bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capitalismo, sonidos y procesos de subjetivación en la ciudad contemporánea
Authors: Pardo Salgado Carmen
Published: July 2017

Este texto tiene por objeto sondear algunos de los nexos que se tejen entre el sistema económico predominante, los sonidos que habitan la ciudad y la creación de procesos de subjetivación. Para ello, se parte de una primera aproximación a la percepción de la ciudad desde el oído, que conduce a la consideración de la ciudad como una máquina estética productora de la sensibilidad. A continuación, se analiza el vínculo entre máquina estética y capitalismo para atender a la modificación espacio-temporal que instauran los sistemas técnicos que rigen la ciudad. En este espacio-tiempo urbano y desde el oído, la hipersonorización se convierte en el rasgo fundamental de la máquina estética. El modo en el que la hipersonorización afecta al uso de la música en los grandes centros comerciales, o en los bares y restaurantes conduce, finalmente, a mostrar sus efectos sobre la producción de subjetividad.
ANALISA JENIS DAN SPESIFIKASI POMPA AIR BERSIH GEDUNG PABRIK PERAKITAN PT. ADM
Authors: Permana Dadang Suhendra
Published: July 2017

Suplai air bersih pada gedung Pabrik Perakitan PT ADM menggunakan sistem pemipaan dan pompa air untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Berdasarkan kenyataan di lapangan, tidak diketemukan data-data sekunder pendukung spesifikasi pompanya. Analisa dilakukan guna mengetahui apakah kapasitas pompa sesuai dengan sistem pemipaan yang terpasang di gedung. Sistem pemipaan yang dihitung adalah sistem pemipaan dari tangki air di dasar lantai menuju ke tangki air yang ada diatas gedung. Untuk menganalisa jenis dan spesifikasi pompa maka harus ditetapkan dulu debit air yang dibutuhkan, kapasitas komponen-komponen yang akan digunakan seperti diameter pipa, kapasitas tangki air di lantai dasar dan di atap gedung serta head total pada sistem pemipaan. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan didapat debit air yang dibutuhkan 0,02969 m3/min dan head total yang terjadi sebesar 15,9 m. Maka spesifikasi pompa yang diperlukan adalah 40 x 32A2 – 5 0,75. Spesifikasi pompa tersebut tidak jauh berbeda dengan yang sudah diterapkan dilapangan. Pompa tersebut tidak mengalami kavitasi karena NPSHa (14,119 m) > NPSHr (0,478 m)
PERBANDINGAN ANTARA BATAKO BETON MEKANIK DAN MANUAL
Authors: Umar Muhammad Zakaria , Rianty Hapsa
Published: July 2017

Dewasa ini penggunaan batako sebagai bahan dinding lebih dipilih karena praktis, cepat, kuat, dan ekonomis. Di Kota Kendari, batako dibuat dengan cara manual dan mekanik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan batako beton mekanik dan batako beton manual terhadap alat-alat kerja, bahan-bahan, dan cara pembuatan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan kausal komparatif. Penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa perbandingan antara batako mekanik dan manual dalam kategori alat kerja adalah lebih ekonomis menggunakan cetakan batako manual daripada menggunakan cetakan batako mekanik, karena harga satu unit mesin batako mekanik lebih mahal daripada cetakan batako manual. Dalam kategori pemakaian bahan adalah sama-sama ekonomis dan efektif, karena menggunakan bahan-bahan yang sederhana seperti pasir, semen, dan air. Dalam kategori cara membuat, batako mekanik lebih efektif dan efisien daripada batako manual, karena jumlah batako mekanik lebih banyak dan proses pengerjaan lebih cepat daripada batako manual.
Bem Viver: uma perspectiva (des)colonial das comunidades indígenas
Authors: Schlemer Alcântara Liliane Cristine , Cioce Sampaio Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2017

Neste artigo, propõe-se explorar o campo semântico do tema do “Bem Viver” em contraposição à crise civilizatória e ambiental provocada pelo capitalismo e seu aporte ideológico baseado no individualismo e no racionalismo. Para isto, utilizou-se uma metodologia descritiva-qualitativa com análise comparativa por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com dez estudantes universitários das comunidades indígenas Warequena, Baníwa, Xukuru do Orurobá, Tariána, Terena (Bananal e Cachoeirinha), Arapaso e Atikum-Umã. Os resultados apontam que a filosofia baseada no Bem Viver pode ser compreendida como processos de resistência das comunidades indígenas, frente aos conflitos socioambientais, culturais e econômicos resultantes da lógica produtivista dominante.
Selecting Railway Investments in 1890s America
Authors: Thompson Joel E.
Published: July 2017

The purpose of financial reporting is to provide information to investors and creditors to help them make rational decisions (Financial Accounting Standards Board [FASB] 2010). Tracing the development of investors' methods should help with understanding the role of financial accounting. This study examines investment practices involving railways in 1890s America. As such, it furthers our knowledge about the development of investment methods and their necessary information. Moreover, it shows that as investment methods grew in sophistication, there was an enhanced demand for greater comparability in accounting data to make meaningful analyses. Competing investment strategies, largely devoid of accounting information, are also discussed.
Stepwise via formation on multilayered metal/polymer structures by CO2 laser percussion drilling and its application to multilayered micro and nanoelectronic devices
Authors: Moon Yong-Ju , Kim Soogeun , Jeong Sungho , Domingues Dos Santos Fabrice , Choi Seung Tae
Published: July 2017

A novel method to drill stepwise vias on a multilayered metal/polymer structure by using a CO2 laser percussion drilling process is developed, in which the Gaussian intensity distribution of the CO2 laser and the differences in CO2 laser absorption and melting characteristics between the metal and polymer layers are understood to be the key factors. As a model device, gold and poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-clorotrifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)] films were alternatively stacked to form a multilayer structure, and the CO2 laser percussion drilling process was optimized to produce stepwise vias on the gold/P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) multilayer structure. After the deposition of an interconnection metal on the stepwise vias, the electrical resistance of the stepwise vias was measured and confirmed that the stepwise vias produced by the present method could provide a good electrical interconnection for multilayered metal/polymer electronic devices.
Comparison of European Interconnection and Operation Requirements for Wind Farms
Authors: Marcela-Martnez-Rojas  , Andreas Sumper  , Oriol-Gomis-Bellmunt  , Roberto-Villafa la-Robles  , Eduard-Valsera-Naranjo  , Antoni-Sudria
Published: July 2017

The necessity to provide clean energy, along with the latest technology developments in the eld of wind turbines, have been re ected by building bigger wind farms. This, combined with the integrated operation be tween wind farms and the grid, involves all the electric sys tem a ecting di erent aspects as transitory stability, volt age regulation, energy reserve management and the electric market. Most UE transmission system operators (TSO) have responded introducing technical regulations for wind farm interconnections. The present paper presents a com parison of some European grid codes for wind farms (WF), and their operative implications.
High Voltage Circuit Breakers:SF6vs. Vacuum
Authors: A. Iturregi  , E. Torres  , I. Zamora  , O. Abarrategui
Published: July 2017

As important as finding new renewable and environmentally friendly sources of energy is the fact of transmitting and distributing this energy in the safest and most efficient way. In this field, High Voltage Circuit Breakers (HV CB), designed for operation of the electric network under normal conditions as well as for the interruption of faulted conditions, have played an important role in power systems over 100 years. However, research, development and improvement of the design of CBs have not stopped in our nowadays expanding grid. The aim of this paper is to make a review of the existing different types of HV CB, comparing the most used one, SF6 CB, with the Vacuum CB, which has been developed and recently applied for HV, and could become the future environmental friendly HV CB.
Effects of flow direction and thermal short-circuiting on the performance of coaxial ground heat exchangers
Authors: E. Zanchini  , S. Lazzari  , A. Priarone
Published: July 2017

The effects of flow direction and thermal short-circuiting on the performance of coaxial ground heat exchangers are studied by finite-element simulations, performed through COMSOL Multiphysics 3.4 (©Comsol, Inc.). The real 2-D axisymmetric unsteady heat conduction and convection problem is considered. The distribution of the fluid bulk temperature in the inner circular tube is determined by means of the “weak boundary form” boundary condition available in COMSOL Multiphysics; the laminar convective heat transfer in the outer annular passage is simulated directly. Two Coaxial Ground Heat Exchangers (CGHEs) with the same length but different cross sections are examined; moreover, two values of the ground thermal conductivity, as well as two materials for the inner tube wall are considered. The results point out that the annulus-in flow direction (fluid inlet in the outer annular passage) is more efficient than the center-in flow direction (fluid inlet in the inner circular tube) and that the effect of short circuiting is not very important, if the annulus-in flow direction is employed. Indeed, with this inlet configuration the energy loss for thermal short-circuiting is less than 1% for time intervals longer than 1 hour.
Capacitor Switching Techniques
Authors: S.J. Kulas
Published: July 2017

Capacitance switching applications involve not only interrupting capacitive currents, but also the energizing of capacitor banks, cables and overhead lines. The interruption of a capacitive current can cause dielectric problems for the switching device. The high inrush currents can cause damage to the capacitors of the capacitors bank and to weld the contacts of the switch together. The problems of the capacitive inrush currents and ways to reduce the magnitude of the inrush current, have been chosen for analysis in this paper.
Estimating multimorbidity prevalence with the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System
Authors: Feely Allison , Lix Lisa M. , Reimer Kim
Published: July 2017

Introduction

The Public Health Agency of Canada’s Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance
System (CCDSS) uses a validated, standardized methodology to estimate prevalence of
individual chronic diseases, such as diabetes. Expansion of the CCDSS for surveillance
of multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases, could better
inform health promotion and disease prevention. The objective of this study was to
assess the feasibility of using the CCDSS to estimate multimorbidity prevalence.

Methods

We used administrative health data from seven provinces and three territories
and five validated chronic conditions (i.e. cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease,
mental illness, hypertension and diabetes) to estimate multimorbidity prevalence. We
produced age-standardized (using Canada’s 1991 population) and age-specific estimates
for two multimorbidity definitions: (1) two or more conditions, and (2) three or more
conditions from the five validated conditions, by sex, fiscal year and geography.

Results

Among Canadians aged 40 years and over in the fiscal year 2011/12, the prevalence
of two or more and three or more chronic conditions was 26.5% and 10.2%,
respectively, which is comparable to other estimates based on administrative health
data. The increase in multimorbidity prevalence with increasing age was similar across
provinces. The difference in prevalence for males and females varied by province and
territory. We observed substantial variation in estimates over time. Results were consistent
for the two definitions of multimorbidity.

Conclusion

The CCDSS methodology can produce comparative estimates of multimorbidity
prevalence across provinces and territories, but there are challenges in using it to
estimate temporal trends. Further expansion of the CCDSS in the number and breadth
of validated case definitions will improve the accuracy of multimorbidity surveillance
for the Canadian population.
orvosi tevékenység büntetőjogi szabályozásának vázlata különös tekintettel a foglalkozás körében elkövetett veszélyeztetés tényállására
Authors: Zákány Judit
Published: July 2017

Absztrakt nélkül
A kényszervallatás tényállásának értelmezéséhez
Authors: Gyöngy Réka
Published: July 2017

Absztrakt nélkül
PANAMA PAPERS DAN DISKURSUS TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN DATA DI INDONESIA: SUATU PERSPEKTIF TEORI KEADILAN BERMARTABAT
Authors: Kameo Jeferson
Published: July 2017

Abstrak
Setiap orang berhak atas perlindungan diri pribadi, keluarga, kehormatan, martabat, dan harta benda yang di bawah kekuasaannya, serta berhak atas rasa aman dan perlindungan dari ancaman ketakutan untuk berbuat atau tidak berbuat sesuatu yang merupakan hak asasi. Inilah rumusan dari Pasal 28 G Ayat (1) dari Undang-Undang Dasar, yang dinyatakan Perubahannya yang Kedua dalam suatu Ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia. Dalam rumusan ketentuan ini orang dapat menyuling semua asas yang mengatur perlindungan data dalam Sistem Hukum Pancasila.Di samping rumusan ketentuan di atas, sejumlah rumusan kaedah hukum lainnya berisi asas-asas yang sama dapat juga ditemukan dalam beberapa Undang-Undang yang berlaku dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Antara lain, UU No. 8 tahun 2011 tentang ITE. Penulis artikel ini berpendapat bahwa seluruh rumusan ketentuan dimaksud adalah bentuk-bentuk perwujudan diri dari jiwa bangsa (Volksgeist) tempat orang dapat menemukan asas-asas dan kaidah yang mengatur perlindungan data dalam Sistem Hukum Pancasila. Satu dari asas hukum yang melindungi data pribadi dapat digunakan untuk memecahkan skandal terkini, yaitu Panamapapers.

Abstract

Every person has the rights to get protection on his personal/privacy, family, honor, dignity and properties under his power, and has rights to feel secure and to get protection from fear of any threat in order to do or not to do something related to their fundamental rights. This is the formulation of the Article 28 G (1) of the Indonesian Basic Act, mentioned in its Second Amendment mentioned in the Decision of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia. In this stipulation one could distil all the legal principles governing data protection in the Pancasila Legal System. Apart from the stipulation mentioned above, some further formulation of legal rules contained similar principles may also be found in several Acts in the Indonesian legal system. Among those Acts, is the Act number 8 of 2011 concerning Information and Electronic Transaction. This writer argues that all of the stipulations are forms of manifestation of the spirit of the Indonesian people (Volksgeist) in which one could find rules and principles governing data protection in the Pancasila Legal System. One of the principles of Law that protect the personal data could be used in order to solve the rescent scandal called Panamapapers.
Kajian Dendrimer (Poly)Amidoamine (Pamam) Generasi 4 Sebagai Template Dalam Pembentukan Nanopartikel Secara In Silico
Authors: Sastyarina Yurika , Nafisah Zuhrotun , Yusuf Muhammad , Ramli Martalena , Mutalib Abdul , Soedjanaatmadja Ukun
Published: July 2017

Dendrimers are a class of highly branched synthetic polymers that has spherical form consist of three components: core, branch and terminal functional groups. One of dendrimer that has been commercialized is (Poly)amidoamine (PAMAM). PAMAM dendrimer used as a template in the preparation of gold nanoparticles. This research was studied the streched cavities of (Poly)amidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer generation 4 using in silico method. Structure of (Poly) amidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers generation 4 downloaded from Building Toolkit (DBT) Library and before the simulation structure was prepared. Then molecular dynamics simulations run using the AMBER program at 37Â°C in aqueous conditions. From analysis, obtained that the furthest distance of streched cavities at the closest distance from the core, region between residues 2 and 3 is 23.696 Ã… and at the terminal region between residues 100 and 122 is 58.045 Ã…
Prediction, Probability, and Pessimism in Thucydides
Authors: Thorne Nicholas
Published: July 2017

This paper aims to improve our understanding of the place of prediction and the unpredictable in Thucydides. The argument begins with the position of those who have declared the unpredictable to be dominant and shows how their position is inadequate taken on its own terms. The key question is how we are to relate the predictable aspect of history to the unpredictable. If we too strongly stress the latter side, we must produce an incoherent Thucydides. It is possible to resolve this difficulty by understanding prediction for Thucydides to be focused on probabilities rather than on specific outcomes, and this brings us to the conclusion that the predictable aspect is the more significant focus of his analysis of history.
Fieldwork of the Canadian Institute in Greece in 2014
Authors: Rupp David W. , Carter Tristan , Charami Alexandra , Burke Brendan , Burns Bryan , Bonias Zizis , Perreault Jacques Y. , Nakassis Dimitri , Gallimore Scott , James Sarah , Karapanou Sophia , Haagsma Margriet J.
Published: July 2017

The archaeological fieldwork conducted in Greece in 2014 under the aegis of the Canadian Institute in Greece is summarized here based on the presentation given by the Director at the Institute’s annual Open Meeting in Athens in May 2015.
Towards Social Justice in Institutions of Higher Learning: Addressing Gender Inequality in Science & Technology through Capability Approach
Authors: Kameshwara Kalyan , Shukla Tanu
Published: July 2017

The focus of the study is to examine and relocate gender equality in higher education using Capability Approach as the background frame. The paper discusses how gender relations are rooted in the socio-cultural matrix in India. It attempts to explore the factors prevalent in the structure which impacts woman’s opportunities and functionalities in the higher education. The database includes faculty from one of the central universities of South India, the study deals with the dynamics of constructs in Science and Technology indicating socio-psychological obstructions faced by women. Based on thorough analysis, the oppressed capabilities are conceptualized thereby enabling the researchers to relocate the gender equality and the capabilities that need to be enriched for women can be contemplated which helps in reducing the existing disparity. The intention of the study is essentially not to quantify the attributes of inequality to make them measurable but to choose attributes which enable an effective comparative basis to address inequality. The empirical study reveals an existence of the element of stereotyping as a single entity and capability approach restores the uniqueness by the fractional combination of capabilities listed.
Potential Model Overfitting in Predicting Soil Carbon Content by Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Reyna Lizardo , Dube Francis , Barrera Juan A. , Zagal Erick
Published: July 2017

Soil spectroscopy is known as a rapid and cost-effective method for predicting soil properties from spectral data. The objective of this work was to build a statistical model to predict soil carbon content from spectral data by partial least squares regression using a limited number of soil samples. Soil samples were collected from two soil orders (Andisol and Ultisol), where the dominant land cover is native Nothofagus forest. Total carbon was analyzed in the laboratory and samples were scanned using a spectroradiometer. We found evidence that the reflectance was influenced by soil carbon content, which is consistent with the literature. However, the reflectance was not useful for building an appropriate regression model. Thus, we report here intriguing results obtained in the calibration process that can be confusing and misinterpreted. For instance, using the Savitzky–Golay filter for pre-processing spectral data, we obtained R2 = 0.82 and root-mean-squared error (RMSE) = 0.61% in model calibration. However, despite these values being comparable with those of other similar studies, in the cross-validation procedure, the data showed an unusual behavior that leads to the conclusion that the model overfits the data. This indicates that the model should not be used on unobserved data.
Climate and Production: The Case of the Administrative Region of Grande Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Berezuk André Geraldo , Silva Charlei Aparecido da , Lamoso Lisandra Pereira , Schneider Heverton
Published: July 2017

In the academic literature we can find a wide range of studies in climatology which show that current land management methods are contributing to an increase in environmental impact on the planet. These studies in climatology not only analyze atmospheric data, but also require a wide knowledge of the researcher’s regional interests for territorial planning. This article aims to explain the characteristics and tendencies used in the territory of the administrative region of Grande Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and the environmental implications of this process of land exploration. Then, we analyze several climatological surveys carried out by the physical geography laboratory of the Federal University of Grande Dourados and the socio-economic and environmental research group of Mato Grosso do Sul. The results demonstrate how important it is to develop strong measures to valorize environmental actions in the area. Climatic parameters can also exacerbate more extreme regional climate patterns, an exacerbation that has a strong spatio-temporal aspect, and also has a direct relation to the various climatological scales. This type of research is pioneering work in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and in Brazil, and it will contribute to further academic work which will discuss the important relations between land production and climate impact in the near future.
Technological Strategies to Preserve Burrata Cheese Quality
Authors: Costa Cristina , Lucera Annalisa , Conte Amalia , Zambrini Angelo , Del Nobile Matteo
Published: July 2017

Burrata cheese is a very perishable product due to microbial proliferation and undesirable sensory changes. In this work, a step-by-step optimization approach was used to design proper processing and packaging conditions for burrata in brine. In particular, four different steps were carried out to extend its shelf life. Different headspace gas compositions (MAP-1 30:70 CO2:N2; MAP-2 50:50 CO2:N2 and MAP-3 65:35 CO2:N2) were firstly tested. To further promote product preservation, a coating was also optimized. Then, antimicrobial compounds in the filling of the burrata cheese (lysozyme and Na2-EDTA) and later in the coating (enzymatic complex and silver nanoparticles) were analyzed. To evaluate the quality of the samples, in each step headspace gas composition, microbial population, and pH and sensory attributes were monitored during storage at 8 ± 1 °C. The results highlight that the antimicrobial compounds in the stracciatella, coating with silver nanoparticles, and packaging under MAP-3 represent effective conditions to guarantee product preservation, moving burrata shelf life from three days (control sample) to ten days.
Mesocrystals: Past, Presence, Future
Authors: Sturm (née Rosseeva) Elena , Cölfen Helmut
Published: July 2017

In this review, we briefly summarize the history of mesocrystal research. We introduce the current structural definition of mesocrystals and discuss the appropriate base for the classification of mesocrystals and their relations with other classes of solid state materials in terms of their structure. Building up on this, we comment on the problems in mesocrystal research both fundamental and methodological. Additionally, we make the short overview of the mesocrystal formation principles and synthetic routes used for their fabrications. As an outlook into the future, we highlight the most notable trends in mesocrystal research and developments.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties of a New Supramolecular Polymer Based on Mixed Imidazole and Carboxylate Ligands
Authors: Zhu Mei-An , Shi Shan-Shan , Han Shuai-Shuai , Mei Jin , Chen Shui-Sheng
Published: July 2017

One new coordination polymer, namely, [Cd3(H2L)3(Pza)2(H2O)2]n (1) was synthesized by the reaction of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O with 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene (H2L) and 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid (H3pza) and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The H3pza ligand was completely deprotonated to pza3−, which bridged the Cd2+ to form one-dimensional (1D) chain. The adjacent 1D chains were further linked into the two-dimensional (2D) layer by the linear H2L ligands. The weak interaction, including hydrogen bonds and π−π stacking interactions, extends the 2D layers into three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular polymer. Complex 1 shows intense light blue emission in the solid state at room temperature.
Halogen-Bonded Co-Crystals of Aromatic N-oxides: Polydentate Acceptors for Halogen and Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Puttreddy Rakesh , Topić Filip , Valkonen Arto , Rissanen Kari
Published: July 2017

Seventeen new halogen-bonded co-crystals characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis are presented from 8 × 4 combinations using methyl-substituted pyridine N-oxides and 1,ω-diiodoperfluoroalkanes. The N−O group in six of 17 co-crystals is monodentate and 11 have μ-O,O bidentate halogen bond acceptor modes. Remarkably, the N−O group in co-crystals of 3-methyl-, 4-methyl- and 3,4-dimethylpyridineN-oxides with octafluoro-1,4-diiodobutane acted as a μ-O,O,O,O halogen and hydrogen bond acceptor, while acting as a μ-O,O,O acceptor in the co-crystal of 2,5-dimethylpyridineN-oxide and tetrafluoro-1,2-diiodoethane. The C−H···O−N hydrogen bonds demonstrated the polydentate cooperativity of the N−O group as a mixed halogen-hydrogen bond acceptor. The co-crystal of 2,4,6-trimethylpyridineN-oxide and dodecafluoro-1,6-diiodohexane exhibited C−I···O−−N+ halogen bonds with RXB value 0.76, the shortest of its kind compared to previously reported structures. The RXB values between 0.76 and 0.83 suggested that the C−I···O−−N halogen bonds are moderately strong compared to our previously studied N−−I···O−−N system, with RXB in the order 0.66.
Does Stream Size Really Explain Biodiversity Patterns in Lotic Systems? A Call for Mechanistic Explanations
Authors: Vander Vorste Ross , McElmurray Philip , Bell Spencer , Eliason Kevin , Brown Bryan
Published: July 2017

Understanding drivers of biodiversity is a long-standing goal of basic and applied ecological research. In riverine systems, there remains a critical need to identify these drivers as efforts to manage and protect rivers grow increasingly desperate in the face of global change. We explored one commonly cited potential driver of riverine biodiversity, stream size (e.g., stream order, watershed area, width), using a systematic literature review paired with an analysis of broad-scale macroinvertebrate and fish communities. Of the 165 papers reviewed, we found mostly positive, but no universal, relationship between biodiversity and stream size despite inconsistent use of over 30 measures of stream size. One-third of studies failed to report explanatory mechanisms driving biodiversity–stream size relationships. Across over 4000 macroinvertebrate and fish samples from 1st–8th order streams in the contiguous USA, our analysis showed biodiversity (Shannon diversity, functional diversity, beta diversity) generally increased with measures of stream size. However, because of inconsistent and generally weak relationships between biodiversity and stream size across organismal groups, we emphasize the need to look beyond simple physical stream size measures to understand and predict riverine biodiversity, and strongly suggest that studies search for more mechanistic explanations of biodiversity patterns in lotic systems.
Assembling the Assemblage: Developing Schizocartography in Support of an Urban Semiology
Authors: Richardson Tina
Published: July 2017

Abstracts: This article looks at the formulation of a methodology that incorporates a walking-based practice and borrows from a variety of theories in order to create a flexible tool that is able to critique and express the multiplicities of experiences produced by moving about the built environment. Inherent in postmodernism is the availability of a multitude of objects (or texts) available for reuse, reinterpretation, and appropriation under the umbrella of bricolage. The author discusses her development of schizocartography (the conflation of a phrase belonging to Félix Guattari) and how she has incorporated elements from Situationist psychogeography, Marxist geography, and poststructural theory and placed them alongside theories that examine subjectivity. This toolbox enables multiple possibilities for interpretation which reflect the actual heterogeneity of place and also mirror the complexities that are integral in challenging the totalizing perspective of space that capitalism encourages.
Challenges and Opportunities for Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into WaSH Development Planning in Ghana
Authors: Alhassan Salley , Hadwen Wade L.
Published: July 2017

Climate change threatens water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) facilities and services, as these are intimately linked to the water cycle and are vulnerable to changes in the quantity and quality of available water resources. Floods and droughts, which pollute and reduce water delivery respectively, have now become a perennial issue to deal with in the northern regions of Ghana. This study aimed to assess the degree to which climate change adaptation measures are mainstreamed into the water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) development planning process in Ghana. Stakeholders from government and non-government agencies were interviewed to gain perspectives on the threat of climate change, the inclusion of climate change in WaSH planning and the barriers preventing mainstreaming. Despite awareness of climate change, adaptation measures have not been considered, and the immediate WaSH needs remain the priority. Overall, stakeholders felt the adaptive capacity of the Municipality was low and that mainstreaming has not yet occurred. Despite the lack of progress, there are great opportunities for mainstreaming climate change adaptation into planning through increasing awareness and capacity, legislative and institutional changes and the development of participatory systems to provide early warning systems and disaster risk analyses that will inform future planning.
The Cell Surface Markers Expression in Postmenopausal Women and Relation to Obesity and Bone Status
Authors: Horváthová Mira , Ilavská Silvia , Štefíková Kornélia , Szabová Michaela , Krivošíková Zora , Jahnová Eva , Tulinská Jana , Spustová Viera , Gajdoš Martin
Published: July 2017

The age-related changes and hormonal deprivation in postmenopausal women are associated with the immune response alteration. The excessive fat accumulation, local and systemic inflammation may lead to dysregulation in immune function and relevant health problems, including obesity and osteoporosis. We analyzed the expression of cell surface markers in the venous blood specimens, stained with fluorophores-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and analysed by multicolour flow cytometry. The significant changes of cytotoxic, naive, and memory T-lymphocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) were in postmenopausal women versus fertile women. Body mass index (BMI) affected markedly the cell surface expression of CD265/RANK. Osteoporosis is linked to reduced percentage of plasmacytoid DCs, and elevated natural Treg cells (p < 0.05). The confounding factors such as women age, BMI, bone mineral density (BMD), waist size and tissue fat affect the expression of RANK on myeloid DCs and CD40L on T-lymphocytes that might be the immunophenotypic modulators after menopause.
A Method for Estimating Surveillance Video Georeferences
Authors: Milosavljević Aleksandar , Rančić Dejan , Dimitrijević Aleksandar , Predić Bratislav , Mihajlović Vladan
Published: July 2017

The integration of a surveillance camera video with a three-dimensional (3D) geographic information system (GIS) requires the georeferencing of that video. Since a video consists of separate frames, each frame must be georeferenced. To georeference a video frame, we rely on the information about the camera view at the moment that the frame was captured. A camera view in 3D space is completely determined by the camera position, orientation, and field-of-view. Since the accurate measuring of these parameters can be extremely difficult, in this paper we propose a method for their estimation based on matching video frame coordinates of certain point features with their 3D geographic locations. To obtain these coordinates, we rely on high-resolution orthophotos and digital elevation models (DEM) of the area of interest. Once an adequate number of points are matched, Levenberg–Marquardt iterative optimization is applied to find the most suitable video frame georeference, i.e., position and orientation of the camera.
Jamaica’s Critically Endangered Butterfly: A Review of the Biology and Conservation Status of the Homerus Swallowtail (Papilio (Pterourus) homerus Fabricius)
Authors: Lehnert Matthew S. , Kramer Valerie R. , Rawlins John E. , Verdecia Vanessa , Daniels Jaret C.
Published: July 2017

The Homerus swallowtail, Papilio (Pterourus) homerus Fabricius, is listed as an endangered species and is endemic to the Caribbean island of Jamaica. The largest butterfly in the Western Hemisphere, P. homerus once inhabited seven of Jamaica’s 14 parishes and consisted of at least three populations; however, now only two stronghold populations remain, a western population in the rugged Cockpit Country and an eastern population in the Blue and John Crow Mountains. Despite numerous studies of its life history, much about the population biology, including estimates of total numbers of individuals in each population, remains unknown. In addition, a breeding program is needed to establish an experimental population, which could be used to augment wild populations and ensure the continued survival of the species. Here, we present a review of the biology of P. homerus and recommendations for a conservation plan.
Effect of Fe-Content on the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Al Alloys during Hot Compression
Authors: Lu Hongzhou , Hou Zeran , Ma Mingtu , Lu Guimin
Published: July 2017

It is unavoidable that Fe impurities will be mixed into Al alloys during recycling of automotive aluminum parts, and the Fe content has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the recycled Al alloys. In this work, hot compression tests of two Fe-containing Al alloys were carried out at elevated temperatures within a wide strain rate range from 0.01 s−1 to 10 s−1. The effect of Fe content on the peak stress of the stress vs. strain curves, strain rate sensitivity and activation energy for dynamic recrystallization are analyzed. Results show that the recycled Al alloy containing 0.5 wt % Fe exhibits higher peak stresses and larger activation energy than the recycled Al alloy containing 0.1 wt % Fe, which results from the fact that there are more dispersed AlMgFeSi and/or AlFeSi precipitates in the recycled Al alloy containing 0.5 wt % Fe as confirmed by SEM observation and energy spectrum analysis. It is also shown that the Fe content has little effect on the strain rate sensitivity of the recycled Al alloys.
Review of Ligand Specificity Factors for CYP1A Subfamily Enzymes from Molecular Modeling Studies Reported to-Date
Authors: Sridhar Jayalakshmi , Goyal Navneet , Liu Jiawang , Foroozesh Maryam
Published: July 2017

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family 1A enzymes, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, are two of the most important enzymes implicated in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds through oxidation. These enzymes are also known to metabolize environmental procarcinogens into carcinogenic species, leading to the advent of several types of cancer. The development of selective inhibitors for these P450 enzymes, mitigating procarcinogenic oxidative effects, has been the focus of many studies in recent years. CYP1A1 is mainly found in extrahepatic tissues while CYP1A2 is the major CYP enzyme in human liver. Many molecules have been found to be metabolized by both of these enzymes, with varying rates and/or positions of oxidation. A complete understanding of the factors that govern the specificity and potency for the two CYP 1A enzymes is critical to the development of effective inhibitors. Computational molecular modeling tools have been used by several research groups to decipher the specificity and potency factors of the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 substrates. In this review, we perform a thorough analysis of the computational studies that are ligand-based and protein-ligand complex-based to catalog the various factors that govern the specificity/potency toward these two enzymes.
The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Size, Produced Using Plant Extract from Arbutus unedo, on Their Antibacterial Efficacy
Authors: Skandalis Nicholas , Dimopoulou Anastasia , Georgopoulou Anthie , Gallios Nikolaos , Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Tsipas Dimitrios , Theologidis Ioannis , Michailidis Nikolaos , Chatzinikolaidou Maria
Published: July 2017

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been demonstrated to restrain bacterial growth, while maintaining minimal risk in development of bacterial resistance and human cell toxicity that conventional silver compounds exhibit. Several physical and chemical methods have been reported to synthesize AgNPs. However, these methods are expensive and involve heavy chemical reduction agents. An alternative approach to produce AgNPs in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way employs a biological pathway using various plant extracts to reduce metal ions. The size control issue, and the stability of nanoparticles, remain some of the latest challenges in such methods. In this study, we used two different concentrations of fresh leaf extract of the plant Arbutus unedo (LEA) as a reducing and stabilizing agent to produce two size variations of AgNPs. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and zeta potential were applied for the characterization of AgNPs. Both AgNP variations were evaluated for their antibacterial efficacy against the gram-negative species Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the gram-positive species Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Although significant differences have been achieved in the nanoparticles’ size by varying the plant extract concentration during synthesis, the antibacterial effect was almost the same.
Benefits and Factors Influencing the Design of Intergenerational Digital Games: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: De la Hera Teresa , Loos Eugène , Simons Monique , Blom Joleen
Published: July 2017

The main purpose of this paper is to review the benefits and factors to be taken into consideration for the design of intergenerational digital games. We conducted a systematic in Scopus, Web of Science, PsicInfo, Pubmed and Science Direct, finally including 16 empirical studies written in English. The identified benefits were found to fall into four main categories, i.e., (1) reinforcing family bond, (2) enhancing reciprocal learning (3) increasing understanding of the other generation and (4) reducing social anxiety. According to the literature, two types of factors are important to take into consideration: player-centric and game-centric factors. We identified the nature of the interactions between older (55–81 year-olds) and younger players (4–22 year-olds), their motivations to play digital games and the difference in abilities as the main player-centric factors to take into account when designing intergenerational games. The most relevant game-centric factors were found to be goal-related and space-related forms of interaction. To gain more insight into how specific benefits of playing digital games are related to a type of game, gender or age of the participant, additional empirical studies (comparative analyses), that take these factors into account are needed.
Efficiency of Mn Removal of Different Filtration Materials for Groundwater Treatment Linking Chemical and Physical Properties
Authors: Jeż-Walkowiak Joanna , Dymaczewski Zbysław , Szuster-Janiaczyk Agnieszka , Nowicka Ariadna , Szybowicz Mirosław
Published: July 2017

This paper presents research on Fe and Mn removal from groundwater. In treatment systems of aeration followed by rapid filtration (no chemical dosage), manganese removal is possible due to the manganese dioxide catalyst present on the grains of filtration material. The goal of the presented research was to find a correlation between the catalyst layer’s composition as well as its internal porosity and the effectiveness and stability of manganese removal in the filtration process. In order to establish the influence of catalyst characteristics on manganese removal effectiveness, the filtration experiment was conducted using filtration materials with catalytic contact layers of different origin. Oxide coated auto-activated silica sand and Gabon manganese ore were tested. Inactive silica sand was used as reference. The results of filtration experiments were combined with analyses of chemical composition, internal porosity, and crystalline parameters of catalyst contact layers of grains. For the determination catalyst contact layer parameters, the following methods were used: Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDAX), nitrogen adsorption. Pilot scale research on the filtration process demonstrated that auto-activated filtration material was characterized by the highest efficiency of manganese removal and stability of effects during the whole research. The effectiveness of Gabon manganese ore dropped from 90% and stabilized on the level of ca. 60% within 15 days of the experiment.
Actual and Reference Evapotranspiration in a Cornfield in the Zhangye Oasis, Northwestern China
Authors: Gu Lianglei , Hu Zeyong , Yao Jimin , Sun Genhou
Published: July 2017

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the surface energy balance and water cycle, especially in arid and semiarid regions. The characteristics of the actual evapotranspiration (ETa), which was calculated using the eddy covariance method, and the reference evapotranspiration (ET0), which was estimated using the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Penman–Monteith method, were analysed. This work focussed on the seasonal variations in evapotranspiration and crop coefficient (Kc) above the heterogeneous canopy of an arid oasis ecosystem in a cornfield of the Zhangye oasis in northwestern China. The results showed that in 2008, the total net radiation (Rn) was 2457.73 MJ∙m−2 and that the rainfall was 117 mm. The average wind velocity, air temperature, and specific humidity, which were observed 2 m above the ground surface, were 1.23 m∙s−1, 7.07 °C, and 3.66 g∙kg−1, respectively. The total ETa and ET0 were 654.69 mm and 1039.92 mm, respectively; thus, the ET0 was higher than the ETa. The difference between the ET0 and ETa was high in summer and autumn, and low in winter and spring. The ETa was greatly influenced by irrigation events, whereas the ET0 was not influenced by irrigation. The ETa and ET0 were both greatly influenced by meteorological elements. The Kc values were less than 0.5 outside of the maize-growing stage and greater than 0.5 during the entire maize-growing stage (from 20 April to 22 September 2008). The Kc values were 0.63, 0.75, 0.78, 0.76, 0.61 and 0.71 at the seedling, shooting, heading, filling, and maturity stages and the entire growth stage, respectively.
High-resolution Observations of the Massive Protostar in IRAS 18566+0408
Authors: Hofner P. , Cesaroni R. , Kurtz S. , Rosero V. , Anderson C. , Furuya R. S. , Araya E. D. , Molinari S.
Published: July 2017

We report 3 mm continuum, CH3CN(5–4) and 13CS(2–1) line observations with CARMA (Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy), in conjunction with 6 and 1.3 cm continuum VLA data, and 12 and 25 μm broadband data from the Subaru Telescope toward the massive proto-star IRAS 18566+0408. The VLA data resolve the ionized jet into four components aligned in the E–W direction. Radio components A, C, and D have flat centimeter SEDs indicative of optically thin emission from ionized gas, and component B has a spectral index α = 1.0, and a decreasing size with frequency

∝

ν

−
0.5

. Emission from the CARMA 3 mm continuum and from the 13CS(2–1) and CH3CN(5–4) spectral lines is compact (i.e.,

<
6700

au

) and peaks near the position of the VLA centimeter source, component B. Analysis of these lines indicates hot and dense molecular gas, which is typical for HMCs. Our Subaru telescope observations detect a single compact source, coincident with radio component B, demonstrating that most of the energy in IRAS 18566+0408 originates from a region of size

<
2400

au

. We also present UKIRT near-infrared archival data for IRAS 18566+0408, which show extended K-band emission along the jet direction. We detect an E–W velocity shift of about 10 km s−1 over the HMC in the CH3CN lines possibly tracing the interface of the ionized jet with the surrounding core gas. Our data demonstrate the presence of an ionized jet at the base of the molecular outflow and support the hypothesis that massive protostars with O-type luminosity form with a mechanism similar to lower mass stars.
Educação financeira por meio de dados reais: atividades didáticas para a educação básica
Authors: Gadotti Ana Carolina , Baier Tânia
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho apresenta parte de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências Naturais e Matemática da Universidade Regional de Blumenau. O objetivo deste trabalho é elaborar e aplicar atividades didáticas para a educação básica sobre o tema Educação Financeira fundamentadas em dados reais, colaborando para preparar os estudantes para o consumo sustentável e para uma vida financeira responsável. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 26 estudantes de uma turma dos anos finais do ensino fundamental de uma escola localizada na cidade de Blumenau-SC. A Educação Financeira pode contribuir no processo da construção da cidadania, colaborando para tornar o estudante mais autônomo e preparado para tomar melhores decisões no campo econômico e financeiro. Neste trabalho são descritas duas atividades desenvolvidas com os estudantes durante as aulas de Matemática.
Utilização de um rastreador ocular para análise de estratégias de leitura de programas de computador por discentes
Authors: Alberton Bianca Visineski , Lee Diego Gabriel , Lie Maiko Min Ian , Gamba Humberto Remigio , Borba Gustavo Benvenutti
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo relata a elaboração e execução de um experimento para analisar as estratégias empregadas por discentes na leitura de programas escritos na linguagem C. Foi utilizado um rastreador ocular para determinar as regiões observadas no código e, a partir destas regiões, quais as estratégias de leitura utilizadas. Para determinar estas áreas, foram capturadas as fixações em cada linha do programa. Por meio da análise dos movimentos oculares foi possível verificar a ocorrência do padrão de primeira leitura descrito na literatura.  A divisão do código em blocos semânticos revelou que os estudantes passam a maior parte do tempo no bloco de processamento e que as transições entre os blocos ocorrem de forma bastante dinâmica. Os resultados indicam que variações na sintaxe das linguagens de programação utilizadas são um aspecto tão importante quanto o tempo de experiência na depuração de defeitos lógicos simples em códigos-fonte de programas de computador.