bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bipolar hip arthroplasty in geriatric patients using a conjoined tendon-preserving posterior approach
Authors: Tetsunaga Tomonori , Tetsunaga Tomoko , Yamada Kazuki , Sanki Tomoaki , Kawamura Yoshi , Ozaki Toshifumi
Published: May 2020

Background

In bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA), it is important to preserve soft tissue to reduce the risk of postoperative dislocation. While a variety of surgical approaches have been reported recently, extra care is needed with muscle- and tendon-preserving approaches in geriatric patients due to the fragility of their soft tissue. We investigated the usefulness of BHA using a conjoined tendon-preserving posterior (CPP) approach, which only dissects the external obturator muscle, in geriatric patients.
Methods

This retrospective study included 40 femoral neck fracture patients (10 men, 30 women) aged ≥ 80 years who underwent BHA using the CPP approach. The average age of the subjects was 85.8 years (80–94 years). We examined operation time, bleeding, preservation of short external rotator muscles, complications, and stem alignment and subsidence from postoperative radiographs.
Results

Although, gemellus inferior muscle injury was detected in 4 patients (10%), hip joint stability was very excellent in all cases. There was no intraoperative fracture and postoperative dislocation. On postoperative radiographs, all femoral stems were in a neutral position. There was no stem subsidence in all the patients.
Conclusions

BHA using the CPP approach was not associated with postoperative dislocation and appeared to be useful even in geriatric patients with soft tissue fragility.
Biomechanical Analysis of Canine Medial Patellar Luxation with Femoral Varus Deformity Using a Computer Model
Authors: Lee Jiyun , Sim Heedong , Jeong Jaemin , DVM Sun-Young Kim , Yang Seokjo , Jeong SeongMok , Lee Haebeom
Published: May 2020

Background: Femoral varus deformities complicating the realignment of the quadriceps muscles are frequently associated with medial patellar luxation (MPL) in dogs. Therefore, distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) is recommended in dogs affected with severe MPL and a distal femoral varus deformity. The presence of an anatomic lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA) of ≥ 102° has been anecdotally recommended as an indication for performing corrective DFO in large-breed dogs. However, the effect of a femoral varus deformity on MPL has not been scientifically evaluated. We aimed to evaluate the influence of a femoral varus deformity on MPL using a computer model. Three-dimensionally reconstructed computed tomographic images of a normal femur from a Beagle dog were deformed using meshing software to create distal varus deformities. A total of thirteen aLDFAs, including 95°, 98° and 100°–110°, were simulated. The patellar positions and reaction force between the patella and trochlear grooves were calculated for all finite element models under constant rectus femoris muscle activation.Results: The patella was displaced medially from the trochlear groove at an aLDFA of ≥103°. With an aLDFA of 103° to 110°, the reaction force was equal to zero and then decreased to negative values during the simulation, while other models with aLDFAs of 95°, 98°, and 100°-102° had positive reaction force values. The patella began to luxate at 24.90 seconds (sec) with an aLDFA of 103°, 19.80 sec with an aLDFA of 104°, 21.40 sec with an aLDFA of 105°, 20.10 sec with an aLDFA of 106°, 18.60 sec with an aLDFA of 107°, 15.30 sec with an aLDFA of 108°, 16.60 sec with an aLDFA of 109°, and 11.90 sec with an aLDFA of 110°.Conclusion: Severe distal femoral varus with an aLDFA of ≥103° caused MPL when other anatomical factors were controlled. This simplified model provides evidence that a large aLDFA is a risk factor for patellar luxation, so the authors recommend the use of this factor as a clinical indication for DFO.
MicroRNA-195 Prevents Hippocampal Microglial Polarization Towards The M1 Phenotype Induced By Chronic Brain Hypoperfusion Through Regulating CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Signalling
Authors: Mao Meng , Xu Yi , Zhang Xin-Yu , Yang Lin , An Xiao-bin , Qu Yang , Chai Ya-ni , Wang Yan-Ru , Li Ting-ting , Ai Jing
Published: May 2020

Background Microglial polarization was found respond dynamically to acute brain hypoxia induced by stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, studies on the process of microglial polarization during chronic cerebral ischaemia (CCI) are limited. Our goal is to investigate the influence of CCI on microglial polarization following chronic brain hypoperfusion (CBH) and exploit potential molecular mechanisms.Methods CBH model was performed by bilateral carotid artery ligation (2VO) in rats. Using stereotaxic injection technique, lenti-pre-miR-195 and anti-miR-195 oligonucleotide fragments (lenti-pre-AMO-195) were injeted into CA1 region of the hippocampus to construct animal models with high or low expression of miR-195. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry were conducted to examine the status of microglial polarization. In vitro, Transwell co-culture system was taken to investigate the role of miR-195 on neuronal-microglial communication through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signalling. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the level of miR-195 and inflammatory factors. The protein levels of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 were evaluated by both western blot and immunofluorescence staining.Results CBH induced by 2VO initiated microglial activation in the rat hippocampus from 1 week to 8 weeks, as evaluated by increased Iba-1 immunofluorescence, that the balance between microglial polarization towards the M1 and M2 phenotypes was shifted towards the M1 phenotype and that the expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 was increased at 8 w following CBH. An in vitro study in a Transwell co-culture system demonstrated that transfection of either primary cultured neonatal rat neurons (NRNs) or microglial BV2 cells with AMO-195 induced M1 polarization of BV2 cells and increased CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression and that these effects were reversed by miR-195 mimics. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-195 induced by lenti-pre-miR-195 prevented the changes triggered by knockdown of endogenous miR-195 induced by lentiviral vector-mediated expression of lenti-pre-AMO-195 and 2VO surgery.Conclusions Our findings conclude that downregulation of miR-195 in the hippocampus is involved in CBH-induced microglial polarization towards M1 phenotype by governing communication between neurons and microglia through the regulation of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 signalling. This indicates that miR-195 may provide a new strategy for clinical prevention and treatment of CBH.
Evaluation and Identification of Morphological Characters Suitable for Delimitation of Taraxacum Species Distributed in Northeastern China
Authors: WU Jie , Liu Qun , Ning Wei , Cao Wei , Xing Yanping , Li Ran , Li Yuefei
Published: May 2020

Background The genus Taraxacum F.H. Wigg. (fam. Compositae, subfam. Liguliflorae) includes about 300 species globally. Seventy-nine are widely distributed throughout China, mostly in southwestern and northwestern regions. The genus has adopted different reproductive strategies, and there is weak reproductive isolation and differentiation between species. Unresolved species boundaries make classification and identification of Taraxacum species is difficult. Taraxacum germplasm resources in northeastern China are not current and therefore, do not accurately reflect actual distribution. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological traits of Taraxacum species distributed in northeastern China and identify those that will facilitate classification of Taraxacum species in this region.Methods Leaf, flower, and achene characteristics of 18 species were used for morphological classification. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine pollen morphology. Leaf extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography to measure the caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and luteolin content. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were used to determine the sequence pairwise differences among the species and their utility in delimitation.Results The taxa were classified into groups based on morphology. Beak length to achene length ratio was a new taxonomically informative morphological trait for delimitation. The ITS sequence analysis supported the classification of the taxa, but genetic distances among the taxa did not reflect morphological differences. Phylogenetic analysis resolved the eighteen species into three groups. Group I: T. coreanum, (which has white flowers). Group Ⅱ: T. heterolepis, T. sinomongolicum, T. variegatum, T. asiaticum, T. lonchophyllum, T. falcilobum, T. brassicaefolium, and T. erythropodium. Group Ⅲ: T. formosanum, T. liaotungense, T. mongolicum, T. borealisinense, T. ohwianum, T. platypecidum, T. urbanum, T. antungense, T. asiaticum, and T. junpeianum. The chemical composition of the species is not suitable for their delimitation; T. antungense is a potential medicinal plant with therapeutic properties since it had the highest concentration of phytochemicals.Conclusions This study completes the classification and delimitation of the Taraxacum germplasm resources present in northeastern China and supplements the "Flora of China". The study thus provides information that will help to further develop Taraxacum medicinal resources and regulate Taraxacum medicinal use in traditional Chinese medicine.
Characterization of Bordetella Bronchiseptica Isolated from Rabbits in Fujian, China
Authors: Wang Jinxiang , Sun Shikun , Chen Yanfeng , Chen Dongjin , Sang Lei , Xie Xiping
Published: May 2020

Background Bordetella bronchiseptica can infect many animal species, and is a potential zoonotic pathogen that can also infect humans. In rabbits, infection of B. bronchiseptica is associated with respiratory disease, which causes economic losses to the rabbit farming. Fujian Province is a traditional importance rabbit farming area in China. However, no literature about the epidemiology and characteristics of B. bronchiseptica in rabbits in Fujian Province has been reported.Results A total of 219 B. bronchiseptica isolates were recovered from the 833 lung samples of dead rabbits with respiratory disease. The 219 isolates were typed into 11 sequence types (STs) including 5 known STs (ST6, ST10, ST12, ST14 and ST33) and 6 new STs (ST88, ST89, ST90, ST91, ST92 and ST93) by using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Surprisingly, all the 219 isolates carried the 5 virulence genes of fhaB, prn, cyaA, dnt and bteA in the PCR screening. Moreover, the isolates resistance to cefixime, ceftizoxime, cefatriaxone and ampicillin were detected, and the resistance rates to the 4 kinds of drug were 33.33, 31.05, 11.87 and 3.20%, respectively.Conclusions In the present study, we showed for the first time that B. bronchiseptica is widespread in rabbits in Fujian Province, and that B. bronchiseptica is an important pathogen associating with respiratory disease in rabbits in Fujian Province. Moreover, it should be alert to the potential occurrence of transmission events between rabbits and humans because the B. bronchiseptica strain of ST12 that can infect humans were also isolated from rabbits in Fujian Province.
Genomic landscape of the immune microenvironments of brain metastases in breast cancer
Authors: Lu Wei-cheng , Xie Hui , Yuan Ce , Li Jin-jiang , Li Zhao-yang , Wu Anhua
Published: May 2020

Background
This study was intended to investigate the genomic landscape of the immune microenvironments of brain metastases in breast cancer.
Methods
Three gene expression profile datasets (GSE76714, GSE125989 and GSE43837) of breast cancer with brain metastases were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After differential expression analysis, the tumor immune microenvironment and immune cell infiltration were analyzed. Then immune-related genes were identified, followed by function analysis, transcription factor (TF)-miRNA-mRNA co-regulatory network analysis, and survival analysis of metastatic recurrence.
Results
The present results showed that the tumor immune microenvironment in brain metastases was immunosuppressed compared with primary caner. Compared with primary cancer samples, the infiltration ratio of plasma cells in brain metastases samples was significantly higher, while the infiltration ratio of macrophages M2 cells in brain metastases samples was significantly lower. Total 42 immune-related genes were identified, such as THY1 and NEU2. CD1B and THY1 were found to be implicated in the metastatic recurrence of breast cancer.
Conclusions
Targeting macrophages or plasma cells may be new strategies for immunotherapy of breast cancer with brain metastases. THY1 and NEU2 may be potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer with brain metastases, and THY1 and CD1B may serve as potential prognostic markers for improvement of brain metastases survival.
Does euthyroid mean healthy? Effect of restoration of thyroid function on body composition, insulin resistance and visfatin concentrations in women with hypo- and hyperthyroidism.
Authors: Sawicka-Gutaj Nadia , Zybek-Kocik Ariadna , Kloska Michał , Czarnywojtek Agata , Ziolkowska Paulina , Sowiński Jerzy , Mańkowska-Wierzbicka Dorota , Ruchala Marek
Published: May 2020

Background

We aimed to investigate the effect of restoration of euthyroidism on serum visfatin in severe thyroid dysfunction, and its associations with insulin resistance and body composition.
Methods

This was an observational study with consecutive enrollment. We included females newly diagnosed with overt hypo- or hyperthyroidism caused by autoimmune thyroid diseases. Laboratory parameters and body composition analysis were assessed before and after the therapy.
Results

Initially, 105 females were enrolled: 49 hyperthyroid (median age of 34 years) and 44 hypothyroid (median age of 46) completed the study. In the hyperthyroid group, visfatin levels increased (< 0.0001), while glucose levels decreased (< 0.0001). Total body mass and fat mass in the trunk and limbs significantly increased during the treatment. In the hypothyroid group, significant weight loss resulted from decrease of fat and muscle masses in trunk and limbs. Visfatin serum concentrations positively correlated with total fat mass(r = 0.19,p = 0.01) and insulin levels(r = 0.17,p = 0.0.18).
Conclusions

We may conclude that restoration of thyroid function is not associated with beneficial changes in body composition, especially among hyperthyroid females, reflected by the significant increase of fat mass followed by the increase of circulating visfatin concentrations.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthopedic surgical practice: international study
Authors: Meraghni Nadhir , Bouyoucef Hichem , Benkaidali Riad , Hamza Amine
Published: May 2020

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical practice in orthopedic units.Methods An online survey was sent by e-mail to orthopedic surgeons practicing in different parts of the world.Results This study showed that orthopedic surgery plan management was adapted to respond more effectively to the COVOD-19 pandemic while maintaining the continuity of health care and ensuring protection of medical staff and patients. Among the introduced measures, elective surgery was postponed to free-up beds for suspected or COVID-19 positive patients requiring hospitalization.Additionally, the number of outpatient visits was considerably decreased and non-urgent visits were postponed to reduce the flow of patients in and out of hospitals and therefore minimize the risk of contamination.Interestingly, data revealed the willingness of orthopedic surgeons to take care of COVID-19 positive patients and support their colleagues in intensive care units, if needed.Conclusions Though, orthopedic surgeons are not in the frontline, they have an important role to play to face the increasing pressure due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on these findings, publication of international orthopedic practice guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic would be of great benefit to health practitioners in general and orthopedic surgeons in particular.
Mathematical Modeling to Estimate the Reproductive Number and the Outbreak Size of COVID-19: The case of India and the World
Authors: Sinha Durgesh Nandini
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic with more than 218,000 deaths in 211 different countries around the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for this deadliest disease. This paper describes a mathematical model for India, a country with the second highest population in the world with an extremely high population density of about 464 people per km2. This disease has multiphasic actions and reaction mode and our model SEIAQIm is based on six compartmental groups in the form of susceptible, exposed, infectious, asymptomatic, quarantine, and recovered immune factions. Latin Hypercube Sampling Partial Rank Correlation Coefficient method was used for the data analysis and model fitting. According to our model, India would reach its basic reproduction number R0=0.97 on May 14, 2020 with a total number of 73,800 estimated cases. Further, this study also equates the world's situation using the same model system and predicts by May 7, 2020 with a total number of 3,772,000 estimated confirmed cases. Moreover, the current mathematical model highlights the importance of social distancing as an effective method of containing spread of COVID-19.
Treatment with Calcium Chloride Enhances Water Deficit Stress Tolerance in Viola (Viola cornuta)
Authors: Park Suejin , Moon Youyoun , Waterland Nicole L.
Published: May 2020

Water deficit stress can reduce the postproduction shelf life and marketability of floriculture crops. To alleviate the damage by water deficiency, plants need to limit transpirational water loss by inducing stomatal closure. Osmotic stress induces stomatal closure like the response to water deficit stress. It could be used as a convenient tool to enhance water deficit stress tolerance by reducing water loss. The objective of this research was to investigate whether osmotic treatment with a high concentration of chemical solutions could trigger a response to osmotic stress so that stomatal closure can be induced, resulting in enhanced water deficit stress tolerance in viola (Viola cornuta ‘Sorbet XP Yellow’). Osmotic treatments with CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, NaCl, NaNO3, BaCl2, Ba(NO3)2, and mannitol were applied at the osmotic potentials (ψS) of −1.3 and −2.0 MPa. Chemical treatments [except Ca(NO3)2, NaCl, and mannitol] helped to delay wilting and gave a longer shelf life, up to 5.2 days over that of the control, 2.5 days. However, leaf necrosis was observed on the violas treated with NaCl, NaNO3, BaCl2, Ba(NO3)2, and mannitol. CaCl2 was the most effective agent in delaying wilting under water deficit stress in viola without leaf necrosis. Compared with the control, violas treated with CaCl2 at 200 and 300 mm showed an increase in shelf life by 2.6 and 1.2 days, respectively. Stomatal conductance (gS) was reduced within 4 hours after treatment with CaCl2 compared with that of control violas. Leaf relative water content (RWC) of control violas was dramatically reduced 3 days after treatment and fell below 50% on day 4, while CaCl2-treated violas maintained higher leaf RWC (70% to 81%) during the water deficit period. These results indicated that osmotic treatment with the high concentration of CaCl2 caused stomatal closure, resulting in a reduction of water loss and an extension of shelf life under water deficit stress in viola.
Impact of rainfall properties on the performance of hydrological models for green roofs simulation
Authors: Mobilia Mirka , Longobardi Antonia
Published: May 2020

Green roofs (GR) are effective tools for the mitigation of the negative hydrological impact linked to uncontrolled urbanization. Models for runoff response of vegetated covers support planning decisions about the use of this technology in ever-expanding areas, but there is still large uncertainty in this research area. The goal of the present study was to define the accuracy of three selected models for the simulation of the hydrological behavior of a GR, with a particular focus on the precipitation pattern characteristics. The Nash cascade model, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), and HYDRUS-1D models were selected. Each model was calibrated over 24 rainfall-runoff events collected at the experimental site located in Southern Italy. Rainfall events were characterized using several criteria and were divided into convective, stratiform, and tropical precipitation types according to the shape of the rainfall profile identified by the rainfall binary shape code. The models returned overall satisfactory performances with average Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency index of 0.65 for the SWMM and HYDRUS and 0.73 for the Nash model. In general, the models were better performing for stratiform and tropical events. SWMM and HYDRUS predicted with higher accuracy the convective events while the Nash model appeared more suitable for stratiform events.
Design of an integration platform between the water-energy nexus and a business model applied for sustainable development
Authors: Mosalam Heba Ahmed , El-Barad Mohamed
Published: May 2020

Setting out an international standard schema for the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus and providing accurate data with realistic reports for investment through a simple application is essential for our real world. This research presents a tool to help anyone who wants to invest in environmental projects, especially water, energy, or food projects. The user can directly connect to a database of environmental data applying WEF nexus principles. This paper is looking for a mechanism to apply the WEF nexus concept through a web-based platform implementing unified concepts and terminology, setting basic criteria and standards, and making the data available, consistent, and homogeneous. Based on the problem statement, the purpose of this research is to implement a cross-application for sustainable development, including WEF nexus concepts, taking into consideration the interlinkage between the three resources integrated with a business model or financial study for projects. In addition, we have determined organizational perspectives of WEF nexus, including government entities, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector, and consolidated all the concepts into one set of WEF standards. Increasing the awareness of WEF nexus will help to establish a new generation of researchers who believe in the WEF nexus concepts and who will coordinate with developers and expert consultants to convert the WEF standards to programming coding.
Konferencja Wędrówki kultu relikwii w I tysiącleciu
Authors: Łaptaś Magdalena
Published: May 2020

Sprawozdanie z Ogólnopolskiej konferencji naukowej poświęconej kultowi relikwii, która odbyła się 18 listopada 2014 r. na Uniwersytecie Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie.

Revue report from the national conference “organized on 18th of November 2014 at the Kardinal Stefan Wyszyński Uniwersity in Warsaw, dedicated to the devotion for holy relics.
Effective Delivery of Nef-MPER-V3 Fusion Protein Using LDP12 Cell Penetrating Peptide for Development of Preventive/Therapeutic HIV-1 Vaccine
Authors: Sabaghzadeh Sahar , Sadat Seyed Mehdi , Rohollah Fatemeh , Bolhassani Azam
Published: May 2020

Background:

There is no effective and safe preventive/therapeutics vaccine against
HIV-1 worldwide. Different viral proteins such as Nef, and two regions of Env including; variable
loop of gp120 (V3) and membrane proximal external region of gp41 (MPER) are particularly
important for vaccine development in different strategies and they are also the primary targets of
cellular and humoral immune responses. On the other side, LDP12 is a new cell-penetrating
peptide (CPP) which is capable of therapeutic application and cargoes delivery across the cellular
membrane.

Objective:

In current study, we designed and produced Nef-MPER-V3 fusion protein harboring LDP12
that has the capability of being used in future vaccine studies.

Methods:

The CPP-protein was expressed in E. coli Rosseta (DE3) strain and purified through
Ni-NTA column. Characterization of cellular delivery and toxicity of the recombinant protein were
evaluated by western blotting and MTT assay.

Results:

Our results showed that the CPP-protein was successfully expressed and purified with
high yield of 5 mg/L. Furthermore, non-cytotoxic effect was observed and specific band (~ 37
KDa) in western blotting indicated the capability of LDP12 to improve the rate of penetration into
HEK-293T cells in comparison with a control sample.

Conclusion:

Altogether, the data indicated that LDP12 CPP could be utilized to internalize HIV-1
Nef-MPER-V3 protein into eukaryotic cell lines without any toxicity and represented a valuable
potential vaccine candidate and this guarantees the further evaluation towards the assessment of its
immunogenicity in mice, which is currently under process.
Structural Insights into the Molecular Design of ROS1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Adhikary Ritu , Khandelwal Ravina , Hussain Tajamul , Nayarisseri Anuraj , Singh Sanjeev K.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) alone is the leading cause of deaths
worldwide. ROS1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), eminently recognized as the stereotyped oncogenic
driver. These RTKs trigger an array of physiological regulations via cellular signal transduction
pathways, which are crucial for cancer development. This attributed ROS1 as an appealing and potential
target towards the targeted cancer therapy. The present research aims to propound out an effective
contemporary inhibitor for targeting ROS1 with a high affinity.

Methods:

Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) provided a flexible docking platform to find out the bestestablished
drug as an inhibitor for targeting ROS1. A similarity search was accomplished against the
PubChem database to acquire the corresponding inhibitor compounds regarding the Entrectinib (Pub-
Chem ID: 25141092). These compounds were docked to procure the high-affinity inhibitor for the target
protein via virtual screening. A comparative study between the control molecule (PubChem ID:
25141092)and the virtual screened compound(PubChem ID-25175866) was performed for the relative
analysis of their salient features, which involved pharmacophore mapping, ADMET profiling, and
BOILED-Egg plot.

Results:

The virtual screened compound (PubChem ID-25175866) possesses the lowest rerank score
(-126.623), and the comparative ADMET analysis also shows that it is a potential and effective inhibitor
for ROS1 among the selected inhibitors.

Conclusion:

The present study provided a scope for the ROS1 inhibitor as significant prevention for nonsmall
cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It can be upheld for future studies as a promising support via in vivo studies.
Sphingosine Analogs and Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy: A Mini Systematic Review
Authors: Mayerhofer Thomas , Jha Rajesh Kumar
Published: May 2020

Background:

Regulation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) plays an important role in hematologic
and solid neoplasms. Therefore, the use of sphingosine analogs as anti-neoplastic drugs has
shown potential due to their role as PP2A activators.

Objective:

Investigation of whether sphingosine analogs bind to endogenous inhibitor proteins of
PP2A, such as I2 PP2A/SET and/or CIP2A, and whether this binding reactivates PP2A, allowing it to resume
its role as a tumor suppressor.

Methods:

Literature from the PubMed database was searched and those articles related to PP2A and
sphingosine analogs were reviewed.

Results:

Utilization of sphingosine analogs in hematologic and solid neoplasms revealed numerous
mechanisms of inducing cell death. Regulation of PP2A through modulation of I2
PP2A/SET and/or
CIP2A was demonstrated in a variety of neoplastic processes; however, unique mechanisms such as
cell necrosis via the production of reactive oxygen species was also appreciated.

Conclusion:

Only certain malignancies expressed endogenous inhibitor proteins, yet sphingosine analogs
were able to induce cell death in neoplasms that did not express these proteins. This suggests that
sphingosine analogs may be utilized for anti-neoplastic therapy via reactivation of PP2A however, it
is not the exclusive mechanism for inducing cell death. Further investigation of sphingosine analogs
as a novel or adjunctive chemotherapeutic treatment is warranted.
Recensie van: Brussel. De oorlog herdacht (1914-2014) / Laurence Van Ypersele, Emmanuel Debruyne & Chantal Kesteloot
Authors: Verdoodt Frans-Jos
Published: May 2020

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Pengembangan bahan ajar teks PPKn berbasis discovery learning untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan warga negara siswa sekolah menengah atas
Authors: Marlina Lina , Untari Aryanti Dwi
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar melalui buku Teks PPKn untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan warga negara yang berbasis discovery learning penelitian pengembangan ini melalui pembuatan desain awal bahan ajar, pengujian ahli, revisi sesuai saran dan kritik para ahli, pengujian skala terbatas, serta revisi sesuai hasil uji skala terbatas. Uji skala terbatas dilakukan pada siswa kelas XI SMA Maulana Yusuf Kota Serang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Metode ini digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk tertentu dan menguji keefektivan produk tersebut, dengan menggunakan tiga tahapan meliputi 1) model pengembangan, 2) prosedur pengembangan, 3) uji coba produk, dan prosedur pengembangan yang akan ditempuh merujuk pada prosedur pengembangan yang dilakukan oleh borg dan gall yaitu pengembangan pembelajaran mini (mini course). Hasil akhir penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi kontribusi bahan ajar berupa buku teks PPKn kelas XI agar pada saat proses pembelajaran siswa dapat dengan mudah menyerap materi agar kompetensi siswa di bidang pengetahuan warga negara dapat meningkat.-----This study aims to develop teaching materials through the PPKn Textbook to increase citizen knowledge based on discovery learning. This research development through the initial design of teaching materials, expert testing, revisions according to expert suggestions and criticisms, limited-scale testing, and revisions according to test results limited scale. The limited scale test conducted on the tenth-grade students of Maulana Yusuf High School in Serang City. This research uses research and development methods. This method is used to produce specific products and test the effectiveness of these products, using three stages, including 1) development models, 2) development procedures, 3) product trials, and development procedures to be adopted refer to the development procedures carried out by Borg and Gall. Namely, the development of mini learning (mini-courses). The final results of this study expected to provide information on the contribution of teaching materials in the form of class XI PPKn textbooks so that during the learning process, students can easily absorb material so that students' competencies in the field of citizen knowledge can increase.
Зависимость электронной структуры графеновой наноленты от концентрации адсорбированных частиц
Authors: Давыдов С.Ю.
Published: May 2020

Abstract The effect of the indirect exchange of particles adsorbed on a graphene nanoribbon on the width of the induced energy gap and the effective mass of carriers is studied. Analytical dependences of these characteristics on the concentration of adparticles, the adsorbate–substrate binding energy, and the energy level of the adsorbed particle are obtained.
Spelling Errors and Shouting Capitalization Lead to Additive Penalties to Trustworthiness of Online Health Information: Randomized Experiment With Laypersons
Authors: Witchel Harry J , Thompson Georgina A , Jones Christopher I , Westling Carina E I , Romero Juan , Nicotra Alessia , Maag Bruno , Critchley Hugo D
Published: May 2020

Background

The written format and literacy competence of screen-based texts can interfere with the perceived trustworthiness of health information in online forums, independent of the semantic content. Unlike in professional content, the format in unmoderated forums can regularly hint at incivility, perceived as deliberate rudeness or casual disregard toward the reader, for example, through spelling errors and unnecessary emphatic capitalization of whole words (online shouting).

Objective

This study aimed to quantify the comparative effects of spelling errors and inappropriate capitalization on ratings of trustworthiness independently of lay insight and to determine whether these changes act synergistically or additively on the ratings.

Methods

In web-based experiments, 301 UK-recruited participants rated 36 randomized short stimulus excerpts (in the format of information from an unmoderated health forum about multiple sclerosis) for trustworthiness using a semantic differential slider. A total of 9 control excerpts were compared with matching error-containing excerpts. Each matching error-containing excerpt included 5 instances of misspelling, or 5 instances of inappropriate capitalization (shouting), or a combination of 5 misspelling plus 5 inappropriate capitalization errors. Data were analyzed in a linear mixed effects model.

Results

The mean trustworthiness ratings of the control excerpts ranged from 32.59 to 62.31 (rating scale 0-100). Compared with the control excerpts, excerpts containing only misspellings were rated as being 8.86 points less trustworthy, those containing inappropriate capitalization were rated as 6.41 points less trustworthy, and those containing the combination of misspelling and capitalization were rated as 14.33 points less trustworthy (P<.001 for all). Misspelling and inappropriate capitalization show an additive effect.

Conclusions

Distinct indicators of incivility independently and additively penalize the perceived trustworthiness of online text independently of lay insight, eliciting a medium effect size.
Associations Between Parent Self-Reported and Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Children: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: de Brito Junia N , Loth Katie A , Tate Allan , Berge Jerica M
Published: May 2020

Background

Retrospective self-report questionnaires are the most common method for assessing physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in children when the use of objective assessment methods (eg, accelerometry) is cost prohibitive. However, self-report measures have limitations (eg, recall bias). The use of real-time, mobile ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been proposed to address these shortcomings. The study findings will provide useful information for researchers interested in using EMA surveys for measuring PA and SB in children, particularly when reported by a parent or caregiver.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the associations between the parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB and accelerometer-measured sedentary time (ST), light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous–intensity PA (MVPA) and to examine if these associations differed by day of week, sex, and season.

Methods

A total of 140 parent-child dyads (mean child age 6.4 years, SD 0.8; n=66 girls; n=21 African American; n=24 American Indian; n=25 Hispanic/Latino; n=24 Hmong; n=22 Somali; and n=24 white) participated in this study. During an 8-day period, parents reported child PA and SB via multiple daily signal contingent EMA surveys, and children wore a hip-mounted accelerometer to objectively measure ST, LPA, and MVPA. Accelerometer data was matched to the time period occurring before parent EMA-report of child PA and SB. Generalized estimating equations with interaction-term analyses were performed to determine whether the relationship between parent-EMA report of child PA and SB and accelerometer-measured ST and LPA and MVPA outcomes differed by day of the week, sex and season.

Results

The parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB was strongly associated with accelerometer-measured ST, LPA, and MVPA. The parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA was stronger during the weekend than on weekdays for accelerometer-measured ST (P≤.001) and LPA (P<.001). For the parent’s EMA report of their child’s SB, strong associations were observed with accelerometer-measured ST (P<.001), LPA (P=.005), and MVPA (P=.008). The findings related to sex-interaction terms indicated that the association between the parent-reported child’s PA via EMA and the accelerometer-measured MVPA was stronger for boys than girls (P=.02). The association between the parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB and accelerometer-measured ST and PA was similar across seasons in this sample (all P values >.31).

Conclusions

When the use of accelerometry-based methods is not feasible and in contexts where the parent is able to spend more proximate time observing the child’s PA and SB, the parent’s EMA report might be a superior method for measuring PA and SB in young children relative to self-report, given the EMA’s strong associations with accelerometer-measured PA and ST.
The Adaptive Behavioral Components (ABC) Model for Planning Longitudinal Behavioral Technology-Based Health Interventions: A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Young Sean D
Published: May 2020

A growing number of interventions incorporate digital and social technologies (eg, social media, mobile phone apps, and wearable devices) into their design for behavior change. However, because of a number of factors, including changing trends in the use of technology over time, results on the efficacy of these interventions have been mixed. An updated framework is needed to help researchers better plan behavioral technology interventions by anticipating the needed resources and potential changes in trends that may affect interventions over time. Focusing on the domain of health interventions as a use case, we present the Adaptive Behavioral Components (ABC) model for technology-based behavioral interventions. ABC is composed of five components: basic behavior change; intervention, or problem-focused characteristics; population, social, and behavioral characteristics; individual-level and personality characteristics; and technology characteristics. ABC was designed with the goals of (1) guiding high-level development for digital technology–based interventions; (2) helping interventionists consider, plan for, and adapt to potential barriers that may arise during longitudinal interventions; and (3) providing a framework to potentially help increase the consistency of findings among digital technology intervention studies. We describe the planning of an HIV prevention intervention as a case study for how to implement ABC into intervention design. Using the ABC model to plan future interventions might help to improve the design of and adherence to longitudinal behavior change intervention protocols; allow these interventions to adapt, anticipate, and prepare for changes that may arise over time; and help to potentially improve intervention behavior change outcomes. Additional research is needed on the influence of each of ABC’s components to help improve intervention design and implementation.
The Development of a Practical Artificial Intelligence Tool for Diagnosing and Evaluating Autism Spectrum Disorder: Multicenter Study
Authors: Chen Tao , Chen Ye , Yuan Mengxue , Gerstein Mark , Li Tingyu , Liang Huiying , Froehlich Tanya , Lu Long
Published: May 2020

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with an unknown etiology. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to improving outcomes for patients with ASD. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) has been widely used in clinics to facilitate the diagnosis of brain diseases such as brain tumors. However, sMRI is less frequently used to investigate neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as ASD, owing to the subtle, if any, anatomical changes of the brain.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the possibility of identifying structural patterns in the brain of patients with ASD as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and evaluation of ASD in clinics.

Methods

We developed a novel 2-level histogram-based morphometry (HBM) classification framework in which an algorithm based on a 3D version of the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) was used to extract features from sMRI data. We applied this framework to distinguish patients with ASD from healthy controls using 4 datasets from the second edition of the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange, including the ETH Zürich (ETH), NYU Langone Medical Center: Sample 1, Oregon Health and Science University, and Stanford University (SU) sites. We used a stratified 10-fold cross-validation method to evaluate the model performance, and we applied the Naive Bayes approach to identify the predictive ASD-related brain regions based on classification contributions of each HOG feature.

Results

On the basis of the 3D HOG feature extraction method, our proposed HBM framework achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of >0.75 in each dataset, with the highest AUC of 0.849 in the ETH site. We compared the 3D HOG algorithm with the original 2D HOG algorithm, which showed an accuracy improvement of >4% in each dataset, with the highest improvement of 14% (6/42) in the SU site. A comparison of the 3D HOG algorithm with the scale-invariant feature transform algorithm showed an AUC improvement of >18% in each dataset. Furthermore, we identified ASD-related brain regions based on the sMRI images. Some of these regions (eg, frontal gyrus, temporal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, postcentral gyrus, precuneus, caudate, and hippocampus) are known to be implicated in ASD in prior neuroimaging literature. We also identified less well-known regions that may play unrecognized roles in ASD and be worth further investigation.

Conclusions

Our research suggested that it is possible to identify neuroimaging biomarkers that can distinguish patients with ASD from healthy controls based on the more cost-effective sMRI images of the brain. We also demonstrated the potential of applying data-driven artificial intelligence technology in the clinical setting of neurological and psychiatric disorders, which usually harbor subtle anatomical changes in the brain that are often invisible to the human eye.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of an Extended Planned Risk Information Seeking Model on Mental Health Among College Students: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Niu Zhaomeng , Willoughby Jessica Fitts , Mei Jing , Li Shaochun , Hu Pengwei
Published: May 2020

Background

Approximately 42.5 million adults have been affected by mental illness in the United States in 2013, and 173 million people have been affected by a diagnosable psychiatric disorder in China. An increasing number of people tend to seek health information on the Web, and it is important to understand the factors associated with individuals’ mental health information seeking. Identifying factors associated with mental health information seeking may influence the disease progression of potential patients.

Objective

This study aimed to test the planned risk information seeking model (PRISM) in China and the United States with a chronic disease, mental illness, and two additional factors, ie, media use and cultural identity, among college students.

Methods

Data were collected in both countries using the same online survey through a survey management program (Qualtrics). In China, college instructors distributed the survey link among university students, and it was also posted on a leading social media site called Sina Weibo. In the United States, the data were collected in a college-wide survey pool in a large Northwestern university.

Results

The final sample size was 235 for the Chinese sample and 241 for the US sample. Media use was significantly associated with mental health information–seeking intentions in the Chinese sample (P<.001), and cultural identity was significantly associated with intentions in both samples (China: P=.02; United States: P<.001). The extended PRISM had a better model fit than the original PRISM.

Conclusions

Cultural identity and media use should be considered when evaluating the process of mental health information seeking or when designing interventions to address mental health information seeking.
Deep Learning Neural Networks to Predict Serious Complications After Bariatric Surgery: Analysis of Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry Data
Authors: Cao Yang , Montgomery Scott , Ottosson Johan , Näslund Erik , Stenberg Erik
Published: May 2020

Background

Obesity is one of today’s most visible public health problems worldwide. Although modern bariatric surgery is ostensibly considered safe, serious complications and mortality still occur in some patients.

Objective

This study aimed to explore whether serious postoperative complications of bariatric surgery recorded in a national quality registry can be predicted preoperatively using deep learning methods.

Methods

Patients who were registered in the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg) between 2010 and 2015 were included in this study. The patients who underwent a bariatric procedure between 2010 and 2014 were used as training data, and those who underwent a bariatric procedure in 2015 were used as test data. Postoperative complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, and complications requiring intervention under general anesthesia or resulting in organ failure or death were considered serious. Three supervised deep learning neural networks were applied and compared in our study: multilayer perceptron (MLP), convolutional neural network (CNN), and recurrent neural network (RNN). The synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) was used to artificially augment the patients with serious complications. The performances of the neural networks were evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Matthews correlation coefficient, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

In total, 37,811 and 6250 patients were used as the training data and test data, with incidence rates of serious complication of 3.2% (1220/37,811) and 3.0% (188/6250), respectively. When trained using the SMOTE data, the MLP appeared to have a desirable performance, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% CI 0.83-0.85). However, its performance was low for the test data, with an AUC of 0.54 (95% CI 0.53-0.55). The performance of CNN was similar to that of MLP. It generated AUCs of 0.79 (95% CI 0.78-0.80) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.59-0.61) for the SMOTE data and test data, respectively. Compared with the MLP and CNN, the RNN showed worse performance, with AUCs of 0.65 (95% CI 0.64-0.66) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.53-0.57) for the SMOTE data and test data, respectively.

Conclusions

MLP and CNN showed improved, but limited, ability for predicting the postoperative serious complications after bariatric surgery in the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry data. However, the overfitting issue is still apparent and needs to be overcome by incorporating intra- and perioperative information.