bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing overdose deaths among persons with opioid use disorder in connecticut
Authors: Scheidell Joy D. , Townsend Tarlise N. , Zhou Qinlian , Manandhar-Sasaki Prima , Rodriguez-Santana Ramon , Jenkins Mark , Buchelli Marianne , Charles Dyanna L. , Frechette Jillian M. , Su Jasmine I-Shin , Braithwaite R. Scott
Published: May 2024

Background

People in Connecticut are now more likely to die of a drug-related overdose than a traffic accident. While Connecticut has had some success in slowing the rise in overdose death rates, substantial additional progress is necessary.

Methods

We developed, verified, and calibrated a mechanistic simulation of alternative overdose prevention policy options, including scaling up naloxone (NLX) distribution in the community and medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) among people who are incarcerated (MOUD-INC) and in the community (MOUD-COM) in a simulated cohort of people with OUD in Connecticut. We estimated how maximally scaling up each option individually and in combinations would impact 5-year overdose deaths, life-years, and quality-adjusted life-years. All costs were assessed in 2021 USD, employing a health sector perspective in base-case analyses and a societal perspective in sensitivity analyses, using a 3% discount rate and 5-year and lifetime time horizons.

Results

Maximally scaling NLX alone reduces overdose deaths 20% in the next 5 years at a favorable incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER); if injectable rather than intranasal NLX was distributed, 240 additional overdose deaths could be prevented. Maximally scaling MOUD-COM and MOUD-INC alone reduce overdose deaths by 14% and 6% respectively at favorable ICERS. Considering all permutations of scaling up policies, scaling NLX and MOUD-COM together is the cost-effective choice, reducing overdose deaths 32% at ICER $19,000/QALY. In sensitivity analyses using a societal perspective, all policy options were cost saving and overdose deaths reduced 33% over 5 years while saving society $338,000 per capita over the simulated cohort lifetime.

Conclusions

Maximally scaling access to naloxone and MOUD in the community can reduce 5-year overdose deaths by 32% among people with OUD in Connecticut under realistic budget scenarios. If societal cost savings due to increased productivity and reduced crime costs are considered, one-third of overdose deaths can be reduced by maximally scaling all three policy options, while saving money.
Feasibility of middle colic artery as a landmark for superior mesenteric artery – first approach in laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy: a prospective study
Authors: Nguyen Ham Hoi , Nguyen Thanh Khiem , Trinh Hong Son , Do Hai Dang , Luong Tuan Hiep , Pham Hoan My , Le Van Duy , Do Van Minh , Chantha Pisey , Pham Hong Quang , Nguyen Dang Vung
Published: May 2024

Background

SMA-first approach in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) has been widely applied in open surgery as well as laparoscopy. Finding the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), inferior pancreatoduodenal artery (IPDA), first jejunal artery (J1A) has become a great challenge in laparoscopic PD (LPD). Meanwhile, exposing the midde colic artery (MCA) might be a feasible approach to determine SMA, IPDA, and J1A. Our study aims to find the anatomical correlation between MCA and SMA, IPDA, J1A, especially in SMA-first approach LPD from the left.

Methods

Uncontrolled clinical trial with 33 patients undergoing LPD had preoperative contrast abdominal CT scan to analyze the anatomical relevance between MCA and SMA, J1A, IPDA. The operation was performed starting with exposing MCA in advance to find SMA, J1A and IPDA. The data was analyzed by SPSS 25.0.

Results

90.9% of MCA started at 12–3 o’clock from SMA, the mean distance from the SMA root to the MCA and J1A was 56.4 mm and 37.4 mm, respectively. The distance between SMA and J1A was 19 mm. 72.7% J1A started at 9–12 o’clock, 69.7% J1A and IPDA had a common trunk. 78.8% IPDA started at 3–6 o’clock. 100% of the cases had J1A controlled intraoperatively, 81.8% for IPDA when approached from the left, 3% had MCA injury. The mean time to approach from the left was 98 min, median blood loss was 100 ml.

Conclusion

Exposing MCA first helps determine SMA, J1A and IPDA safely, efficiently and faciliates SMA-first approach LPD from the left and complete dissection of the mesopancreas and lymph nodes.
Risk factor analysis and optimal cutoff value selection of PSAD for diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer in patients with negative mpMRI: results from a high-volume center in Southeast China
Authors: Lin Shen , Jiang Wubin , Ding Jiafeng , Hao Sida , Chen Hong , Xie Liping , Zheng Xiangyi
Published: May 2024

Background

Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is a diagnostic tool used for screening, localizing, and staging prostate cancer. Patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score of 1 and 2 are considered negative mpMRI, with a lower likelihood of detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). However, relying solely on mpMRI is insufficient to completely exclude csPCa, necessitating further stratification of csPCa patients using biomarkers.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on mpMRI-negative patients who underwent prostate biopsy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2022 to June 2023. A total of 607 patients were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors for diagnosing csPCa in patients with negative mpMRI. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to compare the discriminatory ability of different Prostate-Specific Antigen Density (PSAD) cutoff values for csPCa.

Results

Among the 607 patients with negative mpMRI, 73 patients were diagnosed with csPCa. In univariate logistic regression analysis, age, PSA, f/tPSA, prostate volume, and PSAD were all associated with diagnosing csPCa in patients with negative mpMRI (P < 0.05), with PSAD being the most accurate predictor. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, f/tPSA, age, and PSAD were independent predictors of csPCa (P < 0.05). PSAD cutoff value of 0.20 ng/ml/ml has better discriminatory ability for predicting csPCa and is a significant risk factor for csPCa in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Age, f/tPSA, and PSAD are independent predictors of diagnosing csPCa in patients with negative mpMRI. It is suggested that patients with negative mpMRI and PSAD less than 0.20 ng/ml/ml could avoid prostate biopsy, as a PSAD cutoff value of 0.20 ng/ml/ml has better diagnostic performance than the traditional cutoff value of 0.15 ng/ml/ml.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of association between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G polymorphism and recurrent pregnancy loss: an update
Authors: Maghsudlu Mohaddese , Noroozi Zahra , Zokaei Elham , Motevaseli Elahe
Published: May 2024

Background

We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to better understand the association between rs1799762 PAI-1 gene polymorphism and the risk of RPL.

Methods

A systematic search for studies that assessed the association between PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism and RPL risk published in search sources, PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Google Scholar till January 2024 was conducted.

Results

There were 23 case-control studies in total, with a high degree of statistical heterogeneity among them which indicated the need for subgroup analysis. We found a significant positive association between the risk of RPL and 4G/4G PAI-1 (OR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.69-3.90), likewise 4G/5G (OR: 2/02 95% CI: 1.39-2.92) and mixed genotype (4G/4G+4G/5G) (OR: 2.31 95% CI: 1.81-2.93). Considering the ethnicity, the 4G/4G polymorphism is significantly associated with Asian descent (OR: 2.10; CI: 1.65-2.69) while the strong association (OR: 6.47; CI: 3.23-12.97) observed in the Greater Middle East descent is not statistically significant (P=0.16). PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism association with RPL was only significant in Greater Middle East descent (OR: 2.93; CI: 2.41-3.56), and mixed genotype was significantly associated with RPL in Asian (OR: 2.37; CI: 1.55-3.61), Greater Middle East (OR: 3.01; CI: 2.16-4.19), and European populations (OR: 1.38; CI: 0.91-2.10). The association between RPL and PAI-1 4G/4G was significant for RPLs both under 12 weeks (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.34-2.47), and under 24 weeks (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.11-1.92), while considering heterozygote form the association was only significant for RPLs under 24 weeks (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.58-2.31). Regarding the mixed genotype, there is a significant positive association between PAI-1 and RPL for RPLs under 12 weeks (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.49-2.93), and under 24 weeks (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.52-2.92).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate a significant association between the rs1799762 PAI-1 polymorphism and the risk of RPL.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the evolution of the immune landscape during perihematomal edema progression after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Peng , Gao Cong , Guo Qiang , Yang Dongxu , Zhang Guangning , Lu Hao , Zhang Liman , Zhang Guorong , Li Daojing
Published: May 2024

Background

Perihematomal edema (PHE) after post-intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has complex pathophysiological mechanisms that are poorly understood. The complicated immune response in the post-ICH brain constitutes a crucial component of PHE pathophysiology. In this study, we aimed to characterize the transcriptional profiles of immune cell populations in human PHE tissue and explore the microscopic differences between different types of immune cells.

Methods

9 patients with basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage (hematoma volume 50-100 ml) were enrolled in this study. A multi-stage profile was developed, comprising Group1 (n = 3, 0–6 h post-ICH, G1), Group2 (n = 3, 6–24 h post-ICH, G2), and Group3 (n = 3, 24–48 h post-ICH, G3). A minimal quantity of edematous tissue surrounding the hematoma was preserved during hematoma evacuation. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to map immune cell populations within comprehensively resected PHE samples collected from patients at different stages after ICH.

Results

We established, for the first time, a comprehensive landscape of diverse immune cell populations in human PHE tissue at a single-cell level. Our study identified 12 microglia subsets and 5 neutrophil subsets in human PHE tissue. What’s more, we discovered that the secreted phosphoprotein-1 (SPP1) pathway served as the basis for self-communication between microglia subclusters during the progression of PHE. Additionally, we traced the trajectory branches of different neutrophil subtypes. Finally, we also demonstrated that microglia-produced osteopontin (OPN) could regulate the immune environment in PHE tissue by interacting with CD44-positive cells.

Conclusions

As a result of our research, we have gained valuable insight into the immune-microenvironment within PHE tissue, which could potentially be used to develop novel treatment modalities for ICH.
Development and validation of a prediction model for suboptimal ovarian response in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients undergoing GnRH-antagonist protocol in IVF/ICSI cycles
Authors: Xu Xiaohang , Jiang Yilin , Du Jinlin , Sun Haoyue , Wang Xue , Zhang Cuilian
Published: May 2024

Background

PCOS patients with unexpectedly low oocyte yield following conventional ovarian stimulation are referred to as suboptimal responders. However, identifying suboptimal responders presents a significant challenge within reproductive medicine and limited research exists on the occurrence of suboptimal response. This analysis aimed to develop a predictive model of suboptimal response during in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatments in PCOS patients.

Methods

This retrospective study involved a cohort of 313 PCOS patients undergoing their first IVF/ICSI cycle from 2019 to 2022. Univariate logistic regression analyses, least absolute shrinkage, selection operator regression analysis, and recursive feature elimination were employed to identify relevant characteristics and construct predictive models. Moreover, a nomogram was constructed based on the best model. Receiver operating characteristic curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curves were used to evaluate the model.

Results

The predictors included in the model were age, Anti-Mullerian hormone, antral follicle count, and basal follicle-stimulating hormone. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.7702 (95% confidence interval 0.7157–0.8191). The AUC, along with the DCA curve and calibration curve, demonstrated a satisfactory level of congruence and discrimination ability.

Conclusion

The nomogram effectively predicted the probability of suboptimal response in PCOS patients undergoing gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol during IVF/ICSI treatment.
Reconstruction of a genome-scale metabolic model and in-silico flux analysis of Aspergillus tubingensis: a non-mycotoxinogenic citric acid-producing fungus
Authors: Kaushal Mehak , Upton Daniel J. , Gupta Jai K. , Wood A. Jamie , Srivastava Shireesh
Published: May 2024

Background

Aspergillus tubingensis is a citric acid-producing fungus that can utilize sugars in hydrolysate of lignocellulosic biomass such as sugarcane bagasse and, unlike A. niger, does not produce mycotoxins. To date, no attempt has been made to model its metabolism at genome scale.

Results

Here, we utilized the whole-genome sequence (34.96 Mb length) and the measured biomass composition to reconstruct a genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM) of A. tubingensis DJU120 strain. The model, named iMK1652, consists of 1652 genes, 1657 metabolites and 2039 reactions distributed over four cellular compartments. The model has been extensively curated manually. This included removal of dead-end metabolites and generic reactions, addition of secondary metabolite pathways and several transporters. Several mycotoxin synthesis pathways were either absent or incomplete in the genome, providing a genomic basis for the non-toxinogenic nature of this species. The model was further refined based on the experimental phenotypic microarray (Biolog) data. The model closely captured DJU120 fermentative data on glucose, xylose, and phosphate consumption, as well as citric acid and biomass production, showing its applicability to capture citric acid fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate.

Conclusions

The model offers a framework to conduct metabolic systems biology investigations and can act as a scaffold for integrative modelling of A. tubingensis.
Social support as a coping resource for psychosocial conditions in postpartum period: a systematic review and logic framework
Authors: Khademi Khadijeh , Kaveh Mohammad Hossein
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This review seeks to examine the current state of postpartum social support and psychosocial conditions among women around the world, as well as explore the relationship between these factors. Additionally, it aims to propose a logical framework for enhancing postpartum social support and psychosocial conditions in this population.

Methods

Following the development of a search strategy, two databases, PubMed and Science Direct, were searched for studies published between January 2019 and May 2023. The search was conducted throughout the entire month of May 2023. The risk of bias in the included cross-sectional studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, which was adapted for this specific study design. To determine if the main objective of the cross-sectional studies was to investigate the relationship between social support and postpartum psychosocial conditions, a review was conducted based on the AMSTAR checklist, PRISMA checklist and PRISMA flow diagram. Data extraction was performed with the consensus of two authors, and a narrative synthesis approach was chosen for data synthesis, following the guidelines provided by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD).

Results

Eleven cross-sectional studies were included in the final analysis. Our findings revealed that all reviewed studies provided evidence of a positive association between social support and healthy psychosocial conditions in postpartum period. However, due to the absence of standardized measurement indicators to identify and compare the outcomes of various studies, there was a need to develop a conceptual framework that could enhance our understanding of the postpartum psychosocial condition including anxiety, depression, unfavorable quality of life and social support status up to 24 month after child birth. This framework aimed to incorporate childbirth and motherhood as "stressful events," while considering social support as a crucial "coping resource." Furthermore, it acknowledged empowerment, help-seeking behavior, and peer support as important "coping actions," alongside implementing client-centered interventions. Lastly, it recognized postpartum mental health and optimal quality of life as significant "effects" of these factors.

Conclusions

The proposed conceptual framework could define postpartum women’s health as “the ability to adapt and self-manage.”
Reframing policy responses to population aging in Iran
Authors: Gietel-Basten Stuart , Marois Guillaume , Torabi Fatemeh , Kabiri Kambiz
Published: May 2024

Iran is aging rapidly and is expected to see negative population growth rates later this century. This change is generating significant concern for policymakers, whose response is to seek ‘demographic solutions’ to these issues: raise the fertility rate, decrease the divorce rate, and promote marriage among young people. Part of these policies has entailed curtailing access to free family planning services. This ‘call and response’ approach is unlikely to succeed in its stated aim, as it over-simplifies the real challenges of population aging as well as the multiple dimensions of population change. Such policies derive from simple representations of demographic change, most notably using the old-age dependency ratio. Using a microsimulation model, this paper suggests that increasing Iran’s currently low female labor force participation and translating educational gains into rising productivity is a more effective means of responding to the challenges of population aging, even under low fertility conditions. The advancement on previous such microsimulation exercises lies in the fact that this study explicitly considers the comparison between raising fertility and increasing female economic empowerment to offset population aging in a setting characterized by an overt pronatalist policy system. In tandem with reforming stressed institutional systems (such as the pension system), releasing the full potential of Iran’s existing (and future) human capital—especially of its women—is a far more effective policy direction than fertility-promoting policies.
MR diffusion-weighted imaging precision in BIRADS downstaging
Authors: Mohamed Tasneem Osama , Kader Moustafa Abdel , Gawwad Yasser Mohamed Abdel , Sharkawy Shaimaa Sh. El , Ragaee Sara Mahmoud
Published: May 2024

Background

Breast cancer is a major cause of both morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is essential to promptly identify breast cancer in order to implement a more cautious surgical approach for disease treatment. Breast ultrasonography examination has long been used as a supplementary technique to mammography to evaluate palpable or mammographically detectable breast masses. Presently, Breast MRI has become an essential instrument for the detection and analysis of breast cancer. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is MRI technique that quantifies the movement of water molecules within tissue. It can provide valuable information about the density, viscosity, integrity of membranes, and microstructure of tissues. This study included sixty patients with Equivocal/high BIRADS lesions, underwent Mammography and /or U/S, CEMRI with DWI.

Aim of the work

The aim of this study was to disclose MRDWI potency in depiction and assessment of different breast lesions unaccompanied by contrast-enhanced MRI with a view to avoid the high cost of the MRI contrast, lessen the number of needless biopsies and probably reclassify breast lesions of high BIRADS categories.

Results

This prospective study included 58 patients (with 60 breast lesions), who came with sono-mammography breast lesions of BIRADS lesions > 2, comparison between sono-mammographic BIRADS and MRI BIRADS was done, where 40 cases were downgraded by MRBIRADS. On paralleling MRDWI unescorted by contrast-enhanced MRI with sono-mammographic BIRADS, 36 cases were downgraded. Correlation between pathology of the biopsied lesions with sono-mammography, MR BIRADS and MRDWI was done as well. Sono–mammography shows 88.9% sensitivity and 61.9% specificity with accuracy of 77.7%. Combined CE –MRI and DWI shows 94% sensitivity and 97.6% specificity with accuracy of 96%. While DWI solely shows 88.9% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity with accuracy of 96%. The cutoff value of ADC for prediction of malignancy was 0.9 with 94% sensitivity, 87% specificity and 83.3 accuracy.

Conclusions

CEMRI is un-debatably effective in depicting and discriminating indeterminate breast lesions chiefly when combined with DWI. Yet, with the high expense of the contrast and in the event of contrast contraindications or unavailability, DWI has proven to be a convenient substitute for CE-MRI aiding in rendering the breast lesion BIRADS downgraded with diminishing the unneeded biopsies.
Investigating the basis of lineage decisions and developmental trajectories in the dorsal spinal cord through pseudotime analyses
Authors: Gupta Sandeep , Heinrichs Eric , Novitch Bennett G. , Butler Samantha J.
Published: May 2024

Dorsal interneurons (dIs) in the spinal cord encode the perception of touch, pain, heat, itchiness and proprioception. Previous studies using genetic strategies in animal models have revealed important insights into dI development, but the molecular details of how dIs arise as distinct populations of neurons remain incomplete. We have developed a resource to investigate dI fate specification by combining a single-cell RNA-Seq atlas of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived dIs with pseudotime analyses. To validate this in silico resource as a useful tool, we used it to first identify genes that are candidates for directing the transition states that lead to distinct dI lineage trajectories, and then validated them using in situ hybridization analyses in the developing mouse spinal cord in vivo. We have also identified an endpoint of the dI5 lineage trajectory and found that dIs become more transcriptionally homogeneous during terminal differentiation. This study introduces a valuable tool for further discovery about the timing of gene expression during dI differentiation and demonstrates its utility in clarifying dI lineage relationships.
Using models and maps to inform Target Product Profiles and Preferred Product Characteristics: the example of Wolbachia replacement
Authors: Tiley Katie , Entwistle Julian , Thomas Bruce , Yakob Laith , Brady Oliver
Published: May 2024

Background The global prevalence of diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, such as dengue, Zika and Yellow Fever, is increasing, but development of promising new mosquito control technologies could reverse this trend. Target Product Profiles (TPPs) and Preferred Product Characteristics (PPCs) documents issued by the World Health Organization can guide the research and development pathways of new products and product combinations transitioning from proof of concept to operational use. Methods We used high resolution global maps of the case and economic burden of dengue to derive programmatic cost targets to support a TPP for Wolbachia replacement. A compartmental entomological model was used to explore how release size, spacing and timing affect replacement speed and acceptability. To support a PPC for a hybrid suppress-then-replace approach we tested whether Wolbachia replacement could be achieved faster, more acceptably or at a lower cost if preceded by a mosquito suppression programme. Results We show how models can reveal trade-offs, identify quantitative thresholds and prioritise areas and intervention strategies for further development. We estimate that for Wolbachia replacement to be deployable in enough areas to make major contributions to reducing global dengue burden by 25% (in line with 2030 WHO targets), it must have the potential for cost to be reduced to between $7.63 and $0.24 (USD) per person protected or less. Suppression can reduce the number of Wolbachia mosquitoes necessary to achieve replacement fixation by up to 80%. A hybrid approach can also achieve fixation faster and potentially improve acceptability, but may not justify their cost if they require major new investments in suppression technologies. Conclusions Here we demonstrate the value dedicated modelling can provide for interdisciplinary groups of experts when developing TPPs and PPCs. These models could be used by product developers to prioritise and shape development decisions for new Wolbachia replacement products.
Standard operating procedure for the analysis of major ions in hydrothermal fluids by ion chromatography
Authors: Correggia Monica , Di Iorio Luciano , Bastianoni Alessia Benedicta , Yucel Mustafa , Cordone Angelina , Giovannelli Donato
Published: May 2024

This standard operating procedure (SOP) describes an ion chromatography (IC) procedure for the major cations and anions in hydrothermal fluids. Hydrothermal fluids are aqueous solutions with a wide range of temperature, salinity, pH and ion species that can be used by microbial metabolism as electron donors and electron acceptors. Due to the high variability of the environmental physical-chemical parameters in these samples, we have developed this protocol taking into account the special features of the matrices analyzed. An Eco IC Metrohm system equipped with a conductivity detector was used. Calibration curves are linear in the 0.1 to 10 mg/L concentration range for cations Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, NH4 + and anions Cl-, Br-, NO3 -, NO2 -, SO4 2- , HPO4 2-.
Translation Notes: Heidegger, Derrida, and the Chance for (a) Philosophy
Authors: Nardelli Elena
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to show that translation is not only a fully-fledged philosophical problem, but also a specific philosophical praxis and a test bed for extracting the core of different philosophical frameworks. For this purpose, I will take into consideration the respective philosophies of Martin Heidegger and Jacques Derrida. Even if Heidegger often practices translation from the Greek in his own works and adds a few remarks towards an original investigation of this activity, he ultimately understands translation as a ‘makeshift’ or as a ‘shipwreck’. Throughout his contestation of Heidegger’s position, Derrida shows the trap of the endless appropriation of the experience of the origin structure. He also frees up the discourse by putting the hierarchical polarization between the original and the translation into question. Thus, translation becomes a chance for philosophy, even for Derrida’s deconstruction, a chance to generate new paths for investigation and to keep its question open.
Assessment of flood disaster and management strategies in the lower Brahmaputra valley of Assam
Authors: Pranab Dutta  , Sujit Deka
Published: May 2024

Floods are common in every rainy season in the Brahmaputra valley. Several districts in Assam experience flooding every year. One of the flood-prone districts in Assam is Bongaigaon, which is situated in the lower reach of Brahmaputra River. The present work aims to examine the threats associated with floods and the role of government in management strategies. For the study, primary and secondary data have been gathered from different sources, including the District DC office (DDMA branch), Assam Secretariat office (ASDMA Branch), Sentinel 1, ICIMOD and field surveys and have been analyzed with the help of different tools. In this study, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021 and 2022 flood hazard scenarios of the district have been considered for the case evaluation. The result shows that flooding in this area has a wide range of negative impacts. Furthermore, different efforts have notably been made by the district and state administration to reduce the impact and promote sustainable management.
Wizje i zadania biblioteki przyszłości w opracowaniach z francuskiego obszaru językowego
Authors: Kamińska Dorota
Published: May 2024

Visions and Tasks of the Future Library in Elaborations from the French Language Area The future of libraries constitutes the main topic of the article based on analysis concerning the thought of French-speaking authors from Europe and North America. The text does not cover the richness of literature devoted to this subject area and it is only a sketchy trial of indicating the problems which are noted by francophone researchers and librarians--practitioners in analyses and interviews dealing with different visions of the future library. The article emphasises the role of the library as a source and verifier of the information credibility in a world flooded by fake-news. The concept of the library as a place of loose knowledge creation has also been presented (learning centre, carrefour d’apprentissage) and the social importance of the library as a place of the meeting for diverse categories of people became the next indication. Furthermore, the role of architecture and library space arrangement as factors facilitating use of the library and making it a friendly place for people have been highlighted.
Cuestiones de derecho internacional del derecho animal: su protección en el derecho internacional privado, penal y comparado
Authors: Cortés Beltrán Sergio
Published: May 2024

El estatuto jurídico de los animales establecido en los sistemas jurídicos internacionales y nacionales que estudiaremos plantea interesantes problemas al derecho internacional privado en su parte general y especial. Desde el punto de vista de la parte general, se plantean cuestiones de calificación jurídica por el tránsito de los animales de ser considerados como cosas (objetos del derecho) a seres sensibles o personas no humanas (sujetos del derecho). También pueden presentarse conflictos móviles en relación con los animales. Esto ocurre porque los animales pueden moverse y producir un cambio en el factor de conexión de tal manera que sus vínculos jurídicos, originalmente regulados por una legislación determinada, quedan sometidos a las leyes de otro país.
El Tribunal Especial para el Líbano y el terrorismo
Authors: Josefina Danessa Sofía
Published: May 2024

El terrorismo se presenta como uno de los fenómenos más complejos de conceptualizar en el derecho internacional contemporáneo. Inaugurado en 2009, el Tribunal para el Líbano declaró al terrorismo como un crimen, basándose en el derecho consuetudinario internacional, tras un vacío legal de varias décadas. La tarea de definir qué es el terrorismo siempre se ha encontrado con importantes cuestionamientos. Para poder visualizar esta cuestión es que se debe reflexionar sobre el concepto de terrorismo y para ello nos enfocaremos únicamente en lo expuesto y razonado por el Tribunal para el Líbano.
“Nuestra lucha es para que nos escuchen” Mujer, agencia, resistencia política y la búsqueda de justicia en Venezuela
Authors: Sánchez Francisco
Published: May 2024

El presente trabajo es producto de una etnografía con madres cuyos hijos han sido asesinados por operativos policiales en barrios de la Gran Caracas. Muchas de estas madres han iniciado procesos de buscar justicia y aclarar hechos, pues, como en el que comentamos, las versiones oficiales se imponen estigmatizando y silenciando a las víctimas. A través de la búsqueda de justicia, su subjetividad se va transformando en conjunto con todas las experiencias que van construyendo, logrando resistir al entorno político que las intenta disuadir.
Neutropenia induced by ceftriaxone and meropenem
Authors: Aung Zay Yar , Elmagraby Khaled , Nica Alexandra
Published: May 2024

Neutropenia by non-chemotherapy drugs is an extremely rare idiosyncratic life-threatening drug reaction. Ceftriaxone and meropenem are widely used broad-spectrum antibiotics and are generally safe and well tolerated. The authors present a case of neutropenia induced by ceftriaxone and meropenem in an adult patient. The resolution of neutropenia occurred within 48 hours of ceftriaxone and meropenem being discontinued. Although antibiotic-induced neutropenia is uncommon, clinicians should be mindful of this adverse drug effect because of its potential development of severe neutropenia, septicaemia, septic shock, deep-seated infections and even death. Therefore, neutropenic sepsis treatment should be initiated without delay, particularly if the patient becomes septic and febrile. Granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF) may be administered to facilitate the recovery process with daily monitoring of neutrophil count. Mortalities from antibiotic-induced neutropenia remain rare, with a range of 2.5–5%.
Beyond the liver: unveiling rhabdomyolysis as a rare complication of hepatitis A
Authors: Shah Yash R. , Tiwari Angad , Singh Dahiya Dushyant , Stecevic Veslav , Ahmed Zunirah
Published: May 2024

Hepatitis A is a mild self-limiting infection of the liver with spontaneous resolution of symptoms in most cases. However, clinicians should be aware of some commonly encountered complications and extrahepatic manifestations associated with hepatitis A for timely diagnosis and treatment. Rhabdomyolysis, an exceedingly rare complication of hepatitis A, is scarcely documented. We present a case of a 64-year-old man with symptoms consistent with rhabdomyolysis and an evanescent rash secondary to acute hepatitis A. He eventually recovered with conservative management. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing and treating atypical presentations of acute hepatitis A infection.
Anomalous bronchial artery origin - canary in the coal mine - for diagnosing chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Jyothi Ramachandran Nair Devi Parvathy , Zachariah Shilla , Abraham Anisha , Sacks David , Koslow Michael , Hingorani Rittu
Published: May 2024

Anomalous bronchial artery origins may have clinical implications beyond their anatomical curiosity. In this case, the identification of such an anomaly led to the diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). A 49-year-old male with a history of recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) on anticoagulation presented with chest pain and shortness of breath. Laboratory analysis was remarkable for a troponin peak of 14.74 ng/ml, a brain natriuretic peptide level of 602 pg/ml and a D-dimer level of 0.62 µg/ml. Electrocardiogram showed non-specific ST elevation in the anterolateral and inferior leads. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest was positive for PE involving the right lower lobe pulmonary arterial tree. Echocardiogram showed reduced left ventricular function (ejection fraction 38%) and akinesis of the antero-apical and infero-apical segments. Cardiac catheterization revealed non-obstructive coronary arteries, and an anomalous origin of a right bronchial artery from the right coronary artery. The right bronchial hypertrophied as it supplied collateral flow to the occluded right pulmonary artery. This anomaly and the patient’s history of multiple DVT/PEs while on therapeutic levels of warfarin with near normal D-dimer levels raised suspicion for a false positive PE. Pulmonary angiogram revealed chronic occlusion in branches of the right pulmonary artery, mean pulmonary artery pressure of 36 mmHg and no acute thrombus. Ventilation-perfusion scan confirmed the diagnosis of CTEPH. The patient underwent successful pulmonary thromboendarterectomy and subsequently had normalization of mean pulmonary artery pressure. This case underscores the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach, and consideration of alternative explanations for imaging findings, that unveiled the diagnosis of a complex and life-threatening condition such as CTEPH.
Causal association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and cataract development: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Chun-Hui , Xin Zhi-Kun
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Vitamin deficiencies are linked to various eye diseases, and the influence of vitamin D on cataract formation has been noted in prior research. However, detailed investigations into the causal relationship between 25-(OH)D status and cataract development remain scarce.

AIM

To explore a possible causal link between cataracts and vitamin D.

METHODS

In this study, we explored the causal link between 25-(OH)D levels and cataract development using Mendelian randomization. Our analytical approach included inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. The primary analyses utilized IVW with random effects, supplemented by sensitivity and heterogeneity tests using both IVW and MR-Egger. MR-Egger was also applied for pleiotropy testing. Additionally, a leave-one-out analysis helped identify potentially impactful single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

RESULTS

The analysis revealed a positive association between 25-(OH)D levels and the risk of developing cataracts (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.00-1.22; P = 0.032). The heterogeneity test revealed that our IVW analysis exhibited minimal heterogeneity (P > 0.05), and the pleiotropy test findings confirmed the absence of pleiotropy within our IVW analysis (P > 0.05). Furthermore, a search of the human genotype-phenotype association database failed to identify any potentially relevant risk-factor single nucleotide polymorphisms.

CONCLUSION

There is a potential causal link between 25-(OH)D levels and the development of cataracts, suggesting that greater 25-(OH)D levels may be a contributing risk factor for cataract formation. Further experimental research is required to confirm these findings.
Giant cavernous aneurysms occluded by aneurysmal thrombosis, calcification, parent artery occlusion: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Wang Ming-Xi , Nie Qing-Bin
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Patients with giant intracranial aneurysms (GIAs) are at a high risk of rupture, morbidity, and mortality even after surgical or endovascular treatment. We described a case of a spontaneously occluded GIA secondary to gradual growth of the GIA, continuously progressed aneurysmal thrombosis, complete aneurysmal calcification and complete occlusion of the parent artery-the right internal carotid artery (RICA).

CASE SUMMARY

A 72-year-old female patient complained of sudden pain in her right eye upon admission to our hospital. She had been diagnosed with a GIA [30 mm (axial) × 38 mm (coronal) × 28 mm (sagittal)] containing an aneurysmal thrombus located in the cavernous sinus segment of RICA diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enhanced MRI, and magnetic resonance angiography more than 14 years ago. Later, with slow growth of the cavernous carotid GIA, aneurysmal thrombosis progressed continuously, spontaneous occlusion of the RICA, complete aneurysmal calcification, and occlusion of the GIA occurred gradually. She had no history of subarachnoid hemorrhage but missed the chance for endovascular therapy at an early stage. As a result, she was left with severe permanent sequelae from the injuries to the right cranial nerves II, III, IV, V1/V2, and VI.

CONCLUSION

The risk of rupture of the cavernous carotid GIAs was relatively low and possibly further be reduced by the stasis flow and spontaneous occlusion of the parent artery internal carotid artery (ICA) induced by the mass effect of the cavernous carotid GIAs and the extremely rare aneurysmal calcification. However, nowadays, it is advisable to recommend early endovascular treatment for the cavernous carotid GIAs to prevent injuries to the surrounding intracranial nerves and occlusion of the ICA, mainly caused by the mass effect of the cavernous carotid GIAs.
White dissociation
Authors: Kinouani Guilaine
Published: May 2024

In this chapter the psychic defences of dissociation and splitting are investigated and historicised. I suggest that the white subject has had to disconnect from their body and from that of the Other in order to sustain racialised violence. I further argue that this multidimensional way of being in the world remains and is a significant blocker to racial justice.
Growth and change: private renting in Australia in the 21st century
Authors: Hulse Kath
Published: May 2024

Private renting in Australia increased markedly during the 2000s with demand fuelled by middle-income households unable to purchase housing in an era of rapidly escalating house prices, as well as high levels of migration in a growing economy. Rents became increasingly concentrated at mid-market levels, presenting acute problems for those on low incomes. Small-scale landlords drove the increase in supply but there were also signs of more purposive and financially driven activity including multi-property landlords and a nascent build-to-rent sector. The trend towards management of private rental properties by real estate agencies continued with widespread development and application of digital technology presenting both efficiencies and inequities. Reforms to residential tenancies legislation in Australia’s lightly regulated market were vigorously contested. The COVID-19 pandemic saw hitherto unthinkable government interventions in the private rental market through temporary state/territory laws to introduce eviction moratoria and suspension of rental increases, measures which were subsequently removed. Notwithstanding these emergency interventions, COVID-19 highlighted the existing power imbalance between landlord/agents and tenants as well as path dependence and a laissez-faire attitude to the operation of rental markets. The broader implications of increased private renting on Australia’s homeownership society, including asset-based retirement policies, are yet to be addressed.
Suppressive regulation and lower political esteem: private renting in Germany at the beginning of decline
Authors: Kofner Stefan
Published: May 2024

The private rental sector continues to play a much more important role in Germany than in most other countries. It is the cornerstone of housing provision in a system where only about half of the people own their homes and it serves a broad range of target groups. The chapter examines the origins and the structure of the sector and its current and future role as part of the German housing system. In particular, the fiscal framework and tenant protection regulations are discussed. The thesis is that the private rental sector has passed its zenith and will lose importance in the future. Against the backdrop of ever-increasing market tension, there has been a steady stream of interventions in rental price laws in recent years, while subsidies have developed unsteadily. This has severely disrupted the traditional ‘balance’ between regulation and subsidisation. The new federal government is seeking a different prioritisation among landlord groups in their role as housing developers, with a much greater emphasis on social and limited-profit housing. This represents a fundamental change of course in housing policy to the detriment of private landlords.
The short-run impact of COVID-19 on the private rented sector
Authors: Crook Tony
Published: May 2024

COVID-19 had major impacts on private renting because many tenants work in occupations which were shut down and they lost income or worked in low-paid jobs (for example, retail) which kept going but lived with others where infections easily spread. The pandemic also had spatial consequences with those able to do so moving to rent larger homes often in the suburbs and with gardens. At the same time, landlords were faced with rent losses and the need to evict tenants in arrears to stem losses. Most countries introduced broadly similar measures to protect jobs and incomes for all their citizens (for example, paying for staff temporarily furloughed) but took different measures to address the challenges COVID-19 posed for their private rented housing. Countries with liberal market economies and liberal welfare regimes, where the private rented sector was largely unregulated, introduced special emergency measures to protect tenants during COVID-19. Others, including those with co-ordinated market economies and social-democratic or conservative welfare regimes introduced more limited measures (often restricted to some cities or areas) as their existing frameworks of welfare support and private rented sector regulation provided support for tenants during COVID-19.
Motherhood confined
Authors: Baldwin Lucy , Abbott Laura
Published: May 2024

This chapter will draw on the authors’ research to discuss the experiences of pregnant mothers in custody. It will discuss the women’s experiences of access to antenatal support, food, experiences of external appointments and birth as imprisoned mothers. It will detail in the mothers’ voices what it feels like to be pregnant in prison, and/or to live in a mother and baby unit, highlighting the fear and the shame that surrounds pregnant and new mothers in prison. The chapter will reveal and discuss the significance of the reactions of officers and the mothers’ relationships with each other, highlighting the importance and impact of both, and also of bad practice in prisons. The chapter will take a critical stance throughout but will centre the voices of the mothers and their experiences.
The persisting pain of incarcerated pregnancy and new motherhood
Authors: Baldwin Lucy , Abbott Laura
Published: May 2024

This chapter, again drawing on the authors’ research and centring the voices and experiences of mothers, will discuss the lived experiences of mothers post-release and will demonstrate the ongoing trauma from their experiences. It will reveal the enduring harm caused to mothers, and sometimes their children, of separation, birth trauma, prison birth and loss. It will examine the mothers’ own altered perceptions of themselves as mothers and the ‘shame’ they feel at having given birth or spent time pregnant in prison.
Introduction
Authors: Sykes Olivier , Sturzaker John
Published: May 2024

This chapter introduces the book by first reviewing how a narrative of planning ‘failing to deliver’ has been constructed over recent decades on the island of Britain particularly in England. It reviews the manner in which planning has been critiqued and scapegoated since the 1970s by rightist and liberal critics, the ideas that ostensibly underpin their positions, and the resultant episodes of attempted deregulation of planning. The recrudescence of such critiques over the ‘long 2010s’, including surrounding the ‘radical’ reforms of planning proposed in 2020, is also explored. The discussion then moves to consider the book’s central question of whether many of the issues that the planning system and profession have had to contend with in fact reflect central state ‘failings’, such as endless and accelerating cycles of reform, policy churn, and tinkering by governments, which have rarely allowed one set of planning reforms to bed down before new policy reforms and initiatives have been launched. Finally, the contents and structure of the rest of the book are outlined.