bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comentario a "Qué es aplicar derecho" de Luis Duarte D'Almeida
Authors: Zuleta Hugo Ricardo
Published: February 2022

Presento una revisión crítica del artículo de Luís Duarte D’Almeida “¿Qué es aplicar derecho?”. Comienzo reseñando los principales argumentos del autor contra el llamado “silogismo jurídico” que desarrolló en un artículo anterior, titulado “On the Legal Syllogism”, en cuyo marco se inscribe el trabajo comentado. Cuestiono sus objeciones fundadas en que la teoría del silogismo jurídico no resiste la confrontación con la práctica judicial y en que la argumentación judicial debería reconstruirse mediante enunciados de segundo orden. Considero acertada la distinción entre un aspecto inferencial y un aspecto pragmático en la decisión judicial, pero sostengo que la explicación de la llamada “aplicación inferencial” no es inteligible y que no se presentan criterios para distinguir entre una decisión que aplica el derecho y una que no lo aplica.
Aquiles, la Tortuga y la aplicación de normas jurídicas como un “asunto particularista” sin particularismo
Authors: Scataglini Gabriela
Published: February 2022

Me concentro en dos aspectos del artículo de Duarte d’Almei- da “¿Qué es aplicar el derecho?” que identifico como: 1) que el silogismo jurídico es una mala reconstrucción del razonamiento que conduce a —y a la vez justifica— una sentencia judicial; y 2) que la inferencia que lleva a una decisión judicial es de carácter particularista, no habiendo ningún principio universal con el cual los jueces se comprometan al aplicar una norma a un caso. Respecto de 1) trazo cierta analogía con el diálogo de Lewis Carroll “Lo que la Tortuga le dijo a Aquiles” y recurro a la concepción de Gilbert Ryle acerca de la inferencia como un saber cómo. Basada en las consideraciones ryleanas expongo el alcance de mi coincidencia con 2), y por último planteo una discrepancia acerca de qué considerar incluido en lo que el autor llama “aplicación pragmática” del derecho.
¿Qué es aplicar derecho?
Authors: Duarte d'Almeida Luís
Published: February 2022

Este artículo ofrece una teoría de la aplicación del derecho, y un modelo de justificación de las decisiones judiciales que aplican derecho. Considera tres conjuntos de preguntas. Uno refiere al objeto directo de la aplicación del derecho: cuando un tribunal aplica el derecho, ¿qué es aquello que está aplicando exactamente? Un segundo conjunto de preguntas refiere al objeto indirecto de la aplicación del derecho: los tribunales no solo aplican derecho, sino que lo aplican a algo. ¿A qué, exactamente? ¿A casos? ¿A hechos? ¿A los “hechos del caso concreto” que tienen ante sí, como suele decirse? En tercer lugar, se trata de preguntas sobre el contenido de la aplicación del derecho. ¿Es “aplicación del derecho” el nombre de un tipo específico de acto? Si es así, ¿cuáles son sus rasgos distintivos? El artículo sostiene que hay en realidad dos tipos de aplicación del derecho: la aplicación inferencial y la aplicación pragmática del derecho. La primera se analiza en la sección 2, la segunda en la sección 3, y la relación entre ambas en la sección 4. En la sección 5 se examina la noción de “caso” y en la sección 6 se retoman los tres conjuntos de preguntas pertinentes.
BRAF V600E mutation and correlation with clinicopathologic features in radioactive iodine refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Hanh Ngo Thi Minh , Ha Le Ngoc , Truong Hoang Quoc , Anh Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Son Le Minh
Published: February 2022

Objective: To define the rate of BRAF V600E mutation in radioactive iodine (RAI) refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The correlation BRAF V600E mutation with some clinicopathologic features in RAI refractory PTC. Subject and method: 92 patients with RAI refractory PTC were operated recurrent lesions at 108 Military Central Hospital from 9/2009 to 3/2018. Recurrent lesions were evaluated histopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical staining with BRAF V600E (Ventana, Roche), BRAF V600E gene test by real-time PCR. Evaluating the status of mutated BRAF V600E and correlate with some clinicopathologic features. Result: Average age: 47.1 ± 15.6 (12 - 81); the rate of BRAF V600E mutation accounted for 80.4%; the average age of unmutated BRAF V600E RAI refractory PTC group (40.2 ± 17.2) was lower than the group of BRAF V600E mutation (48.5 ± 14.9) (p=0.042); BRAF V600E mutation in early-stage disease (I - II) had a higher rate than ones in advanced disease (II-IV); similarly, this gene mutation occurred more frequent in the group received more than 600mCi cumulative dose of RAI compared with the group received less than 600mCi cumulative dose. There was no correlation of BRAF V600E mutation with age, tumor size, lymph node, distant metastasis. BRAF V600E mutation in tall cell variant of PTC was seen more frequently than other variants and it was also seen in cases of extracapsular lymph node invasion. There was no relationship between the existence of mutated BRAF V600E with vessel invasion and calcification. Conclusion: The rate of BRAF V600E mutation in RAI refractory PTC is high, accounting for 80.4%. It correlates with some clinicopathologic characteristics such as disease stage, cumulative dose of radioactive iodine, tall cell variant of PTC; no correlation of BRAF V600E mutation with age, tumor size, lymph node and distant metastasis, extracapsular lymph node invasion
Concordance between fine needle aspiration cytology and post operative histopathology in thyroid nodules
Authors: De Nguyen Van
Published: February 2022

Objective: To analyze the concordance between fine needle aspiration cytopathology (FNAC) and post-operative histopathological (POH) reports including characteristics of local invasions and cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) in thyroid carcinoma at the 108 Military Central Hospital. Subject and method: Retrospective study was designed to analyze 1384 thyroid nodules from 1322 patients who underwent surgery comparing preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology with post-operative histology results at the 108 Military Central Hospital from January 2020 to December 2020, these patients met eligible criteria to have simultaneously FNAC and POH reports. Result: There were (1259/1384) 90.97% cases of thyroid carcinoma in all thyroid nodules with ratio of male/female was 1/4.7, ages from 11 to 85 years old, the peak of malignancy at the group over fifth decade of life and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) generally accounted for (1243/1259) 98.73% of all thyroid carcinomas. There were 6 categories of Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BTS) including categories I, II, III, IV, V and VI; thyroid carcinomas in each category as following 89.09%, 45.10%, 76.09%, 71.05%, 98.93% and 100.00%, respectively. Local and vascular invasions also occurred at the rate of 12.44% in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and 41.85% in PTC. LNM reached to 7.39% in PTMC, 25.23% in PTC. Conclusion: Most patients with thyroid nodules had FNAC and operated at The 108 Military Central Hospital (from January 2020 to December 2020) were thyroid carcinoma (90.97%) in which PTC accounted for 98.73%, the rate of PTC is very high in any BTS categories, and most of them come from BTS categories V plus VI (72.25%). Surprisingly, PTC occurs in BTS category I unusually reached to 89.09%. Local invasion was generally over 50% (682/1259) and LNM was nearly 30% (319/1259) in the all malignant nodules.
Comparison of double plasma sampling method and gates method for estimation of glomerular filtration rateComparison of double plasma sampling method and gates method for estimation of glomerular filtration rateComparison of double plasma sampling method a
Authors: Dung Nguyen Thi Kim , Ngoc Han Tuan , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Thang Nguyen Quoc , Tung Pham Dang
Published: February 2022

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an important indicator of renal function. Several methods have been applied to calculate GFR in clinical exams. In this study, we evaluated and compared between radionuclide plasma sampling methods (double blood samples, in vitro methods) and in vivo Gate’s method using 99mTc-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) renography. Subejct and method: 42 patients were participated in this study, including 12 patients with obstructive uropathy (group 1) and 30 renal donors (group 2). The administered doses were in a range of 5 – 7mCi. Then, scintigraphy was performed simultaneously after injection, and GFR was calculated by Gate’s method. Blood samples were collected at 60 mins and 120 mins post-injection, which were counted by a thyroid uptake system, and GFR results were determined using a double plasma sample (DPSM) method. Result: The mean GFRs calculated by renography in groups 1 and 2 were 85.8 ± 16.2 (ml/min) and 118.9 ± 13.9 (ml/min), respectively. Meanwhile, using the in vitro DPSM, the mean GFRs in group 1 and 2 were 73.8 ± 15.4 (ml/min) and 117.0 ± 13.0 (ml/min) respectively. They showed a high correlation between the two methods in the two groups (r = 0.86 and 0.71, respectively). Conclusion: Renography is a simple technique but considered inaccurate for determination of GFR. However, in vitro DPSM is rarely used in Vietnam. In this study, Gate’s method corresponded well with plasma sampling method and tended to overestimate the glomerular filtration rate.
Comparison of serum indices results on some biochemical analysers
Authors: Tan Pham Viet , Thao Dinh Thi , Thach Nguyen Cam , Ha Hoang Thu , Mai Tran Thi Chi
Published: February 2022

Objective: To identify hemolysis, icterus, lipemia (HIL) indices measurement on four clinical chemistry analyzers: Abbott Architect C8000 (AA), Roche Cobas C501 (RC), Beckman Coulter AU5800 (BC), Siemens Advia 1800 (SA). Subject and method: Plasma of patients were examined at 108 Military Central Hospital (108 MCH) from 12/2020 to 04/2021, comprising of 240ml normal plasma sample, 30ml artificial hemolyzed plasma for H index, 30ml icteric plasma with 360μmol/L total bilirubin, 30ml plasma with 1g/L of Intralipid 20% for lipemia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare results of HIL indices on 4 analyzers Abbott Architect C8000 (AA), Roche Cobas c501 (RC), Beckman Coulter AU5800 (BC), Siemens Advia 1800 (SA). Result: The agreement of H index among 4 instruments was good, and values of I index on the AA, SA, RC were absolutely suitable (kappa 0.75 - 1.0). Nevertheless, the comparability between results of I index on the BC and 3 others platforms was mediate (kappa 0.53 - 0.55) while I index on the RC, SA, AA was extremely suitable (kappa 1.0). Even though, the agreement of L index between BC and SA was not acceptable (kappa < 0.2), it was comparable on the remaining analyzers (kappa 0.55 - 0.933). Conclusion: There was comparability of HIL indices among 4 analyzers except L index between the BC and SA. Specifically, the results of all HIL indices on the SA, RC, AA analyzers were high agreement.
Kualitas Pelayanan Berpengaruh Positif terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan CafÃ© di Kabupaten Garut
Authors: Marlina Siska , Wufron Wufron
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan cafe di kabupaten Garut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan metode verifikatif. jumlah sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 97 responden menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling, yaitu memberi peluang atau kesempatan yang sama bagi setiap anggota populasi dalam penelitian. analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier sederhana untuk menguji pengaruh langsung kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Cafe di Kabupaten Garut.
Pengaruh Brand Image dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Jasa J&T Express
Authors: Adiatma Dani
Published: February 2022

Dalam menghadapi persaingan bisnis jasa pengiriman barang yang semakin ketat mendorong setiap perusahaan jasa untuk mempersiapakan diri sebaik mungkin untuk mempertahankan eksistensinya dalam menghadapi persaingan antar perusahaan sejenis lainnya untuk menarik dan mendapatkan keputusan pembeli agar mampu berhasil dalam menjalankan usaha. Terutama penerapan strategi pemasaran yang tepat yang mampu bersaing dengan perusahaan jasa lain. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh brand image dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap terhadap keputusan pembelian jasa J&T Express Garut. Teknik Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi linear berganda melalui bantuan software SPSS versi 16. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 50 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa brand image dan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian jasa berpengaruh positif dan simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian jasa J&T Express. Brand image berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian jasa. Kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian jasa.
Türkiye’de Subjektif Yoksulluğu Belirleyen Faktörlerin Genelleştirilmiş Sıralı Logit Modelle Analizi
Authors: ÖKSÜZ NARİNÇ Nihan
Published: February 2022

Yoksulluk, genel olarak kimin yoksul olarak kabul edildiği incelenerek tanımlanabilir. Öte yandan bireylerin ya da hanelerin eşitsizlikler dünyasında kendi konumlarına ilişkin inançları olarak da tanımlanabilir. Genel olarak yoksulluk oranları hesaplanırken en yaygın kullanılan ölçü gelir düzeyi olmaktadır. Bunun dışında çocuk sayısı, yaş, eğitim durumu, işgücü piyasasındaki durumları da de nesnel yoksulluğu tanımlamada temel olarak kullanılabilir. Literatürde yaygın olarak objektif yoksulluk; mutlak ve göreli yoksulluk konuları incelenirken, subjektif yoksulluk kavramı da artık üzerinde durulan önemli bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada belirleyici faktörler subjektif yoksulluğu incelenmiştir. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumunun (TÜİK) Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırmasından (GYKA) derlenen verilerle Genelleştirilmiş Sıralı Logit modeli kullanılarak ampirik bir analiz yapılmıştır. Subjektif yoksulluk algısı bakımından çalışmada kullanılan bağımlı değişken hanehalklarının “mevcut hanehalkı ile geçinebilme” durumlarıdır. Altı sıralı kategoriden oluşan bağımlı değişkene karşılık; yaş*, cinsiyet*, eğitim*, medeni durum, konut mülkiyeti*, toplam çalışma süresi*, yıllık fert geliri*, yıllık hanehalkı geliri*, hanehalkı fert sayısı gibi demografik değişkenlerdir. Bu değişkenlerden bazıları istatistiksel olarak önemli (p
Er det forskningsmessig støtte for at oppmerksomt nærvær hjelper ved rusproblemer?
Authors: Dundas Ingrid , Ravnanger Kari , Vøllestad Jon , Binder Per Einar
Published: February 2022

Can mindfulness be of help in coping with substance abuse?

We searched the literature with three questions in mind: Is substance abuse reduced after mindfulness-based interventions, and are they well received and safe? Selecting published studies of change in substance abuse (not including tobacco) we found 15 studies; eight of these were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Thirteen studies reported that mindfulness-based interventions were helpful in reducing substance use. Two studies raised the question of tolerability of the intervention, and reported no adverse effects. Stringent standards for design and sample size were seldom met. We conclude that mindfulness-based interventions for substance-abuse are feasible and promising. Among the unresolved questions are the long-term durability of effects, which program components are responsible for the observed effects and how mindfulness is best integrated with other approaches.

Keywords: mindfulness, review, substance-dependence
ICP-EOS METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR CR(VI) DETERMINATION IN PLANTS
Authors: TENEA ANDA-GABRIELA , MURESEANU MIHAELA , VASILE GABRIELA GEANINA , DINU CRISTINA
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was the development and validation of a new inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-EOS) method for determination of Cr(VI) from vegetable samples. The new method was completely validated through verification of performance parameters (linearity, inter-day and intra-day precision, limit of detection - LOD and limit of quantification - LOQ). The vegetable samples, mint and basil, were contaminated with a known amount of K2Cr2O7. Cr(VI) was extracted from the vegetable samples by ultrasound assisted extraction technique, using 0.1 M Na2CO3 as extraction medium. The ICP-EOS method proved to be very sensitive, allowing to determine up to 3.0 µg/g Cr(VI) in vegetable matrices, value which was established as the method LOQ.
DETERMINATION OF Α-MANNOSIDASE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Ionescu Cătălina , Ciobanu Georgeta , Ispas Ioana-Cristina , Moanță Anca , Drăgoi Mădălina , Rizea Simona-Cristina
Published: February 2022

"α-mannosidase is a hydrolytic enzyme that cleaves α-glycosidic bonds of mannopyranoside derivatives. In this study, the enzyme activity and the specific activity of α-mannosidase have been determined using the p-nitrophenyl-alpha-Dmannopyranoside hydrolysis assay."
Application of the Rotor Field-Oriented Control for an Induction Motor Used in Electric Traction
Authors:   University of Craiova, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Craiova, Romania, Popescu Mihaela , Bitoleanu Alexandru ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Craiova, Romania, Suru Vlad ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Craiova, Romania
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the rotor field-oriented control is applied for a three-phase induction motor used in electric traction of an autonomous locomotive powered by a battery. First, the operating equations in the rotor field-oriented system are introduced. Then, the control scheme based on the structural scheme and operational equations are pre-sented. After referring to the design of the controllers, the performances of the control system during the start-up pro-cess by prescribing a ramp speed and step rotor flux are addressed and analyzed. Four values of the prescribed speed are taken into consideration. Through the presented results, the synthesis of the control system and control algorithm are validated.
"Impact of Experimental Measurements Accuracy on Validation Process of Crimped Connections"
Authors:   University of Craiova, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Craiova, Romania, Dolan Alin-Iulian , Ocoleanu Constantin-Florin ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Craiova, Romania
Published: February 2022

"In the process of validation of crimped connections, the determination of the connector resistance factor and of the initial scatter coefficient has a decisive role. In this paper is studied the impact of the experimental measurements accuracy on the calculation of initial scatter, cumulating data from various types of crimped connections. This coefficient provides information on the behavior of the crimped connection immediately after installation before any aging effect begins. The standards establish that 6 samples are sufficient to be tested to estimate the identification of a “family” of connectors. The measurements were performed on crimped connections of barrel of terminal lug type for three cross sections of cables and on crimped connections of bimetallic through connector type for two pairs of cross sections. The initial scatter is influenced by 6 representative measured quantities as voltage drops, currents and conductor lengths. First, it was imposed a variation by one unit of hundredths digit of initial scatter and was recorded the variation of each quantity, the others 5 quantities being kept constant. Then simultaneous variations of the 6 quantities caused by device reading errors were imposed, determining the quantities with the greatest influence on initial scatter. Useful recommendations for experimenter are made. "
"Real-Time Sensorless Control of the PMSM based on Genetic Algorithm, Sliding Mode Observer, and SCADA Integration"
Authors:   National Institute for Research, Development and Testing in Electrical Engineering - ICMET/Research Department, Craiova, Romania, Nicola Claudiu-Ionel , Nicola Marcel ,   "National Institute for Research, Development and Testing in Electrical Engineering - ICMET/Research Department, Craiova, Romania", Niţu Maria-Cristina ,   National Institute for Research, Development and Testing in Electrical Engineering - ICMET/Research Department, Craiova, Romania, Sacerdoţianu Dumitru ,   "National Institute for Research, Development and Testing in Electrical Engineering - ICMET/Research Department, Craiova, Romania", Aciu Ancuţa-Mihaela ,   National Institute for Research, Development and Testing in Electrical Engineering - ICMET/Research Department, Craiova, Romania
Published: February 2022

"This paper presents an application for real-time implementation of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) sensorless control system and its integration into Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA). Starting from the operating equations of the PMSM and by implementing the global Field Oriented Control (FOC) control strategy, in which the saturation of the integral component of the PI controller is prevented by using an antiwindup technique, the numerical simulations performed in Matlab/Simulink lead to good performance, which recommends the real-time implementation. For the optimal tuning of the PI speed controller of the PMSM the genetic algorithm (GA) is used. Numerical simulations are performed in order to choose the type of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) used for the real-time implementation, considering that a global criterion of successful implementation is the performance/cost ratio. Besides, the integration into SCADA provides flexibility of the control system but also the possibility of online/offline processing from the point of view of other specific requirements. Among them we mention the energy quality analysis, whose first exponent calculated also in realtime is Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Real-time implementations are performed in Matlab/Simulink and LabVIEW programming environments. According to the trend of the last years, the use of an Internet of Things (IoT) platform for viewing the variables of the control process on the Internet plays an important role. "
Comparative Analysis of Two Methods of Calculating the Prescribed Current in a Shunt Active Filtering System
Authors:   University of Craiova, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Craiova, Romania, Constantinescu Mihăiţă Daniel , Popescu Mihaela ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Craiova, Romania, Suru Constantin Vlad ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Craiova, Romania
Published: February 2022

- In this paper, the performance of a three-phase shunt active power filter (APF) using the instantaneous power theory (p-q theory) has been compared with that corresponding to the use of the synchronous reference frame (SRF) based method. It is clear that, under balanced and sinusoidal voltage conditions, these two methods gives similar results. The entire system has been modeled using MATLAB-SIMULINK software. The simulation results demonstrate the applicability of both methods for the APF control.
Ways to Determine the Structural Resource of Highly Maneuverable Aircraft
Authors:   Research, Innovation and Flight Test Center Military Equipment and Technologies Research Agency Craiova, Romania, Niculescu Nicolae-Alin , Corcău Jenica-Ileana ,   University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania / Department of Electrical, Energetic and Aerospace Engineering, Stancu Nicuşor Cătălin ,   Research, Innovation and Flight Test Center Military Equipment and Technologies Research Agency Craiova, Romania
Published: February 2022

This paper emphasizes the importance of monitoring aircraft structural fatigue and proposes as paramount the analysis of military aircraft structural constitutive materials aging process, during flight. Aircraft structural health monitoring is defined as an evaluation process for the integrity of key structural components with the sole purpose of enhancing flight safety and mitigating maintenance risks and loses. Nowadays, aircraft are predominantly built from composite materials with at least two layers with different mechanical properties, which combined, result in a new composite material with highly superior resilience and elastic properties. Even though there are great advantages of using composite materials, when it comes to operating military aircraft, a mere visual inspection cannot be sufficient for observing or identifying structural damages within the composite layers of the aircraft. The focus of this study is on improving the process of monitoring the structural condition of highly maneuverable military jet aircraft by using the strain gauge marks methods. Monitoring aircraft structural condition can be easily implemented, both during maintenance and flight missions, by using a wide array of sensors that can generate specific sets of instructions for all processes involved in enhancing flight and maintenance safety. The main concern of implementing a structural evaluation, within aircraft maintenance processes, sits on preventing and not ameliorating incidents and accidents during flight. As a result of the continuous research and testing, it has been proved that the operational resource of the aircraft structure, provided by the manufacturer, can be easily reached in a lot lesser flight hours than initially anticipated, by engaging the aircraft in specific operational missions and, therefore, inflicting pronounced fatigue on the aircraft structure.
Life of Plants in Space: A Challenging Mission For Tiny Greens In An Everlasting Darkness
Authors: KOÇKAYA Ecem Su , UN Cemal
Published: February 2022

With the increased number of space-related studies, it has become a significant study field in both dependable and long-term biology-based life support systems for long-term space flights. Plants have been the major focus of this research. The capability of cultivate plants in space can help to provide astronauts with essential nutrients as well as improve their psychological health. Simulating the space environment, detailed gene analysis, and detailed growth analyzes reveal the effects of the space environment on plants. From the first photosynthetic organisms in the sea to today's terrestrial higher plants, they have survived millions of years on the Earth with the power of adaptations and evolution. Therefore, compared to the Earth, in the space environment, plants will react differently to decreased gravity, increased radiation rate, lost light source, and they will have altered stress gene regulation. In this review, which is about the adaptation of plants to the space environment, how plants react when they encounter stressful conditions that cause changes in their structures in the space environment and the results are discussed with various experiments. As a result, with using different plant species, it looks like even though these tiny greens faced with the hard condition in space environment they have shown a resistance mechanism to all these tough environments.
Estrategias terapéuticas contra el cáncer en animales de compañía
Authors: Ruiz-Castillo Danlla de Jesús , Arroyo-León Erika , Cervantes-Arias Alejandro
Published: February 2022

Cancer is one of the main causes of death

in dogs and cats. What was once considered a death

sentence is now a disease that can be treated and

in most cases, it is possible to extend survival times

with good quality of life.

Antineoplastic treatment is usually a combination

of multiple therapeutic modalities, in which surgery

plays an important role for diagnosis and local

control of the disease. Chemotherapy, and most

recently immunotherapy, help in the systemic control

of the remaining disease. Other modalities such as

electrochemotherapy, radiotherapy and cryosurgery

can also help in the management of cancer patients.

In Mexico, oncology is still a novel medical

specialty, but one in constant development.
La inflamación y su relación con el cáncer
Authors: Pinto-Cárdenas Juan Carlos , Romero-Romero Laura Patricia , Martínez-Racine Isaac
Published: February 2022

Inflammation and cancer have been two of

the most studied topics in Biomedical Sciences during the

last decades. Scientific and technological advances

in the fields of genomics and proteomics have made

it is possible to establish with precision a great variety

of immunological, cellular and genetic mechanisms

that allow inflammation to be directly associated with

cancer. Of the many studies derived from this topic,

the one written by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2000

stands out, since it describes the biology of cancer

in six proper characteristics or hallmarks of tumor

development, which are nothing more than a series of

responses and biological interactions of tumor cells in

their initiation, development and progression phases,

which are favored by elements directly or indirectly

associated with inflammation. A decade later, the

same authors have added more hallmarks to tumor

biology and have dug into the role of the inflammatory

response as a constant element that allows tumor

development and invasion, since the inflammatory

response is modulated and organized to promote key

elements for tumor survival. The importance of the

inflammatory infiltrate is key to understanding the

development of neoplasms. This review will describe

the main inflammatory cellular elements associated

and modified by cancer cells to evade their elimination

by the host, and some mechanisms to facilitate their

progression.
Virus y cáncer en animales
Authors: Pérez-Enríquez Juan Miguel , Romero-Romero Laura Patricia
Published: February 2022

The search for tumor-associated viruses

began as an interest in identifying the etiology of

cancer and applying the prophylactic principles that

have been used for a long time in infectious diseases,

in order to prevent the development of cancer; although

this search for viruses began with the aim of preventing

neoplasms in humans, the problem is no less complex in

animals. In the last forty years, the number of infections

associated with the development of different types of

cancer in humans has increased, and it is estimated that

about 20% of the incidence of global cancer originates

as a consequence of previous infections. In veterinary

medicine there are various oncogenic viruses, with

both DNA and RNA viruses being found. DNA viruses

generally differ from oncogenic retroviruses in that they

contain authentic viral genes that encode oncoproteins

capable of transforming infected cells; while most

retroviruses insert their genome into cellular DNA and

their regulatory elements affect the expression of genes

in the host cell close to this insertion, which is known

as insertional mutagenesis. Understanding the role that

viruses play in the development of certain neoplasms is

highly relevant and its study has allowed us to know the

mechanisms of oncogenesis in different neoplasms of

both animals and humans. From a veterinary point of view,

these infections have important repercussions on animal

breeding systems, leaving great economic losses, as well

as affecting dearly esteemed companion animals.
Contemporary Issues in Education Volume 2
Authors: Lynch David , Knight Bruce
Published: February 2022

Examines issues that inform the changing nature of teacher work, including: teacher capabilities for the information age ; the changing nature of school curriculms ; the global education environment ; the neurosciences and the diverse range of student needs in today's classrooms.
Educational and film discourse of COVID-19 pandemic period
Authors: Shcherbak Olena , Truba Hanna , Filippova Nina , Romanets Valentyna , Bordeniuk Serhii
Published: February 2022

The study aimed to examine the educational and cinematic discourse in the context of the worldwide pandemic. Methodology reflected two sets of participants with given quantitative primary research and qualitative secondary research. Research expressed surveys results to acquire a clear understanding of the impact of the pandemic on the education and film industries. The surveys clearly showed that the pandemic did have an impact on the researched industries. Around 56% of participants feel that the pandemic's long-term impact was significant, just 2% said that the impact was not obvious, and 4% were unsure of this particular circumstance. 24% of the participants feel that online education cannot adequately satisfy the needs of pupils, while 20% are uncertain. Around 40% of the participants supported the offline style of education, whereas 6% felt that the offline mode of education is becoming obsolete by the day and that one must develop to keep up. A detailed survey has also occurred based on the effect of COVID-19 on the film industry. According to this survey, it has been revealed that a huge negative condition has been generated in the film industry as well as in film discourse.
Tras los Trazos Históricos del Bicentenario Nicaragüense
Authors: Cruz Olivas Uwe Paul
Published: February 2022

En conmemoración del bicentenario de Centroamérica, nace este articulo con el objetivo fundamental, de analizar los contenidos políticos y filosóficos que nos han trasmitido durante estos 200 años de independencia del imperio hispánico. Para ello, nos remontaremos a la antigua Capitanía General de la Asunción de Guatemala, virreinato español, que vivió su independencia, sin derramar ni una gota de sangre. Suceso completamente diferente a las luchas que emprendió México o Suramérica, donde se libraron guerras sangrientas como la que protagonizaron Morelos, Simón Bolívar, José Antonio Sucre, Artigas, O´Higgins, San Martín, Céspedes o José Martí en Cuba. La historia de Centroamérica, ha sido muchas veces falseada por intereses políticos y religiosos, sumado a que gran parte de esa historiografía regional, se ha visto marcada, con amplios matices de colonialismo, chouvinismo, fetichismo y neocolonialismo, casualmente muchas de las imprecisiones histórica en el continente americano, radica en alimentar la llamada “maldición de malinche” y así justificar los antecedentes históricos de la colonia y la modernidad. Habiendo cientos de documentos, que exaltan repetitivamente la superioridad europea, ante la supuesta tiranía e idolatría autóctona americana, siendo abundante los autores que se apasiona con el romanticismo greco-romano, para así justificar su xenofilia y xenolatría política, dando paso a la construcción o concepción de la modernidad hegemónica, bajo todos sus matices eurocéntricos. En la provincia de Nicaragua, de los pocos intelectuales que se atrevieron a “rebelarse”, al sistema colonial fue Miguel Larreynaga, junto al hondureño José Cecilio del Valle, quienes redactaron el acta de independencia, dando lugar al gobierno presidido justamente por el español Gabino Gainza; quien además de convertirse en presidente, fue llamado “insigne” de la independencia de Centroamérica, a pesar que claramente obedecía siempre al interés peninsular y criollo, que buscaba evitar el pago de tributos a la corona española. Casualmente, así se empezó a construir los hechos históricos, que marcó la independencia centroamericana, construyendo el concepto de “próceres” de la emancipación a los mismos españoles, el mejor caso es del mencionado señor “Gabino Gainza”.
La antropologia frente al Bicentenario
Authors: Flores Chavarría Milton José
Published: February 2022

En el escrito resuena la gran pregunta que nos persigue como Antropólogos/as, por lo que nuestro aporte será siempre asumir el reto de comprender las leyes unificadoras, insistir en las divergencias y el parentesco. Es nuestra, la tradición del estudio de la sociedad inmersa en una cultura y su devenir histórico. Por lo que la propuesta es visualizar: la virtud del humanismo y el error de la desvinculación con la realidad (obstáculo epistémico). Por lo tanto, los aprendizajes del Bicentenario son un sendero con paso obligatorio para admirar su paisaje académico: con volcanes teóricos y lagos repletos de enfoques metodológicos. De eso se trata esta invitación, de atrevernos a pensar en lo real, ideal y simbólico.
Deserción estudiantil universitaria: Un estudio en una Universitaria Comunitaria Intercultural
Authors: Chow-White Vilma Elena , Flores-López William Oswaldo
Published: February 2022

Este estudio ha analizado los factores de deserción estudiantil en un contexto universitario. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa sustentada en un diseño “Ex Post Facto”. Las variables de análisis fueron: edad, género, etnia, estado civil, laboral, número de hermanos, números de hijos, lugar de procedencia, estudio (secundaria), tipo carrera y el semestre que abandono la carrera. Los principales resultados muestran que la investigación el índice de deserción fue de 34% y los principales factores que incidieron en la deserción estudiantil universitaria fue de orden económico, entorno familiar, antecedentes académicos, factor motivacional, autoestima, vocacional y el académico institucional; pese a la deserción ocurrida del 47% de los desertores logró alcanzar bases académicas y un título técnico universitario, lo cual los hace competitivos en el mercado laboral.
Geestelijke verzorging in een levensbeschouwelijk divers en geseculariseerd land
Authors: Berghuijs Joantine
Published: February 2022

Measured in terms of church membership and church attendance, The Netherlands are rapidly secularizing. However, the country has a very diverse population in terms of religious/spiritual orientations, including the phenomenon of ‘multiple religious belonging’ that cuts through all traditional divisions. All in all, there is a majority of over 60% that is involved in some form of religion or spirituality. In most cases, interfaith spiritual care is unproblematic for both spiritual caregivers and for their clients, except in case of religion-specific rituals. Recent developments enhance the presence and visibility of spiritual caregivers and their broad employability. Concerns about profiling of the profession, and fragmentation of types of accreditation are discussed.
Zinervaring in gesprek
Authors: Smeets Wim
Published: February 2022

In interfaith spiritual care, the emphasis is too much on the ideological contents (their generic correspondences or their special individuality), whether or not linked to an official mandate of the spiritual counselor. Worldview contents can indeed have a function in guiding clients, by offering a perspective on the current experience and to symbolize it. In this way they are instrumental to what it is really about: stimulating the experience of meaning in and from the conversation. The focus on this experience can be grounded and stimulated by the existential approach. Imagination and sensitivity to physical perception thus form an important contribution to the meaning-giving process, in addition to the authentic testimony of one’s own spiritual inspiration. Interreligious spiritual care should be part of intercultural spiritual care, of which an analysis of the language is an important component.
Levensoriëntatie: een inductief waardenonderzoek
Authors: Van der Zande Edwin
Published: February 2022

This article presents a newly developed alternative to mainstream practices in education and in value research. It is a layered model of qualitative research that creates value for education and for research practices. In this article, I claim the necessity for students at a university of applied sciences to develop and articulate their moral consciousness as part of their normative professionalisation. Mainstream educational practice often shows a preference for a deductive approach, for example, in letting students choose three values from a longer list of pre-selected values. Quantitative scientific value research is analogous to this deductive approach and neglects the complexity of a value system as a product of life-long experiences. In this contribution an innovative notion of life orientation is presented, which conceptually emphasises the inductive and processual character of a developing personal and professional value system. Life orientation is an existential positioning process that needs further articulation for fostering moral awareness. In this particular alternative, in which articulation becomes part of an educational approach, students become first-line inquirers of their morality, and it invites them to broaden and deepen their moral vocabulary in relation to their increased awareness. This broadened vocabulary, furthermore, enables them to improve their dialogical competencies, which is beneficial for establishing an informed dialogue among professionals on the moral dimension of their practice. For scientific reasons, the first-line narrative inquiry of students could be subject to further narrative research. Though a narrative-inductive approach is time-consuming, it provides for a rich set of data. The exemplifying narrative of Izzy shows that within a life orientation different, sometimes opposing, views are the components of a developing but complex and contextualising narrative.
Syzygium Megacarpum (Craib) Rathakr. & N.C. Nair (Myrtaceae) –A New Record for Andaman – Nicobar Islands
Authors: Shareef Sainudeen , Mathew Sam , Kumar E.S.
Published: February 2022

Syzygium megacarpum (Craib) Rathakr. & N.C. Nair, a wild myrtaceous tree species, is described along with photographs as a new distributional record for Andaman-Nicobar Islands.
Dissipation of heat from cooling ponds
Authors: D’SOUZA R.S. , SARMA T.P.
Published: February 2022

A mathematical model is proposed for the planning of cooling ponds used for dissipation of waste heat from heated discharge water of Power Generating Stations. This dissipation of waste heat is found to be mainly dependent on wind speed and water temperature, negligibly influenced by air temperature and humidity and is independent of solar radiation. The model’s special application is where the water resources are limited and need for recycling of water used for cooling the condenser waters of the power station is necessary. The models show that the acreage requirements of the cooling ponds of such types of the order of 1.0 to 2.5 acres/Mw (e) during the hotter months at Bombay. Data was also collected at Tarapur Atomic Power Station’s discharge channel and the model calculations compared well with the actual temperature fall in the channel observed during low tide.
A radar study of growth and decay of thunderstorms around Bombay during the pre-monsoon season
Authors: MUKHERJEE A. K. , KUMAR S. , KRISHNAMURTHY G.
Published: February 2022

Rates of growth and decay of 'Cb' clouds as seen through 3 cm radar have been studied for Bombay and neighbourhood for April 1974. The rate of growth varied from 2 to 16 m.p.s. These were compared with those obtained from T-phi-gram analysis. The observed values were lower than the calculated ones. Assuming lower value of observed rate of growth to be due to entrainment of environmental air by rising parcel, the amount of entrainment has been calculated for a particular case. The rates of decay are found to vary from 0.5 to 7 m.p.s.
A study of anhysteretic remanent magnetization with the variation of A. C. and D. C. fields on Rajmahal basalts
Authors: RAKSHIT A. K.
Published: February 2022

Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization is produced in a rock specimen when an alternating field, sufficient to cause saturation. is applied and reduced to zero in the presence of a constant direct field. The ARM produced increase with the increase of A. C. field range when the D. C. field is kept constant and reaches a saturation value. The saturation value is different for different specimens and increases as the coercive force increases. The ARM developed in various specimens with the variation of D. C. field, when the maximum alternating field intensity is constant, is a linear function of a small D.C. field.
Cross-equatorial flow over southeast Asia during the Northeast monsoon
Authors: LIM JOO TICK , QUAH LEONG CHUAN
Published: February 2022

Computations of  equatorial trajectories involving the voritcity equation as suggested by Fujita et at. (1969) were performed. Comparison of the trajectories for the early and late northeast monsoon months reveals that substantial cross-equatorial flow during the late monsoon period is the result of changes  that take place in the Asia monsoon circulation. The causes of the cross-equatoial flow during the late monsoon period is the result of changes that take place in the Asia monsoon circulation. The causes of the cross-equatorial drift flow are also attributed to these changes with a further requirement of the strengthening of the winds over Southeast Asia especially over area north of latitude 100 N.
A method of forecasting the weather associated with western disturbances
Authors: REDDY S. JEEVANANDA , RAO G. S. PRAKASHA
Published: February 2022

In the present study the authors have presented a method of forecasting the weather associated with western disturbances using the lower tropospheric wind flow pattern. For this purpose, the lower tropospheric winds over the country at two levels were studied -(i) the wind pattern at 0.9 kill and (ii) the position of subtropical ridge at 850 mb level. On the basis of the wind pattern at these two levels, the weather associated with western disturbances is divided into six broad categories. These are explained with the help of model diagrams. The conclusions have been drawn based on daily data for the months December to February 1960.1973.

This method is especially suitable when data over Pakistan, Afghanistan and neighbourhood are not available. It can also be used as an aid in forecasting the arrival of western disturbances and their associated weather over Indian region.
Swells over Bombay High area due to storms in the Arabian Sea
Authors: MUKHERJEE A. K. , NARASIMHAM A. L. , SIVARAMAKRISHNAN T.R. , GUPTA H. V.
Published: February 2022

An attempt is made to estimate the height and period of swells over 'Bombay High area' caused by the cyclones of the Arabian Sea. The calculated values are examined in the light of available observations and the results are discussed. Case studies of recent systems have also been made, regarding the suitability of the method used to forecast swells.
The effect of water table fluctuations on water quality: A case history
Authors: RAO C. SUBBA
Published: February 2022

The effect of watertable fluctuations on groundwater salinity is observed for three well- waters near Visakhapatnam, India. The electrical relativity water sample in the well is taken to represent the salinity of water. A correlation between the electrical sensitivities of groundwater samples and the corresponding water table positions over a period of fifteen months is brought out. A peculiar in-phase relation between the water level hydrograph and the salinity curve is recorded, the explanation for which is given in terms of the hydrogeology of the layers constituting the 'host' rock.
Performance of a F .R. P. pan evaporimeter
Authors: RAO T. RAMANA , RAO K. SUBBA
Published: February 2022

Based on parallel evaporation measurements taken for 14 months on a standard U.S.A. class A pan evaporimeter and on an identically exposed and dimensioned pan made of Fibreglass Reinforced plastic (F.R.P.) material, it is found that they do not compare well with each other in performance. Differences in their behaviour are explained in terms of the thermal properties of the pan. By virtue of the lack of heat exchange with the environment above ground as in the case of a standard U .S.A. class A pan and by the absence of advection interactions in ground as in the case of a sunken GGI-3000 pan, the fibreglass pan fared better in approaching values of evaporation from a giant sunken 20 m2 tank of 2 m depth.