bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disease activity in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
Authors:   , de Ruiter Ruben Daniel
Published: February 2025

We used primary dermal fibroblasts from FOP patients to study Activin A production and its regulation by inflammatory cytokines in FOP in a cell model. Remarkably, FOP fibroblasts exhibited higher Activin A production compared to healthy controls, both under standard culture conditions and during osteogenic transdifferentiation. We identified TGFβ1 as a specific stimulant of Activin A in FOP, which led to increased INHBA gene expression and protein levels. Both Activin A and TGFβ1 were induced by BMP4 in fibroblasts from FOP patients and controls. However, treatment with TNFα and IL6 resulted in minimal Activin A and TGFβ1 production in both FOP and control fibroblasts. Our findings reveal that TGFβ1 triggers Activin A production in FOP. Since TGFβ1 can promote the main driver of FOP, it may also be considered a potential therapeutic target for FOP treatment.

After that we performed a further exploration of the clinical pharmacology data from LUMINA-1 (NCT03188666), a phase 2 trial investigating garetosmab (a monoclonal antibody against activin A) in FOP patients. No significant differences were observed in PK or BMP9 concentration-time profiles between patients who did or did not experience serious adverse events. Comparative exposure-response analyses showed no link between trough concentration (Ctrough) and either efficacy or safety. There were no trends indicating that higher serum exposures to garetosmab were associated with a difference in reduction of heterotopic ossification (HO) or increased adverse events.

Chapter 5 is also based on outcomes from the Lumina-1 trial. Here we analysed the dynamic [18F]NaF PET/CTs performed during the trial to study the use of [18F]NaF uptake parameters for routine assessment of disease activity in FOP patients. The uptake was quantified using nonlinear regression (NLR) analysis, standardized uptake value (SUV), and target-to-blood ratio (TBR). The correlation with NLR-derived Ki was higher for TBR (r = 0.92, 95% CI 0.85 – 0.96) than that for SUV (r = 0.81, 95% CI 0.64 – 0.90). This correlation remained consistent at baseline and after one year, supporting the use of TBR for assessing fluoride uptake in PET-active lesions in FOP, with SUV as an acceptable alternative.

Later we used the [18F]NaF PET/CT together with other advanced bone imaging techniques such as the micro-CT, quantitative backscatter electron imaging (qBEI) and circular polarised light (CPL) imaging to investigate the pathophysiology of Eagle syndrome. Eagle syndrome is a rare bone condition characterized by the elongation of the styloid process, causing throat and neck pain, and in severe cases, neurovascular symptoms like syncope and neuralgia. With these techniques we demonstrated that the elongated styloid processes in Eagle syndrome consist of mature bone, capable of endochondral repair, likely growing from the base through endochondral ossification, rather than being a secondary calcification of the stylohyoid ligament as previously speculated.
The Future of Tax Technology in the United States: A Conceptual Framework for AI-Driven Tax Transformation
Authors: Ezeife Enuma , Kokogho Eseoghene , Odio Princess Eloho , Adeyanju Mary Oyenike
Published: February 2025

The future of tax technology in the United States is undergoing a paradigm shift driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital transformation. As tax systems become more complex, AI-powered solutions offer unprecedented opportunities to enhance tax compliance, enforcement, and policy-making. This review explores a conceptual framework for AI-driven tax transformation, examining key technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), robotic process automation (RPA), and blockchain. These innovations are reshaping tax administration by streamlining compliance processes, improving fraud detection, and optimizing tax policy modeling. Machine learning and predictive analytics enable real-time risk assessment and fraud detection, reducing tax evasion while enhancing efficiency. NLP applications, including AI-powered chatbots, are revolutionizing taxpayer interactions by providing automated assistance and legal interpretations. RPA enhances the speed and accuracy of tax return processing, while blockchain technology promotes transparency and data integrity. AI-driven policy modeling further allows governments to simulate tax reforms and optimize revenue collection strategies. Despite its potential, AI-driven tax transformation faces critical challenges, including data security risks, ethical concerns regarding algorithmic bias, and integration hurdles with legacy tax systems. Regulatory adaptation is essential to ensure accountability, fairness, and taxpayer trust in AI-powered tax processes. This paper highlights policy recommendations to foster a balanced approach to AI integration, emphasizing the need for robust regulatory frameworks, public-private collaboration, and AI literacy among tax professionals. By leveraging AI-driven tax technologies, the U.S. can achieve greater efficiency, compliance accuracy, and taxpayer engagement. However, careful implementation, ethical safeguards, and continuous innovation will be key to ensuring an equitable and transparent tax system. This conceptual framework serves as a foundation for understanding the transformative role of AI in modern tax administration and shaping its future trajectory.
Tropological Modes and Projected Images in The Fall of America
Authors: Xu Wen
Published: February 2025

The Fall of America: Poems of These States, 1965–1971 (1973) is a collection of poems composed by Allen Ginsberg during his drive cross-country tour of America, for which he shared the U.S. National Book Award for Poetry. In these lines, the American landscapes, situation and his experiences and observations of the social and political turmoil during the 1960s and early 1970s are described with vivid and striking details in the projected images in the poems. This study aims to investigate tropological modes involved in the poetic images in The Fall of America, exploring Ginsberg’s encoded cognitive discourses on the corrupt government, industrialization and ecological deterioration through the tropological analysis of the projected images like “longhaired magician” and “borax” in the poems. It focuses on the primary level of Ginsberg’s multiple discourses and thus provides the foundation for his historical narratives on the 1960s. Textual analysis is the main research approach and Hyden White’s theories of four tropological modes are applied as the theoretical framework.
Algorithm-Driven Identity Politics: Role of Social Media in Polarisation and Mobilisation
Authors: Zhang Yue
Published: February 2025

This is an essay that explores the role of recommendation algorithms in the communication of identity politics and their sociological and political implications, focusing on how the phenomena of filter bubbles and information cocoons reshape users' information exposure and cognitive structures. By combining Baudrillard's theory of mimetic environments, Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital, and Mead's theory of symbolic interaction, the article reveals how recommender algorithms reinforce group identities and exacerbate social divisions through selective pushing of information. In addition, the proliferation of disinformation exhibits higher dissemination efficiency in algorithm-driven environments, posing challenges to the openness and inclusiveness of the public sphere. The article calls for multi-dimensional interventions in technological design, policy regulation and public education to mitigate the masking effect of algorithmic communication and the negative impact of disinformation, and to provide solution paths for building a pluralistic and open digital public sphere. This article aims to provide theoretical support for understanding the double-edged sword effect of recommendation algorithms in identity politics and practical suggestions for the governance and optimisation of digital society.
Preface: 7th International Workshop on Education Reform and Social Sciences (ERSS 2024)
Authors: Harris Darlene , Huang Shuhan
Published: February 2025

This proceeding includes original and peer-reviewed research papers from the 7th International Workshop on Education Reform and Social Sciences (ERSS 2024), held from December 14-15, 2024 in Hong Kong, China.
The aim of ERSS 2024 is to provide a platform for educators, scholars, managers and graduate students from different cultural backgrounds to present and discuss research, developments and innovations in the fields of Education Reform & Social Science. It provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration.
By submitting a paper to ERSS 2024, the authors agreed to the review process and understood that papers undergo a peer-review process. Manuscripts were reviewed by appropriately qualified experts in the field selected by the Conference Committee, who gave detailed comments and-if the submission was accepted the authors would submit a revised version that considered this feedback. All papers were reviewed using a double-blind review process: authors declared their names and affiliations in the manuscript for the reviewers to see, but reviewers did not know each other’s identities, nor did the authors receive information about who had reviewed their manuscript. The Committees of ERSS 2024 invested great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit.
With our warmest regards,
Darlene Harris, Shuhan Huang
Conference Organizing Committees
COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION PROCESSES IN WATER TREATMENT: CHOOSING THE CATALYST WITH THE BEST COST-BENEFIT RATIO
Authors: Júnior Antônio Pereira , Morales Gundisalvo Piratoba , Beltrão Norma Ely Santos , Rodrigues Ana Beatriz , Giuliatti Nathalia Melo , Recoliano Maik Cauan Silva , Martins Maria Eduarda Moreira , Moreira Ana Carolina Sampaio
Published: February 2025

One of the current problems in water bodies is the loss of transparency and water quality, which, in general, is caused by anthropogenic actions such as agriculture and industries, when there is a release of pollutants generated by them, resulting in the loss of its quality. The gap that determined this research was the low number of studies to disseminate chemical tests and methods that contribute to the mitigation of costs and increase the effectiveness of WTPs. For this reason, this study aims to identify a catalyst with the best cost-benefit ratio in the removal of particles that promote water turbidity and, in this way, obtain a higher transparency index, which increases the photosynthetic rate and the physiology of this natural resource. The research methodology applied was observational, systematic, direct, experimental, associated with a survey of secondary data with a period in the period from 2007 to 2024. Statistical analysis of the data occurred with the application of descriptive statistics (maximum, minimum, median, mean, and standard deviation) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The coagulant used in this research was Polychloride for the measurement, Hydrated Lime Ca(OH)2 [14%] and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) [10%] were applied. The data obtained and analyzed indicated that NaOH [14%] presented a higher performance in terms of coagulation reaction speed (one minute), while Ca(OH)2 [14%] proved to be more efficient in terms of flake morphology (note 3) and decantation speed (nine minutes).
KIT SUSTENTÁVEL DE ATHIS: UM COMBATE AOS SINTOMAS DA INSALUBRIDADE HABITACIONAL
Authors: Arantes Otavío Campos
Published: February 2025

Objetivando – se a combater os sintomas da insalubridade Habitacional – como as doenças respiratórias, saúde mental, bactérias, mosquitos entre outras, é desenvolvido o Catalogo - “Kit Sustentável de ATHIS” - a fim de combater as patologias das casas doentes Incluindo estratégias Sanitaristas e Transição Energética. Um remédio amenizador destas habitações construídas sem o auxílio de arquitetos ou engenheiros. Famílias que sempre tornam a usar dos recursos do SUS ou da Defensoria Pública, com soluções que nós devemos tomar o protagonismo. Fase piloto de uma perspectiva  de reprodução de escalada, cumprindo com as ODS, sobretudo, a número 1 – O Combate à Miséria. Estratégia político-administrativa para um melhor direcionamento orçamentário visando um protagonismo impacto Social-Econômico,  Ambiental e na Saúde.
TRA EM RATTUS NORVEGICUS: RELATO DE CASO ASPECTOS ULTRASSONOGRÁFICOS
Authors: Tronco Maria Eduarda , Feyh Mariana Ferreira , Roll Alessandra , Prusch Fabiana , Gorczak Rochelle
Published: February 2025

A piometra é uma condição patológica prevalente em pequenos mamíferos, caracterizada pelo acúmulo de exsudato purulento ou mucopurulento no útero, devido a uma resposta inflamatória hormonalmente mediada, frequentemente associada a infecções bacterianas. Essa patologia tem prevalência durante o diestro, quando os níveis de progesterona estão elevados, resultando no crescimento excessivo das glândulas endometriais e da redução da atividade contrátil do miométrio, o que dificulta a expulsão das secreções uterinas. Clinicamente, a piometra pode se manifestar por meio de corrimento vaginal sanguinolento ou purulento, anorexia e pirexia. Embora os exames laboratoriais possam fornecer informações auxiliares sobre a condição clínica do paciente, o diagnóstico mais preciso é obtido por meio de exames de imagem, como ultrassonografia, onde permite a visualização detalhada da parede uterina e do conteúdo intraluminal. Este estudo objetiva descrever os aspectos ultrassonográficos relacionados a um quadro de piometra em um Rattus norvegicus. Foi atendida uma fêmea de twister (Rattus norvegicus), de dois anos e um mês de idade, alimentada com ração específica para a espécie e frutas. O animal apresentava histórico de perda de peso e hematúria há cinco dias. O exame complementar escolhido para diagnóstico foi a ultrassonografia abdominal, que resultou em achados ultrassonográficos indicativos de hiperplasia endometrial, piometra ou hemometra, sendo possível observar corpo uterino com dimensões aumentadas preenchido por conteúdo fluido intraluminal, além de presença de estrutura cística em ambos os ovários. A paciente foi encaminhada para o procedimento cirúrgico de ovariohisterectomia terapêutica. Ao término do procedimento, a avaliação macroscópica do corpo uterino revelou uma quantidade moderada de secreção mucopurulenta intraluminal, confirmando o diagnóstico de piometra. O presente estudo evidenciou a relevância do aprofundamento no conhecimento da fisiologia reprodutiva associado a destreza na realização da ultrassonografia como ferramenta diagnóstica rápida, segura e não invasiva.
Students’ Perception of the Effects of Using Self-assessment and Peer-assessment in Promoting Learner Autonomy in Speaking Skills
Authors: Phan Thi Minh Thao
Published: February 2025

This study aims to examine the effects of self-assessment and peer assessment on learner autonomy development and the different effects between the two kinds of assessment practices in language use, focusing on EFL speaking skills. Eighty-eight first-year non-English majors at VNU-HCM University of Science taking a fifteen-week general English course participated in the study and were put in two groups: experimental 1 (n=49); and experimental 2 (n=39). The participants in experimental group 1 assessed their own work, whilst those in experimental group 2 assessed their peers' work. Quantitative data was collected from students' pre-and post-test questionnaires. Three key findings were revealed. First, through the use of self-assessment, dimensions of initiating, monitoring, and evaluating students' learner autonomy were significantly enhanced. Second, the implementation of peer assessment also considerably promoted students' learner autonomy dimensions by initiating, monitoring, and evaluating. Third, although both self-assessment and peer assessment developed these four learner autonomy dimensions, there is a small difference between the two kinds of assessment on dimension initiating. The effects of self-assessment on dimension initiating surpassed that of peer assessment on dimension initiating.
A Study of Covid-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Consumer Behaviour
Authors:   MBA students, Universal AI University, Mumbai, India, Jaiswal Utkarsh
Published: February 2025

A significant wellspring of economic activity is consumers' purchases, which collapsed when the first wave of the pandemic swept across nations in mid-2020 (India's economy rate decelerated from 6.1% to –9.6%). Out of nowhere, consumers had to change their behavior, organizations had to change plans of action, and governments had to change guidelines. Similarly, as the coronavirus has influenced locales and people in incomprehensibly various manners, the monetary effect has likewise been exceptionally lopsided. Employees who were able to work from home have maintained their jobs and pay, amassing more savings while compelled to scale back spending from lockdowns, travel limitations, and wellbeing fears; others lost employment and income or had to shut down their businesses and have battled to cover the bills. Simultaneously, there is motivation to be positive for an effective recuperation in buyer spending once the COVID-19 virus is controlled because of their repressed interest and amassing savings. Understanding how that affects the buyer's behavior—an essential factor for worldwide financial recovery—is the research paper's focal point.

Keywords: Change in buying behavior, Consumer behavior, COVID-19 pandemic, Health.
Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in India: Challenges, Business Prospects, and Future Opportunities
Authors:   chool of Management Studies, Uttar Pradesh Rajarshi Tandon Open University, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India, r Gaur Vinay Kuma
Published: February 2025

The significant transition to Electric Vehicles (EVs) has been prompted by the increasing concern about environmental sustainability, the accumulation of carbon emissions, and a heavy reliance on fossil fuels. EVs have emerged as a potential alternative to Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. The development of a comprehensive and accessible charging infrastructure is a critical component of this transition, necessitating the installation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS). Establishing EVCS presents numerous obstacles. The critical issue of load forecasting has arisen as a result of the rapid increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs), particularly in order to prevent grid overloads. Additionally, the regulatory requirements may complicate the process of locating an appropriate location for charging stations, particularly in urban areas that have been developed. High upfront investment costs and uncertain returns compound financial challenges. Additionally, it alleviates congestion during prime station hours and minimizes the time required for drivers to recharge their batteries. It is imperative to address these obstacles in order to reduce the likelihood of prospective obstacles to the equitable implementation of EVCS. The paper's examination of the challenges associated with the establishment of EVCS in India is discussed, as well as the potential opportunities for entrepreneurs and enterprises to enter this emerging market. It also examines the current regulations regarding charging stations, including those that are either rapid or slow. The installation of EVCS is facilitated by financial resources provided by the government and local authorities. The section concludes with a prospective examination of emerging technologies, including renewable energy integration and smart charging solutions, which have the potential to enhance the charging infrastructure. In addition, the paper explores a variety of business models and strategies for the establishment of successful charging station businesses, such as pricing structures, strategic alliances, and customer service. The study examines the overall feasibility of various configurations of EVCS, consumers' demand trends, and the impact on the power grid using simulated primary data, among other business viability indicators. These suggestions will be beneficial in expediting the development of a more sustainable and energy-efficient EV transition ecosystem in India. Stakeholders can assist in the development of a more environmentally friendly transportation ecosystem by addressing multifaceted obstacles and seizing new opportunities.

Keywords—Electric Vehicle (EV), Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS), Renewable Energy Sources (RES), Smart Grid, Battery Swapping Station (BSS), Intelligent Transport System (ITS), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Business Model, Charging Infrastructure, Simulated Data Analysis.
dying Multidimensional Poverty Dynamics: Can Synthetic Panel Methods Help?
Authors: Elbers Chris , Lanjouw Peter , Salvucci Vincenzo , Silva-Leander Sebastian
Published: February 2025

We extend the Dang et al. (2014) synthetic panel framework for studying poverty dynamics to multidimensional poverty measures. Using the case of a three-dimensional poverty index over two time periods we show that it is possible to produce moderate bounds on predicted transitions, based on household survey data for Tanzania from 2014 and 2020. The panel structure of the National Panel Survey (NPS) of Tanzania allows us to compare synthetic panel estimates to directly measured multidimensional poverty transitions. We assess two approaches to the estimation of multidimensional poverty transitions: one based on tracking transitions of the aggregate multidimensional poverty index; and a second building on transitions of the individual dimensions of the multidimensional poverty index. The latter approach, based on a Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimation (SURE) framework, is shown to produce more accurate and precise transition estimates. We provide R and Stata codes, which can be incorporated into the standard synthetic panel code for the purpose of extending the analysis to multidimensional poverty.
Integrating Nendra Banana Blossoms into Chocolate: A Study on Nutritional Enhancement and Bioactive Compounds
Authors:   Food Science and Nutrition, Alva’s College, Moodbidri, Karnataka, India, Anju T V , Devi S Karthika , Prabhat Archana
Published: February 2025

Banana blossom, an underutilized ingredient in Asian cuisines, offers significant health benefits. To develop a confectionery product combining Nendra banana blossom and chocolate, and to evaluate its macro, micro, and bioactive components. Materials were sourced locally. Banana blossoms were washed, cleaned, and immersed in a 0.2% citric acid solution for 30 minutes to prevent enzymatic browning. They were then dried in a hot air oven at 105°C for 2-3 days, ground into a fine powder, and used for further testing. Formulation with 10 g of banana blossom powder and control were prepared and subjected to hedonic rating to assess overall quality of the product. Subsequent analytical experiments evaluated the nutritional value. Incorporating banana blossom powder into chocolate maintained sensory characteristics and enhanced nutritional value, presenting a promising alternative to conventional unhealthy confectioneries. This product addresses polyphenol and fiber deficiencies, offers commercialization potential, and helps reduce micronutrient deficiencies affordably.

Keywords: Nendra banana blossom, Anti nutritional properties, Antioxidants, Novel food product
Nerve Conduction Study, Sympathetic Skin Response Test, and Demographic Correlates in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Lee Younggon , Kim So Hun , Kim Chang-Hwan
Published: February 2025

Objective: To comprehensively assess the relationship between nerve conduction study (NCS), sympathetic skin response (SSR), and demographic factors in patients with diabetic neuropathy, exploring potential risk factors and mechanisms.Methods: A retrospective study (N=184) included patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing NCS and SSR. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed. Patients were categorized by diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and SSR stages for comparative analysis.Results: HbA1c levels correlated with DPN progression. SSR stages exhibited age-related differences. Height correlated with DPN but not SSR stages. Body mass index showed no significant differences.Conclusion: While DPN progression correlated with glycemic control and duration of diabetes, SSR was influenced by age. Unexpectedly, cholesterol levels remained within the normal range, challenging established concepts. Understanding these relationships is crucial for interpreting test results and developing targeted interventions for diabetic neuropathy.
CREȘTEREA EFICIENȚEI PROCESULUI DE USCARE A SEMINȚELOR OLEAGINOASE PRIN APLICAREA TRATAMENTULUI TERMIC ÎN STRAT DE SUSPENSIE
Authors: Popescu Victor , Țislinscaia Natalia , Melenciuc Mihail , Vișanu Vitali , Popa Sergiu , Balan Tatiana , Voinesco Dinu , Voleac Petru
Published: February 2025

The study is dedicated to increasing the efficiency of the drying process of oilseeds from processing industry residues. The research focused on the example of seeds, which are currently not fully exploited in the Republic of Moldova, but have great potential to be used as raw material for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, while their drying process by traditional methods has low efficiency and hinders their exploitation. In order to carry out investigations to solve the existing problems, an experimental plant has been developed, and the method of thermal treatment in the suspension layer was applied in the drying process. The results obtained have shown that the developed plant allows increasing the productivity, energy efficiency and quality of dried seeds.
Studiul este consacrat sporirii eficienței procesului de uscare a semințelor oleaginoase provenite din reziduurile industriei de procesare. Cercetările au fost axate pe exemplul semințelor, care la moment în Republica Moldova nu sunt valorificate pe deplin, dar au un mare potențial pentru a fi utilizate în calitate de materie primă pentru industria alimentară, cea cosmetică și cea fermaceutică, iar procesul de uscare a lor prin metodele tradiționale are o eficiență redusă și împiedică valorificarea lor. Pentru realizarea investigațiilor în vederea soluționării problemelor existente, a fost elaborată o instalație experimentală, care aplică în procesul de uscare metoda de tratare termică în strat de suspensie. Rezultatele obținute au demonstrat că instalația elaborată permite creșterea productivității, a eficienței energetice și a calității semințelor uscate.
De bescherming voor grensoverschrijdende investeerders op grond van bilaterale investeringsverdragen
Authors: van de Hel-Koedoot M. , Hoebeke B.R.D.
Published: February 2025

De bescherming voor grensoverschrijdende investeerders op grond van bilaterale investeringsverdragen

Het wereldwijde netwerk van Nederlandse bilaterale investeringsverdragen (bilateral investment treaties, ofwel ‘BITs’) biedt bescherming aan (Nederlandse) investeerders die investeren in landen waarmee Nederland een BIT heeft gesloten. Een BIT houdt beschermingsnormen in die een toetsingskader vormen voor het gedrag van een investeringontvangende staat (de gaststaat) ten opzichte van deze buitenlandse investering. Indien een gaststaat één of meer van deze normen schendt, kan een door een BIT beschermde buitenlandse investeerder zelf – op grond van de desbetreffende BIT – de gaststaat aansprakelijk stellen voor de door hem geleden schade. De in BITs opgenomen arbitrageovereenkomst biedt de buitenlandse investeerder hiervoor een neutraal forum. Als gevolg van het Verdrag van Lissabon en de standpunten van de Europese Commissie ten aanzien van BITs tussen lidstaten zijn veranderingen op komst voor de door Nederland gesloten BITs. Dit artikel houdt een algemene introductie in van de in BITs opgenomen bescherming van investeerders door middel van internationale arbitrage, waarbij tevens zal worden stilgestaan bij de recente ontwikkelingen in Europees verband.
Neera Arya: A Forgotten Revolutionary of The Indian Freedom Struggle
Authors: Rohtash
Published: February 2025

The glorious story of India’s independence is filled with many forgotten heroes and heroines who sacrificed everything in the Indian freedom struggle, but after independence they had to live a life of anonymity in the country. Captain Neera Arya of the Rani Jhansi Regiment of the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) was one such great patriot, courageous, freedom fighter and heroine. To save the life of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, she killed her husband who had shot at him. In view of her unimaginable and unique courage, Subhash Chandra Bose addressed Neera Arya as 'Neera-Nagini'. Hence, she is also known as Neera Nagini. After the surrender of the Indian National Army, when the trial was held in Red Fort of Delhi, all the prisoners were freed. But she was punished for the murder of her British-loyal police officer husband and was sentenced to Kala Pani imprisonment, where she had to endure severe torture. She is considered the country's first female spy. After the country gained independence, Neera Arya lived an anonymous, miserable and helpless life by selling flowers on the roadside in Hyderabad, but did not accept any kind of government assistance or pension. Women of Hyderabad used to call her ‘Pedamma’. There is also an epic on her life named 'Neera Nagini'. His younger brother Basant Kumar was also a freedom fighter of the Indian National Army, who lived the life of an ascetic after independence. Many folk singers have written poetry collections and hymns on the life of Neera Arya and her brother Basant Kumar. She has also written about her role in the Indian freedom struggle in the form of her autobiography. Her autobiography also mentions incidents of inhuman treatment meted out to her by the Britishers during her imprisonment in Kala Pani. He shared many incidents of his life and freedom struggle with Hindi-Urdu writer Madhu Dhama. She has also written a novel based on the personal experience narrated by Neera Arya, in which her contribution to the Indian freedom struggle has been highlighted.
Objective of The Study- The objective of this research paper is to study the role and contribution of Neera Arya in the Indian freedom struggle.
Efektivitas E-Booklet Pendidikan Kesehatan terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan di Puskesmas Sonomartani Labura
Authors: Nurhabib Nurhabib  , Retno Wahyuni  , Rumondang Sitorus
Published: February 2025

Early detection of high risk by health workers through quality antenatal care is one of the efforts to accelerate the reduction of MMR in Indonesia. The aim of this research was to determine "The Effectiveness of Health Education E-Booklets on Pregnant Women's Knowledge About Danger Signs of Pregnancy at the Sonomartani Labura Community Health Center in 2023. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental research method." The design used is a one group pre test and post test design research design. The research was carried out by knowing the mother's knowledge (pretest) before being given a health education E-booklet for danger signs of pregnancy, then continuing with a final test (posttest) after being given a health education E-booklet. The research results show a P value of 0.000, meaning p 0.05, stating that the health education e-booklet is effective on pregnant women's knowledge about the danger signs of pregnancy at the Sonomartani Labura Community Health Center in 2023.
Hubungan Usia dan Jenis Kelamin terhadap Kadar Kolesterol
Authors: Muhammad Arif  , Mario Sandro
Published: February 2025

Cholesterol sufferers in Indonesia are quite high, reaching 28%. If treated too late, high cholesterol will endanger health, and can even cause death. Risk factors that influence cholesterol levels are age, gender, BMI, and blood pressure. Carrying out screening through routine cholesterol level checks is important for early detection and prevention of heart and blood vessel disease caused by increased cholesterol levels. This research method uses a cross-sectional study research design. The number of samples in this study was 20 respondents. Sampling in this study used a purposive sampling method. Data analysis used the Chi Square test. The results showed that there was no relationship between cholesterol levels and age and gender (p-value=0.343) (p-value=0.391)
Evaluasi Program Pemberian Tablet Tambah Darah pada Remaja Putri di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kebonsari Kabupaten Madiun
Authors: Almas Ata Afiqoh Ningrum
Published: February 2025

Efforts to reduce the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls are carried out by supplementing with Iron Tablets. This research aims to evaluate the program of providing iron tablets to adolescent girls in the work area of the Kebonsari Health Center, Madiun Regency. The research was conducted qualitatively with indepth interview techniques and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), informants were determined by purposive sampling totaling 16 people. The research was conducted in July-September 2023 at the Health Office, Madiun Regency Pharmacy Installation, Kebonsari Health Center, SMPN 2 Kebonsari and MAN 1 Madiun. The data analysis technique used triangulation, processed using reduction and presented in the narrative text. The results of the study were reviewed based on the book "Guidelines for Prevention and Management of Anemia in Adolescent Girls 2016" showing that several aspects were appropriate, including human resources, fund allocation, preparation, distribution, recording and reporting, scope of activities and accuracy of targets and distribution. While aspects that were not appropriate included facilities and infrastructure, monitoring and timeliness. Similar research should be conducted in other schools in the working area of the Kebonsari Health Center, Madiun Regency so that the effectiveness of the implementation of the program can be evaluated and improved.
Subtitusi Tepung Tempe dan Penambahan Ekstrak Bunga Telang terhadap Daya Terima Kue Cubit sebagai Jajanan yang Mengandung Antioksidan
Authors: Beatrich Laila Siregar  , Rita Ismawati
Published: February 2025

Tempeh flour and telang flowers are food ingredients that contain antioxidants and can protect body cells from damage. Kue cubit is a snack that is assimilated by the Dutch, the development of which is found to be less visible in terms of its benefits for health, so it is necessary to develop a kue cubit with tempeh flour substitution and the addition of telang flower extract where both ingredients contain antioxidants. This research are to: (1) to determine the effect of tempeh flour substitution and the addition of telang flower extract on acceptability including the parameters of color, aroma, texture, and taste of kue cubit (2) to determine the antioxidant activity in kue cubit substituted with tempeh flour and the addition of telang flower extract from the best formula. This study includes a true experiment using a two-factor factorial Complete Random Design (RAL) research design, they are the variation in the amount of tempeh flour and the variation in the number of telang flowers that will be extracted as much as 40 ml, consisting of 6 formulas. The data were tested using Kruskal wallis if there was an influence followed by using the man whitney test. The results of the analysis showed there were significant differences in each kue cubit formula with color parameters and there were no effect on aroma, texture, and taste parameters. The best formula is X3Y3 (10%: 20gram), with an IC50 antioxidant activity value of 378.355 μg/mL included in the weak category.
Hubungan Standar Pelayanan Minimal Gizi dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Islam Muhammadiyah Sumberrejo Kabupaten Bojonegoro
Authors: Alya Afirsta Rahmadani  , Rita Ismawati
Published: February 2025

Patient satisfaction is one of the benchmarks for assessing a hospital's success in providing services. Quality targets in nutrition services based on hospital Minimum Service Standards include three indicators, namely timeliness of food distribution, food waste and the absence of errors in diet administration. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between minimum nutritional service standards and the level of satisfaction of inpatients at the Muhammadiyah Islamic Hospital Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro Regency. This type of research is cross-sectional. The sample in this study was patients in classes 2 and 3 of the Shafa and Marwah inpatient rooms, totaling 135 patients. The data measured are the level of patient satisfaction, timeliness of food distribution, accuracy of diet and food waste. Bivariate analysis used the Spearman's Rank test. The results of data analysis showed that food distribution timeliness was 92.5%, diet accuracy was 98%, food waste was 15.1%, while patient satisfaction levels were very satisfied (52%), satisfied (44%), dissatisfied (2%) and very dissatisfied (1%). The results of the study showed that the timeliness of distribution of breakfast (p=0.864>0.05), afternoon (p=0.853>0.05), evening (p=0.864>0.05) and the level of satisfaction, while the accuracy of the diet and the level of satisfaction patients (p=0.112>0.05), for food waste and level of patient satisfaction (p=0.311>0.05). From this research it can be concluded that statistically there is no significant relationship between minimum service standards (timeliness of food distribution, accuracy of diet and food waste) and the level of patient satisfaction. Suggestions that can be given in this research are that hospital efforts are needed to maintain the quality of food services by paying more attention to the accuracy of diet for patients.
Grammatical and Semantic Features of the “Эс verb + жуу/жүү” Structure in the Myangad dialect
Authors: Myagmar Saruul-Erdene
Published: February 2025

In his previous research, the author concluded that the Modern Mongolian Standard Dialect, or Khalkha-based literary language, has already developed the category of “Unpleasantness.” The tendency to express unpleasant actions is not a new feature in the Mongolian language. Nicolas Poppe correctly noted that the passive structure in the Secret History of the Mongols is used for actions that either indirectly affect the subject or are performed against the subject’s will. In Classical Mongolian Literary Language, there are two different verb derivational suffixes: -D and -Da/De. Both suffixes derive verbs from adjectives, but with a key distinction: verbs formed with -D indicate regular actions, whereas verbs formed with -Da/De convey unpleasant actions. For example, qolad- means simply “to become or to get farther,” while qolada- means “to become too far” or “to become unpleasant due to excessive distance.” The Modern Mongolian Standard Dialect tense system clearly distinguishes between unpleasant actions. The past tense negative -сангүй, present continuous -аад байна, and present continuous negative -хгүй байна all indicate unpleasant actions.
In this paper, the author demonstrates that the Modern Mongolian Myangad dialect uses the verb structure “Es Verb stem + juu” to express unpleasant actions. This suggests that the category of “Unpleasantness” might be a universal feature across all Mongolian dialects.
 
Мянгад аялгууны “Эс үйл + жуу/жүү” бүтцийн хэл зүй, утга зүйн онцлог
 
Хураангуй: Орчин цагийн утга зохиолын монгол хэл буюу халх суурьтай баримжаа аялгууны цаг заах тогтолцоонд үйлийн зохистой ба зохисгүйг ялган заах хандлага төдий бус, тусгай ай нэгэнт үүсэн бий болжээ. Өнгөрсөн цагийн үгүйсгэх “-сангүй”, үргэлжилж буй одоо цагийн “-аад байна”, үргэлжилж буй одоо цагийн үгүйсгэх “-хгүй байна” хэлбэрүүд бүгд тухайн үйлийн зохисгүйг заах утгаараа нэгдмэл юм. Зохисгүй утга заах тусгай хэлбэр нь монгол хэлнээ цоо шинэ зүйл биш, Монголын нууц товчоон дахь үйлдэгдэх хэвийн хэрэглээ нь үйлийн эзнээс хамааралгүй болсон, хэцүү таагүй үйлд өртсөн утгыг илэрхийлдэг байв. Монгол бичгийн хэлний тэмдэг нэрээс үйл үг бүтээх -д болон -да/дэ дагаврын ялгаа ч мөн зохисгүй хэмээх утга мөн. 
Энэхүү өгүүлэлд орчин цагийн мянгад аялгууны “Эс үйл үг + жуу” бүтцийг судалж, зохисгүй утга илтгэх тусгай хэлбэр болохыг нь батлах юм. Тэгэхлээр ерөөс үйлийн зохистой зохисгүйг ялган заах нь монгол хэлний төв аялгуу төдий бус нийт монгол хэл аялгуудын универсал шинжтэй үзэгдэл байж болох юм. 
 
Түлхүүр үг: Мянгад аялгуу, хэл зүйн ай, зохистой зохисгүйн ай, зохисгүй утга
Pengaruh Tata Letak Ruang Kelas Trerhadap Interaksi Siswa dalam Kegiatan Pembelajran
Authors: Noviana Syalza Wahyu , Ichwanto Muhammad Aris , Sudarto Sudarto
Published: February 2025

Currently, we still often find messy classrooms, high classroom temperatures, ventilation and lighting systems that are not appropriate for the classroom, tables and chairs that are not neatly arranged, and learning materials that are not arranged well, which affects concentration. and interaction. The aim of this research is to identify the effect of U-Shape and Cluster class divisions on interactions between students and teachers, as well as between students and other students in learning activities, identify the impact on student concentration, and evaluate the effectiveness of the layout. This research uses qualitative methods by means of observation and questionnaires given to class XI students of Modeling Design and Building Information at SMK Negeri 1 Ngasem Kab. Kediri. Data obtained from interviews with students and studying several articles were then processed into narratives for discussion. To assess interaction and concentration in different types of layouts. Research shows that a more flexible layout, namely U-Shape, significantly increases interaction between students and teachers, as well as between students and other students in learning activities. In addition, this research found that ergonomic classroom layouts that can be modified based on learning needs tend to be more effective in increasing student concentration. Thus, classrooms that are designed flexibly and more interactively have proven effective in creating a more dynamic learning atmosphere, increasing engagement, and facilitating student focus. These findings provide recommendations for educators and schools to consider more effective classroom designs to support the teaching and learning process.
Evolusi Pendidikan Klasik dan Modern Serta Kajian Terhadap Faktor-Faktor Pendidikan
Authors: Rahmadina Sofia , Hindana Nihna Faradila , Haq Arinda Faradisal , Alifia Febby Erlyta , Mahardika I Ketut , Yusmar Firdha , Firdausi Soraya , Astuti Sri Rejeki Dwi
Published: February 2025

The Educational theories are fundamental in developing effective teaching methods and strategies. They serve as a guide for educators to understand various aspects of the teaching-learning process, including student motivation, cognitive development, and social interactions. Key educational theories offer unique perspectives on how education should be conducted. Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes that children undergo four distinct stages of cognitive growth, each with unique characteristics and abilities. This theory significantly influences curriculum design and teaching methods appropriate for different cognitive levels. Albert Bandura's social learning theory highlights the importance of observation and imitation in learning. He argues that people learn many behaviors by observing others and the consequences of those behaviors, underscoring the role of social environments and peer interactions in education. Constructivism, popularized by Lev Vygotsky and Piaget, posits that learners actively construct their knowledge through interaction with their environment. This approach stresses the importance of hands-on experiences and contextual learning in developing student understanding. B.F. Skinner's behaviorism theory focuses on the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping student behavior. According to this theory, behavior can be systematically shaped and controlled through positive and negative reinforcement. These theories, along with others such as humanism and cognitive theory, provide valuable frameworks for educators to design and implement effective teaching strategies. Understanding and applying various educational theories can create a better learning environment that supports students' holistic development.
Quaternary prevention in primary health care in the medical residency program in family and community medicine at the university hospital of Brasília
Authors: Vieira Izabela Luiza de Souza , Rodrigues Lígia Villela , Rodrigues Rodolfo Rêgo Deusdará , Carrijo Ana Paula Borges
Published: February 2025

1) Background: To describe the knowledge about Quaternary Prevention (P4) and its approach by Medical Residency Program in Family and Community Medicine at the University Hospital of Brasília preceptors and medical professors, and discuss the effects of the intervention for the re-spondents.; (2) Methods: This is a qualitative research, which uses semi-structured interviews, in a virtual environment, with subsequent formative-pedagogical intervention, in a virtual environment, in order to provide teachers and preceptors with conceptual bases and tools for operationalizing the P4 during the medical care. briefly describe the main methods or treatments applied; (3) Results: A safe training space for self-reflection and self-criticism about the practice of P4 in Primary Health Care was produced, as well as the knowledge of new tools for this, by the participants, through interviews and intervention.; (4) Conclusions: Permanent education in the Unified Health System regarding P4 and the training of health professionals who prioritize excellent practices in the context of the Family Health Strategy are of great importance. The practice of P4 becomes possible and effective when evidence-based medicine and a person-centered approach meet. For this, it is necessary to use clinical communication tools in the consultations.
Incidência crescente de câncer de mama em mulheres entre 40 e 49 anos no Brasil (2014-2023)
Authors: Bernardi Tuany Caroline , Carpine Maria Luiza Paes , Venarusso Mariane Fantinelli , Blanco Lucca , Mikami Clara Mayumi , Cavalcante Andreia Karla de Carvalho Barbosa , Seidl Isabele , Sousa Nayara Michele Monteiro , Pestana Samily Cristina
Published: February 2025

O câncer de mama é a neoplasia maligna mais prevalente entre as mulheres globalmente, representando um desafio significativo à saúde pública. Este estudo investiga a crescente incidência de câncer de mama em mulheres jovens no Brasil entre 2014 e 2023, com ênfase na faixa etária de 40 a 49 anos, historicamente excluída das diretrizes nacionais de rastreamento. A análise dos dados do Sistema de Informação do Câncer (SISCAN) evidencia um aumento substancial no número de mamografias realizadas, particularmente após 2020, com uma recuperação observada no período pós-pandêmico. Entretanto, a alta proporção de exames inconclusivos (BI-RADS 0) revela a necessidade de aprimoramentos técnicos e da capacitação de profissionais de saúde. Os dados também mostram um aumento na detecção de carcinomas ductal in situ e invasivos, além da redução nos diagnósticos em estágios avançados, o que sugere uma possível contribuição do rastreamento ampliado para a detecção precoce. No entanto, o crescimento nos diagnósticos de tumores triplo-negativos, uma variante mais agressiva da doença, ressalta a urgência no desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas mais eficazes. O aumento geral dos casos de câncer de mama, associado às variações no estadiamento, indica a necessidade de reformular os programas de rastreamento e detecção precoce no Brasil. A intensificação das campanhas de conscientização, a ampliação do acesso a exames preventivos e o aprimoramento do sistema de registro oncológico são fundamentais para oferecer uma compreensão mais detalhada do cenário do câncer de mama no país.