bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The level of cognitive functioning in school-aged children is predicted by resting EEG Directed Phase Lag Index
Authors: Charlebois-Poirier Audrey-Rose , Davoudi Saeideh , Lalancette Ève , Knoth Inga Sophia , Lippé Sarah
Published: January 2025

Quantifying cognitive potential relies on psychometric measures that do not directly reflect cortical activity. While the relationship between cognitive ability and resting state EEG signal dynamics has been extensively studied in children with below-average cognitive performances, there remains a paucity of research focusing on individuals with normal to above-average cognitive functioning. This study aimed to elucidate the resting EEG dynamics in children aged four to 12 years across normal to above-average cognitive potential. Our findings indicate that signal complexity, as measured by Multiscale Entropy (MSE), was not significantly predictive of the level of cognitive functioning. However, utilizing Directed Phase Lag Index (DPLI) as an effective connectivity measure, we observed consistent patterns of information flow between anterior and posterior regions. Fronto-parietal as well as local connectivity patterns were seen across most of the cognitive functions. Moreover, specific connectivity patterns were obtained for each intellectual quotient index (namely verbal comprehension, visuospatial, fluid reasoning, and processing speed indexes as well as full-scale intellectual quotient). These results underscore the presence of long-range connections and support fronto-parietal theories of cognitive abilities within the resting state brain dynamics of children.
CRISPR-Enabled Autonomous Transposable Element (CREATE) for RNA-based gene editing and delivery
Authors: Wang Yuxiao , Lin Ruei-Zeng , Harris Meghan , Lavayen Bianca , Diwanji Neha , McCreedy Bruce , Hofmeister Robert , Getts Daniel
Published: January 2025

To address a wide range of genetic diseases, genome editing tools that can achieve targeted delivery of large genes without causing double-strand breaks (DSBs) or requiring DNA templates are necessary. Here, we introduce CRISPR-Enabled Autonomous Transposable Element (CREATE), a genome editing system that combines the programmability and precision of CRISPR/Cas9 with the RNA-mediated gene insertion capabilities of the human LINE-1 (L1) element. CREATE employs a modified L1 mRNA to carry a payload gene, and a Cas9 nickase to facilitate targeted editing by L1-mediated reverse transcription and integration without relying on DSBs or DNA templates. Using this system, we demonstrate programmable insertion of a 1.1 kb gene expression cassette into specific genomic loci of human cell lines and primary T cells. Mechanistic studies reveal that CREATE editing is highly specific with no observed off-target events. Together, these findings establish CREATE as a programmable, RNA-based gene delivery technology with broad therapeutic potential.
Integrating microfluidics, hydrogels, and 3D bioprinting for personalized vessel-on-a-chip platforms
Authors: Aye San Seint Seint , Fang Zhongqi , Wu Mike C. L. , Lim Khoon S. , Ju Lining Arnold
Published: January 2025

Advancement of vascular models from simple 2D culture to complex vessel-on-a-chip platforms through integration of microfluidics, biomimetic hydrogels, and 3D bioprinting, enabling controlled investigation of thrombosis mechanisms.
Exploring the solubility of novel lamotrigine drug–drug salts: the role of pH and structural variability
Authors: Yu Xinyi , Li Jianting , Wu Chenyu , Yang Dezhi , Li Liang , Lu Yang , Zhou Zhengzheng
Published: January 2025

Strong intermolecular interactions result in decreased pH-dependent solubility of lamotrigine salts.
Controllable growth of vertically aligned heterophase TiO2 nanocones under glycerol assistance toward photocatalytic water purification
Authors: Wang Xiangzhuo , Zhao Yun , Zhang Xuqiang , Li Yongkai , Song Tinglu , Li Renyi , Li Miao , Xu Ming , Han Junfeng , Xiao Wende
Published: January 2025

In this work, vertically aligned heterophase TiO2 nanocone structures (TNCs) are successfully synthesized via designing a glycerol-assisted hydrothermal approach. Significantly, a remarkably high photodegradation rate is achieved.
How grain structure evolution affects the kinetics of a solid-state reaction: a case of interaction between iridium and zirconium carbide
Authors: Nikiforov Yaroslav A. , Danilovsky Victoria A. , Baklanova Natalya I.
Published: January 2025

We have found a transition from linear kinetics to non-parabolic kinetics for a solid-state reaction between Ir and ZrC. We propose a mathematical model, showing that the non-parabolic kinetics is caused by grain growth in the product layer.
Testing mixed metal bimetallic, and monometallic, cryptates for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Singh Varinder , Robb Matthew G. , Brooker Sally
Published: January 2025

New heterobimetallic and analogous monometallic cryptates have been prepared and all 8 tested as hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts: rinse tests (dots) show the modest activity arises from the heterogeneous deposits formed on the working electrode.
An oriented design of a π-conjugated polymer framework for high-performance solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Wu Xian , Zhang Wei , Qu Haotian , Guan Chaohong , Li Chuang , Lu Gongxun , Chang Chengshuai , Lao Zhoujie , Zhu Yanfei , Nie Lu , Zhou Guangmin
Published: January 2025

An oriented π-conjugated polymer host design decouples ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, enhancing performance for solid-state lithium metal batteries.
Correction: A relaxor ferroelectric polymer with an ultrahigh dielectric constant largely promotes the dissociation of lithium salts to achieve high ionic conductivity
Authors: Huang Yan-Fei , Gu Tian , Rui Guanchun , Shi Peiran , Fu Wenbo , Chen Lai , Liu Xiaotong , Zeng Jianping , Kang Benhao , Yan Zhichao , Stadler Florian J. , Zhu Lei , Kang Feiyu , He Yan-Bing
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘A relaxor ferroelectric polymer with an ultrahigh dielectric constant largely promotes the dissociation of lithium salts to achieve high ionic conductivity’ by Yan-Fei Huang et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 6021–6029, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EE02663A.
Towards developing fully sustainable elastomers: the role of chemistry
Authors: Wiśniewska Paulina , Ezzati Peyman , Haponiuk Józef , Hejna Aleksander , Colom Xavier , Saeb Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2025

This review outlines sustainable elastomers and green ingredients (derived from renewable resources) used in their formulation are summarized, analyzed, and discussed.
Metal organic frameworks in photodynamic therapy of cancer: functional roles of active metal centres and integrated and loaded photosensitizers in the framework
Authors: Abodunrin Temitope O. , Egharevba Godshelp O. , Owoeye Fisayo D. , Omojola Johnson A. , Adeyemi Oluyomi S.
Published: January 2025

Cancer is a major health challenge that is accountable for a large percentage of disease-related deaths worldwide.
High spin–orbit torque efficiency induced by engineering spin absorption for fully electric-driven magnetization switching
Authors: Dou Pengwei , Zhang Jingyan , Zhu Tao , Kang Peng , Deng Xiao , Wang Yuanbo , Qiu Quangao , Feng Liangyu , Hu Jinhu , Shen Jianxin , Wang Xiao , Huang He , Zheng Xinqi , Zhou Shiming , Shen Baogen , Wang Shouguo
Published: January 2025

The spin absorption of the CoGd layer spontaneously formed at the Co/Gd interface enhances spin-dependent transport in Pt/Co/Gd/Ir multilayers.
Impact of gold nanoparticle size and coating on radiosensitization and generation of reactive oxygen species in cancer therapy
Authors: Loscertales E. , López-Méndez R. , Mateo J. , Fraile L. M. , Udias J. M. , Espinosa A. , España S.
Published: January 2025

Radiosensitization by AuNPs depends on size and coating, with PEG-capped nanoparticles increasing 1O2 production and surpassing citrate-capped counterparts, especially for smaller particles.
Selective modal excitation in a multimode nanoslit by interference of surface plasmon waves
Authors: Valero Marcos , Mayoral-Astorga Luis-Angel , Northfield Howard , Choi Hyung Woo , De Leon Israel , Ray Mallar , Berini Pierre
Published: January 2025

A multimode nanoslit interferometer enables the selective excitation of resonant modes through surface plasmon interference, achieved by adjusting geometrical parameters and phase control, with promising applications in biosensing.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of highly photoluminescent core/shell CuInZnSe/ZnS quantum dots as photovoltaic absorbers
Authors: Shishodia Shubham , Rinnert Hervé , Balan Lavinia , Jasniewski Jordane , Bruyère Stéphanie , Medjahdi Ghouti , Gries Thomas , Schneider Raphaël
Published: January 2025

A microwave-assisted synthesis of water-dispersible core/shell Cu–In–Zn–Se/ZnS QDs and their potential as absorbers for QDSSCs.
Correction: Camptothecin-based prodrug nanomedicines for cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Renshuai , Yu Jing , Guo Zhu , Jiang Hongfei , Wang Chao
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Camptothecin-based prodrug nanomedicines for cancer therapy’ by Renshuai Zhang et al., Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 17658–17697, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR04147F.
Ca2La(MS4)(BS3) (M = Ge/Si and Sn/Si): high-performance infrared nonlinear optical materials designed using an atomic site co-occupancy strategy
Authors: Han Ya-Xiang , Hu Chun-Li , Mao Jiang-Gao
Published: January 2025

Ca2La(Ge0.72Si0.28S4)(BS3) and Ca2La(Sn0.75Si0.25S4)(BS3) are designed by mixing Ge4+ or Sn4+ into the Si4+ site and they achieve obviously enhanced SHG effects.
A strongly coupled FeS2@TiO2 heterostructure with an island-like structure for high-efficiency lithium storage
Authors: Yue Luchao , Song Wei , Feng Yu , Zhang Lixin , Shi Ruina , Jiang Lin , Song Jing , Qi Guisheng , Sun Xuping
Published: January 2025

Considering the high theoretical capacity and semiconductor properties, a strongly coupled heterostructure composed of FeS2 (p-type semiconductor) and TiO2 (n-type semiconductor) was constructed as a high-performance anode for lithium ion batteries.
“Channel” or “container”? Effect of the pore structure on ion transport in porous MXene electrodes
Authors: Sun Kaiqing , Ying Shengzhe , Tang Xiao , Zhao Yuling , Zhou Guohui , Liu Xiaomin
Published: January 2025

The pore structures on MXene electrodes act as “channels” and “containers” during electrolyte ion transport, facilitating the movement and distribution of the ions but also altering the effective charged area, affecting electrode performance.
Prediction of pressure-induced superconductivity in the ternary systems CaYH2n (n = 3–6) at moderate pressures
Authors: Zhao Jinghong , Chen Bole , Li Shichang , Chang Ying , Yang Xu , Chen Mingyu , Li Dengfeng
Published: January 2025

The high-pressure phase structures of CaYH2n (n = 3–6) ternary hydrides were systematically explored employing a combination of particle swarm optimization and first principles calculations.
Broadband nonlinear optical response and ultrafast carrier dynamics in defect-engineered Fe–Co3O4 for photonics
Authors: Kong Linghao , Chu Hongwei , Pan Zhongben , Pan Han , Zhao Shengzhi , Li Dechun
Published: January 2025

Fe-doped Co3O4 was successfully synthesized, and its ultrafast carrier dynamics and broadband nonlinear optical properties were thoroughly investigated. As a saturable absorber, it enabled the generation of 1–2 μm ultrafast pulsed lasers.
The effect of bipolar charge transport of derivatives of 1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole with horizontal molecular orientation on the performance of OLEDs based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence
Authors: Macionis Simas , Rashid Ehsan Ullah , Simokaitiene Jurate , Butkute Rita , Bezvikonnyi Oleksandr , Volyniuk Dmytro , Gudeika Dalius , Chiu Tien-Lung , Lee Jiun-Haw , Su Zi-Wen , Chen Chia-Hsun , Budreckiene Ruta , Stanitska Mariia , Navozenko Oleksandr , Grazulevicius Juozas V.
Published: January 2025

The synthesis and properties of two derivatives of 1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole with differing numbers of tert-butylcarbazole electron-donating moieties are reported.
Random lasing in liquid crystals: advances, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Ahmad Aneela , Dai Haitao , Feng Shouzhong , Chen Zhenda , Mohmaed Zolkefl , Khan Abdul Aziz , Hao Xichen , Wang Yuhan , Iqbal Najam , Mehvish Darakhshan
Published: January 2025

A comprehensive review of random lasing in liquid crystals, highlighting principles, unique properties, applications, challenges, and future research directions for innovations in photonics.
Correction: Selective binding and fluorescence sensing of Zn(ii)/Cd(ii) using macrocyclic tetra-amines with different fluorophores: insights into the design of selective chemosensors for transition metals
Authors: Romano Giammarco Maria , Simonini Steiner Yschtar Tecla , Bartoli Francesco , Conti Luca , Macedi Eleonora , Bazzicalupi Carla , Rossi Patrizia , Paoli Paola , Innocenti Massimo , Bencini Andrea , Savastano Matteo
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Selective binding and fluorescence sensing of Zn(ii)/Cd(ii) using macrocyclic tetra-amines with different fluorophores: insights into the design of selective chemosensors for transition metals’ by Giammarco Maria Romano et al., Dalton Trans., 2025, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4dt02415j.
Early Identification of Language Disorders Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning: Challenges and Emerging Approaches
Authors: Lammert Jessica M. , Roberts Angela C. , McRae Ken , Batterink Laura J. , Butler Blake E.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Recent advances in artificial intelligence provide opportunities to capture and represent complex features of human language in a more automated manner, offering potential means of improving the efficiency of language assessment. This review article presents computerized approaches for the analysis of narrative language and identification of language disorders in children.

Method:

We first describe the current barriers to clinicians' use of language sample analysis, narrative language sampling approaches, and the data processing stages that precede analysis. We then present recent studies demonstrating the automated extraction of linguistic features and identification of developmental language disorder using natural language processing and machine learning. We explain how these tools operate and emphasize how the decisions made in construction impact their performance in important ways, especially in the analysis of child language samples. We conclude with a discussion of major challenges in the field with respect to bias, access, and generalizability across settings and applications.

Conclusion:

Given the progress that has occurred over the last decade, computer-automated approaches offer a promising opportunity to improve the efficiency and accessibility of language sample analysis and expedite the diagnosis and treatment of language disorders in children.
Motor Speech, Swallowing, and Cognitive Considerations in an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Case Report: Evidence-Based Practice and Clinical Implications
Authors: Petroi-Bock Diana
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Given that motor speech and/or swallowing impairments are the first or among the first signs of neurodegenerative disorders and given that cognitive deficits may also develop as part of disease progression, the purpose of this case report was to highlight an example of an evidence-based practice (EBP) process applied to a case of an individual with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Method and Results:

This case report follows a patient with ALS from disease onset and initial evaluation through end of life, considering and addressing co-occurring disorders. Specific content areas are elucidated to highlight critical thinking skills associated with assessment, differential diagnosis, and treatment processes. Aspects of person-centered care are also discussed.

Conclusions:

While ALS is not a unique disorder, its manifestations given co-occurring disorders lend themselves well to expounding on critical thinking components from the differential diagnosis and assessment process to management considerations. It is important that clinicians are prepared to work with complex patient cases, having the knowledge and skills to assess and treat motor speech, swallowing, and cognitive areas of concern from an EBP and person-centered approach. Relatedly, intervention is likely to be most effective when overlapping impairments are considered and addressed rather than overlooked.
Predictive handover mechanism for seamless mobility in 5G and beyond networks
Authors: Sulaiman Thafer H. , Al‐Raweshidy Hamed S.
Published: January 2025

Scalability is one of the important parameters for mobile communication networks of the present generation and further to the future 5G and beyond networks. When a user is in motion transferring from one cell site to another, then the handover procedure becomes important in the sense that it ensures that a user gets consistent connection without interruption. Nevertheless, the classic handover process in cellular networks has some sort of drawback like causing service interruptions, affecting packet transmission, and increased latency which is highly uncongenial to the evolving applications which have stringent requirement to latency. To overcome these challenges and improve the mobile handover in 5G and future mobile networks, this article puts forth a predictive handover mechanism using reinforcement learning algorithm. The RL algorithm outperforms the ML algorithm in several aspects. Compared to ML, RL has a higher handover success rate (∼95% vs. ∼90%), lower latency (∼30 ms vs. ∼40 ms), reduced failure rate (∼5% vs. ∼10%), and shorter disconnection time (∼50 ms vs. ∼70 ms). This demonstrates the RL algorithm's superior ability to adapt to dynamic network conditions.
Modelling real‐world effects in near‐field SAR collections for compressive sensing
Authors: Price George A. J. , Andre Daniel , Moate Chris , Yuen Peter , Finnis Mark
Published: January 2025

The ability to control sidelobes in a SAR image is critical to forming images that are useful for interpretation and exploitation. QinetiQ has developed the RIBI sensing system, which utilises a distributed coherent array of sensors to produce multistatic images. These systems require techniques from outside the traditional radar domain to utilise the theoretical resolution possible in synthesising a coherent aperture from multiple disparate collections. This paper develops previously published work on using compressive sensing techniques to suppress sidelobes in SAR images to develop a higher‐fidelity measurement model. Using Cranfield University's GBSAR System a series, experimental measurements are conducted, and image estimation techniques are applied to this real data. It demonstrates an improvement in recovery performance over an isotropic measurement matrix, and discusses areas which require further development.
Detection of binary companions below the diffraction limit with lucky imaging
Authors: Cagigas M. A. , Clavero R. , Cagigal M. P. , Nespral D. , Djupvik A. A. , Jones D. , Valle P. J. , Canales V. F. , Soria E. , López R. , Zamora O. , Oscoz Á. , Marco J.
Published: January 2025

Context. Binary stars are invaluable tools that can be used to precisely measure the fundamental properties of stars, to test stellar models, and further our understanding of stellar evolution. Stellar binarity may also play an important role in the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems.

Aims. We provide a technique for resolving intermediate-separation binaries stars with medium-sized telescopes (i.e. diameter less than or equal to 2.5 metres) at wavelengths around 825 nm in the super-resolution range (i.e. below the limit defined by the Rayleigh criterion).

Methods. We combined two well-known algorithms that have been applied to reduce the halo in lucky imaging observations: COvariancE of Lucky Images and the Lucky Imaging Speckle Suppression Algorithm. We reviewed the fundamentals of both algorithms and describe a new technique called Lucky Imaging Super resolution Technique (LIST), which is optimized for peak highlighting within the first ring of the Airy pattern. To validate the technique, we carried out several observing campaigns of well-known binary stars with the FastCam instrument (FC) on the 1.52 m Carlos Sánchez Telescope (TCS) and 2.56 m Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), both located at the Observatorios de Canarias (OCAN).

Results. The projected angular separation between objects was resolved by applying LIST to FC data taken with TCS and NOT, with a result below 0.15″. It can go down to approximately 0.05″, given the limitations of the detector plate scale. This is, to our knowledge, the first time that binary companions with such small angular separations have been detected using only lucky imaging at optical wavelengths. The average accuracy achieved for the angular separation measurement is 16 ± 2 mas with NOT and is 20 ± 1 mas with TCS. The average accuracy obtained for the position angle measurement is 9.5° ± 0.3° for NOT and 11° ± 2° for TCS. We also made an attempt to measure the relative brightnesses of the binary components, obtaining results that are compatible with literature measurements. Using this comparison, the ∆m uncertainty obtained was 0.1 mag for NOT and 0.48 mag for TCS, although it should be noted that the measurements have been taken using slightly different filters.

Conclusions. Lucky imaging, in combination with speckle suppression and a covariance analysis, can allow the resolution of multiple point sources below the diffraction limit of 2-m class telescopes. However, it should be noted that measurements in the super-resolution regime are less sensitive than those above the first Airy ring.
BiSpeD: Binary Spectral Disentangling applied to binary low-mass star searches
Authors: Martínez C. I. , González J. F.
Published: January 2025

Context. In a companion paper, we present a novel method for the spectroscopic detection of low-luminosity secondary companions of binary stars. An interesting application field is the identification of very low-mass stars as companions of late-type main-sequence stars.

Aims. To provide a simple tool based on our method, we developed Binary Spectral Disentangling (BiSpeD), a PYTHON repository that provides a toolkit for processing and analyzing spectroscopic observations. The main task of BiSpeD is find2c, which aims to calculate the mass ratio (q) of a single-lined spectroscopic binary from the analysis of a sample of observed spectra. In the same process, an estimate of the secondary effective temperature is obtained. In addition, the toolkit includes other spectral measurement tasks, including spectral disentangling and radial velocity (RV) measurement via cross-correlation.

Methods. The BiSpeD package was tested on a sample of 41 late-type stars observed by the High-Accuracy Radial Velocity Planetary Searcher (HARPS). For each star in the sample, we measured the RV for the primary companion and determined the orbital parameters. We then applied the find2c task, which defines a grid of mass ratios and generates the corresponding grid of solutions that reconstruct the secondary spectrum using iterative spectral disentangling. Finally, a modified cross-correlation algorithm compares these secondary spectra with synthetic templates to find the best solution.

Results. Our analysis led to the detection of 12 faint companions from the 41 candidates, including five stars below 0.3 M⊙. Among our positive detections are two cases of binaries formed by a red giant primary and a main-sequence secondary. We show that reliable mass ratio values can be obtained even in cases where the orbital period is unknown and the RV amplitude is only a few km s−1.
Compactness peaks: An astrophysical interpretation of the mass distribution of merging binary black holes
Authors: Galaudage Shanika , Lamberts Astrid
Published: January 2025

With the growing number of detections of binary black hole (BBH) mergers, we are beginning to probe structure in the distribution of mass. A recent study proposes that the isolated binary evolution of stripped stars naturally gives rise to the peaks at ℳ ∼ 8 M⊙ and 14 M⊙ in the chirp-mass distribution and explains the dearth of black holes (BHs) in the mass range of ℳ ≈ 10 − 12 M⊙. The gap in chirp mass results from an apparent gap in the component-mass distribution within m1, m2 ≈ 10 − 15 M⊙ and the specific pairing of these BHs. This component-mass gap results from variation in the core compactness of the progenitor, where a drop in compactness as a function of carbon–oxygen core mass means that BHs are no longer formed from core collapse. We develop a population model motivated by this scenario to probe the structure of the component-mass distribution of two populations of BBHs: one population consisting of two peak components, representing BHs formed in the compactness peaks, and another population with a power-law component to account for any polluting events, that is, binaries that may have formed from different channels (e.g. dynamical). We perform hierarchical Bayesian inference to analyse the events from the third gravitational-wave transient catalogue (GWTC-3) with our population model. We find that there is a preference for the lower-mass peak to drop off sharply at ∼11 M⊙ and the upper mass peak to turn on at ∼13 M⊙, in line with predictions in the literature. However, we find no clear evidence for a gap. We also find mild support for a scenario where the two populations have different spin distributions. In addition to these population results, we highlight observed events of interest that differ from the expected population distribution of compact objects formed from stripped stars.
Open cluster dissolution rate and the initial cluster mass function in the solar neighbourhood
Authors: Almeida Duarte , Moitinho André , Moreira Sandro
Published: January 2025

Context. The dissolution rate of open clusters (OCs) and the integration of their stars into the Milky Way’s field population have been explored using their age distribution. With the advent of the Gaia mission, there is an exceptional opportunity to revisit and enhance studies covering these aspects of OCs with ages and masses from high-quality data.

Aims. Our aim is to build a comprehensive Gaia-based OC mass catalogue that, combined with the age distribution, allows for deeper investigation of the disruption experienced by OCs within the solar neighbourhood.

Methods. We determined masses by comparing luminosity distributions to theoretical luminosity functions. The limiting and core radii of the clusters were obtained by fitting the King function to their observed density profiles. We examined the disruption process by performing simulations of the build-up and mass evolution of a population of OCs that we compared to the observed mass and age distributions.

Results. Our analysis yielded an OC mass distribution with a peak at log(M) = 2.7 dex (∼500 M⊙) as well as radii for 1724 OCs. Our simulations showed that when using a power-law initial cluster mass function (ICMF), no parameters are able to reproduce the observed mass distribution. Moreover, we find that a skew log-normal ICMF provides a good match to the observations and that the disruption time of a 104 M⊙ OC is t4tot = 2.9 ± 0.4 Gyr.

Conclusions. Our results indicate that the OC disruption time t4tot is about two times longer than previous estimates based solely on OC age distributions. We find that the shape of the ICMF for bound OCs differs from that of embedded clusters, which could imply a low typical star formation efficiency of ≤20% in OCs. Our results also suggest a lower limit of ~60 M⊙ for bound OCs in the solar neighbourhood.
Thermal environment and erosion of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Groussin O. , Jorda L. , Attree N. , Birch S. P. D. , Bürger J. , Gutiérrez P. , Jindal A. S. , Keller H. U. , Kramer T. , Manghi R. Lasagni , Läuter M. , Markkanen J. , Marschall R. , Schuckart C.
Published: January 2025

Aims. This paper focuses on how insolation affects the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko over its current orbit. We aim to better understand the thermal environment of the nucleus, in particular its surface temperature variations, erosion, relationship with topography, and how insolation affects the interior temperature for the location of volatile species (H2O and CO2).

Methods. We have developed two thermal models to calculate the surface and subsurface temperatures of 67P over its 6.45-year orbit. The first model, with high resolution (300 000 facets), calculates surface temperatures, taking shadows and self-heating into account but ignoring thermal conductivity. The second model, with lower resolution (10 000 facets), includes thermal conductivity to estimate temperatures down to ~3 m below the surface.

Results. The thermal environment of 67P is strongly influenced by its large obliquity (52°), which causes significant seasonal effects and polar nights. The northern hemisphere is the coldest region, with temperatures of 210–300 K. H2O is found in the first few centimetres, while CO2 is found deeper (~2 m) except during polar night around perihelion, when CO2 accumulates near the surface. Cliffs erode 3–5 times faster than plains, forming terraces. The equatorial region receives maximum solar energy (8.5×109 J m−2 per orbit), with maximum surface temperatures of 300–350 K. On the plains, H2O is found in the first few centimetres, while CO2 is found deeper (~2 m) and never accumulates near the surface. In the southern hemisphere, a brief intense perihelion heating raises temperatures to 350–400 K, which is followed by a 5-year polar night when surface temperatures drop to 55 K. Here H2O remains in the first few centimetres, while CO2 accumulates shallowly during polar night, enriching the region. Erosion is maximal in the southern hemisphere and concentrated on the plains, which explains the observed overall flatness of this hemisphere compared to the northern one. Over one orbit, the total energy from self-heating is 17% of the total energy budget, and 34% for thermal conduction. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the surface changes observed on 67P.
Eruptive mass loss less than a year before the explosion of superluminous supernovae
Authors: Gkini A. , Fransson C. , Lunnan R. , Schulze S. , Poidevin F. , Sarin N. , Könyves-Tóth R. , Sollerman J. , Omand C. M. B. , Brennan S. J. , Hinds K. R. , Anderson J. P. , Bronikowski M. , Chen T.-W. , Dekany R. , Fraser M. , Fremling C. , Galbany L. , Gal-Yam A. , Gangopadhyay A. , Geier S. , Gonzalez E. P. , Gromadzki M. , Groom S. L. , Gutiérrez C. P. , Hiramatsu D. , Howell D. A. , Hu Y. , Inserra C. , Kopsacheili M. , Lacroix L. , Masci F. J. , Matilainen K. , McCully C. , Moore T. , Müller-Bravo T. E. , Nicholl M. , Pellegrino C. , Pérez-Fournon I. , Perley D. A. , Pessi P. J. , Petrushevska T. , Pignata G. , Ragosta F. , Sahu A. , Singh A. , Srivastav S. , Wise J. L. , Yan L. , Young D. R.
Published: January 2025

We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2020xga and SN 2022xgc, two hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) at z = 0.4296 and z = 0.3103, respectively, which show an additional set of broad Mg II absorption lines, blueshifted by a few thousands kilometer second−1 with respect to the host galaxy absorption system. Previous work interpreted this as due to resonance line scattering of the SLSN continuum by rapidly expanding circumstellar material (CSM) expelled shortly before the explosion. The peak rest-frame g-band magnitude of SN 2020xga is −22.30 ± 0.04 mag and of SN 2022xgc is −21.97 ± 0.05 mag, placing them among the brightest SLSNe-I. We used high-quality spectra from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths to model the Mg II line profiles and infer the properties of the CSM shells. We find that the CSM shell of SN 2020xga resides at ∼1.3 × 1016 cm, moving with a maximum velocity of 4275 km s−1, and the shell of SN 2022xgc is located at ∼0.8 × 1016 cm, reaching up to 4400 km s−1. These shells were expelled ∼11 and ∼5 months before the explosions of SN 2020xga and SN 2022xgc, respectively, possibly as a result of luminous-blue-variable-like eruptions or pulsational pair instability (PPI) mass loss. We also analyzed optical photometric data and modeled the light curves, considering powering from the magnetar spin-down mechanism. The results support very energetic magnetars, approaching the mass-shedding limit, powering these SNe with ejecta masses of ∼7 − 9 M⊙. The ejecta masses inferred from the magnetar modeling are not consistent with the PPI scenario pointing toward stars > 50 M⊙ He-core; hence, alternative scenarios such as fallback accretion and CSM interaction are discussed. Modeling the spectral energy distribution of the host galaxy of SN 2020xga reveals a host mass of 107.8 M⊙, a star formation rate of 0.96−0.26+0.47 M⊙ yr−1, and a metallicity of ∼0.2 Z⊙.
Stellar flare morphology with TESS across the main sequence
Authors: Seli B. , Vida K. , Oláh K. , Görgei A. , Soós Sz. , Pál A. , Kriskovics L. , Kővári Zs.
Published: January 2025

Context. Stellar flares are abundant in space photometric light curves. As they are now available in large enough numbers, the statistical study of their overall temporal morphology is timely.

Aims. We use light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) to study the shapes of stellar flares beyond a simple parameterization by duration and amplitude, and we reveal possible connections to astrophysical parameters.

Methods. We retrained and used the flatwrm2 long-short term memory neural network to find stellar flares in 2-min cadence TESS light curves from the first five years of the mission (sectors 1–69). We scaled these flares to a comparable standard shape and used principal component analysis to describe their temporal morphology in a concise way. We investigated how the flare shapes change along the main sequence and tested whether individual flares hold any information about their host stars. We also applied similar techniques to solar flares, using extreme ultraviolet irradiation time series.

Results. Our final catalog contains ∼120 000 flares on ∼14 000 stars. Due to the strict filtering and the final manual vetting, this sample contains virtually no false positives, although at the expense of reduced completeness. Using this flare catalog, we detected a dependence of the average flare shape on the spectral type. These changes are not apparent for individual flares; they only appear when averaging thousands of events. We find no strong clustering in the flare shape space. We have created new analytical flare templates for different types of stars, and we present a technique to sample realistic flares and a method to locate flares with similar shapes. The flare catalog along with the extracted flare shapes and the data used to train flatwrm2 are publicly available.
3D radiative MHD simulations of starspots
Authors: Bhatia Tanayveer Singh , Panja Mayukh , Cameron Robert H. , Solanki Sami K.
Published: January 2025

We computed realistic 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) near-surface models of starspots with substantial penumbrae on cool main sequence stars using the MURaM simulation code. This work is an improvement on the previous starspot models in a slab geometry. The umbra, penumbra, and the quiet star for all starspots are distinct, not only in intensity and temperature, but also in thermodynamic and velocity structure. These models represent a significant step towards modeling the starspot contribution to stellar light curves.
Age relationship with incidence of proximal femur fracture at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital in 2022
Authors: Arrozhi Muhammad Yusuf , Hikmawan Taufiek , Sambada Benni , Silvia Ipho , Latif Anwarudin , Wijaya Adi Indra , Kadarmo Dhiwangkoro Aji
Published: January 2025

Femoral fracture is a condition where there is a disturbance in the discontinuity of the femur bone which can be caused by accidents, degenerative and pathological processes. Based on Riskesdas data (2018), femoral fractures have the highest prevalence in cases of lower extremity fractures. Of the 92.976 cases that occurred, as many as 19.754 people suffered femoral fractures. With age, the risk of femoral fracture will increase, especially in the incidence of proximal femoral fractures. This study used an analytical descriptive method with a cross-sectional research design and a retrospective study. The subjects in the study were taken by total sampling method with a minimum number of 101 samples in the medical record. The analysis used in this study was univariate analysis with tabulation presentation (table) and bivariate analysis using a chi-square test. The results showed that the incidence of proximal femur fractures occurred most often in the age group over 40 years, which was 87 subjects (73,7%). There is a significant relationship between age and sex with the incidence of proximal femoral fracture at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta.
Carotenoid comparison among broccoli leaves, stems, and flowers dried with drying cabinet
Authors: Devi Mazarina , Soekopitojo Soenar , Wibawa Aji Prasetya , Nusa Cassandra Permata , Pratiwi Zahra Anggita
Published: January 2025

Vegetables are essential for humanity due to their colour, taste, nutrition, and health. Carotene, a vitamin A precursor and a potent antioxidant, is one of the essential nutrients present in vegetables. The present work was initiated to study the carotenoid content in Broccoli plants dried by cabinet dryer with emphasis on the carotenoid distribution of β- carotene, α-carotene, phytofluene, phytoene and lutein in the leaves, stems and flowers of the plant. These compounds were quantified with the help of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Based on the results, the highest amount of carotenoids histologically present was found in the broccoli leaves, particularly in β-carotene 131.51 μg/g, which was more than in the stems 77.52 μg/g and flowers 55.24 μg/g. One-way ANOVA analysis of variance was carried out. The results were significant in carotenoid content of leaves, stems and flowers p < 0.05, except for phytoene, where no significant difference was noted. It can be concluded that the broccoli leaves, which are usually discarded, are an excellent source of nutrients and therefore can be incorporated into food formulations, especially in the formulations meant to boost antioxidant and provitamin A levels. This study lays down the foundation for improving food processing methods for the better nutritional quality of dry vegetables and sheds light on using Broccoli leaves to achieve sustainable food production by reducing food waste.
Improving the efficiency of the electrocoagulation process for Palm Oil Mill effluent: A case study in POME processing in a palm oil processing factory in Meulaboh, West Aceh Regency
Authors: Daudsyah Muhammad , Mulyati Sri , Rosnelly Cut Meurah , Ambarita Aulia Chintia
Published: January 2025

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a by-product of palm oil processing, which poses a significant risk to environmental integrity due to its high production volume and pollutant content. Therefore, this research offers the POME treatment process using electrocoagulation, a case study in a palm oil processing factory in Meulaboh, West Aceh Regency. Specifically, this study aims to investigate the effect of voltage variation on the removal efficiency of key parameters such as BOD, COD, pH and TSS. The electrode used is made of aluminium (Al) plate with a gap of 2 cm, and the electrolysis time is 60 minutes. The results show that the higher the applied voltage, the greater the parameter removal efficiency, with the best voltage in this result being 25 volts. However, overall, these results have only two parameters that meet wastewater quality standards, which are COD and pH. Further optimization is required to achieve acceptable BOD and TSS levels, highlighting the importance of extended electrolysis times and proper parameter control.
Diversity of gastropoda in the Pepe River Parangtritis, Bantul, D.I. Yogyakarta
Authors: Budiantoro Agung
Published: January 2025

Gastropods are quite abundant in nature and their role in river ecosystems is very important. The Pepe River empties in the middle of Parangtritis Beach so it will be affected by tourism developed in the area. This research aims to identify the types of gastropods in the Pepe Parangtritis River, analyze their level of diversity, and also examine each type of gastropod in their environment. Analysis of environmental parameters was also carried out including DO, dissolved CO2, pH, water salinity and also the type of substrate where the gastropods found lived. The research method used was purposive sampling method. Three research stations were determined. Data collection on gastropod samples at the three stations was carried out using the transect method. Data on gastropod types were then analyzed for the level of gastropod diversity. From the research results, 31 species of Gastropod members were found. The gastropods with the highest abundance are from the genus Tarebia. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index is 2.4, which means the level of gastropod diversity in the Pepe Parangtritis River is moderate. The substrate is mud and a little sand at the end of the Pepe River estuary. Environmental parameters are good in supporting gastropod life.
Efficient removal of manganese from water using bentonite and zeolite adsorbents: A study on natural resources from Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyati Sri , Suraiya  , Hafidhah Bunga , Rahmatillah Rifda , Ambarita Aulia Chintia , Az-harry Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Excessive levels of manganese in drinking water pose serious health risks and environmental concerns. This study investigates the efficacy of natural bentonite and zeolite, which are abundant in Aceh, Indonesia, as adsorbents for manganese removal. Adsorption experiments using activated bentonite and zeolite were conducted to study the effects of various parameters on adsorption efficiency. The results showed a removal efficiency of 98% at 60 min contact time and 1 g/L adsorbent dosage. The optimum adsorbent ratio of 1:1 gave an efficiency of 97.134%. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to evaluate the adsorption isotherms, with the Langmuir model showing a better fit and indicating monolayer adsorption. This study highlights the potential of natural bentonite and zeolite from Aceh as effective and economical adsorbents for manganese removal, providing a sustainable water treatment solution.
The role of estuarine wetland in carbon storage for climate change mitigation: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Fajeriadi Hery , Fahmi Fahmi , Dharmono Dharmono , Zaini Muhammad , Putra Aminuddin Prahatama , Suyidno Suyidno , Irhasyuarna Yudha , Suryajaya Suryajaya , Saifuddin Much. Fuad
Published: January 2025

The 2023 progress report on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is weak, even regressing, including key targets related to climate change, and at risk of failure. Estuarine ecosystems dominated by mangrove vegetation are critical for climate change mitigation. However, these ecosystems continue to be degraded at multiple levels. Indonesia, with the largest mangrove forest area in the world, requires conservation and restoration efforts to effectively mitigate climate change impacts. This study aims to analyze the role of estuarine ecosystems in storing carbon for climate change mitigation. This research uses bibliometric analysis method to produce an in-depth and comprehensive analysis. The data source is the Scopus database, visualized using the VOSviewer application. After limitation, 219 out of 1485 documents that fit the inclusion criteria were obtained. The results showed a significant increase in interest in the topic of the role of estuarine ecosystems for climate change mitigation in the last two years. This research underscores the importance of mangroves restoration in estuarine ecosystems, as their condition has significant impacts on climate change and coastal communities. Nature-based solutions such as the use of green energy, implementation of new technologies such as remote monitoring, and ecosystem balance-based policy-making are recommended. The integration of multi-disciplinary and multi-technology approaches is crucial to build resilient, natural estuarine ecosystems and restore ecosystem services. These findings can also provide a scientific basis for the management of estuarine ecosystems to support SDG 13 Climate Action.
The effect of use of tzm racing exhaust on exhaust emissions and noise on Nmax motorcycles
Authors: Rido Rudiansyah Mohamad , Rahman Huddan , Saepul Rohman Epul , Rohman Fathur , Mardiyana Dani
Published: January 2025

The Yamaha Nmax is one of the motorbikes that is often used to experience modification racing exhaust. However Thus, impact modification racing exhaust against exhaust emissions and levels noise can cause motorbikes don’t fulfil applicable rules. Study This use method experiment with variable Bound that is level ex-haust emissions (CO, HC, NOx) and levels noise (dB). Fuel used that is Pertamax RON 92. Test results exhaust standard Yamaha Nmax meets emission and noise limits permitted by regulations government. CO emissions are 2.22642 g/kWh and HC are 0.4585 g/kWh, and noise of 72.72 dBa. In contrast, the Nmax and TZM racing exhausts do not fulfil standard, with CO emissions of 36.9873 g/kWh and noise of 96.98 dBa, far exceeds the permitted limits. Therefore, That’s the exhaust standard more friendly environmental and appropriate regulations, temporary racing exhaust does not fulfil criteria the.
Application of social environmental accounting in village-owned business enterprises to realize green accounting
Authors: Hariniati Wida , Mardiani Lisna , Nabila Luthfi
Published: January 2025

Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) aims to improve village welfare by optimizing village resources. BUMDes are expected to carry out social responsibilities towards the community during their operations, including implementing environmental accounting. In environmental accounting, management informs stakeholders about their responsibilities and how an entity’s business actions impact the environment. The term “environmental accounting” refers to accounting as a source of this information. The financial report in Green Accounting conveys information about the environmental impact. The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of Green Accounting in BUMDes “Bagjaraharja” in relation to the existence of Green Accounting as a benchmark for the realization of the Green Accounting entity. This qualitative descriptive study involves in-depth interviews with related parties, environmental accounting observations, examination of BUMDes financial reports, and documentation of the results. After observations, interviews and documentation were carried out, data was collected, and conclusions were made. BUMDes “Bagjaraharja” has prepared a report on environmental impacts in accordance with PSAK 1 concerning the presentation of financial statements. Even though this report is still simple, the unique presentation of this environmental accounting report shows the attention of BUMDes “Bagjaraharja” to the provision of environmental accounting information. Ultimately, the policies, human resources and infrastructure readiness of the implementing entity are very important to optimize the implementation of environmental accounting.