bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical care for children in Western Siberia during the Great Patriotic War.
Authors: Semenova Elena Nikolaevna
Published: January 2021

The subject of the study is the study of the main directions of medical care for children of Western Siberia during the Great Patriotic War. Based on previously unpublished documents, data on the organization of measures for the medical and sanitary care of evacuated children, the development of a network of specialized children's institutions located in the department of the People's Commissariat of Health: nurseries, orphanages, children's hospitals and polyclinics, consultations, maternity homes, etc. were analyzed. Materials on changes in the staffing of these medical institutions, measures to improve the professional level of medical workers are presented. The nature of changes in the quality of medical care for children aimed at reducing their morbidity and mortality is investigated.The main conclusion of the study is that children's healthcare in Western Siberia, which experienced a number of problems in the pre-war period, was not ready for a multiple increase in workload with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. The lack of resources has led to a deterioration in the quality of care provided to the children's population, which has led to an increase in morbidity and mortality among children. Despite this, the health authorities throughout the war years conducted systematic work to strengthen children's healthcare. Ultimately, the efforts made made it possible in 1943 - 1945 to reverse the situation with child mortality and achieve its significant reduction.
Traditional economy and cultural landscapes of Shapsugia in the first half of the XIX century.
Authors: Tkhamokova Irina Khasanovna
Published: January 2021

Shapsugs in the first half of the XIX century were the largest group of Adygs and settled in several natural zones of the north-western Caucasus вЂ“ on the plain, in the foothills, in the mountains, on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The article explores the mutual influence of traditional economy and cultural landscapes of Shapsugia, i.e. the dependence of agriculture and cattle breeding of that period on the landscape and other natural conditions, and the transformation of landscapes in the course of human economic activity. The article implements an ethnoecological approach and uses a comparative method to identify the features of economic activity and cultural landscapes in various parts of Shapsugia, as well as the main options for adapting shapsugs to the natural environment. Such a comparative study was conducted for the first time. Previously, this issue did not arouse sufficient interest among scientists. It is concluded that Shapsugs had different ways of adapting to the natural environment. This was expressed in the different ratio of agriculture, cattle breeding and gardening on the plain and in the mountains, in the use of various agrotechnical techniques, in the cultivation of various types of crops and in the breeding of various types and breeds of livestock. It was also noted that the cultural landscapes of the lowland Shapsugia had great similarities with other lowland areas of the northwestern Caucasus inhabited by the Adygs, and the Black Sea coast - with more southern lands where Ubykhs, Sadzis, and Abkhazians lived.
Aznayevo settlement in the XVII – XIX centuries based on the results of archaeological research
Authors: Akhatov Al'bert Tagirovich
Published: January 2021

The subject of this article is the Aznayevo settlement – dwelling site of Bashkirs of the late Middle Ages and Modern Age located in the territory of Ishimbaysky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main goal of this work consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of general information on the monument, as well as materials acquired in the course of archaeological research conducted in 1998 and 2016. Special attention given to the analysis of findings that characterize the economy and way of living of its inhabitants. For clarification of the chronological framework and establishment of relation of Aznayevo settlement with the Bashkir neighboring villages Aznayevo and Khazinovo, the author attracts archival and cartographic material. The article also employs historical-comparative and descriptive methods of analysis of the artefact. The conducted archeological research show that Aznayevo settlement, which supposedly was the winter encampment for the local Bashkir population in the XVII – XIX centuries has existed for a long period of time. In the course of its expiration, were acquires new materials that characterize the economic activity, spiritual and material culture of Bashkirs in the past, including certain aspects that were poorly covered in the ethnographic and historical literature. At the same time, they contribute to examination and reconstruction of ethnogenetic and ethnocultural processes that unfolded in Southern Ural in the late Middle Ages and Modern Age, as well as in the preceding time.
Public educational initiatives in the sphere of culture of Eastern Siberia on the pages of Siberian newspapers in the last quarter of XIX – beginning of XX centuries
Authors: Sevostyanova Elena
Published: January 2021

The object of this research is the reflection in Siberian press of the last quarter of XIX – beginning of XX centuries of civil educational initiatives in Eastern Siberia. In this time, local press created the image of Siberian reality, and actively formed public opinion on the new sociocultural phenomena. The subject of this research is the public educational initiatives in the sphere of culture of Eastern Siberia on the pages of Siberian newspapers in the last quarter of XIX – beginning of XX centuries. The goal consists in determination of substantive components that frame public opinion on the implementation of educational initiatives in the sphere of culture. The relevance of the selected topic is defined by the fact that periodical press contributed not only to information awareness, but also to mobilization of intelligentsia to resolve topical issues of education. Historiography is based on the newspaper materials, published and archival materials. Newspapers of liberal trend enjoyed most popularity, since they not only reflected the modernization processes in the sphere of culture, but also framed public opinion. The author outlines several themes that became thematic dominants based on the frequency of mentioning: the urgent need for Eastern Siberia (in the context of absence of Zemstvo) to show public and private initiative in the sphere of culture and its reliance on the number of educated people; characteristics of government policy; role of officialdom; discreteness of public initiatives and its factors; higher purpose of educational institutions; need for active innovative leader; need for systematic and coordinated work of various voluntary organizations in the sphere of culture. According to the press,  successful realization of civil sociocultural initiatives required the presence of several factors; each of them to a greater or lesser degree determined the consolidation of innovations in sociocultural environment and dynamics in the development of civil initiatives in the sphere of culture.
Personalities of teachers of professional training schools and courses for penitentiary personnel in Russia in 1899 - 1916
Authors: Voloshin Denis Vladimirovich
Published: January 2021

The article considers the problem of preservation and upgrading of historical and pedagogical legacy of teachers of the earliest professional training schools and courses for penitentiary personnel in Russia. The author considers the quality characteristics (the staffing level and competence of teachers, the participation of practitioners and scientists, etc.) of personalities of teachers of the earliest educational institutions (schools and courses) involved in professional training of penitentiary personnel. The author notes that the personalities of particular teachers are well-known in the scientific world, some are known only among domain experts (particularly those specialized in jurisprudence), some were known only to their contemporaries, while about others there’s no available scientifically important information at all. The author raises the question about the necessity to admit the role of personalities in professional training of penitentiary personnel in Russia. This research is one of the first attempts to introduce the personalities of the earliest professional training schools and courses for penitentiary personnel to the scientific world. The research is based on the archive materials. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the systematization of tendencies of recruiting teachers of the earliest professional training schools and courses for penitentiary personnel: firstly, the absence of permanent teachers even in schools opened upon the adoption of the Law of 1913; secondly, highly positioned civil servants and qualified practitioners were involved in teaching; thirdly, starting with temporary readings, highly competent and well-known specialists had been involved in the educational process, many of them current or would-be leading scientists and acknowledged scholars. The admission of the role of personalities makes it possible to conduct historical research using biographical methods and personalistics.   
Correlation and dialectical connection of law and culture as a problem of the philosophy of law
Authors: Kovalev Andrei Andreevich
Published: January 2021

The dialectical connection of law and culture is the relevant subject of research in philosophy, theory, and sociology of law, first and foremost due to the fact that insufficient theoretical substantiation lawmaking activity of politicians currently generates serious issues. Those of one cultural-legal traditions are unable to understand their partners belonging to another legal culture. Any modern legal theory should take into account the definition of culture the backbone factor for modern civilization. The novelty this research consists in examination of the fundamental aspects of “law-culture” system alongside on the analysis of views of Western researchers previously unfamiliar to the Russian science. The goal of this work lies in revealing the key aspects of dialectical connection of law and culture and their correlation in modern era. The philosophy of law features ambivalent interpretation of the phenomenon of law: 1) as one of the forms of collective consciousness – along with culture, morality, philosophy, science ,or religion; 2) in broad view of culture as a synonym of civilization, law would manifests as the crucial element of culture that generates multiple realities of sociocultural life of the people, society and the state. The research of dialectical connection of law and culture developed in the modern era, may contribute to resolution of complex problems that emerge in the contradictory “law-culture” system, which is of vital importance for the existence of separate national communities, as well as for survival of all the entire humanity.
Philosophical-aesthetic foundations of African-American hip-hop music
Authors: Pyrova Tatiana Leonidovna
Published: January 2021

This article is dedicated to the philosophical-aesthetic foundations of African-American hip-hop music of the late XX century. Developed by the African philosopher Leopold Senghor, the author of the theory of negritude, concept of Negro-African aesthetics laid the foundations for the formation of philosophical-political comprehension and development of the principles of African-American culture in the second half of the XX century in works of the founders of “Black Arts” movement. This research examines the main theses of the aesthetic theory of L. Senghor; traces his impact upon cultural-political movement “Black Art”; reveals which position of his aesthetic theory and cultural-political movement “Black Arts” affected hip-hop music. The author refers to the concept of “vibe” for understanding the influence of Negro-African aesthetics upon the development of hip-hop music. The impact of aesthetic theory of Leopold Senghor upon the theoretical positions of cultural-political movement “Black Arts” is demonstrated. The author also compares the characteristics of the Negro-African aesthetics and the concepts used to describe hip-hop music, and determines correlation between them. The conclusion is made that the research assessment of hip-hop music and comparative analysis of African-American hip-hop with the examples of global hip-hop should pay attention to the philosophical-aesthetic foundations of African-American hip-hop and their relation to Negro-African aesthetics, which differs fundamentally from the European aesthetic tradition.
The Yakut National School of Composition and the work of the first Even composer P.M. Starostin: the experience of the review
Authors: Pavlova-Borisova Tat'yana Vladimirovna , Kuz'mina Milena Mikhailovna
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the life and work of the first Even composer P.M. Starostin (1944-2013) in the context of the development of national composition schools of the East. The purpose of the study is to review the life and work of the Even composer P.M. Starostin. The object of the study is the professional musical art of the Even people, the subject of the study is the creative heritage of the first Even composer. The research is based on comparative and typological methods, taking into account the theoretical developments of Russian musicologists in the field of studying the patterns of development of young national composer schools (M.N. Drozhzhina, M.Y. Dubrovskaya, L.L. Pylneva, etc.). The main conclusions include the following. The formation of the first Even composer P.M. Starostin took place within the framework of the Yakut national School of composition. The main source of P.M. Starostin's creativity was the rich Even folklore: epic tales, ritual genres, song lyrics. The creative heritage of P.M. Starostin is distinguished by originality and genre originality: from large forms вЂ“ operas and cantatas to chamber-vocal works and compositions for children. The geography of the spread of young national composer schools has advanced to the north-east of Russia, where the Yakut National Composer School is currently functioning quite actively. The Yakut National School of Composition is already becoming a new center itself, on the periphery of which the prerequisites for the formation of national composition schools of the small peoples of the North living in the Arctic zone are being formed. The experience of reviewing the work of the first Even composer P.M. Starostin, considered by us in the article, marks this process. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time data on the life and work of the Even composer P.M. Starostin are introduced into scientific circulation. Until now, his name has remained virtually unknown to musicology. Such a review is being conducted for the first time.
Einige Überlegungen zu Formen und Funktionen von urbanen Texte
Authors: Makowska Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Contemporary urban spaces are full of visual planes on which all kinds of signs are combined in a comprehensive manner, collectively creating new meanings. If these messages are connected with a given place or situation, they perform specific functions resulting from this fact, for example they structure urban space, they facilitate orientation, they warn, forbid, advertise, and embellish. The aim of the present article is the analysis of selected urban texts occurring in German and Polish cities paying special attention to their structural layer as well as its compliance with principles of semiotic economy.
Juan Pablo II en España: de la movilización católica a la oposición política
Authors: Díaz Burillo Vicente Jesús
Published: January 2021

Objective/Context: in recent decades, religion has established itself as one of the most potent instruments to activate political aspirations. The classical paradigms of secularization failed in their predictions, and religion has neither been confined to the private sphere nor has it disappeared from public space. This article looks at how faith is made visible in a particular way and claims its seat in the public discourse. Methodology: the article engages with its objective starting from the analysis of primary sources—ecclesiastic documents, press reports, and references from Spanish Public Administration—and the methods developed around the study of social movements and the cultural history of the political milieu. Originality: the paper focuses on Pope John Paul II’s trip to Spain in October and November of 1982. A few days before his arrival, the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (psoe) had won the general elections by a vast absolute majority. For the first time after General Franco’s death, a nominally left-wing party took over the government’s control. In that context, the Papal visit had great political relevance: significant media and political opposition against that new government came together around John Paul II. Conclusions: through the trips of the Vatican State’s head, the Catholic Church mobilizes Catholics in the streets, which transforms the crowds turning out to accompany the Pope into actual marches in which religious recognition mixes with political demands. The trip analyzed in this article, whose logic echoed in multiple spaces during the Papacy of John Paul II, shows us an institution of a marked transnational character capable of acting as an authentic political agent.
Interventions to Deliver Vaccination to, and Improve Vaccination Rates in, People who are Homeless
Authors: McCosker Laura , Ware Robert , Downes Martin J.
Published: January 2021

Background: In comparison to the general population, people who are homeless have poorer health and health-related outcomes, including for vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccination is safe, effective and cost-effective, and many vaccination guidelines specifically recommend vaccination in people who are homeless. This systematic review will identify interventions which are effective in delivering vaccination to, and/or at improving vaccination rates in, people who are homeless.

Methods/Design: This systematic review is presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches will be undertaken on eight electronic databases, using combinations of search terms and subject headings or index terms. Citation chaining will also be undertaken. Literature will be screened for relevance against inclusion/exclusion criteria firstly by title/abstract and secondly by full text. The selected studies will be assessed for quality using an evidence-based tool appropriate to their methods. Data relevant to the topic will be extracted and examined using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis.

Discussion: This systematic review will address an important gap in the literature about vaccination in people who are homeless. The review’s findings are particularly relevant considering the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which is likely to be managed through vaccination.
Audiological Findings in Diffused Axonal Injury Secondary to Road Traffic Accident
Authors: Eliyas Mohammed , Umashankar Abishek , Amritha G
Published: January 2021

Diffused Axonal Injury (DAI) is a form of mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) that occurs when there are rapid acceleration and deceleration of the head caused by road traffic accidents. It results in the accumulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and increased calcium that causes damage to the axonal cytoskeleton and ion channels, hence resulting in degeneration. This report is of 35 year old male patient with DAI secondary to road traffic accident, where a complete audiological test battery was done. Upon multiple Computed Tomography (CT) investigations, the third CT findings revealed a hypodensity at the level of upper brainstem. Upon audiological evaluation, the patient had a moderate sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear and a mild sensorineural hearing loss in the right ear. The speech discrimination scores were poor in both the ears, thus suggesting a presence of a Retrocochlear involvement. On administering Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR), no V peak could be visualised in both ears, thus indicating a lesion at the upper brainstem which correlated with CT findings and on administering various other test batteries, findings revealed a presence of retrocochlear involvement. This study highlights the importance of carrying out both Electrophysiological and Radiological test procedures in diagnosing DAI.
Clinico-Aetiological Profile of Patients with Vertigo: A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Syed Shiraz , Mittal Himanshu Kumar , Bist Sampan Singh , Kumar Lovneesh , Agarwal Vinish Kumar
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Nearly 5-10 percent of patients seen in general OPD, and between 10-20 percent of patients seen by ENT specialists and neurologists are those with complaints pertaining to vertigo and dis-equilibrium. The standard definition of vertigo states it to be an illusion of motion particularly rotatory sensation. Overlapping symptoms and terms such as dizziness, light headedness, giddiness and pre-syncope make it challenging to achieve a proper diagnosis. Aim: To study the clinical profile and revisit the various aetiological factors for vertigo in patients with actual sensation of rotatory motion seen in contemporary Otolaryngology practice. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional observational study carried out over a period of 12 months in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at a tertiary care centre. One-hundred and ten cases complaining of the sense of rotation of either head or their surroundings with at least a single episode in preceding one month were included. Comprehensive otological and vestibular evaluation was done. Each patient was subjected to thorough clinical vestibular and laboratory tests. Subjects with known cervical spine disease, neurological disorders and cardiac ailments were excluded. Statistical analysis was done and Chi-square test was applied. Results: The mean age of patients in the study was 49.75 years with a male to female ratio of 1:1. Majority of the patients (90%) presented with acute onset of vertigo. The total duration of symptoms most commonly observed ranged between one week to one month. Nearly, all patients had intermittent character of vertigo. The duration of each episode in most of the patients ranged between 1 minute to 10 minutes. Maximum patients (90.9%) were observed with intensity of vertigo as mild and moderate type (Level II and III SVVSLCRE). Positional variation was observed in 64.5% of the patients. The most common aetiological diagnosis deduced from the study was benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (30.4%) followed by orthostatic hypotension (17.9%) and Meniere’s disease (13.4%). Conclusion: The most common aetiological factor of vertigo was found to be benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, which can be effectively treated by performing Epley’s maneuver. Orthostatic hypotension has been observed as an important cause liable to be missed by otologists. The management of vertigo must be directed by a meticulous work up of aetiologies and should not be treated under a blanket regimen.
Impact of Anticoagulation Clinic Intervention on Patient Centred Outcomes in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kumar S Sunil , Gona Oliver Joel , Desai Nagaraj , Shetty B Shyam Prasad , Poornima KS , Madhan Ramesh
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Vitamin K Antagonists (VKAs) have been in use for more than 50 years. They have remained as mainstay therapy in the prevention of thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation, mechanical heart valves and venous thromboembolism. Despite many years of clinical experience with VKAs, the quality of anticoagulation achieved in routine clinical practice is suboptimal. Aim: To study the effects of structured Anticoagulation Clinic (ACC) interventions on patient centred outcomes in subjects taking VKAs. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among patients taking VKAs enrolled in ACC. A total of 169 patients receiving VKAs for at least six months with 4 INR (International Normalised Ratio) values and completed 12 months of follow-up were analysed. Anticoagulation related quality measures like Time in the Therapeutic Range (TTR), Percentage of International Normalised Ratios in the therapeutic Range (PINRR) and clinical outcomes like stroke, systemic embolic events and bleeding was analysed at the time of enrolment and compared with those during ACC care. Results: Among 352 patients enrolled in ACC, 169 patients were eligible for analysis. The mean age of the study population was 55.62±13.77 years. Atrial fibrillation (59%) was the most common indication for VKA therapy. Hypertension (66.3%) was the most common co-morbidity. Mean TTRs were significantly higher in the ACC care when compared with the pre-ACC care at 12 months follow-up (77.58±8.85% vs 51.01±16.7%, p<0.0001). There was a significant improvement in TTRs as early as three months of ACC intervention (73.18±13.56%). At the time of enrolment, 21.9% of patients had individual TTRs (i-TTR) >70% which increased to 70.4% at 12 months of follow-up. INR testing was done more frequently in ACC care. Adverse clinical events were higher in pre-ACC care than ACC care (4.7% vs 2.4%, p>0.05). Major bleeding and thromboembolic events were higher in pre-ACC care than ACC care (1.8% vs. 0.6% and 2.4% vs. 0.6% respectively). Conclusion: ACC services helps in achieving better quality of anticoagulation control as measured by time in therapeutic range translating into better clinical outcomes.
Effect of Pour Point Depressants Combined with Dispersants on the Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel‐Diesel Blends
Authors: Su Baoting , Wang Lulu , Xue Yuan , Yan Jincan , Dong Zhenbiao , Lin Hualin , Han Sheng
Published: January 2021

Poor cold flow property is a major issue that hinders the application of biodiesel‐diesel blends. In this work, a series of methacrylate‐benzyl methacrylate‐N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone terpolymers (RMC‐MB‐NVP, R = C12, C14, C16, C18) was synthesized and used as the pour point depressants (PPD) for waste cooking oil biodiesel blends. To further improve their depressive effects, dispersants, including Tween (40, 60, and 80), Span (40, 60, and 80), phthalic acid esters (PAE), and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (FAPE; FAPE 5, FAPE 7, and FAPE 9), were optimized and combined with the C14MC‐MB‐NVP terpolymers. The effects of C14MC‐MB‐NVP terpolymers and combined PPD (PPDC) on the cloud point (CP), cold filter‐plugging point (CFPP), and pour point (PP) of biodiesel blends were studied. Here, results showed that the presence of dispersants can efficiently enhance the solubility and dispersibility of polymeric PPD in biodiesel blends; thus, the PPDC presents better depressive effects. Among them, C16MC‐MB‐NVP (5:1:1) combined with FAPE 7 dispersant at 4:1 mass ratio (PPDC‐FAPE 7) showed the best synergistic effect, and the CP, CFPP, and PP of B20 treated with 2000 ppm PPDC‐FAPE 7 decreased by 4, 10, and 19 °C, respectively. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscope, and rheological analyses were performed to rationalize the action mechanism of these PPD and dispersants in biodiesel blends.
Polymorph identification in green Chinese architectural paints using Raman imaging and multivariate curve resolution
Authors: Wiggins Marcie B. , Liu Mengyu , Liu Chang , Booksh Karl S.
Published: January 2021

Distinguishing the polymorphs of basic copper chlorides is useful to inform how these materials were used as pigments in Western artworks. Raman imaging spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) were employed to distinguish the minerals used in green pigments of several Chinese architectural paintings (12th–19th centuries). MCR‐ALS generated component spectra for the Raman datasets, which allowed the resolution of trace materials separated from background features. This method established the mixtures of atacamite and botallackite polymorphs and their relative ratios in five paint samples and identified the mineral azurite, a basic copper carbonate in one sample. These findings identify and suggest a shift to synthetic basic copper chloride pigments in Chinese architectural paints based on the spectroscopically resolved spectra of these mixtures. Thus, this methodology has successfully been applied to paint cross sections to distinguish components and to inform on the materiality and history of objects.
DOCK8 deficiency diminishes thymic T‐regulatory cell development but not thymic deletion
Authors: Randall Katrina L , Law Hsei Di , Ziolkowski Andrew F , Wirasinha Rushika C , Goodnow Christopher C , Daley Stephen R
Published: January 2021

Objective

To define the effect of DOCK8 deficiency on thymic tolerance in mice.

Methods

Thymocytes from wild‐type (Dock8+/+) and DOCK8‐deficient (Dock8pri/pri) mice were examined by flow cytometry. Some mice had transgenic expression of the BCL2 anti‐apoptotic protein in haemopoietic cells. Some mice expressed the transgenic 3A9 T‐cell receptor (TCR), which triggers thymocyte deletion in mice also expressing hen egg lysozyme under the insulin promoter.

Results

In Dock8pr/pri mice, the proportion of thymocytes induced to acquire tolerance at the immature CCR7− stage was normal. Deletion of strongly self‐reactive CD4+ thymocytes occurred efficiently in Dock8pri/pri mice in a TCR‐transgenic model that requires self‐antigen transfer from epithelial cells to bone marrow (BM)‐derived antigen‐presenting cells. Thymic Foxp3+ T‐regulatory cells (TREG) and Helios+ Foxp3− TREG precursors were decreased in Dock8pri/pri mice, including when apoptosis was inhibited by BCL2 transgene expression. Dock8pri/pri thymic TREG expressed CD25 and CTLA‐4 at normal levels. The results suggest that DOCK8 deficiency does not affect the function of BM‐derived antigen‐presenting cells in the thymus, the TCR self‐reactivity threshold that activates tolerance mechanisms in thymocytes or the apoptotic deletion of these thymocytes. However, DOCK8 is required to prevent a subset of developing TREG cells from undergoing cell death via a mechanism that is distinct from apoptosis.

Conclusion

DOCK8 deficiency diminishes TREG development in the thymus without compromising thymocyte deletion.
Nonlinear forced vibration analysis of spinning shaft‐disk assemblies under sliding bearing supports
Authors: Zhao Tian Yu , Wang Yu Xuan , Pan Hong Gang , Yuan Hui Qun , Cai Yi
Published: January 2021

This paper presents an investigation on nonlinear forced vibration characteristics of a spinning shaft‐disk assembly resting on sliding bearing supports. Based on the Timoshenko beam theory and Kirchhoff plate theory, the coupled model of the rotor is established. The present model is validated through comparison with the experiment results for different structure parameters. Considering the gyroscopic effect and nonlinear oil film force, the equations of motion are derived by employing the Lagrange equation. Then, the modal synthesis method and the Runge‐Kutta method are adopted to obtain forced vibration responses of the spinning assembly. Special attention is paid to examine the effect of spinning speed on the nonlinear vibration behaviors of the shaft‐disk rotor system, which can play an especially important role in an actual project.
A random small molecule library screen identifies novel antagonists of the kinin receptor from the cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Xiong Caixing , Baker Dwight , Pietrantonio Patricia V
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, is a primary vector of the deadly bovine disease babesiosis. Worldwide populations of ticks have developed resistance to acaricides, underscoring the need for novel target discovery for tick control. The arthropod‐specific R. microplus kinin receptor is such a target, previously validated by silencing, which resulted in female reproductive fitness costs, including a reduced percentage of eggs hatching.

RESULTS

In order to identify potent small molecules that bind and activate or inhibit the kinin receptor, a high‐throughput screening (HTS) assay was developed using a CHO‐K1 cell line expressing the recombinant tick kinin receptor (BMLK3). A total of ~20 000 molecules from a random in‐house small molecule library were screened in a ‘dual‐addition’ calcium fluorescence assay. This was followed by dose–response validation of the hit molecules identified both from HTS and an in silico screen of ~390 000 molecules. We validated 29 antagonists, 11 of them were full antagonists with IC50 values between 0.67 and 8 μmol L–1. To explore the structure–activity relationships (SAR) of the small molecules, we tested the activities of seven analogs of the most potent identified antagonist, additionally discovering three full antagonists and four partial antagonists. These three potent antagonists (IC50 < 3.2 μmol L–1) were validated in vitro using the recombinant mosquito kinin receptor and showed similar antagonistic activities. In vivo, these three compounds also inhibited the mosquito hindgut contraction rate induced by a myotropic kinin agonist analog 1728.

CONCLUSION

Antagonists identified in this study could become pesticide leads and are reagents for probing the kinin signaling system. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Translanguaging to Understand Language
Authors: Ossa Parra Marcela , Proctor C. Patrick
Published: January 2021

Translanguaging pedagogy is gaining widespread recognition as an approach that recognizes and builds on multilingual students’ linguistic resources. Research on translanguaging pedagogy has predominantly focused on classroom language practices, while studies on the design and enactment of translanguaged instruction are limited. This pilot study contributes to the knowledge base on translanguaged instruction through the design, implementation, and examination of students’ engagement with the content taught in a set of translanguaged lessons. These lessons were based on a language‐based English reading curriculum for Spanish‐English bilingual upper elementary students. Our approach to translanguaging pedagogy was characterized by a) use of bilingual texts; b) flexible language use; and c) bilingual language instruction. This article focuses on the lessons that addressed morphology and syntax instruction. Within an ethnomethodological approach, the discourse and interactions during the morphology and syntax instruction components of the lesson‐cycles were examined to understand how students engaged with the language structures taught, and how translanguaging manifested in their talk about language. Our analyses revealed translanguaging as enabling students to perform linguistic analyses in which they: (a) established connections between English and Spanish morphemes; b) compared English and Spanish morphology and syntax; and c) explored alternative syntactic structures. As such, translanguaged instruction supported students’ metalinguistic awareness and cognitive engagement, and enabled them to position themselves as expert linguists. This study provides evidence about the affordances of translanguaged literacy instruction, which is needed to continue stimulating the ideological shift from monolingual to multilingual perspectives in the education of bilingual students.
Integrating out new fermions at one loop
Authors: Angelescu Andrei , Huang Peisi
Published: January 2021

Abstract

We present the fermionic universal one-loop effective action obtained by integrating out heavy vector-like fermions at one loop using functional techniques. Even though previous approaches are able to handle integrating out heavy fermions with non-chiral interactions, i.e. vanishing γ5 interaction terms, the computations proceed in a tedious manner that obscures a physical interpretation. We show how directly tackling the fermionic functional determinant not only allows for a much simpler and transparent computation, but is also able to account for chiral interaction terms in a simple, algorithmic way. Finally, we apply the obtained results to integrate out at one loop the vector-like fermions appearing in a toy model and in a fermionic model that exhibits strong cosmological phase transitions.
A Two-Parameter Corresponding States Method for Calculating the Steady-State Evaporation Rate of C2–C9 n-Alkane Droplets in Air for Elevated Pressures and Temperatures
Authors: Csemány Dávid , Józsa Viktor
Published: January 2021

Advanced gas turbine and internal combustion engine combustion chambers operate at highly elevated pressures and temperatures. Therefore, spray vaporization analysis cannot be limited to the atmospheric environment since evaporation strongly depends on ambient conditions. Presently, the effect of air pressure and temperature on droplet evaporation rate was investigated by using both a transient and a steady-state approach. A corresponding states model was derived for the steady-state evaporation rate for n-alkanes in the range of C2–C9 with an excellent fit quality and < 1% model uncertainty, considering the thermophysical data uncertainties. The model was tested for C1, C10, and C12 n-alkanes as well with low success. The ambient conditions were evaluated in terms of reduced pressures and temperatures, covering the range of 0.02–0.5 and 1.2–1.5, respectively. However, the applicability of the model was limited to reduced temperature of 1.3–1.5, as higher discrepancy was observed between the trends of the different n-alkanes at lower temperatures. Since the heat-up phase of practical sprays in combustion chambers is often short, the present model might significantly reduce the computational effort required for liquid evaporation calculations.
Long Non-coding RNA FEZF1-AS1 Promotes Growth and Reduces Apoptosis Through Regulation of miR-363-3p/PAX6 Axis in Retinoblastoma
Authors: Liu Xiuming , Li Xiaofeng , Li Jianchang
Published: January 2021

Retinoblastoma is the most common malignancy in children's eyes with high incidence. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the progression of retinoblastoma. LncRNA FEZF1 antisense RNA 1 (FEZF1-AS1) has been found to stimulate retinoblastoma. However, the mechanism of FEZF1-AS1 underlying progression of retinoblastoma is still unclear. In current study, FEZF1-AS1 was up-regulated in retinoblastoma tissues and cells. FEZF1-AS1 overexpression enhanced retinoblastoma cell viability, promoted cell cycle, and inhibited apoptosis. Conversely, FEZF1-AS1 knockdown reduced cell viability, cycle, and elevated apoptosis. The interaction between FEZF1-AS1 and microRNA-363-3p (miR-363-3p) was confirmed. FEZF1-AS1 down-regulated miR-363-3p and up-regulated PAX6. PAX6 was a target gene of miR-363-3p. EZF1-AS1 promoted retinoblastoma cell viability and suppressed apoptosis via PAX6. Further, we demonstrated that FEZF1-AS1 contribute to tumor formation in vivo. In conclusion, FEZF1-AS1 elevated growth and inhibited apoptosis by regulating miR-363-3p/PAX6 in retinoblastoma, which provide a new target for retinoblastoma treatment.
Pecunia non olet: on the self-selection into (dis)honest earning opportunities
Authors: Konrad Kai A. , Lohse Tim , Simon Sven A.
Published: January 2021

We study self-selection into earning money in an honest or dishonest fashion based on individuals’ attitudes toward truthful reporting. We propose a decision-theoretic framework where individuals’ willingness to pay for honest earnings is determined by their (behavioral) lying costs. Our laboratory experiment identifies lying costs as the decisive factor causing self-selection into honest earning opportunities for individuals with high costs and into cheating opportunities for those prepared to misreport. Our experimental setup allows us to recover individual lying costs and their distribution in the population.
High-security closed devices are efficient and safe to protect human oocytes from potential risk of viral contamination during vitrification and storage especially in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Porcu Eleonora , Tranquillo Maria Lucrezia , Notarangelo Leonardo , Ciotti Patrizia Maria , Calza Nilla , Zuffa Silvia , Mori Lisa , Nardi Elena , Dirodi Maria , Cipriani Linda , Labriola Francesca Sonia , Damiano Giuseppe
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The main purpose and research question of the study are to compare the efficacy of high-security closed versus open devices for human oocytes’ vitrification.

Methods

A prospective randomized study was conducted. A total of 737 patients attending the Infertility and IVF Unit at S.Orsola University Hospital (Italy) between October 2015 and April 2020 were randomly assigned to two groups. A total of 368 patients were assigned to group 1 (High-Security Vitrification™ - HSV) and 369 to group 2 (Cryotop® open system). Oocyte survival, fertilization, cleavage, pregnancy, implantation, and miscarriage rate were compared between the two groups.

Results

No statistically significant differences were observed on survival rate (70.3% vs. 73.3%), fertilization rate (70.8% vs. 74.9%), cleavage rate (90.6% vs. 90.3%), pregnancy/transfer ratio (32.0% vs. 31.8%), implantation rate (19.7% vs. 19.9%), nor miscarriage rates (22.1% vs. 21.5%) between the two groups. Women’s mean age in group 1 (36.18 ± 3.92) and group 2 (35.88 ± 3.88) was not significantly different (P= .297). A total of 4029 oocytes were vitrified (1980 and 2049 in groups 1 and 2 respectively). A total of 2564 were warmed (1469 and 1095 in groups 1 and 2 respectively). A total of 1386 morphologically eligible oocytes were inseminated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (792 and 594 respectively,P= .304).

Conclusions

The present study shows that the replacement of the open vitrification system by a closed one has no impact on in vitro and in vivo survival, development, pregnancy and implantation rate. Furthermore, to ensure safety, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic, the use of the closed device eliminates the potential samples’ contamination during vitrification and storage.
Biology Undergraduate Students’ Graphing Practice in Digital Versus Pen and Paper Graphing Environments
Authors: Gardner Stephanie M. , Suazo-Flores Elizabeth , Maruca Susan , Abraham Joel K. , Karippadath Anupriya , Meir Eli
Published: January 2021

Graphing is an important practice for scientists and in K-16 science curricula. Graphs can be constructed using an array of software packages as well as by hand, with pen-and-paper. However, we have an incomplete understanding of how students’ graphing practice vary by graphing environment; differences could affect how best to teach and assess graphing. Here we explore the role of two graphing environments in students’ graphing practice. We studied 43 undergraduate biology students’ graphing practice using either pen-and-paper (PP) (n = 21 students) or a digital graphing tool GraphSmarts (GS) (n = 22 students). Participants’ graphs and verbal justifications were analyzed to identify features such as the variables plotted, number of graphs created, raw data versus summarized data plotted, and graph types (e.g., scatter plot, line graph, or bar graph) as well as participants’ reasoning for their graphing choices. Several aspects of participant graphs were similar regardless of graphing environment, including plotting raw vs. summarized data, graph type, and overall graph quality, while GS participants were more likely to plot the most relevant variables. In GS, participants could easily make more graphs than in PP and this may have helped some participants show latent features of their graphing practice. Those students using PP tended to focus more on ease of constructing the graph than GS. This study illuminates how the different characteristics of the graphing environment have implications for instruction and interpretation of assessments of student graphing practices.
The impact of closing schools on working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence using panel data from Japan
Authors: Yamamura Eiji , Tsustsui Yoshiro
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 has led to the closure of various schools in Japan to cope with the pandemic. This study explores how school closure influences parents’ work style based on short panel data for the period of school closure from mid-March to mid-April 2020. Specifically, we analyze how the presence of their children influences parents’ work at home and examine how the effect differs by the parent’s gender. After controlling for various factors, we find that in cases where parents are full-time employees and the children are: (1) in primary school, mothers are more likely to work remotely, while fathers are less likely to do so and (2) in junior high school, the parents’ work styles are hardly affected. This shows that mothers shoulder the burden of working remotely and caring for small children at home, while fathers tend to work in the office and spend less time with their childcare at home. Inevitably, COVID-19 has increased the inequality in the burden of child care.
Interactive Effects of Copper Sources and a High Level of Phytase in Phosphorus-Deficient Diets on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Tissue Mineral Concentrations, and Plasma Parameters in Nursery Pigs
Authors: Ren Ping , Chen Juxing , Hancock Deana , Vazquez-Añón Mercedes
Published: January 2021

The present study investigated the interactive effects of copper sources and a high level of phytase on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, tissue mineral concentrations, and plasma parameters in nursery pigs. Weaning piglets (N = 192; 6.06 ± 0.99 kg), blocked by body weight, were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments, with 12 pens per treatment and 4 pigs per pen. A basal diet for each phase was formulated to meet nutrient requirements for nursery pigs with the exception that standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) P was reduced by 0.12% and Ca was adjusted to achieve Ca/STTD P = 2.15. The 4 dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design, with 2 Cu sources (125 mg/kg Cu from copper methionine hydroxy analogue chelate (Cu-MHAC) or copper sulfate (CuSO4)) and 2 phytase levels (0 or 1500 phytase units (FTU)/kg). Results showed that there was an interaction (P < 0.05) between Cu sources and phytase on ADG during days 0–41. When phytase was not present in the diets (P deficient), there was no difference between the two Cu sources in terms of ADG during days 0–41, whereas with phytase in the diets, Cu-MHAC tended to improve (P < 0.10) ADG during days 0–41 compared with CuSO4. Pigs fed Cu-MHAC had greater apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of neutral and acid detergent fiber and STTD of P than those fed CuSO4. Phytase increased (P < 0.05) growth performance, ATTD of Ca and P, and plasma inositol and growth hormone concentrations. In conclusion, Cu-MHAC may be more effective in improving growth rate than CuSO4 when phytase was supplemented at 1500 FTU/kg. Cu-MHAC enhanced fiber and P digestibility regardless of phytase, compared with CuSO4. Phytase addition in P-deficient diets was effective in improving growth performance, Ca and P digestibility, and plasma inositol and growth hormone concentrations.