bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in the morphology, physiology and gene expression of honey bee queens and workers reared in vitro versus in situ
Authors: De Souza Daiana A. , Kaftanoglu Osman , De Jong David , Page Robert E. , Amdam Gro V. , Wang Ying
Published: October 2018

The effect of larval nutrition on female fertility in honey bees is a focus of both for scientific studies and for practical applications in beekeeping. In general, morphological traits are standards for classifying queens and workers and for evaluating their quality. In recent years, in vitro rearing techniques have been improved and used in many studies; they can produce queen-like and worker-like bees. Here, we questioned whether queens and workers reared in vitro are the same as queens and workers reared in a natural hive environment. We reared workers and queens both in vitro and naturally in beehives to test how these different environments affect metabolic physiology and candidate genes in newly emerged queens and workers. We found that sugar (glucose and trehalose) levels differed between queens and workers in both in vitro and in-hive-reared bees. The in vitro–reared bees had significantly higher levels of lipids in the abdomen. Moreover, hive reared queens had almost 20 times higher levels of vitellogenin than in vitro-reared queens, despite similar morphologies. In addition, hive-reared bees had significantly higher levels of expression of mrjp1. In conclusion, in vitro rearing produces queens and workers that differ from those reared in the hive environment at physiological and gene expression levels.
RPSA, a candidate gene for isolated congenital asplenia, is required for pre-rRNA processing and spleen formation in Xenopus
Authors: Griffin John N. , Sondalle Samuel B. , Robson Andrew , Mis Emily K. , Griffin Gerald , Kulkarni Saurabh S. , Deniz Engin , Baserga Susan J. , Khokha Mustafa K.
Published: October 2018

A growing number of tissue-specific inherited disorders are associated with impaired ribosome production, despite the universal requirement for ribosome function. Recently, mutations in RPSA, a protein component of the small ribosomal subunit, were discovered to underlie approximately half of all isolated congenital asplenia cases. However, the mechanisms by which mutations in this ribosome biogenesis factor lead specifically to spleen agenesis remain unknown, in part due to the lack of a suitable animal model for study. Here we reveal that RPSA is required for normal spleen development in the frog, Xenopus tropicalis. Depletion of Rpsa in early embryonic development disrupts pre-rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis, and impairs expression of the key spleen patterning genes nkx2-5, bapx1 and pod1 in the spleen anlage. Importantly, we also show that whereas injection of human RPSA mRNA can rescue both pre-rRNA processing and spleen patterning, injection of human mRNA bearing a common disease-associated mutation cannot. Together, we present the first animal model of RPSA-mediated asplenia and reveal a crucial requirement for RPSA in pre-rRNA processing and molecular patterning during early Xenopus development.
Mathematical Features of the Genealogy of Acyclic Conjugated Polyenes
Authors: Hosoya Haruo
Published: October 2018

For the acyclic conjugated polyenes of N ≤ 12 fairly good correlation between the HMO Eπ and topological index Z is demonstrated and analyzed mathematically. By using a much simpler index, mean length of conjugation L, relative stability among the isomers can roughly be anticipated and understood even by beginners of chemistry. The genealogy of the acyclic conjugated polyene family is obtained and interpreted by drawing systematic diagrams growing from ethylene by using the four modes, i.e., elongation, inner and outer branching, and horn growing. The definition and importance of cross-conjugation in organic chemistry is discussed.
In vivo RNA structural probing of uracil and guanine base-pairing by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)
Authors: Mitchell David , Renda Andrew J. , Douds Catherine A. , Babitzke Paul , Assmann Sarah M. , Bevilacqua Philip C.
Published: October 2018

Many biological functions performed by RNAs arise from their in vivo structures. The structure of the same RNA can differ in vitro and in vivo owing in part to the influence of molecules ranging from protons to secondary metabolites to proteins. Chemical reagents that modify the Watson–Crick (WC) face of unprotected RNA bases report on the absence of base-pairing and so are of value to determining structures adopted by RNAs. Reagents have thus been sought that can report on the native RNA structures that prevail in living cells. Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) and glyoxal penetrate cell membranes and inform on RNA secondary structure in vivo through modification of adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) bases. Uracil (U) bases, however, have thus far eluded characterization in vivo. Herein, we show that the water-soluble carbodiimide 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) is capable of modifying the WC face of U and G in vivo, favoring the former nucleobase by a factor of ∼1.5, and doing so in the eukaryote rice, as well as in the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. While both EDC and glyoxal target Gs, EDC reacts with Gs in their typical neutral state, while glyoxal requires Gs to populate the rare anionic state. EDC may thus be more generally useful; however, comparison of the reactivity of EDC and glyoxal may allow the identification of Gs with perturbed pKas in vivo and genome-wide. Overall, use of EDC with DMS allows in vivo probing of the base-pairing status of all four RNA bases.
Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of GABA-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from indigenous dadih of West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Anggraini Lili , Marlida Yetti , Wizna Wizna , Jamsari Jamsari , Mirzah Mirzah , Adzitey Frederick , Huda Nurul
Published: October 2018

Background: Dadih (fermented buffalo milk) is a traditional Indonesian food originating from West Sumatra province. The fermentation process is carried out by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are naturally present in buffalo milk.  Lactic acid bacteria have been reported as one of potential producers of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA acts as a neurotransmitter inhibitor of the central nervous system.

Methods: In this study, molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of GABA producing LAB isolated from indigenous dadih of West Sumatera were determined. Identification of the GABA-producing LAB DS15 was based on conventional polymerase chain reaction. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used to identify LAB DS15.

Results: PCR of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of LAB DS15 gave an approximately 1400 bp amplicon.  Phylogenetic analysis showed that LAB DS15 was Pediococcus acidilactici, with high similarity of 99% at 100% query coverage to Pediococcus acidilactici strain DSM 20284.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that GABA producing LAB isolated from indigenous dadih was Pediococcus acidilactici.
The disentanglement of Andreaea alpina Hedw. (Andreaeaceae): Typifications and nomenclatural changes
Authors: Price Michelle J. , Ellis Leonard T.
Published: October 2018

The name Andreaea alpina was validly published in Hedwig’s 1801 work Species muscorum frondosorum, but the entity itself can be traced back in the pre‐Linnaean literature to Dillenius of 1741 where it was described under “Lichenastrum”. Three hebarium sheets in the Hedwig‐Schwägrichen Herbarium in G are associated with A. alpina: one that was identified as A. rupestris (G00056451), one as A. obovata (G00056454), and one non‐original specimen that was indicated as A. alpina (G00040015). The latter sheet had been annotated “holotype”, and later “lectotype”, for this name, although formal typification of the name has yet to be effected via publication. To clarify the confusion over the true identity of the material in G and thus over the correct application of the name Andreaea alpina, a lectotype is designated herein from the original material in the Hedwig Herbarium. The chosen material corresponds most closely to the validating description and represents material that was seen by Hedwig for his 1801 work. In consequence of this typification, the name Andreaea hookeri is proposed for the entity that had erroneously come to be known as Andreaea alpina.
Innovative Technologies of Pre-Shift Psychophysiological Control of Personnel as Means of Increasing Safety of Radiation and Nuclear Enterprises and Objects of the State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM
Authors: Бобров Александр , Bobrov Alexandr , Иванов В. , Ivanov V. , Калинина М. , Kalinina M. , Новикова Т. , Novikova T. , Ратаева В. , Rataeva V. , Седин В. , Sedin V. , Щебланов В. , Shcheblanov V. , Щелканова Е. , Shchelkanova E. , Самойлов Александр , Samoylov Alyeksandr
Published: October 2018

Purpose: Validation of requirements to the hardware and software of pre-shift psychophysiological monitoring and assessment of effectiveness of use of technology of the vibraimage at pre-shift psychophysiological control of personnel of radiation and nuclear dangerous enterprises and objects of the State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM.

Material and methods: Pre-shift psychophysiological control of employees of Elektrochimpribor plant (20 people) and the Northwest Center for Radioactive Waste Management “SevRAO” , a Branch of FSUE RosRAO, Zaozersk of Murmansk region (18 workers of facilities for management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste). Pre-shift psychophysiological monitoring was carried out within 3 months. During the research measurement of arterial blood pressure, assessment of health, activity and mood was taken. The psychophysiological condition was estimated according to innovative technology of the vibraimage with the use of the Vibrastaff program.

Results: Reliability improvement of a human factor is one of the main ways of improving radiation and nuclear safety of the facilities and objects of the State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM. It demands improving methods and means of psychophysiological providing. First of all methods, tools and criteria of pre-shift psychophysiological control. The developed requirements to the hardware and software of pre-shift psychophysiological monitoring and innovative technology of assessment of parameters of the vibraimage allow quickly (within 1 minute) to receive the decision on the admission / not the admission to work. Its practical use gives the chance, according to pre-shift psychophysiological control in due time, to accept organizational, medical and other administrative decisions for improving radiation and nuclear safety of the enterprises and objects of the State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM.
Monitoring and Evaluation in the Primary School: an Incentive for Academic Achievement or a Student Maladjustment Factor?
Authors: Виноградова Наталья , Vinogradova Natalya
Published: October 2018

The article deals with the problem related to the lack of readiness of a primary school teacher to carry out pedagogically expedient supervising and evaluating activities. Particular attention is paid to the position of the student as a subject of educational activity and a member of the educational team, the formation of such important student qualities as self-control and self-esteem.
Self-Control Formation of Younger Schoolchildren When Conducting Training Dictations in Russian Lessons
Authors: Соснина Е. , Sosnina E.
Published: October 2018

The article deals with the problem of the development of self-control among younger schoolchildren. The formation of self-control must begin from the first months of schooling, in particular at the initial stage of learning writing taking dictation, it is important to establish the ability to control what is written. The article presents a model for the development of self-control among younger schoolchildren as a factor in the successful self-test of dictation. The examples of the forms and methods of work in the first and second grades are given, which help to carry out the current

and final control when younger schoolchildren write teaching dictations.
Robust Classification
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Dunn Jack , Pawlowski Colin , Zhuo Ying Daisy
Published: October 2018

Motivated by the fact that there may be inaccuracies in features and labels of training data, we apply robust optimization techniques to study in a principled way the uncertainty in data features and labels in classification problems and obtain robust formulations for the three most widely used classification methods: support vector machines, logistic regression, and decision trees. We show that adding robustness does not materially change the complexity of the problem and that all robust counterparts can be solved in practical computational times. We demonstrate the advantage of these robust formulations over regularized and nominal methods in synthetic data experiments, and we show that our robust classification methods offer improved out-of-sample accuracy. Furthermore, we run large-scale computational experiments across a sample of 75 data sets from the University of California Irvine Machine Learning Repository and show that adding robustness to any of the three nonregularized classification methods improves the accuracy in the majority of the data sets. We observe the most significant gains for robust classification methods on high-dimensional and difficult classification problems, with an average improvement in out-of-sample accuracy of robust versus nominal problems of 5.3% for support vector machines, 4.0% for logistic regression, and 1.3% for decision trees.
Inhibitory Reactivity of Capsaicin with α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Related to Antidiabetes using Molecular Docking and Quantum Calculation Methods
Authors: Thongnum Kultida , Chanthai Saksit
Published: October 2018

This work aims to investigate the inhibitory activity of capsaicin, which is one of capsaicinoid compounds, on these enzymes using a molecular docking and quantum calculation. Acarbose, a commercial diabetes drug, was also investigated for comparison. The docking results revealed that acarbose yields better inhibition efficiency with binding free energy (ΔGbinding) of about -8.2 to -11.9 kcal/mol, and inhibition constant (Ki) of about 0.0002 to 0.4 µM, whereas capsaicin provided the ΔGbinding of -5.8 to -6.1 kcal/mol and Ki of 23.7 to 45.9 µM. The total binding energy (ΔEbinding) between each inhibitor and amino acids in active site of enzyme obtained from quantum calculation with MP2/6-31G(d,p) level is in agreement with the ΔGbinding, i.e. the ΔEbinding of acarbose was larger negative than that of capsaicin. The amino acids interacting with inhibitor as hydrogen bond mainly contribute to the total binding energy. Nevertheless, it could be concluded that capsaicinoids have high potential to be developed as an alternative drug for diabetes disease.
Data on the Microstructure and Passivation Behavior for NO7718 and NO7208 Nickel Alloys in Corrosive Media
Authors: Tolulope Loto Roland
Published: October 2018

Potentiodynamic polarization data for nickel alloys N07718 and N07208 in 2M H2SO4 solution at 0% - 5% NaCl concentrations are presented in tabular form showing the qualitative relationship between the corrosion resistance, passivation behavior and interfacial redox reactions of the alloys with the increase in chloride ion concentration. Tafel plots from the polarization test are presented to show the anodic-cathodic transition curves with respect to variable applied potential and scan rate. Data on open circuit potential measurement for the 1200s showed the active-passive behavior of both alloys and their thermodynamic stability in the acid solution. Optical micro-analytical images of the alloys before corrosion and at 0%, 0.5% and 5% NaCl after corrosion are presented for morphological and comparative analysis.
The continuing relevance of Paulo Freire: celebrating 50 years since the publication of Pedagogy of the oppressed
Authors: Kina Victoria Jupp , Gonçalves Alexandre
Published: October 2018

This article celebrates 50 years since the publication of Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the oppressed. His key ideas are explored and their continuing relevance for both understanding and resisting the increasingly neoconservative political landscape in Brazil is analysed.
A Mendelian Randomization-Based Approach to Identify Early and Sensitive Diagnostic Biomarkers of Disease
Authors: Mohammadi-Shemirani Pedrum , Sjaarda Jennifer , Gerstein Hertzel C , Treleaven Darin J , Walsh Michael , Mann Johannes F , McQueen Matthew J , Hess Sibylle , Paré Guillaume
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

Identifying markers of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that occur early in the disease process and are specific to loss of kidney function rather than other underlying causes of disease may allow earlier, more accurate identification of patients who will develop CKD. We therefore sought to identify diagnostic blood markers of early CKD that are caused by loss of kidney function by using an innovative “reverse Mendelian randomization” (MR) approach.

METHODS

We applied this technique to genetic and biomarker data from 4147 participants in the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial, all with known type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, or impaired glucose tolerance. Two-sample MR was conducted using variants associated with creatinine-based eGFR (eGFRcrea) from the CKDGen Consortium (n = 133814) to estimate the effect of genetically decreased eGFRcrea on 238 serum biomarkers.

RESULTS

With reverse MR, trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) was identified as a protein that is increased owing to decreased eGFRcrea (β = 1.86 SD per SD decrease eGFRcrea; 95% CI, 0.95–2.76; P = 8.0 × 10−5). Reverse MR findings were consistent with epidemiological associations for incident CKD in ORIGIN (OR = 1.28 per SD increase in TFF3; 95% CI, 1.18–1.38; P = 4.58 × 10−10). Addition of TFF3 significantly improved discrimination for incident CKD relative to eGFRcrea alone (net reclassification improvement = 0.211; P = 9.56 × 10−12) and in models including additional risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest TFF3 is a valuable diagnostic marker for early CKD in dysglycemic populations and acts as a proof of concept for the application of this novel MR technique to identify diagnostic biomarkers for other chronic diseases.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier

NCT00069784
Crafting a Discipline-Relevant Pedagogy
Authors: Marx Sherry
Published: October 2018

In this article, the author shares a confessional tale of her experience reshaping a qualitative research methodology class taught in a Big Tent environment to be more meaningful to the diverse students in the class, who represented numerous academic disciplines. She first describes the epistemological and methodological orientation of the original class, Take I, along with its strengths and limitations. She then reflects on an Intermission that reshaped her understanding of teaching during a sabbatical when she became a student for the first time in many years. Next, she discusses the changes she made to the class, Take II, which builds on culturally relevant pedagogy, aims to represent various student disciplines in the curricula, and takes into consideration the scaffolding necessary to teach novice learners. These changes seemed to improve the class for both students and instructor.
Virtue Jurisprudence and the Case of Zero-Tolerance Discipline in U.S. Public Education Policy
Authors: Sellers Brian G. , Arrigo Bruce A.
Published: October 2018

This article empirically investigates how the humanistic critique at the core of virtue jurisprudence can illuminate the laws of captivity at the level of judicial decision making. One point of reference is the set of cases that makes up the constitutional challenges to and the resolutions of zero-tolerance public school discipline. These court decisions establish the conditions under which this strategy represents a legitimate and protected exercise of U.S. education policy and practice. We begin by explaining what virtue jurisprudence is, and we specify how its Aristotelian-sourced humanism has been the basis of ongoing sociolegal inquiry. We then delineate the coordinates of our methodology. These coordinates consist of two levels of textual data collection, as obtained from a LexisNexis criterion-based sample design. Next, we summarily present the results. These findings reveal both the judicial temperaments and the normative forces that inform and influence the nature of sociolegal decision making on the matter of zero-tolerance public school discipline. We discuss and analyze the results within the critical humanism of virtue jurisprudence. This critique suggests how the courts’ endorsement of zero-tolerance public policy and practice might be reconceived if an ethic of citizenship grounded the courts’ reasoning and decision making.
Seropolitics and the Criminal Accusation of HIV Non-Disclosure in Canada
Authors: Swiffen Amy , French Martin
Published: October 2018

This paper examines the criminalization of HIV non-disclosure in Canada as a public health legal response. The analysis begins outside the public health framework to relate the criminalization of HIV to broader shifts in the relationship between life and law in contemporary forms of governance. It does this by drawing on the concepts of biopower and biopolitics to explain how the intersection of medical and legal knowledge creates an accusatorial framework that has made HIV criminalization possible. This idea is explored by tracing the historical development of the legal principle out of which the phenomenon has emerged (“fraud capable of vitiating consent to sexual relations”) and looking at how it has been applied in two contemporary HIV prosecution cases: R v. Aziga (2007) and R v. Ngeruka (2015). The second half of the paper examines the effectiveness of the criminal accusation of HIV non-disclosure as a public health legal response, focusing on its effect on advancing traditional public health goals. The discussion also points out how criminalization of HIV non-disclosure manifests broader tensions that have been recognized in public health legal responses to communicable disease, particularly the challenges of protecting the public while respecting individual rights. The paper concludes by arguing that control over blood blurs medical and legal forms of knowledge and power. This reflects a “seropolitical” landscape characterized by a criminal law accusatorial framework shaped by medical determinations of risk and harm.
How Do You Know When You’re in a Cult?
Authors: Crockford Susannah
Published: October 2018

This article examines representations of Peoples Temple in popular culture through the lens of mimesis, understood as a process of repetition and re-creation of specific elements. This process produces what is understood as a “cult” in popular culture, which is divorced from the complex historical reality of Peoples Temple. Three symbolic strands combine to construct the concept of a “cult”: the power of a charismatic leader, isolation from outside influences, and consuming poison, or “drinking the Kool-Aid.” In popular culture, these symbols are used in order to apportion blame, to learn lessons, and to act as a warning. Peoples Temple was a collective trauma for American culture as well as an individual trauma for survivors. The process of mimesis, therefore, is a way of both memorializing and reinscribing this trauma on a cultural level. Examples from ethnographic research conducted in Sedona, Arizona, are used to illustrate how symbols of Jonestown generated by cultural mimesis continue to be invoked by participants in contemporary minority religions as a way to signal their concern about whether they belong to a cult.
A retórica da pós-verdade
Authors: De Campos Marcella Machado , De Souza e Silva Maria Cecília Pérez
Published: October 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar o “fenômeno da pós-verdade”, escolhida como a palavra do ano de 2016 pela Oxford Dictionaries, mais especificamente, seu potencial de se instaurar como desmemória discursiva (PAVEAU, 2013a, 2015) como correlato de alienação da verdade na produção de narrativas fantasiosas que repercutem na sociedade democrática contemporânea. Tal qual introduzida por Paveau partindo do conceito de memória discursiva proposto por Courtine, a noção de desmemória discursiva se caracteriza pelo desvio de um sentido primeiro cujo efeito favorece, para além do enunciador implicado naquele discurso, dada conjuntura. A partir de duas declarações polêmicas, uma de Donald Trump e outra de Kellyanne Conway, conselheira da Casa Branca, foram analisadas, sob o pano de fundo de uma crise de representatividade política em nível mundial, as manobras enunciativas empreendidas pelos respectivos enunciadores, permitindo depreender que a desmemória discursiva, seja por retificação ou ressignificação, opera como um dos recursos argumentativos no bojo da linguagem que assegura à pós-verdade o status de novo normal na atualidade.
Memórias do futuro: alteridade do mundo e do sujeito na poesia de Cecília Meireles
Authors: Barbosa Márcia Helena S.
Published: October 2018

Este estudo examina as relações entre a poesia e o sagrado na obra poética de Cecília Meireles, mostrando que o sujeito lírico, ao perceber a alteridade do mundo, é levado ao encontro de sua própria alteridade, numa busca em que o futuro imaginado confunde-se com as memórias difusas da origem. O trabalho, para desenvolver a análise proposta, adota como embasamento teórico as teses de Michel Collot, que se dedica aos estudos de paisagem na literatura e toma como suporte a fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty e a crítica temática de Jean-Pierre Richard.
Non-volant mammal inventory of Cusuco National Park, north-west Honduras: reporting the presence of Jaguar, Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758), and demonstrating the effects of zonal protection on mammalian abundance
Authors: Hoskins Hannah M. J. , Burdekin Oliver J. , Dicks Kara , Slater Kathy Y. , McCann Niall P. , Jocque Merlijn , Castañeda Franklin , Reid Neil
Published: October 2018

Neotropical cloud forests are one of the most biodiverse yet threatened ecosystems with deforestation and hunting creating major problems. We report a non-volant mammal species inventory for Cusuco National Park, Honduras, spanning 2006–2016. Data were collected using 4 methods: tracks and signs, camera trapping, direct sightings and live trapping. Recorded species of conservation importance included Central American red brocket (Mazama temama (Kerr, 1792)), Baird’s tapir (Tapirus bairdii (Gill, 1865)), margay (Leopardus wiedii (Schinz, 1821)), and jaguar (Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758)); the latter recorded for the first time. Cusuco National Park is a site of strategic geographical importance within the Central American jaguar corridor. In total, 43 species were recorded from 26 families. We demonstrate the impact of zonal protection measures with higher mammal abundance recorded in the park’s highly protected core compared to the less protected buffer zone. We advise continued monitoring to provide robust time-series of population trends.
Intraokuläres Melanom bei einer 10 Jahre alten Lamastute (Lama glama)
Authors: Voigt Katja , Falkenau Almuth , Herbach Nadja , Feist Melanie , Tschoner Theresa
Published: October 2018

Eine 10-jährige Lamastute wurde mit einer chronisch wuchernden Masse des linken Auges vorgestellt. Das Tier zeigte einen linksseitigen Exophthalmus, die Nickhaut war gerötet. Die Hornhaut war von einer gelblich-rötlichen, undurchsichtigen Gewebsmasse bedeckt und wies ulzerative Veränderungen auf. Die tieferen Strukturen des Auges ließen sich nicht beurteilen. Das rechte Auge stellte sich unauffällig dar. Das linke Auge wurde unter Allgemeinanästhesie entfernt. Die histopathologische Untersuchung des Exstirpats ergab ein okuläres amelanotisches Melanom. Kornea, Sklera, Glaskörper und Linse waren nicht mehr zu identifizieren. Vierzehn Monate später wurde das Lama mit einer Umfangsvermehrung im Bereich der linken Orbita und Blindheit auf dem rechten Auge eingeliefert und aufgrund des schlechten Allgemeinzustands eingeschläfert. Bei der pathologisch-anatomischen und histopathologischen Untersuchung wurde ein Rezidiv des amelanotischen Melanoms mit Metastasierung in die regionären Lymphknoten unter Mitbeteiligung des Nervus opticus festgestellt, was die Blindheit des rechten Auges erklärte.
Retained mind mapping skills and learning outcomes in medical students: a mixed methods study
Authors: Phenwan Tharin , Tawanwongsri Weeratian
Published: October 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background: Mind maps (MM), is a learning method assisting learners in the visualisation of relationships between theoretical concepts. Studies showed the enhancement of data retention, overall comprehension, and creativity in MM users. Thus, MM has been implemented in many medical schools to facilitate medical students' learning experiences. However, retained mind mapping skills and its effect on the learning outcomes in the long-term follow-up remain unknown. Methods: A concurrent mixed-methods design with convenience sampling method. All (48) second-year medical students joined a three-day MM workshop in 2016. One year later, we surveyed the students who still use MM and those who did not. Mind Map Assessment Rubric (MMAR) and Grade Point Average (GPA) were compared between the two groups. Content analysis with data triangulation method was used to explore their preferences and MM skills. Results: We achieved a 100% response rate. 39 (81.2%) of participants were female. The mean age of participants was 20.6 years (SD = 0.5). 37 students still use MM (77.1%). With MMAR, participants in the MM group scored 28.9 higher than participants in the MM-free group significantly (p = 0.01). There were no differences in the median GPAs to both groups. However, there was a significant correlation between using MM in learning and the second trimester (year1) (r=0.29, p<0.05). Majority of participants in the MM groups stated the advantages of using MM to help to organise data and their thought process. But the students in MM-free group saw the disadvantages of MM as a time-consuming process and the potential of missing information from lectures. Conclusions: Without revision in MM, participants' skills deteriorated immensely. There was a non-statistically significant trend toward increased learning outcomes with MM group. Further studies to examine whether more frequent MM use or workshop revision can boost their learning outcomes or not is recommended.
REPEATED CONNECTIONS IN THE SCHEMES OF LINK SLIDER-CRANK MECHANISM OF GRIPPING DEVICE
Authors: R. P. Pogrebnyak
Published: October 2018

Purpose. The article is aimed to carry out a structural analysis of gripping device as a mechanism with a variable structure and external unilateral constraints, as well as to determine the number of repeated connections in the internal and external contours in the mechanism diagram, and to recommend the ways to reduce them. Methodology. Solution of the set problem is realized by means of the mechanisms and machines theory using the universal structural theory of Ozols for analyzing the gripping device as a mechanism with internal and external constraints. Findings. The design of schemes of mechanical gripping devices rarely provides for a stage of structural analysis and synthesis of the mechanism. The preference is given to mandatory kinematic and kinetostatic calculations, layout and design. If structural analysis is carried out, then most often it is limited to calculating the number of the mechanism freedom degrees. The ten-link gripping device is built on the basis of coupled parallelogram slider-crank mechanism with a leading slider. The leading slider acts on the connecting rods connected by the rocker with the frame. The connecting rods bear the clamping elements of the gripping device. The added dyads form a parallelogram and provide a plane-parallel movement of the gripping elements of clamp. Structural analysis was performed using structural schemes for two states of the mechanism: before clamping the object and in the state of the clamped object. The main internal structural parameters of the kinematic scheme: the number of links - 10, the number of connections - 13, the number of contours - 4, the mobility - 1, the number of internal repeated connections - 11. The number of external connections - 12, the actual mobility of the mechanism - 1, the working mobility of the mechanism is - 0, the number of lost mobilities of the external body from the action of external connections - 6, the number of external repeated connections - 5. Originality. Structural analysis of the coupled slider crank mechanism of the gripping device as a mechanism of a variable structure with internal and external connections is carried out for the first time. It is performed contour search, analysis and elimination of useless repeated connections in the internal and external contours of the mechanism. Practical value. Practical recommendations for changing the mobility of kinematic pairs are proposed to reduce the number of repeated connections in internal contours and to provide unloading connection in the outer contour of the mechanism.
DEFINITION OF «SAFETY BOUNDARY» IN CASE OF TERRORIST ATTACK WITH CHEMICAL AGENTS
Authors: M. M. Biliaiev  , I. V. Kalashnikov  , V. A. Kozachyna
Published: October 2018

Purpose. The work involves the development of a 2D numerical model for calculating the «safety boundary» in the case of a terrorist attack using a chemical agent. The safety boundary is the boundary behind which the emission of a dangerous substance in a terrorist act will lead to undesirable consequences at the site of the attack object. Methodology. To solve this problem, we used an equation conjugated with the equation of mass transfer in the atmospheric air of a chemical agent ejected in the case of a terrorist attack. The simulation takes into account the field of wind speed, atmospheric diffusion, the release intensity of a hazardous substance. For numerical integration of the modeling conjugated equation, new variables are introduced and an implicit difference splitting scheme is applied. A feature of the developed numerical model is the ability to quickly assess the position of the safety boundary near a possible object of attack. Findings. The developed numerical model and computer program can be used for a scientifically grounded assessment of the safety boundary position near significant objects in the event of possible terrorist attacks using chemical (biological) agents. The constructed numerical model can be implemented on computers of small and medium power, which makes it possible to widely use it to solve the problems of the considered class, when developing an emergency response plan. The results of a computational experiment are presented that allow one to evaluate the possibilities of the proposed method for calculating the position of the safety boundary in the case of a terrorist attack using a chemical agent. Originality. An effective method for calculating the position of the safety boundary near the facility, which may be the target of a terrorist attack using a chemically hazardous substance, is proposed. The method is based on the numerical integration of the equation, which is conjugated to the equation of mass transfer of chemically hazardous substances in the atmospheric air. Practical value. The proposed method for calculating the position of the safety boundary near the facility, which may be the target of a terrorist attack using a chemically hazardous substance, can be used to organize protective measures aimed at minimizing the consequences of terrorist attacks.
The Domestic Dimension of Israeli Public Diplomacy
Authors:   Charles University in Prague (the Czech Republic), Pánek Jurková Jitka
Published: October 2018

The paper adds to the body of recent scholarly literature that emphasizes the role of domestic publics in public diplomacy – a field until recently examined with only minor attention to the domestic realm. It suggests conducting an analysis of the domestic dimension of public diplomacy on three levels: individual, organizational, and national. By doing so, we are able to understand in a complex manner the environment from which public diplomacy practice grows, and thus also its specific dynamics. Applying this model of analysis to the case of Israel, the paper describes major domestic factors shaping Israeli public diplomacy: the culture of individual engagement (individual level), the clash of organizational ethea of institutions responsible for public diplomacy (organizational level), and the intertwining of public diplomacy and nation-building (national level). The analysis also allows us to better grasp the dilemma faced by Israeli public diplomacy between efficiency and democratic character
Understanding the Dispute over the Treatment of Products Exported to the European Union from the Occupied Territories in the Context of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
Authors:   University of Wrocław (Poland), J. Chmie Oskar
Published: October 2018

While the European Union (EU) does not recognize any legal Israeli sovereignty over the territories occupied by Israel in 1967, it does not grant preferential access to the EU market for goods produced in the Israeli settlements in this area, contrary to the preferential treatment for goods produced in Israel. This situation is different, however, as regards the United States (U.S.) trade policy, which does not make any distinction between goods produced in Israel and in the Occupied Territories, since it grants the preferential access to both. Furthermore, the currently suspended negotiations of the super-regional trade agreement called the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), spurred the enacting of a law that set the principal negotiating objectives of the U.S. regarding commercial partnerships, which included some provisions to discourage politically motivated economic actions against the State of Israel. As TTIP embraced the free trade agreement between the EU and the U.S., the EU differentiation policy could become problematic for the two partners, which despite the failure of the negotiations, revealed much about economic diplomacy. Consequently, this article attempts to show the different approaches adopted by the two trading powers, in order to deal with the dispute over the treatment of products exported to the EU from the Occupied Territories.
The Diversity of Citizenship of Palestinians and its Impact on their Mobility: Passport and Visa Issues
Authors:   University of Wrocław (Poland), Cesarz Maciej
Published: October 2018

This article explores the formal impact of various citizenships and travel documents held by Palestinians on their freedom to engage in international travel. Based on a theoretical analysis of passports and the global visa regime, it claims that international recognition is not only pre-requisite of statehood but also affects the scope of mobility in cases of citizens of de facto states, including the Palestinian Authority. The research is focused on the following themes: the status of the population holding a Palestinian Authority Passport in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in comparison to Palestinians who are citizens of Israel and carry passports of this state, the exceptional situation of East Jerusalemites as well as the case of Palestinians with Jordanian passports. Visa availability and other formal barriers for international travel are also examined. The argumentation is supported by the analysis of visa restriction indexes referring to the Palestinian Authority and to Israel. The article concludes that the mobility of Palestinians varies to a large extent depending on travel documents held and the recognition of a citizenship and the passport that comes with it is strictly dependent of the recognition of state sovereignty. Although in some cases citizenship can be divorced from the international recognition, the scope of visa-free mobility related to passports is always impaired.
Israeli Identity on the Run: the Quest for a NonNational Position in Contemporary Israeli Literature
Authors:   Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (Israel), Stav Shira
Published: October 2018

My essay discusses a new attempt in young Israeli novels to break out of the suffocation and stagnation of the dominant literary protagonist. The discussion revolves around Ilai Rowner’s recent novel, Deserter (2015), which suggests ‘desertion’ as an option of to overcome nationalized structures of the self and of break new ground for its existence. The protagonist’s escape and a quest for a non-national position are destined to failure, however, reflecting the current state of political consciousness among young Israeli authors, and, I argue, the unthinkability of political exile in contemporary Israeli novels. The discussion presented here follows the renewed interest in Hanna Arendt’s exemplary essay “We Refugees” (1943) in light of the current refugees’ crisis in Europe among scholars such as Giorgio Agamben, Amal Jamal and Itamar Mann. While Agamben develops a phenomenology of being-a-refugee, severing the bond between nation and territory, his work lacks an experiential account of being a refugee. In light of this absence, I argue that Rowner’s protagonist remains blind to the particular identities he encounters, actively erasing the profound differences between deserters and refugees, persecutors and persecuted. While he recognizes the haunted element in him, Rowners’ protagonist’s obliviousness to the specific experiential trappings of his own story effectively sterilizes the novel’s political acuity through the effort to adopt an all-human perspective.
The Hero’s Wife: The Depiction of Female Holocaust Survivors in Israeli Cinema Prior to the Eichmann Trial and in its Aftermath
Authors:   The Open University of Israel (Israel), Steir-Livny Liat
Published: October 2018

Israeli culture in the 1940s and 1950s was dominated by ideological considerations. Zionist films, as other aspects of Eretz-Israel and Israeli culture, distinctively propagated Zionist ideas. As a consequence of their sociopolitical focus, these films neglected the complexities of the relationship between Holocaust survivors and the native Jews in Eretz Israel. Instead, Holocaust survivors were reduced to a homogeneous entity that bore distinct negative connotations. Films depicted female Holocaust survivors as mentally unstable, unfit mothers, and often played up negative sexual stereotypes. In these films, the women were “cured” or went through a process of “purification” thanks to the Zionist establishment. Historical research often cites the trial of Adolf Eichmann (1961) as being a turning point in the Israeli public’s perception of the Holocaust, and its representation in Israeli culture. This article will focus on an analysis of the film The Hero’s Wife (Peter Frye, 1963) that was produced in the aftermath of the trial. It will discuss the innovative representations of this unresearched film and will seek to answer the questions of why, and in what way, its narrative comprises a subversive antithesis to the narrative shaped by Zionist fiction films made prior to the Eichmann trial.
Spirituality review on mental health and psychiatric nursing
Authors: Lavorato Neto Gabriel , Rodrigues Larissa , Silva Diego Alexandre Rozendo da , Turato Egberto Ribeiro , Campos Claudinei José Gomes
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: Gather the concepts, theories and interventions about spirituality, its nature and functions in mental health and psychiatric nursing. Method: A literature review proceeded on February 2016. It has integrated 214 studies published until December 2015 by crossing Spirituality and Psychiatric Nursing mesh terms in databases. Results: Conceptualization about spirituality and religion, their complexity in nursing research, education, and clinical approach; their functions to human being correlated to the purpose of life, transcendental connections, and support in mental health; the professional boundaries in address to spirituality in mental health scenery, and a descriptive literature recommendations and a instruments catalog. Conclusions: Spirituality in nursing mental health and psychiatry remains a theoretical problem, and has a clinical mischaracterized approach; recently publications try to promote a human and holistic trend in the practice, as a challenge to lead the current circumstances to valid nursing bases.
Contribution of transference to the psychiatric nursing process
Authors: Badin Murielle , Toledo Vanessa Pellegrino , Garcia Ana Paula Rigon Francischetti
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the contribution of the concept of transference to the application of the nursing process in the care of patients with psychical suffering. Method: Theoretical study, structured from the following question: Is it possible to develop the nursing process in the care of patients with psychical suffering by using transference? Result: The patient is considered as a subject of the unconscious and has a demand he/she is unaware of. Discussion: The transference guides the nursing process and favors the elaboration of what has no meaning in the symptom. Final considerations: As an implication for practice, the nursing process will articulate the transference function through the nursing diagnosis, which will promote the capture of subsidies for the planning and implementation of care, in which the purpose will be the symbolization of the symptom. To highlight speech as a means to therapeutic relation will offer the patients the condition to dictate the pace of articulation between their signifiers, which will dynamically temporalize the process.
Nursing care to people admitted in emergency for attempted suicide
Authors: Fontão Mayara Cristine , Rodrigues Jeferson , Lino Monica Motta , Lino Murielk Motta , Kempfer Silvana Silveira
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the nursing care to people admitted in emergency for attempted suicide in the perception of the nursing staff. Method: descriptive and exploratory study, of qualitative approach, developed from semi-structured interviews with eight nurses and eight nursing technicians of the emergency service of a University Hospital in south Brazil. Data analysis was performed through content analysis. Results: three categories emerged: nursing care to the person who attempted suicide; the adult emergency service as a scenario of mental health practices; and permanent education-related needs in mental health Final considerations: initiatives capable to potentialize good practices in mental health care are still incipient and lack encouragement in the health service. There is an urgent need to think about changes in the care culture of the emergency service, especially to ensure the scope of psychosocial care actions.
Care for families after suicide loss: nursing academic experience
Authors: Silva Lucía , Afonso Beatriz Quirino , Santos Maiara Rodrigues dos , Baliza Michelle Freire , Rossato Lisabelle Mariano , Szylit Regina
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand how the nursing academics experience the process of taking care of bereaved families after a suicide loss, to identify the meanings of the experience and to build a theoretical model. Method: Qualitative study that used symbolic interactionism and grounded theory. Open interviews were held with 16 nursing academics. Data were analyzed according to the constant comparative method. Results: The phenomenon seeking his/her own restoration to help the bereaved family to move on is represented by the theoretical model composed by the categories: facing the tragedy in the family, evaluating the caring scenario, mobilizing his/her internal resources, performing the care and reflecting on the repercussions of the experience. Final considerations: The process represents efforts undertaken by students in the pursuit of the family’s restoration to provide the best care toward them, through embracement, listening, sensitivity and flexibility, so it creates opportunities for the family to strengthen and plan their future.