bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chasing genetic correlation breakers to stimulate population resilience to climate change
Authors: Klápště Jaroslav , Telfer Emily J , Dungey Heidi S , Graham Natalie J
Published: May 2022

Global climate change introduces new combinations of environmental conditions, which is expected to increase stress on plants. This could affect many traits in multiple ways that are as yet unknown but will likely require the modification of existing genetic relationships among functional traits potentially involved in local adaptation. Theoretical evolutionary studies have determined that it is an advantage to have an excess of recombination events under heterogeneous environmental conditions. Our study, conducted on a population of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), was able to identify individuals that show high genetic recombination at genomic regions, which potentially include pleiotropic or collocating QTLs responsible for the studied traits, reaching a prediction accuracy of 0.80 in random cross-validation and 0.72 when whole family was removed from the training population and predicted. To identify these highly recombined individuals, a training population was constructed from correlation breakers, created through tandem selection of parents in the previous generation and their consequent mating. Although the correlation breakers showed lower observed heterogeneity possibly due to direct selection in both studied traits, the genomic regions with statistically significant differences in the linkage disequilibrium pattern showed higher level of heretozygosity, which has the effect of decomposing unfavourable genetic correlation. We propose undertaking selection of correlation breakers under current environmental conditions and using genomic predictions to increase the frequency of these ’recombined’ individuals in future plantations, ensuring the resilience of planted forests to changing climates. The increased frequency of such individuals will decrease the strength of the population-level genetic correlations among traits, increasing the opportunity for new trait combinations to be developed in the future.
Need for cognition does not account for individual differences in metacontrol of decision making
Authors: Bolenz Florian , Profitt Maxine F. , Stechbarth Fabian , Eppinger Ben , Strobel Alexander
Published: May 2022

Humans show metacontrol of decision making, that is they adapt their reliance on decision-making strategies toward situational differences such as differences in reward magnitude. Specifically, when higher rewards are at stake, individuals increase reliance on a more accurate but cognitively effortful strategy. We investigated whether the personality trait Need for Cognition (NFC) explains individual differences in metacontrol. Based on findings of cognitive effort expenditure in executive functions, we expected more metacontrol in individuals low in NFC. In two independent studies, metacontrol was assessed by means of a decision-making task that dissociates different reinforcement-learning strategies and in which reward magnitude was manipulated across trials. In contrast to our expectations, NFC did not account for individual differences in metacontrol of decision making. In fact, a Bayesian analysis provided moderate to strong evidence against a relationship between NFC and metacontrol. Beyond this, there was no consistent evidence for relationship between NFC and overall model-based decision making. These findings show that the effect of rewards on the engagement of effortful decision-making strategies is largely independent of the intrinsic motivation for engaging in cognitively effortful tasks and suggest a differential role of NFC for the regulation of cognitive effort in decision making and executive functions.
Endocranial volume increases across captive generations in the endangered Mexican wolf
Authors: Siciliano-Martina Leila , Michaud Margot , Tanis Brian P. , Scicluna Emily L. , Lawing A. Michelle
Published: May 2022

Endangered animals in captivity may display reduced brain sizes due to captive conditions and limited genetic diversity. Captive diets, for example, may differ in nutrition and texture, altering cranial musculature and alleviating constraints on cranial shape development. Changes in brain size are associated with biological fitness, which may limit reintroduction success. Little is known about how changes in brain size progress in highly managed carnivoran populations and whether such traits are retained among reintroduced populations. Here, we measured the endocranial volume of preserved Mexican wolf skulls across captive generations and between captive, wild, and reintroduced populations and assessed endocranial volume dependence on inbreeding and cranial musculature. Endocranial volume increased across captive generations. However, we did not detect a difference among captive, wild, and reintroduced groups, perhaps due to the variability across captive generations. We did not find a relationship between endocranial volume and either inbreeding or cranial musculature, although the captive population displayed an increase in the cross-sectional area of the masseter muscle. We hypothesize that the increase in endocranial volume observed across captive generations may be related to the high-quality nutrition provided in captivity.
Property space mapping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa permeability to small molecules
Authors: Leus Inga V. , Weeks Jon W. , Bonifay Vincent , Shen Yue , Yang Liang , Cooper Connor J. , Nath Dinesh , Duerfeldt Adam S. , Smith Jeremy C. , Parks Jerry M. , Rybenkov Valentin V. , Zgurskaya Helen I.
Published: May 2022

Two membrane cell envelopes act as selective permeability barriers in Gram-negative bacteria, protecting cells against antibiotics and other small molecules. Significant efforts are being directed toward understanding how small molecules permeate these barriers. In this study, we developed an approach to analyze the permeation of compounds into Gram-negative bacteria and applied it to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important human pathogen notorious for resistance to multiple antibiotics. The approach uses mass spectrometric measurements of accumulation of a library of structurally diverse compounds in four isogenic strains of P. aeruginosa with varied permeability barriers. We further developed a machine learning algorithm that generates a deterministic classification model with minimal synonymity between the descriptors. This model predicted good permeators into P. aeruginosa with an accuracy of 89% and precision above 58%. The good permeators are broadly distributed in the property space and can be mapped to six distinct regions representing diverse chemical scaffolds. We posit that this approach can be used for more detailed mapping of the property space and for rational design of compounds with high Gram-negative permeability.
Determination of time of death by blinded post-mortem interrogation of cardiac implantable electrical devices
Authors: Lackermair Korbinian , Fischer Florian , Manhart Johannes , Scheurer Eva , Graw Matthias , Boy Diana , Lenz Claudia , Hartrampf Bonnie , Kellnar Antonia , Sams Lauren , Estner Heidi , Fichtner Stephanie
Published: May 2022

Postmortal interrogation of cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIED) may contribute to the determination of time of death in forensic medicine. Recent studies aimed to improve estimation of time of death by combining findings from autopsy, CIED interrogation and patients´ medical history. CIED from deceased undergoing forensic autopsy were included, if time of death remained unclear after forensic assessment. CIED explanted from deceased with known time of death were analysed as a control cohort. CIED were sent to our device interrogation lab and underwent analysis blinded for autopsy findings, medical history and police reports. The accuracy of time of death determination and the accuracy of time of death in the control cohort served as primary outcome. A total of 87 CIED were analysed. The determination of time of death was possible in 54 CIED (62%, CI 52–72%). The accuracy of the estimated time of death was 92.3% in the control cohort. Certain CIED type and manufacturers were associated with more successful determination. Blinded postmortal analysis enables a valid determination of the time of death in the majority of CIED. Analysis of explanted CIED in a cardiological core lab is feasible and should be implemented in forensic medicine.
Male recognition bias in sex assignment based on visual stimuli
Authors: Federici Stefano , Lepri Alessandro , Bacci Silvia , Bartolucci Francesco
Published: May 2022

According to previous ethnomethodological and cognitive studies on sex assignment, if a figure has male sexual characteristics people are more likely to think it is a man than they think it is a woman when the figure has female sexual characteristics. This bias in favor of male attribution is strongly reinforced when a penis is apparent in human nude pictures. In our contribution, we reported findings of three experiments aimed at replicating previous studies by administering the Sex/Gender Attribution Test for Adult (SGAT-A) created by digitally morphing the bodies of one human male and one human female model into realistic pictures. We observed the sex attribution and response time of 1706 young adult participants. A cross-cultural comparison was also carried out with a sample of young adult Chinese students. Findings substantially reconfirmed those obtained in previous studies. The male external genitalia overshadow any other features that might rather suggest a female identity. Indeed, when male external genitalia were exposed, the odds of male sex attribution were 5.688 compared to 1.823 female attribution when female external genitalia were shown. Moreover, the shortest response times were observed with masculine stimuli. Evolutionary and cultural determinants of the male sex bias are also discussed.
Quantum features of nonlinear coupler with competing nonlinearity
Authors: Julius Rafael , Ibrahim Abdel-Baset M. A. , Choudhury Pankaj Kumar , Alias Azrul Nizam , Abd Halim Muhammad Syawal
Published: May 2022

In this work, we examine the quantum features of a multi-waveguide nonlinear coupler exploiting the second-and third-order nonlinearities. The considered system contains four identical channels, each with a single fundamental transverse mode. The essence of this type of nonlinear coupler is to examine the effect of two or more competing nonlinearities on the generated nonclassical features in this class of devices. Here, we consider the case of second harmonic generation, wherein the fundamental harmonic (FH) fields are up-converted in pairs to double-frequency second harmonic (SH) fields, which are then evanescently coupled with the fields from other Kerr nonlinear waveguides. Using the positive P representation of the phase space, the time-evolution of the density matrix could be mapped to the corresponding Fokker–Planck equation of a classical quasiprobability distribution. Using Langevin stochastic equation, an exact representation of the system in phase space led to the demonstration of sub-Poissonian property, squeezing, and entanglement. With more effective squeezing achieved in all channel waveguides, the present system with χ(2)–χ(3) interaction can be a more efficient alternative to other versions of nonlinear couplers such as the quantum optical dimer (QOD) and Kerr nonlinear coupler (KNC). Furthermore, such a structure offers more flexibility in coupled-mode interactions in the form of correlation between the modes in different waveguides. This provides a better mechanism for the generation of enhanced nonclassical effects.
Are micronutrient levels and supplements causally associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease? A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Meng Lei , Wang Zhe , Ming Yu-Cheng , Shen Liang , Ji Hong-Fang
Published: May 2022

Mendelian randomization analysis revealed the causal associations of vitamin D and copper levels with Alzheimer's disease risk.
Focal conic flowers, dislocation rings, and undulation textures in smectic liquid crystal Janus droplets
Authors: Wei Wei-Shao , Jeong Joonwoo , Collings Peter J. , Yodh A. G.
Published: May 2022

Stable and metastable smectic liquid crystal textures, including focal conic domains, dislocations, and undulations, arise within liquid crystal Janus drops. The different textures can be created and controlledviadifferent fabrication pathways.
Biological interactions of ferromagnetic iron oxide–carbon nanohybrids with alveolar epithelial cells
Authors: Vercellino Silvia , Kokalari Ida , Liz Cantoral Mayra , Petseva Vanya , Cursi Lorenzo , Casoli Francesca , Castagnola Valentina , Boselli Luca , Fenoglio Ivana
Published: May 2022

Iron oxide nanoparticles with a carbon shell (IONP@C) showed good colloidal stability in the biological environment, no cytotoxic effects and a peculiar intracellular trafficking pathway on a widely employed model of alveolar epithelial cells.
“Spear and shield in one” nanochaperone enables protein to navigate multiple biological barriers for enhanced tumor synergistic therapy
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wang Da-Yuan , Wu Xiaohui , Zhao Yu , Li Xue , Ma Rujiang , Huang Fan , Shi Linqi
Published: May 2022

A chaperone-mimicking nanocarrier was developed to achieve highly efficient intracellular delivery of protein and boost antitumor synergistic therapeutic effect in combination with small-molecule drugs.
Room-temperature liquid-phase synthesis of aluminium nanoparticles
Authors: Riegsinger Sven , Popescu Radian , Gerthsen Dagmar , Feldmann Claus
Published: May 2022

Al(0) nanoparticles (5.6 ± 1.5 nm) are obtained via liquid-phase synthesis by reduction of AlBr3 with [LiNaph] and with TMEDA to control particle size, colloidal stability, and reactivity.
In situ ligand-induced Ln-MOFs based on a chromophore moiety: white light emission and turn-on detection of trace antibiotics
Authors: Feng Xun , Shang Yapei , Zhang Ka , Hong Manzhou , Li Junfeng , Xu Hongdi , Wang Liya , Li Zhongjun
Published: May 2022

Series novel 3D Ln-MOFs containing both carboxyphenyl and pyridinyl moieties have been constructed. Tb-MOF fluorescence turn-on sensor of levofloxacin solution with highly sensitive and excellent selective was achieved through d-PET approach.
Superior mechanical flexibility, lattice thermal conductivity and electron mobility of the hexagonal honeycomb carbon nitride monolayer
Authors: Zhang Tian , Lin Jia-He , Jia Xiao
Published: May 2022

A new phase, labeled C3N2, has excellent mechanical and optical properties, super-high lattice thermal conductivity and electron mobility.
Ferromagnetic correlations in the layered van der Waals sulfide FeAl2S4
Authors: Verchenko Valeriy Yu. , Kanibolotskiy Alexander V. , Bogach Alexey V. , Znamenkov Konstantin O. , Shevelkov Andrei V.
Published: May 2022

Bulk cleavable crystals of the FeAl2S4 van der Waals sulfide were obtained by chemical vapor transport. The observed ferromagnetic instability indicates strong electronic correlations within the semiconducting ground state.
Structure, optical and luminescence properties of anhydrous samarium iodate Sm3(IO3)9(HIO3)4
Authors: Guo Ruixin , Tang Changcheng , Xia Mingjun , Liu Lijuan , Wang Xiaoyang
Published: May 2022

A new non-centrosymmetric iodate crystal Sm3(IO3)9(HIO3)4 has been successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method. It has the strongest emission located at 600 nm under 403 nm excitation and moderate SHG response.
Synthesis and the spectral, electrochemical, and nonlinear optical properties of β-dicyanovinyl-appended ‘push–pull’ porphyrins
Authors: Rohal Renu K. , Shanu Mohd , Acharyya Jitendra Nath , Vijaya Prakash G. , Sankar Muniappan
Published: May 2022

A series of “push–pull” porphyrins, MTPP(MN)(TPA)2 having triphenylamine (TPA) and dicyanovinyl (MN) at antipodal positions were synthesized and characterized. They were utilized for third-order nonlinear optical measurements using kHz laser pulses.
Construction of MnxCoyO4/Ti electrocatalysts for efficient bifunctional water splitting
Authors: Huang Qiuping , Jiang Mingjiao , Li Yingjia , Liang Chao , Tang Yumei , Xie Fengyu , Yang Min , Deng Guowei
Published: May 2022

In this work, we report the design and synthesis of non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts for effective overall water splitting in alkaline solutions for the development of hydrogen energy.
Recent advances in the sustainable production of α,ω-C6 bifunctional compounds enabled by chemo-/biocatalysts
Authors: Li Qian , Zhang Zhongwei , Zhao Jing , Li Aitao
Published: May 2022

We review the recent progress of synthesis routes for four α,ω-C6 bifunctional compounds (6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, 6-aminocaproic acid, 1,6-hexanediol and 1,6-hexanediamine), focusing on routes involving sustainable catalysts or renewable feedstocks.
Risk-based uncertainty assessment to identify key sustainability hurdles for emerging CO2 utilization technologies
Authors: Lee Jeehwan S. , Jung Juyeong , Roh Kosan , Heo Seongmin , Lee Ung , Lee Jay H.
Published: May 2022

Classification of technological uncertainties using stakeholder-defined decision criteria to assess and identify key sustainability hurdles in emerging carbon dioxide utilization (CDU) technologies.
Tunable mechanochromic luminescence via surface protonation of pyridyl-substituted imidazole crystals
Authors: Kubota Rikuto , Yuan Yanqiu , Yoshida Ryohei , Tachikawa Takashi , Ito Suguru
Published: May 2022

The emission wavelength shift in mechanochromic luminescence is extended via protonation of pyridyl-substituted imidazole molecules near the crystal surface.
First-principles calculations of the structural, energetic, electronic, optical, and photocatalytic properties of BaTaO2N low-index surfaces
Authors: Zhou Keyu , Fo Yumeng , Zhou Xin
Published: May 2022

We present here the influence of different surface terminations on the electronic, optical, and photocatalytic properties of trans and cis BaTaO2N using density functional theory calculations.
Kinetics and mechanism of the Barton–Kellogg olefination: a computational DFT study using CTST theory and topological approaches
Authors: Seif Ahmad , Ahmadi Temer S. , Klein Axel
Published: May 2022

Gibbs energies (kcal mol−1) for the BK reaction starting from R1 and R2, calculated at the MN15-L/Def2-TZVP level of theory in toluene as solvent (SMD) at 298 K for the first step and at 383.6 K for the consecutive steps.
Fabrication of a multi-dimensional CoFeOx catalyst for the efficient catalytic oxidation elimination of o-dichlorobenzene
Authors: Wu Shixing , Zhao Haijun , Tang Zhicheng , Zhang Jiyi
Published: May 2022

Multi-dimensional CoFeOx/CoOx with a 2D/1D structure exhibited outstanding catalytic activity and thermal stability in the catalytic elimination of o-DCB.
Diastereoselective aldol-type interception of phenolic oxonium ylides for the direct assembly of 2,2-disubstituted dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Hong Kemiao , Yang Xiangji , Zhang Zhijing , Xie Xiongda , Lv Xin , Xu Xinfang , Hu Wenhao
Published: May 2022

A diastereoselective aldol-type interception of phenolic oxonium ylides with isatins provides an effective access to 2,2-disubstituted dihydrobenzofuran derivatives in high yields.
Polymer solar cells made with photocrosslinkable conjugated donor–acceptor block copolymers: improvement in the thermal stability and morphology with a single-component active layer
Authors: Kwon Na Yeon , Park Su Hong , Cho Seunguk , Lee Dong Won , Harit Amit Kumar , Woo Han Young , Cho Min Ju , Choi Dong Hoon
Published: May 2022

New photocrosslinkable conjugated donor–acceptor block copolymer bearing oxetane side chains is synthesized by one-pot polymerization to improve the thermal and morphological properties.
Pretreatment of coir lignocellulose for preparation of a porous coir–polyurethane composite with high oil adsorption capacity
Authors: Hoang Phan Huy , Dat Hoang Tien , Cuong Thai Dinh , Dien Le Quang
Published: May 2022

An efficient porous coir–polyurethane composite with high porosity and high oil sorption efficiency has been successfully prepared by incorporating coir into a polyurethane matrix.
Externally tunable multichannel filtering applications of organic material based 1D magnetic cold-plasma photonic crystals
Authors: Awasthi S. K. , Aghajamali Alireza , Mohamed A. M. , Matar Z. S. , Amin A. F. , Aly Arafa H.
Published: May 2022

In the present research work, we employed the transfer matrix method (TMM) in addition to MATLAB software to examine the transmission properties of various organic-based one-dimensional (1D) magnetic cold-plasma photonic crystals (MCPPhCs).
Approaching high performance Ni(Co) molybdate electrode materials for flexible hybrid devices
Authors: Sun Yuchen , Wang Xiaowei , Umar Ahmad , Wu Xiang
Published: May 2022

We prepare several Ni1−xCoxMoO4·nH2O nanostructures through facile hydrothermal strategies. The obtained electrode materials delivered a specific capacitance of 1390 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. The as-assembled device shows an energy density of 72.45 W h kg−1 at a power density of 2688.8 W kg−1.
Single-molecule study of the effects of temperature, pH, and RNA base on the stepwise enzyme kinetics of 10–23 deoxyribozyme
Authors: Jung Jiwon , Kim Seon Yong , Kim Seong Keun
Published: May 2022

We investigated how the stepwise enzyme kinetics of 10–23 deoxyribozyme was affected by temperature, pH, and RNA residue of the substrate at the single-molecule level.
“Click handle”-modified 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroarabino nucleic acid as a synthetic genetic polymer capable of post-polymerization functionalization
Authors: Wu Kevin B. , Skrodzki Christopher J. A. , Su Qiwen , Lin Jennifer , Niu Jia
Published: May 2022

Polymerase-mediated incorporation of a “click handle”-modified fluoroarabinonucleic acid (cmFANA) triphosphate produces a new class of nuclease-resistant, evolvable genetic polymers that can be functionalized with azide-containing molecules.
Catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles with nitrogen/phosphorus co-doped porous carbon materials
Authors: Sun Kangkang , Shan Hongbin , Ma Rui , Wang Peng , Neumann Helfried , Lu Guo-Ping , Beller Matthias
Published: May 2022

Green oxidations made easy. Metal-free dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles are possible in using N,P-co-doped porous carbon materials “on” water using air.
An acetyltransferase controls the metabolic flux in rubromycin polyketide biosynthesis by direct modulation of redox tailoring enzymes
Authors: Toplak Marina , Nagel Adelheid , Frensch Britta , Lechtenberg Thorsten , Teufel Robin
Published: May 2022

Characterization of the acetyltransferase GrhJ reveals the surprising acetylation of flavoenzyme GrhO6 in rubromycin polyketide biosynthesis, showcasing a novel principle for the enzymatic regulation of secondary metabolic pathways.
Rapid self-healing in IR-responsive plasmonic indium tin oxide/polyketone nanocomposites
Authors: Araya-Hermosilla Esteban , Gabbani Alessio , Mazzotta Arianna , Ruggeri Marina , Orozco Felipe , Cappello Valentina , Gemmi Mauro , Bose Ranjita K. , Picchioni Francesco , Pineider Francesco , Mattoli Virgilio , Pucci Andrea
Published: May 2022

Rapid self-healing materials are highly demanded to decrease polymer pollution and increase the material’s service life.
Carbon nanomaterials–polymer composites for perovskite solar cells: preparation, properties and applications
Authors: Dou Qianqian , Whatley Tanner , Syed Tajamul , Wei Wei , Wang Hui
Published: May 2022

An overview of carbon–polymer nanocomposites for perovskite solar cells.
Understanding (photo)electrocatalysis for the conversion of methane to valuable chemicals through partial oxidation processes
Authors: Dhandole Love Kumar , Kim Sang Hoon , Moon Gun-hee
Published: May 2022

The review overviews the mechanism of C–H activation through electron–hole mediated pathways in photo and electrocatalysis, and introduces various strategies to increase the conversion of CH4 as well as the selectivity to desired products.
Boosting the thermoelectric performance of zinc blende-like Cu2SnSe3 through phase structure and band structure regulations
Authors: Wang Meng , He Mingkai , Zhu Lujun , Ma Baopeng , Zhang Fudong , Liang Pengfei , Chao Xiaolian , Yang Zupei , He Jiaqing , Wu Di
Published: May 2022

Phase transition from the (cation) ordered δ-phase to the disordered cubic phase upon In/Sb co-doping leading to a significantly enhanced thermoelectric performance in zinc blende-like Cu2SnSe3.
Low-temperature liquid reflux synthesis of core@shell structured Ni@Fe-doped NiCo nanoparticles decorated on carbon nanotubes as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Ma Manman , Sun Wei , Wang Ye , Wang Jiahui , Ma Lin , Yang Qing
Published: May 2022

Core@shell structured Ni@Fe-doped NiCo nanoparticles decorated on carbon nanotubes (Fe/Ni@NiCo-CNT) synthesized as an efficient and stable bifunctional ORR/OER catalyst for Zn–air batteries.
Rice husk-derived porous silicon dioxide fillers for enhancing ionic conductivity in a solid-state electrolyte of lithium–sulfur batteries under molecular dynamic calculation
Authors: Lee Jyun-Ting , Lin Meng-Chin , Leu Chyi-Ming , Wu Jyh Ming
Published: May 2022

Rice husk-derived porous SiO2 is incorporated into a polyethylene oxide polymer to form a low-cost composite polymer electrolyte that is shown, using theoretical calculations and experimentally, to possess enhanced ionic conductivity.
Metal ion sensing with graphene quantum dots: detection of harmful contaminants and biorelevant species
Authors: Revesz Isabella A. , Hickey Shane M. , Sweetman Martin J.
Published: May 2022

The state-of-the-art for metal ion sensing by GQD probes is reviewed. The field is discussed, along with the challenges to determine specific mechanisms of interaction. This understanding is highly desired to develop selective GQD-metal ion sensors.
Sequential, low-temperature aqueous synthesis of Ag–In–S/Zn quantum dots via staged cation exchange under biomineralization conditions
Authors: Ozdemir Nur Koncuy , Cline Joseph P. , Sakizadeh John , Collins Shannon M. , Brown Angela C. , McIntosh Steven , Kiely Christopher J. , Snyder Mark A.
Published: May 2022

Choreographing nanocrystal biomineralization, cation exchange, and low-temperature annealing enables synthesis of ‘green’ functionalizable quantum dots suitable for bioimaging.
Polarization anisotropy losses due to morphological instability in CsPbX3 nanorods and strategies for mitigation
Authors: Ng Michael , Shivarudraiah Sunil B. , Halpert Jonathan E.
Published: May 2022

Morphological instability of CsPbX3 perovskite nanorods results in a loss of polarized emission when stored under ambient conditions. Silica encapsulation of nanorods can offer a simple strategy to prevent loss of polarized emission.
Enhancing photon upconversion with thermally activated sensitization and singlet energy collection
Authors: Luo Guiwen , Liu Yanpeng , Zeng Yi , Yu Tianjun , Chen Jinping , Hu Rui , Yang Guoqiang , Li Yi
Published: May 2022

Solid-state upconversion involving thermally activated sensitization and singlet energy collection presents enhanced performance that benefits practical hydrogen photoproduction.
A {Zn4} cluster as a bi-functional luminescence sensor for highly sensitive detection of chloride ions and histidine in aqueous media
Authors: Li Jing , Ma Ke-Xin , Yang Yan , Yang Hua , Lu Jing , Li Da-Cheng , Dou Jian-Min , Ma Hui-Yan , Wang Su-Na , Li Yun-Wu
Published: May 2022

A novel {Zn4} cluster can efficiently detect Cl− and histidine with low LODs in various aqueous media. The sensing mechanism of Cl− is revealed by various experimental methods and DFT calculations.
A Scoping Review of Technology and Infrastructure Needs in the Delivery of Virtual Hearing Aid Services
Authors: DiFabio Danielle L. , O'Hagan Robin , Glista Danielle
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

The digital health revolution has brought forward integral technological advancements enabling virtual care as a readily accessible delivery model. Despite this forward momentum, the field of audiology still faces barriers that impede the uptake of virtual services into routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to gather, synthesize, and summarize the literature around virtual hearing aid intervention studies and the related technology and infrastructure requirements.

Method:

A scoping review was conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Nursing and Allied Health, and Web of Science databases. Objectives, inclusion criteria, and scoping review methods were specified in advance and documented in a protocol.

Results:

The 11 studies identified through this review related to virtual hearing aid services delivered by a licensed health care provider and/or facilitator(s) specific to hearing aid management, programming, verification, and validation services. Service delivery models varied according to patient population, technology experience, type(s) and time course of care, type of remote location, and technology/support requirements. Barriers and facilitators to implementation-related themes including technology access and function, client sociotechnical, convenience, education and training, interaction quality, service delivery, and technology innovation.

Conclusions:

This scoping review provides evidence around the technology and infrastructure required for full integration of virtual hearing aid services into practice and according to care type. Low-tech versus high-tech requirements may be used to guide virtual service delivery triaging efforts. Research and development efforts in the areas of pediatrics, clinical support tools, and hearing aid/app-based solutions will support further uptake of virtual service delivery in audiology.
Adaptive composite frequency control of power systems using reinforcement learning
Authors: Mu Chaoxu , Wang Ke , Ma Shiqian , Chong Zhiqiang , Ni Zhen
Published: May 2022

With the incorporation of renewable energy, load frequency control (LFC) becomes more challenging due to uncertain power generation and changeable load demands. The electric vehicle (EV) has been a popular transportation and can also provide flexible options to play a role in frequency regulation. In this paper, a novel adaptive composite controller is designed to solve the LFC problem for the interconnected power system with electric vehicles and wind turbine. EVs are used as regulation resources to effectively compensate the power mismatch. First, the sliding mode controller is developed to reduce the random influences caused by the wind turbine generation system. Second, an auxiliary controller with reinforcement learning is proposed to produce adaptive control signals, which will be attached to the primary proportion‐integration‐differentiation control signal in a real‐time manner. Finally, by considering random wind power, load disturbances and output constraints, the proposed scheme is verified on a two‐area power system under four different cases. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive composite frequency control scheme has a competitive performance with regard to dynamic performance.
Artificial noise aided directional modulation via reconfigurable intelligent surface: Secrecy guarantee in range domain
Authors: Chen Jiangong , Xiao Yue , Lei Xia , Niu Hong , Yuan Yanli
Published: May 2022

Recently, the physical limitation of range‐domain security guarantee for directional modulation with frequency diverse array was disclosed in Ding et al. (IEEE Access 8, 63302–63309 (2020)). Therefore, to recreate this significant secrecy realisation in both direction and range domain, the authors conceive an artificial noise aided directional modulation scheme via reconfigurable intelligent surface. Specifically, the angle of departure from the reconfigurable intelligent surface to co‐direction receivers varies with distance, which provides the freedom to distinguish users in the range domain. With locations of the active eavesdroppers, an optimisation problem is further formulated to maximise the secrecy rate, which is then solved by applying genetic algorithm and alternating optimisation. On the other hand, when the eavesdroppers are silent, we employ maximum‐ratio transmission precoding and artificial noise to guarantee information security. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that, due to the aid of reconfigurable intelligent surface, the developed directional modulation structure can robustly guarantee the information security in the range domain, whether the information of eavesdroppers is achieved.
Geometric control for trajectory‐tracking of a quadrotor UAV with suspended load
Authors: Wang Junan , Yuan Xiaozhuoer , Zhu Bing
Published: May 2022

A geometric control is proposed for the trajectory‐tracking of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle with suspended load. The plant to be controlled is modelled by using Euler–Lagrangian equations, and it is linearised around zero swing angles of the load. The swing angles of the load are supposed to be unmeasurable, and they are estimated by the state observer. The controller is design in the inner–outer loop framework, where the outer loop trajectory‐tracking is basically implemented by internal model principle, and the inner loop attitude control is designed on to avoid singularities. It is proved that, with the proposed geometric control, the tracking error of the inner loop converges in finite time, and the outer loop trajectory tracking error is asymptotically stable. Theoretical results are substantiated by a numerical example, where the closed‐loop system is capable of tracking a circular curve.
Research on the speed‐dependence of heat convection in high‐speed EV motors and its application in the model‐based rotor temperature monitoring technology
Authors: Dong Tenghui , Nakamura Taketsune
Published: May 2022

Using the embedded onboard digital thermal model is an economical and effective way to monitor the rotor temperatures of the electric vehicle (EV) propulsion Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) in real‐time. The onboard thermal model is generally in an analytical form with constant thermal resistances. However, in practical situations, the thermal convection intensities on the surfaces of the air gap and the end‐cavity vary significantly with the rotational speed, producing a non‐negligible influence on the estimation accuracy of the onboard thermal model. Aiming at eliminating this error and improving the accuracy, this paper explores the variation of the airflow's aerodynamics characteristics and the heat convection with the rotational speed through a syncretic study of theoretical, experimental, and numerical methods. It is found that the changing trend of the airflow presents a multi‐stage characteristic in the speed range of 0–12,000 rpm. The speed‐dependent convective thermal resistances are formulaically parameterised and then used to replace the related constant thermal resistances in the thermal model. The standard vehicle driving cycle test result shows that this optimisation brings a nearly 11% reduction of the overall estimation error.
Hierarchical management strategy for electric vehicles charging schedule considering the scarcity of charging resources
Authors: Zhu Xu , Sun Yuanzhang , Yang Jun , Zhan Xiangpeng , Wu Fuzhang , Fan Hui , Liang Jifeng
Published: May 2022

Charging resources are scarce due to the limited capacity of charging stations and the congestion of distribution networks. Here, a hierarchical scheduling framework that considers the privacy of participants is established to optimize the charging power with a fair payment mechanism. The charging resource allocation model is established considering the scarcity of charging resources. Furthermore, the model is divided into three sub problems, including the congestion management problem of distribution network operator, the energy management problem of charging station and the charging mode problem of electric vehicle. Then the collaborative optimization algorithms are proposed to ensure the privacy of participants. Finally, a hierarchical payment mechanism based on the opportunity cost theory is proposed. The performance of the proposed hierarchical scheduling framework is evaluated using the Roy Billiton Test System with 2000 EVs. On the premise of ensuring distribution network economic operation, the proposed hierarchical scheduling strategy can satisfy the requirement for privacy protection and eliminate the overload problem caused by electric vehicle charging. The simulation results have shown that the additional capacity cost has an obvious levelling effect. With the application of the payment mechanism, charging resources is equitably allocated. Also, the equilibrium of a market and the stable operation of power system can be guaranteed.
A simple cavity method which increases bandwidth of cylindrical dipole antennas to almost 100%
Authors: Sahraei Amir , Aliakbarian Hadi , Yazdani Reza
Published: May 2022

A broadband dipole antenna and an integrated cavity section responsible for increasing bandwidth are introduced, designed, and successfully fabricated. This simple and highly effective cavity is added at the dipoles input, where the concentric coaxial feed line becomes its inner conductor, and the dipoles cylinder becomes its outer conductor. This coaxial‐fed dipole antenna could be easily fabricated due to its simple mechanical structure. A version of this type of dipole antenna, with a total length of less than 38 cm (0.44λ) and a radius of about 5 cm, is designed once symmetrically and once with an asymmetrical down‐tilted radiation pattern. The new proposed cavity part can increase the antenna's bandwidth up to 100%, which is highly superior compared to conventional counterparts. Furthermore, the antenna's radiation pattern is stable throughout the bandwidth. The minimum realized gain at the solid angle of θ (for instance, θ between 90 and 120°) is perfectly above zero within the frequency range. The antenna measurement results are in acceptable agreement with the simulations.
Digital signature technique with quantum‐dot cellular automata
Authors: Kundu Arpita , Debnath Bikash , Chandra Das Jadav , De Debashis
Published: May 2022

Quantum‐dot cellular automaton (QCA) is efficient nanotechnology that may be used as an alternative to Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor technology. Here, computation relies upon the electron's polarisation, revealing binary information. Quantum‐dot cellular automaton is an appropriate opportunity for the upcoming age of advanced digital frameworks. Security in transferring data is essential since a lot of valuable information is present. Digital Signature is a process where data is transferred from a receiver to an authenticated sender only. In this paper, tile‐based Exclusive NOR gate (XNOR) is designed, which is more stable than the regular majority gate‐based circuit. It is used to create a novel circuit for authentication of data which is based on tiles. It develops a QCA architecture that works on the principle of Digital Signature. The architecture validates and proves the authentication of the message sent from the sender to the receiver. The decrypted digest and the converted digest of the original dispatch are compared in the proposed Digital Validator circuit, which is developed utilising a QCA XNOR gate. The security for communication at the nanoscale level is enhanced due to the use of the SHA‐256 algorithm. The simulation results confirm the theoretical results.
Clutter suppression based on iterative reweighted methods with multiple measurement vectors for airborne radar
Authors: Liu Cheng , Wang Tong , Zhang Shuguang , Ren Bing
Published: May 2022

Sparse recovery algorithms have been applied to the Space‐time adaptive processing for reducing the requirement of samples over the past 15 years. However, many Sparse recovery algorithms are not robust and need accurate user parameters. Conventional sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) algorithms are insensitivity to user parameters but converge slowly. To remedy the limitation, two iterative reweighted algorithms are proposed based on SBL. In order to minimise the SBL penalty function, we construct its upper‐bounding surrogate function via the concave conjugate function and apply iterative reweighted algorithms to minimise the surrogate function. Theoretical analysis and numerical experiments all exhibit great performance of the proposed algorithms.
Error modelling method of extended Kalman filter‐based terrain referenced navigation system for integrity assurance under nominal conditions
Authors: Park Haerhee , Lee Jinsil , Lee Jiyun
Published: May 2022

Navigation safety is further emphasised for terrain referenced navigation (TRN) systems used in middle‐range unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) than those in cruise missiles flying through mountainous areas, because middle‐range UAVs may fly to regions and cities containing both combatants and civilians. For safety assurance of TRN systems, this paper proposes a method to compute protection levels (PLs) to assure the required level of integrity under nominal conditions. For obtaining PLs of TRN systems, all the components of the TRN measurement errors should be identified and overbounded. This study models every error component: the radar altimeter error, the vertical error in the terrain elevation database, the lateral offset induced error, and the interpolation error. Based on the characteristics of TRN systems using terrain information for obtaining navigation solutions, this study developed new models for the lateral offset induced error and the interpolation error as a function of terrain roughness by examining the effect of terrain roughness on the error sources. The simulation results demonstrate that the latitude and longitude PLs obtained by applying the proposed models can sufficiently overbound the navigation solution error for TRN systems under nominal conditions; especially the proposed method shows remarkable performance in regions with low terrain roughness.
Runko: Modern multiphysics toolbox for plasma simulations
Authors: Nättilä J.
Published: May 2022

runko is a new open-source plasma simulation framework implemented in C++ and Python. It is designed to function as an easy-to-extend general toolbox for simulating astrophysical plasmas with different theoretical and numerical models. Computationally intensive low-level kernels are written in modern C++ taking advantage of polymorphic classes, multiple inheritance, and template metaprogramming. High-level functionality is operated with Python scripts. The hybrid program design ensures good code performance together with ease of use. The framework has a modular object-oriented design that allows the user to easily add new numerical algorithms to the system. The code can be run on various computing platforms ranging from laptops (shared-memory systems) to massively parallel supercomputer architectures (distributed-memory systems). The framework supports heterogeneous multiphysics simulations in which different physical solvers can be combined and run simultaneously. Here, we showcase the framework’s relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) module by presenting (i) 1D simulations of relativistic Weibel instability, (ii) 2D simulations of relativistic kinetic turbulence in a suddenly stirred magnetically-dominated pair plasma, and (iii) 3D simulations of collisionless shocks in an unmagnetized medium.
Unsupervised classification of CIGALE galaxy spectra
Authors: Dubois J. , Fraix-Burnet D. , Moultaka J. , Sharma P. , Burgarella D.
Published: May 2022

Aims. Our study aims at providing deeper insight into the power and limitation of an unsupervised classification algorithm (called Fisher-EM) on spectra of galaxies. This algorithm uses a Gaussian mixture in a discriminative latent subspace. To this end, we investigate the capacity of this algorithm to segregate the physical parameters used to generate mock spectra and the influence of the noise on the classification.

Methods. With the code CIGALE and different values for nine input parameters characterising the stellar population, we simulated a sample of 11 475 optical spectra of galaxies containing 496 monochromatic fluxes. The statistical model and the optimum number of clusters are given in Fisher-EM by the integrated completed likelihood (ICL) criterion. We repeated the analyses several times to assess the robustness of the results.

Results. Two distinct classifications can be distinguished in the case of the noiseless spectra. The classification with more than 13 clusters disappears when noise is added, while the classification with 12 clusters is very robust against noise down to a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 3. At S/N = 1, the optimum is 5 clusters, but the classification is still compatible with the previous classification. The distribution of the parameters used for the simulation shows an excellent discrimination between classes. A higher dispersion both in the spectra within each class and in the parameter distribution leads us to conclude that despite a much higher ICL, the classification with more than 13 clusters in the noiseless case is not physically relevant.

Conclusions. This study yields two conclusions that are valid at least for the Fisher-EM algorithm. Firstly, the unsupervised classification of spectra of galaxies is both reliable and robust to noise. Secondly, such analyses are able to extract the useful physical information contained in the spectra and to build highly meaningful classifications. In an epoch of data-driven astrophysics, it is important to trust unsupervised machine-learning approaches that do not require training samples that are unavoidably biased.
Pure-mode correlation functions for cosmic shear and application to KiDS-1000
Authors: Schneider Peter , Asgari Marika , Jozani Yasaman Najafi , Dvornik Andrej , Giblin Benjamin , Harnois-Déraps Joachim , Heymans Catherine , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Hoekstra Henk , Kuijken Konrad , Shan HuanYuan , Tröster Tilman , Wright Angus H.
Published: May 2022

One probe for systematic effects in gravitational lensing surveys is the presence of so-calledBmodes in the cosmic shear two-point correlation functions,ξ±(ϑ), since lensing is expected to produce onlyE-mode shear. Furthermore, there exist ambiguous modes that cannot uniquely be assigned to eitherE- orB-mode shear. In this paper we derive explicit equations for the pure-mode shear correlation functions,ξ±E/B(ϑ), and their ambiguous components,ξ±amb(ϑ), that can be derived from the measuredξ±(ϑ) on a finite angular interval,ϑmin ≤ ϑ ≤ ϑmax, such thatξ±(ϑ) can be decomposed uniquely into pure-mode functions asξ+ = ξ+E+ξ+B+ξ+ambandξ− = ξ−E−ξ−B+ξ−amb. The derivation is obtained by defining a new set of Complete Orthogonal Sets ofEandBmode-separating Integrals (COSEBIs), for which explicit relations are obtained and which yields a smaller covariance between COSEBI modes. We derive the relation betweenξ±E/B/amband the underlyingE- andB-mode power spectra. The pure-mode correlation functions can provide a diagnostic of systematics in configuration space. We then apply our results to Scinet LIght Cone Simulations (SLICS) and the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-1000) cosmic shear data, calculate the new COSEBIs and the pure-mode correlation functions, as well as the corresponding covariances, and show that the new statistics fit equally well to the best fitting cosmological model as the previous KiDS-1000 analysis and recover the same level of (insignificant)Bmodes. We also consider in some detail the ambiguous modes at the first- and second-order level, finding some surprising results. For example, the shear field of a point mass, when cut along a line through the center, cannot be ascribed uniquely to anE-mode shear and is thus ambiguous; additionally, the shear correlation functions resulting from a random ensemble of point masses, when measured over a finite angular range, correspond to an ambiguous mode.