bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online vibration state identification of multi-rigid-body system based on self-healing model
Authors: Wang Guoyu , Tian Yang , Hou Chunming , Tong Kewei
Published: December 2024

The paper proposes a multi-rigid-body system state identification method based on self-healing model in order to improve the accuracy and reliability of CNC machine tools. Firstly, considering the influence of the joint surface, the Lagrange method is used to establish the mechanical model of the multi-rigid-body system. We input acceleration information and use the second-order modulation function to complete the online real-time identification of the joint surface parameters, thereby establishing the self-healing mechanical model of the multi-rigid-body system. Then, the system state equation is established by Kalman filter method based on the self-healing mechanical model, and the full information identification of multi-rigid-body system is realized by using acceleration information as input. Finally, the VMC850 vertical machining center is taken as an example to verify that the above method has high accuracy. The online state identification method proposed in this paper can provide real-time data basis for machine tool accuracy compensation and health state estimation.
Mapping Global Cereal Flow at Subnational Scales Unveils Key Insights for Food Systems Resilience
Authors: Jain Shruti
Published: December 2024

Enhancing food systems resilience requires a comprehensive understanding of food distribution along global supply chains. This research maps spatially resolved networks of global cereal flows across 3,536 subnational regions within 195 countries employing a modeling pipeline comprising machine learning, data processing, and calibration algorithms to downscale national cereal flow data. The study identifies pivotal exporting and importing regions and evaluates the implications of cereal flows for food systems resilience. It reveals insights into regional self-sufficiency and trade dependencies, such as higher self-sufficiency in the United States, Canada, and India, where domestic inflows dominate consumption, versus regions in Southeast Asia and Europe that rely on a complex mix of domestic and international inflows. The investigation uncovers regional concentration in cereal inflows and outflows at both national and subnational scales, emphasizing the importance of nuanced supply chain analysis to reinforce regional resilience and to adapt to challenges posed by climate change.
An Optimization Approach for Improving Steam Production of Heat Recovery Steam Generator
Authors: Mohammed Awsan , Al-Mansour Moath , Ghaithan Ahmed , Alshibani Adel
Published: December 2024

The heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is a critical component of a combined cycle power plant, linking the gas turbine to the steam cycle. Optimizing the parameters affecting HRSG’s steam outputs is critical for the design of combined cycle plants to maximize steam cycle efficiency. However, detailed optimization of the HRSG is a difficult task due to the involvement of numerous parameters. Consequently, this paper aims to explore the impact of the parameters affecting the HRSG's ability to generate steam. In addition, response surface methodology is used to build a mathematical relation between the steam production and the input parameter with the aim to determine the optimal values of the parameters that maximize steam production. The proposed model is effectively constructed and tested using real datasets. The findings revealed that although many factors have significant effects on steam production, the most parameters affecting steam production include HP feed gas flow, HP feed gas pressure, and the interaction between LP feed gas pressure and HP feed gas flow. In addition, the results showed that the interaction between the input parameters and the quadratic terms have a significant impact. The results also indicated that the proposed model can predict the future of steam production with an accuracy of 99%. The results also showed that the proposed model selects and provides the optimal HRSG parameter values to maximize steam production within the relevant defined constraints.
Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of Stemona tuberosa Lour. reveals heterogeneity in structure, synteny, intercellular gene transfer, and RNA editing
Authors: Xu De , Wang Tao , Huang Juan , Wang Qiang , Wang Zhide , Xie Zhou , Zeng Dequan , Liu Xue , Fu Liang
Published: December 2024

Background
Stemona tuberosa, a vital species in traditional Chinese medicine, has been extensivelycultivated and utilized within its natural distribution over the past decades. While the chloroplast genome of S. tuberosa has been characterized, itsmitochondrial genome (mitogenome) remainsunexplored.
Results
Thispaper presents the assembly of the complete S. tuberosa mitogenome using Illumina and Nanopore sequencing technologies. The assembled mitogenome is 605,873 bp in size with a GC content of 45.63%. It comprises66 genes, including 38 protein-coding genes, 25 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes.We investigated codon usage, sequence repeats, and RNA editing within the mitogenome. Additionally, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis involving S. tuberosa and 17 other taxa to clarify its evolutionary and taxonomic status. This study providesa crucial genetic resource for evolutionary research withinthe genus Stemona and other related genera in the Stemonaceae family.
Conclusion
Our study provides the first detailed analysis of the mitochondrial genome of S. tuberosa, revealing its unique multi-branched structure. We investigated codon usage, sequence repeats, and RNA editing within the mitogenome. Meanwhile, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis involving S. tuberosa and 17 other taxa to clarify its evolutionary and taxonomic status. These investigations provide a crucial genetic resource for evolutionary research within the genus Stemona and other related genera in the Stemonaceae family.
Identification of novel KRASG12D neoantigen specific TCRs and a strategy to eliminate off-target recognition
Authors: Han Xiaojian , Han xiaxia , Hao Yanan , Wang Bozhi , Li Luo , Chen Siyin , Zou Lin , Huang Jingjing , Chen Tong , Wang Wang , Liu Shengchun , Shen Meiying , Jin Aishun
Published: December 2024

Background: T cell receptor (TCR)–engineered T cells targeting neoantigens originated from mutations in KRAS gene have demonstrated promising outcomes in clinical trials against solid tumors. However, the challenge lies in developing tumor-specific TCRs that avoid cross-reactivity with self-antigens to minimize the possibility of severe clinical toxicities. Current research efforts have been put towards strategies to eliminate TCR off-target recognition.
Methods: Naive T cell repertoire was used for screening KRASG12D-reactive TCRs. Specific TCRs were subsequently identified and their functionality was assessed using TCR Jurkat cells and TCR T cells. Peptide specificity was evaluated using the X-scan assay. To enhance TCR specificity for KRASG12D and reduce their reactivity to self-peptide SMC1A29-38, mammalian TCR display libraries were employed for the design of modification in the complementarity-determining region (CDR).
Results: HLA-A*11:01-restricted TCRs targeting the KRASG12D epitope were isolated, and TCR1 was characterized with superior functional avidity and specificity. Alongside a robust recognition of endogenous KRASG12D epitope, this TCR displayed cross-reactivity with the SMC1A29-38 epitope. With an approach utilizing structural-guided mutations in the CDR-1A region of TCR1, we obtained an engineered TCR variant (TCR1a7). Functional characterization of TCR1a7 showed that this TCR not only exhibited enhanced specificity towards KRASG12D, but also demonstrated successful elimination of the off-target recognition of SMC1A29-38.
Conclusions: TCRs targeting the KRASG12D peptide could be isolated from naive T cell repertoires. Integrating the TCR-pHLA structure with a mammalian TCR library system could serve as a functional strategy to reduce potential cross-reactivity with self-antigens, such as SMC1A29-38. Our findings evidenced an operable method to enhance TCR peptide specificity, while maintaining advanced functional avidity and potent anti-tumor activity.
Analysis of the Willingness and Influencing Factors of Mutual Support for Elderly Care among the Rural Group with the Only Child Lost- Taking the Investigation of Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces as an Example
Authors: GUO Huining , ZHANG Yuanyuan , WANG Xiaoyan
Published: December 2024

Rural mutual support for the elderly is a new way to support the aged in China, combining this approach with “Lost-Only-Child” family in Sichuan and Shaanxi countryside, this paper focuses on their willingness of participating in mutual support for elderly care. which provides a realistic basis for the successful implementation of mutual support for elderly care among the rural “Lost-only-child” group. The survey and interviews were conducted on 415 “Lost-only-child” individuals and related personnel in 13 towns (streets) in Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces to investigate their willingness to participate in mutual support for elderly care. Logistic regression analysis was conducted on 13 items in three categories with seven aspects (i.e. age, gender, location, monthly family income, choice of mutual support method, choice of mutual support cost, and concerns about mutual support) regarding the basic information, economic status and mutual aid situation of “Lost-only-child” individuals. Result shows that the rural “Lost- only-child “group in Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces generally have a willingness to participate in mutual support for elderly care, which is a trend. However, specific differences such as age, location and monthly family income lead to varying degrees of willingness among “Lost-only-child” individuals regarding the choice of mutual support method, cost sharing and concerns about mutual support. Accordingly, this paper putted forward strategies as: the government should do a good job in the coordination of mutual support for the aged, and speed up the process of mutual support for this groups in the countryside; Accelerate the introduction of detailed new policies and regulations on mutual support for the rural “lost-only-child” group and eliminate the concerns of mutual support for this group; Call on and mobilize various social forces to participate in the mutual support of the group, the government, the bereaved and the society to jointly build and share; Further deepened the trust relationship between the group and the government, and the group should change the concept of elderly care and join the mutual assistance as soon as possible.
Inverted L-shaped association between anion gap and all-cause mortality in patients with critical ill atrial fibrillation: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Chen Tianfeng , Zhang Shunshun , Shi Zhewei
Published: December 2024

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias in critically ill patients and is associated with increased mortality, making it crucial to identify risk factors that contribute to poor prognosis in this high-risk population. The anion gap (AG), a calculated measure of electrolyte imbalance, is widely used to assess metabolic acidosis and has recently been applied to the prognostic evaluation of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, its prognostic value in AF patients remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between AG levels and short- and long-term mortality in critically ill AF patients.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the fourth edition Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database. Critically ill AF patients were categorized into quartiles based on their AG levels at ICU admission. The primary outcomes were 28-day and 365-day all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the relationship between AG levels and mortality. Finally, subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the consistency of the results across different patient characteristics.
Results: A total of 11,218 critically ill AF patients were included. Statistically significant differences were found between survivor and non-survivor groups for AG. According to the Kaplan-Meier curves, patients with higher AG levels had significantly higher risk of 28-day and 365-day all-cause mortality (log-rank P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the risk of 28-day and 365-day mortality was significantly greater in the highest AG quartile compared to the lowest. Compared to patients in the lowest AG quartile, those with the highest AG levels had a 1.82 times risk of 28-day mortality (HR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.53-2.16) and a 1.34 times risk of 365-day mortality (HR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.19-1.50) after adjusting for confounders. The restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a linear relationship between AG levels and all-cause mortality. Subgroup analyses further supported the robustness of our findings.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that AG is an independent predictor of both short- and long-term mortality in critically ill AF patients. Hence, monitoring AG levels may contribute to better risk stratification and clinical decision-making in this population.
Evaluation of Different Classes of Additives on Ash Melting Characteristics of Garden Grass Waste
Authors: Latif Mubashra , Brammer John , Morris John
Published: December 2024

In this work, the ash melting characteristics of crude garden grass waste (GGW) and its additive modulated mixtures were evaluated in a laboratory scale furnace by combusting the samples. For the purpose of understanding and rationalising the complex ash transformation characteristics of crude and additive modulated GGW samples in high-temperature thermochemical units, comprehensive theoretical knowledge and compositional ternary phase diagrams have been utilised in conjunction with the visual evaluation of the sintering degree of ash residues, coupled with their morphology and microchemistry results determined by the SEM-EDX and XRD analysis. This work proved that both raw and calcined eggshells can be utilised as Ca-rich anti-sintering additives as a substitute for commercially available additives such as lime and limestone for the enhancement of melting characteristics of low-melting garden grass ash. Kaolin exhibited the best anti-sintering characteristics for the elimination of ash melting of garden grass waste among all the additive mixtures tested, while no synergistic effects were observed in the Ca-rich and P-rich additive mixtures compared to their pure steams.
A cross-case study comparison of Australian metropolitan and regional cancer nurses’ experiences of work-related stressors and supports
Authors: Parkinson-Zarb Lauren , Duff Cameron , Wang Lena , Mills Jane
Published: December 2024

Background
Registered nurses are the largest single professional group working in the field of cancer care and support one of the most vulnerable patient cohorts in the healthcare system. Cancer nurses are known to experience high rates of burnout, but there are significant limitations to current research on the unique stressors experienced by this group of nurses, particularly since the emergence of COVID-19.
Methods
This study employs the Job Demands Resource Model (JD-R model) to better understand the experiences of cancer nurses’ work and describe factors which ameliorate burnout and work-related stress. A multiple case study research design was used in this study, with two groups of cancer nurses making up a total of 30 participants, allocated to separate cases bounded by geographical location. A two-phase study of Australian cancer nurses in metropolitan and regional healthcare services was conducted from 2019–2021. Data included field notes and in-depth interviews. Data analysis used a process of elaborative coding, with a pre-conceived coding framework based on the JD-R model. A combination of thematic analysis and storyline analysis was employed to analyse the data.
Results
A cross-case analysis of similarities and differences identified the job demands affecting cancer nurses, and conversely, any positive job resources which may buffer these demands. Job demands identified in both cases appeared to have similar causes but were more explicitly linked to poor resourcing in the regional case. Job resources identified in both cases were similar, but it was noted how few job resources were available to buffer the many demands inherent in cancer nurses’ work. This multiple case study found that the work of cancer nurses is high in demands and low in resources.
Conclusions Despite challenging work conditions, findings identified a highly engaged workforce. The job resources identified in this study suggest there are modifiable strategies to cultivate a supportive work environment for cancer nurses.
Obesity as a protective factor for cognitive function: a longitudinal study in a middle-aged and older Chinese adults
Authors: Liu Xiaoting , Hu Yingying , Jin Haiyu
Published: December 2024

Background
Overweight and obesity may reduce the incidence of dementia and mortality among older adults. We investigated this phenomenon in a seven-year longitudinal study.
Methods
We included 18,808 individuals (aged 45 + years) in four waves from 2011 to 2018 who were not diagnosed with dementia (mean [SD] age: 61.87 [8.88] years). We measured their body mass index (BMI) as a continuous value and categorized them into underweight (< 18.5), normal weight (18.5–23.9), overweight (24.0-27.9), and obesity (≥ 28.0) categories. We assessed cognitive function via the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS), immediate recall, delayed recall, visuospatial abilities, and global cognition. We examined the association between BMI and cognitive function using a fixed model with lagged independent variables from prior study waves.
Results
This investigation reveals an inverted U-shaped association between BMI values and cognitive function. First, compared to normal-weight individuals, we found a statistically significantly negative association between underweight and overall cognition (ß = -0.644; 95% CI: -1.318-0.031), while overweight (ß = 0.501; 95% CI:0.079–0.924) and obesity (ß = 0.698; 95% CI :0.064–1.333) were statistically significantly associated with higher cognitive scores. Second, we identified an optimal BMI of 33.4 kg/m2 using the global cognition index. Third, social participation and physical exercise are vital in increasing cognitive function. Finally, a heterogeneity analysis found that male and urban cohorts experience more pronounced cognitive benefits with an increasing BMI.
Conclusion
Mild obesity was associated with improved cognitive function in a middle-aged and older Chinese population.
Sustainability of a Non-pharmacological, Self-Managed Intervention for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: 3-group Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Cho Yu-Min , Yeh Chao Hsing , Wu Huilin , Huang Xinran , Chen Wanqi , Murphy Thomas J. , Kawi Jennifer
Published: December 2024

Background
Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) affects around 1.7 billion people globally, causing significant physical, psychological, and economic burdens. Current treatments often involve medications with risks, creating an urgent need for accessible alternatives. Interventionist-administered Auricular Point Acupressure (APA) has shown effectiveness in reducing pain. To explore whether this low-risk, non-invasive, non-pharmacologic, and non-opioid pain relief method can be expanded digitally, this study developed a self-managed APA program using mobile health technology and coaching videos, allowing individuals to self-administer APA and evaluate its impact and sustainability.
Methods
A 3-group pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted among 37 participants with CMP. The participants were randomly assigned to in-person APA (n=14) with face-to-face APA instruction, self-guided APA (n=12) with remote APA coaching, or control (n=11). All received conventional healthcare, with the APA groups also receiving adjuvant APA intervention for a 4-weeks supplemented with mobile app coaching videos, followed by monthly monitoring for three months. Data on pain intensity, physical disability, physical function, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, fear avoidance of work, and satisfaction were collected at baseline, immediately following the 4-week APA intervention, and during the 2-month and 3-month follow-ups post-intervention.
Results
Both the in-person and self-guided APA groups experienced a 47% reduction in pain intensity. Over 50% of participants achieved at least a 30% reduction in pain, and more than 17% had a 30% reduction in physical disability. Improvements included an 18% boost in physical function, decreased fatigue, improved sleep disturbance, and less depression (with increases noted in the control group), a 50% reduction in fear-avoidance of work, and only 3.8% reported not being satisfied with the APA at the 3-month follow-up. No adverse effects related to APA were reported.
Conclusion
APA improved physical and mental health in participants with CMP, enhanced readiness to return to work, and demonstrated sustainability for at least three months. Coaching videos delivered via a mobile app proved to be a feasible approach for teaching APA, increasing the accessibility of the intervention. This study highlights the impact of APA and recommends further research into its mechanisms and long-term benefits to support integration into standard practice.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05020470; First submitted: 08/19/2021; Researcher View | Pilot Testing A Theory-Driven Self-Management Intervention for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain | ClinicalTrials.gov
Higher dominant muscle strength is mediated by motor unit discharge rates and proportion of common synaptic inputs
Authors: Lecce Edoardo , Vecchio Alessandro Del , Nuccio Stefano , Felici Francesco , Bazzucchi Ilenia
Published: December 2024

Neural determinants explaining the asymmetrical force and skill observed in limb dominance still need to be comprehensively investigated. To address this gap, we recorded myoelectrical activity from biceps brachii using high-density surface electromyography in twenty participants, identifying the maximal voluntary force (MVF) and performing isometric ramp contractions at 35% and 70%MVF and sustained contractions at 10%MVF. Motor unit discharge characteristics were assessed during ramp contractions, the proportion of common synaptic input to motoneurons was calculated with coherence analysis, and the firing rate hysteresis (∆F) was used to estimate spinal motoneuron intrinsic properties. The dominant limbs presented a greater MVF compared to the non-dominant side (+ 9%, p = 0.001), with similar relative recruitment and derecruitment thresholds of motor units (p > 0.05). The discharge rate was significantly higher on the dominant side (p < 0.001), along with a greater proportion of common synaptic input (+ 14%, p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed in the ∆F (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that greater strength on the dominant side is associated with higher neural drive to muscles due to a greater proportion of common synaptic inputs rather than differences in motoneuron intrinsic properties. These results underscore neural asymmetries at the motor unit level, corresponding to different mechanical outputs underlying limb dominance.
BMSCs Facilitate Functional Recovery After Ischemic Stroke By Promoting Vascular Repair and Neurogenesis Through Nogo-A/S1PR2/NgR Signaling Pathway During The Recovery Period
Authors: Ao Guang nan , Liu Yanchao , Wu Lei , Huang Yaxian , Yang Nan , Song Min , nuermaimaiti nuerzhati , Feng Yuhang , He Wangqing , Li Zhenjun , Xu Ningbo , He Xuying
Published: December 2024

Background
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide, with limited treatment options, leaving many survivors with long-term neurological issues. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) show promise in improving recovery, but few studies have examined their role during the recovery phase. This present study aims to explore whether and how BMSCs improve neurological function during the recovery period of ischemic stroke(IS).
Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 280-300g) underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO). BMSCs and Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (BMSC-Exos) were isolated and characterized by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, and western blotting assay. Neurological function was assessed through postural reflex, tactile, visual, proprioceptive placing tests, rotarod test, and Morris water maze. Angiogenesis and neurogenesis were observed by immunofluorescence staining (IF). Exosomal miRNA profiling was performed using a microRNA array. For the mechanism study, BMSCs + miR-195 CRISPR or BMSCs + miR-195 agomirs were administered intracerebroventricularly. Genes and protein expression levels were measured using qRT-qPCR, Western blotting, and IF staining.
Results
BMSCs enhance neurological function by promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis during ischemic stroke recovery. MiR-195-5p, derived from BMSC exosomes, reduces Nogo-A induced by cerebral ischemia. Mechanistically, miR-195-5p stimulates vascular regeneration by inhibiting the Nogo-A/S1PR2 signaling pathway. Additionally, miR-195-5p inhibits the Nogo-A/NgR1 pathway, promoting neurogenesis.
Conclusions
BMSCs inhibit the Nogo-A/NgR1/S1PR2 signaling pathway via exosomal miR-195, promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis during the ischemic stroke recovery phase, thereby reducing neurological deficits. These findings suggest that targeting Nogo-A with BMSCs during stroke recovery offers a promising therapeutic approach for survivors.
A novel duplication frame-shift mutation in the BAG3 gene in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xu Kaihang , Liu Shiguang , Chen Juan , Jiang Hua
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by heart failure and a dilated heart and is different from ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease. To date, more than 50 genes have been found associated with DCM. Bcl–2–associated athanogene 3(BAG3) gene mutation plays a critical role in DCM. However, BAG3 gene mutation screening requires further research. Identifying BAG3 mutations is important for diagnosing DCM and exploring its molecular mechanism.
Methods: For detecting DCM-related gene mutations in the proband, next-generation sequencing was carried out on DNA samples and the results were verified through Sanger sequencing.
Results: A novel duplication frame-shift mutation, c.633dup (p.His212ThrfsTer43), was detected, within exon 3 in the BAG3 gene from the patient with DCM.
Conclusions: A novel duplication frame-shift mutation, c.633dup, was detected in the BAG3 gene. Results in this study expanded the BAG3 gene mutations and promoted DCM diagnosis.
Evaluation of the Social Effects of Wetland Ecological Restoration in China: From the perspective of satisfaction and perception of residents around Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province
Authors: Wang Changhai , Guo Junting , Zhang Wei , Xie Mengling , Ko Chit Oo , Liu Haifei , Yin Xinan , Sun Jun
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on the social effect assessment of the ecological governance of Poyang Lake wetland in Jiangxi Province. By distributing and collecting 1,098 valid questionnaires to the surrounding residents, this paper deeply explores the feedback of residents’ satisfaction and recognition on the effectiveness of wetland governance measures. Through the comprehensive use of regression analysis and descriptive statistical analysis methods, this paper deeply discusses the impact of the ecological management measures of Poyang Lake wetland on residents’ life quality, environmental protection awareness and community well-being. The study found that the wetland ecological management project was widely praised, and the overall satisfaction of residents was as high as 87.5%, reflecting a significant social effect. Further analysis revealed that satisfaction was affected by multiple factors, including age, education, quality of life and improvement of environmental quality. Residents’ cognition of wetland function is multi-dimensional and profound, but they still need to strengthen popular science education in deep-level ecological functions such as species protection. Based on the research conclusion, three policy suggestions are proposed: first, the government should strengthen ecological education and enhance the public awareness of environmental protection; second, the government should pay attention to the win-win of ecology and people's livelihood, promote the harmonious coexistence of wetland protection and community development; third, the government should improve the relevant infrastructure, strengthen environmental protection facilities, scientific research monitoring and legal construction, and lay a solid foundation for the sustainable protection and utilization of wetland resources.
Brain Resilience to Targeted Attack of Resting BOLD Networks as a Measure of Cognitive Reserve
Authors: Habeck Christian , Argiris Georgette , Stern Yaakov
Published: December 2024

Recent advancements in connectome analyses have enabled more precise measurements of brain network integrity. Identifying neural measures that can operate as mechanisms of cognitive reserve (CR) is integral for the study of individual variability in age-related cognitive changes. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that network resilience, or the network's ability to maintain functionality when facing internal or external perturbations that cause damage or error, can function as a CR candidate, modifying the relationship between cognitive and brain changes in a lifespan cohort of cognitively healthy adults. One hundred cognitively healthy older adults from the Reference Ability Neural Network (RANN) longitudinal lifespan cohort (50-80 years) underwent resting-state fMRI and neuropsychological testing at baseline and five-year follow-up. Using undirected weighted adjacency matrices created from the Schaefer et al. (2018) 400-parcellation atlas and 19 additional subcortical regions (419 nodes in total), whole-brain network resilience was assessed through a targeted attack approach, where nodes were sequentially removed by nodal strength and resilience defined as the iteration of the steepest slope in the largest connected component (LCC) decay. We observed that brain resilience (BR) moderated the effect of cortical thickness (CT) changes on longitudinal changes in Fluid Reasoning performance, even after adjusting for baseline differences, demographic factors, and the initial LCC of the unlesioned matrix, indicating that individuals with greater resilience were less sensitive to the effect of cortical thickness changes on changes in cognition. These findings support the use of targeted attack as a measure of cognitive reserve, suggesting that higher brain network resilience may allow individuals with reduced brain integrity to better cope with structural loss and maintain cognitive function.
Visualizing spatiotemporal pattern of vascularization by SWIR fluorescence imaging in a mouse model of perforator flap transplantation
Authors: Feng Sijia , Chen Mo , Li Huizhu , Zhang Xiao , Du Xiner , Fang Lu , Xu Kai , Li Shunyao , Chen Fuchun , Li Yunxia , Xiong Fei , Hu Dan , Mi Jingyi , Qin Xuanfeng , Chen Jun
Published: December 2024

Vascularization as a spatiotemporally interlaced process involving angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, has seldom been investigated comprehensively regarding the interrelationship of the two intertwining but sequential processes. Here, a shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging strategy with quantum dots (QDs) is designed to dynamically visualize vascularization in vivo and in situ in a perforator transplantation mouse model. The vascularization process could be directly perceived from the established flap model with an optimal observation window at 10 min post-injection. Based on SWIR technology and image processing, it was revealed that temporally, angiogenesis lasted throughout 21 days after surgery while vascular remodeling took a dominant role after 14 days both in vivo and in situ. Moreover, four perforasomes of the flap in situ displayed spatially that Zone IV shortened the vascularization process with sufficient blood supply from the LDCIA, while Zone II recovered slowly from ischemia with a lack of blood supply owing to choke zone theory. This study pioneered to add novel cognition of spatiotemporal pattern of vascularization through visualizing angiogenesis and vascular remodeling simultaneously and dynamically, thus facilitating further investigation into the mechanisms behind vascularization.
Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Antihypertensive Drugs Among Adult Hypertensive Patients Obtaining Care at Rutongo District
Authors: Nyirakabera Verdiane , Gbadamos Mojeed Akorede
Published: December 2024

Background: Hypertension, defined as systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher, is a growing public health concern in developing countries like Rwanda, due to the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Non-adherence to antihypertensive medications complicates blood pressure control, making it essential to assess adherence levels. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors related to non-adherence among patients at Rutongo District Hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2024, involving 300 hypertensive patients aged 18 years and older, on treatment for over six months. Systematic sampling was used to select participants, and adherence was measured with the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, with chi-square tests for bivariate associations, and logistic regression to identify non-adherence predictors.
Results: The mean participant age was 50.74 years (SD ±11.98), and 66.7% of total 300 participants were women. The overall adherence rate was 28.3%. Significant factors influencing non-adherence included alcohol consumption, physical activity, hypertension-specific diets, and the number of prescribed medications. Alcohol consumers were five times more likely to be non-adherent (OR=5.47, P<0.001), while those regularly physically active were less likely to be non-adherent (OR=0.396, P=0.012).
Conclusion: Adherence to antihypertensive medication in this study was lower than in comparable studies, with various behavioral and treatment-related factors influencing non-adherence. Collaborative interventions are needed to enhance patient adherence, improve hypertension management, and reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
The Power of Metaphors in Understanding 'sustainable Campus': University Students' Perceptions Based on Interviews
Authors: Kızıloğlu Esra , Karaboğa Emine Nihan Cici
Published: December 2024

A sustainable campus is a campus where universities implement environmental, social and economic principles within the framework of sustainability. In the current era, it is vital that campuses that serve as small cities aiming to leave a more sustainable and livable world to future generations are managed with a sustainable mindset. Therefore, educational institutions should implement sustainable practices on campuses in order to fulfill their responsibilities towards society and contribute to a sustainable future. In this context, it is aimed to reveal how the concepts of sustainability and sustainable campus are perceived in educational institutions and to provide a theoretical basis on how these concepts can be taught more effectively in the education system. The research was conducted to measure the perceptions of students studying in different departments of two state universities located in Konya province in Turkey regarding the concept of "sustainable campus". For this purpose, metaphor analysis and semi-structured interview methods were preferred among qualitative research methods. These methods were used because they allow for a more in-depth and comprehensive understanding to be developed by combining different data sources. As a result of the research, it was seen that sustainability practices and education in universities were inadequate. According to the results obtained from the metaphor and interview data, the sustainable campus perception of the students of the two universities is generally associated with "continuity". The students, who are more sensitive in the areas of environmental awareness and social responsibility, also admitted that they do not have enough knowledge about the concept of sustainable campus.
Predictive Value of the Lowest Serum Albumin Level during Hospitalization in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Zhao Biao , Zhang Hua-zhen , Liu Tao , Liu Dan , Wang Da-wei
Published: December 2024

Background and Purpose ___ This study aimed to explore the potential association between the lowest serum albumin concentration during hospitalization and the prognosis of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in order to provide a scientific basis for selecting and optimizing clinical treatment options.
Methods___ A total of 268 patients with ICH were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses and ROC curve analyses were used to identify the correlation between the lowest serum albumin concentration and the prognosis of patients with ICH.
Results ___ 1. The lowest serum albumin concentration, Glasgow coma score (GCS), and hematoma volume were independent influences on the prognosis of patients with ICH (P<0.05). 2. A good outcome in patients with ICH was predicted when the lowest serum albumin levels were >31.8 g/L (AUC=0.849, P<0.001), the GCS was >11 (AUC=0.878, P<0.001), and the hematoma volume was ≤a3.6 mL (AUC=0.863, P<0.001). 3. The lowest serum albumin concentration was statistically different between GCS (3–8, 9–12, 13–15: 29.30 (3.90), 33.80 (6.85), (36.70 (5.55)) (χ2 =69.696, P<0.001) and had a positive correlation with GCS (rs=0.569).
Conclusions___ The lowest serum albumin concentration during hospitalization was an independent influencing factor in the prognoses of patients with ICH, and when serum albumin was greater than 31.8 g/L, it predicted a good outcome. In addition, the degree of consciousness disturbance may have some influence on the serum albumin level, and the specific mechanism needs further study.
A Machine Learning Model Predicts Future Infections in Elderly Patients in the Intensive Care Unit Who Carry Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae by Analyzing Easily Accessible Electronic Medical Records.
Authors: Sun Fei , Zhou Huihui , Jiang Min , Xia Zhaoxin , Gao Ya , Ding Yueting , Men Wanqi , Shen Jilu
Published: December 2024

Background: The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) presents a significant challenge in clinical anti-infective therapy among older adults in intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, finding valid methods to rapidly identify patients with a high risk of CRE infection is essential. Creating a fully automated score based on a machine-learning algorithm may be a method to quickly predict the incidence of subsequent CRE infection in CRE Intestinal Carriers among older adults in the ICU.
Methods:Older patients with positive CRE rectal swab screening were identified using electronic medical records from April 1, 2020, and April 31, 2024. Intestinal carriers who acquired CRE infections were compared to those who did not develop CRE infections. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to screen for essential features associated with CRE infection. Finally, three features (mechanical ventilation ≥96h, tigecycline exposure, SOFA score) were used to establish models. Four models, logistic regression model (LR), decision tree (DT), naive Bayes model (NBM), and support vector machine (SVM) classifier, were trained to establish a prediction model and a nomogram. The model's discriminatory capability was evaluated by determining the area under the curve (AUC). Additionally, calibration, decision curve analyses (DCA), and the bootstrapping validation method were conducted to assess the model further.
Result: Of the 1433 patients, CRE colonized 71, and 28 developed CRE infection, of whom 13 developed CRE bloodstream infection (BSI). LR outperformed other classifier models in data and achieved the lowest Brier Score. AUC and the bootstrap value of the developed nomogram were 0.862(95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.780–0.943) and 0.862 (95% CI: 0.776–0.933), respectively. Besides, the calibration curve showed good consistency between the actual diagnosed CRE infection and the predicted probability, and DCA showed that if the threshold probability of CRE infection was between 42% and 98%, using the proposed nomogram to predict subsequent CRE infection in CRE intestinal carriers would obtain a net benefit.
Conclusions:Our analysis revealed that this model would help in the individualized evaluation of the necessity of CRE de-colonization and inform strategies to eliminate the need for CRE infection.
Toll Like Receptor 4 and IFNγ Signalling axis as a therapeutic target in Triple negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Jondhale Mayur , Salunke Rushigandha , Saldanha Elveera , Singh Amit , Bandre Bipin , Patel Vainav , Joshi Shalaka , Sahay Ayushi , Chandrani Pratik , Mukherjee Nupur
Published: December 2024

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a hormone-receptor-negative (ER/PR/Her2)- subtype of breast cancer which has an immunogenic character and shows extensive molecular heterogeneity. TLRs (Toll like receptors) are a class of pattern recognition receptors regulating innate immune response. In the present study, we want to envisage the immunomodulatory role of TLR4 in TNBC. The TLR expression was assessed in TNBC tumors using qPCR/flowcytometry/multiplex immunofluorescence imaging. Also, the same was compared using TNBC-TCGA datasets. Also, the correlation of TLR expression with distinct cytokines was compared in TNBC tumors using ELISA and by analysis of TNBC-TCGA transcriptome datasets. A variable pattern of TLR expression (TLR 3/4/6/9) was observed in TNBC tumors with comparably higher expression in TIL (Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte)-enriched TNBC tumors than TIL-low tumors. Interestingly, TLR4 expression was observed to be higher in tumor cells (CDH1+) compared to that in stromal cells (CDH1-) within TNBC tumors. The TLR4 expression was found to significantly correlate with IL10/IFNϒ cytokine expression in TNBC tumors. Analysis of TNBC-TCGA datasets predicted longer survival probability in TIL-enriched TNBC patients with high TLR 4 and IFNϒ expression. This study suggests that targeting the TLR4 and IFNϒ signaling could be a potential therapeutic target in TNBC.
Serum β-Hydroxybutyrate decline: a common pathological factor for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cognitive impairment
Authors: Nie Lijuan , Yang Xinyi , Wang Ying , Sun Jing , Sun Yaohuan , Zhang Yujuan , Zhou Xiqiao
Published: December 2024

Background: Recently, cognitive impairment has emerged as a consequential aspect of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), prompting speculation that diminished β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) production might be intricately involved in its pathogenesis, along with that of cognitive decline. However, the intricate interplay between the circulating BHB levels and these conditions remains unclear.
Methods: A BHB ELISA assay kit was used to quantify serum BHB concentrations in both healthy individuals and patients with MASLD or cognitive impairment. Pearson’s correlation analysis assessed associations between BHB levels and pertinent clinical parameters. The diagnostic utility of serum BHB levels in identifying MASLD and cognitive impairment was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results: The findings revealed a stark contrast: patients with MASLD and cognitive impairment exhibited notably lower serum BHB levels than healthy individuals. Furthermore, BHB levels were inversely associated with BMI (r = -0.407, P < 0.001), AST (r = -0.233, P = 0.044), TC (r = -0.266, P= 0.021), LDL-C (r = -0.236, P = 0.046), and HbA1c (r = -0.416, P < 0.001), while demonstrating a positively relationship with cognitive performance, as indicated by Mini-Mental State Examination (r = 0.434, P < 0.001) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (r = 0.433, P < 0.001). Notably, ROC curve analysis underscored potential diagnostic significance of serum BHB in both MASLD and cognitive impairment. Intriguingly, supplementary research illuminated a negative correlation between serum BHB levels and age among healthy individuals (r = -0.775, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: This work implies that a decrease on circulating BHB levels may lead to the occurrence of MASLD and cognitive impairment.
Design of enhanced deep belief network based on APSO
Authors: Wang Longyang , Xu Sheng , Pan Jiacheng , Lin Cong
Published: December 2024

The deep belief network (DBN) has been widely applied in various fields. However, the traditional DBN has low prediction accuracy and it is difficult to determine the network structure when processing the continuous data. To solve these problems, an enhanced continuous deep belief network (EDBN) based on adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) is proposed in this paper. First, based on the gaussian noise transformation and deep learning theory, a EDBN is presented to improve the prediction accuracy of the deep belief network. Second, an APSO with adaptive mutation strategy is employed to optimize the network structure. Finally, the performance of EDBN-APSO is verified by comparing with other algorithms on Lorentz time series, concrete compressive strength test and the total phosphorus prediction. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed EDBN.
Development of a coumarin-based Schiff base fluorescent probe and its application in detection of Cu²⁺
Authors: Ma Qiurui , Yang Xinli , Zhao Yingying
Published: December 2024

A highly practical Schiff base fluorescent probe, (E)-3-amino-N'-((7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide (M), with a facile synthetic route has been successfully developed. M has been utilized for the specific detection of Cu2+ in THF/H2O Tris buffer solution (v/v=9:1, 0.01 M, pH=7.4) via the fluorescence quenching mechanism. The detection of Cu2+ by M has been largely unaffected by interfering ions and has demonstrated a distinct dual-channel response in both colorimetry and fluorescence. The response time of M towards Cu2+ is remarkably fast, taking only 30 s. Additionally, M exhibits exceptional sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 1.76×10-7 M. The stoichiometric ratio between M and Cu2+ has been determined to be 1:1 through Job's Plot, while the binding constant has been calculated as 1.19×104 M-1 using the Benesi-Hildebrand equation. The structure of M has been elucidated by 1H NMR and ESI-MS analyses, thereby confirming the binding mode between M and Cu2+. Further validation has been achieved through DFT calculations. The test paper based on M has finally been prepared for the rapid and convenient detection of Cu2+. The M has also been utilized for the detection of Cu2+ in real samples, including lake water, onions, and coffee, demonstrating favorable recovery rates. Moreover, successful visual detection has been achieved in food samples such as bean sprouts and rice. The aforementioned examples have collectively illustrated the practical applicability of M in authentic samples.