bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of gelatin on corrosion behavior of copper in acid media
Authors: Todorovic Dragisa , Milenkovic Dragan , Milosavljevic Milutin , Markovic Dragan
Published: November 2011

This paper presents the results of gelatin and benzotriazole (BTA) inhibitory
action on copper in the acid medium by the method of weight loss. The
investigation was carried out in the citric acid solution (1, 5 and 20%) at
the temperature of 293 K. Under such conditions, the gelatin showed higher
efficiency of corrosion protection in comparison to BTA. The results,
obtained through the Gibbs and Langmuir adsorption isotherm, show that
gelatin adsorption on copper surface obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm
model, as well as that the adsorption is a spontaneous process. The
polarization measurements show the potential of full passivation shift
towards more negative values, and the increase of corrosion current in both
cases but being more pronounced with the BTA. The results obtained in this
paper indicate that the inhibition gelatin can be used as the BTA substitute
for the copper corrosion protection.
Structural and magnetic properties of mechanochemically synthesized nanocrystalline titanium monoxide
Authors: Barudzija Tanja , Gusev Alexey , Jugovic Dragana , Dramicanin Miroslav , Zdujic Miodrag , Jovalekic Cedomir , Mitric Miodrag
Published: November 2011

Nano-sized titanium monoxide (TiO) powder was prepared by mechanochemical
synthesis. A mixture of commercial Ti and TiO2 (rutile) powders with the
molar ratio of 1:1 was milled in a planetary ball mill for 5, 10, 20, 30 and
60 min under argon atmosphere. The final single-phase titanium monoxide
sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic measurements
using a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (SQUID) and
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The temperature dependency of the magnetic
susceptibility is characterized by significant contribution of Pauli
paramagnetism due to conduction electrons.
Trends in Timing of Sleep in the General Population of Norway: 1980 to 2000
Authors: Sivertsen Børge , Øverland Simon , Pallesen Ståle
Published: November 2011

The aim of the current study was to examine whether the timing of sleep have changed over the last two decades. As part of a general survey of activities throughout the 24-hr. cycle, collected in 1980, 1990, and 2000 by Statistics Norway, information on sleep timing was obtained for every 15-min. interval for 1 wk. All three samples were representative of Norwegians. The age span was from 16 to 74 years. Timing of sleep was significantly delayed in 2000 compared to 1990 and especially so in 1980, but with no change in total amount of sleep. From 1980 to 2000, there was an increasing discrepancy in sleep or wake timing between weekdays and weekends. The current analyses show that people sleep as much as before but do so at different times. The increased discrepancy between weekdays and weekends indicates that overall sleep habits are poorer now than previously.
The Effects of Video and Nonnegative Social Feedback on Distorted Appraisals of Bodily Sensations and Social Anxiety
Authors: Kanai Yoshihiro , Chen Junwen , Sasagawa Satoko , Sakano Yuji
Published: November 2011

The effects of video feedback and nonnegative feedback from other people were examined as possibly ameliorating distorted appraisals of bodily sensations, as well as subjective and physiological anxiety in socially anxious individuals. Nonnegative feedback from a confederate emphasized the absence of negative outcomes (e.g., did not seem to tremble) rather than the presence of positive outcomes (e.g., looked calm). Socially anxious students were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, which received video and social feedback ( n = 12), or the control group ( n = 13). Participants were asked to give a videotaped speech twice. After the first speech, the experimental group watched the videotape of their speech and received feedback from a confederate, whereas the control group watched the video of another person's speech. The intervention improved distorted appraisal of bodily sensations and anticipatory anxiety for the experimental group. However, there were no differential effects on anxiety between the groups during speeches.
Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in U.S. Combat Veterans: A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Goodson Jason , Helstrom Amy , Halpern Jacqueline M. , Ferenschak Michael P. , Gillihan Seth J. , Powers Mark B.
Published: November 2011

Among U.S. veterans who have been exposed to combat-related trauma, significantly elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are reported. Veterans with PTSD are treated for the disorder at Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals through a variety of psychotherapeutic interventions. Given the significant impairment associated with PTSD, it is imperative to assess the typical treatment response associated with these interventions. 24 studies with a total sample size of 1,742 participants were quantitatively reviewed. Overall, analyses showed a medium between-groups effect size for active treatments compared to control conditions. Thus, the average VA-treated patient fared better than 66% of patients in control conditions. VA treatments incorporating exposure-based interventions showed the highest within-group effect size. Effect sizes were not moderated by treatment dose, sample size, or publication year. Findings are encouraging for treatment seekers for combat-related PTSD in VA settings.
Secular IQ Increases by Epigenesis? The Hypothesis of Cognitive Genotype Optimization
Authors: Greiffenstein Manfred F.
Published: November 2011

The short timescale of massive secular IQ gains (“Flynn Effect”) is inconsistent with positive selection of a recent gene mutation, but other genetic mechanisms are possible. Principles of evolutionary psychology, combined with secular trends, suggest an epigenetic explanation: the Cognitive Genome Optimization Hypothesis. Per life-history theory, favorable secular trends may change the phenotypic expression of the genotype which controls the neurophysiology of problem solving. The hypothesis posits two intermediate steps between reliable nutrition (the starting point) and higher IQs (ending point): (1) Earlier cognitive maturation and (2) further calibration of cognitive function by reliable social resources (cultural complexity, mandatory education). Unlike earlier generations, more resources can be deployed to cognitive maturation than to physical survival, and more time is available to calibrate cognitive processing into the upper end of the trait value range for intelligence. The secular trend of earlier puberty timing is critical: data show an association between puberty and higher IQ.
Exploring the General Motor Ability Construct
Authors: Ibrahim Halijah , Hear N. Paul , Blanksby Brian
Published: November 2011

Malaysian students ages 12 to 15 years ( N = 330; 165 girls, 165 boys) took the Australian Institute of Sport Talent Identification Test (AIST) and the Balance and Movement Coordination Test (BMC), developed specifically to identify sport talent in Malaysian adolescents. To investigate evidence for general aptitude ( “g”) in motor ability, a higher-order factor analysis was applied to the motor skills subtests from the AIST and BMC. First-order principal components analysis indicated that scores for the adolescent boys and girls could be described by similar sets of specific motor abilities. In particular, sets of skills identified as Movement Coordination and Postural Control were found, with Balancing Ability also emerging. For the girls, a factor labeled Static Balance was indicated. However, for the boys a more general balance ability labeled Kinesthetic Integration was found, along with an ability labeled Explosive Power. These first-order analyses accounted for 45% to 60% of the variance in the scores on the motor skills tests for the boys and girls, respectively. Separate second-order factor analyses for the boys and girls extracted a single higher-order factor, which was consistent with the existence of a motoric “g.”
A Psychometric Study of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test—Extended in a Norwegian Sample
Authors: Sletteng Ruben , Harnang Andreas K. , Hoxmark Ellen , Aslaksen Per M. , Friborg Oddgeir , Wynn Rolf
Published: November 2011

Motivation is a widely used concept in substance use treatment, and is commonly seen as a premise for change during treatment. Different measures of motivation have been suggested. A relatively new instrument is the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test–Extended (DUDIT–E), developed in Sweden. This instrument has recently been introduced in Norway. The present study examined the Motivational Index of the Norwegian version of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test-Extended (DUDIT–E). We tested whether the three-factor model (“Positive aspects of substance abuse”; “Negative aspects of substance abuse”; and “Treatment readiness”) suggested by previous studies could be replicated in a sample of Norwegian inpatients. Responses to the DUDIT–E were obtained from 105 patients admitted to inpatient substance abuse treatment in Northern Norway. Exploratory common factor analyses were used to compare the factor structure from the current sample with the Swedish sample of mainly detoxification patients and prison inmates. The current sample did not include prison inmates, and it consisted of more women than the Swedish sample. The samples did not differ according to age or substance dependency. The analyses suggested that six primary factors was the most efficient way of combining the item scores, and not 11 as in the Swedish sample. A second-order factor analysis found best support for a two-factor solution, and hence, did not replicate the previously suggested three-factor model either. Several regression analyses comparing the efficiency of the different ways of combining the DUDIT scores in primary or secondary factor scores indicated that the model involving six sum scores had best merit and should be explored further.
Development of a Device to Measure Human Sound Localization
Authors: Ede Reinhard , Scheel Norman
Published: November 2011

Measurements of human sound discrimination and localization are important for basic empirical and clinical applications. After a short survey of other methods such as evoked potentials, the development of a new device to measure human sound localization is described and its use illustrated with some examples. Built from a polyacrylic hemisphere or — in a later version — from an orbicular aluminum frame, the apparatus uses multiple speakers to emit auditory stimuli. The patient sits in the middle of the perimeter and has to press a button when a sound is perceived. In addition, the participant has to identify the correct speaker as the source of the sound. With this method it is possible to map the auditory field.
Magical Thinking and Memory: Distinctiveness Effect for TV Commercials with Magical Content
Authors: Subbotsky Eugene , Matthews Jayne
Published: November 2011

The aim of this study was to examine whether memorizing advertised products of television advertisements with magical effects (i.e., talking animals, inanimate objects which turn into humans, objects that appear from thin air or instantly turn into other objects) is easier than memorizing products of advertisements without such effects, by testing immediate and delayed retention. Adolescents and adults viewed two films containing television advertisements and were asked to recall and recognize the films' characters, events, and advertised products. Film 1 included magical effects, but Film 2 did not. On a free-recall test, no differences in the number of items recalled were noted for the two films. On the immediate recognition test, adolescents, but not adults, showed significantly better recognition for the magical than the nonmagical film. When this test was repeated two weeks later, results were reversed: adults, but not adolescents, recognized a significantly larger number of items from the magical film than the nonmagical one. These results are interpreted to accentuate the role of magical thinking in cognitive processes.
A Preliminary Study of Sex Differences in Brain Activation during a Spatial Navigation Task in Healthy Adults
Authors: Sneider Jennifer Tropp , Rogowska Jadwiga , Sava Simona , Yurgelun-Todd Deborah A.
Published: November 2011

The hippocampus plays a significant role in spatial memory processing, with sex differences being prominent on various spatial tasks. This study examined sex differences in healthy adults, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in areas implicated in spatial processing during navigation of a virtual analogue of the Morris water-maze. There were three conditions: learning, hidden, and visible control. There were no significant differences in performance measures. However, sex differences were found in regional brain activation during learning in the right hippocampus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and the cingulate cortex. During the hidden condition, the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and cingulate cortex were activated in both men and women. Additional brain areas involved in spatial processing may be recruited in women when learning information about the environment, by utilizing external cues (landmarks) more than do men, contributing to the observed sex differences in brain activation.
Internal Consistency and Construct Validity of Two Versions of the Revised Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire
Authors: Campos Alfredo
Published: November 2011

The Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ; Marks, 1973) is the questionnaire most extensively used to measure imagery vividness, but two newer versions have been developed. In this study, the reliability and construct validity of these two measures were assessed: the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire–2 (VVIQ–2) and the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire–Revised Version (VVIQ–RV). A total of 206 undergraduate psychology students completed both questionnaires, and to assess construct validity, they also completed the Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire (OSIVQ), Betts' Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery (Betts' QMI), and the Measure of Ability to Form Spatial Mental Imagery (MASMI). Internal consistency reliability for both was high, with the VVIQ–RV having a Cronbach's alpha of .96, and the VVIQ–2 an alpha of .91. The construct validity of the VVIQ–RV and the VVIQ–2 was supported by the high correlations they had with the other three measures of imagery, which were all close to .50, and the very small correlations (.06–.07) they had with the Verbal scale of the OSIVQ, indicating that they validly measured the imagery construct. Thus, the findings support the two versions as equally valid psychometric instruments for measuring image vividness.
Sport Stacking Activities in School Children's Motor Skill Development
Authors: Li Yuhua , Coleman Diane , Ransdell Mary , Coleman Lyndsie , Irwin Carol
Published: November 2011

This study examined the impact of a 12-wk. sport stacking intervention on reaction time (RT), manual dexterity, and hand-eye coordination in elementary school-aged children. 80 Grade 2 students participated in a 15-min. sport stacking practice session every school day for 12 wk., and were tested on psychomotor performance improvement. Tests for choice RT, manual dexterity, and photoelectric rotary pursuit tracking were conducted pre- and post-intervention for both experimental group ( n = 36) and the controls ( n = 44) who did no sport stacking. Students who had the intervention showed a greater improvement in two-choice RT. No other group difference was found. Such sport stacking activities may facilitate children's central processing and perceptual-motor integration.
Footwear and Locomotor Skill Performance in Preschoolers
Authors: Robinson Leah E. , Rudisill Mary E. , Weimar Wendi H. , Shroyer Justin F. , Breslin Casey M. , Morera Maria
Published: November 2011

The effect of footwear on locomotor skill performance was examined. 12 children (4 boys, 8 girls; M age = 56.3 mo., SD = 3.3) served as participants. Participants were randomly assigned to perform the locomotor subscale of Ulrich's Test of Gross Motor Development in two shoe conditions (Condition 1: Stride Rite® athletic shoes, and Condition 2: flip flop sandals). Children scored significantly higher when wearing athletic shoes than flip-flop sandals. This finding is relevant for motor performance and safety in physical education and movement programs.
The Effect of Women's Suggestive Clothing on Men's Behavior and Judgment: A Field Study
Authors: Guéguen Nicolas
Published: November 2011

Numerous studies have shown that men overestimate the sexual intent of women based on their clothing style; however, this hypothesis has not been assessed empirically in a natural setting. This small field study measured the time it took for men to approach two female confederates sitting in a tavern, one wearing suggestive clothes and one wearing more conservative clothes. The behavior of 108 men was observed over 54 periods on 16 different nights in two different taverns. The time it took for the men to approach after initial eye contact was significantly shorter in the suggestive clothing condition. The men were also asked by male confederates to rate the likelihood of having a date with the women, and having sex on the first date. The men rated their chances to have a date and to have sex significantly higher in the suggestive clothing condition. Results are discussed with respect to men's possible misinterpretation that women's clothing indicates sexual interest, and the risks associated with the misinterpretation.
Social Acceptance of Comparative Optimism and Realism
Authors: Milhabet I. , Verlhiac J-F.
Published: November 2011

Studies of optimism and realism (the accuracy of people's outlook on the future) seek to understand the respective effects of these elements on social approbation. Two experiments examined how comparative optimism (vs pessimism) and realism (vs unrealism) interacted to influence the targets' social acceptance based on their perceptions about the future. The results showed that realism, or accuracy of prediction, increased the positive social effects of a comparatively optimistic outlook on the future. In contrast, targets who exhibited comparative pessimism were more socially acceptable when their predictions were unrealistic rather than realistic. This phenomenon was examined by also considering the polarity of the events about which judgments were expressed. These results contribute to the body of research about the relationship between optimism and pessimism and the relationship between optimism and realism.
Investment in Personal Development Scale: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Mathes Eugene W.
Published: November 2011

Life history theory suggests that reproduction of the species involves three areas of investment: personal development, mating, and nurturing offspring. Using the rational method of test construction, a 29-item scale was constructed to measure investment in personal development, the Investment in Personal Development Scale. Scale scores were statistically significantly correlated with age, year in school, identity commitment, and conscientiousness.
Comparison of the Body-Sway Characteristics of Young Adults Compared to Healthy Elderly and Elderly with Equilibrium Disorder
Authors: Kitabayashi Tamotsu , Uchiyama Masanobu , Demura Shin-Ichi , Kawabata Haruka , Demura Tomohiro
Published: November 2011

The study compared body-sway characteristics of 380 young adults, 342 generally healthy elderly without disequilibrium disorders, and a group of 33 elderly with disequilibrium disorders. Center of foot pressure (COP) was measured for 1 min. using an Anima's stabilometer G5500 with a data sampling frequency of 20 Hz. Four high reliability measures were used to evaluate body sway (unit time sway, front-back sway, and a left-right sway, and high frequency band power). Unit time sway, left-right sway, and high frequency band power were significantly larger for the group of elderly with disequilibrium disorders, and smaller for the healthy elderly people and young adults, in that order. Front-back sway was significantly larger in the elderly with disequilibrium disorders and healthy elderly than in young adults. The elderly with disequilibrium disorders had a larger and faster sway than young adults as well as the healthy elderly, particularly in the left-right direction. It appears aging was specifically associated with larger influence on the front-back sway.
Effects of Age, Task, and Frequency on Variability of Finger Tapping
Authors: Sommervoll Yngve , Ettema Gertjan , Vereijken Beatrix
Published: November 2011

The goal was to assess whether prior studies might have overestimated performance variability in older adults in dual task conditions by relying on primary motor tasks that are not constant with aging. 30 younger and 31 older adults performed a bimanual tapping task at four different frequencies in isolation or concurrently with a secondary task. Results showed that performance of younger and older adults was not significantly different in performing the tapping task at all frequencies and with either secondary task, as indicated by mean tapping performance and low number of errors in the secondary tasks. Both groups showed increased variability as tapping frequency increased and with the presence of a secondary task. Tapping concurrently while reading words increased tapping variability more than tapping concurrently while naming colours. Although older participants' performances were overall more variable, no interaction effects with age were found and at the highest frequencies of tapping, younger and older participants did not differ in performance.
The Use of Mouse and One- and Two-Finger Input Methods for Searching a Large, Horizontal Display
Authors: Hsu Chun-Chia , Huang Han-Guang
Published: November 2011

A horizontal, table-sized computer display was used to examine one- and two-finger search performances. 31 college students participated in a basic computer operation and target landmark search task. The mean completion times of the target landmark search task were analyzed by a repeated-measures analysis of variance with the following factors: input device, environmental familiarity, and cue. Compared to the mouse, directly touching the computer display with one finger was inefficient when the task required more precise human-computer interactions, such as selecting small objects, or complicated tasks such as searching for targets in a computerized geographic application. However, directly touching the computer display with two fingers, one finger of each hand, appears efficient in complicated tasks. Additionally, familiar and cued environments can aid in the target landmark search task especially when searching within the cued conditions. However, the unfavorable effect of using a one-finger touch technique in searching may eliminate such cue effects.
Comment on Bohannon (2011): “Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test: Usefulness for Older Patients in a Home-Care Setting”
Authors: Lindemann Ulrich
Published: November 2011

Bohannon (2011) found that the five-repetition sit-to-stand test had limited usefulness for older patients in a home-care setting because most of the patients were not able to perform the test. However, the five-repetition sit-to-stand test can be modified in several ways, if assessment of lower limbs' performance is required by functional testing. Depending on the cohort and on parameters of interest, functional tests and objective biomechanical measures can be used.
Trichophyton rubrum manipulates the innate immune functions of human keratinocytes
Authors: García-Madrid Luz , Huizar-López María , Flores-Romo Leopoldo , Islas-Rodríguez Alfonso
Published: November 2011

Evasion or subversion of host immune responses have been shown for a variety of microorganisms, and this might be the case for Trichophyton rubrum, the most common pathogenic fungus causing chronic dermatophytosis in humans. Keratinocytes, the main epidermal cells, have important roles as a first defense against microbial challenges in local immune reactions. Epidermal keratinocytes express several Toll-like receptors and produce host defense peptides, cytokines and chemokines in response to various stimuli. We analyzed the expression of Toll-Like receptor TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, and Human Beta Defensin (HBD)-1, HBD-2, Interleukin IL-1b and IL-8 production, when exposing primary keratinocyte cultures to T. rubrum. We observed changes in size and granularity of keratinocytes stimulated with either whole conidia or conidial homogenates compared to other treatments. Intact conidia decreased keratinocytes’ TLR2 and TLR6 expression without affecting that of TLR4, while conidial homogenates increased the expression of these three receptors. Interestingly, whole conidia decreased HBD-1 and HBD-2 production, whereas conidial homogenate increased it. No changes were observed in IL-1b and IL-8 production after stimulation with conidia or conidial homogenate. CONCLUSIONS. Our results suggest that: 1) Keratinocytes can recognize and respond to cell wall components of T. rubrum; 2) Viable intact conidia inhibit TLR-2 and TLR6 expression and decrease HBD-1 and HBD-2 production; 3) Conidial homogenate from T. rubrum increases the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 and induces HBD-1 and HBD-2 production; 4) Therefore, innate immune functions of keratinocytes as the first level of local skin immunity are apparently manipulated by T. rubrum, likely to ensure its establishment, persistence and survival.
Pathogenic and mutualistic plant-bacteria interactions: ever increasing similarities
Authors: Soto María , Nogales Joaquina , Pérez-Mendoza Daniel , Gallegos María-Trinidad , Olivares José , Sanjuán Juan
Published: November 2011

Plant-interacting bacteria can establish either mutualistic or pathogenic interactions that cause beneficial or detrimental effects respectively, to their hosts. In spite of the completely different outcomes, accumulating evidence indicates that similar molecular bases underlie the establishment of these two contrasting plant-bacteria associations. Recent findings observed in the mutualistic nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium-legume symbiosis add new elements to the increasing list of similarities. Amongst these, in this review we describe the role of plant resistance proteins in determining host specificity in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis that resemble the gene-for-gene resistance of plant-pathogen interactions, and the production of antimicrobial peptides by certain legumes to control rhizobial proliferation within nodules. Amongst common bacterial strategies, cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) appears to be a second messenger used by both pathogenic and mutualistic bacteria to regulate key features for interaction with their plant hosts.
Bacterial Hha-like proteins facilitate incorporation of horizontally transferred DNA
Authors: Paytubi Sonia , García Jesús , Juárez Antonio
Published: November 2011

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), non-hereditary transfer of genetic material between organisms, accounts for a significant proportion of the genetic variability in bacteria. In Gram negative bacteria, the nucleoid-associated protein H-NS silences unwanted expression of recently acquired foreign DNA. This, in turn, facilitates integration of the incoming genes into the regulatory networks of the recipient cell. Bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae express an additional protein, the Hha protein that, by binding to H-NS, potentiates silencing of HGT DNA. We provide here an overview of Hha-like proteins, including their structure and function, as well as their evolutionary relationship. We finally present available information suggesting that, by expressing Hha-like proteins, bacteria such as Escherichia coli facilitate HGT incorporation and hence, the impact of HGT in their genetic diversity.
Pathogenicity and biotechnological applications of the genus Burkholderia
Authors: Paganin Patrizia , Tabacchioni Silvia , Chiarini Luigi
Published: November 2011

Bacteria belonging to the genus Burkholderia are well known for their adaptability to habitats as diverse as freshwater sediments, lungs of cystic fibrosis patients and plant tissues. This genus includes also plant, animal and human pathogenic species, such as Burkholderia glumae, Burkholderia pseudomallei and the Burkholderia cepacia complex. Over the past few years, several newly discovered non-pathogenic plant associated Burkholderia species have raised particular interest for their potential use in plant growth promotion, biocontrol of plant pathogens, phytoremediation and xenobiotics degradation. Highlights from recent studies on the taxonomy, ecology and pathogenicity of different species of the Burkholderia genus are presented with the aim to evaluate their potential use in biotechnology.
Paraprofessional Perspectives on Promoting Self-Determination among Elementary and Secondary Students with Severe Disabilities
Authors: Carter Erik W. , Sisco Lynn G. , Lane Kathleen Lynne
Published: November 2011

Although paraprofessionals play a prominent role in the education of students with severe disabilities, little is known about the roles these school staff play in fostering self-determination. In this descriptive study, researchers examined the extent to which 347 paraprofessionals employed at 135 randomly selected schools (a) considered each of seven self-determination skills to be important instructional areas for the students with whom they work and (b) reported providing instruction to students in each of these skill areas. Although paraprofessionals generally attached high importance to these elements of self-determination, the extent to which they provided instruction was somewhat variable. Moreover, ratings of some self-determination elements differed based on the school level (i.e., elementary vs. secondary school) and educational setting (e.g., special vs. general education classroom) in which paraprofessionals provided support. Although paraprofessionals reported some familiarity with the overarching construct of self-determination, they infrequently received training on this domain. Recommendations for research and practice aimed at equipping paraprofessionals to support self-determination are provided.
“That's How We Do It”: Friendship Work between High School Students with and without Autism or Developmental Disability
Authors: Rossetti Zachary S.
Published: November 2011

This is an interpretivist qualitative study that explores the contexts and dynamics of friendships among three groups of young adults; each group included an individual with autism or severe disability and high school students without disabilities. Data were collected through ethnographic methods where friends interacted together. Particular attention was paid to how friendships were enacted when one individual does not speak, struggles with initiation or movement, experiences anxiety, and/or uses a wheelchair. Students without disabilities tended to provide more of the help in these relationships to sustain their connection as friends and maintain opportunities to interact. The findings include examples and discussions of how the students with and without disabilities enacted their meaningful relationships.
Getting Ready to Translate: Cytoplasmic Maturation of Eukaryotic Ribosomes
Authors: Panse Vikram Govind
Published: November 2011

The ribosome is the 'universal ribozyme' that is responsible for the final step of decoding genetic information into proteins. While the function of the ribosome is being elucidated at the atomic level, in comparison, little is known regarding its assembly in vivo and intracellular
transport. In contrast to prokaryotic ribosomes, the construction of eukaryotic ribosomes, which begins in the nucleolus, requires >200 evolutionary conserved non-ribosomal trans-acting factors, which transiently associate with pre-ribosomal subunits at distinct assembly stages and
perform specific maturation steps. Notably, pre-ribosomal subunits are transported to the cytoplasm in a functionally inactive state where they undergo maturation prior to entering translation. In this review, I will summarize our current knowledge of the eukaryotic ribosome assembly pathway
with emphasis on cytoplasmic maturation events that render pre-ribosomal subunits translation competent.
Balancing Victimhood and Complicity in Austrian History Textbooks
Authors: Markova Ina
Published: November 2011

This article focuses on the impact of images on reconstructions of the past. In order to analyze the function of images in history textbooks, image-discourse analysis is applied to a case study of Austrian postwar memory. The analysis of recent Austrian history textbooks provides insight into strategies by which notions of Austria as both "victim" and "perpetrator" of the National Socialist regime are held in balance. The article also focuses on the intentional framing of iconic depictions of two central Austrian sites of memory, Heroes' Square (Heldenplatz) and the State Treaty (Staatsvertrag).
Learning to Remember Slavery
Authors: Spalding Nikki
Published: November 2011

Drawing on the fields of education, memory, and cultural studies, this article argues that as important cultural memory products, government-sponsored museum education initiatives require the same attention that history textbooks receive. It investigates the performance of recent shifts in historical consciousness in the context of museum field trip sessions developed in England in tandem with the 2007 bicentenary of the abolition of the slave trade. Analysis of fieldwork data is presented in order to illustrate some of the complexities inherent in the way difficult histories are represented and taught to young people in the twenty-first century, particularly in relation to citizenship education.
Study on topographical distribution of carcinoma larynx
Authors: Hossain Md Alamgir , Ali Mohammad Idrish , Rahman Masroor , Huque SM Nazmul , Alam Md Morshed , Islam Md Azharul , Ahmed Sabah Uddin
Published: November 2011

Objectives: To find out the sites of involvement of carcinoma larynx. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from January, 2006 to December, 2007 at the Department of ENT and Head-Neck Surgery of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. This study included 147 cases with of carcinoma larynx. Results: Among 147 cases in this study near age was 54.53 years the pearl incidence was 6th to 7th decade; male: female rate 28.4: 1. Majority of case were related to cultivation (42.6%), came for rural area (66.7%), socioeconomic group (68%) and illiterate (49.7%). Regarding habit most of them were more than one habits (87.7%) patients were smokers, duration of smoking habit varied from 2 years to more than 40 years and per day consumption from 3-32 sticks. 100% of female had the, habit of betel leaf chewing in this study. The common symptom was hoarseness of voice (93.8%) followed by dysphagia (61.6%) respiratory distress (52.4%), earache (6.8%) cases, haemoptysis and neck pain in small proportion. Indirect larygoscopic examination: Supraglottic carcinoma extension to one dial wall of pyriform fossa and valecular / bare of the tongue were present in (11.5%) and 8.7 cases respectively. 73.4% cases were more then one subsites involvement. Impaired vocal cord morbidity was found in 30.9% and fixed cord was 49.6%, 55.2% cases were airway inadequate, nodal involvement was 46.9%, 98.6% nodal involvement in supraglotic region, 65.2% were NI stage followed by N2 (21.7% and N3 (13%) distribution of the carcinoma larynx were supraglottic 74.10 glottic 25.10% and subglottic 0.70% more than one insite involvement were 88%, in supraglottic epiglottis 5.5%, any epiglottic folds 4.6% or glend 0.9% and ventricular bands were 0.9%. In the subsite of the glottic carcinoma glottic proper 37.8% followed by more then one insite (32.4%) anterior commissure 18.4% and posterior commissure 10.8%, 55% of the patient were Grade II and 49.6% were stage III. Conclusion: Incidence of supraglottic carcinoma was more common, involvement of more than one single site also common. Key words: Carcinoma larynx; supraglottic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v17i2.8848 BJO 2011; 17(2): 96-103
Endoscopic sinus surgery: experience of 60 cases
Authors: Mustafa Md Golam , Ahmed Khabiruddin , Hasan Mahmudal
Published: November 2011

Objective: To study the quality of life in patient who underwent ESS operation. Design and setting: A prospective study conducted over a period of one(01) year; from July 2004 to June 2005 in Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery Department of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: Hospital admitted 60(Sixty) cases of ESS patients were included and analyzed. 42 cases were male; whereas 18 cases were female in this study. 21-40 years (44 cases) were the commonest age group of study people. No significant/ alarming complications were recorded during post operative period. Conclusion: Instead of all limitations, outcome of ESS is more acceptable in comparison with conventional sinus surgery. The main symptoms, like nasal obstruction, discharge, headache and facial pain get relieved off dramatically which is compatible with other recognized study. Key words: Endoscopic sinus surgery; open the sinuses; restore normal air flow. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v17i2.8849 BJO 2011; 17(2): 104-109
Association between allergic rhinitis and sino-nasal polyposis
Authors: Kamal Mohammad Shah , Ahmed Khabir Uddin , Humayun Parvez , Atiq Taufiq , Hossain Anwar , Rasel Mohammad Asaduzzaman
Published: November 2011

Objective: To investigate the role of allergy in nasal polyposis. Methods: 60 patients of nasal polyposis were selected randomly in a multicentric prospective trial from July 2006 to July 2008. Data were collected from the patient by personal interview, clinical examination and laboratory tests in a prescribed protocol. Socio-demographic character and presentation of the samples were studied and according to the symptoms of allergy those were submitted to skin pick test with a large series of seasonal and perennial airborne allergens. Results were presented in a tabulated form. Results: The incidence of nasal polyposis was highest among the people of 5th decade (40%) with male predominance (53.33%). The majority of the patients came from rural area (76.67%) and most of them were farmer (50%) and came from relatively poor class (73.33%). All the patients presented with significant nasal obstruction (100%). Next common presentations were running nose 90%, headache 80%, sneezing 70% and nasal itching 40%. Severity of symptoms increased with the exposure of national allergens (20%), food allergens (30%) and drugs (3.33%). 10% of patients were suffering from bronchial asthma. 20% patients with nasal polyposis were positive on Skin prick tests(SPT) with airborne allergens. A review of the clinical histories of SPT-positive patients revealed the presence of obstructive rhinitis and chronic rhinorrhea in most cases, whereas acute symptoms, such as sneezing and itching, were reported by a minority of subjects. Conclusion: Clinically evident respiratory allergies, particularly to perennial airborne allergens, play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. Key words: Allergic rhinitis; nasal polyposis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v17i2.8851 BJO 2011; 17(2): 117-120
Thyroid surgery without drain
Authors: Aich Mani Lai , Kamruzzaman M , Alam ABM Khorshed , Taous Ahmmad , Abdullah M
Published: November 2011

Use of surgical drains after thyroid surgery is standard surgical practice to prevent lifethreatening complications, arising from post-operative haematoma. There is increasing evidence to suggest that this is an outdated practice. This study determines whether thyroid surgery can be safely performed without the routine use of drains. This cross sectional study was done for two years and one hundred thyroidectomies were performed. No drains were inserted in any patient. Complications of thyroid surgery in this series were seroma formation (5%) cases and minor haematoma was only 1%. Re-exploration for bleeding was not encountered in any cases in this series. There is no evidence to suggest the routine use of surgical drains following uncomplicated thyroid surgery. Key words: Thyroid Surgery; Drain DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v17i2.8852 BJO 2011; 17(2): 121-124
A unique foreign body in bronchus: surgical challenge
Authors: Solanki Bharti , Purohit Govind Narayan
Published: November 2011

Exogenous foreign bodies in tracheo bronchial tree are not uncommon, particularly in children. The gold standard principal of foreign body management is bronchoscopic removal and this procedure becomes difficult and challenging in cases of large and smooth foreign body as occur in our case. The present article reports a case of unique and large foreign body i.e. intact glass bulb in right main bronchus. Key words: Foreign body; Bronchus.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v17i2.8854 BJO 2011; 17(2): 132-134
Primary papillary carcinoma in thyroglossal cyst
Authors: Saha Kanu Lal , Datta Pran Gopal , Datta Utpal Kumar , Biswas Ashim Kumar , Begum Ferdousy
Published: November 2011

Introduction: Thyroglossal cyst is the most common congenital midline neck swelling. Most of the cases are benign with rare malignant transformation is approximately in 1-2% cases. Only about 200 cases have been reported from different centers since 1911. Clinical presentation is similar to that of benign cyst and diagnosis is usually made incidentally during histopathological examination of excised cyst. Case report: We report a case of 46-year-old woman who underwent Sistrunk’s operation for thyroglossal cyst. Histopathological examination revealed papillary carcinoma. Thyroxine was added in suppressive dose and patient was on regular follow-up for 2 years. No thyroid abnormality was found preoperative cytology, scintigraphy as well as per-operative procedure and post-operative follow-up period. Conclusion: Sistrunk’s operation followed by suppressive dose of thyroxin and regular follow up is recommended for thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma in asymptomatic incidental case without the cyst wall invasion. Key words: Thyroglossal cyst; papillary carcinoma; Sistrunk’s operation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v17i2.8855 BJO 2011; 17(2): 135-138
Impacted porcelain foreign body in the nasopharynx: a clinical enigma
Authors: Dutta Mainak , Ghatak Soumya , Sen Indranil , Saha Jayanta , Biswas Gautam , Sinha Ramanuj , Adhikary Bibhas
Published: November 2011

Nasopharynx is an exceptionally rare anatomical location for foreign body impaction. We present a unique case of foreign body made of porcelain lodged in the nasopharynx of a one and a half year old child for more than a month. The foreign body had been introduced perorally and had subsequently got impacted in the nasopharynx following amateur digital manipulation. Presence of porcelain foreign body in the nasopharynx has never been reported before. Removal of the foreign body was performed under general anesthesia. This rare situation is potentially dangerous, since its dislodgment may cause fatal airway obstruction. Therefore, in all cases with missing foreign bodies in the aerodigestive system, nasopharyngeal impaction should be kept in mind and examination of the region should be considered. Key Words: Impacted foreign body; nasopharynx; porcelain DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v17i2.8856 BJO 2011; 17(2): 139-143
Gunshot injury neck: an amazing case
Authors: Gupta Nitin , Yadav RC
Published: November 2011

Introduction: In this era use of firearms has become more prevalent in society. There is increase in numbers of firearm homicidal and suicidal victims. Injuries from gunshot wounds of head and neck vary in extant and significance, forming a spectrum from trivial to life threatening lesions. The head and neck have many vital structures confined to a small area of body, and hence in the event of head and neck trauma, there is greater potential of leading to a fatality. Case report: We report a case of homicidal gunshot injury (close range) sustained in the neck region, with the bullet having travelled through the neck without causing any mortality and little morbidity to the victim. Conclusion: Penetrating through and through, gunshot injury neck without causing any mortality and any significant morbidity is a very amazing incidence. Key words: Firearm; Gunshot; Bullet; Homicidal; Close range injury DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v17i2.8857 BJO 2011; 17(2): 144-146
Palliative oesophagogastrectomy for dysphagia due to adenocarcinoma at the esophagogastric junction
Authors: Choudhury Md Abdul Mobin , Shaikh Md Abdul Alim
Published: November 2011

Dysphagia is the usual presenting feature of oesophageal cancer & is generally a sign of advanced disease. Palliation in this disease demands relief of dysphagia. Palliation of dysphagia can be achieved in a number of ways which includes surgical resection, stenting, laser ablation, photodynamic therapy, ethanol necrosis & bipolar coagulation. We report here a case of dysphagia due to lower oesophageal adenocarcinoma treated by palliative oesophagogestrectomy. Key words: Dysphagia; Adenocarcinoma at oesophagogastric junction; Palliative oesophagogestrectomy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v17i2.8859 BJO 2011; 17(2): 150-153
Effect of Root Extract Fractions of Kyllinga triceps Rottb on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Vanapatla Swaroopa Rani , Mohan G Krishna , Kumar B Ravi
Published: November 2011

The present study was aimed to evaluate the root extract fractions of Kyllinga triceps (KT) for their antidiabetic potential on streptozotocin induced diabetes in neonatal rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (90mg/kg) to 48±2h old neonatal rats. Effect of root extract fractions (toluene, ethyl acetate, 1- butanol at 50 &100 mg/kg.) were tested for their antihyperglycemic activity by measuring their fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats at 0,2,4,6,8,12 & 24 h after the treatment. In sub acute study ethyl acetate fraction of KT (EAKT) was administered daily to diabetic rats orally at a dose of 100mg/kg for 28 days. Body weight of the animals and blood glucose level were observed at weekly interval during the study. Cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, SGPT, ALP, creatinine and total proteins level in serum were also estimated at the initial and after 28 days of the treatment. As the preliminary investigation conducted in our lab on methanolic extract of the roots of KT had showed significant oral glucose tolerance with 200 mg/kg in normal rats. Oral administration of fractions of the plant significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats. Among the fractions, EAKT was found to be more effective. Further, in sub-acute study, EAKT, showed a significant anti diabetic activity by reversal of the altered afore said serum biochemical parameters. The results of the study are substantiating the traditional claim of the roots of Kyllinga triceps in the treatment of diabetes with a scope for development of antidiabetic herbal drug from EAKT.   Key words: Antidiabetic activity; Kyllinga triceps; Ethyl acetate fraction; Streptozotocin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i1.8863 SJPS 2011; 4(1): 25-30
Artefacts and sites: a long and problematic relationship
Authors: Jones Rebecca H. , Ralston Ian
Published: November 2011

A range of issues relevant to understanding and evaluating the relationships between artefacts and the sites and monuments with which they are associated is raised and illustrated with Scottish case studies.