bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Entropy Alloys Enable Durable and Efficient Lithium‐Mediated CO2 Redox Reactions
Authors: Sun Liang , Yuwono Jodie A. , Zhang Shilin , Chen Biao , Li Guanjie , Jin Huanyu , Johannessen Bernt , Mao Jianfeng , Zhang Chaofeng , Zubair Muhammad , Bedford Nicholas , Guo Zaiping
Published: April 2024

Designing electrocatalysts with high activity and durability for multistep reduction and oxidation reactions is challenging. High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) are intriguing due to their tunable geometric and electronic structure through entropy effects. However, understanding the origin of their exceptional performance and identifying active centers is hindered by the diverse microenvironment in HEAs. Herein, NiFeCoCuRu HEAs designed with an average diameter of 2.17 nm, featuring different adsorption capacities for various reactants and intermediates in Li‐mediated CO2 redox reactions, are introduced. The electronegativity‐dependent nature of NiFeCoCuRu HEAs induces significant charge redistribution, shifting the d‐band center closer to Fermi level and forming highly active clusters of Ru, Co, and Ni for Li‐based compounds adsorptions. This lowers energy barriers and simultaneously stabilizes *LiCO2 and LiCO3+CO intermediates, enhancing the efficiency of both CO2 reduction and Li2CO3 decomposition over extended periods. This work provides insights into specific active site interactions with intermediates, highlighting the potential of HEAs as promising catalysts for intricate CO2 redox reactions.
Experimental Demonstration of Reservoir Computing with Self‐Assembled Percolating Networks of Nanoparticles
Authors: Mallinson Joshua B. , Steel Jamie K. , Heywood Zachary E. , Studholme Sofie J. , Bones Philip J. , Brown Simon A.
Published: April 2024

The complex self‐assembled network of neurons and synapses that comprises the biological brain enables natural information processing with remarkable efficiency. Percolating networks of nanoparticles (PNNs) are complex self‐assembled nanoscale systems that have been shown to possess many promising brain‐like attributes and which are therefore appealing systems for neuromorphic computation. Here experiments are performed that show that PNNs can be utilized as physical reservoirs within a nanoelectronic reservoir computing framework and demonstrate successful computation for several benchmark tasks (chaotic time series prediction, nonlinear transformation, and memory capacity). For each task, relevant literature results are compiled and it is shown that the performance of the PNNs compares favorably to that previously reported from nanoelectronic reservoirs. It is then demonstrated experimentally that PNNs can be used for spoken digit recognition with state‐of‐the‐art accuracy. Finally, a parallel reservoir architecture is emulated, which increases the dimensionality and richness of the reservoir outputs and results in further improvements in performance across all tasks.
Engineering Ultrathin Alloy Shell in Au@AuPd Core‐Shell Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmon‐Driven Photocatalysis
Authors: Kang Eunbi , Seo Jinho , Park Hyewon , Wrasman Cody J. , Shin Jae Won , Jo Min‐kyun , Cargnello Matteo , Park Jeong Young , Lee Hyosun
Published: April 2024

Bimetallic core‐shell nanoparticles (NPs) possessing a synergetic coupling of plasmonic and catalytic metals have emerged as promising prototypes for efficient plasmon‐driven photocatalysis. Here, Au@AuPd core‐shell NPs composed of Au core NP and ultrathin AuPd shell are introduced to acquire improved light utilization efficiency in photocatalytic selective oxidation. With systematical control of the composition of the ultrathin alloy shell, it reveals that the Au@AuPd core‐shell NPs with 10 at% Pd (in the single‐atom alloy regime) is an effective nanostructure capable of maximizing the quantum yield of plasmon‐induced light absorption and optimizing the surface electronic structure for catalytic reactions. This controlled system provides new insights into shell engineering for enhancing photocatalytic performance via the regulation of energy funneling processes in core‐shell nanocatalysts.
Advancing SERS Diagnostics in COVID‐19 with Rapid, Accurate, and Label‐Free Viral Load Monitoring in Clinical Specimens via SFNet Enhancement
Authors: Yang Yanjun , Li Hao , Jones Les , Murray Jackelyn , Naikare Hemant , Mosley Yung‐Yi C. , Spikes Teddy , Hülck Sebastian , Tripp Ralph A. , Ai Bin , Zhao Yiping
Published: April 2024

This study presents an integrated approach combining surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with a specialized deep learning algorithm, SFNet, to offer a rapid, accurate, and label‐free alternative for COVID‐19 diagnosis and viral load quantification. The SiO2‐coated silver nanorod arrays are employed as the SERS substrates, fabricated using a reliable and effective glancing angle deposition technique. A dataset of 4800 SERS spectra from 120 positive and 120 negative inactivated clinical human nasopharyngeal swabs are collected directly on the SERS substrates without any labels. A SFNet algorithm is tailored to adapt to the unique spectral features inherent to SERS data, achieving a test accuracy of 98.5% and a blind test accuracy of 99.04%. Moreover, an optimized SFNet algorithm unveils the capability of estimating SARS‐CoV‐2 viral loads, accurately predicting the cycle threshold values (Ct values) of the three vital gene fragments with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.627 (1.3 for blind test). The methodology is substantiated using actual clinical specimens and completed in <15 min, thereby strengthening its real‐world point‐of‐care applicability. This rapid and precise yet label‐free modality competes favorably with classical reverse‐transcription real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and marks an advancement in SERS‐based sensor algorithms.
Boosting Aluminum Storage in Highly Stable Covalent Organic Frameworks with Abundant Accessible Carbonyl Groups
Authors: Peng Xiyue , Baktash Ardeshir , Alghamdi Norah , Rana Md Masud , Huang Yongxin , Hu Xinyue , He Cailing , Luo Zhiruo , Ning Jing , Wang Lianzhou , Luo Bin
Published: April 2024

Aluminum batteries employing organic electrode materials present an appealing avenue for sustainable and large‐scale energy storage. Nevertheless, conventional organic materials encounter limitations due to their restricted active sites, known instability, and sluggish redox kinetics. In this study, a redox‐active covalent organic framework supported by CNT is reported, enriched with substantial C═O groups, as an advanced cathode material for Al‐organic batteries. Theoretical simulation and ex situ analysis unveil the pivotal roles of C═O groups in effectively storing AlCl2+. As a result, Al batteries with the organic cathode exhibit a specific capacity of 290 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and outstanding rate performance. Furthermore, it retains a reversible capacity of 170 mAh g−1 even after 32 000 cycles at 10 A g−1 and attains an energy density of 389 Wh kg−1. The remarkable performance stems not only from the abundant C═O and C─N groups enabling the storage of multiple AlCl2+ by the favorable pseudocapacitive process, but also from the synergistic interplay between the robust COF network and the conductive CNT channels that significantly enhances structural stability and accelerates ion/electron diffusion. This work stands to inspire further research in the pursuit of stable organic cathodes, fostering designs with plentiful accessible redox‐active sites to boost energy storage capabilities.
Sustainable biomedical microfibers from natural products
Authors: Guo Jiahui , Cao Xinyue , Luo Zhiqiang , Zhu Yujuan , Zhao Yuanjin , Gu Xiaosong
Published: April 2024

Microfibers from natural products are endowed with remarkable biocompatibility, biodegradability, sustainable utilization as well as environmental protection characteristics etc. Benefitting from these advantages, microfibers have demonstrated their prominent values in biomedical applications. This review comprehensively summarizes the relevant research progress of sustainable microfibers from natural products and their biomedical applications. To begin, common natural elements are introduced for the microfiber fabrication. After that, the focus is on the specific fabrication technology and process. Subsequently, biomedical applications of sustainable microfibers are discussed in detail. Last but not least, the main challenges during the development process are summarized, followed by a vision for future development opportunities.
Botany and geogenomics: Constraining geological hypotheses in the neotropics with large‐scale genetic data derived from plants
Authors: Bedoya Ana M.
Published: April 2024

Decades of empirical research have revealed how the geological history of our planet shaped plant evolution by establishing well‐known patterns (e.g., how mountain uplift resulted in high rates of diversification and replicate radiations in montane plant taxa). This follows a traditional approach where botanical data are interpreted in light of geological events. In this synthesis, I instead describe how by integrating natural history, phylogenetics, and population genetics, botanical research can be applied alongside geology and paleontology to inform our understanding of past geological and climatic processes. This conceptual shift aligns with the goals of the emerging field of geogenomics. In the neotropics, plant geogenomics is a powerful tool for the reciprocal exploration of two long standing questions in biology and geology: how the dynamic landscape of the region came to be and how it shaped the evolution of the richest flora. Current challenges that are specific to analytical approaches for plant geogenomics are discussed. I describe the scale at which various geological questions can be addressed from biological data and what makes some groups of plants excellent model systems for geogenomics research. Although plant geogenomics is discussed with reference to the neotropics, the recommendations given here for approaches to plant geogenomics can and should be expanded to exploring long‐standing questions on how the earth evolved with the use of plant DNA.
Compensated Hypogonadism Identified in Males with Cluster Headache: A Prospective Case‐Controlled Study
Authors: Petersen Anja S. , Kristensen David M. , Westgate Connar S. J. , Folkmann‐Hansen Thomas , Lund Nunu , Barloese Mads , Søborg Marie‐Louise K. , Snoer Agneta , Johannsen Trine H. , Frederiksen Hanne , Juul Anders , Jensen Rigmor H.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Androgens have been hypothesized to be involved in the pathophysiology of cluster headache due to the male predominance, but whether androgens are altered in patients with cluster headache remains unclear.

Methods

We performed a prospective, case‐controlled study in adult males with cluster headache. Sera were measured for hormones including testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and sex hormone‐binding globulin in 60 participants with episodic cluster headache (during a bout and in remission), 60 participants with chronic cluster headache, and 60 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Free testosterone (fT) was calculated according to the Vermeulen equation. Shared genetic risk variants were assessed between cluster headache and testosterone concentrations.

Results

The mean fT/LH ratio was reduced by 35% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21%–47%, p < 0.0001) in patients with chronic cluster headache and by 24% (95% CI: 9%–37%, p = 0.004) in patients with episodic cluster headache compared to controls after adjusting for age, sleep duration, and use of acute medication. Androgen concentrations did not differ between bouts and remissions. Furthermore, a shared genetic risk allele, rs112572874 (located in the intron of the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene on chromosome 17), between fT and cluster headache was identified.

Interpretation

Our results demonstrate that the male endocrine system is altered in patients with cluster headache to a state of compensated hypogonadism, and this is not an epiphenomenon associated with sleep or the use of acute medication. Together with the identified shared genetic risk allele, this may suggest a pathophysiological link between cluster headache and fT. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:1149–1161
In Silico Screening and Experimental Verification of Near‐Infrared‐Emissive Two‐Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Hattori Izumi , Hagai Masaya , Ito Masato , Sakai Mika , Narita Hiroki , Fujimoto Kazuhiro J. , Yanai Takeshi , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: April 2024

Embedding two boron atoms into a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) leads to the formation of a neutral analogue that is isoelectronic to the corresponding dicationic PAH skeleton, which can significantly alter its electronic structure. Based on this concept, we explore herein the identification of near‐infrared (NIR)‐emissive PAHs with the aid of an in silico screening method. Using perylene as the PAH scaffold, we embedded two boron atoms and fused two thiophene rings to it. Based on this design concept, all possible structures (ca. 2500 entities) were generated using a comprehensive structure generator. Time‐dependent DFT calculations were conducted on all these structures, and promising candidates were extracted based on the vertical excitation energy, transition dipole moment, and atomization energy per bond. One of the extracted dithieno‐diboraperylene candidates was synthesized and indeed exhibited emission at 724 nm with a quantum yield of 0.40 in toluene, demonstrating the validity of this screening method. This modification was further applied to other PAHs, and a series of thienobora‐modified PAHs was synthesized.
Water soluble Zinc(II) complexes: Geometrical, thermal, DNA/HSA/BSA binding, and cytotoxicity studies
Authors: Jayasri Boddula , Shekhar Banoth , P.V. Anantha Lakshmi
Published: April 2024

The ternary complexes of the zinc(II), [Zn(met)(gly)(Cl)2] (1), and [Zn(met)(hist)(Cl)2] (2) are synthesized and illustrated utilizing spectroscopic and analytical measurements, and the geometry of the complexes has been identified to be octahedral. The Coats Red fern approach was employed to enumerate the thermodynamic and kinetic variables for both the Zn(II) complexes' decomposition. The quantum chemical variables were estimated utilizing the molecular orbital conformations' energy distribution, which was derived from optimal geometric shapes to test the stabilization of both complexes. DNA‐binding investigations by UV–Vis absorption, fluorescence, and viscosity were all exploited to examine the bonding properties between Zn(II) complexes and ct‐DNA, and a groove mode of bonding was established. The interactions between complexes and BSA/HSA were investigated by employing absorption and emission spectroscopic methods. The results demonstrate that complexes have a powerful ability to diminish BSA and HSA luminescence intensity, and overall associating mode is predominantly a static quenching process.

The cytotoxic effect of the two Zn(II) complexes was additionally examined in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231) cell lines by employing the MTT technique. The IC50 values for every cell line were derived. Each of the two complexes was functional in both cell lines.
Unveiling the dual functionality of dimeric Cu(I)/(II) crystal as luminescence and electrochemical probe for Zn2+ and glucose detection—Structural, sensing and molecular docking studies
Authors: Shanjitha Shanmugasundaram , Premnath Dhanaraj , Suvarnna Kumaresan , Kirubavathy Suyambulingam Jone
Published: April 2024

A new crystalline dinuclear Cu(I)/(II) complex (E.F: C32H28Cu2N6O14) (1) of terephthalic acid (TERE) and 1, 10‐Phenathroline (PHEN) was synthesized under one‐pot approach. Structure identification of the complex was carried out using the single crystal XRD technique, which revealed the penta coordination nature of Cu(I)/(II) in a square pyramidal environment. Further, the structural data was supported by employing other spectroscopic studies (UV, ESR, FT‐IR). In addition, the thermal stability and morphology of the complex were elucidated using TGA and SEM‐EDAX analysis. Photoluminescence experiments revealed the capability of 1 to act as a “turn‐off” sensor towards Zn2+ sensing. This luminescence quenching of 1 exhibited a threefold quenching in intensity by achieving a static quenching process corresponding to a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.7 μM. Further, considering the electroactive nature of Cu(I)/(II) complex, the cyclic voltammetric experiments were performed to study its competence to act as a modifier of GCE for the detection of glucose and its excellent potency to act as an effective electroactive material in the detection of glucose solutions. Also, molecular docking of 1 with human bovine serum (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated to prove their ability to act as pharmacological agents.
Cover Image, Volume 141, Issue 18
Authors: Naqi Ahmad , Bischoff Derek J. , Mackay Michael
Published: April 2024

The cover designed by Kelly Walker shows the use of maleic anhydride (MAH) interfacial grafting improves the compatibility of 3D printed dual material specimens containing high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS). Using a custom‐made die affording the core‐shell structure, the ABS‐g‐MAH is shown to improve the impact resistance by 253% and 16% compared to neat HDPE and ABS specimens, respectively. Additionally, a 10% increase compared to the unmodified ABS‐HDPE core‐shell configuration is observed. DOI: 10.1002/app.55301

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Outcomes of Patients With Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis Eligible for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Treated With Conventional Therapy
Authors: Gregory Kate , Hansen Dylan , Penglase Ross , Apostolopoulos Diane , Ngian Gene‐Siew , Stevens Wendy , Morrisroe Kathleen , Ferdowsi Nava , Ross Laura , Walker Jennifer , Cooley Helen , Youssef Peter , Tymms Kathleen , Host Lauren , Proudman Susanna , Moore John , Nikpour Mandana , Sahhar Joanne
Published: April 2024

Objective

The study objective was to determine the event‐free survival (EFS) of Australian patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) who met eligibility criteria for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in previously published randomized controlled trials but were not treated with ASCT.

Methods

Patients who met inclusion criteria for the Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation International Scleroderma (ASTIS) and Scleroderma: Cyclophosphamide Or Transplantation (SCOT) trials were identified from the multicenter Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study (ASCS). EFS (survival without cardiac, renal, or pulmonary failure or death) at 4 years was assessed. ASCS patients who had already undergone transplantation were excluded from analysis.

Results

Of the 492 patients with dcSSc in the ASCS, 56 met ASTIS inclusion criteria for ASCT (56 of 492 [11.4%]) and 30 met SCOT inclusion criteria (30 of 492 [6.1%]). An additional 11 patients met ASTIS or SCOT inclusion criteria, but they were excluded due to severe organ manifestations. EFS at 4 years in ASCS patients meeting ASTIS inclusion criteria was 83.3% and in ASCS patients meeting SCOT inclusion criteria was 81.2%. EFS at 4 years in ASCS patients who met ASTIS and SCOT inclusion but also exclusion criteria was 46.7% and 45.7%, respectively.

Conclusion

ASCS patients meeting ASTIS and/or SCOT inclusion criteria who were not treated with ASCT have similar EFS at 4 years as patients receiving ASCT and better EFS than those receiving cyclophosphamide in the ASTIS and SCOT trials. This may reflect confounders unable to be controlled for, including survivor bias, but may also reflect improved standard of care for dcSSc over time.
Laser Capture Microscopy RNA Sequencing for Topological Mapping of Synovial Pathology During Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Van Espen Benjamin , Prideaux E. Barton , Wilson Andrew R. , Machado Camilla R. L. , Sendo Sho , Parker James , Seumois Grégory , Sacchetti Cristiano , Belongia Anna C. , Perumal Narayanan B. , Vijayanand Pandurangan , Linnik Matthew D. , Benschop Robert J. , Wang Wei , Bottini Nunzio , Firestein Gary S. , Stanford Stephanie M.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which the joint lining or synovium becomes highly inflamed and majorly contributes to disease progression. Understanding pathogenic processes in RA synovium is critical for identifying therapeutic targets. We performed laser capture microscopy (LCM) followed by RNA sequencing (LCM‐RNAseq) to study regional transcriptomes throughout RA synovium.

Methods

Synovial lining, sublining, and vessel samples were captured by LCM from seven patients with RA and seven patients with osteoarthritis (OA). RNAseq was performed on RNA extracted from captured tissue. Principal component analysis was performed on the sample set by disease state. Differential expression analysis was performed between disease states based on log2 fold change and q value parameters. Pathway analysis was performed using the Reactome Pathway Database on differentially expressed genes among disease states. Significantly enriched pathways in each synovial region were selected based on the false discovery rate.

Results

RA and OA transcriptomes were distinguishable by principal component analysis. Pairwise comparisons of synovial lining, sublining, and vessel samples between RA and OA revealed substantial differences in transcriptional patterns throughout the synovium. Hierarchical clustering of pathways based on significance revealed a pattern of association between biologic function and synovial topology. Analysis of pathways uniquely enriched in each region revealed distinct phenotypic abnormalities. As examples, RA lining samples were marked by anomalous immune cell signaling, RA sublining samples were marked by aberrant cell cycle, and RA vessel samples were marked by alterations in heme scavenging.

Conclusion

LCM‐RNAseq confirms reported transcriptional differences between the RA synovium and the OA synovium and provides evidence supporting a relationship between synovial topology and molecular anomalies in RA.
Evaluation of lipophilicity and drug‐likeness of donepezil‐like compounds using reversed‐phase thin‐layer chromatography
Authors: Šegan Sandra , Krunić Mihajlo J. , Andrić Deana B. , Šukalović Vladimir B. , Penjišević Jelena Z. , Jevtić Ivana I.
Published: April 2024

Fourteen donepezil‐like acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors from our library were analyzed using reversed‐phase thin‐layer chromatography to assess their lipophilicity and blood–brain barrier permeability. Compounds possessed N‐benzylpiperidine and N,N‐diarylpiperazine moieties connected via a short carboxamide or amine linker. Retention parameters RM0, b, and C0 were considered as the measures of lipophilicity. Besides, logD of the investigated compounds was determined chromatographically using standard compounds with known logPow and logD values at pH 11. Experimentally obtained lipophilicity parameters correlated well with in silico generated results, and the effect of the nature of the linker between two pharmacophores and substituents on the arylpiperazine part of the molecule was observed. As a result of drug‐likeness analysis, both Lipinski's rule of five and Veber's rule parameters were determined, suggesting that examined compounds could be potential candidates for further drug development. Principal component analysis was performed to obtain an insight into a grouping of compounds based on calculated structural descriptors, experimentally obtained values of lipophilicity, and AChE inhibitory activity.
Manifestations, social impact, and decay of conceptual beliefs: A cultural perspective
Authors: Seitz Rüdiger J. , Paloutzian Raymond F. , Angel Hans‐Ferdinand
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Believing comprises multifaceted processes that integrate information from the outside world through meaning‐making processes with personal relevance.

Methods

Qualitative Review of the current literature in social cognitive neuroscience.

Results

Although believing develops rapidly outside an individual's conscious awareness, it results in the formation of beliefs that are stored in memory and play an important role in determining an individual's behavior. Primal beliefs reflect an individual's experience of objects and events, whereas conceptual beliefs are based on narratives that are held in social groups. Conceptual beliefs can be about autobiographical, political, religious, and other aspects of life and may be encouraged by participation in group rituals. We hypothesize that assertions of future gains and rewards that transcend but are inherent in these codices provide incentives to follow the norms and rules of social groups.

Conclusion

The power of conceptual beliefs to provide cultural orientation is likely to fade when circumstances and evidence make it clear that what was asserted no longer applies.
Policy stimulation for the electric vehicle industry: An analysis of mainstream media discourse
Authors: Jain Monika , Talwar Shalini , Rastogi Rashmi , Kaur Puneet , Dhir Amandeep
Published: April 2024

Motivated by the indisputable relevance of comprehensively understanding and portraying multiple facets of ongoing conversations on electric vehicles (EVs), we employ critical discourse analysis (CDA) to go beyond the how and why of these discussions and fathom the complex interplays and subtleties. Operationally, we inductively analyze 718 popular media articles published from 2020 through 2023 to distill four cumulative dimensions of the discourse on EVs: industry‐level enabling cues for EV adoption, economy‐level motivations and motivators, impediments to diffusion, and harbingers of change. These four dimensions are further unpacked into 16 themes to provide a more granular interpretation of media discourse on EVs. We provide an exhaustive perspective, navigating several macro and micro aspects to offer tangible theoretical and practical outcomes. In addition to creating a comprehensive point of reference for future research, the study offers substantial inputs for driving the policy agenda in terms of subsidies, start‐ups, and buy‐side barriers.
CD133 ligand‐enhanced etoposide‐liposome complex for targeted killing of lung cancer cells
Authors: Nie Shiwei , Zhou Junzheng , Zheng Xiaodong , Wei Xudong , Zhang Jinrui , Shen Xiaojuan , Zhang Weimin
Published: April 2024

Lung cancer has a high incidence rate and a low cure rate, hence the urgent need for effective treatment methods. Current lung cancer drugs have several drawbacks, including low specificity, poor targeting, drug resistance, and irreversible damage to normal tissues. Therefore, there is a need to develop a safe and effective new drug that can target and kill tumor cells. In this study, we combined nanotechnology and biotechnology to develop a CD133 ligand‐modified etoposide‐liposome complex (Lipo@ETP‐CD133) for targeted therapy of lung cancer. The CD133 ligand targeted lung cancer stem cells, causing the composite material to aggregate at the tumor site, where high levels of ETP liposomes could exert a strong tumor‐killing effect. Our research results demonstrated that this nano‐drug had efficient targeting and tumor‐killing effects, indicating its potential for clinical application.
TA2Viewer: A web‐based browser for Terminologia Anatomica and online anatomical knowledge
Authors: Halle Michael W. , Kikinis Ron , Neumann Paul E.
Published: April 2024

TA2Viewer is an open‐access, web‐based application and database for browsing anatomical terms and associated medical information on a computer or mobile device (https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/). It incorporates the official digital version of the second edition of Terminologia Anatomica (TA2) as published by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT), and adopted by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) and other associations. It provides a dynamic and interactive view of the Latin and English nomenclatures. The organizational hierarchy of the terminology can be navigated by using a scrollable, expandable, and collapsible structured listing. Interactive search includes the official TA2 terms, synonyms, and related terms. TA2Viewer also uses TA2 term information to provide convenient access to other online resources, including Google web and image searches, PubMed, and Radiopaedia. Using cross‐references from Wikidata, which were provided by the Wikipedia community, TA2Viewer offers links to Wikipedia, UBERON, UMLS, FMA, MeSH, NeuroNames, the public domain 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy, and other data sources. In addition, it can optionally use unofficial synonyms from Wikidata to provide multilingual term searches in hundreds of languages. By leveraging TA2, TA2Viewer provides free access to a curated anatomical nomenclature and serves as an index of online anatomical knowledge.
A real‐world retrospective–prospective analysis of efficacy and safety of combined ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: The northern Italy experience
Authors: Furlan Anna , Cea Michele , Pavan Laura , Galli Monica , Clissa Cristina , Mangiacavalli Silvia , Cafro Anna Maria , Girlanda Stefania , Patriarca Francesca , Minotto Claudia , Bertoldero Giovanni , Barilà Gregorio , Pascarella Anna , Lico Albana , Paolini Rossella , Rabassi Nicholas , Pescosta Norbert , Porrazzo Marika , De Sabbata Giovanni , Pompa Alessandra , Bega Giulia , Cavallin Stefania , Guidotti Francesca , Marcatti Magda , Rupolo Maurizio , Belotti Angelo , Gherlinzoni Filippo , Zambello Renato
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (IRd) have been approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) based on the results of the TOURMALINE‐MM1.

Objectives and Methods

We conducted a retrospective–prospective analysis of 106 RRMM patients (pts) treated with IRd in 21 centers in Northern Italy, with the aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IRd in real life.

Results

At IRd initiation, 34% of pts were aged ≥75 (median 72.5), 8.5% had an ECOG performance status ≥2, 54.7% of evaluable pts carried high‐risk cytogenetic abnormalities [del17p and/or t(4;14) and/or t(14;16) and/or 1 g gain/amp], 60.2% had received ≥2 prior lines of therapy (pLoT), 57.5% were lenalidomide (Len)‐exposed (including both Len‐sensitive and Len‐refractory pts), and 22% were Len‐refractory. Main G ≥3 adverse events (AEs) were thrombocytopenia (16%) and neutropenia (12.3%). G ≥3 non‐hematologic AEs included infections (9.4%) and GI toxicity (diarrhea 5.7%, hepatotoxicity 2.8%), VTE, skin rash, and peripheral neuropathy were mainly G1‐2. The overall response rate was 56.4% (≥VGPR 30%). With a median follow‐up of 38 m, median PFS (mPFS) was 16 m and the 1‐year OS rate was 73%. By subgroup analysis, an extended PFS was observed for pts achieving ≥VGPR (mPFS 21.2 m), time from diagnosis to IRd ≥5 years (26.2 m), 1 pLoT (34.4 m), Len‐naïve (NR), age ≥70 (20 m). In pts exposed to Len, non‐refractory in any prior line and immediately prior to IRd, mPFS was 16 and 18 m, respectively. An inferior PFS was seen in Len‐refractory pts (4.6 m). By multivariate analysis, independent predictors of PFS were age ≥70 (HR 0.6), time from diagnosis ≥5 years (HR 0.32), refractoriness to Len in any prior line (HR 3.33), and immediately prior (HR 4.31).

Conclusion

IRd might be effective and safe in RRMM pts with an indolent disease, in early lines of treatment, and who proved Len‐sensitive, independent of age, and cytogenetic risk.
Gendered capital in psychotherapy: A thematic analysis of patients' experiences of the therapists' gender
Authors: Schweitzer Erwin , Schaffler Yvonne , Jesser Andrea , Probst Thomas , Humer Elke , Schigl Brigitte
Published: April 2024

Background

The impact of therapists' and patients' gender on therapy processes and outcomes remains a subject of intense debate in psychotherapy research.

Aims

This article explores the role of gender in psychotherapy from the patients' perspective.

Method

By conducting semi‐structured interviews with 20 patients undergoing individual psychotherapy in private practices in Austria, the influence of the therapist's gender was investigated. The data collected were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis.

Findings

The authors adopted a Bourdieusian feminist perspective to interpret the results, revealing that patients perceived female psychotherapists as possessing unique resources not found in male therapists. These resources encompassed knowledge, skills, traits perceived as ‘female’, and shared body and life experiences. Referred to as ‘female gender capital’, these resources influenced the preferences of most female and one male patient, leading them to favour female psychotherapists.

Conclusion

Given the strong perceptions and preferences around gender observed in this study, gender identity and gendered practices should be critically reflected on by individual therapists as well as in psychotherapy training programmes.
Exploration of Some Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Trifluoromethylpyridine Scaffold as Insecticides Toward Aphis gossypii Insects
Authors: Gad Mohamed A. , Bakry Moustafa M. S. , Tolba Eman F. M. , Alkhaibari Abeer M. , Mashlawi Abadi M. , Thabet Marwa A. , Al‐Taifi Elham A. , Bakhite Etify A.
Published: April 2024

Five types of heterocyclic compounds containing trifloromethylpyridine scaffold namely; 3‐cyano‐2‐(N‐phenyl)carbamoylmethylthio‐6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4‐trifluoromethyl‐pyridine (6a), thieno[2,3‐b]pyridines 3–5 and 7a–c, pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐d] pyrimidines 8–13 and 15a–c, pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐d][1,2,3]triazines 16a,b, and 9‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐7‐(trifluoromethyl) pyrido [3′,2′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidine (14) were synthesized in excellent yields and very pure state. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by elemental and spectral analyses. Most of the synthesized compounds were evaluated as insecticidal agents toward Aphis gossypii insects and promising results obtained. Among all tested compounds, only 6, 7a, 7c and 15c being the most potent compounds against nymphs and adults of Aphis gossypii and their activities are nearly to that of acetamiprid as a reference. The effect of 6a compounds 7a, 7c and 15c on the Aphis digestive system from histological point of view was also included.
Epidermoid cyst of the testis: A report of three cases
Authors: Usui Kimitsugu , Yamashita Ryo , Sakura Yuma , Nakamura Masafumi , Shinsaka Hideo , Matsuzaki Masato , Niwakawa Masashi
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Testicular epidermoid cysts have characteristic findings. Testicular tumor markers are negative in patients with epidermoid cysts. Clear margins and sole and small testicular tumors (20 mm or less) suggest the possibility of epidermoid cyst. Testicular‐sparing surgery with intraoperative frozen section examination should be performed when suspecting epidermoid cysts. Testicular epidermoid cysts are rare tumors that account for 1% of all testicular tumors and are often clinically misdiagnosed as malignant lesions. We report three cases of epidermoid cysts. The chief manifestations were scrotal induration in two patients and pruritus scrotum in one. The median age of the patients was 23 years (18–30). All tumors were determined to be sole lesions (<20 mm in diameter). Testing for tumor markers in all patients revealed negative results. We could not rule out malignancy; hence, we performed high inguinal orchiectomy in all cases. Histologically, the inner walls of the cysts were lined with stratified squamous epithelium; their contents were keratinized. All patients were diagnosed with epidermoid cysts.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis presenting as hemorrhagic pleuro‐pericardial effusions with pericardial mass
Authors: Abdelghani Mohammad S. , Chapra Ammar , Al‐Qudah Bara , Bishawi Ahmed , Shebani Ahmed , Obeidat Ibrahim , Habib Mhd Baraa
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Tuberculosis (TB) pericarditis, while uncommon, should be considered in patients with pericardial masses and effusion. Timely recognition and treatment with anti‐TB medications are crucial for a successful outcome.

TB pericarditis presenting as a pericardial mass is an unusual and rare manifestation of this disease. We report a 59‐year‐old South Asian male who presented with a 1‐week history of dyspnea and cough. He was found to have a hemorrhagic pericardial mass with a massive pericardial effusion. Pleural fluid analysis was positive for TB. The patient was successfully treated with anti‐TB medications. Although rare, tuberculous pericardial involvement should be suspected in patients presenting with symptoms of pericardial masses and effusion.
Adult colorectal intussusception caused by giant lipoma—A case report
Authors: Heng Vouchly , Oh Suk‐Kyu , Leng Hour , Chhun Vireak , Lee Young Don
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Adult intussusception commonly has a leading point. In the colon, malignancy is a prevalent etiology for the leading point; however, benign tumors should also be considered. We present a case of colorectal intussusception caused by a giant lipoma.

Intussusception in adults is comparatively infrequent in contrast to children, and in adult colonic intussusception, malignancy is the predominant cause of the leading point. Lipoma, an uncommon tumor in the gastrointestinal tract, rarely induces colonic intussusception in adults. We present the case of a 55‐year‐old Cambodian man experiencing cramping abdominal pain. He presented with mild abdominal distension with tenderness in the lower abdomen. On the rectal examination a large palpable mass was detected three to four centimeters from the anal verge. Abdominal computerized tomography revealed a collapsed sigmoid colon with mesenteric fat invaginated into the lumen of the upper rectum. Emergency laparotomy was performed and during the surgery the sigmoid intussusception spontaneously reduced. A mass was identified in the mid‐sigmoid colon, leading to the decision for segmental resection of the sigmoid colon with the mass and subsequent end‐to‐end anastomosis. Histological examination results confirmed the mass as a lipoma. Colorectal intussusception in adults due to a lipoma is a relatively rare, with only a few reported cases in the literature.
NiFe Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Is There an Optimal Thickness for Generating a Dynamically Stable Active Interface?
Authors: Ciambriello Luca , Alessandri Ivano , Gavioli Luca , Vassalini Irene
Published: April 2024

Here we investigated the dynamics of OER activity of NiFe (90/10) catalysts over 1000 potential sweep cycles as a function of their mass loading. Over twenty different films with mass loading in the 10 ng/cm2–30 μg/cm2 range were deposited by Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition (SCBD), allowing to study the progress of OER in sub‐monolayer, monolayer and multilayer regimes. Upon prolonged potential sweeps the electrocatalytic performances of multilayers decreased, while those of monolayers were significantly improved. The best balance in terms of catalytic efficiency and stability in working conditions is found for mass loadings corresponding to a NiFe monolayer, corresponding to a mass loading around 1 μg/cm2 and a thickness of about 3 nm.
Fluid Flow Study in a 3D‐Printed Heterogeneous Porous Medium Filled with Carbonate Rock Particles
Authors: Sapucaia da Silva Junior Elivaldo , Fontana Eliton , de Lima Luz Junior Luiz Fernando
Published: April 2024

A significant aspect of fluid flow in a porous medium is its properties' variation which affects velocity and pressure fields. This work evaluates fluid flow in a 3D‐printed porous medium structure filled with rocky particles. The experimental data were used to propose a pressure drop model and evaluate the accuracy of a pseudohomogeneous approximation. A porous medium with permeability of 8.95 × 10−10 m2 was used in both experiments and simulations. Parameters for the model were estimated and compared to the simulation results. The deviation between experimental and simulated pressure drop across the bed was within 6.00 % for laminar flow regimes, while for transition flow regimes more significant deviations were observed.
On the Impact of Non‐CHO Elements on Fuel Properties in Waste Incineration
Authors: Förtsch Dieter
Published: April 2024

Incineration is and will remain a proven technology for the safe and sustainable destruction of environmentally hazardous substances. The behavior of non‐CHO elements during combustion plays an important role in the design of incinerators for hazardous waste since they drive the selection and design of the process sequence and of the single equipment. This contribution presents an overview on impacts of the presence of non‐CHO compounds in waste incinerators and provides correlations to estimate the product distribution of sulfur‐ and halogen‐containing compounds as well as for the important fuel properties oxygen demand and heat of combustion of material containing non‐CHO elements.
Multi‐Scale Simulation of a Novel Integrated Reactor for Hydrogen Production by Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Blauth Sebastian , Damay Julie , Osterroth Sebastian , Leithäuser Christian , Hofmann Christian , Kolb Gunther , Wichert Martin , Steiner Konrad , Bortz Michael
Published: April 2024

A novel reactor concept for ammonia decomposition utilizing tail gas from a purification unit as heat supply is presented. The designed micro‐structured reactor integrates both endothermic ammonia decomposition and exothermic tail gas combustion. The reactor and corresponding process are simulated using a mathematical multi‐scale model, which combines the results of multiple detailed computational fluid dynamics simulations into a fast surrogate model. The latter is coupled with a process simulation software via a so‐called container to simulate the entire process. The efficiency of the presented reactor concept is determined and benefits over alternative approaches are highlighted.
Comparison of the Prediction of the Temperature Profile in an Ohmic Reactor on Different Modeling Scales
Authors: Geitner Christian , Iliev Oleg , Matschuk Kimberley , Menne Andreas , Nakos Philippos , Osterroth Sebastian , Peters Martin , Steiner Konrad , Zausch Jochen
Published: April 2024

To predict the temperature profile in an ohmic reactor, it is essential to know the thermal and electrical conductivity of the reactor geometry. Those properties can be considered on different modeling scales: On the detailed (resolved) scale, the reactor consists of a packed bed structure, where the properties of each substance are considered. On the effective (continuum) scale, the packed bed is considered as effective medium with composite properties. In this contribution, we consider both scales and compare the results. Based on the detailed description with a resolved microstructure, the bed's effective thermal and electrical conductivity are computed. These properties are compared with analytical formulas. The electrical conductivity is the basis for the electrical field and the current density. Finally, these properties are used to evaluate the ohmic heating of the packed bed exposed to flow and to compute the temperature distribution within the reactor.
Prediabetes and major adverse cardiac events after acute coronary syndrome: An overestimated concept
Authors: Behnoush Amir Hossein , Maleki Saba , Arzhangzadeh Alireza , Khalaji Amirmohammad , Pezeshki Parmida Sadat , Vaziri Zahra , Esmaeili Zahra , Ebrahimi Pouya , Ashraf Haleh , Masoudkabir Farzad , Vasheghani‐Farahani Ali , Hosseini Kaveh , Mehrani Mehdi , Hernandez Adrian V.
Published: April 2024

Background

Unlike diabetes, the effect of prediabetes on outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not much investigated. We investigated the association between fasting glycemic status and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients with ACS undergoing PCI and had mid to long‐term follow‐up after coronary stenting.

Methods

Registry‐based retrospective cohort study included ACS patients who underwent PCI at the Tehran Heart Center from 2015 to 2021 with a median follow‐up of 378 days. Patients were allocated into normoglycemic, prediabetic, and diabetic groups. The primary and secondary outcomes were MACCE and its components, respectively. Unadjusted and adjusted Cox models were used to evaluate the association between glycemic status and outcomes.

Results

Among 13 682 patients, 3151 (23%) were prediabetic, and 5834 (42.6%) were diabetic. MACCE risk was significantly higher for diabetic versus normoglycemic (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.41), but nonsignificantly higher for prediabetic versus normoglycemic (aHR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.78–1.10). All‐cause mortality risk was significantly higher in diabetic versus normoglycemic (aHR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.08–1.86), but nonsignificantly higher for prediabetic versus normoglycemic (aHR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.84–1.59). Among other components of MACCE, only coronary artery bypass grafting was significantly higher in diabetic patients, and not prediabetic, compared with normoglycemic.

Conclusions

Prediabetic ACS patients undergoing PCI, unlike diabetics, are not at increased risk of MACCE and all‐cause mortality. While prediabetic patients could be regarded as having the same risk as nondiabetics, careful consideration to provide more intensive pre‐ and post‐PCI care in diabetic patients is mandatory.
On the utilization of the adjoint method in microwave tomography
Authors: Soydan Damla Alptekin , Top Can Barış , Gençer Nevzat G.
Published: April 2024

In microwave imaging, the adjoint method is widely used for the efficient calculation of the update direction, which is then used to update the unknown model parameter. However, the utilization and the formulation of the adjoint method differ significantly depending on the imaging scenario and the applied optimization algorithm. Because of the problem‐specific nature of the adjoint formulations, the dissimilarities between the adjoint calculations may be overlooked. Here, we have classified the adjoint method formulations into two groups: the direct and indirect methods. The direct method involves calculating the derivative of the cost function, whereas, in the indirect method, the derivative of the predicted data is calculated. In this review, the direct and indirect adjoint methods are presented, compared, and discussed. The formulations are explicitly derived using the two‐dimensional wave equation in frequency and time domains. Finite‐difference time‐domain simulations are conducted to show the different uses of the adjoint methods for both single source‐multiple receiver, and multiple transceiver scenarios. This study demonstrated that an appropriate adjoint method selection is significant to achieve improved computational efficiency for the applied optimization algorithm.