bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAḤMÛD ABÛ RAYYAH DAN KRITISISME HADIS
Authors: Anam Wahidul
Published: December 2019

Maḥmûd Abû Rayyah comes to the study of ḥadîth as a controversial scholar. His criticism has made a significant change in modern period in which his critics are directed towards some literatures and early ḥadîth scholars (râwî). One of the making polemic in his study is his critical study on the authenticity of ḥadîth in Bukhârî’s book, Ṣahîḥ Bukhârî. It is not only Bukhârî whom his critics are pointed out, but also Abû Hurayrah, a person who has narrated so many ḥadîth and become the most cited name in ḥadîth literatures. This paper would shed light on the epistemological view of Abû Rayyah in ḥadîth criticism. It highlights three branches of ḥadîth studies: authenticity, reliability and historical analysis. This study suggests that Abû Rayyah put al-sunnah al-hudâ (a living tradition of Muḥammad which is related to ‘aqîdah and sharî‘ah) as a main tool for validity to determine the authenticity of ḥadîth. In this case, every ḥadîth which contradicts to this value should be rejected. Further he said that ḥadîth codification did not take place in the period prior to al-Zuhrî. The political pressure is one of the reasons why al-Zuhrî and other Muslims are militant to write and collect Muḥammad traditions of ḥadîth.
RASIONALITAS ALQURAN DALAM TAFSIR AN-NUR: STUDI PENAFSIRAN SURAH AL-NISÂ’ [4]: 1
Authors: Razali Muhammad Syahrial
Published: December 2019

The Islamic scholars seems to impose the “discriminative” standard over the exegesis sanad (chain of narrators), where they accepts it loosely without restricted requirements as applied in ḥadîth sanad. It is basically caused by the character of Qur’an itself as revealed in Arabic language, which is naturally resulting in the domination of reasoning (‘aql) in interpreting and explaining its meanings (rational exegesis). But the problem here is when some rationalists scholars easily refused the authentic ḥadîth just because it is in contrary to their reasoning or principles, even though the ḥadîth undoubtedly has a significant role in interpreting the Qur’an. This paper attempts to analyze the exegesis thought of Teungku Muhammad Hasbi as appeared in his book of tafsir named “Tafsir An-Nur” through his explanation of the first verses of surah al-Nisâ’; and to know to what extend his thought was influenced by rationalists. By using an analytical method, this research found that the thought of Teungku Muhammad Hasbi was influenced by rationalist scholars in interpreting the Qur’an because of deep relationship established between him and them
DERADIKALISASI PEMAHAMAN ALQURAN: PENDAMPINGAN MASYARAKAT RAWAN TERPENGARUH GERAKAN ISLAM GARIS KERAS
Authors: Lutfiyah Lujeng , Tamam Ahmad Badrut , Muniroh Alimul
Published: December 2019

Violence and radicalism in the name of religion which leads to terrorism has emerged as a complicated issue in contemporary Indonesian Islam. The emergence and development of radicalism were actually caused by a lack of understanding of the Qur’an. The verse of the Qur’an has been interpreted textually and partially. This, by far, are happened in Paciran Lamongan in the recent years. Reconstruction of understanding verse of the Qur’an on vulnerable communities that is easily affected by movement of Islamic radicalism has been properly carried out, so that it can give a new atmosphere, and it can be the prevention to face the violence movement. Deradicalization of understanding to the Qur’an is a solution-based action to prevent violence and radicalism in the name of religion.
ISLAM WASAṬÎYAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF HADIS: Dari Konsep Menuju Aplikasi
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah
Published: December 2019

This article tries to explain the concept of Islamic wasaṭîyah (Islamic moderate) from the prophetic ḥadîth point of view. It, then, attempts to elaborate the prophet’s attitudes and sayings which have to do with the issue of moderation. It should be noted that many researches have focused more on the polemical ḥadîth that are mistreated by some radical Muslims to legitimate their arguments, but are little to investigate the moderation side of the ḥadîth. Methodologically, the article employs thematic method to collect ḥadîth from the classical book and then analyze it by the contextual frame. By searching of the terminological explanation of moderation, it can be summarized that the prophetic ḥadîth has little to say about moderation in term of wasaṭîyah, but there has ample of word which is equivalent to the term, that is al-qaṣd. Those ḥadîth has brought several principles and characteristics, such like al-khayrîyah (chosen), al-‘adâlah (fairness), al-tasâmuḥ (tolerant attitude), al-tawâzun (balance), al-istiqâmah (consistency), and raf‘ al-ḥaraj (eliminating difficulties). Those principles are significant in terms of demonstrating the peaceful life and arguing the violent and intolerant conducts. The contextual analysis of the ḥadîth has argued that those values should be put on the universal principles which Islam has come along with.
KRITIK SHAḤRUR TERHADAP KONSEP SUNNAH
Authors: Iswahyudi Iswahyudi
Published: December 2019

Shaḥrûr methodology and legal implications have been widely written by researchers, but only some researchers elaborate Sunnah in depth analysis. In discussing Sunnah, Shaḥrûr mentioned the problems that have serious implications, such, whether all the words, actions and silence of Muhammad is the result of revelation or ijtihâd of Muhammad himself? Shaḥrûr assumed that Sunnah is actually the result of ijtihâd of Muhammad himself and it is not revelation. Therefore, definition that has been established on Sunnah (everything that comes from Muhammad either of the words, deeds and statutes) is not appropriate. Dissolving this definition for Shaḥrûr became possible because these definitions are not made by Muhammad himself, but by the next generations. According to him, Sunnah is derived from the word sanna which means the ease and flow smoothly. Thus, what is said, done and set by Muhammad is an example of how such limits practiced in space and time of Muhammad. He is not the last and not the only laws that must be done. Based on the definition that has been made, Shaḥrûr divided Sunnah into two categories, namely sunnah risâlah and sunnah nubûwah. Sunnah risâlah maintains on law, morals, and good manners, while sunnah nabûwah preserves objective sciences. Further, it implies that the adherence to sunnah risâlah is an obligation, adherence to sunnah nubûwah is non-compulsory.
PERILAKU LESBIAN DALAM NORMATIVITAS HADIS
Authors: Miski Miski
Published: December 2019

This article aims to explore the ḥadîth thematically on the act of lesbianism in the normative roots. The methods used are operationally by generating ḥadîths that are related to the topic, making typology, defining the primary ḥadîth, takhrîj, and analyzing it in textual and contextual perspective. This article finds that some ḥadîth which are talking straightly on lesbianism are narrated by al-Ṭabrânî. It suggests that the act of lesbianism is a sinful deeds that are similar to the act of sexual intercourse (zinâ). In the wide analysis, it can be noted that Islam does not give space for making it legal for the doers of lesbianism. It is not only because the act of lesbianism has been considered as deviation from the nature of human sexual orientation, but also because it certainly contradicts to the basic legal of human relation. Otherwise, there are ample of ḥ adîth giving instruction to prevent people from such action, that is by not to open and look at other human genitals (‘awrat), not to have body contact  that arouse sexual desire, and to emerge awarness of sexual identity and sexs by not to follow the deeds or dressing the opposite gender clothes.
REKONSTRUKSI PEMAHAMAN HADIS GHADIR KHUM
Authors: Noorhidayati Salamah
Published: December 2019

Hadith ghadir khum is the culmination of a dispute between Sunni and Shi’ite. This article tries to analysis comprehensively the hadith by elaborating understanding in two perspectives: exploring the factors that cause these differences and re-understandinging the interpretation hadith. This study found that there were differences in understanding between the Sunni and Shi’ite schools in understanding the hadith. This difference is at least caused by two things, namely: the context of the hadith and the meaning of the word maul. According to the Sunnis, this hadith contains a warning from the Prophet to his people to love and help one another (having walâ’- muwalât) and not hating and opposing each other (mu’âdat). Meanwhile, according to Shi’ah, this hadith is considered a moment in which the Prophet directly named Ali as a successor and successor to the leadership after the Prophet. Reconstruction of understanding is done through two things, namely the historical reconstruction and reinterpretation of the meaning of the womb. Overall, the ghadir khum hadith is interpreted as a form of the Prophet’s love for the people and their families. The love of his people is proven by his will in the form of thaqalain, namely al-Kitab (Alquran) and love for his family with the intention to make Ali (representation of ahl al-bait) as maulâ (friend, lover) of Muslims.
Interpretasi Global Hadis Rukyat Hilal
Authors: Rusmin Pranoto Hidaya , Rohman Arief Syaichu , Herdiwijaya Dhani , Khaerani Izzah Faizah Siti Rusydati , Pahlevi Reza , Darmawan Dadang
Published: December 2019

Before Islamic Calendar begins, Muslims were used to wait for the earliest visible crescent (hilâl), which marks the beginning of Ramadan. The determination of the beginning of Ramadan is based on the rukyat al-hilâl hadith. Because the hilâl visibility on the earth surface is not the same, it results the differences on the beginning of Ramadan fasting. In addition, the sighting hilâl method can only determine the next 29 days, it cannot reach for the next month and even for the next year. These are the main reasons for re-interpretation of the rukyat al-hilâl hadith from global perspective. From this study, it is found that the context in the Qur’an, related to the Ramadan fasting, is fasting in one full month, 29 or 30 days, according to the duration of the lunar synodic cycle. However, the condition of the people and the science at that time has not developed yet, which is the cause of calculation (h}isâb) verses in the Qur’an cannot be used. When they have developed, the calculation verses in the Qur’an can be used to determine the number of days in a calendar month. This will produce a global calendar for mankind.
Prospek Kajian Hadis di Peguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Suryadilaga Muhammad Alfatih
Published: December 2019

Along with the development of the era of the study of hadith today, it is increasingly interesting and has good prospects because of the special institutional development in universities, where currently the hadith science study program is separate from the interpretation study program. The realm of hadith study studies is also growing well, where in its history it has produced studies on the science of hadith and certain hadith books. At present the study of hadith science not only examines the region but it also develops into the realm of studies which contextualize and understand in a society known as living hadith. In addition, technological developments make the study of hadith easily accessible to the public, so that they can carry out the teachings brought by the Prophet Muhammad. In addition, the development of the study of hadith correlated with the media is quite popular today, where the reviewers of hadith no longer dwell on the academic dimension, but they penetrate the use of social media in disseminating the results of the hadith studies conducted.
Reinterpretasi Kontroversi Kepemimpinan non-Muslim dalam Alquran
Authors: Rodin Dede
Published: December 2019

This article aimed to explore several kinds of understanding and interpretation towards the Qur’anic idea on non-Muslim leadership. Some Muslim scholars’ respond would be a case of study to see their logical reason and their interpretation of the Qur’an on the issue of non-Muslim leadership. The study obtained the following conclusions: first, there are some gaps or perhaps a shifting paradigm between the classical idea of non-Muslim with the modern scholars. Those who lived in the modern times, to some extent, are holding an inclusive idea to allow non-Muslim be a leader in Muslim society. This is because they see that the command of the Qur’an to forbid non-Muslim to hold a leadership is limited to whom they are hostile to Islam and Muslims. Hence the act of banning should not be apllied in general. On the other hand, the historical context of the verse (sabab al-nuzûl) also suggests that the nuance of confrontation between Muslims and non-Muslims is part of the consisting code of conduct at that time, so that the verses above should be put into consideration if the conditions are in peace.
Kontribusi M. Syuhudi Ismail dalam Kontekstualisasi Pemahaman Hadis
Authors: Amrulloh Amrulloh
Published: December 2019

This article deals with the contextual understanding of Syuhudi Ismail to the ḥadîth. Syuhudi is one of the inspired Indonesian Muslim scholars who has high attention to the study of h}adîth. His work entitled Hadis Nabi yang Tekstual dan Kontekstual: Telaah Ma’anil Hadis tentang Ajaran Islam yang Universal, Temporal dan Lokal, has been considered as one of the most valuable contributions in promoting the dynamic, progressive and universal understanding of Islam. By applying descriptive-comparative analysis and contextual approach, this article finds that Syuhudi’s contributions in formulating the concept and practice of contextual understanding of the ḥadîth are quite different from other Muslim scholars. This is due to the basic assumption of Syuhudi’s understanding that the prophet has several roles at the mean time, the necessity of applying universal value of Islam, and the actual change of the society. This, in turn, brings Syuhudi’s contextual understanding into the idea of differentiated meanings of the ḥadîth which are universal, local and temporal.
Metode Riwayat bi al-Ma‘nâ dan Hadis Populer di Indonesia: Studi Hadis-hadis Maulid Rasulullah
Authors: Akmaluddin Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Peripheral areas such as Indonesia are in necessity to have more understanding of hadith content (matn) than on knowledge of hadith in its complexity. The long distance of knowledge dissemination, development and codification of hadith period in Indonesia, than in the Arabian Peninsula, caused many scholars to prioritize hadith studies in its understandable form, which is more practical, than in its theoretical one. Based on the study of hadith of maulid nabi (prophet’s birthday) in Indonesia, it strongly suggests that understanding and practicing hadith are more important than studying of hadith knowledge. Popular hadith of maulid consists of several hadiths and several comments (sharh}). Those hadiths are then compiled and summarized to be one simple sentence. This sentence is then considered as hadith, and people could be easily understand and memorize it. The same method is also applied in the writing and teaching of hadith books. This compilation and summary seem to be an inverted proof of isnâd-cum-matn, which argues that the transmission of hadith is an ongoing process of oral words along the times.
Analisis Historis Kemunculan dan Pelembagaan Ziyādat al-Thiqqah dalam Studi Hadis
Authors: Anshori Muhammad
Published: December 2019

This paper examines the origins of ziyâdat al-thiqqah and its institutionalization in hadith studies. The term of ziyâdat al-thiqqah was firstly initiated by al-Bukhârî in the middle age of the third century of Hijrah. At first, ziyâdat al-thiqqah was used to mean as adding sanad (chain of hadith narrators). But later, the term was also used in terms of matn (main text of hadith), which begins to be institutionalized in the 7th century of Hijriah. The goal of al-Bukhârî in setting up the term is to assert that the narrator should only receive the additional thiqqah narrators. This could also be a strategy of anticipation to minimize a counterfeiting of Prophet’s traditions. With the existence of ziyâdat al-thiqqah, it certainly brings influences on the narration of Hadith. This study finds that there are three implications of ziyâdat al-thiqqah in Hadith studies: the reconstruction of the theory of maqbûl, the acceptance of ziyâdat al-thiqqah as a form of variation, and the confirmation of the existence of al-isnâd al-‘âlî and al-isnâd al-nâzil.
Ragam Pemaknaan Jihad dalam Kitab Fatḥ al-Bârî dan Irshâd al-Sârî
Authors: Muna Moh. Nailul
Published: December 2019

This paper aims to provide new meanings on jihad in the Ḣadîth. From many explanations of jihad, it is rarely found the study of jihad in the perspective of explanatory books of Ḣadîth (sharḥ), which is actually the interpretation of the main Hadith books. This study employs the books of sharḥ in comparative framework, that is to compare the meanings of jihad presented in the book of Fatḥ al-Barî and Irshâd al-Sârî, which are considered as the most representative book to explain S{aḥîḥ al-Bukhârî. Based on reading those two books, it was found that jihad is not similar with war, and also does not only mean to fight unbelievers. Besides, it also means to fight against demons and lust in every single Muslim soul. The last meaning argues the incompatibility understanding of jihad as a war, as it is common in social perception. By tracking the socio-historical side, it is explained in both books that the law of jihad are farḍ ‘ayn or farḍ kifâyah, which is based on the contextual situation.
Hadis Khilâfah dan Relasinya terhadap Kontestasi Politik Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) Pasca-Perpu Nomor 2 Tahun 2017
Authors: Muqtada Muhammad Rikza
Published: December 2019

After the dissolution of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, sympathizers of HTI tried to appeal in various ways. One of them is to build the opinions through the dakwah media of HTI about the authenticity of al-Khilâfah al-Islâmîyah sources in the religious narratives. This propaganda means that the political system fought for by HTI is a part of the Islamic Shari‘a which have to be defended, rejecting it means kufr. However, the legality of khilâfah’s source is problematic. The Qur’an does not mention it, while the hadith that mentions the khilâfah is more problematic. The hadith of khilâfah only narrated by Ah}mad b. H{anbal on his book. This Ḥadîth arises due to the attitude of Ḥabîb b. Salîm who looked for face in front of ‘Umar b. Abd al-‘Azîz as the khalifah claimed by ‘alâ minhâj al-nubuwwah. The triumph at that time was dreamed by HTI to be re-realized. To realize that vision, HTI interprets the religious texts to the political platform that means has mixed religious functions and political functions become one.
A new double-step method for solving complex Helmholtz equation
Authors: SALİMİ SİAHKOALAEİ Tahereh , KHOJASTEH SALKUYEH Davod
Published: December 2019

We present a new double-step iteration method for solving the systems of linear equations that arise from finite difference discretizations of the complex Helmholtz equations. Convergence analysis of the method is discussed. An upper bound on the spectral radius of the iteration matrix of the method is presented and the parameter which minimizes this upper bound is computed. The proposed method is compared theoretically and numerically with some existing methods.******************************************************************************
An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Two-Stage, Multicenter, Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of TLC388 and Genomic Analysis for Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinomas
Authors: Chen Ming-Huang , Chou Wen-Chi , Hsiao Chin-Fu , Jiang Shih Sheng , Tsai Hui-Jen , Liu Yi-Chang , Hsu Chiun , Shan Yan-Shen , Hung Yi-Ping , Hsich Chia-Hsun , Chiu Chao-Hua , Liu Ta-Chih , Cho Shih-Feng , Liu Tsang-Wu , Chao Yee
Published: December 2019

Background

The discovery of effective therapeutic options for treating metastatic poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) after prior platinum-based chemotherapy remains elusive. This study analyzed the efficacy of TLC388 (Lipotecan) Hydrochloride, a novel camptothecin analog, for pretreated patients with metastatic NEC.

Methods

This single-arm, two-stage, phase II clinical trial was conducted at four community and academic centers in Taiwan. Patients aged 20 years or older with confirmed metastatic NEC and who had received prior systemic therapy with etoposide plus cisplatin were enrolled between July 2015 and May 2018. Patients received 40 mg/m2 of TLC388 intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxic effects. Gene mutations were analyzed by next-generation sequencing.

Results

Twenty-three patients with a median age of 61 (range, 44–73) years, 18 of whom were men (78%), were enrolled. Patients received a median of 2 (range, 0–6) treatment cycles. Among 20 evaluable patients, 3 patients exhibited stable disease and no patient experienced a complete or partial remission, resulting in a disease control rate of 15%. Median progression-free survival was 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4–15) months, and the median overall survival was 4.3 (95% CI, 1.7–15) months. The most common treatment-related hematologic adverse events at grade 3 or higher were leukopenia (22.7%), anemia (31.8%), and thrombocytopenia (18.2%). The most frequent mutated genes in 35 patients with NEC were ARSA, DPYD, HEXB, BRCA1, HPD, MYBPC3, BBS2, IL7R, HSD17B4, and PRODH.

Conclusion

TLC388 demonstrates limited antitumor activity in metastatic NEC. ClinicalTrials.gov  identifier: NCT02457273.

Implications for Practice

Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are rare and aggressive. Currently, effective therapeutic options for treating metastatic poorly differentiated NECs beyond platinum-based chemotherapy remain elusive. In this single-arm, multicenter, phase II study, 23 patients with NEC were enrolled and received TLC388 (Lipotecan) Hydrochloride, which is a novel camptothecin analog. The results demonstrated the disease control rate of 15%, the median progression-free survival of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4–15) months, and the median overall survival of 4.3 (95% CI, 1.7–15) months. Most importantly, several novel genetic mutations and pathways were identified. These results offer the opportunity to develop future treatment strategies in this rare cancer.
Early Steroid Withdrawal in Deceased-Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients with Delayed Graft Function
Authors: Bae Sunjae , Garonzik Wang Jacqueline M. , Massie Allan B. , Jackson Kyle R. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara A. , Brennan Daniel C. , Lentine Krista L. , Coresh Josef , Segev Dorry L.
Published: December 2019

Significance Statement

Early steroid withdrawal (ESW) is a maintenance immunosuppression strategy to avoid the sequelae of long-term steroid use in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Recipients with delayed graft function (DGF) may have a suboptimal allograft milieu, which may alter the risk/benefit equation of ESW. In this nationwide study, the authors found use of ESW in recipients with DGF varied at United States transplant centers. The authors also identified differences in outcomes after ESW in patients with and without DGF. Among recipients with immediate graft function, ESW was associated with possible harms such as increased rejection and benefits such as decreased mortality. However, among recipients with DGF, ESW was associated only with possible harms, including increased acute rejection and graft failure. Recipients with DGF also saw no change mortality with ESW. Our findings suggest ESW is harmful in KT recipients with DGF.

Background

Early steroid withdrawal (ESW) is associated with acceptable outcomes in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Recipients with delayed graft function (DGF), however, often have a suboptimal allograft milieu, which may alter the risk/benefit equation for ESW. This may contribute to varying practices across transplant centers.

Methods

Using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we studied 110,019 adult deceased-donor KT recipients between 2005 and 2017. We characterized the association of DGF with the use of ESW versus continued steroid maintenance across KT centers, and quantified the association of ESW with acute rejection, graft failure, and mortality using multivariable logistic and Cox regression with DGF-ESW interaction terms.

Results

Overall 29.2% of KT recipients underwent ESW. Recipients with DGF had lower odds of ESW (aOR=0.600.670.75). The strength of this association varied across 261 KT centers, with center-specific aOR of <0.5 at 31 (11.9%) and >1.0 at 22 (8.4%) centers. ESW was associated with benefits and harms among recipients with immediate graft function (IGF), but only with harms among recipients with DGF. ESW was associated with increased acute rejection (aOR=1.091.161.23), slightly increased graft failure (aHR=1.011.061.12), but decreased mortality (aHR=0.860.890.93) among recipients with IGF. Among recipients with DGF, ESW was associated with a similar increase in rejection (aOR=1.12; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.23), a more pronounced increase in graft failure (aHR=1.16; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.26), and no improvement in mortality (aHR=1.00; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.07). DGF-ESW interaction was statistically significant for graft failure (P=0.04) and mortality (P=0.003), but not for rejection (P=0.6).

Conclusions

KT centers in the United States use ESW inconsistently in recipients with DGF. Our findings suggest ESW may lead to worse KT outcomes in recipients with DGF.
Territorialización del agronegocio en el Uruguay: una mirada desde la geografía agraria
Authors: Vazquez Sebastián , Ceroni Mauricio Bruno
Published: December 2019

Nuestro objetivo principal es analizar la configuración de los territorios agrarios del agronegocio en el Uruguay para los sectores de la silvicultura, la agricultura de secano y la ganadería vacuna, desde una perspectiva de la geografía agraria. Para ello realizamos una profunda caracterización de las fases del capital, la producción y la circulación de cada uno de los sectores. Los procedimientos empleados fueron, análisis bibliográfico, recolección y sistematización de los datos agropecuarios, y producción de cartografía temática a escala país. Las fuentes de datos fueron principalmente las diversas dependencias del Ministerio de Ganadería Agricultura y Pesca (MGAP). Ello permitió identificar en el espacio agrario del Uruguay los principales procesos de territorialización del agronegocio, evidenciando, por un lado, que existe una clara concentración espacial de los sectores analizados, y por otro lado, una tendencia en la centralización productiva tanto en la fase productiva como circulatoria del capital, caracterizada por el  dominio de capitales transnacionales, reconfigurando los procesos de territorialización históricos del espacio agrario uruguayo.
Agronegocios y tensiones en el territorio pampeano argentino: un análisis desde las relaciones sociales en la producción agropecuaria
Authors: Moreno Manuela
Published: December 2019

En sintonía con transformaciones a nivel mundial, en Argentina las medidas neoliberales, iniciadas en la última dictadura militar y completada en los años 1990, constituyeron la base fundamental para que las transformaciones en el agro cobraran otro impulso.
En este marco se consolida el avance de un nuevo modelo agropecuario, denominado los agronegocios. Si bien diversos estudios marcan como diferentes actores se acercan o distancian respecto a este modelo, en nuestro caso nos proponemos problematizar esta cuestión a partir de espacios productivos concretos, y centrándonos en las prácticas productivas cotidianas en el sector. El estudio, de carácter cualitativo, se realizó en tres partidos de la provincia de Buenos Aires, y se entrevistaron a productores de diferente perfil, relevando un total de 38 explotaciones agropecuarias. En este análisis encontramos un distanciamiento de buena parte de los actores productores, en primer lugar, en la materialización de las lógicas productivas, en segundo, en la forma en que se articulan las relaciones sociales en la esfera de la producción, y, en tercer lugar, en los tipos de empresarios que se conforman a partir de estas dimensiones. Finalmente, señalamos una serie de tensiones entre los diferentes sujetos en el marco del avance de los agronegocios en los territorios.
Cercamentos: Imagens dos camponeses na contemporaneidade do Brasil
Authors: De Moraes María Aparecida , Vasconcellos de Verçoza Lúcio , Reis de Souza Tainá
Published: December 2019

Este artículo analiza los efectos de la expansión del capitalismo agrario en algunas regiones de Brasil, dominadas por las plantaciones de caña de azúcar, soja, eucalipto y ganado. Proponemos una reflexión que va más allá de los aspectos económicos y políticos, considerando que este proceso, tal como sucedió y aún ocurre, se ha basado en la acumulación primitiva a través de la expropiación de tierras, incluidos los bienes comunes, y de las subjetividades de los campesinos, indígenas y quilombolas. El proceso de acumulación primitiva impuesto se caracteriza por la violencia, esclavitud y cercamiento de tierras y cuerpos. La discusión se centrará en la dialéctica conflictiva producida por el cercamiento. Miles de indígenas fueran victimas de masacres y genocidios. La pérdida de condiciones objetivas produce cambios en las relaciones sociales de género, ya que los hombres se ven afectados por la movilidad y las mujeres por la inmovilidad. El control sobre los campesinos convertidos en mano de obra marca sus cuerpos con el timbre de cuerpos mecanizados, dominados por el sufrimiento. Las mujeres quedan en sus granjas rodeadas de plantaciones de agronegocios, relegadas al papel de la reproducción familiar. Los datos resultan de investigaciones empíricas, documentos, historias de vida y relatos orales. La inserción de la esfera reproductiva en el análisis de la acumulación primitiva trae nuevos elementos para la comprensión de las formas de explotación y de la resistencia.
Este artículo analiza los efectos de la expansión del capitalismo agrario en algunas regiones de Brasil, dominadas por las plantaciones de caña de azúcar, soja, eucalipto y ganado. Proponemos una reflexión que va más allá de los aspectos económicos y políticos, considerando que este proceso, tal como sucedió y aún ocurre, se ha basado en la acumulación primitiva a través de la expropiación de tierras, incluidos los bienes comunes, y de las subjetividades de los campesinos, indígenas y quilombolas. El proceso de acumulación primitiva impuesto se caracteriza por la violencia, esclavitud y cercamiento de tierras y cuerpos. La discusión se centrará en la dialéctica conflictiva producida por el cercamiento. Miles de indígenas fueran victimas de masacres y genocidios. La pérdida de condiciones objetivas produce cambios en las relaciones sociales de género, ya que los hombres se ven afectados por la movilidad y las mujeres por la inmovilidad. El control sobre los campesinos convertidos en mano de obra marca sus cuerpos con el timbre de cuerpos mecanizados, dominados por el sufrimiento. Las mujeres quedan en sus granjas rodeadas de plantaciones de agronegocios, relegadas al papel de la reproducción familiar. Los datos resultan de investigaciones empíricas, documentos, historias de vida y relatos orales. La inserción de la esfera reproductiva en el análisis de la acumulación primitiva trae nuevos elementos para la comprensión de las formas de explotación y de la resistencia.
Siparişlerin gecikme tahmini için veri madenciliğine dayalı gerçek zamanlı bir sistem tasarımı ve uygulaması
Authors: TÜRKER Ahmet Kürşad , GÖLEÇ Adem , Aktepe Adnan , Ersöz Süleyman , İpek Mümtaz , ÇAĞIL Gültekin
Published: December 2019

Atölye tipi üretim sistemlerinde
sürekli gelen siparişler, sahip oldukları iş rotasına göre iş merkezlerine
atanarak işlemleri yapılarak üretimi gerçekleşmektedir. Üretim yönetimi
açısından farklı rotalı ürün çeşitliliği ve iş merkezleri sayısının artmasıyla
ortaya çıkan karmaşık ve dinamik yapının gerçek zamanlı izlenmesiyle tespit
edilen sistemin durumuna göre alınacak kararlar daha da önemli hale
getirmektedir. Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi ile birlikte bilişim teknolojileri endüstride
etkin ve etkili olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Endüstri 4.0 getirdiklerinden
olan nesnelerin interneti aracılığıyla birbirleri arasında iletişim kurma
özelliğine sahip üretim araçlarındaki sensörlerden elde edilen gerçek zamanlı
sisteme ait büyük miktarda veri elde edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle iş
merkezlerinde bulunan sensörler vasıtasıyla otomatik olarak gerçek zamanlı
sisteme ait veri toplayabilen bir üretim sistemin ARENA® ile benzetim modeli
oluşturulmuş ve uygun çalışma şartları belirlenmiştir. Sonrasında iş
merkezlerine iş yükleme stratejileri siparişlerdeki gecikmelere göre mukayese
edilmiştir. Bulunan en iyi iş yükleme stratejisi üç farklı talep hızında ARENA
benzetim modeli çalıştırılmış siparişlerin gecikme durumları ve sistemdeki iş
merkezlerinin durumu ile ilgili veriler elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler veri
madenciliği sınıflama algoritmaları ile değerlendirilerek geciken işler ile
ilgili kurallar belirlenmiştir. Bu kurallar ARENA benzetim modelline eklenerek
sistemden elde edilen gerçek zamanlı verilere göre gecikme ihtimali yüksek olan
işler tahmin edilip dış kaynak kullanımı kararını verecek bir karar destek
sistemin söz konusu olduğu geliştirilen bir yaklaşım ile geciken sipariş adedi daha
da azaltılmıştır.
Kulle (Turnu) ve Niğbolu Kalelerinin Tamirat ve Tahkimi ile Bölgeye Yapılan Avusturya Taarruzları (XVIII. Yüzyılın Son Çeyreğinde)
Authors: FEDAKAR Cengiz
Published: December 2019

Osmanlı Devleti’nin Avrupa’daki en önemli rakibi XVI. ve XVII. yüzyıllarda Habsburg İmparatorluğu iken XVIII. yüzyılda Rus faktörü kendini göstermiş, yüzyılın son çeyreğinde ise Çarlık Rusyası, Osmanlı’nın mücadele ettiği en büyük düşman hüviyetini almıştı. Osmanlı Devleti, hem Avusturya hem Rusya hudutlarında ve önemli

nehir boylarındaki (Tuna, Turla, Özi gibi) kaleleri, savaş öncesi tahkim ederek hazırlık yapmak durumundaydı. Tuna Nehri’nin iki yakasında yer alan ve nehirde geçiş

denetimini sağlayan Niğbolu ve Kulle kaleleri de XVIII. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde tamir ve tahkimden geçmiştir. Niğbolu Kalesi, Osma Nehri vasıtasıyla Bulgaristan içlerine kadar; Kulle Kalesi ise Alauta Nehri vasıtasıyla Eflak içlerine kadar nüfuz etmekte idiler. Bu yüzden 1774 Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması sonrasında Niğbolu Kalesi ve özellikle Kulle Kalesi’nde tamirat ve tahkimata büyük önem verilmiştir. Söz konusu kaleler yaklaşık olarak XIX. yüzyılın son çeyreğine kadar fiilen Osmanlı idaresinde

kalmıştır.
Türkçede “Zamanüstülük”
Authors: HİRİK Seçil
Published: December 2019

Mantık, matematik, felsefe ve dilbilim gibi pek çok disiplin içinde ele alınan ve sınırları sorgulanan zaman kavramı, varlıktan bağımsız akan bir süremdir. Somut

veriler üzerine temellenen dilbilim, zamanı hesaplanabilir olarak ele alma ihtiyacı hissetmektedir. Varlıktan bağımsız olan olgu, gerçek zaman kabul edilirken gerçek

zamanın dilsel formlarla sınırlanmış biçimi eylem zamanı ya da dil bilgisel zaman olarak incelenmiştir. Böylece konuşurun sözceleme anı yani konuşma anı, odak

noktası kabul edilerek eylem zamanı konuşma anına göre oranlanmış ve zamansal bölümlemelere gidilmiştir. Geleneksel dil bilgisinde yapılan geçmiş, şimdiki ve gelecek zaman ayrımının yanı sıra konuşma anına göre konumlandırıldığında eylem zamanı, konuşma anının öncesinde başlamış ve bitmiş, konuşma anının öncesinde başlamış ve konuşma anında devam eden, konuşma anında başlamış ve konuşma anı içinde bitmiş, konuşma anında başlamış ve sonrasında devam eden, konuşma anından sonra başlayacak olma durumuna göre beş dilime ayrılabilir. Bahsi geçen zamansal ulamlar, bir eylemin başlangıç ve bitişini dikkate alarak oluşturulmuştur. Ancak bunlarla beraber zaman çizgisinde gösterilemeyen, süreçle ilgili belirli bir konumu olmayan veya derin yapıda tüm zamanları kapsayan olay ve durumlar da konuşur tarafından dile yansıtılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada literatürde timeless olarak kullanılan ve Türkçede zamanüstü olarak ele alınacak kavram alanı üzerinden kuramsal alt yapı kurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Böylece Türkçede zamanüstülük belirten morfolojik ve leksik yapılar ortaya konulmuştur.
Spolia Use in Murad I Hüdavendigar Mosques in the Çanakkale Region
Authors: AKTUR Hilal
Published: December 2019

The mosques built in Çanakkale and environs under the commission of Murad I Hüdavendigar or under his name during his reign are referred to as Hüdavendigar mosques. Of these structures, while Behramkale Hüdavendigar and Tuzla Hüdavendigar mosques have survived to the present day, Umurbey Hüdavendigar and Gelibolu Hüdavendigar mosques have undergone restorations, were rebuilt and thus have lost their original properties, with only their names remanining unchanged.

Gelibolu Hüdavendigar Mosque was completely rebuilt in the 19th century and Umurbey Hüdavendigar Mosque was similarly rebuilt in the 20th century. Archival

data and the spolia materials present in their current state were examined in an effort to obtain information regarding the spolia use in their original architecture.

The reused of materials (spolia), which was a common practice in Anatolia since Late Antiquity, came into prominence in Anatolian Seljuk and Beylik Era architecture, at

times functionally and at others as an element of primary decoration1. This article focuses on the explicit use of spolia in the Murad I Hüdavendigar period mosques in the Çanakkale region as an expression of political and religious identity and a sign of power beyond sheer architectural decoration.
Yunanistan’daki Roman haklarının Avrupa Birliği’nin normatif gücü ışığında sorgulanması
Authors: HÜSEYİNOĞLU Ali , ALİOĞLU ÇAKMAK Gizem
Published: December 2019

Romanlara yönelik ırkçılık, ayrımcılık ve gündelik yaşamlarında karşılaştıkları temel insan hak ihlalleri, dünyanın ve Avrupa’nın farklı yerlerinde artarak devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma 1981 yılında Avrupa Topluluğu üyesi olmuş Yunanistan’ın Romanlara yönelik uyguladığı politikalardaki süreklilik ve değişimleri sebep ve sonuçları ile analiz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda Roman kimliğinin devamlılığını sağlayan sosyo-ekonomik yaşam, eğitim, barınma, sağlık, örgütlenme ve negatif algılar parametreleri ekseninde Romanlara yönelik uygulamalar sorgulanmakta ve eski-yeni sorunlar ekseninde hak ihlallerinin ne derece son bulduğuna cevap aranmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, Romanlara yönelik Yunanistan’ın izlemiş olduğu politikalar ve atmış olduğu somut adımlarda Avrupa Birliği (AB) normlarının ve Avrupa’nın normatif gücünün etkisini analiz etmektir. Bu bağlamda, Ian Manners’in 2002 yılında ortaya koyduğu olduğu “normatif güç kavramı” ışığında, Yunanistan’ın 1981 yılından günümüze Romanların hakların sağlanması ve yaşam koşullarının iyileştirilmesi ile ilgili somut adımlarda AB’nin dönüştürücü etkisi tartışılmaktadır. Bu eksende çalışmanın temel argümanı, Yunanistan’ın Romanların temel hak ihlallerinin son bulmasına yönelik attığı neredeyse tüm uygulamaların temelinde, Avrupa normlarının etkisi ve AB tarafından sağlanan maddi yardım ve fonlarla desteklenen normatif gücü bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da ortaya konduğu üzere, özellikle 2014-2020 Kalkınma Çerçevesi için Ortaklık Anlaşması kapsamında Romanların yaşam koşullarının iyileştirilmesine yönelik atılmış birçok somut adım ve hayata geçirilmiş düzenlemelere rağmen, Romanların temel insan haklardan faydalanmaları yönündeki eksiklikler 2019 itibarıyla devam etmektedir. Bu da Yunanistan’daki Romanların çoğunluk toplum ile entegre olmalarını daha da geciktirmekte, onları kendi gettolarında kendi sorunlarıyla mücadele etmelerine devam ettirmektedir.
Reconfigurable Hardware Technology Application in Buildings Supervising and Monitoring Systems
Authors: Szász Csaba , Miklós Attila
Published: December 2019

Due to the continuously increasing demand for more comfortable residential or commercial buildings in the last decades the researches in the so called “intelligent buildings” topic has emerged as one of the most challenging and high ranked engineering task. Consumers also require a higher level of security, supervision, and control of the buildings according to a large scale of user needs. These expectations face building automation and supervising system developers with a challenging problem, difficult to approach with classical methods or strategies. Therefore, this paper is focused to outline novel facilities and solutions offered by the current level microelectronic technologies in building automation. In the first step of this endeavor the benefits and advantages of the reconfigurable hardware systems is highlighted and outlined. Then a concrete building automation and supervising system implementation in hardware reconfigurable technology is presented and detailed. The main unit of this system has been built upon a Genesys Virtex-5 FPGA-based development board, as a high speed, parallel, and distributed computing reconfigurable unit. The software modules for building supervising and monitoring purposes embed last generation MicroBlaze technology which allows fast and convenient implementation of sophisticated control algorithms. The result of the entire development is a powerful and versatile system representing a well suitable solution for the most sophisticated and demanding customer needs in building supervising and monitoring applications.
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REPAIR GUIDED AVIATION MEANS OF DE-STRUCTION
Authors: Shyshanov M. , Zubariev O. , Hurba O. , Kryzhanivskyi Y.
Published: December 2019

The article presents the general requirements for the level of reliability of guided aviation means of destruction (GAMD), which can be applied based on the requirements for performance indicators of operation. This depends on the set of tactical, technical and operational characteristics of GAMD, which determine their level technical excellence, as well as a method for assessing the effectiveness of guided aviation means of destruction, based on the progressive standard method. The estimation of the coefficient of technical excellence of samples of armaments, which reveal their level of development and is carried out in relation to their classification, has been considered. During the analysis, the most important performance characteristics are considered. They define the basic architecture and design of this type of armaments and have the greatest influence on their combat missions. The basics of their functioning and the order of their intended using are more fully considered in a number of sources. The developed method of comparative estimation of GAMD is intended for comparison of possible variants and allows to define complex indicators of quality that take into account most of all existing properties of GAMD, to assess its conformity to tactical and technical requirements, quantitative requirements and state standards. Moreover, it allows conducting a comparative assessment of domestic and foreign samples of armaments. The basic performance characteristics of short-range guided aviation missiles of the Air-to-Air class with infrared heads and their foreign analogues are given. The purpose of this article is to conduct a preliminary calculation of the level of technical excellence and analysis of the priority directions of development of air guided missiles of the Air-to-Air class.
MODELING OF HARDWARE SPECTRUMS OF CdZnTe- DETECTORS
Authors: Mokritskij V. , Maslov O. , Banzak O. , Leshchenko O.
Published: December 2019

This article has developed a technique for modeling the instrumental spectrum obtained by measuring the intrinsic gamma radiation of spent nuclear fuel with different burnup depths and the degree of leakage fuel cladding. The spectrum model of the studied fuel assembly made it possible to determine the sensitivity of measurements and choose the optimal algorithm for processing the spectra. Due to this, costs of developing hardware and software components of the nuclear fuel condition monitoring system have been reduced. The difference between this technique and the known ones is that they did not use the simulation of the distribution of electric field strength in the volume of the sensor crystal and did not use the Monte Carlo method to simulate electric charge induced during the initial interaction of gamma radiation with the crystal. An experimental verification of the technique using the example of modeling the radiation spectrum of 137Cs source confirmed the effectiveness of the use of the spectrometer based on the CdZnTe detector created in this work: compliance with the requirements for monitoring the state of nuclear fuel in real time; identification of fuel assemblies containing fuel elements with an unpressurized cladding; determination of fuel burnup based on the activity of fission products. For the first time, a method has been proposed for processing large packets of the spectra of the own gamma radiation of spent nuclear fuel. A distinctive feature of the method is the two-stage processing of the spectra: at the first stage, parameters are determined that describe the measured spectra and are necessary for the operation of the algorithms for their processing by methods of numerical differentiation; at the second stage, using these methods, large arrays of spectra are automatically processed in real time. This method increases the accuracy of measurements and the completeness of the distribution pattern of burnup over the fuel assembly volume. This is the technological basis of the tomography method created in this work.
Management Functions and Their Modeling Within a Socio-Psychological Training with the Traffic Police Department Heads
Authors: Borisova S.E.
Published: December 2019

The principle of the management cycle subjected to modeling during the advanced socio-psychological training at the Orel Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.V. Lukyanova. The training participants are represented by twenty-five heads of road safety propaganda units of the State Road Safety Inspectorate, the arithmetic average in service of which is two years. The analysis of basic management functions supported by the students professional experience and the interpretation of the components of the management cycle through the use of metaphorical associative maps is carried out. As part of low round tables, ideal modelling is organized that require constructive resolution of problem situations. The necessity of taking into account the specifics of the implementation of managerial functions by the heads of various departments of the State traffic inspectorate and the feasibility of developing a program of relevant training are justified.
The Origins of Corrupt Behavior: Psychological Aspect
Authors: Nurmuhametov E.A. , Nurmukhametova I.F. , Politika O.I.
Published: December 2019

The article presents data from a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of corruption and corrupt practices. This phenomenon is perceived by scientists and practitioners more often in economic and legal aspects. Whereas from a psychological point of view, the authors analyze the definition of “corruption” only indirectly and somewhat distantly. Moreover, the psychological analysis of corruption issues mainly aline within the framework of moral, ethical and philosophical views. In this article, corruption and corruption practices are considered in the context of the activity approach of A.N. Leontiev. It is suggested that one of the reasons for the development of corrupt behavior of a person can be a shortage of personal and environmental resources of a person, which allow to reveal oneself in such a socio-psychological phenomenon as "deficiency of normative behavior" in the early stages of adulting. From the standpoint of the activity approach of A.N. Leont'ev suggested that deficiency discovers itself at three levels of life: physiological, mental, and personal. It is concluded that the deficiency of normative behavior contributes to the deformation of the personality structure, is in destructive mode and blocks the differentiation of mental functions reducing the dynamism of interpersonal interactions.