bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speech-Language Pathology Interventions for Children With Executive Function Deficits: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Senter Reed , Chow Jason C. , Willis Emma C.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this synthesis was to systematically review the research and guidance for school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who provide intervention to children with developmental executive function (EF) deficits, particularly those children with co-occurring developmental language disorder (DLD).

Method:

We conducted a structured search of four major electronic databases, as well as a manual review of references and journals, which yielded 4,571 nonduplicate articles. We screened first titles and abstracts and then full texts to identify peer-reviewed articles, dissertations, and theses containing research or guidance for SLPs' interventions for children with co-occurring DLD and EF deficits; this process yielded 27 articles for analysis. We categorized these studies by type of publication and synthesized their contents to assess the evidence base for EF interventions in children with DLD and to evaluate the guidance for SLP-implemented direct and indirect interventions.

Results:

A small body of research explores the efficacy of SLPs' intervention for children with co-occurring DLD and EF deficits, generally finding modest but inconsistent effects of cognitive interventions and strategy training to improve language outcomes. Meanwhile, nonempirical articles (e.g., tutorials) offer guidance to SLPs to support students with EF deficits through direct and indirect services.

Conclusions:

A growing body of literature equips SLPs with the principles and strategies of EF intervention. Many of these articles are sourced from literature about children with EF deficits or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, but few empirical studies measure the efficacy of these interventions for children with co-occurring DLD.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21401901
A novel spectral peak estimator based on underdetermined equation
Authors: Chen Bingbing , Sun Yufa
Published: October 2022

This letter develops a fast spectral peak estimation method, which is inspired by the theory of compressed sensing (CS). In this work, the measurement procedure of the CS is employed to construct an underdetermined equation, and then a low complexity spectral peak search method is established by using a priori knowledge of signal amplitude. Compared with other frequency estimation methods, the proposed method requires only 10% inner products demanded to obtain the spectral peak positions, and this method can be introduced into any existing discrete Fourier transform (DFT)‐based interpolation methods. Experimental results show that the proposed method yields nearly the same accuracy as other interpolation methods, but with lower computational demands.
Tunable and reconfigurable bandstop filters enabled by optically controlled switching elements
Authors: Li Peizhao , Shi Yu , Deng Yijing , Fay Patrick , Liu Lei
Published: October 2022

The authors report a novel approach for designing tunable and reconfigurable bandstop filters by employing bias‐free optically‐controlled photoconductive radio frequency (RF) switching elements. To verify the effectiveness of the approach, a bandstop filter with two stopbands centred at 4.05 and 4.75 GHz was designed using a split‐ring‐coupled microstrip transmission line on RO3010 substrates. To enable reconfigurability, a micromachined Si chip with a thickness of ∼73 μm was embedded in the gap of each resonator. The tuning and reconfiguring of the filter are accomplished by selectively illuminating the Si chips using fibre‐coupled laser diodes with a wavelength of 808 nm. By turning on and off each laser diode, the filter stop bands can be dynamically reconfigured. In addition, the suppression of each stop band can be continuously and independently tuned by changing the light intensity from 0 to 20 W/cm2. With geometric scaling, this approach is promising for realizing a novel class of compact and high‐performance tunable and/or reconfigurable circuits from the microwave to mmW‐THz region.
Vehicle to everything in the power grid (V2eG): A review on the participation of electric vehicles in power grid economic dispatch
Authors: Ke Song , Chen Lei , Yang Jun , Li Gaojunjie , Wu Fuzhang , Ye Li , Wei Wei , Wang Yingchun
Published: October 2022

The increasing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) and the enhanced energy storage capability of batteries have made EVs adjustable resources in economic dispatching for power grids. The guidance and control of discharging EVs have become issues with ever‐increasing concerns, and the EVs can be discharged to other entities in the grid, which is called vehicle to everything in the power grid (V2eG) technology. When V2eG technologies become widespread, EVs could be widely distributed, fully controllable, and marketable power sources. As ideal mobile power sources, EVs are geographically available all the time. In this paper, the application process of V2eG technology is first introduced, and the current research status of V2eG technology is discussed. The modelling technology involved in V2eG technology is next analysed and discussed in detail. Then, the applications of V2eG technology in economic dispatch are summarized. Furthermore, research on communication technology for V2eG technology is investigated. In addition, the policies and electricity market access criteria related to V2eG are discussed, and the corresponding trading mechanisms are analysed. Finally, the related V2eG technologies are summarized, and the future development direction of V2eG technology is prospected.
Transient thermal network model for train‐induced wind cooling dry‐type on‐board traction transformer in electric multiple units
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Yuan Shuai , Zhu Qiuyue , Wang Dongyang , Wang Lujia
Published: October 2022

Thermal characteristic is one of the key performances of dry‐type on‐board traction transformer (D‐OBTT), which directly affects the operation safety of the new generation electric multiple units. However, due to the particularity of train‐induced wind cooling mode of D‐OBTT, the existing efficient thermal modelling methods cannot be used under fluctuating air velocity and load. A time‐saving transient thermal model for D‐OBTT is proposed. First, the framework of the transient thermal network model (TTNM) is proposed considering the coexistence of non‐fully and fully developed state of the train‐induced wind and the addition heat flow in the solid domain. Then, a novel formula for calculating the length of non‐fully developed section considering the geometric dimensions and heat flux density is proposed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) parametric sweeps for the first time. The accuracy of TTNM is validated by a D‐OBTT experimental setup, and the time consumption is significantly reduced compared with CFD.
A simple open‐switch fault detection and diagnosis method for permanent magnet synchronous machines drive system based on DC‐link current
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Liang Deliang , Jia Shaofeng , Yang Shuzhou , Yang Lin
Published: October 2022

In the industry, there is still a substantial amount of old in‐service equipment without a fault warning function. To provide an effective fault monitoring scheme for the in‐service motor drive system inside the equipment, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on the DC‐link current at the power side, which can complete the fault monitoring task only outside the equipment without disassembly and assembly of the equipment and the inside installation of sensors. The effect of open‐circuit faults on DC‐link current is thoroughly examined and classified into four classes. To locate the faulty switching component of voltage‐source‐inverter (VSI), one electric period of DC‐link current is split into six regions according to the current vector position. And the relationship between current vector regions, fault signatures, and fault locations is summarized. Additionally, a low‐pass filter is used to smooth the DC‐link current and reduce the bandwidth limit of current sensors. Open circuit faults can be detected and located by identifying the fault signature in the DC‐link current and rotor position. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified by experiment results.
Influence of magnetic field and stellar radiative feedback on the collapse and the stellar mass spectrum of a massive star-forming clump
Authors: Hennebelle Patrick , Lebreuilly Ugo , Colman Tine , Elia Davide , Fuller Gary , Leurini Silvia , Nony Thomas , Schisano Eugenio , Soler Juan D. , Traficante Alessio , Klessen Ralf S. , Molinari Sergio , Testi Leonardo
Published: October 2022

Context. In spite of decades of theoretical efforts, the physical origin of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is still a subject of debate.

Aims. We aim to gain an understanding of the influence of various physical processes such as radiative stellar feedback, magnetic field, and non-ideal magneto-hydrodynamics on the IMF.

Methods. We present a series of numerical simulations of collapsing 1000 M⊙ clumps, taking into account the radiative feedback and magnetic field with spatial resolution down to 1 AU. We performed both ideal and non-ideal MHD runs, and various radiative feedback efficiencies are considered. We also developed analytical models that we confront with the numerical results.

Results. We computed the sum of the luminosities produced by the stars in the calculations and it shows a good comparison with the bolometric luminosities reported in observations of massive star-forming clumps. The temperatures, velocities, and densities are also found to be in good agreement with recent observations. The stellar mass spectrum inferred for the simulations is, generally speaking, not strictly universal and it varies, in particular, with magnetic intensity. It is also influenced by the choice of the radiative feedback efficiency. In all simulations, a sharp drop in the stellar distribution is found at about Mmin ≃ 0.1 M⊙, which is likely a consequence of the adiabatic behaviour induced by dust opacities at high densities. As a consequence, when the combination of magnetic and thermal support is not too high, the mass distribution presents a peak located at 0.3–0.5 M⊙. When the magnetic and thermal support are high, the mass distribution is better described by a plateau, that is, dN/dlog M ∝ M−Γ, Γ ≃ 0. At higher masses, the mass distributions drop following power-law behaviours until a maximum mass, Mmax, whose value increases with field intensity and radiative feedback efficiency. Between Mmin and Mmax, the distributions inferred from the simulations are in good agreement with an analytical model inferred from gravo-turbulent theory. Due to the density PDF ∝ρ−3/2 relevant for collapsing clouds, values on the order of Γ ≃ 3/4 are inferred both analytically and numerically. More precisely, after 150 M⊙ of gas have been accreted, the most massive star has a mass of about 8 M⊙ when magnetic field is significant, and 3 M⊙ only when both the radiative feedback efficiency and magnetic field are low, respectively.

Conclusions. When both the magnetic field and radiative feedback are taken into account, they are found to have a significant influence on the stellar mass spectrum. In particular, both of these effects effectively reduce fragmentation and lead to the formation of more massive stars.
Secondary focusable and uniform convergence microprism in concentrating photovoltaic module
Authors: Guo Limin , Wang Zhiyong , Liu Youqiang , Chen Songxuan , Zhang Ying , Liu June
Published: October 2022

Low tracking accuracy of trackers, structure vibration by winds, and lens deformation by temperature lead to non-vertical incident irradiation of Fresnel lens, which necessitates a secondary concentrator in actual engineering application of concentrating photovoltaic module. In this study, a secondary focusable and uniform convergence microprism is added between Fresnel lens and solar cell to improve concentrating efficiency and focal spot energy uniformity. The 3D model of microprism is established by SolidWorks, and important parameters are optimized using Zemax. Results showed that combination of Fresnel lens and focusable and uniform convergence microprism achieves the highest power when upper spherical diameter of secondary microprism measures 18 mm, included angle in opposite side facets equals 116°, spherical height removed from the top is 0.1 mm, and side length of bottom reaches 2.15 mm. The highest power of solar cell surface can reach 2.4932 W, representing a 32.9% improvement; focal spot energy uniformity is 0.71; and module height with secondary microprism measures 88 mm, which reduces by 5.5 mm without secondary microprism. Experimental results show that concentrating static test generation efficiency of a 400-times concentrating module system reaches 34.9%, acceptance angle measures ±1.18°, efficiency loss of module is less than 1.23% when temperature changes from −20°C to 20°C and from 20°C to 50°C, and 400-times module maximum output power totals 142.3 W.
Influence of Goaf on Stability of Transmission Line Tower Foundation
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Fan Zhichao , Sun Liang , Qiu Jiaohui
Published: October 2022

There are various rock mass structures in the overlying strata of the goaf, such as cavities, cracks and separation layers. The phenomenon of under compaction with these structures still exists. Under the action of various natural forces, loads and other external forces, the broken rock mass in the relatively balanced goaf will produce structural deformation and compaction, resulting in surface subsidence. This paper expounds the surface subsidence of goaf from the aspects of surface subsidence mechanism, evaluation of surface stability of goaf and influencing factors of tower foundation stability, which provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of goaf.
Risk evaluation of tailings dam based on game theory and matter-extension theory
Authors: Song Huaqiang , Wang Guan , Luo Tian , Yang Zongda , Xu Jingyuan , Jiang Wei
Published: October 2022

The safety and stability of tailings dam are directly related to the safety of life and property of downstream residents and the ecological and environmental safety of downstream rivers and farmland. During the operation stage of the tailings pond, safety assessment shall be carried out from seepage damage of the tailings dam, instability of the dam foundation, structural damage of the dam body, flooded roof, and safety management, etc. Aiming at a tailings pond in the running stage of Guangxi Province in China, by establishing the evaluation index system and its grading standard of the tailings dam-break, the subjectivity and objectivity of the evaluation index are taken into consideration by the combination of matter-element extension theory and game theory. Meanwhile, in order to solve the problem of the defect of the correlation function when the eigenvalue exceeds the controlled field and of the incommensurability for different units, a linear dimensionless method is adopted. The results show that the grade of tailings dam-break is I, and the eigenvalue of grade variable is 1.3, that is, the tailings pond is a “normal tailing reservoir”, but there is a risk of evolution to the “sickness tailing reservoir”. Thus, corresponding measures must be taken to prevent. In addition, the result of the two methods is consistent by comparing with the unascertained measure method, which not only validates the accuracy of the evaluation method, but also embodies the unique advantage of possessing the eigenvalue of grade variable to alert its evolution direction.
Path selection for carbon peaking and carbon neutralization based on uncertainty theory
Authors: Chi Hai , Wang Xincheng
Published: October 2022

Formulating reasonable policies to help achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality while ensuring economic growth is a key issue for the government since the goal was proposed. Combining with the relevant realistic background, we consider carbon emission reduction policies including green bond issuance and carbon emission allowances, analyze how the government should choose a method of strategic optimization to maximize corporate profits under the specified carbon emission reduction rate, and construct a related model of uncertain programming called optimal model of carbon emission reduction strategy, in order to obtain the optimal carbon emission reduction policies that the government should formulate under different circumstances while ensuring sustainable economic development.
Analysis of the tectonic characteristics of the western tectonic complex of N2 area
Authors: He Yingwei
Published: October 2022

The western part of N2 area is located at the tectonic high point of D oil field, with faults cut into each other, staggered distribution and complex fracture structure. In this paper, based on 3D seismic interpretation, the research on fault geometry, kinematic characteristics, fracture deformation period and grade division are systematically carried out. The quantitative discriminatory criteria of fault plane segmental growth are applied to implement the reliability of the fault plane combination method.
Study of urbanization trend prediction in Nanchang based on CA-Markov model
Authors: Li Shuhao
Published: October 2022

In order to promote the healthy development of Nanchang city in the future and maintain the virtuous cycle of urban ecosystem, this paper uses CA-Markov model to simulate and forecast the land use of Nanchang city in 2030 and explore the urbanization process of Nanchang city. Firstly, the land use changes in Nanchang from 2000 to 2020 are described, followed by land use simulations for Nanchang in 2020 as a verification of accuracy, and land use projections for Nanchang in 2030 based on accuracy requirements. The results show that: (1) the rate of urban expansion will continue to be maintained or even gradually increase from 2020 to 2030 under the expansion model based on the period 2000-2020. (2) The main factor in the change of land use types in the built-up area of Nanchang over the past two decades is socio-economic factors, with natural factors taking second place. (3) The area of land development intensity in Nanchang will reach its peak in 2030, and the expansion of the municipal districts will gradually slowdown in favour of Nanchang and Xinjian counties, which have a more extensive land area and are close to the central urban area.
Synthesis and performance of a small molecular quaternary ammonium salt inhibitors
Authors: Jia Jun , Xu Chaoyang , Hao Chao , Dong Hongwei
Published: October 2022

In this work, the quaternary ammonium salt small molecule inhibitors with melamine and sodium chloroacetate as raw materials was synthesized and it has certain inhibition on the hydration swelling of bentonite. Through linear swelling test, mud ball test and drilling fluid performance evaluation, its inhibition performance in clay is evaluated. The results show that the linear swelling rate of bentonite in 0.5% MAA-3 solution is 57.28% at 90 min, which is similar to that in 4.0% KCl solution.
Application of depth learning in prediction of glutenite reservoir
Authors: Dong Meng
Published: October 2022

Sedimentary facies of gravel reservoir has the characteristics of multiple sources and short flow. Sand body thickness changes rapidly in plane and space. Model-based multi-attribute regression seismic reservoir prediction method often results in unreasonable inter-well prediction results because of insufficient generalization ability of the model. For this reason, a deep learning reservoir prediction method based on fault blocks is proposed. Within a fault block range (regardless of wells outside the fault block), the seismic attributes extracted from the sliding time window of the isochronous sedimentary surface are used as input, and the sandstone thickness data of the target layer of the well point are used as expected output to train the depth neural network model of the multi-layer perceptor. Then, the trained model is used to predict the sandstone thickness distribution in the well distribution area. The application of actual data in A oilfield shows that the predictive coincidence rate of sandstone thickness in known wells is more than 95%, and the drilling occurrence rate of sandstone in horizontal section after completion of a posterior horizontal well is more than 80%. This method has high prediction accuracy and good generalization ability.
Research on Economy of Clean Energy Power Generation Technology Based on CORE Method
Authors: Zhao Ailin , Zhang Kailin , Sheng Meiqi , Yan Qibo , Ren Weili , Bai Baohua , Zhou Xichao , Zhang Xiaochun , Zeng Ming
Published: October 2022

Clean energy power generation has good economic and social benefits for promoting regional development. However, clean energy power generation is in the growth stage, and the difference of investment income is obvious. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the economy of clean energy power generation technology. In view of this, considering the influencing factors on economy of clean energy power generation technology, this paper proposes a technical economy evaluation and cost trend analysis model for clean energy power generation, which includes three modules: input, output and analysis calculation. Finally, taking Africa as an example, under the three scenarios of high utilization hours, medium utilization hours and low utilization hours, the paper analyzes the economy of photovoltaic power generation in Africa, and concludes that the cost of photovoltaic power generation in the northern and southern of Africa has a certain degree of network transmission economy.
Analysis of hedge loss factors and protective measures in the western part of Area-A
Authors: Cui Xinxin
Published: October 2022

With the continuous development of oilfield, the number of oil and water wells is increasing, and the number of casing loss wells is on the rise. This paper analyzes and researches to further understand the causes of casing loss, and proposes measures to protect casing loss wells in the western part of area A. It summarizes the experience and methods of “six checks, six preventions and six controls” for casing loss protection, which provides direction for preventing casing loss and provides a basis for reasonable development.
Study of Fine Management Mode on Improving Potential Benefits of Measures
Authors: Shan Yinfeng
Published: October 2022

The oil field has entered the extra high water cut period, the oil well fracturing and oil increment have made great contributions to the fine tapping potential of water flooding. At the same time, the oil well fracturing and oil increment production has become an important part of the stable production of water flooding. Therefore, the fine oil well fracturing management mode and the improvement of oil well fracturing and oil increment effect are particularly important. Focus from the advance potential survey, the implementation of pre-pressure training; fine well selection and layer selection, optimize fracturing design ; strengthen process management, strengthen construction supervision; do well after fracturing management, improve oil increment effect to fine oil well fracturing management mode. The comprehensive application of various technical means to continuously improve the accuracy of residual oil analysis is the basis to ensure the targeted fracturing measures; on the basis of the analysis of remaining oil, it is the prerequisite and necessary guarantee to improve the fracturing effect and prolong the effective period to do well in the preinjection and post-injection recharge. The key to improve the fracturing effect of oil well is to combine the remaining oil potential and fracturing technology closely, design personalized scheme, refine the fracturing interval and expand the construction scale. Doing well in fracturing process management and refining each construction link is an effective guarantee to maximize the benefits of measures. On measures to tap potential, deepen potential research, optimize program design, give full play to the synergistic effect of measures, and strive to improve the pertinence of measures to tap potential in ultra-high water cut period, continuously improve the fracturing effect, improve the benefits of measures to tap potential, and achieve the goal of ' high efficiency, sustainable and guaranteed’ sustainable and stable production.
Construction of demand response model of integrated energy system based on machine learning algorithm
Authors: Hou Yunyi
Published: October 2022

The “multi-energy era”, which is complementary to new energy and fossil energy, has arrived. Demand-side management (DSM) has gradually gained worldwide attention because of its advantages of high flexibility and great response potential. However, the appearance of integrated energy system (IES) has broken the existing mode of independent operation of traditional energy systems, and made different forms of multi-energy flow more and more closely coupled. Demand response is the key measure to stimulate demand-side resources to participate in scheduling. IES can integrate various forms of energy, which brings new development to demand response. This paper studies the demand response project of IES, introduces the basic concept and popularization value of integrated demand response, and builds the demand response model of IES based on machine learning algorithm.
Optimization of Solar Cells Based on Perovskite Materials
Authors: Lu Liufeige
Published: October 2022

With the rapid advancement of economy, human’s demand for energy continues to grow, and energy shortage has become the primary problem hindering further economic development. Therefore, changing the existing energy structure and developing and utilizing sustainable clean energy are the research directions of all countries in the world. Perovskite solar cells have rapidly become a research hotspot in the field of solar cells worldwide in recent years due to their remarkable advantages such as low manufacturing cost and high efficiency. However, PSC (Perovskite solar cell) have many problems in the stability, reproducibility and performance evaluation of high-efficiency battery devices. By introducing the structure and performance of perovskite, this paper summarizes the research progress of solar cells based on this kind of materials, analyzes its working mechanism, summarizes the key issues affecting the performance of PSC, points out the direction of efforts to further improve the performance of PSC, and looks forward to the optimization development of PSC.
Study on an on-line monitoring method for peak shaving capacity of thermal power unit
Authors: Zhu Lingkai , Wang Qian , Zhong Ziwei , Han Yue , Gong Zhiqiang , Zheng Wei , Shang Panfeng , Guo Junshan
Published: October 2022

Relying solely on pure condensing units can not meet the demand for power grid peak shaving, and thermoelectric units must also participate in peak shaving. In view of the dynamic change of peak shaving capacity of thermoelectric units with steam extraction, an on-line monitoring method of thermoelectric units is proposed in this paper. The upper and lower limits of peak shaving capacity of thermoelectric units under different steam extraction are calculated in real time, and the peak shaving capacity of thermoelectric units is evaluated on-line, so as to provide data support for scientific dispatching of power grid.
Study on Calculation Method of Inlet Steam Flow of External Steam Cooler in Feedwater Heating System
Authors: Zhu Lingkai , Wang Qian , Zheng Wei , Zhong Ziwei , Han Yue , Shang Panfeng , Guo Junshan , Gong Zhiqiang
Published: October 2022

In order to improve the thermal economic performance of coal-fired units in thermal power industry, supercritical units above 600MW generally adopt the method of installing external steam cooler system to improve the utilization of reheat. In view of the difficulties and problems in calculating the three extraction flow of the external steam cooler high pressure heater system by the traditional method, In this paper, a new calculation method of medium flow at the inlet of external steam cooler is proposed based on medium fluid dynamics. This method does not need to install a measuring device, the treatment method is simple and clear, and improves the test efficiency while saving the cost.
Ture three-dimensional fracture simulation of geology-engineering integration in low permeability and tight reservoirs in southern of Ordos Basin
Authors: Li Zhigang , Wang Jiahao , Yang Jinyuan , He When
Published: October 2022

In view of the characteristics of the Mesozoic oil reservoirs in the southern Ordos block such as large buried depth, strong heterogeneity, unclear understanding of oil and gas distribution, and immature prediction technology for engineering construction mechanism and effects, the fracture propagation morphology is studied. The 3D geomechanical parameters are truly 3D distributed by the integrated fracturing simulation technology of geological engineering and the research results of reservoir evaluation and rock mechanics. The spatial distribution of rock mechanics parameters of tight sandstone reservoir and interlayer is accurate. Considering the heterogeneity between layers, the distribution law of true 3D fractures in the real formation environment of high temperature and high pressure is simulated. The simulation results show that the fractures simulated by the 3d geomechanical model updated in real time are irregular and asymmetrical, and have a high degree of matching with the seismic data. This fracture model can guide the field construction and optimize the fracturing parameters of subsequent Wells to ensure that fractures occur in the most favorable position, which has high practical value and economic benefits.
Influence of the Heating Temperature on the Electrochemical Performance of Coal-Based Needle Coke Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Xia Jing , Gao Yuan , Li Shuxiang , Li Qiongguang , Wang Yanhong
Published: October 2022

In this study, the effect of the heating temperature on the initial coulombic efficiency, capacity and cycle stability of the coal-based needle coke was examined. The needle cokes were heated to different temperatures, and their microstructures were characterized by the scanning electron microscope, the X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscope. The results indicated that the defect and the degree of disorder were reduced with increasing the heating temperature. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of these needle cokes were tested. A decrease of the capacity from 368.3 to 257.3 mAh/g, while an increase of the initial coulombic efficiency was observed, when the heating temperature was improved to 1100 oC. This is because fewer defects and more ordered crystal structures reduce active sites for the storage of Li ions and decrease the irreversible consumption of Li ions, as the heating temperature was higher.
Versorgungsrealität von Frauen nach hypertensiver
Schwangerschaftserkrankung – eine monozentrische fragebogenbasierte
Analyse
Authors: Teoule Julia , Woll Christian , Sütterlin Marc , Filsinger Barbara
Published: October 2022

Einleitung Frauen nach einer hypertensiven Schwangerschaftserkrankung wird
aufgrund ihres signifikant erhöhten kardiovaskulären Risikos zu
Screeninguntersuchungen und primärer Prävention geraten. Diese
Studie soll einen Beitrag zur Ermittlung der aktuellen Nachsorgepraxis leisten
und aufzeigen, wie viele Frauen an den empfohlenen Nachsorgeuntersuchungen mit
Beratung zur Reduktion von Risikofaktoren teilnehmen.

Material und Methoden Monozentrische Patientinnenbefragung von 113 Frauen,
welche im Zeitraum von 2014 bis 2019 von einer hypertensiven
Schwangerschaftserkrankung betroffen waren. Es erfolgte eine deskriptive
statistische Auswertung.

Ergebnisse Eine Nachsorgeuntersuchung erfolgte bei 54% der Frauen.
Es wurden 47% der Patientinnen im persönlichen Gespräch
über ihre Erkrankung informiert und auf mögliche langfristige
gesundheitliche Konsequenzen hingewiesen. Von 67 übergewichtigen Frauen
(BMI≥25 kg/m2) erhielten 23% eine
Empfehlung zur Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität und
13% wurde zur Gewichtsreduktion geraten. Es stellten sich signifikant
mehr Frauen mit höherer Krankheitslast (BMI, p=0,027;
arterieller Hypertonus, p=0,016) und gravierender Ausprägung der
Erkrankung (Eklampsie, Aufenthalt auf einer Intensivstation, jeweils
p=0,049) zu weiteren Untersuchungen vor.

Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die
Maßnahmen zur Prävention und Früherkennung von
kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen in unserem Patientinnenkollektiv nicht
ausgeschöpft wurden. Unabhängig des Ausprägungsgrades
der Erkrankung sollten alle Frauen eine Empfehlung zur Teilnahme an
Nachsorgeuntersuchung erhalten.
Quality of life in patients with achalasia: Associations with Eckardt score and objective treatment outcomes after peroral endoscopic myotomy
Authors: Evensen Helge , Hjermstad Marianne Jensen , Cvancarova Milada , Kristensen Vendel , Larssen Lene , Skattum Jorunn , Hauge Truls , Sandstad Olav , Medhus Asle W.
Published: October 2022

Background and study aims Knowledge on self-reported quality of life (QoL) in achalasia and QoL improvements after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is limited. Furthermore, the clinical role of QoL in achalasia follow-up has not been evaluated. The present study aimed to examine QoL in achalasia patients before and after POEM and assess associations between QoL, Eckardt score (ES) and objective results.

Patients and methods This was a single-center prospective study of treatment-naïve achalasia patients with 12-month follow-up after POEM including manometry, upper endoscopy, 24-hour pH registration, and timed barium esophagogram. QoL data were registered using European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer core questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and esophageal module (QLQ-OES18). Comparison with a reference population was performed to assess impact of achalasia on QoL and effect of therapy. Mixed models for repeated measures were applied.

Results Fifty patients (26 females) with a median age of 47 years (18–76) were included. Before treatment, all QoL domains were significantly impaired compared with an age- and gender-adjusted reference population (P < 0.05). No significant QoL-differences were found after POEM, except for fatigue and nausea/vomiting. Clinically relevant QoL improvement was observed in ≥ 50 % of the patients in all QoL domains, except for physical and role functioning. QoL was significantly associated with ES (P < 0.05) but not with objective results.

Conclusions Achalasia is associated with severe QoL impairment. Following POEM, a significant and clinically relevant QoL improvement is observed. QoL is associated with ES, but not with objective results after POEM.
Use of Milk Thistle in Farm and Companion Animals: A Review
Authors: Tedesco Doriana Eurosia Angela , Guerrini Alessandro
Published: October 2022

Milk thistle, Silybum marianum, is a medicinal plant grown for its bioactive compounds with well-documented antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Milk thistle has a well-established pharmacological reputation for treatments of human liver disease, but it is also used in animals. This review summarizes the experimental evidence of milk thistleʼs effects on animals when administered as silymarin extract (feed additive) or a feed ingredient, if administered as seed or expeller/cake with the seed residue still containing the bioactive components. The use as a feed additive or feed ingredient is motivated by the complexity of silymarin registration as a veterinary drug. In farm animals, the drug improves the animalsʼ performance and product quality and oxidative stability, supports liver function during the productive life-cycle, improves gut-health and morphology, and can reduce intestinal pathogens. In dogs and cats, the treatment is focused on acute and chronic liver diseases including the detoxification processes and support of drug treatments including chemotherapy. In equine athletes, milk seed cake showed positive effects and a faster return of cortisol to the resting values before exercise occurred. In aquaculture, it confirms its usefulness in supporting animal health and performance. In certain studies it is not clear what has been administered, and the composition and doses are not always clearly reported. A few studies reported no effects, but none reported problems connected to milk thistle administration. However, the overall picture shows that the use of milk thistle results in improved or restored health parameters or better animal performance.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Phenylquinazolin-4-yl 4-Methylbenzenesulfonate Derivatives as Anticancer Agents via Tubulin Inhibition
Authors: Goel Kapil Kumar , Kharb Rajeev , Rajput Satyendra Kumar , Sharma Prince Prashant , Mukherjee Monalisa
Published: October 2022

Malignant behavior and multiple abnormal cellular functions have rendered cancer a great challenge for scientists to treat. The rising death toll presents an alarming situation, and the side effects associated with marketed drugs has further increased the quest to develop new anticancer drug molecules. We herein report a rationally designed 2,4-disubstituted quinazoline-based bioactive pharmacophore possessing different substitution patterns to obtain potent anticancer active agents targeting tubulin polymerization. In this series, two compounds showed potent cytotoxicity against all four cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MD-MBA-231, A549, and HCT-116) comparable to that of colchicine. The compounds showed cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis, which showed these compounds might act via binding to the colchicine binding site. These results were further confirmed via tubulin polymerization inhibition, which showed a similar profile to colchicine. Compounds with a propargyl moiety showed very low cytotoxicity as compared to colchicines, even in the presence of a trimethoxy substituent at the quinazoline ring, except for compound case. Two compounds are obtained as potential lead compounds for the development of active anticancer agents, with one having a similar profile to colchicine activity on tubulin polymerization inhibition. These compounds represent promising leads that deserve further investigation and optimization.
Rethinking Pulse Oximetry Screening in the Level-IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Schwartz Bryanna N. , Hom Lisa A. , Revenis Mary E. , Martin Gerard R.
Published: October 2022

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of newborn pulse oximetry screening in a level IV, tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of neonates who received newborn pulse oximetry screening after being admitted to a single-center, level-IV NICU between 2014 and 2021. Neonates with known critical congenital heart disease were excluded from the study.

Results Of the 4,493 neonates who had pulse oximetry screening, there were three positive screens (fail rate of 0.067%, 0.67 per 1,000 screened). The average age of screening was 818 hours. There were no positive screens of newborns who were admitted during their initial birth hospitalization and were screened while off oxygen. There were no new diagnoses of critical congenital heart disease (true positives) and there were no known false negatives.

Conclusion The results bring into question whether pulse oximetry screening with the current AAP-endorsed algorithm should be re-evaluated for a level-IV NICU at a children's hospital. However, the results may not be generalizable to other NICU's where echocardiography and prenatal echocardiograms are not as readily available.

Key Points
Multigene phylogeny of reef lobsters of the family Enoplometopidae (Decapoda: Crustacea)
Authors: Chang Su-Ching , Chan Tin-Yam
Published: October 2022

The reef lobsters of the family Enoplometopidae de Saint Laurent, 1988 are attractive marine aquarium pets but the generic assignments have been controversial. Molecular phylogeny using five genetic markers (three mitochondrial and two nuclear) on 11 of the 12 species known in the family successfully reconstructed a robust phylogenetic tree for the reef lobsters with two well-supported groups. The genus Hoplometopus Holthuis, 1983 is revived but with diagnostic characters revised and H. voigtmanni (Türkay, 1989) should be treated as a synonym of H. holthuisi (Gordon, 1968). Four synapomorphies are identified in Enoplometopidae, including the number of the intermediate and postcervical teeth on the carapace, the shape of abdominal pleura and the spination of the palm of large chelipeds. Fossil calibration and ancestral range reconstruction analyses suggested that reef lobsters had a Tethyan deeper water origin and emerged during the Cretaceous period. Enoplometopus s.s. was relatively primitive, whereas Hoplometopus diverged in the Central Indo-Pacific in the Upper Cretaceous and later crossed the Mediterranean into the Atlantic. Overall the family Enoplometopidae mainly speciated in the Central Indo-Pacific, and actively re-occupied shallow-water habitats and invaded temperate regions.
Vegetation cover and configuration drive reptile species distributions in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Mulhall S. J. , Sitters H. , Di Stefano J.
Published: October 2022

Context Habitat loss and fragmentation are key drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide, yet the influence of landscape structure on species distributions is unknown. Globally, reptiles are thought to be especially sensitive to landscape modification due to their limited capacity for dispersal and reliance on native vegetation. New knowledge of how landscape structure influences species distributions is needed to inform conservation strategies. Aims Our principal aim was to examine the influence of landscape structure on the distributions of 40 terrestrial reptile species in Victoria, southeast Australia. Methods We obtained species occurrence records from the Victorian Biodiversity Atlas, and used MaxEnt to model the distributions of reptile species within Victoria using biophysical and landscape structure variables. A moving window analysis was applied to a land cover map to derive five landscape structure metrics; two metrics represented landscape cover and three represented landscape configuration. Key results Climate variables were generally found to be the strongest drivers of species distributions, although 80% of reptile species were also influenced by landscape structure (permutation importance ≥5%). Of the five landscape structure variables, extent of native vegetation had the greatest influence (30 of 40 species), followed by habitat shape. For Lerista bougainvillii and Tiliqua rugosa, native vegetation cover had a greater influence on their distributions than climate variables. Most species responded positively to native vegetation extent, whereas responses to other landscape structure variables were varied. Conclusions Although most studies of reptile distributions only use biophysical variables in modelling, our research shows that at the scale of our study area, reptile species distributions were also influenced by landscape structure; extent of native vegetation was an important predictor for most species. Integrating landscape structure in modelling has the potential to improve our ability to predict species distributions. Implications Because species distributions are likely to shift due to climate change, knowledge of the influence of landscape structure on distributions will help land managers to facilitate successful range expansions in fragmented landscapes. Our findings indicate that management focused on increasing the extent of native vegetation is likely to provide benefit to most reptile species.
A small molecule M1 promotes optic nerve regeneration to restore target-specific neural activity and visual function
Authors: Au Ngan Pan Bennett , Chand Raza , Kumar Gajendra , Asthana Pallavi , Tam Wing Yip , Tang Kin Man , Ko Chi-Chiu , Ma Chi Him Eddie
Published: October 2022

Axon regeneration is an energy-demanding process that requires active mitochondrial transport. In contrast to the central nervous system (CNS), axonal mitochondrial transport in regenerating axons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) increases within hours and sustains for weeks after injury. Yet, little is known about targeting mitochondria in nervous system repair. Here, we report the induction of sustained axon regeneration, neural activities in the superior colliculus (SC), and visual function recovery after optic nerve crush (ONC) by M1, a small molecule that promotes mitochondrial fusion and transport. We demonstrated that M1 enhanced mitochondrial dynamics in cultured neurons and accelerated in vivo axon regeneration in the PNS. Ex vivo time-lapse imaging and kymograph analysis showed that M1 greatly increased mitochondrial length, axonal mitochondrial motility, and transport velocity in peripheral axons of the sciatic nerves. Following ONC, M1 increased the number of axons regenerating through the optic chiasm into multiple subcortical areas and promoted the recovery of local field potentials in the SC after optogenetic stimulation of retinal ganglion cells, resulting in complete recovery of the pupillary light reflex, and restoration of the response to looming visual stimuli was detected. M1 increased the gene expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins and major axonal transport machinery in both the PNS and CNS neurons without inducing inflammatory responses. The knockdown of two key mitochondrial genes,
Opa1
or
Mfn2
, abolished the growth-promoting effects of M1 after ONC, suggesting that maintaining a highly dynamic mitochondrial population in axons is required for successful CNS axon regeneration.
Electrical signaling in cochlear efferents is driven by an intrinsic neuronal oscillator
Authors: Hong Hui , Zeppenfeld Douglas , Trussell Laurence O.
Published: October 2022

Efferent neurons are believed to play essential roles in maintaining auditory function. The lateral olivocochlear (LOC) neurons—which project from the brainstem to the inner ear, where they release multiple transmitters including peptides, catecholamines, and acetylcholine—are the most numerous yet least understood elements of efferent control of the cochlea. Using in vitro calcium imaging and patch-clamp recordings, we found that LOC neurons in juvenile and young adult mice exhibited extremely slow waves of activity (∼0.1 Hz). These seconds-long bursts of Na+spikes were driven by an intrinsic oscillator dependent on L-type Ca2+channels and were not observed in prehearing mice, suggesting an age-dependent mechanism underlying the intrinsic oscillator. Using optogenetic approaches, we identified both ascending (T-stellate cells of the cochlear nucleus) and descending (auditory cortex) sources of synaptic excitation, as well as the synaptic receptors used for such excitation. Additionally, we identified potent inhibition originating in the glycinergic medial nucleus of trapezoid body (MNTB). Conductance-clamp experiments revealed an unusual mechanism of electrical signaling in LOC neurons, in which synaptic excitation and inhibition served to switch on and off the intrinsically generated spike burst mechanism, allowing for prolonged periods of activity or silence controlled by brief synaptic events. Protracted bursts of action potentials may be essential for effective exocytosis of the diverse transmitters released by LOC fibers in the cochlea.