bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR ELEKTRONIK MULTIMEDIA DENGAN MACROMEDIA FLASH 8.0 UNTUK MAHASISWA S1 PGSD UKSW
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan desain pengembangan. Borg & Gall dan Dick & Carey yang disederhanakan. Sepuluh tahapan yang ada disederhanakan dalam empat tahapan, yaitu: (1) tahap analisis kebutuhan, (2) tahap desain pengembangan bahan ajar, (3) tahap pengembangan dan evaluasi, (4) tahap desiminasi produk akhir. Subjek penelitian yang diambil adalah mahasiswa S1 PGSD kelas G angkatan 2009 untuk uji terbatas (one to one dan small group evaluation)dan uji luas
(field trial evaluation)yaitu kelas A 2010. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan penilaian pakar (media dan materi) dan uji coba produk. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi pakar, angket tertutup respon mahasiswa terhadap pemanfaatan bahan ajar dalam pembelajaran, lembar observasi untuk melihat proses pembelajaran pada saat uji coba produk, serta soal tes untuk melihat dampak pembelajaran yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar elektronik multimedia dengan macromedia Flash 8.0 yang dibuat memiliki kategori yang baik dari segi materi maupun media. Bahan ajar ini dapat membantu memudahkan mahasiswa belajar tentang sistem persamaan linear tiga variabel. Uji coba dalam pembelajaran menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa lebih senang belajar matematika.
Mahasiswa semakin mudah memahami materi karena bantuan animasi, video, warna dan tampilan yang menarik. Dengan bantuan tek, audio, dan video membuat mahasiswa dapat belajar secara mandiri, sehingga bahan ajar ini cocok digunakan sebagai bahan ajar mandiri yang dapat dibawa dan digunakan
dimana-mana dan mahasiswa dapat belajar setiap saat.
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING
Authors: Esema David , Susari Evi , Kurniawan Daniel
Published: March 2017

Problem-Based Learning (PBL), adalah model pembelajaran yang awalnya dikembangkan di dunia pendidikan medis, namun kini telah digunakan secara luas di berbagai jenjang dan bidang pendidikan. Basis teortits dari PBL adalah kolaborativisme dan konstruktivisme. Kemitraan, keterbukaan dan kejujuran, rasa hormat, dan kepercayaan menjadi nilai-nilai yang mendasari dan sekaligus menjadi prasyarat bagi keberhasilan PBL Sintaks PBL meliputi: pengenalan dan pemahaman konsep dasar, eksplorasi fakta dan informasi relevan secara mandiri, bertukar pemahaman dalam kelompok/kelas, kesimpulan dan evaluasi. Beberapa riset mengenai PBL baik di luar maupun di dalam negeri yang dipaparkan dan dibandingkan dalam tulisan ini menunjukkan data tentang efektifitas PBL dalam kegiatan pembelajaran.
DIFFERENT LEVEL OF LEARNED-HELPLESSNESS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH LOWER GRADE AND HIGHER GRADE IN SALATIGA INDONESIA
Authors: Prasetya Berta Esti Ari
Published: March 2017

This research aimed to investigate whether there is any significant difference in the tendency of experiencing learned-helplessness between high school students with lower grade and higher grade in Salatiga, Indonesia. Survey method was used in collecting the data,utilizing Perceived Influence Questionnaire (Holt, 1980) as the instrument of measurement. 317 participants were involved,
consisted of 190 of higher grade students and 127 of lower grade students. Mann-Whitney U was used to analyse the data, considering that the data were not normally distributed. This test result showed that there was a significant difference between high school students with higher grade and lower grade (the Mann-Whitney U coefficient of 10,644, with z value of -1795, p <0.05 (p = 0036, 1-tailed)), with students of lower grade tend to be more prone to experience learned-helplessness. Additional results from their subjective perception on their achievement were also discussed and so were the implications of the study.
EKSISTENSI SD GMIT DI ROTE NDAO (Studi Deskriptif Penempatan Guru PNS pada SD GMIT Rote Ndao-NTT)
Authors: Manafe Melki , Ismanto Bambang
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kerjasama Negara dan GMIT (melalui Yupenkris) dalam hal penempatan guru PNS yang diperbantukan pada SD GMIT yang ada di Kabupaten Rote Ndao.Penelitian ini juga menjelaskan bagaimana dinamika dan relasi tersebut serta dampaknya, secara deskriptif, pada eksistensi SD GMIT yang ada di Kabupaten Rote Ndao. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kualitatif Deskriptif dengan in-depth interview yang didukung oleh observasi, dokumentasi dan triangulasi.Data diperoleh dari 8
SD GMIT di Rote Ndao, dianalisis dengan model analisis Miles & Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penempatan guru PNS yang diperbantukan pada SD GMIT di Rote Ndao, secara mutlak, hanya diketahui oleh Negara (melalui Dinas Pendidikan). Hasil penelitian juga menemukan bahwa pada SD GMIT di Rote Ndao sama sekali tidak terdapat guru Yayasan. Bahkan lebih dari itu, baik dana pendidikan, tenaga pendidik maupun kependidikan adalah
berasal dari Negara. Hasil-hasil inimenempatkan SD GMIT di Rote Ndao pada status quasistate school dimana SD GMIT adalah milik GMIT akan tetapi semua operasional (subsidi pendidikan dan sumber daya manusia/guru) selalu bergantung pada Negara.
PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK DAN BERMAKNA DALAM PERSPEKTIF REVISI TAKSONOMI BLOOM
Authors: Ardiani Nur Fajriana Wahyu , Guna Nanda Adi , Novitasari Reni
Published: March 2017

Revisi Taksonomi Bloom yang terdiri dari dua dimensi baru yaitu dimensi proses kognitif dan dimensi pengetahuan. Dalam dimensi pengetahuan terdapat empat aspek pengetahuan, salah satunya adalah pengetahuan metakognitif yang berarti “beyond thinking” sebagai sesuatu yang ada di atas berpikir itu sendiri. Dimensi yang kedua adalah dimensi proses kognitif yang mana terdapat 6 kategori didalamnya, yaitu mengingat, memahami, menerapkan, menganalisa,
mengevaluasi dan mencipta. Dimensi pengetahuan dan proses kognitif menjadi syarat utama dalam pembelajaran tematik dan bermakna. Ketika seseorang mampu menerapkan pembelajaran tematik maka dimungkinkan terjadinya pembelajaran bermakna yang utuh sesuai dengan tahap perencanaan, penerapan dan evaluasi.
PENGARUH LAYANAN INFORMASI KARIER TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PERENCANAAN KARIER SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 2 CEPU
Authors: Dwikurnaningsih Yari , Adiputri Dwitania Ramadani
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji signifikansi peningkatan kemampuan perencanaan karier siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Cepu melalui layanan informasi karier. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan desain eksperimen semu. Subjek penelitian ini 37 siswa yang kemampuan perencanaan kariernya sedang, rendah dan sangat rendah. Subjek penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Kelompok eksperimen merupakan kelompok yang diberi perlakuan yaitu layanan informasi karier, sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak diberi perlakuan. Kedua kelompok tersebut diuji homogenitas yang hasilnya p=0.616 (p>0.050) artinya antara
kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen memiliki varians yang sama atau homogen sehingga kedua kelompok tersebut bias dijadikan obyek penelitian. Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala yaitu skala sikap perencanaan karier yang diadopsi dari Anggraeni (2012) yang disusun berdasarkan teori Parsons dan Williamsons. Skala sikap perencanaan karier terdiri dari 48 item pernyataan, setelah uji validitas dan reliabilitas, seluruh item dinyatakan valid dan instrumen dinyatakan reliabel. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Mann Whitney dengan bantuan menggunakan program SPSS 16.0. Hasil analisa yang dilakukan diperoleh skor Z= -5.197 dan Asymp.Sig.(2-tailed) p=0.000<0.050. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan perencanaan karier kelompok eksperimen dengan kelompok Kontrol. Selanjutnya dilihat dari skor pretest dan postest kelompok eksperimen menunjukkan peningkatan sebesar 8,44. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh layanan informasi karier terhadap kemampuan perencanaan karier siswa kelas XI SMA
Negeri 2 Cepu.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEPERCAYAAN DIRI DENGAN KECEMASAN DALAM MENYUSUN PROPOSAL SKRIPSI
Authors: Kristanto Pindho Hary , Pm. Sumardjono , Setyorini Setyorini
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui signifikansi hubungan kepercayaan diri dengan kecemasan mahasiswa dalam menyusun proposal skripsi. Subyek penelitian 90 mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Bimbingan dan Konseling Angkatan Tahun Akademik 2010. Digunakan Skala Kepercayaan Diri berdasarkan teori Lauster dan Skala Kecemasan berdasarkan teori Bakar. Diperoleh hasil ada hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara kepercayaan diri dan kecemasan dalam menyusun proposal skripsi Mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Bimbingan dan Konseling Angkatan Tahun Akademik 2010, FKIP - Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga dengan koefisien korelasi r = - 0,274** pada p = 0,002 < 0,01. Artinya bila ada peningkatan skor kepercayaan diri maka akan diikuti dengan turunnya skor kecemasan mahasiswa dalam menyusun proposal skripsi.
IDENTIFIKASI TAHAP BERPIKIR GEOMETRI SISWA SMP NEGERI 2 AMBARAWA BERDASARKAN TEORI VAN HIELE
Authors: Lestariyani Susi , Ratu Novisita , Yunianta Tri Nova Hasti
Published: March 2017

Geometri dipelajari mulai dari sekolah dasar sampai di sekolah menengah atas. Beberapa kajian menunjukkan bahwa pada sekolah menengah pertama (SMP), banyak siswa memiliki kesulitan dalam belajar geometri. Level Geometri van Hiele dapat menjelaskan kesulitan geometri siswa. Van hiele menyatakan bahwa dalam memahami geometri, siswa perlu melalui lima level, diantaranya level 1 (tahap pengenalan), level 2 (tahap analisis), level 3 (tahap pengurutan), level 4 (tahap deduksi), dan level 5 (tahap ketepatan). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan level berpikir geometri siswa sekolah menengah pertama. Ada 209 siswa yang masuk dalam penelitian ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode campuran. Intrumen tes yang digunakan diadaptasi dari Proyek CDASSG Usiskin. Hasilnya menunjukkan ada 28,71% siswa SMP berada pada level 1, 44,02% siswa berada pada level 2 dan 5,26 siswa berada pada level 3. Ada 1,91% siswa berada pada level 0, dan tidak ada siswa yang berada pada level 4 dan 5. Siswa Ada sekitar 20,10% tidak dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam level yang ada dikarenakan tidak memenuhi kriteria dari instrumen penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil ini, siswa kebanyakan masih berada pada level 1 dan 2. Tidak seperti pendapat van Hiele yang menyatakan bahwa level berpikir geometri untuk siswa SMP berada di level 3. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, penting untuk melakukan pemerikasaan lebih lanjut mengenai level berpikir geometri siswa SMP di tempat lain.
PERBEDAAN MODALITAS VISUAL, AUDITORIAL DAN KINESTETIK SISWA KELAS X SMK JURUSAN TEKNIK PERMESINAN DAN TEKNIK KENDARAAN RINGAN
Authors: Pratiwi Margaretha F. Dian , Padmomartono Sumardjono
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui signifikansi perbedaan modalitas siswa antar Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Teknik Kendaraan Ringan kelas X SMK Muhammadiyah Salatiga. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan seluruh siswa Teknik Kendaraan Ringan SMK Muhammadiyah Salatiga. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner modalitas belajar. Adapun teknik analisis data menggunakan Chi Square yang diolah dengan program SPSS 16.0 for Windows. Analisis komparatif dengan menggunakan Chi-Square didapat value 9,384 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,009 < 0,01. Dengan demikian, hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang sangat signifikan antara modalitas visual, auditorial, kinestetik siswa kelas X Teknik Permesinan dan Teknik Kendaraan Ringan di SMK Muhammadiyah Salatiga.
EFEKTIFITAS PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS KOGNITIF MORAL MELALUI MODEL VALUE CLARIFICATION TECHNIQUE (VCT) DITINJAU DARI HASIL BELAJAR PKn DENGAN MEMPERTIMBANGKAN MORAL JUDGEMENT
Authors: Prihandoko Yogi , Wasitohadi Wasitohadi
Published: March 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat efektivitas antara penerapan pembelajaran berbasis kognitif moral melalui model VCT dengan pembelajaran konvensional ceramah bervariasi terhadap hasil belajar PKn dengan mempertimbangkan moral judgement. Jenis penelitiannya adalah Experimen Research tipe Quasi Exsperimental Research serta menggunakan desain penelitian Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas 5 SDN Karangduren 01 sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas 5 SDN Karangduren 02 sebagai kelompok kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data
yang digunakan adalah tes dan observasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan uji-t dengan SPSS 22.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran berbasis kognitif moral melalui model VCT efektif terhadap hasil belajar PKn dengan mempertimbangkan moral judgement siswa kelas 5 SD N Karangduren 01 Kecamatan Tengaran Kabupaten Semarang semester II tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Simpulan tersebut didukung oleh hasil uji-t dengan hasil t hitung > t tabel (2,085>2,00488), signifikansi < 0,05 (0,042<0,05) serta skor hasil belajar PKn kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol (76,2>68,5).
STRATEGI GURU MATEMATIKA DALAM MENGATASI KESULITAN BELAJAR BAGI SISWA KELAS X SMK NEGERI 2 SALATIGA
Authors: Rubai Rubai , Yunianta Tri Nova Hasti , Wahyudi Wahyudi
Published: March 2017

Strategi guru matematika dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar siswa menjadi judul dalam penelitian ini dengan alasan strategi yang dilakukan oleh guru matematika SMK Negeri 2 Salatiga berbeda dengan sekolah-sekolah lain dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar yang dialami oleh siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui deskripsi kesulitan belajar siswa dan mencari tahu strategi guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar siswa pada pelajaran matematika. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah empat guru matematika SMK Negeri 2 Salatiga yang dipilih berdasarkan purposive sampling yang mana subjek tersebut memiliki beberapa macam
strategi dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar matematika, sehingga tujuan dalam penelitian ini dapat tercapai dengan mendeskripsikan strategi apa saja yang dilakukan guru tersebut dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar siswa pada pelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan wawancara tidak terstruktur. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan belajar siswa pada pelajaran matematika, berawal dari pola pikir siswa yang mana mereka selalu berpikir kerja dan meremehkan pelajaran umum. Berdasarkan hal tesebut mengakibatkan siswa malas, tidak semangat, sulit memahami materi yang
disampaikan, mudah lupa, dan lambat dalam menerima pelajaran. Berdasarkan hal tersebut guru memiliki strategi untuk mengatasi kesulitan belajar siswa diantaranya adalah mengubah pemikiran siswa, membuat perbedaan tingkat (bobot) materi perjurusan, membuat ringkasan untuk siswa, menggunakan model pembelajaran tutor sebaya, melakukan pendekatan terhadap siswa, memberikan jam tambahan, memberikan motivasi, dan memberikan latihan soal mandiri.
DEVELOPING TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM: A STUDY ON SENIOR TO JUNIOR SUPERVISION
Authors: Kurniawan Mozes
Published: March 2017

Di era dimana kualitas dan profesionalitas begitu penting, tentunya para praktisi dunia pendidikan tidak mau tertinggal untuk mengupayakan berbagai macam cara mengembangkan profesionalitas dan kemampuan mereka. Berbagai peraturan dan undang- undang Republik Indonesia pun telah menegaskan mengenai profesionalitas tenaga pendidikan namun dalam kenyataannya masih banyak pengajar pada jenjang sekolah dasar, menengah hingga tinggi yang belum memiliki kualifikasi umum untuk disebut sebagai pengajar profesional. Oleh karena itu, sangat dibutuhkan suatu upaya mengembangkan profesionalitas tenaga pendidik sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan perkembangan jaman. Journal ini mengkaji pengembangan profesionalitas guru melalui supervisi senior ke junior yang ditujukan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa apa, mengapa dan bagaimana supervisi digunakan pada objek penelitian yang kemudian dibahas dan disajikan sehingga dapat menjadi inspirasi bagi lembaga pendidikan dalam mengembangkan program serupa. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus yang didukung dengan wawancara tidak terstruktur (unstructured interview) dan studi dokumentasi sebagai teknik pengumpulan datanya. Data yang terkumpul dijadikan sebagai pelengkap uraian mengenai metode supervisi dan keuntungan-keuntungan diterapkannya metode supervisi tesebut bagi para pengajar baru terkhusus pada jenjang pendidikan tinggi. Terdapat tiga responden yang memberikan informasi. Mereka adalah pengajar baru di Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (FKIP), Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana (UKSW), Salatiga. Hasil yang didapat dari bahasan dalam journal ini yakni bahwa supervisi yang dilakukan FKIP, UKSW, Salatiga lebih ke arah supervisi satu-satu (one-to-one supervision) dengan menekankan pada pembagian pengalaman dosen senior, memberikan saran-saran perbaikan dan memonitor secara berkala. Kiranya hasil penelitian ini, terlepas dari kelemahan yang dapat muncul, bisa dipergunakan sebagai gambaran dan inspirasi bagi lembaga pendidikan yang hendak menerapkan supervisi sebagai pengembangan profesionalitas tenaga pendidik.
SUPERVISI AKADEMIK KEPALA SEKOLAH TERHADAP MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN PAUD
Authors: Kusumawati Desi
Published: March 2017

Supervisi akademik tidak terlepas dari penilaian kinerja guru dalam melakukan manajemen pembelajaran. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh temuan baru mengenai: 1) Kesesuaian antara manajemen pembelajaran di PAUD Tunas Bangsa Langensari Ungaran dengan Permendikbud 137 Tahun 2014; 2) Penyebab belum dilakukannya supervisi akademik oleh kepala sekolah PAUD Tunas Bangsa Langensari Ungaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian yaitu studi kasus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di PAUD Tunas Bangsa Langensari Ungaran. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara dan dokumen. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Strategi yang digunakan untuk mengetahui penyebab belum dilakukannya supervisi akademik oleh kepala sekolah yaitu dengan teknik Five “Whys” yang dikembangkan oleh Sakichi Toyoda pada tahun 1930 an (Muhaimin dkk, 2008). Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan maka dapat disimpulkan: 1) Manajemen pembelajaran yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi sudah sesuai dengan Permendikbud 137 Tahun 2014; 2) Penyebab belum dilakukannya supervisi akademik oleh kepala sekolah adalah karena pengangkatan kepala sekolah tidak berdasarkan standar kompetensi kepala sekolah KB/TK yang terdapat dalam Permendikbud 137 Tahun 2014. Saran yang penulis dapat berikan adalah: 1) kepada pengelola PAUD Tunas Bangsa bila ingin mengangkat seorang kepala sekolah perlu melihat standar kompetensi kepala sekolah KB/TK yang terdapat dalam Permendikbud 137 Tahun 2014; 2) bagi kepala sekolah agar dapat meningkatkan kompetensinya sebagai kepala sekolah dengan belajar atau kuliah S1 Kependidikan PAUD sehingga dapat memahami fungsi kepala sekolah yang salah satunya adalah supervisi akademik.
PERAN GURU DALAM MEMBENTUK ARIF BUDAYA SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN THINK PAIR SHARE
Authors: Devi Tarsisia
Published: March 2017

Artikel ini ditulis dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui peran guru dalam pembentukkan arif budaya siswa melalui model pembelajaran Think Pair Share. Model pembelajaran Think Pair Share diterapkan untuk meningkatkan daya pikir siswa dalam memecahkan suatu persoalan materi pelajaran, sehingga tercipta budaya siswa untuk berpikir cerdas. Guru mampu membentuk arif budaya siswa. Oleh karena itu guru harus dapat menjadi sumber inspirasi bagi siswa, mampu mengerakkan minat siswa untuk dapat tercipta arif budaya yang baik bagi dirinya. Guru tidak hanya menjadi pendidik, numun juga harus mampu membangkitkan semangat siswa untuk tidak malas berpikir. Metode kajian yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah observasi. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa guru dituntut sebagai transformator, fasilitator dan motivator dalam pembentukkan arif budaya siswa.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN NUMBER HEADS TOGETHER (NHT) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIIA SMP NEGERI 2 TUNTANG PADA MATERI SEGITIGA
Authors: Destiyandani Era , Yunianta Tri Nova Hasti , Mampouw Helti Lygia
Published: March 2017

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dan mendeskripsikan kondisi siswa kelas VIIA SMP Negeri 2 Tuntang pada materi segitiga melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Number Heads Together (NHT). Melalui model pembelajaran NHT, tugas diberikan kepada semua siswa dimana siswa telah diberi nomor berbeda didalam kelompoknya namun masing-masing kelompok menggunakan penomoran yang sama. Pemanggilan nomor siswa secara acak untuk melaporkan hasil diskusi kelompok mendorong setiap siswa secara individu bertanggung jawab atas hasil belajarnya. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengambil data penelitian adalah soal tes dan lembar observasi. Penelitian ini diterapkan pada 31 siswa sebagai subjek dan menggunakan model spiral Kemmis dan McTaggart. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase ketuntasan siswa untuk materi segitiga tentang mengidentifikasi sifat-sifat segitiga berdasarkan sisi dan sudutnya pada siklus I mencapai 87,1% tuntas dan ketuntasan meningkat menjadi 96,77% pada siklus II dengan materi pembelajaran menghitung keliling dan luas segitiga. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran NHT telah meningkatkan penguasaan materi segitiga oleh siswa.
PERENCANAAN STRATEGI BERSAING SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI SEKOLAH SWASTA SALATIGA
Authors: Kamayuda Dewa Made Dwi , Krismanda Mutia Ayu
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to develop competitive strategy planning in increasing number of new students in one of the private schools in Salatiga. The Design of the study is research & development and in this study is limited to the product design stage alone that produce schools competitive strategy planning in increasing the number of new students. Research instruments for gathering data are observation, interviews, FGD and study documents. Data Analysis used SWOT analysis to analyze the internal and external factors such as the school’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in determining the appropriate competitive strategies for schools. The result of SWOT analysis indicated that the school is in quadrant position SO (Strength Opportunity), which supports an aggressive strategy by using the power of the internal environment of the school to seize the opportunities from external environment. Competitive strategy planning of the school which suggested namely: (1) Education and training for teachers:

- Develop active, innovative, creative, effective and fun learning through particpated in seminars, workshops or training from both inside and outside of the school; (2) Focus on internal and external customers: Optimizing program and extracurricular activities ranging from planning, implementation, and evaluation to achieve the targets that are expected to have an opportunity to join competition with other schools, develop character building programs for students, Conducting program fun day and parenting seminar on building relationships and smooth communication between schools and parents and provides knowledge about how to educating children; (3) Teamwork: Organize retreat educators to strengthen the relationship, teamwork and equalization of school vision, Build effective and organized alumni network; (4) Engage and empower employees: Forming the evaluation team and the subject leader as an effective and efficient way to monitor and ensure the ability of the teaching profession evolved in terms of competence.
Using Side-Scan Sonar instrument to Characterize and map of seabed identification target in punggur sea of the Riau Islands, Indonesia.
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin , Anurogo Wenang , Khoirunnisa Hanah , Irawan Sudra , Gustin Oktavianto , Roziqin Arif
Published: March 2017

Punggur sea has many habitats, object, and structured of seabed with hight tide and wave. Side scan sonar is an underwater acoustic instrument for identification of seabed. This research aims to classify types of seabed and measure seabed identification into the sea water with grain size (dB), location, altitude (m) and target using side scan sonar instrument. This research also uses one types of side scan sonar in one places with 3 line of collecting data to get more variant seabed. Side scan sonar data of 20 km of side-scan sonar profiling (CM2, C-MAX Ltd, UK) with altitude max 20 m and a working acoustic frequency of 325 kHz with the zone is taken in the punggur sea (104°08.7102 E, 1°03.2448 N until 1°03.3977N 104°08.8133 E). The data side scan sonar processed using max view software to display the image of the seabed. Results of seabed imagery in the punggur sea on track 1 have Objects found on the ship coordinates 03.3101N 1 ° and 104 ° 08.7362 E with the highest gain value is 6 dB, altitude 18 m on ping 75. Linear regression has y = 0.7016x+12.952 with R2 = 0.4125 (41%). Track 2 has target 1 is the sunken object on the seabed, while objects in the form of sand can be seen clearly. Objects found on the sunken object coordinates 1°02.8143 N ° and 104°08.5228 E with highest gain value is 9 dB with altitude 17.7 m and data ping 69. Linear regression has y = 0.2093+12.577 with R2 = 0.2093 (20%). Track 3 has Target 1 is the ship object on the seabed, while objects in the form of sand can be seen clearly. Objects found on the sunken object coordinates 1°02.5817 N and 104°08.7337 E with the highest gain value is 8 dB with altitude 16.5 m and data ping 3984. Linear regression has y = 0.5106x +12.84 with R2 = 0.5106 (51%). Track 1 has many targets identification results compared Track 2 and 3.
Planning TOD with land use and transport integration: a review
Authors: Taki Herika Muhamad , Maatouk Mohamed Mahmoud H. , Qurnfulah Emad Mohammad , Aljoufie Mohammed Omayer
Published: March 2017

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) implementation in urban development is globally adopted by many countries in the world in a rapid manner. However, the city and regional acute problems is still propagating. An in-depth study to examine this problem is required. Thus, this paper review various study related to the integration of land use and transport with TOD. The subject of the paper will be described as follow: Method, criteria and indicators of TOD'S research, Reviewing the strategic plan and the public transport plan in the worldwide, and Cross-continent comparison of integration planning. In conclusion, practice and integration of TOD through land use and transportation is an alternative solution in acquiring the objective of the master plan and to solve urban issues such as urban congestion, reduce travel time, and car dependency.
Acoustic systems (split beam echo sounder ) to determine abundance of fish in marine fisheries
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin , Manik Henry M
Published: March 2017

Acoustic waves are transmitted into the subsurface ocean will experience scattering (scattering) caused by marine organisms, material distributed in the ocean, the structure is not homogeneous in seawater, as well as reflections from the surface and the seabed. Estimation of fish stocks in the waters wide as in Indonesia have a lot of them are using the acoustic method. The acoustic method has high speed in predicting the size of fish stocks so as to allow acquiring data in real time, accurate and high speed so as to contribute fairly high for the provision of data and information of fishery resources.  Split beam echo sounder comprises two aspects, and a transducer. The first aspect is the high-resolution color display for displaying echogram at some observations and also serves as a controller in the operation of the echo sounder. The second aspect is transceiver consisting of transmitter and receiver. The Echosounder divided beam first inserted into the ES 3800 by SIMRAD beginning of the 1980s and in 1985 was introduced to fishermen in Japan as a tool for catching up. Split beam transducer is divided into four quadrants.  Factors that contribute affect the value of Target Strength (TS) fish Strength target can generally be influenced by three factors: a target factor itself, environmental factors, and factors acoustic instrument. Factors include the size of the target, the anatomy of fish, swim bladder, the behavior of orientation.
Effects of various factors on Doppler ultrasonographic measurements of radial and coccygeal arterial blood pressure in privately owned, conscious cats
Authors: Whittemore Jacqueline C. , Nystrom Michael R. , Mawby Dianne I.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of age, body condition score (BCS), and muscle condition score (MCS) on radial and coccygeal systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) in cats.

DESIGN Prospective randomized trial.

ANIMALS 66 privately owned cats enrolled between May and December 2010.

PROCEDURES BCS and MCS of cats were assessed by 2 investigators; SAP was measured via Doppler ultrasonic flow detector, with cats positioned in right lateral or sternal recumbency for measurements at the radial or coccygeal artery, respectively, with order of site randomized. Associations among variables were assessed through correlation coefficients, partial correlation coefficients, and ANCOVA.

RESULTS Interrater reliability for BCS and MCS assessment was high (correlation coefficients, 0.95 and 0.83, respectively). No significant effect was identified for order of SAP measurement sites. Coccygeal and radial SAP were positively correlated (ρ = 0.45). The median difference in coccygeal versus radial SAP was 19 mm Hg, but differences were not consistently positive or negative. Radial SAP was positively correlated with age (ρ = 0.48) and negatively correlated with MCS (ρ = −0.30). On the basis of the correlation analysis, the association between radial SAP and MCS reflected the confounding influence of age. Coccygeal SAP was not significantly correlated with age, BCS, or MCS.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of the coccygeal artery is recommended to reduce the confounding effects of age and sarcopenia on Doppler ultrasonographic SAP measurements in cats. Additionally, monitoring for changes in MCS is recommended for cats undergoing serial SAP measurement.
Factors that influence small animal veterinarians’ opinions and actions regarding cost of care and effects of economic limitations on patient care and outcome and professional career satisfaction and burnout
Authors: Kipperman Barry S. , Kass Philip H. , Rishniw Mark
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine small animal veterinarians’ opinions and actions regarding costs of care, obstacles to client education about veterinary care costs, and effects of economic limitations on patient care and outcome and professional career satisfaction and burnout.

DESIGN Cross-sectional survey.

SAMPLE 1,122 small animal practitioners in the United States and Canada.

PROCEDURES An online survey was sent to 37,036 veterinarians. Respondents provided information regarding perceived effects of client awareness of costs and pet health insurance coverage on various aspects of practice, the influence of client economic limitations on professional satisfaction and burnout, and proposals for addressing those effects.

RESULTS The majority (620/1,088 [57%]) of respondents indicated that client economic limitations affected their ability to provide the desired care for their patients on a daily basis. Approximately half (527/1,071 [49%]) of respondents reported a moderate-to-substantial level of burnout, and many cited client economic limitations as an important contributing factor to burnout. Only 31% and 23% of respondents routinely discussed veterinary costs and pet insurance, respectively, with clients before pets became ill, and lack of time was cited as a reason for forgoing those discussions. Most respondents felt improved client awareness of veterinary costs and pet health insurance would positively affect patient care and client and veterinarian satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested most small animal practitioners believe the veterinary profession needs to take action at educational and organizational levels to inform pet owners and educate and train veterinary students and veterinarians about the costs of veterinary care.
An Analysis of Macro Mechanisms in the Development of Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Yang Qing , Hu Baiding
Published: March 2017

This article discusses in detail the relevant mechanisms that affect the development of Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). It first describes the current situation in China and the influences these mechanisms have on the development of OFDI. It then points out current problems, discusses the effects of those problems, and illustrates the roles of the relevant mechanisms. China's foreign direct investment in Canada is growing, which has increased the economic ties between the two countries, but Chinese enterprises are facing strengthened scrutiny in the acquisition of Canadian companies. This article also examines the practices and experiences of other countries in this field and presents suggestions and ideas on how to establish and improve the mechanisms in the growth of Chinese transnational corporations.
The Metal Scene and The Bible: Meaning, Accuracy, and Silence
Authors: Watts Peter , Fisher Andrew
Published: March 2017

This article examines the question “how should we understand the use of the Bible in the metal scene?” In the first part, we explore the example of Black Sabbath against the backdrop of the use of the Bible in the band's contemporary society. We argue that the Bible had a particular role in the genesis of Heavy Metal through an–admittedly hazy–understanding of biblical morality shared between metal bands and their audiences. In the second part, we make a more controversial claim. Given that the shared cultural biblical understanding has changed, the metal scene is self-consciously inauthentic, and the metal “scene” qua “metal scene” is authentically inauthentic, we argue that where the Bible is used in metal, its meaning is distorted and even silenced.
Returning the Demon's Gaze: Analyzing the Buddhist Figure of Māra in Popular Culture
Authors: Nichols Michael
Published: March 2017

While limited studies have been carried out in Asian contexts on Māra, a personification of evil in Buddhist mythology, the figure's representation in Western popular culture has been neglected. I compare Western representations of Māra in a novel, a film, and a theme park attraction with the figure's appearances in Asian Buddhist texts. I then argue that in these representations we can detect the presence of what David McMahan has termed “Buddhist Modernism” and what Jane Iwamura has called “Virtual Orientalism.” This analysis helps us understand the ongoing transformation of a Buddhist mythological figure.
The effect of unilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation on the vocal dysfunction in a patient with spasmodic dysphonia: interrogating cerebellar and pallidal neural circuits
Authors: Poologaindran Anujan , Ivanishvili Zurab , Morrison Murray D. , Rammage Linda A. , Sandhu Mini K. , Polyhronopoulos Nancy E. , Honey Christopher R.
Published: March 2017

Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a neurological disorder of the voice where a patient's ability to speak is compromised due to involuntary contractions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Since the 1980s, SD has been treated with botulinum toxin A (BTX) injections into the throat. This therapy is limited by the delayed-onset of benefits, wearing-off effects, and repeated injections required every 3 months. In a patient with essential tremor (ET) and coincident SD, the authors set out to quantify the effects of thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) on vocal function while investigating the underlying motor thalamic circuitry.

A 79-year-old right-handed woman with ET and coincident adductor SD was referred to our neurosurgical team. While primarily treating her limb tremor, the authors studied the effects of unilateral, thalamic DBS on vocal function using the Unified Spasmodic Dysphonia Rating Scale (USDRS) and voice-related quality of life (VRQOL). Since dystonia is increasingly being considered a multinodal network disorder, an anterior trajectory into the left thalamus was deliberately chosen such that the proximal contacts of the electrode were in the ventral oralis anterior (Voa) nucleus (pallidal outflow) and the distal contacts were in the ventral intermediate (Vim) nucleus (cerebellar outflow). In addition to assessing on/off unilateral thalamic Vim stimulation on voice, the authors experimentally assessed low-voltage unilateral Vim, Voa, or multitarget stimulation in a prospective, randomized, doubled-blinded manner. The evaluators were experienced at rating SD and were familiar with the vocal tremor of ET. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to study the pre- and posttreatment effect of DBS on voice.

Unilateral left thalamic Vim stimulation (DBS on) significantly improved SD vocal dysfunction compared with no stimulation (DBS off), as measured by the USDRS (p < 0.01) and VRQOL (p < 0.01). In the experimental interrogation, both low-voltage Vim (p < 0.01) and multitarget Vim + Voa (p < 0.01) stimulation were significantly superior to low-voltage Voa stimulation.

For the first time, the effects of high-frequency stimulation of different neural circuits in SD have been quantified. Unexpectedly, focused Voa (pallidal outflow) stimulation was inferior to Vim (cerebellar outflow) stimulation despite the classification of SD as a dystonia. While only a single case, scattered reports exist on the positive effects of thalamic DBS on dysphonia. A Phase 1 pilot trial (DEBUSSY; clinical trial no. NCT02558634, clinicaltrials.gov) is underway at the authors' center to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of DBS in SD. The authors hope that this current report stimulates neurosurgeons to investigate this new indication for DBS.
The second-generation eCLIPs Endovascular Clip System: initial experience
Authors: Chiu Albert H. , De Vries Joost , O'Kelly Cian J. , Riina Howard , McDougall Ian , Tippett Jonathan , Wan Martina , de Oliveira Manoel Airton Leonardo , Marotta Thomas R.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

Treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms is associated with higher recanalization and complication rates; however, the most commonly used methods are not specifically designed to work in bifurcation lesions. To address these issues, the authors describe the evolution in the design and use of the eCLIPs (Endovascular Clip System) device, a novel hybrid stent-like assist device with flow diverter properties that was first described in 2008.

METHODS

A registry was established covering 13 international centers at which patients were treated with the second-generation eCLIPs device. Aneurysm morphology and rupture status, device neck coverage, coil retention, and procedural and late morbidity and mortality were recorded. For those patients who had undergone successful implantation more than 6 months earlier, the final imaging and clinical follow-up results and need for re-treatment were recorded.

RESULTS

Thirty-three patients were treated between June 2013 and September 2015. Twenty-five (76%) patients had successful placement of an eCLIPs device; 23 (92%) of these 25 patients had complete data. Eight cases of nondeployment occurred during the 1st year of use, consistent with a learning curve; no failures of deployment occurred thereafter. Two periprocedural transient ischemic attacks and 2 asymptomatic thrombotic events occurred. Twenty-one (91%) of 23 patients underwent follow-up at an average of 8 months (range 3–18 months); 9 (42.9%) of these 21 patients demonstrated an improvement in Raymond grade at follow-up; no cases of worsening Raymond grade were recorded, and 17 (81.0%) patients sustained a modified Raymond-Roy Classification class of I or II angiographic result at follow-up. Two delayed ruptures were recorded, both in previously coiled, symptomatic giant aneurysms where the device was used as a part of a salvage strategy.

CONCLUSIONS

The second-generation eCLIPs device is a viable treatment option for bifurcation aneurysms. The aneurysm occlusion rates in this initial clinical series are comparable to the initial experience with other bifurcation support devices.
A Practical Synthesis of the Flavone, Scutellarein
Authors: Wang Qian , Liao Xia-li , Xiang Cheng , Yang Jian
Published: March 2017

A practical and economical five-step synthesis of the flavone scutellarein has been achieved in 60% overall yield using the available and cheap 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone as starting material. The reaction sequence involved reduction to the corresponding quinol, Friedel-Crafts acetylation, Claisen-Schmidt condensation with p-methoxybenzaldehyde, cyclisation and demethylation. The procedure is operationally simple and amenable to scale-up synthesis.
What Drives Country Differences in Cost of Alzheimer’s Disease? An Explanation from Resource Use in the GERAS Study
Authors: Reed Catherine , Happich Michael , Argimon Josep Maria , Haro Josep Maria , Wimo Anders , Bruno Giuseppe , Dodel Richard , Jones Roy W. , Vellas Bruno , Belger Mark
Published: March 2017

Background: Country differences in resource use and costs of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may be driven by differences in health care systems and resource availability.

Objective: To compare country resource utilization drivers of societal costs for AD dementia over 18 months.

Methods: GERAS is an observational study in France ( n = 419), Germany ( n = 550), and the UK ( n = 526). Resource use of AD patients and caregivers contributing to >1% of total societal costs (year 2010) was assessed for country differences, adjusting for participant characteristics.

Results: Mean 18-month societal costs per patient were France €33,339, Germany €38,197, and UK €37,899 (£32,501). Caregiver time spent on basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) contributed the most to societal costs (54% France, 64% Germany, 65% UK). Caregivers in France spent less time on ADL than UK caregivers and missed fewer work days than in other countries. Compared with other countries, patients in France used more community care services overall and were more likely to use home aid. Patients in Germany were least likely to use temporary accommodation or to be institutionalized at 18 months. UK caregivers spent the most time on instrumental ADL, UK patients used fewest outpatient resources, and UK patients/caregivers were most likely to receive financial support.

Conclusion: Caregiver time on ADL contributed the most to societal costs and differed across countries, possibly due to use of community care services and institutionalization. Other resources had different patterns of use across countries, reflecting country-specific health and social care systems.
Palmitate Increases β-site AβPP-Cleavage Enzyme 1 Activity and Amyloid-β Genesis by Evoking Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Subsequent C/EBP Homologous Protein Activation
Authors: Marwarha Gurdeep , Rostad Stephen , Lilek Jaclyn , Kleinjan Mason , Schommer Jared , Ghribi Othman
Published: March 2017

Epidemiological studies implicate diets rich in saturated free fatty acids (sFFA) as a potential risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In particular, high plasma levels of the sFFA palmitic acid (palmitate) were shown to inversely correlate with cognitive function. However, the cellular mechanisms by which sFFA may increase the risk for AD are not well known. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has emerged as one of the signaling pathways initiating and fostering the neurodegenerative changes in AD by increasing the aspartyl protease β-site AβPP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and amyloid-β (Aβ) genesis. In this study, we determined the extent to which palmitate increases BACE1 and Aβ levels in vitro and in vivo as well as the potential role of ER stress as cellular mechanism underlying palmitate effects. We demonstrate, in palmitate-treated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and in the hippocampi of palmitate-enriched diet-fed mice, that palmitate evokes the activation of the C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP), a transcription factor that is specifically responsive to ER stress. Induction of CHOP expression is associated with increased BACE1 mRNA, protein and activity levels, and subsequent enhanced amyloidogenic processing of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) that culminates in a substantial increase in Aβ genesis. We further show that CHOP is an indispensable molecular mediator of palmitate-induced upregulation in BACE1 activity and Aβ genesis. Indeed, we show that Chop–/– mice and CHOP knocked-down SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells do not exhibit the same commensurate degree of palmitate-induced increase in BACE1 expression levels and Aβ genesis.
Sleep Deprivation Induced Plasma Amyloid-β Transport Disturbance in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Wei Meng , Zhao Beiyu , Huo Kang , Deng Yongning , Shang Suhang , Liu Jie , Li Yanbo , Ma Louyan , Jiang Yu , Dang Liangjun , Chen Chen , Wei Shan , Zhang Juanli , Yang Hailei , Gao Fan , Qu Qiumin
Published: March 2017

Background: Sleep is an important physiological process and beneficial in the removal of brain metabolites and functional recovery. Prior studies have shown that sleep disorders are significant risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objective: The present study was designed to characterize the effect of short-term total sleep deprivation (TSD) on plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) concentrations.

Methods: A clinical trial was conducted between March 1, 2016, and April 1, 2016. Twenty volunteers (age 27.3±3.4 years) with normal cognitive function and sleeping habits were recruited from the local population. Participants underwent 24 h of TSD. Periprocedural blood samples were collected to compare the changes of plasma Aβ42, Aβ40, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (sLRP-1), soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA).

Results: TSD increased morning plasma Aβ40 levels by 32.6% ( p < 0.001) and decreased the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio by 19.3% ( p < 0.001). A positive relationship was found between TSD duration and plasma Aβ40 level ( r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio ( r = 0.25, p = 0.003). Plasma concentrations of sLRP1 ( p = 0.018) and sRAGE ( p = 0.001) decreased significantly after TSD. Aβ40 and Aβ42 plasma concentrations correlated with plasma levels of sLRP1 and sRAGE. Serum SOD decreased after TSD ( p = 0.005), whereas serum MDA was increased ( p = 0.001).

Conclusion: Sleep deprivation can lead to an elevation of plasma Aβ40 and decrease of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. The underlying mechanisms may be related to increased oxidative stress and impaired peripheral Aβ clearance as pathomechanisms of AD.