bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differentiated effects of the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine on sleep architecture: Part 1, a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic comparison with paroxetine in healthy men
Authors: Wilson Sue , Højer Astrid-Maria , Buchberg Jeppe , Areberg Johan , Nutt David J
Published: August 2015

We compared the effect of vortioxetine, paroxetine and placebo after three days of dosing on sleep architecture. This was a randomised, double-blind, four-way crossover, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study in 24 healthy young men. Subjects received 20mg vortioxetine, 40mg vortioxetine, 20mg paroxetine or placebo for three consecutive days in four different periods with at least three weeks between them. Polysomnography and blood sampling for pharmacokinetic analysis were performed on the pre-dose night and nights 1 and 3 of dosing in each period. Plasma concentrations of vortioxetine and paroxetine during the polysomnography measurement were used to estimate SERT occupancies using published relationships in healthy subjects.

All three active treatments significantly increased REM onset latency and decreased time spent in REM sleep. In the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics analysis significant relationships were found between REM onset latency and time spent in REM sleep and vortioxetine/paroxetine exposure. The relation between REM suppression parameters and SERT occupancy was significantly different between vortioxetine and paroxetine, despite the same SERT occupancy. This indicates that vortioxetine has a different clinical pharmacological profile from paroxetine, which may explain the differences in adverse effect profile of the two drugs, for instance the lower incidence of nausea, weight gain and sexual dysfunction with vortioxetine.
Endovascular treatment of acute and chronic portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver
Authors: Rosenqvist Kerstin , Eriksson Lars-Gunnar , Rorsman Fredrik , Sangfelt Per , Nyman Rickard
Published: August 2015

Background

Treatment of patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) differs due to different etiology and wide range of symptoms but certain patients seems to benefit from endovascular intervention.

Purpose

To assess the safety and efficiency of endovascular treatment of acute and chronic PVT in patients with cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver.

Material and Methods

Twenty-one patients with PVT treated with an endovascular procedure in 2002–2013 were studied retrospectively. Data on etiology, onset and extension of thrombus, presenting symptoms, methods of intervention, portal pressure gradients, complications, recurrence of symptoms, re-interventions, clinical status at latest follow-up, and survival were collected.

Results

Four non-cirrhotic patients with acute extensive PVT and bowel ischemia were treated with local thrombolysis, in three combined with placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement. Three recovered and have survived more than 6 years. In six non-cirrhotic patients with chronic PVT and acute or threatening variceal bleeding recanalization and TIPS were successful in three and failed in three. Eleven cirrhotic patients with PVT and variceal bleeding or refractory ascites were successfully treated with recanalization and TIPS. Re-intervention was performed in five of these patients and five patients died, three within 12 months of intervention. Four cirrhotic patients had episodes of shunt-related encephalopathy and three had variceal re-bleeding.

Conclusion

TIPS was found to be effective in reducing portal hypertension in patients with PVT. In patients with extensive PVT and bowel ischemia treatment with TIPS combined with thrombolysis should be considered.
Peroneal tendon pathology evaluation using the oblique sagittal plane in ankle MR imaging
Authors: Park Hee Jin , Lee So Yeon , Kim Eugene , Kim Mi Sung , Chung Eun Chul , Choi Seon Hyung , Yun Ji Sup
Published: August 2015

Background

Because peroneal tendons course from the lateral side of the proximal fibula through the posterior side of the distal fibula, correct diagnosis of the tendon pathology on an orthogonal sagittal plane can be difficult.

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of oblique sagittal imaging (peroneal view) for evaluation of peroneal tendon pathology.

Material and Methods

This retrospective study included 69 patients at our institution who underwent routine ankle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the peroneal view. Twenty-three patients underwent arthroscopy. Anatomic identification of the peroneal tendons on orthogonal sagittal MRI sequences and peroneal views were evaluated. Two radiologists evaluated the peroneal tendons based on an entire length view, an entire width view, and margin sharpness using a 4-point scale. Diagnostic accuracy using orthogonal sagittal and peroneal views was evaluated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Arthroscopic or clinical findings were used as the reference standard.

Results

Total anatomical scores on the peroneal view were higher than those of the orthogonal sagittal views ( P < 0.001). Both readers were able to identify anatomy of the tendon using the full length, full width and sharp margin, and determined that the peroneal view was better when compared with the orthogonal sagittal views ( P < 0.001). Although the sensitivity and accuracy of the peroneal view in the diagnosis of peroneal tendon injury were slightly higher than orthogonal view, the values were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Peroneal views provide better anatomic evaluation of the peroneal tendons itself, although cannot show significant superiority in the diagnostic performances.
MR imaging findings of pilomatricomas: a radiological–pathological correlation
Authors: Kato Hiroki , Kanematsu Masayuki , Watanabe Haruo , Nagano Akihito , Shu En , Seishima Mariko , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko
Published: August 2015

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of pilomatricomas have yet to be determined.

Purpose

To assess the correlation between MRI and pathological findings of pilomatricomas.

Material and Methods

MR images were obtained on patients with histologically proven pilomatricomas using a 1.5-T MR scanner. The images were retrospectively reviewed for size, signal intensity compared with skeletal muscles, and enhancement patterns. Furthermore, we assessed the presence of a reticular appearance, a ring-like appearance, and peritumoral fat stranding.

Results

We included 11 consecutive patients with 12 histologically proven pilomatricomas (3 boys/men, 8 girls/women; age range, 4–76 years; mean age, 20 years; median age, 14 years). The tumors were located in the head and neck ( n = 6), upper extremities ( n = 5), and lower extremities ( n = 1). The maximum tumor diameter was in the range of 7–32 mm (mean, 16.5 mm). On T2-weighted (T2W) images, five tumors showed homogeneous hypointensity, whereas six showed reticular hyperintensity and one showed cystic hyperintensity. On fat-suppressed T2W images, nine tumors showed reticular hyperintensity, eight showed ring-like hyperintensity, and five showed peritumoral fat stranding. On fat-suppressed gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted (T1W) images, one tumor showed no enhancement, whereas three showed reticular enhancement and five showed ring-like enhancement. Histologically, edematous and fibrous stroma was observed in 10 tumors, tumor capsules in 11, and inflammatory cell infiltration of the peritumoral fat tissue in nine.

Conclusion

MRI features of pilomatricomas included reticular and ring-like hyperintensities on fat-suppressed T2W images and reticular and ring-like enhancement on fat-suppressed gadolinium-enhanced T1W images.
Significance of combined use of MRI and perfusion SPECT for evaluation of multiple system atrophy, cerebellar type
Authors: Miyoshi Fuminori , Kanasaki Yoshiko , Shinohara Yuki , Fujii Shinya , Kaminou Toshio , Tanabe Yoshio , Ogawa Toshihide
Published: August 2015

Background

Multiple system atrophy, cerebellar type (MSA-C) sometimes shows asymmetrical findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Purpose

To assess the frequency and clinical significance of asymmetrical MRI and 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer perfusion (ECD) SPECT findings of the cerebellum, middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), and pons in MSA-C patients.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients with MSA-C who underwent MRI and 99mTc-ECD SPECT and evaluated laterality of atrophy and signal changes on MRI, and laterality of perfusion on 99mTc-ECD SPECT transversely and longitudinally.

Results

Laterality was identified for 64%, 61%, and 21% of atrophy in the cerebellum, MCP, and pons, respectively, on MRI and for 71% of atrophy in the cerebellum on perfusion SPECT. Concerning comparisons between the latest MRI and SPECT findings, laterality of cerebellar/MCP atrophy on MRI and decreased cerebellar perfusion on SPECT was matched in 57%, mismatched in 11%, and absent in 25% of patients. On past images, MRI and SPECT showed matched laterality in 33%, mismatched laterality in 27%, no laterality in 13%, and SPECT precedent laterality in 27% of patients. Including the latest and past images, asymmetrical changes were observed in 75% of patients. We could not identify any correlation between laterality of image findings and cerebellar symptoms in most patients.

Conclusion

Asymmetrical changes on MRI and perfusion SPECT are common in MSA-C patients. Perfusion SPECT is useful for diagnosing MSA-C in the early stages from a functional perspective.
Glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange saturation transfer at 3T MRI in asymptomatic knee joints
Authors: Schleich Christoph , Bittersohl Bernd , Miese Falk , Schmitt Benjamin , Müller-Lutz Anja , Sondern Malte , Antoch Gerald , Krauspe Rüdiger , Zilkens Christoph
Published: August 2015

Background

Biochemical alterations such as glycosaminoglycan (GAG) depletion occur early in the course of osteoarthritis, but cannot be detected with standard magnetic resonance techniques. With glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange saturation transfer (gagCEST), a biochemical imaging technique, it is feasible to detect biochemical components in knee joint cartilage.

Purpose

To establish baseline values for gagCEST magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in knee joint cartilage at 3 Tesla (T).

Material and Methods

Twenty volunteers (8 women, 12 men; mean age, 24.55 ± 2.35 years;age range, 21–29 years) with no history or clinical findings indicative of knee joint pathologies underwent MRI at 3T. The imaging protocol included three-dimensional (3D) double-echo steady-state sequence for morphological cartilage assessment and a prototype 3D CEST pulse sequence to evaluate the CEST effects in six cartilage regions of the knee joint: (i) lateral femoral condyle; (ii) medial femoral condyle; (iii) lateral tibial plateau; (iv) medial tibial plateau; (v) patella; and (vi) trochlea. We used the asymmetry of the magnetization transfer ratio (MTRasym) parameter to quantify the gagCEST effects in these regions.

Results

Regional differences revealed high MTRasym values in the patellar (1.62% ± 1.19%) and the trochlear (1.17% ± 1.29%) cartilages, and low MTRasym values in the medial femoral condyle (0.41% ± 0.58%) and the lateral tibial plateau (0.52% ± 0.53%) cartilages.

Conclusion

Regional differences in the gagCEST values must be considered when conducting gagCEST imaging of knee joint cartilage. In the future gagCEST imaging may be an additional feature in the evaluation of the biochemical composition of knee joint cartilage.
Race Differences in Patterns of Risky Behavior and Associated Risk Factors in Adolescence
Authors: Childs Kristina K. , Ray James V.
Published: August 2015

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), this study expands on previous research by (a) examining differences across race in patterns or “subgroups” of adolescents based on nine self-reported behaviors (e.g., delinquency, substance use, risky sexual practices) and (b) comparing the risk factors (e.g., peer association, parenting, neighborhood cohesion), both within and across the race-specific subgroups, related to membership into the identified latent classes. The data used in this study include respondents aged 13 to 17 who participated in Waves 1 and 2 of the Add Health in-home interview. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified key differences in the number and characteristics of the latent classes across the racial subgroups. In addition, both similarities and differences in the risk factors for membership into the latent classes were identified across and within the race-specific subgroups. Implications for understanding risky behavior in adolescence, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.
Business model design and innovation: Unlocking the performance benefits of innovation
Authors: Gronum Sarel , Steen John , Verreynne Martie-Louise
Published: August 2015

We investigate the relationships between innovation in the business model, business model design themes, and firm performance. The ‘business model view’ and the related ‘business model innovation’ as emerging strategy, and innovation research domains, remain both ill-defined and marred by vague construct boundaries and limited empirical support. We build on existing theory to test our research model in a sample of 331 Australian firms. We find that business model design themes, which we argue are mechanisms for appropriating value from the firm’s business model, mediate the relationship between innovation and firm performance. Innovation without clarity in the business model leads to modest or negligible performance outcomes. We advocate for novelty-centered design themes because they unlock and translate the value from innovation to firm performance to a greater extent than transaction efficiency and user simplicity. We contend that broad innovation within the business model matters to performance but only if firms focus their business model design efforts more narrowly on coherently entrenching novelty and efficiency within their activity and transaction architecture.
From combatants to candidates: Electoral competition and the legacy of armed conflict
Authors: Dresden Jennifer Raymond
Published: August 2015

Efforts to strengthen democratic institutions have become a nearly universal feature of peacebuilding efforts in states recovering from civil war, yet such institutions often become dominated by a single actor or party. Why are some post-conflict incumbents able to dominate politics in this way, while others face more robust electoral competition? This study finds that post-conflict electoral competition depends on the types of capabilities that combatants develop during civil war. Where rebels develop capabilities that can be converted from military to electoral use, incumbents face stronger electoral challenges, but the effects are conditioned by the number of actors involved.
Weighing the Facts
Authors: Thulier Diane
Published: August 2015

All breastfeeding infants lose some weight in the early days of life. Conventionally, 5% to 7% loss of birth weight has been accepted as the normal and expected amount of weight loss before infants begin to gain weight steadily. When infants lose more than 7% of their birth weight, breastfeeding adequacy is sometimes questioned and formula supplementation is often given. Despite the fact that 5% to 7% is well known and commonly cited, little reliable evidence exists that supports use of this figure as a guide to practice. A systematic review of studies that focused on infant weight loss was conducted. The main objective was to determine the mean amount of weight loss for healthy, full-term exclusively breastfed infants after birth. One previous review and 9 primary studies published since 2008 were examined. The reported mean infant weight loss ranged widely among studies from 3.79% to 8.6%. The point at which most infants have lost the most amount of weight occurs 2 to 4 days after birth. Close examination of the studies, however, revealed significant methodological flaws in the research. Study limitations commonly included gaps in data collection, lack of documented feeding type, sample groups that lacked adequate numbers of exclusively breastfed infants, and the exclusion of breastfed infants who lost the most weight. Well-designed clinical studies that address these limitations are needed.
Improving the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of polyimide by incorporating functionalized graphene oxide
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Lan Yanfei , Li Xing , Yu Wenting , Qian Yong
Published: August 2015

In this study, we have developed a facile and effective method for fabricating polyimide (PI)-based nanocomposites incorporating octadecylamine (ODA)-functionalized graphene oxide (ODA-fGO) nanosheets. ODA-fGO sheets exhibit superior dispersibility and compatibility with the PI matrix and are successfully obtained through a chemical reaction between graphene oxide (GO) and ODA. The PI-based composites of various loading content of ODA-fGO sheets were prepared via in situ polymerization and thermal imidization process. The mechanical and electrical properties of the PI/ODA-fGO composites were significantly improved relative to pure PI because of the excellent dispersion of ODA-fGO and the adequate compatibility between fillers and the PI matrix. A 40.7% increase in tensile strength and a 95.5% improvement of Young’s modulus were observed for the 3 wt% ODA-fGO (PI/3 wt% ODA-fGO) loading content composite. The electrical and thermal conductivity of PI/3 wt% ODA-fGO was 3.8 × 10−2 S m−1 and 0.468 W m−1 K−1, respectively, which is more than 1011 times and almost 3 times higher than that of pure PI. The reported approach provides an effective strategy for developing high-performance and multifunctional polymer-based composite materials.
Local material removal model considering the tool posture in deterministic polishing
Authors: Fan Cheng , Zhao Ji , Zhang Lei , Zhou Wansong , Sun Lining
Published: August 2015

Polishing process is the final step for the fabrication of optical surfaces. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental investigation on the removal of material from a surface during the polishing process. The model in this paper assumes that the material removal rate follows Preston equation and the pressure distribution at the contact area is Hertzian. Particularly, the effect of the tool posture, which is described by the inclination angle and declination angle, upon the local material removal profile is modeled and analyzed. On the basis of the analysis, a novel method is proposed to optimize the tool angles. A series of polishing experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The theoretical and experimental results indicate that (1) the inclination angle has large effect on the local removal depth, and (2) the location of the maximum removal depth bias away from the center of the profile and the direction of this bias is determined by the declination angle. The model in this paper is potentially useful for the planning of the polishing posture and the tool path during the polishing process.
Intergenerational Effects of Parents’ Math Anxiety on Children’s Math Achievement and Anxiety
Authors: Maloney Erin A. , Ramirez Gerardo , Gunderson Elizabeth A. , Levine Susan C. , Beilock Sian L.
Published: August 2015

A large field study of children in first and second grade explored how parents’ anxiety about math relates to their children’s math achievement. The goal of the study was to better understand why some students perform worse in math than others. We tested whether parents’ math anxiety predicts their children’s math achievement across the school year. We found that when parents are more math anxious, their children learn significantly less math over the school year and have more math anxiety by the school year’s end—but only if math-anxious parents report providing frequent help with math homework. Notably, when parents reported helping with math homework less often, children’s math achievement and attitudes were not related to parents’ math anxiety. Parents’ math anxiety did not predict children’s reading achievement, which suggests that the effects of parents’ math anxiety are specific to children’s math achievement. These findings provide evidence of a mechanism for intergenerational transmission of low math achievement and high math anxiety.
Sustained Attention Across the Life Span in a Sample of 10,000
Authors: Fortenbaugh Francesca C. , DeGutis Joseph , Germine Laura , Wilmer Jeremy B. , Grosso Mallory , Russo Kathryn , Esterman Michael
Published: August 2015

Normal and abnormal differences in sustained visual attention have long been of interest to scientists, educators, and clinicians. Still lacking, however, is a clear understanding of how sustained visual attention varies across the broad sweep of the human life span. In the present study, we filled this gap in two ways. First, using an unprecedentedly large 10,430-person sample, we modeled age-related differences with substantially greater precision than have prior efforts. Second, using the recently developed gradual-onset continuous performance test (gradCPT), we parsed sustained-attention performance over the life span into its ability and strategy components. We found that after the age of 15 years, the strategy and ability trajectories saliently diverge. Strategy becomes monotonically more conservative with age, whereas ability peaks in the early 40s and is followed by a gradual decline in older adults. These observed life-span trajectories for sustained attention are distinct from results of other life-span studies focusing on fluid and crystallized intelligence.
Predictor-based model reference adaptive control for a vehicle lateral dynamics considering uncertainties
Authors: Khosravi Alireza , Lachini Zahra , Sarhadi Pouria
Published: August 2015

This article deals with the design and analysis of state predictor-based model reference adaptive control for a vehicle lateral dynamics. The goal of this article is to achieve the desired tracking in the presence of uncertainty in order to guarantee the stability as well as improving the performance of the vehicle. Through Lyapunov stability analysis, the adaptive laws of stable predictor-based state feedback have been derived. In order to evaluate the advantages of proposed controller, first the performance of non-adaptive linear quadratic regulator controller in nominal conditions has been presented. By adding uncertainty to the vehicle dynamics, the performance of controller has been reduced. Then, by augmenting model reference adaptive control to linear quadratic regulator, the performance has been improved. Finally, a considerable improvement has been achieved in transient response and control signal using predictor-based model reference adaptive control. Simulation results show that by adding predictor-based model reference adaptive control to the system, uncertain part of the vehicle dynamics is approximated, and the tracking structure of integrated control (linear quadratic regulator + predictor-based model reference adaptive control) has been successful.
‘Friends as enemies’: A sociological analysis of the relationship among touring professional golfers
Authors: Fry John , Bloyce Daniel
Published: August 2015

This paper examines the relationship among male touring professional golfers from a figurational sociological standpoint. The paper is based on 20 interviews from players with experience playing at various levels on the European Professional Golfers Association professional tours and a level ‘above’ that. The results indicate a workplace culture where many begin to adopt the attitudes and behaviors that encourage the development of networks of temporary ‘we-group’ alliances. The ‘touring’ aspects of professional golf means many players strive to forge these alliances to help reduce feelings of loneliness, isolation, and homesickness while away for long periods of time. Such stresses are intensified given the globalization of sport generally and the associated increases in labor market migration that have become commonplace. The urge to develop friendship networks constrains players to behave in a manner expected of them rather than in a way that reflects their actual emotions, such as maintaining a positive attitude during difficult times like spells of poor performances and time away from their families. The relationships among players on tour are, however, nonpermanent and/or partially changeable. Players are ‘friends’, characterized by togetherness and camaraderie, while, at the same, showing evidence of tensions and conflict as they are ultimately in direct competition with each other for a share of the overall prize money.
Low-cost labour or cultural exchange? Reforming the Working Holiday visa programme
Authors: Reilly Alexander
Published: August 2015

The article considers the place of Working Holiday visas in Australia’s migration policy and socio-economic planning. With the number of Working Holiday visa grants now topping 200,000 annually, Working Holiday Makers are significant participants in low-skilled work in Australia. The article argues that the programme is not adequately regulated to protect Working Holiday Makers in this work. In light of concerns around the exploitation of Working Holiday Makers, the article offers suggestions for reform to the programme. The article argues that the programme should be returned to its original conception of fostering a cultural experience for young migrants coming to Australia. It argues that work entitlements under the Working Holiday visa should be limited to work that is appropriate for young migrants on a brief cultural visit and that labour shortages should otherwise be filled using dedicated temporary labour migration visas which are properly designed to address labour shortages in the economy. Reform is necessary to protect the work conditions of local and migrant workers, to maintain Australia’s reputation as a country with high employment standards and to maintain positive relations with countries in the Working Holiday programme.
Shared Vicarious Trauma and the Effects on Palestinian Social Workers
Authors: Blome Wendy Whiting , Safadi Najwa S.
Published: August 2015

This qualitative study explored the perceptions of Palestinian social service executive directors and social workers regarding the effects of working in the turbulent environment of East Jerusalem and the West Bank. Focus groups with social workers and individual interviews with administrators examined how shared vicarious trauma (VT) influenced social workers’ ability to complete their tasks, serve their clients, and manage the stress of their surroundings. The shared nature of the VT allows agency administrators, workers, and clients to evoke a common perception of the world in which they live and work. The study found that the strategies Palestinian agencies used to help workers handle the trauma they experience in their jobs and lives were guided by the administrators’ understanding of shared VT and the need for agencies to respond with supportive activities and structures.
MR Imaging Evaluation of the Lisfranc Ligament in Cadaveric Feet and Patients With Acute to Chronic Lisfranc Injury
Authors: Kitsukawa Kaoru , Hirano Takaaki , Niki Hisateru , Tachizawa Natsuki , Nakajima Yasuo , Hirata Kazuaki
Published: August 2015

Background:

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is known to be useful to demonstrate Lisfranc ligament injury. There are few studies that report differences in MR imaging findings of acute or chronic Lisfranc ligament injuries. We applied oblique MR imaging planes parallel to the Lisfranc ligament for better visualization of the entire course of the ligament and assessed the detailed MR imaging appearances of the Lisfranc ligament in cadavers and patients with presumed Lisfranc injuries.

Methods:

Twelve preserved cadaveric feet were examined using a small-diameter surface coil. Long axis, oblique sagittal, and oblique short axis cross sections parallel to the Lisfranc ligament, dorsal ligament, and plantar ligament were obtained. Twenty-six MR examinations from 23 patients with suspected Lisfranc joint injuries were evaluated.

Results:

In the cadaveric study, the Lisfranc ligament was satisfactorily visible along its entire course in a single slice on long axis and oblique sagittal MR images. The dorsal ligament and the plantar ligament were visible separately from the Lisfranc ligament in oblique sagittal and oblique short axis planes. In the patient study, 11 MR examinations led to diagnoses of complete tears of the Lisfranc ligament that were acute injuries (3-21 days after trauma) mostly associated with disruption of the dorsal and plantar ligaments. Nine studies led to diagnoses of incomplete tears of the Lisfranc ligament that were chronic injuries (2-14 months after trauma). Recovery of the continuity of the disrupted ligament was observed in 3 patients.

Conclusion:

MR imaging demonstrated the integrity of the ligaments and was useful for diagnosing an acute Lisfranc injury. Fibrous healing of the torn ligament was observed in a chronic injury.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Efficacy of an Organizational Skills Intervention for College Students With ADHD Symptomatology and Academic Difficulties
Authors: LaCount Patrick A. , Hartung Cynthia M. , Shelton Christopher R. , Stevens Anne E.
Published: August 2015

Objective: We sought to elucidate the effects of an organization, time management, and planning (OTMP) skills training intervention for college students reporting elevated levels of ADHD symptomatology and academic impairment. Method: Undergraduate participants enrolled in either the intervention ( n = 22) or comparison ( n = 15) condition in exchange for psychology course credit. Those in the intervention condition attended three weekly group meetings designed to improve organizational skills. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated by comparing pre- and postmeasurements of academic impairment, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and OTMP skills utilization. Results: Intervention group participants improved significantly on ratings of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and academic impairment, relative to the comparison group. Intervention group participants also improved in their use of OTMP skills, relative to their baseline ratings. Conclusion: This study suggests an organizational skills intervention has the potential to ameliorating ADHD symptomatology and academic impairment among college students.
Testing of bearing materials for large two-stroke marine diesel engines
Authors: Voelund Anders , Klit Peder , Persson Sebastian
Published: August 2015

In large two-stroke marine diesel engines, bearings are designed to last the lifetime of the engine. The design has shown very good service experiences. The design parameters of the main bearings are, among others, based on the average maximum specific load which the bearing should operate under. In general, the frictional loss is less than 1% of the nominal power of the engine but is still a target for optimization. Fatigue mechanisms of bearing lining material are not fully understood and the design limits with regards to minimum oil film thickness, max oil film pressure and oil film pressure gradient are not established. Large two-stroke journal bearings are not suitable for fatigue test due to the size, the low rotational speed and the complexity of such a test-rig. The disc fatigue test rig was designed with the purpose to test white metal coatings under realistic bearing conditions, in a confined time-frame. The test-rig simulates a scale model of a thrust bearing, in contrary to standard design, the bearing lining material is applied to the rotating collar. Parameters, such as bearing load, rotational speed, oil temperature, oil contamination is controlled/monitored in order to achieve repeatability and a systematic approach to the experiments. Test performed on the test-rig shows good correlation on the fatigue cracks with those experienced on large two-stroke journal bearings.
An evaluation tool for assessing performance in priority setting and resource allocation: multi-site application to identify strengths and weaknesses
Authors: Hall William , Smith Neale , Mitton Craig , Gibson Jennifer , Bryan Stirling
Published: August 2015

Introduction

An evaluation tool should help improve formal priority setting and resource allocation (PSRA) processes in Canada and elsewhere. These are crucial to maximizing value from limited resources.

Methods

On the basis of case studies, balanced scorecard development protocols and use-focused evaluation principles, an evaluation tool was developed based on an existing framework for high PSRA performance and implemented in two health care organizations in British Columbia, Canada.

Results

Implementation of the tool identified areas of strength, improvement and weakness in the pilot organizations’ processes for PSRA including: communication, staff engagement and culture. Refinements were identified and incorporated into the tool for future application.

Conclusion

This is the first documented multi-site application of such an evaluation tool. Broader dissemination should have use both in further refining the basis of the tool and in catalysing improved performance of PSRA practice.
Is drug choice by general practitioners influenced by exposure to specialists? Record-linkage study in Italy
Authors: Formoso Giulio , Lombardi Marco
Published: August 2015

Objective

To investigate whether previous drug prescriptions by, or exposure to, specialists influence general practitioners’ prescribing (using the example of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system).

Methods

Drug prescriptions in GP and specialist care, hospital records and outpatient visits in the Emilia-Romagna region (northern Italy) were linked to assess, among patients who in 2013 had been prescribed Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs) in general practice for the first time, whether those who had been previously prescribed these drugs by specialists (or have been recently exposed to cardiovascular, diabetes or nephrology specialists) were more likely to be prescribed an ARB or a patented ACE-inhibitor/ARB.

Results

A cohort of 88,926 patients was identified of whom 52,666 had not been exposed to specialists. Of these patients, 77.6% were initially prescribed ACE-inhibitors and 87.2% a non-patented drug. Higher prescription of ACE-inhibitors (82.0%) and of non-patented drugs (95.8%) in general practice were observed in the 10,243 the patients who had already been prescribed these drugs by a specialist compared to unexposed patients ( p < 0.001 in both cases) and in the 14,648 patients exposed to specialists in the 90 days preceding the first prescription in general practice (79.0% and 89.6%, respectively, p < 0.001 in both cases).

Conclusions

Exposure to specialists was not associated with higher prescription of ARBs and of patented drugs in this Region of Italy. The hypothesis of prescribing induction by specialists is not supported by these data. This kind of analysis can provide help inform local prescribing agreements.
Intensive care physicians’ and nurses’ perception that hand hygiene prevents pathogen transmission: Belief strength and associations with other cognitive factors
Authors: Lutze Bettina , Chaberny Iris F , Graf Karolin , Krauth Christian , Lange Karin , Schwadtke Laura , Stahmeyer Jona , von Lengerke Thomas
Published: August 2015

Besides habituation, conscious decision-making remains important for healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance. This study compared 307 physicians and 348 nurses in intensive care at a German university medical centre regarding their belief that hand disinfection prevents pathogen transmission. Physicians perceived less risk reduction ( p < 0.001; variance explained: 4%), a comparison outscored only by lower self-rated guideline knowledge (8%). In both groups, the transmission-preventive belief was associated with high response efficacy, behavioural intention and self-efficacy, but not with self-rated knowledge. Consistent with the Health Action Process Approach, hand hygiene interventions targeting risk reduction beliefs may promote high motivation, but not action control.
How adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their parents perceive family functioning?
Authors: Laghi Fiorenzo , Pompili Sara , Zanna Valeria , Castiglioni Maria Chiara , Criscuolo Michela , Chianello Ilenia , Mazzoni Silvia , Baiocco Roberto
Published: August 2015

This study aims at examining whether adolescent girls diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and their parents differ in perceiving the different aspects of family functioning. Moreover, the discrepancy between adolescent girls and healthy controls on Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales dimensions, family communication, and family satisfaction is investigated. The study includes 36 female anorexia patients and their parents and 36 healthy controls. The results showed a different view between mothers and their daughters with regard to the dimension of rigidity. In addition, girls with anorexia nervosa were less satisfied about family environment and rated their families as less communicative, flexible, cohesive, and more disengaged, compared to controls.
At the intersection of commons and market: Negotiations of value in open-sourced cultural production
Authors: Velkova Julia , Jakobsson Peter
Published: August 2015

This article explores the way in which producers of digital cultural commons use new production models based on openness and sharing to interact with and adapt to existing structures such as the capitalist market and the economies of public cultural funding. Through an ethnographic exploration of two cases of open-source animation film production – Gooseberry and Morevna, formed around the 3D graphics Blender and the 2D graphics Synfig communities – we explore how sharing and production of commons generates values and relationships which trigger the movement of producers, software and films between different fields of cultural production and different moral economies – those of the capitalist market, the institutions of public funding and the commons. Our theoretical approach expands the concept of ‘moral economies’ from critical political economy with ‘regimes of value’ from anthropological work on value production, which, we argue, is useful to overcome dichotomous representations of exploitation or romanticization of the commons.
Optimum selection of A356/Al2O3 nano/microcomposites fabricated with different conditions based on mathematical method
Authors: Ezatpour HR , Torabi Parizi M , Sajjadi SA , Ebrahimi GR
Published: August 2015

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced with micro- and nano-sized Al2O3 particles provide desirable characteristics for high-performance applications in aerospace, automobile, and military industries, because of their improved physical and mechanical properties. Selection of the best combination of ultimate strength and formability properties of the composites is a multiple attribute decision making problem where some criteria must be considered. In this study, A356/Al2O3 composites were prepared with different conditions such as the fabrication method, size, and weight fraction of reinforcement. These alternatives were ranked by analytic hierarchy process method. Analytic hierarchy process results revealed that the composite with 2 wt% nano-Al2O3 fabricated by compo-casting method was the preferred composite material.
In vivo effects of human adipose-derived stem cells reseeding on acellular bovine pericardium in nude mice
Authors: Wu Qingkai , Dai Miao , Xu Peirong , Hou Min , Teng Yincheng , Feng Jie
Published: August 2015

Tissue-engineered biologic products may be a viable option in the reconstruction of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). This study was based on the hypothesis that human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are viable in acellular bovine pericardium (ABP), when reseeded by two different techniques, and thus, aid in the reconstruction. To investigate the reseeding of hASCs on ABP grafts by using non-invasive bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and to identify the effective hASCs–scaffold combinations that enabled regeneration. Thirty female athymic nude mice were randomly divided into three groups: In the VIVO group, ABPs were implanted in the subcutaneous pockets and enhanced green fluorescent protein luciferase (eGFP·Luc)-hASCs (1 × 106 cells/50 µL) were injected on the ABP at the same time. In the VITRO group, the mice were implanted with grafts that ABP were co-cultured with eGFP·Luc-hASCs in vitro. The BLANK group mice were implanted with ABP only. The eGFP·Luc-hASCs reseeded on ABP were analyzed by BLI, histology, and immunohistochemistry. The eGFP·Luc-hASCs reseeded on ABP could be visualized at 12 weeks in vivo. Histology revealed that the VIVO group displayed the highest cell ingrowths, small vessels, and percent of collagen content per unit area. Desmin and α-smooth muscle actin were positive at the same site in the VIVO group cells. However, few smooth muscles were observed in the VITRO and BLANK groups. These results suggest that hASCs reseeded on ABP in vivo during surgery may further enhance the properties of ABP and may promote regeneration at the recipient site, resulting in a promising treatment option for POP.
No Reduction of Severe Fatigue in Patients With Postpolio Syndrome by Exercise Therapy or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Koopman Fieke S. , Voorn Eric L. , Beelen Anita , Bleijenberg Gijs , de Visser Marianne , Brehm Merel A. , Nollet Frans
Published: August 2015

Background. People with postpolio syndrome (PPS) commonly experience severe fatigue that persists over time and negatively affects functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Objectives. To study the efficacy of exercise therapy (ET) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on reducing fatigue and improving activities and HRQoL in patients with PPS. Methods. We conducted a multicenter, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Over 4 months, severely fatigued patients with PPS received ET, CBT, or usual care (UC). The primary end point (fatigue) was assessed using the subscale fatigue severity of the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS20-F). Secondary end points included activities and HRQoL, which were assessed with the Sickness Impact Profile and the 36-Item Short-Form, respectively. End points were measured at baseline and at 4, 7, and 10 months. Results. A total of 68 patients were randomized. No differences were observed between the intervention groups and UC group for fatigue (mean differences in CIS20-F score = 1.47, 95%CI = −2.84 to 5.79, for ET versus UC; and 1.87, 95%CI = −2.24 to 5.98, for CBT versus UC), activities, or HRQoL. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that neither ET nor CBT were superior to UC in reducing fatigue in severely fatigued PPS patients. Further research should investigate explanations for the lack of efficacy of these 2 currently advised approaches in clinical practice, which may provide clues to improving treatment aimed at reducing fatigue in PPS.
Intensive Rehabilitation Enhances Lymphocyte BDNF-TrkB Signaling in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Fontanesi Cecilia , Kvint Svetlana , Frazzitta Giuseppe , Bera Rossana , Ferrazzoli Davide , Di Rocco Alessandro , Rebholz Heike , Friedman Eitan , Pezzoli Gianni , Quartarone Angelo , Wang Hoau-Yan , Ghilardi M. Felice
Published: August 2015

Background. In a combined animal and human study, we have previously found that a 5-day treatment that enhances cortical plasticity also facilitates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling and increases activated TrkB and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) association in both the cortex and the peripheral lymphocytes. Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), in general, show decreased cortical plasticity, as demonstrated by electrophysiological and behavioral studies. Here, we test the hypothesis that an exercise program that improves motor function and seems to slow down symptom progression can enhance BDNF-TrkB signaling in lymphocytes. Methods. A total of 16 patients with PD underwent a 4-week multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment (MIRT), which included aerobic training and physical and occupational therapy. Blood was collected before and after 2 and 4 weeks of MIRT. Lymphocytes were isolated to examine BDNF-TrkB signaling induced by incubation with recombinant human BDNF. TrkB signaling complexes, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase-2 and protein-kinase-B were immunoprecipitated; the content of immunocomplexes was determined by Western blotting. Results. After MIRT, all patients showed improvement in motor function. TrkB interaction with NMDAR and BDNF-TrkB signaling increased in peripheral lymphocytes at receptor, intracellular mediator, and downstream levels. The decrements in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale II (UPDRSII) and total scores were significantly correlated with the increases in TrkB signaling at receptor, intracellular mediator, and NMDAR interaction levels. Conclusions. The significant correlation between reduced UPDRS scores and the changes in lymphocyte activity suggest that enhanced BDNF-TrkB signaling in lymphocyte and reduced severity of PD symptoms may be related.
Opioid Abuse and Overdose
Authors: White Nicole D.
Published: August 2015

Prescription drug misuse has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Given the magnitude of the problem, strategies to prevent initiation of prescription opioid misuse, treat existing opioid use disorders, and prevent overdose are of utmost importance. This article will summarize such strategies, including improved prescriber education, prescription drug monitoring programs, medication take-back programs, controlled substance lock-in programs, and community-based naloxone distribution.
Wavelength measurement of a liquid jet based on spectral analysis of image intensity
Authors: Gong Chen , Yang Minguan , Wang Yuli , Kang Can
Published: August 2015

The instability analysis of the liquid jet issuing into ambient gas was conducted with the emphasis placed upon the evolution of surface wave on the jet surface. First, an experimental method was developed to visualize the microscopic surface wave on the liquid jet. Camera setting parameters significantly affecting the detection of desired jet features were discussed. Second, a spectral method was applied to process the obtained jet images. The accuracy of this method was validated in several ways. The results show that wavelengths increase monotonically along the streamwise direction and decrease with the increase in Reynolds number which corresponds to the boundary layer momentum thickness at nozzle exit. Various patterns of wave structures on jet surface are revealed. In this article, the pattern transforms from three-dimensional to two-dimensional at Reynolds number of 134.53.
Research on cylindrical indexing cam’s unilateral machining
Authors: Chen Junhua , Mu Xiaowei , Zhang Xuze , Jiang Chuhua
Published: August 2015

The cylindrical cam ridge of the indexer is a spatial curved surface, which is difficult to design and machine. The cylindrical cam has some defects after machining because conventional machining methods have inaccuracies. This article aims at proposing a precise way to machine an indexing cam, using basic motion analysis and analytic geometry approach. Analytical methodology is first applied in the cam’s motion analysis, to obtain an error-free cam follower’s trajectory formula, and then separate the continuous trajectory curve by thousandth resolution, to create a three-dimensional discrete trajectory curve. Planar formulae and spherical formulae can be built on the loci. Based on the machine principle, the cutting cutter’s position and orientation will be taken into account. This article calculates the formula set as presented previously and obtains the ultimate cutter path coordinate value. The new error-free cutter path trajectory is called the unilateral machining trajectory. The earned results will compile into numerical control processing schedule. This processing methodology gives a convenient and precision way to manufacture a cylindrical indexing cam. Experimental results are also well supported.