bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empagliflozin Alleviates Left Ventricle Hypertrophy in High-Fat-Fed Mice by Modulating Renin Angiotensin Pathway
Authors: Cotrin Juliana Cordovil , de Souza Gabriel Santos Martins , Petito-da-Silva Tamiris Ingrid , Cardoso Luiz Eduardo Macedo , Souza-Mello Vanessa , Barbosa-da-Silva Sandra
Published: January 2022

Aims. The cardiobenefits of empagliflozin are multidimensional, and some mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with empagliflozin on biometric parameters and gene expression in the local cardiac RAS, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum pathways in a mouse model. Main Methods. Forty male C57BL/6 mice were fed with control (C) or high-fat (HF) diets for 10 weeks. After that, the groups were redistributed according to the treatment with empagliflozin—CE or HFE. The empagliflozin was administered via food for 5 weeks (10 mg/kg/day). We performed biochemical analyses, blood pressure monitoring, oral glucose tolerance test, left ventricle (LV) stereology, RT-qPCR for genes related to classical and counterregulatory local RAS, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Key Findings. In comparison to HF, HFE decreased body mass and improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The cardiac parameters were enhanced after treatment as expressed by decrease in plasma cholesterol, plasma uric acid, and systolic blood pressure. In addition, LV analysis showed that empagliflozin reduces cardiomyocyte area and LV thickness. The local RAS had less activity of the classical pathway and positive effects on the counterregulatory pathway. Empagliflozin treatment also decreased oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes. Significance. Our results suggests that empagliflozin modulates the local RAS pathway towards alleviation of oxidative stress and ER stress in the LV, which may be a route to its effects on improved cardiac remodeling.
A Valuation Formula for Chained Options with n‐Barriers
Authors: Choi Won , Jun Doobae , Ku Hyejin
Published: January 2022

This study examines chained options that are connected in the sense that another barrier option becomes active continuously after the underlying asset price crosses a primary barrier. These barrier options have several advantages. First, they preserve the merit of regular barrier options, but demand far lower option premiums, which appeal to option traders. Second, they reduce the higher risk of loss of double barrier options, making option strategies more profitable in certain cases. Third, they have closed‐form pricing formulas, unlike double‐barrier options, and, thus, avoid the complexity of option pricing. Therefore, they help to enlarge the range of trader’s choice according to a variety of demand of buyers. The values of chained options are compared to those of similar single‐ and double‐barrier options. This study extends the chained option with two barriers to a generalized chained option with n‐barriers. In addition, this paper proves the closed formulas of generalized chained options with n‐barriers using mathematical induction.
Study on Stability of Stope Surrounding Rock under Repeated Mining in Close-Distance Coal Seams
Authors: Li Qiang , Wu Guiyi , Kong Dezhong
Published: January 2022

In order to study the influence of roof stress and fracture distribution characteristics on the stability of stope surrounding rock under repeated mining in close-distance coal seams, the research background of this paper is the close-distance coal seam mining of a mine in Guizhou province, China. The dynamic evolution characteristics of stope roof caving and the stress environment change law under repeated mining are studied by using the method of similar simulation experiment, numerical simulation, and field verification. The results show that the roof stage under repeated mining can be divided into four stages: normal mining, roof deterioration, end face roof leaks, and support crushing. The tip-to-face distance, support height, and support working condition are the main influencing factors in end face roof control. The main reason for the support crushing is that the roof above the support is broken, the main roof cannot form the self-stable structure, and the support force is insufficient. The roof dynamic load is high, and the subsidence of the end face roof is large, which is prone to roof caving during the stope roof weighting. Moreover, the roof weighting is frequent under repeated mining, which leads to the broken roof and the support cannot be supported, resulting in the occurrence of the support crushing accident. The control strategies for stope roof under repeated mining are provided based on the thorough study findings. The working face 17101 roof is successfully controlled by the aforesaid procedures, which provides the foundation for the management of stope surrounding rock under repeated loading.
Explorative Experiments: A Paradigm Shift to Deal with Severe Uncertainty in Autonomous Robotics
Authors: Schiaffonati Viola
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a case of severe uncertainty in the development of autonomous and intelligent systems in Artificial Intelligence and autonomous robotics. After discussing how uncertainty emerges from the complexity of the systems and their interaction with unknown environments, the paper describes the novel framework of explorative experiments. This framework presents a suitable context in which many of the issues relative to uncertainty, both at the epistemological level and at the ethical one, in this field should be reframed. The case of autonomous robot systems for search and rescue is used to make the discussion more concrete.
Redescription of Ateleopus indicus Alcock 1891, (Teleostei: Ateleopodiformes: Ateleopodidae), and its reassignment to the genus Parateleopus
Authors: KAGA TATSUYA , IWAMOTO TOMIO , MISHRA SUBHRENDU SEKHAR
Published: January 2022

The Indian jellynose fish Ateleopus indicus Alcock 1891 is redescribed as a member of the genus Parateleopus based on examination of the holotype and 11 other specimens. The character states of small mouth, no sharp spine on sphenotic, and relatively short pelvic fin suggest that it belongs in the genus Parateleopus Smith & Radcliffe 1912. Comments on its generic status and comparisons with all genera of the family Ateleopodidae are provided. The species is distinguished from Parateleopus microstomus, the sole congener, by 8–10 dorsal-fin rays as compared with three rays in P. microstomus.
Challenging Normal Science: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Jailed Individuals Self-Report of Lifetime and in-Jail Suicidal Ideations
Authors: Abderhalden Frances P.
Published: January 2022

Suicidal behaviors are of critical public health concern. These behaviors are even more pervasive in the justice system, in particular in the correctional sector. Yet, the field of criminology has historically shown limited interest in furthering the scientific inquiry behind these behaviors. Interdisciplinary work has routinely been used as a buzz word in academia. This study argues that the intersection of criminology, psychology, and sociology are a beginning step to challenge normal science and progress into a new paradigm of scholarship, in relation to suicidology. The current study details the importance of knowledge building, exchange of theories, measurement, variables, and collaboration. Using real data to illustrate how this approach could work, a test of lifetime suicidal ideations and in-jail suicidal ideation is conducted to demonstrate the interdisciplinary nature of suicide within justice involved populations.
The investigation of intraspecific characteristics and comparative analyses of the complete mitochondrial genome of Stegobium paniceum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) assembled from public NGS raw reads of the black truffle, Tuber melanosporum
Authors: Park Jongsun , Lee Jungmo , Park Jonghyun
Published: January 2022

Due to the rapid development of NGS technologies, a huge amount of NGS raw reads have been accumulated in public repositories, such as the Short Read Archive of NCBI. We successfully rescued the complete mitochondrial genome of Stegobium paniceum, a drug store beetle, from public NGS raw reads of truffle generated from the whole genome project. The circular mitogenome of S. paniceum is 15,474 bp long including 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a single large non-coding region of 803 bp. Intraspecific transfer RNAs structure and sequence variations were investigated and simple sequence repeats identified from three S. paniceum mitochondrial genomes were compared showing their diversities as fundamental data to utilize them in various aspects including developing efficient molecular markers in the family, Ptinidae. Phylogenetic analysis of 23 Bostrichoidea mitochondrial genomes presented better species identification based on phylogenetic analyses and the optimal options for constructing phylogenetic trees based on Bostrichoidea mitochondrial genomes. Our results present not only utilization of public NGS raw read sequences but also intraspecific features of S. paniceum mitochondrial genomes and comparative analysis of Bostrichoidea mitochondrial genomes in various aspects.
Neuroimaging findings of linear scleroderma of the head and face: a case report
Authors: Meng Linin , Wang Qing
Published: January 2022

Linear scleroderma of the head and face is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by linear depressed scarring in the frontoparietal area of the face. Here, we report a patient with linear scleroderma of the head and face with neurological symptoms such as spontaneous epilepsy and numbness of the right limb as well as the presence of white matter lesions. The patient underwent computed tomography and 3.0-T magnetic resonance examinations including diffusion weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and perfusion imaging. The imaging findings suggested a disrupted fiber tract and decreased relative cerebral blood flow. Our observation may help to improve the diagnosis and treatment of linear scleroderma of the head and face.
Integrated Vehicle–Tire–Pavement Approach for Determining Pavement Structure–Induced Rolling Resistance under Dynamic Loading
Authors: Liu Xiuyu , Al-Qadi Imad
Published: January 2022

Pavement-related rolling resistances, caused by pavement–vehicle interaction, are important components of pavement life-cycle assessment (LCA). Structure-induced rolling resistance (SRR) is caused by dissipated vehicle kinetic energy in the pavement structure. This paper presents an integrated vehicle–tire–pavement approach to evaluate asphalt pavement SRR under dynamic loading. A three-dimensional (3D) semitrailer-truck model was used to calculate dynamic wheel loads on various pavement surface-roughness profiles. The dynamic wheel loads were then transformed into 3D tire–pavement contact stresses using a deep-learning tire model. Next, an advanced 3D finite element pavement model, validated in previous studies, was used to simulate pavement structure under moving tire–pavement contact stresses. The dynamic load coefficient of axle forces was found to increase linearly with truck speed. The increasing trend became more significant as pavement roughness increased. Ignoring the dynamic loading effect resulted in 12% error in predicting SRR. A case study was performed to illustrate the computation procedures of asphalt pavement SRR under static and dynamic loading. Dynamic loading accounted for 4.74%, 7.37%, 10.73%, and 14.02% of SRR for four pavement surface-roughness levels at a truck speed of 40 mph. In addition, SRR was found to be highly nonlinear and increased as speed decreased and axle load increased. A modified Illinois Center for Transportation SRR model was developed to quickly assess the SRR component of the pavement LCA’s use stage. This study demonstrates the importance of vehicle–tire–pavement interaction in SRR prediction, which may not be overlooked.
On the application of non-uniform water cooling for the fire safety of fuel storage tank farms
Authors: Saber Ahmed , Abo El-Nasr Mahmoud , Elbanhawy Amr Y
Published: January 2022

Compromising between application rate and spacing between tanks is one of the vague points regarding fire mitigation in hydrocarbon storage tanks. Codes and standards recommendations are not comprehensive and sometimes contradicting. The traditional, uniform, coolant application technique requires high storage capacities and over-consumes the coolant. This study investigates a non-traditional technique using non-uniform coolant distribution and illustrates the effect of this technique on coolant and land savings. A model is created to simulate fire propagation and mitigation through cooling water application under steady state conditions for surface pool fires in cylindrical hydrocarbon storage tanks. The model considers the types of fuel, the wind speed and direction, the smoke effect and the nozzles distribution, and the number of segments on the target tank surface. The model is applied on a real-life case study. The suggested technique achieved up to 30% reduction in cooling water consumption or 5.6% reduction in land area.
Tremor Presenting in Infants and Children Aged <2 Years
Authors: Strasser Lauren , Wilson Mitchell , Healy Sarah , Doja Asif
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To examine the clinical features, course, and management of children at age <2 years with tremor. Methods:Retrospective chart review of all patients aged <2 years presenting to a tertiary care neurology clinic between 2005 and 2019. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: We identified 29 children with tremor presenting at age <2 years. The mean age at onset, diagnosis and follow-up was 3.22 months (SD 3.63), 6.97 months (SD 5.44), and 10.83 months (SD 5.29), respectively. Tremor was more noticeable surrounding eating, sleep, or extreme emotions. The tremor did not interfere with development or require pharmacologic treatment in any patient. At follow-up, 31% had complete resolution of their tremor with the rest being stable or improved. Patients with resolved tremor were statistically more likely to have a younger age of diagnosis ( F = 3.895, P = .033), no medical history ( P = .029, χ2 = 7.112), and leg tremor ( P = .028, χ2 = 7.143). Conclusion: Tremor with onset at age <2 years follows a benign course, with many patients requiring no treatment and outgrowing the disorder.
Predicting Intention to Take a COVID-19 Vaccine in the United States: Application and Extension of Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Hayashi Yusuke , Romanowich Paul , Hantula Donald A.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This study aims to apply and extend the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict intention to take a COVID-19 vaccine.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

Online.

Sample

Adult US residents recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk ( n = 172).

Measures

Intention to take a COVID-19 vaccine (outcome variable), demographic variables (predictors), standard TPB variables (perceived behavioral control, attitude, and subjective norm; predictors), and non-TPB variables (anticipated regret, health locus of control, and perceived community benefit; predictors).

Analysis

Hierarchical linear regression predicting intention to take a COVID-19 vaccine, with demographic, standard TPB, and non-TPB variables entered in regression models 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Results

The extended TPB model accounted for 72.5% of the variance in vaccination intention ( p < .001), with perceived behavioral control ( β = .29, p < .001), attitude ( β = .23, p = .043), and perceived community benefit ( β = .23, p = .020) being significant unique predictors.

Conclusion

Despite the relatively small and non-representative sample, this study, conducted after COVID-19 vaccines were widely available in the USA, demonstrated that perceived behavioral control was the most robust predictor of intention to take a COVID-19 vaccine, suggesting that the TPB is a useful theoretical framework that can inform effective strategies to promote vaccine acceptance.
Mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of polyamide-6 reinforced with a combination of carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide for under-the-hood applications
Authors: Dabees Sameh , Osman Tarek , Kamel Bahaa M
Published: January 2022

The current study aims to explore the tensile fracture mechanism and thermo-mechanical efficiency of polyamide-6 (PA6) reinforced with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The uniform dispersion of the MWCNTs and appreciable interfacing between PA6, TiO2, and MWCNTs were revealed in the fractography figures. The crystallization temperature and degree of crystallinity have been enhanced by the addition of nanoparticles to the PA6 matrix. Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and Charpy impact strength improved proportionally concerning reinforcement content. The essential work of fracture (EWF) method was applied to evaluate the toughening and fracture behavior of PA6 hybrid systems. Considerable improvement (+60.6%) in the EWF of PA6–TiO2–MWCNT nanocomposites was observed at 4 wt.% CNT and 2 wt.% TiO2. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) findings demonstrate that a polymer with a combination containing titanium dioxide and multiwalled carbon nanotubes has a highly substantial retardant influence. As a result, the TiO2–CNT combination acts as a synergist filler, offering versatile PA6 composite products.
Accountability and learning with motivated agents
Authors: Yu Tinghua
Published: January 2022

Should accountability be introduced to organizations that are learning about the right policies to achieve their goals? I develop an agency model focusing on the interactions between accountability and an agent’s intrinsic motivation. More effort by the agent leads to more informative policy outcomes and thereby better policy learning. Holding the agent accountable for the policy outcomes motivates the agent and thus improves policy learning. However, by removing the agent from office upon policy failure and thereby taking away his benefit from learning through failure, accountability also discourages the agent. This negative effect is more substantial when the intrinsic motivation is higher. The principal, therefore, refrains from using accountability on the agent who is more intrinsically motivated.
Is measurement in psychology an empirical or a conceptual issue? A comment on David Franz
Authors: Trendler Günter
Published: January 2022

David Franz’s (2022) claim that it is not possible to give an empirically meaningful answer to the question “Are psychological attributes quantitative?” is rejected as incorrect. First, the ambiguous terminology identified by Franz in the measurement debate is not inherent to the debate itself, but reflects a biased understanding of the empirical meaning of axioms of measurement. Second, the problem of “hidden” or “unobservable” phenomena described by Franz as the root of conceptual confusion is not unique to psychology, but can also be found in physics. Therefore, it cannot be the cause for the failure to establish measurement in psychology. This comment concludes with the statement that, though both conceptual and empirical analyses are useful, Franz’s general claim that the former supersedes the latter must be rejected as inaccurate.
Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in the prevention of thromboembolic events: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Barros Edington Fernando Luiz , de Rezende Daniel Fraga , dos Santos Luis Fernando Simões , Garcia Rayssa Valandro , Gadelha Sandra Rocha , Santiago Mittermayer Barreto
Published: January 2022

Objective

To estimate the risk ratio (RR) of thromboembolic events in chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine users compared to non-users.

Methods

We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs), using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to the present, reporting thromboembolic events in chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine users compared to non-users. Four authors independently screened all the records obtained through our search strategy and later revised the selected full-text articles for eligibility, according to our inclusion criteria. The same four authors independently extracted relevant data through a customized data collection form while two other authors assessed the quality of the included RCTs using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (Version 2.0). All the disagreements were resolved through discussions among the authors. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) and its respective standard error of developing thromboembolic events in hydroxychloroquine users and non-users for each individual study and pooled the results using a random effects model meta-analysis. We assessed Heterogeneity using the Tau2 and I2, and publication bias using funnel plotting and Egger’s regression. The protocol for this systematic review is registered at the PROSPERO database (CRD42021247902).

Results

Thirteen RCTs met our eligibility criteria and were included in our analysis (2663 patients). We found that hydroxychloroquine—no study on chloroquine was found—reduced the risk of thromboembolic events by 49% (RR 0.51[IC 95% 0.31–0.84]) with a medium heterogeneity (I2 = 67% and T2 = 0.4948). We did find some asymmetry in the inspection of the funnel plot, which was ruled out through an Egger’s regression ( p-value = 0.1025).

Conclusion

Our data reinforce the idea that hydroxychloroquine reduces the risk of thromboembolic events.
Gendered body language in children’s literature over time
Authors: Čermáková Anna , Mahlberg Michaela
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we study gendered patterns of body language descriptions in children’s fiction. We compare a corpus of 19th-century children’s literature with a corpus of contemporary fiction for children. Using a corpus linguistic approach, we study gendered five-word body part clusters, that is, repeated sequences of words that contain at least one body part noun and a marker of gender. Our aim is to identify and describe differences between the description of male and female body language across both corpora. We find that in the 19th century, there are not only fewer clusters for female characters, but the functional range of these clusters is also limited. The contemporary data suggests a trend for male and female clusters to become more similar with the clusters illustrating an increasing range of options for the description of female characters and their interactional spaces.
Symptomatic Features and Factors Associated With Do-Not-Resuscitate Consent in Advanced Cancer Patients Admitted to Palliative Care Ward
Authors: Fan Rongrong , Yang Siyu , Bu Xiaofan , Chen Yongyi , Wang Ying , Shen Boyong , Qiu Cuiling , Li Xuying
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to conduct a retrospective cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of symptoms and symptom clusters on sociodemographic and disease characteristics, as well as factors associated with Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) consent. Advanced cancer patients were enrolled between 2018 and 2020 with available data. Demographic and clinical data were obtained for analysis from Hospital Information System (HIS) in China. Symptom clusters were extracted by hierarchical cluster analysis. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were conducted to investigate the prevalence characteristics of symptoms and influencing factors of DNR consent, respectively. 798 advanced cancer patients were enrolled. The most prevalent symptoms were pain (93%), anorexia (36.5%), and sleep disorders (34.2%). High heart rate was associated with poor performance status and more symptoms. Three clusters were extracted: fatigue-related, respiratory-circulatory system, and digestive system symptom clusters. The incidence of symptoms was statistically significant in age, gender, education level, residence, BMI, performance status, distress score, ADL, and primary pain level. The DNR signature rate was 15.5%. Female, distant metastasis, in-ward rescue, and appearance of dyspnea were independent influencing factors of DNR signature.

Chinese hospitalized cancer patients had more symptoms burden that were influenced by various demographic characteristics, especially pain and fatigue-related symptoms. Concerning the trajectory of vital signs is important among advanced cancer patients. The DNR signature rate was lower and our finding indicating an urgency to accurately assess the prognosis and give more palliative care education to enhance DNR rates and early signing in Chinese context.
Advance Care Planning for Emergency Department Patients With COVID-19 Infection: An Assessment of a Physician Training Program
Authors: Casey Martin F. , Price Laiken , Markwalter Daniel , Bohrmann Tommy , Tsujimoto Tamy Moraes , Lavin Kyle , Hanson Laura C. , Lin Feng-Chang , Platts-Mills Timothy F.
Published: January 2022

Objective

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has heightened the importance of advance care planning (ACP), particularly in the emergency department (ED). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an educational program for emergency physicians on ACP conversations in the ED during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

This was an observational pre-/post-interventional study.

Setting

This study was conducted at a Southeastern U.S. academic ED.

Participants

143 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection in the 2 weeks up to and including the ED encounter of interest (between March 26 and May 25, 2020) were included.

Interventions

The primary intervention was an ACP training toolkit with three components: (1) an evidence-based guide to COVID-19 risk stratification, (2) education on language to initiate ACP conversations, and (3) modification of the electronic health record (EHR) to facilitate ACP documentation. Palliative care physicians also delivered a 60-minute ACP educational session for emergency medicine physicians.

Outcome measures

The primary outcome was a composite of ACP activities including: (1) identification of a healthcare decision-maker (HCDM), (2) an order for a code status, or (3) a documented goals of care conversation.

Results

There was a 25.4% (95% CI: 7.0-43.9) increase in the composite outcome of ED-based ACP. After adjustment for patient demographics and triage score, there was a non-statistically significant increase in ACP activity (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 0.93-8.64; P = .08).

Conclusion

A rapid and simple physician-facing educational intervention demonstrated a trend, though lacking in statistical significance, towards increased ED-based ACP activities for patients with COVID-19.
A Scoping Review Evaluating the Effect of SGLT-2 Inhibitors on Insulin Dose Requirements in Insulin-Dependent Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Moulton Morgan K. , Johnson Blake R. , Lavender Devin L. , Osae Sharmon P. , Phillips Beth Bryles , Thomas Ian , Stone Rebecca H.
Published: January 2022

Objective

Assess evidence describing the effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on total daily insulin (TDI) requirements in insulin-dependent patients with type 2 diabetes.

Data sources

A scoping review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Protocols and Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The search was conducted in PubMed; citation mapping was completed in Web of Science. Filters for human studies, English language, and a publication date, from January 1, 2005 to April 12, 2021, were applied.

Study selection and data extraction

Studies assessing insulin dose requirements with concurrent use of an SGLT2 inhibitor for patients with type 2 diabetes were included.

Data synthesis

Sixteen studies were included and demonstrated that addition of an SGLT2 inhibitor typically reduced TDI requirements. Insulin reductions were often statistically significant, occurring in studies evaluating (1) within subjects who received SGLT2 inhibitors, and (2) between subjects receiving SGLT2 inhibitors versus placebo. Compared with placebo, insulin dose reduction ranged from −0.72 to −19.2 units. However, studies were relatively small, not designed to assess TDI change, and some utilized fixed dose insulin protocols or empiric insulin dose reductions.

Conclusions

Lowering insulin requirements may have benefits, such as decreased hypoglycemia risk, insulin resistance, and cost. Addition of an SGLT2 inhibitor may modestly reduce TDI requirements for patients with type 2 diabetes. Evidence indicating SGLT2 inhibitor use reduces TDI may lead to additional implementation in practice and inform future research. Further research is needed to clarify insulin type (i.e., basal or prandial) and degree of TDI reduction expected with addition of an SGLT2 inhibitor.
Violations of Sexual and Information Privacy: Understanding Dataraid in a (Cyber)Rape Culture
Authors: McCaughey Martha , Cermele Jill
Published: January 2022

Technology-facilitated sexual violence is a violation unique to the digital age that extends the analog-era rape culture, but electronic privacy invasions are often an overlooked part of these violations. This article examines three emblematic cases of information privacy violations that get used, framed, or rationalized in connection with violations of sexual privacy. In showing how aggressive electronic intrusions borrow the well-worn tropes of rape culture, we show how violations of sexual and information privacy are linked in the digital age. Digital violations of both sexual and information privacy are impacted simultaneously by rape culture and surveillance culture, which are mutually reinforcing.
Cutaneous Stevens Johnson – Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Immunotherapy related Toxicities in Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Alexandris Dimitrios , Alevizopoulos Nektarios , Gakiopoulou Harikleia , Stavrinou Nikolina , Vourlakou Christine
Published: January 2022

Introduction

New Immuno- Checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) functioning as PD-1- PDL-1 blockers are nowadays used in a majority of anticancer treatments. Many immune- related Adverse Events (irAEs) are published daily; severe skin toxicities, Stevens Johnson/ Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are seldom reported.

Case report

Herein, we present two interesting skin sever toxicity cases of lung cancer patients, undergoing PD-1- PDL-1 Immunotherapy. In both cases, a morbilliform rash with documented histological Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Pattern /Stevens Johnson findings, was thoroughly studied.

Management & Outcome

Both cases were therapeutically managed according to guidelines with different outcome.

Discussion

Two focused cases of irAEs, is the rationale, to briefly review mechanisms of major toxicities caused by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, and present all new data in their precise management. ICIs’ association with SJS/ TEN still remains unclear; underlying urgent need for further studies. It is important to alert physicians to promptly identify life threatening irAEs. Being familiar, provides management efficacy, safe resolve and encourage beneficial balanced cost effective treatments.
Evaluation of Tillage Systems on Wheat Crop Production Under Surface and Sprinkler Irrigation Methods: Application for Rural Areas Close to Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Odhafa Abdul Kareem Hasan , Lahmod Nabil Raheem , Hassan Abdul Kareem Hamad
Published: January 2022

This study investigated the effect of soil conservation tillage systems on the growth and productivity of wheat crops under surface and sprinkler irrigation. Field trials were conducted in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 using three tillage systems under a split-plot design by a systematic arrangement with three replicates. Experimental plots included two irrigation methods (surface and sprinkler), within which were sub-plots for conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and zero tillage (ZT). The results show that surface irrigation treatment produced the greatest wheat crop growth (plant height, length of spike and biomass) in both seasons compared to sprinkler irrigation. The CT treatments resulted in better growth than ZT and MT. However, ZT recorded a decrease in biomass and grain yield of less than 10% compared to CT during both seasons, although superior plant height resulted from CT during the second season. Even so, ZT reduced the water use to 17% and 16% for the first and second seasons, respectively. These results indicate that ZT or MT may slightly reduce wheat yield under sprinkler and surface irrigation, but will consume less irrigation water, providing a sustainable strategy in water-deficient conditions.
When Does Infrastructure “Qualify for [Artistic] Attention”? The “ABCs” of Contemporary Art in Post-Liberalization India
Authors: Zitzewitz Karin
Published: January 2022

The period between “liberalization,” or the 1991 opening of India's economy to foreign direct investment, and the 2008 onset of the Great Recession was one of unprecedented change in the forms of Indian art and the infrastructures that supported its understanding, presentation, and circulation. This period of efflorescence—of multiplying growth in and transformation of a set of interlocking artistic and social forms—poses methodological challenges similar to those identified by George E. Marcus and Fred R. Myers in their 1995 volume, The Traffic in Culture: Refiguring Art and Anthropology. Marcus and Myers’ call to focus on appropriation, boundary-making, and circulation, though meant to submit the Western art world to critique, coincides quite clearly with three particularly salient changes seen in Indian contemporary art in the period: the turn to unconventional material as artistic media (appropriation); the deliberate integration of artistic work with the materialities of everyday life (boundary); and the development of entirely new curatorial infrastructures and frameworks (circulation). The present essay examines these changes through Mumbai-based artist Navjot Altaf's post-1996, ongoing collaborative work with adivasi (indigenous) artists in the Central Indian region of Bastar. Eventually registered as the NGO Dialogue Interactive Artists Association (DIAA), the collective's activities have ranged from parallel exhibitions of “art” and “craft” to site-specific, cross-disciplinary engagements with play structures (Pilla Gudi) and water taps (Nalpar) built upon collective practices meant to bridge the considerable social distance between urban upper-class and adivasi artists. DIAA's work with water, like other artistic engagements with infrastructure, highlights the social, aesthetic, material, and political aspects of the built networks that sustain everyday life. Their critique leveraged Marcus and Myers’ ABCs, incorporating critical acts of appropriation, the active violation of social and geographical boundaries, and, above all, demonstration of a concern with circulation.
Axial compression capacity analysis of prefabricated steel reactive powder concrete columns in prefabricated modular buildings
Authors: Du Guoqiang , Zhang Xianyi , Bu Liangtao , Hou Qi
Published: January 2022

This article proposes a prefabricated steel reactive powder concrete (PSRPC) component. Axial compression tests are conducted with five 3m full-scale column specimens to investigate the specimen damage and failure process and to measure the axial displacement, strain and ultimate bearing capacity in order to study the influences of the RPC strength and the section steel flange thickness on the mechanical properties of the PSRPC. The tests show the following. The ultimate failure mode of the PSRPC is column end splitting. During the loading process, the RPC and the section steel work compatibly, and their strengths are given full play. The lateral effect of the RPC on the section steel and the composite confinement effect of the stirrups and section steel on the RPC core significantly increase the ultimate bearing capacity of the PSRPC, and these effects increase with an increase in the RPC strength. The confinement effect on the RPC core in the enclosed region increases with an increase in the section steel flange thickness, that is, the thicker the section steel flange, the larger the portion of the load taken by the RPC core and the higher the ultimate bearing capacity of the PSRPC. The finite element analysis of PSRPC specimen is carried out by ANSYS software, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the test results. A method for calculating the axial bearing capacity of a full-scale column is proposed, taking the confinement effect of the stirrups and section steel on the RPC core into account.
Introduction to the special issue – Imagining rural futures in times of uncertainty and possibility: Progressing a transformative research agenda for rural sociology
Authors: Malatzky Christina , Smith Kiah
Published: January 2022

Historically and now, the rural is frequently relegated to the periphery of broader public and policy debates, and within the discipline of sociology. At this moment in time, where the world needs radical re-imagining for the future, rural perspectives and realities must be visible and addressed. This article introduces a special issue of the Journal of Sociology which seeks to articulate how rural sociology is a crucial field of study for (re)imaging rural futures. In this article, we provide an overview of the research included in the collection, which draws much needed attention to some of the specific contemporary challenges encountered in rural places and some of the possibilities for transforming rural futures, and rural sociology. We argue that rural places are a key site where transformative change can, and does occur, and that rural sociologists are ideally positioned to work with and for rural communities in effecting desired change.
Permanent connectedness and its impact on news sharing
Authors: Lee Slgi S.
Published: January 2022

The ubiquitous use of Internet-connected media enables individuals to stay in constant touch with personal contacts in an “always-on” society. Consequently, some individuals have developed the habit of being permanently connected with others through digital media. This article examines the psychological and political consequences of permanent connectedness. Analysis of two independent sets of data collected via a two-wave panel survey and an online experiment reveals that, over time, permanent connection—the behavior of constantly engaging in mediated communication—increased the perception of permanent togetherness with others, which I label as permanently connected perception. This perception was in turn positively associated with news sharing through the belief that information one shares online can instantly be received and responded to by online contacts as it is shared. Findings emphasize the “spillover” influence of permanent connectedness, in which perpetual mediated communication encourages political behavior, news sharing, and the role of the permanently connected perception in mediating this process.
There's no formula for a good mother: shame and estranged maternal labour
Authors: Doonan Christina
Published: January 2022

This article theorises a group of mothers’ experiences of shame as a result of feeding infant formula to their children. Drawing on interviews with formula and breastfeeding mothers, the author brings together insights from scholarship on shame, feminist scholarship on reproductive labour and the Marxist notion of estranged labour to demonstrate that shame causes the formula-feeding mothers in this study, who initially wanted to breastfeed, to be estranged in their labour as mothers. The article addresses a gap in qualitative infant-feeding scholarship, which focuses primarily on breastfeeding. It provides an empathic account framing breastfeeding and formula-feeding mothers as potential allies against ‘controlling images’ of motherhood who face different facets of the same pressure to fulfil idealised roles. Both scholarly work on reproductive labour, and public programmes supporting new mothers, should account more seriously for the experiences of formula feeding mothers.
Public Opinion Leadership in Nursing Practice: A Rogerian Concept Analysis
Authors: van Wijk M. , Lalleman P. C. B. , Cummings G. G. , Engel J.
Published: January 2022

In the Dutch nursing context, work remains in strengthening the voice of nurses serving as frontline health care providers and board members alike. Conceptual clarity of Public Opinion Leadership (POL) in nursing practice is needed to provide attributes, antecedents and consequences for nurses and nurse leaders so they can contribute in the public debate and policy making processes. Using Rodgers’ method of evolutionary concept analysis and the key words “POL,” “lobbying” and “public affairs,” we searched PubMed (including MEDLINE), CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library for articles written in English, published between January 1999 and May 2020, which resulted in a final selection of seven studies. In addition, transcripts of an expert panel discussion regarding POL were analyzed. Attributes of POL are credibility, accessibility, altruism, dynamic networking and sense of systemness. Antecedents are a clinical background, authentic authority, policy and political awareness and strategic skills. The main consequences of POL entail influencing those who are involved in policy making processes, a new generation of public opinion leaders, and the raising of bottom-up political leaders. POL is a relatively new concept for nursing, with increasing interest given the need to ensure quality of care by increasing the use of evidence in clinical practice. POL in nursing practice is defined as the action of influencing public debate regarding policy making processes by maintaining dynamic (social) networks, having a high sense of systemness, and being (clinically) credible, altruistic and accessible to peers and a wide variety of stakeholders.
Provenancing Nineteenth Century Saltpetre From British India Using Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Strontium Isotope Ratios
Authors: Mizota Chitoshi , Hansen Robin , Hosono Takahiro , Okumura Azusa , Shinjo Ryuichi , Aizawa Masataka
Published: January 2022

Highly purified specimen of saltpetre, kept in two glass jars are stored in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom. Historic catalogs of the specimen collection record their acquisition date as 17th March, 1881. The specimen represent heritage of the saltpetre industry during the times of the colonial British India. Chemical analysis shows that they are highly refined, containing only traces of impurities. Dual isotopic composition (δ15N and δ18O) of nitrate implies their intrinsic origin as British India. In addition, relative to highly radiogenic signature of Sr widespread throughout India, less radiogenic strontium (87Sr/86Sr = 0.707859–0.714168) in the specimens suggests that final stages of the refining took place in western India where relevant waters containing pristine Sr were used. Stable isotope geochemistry in combination with history and socio-economy provide new insights into this research area which is not yet fully understood.
Sigma-1 receptors and progesterone metabolizing enzymes in nociceptive sensory neurons of the female rat trigeminal ganglia: A neural substrate for the antinociceptive actions of progesterone
Authors: Hornung Rebecca S , Raut Namrata GR , Cantu Daisy J , Lockhart Lauren M , Averitt Dayna L
Published: January 2022

Orofacial pain disorders are predominately experienced by women. Progesterone, a major ovarian hormone, is neuroprotective and antinociceptive. We recently reported that progesterone attenuates estrogen-exacerbated orofacial pain behaviors, yet it remains unclear what anatomical substrate underlies progesterone’s activity in the trigeminal system. Progesterone has been reported to exert protective effects through actions at intracellular progesterone receptors (iPR), membrane-progesterone receptors (mPR), or sigma 1 receptors (Sig-1R). Of these, the iPR and Sig-1R have been reported to have a role in pain. Progesterone can also have antinociceptive effects through its metabolite, allopregnanolone. Two enzymes, 5α-reductase and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD), are required for the metabolism of progesterone to allopregnanolone. Both progesterone and allopregnanolone rapidly attenuate pain sensitivity, implicating action of either progesterone at Sig-1R and/or conversion to allopregnanolone which targets GABAA receptors. In the present study, we investigated whether Sig-1 Rs are expressed in nociceptors within the trigeminal ganglia of cycling female rats and whether the two enzymes required for progesterone metabolism to allopregnanolone, 5α-reductase and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, are also present. Adult female rats from each stage of the estrous cycle were rapidly decapitated and the trigeminal ganglia collected. Trigeminal ganglia were processed by either fluorescent immunochemistry or western blotting to for visualization and quantification of Sig-1R, 5α-reductase, and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Here we report that Sig-1Rs and both enzymes involved in progesterone metabolism are highly expressed in a variety of nociceptive sensory neuron populations in the female rat trigeminal ganglia at similar levels across the four stages of the estrous cycle. These data indicate that trigeminal sensory neurons are an anatomical substrate for the reported antinociceptive activity of progesterone via Sig-1R and/or conversion to allopregnanolone.
A cross-sectional study of COVID-19-related knowledge, risk perceptions, and preventive practices among pharmacy students in Bangladesh
Authors: Ether Sadia Afruz , Emon Faisal Abdullah , Roknuzzaman ASM , Rakibuzzaman Md , Rahman Fahad Imtiaz , Islam Md Rabiul
Published: January 2022

Objectives:

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is a threat to public health that impacts the life of frontline pharmacists as they are more susceptible to getting infected by the coronavirus. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, risk perceptions, and preventive practices associated with coronavirus disease 2019 among pharmacy students of Bangladesh to evaluate their preparedness as future frontline workers against the ongoing pandemic.

Methods:

An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacy undergraduate students of Bangladesh during the early months of the pandemic in April 2020. Respondents voluntarily submitted an online questionnaire regarding sociodemographics, knowledge, risk perceptions, and preventive practices related to coronavirus disease 2019.

Results:

A total of 418 participants submitted their responses, and we included 395 responses for final analysis. The mean age of the participants was 20.65 years. The study revealed that out of 395 pharmacy students, 68 (17.2%) had high levels of knowledge, 210 (53.2%) possessed high risk perceptions regarding coronavirus disease 2019, and 165 (41.7%) were adopting high levels of preventive practices. Average scores for knowledge, risk perceptions, and preventive practices were 5.7, 8.4, and 8.2 out of 10. Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses showed that having high knowledge levels was associated with high risk perceptions regarding coronavirus disease 2019. Similarly, higher risk perceptions were associated with having high knowledge and preventive measures, while higher preventive measures were associated with female gender, low monthly family income, and having high risk perceptions.

Conclusion:

We found moderate knowledge, risk perceptions, and preventive practices related to coronavirus disease 2019 among the undergraduate pharmacy students. We recommend awareness-building discussions or seminars focusing on pharmacy students. In addition, the upgradation of the existing curriculum may help future pharmacists.