bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Μπορεί η διαδικασία της αυτο-κατηγοριοποίησης των παιδιών Ρομά να εξηγήσει τις σχολικές τους δυσκολίες;
Authors: Πνευματικός Δημήτρης , Γκέκα Μαρία , Διβανέ Μαρία
Published: January 2021

The current study aimed at the understanding of the difficulties Roma children encounter in school through the understanding of the process of their selfcategorization. It is examined whether the stereotypes of the dominant group for them are adopted by the young Roma through the self-categorization process adjusting their behavior. The behavior beyond the ordinal school rules, the school failure and the vocational guidance as stereotypes of the Greek society for the Roma were examined as well. Forty Roma infants and children participated in the study. Participants identified themselves with a Roma protagonist of the puppet show who was in intergroup comparisons and afterwards they answered questions about the dimensions of the school life that correspond to negative stereotypes for the Roma. Results showed that the stereotypes of the out group are recognized and attributed to the Roma protagonist since their infancy, and without having the experience of the actual intergroup relations within the school settings. Roma children adopted the stereotypes denoting that they have behavioral problems at school, that they have learning difficulties, and that they will follow a job of a low social status in their lives. The actual intergroup conditions during schooling change some of the adopted stereotypes through the process of the self-categorization. The results are discussed in the light of the intervention programs.
Πεποιθήσεις Αυτοαποτελεσματικότητας και Δεξιότητες Επαγγελματικών Συμβούλων σε μεγάλες επιχειρήσεις και συμβουλευτικές εταιρείες
Authors: Καλίρης Ανδρόνικος , Σιδηροπούλου - Δημακάκου Δέσποινα , Αργυροπούλου Κατερίνα , Φακιόλας Νικόλαος
Published: January 2021

Career counselors and human resources executives’ role in businesses isbecoming more and more complex and demanding. Thus, in order to be effective in their work it is essential that they constantly gain specialized knowledge and competencies and maintain an appropriate self-efficacy level, as well. This survey examined the relationship between training in career counseling and self-efficacy beliefs in a sample of career specialists. Significant positive correlations occurred between the self-efficacy scales with each other, as well as among the previous scales and competency sub-scales. Although counselors reported relatively high levels of career counseling self-efficacy beliefs, results showed that they would need additional training almost in all competencies. The article concludes with implications for the development of a career counselor training model.
Pragmatic abilities of high-functioning Greek-speaking children with autism
Authors: Marinis Theodoros , Terzi Arhonto , Kotsopoulou Angeliki , Francis Konstantinos
Published: January 2021

This paper reports on the findings of the pragmatic abilities of Greek-speaking children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Twenty high functioning children with ASD and their typically developing age and vocabulary controls were administered a pragmatics task in the context of a larger study targeting the grammar of Greek-speaking children withautism. The task was based on the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation (DELV) and assessed the children’s abilities in communicative role taking, narrative, and question asking. The children with ASDshowed an uneven profile in their pragmatic abilities. The two groups did not differ in communicative role taking and question asking. However, the children with ASD had difficulties on the narrative task, and morespecifically, on the items assessing reference contrast and temporal links. Yet, they performed similarly on the mental state representations and the false beliefs items. Despite their good performance on mental states and false beliefs, the ASD children’s lower performance on reference contrast can be interpreted via Theory of Mind deficits if we assume that the former involve an additional level of complexity; namely, quantifying the amount of information available to the listener. Lower performance on temporal links is in line with the ASD children’s attested difficulties in organizing events into a coherent gist. Their overall profile, and, in particular, the dissociation between the different sections of the task, does not support single deficit accounts. It rather indicates that the deficits of individuals with ASD stem from distinct deficits in core cognitive processes (Happé & Frith, 2006).
Grammatical Gender in Specific Language Impairment: Evidence from Determiner-Noun Contexts in Greek
Authors: Varlokosta Spyridoula , Nerantzini Michaela
Published: January 2021

Τhe present study investigates whether Greek-speaking children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) face difficulties in the acquisition of gender in determiner-noun contexts, as expressed via agreement οn the determiner. The results of an elicitation task with real and novel nouns showed that children with SLI (a) show difficulties primarily with masculine and feminine gender marking, and do not use prototypicality of the noun suffix, as typically developing children do, to mark the gender on the determiner in conditions with real nouns, and (b) do not use, with the same consistency as typically developing children do, the noun ending as a cue to mark the gender value on the determiner in conditions with novel nouns. It is argued that although grammatical gender is considered an intrinsic lexical property of the noun, it is not learned by children with SLI along with other lexical features of the noun. Moreover, when lexical information is not provided in the nouns, children with SLI cannot process morphology cues, such as the inflectional suffixes on the nouns, as consistently as typically developing children do.
Επανακατηγοριοποίηση υλικών σωμάτων και φυσικές μεταβολές της ύλης
Authors: Γκικοπούλου Ουρανία , Βοσνιάδου Στέλλα
Published: January 2021

Previous research has shown that students have difficulties in understanding the scientific explanations of the physical changes of state of matter. We hypothesized that these difficulties stem from the fact that they categorize substances to belong to one of three distinct states (solid, liquid, gas), instead of their molecular structure (particular nature of matter), and apply to them the properties of the corresponding physical state (e.g., solids are rigid, liquids are flexible, gases are invisible, etc.). The purpose of the study was to examine whether there is a recategorization of substances with development and if this is correlated with students’ explanations of physical changes of state. The participants were 40 4th graders, 40 6th graders, 35 9th graders and 30 university students. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis regarding the recategorization of substances and high correlations were obtained between participants’ categorizations of substances and their explanations of physical changes of state, supporting the idea that the shift from categorizing substances based on their physical state to categorizing them based on their molecular structure is probably a prerequisite to a full understanding of the change of state of matter.
Οι συναισθηματικοί δείκτες στα σχέδια παιδιών που έχουν υποστεί σωματική κακοποίηση
Authors: Παπαδάκη - Μιχαηλίδη Ελένη , Λυδάκη Παρασκευή
Published: January 2021

The problem of child abuse is very difficult to handle, because it is one of the best kept secrets that exist. Studying drawings is one of the most widespread methods that investigate child abuse, because one can draw sensitive information without producing fear or anxiety to the child. The present study investigated the frequency of appearance of 20emotional indicators in the drawings produced by abused and non abused children. The subjects of the study were 101 abused and 72 non abused elementary school children. The researcher asked the children to draw a human figure, and these drawings were scored for the presence or absence of 20 emotional indicators which reflect the negative feelings of the drawer (Koppitz, 1968. Malchiodi, 1997). Twelve of thosetwenty emotional indicators appeared significantly more often in the drawings produced by the abused children (p<0,000 to p<0,003). The results of this study show that drawings when analyzed by adequatelytrained specialists, and when combined with other diagnostic methods, can be used to uncover child abuse. The danger behind drawing interpretation by nontrained people is emphasized in the present study.
Η θέση των χρηστριών ουσιών και εξαρτημένων γυναικών στο πεδίο των ουσιοεξαρτήσεων
Authors: Παπαθανασίου Μαρία , Ποταμιανός Γρηγόρης , Χαρίτου - Φατούρου Μίκα
Published: January 2021

This article explores the position of women with problems of drug abuse in Western and Greek research literature on addiction. We review a number of studies from the western and Greek addiction research literature in order to examine the claims of critical-feminist and postmodern researchers that addiction research refers mainly to males, whereas addiction is described as a male problem. Our review supports the above claim and illustrates how the experience of women with drug misuse is ignored or even distorted in Greece and in other western countries. We also discuss briefly the current state of the addiction literature towards women’s drug misuse. We conclude that even though a remarkable progress has been made in the field, Ettorre’s oldest view (1992) that research in the field of addiction undermines the significance of substance use by women as a social group, if not actively hiding it, remains relevant.
«Η γυναίκα μου δε θα δουλεύει… θα ’ναι νοικοκυρά…»: Προσδοκίες εφήβων της μειονότητας για τις σχέσεις των δύο φύλων στην ιδιωτική και δημόσια σφαίρα
Authors: Σακκά Δέσποινα
Published: January 2021

The aim of the present study is to explore the expectations of adolescents of minority status (i.e. of Muslim religion and diverse cultural origin)2 on their future professional and family life as well as on gender relations. To this purpose, adolescents’ views and expectations from both the dominant and minority groups are comparativelyexamined. One hundred and eighty adolescents participated in the study (86 for the dominant group and 94 for the minority). All participants (82 boys and 98 girls) attended Lyceum. Quantitative and qualitative datawere collected concerning the adolescents’ expectations on their future employment and family life as well as their views on gender relations in the public and private sphere. Data included the subjects’ answers toa questionnaire and a composition titled “One day in my future family”. Τhe results of the study reveal the multiple gender identities that are constructed by culturally diverse, in terms of gender, religion and socialstatus, groups of adolescents. Moreover, suggest that as boys and girls of both the minority and the dominant groups project themselves in the future, they try to actively construct the social context they will live in,to position themselves within it and to provide meaning to gender relations.
Ψυχολογία, φύλο και ταυτότητα: Αντινομίες, διασταυρώσεις και προκλήσεις
Authors: Φίγγου Λία
Published: January 2021

The aim of this commentary on the papers that contribute to this special issue is to highlight the main points of convergence between them and to identify the position they take on some key argumentative debates on gender identity, within psychology. It is argued that an approach both to gender identity and to its psychological study as situated in the social context, the need to take into account intersectionality, and resistance to feminization constitute points of convergence between the studies.
Η ανάπτυξη της ενσυναίσθησης στους διδύμους
Authors: Μαρκοδημητράκη Μαρία
Published: January 2021

In this article we discuss the currently unsolved issue of empathy in twins. In the first chapter we briefly describe some definitions, its differentiation from several other related concepts and representative psychological theories on empathy. In the second chapter, we give a brief description of the psychological studies on twins’ empathy. In particular, we present some findings from fetal, infant, child, adolescent and adult life. These findings derived from comparative twin - non twin studies. Some of them are clinical studies focusing on the role of heredity and environment in empathy’s development and some other are developmental studies based on a psychoanalytical approach of empathy and its approach in light of the Theory of Innate Intersubjectivity. In the Discussion section, we summarize all the above, we detect the gaps in research on twins’ empathy and we make a brief reference to the value of empathy’s development in a family context during the first months of life and in a school context later in life. Finally, we highlight the need to investigate further the wide range of the associated terms.
INTRODUCTION - Latest developments in Positive Psychology: The case of Greece
Authors: Pezirkianidis Christos , Stalikas Anastassios
Published: January 2021

In the last two decades, there is a rapid growth of the research initiative on Positive Psychology not only internationally but also in Greece. The present special issue aims at bringing together, highlighting, and promoting research and applications of Positive Psychology in Greece. At first, the authors introduce readers to the history and roots of Positive Psychology and focus on how research on Positive Psychology flourished in Greece. Moreover, emphasis is given on the core concepts of Positive Psychology, namely wellbeing, experiencing positive emotions, psychological resilience, and character strengths. Authors focus on the research conducted in Greece, the psychological instruments that measure them, and the applications of Positive Psychology, e.g. positive education, positive organizations, positive psychotherapy, and positive psychology interventions. To close with, the authors introduce readers to the eleven articles, which are included in the present special issue by presenting their main findings.
Adolescents’ perceptions of covitality and academic performance: The moderating role of school climate
Authors: Stasinou Vasiliki , Hatzichristou Chryse , Lampropoulou Aikaterini , Lianos Panayiotis
Published: January 2021

Children’s and adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment has been studied in relation to various factors at an individual and system level aiming at identifying the variables that contribute, as protective factors, to the promotion of their social and emotional health and covitality. This study examined the link between covitality, which describes the co-occurrence of basic positive psychology constructs, and the perceptions of Greek junior high school students regarding school climate. The sample consisted of 745 adolescent students (mean age 14.4 years) from randomly selected junior high schools in the broader area of Athens, Greece. The Social-Emotional Health Survey–Secondary (SEHS-S), CHKS Supplemental School Climate Module, students’ academic performance, and a questionnaire of socio-demographic data were used. Findings indicated the existence of statistically significant relations between adolescents’ perceptions of social and emotional health and school climate. Furthermore, significant differences were found in relation to school performance and parents’ unemployment. Conditional process analyses showed that several school climate dimensions (i.e. Support for learning, Discipline, and Order, Peer relations, Social-emotional support, Environment) moderated the direct effect of school performance on covitality. Furthermore, father’s unemployment added to the prediction of covitality by school climate. The results provide a better understanding of adolescents’ development and highlight the critical role of positive school climate on students’ psychosocial adjustment providing implications for developing effective interventions in school communities.
Dispositional Optimism in Cardiac Patients and Their Spouses: Dyadic Relations to Well-being and Positive Affect
Authors: Karademas Evangelos , Thomadakis Christoforos
Published: January 2021

The aim of this prospective study was to examine the relation of a positive personal characteristic, i.e., dispositional optimism, to physical and emotional well-being and positive affect in a sample of chronic cardiac patients and their partners. One hundred and four cardiac patients (25 women; mean age = 64.36 years) and their spouses (mean age = 60.04; all couples were married) participated in the study. Patient and partner dispositional optimism was assessed at baseline; well-being and positive affect, four months later. Τhe Actor-Partner Interdependence Model was used to examine the dyadic effects of optimism on physical and emotional well-being and positive affect. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to run these analyses. In almost all cases, patient and spouse baseline optimism was positively related to their own well-being and positive emotions. Furthermore, patient optimism positively predicted spouse outcomes. However, spouse optimism was not related to any of the patients’ indicators of well-being or positive emotions. These findings provide further support to the beneficial role of optimism, at an intra- and also inter-personal level. Furthermore, they indicate that, even when dealing with severe chronic disease, there are still positive personal characteristics, like dispositional optimism, which may help patients and their partners achieve better adaptation and higher levels of well-being.
ΨΥΧΟΛΟΓΙΑ, το περιοδικό της Ελληνικής Ψυχολογικής Εταιρείας: Μία νέα εποχή
Authors: (Νίκος Μακρής) Nikos Makris
Published: January 2021

Editor's note
Tα οφέλη της γραφής με το χέρι στην ανάπτυξη της αναγνωστικής ικανότητας: ανασκόπηση νευροαπεικονιστικών ευρημάτων
Authors: Βλάχος Φίλιππος
Published: January 2021

Although reading and writing are often treated as two separate processes, the research data of recent years suggest that these two functions seem to be interrelated and one depends on the other. The aim of this study was to examine whether handwriting is related to and, further, influences the development of reading abilities. To this end, we have reviewed neuroimaging research conducted over the last fifteen years. Research findings, both for pre-school and early-school children, as well as for adults, showed that handwriting influences brain development and activates brain reading systems more than other sensory kinetic techniques. Neuroimaging revealed that learning to write is based on the development of a network of brain structures, which includes the dorsal premotor cortex, the ventral premotor cortex, the upper parietal cortex and the fusiform gyrus of the left hemisphere in right-handed persons, as well as the contralateral cerebellum, structures whose participation and interconnection are specific to the writing of alphabet characters. This network is structured for the common learning of writing and reading and depends on the level of the writer's experience. The perception of letters is helped by the handwriting experience, upon which the ability to process the letters in the person's brain during reading is also based. The brain networks that appear to be triggered when identifying letters following the learning of these letters through handwriting are the same sensory kinetic networks that are activated during letter recognition and reading. In conclusion, the sensory experience gained through handwriting seems to develop the brain and strengthens the person’s ability to read.
Out-of-body experience favors emotional memory consolidation
Authors: Daoultzis Konstantinos Christos , Bogemann Sophie Alida , Onuki Yoshiyuki , Meeter Martijn , Van Der Werf Ysbrand
Published: January 2021

Body ownership reflects our ability to recognise our body at a certain location, enabling us to interact with the world. Emotion has a strong impact on memory and body ownership; interestingly, skin temperature may at least in part mediate this impact. Previous studies have found that out-of-body experiences (OBE) impair memory encoding and cause skin temperature to drop. In the present study a new method for inducing OBE was designed and their impact on a different stage and type of memory processing (emotional memory consolidation) and on skin temperature was investigated. In our experiment, we presented three types of emotional pictures (neutral, pleasant, unpleasant) before inducing OBE and testing our participants’ recognition memory in a retrieval session. Throughout the whole experiment, both neck and hand skin temperature were measured using iButtons. Participants’ performance was calculated using d-prime and statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, probing the relationship between the score on the OBE questionnaire, performance and skin temperature; we also compared the differences between the experimental and a control group. Results showed that OBE favour emotional memory consolidation and cause a temperature increase, supporting the embodied cognition theory as proposed by Anderson (2003). Future studies should expand our findings, to rule out that participants experiencing OBE could have a better memory at baseline or that temperature could be increased due to other reasons.
Χρήση του διαδικτύου στην αναδυόμενη ενηλικίωση: Σχέσεις με την ικανοποίηση από τη ζωή, την ανάπτυξη της ταυτότητας και τον τύπο δεσμού
Authors: Kαραμανώλη Ευαγγελία , Τάνταρος Σπυρίδων , Παυλόπουλος Βασίλης
Published: January 2021

Over the past two decades, internet use has been increased significantly worldwide. The present study aims at examining the associations between internet use in emerging adulthood and crucial developmental dimensions during this age period, namely life satisfaction, identity development, and attachment style. Previous studies have shown that there is a high risk of excessive internet use during emerging adulthood. Five hundred men and women aged 18 to 25 years participated in the study. They completed (a) The Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998), (b) The Life Satisfaction Scale (Diener et al.,, 1985), (c) The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (Luyckx et al., 2008), and (d) The Relationship Scales Questionnaire (Griffin & Bartholomew, 1994). Hours of daily use, specific online activities and socio-demographic variables were also assessed. The results of the research showed that the excessive use of the internet is significantly related to hours of daily use and to specific online activities. Men made significantly more use of the internet than women. Those who were not satisfied with their current life conditions, were engaged in exploration in breadth, ruminative exploration and avoided or felt uncomfortable with close interpersonal relationships, were more likely to resort to excessive internet use. These results have implications for future studies regarding excessive internet use in relation to young people’s quality of life.
Η σχέση της oικονομικής κρίσης με την υποκειμενική ψυχολογική ευεξία των φοιτητών στα ελληνικά ΑΕΙ
Authors: Λουμάκου Ευαγγελία-Άννα , Κανελλοπούλου Λίσσυ
Published: January 2021

In this study, we examine the relationship between the perceived effects of the economic crisis on the subjective well-being of Greek University students. The sample consisted of 203 students in five institutions of higher education across the country (mean age: 21,7 years). Participants were administered two questionnaires. The first tool explored the perceived consequences of the economic crisis. Its construction was based on thematic analysis of a focus group discussion. The discussion explored the perceptions of a group of eight students on how and to what extent they were affected by the economic crisis. The second tool was the psychological well-being questionnaire of the World Health Organization (Bradley, 2013). Demographic data regarding sex, age, and SES were also collected. Findings suggested a negative association between the perceived effects of the economic crisis and the subjective well-being of students. Furthermore, participants seemed to realize the significant impact of the economic crisis in their lives. Specifically, they reported that they had to reduce daily expenses and to adjust their studies taking into account the economic crisis. They also declared pessimism regarding future employment. Findings are discussed in light of the literature on the effects of the economic crisis on young people.
Evidence for immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from epidemiological data series
Authors: Yubero Pablo , Lavin Alvar A. , Poyatos Juan F.
Published: January 2021

The duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is uncertain. Delineating immune memory typically requires longitudinal serological studies that track antibody prevalence in the same cohort for an extended time. However, this information is needed in faster timescales. Notably, the dynamics of an epidemic where recovered patients become immune for any period should differ significantly from those of one where the recovered promptly become susceptible. Here, we exploit this difference to provide a reliable protocol that can estimate immunity early in an epidemic. We verify this protocol with synthetic data, discuss its limitations, and then apply it to evaluate human immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in mortality data series from New York City. Our results indicate that New York’s mortality figures are incompatible with immunity lasting anything below 105 or above 211 days (90% CI.), and set an example on how to assess immune memory in emerging pandemics before serological studies can be deployed.
Science, Nature and the Ethical Pursuit of Happiness: A Discussion
Authors: Baindur Meera
Published: January 2021

Most philosophical engagements with science have been focused on the methods of science, epistemological concerns, nature of scientific methods or natural laws.  New disciplines such as Science Studies and History of science have emerged from these inquiries and address any concerns on the relationship of science to society and knowledge. In this essay, the attempt is to clarify how scientific thought is not excluded from the moral domain. While a scientific fact itself cannot be subjected to moral or aesthetic judgement, since it is only, the aims and objects of scientific research can be a concern for philosophical ethics. Particularly the development of applied sciences that are focused on the exploitation of the natural world and unsustainable practices must become not only subject to moral supervision but also must be answerable to society and humanitarian interests. An analysis of the purpose of science and philosophy posits what should be the areas of science that should be subject to ethical judgements.
Hearing the Unheard: Voices of the Silent
Authors: Das Patitapaban
Published: January 2021

With regards to ecology, there has been a constant struggle between the scientific perspective and the philosophical approaches. This commentary dwells on the nature and structure of voices emerging from feminist environmentalists. Analogous to the feminist understanding that environmental degradation is a symbol of masculine domination leading to the suppression of the feminine, this paper tries to excavate the nature of a feminist perspective to environmental ethics.
Санч як Центр Західньой Лемковины
Authors: Горбаль Богдан
Published: January 2021

AbstractSącz as a Center of Western Lemko Region

At the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries, Nowy Sącz became an important center for the Lemko Region. A group of East Galician activists teamed up with several local Lemko activists to set up Rusyn Boarding School (1898). Ideological differences led the former group to create a rival Ukrainian Boarding School (1902). Ukrainians also established the Lemko Bank (1903) and were behind the erection of a Greek Catholic church in the city (1911). Competing ethnonational agendas were also reflected in the activities of Prosvita (1902) and Kachkovsky (1903) societies. The overall presence of both groups in the city was noticeable. However, after World War I only the Greek Catholic parish continued its activity but when its church was destroyed, the Lemko organized presence in the city also disappeared.
«Зимлі русинÿв на юг уд Карпат»: карпатські русины–греко-католикы ужгородської униатської традициї уд мижнародного узнання (1919) до комуністичеського прозелітизма (1950)
Authors: Фенич Володимир
Published: January 2021

AbstractRuthenians Lands South of the Carpathians: Carpathian Ruthenians – Greek Catholics of the Uzhhorod Union Tradition from International Recognition (1919) To Communist Proselytism (1950) As an ecclesiastical community, the Carpathian Ruthenians – Greek Catholics of the Uzhhorod union tradition first received international recognition on September 19, 1771, when Pope Clement XIV, under pressure from the Apostolic Queen Maria Theresa of Habsburg, canonically established an independent Mukachevo diocese of the Greek rite. As an ethnic community, at first they were recognized by the international society as “the Ruthenian lands on south of the Carpathians” at the Paris Peace Conference under the influence of USA. That was manifested in separate articles of the Treaty of Versailles signed on 28th June 1919 with Germany, of the Treaty of Saint-Germain signed on 10th September 1919 with Austria and of the Treaty of Trianon on 4 June 1920, signed with Hungary. Only a few decades will pass from this moment before the Carpathian Ruthenians – Greek Catholics – will became victims of communist proselytism of the years 1945-1950. Because of the new government’s violent ethnoreligious conversion, the Ruthenians were officially named as Ukrainians and Greek Catholics as Orthodox. This article focuses not so much on the political as on the religious factors, such as the role of the Holy Seein preserving and shaping the Carpatho-Rusyn Greek Catholics identity. During this period, this role was manifested several times: in 1924, when a separate exarchate for American Carpatho-Ruthenians in Pittsburgh was created, in 1937, when, the Papal bull declared the rights of the Ruthenian Church, and in 1940 and 1944, when, contrary to “political circumstances,” the Holy See appointed Carpatho-Ruthenians Pavel Petro Gojdych and Teodor Romzha as ordinary bishops of the Presov and Mukachevo dioceses. As a result, despite the official ban in the USSR, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Romania (“The Powers of This World”) after the communist proselytism (1945-1950), the ethno-confessional identity of the Carpathian Ruthenians – Greek-Catholics of the Uzhhorod Union tradition was preserved thanks to the Holy See (by the grace of God). As soon as the communist regime in these countries collapsed (1989-1991), this identity was revived as if it had never disappeared.
Impacto del marketing digital a las empresas colombianas emergentes
Authors: Hernandez Palma Hugo Gaspar Hernandez , Pitre Redondo Remedios Catalina , Builes Zapata Suleica Elvira
Published: January 2021

El marketing digital cobra cada vez mayor importancia en los entornos competitivos de los mercados globales; en este sentido, el comprador de hoy cuenta con características puntuales derivadas de su adopción de las nuevas tecnologías, que a su vez lo llevan a ejercer una toma de decisiones con un mayor análisis de información; de lo cual surge el interés por observar las condiciones de incorporación de las estrategias de marketing digital en las empresas colombianas y los aportes que pueden generar para su desarrollo. Por lo anterior, se llevó a cabo una revisión documental, bajo un enfoque cualitativo y descriptivo, que permitió detallar los principales aportes del marketing digital en el mundo, sus herramientas y estrategias, y las condiciones colombianas para su aplicación.  Como conclusiones destacadas se evaluaron los principales componentes del marketing digital, las condiciones de accesibilidad de las TIC en la población nacional y sus tendencias de consumo a través del comercio electrónico; además de las dificultades y barreras culturales que deben ser superadas por las pymes para su adecuado aprovechamiento; para finalmente terminar con un análisis de los aportes relacionados con la competitividad, internacionalización de mercados, innovación, sostenibilidad económica y la interacción con los clientes.
Mesotelioma en paciente colombiano con sobrevida mayor a tres años: presentación de caso
Authors: Betancourt Juanita , Hernandez Juan C. , Rodríguez Carlos Alberto , Quintana Castillo Juan Carlos , Rojas Carlos Augusto
Published: January 2021

Introducción: el mesotelioma epitelioide es un tumor que se desarrolla en las capas embrionarias mesoteliales; es de etiología desconocida, pero se relaciona con la exposición al asbesto. Tiene una presentación clínica inespecífica y un pronóstico de sobrevida corto después del diagnóstico. Presentación del caso: hombre de profesión mecánico automotor, con tos sin expectoración, disnea, hipertermia y emaciación posterior a la extracción quirúrgica de lipomas que afectaban el tórax, quien posteriormente fue diagnosticado con mesotelioma epitelioide maligno con ubicación en la pleura del hemitórax derecho y fue tratado con toracotomía, quimioterapia con los medicamentos pemetrexed y cisplatino y sesiones de radioterapia, que mostraron un aumento en la sobrevida 3 tres años. Conclusión: este caso permitió identificar que el uso de la pleurodesis química con quimioterapia como tratamiento podría ser responsable del aumento de la esperanza de vida y la calidad de esta en los pacientes que padecen este tipo de tumor.
Internet safety: Teaching children to keep themselves safe
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: January 2021

Dorothy Lepkowska discusses tips for teaching children how to use the internet safely and judge the information available to them, which comes after the announcement that millions of children will once again be taught remotely during lockdown.
Diabetes: a major risk factor in trauma and orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Negus Oliver J , Watts Daniel , Loveday David T
Published: January 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a growing epidemic and places a great burden on healthcare services in the UK. Trauma and orthopaedic surgeons find themselves dealing with patients with diabetes on an increasingly regular basis. Any level of surgical trauma can lead to a physiological stress response involving the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. The resultant hormone releases can have negative effects on glucose homeostasis. General risks of operating on patients with diabetes include endothelial dysfunction, postoperative sepsis, impaired wound healing and cerebral ischaemia. Polytrauma patients with diabetes have a significantly greater risk of mortality than patients who do not have diabetes. Non-union of fractures is more common in patients with diabetes, as are deep-seated postoperative infections. National guidelines from the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care advise how to manage patients with diabetes in the perioperative period. Trauma and orthopaedic surgeons must be aware of these increased risks of operating and ensure that patients are involved in surgical decision making.
Surviving the Australian Black Summer bushfires: a veterinary perspective
Authors: Pryor Liz , Woolacott Jane
Published: January 2021

The Australian summer of 2019–2020 has become known as ‘the Black Summer’. The fires burned an estimated 186 000 km2; destroyed over 5900 buildings and killed at least 34 people. Nearly 80% of Australians were affected either directly or indirectly by the Black Summer bushfires. One of the lessons from this disaster is that everyone at risk has a responsibility to manage their own response to an emergency, there are simply not enough resources to be able to defend every house and every community. Prior preparation enables a community level response to an emergency that can improve outcomes in a disaster situation.

This article provides an insight into the Black Summer fires from two different veterinary viewpoints, a practice partner whose hospitals came under direct fire threat, and a veterinarian volunteer firefighter who fought these fires on the frontline. The lessons learned from these unprecedented fires are applicable to all veterinarians. In a world where natural disasters are becoming the new norm, preparedness is the key to successfully managing these challenges.
Modern man, modern fatherhood: changes to paternal leave
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: January 2021

Employers that openly value men's paternity rights stand to reap the rewards that follow from greater loyalty and happiness in the workplace. Adam Bernstein explains.
Microbiological analysis of water and thickeners used for people with dysphagia
Authors: Boaden Elizabeth , Thomas Lois , Higham Susan , Watkins Caroline
Published: January 2021

Background:

Thickened fluids are a recognised intervention strategy in use for people with dysphagia. However, their bacterial profile has not previously been examined.

Aims:

To identify bacteria and changes in bacterial profiles in a range of water sources and thickener preparations over a 5-day period.

Methods:

Nine experiments were performed using a range of preparations of water (sterile, drinking, non-drinking tap water) and a thickening agent (sterile sachet and a used tin).

Findings:

No bacteria were grown on serial subcultures of sterile water, both with and without thickener. Drinking, tap and thickened water left at room temperature for 24 hours may become contaminated with environmental organisms.

Conclusions:

The growth of bacteria in preparations of thickening agent appears to be dependent upon water quality, while the proliferation of bacteria is dependent upon the length of time the preparation is allowed to stand at room temperature.
Effect of anthropogenic modifications on homogenization of ant community composition along elevational gradients in Cameroon

Authors: MASSE PAUL SERGE MBENOUN , MONY RUTH , TITTI GIOVANNI EBANGUE , EBOLO GILLES LOIC MENDOUA
Published: January 2021

Anthropogenic modifications are recognized as one of the main factor threatening native fauna diversity and may lead to biotic homogenization. This ecological process has been described for some groups of organisms, but little is known in ants. In this study, we investigated the relationship between diversity, similarity and level of disturbance among ant communities in two mountain types (disturbed and less disturbed) from November 2017 to April 2019. Ants were sampled in four elevational levels (800 m, 900 m, 1000 m and 1,100m) using pitfall trapping and hand collection. Overall, 138 species corresponding to 2,445 occurrences were found in the two habitat types. In disturbed sites, ant species richness and occurrence were more than seven-fold higher in disturbed sites (131 species and 2,354 occurrences) than in less disturbed sites (19 and 91, respectively). Myrmicinae and Ponerinae were the most common subfamilies in disturbed and less disturbed sites respectively. The generalist ant Anoplolepis tenella was the most frequent ant species in disturbed sites whereas the specialist predator Paltothyreus tarsatus was the most common in less disturbed sites. Consistent with previous studies, this study demonstrates an increase in species richness and occurrence of generalist species with an increase in human disturbance. Likewise, our findings indicate that human disturbance is driving declines of dissimilarity among ant community thereby affecting the biological differences in ant communities. This study has implications for the management of montane forests and restriction of anthropogenic activities in these vulnerable tropical ecosystems.
Performance of optical space shift keying under jamming
Authors: Chauhan Isha , Paul Pratiti , Bhatnagar Manav R. , Nebhen Jamel
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the effect of jamming in a free-space optical (FSO)
communication system that employs optical space shift keying (OSSK) is
studied. The optical link suffers from saturated atmospheric
turbulence (AT). Hence, the channel fading coefficients follow
negative exponential probability density function (PDF). Along with
additive Gaussian noise, the jammer, under consideration, is an
additional source of noise, and jamming signals also suffer from
saturated AT. Thus, the jamming channel also follows the negative
exponential PDF. A multiple-input single-output (MISO) FSO system is
used to mitigate the effects of jammer and channel fading. Explicitly,
we employ a

2
×
1

MISO-OSSK system for analysis and
derive a closed-form expression of bit error rate (BER) of the
considered system. Moreover, the jammer’s effect is also studied
numerically under the gamma-gamma (GG) fading channel.
Influence of pulse characteristics on ghost imaging lidar
system
Authors: Lin Hui-Zu , Liu Wei-Tao , Sun Shuai , Du Long-Kun
Published: January 2021

A pulsed pseudo-thermal light source obtained using a rotating ground
glass disk, spatial light modulator, or digital micromirror device is
widely used in a ghost imaging (GI) lidar system. The property of the
pulsed pseudothermal light field determines the reconstruction quality of
the image in the GI lidar system, which depends on the pulse
extinction ratio (PER) and pulse duty ratio. In this paper,
pseudo-thermal light fields obtained at different pulse
characteristics are given, taking into account the influence of the
exposure time of the charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The
statistical distribution, contrast, and normalized intensity
correlated function of the pseudo-thermal light field at different
pulse characteristics are analyzed quantitatively for what we believe
is the first time. Then, the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the
reconstructed image using a GI algorithm and a differential ghost
imaging (DGI) algorithm is numerically simulated. The simulation
results demonstrate that the PSNR decreases as the PER decreases,
which is affected by the pulse duty ratio and the CCD exposure time.
The deterioration of the reconstruction quality can be reduced by
using a DGI algorithm or by shorting the exposure time of the CCD in
the GI lidar system.
Slow-light analysis based on tunable plasmon-induced transparency in patterned black phosphorus metamaterial
Authors: Wu Kuan , Li Hongjian , Liu Chao , Xiong Cuixiu , Ruan Banxian , Li Min , Gao Enduo , Zhang Baihui
Published: January 2021

In this paper, a tunable plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) structure based on a monolayer black phosphorus metamaterial is designed. In the structure, destructive interference between the bright and dark modes produces a significant PIT in the midinfrared band. Numerical simulation and theoretical calculation methods are utilized to analyze the tunable PIT effect of black phosphorus (BP). Finite-difference-time-domain simulations are consistent with theoretical calculations by coupled mode theory in the terahertz frequency band. We explored the anisotropy of a BP-based metasurface structure. By varying the geometrical parameters and carrier concentration of the monolayer BP, the interaction between the bright and dark modes in the structure can be effectively adjusted, and the active adjustment of the PIT effect is achieved. Further, the structure’s group index can be as high as 139, which provides excellent slow-light performance. This study offers a new possibility for the practical applications of BP in micro-nano slow-light devices.
Tailoring multi-singularity structure induced by a focused radially polarized beam
Authors: Chen Yun , Wang Jinwen , Peng Zhou , Wang Min , Wang Han , Wei Dong , Gao Hong , Li Fuli
Published: January 2021

A structured optical field with controllable three-dimensional intensity and multiple polarization singularities is demonstrated by utilizing a combination of a radially polarized (RP) beam, a designed phase mask, and a high numerical aperture lens. Owing to the tight focusing property of RP beams as well as the interference of multiple linearly polarized non-coplanar plane waves, various lattice-like optical structures can emerge at the focal plane with multiple structured singularities in the transverse plane and optical needle array along with propagation. Compared with recently proposed phase and polarization engineering methods with spatial light modulators, the method presented here is convenient and flexible, and can easily realize the generation of V-point and C-point lattices. More importantly, a structured longitudinal field, namely, an optical needle array, with steerable positive and reverse energy flows may be extensively applied in multi-particle acceleration and trapping, optical microscopes, and second-harmonic generation.
Simultaneous transmission of clock and data signals in photonic-assisted WDM passive optical networks
Authors: Karembera Reinhard , Nfanyana Ketshabile , Gibbon Tim
Published: January 2021

This work reports on the use of a gain-switched vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) optical frequency comb (OFC) to generate multiple optical carriers for applications in future wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) passive optical network (PON) systems. The VCSEL-based OFC system was tested for its ability to simultaneously transmit error-free data signals up to 30 Gbps, and a 50 MHz clock signal proposed to be used for latency monitoring of the network. The system was demonstrated over a fiber distance beyond 20 km. Four optical carrier signals were filtered from the generated OFC. Three of the four optical carriers were combined and amplitude-modulated with 5 and 10 Gbps on–off keying (OOK) data signals. The fourth optical carrier was amplitude-modulated with a 50 MHz clock signal. These four modulated optical carriers were multiplexed and transmitted over 21 km of standard single-mode fiber. When the three data-carrying optical carriers were modulated with 5 Gbps OOK data and multiplexed with the clock-carrying carrier, a negligible transmission penalty was achieved after fiber transmission. When these three data-carrying optical carriers were modulated with 10 Gbps OOK data and multiplexed with a clock-carrying carrier, a maximum transmission penalty of 4.8 dB was achieved after fiber transmission. The system was investigated at a minim bit error rate (BER) of

10

−
9

. A receiver sensitivity of less than

−

11

d
B
m

was achieved at both bit rates. The clock signal suffered little effect when transmitted with the three optical carriers at both 5 and 10 Gbps data rate. A power penalty of 15.37 dB, mainly due to fiber attenuation, was experienced in the clock after fiber transmission. Due to the unavailability of the numerical system to quantify the clock performance in terms of phase noise, the phase-noise results could not be provided. Nevertheless, the provided qualitative results were able to show that the transmitted clock integrity was able to be retained after being multiplexed with transmission on the 21 km fiber channel. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we have simultaneously reported on data and clock transmission results using a low-power, VCSEL-based OFC to realize a WDM-PON system. These results are attractive as they demonstrate and motivate the possibility of using gain-switched VCSELs as OFC sources in future WDM-PON networks requiring enhanced channel capacity and stringent network latency monitoring to realize intelligent, simple, and power-efficient PON networks.