bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein‐losing enteropathy as the first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report from Sudan
Authors: Abdalla Elham , Mohymeed Noon , Nail Abdelsalam M. A. , Tonga Rayan Ali , Alfatih Mohammed , Abdalfdeel Almahie Shaban Mohannad , Eltoum Hassan
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

In low‐ and middle‐income countries, protein‐losing enteropathy is a diagnosis of exclusion. SLE should be on the list of differential diagnoses of protein‐losing enteropathy, especially if the patient had a long history of GI symptoms and ascites.

Protein‐losing enteropathy can rarely be the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Protein‐losing enteropathy is a diagnosis of exclusion in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Protein‐losing enteropathy in SLE should be in the list of differential diagnosis of unexplained ascites, especially if patient had long history of gastrointestinal symptoms. We present a case of 33 years old male with long standing gastrointestinal symptoms and diarrhea attributed previously to irritable bowel syndrome. Presented with progressive abdominal distension, and diagnosed with ascites. Workup for him showed leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbumenemia, elevated inflammatory markers (ESR 30, CRP 6.6), high cholesterol level (306 mg/dL), normal renal profile and normal urine analysis. Ascitic tab pale yellow with SAAG 0.9 and positive for adenosine deaminase (66 u/L) sugesstive for tuberculous peritonitis although quantitative PCR and geneXpert for MBT was negative. Antituberculous treatment was started and his condition deteriorated, immediately antituberculous was withdrawal. Further tests revealed positive serology for ANA (1:320 speckled pattern) with positive anti‐RNP/Sm, positive anti‐Sm antibodies. Complements level were normal. He started immunosuppressive therapy (prednisolone 10 mg/day, hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day, azathioprine 100 mg/day). In addition, his condition is improved Diagnosis was made as SLE with Protein‐losing enteropathy based on hypoalbumenemia (with exclusion of renal loss of protein), ascites, hypercholesrtolemia and exclusions of other mimics as explained later. As well as positive response to immunosuppressive medications. Our patient diagnosed clinically as SLE with protein‐losing enteropathy. Protein‐losing enteropathy in SLE is challenging in diagnosis because of its rarity as well as limitations in its diagnostic tests.
A case of TAFRO syndrome with DIC and neurologic and cardiac involvement
Authors: Moy Lindsay N. , Patel Mauli , Eschbach Josiah , Knouse Phillip , Gálvez Ángel
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

We highlight a novel case of TAFRO syndrome with disseminated intravascular coagulation, neurologic changes, and non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy. Through this clinical vignette, we hope to raise awareness of TAFRO syndrome and encourage providers to maintain a high level of suspicion for it when evaluating patients who meet the diagnostic criteria.
Light‐Promoted Germylation of Aryl Propiolamides/Alkynoates: Synthesis of Ge‐Containing Spiro[4.5]trienones and Vinylgermanes
Authors: Luo Yani , Lv Leiyang , Li Zhiping
Published: May 2023

The light‐promoted regioselective germylation of aryl propiolamides/alkynoates with germanium hydrides is reported. The germyl‐containing spiro[4.5]trienones were obtained when N‐arylpropiolamides were used via sequential C−Ge and C−C bond formation, while aryl alkynoates delivered the vinylgermanes with radical Smiles rearrangement and CO2 release.
3‐Ligated Phenothiazinyl‐terephthalonitrile Dyads and Triads ‐ Synthesis, Electronic Properties, Delayed Fluorescence and Electronic Structure
Authors: Kloeters Laura N. , Meissner Jan A. , Presser Lysander , Suta Markus , Meisner Jan , Müller Thomas J. J.
Published: May 2023

The bromine‐lithium exchange‐borylation‐Suzuki sequence efficiently furnishes phenothiazine‐terephthalonitrile donor‐acceptor dyads and triads in high yields. In contrast to most phenothiazine‐acceptor conjugates the title compounds are ligated in p‐position to the phenothiazine nitrogen atom. Moreover, the acceptors are either directly linked or ligated by an arylene bridge and p‐anisyl N‐substituents on the phenothiazine are chosen to lock the tricycle into an intra‐configuration. Cyclic voltammetry reveals effects of bridging and ligation of the N‐substituent. Optical spectroscopy likewise displays similar band gaps, large Stokes shifts and substantial to high quantum yields in solution, in the solid state and in PMMA matrix. Time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy indicates quite long fluorescence decay times in solution and emission components in the microsecond time range. TADF properties are further assessed by fluorescence increase in deoxygenated solution, gated emission spectroscopy and temperature‐dependent determination of phosphorescence. The nature of the electronically excited states is investigated by DFT/MRCI. While for the directly ligated dyad a singlet‐triplet energy gap Δ
of 0.24 eV can be estimated and is consistently confirmed by quantum chemical calculations on the lowest energy conformer, even lower
of 0.029 and 0.008 eV are estimated for the investigated dyads and the triad in the solid state and in PMMA matrix.
A Pyramidal Metal–Organic Frameworks‐Derived FeP@CoP Aluminium‐Ion Battery Cathode Displaying Low‐Temperature Tolerance and Fast Electron Transfer Kinetics
Authors: Bai Haiyuan , Tao Kehao , Yan Zicong , Zhan Xinju , Zhang Huigang , Han Tianli , Liu Jinyun , Li Jinjin
Published: May 2023

Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Engineering appropriate cathode materials is significant for the development of high‐performance aluminum‐ion (Al‐ion) batteries. Here, a pyramidal metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)‐derived FeP@CoP composite was developed as cathode, which exhibits good stability and high capacity. FeP@CoP cathode maintains a high capacity of 168 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles, and displays a stable rate‐performance at both room and low temperatures of −10 °C. After three rounds of rate‐performance cycling, the FeP@CoP composite recovers 178.2 mAh g−1 at 0.3 A g−1. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations verify improved electron‐transfer kinetics with narrowed band gap and enhanced density of states. These findings inspire a broad set of studies on MOFs‐derived composites for high‐performance secondary batteries.
Degradation of wastewater from carbon capture plants using metal‐impregnated TiO2 photocatalyst
Authors: Bommavaram Kishore , Ali Feysal M. , Ibrahim Hussameldin
Published: May 2023

Amine‐based carbon capture (ABCC) is an advanced and cost‐effective technology used to reduce the effects of climate change by capturing emitted from different sources. Although it has been demonstrated commercially, amine degradation poses a significant threat to humans and aquatic life. Amine degradation produces a wide variety of complex products such as nitrosamines and some organic acids. Some of these products are carcinogenic and mutagenic in nature and have demonstrated acute toxicity for laboratory animals. In order to mitigate the adverse impact of these compounds on human health and aquatic life, heterogeneous photocatalysis, an advanced oxidation process which can degrade a wide variety of chemical species with potent reactive hydroxyl radicals, was considered for the degradation of these compounds. The photocatalytic degradation of N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), acetic acid, and formic acid were tested using TiO2 and metal‐impregnated TiO2 catalysts such as Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu. Various techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV–Vis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) were used to characterize these catalysts. The operational parameters for the photocatalytic degradation process were chosen as solution pH, catalyst dose, and metal impregnation percentage (imp%), and they were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). pH was found as an important factor, and its impact on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency was more significant than the other operational parameters. The average degradation efficiency of the compounds reached 93.1% for Fe‐TiO2, 92.08% for Co‐TiO2, 89.09% for Ni‐TiO2, 88.81% for Cu‐TiO2, and 86.3% for TiO2 at the optimum conditions.
Passivation of Hematite Surface States to Improve Water Splitting Performance
Authors: Zhao Qingjiang , Huang Pengda , Hu Dong , Li TianBao , Xu Bingshe
Published: May 2023

Hematite is considered a promising photoanode material for solar water splitting; however, its photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance is limited by a high‐density surface state. In this study, we achieved passivation of a hematite surface using In2O3 nanoparticles. We characterized the passivation effect by analyzing the Mott‐Schottky curves. The resulting compound exhibited a negative shift of 0.1 eV in the onset potential compared to pure hematite, strongly indicating that the defect surface state of hematite was effectively passivated. Furthermore, the addition of NiFe(OH)x as a cocatalyst enhanced the oxygen evolution reaction kinetics. The optimal Ti−Fe2O3/In2O3/NiFe(OH)x compound photoanode achieved a superior photocurrent density of 2.6 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE, which is more than six times that of pure hematite (0.41 mA cm−2). This finding highlights a potential avenue for overcoming the issue of a high surface‐state density as the limiting condition for photoelectrodes.
Specificity and function of T cell subset identities using single‐cell sequencing
Authors: Liu Xuanqi , Zhu Zhenhua , Wang Xiangdong
Published: May 2023

T cells, with numerous classifications, are vital components of the adaptive immune system, which function to maintain homeostasis to protect against pathogens. With the rapid development of single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), the specificity and functions of high‐resolution characterizations and identities of T cells are continuously explored and discovered. The exact T cell identities provide new insights for deeply understanding the heterogeneity of T cells and for the identification of previously unrecognized cell subsets. The accuracy and specificity of T cell cluster and annotation are critical and important in scRNA‐seq analyses, even though the characters and numbers of T cell marker gene panels (MGPs) are to be furthermore improved and uncovered. In order to initiate the discussion on identities of T cell subsets/clusters and impacts of identity specificity in the understanding of immune function, the present review systematically summarized the T cell identities of MGPs and functional characteristics of distinct T cell identities in the scRNA‐seq analysis. We also discussed the critical gene differences among panels across T cell subsets, cell functional states, tissue types, and diseases, with a special focus on the significance and potential values of T cell MGP accuracy and specificity in clinical applications. We hope that the precise knowledge of T cell subsets/clusters benefit decision designs and makings of biomarker discoveries and therapeutic strategies to improve the outcomes of patients.
Dependent state space Student‐t processes for imputation and data augmentation in plasma diagnostics
Authors: Rath Katharina , Rügamer David , Bischl Bernd , von Toussaint Udo , Albert Christopher G.
Published: May 2023

Multivariate time series measurements in plasma diagnostics present several challenges when training machine learning models: the availability of only a few labeled data increases the risk of overfitting, and missing data points or outliers due to sensor failures pose additional difficulties. To overcome these issues, we introduce a fast and robust regression model that enables imputation of missing points and data augmentation by massive sampling while exploiting the inherent correlation between input signals. The underlying Student‐t process allows for a noise distribution with heavy tails and thus produces robust results in the case of outliers. We consider the state space form of the Student‐t process, which reduces the computational complexity and makes the model suitable for high‐resolution time series. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method using two test cases, one of which was inspired by measurements of flux loop signals.
Design of an optimized traffic‐aware routing algorithm using integer linear programming for software‐defined networking
Authors: Eissa Menas Ebrahim , Abdel Azim Mohamed , Ata Mohamed Maher
Published: May 2023

The number of internet users and connected devices has dramatically expanded due to the recent technological boom and the benefits that the internet of things offers to ease our lives. Network scheduling, quality of service, resource allocation, and security issues are now being addressed via software‐defined networking (SDN). SDN has several benefits over traditional networks, including global centralized control, managing network traffic, and separating the forwarding and control plane. The work done in this paper aims to design and implement a traffic‐aware routing framework based on routing optimization presented as an integer linear programming (ILP) to improve heterogeneous traffic flows' quality of service (QoS) in a simulated SDN environment. With the knowledge that the routing problem is a nondeterministic polynomial‐time‐hard problem, the proposed scheme aims to decrease the computational routing time to make the ILP‐based routing system more suitable for real‐time processing. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed framework reduces the computational time by 23% and 49% for Abilene and Goodnet topology, respectively. Additionally, with 1000 flows in the network, the suggested scheme reduces the number of network flows that violate the QoS by 9% and 22% (with Abilene topology) and 16% and 51% (with Goodnet topology) as compared to the existing shortest path delay and sway methods, respectively.
Novel ester tethered dihydroartemisinin‐3‐(oxime/thiosemicarbazide)isatin hybrids as potential anti‐breast cancer agents: Synthesis, in vitro cytotoxicity and structure–activity relationship
Authors: Liu Shaohuan , Wang Shu , Xu Dan , Pan Bowen , Chen Linzhi , Zhao Shijia , Xu Zhi , Zhou Wei
Published: May 2023

A series of ester tethered dihydroartemisinin‐3‐(oxime/thiosemicarbazide)isatin hybrids 7a–p were designed, synthesized, and assessed for their antiproliferative activity against MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7/ADR, and MDA‐MB‐231/ADR breast cancer cell lines. Among them, hybrids 7a,f (IC50: 1.33–3.84 µM) showed potent activity against triple‐negative (MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐231/ADR) breast cancer cell lines, and hybrid 7f (IC50: 3.90 and 10.18 µM) also demonstrated promising activity against estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer cells (MCF‐7 and MCF‐7/ADR), and the activity was superior to these of artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, and ADR, revealing their potential to fight against both drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant breast cancers. The enriched structure–activity relationships may facilitate further design of more active candidates.
Assessing impacts of sulfur deposition on aquatic ecosystems: A decision support system for the Southern Appalachians
Authors: Reynolds Keith M. , Hessburg Paul F. , Lakicevic Milena , Povak Nicholas A. , Salter R. Brion , Sullivan Timothy J. , McDonnell Todd C. , Cosby Bernard J. , Jackson William
Published: May 2023

With climate change and ongoing impacts from human development and resource extraction, US federal land management agencies are acutely concerned with managing for healthy aquatic ecosystems in the Southern Appalachian Mountain (SAM) Region. Here, we describe development of a spatial decision support application to assess the biological and ecological impacts of atmospheric S and N deposition on aquatic ecosystems of the region. We first summarize foundational published work to predict continuous maps of surface water acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and soil base cation weathering (BCw). We use the predicted ANC and BCw maps to estimate steady‐state critical loads (CLs) of atmospheric S and N deposition. We included estimated CLs of atmospheric N to get a complete picture of CLs and potential exceedances. We then present a logic‐based decision support model for assessing effects of S and N deposition based on statistically modeled stream ANC and CL exceedance. The model is easily modified for continuous monitoring of CL exceedance patterns as new S and N deposition and ANC data become available. We present mapped model results for the SAM study area and an important subset of the region, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. ANC modeling results revealed that predicted acid sensitivity was spatially variable, with areas of relatively low stream ANC (<50 μeq · L−1) and soil BCw (<50 meq · m−2 · year−1) predominantly found in certain critical areas. Within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, evidence for S CL exceedance based on an ANC criterion of 50 μeq · L−1 was strong at locations where ambient S deposition was at least two times the CL. We also predicted likely impacts of CL exceedances on aquatic insect species richness and native fish abundance. Responses for insect species richness and fish impact showed variability similar to CL exceedance, with increasing impact positively correlated with elevation. Finally, we discuss ways that the decision support system can be used to prioritize management across the region.
Exploring friendship in hydropolitics: The case of the friendship dam on the Asi/Orontes river
Authors: Haemmerli Hannah , Bréthaut Christian , Ezbakhe Fatine
Published: May 2023

“Friendship dams” are an explicit, yet underexplored, materialization of hydropolitics that illustrate the potential role of water in international cooperation. Via a case study analysis of the Syria‐Turkey Friendship Dam project proposed for the Asi/Orontes river, we trace the process of cooperation that led to the use of this notion of “friendship” in transboundary cooperation. Using a transversal analysis of different phases of cooperation and non‐cooperation, we consider broad, big‐picture political and diplomatic factors related to water and beyond. Our analysis shows that two key variables shaped how water was used as an instrument of cooperation in this case: (1) security and (2) the dynamics of international cooperation undertaken by the riparians, namely Turkey. The friendship dam label can be considered a manifestation of strategic international friendship that the two riparian countries invoked to achieve security and bilateral cooperation.
Catalysis for Oleochemical Platforms
Authors: Cucciolito Maria Elena , Di Serio Martino , Esposito Roberto , Melchiorre Massimo , Ruffo Francesco , Russo Vincenzo , Tesser Riccardo , Turco Rosa , Vitiello Rosa
Published: May 2023

The present review articles the most recent efforts, made in the Department of Chemical Sciences of the University of Naples Federico II, in the catalytic treatment of biomasses derived from vegetable oils. The review is focused on several technologies aimed at the production of either biofuels or valuable chemicals: (i) biodiesel production; (ii) esterification to obtain high‐added value products; (iii) epoxidation of vegetable oils; (iv) glycerol ketalization; (v) oxidative cleavage of unsaturated fatty acids. The results are critically summarized to highlight the scientific activities and the main results in the field of biorefinery concept.
Hierarchical Helicates Bearing Phosphorus‐Based Substituents in the Periphery
Authors: Wang Wei , Sturm Lisa , Sommer David , Oppel Iris , Albrecht Markus
Published: May 2023

Phosphinate and phosphane substituted hierarchical helicates have been prepared, and the phosphinate derivatives could be characterized in the crystal. The helicate with phosphane substituents was submitted to an orientating study on catalysis, showing its potential to act as chelating ligand for the generation of active rhodium‐based hydrogenation catalysts.
A Comprehensive Study on Redox Behavior and Halogen Exchange in Telluropyran Derivatives
Authors: Liu Si , Chen Weinan , Yan Chuan , Zhou Fan , Zhou Zhanglang , Wang Min , Zhou Gang
Published: May 2023

Incorporation of tellurium into polycyclic compounds may endow them with unique chemical and optoelectronic properties which are not observed in their lighter chalcogen analogues. Herein, a telluropyran‐containing polycyclic compound (T1) synthesized through a ring‐expansion reaction from the corresponding tellurophene analogue can be reversibly oxidized into halogen adducts T1•X2 (X=Cl, Br, I) with the formation of two Te−X bonds. Their chemical structures have been verified by two‐dimensional 1H‐1H correlation spectroscopy and single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The halogen oxidations of T1 and the reverse thermal eliminations as well as the halogen exchange in halogen adducts T1•X2 have been systematically investigated and compared by UV‐vis absorption titration, electrochemical measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, and density functional calculations (DFT). The oxidation of Te(II) in T1 to Te(IV) in T1•X2 results in the switch from aromaticity to nonaromaticity for the six‐membered telluropyran ring, as revealed by nucleus‐independent chemical shift calculations. It is also found that the halides in the halogen adducts can be exchanged by lighter ones, but not vice versa. The stabilities of the oxidized products are in the order of T1•Cl2>T1•Br2>T1•I2, which are consistent with the calculated rate constants and energy barriers of the elimination reactions.
Ultralow‐power in‐memory computing based on ferroelectric memcapacitor network
Authors: Tian Bobo , Xie Zhuozhuang , Chen Luqiu , Hao Shenglan , Liu Yifei , Feng Guangdi , Liu Xuefeng , Liu Hongbo , Yang Jing , Zhang Yuanyuan , Bai Wei , Lin Tie , Shen Hong , Meng Xiangjian , Zhong Ni , Peng Hui , Yue Fangyu , Tang Xiaodong , Wang Jianlu , Zhu Qiuxiang , Ivry Yachin , Dkhil Brahim , Chu Junhao , Duan Chungang
Published: May 2023

Analog storage through synaptic weights using conductance in resistive neuromorphic systems and devices inevitably generates harmful heat dissipation. This thermal issue not only limits the energy efficiency but also hampers the very‐large‐scale and highly complicated hardware integration as in the human brain. Here we demonstrate that the synaptic weights can be simulated by reconfigurable non‐volatile capacitances of a ferroelectric‐based memcapacitor with ultralow‐power consumption. The as‐designed metal/ferroelectric/metal/insulator/semiconductor memcapacitor shows distinct 3‐bit capacitance states controlled by the ferroelectric domain dynamics. These robust memcapacitive states exhibit uniform maintenance of more than 104 s and well endurance of 109 cycles. In a wired memcapacitor crossbar network hardware, analog vector‐matrix multiplication is successfully implemented to classify 9‐pixel images by collecting the sum of displacement currents (I = C × dV/dt) in each column, which intrinsically consumes zero energy in memcapacitors themselves. Our work sheds light on an ultralow‐power neural hardware based on ferroelectric memcapacitors.
The impact of a mandatory universal drug insurance program on health behaviors and outcomes
Authors: Lebihan Laetitia
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates the effects of a mandatory, universal prescription drug insurance policy on health behaviors and outcomes within a public health care system providing physician and hospital services free of charge. Using Canadian longitudinal data, we show that the reform improved individuals' general health while reducing body mass index and smoking. However, the program also increased drinking and had no significant impact on mental health, physical activity, or preventive care. We also examine the mechanisms through which these effects can play a role, as well as the heterogeneous effects. Estimates suggest that the policy decreased SES‐based disparities in health.
Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal and autonomic response to psychological stress in abstinent alcohol use disorder individuals with and without depressive symptomatology
Authors: Syed Shariful A. , Sinha Rajita , Milivojevic Verica , MacDougall Alicia , LaValle Heather , Angarita Gustavo A. , Fox Helen C.
Published: May 2023

Background

Stress and depression have each been associated with relapse risk. In clinical practice, chronic alcohol use is often accompanied by poor emotional and self‐regulatory processes. Tonic and phasic changes in stress responsivity impact an individual's relapse risk to alcohol. A further complicating factor is the pervasive coexistence of depressive symptoms in those with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), where the contribution of depressive symptomatology to these processes is not well understood. Individuals with AUD (AD) (21 with and 12 without sub‐clinical depressive symptoms) and 37 social drinking controls (16 with and 21 without sub‐clinical depressive symptoms) as part of a more extensive study (Fox et al., 2019). All participants were exposed to two 5‐min personalized guided imagery conditions (stress and neutral) in a randomized and counterbalanced order across consecutive days. Alcohol craving, negative mood, Stroop performance, and plasma measures (cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and salivary alpha‐amylase) were collected before and after imagery exposure.

Results

Elevations in autonomic response (heart rate) to imagery (stress and neutral) were observed as a function of drinking (in both depressed and non‐depressed individuals with alcohol use disorder compared with depressed and non‐depressed social drinkers). Conversely, suppressed cortisol following stress was observed as a function of depressive symptomatology across both drinking groups. Individuals with comorbid AD and depressive symptoms demonstrated attenuated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and poor Stroop performance compared with the other groups, indicating an interactive effect between drinking and depression on pituitary and inhibitory systems.

Conclusion

Sub‐clinical depressive pathophysiology may be distinct from drinking severity and may alter relapse‐related stress adaptations during protracted abstinence from alcohol.
The Driven Liouville von Neumann Approach to Electron Dynamics in Open Quantum Systems
Authors: Hod Oded , Kronik Leeor
Published: May 2023

The driven Liouville von Neumann approach is a method to computationally explore electron dynamics and transport in nanoscale systems. It does so by imposing open boundary conditions on finite atomistic model systems, which drive them out of equilibrium. The approach is compatible with any underlying electronic structure treatment that can be phrased in terms of a single‐particle framework, ranging from simple tight‐binding descriptions to state‐of‐the‐art density functional theory treatments of the interacting system. In this perspective, we motivate the approach, discuss its theoretical foundations, explain its essential elements, overview recent extensions and applications, and present remaining challenges and opportunities.
Single‐wavelength sO2 measurement based on Grüneisen‐relaxation photoacoustic effect
Authors: Wang Xiatian , Xie Zhihua , Zhang Jinke , Huang Yusheng , Dong Liquan , Gong Xiaojing
Published: May 2023

The photoacoustic effect‐based sO2 measurement is attracting more and more attention due to its non‐invasiveness and accuracy. Compared with the linear dual‐wavelength method, the sO2 measurement based on single‐wavelength excitation can be potentially applied with simplified system construction. However, the single‐wavelength methods proposed in previous studies decreases the safety or lacks the in‐depth resolution. This paper proposes a novel single‐wavelength method based on the Grüneisen‐relaxation (GR) nonlinear effects. It avoids the high fluence excitation with maintaining in–depth resolution and obtains the signals in hundreds of nanoseconds, simultaneously improving the safety and detection speed. The construction of a single laser source for GR effect generation makes the system stable. The sO2 quantification results of blood samples have a good consistency with the reference values. Our work provides a safer and faster measurement method, and a stable system, to promote its application in the clinical area.
Adenylate kinase 2 is a biomarker related to the prognosis of glioma and the immune microenvironment
Authors: Liu Zhichen , Tang Chunjiao , Teng Xu , Mohamed Zakaria Ahmed , Fan Jingyi
Published: May 2023

Background

Among the brain and the other central nervous system, gliomas are the most prevalent malignant primary tumors. Adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) is generally thought to be crucial for energy metabolism and signal transduction. Several disorders are correlated with its aberrant expression. However, it is unclear what functions AK2 might have in gliomas.

Methods

We investigated the relationship between AK2 expression and clinicopathological features of glioma patients using information obtained from public databases and patient tissue microarrays. AK2 knockdown glioma cell lines were constructed to explore how AK2 affects glioma progress. The association between AK2 and the immune microenvironment in gliomas was evaluated by multiple methods.

Results

AK2 expression was higher in glioma samples than in normal brain tissues. Older patients and those with higher‐grade, IDH‐wildtype, 1p/19q codeletion‐free, and MGMT‐unmethylated tumors had higher levels of AK2 expression, linking to poor outcomes. Thus, gliomas with high AK2 expression have a worse prognosis. GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that AK2 was relevant to cell division and DNA replication. Downregulation of AK2 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation of glioma cell lines in vitro. AK2 expression was positively connected to the inhibitory immune checkpoints, also correlating with immune infiltration degree.

Conclusions

In this study, AK2 may be a potential biological target for more precise molecular therapy of gliomas, since its high expression is associated with worse outcomes and a more malignant immune microenvironment.
Extracellular vesicles derived from Akkermansia muciniphila promote placentation and mitigate preeclampsia in a mouse model
Authors: Chen Yun , Ou Zihao , Pang Menglan , Tao Zixin , Zheng Xifen , Huang Zhipeng , Wen Dongni , Li Qianbei , Zhou Ruisi , Chen Peng , Situ Bo , Sheng Chao , Huang Yingying , Yue Xiaojing , Zheng Lei , Huang Liping
Published: May 2023

Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder with high maternal morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, no practical therapeutic approach is available to prevent PE progression, except for early delivery. Gut dysbiosis is associated with PE development. Previous data showed that the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (Am) was lower in patients with PE than in normotensive pregnant women. Here, in this study, decreased abundance of Am was observed in a PE mouse model. Also, we found that administration with Am could significantly attenuate systolic blood pressure, promote foetal growth and improve the placental pathology in mice with PE. Moreover, Am‐derived extracellular vesicles (AmEVs) were transferred from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to the placenta and mitigated pre‐eclamptic symptoms in PE mice. These beneficial effects of AmEVs were mediated by enhanced trophoblast invasion of the spiral artery (SpA) and SpA remodelling through activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (AKT) signalling pathway. Collectively, our findings revealed the potential benefit of using AmEVs for PE treatment and highlighted important host–microbiota interactions.
Functional neuroanatomy of monoaminergic systems in the basolateral nuclear complex of the amygdala: Neuronal targets, receptors, and circuits
Authors: McDonald Alexander Joseph
Published: May 2023

This review discusses neuroanatomical aspects of the three main monoaminergic systems innervating the basolateral nuclear complex (BNC) of the amygdala (serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic systems). It mainly focuses on immunohistochemical (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) studies that have analyzed the relationship of specific monoaminergic inputs and their receptors to specific neuronal subtypes in the BNC in order to better understand the anatomical substrates of the monoaminergic modulation of BNC circuitry. First, light and electron microscopic IHC investigations identifying the main BNC neuronal subpopulations and characterizing their local circuitry, including connections with discrete PN compartments and other INs, are reviewed. Then, the relationships of each of the three monoaminergic systems to distinct PN and IN cell types, are examined in detail. For each system, the neuronal targets and their receptor expression are discussed. In addition, pertinent electrophysiological investigations are discussed. The last section of the review compares and contrasts various aspects of each of the three monoaminergic systems. It is concluded that the large number of different receptors, each with a distinct mode of action, expressed by distinct cell types with different connections and functions, should offer innumerable ways to subtlety regulate the activity of the BNC by therapeutic drugs in psychiatric diseases in which there are alterations of BNC monoaminergic modulatory systems, such as in anxiety disorders, depression, and drug addiction. It is suggested that an important area for future studies is to investigate how the three systems interact in concert at the neuronal and neuronal network levels.
Relative income and value congruence in dual‐income couples
Authors: Steed Laurens Bujold , Dust Scott B. , Rode Joseph C. , Arthaud‐Day Marne L.
Published: May 2023

Guided by social role theory, social science research has established an individual's earnings relative to their partner (i.e., their relative income) as an important indicator of various marital‐ and well‐being‐related outcomes. Yet, despite a deep interest in employee compensation systems, management scholars have rarely considered the implications of relative income for workers. To address this oversight, we consider how the conformity values of dual‐income couples jointly predict relative income and how this relationship varies by gender. Further, we examine how relative income predicts employees' subjective career success and explore potential boundary conditions to this relationship. Using a time‐lagged study in a sample of 225 dyads, results from moderated polynomial regression analyses indicate that dyadic congruence in conformity values predicts relative income in a gender‐dependent way. Additionally, moderated multilevel regression analyses illustrate that respondents with lower absolute income display a stronger positive relationship between relative income and subjective career success. Relative income's effects on subjective career success do not depend on gender. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings regarding gender, conformity values, relative income, absolute income, and subjective career success.
Effect of blenderized tube feeds on gastric emptying: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hron Bridget , Ng Thomas , Voss Stephan , Rosen Rachel
Published: May 2023

Background

Blenderized tube feeds (blends) are associated with lower hospital admissions and reduced gastroesophageal symptoms, but their high viscosity may theoretically prolong gastric emptying. Our objective was to compare differences in gastric emptying with blends vs with formula.

Methods

We retrospectively identified individuals 6 months to 20 years with enteral tubes who underwent 1‐h liquid gastric emptying scintigraphy from 1998 to 2020 at Boston Children's Hospital. Examinations were excluded if a postpyloric tube was present, tracer was administered orally or with diet differing from habitual, habitual diet was indeterminable, imaging was terminated early, or >50% of input counts emptied during bolus administration. Emptying was classified as delayed if gastric residual at 1 h was ≥60% of ingested dose.

Results

Eighteen examinations (15 individuals) were performed with blends and 35 examinations (32 individuals) with formula. Although percentage of residual at 1 h was significantly higher in patients receiving blends compared with formula (54 ± 17 vs 40 ± 25, P = 0.04), the number of patients with delayed gastric emptying did not differ (39% vs 29%, respectively, P = 0.54). Type of diet, feed volume or concurrent medications did not predict delayed gastric emptying. Children with blends received higher bolus volumes (106 ± 55 vs 66 ± 59 ml; P = 0.02), and this significantly predicted percentage of residual (β = 0.14; P = 0.01).

Conclusion

The proportion of patients with delayed gastric emptying was similar in children receiving blends and formula. Although the mean percentage of gastric residual was higher with blends, this may be explained by higher bolus volumes administered. This preliminary work suggests that blends compare favorably to formula.
The Left Outflow Tract in Fetal Cardiac Screening Examination
Authors: Regouin Maud , Mancini Julien , Lafouge Antoine , Mace Pierre , Fontaine Nathalie , Roussin Stéphanie , Guichard Jimmy , Dumont Coralie , Quarello Edwin
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Since 2016, the French CNEOF included the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) in the second and third trimester of pregnancy in addition to the four‐chamber view and the parasagittal view of the right outflow tract. The objective of this study was to define quality criteria for fetal LVOT assessment and to perform a human audit of past and current practices, before and after the implementation of those quality criteria at a large scale.

Methods

Seven quality criteria were investigated and rated from 0 to 1 during three periods of interest. Files were randomly selected from three centers, and average total and specific scores were calculated.

Results

LVOT pictures were present in more than 94.3% of reports. The average quality score was 5.49/7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.36–5.62), 5.91/7 (95% CI: 5.80–6.03), and 5.70/7 (95% CI: 5.58–5.82) for the three centers in the three periods of interest. There was no significant difference following the introduction of the quality criteria, 2017 versus 2020, P = .054.

Conclusion

Fetal LVOT images were present in most of ultrasound reports but the introduction of the proposed quality criteria under human supervision seems not associated with a significant change in practice.
The Increasing Burden of Depression in Patients Undergoing Head and Neck Cancer Operations
Authors: Madrigal Josef , Tie Edward K. , Verma Arjun , Benharash Peyman , Rapkin David A. , St. John Maie A.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Depression remains prevalent in patients undergoing head and neck cancer (HNCA) operations. The present study aimed to assess the impact of depression on perioperative and readmission outcomes following HNCA resection.

Methods

All elective hospitalizations involving HNCA resection were identified from the 2010–2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Patients were stratified by history of depression. To perform risk‐adjustment in assessing perioperative and readmission outcomes, 3:1 nearest neighbor matching was performed. A subpopulation analysis was also conducted to assess interval development of depression in the postoperative period.

Results

Of an estimated 133,018 patients undergoing HNCA operations, 8.9% (n = 11,855) had comorbid depression. Over the decade‐long study period, the prevalence of depression in this population increased (7.8% in 2010 vs. 10.0% in 2019, NPTrend<0.001). Among 24,938 propensity matched patients, those with depression had similar incidence of in‐hospital mortality (0.4 vs. 0.7%,p = 0.14) as well as perioperative medical (22.0 vs. 21.9%,p = 0.93) and surgical (10.2 vs. 10.3,p = 0.84) complications, though had higher rates of non‐home discharge (16.9 vs. 13.5%,p < 0.001) and 30‐day readmission (13.6 vs. 11.8%,p = 0.030). Predictors of depression in the postoperative period included primary coverage by Medicare or Medicaid as well as comorbid anxiety or drug use disorder.

Conclusion

The prevalence of depression in HNCA patients continues to increase. Although depression was not associated with increased in‐hospital mortality and complications, it did impact rates of rehospitalization as well as non‐routine discharge. Screening and therapeutic interventions addressing such postoperative events may serve to improve long‐term clinical and financial outcomes in this at‐risk population.

Level of Evidence

3—Retrospective cohort studyLaryngoscope, 133:3396–3402, 2023
Flap perfusion assessment with indocyanine green angiography in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Zhaojian , Jiao Ling , Chen Siliang , Li Zhijin , Xiao Yiding , Du Fengzhou , Huang Jiuzuo , Long Xiao
Published: May 2023

Background

Indocyanine green angiography (ICG‐A) has been widely applied for intraoperative flap assessment in DIEP flap breast reconstruction. However, the beneficial effect of ICG‐A in DIEP flap breast reconstruction is still uncertain and no standardized protocol is available. This study aims to analyze the clinical outcome and comprehensively review protocols of this field.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases until September 15, 2022. Studies on the utility of intraoperative ICG‐A in DIEP breast reconstruction were included. Data reporting reconstruction outcomes were extracted for pooled analysis.

Results

A total of 22 studies were enrolled in the review, among five studies with 1021 patients included in the meta‐analysis. The protocols of ICG‐A assessment of DIEP flap varied among studies. According to the pooled results, the incidence of postoperative fat necrosis was 10.89% (50 of 459 patients) with ICG‐A and 21.53% (121 of 562 patients) with clinical judgment. The risk for postoperative fat necrosis was significantly lower in patients with intraoperative ICG‐A than without (RR 0.47 95% CI 0.29–0.78, p = .004, I2 = 51%). Reoperation occurred in 5 of 48 patients (10.42%) in the ICG‐A group and in 21 of 64 patients (32.82%) in the control group summarized from reports in two studies. The risk for reoperation was lower in the ICG‐A group than in the control group (RR 0.41 95% CI 0.18–0.93, p = .03, I2 = 0%). Other complications, including flap loss, seroma, hematoma, dehiscence, mastectomy skin necrosis, and infection, were comparable between the two groups. Heterogeneities among studies were acceptable. No significant influence of specific studies was identified in sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions

ICG‐A is an accurate and reliable way to identify problematic perfusion of DIEP flaps during breast reconstruction. Protocols of ICG‐A differed in current studies. Intraoperative ICG‐A significantly decreases the rate of fat necrosis and reoperation in patients undergoing DIEP breast reconstruction. The synthesized results should be interpreted sensibly due to the sample size limitation. RCTs on the outcomes and high‐quality studies for an optimized ICG‐A protocol are still needed in the future.
Non‐instantaneous impulsive Riemann–Liouville fractional differential systems: Existence and controllability analysis
Authors: Sahijwani Lavina , Sukavanam Nagarajan , Haq Abdul
Published: May 2023

The article is dedicated towards the study of fractional order nonlinear differential systems with non‐instantaneous impulses involving Riemann–Liouville derivatives with fixed lower limits and appropriate integral type initial conditions in Banach spaces. First, a mild solution of the system is constructed, and subsequently, its existence is proven using Banach's fixed point theorem. Then, results of approximate controllability are established using the concept of fractional semigroup and an iterative technique. Suitable examples are given in the end supporting the methodology along with pointing out corrections in examples presented in previous articles.
Dynamics analysis for a class of fractional Duffing systems with nonlinear time delay terms
Authors: Fan Yanhong , Jiao Yujie , Li Xingli
Published: May 2023

The dynamic characteristics of the fractional Duffing system with nonlinear time delay term are studied according to the average method and the harmonic balance method. First, the steady‐state solutions of the fractional Duffing system with a nonlinear time delay term are obtained by applying the average method and the harmonic balance method. The analytical expressions of the amplitude–frequency characteristic curves under the average method and the harmonic balance method are also established. Second, the stability criterion of the system is obtained according to the indirect method of studying the motion stability problem, and the concept of the stability condition parameter is proposed in this process. Third, the transient solution of the fractional Duffing system with a nonlinear time delay term is obtained utilizing the average method, and the approximate analytical solution of the fractional Duffing system with nonlinear time delay term is obtained. Finally, the amplitude–frequency characteristic curves of the different fractional differential terms, coefficients of different fractional differential terms, magnitude of different time delay quantities, and feedback strength of different delay are analyzed by numerical simulation. Furthermore, the amplitude–frequency characteristic curves obtained by the average method and the harmonic balance method under different order of fractional differential term are compared and analyzed by numerical simulation. The time sequence and phase diagrams of the system under different order of fractional differential term and different time delay quantities are analyzed by numerical simulation. In addition, the correctness of the analytical analysis is verified by comparing the analytical results with the numerical simulation results under the average method and the harmonic balance method, respectively, by numerical simulation.
Global existence for the 2D anisotropic Bénard equations with partial variable viscosity
Authors: Melkemi Oussama
Published: May 2023

The current paper aims to study the two‐dimensional (2D) Bénard equations with variable‐viscosity, where we obtain the global existence of a unique weak solution to this system without any assumptions of small initial data.
Preconditioned tensor format conjugate gradient squared and biconjugate gradient stabilized methods for solving stein tensor equations
Authors: Chen Yuhan , Li Chenliang
Published: May 2023

This article is concerned with solving the high order Stein tensor equation arising in control theory. The conjugate gradient squared (CGS) method and the biconjugate gradient stabilized (BiCGSTAB) method are attractive methods for solving linear systems. Compared with the large‐scale matrix equation, the equivalent tensor equation needs less storage space and computational costs. Therefore, we present the tensor formats of CGS and BiCGSTAB methods for solving high order Stein tensor equations. Moreover, a nearest Kronecker product preconditioner is given and the preconditioned tensor format methods are studied. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the new methods are verified by some numerical examples.