bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Supramolecular H‐bonding Network with Orthogonally Tunable Clusteroluminescence
Authors: Shi Chen‐Yu , He Dan‐Dan , Wang Bang‐Sen , Zhang Qi , Tian He , Qu Da‐Hui
Published: November 2022

Enabling dynamically tunable emissive systems offers opportunities for constructing smart materials. Clusteroluminescence, as unconventional luminescence, has attracted increasing attention in both fundamental and applied sciences. Herein, we report a supramolecular poly(disulfides) network with tunable clusteroluminescence. The reticular H‐bonds synergize the rigidity and mobility of dynamic networks, and endow the resulting materials with mechanical adaptivity and robustness, simultaneously enabling efficient clusteroluminescence and phosphorescence at 77 K. Orthogonally tunable luminescence are achieved in two manners, i.e., slow backbone disulfide exchange and fast side‐chain metal coordination. Further exploration of the reprocessability and chemical closed‐loop recycling of intrinsic dynamic networks for sustainable materials is feasible. We foresee that the synergistic strategy of dynamic chemistry offers a novel pathway and potential opportunities for smart emissive materials.
Triflylpyridinium Enables Rapid and Scalable Controlled Reduction of Carboxylic Acids to Aldehydes using Pinacolborane
Authors: Chen Du , Xu Liangxuan , Yu Yi , Mo Qinliang , Qi Xiaotian , Liu Chao
Published: November 2022

Building up new and efficient methods for the controlled conversion of carboxylic acids to aldehydes is important. Herein, we report a rapid, modular and scalable method for the conversion of carboxylic acids to aldehydes using pinacolborane at ambient temperature, in which a triflylpyridinium reagent is used. The conversion of carboxylic acid to intermediate acylpyridinium by triflylpyridinium is new. A binary pyridine‐coordinated boronium complex is generated after reduction. The unprecedented reduction of the acylpyridinium by HBpin opens up a practically direct synthesis of aldehydes from carboxylic acids. Theoretical studies indicate that the reduction of acylpyridinium requires a lower activation free energy than that of the product aldehyde. The synthetic advantage of this protocol is further highlighted by the scalable synthesis of aldehyde via continuous flow process. Configuration retention for chiral acids are presented in those syntheses.
Zirconium Carbide Mediates Coke‐Resistant Methane Dry Reforming on Nickel‐Zirconium Catalysts
Authors: Haug Leander , Thurner Christoph , Bekheet Maged F. , Bischoff Benjamin , Gurlo Aleksander , Kunz Martin , Sartory Bernhard , Penner Simon , Klötzer Bernhard
Published: November 2022

Graphitic deposits anti‐segregate into Ni0 nanoparticles to provide restored CH4 adsorption sites and near‐surface/dissolved C atoms, which migrate to the Ni0/ZrO2 interface and induce local ZrxCy formation. The resulting oxygen‐deficient carbidic phase boundary sites assist in the kinetically enhanced CO2 activation toward CO(g). This interface carbide mechanism allows for enhanced spillover of carbon to the ZrO2 support, and represents an alternative catalyst regeneration pathway with respect to the reverse oxygen spillover on Ni‐CeZrxOy catalysts. It is therefore rather likely on supports with limited oxygen storage/exchange kinetics but significant carbothermal reducibility.
A Dynamic Thermodynamic Resolution Strategy for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Streptonigrin
Authors: Valdez Pérez Luis F. , Bachollet Sylvestre P. J. T. , Orlov Nikolai V. , Kopf Kenji P. M. , Harrity Joseph P. A.
Published: November 2022

We report that axially chiral biaryl boronic esters can be generated with control of atroposelectivity by a Binol‐mediated dynamic thermodynamic resolution process. These intermediates can be progressed to enantioenriched products through stereoretentive functionalization of the carbon–boron bond. Finally, we have exploited this method in the first highly stereoselective total synthesis of P‐streptonigrin.
Evidence of Sulfur Non‐Innocence in [CoII(dithiacyclam)]2+‐Mediated Catalytic Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Battistella Beatrice , Iffland‐Mühlhaus Linda , Schütze Maximillian , Cula Beatrice , Kuhlmann Uwe , Dau Holger , Hildebrandt Peter , Lohmiller Thomas , Mebs Stefan , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Ray Kallol
Published: November 2022

In many metalloenzymes, sulfur‐containing ligands participate in catalytic processes, mainly via the involvement in electron transfer reactions. In a biomimetic approach, we now demonstrate the implication of S‐ligation in cobalt mediated oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). A comparative study between the catalytic ORR capabilities of the four‐nitrogen bound [Co(cyclam)]2+(1; cyclam=1,5,8,11‐tetraaza‐cyclotetradecane) and the S‐containing analog [Co(S2N2‐cyclam)]2+(2; S2N2‐cyclam=1,8‐dithia‐5,11‐diaza‐cyclotetradecane) reveals improved catalytic performance once the chalcogen is introduced in the Co coordination sphere. Trapping and characterization of the intermediates formed upon dioxygen activation at the CoIIcenters in1and2point to the involvement of sulfur in the O2reduction process as the key for the improved catalytic ORR capabilities of2.
A Shuttle‐Free Solid‐State Cu−Li Battery Based on a Sandwich‐Structured Electrolyte
Authors: Wang Huimin , Wang Changhong , Zheng Matthew , Liang Jianneng , Yang Ming , Feng Xingyu , Ren Xiangzhong , Yu Denis Y. W. , Li Yongliang , Sun Xueliang
Published: November 2022

Cu−Li batteries leveraging the two‐electron redox property of Cu can offer high energy density and low cost. However, Cu−Li batteries are plagued by limited solubility and a shuttle effect of Cu ions in traditional electrolytes, which leads to low energy density and poor cycling stability. In this work, we rationally design a solid‐state sandwich electrolyte for solid‐state Cu−Li batteries, in which a deep‐eutectic‐solvent gel with high Cu‐ion solubility is devised as a Cu‐ion reservoir while a ceramic Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 interlayer is used to block Cu‐ion crossover. Because of the high ionic conductivity (0.55 mS cm−1 at 25 °C), wide electrochemical window (>4.5 V vs. Li+/Li), and high Cu ion solubility of solid‐state sandwich electrolyte, a solid‐state Cu−Li battery demonstrates a high energy density of 1 485 Wh kgCu−1and long‐term cyclability with 97 % capacity retention over 120 cycles. The present study lays the groundwork for future research into low‐cost solid‐state Cu−Li batteries.
An Infectious Virus‐like Particle Built on a Programmable Icosahedral DNA Framework**
Authors: Xu Yunyun , Yang Yuhe R. , Shi Qian , Ward Andrew B. , Huang Kui , Chen Xiao , Wang Wei , Yang Yang
Published: November 2022

Viral genomes can be compressed into a near‐spherical nanochamber to form infectious particles. In order to mimic the virus morphology and packaging behavior, we invented a programmable icosahedral DNA nanoframe with enhanced rigidity and encapsulated the phiX174 bacteriophage genome. The packaging efficiency could be modulated through specific anchoring strands adjustment, and the trapped phage genome remained accessible for enzymatic operations. Moreover, the packed complex could infect Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells through bacterial uptake to produce plaques. This rigid icosahedral DNA architecture demonstrated a versatile platform to develop virus mimetic particles for convenient functional nucleic acid entrapment, manipulation and delivery.
Ultrafine metallic cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated in N‐doped carbon as high‐efficiency catalysts for reduction of 4‐nitrophenol
Authors: Lin Weiwei , Ding Minmin , Ouyang Bangjie , Fu Decheng , Fang Yu , Zhu Rufeng , Sun Xiujuan
Published: November 2022

Novel and efficient ultrafine metallic cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated in N‐doped carbon catalysts are prepared via a facile method from pyrolysis of ZIF‐67‐x%CTAB, which is modified by CTAB (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide). The content of surfactant CTAB can control the crystal size of ZIF‐67, which further determines the Co particle size of Co@CN‐x%CTAB. The as‐prepared ZIF‐67‐x%CTAB and Co@CN‐x%CTAB were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Co@CN‐0%CTAB could not maintain the primary morphologies of ZIF‐67‐0%CTAB with the collapse of skeleton. However, the Co@CN‐3%CTAB and Co@CN‐5%CTAB catalysts inherit the original morphologies with skeleton constriction. It indicated that Co@CN catalysts could maintain the skeleton structure of ZIF‐67 by adding CTAB during the preparation process. The particle size of Co@CN decreased with the increasing of CTAB content. Moreover, the addition of CTAB facilitated the formation of Co‐Nx species on catalyst surface. The kinetic rate constant of Co@CN‐5%CTAB catalyst was 0.99 min−1, which is 2.5 times as high as that of Co@CN‐0%CTAB catalyst for 4‐nitrophenol reduction. The excellent catalytic performance of Co@CN‐5%CTAB may be due to the presence of Co (0) species generated in situ during the calcination process, the smaller Co nanoparticles and more Co‐Nx site on the surface of the catalyst.
Influence of magnetic casting on the permeability and anti‐fouling properties of a novel iron oxide/alumina/polysulfone mixed matrix membrane
Authors: Hashemi Targol , Mehrnia Mohammad Reza , Marandi Aydin , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi
Published: November 2022

Novel mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were fabricated using Fe3O4, and Al2O3nanoparticles (NPs) were added to the polysulfone (PSf) and N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solution. The nanocomposite membranes were fabricated using the NIPS (non‐solvent induced phase separation) method. In order to create preferential permeation pathways for water across the MMMs, membrane formation is accomplished with an external magnetic field. Using magnetic casting cause the targeted placement of NPs in the best location and orientation. The performance of the prepared membranes was examined in terms of pure water flux and fouling parameters. Magnetic casting considerably increased pure water flux and decreased the total resistance of the optimum mixed matrix membrane, which contains 0.2% wt. of Fe3O4NPs to 1175 L/m2h and 13.4 * 1011(m−1), respectively. This is explained by the ordering of magnetic nanoparticles on the membrane sub‐layer cast under the magnetic field of 500 mT, which changed the sub‐layer structure. Less rough membrane surface of the mixed matrix membranes offered preferable anti‐fouling properties against fouling by BSA proteins. The characterization of fabricated membranes was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and water contact angle measurement methods.
Dynamic changes of gut bacterial communities present in larvae of Anoplophora glabripennies collected at different developmental stages
Authors: Wang XueFei , Wang HuaLing , Su XiaoYu , Zhang Jie , Bai JiaWei , Zeng JianYong , Li HuiPing
Published: November 2022

The Asian long‐horned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennies (Motschulsky), is a destructive wood‐boring pest that is capable of killing healthy trees. Gut bacteria in the larvae of the wood‐boring pest is essential for the fitness of hosts. However, little is known about the structure of the intestinal microbiome of A. glabripennies during larval development. Here, we used Illumina MiSeq high‐throughput sequencing technology to analyze the larval intestinal bacterial communities of A. glabripennies at the stages of newly hatched larvae, 1st instar larvae and 4th instar larvae. Significant differences were found in larval gut microbial community structure at different larvae developmental stages. Different dominant genus was detected during larval development. Acinetobacter were dominant in the newly hatched larvae, Enterobacter and Raoultella in the 1st instar larvae, and Enterococcus and Gibbsiella in the 4th instar larvae. The microbial richness in the newly hatched larvae was higher than those in the 1st and 4th instar larvae. Many important functions of the intestinal microbiome were predicted, for example, fermentation and chemoheterotrophy functions that may play an important role in insect growth and development was detected in the bacteria at all tested stages. However, some specific functions are found to be associated with different development stages. Our study provides a theoretical basis for investigating the function of the intestinal symbiosis bacteria of A. glabripennies.
Simple and cheap preparation of fluorescence paper sensor based in carbon dot for visual detection of chloramphenicol
Authors: Silva Larissa Franco , Caetano Mayara Martins , de Lima Renata Galvão
Published: November 2022

Carbon dots (CDs) are nanometer‐scale particles produced from carbon sources that exhibit fluorescence emission. The present work presents the synthesis and characterization of CDs, as well as the sensing studies for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP). CAP is an antibiotic used in human medicine and agriculture, and its indiscriminate use and inappropriate disposal have caused damage to human health and the environment. The carbonaceous precursor used in the synthesis of CDs was 3,4‐diaminobenzoic acid (3,4‐DABA) through the hydrothermal method via domestic microwave irradiation. The first synthesis procedure was carried out in the presence of water/ethanol (a‐CDs) and the second in the presence of 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide/ethanol (b‐CDs). The CDs were initially characterized in terms of spectroscopic properties in the ultraviolet and visible region (UV‐visible), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, Raman spectroscopy, and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. Sensing studies for the antibiotic C were performed by fluorescence suppression in the presence of a‐ and b‐CDs, as well as the precursor 3,4‐DABA. The a‐ and b‐CDs presented similar values of linear range 0.00080–0.0050 mg/ml and limit of detection (LOD) = 0.00030 mg/ml (0.30 ppm) for CAP. Then, a‐ and b‐CDs were embedded in Whatman and Mellita® filter paper, and CAP sensing was evaluated through UV light excitation.
Comparison between ixazomib+cyclophosphamide+dexamethasone regimen and ixazomib+dexamethasone regimen for elderly and frail patients having newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Li Shutan , Zhang Duanzhong , Yang Lihua , Huang Chunlan , Niu Ting , Gong Yuping
Published: November 2022

Aims

The purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of the ixazomib+cyclophosphamide+dexamethasone (ICd) and ixazomib+dexamethasone (Id) regimens in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) who were elderly and frail and to compare the two regimens.

Methods

Patients were randomly grouped into ICd and Id group. The primary end point was ORR, and patients who received at least two cycles were analyzed. The median follow‐up was 13.5 months. After nine induction cycles, patients were instructed to take single ixazomib for maintenance.

Results

The overall response rate in the ICd and Id groups was 78.9% and 70.6%, respectively, whereas the very good partial remission or better rate was 47.4% and 23.5%, respectively. For the ICd and Id groups, the response rate after 4 cycles was 76.5% and 57.1%, and the median duration to response was 2 and 4 months, respectively. Adverse events (AEs) included gastrointestinal intolerance, rash, fatigue, and thrombocytopenia, with severe AEs occurring in 21.1% and 23.5% patients in the ICd and Id groups, respectively, and the AEs were manageable. Both the QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐MY20 scales indicated that ICd and Id regimens could help maintain and improve the quality of life(QoL).

Conclusions

The ICd and Id regimens might be effective and well‐tolerated in elderly and frail patients with NDMM. In addition, a favorable outcome was observed that ICd might tend to cause faster and higher remission than Id regimen without increasing the risk of AEs. The long‐term effectiveness and safety of the two regimens need further investigation.
Phenolic Compounds from the Fruits of Prunus davidiana (Rosaceae) and Their Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Lee Min‐Jee , Lee Yeong‐Geun , Lim You Jin , Seo Kyeong‐Hwa , Eom Seok‐Hyun , Kang Se Chan , Baek Nam‐In , Lee Youn‐Hyung
Published: November 2022

This research was supported by Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ014204032019) and the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF‐2020R1A6A3A01100042).
Underweight and obesity are related to higher mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography: The KARDIO invasive cardiology register study
Authors: Laukkanen Jari A. , Kunutsor Setor K. , Hernesniemi Jussi , Immonen Jaakko , Eskola Markku , Zaccardi Francesco , Niemelä Matti , Mäkikallio Timo , Hagnäs Magnus , Piuhola Jarkko , Juvonen Jukka , Sia Jussi , Rummukainen Juha , Kervinen Kari , Karvanen Juha , Nikus Kjell ,   KARDIO Study Group
Published: November 2022

Background

In patients with some cardiovascular disease conditions, slightly elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with a lower mortality risk (termed “obesity paradox”). It is uncertain, however, if this obesity paradox exists in patients who have had invasive cardiology procedures. We evaluated the association between BMI and mortality in patients who underwent coronary angiography.

Methods

We utilised the KARDIO registry, which comprised data on demographics, prevalent diseases, risk factors, coronary angiographies, and interventions on 42,636 patients. BMI was categorised based on WHO cut‐offs or transformed using P‐splines. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for all‐cause mortality.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 4.9 years, 4688 all‐cause deaths occurred. BMI was nonlinearly associated with mortality risk: compared to normal weight category (18.5–25 kg/m2), the age‐adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for all‐cause mortality were 1.90 (1.49, 2.43), 0.96 (0.92, 1.01), 1.04 (0.99, 1.09), 1.08 (0.96, 1.20), and 1.45 (1.22, 1.72) for underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), preobesity (25 to <30 kg/m2), obesity class I (30 to <35 kg/m2), obesity class II (35 to <40 kg/m2), and obesity class III (>40 kg/m2), respectively. The corresponding multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 2.00 (1.55, 2.58), 0.92 (0.88, 0.97) 1.01 (0.95, 1.06), 1.10 (0.98, 1.23), and 1.49 (1.26, 1,78), respectively.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing coronary angiography, underweight and obesity class III are associated with increased mortality risk, and the lowest mortality was observed in the preobesity class. It appears the obesity paradox may be present in patients who undergo invasive coronary procedures.
Chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention in heart transplant patients
Authors: Azzalini Lorenzo , Moroni Francesco , Dawson Kathryn L. , Kearney Kathleen E.
Published: November 2022

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is frequently observed after heart transplant (HT), and represents one of the main causes of chronic rejection, graft loss, and death. While the role of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is well established in the management of CAV in cases of nonocclusive stenoses, the outcomes and technical aspects of this procedure in chronic total occlusions (CTOs) are unknown. We describe our experience with three cases in which CTO PCI was indicated to treat CAV in HT recipients, and we discuss the peculiarities and therapeutic approach to this challenging patient population. In particular, all patients were asymptomatic for angina, and CTO PCI was indicated to promote recovery of left ventricular function, extend graft survival, and/or protect from future ischemic events. CTO PCI was performed using hybrid techniques and was successful in all three cases. Intravascular imaging was used in all cases to maximize the durability of the procedure.
Impact of acute coronary syndrome on clinical outcomes after revascularization with the dual‐therapy CD34 antibody‐covered sirolimus‐eluting Combo stent and the sirolimus‐eluting Orsiro stent
Authors: Jakobsen Lars , Christiansen Evald H. , Freeman Phillip , Kahlert Johnny , Veien Karsten , Maeng Michael , Raungaard Bent , Ellert Julia , Kristensen Steen D. , Christensen Martin K. , Terkelsen Christian J. , Thim Troels , Eftekhari Ashkan , Jensen Rebekka V. , Støttrup Nicolaj B. , Junker Anders , Hansen Henrik S. , Jensen Lisette O.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To compare the efficacy and safety of the dual‐therapy CD34 antibody‐covered sirolimus‐eluting Combo stent (DTS) and the sirolimus‐eluting Orsiro stent (O‐SES) in patients with and without acute coronary syndrome (ACS) included in the SORT OUT X study.

Background

The incidence of target lesion failure (TLF) after treatment with modern drug‐eluting stents has been reported to be significantly higher in patients with ACS when compared to patients without ACS. Whether the results from the SORT OUT X study apply to patients with and without ACS remains unknown.

Methods

In total, 3146 patients were randomized to stent implantation with DTS (n = 1578; ACS: n = 856) or O‐SES (n = 1568; ACS: n = 854). The primary end point, TLF, was a composite of cardiac death, target‐lesion myocardial infarction (MI), or target lesion revascularization (TLR) within 1 year.

Results

At 1 year, the rate of TLF was higher in the DTS group compared to the O‐SES group, both among patients with ACS (6.7% vs. 4.1%; incidence rate ratio: 1.65 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.08–2.52]) and without ACS (6.0% vs. 3.2%; incidence rate ratio: 1.88 [95% CI: 1.13–3.14]). The differences were mainly explained by higher rates of TLR, whereas rates of cardiac death and target lesion MI did not differ significantly between the two stent groups in patients with or without ACS

Conclusion

Compared to the O‐SES, the DTS was associated with a higher risk of TLF at 12 months in patients with and without ACS. The differences were mainly explained by higher rates of TLR.
Comparison of outcomes in patients with or without ARC‐HBR criteria undergoing PCI with polymer‐free biolimus coated stents: The BioFreedom France study
Authors: Garot Philippe , Brunel Philippe , Dibie Alain , Morelle Jean‐François , Abdellaoui Mohamed , Levy Raphy , Carrié Didier , Karsenty Bernard , Robin Christophe , Berland Jacques , Copt Samuel , Sadozai Slama Sara , Oldroyd Keith , Morice Marie‐Claude , Lipiecki Janusz ,   the BioFreedom France Investigators
Published: November 2022

Background

The polymer‐free biolimus coated stent (BioFreedom) was shown to be superior to bare metal stents in the LEADERS FREE randomized trial in high bleeding risk (HBR) patients treated with 1‐month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). However, there is limited outcome data with this device in an all‐comers' population.

Methods

We conducted a prospective single‐arm study of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with the polymer‐free biolimus coated stent in 25 centers in France with wide inclusion criteria including multivessel disease, complex lesions, and acute coronary syndromes. The primary endpoint was the incidence of target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death or target‐vessel myocardial infarction (MI) or clinically indicated target lesion revascularization (ci‐TLR) at 1‐year. The patient population was classified according to the presence (or not) of HBR criteria according to the recent ARC‐HBR definition.

Results

Between April 2019 and April 2020, 1497 patients were enrolled. TLF occurred in 101 (6.9%) patients, including cardiac death in 35 (2.4%), target vessel MI in 20 (1.4%) and ci‐TLR in 65 (4.5%) of them. There were 491 HBR patients (32.8%) and 1006 non‐HBR patients. The median duration of DAPT was 74 days in the HBR group versus 348 days in the non‐HBR group (p < 0.0001). TLF occurred in 44 (9.2%) of the HBR group and in 57 (5.8%) of the non‐HBR group (relative risk 1.62 [95% confidence interval: 1.10–2.41], p = 0015). Compared to the non‐HBR group, HBR patients had higher rates of cardiac death (4.4% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.0005) and target vessel MI (2.9% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.0003), but similar rates of ci‐TLR. BARC 3–5 bleeding occurred in 6.2% of the HBR group versus 1.4% of the non‐HBR group (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

In this multicenter all‐comers study, HBR patients treated with a polymer‐free biolimus coated stent had, compared to non‐HBR patients, an increased risk of cardiac death and MI, and despite a shorter duration of DAPT, continued to have higher rates of BARC 3–5 bleeding.
Unrecoverable stent deformation in the left main: Crush it or remove it?
Authors: Achim Alexandru , Krivoshei Lian , Leibundgut Gregor
Published: November 2022

Serial ostial and distal left main lesions continue to be one of the most difficult tasks for the interventional cardiologist, with many potential complications occurring. We present such a high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention where immediate stent explantation was deemed necessary because the metal deformation and high radial strength of the particular stent platform would prevent an acceptable procedural result if it had been crushed to the vessel wall. The aim of this paper was to discuss left main stent deformation, debate the risks and benefits of stent explantation and finally test in‐vitro our theory on “insufficient” crush with stents with high radial strength and compare it with conventional stents. Bench‐testing supports our ad‐hoc explantation decision showing stent underexpansion, recoil, and malapposition, obtaining an inadequate minimal stent area.
SCAI stage reclassification at 24 h predicts outcome of cardiogenic shock: Insights from the Altshock‐2 registry
Authors: Morici Nuccia , Frea Simone , Bertaina Maurizio , Sacco Alice , Corrada Elena , Dini Carlotta Sorini , Briani Martina , Tedeschi Michele , Saia Francesco , Colombo Costanza , Rota Matteo , Oliva Fabrizio , Iannaccone Mario , De Ferrari Gaetano M. , Sionis Alessandro , Kapur Navin K. , Tavazzi Guido , Pappalardo Federico
Published: November 2022

Background

Cardiogenic shock (CS) includes several phenotypes with heterogenous hemodynamic features. Timely prognostication is warranted to identify patients requiring treatment escalation. We explored the association of the updated Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) stages classification with in‐hospital mortality using a prospective national registry.

Methods

Between March 2020 and February 2022 the Altshock‐2 Registry has included 237 patients with CS of all etiologies at 11 Italian Centers. Patients were classified according to their admission SCAI stage (assigned prospectively and independently updated according to the recently released version). In‐hospital mortality was evaluated for association with both admission and 24‐h SCAI stages.

Results

The overall in‐hospital mortality was 38%. Of the 237 patients included and staged according to the updated SCAI classification, 20 (8%) had SCAI shock stage B, 131 (55%) SCAI stage C, 61 (26%) SCAI stage D and 25 (11%) SCAI stage E. In‐hospital mortality stratified according to the SCAI classification at 24 h was 18% for patients in SCAI stage B, 27% for SCAI stage C, 63% for SCAI stage D and 100% for SCAI stage E. Both the revised SCAI stages on admission and at 24 h were associated with in‐hospital mortality, but the classification potential slightly increased at 24‐h. After adjusting for age, sex, lactate level, eGFR, CVP, inotropic score and mechanical circulatory support [MCS], SCAI classification at 24 h was an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality.

Conclusions

In the Altshock‐2 registry the utility of SCAI shock stages to identify risk of in‐hospital mortality increased at 24 h after admission. Escalation of treatment (either pharmacological or with MCS) should be tailored to achieve prompt clinical improvement within the first 24 h after admission. Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04295252.
Risk factors for percutaneous left ventricular assist device explant complications
Authors: Schott Jason P. , Rusia Akash , Lynch Stephen , Tawney Adam , Mustafa Syed F. , Balla Abdalla K. , Hanson Ivan D.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Percutaneous left ventricular assist device (pLVAD) explant remains nonstandardized with potential complications of bleeding and thrombosis. Explant settings include percutaneous techniques in the catheterization laboratory (CL), manually at bedside (MB), and surgically in the operating room (OR).

Objective

Identify high‐risk features for explant‐related complications, including indication for support, setting, and technique.

Methods

Postexplant bleeding and thrombosis/limb ischemia were identified following pLVAD removals over 2 years at a multicenter healthcare system.

Results

Of 156 patients, bleeding (n = 26 [17%]) and thrombosis (n = 9 [6%]) occurred more often in patients with the peripheral arterial disease (PAD), female gender, anemia, and cardiogenic shock. OR explants had a higher combined endpoint (4/8 [50%]) versus CL (23/133 [17%], p < 0.05) driven by transfusion. There was no difference between OR versus MB (5/15 [33%], p = 0.66) or CL versus MB (p = 0.62). In shock patients, there was no difference between CL (7/30 [23%]) versus MB (5/15 [33%], p = 0.5) and OR (4/7 [57%], p = 0.16); or MB versus OR (p = 0.38). Average length of stay was significantly lower in the CL group versus MB and OR (3.6 ± 33.2 vs. 18.4 ± 10.9 vs. 28.1 ± 15.8 days, p < 0.0001). Preclosure in shock patients (5/25 [20%] vs. 11/27 [41%], p = 0.1383) and crossover balloon occlusion technique (9/44 [16%] vs. 25/112 [22%]; p = 1) were not associated with higher combined endpoints versus control.

Conclusion

Risk factors for pLVAD explant complications include PAD, female gender, and cardiogenic shock. There was no difference in complication rates between explant settings among cardiogenic shock patients, but shorter length of stay when performed in the CL. There was no difference in complication rates when using the crossover balloon occlusion technique.
Endovascular treatment after the fenestrated frozen elephant trunk technique
Authors: Okugi Satoshi , Koide Masaaki , Kunii Yoshifumi , Tateishi Minori , Shimbori Risa , Moriuchi Hiroki , Hayashi Masataka
Published: November 2022

Recently, several centers have performed total arch replacement using the fenestrated frozen elephant trunk technique for acute Stanford type‐A aortic dissection. However, the long‐term results and need for additional treatment following this procedure are unclear. We report a case of a 54‐year‐old man who underwent endovascular therapy for endoleaks after total arch replacement using the fenestrated frozen elephant trunk technique for acute type‐A aortic dissection with an isolated left vertebral artery. After the surgery, the endoleak was resolved, and the patient was asymptomatic with no neurological deficits. This strategy might be effective in similar cases.
Co‐based Catalysts for Selective H2O2Electroproduction via 2‐electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zheng Ruixue , Meng Qinglei , Zhang Li , Ge Junjie , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei , Xiao Meiling
Published: November 2022

Electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process is emerging as a promising alternative method to the conventional anthraquinone process. To realize high‐efficiency H2O2electrosynthesis, robust and low cost electrocatalysts have been intensively pursued, among which Co−based catalysts attract particular research interests due to the earth‐abundance and high selectivity. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the advancement of Co−based electrocatalyst for H2O2electroproduction. The fundamental chemistry of 2‐electron ORR is discussed firstly for guiding the rational design of electrocatalysts. Subsequently, the development of Co−based electrocatalysts involving nanoparticles, compounds and single atom catalysts is summarized with the focus on active site identification, structure regulation and mechanism understanding. Moreover, the current challenges and future directions of the Co−based electrocatalysts are briefly summarized in this review.
From regression rank scores to robust inference for censored quantile regression
Authors: Sun Yuan , He Xuming
Published: November 2022

Quantile regression for right‐ or left‐censored outcomes has attracted attention due to its ability to accommodate heterogeneity in regression analysis of survival times. Rank‐based inferential methods have desirable properties for quantile regression analysis, but censored data poses challenges to the general concept of ranking. In this article, we propose a notion of censored quantile regression rank scores, which enables us to construct rank‐based tests for quantile regression coefficients at a single quantile or over a quantile region. A model‐based bootstrap algorithm is proposed to implement the tests. We also illustrate the advantage of focusing on a quantile region instead of a single quantile level when testing the effect of certain covariates in a quantile regression framework.
General minimum lower‐order confounding three‐level split‐plot designs when the whole plot factors are important
Authors: Sun Tao , Zhao Shengli
Published: November 2022

Three‐level fractional factorial split‐plot (FFSP) designs with the whole plot (WP) factors being more important than the subplot factors are considered in the article. An aliased component‐number pattern of type WP (WP‐ACNP) is introduced for ranking such designs. The criterion of general minimum lower‐order confounding of type WP (WP‐GMC) is proposed based on WP‐ACNP. The expressions of the key components in WP‐ACNP are given via complementary sets. Some necessary conditions for FFSP designs to be WP‐GMC FFSP designs are given and some three‐level WP‐GMC FFSP designs are constructed and tabulated.
IPFS based file storage access control and authentication model for secure data transfer using block chain technique
Authors: Antony Saviour Mariyaprincy , Samiappan Dhandapani
Published: November 2022

The block chain is the emerging domain that offers the features like shared, immutable, and decentralized dataset that saves the asset's history. Security and storage are the most challenging aspect. The classical techniques' issues and challenges are an encouragement for developing a fresh block chain‐assisted IPFS model with access control policies. Hence, this research paper introduces an effective access control and authentication based on an interplanetary file system (IPFS)‐based block chain and access control system for attaining secured transactions. The developed method comprises five entities, that is smart contract, data owner, data requester, block chain and IPFS along with eight phases, to be exact setup, user registration, initialization, storage and data encryption, authentication, testing, access control, and decryption phase, to provide better access control and storage capacity. The proposed IPFS‐based block chain and access control system offered effective storage and secure transactions in the block chain network. The highest detection rate (0.870), lowest communication overhead (0.766 MB), and highest privacy rate (0.719) are all achieved by the proposed IPFS‐based block chain and access control system.
Computational Studies on the Structures of Nanographenes with Various Edge Functionalities
Authors: Takahashi Shusaku , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu
Published: November 2022

Computational studies have often been carried out on hydrogen‐terminated nanographenes (NGs). These structures are, however, far from those deduced from experimental observations, which have suggested armchair edges with two carboxy groups on the edges as dominant. We conducted computational studies on NGs consisting of C42, C60, C78, C96, C142, and C174 carbon atoms with hydrogen, carboxy, and N‐methyl imide‐terminated armchair edges. DFT calculations inform distorted basal planes and similar HOMO‐LUMO gaps, indicating that the edge oxidation and functionalization do not very influence the electronic structure. Comparison of observed UV‐vis spectra of carboxy‐ and N‐octadecyl chain terminated NGs with calculated spectra of model NGs informs the contribution of π‐π* transitions on the basal plane to the absorptions in the visible region. A dimeric structure of NG and octadecyl‐installed NG demonstrate that both the distorted basal planes and the steric contacts among the functional groups widen the surface‐to‐surface distance thereby allowing the invasion of solvent molecules between the surfaces. This picture is consistent with the improved solubility of edge‐modified NGs.
The soundscape of swarming: Proof of concept for a noninvasive acoustic species identification of swarming Myotis bats
Authors: Bergmann Anja , Burchardt Lara S. , Wimmer Bernadette , Kugelschafter Karl , Gloza‐Rausch Florian , Knörnschild Mirjam
Published: November 2022

Bats emit echolocation calls to orientate in their predominantly dark environment. Recording of species‐specific calls can facilitate species identification, especially when mist netting is not feasible. However, some taxa, such as Myotis bats can be hard to distinguish acoustically. In crowded situations where calls of many individuals overlap, the subtle differences between species are additionally attenuated. Here, we sought to noninvasively study the phenology of Myotis bats during autumn swarming at a prominent hibernaculum. To do so, we recorded sequences of overlapping echolocation calls (N = 564) during nights of high swarming activity and extracted spectral parameters (peak frequency, start frequency, spectral centroid) and linear frequency cepstral coefficients (LFCCs), which additionally encompass the timbre (vocal “color”) of calls. We used this parameter combination in a stepwise discriminant function analysis (DFA) to classify the call sequences to species level. A set of previously identified call sequences of single flying Myotis daubentonii and Myotis nattereri, the most common species at our study site, functioned as a training set for the DFA. 90.2% of the call sequences could be assigned to either M. daubentonii or M. nattereri, indicating the predominantly swarming species at the time of recording. We verified our results by correctly classifying the second set of previously identified call sequences with an accuracy of 100%. In addition, our acoustic species classification corresponds well to the existing knowledge on swarming phenology at the hibernaculum. Moreover, we successfully classified call sequences from a different hibernaculum to species level and verified our classification results by capturing swarming bats while we recorded them. Our findings provide a proof of concept for a new noninvasive acoustic monitoring technique that analyses “swarming soundscapes” by combining classical acoustic parameters and LFCCs, instead of analyzing single calls. Our approach for species identification is especially beneficial in situations with multiple calling individuals, such as autumn swarming.
Spatial distribution and its limiting environmental factors of native orchid species diversity in the Beipan River Basin of Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Ye Chao , An Mingtai , Shi Jinzhu , Liu Feng , Zhang Yang
Published: November 2022

To understand the distribution of biodiversity and its determinants, particularly that of ecologically sensitive ones, has long been intriguing to the science community and will help formulate conservation strategies under future climate changes. To this end, we conducted extensive field surveys on the distribution of orchid flora in the Beipan River Basin in Guizhou Province, which is one of the biodiversity conservation priorities in China. The data we acquired, together with those published previously, were converted into orchid species richness for each of the 3 km × 3 km grid cells covering the study region. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were then applied to determine which of the 30 environmental factors are potentially critical for the spatial distribution of orchid flora we have observed. Despite a moderate spatial extent, we found that the Beipan River Basin harbors about 249 native orchid species belonging to 74 genera, equivalent to 14.5% of orchid flora of China. Orchid species richness in this area follows a descending gradient from the southeast to the northwest, 70.41% of its variation among grid cells can be explained by environmental factors and spatial variables, and spatial variables accounted for 63.90% of the spatial variation of orchid distribution, indicating that spatial variables played a dominant role in the distribution of wild Orchidaceae species richness. In addition, the main environmental driver is the mean temperature of the wettest quarter. Our study provides a good example for revealing the main drivers of orchid distribution characteristics and has a certain reference value for the development of orchid conservation strategies.
Refining manual annotation effort of acoustic data to estimate bird species richness and composition: The role of duration, intensity, and time
Authors: Shaw Taylor , Schönamsgruber Sina‐Rebekka , Cordeiro Pereira João M. , Mikusiński Grzegorz
Published: November 2022

Manually annotating audio files for bird species richness estimation or machine learning validation is a time‐intensive task. A premium is placed on the subselection of files that will maximize the efficiency of unique additional species identified, to be used for future analyses. Using acoustic data collected in 17 plots, we created 60 subsetting scenarios across three gradients: intensity (minutes in an hour), day phase (dawn, morning, or both), and duration (number of days) for manual annotation. We analyzed the effect of these variables on observed bird species richness and assemblage composition at both the local and entire study area scale. For reference, results were also compared to richness and composition estimated by the traditional point count method. Intensity, day phase, and duration all affected observed richness in decreasing respective order. These variables also significantly affected observed assemblage composition (in the same order of effect size), but only the day phase produced compositional dissimilarity that was due to phenological traits of individual bird species, rather than differences in species richness. All annotation scenarios requiring equal sampling effort to point counts yielded higher species richness than the point count method. Our results show that a great majority of species can be obtained by annotating files at high sampling intensities (every 3 or 6 min) in the morning period (post‐dawn) over a duration of two days. Depending on a study's aim, different subsetting parameters will produce different assemblage compositions, potentially omitting rare or crepuscular species, species representing additional functional groups and natural history guilds, or species of higher conservation concern. We do not recommend one particular subsetting regime for all research objectives, but rather present multiple scenarios for researchers to understand how intensity, day phase, and duration interact to identify the best subsetting regime for one's particular research interests.
One‐pot Sequential Strategy to Prepare Organoselanyl and Organotellanyl Isoquinolinium Imides
Authors: Goulart Helen A. , Araujo Daniela R. , Barcellos Angelita M. , Jacob Raquel G. , Lenardão Eder J. , Perin Gelson
Published: November 2022

Herein, we report an efficient, transition‐metal‐free and practical one‐pot sequential method for the synthesis of organochalcogenyl isoquinolinium imides. In this one‐pot two‐steps approach, N′‐(2‐alkynylbenzylidene) hydrazides were firstly prepared under ultrasound irradiation, followed by the addition of diorganyl dichalcogenides and Oxone®. A total of 25 organoselanyl isoquinolinium imides, being 22 unprecedented in the literature, were obtained in good to excellent yields (79–95 %) in short reaction times (30–70 min) using a range of 2‐alkynyl aldehydes and diaryl, dialkyl, and diheteroaryl diselenides as substrates. The methodology was extended to tellurium, affording for the first time, tellurium isoquinolinium imides, in good yields (70–80 %) after 120 min of reaction.
Annealing Rate as a Crucial Parameter Controlling the Photoelectrochemical Properties of AuCu Mosaic Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Lipińska Wiktoria , Olejnik Adrian , Karczewski Jakub , Grochowska Katarzyna , Siuzdak Katarzyna
Published: November 2022

Thermal processing is an essential step during the synthesis of various metal nanostructures and for tailoring their morphology, optical, and electrochemical properties. Herein, a profound impact of the annealing rate and time on photoactivity of gold–copper nanostructures by changes in the position and alignment of energy levels and surface states is reported. AuCu nanoparticles (NPs) are fabricated by sputtering of thin metal layers on the Ti nanopatterned foil followed by slow (0.67 °C s−1) or fast (30 °C s−1) treatment in the rapid thermal annealing furnace and then utilized as photoanodes. Photocurrent in the visible range of the slow‐heated AuCu materials is 77 times higher, whereas for the fast heated 24 times higher than for pure Ti platform. On the other hand, the fast‐heated material exhibits higher photon‐to‐current efficiency, longer recombination rate which reaches 10s, and higher carrier transport rate of 150 μs. Based on the simulated projected local density of states analysis and the characteristics of intensity‐modulated spectra, this phenomenon is attributed to the presence of deeper midgap states in the electronic band structure for the fast‐heated samples. Furthermore, photocurrent is enhanced by the presence of Au inside NPs, which increases tunneling across copper oxides junction.
Energy and exergy analysis of solar air heater with trapezoidal ribs based absorber: A comparative analysis
Authors: Gogada Suresh , Roy Sujit , Gupta Ankur , Das Biplab , Ali Ehyaei Mehdi
Published: November 2022

The performance of a solar air heater (SAH) is computationally investigated in this study using COMSOL multiphysics software. The present study aims to enhance the performance of smooth SAH with the help of artificial roughness. To achieve the goal, trapezoidal ribs above (Model 1) and below (Model 2) the absorber were fixed. The thermo‐hydraulic characteristics of smooth SAH were compared with the thermo‐hydraulic performances of Model 1 and Model 2. The computations were made by varying the heat flux between 600 and 1000 W/m2, Reynolds number from 4000 to 7000, relative rib height (h/H) from 0.2 to 0.7, and a constant pitch of 15 mm. The maximum enhancement in Nusselt number (Nu) compared to smooth duct was 5.54 times for Model 1 and 5.42 times for Model 2 at a h/H = 0.7 at Re = 7000. The maximum increase in friction factor was 36.97 times more than the smooth duct. The thermal performance factor (TPF) at 1000 W/m2 ranged from 1.29 to 1.72 for Model 1 and 1.27 to 1.68 for Model 2. It is found that trapezoidal ribs of Model 1 with h/H of 0.6 has delivered a maximum TPF of 1.72 at Re = 7000. The optimized relative rib height was found to be 0.6. The maximum exergy efficiency of 10.40% was obtained for Model 1 with h/H of 0.6 and at 1000 W/m2.