bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern aspects of the management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Tsukanov V. V. , Vasyutin A. V. , Tonkikh J. L.
Published: May 2021

A review of modern data from the study of functional disorders of the digestive tract is performed. In the United States, 4 million people with functional bowel disorders seek medical care annually, and the annual cost of managing these patients is $ 358 million. Due to the urgency of the problem, new developments appear, among which it is necessary to highlight the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidelines for the management of patients with IBS. To examine patients with suspected IBS, the authors of the ACG guideline proposed a positive diagnostic strategy, which is based on a careful study of the anamnesis, focusing on the key symptoms of the relationship between abdominal pain and bowel function during a long course of the disease (more than 6 months) and the absence of alarming symptoms with minimal use of instrumental diagnostic tests. For the diagnosis of IBS, the  authors recommended serological testing for  celiac disease, determination of  fecal calprotectin  and C-reactive protein  to exclude inflammatory bowel diseases, but they did not consider it necessary to routinely analyze stool for intestinal pathogens. From our point of view, the absence of routine stool analysis for intestinal pathogens is completely inapplicable for Russia, since in our country the frequency of detection of diphyllobothriasis, giardiasis and opisthorchiasis is very high. The ACG consensus drew attention to the need to expand the evidence base for the use of some standard drugs for the treatment of IBS, proposed a number of new drugs (lebiprostone, linaclotide), recommended the use of rifaximin (for the treatment of IBS with a predominance of diarrhea) and tricyclic antidepressants (for the treatment of IBS). Analysis of modern international recommendations suggests that the clinical guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association and the Association of Coloproctologists of Russia for the diagnosis and treatment of IBS are currently the main document governing the management of these patients in our country.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease: new approaches to optimizing pharmacotherapy
Authors: Andreev D. N. , Zaborovsky A. V. , Lobanova E. G.
Published: May 2021

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are baseline drugs for induction and maintenance of remission in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). PPIs have proven to be highly effective in healing esophageal mucosal lesions and relieving the symptoms of the disease in most cases. However, according to the literature data, the incidence rate of clinical ineffectiveness of PPIs in the form of partial or complete persistence of current symptoms during administration of standard doses of PPIs ranges from 10 to 40%. Optimization of GERD therapy in PPI refractory patients is a significant challenge. In most cases, experts advise to increase a dose / dosage frequency of PPIs, switch to CYP2C19-independent PPIs (rabeprazole, esomeprazole, dexlansoprazole), add an esophagoprotective or promotility agents to therapy. At the same time, these recommendations have a limited effect in some patients, which opens up opportunities for looking for new solutions related to the optimization of GERD therapy. Today there is growing evidence of the relevance of the role of disruption of the cytoprotective and barrier properties of the esophageal mucosa in the genesis of GERD and the formation of refractoriness. Intercellular contacts ensure the integrity of the barrier function of the esophageal mucosa to protect it from various exogenous intraluminal substances with detergent properties. Acid-peptic attack in patients with GERD leads to alteration of the expression of some tight junction proteins in epithelial cells of the esophageal mucosa. The latter leads to increased mucosal permeability, which facilitates the penetration of hydrogen ions and other substances into the submucosal layer, where they stimulate the terminals of nerve fibers playing a role in the induction and persistence of the symptoms of the disease. The above evidence brought up to date the effectiveness study of the cytoprotective drugs with tropism to the gastrointestinal tract, as part of the combination therapy of GERD.
Clinical features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with different glycemic status
Authors: Shipovskaya A. A. , Kurbatova I. V. , Selivyorstov P. V. , Marchenko V. N. , Radchenko V. G. , Dudanova O. P.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. NAFLD is an urgent health problem, its prevalence reaches 45%. NAFLD increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases by 3 times, the risk of death from them by 2 times and increases the risk of developing diabetes by 5 times. NAS occupies up to 20% of the structure of NAFLD and has a high potential for progression, and the violation of endogenous glycemic regulation and the development of DM2 accelerates the rate of disease progression.

The goal was to determine the frequency of development of prediabetes (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in NASH patients and the effect of impaired glycemic status on the clinical features of NASH.

Materials and methods: 211 NASH patients were examined: 148 (70.1%) men, 63 (29.9%) women, 48.3 ± 10.2 years old. The diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical, laboratory, ultrasound and histological data. By enzyme immunoassay were determined: TNF-α, cytokeratin-18 fragments (CKF-18), insulin; were calculated HOMA-IR and NAFLD fibrosis score (NAFLD FS).

Results and discussion. PD was detected in 39 (18.5%) patients, T2DM - in 33 (15.6%) patients. In PD patients, in contrast to patients with normoglycemia, the following indicators were significantly higher: waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), cholesterol levels (Ch), LDL, ESR, TNF-α, NAFLD FS and lower albumin and platelet levels. In patients with T2DM, in contrast to those with normoglycemia, the following indicators were significantly higher: WC, BMI, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (APh), Ch, ESR, CKF-18 and NAFLD FS. In T2DM patients in contrast to those with PD, the following indicators were significantly higher: aminotransferases, APh and lower albumin level.

Conclusions. Prediabetes and T2DM were detected with almost the same frequency among patients with NASH – in 18.5% and 15.6%, respectively. Disturbance of glycemic status was associated with a significance increase in waist circumference, markers of inflammation, dyslipidemia, fibrosis, hepatocytic necrosis, apoptosis, intrahepatic cholestasis and a decrease in albumin level.
Allergic rhinitis from the otorhinolaryngologist’s perspective
Authors: Mustafaev J. M.
Published: May 2021

Allergic rhinitis remains one of the most pressing problems of modern otorhinolaryngology. Allergic rhinitis is an allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa characterised by the following symptoms (one or more): stuffiness, rhinorrhoea, nasal itching, sneezing. In recent years the incidence of allergic rhinitis in the economically developed countries has been shown to be close to 40–50%. Allergic rhinitis is now characterised by an early onset, often continuously relapsing course and resistance to antiallergic therapy. Allergic rhinitis has a negative impact on a person’s social and daily activities, mental well-being and general health, regardless of age. Allergic rhinitis significantly reduces job performance, physical and mental activity, communication skills, causes snoring, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders and erectile dysfunction. Studying the mechanisms of the disease provides the basis for a rational therapy that addresses the complex inflammatory response rather than just the symptoms of allergy. Treatment is either in outpatient settings or inpatient – in specialised departments. A recent priority of pharmacotherapy is the use of intranasal corticosteroids, both as basic therapy for allergic rhinitis and as part of a combined regimen. The use of intranasal corticosteroids is considered to be the therapy of choice in allergic rhinitis. The paper demonstrates the efficacy and safety of topical corticosteroids for use in clinical practice. Intranasal corticosteroids have a wide range of reported indications, an extensive evidence base and can be recommended for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. For best result intranasal corticosteroids should be used at first signs of allergic rhinitis onset.
Application of mucosecretolytics of plant origin in otorinolaryngology
Authors: Serebryakova I. Yu. , Garashchenko T. I. , Kuznetsov A. O. , Akhinyan A. O.
Published: May 2021

In modern otorhinolaryngology the use of herbal remedies, so-called clinical homeopathy, is widely used both as a basic and as part of complex therapy. A special place among this category belongs to medicines with secretolytic and mucolytic properties. This is due to the developed mucociliary system of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, which primarily suffers in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Most chemical mucoactive preparations have only one of the three mucosecretolytic effects and have a large number of contraindications. Herbal preparations, such as those containing Myrtol standardized, have secretolytic and mucolytic properties at the same time. Phytopreparations have deservedly occupied a leading place in the treatment of otorhinolaryngological diseases, as they have practically no contraindications and are successfully used in patients with comorbid pathology, children of all age groups and pregnant women. The efficacy of using preparations containing Myrtol standardized in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs and chronic atrophic diseases of the upper respiratory tract has been studied in a number of randomized clinical trials. The authors analysed 21 literature sources, reflecting the results of using mucosecretolytic drugs in otorhinolaryngology. In the complex treatment of acute rhinosinusitis and rhinopharyngitis the use of natural mucosecretolytic drugs significantly reduces the period of disability and avoids bacterial complications in both adult and paediatric practice. Mucolytic and antioxidant properties of preparations containing Myrtol allow for long-term effective therapy of subatrophic and atrophic processes of pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosa in elderly patients with comorbid pathology. An analysis of randomised trials has proven the efficacy of plant-based mucosecretolytics in the treatment of not only acute but also chronic upper respiratory tract diseases
Rational topical treatment of uncomplicated rhinosinusitis as a basis for successful recovery
Authors: Ovchinnikov A. Yu. , Miroshnichenko N. A. , Savranskaya K. V. , Nikolaeva Yu. O.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the treatment of one of the most common diseases - the treatment of rhinosinusitis. According to statistics only 2% of the sinusitis in population are bacterial. At the same time administration of systemic antibiotic therapy reaches 95.5%. The problem of rational prescription of antibacterial drugs, including management of the rhinosinusitis, is very acute, especially considering the constant increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Currently, the level of patients with prolonged post-viral rhinosinusitis after COVID-19 has increased. Most have a history of one or more courses of systemic antibiotics and, often, without indications. In article are listed indications for systemic and local antibacterial therapy in adults and children, based on national and European clinical guidelines. The data on complications during the use of systemic antibacterial drugs are presented. Authors give information about the advantages of the local use of antibiotics: the absence of general toxic complications, the creation of an optimal concentration directly in the focus of inflammation. The advantages of combining solutions of neomycin and polymyxin B for topical use, such as a pronounced bactericidal effect against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), causing the development of infectious processes in the upper respiratory tract, are separately noted. The author describes his own experience of using the original nasal spray Polydex with phenylephrine, containing a fixed combination of neomycin, polymyxin B, dexamethasone sodium metasulfobenzoate and phenylephrine, in the treatment of patients with post-viral rhinosinusitis. As a result of the collection of literature data, as well as based on their own experience, the authors concluded that the use of this nasal spray in outpatient practice will significantly improve the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the frequency of prescribing systemic antibiotics.
Topical issues in the treatment of chronic tonsillitis
Authors: Gurov A. V. , Muzhichkova A. V. , Kelemetov A. A.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of chronic tonsillitis. The widespread prevalence of the disease, as well as the high risk of complications from vital organs, make this problem especially urgent. The article describes in detail the factors contributing to the formation of a focus of chronic inflammation in the amygdala. Special attention is paid to the microbiological aspects of the inflammatory process, anatomical, topographic and physiological features of the tonsils, as well as their immune function. The histological changes that form against the background of a long-term chronic inflammatory process in the tonsils are described. Changes in the parenchyma of the amygdala during inflammation can be expressed both by hyperplasia and by involution of follicles with the formation of infiltrates and the subsequent development of abscesses. In the final stages of an active inflammatory process, connective tissue grows, replacing lymphoid tissue. In the paratonsillar tissue and the capsule of the amygdala, an overgrowth of connective tissue is also observed, which is accompanied by the formation of nested infiltrates around small vessels, most pronounced at the upper pole of the amygdala. According to this classification, two clinical forms of chemotherapy are distinguished: simple and toxic-allergic of two degrees of severity. Further, in accordance with this classification, the basic principles of treatment are presented. Then the features of conservative therapy and the benefits of the herbal preparation are described. The composition of this drug includes marshmallow root, chamomile flowers, horsetail herb, walnut leaves, yarrow herb, oak bark and dandelion herb. The results of several clinical trials of the drug indicate its positive effect on the dynamics of both clinical and microbiological, immunological parameters in patients with chronic tonsillitis. All this allows us to recommend wider inclusion of this combined herbal medicinal product in the complex of treatment of chronic tonsillitis.
Construction of a spatio-temporal coupling model for groundwater level prediction: a case study of Changwu area, Yangtze River Delta region of China
Authors: He Liang , Hou Manqing , Chen Suozhong , Zhang Junru , Chen Junyi , Qi Hui
Published: May 2021

Dynamic monitoring data of groundwater level is an important basis for understanding the current situation of groundwater development and for the utilization and planning of sustainable exploitation. Dynamic monitoring data of groundwater level are typical spatio-temporal sequence data, which have the characteristics of non-linearity and strong spatio-temporal correlation. The trend of dynamic change of groundwater level is the key factor for the optimal allocation of groundwater resources. However, most of the existing groundwater level prediction models are insufficient in considering temporal and spatial factors and their spatio-temporal correlation. Therefore, construction of a space–time prediction model of groundwater level considering space–time factors and improving the prediction accuracy of groundwater level dynamic changes is of considerable theoretical and practical importance for the sustainable development of groundwater resources utilization. Based on the analysis of spatial–temporal characteristics of groundwater level of the pore confined aquifer II of Changwu area in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, the wavelet transform method was used to remove the noise in the original data, and the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) method was used to calculate the water level. The spatial–temporal dataset and the long short-term memory (LSTM) were reconstructed by screening the spatial correlation of the monitoring wells in the study area. A spatio-temporal KNN-LSTM prediction model for groundwater level considering spatio-temporal factors was also constructed. The reliability and accuracy of KNN-LSTM, LSTM, support vector regression (SVR), and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model were evaluated by a cross-validation algorithm. Results showed that the prediction accuracy of KNN-LSTM is 20.68%, 46.54%, and 55.34% higher than that of the other single prediction models (LSTM, SVR, and ARIMA, respectively).
FENOMENOLOGIA, DESENHO PARAMÉTRICO E FABRICAÇÃO DIGITAL
Authors: de Oliveira Brito Leonardo , Oscar Pizzetti Mariano Pedro , Morais de Almeida Maristela , Trevisan Pupo Regiane , Theresinha Cybis Pereira Alice
Published: May 2021

Os avanços tecnológicos têm proporcionado mudanças no modo de pensar, projetar e produzir arquitetura. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o relato de uma pesquisa que investiga o processo de projeto arquitetônico para auxiliar arquitetos a utilizar tecnologias digitais com abordagem sensível ao lugar. Para isso, o trabalho parte de uma pesquisa de campo caracterizada por visitas exploratórias no Parque da Luz, em Florianópolis - Santa Catarina, a partir da perspectiva fenomenológica de experimentação do local. Adiante, articulou-se a construção de um estudo de caso viabilizado pela concepção de um projeto, com modelagem produzida em software paramétrico, considerando um mobiliário urbano. Assim, realizou-se a materialização da proposta de um protótipo por meio da fabricação digital, em que as interpretações do lugar foram reconhecidas nas intenções arquitetônicas. Como resultado e discussão, desenvolveu-se um relato que apresenta reflexões sobre as etapas percorridas na pesquisa, sobretudo ao perceber que os modelos digital e físico ajudaram a experimentar, de modo visual e tátil, o projeto, reconhecendo características do espaço vivenciado, o que pode contribuir na formação de estudantes, profissionais e pesquisadores.
ARQUITETURA EMERGENCIAL
Authors: Paulo de Andrade Silva Daniel , Bezerra Fernandes Ramon , Alexandre Ramos Duarte do Rosario Rui
Published: May 2021

Os exemplares transitórios, temporários e pragmáticos de arquitetura demonstram integrar técnicas eficientes de resposta a diversas situações. Essa nova modalidade de arquitetura, com fins temporários, recebe o nome de Arquitetura Efêmera, Portável ou Remontável. Com a pandemia do Coronavírus (COVID-19), declarada em março de 2020 pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS/ONU), o espaço construído hospitalar passou a se adaptar às circunstâncias de isolamento dos pacientes, assegurando conforto, saúde e higiene dos usuários, uma vez que se trata de uma doença infectocontagiosa de comportamento ainda pouco conhecido que vem causando grandes danos à população mundial. Neste cenário, o presente artigo faz uma pesquisa exploratória dos principais exemplares tipológicos da Arquitetura Efêmera em diversos países, que demonstrou ser uma forte aliada aos sistemas de saúde, facilitando a implantação de novas estruturas e reutilização de espaços já existentes, aumentando o número de leitos e ofertando espaços especializados no tratamento de pacientes. Fomenta-se um novo legado de estruturas temporárias adequadas ao tratamento de doenças infectocontagiosas. As considerações são apoiadas na classificação defendida por Peres (2013), o qual divide a arquitetura de emergência em seis sistemas construtivos, sendo eles o sistema modular, sistema Flat-Pack, sistema tênsil, sistema de divisórias, construção in loco e sistema pneumático. Foram levantados os dados de vinte e três hospitais de campanha em onze países diferentes, verificando-se que os sistemas modular, de divisórias e tênsil como os mais recorrentes. O material que subsidia este artigo serve de suporte para desenvolvimento da proposta projetual de um hospital de campanha.
Entrevista à Arquiteta Vera Pires
Authors: Veloso Maísa , Pires Vera
Published: May 2021

Entrevista à arquiteta paraibana radicada em Recife/PE, Vera Pires, feita por Maisa Veloso - editora-chefe da Revista
Gestio?n de liderazgo y los valores en la educacio?n
Authors: Castro Salazar Ana Zulema , Cadme Galabay Fanny , Naspud Bonete Ana Lucia
Published: May 2021

El desarrollo de la presente investigacio?n se realizo? en La unidad Educativa Luis Rogelio Gonza?lez de la ciudad de Azogues, provincia del can?ar, pai?s Educador, con jornadas matutina y nocturna. Se utilizo? el proceso descriptivo, anali?tico- sinte?tico y la triangulacio?n de la informacio?n teo?rica con los datos de la realidad y el criterio de los investigadores, utilizando las herramientas de encuestas, cuestionarios y entrevistas; con la aplicacio?n de dichas herramientas a directivos, docentes, padres de familia y estudiantes, con los resultados se pudo determinar claramente que en la institucio?n educativa no cuenta con plan estrate?gico, el cual es uno de los principales procesos para la gestio?n interna, asi? como no se ejecutan proyectos de capacitacio?n continua dirigidos a los directivos y docentes; y, la escasa o nula importancia sobre los valores en los estudiantes de esta institucio?n.

Palabras Clave: Gestio?n, liderazgo, valores, educacio?n, docentes, estudiantes, autoridades.

Abstract

This research was carried out in the Luis Rogelio Gonza?lez Educational Unit of the city of Azogues, province of Can?ar, country Educator, with morning and night conferences. The descriptive, analytical-synthetic process and the triangulation of the theoretical information with the real data and the criteria of the researchers were used, using the tools of surveys, questionnaires and interviews; with the application of these tools to managers, teachers, parents and students, with the results it was clearly determined that the educational institution does not have a strategic plan, which is one of the main processes for internal management, as well as there, are no ongoing training projects aimed at managers and teachers; and, the little or no importance on the values in the students of this institution.

Keywords: Management, leadership, values, education, teachers, students, authorities.

Resumo

O desenvolvimento da presente pesquisa foi feita na Unidade Educativa Luis Rogelio Gonza?lez da cidade de Azogues, provi?ncia de Can?ar, pai?s equatoriano, com jornadas matutina e noturna. Se utilizou o processo descritivo, anali?tico-sinte?tico e a triangulac?a?o da informac?a?o teo?rica com os dados da realidade e o crite?rio dos pesquisadores, utilizando as ferramentas de entrevistas e questiona?rios. Com a aplicac?a?o de tais ferramentas a diretivos, docentes, pais e ma?es de fami?lia e estudantes, e seus resultados, foi possi?vel determinar claramente que a instituic?a?o educativa na?o conta com plano estrate?gico, o qual e? um dos principais processos para a gesta?o interna, assim como na?o se executam projetos de capacitac?a?o conti?nua dirigidos aos diretivos e docentes; e a escassa ou nula importa?ncia sobre os valores nos estudantes desta instituic?a?o.

Palavras-chave: Gesta?o, Lideranc?a, valores, educac?a?o, docentes, estudantes, autoridades.
El Método Singapur: reflexión sobre el proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje de las matemáticas
Authors:   Universidad de la Costa CUC, Turizo Martínez Luis Gabriel , Carreño Colina Carlos Alejandro ,   Universidad de la Costa CUC, Crissien Borrero Tito José ,   Universidad de la Costa CUC
Published: May 2021

En el presente artículo de revisión bibliográfica se destacan los conceptos de aprendizaje, competencias y didáctica de las matemáticas bajo el enfoque del Método Singapur para la enseñanza de esta área. Posteriormente se orienta la revisión bajo las directrices establecidas por el Ministerio de Educacio?n de Singapur para la ensen?anza de las matema?ticas, haciendo referencia a tres de las cinco aristas propuestas en el penta?gono de Singapur, las cuales son: la metacognicio?n, habilidades matema?ticas y la motivacio?n al estudiante, como conceptos destacados en comparación a lo propuesto por el sistema educativo colombiano para la enseñanza de las matemáticas desde los lineamientos curriculares. De igual manera se complementa esta revisio?n con muchas referencias que coadyuvan a realizar unos comentarios que facilitan mejor la compresio?n de estrategia dida?ctica en la ensen?anza de la matema?tica.
The position of teacher training in UK higher education - unification of higher education and "quality assurance"
Authors: Takano Kazuko
Published: May 2021

Government officials and policymakers in Japan are interested in England's teacher training model but how did England arrive at its current teacher training programmes? Professor Kazuko Takano, Meiji University, Japan, is working to improve understanding in this area, which will assist
officials from different countries when implementing similar policies. To do this she is shedding light on the history of teacher training in England, with a specific focus on the effects of reforms introduced by the Thatcher and Major governments. A key element of this work involves an exploration
of teacher training in higher education during the Thatcher-Major educational reforms when the quality assurance system was being developed. Importantly, Takano is looking at both professional and academic aspects of teacher training. The Education Reform Act 1988 was introduced under the
Thatcher government and the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 was brought in by the Major government. Teacher training courses were largely provided by polytechnics and higher education colleges, which were public sector institutions and after higher education was unified by the 1992 Act,
polytechnics and higher education colleges meeting the standards of scale and quality were promoted to university status. With the introduction of further acts, it started to become clear that the administration of teacher training was positioned not in the higher education series but the
primary and secondary education series. This was one of the milestones in the history of teacher training in the post-war period.
Prospects for international bankruptcy legislation and new challenges
Authors: Sugiyama Etsuko
Published: May 2021

In our increasingly globalised world, businesses may operate in more than one country. If this is the case for a business and the business is forced to declare bankruptcy, multiple legal issues can arise. This is due to the lack of a single law relating to international insolvency,
with most legal systems across the world having been developed on a territorial basis. Although there have been attempts to develop a unified framework for international insolvency, there is a need for improved harmonisation and modernisation of international business rules. Professor Etsuko
Sugiyama, Graduate School of Law, Hitotsubashi University, Japan, is working to develop and implement measures that will facilitate cross-border cooperation when it comes to international bankruptcy. In one line of investigation, she is exploring whether existing systems in Japan are sufficient
to deal with issues associated with international bankruptcy. In addition, Sugiyama is part of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) working group five, which works to facilitate a harmonisation of the rules surrounding domestic and cross-border insolvency. However,
the group's rules and recommendations are yet to be adopted by all countries, necessitating more work to encourage uptake. This involves providing information on legislation and promoting the benefits.
Social cohesion and community resilience
Authors: Annette Lucy
Published: May 2021

The fifth pillar of the UN Research Roadmap for the COVID-19 Recovery considers how best to build cohesion across marginalised communities, in the hope that misinformation can be eradicated and an appreciation for all members of a community can be fostered.
Investigating the dynamics of decentralised systems in US and encouraging local participation, engagement
Authors: Maeyama Soichiro
Published: May 2021

There is growing awareness that a top-down approach, whereby decisions are made at an executive level and disseminated down, is not the only way to run companies and countries. Professor Soichiro Maeyama, Graduate School of Urban Management, Fukuyama City University, Japan, is applying
his interest in decentralised systems and the potential connections with consciousness to investigate the social function of urban decentralisation in the US. The goal is to provide new perspectives on how local dynamics and governance can be formulated. Two important considerations for Maeyama
and his team are citizen governance and how organisations can introduce innovations that can motivate staff members. His vision involves a considerable reorganisation of society that ensures people can be supported and sustained ('Mighty Community'). Ultimately, Maeyama hopes that the new
perspectives brought to light by his research can promote change in how local governments and various organisations as its cells operate and govern and help tackle disparities, discrimination and social fragmentation in communities across the globe. Maeyama and his team believe that citizen-governance
is key to establish new paradigm-shifted governments and the necessary co-production for local residents after Covid-19.
Elucidation of the history of coastal utilization of the Setouchi islands, Japan by multifaceted analysis and three-dimensional geological modelling
Authors: Makibayashi Keisuke
Published: May 2021

Three of the four main islands in Japan are separated by the Seto Inland Sea in the country's Setouchi region. This area is an important inland sea of Japan and is interesting for researchers in various fields because of its historically active exchange and trade. Associate Professor
Keisuke Makibayashi, Research Center for Asian Archaeology of Industry and Culture, Ehime University, Japan, is involved in a project focused on the Miyan'na site, which is a salt-making site from the Kofun period and the Kamakura period on a small island in the Seto Inland Sea in Ehime Prefecture
that is seeking to restore the lost landscape. This work involves the use of different research methods such as particle size analysis, soil physics and chemistry analysis, as well as organising a cross-sectional view of the Miyan'na site, performing 3D geological modelling, using scientific
data to explain beach ridges and understand historical human activities, and performing excavations. Ultimately, the researchers want to return the landscape to the local community, thereby contributing to the people in the area. The research is also expected to make important contributions
to archaeology, history and environmental science.
Investing in the future
Authors: Annette Lucy
Published: May 2021

The Skills & Education Guarantee Pilot Scheme is a joint project from the European Investment Fund (EIF) and the European Commission (EC) aimed at supporting training and development investment for employees. Through improving access to finance for small and medium businesses in
search of funding to invest in education and upskilling, this €50 million pilot scheme is expected to benefit around 1.5 million businesses. The initiative launched in 2020 and, beyond this, aims to become a mainstream financial instrument across Europe within the 2021-2027 EU financial
framework.
Utilization of digital materials as a research resource for historical materials and applied interdisciplinary research for history and archaeology, including the research work and projects of Prof. Sato and Prof. Kikuchi
Authors: Kikuchi Hiroki , Sato Asei
Published: May 2021

The preservation of historical artefacts is an important means of understanding more about the past. Japan is home to thousands of stone inscriptions, many of which are not stored in research institutions of museums, but rather, are scattered across the country in places like roadsides
or graveyards in rural locations. While these inscriptions might well be of interest to local residents, there is a need to increase awareness of their cultural importance. A team led by Hiroki Kikuchi, who is based at The Historiographical Institute within The University of Tokyo in Japan,
is working to create a database which will digitise 2,700 inscription rubbings. The database will be open to the public and will provide a fascinating historical narrative as well as an important research resource.
International comparative study on open innovation from the viewpoint of organisational ability, including research on corporation ambidexterity
Authors: Kita Toshiro
Published: May 2021

When the asset bubble burst in the early 1990s in Japan, a long period of economic stagnation followed. Professor Toshiro Kita, Graduate School of Management, Doshisha University, Japan, believes a lack of understanding of the importance of business ambidexterity contributed to this
difficult period for Japanese firms and that understanding and utilising ambidexterity could have significant benefits for businesses. Kita is interested in innovation management and the ways in which the application of ambidexterity can help businesses. He believes that businesses can thrive
by adopting the Observe, Orient, Decide, Act (OODA) loop alongside the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle and his work also looks at other aspects of innovation management, such as entrepreneurship, disruptive innovation and corporate culture and cognitive bias, as well as innovation management
in the context of COVID-19. This later strand of research involves looking at how ambidexterity can help businesses to thrive in the current challenging climate. A recent important finding for Kita, which emerged from his project 'Study on Ambidextrous Capabilities of Japanese Electronics
Firms' was that firms that were performing well conducted exploration during phases of growth and exploitation during phases of decline and this was the opposite way round for firms performing poorly. This served to highlight how exploration and exploitation can be successfully implemented.
Through hosting workshops and seminars Kita shares his findings and knowledge and he also collaborates with industry groups.
Strengthening Social Resilience through Education for Sustainable Development - Building a Monitoring and Evaluation Framework and Improvement Mechanisms
Authors: Kitamura Yuto
Published: May 2021

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) empowers learners to take informed decisions and responsible actions for environmental integrity, economic viability and a just society, while respecting cultural diversity. Professor Yuto Kitamura, Graduate School of Education, University
of Tokyo, Japan, is investigating how ESD affects the perception, consciousness and attitude of students and teachers. The goal is to develop a common framework and indicators to effectively monitor and assess the impacts of ESD at the school and institution level. Research at the Center for
Advanced School Education and Evidence-based Research (CASEER) entitled 'Strengthening Social Resilience through Education for Sustainable Development-Building a Monitoring and Evaluation Framework and improvement mechanism' is seeking to enhance the quantity and quality of ESD. To do this,
Kitamura and the team are exploring education policies in developing countries, with a focus on Southeast Asia where countries are starting to recognise the importance of ESD but have yet to implement them sufficiently. Therefore, the research of Kitamura and the team can assist with effectively
incorporating ESD into teaching and learning activities. It will also help with monitoring and evaluating the impacts of ESD, which is something with which some countries in Southeast Asia are struggling. The goal of the research is to present a standard model consisting of a set of indicators
and a questionnaire survey that can shed light on the present situation as well as future developments. When being implemented, the model can be modified according to the country and society in question.
Сравнение характеристик тонких пленок PZT на подложках из сапфира и кремния
Authors: Делимова Л.А. , Зайцева Н.В. , Ратников В.В. , Юферев В.С. , Серегин Д.С. , Воротилов К.А. , Сигов А.С.
Published: May 2021

The properties of ferroelectric sol-gel PZT films deposited on a silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) substrate are compared with those of PZT films formed on a Si substrate. The crystalline structure, asymmetry of the hysteresis loops, polarization dependences of the transient current, short-circuit photocurrent, and open-circuit photovoltage, as well as the substrate bending have been studied. The PZT on SOS films are textured in a single (111) direction and exhibit symmetric hysteresis loops with a strong remanent polarization. The PZT films on Si are textured in the main (111) and weaker (100) directions, have weaker polarization, and exhibit an asymmetry of the hysteresis loops, which is reflected in the magnitude of the transient current and photocurrent. It is shown that the sapphire substrate has a convex bending that causes a compressive stress in the film plane, which weakens the effect of the lattice mismatch between PZT and Pt. By contrast, the Si substrate has a concave curvature, which causes the film to stretch. The deformations and mechanical stresses within the films were estimated. For PZT on Si, an estimate of the strain gradient along the (111) axis was obtained, which makes it possible to relate the asymmetry of the hysteresis loops to the flexoelectric polarization, with the flexoelectric coefficient for sol-gel PZT films found to be 0.0154 µC/cm. The results obtained show that the sapphire substrate provides a better quality of thin PZT films.
Фазовый переход сегнетоэлектрика нитрата калия в нанопористой матрице
Authors: Егоров В.М. , Марков Ю.Ф. , Рогинский Е.М. , Стукова Е.В.
Published: May 2021

Калориметрическим методом изучены нанокомпозиционные материалы, представляющие собой силикатные нанопористые матрицы, заполненные KNO3. Обнаруженные аномалии теплоемкости, связанные с сегнетоэлектрическими фазовыми переходами, изучены в рамках теории размытых фазовых переходов. Экстраполяция полученных результатов подтверждает высказанное ранее предположение о том, что существует минимальный размер пор в нанокомпозите, при котором KNO3 при комнатной температуре будет находиться полностью в сегнетоэлектрическом состоянии. Ключевые слова: фазовые переходы, сегнетоэлектрик, нитрат калия, теплоемкость.
Фракто- и фотолюминесценция кварца при разрушении
Authors: Веттегрень В.И. , Кадомцев А.Г. , Щербаков И.П. , Мамалимов Р.И.
Published: May 2021

The fractoluminescence (FL) spectra at the destruction of the quartz surface by "micro-cutting" of diamond micro crystals and impact on its surface with a steel striker and photoluminescence (PL) spectra after "micro-cutting" are obtained. Band of 2.12 eV in the FL spectra was attributed to excited Si-O● radicals. FL consist from a set of signals whose duration was ≈ 50 ns, and their intensity varies by an order of magnitude. The time interval between the signals varies from ≈ 0.1 to several µs. Signals generated at impact contain five, and at "micro-cutting" contain four superimposed maxima. It is assumed that the FL signals appear when the barriers that prevent the movement of dislocations along the sliding planes breaks, and the smallest "primary" cracks are formatted. The rate constants of growth the cracks and fading of FL after the cracks stops are determined. The average size of the "primary" cracks surfaces after impact is ≈ 5 nm2, and after "micro-cutting" is ≈ 25 nm2. In the PL spectra after the fracture, a band of 2.4 eV was observed, which is attributed to non excited ≡Si-O- radicals on the cracks surface after their stop.
Исследование фотофизических свойств нанокомпозита HgI-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-@mSiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Старухин А.Н. , Нельсон Д.К. , Курдюков Д.А. , Еуров Д.А.
Published: May 2021

The luminescent properties of a composite consisting of mesoporous silica and mercury diiodide nanoparticles formed in silica nanopores have been investigated. The formation of nanoparticles was carried out by evaporation of a HgI2 solution introduced into the SiO2 nanopores. It was found that photoluminescence of the HgI2@mSiO2 composite was due to emission of mercury diiodide, with the emission spectrum being significantly shifted towards shorter wavelengths with respect to the emission spectrum of bulk HgI2 crystals. The shift of the HgI2 emission spectrum to the short-wavelength side is explained by quantum-size effects in the electronic spectra of HgI2 nanoparticles included in the composite. The significant width of the spectrum is explained by its inhomogeneous broadening due to the dependence of the band gap of the nanodots on their size d. The shape of the size distribution function of HgI2 nanodots was estimated and it was shown that it was characterized by a rather narrow maximum at dM = 2.2 nm, which is 2/3 of the diameter of the nanopores in the SiO2 matrix (~3 nm).
Ячеистый беспорядок наноглобул желатина
Authors: Новиков Д.В.
Published: May 2021

The surface topology of thin polymer films obtained on glass from micellar solutions of gelatin samples in a mixture of isooctane – water – (bis-2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) with a variation in the average molecular weight M of the polymer and a constant molar ratio [H2O]/[AOT] = 40, has been studied using electron microscopy. It is shown that solutions with an initial gelatin concentration corresponding to the gelation threshold form films with a characteristic structure: polymer nanoglobuls are located in the cells of the physical network of macromolecules-the internal percolation cluster of particles. At the same time, with a decrease in M, the average size of the globules decreases and the degree of their polydisperity increases. The same changes are observed for network cells in which local density – density correlations weaken. The ratio of average cell sizes to nanoglobuls is independent of M due to the universal fractal cluster structure of the films.
The Impact of COVID-19 Vaccine Communication, Acceptance, and Practices (CO-VIN-CAP) on Vaccine Hesitancy in an Indian Setting: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Surapaneni Krishna Mohan , Kaur Mahima , Kaur Ritika , Grover Ashoo , Joshi Ashish
Published: May 2021

Background

COVID-19 vaccines are considered to be a key to limiting and eliminating the infectious disease. However, the success of the vaccination program will rely on the rates of vaccine acceptance among the population.

Objective

This study aims to examine the factors that influence vaccine hesitancy and vaccine acceptance, and to explore the unintended consequences of COVID-19 infections. The study will further explore the association between sociodemographic characteristics; health status; COVID-19–related knowledge, attitude, and practices; and its influence on vaccine hesitancy and acceptance among individuals living in urban and rural settings of Chennai, Tamil Nadu in the southern state of India.

Methods

A cross-sectional study will be conducted between January 2021 and January 2023. A sample of approximately 25,000 individuals will be recruited and enrolled using a nonprobability complete enumeration sampling method from 11 selected urban and rural settings of Chennai. The data will be collected at one time point by administering the questionnaire to the eligible study participants. The collected data will be used to assess the rates of vaccine acceptance; hesitancy; and knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines. Lastly, the study questionnaire will be used to assess the unintended consequences of COVID-19 infection.

Results

A pilot of 2500 individuals has been conducted to pretest the survey questionnaire. The data collection was initiated on March 1, 2021, and the initial results are planned for publication by June 2021. Descriptive analysis of the gathered data will be performed using SAS v9.1, and reporting of the results will be done at 95% CIs and P=.049. The study will help explore the burden of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among individuals living in urban and rural settings of Chennai. Further, it will help to examine the variables that influence vaccine acceptance and hesitancy. Lastly, the findings will help to design and develop a user-centered informatics platform that can deliver multimedia-driven health education modules tailored to facilitate vaccine uptake in varied settings.

Conclusions

The proposed study will help in understanding the rate and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among the population of Chennai. The findings of the study would further facilitate the development of a multifaceted intervention to enhance vaccine acceptance among the population.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/29733
Utilization of the iOS Shortcuts App to Generate a Surgical Logbook Tool: Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Thompson Daniel
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Surgical audit is an essential aspect of modern reflective surgical practice and is key to improving surgical outcomes. The surgical logbook is an important method of data collection for both personal and unit audits; however, current electronic data collection tools, especially mobile apps, lack the minimum recommended data fields.

OBJECTIVE

This feasibility study details the creation of a free, effective surgical logbook tool with the iOS Shortcuts app and investigates the time investment required to maintain a surgical logbook with this tool. In addition, we investigate the potential utility of the Shortcuts app in creating medical data collection tools.

METHODS

Using the iOS Shortcuts app, we created a shortcut “Operation Note,” which collects surgical logbook data by using the minimum and extended audit data sets recommended by the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. We practically assessed the feasibility of the tool, assessing the time requirement for entry, accuracy, and completeness of the entered data.

RESULTS

The shortcut collected accurate and useful data for a surgical audit. Data entry took on average 65 seconds per case for the minimum data set, and 135 seconds per case for the extended data set, with a mean difference of 68 seconds (P<.001; 95% CI 61.6-77.7).

CONCLUSIONS

This feasibility study demonstrates the utility of the iOS Shortcuts app in the creation of a surgical logbook and the time-consuming nature of data collection for surgical audit. Our iOS Operation Note shortcut is a free, rapid, and customizable alternative to currently available logbook apps and offers surgical trainees and consultants a method for recording surgical operations, complications, and demographic data.