bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing typhoon impact and economic losses due to anthropogenic warming in Southeast China
Authors: Huang Mingfeng , Wang Qing , Liu Maofeng , Lin Ning , Wang Yifan , Jing Renzhi , Sun Jianping , Murakami Hiroyuki , Lou Wenjuan
Published: September 2022

Despite a variety of studies on the tropical cyclone (TC) response to climate change, few of them have examined the projected damages of future TCs. Here we quantify the impact of anthropogenic warming on TC-induced damages in the late twenty-first century along the coasts of Southeast China based on convection-permitting TC simulations and machine-learning-based damage models. We found that if the area’s 10 super typhoons between 2013 and 2019 were to occur at the end of the century under the high emissions RCP8.5 scenario, they would have on average a 12% ± 4% increase in landfall intensity, 25% ± 23% increase in precipitation, and 128% ± 70% increase in economic losses, compared to historical simulations. We also found a significant increase in the full risk profile. The estimated typhoon loss with a 50-year return period for Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, and Hainan (four most typhoon-prone provinces among the seven provinces in the region) would increase by 71%, 170%, 20%, and 85%, respectively, towards the end of the century even under the lower emissions RCP4.5 pathway. Our findings imply the need to design effective local hazard mitigation measures to reduce future typhoon risks.
Tau isoform-specific enhancement of L-type calcium current and augmentation of afterhyperpolarization in rat hippocampal neurons
Authors: Stan Georgiana F. , Church Timothy W. , Randall Ellie , Harvey Jenna R. M. , Brown Jon T. , Wilkinson Kevin A. , Hanley Jonathan G. , Marrion Neil V.
Published: September 2022

Accumulation of tau is observed in dementia, with human tau displaying 6 isoforms grouped by whether they display either 3 or 4 C-terminal repeat domains (3R or 4R) and exhibit no (0N), one (1N) or two (2N) N terminal repeats. Overexpression of 4R0N-tau in rat hippocampal slices enhanced the L-type calcium (Ca2+) current-dependent components of the medium and slow afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs). Overexpression of both 4R0N-tau and 4R2N-tau augmented CaV1.2-mediated L-type currents when expressed in tsA-201 cells, an effect not observed with the third 4R isoform, 4R1N-tau. Current enhancement was only observed when the pore-forming subunit was co-expressed with CaVβ3 and not CaVβ2a subunits. Non-stationary noise analysis indicated that enhanced Ca2+ channel current arose from a larger number of functional channels. 4R0N-tau and CaVβ3 were found to be physically associated by co-immunoprecipitation. In contrast, the 4R1N-tau isoform that did not augment expressed macroscopic L-type Ca2+ current exhibited greatly reduced binding to CaVβ3. These data suggest that physical association between tau and the CaVβ3 subunit stabilises functional L-type channels in the membrane, increasing channel number and Ca2+ influx. Enhancing the Ca2+-dependent component of AHPs would produce cognitive impairment that underlie those seen in the early phases of tauopathies.
Identification and genetic diversity analysis of hybrid offspring of azalea based on EST-SSR markers
Authors: Su Ming , Zhang Chunying , Feng Shucheng
Published: September 2022

Azalea is a world famous flower with high economic and ornamental value. The breeding of new azalea varieties is mainly done by cross breeding. However, there is a risk that cross breeding may cause errors in the hybrid offspring due to contamination by exogenous pollen. Therefore, the identification of hybrid offspring is an important part of azalea breeding. In this study, the parents of three hybrid combinations and their 88 F1 hybrid offspring were selected to screen 15 pairs of EST-SSR primers to identify the authenticity of azalea hybrid offspring. The results showed that the authenticity of 88 azalea F1 hybrid progenies could be determined by at least four primer pairs. Genetic diversity analysis of azalea hybrid progeny revealed that the number of alleles and polymorphic information content of the progeny increased to different degrees, and the more distant the genetic distance between parents, the richer the polymorphic information. It is suggested that EST-SSR molecular marker can be applied for the early identification and genetic diversity analysis of the progeny of azalea hybrids. This method is of positive significance for improving the breeding efficiency of new varieties and exploring the genetic background of azalea.
Computational model predicts the neural mechanisms of prepulse inhibition in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Furuya Kotaro , Katsumata Yuki , Ishibashi Masayuki , Matsumoto Yutaro , Morimoto Takako , Aonishi Toru
Published: September 2022

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a behavioural phenomenon in which a preceding weaker stimulus suppresses the startle response to a subsequent stimulus. The effect of PPI has been found to be reduced in psychiatric patients and is a promising neurophysiological indicator of psychiatric disorders. Because the neural circuit of the startle response has been identified at the cellular level, investigating the mechanism underlying PPI in Drosophila melanogaster larvae through experiment-based mathematical modelling can provide valuable insights. We recently identified PPI in Drosophila larvae and found that PPI was reduced in larvae mutated with the Centaurin gamma 1A (CenG1A) gene, which may be associated with autism. In this study, we used numerical simulations to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying PPI in Drosophila larvae. We adjusted the parameters of a previously developed Drosophila larvae computational model and demonstrated that the model could reproduce several behaviours, including PPI. An analysis of the temporal changes in neuronal activity when PPI occurs using our neural circuit model suggested that the activity of specific neurons triggered by prepulses has a considerable effect on PPI. Furthermore, we validated our speculations on PPI reduction in CenG1A mutants with simulations.
Variations in limited resources allocation towards friends and strangers in children and adolescents from seven economically and culturally diverse societies
Authors: Butovskaya M. , Rostovtseva V. , Dronova D. , Burkova V. , Adam Y.
Published: September 2022

Humans are unique among primates in altruism and sharing limited recourses towards non-kin. Our study revealed the differences in proportions of individuals ready to share limited resources with virtual friend compared to virtual stranger in children and adolescents from seven ethnic groups, represented by four traditional rural African societies from Tanzania with different types of economy and three societies from Russia. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2020, and the data on 2253 individuals (1104 males and 1149 females) were obtained. Six economic games with limited resource allocations were conducted: Prosocial, Envy, and Sharing games with imagined friends and stranger partners accordingly. All players were later classified according to their decisions in all six games into four behavioral types: egoistic, egalitarian, altruistic, and mixed. The effects of population origin, gender, age, and stranger/friend type of interaction on the behavior were estimated by multinomial logistic regression. It was demonstrated that more respondents prefer altruistic and egalitarian behavior than egoistic and mixed in the whole sample. However, significant parochial effect was found. The study revealed significant main effects of ethnicity, age, and the interaction effects of ethnicity and parochial tendencies, and ethnicity and age on the behavior of players.
Simultaneous reduction and fixation using an anatomical suprapectineal quadrilateral surface plate through modified Stoppa approach in superomedially displaced acetabular fractures
Authors: Kwak Dae-Kyung , Lee Seung-Hun , Lee Kang-Uk , Hwang Ji-Hyo , Yoo Je-Hyun
Published: September 2022

Treatment of superomedially displaced acetabular fractures including a quadrilateral surface (QLS) is challenging. We present a surgical technique using an anatomical suprapectineal QLS plate through the modified Stoppa approach and report the availability of this plate to treat this fracture type along with the surgical outcomes. Sixteen consecutive patients (14 men and 2 women) who underwent surgical treatment using an anatomical suprapectineal QLS plate through a modified Stoppa approach for superomedially displaced acetabular fractures between June 2018 and June 2020, were enrolled retrospectively. These fractures included 11 both-column fractures and 5 anterior-column and posterior hemitransverse fractures, which were confirmed on preoperative 3-dimensional computed tomography. Surgical outcomes were clinically assessed using the Postel Merle d’Aubigné (PMA) score and visual analog scale (VAS) score at the final follow-up, and radiological evaluations were performed immediately after the operation and at the final follow-up. For comparative analysis, 23 patients who underwent internal fixation with the conventional reconstruction plate through modified ilioinguinal approach between February 2010 and May 2018, were selected. This control group was composed of 18 both-column fractures and 5 anterior-column and posterior hemitransverse fractures. The follow-up period was at least 1 year in all patients. The mean operation time and blood loss was 109 min, and 853 ml, respectively, whereas 236 min, and 1843 ml in control group. Anatomical reduction was achieved in 14 (87.5%) patients, while imperfect reduction was achieved in the remaining 2 patients. At the final follow-up, radiographic grades were excellent, fair, and poor in 14 patients (87.5%), one, and one, respectively. The mean PMA score was 16.1 (range 13–18) and the mean VAS score was 1.0 (range 0–3). No secondary reduction loss or implant loosening was observed. However, 2 patients underwent conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to post-traumatic arthritis and subsequent joint pain. No other complications were observed. In the comparative analysis, radiological outcome showed a significant relationship with the conversion to THA (p = 0.013). Shorter operation time and less blood loss were significantly observed in the QLS plate fixation group through the modified Stoppa approach compared with the conventional reconstruction plate fixation group through modified ilioinguinal approach (p < 0.001, respectively). Simultaneous reduction and fixation using an anatomical suprapectineal QLS plate through the modified Stoppa approach may be a viable technique in superomedially displaced acetabular fractures along with shorter operation time and less blood loss.
Deep compressed seismic learning for fast location and moment tensor inferences with natural and induced seismicity
Authors: Vera Rodriguez Ismael , Myklebust Erik B.
Published: September 2022

Fast detection and characterization of seismic sources is crucial for decision-making and warning systems that monitor natural and induced seismicity. However, besides the laying out of ever denser monitoring networks of seismic instruments, the incorporation of new sensor technologies such as Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) further challenges our processing capabilities to deliver short turnaround answers from seismic monitoring. In response, this work describes a methodology for the learning of the seismological parameters: location and moment tensor from compressed seismic records. In this method, data dimensionality is reduced by applying a general encoding protocol derived from the principles of compressive sensing. The data in compressed form is then fed directly to a convolutional neural network that outputs fast predictions of the seismic source parameters. Thus, the proposed methodology can not only expedite data transmission from the field to the processing center, but also remove the decompression overhead that would be required for the application of traditional processing methods. An autoencoder is also explored as an equivalent alternative to perform the same job. We observe that the CS-based compression requires only a fraction of the computing power, time, data and expertise required to design and train an autoencoder to perform the same task. Implementation of the CS-method with a continuous flow of data together with generalization of the principles to other applications such as classification are also discussed.
Prebiotic synthesis of noncanonical nucleobases under plausible alkaline hydrothermal conditions
Authors: Pérez-Fernández Cristina , Vega Jorge , Rayo-Pizarroso Pedro , Mateo-Marti Eva , Ruiz-Bermejo Marta
Published: September 2022

Herein, the potential of alkaline hydrothermal environments for the synthesis of possible ancestral pre-RNA nucleobases using cyanide as a primary source of carbon and nitrogen is described. Water cyanide polymerizations were assisted by microwave radiation to obtain high temperature and a relatively high pressure (MWR, 180 °C, 15 bar) and were also carried out using a conventional thermal system (CTS, 80 °C, 1 bar) to simulate subaerial and aerial hydrothermal conditions, respectively, on the early Earth. For these syntheses, the initial concentration of cyanide and the diffusion effects were studied. In addition, it is well known that hydrolysis conditions are directly related to the amount and diversity of organic molecules released from cyanide polymers. Thus, as a first step, we studied the effect of several hydrolysis procedures, generally used in prebiotic chemistry, on some of the potential pre-RNA nucleobases of interest, together with some of their isomers and/or deamination products, also presumably formed in these complex reactions. The results show that the alkaline hydrothermal scenarios with a relatively constant pH are good geological scenarios for the generation of noncanonical nucleobases using cyanide as a prebiotic precursor.
Significance of the anatomical relationship between the flexor digitorum longus and sustentaculum tali for reconsideration of the talocalcaneonavicular joint stability mechanism
Authors: Tsutsumi Masahiro , Kudo Shintarou , Nimura Akimoto , Akita Keiichi
Published: September 2022

The talocalcaneonavicular joint (TCN-j) is supported by the spring ligament, which has recently been revealed to be part of the joint capsule complex, along with the tendinous sheath of the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus (FDL). Nonetheless, the FDL’s role in TCN-j stability has received limited attention. This study aimed to elucidate the positional relationships between the FDL and sustentaculum tali, which comprises the TCN-j. We hypothesized that the FDL runs medial to the sustentaculum tali, and its course significantly changes from the sitting to the standing position. Six ankles from six body donors were investigated, and seven ankles from seven volunteers were assessed using ultrasonography. The FDL was three-dimensionally located inferomedial to the sustentaculum tali. The FDL tendinous sheath was attached to the sustentaculum tali or connected by the tibialis posterior via the tendinous sheath. Based on the in vivo ultrasound image, the FDL location relative to the sustentaculum tali was maintained; however, the curvature of the FDL course was significantly more prominent in standing than in sitting. The FDL force against the bending moment may prevent the excessive eversion of the foot and aid the conventional spring ligament’s contribution to TCN-j stability for maintaining the longitudinal arch.
Metabolomic alterations in the blood plasma of older adults with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (from the Nakayama Study)
Authors: Ozaki Tomoki , Yoshino Yuta , Tachibana Ayumi , Shimizu Hideaki , Mori Takaaki , Nakayama Tomohiko , Mawatari Kazuaki , Numata Shusuke , Iga Jun-ichi , Takahashi Akira , Ohmori Tetsuro , Ueno Shu-ichi
Published: September 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disease, and the number of AD patients is increasing every year as the population ages. One of the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD is thought to be the effect of metabolomic abnormalities. There have been several studies of metabolomic abnormalities of AD, and new biomarkers are being investigated. Metabolomic studies have been attracting attention, and the aim of this study was to identify metabolomic biomarkers associated with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Of the 927 participants in the Nakayama Study conducted in Iyo City, Ehime Prefecture, 106 were selected for this study as Control (n = 40), MCI (n = 26), and AD (n = 40) groups, matched by age and sex. Metabolomic comparisons were made across the three groups. Then, correlations between metabolites and clinical symptoms were examined. The blood mRNA levels of the ornithine metabolic enzymes were also measured. Of the plasma metabolites, significant differences were found in ornithine, uracil, and lysine. Ornithine was significantly decreased in the AD group compared to the Control and MCI groups (Control vs. AD: 97.2 vs. 77.4; P = 0.01, MCI vs. AD: 92.5 vs. 77.4; P = 0.02). Uracil and lysine were also significantly decreased in the AD group compared to the Control group (uracil, Control vs. AD: 272 vs. 235; P = 0.04, lysine, Control vs. AD: 208 vs. 176; P = 0.03). In the total sample, the MMSE score was significantly correlated with lysine, ornithine, thymine, and uracil. The Barthel index score was significantly correlated with lysine. The instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) score were significantly correlated with lysine, betaine, creatine, and thymine. In the ornithine metabolism pathway, the spermine synthase mRNA level was significantly decreased in AD. Ornithine was decreased, and mRNA expressions related to its metabolism were changed in the AD group compared to the Control and MCI groups, suggesting an association between abnormal ornithine metabolism and AD. Increased betaine and decreased methionine may also have the potential to serve as markers of higher IADL in elderly persons. Plasma metabolites may be useful for predicting the progression of AD.
Hybrid metagenome assemblies link carbohydrate structure with function in the human gut microbiome
Authors: Ravi Anuradha , Troncoso-Rey Perla , Ahn-Jarvis Jennifer , Corbin Kendall R. , Harris Suzanne , Harris Hannah , Aydin Alp , Kay Gemma L. , Le Viet Thanh , Gilroy Rachel , Pallen Mark J. , Page Andrew J. , O’Grady Justin , Warren Frederick J.
Published: September 2022

Complex carbohydrates that escape small intestinal digestion, are broken down in the large intestine by enzymes encoded by the gut microbiome. This is a symbiotic relationship between microbes and host, resulting in metabolic products that influence host health and are exploited by other microbes. However, the role of carbohydrate structure in directing microbiota community composition and the succession of carbohydrate-degrading microbes, is not fully understood. In this study we evaluate species-level compositional variation within a single microbiome in response to six structurally distinct carbohydrates in a controlled model gut using hybrid metagenome assemblies. We identified 509 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) belonging to ten bacterial classes and 28 bacterial families. Bacterial species identified as carrying genes encoding starch binding modules increased in abundance in response to starches. The use of hybrid metagenomics has allowed identification of several uncultured species with the functional potential to degrade starch substrates for future study.
Paternal low protein diet perturbs inter-generational metabolic homeostasis in a tissue-specific manner in mice
Authors: Morgan Hannah L. , Furse Samuel , Dias Irundika H. K. , Shabir Kiran , Castellanos Marcos , Khan Iqbal , May Sean T. , Holmes Nadine , Carlile Matthew , Sang Fei , Wright Victoria , Koulman Albert , Watkins Adam J.
Published: September 2022

The underlying mechanisms driving paternally-programmed metabolic disease in offspring remain poorly defined. We fed male C57BL/6 mice either a control normal protein diet (NPD; 18% protein) or an isocaloric low protein diet (LPD; 9% protein) for a minimum of 8 weeks. Using artificial insemination, in combination with vasectomised male mating, we generated offspring using either NPD or LPD sperm but in the presence of NPD or LPD seminal plasma. Offspring from either LPD sperm or seminal fluid display elevated body weight and tissue dyslipidaemia from just 3 weeks of age. These changes become more pronounced in adulthood, occurring in conjunction with altered hepatic metabolic and inflammatory pathway gene expression. Second generation offspring also display differential tissue lipid abundance, with profiles similar to those of first generation adults. These findings demonstrate that offspring metabolic homeostasis is perturbed in response to a suboptimal paternal diet with the effects still evident within a second generation.
Assessing seafood nutritional diversity together with climate impacts informs more comprehensive dietary advice
Authors: Bianchi Marta , Hallström Elinor , Parker Robert W. R. , Mifflin Kathleen , Tyedmers Peter , Ziegler Friederike
Published: September 2022

Seafood holds promise for helping meet nutritional needs at a low climate impact. Here, we assess the nutrient density and greenhouse gas emissions, weighted by production method, that result from fishing and farming of globally important species. The highest nutrient benefit at the lowest emissions is achieved by consuming wild-caught small pelagic and salmonid species, and farmed bivalves like mussels and oysters. Many but not all seafood species provide more nutrition at lower emissions than land animal proteins, especially red meat, but large differences exist, even within species groups and species, depending on production method. Which nutrients contribute to nutrient density differs between seafoods, as do the nutrient needs of population groups within and between countries or regions. Based on the patterns found in nutritional attributes and climate impact, we recommend refocusing and tailoring production and consumption patterns towards species and production methods with improved nutrition and climate performance, taking into account specific nutritional needs and emission reduction goals.
Bisphosphonate type-dependent cell viability suppressive effects of carbon nanohorn–calcium phosphate–bisphosphonate nanocomposites
Authors: Nakamura Maki , Ueda Katsuya , Yamamoto Yumiko , Aoki Kaoru , Zhang Minfang , Saito Naoto , Yudasaka Masako
Published: September 2022

The bisphosphonate (BP)-loaded carbon nanocomposites which have potential for local treatment of bone metastasis were fabricated using three types of BPs. The resulting nanocomposites showed a BP type-dependent cell viability suppressive effect.
A convenient method to estimate the glass transition temperature of small organic semiconductor materials
Authors: Tsuchiya Youichi , Nakamura Nozomi , Kakumachi Shunta , Kusuhara Keiko , Chan Chin-Yiu , Adachi Chihaya
Published: September 2022

The convenient melt-blending method for DSC measurement provides the reliable glass transition temperature (Tg) of the materials which are hard to measure by the standard DSC measurement, e.g., organic semiconductors.
Translating solution to solid phase glycosylation conditions
Authors: Bakhatan Yasmeen , Ben Abba Amiel Dror , Sukhran Yonatan , Chan Chieh-Kai , Lo Wei-Chih , Lu Po-Wei , Liao Pin-Hsuan , Wang Cheng-Chung , Hurevich Mattan
Published: September 2022

Fast, economical and automated strategy for optimizing glycosylation temperature was developed and utilized for mirroring solution to solid-phase conditions.
Ru(ii)-catalyzed external auxiliary-free primary amide-directed inverse Sonogashira reaction on (hetero)arylamides
Authors: Baghel Akanksha Singh , Kumar Amit
Published: September 2022

An effective protocol has been developed for the mono/di-alkynylation of (hetero)arylamides via double C–H bond activation with bromo-alkynes as coupling partners using the primary amide as a directing group in the presence of a ruthenium(ii)-salt.
2D–2D WO3–Bi2WO6 photocatalyst with an S-scheme heterojunction for highly efficient Cr(vi) reduction
Authors: Zhao Nan-Nan , Zhang Yi , Liu Meng-Qi , Peng Yin , Liu Jin-Yun
Published: September 2022

WO3–Bi2WO6 heterostructures display outstanding photo-reduction ability for high concentration of Cr(vi) due to the formation of 2D–2D junctions and the S-scheme transfer behavior of photogenerated e–h pairs.
Unraveling the interaction of urban emission plumes and marine breezes involved in the formation of summertime coastal high ozone on Long Island
Authors: Zhang Jie , Catena Alexandra , Shrestha Bhupal , Freedman Jeffrey , McCabe Elizabeth , Schwab Margaret J. , Felton Dirk , Kent John , Gaza Bob , Schwab James J.
Published: September 2022

The different mechanisms for high ozone cases at the north shorevs.the south shore of Long Island, New York are influenced by the interplay of urban plumes with different coastal meteorological flow patterns.
Nickel(i)-catalyzed (de)hydrogenative coupling of amines and alkyl heteroarenes with alcohols
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , Liang Qianqian , Yang Wei , Zhang Guohui , Hu Maolin , Zhang Guoying
Published: September 2022

A novel cationic nickel(i) complex exhibiting extremely high efficiency toward the (de)hydrogenative N-alkylation of amines and olefination of alkyl heteroarenes by alcohols is reported.
Capillary pressure-based measurement of dynamic interfacial tension in a spontaneous microfluidic sensor
Authors: Deng Boxin , Schroën Karin , Steegmans Maartje , de Ruiter Jolet
Published: September 2022

The EDGE tensiometer allows access to nearly the full range of dynamic interfacial tension at relevant time scales for both droplet and bubble interfaces.
MoS2oxidative etching caught in the act: formation of single (MoO3)nmolecules
Authors: Sovizi Saeed , Tosoni Sergio , Szoszkiewicz Robert
Published: September 2022

We report the presence of sub-nm MoOxclusters formed on basal planes of the 2H MoS2crystals during thermal oxidative etching in air at a temperature of 370 °C.
A simple protocol for determination of enantiopurity of amines using BINOL derivatives as chiral solvating agentsvia1H- and19F-NMR spectroscopic analysis
Authors: Chaudhary Pooja , Yadav Geeta Devi , Singh Surendra
Published: September 2022

A rapid and simple protocol for the determination of enantiopurity of primary and secondary amines was developed by using enantiopure BINOL and their derivatives as chiral solvating agentsvia1H- and19F-NMR spectroscopic analysis.
End-to-end differentiable construction of molecular mechanics force fields
Authors: Wang Yuanqing , Fass Josh , Kaminow Benjamin , Herr John E. , Rufa Dominic , Zhang Ivy , Pulido Iván , Henry Mike , Bruce Macdonald Hannah E. , Takaba Kenichiro , Chodera John D.
Published: September 2022

Graph neural network-based continuous embedding is used to replace a human expert-derived discrete atom typing scheme to parametrize accurate and extensible molecular mechanics force fields.
Imaging of hypochlorous acid in mitochondria using an asymmetric near-infrared fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift
Authors: Hu Wei , Qiang Taotao , Li Chenchen , Ren Longfang , Cheng Fei , Wang Baoshuai , Li Mingli , Song Xinjian , James Tony D.
Published: September 2022

Small-molecule near-infrared (NIR) imaging facilitates deep tissue penetration, low autofluorescence, non-invasive visualization, and a relatively simple operation.
Chemo-catalytic synthesis of biomass-derived furanyl diethers: green and renewable bio-diesel components
Authors: Pang Yujia , Zhang Zhenlei , Qiu Weiwei , Chen Ning , Wei Junnan , Li Xiujuan , Lin Lu , Huang He
Published: September 2022

This article compared the engine performance parameters of furanyl diethers and systematically summarized their mechanistic pathways and preparation methods.
Li+, Na+co-stabilized vanadium oxide nanobelts with a bilayer structure for boosted zinc-ion storage performance
Authors: Wang Jinjin , Zhao Xiangyuan , Kang Jinzhao , Wang Xiaomei , Yu Hong , Du Cheng-Feng , Yan Qingyu
Published: September 2022

Li+, Na+co-stabilized vanadium oxide nanobelts with a bilayer structure are preparedviaa quick one-pot eutectic oxidation process. Faster charge-transfer/ion-diffusion kinetics and robust architecture lead to a superior zinc-ion storage performance.
A combination of a graphene quantum dots–cationic red dye donor–acceptor pair and cucurbit[7]uril as a supramolecular sensor for ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarkers spermine and spermidine
Authors: Bhosle Akhil A. , Banerjee Mainak , Hiremath Sharanabasava D. , Sisodiya Dilawar S. , Naik Viraj G. , Barooah Nilotpal , Bhasikuttan Achikanath C. , Chattopadhyay Anjan , Chatterjee Amrita
Published: September 2022

The use of a GQDs-based donor–acceptor pair in affinity-driven supramolecular sensing was first time introduced by the strategic introduction of a cavitand, CB[7] for selective and sensitive detection of spermine and spermidine under physiological conditions via a ratiometric response.
Application of a microwave synthesized ultra-smooth a-C thin film for the reduction of dielectric/semiconductor interface trap states of an oxide thin film transistor
Authors: Pal Nila , Thakurta Baishali , Chakraborty Rajarshi , Pandey Utkarsh , Acharya Vishwas , Biring Sajal , Pal Monalisa , Pal Bhola N.
Published: September 2022

Improvement in TFT performance has been achieved by introducing a solution-processed ultra-smooth nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon (a-C) thin film in between gate dielectric and semiconductor.
A flexible and fully recyclable transparent conductive organogel based on KI-containing glycerol with excellent anti-freezing and anti-drying behavior
Authors: He Jiaqing , Yang Kaixiang , Zhou Qiang , Xie Yongjun , Zou Gang , Yang Haiyang
Published: September 2022

As a potential candidate for electronic sensors, mechanically robust and flexible conductive hydrogels or organohydrogels have gained increasing attention in recent years.
Determining Swallowing Biomechanics Underlying Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile Scoring Using Computational Analysis of Swallowing Mechanics
Authors: Krekeler Brittany N. , Davidson Kate , Kantarcigil Cagla , Pearson William , Blair Julie , Martin-Harris Bonnie
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

The elements of impaired swallowing biomechanics are visually assessed and scored by clinicians using a standardized and validated tool for assessing type and severity of physiological impairments using the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP). However, the functional anatomical correlates that underly noted impairments using MBSImP scoring have not been measured. The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in MBSImP component scores represent differences in underlying swallowing mechanics as measured by computational analysis of swallowing mechanics (CASM) to better define underlying mechanisms of impairment.

Method:

A retrospective analysis of modified barium swallow studies from physician-referred adult patients with dysphagia was scored using the MBSImP for laryngeal elevation, anterior hyoid excursion, epiglottic movement, pharyngoesophageal segment opening, and tongue base retraction. A canonical variate analysis (CVA) was performed to determine the movement of anatomical landmarks associated with MBSImP component scores using the CASM method. Mahalanobis distances (
D
) were then used to detect differences among MBSImP scores for each component assessed.

Results:

CVA showed significant differences (
p
< .0001) in Mahalanobis distance (
D
> 1) between MBSImP component scores of 0–1, 0–2, 0–3, or 0–4, as applicable, depending on the component. Discriminant function analyses revealed concomitant increase/worsening in MBSImP score with changes in anatomical positioning of structures.

Conclusions:

Ratings of swallowing impairment and physiology using the MBSImP have distinct biomechanical correlates with anatomical movements of swallowing. These data further demonstrate how swallowing mechanics are highly interrelated. Understanding these linkages between anatomical and physiological movement within impaired swallowing biomechanics is essential in more specific characterization and treatment of dysphagia.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20816788
Osteoporose bei/durch Adipositas – Schutz oder Risiko?
Authors: Schober Hans-Christof , Kasch Katharina , Schröder Guido
Published: September 2022

Adipositas und Osteoporose sind häufige Erkrankungen, ein Zusammenhang zwischen beiden wird kontrovers beschrieben. Zum einen geht Adipositas mit einer Vielzahl von Komorbiditäten einher die den Knochenstoffwechsel beeinflussen und das Frakturrisiko erhöhen, zum anderen können die höhere Last auf den Knochen und der Weichteilmantel protektiv bei Stürzen wirken. Komorbiditäten der Adipositas fördern eine eingeschränkte Beweglichkeit und Stürze. Bei Adipositas findet sich daher eine Kombination aus peripheren Frakturen und Osteoporose-assoziierten Brüchen. Knochendichtemessungen und Bestimmungen der Knochenumbaumarker sind zur Abschätzung des Frakturrisikos bei dieser Klientel nur bedingt geeignet.
Clinical Characteristics and Associated Factors of Colonic Polyps in
Acromegaly
Authors: Peng Guiliang , Li Xing , Zhou Yuanyuan , Bai Jianying , Hong Pian , Li Weixing , Zhang Yuling , Zhang Lei , Liao Qian , Liao Mingyu , Zhou Ling , Sun Zheng , Shen Rufei , Zheng Hongting , Long Min
Published: September 2022

Purpose To investigate the clinical characteristics and associated factors
of colonic polyps in patients with acromegaly.

Methods Clinical characteristics and colonoscopy findings of 86 acromegaly
patients who received treatment were retrospectively reviewed, and colonoscopy
findings and the correlation with growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary
adenoma (GHPA) volume and hormonal/metabolic levels were analyzed.

Results The prevalence of colonic polyps in acromegaly patients was
40.7% and increased significantly with advanced age, especially in those
≥50 years. Multiple polyps (62.8%) and colonic polyps in the
left colon (54.2%) were detected more frequently. Compared to acromegaly
patients without polyps, those with polyps displayed higher insulin-like growth
factor-1 × upper limit of normal (IGF-1×ULN) levels
(P=0.03). IGF-1 levels and GHPA volumes in patients with polyps
showed increasing trends, although the differences were not significant. GH
levels were higher in patients with polyps of diameter ≤5 mm
than those with polyps of diameter >5 mm
(P=0.031). The univariate and multivariate logistic regression
analysis revealed that GHPA volumes (OR: 1.09, 95% CI:
1.01–1.20; P=0.039) and IGF-1×ULN Q2 levels (OR:
6.51, 95% CI: 1.20–44.60; P=0.038) were
independent factors for predicting the risk of colonic polyp occurrence in
acromegaly patients. A nomogram was prepared to evaluate the risk of colonic
polyps in acromegaly patients.

Conclusion The acromegalic patients are a population with a high
prevalence of colonic polyps. GHPA volumes and IGF-1×ULN levels may be
predictors of colonic polyp occurrence.
Applying Occam's Razor and Descending the Reconstructive Ladder: The Modified Cheek Advancement Flap for Reconstruction of Nasal Defects
Authors: Himeles Jaclyn Rosenthal , Criscito Maressa C. , Kellner Rebecca , Lee Nayoung , Stevenson Mary L. , Sclafani Anthony P. , Carucci John A.
Published: September 2022

Nasal reconstruction has important functional and cosmetic considerations, as proper repair of nasal defects is necessary to maintain function of the nasal airway and to recreate the normal appearance of this central facial structure. Cheek advancement flaps provide matched, mobile, and highly vascularized tissue for the reconstruction of nasal defects, allowing for the concealment of incisions within natural creases in a one-stage approach. However, cheek advancement flaps are often underutilized for nasal reconstruction because of their difficulty in restoring nasal contour. We describe reconstruction of 19 nasal dorsal and sidewall defects 0.8 to 3 cm in size. We incorporated a periosteal anchoring suture to maintain/restore nasal contour and additionally removed a half standing cone inferior to the defect to prevent encroachment of the nasal ala or alar crease. All patients were evaluated at least 3 months postoperatively. In all patients, we were able to restore concavity of the nasofacial sulcus, preserve the biconvex nasal tips, prevent alar flaring and retraction, and conserve the alar groove. All patients had excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes. We believe this modified cheek advancement flap provides functionally and aesthetically superior results and can be considered as a first-line approach for repair of nasal dorsal and sidewall defects in subselected patients.
Outcomes and Risk Factors in Microsurgical Forefoot Reconstruction
Authors: Mayr-Riedler Michael S , Wacker Alexander , Gedrich Florian , Ninkovic Milomir , Machens Hans-Günther , Dozan Mirko , Broer P. Niclas
Published: September 2022

Background Defects at the forefoot frequently require microsurgical reconstruction; however, reconstructive failure can lead to results inferior to primary amputation. The purpose of this study was to identify independent factors affecting surgical outcomes and hospitalization time in these patients.

Methods All patients that underwent free flap reconstruction of the forefoot between 2008 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Statistical evaluation included binary logistic regression and correlation analysis.

Results A total of 93 free flap procedures were performed in 87 patients. The most common defect etiologies were acute trauma (30 cases; 32.3%), diabetic foot syndrome (20 cases; 21.5%), and infection (17 cases; 18.3%). Muscle flaps were used in 50 cases (53.8%) and fasciocutaneous flaps were used in 43 cases (46.2%). Major complications occurred in 24 cases (25.8%) including 11 total flap losses and 2 partial flap losses. Minor complications occurred in 38 cases (40.9%). Patients aged 60 years or above were at significant higher risk of major complications (p = 0.029). Use of fasciocutaneous flaps (odds ratio [OR]: 14.341; p = 0.005), arterial hypertension (OR: 18.801; p = 0.014), and operative time (min) (OR: 1.010; p = 0.029) were identified as individual risk factors for major complications. Two venous anastomoses significantly reduced the risk of major complications (OR: 0.078; p = 0.022). Multiresistant bacterial wound colonization (OR: 65.152; p < 0.001) and defect size (OR: 1.007; p = 0.045) were identified as independent risk factors for minor complications. The median hospital stay was 28 days (7–85 days). Age significantly correlated with the length of hospital stay (r = 0.405, p < 0.01).

Conclusion Our study identified independent risk factors that might help to make individual decisions whether to target microsurgical forefoot reconstruction or primary amputation. Two venous anastomoses should be performed whenever feasible, and muscle free flaps should be preferred in patients at higher risk of major surgical complications.
Evaluating the Dental Hygienists' Exposure to the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Ćwirzeń Waldemar , Wagner Leopold
Published: September 2022

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate dental hygienists' exposure to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), by the worksheets compatible with the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA).

Materials and Methods The research included 272 dental hygienists aged 23 to 52 years from the two administrative regions of Poland.

Statistical Analysis STATISTICA 12 and Microsoft Excel were used to analyse the results. The level of significance was p<0.05. The normality of the distribution was tested with the Shapiro–Wilk test. The relationships between the variables were assessed with the χ2 test. Due to the lack of “normality” of the REBA risk distribution, the Mann–Whitney test was used to verify the hypotheses.

Results Overall, 48.5% of the examined showed a neck flexion >20, torsion of 80.1%, and 37.5% declared the presence of both types of loads. Also, 14.3% of the examined kept a vertical position, 53.7% flexion to the torso up to 20degrees, 31.4% to 60degrees, and 2.1% to >60degrees. Further, 78.3% of people indicated that they twist the torso. Then, 7% marked the low load's arms position, 45.6% marked the range from 20 to 45degrees, and 39.7% marked the range from 45 to 90degrees. Over 55% showed additional load related to the raising or abduction of the shoulders. Overall, 43% showed a wrong position of forearms. Also, 62.9% showed wrists flexed <15° and the rest showed >15degrees. Again, 79% showed additional twisting and flexion of the wrists. Almost 75% of the examined are exposed to overloads associated with the static load. The examined are not exposed to excessive loads resulting from sudden exertion. REBA scores indicate that the negligible MSDs risk concerns 0.7% examined; low risk, 5.5%; medium risk, 33,1%; high risk, 49.3%; and very high risk, 11.4%. The correlation coeffcients analysis showed that exposure risk is strongly correlated with the overloads on the tested parts of the body in both groups.

Conclusion The levels of MSDs risk indicate that hygienists more often should be subjected to periodic check-ups in the workplace. They also need ergonomic interventions (education, preventive technique, physical activity, and improvement of the working environment) and modifications of hygienist's college programs in the field of work ergonomics can be also considered.
In Silico Study of Liquid Smoke Rice Husk against COVID-19
Authors: Arundina Ira , Frimayanti Neni , Surboyo Meircurius D. C. , Budhy Theresia I. , Iskandar Benni , Pradana Arya , Rahmaputry Tytania
Published: September 2022

Objectives Liquid smoke rice husk has been researched and proved to consist of antibacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and growth factor stimulatory properties. By these complex properties, the liquid smoke rice hull is able to purpose as a novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inhibitor. The research was conducted to analyze the role of the dominant compound in rice husk liquid smoke against one of the main proteases in complex with inhibitor N3 of COVID-19 and 6LU7 protein data bank (PDB) ID.

Material
and Methods The Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) 2020.0901 (Chemical computing group) was used to analyzed the interaction. The molecular structure test, including phenol, mequinol, 2-methoxy-phenol, 6-octadecenoic acid, oleic acid, 9-cctadecenoic acid, was chosen. The lopinavir as positive control and 6LU7 as COVID-19 protein were chosen. All the protein analyses were conducted using docking molecular.

Result The phenol, 2-methoxy-phenol, mequinol and 9-octadecenoic acid have higher binding free energy that causes difficult to bind to the active site of protein 6LU7 (−3.4758, −3.5509, −3.6845, and −5.0173 kcal/mol, respectively). The minor component of liquid smoke, such as 6-octadecenoic acid and oleic acid, has the binding free energy (−5,5327 and −5,4208 kcal/mol) and more factor of binding presumably as active COVID-19 inhibitor.

Conclusion The liquid smoke rice husk has active component like 6-octadecenoic acid and oleic acid are presumably as active COVID-19 inhibitor.
Effect of Chitosan and Acrylic Acid Addition to Acrylic Resin on Porosity and Streptococcus mutans Growth in Denture Base
Authors: Ismiyati Titik , Alhasyimi Ananto Ali
Published: September 2022

Objective This work aimed to determine the effect of adding chitosan and acrylic acid to acrylic resin denture base on the porosity of the material and the growth of Streptococcus mutans.

Materials and Methods This study is an experimental laboratory research. Samples were divided into the following three groups (n = 10): group 1 was the control group, group 2 was the acrylic resin mixture with 1% chitosan and acrylate acid, and group 3 was the acrylic resin mixture with 2% chitosan and acrylate acid. S. mutans growth was tested using the dilution method, and porosity was examined using an optical microscope. Data were calculated by one-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05) and correlation analysis.

Results The acrylic resin added with 2% chitosan and acrylic acid showed pores with an almost spherical shape and the smallest size. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed among all the groups. A positive and extremely strong correlation was found between porosity and S. mutans growth.

Conclusion Chitosan and acrylic acid at 1 and 2% concentrations can be added to acrylic resin to minimize the porosity of the denture base and reduce the growth of S. mutans. A less porous denture is associated with a low S. mutans growth rate.
Cancer Diagnoses during Active Conflict: Experience from a Cancer Program in Northwest Syria
Authors: Atassi Bassel , Tse Gina , Mkhallalati Hala , Debel Jamil , Jemmo Ayham , Khalil Molham , Alrahal Yahya , Almalki Monzr , Hamadeh Mufaddal , Tarakji Ahmad , Abbara Aula
Published: September 2022

Background Protracted conflict has destroyed Syria's health system with severe impacts on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic and high-cost diseases including cancer. Here, we review the type and (where possible) the stage of cancers diagnosed in a pathology laboratory serving Northwest Syria.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed all pathology reports which reported a diagnosis of cancer from a pathology department in Northwest Syria from January to December 2020.

Results A total of 397 new cancers were diagnosed during 2020 of which 191 were among males (48.1%) and 20 cases were in children aged 17 years or under (5%). The most common cancer in men was bladder cancer (15.7%) and skin cancers (14.7%) followed by cancers in the lymph nodes (includes primary and secondary; 9.9%.) In women, breast cancer (38.3%) followed by skin cancer skin (9.7%) and uterine cancer (8.7%) was the most common. The overall proportion of cancer diagnoses were breast cancer (20.2%), skin cancer (12.1%), cancer affecting lymph nodes (8.8%), and urinary bladder (8.3%) and colorectal cancer (7.3%).

Discussion This preliminary analysis is the first report of cancer types and demographics in areas outside of government control in Syria since the onset of the conflict. Despite limitations, it presents some indication of the burden of oncological diagnoses in this area. Further research which aims to describe and address the burden of cancer on populations under ongoing conflict and humanitarian crises remains essential, especially in Northwest Syria given ongoing attacks and severe underfunding. There is a particular need to investigate how best to apply interventions and support health systems and cancer services within conflict settings. More support and resources need to be allocated to cancer centers with long-term health partnership models. The underresourced and understaffed conditions of the hospital are significant limits to a more detailed report.