bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Industrial Internet platform promotes digital transformation of SMEs in China
Authors: Gao Allen
Published: September 2022

This article analyzes the three major problems faced by Chinese SMEs in digital transformation: "don't want to transform", "don't dare to transform", and "don't know how to transform" against the background of the fact that the industrial The Internet in China has caused restructuring and accelerated the reform of the manufacturing industry. This article summarizes the classic digital transformation path for SMEs and explores new options and new opportunities for SMEs in the face of digital transformation under the industrial Internet model.
Agent-based modeling of large socio-economic systems based on the general theory of functional systems of P.K. Anokhin
Authors: Makarov Valery
Published: September 2022

A new methodology for modeling the dynamics of a large socio-economic system as an living organism, developing in accordance with the internal structure and inertia and capable of self-organization under the influence of external factors, including control actions, is presented. The methodology is based on the application of the general theory of functional systems by P.K. Anokhin, as well as its formalization - the category theory of systems, according to which the internal architecture of a functional system is represented as a huge graph of connections between its individual elements. In the agent-based model, the elements are agents of two types (people and organizations), and their connections indicate the direction of the transfer of information, material and financial resources. The minimum necessary structure of the properties of agents and their environment, as well as algorithms for their interaction, providing imitation of the formation of inter-agent links, building production chains and creating new economic agents, has been developed.
"Russian Roots" of Tekle Hawariat Tekle Mariam
Authors: Krylova Natalia L. , Michael Nigusie Kassaye
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the Russian period of the life of one of the most famous political figures and intellectuals of Ethiopia in the first half of the twentieth century. The Russian foster family, in which he spent 17 years of his life, left a big mark in the subsequent social, political and creative activities of Tekle Hawariat, Tekle Mariyam. He carried love and loyalty to his foster family through his entire eventful, ups and downs life of a politician, public figure, creative personality.
Termination of an employment contract at the initiative of an employee in Russian practice: historical and legal view
Authors: Ivanov Artyom B.
Published: September 2022

The article in a retrospective aspect examines the problem of legal regulation of termination of an employment contract at the initiative of an employee. The influence of historical experience on modern legislation and the practice of applying dismissal of their own free will is shown, traditions and innovations in this matter are revealed. It is noted that in the process of its development, the legislative provisions that determined the conditions and procedure for dismissal at the initiative of the employee did not always ensure the necessary balance of interests of the parties to labor relations and the state. They were more aimed at the implementation of the production, and not the socio-protective function of labor law. The norms that determined the conditions and procedure for terminating the contract at the initiative of the employee for the first time began to be enshrined in the acts of factory legislation of the imperial period, but at that time they had not yet received proper detail. In the Soviet era, the position of the legislator regarding the possibility of terminating an employment contract at the initiative of an employee was not consistent, ranging from recognition of dismissal to his complete rejection. The most fruitful influence on improving the legal regulation of termination of an employment contract at the initiative of an employee was the Soviet legal practice of the period of validity of the Foundations of Labor Legislation of 1970 and the KZoT of 1971. Legal experience, first of all, of this period formed the basis of the norms on dismissal of their own free will in the current Labor Code of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the modern legislator reasonably abandoned, perhaps, the main rudiment of the previous regulation - limiting the possibility of termination at the initiative of an employee of a fixed-term employment contract.
Metasystem organization of subject determinants of professional activity (article two)
Authors: Karpov Anatoly V.
Published: September 2022

Theoretical-methodological and empirical-phenomenological materials are presented, revealing and explaining the specifics of the organization of the most important category of subjective determinants of labor activity - professional competencies. It is shown that its main principle is the principle of metasystem organization. From these positions, a new solution is given to the key problem of activity psychology - the problem of the correlation of two main classes of professional competencies, designated by the concepts of «hard» and «soft» skills (hard-skills and soft-skills). It is shown and explained how and on the basis of which specific operational means this principle is implemented in relation to the system of professional competencies. The main ones are the basic functions that implement soft-skills in relation to hard-skills, thereby regulating their determinative influence on activity.
The structure of a person’s self-attitude in relation to social standards broadcast by the media
Authors: Trifonova Svetlana A. , Sakovskaya Olga N. , Efimova Olga A.
Published: September 2022

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the relationship between the fea-tures of self-attitude, coping strategies, perception of one’s own appearance in early adulthood, taking into account social standards broadcast by the media. It is shown that with high discrep-ancies in the assessment of the parameters «I am real», «I am ideal», «Media image», there is a high dissatisfaction with their own appearance in both men and women. The peculiarities of self-attitude in men and women with high and low discrepancies in the assessment of the parameters «I am real - Media image» and «Real Me - Ideal Me» are revealed. The gender differences in the specifics of self-attitude and the coping strategies used are analyzed.
National projects in the political process (on the example of the project "Safe high-quality roads" in the Yaroslavl region)
Authors: Petrova Oxana V.
Published: September 2022

The article examines the impact of national projects on election campaigns at the federal and regional levels. Modern standards in the formation of public policy, administration of expenditures, monitoring, planning and evaluation of national projects are also analyzed. The importance of project management for the socio-economic and political development of Russia is formulated, including the strategic and tactical goals of the implementation of national projects in the political field. The main aspects of national project management, prerequisites for the formation of national projects, their formation and development are also considered. The author compares the mechanisms of formation of state programs, including the use of project and program-target mechanisms. The features of national projects are analyzed. The article considers the national project "Safe High-quality roads" as an example. The main plans for 2022 are analyzed, including the costs of implementing the project at the federal and regional levels. The structure of project management in the Yaroslavl region is considered, the importance of the national project "Safe high-quality roads" for the region is established. Gaps related to the participation of citizens in the formation of road work plans in the industry have been identified a critical analysis of citizens' appeals has been carried out. Examples of the expected results of the ongoing reforms are given. Conclusions have been formulated and proposals have been prepared to improve the management of the national project «Safe High-quality Roads», including in the Yaroslavl region.
The Development of the Theory of Democracy and the Contribution of Seymour Martin Lipset to Political Sociology
Authors: Ruban Larisa S.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to Seymour Martin Lipset, an outstanding American sociologist with Russian roots (a descendant of Jewish emigrants from the Russian Empire), in it the author recalls the history of meeting this outstanding sociologist and his meetings with him, his colleagues and friends, studying his scientific experience while attending lectures by C. M. Lipset at the University of J. Washington and participation in scientific discussions at the University of J. Mason's in Fairfax. The article is based on historical-comparative and comparative methods, the Sorbonne method of in-depth work with the text, content analysis of scientific papers and publications in the media and included observation. The author firmly believes that the analysis of the scientific heritage of Seymour Martin Lipset is impossible without taking into account the civic position of the scientist, which determined the subject of his research: the formation and development of democracy in the United States and other countries, the role of legitimacy, the organization of political parties, the development of the electoral process, the importance of conflicts and consensus in regulating public relations and changing the political system (the dilemma of capitalism-socialism or the third way).
Development of the language and linguocolor picture of the world in the adyghe linguoculture
Authors: Ezaova Madina Y. , Kardanov Musadin L. , Shugusheva Juleta Kh.
Published: September 2022

In modern linguistics, topical issues of constructing a linguistic color picture and the functioning of color lexemes in the linguistic picture of the world and, in particular, artistic discourse, are being actively developed. Artistic discourse is understood as a communication system, which is a synthesis of specific linguistic forms, information about reality, reflected in a text that is distinguished by its pragmatic content. The pragmatic level of artistic discourse is represented by an individual set of characteristic linguistic means. The most specific linguistic means are coloronyms that represent evaluative and emotional personal meanings that have a certain influencing potential. Color painting in artistic discourse is the most important expressive means, carries a deeply ideological, artistic, and emotional load. Language units with color semantics or coloronyms contribute not only to the creation of visual images but also carry additional information of emotional and expressive properties. The object of the research is the linguistic units denoting color, functioning in the language, mythopoetics, paremias, and literature in the Adyghe language. The subject of the research is the peculiarities of the manifestation and functioning of color painting in the Adyghe language and Adyghe literature, as well as the identification of the specifics of the coloristic embodiment of images in the works of Adyghe authors. The material of the research is based on the linguistic representations of color designations that form the «black-white-red» triad.
Unofficial toponyms in the linguistic consciousness of Yaroslavl residents: estimated component
Authors: Potyomkina Yulia S. , Shamanova Marina V.
Published: September 2022

The experiment is one of the effective ways to study the semantics of unofficial toponyms in the linguistic consciousness. The article presents a psycholinguistic description of unofficial toponyms of Yaroslavl. The toponyms is based on associative fields. We mean that unofficial toponyms are lexemes which are not fixed in dictionaries. In urban speech these toponyms have unofficial names of geographical objects. For the study, we chose two unofficial toponyms: Pyaterka and Bragino. Based on the results of free and directed associative experiments, we have formed associative fields of the corresponding toponyms. All the reactions received were divided into semantic groups. We compared semantic zones and evaluative reactions. This allowed us to identify the degree of mastery and peculiarities of the perception of unofficial toponyms by the linguistic consciousness of Yaroslavl residents. The following semantic zones were identified in the associative field obtained as a result of a directed associative experiment. These zones complement the zones of free associative experiment: "Spatial aspect", "Anthropological aspect", "Urban aspect", "Subjective-emotional aspect", "Visual aspect". On the one hand, the use of various experiments makes it possible to verify the data obtained, and on the other hand, it helps to significantly expand the semantics of the associative field, including identifying the evaluative component.
Editorial
Authors: Guzmán Napurí Christian
Published: September 2022

Con mucho gusto les presentamos el Segundo Número de la Revista de Derecho Público Económico. Como lo hemos señalado en el Editorial de su Primer Número, la Revista tiene como objetivo ser un medio de publicación académico de la Escuela de Posgrado de la Universidad Continental y, en particular, de la Maestría en Derecho Administrativo Económico, incluyendo a través de sus artículos diversos temas relevantes que abarcan desde el derecho Constitucional Económico hasta las Contrataciones del Estado, pasando por las diversas formas de intervención administrativa en la economía que existen.
Nudges: un pequeño empujón a la regulación. Su aplicación en las políticas contra la covid-19
Authors: de la Torre David
Published: September 2022

El presente trabajo busca difundir el concepto «nudges» (un pequeño empujón), perteneciente, inicialmente, a las ciencias del comportamiento y a la economía conductual; y su uso e influencia en la regulación y las políticas públicas de los Estados, así como su aplicación en las políticas públicas contra la COVID-19 en el mundo. Para ello, deseamos divulgar, por su parte, el concepto de «regulación» en su sentido amplio, no solo como función estatal, sino, especialmente, en su sentido de método de actuación estatal en la vida de la sociedad. Finalmente, adentrarnos en los ejemplos más emblemáticos de nudges, su implementación en el Perú y los nudges utilizados en algunas partes del mundo, ante la COVID-19.
Régimen Constitucional del derecho fundamental de propiedad
Authors: Sáenz Dávalos Luis
Published: September 2022

El derecho fundamental de propiedad se encuentra reconocido principalmente en los artículos 2, inciso 16, y 70 de la Constitución Política del Perú. La propiedad es, pues y por elemental constatación, un derecho con reconocimiento constitucional, pero con desarrollo tanto en el ámbito constitucional como en el propiamente legal. Nuestra jurisprudencia constitucional ha definido a la propiedad como el poder jurídico que permite a cualquier persona usar, disfrutar, disponer y reivindicar un bien, la cual admite la posibilidad de muy variados tratamientos a partir de los tipos o modalidades de bienes que esta pueda llegar a involucrar. La regla general que establece la Constitución en torno de la propiedad es la de su inviolabilidad y está claro que, aunque cualquier persona puede ser titular del derecho de propiedad, ello no significa utilizarla para propósitos incompatibles con el interés de todos, dado que de presentarse ello quedaría relativizada, cuando no desvirtuada, su propia fisonomía.
El régimen jurídico aplicable al procedimiento disciplinario en materia de hostigamiento sexual en las universidades
Authors: Cairampoma Arroyo Alberto
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo analiza el régimen disciplinario aplicable para casos de hostigamiento sexual en las universidades peruanas. En nuestro ordenamiento Constitucional no se reconoce de manera expresa la potestad sancionadora de la administración pública. Así, queda en el Tribunal Constitucional, a través de diversos pronunciamientos, declarar que el ejercicio de esta potestad resulta constitucional, siempre en cuando se respeten las garantías mínimas propias del derecho administrativo sancionador. Hoy se cuenta con el texto único ordenado de la ley, aprobado mediante Decreto Supremo 004-2019-JUS. La importancia del establecimiento de este régimen en el caso peruano es innegable, pues desde la vigencia de la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo General (LPAG) se establecieron los límites y alcances del derecho administrativo sancionador. Se dejó por sentado que, si bien hay diferencias con el derecho penal, pueden compartir la aplicación de algunas instituciones y principios que sirven para el adecuado funcionamiento del sistema y una adecuada aplicación del ius puniendi del Estado. En este sentido, en el caso de los casos de hostigamiento sexual, en el artículo 90 de la Ley Universitaria, se ha establecido que se pueden dictar medidas preventivas, lo cual incluye la posibilidad de que el docente sea «separado preventivamente sin perjuicio de la sanción que se imponga», alcanzando este régimen tanto a universidad públicas como privadas.
Integrated Reporting and COVID-19: A Conceptual Reference Disclosure Index for Future Pandemics
Authors: Denhere Varaidzo , Moloi Tankiso
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic struck the global community in December 2019 in China and by the beginning of 2020, it had spread to many other countries. The pandemic affected people’s lives and most business sectors. Its impact on business organizations warranted disclosure in the integrated reports for information to investors and other stakeholders. In the absence of a known pandemic disclosure framework, some researchers developed a COVID-19 pandemic reporting framework based on the pre-existing integrated reporting framework, literature from medical, scientific and pharmaceutical field journals, newspapers, and specialized websites as well as interviews of various professional investors in 2020 to guide firms in disclosing COVID-19 issues. This framework has not yet been contrasted by researchers to date. With challenges known to exist in trying to determine the extent of the pandemic disclosure, the objective of this study is to develop a conceptual reference disclosure index for future pandemics using the COVID-19 pandemic as a baseline. The pandemic was severe in 2020 but started to abate in 2021 due to the development of vaccines. COVID-19 information was used to develop the proposed index, and it is anticipated that the proposed index will also be useful for future pandemics. The proposed index should be instrumental in determining the extent of the pandemic disclosure by companies, information that is crucial for investors and all stakeholders for decision making. As there is also paucity in literature on COVID-19 because it is a new experience, this study will contribute to the body of literature in this field.
Assessment	of	Saccular	and	Semicircular	Canal’s Function in Behcet’s Disease
Authors: Heidari Sharifabad Zahra , Hajiabolhassan Fahimeh , Hoseinabadi Reza , Tahereh Faezi Seyedeh , Jalaie Shohreh
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim: Behcet’s disease (BD) is a multisystemic, chronic and progressive disorder with a relatively high prevalence in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the vestibular function between Iranian BD patients and normal subjects using cervical vestibular- evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) and video head impulse test (vHIT).
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 44 patients with definitive BD in the inactive stage of disease and 30 age and sex matched normal subjects were evaluated via cVEMP and vHIT tests and dizziness handicap inventory (DHI). Then the parameters of the tests were compared between the two groups by statistical methods. Moreover, the effects of DHI scores and other contextual variables on the test results were examined.
Results: In terms of the cVEMP test, the response rate and mean latency of p13 in the left ear were significantly lower, the amplitude of the cVEMP wave in the left ear and the amplitude asymmetry ratio were significantly higher in BD patients compared to normal subjects (p<0.05). Fifteen BD patients had abnormal amplitude and nine patients had abnormal latency of cVEMP responses. In terms of the vHIT test, the mean vestibule-ocular reflex gain of the left posterior semicircular canal and the mean gain asymmetry ratio of lateral canals were significantly higher in BD patients than in the controls (p<0.05).
Conclusion: the vestibular system of some patients with BD is disturbed and the results of this study indicate the presence of unilateral vestibular weakness in BD. So vestibular assessment can be helpful for these patients.
Keywords: Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials; video head impulse test; saccule; semicircular canals; behcet’s disease
Auditory	Spatial	Training-Induced	Changes	in	the Release of Informational Masking in Older Adults
Authors: Amiri Marzieh , Jarollahi Farnoush , Jalaie Shohreh , Sameni Seyyed Jalal
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim: Generally, in noisy environments more informational masking occurs. Older adults benefit less than younger adults from spatial hearing and they have more problems of understanding speech in the presence of distracting speeches. This study was conducted to examine the effect of auditory spatial training on informational masking release in the elderly.
Methods: Thirty-two 60-75-year-olds with normal hearing, who complain about difficulty   in speech perception in noise, participated in control and intervention groups (16 people in each group). The intervention included fifteen sessions of auditory spatial training. The informational masking measurement test scores were compared before the intervention, one session after the intervention, and one month after between the two groups.
Results: There was a significant improvement in informational masking measurement scores in the intervention group compared to the control (p<0.02). The results showed no significant differences between the informational masking measurement scores before and after the intervention in the control group (p>0.05) and a significant difference in most signal to noise ratio i.e. 0, -5 and -10, in the intervention group (p≤0.006). No significant difference was found between the results of the two assessments one session and one month after the intervention in any of the positions (p>0.05), which suggests that both groups’ scores remained highly stable one month after the intervention
Conclusion: This study introduced a spatial training program to improve speech perception in noise in normal-hearing elderly listeners. It was recommended that this kind of training be included in geriatric population auditory rehabilitation programs.
Keywords: Informational masking; energetic masking; elderly; speech perception in noise
Development of a Binaural Masking Level Differences Test Application Using Tonal and Speech Stimuli in Persian and Assessing its Test-Retest Reliability in Normal-Hearing Young People
Authors: Ashrafi Majid , Sakha Mahsa Rezaei
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim: The masking level difference (MLD) test is a behavioral test that assesses binaural interactions and central auditory processing. This study aims to design a binaural MLD (BMLD) test application using tonal and Speech Stimuli in Persian.
Methods: In the first stage, the BMLD test application was designed in MATLAB software. Then, the spondaic words were recorded and added to the sound processing panel of the application. In the next stage, the MLD of tonal and speech stimuli was measured on 20 subjects aged 18–25 years. To examine the test-retest reliability of the application, all steps were repeated after one week.
Results: The MLD values for tonal and speech stimuli under the SoNo-SπNo condition were significantly different from those under the SoNo-SoNπ condition (p<0.05). These values for tonal and speech stimuli were 10.50 and 6.12 dB under the SoNo- SπNo condition, and 6.85 and 4.43 under the SoNo- SoNπ condition. There was no significant difference in the MLD values between males and females. The intraclass correlation coefficient value for different phase conditions was more than 0.8, indicating the high reliability of the BMLD test application for tonal and speech stimuli in Persian (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The designed BMLD test application using tonal and speech stimuli in Persian has similar results compared to the conventional methods of MLD test for other languages, therefore, this application can be used in audiology clinics in Iran to perform the MLD test.
Keywords: Release from masking; masking; binaural hearing; software
Fear of Falling and Balance Confidence in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Aslibeigi Farideh , Zarrinkoob Homa , Erfanifar Azam , Akbarzadeh Baghban Alireza , Denak Fariba
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim: Each year, millions of older people experience falling which can cause serious injuries such as broken bones, head injuries, or even death. Since Diabetes Mellitus can disrupt the balance system and increase falling, and given that fear of falling and balance confidence are critical fall-related psychological concerns that can be the risk factors of falls in the diabetic elderly, this study aimed to compare fear of falling and balance confidence of diabetic and non-diabetic older adults in Iran.
Methods: Participants were 63 diabetic older patients and 59 non-diabetic peers aged 60 years and over. Data were collected using the Persian versions of falling efficacy scale-international and activities-specific balance confidence-short form questionnaires. In addition, modified Romberg and timed up and go tests were performed to assess subjective balance performance.
Results: The scores of falling efficacy scale-international questionnaire and timed up and go test were significantly higher in diabetic group while the scores of activities-specific balance confidence-short form questionnaire were lower (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed in the modified Romberg test scores between two groups.
Conclusion: Fear of falling and low balance confidence are more common in diabetic older adults compared to non-diabetic peers. They have poor performance in timed up and go test and have more falls during the last 12 months.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; aging; fear of falling; balance confidence
FAIR AND INCLUSIVE SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION: A STUDY OF GAP BETWEEN TEACHERS-STUDENTS RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Roohi Tahira , Rukhshanda  , Alizai Shahida Habib , Abid Seemab , Khan Zahid , Ali Amir
Published: September 2022

Purpose of the study: The current study was conducted to examine the cognitive and motivational variables believed in inculcating the maturity of the teacher-student relationship and, in turn, school success.

Methodology: The survey and observation method was utilized, and the sample was a random sample of 248 teachers and 566 students of grades 9 and 10 from four sample districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The Chi-Square Test was applied to scrutinize the contrast between fair and inclusive secondary school education and the teacher-student relationship.

Main Findings: The results suggested that it is essential for teachers to transfer their positive and motivational attitude, sincerity, and emotional stability to students according to settings in order to develop fair and inclusive secondary school education.

Applications of the study: The current study is useful for KPESE because it focuses on improving the present status of secondary school education; for this reason, they allocate resources and set up an IMU system for staff and school success.

Novelty/Originality of the study: For the first time, the current research was conducted to clarify the bond between fair and inclusive secondary school education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, with healthy, positive, strong teacher-student relationships.
Evaluation and Interpretation of Female Infertility
Authors: ÖZER Serdar , ÖZER Alev , KIRAN Hakan
Published: September 2022

Infertility is a problem that affects one out of seven couples and is defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy despite unprotected intercourse for 1 year. One of the most important enemies of infertile patients is time. In order to reveal the possible causes of infertility, importance should be given to the systematic, rapid, and cost-effective evaluation, and the evaluation should be started with the least invasive examinations. In the evaluation of an infertile woman, a detailed medical history, reproductive history, family history, and physical examination are required to reveal the anatomical and physiological causes of infertility. This evaluation process is also the most suitable period for giving pre-pregnancy counseling, providing necessary counseling for preventive medicine practices, and conducting genetic research and consultations if necessary. In the evaluation of infertility, the presence of ovulation, the structure and function of the female genital system, and semen analysis in the male partner should also be evaluated. During all these evaluation processes, the psychological morbidity caused by the inability to have children should also be taken into consideration and the couples should also be supported in this respect. In this review, it was aimed to present the steps to be followed in the evaluation of an infertile woman in the light of current literature.
NATIONAL MASS MEDIA PARTIALITY (ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE USE IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE)
Authors: Mukhlas Moh. , Puspita Ayunda Riska
Published: September 2022

A reliable newspaper should accommodate heterogeneity regarding geographical and psychological readers. The wider the coverage area of a newspaper, the more heterogeneous its readers will be. By putting more concerns on these two dimensions, a newspaper is expected to be in a neutral position. This impartiality or neutrality of the mass media becomes a more intriguing topic when it is associated with the theory arguing that language cannot be neutral since it is a form of social practice, as Halliday has always emphasized. This study aims to describe (1) the use of language (speech acts, speech targets, and speech objectives) in the political discourse contained in the editorials of Republika and Kompas newspapers and (2) the objectivity of the two newspapers. This study used a qualitative-critical approach. This type of research is descriptive-interpretative research and, more specifically, is a type of critical pragmatic analysis research. The analysis of the use of language in the editorials of Koran Republika and Koran Kompas shows that the two newspapers have different tendencies due to different ideologies. The vision and history of a newspaper can determine its ideology of a newspaper. Republika is more inclined to pair 01 (Joko Widodo-Makruf Amin) and share a similar background related to Islam. Kompas is more inclined to pair serial number 02 (Prabowo Subianto-Sandiaga Uno), one of whom is not an Islamic figure.
We are Warriors for the Movement: Misogi Training in the Imperial Rule Assistance League
Authors: Hardacre Helen
Published: September 2022

Based on trainees’ testimonies published in 1941 by the Imperial Rule Assistance League, this article examines the spectrum of identification seen in an early 1940s spiritual cultivation regimen of cold-water purification (misogi) aiming to enhance popular commitment to such national projects as Japan’s war in China and the eradication of liberalism. The revival and ritualization of misogi within modern Shinto was initially led by Kawazura Bonji and later taken up with government sponsorship by a variety of influential Shinto figures, who promoted it within the league. While the league’s misogi programs conveyed a distinctive notion of identity for Japanese men, and while trainees’ testimonies show that they affirmed and identified themselves with it, it is also clear that the training regimen failed to meet their expectations in significant respects. In addition, a 1942 doctrinal dispute greatly undermined the intellectual coherence of misogi training and its concept of identity.
Traversing the Natural, Supernatural, and Paranormal: Yōkai in Postwar Japan
Authors: Hirota Ryūhei
Published: September 2022

Yōkai is an elusive category in Japanese history, folklore, and popular culture. It consists of mysterious phenomena that can exercise extraordinary agency in their interactions with humans. Attempting to grapple with this amorphous category, Japanese folklore studies has defined yōkai as malevolent supernatural beings. However, a survey of these studies reveals that most instances of yōkai do not fit this definition. This article discusses the supernaturalization of yōkai and their relegation to the “otherworld” as a process that primarily occurred in three stages: developments in kokugaku cosmology during the early nineteenth century, the import of the concept of the supernatural at the turn of the twentieth century, and the yōkai boom of the late 1960s. In particular, this article emphasizes the importance of the yōkai boom that straddled a premodern folk community and a modernized popular society, leading to a conflation of the concepts of the supernatural, the otherworld, and yōkai.
New Religions in Kōshien: Religious Identity and High School Baseball
Authors: Okuyama Michiaki
Published: September 2022

This article examines the holy ground of Kōshien, Japan’s annual high school baseball tournament, and the national festival and cultic fever that accompanies it. Some of the most successful schools that participate in Kōshien were founded by new religious groups such as Tenrikyō, PL Kyōdan, and Bentenshū. I offer some suggestions why this is the case, since none of these religions espouse either sports or competition in their formal creed. Furthermore, I consider the success of these schools in a postwar Japanese social context that has changed substantially since their establishment. The article will also touch on the most recent criticism of Japanese collectivism and how this criticism may effect baseball culture.
Halk Sağlığı Uzmanları Derneği YouTube Kanalı ve Webiner Etkinlikleri
Authors: ÜÇÜNCÜ İlke , DEMİR Lütfi Saltuk , BUĞDAYCI YALÇIN Bengü Nehir , YAVUZ Melike , AZBOY Nesrullah , İNANDI Tacettin , ERGÖR Alp
Published: September 2022

Halk Sağlığı Uzmanları Derneği (HASUDER), Halk Sağlığı Okulu tarafından düzenlenen programlar kendi Youtube kanalında yayınlanmaktadır. Bu rapor ile 08.10.2012-31.12.2020 tarihleri arasındaki kanalın videolarının ve webiner etkinliklerinin izlenme özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 2012-2020 yıllarında Kanal HASUDER’in YouTube üzerinden yayınlanmış webinerlerin; konu, izlenme sayısı, izlenme süresi, izleyicilerin cinsiyet-yaş özelliklerine göre dağılımları incelenmiştir. YouTube üzerinde kayıt altına alınan veriler kullanılmıştır. 2012-2020 yılların içinde en fazla görüntüleme sayısı ve süresi 2020 yılına ait videolarda olmuştur. 2012-2020 yılları arasında en fazla görüntülenme sayısına ve süresine biyoistatistik alanında ulaşılmışken, en fazla ortalama görüntüleme süresi bulaşıcı hastalık konularında olmuştur. Kadın cinsiyete sahip izleyicilerin oranları, 2012-2020 arasındaki tüm yıllarda erkeklerden fazladır. 2012-2020 yıllarında izleyiciler arasında 18-24 ve 25- 34 yaş grupları diğer gruplara göre daha fazla iken 2019 yılında 55-67 yaş grubundaki (%56.3) kişilerin diğer yaş gruplarından daha fazla olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. HASUDER Kanal’ın izlenme durumu yıllar içinde artış göstermiştir. Webinerlerin konuları izlenmeyi etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden biridir. 2020 yılında yaşanılan pandemi ile Kanal HASUDER’in bulaşıcı hastalıklarla ilgili konulara ağırlık vermesi ve en fazla ortalama görüntüleme süresine ilgili konularda ulaşılması; kanala ilginin yıllar ve pandeminin etkisiyle arttığını göstermektedir.
An Approach to the Analysis of Bilateral Relations
Authors: Davydov A.
Published: September 2022

The article presents an approach to assessment of how independent an international actor can be from the political point of view. The author formulates a coordinate system composed of four spaces (fields) of social communication. The first one is the space of ideological interaction. In this space, governments have a possibility to manipulate the policies of their counteragents via exploiting psychological sentiments in the short term or fortifying specific worldview attitudes in the long run among the peoples in foreign countries. The second is the space of international norms. Unlike on the national level, the international relations system does not imply an existence of a common decision-making mechanism that serves as a generator of communication norms. Therefore, states use their national might to establish a normative order, which they are trying to fortify by consequently repeating specific actions in the international arena. In the third space, international actors try to integrate their counteragents into a specific type of economic relations that would serve as a determinant of their behavior. Finally, in the security space, the relations of states are defined by their internal understanding of what specific international trends and policies could threaten their own interests of national survival and development. The author concludes that the state of affairs in these four spaces determines the nature of subjectivity (sovereignty) of international actors on the global political stage. Through this lens, their bilateral relations could be classified into one of three types: subject-subject (interdependent), subject-object (unilaterally dependent) or object-object (independent). Therefore, the assessment of the nature of interstate bilateral relations could serve as a good starting point to characterize the whole structure of the international relations system: whether it is functioning in a unipolar, bipolar or multipolar manner. Moreover, the presented methodology could help to evaluate a degree of effectiveness of the foreign policy strategies implementation, since it presents a measurable coordinate system of the state and the structure of international affairs.
Global Imbalances: Evolution of Approaches
Authors: Kholopov A.
Published: September 2022

The article examines the current state and causes of global imbalances’ sustainability – the phenomenon whereby some major systemic countries run large and persistent current account deficits, which are mirrored by large surpluses in a number of other countries. The widening of global imbalances during COVID 19 pandemic contrasts with their dynamics during previous global downturns, when the scale of imbalances narrowed. The article analyzes various explanations of global imbalances: intertemporal choice with a difference in the rates of return, demographic changes, global savings glut, dynamics of oil prices, exchange rate manipulations, twin deficits, demand for safe assets. The significance of each of the causes of global imbalances changes over time, and currently fiscal policy has been playing an increasing role to determine the movements of current account deficits. The global fiscal response to the pandemic, especially in advanced economies, has been unprecedented, which led to significant reduction in government savings. The scale and dynamics of global imbalances are largely determined by the state of the US balance of payments: it is a reflection of the ability to generate safe assets and to finance trade and budget deficits cheaply by using the dollar’s status as the dominant world currency. There are differences in theoretical approaches regarding the macroeconomic effects of global imbalances. But persistent current account deficits and surpluses lead to accumulation of stock imbalances – the difference between countries’ foreign assets and liabilities. The ongoing negative changes in the net international investment positions of many leading advanced economies indicate an increase in external indebtedness. This creates risks to both debtor and creditor countries and threatens the stability of the global financial system.
The Influence of Brexit on the UK Political Elites Circulation
Authors: Kovalev I. , Malinina A.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the study of a vast, complex set of problems associated with the constant circulation, renewal and transformation of the political elites of the United Kingdom which are forced to constantly adapt to rapidly changing realities of the contemporary world. The decision to withdraw from the European Union made by the UK citizens on the referendum of the 23rd of June, 2016 significantly accelerated the processes of the political elite transformation that had become noticeable long before that remarkable event. In the given study, the authors address the question of whether the mentioned changes are simply the signs of the old elite adaptation to new political realities and voter preferences, or there is an emerging new political elite that is gradually replacing the old one. Three major factors such as peculiarities of various stages of negotiations, the change in Brexit strategies and the acute political crisis that arose due to the inability of T. May’s Cabinet to achieve the ratification of the agreement concluded with European partners are analyzed. The authors assess their impact on the process of the renewal of top government officials responsible for making and implementing political decisions. In the present work, the phenomenon of the continuity of the British political elite, its inclination to reach compromises and rejection of extreme, radical points of view is investigated. The authors come to a conclusion that long historical experience of reaching consensus on controversial issues continues to have significant influence on the political elite of the United Kingdom and the processes of its evolution in a fast-paced world.
Perspectives of Human Development Index Improvement
Authors: Fal’tsman V.
Published: September 2022

Analysis of statistical data of 189 countries showed a remarkable heterogeneity of the level of the Human Development Index (HDI). The article suggests the ways of overcoming the gap between developed and developing countries in terms of the HDI. Approximation of the quality of life of developing countries to the level of developed ones is a necessary condition for delivering humankind from global threats, namely, poverty, local wars, pandemics, mass illegal migration. Under these conditions, it is proposed to consider the possibility of conclusion of an international agreement to regulate population growth. The purpose of the article is to substantiate ways to synchronize the demographic policies of developing and developed countries, to reduce the unreasonably large gap in their HDI level, which contributes to poverty, the threat of pandemics, the capture of the living space of Europe and North America by migrants from poor countries, climate warming. A necessary condition for raising the HDI is population regulation. Compared to the level accumulated over many previous millennia, over the 70 post-war years, the anthropogenic load has tripled – from 2.5 to 7.8 billion people. In Europe, population growth has stopped. In North America, it occurs under the great influence of migration. Population control through fertility is necessary primarily in the African and Asian continents, as well as in Central and South America. The growth of the HDI of developing countries contributes to a reduction of the birth rate and population growth, poverty and, therefore, motives for migration, anthropogenic pressure. The problem of HDI growth due to population regulation is global. Therefore, the article proposes to develop an international agreement on population regulation, like the Paris agreement. As the limits of global population growth reached, the world community will have to move from the focus on GDP growth and profit maximization to the priorities of protecting the environment and human health. In the context of changing growth priorities, GDP as a key indicator of development, may be replaced with an indicator like the HDI.
Can Turkey Become a Gas Hub?
Authors: Eken E.
Published: September 2022

Since 1990s, Turkey has been committed to become an energy hub or center, which is, so far, one of the main pillars of contemporary national energy policy. Official documents do not directly mention the creation of a “gas hub” in Turkey as a main task, however all existing strategic plans focus on the development of Turkish gas market through creation of a predictable market and diversification of energy sources and suppliers. The latest requires the development of gas storage infrastructure, gas pipeline network, LNG and floating storage and regasification units (FSRU), and reorganization of energy enterprises. Approaches of various actors of Turkish energy policy regarding the ways of creating a gas hub still differ from each other: when liberals support the policy of reducing the share and role of state-owned companies in the market, others give priority to creating the necessary legislation and administrative conditions to ensure the transparent operation of state-owned companies while maintaining their vertically integrated structure. This study aims to identify the beneficial and unfavorable conditions in Turkey to achieve the mentioned goal. It is made up of four sections: the first section briefly examines the concept and criteria of a “gas hub”, the next one outlines the goals set in Turkey’s energy strategy and the last two sections put the strong and weak sides of the gas infrastructure and the market. Given the current state of the gas infrastructure and gas market, and also domestic and foreign political circumstances, it is still difficult to characterize Turkey as an “energy trading center/gas hub”, simultaneously, it is impossible to ignore its great potential and based on the criteria of the EU Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER), it can be concluded that Turkey belongs to the category of “emerging gas hubs”.