bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workplace violence, work‐related exhaustion, and workplace cognitive failure among nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Arnetz Judith E. , Baker Nathan , Arble Eamonn , Arnetz Bengt B.
Published: May 2024

Aim

To examine the relationships between nurses' exposure to workplace violence and self‐reports of workplace cognitive failure.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

An online questionnaire was administered in April 2023 to nurses in Michigan, US. Structural equation modelling was used to examine effects of physical and non‐physical workplace violence (occupational stressors) and work efficiency and competence development (occupational protective factors) on workplace cognitive failure.

Results

Physical violence was a significant predictor of the action subscale of cognitive failure. There were no direct effects of non‐physical violence, workplace efficiency, or competence development on any of the workplace cognitive failure dimensions. Both types of violence and efficiency had significant indirect effects on workplace cognitive failure via work‐related exhaustion. Work‐related exhaustion predicted significantly higher scores for workplace cognitive failure.

Conclusion

Workplace violence and work efficiency exhibited primarily indirect effects on workplace cognitive failure among nurses via work‐related exhaustion.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Nurses experiencing workplace violence may be at increased risk for workplace cognitive failure, especially if they are also experiencing work‐related exhaustion. Workplaces that nurses perceive as more efficient can help to mitigate the effects of violence on nurses' cognitive failure.

Impact

This study addressed the possible effects of workplace violence as well as work efficiency and competence development on nurses' cognitive failure at work. Analyses revealed primarily indirect effects of workplace violence, and indirect protective effects of work efficiency, on nurses' cognitive failure via work‐related exhaustion. This research has implications for healthcare organizations and suggests that efforts made by healthcare workplaces to prevent violence and work‐related exhaustion, and to enhance work efficiency, may help to mitigate workplace cognitive failure among nurses.

Reporting Method

We have followed the STROBE checklist in reporting this study.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or public contribution.
Three‐dimensional imaging analysis of CAD/CAM custom‐milled versus prefabricated allogeneic block remodelling at 6 months and long‐term follow‐up of dental implants: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Seidel Anna , Leira Yago , Batalla Pilar , Caneiro Leticia , Wichmann Manfred , Blanco Juan
Published: May 2024

Aim

This retrospective cohort study aimed to volumetrically investigate the bone stability rate of prefabricated allogeneic bone blocks (PBB) and computer‐aided design (CAD)/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) custom‐milled allogeneic bone blocks (CCBB) for ridge augmentation.

Materials and Methods

Nineteen patients were treated with 20 allografts: 11 CCBB, 9 PBB; 10 in the maxilla and 10 in the mandible. Clinical treatment history and cone beam computed tomography scans before surgery (t0), directly after graft surgery (t1) and after 6 months of healing prior to implant insertion (t2) were evaluated using a three‐dimensional evaluation software for absolute bone volume, stability as well as vertical and horizontal bone gain. Furthermore, the inserted implants were analysed for survival, marginal bone loss (MBL) and complications for a mean follow‐up period of 43.75 (±33.94) months.

Results

A mean absolute volume of 2228.1 mm3 (±1205) was grafted at t1. The bone stability rate was 87.6% (±9.9) for CCBB and 83.0% (±14.5) for PBB. The stability was higher in the maxilla (91.6%) than in the mandible (79.53%). Surgery time of PBB was longer than for CCBB (mean Δ = 52 min). The survival rate of the inserted implants was 100% with a mean MBL of 0.41 mm (±0.37).

Conclusion

The clinical performance of both allograft block designs was equally satisfactory for vertical and horizontal bone grafting prior to implant placement.

Clinical Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06027710.
Impact of Charlson Comorbidity Index on in‐hospital mortality of patients with hyperglycemic crises: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: He Rui , Zhang Kebiao , Li Hong , Fu Shimin , Chen Zhen , Gu Manping
Published: May 2024

Aim

This study was designed to investigate the association between Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and in‐hospital mortality and other clinical outcomes among patients with hyperglycemic crises.

Method

This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from electric medical records. A total of 1668 diabetic patients with hyperglycemic crises from six tertiary hospitals met the inclusion criteria. CCI < 4 was defined as low CCI and CCI ≥ 4 was defined as high CCI. Propensity score matching (PSM) with the 1:1 nearest neighbour matching method and the caliper value of 0.02 was used to match the baseline characteristics of patients with high CCI and low CCI to reduce the confounding bias. In‐hospital mortality, ICU admission, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, acute kidney injury, length of stay (LOS), and hospitalisation expense between low CCI and high CCI were compared and assessed. Univariate and multivariate regression were applied to estimate the impact of CCI on in‐hospital and other clinical outcomes.

Outcome

One hundred twenty‐one hyperglycemic crisis (HC) patients died with a mortality rate of 7.3%. After PSM, compared with low CCI, patients with high CCI suffered higher in‐hospital mortality, ICU admission, LOS, and hospitalisation expenses. After multivariate regression, age (aOR: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06−1.18, p < 0.001), CCI(aOR: 4.42, 95% CI: 1.56−12.53, p = 0.005), uninsured (aOR: 22.32, 95% CI: 4.26−116.94, p < 0.001), shock (aOR: 10.57, 95% CI: 1.41−79.09, p = 0.022), mechanical ventilation (aOR: 75.29, 95% CI: 12.37−458.28, p < 0.001), and hypertension (aOR: 4.34, 95% CI: 1.37−13.82, p = 0.013) were independent risk factors of in‐hospital mortality of HC patients. Besides, high CCI was an independent risk factor for higher ICU Admission (aOR: 5.91, 95% CI: 2.31−15.08, p < 0.001), hypoglycemia (aOR: 2.19, 95% CI:1.01−4.08, p = 0.049), longer LOS (aOR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.19−2.27, p = 0.021), and higher hospitalisation expense (aOR: 2089.97, 95% CI: 193.33−3988.61, p = 0.031) of HC patients.

Conclusion

CCI is associated with in‐hospital mortality, ICU admission, hypoglycemia, LOS, and hospitalisation expense of HC patients. CCI could be an ideal indicator to identify, monitor, and manage chronic comorbidities among HC patients.
Oral tranexamic acid treats papulopustular rosacea by improving the skin barrier
Authors: Xu Zining , Yu Biao , Xu Bingyang , Ye Shuhong , Qing Yuxin , Zhao Bin , Hong Sun , Wu Na , Wu Jiawen
Published: May 2024

Background

Papulopustular rosacea (PPR) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a significant impact on facial aesthetics. An impaired skin barrier is an important factor in the development and exacerbation of PPR. Tranexamic acid (TXA) has immune regulatory and anti‐inflammatory effects, inhibits angiogenesis and endothelial hyperplasia, and promotes skin barrier repair.

Aims

We investigated the efficacy and safety of oral TXA for PPR treatment.

Patients/Methods

In total, 70 patients were randomly assigned to receive traditional therapy plus oral TXA or traditional therapy alone for 8 weeks, with a 4‐week follow‐up period. The subjective improvement in rosacea was assessed using the clinical erythema assessment (CEA), investigator's global assessment (IGA), patient self‐assessment (PSA) score, rosacea‐specific quality of life (RQoL) score, and global aesthetic improvement score (GAIS). An objective improvement in rosacea was assessed using skin hydration, trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL), clinical photography, and an eight spectrum facial imager.

Results

CEA/IGA/PSA, dryness, and RQoL scores were significantly lower and GAIS was higher in the TXA group than in the traditional therapy group. Furthermore, oral TXA significantly improved skin barrier function, increased skin hydration, and decreased TEWL, with no significant side effects. Notably, we observed better outcomes and a greater improvement in skin barrier function with TXA treatment in patients with dry‐type rosacea than in patients with oily skin.

Conclusions

The addition of oral TXA to traditional therapy can lead to rapid and effective improvements in PPR, which may be attributed to improvements in skin barrier function.
Patient‐reported outcomes of topical finasteride/minoxidil treatment for male androgenetic alopecia: A retrospective study using telemedical data
Authors: Abeck Finn , Hansen Inga , Kött Julian , Schröder Florian , Garrahy Edward , Veneroso Juliana , Rünger Alessandra , Torster Leopold , Schneider Stefan W. , von Büren Johannes
Published: May 2024

Background

Oral finasteride and topical minoxidil are the current standard of care for male androgenetic alopecia and a combination of the two treatments can be considered for greater efficacy. Clinical trials of topical finasteride have also yielded promising results, but routine care data are lacking.

Aims

To examine patient‐reported outcomes of men with androgenetic alopecia who received topical finasteride admixed with minoxidil compared to the current standard of care (oral finasteride).

Methods

Retrospective, cross‐sectional study with data from a German direct‐to‐consumer teledermatology platform between December 2021 and January 2023. Patient‐reported outcomes were collected through voluntary follow‐up questionnaires provided after 6 weeks on topical finasteride/minoxidil or oral finasteride treatment.

Results

A total of 1545 patients who received topical finasteride/minoxidil treatment were included; 238 (15.4%) participated in the follow‐up questionnaire. At week six, 62.2% (148/238) reported positive changes in their hair appearance, and 44.1% (105/238) reported an improvement of self‐esteem. Treatment‐related adverse events were reported in 11.8% (28/238). Full treatment adherence was observed in 74.4% (177/238). Comparing the topical treatment group to those receiving oral finasteride, lower treatment adherence was reported, along with higher rates of local adverse events; no difference was found in the incidence of sexual adverse events.

Conclusion

Based on patient‐reported outcomes, topical finasteride/minoxidil seems to be effective and well tolerated, but not superior to oral finasteride. Lower treatment adherence for topical usage must be considered when considering treatment options. Additional real‐world data are needed to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical finasteride/minoxidil.
Effect of abdominal massage in preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia in patients connected to mechanical ventilators: A systematic review
Authors: Şimşek Hatice , Vural Doğru Birgül , Kaplan Serin Emine
Published: May 2024

Background

Ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the common complications in patients in the intensive care unit. Abdominal massage may prevent the development of VAP by reducing residual gastric volume in enterally fed patients.

Aim

The purpose of this study is to review the literature on randomized controlled and quasi‐experimental studies evaluating the effectiveness of abdominal massage in preventing VAP.

Methods

The PRISMA‐P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols) criteria were taken as the basis for creating the protocol of the systematic review and writing the article. The systematic review was performed using the Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases from December 2023 to January 2024. Studies were selected by determining inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the PICOS method. The studies were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool for quality assessment.

Results

Three randomized controlled and one quasi‐experimental study with a total of 225 participants met the inclusion criteria. The four studies conducted on patients in the intensive care unit showed that abdominal massage reduced VAP. The studies reported no adverse effects of abdominal massage.

Conclusion

Promising evidence was found for the effect of abdominal massage in preventing VAP. However, scientific studies with larger samples, of higher quality, and using randomized controls and blinding methods are needed to evaluate the unknown dimensions of abdominal massage and determine its beneficial effects on patients.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Several non‐pharmacological methods may decrease VAP incidence and mortality. Abdominal massage may decrease VAP incidence and mortality.
Changes in thoracic radio density after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Miki Atsushi , Sakuma Yasunaru , Sanada Yukihiro , Watanabe Jun , Onishi Yasuharu , Okada Noriki , Horiuchi Toshio , Omameuda Takahiko , Teratani Takumi , Lefor Alan K. , Kitayama Joji , Sata Naohiro
Published: May 2024

Background

The outcomes after liver transplantation have greatly improved, which has resulted in greater focus on improving non‐hepatic outcomes of liver transplantation. The present study aimed to evaluate thoracic spine radio density in children and adolescents after liver transplantation.

Methods

A total of 116 patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. The radio density at the eleventh thoracic vertebra was measured using computed tomography scan performed preoperatively then annually for 5 years postoperatively and subsequently every 2 or 3 years.

Results

The mean thoracic radio density of male recipients of male grafts had the lowest values during the study. The radio density of patients receiving a graft from a female donor was higher than in recipients with grafts from males. Total mean radio density decreased for first 5 years postoperatively and then increased. Changes in radio density were equally distributed in both steroid withdrawal and no steroid withdrawal groups for 5 years, after which patients with steroid withdrawal had a greater increase. Changes in radio density were equally distributed in both the steroid withdrawal and no steroid withdrawal groups up to age 20, after which patients in the steroid withdrawal group had a greater increase.

Conclusions

Gender differences may affect the outcome of radio density changes after transplantation. Given the moderate association between thoracic radio density and bone mineral density in skeletally mature adults and further studies are needed to validate this relationship between thoracic radio density and bone mineral density changes in pediatric liver transplantation.
Swedish translation and cultural adaptation of the scored Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA©)—A validated tool for screening and assessing malnutrition in clinical practice and research
Authors: Lindström Rebecca , Orrevall Ylva , Belqaid Kerstin , McGreevy Jenny , Ottenblad Anna , Rothenberg Elisabet , Slinde Frode , Ottery Faith D. , Jager‐Wittenaar Harriët , Einarsson Sandra
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The scored Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA©) is a validated tool for the screening, assessment and monitoring of malnutrition, and triaging of interventions. It contains a patient‐generated component and a healthcare professional (HCP)‐generated component.

Aim

To translate the PG‐SGA into Swedish, assess the linguistic and content validity of the Swedish version, and ensure conceptional, semantic and operational equivalence to the original English PG‐SGA.

Methods

In line with the methodology used in previously translated and culturally adapted versions, the standardised 10‐step process suggested by the International Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) was followed. In step 7, a cross‐sectional study targeting patients n = 51 and HCPs n = 52 was performed at a university hospital in Sweden. Using separate questionnaires, patients assessed the patient component and HCPs, the professional component regarding perceived comprehensibility and difficulty (linguistic validity). The HCPs also assessed perceived relevance (content validity) of all items on the PG‐SGA. Item indices for comprehensibility (I‐CI), difficulty (I‐DI) and content validity (I‐CVI) were calculated and averaged into scale indices (S‐CI, S‐DI and S‐CVI). Cut‐off standards for item and scale indices were used as reference.

Results

The Swedish version of the PG‐SGA rated excellent for comprehensibility (S‐CI 0.96) and difficulty (S‐DI 0.93) for the patient component. The professional component rated acceptable for comprehensibility (S‐CI 0.89) and below acceptable for difficulty (S‐DI 0.70), with the physical examination rated most difficult (I‐DI 0.39 to 0.69). Content validity for the full Swedish PG‐SGA was rated excellent (S‐CVI 0.94).

Conclusion

The patient component was considered clear and easy to complete. The full Swedish PG‐SGA was considered relevant by HCPs for screening and assessment of malnutrition. Due to perceived difficulty with the physical examination, training of Swedish HCPs in using the PG‐SGA is essential before implementing the professional component into clinical practice or research.
Desmantelando Estereótipos: A Prática Interseccional da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Macedo Lima Porto Matheus , De Ávila Flávia
Published: May 2024

Qual é o papel que um tribunal regional de direitos humanos possui no enfrentamento dos estereótipos? Com base nessa indagação, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos tem incorporado, ao longo dos anos, a interseccionalidade enquanto ferramenta teórica e metodológica na construção de suas decisões quando estão postas situações de desigualdade estrutural em que os estereótipos foram decisivos para que direitos fossem violados. O principal argumento apresentado é de que, ao identificar e reconhecer os estereótipos, o tribunal busca desmantelá-los, promovendo justiça como antissubordinação e emancipação.  Em suma, ao desvelar sistemas de poder confluentes que produzem locais sociais de opressão para determinados grupos, a perspectiva interseccional fornece elementos para a produção de decisões comprometidas com a ideia de uma justiça social que só é possível quando não amesquinha nenhum segmento da sociedade.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Estereótipos; Interseccionalidade; Perspectiva de Gênero; Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos.
Saúde Mental e Direitos Humanos: Fragilidades e Provisões Necessárias para o Sistema Interamericano
Authors: Cerqueira Correia Ludmila , Melo Soares Pinto Hilbert
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho, com abordagem indutiva, explora como o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos lida com as exigências concretas para as reformas em saúde mental. Parte-se da hipótese de que esse sistema está obsoleto e precisa de que seja convencionada a não institucionalização de pessoas com deficiência psicossocial. O primeiro tópico confirma a insuficiência e fragilidades do arcabouço de proteção desses sujeitos no âmbito interamericano. O segundo aponta os desafios para a efetividade do direito à saúde mental devido às tendências à institucionalização nos países americanos. Conclui-se que um respaldo normativo mínimo é imprescindível para a compreensão da abordagem não manicomial e a implementação de políticas sérias e efetivas.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos; Damião Ximenes Lopes; Pessoas com Deficiência; Reforma Psiquiátrica.
movimento negro e a luta pela Constituição de 1988
Authors: Corbo Wallace
Published: May 2024

O artigo analisa a atuação do movimento negro brasileiro no processo de formação e transformação da Constituição de 1988, desde sua elaboração pela Assembleia Nacional Constituinte, passando pela sua concretização nas esferas políticas e jurídicas. A discussão em torno das ações afirmativas é utilizada para demonstrar que desde 1986 o movimento negro vem articulando a reivindicação pela constitucionalização de direitos específicos em defesa de pessoas negras, seja formalmente pela sua inclusão no texto constitucional, seja pela via infraconstitucional ou interpretativa. Para compreender essa atuação, aplica-se ao caso o conceito de luta pela constituição, compreendido como o processo pelo qual grupos sociais buscam, em diferentes espaços, cristalizar seu pertencimento à comunidade constitucional e consagrar suas reivindicações como direitos fundamentais. Ao final, conclui-se que a atuação do movimento negro desde a década de 1980 permitiu-lhe somar uma série de estratégias que viabiliza a realização de diferentes formas de lutar pela constituição de 1988 nas ruas, na política institucional e perante as instâncias judiciais.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: movimentos sociais; luta pela constituição; jurisdição constitucional; ações afirmativas; racismo; movimento negro
‘Theresa’ To The Rescue! African American Women's Resistance and the Literary History of the Haitian Revolution
Authors: L. Daut Marlene , Lima da Silva Fernanda
Published: May 2024

O texto a seguir compõe o sexto capítulo do livro Trópicos do Haiti: Raça e a história literária da Revolução Haitiana no Mundo Atlântico, 1789-1865, ainda sem tradução para o português. Nele, a autora reflete sobre a distribuição generificada de papeis na memória e nos registros literários sobre a Revolução Haitiana nas décadas que a seguiram. Para tanto, ela analisa o “Theresa, um conto haytiano”, assinado apenas como “S.” e veiculado no jornal afroamericano, Freedom's Journal. Neste dossiê, buscamos incitar as/os leitoras/es sobre a generificação do sujeito constitucional a partir das considerações feitas pela autora sobre dito conto e suas repercussões entre a comunidade de leitores da época mas também entre os críticos contemporâneos.
Palavras-Chave: Revolução Haitiana; Literatura haitiana; Theresa, um conto haytiano; Raça
[RETRATAÇÃO TOTAL] O Princípio da Proibição de Retrocesso Social no Atual Marco Jurídico-Constitucional Brasileiro
Authors: Executivo Comitê , Ferreira de Carvalho Osvaldo , Romeiro Costa Eliane
Published: May 2024

O artigo, inicialmente, procura registrar a necessidade de um tratamento sistêmico dos direitos fundamentais ao superar a visão dicotômica entre os direitos de liberdade (individuais) e os direitos sociais. Além disso, o artigo devota-se a examinar a existência do princípio constitucional da proibição de retrocesso social, ao ter por finalidade a promoção da justiça social, mediante a vedação da supressão, pela ação do legislador, da regulamentação legal de direitos fundamentais sociais sem que haja, ao menos, o estabelecimento de disciplina substitutiva ou compensatória, ou, ainda, por meio da proibição de redução arbitrária do nível de concretização legislativa de tal categoria de direitos fundamentais.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Estado constitucional; direitos fundamentais; direitos sociais; princípio da proibição de retrocesso social.
Um Estudo Exploratório Sobre o Método Quantitativo em Casos de Abuso Sexual Infanto-Juvenil
Authors: De Lima Villarroel Camila Maria , Severi Fabiana Cristina
Published: May 2024

A pesquisa busca analisar a (in)acessibilidade à justiça para crianças e adolescente vítimas do abuso sexual infanto-juvenil no Poder Judiciário. O trabalho buscará investigar o perfil das respostas judiciais nas comarcas do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo sobre abuso sexual infanto-juvenil entre 2010 e 2020 e o impacto do acesso à justiça para essas respostas.  Para isso, determinamos como objetivo geral a análise, a partir de modelos de acesso à justiça, dos resultados obtidos por meio do estudo estatístico das variáveis indicadas pela literatura como importantes para entender o abuso sexual infanto-juvenil. Foi adotada a metodologia empírica pela análise centrada no estudo de variáveis a ser realizado por meio de regressão estatística em três etapas: apresentação do marco normativo e teórico, formulação do mapa conceitual e análise jurimétrica. Como resultado verificamos que a média de condenações é impactada em maior grau, ainda que de forma não significante estatisticamente, pela fase de desenvolvimento criança, gênero feminino em casos intrafamiliares. O grau de urbanização e o número de serviços especializados não indicaram impacto relevante para entender a média de condenações das comarcas. A conclusão do estudo indica a necessidade de implementação de atendimento especializados para crianças e adolescentes nas comarcas do interior com expertise para lidar com vítimas crianças do gênero feminino, além da necessidade do entendimento crítico não departamentalizado sobre o abuso sexual infanto-juvenil pela predominância de casos intrafamiliares.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Abuso Sexual; Crianças e Adolescentes; Acesso à Justiça; Jurimetria
Os Engenhos de Açúcar como Territórios de Autonomia Jurídica (1889-1930):
Authors: Mansur João Paulo
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho investiga a ordem doméstica dos engenhos de açúcar da Primeira República brasileira. Romances de José Lins do Rego são a principal fonte de época utilizada, embora sejam cotejados, entre outros, com iconografias, doutrinas jurídicas, tratados sociais e políticos, legislações e obras de oeconomia. Duas razões metodológicas influenciaram a decisão de buscar em textos literários uma história jurídica da ordem doméstica dos engenhos. Primeiramente, a expropriação de poderes autônomos operacionalizada pelo legalismo moderno cassou a legitimidade de experiências jurídicas não estatais. Por isso, quando fontes estatais ou doutrinárias retratavam a ordem doméstica dos engenhos, normalmente, partiam do pressuposto de sua ilegalidade, o que omitia ou obscurecia muitas de suas características. Além disso, a literatura de Rego, que viveu no engenho de seu avô, possui uma característica memorialística marcante, capaz de revelar especificidades de um ordenamento jurídico bastante intimista. Conclui-se que os engenhos, além de empreendimentos mercantis, eram locais em que a vida social de centenas ou, às vezes, milhares de pessoas, se passava cotidianamente. Regras costumeiras regulamentavam a convivência de maneira relativamente autônoma em relação à ordem jurídica estatal. Ao senhor do engenho, uma espécie de pater familias daquela comunidade, incumbia a tarefa de administrar a justiça entre os moradores, impedindo a vingança privada dentro das terras do engenho. Embora, frequentemente, o fizesse de modo arbitrário, o senhor se vinculava aos costumes domésticos, que limitavam o seu mandonismo, atribuíam protagonismo aos moradores na criação do direito e resguardavam valores importantes para a comunidade.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pluralismo jurídico; Ordem doméstica; Patriarcalismo; Literatura regionalista; História do direito.
(DE)Colonialidade Digital e a Airbnbinificação das Cidades
Authors: Gonçalves da Silva Lucas , Felix Nascimento Reginaldo
Published: May 2024

: O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a influência do Airbnb nas cidades, explorando seus aspectos legais e sociais à luz do pensamento decolonial. Especificamente, busca-se identificar como o Airbnb contribui para a intensificação das desigualdades sociais caracterizadas pela colonialidade, as quais são promovidas pelo Direito de Propriedade e prejudicam populações de baixa renda. Adicionalmente, pretende-se diagnosticar como as discussões relacionadas ao Airbnb estão embasadas na Constituição Federal e propor soluções jurídicas alinhadas ao pensamento decolonial para enfrentar os desafios decorrentes da atuação do Airbnb nas cidades. O método utilizado é o hipotético-dedutivo, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem temática histórico-evolutiva e dogmática, utilizando recursos bibliográficos e documentais. Em conclusão, a airbnbficação das cidades representa um risco para as populações mais pobres e para o uso comum dos espaços urbanos.
 
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Airbnbficação das Cidades; Solidariedade e Alteridade; Direito à Cidade e Novas Tecnologias; Decolonialidade Digital; Locação e Airbnb
El Deber De Cuidado. Cosas Y Personas Abandonadas En El Léxico Constitucional Y En Las Prácticas De Justicia Del Antiguo Régimen
Authors: Buono Alessandro
Published: May 2024

Basándose en un análisis de las fuentes normativas y los procedimientos judiciales de la Monarquía Española del Antiguo Régimen, este artículo propone una interpretación paralela de la gestión de cosas y personas abandonadas, partiendo de un principio fundamental que parece ser compartido en esta sociedad europea organizada bajo un principio corporativo: cada relación social conlleva una responsabilidad, entendida como el deber de responder ante algo o alguien, asumir la responsabilidad y cuidar cosas y personas. Desde esta ideología constitucional, en la que todo padre, dueño o administrador tenía la obligación de cuidar de sus posesiones y familiares, el soberano ‘supremo administrador y tutor’ podía reclamar una tutela universal sobre todas las personas y cosas dentro de su reino, asegurando que nadie quedara solo, aislado o estéril, y legitimando así su intervención como garante de la protección y reproducción del orden.
 
PALABRAS LLAVE: Soberano tutor, responsabilidad, cuidado, cosas y personas abandonadas.
¿Cómo Pensar La Tierra Y La Propiedad Más Allá De Las Dicotomías?: Palabras, Cuerpos Y Espíritus En El Mundo Ibérico (1500-1800)
Authors: Bastias Saavedra Manuel
Published: May 2024

Este artículo busca un lenguaje diferente, para repensar el problema del acceso a la tierra. En primer lugar, presentaré cómo el estudio de la tierra y la propiedad en el mundo ibérico ha solido recurrir a diferentes tipos de dicotomías. Las tres secciones que siguen pretenden presentar un marco referencial diferente, que intenta reorientar las formas de entender el acceso y la distribución de la tierra, pensando la regulación y las normas a partir de las palabras, los cuerpos y los espíritus. Esto significa, respectivamente, a) centrarse en cómo se nombran las diferentes instituciones o tierras en las fuentes y destacar tanto su lugar en el marco imperial como su especificidad local; b) destacar la estructura corporativa, las jerarquías y las posiciones sociales que determinaban el acceso a la tierra; y, por último, c) tomar en serio las diferentes agencias espirituales y no-humanas que se consideraban relevantes para las formas en que las diferentes poblaciones podían habitar o utilizar la tierra. En última instancia, se busca remecer los marcos de referencia y generar nuevas asociaciones que guíen la investigación sobre tierra y propiedad en el mundo ibérico.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Tierra; Propiedad; Derecho; Mundo Ibérico; América Latina.
Entre História e Dogmática: Como Pensar a Articulação entre Terra e Direito?
Authors: Saavedra Manuel Bastias , De Freitas Macedo Camila , Limão Papa Sarah
Published: May 2024

Frequentemente, a divisão romana entre direito público e direito privado é projetada em todos os períodos estudados na historiografia jurídica, desde o período colonial até a atualidade. Porém, essa distinção pode dificultar o estudo sobre as relações jurídicas com a terra, não só pela complexidade dessas relações, mas também porque essa divisão nem sempre é adequada para descrever o direito relativo a períodos anteriores ao século XIX, ou inclusive posteriores. A historiografia do direito europeu vem destacando a importância do trabalho de interpretação e manipulação dos textos romanos efetuado pelos juristas medievais. Essa constatação permite enfatizar a historicidade das instituições do direito, que não consistem em categorias fechadas e imaculadas, mas sim em percepções coletivas modificadas e remoldadas ao longo do tempo. É este o caso da noção de propriedade, assim como o de outras noções similares relativas aos direitos reais. No estudo da história dessas relações, é importante evitar a idealização da noção de propriedade, compreendendo, pelo contrário, que os desdobramentos desse conceito a partir do século XVI são resultado de uma experiencia compartilhada em diferentes latitudes. Um olhar atento às diversas dimensões que as relações humanas com a terra englobam permite ver, para além da propriedade, um espaço normativo onde o “público” e o “privado” se confundem. Este dossiê contém trabalhos que aprofundam nessa problematização, apontando novas possibilidades para o estudo jurídico da terra.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: terras, propriedade, história do direito, público, privado
Markoff–Lagrange spectrum of one‐sided shifts
Authors: Kaneko Hajime , Steiner Wolfgang
Published: May 2024

For the Lagrange spectrum and other applications, we determine the smallest accumulation point of binary sequences that are maximal in their shift orbits. This problem is trivial for the lexicographic order, and its solution is the fixed point of a substitution for the alternating lexicographic order. For orders defined by cylinders, we show that the solutions are ‐adic sequences, where is a certain infinite set of substitutions that contains Sturmian morphisms. We also consider a similar problem for symmetric ternary shifts, which is applicable to the multiplicative version of the Markoff–Lagrange spectrum.
Large deviations of the argument of the Riemann zeta function
Authors: Dobner Alexander
Published: May 2024

Let . We prove an unconditional lower bound on the measure of the sets for . For , our bound has a Gaussian shape with variance proportional to . At the endpoint, , our result implies the best known ‐theorem for that is due to Tsang. We also explain how the method breaks down for given our current knowledge about the zeros of the zeta function. Conditionally on the Riemann hypothesis, we extend our results to the range .
Development and Perspective of Gold and Silver Jewelry Imports to Slovakia Considering the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tirpáková Anna , Vojteková Jana , Opálená Iveta , Petrovič František , Repaská Gabriela , Vojtek Matej
Published: May 2024

This study focuses on gold and silver jewelry import to Slovakia between the years 2010–2022 for hallmarking according to the country of origin. The aim of the research was to analyze and predict the import of gold and silver jewelry to Slovakia using statistical methods, namely the correlation coefficient and time series analysis. Using the correlation coefficient, we determined the relationship or degree of relation between selected countries of origin based on the amount of gold and silver jewelry (in kg) imported to Slovakia for hallmarking. We obtained an estimate of the future development trend of gold and silver imports into the domestic market from abroad using the time series method, particularly regression analysis and Holt-Winterson methods. It was found that the import of gold jewelry to Slovakia from the studied countries has an upward trend and, conversely, the import of silver jewelry has a downward trend.
Adaptive Functional Electrical Stimulation Delivers Stimulation Amplitudes Based on Real-Time Gait Biomechanics
Authors: Donlin Margo C. , Higginson Jill S.
Published: May 2024

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is often used in poststroke gait rehabilitation to decrease foot drop and increase forward propulsion. However, not all stroke survivors experience clinically meaningful improvements in gait function following training with FES. The purpose of this work was to develop and validate a novel adaptive FES (AFES) system to improve dorsiflexor (DF) and plantarflexor (PF) stimulation timing and iteratively adjust the stimulation amplitude at each stride based on measured gait biomechanics. Stimulation timing was determined by a series of bilateral footswitches. Stimulation amplitude was calculated based on measured dorsiflexion angle and peak propulsive force, where increased foot drop and decreased paretic propulsion resulted in increased stimulation amplitudes. Ten individuals with chronic poststroke hemiparesis walked on an adaptive treadmill with adaptive FES for three 2-min trials. Stimulation was delivered at the correct time to the dorsiflexor muscles during 95% of strides while stimulation was delivered to the plantarflexor muscles at the correct time during 84% of strides. Stimulation amplitudes were correctly calculated and delivered for all except two strides out of nearly 3000. The adaptive FES system responds to real-time gait biomechanics as intended, and further individualization to subject-specific impairments and rehabilitation goals may lead to improved rehabilitation outcomes.
HAXPES reference spectra of In, Sn, and ITO with Cr Kα excitation
Authors: Zheng Dong , Young Christopher N. , Stickle William F.
Published: May 2024

Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using monochromatic Cr Kα radiation (5414.8 eV) has been used to acquire XPS and Auger data on sputtered In, Sn, and ITO samples. Survey data, high-resolution scans of all observed photoelectron peaks, and high-resolution scans of Auger lines are presented herein.
An adaptive frequency-hopping detection for slowly-varying fading dispersive channels
Authors: Cui Yonglin , Liao Shuhan , Wang Lei , Gao Jiaqi , Chu Xu , Luo An
Published: May 2024

Frequency hopping (FH) signals have been widely used to improve performance against frequency selective fading phenomenon of underwater channels. However, the channel is slowly varying in regard to changes in weather conditions, and thus the conventional FH detection transmitting signals with fixed frequency cannot guarantee good detection performance in the dynamic underwater environment. To overcome the performance degradation in slowly-varying fading dispersive channels, this paper proposes an adaptive frequency-hopping (AFH) target detection method. Compared with conventional FH detection methods, the AFH can adaptively select the optimal detection frequency based on premeasured background noise and channel frequency response measured from previous experiments. Numerical simulations and lake trials are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the AFH. The simulation results show that the AFH has better detection performance than the conventional FH. The lake trial results have also verified the validity and feasibility of AFH. Importantly, AFH also achieves a better output signal-to-noise ratio under actual noise interference.
A coherent integration method of an active sonar for maneuvering turning target detection
Authors: Hou Kaiyang , Sun Dajun , Teng Tingting , Hu Junjie
Published: May 2024

The detection probability of underwater weak targets using active sonar is low, and inter-pulse coherent integration can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of echoes. When a target executes a maneuvering turn, complex range and Doppler frequency migrations occur during the coherent integration time that decrease the coherent integration gain. Most existing integration methods simplify the target motion to a finite-order polynomial model but fail to integrate a maneuvering turning target (MTT) due to model mismatch. Hence, this study proposes an underwater MTT integration method based on the modified Radon-Fourier transform. The proposed method constructs a theoretically accurate motion model for the MTT and a phase compensation function to compensate for the Doppler frequency migration. Furthermore, it yields a well-focused integration peak in the range-velocity and offset angle-turn rate dimensions and accurately estimates the target motion parameters. Moreover, the proposed method is suitable for targets with radial and oblique uniform motions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulations and a lake test. The proposed method demonstrates good integration performance, with an integration gain approximately 4–7 dB higher than that of traditional methods when using 30 integration pulses.
Cleanup on IL-2
Authors: Baek Amy E.
Published: May 2024

Prostaglandins in the tumor microenvironment block IL-2–induced expansion of killer T cells.
Analysis of clinical
Candida parapsilosis
isolates reveals copy number variation in key fluconazole resistance genes
Authors: Bergin Sean , Doorley Laura A. , Rybak Jeffrey M. , Wolfe Kenneth H. , Butler Geraldine , Cuomo Christina A. , Rogers P. David
Published: May 2024

We used whole-genome sequencing to analyze a collection of 35 fluconazole-resistant and 7 susceptible
Candida parapsilosis
isolates together with coverage analysis and GWAS techniques to identify new mechanisms of fluconazole resistance. Phylogenetic analysis shows that although the collection is diverse, two persistent clinical lineages were identified. We identified copy number variation (CNV) of two genes,
ERG11
and
CDR1B
, in resistant isolates. Two strains have a CNV at the
ERG11
locus; the entire ORF is amplified in one, and only the promoter region is amplified in the other. We show that the annotated telomeric gene
CDR1B
is actually an artifactual
in silico
fusion of two highly similar neighboring
CDR
genes due to an assembly error in the
C. parapsilosis
CDC317 reference genome. We report highly variable copy numbers of the
CDR1B
region across the collection. Several strains have increased the expansion of the two genes into a tandem array of new chimeric genes. Other strains have experienced a deletion between the two genes creating a single gene with a reciprocal chimerism. We find translocations, duplications, and gene conversion across the
CDR
gene family in the
C. parapsilosis
species complex, showing that it is a highly dynamic family.
In a state of flux: new insight into the transport processes that maintain bacterial metal homeostasis
Authors: Kwiatos Natalia , Waldron Kevin J.
Published: May 2024

A new study by Nies et al. (J Bacteriol 206:e00080-24, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00080-24
) provides a rich, quantitative data set of zinc accumulation by cells of
Cupriavidus metallidurans
, including of mutant bacterial strains lacking import or efflux genes, and comparison of zinc accumulation by cells previously starved of metal with those of zinc-replete cells. The data surprisingly demonstrate the concomitant activity of both active metal import and metal efflux systems. They present a flow equilibrium model to describe zinc homeostasis in bacteria.
Characterization of virus‒host recombinant variants of the hepatitis E virus
Authors: Paronetto Olivia , Allioux Claire , Diméglio Chloé , Lobjois Lhorane , Jeanne Nicolas , Ranger Noémie , Boineau Jérôme , Pucelle Mélanie , Demmou Sofia , Abravanel Florence , Chapuy-Regaud Sabine , Izopet Jacques , Lhomme Sébastien
Published: May 2024

Hepatitis E virus is a single-strand, positive-sense RNA virus that can lead to chronic infection in immunocompromised patients. Virus–host recombinant variants (VHRVs) have been described in such patients. These variants integrate part of human genes into the polyproline-rich region that could introduce new post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as ubiquitination. The aim of this study was to characterize the replication capacity of different VHRVs, namely, RNF19A, ZNF787, KIF1B, EEF1A1, RNA18, RPS17, and RPL6. We used a plasmid encoding the Kernow strain, in which the fragment encoding the S17 insertion was deleted (Kernow p6 delS17) or replaced by fragments encoding the different insertions. The HEV RNA concentrations in the supernatants and the HepG2/C3A cell lysates were determined via RT-qPCR. The capsid protein ORF2 was immunostained. The effect of ribavirin was also assessed. The HEV RNA concentrations in the supernatants and the cell lysates were higher for the variants harboring the RNF19A, ZNF787, KIF1B, RPS17, and EEF1A1 insertions than for the Kernow p6 del S17, while it was not with RNA18 or RPL6 fragments. The number of ORF2 foci was higher for RNF19A, ZNF787, KIF1B, and RPS17 than for Kernow p6 del S17. VHRVs with replicative advantages were less sensitive to the antiviral effect of ribavirin. No difference in PTMs was found between VHRVs with a replicative advantage and those without. In conclusion, our study showed that insertions did not systematically confer a replicative advantage
in vitro
. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms underlying the differences in replicative capacity.

IMPORTANCE

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of viral hepatitis. HEV can lead to chronic infection in immunocompromised patients. Ribavirin treatment is currently used to treat such chronic infections. Recently, seven virus–host recombinant viruses were characterized in immunocompromised patients. These viruses have incorporated a portion of a human gene fragment into their genome. We studied the consequences of these insertions on the replication capacity. We found that these inserted fragments could enhance virus replication for five of the seven recombinant variants. We also showed that the recombinant variants with replicative advantages were less sensitive to ribavirin
in vitro
. Finally, we found that the mechanisms leading to such a replicative advantage do not seem to rely on the post-translational modifications introduced by the human gene fragment that could have modified the function of the viral protein. The mechanisms involved in improving the replication of such recombinant viruses remain to be explored.
Stratigraphic and U-Pb zircon age constraints on the timing of the Yanliao Biota in northern China
Authors: Zou Zu-Yang , Ma Qiang , Xu Yi-Gang , Liu Liang , Xia Xiao-Ping , Yang Chuan-Mao
Published: May 2024

The Yanliao Biota from northern China is one of the most famous Mesozoic terrestrial lagerstätten in the world, with well-preserved fossil records in the Jurassic volcanic-sedimentary Ningcheng and Jianchang basins. However, the temporal evolution of the Yanliao Biota remains controversial, mainly due to the confusing stratigraphic framework and the unclear age of fossiliferous deposits in the Ningcheng basin. To address this issue, we carried out detailed field investigations and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U-Pb age dating of zircons on fossiliferous and related strata in the southern part of the Ningcheng basin. The Jurassic infill of this area is composed of, in ascending order, fossil-bearing tuffaceous clastic rocks (unit 1), andesite and pyroclastic rocks (unit 2), fossil-bearing clastic rocks interlayered with minor volcanic rocks (unit 3), and andesite and pyroclastic rocks (unit 4). Integration of stratigraphic and geochronological data indicates that the Yanliao Biota in the Ningcheng basin appeared no later than ca. 163 Ma and lasted until ca. 156 Ma. A comparison with other analogous basins in northern China (e.g., the Luanping, Jianchang, and Beipiao basins) leads to the conclusion that the Yanliao Biota evolved in two phases and lasted for more than 11 m.y.: the first phase from ca. 167 Ma to ca. 163 Ma in the middle Bathonian to middle Callovian, followed by the second phase between ca. 161 Ma and ca. 156 Ma in the lower and middle Oxfordian.