bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Race on Plasma Thrombin Generation In Healthy Subjects In Singapore
Authors: Tan Chuen Wen , Wong Wan Hui , Tan Chin Kimg , Chan Yiong Huak , Kaur Hartirathpal , Lee Lai Heng , Ng Heng Joo
Published: December 2017

Race is touted as an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), although the basis for this is varied and contentious. Comparison of plasma thrombin generation (TG) using calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) across races offers a modality that objectively measures global hemostatic function to evaluate this influence. Direct comparative data across races are currently not available. Aim is to establish the influence of race on plasma TG. Sixty normal participants, matched for age and gender, equally representing 4 races—Caucasian, Chinese, Indian, and Malay—were recruited. Thrombin generation parameters (lag time, time to peak, peak, and endogenous thrombin potential [ETP]) in platelet-poor plasma were measured using CAT. The mean ETP (standard deviation) for the different races were Caucasians: 1338.18 (194.19) nM·min; Chinese, 1318.91 (108.90) nM·min; Indians, 1389.81 (182.61) nM·min; and Malays, 1436.21 (184.24) nM·min. Caucasians had the longest mean lag time of 2.59 ± 0.37 seconds; Indians had the highest mean peak of 284.22 ± 30.74 nM, and Malays had the longest mean time to peak of 5.47 ± 0.59 seconds. Analysis based on race did not demonstrate any significant difference for all TG parameters. The greatest mean difference of ETP between any 2 races (Malays and Chinese) was 117.30 nM·min (95% confidence interval: −45.86 to 280.46 nM·min) which was within the predefined limit of equivalence. In a cohort of healthy participants, TG mediated by plasma factors is not influenced by race and does not explain the reported racial differences in VTE incidence. For the 4 racial groups studied, the use of separate normal ranges for plasma TG might not be essential.
Characterization of Von Willebrand Factor Multimer Structure in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Kellermair Joerg , Ott Helmut W. , Spannagl Michael , Tomasits Josef , Kammler Juergen , Blessberger Hermann , Reiter Christian , Steinwender Clemens
Published: December 2017

Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) associated with severe aortic stenosis (AS) has been frequently subclassified into a subtype 2A based on the deficiency of high-molecular-weight (HMW) multimers as it is seen in inherited von Willebrand disease (VWD) type 2A. However, the multimeric phenotype of VWD type 2A does not only include an HMW deficiency but also a decrease in intermediate-molecular-weight (IMW) multimers and an abnormal inner triplet band pattern. These additional characteristics have not been evaluated in AVWS associated with severe AS. Therefore, we recruited N = 31 consecutive patients with severe AS and performed a high-resolution Western blot with densitometrical band quantification to characterize the von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimeric structure and reevaluate the AVWS subtype classification. Study patients showed an isolated HMW VWF multimer deficiency without additional abnormalities of the IMW portions and the inner triplet structure in 65%. In conclusion, the multimeric pattern of AVWS associated with severe AS does neither resemble that seen in AVWS type 2A nor that seen in inherited VWD type 2A. Therefore, a subclassification into a type 2A should not be used.
Smoke-Free Home and Vehicle Policies Among Community College Smokers
Authors: Ossip Deborah J. , Johnson Tye , Assibey-Mensah Vanessa , Wang Sijiu , McLaren Donald , Calabro Karen , Prokhorov Alexander V. , McIntosh Scott
Published: December 2017

Background. Personal smoke-free policies (home and vehicle) reduce secondhand smoke exposure, improve health, and increase quitting among smokers. Overall, 83.0% and 78.1% of Americans report smoke-free homes and vehicles, respectively. However, little is known about such policies among 2-year community college (CC) students, who represent a large, diverse population with higher smoking rates and less negative attitudes toward smoking than 4-year college students. Methods. Prevalence of, and factors associated with, personal smoke-free policies were examined for 2,475 CC smokers enrolled in a national trial of web-assisted tobacco intervention. Results. Few students had smoke-free home policies (20.7%), smoke-free vehicles (17.0%), both smoke-free home and vehicle policy (4.2%), or any policy (home or vehicle; 31.2%). In logistic regression models, having children was associated with a smoke-free home or any policy but not with a smoke-free vehicle, and among participants who had children, only 20% reported a smoke-free home, and only 15% had a smoke-free vehicle. In addition, not living with other smokers, living with parents or roommates/siblings (vs. alone), smoking later than 30 minutes after awakening, believing that smoking affects the health of others, and confidence in quitting were associated with presence of a smoke-free home or any policy; no variables were significantly associated with presence of a smoke-free vehicle. Conclusions. CC students represent a priority population for intervention regarding smoke-free homes and vehicles. Such intervention can decrease exposure of others, including children, and potentially increase the likelihood of quitting in this high-risk population.
Alterity: The passion, politics, and ethics of self and scholarship
Authors: Cunliffe Ann L
Published: December 2017

I propose that the choices we make about the type of work we do as scholars are not just intellectual ones, they are intricately interwoven with who we are, made in poetic moments, in relation to others, and have political consequences in terms of our identities and career. This is particularly so for critical and reflexive scholars struggling with their sense of self in relation to the wider academy. This struggle is both personal and ethical in the sense of requiring us to be respons-able for ourselves and others. Drawing from hermeneutic phenomenology and utilizing narrative ethnography, I explore my experience of alterity and how it helped shape me, my research, and my career. My aim is to encourage scholars engaged in work that is different to mainstream “norms,” and who may be grappling with similar issues, to persevere and find a way forward.
Towards a critical epidemiology approach for applied sexual health research
Authors: Edelman Natalie
Published: December 2017

Critical approaches may benefit epidemiological studies of sexual health. This article proposes a critical approach, reconcilable with social epidemiological enquiry. Key aims of critical epidemiology for sexual health are identified, from which three criticisms of practice emerge: (1) lack of attention to socio-cultural contexts, (2) construction of ‘risk’ as residing in the individual and (3) enactment of public health agendas which privilege and pathologise certain behaviours. These reflect and construct an apolitical understanding of population health. This article proposes features of a critical epidemiology that represent a morally driven re-envisioning of the focus, analysis and interpretation of epidemiological studies of sexual health.
Piston geometry effects in a light-duty, swirl-supported diesel engine: Flow structure characterization
Authors: Perini Federico , Zha Kan , Busch Stephen , Kurtz Eric , Peterson Richard C , Warey Alok , Reitz Rolf D
Published: December 2017

This work studied how in-cylinder flow structure is affected in a light-duty, swirl-supported diesel engine when equipped with three different piston geometries: the first two featuring a conventional re-entrant bowl, either with or without valve cut-outs on the piston surface and the third featuring a stepped-lip bowl. Particle image velocimetry experiments were conducted inside an optical engine to measure swirl vortex intensity and structure during the intake and compression strokes. A full computational model of the optical diesel engine was built using the FRESCO code, a recently developed object-oriented parallel computational fluid dynamics platform for engine simulations. The model was first validated against the measured swirl-plane velocity fields, and the simulation convergence for multiple cycles was assessed. Flow topology was studied by addressing bulk flow and turbulence quantities, including swirl structure, squish flux, plus geometric and operating parameters, such as the presence of valve cut-outs on the piston surface, compression ratio and engine speed. The results demonstrated that conventional re-entrant bowls have stronger flow separation at intake, hampering bowl swirl, but higher global swirl than for stepped-lip bowls thanks to a stronger and more axisymmetric squish mechanism and less tilted swirl. Stepped-lip bowls have larger inhomogeneities (tilt and axisymmetry) and higher turbulence levels, but also faster turbulence dissipation toward top dead center. They have weaker squish flux but larger squish inversion momentum as a result of the smaller inertia.
Interventions in Health Settings for Male Perpetrators or Victims of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Tarzia Laura , Forsdike Kirsty , Feder Gene , Hegarty Kelsey
Published: December 2017

Background:

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common in patients attending health-care services and is associated with a range of health problems. The majority of IPV perpetrators are men, and a substantial minority of men are victims, yet health-care professionals have little evidence or guidance on how to respond to male patients who perpetrate or experience violence in their intimate relationships.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of interventions for male perpetrators or victims of IPV in health settings. Online databases, reference lists, Google Scholar, and gray literature were searched, and inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied. Narrative synthesis methods were used due to the heterogeneity of study types and outcome measures.

Results:

Fourteen studies describing 10 interventions met our inclusion criteria: nine randomized controlled trials, four cohort studies, and one case-control study. Interventions were predominantly therapeutic in nature and many were conducted in alcohol treatment settings.

Conclusion:

Overall, the evidence for effectiveness of interventions in health-care settings was weak, although IPV interventions conducted concurrently with alcohol treatment show some promise. More work is urgently needed in health-care services to determine what interventions might be effective, and in what settings, to improve the response to male perpetrators or victims of IPV.
Association between short and long sleep durations and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Krittanawong Chayakrit , Tunhasiriwet Anusith , Wang Zhen , Zhang HongJu , Farrell Ann M , Chirapongsathorn Sakkarin , Sun Tao , Kitai Takeshi , Argulian Edgar
Published: December 2017

Background:

A shorter sleep duration has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and increased mortality. It has been hypothesized that a short sleep duration may be linked to changes in ghrelin and leptin production, leading to an alteration of stress hormone production. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the potential relationship between a sleep duration and cardiovascular disease mortality.

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive search of Ovid Medline In-Process and other non-indexed citations, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus from database inception to March 2017. Observational studies were included if the studies reported hazard ratios or odds ratios of the associations between sleep durations (short and long) and cardiovascular disease mortality. Data were extracted by a reviewer and then reviewed by two separate reviewers. Conflicts were resolved through consensus. Using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects models, we calculated pooled hazard ratios and pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. The quality of the included studies and publication bias were assessed.

Results:

In total, our meta-analysis included 19 studies (31 cohorts) with a total of 816,995 individuals with 42,870 cardiovascular disease mortality cases. In pooled analyses, both short (risk ratio 1.19; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.26, P<0.001, I2=30.7, Pheterogeneity=0.034), and long (risk ratio 1.37; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.52, P<0.001, I2=79.75, Pheterogeneity<0.001) sleep durations were associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease mortality.

Conclusions:

Both short (<7 hours) and long sleep durations (>9 hours) can increase the risk of overall cardiovascular disease mortality, particularly in Asian populations and elderly individuals. Future epidemiological studies would ideally include objective sleep measurements, rather than self-report measures, and all potential confounders, such as genetic variants.
Five years of a community pain service solution-focused pain management programme: extended data and reflections
Authors: Simm Rebecca , Barker Chris
Published: December 2017

1. This article aims to provide a long-term update 2 years on from our initial paper and summarises service evaluation data collected from 21 pain management programmes, using a solution-focused approach in a community pain service.

2. An examination of the larger baseline and subsequent follow-up data suggests an improvement in participants’ function, pain self-efficacy and mental well-being following CPS PMP, and corroborates the findings of the earlier dataset.

3. Additional findings suggest that CPS PMP may help pain interfere less in participants’ lives (post-PMP and at 10-week follow-up) and that improvements in mental well-being and self-efficacy are maintained on a long-term basis (at 6- and 12-month follow-up). Limitations of the data are discussed.

4. The article also discusses the nature of community healthcare services for chronic pain, including how we view PMP treatment intensity, deliver cost effectiveness, measure outcomes and support patients post-PMP.

5. It is suggested that effective, meaningful PMPs can be facilitated successfully by multi-professional teams in the community, at arguably lower cost than secondary/tertiary settings, while enabling convenient and long-lasting integration of self-management into people’s lives.
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to rectal Dieulafoy’s lesion
Authors: Nadhem Omar N , Salh Omar A , Bazzaz Omar H
Published: December 2017

Dieulafoy’s lesion is a relatively rare but serious cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. It usually involves the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, it has recently been reported in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract, including the rectum. Here, we report the case of a female patient who presented with fresh bleeding per rectum for 1 day with low hemoglobin level. Colonoscopy revealed an actively bleeding rectal Dieulafoy’s lesion which was successfully treated with a clip. To our knowledge, there have been few reported cases of lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by Dieulafoy’s lesion in the rectum.
The safety of electrical stimulation in patients with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators: A systematic review
Authors: Badger James , Taylor Paul , Swain Ian
Published: December 2017

Introduction

A number of patients are excluded from electrical stimulation treatment because there is concern that electrical stimulation could cause electromagnetic interference with pacemakers and implanted cardioverter defibrillators. The decision to use electrical stimulation in these patients needs to be supported by an assessment of benefit and harm.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of the risk of electromagnetic interference between electrical stimulation and pacemakers or implanted cardioverter defibrillators. We included the electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE in the time period between 1966 and 26 August 2016.

Results

18 papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria (eight safety studies and ten case studies). Although we were unable to accurately estimate the risk of electromagnetic interference, the studies revealed that patients having electrical stimulation of the lower limb are less susceptible to electromagnetic interference.

Conclusions

The results suggest that electrical stimulation could be used safely to help drop foot in patients with pacemakers or implanted cardioverter defibrillators. However, in order to obtain an accurate estimate of the risk of electromagnetic interference, a large, long-term, and intervention-specific safety study is required. Until such a study is undertaken, electrical stimulation should be used with caution in patients with pacemakers and implanted cardioverter defibrillators.
Arthroscopic management of posterior instability of the shoulder: A systematic review of predictive factors associated with poorer surgical outcomes
Authors: Jain Sachin Ramesh , Sayampanathan Andrew Arjun , Hwee Chye Tan Andrew
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

We aimed to perform a systematic review to identify factors that may lead to poorer outcomes in arthroscopic surgery for posterior shoulder instability.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for 757 unique articles. We eventually included 22 articles. Data were analysed using Review Manager 5.3.

Results:

The presence of chondral damage was associated with poorer outcomes as reflected in a higher post-operative Quick Disabilities of theArm, Shoulder and Hand score (mean difference (MD) = 17.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.82–31.4; p = 0.02), higher WesternOntario Shoulder Instability (WOSI) index (MD = 468.0; 95% CI = 136.5–799.5; p = 0.006), lower Simple Shoulder Test score (MD = −2.40; 95% CI = −4.34 to −0.46; p = 0.02) and a lower Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score (MD = −15.4; 95% CI = −30.6 to −0.23; p = 0.05). The presence of previous shoulder surgery was associated with poorer outcomes as depicted by a lower American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score (MD = −93.1; 95% CI = −96.9 to −89.3; p < 0.0001). The availability of workers’ compensation was associated with poorer outcomes as revealed by a lower rate of return to work (odds ratio (OR) = 0.02; 95% CI = 0.00–0.20; p = 0.0008). The presence of additional procedures while performing surgery for posterior shoulder instability was associated with poorer outcomes as reflected by lower ASES scores (MD = −6.70; 95% CI = −8.64 to −4.76; p < 0.0001), higher WOSI index (MD = 63.4; 95% CI = 33.0–93.8; p < 0.0001), lower University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scores (MD = −2.30; 95% CI = −2.81 to −1.79; p < 0.0001), higher pain scores (MD = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.39–1.05; p < 0.0001) and higher post-operative instability (MD = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.57–1.03; p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

The presence of chondral damage, previous shoulder surgery, concomitant surgery and workman’s compensation was associated with poorer outcomes for arthroscopic repair of posterior shoulder instability. Further studies should be done to further validate these factors.
I’ve Got My Family and My Faith: Black Women and the Suicide Paradox
Authors: Spates Kamesha , Slatton Brittany C.
Published: December 2017

Although existing suicide literature proposes black women’s strong religious ties and social networks protect them against suicide, few studies offer black women’s perceptions. The present study examines the factors black women perceive of as protective against suicide by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with 33 U.S.-born black women. Results support current suicide literature on the role of social networks and religion in black women’s lives. The results also identify two important factors researchers continue to overlook. These include: (1) Black women’s encounters with longstanding oppression appear to have aided them in developing a strong sense of resiliency that has thereby resulted in a keen sense of survival individually and culturally despite the challenges they face, and (2) black women are highly regarded within their support systems, so their levels of responsibility and commitment to others often results in the dismissal of suicide as an option.
Prognostic miRNA classifier in early-stage mycosis fungoides: development and validation in a Danish nationwide study
Authors: Lindahl Lise M. , Besenbacher Søren , Rittig Anne H. , Celis Pamela , Willerslev-Olsen Andreas , Gjerdrum Lise M. R. , Krejsgaard Thorbjørn , Johansen Claus , Litman Thomas , Woetmann Anders , Odum Niels , Iversen Lars
Published: December 2017

Key Points

A validated 3-miRNA classifier can effectively predict progression from early- to advanced-stage MF and survival at time of diagnosis. This classifier outperforms existing clinical prognostic factors and paves the way for implementation of personalized treatment in MF.
Myosin IIa is critical for cAMP-mediated endothelial secretion of von Willebrand factor
Authors: Li Pin , Wei Guoqin , Cao Yang , Deng Qiuping , Han Xiaofan , Huang Xiaoshuai , Huo Yingqing , He Yulong , Chen Liangyi , Luo Jincai
Published: December 2017

Key Points

Myosin IIa is required for cAMP-mediated endothelial VWF secretion critical for hemostasis and thrombosis. Myosin IIa regulates mature WPB positioning and facilitates WPB exocytosis via zyxin-mediated actin framework formation before fusion.
Optimal combination of wage cuts and layoffs—the unexpected side effect of a performance-based payment system
Authors: Yokoyama Izumi , Obara Takuya
Published: December 2017

This study analyzes the trade-off relationship between layoffs and wage cuts. If the introduction of a performance-based payment system stimulates workers’ pecuniary-motivated minds, their morale can be damaged more severely by wage cuts than prior to the introduction thereof. Utilizing this idea, we demonstrate theoretically that the more heavily wages are based on performance, the more firms, fearing that workers’ morale will be damaged by wage cuts, try to avoid wage cuts and instead prefer layoffs. Next, we show empirically the trend whereby firms with performance-based payment systems are unlikely to implement wage cuts. Given this first-stage regression, the status of a performance-based payment system, based on the firm’s past decision and assured to be exogenous, is employed as an instrumental variable (IV) for wage cuts in a layoff regression model to overcome simultaneous bias. In the second-stage regression, the IV estimates for the impact of wage cuts on layoffs are significantly negative: if a firm implements wage cuts, it will reduce the probability of layoffs by 0.172. This supports the theoretical implication that implementing wage cuts can be a potential device for reducing layoffs. These results may imply an unexpected side effect of the increasing use of performance-based payment systems: as such systems become more widespread, layoffs will increase because firms will become less likely to impose wage cuts, thus potentially resulting in high unemployment.
Draft genome sequences of Bradyrhizobium shewense sp. nov. ERR11T and Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense CCBAU 10071T
Authors: Aserse Aregu Amsalu , Woyke Tanja , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Whitman William B. , Lindström Kristina
Published: December 2017

The type strain of the prospective
Bradyrhizobium shewense
sp. nov. ERR11T, was isolated from a nodule of the leguminous tree
Erythrina brucei
native to Ethiopia. The type strain
Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense
CCBAU 10071T, was isolated from the nodules of
Lespedeza cuneata
in Beijing, China. The genomes of ERR11T and CCBAU 10071T were sequenced by DOE–JGI and deposited at the DOE–JGI genome portal as well as at the European Nucleotide Archive. The genome of ERR11T is 9,163,226 bp in length and has 102 scaffolds, containing 8548 protein–coding and 86 RNA genes. The CCBAU 10071T genome is arranged in 108 scaffolds and consists of 8,201,522 bp long and 7776 protein–coding and 85 RNA genes. Both genomes contain symbiotic genes, which are homologous to the genes found in the complete genome sequence of
Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens
USDA110T. The genes encoding for nodulation and nitrogen fixation in ERR11T showed high sequence similarity with homologous genes found in the draft genome of peanut–nodulating
Bradyrhizobium arachidis
LMG 26795T. The nodulation genes nolYA-nodD2D1YABCSUIJ-nolO-nodZ of ERR11T and CCBAU 10071T are organized in a similar way to the homologous genes identified in the genomes of USDA110T,
Bradyrhizobium ottawaense
USDA 4 and
Bradyrhizobium liaoningense
CCBAU 05525. The genomes harbor hupSLCFHK and hypBFDE genes that code the expression of hydrogenase, an enzyme that helps rhizobia to uptake hydrogen released by the N2-fixation process and genes encoding denitrification functions napEDABC and norCBQD for nitrate and nitric oxide reduction, respectively. The genome of ERR11T also contains nosRZDFYLX genes encoding nitrous oxide reductase. Based on multilocus sequence analysis of housekeeping genes, the novel species, which contains eight strains formed a unique group close to the
B. ottawaense
branch. Genome Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) calculated between the genome sequences of ERR11T and closely related sequences revealed that strains belonging to
B. ottawaense
branch (USDA4 and CCBAU15615), were the closest strains to the strain ERR11T with 95.2% ANI. Type strain ERR11T showed the highest DDH predicted value with CCBAU15615 (58.5%), followed by USDA 4 (53.1%). Nevertheless, the ANI and DDH values obtained between ERR11T and CCBAU 15615 or USDA 4 were below the cutoff values (ANI ≥ 96.5%; DDH ≥ 70%) for strains belonging to the same species, suggesting that ERR11T is a new species. Therefore, based on the phylogenetic analysis, ANI and DDH values, we formally propose the creation of
B. shewense
sp. nov. with strain ERR11T (HAMBI 3532T=LMG 30162T) as the type strain.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Han Catherine H. , Batchelor Tracy T.
Published: December 2017

Purpose of Review: Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is a rare and aggressive extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma confined to the brain, eyes, spinal cord, or leptomeninges without systemic involvement. This article provides an overview of the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of primary CNS lymphoma in patients who are immunocompetent, focusing on recent advances in treatment.

Recent Findings: Primary CNS lymphoma is sensitive to radiation therapy; however, whole-brain radiation therapy inadequately controls the disease when used alone and causes delayed neurotoxicity with significant neurocognitive impairment, especially in patients who are elderly. A number of clinical trials have demonstrated durable disease control and less neurotoxicity with methotrexate-based induction chemotherapy with or without autologous stem cell transplantation or reduced-dose whole-brain radiation therapy.

Summary: Prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment are vital to improving clinical outcomes in patients with primary CNS lymphoma. The optimal treatment has yet to be defined, but high-dose methotrexate-based induction chemotherapy is considered standard for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma. Ongoing randomized trials will attempt to address the roles of rituximab and consolidative treatment using autologous stem cell transplantation or reduced-dose whole-brain radiation therapy. Despite high tumor response rates to initial treatment, many patients will relapse. The choice of salvage treatment will depend on age, previous treatment and response, performance status, and comorbidities at the time of relapse.
Η αυτοδιάθεση των λαών και η αναγνώριση των κρατών: Αναμοχλεύοντας δύο παραδοσιακούς όρους του Διεθνούς Δικαίου στην ευρωπαϊκή κρίση
Authors: Ροζάκης Χρήστος
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά
Η αποσταθεροποιητική δυναμική του ελληνικού εκλογικού-δημοσιονομικού κύκλου
Authors: Θωμαδάκης Σταύρος Β. , Σερεμέτης Δημήτρης Β.
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά
Κρατική γραφειοκρατία και πολιτικά κόμματα στη μεταπολεμική Ελλάδα: Μια σχέση ανισορροπίας
Authors: Σωτηρόπουλος Δημήτρης Α.
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά
Η νέα πορεία της Ευρωπαϊκής Κοινότητας — Βιβλιογραφικό δοκίμιο
Authors: Τσινισιζέλης Μιχάλης
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη / no abstract available
MICHEL WINOCK (επιμ.), Histoire de l’extreme droite en France, Seuil, Παρίσι 1993
Authors: Παπαδημητρίου Δέσποινα
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη / no abstract available
Κόμματα «νέας πολιτικής». Πολιτικές και πολιτισμικές ορίζουσες
Authors: Δεμερτζής Νίκος
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ КОНЦЕПТА «ЖЕНЩИНА» В ПАРЕМИОЛОГИИ И ФРАЗЕОЛОГИИ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Authors: Cherkesova Zareta Valerievna
Published: December 2017

Цель. Статья посвящена исследованию концепта «женщина» в русском языке на уровне паремиологических и фразеологических единиц. Предметом исследования выступают процессы эволюции концепта «женщина» в русской паремилогической и фразеологической картинах мира. Цель работы – установить экстралингвистические факторы, влияющие на эволюцию концепта «женщина» на материале русских фразеологических и паремиологических единиц.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования составляют способы и принципы изучения концепта, реализуемые с помощью лингвокультурологического подхода.Результаты. Обобщая результаты исследования, следует заметить, что в русском языке обнаруживаются фразеологизмы, которые по своему содержанию имеют отношение только к женщине, касающиеся непосредственно жизни женщин (внешности, характера, поведения, социального статуса и т.п.); что в русской паремиологии имеет место андроцентричный (в большинстве случаев отрицательно коннотированный) взгляд на образ женщины и наличие женского сознания, мышления. Отрицательная коннотация характерна в основном для понятия «баба», а положительная – для понятия «мать» (матушка).Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при изучении основных концептов, образующих универсальную концептосферу отдельно взятого народа.
РОЛЬ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО СОЗНАНИЯ В СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ДЕТЕРМИНАЦИИ СОЗНАНИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ
Authors: Ryzhonina Natal’ja Aleksandrovna , Lygina Marina Arkadevna
Published: December 2017

Цель. Статья посвящена значимой для современной духовной ситуации в обществе теме соотношения и взаимодействия индивидуального и общественного сознаний. Предмет анализа – воздействие общественного сознания на сознание личности. Цель статьи составляют интерпретация взаимодействия коллективного и индивидуального разумов, а также поиск структурных элементов общественного сознания, детерминирующих сознание личности.Методология. За основу работы авторами взяты компаративный метод, метод структурного анализа, а также социально-феноменологический подход и принцип сведения индивидуального к социальному.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что авторы с опорой на социально-феноменологический подход интерпретируют взаимодействие персонального и общественного сознаний. Последнее рассматривается ими через понятие социального конструирования реальности, то есть коллективной деятельности по продуцированию и дальнейшей объективации и институализации идей, социальных норм и ценностей, составляющих базис социальности. Также авторы выявляют несколько элементов духовной жизни общества, влияющих на сознание индивидов, среди которых общественная психология, массовая культура, групповое сознание.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сферах культурной, образовательной и социальной политики.
ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ САМОИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ РАССКАЗЧИКА В КОНТЕКСТЕ МЕМОРАТА
Authors: Vekkesser Mariya Victorovna , Mamaeva Svetlana Victorovna , Slavkina Inga Anatol’evna , Shmul’skaya Larisa Stepanovna
Published: December 2017

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме сохранения региональной идентичности в условиях лингвокультурологической глобализации современного общества. Целью нашего исследования является выявление вербальных средств выражения региональной самоидентификации рассказчиков в контексте мемората. Объектом выступает самоидентификация рассказчика в речевом жанре мемората, а предметом – вербальные способы выражения региональной самоидентификации.Методология и методы проведения работы. Обращение к жанру мемората при выявлении лингвистических способов региональной самоидентификации рассказчиков рассматривается в контексте региональной лингвистики с позиций коммуникативно-дискурсивного подхода; используются методы дискурсивного и контекстуального анализа.Результаты. В статье в теоретическом плане охарактеризован меморат с позиций теории речевых жанров. В работе показано, что рассказчики через актуализацию языковых средств соотносят себя со своим регионом, в результате происходит региональная самоидентификация. В эпоху языковой глобализации важно проводить исследования, которые посвящены региональной самоидентификации, в частности в контексте речевого жанра мемората.Область применения результатов. Материалы статьи могут быть использованы в образовательном процессе при чтении спецкурсов, связанных с проблемами региональной лингвистики.
ПРОФСОЮЗЫ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ: НЕКОТОРЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ
Authors: Anosov Sergey Sergeevich
Published: December 2017

Цель. Целью данной работы является предварительный анализ некоторых направлений исследования института профсоюзов в российском обществе, определение наиболее значимых подходов, фиксация основных исследовательских тем, поднимаемых в связи с данным социальным феноменом.Метод или методология проведения работы. Использованы методы компаративного, институционального, структурно-функционального, и, отчасти, исторического анализа. В целом, используемые методы обусловлены тем или иным анализируемым подходом, задающим конкретную методологию анализа.Результаты. Продемонстрировано, что феномен профсоюзов продолжает активно исследоваться в общественных науках, что связано с необходимостью переосмысления роли и значения «раннеиндустриальных» институтов в современном обществе. Показано, что эвристическими инструментами при рассмотрении данного института выступают следующие темы: функциональность, как соответствие генерических, изначальных задач института и фактически исполняемых им функций; роль профсоюзов в социальной консолидации и интеграции, связанная с особенностями реализации в российском обществе формулы «трипартизма», или социального диалога между государством, бизнесом и обществом, в котором профсоюзам отводится та или иная роль; институциональное доверие, выражающееся в той или иной степени социальной поддержки данного института и его легитимизации со стороны массового сознания. Также продемонстрировано, что одним из перспективных направлений исследований мог бы стать институциональный анализ профсоюзов на основании теорий, уделяющих внимание социокультурным и историческим основаниям институционального дизайна и развития.Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты могут быть применены при обосновании дальнейших исследований феномена профсоюзного движения в отечественном социуме, стать элементом учебно-методических материалов в образовательной практике, послужить в качестве одного из теоретико-методологических обоснований при формулировании и реализации стратегий социальной консолидации российского общества.
ОБРАЗ ПРОСТРАНСТВА В ПРОЗЕ ПИСАТЕЛЕЙ ПРИЕНИСЕЙСКОЙ СИБИРИ
Authors: Mazurova Nadezhda Alekseevna , Bahor Tamara Andreevna , Zyryanova Olga Nikolaevna
Published: December 2017

Статья посвящена актуальной в условиях глобализации проблеме региональной идентичности. Предметом исследования являются произведения Н. Волокитина, В. Астафьева, А. Бондаренко и других писателей Приенисейской Сибири. Объектом исследования выступает образ регионального пространства в данных произведениях.Цель. Рассмотреть особенности художественного пространства в произведениях, выявить основные маркеры, характеризующие пространство Приенисейской Сибири.Методы исследования: в основу исследованы положены описательный метод, метод контекстуального анализа, сравнительно-типологический метод.Результаты. В результате проведенного исследования выявлено, что изучение региональной идентичности ведется в различных направлениях [1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12]. Маркерами регионального пространства в художественной литературе являются как природные образы (реки, озера, горы, тайга (лес), так и образы культуры (дом, село (город), архитектурные объекты и др.).Хронотоп Сибири в произведениях писателей Красноярского края второй половины ХХ в. качественно изменился: это «мертвый» край, но не в силу природных условий (долгая зима, убивающие все морозы), а в результате деятельности человека (вырубленная тайга, захламленные реки и озера, исчезнувшие деревни).Река – один из устойчивых маркеров регионального пространства. В произведениях сибирских писателей это не только знак, привязывающий к месту действия, но и смыслообразующий образ.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при рассмотрении вопросов региональной идентичности при изучении таких дисциплин, как «Фольклор и литература Красноярского края», «Локальные тексты русской литературы и культуры» (раздел «Сибирский текст»), «Культура Сибири», «Сибирская ссылка».
ФОРМИРУЮЩАЯСЯ ЯЗЫКОВАЯ ЛИЧНОСТЬ КАК ОБЪЕКТ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИОННОЙ ЛИНГВОПЕРСОНОЛОГИИ
Authors: Mamaeva Svetlana Victorovna , Vekkesser Mariya Victorovna , Slavkina Inga Anatol’evna , Shmul’skaya Larisa Stepanovna
Published: December 2017

Предметом исследования в работе является фонетический портрет школьников 5–7-х классов, дающий представление о коллективной языковой личности подростков провинциального города. Представленные особенности определяются и проявляются как тенденции в использовании или употреблении тех или иных языковых единиц на вербально-семантическом уровне и определенных механизмах выбора слов на когнитивном уровне.Цель. Проанализировать особенности устной спонтанной речи младших подростков.Методы исследования: описательный метод и метод контекстуального анализа.Результаты. Исследование показало, что для коллективной личности школьников-подростков характерны особенности в использовании сегментных языковых единиц: нечеткая артикуляция гласных и согласных звуков, что приводит к утрате отдельных звуков (в некоторых случаях усечению целых слогов), и, следовательно, к деформации речи. При описании суперсегментных единиц типичным оказалось использование разнообразной интонации, темпа, их выбор определяется ситуацией общения. Анализ соответствия речи школьников орфоэпическим нормам показал частые случаи отклонения от кодифицированных вариантов, что связано с узуальной речевой практикой школьников и влиянием речевой среды.
Performance Guarantees and Optimal Purification Decisions for Engineered Proteins
Authors: Martagan Tugce , Krishnamurthy Ananth , Leland Peter A. , Maravelias Christos T.
Published: December 2017

We investigate protein purification operations conducted by biomanufacturers and pharmaceutical companies as part of their research and development efforts. Purification of these proteins involves unique challenges such as balancing the yield and purity trade-offs, dealing with uncertainty in the starting material, and estimating the impact of several interlinked decisions. We develop a Markov decision model and partition the state space into decision zones that provide managerial insights to optimize purification operations. We develop practical guidelines to quantify financial risks, and we characterize the optimal operating decisions based on specific production requirements. The optimization framework has been implemented at Aldevron, a contract biomanufacturer specializing in proteins, and has resulted in 25% reduction in the total lead times and 20% reduction in the costs of protein purification operations on average.
I am a Driver-Partner
Authors: Luke Munn
Published: December 2017

What does it mean to be a worker in the sharing economy? How is this subjectivity produced by the algorithmic performativities infused into these platforms and how, in turn, is this subjectivity negotiated with? To investigate this question, this article examines the particular algorithmic system of Uber, a labour platform which connects passengers with self-employed ‘Driver-Partners’. Using the notion of the machine, it explores the intentions and agencies embedded in two strategic intersections of matter. The Partner-Management-Messaging machine attempts to shape the behaviour of the Driver-Partner through an array of messaging and motivational techniques. The Driver-Partner responds ambivalently through strategies which both collaborate and conflict with these operational logics. The ViolentFlesh-Passenger machine delves into the informatic notion of the body which Uber maintains and the concrete processes that constantly reinforce this notion. However, this informatic identity fails to fully exhaust the possibilities of the corporeal, highlighting the disparity between this ostensibly ethereal and largely vestigial driver and the violent actions nevertheless carried out by bodies on other bodies. These cases exemplify the negotiations and contingencies which are ever present within algorithmically regulated systems of labour.
Rapid Diagnosis of Tick-Borne Illnesses by Use of One-Step Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification and Bio-Optical Sensor Detection
Authors: Kim Ji Yeun , Koo Bonhan , Jin Choong Eun , Kim Min Chul , Chong Yong Pil , Lee Sang-Oh , Choi Sang-Ho , Kim Yang Soo , Woo Jun Hee , Shin Yong , Kim Sung-Han
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Scrub typhus and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) are the most common tick-borne illnesses in South Korea. Early differentiation of SFTS from scrub typhus in emergency departments is essential but difficult because of their overlapping epidemiology, shared risk factors, and similar clinical manifestations.

METHODS

We compared the diagnostic performance of one-step isothermal nucleic acid amplification with bio-optical sensor detection (iNAD) under isothermal conditions, which is rapid (20–30 min), with that of real-time PCR, in patients with a confirmed tick-borne illness. Fifteen patients with confirmed SFTS who provided a total of 15 initial blood samples and 5 follow-up blood samples, and 21 patients with confirmed scrub typhus, were evaluated.

RESULTS

The clinical sensitivity of iNAD (100%; 95% CI, 83–100) for SFTS was significantly higher than that of real-time PCR (75%; 95% CI, 51–91; P = 0.047), while its clinical specificity (86%; 95% CI, 65–97) was similar to that of real-time PCR (95%; 95% CI, 77–99; P = 0.61). The clinical sensitivity of iNAD for scrub typhus (100%; 95% CI, 81–100) was significantly higher than that of real-time PCR for scrub typhus (67%; 95% CI, 43–85; P = 0.009), while its clinical specificity (90%; 95% CI, 67–98) was similar to that of real-time PCR (95%; 95% CI, 73–100; P > 0.99).

CONCLUSIONS

iNAD is a valuable, rapid method of detecting SFTS virus and Orientia tsutsugamushi with high clinical sensitivity and specificity.
How does Hou Hsiao-hsien engage with popular memory? National allegory, language and family story in Good Men, Good Women (Hou Hsiao-hsien, 1995)
Authors: Hung Christine Yu-Ting
Published: December 2017

This article engages with popular memory in Good Men, Good Women in order to explain the history of Taiwan before and after the Second World War. It deals with the themes of national allegory, language and family in the film. First, I will discuss the patriotism of the Taiwanese during the Sino-Japanese War. In these turbulent times, there was a group of Taiwanese, including Chiang Pi-yu and Chung Hao-tung, that refused to support Japan in the Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) and instead went to Mainland China to help the Chinese fight the Japanese, in a demonstration of their patriotism. In the film, Good Men, Good Women, the phenomenon of a certain group of people’s patriotism in Taiwan is very well explicated. But the language and cultural barriers between Taiwan and China made it difficult to realize their ‘patriotism’. This article discusses the difficult situation that the Taiwanese faced before and after the Second World War using Hou Hsiao-hsien’s Good Men, Good Women and written documents from my family. By doing so, I explain how Hou Hsiao-hsien engages with popular memory in terms of national allegory, language and family stories.
Genre storytelling and glocalization in Mainland Chinese cinema at the turn of the century: The Missing Gun as a case study
Authors: Shu Yongzhen
Published: December 2017

Critics have identified poor storytelling as the Achilles’ heel that hobbles the sustainable development of the film industry in Mainland China. This article tackles the issue of storytelling in Mainland Chinese cinema by focusing on the turn-of-the-century detective film Xun qiang (The Missing Gun) (Lu, 2002). Approaching the film from its adaptation of a published novella, this article examines the film’s storytelling strategies regarding plot, narration, emotional appeal and censorship. It reveals the conscientious adoption of classical Hollywood storytelling principles and their integration with contemporary Chinese cultural, social and political materials and contexts, a cinematic glocalization that creates a distinctive Chinese detective genre with innovative and engrossing storytelling. The article argues that The Missing Gun foreshadows the indigenization of international commercial genres and constitutes a viable model for genre storytelling in Mainland China in the twenty-first century.
‘You Won’t Believe Her Eyes’: Gender politics, cultural reiteration and the cinematic other in the transnational remake from Gin gwai (The Eye) (2002) to The Eye (2008)
Authors: Li Jinhua
Published: December 2017

David Moreau and Xavier Palud’s 2008 transnational remake of the Hong Kong horror film Gin gwai (The Eye) (2002) into The Eye exemplifies an alternative cultural dynamics and gender politics in the border-crossing of cinematic texts. Moving away from the binary opposition of the original/remake and East–West analytical paradigms, this article argues that any attempt to employ cinematic transnationalism as an innovative and illuminating critical apparatus to analyse and investigate the increasingly popular global entertainment phenomenon of transnational film remakes needs to contextualize the films’ cultural discourses, gender politics and representational rhetoric within both axes of the national and the transnational. Therefore, this article adopts an alternative critical lens in transnational remake studies that recognizes both the reciprocity and the rivalry between the East Asian original and the Hollywood remake in order to tease out the contested gender politics and cultural dynamics in the re-articulation of a cinematic other. Accentuating a competitive symbiosis between Gin gwai and The Eye, this article argues that The Eye inscribes an ethnocentric feminist discourse to erase Gin gwai’s apparent patriarchal gender politics, but The Eye’s liberating feminist re-visualization only allows the American protagonist agency at the expense of her inferior Mexican other.
The entertainment industry and India, Inc.
Authors: Barat Somjit
Published: December 2017

This article focuses on how the Indian entertainment industry has played a unique role in the marketing of ‘India Inc.’ to the outside world since the Government of India accorded ‘industry’ status to the business of filmmaking in 1998. Specifically, this article discusses how one of the biggest entertainment industries in the world survived decades of mismanagement to acquire the status of a highly sought-after marketing platform by different entities – both Indian and international. The author invokes special discussion on how the ‘marriage of convenience’ between the Indian film world and the game of cricket that added fuel to the marketization of India Inc. and concludes with several interesting ideas for future research.
Book Review
Authors: Cunliffe Tom
Published: December 2017

Hong Kong Neo Noir, Esther C. M. Yau and Tony Williams (eds) (2017) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 280 pp., h/bk, ISBN: 97881474412667, £70.00