bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beryllium-Induced Hypersensitivity: Genetic Susceptibility and Neoantigen Generation
Authors: Fontenot Andrew P. , Falta Michael T. , Kappler John W. , Dai Shaodong , McKee Amy S.
Published: December 2015

Chronic beryllium (Be) disease is a granulomatous lung disorder that results from Be exposure in a genetically susceptible host. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of Be-responsive CD4+ T cells in the lung, and genetic susceptibility is primarily linked to HLA-DPB1 alleles possessing a glutamic acid at position 69 of the β-chain. Recent structural analysis of a Be-specific TCR interacting with a Be-loaded HLA-DP2–peptide complex revealed that Be is coordinated by amino acid residues derived from the HLA-DP2 β-chain and peptide and showed that the TCR does not directly interact with the Be2+ cation. Rather, the TCR recognizes a modified HLA-DP2–peptide complex with charge and conformational changes. Collectively, these findings provide a structural basis for the development of this occupational lung disease through the ability of Be to induce posttranslational modifications in preexisting HLA-DP2–peptide complexes, resulting in the creation of neoantigens.
Field performance of an agricultural tractor fitted with rubber tracks on a low trafficable soil
Authors: Molari Giovanni , Mattetti Michele , Walker Matthew
Published: December 2015

The introduction of rubber tracks on tractors has allowed more engine power per unit weight than with steel-tracked tractors, together with a reduction in soil compaction and higher on-road speeds. Recently, triangular rubber tracks able to be adapted on conventional wheeled tractors have been introduced. In this context, the goal of the paper is to evaluate the performance of a tractor with four triangular rubber tracks with respect to those of a wheeled tractor; the comparative tests consist of ploughing under on low trafficable and workable soil. The results obtained have shown a higher tractive efficiency, lower soil compaction and up to 20% lower specific fuel consumption for the fully tracked tractor. These results are in accordance with previous tests conducted with the triangular rubber tracks on highly trafficable soil, although in the present case, the dynamic traction ratio is markedly lower due to the low trafficable soil. The use of triangular rubber tracks is therefore justified on low trafficable soils and more in general on different soil conditions, since the soil is less compacted by such traction device.
Energy consumption and analysis of industrial drying plants for fresh pasta process
Authors: Brunetti Lucio , Giametta Ferruccio , Catalano Pasquale , Villani Francesco , Fioralba Jonathan , Fucci Flavio , La Fianza Giovanna
Published: December 2015

The article presents results concerning the energy needs and the CO2 emissions resulting from the production process of a small factory (located in Molise region) producing fresh pasta. Two production processes are responsible for the most of energy demand. The pasteurisation and the drying processes are responsible for the 50% of the electricity consumption and the whole thermal energy. Therefore innovative solutions have been studied in order to limit the energy requirements and the CO2 emissions. Such solutions take into account the adoption of high-efficiency motors and heat recovery in the main processes.
Narrative Processes Coding System: A Dialectical Constructivist Approach to Assessing Client Change Processes in Emotion-Focused Therapy of Depression
Authors: Angus Lynne , Lewin Jennifer , Boritz Tali , Bryntwick Emily , Carpenter Naomi , Watson-Gaze James , Greenberg Les
Published: December 2015

Drawing on a Dialectical Constructivist model of therapeutic change, this paper addresses the fundamental contributions of client narrative disclosure, emotional differentiation and reflexive meaning-making processes in emotion-focused treatments of depression. An overview of the multi-methodological steps undertaken to empirically investigate the contributions of client storytelling, emotional differentiation, and meaning-making processes, using the Narrative Processes Coding System (NPCS; Angus et al., 1999) are provided, followed by a summary of key research findings that informed the development of a narrative-informed approach to emotion-focused therapy of depression (Angus & Greenberg, 2011). Finally, therapy practice implications for the adoption of a research-informed approach to working with narrative and emotion processes in emotion-focused therapy are described and future research directions discussed.
Measuring Attachment and Reflective Functioning in Early Adolescence:An Introduction to the Friends and Family Interview
Authors: Kriss Alexander , Steele Howard , Steele Miriam
Published: December 2015

Internal working models (IWMs; Bowlby, 1969/1982) develop before language and are, initially at least, pre-symbolic, nonverbal notions. With reflective functioning (RF; Fonagy, Steele, Steele, Moran, & Higgitt, 1991) we have the possibility to refashion IWMs based on language, but linguistic skills only develop between 18-24 months, and then steadily over time. Reliable instruments are available to assess these constructs in infancy and adulthood: The Strange Situation observational measure (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978) reveals the infantâ€™s IWMs of his caregivers, while the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; Main, Hesse, & Goldwyn, 2008; George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985) exposes the adult speakerâ€™s capacity for RF. This paper addresses the middle ground of early adolescent children who are not yet mature enough to respond to a full AAI, but are too old to expect that an observational attachment measure would reveal much about their inner thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about attachment. We outline an interview protocol designed for 9 to 16-year old children, asking about self, friends, teachers, and family, with the aim of elucidating both IWMs, regarding earlier experience, and the extent of RF concerning past and present experiences. The protocol is the Friends and Family Interview (FFI; Steele & Steele, 2005), which has a mul-tidimensional scoring system to be elaborated with verbatim examples of response from both low-risk community samples, and higher-risk samples of youth.
The Creative Journey of Grounded Theory Analysis: A Guide to its Principles and Applications
Authors: Dourdouma Anna , Mörtl Kathrin
Published: December 2015

Grounded theory analysis is a method widely used by qualitative researchers. This method interprets empirical materials to formulate a theory about a particular social phenomenon. In this article, we describe the steps of grounded theory method, which comprises open coding of the material followed by the grouping of open codes into categories that are increasingly abstracted to capture the essential meaning of the phenomenon. This depiction is offered as a set of explicit guidelines for researchers interested in the method.
From Life-Threatening Experiences to Ideas of Rescue: Coping with â€œTrajectories of Sufferingâ€ in Adult Acute Leukaemia Survivors
Authors: Heine Viktoria , Schultze Fritz , Koehler Michael , Frommer Joerg
Published: December 2015

We investigated the illness records and life stories of 17 leukaemia survivors using narrative autobiographical interviews. Audio tapes were transcribed and analysed according to qualitative methodology. Using the sociological concept of â€œtrajectory of sufferingâ€ (TOS) as a means of analysis we focused on the survivorsâ€™ mechanisms of psychosocial adaptation including integration of disease-related experiences as part of their autobiographical narration. Verbal data show how the diagnosis pulls affected people out of their everyday life from healthy, strong and with plans for the future to seriously ill, weak and facing death, and thus suspends their self-confidence and social action competence. Analysing the interview transcripts we found six categories of coping with TOS: (1) personal meaningful nourishments, (2) challenging experience with significant others, (3), courage to persevere, (4) family support, (5) dramatic family events, and (6) dreams. The results of our study demonstrate that the cancer is still a dark shadow over the lives of all survivors. They are discussed in the context of coping theory postulating creativity as an up to now underestimated resource of coping behaviour. As a consequence it seems to be vital that medical staff should recognize and discuss these individual needs and feelings of their patients in daily clinical practice.
When Therapists Do Not Know What to Do: Informal Types of Eclecticism in Psychotherapy
Authors: Romaioli Diego , Faccio Elena
Published: December 2015

Eclecticism usually arises from the perception of oneâ€™s own theoretical model as being inadequate, which may be the case in situations of therapeutic stalemate. In need of new strategies, therapists criticize their own approach and take eclectic knowledge onboard. The goal of this qualitative study is to explore basic elements of this informal knowledge, with reference to the theory of social representations and points of view. Episodic interviews were conducted with 40 therapists. Results confirmed that clinical knowledge often turns eclectic, showing different styles of reorganization; a so-cial co-evolution model will be pointed out to explain this personalization of oneâ€™s own approach. The results achieved might contribute to the amelioration of the therapeutic awareness of oneâ€™s own knowledge structure and the use of eclecticism in carrying out therapies, leading to significant benefit in treatment effectiveness.
The Competing Influences of Initial Depressive Symptomatology and Early Alliance on Early Outcome: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Alberti Giorgio Gabriele , Martorano Anna , Martorano Bruno
Published: December 2015

We examined 40 psychotherapies, some delivered in combination with pharma-cotherapy, which were all conducted by cognitive behavioral or psychodynamically oriented therapists in a general hospital center for the treatment of light to moder-ate depressive disorders. Our goal was to examine the relationship between early outcome (defined as change in Beck Depression Inventory scores between sessions 2 and 15) and early therapy alliance (as measured at sessions 1 to 5 by the Working Alliance Inventory). We also wanted to concurrently examine the effect of initial depressive symptomatology (BDI at session 2) on early outcome. For the entire sample, both early alliance and initial depressive symptomatology were found to significantly correlate with outcome, the latter more strongly so. However, after di-viding the patient sample into subgroups based on different initial levels of depres-sion, early outcome for patients with depression of intermediate severity was found to be better predicted by early alliance than by initial depression. These results sug-gest that there may be a patient subgroup for whom a good early alliance optimally mitigates the self-perpetuating action of initial depression.
Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy: A Treatment Overview and Empirical Basis
Authors: Abbass Allan , Town Joel M. , Driessen Ellen
Published: December 2015

Based on over forty years of videotaped case-based research, Habib Davanloo of McGill University, Canada, discovered some of the core ingredients that can enable direct and rapid access to the unconscious in resistant3 patients, patients with func-tional disorders, and patients with fragile character structure. We will describe here some of the main research findings that culminated in his description of a central therapeutic process involved in the intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) model. We will also describe the evolution of the technique over the past thirty years and summarize the empirical base for Davanlooâ€™s ISTDP.
The Referential Process as a Common Factor Across Treatment Modalities
Authors: Bucci Wilma
Published: December 2015

The paper emphasizes the need for a process component in psychotherapy re-search, and the need for a theoretical framework within which process measures may be designed and validated. The referential process, defined in the context of multiple code theory, provides a general psychological framework for understand-ing the mechanisms of therapeutic change in different treatment modalities. The referential process includes three major phases: arousal/activation; narra-tive/symbolizing and reorganizing/reflection. The paper reviews the theoretical roots of psychodynamic treatments, and several forms of cognitive behavioral treatments, including schema therapy for borderline personality disorder and expo-sure treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder, and shows how the phases of the referential process provide common mechanisms of change in each of these ap-proaches. Computerized measures of the referential process, in English and Italian versions, which have been applied and validated in clinical and experimental studies, are discussed.
Clinical Efficacy and Therapeutic Alliance in a Time-Limited Group Therapy for Young Adults
Authors: Lenzo Vittorio , Gargano Maria Teresa , Mucciardi Massimo , Lo Verso Girolamo , Quattropani Maria C.
Published: December 2015

This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of a time limited psychodynamic therapy for a group of young adult patients in terms of outcome and process. The results register a favourable outcome concerning not only the gravity of patients' initial symp-toms but also the structural personality changes and attachment style. In an exploratory perspective this study investigated the connection between the outcome of the tre-atment and therapeutic alliance measured by CALPAS-G in three different time intervals of therapy. A correlational analysis highlighted a strong connection between the Patient Commitment scale assessed at the beginning and the final outcome of the therapy. Work-ing Strategy Consensus and Group Understanding and Involvement assessed in the middle of the therapy course, show significant correlations with the final outcome of therapy.
Group climate, cohesion and curative climate. A study on the common factors in group process and their relation with members attachment dimensions
Authors: Gullo Salvatore , Lo Coco Gianluca , Di Fratello Carla , Giannone Francesca , Mannino Giuseppe , Burlingame Gary
Published: December 2015

This study examined the relationships among group process measured by the Group Climate Questionnaire, the Cohesion to the Therapist Scale and Cohesion to the Group Scale, and the Curative Climate Instrument to explore higher order factors that explained the group relationship, in a sample of 91 female university students attending 6 interpersonal growth groups. Furthermore, the study examined how group memberâ€™s attachment dimensions, anxiety and avoidance, were associated to his/her perception of group relationship. We found that a three-factor model consisting ofÂ  positive bond, positive work, and negative relationship, approached conventional standards of model fit. Moreover, the results of the study also supported a model with three latent second-order constructs (bond, work, and negative relationship) and two structural perspectives as first-order factors (member-group and member-leader). Contrary to the hypothesis, the theoretical model on the associations between individualâ€™s attachment dimensions and group process did not fit well to the data. The results of the current study further supported the cross-cultural validation of a model with both quality and structure dimensions of group relationship. Implications for group process research are discussed.
Uncovering key biblical principle in handling disputable music matters in missio Dei perspective – a basic theoretical study
Authors: Buys P.J. , Muswubi Aaron T.
Published: December 2015

This article investigates key biblical principles in handling disputable music matters from Romans 14:1–15:13 and their implications for a missional church. It becomes clear that the principles uncovered in this biblical passage are synecdochically and analogically applicable to many varied disputable matters, which could confront the church anywhere at any given time. These matters include disputes on worship music and songs. The multicultural context in which the church find herself in cities, continues to pose a challenge to individual Christians and the church as a body. Hence, it exposes both Christians and the church to more and more inevitable need for clear biblical principles in handling disputable matters including liturgical music wars. The goal of this article is not only to reduce time and energy used in arguing over disputable matters, but also to turn the disagreements into redeeming encounters, which will strengthen the missional witness of the church by enriching diversity in unity.Die ontsluiting van bybelse sleutelbeginsels vir die hantering van strydvrae oor liturgiesemusiek vanuit ’n missio Dei perspektief – ’n basiese teoriese studie. Hierdie artikel ondersoekbybelse sleutelbeginsels vir die hantering van strydvrae oor liturgiese sang en musiek vanuit Romeine 14:1–15:13 en die implikasies daarvan vir ’n missionale kerk. Die beginsels wat vanuit hierdie Skrifgedeelte ontsluit word, kan sinvol toegepas word op ’n verskeidenheid van sake wat nie-essensieel van aard is, maar waaroor daar oral en altyd skerp standpuntverskille in kerke voorkom. Dit sluit debatte oor musiek en sang in die erediens in. Die multikulturele konteks waarin kerke hulle bevind vra na duidelike beginsels wat as uitgangspunte in debatte oor liturgiese musiek kan dien. Die doel van hierdie artikel is nie net om baie tyd en energie wat dikwels aan sulke debatte bestee word, te verminder nie, maar ook om strydvrae om te keer in positiewe opbouende en verrykende ontmoetings, en die kerk se missionale getuienis oor eenheid en verskeidenheid te versterk.
Cervical facet dislocation adjacent to the fused motion segment
Authors: Yokoyama Kunio , Kawanishi Masahiro , Yamada Makoto , Tanaka Hidekazu , Ito Yutaka , Kuroiwa Toshihiko
Published: December 2015

This study reports on a case that forces re-examination of merits and demerits of anterior cervical fusion. A 79-year-old male was brought to the emergency room (ER) of our hospital after he fell and struck the occipital region of his head following excessive alcohol consumption. Four years prior, he had undergone anterior cervical discectomy and fusion of C5/6 and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed 3 years after this surgery indicated that he was suffering from degeneration of C6/7 intervertebral discs. After arriving at the ER, he presented motor impairment at level C7 and lower of manual muscle testing grade 1 as well as moderate loss of physical sensation from the trunk and peripheries of both upper limbs to the peripheries of both lower limbs (Frankel B). Cervical computed tomography (CT) indicated anterior dislocation of C6/7, and MRI indicated severe spinal cord edema. We performed manipulative reduction of C6/7 with the patient under general anesthesia. Next, we performed laminectomy on C5-T1 and posterior fusion on C6/7. Postoperative CT indicated that cervical alignment had improved, and MRI indicated that the spinal cord edema observed prior to surgery had been mitigated. Three months after surgery, motor function and sensory impairment of the lower limbs had improved, and the patient was ambulatory upon discharge from the hospital (Frankel D). In the present case, although C5 and 6 were rigidly fused, degeneration of the C6/7 intervertebral disc occurred and stability was compromised. As a result, even slight trauma placed a severe dynamic burden on the facet joint of C6/7, which led to dislocation.
Post-hoc principal component analysis on a largely illiterate elderly population from North-west India to identify important elements of mini-mental state examination
Authors: Raina Sunil Kumar , Chander Vishav , Raina Sujeet , Grover Ashoo
Published: December 2015

Background: Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale measures cognition using specific elements that can be isolated, defined, and subsequently measured. This study was conducted with the aim to analyze the factorial structure of MMSE in a largely, illiterate, elderly population in India and to reduce the number of variables to a few meaningful and interpretable combinations. Methodology: Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed post-hoc on the data generated by a research project conducted to estimate the prevalence of dementia in four geographically defined habitations in Himachal Pradesh state of India. Results: Questions on orientation and registration account for high percentage of cumulative variance in comparison to other questions. Discussion: The PCA conducted on the data derived from a largely, illiterate population reveals that the most important components to consider for the estimation of cognitive impairment in illiterate Indian population are temporal orientation, spatial orientation, and immediate memory.
Impact on cognitive functions following gamma knife radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Raghunath A. , Bennett Niranjana , Arimappamagan Arivazhagan , Bhat Dhananjaya I. , Srinivas Dwarakanath , Thennarasu K. , Jamuna R. , Somanna Sampath
Published: December 2015

Background: Radiosurgery is an alternative to surgical resection of arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Very few studies have addressed the concern of radiation injury to the brain and its attendant adverse effects on cognitive function. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included all patients who underwent gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) at our institute for cerebral AVM between 2006 and December 2008 (n = 34). All patients underwent neuropsychological evaluation before the procedure. Neuropsychological evaluation was repeated in eighteen patients 2 years following GKRS. Clinical outcome, AVM obliteration, and factors influencing outcome were analyzed in these eighteen patients. Results: Before GKRS, more than 50% had significant impairment of neuropsychological functions compared to normal population norms. 66.6% achieved the excellent radiosurgical outcome. At 2 years follow-up, patients showed varied improvement in neuropsychological function in various categories. Pretherapeutic median value for percentage perseverative responses was 26.5 and at follow-up, it reduced to 18.2 (P = 0.039). Set shifting improved in 11 patients (61.1%), remained same in 5 patients (27.7%), and deteriorated in two patients (11.1%). Patients with a higher Spetzler-Martin grade AVM demonstrated a significantly more favorable shift in follow-up test values for set shifting function (P = 0.021). Patients with postradiation imaging changes had lesser tendency to improve in neuropsychological performance at follow-up. Conclusions: GKRS has no clinically harmful effect on cognitive and neuropsychological functioning in patients with brain AVM. On the contrary, there is an improvement in majority of patients at 2 years following radiosurgery when nidus is obliterated.
The dilemma of complicated shunt valves: How to identify patients with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus after aneurysmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage who will benefit from a simple valve?
Authors: von der Brelie Christian , Meier Ullrich , Gräwe Alexander , Lemcke Johannes
Published: December 2015

Background: Sophisticated shunt valves provide the possibility of pressure adjustment and antisiphon control but have a higher probability of valve dysfunction especially in a posthemorrhagic setting. The aim of the present study is to analyze the clinical outcome of patients with shunt dependent posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus after aneurysmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in order to identify patients who would benefit from a simple differential pressure valve. Methods: From 2000 to 2013, 547 patients with aneurysmatic SAH were treated at our institution, 114 underwent ventricular shunt placement (21.1%). 47 patients with available pre- and post-operative computed tomography scans, and an available follow-up of minimum 6 months were included. In order to measure the survival time which a nonprogrammable differential pressure valve would have had in an individual patient we defined the initial equalized shunt survival time (IESS). IESS is the time until surgical revisions of fixed differential pressure or flow-regulated valves for the treatment of over- or under-drainage as well as re-programming of adjustable valves due to over- or under-drainage. Results: Twenty patients were treated with fixed differential pressure valves, 15 patients were treated with flow-regulated valves, and 12 underwent ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement with differential pressure valves assisted by a gravitational unit. Patients who reacted with remarkable changes of the ventricular width after the insertion of external ventricular drainage (EVD), before shunt placement, showed a significantly longer IESS. Conclusions: Decline of the ventricular width after EVD placement was a predictor for successful VP shunt therapy in the later course of disease. Possibly, this could allow identifying patients who benefit from a simple differential pressure valve or a flow-regulated valve, and thus could possibly avoid valve-associated complications of a programmable valve in the later course of disease.
19th to early 20th century geology lectures in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Miller Randy F. , Buhay Diane N.
Published: December 2015

Saint John, New Brunswick, has a long history of popularization of geology dating back to lectures presented in the 1820s. The first lecture series that included geology and presented to a public audience in 1824 was followed by almost a century of public engagement and presentation of geology topics to a relatively small city of 20 000 to 30 000 people. Lectures were often very general about the science of geology, specific as to the nature of minerals and mining in New Brunswick, and leading edge concerning the first discoveries of significant fossils in the Province. Even though it was a relatively small community, Saint John had an abundance of knowledgeable people, and institutions for presentation and discussion at the Saint John Mechanics’ Institute and the Natural History Society of New Brunswick.
О новой дискретизации комплексного анализа
Authors: Dynnikov Ivan Alekseevich
Published: December 2015

В работе развивается подход к дискретизации комплексного анализа, предложенный С. П. Новиковым и автором в 2003 г. В этом подходе дискретные аналитические функции являются вещественнозначными. В данной работе показано, что для большого класса таких функций на решетке канонически определяется оператор умножения на мнимую единицу. Рассматриваются случаи произвольных решеток для треугольной дискретизации и ромбических решеток - для четырехугольной.
Библиография: 24 названия.
Солитоноподобные структуры на поверхности раздела вода-лед
Authors: Il'ichev Andrej Teimurazovich
Published: December 2015

В статье демонстрируется доказательство существования солитоноподобных решений полной системы уравнений, описывающей распространение волн в жидкости конечной глубины под ледяным покровом, отвечающих семействам уединенных волн разной природы на поверхности раздела вода-лед. Рассматривается плоскопараллельное движение в слое идеальной несжимаемой жидкости конечной глубины, характеристики которого удовлетворяют полной системе 2D-уравнений Эйлера. Ледяной покров моделируется упругой пластиной Кирхгофа-Лява и имеет значительную толщину, так что инерция пластины учитывается при формулировке модели. В уравнениях Эйлера присутствует дополнительное давление от упругой пластины, свободно плавающей на поверхности жидкости. Упомянутые семейства уединенных волн параметризованы скоростью распространения волны, и их существование доказано для скоростей, находящихся в окрестности критического значения скорости, отвечающего состоянию покоя. Уединенные волны, в свою очередь, ответвляются от состояния покоя и находятся в некоторой его окрестности. Иными словами, доказано существование уединенных волн достаточно малой амплитуды на поверхности раздела вода-лед. Доказательство проводится при помощи проекции искомой системы уравнений на центральное многообразие и дальнейшего анализа конечномерной приведенной динамической системы на центральном многообразии.
Библиография: 84 названия.
Effect of malunited fractured distal end of radius on the morphometric parameters of distal radioulnar joint
Authors: Rehman F. , Ajmal M.
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Malunion is the most frequent complication of fracture distal radius. Fracture malunion has been shown to associate with altered morphometric anatomy of distal radioulnar joint. Objective: This study aims to identify normal radiographic morphometry reference values and variations according to age and sex of distal radioulnar joint. This study was also carried out to determine the radiological correlation between normal and malunited distal radius in patient with unilateral malunited fracture to find out the effect of malunited fractured distal end of radius on the morphometric parameters of distal radioulnar joint. Materials and Methods: After twelve weeks of injury x-ray of injured wrist was compared with the radiograph of the contra lateral normal wrist for the difference in radial length, radial inclination, ulnar variance and palmar tilt. Results: Results of this study showed that there were signiicant difference in distal radius parameters between genders for both groups except for the difference in palmer tilt i.e. since value of P< 0.0001 so there is significant difference between two group 1% level of significant suggesting that with 99% confidence, there is significant difference between mean of normal male and female right wrist parameters of both age group except for palmer tilt. Similarly there were variations in all parameter measurements for those x-ray films showing severe malunion and signiicant differences were noted for all parameters distal radius between normal and malunited wrist in both age groups i.e. since value of P< 0.0001 so there is significant difference between two group 1% level of signiicant suggesting that with 99% conidence, there is signiicant difference for all parameters between mean of normal and malunion group. Conclusion: These results can be used in treatment of the malunited distal radius for correction of deformity at the wrist and achieving the best possible anatomical reduction in the young active patient and at minimizing the intervention in the low demand elderly patient with multiple comorbidities. These data also can be used for clinical research in the designing of wrist implants.
Unilateral incomplete bifid ureter: a case report
Authors: Kumar V. , Remya V.
Published: December 2015

Introduction: There are many congenital anomalies of ureter has been described in various literatures. This kind of anomaly is takes special importance because they remain asymptomatic or clinically present as pyelonephritis or urinary lithiasis. Even information of this kind of variation is very useful for radiological diagnosis. Case Report: We have observed a right sided incomplete bifid ureter during dissection done for under graduates in our institution. The renal pelvis and ureter up to the pelvic brim was double and they were fused at the level of pelvic brim to form a single ureter. It finally opens into left lateral angle of the base of the urinary bladder by a single opening. Discussion: Normally ureter is a long tubular structure measuring 25 -30 cm extending from renal pelvis to base of the urinary bladder, having thick muscular wall and a narrow lumen. Developmental variations like early splitting of ureteral bud can lead to such kind of anomaly. The incidence of bifid ureter is 0.5-3.0%. Thus early diagnosis of such asymptomatic conditions will prevent future complications and aid successful treatment.
PPAR γ agonist pioglitazone partially reverses hyperglycemia but improves semen quality and testicular histomorphometrics in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Akinola O. , Sanusi S. , Ajayi T. , Olajide T.
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Chronic hyperglycaemia is associated with subfertility and infertility in male diabetic subjects, possible as a result of perturbed testicular antioxidant defence system. Recent evidence however shows that some testicular cells produce insulin and this raises the possibility of a role for this hormone in spermatogenesis. Moreover, isoforms of the nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) have been detected in testicular tissue, suggesting a role for insulin sensitization in testicular function. Materials and Methods: In this study, we report the ameliorative effects of the PPAR γ agonist pioglitazone on testicular morphologic aberrations and impaired semen profile induced by diabetes in rats treated with intraperitoneal alloxan (150 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were randomly assigned to receive oral pioglitazone at 10 or 30 mg/kg once daily for 6 weeks. Weekly blood glucose measurement using the glucometer showed weak effect of pioglitazone on hyperglycaemia in our model. Results: Nonetheless, findings from caudal epididymal sperm analysis showed significantly high sperm density in the pioglitazone-treated rats at the two doses tested (P < 0.05 compared with diabetic controls). Moreover, pioglitazone at 10 mg/kg improved sperm motility and lowered the percentages of deformed and dead sperm cells in the treated diabetic rats. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections of the testes showed signiicantly reduced seminiferous tubule diameter and lumen size, as well as diminished height of the germinal epithelium in the untreated diabetic rats, but not in rats on pioglitazone intervention. Furthermore, Gordon and Sweet section of the testes showed thickened interstitial compartment only in the untreated diabetic group. Meanwhile, interstitial cells of Leydig appeared undisturbed in testicular sections of all the groups, while intratesticular testosterone levels measured by the enzyme immunoassay technique were not significantly different between the treated and control rats (P > 0.05). These findings show that increased sensitization of testicular cells to insulin signalling mediated by the PPAR γ agonist pioglitazone restores testicular histomorphometry and improves semen quality in diabetic rats, despite the weak effect of this drug on blood glucose. Conclusion: This suggests a role for insulin sensitizers and improved insulin signalling in the amelioration of testicular lesions and regulation of spermatogenesis in the diabetic state; and lends support for insulin at promoting testicular functions.
A morphometric study of ductus arteriosus and its implications for implant of occlusive devices
Authors: Leao S. , Queiroz A. , Souto M. , Almeida R. , Maciel D. , Rodrigues T.
Published: December 2015

Introduction: The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel which connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch. This binding occurs opposite to the origin of left subclavian artery. The pulmonary trunk is an artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. Objective: Make a morphometric study on the aorta and pulmonary artery beyond ductus arteriosus in a population of individuals between 9-26 weeks of gestation, constituting a database that can assist interventional surgeons for closure of the ductus arteriosus. Methods: It was measured weight, vertex-rump, vertex-heel lengths, head and chest circumferences, and anatomical measures concerning the ductus arteriosus of 44 human fetuses with gestational ages ranging from nine to 26 weeks. Inferential analysis was performed by Student's t test and Pearson's correlation (R) and the significance level was 0.05. Results: It was observed that, among the 44 fetuses, 22.72% had gestational age between nine and 14 weeks; 61.36% had between 15-20 weeks; and 15.90% had between 21-26 weeks of gestation. Regards morphological parameters, there are significant statistical differences for some parameters, such as diameter of the aorta+ pulmonary trunk (p < 0.0001); diameter of the aorta (p: 0.01); diameter of the pulmonary trunk (p: 0.007); diameter of the ductus base at the aorta (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: It is known that the earlier the correction of patent ductus arteriosus, increased patient survival. Therefore, it is necessary to develop instruments that allow the approach in extremely preterm infants with improved modes of treatment.
Effects of an aerobic training and training cessation on skeletal muscle ultrastructure in domestic dogs
Authors: Gerth N. , Ruoss C. , Jakob K. , Dobenecker B. , Reese S. , Starck J.
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Microbiopsies of the M.adductor magnus, which is an important locomotor muscle were taken to study the effects of six weeks of moderate aerobic treadmill training and their reversibility after a training pause of nine weeks in a group of seven Foxhound-Boxer-Ingelheim Labrador crossbreds. Materials and Methods: To study changes of myofibre morphometry standard morphometric methods were applied using light and transmission electron micrographs. Results: The capillary density was higher in trained condition than in untrained condition and after the end of training. In contrast, the capillaries per iber as well as the capillary-to-iber ratio, the distance between neighboring capillaries and the capillary supply area showed no significant change. Smaller myofibre diameters were found in muscles of dogs in trained condition when compared to the untrained condition but not when compared to myofibres nine weeks after the end of training. Training led to increases in the volume fraction of mitochondria within myofibres and an increase of the surface density of cristae within the mitochondria. The ratio of the surface density to the volume fraction of the mitochondria increased in response to training. Except for the decrease in myofibre diameter, all of the reported changes were reversible and measurements nine weeks after cessation of training did not differ from measurements before training started. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the ability of dogs to rapidly and flexibly adjust locomotor muscles to changing exercise regimes by up-and down regulation of the number and inner structure of the mitochondria while the capillary network remains stable.
Integración de sensores aéreos y terrestres para la producción de cartografía multiescala 3D en la Alhambra y su territorio.
Authors: Montufo Martín Antonio Manuel , López Sánchez José Manuel , Ferrario Stefano , Gómez Cápitas Isidoro , García Garzón Isabel
Published: December 2015

The production of new digital cartography and ortophotos for the monuments of the Alhambra and Generalife is part of the SIALH project, which aims for the development of the Information System of the Alhambra. Map production in the area of the Alhambra is a challenge due to various factors such as the heritage value of the elements to be represented, the complex topography of the territory under study and the requirements of precision and detail exceeding the usual standards in cartography. The need for a multiscale cartography which must support both local-scale projects (up to 1:5000) and detailed planimetric surveys also
constitutes a challenge. The methodology employed combines aerial (LiDAR, digital photogrammetry) and ground sensors (laser scanning) to ensure maximum precision while emphasizing the role of data model as a key element for ensuring the multi-scale information and its usability in projects of very different scales.
The everyday-life in neanderthal times: a full-immersive Pleistocene reconstruction for the Casal De' Pazzi Museum (Rome)
Authors: Palombini Augusto , Arnoldus-Huyzendveld Antonia , Di Ioia Marco , Gioia Patrizia , Persiani Carlo , Pescarin Sofia
Published: December 2015

The Museum of Casal De' Pazzi (Rome) is built since about ten years on a Pleistocene floor consisting in the ancient riverbed of the Aniene river, at about 200.000 bp. Since its opening, it has been characterized by a strong narrative approach, and communication effort. The digital project realized by the Italian CNR (Institut for Technology applied to Cultural Heritage) implies three applications: a flood simulation, to show the water refilling of the ancient riverbed; a
movie in computer-graphic, to be shown to the public, explaining neanderthal man and ancient elephant's life, and an edu-game, for children's learning, the Plei-stostation, implemented by touch-screen interaction dynamics.
Tecnologías para museos virtuales en dispositivos móviles
Authors: Robles Ortega María Dolores , Feito Higueruela Francisco R. , Jiménez Delgado Juan José , Segura Sánchez Rafael J.
Published: December 2015

Virtual museums have incorporated new contents which make the knowledge transmission easier, thanks to the development of the new technologies. Evidently, it would be desirable that all these new elements could be accessed using any mobile device.
In this paper we study the main graphical languages to create 3D virtual museums and the process to adapt it to mobile devices. Specifically, we focus on the following technologies: Flash, VRML and X3D. We also explain the initial process to migrate the Virtual Museum of Iberian Art developed in a previous work in order to be renderized using a Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 with Android as operative system.
Limitations of ozone data assimilation with adjustment of NOx emissions: mixed effects on NO2 forecast over Beijing and surrounding areas
Authors: Tang X. , Zhu J. , Wang Z. F. , Gbaguidi A. , Lin C. Y. , Xin J. Y. , Song T. , Hu B.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. This study investigates a cross-variable ozone data assimilation (DA) method based on an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) that has been validated as an efficient approach for improving ozone forecasts. The main purpose is to delve into the impacts of the cross-variable adjustment of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions on the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) forecasts over Beijing and surrounding regions during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A mixed effect on the NO2 forecasts was observed during the application of the cross-variable assimilation approach in real-data assimilation (RDA) experiments. The method improved the NO2 forecast over almost half of the urban sites with reductions of the root mean square errors (RMSEs) by 15–36 % in contrast to big increases of the RMSEs over other urban stations by 56–239 %. Over the urban stations with negative DA impacts, improvement of the NO2 forecasts with 7 % reduction of the RMSEs was noticed during the night and the morning vs. significant deterioration of the forecasts during daytime with 190 % increase of the RMSEs, suggesting the negative DA impacts mainly occurred during daytime. Ideal data assimilation (IDA) experiments with a box model and the same cross-variable assimilation method, as a further investigation, confirmed the mixed effects found in the RDA experiments. An improvement of the NOx emission estimation was obtained from the cross-variable assimilation under relatively small errors in the prior estimation of NOx emissions during daytime, while deterioration of the NOx emission estimation was found under large biases in the prior estimation of NOx emissions during daytime. However, the cross-variable assimilation improved the NOx emission estimations during the night and the morning even with large biases in the prior estimations. The mixed effects observed in the cross-variable assimilation, i.e., positive DA impacts on NO2 forecast over some urban sites, negative DA impacts over the other urban sites and weak DA impacts over suburban sites, were found to be strongly associated with the linearization of the EnKF at the analysis step and the fast variability of the relationship between ozone concentrations and NOx emissions. When the uncertainties of the daytime ozone concentrations were strongly nonlinearly related to those of the NOx emissions, the linearization analysis of the EnKF brought out an inefficient or a wrong adjustment to the NOx emissions during the daytime. The results of this study provided further explanations for the negative DA impacts observed in previous chemical DA studies and highlighted the limitation of the existing chemical DA methods under high nonlinearity.
Thermodynamic correction of particle concentrations measured by underwing probes on fast flying aircraft
Authors: Weigel R. , Spichtinger P. , Mahnke C. , Klingebiel M. , Afchine A. , Petzold A. , Krämer M. , Costa A. , Molleker S. , Jurkat T. , Minikin A. , Borrmann S.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Particle concentration measurements with underwing probes on aircraft are impacted by air compression upstream of the instrument body as a function of flight velocity. In particular for fast-flying aircraft the necessity arises to account for compression of the air sample volume. Hence, a correction procedure is needed to invert measured particle number concentrations to ambient conditions that is commonly applicable for different instruments to gain comparable results. In the compression region where the detection of particles occurs (i.e. under factual measurement conditions), pressure and temperature of the air sample are increased compared to ambient (undisturbed) conditions in certain distance away from the aircraft. Conventional procedures for scaling the measured number densities to ambient conditions presume that the particle penetration speed through the instruments' detection area equals the aircraft speed (True Air Speed, TAS). However, particle imaging instruments equipped with pitot-tubes measuring the Probe Air Speed (PAS) of each underwing probe reveal PAS values systematically below those of the TAS. We conclude that the deviation between PAS and TAS is mainly caused by the compression of the probed air sample. From measurements during two missions in 2014 with the German Gulfstream G-550 (HALO – High Altitude LOng range) research aircraft we develop a procedure to correct the measured particle concentration to ambient conditions using a thermodynamic approach. With the provided equation the corresponding concentration correction factor ξ is applicable to the high frequency measurements of each underwing probe which is equipped with its own air speed sensor (e.g. a pitot-tube). ξ-values of 1 to 0.85 are calculated for air speeds (i.e. TAS) between 60 and 260 m s−1. From HALO data it is found that ξ does not significantly vary between the different deployed instruments. Thus, for the current HALO underwing probe configuration a parameterisation of ξ as a function of TAS is provided for instances if PAS measurements are lacking. The ξ-correction yields higher ambient particle concentration by about 15–25 % compared to conventional procedures – an improvement which can be considered as significant for many research applications. The calculated ξ-values are specifically related to the considered HALO underwing probe arrangement and may differ for other aircraft or instrument geometries. Moreover, the ξ-correction may not cover all impacts originating from high flight velocities and from interferences between the instruments and, e.g., the aircraft wings and/or fuselage. Consequently, it is important that PAS (as a function of TAS) is individually measured by each probe deployed underneath the wings of a fast-flying aircraft.