bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technique and technology of combined processing of solid waste
Authors: Nazarov Vyacheslav , Sandu Roman , Makarenkov Dmitriy
Published: April 2020

The educational manual provides information about industrial and domestic waste. The properties of the lithosphere and the soil components. The estimation of soil pollution by industrial and household waste. The peculiarities of classification of wastes and provides criteria for determining risk. Describe the General pattern of the combined methods of processing that use mechanical, physical, thermal and biothermal recycling processes. In detail the construction described granulating equipment, methods of intensification of processes, process flow sheets and engineering calculation methods. Special attention is given to the thermal methods of waste treatment, process lines, constructions of furnaces and reactors. On the basis of the system approach with use of data of environmental monitoring are considered the methodology for selecting the most available technology.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Intended for independent work of undergraduates majoring in 20.04.01 "Technospheric safety" (master level), 20.03.01 "Technosphere safety" (bachelor level), 18.03.01 "Chemical technology" 18.03.02 "Energy and resource saving processes in chemical technology, petrochemistry and biotechnology". Can be useful for engineers and technicians of chemical industry and related industries.
GALACTIC COSMIC RAY ANISOTROPY MODELLING
Authors: Peregudov Dmitriy , Soloviev Anatoly , Yashin Igor , Shutenko Victor
Published: April 2020

We calculate the angular distribution of cosmic rays at a given point of the heliosphere under the assumption that the incoming flux from outer space is isotropic. The static magnetic field is shown to cause no anisotropy provided that the observation point is situated out of the trapped particle area. We consider a coronal ejection model in the form of a static cylinder with an axial homogeneous magnetic field inside. We calculate angular distribution samples in the trapped particle area (inside the cylinder) and show that there is a certain cone of directions with a reduced flux. For the same model with the moving cylinder, the angular distribution samples are calculated for different positions of the observation point outside the cylinder. Anisotropy of order of the ejection to light velocity ratio is shown to arise. The calculated samples are in qualitative agreement with URAGAN muon hodoscope data.
SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF AZIMUTHALLY SMALL-SCALE MHD WAVES IN ONE-DIMENSIONALLY INHOMOGENEOUS FINITE PRESSURE PLASMA WITH CURVED FIELD LINES
Authors: Petrashchuk Aleksandr , Klimushkin Dmitriy
Published: April 2020

We have studied propagation of hydromagnetic (MHD) waves in one-dimensionally inhomogeneous finite pressure plasma with curved field lines. Magnetic surfaces are considered to be concentric cylinders, where the cylinder’s radius models the radial coordinate in Earth’s magnetosphere. The waves are supposed to be azimuthally small-scale. In this approximation there are only two MHD modes — Alfvén and slow magnetosonic (SMS). We have derived an ordinary differential equation for the spatial structure of the wave field in this model. We have examined the character of the singularity on the surface of Alfvén and SMS resonances and the influence of field line curvature on them. We have determined wave transparent regions. The SMS transparent region was found to essentially broaden as compared to the straight field line case. The very existence of the Alfvén transparent region is caused by the field line curvature and finite plasma pressure; otherwise, the wave structure is represented by a localized resonance.
The Application of Internet of Things in Metering the Consumption of Utilities in the Czech Republic
Authors: Sladek Pavel , Maryska Milos , Nedomova Lea , Doucek Petr
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This article proposes and analyses the potential use of IoT solutions for detecting water consumption not only from technical, but also from the business and financial points of view. This topic is important because by solving this problem, companies may save a lot of money and this paper provides financial analysis, which answers question, if the implementation is or is not meaningful.Methodology/Approach: Source data used in this paper come from an extensive survey among fifty experts from the energy supply industry in the Czech Republic during two-round workshops. One of the most attractive application has been appointed “monitoring of utility consumption” – for this article the water metering.Findings: We have reached the conclusion that an isolated implementation of IoT technologies is much more expensive than the current solution that are based on human labour, periodical inspections of meters by people. This is caused mainly by high prices of the sonic/mechanical metering devices supporting IoT functionality.Research Limitation/implication: Workshops and research work were realised in conditions in the Czech Republic. Principles of application opportunities and of its implementation are general, but the final decisions about their importance can be influenced by the specifics and situation in the Czech Republic.Originality/Value of paper: The value of the paper comes from the workshops where were defined important application opportunities for definition of the priority for each of defined application opportunities.
Modelling of an Additive 3D-Printing Process Based on Design of Experiments Methodology
Authors: Eguren José Alberto , Esnaola Aritz , Unzueta Gorka
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The implementation of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D-printer manufacturing for technical prototyping, preproduction series and short production series can bring benefits in terms of reducing cost and time to market in product development. These technologies are beginning to be applied in different industrial sectors and have a great possibility of development. As these technologies are still in development, there is a need to define the capacity of the 3D machines to establish minimum standards for producing high-quality parts.Methodology/Approach: The proposed methodology is based on a design of experiments (DOE) approach, which serves as a guide for engineers when it comes to executing any experimental study. The following steps were followed (Unzueta et al., 2019): Phase 1: define; Phase 2: measure; Phase 3: plan; Phase 4: execute experimentation; Phase 5: analyse the results; Phase 6: improve via confirmation experiments; Phases 7-8: control and standardise.Findings: The proposed methodology is based on a design of experiments (DOE) approach, which serves as a guide for engineers when it comes to executing any experimental study. The following steps were followed (Unzueta et al., 2019): Phase 1: define; Phase 2: measure; Phase 3: plan; Phase 4: execute experimentation; Phase 5: analyse the results; Phase 6: improve via confirmation experiments; Phases 7-8: control and standardise.Originality/Value of paper: This study uses a methodological approach to demonstrate how the 3D printing technology can be enriched with statistical testing techniques (DOE). It defines numerical prediction models to obtain high-quality parts with a new AM technology, using a planning process with a minimum amount of experimentation.
Exploring Uncharted Territory: Knowledge Search Processes in the Origination of Outlier Innovation
Authors: Kneeland Madeline K. , Schilling Melissa A. , Aharonson Barak S.
Published: April 2020

Most innovation builds closely on existing knowledge and technology, delivering incremental advances on existing ideas, products, and processes. Sometimes, however, inventors make discoveries that seem very distant from what is known and well understood. How do individuals and firms explore such uncharted technological terrain? This paper extends research on knowledge networks and innovation to propose three main processes of knowledge creation that are more likely to result in discoveries that are distant from existing inventions: long search paths, scientific reasoning, and distant recombination. We explore these processes with a combination of a large and unique data set on outlier patents filed at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and interviews with inventors of outlier patents. Our exploratory analysis suggests that there are significant differences in the inventor teams, assignees, and search processes that result in outlier patents. These results have important implications for managers who wish to encourage a more exploratory search for breakthrough innovation.
Monitoring the early pregnancy
Authors: Morganti Monica
Published: April 2020

Monitoring of the early pregnancy is an important aspect of stud medicine practice. This article provides an overview of a common routine examination schedule adopted in the early stages of equine pregnancy, and discusses why pregnancy examination should be performed early plus at specific intervals thereafter. A description (with pictures) of the most common ultrasonographic indicators of pregnancy loss found during the examination is provided, together with some treatment options currently adopted. Because of the limitations of diagnostic ability, and incomplete understanding around early pregnancy loss, treatment options for this condition can be controversial. Finally, how to effectively diagnose and manage twins is discussed, with an understanding of how natural reduction can play its part.
The relationship between temperature and hip and wrist fracture incidence
Authors: Johnson NA , Stirling ERB , Alexander M , Dias JJ
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Predicting when fracture incidence will rise assists in healthcare planning and delivery of preventative strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperature and the incidence of hip and wrist fractures.

Methods

Data for adults presenting to our unit with a hip or wrist fracture over a seven and eight-year period respectively were analysed. Incidence rates were calculated and compared with meteorological records. A Poisson regression model was used to quantify the relationship between temperature and fracture rate.

Results

During the respective study periods, 8,380 patients presented with wrist fractures and 5,279 patients were admitted with hip fractures. All women (≥50 years: p<0.001; <50 years: p<0.001) and men aged ≥50 years (p=0.046) demonstrated an increased wrist fracture rate with reduced temperature. Men aged <50 years also had an increased wrist fracture rate with increased temperature (p<0.001). The hip fracture rate was highest in women aged ≥50 years but was not associated with temperature (p=0.22). In men aged ≥50 years, there was a significant relationship between reduced temperature and increased fracture rate (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Fragility fracture of the wrist is associated with temperature. Compared with an average summer, an additional 840 procedures are performed for wrist fractures during an average winter in our trust with an additional 798 bed days taken up at a cost of £3.2 million. The winter increase seen in male hip fracture incidence requires approximately 888 surgical procedures, with 18,026 bed days, and costs £7.1 million. Hip fracture incidence in older women is not related to temperature.
Pre-radiotherapy presenting dental status of the three most common head and neck cancer subsites in a novel radiation era
Authors: Patel Vinod , Patel Dipesh , Browning Timothy , Patel Sheelen , McGurk Mark , Sassoon Isabel , Guerrero Urbano Teresa , Fenlon Michael
Published: April 2020

Oral profiles of head and neck cancer patients vary substantially, for this reason dental protocols should be tailored accordingly.
Polarization-independent toroidal dipole resonances driven by symmetry-protected BIC in ultraviolet region
Authors: Wang Xinfeng , Li Shiyu , Zhou Chaobiao
Published: April 2020

Optical resonances have gained great attention in nanophotonics attributing to their large enhancement of local field. In this work, we investigate polarization-independent toroidal dipole responses governed by bound state in the continuum (BIC) in the ultraviolet region. By introducing symmetry breaking, an asymmetric dielectric nanohole array is employed to excite two symmetry-protected BICs. Far-field contribution and near-field analysis are performed to demonstrate the dominant role of toroidal dipole in the above two modes. Our design shows the same responses under incident plane wave with different polarizations. The calculated enhancement factors also validate that these resonances can produce strong local field enhancement. Our work may provide a route towards resonators with polarization-independent responses and good performance.
Bars, banality, mierda and love: The struggle for (comm)unity in the Costa Rican film El regreso/The Return (2011)
Authors: Severyn Greg C.
Published: April 2020

This article explores how Costa Rican Hernán Jiménez’s El regreso/The Return (Jiménez, 2011) expresses a vision of community predicated on belonging, home, love and forgiveness reminiscent of the idea of a collective, revolutionary love in twentieth-century Central America. I argue, however, that the film’s idealistic vision contradicts itself by defining community through persistent images of bars and shit compounded by a pronounced sociopolitical disengagement. In turn, a fractured (comm)unity results, where social violence and inequality are perpetuated. This article places El regreso into dialogue with Laura Podalsky’s ideas on affect in Latin American cinema, Michael Billig’s banal nationalism and Julia Kristeva’s abject in order to explore how the film’s proposal might be reframed on more sustainable terms. The film’s world-view and affective appeal, I argue, also tangibly manifest via the Kickstarter campaign that funded the project.
The time of the (orphan) child: Viewing Carla Simón’s Estiu 1993/Summer 1993 (2017) with Carlos Saura’s Cría cuervos/Raise Ravens (1976)
Authors: Davis Stuart
Published: April 2020

The archetype of the orphan has a long history in the western cultural imaginary. In need of culturally and politically legitimized familial structures to ensure the child’s moral and physical needs are met, substitute parental figures loom large in narratives of orphanhood where the (anti-)hero comes good. This article will consider the presentation of female orphans in two films: Carla Simón’s Catalan film Estiu 1993/Summer 1993 (Simón, 2017) presents the story of Frida, who has just lost her parents to AIDS and is relocated to her aunt and uncle’s rural family home, while Saura’s celebrated Cría cuervos/Raise Ravens (Saura, 1976) focuses on Ana, one of three sisters recently orphaned and now under the care of their aunt in late-Francoist Madrid. The article will examine the similarities between the two films’ thematic and formal approaches to the subject matter, attending to their respective socio-historical contexts.
Ancient Perspectives on Technology
Authors: Postiglione Enrico
Published: April 2020

Dossier Editorial
The Techne of Nutrition in Ancient Greek Philosophy
Authors: Preus Anthony
Published: April 2020

The preparation of food and nutrition is a pervasive techne in the classical Greek world. Indeed, food technology may be a defining characteristic of humanity (Levi-Strauss, 1964). We begin with a glimpse of a tension in the use of the word techne in relation to the preparation of food in Plato’s Gorgias 462d-e. Turning to the Presocratics, we discern three distinct perspectives on food, those of Empedocles, Anaxagoras, and the treatise Regimen (Περὶ Διαίτης). In Regimen, we find an anticipation of the distinctions made by Plato in the Gorgias passage, and trace some of the implications in what we may call the “food technology” of this treatise that manages to be both philosophical and technically informative.
Theurgy and Transhumanism
Authors: Steinhart Eric
Published: April 2020

Theurgy was a system of magical practices in the late Roman Empire. It was applied Neoplatonism. The theurgists aimed to enable human bodies to assume divine attributes, that is, to become deities. I aim to show that much of the structure of theurgical Neoplatonism appears in transhumanism. Theurgists and transhumanists share a core Platonic-Pythagorean metaphysics. They share goals and methods. The theurgists practiced astrology, the reading of entrails, the consultation of oracles, channeling deities, magic, and the animation of statues. The transhumanist counterparts of those practices are genetics, self-tracking with biosensors, artificial intellects like Google and Siri, brain-computer interfaces, programming, and robotics. Transhumanist techno-theurgy shows how Neoplatonism can be a modern philosophical way of life.
The Mediating Role of Distributive Justice, Procedural Justice, and Organizational Citizen Behavior in the Influence of Strategic Performance Measurement System on Employee Performance in the Indonesian Ministry of Finance
Authors: Prihatiningtias Yeney Widya , Julianto Sofyan Wijaya
Published: April 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of the Strategic Performance Measurement System (SPMS) on the employeesâ€™ performance through distributive justice, procedural justice, and Organizational Citizen Behavior (OCB) as the mediating variables. The respondents are the staffs and junior supervisors at the General Directorate of Treasury (GDT) of the Ministry of Finance, one of the agencies initiating the implementation of SPMS in the Indonesian public sector institution. Two hundred forty-nine data were collected using a survey method. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation model. The results show that SPMS directly affect the employeesâ€™ performance and significantly has a positive effect on distributive justice and procedural justice. Distributive justice has a positive impact on procedural justice. Procedural justice itself has a positive impact on OCB. Furthermore, OCB has a positive impact on employee performance. In addition, the effect of SPMS on the employeesâ€™ performance is mediated by distributive justice, procedural justice, and OCB. Besides that, the relationship can also be mediated only by procedural justice and OCB. Both alternatives show a complementary partial mediation relationship. This implies that the remuneration rubric, as the reflection of SPMS, needs to be matched with the individual and job characteristics, supported by the senior supervisors as the policy makers.
Dead Labor
Authors: Creighton Hannah Olson
Published: April 2020

My pop was always working on our house, a shack that was all my parents could afford in the great hunger for homeownership that came after the Second World War. But nothing ever quite got finished, either for lack of funds or motivation. But if he wasn't quite a craftsman himself, he admired craft. He was moved by the effort and intricacy of how things were made. 'Honey, look at this old wooden chest with these lovely silver handles. Think of all the work that was done to this thing by someone's hands.'
Neuronale Netze und sozialverträgliche Technikgestaltung
Authors: Frederichs Günter
Published: April 2020

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European Report on Science and Technology Indicators 1994
Authors: Editorial office TATuP
Published: April 2020

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Perbandingan Efektifitas Metode Elektrokoagulasi dan Destilasi Terhadap Penurunan Beban Pencemar Fisik Pada Air Limbah Domestik
Authors: Muliyadi Muliyadi , Sowohy Idayani Sangadji
Published: April 2020

Latar belakang: Penghasil limbah cair terbesar di Indonesia umumnyaberasal dari rumah tangga. Saat ini, dirasa perlu untuk mengembangkan metode penanganan limbah cair domestic Metode: jenis ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental sederhana dengan rancangan post test only group control design. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektifitas metode elektrokoagulasi dan destilasi dalam menurunkan beban pencemar fisik pada limbah cair domestic. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh limbah cair yang ada di parit perumahan dagymoi tubo. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 10 liter limbah cair yang ada di parit perumahan dagymoi tubo . teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling.Hasil: TDS pada perlakuan destilasi menurun sebesar 81,73% (295 mg/l) sedangkan TDS pada elektrokoagulasi menurun sebesar 53,60 % (749 mg/ l) dan TSS pada destilasi menurun sebesar 97,7% (46 mg/l) dibandingkan TSS pada elektrokoagulasi menurun sebesar 74,69 %(505 mg/l).Simpulan: Perlakuan dengan menggunakan destilasi lebih efektif dalam menurunkan kadar TDS dan TSS pada limbah cair domestic.ABSTRACTTitle: Comparison of the Effectiveness of Electrocoagulation and Distillation Methods in Reducing Physical Pollutant in Domestic WastewaterBackground: in general, the biggest producers of domestic wastewater in indonesia comes from household. Nowaday, the handling of domestic wastewater is needed to be improved. Methods: this type of research is a simple experimental study with a post test only group control design. This research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the electrocoagulation and distillation methods in reducing physical pollutants in domestic wastewater. The population in this study is all of the wastewater in the dagymoitubo residence trench. The sample in this study was 10 liters of wastewater in the dagymoitubo residence trench. Sample taking technique using purposive sampling technique.Results: TDS in distillation treatment decreased by 81.73% (295 mg / l) while TDS in electrocoagulation decreased by 53.60% (749 mg / l) and TSS in distillation decreased by 97.7% (46 mg / l) compared to TSS in electrocoagulation decreased by 74.69% (505 mg / l).Conclusion: Treatment using distillation is more effective in reducing levels of TDS and TSS in domestic  wastewater.
Badania radykalizacji kobiet do terroryzmu dżihadystycznego
Authors: Gasztold Aleksandra
Published: April 2020

Celem artykułu jest analiza partycypacji kobiet w ruchach dżihadystycznych z uwzględnieniem perspektyw feministycznych. Hipotezą artykułu jest przypuszczenie, że czynniki warunkujące i inicjujące fascynację przemocą polityczną mogą być inne u kobiet i młodych dziewcząt niż u mężczyzn. Szczególne znaczenie mają uwarunkowania kulturowe i społeczne oraz postrzegane role kobiet w danych społecznościach. Ukazano specyfikę socjalizacji kobiet do przemocy politycznej, nie w kontraście do radykalizacji mężczyzn, ale jako uzupełnienie badań nad terroryzmem. Wykazane zostały przesłanki warunkujące radykalizację postaw i zachowań kobiet, w tym czynniki indywidualne, popychające oraz podtrzymujące zaangażowanie w terroryzm (push and pull factors). W artykule zostały zastosowane metody badań teoretycznych (klasyfikacja i systematyzacja, weryfikacja), metody ogólnologiczne (analiza, synteza, indukcja, dedukcja) i metody empiryczne (obserwacja pośrednia) oraz inne metody typowe dla nauk społecznych: statystyczna, komparatywna, opisowa, analizy i krytyki źródeł oraz piśmiennictwa. W konkluzji stwierdzono, że manipulacja męskością i kobiecością wykorzystywana jest nie tylko przez ugrupowania terrorystyczne w procesach rekrutacyjnych, ale także w analizach samego zjawiska. Relacyjność płci wpływa na przyjęte rozwiązania interpretacyjne w naukach społecznych, przede wszystkim na marginalizację kobiet w badaniach nad przemocą.
Left Hegelian Variations: on the Matter of Revolution in Marx. Bloch and Althusser
Authors: GOLDMAN LOREN
Published: April 2020

Although Ernst Bloch is often understood as an abstract, aesthetic philosopher of hope, his doctrine of concrete utopia is underpinned by an idiosyncratic, vital materialist ontology. Against many of Bloch’s critics, this article explains and defends his materialism as compatible with Marx’s project. It first situates the early Marx’s materialism in the generally Left Hegelian and more specifically Feuerbachian context of articulating a concrete account of human agency and social emancipation within a naturalistic framework. Two subsequent sections offer Bloch’s “Left Aristotelian” approach to matter and the later Louis Althusser’s “aleatory” materialism, respectively, as radical and tactically different variations on this theme.
Hegelianism and Meta-Religion: Ernst Bloch’s Archetype of the Fall This paper concerns Ernst Bloch’s notion of “meta-religion,” which is an attempt to inherit the religious without inheriting religion, while distinguishing itself from a merely secular ath
Authors: DEMJAHA DRITËRO D
Published: April 2020

This paper concerns Ernst Bloch’s notion of “meta-religion,” which is an attempt to inherit the religious without inheriting religion, while distinguishing itself from a merely secular atheism. I assert that the key to this meta-religious inheritance is the structural abandonment of the Fall. Focusing chiefly on Bloch’s late work Atheism in Christianity, I provide an account of Bloch’s appraisal of Feuerbach as a progenitor of his meta-religious project, before moving on to what I argue is the key problem for what Bloch terms the “meta-religious” inheritance of Christianity: the question of the Fall. I argue that as Bloch’s own thinking regularly suggests, the archetype of the Fall is a necessary correlate of the archetype of freedom, and actually grounds an important aspect of Bloch’s meta-religious inheritance of both Christianity and Hegel as part of the same dialectical theorisation of the sources of Marxism.
“Etwas Fehlt”: Marxian Utopias in Bloch and Adorno
Authors: Truskolaski Sebastian
Published: April 2020

During a radio debate in 1964, Bloch and Adorno clashed over the status of Utopia in Marx’s thinking. In particular, the disagreement concerned the possibilities (or, rather, limitations) of picturing – with Marx and beyond Marx – a condition in which all societal antagonisms have been reconciled. It is telling, then, that their conversation quickly came to turn on a surprising term: the Old Testament interdiction against making images of God. Given both authors’ commitment to an ostensibly secular critique of capitalist modernity, the prominence of this figure, which is emblematic of the decades-long exchange between these authors, invites further questions. What, for instance, are the epistemic and aesthetic conditions under which Bloch and Adorno propose to present their Marxian Utopias? By considering these questions in light of issues arising from their debate, and applying it to their writings more generally, mypaper aims to contribute to the on-going exploration of “Utopia” in German Critical Theory.
Avrupa Birliği Doğu Ortaklığı Projesinin Gürcistan’a Etkisi
Authors: Özçelik Ali Onur , Zandaradze Sopiko
Published: April 2020

Bu makale, AB’nin doğuya yönelik genişlemesinin ardından Birliğe komşu olan yeni ülkelere demokrasiyi teşvik etmek için uyguladığı “Yeni Komşuluk Politikası ve Doğu Ortaklığı” politikalarını analiz etmek üzerine yazılmıştır. Yakın gelecekte Birliğe üye olması neredeyse imkânsız olarak değerlendirilen bu ülkeler (Ukrayna, Gürcistan, Belarus, Moldova, Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan), bütünleşme olmadan genişleme stratejisi bağlamında AB’nin Doğu komşularına yönelik uyguladığı normatif politikaların etkisi altında kalmıştır. AB’ne uyum konusunda göstermiş olduğu çaba, AB’nin Gürcistan’ı komşuluk politikasında örnek olarak seçmesi ve tek bir ülke üzerinden derinlemesine analiz yapmanın sağladığı avantaj, Gürcistan’ın seçilmesindeki temel motivasyonlardır. AB’nin normatif gücünün Gürcistan özelinde nasıl bir değişim sağladığını analiz etmek için, makalenin kavramsal çerçevesinde Avrupalılaşma literatürüne başvurulmuştur. Ayrıca “Dışsal Yönetişim Modeli”nden yola çıkarak “AB Komşuluk Politikası” ve onun halefi olan “Doğu Ortaklığı”nın Gürcistan'da insan hakları ve temel özgürlükler ile suç ve yolsuzlukla mücadele konusunda ne tür bir değişim sağladığı araştırılmıştır.
Continuity and Change in the Perception of Iranian Elites toward the Korean Crisis in Donald Trump’s Presidency
Authors: Dehshırı Mohammad Reza , Shahmoradı Hossein
Published: April 2020

The escalation of conflicts on the Korean Peninsula during the first half of Trump`s presidency, also the new developments following the Trump – Kim summits in Singapore, Hanoi and the DMZ in one side and the U.S. unilateral withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) on the other side have made the Iranian intellectuals to review the Korean crisis more thoroughly and reflect their attitudes about the future of issues in the peninsula and the U.S. options towards Pyongyang. Although, it seems most of the Iranian scholars believe the Korean crisis has no military solution and the only path for peace in the Peninsula would be serious and balanced negotiations with a special focus on the roots of the crisis, two trends of perception toward the crisis could be identified among the Iranian elites. The findings of the paper demonstrate that the U.S. behavior toward JCPOA, has raised further negative views about the future of any constructive negotiation on North Korean nuclear program among the Iranian intellectuals but their focus on U.S. use of hard power and harsh options have shifted to the implementation of American soft power and psychological war.
Informal work: an analysis of the production of the last 10 years in Brazil
Authors: Esteves Yohans De Oliveira , Vasques-Menezes Ione
Published: April 2020

According to the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), informal work, although prior to the 1990s, has its consolidation in the Brazilian economy as one of the side effects of the Real Plan. The objective of this study is to carry out a review of the national literature on informal work. Studies on informal work in national databases that include Brazilian scientific journals classified as A1, A2, B1 and B2 in the areas of Social Sciences, Human Sciences and Health Sciences published between 2008 and 2017 were reviewed. It could be observed that the study of informal work remained constant over the years, with a total of 14 (fourteen) articles between 2008 and 2010, 13 (thirteen) articles between 2011 and 2013 and 16 (sixteen) other articles between 2014 and 2017. Regarding the methodological approach, the research shows that, in the articles analyzed, the qualitative approach, working with values, beliefs, representations, habits, attitudes and opinions, useful to understand the context in which the phenomenon occurs, was used in 74% of the studies, while the quantitative studies that seek to generate accurate and reliable measures, and measure opinions, attitudes and models capable of predicting behavior represented only 19% of the articles. The cut made for this study showed that only 43 articles, out of a total of 440 previously researched and included in the original database, consisted of studies on the relationship with work among informal workers, noting that this theme in question is underrepresented in Brazilian research work.
Multi-item a supply chain production inventory model of time dependent production rate and demand rate under space constraint in fuzzy environment
Authors: Das Satya Kumar , Islam Sahidul
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we have developed an integrated production inventory model for two echelon supply chain consisting of one vendor and one retailer. Production rate and demand rate of retailer and customer are time dependent. Idle time cost of the vendor has been considered. Multi-item inventory has been considered. In integrated inventory model average cost has been calculated under limitation on stroge space. Two echelon supply chain fuzzy inventory model has been solved by various techniques like as Fuzzy programming technique with hyperbolic membership functions (FPTHMF), Fuzzy non-linear programming technique (FNLP) and Fuzzy additive goal programming technique (FAGP),  weighted Fuzzy non-linear programming technique (WFNLP) and weighted Fuzzy additive goal programming technique (WFAGP). A numerical example is illustrated to test the model. Finally to make the model more realistic, sensitivity analysis has been shown.
Simple tools for hr performance evaluation in Argentinean sme
Authors: Viltard Leandro Adolfo , Pérez Juan Andrés
Published: April 2020

In Argentina SME turn out to be a major player in the economic and social environment, representing more than 90% of the total registered companies, and being the country's largest employer, surpassing the 60% of formal registered employees. However, a comparative analysis between the last two national censuses -2004 and 2014- shows an industrial decline with respect to large companies, highlighting a substantial deterioration in its economic growth and envisaging the need to work on their structural competitiveness. Consequently, SME require a special focus of attention in order to sustain their activity, working on competitive aspects in order to enhance employees’ performance levels, for example, by implementing simple Performance Evaluation (PE) tools that can be used to professionalize their organization and, ultimately, help to sustain their structural competitiveness. The hypothesis of this study -which was corroborated- suggests that a simple PE tool, based on Administration By Objectives (ABO) can provide with significant benefits in terms of HR management while improving Argentinean SME structural competitiveness. It was used a quali-quantitative methodology, with a qualitative predominance. The study was exploratory and descriptive, with a not experimental and transversal design.
An algorithm to solve the inverse kinematics to a stewart platform
Authors: Petrescu Florian Ion Tiberiu , Petrescu Relly Victoria Virgil
Published: April 2020

Mechanical systems in motion type parallel structures are solid, fast and accurate. Between mobile systems parallel the best known and used system is that of a Stewart platform, as being and the oldest system, quickly, solid and accurate. The paper presents a few main elements of the Stewart platforms. In the case where a motto element consists of a structure composed of two elements in a relative movement from the point of view of the train of propulsion and especially in the dynamic calculations, it is more convenient to represent the motto element as a single moving item. The paper presents an exact, original analytical geometry method for determining the kinematic and dynamic parameters of a parallel mobile structure. Compared with other methods already known, the presented method has the great advantage of being an exact analytical method of calculation and not one iterative-approximately.
Some dynamic models of rigid memory mechanisms
Authors: Petrescu Florian Ion Tiberiu , Petrescu Relly Victoria Virgil
Published: April 2020

Rigid memory mechanisms have played an important role in the history of mankind, contributing greatly to the industrial, economic, social changes in society, thus leading to a real evolution of mankind. Used in automated tissue wars, in cars as distribution mechanisms, automated machines, mechanical transmissions, robots and mechatronics, precision devices, and medical devices, these mechanisms have been real support for mankind along the time. For this reason, it considered being useful this paper, which presents some dynamic models that played an essential role in designing rigid memory mechanisms.
THC and CBD concentrations in blood, oral fluid and urine following a single and repeated administration of “light cannabis”
Authors: Pacifici Roberta , Pichini Simona , Pellegrini Manuela , Rotolo Maria Concetta , Giorgetti Raffaele , Tagliabracci Adriano , Busardò Francesco Paolo , Huestis Marilyn A.
Published: April 2020

Background

“Light cannabis” is a product legally sold in Europe with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration lower than 0.2% and variable cannabidiol (CBD) content. We studied THC and CBD excretion profiles in blood, oral fluid (OF) and urine after smoking one or four light cannabis cigarettes.

Methods

Blood, OF and urine samples were obtained from six healthy light cannabis consumers after smoking one 1 g cigarette containing 0.16% THC and 5.8% CBD and from six others after smoking four 1 g cigarettes within 4 h. Sample collection began 0.5 and 4.5 h after smoking one or four cigarettes, respectively. Cannabinoid concentrations were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Results

At the first collection, the highest THC and CBD concentrations occurred in blood (THC 7.0–10.8 ng/mL; CBD 30.2–56.1 ng/mL) and OF (THC 5.1–15.5 ng/mL; CBD 14.2–28.1 ng/mL); similar results occurred 0.5 h after the last of four cigarettes in blood (THC 14.1–18.2 ng/mL, and CBD 25.6–45.4 ng/mL) and OF (THC 11.2–24.3 ng/mL; CBD 14.4–37.0 ng/mL). The mean OF to blood ratio ranged from 0.6 to 1.2 after one and 0.6 to 1.9 after four light cannabis cigarettes. THC/CBD ratios in blood and OF were never greater than 2. Urinary 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC concentrations peaked 8 h after one and four cigarettes.

Conclusions

OF was a valuable alternative to blood in monitoring consumption of light cannabis. Blood and OF THC/CBD concentration ratios, never exceeded 2, possibly providing a useful biomarker to identify light cannabis vs illegal higher THC cannabis use, where THC/CBD ratios are generally greater than 10.
Speech Reporting in Chinese Criminal Judgements
Authors: Shi Guang
Published: April 2020

Speech reporting is an important linguistic tool for criminal judgements to represent facts and evidence and state reasons for conviction and judgement. This paper analyzes speech reporting in 500 Chinese criminal judgements and identifies three major findings. First, speech reporting in criminal judgements includes two general types,procedural reportingandsubstantive reporting, both of which can be further categorized into three sub-types,direct reporting,indirect reporting, andnarrative report of speech act. Second, procedural reporting mainly appears in the beginning and body parts of a criminal judgement to introduce the origin of the case, clarify relevant legal concepts, indicate the basis of conviction and judgement, and maintain, approve, and reject the judgement of a lower court, performing the function of maintaining procedural justice. Third, substantive reporting mainly occurs in the body part of a criminal judgement to state, summarize, generalize, and clarify relevant facts and evidence, serving substantive justice.
Re-understanding Vygotsky’s Psycholinguistics
Authors: Liu Xinghe
Published: April 2020

The origins and nature of consciousness have preoccupied mankind since human beings became aware of themselves as thinking beings. Seeking answers to these questions was the focus of the life-long research project of the former Soviet scholar, Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (1896–1934), who was intent on developing a holistic theory of psycholinguistics to explore consciousness through psyche. In this quest, he concentrated on rechevóye myshlénie, a key element of consciousness created through the unification of thinking processes and languaging processes (the processes involved in the acquisition and use of language). However, the fact Vygotsky used this concept to imply a psychological process/ formation/system is lost when understanding it as “verbal thinking.” Despite its centrality in his whole theory of psycholinguistics, Vygotsky’s analysis of rechevóye myshlénie as the cornerstone of the creation of znachenie slova (meaning through language) has not received the same attention as his analyses of other concepts. Therefore, in this article we attempt to make a detailed investigation of rechevóye myshlénie upon Vygotsky’s methodology of psychological materialism and a number of related concepts compared with some prevalent translations and interpretations.
Ist der Naturalismus eine Ideologie?
Authors: Spiegel Thomas Jussuf
Published: April 2020

Naturalism is the current orthodoxy in analytic philosophy. Naturalism is the conjunction of the (ontological) claim that all that truly exists are the entities countenanced by the natural sciences and the (epistemological) claim that the only true knowledge is natural-scientific knowledge. Drawing on some recent work in Critical Theory, this article argues that naturalism qualifies as an ideology. This is the case because naturalism meets three key aspects shared by paradigmatic cases of ideology: (i) naturalism has practical consequences and implications of a specific kind, (ii) those endorsing naturalism fall prey to a dual deception: having false meta-level beliefs about naturalism as being without alternative, and (iii) naturalism has a tendency towards self-immunisation. The article ends by suggesting we pull naturalism out of our collective cognitive backgrounds onto the main stage of critical discourse, making it a proper topic for philosophical critique again.
A branched structure provides kraft lignins a denser morphology and a high molar mass for a given hydrodynamic radius
Authors: Wang Linping , Shigetomi Kengo , Koda Keiichi , Gele Aori , Uraki Yasumitsu
Published: April 2020

Size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle laser light-scattering detectors was applied for acetylated softwood and hardwood kraft lignins (Ac-SKL and Ac-HKL) and 8-O-4′ type of linear polymeric lignin model (Ac-M-8O4′) to compare their swelling behaviors. The plot of molar mass (MM) vs. retention time for Ac-M-8O4′ was similar to that of polystyrene, which revealed that Ac-M-8O4′ exhibited swelling behavior that was similar to that of polystyrene. However, the MM values of both Ac-KLs were larger than those of polystyrene standards at any retention time. This difference indicated that both Ac-KLs had a more compact structure than those of polystyrene and Ac-M-8O4′. One hypothesis is that the larger MM of both Ac-KLs stems from their branched structures. To verify this hypothesis, the frequency of 5-5′ interunit linkage in lignin samples was determined by1H NMR after nitrobenzene oxidation. A linear relationship between MM and 5-5′ abundance was observed in the high MM region.
Ameliorative effect of methanol stem extract of Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel) bullock on scopolamine-induced sub-chronic cognitive deficit in mice
Authors: Mahmud Bukhari , Shehu Aishatu , Magaji Mohammed Garba
Published: April 2020

Background

Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel) Bullock is a commonly used medicinal plant in African traditional medicine. The powdered roots and stems of the plant are taken with pap as a memory enhancer among the Yorubas of southwestern Nigeria. The mechanism by which scopolamine induces cognitive deficit mimics the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in cognitive impairment. This study therefore, aimed at investigating the effect of the methanol stem extract of P. nigrescens on sub-chronically scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit in mice.

Method

Phytochemical screening was carried out on the extract using standard protocols. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) was estimated according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 425 limit test guideline. Doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of the extract were used for the study. The elevated plus maze (EPM) and novel object recognition tests (NORT) were used to assess cognitive function. The brain tissue was assayed for the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity.

Results

The plant extract contains phenolics, carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, and unsaturated sterols.The extract decreased the transfer latencies on days 7 and 8 against the scopolamine group in EPM and increased the discrimination index decreased by scopolamine in NORT. The methanol stem extract of P. nigrescens significantly (p ≤ 0.01) reduced MDA level;  significantly  (p ≤ 0.01) increased SOD activity;  non-significantly increased GSH activity and the activity of AChE apeared not altered.

Conclusion

The methanol stem extract of P. nigrescens ameliorated sub-chronically scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit via antioxidant mechanism.
Identification of two novel variants in GNPTAB underlying mucolipidosis II in a Pakistani family
Authors: Khan Muhammad Aman , Zubaida Bibi , Karim Noreen , Cheema Huma Arshad , Naeem Muhammad
Published: April 2020

Background

Mucolipidosis II is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by multiple pathologies including coarse facial features, thickened skin, dysostosis multiplex, and skeletal abnormalities. The disorder results due to variants inGNPTABleading to reduced activity of the enzyme GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAc-PT).

Methods

In the present study, a consanguineous Pakistani family was diagnosed with MLII based on clinical and biochemical examination. Peripheral blood samples were collected and subjected to DNA sequencing of all coding exons along with exon-intron boundaries ofGNPTAB.

Results

Molecular investigation of the family identified two novel variants c.25C > T: p.Gln9* (maternal allele) in exon 1 and c.1160C > T: p.Ala387Val (paternal allele) in exon 10 segregating in compound heterozygous form in the affected individuals.

Conclusions

TheGNPTABvariant c.25C > T variant is highly plausible to undergo nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, while theGNPTABvariant c.1160C > T is located in a highly conserved domain, thus both the variants predict to lead to affect the enzyme activity. Two novel variants have been identified inGNPTABas the underlying cause of ML-II in a Pakistani family. The study thus expands the availableGNPTABmutation spectrum.
Effectiveness of the educational interventions on improvement of the performance of burning ward nurses
Authors: Hazrati Hakimeh , Vahedi Leila , Shirzad Firuzeh , Khanderoy Reza
Published: April 2020

Introduction — Burning is one of the most accidents with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of nursing cares in the burning ward to improve the quality of nursing service following the education. Methods — An after-before intervention-educational audit study was conducted on burning ward nurses in Iran. The data were collected using a researcher-made checklist based on the Ministry of Health standards with “Yes/No” questions. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version.16 through descriptive statistics and Mc-Nemar nonparametric metric test. Results — The population consisted of 20 nurses working in the burning ward of the Sina Hospital in Tabriz/Iran. Presentation of nursing services was good in terms of the primary care (80.5%) and during hospitalization (83.4%); and it was weak in terms of the secondary care (42.5%). A significant improvement was observed following the educational intervention according to the results of the Mc-Nemar test performed before and after intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion — Audit education improved the nursing secondary cares and follow- up care after patients discharge. It is necessary to hold educational workshops for improving the nurses̓ performance in the other fields.
Territorial Indicative Budget Ceilings (PIK) as Instrument of Technocracy of Regional Development Planning
Authors: Sarjiyanto Sarjiyanto , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: April 2020

This research aims at analyzing the local government policy related to the local budget posture in the each territorial. There are uncertainty methods in dividing and formulating the local budget posture in each territorial in Indonesia. It is not depend on the actual economic variables of each territorial. This study uses the literature studies to collect the data of planning and budgeting. The content analysis of this local government economic policy is based on of the planning and budgeting process itself. The detailed information is found by observations and in-depth interview with the informants about the planning and budgeting process in Rembang. The result shows the variables that can determine the fair instrument in formulating the local budget posture some of which are: the number of population, the number of drop out (DO), the illiteracy (IR), the infant mortality rate (IMR), the malnutrition data, the number of poor (HCI), the economic growth, the damaged road infrastructure, the damaged irrigation system, the damaged schools, the land building tax, and the amount of retribution.