bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BAF Complex Maintains Glioma Stem Cells in Pediatric H3K27M Glioma
Authors: Panditharatna Eshini , Marques Joana G. , Wang Tingjian , Trissal Maria C. , Liu Ilon , Jiang Li , Beck Alexander , Groves Andrew , Dharia Neekesh V. , Li Deyao , Hoffman Samantha E. , Kugener Guillaume , Shaw McKenzie L. , Mire Hafsa M. , Hack Olivia A. , Dempster Joshua M. , Lareau Caleb , Dai Lingling , Sigua Logan H. , Quezada Michael A. , Stanton Ann-Catherine J. , Wyatt Meghan , Kalani Zohra , Goodale Amy , Vazquez Francisca , Piccioni Federica , Doench John G. , Root David E. , Anastas Jamie N. , Jones Kristen L. , Conway Amy Saur , Stopka Sylwia , Regan Michael S. , Liang Yu , Seo Hyuk-Soo , Song Kijun , Bashyal Puspalata , Jerome William P. , Mathewson Nathan D. , Dhe-Paganon Sirano , Suvà Mario L. , Carcaboso Angel M. , Lavarino Cinzia , Mora Jaume , Nguyen Quang-De , Ligon Keith L. , Shi Yang , Agnihotri Sameer , Agar Nathalie Y.R. , Stegmaier Kimberly , Stiles Charles D. , Monje Michelle , Golub Todd R. , Qi Jun , Filbin Mariella G.
Published: October 2022

Diffuse midline gliomas are uniformly fatal pediatric central nervous system cancers that are refractory to standard-of-care therapeutic modalities. The primary genetic drivers are a set of recurrent amino acid substitutions in genes encoding histone H3 (H3K27M), which are currently undruggable. These H3K27M oncohistones perturb normal chromatin architecture, resulting in an aberrant epigenetic landscape. To interrogate for epigenetic dependencies, we performed a CRISPR screen and show that patient-derived H3K27M-glioma neurospheres are dependent on core components of the mammalian BAF (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex. The BAF complex maintains glioma stem cells in a cycling, oligodendrocyte precursor cell–like state, in which genetic perturbation of the BAF catalytic subunit SMARCA4 (BRG1), as well as pharmacologic suppression, opposes proliferation, promotes progression of differentiation along the astrocytic lineage, and improves overall survival of patient-derived xenograft models. In summary, we demonstrate that therapeutic inhibition of the BAF complex has translational potential for children with H3K27M gliomas.

Significance:

Epigenetic dysregulation is at the core of H3K27M-glioma tumorigenesis. Here, we identify the BRG1–BAF complex as a critical regulator of enhancer and transcription factor landscapes, which maintain H3K27M glioma in their progenitor state, precluding glial differentiation, and establish pharmacologic targeting of the BAF complex as a novel treatment strategy for pediatric H3K27M glioma.
Prognostic Value of Human Papillomavirus Genotyping before and after Cervical Conization for Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
Authors: Iida Yuki , Sato Shinya , Okawa Masayo , Hikino Kohei , Komatsu Hiroaki , Kudoh Akiko , Chikumi Jun , Oishi Tetsuro , Harada Tasuku , Taniguchi Fuminori
Published: October 2022

Introduction: We previously reported that preoperative human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16/18 positivity and postoperative high-risk (HR)-HPV test positivity are associated with abnormal postoperative cytology. In this study, we further examined whether preoperative and postoperative HR-HPV genotyping could predict cytological abnormalities and the risk of additional surgery. Methods: Patients who underwent cervical conization at our hospital between July 2009 and June 2018 were enrolled. HPV genotyping was performed preoperatively for all patients with HPV-positive. The association among preoperative and postoperative HR-HPV genotyping results, the cumulative risk of cytological abnormalities, and additional surgery were evaluated. The endpoint approach was used to investigate the cumulative incidence of additional surgery owing to cytological abnormalities, such as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion positivity and recurrence 2 years after cervical conization. Results: Positive and negative histological margins were observed in 21 and 287 of 308 cases, respectively. The cumulative incidence of abnormal cytology and additional surgery was significantly higher in margin-positive cases than that in margin-negative cases. Examination established according to the margin status demonstrated that the postoperative HR-HPV-positive group had a significantly worse prognosis than the HR-HPV-negative group. Additionally, 32 cases, wherein the same genotype detected before and after surgery, demonstrated significantly unfavorable outcomes. Fifteen patients with persistent HPV 16/18 had the worst prognosis than the other types. Conclusion: Preoperative and postoperative HR-HPV genotype tests were used to predict the cumulative incidence of abnormal cytology and additional surgery. Particularly, patients with suspected persistent HPV type 16/18 infection are at a high recurrence risk.
Body Composition Assessment by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: A Useful Tool for the Diagnosis of Lipedema
Authors: Buso Giacomo , Favre Lucie , Vionnet Nathalie , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Elena , Hans Didier , Puder Jardena Jacqueline , Dubath Céline , Eap Chin-Bin , Raffoul Wassim , Collet Tinh-Hai , Mazzolai Lucia
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Lipedema is a poorly known condition. Diagnosis is based almost exclusively on clinical criteria, which may be subjective and not always reliable. This study aimed to investigate regional body composition (BC) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in patients with lipedema and healthy controls and to determine cut-off values of fat mass (FM) indices to provide an additional tool for the diagnosis and staging of this condition. Methods: This study is a single-center case-control study performed at Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland. Women with clinically diagnosed lipedema underwent regional BC assessment by DXA. The control group without clinical lipedema was matched for age and body mass index (BMI) at a ratio of 1:2 and underwent similar examination. Regional FM (legs, arms, legs and arms, trunk, android and gynoid FM) was measured in (kg) and divided by FM index (FMI) (kg/m2) and total FM (kg). The trunk/legs and android/gynoid ratios were calculated. For all indices of FM distribution showing a significant difference between cases and controls, we defined the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calculating the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and Youden’s index. Types and stages of lipedema were compared in terms of FM indices. Correlation analyses between all FM distribution indices and lipedema stages were performed. Results: We included 222 women (74 with lipedema and 148 controls). Overall, the mean age was 41 years (standard deviation [SD] 11), and mean BMI was 30.9 kg/m2 (SD 7.6). A statistically significant difference was observed for all DXA-derived indices of FM distribution between groups, except for arm FM indices. The ROC curve analysis of leg FM/total FM, as a potential indicator of lipedema, resulted in an AUC of 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.86–0.94). According to Youden’s index, optimal cut-off value identifying lipedema was 0.384. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.95 and 0.73, respectively. We found no significant differences between lipedema types and stages in terms of FM indices, nor significant correlations between the latter and lipedema stages. Discussion/Conclusion: BC assessment by DXA, and particularly calculation of the leg FM/total FM index, is a simple tool that may help clinicians rule out lipedema in doubtful cases.
Autoinflammation und pustulöse Psoriasis
Authors: Sticherling Michael
Published: October 2022

Pustular psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythematous plaques with sterile pustules. It includes the distinct clinical entities generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (ACH) and palmoplantar pustular psoriasis (PPPP). Recently clarified pathomechanisms of pustular psoriasis indicate that hyperactivation of the skin innate immunity, including of the IL-1/IL-36 axis, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pustular psoriasis. Autoinflammatory keratinization disease (AiKD) is the umbrella clinical entity for inflammatory keratinization disorders with genetic autoinflammatory pathomechanisms, and pustular psoriasis is a representative AiKD. To date, mutations/variants in five genes-IL36RN, CARD14, AP1S3, MPO and SERPINA3-have been reported to be genetic causative or predisposing factors for pustular psoriasis. The pathogenic mechanisms induced by the mutations/variants in these genes are all closely related to the excessive activation of skin innate immunity and autoinflammation. A number of biologics (e.g., tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, IL-17/IL-17 receptor inhibitors and IL-23 inhibitors) and granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis are used to treat pustular psoriasis. Recently, based on novel information on the pathomechanisms of pustular psoriasis, which are mainly associated with autoinflammation, inhibitors of several pathogenic pathways, including of the IL-1, IL-36, IL-8 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor signaling pathways, have been studied as emerging treatments.
Language and Neurocognitive Impairments Associated with Hypothyroidism
Authors: Alfwaress Firas , Muhammad Murtala
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Accumulating clinical evidence has indicated that hypothyroidism was associated with neurocognitive and linguistic impairments; however, these impairments were not reported in Arabic individuals. The aims of the present study were (1) to investigate the patterns of linguistic and neurocognitive impairments associated with hypothyroidism in native speakers of Jordanian Arabic and (2) to examine the accuracy of TFT in confirming a clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Methods: A cross-sectional design with random recruitment of participants from targeted hypothyroid (HT) and euthyroid (ET) groups was conducted. Clinical evaluation of hypothyroidism was obtained via a structured questionnaire followed by TFT. Evaluation measures included digit span, confrontation naming, color naming, auditory and visual memory, and visual recognition tasks. The HT group comprised 36 participants including 8 males and 28 females with a ratio of 1:3.5. Their age ranged between 5.11 and 10.7 years (M = 7.7, SD = ±1.4). The ET group included an equal number of participants in terms of age and gender, their age ranged between 5.9 and 10.8 years (M = 7.6, SD = ±1.5). Results: Results revealed significant differences between the two experimental groups in all of the linguistic and neurocognitive tasks. The HT showed 10- and 26-s delayed responses on a timed color naming and visual recognition tasks compared to the ET group, whereas the ET group showed larger scores compared to the HT on the digit span, confrontation naming, auditory memory, and visual memory tasks. Differences were 2.2, 4, 1.7, and 3 points, respectively. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism influences linguistic and neurocognitive functions mainly naming ability, working memory, and auditory and visual processes needed for learning. Clinicians ought to be attentive to these impacts when designing screening and therapy protocols for children with hypothyroidism. Furthermore, TSH showed higher prediction of hypothyroidism and may be used in favor of FT3 and FT4.
Distinctly Entangled
Authors: Jennings Carolyn Dicey
Published: October 2022

Pessoa envisions an approach to neuroscience that treats the brain as an “interactionally complex system”: a system that cannot be understood through analysis and manipulation of its parts. I provide reason to support Pessoa's overall approach while putting pressure on some of the specific claims.
Fá Divination, Well-being, and Coolness in Bénin, West Africa
Authors: Landry Timothy R.
Published: October 2022

For more than 40 years the relationships that exist between divination and knowledge have become central to anthropology’s understanding of African religious practice. This paper deemphasizes the commonly mobilized ‘divination as knowledge’ trope in favor of highlighting its role in achieving well-being. Indeed, I argue that by focusing on divination as a way of knowing ethnographers have inadvertently ignored what happens after said knowledge is acquired. It is these moments that I find to be at the heart of divination’s enduring value. Through an analysis of divination rituals, initiations, and material objects, alternative ways to examining divination in the West African rain forest are considered and explored. Looking to Fá divination, one of the major oracular systems employed by Fon speakers in the Republic of Bénin, I turn my attention to the ways in which divination helps individuals fulfill their destinies and achieve goodness in the world. In this way I argue that West African systems of divination are only secondarily about knowledge and first and foremost about achieving a sense of balance (coolness) and well-being.
Tobacco Control and The Council of Europe: the Potential and Limits of the Collective Complaints Procedure of the European Social Charter
Authors: Bosi Giulia
Published: October 2022

The role of the Council of Europe (CoE) in tobacco control remains largely unexplored. This paper aims to fill this gap, focusing on the CoE’s European Social Charter. Article 11 of the Charter protects the right to health, and adequate tobacco control measures are necessary to respect this article. This paper examines the potential and limits of the Collective Complaints procedure, one of the two monitoring mechanisms of the Charter, as a means to evaluate the compliance of national tobacco control measures with Article 11. It demonstrates that, so far, this mechanism has never been used in this way. However, although the Collective Complaints procedure presents several drawbacks, it should not be underestimated. Indeed, it possesses certain features, such as the collective nature of the complaint and the lack of the requirement of the exhaustion of domestic remedies, which might make it a particularly suitable tool for the abovementioned purpose.
Compromises and Asymmetries in the European Health Data Space
Authors: Terzis Petros
Published: October 2022

In the post-pandemic world, the ability of researchers to reuse, for the purposes of scientific research, data that had been collected by others and for different purposes has rightfully become a policy priority. At the same time, new technologies with tremendous capacity in data aggregation and computation open new horizons and possibilities for scientific research. It is in this context that the European Commission published in May 2022 its proposal for a sector-specific regulation aiming at establishing the legal landscape and governance mechanisms for the secondary use of health data within the European Union. The ambitious project is centred on administrative efficiency and aspires to unleash the potential of new technologies. However, the quest for efficiency usually comes with privacy compromises and power asymmetries and the case of the European Health Data Space Regulation is no different. This paper draws attention to some of these compromises and suggests specific amendments.
Guiding Environmental Messaging by Quantifying the Effect of Extreme Weather Events on Public Discourse Surrounding Anthropogenic Climate Change
Authors: Noviello Andrew , Menghani Sameer , Choudhri Shaan , Lee Ian , Mohanraj Bhushan , Noviello Alexander
Published: October 2022

Anthropogenic climate change promises to bring existential changes to human society in the coming years. One such example of these changes is the increasing frequency of extreme weather capable of causing significant damage. Despite this, many Americans are acutely unaware of the relationship between climate change and extreme weather events, perhaps because of a lack of direct messaging about it. This study analyzed the effects of natural disasters on climate change discussion sentiment and volume through news media and Twitter posts. The study hypothesized that specific major natural disasters would lead to increases in the number of climate change–related Twitter posts and news articles, as well as more positive climate sentiment, indicative of belief in the severity of global warming. Through an analysis of almost 35 million climate change–related tweets and 300 000+ news articles, along with the collection of over 130 million natural-disaster-related tweets published in the United States between 2010 and 2020, media volume rose an average of 10% around specific extreme weather events, corroborating the first aspect of the hypothesis. The ratio of positive to negative sentiment tweets, however, decreased, suggesting the tendency of extreme weather to elicit more response from climate change deniers than supporters. Thus, increased climate change discussion around major natural disasters represents a missed opportunity for continuing to drive forward climate change messaging and awareness in the United States.

Significance Statement

Extreme weather events threaten Americans’ lives and livelihoods. In turn, anthropogenic climate change has been shown to amplify the frequency and intensity of these weather events, creating uncertainty for communities across the country. Despite the proven connection between climate change and natural disasters, public messaging often fails to leverage anxiety over extreme weather to drive support for environmental action. This study sought to quantify the media relationships of climate change and natural disasters to inform awareness strategies.
Response Rates of Invasive Lobular Cancer in Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Endocrine or Chemotherapy
Authors: Jakub James W. , Zhang Wenexia , Solanki Malvika , Yonkus Jennifer , Boughey Judy C. , Harmsen Scott , Giridhar Karthik V.
Published: October 2022

Background

A gap remains in the role of neoadjuvant therapy for patients with ILC.

Method

Single-institution retrospective review of patients with ILC who received neoadjuvant therapy between 2008 and 2019.

Results

141 patients met inclusion criteria: 71 neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and 70 neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET). 7/71 (9.9%) patients had a pCR following NACT compared to 1/70 (1.4%) with NET ( P = .063). pCR was observed in 5/18 (27.8%) patients with Her2Neu-positive disease following NACT, compared to 2/53 (3.8%) with Her2Neu-negative disease ( P = .01). For luminal B tumors, median Ki-67 decrease was similar following NACT and NET (18.3 vs 16.3, P = .26). T category decreased in 59 (42.1%) patients following neoadjuvant therapy, increased in 9 (6.4%), and was unchanged in 72 (51.4%). More patients had an increase (28.6%) than decrease (12.1%) in their N category, including 13/60 (21.7%) who were clinically node-negative at diagnosis and identified to have node-positive disease following neoadjuvant therapy, at definitive surgery.

Conclusion

In Her2Neu-negative ILC, the potential of a pCR with NACT or NET is low. Most patients’ nodal status and tumor size remain unchanged. There is a potential for pathologic stage to be higher at surgery compared to the clinical stage prior to neoadjuvant therapy.
“It’s All About Just Creating the Safe Space”: Barbershops and Beauty Salons as Community Anchors in Black Neighborhoods: Crime Prevention, Cohesion, and Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Boehme Hunter M. , Williams Tameka V. , Brown Natalie , Kidd Lekendra , Hernandez Bryceson , Nolan Melissa S.
Published: October 2022

We conducted 13 in-depth qualitative interviews with Black owners of barbershops or beauty salons within predominantly Black neighborhoods to explore the social mechanisms that aid in suppressing crime. Four emergent themes arose: (1) community anchors and safe havens, (2) violence interrupters, (3) life counselors, and (4) COVID-19 disruption and lessons of resiliency. Findings from this study contribute to the theoretical and empirical literature focused on “local institutions” and the importance of these businesses in building informal social control within Black communities. Further, these findings enhance our understanding of underlying place-based crime prevention mechanisms. This study promotes these institutions as key components in future crime prevention and public health interventions.
Independent Contracting, Self-Employment, and Gig Work: Evidence from California Tax Data
Authors: Bernhardt Annette , Campos Christopher , Prohofsky Allen , Ramesh Aparna , Rothstein Jesse
Published: October 2022

The authors use de-identified data from California personal income tax returns to measure the frequency and nature of independent contracting and self-employment in California. They identify this work by the presence of a Schedule C on the tax return and/or the receipt of a Form 1099 information return. The authors estimate that 14.4% of California workers aged 18 to 64 in tax year 2016 had some independent contracting or self-employment income and approximately half of this subgroup also had earnings from traditional W-2 jobs during the year. Only a small share (1.4%) of workers had earnings from online labor platforms (often called gig work). Workers with low earnings were significantly more likely to earn independent contracting or self-employment income and to rely primarily or exclusively on that income. The article explores the characteristics of workers engaging in independent contracting and self-employment and their distribution across family type, geography, and industry.
Outlier rejection for reducing position error in navigation system based on multi sensors
Authors: Ji Dae-Hyeong , Jeong Sang-Ki , Choi Hyeung-Sik , Lee Jung-Han , Ko Sung-Hyub , Hyeon Jong-Wu , Kim Myung-Jun
Published: October 2022

A navigation system is critical for the operation of autonomous vehicles. Various sensors must be used to build navigation systems. To fuse multiple sensors, a highly advanced filter algorithm is required. Navigation systems have difficulties in signal-degraded scenarios, where the navigation solution can be degraded by errors such as multipath and obscured signals. This paper proposes a navigation system using a technique to reject the outliers measured by sensors. The navigation system was designed to include sensor modeling, navigation filters, and outlier rejection. The sensors used in the navigation system are the accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, and global positioning system. Before the experiment, a navigation simulation was performed to evaluate the results and validate the proposed navigation algorithm. The results of the experiment verified that the navigation system, including outlier rejection, had less positional error than that of the general navigation system.
Information Disclosure in the Era of Voice Technology
Authors: Melzner Johann , Bonezzi Andrea , Meyvis Tom
Published: October 2022

Whenever consumers interact with technological devices connected to the internet, they disclose information about themselves. The rapid diffusion of voice technology is shifting the way consumers interact with technological devices from typing or clicking to speaking. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of how this shift from manual to oral communication with technology affects information disclosure. The authors first consider verbal disclosure and provide a conceptual framework that explicates how voice technology can influence consumers’ propensity to reveal information about themselves through semantic content disclosed voluntarily. They then consider nonverbal disclosure and provide an analysis of how voice technology enables the collection of information revealed unintentionally through vocal paralanguage and ambient sound. The article offers testable propositions and poses open research questions that can serve as impetus for future research. In addition, it provides insights to marketers regarding how to navigate voice technology as a source of consumer information and to policy makers regarding how to better protect consumer privacy in interactions with voice technology.
Ghost Fat: Altered Female Body Perception After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Souza André Luiz L. , de Souza Perciliany M. , Mota Bruna E. F. , Xavier Christian L. F. , Santiago Fernando G. , Oliveira Juliano S. , Borges Samir A. , Bearzoti Eduardo , Gama Eliane F. , Souza Gabriela G. L.
Published: October 2022

Body perception is an individual’s ability to recognize their body in attitudinal and/or dimensional aspects. We investigated women’s body perceptions before and after bariatric surgery. Participants were 31 women ( M age = 36.23, SD = 7.95 years old) with an average pre-operative body mass index of 44.58 ( SD = 4.65) kg/m2. We collected anthropometric and body perception measures (attitudinal body image [ABI] and dimensional body image [DBI]) before bariatric surgery and 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after it. There was an average decrease of 21.09% in participants’ body weight over the 120 days. Regarding ABI, 51.61% of participants had high body dissatisfaction before surgery, and this proportion of dissatisfied participants decreased to 3.23% 120 days after surgery. We observed no statistically significant differences in DBI perceptions. Fast weight loss caused by bariatric surgery appeared to generate a perception of ghost fat. Somatosensory interventions and/or a longer follow-up are needed to alter this persistent distortion of body dimensions.
Multiculturalism and Diversity in Integration Journals: A Content Analysis of JPT and JPC, 1973–2020
Authors: Shelton Andrew J. , Dwiwardani Carissa
Published: October 2022

Multiculturalism has emerged as a central focus in psychology and theology, although the field of integration has been slower to embrace it. In this article, we explore the literature at the intersection of multiculturalism, psychology, and theology using a content analysis. Multicultural article titles and abstracts from the Journal of Psychology and Theology (JPT) and the Journal of Psychology and Christianity (JPC) were examined from their first issues (1973 and 1982, respectively) through 2020 ( N = 2,333). Multicultural content was identified in 18.0% of the articles ( n = 395) with a growing trend across time (11.4% in the 1970s to 22.9% in the 2010s). Of the eight identity domains, gender/sex was the most represented (4.4% of all articles), followed by articles on age (children/adolescents or older adults, 4.2%), global/international (2.8%), non-evangelical religion/spirituality (2.8%), sexual orientation (2.7%), race/ethnicity (1.6%), physical and cognitive/neurological disability (1%), and social class (0.5%). The remaining articles (1%) included multicultural content more generally (e.g., training, multicultural competence, social justice). Results suggest that JPT and JPC have made advances in multiculturalism content, although it remains relatively lower than in mainstream psychology journals. Findings are discussed with a critical analysis and with implications for the future integration of psychology and theology.
Stuck in Temporal Translation? Challenges of discrepant temporal structures in interorganizational project collaboration
Authors: Dille Therese , Hernes Tor , Vaagaasar Anne Live
Published: October 2022

The effects of different temporal structures among actors in interorganizational projects can be hugely consequential, especially for large societal projects. By applying a temporal translation view to a real-time study of an interorganizational project, we studied the influence of differences between such structures during the collaboration. We found that the three participating organizations, having distinctly different temporal structures, adopted different modes of translation, which we identified as integrative, adaptive and transformative. These different modes of translation affected dramatically how the project unfolded, as they impacted differently the time and effort required to adapt to common schedules and deadlines. Our study contributes a processual extension of entrainment theory by shedding light on entrainment as ongoing accomplishment enabled by a translation view. It also contributes to a processual understanding of the temporality of interorganizational projects.
Methodologies and Emerging Technologies for the Evaluation of the Hematopoietic System
Authors: Poitout-Belissent Florence , Vitsky Allison , Smith Mark A. , Sirivelu Madhu P.
Published: October 2022

Hematology and bone marrow analysis is central to our understanding of the hematopoietic system and how it responds to insults, and this session presented during the 2022 STP symposium provided a review of current and novel approaches for the evaluation of the hematopoietic system in the context of nonclinical investigations. This publication summarizes the information presented on novel approaches for evaluation of the hematopoietic system using automated hematology analyzers, including details around the quantitative assessment of bone marrow cell suspensions as well as introducing several newly available hematology parameters. It was followed by a discussion on intravital microscopy and live cell imaging and how these methods can assist with de-risking hematopoiesis-associated safety concerns, and a review of recent assays using artificial intelligence for the evaluation of bone marrow.
Open-Population Inference: An Investigation of the Underrepresentation of the Second Generation in Research on Intergenerational Income Mobility
Authors: Sakamoto Arthur , Bloome Deirdre , Amaral Ernesto , Daumler Davis , Yen Shih-Keng
Published: October 2022

Studies about intergenerational income mobility are increasingly popular across the social sciences. These studies require individuals’ own incomes and their parents’ incomes to be observed prospectively across decades. Because this longitudinal observation is less difficult among third-and-higher generation persons than among 1.5- and second-generation persons (particularly undocumented 1.5-generation immigrants), studies of intergenerational income mobility risk underrepresenting 1.5- and second-generation persons. This article investigates this underrepresentation of people from immigrant families and provides an analytic framework that adjusts for this underrepresentation in studies of intergenerational income mobility. Using data on the experiences of two US birth cohorts, early baby boomers (born 1948–1953) and late generation Xers/early millennials (born 1978–1983), we illustrate our method of adjusting for the underrepresentation of 1.5- and second-generation persons. We find that within the late generation-X/early-millennial cohort, the underrepresentation of 1.5- and second-generation persons does not substantially bias intergenerational income mobility estimates. However, inferences about change across cohorts are more affected by the underrepresentation of 1.5- and second-generation persons in data used to estimate intergenerational income mobility because the population shares of these groups grew across the two cohorts. We discuss how our approach can be applied to other settings, including other countries, and to cross-country comparisons. We encourage future research on these comparisons because the underrepresentation of 1.5- and second-generation persons might substantially affect understanding of cross-national income mobility differences.
Immigrant Legal Status among Essential Frontline Workers in the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Allen Ryan , Pacas Jose D. , Martens Zoe
Published: October 2022

Emerging evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has extracted a substantial toll on immigrant communities in the United States, due in part to increased potential risk of exposure for immigrants to COVID-19 in the workplace. In this article, we use federal guidance on which industries in the United States were designated essential during the COVID-19 pandemic, information about the ability to work remotely, and data from the 2019 American Community Survey to estimate the distribution of essential frontline workers by nativity and immigrant legal status. Central to our analysis is a proxy measure of working in the primary or secondary sector of the segmented labor market. Our results indicate that a larger proportion of foreign-born workers are essential frontline workers compared to native-born workers and that 70 percent of unauthorized immigrant workers are essential frontline workers. Disparities in essential frontline worker status are most pronounced for unauthorized immigrant workers and native-born workers in the secondary sector of the labor market. These results suggest that larger proportions of foreign-born workers, and especially unauthorized immigrant workers, face greater risk of potential exposure to COVID-19 in the workplace than native-born workers. Social determinants of health such as lack of access to health insurance and living in overcrowded housing indicate that unauthorized immigrant essential frontline workers may be more vulnerable to poor health outcomes related to COVID-19 than other groups of essential frontline workers. These findings help to provide a plausible explanation for why COVID-19 mortality rates for immigrants are higher than mortality rates for native-born residents.
Neurocognitive Functions in Patients with Comorbid Hepatitis C and Opioid Dependence: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ghosh Abhishek , Mahintamani Tathagata , Rana Devender K. , Basu Debasish , Mattoo Surendra Kumar , Premkumar Madhumita , Singh Geetesh Kumar
Published: October 2022

Background:

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is commonly comorbid with opioid dependence (OD). We wanted to compare the neurocognitive functions of OD subjects with or without HCV [HCV (+), HCV (–)] and healthy controls (HC).

Methods:

We recruited 40 adult subjects (age 18–55 years) in each group. HCV(+) group had a detectable viral load. Subjects with HIV or hepatitis B infection, head injury, epilepsy, or comorbid mental illness were excluded. We administered Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), trail-making tests A and B, and verbal and visual N-back tests (NBT) one week after opioid abstinence. The group differences in cognitive performance were adjusted for age and years of education. Effect size (ES) is expressed as Cohen’s D.

Results:

The HCV(+) and HCV(–) groups did not differ in potential effect modifiers (age and years of education) or confounders (age of opioid initiation, duration of use, dependence severity, tobacco use, and cannabis use) of neuropsychological functioning. HCV(+) showed significantly poorer performance than HCV(–) in SPM (P = 0.006; ES = 0.72). Both HCV(+) and HCV(–) performed worse than controls in IGT(P < 0.001; ES = 0.8) and visual NBT[P < 0.01 and ES > 1 for total errors]; HCV(+) had a larger ES of group difference than HCV(–). HCV(+) had higher error scores in verbal NBT than control.

Conclusion:

HCV(+) has poorer general intellectual ability and reasoning than HCV(–) persons and controls. Chronic HCV infection causes a higher magnitude of dysfunction in decision-making and visual working memory in opioid-dependent individuals.
The Prevalence of Comorbidities and Associated Factors among Patients with Dementia in the Indian Setting: Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Varkey Biji P. , Joseph Jaison , Haokip Hoineiting Rebecca , Sharma Suresh K , Mathews Elezebeth , Ameen Shahul , Narasimha Venkata Lakshmi , Dhandapani Manju , Grover Sandeep
Published: October 2022

Background:

Patients with dementia usually have multiple comorbidities. The presence of comorbidities may exacerbate the progression of dementia and decreases the patient’s ability to participate in health maintenance activities. However, there is hardly any meta-analysis estimating the magnitude of comorbidities among patients with dementia in the Indian context.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and relevant studies conducted in India were included. The risk of bias was assessed and a random-effects meta-analysis model was used in which I 2 statistics were calculated to measure heterogeneity among studies.

Results:

Fourteen studies were included in the meta-analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Altogether, we found the coexistence of comorbid conditions such as hypertension (51.10%), diabetes (27.58%), stroke (15.99%), and factors like tobacco use (26.81 %) and alcohol use (9.19%) among patients with dementia in this setting. The level of heterogeneity was high due to differences in the methodologies in the included studies

Conclusions:

Our study found hypertension as the most common comorbid condition among patients with dementia in India. The observed lacuna of methodological limitations in the studies included in the current meta-analysis provides the urgent need for good quality research to successfully meet the challenges ahead while devising appropriate strategies to treat the comorbidities among patients with dementia.
Understanding music teachers’ perceptions of themselves and their work: An Importance–Confidence Analysis
Authors: Ballantyne Julie , Canham Nicole
Published: October 2022

Teachers’ confidence in navigating the complexities of ‘being a teacher’ influence their behaviour, how they are perceived, how they make sense of their environment and circumstances and their successes. A web-based survey was developed and distributed to music teachers via an online community of practice. This paper reports on the respondents’ self-reported confidence through the use of an Importance-Confidence Analysis. The responses of early career music teachers and experienced teachers are also compared to understand confidence over the career. Results show that both early career and later career teachers placed greater importance on pedagogical knowledge and skills relative to professional knowledge and skills and music knowledge and skills. Later career teachers reported greater confidence with respect to pedagogical knowledge and professional knowledge compared with teachers who were early in their career, whereas music knowledge and skills were viewed quite similarly by teachers across the career. The analysis highlights the need for ongoing support for experienced teachers alongside early career teachers. Recommendations are made for ongoing support of teachers throughout their careers.
Impact of fresh frozen plasma transfusion on mortality in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Luo Zhenglian , Qin Li , Xu Shilan , Yang Xinxin , Peng Zhuoyue , Huang Chunyan
Published: October 2022

Background

Patients who receive extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support require substantial transfusions. Red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) transfusions have been reported to be associated with adverse outcomes in ECMO patients. However, little is known about whether the transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is associated with mortality and morbidity among patients receiving ECMO. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between FFP transfusion and mortality in ECMO patients and assess risk factors for the transfusion of FFP.

Methods

The clinical parameters of 116 ECMO patients were collected. The machine learning approach of the Boruta algorithm was employed to select the variables associated with ECMO patients' in-hospital mortality. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify the association between the selected variables and in-hospital mortality. Spearman correlation and backwards stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine parameters contributing to FFP transfusion.

Results

Among the 116 patients who received ECMO support, the in-hospital mortality was 32.8%. The median FFP (mL/kg/d) transfusion was higher in dead patients (5.07, IQR 1.78–8.90) when compared to alive patients (2.16, IQR 0.79–4.66) ( p = 0.007). After adjustment for confounders, FFP transfusion (mL/kg/d) was associated with in-hospital mortality (OR 1.09, 95% CI, 1.01–1.18; p = 0.035). Further analysis found that higher activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), higher levels of uric acid (UA) and lower PLT counts were significant risk factors for FFP transfusion, with estimated values of 0.06 (95% CI, 0.02–0.11; p = 0.009), 0.01 (95% CI, 0.00–0.02; p = 0.003) and −0.03 (95% CI, −0.05--0.01; p = 0.007), respectively.

Conclusion

FFP transfusion is markedly associated with in-hospital mortality among patients receiving ECMO, and higher APTT, higher levels of UA and lower PLT counts are risk factors for FFP transfusion. This suggests that better management of patients' coagulation system and kidney function may reduce the utilization of FFP, thus improving ECMO patient outcomes.
“Never waste a good crisis”: A qualitative study of the impact of COVID-19 on palliative care in seven hospitals using the Dynamic Sustainability Framework
Authors: Holdsworth Laura M , Mui Heather Z , Winget Marcy , Lorenz Karl A
Published: October 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic led to rapid adaptations among palliative care services, but it is unclear how these adaptations vary in relation to their unique organizational contexts.

Aim:

Understand how the pandemic impacted the implementation of new and existing palliative care programs in diverse hospital systems using the Dynamic Sustainability Framework.

Design:

Twelve in-depth interviews with 15 key informants representing palliative care programs from seven hospital systems between April and June 2020.

Setting:

Public, not-for-profit private, community, and academic teaching hospitals in the San Francisco Bay Area with existing palliative care programs that were expanding services to new clinical areas (e.g. new outpatient clinic or community-based care).

Results:

Six themes characterized how palliative care programs were impacted and adapted during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: palliative care involvement in preparing for surge, increased emphasis on advance care planning, advocating for visitors for dying patients, providing emotional support to clinicians, adopting virtual approaches to care, and gaps in chaplaincy support. There was variation in how new and existing programs were able to adapt to early pandemic stresses; systems with new outpatient programs struggled to utilize their programs effectively during the crisis onset.

Conclusions:

The fit between palliative care programs and practice setting was critical to program resiliency during the early stages of the pandemic. Reconceptualizing the Dynamic Sustainability Framework to reflect a bidirectional relationship between ecological system, practice setting, and intervention levels might better guide implementers and researchers in understanding how ecological/macro changes can influence interventions on the ground.
Strategic Orientation: Market Changer or Market Defender?
Authors: Dahlquist Steven , Lehnert Kevin
Published: October 2022

Within a dominant marketing ideology, a firm's strategic orientation is grounded in the exchange of value with potential and existing customers and collaborators. Beyond an overarching value exchange objective, what compels firms to change or not change their strategic orientation? This work explores what external entities influence a firm's strategic orientation, and how do firms interact with those entities? A dynamic framework is presented to articulate the effects of three broad forces (ideology, legitimacy, and criticism) on a firm's strategic orientation. Specifically, a firm's strategic orientation both influences, and is directly influenced by, marketing ideology (i.e., what marketing is) residing within the collective state of mind of the discipline's members (academics, practitioners, consultants, authors, and associations). Legitimacy expressed by a firm's stakeholders via a number of proxies (e.g., market share, stock value, brand equity) serves as a primary objective for firms and therefore influences strategic orientation. Finally, criticism (i.e., critical dialogue and conflict) originating from society at large, serves as a separate force of influence on a firm's strategic orientation, directly and via legitimacy. In an effort to articulate how firms interact with the market, we assert that strategic orientation may be captured by a 2 × 2 matrix characterizing a firm's orientation as response-based (low and high) and change-based (low and high). The dynamic nature of markets is captured in this matrix wherein firms can shift to/from a market changer from/to a market defender.
Pitching compensation system to improve floating offshore wind turbine performance
Authors: Pérez Víctor , Armenta-Déu Carlos
Published: October 2022

In this paper the inﬂuence of the wave oscillation on the behavior of ﬂoating off-shore wind turbine is analyzed. Aerodynamic analysis of forces on wind turbine blade has been carried out as a function of the wind turbine tilt angle due to wave oscillation. This analysis has resulted in a theoretical model based on the variation of the angle of attack which allows the characterization of the turbine under the effect of the oscillation of the sea surface. The results obtained show the inﬂuence of the oscillation in a particular case and its impact on the generated power. Subsequently, a so-called “pitching compensation” system that allows eliminating the effect produced by the variation in the angle of attack and, therefore, minimizing the effect of oscillation on the power generated, is proposed.
Bridging the Gap Between Mesoscopic Transport Planning and Microscopic Traffic Simulation: An Analytical and Numerical Analysis of Traffic Dynamics
Authors: Triebke Henriette , Kromer Markus , Vortisch Peter
Published: October 2022

Usage profiles of shared autonomous fleets will considerably differ from present-day privately owned vehicles. Thus, requirements on powertrain and other vehicle components are expected to change significantly. While there are still no real-world data available, automotive requirement engineering strongly depends on synthetic driving profiles, for example, forwarded by traffic simulation. These simulations, however, are quite challenging as they need to combine multi-modal, large-scale fleet simulations with microscopic traffic modeling to simultaneously produce realistic usage profiles and detailed driving cycles. We aim to combine the two open-source tools MATSim and SUMO to achieve this goal. As an important step in this endeavor, we analyze the consistency of both MATSim and SUMO with regard to traffic dynamics by means of three experiments with an increasing level of complexity: (i) analytically on a homogeneous road segment in the steady-state; (ii) numerically on a homogeneous road segment in the non-stationary state for a synthetic test case; and (iii) numerically for a highly non-linear medium-sized real-world test case in Berlin. We analyze the simulation results with respect to macroscopic flow–density–speed relations. In addition, we also study network impedances for the Berlin test case. We show that the traffic dynamics of MATSim and SUMO behave differently for the various test cases and discuss the implications on our tool-coupling efforts.
Hybrid vacuum-robotic forming of reinforced composite laminates
Authors: Elkington Michael P , Mistry Preetum J , Johnson Michael S , Ou Hengan
Published: October 2022

A methodology is presented to implement robotic actuators into diaphragm forming of composite laminates. This Hybrid Vacuum-Robotic (HyVR) process is specifically targeted to prevent ‘bridging’ type defects. Examples are presented of successfully forming laminates with deep concave features that would otherwise be impossible by diaphragm forming. The robotically controlled end effectors apply localised pressure to concave regions during the diaphragm forming process. This force application is analogous to the incremental sheet forming process. A generalised methodology is presented which can be applied to develop a bespoke HyVR process for a specific mould. It can then inform what type of end effector should be used and how to apply it within the HyVR process. A key development included in this methodology is the use of the robot to ‘pin’ the laminate to the mould, preventing any unwanted movement. This process could enable automated production of more complex components using diaphragm forming, taking advantage of its lower tooling and equipment costs.