bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Osteogenic Activity of Constituents from Butea monosperma.
Authors: Maurya Rakesh , Yadav Dinesh K. , Singh Geetu , Bhargavan Biju , Murthy P. S. Narayana , Sahai Mahendra , Singh Man Mohan
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of Limnophila indica.
Authors: Brahmachari G. , Jash S. K. , Gangopadhyay A. , Sarkar S. , Laskar S. , Gorai D.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (‐)‐Cercosporamide Derivatives as Novel Antihyperglycemic Agents.
Authors: Furukawa Akihiro , Arita Tsuyoshi , Satoh Susumu , Araki Kazushi , Kuroha Masanori , Ohsumi Jun
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzyldihydroxyoctenone, a Novel Anticancer Agent, Induces Apoptosis via Mitochondrial‐Mediated Pathway in Androgen‐Sensitive LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells.
Authors: Moon Hong Sang , Lim Haeyoung , Moon Sangik , Oh Ha Lim , Kim Young‐Tae , Kim Min Kyoung , Lee Chul‐Hoon
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Potential Inhibitors of DNA Topoisomerase. Part 2. Design and Synthesis of α‐Lapachone Derivatives under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Wei Ping , Zhang Xiaohong , Tu Shujiang , Yan Shu , Ying Hanjie , Ouyang Pingkai
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure‐Specific Functions of Patchy Nanoparticles
Authors: Teranishi Toshiharu , Saruyama Masaki , Kanehara Masayuki
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Lanthanide‐Doped Upconversion Nanocrystals
Authors: Wang Feng , Liu Xiaogang
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Stabilized Chalcogen Dications
Authors: Chivers Tristram , Konu Jari
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Protonation of Transition‐Metal Hydrides: A Not so Simple Process
Authors: Besora Maria , Lledos Agusti , Maseras Feliu
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Drosophila of Single‐Molecule Magnetism: [Mn12O12(O2CR)16 (H2O)4]
Authors: Bagai Rashmi , Christou George
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Anionic Reagents with Silicon‐Containing Double Bonds
Authors: Scheschkewitz David
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical and Radical—Ionic Multicomponent Processes
Authors: Godineau Edouard , Landais Yannick
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Iodopyrazoles
Authors: Pereira Claudio M. P. , Quina Frank H. , Silva Filipe A. N. , Emmerich Daniel J. , Machulek Amilcar Jr.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From Allenes to Tetracenes: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactivity of the Intermediates
Authors: Banide Emilie V. , Oulie Pascal , McGlinchey Michael J.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylammonium Salts
Authors: Schlummer B. , Scholz U.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of Alkynes by Camphor Complexes
Authors: Fernanda M. , Carvalho N. N.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Binding Behaviors of p‐Sulfonatocalixarenes in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Guo Dong‐Sheng , Wang Kui , Liu Yu
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrones: Novel Strategies in Synthesis
Authors: Grigor'ev Igor Alexeevich
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Virescenols: Sources, Structures and Chemistry
Authors: Marcotullio Maria Carla , Rosati Ornelio , Curini Massimo
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl Tellurium Compounds
Authors: Kataoka T. , Watanabe S.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Different Synthetic Strategies of Oseltamivir Phosphate — A Potent Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitor
Authors: Gong Jianzhi , Xu Wenfang
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecules from Cobaloximes
Authors: Dreos Renata , Randaccio Lucio , Siega Patrizia
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to the 2007 New Drugs
Authors: Liu Kevin K.‐C. , Sakya Subas M. , O'Donnell Christopher J. , Li Jin
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyborylated Reagents for Modern Organic Synthesis
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Confined Metallosupramolecular Architectures: Formation and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Characterization
Authors: Li Shan‐Shan , Northrop Brian H. , Yuan Qun‐Hui , Wan Li‐Jun , Strang Peter J.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of Helical Self‐Assembled Nanofibers
Authors: Lee Cameron C. , Grenier Christophe , Meijer E. W. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermoresponsive Microgel‐Based Materials
Authors: Lyon L. Andrew , Meng Zhiyong , Singh Neetu , Sorrell Courtney D. , John Ashlee St.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alzheimer′s Disease: From Pathology to Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Jakob‐Roetne Roland , Jacobsen Helmut
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A “FOXO” in Sight: Targeting Foxo Proteins from Conception to Cancer
Authors: Maiese Kenneth , Chong Zhao Zhong , Shang Yan Chen , Hou Jinling
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Fly Ash in the Removal of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater
Authors: Ahmaruzzaman M.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bistable Organic, Organometallic, and Coordination Compounds for Molecular Electronics and Spintronics
Authors: Minkin V. I.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Insights on Therapy with Vitamin D Analogues Targeting the Intracellular Pathways that Control Repigmentation in Human Vitiligo
Authors: Birlea Stanca Ariana , Costin Gertrude‐Emilia , Norris David Albert
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate‐Based Recognition Systems in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Diskin Shiri , Panjwani Noorjahan
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Hydrogels of Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Zhao Fan , Ma Man Lung , Xu Bing
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Model Systems for Understanding Absorption Tuning by Opsin Proteins
Authors: Broendsted Nielsen Mogens
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimization of α‐amylase production in solid substrate fermentation
Authors: Tanyildizi M. Şaban , Selen Veyis , Özer Dursun
Published: May 2009

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the medium components of α‐amylase production using solid substrate fermentation (SSF). Hazelnut cake (HC), peptone, yeast extract (YE), and (NH4)2SO4 were selected as independent variables for optimization. Central composite design (CCD) was used in design experiments and analysis results. This procedure limited the number of actual experiments performed while allowing possible interactions between the independent variables. By using CCD, 30 experiments were performed for determining the interaction of independent variables and optimization of fermentation medium. The P‐value of the coefficient of linear effect of (NH4)2SO4 concentrations, which was obtained as 0.0001 has shown that this parameter has the greatest effect on the production of α‐amylase. Model F‐value (5.62) implies that the model is significant. The highest α‐amylase activity (4895 IU) was measured when the HC, peptone, YE, and (NH4)2SO4 concentrations in the medium were 22.62, 5.20, 1.62, and 6.81 g L−1, respectively.
A numerical study on heat transfer and friction in rectangular channel with inclined perforated baffles
Authors: Putra A.B.K. , Ahn S.W. , Kang H.K.
Published: May 2009

A three‐dimensional numerical study on the turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics in the rectangular channel with different types of baffles is carried out. The inclined baffles have the width of 19.8 cm, the square diamond type hole having one side length of 2.55 cm, and the inclination angle of 5°. Reynolds number is varied between 23 000 and 57 000. The SST k − ω turbulence model is used in the method to predict turbulent flow. The validity of the numerical results is confirmed by measurement. Numerical results show that the flow patterns around the different baffle type are entirely different and it significantly affects the local heat transfer characteristics. The heat transfer and friction factor characteristics are significantly affected by the perforation density of the baffle plate. The present study demonstrates that the battle type II (3 holes) can enhance the greatest heat transfer rates with advantages from the overall efficiency point of view.
Analysis of pressure fluctuations during water evaporation in spouted bed
Authors: Marreto R.N. , Peixoto M.P.G. , Teixeira C.C.C. , Freitas L.A.P.
Published: May 2009

The aim of this work was to study the behaviour of conventional spouted beds during water evaporation and to analyze the pressure fluctuations at the maximum water evaporative capacity for different bed heights and air flow rates. The results showed that spout pressure drop could not indicate the proximity of maximum evaporative capacity; however this condition is denoted by a minimum in fountain height. The standard deviation and amplitude of the pressure fluctuations also showed a minimum point at the maximum water evaporation capacity. The frequency domain analysis of pressure fluctuations revealed that the dry bed has a dominant frequency varying from 6 to 8.2 Hz and that the peak of dominant frequency tends to disappear with the increase in water feed rate.
Separation of VOCs from N2 using poly(ether block amide) membranes
Authors: Liu Li , Chakma Amit , Feng Xianshe , Lawless Darren
Published: May 2009

This work deals with the separation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from nitrogen streams for organic vapour emission control by poly(ether block amide) membranes. As representative air pollutant VOCs, n‐pentane, n‐hexane, cyclohexane, n‐heptane, methanol, ethanol, n‐propanol, n‐butanol, acetone, dimethyl carbonate, and methyl tert‐butyl ether were used in this study. The separation of both binary VOC/N2 and multicomponent VOCs/N2 gas mixtures was carried out, and the membranes exhibited good separation performance. A VOC concentration of more than 90 mol% was achieved at a feed VOC concentration of 5 mol%. It was found that the permeances of the VOCs were mainly dominated by their solubilities in the membrane, whereas the permeance of N2 was affected by the presence of the VOCs. The permeance of N2 in the VOC/N2 mixtures was shown to be higher than pure N2 permeance due to membrane swelling induced by the VOCs dissolved in the membrane. Nevertheless, theVOC/N2 selectivity increased with an increase in the feed VOC concentration. Among the VOCs studied, the membrane showed a higher permeance to alcohol VOCs than paraffin VOCs. The effects of feed VOC concentration, temperature, stage cut, and permeate pressure on the separation performance were investigated.
Long‐Term Clinical Efficacy of Cutting Balloon Angioplasty Followed by Bare Metal Stent Implantation for Treating Ostial Left Anterior Descending Artery Lesions
Authors: Gao Li‐Jian , Chen Ji‐Lin , Chen Jun , Yang Yue‐Jin , Gao Run‐Lin , Li Jian‐Jun , Qin Xue‐Wen , Qiao Shu‐Bin , Xu Bo , Yao Min , Liu Hai‐Bo , Wu Yong‐Jian , Yuan Jin‐Qing , Chen Jue , You Shi‐Jie , Dai Jun
Published: May 2009

Background

Drug‐eluting stents (DES) are superior to bare metal stents (BMS) for treating ostial left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesions, but DES is not suitable for all patients in real life practice.

Hypothesis

We hypothesize that cutting balloon angioplasty (CBA) followed by BMS (CBA + BMS) for treating ostial LAD lesions is an alternative strategy.

Methods

In our study, 101 consecutive patients (51 with DES and 50 with CBA + BMS) with ostial LAD stenting were included for retrospective investigation between November 2003 and May 2005. The target vessel diameter was ≥3.0 mm.

Results

We compared the DES group with the CBA + BMS group, the rates of restenosis (10.3% versus 17.9%, p = 0.386), target lesion revascularization (TLR) (5.88% versus 10%, p = 0.487) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (7.84% versus 12%, p = 0.525) were similar at 6–8 months angiographic follow‐up, but there were higher bleeding events in the DES group (p = 0.033). During a 2‐year clinical follow‐up, no myocardial infarction occurred in the 2 groups, the rates of TLR (7.84% versus 10%, p = 0.741) and MACE (9.8% versus 12%, p = 0.723) were also similar. The MACE‐free survival rate was 90.2% versus 88 % (p = 0.723).

Conclusions

The CBA + BMS combination has a good long‐term clinical effect in the treatment of ostial LAD lesions; it might be an alternative strategy for patients with contraindication for DES implantation, or patients who cannot endure long‐term dual antiplatelet medication, or in elderly patients. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Test Characteristics of Neck Fullness and Witnessed Neck Pulsations in the Diagnosis of Typical AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
Authors: Sakhuja Rahul , Smith Lisa M. , Tseng Zian H. , Badhwar Nitish , Lee Byron K. , Lee Randall J. , Scheinman Melvin M. , Olgin Jeffrey E. , Marcus Gregory M.
Published: May 2009

Background

Claims in the medical literature suggest that neck fullness and witnessed neck pulsations are useful in the diagnosis of typical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT).

Hypothesis

Neck fullness and witnessed neck pulsations have a high positive predictive value in the diagnosis of typical AVNRT.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study of consecutive patients with palpitations presenting to a single electrophysiology (EP) laboratory over a 1 year period. Each patient underwent a standard questionnaire regarding neck fullness and/or witnessed neck pulsations during their palpitations. The reference standard for diagnosis was determined by electrocardiogram and invasive EP studies.

Results

Comparing typical AVNRT to atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL) patients, the proportions with neck fullness and witnessed neck pulsations did not significantly differ: in the best case scenario (using the upper end of the 95% confidence interval (CI), none of the positive or negative predictive values exceeded 79%. After restricting the population to those with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) other than AF or AFL, neck fullness again exhibited poor test characteristics; however, witnessed neck pulsations exhibited a specificity of 97% (95% CI: 90%–100%) and a positive predictive value of 83% (95% CI: 52%–98%). After adjustment for potential confounders, SVT patients with witnessed neck pulsations had a seven‐fold greater odds of having typical AVNRT, p = 0.029.

Conclusions

Although neither neck fullness nor witnessed neck pulsations are useful in distinguishing typical AVNRT from AF or AFL, witnessed neck pulsations are specific for the presence of typical AVNRT among those with SVT. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photooxidation Degradation of Reactive Brilliant Red K‐2BP in Aqueous Solution by Ultraviolet Radiation/Sodium Hypochlorite
Authors: Zeng Qing‐Fu , Fu Jie , Zhou Yang , Shi Yin‐Tao , Zhu Hai‐Liang
Published: May 2009

Photooxidation degradation of Reactive Brilliant Red K‐2BP (K‐2BP) aqueous solution by ultraviolet irradiation/sodium hypochlorite (UV/NaClO) was investigated. The effects of NaClO dosage, pH, temperature and initial dye concentrations were studied. A possible degradation pathway of K‐2BP was investigated. Acidic or neutral conditions were beneficial to the decolorization of K‐2BP aqueous solution. However, alkaline conditions facilitated chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Increasing the solution temperature from 20 to 50°C increased the removal of color and COD. However, at 60°C, the final percentage color and COD removal decreased by approximately 17 and 10%, respectively. Based on the products indentified and theoretical analysis, N=N cleavage and C‐N cleavage were possible initial steps in the degradation of K‐2BP. From the results of this work, we conclude that treatment of UV/NaClO is an efficient method to degrade K‐2BP in aqueous solution.
Cytoskeletal pathologies of Alzheimer disease
Authors: Bamburg James R. , Bloom George S.
Published: May 2009

The histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease are the extracellular amyloid plaques, composed principally of the amyloid beta peptide, and the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, composed of paired helical filaments of the microtubule‐associated protein, tau. Other histopathological structures involving actin and the actin‐binding protein, cofilin, have more recently been recognized. Here we review new findings about these cytoskeletal pathologies, and, emphasize how plaques, tangles, the actin‐containing inclusions and their respective building blocks may contribute to Alzheimer pathogenesis and the primary behavioral symptoms of the disease. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cover Picture: Mechanistic Insights into Cyclooxygenase Irreversible Inactivation by Aspirin (ChemMedChem 6/2009)
Authors: Tosco Paolo , Lazzarato Loretta
Published: May 2009

The cover picture shows aspirin docked in the active site of ovine COX‐1. According to the results of this QM/MM study, this is the conformation likely to trigger Ser 530 acetylation under general base catalysis by the carboxylate group of aspirin. The hydroxy group of Tyr 385 proved to play a key role in orienting and polarizing the acetyl moiety, as previously postulated by Hochgesang et al. on the basis of site‐directed mutagenesis experiments. For more details, see the Communication by P. Tosco and L. Lazzarato on p. 939 ff.

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Reducing inequities in cancer care
Authors: Sanson‐Fisher Rob , Carey Mariko , Mackenzie Lisa , Hill David , Campbell Sharon , Turner Donna
Published: May 2009

A standardized level of care, based on best evidence, needs to be provided to cancer patients to overcome present inequities in care provision and access. To assist in overcoming this problem, it is suggested that the role of existing cancer registries be broadened to include support for more cancer control activities, including assessment of treatment patterns and outcomes, post‐treatment surveillance (follow‐up), and identifying cancer patients' unmet needs to reduce the psychosocial burden on cancer patients.
Mucinous gastric carcinomas
Authors: Choi Jong Sun , Kim Min A , Lee Hee Eun , Lee Hye Seung , Kim Woo Ho
Published: May 2009

BACKGROUND:

Mucinous gastric carcinoma (MGC) is characterized by substantial mucous lakes within tumors and comprises 3% of gastric carcinomas at the authors' institute.

METHODS:

The authors analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics, mucin gene expression profiles, microsatellite instability (MSI), and status of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‐2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genes in 133 MGCs and compared them with the same variables in nonmucinous gastric carcinomas (NMGCs). In addition, the prognostic implications of clinicopathologic parameters were evaluated.

RESULTS:

Patients who had MGC had deeper invasion (P = .003), more frequent lymph node metastasis (P < .001), more advanced pathologic stage (P < .001), more frequent lymphatic invasion (P < .001), and lower disease‐specific survival rates (P < .0001) than patients who had NMGC. However, a mucinous histology per se was not identified as an independent prognostic factor. Negative mucin 1, cell surface associated (MUC1) status (P < .001); positive mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel‐forming (MUC2) status (P < .001); negative mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel‐forming (MUC5AC) status (P = .036); and negative mucin 6, oligomeric mucus/gel‐forming (MUC6) status (P < .001) were more frequent in MGCs. The frequency of MSI in MGC was not significantly different from that in NMGC. MGCs had a significantly lower incidence of HER‐2 protein overexpression (P = .046), HER‐2 gene amplification (P = .009), and EGFR protein overexpression (P = .017) than NMGCs; and multivariate analysis identified EGFR overexpression as a factor associated with a poor prognosis (P = .047). Patients with MGC who had a predominance of signet ring cells in mucin pools had poorer disease‐specific survival than patients who had MGC with predominant tubular differentiation (P = .017).

CONCLUSIONS:

The clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of MGCs differed from those of NMGCs. Furthermore, the results indicated that EGFR overexpression and histologic subtyping by predominant tumor cell type in mucin pools may be helpful for predicting clinical outcome in patients with MGC. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
A stochastic Lamb–Oseen vortex solution of the 2D Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Sereno J. L. , Pereira J. M. C. , Pereira J. C. F.
Published: May 2009

The exact solution of the Lamb–Oseen vortices is reported for a random viscosity characterized by a Gamma probability density function. This benchmark solution allowed to quantify the analytic error of the polynomial chaos (PC) expansion as a function of the number of stochastic modes considered and compare it with its numerical counterpart. The last was obtained in the framework of the PC expansion method together with a finite difference numerical discretization of the resulting system of Navier–Stokes equations for the expansion modes considered. The obtained solution may be used to test other numerical approaches for the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations with random inputs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational Effects in Photoelectron Circular Dichroism of Alaninol
Authors: Turchini Stefano , Catone Daniele , Contini Giorgio , Zema Nicola , Irrera Simona , Stener Mauro , Di Tommaso Devis , Decleva Piero , Prosperi Tommaso
Published: May 2009

A photoelectron circular dichroism (CD) study of the valence states of 2‐amino‐1‐propanol (alaninol) in the gas phase is presented. The aim of the investigation is to reveal conformer population effects in the valence‐state photoelectron spectrum. The experimental dispersion of the dichroic D parameter of valence states as a function of the photon excitation energy is compared with its theoretical value calculated by employing a multicentric basis set of B‐spline functions and a Kohn–Sham Hamiltonian. The theoretical values are in very good agreement with the experimental data when the conformer population distribution is taken into account. Moreover, thanks to a comparison between experiment and theory, a clear assignment of the molecular orbital character and conformer geometry is given to the features of the photoelectron spectrum. This work indicates in a detailed experimental analysis that CD in photoelectron spectroscopy is an effective technique to disentangle the conformer assignment in photoelectron spectra.
Theory of Long‐Range Diffusion of Proteins on a Spherical Biological Membrane: Application to Protein Cluster Formation and Actin‐Comet Tail Growth
Authors: Amatore Christian , Oleinick Alexander I. , Klymenko Oleksiy V. , Svir Irina
Published: May 2009

Diffusional recruitment of proteins: Classical Brownian motion analysis describes the long‐range movements of biomolecules on a spherical biological membrane. This protein diffusion process is prerequisite for the assembly of proteins which then cooperatively catalyze the polymerization of actin monomers to sustain the growth of actin tails (see picture).

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Breaking of symmetry is often required in biology in order to produce a specific function. In this work we address the problem of protein diffusion over a spherical vesicle surface towards one pole of the vesicle in order to produce ultimately an active protein cluster performing a specific biological function. Such a process is, for example, prerequisite for the assembling of proteins which then cooperatively catalyze the polymerization of actin monomers to sustain the growth of actin tails as occurs in natural vesicles such as those contained in Xenopus eggs. By this process such vesicles may propel themselves within the cell by the principle of action‐reaction. In this work the physicochemical treatment of diffusion of large biomolecules within a cellular membrane is extended to encompass the case when proteins may be transiently poised by corral‐like structures partitioning the membrane as has been recently documented in the literature. In such case the exchange of proteins between adjacent corrals occurs by energy‐gated transitions instead of classical Brownian motion, yet the present analysis shows that long‐range movements of the biomolecules may still be described by a classical diffusion law though the diffusion coefficient has then a different physical meaning. Such a model explains why otherwise classical diffusion of proteins may give rise to too small diffusion coefficients compared to predictions based on the protein dimension. This model is implemented to examine the rate of proteins clustering at one pole of a spherical vesicle and its outcome is discussed in relevance to the mechanism of actin comet tails growth.
Fluorescence Quenching by Photoinduced Electron Transfer: A Reporter for Conformational Dynamics of Macromolecules
Authors: Doose Sören , Neuweiler Hannes , Sauer Markus
Published: May 2009

Macromolecular dynamics: A technique for probing conformational dynamics of biomolecules based on contact‐induced fluorescence quenching is discussed. Photoinduced electron transfer can be used to monitor structural variations with single‐molecule sensitivity on sub‐nanometre length scales and with nanosecond temporal resolution (see figure).

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Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between organic fluorophores and suitable electron donating moieties, for example, the amino acid tryptophan or the nucleobase guanine, can quench fluorescence upon van der Waals contact and thus report on molecular contact. PET‐quenching has been used as reporter for monitoring conformational dynamics in polypeptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. Whereas dynamic quenching transiently influences quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime of the fluorophore, static quenching in π‐stacked complexes efficiently suppresses fluorescence emission over time scales longer than the fluorescence lifetime. Static quenching therefore provides sufficient contrast to be observed at the single‐molecule level. Here, we review complex formation and static quenching of different fluorophores by various molecular compounds, discuss applications as reporter system for macromolecular dynamics, and give illustrating examples.
Quality of life in depression: An important outcome measure in an outpatient cognitive–behavioural therapy group programme?
Authors: Swan Amanda , Watson Hunna J. , Nathan Paula R.
Published: May 2009

Studies have shown that psychiatric patients have significantly impaired quality of life (QOL) in comparison to community samples who are not suffering a mental illness. Despite an increase in research in the mental health field, there still remains little consensus as to the merit of using such questionnaires within a mental health population. There is a concern that QOL is redundant with affective state and symptomatology. We investigated the usefulness of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire‐short form (QLESQ‐SF) in a depressed outpatient sample receiving time‐limited, standardized group cognitive–behavioural therapy. QLESQ‐SF ratings were examined at admission and 10‐week endpoint in an intention‐to‐treat (N = 212) and completers (N = 164) sample. QLESQ‐SF ratings and symptom ratings (Beck Depression Inventory‐II; Beck Anxiety Inventory) improved significantly over time. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, although affective state and change in symptomatology were significantly correlated with QOL and change in QOL, a large proportion of variance was unexplained. These results are inconsistent with the theory of measurement redundancy. QOL appears to be a useful measure that provides additional treatment outcome information distinct from affective state and symptomatology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complex Plasma Afterglow
Authors: Couëdel L. , Mezeghrane A. , Samarian A.A. , Mikikian M. , Tessier Y. , Cavarroc M. , Boufendi L.
Published: May 2009

In complex plasmas, dust particles are charged through their interactions with the electrons and the ions of the surrounding plasma. In laboratory discharges, when the discharge is turned off, the charged species of the plasma diffuse away and recombine into neutral species. When dust particles are present inside the plasma, the diffusion of charged species is affected and the plasma decay time can be strongly shorten. Moreover, the dust particles loose their electric charge during the afterglow period. However, dust particles do keep residual charges in the late afterglow and the value of these charges strongly depends on the ambipolar‐to‐free diffusion transition (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure and Phase Transitions of Yukawa Balls
Authors: Baumgartner H. , Block D. , Bonitz M.
Published: May 2009

In this review, an overview of structural properties and phase transitions in finite spherical dusty (complex) plasma crystals – so‐called Yukawa balls – is given. These novel kinds of Wigner crystals can be directly analyzed experimentally with video cameras. The experiments clearly reveal a shell structure and allow to determine the shell populations, to observe metastable states and transitions between configurations as well as phase transitions. The experimental observations of the static properties are well explained by a rather simple theoretical model which treats the dust particles as being confined by a parabolic potential and interacting via an isotropic Yukawa pair potential. The excitation properties of the Yukawa balls such as normal modes and the dynamic behavior, including the time‐dependent formation of the crystal requires, in addition, to include the effect of friction between the dust particles and the neutral gas. Aside from first‐principle molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations several analytical approaches are reviewed which include shell models and a continuum theory. A summary of recent results and theory‐experiment comparisons is given and questions for future research activities are outlined (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recruitment of heterochromatin protein 1 to DNA repair sites
Authors: Zarebski Miroslaw , Wiernasz Elzbieta , Dobrucki Jurek W.
Published: May 2009

Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) was originally identified as a constitutive component of heterochromatin. However it is recognized now that it plays an important role in a number of dynamic processes in the cell nucleus, including transcriptional repression and regulation of euchromatic genes. Recent reports demonstrate that HP1 may be involved in the DNA damage response. Two seemingly contradictory phenomena have been observed—HP1 detachment from chromatin and HP1 recruitment to damaged DNA foci. Based on quantitative FRAP and FLIP studies carefully designed to minimize phototoxicity, we demonstrate that HP1 is recruited to the damaged regions in hetero‐ as well as euchromatin within a few minutes after damage. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Complexity reduction of signal detection by exploiting correlation characteristics of spreading sequences
Authors: Su Qinliang , Huang Aiping , Li Jing , Chen Hsiao‐Hwa
Published: May 2009

In this paper, we propose an approach to reduce the multi‐user detection (MUD) complexity based on user grouping and signal replica classification by exploiting the correlation characteristics of spreading sequences in multipath fading channels. The spreading sequences are constructed from inter‐group complementary codes with a sparse and regular correlation matrix and inherit its attractive auto/cross‐correlation properties. Users are first partitioned into independent user groups according to whether or not there is interference among them, and then the replicas of user signals from the same user group are further classified into independent replica classes. The MUD is carried out within each low‐dimensional user group or replica class, respectively, reducing the MUD complexity substantially. This approach can be applied to most of the existing MUD algorithms for complexity reduction, and in this paper optimal MUD and multi‐stage MUD are exemplified. The analytical and simulated results demonstrate that this approach can reduce the MUD complexity significantly under any load conditions without performance loss. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manic fringe is not required for embryonic development, and fringe family members do not exhibit redundant functions in the axial skeleton, limb, or hindbrain
Authors: Moran Jennifer L. , Shifley Emily T. , Levorse John M. , Mani Shyamala , Ostmann Kristin , Perez‐Balaguer Ariadna , Walker Dawn M. , Vogt Thomas F. , Cole Susan E.
Published: May 2009

Tight regulation of Notch pathway signaling is important in many aspects of embryonic development. Notch signaling can be modulated by expression of fringe genes, encoding glycosyltransferases that modify EGF repeats in the Notch receptor. Although Lunatic fringe (Lfng) has been shown to play important roles in vertebrate segmentation, comparatively little is known regarding the developmental functions of the other vertebrate fringe genes, Radical fringe (Rfng) and Manic fringe (Mfng). Here we report that Mfng expression is not required for embryonic development. Further, we find that despite significant overlap in expression patterns, we detect no obvious synergistic defects in mice in the absence of two, or all three, fringe genes during development of the axial skeleton, limbs, hindbrain, and cranial nerves. Developmental Dynamics 238:1803–1812, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of CuO Nanorods in a Neat Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquid
Authors: Alammar Tarek , Birkner Alexander , Mudring Anja‐Verena
Published: May 2009

CuO nanorods were prepared via ultrasound‐assisted synthesis in the room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazoliumbis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C4mim][Tf2N] as a reaction medium. The structure and morphology of CuO nanorods were characterized with X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrational and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The synthesized CuO nanocrystals are of rod like shape with lengths from 30 to 100 nm and diameters of about 10 nm. Quantum size effects were observed as the bandgap of the CuO nanorods was determined to 2.41 eV from UV/Vis absorption measurements, which is significantly larger than the bulk value. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Two New Supramolecular Architectures of Singly Phenoxo‐Bridged Copper(II) and Doubly Phenoxo‐Bridged Manganese(II) Complexes Derived from an Unusual ONOO Donor Hydrazone Ligand: Syntheses, Structural Variations, Cryomagnetic, DFT, and EPR Studies
Authors: Ray Aurkie , Rizzoli Corrado , Pilet Guillaume , Desplanches Cédric , Garribba Eugenio , Rentschler Eva , Mitra Samiran
Published: May 2009

Two new coordination complexes {[(L)Cu2(μ‐L)(NO3)(CH3OH)0.3(H2O)0.7]·NO3}[Cu(L)(NO3)(CH3OH)] (1) and [Mn2(μ‐L)2(H2O)(μ1‐N3)2(CH3OH)] (2) derived from (E)‐N′‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide [LH] have been synthesized. The new potentially tetradentate ONOO donor hydrazone ligand [LH] has shown considerable metal ion selective phenoxo bridging in 1 and 2. It has coordinated copper(II) ions in its tridentate as well as in tetradentate fashion whereas for manganese(II) ions it solely showed its tetradentate character. In 1 the two adjacent pentacoordinate copper(II) centers are connected by a rare single phenoxo linkage of the hydrazone ligand whereas 2 is a doubly phenoxo‐bridged heptacoordinated manganese(II) dinuclear species. The 3D supramolecular networks of 1 and 2 have resulted from extensive H‐bonding interactions in the respective complexes. Structural variations observed for 1 and 2 have been described by performing single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The ligand and the complexes are characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV/Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Cryomagnetic investigations, DFT studies and EPR analysis, of 1 and 2 have also been studied in detail.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)