bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of %FIMA on Storage-Safety Parameters of Spent Fuel from Experimental Pebble-Bed Reactor
Authors: Aisyah Aisyah , Mirawaty Mirawaty , Saputra Dwi Luhur Ibnu , Setiawan Risdiyana , Artian Pungky Ayu , Ratiko Ratiko , Nasruddin Nasruddin
Published: March 2021

The back end of the utilization of nuclear technology is safety and management of spent fuel, which is a key element contributing to the success of the nuclear power plant program. Indonesia’s National Nuclear Energy Agency resolved to establish an experimental power reactor, called RDE, as a nuclear power plant demo. The fuel of this reactor is similar to that of German’s experimental pebble-bed reactor (PBR), Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor(AVR). In this study, the spent fuel of AVR was studied to obtain the safety parameter data for storage of RDE spent fuel by varying the fission in the initial metallic atoms (%FIMA). These parameters that must be studied include the radioactivity, decay heat, proliferation threats of both 239Pu and 235U, and the presence of 137Cs, a dangerous fission product that can escape from damaged spent fuels. The calculation was conducted by ORIGEN 2.1. The result of the study demonstrates a higher %FIMA indicates a higher safety level that is required since the activity and decay heat of the spent fuel will increase and, as will be the total amounts of 239Pu and 137Cs. However, the 235U amount will decrease. For a 100 years storage of spent fuel, the optimum %FIMA is 8.2 with a canister capacity of 1,900 pebbles. Further, the activity and decay heat of the spent nuclear fuel are 2.013 × 1013 Bq and 6.065 W, respectively. The activities of 239Pu, 137Cs, and 235U are 5.187 ×1011, 7.100 × 1012, and 7.339 × 107 Bq, respectively.
Acoustic Properties of Lightweight Foamed Concrete with Eggshell Waste as Partial Cement Replacement Material
Authors: Lim Siong Kang , Foo Kar Poh , Lee Foo Wei , Tiong Hock Yong , Lee Yee Ling , Lim Jee Hock , King Yeong Jin
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, almost every industry needs to undergo green and sustainable industrial revolution due to pollutions like waste dumping and noise that deteriorating the environment. Therefore, feasibility study on application of eggshell waste as partial cement replacement in lightweight foamed concrete was conducted by aiming to solve environmental and acoustical issues, i.e. reduce eggshell waste and improve acoustic properties. In this study, compressive strength and acoustic properties of 1300 kg m-3 lightweight foamed concrete with and without 5% eggshell powder as partial cement replacement material were tested. Optimal water to cement ratio of 0.6 was obtained for acoustic properties test by comparing compressive strength result. The result shows that application eggshell powder has generally reduced 7 days compressive strength but improved 28 days compressive strength, and either improve or maintain acoustics properties, in which lightweight foamed concrete that containing eggshell powder has improved noise reduction coefficient at testing ages of 7, 28, and 90 days and improved sound transmission class at testing age of 56 and 90 days. Based on these results, 5% of eggshell powder is feasible to be incorporated into lightweight foamed concrete as partial cement replacement material for sound insulation and strength development purposes.
On Diameter of Subgraphs of Commuting Graph in Symplectic Group for Elements of Order Three
Authors: Mohd Kasim Suzila , Nawawi Athirah
Published: March 2021

Suppose G be a finite group and X be a subset of G. The commuting graph, denoted by C(G,X), is a simple undirected graph, where X ⊂G being the set of vertex and two distinct vertices x,y∈X are joined by an edge if and only if xy = yx. The aim of this paper was to describe the structure of disconnected commuting graph by considering a symplectic group and a conjugacy class of elements of order three. The main work was to discover the disc structure and the diameter of the subgraph as well as the suborbits of symplectic groups S4(2)', S4(3) and S6(2). Additionally, two mathematical formulas are derived and proved, one gives the number of subgraphs based on the size of each subgraph and the size of the conjugacy class, whilst the other one gives the size of disc relying on the number and size of suborbits in each disc.
Influence of B16/F10 melanoma growth variant on calcium levels in mitochondria in various organs of female mice
Authors: Kit O. I. , Frantsiyants E. M. , Neskubina I. V. , Surikova E. I. , Kaplieva I. V. , Bandovkina V. A.
Published: March 2021

Purpose of the study. To analyze the calcium levels in mitochondria of cells in different organs in standard and stimulated growth of experimental В16/F10 melanoma. Materials and Methods. The study included female С57ВL/6 mice (n=168). Experimental groups: intact group (n=21), group with a model of chronic neurogenic pain (CNP) (n=21), group M – B16/F10 melanoma (n=63), group M+CNP – mice (n=63) with transplantation of B16/F10 melanoma 3 weeks after CNP model creation. The concentration of calcium in mitochondrial samples was determined by a biochemical method (Abris+, Russia). Results were statistically analyzed using the Statistica 10.0 program. Results. CNP decreased calcium levels in mitochondria of cells in the brain by 1.4 (р=0.00153) times, liver by 2.6 times and heart by 3.2 times and increased the levels in the skin by 97.1 times. In standard growth of experimental melanoma, levels of calcium in cell mitochondria in most of the studied organs increased at the initial stage of the melanoma growth, and decreased to intact values and lower by the terminal stage. In the mitochondria of tumor cells, calcium levels were stably high at all stages of standard tumor growth. At the initial stage of CNP‑stimulated tumor growth, a decrease in calcium in the mitochondria of the skin by 5.7 times and its accumulation in the mitochondria of the brain by 6.6 times, heart, and kidneys were recorded by 1.5 times. At the terminal stage of stimulated melanoma growth, extremely low calcium values were recorded in the mitochondria of all organs. A stably low level of calcium was registered in the mitochondria of tumor cells at all stages of stimulated melanoma growth. Conclusions. The growth of experimental B16/F10 melanoma in female mice is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction affecting most organs. Stimulation of the growth of experimental melanoma with chronic neurogenic pain, unlike the standard growth variant, changes accumulation of calcium in the mitochondria of cells both in organs and in the tumor itself. The chronic pain syndrome accompanying a malignant process can influence its course with the involvement of mitochondria and the modification of their functions.
Comparative characteristics of the well-healing xerogel effect based on the neutral hydrozol of titanium dioxide for burner therapy
Authors: Dudanov I. P. , Vinogradov V. V. , Сhrishtop V. V. , Nikonorova V. G.
Published: March 2021

Purpose of the study. In order to create the basis for prospective wound coatings the wound healing effect of xerogel based on neutral hydrosol of titanium dioxide was studied. Materials and methods. After modeling the Wistar outbred runoff in 40 male rats, the wound defect on the skin of the intertropatular region was closed with a bandage. The animals were divided into four groups: Four groups: a control group, (10 rats) in which no drugs were applied to the burn surface; 2 – the group of the comparison preparation, 10 males to whom after the modeling of the burn on the wound surface was applied daily the preparation of comparison argosulfan 3 – experimental group № 1, included 10 males to whom after the modeling of the burn on the wound surface was applied daily the xerogel, in a dose of 0.1 ml/100 g of animal body weight, 4 – experimental group № 2, included 10 males, who after modeling the pathology were daily copied on the wound surface, in a dose of 0.2 ml/100 g of animal body weight. Results. The complex of morphofunctional changes in experimental groups included changes in the epidermis – restoration of a more complete epidermal layer with skin appendages. Probably, it is provided not only by direct stimulation of cell proliferation of basal and studded layers, but also by other mechanisms, as indicated by the nuclear cytoplasmic ratio. In the connective tissue base of the wound effect of experimental groups it was noted the formation of a more extensive network of blood vessels of the hemomicrocirculatory channel and a decrease in the signs of venous hyperemia. Conclusions. Thus, the effective dose of xerogel is 2 ml/kg. The revealed complex of local morphofunctional rearrangements allows the xerogel to be used in diseases and conditions characterized by the disturbance of the skin integrity, including a burn lesion.
Combined treatment of an infected paraurethral cyst
Authors: Kostin A. A. , Shaplygin L. V. , Kulchenkо N. G. , Mansur A.
Published: March 2021

Paraurethral cysts develop on the site of the paraurethral glands (Skin glands), and are a fairly rare pathology in women. The clinical course of paraurethral cysts is often asymptomatic. However, with an increase in the size of the cyst, women have complaints of frequent urination, dyspareunia, painful sensations in the perineum. Persistent microflora contributes to the aggravation of symptoms, up to the formation of an abscess. With inflammation of the paraurethral cyst, there is still no clear treatment algorithm. In this article, we present an observation of a 29‑year‑old woman with signs of an infected paraurethral cyst. We believe that the administration of antimicrobial drugs to women with signs of skinitis in combination with lower urinary tract infection is necessary for the purpose of preoperative preparation. Surgical treatment of an infected paraurethral cyst consisted of opening the abscess, followed by laser ablation of the inner surface of the cyst capsule. In the postoperative period, the patient also received antimicrobial therapy. We did not detect a recurrence of the paraurethral cyst, observing the patient for 1 year. Conclusion. Combined treatment (a combination of medical and surgical treatment) of an infected paraurethral cyst demonstrates high efficiency.
Supply of hospitals’ navigation system accessibility for various population groups from the perspective of lean production
Authors: Kurmangulov A. A. , Mazunina S. D. , Reshetnikova Yu. S. , Brynza N. S.
Published: March 2021

The review is devoted to the analysis of the capabilities of modern navigation systems of healthcare facilities to supply an acceptable level of accessibility to the perception of navigation information for various categories of citizens. The hospitals’ navigation system is considered to be the most important part of the visualization system and one of the basic criteria for the quality of the space of health facilities when forming a new model of a medical organization providing primary health care in the framework of the federal project «Development of a primary health care system» of the national project «Healthcare». From the viewpoint of the management concept of lean production, the hospitals navigation system should be aimed at the complete elimination or reduction of unnecessary movements of visitors, as well as other types of basic and additional losses. The accumulated experience in implementing projects with the implementation of the concept of lean production in outpatient medical institutions of the Russian Federation suggests that a rationally designed and deployed navigation system can be an effective tool for visualization in a lean production methodology. Structural and technological solutions of an effective hospitals navigation system introducing the concept of lean production should take into account the possibility of perceiving navigation information by all population groups, including people with limited mobility: people with disabilities, people with disabilities, people with prams, etc. Technical means of informing, orienting and signaling for people with limited mobility is a complex of various technical means for providing visual, tactile, sound information, orientation in space. In addition, they indicate possible directions of movement and places of receipt of services that contribute to the accessibility, safety, information content and comfort of the healthcare facility. Modern hospitals must meet the requirements of ensuring accessibility and safety for people with disabilities and other people with limited mobility due to the implementation of a complex of architectural and planning, engineering, ergonomic, structural and organizational measures of the state program «Accessible Environment». The navigation system can be a key tool for these activities.
Use of Computerized Insulin Dose Adjustment Algorithms to Facilitate Adjusting Insulin Doses by Primary Care Providers
Authors: Davidson Mayer , Davidson S.
Published: March 2021

Insulin use is challenging for both primary care providers (PCPs) and patients. For PCPs, a major challenge is time constraints, and for many, inexperience. For patients, it is providing enough fingerstick glucose readings for insulin dose adjustments to be made. The first author has developed algorithms for adjusting insulin doses based on the following principles. Depending on when injected, each component of the insulin regimen has a maximal effect on a specific period of the 24-hour cycle, e.g., overnight, morning, afternoon, evening. The glucose pattern in that period determines whether the dose of that component of the insulin regimen requires adjusting or not. There needs to be enough glucose readings in a period that reflects a patient’s current lifestyle for a decision to be made about that component of the insulin regimen that maximally affects that period. A registered nurse using these algorithms at clinic visits lowered HbA1c levels in 111 poorly controlled insulin-requiring patients from 11.0% to 7.2% within 9-12 months. When computerized, these FDA-cleared algorithms produce a report within 15 seconds after glucose meters are downloaded with recommendations for insulin dose adjustments that the PCP can modify or accept. In a pilot project utilizing these computerized algorithms in poorly controlled insulin-requiring patients who performed remote glucose monitoring, baseline HbA1c levels decreased from 10.0% to 8.1% in 3 months and to 7.6% in 6 months without any clinic visits for adjustment of insulin doses. In a proof-of-concept project utilizing these computerized algorithms in poorly controlled insulin-requiring patients using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), baseline HbA1c levels decreased from 11.5% to 8.3% over a mean of 3 months. Computerized insulin dose adjustment algorithms and CGM meet both the PCP and patient challenges. These innovations should be strongly considered to effectively decrease HbA1c levels, especially in poorly controlled patients.
Bone metastases in lung cancer
Authors: Bocchi Maria , Cianni Luigi , Greco Tommaso , Maccauro Giulio , Perisano Carlo
Published: March 2021

As lung cancer is the most common neoplasm worldwide, bone is one of the most metastatic sites of advanced malignant tumors in general. Nearly 50% of patients with advanced lung cancer develop bone metastases. A literature review on this matter was performed. As in recent years the life expectancy of patients with lung cancer increased, symptoms control measures are gaining importance. The early detection of bone metastases is crucial due to prevent skeletal-related events (SREs). The bone metastases management should be discussed in a multidisciplinary setting given the numerous therapeutic options. Treatment is either pharmacological (analgesics, diphosphonates, monoclonal antibodies), non-pharmacological (radiotherapy, interventional radiological techniques, surgery) or even a combination of both. Orthopedic surgery shall be assessed in case of pathological/impending fractures. The orthopedic surgeon challenge is indeed to detect those patients who will take advantage from surgery given the substantial risk of complications. Treatment goal should be to obtain SREs prevention and control to guarantee patients a decent QoL. Unfortunately, bone metastases in lung cancer are still poor prognosis indicator.
Special Education Math Interventions
Authors: Nelson Gena
Published: March 2021

The purpose of document is to provide readers with the coding protocol that authors
used to code 22 mathematics intervention meta-analyses focused on participants with or
at-risk of disabilities. The author drafted this coding protocol based on the meta-analysis
quality indicators recommended by Talbott et al. (2018, pp. 248–249); specifically, the
author considered the variables presented in Table 1 of Talbott et al. and supplemented
the information so that the variables and definitions were specific to the purpose of this
systematic review. We coded each meta-analysis for 53 variables across eight categories,
including: Quality of Clear Research Questions, Quality of Eligibility Criteria, Quality
of Search Procedures, Quality of Screening Criteria, Quality of Coding Procedures, Quality
of Research Participants and Contexts, Quality of Data Analysis Plan, and Quality of Reporting
Results. The mean interrater reliability across all codes using this protocol was 87.8% (range
across categories = 74% –100%).
Country Briefs on the Fiscal and Public Debt Situation in the Caribbean Region
Authors: Bollers Elton , Frazier Gralyn , Gauto Victor , Giles Álvarez Laura , Khadan Jeetendra , McCaskie Ariel , Mooney Henry , Rosenblatt David
Published: March 2021

This document describes the fiscal and public debt situation in the countries of the Caribbean Region: The Bahamas, Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. Particular attention is paid to the impacts of the outbreak of COVID-19 that began in the early months of 2020, and to the measures adopted by governments to address the pandemic and its effects on production, consumption, and public accounts. The document also discusses countries growth prospects and recommends policies for each country.
Notas de país sobre la situación fiscal y de la deuda pública en la Región Andina
Authors: Andrián Leandro , Beverinotti Javier , Carrillo Paul , Castilleja-Vargas Liliana , Gutiérrez Priscilla , Hirs Jorge , Laura Luis F. , Manzano Osmel , Moreno Kenji , Olivo Victor , Zanoni Wladimir
Published: March 2021

Este documento describe la situación fiscal y de la deuda pública en los países de la Región andina: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela. Se presta especial atención a los impactos del brote de COVID-19 a partir de los primeros meses de 2020 y a las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos para enfrentar la pandemia y sus efectos sobre la producción, el consumo y las cuentas públicas. También se consideran las perspectivas de crecimiento de los países y se hacen recomendaciones de política para cada uno de ellos.
Potential risk factors and treatment of IOP elevation after operation in retinal detachment eyes of diabetic patients
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China, Shi Rui , Li Di ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China, Che Xuan-Yi ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China, Hom Rechard ,   Department of Biomedicine, Salus University, Elkins Park 17601, USA
Published: March 2021

AIM: To observe the intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation at the early stage of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicon oil tamponade in high myopia with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) eyes in diabetic patients and analyze the potential risk factors and effective treatment.
METHODS: One hundred consecutive diabetic patients of RRD in highly myopic eyes were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: the experimental group, those who used Tobramycin Dexamethasone Eye Drops (TDED), and control group. Pre- and postoperative IOPs, retinal nerve fiber thickness (RNFL) and optic nerve head parameters were recorded before and after IOP elevation, and in the contralateral eye before the operation. Graphpad 7.01 was used for data analysis.
RESULTS: IOP elevation occurred in 42 eyes within 1wk after vitrectomy in all diabetic participants. Ocular hypertension (OHTN) was observed in 31 of 53 eyes in experimental group and 11 eyes of 47 eyes in control group at the early stage after operation. Significant differences were found between groups in 5d-1wk and 1mo after vitrectomy. In addition, IOP of 39 eyes had decreased by proper treatment and 3 eyes received glaucoma filtration surgery. Compared to the optic disc parameters before IOP elevation, the average and inferior RNFL thickness were thinner and rim area decreased as well as cup volume and vertical C/D radio increased after IOP elevation. The RNFL thickness of the opposite eyes in patients with IOP elevation was found thinner than the ones who never suffered ocular hypertension.
CONCLUSION: Continual use of glucocorticoid after vitrectomy is a potential risk factor of IOP elevation in high myopia with diabetes, and doubtful open angle glaucoma should be focused on its sensibility to glucocorticoid and IOP elevation.
Explication functions in the conditions of professionalization of thinking
Authors: Kashapov Mergalyas M.
Published: March 2021

The article substantiates that the explication method in conditions of professionalization of the subject’s thinking performs various functions. Explication allows for: firstly, the translation of unclear and uncertain intuitive representations (explicands) to the form of strictin categorical, semantic and logical form concepts (explicans); secondly, the conceptualization of a certain area of professional knowledge, bringing it into a coherent, effective system; thirdly, the detection and accounting of implicit dependencies between various knowable and transformable phenomena; fourthly, the implementation of supra-situational thinking that ensures the acquisition of valuable personal and professional neoformations by the subject. Explication (expression, distribution) of the selected professional thinking featuresof the subject as anbeingexplicatedphenomenonis carried out by differentiating the knowable phenomena: spiritual as a manifestation of the power and content of inner life; social as a refraction of social requirements in professional activity; environmental as the integration and understanding of those environmental conditions that become the means of operational coping with the difficulties encountered; resource as the implementation and multiplication of resources, primarily internal as the basis for professional and personal self-development of the subject.
Ergonomic support for the development of a graphic color scale for student assessment of teaching activities
Authors: Spasennikov Valerii V. , Garbuzova Galina V. , Ermakova Eraterina A.
Published: March 2021

A review of domestic and foreign studies related to the analysis of the role of teacher evaluation by students of higher education institutions is presented. It examines different approaches to building a profile of the levels of formation of competences of higher school teachers. The summary characteristics of professional - activity and personal-communicative qualities of teachers are obtained, taking into account the evaluation opinions of students. A method for developing a graphical color scale for student assessment of teaching activities is proposed.
Crimes and punishments in a Soviet orphanage (1917-1920 s)
Authors: Ryabinina Natalia V.
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the features of the internal life of orphanages in Soviet Russia in the period of 1917 - late 1920s. Attention is focused on the negative aspects associated with violations of children and teachers. The reasons for this practice, ways to fight crime and their effectiveness are analyzed. In this context, the inconsistencies between theoretical positions and the real state of affairs are traced, as well as changes that occurred both in theory and in practical work during the period under study.
Research of personal characteristics of unemployed persons with addictive behavior
Authors: Karpov Anatolij V. , Khors Mikhail A.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the personal characteristics of unemployed men and women with addictive behavior. In order to determine the personal characteristics of unemployed addicts, the California Psychological Questionnaire CPI was used. The personal characteristics of unemployed addicts are empirically revealed. The differences between unemployed men and women with addicts, as well as the dynamics of the personal characteristics of unemployed people with addictive behavior, due to the age factor, are statistically proved. With age, unemployed people with dependent behavior decrease self-regulation, attention to others, organization, ability to take responsibility for themselves, independence, a tendency to think, insight, and increased rigidity and conservatism.
Micropropagation of Dalbergia nigra, an endangered Brazilian forest tree
Authors: Almeida Rodrigo Oliveira , Da Silva Sarah Santos , Cunha Ana Catarina Monteiro Carvalho Mori da
Published: March 2021

We report in this work an in vitro propagation method for Dalbergia nigra using nodal segments from germinated seeds in vitro. Plant material was cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyladeninepurine (BAP: 0 μM, 1.11 μM and 2.22 μM) and Naphthaleneacetic acd (NAA: 0.27 μM), combined with different amounts of subcultures for induction of shoot multiplication. Multiplied shoots were inoculated in MS and ½ MS medium (half strength of MS salts) to root, supplemented with NAA (0 μM and 4 μM). Data were analyzed by non-parametric statistical Kruskal-Wallis test. Best results to shoot multiplication were obtained using 1.11 μM or 2.22 μM of BAP combined 0.27 μM of NAA in multiplication medium and performing three subcultures, providing higher rates of shootsproduction per explant (average of 2.24) and high survival rate. Best results for rooting of shoots generated were obtained using a rooting medium containing ½ MS supplemented with 4 μM of NAA, providing a higher percentage of shoot rooting (average of 68%).
Viability of a terrace covered with porous concrete paving blocks for coffee bean drying
Authors: Gomes João Pedro Junqueira , Ponzo Alisson Pinto Soares , Oliveira Alisson Souza de
Published: March 2021

The success of the coffee activity depends on the beans drying process since it influences the physical and chemical coffee quality, whose result can be good or bad quality beverages. In this sense, the type of terrace has considerable influence on the product’s final quality. Therefore, in this study, ground soil terraces and porous concrete paving blocks will be evaluated, and the experiment was conducted in the city of Cambuquira/MG. For this purpose, porous concrete and compressed earth blocks with dimensions of 50 cm x 50 cm x 10 cm were built, totaling 10 blocks of each type of terrace. The experimental design was in randomized blocks (RB), using cherry coffee, with 10 replications, with a total of 20 plots. For the evaluation of the water infiltration capacity in the porous concrete paving block, a cylinder of 30 cm in diameter was used placed in the center of the porous concrete block, and the lower edges rejoined with cement to guarantee the use of the internal area of the cylinder only. The drying process of coffee on a porous concrete paving block terrace provided better quality both in the beverage and in the reduction of the number of defects in the beans. In the city of Cambuquira, the potential for infiltration and storage of rainwater is 58.8 m³ year-1. Considering a 10-year lifespan, the construction of the porous concrete paving block terrace is economically viable concerning the ground soil terrace, providing gains of up to 15%.
Практика политического процесса в Сомали
Authors: Орешкина Анастасия Владленовна
Published: March 2021

Распад государства всегда ведет к гражданской войне, экономическому коллапсу, краху социального обеспечения и т. д. Государство не может выполнять функцию гаранта безопасности для своих граждан. Политическое участие граждан становится минимальным. На примере Сомали видно, что проведение преобразований в условиях кризиса выливается в усиление конфликтности. Западная псевдодемократия не вплетается в канву межклановой борьбы, в стране нет разных политических взглядов. Национальное самосознание не приемлет компромиссов, «победитель забирает все». Поэтому навязанная метрополиями модель управления государством в итоге вылилась в коррупцию и непотизм в правительстве. Из-за длительного периода колониальной зависимости Сомали в умах народа укоренились ограничение суверенитета и экономическая экспансия. Только традиционные структуры несут ценностные ориентиры для сомалийского общества, которые потенциально могут переродиться в конфедеративную общность или автономные самоуправляемые провинции.
Editorial
Authors: Franco Vásquez José Gabriel
Published: March 2021

Diez artículos: cinco investigaciones originales, tres revisiones narrativas y dos reportes de caso, componen el primer número de 2021 de Medicina UPB. El primero de los originales es sobre un importante problema de salud pública, el embarazo en adolescentes, que es una relevante fuente de estrés en las futuras madres y que altera de modo significativo su proyecto vital. En la misma línea de la adolescencia y la juventud, el segundo original estudia dos aspectos neurocognitivos relacionados con el rendimiento académico en universitarios, la capacidad intelectual y la función ejecutiva. Para cerrar esta triada sobre este grupo de edad, el tercer trabajo versa sobre la ideación suicida y su relación con experiencias psicóticas como indicadores clínicos de la necesidad de atención en salud mental en los adolescentes.
Breeding of flavour hops in the Czech Republic
Authors: Nesvadba Vladimír , Charvátová Jitka , Trnková Sabina
Published: March 2021

Hop breeding in the Czech Republic develops a number of flavour hops. The Kazbek hop variety was registered in 2008 and the Mimosa variety in 2019. The best 7 hop genotypes were selected from breeding materials between the years 2014 and 2019. Kazbek, 5512 (Ceres) and 5571 (Eris) expressed a clear citrusy flavour. Mimosa, 5495 (Juno) and 5520 (Saturn) could be described as fruity while 5164 (Uran), 5540 (Jupiter) and 5580 (Pluto) as rather spicy. Genotype 5164 showed the highest aroma intensity, content of alpha acids (11.51% w/w) and alpha/beta ratio (2.20). Whereas Mimosa demonstrated the highest content of beta acids (5.56% w/w) and the lowest alpha/beta ratio (0.28), 5571 and 5520 had the highest cohumulone amount (49.19% rel. and 47.35% rel., respectively). In contrast, 5580 were distinguished by the lowest cohumulone (21.28% rel.). The highest amount of hop oils was determined in 5164 (1.77 w/w) and 5520 (1.53 w/w). 5164, 5540 and 5495 show a myrcene level above 40% rel. On the other hand, Kazbek, Mimosa and 5571 indicated a myrcene content below 35%. The highest level of farnesene (12.50% rel.) was detected in 5164; in other samples the values were below 1% rel. Mimosa showed the highest concentration of selinenes (32.75% rel.); other samples demonstrated selinenes below 10% rel. The Kazbek variety is the foundation for the breeding of flavour hops in the Czech Republic, and therefore it is the mother plant of genotypes 5495, 5512, 5520, 5540 and 5571. Harmonie is the mother plant of genotype 5580.
‘Don’t pee on that!’ Comparing environmental modification and medical management in cats with FIC
Authors: Poole Amelia
Published: March 2021

PICO question

In cats with feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is environmental modification superior than medical management in preventing reoccurrence?

 

Clinical bottom line

Category of research question

Treatment

The number and type of study designs reviewed

16 papers were critically reviewed; 14 randomised trials and two case studies

Strength of evidence

Critical appraisal of the selected papers meeting the inclusion criteria collectively provide weak evidence in terms of their experimental design and implementation

Outcomes reported

There is weak evidence that any medication or environmental modification is successful in reducing the reoccurrence of FIC when compared to a placebo. Short-term use of amitriptyline can contribute to an increase in occurrence of FIC

Conclusion

In view of the strength of evidence and the outcomes from the studies the following conclusion is made; in cats with feline idiopathic cystitis there is weak evidence that environmental modification or medication are effective at preventing reoccurrence. Further research is required into the cause of FIC before comparisons on treatment options can be made, however, with the exception of short-term use of amitriptyline, environmental modification and systemic treatment of clinical signs did not contribute to an increase in occurrence of FIC

 

How to apply this evidence in practice

The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.

Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
Randomized Controlled Trial: Self-Care Traumatic Episode Protocol, Computerized EMDR Treatment of COVID-19-Related Stress
Authors: Moench Judy , Billsten Olivia
Published: March 2021

Healthcare workers and mental health clinicians are at heightened risk for mental health issues while they support their communities during the COVID-19 pandemic, and early psychological intervention is crucial to protect them. The Self-Care Traumatic Episode Protocol (STEP) is a computerized intervention adapted from the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Group Traumatic Episode Protocol (EMDR G-TEP). This study evaluated the effectiveness of STEP for mental health clinicians in the context of COVID-19. Thirty-four mental health clinicians were randomly allocated to treatment (n = 17) or waitlist (n = 17). The Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) were completed by the treatment group at baseline and 1-week follow-up postintervention and by the waitlist group at baseline, preintervention, and 1-week follow-up postintervention. Pre–post comparisons showed a significant decrease in depression, anxiety, and stress for Immediate Treatment, t(15) = −3.64, p < .01, d = .73, and for Delayed Treatment, t(15) = −3.53, p < .01, d = .68, There was also a significant increase in general self-efficacy for Immediate Treatment, t(15) = 2.87, p < .05, d = .46, and Delayed Treatment, t(15) = 3.72, p < .01, d = .56. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) indicated that STEP may be effective in increasing general self-efficacy and reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among mental health clinicians in the context of COVID-19. Further research investigating the potential of utilizing the STEP intervention on a larger scale and with other populations is needed.
Die Steinmetzzeichen des Ulmer Münsters : Erfassung und Auswertung 1966-2020
Authors: Wortmann Reinhard
Published: March 2021

Die „steinernen Signaturen“ der mittelalterlichen Steinmetzen besitzen bis heute einen ganz besonderen Reiz und bergen als persönliche Marke des einzelnen am Bau beteiligten Individuums wertvolle Informationen für die Baugeschichte. An zahlreichen historischen Objekten wurde ihr Wert für die Rekonstruktion von Bauabläufen und bauhistorischen Zusammenhängen bereits erwiesen. Um die Steinmetzzeichen für bauforscherische Fragestellungen nutzbar zu machen, bedarf es im Vorfeld allerdings ihrer systematischen Erfassung und Auswertung. Als 1966 die Sanierungsarbeiten im Innenraum des Ulmer Münsters begannen und verschiedene Bauteile mit einer Gerüststellung versehen wurden, nutzte Reinhard Wortmann, promovierter Kunsthistoriker und langjähriger Mitarbeiter des Landesamtes für Denkmalpflege Baden-Württemberg, die einmalige Gelegenheit, die Steinmetzzeichen der eingerüsteten Bauteile über Jahrzehnte hinweg zu dokumentieren und in steingenauen Plänen zu verzeichnen. Nach über 50 Jahren zeugen 92 Pläne, etwa 900 verschiedene erfasste Zeichen und deren Auswertung in vier umfangreichen Tabellen von der beeindruckenden und langwierigen Arbeit, der Reinhard Wortmann neben seiner damaligen beruflichen Tätigkeit bis zuletzt mit großer Genauigkeit und Leidenschaft nachging. Dieses Buch ist Zeugnis seiner strukturierten Dokumentationsarbeit an auf lange Zeit nicht mehr zugänglichen Bauteilen des Ulmer Münsters und kann damit bauhistorischen und kunsthistorischen Forschungen als bedeutende Quelle dienen.
Formação docente em matemática para os primeiros anos da escolarização
Authors: Castro Franciana Carneiro de , Fiorentini Dario
Published: March 2021

Este artigo objetiva realizar um estudo comparativo sobre a formação inicial de professores para os primeiros anos da escolarização, entre Brasil e Portugal, tendo como foco analítico os conhecimentos profissionais para o ensino de Matemática. Foram tomados como material de análise, primeiro, as legislações atuais dos dois países, tendo como marco inicial, no Brasil, a LDB/1996 e, em Portugal, a Declaração de Bolonha/1999. Em seguida, os Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso de Pedagogia em 40 instituições públicas brasileiras e, em Portugal, os Planos de Estudo de Licenciaturas do 1º ciclo e dos respectivos Mestrados Profissionalizantes de nove instituições públicas. Na análise desse material, destacou-se, além da carga horária do curso destinada à formação matemática, a nomenclatura das disciplinas dessa área e suas ementas. Para análise das ementas constituíram-se dois corpora textuais (contexto brasileiro e português), apresentando, com o software IraMuTeq, uma classificação hierárquica descendente da distribuição de classes, tendo como referência uma literatura sobre conhecimentos profissionais para ensinar Matemática. Os resultados mostram que a carga didática destinada à formação de conhecimentos necessários para ensinar Matemática nos primeiros anos da escolarização, em Portugal, é quase dez vezes superior à do Brasil. E o que se ensina, no Brasil, em relação à formação especializada do futuro professor com Licenciatura em Pedagogia nem sempre é focado nos conteúdos de ensino desse nível, podendo ficar restrito apenas aos números e operações, deixando de lado: geometria e medidas, álgebra e estatística e probabilidade, por exemplo.
Covid-19, Fourth industrial revolution and the future of elections in Africa
Authors: Adebayo Joseph Olusegun , Makwambeni Blessing , Thakur Colin
Published: March 2021

The initial focus of this study was on exploring the potential impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on future elections in Africa. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is fundamentally changing the way we live, work and relate to one another. In its scale and complexity, 4IR could change humanity and human existence as we presently know it. The suddenness with which the novel coronavirus pandemic has shut down life across the globe, including the cancellation and postponement of scheduled elections, led to a realignment of the research goals. The study thus includes ways in which 4IR and unforeseen global emergencies like pandemics can impact future elections, with specific reference to Africa.
The impact of cross-boundary electoral demarcation disputes in South Africa after 1994: the case study of Moutse
Authors: Vambe Beauty , Mantula Sipho
Published: March 2021

The article investigates the impact of cross­boundary electoral demarcation disputes between the Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces after 1994. The article further examines how the electoral demarcation disputes can be resolved by negotiating with the dissatisfied communities. Moutse is located within a community that straddles north­western Mpumalanga and southern Limpopo provinces in South Africa. In 2005 the community members of Moutse wards 5 and 6 were dissatisfied by the decision of the South African national government, Limpopo and Mpumalanga provincial governments for relocating them under a newly demarcated administrative boundary without hearing the views of the community. The article used community dialogues for its research. This approach is explained predominantly by qualitative and quantitative approaches to indicate processes of data collection, to explain the nature of the problem and explore the findings of communitybased research. The study reveals that violent disruptions and protests by community members can be avoided if community voices are taken into consideration. The article recommends that state institutions that support constitutional democracy need to show the administrative and political will to transform electoral demarcation challenges and implement effective democratic principles. In conclusion, advanced institutional planning and its transparent application must be emphasised.
Utilization of Mosque as A Part of Early Warning Systems to Reduce Flood Damage in Samarinda City, Indonesia
Authors: Sukmara Riyan Benny , Wu Ray Shyan
Published: March 2021

Samarinda City is one of the most attractive cities in Borneo Island (Indonesia) and also as a capital city of EastBorneo Province. The expansion of urban areas becomes essential due to rapid population and housing demand. Base on the statistical report, the annual population growth rate is 0.018% from the year 2016-2017 with a total population of 843446 inhabitants. Many natural disasters occur in some areas in this city, especially flooding. This natural disaster occurs almost every year, many people suffered and forced to evacuate. In 2018 there is 3 flood event with 28311 people was suffered and evacuated, and 5170 houses were flooded [1]. During the flood event, it was very possible to gain damages to their property and make traffic stuck. One common way to reducing the damages is using Early Warning Systems (EWS). Early warning is a major element for disaster risk reduction, including damages. To prevent and mitigate the impact of a disaster, many countries had taken action to build various methods of a public warning system. An effective early warning system focused on people-centered and comprises the following element, such as risk knowledge, technical monitoring and service, communication and dissemination of warnings, and community response capability [2]. Related to the existing condition which Samarinda is a Muslim-dominated city and obviously has a lot of a number of mosques. This is a good potency to develop an early warning system because every mosque has a loudspeaker for echoing Adzan (Muslim prayer-calling). With this existing condition, the loudspeaker can be utilized as a flood outdoor-voice warning announcer. The aim of this study is to briefly introduce the strategy of dissemination early warning by utilizing mosques. The hope of early warning dissemination is giving enough time to the people to evacuate their property to reduce damages and possibly to giving information to avoiding traffic stuck (in a certain location)due to flooding. The results of this study can be used as input for decision-makers to develop effective flood management strategies and policies, especially in the case of an early warning system where not well-developed in Samarinda.
Engram: A Systematic Approach to Optimize Keyboard Layouts for Touch Typing, With Example for the English Language
Authors: Klein Arno
Published: March 2021

Most computer keyboard layouts (mappings of characters to keys) do not reflect the ergonomics of the human hand, resulting in preventable repetitive strain injuries. We present a set of ergonomics principles relevant to touch typing, introduce a scoring model that encodes these principles, and outline a systematic approach for developing optimized keyboard layouts in any language based on this scoring model coupled with character-pair frequencies. We then create a keyboard layout optimized for touch typing in English by constraining key assignments to reduce lateral finger movements and enforce easy access to high-frequency letters and letter pairs, applying open source software to generate millions of layouts, and evaluating them based on Google’s N-gram data. We use two independent scoring methods to compare the resulting Engram layout against 10 other prominent keyboard layouts based on a variety of publicly available text sources. The Engram layout scores consistently higher than other keyboard layouts.
Dynamics of Rubber Band Stretch Ejection
Authors: Li Xiang , Sun Bohua , Zhang Yi , Dai Yuanfan
Published: March 2021

Why do stretched rubber bands not hit the hand after ejection? What is the mechanism behind the rubber band ejection dynamics? These questions represent a fascinating scientific problem. Because the size of a rubber band in the circumferential direction is much larger than that in the other two directions of its cross-section, we regard the rubber band as a slender beam and establish a mathematical model of the dynamics of the rubber band stretching and ejection. Furthermore, we obtain the dependence of the dynamic curvature of the rubber band on the arc length and time. We used the finite element software ABAQUS to simulate the dynamic process of a rubber band stretching and ejection. The simulation results and dimensional analysis were performed to examine the effect of the bending elastic rebound velocity. The mathematical model and simulation results revealed that the relationship between the curvature and time at the end of the rubber band ($s =0$) was as follows: $\kappa\sim t^{-{1}/{2}}$. This research has guiding significance for the design of rubber bands as elastic energy storage devices.
Adaptive Machine Learning for Robust Diagnostics and Control of Time-Varying Particle Accelerator Components and Beams
Authors: Scheinker Alexander
Published: March 2021

Machine learning (ML) is growing in popularity for various particle accelerator applications including anomaly detection such as faulty beam position monitor or RF fault identification, for non-invasive diagnostics, and for creating surrogate models. ML methods such as neural networks (NN) are useful because they can learn input-output relationships in large complex systems based on large data sets. Once they are trained, methods such as NNs give instant predictions of complex phenomenon, which makes their use as surrogate models especially appealing for speeding up large parameter space searches which otherwise require computationally expensive simulations. However, quickly time varying systems are challenging for ML-based approaches because the actual system dynamics quickly drifts away from the description provided by any fixed data set, degrading the predictive power of any ML method, and limits their applicability for real time feedback control of quickly time-varying accelerator components and beams. In contrast to ML methods, adaptive model-independent feedback algorithms are by design robust to un-modeled changes and disturbances in dynamic systems, but are usually local in nature and susceptible to local extrema. In this work, we propose that the combination of adaptive feedback and machine learning, adaptive machine learning (AML), is a way to combine the global feature learning power of ML methods such as deep neural networks with the robustness of model-independent control. We present an overview of several ML and adaptive control methods, their strengths and limitations, and an overview of AML approaches. A simple code for the adaptive control algorithm used here can be downloaded from: https://github.com/alexscheinker/ES_adaptive_optimization