bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shatapushpa Taila: An Ayurvedic Formulation for Menstrual Problems
Authors: S Singh
Published: January 2024

Disease and modern world are mimic to each other. Ayurvedic medicines are becoming increasingly popular with having many benefits in chronic disorders in today’s era. Shatapushpa (an Ayurvedic herb) commonly known as dill. It grows annually and is known for its aromatic leaves and seeds. It enhances female health, boosts breast milk production, soothes joint pains, cures urinary complaints, calms boils and swellings and manages PCOS. According to Acharya Kashyapa in Kalp Sthana, Shatapushpa is just like nectar to the women who suffer from menstrual problems like amenorrhea, menometrorrhagia, oligomenorrhoea, infertility, early menopause, absence of menarche etc. Shatapushpa can be used in powder, decoction and oil form. In this article we will discuss about Taila (oil) form of Shatapushpa and their action on menstrual problems. Acharya Kashyapa and Charaka mentioned the preparation of Shatapushpa Taila and its Taila should be used in the form of Nasya, Pana, Snehana, Abhyanga, and Basti.
Critical Evaluation of Ayurvedic Rasa Pariksha (Gustatory Examination) in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diseases WSR to Modern Gustometry
Authors: SD Waghe
Published: January 2024

Ancient Ayurvedic acharyas have described many clinical methods to diagnose the disease. Rasa Pariksha (Gustatory examination) is one of them. Acharya Charaka, described this test in Vimansthana and Indriyasthana separately. The sense of taste and smell are related to each other as both use same type of receptors. There are two aspects of gustatory examination. One is about the taste of body fluids as and another is loss or alteration of taste on tongue. Acharya Charaka, is of the view that, although Gustation is sensory subject, but while testing the taste of various body fluids like urine, sweat, stool etc, it should be tested by inference. For e.g. the sweetness of urine (glycosuria) may be tested by observing the ants to it. By observing the flies on patient’s body physician should assume sweet taste of the body (hyperglycemia). If there is doubt of disease being Raktapitta (coagulopathy), the little amount of blood should be fed to either dog or crow. If they taste it then it is the pure blood. If they do not intend to taste it then it is the Rakta-Pitta. In Ayurveda, animal model was developed to test the taste. It is observed and concluded that, Ayurvedic Rasa pariksha is helpful in diagnosing and prognosing the diseases. As per modern medical science, the four taste qualities, sweet (with sucrose), salty (with sodium chloride), sour (with citric acid), and bitter (with quinine hydrochloride) are assessed. Modern gustometry methods such as • Magnitude Matching • Spatial Testing • Electrogustometry may be used to test the particular loss of taste.
A Critical Review of Stress and its Effect on Agni and Associated Metabolic Disorders
Authors: N Parmar
Published: January 2024

In day-to-day life, people face many types of personal and social stress. In Ayurveda, stress can be correlated with chinta, and dhyan. The appropriate level of stress motivates to complete the task but chronic stress can cause serious mental and physical illness. Acute stress on the one hand is usually associated with diet suppression and weight loss. Hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) may partially explain the anorexic effects of acute stress. CRH stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and releases catecholamine, and in the condition of hypophagia and weight loss, has an effect on the liver and white and brown adipose tissue. On the other hand, prolonged stress can lead to overeating (Especially delicious food), increase intestinal excitability, and Weight gain. In Ayurvedic texts, 13 types of Agni are explained and jathragni Agni is responsible for digestion. Many research shows that people with anxiety are prone to GERD, heartburn, or acid indigestion. In Metabolic disorders metabolic process may be impaired due to enzyme insufficiency, nutrition deficiency, dysfunction of organs like the liver, pancreas, endocrine gland, genetic factors, and sometimes due to stress. This review article is in order to correlate stress, Agni, and metabolic disorder.
A Comprehensive Clinical and Analytical Approach of Hridaya Basti
Authors: H Yadav
Published: January 2024

Hridaya Basti is a Sthanika Basti used over the Urah Pradesh in Hridaya Roga and various other disease of Urah Pradesh. It is similar as of Shirobasti, in which luke warm decoction/ medicated oil is poured over the Urah Pradesh to maintain the Rasa Samvahan (circulation). It is an external approach to many cardio-pulmonary diseases by maintaining the proper flow of blood. It is commonly used in pain condition. It also has beneficial effect on mind and gives strengthening effect to cardiac muscle.
Cultivation, Collection and Conservation of Kutki (Picrorhiza Kurroa Royle Ex Benth.)
Authors: MS Rawat
Published: January 2024

A number of rare, endangered, and threatened species of medicinal plants, including Picrorhiza kurroa, may be found in the state of Uttarakhand, which is situated in the foothills of the Himalaya. Picrorhiza kurrooa's dried roots and stolons were used to make the picrosides I, II, III, V, and Kutkoside are responsible for its significant medicinal benefits. Due to the substantial demand on both domestic and foreign markets, this species is being exploited in the wild. In Western Himalaya (India), the conservation status of this species is either endangered or rare. The studies on this species genetic diversity and conservation have elevated its importance in recent years. The prime aim is to safeguard and sustain this species' evolutionary viability and to enhance the chances of its survival and persistence in a changing environment. This article gives a brief overview of the Garhwal Himalayan region's efforts to conserve this species through cultivation.
Role of Ultra-High Dilutions of Homoeopathic Medicines in Increasing Blood Oxygen Saturation Levels in Patients under Palliative Treatment– A Case Series Study Using Pulse-Oximeter Levels
Authors: Nair Arun R
Published: January 2024

Background: Oxygen is one of the most important elements that support the life. So, the demand and delivery of oxygen should be well balanced in order to maintain homeostasis in our body. The maintenance of this homeostasis and oxygen delivery revolves around respiratory and cardiovascular system of our body. Thus, any dysfunction or abnormal function to these systems can leads to an imbalance in homeostasis causing hypoxemia and their complication including multi-organ dysfunction. Objective: To obtain an effective homoeopathic management for hypoxemia in patients under palliative care by using ultrahigh dilutions of various homoeopathic medicines and by thus improving the Quality of Life of the patient. Methods: The methodology comprises of selection of patients from palliative care unit of Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College, Kulasekharam, whose SpO2 level falls between 95%-80% by the help of a pulse-oximeter and after the selection of patient appropriate ultra-high dilutions of homoeopathic medicine will be administered. Results: From this study, it was observed that Homoeopathic treatment with oxygen therapy can improve Hypoxemia as well as Quality of Life (using 15D-HRQoL) in hypoxemic patients under palliative care treatment. Conclusion: With Homoeopathic intervention, we can alleviate the sufferings of Hypoxemic patients in palliative care treatment.
Role of Ayurvedic Herbs in the Management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
Authors: HK Singhal
Published: January 2024

Ayurvedic system of medicine has a treasury of description of several Ayurveda herbs that elevate the mental as well as intellectual power primarily claimed as 'Medhya'. Firstly, the Rasayana drugs which are mentioned in Charaka Samhita called 'Medhya Rasayana' are supposed to be having specific influence on brain functions. Cognitive deficit can be present from birth or result from environmental causes such as brain damage, mental illness, or neurological abnormalities. This causes significant restrictions to the ability to learn and operate, like in ADHD. Sufferer of this clinical entity children stay confused, unable to do daily routine work normally, face difficulty in learning and understanding, unable to focus on one thing at a time. In Ayurvedic literature, impairment of memory is mentioned as Smriti bhramsha which occurs due to vitiation of Raja and Tama dosha. It has been noted that cognitive functions are thoroughly affected due to stress, anxiety and other related psychological disorders. It has been explained that Medha (intellect) and Buddhi (wisdom) get deteriorated in this condition. Some features of ADHD are resembled with Unmada. Medhya drugs mentioned in Ayurveda have multi-dimensional actions including effect on memory. These not only enhance the intellectual capacity but also rejuvenate the whole body system and their pathways. This review article delineates the introduction of ADHD, its Ayurvedic association and the herbs that are effective in management of ADHD.
An Outlook of Plantar Fasciitis with Correlation in Ayurveda as Vatakantaka
Authors: C Kanika
Published: January 2024

Pain is an unfavourable sensation that brings an individual to the physician due to a halt from his routine works. Heel pain is commonly found in society which experiences severe pain, tenderness and restricted movements fortunately in some of these pain subsides within short period, but unfortunately as many as these pains reoccur and may get converted in diseases like VATAKANTAKA (PLANTAR FASCIITIS). Vatakantaka can be properly compared to plantar fasciitis based on its pathophysiology and clinical presentation, and it responds quite well to ayurvedic treatment. Ayurveda defines “Vatakantaka” as being brought on by vitiated Vata at Gulfa Sandhi Pradesh, as stated by Acharya Charaka, Sushruta, and Vagbhata .Chronic plantar fascia irritation and fibrous tissue deterioration without new fibrous tissue development are the pathology of plantar fasciitis. Vatakantaka can be properly compared to plantar fasciitis based on its pathophysiology and clinical presentation, and it responds quite well to ayurvedic treatment.
Clinical Efficacy of Shatapushpa Taila Matra Basti in PCOS – A Case Study
Authors: S Singh
Published: January 2024

The most prevalent reproductive health issues in adolescent girls face nowadays are irregular periods, acne, and obesity. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the underlying condition that causes these issues in the most severe way. Initially, PCOS was only thought to be associated to infertility, but it is now well-established that for many people, it begins during puberty and lasts until menopause. In addition to contributing significantly to infertility, the associated endocrine and metabolic disorders with PCOS raise women's risk for type II diabetes mellitus, chronic heart disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyper-insulinemia, and obesity. In order to avoid the problems listed above, it is crucial to treat this illness as soon as possible, not just from the perspective of infertility. One of the Panchakarma procedures is called Basti, in which medicine is given through the anal region, urinary region, or vaginal region in the form of Kwatha or Sneha. The most successful therapies for Artava Kshaya are Basti Chikitsa. A 24-year-old female patient arrived to the OPD and complained of hair loss, acne, weight gain and menstrual irregularities. A USG abdominal scan identified PCOS. The patient sought out Ayurvedic treatment because she had tried numerous allopathic treatments without success. She was therefore treated in accordance with the Artava Kshaya fundamental course of treatment in Ayurveda. With the Ayurvedic treatment, remarkable changes in the ovaries and in menstrual bleeding were seen.
An Ayurvedic Approach in Management of Vatarakta
Authors: P Mishra
Published: January 2024

In present era Vatarakta is a common metabolic disorder which disturbs day-today life of the patients. It is a SantarpanaJanya Vyadhi, caused due to Avarana pathology. Compared with the other Vatavyadhi, Vata-rakta possesses a special place in the literature, due to its high prevalence (0.2 to 3.5 per 1000, with an overall prevalence of 2 to 26 per 1000) in the society, increased incidence as age advances, step-wise succession, and so on. It is correlated with gout in modern science due to similarities of symptoms between them. Incidence of Vatarakta is increasing Day by day. It is creating a lot of concern all over the world as it is causing serious complications with disabilities to human. Considering this fact, it was decided to do write an article on Vatarakta. All the material related to article has been collected from classical Ayurvedic texts and various published research article on Vatarakta. The purpose of this study was to investigate the understanding of Vatarakta with its treatment protocol and to compile the results of various Vatarakta-related studies.
Implication of Ayurveda in the Management of Apasmara (Epilepsy) – Case Study
Authors: S Rawat
Published: January 2024

Epilepsy affects 1% of the world’s population a most common serious disorder of the brain, greatly impacting on the quality of life of affected individuals. In Ayurveda, the similar presentation is named as Apasmara has been explained with its aetiology, diagnosis and management. Imbalance in the three Doshas Vata, Pitta, Kapha singly or all of them together can cause Apasmara. Those aggravated Doshas get accumulated in Hridya and produce the features based upon Doshika predominance which cause illusion of the mind and visual hallucination and seizures (tonic spasms and clonic jerks) often it is presented with outwarding tongue, deviation of eyes, dribbling of saliva with froth, tonic and clonic movements of limbs. Even though medical world claims of the advancements in the management of Apasmara drugs don’t work as they expect. The present Anti-epileptic drugs medication has so many drawbacks like adverse drug interaction and teratogenicity, cognitive impairment to an extent is also seen in some patients with epilepsy. An 18-year male patient arrived to the OPD and complained of seizure attack from last 6 years. The patient sought out ayurvedic treatment because he had tried numerous allopathic treatments but did not get significant result. With the Ayurvedic treatment, remarkable changes in the symptoms of Epilepsy were seen.
Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda in the Management of Cerebral Palsy: A Critical Review
Authors: B Mahor
Published: January 2024

Children are the strength of a nation. Childhood period is the foundation of the life and it is here that seeds for healthy life are laid down; disabled children are of great concern to family as well as the society. Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the leading cause of chronic disability in children, making them socially apart. According to WHO (World Health Organization) approximation, in India estimated incidence of Cerebral Palsy is around 3 / 1000 live births. CP is the manifestation of intrauterine pathologies, intrapartum complications, and the postnatal sequel, especially among preterm neonates. A double hit model theory is proposed suggesting that an intrauterine condition along with intrapartum or postnatal insult lead to the development of CP. Swedana (fomentation) is defined as the process by which the sweat or perspiration is produced in the body by using various methods. Inducing perspiration by using heated round Pinda (bolus) of special rice i.e. Shashtika Shali prepared in milk and processed with herbal decoction is referred as Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda. This belongs to the category of Agni sweda as well as Snigdha sweda. A pinda (bolus) made up of Shashtika Shali (a type of rice harvested in 60 days) prepared in milk processed with herbal decoction is tied in bolus to rub against the whole body or afflicted part of the body so as to provide heat, nutrition and strength to the pain afflicted joints, muscles or body parts. Shashtika Shali pinda Swedana is found to be effective against various symptom of CP.
Education for Wellbeing: A Missionary Reservation by Brendan Carmody
Authors: Carmody Brendan
Published: January 2024

I grew up in rural Ireland during the 1950s. After primary school, I attended boarding school. Obtaining a secondary education was, at that time, a luxury afforded to only a small number of children in Ireland.
Social Entrepreneurship in Physical Education: A Move for the Future
Authors: Shirotriya Awadhesh Kumar
Published: January 2024

In this article, we offer to infuse social entrepreneurship (SE) into physical education (PE) programs in schools. SE is an approach undertaken with the explicit objective of addressing societal problems. Physical inactivity in adolescents is a global public health problem. The recent global status report of WHO on physical activity (PA) 2022 noted that the WHO's recommended levels of PA are now not being met by 81% of adolescents which affects not only people's life throughout them and their families but also the health care system and society at large. An ever-growing body of literature suggests schools are an ideal location for addressing youth physical inactivity. However, PE teachers taking on the role of social entrepreneurs to make PE more meaningful has not been suggested. Although this serves as a conceptual framework we leave the reader with some practical suggestions.
Structural Inequalities: Obstacles to Promoting Collective Health
Authors: Leal Daniela de Ulyssea
Published: January 2024

Health, illness and care are socially determined, varying according to times, places and cultures, so that the organization of actions, health services and social support networks needs to be planned and managed according to the needs of the population in a given territory
Mental Health Issues and Coping Mechanism adopted by Primary Healthcare Workers against COVID-19: A Study in Northwestern State of India
Authors: Srivastava Ambey Kumar
Published: January 2024

Background: The healthcare providers (HCWs) of primary health facilities suffered with dual burden of work, as they had to deliver COVID-19 related services along with routine work, which put immense strain on their capacities. Objective: To assess the prevalence of mental health issues among HCWs of public primary health facilities and understand the coping mechanisms adopted by them during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: It is a cross-sectional study, conducted by administering telephonic and self-administered questionnaires with a sample of 272 HCWs from 24 public primary healthcare facilities of 13 districts in the state of Rajasthan. Result: 76.2% had a fear of getting infected, whereas 56.3% were not able to spend time with family, and 41% had less time for rest while working in the pandemic. The pandemic impacted the lives of HCWs beyond the workplace, significantly affecting their personal lives as well, leading to mental health-related issues. 53% of HCWs experienced depression ‘sometimes’, followed by anger, boredom, irritability, and fear. Age and type of residence were found to be significantly associated with mental health issues. Exercise (44.9%), followed by yoga (29.4%), and meditation (22.8%) were a few coping mechanisms adopted by HCWs. Conclusion: The impact of COVID-19 on mental health varied with the background characteristics like age, sex, residence, workplace, and nature of work. There is a need to create a resilient health system to support s in primary health facilities.
An Observational Study on Prescription Pattern of Antibiotics Using WHO Indicators in Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Care–A Need for Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Bhuvana Darawadi
Published: January 2024

Background: Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine, playing a pivotal role in treating infectious diseases and preventing life-threatening complications. However, antibiotic misuse and overuse have resulted in the emergence to antibiotic resistance, posing a hazard to global public health. As a result of the rising epidemic, it has become critical to investigate and correct antibiotic prescribing behaviors in primary and secondary care settings. This environment allows for an observational research that evaluates antibiotic prescribing trends using World Health Organization (WHO) indicators and emphasizes the critical need for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs). As assessment metrics, the WHO indicators such as the proportion of antibiotics prescribed by class, the percentage of antibiotics administered without a recognized diagnosis, and the percentage of antibiotics prescribed from the essential medications list were used. Aim: This observative study aimed to assess the prescription patterns of antibiotics in primary and secondary care settings using the World Health Organization (WHO) indicators and to highlight the pressing need for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) to combat this critical issue. Methods: The study was conducted on total no of 351 patients were included and studied in which 176 patients from primary care setting and 185 patients from primary, secondary and tertiary care setting with their respective prescribed antibiotics for a period of 6 months at apollo hospitals, apex hospitals on those who had age above 20. All prescription records containing antibiotics within a defined time period of will be included in the sample. Results: The inferential statistics results showed that the A p-value of 6.4E-25 is an extremely small p-value in the context of a statistical test, such as a chi-square test. This value represents a highly significant result, which representing there is significant variance in the prescription of antibiotics. The analysis of inpatient antibiotic usage revealed that a substantial proportion of patients (89.3%) received antibiotic treatment during their hospital stay. However, when assessing the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions, it was found that only 74.1% of antibiotic-containing prescriptions met the criteria for proper use, suggesting a potential area for improvement in antibiotic prescribing practices within the inpatient and outpatient setting. Conclusion: This observative study sheds light on the suboptimal prescription patterns of antibiotics in primary and secondary care, emphasizing the critical role of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in addressing this issue. These programs are essential for preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics, safeguarding public health, and mitigating the looming threat of antibiotic resistance
Comment for "The Importance of Health Management in Developing Countries; Choosing a Health Champion or a Slaughterhouse Executioner"
Authors: Stangl Jorge Mandl
Published: January 2024

Improving population health is a challenge facing all countries, both developed and developing. As healthcare has become more complex and specialised, management faces serious governance gaps. The current service delivery system is not robust enough to apply knowledge and technology in a consistent, safe, effective, timely and efficient manner, as argued by authors Kalavani and Akhondzardainien in a recent article published in the Journal of Quality in Health Care & Economics
Pharmaceutical Applications and Importance of Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: NK Sahoo
Published: January 2024

Innovative instrumentation, highlighted by portable and imaging instruments, chemometrics data multivariate processing, and new and valuable applications are presented and discussed. Because of these advances, this mature analytical technique is continually experiencing renewed interest. The drawbacks and misuses of the technique and its supporting mathematical tools are also addressed. The principal achievements in the field are shown in a critical manner, in order to understand why the technique has found intensive application in the most diverse and modern areas of analytical importance during the last ten years. This paper intends to review the basic theory of Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy and its applications in the field of Analytical Science. It is addressed to the reader who does not have a profound knowledge of vibrational spectroscopy but wants to be introduced to the analytical potentialities of this fascinating technique and, at same time, be conscious of its limitations. Essential theory background, an outline of modern instrument design, practical aspects, and applications in a number of different fields are presented. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a relatively new and increasingly widespread brain imaging technique, particularly suitable for use with young infants. The technique employs near-infrared light to assess the concentration changes of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, accompanying local brain activity. The basic physical, physiological, and neural principles underlying the use of NIRS and some of the existing developmental studies are reviewed. Issues concerning technological improvements, parameter optimization, possible experimental designs, and data analysis techniques are also discussed and illustrated.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Screening of Schiff bases derived from 4, 6-difluoro-2-amino Benzothiazole
Authors: Bhatt Keyur D
Published: January 2024

Novel benzothiazole Schiff bases namely N-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-4,6-difluorobenzothiazole-2-amine; 4,6-difluoro-N-(4- nitrobenzylidene)benzothiazol-2-amine and N-((1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-4,6-difluorobenzothiazole-2-amine have been synthesized from condensation reaction of 4,6-difluoro-2-amino benzothiazole with different aromatic aldehydes like 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and 1H-indole-3-cardaldehyde. The structures of all the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, Mass and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. Schiff bases have been screened for antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi by using MIC determination. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of ligands were assayed against gram positive (S. Aureus, B.Subtilis), gram negative bacteria (S. Marcescens, E. coli) and Rhizopus sp. and A. Niger. The standard drugs ketoconazole and ciprofloxacin were used to screen antimicrobial activity
Water Quality Evaluation of Abakpa River in Ogoja Local Government Area Cross River State
Authors: EE Etim
Published: January 2024

The quality of water in Abakpa River was investigated in this study. The physical, chemical, and bacteriological parameters were evaluated. The results showed that the temperature, conductivity, total chlorine, free chlorine, nitrate, nitrite were within the recommended WHO and NISDWQ standards and pH result showed a value of 5.72 which is acidic and falls below the recommended standards of 6.50-8.50 by WHO and NISDWQ. The total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids, were below the permissible limits by WHO standards. Bacteriological parameters showed that the water sample had no coliform (total coliform) and Ecoli contamination; hence, water from the river is suitable for consumption. In order to maintain the current quality status of the river water in the area, sewage and refuse disposals should be avoided, regular monitoring by relevant authorities concerned as well as proper treatment of the water before making it available to the public were suggested. The results of this study may vary with other research, due to changes in environmental factors, climate change and hence indigenes should be sensitized on the health hazards associated with the direct or indirect pollution of the river to protect the health and well-being of the community
Morphological and Essential Oils Diversities among Twelve Tunisian Mentha spp. Accessions
Authors: Alibakhshikenari Morteza
Published: January 2024

Eight quantitative and thirteen qualitative traits were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Significant differences have been showed between the accessions and the cluster analysis revealed five main groups within the mint collection. The first group (accession 1) was identified as M.aquatica L.; the second group (accession 12) was identified as M.pulegium L.; the third group (accession 3), was identified as M.longifolia L.; the fourth group (accession 8) was identified as M.rotundifolia L.; and the fifth group (accessions 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11) was identified as M.spicata L. Thereafter, phytochemical diversity of these accessions was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-FID and GC-MS). 52 essential oil constituents were identified, representing 78-100% of total essential oils. Cluster analysis of quantitative and qualitative diversity of these essential oils identified four groups. The first (accession 1) was characterized by linalool (47.02%), 1.8-Cineol (8.75%) and linalyl acetate (13.90%); the second (accessions 3 and 12) was characterized by pulegone (59.08 to 60.06%) and menthone (12.06 to19.72%); the third group (accession 8) was characterized by piperitone oxide (74.25%); and the fourth group (accessions 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 11) was characterized by carvone (53.71-75.53%), limonene (17.85-10.15%) and 1.8-Cineol (9.6%).
The Relevance of Immunological System in Cancer Progression
Authors: Johnkennedy Nnodim
Published: January 2024

Cancer cells can even turn off the immune response so that the immune cells don't attack them. Also, persons with cancer actually have a weakened immune system. The immune system gets less effective when the cancer itself affects the bone marrow. The weakness of immune can equally results from cancer treatment, like chemotherapy or radiation therapy which affects the bone marrow. The immune system is the body's defense mechanism: it mainly protects the body from the harmful effects of pathogens as well as cancer cells. It has been reported that, cancer cells can escape detection and elimination and form tumors. This tumor can weaken the immune response. When normal cells turn into cancer cells, some of the antigens on their surface may change. If the immune system notices the foreign antigens, it launches the body’s defenders, including killer T cells, NK cells, and macrophages. But the immune system cannot patrol everywhere to provide body wide surveillance, flushing out and eliminating all cells that become cancerous. Tumors develop when the immune system is overwhelmed.
Comparative Analytic Epidemiology of Plasmodium Parasitized Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary Health Care Facility in Port Harcourt, Niger Delta
Authors: o Azuonwu
Published: January 2024

Malaria remains a public health burden in Nigeria. This study compared and determined the prevalence of malaria parasites and other possible risk factors among pregnant and non-pregnant women in Port Harcourt. A total of 200 blood samples (capillary) were collected from 100 pregnant and 100 non-pregnant women as a control through convenience sampling technique research design. The subjects for the study were drawn from women attending antenatal clinic in Braithwaite Memorial Hospital Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Thick and thin films were made on clean grease free glass slide and stained after drying with 3% solution of Giemsa stain to detect and identify the species of malaria parasites. SPSS version 21 was used to estimate frequency and percentage outcome. The results showed that out of 100 slides examined for pregnant women, 68% had malaria infection while 32% were negative. There were high prevalence rate of malaria infection among pregnant women of 20-23 years and 32-35 years age group while those ≥ 40 years showed least rate of 33%. The control samples showed infection rate of 71% with 29% negative. Showing that, non-pregnant women have a high prevalence rate when compared to pregnant women. It was discovered that illiterate pregnant women showed high prevalence rate than their educated counterparts. The use of indigenous (drug) herbs by some pregnant women proved 100% sensitive to P. falciparum as none were positive for malaria infection as captured through the administration of well-structured questionnaire. Intermittent treatment is therefore, recommended and further robust research should be channelled towards indigenous (drug) herbs for malaria treatment, especially in the developing communities. There is also urgent need for more inclusive malaria public health education in the region, especially among the vulnerable groups.
An Unhealthy Lifestyle Significantly Reduces the Reproductive Capacity of the Population
Authors: S Franjic
Published: January 2024

The frequency of infertility is increasing today, and improved diagnostics and therapy play a big role in this, as well as the fact that more and more couples seek medical help due to suspicion of this problem. However, the fact that an unhealthy lifestyle and bad habits significantly affect the general and thus the reproductive health of an individual, both women and men, cannot be disputed. All of this together contributes to the fact that today more and more couples struggle with this diagnosis.
Performance Evaluation of Elite Durum Wheat Genotypes for Yield and Stem Rust Response
Authors: Ishetu Yewubdar Shewaye
Published: January 2024

Durum wheat is one of the most important crops worldwide and Ethiopia is the major producer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, there is a huge gap between domestic production and demand in Ethiopia. Hence, getting high yielder with resistant for multiple races of rusts especially for stem rust became challenging. This could be due to limited availability of resistance to multiple stem rust races coupled with the rapid occurrence and spread of virulent races of stem rust. Hence, objective of this study is to identify high yielding and stem rust resistant genotypes and use them as parents in the breeding program and advance to national variety trial to select for wide adaptability. Sixty advanced genotypes were evaluated across three locations during 2020/21 cropping season. The trial was set up using row-column design in two replications. Data on grain yield, yield related traits and stem rust were collected. Stem rust was scored following the modified Cobb’s scale. Under high disease pressure the genotypes showed disease response and severity variations from RMR to S and from 5% to 100%, respectively indicating the presenece of variation for stem rust response. There were also genotypes which showed suceptable reaction and high grain yield and yield related traits. Hence, this may be due to minor gene resistance to stem rust. Generally, about 13 genotypes had good grian yield, thousand kernel weight and stem rust resistance. We can recommend these genotypes to test across country for their wide adaptability and as a parents for crossing.
Effect of Opuntia joconostle Fraction Rich in Flavonoids on Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Cells A549
Authors: R Silva Torres
Published: January 2024

In Mexico, the use of plants has been traditionally used as an alternative treatment for various diseases, the Opuntia joconostle (xoconstle) has presented in several studies antioxidant activity, cytotoxic in cancer cells, hypoglycemic action and this because it is a very nutrient-rich fruit. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the extract fraction of Opuntia joconostle on lung carcinoma cell line A459. The ethanolic extract of Opuntia joconostle was obtained by maceration, and then it was made preliminary phytochemical tests given positive for, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, reducing sugars and phenolic compounds. Subsequently, the chemical compounds were separated by column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography, which fraction 8-14 was obtained. To evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the fraction on viability was evaluated in the A549 cell line. The results of the fraction presented diminishing of cell viability up to 99.9 % in lung carcinoma cells.
Biopotency of Gynandropsis Gynandra L., against Aflatoxin B1- Induced Rats with Reference to Tumour Marker Enzymes
Authors: S Dhandayuthapani
Published: January 2024

Gynandropsis gynandra L., has been reported to be useful in treatment of various ailments in the Indian system of medicine. We proposed to investigate the biopotency of G.gynandra extract against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. A significant increase (p<0.001) in the activities of cancer marker enzymes γ-GT, LDH, ALP and 5| -NT in serum, liver and kidney with a significant elevation in the serum transaminases with a concomitant decrease in the liver and kidney transaminases activities in AFB1-induced HCC bearing rats were observed when compared with the normal control rats. Treatment with the drug GGE showed a significant reversal of the activities of all the enzymes both in serum and liver. These results indicate that G. gynandra extract could potentially modulate the cancer marker enzymes and thus could elicit suppressive activity on tumour growth in AFB1-induced male albino rats.
Occupational Radiation Hazards and Competency Assessment
Authors: A Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Non-ionizing radiation is the energy traveling through space and is crucial to life, but extreme exposures will cause tissue damage and mutations. The ionizing radiations have sufficient energy due to high frequency and may cause DNA damage. Radiation sources are prevalent in occupational settings, like hospitals, research institutions, nuclear reactors, nuclear weapon production facilities. On earth, sunlight is the most common source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Man-made UV sources include UV lamps, arc welding, and mercury vapor lamps. The UV radiation is extensively used in industrial processes and medical and dental practices for a variety of purposes. Excessive exposure to UV radiation is associated with skin cancer, sunburn, accelerated skin aging, and eye disease. The new wireless technology appliances have been used extensively without studying their hazardous effects on society. For instance, the issue of so-called non-thermal effects and potential long-term effects of low-dose exposure were barely examined before the introduction of these technologies. These hazardous sources of radiation can pose a considerable health risk to the workers if not adequately controlled. This review provides a starting point for technical and regulatory information regarding the recognition, evaluation, and control of occupational radiation health hazards.
Ganglioneuronal Differentiation in Ewings Sarcoma of the Chest Wall (Askin Tumour): An Uncommon Post-Chemotherapy Change
Authors: KG Kiruthiga
Published: January 2024

Ewing sarcoma is classified under undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas of bone and soft tissue. Such tumours arising in the chest wall were previously called Askin’s tumour, however this terminology is not preferred at present. These tumours classically have a small round cell morphology and fusion of FET family of genes (usually EWSR1) with a member of the ETS family of transcription factors. Rare cases of Ewing sarcoma are found to have extensive neural differentiation with ganglion cells and neuropil at diagnosis as well as following chemotherapy. We report a 12 year old boy who presented with a large mass in the right hemi-thorax, which was diagnosed as Ewing sarcoma with EWSR1 translocation by FISH. However, following four cycles of chemotherapy (Vincristine, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosphamide and etoposide), the resection specimen showed predominantly neural differentiation mimicking a ganglioneuroma with only small areas of small round cell component. EWSR1 translocation was also demonstrated in the resection specimen. After a period of nine months, the child presented with recurrence at the same site and was treated with Irinotecan, cyclophosphamide with topotecan and temozolamide giving excellent clinical response. In this paper, we emphasize the rare occurrence of extensive neural differentiation in Ewing sarcoma and the need to revisit the upfront chemotherapy protocols for patients who exhibit this rare phenomenon
Pollutants in Food an Improvement in Pathogenesis
Authors: A Steardo
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review is to collect the most important information on the effect of pollutants in food to improve the basic knowledge of pathogenetic pathways. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the Cochrane Library and PubMed MESH. Methods’ section explains clearly how the research is set. Results: Concomitant intake of pollutants can be either absorbed or causes illnesses the food itself might help the organism to take over the nefarious presence of the pollutant itself. Conclusion: The survey should sensitise the regulatory framework on pollutants and the way to improve health care and most of all the toxicologic knowledge of these substances.
Comparing the Quality of Life of Caregivers for Patients with Hematologic and Solid Malignancies in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: E Aldouseri
Published: January 2024

Cancer incidence is escalating globally, and the Middle East, including Kuwait, is no exception. This study delves into a comparative analysis of the Quality of Life (QOL) experienced by caregivers for patients with hematologic and solid malignancies in Kuwait. The prevalence of cancer in Kuwait is rising, becoming the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Colorectal and breast cancer are predominant forms, with an increased occurrence in females. Notably, haematological malignancies, rooted partly in consanguineous marriages, exhibit a distinct prevalence pattern, accounting for a significant proportion of deaths. Kuwait has made substantial investments in bone marrow transplantation programs to address this issue. To understand the impact of caregiving on the QOL of individuals supporting cancer patients, a cross-sectional study was conducted. Caregivers were recruited from the Kuwait Cancer Control Centre outpatient clinics between February 25 and March 25, 2020. Caregivers’ QOL was assessed using the Caregiver Quality of Life Cancer Index (CQoLC) through face-to-face interviews. The study aimed to determine if caregivers were adequately informed before their patients’ discharge and analyse reasons for non-participation. Previous research on caregiver QOL has predominantly focused on Western societies, while this study addresses the Kuwaiti context. The expectation is that findings will contrast with Western studies due to unique cultural and societal dynamics, where women play a pivotal role in caregiving. While males may experience reduced QOL due to work-home time constraints, female caregivers in Arab countries tend to be efficient, albeit with potential skill deficiencies. The study enrolled 117 caregivers, with 65 supporting patients with solid malignancies and 52 caring for hematologic malignancy patients. The demographic characteristics of caregivers were analysed, revealing trends related to age, gender, marital status, employment, education, and living arrangements. Caregivers of solid malignancy patients displayed higher levels of burden compared to hematologic malignancy caregivers, with emotional strain, worry, and sadness being significant factors. While there was a notable refusal rate among potential participants, the study’s insights are valuable. To enhance the QOL of caregivers, especially those supporting outpatient cases, targeted interventions such as palliative care and training programs are crucial. The economic burden on caregivers necessitates policies addressing financial support. The findings of this study contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve the QOL of caregivers in Kuwait, thereby alleviating the multifaceted challenges posed by cancer and its care. This research underscores the importance of tailoring interventions to the specific cultural, social, and economic context of Kuwait to optimize caregiver well-being and patient outcomes.
The Token Transition-Minimal Deviation AdenocarcinomaUterine Cervix
Authors: A Bajaj
Published: January 2024

Gastric type adenocarcinoma is a high grade, frequently discerned mucinous adenocarcinoma with gastric differentiation incriminating the endocervical canal. Of obscure aetiology, neoplasm depicts STK11 genetic mutations with chromosome 3q gain and chromosome 1p loss. Tumefaction exhibits cytological and histological features of gastric differentiation as tumour cells incorporated with voluminous, clear or pale, foamy, eosinophilic cytoplasm, tall, abundant, apical mucin, miniature, spherical, elliptical or enlarged, basal nuclei, irregular, vesicular chromatin and prominent nucleoli. The well differentiated neoplasm is comprised of well defined glandular articulations and minimal to absent stromal desmoplastic reaction. Neoplastic glands of variable outline, magnitude and irregular or claw-like glandular contour are observed. Tumour cells appear immune reactive to HIK1083, MUC6, p53, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or mCEA, CK7, PAX8, CAIX or HNF-1B. Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma requires segregation from neoplasms such as human papillomavirus (HPV) associated endocervical adenocarcinoma, human papillomavirus (HPV) associated endocervical adenocarcinomas intestinal(goblet cell) type, clear cell adenocarcinoma, invasive stratified mucin producing adenocarcinoma, metastatic gastric or pancreaticobiliary carcinoma, lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia, atypical lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia, diffuse laminar endocervical glandular hyperplasia, tunnel clusters, florid deep glands, microglandular hyperplasia, pseudo-infiltrative tubal metaplasia, endocervicosis, endosalpingosis or endocervical type adenomyoma. Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma can be adequately categorized upon histological examination of tissue obtained with surgical sampling. Stage I tumours may be managed with surgical procedures as trachelectomy or radical hysterectomy and regional lymphadenectomy upon initial disease representation
Social Work Practice with the Trans Community
Authors: Roy Sanjoy
Published: January 2024

Gender identification relates to a person’s sense of self as being female, male, or otherwise gendered (possibly transgendered, or not gendered at all), whereas sexual orientation refers to an individual’s emotional and sexual affinities towards another person. People who identify as transgendered seek the assistance of social workers for a wide range of reasons. On a broader scale, social workers participate in political advocacy activities to guarantee that members of the transgender community have full access to their civil rights. Social workers are obligated by the NASW Code of Ethics (2000) to serve vulnerable and oppressed populations, to remove discrimination based on sex, and to pursue societal change to ensure the well-being of all persons. This article includes findings from a rapid evaluation of research that connects to trans individuals and social work. The paper’s objective is to investigate the role of transgender studies in the discourse of social work.
Aggressive Angiomyxoma of the Cervix: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Gunarathna Sameera
Published: January 2024

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a rare mesenchymal, locally aggressive tumour that mainly involves the vulval region of young females. It is characteristically a soft unencapsulated and poorly circumscribed mass, with a smooth external surface. The microscopic appearance is characterized by a myxoid, glistening cut surface and indistinct outlines. Although it is a slow-growing tumour, AA has a marked tendency to local recurrence. Surgical resection is the main treatment modality with a good prognosis, however long-term follow-up is necessary due to its high local recurrence rate. Alternative treatment options include hormonal treatment, due to the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in tumour cells. Hormonal therapies with tamoxifen, raloxifene or GnRH analogues have been shown to reduce the tumour size and help to achieve nearcomplete resection in large tumours. There are no guidelines in the postoperative management of AA. However, due to the high recurrence rate and potential morbidity associated with undiagnosed recurrences, several authors have recommended periodic evaluations up to 15 years after initial treatment.