bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pollen analytical reconnaissance of Post glacial deposits from subtropical zone in Nainital district, Kumaon Himalaya
Authors: Gupta H.P.
Published: September 2022

The paper embodies the results of pollen analytical investigations of modern as well as Postglacial sediments from the Naini Tal District in subtropical zone of outer range of Kumaon Himalaya. The study of a series of moss cushions and surface samples from different altitudes in this region has demonstrated that approximately 50% of the total modern vegetation is represented in the pollen spectra. The peat profiles, one each from Naukuchiya Tal and Bhim Tal, have been studied. Based on the fluctuations in the forest plant com- munities it has been possible to recognize four vegetational stages during Holocene time and these are designated by the alphabetical letters as ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’ and ‘d’.

The vegetational history begins with the dominant chir pine woods during Stage ‘a’, which was gradually succeeded by broad-leaved forest constituents during stages ‘b’ and ‘c’ and again into the pine-woods during Stage ‘d’. The three-fold shift in the vegetation reflects on the three-fold climatic fluctuations, viz., cold-warm-cold. The hydrarch succession has also been studied.

The factors responsible for bringing out changes in the vegetational composition such as climatic, edaphic and biotic have been discussed. Efforts have been made to find out the influence of man and animal over the vegetation. The phytogeographical distribution of plant species has also been discussed in detail.
Palaeobotanical researches in the western part of Romania
Authors: Givulescu Razvan
Published: September 2022

The paper presents a synthesis of the palaeobotanical researches from the western part of Romania, mainly Transilvania. The researches refer to the last 25 years namely to the Early Eocene-Late Pleistocene interval. Herein are discussed the respective floras and their succession as interpreted from a palaeoclimatic point of view after the method of the entire margined leaves percentage.
An Upper Cretaceous dinoflagellate assemblage from Vriddhachalam area, Cauvery Basin, South India
Authors: Jain K.P.
Published: September 2022

Present article reports a dinoflagellate assemblage from Vriddhachalam area, Cauvery basin, South India. It includes 13 genera with 14 recognizable species and a single acritarch genus Pterospermopsis. The dominant constituents of the assemblage are: Cordosphaeridium, Cyclonephelium, Areoligera, Spiniferites and Dinogymnium with less common occurrence of Apteodinium, Lanternosphaeridium, Diphyes and Ceratiopsis. The age of the assemblage has been concluded to be uppermost Maestrichtian, may be representing Maestrichtian-Danian transition.
A review of the Upper Permian Glossopteris flora in Western Natal
Authors: Lacey William S.
Published: September 2022

The Upper Permian Glossopteris flora known from Lower Beaufort outcrops in the Bulwer-Mooi River-Bergville area of Western Natal, South Africa, is reviewed. Characteristic taxa (not all present at every locality) include Phyllotheea australis, Sphenophyllum speciosum, coarse-meshed Glossopteris species, Belemnopteris elongata, Eretmonia natalensis, Lidgettonia afrieana, (?) Plumsteadia natalensis, and Rigbya arberioides. Comparisons are made with similar floras in India, Australia and Antarctica. The importance of consultation and collaboration between palaeobotanists studying Gondwana floras is emphasized.
Biometric resolution of Plicatipollenites and Potonieisporites in the Lower Gondwana succession of India
Authors: Lele K.M. , Shukla Manoj
Published: September 2022

Plicatipollenites and Potonieisporites can be distinguished by a new criterion, viz., the "Distal saccus spread". Accordingly, Plicatipollenites belongs to the "Monosaccate group" characterized by "Uniform saccus spread" and Potonieisporites to the "Monosaccoid group" having "Differential saccus spread". The morphological variation in the two populations has been resolved through a multivariate analysis in time and space, covering the Talchir, Karharbari and Barakar span in five Lower Gondwana basins. Suitable 'norms' were selected in the two populations for analysing four parameters of variation, viz. (i) Miospore symmetry, (ii) Tetrad mark, (iii) Body infold symmetry, and (iv) Body symmetry.

With the exception of body symmetry parameter, all other variables show direct correlation in their specific trends. The results demonstrate that the Monosaccate group (Plicatipollenites population) is characterized by a strong association between radial miospores, trilete/triletoid mark and radial body infold system. The whole group indicates a downward trend in time (regression). Contrarily, the mono-saccoid group (Potonieisporites population) is characterized by a strong association between bilateral miospores, monolete/monoletoid mark and bilateral infold system. The group indicates evolutionary progression and an upward rise in time.

The evolutionary aspects of the two populations have been discussed. The relative shift in the frequencies of the norms from Plicatipollenites to Potonieisporites across Talchir to Barakar times provides a means for broad biostratigraphical zonation.
Further observations on Stellotheca robusta Surange anf Prakash
Authors: Maithy P.K. , Mandal J.
Published: September 2022

The present paper deals in detail the morphology of Stellotheca robusta with remarks on the habit and affinities with related genera. The study demonstrates that the leaves in the whorl are distinctly free up to the base.
Vojnovskyales in the Lower Permian of North America
Authors: Mamay Sergius H.
Published: September 2022

Lower Permian rocks of the south-western United States contain dissociated fossil plant parts that suggest the presence of a vojnovskyalean taxon in North America. Leaves, seeds, and especially one incomplete strobiloid organ are suggestive of the original Vojnovskya paradoxa from the Permian of the U.S.S.R. Other reports of Vojnovskya in the U.S.S.R., as well as one from Argentina, are on record.

Vojnovskya is a gymnosperm of uncertain affinities. If definitely established in the future, its presence in the Palaeozoic of the U.S.S.R., North America and South America will present problems of seed-plant evolution and plant dispersal, and may add a modicum to the evidence bearing on distribution of living populations of land organisms.
Macrofragmental fossils and their coalified products in the Permian coals of India
Authors: Navale G.K.B.
Published: September 2022

The Permian coals of India have been formed from variety of macro- and microfragmental remains of fossils. The present paper deals with the types of macrofragmental fossils and their coalified products in the Permian coal formation. Some of the conspicuous macrofragmental fossil components are woody and bark tissues. They appear to have been coalified into vitrain and fusain types by the coalification processes of “vitrinization and fusinization”. A significant fact recognized for the first time from the analytical data of vitrinite and fusinite constituents is the characteristic feature of vitrinite/fusinite (Y/F) ratio in the Permian coals of India, which may not only indicate certain coal properties but also help in dating and correlating the coal seams.
Palynology of the Neogene Quilon beds of Kerala state in South India I - Spores of pteridophytes and pollen of monocotyledons
Authors: Rao K.P. , Ramanujam C.G.K.
Published: September 2022

The paper constitutes the first part of a detailed palynological investigation of the Quilon beds outcropped at Padappakkara, Ec1avai and Paravur in Kerala State. The aim of the investigation was (i) to provide a comprehensive account of the spores and pollen grains of these Neogene sediments of Kerala, (ii) to find out the botanical affinities of the palynofossils recovered in order to interpret the ecological conditions prevalent at the time of the deposition of these sediments, and (iii) to assess the geo- logical age of these beds based on their palynological assemblage. This part deals with the spores of pteridophytes and pollen of monocotyledons. The pteridophytes are represented by Lycopodiaceae, Gleicheniaceae, Ophioglossaceae, Schizaeaceae, Dicksoniaceae and Polypodiaceae, of which Polypodiaceae constitutes the most predominant taxon. Polypodiisporites possessing heavily sculptured (verrucate) spores represents the most abundant member of the pteridophytes. On the whole, the pteridophytic spores of the Quilon microflora are represented by 14 genera and 20 species, of which 10 species constitute new taxa.

Among the monocotyledons, the pollen grains referable to Palmae, Potamogetonaceae, Aroidae, Liliaceae, Lemnaceae and Gramineae have been recovered. Of these, Palmae is the predominant taxon consisting of as many as 10 genera, viz., Palmaepollenites, Arecipites, Couperipollis, Quilonipollenites, Longapertites, Verrumonocolpites, Spinizonocolpites, Paravuripollis, Clavapalmaedites and Dicolpopollis. The fossil pollen grains exhibit particularly significant resemblances with the pollen of Cocos, Hyphaene, Pinanga, Iriartia, Lepidocaryum, Nipa, Calamus and Metroxylon. On the whole, the monocotyledons of the Quilon microflora consist of 17 genera and 27 species, of which 4 genera and 20 species represent new taxa. Among the pollen grains of the monocotyledons, spinascent monosulcate or zonosulcate grains are quite abundant, followed by reticulate monosulcate and disulcate grains.
Palynology in Himalayan stratigraphy
Authors: Sah S.C.D.
Published: September 2022

The paper identifies some of the vexed stratigraphical problems and complex areas in the Himalaya where palynological method could be beneficially applied. Lack of reliable stratigraphic controls has been a major handicap in the recognition and assignation of time-stratigraphic equivalence to many rock sequences in Himalaya. The scope and potentiality of palynology as an effective and reliable tool to help and resolve various types of age and correlation problems in the Complex Himalayan set up is discussed.
Morphological observations on some spores and pollen grains from the Palaeocene subsurface assemblages of Garo Hills, Meghalaya
Authors: Singh R.Y. , Singh H.P.
Published: September 2022

The present paper deals with the morphological observations on some spores and pollen grains recovered from the Nongwalbibra Palaeocene subsurface assemblages of Garo Hills, Meghalaya. One new genus Gurotriletes gen. nov., and 3 new species, viz., G. assamicus sp. nov., G. incompositus sp. nov., and Paleosantalaceaepites giganticus sp. nov. have been described and illustrated. Critical comments On the morphology of some other palynomorphs have also been made. Geology of the area has been briefly reviewed and stratigraphical significance of the previously described assemblages commented upon.
Cyclanthodendron remains from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Trivedi B.S. , Verma C.L.
Published: September 2022

Small, sometimes large remains of Cyclanthodendron, viz., roots, rhizomes, stems, leaf-sheaths and leaves either in organic connection or dispersed have been described from time to time from the Deccan Intertrappean Series of Madhya Pradesh, India by various workers. Fruits with peduncle are being described here for the first time. These attached fruits closely resemble dispersed fruits known as Tricocciles trigonum. The fruit peduncle anatomically is identical with the stem of Cyclanthodendron sahnii. Affinities with living members of the families Cyclanthaceae, Palmae, Pandanaceae and Araceae are discussed in detail and possible relationships have been indicated. From the new evidence adduced here it becomes quite clear that the fossil fruit or for that matter even the stem of Cyclanthodendron cannot be accommodated in any living family of the angiosperms.
Setaria in Ancient plant economy of India
Authors: Vishnu-Mittre  , Savithri R.
Published: September 2022

The paper reports for the first time from India the discovery of spikelets of Setaria spp. It appears that the carbonized grains are represented by Setaria italica, S. viridis and S. verticillata or by unknown species. The material comes from the Harappan site, Surkotada in district Kutch, Gujarat and is radiocarbon dated to 1600 B.C. The identification of these carbonized spikelets is based upon comparative morphological study of ten extant species of Setaria.
Palaeoecology of the Rajasthan desert during the last 10,000 years
Authors: Vishnu-Mittre
Published: September 2022

In the light of fresh and exhaustive information now available on the ecology of vegetation of the Rajasthan desert, the reinterpretation of the published pollen diagrams reveals that there was increasing trend towards dryness until 5,000 years ago and thereafter between 5,000-3,000 years ago the environment was characterized by maximum warmth and dryness and by high velocity winds and dust storms. The precipitation which was within the range of 150-400 mm showed a gradient from the extreme west of the desert to its east. The renewed sand dune activity during the hypsithermal period had encroached upon the eastern tracts of the desert.

The salt lakes which had originated about 10,000 years ago had already high salt content in their waters and during a continuous phase of recession in the entire Holocene rose once between 6,000-5,000 years B.P.

The vegetation had comprised of Calligonum series and Prosopis-Capparis-Ziziphus series in the vicinities of Lunkaransar, Didwana and Sambhar and of Anogeissus-Acacia series in the vicinity of Pushkar lake.

The earliest farming episode did not precede 5,000 years B.P. though inexplicable evidence of burning and disturbance of vegetation preceded it perhaps caused by natural means and grazing of animals.

The subsequent desertification was caused by combined effect of climatic and biotic factors.
The oldest stomata (Paracytic) with paired guard cells
Authors: Banks Harlan P.
Published: September 2022

Stomata of the lycopod Drepanophycus spinaeformis were collected by Lang (1932) in Early Devonian strata of Siegenian age (390-374 million years ago). They are reinterpreted on the basis of a study of stomata from younger (Emsian, Givetian, Frasnian) collections. These plants are shown to have a paracytic stomatal apparatus. Lang therefore found the oldest example of paired guard cells and the oldest occurrence of paracytic stomata among vascular plants.
A palynostratigraphic study of Lower Gondwana sediments from South Karanpura coalfield, Bihar, India
Authors: Bharadwaj D.C. , Tripathi Archana
Published: September 2022

South Karanpura Coalfield is one of the important coalfields in Damodar Valley. The coal bearing strata are dated to be Barakar (Lower Permian) III age. In the present work a comprehensive palynological investigation of these carbonaceous sediments has been done. The mioflora recovered is either dominated by the nonstriate-disaccate or striate-disaccate genera. On the basis of statistical analysis three Assemblage zones are recognized. The basal most ‘Assemblage Zone A’ is characterized by the dominance of Scheuringipollenites associated with Brevitriletes. The middle ‘Assemblage Zone B’ shows the increasing tendency of Faunipollenites and decline of Scheuringipollenites. The youngest ‘Assemblage Zone C’ shows the increase in the percentage of Scheuringipollenites and corresponding decline of Faunipollenites associated with Horriditriletes and Cyclogranisporites. The ‘Assemblage Zone A’ shows broad similarities with the Lower Barakar mioflora of Pench-Kanhan, Korba and Giridih coalfields and the Zone IV of Barakar mioflora of the type area and the mioflora of bore core KB21 (at 405·6 m depth) from North Karanpura Coalfield. The ‘Assemblage Zone B’ shows broad similarities with the Zone V of the Barakar Type area and the assemblage of bore core KBM19 (at 48 m depth) of North Karanpura Coalfield.
On some Cycadophytic leaves from the Jabalpur Series
Authors: Bose M.N. , Zeba-Bano
Published: September 2022

The paper describes a new species of Ctenis (C. imjhiriensis) and three species of Pterophyllum. One of the species of Pterophyllum, viz., P. medlicottianum Oldham & Morris is already known from the Rajmahal Hills, the other has been compared with P. distans Morris also from the Rajmahal Hills and the third species is, so far, not known from anywhere in India. A brief remark has also been made on the occurrence of Glossopteris in the Jabalpur Series.
The nature of Grooved Pavement and Palynology from overlying Talchir and Karharbari sediments in west Bokaro Coalfield, Bihar, India
Authors: Prakash A. , Srivastava S.C. , Tiwari R.S.
Published: September 2022

A sequence of Talchir Formation overlying the polished pavement of metamorphic rocks has been palynostratigraphically studied from the Dudhi River section of West Bokaro Coalfield. The groove-like markings on the pavement, trending S 60ºE in direction, have been observed. The tillite, rafted boulders and the thick laminated shales suggest glacial as well as f1uvio-glacial conditions during Talchir sedimentation. The thin carbonaceous beds, associated with the sandstone at the top of this formation, have been found to contain a Callumispora, Microbaculispora and Parasaccites rich mioflora. Palynologically this resembles the Lower Karharbari miospore assemblages known from other areas. The Talchir mioflora is less diverse while the subsequent one shows significant complexity in quality as well as quantity.
Two Petrified Palm woods from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Mandla District, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Lakhanpal R.N. , Prakash U. , Ambwani K.
Published: September 2022

The present paper deals with the anatomy of two new species of Palmoxylon, P. parapaniensis and P. mandlaensis, collected from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Parapani and Mohgaon in Mandla District, Madhya Pradesh. Palmoxylon parapaniensis shows a prominent lacunar ground tissue throughout the wood and belongs to Cocos-like forms, whereas the ground tissue is compact in P. mandlaensis; this belongs to Corypha- like forms.
Dictyophyllum and Hausmannia from the Lower Cretaceous of Saurashtra, India
Authors: Bose M.N. , Jana B.N.
Published: September 2022

Dictyophyllum indicum n. sp. and Hausmannia pachyderma Sukh-Dev, described here, were collected from clay pits near Than in Saurashtra. Both the species are based on sterile fronds. The overall shape of the sterile segments of D. indicum is more like the fertile segments of D. rugosum Lindley & Hutton.
A fossil dicotyledonous wood from the Pliocene beds of Mothala, District Kutch, Western India
Authors: Awasthi N. , Guleria J.S. , Lakhanpal R.N.
Published: September 2022

A fossil dicotyledonous wood showing closest similarity with the wood of modern Pterospermum Schreb. of the family Sterculiaceae, is described from the Pliocene beds of Mothala, District Kutch. It is named as Pterospermoxylon kutchensis gen. et sp. nov. Fossil woods showing affinities with those of Pterospermum have not been described so far.
Stratigraphical bearing of Megaflora in the Lower Gondwana Succession of Auranga Coalfield, Bihar
Authors: Srivastava A.K.
Published: September 2022

The stratigraphical bearing of the various types of megafossils of the Karharbari, Barakar and Raniganj measures of the Lower Gondwana succession of Auranga Coalfield has been dealt in detail and the comparisons have also been made with the well-known floras of equivalent horizons of India.
Two new Dipterocarpaceous woods from the Cuddalore series near Pondicherry
Authors: Awasthi N.
Published: September 2022

Two new fossil dipterocarpaceous woods have been described from Murattandichavadi near Pondicherry. These show close resemblance with those of Dipterocarpus and Hopea and hence named as Dipterocarpoxylon arcotense sp. nov. and Hopenium pondicherriense gen. et sp. nov. respectively.
Some Pteridophytes from the Jabalpur Formation
Authors: Zeba-Bano
Published: September 2022

In this paper, some pteridophytes are described from the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous rocks of Satpura Basin and Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. These are ?Equisetum sp., Todites indicus (Olah. & Morr.) Bose & Sah, Gleichenites sp., Hausmannia dichotoma Dunker, Cladophlebis medlicottiana (Oldh.) Pascoe, Sphenopteris anderssonii Halle, Sphenopteris sp. cf. S. otagoensis Arber and 2 species of Sphenopteris.
Some fossil gymnosperms from the Satpura basin, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Sukh-Dev  , Zeba-Bano
Published: September 2022

Some gymnospermous plant remains recovered from the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous rocks (Gondwana) of the Hoshangabad and Narsinghpur districts, Madhya Pradesh have been described. These are Pachypteris indica (Oldham & Morris) Bose & Roy, Brachyphyllum eikaiostomum Sukh-Dev & Bose, Brachyphyllum sp., Araucarites cutchensis Feistmantel, A. minutus Bose & Maheshwari and Coniferocaulon rajmahalense Gupta. Of these, P. indica, B. eikaiostomum and B. sp. are in the form of incrustations.
Matonidium cingulatum n. sp. from Kachchh, India
Authors: Zeba-Bano  , Bose M.N.
Published: September 2022

Matonidium cingulatum n. sp. is based on detached sterile and fertile pinnae collected from three different localities in Kachchh. The specimens, in external features, resemble M. goepperti (Ettingshausen) Schenk described by Harris (1961), but they differ from the latter in the details of spore character. In M. cingulatum the spores have a narrow cingulum and they do not show any thickening of exine around the trilete mark.
Pollen grains of Ctenolophonidites from the Neyveli lignites of South India
Authors: Ambwani K. , Bande M.B. , Prakash U.
Published: September 2022

Two species of Ctenolophonidites, C. costatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg (1966) and C. neyveliensis sp. nov., have been described from the Neyveli lignites of South India. The latter is distinct from all the earlier described species.
Reinvestigations of Sapindoxylon Indicum Navale from the Cuddalore series near Pondicherry
Authors: Awasthi N.
Published: September 2022

The affinities of Sapindoxylon indicum, described by Navale (1956) from the Cuddalore Series near Pondicherry, have been revised. In all the anatomical features it shows closest resemblance with the woods of Duabanga of the family Sonneratiaceae but not to those of Sapindaceae. Hence, it is transferred to the genus Duabangoxylon Prakash & Awasthi (1971) and renamed as Duabangoxylon indicum (Navale) comb. nov.
Fossil wood belonging to Sterculiaceae and Lythraceae from the Cuddalore series of Pondicherry
Authors: Awasthi N.
Published: September 2022

Two petrified woods from the Cuddalore Series near Pondicherry are described. One of these shows closest resemblance with the woods of Sterculiaceae and the other with those of Lagerstroemia of Lythraceae. They have been named as Sterculioxylon pondicherriense sp. nov. and Lagerstroemioxylon arcotense sp. nov. respectively.
Sporae dispersae of some Lower and Middle Triassic sediments from Damodar basin, India
Authors: Tiwari R.S. , Rana Vijaya
Published: September 2022

There has been a gradual but definite change in the miofloral pattern from Permian through Triassic sediments in India, which is deduced after a careful circumscription as well as differentiation of organizations in sporae dispersae. The present study concerns the morphotaxonomy of dispersed pollen and spores in some Lower and Middle Triassic depositions in Damodar Valley. Forty-three genera and 76 species have been identified, out of which 4 genera and 17 species were found to be new. Among the newly proposed form genera, Ringosporites is a trilete spore having an equatorial crassitude and a polar or circumpolar distal thickening; Novitasporites has a trilete mark with bi- to multifurcate ray-ends and a perisporial covering; Densostriapollis accommodates non-saccate striated grains with an intexinal layer; Goubinispora is a girdling monosaccate pollen with striations on one face and partly separated exoexinal islands and strips on the other, and variously lobed monosaccus. Taxonomic position of some species have also been discussed. The qualitative significance of certain species forming diagnostic association has been pointed out.
On a new species of Otozamites from Kachchh, Western India
Authors: Bose M.N. , Zeba-Bano
Published: September 2022

The new species of Otozamites, viz., O. walkamotaensis is based on a large number of specimens collected near Walkamota, Kachchh. O. walkamotaensis resembles most, both in gross features as well as cuticular structure, O. obtusus Lindley & Hutton described by Reymanowna (1963).
10th Birbal Sahni Memorial Lecture: The Palms
Authors: Chennaveeraiah M.S.
Published: September 2022

NA
Proof for the synsedimentary biota in Pre-Cambrian shales
Authors: Maithy P.K. , Pflug H.D.
Published: September 2022

Three optical techniques are described to differentiate synsedimentary biota from contaminants and artifacts in Pre-Cambrian shales. These techniques are (a) study of polished rock surface in a dark field in incident light illumination and with the heating on stage microscope in fluorescence light, (b) study of thin sections in interference contrast, and (c) examination of macerated and isolated specimens in Zernike phase-contrast and in interference contrast. Two young Pre-Cambrian shales, one from the Vindhyan Supergroup of India and the other from the Bushimay Group of Zäire have been examined by these techniques. The results demonstrate that both the shale samples contain biota of the synsedimentary deposits.
Fossil algae, Victoria, Australia
Authors: Douglas J.G.
Published: September 2022

The meagre literature on the fossil algae suggests that these plants occurred infrequently in Victoria in the past, but checking of biological and stratigraphical papers and examination of old and new collections shows that they were in fact much more widely distributed than indicated. This paper endeavors to put the fossil alga record into better perspective and is principally a resume of recent discoveries and re-interpretation of old material. It is to be remembered that in the older rocks in particular the nature of the algae makes it difficult to be sure of identification and that many of the markings and structures discussed might well be the result of bioturbation, burrowing, or the remains of nondescript animals. However, in several instances where the evidence strongly indicates the presence of fossil algae, the remains are figured, and affiliations are discussed. Again it will cause no surprise to note that most records are from marine beds.
Mariopteris nervosa: Fact of fake
Authors: Boersma Miente
Published: September 2022

Well-preserved material of Mariopteris from Friedrichsthal (Saar, German Federal Republic) has convinced the author that Mariopteris nervosa (Brongniart, 1834) Zeiller, 1879 emend. Boersma, 1972 must be looked upon as a withered aspect of M. muricata (Sternberg, 1826) Zeiller, 1879 var. dilatata Lutz, 1938. Since up to the present M. nervosa has been regarded as the type species of the form genus Mariopteris Zeiller, 1879 emend. Boersma, 1972 it is here proposed that M. muricata (Sternberg, 1826) Zeiller, 1879 will be the future type species of the genus.
A new species of Arberia from the Lower Gondwana of South Rewa Gondwana basin, India
Authors: Chandra Anil , Srivastava A.K.
Published: September 2022

Arberia surangei sp. nov. has been described from the coal-bearing (Karharbari?) formation of Birsinghpur Pali, Madhya Pradesh. The species of Arberia, so far known from India, are also reviewed.
A new leaf, Glossopteris duocaudata sp. nov., from the late Permian of Cooyal, New South Wales
Authors: Holmes W.B.K.
Published: September 2022

A reticulate-veined leaf with conspicuous basal lobes and having a fructification consisting of an elliptic cluster of sessile naked seeds adnately attached to the petiole is described as Glossopteris duocaudata sp. nov. The sterile leaves are somewhat similar to Belemnopteris elongata Lacey, van Dijk & Gordon-Gray from Natal but differ from the three Indian species of Belemnopteris by the manner in which the secondary venation in the basal lobes arises from the intramarginal vein on the inner sides of the lobes.
Distribution of platyspermic gondwanic seeds
Authors: Millan Jose Henrique
Published: September 2022

The paper contains the stratigraphic and chronological distribution of platyspermic gondwanic seeds in the countries and regions, viz., Brasil, South African Republic, Zaire, Mozambique, Madagascar, Argentina, Antarctica, Australia, and India. Among the species reported, 33 belong to the genus Samaropsis, 12 to the genus Cordaicarpus, 4 to the genus Cornucarpus, and 2 to the genus Alatocarpus, and 1 to the genera Nummulospermum and Eucerospermum.
Phloem histology of Lower Pennsylvanian Psaronius
Authors: Smoot Edith L. , Taylor Thomas N.
Published: September 2022

Phloem anatomy of a Psaronius species is described based on Lower Pennsylvanian coal ball specimens. The phloem tissue completely surrounds the C-shaped xylem strands and is separated from them by a 3-cell wide parenchymatous sheath. The phloem zone consists of a central band of large diameter sieve elements that are bordered by zones of phloem parenchyma on each side. The abaxial phloem tissue is more extensive than the adaxial phloem and contains very small diameter cells which may represent protophloem. The phloem anatomy of Psaronius is compared with that of extant marattialeans.
An unusual new species of Dicranophyllum grand'eury from the Virgilian (Upper Pennsylvanian) of New Mexico, U.S.A.
Authors: Mamay Sergius H.
Published: September 2022

Upper Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) rocks of a lagoonal deposit in the Manzanita Mountains, north-central New Mexico, contain a rich biota of both plants and animals. The plants are mostly typical Pennsylvanian genera, but the assemblage is dominated by a new species of Dicranophyllum (D. readii), characterized by its unusually long leaves. The leaves are slender, consistently twice-bifurcate, and judging from the largest fragments, reached lengths of 75 cm or slightly more. Inasmuch as Dicranophyllum is very rare in North America, this large-leaved new species lends considerable interest to the New Mexico flora and indicates that palaeobotanical exploration in the south-western United States should prove continuingly productive.
Fossil plants from the Kamthi formation of Maharashtra and their biostratigraphic significance
Authors: Chandra Shaila , Prasad M.N.V.
Published: September 2022

Megafossils from the Kamthi beds of Kanhargaon, Chandrapur District, and Bazargaon, Nagpur District of Maharashtra, have been described. From Kanhargaon 5 genera and 19 species belonging to pteridophytes and Glossopteridales are recorded, of which 2 species of Glossopteris are new. From Bazargaon 3 genera with 5 species are described. All the fossils are preserved in the form of impressions. The biostratigraphic importance of Kamthi megaflora has also been discussed by correlating it with the homotaxial floral assemblages of Raniganj and the similar-looking lithological formations of the Handappa area in Orissa and the Triassic megaflora.
Two new species, Araucarioxylon Surangei and A. lathiense of petrified woods from Lower Gondwana strata
Authors: Agashe S.N. , Prasad K.R. , Suresh F.C.
Published: September 2022

Two well-preserved petrified gymnospermous woods from the Lathi locality of the Lower Gondwana (Lower Permian) have been described. The woods have been assigned to the genus Araucarioxylon Kraus. On account of their unique anatomical features, not found in other known species of Araucarioxylon, these have been described as new species, viz., A. lathiense and A. Surangei.
Exine intrastructure of Praecolpatites sinuosus (Balme & Hennelly) Bharadwaj & Srivastava, 1969, and Marsupipollenites triradiatus Balme & Hennelly, 1956
Authors: Foster C.B. , Price P.L.
Published: September 2022

Transmission electron micrograph studies of pollen grains Praecolpatites sinuosus (Balme & Hennelly) and Marsupipollenites triradiatus Balme & Hennelly, from the Permian of eastern Australia, show that these species have a two-layered exine. In each species, the inner layer (intexine) is laminated, suggesting that they belong to the gymnosperms; the outer layer (exoexine) is structured by small, irregularly shaped intraexinal cavities, and is described as incipient-alveolate. Their exinal structure is closely comparable with that of pollen of certain extant, primitive angiosperms (Magnoliaceae) reported by Walker.
The affinities of the Pentoxyleae
Authors: Rao A.R.
Published: September 2022

The medley of characters found in the different components of the Pentoxyleae is discussed. It is pointed out that at the present state of our knowledge of the morphology and anatomy of this group, it is not possible to refer it exclusively to any known group of plants. It is also pointed out that in view of the mixture of characters it shows, it can be only regarded as an isolated synthetic group, showing some features in common with Pteridospermales, Cycadales, Bennettitaleales, Ginkgoales, and Coniferales.
Pollen Classopolis: Indicator of Jurassic and Cretaceous climates
Authors: Vakhrameev V.A.
Published: September 2022

Pollen Classopollis belonging to the extinct coniferalean family Cherolepidiaceae are widely spread in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The material from the USSR provides the most detailed data on the quantitative distribution of the pollen. A low content (1-10%) of Classopollis suggests temperate climatic conditions, whereas a percentage (20-50%) reveals warm subtropical one. The highest content attaining 60-75 % or even 90 % (in Oxfordian of the USSR southern regions) testifies to an arid climate. Thus the distribution of the pollen plotted against that of lithological indicators of the climate allows to reveal climatic belts for the different epochs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous and to establish climatic fluctuation during this time.
Palaeogene palynostratigraphy of Simla Hills
Authors: Singh H.P.
Published: September 2022

The Palaeogene succession of Simla Hills consists of Subathu, Dagshai and Kasauli formations in ascending order of stratigraphy. The palynostratigraphical information developed from the marine sequence of Subathu sediments throws light on the dating potential of the assemblages and also on the distributional pattern of various palynomorphs. Dependable palynological parameters in effecting correlation of various sections of the formation have been discussed. Reflections on the palynological spectra across the Subathu-Dagshai boundary and in the Kasauli Formation have been made.
Triphyletic evolution of vascular plants
Authors: Asama Kazuo
Published: September 2022

Permian Shansi flora reveals the relation between the change of plants and the environments which is shown in the principles of Growth Retardation (abbreviated G. R.). The changes of plants in Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic are all explained by the principles of G. R., not by the principles of Growth Acceleration, which means that the environments in geological age must have been changed to the more and more unsuitable environments for the growth of plants. These environmental changes indicate the palaeoclimatic change of increasing annual range of temperature. To adapt to these climatic changes the plants might have to change successively their form and function through geological age. We call these changes - evolution. Therefore the plants might have to change their form and function grading up from spore-stage (pteridophyte) to angiosperm-stage through gymnosperm-stage.

Palaeozoic pteridophytes have three lineages, namely, Lycopsida (have microphyll), Sphenopsida (have articulate stem) and Pteropsida (have macrophyll). The plants of these three lineages in Palaeozoic must have changed parallelly their form and function grading up from spore-stage to angiosperm-stage through ages. Therefore it is reasonable to recognize the evolution of three lineages, Microphyta, Arthrophyta and Macrophyta.
Some Pteridophytes from the Jabalpur Formation
Authors: Zeba-Bano
Published: September 2022

In this paper, some pteridophytes are described from the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous rocks of Satpura Basin and Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. These are ?Equisetum, Todites indicus (Olah. & Morr.) Bose & Sah, Gleichenites sp., Hausmannia dichotoma Dunker, Cladophlebis medlicottiana (Oldh.) Pascoe, Sphenopteris anderssonii Halle, Sphenopteris sp. cf. S. otagoensis Arber and 2 species of Sphenopteris.
Pachypteris Haburensis n.sp. and other plant fossils from the Pariwar Formation
Authors: Bose M.N. , Kumaran K.P.N. , Banerji J.
Published: September 2022

Fossil plant remains collected from the Pariwar Formation, exposed about 1 km east of Habur Village, are described here. The floral assemblage at Habur is dominated by a new species of Pachypteris (P. haburensis). Besides, the assemblage comprises a fertile species of Gleichenia, Pachypteris sp., Taeniopteris spatulata McClelland, Ginkgo sp., Elatocladus tenerrima (Feistmantel) Sahni, Pagiophyllum spp., Araucarites sp. cf. A. cutchensis Feistmantel, Coniferocaulon rajmahalense Gupta and a ‘flower-like organ.
Palynology of the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Rajahmundry district, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Ambwani K.
Published: September 2022

Palynological studies of the Deccan Intertrappean beds from the village Kotta Bommuru, Rajahmundry District have yielded some fungal spores and angiospermous pollen. These are represented by 7 genera belonging to 12 species. Three new species of fungal spores have been described.
Fossil dicotyledonous woods from the Tertiary of Blue Nile Valley, Ethiopia
Authors: Prakash U. , Awasthi N. , Lemoigne Y.
Published: September 2022

Six species belonging to five dicotyledonous families have been described here from a collection of petrified woods made from the Tertiary (Mio-Pliocene) pyroclastic deposits of the basalt on the southern side of Canon in Blue Nile Valley. They are Mammeoxylon lanneoides Lemoigne emend. of Guttiferae, Cassinium ethiopicum sp. nov. of Leguminosae, Sapotoxylon multiporosum sp. nov. of Sapotaceae, Stereospermoxylon eoacuminatissimum gen. et sp. nov., S. grambasti sp. nov. of Bignoniaceae and Vitexoxylon africanum sp. nov. of Verbenaceae.
Sclerococcus: a new type of fossil alga from the Jutogh `E', Simla Hills
Authors: Maithy P.K. , Bhargava O.N.
Published: September 2022

A new type of fossil alga, Sclerococcus gen. nov., is recorded from the Jutogh ‘E’ Member of the Simla area. The alga is characterized by the presence of sclerotic thickenings on the cells.
Lithostratigraphy and structure of the Hutar Coalfield, Palamau district, Bihar
Authors: Shukla M.
Published: September 2022

Various traverses have been taken along the different Nala and stream courses to study the Lower Gondwana sediments in the Hutar Coalfield. Details of the lithology of the individual bed are presented. A generalized succession of the beds in Talchir, Karharbari and Barakar formations, present in the coalfield, has been worked out and lithological description of various members and formations is given. Besides, a general idea of the structure of the area is given. The Karharbari Formation has also been demarcated in this coalfield for the first time.
Precambrian and Palaeozoic floras from the Himalaya: A review
Authors: Lele K.M. , Maithy P.K.
Published: September 2022

Records of organo-sedimentary structures and microbiota from Precambrian and mega- and micro-flora from the Early and Late Palaeozoic of the Himalaya are reviewed with a brief discussion on the problems and future prospects in the area.
Tertiary Palynology of the Himalaya - A review
Authors: Singh H.P.
Published: September 2022

Palynomorph assemblages recovered from the Tertiary rocks of the Himalayas have been reviewed. Most of the Tertiary palynological information available till today has been developed from the western Himalayas. A beginning seems to have been made in regard to the development of the Tertiary palynology of the eastern Himalayas, particularly from Arunachal Pradesh. On the basis of palynomorph assemblages, some workers have attempted to establish palynological succession both in the Lower and Upper Tertiary rocks of western Himalayas. Palynological evidence have also been used in the interpretation of the environment of deposition, dating, and correlation of strata and palaeoclimates. The present paper reviews the status of the Tertiary palynology of the Himalayas and evaluates some of the assemblages in regard to their applied aspects.
A monocotyledonous inflorescence from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India
Authors: Lakhanpal R.N. , Prakash U. , Bande M.B.
Published: September 2022

A monocotyledonous inflorescence, Monocotylostrobus bracteatus gen. et sp. nov. are described from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaon Kalan, Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh. Although the exact affinities of the inflorescence could not be ascertained, a close relationship with the families Palmae and Liliaceae is indicated.
Morphological and structural studies on some Barakar megaspores
Authors: Lele K.M. , Srivastava A.K.
Published: September 2022

The paper describes megaspores belonging to the genera Srivastavaesporites, Trilaevipellitis, Jhariatriletes, Talchirella, and Barakarella gen. nov. recovered from the Lower Barakar shales of Churulia area, East Raniganj Coalfield, West Bengal. Megaspores have been studied both under dry as well as under wet conditions through controlled maceration. The exosporium and inner body have been found in all the megaspores. Particular attention has been given to the morphological features of the inner body and their taxonomic value is stressed. Barakarella gen. nov. is characterized by a baculose exosporium and cushioned inner body.
Fossil dicotyledonous woods from the Deccan Intertrappean beds near Shahpura, Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Bande M.B. , Prakash U.
Published: September 2022

Four fossil dicotyledonous woods, viz., Sterculioxylon shahpurensis Bande & Prakash, Burseroxylon preserratum Prakash & Tripathi, Heyneoxylon tertiarum Bande & Prakash, and Dracontomelumoxylon mangiferumoides Ghosh & Roy have been described here from a recently discovered rich Deccan Intertrappean exposure near Shahpura in Mandla District of Madhya Pradesh. These fossil woods are closely comparable with the woods of Sterculia of Sterculiaceae, Bursera of Burseraceae, Heynea of Meliaceae and Dracontomelum of Anacardiaceae and suggest the presence of a rich forest flora in the Mandla region during the Early Tertiary times.
Palmoxylon shahpuraensis sp. nov., a fossil palm resembling Licuala from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mandla District, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Ambwani K.
Published: September 2022

Palmoxylon shahpuraensis sp. nov., a petrified palm wood showing close resemblance with the extant Licuala belonging to sabaloid group of Palmae, has been described here. The specimen was collected from the Deccan Intertrappean beds near the village Ghugua in Mandla District. It shows compact to spongy nature of the ground tissue with usually one to two metaxylem vessels in dermal, two in subdermal and central zones and the absence of the fibrous bundles in the stem.
Palmoxylon ghuguensis sp. nov. resembling Chrysalidocarpus from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mandla District in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Ambwani K. , Prakash U.
Published: September 2022

Palmoxylon ghuguensis sp. nov. showing close resemblance with the extant Chrysalidocarpus lutescens has been described from the Deccan Intertrappean beds near the village Ghugua. It shows characteristic divided phloem placed above the metaxylem in the fibrovascular bundles.
11th Birbal Sahni Memorial Lecture: Status and position of Hornworts
Authors: Chopra R.S.
Published: September 2022

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Some fossil woods from the Tertiary of Kachchh, Western India
Authors: Guleria J.S.
Published: September 2022

Fossil woods resembling the modern genera Dipterocarpus Gaertn. L, Sterculia Linn., Terminalia Linn. and a species of Palmoxylon Schenk are described from the probable Pliocene (Kankawati Series) beds of district Kachchh, Gujarat. They represent the families Dipterocarpaceae, Sterculiaceae, Combretaceae and Palmae respectively. The modern comparable forms of the fossil species indicate a more humid climate at the time of deposition contrary to the present-day arid conditions in Kachchh.
Microbiota from Vindhyan Supergroup of the Karauli-Sapotra region of North-Eastern Rajasthan, India
Authors: Maithy P.K. , Mandal J.
Published: September 2022

Microbiota comprising algae, acritarcha and a few taxa of unassignable affinities from the Semri, Rewa and Bhander groups of Vindhyan Supergroup in Karauli-Sapotra area is recorded. The assemblage comprises eleven genera of algae and four genera of acritarcha. Of these, two genera, viz., Saccifera and Vindhyacapsiopsis are new. The microbiota assemblage shows a gradual increase in morphological complexity from older to younger horizons, though the number of forms is scanty.
Fungal remains from Neyveli Lignites, South India
Authors: Ambwani K.
Published: September 2022

The fungal remains recovered from Neyveli Lignite, South India include a few fungal spores as well as fruiting bodies belonging to Myxomycetes, Chytridiales, Deuteromycetes, Microthyriaceae and Ascomycetes. Attempts have been made to trace out their affinities with the present forms. The forms which are not assignable to any modern forms are kept under the artificial classification.
Lithostratigraphy and palynostratigraphy of the Lower Gondwana formation in the Hutar Coalfield, Palamau District, Bihar
Authors: Shukla Manoj
Published: September 2022

The paper deals with the various aspects of lithostratigraphy of the Hutar Coalfield alongwith the palynoflora recovered from the various formations. The palynozonation of the Lower Gondwana formations has been done on the basis of palynofloras recovered from the samples belonging to three measured sections along Deori Nala, Saphi Nala and Koel River. Extension of these zones in various other nalas of the Hutar Coalfield has been traced. A comparison of these palynozones with those in other Lower Gondwana coalfields has also been done. Assemblage Zone 5 of the Barakar Formation contains a palynoflora similar to the Barren-Measure Formation of other coalfields.
A fossil fan from the Liyan formation of Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir)
Authors: Lakhanpal R.N. , Prakash Gyan , Thussu J.L. , Guleria J.S.
Published: September 2022

A fossil palm based on truly palmate leaves is described from the Liyan Formation (Miocene) of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir. It has been identified with the genus Trachycarpus H. Wendl. and assigned to a new species, T. ladakhensis. It is the first megafossil record of a member of the temperate element which seems to have entered the Himalayas during the Miocene from the mainland of Asia in the north.
Utkalia dichotoma gen. et. sp. nov. - A fossil fructification from the Kamthi formation of Orissa, India
Authors: Chandra Shaila
Published: September 2022

Utkalia dichotoma gen. et sp. nov. is a possible seed-bearing fossil fructification. The main axis of the fructification is dichotomously branched, each dichotomy bearing mostly alternatel atral branches. The lateral branches further dichotomize and the altimate branches bear seeds singly.
Palynological investigation of the Arabian sea: Pollen/spores from the recent sediments of the continental shelf off Bombay, India
Authors: Ratan R. , Chandra Anil
Published: September 2022

The palynological analysis of 22 bottom sediments from the continental shelf off Bombay shows mixed pollen spectra which is the reflection of the adjoining mangroves, tropical evergreens and the mixed deciduous type of vegetation. Herbaceous pollen and pteridophytic spores dominate over the trees in all the samples. It has been observed that the palynomorphs in the sediments from station numbers 22 to 28 are derived from the vegetation of the Saurashtra coast, while in other samples from station numbers 1 to 4, 5 to 15 and 20, the pollen appear to have been derived from the Bombay coast vegetation. The quantitative analysis of the assemblage shows comparatively higher frequency of pollen/spores in the samples collected from near the coast. Corroded grains have been found in all the samples and their percentage is higher in the samples collected from near the coast between Bombay and Marmugao.