bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF TASTE MASKED QUICK DISSOLVING FILM OF LORNOXICAM
Authors: Shah Kinjal R. , Mehta Tejal A.
Published: July 2017

Rheumatoid arthritis is the chronic painful disease of joint destruction and functional disability needing immediate action with patient compliance. Pain relieving Quick dissolving film (QDF) will be an accurate patient acceptable solution for this condition. Lornoxicam (LXM) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with half life 3-5 hours, complete absorption from GIT (90-100%) having advantage from a tolerability standpoint. LXM has bitter taste thus to improve the palatability, the drug was complexed with Beta Cyclodextrin in different ratios using kneading method by optimizing the kneading time. Taste evaluation was done by human volunteer and UV method. The optimized drug-beta cyclodextrin complex was incorporated in QDF by solvent casting technique using PVA: Pullulan as polymers and PEG 400 as plasticizer. The optimization of concentration of PVA: Pullulan and PEG 400 was done by 32 factorial design to observe its effect on disintegration time, drug release in 20 minutes, tensile strength and folding endurance as dependent variable. The optimized batch QDF1 gave disintegration in 22 second and 98 % drug release in 20 minutes with suitable strength and flexibility. It can be concluded that the development of Quick dissolving film of Lornoxicam could give quick relief from the pain of rheumatoid arthritis with greater compliance compared to other conventional dosage forms.
PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF FLAVONOID EXTRACT OF COAGULATED TOFU (CURDLED SOY MILK) AGAINST ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN RATS
Authors: Yakubu Ndatsu , Mohammed Umaru Alhassan
Published: July 2017

The total flavonoid contents of the various coagulated tofu and the hepatoprotective potential of all tofu flavonoid extracts were investigated. Tofu was prepared from locally sourced coagulants (steep water, alum, lemon, and lemon peel ash extract). Total flavonoid contents of all coagulated tofu were investigated as established in vitro flavonoid assay. The hepatoprotective activities of tofu flavonoid extracts against acetaminophen-induced hepatic cell toxicity in rats was also investigated in this study. The activity was analyzed by assessing the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The concentrations of the serum sugar, total protein, albumin, and cholesterol as well as prothrombin time (PT) of experimental rats with histopathological analysis were also conducted. The range of the total flavonoid contents of tofu was 4.3-6.4 mg/g. Tofu flavonoid extracts significantly reduced the activities of serum AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH; total cholesterol, and sugar levels, but total protein and albumin concentrations increased compared to acetaminophen-intoxicated rats. Also, the prothrombin time prolongation of serum in acetaminophen intoxicated rats was reduced. Histology of the liver tissue demonstrated that tofu flavonoid extracts inhibited the acetaminophen-induced hepatic cell necrosis, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and accelerated hepatocellular regeneration. Therefore, all tofus exhibited high total flavonoid contents, and the tofu supplement in human diets is highly recommended as it can be used as a functional food to prevent liver injuries.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHIOPIAN INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS, OCIMUM LAMIIFOLIUM HOCHST. EX BENTH AND OCIMUM BASILICUM L.
Authors: Nair Suresh Kumar P. , Ganesan Kumar , Azalewor Henok Gulilat , Letha Neethu , Gani Sharmila Banu
Published: July 2017

Antioxidants are the chemical substances which prevent the free radicals damage in the body. Numerous researches are going globally focussed on investigating natural antioxidants of plants origins. The aims of the present study were to evaluate preliminary phytochemical investigation and in vitro antioxidant activities of Ethiopian indigenous medicinal plants, Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth and Ocimum basilicum L. Aqueous, benzene and hexane crude leaves extracts of O. lamiifolium and O. basilicum were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using standard procedures. In addition, we investigated the antioxidant potential of crude aqueous leaves extract of O. lamiifolium and O. basilicum using tests involving inhibition of superoxide anions, DPPH, H2O2, NO and ABTS. Preliminary phytochemical investigation for benzene, hexane and aqueous extracts found alkaloids, sterols, carbohydrate and glycosides, tannins and flavonoids. The fraction inhibition of lipid peroxide at the first stage of oxidation illustrated antioxidant activity of O. lamiifolium and O. basilicum as 90% and 88% compared to those of gallic acid (97%) and BHT (84%) respectively. Also, the aqueous leaves extract of O. lamiifolium and O. basilicum exhibited significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity, nitric acid free radical scavenging activity assay, superoxide anion scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assay. Our findings provide confirmation that the aqueous leaves extract of O. lamiifolium and O. basilicum are potential source of natural antioxidants, and this warranted its uses in traditional medicine systems.
ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ELAEOCARPUS SERRATUS L. IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Geetha DH , Jayashree Indhiramuthu , Rajeswari M
Published: July 2017

To investigate the anti-diabetic activity of Elaeocarpus serratus fruit in streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. The dose-dependent effects of 30days oral treatment with ethanol extracts of fruit (200 and 400 mg/kg) of E. serratus on body weight, blood glucose level, total protein, albumin, liver marker enzymes and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were evaluated in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration ethanolic extract of fruit of E. serratus showed significant restoration of the body weight and decrease in the blood glucose level, liver marker enzymes (ALT, AST ALP) and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were observed in diabetic rats. These results suggest that fruit extract of E. serratus has valuable anti-diabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats which is comparable to the standard drug glibenclamide and hence might be of use in the management of diabetes.
ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF WATER-ETHANOL EXTRACT OF MUSANGA CECROPIOIDES STEM BARK
Authors: Nyunaï Nyemb , Yaya Abel Joël Gbaweng , Tabi Thierry Gilbert Nkoulou , Tchamgoue Armelle Deutou , Ngondé Marie Chantal , Minka Christine Sara Minka
Published: July 2017

The study investigated the effect of Musanga cecropioides (MC) water-ethanol stem bark extract on blood glucose level in both hyperglycemic loaded glucose rats and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, and evaluated its antioxidant capacity. The Wistar rats were induced diabetes after fasting. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was conducted on normoglycemic rats, and anti-hyperglycemic test on diabetic rats; five groups with five rats each were constituted. Group 1: negative control was treated with vehicle; Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 were treated with increasing water-ethanol extract (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg b.w); Group 5 was the positive control, treated with glibenclamide. The antioxidant capacity of the extract was also evaluated by measuring the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content, and radical scavenging activity of water-ethanol stem bark extract. In OGTT the water-ethanol extract of MC, at the dose of 300 mg/kg, significantly lowered the Area under Curve (AUC) induced by glucose. In STZ diabetic rats, the extract significantly lowered the AUC of blood glucose, at all doses. Glibenclamide was more efficient in both OGTT and anti-hyperglycemic test. The MC extract presented relevant antioxidant activity with IC50 = 6.23 mg/mL. Both the Total Phenolic Content and the Total Flavonoid Content increased in a dose-dependent manner. The correlation of DPPH % free radical scavenged and Total Flavonoid Content was positive and statistically significant. MC water-ethanol extract possesses a good antioxidant potential, and could be helpful to lower hyperglycemic state associated with diabetes.
ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOLIC LEAVES EXTRACTS OF DISSOTIS MULTIFLORA TRIANA (MELASTOMATACEAE)
Authors: Désiré Afagnigni Alian , Ascension Nyegue Maximilienne , Florentine Ndoye Foe Chantal , Steve Voundi Olugu , Christine Fonkoua Marie , Francois-Xavier Etoa
Published: July 2017

Dissotis multiflora leaves are commonly used in the Cameroon traditional medicine to heal infectious diseases without solid scientific basis. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening, in vitro antibacterial activity, phenol content and antioxidant activity of its ethanolic leaves extracts. Antibacterial test was assessed by agar well diffusion and microdilution methods against seven clinical isolates species namely Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus cereus. Total phenol content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu test while antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinons, steroids and flavonoids. Extract inhibited the growth of all species tested with inhibition zone diameter ranged from 10.33 ± 1.24 mm (Klebsiella pneumoniae) to 28 ± 2.94 mm (Shigella flexneri) and MIC varying between 97.65µg/ml (Salmonella typhi) and 781µg/ml (Bacillus cereus and Enterobacter cloacae). Total phenol content was found to be 813.68 ± 1.27 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g of dry material. The scavenging kinetics of DPPH by Dissotis multiflora extracts shows a steady state at 60 minutes while EC50 was 0.7 × 103 g/mol in DPPH. FRAP assay shows a reducing power of 7 ± 0.35 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g of dry material. ABTS assay displayed an inhibition percentage of 93.269% at 4.54µg/ml. These results justify the use of Dissotis multiflora in traditional medicine to heal diarrhea and can be use as potential biomolecules reservoir.
EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN ANALOGUE, 2, 6-BIS (2, 5-DIMETHOXYBENZYLIDENE) CYCLOHEXANONE (BDMC33) ON THE ACTIVITIES OF DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN CULTURED CACO-2 CELL MODEL
Authors: Yakubu Ndatsu , Ahmad Syahida , Abas Faridah , Mohammed Umaru Alhassan
Published: July 2017

Poor systemic delivery of curcumin outside the gut due to its rapid metabolism has severely limited its application to many chronic diseases. Previously, our research group synthesized curcumin analogues 2, 6-bis (2, 5-dimethoxybenzylidene) cyclohexanone (BDMC33) that has potent anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of curcumin analog (BDMC33) on the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes in Caco-2 cells, which was compared with that of curcumin and 3-(2-Fluoro-benzylidene)-5-(2-fluorocyclohexylmethylene)-piperidin-4-one (EF-24). BDMC-33 was synthesized through the appropriate reaction of the aromatic aldehyde with cyclohexanone, under base catalyzed aldol condensation, at the ratio of ketone: aldehyde (1:2). Activity of drug metabolizing enzymes such as NADPH-cytochrome p450 reductase (CPR), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and Sulfotransferase (SULT) in Caco-2 cells were evaluated upon exposure to 50µM of BDMC33, curcumin, and EF-24, separately, for 4 hours. The BDMC33, EF-24, and curcumin treatments did not affect the activities of UGT, GST, SULT, and CPR in respect to their controls (29.45, 27.18, 23.64 and 2.08µmol/mg), respectively, at all periods of incubation. Hence, BDMC33 was able to maintain the activities of both phases I and II drug metabolizing enzymes, and therefore it could be a potential lead, anti-inflammatory agents.
IN SILICO ADME AND TOXICITY STUDY OF SOME SELECTED ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS
Authors: Sharma Chandra Shekhar , Mishra Shashank Shekher , Singh Hamendra Pratap , Kumar Neeraj
Published: July 2017

Cancer is a serious health problem that recognized as a group of diseases involving uncontrolled cell growth. Majority of cancer chemotherapeutic agents have serious toxicity profile. Due to this use of these agents are limited. Therefore, it is essential requirement for developing new chemotherapeutic agents to devoid toxicity. In this research work, we study the pharmacokinetic, toxicity and bioactivity profile of few selected chemotherapeutic agents by In silico method. These research investigations provide the lead for the development of new cancer chemotherapeutic agents with lesser toxicity and more effectiveness.
Demanda turística por destinos com severas limitações de acesso: casos brasileiros
Authors:   Instituto Federal de São Paulo (Brasil), Santos Glauber E.O. , Perinotto André R. C. ,   Universidade Federal do Piauí (Brasil), Silveira Carlos E. ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná (Brasil), Medaglia Juliana ,   Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (Brasil), Lobo Heros A. S. ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná (Brasil), Minasse Maria H. S. G. G. ,   Universidade Anhembi Morumbi (Brasil), Travassos Luiz E. P. ,   Pontíficia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (Brasil)
Published: July 2017

One of the main strategies of the Brazilian Tourism Ministry to increase tourist flows at national destinations was the nomination of 65 key destinations for tourism in the country. This research aimed to analyze the leisure tourism demand for key destinations with severe access limitations. A survey was conducted with tourists of 3 selected key destinations: Diamantina (MG), Parnaíba (PI) and Lençóis (BA). The main findings indicate the predominance of tourists of middle age, males and varied income levels. São Paulo is the single most important market for all 3 destinations. Among the main conclusions are the questioning of the key role of these destinations for tourism, and the positive opinion of tourists about access conditions, despite the large distances travelled (average of 1,333 Km) and the fact that a significant share of them used mainly inland modes of transport
Applying Transition Action Detail Strategy on Written Text of EFL Young Learners
Authors: Sari Yeasy Agustina
Published: July 2017

Mastering English, as foreign language need a lot of time since it is a continuing process. English foreign language of young learners, however, can’t be mastered by memorizing. The young learners should have strategy, which can be used as the direction of the classroom activites to help the students enhancing of language skill, specially in writting. There were the problem to be solved in this study, namely the students have difficult to construct the written text. The strategies which were used in the learning process were boring. Hence, the researcher tried to solve students’ difficulty in written text through Transition Action Detail Strategy. This study focused on two variables. The independent variable was Transition Action Detail Strategy, meanwhile dependent variable was written text. The researcher used true experimental design which consist of control group and experimental group. The subject of this research was students of young learner at the eight grade of English Course at Payakumbuh.

The result revealed that Transition Action Detail Strategy was a good strategy that can influence the students’ narrative text. By using df.70, the writer not found it in the table. Because 70 was higher than 60 and smaller than 120. Then, the results from interpolation by using df.70, it could be known that the critical value of   t-table for the 5% level was 1.990, the critical value of t-table for the 1% level was 2.638. From these all the data analysis, it can be seen that t-observed (4.763) was higher than t-table (5% =1.990, 1% = 2.638). The data confirm that t-observed  is higher than t-table, therefore it can be inferred that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. It means that there is significant influence of applying Transition Action Detail Strategy on Wwritten Text of Young learners.

 

Key words: Transition Action Detail Strategy, Young Learners, English Foreign Language, English  Course.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KREATIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA MENGGUNAKAN METODE TANYA JAWAB PADA MATA PELAJARAN TEMATIK
Authors: Sukamti Titik
Published: July 2017

Upaya peningkatan kreativitas belajar siswa menggunakan metode tanya jawab pada mata pelajaran tematik kelas iii sdn4 sritejokencono kecamatan kota gajah kabupaten lampung tengah tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Tujuan PTK (Penelitian Tindak Kelas) adalah kegiatan tolak ukur untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan yang dilakukan oleh guru. Dalam PTK masalah-masalah yang muncul dalam pembelajaran akan diselesaikan dengan penggunaan suatu metode. Penelitian mencari solusi masalah di kelas dengan menggunakan Metode Tanya Jawab agar siswa kelas III termotivasi dalam mata Pelajaran Tematik dengan maksimal. Langkah analisis dilakukan dengan perencanaan tindakan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, refleksi dan evaluasi. Penelitian kegiatan tersebut melalui beberapa siklus.

 

Kata Kunci : Tematik, Metode Tanya Jawab
Pengaruh Kemampuan Analisis terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Ditinjau dari Intellegent Quotion (IQ)
Authors: Setiawan Agus
Published: July 2017

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of analytical on learning achievement viewed from IQ. This research used the causal comparative research with the factorial design of 3 x 3. Its population was all of the students of mathematics education in Islamic Institute Of Ma’arif NU Metro Lampung. The samples of the research were taken by using the random sampling. The instruments used to gather the data of the research were test of learning achievement in Mathematics, test of analytical individu and test of IQ of the students. Prior to their use, both the test were tried out. Their contents were validated by the related experts. The reliability of the instruments was tested by using the Cronbach Alpha formula. The discrimination power of the test and the internal consistency of the questionnaire used Karl Pearson’s product moment correlation formula. The pre-requisite tests of the research included the normality test by using Lilliefors test and homogeneity test by using Bartlett test. The proposed hypotheses of the research were tested by using the two-way analysis of variance with unbalanced cells. The results of the research are as follows. 1) The students with high IQ have a better learning achievement in Mathematics than students with moderate IQ. 2) The students with the high analytical individu have a better learning achievement in Mathematics than those with the moderate and low analytical individu, and the students with the moderate analytical individu have a better learning achievement in Mathematics than those with the low analytical individu. 3) There was interaction among analytical and IQ on learning achievement mathematics.
Analisis Kesalahan Mahasiswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Negasi Pernyataan Majemuk pada Logika Matematika
Authors: Mutia Mutia
Published: July 2017

This research aims to determine what kind of mistakes made PGMI students even semester of the academic year 2016/2017 in solving the problem of compound statement negation on mathematical logic and to know the alternative solution. The type of this research is descriptive research with qualitative approach. The research instrument used in this research is mathematical logic test and interview. The data analyzed is the result of student work on the worksheet that made a mistake. The results of this study indicate that students experience some errors that are marking errors, mistranslate logic symbols, concept errors, mistakes remembering the truth value in the statement truth table, and error concluded. After knowing the types of mistakes made by students in working on the question of negation of compound statements, then the alternative solution that can be given to this research problem is to use learning techniques that enable students to think well Like discussing, speaking and writing in front of the class to explain Directly so that students can retain their memories much longer, emphasizing the importance of much work on the matter by watching the right symbols or practicing remembering and writing symbols through the questions, giving repetitive exercise of different types of questions, and routine assignments To be memorized by truth values in mathematical logic.
Apigenin-7-O-Β-D-Glucuronide Methyl Ester Isolated from Manilkara zapota Leaves
Authors: K Kamalakararao , K Krishna Chaitanya , K. Gopalakrishnan V. , Hagos Zenebe , Arefaye Kalayu Mesfin , Noyola Patricia Ponce , P. John Dogulas , Naidu Tentu Kasi , D. Govinda Rao
Published: July 2017

In nature there are numerous plants available with medicinal properties. Around 70 % of medicinal plants are found in
tropical areas of India. The search for natural products and compounds derived from natural sources has played a vital role
in drug discovery due to their pharmacological importance. Compounds isolated from botanical sources remain an
important source of several clinically useful anti-inflammatory agents. Manilkara zapota is a large, evergreen forest tree
belongs to family sapotaceae. It is commonly known as chiku (Hindi), sofeda (Bengali) sapodilla and sapoti (French),
chickle tree, hase berry, tree potato (English). Manilkara zapota is a species of lowland rain forest. Manilkara zapota and
its different parts have been traditionally used for alleviating inflammation related diseases such as arthritis, cancer and
skin infections. The present study aims to isolate, structurally characterize and analyze the bioactive compound from
Manilkara zapota by using chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques on the basis of inhibitory effects on sPLA2
by activity guided fractionation of ethyl acetate extract of Manilkara zapota leaves. Among the six fractions (F1-F6) tested
fraction-5 showed significant inhibitory effects on sPLA2 activity hence fraction -5 was further subjected to structural
analysis for identification of bioactive compounds by using analytical techniques such as TLC, HPLC, FT-IR, LC-MS and
1H ,13C NMR studies. The isolated compound identified as apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester.
Cleome viscose: A Review on Ethnobotany and Pharmacology Uses
Authors: J. Singh C. , C. Mehta , S. Yashwant
Published: July 2017

Herbal medicine is the oldest form of health care system known to mankind. Herbs had been used by all cultures through
history. Herbs are the potential source of chemical constituents that have a high therapeutic value. Herbal medicines are
now in high demand in the developing world for primary health care not because they are cheap but also for better cultural
acceptance, better compatibility with the human body and minimal side effects. This review summarizes the research on
Cleome viscose Linn. (Capparidaceae), commonly known as "wild mustard or dog", is an annual sticky herb that is found
in all plains of India and throughout the tropics of the world. The whole plant and its parts (leaves, seeds, and roots) are
widely used in traditional and folk medicine systems. In traditional systems of medicine, the plant is reported to have
beneficial effects such as anthelmintic, antiseptic, carminative, antiscorbutic, sudorific, febrifuge and cardiac stimulant.
Following the various traditional claims for the use of C. viscosa (CV) as a cure for numerous diseases, researchers have
made considerable efforts to verify their usefulness through scientific pharmacological examinations. Pharmacological
studies have shown that CV has several notable biological activities, such as anthelmintic, antimicrobial, analgesic,
antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antipyretic, psychoprotein, wound healing, antimalarial, antiemetic, antitumor,
antioxidant, antidiarrheal and hepatoprotective. The present review is an effort to consolidate the traditional,
ethnobotanical, and pharmacological information available in C. viscosa.
Urban landscape evolution as a consequence of an invasive pest: The case of a small sicilian town
Authors: Schimmenti Emanuele , Borsellino Valeria , Ingrassia Giuseppe , Peri Ezio , Farina Vittorio , Guarino Salvatore
Published: July 2017

The Red Palm Weevil (RPW), after its accidental introduction in Italy in 2005, determined a progressive disruption of Canary palms mostly in the central and southern regions. As it is difficult to undertake the management of this pest, the possibility of substituting the killed/symptomatic palms with other ornamental trees has been recently discussed. In this context, understanding the citizens' needs about green areas can improve the management of public parks and urban greening. Involving citizens on the natural resource management using public participation processes is crucial. The case study of a small town of Sicily (Italy) was treated and the spread of this pest was monitored. Moreover, the possibility of substituting the killed palms with other ornamentals was discussed by involving a sample of the population through a direct survey aimed at detecting the preferences in respect to certain tree species (as potential substitutes of the killed palms) listed in a questionnaire administered face-to-face. The citizen's samples showed great interest in the green areas (97%) and indicated a traditional Mediterranean plant as Nerium oleander as the preferred palm substitute candidate.
Evaluation of methanolic extract of Phragmites karka on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rat
Authors: Rehman Atta ur , Liaqat Manal , Asghar Rabia , Syed Nawazish-i-Husain
Published: July 2017

Phragmites karka has been reported for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Here, extracts of leaf and rhizome of the plant were individually investigated in CCl4-induced hepatofibrosis in male Wistar rats by administering CCl4 intraperitoneally biweekly for 6 weeks.  Afterwards the animals were investigated for liver fibrosis at biochemical, molecular and histological levels, and it showed a profound increase (p<0.001) in elevation of serum levels of transaminases, ?-glutamyl transpeptidase, mRNA expression of ? smooth muscle actin, collagen and transforming growth factor beta (TGF?), and extracellular matrix deposition and perilobular necrosis. Both extracts markedly (p<0.001) decreased the elevated levels of these markers. Histopathological investigations also substantiated the above results by exhibiting a decreased in extracellular matrix deposition in post-treatment animals. In conclusion, both extracts had substantially modified the biochemical and molecular markers of liver fibrosis, in addition to histological improvement in architecture of liver.
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Symposium on Environmental Chemistry for Securing Water Quality
Authors: Dawlatana Mamtaz
Published: July 2017

This Special Issue contains the abstracts from the "Symposium on Environmental Chemistry for Securing Water Quality" which was held on 30th July 2017 at the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh. Organised by the Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research (BJSIR).Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52 (Special Issue), 1-63, 2017
Computational Study of Solvation Free Energy, Dipole Moment, Polarizability, Hyperpolarizability and Molecular Properties of Betulin, a Constituent of Corypha taliera (Roxb.)
Authors: Khan Mohammad Firoz , Rashid Ridwan Bin , Hossain Md Aslam , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: July 2017

Ab initio calculations were carried out to studysolvation free energy, dipole moment, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), Mulliken charge distribution, polarizability, hyperpolarizability and different molecular properties like global reactivity descriptors (chemical hardness, softness, chemical potential, electronegativity, electrophilicity index) of betulin. B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory was used to optimize the structure both in gas phase and in solution. The solvation free energy, dipole moment and molecular properties were calculated by applying the Solvation Model on Density (SMD) in six solvent systems namely water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, n-octanol, chloroform and carbontetrachloride. The solvation free energy of betulin increases with decreasing polarity of the solvent. No systematic trend of hyperpolarizability with solvent polarity is found. Molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) and Mulliken population analysis (MPA) reveal that the most possible sites for nucleophilic attack are C30, H76 and H77 and electrophilic attack are O1 and O2 among the atoms in betulin. However, the dipole moment, polarizability, chemical potential, electronegativity and electrophilicity index of betulin increase on going from non-polar to polar solvents. Chemical hardness was also increased with decreasing polarity of the solvent and opposite relation was found in the case of softness. These results provide better understanding of the stability and reactivity of betulin in different solvent systems.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 1-9, 2017 (June)
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Amine Derivatives of 5-[5-(Chloromethyl)-1, 3, 4-Oxadiazol-2-yl]- 2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-Pyridine as a New Class of Anticancer Agents
Authors: Vinayak Adimule , Sudha Medapa , Lalita Kumar S
Published: July 2017

A linear strategy was adopted in synthesizing the novel amine derivatives 7(a-h) of 5-[5- (chloromethyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-pyridine (6) and screened these compounds for in vitro anticancer activity against three human cancer cell lines (HeLa,Caco-2 and HepG2). The synthesised novel compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, MS and 13C NMR spectroscopic evidences. Microwave irradiation of compound (5) in presence of chloroacetyl chloride and phosphoryl oxychloride yielded the dehydrated cyclized key intermediate 5-[5-(chloromethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-pyridine which upon treatment with various primary or secondary amines (a-h) resulted into the corresponding amine derivatives. The IC50 values of the final compounds were compared with that of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) taken as the standard. Compounds 7a and 7d were found to be highly cytotoxic against HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 2.6 ?M (IC50 = 34.0 ± 0.5 ?M) and 5.8 ?M (IC50 = 112 ± 1.4 ?M) respectively. The compound (7f) alone was found to have high cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cell lines with IC50 value of 2.3 ?M (IC50 = 87 ± 2.6 ?M).Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 11-19, 2017 (June)
Development of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Ertapenem in Bulk Drug and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Jain Ruchi , Jain Nilesh , Jain Deepak Kumar , Singh Avineesh , Jain Surendra Kumar
Published: July 2017

A simple, inexpensive, rapid and novel stability indicating isocratic HPLC method has been developed and validated for quantitative analysis of ertapenem sodium in the bulk drug and in pharmaceutical dosage form. An isocratic separation of ertapenem sodium was achieved on Hypersil BDS C18 column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 ? particle size) as the stationary phase with a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min and using a UV detector to monitor the eluate at 298 nm. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile : water (60:40v/v) and pH adjusted 2.9 by othophosphoric acid enabled separation of the drug from its degradation products. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision, specificity and robustness. The linearity of the method was satisfactory over the range 2-10 ?g/ml (correlation coefficient 0.999). Recovery of ertapenem sodium from the pharmaceutical dosage form ranged from 99.97 to 103.7%. Ertapenem sodium was subjected to stress conditions [hydrolysis (acid, base), oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation] and the samples were analyzed by this method. The forceddegradation study with ertapenem sodium showed that it was degraded under basic condition. The drug was stable under the other stress conditions investigated. Ertapenem sodium was found to be less stable in solution state, whereas it was comparatively much stable in solid state. The degradation products were well resolved from main peak. The forced degradation study prove the stability indicating power of the method and therefore, the validated method may be useful for routine analysis of ertapenem sodium as bulk drug, in respective dosage forms, for dissolution studies and as stability indicating assay method in pharmaceutical laboratories and industries.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 21-28, 2017 (June)
Assessment of Quality of Life in Female Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Masarykova Lucia , Lehocka Lubica , Fulmekova Magdalena , Polakova Daniela
Published: July 2017

Breast cancer is an oncological disease which affects to a large group of women. Despite being more aware of the disease now-a-days than it was in the past, a lot of women still die from the disease. The aim of the survey was to assess the quality of life among women suffering from breast cancer. To achieve this aim, a survey based on the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire and the QLQ-BR23 module, which measured respondents´ physical, psychological and social functions, were used. Female breast cancer patients from the Tur?ianske Venue Citizens Association and those attending the Ligaprotirakovine Cancer Centre in Martin were included in the study. Elderly female patients average in their sixties, mostly with cancer in remission were involved. According to our findings, most of the female patients have had some difficulty doing physical activities and taking long strolls. Sleep problems and pain are also making the quality of their life worse. Lot of them have been getting a pain in their swollen arm and oversensitive breast. Most of the female patients reached an average QL2 score, which means an average quality of life. There were only two female patients with a QL2 score of 0, which means a very bad quality of life. However, three female patients had a QL2 score of 100, which means a very good quality of life. Based on our results, the quality of life for most of our female patients was average despite having some problems.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 29-36, 2017 (June)
Determination of ?iroctone Olamine (Octopirox) in Bulk by UV Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: Antypenko Lyudmyla M , Solodovnyk Vitaliy A
Published: July 2017

A simple and low-cost UV-spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the quantification of Octopirox in bulk. The linearity was found at 307 ± 1 nm in 10-50 ?g/ml solution of ethanol-water (1:3, v:v) with r2 = 0.99. The limit of detection was found to be 1.18 µg/ml, while the limit of quantification was 3.58 µg/ml. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, range, ruggedness and robustness.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 37-42, 2017 (June)
Tocopherols, Polyprenols and Steroids from Passiflora edulis and Bioactivities of its Extractives
Authors: Aziz Md Abdul , Ahsan Monira , Hasan Choudhury Mahmood , Masud Mohammad Mehedi
Published: July 2017

?-tocopherol (1), ?-tocopherol (2), polyprenol-12 (3), polyprenol-15 (4), stigmasterol and ?-sitosterol were isolated from the yellow flavicarpa variety of leaves of Passiflora edulis. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using 1H-NR and 13C-NMR spectral analysis. The organic and aqueous soluble fractions of crude methanolic extract were evaluated for the antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antimicrobial activities. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the aqueous soluble fraction displayed maximum activity having IC50 value of 139.56?g/ml. On the other hand, dichloromethane soluble fraction revealed maximum cytotoxic (LC50 24.17?g/ml) and thrombolytic (14.49% clot lysis) activities, when compared to the respective blanks.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 55-60, 2017 (June)
Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Constituents from Bridelia verrucosa Haines Growing in Bangladesh
Authors: Anjum Adeeba , Sultan Md Zakir , Hasan Choudhury M , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: July 2017

Fractionation and purification of methanolic extract of stem bark of the Bridelia verrucosa growing in Bangladesh afforded glochidonol (1), brassicasterol (2), friedelin (3), 5?-24S-ethylchoestane-3?-ol (4), stigmasterol (5), ketooleanane (6), 5-5'-dihydroxy sesamine (7) and pinoresinol (8). Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 are the first report of their isolation from the plant while compound 7 appear to be a new isolate from natural source. The isolated compounds exhibited cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp nauplii having significant LC50 and LC90 values and moderate to strong antimicrobial activity against 13 Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains and 3 fungi. Compound 8 showed highest inhibition of growth of microorganisms with zone of inhibition of 16.7 mm against Shigella dysenteriae. Compounds 1-4 and 6-8 also revealed moderate free radical scavenging activity, in DPPH assay.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 61-68, 2017 (June)
In silico Assessment of the Genotypic Distribution of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Nahar Nusrat , Rashid Ridwan Bin
Published: July 2017

Vibrio cholerae has long been reported as an important cause of death in developing countries. The study detected the virulence and antibiotic resistance gene of eight V. cholerae isolates through in silico tools. Cholera toxins, ctxA and ctxB were found in six isolates (75%). Seventy-five percent isolates were also found to be positive for zonula occludens toxin, zot which is known to increase the permeability by altering the tight junction of the small intestine. Accessory cholera enterotoxin ace, responsible for fluid accumulation, was detected in four V. cholerae strains. Seven isolates (87.5%) were positive for toxin-coregulated pilus, tcp which helps the bacteria to adhere to gut mucosa. Both ompW and toxR genes were found in 87.5% of the isolates. Twenty-five percent isolates harboured strA, strB, sulII, dfrA1, floR genes and SXT element demonstrating that they were multidrug-resistant (MDG) bacterium. One isolate was found to be positive for tetA gene while no erythromycin resistance gene, ermA and ermB was found. Virulence genes were found in all genotypes indicating that their distribution was not genotypeoriented while genotype 2 harboured no antibiotic resistance genes. This data helps to predict virulence genes associated with cholera and also demonstrates the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. Bacteria acquired the antibiotic resistance gene through natural process which cannot be stopped. So by analyzing the resistance pattern we can choose appropriate antibiotics. In silico study helps us to predict the antibiotic resistant genotypes and can easily identify antibiotic resistant strains which help us to treat cholera infections and reduce the morbidity and mortality rate of the infected individuals.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 77-85, 2017 (June)
QbD Approach for the Development and Validation of RP-UHPLC Method for Quantitation of Vildagliptin
Authors: Sultana Sharifa , Kumar Uttom , Hossain Md Shahadat , Lira Dilshad Noor , Rouf Abu Shara Shamsur
Published: July 2017

The present work describes a quality by design (QbD)-based rapid, simple, precise and robust RPUHPLC method for the routine analysis of vildagliptin in bulk drug and in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved by a X-bridge C18 column with isocratic elution of mobile phase containing mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 67:33(v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the detection was done at 239 nm with photo-diode array plus (PDA+) detector. The optimization of chromatographic method was carried out by QbD approach using design of experiments (DoE). Two factors utilized for the experimental design of the method were (i) independent variables which comprise percentages of acetonitrile in mobile phase and flow rate and (ii) co-variates which include the retention time, tailing factor and theoretical plates. This design was statistically analyzed by ANOVA, normal plot of residual, box-cox plot for power transform, perturbation, counter plot and 3D response surfaces plots. This was further validated as per the requirements of ICHQ2B guidelines for linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness. The results showed that proposed method is simple, sensitive and highly robust for routine analysis of vildagliptin.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 107-117, 2017 (June)
Phylogenetic Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Virulence Genes of Klebsiella species in silico
Authors: Nahar Nusrat , Rashid Ridwan Bin
Published: July 2017

A total of twelve isolates were screened for virulence and antibiotic resistance genes associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. Virulence and antibiotic resistance genes were detected by in silico PCR amplification. Iron uptake protein entB was detected in 66.67% (n=8) of the isolates while no isolate was found to harbour chelating agent irp2. Iron uptake system kfu, involved in purulent tissue infections and capsule formation, was identified in 25% (n=3) of the isolates. Regulator of mucoid phenotype A, rmpA was not found in any of the isolates. The wabG gene, responsible for urinary tract infections was found in seven K. pneumoniae strains. Five uge positive strains might play role in the pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae infections. About 83.33% of the isolates were positive for type 1 fimbriae fimH1 while no type 3 fimbriae mrkD gene was found. Complement reaction blocked by plasmid traT gene was not observed in Klebsiella species while eight isolates harboured outer membrane lipoprotein, ycfM which protects Klebsiella species from antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance genes blaTEM and blaSHV were detected in 33.33% (n=4) and 66.67% (n=8) of the isolates while 25% isolates carried both blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Genotype 1 carried fimH1 and ycfM genes while all the virulence genes studied were present in genotype 2 and 3. The blaSHV gene was detected in all the genotypes while blaTEM gene was found in only genotype 1 and 3. The findings of this study would be helpful to predict virulence gene associated with Klebsiella infections. This data also helps us to choose antibiotics for treating Klebsiella infections. By assessing the genotypic distribution of antibiotic resistance gene, correct antibiotic can be used to treat the infection. This could help reduce emergence of antibiotic resistance since it is known that incorrect choice of antibiotics contributes to antibiotic resistance.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 119-127, 2017 (June)
Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria with Biochemical and Pharmacological Importance from Soil Samples of Dhaka City
Authors: Begum Kohinur , Mannan Sultana Juhara , Rezwan Refaya , Rahman Md Mahinur , Rahman Md Shajidur , Kamal Alam Nur E
Published: July 2017

We studied soil samples from Dhaka municipality area to isolate and characterize bacteria having potential biochemical and pharmacological importance. Total twenty five soil samples were collected from fish, vegetables and fruits dump area from Dhaka City. Bacterial population was sub-cultured in trypticase soya agar (TSA) plate. Nineteen colonies were isolated, cultured and characterized by gram staining and biochemical tests. Six isolates were found to be gram negative while thirteen were gram positive. All isolates were positive in oxidase, catalase, citrate, and protease tests. Eight isolates showed coagulase negative and nine were coagulase positive. It was found that all bacterial isolates were sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and ceftriaxone. About 95% of the bacterial isolates were resistant to penicillin-G and ampicillin. About 89%, 26%, 21% and 11% of the bacterial isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid and erythromycin, respectively. It was found that bacterial isolates produce chemical(s) inhibitory to other bacterial strains including both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Further studies are needed to characterize the potential antibacterial factor(s) and other bioactive compound (s) present in these bacterial isolates from soil samples.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 129-136, 2017 (June)
Role of Bronchial Brush Cytology in Diagnosis of Central Bronchial Carcinoma
Authors: Sultana Bilkis , Patwary Md Ismail , Rahman Matiur , Islam SAHM Meshbahul , Hossain Delwar
Published: July 2017

Background : Despite the advances in imaging techniques and treatment modalities, the prognosis of lung cancer remains poor, with five-year survival of 14% at early stages and less than 5% in locally advanced stages. Before starting treatment a clear distinction between small cell and nonsmall cell carcinoma must be made, for that histopathology remains the mainstay of confirmation of diagnosis. To combat the disease successfully, it should be diagnosed at earliest possible stage. If bronchial brush cytology yield comparable diagnostic specificity, then it may easy for the patient and physician to manage this fatal disease.Purpose : The study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of bronchial brush cytology in central (endoscopically visible) bronchial carcinomaSubjects and methods: This cross sectional study was done in the Department of Medicine, and Respiratory Medicine units of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet during the period from July 2012 to June 2014.Thirty seven patients with clinically suspected bronchial carcinoma were enrolled in this study fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In all cases bronchial brush cytology and endo-bronchial biopsy were performed and results of both techniques were comparedReasults: The mean age of the patients with bronchial carcinoma was 59.65 (SD 12.95) years; 28 (75.7%) patients were 51 years or above with a ratio of male to female of 17.5:1. The sensitivity of bronchial brush cytology in the diagnosis of central bronchial carcinoma was 89.2% and that of endobronchial biopsy was 67.6%, no true negative cases were detected. Five (13.5%) patients developed respiratory distress and minor bleeding in 4 (10.8%) as a complications of bronchoscopy procedure.Conclusion: The diagnostic yield of bronchial brush cytology is non inferior to than that of endobronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of central bronchial carcinoma.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(2): 68-74
Pre-pulseless Takayasu Arteritis Presenting with Hypertension
Authors: Islam SM Shaheedul , Nasrin Sahela , Cader F Aaysha , Haq M Maksumul , Md Taimur Syed Dawood
Published: July 2017

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic granulomatous vasculitic disease of the aorta and its major branches, predominantly affecting young females of Asian origin. Also known as Aortic arch syndrome, the condition has been better documented as the Pulse less disease leading to claudication, bruits, absent or reduced brachial or radial pulses and aortic incompetence. However, a prepulseless stage of TA exists, characterized by non-specific constitutional symptoms, hypertension and raised inflammatory markers. We report the case of an 18- year-old Bangladeshi female presenting with hypertension, moderate to severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and fever, diagnosed and treated as a case of pre-pulseless TA.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(2): 91-96