bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic cost of thermoregulation decreases after the molt in developing Weddell seal pups
Authors: Pearson Linnea E. , Weitzner Emma L. , Tomanek Lars , Liwanag Heather E. M.
Published: February 2022

Allocation of energy to thermoregulation greatly contributes to the metabolic cost of endothermy, especially in extreme ambient conditions. Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) pups born in Antarctica must survive both on ice and in water, two environments with very different thermal conductivities. This disparity likely requires pups to allocate additional energy toward thermoregulation rather than growth or development of swimming capabilities required for independent foraging. We measured longitudinal changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) for Weddell seal pups (n=8) in air and water from one to seven weeks of age, using open-flow respirometry. Concurrently, we collected molt, morphometric and dive behavior data. Absolute metabolic rate (MR) in air followed the expected allometric relationship with mass. Absolute MR in water was not allometric with mass, despite a 3-fold increase in mass between one and seven weeks of age. Developmental stage (or molting stage), rather than calendar age, determined when pups were thermally capable of being in the water. We consistently observed post-molt pups had lower RMR in air and water (6.67±1.4 and 7.90±2.38 ml O2 min−1 kg−1, respectively) than pre-molt (air: 9.37±2.42 ml O2 min−1 kg−1, water: 13.40±3.46 ml O2 min−1 kg−1) and molting pups (air: 8.45±2.05 ml O2 min−1 kg−1, water: 10.4±1.63 ml O2 min−1 kg−1). RMR in air and water were equivalent only for post-molt pups. Despite the increased energy cost, molting pups spent three times longer in the water than other pups. These results support the idea of an energetic trade-off during early development; pups expend more energy for thermoregulation in water, yet gain experience needed for independence.
Knifefish turning control and hydrodynamics during forward swimming
Authors: Hawkins Olivia H. , Ortega-Jiménez Víctor M. , Sanford Christopher P.
Published: February 2022

Rapid turning and swimming contribute to ecologically important behaviors in fishes such as predator avoidance, prey capture, mating and the navigation of complex environments. For riverine species, such as knifefishes, turning behaviors may also be important for navigating locomotive perturbations caused by turbulent flows. Most research on fish maneuvering focuses on fish with traditional fin and body morphologies, which primarily use body bending and the pectoral fins during turning. However, it is uncertain how fishes with uncommon morphologies are able to achieve sudden and controllable turns. Here, we studied the turning performance and the turning hydrodynamics of the black ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons, N=6) which has an atypical elongated ribbon fin. Fish were filmed while swimming forward at ∼2 body lengths s−1 and feeding from a fixed feeder (control) and an oscillating feeder (75 Hz) at two different amplitudes. 3D kinematic analysis of the body revealed the highest pitch angles and lowest body bending coefficients during steady swimming. Low pitch angle, high maximum yaw angles and large body bending coefficients were characteristic of small and large turns. Asynchrony in pectoral fin use was low during turning; however, ribbon fin wavelength, frequency and wave speed were greatest during large turns. Digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) showed larger counter-rotating vortex pairs produced during turning by the ribbon fin in comparison to vortices rotating in the same direction during steady swimming. Our results highlight the ribbon fin's role in controlled rapid turning through modulation of wavelength, frequency and wave speed.
The Relationship between Electricity Consumption, Oil Prices, and Economic Growth in Indonesia
Authors: Prastowo Prastowo , Putri Damayanti Laillil
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze the relationship between electricity consumption, oil prices and economic growth. The data used are from 1971 to 2014 using a case study of the country of Indonesia. This research model uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) regression. The results show that there is a long-term balance in electricity consumption, oil prices and economic growth. However, there is no short-term relationship on electricity consumption, oil prices and economic growth. Therefore, it is recommended that the government maximize the investment sector in industrialization so that the level of electricity consumption in terms of industry increases and can increase economic growth. In addition, this policy can create job opportunities so that residents can have greater job opportunities.
Analysis of the Kulon Progo Bela-Beli Program on the Economy
Authors: Khasanah Uswatun , Karimahakim Diasa , Usman Bello Anas
Published: February 2022

Regional or local economic development is a process of involvement of local governments and elements of society in jointly managing local resources or potentials with the aim of creating new jobs that can stimulate economic and community growth as well as alleviating people in poverty. One of the efforts to overcome these problems is the "Bela-Beli Kulon Progo" program. This study has a purpose, namely to determine the implementation of the "Bela-Beli Kulon Progo" program for the people in the Kulon Progo area. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method by using survey research. The use of this method is in accordance with the purpose of this study, which is to describe the implementation of the "Bela-Beli Kulon Progo" program for the community in the Kulon Progo area. The results of the study use two perspectives, namely the perspective of the community who are members of the "Bela-Beli Kulon Progo" Program and the perspective of stakeholders in the "Bela-Beli Kulon Progo" Program with the results obtained on the economy and community participation in the "Bela-Beli Kulon Progo" Program. directly and indirectly felt by the people of Kulon Progo Regency through employment, increasing income, increasing quality and productivity, as well as high enthusiasm and participation in the program. Other results through the role of local governments through related agencies obtained very good and efficient results through the provision of counseling, assistance, supervision, and always innovating in the "Bela-Beli Kulon Progo" Program which was felt directly and indirectly by the people of Kulon Progo Regency.
Analysis of the Trade Cycle in the UK and its Relationship to the Business Cycle
Authors: Purna Fitra Prasapawidya , Sorie Kamara Ibrahim
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze the trade cycle in the UK and analyze its relationship to the business cycle. This study uses secondary quarter data in the form of exports, imports, and UK GDP from 1987 to 2016. Band-pass filter data filter method is used in this study to isolate short-term cycles and assume an average growth of each variable. The results of this study indicate that the trade cycle in the UK has a medium-term cycle of around 2-4 years for both exports and imports. And there is a significant relationship between global economic events and movements in the trade cycle. Like in the early 2000s and late 2008. The relationship that exists in the cycle, especially the trade cycle between exports and imports, is found to be procyclical where the conditions are mutually exclusive. Meanwhile, between the trade cycle and the business cycle in the UK, there are many counter-cyclical situations where the relationship between the two cycles is inversely proportional. This is different from the findings of previous studies.
Analysis of Optimization of Fixed Asset Management for Sleman Regency Government
Authors: Vebriana Linda , Khoirudin Rifki , Muhammad Abdulkarim Fatima
Published: February 2022

The key to successful economic management is related to the management of regional assets. Optimal management of regional assets will prioritize good governance and trustworthy management of state finances from the community. However, there are still some problems that occur in the management of fixed assets in the Sleman Regency Government. This research is a quantitative descriptive study that explains the relationship between asset inventory, valuation, legal audit, and supervision and control of the optimization of fixed assets. Research data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires. The analytical tool used is multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the inventory, assessment and supervision and control had an effect on the optimization of fixed assets. While the legal audit has no effect on the optimization of fixed assets.
Bridging the skills gap: apprentice assistant practitioners having an impact in mental healthcare services. Part 4. The practice trainer experience
Authors: Beard Alison , Miller Tracy , Morris Andy
Published: February 2022

In understanding the impact of apprentice assistant practitioners (AAPs) on mental healthcare services, it is important to understand the role of the practice trainer (PT). This article is the last in a series of four looking at AAPs in mental healthcare services. It will focus on the experiences of the PTs as they support AAPs working towards their qualified AAP role.

The challenges faced by mental healthcare services and the role of the PT in supporting workforce development via the AAPs will be introduced. Semi-structured interviews were carried out on two PTs working in the north west of England and employed at the University of Bolton. Both participants work with AAPs employed in mental healthcare services and consented to take part. During the interview, the PTs were asked to outline how long they had worked in role, followed by an exploration into their experiences of supporting AAPs within mental healthcare services.

The PTs were asked to give their opinion on the development of their role, throughout the programme, with particular reference to the restrictions and changes COVID-19 had made to their role.
The terminal phase in Parkinson's disease: a mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Rogers Alice , Trotter Sophie , Richfield Edward , Thomas Sue , Wee Bee
Published: February 2022

Background:

Extending specialist palliative care to people with Parkinson's disease (PD) has been a priority over the past two decades. Despite improvements in advance care planning and early integration of palliative services, little is known about the dying phase of PD.

Aims:

To systematically review and synthesise the literature describing the occurrence and management of symptoms in the terminal phase of PD.

Methods:

Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Web of Science from 1990 to 2020 were conducted. Thematic synthesis of qualitative articles and narrative synthesis of quantitative articles were integrated to produce the final analysis.

Findings:

285 articles were reviewed and 18 met the inclusion criteria. Professionals found recognition of the terminal phase challenging, and palliative care services are underused. Difficulties include titration of dopaminergic medication, leading to premature termination, or incorrect dosing, of medication.

Conclusion:

More research is needed to capture the terminal phase of PD, in both the hospital and community setting, in order to increase the evidence base for symptom management.
A 5-year journey of improvement in a nurse-led botulinum toxin type A clinic for chronic migraine
Authors: Jones Siobhan , Button Paul M , Button Julie A
Published: February 2022

To enable the clinic to meet the increasing demand for botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) treatment the clinic developed a continuous process improvement programme in 2015. The configuration of clinic setup was standardised by utilising lean techniques and patients were categorised as ‘runners’ (uncomplicated/routine), ‘repeaters’ (more time-consuming, complex) and ‘strangers’ (new patients). This enabled a standardised patient pathway with fixed appointment times. The time allocated depended on the type of patient and whether the patient could be treated in a 15-minute or a 30-minute time slot.

Objectives:

To measure and monitor the value created by the continuous improvement process, to refine service delivery including the efficiency and capacity of the chronic migraine clinic.

Method:

Data was collected at the end of each month and a trend analysis of the number of chronic migraine patient treatments was carried out. Corrective actions were taken if the number of treatments fell below the anticipated demand. We calculated the increased capacity over the five-year period based on the data collected. To determine if the increased capacity required additional human resources, we also reviewed the headache specialist nurse resources allocated for chronic migraine treatments over the same period.

Results:

In 2015 the clinic had a waiting list of 35 patients, with a wait time of 4-6 months. At that time there was only capacity to accommodate 28 new patient referrals for BoNTA. During the period between 2015 and 2019, the total number of yearly treatments more than doubled from 791 to 1634. The clinic, at this point, was conducted by one headache specialist nurse. An additional nurse was then employed to support the increasing demand in early 2019. After implementing the improved process the clinic was able to eliminate the waiting list. In 2019 it generated capacity to accommodate 116 new patient referrals, which was an increase of 414% compared to 2015.

Conclusions:

The service efficiency programme implemented in 2015 has enabled the clinic to increase capacity to meet the increasing demands in the administration of BoNTA treatment. For the first 4 years, this was achieved without incurring any additional nursing costs. In addition, because of the success of the programme, more patients with chronic migraine have benefited from accessing BoNTA treatment.
Getting it Right First Time (Part 2)
Authors: Thomas Sue
Published: February 2022

Launched in 2015, the Getting it Right First Time (GIRFT) programme is a change agent for quality improvement in the NHS. In September 2021 the GIRFT neurology report was published, which outlines a whole pathway approach for the management of unwarranted variation in neurology practice and the actions needed to improve patient outcomes. In part 1, published in BJNN volume 17 issue 6, Sue Thomas explored what GIRFT says about the organisation of neurology services and its recommendations for service delivery. Part 2 explores parallel services, commissioning and future directions.
Is it ever right to lie?
Authors: Finch John
Published: February 2022

Many readers might be surprised to see such a question addressed in BJNN. An equal number might consider the question beyond the pale of professional acceptability for reasons of clinical ethics, or for more personal reasons such as religous or other deeply held values. The question appears to pertain to the realm of ethics rather than to the realm of legal obligations. However, the two can intersect and professional ethics can become merged in the area of legal obligations. John Finch, an independent journalist specialising in the law and ethics of clinical practice, examines how this can happen.
The skin and associated disorders
Authors: Stephens Melanie
Published: February 2022

This article aims to increase knowledge of the skin and associated disorders. Anatomy and physiology of the skin are briefly reviewed, and reference is made to common skin disorders. The main characteristics of a holistic skin assessment are discussed, and the signs to look for when undertaking an examination. The article concludes with a case study for context and reflection.
History taking in patients with suspected haematological disease
Authors: Milne Lorna
Published: February 2022

This is the first article in a two-part series. The fundamental skill of advanced nursing practice is the ability to undertake concise history taking and examinations to aid differential diagnosis and appropriate referral to specialist services. This article aims to discuss and highlight specific consultation questions and required clinical assessments of a patient with a potential haematological diagnosis. The complexity of a haematological diagnosis may be become clear with the exploration of constitutional symptoms, which include fever, drenching night sweats, loss of appetite or weight. The rapidity of onset of symptoms is pivotal to diagnosis and may influence speed of referral, if required, to specialist haematology teams. Physical symptoms may include shortness of breath, easy bruising, fatigue or palpable enlarged lymph glands. The relevance of these symptoms and what consitutes a haematological emergency will be explored. This article will discuss clinical findings pertinent to haematological diseases, when it is appropriate to refer to specialist haematological services and current national guidance. The second article in this series will examine how critical thinking aids in the diagnosis of blood disorders.
Benefit finding: understanding the impact and public health factors among COVID-19 patients in China
Authors: Wang Sitong , Zhou Yanan , Li Li , Kent Susan
Published: February 2022

Background:

This study aimed to determine the level of benefit finding among COVID-19 patients in a hospital in mainland China, and to identify its associated impact and public health factors.

Methods:

Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 288 COVID-19 patients were recruited in Huoshenshan Hospital in Wuhan, China to complete a survey on benefit finding. The level of benefit finding evaluated by the Benefit Finding Scale (BFS), mental resilience evaluated by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), social support evaluated by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), medical coping modes evaluated by the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), and general information was collected by self-designed questionnaires. T-test and chi-square test were used for single-factor analyses. For multiple factor analyses, multivariate regression analyses were performed.

Result:

The mean BFS score of 288 participants was 61.26±10.25. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the factors associated with the level of benefit finding among COVID-19 patients in China included education level, having experienced major event, social support, optimism, confrontive coping and resigned coping mode.

Conclusions:

In general, the patients with COVID-19 in this study had a middle level of benefit finding. Health professionals should take measures to identify the influencing factors on the quality of the life and take targeted intervention measures.
Nursing in the 21stcentury: results of a pilot survey on attitudes towards nurses and nursing
Authors: Woodland Julia , Foster Kendal , Robertshaw David
Published: February 2022

Nursing is one of the most trusted professions, yet it is poorly defined. There are many definitions and characterisations of nursing. This study sought to pilot a survey exploring the views of nursing in the 21st century. Methods: This study piloted an electronic survey with open and closed questions. Descriptive statistics were collated for closed questions using Excel. Open-ended questions were analysed using the text analysis program Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) for tone, emotion and criticality. Results: This pilot study recruited 72 participants from professional and non-professional backgrounds. Respondents displayed diversity in their perceptions of nursing, the role of nurses and the role that nurses perform. Conclusion: Nursing is a complex, multifaceted profession. The view of nursing was generally positive and authentic although not easy to define. Nursing was felt to be an inclusive profession; however, it is extremely diverse in nature. Further research is required to explore these concepts in greater depth.
Exploring barriers, motivators and solutions to achieve a healthy lifestyle among undergraduate student nurses
Authors: Austin Daniela , May Jon , Andrade Jackie , Nichols Andy
Published: February 2022

Background:

Many preregistration student nurses tend to be overweight or obese and have unhealthy lifestyles.

Aims:

This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of these issues, to identify barriers to adopting a healthy lifestyle as well as potential solutions, and to explore the use of smartphone health apps.

Methods:

An online questionnaire examined diet and physical activity habits, general health and attitudes to eHealth. An in-class questionnaire with a new sample assessed current lifestyle, barriers to healthier living, support needed to achieve goals and the use of health apps.

Findings:

Half of student nurses were overweight or obese and only 41% met the recommended levels of physical activity. An in-class questionnaire revealed that more than half of them wanted to have a better diet and to exercise more.

Conclusion:

Generally, student nurses were not satisfied with their current lifestyles. A lack of motivation and time were the most frequently reported barriers; an intervention focusing on motivational support could be an acceptable and effective means of achieving and sustaining positive behaviour change.
Leading a TB team working with hard-to-reach clients
Authors: Jarvis Neil
Published: February 2022

Neil Jarvis, Senior Charge Nurse and TB Lead Nurse, TB Team, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, ( neiljarvis@nhs.net ) was runner-up in the Respiratory Nurse of the Year category of the BJN Awards 2021
Clinical negligence and the blame, name, shame game
Authors: Tingle John
Published: February 2022

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses some recent reports on reform of the clinical negligence compensation system
Unpicking the reasons for missed care
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: February 2022

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, reflects on the need to understand reasons for ‘errrors of omission’ and how they relate to the environment in which nurses provide care
Leg ulcer service provision in NHS hospitals
Authors: Lian Yaping , Anderson Irene , Stather Philip
Published: February 2022

Leg ulcers are painful, distressing and common in the older population. They are costly to treat and put pressure on NHS providers. Compression therapy is the mainstay of treatment of venous leg ulceration.

Aim:

To explore the service provision for compression therapy for inpatients with leg ulcers in UK hospitals.

Methods:

An online survey was carried out to explore the service provision in hospital settings. It was distributed to Wounds UK National Conference delegates and to wound care specialist groups using social media.

Results:

The authors received 101 responses from health professionals in the UK. Of these, 67.3% reported there was no dedicated service for inpatients with leg ulceration and only 32% said compression therapy was provided in their hospitals.

Conclusion:

This survey confirmed there is a significant shortfall in care provision for patients with leg ulcers in secondary care and highlighted the wide variations in service delivery in hospitals. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for these variations.
Nursing staff confidence and knowledge when caring for people with self-harm injuries: a service improvement study
Authors: Hill Rebecca
Published: February 2022

The knowledge and confidence of nursing staff can impact re-harming rates of patients with self-harm injury. This service improvement study sought to address the knowledge, confidence and practice issues for staff nurses and healthcare assistants (HCAs) caring for patients who had presented to the emergency department (ED) with self-harm injury. The knowledge and confidence of nursing staff was reported using Likert-style questionnaires in a longitudinal study, framed within one Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) cycle. Attitudes and challenges to patient care were also sought to inform future practice. The findings, based on the responses of 10 nurses and 5 HCAs, showed an increase in knowledge and confidence among both staff groups following the education session. Of the 15 who participated, 5 provided feedback to a reflective questionnaire to assess their views 30 days after the intervention. Quantitative data revealed a perception in an increase in the standard of care. The study found that both knowledge and confidence in supporting individuals presenting with self-harm in the ED improved at 30 days post-educational intervention. The numbers in the study were small and challenge transferability, however, service improvement theory is concerned with identifying measures of success rather than statistical reliability.
Treating surgical site infection by honey antibacterial wound dressing in a neonate: a case report
Authors: Parizad Naser , Hajimohammadi Kazem , Hassanpour Amireh , Goli Rasoul
Published: February 2022

Surgical site infection (SSI) increases length of treatment, delays wound healing, increases antibiotic use and causes patient death in severe cases. This case was a boy aged 38 weeks and 4 days with a birthweight of 2100 g, a height of 42 cm and a head circumference of 32 cm. Twelve days after birth, he was admitted to hospital where a surgeon removed a sacrococcygeal teratoma. The surgical site became infected, and the infection failed to improve despite him receiving routine normal saline dressings twice a day and intravenous antibiotic therapy. The authors started treatment using an antibacterial wound dressing containing honey (Medihoney) on the SSI twice a day for a month. The infant's SSI was wholly healed after 3 months, and he was discharged from the wound treatment team in good general condition. This case shows that SSIs can be treated with honey-containing antibacterial wound gel, especially in infants who have weaker immune systems.
Resistance to care in people with dementia: challenges, responsibilities and unmet need
Authors: Pritchard Jane , Dening Karen Harrison
Published: February 2022

Resistance to care is common in people with dementia and can involve active resistance, such as shouting, or passive resistance, such as stiffening of muscles or refusing to open the mouth. Resistance occurs within a complex legal and ethical backdrop, where care staff must consider issues of consent, mental capacity, best interests and duty of care. Resistance also sits within powerful cultures of care, where care staff must resist task-orientated, dehumanising care that fails to acknowledge the personhood of people with dementia. Rather than accepting resistance as an expected part of dementia, care staff must look closer and with curiosity for underlying causes and unmet need. A biopsychosocial approach can be useful in uncovering these needs, and in allowing the structuring of a person-centred response.
Clean up time! Redesigning care after COVID-19: a position paper on the care crisis from Austria, Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Brückner Margrit , Fleischer Eva , Gather Claudia , Luck Frank , Jurczyk Karin , Rerrich Maria S. , Thiessen Barbara , Weicht Bernhard
Published: February 2022

We are a group of social scientists from Austria, Germany and Switzerland who drew attention to the care crisis in a cross-national ‘Care manifesto’ as early as 2013. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become impossible to overlook the crisis of care and we believe this provides an opportunity to correct serious shortcomings in the care sector. That is why we are putting forward a new position paper – ‘Clean up time! Redesigning care after COVID-19’ – aiming at identifying problems in the wake of the pandemic and suggesting goals, as well as the next work packages. We ask you to consider the demands in the position paper, disseminate it and discuss it in your networks and communities. Both the English and German versions are available on our website (see: https://care-macht-mehr.com/).
Cognition, care homes and COVID-19: sacrificing minds to keep bodies alive
Authors: Russell Ginny
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 restrictions are described from my standpoint with my mother living in residential care. I argue that restrictions have saved my mother’s body, through destroying her mental capacity. The unstated assumption – live bodies justify sacrificed minds – are voiced. Her quality of life remains at an all-time low, with her body preserved only through the sapping of life’s relevance through a drastic reduction in meaningful contact with her family and loved ones. I believe that my mother never would have wished to be kept alive at this cost, but, unfortunately, she no longer has capacity to discuss such issues.
The California battle for health and safety for domestic workers
Authors: Boris Eileen
Published: February 2022

This article reflects on the legislative campaign of the California Domestic Worker Coalition, including Hand in Hand: The Domestic Employers Network, to end the exclusion of household workers (nannies, personal attendants and cleaners) from occupational health-and-safety requirements. It discusses the strategies and arguments deployed, and analyses the rationale of the governor, who vetoed the bill in 2020 in the name of the home as a private space impossible to regulate. Foregrounding the voices of domestic workers, it highlights their understanding of caring labour and determination to organise for change, seen in the winning of an amended bill in 2021.
And who cares for the caregivers in times of the deadly COVID-19 pandemic in the Brazilian context?
Authors: da Silva Quadros Paulo
Published: February 2022

The goal of this article is to reflect on the value that care and caring currently assumes in the context of Brazilian health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Some denialist narratives served to transform doctors and nurses into public enemies, who often began to be harassed. The collected data were based on government documents, scientific articles and current information from journalistic media, aiming to deepen reflection on the issue of the need for recognition of the professional and humanised role of health caregivers in times of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Dynamic terahertz anisotropy and chirality enhancement in liquid-crystal anisotropic dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Zhao Hui-Jun , Fan Fei , Zhang Tian-Rui , Ji Yun-Yun , Chang Sheng-Jiang
Published: February 2022

To enhance and actively control terahertz (THz) anisotropy and chirality, we have designed and fabricated a THz composite device with a liquid crystal (LC) layer and Si anisotropic metasurface. By initial anchoring and electrically rotating the spatial orientation of the LC optical axis, the different symmetry relationships are obtained in this hybrid device. When the optical axis of LC is parallel or perpendicular to the optical axis of the Si metasurface, the anisotropy of the device will be enhanced or offset, which leads to a tunable phase-shift range of more than 180°. When there is an angle between the two optical axes, due to the destruction of the mirror symmetry in the LC-Si anisotropic medium, the highest circular dichroism of the device reaches 30 dB in the middle orientation state of the LC optical axis, and the active modulation can be realized by changing the bias electric field on the LC layer. This composite device demonstrates rich characteristics for the feasible manipulation of THz polarization conversion and chiral transmission, which can be applied in THz polarization imaging and chiral spectroscopy.
Canine testicular tumors: An 11-year retrospective study of 358 cases in Moscow Region, Russia
Authors: Gazin Aleksey A. , Vatnikov Yury A. , Sturov Nikolay V. , Kulikov Evgeny V. , Grishin Viktor , Krotova Elena A. , Razumova (Varentsova) Alisa A. , Rodionova (Sapego) Natalia Yu. , Troshina Natalia I. , Byakhova Varvara M. , Lisitskaya Ksenia V.
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Canine testicular tumors are among the most common reproductive tract tumors in male dogs and have been studied in many countries. However, to the best of our knowledge, studies with a large sample size have not been conducted in Russia. This study aimed to provide the latest information on the prevalence of canine testicular tumors in the Veterinary Oncology Scientific Center for Small Animals "Biocontrol" in Moscow, Russia, in 2010-2020 and the characteristics of the affected canine population.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients and histological reports was collected and analyzed from 358 dogs with 447 testicular tumors within 11 years.

Results: The mean age of the affected dogs was 10.4 years, whereas that of dogs with Sertoli cell tumors was 9.4 years p=0.009. This study includes mixed-breed dogs (18.4%), Yorkshire Terriers (8.8%), Labrador Retrievers (7.9%), Golden Retrievers (5.0%), and Fox Terriers (3.4%). The most common tumors were interstitial cell tumors (n=227, 50.8%). In contrast, 107 (23.9%) seminomas, 80 (17.9%) Sertoli cell tumors, 19 (7.4%) mixed germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumors, and 26 (7.6%) testicular tumors developed from cryptorchid testes, which included 16 (61.5%) Sertoli cell tumors, 10 (38.5%) seminomas, and no interstitial cell tumors.

Conclusion: This study provides baseline information on the prevalence of canine testicular tumors in the described population, including the median age of each tumor type and overrepresented dog breeds. We further found that the most common scrotal testicular tumor was interstitial cell tumor, whereas Sertoli cell tumor was the most common in cryptorchid testicles.
Effect of Addition of Clonidine to Intrathecal Bupivacaine on Postoperative Analgesia in Inguinal and Lower Limb Surgeries in Adults
Authors: Ramachandran Nanna
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND Subarachnoid block with bupivacaine is a popular technique in infra umbilical surgeries. Various adjuvants like clonidine, morphine, buprenorphine, and fentanyl are added to bupivacaine to prolong its duration of action. Clonidine is an alpha 2 adrenergic agonist with analgesic effect at spinal level. This study evaluated the effects of addition of clonidine 60 µgm to intrathecal bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia in inguinal and lower limb surgeries. The primary objective of the study was to assess the duration of postoperative analgesia. METHODS This prospective, randomized, double blind study was conducted among 60 ASA I and II patients posted for inguinal and lower limb surgeries. They were divided into two groups, Group I (clonidine) received subarachnoid block with 2.8ml bupivacaine (heavy) and 60 µgm (0.4ml) clonidine. Group II (control) received subarachnoid block with 2.8ml bupivacaine (heavy) + 0.4ml normal saline. Data was analysed using independent t test and chi-square test. ‘p’ value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The duration of postoperative analgesia was 384.20 ± 50.571 minutes in Group I as compared to 160.30 ±7.764 minutes in Group II. The time of sensory regression to T10 dermatome was 108.03 minutes in Group I as compared to 79.37 minutes in Group II. Incidence of hypotension, sedation bradycardia and side effects were comparable in both groups. Postoperative requirement of diclofenac injection was significantly lower in Group I compared to Group II. CONCLUSIONS Addition of clonidine to intrathecal bupivacaine significantly increased the duration of postoperative analgesia without significant side effects. KEY WORDS Subarachnoid Block, Intrathecal Bupivacaine, Clonidine, Postoperative Analgesia
Factors Influencing Women’s Buying Decisions while Shopping for Lingerie Products Online
Authors: Datta Dibyendu Bikash , Seal Partha , George Sanjana Mariam , Roy Senjuti
Published: February 2022

One reason driving lingerie sales in India is growing e-commerce and a rising demand for premium brands. With improved technologies, many lingerie producers are using delicate fabrics and intricate lace trimmings for lingerie of different styles to enhance lingerie demand in the country. Rising demand for lingerie sets, a growing middle-class population, and an increasing number of financially independent women are all driving this development. Many professional opportunities for women, and their access to round-the-clock internet services, have enabled them to gain trust, feel inspired, and be praised for their ability to decide. Their familiarity with technological advances like internet access via smart phones has enabled the Indian lingerie industry to shift their focus from an earlier marketing strategy of “touch and feel,” being available only in retail stores, to going online and taking the additional risk of advertising their product line on e-commerce platforms. This study found factors that influence women’s buying decisions while shopping online for lingerie products. Questionnaires were distributed to Indian women consumers to gauge their online buying intentions and multiple linear regressions were used as a statistical method to evaluate the formed hypotheses. The study revealed that convenience of shopping, variety of brands, quality of products, online discounts, delivery services and secure online payment have a positive impact on the buying decisions of Indian women regarding lingerie products. The research findings will serve as a baseline for understanding the major aspects that influence retailers’ online lingerie buying decisions.
The Jesuit college of São Tiago de Elvas: construction, materials and actors
Authors: Gato de Pinho Inês , Pereira Coutinho Maria João
Published: February 2022

The present study aims to understand the architectural history of the Jesuit College in Elvas, as well as the materials used there, and the masters who worked in its construction. It seeks, therefore, to improve our knowledge in the history of building, thus bridging the existing gap about the materials and construction systems carried out in this type of buildings in Portugal. The detailed reading of the produced documentation during the works carried in the church and college, between the end of the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century, is crucial for future works of rehabilitation in this building, as well as in others of a similar typology, either built by the Jesuits, or constructed by others in this region. This study also contributes to improve the present knowledge of the stones used, and quarries of origin, as well as who used and worked in these quarries. Furthermore, it will identify the woods used for construction, and identify the lime ovens which are fundamental to understanding all the construction process.
Retouching the wall paintings of the Nossa Senhora da Piedade Hermitage, Loulé: technical choices
Authors: Agulli Giuseppe , Proença Nuno , Revez Maria João , Raposo Marta
Published: February 2022

Given its impact on the perception of observers, the reintegration of lacunae in works of pictorial art is one of the most delicate and debated conservation-restoration actions. This text describes the methodology that guided the technical choices regarding the chromatic reintegration of the lacunae and the protective finishing of the mural surfaces in the Nossa Senhora da Piedade (Our Lady of Mercy) Hermitage, in Loulé. Additional reference is made to the way in which those choices/methodology articulated the symbolic and religious values of the hermitage paintings with the ethical and deontological principles of conservation-restoration. Although the type of intervention and its final outcome should always be discussed with the stakeholders, and eventual consultants, technical choices will necessarily be made by the conservator-restorer, who must therefore have training, experience and sensitivity adequate to the critical analysis required by this type of decision making.
The Social Value of FASB
Authors: Waymire Gregory B. , Basu Sudipta
Published: February 2022

Ramanna (Unreliable accounts: How regulators fabricate conceptual narratives to diffuse criticism.Accounting, Economics and Law: A Convivium, this issue) argues that the FASB’s new Conceptual Framework deemphasizes reliability, and especially verifiability, in favor of representational faithfulness to facilitate the FASB’s promotion of an “asset-liability” approach measured at fair values. More importantly, he argues that this change is likely to generate costly unintended consequences by undermining reporting quality. We agree and consider more broadly whether FASB creates social value through better accounting knowledge, and whether it is time to sunset the FASB monopoly in establishing accounting standards.
Thresholds for the existence of solutions to inhomogeneous elliptic equations with general exponential nonlinearity
Authors: Ishige Kazuhiro , Okabe Shinya , Sato Tokushi
Published: February 2022

In this paper we study the existence and the nonexistence of solutions to an inhomogeneous non-linear elliptic problem(P)−Δu+u=F(u)+κμ  in  RN, u>0  in  RN, u(x)→0  as  |x|→∞,- \Delta u + u = F(u) + \kappa \mu \quad {\kern 1pt} {\rm in}{\kern 1pt} \quad {{\bf R}^N},\quad u > 0\quad {\kern 1pt} {\rm in}{\kern 1pt} \quad {{\bf R}^N},\quad u(x) \to 0\quad {\kern 1pt} {\rm as}{\kern 1pt} \quad |x| \to \infty ,whereF=F(t) grows up (at least) exponentially ast→∞. HereN≥ 2,κ> 0, andμ∈Lc1(RN)\{0}\mu \in L_{\rm{c}}^1({{\bf R}^N})\backslash \{ 0\}is nonnegative. Then, under a suitable integrability condition onμ, there exists a threshold parameterκ*> 0 such that problem (P) possesses a solution if 0 <κ<κ*and it does not possess no solutions ifκ>κ*. Furthermore, in the case of 2 ≤N≤ 9, problem (P) possesses a unique solution ifκ=κ*.
Continuous flows driving branching processes and their nonlinear evolution equations
Authors: Beznea Lucian , Vrabie Cătălin Ioan
Published: February 2022

We consider on M(ℝ
d
) (the set of all finite measures on ℝ
d
) the evolution equation associated with the nonlinear operator

F
↦
Δ

F
′

+

∑

k
⩾
1

b

k

F

k

F \mapsto \Delta F' + \sum\nolimits_{k \geqslant 1} b_k F^k

, where F′ is the variational derivative of F and we show that it has a solution represented by means of the distribution of the d-dimensional Brownian motion and the non-local branching process on the finite configurations of M(ℝ
d
), induced by the sequence (bk
)
k

⩾1 of positive numbers such that

∑

k
⩾
1

b

k

⩽
1

\sum\nolimits_{k \geqslant 1} b_k \leqslant 1

. It turns out that the representation also holds with the same branching process for the solution to the equation obtained replacing the Laplace operator by the generator of a Markov process on ℝ
d
instead of the d-dimensional Brownian motion; more general, we can take the generator of a right Markov process on a Lusin topological space. We first investigate continuous flows driving branching processes. We show that if the branching mechanism of a superprocess is independent of the spatial variable, then the superprocess is obtained by introducing the branching in the time evolution of the right continuous flow on measures, canonically induced by a right continuous flow as spatial motion. A corresponding result holds for non-local branching processes on the set of all finite configurations of the state space of the spatial motion.
Vortex formation for a non-local interaction model with Newtonian repulsion and superlinear mobility
Authors: Carrillo J.A. , Gómez-Castro D. , Vázquez J.L.
Published: February 2022

We consider density solutions for gradient flow equations of the form u

t
= ∇ · (γ(u)∇ N(u)), where N is the Newtonian repulsive potential in the whole space ℝ
d
with the nonlinear convex mobility γ(u) = u

α
, and α > 1. We show that solutions corresponding to compactly supported initial data remain compactly supported for all times leading to moving free boundaries as in the linear mobility case γ(u) = u. For linear mobility it was shown that there is a special solution in the form of a disk vortex of constant intensity in space u = c
1
t
−1 supported in a ball that spreads in time like c
2
t
1/d
, thus showing a discontinuous leading front or shock. Our present results are in sharp contrast with the case of concave mobilities of the form γ(u) = u

α
, with 0 < α < 1 studied in [10]. There, we developed a well-posedness theory of viscosity solutions that are positive everywhere and moreover display a fat tail at infinity. Here, we also develop a well-posedness theory of viscosity solutions that in the radial case leads to a very detailed analysis allowing us to show a waiting time phenomena. This is a typical behaviour for nonlinear degenerate diffusion equations such as the porous medium equation. We will also construct explicit self-similar solutions exhibiting similar vortex-like behaviour characterizing the long time asymptotics of general radial solutions under certain assumptions. Convergent numerical schemes based on the viscosity solution theory are proposed analysing their rate of convergence. We complement our analytical results with numerical simulations illustrating the proven results and showcasing some open problems.
Berufliche Handlungsfähigkeit und Erfahrungswissen: Stellenwert für die Facharbeit in der digitalen Transformation
Authors: Baumhauer Maren , Meyer Rita
Published: February 2022

In diesem Beitrag wird exemplarisch für die Chemieindustrie gezeigt, dass die Herausforderungen der digitalen Transformation durch die berufliche Handlungsfähigkeit der Beschäftigten bewältigt werden können. Obwohl die Branche durch einen vergleichsweise hohen Automatisierungs- und Vernetzungsgrad gekennzeichnet ist, kommt dem Erfahrungswissen nach wie vor ein hoher Stellenwert zu. Auf der Grundlage empirischer Daten werden digitalisierungsbezogene Prozesse der Organisations- und Produktionsentwicklung dargestellt sowie die Grenzen der Digitalisierung thematisiert. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf den Deutungen und Bewältigungsstrategien der Beschäftigten im Kontext der Einführung neuer Technologien in der Produktion.
Mind the (Gender) Gap between Pay and Pension
Authors: Frommert Dina , Hagen Christine , Himmelreicher Ralf
Published: February 2022

Der Beitrag zeigt auf Basis verschiedener Datensätze geschlechterbezogene Unterschiede (Gender Gaps) in Bezug auf Stundenlöhne, Arbeitszeiten und Erwerbsbiografien, ergänzt um Informationen zur unbezahlten Care-Arbeit. In einem zweiten Schritt werden Anwartschaften der Altersvorsorge in den verschiedenen Schichten sowie zu erwartende Alterseinkünfte insgesamt skizziert. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf einer differenzierten Betrachtung der Verteilung finanzieller Größen vor und nach der Verrentung im Lebenslauf von Frauen und Männern in Deutschland. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die Gender Gaps bei der zusätzlichen Altersvorsorge deutlich größer sind als bei der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung.
Die Science Fiction und die Arbeit von übermorgen
Authors: Pfirrmann Oliver , Schmeink Lars
Published: February 2022

Der Artikel liefert einen ersten Arbeitsbericht zum BMBF-geförderten Projekt „FutureWork: Arbeit im Übergang zum 22. Jahrhundert“. Ziel des Beitrags ist die Darstellung eines methodischen Ansatzes, der in Ergänzung zu der in der Zukunftsforschung bekannten Methode der Szenariotechnik explizit auf die Einbindung kultureller Daten setzt, hier der Zukunftsvisionen der Science Fiction als Input. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Fragestellung, wie wir Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts arbeiten werden. Gerade der weitreichende Zeitrahmen ist für rein empirische Projekte schwer abzubilden. Hier halten die kulturell-kreativen Aspekte der Science Fiction eine ideale Ergänzung zur Entwicklung möglicher Szenarien bereit.