bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adult mouse brain gene expression patterns bear an embryologic imprint
Authors: Zapala Matthew A. , Hovatta Iiris , Ellison Julie A. , Wodicka Lisa , Del Rio Jo A. , Tennant Richard , Tynan Wendy , Broide Ron S. , Helton Rob , Stoveken Barbara S. , Winrow Christopher , Lockhart Daniel J. , Reilly John F. , Young Warren G. , Bloom Floyd E. , Lockhart David J. , Barlow Carrolee
Published: July 2005

The current model to explain the organization of the mammalian nervous system is based on studies of anatomy, embryology, and evolution. To further investigate the molecular organization of the adult mammalian brain, we have built a gene expression-based brain map. We measured gene expression patterns for 24 neural tissues covering the mouse central nervous system and found, surprisingly, that the adult brain bears a transcriptional “imprint” consistent with both embryological origins and classic evolutionary relationships. Embryonic cellular position along the anterior–posterior axis of the neural tube was shown to be closely associated with, and possibly a determinant of, the gene expression patterns in adult structures. We also observed a significant number of embryonic patterning and homeobox genes with region-specific expression in the adult nervous system. The relationships between global expression patterns for different anatomical regions and the nature of the observed region-specific genes suggest that the adult brain retains a degree of overall gene expression established during embryogenesis that is important for regional specificity and the functional relationships between regions in the adult. The complete collection of extensively annotated gene expression data along with data mining and visualization tools have been made available on a publicly accessible web site (www.barlow-lockhart-brainmapnimhgrant.org).
Genetic interactions between [
PSI
+
] and nonstop mRNA decay affect phenotypic variation
Authors: Wilson Marenda A. , Meaux Stacie , Parker Roy , van Hoof Ambro
Published: July 2005

Yeast strains can reversibly interconvert between [
PSI
+
] and [
psi
-
] states. The [
PSI
+
] state is caused by a prion form of the translation termination factor eRF3. The [
PSI
+
] state causes read-through at stop codons and can lead to phenotypic variation, although the molecular mechanisms causing those phenotypic changes remain unknown. We identify an interaction between [
PSI
+
]-induced phenotypic variation and defects in nonstop mRNA decay. Nonstop mRNA decay is triggered when a ribosome reaches the 3′ end of the transcript. In contrast, we observed little interaction between [
PSI
+
]-induced phenotypic variation and defects in nonsense-mediated decay, which lead to suppression of premature stop codons. These results suggest that at least some of the phenotypic effects of [
PSI
+
] may be due to read-through of “normal” stop codons, thereby producing extended proteins. Moreover, these observations suggest that nonstop mRNA decay may limit [
PSI
+
]-induced phenotypic variation. Such a process would allow periodic sampling of the 3′ UTR, which can diverge rapidly, for novel and beneficial protein extensions.
Histones are required for transcription of yeast rRNA genes by RNA polymerase I
Authors: Tongaonkar Prasad , French Sarah L. , Oakes Melanie L. , Vu Loan , Schneider David A. , Beyer Ann L. , Nomura Masayasu
Published: July 2005

Nucleosomes and their histone components have generally been recognized to act negatively on transcription. However, purified upstream activating factor (UAF), a transcription initiation factor required for RNA polymerase (Pol) I transcription in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, contains histones H3 and H4 and four nonhistone protein subunits. Other studies have shown that histones H3 and H4 are associated with actively transcribed rRNA genes. To examine their functional role in Pol I transcription, we constructed yeast strains in which synthesis of H3 is achieved from the glucose-repressible
GAL10
promoter. We found that partial depletion of H3 (≈50% depletion) resulted in a strong inhibition (>80%) of Pol I transcription. A combination of biochemical analysis and electron microscopic (EM) analysis of Miller chromatin spreads indicated that initiation and elongation steps and rRNA processing were compromised upon histone depletion. A clear decrease in relative amounts of UAF, presumably caused by reduced stability, was also observed under the conditions of H3 depletion. Therefore, the observed inhibition of initiation can be explained, in part, by the decrease in UAF concentration. In addition, the EM results suggested that the defects in rRNA transcript elongation and processing may be a result of loss of histones from rRNA genes rather than (or in addition to) an indirect consequence of effects of histone depletion on expression of other genes. Thus, these results show functional importance of histones associated with actively transcribed rRNA genes.
Spider webs designed for rare but life-saving catches
Authors: Venner Samuel , Casas Jérôme
Published: July 2005

The impact of rare but positive events on the design of organisms has been largely ignored, probably due to the paucity of recordings of such events and to the difficulty of estimating their impact on lifetime reproductive success. In this respect, we investigated the size of spider webs in relation to rare but large prey catches. First, we collected field data on a short time-scale using the common orb-weaving spider
Zygiella x-notata
to determine the distribution of the size of prey caught and to quantify the relationship between web size and daily capture success. Second, we explored, with an energetic model, the consequences of an increase in web size on spider fitness. Our results showed that (i) the great majority of prey caught are quite small (body length less than 2 mm) while large prey (length greater than 10 mm) are rare, (ii) spiders cannot survive or produce eggs without catching these large but rare prey and (iii) increasing web size increases the daily number of prey caught and thus long-term survival and fecundity. Spider webs seem, therefore, designed for making the best of the rare but crucial event of catching large prey.
Evolutionary dynamics of altruism and cheating among social amoebas
Authors: Brännström Å , Dieckmann U
Published: July 2005

Dictyostelium discoideum
is a eukaryotic amoeba, which, when starvation is imminent, aggregates to form fruiting bodies consisting of a stalk of reproductively dead cells that supports spores. Because different clones may be involved in such aggregations, cheater strategies may emerge that allocate a smaller fraction of cells to stalk formation, thus gaining a reproductive advantage. In this paper, we model the evolutionary dynamics of allocation strategies in
Dictyostelium
under the realistic assumption that the number of clones involved in aggregations follows a random distribution. By determining the full course of evolutionary dynamics, we show that evolutionary branching in allocation strategies may occur, resulting in dimorphic populations that produce stalkless and stalked fruiting bodies. We also demonstrate that such dimorphisms are more likely to emerge when the variation in the number of clones involved in aggregations is large.
PLANT‐LEVEL ANALYSIS USING THE ARD: ANOTHER LOOK AT GIBRAT'S LAW
Authors: Harris Richard , Trainor Mary
Published: July 2005

This study uses the Annual Respondents Database to test whether Gibrat's law of proportionate effect holds for the UK manufacturing industry during the period 1973–1998. For a sample of manufacturing industries, four different panel unit root tests were carried out to test the relationship between growth and size for three measures of size: gross output, employment and gross value added. The tests were applied to unbalanced plant‐level panel data. The results show that there is strong evidence to reject Gibrat's law that firm growth is a random process in favour of the alternative proposition of mean reversion.
SEAFARERS' “MARITIME CULTURE” AND THE “I‐KIRIBATI WAY OF LIFE”: THE FORMATION OF FLEXIBLE IDENTITIES?
Authors: Borovnik Maria
Published: July 2005

This paper aims to examine how seafarers from the Pacific Republic of Kiribati cope with the experience of working with crews of different nationalities, and, further, how the exposure to different cultures during their journeys through international waters influences both their own identity as well as their perceptions of I‐Kiribati culture. Based on examples from open and semi‐structured interviews with seafarers working on German merchant ships and Japanese fishing vessels, the paper questions the application of concepts of “hybridity” in the case of these I‐Kiribati men in favour of the idea of “cultural flexibility”. It further considers to what degree seafarers strongly rooted in the clearly confined cultural values of Kiribati have adapted the values received through their training and employment by German or Japanese and Korean companies and officers. The paper adds to the framework of transnationalism by advancing the notion of emporion, in which the circular and transversal journeys of seafarers are viewed as a connecting space between land‐based areas; a space which provides a basis for an extended knowledge and understanding of different cultural outlooks as well as relations between nations.
SMALL‐SCALE INDUSTRY AS A SPONGE? EMPIRICAL SURVEY IN THE CENTRAL REGION, GHANA
Authors: Mensah John V.
Published: July 2005

It has been posited that small‐scale industry – businesses with less than 30 workers – provides a large share of employment and income in Ghana. This paper examines the proposition that while such enterprises in the informal sector are said to act as a sponge to soak up surplus labour in marginal activities, they are unprofitable. Using data from a survey in 1998 of 175 micro and small‐scale enterprises in the Central Region of Ghana, the paper also confirms problematic aspects of employment in this sector including the lack of formal contracts, irregular pay, low remuneration, non‐existent social protection and only marginal employment growth. The implication is that the small‐scale industry sector is not economically sustainable in its present form in Ghana.
BUSINESS CLUSTERS IN THE SOUTH: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL FROM INDONESIAN EVIDENCE
Authors: Perry Martin
Published: July 2005

Advocacy of the advantages accruing to business clusters in developing economies has followed that in developed economies. With doubts emerging about the evidence for these in developed economies, it is therefore appropriate to review the experience in the developing world. A model of cluster emergence and growth has guided accounts of developing country clusters. Drawing on experience from Indonesia, doubts are raised about that model's prediction of the emergence of successful joint action in maintaining cluster advantages. Any advantages from clustering are insufficient to face development challenges arising from the globalisation of economic activity. The significance of business clusters in low income economies needs to be reviewed in the light of actual experience and the reappraisal emerging in developed or high income countries.
What Face Inversion Does to Infants' Counting Abilities
Authors: Bonatti Luea L. , Frot Emmanuel , Mehler Jacques
Published: July 2005

Infants younger than 1 year do not correctly count the number of objects in a scene by using differences among their properties, unless these differences cross the broad category boundaries separating humans, animals, and artifacts. Here we show that face orientation influences whether 10- and 12-month-old infants count correctly or incorrectly. When infants saw two puppets appearing and disappearing behind an occluder successively and had no cues for numerosity other than differences among the puppets' properties, they correctly counted two puppets if one had an upright face and one an upside-down face. However, when the same puppets were both shown with faces upright, infants failed the task. Overall, this pattern of success and failure closely parallels the pattern of brain activations registered when adults and infants watch objects characterized by the same property contrasts.
When Your Brain Decides What You See
Authors: Pearson Joel , Clifford Colin W.G.
Published: July 2005

Research suggests that the neural concomitants of visual rivalry are contingent on the stimulus parameters, implying the existence of three different types of rivalry. Binocular rivalry (dissimilar patterns are presented, one to each eye) is seemingly mediated by interactions between pools of monocular neurons. Monocular rivalry (superimposed patterns are presented to one or both eyes) is presumably the result of competition between neural representations of the patterns. Stimulus rivalry (dissimilar patterns are swapped rapidly between the two eyes) is independent of eye of origin. In the experiment reported here, we integrated these three different types of rivalry into one stimulus. We found that perceptual alternations span the three types of rivalry, demonstrating that the brain can produce a coherent percept sourced from three different types of visual conflict. This result is in agreement with recent work suggesting that the resolution of competitive visual stimuli is mediated by a general mechanism spanning different levels of the visual-processing hierarchy.
Reasoning From Unfamiliar Premises
Authors: Dias Maria , Roazzi Antonio , Harris Paul L.
Published: July 2005

A long tradition of research initiated by Luria in the 1930s has established that unschooled adults perform poorly on reasoning tasks. Particularly when the premises are unfamiliar, they adopt an inappropriate empirical bias. However, recent findings show that young children with little or no schooling reason competently if prompted to think of the unfamiliar premises as pertaining to a distant planet. We tested two groups of adults: illiterate, unschooled adults and adults with limited schooling. Both groups received problems that included either a premise with unknown content or a premise contradicting their everyday experience. When given a minimal prompt, both groups manifested the customary empirical bias. By contrast, when explicitly prompted to think of the unfamiliar premises as pertaining to a distant planet, they reasoned accurately and appropriately justified their conclusions in terms of the supplied premises.
Diversity and assembly of weed communities: contrasting responses across cropping systems
Authors: LÉGÈRE A , STEVENSON F C , BENOIT D L
Published: July 2005

Diversity and weed community composition of mid‐season plant stands and autumn seedbanks were examined in spring barley–red clover cropping systems that varied according to crop rotation, tillage and weed management. Weed plant and seed density data collected over 4 years were used in the calculation of species richness (number of species), evenness (Shannon's E) and diversity (Shannon's H′), and in multivariate analysis (canonical discriminant analysis) of weed communities. Weed diversity indices were low (H′ < 2.0) but sensitive to management practices. Evenness had intermediate values (E = 0.4–0.8), suggesting little evidence of truly dominant species, particularly in the seedbanks. The difference in the number of species between treatments was never large (approximately two to four species). Overall, diversity indices were highest in the low disturbance treatments, particularly those with minimum weed management. Factors affecting ordination were somewhat different from those affecting diversity. Tillage had little effect on weed diversity indices but had a more major role in determining weed community composition. Seedbanks in no‐till and monoculture‐chisel plough treatments appeared to have more distinctive species composition compared with other treatments. Weed species assembly in seedbanks showed little discrimination across treatments and over time, confirming the ability of seedbanks to buffer disturbances across a variety of cropping systems. The use of diversity indices revealed part of the complexity of weed communities associated with disturbance in cropping systems, whereas ordination singled out species–cropping systems associations, which may be more meaningful to weed management.
Effects of two pathogens on the performance of Cirsium arvense in a successional fallow
Authors: KLUTH S , KRUESS A , TSCHARNTKE T
Published: July 2005

Biological control of weeds by natural antagonists is of increasing interest. To reduce densities of the weed Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle) in a successional fallow, we applied spores of two pathogens, the biotrophic rust Puccinia punctiformis and the perthotrophic Phoma destructiva, for three consecutive years individually at different dates and combined. The proportion of systemically Puccinia punctiformis‐infected C. arvense was not influenced by the treatments, but local rust infection was a good predictor of systemic infection in the following season. Artificial inoculations with P. destructiva increased the incidence of this pathogen in the third year as a result of synergistic effects, when co‐inoculated with P. punctiformis. Inoculations with either pathogen had little effect on C. arvense shoot density, although there were transient reductions after combined inoculations with both fungi compared with the fungicide treatment. Cirsium arvense decreased from 60% to 5% cover within 3 years, while the cover of the co‐occurring fallow vegetation increased. Under field conditions, with an already high degree of natural P. punctiformis infection, the effects of inoculations of the single pathogens were minor, but reductions in shoot density after combined inoculations indicate that this inoculation may have the potential to cause a decline of this weed.
Female Attraction to Conspecific Chemical Cues in the Palmate Newt Triturus helveticus
Authors: Secondi Jean , Haerty Wilfried , Lodé Thierry
Published: July 2005

Although chemosignals are largely used in sexual communication in urodeles, olfactometer studies in newts provided contrasting results about the sex specificity of female behavioural responses. Because long‐range sexual advertisement is believed to be costly, some species might restrain this activity to close interactions with conspecifics. We tested chemical‐mediated sexual attraction in female palmate newt (Triturus helveticus) by measuring the attraction to male and female odours in a linear water olfactometer. Unexpectedly, females were attracted towards conspecifics regardless of sex. They did not show attraction towards Limnaea stagnalis, a common sympatric aquatic gastropod. These results do not support the use of long‐range male sexual signalling in the palmate newt. Instead, conspecific attraction is likely to promote aggregation of males and females in breeding ponds. Observations in the field and in the laboratory tend to support the aggregative behaviour of this species. We discuss the possible function of conspecific attraction in this context. Heading towards any conspecific would increase the probability of finding potential mates. Chemical cues do not need to be sex‐specific at that stage so that long‐range sexual advertisement might be unnecessary. This work emphasizes the need for studies investigating the evolutionary relationships between sexual signalling systems and population‐distribution patterns.
A New Archaeogastropod (Rhipidoglossa, Trochacea) from Hydrothermal Vents on the East Pacific Rise
Authors: HICKMAN CAROLE S.
Published: July 2005

Melanodrymia aurantiaca gen. et sp.n., a conispiral archaeogastropod of trochacean affinities, occurs on chimneys and stacks of polymetallic sulphide deposits at hydrothermal vents on the abyssal ocean floor at 21°N Latitude off Baja California, Mexico. The shell is unique in its combination of reflexed growth lines, strongly prosocline aperture, discordant sculpture, discoidal geometry and pattern of apertural angulations. The similarity in form with Paleozoic euomphalaceans and pleurotomariceans is considered superficial and the unusual shell form and simplification of shell microstructure are interpreted as evolutionary correlates of small size. The radula is unusual, but it shares many features with the rhipidoglossan radulae of four undescribed limpet‐shaped species from hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise. It is hypothesized that the adaptive radiation occurred in situ, late in the Tertiary or Quaternary, and from a coiled ancestor.
Two New Species of the pulcher Group in the Genus Copidognathus (Acari, Halacaridae)
Authors: BARTSCH ILSE
Published: July 2005

Eleven species are now known to belong to the Copidognathus pulcher group, viz. C. extensus, C. loricifer, C. magnipalpus (with the subspecies magnipalpus and ponticus), C. manicatus, C. pachypus, C. pulcher, C. scitus, C. suezensis, C. triops, C. milliporus and C. uniscutatus, C. milliporus sp.n., found in Caribbean waters, and C. uniscutatus sp.n., from the Philippines, are described. The geographical distribution of the pulcher group is summarized in a figure.
The Spider Genera Singa and Hypsosinga (Araneae, Araneidae) in Israel
Authors: LEVY GERSHOM
Published: July 2005

Israeli spiders of the orb‐weaver genera Singa and Hypsosinga (Araneidae) have been revised. New and updated information on the little known Mediterranean spider fauna, pertaining to European species as well, is presented. Some of the species have never been adequately described or illustrated. All the species previously described from the Middle East and adjacent countries were re‐examined. Aranea neta is newly placed in Singa and the following new synonyms are defined: Lithyphantes sepfemguffafus Simon, 1873, along with Araneus decorus (Simon, 1891) and Lithyphantes pollocki Denis, 1956 =Singa neta (O. P.‐Cambridge, 1872); Singa afjinis O. P.‐Cambridge, 1876 along with Singa attica Simon, 1884 =Hypsosinga albovittata (Westring, 1851). The presence of three species formerly reported from Israel, including one erroneously determined, has been confirmed, and the occurrence of another three species previously unknown from this country has been proved. All are newly described. Keys, detailed illustrations of diagnostic characters and records of ‐distribution are provided for each species.
The Spider Fauna of the East African Mountains. Part II. The Genus Walckenaeria Blackwall (Araneae, Linyphiidae)
Authors: HOLM ÅKE
Published: July 2005

Ten new species of the genus Walckenaeria Blackwall, subgenus Tigellinus Simon, are described: W. cognatus from Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. W. elgonensis from Mt. Elgon. Kenya. W. jocquet from Nyika Plateau, Malawi, W. kulalensis from Mt. Kulal, Kenya. W. macrops from Mt. Elgon, Kenya. W. mauensis from Mau Forest. Kenya, W. microps from Mt. Elgon. Kenya. W. minuscula from Aberdare, Kenya, W. ngorongoroensis from Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania, and W. ocularis from Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Redescriptions are given for W. anerdrensis (Holm), W. meruensis Tullgren, W. ruwenzoriensis (Holm) and of the type species of the subgenus. W. furcillata (Menge). Tigellinus kilimanjarensis Holm, 1962. is synonymized with Walckenaeria meruensis Tullgren. 1910. The functional relation between the components of the palpal organ and the palpal tibia, paracymbium and cymbium in W. jocquei is described.
A Light and Electron Microscopical Investigation of Loricate Choanoflagellates (Choanoflagellida, Acanthoecidae) from the Andaman Sea, SW Thailand and Denmark: Species of Cosmoeca gen. n.
Authors: THOMSEN HELGE ABILDHAUGE , BOONRUANG PENSRI
Published: July 2005

The choanoflagellate genus Cosmoeca gen.n. is characterized by a very regular arrangement of rod‐shaped costal strips, forming 9–12 longitudinal costae (each composed of 34 costal strips) and 2–3 transverse costae. Anteriorly the longitudinal costae attach the transverse costae at the joints between neighbouring transverse costal strips. Five species of Cosmoeca are described: norvegica sp.n. (type species; previously referred to as sp. “N”), C. ventricosa sp.n., (C. phuketensis sp.n., C. subulata sp.n. and C. ceratophora sp.n. Cosmoece ventricosa sp.n. is obviously part of from complex, the extent of which has not yet been fully explained. In this paper, three groups of specimens clearly related to C. ventricosa sp.n. are illustrated and briefly described (C. ventricosa forms A. B, C). Form A appears to be identical to Pleurasiga orculaeformis Schiller, 1925, sensu Leadbeater.
Redescription of the Heteronemertean Lineus atrocaeruleus (Schmarda, 1859)
Authors: SÁNCHEZ MALVA , MORETTO HUMBERTO J.
Published: July 2005

This paper redescribes Lineus atrocaeruleus (Schmarda, 1859), a species common on the coast of Chile. It contains new information about anatomy and geographical distribution. The material obtained in the present study proves to be conspecific with L. atrocaeruleus sensu Bürger (1896) and Friedrich (1970).
Macrotrachela quadricornifera (Rotifera, Bdelloidea); a SEM Study on Active and Cryptobiotic Animals
Authors: RICCI CLAUDIA , MELONE GIULIO
Published: July 2005

The general morphology of Macrotrachela quadricornifera Milne, 1886 in the active and cryptobiotic states is analyzed under the scanning electron microscope. Some foot peculiarities not previously observed are reported, in particular the canaliculated spurs and presence of a sort of groove on the toes. The integument of active animals is perforated with pores and is micro‐sculptured in the trunk region. During cryptobiosis, the animal is contracted, its toot and head being retracted into the trunk: the same microsculpture of the trunk integument is observed.
Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Gutless Phallodrilinae (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae), with Descriptions of One New Genus and Twenty‐Two New Species*
Authors: ERSÉUS CHRISTER
Published: July 2005

The gutless members of the subfamily Phallodrilinae are taxonomically revised and generically split off from their gut‐bearing relatives. Inanidrilus Erséus, 1979, a much modified definition of which is presented, comprises the species leukodermatus (Giere, 1979) comb.n., speroi sp.n., fijiensis sp.n., bonomii sp.n., carterensis sp.n., gustavsoni sp.n., wasseri sp.n., scalprum sp.n., belizensis sp.n., aduncosetis sp.n., vacivus sp.n., triangulatus sp.n., ernesti sp.n., manae sp.n., falcifer Erséus & Baker, 1982, renaudae sp.n., extrmus (Erséus 1979) comb.n., mexicanus Erséus & Haker, 1982, and bulbosus Erséus, 1979. Olavius sp.n. is established to accommodate the species geniculatus (Erséus, 1981) comb.n., imperfectus sp.n., filithecatus (Erséus. 1981) comb.n. albidus (Jamieson, 1977) comb.n., propinquus sp.n., comorensis (Erséus. 1981) comb.n., cornuatus Davis, 1984, pellucidus sp.n., tenuissimus (Erséus, 1979) macer sp.n., caudatus (Erséus. 1979) comb.n., planus (Erséus, 1979) comb.n., clavatus (Erséus. 1981) comb.n., tantulus sp.n., longissimus (Giere, 1979) comb.n., alius sp.n., avisceralis (Erséus, 1981) comb.n., loisae sp.n., and hanssoni sp.n., Two subgenera are erected for tantulus—longissimus–alius (nominate subgenus Olavius) and avisceralis‐loisae‐hanssoni (Coralliodriloides subgen.n.), respectively. A tentative phylogeny of the gutless group, which appears monophyletic, is inferred on the basis of a partly computerized Wagner‐tree analysis of all 38 species. According to this analysis. According to this analysis, Inanidrilus can be defined by one synapomorphy, more or less sickle‐shaped penial setae, whereas Olavius can be discriminated by two such characters, (1) atrium comma‐shaped/horizontal rather than erect and (2) copulatory sacs present.
New Deep‐sea Leptognathiid Tanaids (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) from the North‐east Atlantic
Authors: BIRD G. J. , HOLDICH D. M.
Published: July 2005

Three new genera (Araphura, Leptognathioides and Stenotanais) and six new species of tanaid crustaceans from below 1000 m depth in the north‐east Atlantic are described. Two of the new species belong to the genus Leptognathiella Hansen, 1913, which is redescribed and removed from synonymy with Leptognathia Sars, 1882 (sensu Lang 1968). These species are relatively common in the tanaid material examined and have a widespread distribution in the area under study, i.e. the Rockall Trough, Porcupine Seabight and Bay of Biscay. All six species are found at depths between 2070 and 2892 m. A further nine species previously belonging to the genus Leptognathia are removed to the new genera or to Leptognathiella. New records of Leptognathioides polita (Hansen, 1913) comb.n. and Leptognathiella abyssi (Hansen, 1913) have been obtained.
Panolicella nutans gen. et sp.n. (Bryozoa, Ctenostomata), Its Description, Development and Laboratory Cultivation
Authors: JEBRAM DIETHARDT
Published: July 2005

A ctenostomatous bryozoan found in German coastal waters at a first glance showed similarities to ‘Nolella pusilla’. During cultivation experiments this species exhibited characters requiring a new taxonomic position. This species lacks cystid appendages and cannot form anastomoses of zooid buds by histological fusions typical for the Arachnidioidea. Therefore, this species is not a Nolella. An isolated double row of dorsoventral muscle fibres in young zooids reveals that the new species is related to Paludicella articulata. The find is described as a new species and genus and placed in its own new family: Panolicella nutans, Panolicellidae, referable to the Paludicelloidea s.str. sensu Jebram. Cyclindroecium pusillum Hincks, 1880 and Nolella pusilla sensu Ryland must be considered as species incertae sedis, because no type specimens exist and both descriptions are insufficient to allow an unambiguous identification according to modern requirements in the taxonomy of the Ctenostomata. Independently from the status of Nolella pusilla, identification of the species found now in the German Bight as the same species as that by Hincks (1880) and Ryland (19%) is most improbable; their similarities are only superficial.
Diarthrodella chilensis sp.n. und Rossopsyllus kerguelenensis quellonensis subsp.n. (Copepoda, Paramesochridae) von Chile
Authors: MIELKE WOLFGANG
Published: July 2005

During a collecting trip to Chile, two species of Paramesochridae belonging to the genera Diarthrodella and Rossopsyllus were found. The new species D. chilensis is widely distributed on the coasts of central Chile. Up to now, the new subspecies R. kerguelenensis quellonensis is only known from Quellón, Island of Chiloé. The nominate subspecies R. kerguelenensis kerguelenensis Soyer, 1974 was described from the Kerguelen Archipelago.
Studies on the Ultrastructure of the Genital Organs in Proseriata (Turbellaria). I. Cirrifera aculeata (Ax) (Coelogynoporidae)
Authors: MARTENS ELS E. , SCHOCKAERT ERNEST R.
Published: July 2005

The genital organs in adult specimens of Cirrifera aculeata have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The male copulatory organ is of the conjuncta‐duplex type provided with a spiny cirrus. The structure of the epithelia lining the different parts of the genital organs is described. The cirrus spines and the spines in the genital atrium are shown to be intracellular specializations. The structure and location of the cirrus spines in the Proseriata studied so far are discussed.
Fine‐Structure and Evolutionary Implications of the Frontal Organ in Turbellaria Acoela. 1 Diopisthoporus gymnopharyngeus sp.n.
Authors: SMITH JULIAN P. S. , TYLER SETH
Published: July 2005

Although a variety of larval and adult invertebrates possess an anterior ‘frontal organ’, ‘frontal gland’ or ‘apical organ’, the degree of functional or phylogenetic relatedness of these various organs is largely unknown. The frontal organ in primitive turbellarians is important for phylogenetic analysis both within and without the Turbellaria, a group whose phylogenetic position in the Metazoa is of crucial importance to many current theories of bilaterian origins. In the present paper, the ultrastructure of the frontal organ in Diopisthoporus gymnopharyngeus sp.n. is studied, in connection with a description of this new acoel turbellarian species from North Carolina, U.S.A. The frontal organ of D. gymnopharyngeus comprises two identical gland cells that open at the exact apical pole of the body. There are no specific sensory associations with the opening of the frontal glands and, therefore, the frontal organ in this species is best regarded as purely glandular. This constitutes a major difference between the frontal organ in D. gymnopharyngeus and the glandulo‐sensory apical organs of the Müller's and Götte's larvae of polyclad turbellarians, as well as the purely sensory apical organs of the larvae of other invertebrates investigated to date. Similarities between the body wall glands and the frontal glands in D. gymnopharyngeus, coupled with the generally low level of differentiation of the frontal organ in this species, are in accord with von Graff's hypothesis that the frontal organ in acoels evolved from an anterior accumulation of body wall glands, and support the relatively primitive position of the Diopisthoporidae within the Acoela postulated from earlier studies of the parenchyma.
Relationship of Nandinia binotata (Gray) to the Superfamily Feloidea (Mammalia, Carnivora)
Authors: WIIG ØYSTEIN
Published: July 2005

The phylogenetic relationship between Nandinia binotata and Feloidea is analysed by the cladistic method, based on a literature review of osteological characters used in systematic works on carnivores for more than a century. The reduced or lost postglenoid foramen is a synapomorphy that define Nandinia and Feloidea as a monophyletic group. Nandinia does not have an ectotympanic septum in the bulla nor a paroccipital process nested with the posterior wall of the bulla, which are autapomorphies for the Feloidea. Thus it is hypothesized that Nandinia binotata has a sister‐group relation to Feloidea. The cartilaginous caudal entotympanic is an autapomorphy for Nandinia.
On the Anatomy and Systematic Position of the Mathildidae (Mollusca, Allogastropoda)
Authors: HASZPRUNAR GERHARD
Published: July 2005

The anatomy of two mathildid species, Opimilda maoria Powell, 1940 and Gegania valkyrie Powell, 1971 has been investigated using serial sections. The mathildid anatomy strongly resembles that of the Architectonicidae, and therefore both families are included in the superfamily Architectonicoidea. The buccal system of Gegania valkyrie is the most primitive of all Allogastropoda (Architectonicoidea and Pyramidelloidea) so far investigated. Reproductive features within with Architectonicoidea vary. Certain species (Gegania valkyrie) are hermaphrodites, whilst others (Opimilda maoria) appear to be gonochorists; in these species males also possess a (sperm‐filled) receptaculum seminis. Similar genital and reproductive features are found in the prosobranch relict species Campanile symbolicum Iredale, 1917, the systematic position of which is discussed briefly.
The Myocardial Ultrastructure of Hemilamprops rosea and Leucon nasica (Crustacea, Cumacea) and its Phylogenetic Implications
Authors: NYLUND ARE
Published: July 2005

The heart wall of Hemilamprops rosea and Leucon nasica is innervated and consists of a single‐layered epicardium and a single‐layered myocardium. Their heart ultrastructure does not differ. Large lipid‐containing cells are found in the heart lumen. The membrane systems conform to the typical eumalacostracan condition, with the isopods as the only exception. The transverse tubular system at the Z‐ and H‐levels is connected by longitudinal tubules. The sarcoplasmic reticulum, which forms a fenestrated sheath around the myofibrils, is continuous across the Z‐band and modified at the H‐level only. The interior and peripheral couplings are located at the H‐level. The posterior and anterior aorta lack contractile material. The aorta valves are bicuspid.
Ultrastructural Investigation of the Integument of Tubiluchus philippinensis (Priapulida, Tubiluchidae)
Authors: STORCH VOLKER , ALBERTI GERD
Published: July 2005

The integument of Tubiluchus philippinensis van der Land, 1984 has been investigated by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of the cuticle corresponds principally to what has been found in Priapulidae. The tumuli are mere cuticular thickenings. Setae, tubuli, flosculi and scalids are receptor organs. Tubuli additionally serve a second function: they produce a secretion. The male genital area is equipped with various receptor organs, the internal morphology of which has been described. All receptor cells are characterized by apical cilia, which may be surrounded by a circlet of microvilli. They sometimes bear a rather complicated rootlet apparatus.
New Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from the North Atlantic Ocean. VI. Eight New Species of the Genera Paranannopus Lang and Cylindronannopus Coull (Cletodidae)
Authors: SCHRIEVER GERD
Published: July 2005

Paranannopus trisetosus sp.n., P. singulosetosus sp.n., P. denticulatus sp.n., P. uniarticulatus sp.n., P. variabilis sp.n., P. kunzi sp.n. and Cylindronunnopus bispinosus sp.n. are described and classified to the three evolutionary groups within the genus Paranannopus. P. variabilis, P. kunzi and P. hicksi belong to the first evolutionary group with Enp P2‐P4 3:3:2‐segmented. All three species differ from each other and the closely related species in the setation of the swimming legs P1‐P5 and to some extent in the segmentation of the Al. P. trisetosus belongs to the second group with Enp P2‐P4 2‐segmented, and it differs from the closely related P. atlanticus Coull in the setation of the segment 2 Exp P1, P4 and of the P5. P. singulosetosus, P. uniarticulatus and P. denriculutus represent the third evolutionary group with at most I‐segmented Enp P2‐P4. They differ from each other in the segmentation of the Enp P2‐P4 and the setation of the swimming legs P2‐P4 and to some extent in the segmentation of the Exp A2. Cylindronunnopus bispinosus differs from the closely related species C. elongatus (Becker et al.) comb.n. in the setation of the P5. Updated keys are given for both genera. All species were collected at the Iceland‐Faroe Ridge from depths between 435 and 2500 m.
A New and Unusual Species of Ophiodopelma Enderlein (Insecta, Psocoptera, Pseudocaeciliidae) from Borneo (Sabah, East Malaysia)
Authors: LIENHARD CHARLES
Published: July 2005

Both sexes of Ophiodopelma glyptocephalum sp.n. are described and illustrated. The species is unique in the Psocoptera by its specialized head morphology in the male. The female entirely lacks the unusual morphological structures on the head. These structures of hypothetically sensory and/or secretory function may prove to be correlated with particular behavioral elements and to play an important role in sexual life. With regard to general morphology the new species is similar to the previously known species of the genus Ophiodopelma Enderlein, 1908.
A New Species of Lanternfish (Osteichthyes, Myctophidae) from the South Atlantic
Authors: LINKOWSKI TOMASZ B.
Published: July 2005

Lampichthys rutkovichi sp.n. is described from two stations over the Wal vis Ridge, southeast Atlantic Ocean. It differs from the only other species in this genus, L. procerus (Brauer, 1904), by the structure and size of its caudal luminous glands, the structure of the medial side of the otolith (sagitta), the proportion of otolith length to body length and the number of gill rakers on the first gill arch.
Donńees morphologiques, histochimiques et microanalytiques sur l'élaboration du tube organominéral d'Alvinella pompejana, Polychète des sources hydrothermales, et leurs implications Phylogénétiques
Authors: VOVELLE JEAN , GAILL FRANCOISE
Published: July 2005

Vovelle, J. & Gaill, F. 1986. Données morphologiques, histochimiques et microanalytiques sur l'élaboration du tube organominéral d'Alvinella pompejana, Polychète des sources hydrothermales, et leurs implications Phylogénétiques. [Morphological, histochemical and microanalytical data on the elaboration of the organomineral tube of Alvinella pompejana, a polychaete from hydrothermal vents, and its phylogenetic implications.]

The material elaborated by Alvinellu pompejuna Desbruyères & Laubier, 1980, a polychaete worm from hydrothermal vents in the East Pacific, to build up its tube originates from an anterior ventral ‘glandular shield'. Mucocytes rich in sulphated glycosaminoglycan provide an accessory component, but the bulk is formed from homogeneous granules, secreted by the deep ‘main’ cells of this shield. The organic part of the granules, as demonstrated by histochemistry, is proteinaceous, while the mineral part, as proved by microanalysis, includes phosphorus, calcium, iron and in smaller amounts magnesium and zinc. The material of the tube shows an increase in the ratio iron‐calcium. Phosphorus may be bound to the organic part, but there is no sulphur present in it. In the laminated tube, scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis detect an enrichment in heterogeneous components of different constitution (balls and crystals). Silica, pointed out as characteristic of fossil worm tubes but absent in secretions, is not of endogenous origin. The original composition of the Alvinella tube can thus be related to that of other examples of the order Terebellida who live in a less drastic environment.
Six new species of marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the continental shelf off Peru
Authors: FTNOGENOVA NONNA
Published: July 2005

Six species of marine tubifieids are described from the continental shelf off Peru. Two of them are members of the gutless genus Olavius Erséus, 1984 (subfamily Phallodrilinae). Olavius bullatus sp.n. possesses 2 pairs of large penial setae in voluminous copulatory sacs, tiny atria, and spermathecal pores in line with dorsal setae. Olavius crassitunicatus sp.n. is characterized by small atria with thin muscular layer, spermathecae with short ducts, opening dorso‐laterally, and lack of penial setae. Four species arc members of the subfamily Limnodriloidinae. Limnodriloides busilicus sp.n. belongs to the appendiculatus‐group (sensu Erséus). It is discriminated by somatic setae with subdental ligaments, and its voluminous elongate prostatic pads. Limnodriloides clavellatus sp.n. is distinguished from its congeners by a peculiar bulge in the cavity of each atrial ampulla, and spermatozeugmata imbedded in the walls of the spermathecae. Tectidrilus intermixtus sp.n. is similar to T. bori (Righi & Kanner, 1979); it is distinguished from the latter by having trisetal bundles in segment V or V‐VI and by lacking copulatory glands. Marcusaedrilus peruanus sp.n. is characterized by nongranulated atrial ducts and bipartite spermathecae.
The nematode fauna in the sulphide‐rich brine seep and adjacent bottoms of the East Flower Garden, NW Gulf of Mexico. III. Enoplida
Authors: JENSEN PREBEN
Published: July 2005

Six nematode species of the order Enoplida are described from the East Flower Garden at 72 m depth in the north‐western Gulf of Mexico. The material is from sandy and rocky bottom samples influenced or beyond the influence of a sulphide‐rich brine seep. Four species are new to science: Enoploides polysetosus sp.n., Leptosomatum woodsi sp.n., Culyptronema pulchrum sp.n. and Symploctoma brevispiculum sp.n. Mesacanthoides fibulatus Wieser & Hopper, 1967 and Cylicolaimus magnus (Villot, 1875) are redescribed and new characters are added to the existing descriptions.
Odontobius (Nematoda, Monhysteridae) from the baleen plates of whales and its relationship to Gammarinema living on crustaceans
Authors: LORENZEN SIEVERT
Published: July 2005

Based on new material, the poorly known nematode species Odontobius ceti Roussel de Vauzème, 1834 is redescribed. It lives on the baleen plates of the baleen whales. It is argued that it belongs to the Monhysteridae sensu Lorenzen. Within this family, Odontobius appears to be most closely related to Gammarinema, species of which live externally on peracarid and decapod crustaceans. It is suggested that Odontobius ceti or its ancestor lived externally on crustaceans which were (or still are?) of nutritional importance to baleen whales and that in the course of feeding on these crustaceans the nematode became adapted to its current biotope.
Marine nematodes from Guadeloupe and other Caribbean Islands. II. Draconematidae
Authors: DECRAEMER WILFRIDA , GOURBAULT NICOLE
Published: July 2005

Fourteen species of the nematode family Draconematidae have been found in meiofaunal samples from the Lesser Antilles. Three species, Dracograllus antillensis sp. n., Drucognomus simplex (Gerlach, 1954) and D. Marioni Allen & Noffsinger, 1978 are described or redescribed; information on juvenile stages is included. Faunistic and ecological data are presented for the remaining 11 species.
Nicascolaimus punctatus gen. et sp. n. (Nematoda, Axonolaimoidea), with notes on sperm dimorphism in free‐living marine nematodes
Authors: RIEMANN FRANZ
Published: July 2005

Nicascolaimus punctatus gen. et sp.n. (Axonolaimidae) from an Australian beach links the families Axonolaimidae and Comesomatidae, mainly by the combination of a long conical stoma, loop‐shaped amphids and a punctate cuticle with ring pores. The anterior and posterior testes and the respective spermatozoa are very different in structure. The occurrence of sperm dimorphism in aquatic nematodes is reviewed, and new observations on Axonolaimus helgolandicus Lorenzen, 1972 and Microlaimus aff. paraborealis Allgén, 1940 are communicated. Particular reference is made to the peculiar spermatogenesis in Rhabdodemania species (Enoplida), resulting in three different structural types filling the vesicula seminalis.