bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between Intraoperative Remifentanil Dosage and Postoperative Opioid Consumption in Adolescent Idiopathic Spine Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lo Calvin , Schwindt Stephanie , Sharma Richa , Dubé Rebecca , Faraoni David , Steinberg Benjamin E. , Brown Stephen
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery is associated with significant postoperative pain. Remifentanil is a short-acting opioid that is often used as a component of total intravenous anesthesia. Remifentanil has been implicated in acute opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia, resulting in increased postoperative pain and opioid consumption. This retrospective study sought to investigate the relationship between the dose of intraoperative remifentanil and cumulative postoperative opioid consumption through 72 hours following surgery for pediatric AIS patients.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective chart review of adolescent patients undergoing posterior spine instrumentation under total intravenous general anesthesia at a single major pediatric center between January 2015 and October 2017. The relationship between intraoperative cumulative weight-adjusted remifentanil dose and logarithmic transformation of cumulative weight-adjusted opioid consumption through 72 hours following surgery was examined by regression analysis. A priori determined potential confounding variables were collected, including demographic data, perioperative analgesic agents (ie, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and acetaminophen), surgical duration, vertebrae instrumented, and blood transfusion. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to adjust for these possible confounding variables.

RESULTS:

Eighty-nine patients met inclusion criteria, of which 78 had complete data for analysis. Univariable linear regression analysis revealed no association between remifentanil dose and opioid consumption through 72 hours following surgery (slope = 0.79 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.98; R
2 = 0.0039; P = .588]). After adjustment for possible confounding factors, no relationship between remifentanil dose (regression coefficient (coeff.) −0.08; 95% CI, −1.59 to 1.43; P = .912) and opioid consumption through 72 hours was found (slope =0.90 [95% CI, −0.65 to 2.46]; R
2 = 0.1634). Similar results were obtained when the model was repeated for opioid consumption in postanesthesia care unit (PACU).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study examining adolescent patients undergoing surgery for idiopathic scoliosis, no association was found between the dose of intraoperative remifentanil and postoperative opioid consumption in the context of a propofol-based total intravenous anesthetic and multimodal analgesia. These results provide direction for future prospective controlled studies to further evaluate this relationship.
Effect of Noise Intensity of Aviation Activities on Student Learning Concentrations
Authors: Robinson Remigius , Donuata Pujianti Bejahida , Ete Agustinus Angelaus , Rusdin Muhamad Epi
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of flight activity noise intensity on student learning concentration. This study involved 48 students (male = 24 and female = 24) who were randomly selected in the Islamic elementary school Waioti, Maumere. The intensity of flight activity noise during classroom learning activities is measured using a Sound Level Meter (SLM), and students' concentration levels were measured using a 5-level Likert scale learning concentration questionnaire. The effect of flight noise intensity on student learning concentration was determined using linear regression analysis. The results showed that the noise level due to flight activities in the Waioti Islamic Elementary School was 58.92 dB, exceeding the set threshold value. The intensity level of students' learning concentration disorders reached 71.43%, including frequent disturbance. The level of flight activity noise significantly affects student learning concentration with the regression model: Y = 49.972 + 0.834X with R2 of 0.635.
Tunnelling Effect for Quadruples Potential Using Matrix Propagation Method
Authors: Nasiroh Chilwatun , Supriadi Bambang , Handayani Rif'ati Dina
Published: February 2021

Semiconductor materials can be used as potential barriers to Tunnelling effects. In this study, four semiconductor materials are arranged in various ways to form a quadruple potential structure to analyze the value of the transmission coefficient. The analysis was conducted using the analytical and numerical matrix propagation method using Matlab2018a. The results confirmed that the inverted arrangement produces the same transmission coefficient value for each energy. So that there are 12 kinds of transmission coefficient values generated from 24 arrangements. The semiconductor material composition with the most considerable transmission coefficient value is ADCB and BCDA, which have a value of 0.8087. The variation of the arrangement affects the value of the transmission coefficient so that it can be used as a guideline for selecting the arrangement that produces the most optimum value of the transmission coefficient from various possible arrangements.
Ethnoecology: The traditional landscape of Osing Tribe in Banyuwangi, Indonesia
Authors: PRASETYO BUDI , CHIKMAWATI TATIK , WALUJO EKO BAROTO , AMZU ERVIZAL
Published: February 2021

Prasetyo B, Chikmawati T, Walujo EB, Amzu E. 2018. Ethnoecology: The traditional landscape of Osing Tribe in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2003-2009. There is a concern that the decreasing area of Osing tribe in Banyuwangi may cause the decline of the farming culture that has been rooted in their daily lives. This research aimed to analyze the traditional knowledge of Osing tribe in the management and utilization of landscape units generated from farming activities and the benefit assessment of landscape units based on gender perception. The research used explorative method with emic and ethic approaches. The importance of each landscape element is assessed through MLA (Multidisciplinary Landscape Assessment) by scoring with Pebble Distribution Method (PDM) in Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The respondents consisted of females and males with three age categories: 11-17 years, 18-45 years, and ≥ 46 years. The results of PDM showed that the Osing tribes in the three villages of study sites considered their yards as the most important landscape unit in their lives (PDM = 42.82), followed by paddy field (PDM = 26.05), garden (PDM = 16.12), and finally field (PDM = 15.01). Based on gender perception, a house with a yard had higher importance (PDM = 45.09) in female’s perception than in male’s (PDM = 40.55). Three canopy strata or layerswere found in village landscapes, namely yard, paddy field, garden, and field.
Assessing the status of pinuchu as indicator of socio-ecological resilience of Chaya Socio-Ecological Production Landscape, Ifugao, Philippines
Authors: SANTIAGO JHOANNA O. , BUOT, JR INOCENCIO E.
Published: February 2021

Santiago JO, Buot Jr IE. 2018. Assessing the status of pinuchu as indicator of socio-ecological resilience of Chaya Socio-Ecological Production Landscape, Ifugao, Philippines. Biodiversitas 19: 2010-2019. Safeguarding biodiversity should be one of the priorities of the community to attain resilience. This study was aimed to determine the conditions of the woodlot (pinuchu) along the altitudinal zones of the mountain ranges in Chaya and correlated this to resilience. Specifically, it aimed to (i) determine the species composition, structure, and diversity of the tree species in selected pinuchu and (ii) determine the environmental variables associated with the vegetation composition. Vegetation data were subject to classification and ordination analyses. Species diversity was also calculated using Shannon-Wiener index. The tree diversity showed an overall diversity of (H'=3.83) corresponding to relatively high diversity. According to canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), elevation, temperature, and human disturbances influenced the vegetation composition. It is recommended that to sustain resilience of the CSEPL, pinuchu should be biodiversity-rich at all times. Policymakers should use native species as planting material in the reforestation program instead of using fast-growing exotic species.
Ethnobotany of tree ferns in Pasir Menyan Hamlet, Sukamandi Village, Subang, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: SURYANA SURYANA , ISKANDAR JOHAN , PARIKESIT PARIKESIT , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT
Published: February 2021

Suryana, Iskandar J, Parikesit, Partasasmita R. 2018. Ethnobotany of tree ferns in Pasir Menyan Hamlet, Sukamandi Village, Subang, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2044-2051. Tree ferns are plants that grow mostly in the highlands, such as in the forest area of ​​Tangkuban Perahu Mountain, Subang, West Java, Indonesia. The existence of tree ferns and their population are threatened, along with forest damage and over-exploitation. The present study was directed to examine the local knowledge of the community around the forest area of ​​Mount Tangkuban Perahu in term of local names, utilization, suitability to grow, and conservation efforts of tree fern. This research was conducted in Pasir Menyan Hamlet, Sukamandi Village, Subang, West Java in March-June 2017. The method used in this study was mixed-method, a combination of qualitative and quantitative, while some field techniques, including observation, semi-structured interviews, structured interviews, and botanical survey of tree ferns were carried out. The results of the study showed that it was recorded 8 landraces of tree fern were recognized by informants, namely pakis tihang, pakis sieur, bagedor, pakis minyak, pakis payung, pakis cempor, pakis bulu, and sijabrig. In terms of local knowledge on tree ferns, people with ages 50-59 years old recorded a right a higher percentage of tree ferns than the children and younger people. Regarding education, the result showed that a low level of education had the highest level of knowledge of local names and utilization of tree ferns as vegetables, ornamental plants, growing media, and for handicrafts because of they still intensive interaction with forest ecosystem and tree ferns. On the basis conservation of tree ferns, the rural people of Sundanese people have a tradition to prohibit (pamali) to cut forest on the river bank, open slopes, closed forests, damaged forest areas, and in the valleys. In addition, traditional conservation practice on tree ferns has recorded, for example, rural people of Pasir Menyan Hamlets have traditional prohibited to open sacred forest, including to take of tree ferns.
Short Communication: Development of selected PGPR consortium to control Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis and promote the growth of tomatoYanti Y, Warnita, Reflin. 2018. Short Communication: Development of selected PGPR consortium to control Ralstoni
Authors: YANTI YULMIRA , WARNITA WARNITA , REFLIN REFLIN , HAMID HASMIANDY
Published: February 2021

Yanti Y, Warnita, Reflin. 2018. Short Communication: Development of selected PGPR consortium to control Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis and promote the growth of tomato. Biodiversitas 19: xxxx. A microbial consortium is a group of different species of microorganisms and acts as a community. Combinations of biocontrol strains are expected to have a better result to suppress multiple plant diseases. Our previous research had selected four plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains from chili (B. pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232, B. cereus strain CCM 2010, Bacillus toyonensis strain BCT-7112, Serratia nematodiphila strain DZ0503SBS1) and three strains from tomato (Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232, Bacillus toyonensis strain BCT-7112, Bacillus thuringiensis strain ATCC 10792 ) which had ability to promote growth and control Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis indigenously. The strains were used in the development of PGPR consortiums to increase their ability for biocontrol agent of Ralstonia syzigii subsp. indonesiensis and promoting the growth of tomato. Results showed that not all strains had good compatibility to grow together. Ten consortiums were developed based on their compatibilities. All consortiums exhibited the capability to reduce bacterial wilt disease development and also promote the growth of tomato. The consortium consisted of Serratia nematodiphila strain DZ0503SBS1, B. cereus strain CCM 2010, Bacillus aryabhattai strain B8W22 and Bacillus cereus strain IAM 12605 resulted in the best ability to reduce disease development and promote growth and yield of tomato.
Chromosome numbers of some Asteraceae species from Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok, Indonesia
Authors: SALAMAH ANDI , OKTARINA RIRIN , AMBARWATI EKA AYU , PUTRI DWI FAUZIYAH , DWIRANTI ASTARI , ANDAYANI NOVIAR
Published: February 2021

Salamah A, Oktarina R, Ambarwati EA, Putri DF, Dwiranti A, Andayani N. 2018. Chromosome numbers of some Asteraceae species from Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2079-2087.  Asteraceae is the largest plant family, comprising of more than 1,600 genera and 23,000 species with a worldwide distribution. Many species of Asteraceae are found to be very significantly abundant in a range of habitats and are used as sources of medicines, food, forage, and other useful products. Many cytological studies have been carried out on Asteraceae. However, information about the chromosome numbers of Asteraceae in Indonesia is still very limited. In this study, the chromosome numbers of 15 species of Asteraceae found around the Universitas Indonesia campus were counted. For chromosomal preparations, the root/shoot tips were pretreated with 2 mM 8-hydroxyquinoline, stained with aceto-orcein, prepared using the squash method, and then observed with a microscope. Of the 15 species, 12 showed variation in chromosome numbers: Cosmos caudatus, Elephantopus scaber, Tridax procumbens, Mikania micrantha, Sphagneticola trilobata, Ageratum conyzoides, Cyanthillium cinereum, Chromolaena odorata, Synedrella nodiflora, Youngia japonica, Eclipta prostrata, and Porophyllum ruderale. The other three species showed no variation in chromosome number: Emilia sonchifolia (2n=10), Sonchus arvensis (2n=18), and Cosmos sulphureus (2n=24). We also found new variations in chromosome numbers that have not yet been listed in the Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers (IPCN).
Rapid expansion and biodiversity impacts of the red devil cichlid (Amphilophus labiatus, Günther 1864) in Lake Sentani, Papua, Indonesia
Authors: OHEE HENDERITE L. , SUJARTA PUGUH , SURBAKTI SURIANI BR. , BARCLAY HOLLY
Published: February 2021

Ohee HL, Sujarta P, Br Surbakti S, Barclay H. 2018. Rapid expansion and biodiversity impacts of the red devil cichlid (Amphilophus labiatus, Günther 1864) in Lake Sentani, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2096-2103. The red devil cichlid (Amphilophus labiatus, Günther 1864) is one of ten exotic fish species inhabiting Lake Sentani. It is believed to be one of the most important threats to the native fish of Lake Sentani. This study aimed to document the distribution of red devil cichlids and the impacts of this species on native fish fauna. Fish were sampled in six locations in Lake Sentani using gill nets during February and March 2018. Fish species and abundance were recorded and used to calculate the relative abundance, dominance, species evenness, Shannon Wiener Index (H’) and the correlation between introduced and native fish species. A total of 836 fish belonging to 12 species were recorded across Lake Sentani. Mean fish diversity (H’=0.57) and evenness (E= 0.25) were low. The red devil cichlid is the most abundant fish recorded during our surveys (87.2% of total fish collected) and is now the most dominant fish in the lake (C=0.76). Moreover, it has colonized all areas sampled within the lake because of its ability to colonize new habitat and to successfully exploit a large diversity of trophic niches. However, Amphilophus labiatus was not found to be significantly correlated to native fish between different sites in Lake Sentani. The existence of endemic and native fish in Lake Sentani is now seriously threatened by the presence of the red devil cichlid throughout this lake.
Short Communication: Cyrtodactylus elok Dring, 1979 (Sauria, Gekkonidae): A first country record for Thailand
Authors: CHUAYNKERN YODCHAIY , NURNGSOMSRI PECHRKAWIN , CHUAYNKERN CHANTIP , DUENGKAE PRATEEP , KARAPHAN SUNATE
Published: February 2021

Chuaynkern Y, Nurngsomsri P, Chuaynkern C, Duengkae P, Karaphan S. 2018. Short Communication: Cyrtodactylus elok Dring, 1979 (Sauria, Gekkonidae): A first country record for Thailand. Biodiversitas 19: 2111-2117. The present work reports a new country record for Thailand of the bent-toed gecko Cyrtodactylus elok Dring, 1979 based on a single specimen which was collected from Hala‒Bala Wildlife Sanctuary, Narathiwat Province (southern Thailand). The Thai specimen shows morphological characters similar to C. elok as follows: 12-14 supralabials, 10-11 infralabials, seven tubercles across midbody, 49 ventral scales, enlarged femoral scales absent, tubercles on forelimbs absent, ventrolateral fold poorly defined, and large tubercles of dorsolateral caudal rows. The species was previously known from the discovery made in Malaysia. This addition brings the number of Thai prehensile-tailed species to three. Morphological and distributional maps are provided.
Vegetation analysis along the altitudinal gradient of Mt. Ilong, Halcon Range, Mindoro Island, Philippines
Authors: C. VILLANUEVA ELAINE LOREEN , E. BUOT, JR. INOCENCIO
Published: February 2021

Villanueva ELC, Buot, JrIE. 2018. Vegetation analysis along the altitudinal gradient of Mt. Ilong, Halcon Range, Mindoro Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 19: 2163-2174. The vegetation of Halcon Range is diverse, unique, and culturally important; however, there is a very limited information on its altitudinal distribution and structure, leading to the formation of land uses that trigger problem in sustainable management decisions for the mountain. This study analyzed the vegetation in land use types distribution along the altitudinal gradient of Mt. Ilong, Halcon Range, Mindoro, Philippines. Fourteen plots of 10 x 10m were established along the slope from 100m-1400m elevation. The tree species that were sampled from the plots were subjected to classification and ordination analyses. The dendrogram showed three distinct vegetation zones corresponding land use types: Zone I (agroforest land use zone), Lansium-Artocarpus-Swietenia-Ficus-Nephelium-Mangifera zone; Zone II (forest land use zone), Cyathea-Astronia-Syzygium-Garcinia-Ficus-Psydrax-Diplodiscus zone; and Zone III (forest land use zone), Agathis-Suli-Alitugba-Ardisia zone. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that elevation, temperature and pH level are the environmental variables that strongly influenced the vegetation distribution in various land uses, a characteristic that is similar to other tropical mountains.
Short Communication: Trees species diversity and indicator species in Bedugul forest ecosystem, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: SUTOMO SUTOMO , DARMA I DEWA PUTU , PRIYADI ARIEF , IRYADI RAJIF
Published: February 2021

Sutomo, Darma IDP, Priyadi A, Iryadi R. 2018. Trees species diversity and indicator species in Bedugul forest ecosystem, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2213-2218. Bedugul area is an endorheic basin landscape with 3 lakes namely, Beratan, Buyan, Tamblingan, which is surrounded by Bukit Mangu, Tapak and Lesung. Topography of the area shows sloping to steep slopes with altitude on the lake surface ± 1,100 m asl and the highest peak of Bukit Mangu 2002 m asl. Ecological studies have not been optimal so identification of comprehensive ecological potential is carried out. Measurement of tree vegetation diversity was carried out by Centered Quarter Method and important value ratio analysis and location elevation class. The results of the inventory of tree species diversity in the Bedugul Bali forest area recorded 35 species and 13 indicator tree species. From the number of indicator tree species in the Mangu hill forest area there are 5 types of Ficus sp, Platea latifolia, Polyosma integrifolia, Lindera sp. and Syzygium sp., Bukit Tapak forest area consists of 4 species, Casuarina junghuhniana,  Acronychia trifoliate,  Astronia spectabilis and Homalanthus giganteus, the forest area of ​​Bukit Lesung consists of 4 types of Lophopetalum javanicum, Syzygium racemosum, Dysoxylum nutans and Dendrocnide peltata.
Molecular identification, abundance and distribution of the coral-killing sponge Terpios hoshinota in Bengkulu and Seribu Islands, Indonesia
Authors: UTAMI RISNITA TRI , ZAMANI NEVIATY P. , MADDUPPA HAWIS H.
Published: February 2021

Utami RT, Zamani NP, Madduppa HH. 2018. Molecular identification, abundance and distribution of the coral-killing sponge Terpios hoshinota in Bengkulu and Seribu Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2238-2246. Coral killing sponge Terpios hoshinota is one of threats to coral reefs. The outbreaks of  T. hoshinota has been reported in the Indo-Pacific region. However, the current distribution of this species in Western of Sumatera Island is unknown, compared to Seribu Islands. This study aimed to identify coral-killing sponge molecularly and to compare the distribution and abundance of T. hoshinota in Bengkulu (Western of Sumatera) and in Seribu Islands (Northern of Java Island) and to record the preferences of coral substrate of T. hoshinota. Coral reefs and T. hoshinota data were collected using underwater photo transect method with 0.5x0.5m2 quadrate transect. Coral reefs covered by T. hoshinota was analyzed by using Correspondence Analysis, while the determination of biophysical and chemical environment was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis. The identity of the sponge was T. hoshinota. T. hoshinota has been expanding in many reefs across Indonesia especially in Tikus Island and Belanda Island. The most prevalent coral genera in the Seribu Islands infected by T. hoshinota was Acropora while those in Bengkulu were Porites and Pocillopora. Pearson correlation between the live coral cover and T. hoshinota cover was revealed not significant, while T. hoshinota cover and orthophosphate was significant. This study suggests that orthophosphate may play a role invasion of T. hoshinota outbreaks.
Short Communication: Growth and mortality rate of Black Pomfret Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795) and Silver Pomfret Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) in Paloh Waters, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: DAMORA ADRIAN , ARIYOGAGAUTAMA DWI , WAHJU RONNY I. , SUSANTO HENDRO , WANG JOHN
Published: February 2021

Damora A, Ariyogagautama D, Wahju RI, Susanto H, Wang J. 2018. Short Communication: Growth and mortality rate of Black Pomfret Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795) and Silver Pomfret Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) in Paloh Waters, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2247-2251. Three species of pomfret fish were caught in Paloh waters including Parastromateus niger, Pampus argenteus, and Pampus chinensis. P. niger and P. argenteus which were more dominant than P. Chinensis. Pomfret fishing in the Paloh waters is not carried out throughout the year, but generally only in August to October every year. The main fishing gear used was drift gill net. Data on the growth parameter and mortality of the pomfret fish is required as an effort for the management of this fish. This study was aimed to estimate the growth and mortality rate of P. niger and P. argenteus in Paloh waters, located in West Kalimantan. This study was conducted from April 2014 to June 2017. The fish samples were collected by catching the fish using drift gill net used by the fishing vessels. The data were analyzed using an analytic model and run using ELEFAN 1 software and Length-converted Catch Curve on FISAT II software. The result showed that von Bertalanffy growth parameters covering growth curvature (k), asymptotic length (L∞), and the age of fish in length zero (t0) was 0.26 year-1, 46.2 cm TL and -1.85 years for P. niger and 0.53 year-1, 46.2 cm TL and -0.88 years for P. argenteus. The von Bertalanffy growth function for P. niger as Lt = 46.2[1-e-0.26 (t+1.85)] and for P. argenteus as Lt = 46.2[1-e-0.53 (t+0.88)]. These functions described the expected or average length at a time (age). Total mortality rate (Z), natural mortality rate (M) and fishing mortality (F) were 0.93 year-1, 0.29 year-1 and 0.64 year-1 for P. niger and 1.68 year-1, 0.47 year-1 and 1.21 year-1 for P. argenteus. Exploitation rate (E) was 0.68 year-1 for P. niger and 0.72 year-1 for P. argenteus. The growth of P. niger is slower than the growth of P. argenteus and the fishing mortality of P. argenteus is higher than P. niger’s. Both of the exploitation rates indicated that the fish resources are over-exploited.
Short Communication: Inventory of traditional medicinal plants and their uses from Atinggola, North Gorontalo District, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
Authors: KANDOWANGKO NOVRI YOULA , LATIEF MUKHLISULFATIH , YUSUF RAMPI
Published: February 2021

Kandowangko NY, Latief M, Yusuf R. 2018. Inventory of traditional medicinal plants and their uses from Atinggola, North Gorontalo District, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2294-2301. Medicinal plants have been used by the people of Gorontalo as a hereditary tradition. But this knowledge has not spread to the wider community because the traditional wisdom about medicinal plants has not been documented, stored and managed properly by employing digital tools. The purpose of this study is to prepare an inventory of the traditional medicinal plants and the details of their uses in Atinggola, North Gorontalo district, Indonesia. Data has been collected by ethnobotanical survey method and analyzed using the descriptive qualitative method. The study has shown that 38 species of medicinal plants, belonging to 20 families, are used to cure many diseases by the traditional healers of Atinggola. Among them, 6 species are used to treat fever, 5 species to treat skin diseases, 2 species each to treat cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, liver diseases, and as body tonic to restore power; 1 species each to treat toothache, malaria, tonsillitis, allergies, eye irritation, wound infections and tuberculosis (TBC). Plant parts used in the treatment practices are leaf, fruit, flower, rhizome, root, stem, seed, shoots, midribs parts, etc. However, the most dominant part used is the leaf of the plants. Various methods such as boiling, squeezing, scraping, chewing, smashing, brewing, etc. are used to prepare the medicines. 29 species (76.31%) of medicinal plants are collected from cultivated sources such as backyards and gardens while 9 species (23.68%) are still sourced from forests.
Geometric morphometrics species discrimination within the Genus Nemipterus from Malaysia and its surrounding seas
Authors: IMTIAZ AYESHA , NAIM DARLINA MD
Published: February 2021

Imtiaz A, Md Naim D. 2018. Geometric morphometrics species discrimination within the Genus Nemipterus from Malaysia and its surrounding seas. Biodiversitas 19: 2316-2322. High demand of fish protein diet and exposure of marine fish to a challenging marine environment has increased the importance of advanced fisheries research especially in Malaysian waters, particularly research related to taxonomy, biology, diversity, population structure as well as phylogenetic histories of commercially important marine fish species to ensure continuous supply of fish and fish products. This current research aimed to explore the potential of geometric morphometrics method to discriminate among taxa of genus Nemipterus through body size and shape differences. A total of 171 individuals representing ten species of genus Nemipterus collected from Malaysia and its surrounding seas were examined. The resulting homologous landmarks were subjected to generalized procustes analysis followed by principal component analysis. Principle component scores were further investigated to cross-validated discriminant analysis to determine the efficacy of landmarks in discriminating by taxon. Our finding shows that species within the genus Nemipterus can be differentiated using geometric morphometrics method as strongly depicted by canonical variance analysis. This current study is the first report utilizing geometric morphometrics approach conducted on the genus Nemipterus from Malaysian waters.
Lichen diversity in geothermal area of Kamojang, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia and its potential for medicines and dyes
Authors: KUSMORO JOKO , NOER IIN SUPARTINAH , JATNIKA MUHAMAD FEISAL , PERMATASARI RIRIN EKA , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT
Published: February 2021

Kusmoro J, Noer IS, Jatnika MF, Permatasari RE, Partasasmita R. 2018. Lichen diversity in geothermal area of Kamojang, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia and its potential for medicines and dyes. Biodiversitas 19: 2335-2343. The study of lichens diversity in Kamojang, West Java was conducted by survey in geothermal field area following the line transect 6 km along to the East, North West and south from the Power House of Geothermal Power Plant. The lichen samples were taken from bark, soil, and stone. Lichen identification was done by morphological, anatomy and chemical analysis. Dyes potency of Parmotrema and Usnea test using ammoniac fermentation was done in Plant Taxonomy Laboratory of Department Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Padjadjaran. The survey has successfully collected 133 species of lichens, belong to 62 genera and 17 families. Parmeliaceae was found as dominant groups, consisting of 33 species and other co-dominant groups are Graphidaceae and Lobariaceae with 24 species and 8 species, respectively. Most lichens in Kamojang geothermal area belong to Ascomycetes, only one Basidiomycetes such as Dictyonema sericeum (Sw.) which found at Kawah Manuk (Manuk crater) area. The rare species of lichens such as Usnea longissima Ach, was found at Pine forest in Arboretum 6 km south of Powerhouse of Kamojang geothermal. Chemical analysis and literature study for Lichenic acid contains was done and generally, atranorin, usnic acid, barbatic and lecanoric acid was found in lichens samples. Amoniac fermentation result showed that Parmotrema tinctorum produced brownish red, red and purple, which occurred within 1 week to 5 weeks after fermentation. While Usnea produced variety of brown color, which occurred within 5 days up to 4 weeks after fermentation. Lichen species containing some medical properties are Bulbothrix, Cladonia and Usnea. While lichens having dyes properties are Hypogymnia, Lobaria, Peltigera, Usnea, and Parmotrema.
Short Communication: Correlation, path analysis, and heritability of phenotypic characters of bread wheat F2 populations
Authors: WAHYU YUDIWANTI , PUTRI NURWANITA EKASARI , NINGTYAS TRI KOESOEMA , SUTJAHJO SURJONO HADI , NURa AMIN
Published: February 2021

Wahyu Y, Putri NE, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Sutjahjo SH, Nur A. 2018. Short Communication: Correlation, path analysis, and heritability of phenotypic characters of bread wheat F2 populations. Biodiversitas 19: 2344-2352. Wheat varieties are still limited for Indonesia. A high yield wheat plant is necessary to be assembled by selecting plants from a segregated population. The selection will need information on some characters that contribute to the high yield and the relationship among the observed characters. This study aimed to determine the relationship between characters and the effects of the observed characters to grain yield per plant. This research was conducted from July 2017 to March 2018 at Balithi Experimental Farm (1100 m asl.), Cipanas, Cianjur District, West Java, Indonesia. The genetic material used were three F2 population of bread wheat (G1/Se, HP/Se, and Ja/Se) and four parent genotypes. Observations were made on each individual of F2 populations. Parent genotypes were planted by using completely randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the number of a grain of non-main spike and the number of grain per plant characters had a high correlation in each F2 population and these characters also had positive and significant direct effect to grain weight per plant. It could be a character selection for high yield breeding program. The broad sense heritability was medium to a high value for all characters in F2 G1/Se and HP/Se populations.
Diversity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli lytic phage from Cisadane River, West Java, Indonesia based on morphology and protein molecular weight characteristics
Authors: SUFA HAFIZAH ILMI , BUDIARTI SRI , RUSMANA IMAN
Published: February 2021

Sufa HI, Budiarti S, Rusmana I. 2018. Diversity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli lytic phage from Cisadane River, West Java, Indonesia based on morphology and protein molecular weight characteristics. Biodiversitas 19: 2359-2364. The aimed of this study was to identify, isolate and characterized the lytic phage diversity which had a potential in reducing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), antibiotic resistant-pathogenic bacteria infecting urinary tract from Cisadane river based on the morphology and protein molecule weight. To the best of our knowledge, this study has not yet been reported in Indonesia. Two novel lytic phages of UPEC, FU1, and FU3 were isolated from Cisadane River, Indonesia. Both of lytic phages were more closely related to Podoviridae, which had icosahedral capsid in 47.2 nm and 40 nm diameter length, respectively and short-noncontractile tail (< 40 nm). The FU1 and FU3 had different protein molecular weight ranges between 10-76 kDa and 8-120 kDa, respectively. In addition, the bacteriolytic activity of FU3 (1.6 ´ 107 PFU/mL) was able to reduce UPEC (1.7 ´ 107 CFU/mL) to become lower than the limitation value of infection (< 105 CFU/mL) in only 25 h of incubation. A better effect of FU3 phage in decreasing UPEC population in vitro is expected to be one of the further alternative biocontrol agents to reduce the abundance of UPEC population which grows in urinary tract or contaminates river water.
Short Communication: Detection of lectin gene (MLL1 and M35) in mulberry plant (Morus spp.) from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: WULANDARI YASINTA RATNA ESTI , YOGIARA YOGIARA , LIZAR MICHAEL
Published: February 2021

Wulandari YRE, Yogiara, Lizar M. 2018. Short Communication: Detection of lectin gene (MLL1 and M35) in mulberry plant (Morus spp.) from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Biodiversitas 19: 2381-2384. Plant species contains carbohydrate-binding protein known as lectin or agglutinin. Lectin binds to specific carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides or oligosaccharides and initiates agglutination process. Lectin plays an important role as plant defense, so that it can be used to prevent pest attacks. Mulberry leaf lectin 1 (MLL1) from young leaves of Morus alba can be used against phytopathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas syringae pv. mori. Mannose-binding lectin (M35) was found on stems of M. nigra as protein storage. M35 is also produced on roots of M. alba and induced by mulberry stem cuttings. This research purpose was to isolate and analyze lectin gene expression (MLL1 and M35) in M. alba var. multicaulis, M. cathayana, M. bombycis var. lembang, and M. alba var. kanva-2 from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Different plant organ including leaves, stems, and roots were used as source of samples and analyze using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Our results showed that all of MLL1 genes were expressed in young leaves, but not expressed in stems and roots of mulberry plant samples. The M35 gene was expressed in young leaves, stems, and roots of all mulberry plant samples. Reverse Transcription PCR of MLL1 gene exhibited a 350 bp DNA band, while M35 gene exhibited a 99 bp DNA band.
Gap analysis of land availability and land needs to identify potential development of agricultural lands in Santan watersheds, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: SOPIAN AKHMAD , HARDWINARTO SIGIT , AIPASSA MARLON IVANHOE
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Sopian A, Hardwinarto S, Aipassa MI, Sumaryono. 2019. Gap analysis of land availability and land needs to identify potential development of agricultural lands in Santan watersheds, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1097-1105. Pressures caused by high population growth in various places increase the needs for lands. The aims of this research are to determine the availability and needs of agricultural lands in Santan 1 and Santan 2 watersheds, East Kalimantan, Indonesia as well as to classify land capability which are key aspects in managing land resources. Land availability was determined based on the local actual total production of all commodities, such as agriculture, plantation, and livestock at the sub-district level. Land needs were determined based on the land area required for decent life needs per resident. While land capability was determined using weighting analysis of the limiting factors. Results of this study show that land availability on Santan 1 and Santan 2 watersheds is inadequate to fulfill the needs of inhabitants for agricultural lands. There are 19,053 hectares of lands currently available for agriculture, while there are 56,969 hectares of lands required for agriculture, implying a deficit of 37,916 ha of land. Analysis on land capability shows that lands with eutropepts and tropudults soil with total extent of 16,650,9 hectares are potential to be developed for dryland agriculture, such as seasonal crops, while tropohemist soil is suitable for farmland development, such as lowland rice. The spatial plans in Santan 1 and Santan 2 watersheds do not have adequate lands with agricultural capability since the cultivation areas are situated in VI and VII class with limiting factor of slope and erosion. We find there is undeveloped land in the form of bushes with an extent of 12,989,3 hectares in Santan 1 watershed and 7,055.54 hectares in Santan 2 watershed as potential lands to be developed for dryland agriculture. The results of this study suggest that when establishing neighborhood and hamlet should refer to soil characteristics with certain land capability and cultivation activities not to be done on lands with slopes of >15%.
The psychic skin between individual and collective states of mind in trauma
Authors: Luci Monica
Published: February 2021

This article attempts to develop an argument about a relationship between the individual intra-psychic functioning and the social and political life in trauma. This relationship, it is argued, is mediated by the skin and sensations related to touch and the imagination of it. The deepest transformations of the individual self and a group’s political and social life seem to go through a rearrangement of the psychic skin as a means of development. Three examples show how the psychic skin operates at the point of intersection between the individual and group states of mind reshaping the individual self and group identity. One example is about the relationship between the fascist architecture in the city of Rome and the 1930s fascist political project of shaping a ‘New Man’; another is my understanding of the post-traumatic suffering and changes of my refugee patients who have survived torture, which is a trauma inflicted by a collective; and third, it is an hypothesis of the role which the Western Wall in Jerusalem had in reshaping Israeli identities on the backdrop of traumatic history and wider tensions of two peoples on that disputed territory.
Tracking in Israeli high schools: social inequality after 50 years of educational reforms
Authors: Bar-Haim Eyal , Feniger Yariv
Published: February 2021

This paper provides an overview of tracking in Israeli upper secondary education and assesses its effect on the attainment of higher education degrees and earnings. Since the early 1970’s, the Israeli education system has gone through three major reforms that profoundly transformed tracking and sorting mechanisms in secondary education. All three aimed at reducing social inequality in educational attainment through structural changes that expanded learning opportunities and replaced rigid top-down sorting mechanisms with concepts of differentiation and choice. Utilising a data set that includes a large representative sample of Israelis born between 1978 and 1981 who were fully affected by the reforms, the analysis shows that there is a clear link between social background and track placement. Track placement, in turn, is associated with attainment of higher education degrees and income. Moreover, tracking mediates a large proportion of the association between parental class and these two adult outcomes. We also show that the low-status academic tracks that replaced the vocational tracks did not improve the life chances of low-achieving students from disadvantaged social groups.
The early labour-market returns to upper secondary qualifications track in England
Authors: Capsada-Munsech Queralt , Boliver Vikki
Published: February 2021

We explore the early labour-market returns to following the academic track (such as A levels) rather than the vocational track (for example, NVQs) in upper secondary education in England. England is an interesting country case because students are ‘free to choose’ which upper secondary track they follow, unlike to many other European countries where standardised tests and teachers’ recommendations play a much larger role. We draw on data from the longitudinal survey Next Steps and register data from the National Pupil Database. We consider occupational social class and net disposable income at age 25 as early labour-market outcomes to explore to what extent the upper secondary qualification track has a net influence on them, controlling for pre-track measured ability, relevant socio-demographic characteristics and higher education participation. Our results show that following the academic track in upper secondary education is associated with higher chances of being employed in a service class occupation at age 25, compared to those with vocational upper secondary qualifications or no upper secondary qualifications at all. Subsequent participation in (prestigious) universities further improves the chances of service class membership. Interestingly, there does not seem to be a differentiated effect of following the academic rather than the vocational track by socio-economic status, except for those that did not subsequently attend university. Unlike access to service class occupations, we find no net effect of upper secondary track on disposable income at age 25 after controlling for prior attainment at GCSE and subsequent participation in higher education.
Social impact bonds and their implications for third sector organisations: experiences from the Netherlands
Authors: Patetta Valentina , Enciso Santocildes Marta
Published: February 2021

The social impact bond (SIB) is defined as a form of payment-by-results scheme combining governmental payments with private investments. This paper explores the motivations and implications of three third sector organisations (TSOs) participating in SIBs in Continental Europe. It offers an understanding of the involvement of TSOs in this type of scheme; and it shares insights about a context that is different from the United Kingdom and the United States – the Netherlands – which presents the opportunity to expand our knowledge about SIBs.
Better together: comprehensive social work education in England
Authors: Hanley Joe
Published: February 2021

Prospective social workers in England are increasingly being segregated into different qualification routes. While the justification for this segregation relates to either academic achievement or the vocational nature of the course, students also end up segregated based on prior advantage, personal circumstances, context and experience. This article examines the three main routes into contemporary social work in England: fast-track training programmes, apprenticeships and mainstream programmes. It is shown that each of these approaches arguably have advantages and disadvantages, but that ultimately it is the segregation itself is doing the most damage to the profession. An alternative approach is suggested, based on comprehensive and social justice values, where the focus is on bringing students together, rather than splitting them apart.
Second harmonic generation in Dirac/Weyl semimetals with broken tilt inversion symmetry
Authors: Gao Yang , Ge Bin
Published: February 2021

We theoretically investigate the second harmonic generation in tilted Dirac/Weyl semimetals with broken tilt inversion symmetry in the absence of an external magnetic field using quantum theory. An analytical formula for the second harmonic conductivity tensor is derived, and it does not depend on the chirality of Weyl node. There are two contributions to the conductivity in the low-frequency region, one coming from the intraband transitions and describing by Drude-like effects, and the other from the interband-intraband transitions due to the linear energy dispersion of Dirac/Weyl semimetals near the Dirac/Weyl points. In the high-frequency region, the appearance of prominent resonant peaks in the nonlinear conductance originates from the two-photon absorption process. It is found that Dirac/Weyl semimetals have a very high nonlinear susceptibility, and an optimal tilt of the Dirac/Weyl node for the maximum nonlinear susceptibility has been found.
Ali Dilem: Artivisme algérien et mémoire comique
Authors: Rousseau Sandra
Published: February 2021

This article analyses Algerian cartoonist Ali Dilem’s drawings from the first years of the décennie noire and contrasts them with his productions from the early months of 2019, when the Algerian demonstrators of the hirak ousted President Bouteflika. Dilem’s career – spanning over 30 years – has made him a staple of Algerian and European news, whether in newspapers or on TV. Both popular and prolific, Dilem produces cartoons that illustrate what I call ‘comic memory’, a recording and remembering of the past through humour. A diachronic analysis of this large corpus of drawings sheds light on the social and subversive potentials of humour, but most importantly allows for a discussion of its mechanisms over time. Through a careful reading of Dilem’s sardonic cartoons and their contexts of production, I show his work offers both a comic outlet unifying readers in a community of laughter, and a stern cultural commentary on how Algerians consider their history. In particular this article addresses two central motifs of Dilem’s work, on the one hand Algerians’ relationship to France, on the other hand the political pressures exerted on journalistic work in Algeria. Through themes such as censorship, racism and subversion, I explain how humour is a valuable source for memory studies. In fact, Dilem’s work participates in creating a comic archive that keeps track of the mentalités and sheds light on media politics, aesthetics and the poetics of humour.
Tahar Ben Jelloun’s La Punition, or the (re)presentation of incarceration as lived experience
Authors: Nayak Aparna
Published: February 2021

This article examines Tahar Ben Jelloun’s La Punition (Gallimard, 2018), his first memoir about his imprisonment in 1966–68, but not his first foray into la littérature carcérale; in 2001, Ben Jelloun published Cette aveuglante absence de lumière, a fictionalized account based on the experience of Aziz Binebine, a former prisoner in Tazmamart. Cette aveuglante absence de lumière received much critical acclaim internationally, but attracted as much controversy in Morocco. I describe the conditions of ‘les années de plomb’, then I examine the debates surrounding Cette aveuglante absence de lumière before analysing his testimonial La Punition, written over five decades after his release. How does La Punition differ from Cette aveuglante absence de lumière in style and approach? What does Ben Jelloun write about candidly, so many years after the fact, and what does he elide? After addressing these questions, I demonstrate there is no serious reckoning with the structural systems that constrain Moroccan society, namely the monarchy and the army. While Ben Jelloun describes his imprisonment in detail, there is no unequivocal critique of royal power; while he criticizes the abuse of power by the army in the 1960s, he never overtly denounces the continued muzzling of detractors in contemporary Morocco.