bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РУССКАЯ ПРАВОСЛАВНАЯ ЦЕРКОВЬ В США В 1794–1917 ГГ.: СПЕЦИФИКА СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ И ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ РОЛЕЙ
Authors: Yuzlikeev Philip Viktorovich
Published: February 2019

Цель. Тема социальной и политической ролей религиозных структур на протяжении последних лет является весьма актуальной среди ученых ввиду высокого влияния духовных организаций на общественность. Для российских исследователей особый интерес в этом отношении вызывает Русская православная церковь как институт тесно связанный с государством. Другой важной проблемой современной науки являются российско-американские отношения и история взаимодействия двух государств. Данная статья посвящена истории распространения русского православия на территории США в период существования Российской империи и включает анализ специфики социальной и политической ролей, которая сложилась у православной епархии на новой земле.Методология. Исследование основано на анализе открытых источников и демографических данных с использованием историко-генетического, сравнительно-исторического методов.Результаты. В ходе проведённого исследования установлено, что деятельность Русской православной церкви на Аляске в период 1794–1867 гг. состояла, преимущественно, из просветительно-образовательной работы, оказания гуманитарной помощи населению и контроля за общественно-политической обстановкой. Передача территории Аляски от России к США привела к территориальному расширению епархии, изменению её статуса и функций. Теперь церковь, помимо миссионерской и просветительно-образовательной деятельности, сосредоточилась на адаптации мигрантов к жизни в новой стране и оказании им финансовой помощи. Также работа епархии в США могла оказывать незначительное влияние на дипломатические связи России с Австро-Венгрией и Грецией.Область применения результатов. Результаты работы могут быть использованы для дальнейших исследований социальной и политической ролей Русской православной церкви, российско-американского религиозного взаимодействия и изучения международной деятельности церкви.
ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ ВСПЛЕСКА ИНТЕРЕСА К ЭЗОТЕРИЧЕСКОЙ ТРАДИЦИИ НА ПОСТСОВЕТСКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ В 90-Х ГОДАХ ХХ ВЕКА
Authors: Vorobyova Olga Borisovna , Vorobyova Olga Borisovna , Shmatov Evgeny Nikolaevich
Published: February 2019

В переломные 90е годы ХХ века снятие идеологических рамок вызвало резкий интерес общества к эзотерической культуре. Научный анализ причин и условий резкого проявления интереса к эзотерической традиции требует конкретно-исторического подхода, который рассматривает эти проблемы в контексте социокультурных особенностей общества. Социум вступил на путь постижения эзотерического знания, причем достаточно избирательно прибегая к его ценностям. Большая часть населения так или иначе вплела эзотерическую традицию в личностную форму культуры. При этом люди, занимающиеся интеллектуальной деятельностью, востребовали ее психофизиологические тенденции (йога, цигун, тибетские искусства) и ценности эзотерической философии (теософия, Агни-Йога). Целью овладения этими и многими другими практиками является приобретение спокойных мыслительных процессов, психофизическое оздоровление, достижение долголетия. Другая часть населения направила свой интерес к оккультным направлениям эзотерической традиции (разные виды магии, хиромантия, астрология), востребованным с целью достижения собственных эгоистических потребностей.На современном этапе сформирован некий «итог» такого всплеска интереса населения в переломный момент времени для великого государства к разнородным пластам эзотерического знания. Как добиться успеха, любви, справедливости и других высоких общечеловеческих ценностей учат гадалки, ведуньи, маги – адепты всех степеней посвящения. Востребованность в современное время в большинстве своем вульгарных пластов эзотерического знания является ярким индикатором декадансных тенденций духовной жизни современного социума.
The Influence of Active Learning on the Concept of Mastery of Sains Learning by Fifth Grade Students at Primary School
Authors: Setiawan Danang Wahyu , Suharno Suharno , - Triyanto
Published: February 2019

The research aims to know the effect of Active Learning on the concept of mastery of sains learning by fifth grade students at primary school. The method that is used in this research is a quasi-experimental research. The aspect being measured in this research was comparing two learning groups. Experiment group was exposed to Active Learning Model and control group to conventional learning model. The data population of this research was all fifth grade students (28 students) at Primary School Soropaten 2 district Klaten in academic year of 2017/2018. The population was then divided into two classes. 14 students were in the experiment class, and 14 students were in the control class. The data sampling of research conducted with cluster random sampling. Data collection techniques included tests and observations. Data analysis was done by using a t-test and descriptive statistics. The results showed that learning with Active Learning Model influences the concept mastery of sains learning. The result learning by fifth-grade students Primary School showed 2.990 with the significance level at less than 0.05 i.e., 0.006.
Impact of tranexamic acid use on blood loss and transfusion rates following femoral varus derotational osteotomy in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Nazareth A. , Shymon S. J. , Andras L. , Goldstein R. Y. , Kay R. M.
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Previous studies have established the safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss after total joint arthroplasty and spinal fusion surgery; however, literature regarding the effectiveness of intraoperative TXA in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of intraoperative TXA in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements for children with CP undergoing a proximal femoral varus derotational osteotomy (VDRO).

Methods

This is a retrospective review of 258 children with CP who underwent VDRO performed at the author's institution between 2004 and 2017. In all, 36 subjects underwent VDRO surgery with administration of intravenous TXA and 222 subjects underwent VDRO without administration of TXA. Outcome measures including blood loss, transfusion requirements and venous thromboembolic events were compared between groups using t-tests and chi-squared tests.

Results

No significant differences were seen in the rates of transfusion between groups for the entire hospitalization (TXA group: 11.1% versus No TXA group: 19.8%), intraoperatively (TXA: 2.8% versus No TXA: 9.0%) or postoperatively (TXA: 8.3% versus No TXA: 14.4%). Intraoperative estimated blood loss (TXA: 144.4 mL versus No TXA: 159.0 mL) and percentage blood loss (TXA: 8.9% versus No TXA: 9.2%) were similar between groups. No major thromboembolic complications events occurred in either group.

Conclusion

The use of TXA was not associated with thromboembolic complications in this series of children with CP undergoing VDRO surgery. Though there was a trend toward lower rates of intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion with TXA use in these patients, the differences were not significant, possibly due to low estimated blood loss in both groups and sample size.

Level of evidence

III- retrospective comparative study
Legal recognition of same-sex  partnership as a political claim: Just aporias, critical (im)possibilities
Authors: Papanagiotou Athina
Published: February 2019

Legal recognition constitutes one of the most topical questions for LGBTQI+ movements and the relative theory. Legal recognition of same-sex partners is construed, for a part of the movement, as a subversive, emancipatory political claim which seeks to ensure a safe legal ground, where the partners will enjoy visibility and rights comparable to those provided to opposite-sex married couples. However, the historicization of partnership recognition, and more specifically of the institution of marriage, reveals its links to ownership, reproduction of the nation, church, gender discrimination, exclusion as well as to the classification of erotic practices, intimacy and relationality. Addressing the Greek context, this article explores the aporetic tensions between the political demand of recognition and its radical potential, on the one hand, and the context (historical, political and social) of the institution of marriage on the other. Is there any justice in inclusion and how should we understand it? Are all the stories of recognition, hence of inclusion and subjection to law, the same? What does law sustain when its idiom expands, for instance in the case of the new Greek civil partnership agreement? Where is the place – if any – of justice and can it be inhabited by law? Is law something that we ‘cannot not want’, as Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak puts it? Finally, does the position from which these questions are posed matter? The article does not attempt to respond to the dilemmatic question ‘for or against’ legal recognition, but complicates it with analytical tools borrowed from critical theory, feminist and queer theory and Derridean deconstruction.
Queering the archive of Greek laments
Authors: Chatziprokopiou Marios
Published: February 2019

Lament in Greece has been historically linked to notions of cultural continuity and national belonging. As a literary genre or mode of performance, but also as a rhetorical trope, it has had a constitutive role in shaping national identity. Within this ideological context, Greek laments were strategically used by nineteenth- and early twentieth-century folklorists as survivals of an uninterrupted oral tradition, and hence as original proofs of continuity between modern Greeks and their supposed ancestors. Yet, the archives of oral poetry in general were extensively edited – but also partially constructed – by early folklorists in order to serve ideological purposes related to the construction of national identity, and to the promotion of the nation’s image according to Western European notions of Hellenism. Furthermore, it was not unusual for these scholars to create themselves quasi-demotic songs, in the manner and style of oral tradition. This was the case, for instance, of Georgios Tertsetis, whose quasi-demotic song ‘The Fair Retribution’ (H Δικαία Eκδίκησις) raises issues regarding desire between men, but also upon the impossibility of the subjects of such a desire to be mourned and lamented. Departing from an analysis of ‘The Fair Retribution’, and after offering a selective overview of the discourses of early folklorists regarding the use of Greek laments in the nationalist project, this article proceeds with a self-reflexive account of my lecture-performancePoustia kai Ololygmos: Selections from the Occult Songs of the Greek People. Enacting a pseudo-scientific persona, in this performance I announced the fictive discovery of an archive of Greek laments, which addresses issues of queer mourning and desire, while also bringing to the fore the absence of lament when it comes to queer subjectivities, in the past, but also in the present.
Recovering the human in the urban dystopia: Mobility as détournement in Playtime
Authors: Spalding Steven
Published: February 2019

This project is a re-assessment of Jacques Tati’s Playtime that displaces the predominant view of Tati as a pantomime and comedian. Playtime instead reveals Tati’s profound engagement with modern urban design, spatial practices and critique. Tati’s film explores how the urban spaces of contemporary France represent a distinct challenge to understanding and experience. Through the singular trajectory of his famous protagonist Hulot, Tati articulates an urban wandering or flânerie that resembles what the Situationists termed as dérive, a kind of movement through the city capable of opening up new ways of seeing and experiencing urban spaces. Hulot’s dérive mobility comes to inform the way in which the camera moves as it captures Tativille. As Hulot drifts through the traffic-clogged streets, labyrinthine office buildings and glass-box apartments of Playtime’s Tativille, at stake is a mode of urban experience able to overcome urban dislocation, alienation and separation.
Automobiles and gender in San Francisco crime films
Authors: Stangl Paul
Published: February 2019

Throughout American history, cultural norms regarding the behaviour of men and women in public space have extended to their use of transportation, including the automobile. A series of crime films set in San Francisco spanning seven decades are examined in relation to these norms and how this has changed over decades. While Lefebvre observes a potential for art and culture to facilitate social change, these movies largely reinforce stereotypes about men, women and cars.
All that is solid? Movement, repurposed lives and a cardboard citizenry
Authors: Zheng Connie
Published: February 2019

This article situates cardboard as a material lens through which to trace, and make visible, the flows of capital within a Trans-Pacific circuitry of trade, and to point to the political potentials enabled by the reuse and re-imagining of cardboard by groups of people who have been made invisible within the prevailing regime of labour. I argue that tracing the circulation of cardboard through the Bay Area – with a stop in Hong Kong – can become a laboratory for thinking through how the re-visibilization of capital and material flows can change the way that we think about the political and how the political is constructed or remade. To take this argument further, I posit that we may use this knowledge and project it into the production of a new symbolic and political space, in which cardboard acts as a potentially unifying material of protest for a new global corpus – a cardboard citizenry. Can a ‘cardboard citizenry’ act as a stateless, dynamic body of protest that oozes out from the circuitry of Trans-Pacific trade to create a new global citizenry, one that is able to make any space inhabitable and subsequently privileges creativity over market efficiency, the informal over the formal, the ephemeral over the permanent?
Hyperventilation in Children with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Authors: A. Kasim Y. , Rini K. E. Anky Tri , S. P. S. Sumarmo
Published: February 2019

Many studies of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) have been done but only a few revealed the respiratory status. Respiratory problems arise. because of plasma leakage through the 'damaged capillaries, causing lung edema and in turn result in hypoxemia. This later on will be compensated by a hyperventilation state.

During a 6-month-period (May to September 1988), two aspects were studied in 85 patients hospitalized with DHF. First, the ventilatory pattern and second, the result of giving oxygen support in improving the respiratory disturbance, in this case alveolar hyperventilation.

The incidence of alveolar hyperventilation in DHF grade II (DHF II) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) differed significantly. Hypoxemia occurred in DHF II and DSS with no significant differences. The difference of the incidence of metabolic acidosis in DHF II and DSS were significant.

In DHF II patients having had hyperventilation state, oxygen therapy decreased respiration rate significantly and increased the PaC02 though not significantly.
Acute Non Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the Department of Child Health School of Medicine, University of North Sumatera/ Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan (1983-1988): A Preliminary Study
Authors: Nasution Feraluna , Arifin Zairul , Sutjipto Adi
Published: February 2019

A retrospective study on Acute Non Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ANLL) was conducted at the Sub Division of Pediatric Hematology, School of Medicine, University of North Sumatera/Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan, in a period of 5 years (1983-1988).

There were 18 cases consisted of 14 (77. 78%) males and 4 (22 .22%) females with the age group of 0-2 years: 6 (30%), 2-8 years: 9 (50%), 8-15 years: 3 (30%). By the FAB classification, they were of FAB M-1: 1 (5.55%), FAB M-2: 1 (5.55%), FAB M-3: 1 (5.55%), FAB M-4: 2 (11.12%) and FAB M-6: 13 (72.23%). Only 7 (38.88%) were treated with cytostatics while the others received only supportive therapy. The result of  cytostatic treatment was unsatisfactory: 4 (57.14%) died within the first 2 months of treatment, 3 (42.86%) discontinued their cytostatics treatment.
Bronchopneumonia with measles in Infants and Children at the Department of Child Health School of Medicine, University of North Sumatera/ Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan (January 1985 - December 1989)
Authors: Hutasoit Charles , Dj. Mardiana K. , Daulay Ridwan M. , Lubis Helmi M. , Siregar Zakaria
Published: February 2019

A retrospective study was done on patients with bronchopneumonia hospitalized at the Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan/School of Medicine, University of North Sumatera; during January 1985 through December 1989.

The purpose of this study is to assess the morbidity and mortality of bronchopneumonia with measles and the nutritional status of the patients.

Out of the 14.082 patients admitted, 1310 children suffered from bronchopneumonia (10.7%). Ninety nine of them were also with measles (7.6%).

Most of the patients with bronchopneumonia without measles were in the age group 0-1 year (58.7%). The mortality waas 24.8% and the highest mortality rate was in the age group of 4-5 years (34.6%).

Most of the patients with bronchopneumonia and measles were in the age group of 1-2 years (30.3%). The mortality rate of bronchopneumonia with measles was 22.2% and the highest mortality rate was in the age group of 3-4 years (35. 7%).

Bronchopneumonia with or without measles occurred more in malnourished patients rather than in well-nourished cases.

All of the patients who had bronchopneumonia with measles in the present study had never been immunized against measles.
Morbidity, Growth and Food Intake among the Underfives in Madura, Indonesia
Authors: Kardjati Sri , Kusin Jane A. , Van Steenbergen Wilm , Schofield W. N.
Published: February 2019

The relation between common illnesses, growth and breast milk and food intake was assessed in a-longitudinal population based study, covering 300 children, age 0-36 months. Morbidity was quite prevalent with a peak at age 4-24 months. It did, however, not affect the intake of breast milk and the consumption of additional foods in infancy. On the other hand, the daily intake of energy and protein was significantly reduced in older and particularly non-breastfed children. Morbidity explained about 28% of the variance in weight- and height-for-age in children, age 6-18 months. One can conclude that growth faltering early in infancy is primarily of nutritional origin, while at older age it is due to a synergistic effect of inadequate nutrition and morbidity. Anorexia rather than bad feeding habits is the main cause of poor dietary intake during and after illness.
Gastroenteritis in Patients Hospitalized at the Pediatric Ward of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan
Authors: Lubis Gustina , Thaib Tm. , Sinuhaji Atan Baas , Sutanto A. H.
Published: February 2019

In 1989, oj2350 patients hospitalized in the paediatric ward of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan, 829 (35.3%) were gastroenteritis cases, with male more than female. Most of the patients with gastroenteritis were found in the age group of under 1 years (521 cases = 62.8%). The highest prevalence was found in january, February and March.

Mild, moderate and severe dehydration were encountered in 2. 7%, 83.1% and 14.2% cases respectively.

Eighty for (10.1%) cases had been treated with oralit before admission. Only 49. 1% of those patients with gastroenteritis under two years of age were breastfed. The patients of under five year old were 791 (95. 4%) cases; 259 (32. 7%) cases were malnourished.

The overall mortality rate of these patients with gastroenteritis was 5.9% ( 49 cases). The age specific mortality rate was highest in the age group of 6- 12 months. Usually patients died with gastroenteritis had complications or associated diseases.
Thrombocytopenia in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Sunarto Sunarto , Sutaryo Sutaryo
Published: February 2019

According to WHO thrombocytopenia is one of the diagnostic criteria of DHF. On the other hand many studies have reported DHF cases without evidence of thrombocytopenia.

One hundred fifty nine DHF out of485 suspected cases were assessed for their platelet counts. Diagnosis of DHF was established based on the WHO criteria, and confirmed by the hemagglutination inhibition test. The platelet counts were done serially and intensively by phase contrast microscope from the first day of hospitalization until the patient's discharge.

In 77 patients thrombocytopenia appeared for the first time during hospitalization. Mild thrombocytopenia appeared in almost all of these cases before thrombocyte count of 100,000 reached. Seventy two patients had shown thrombocytopenia on the day of admission. No thrombocytopenia was found on the second day of illness, the earliest time of the detection of thrombocytopenia was on the Jrri and the latest was on the 8th day of illness. Thrombocytopenia lasted 1-5 days. It is concluded that many DHF diagnosis would have been missed if the thrombocyte investigation had not been done serially and intensively. Mild thrombocytopenia in DHF suspected patients should call attention to do platelet investigation intensively in those cases.
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalltis: Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations
Authors: Pusponegoro Hardiono D. , Passat Jimmy , Abdoerachman M. Hardjono
Published: February 2019

We reviewed clinical and laboratory findings of 12 cases of Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) hospitalized at our department from 1985 to 1991. All cases were diagnosed and hospitalized at the 2nd stage. The principal clinical manifestations were mental changes, myoclonus, and frequent falls. Other clinical manifestations were ocular changes, involuntary movements, loss of social contact, and spasticity. Diagnosis was based on suppression-burst pattern in EEG and positive antibody titer to measles in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. CT scan was not diagnotic, since it was either normal or showed only non-specific cortical atrophy. Eleven patients (91, 7%) recalled a history of measles in the past. Age of onset of SSPE varied among cases and was difficult to specify precisely due to its subtle nature. None of the cases had been vaccinated against measles.

SSPE is a rare disease, but is almost always fatal with prolonged suffering of the patient. Based on our experience with SSPE patients, we recommend to broaden the immunization programme against measles.
Nutritional Status of the Underfive Children at The Pediatric Ward of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan
Authors: C. Kaswadharma K. , Arizal Arizal , Hamid Endang D. , Lubis Iskandar Z. , Tarigan Sjarika T.
Published: February 2019

An observational study on the assesment of nutritional status of the underfive children at the pediatric ward of Dr. Pirngadi hospital, Medan was conducted during February to March 1990.

Nutritional status was determined usi11.g the parameters of Weight/Age (WIA), Weight/Height (WIH) and Mid upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) in accordance with the Seminar on Nutritional Anthropometry 1975.

One-hundred and eighty patients were included in this study, consisting of 115 (67, 6%) children less than one year and 65 (32, 4%) children 1 - 5 years.

According to the Weight/Age parameter there were 46.7% wellnourished children 42.8% with moderate and 10.5% with severe malnutrition on admission, while on discharge they were 48.3%, 42.8% and 8.9% (p > 0.05) respectively.

Weight/Height and Mid upper Arm Circumference parameters also failed to reveal significant differences.

The duration of hospitalization ranged from 1 to 3 0 days (mean 5 days). The most predominant disease was gastroenteritis with dehydration (68.9%).

In 54.4% of patients, breast-feeding had been given until 6 month of age, while supplementary food starting before the age of 2 months was found in 52.2% .

The incidence of undernutrition in underfive children was high.
The Impacts of Genetic Counseling on The Quality of Children
Authors: Effendi Sjarif Hidajat
Published: February 2019

The success of our National Family Planning Program and awareness of people to the motto of: "The norm of a small, happy and prosperous family" has led our people, especially the eligible couples, to think no more about quantity, but the quality of their children. There is a tendency that they do need assurance of completely healthy children, the present or the coming ones. This fact leads our Health Service Personnel to the awareness that they must be able to solve people's problems related to their desire for good quality children.
Clinical Presentation of Measles at the Pediatric Ward in Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan
Authors: Djayusman Mardiana K. , Damanik Margaretha , Miraza Erijana Malik , Hutasoit Charles , Lubis Chairuddin P.
Published: February 2019

A descriptive study was done on 55 infants and children with measles during January 1988- December 1989. They comprised 1.08% of the total sum of 5075 children hospitalized during that period.

Measles without any complication was found in 5.4% of the subjects, and bronchopneumonia was the most common complication (75%). The highest prevalence was found in the age group of 1-5 years (72.8%).

Most of the cases (98.2%) suffered from mild to severe malnutrition and they had not previously been vaccinated against measles.
Head Circumference Features of Under One Year Old Children at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan
Authors: Bahtiar Yulitas , Manurung Marisi , Marbun Manihar D. , Lubis Iskandar Z. , Saing Bistok
Published: February 2019

A descriptive cross sectional study to have normal values of the bead circumference of under one year old children in Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan had been done during january to February 1990. The sample size determined based on formula, was 356 (178 boys and 178 girls). Each sex group was devided proportionally by age in months. Only children with good nutritional status and middle to high socio economic level were included in this study.

The mean value of the head circumference is still in the range of the mean of Nellhaus standard. Tbe Nellhaus standard can be used as a standard of bead circumference of under one year old children at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan.
A Clinico-Pathological Correlation of Childhood Primary Nephrotic Syndrome in Jakarta
Authors: Wirya I. G. N. Wila
Published: February 2019

Three hundred and sixty-four out of 547 children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) treated at the Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of Indonesia between January 1970 and December 1979, were biopsied. The clinical, laboratory, and pathological characteristics of these patients were evaluated and compared with those reported by the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKOC, 1978) comprising children of Western countries with PNS. Results of this study showed that the spectrum of the histopathological changes in the 2 study populations was slightly different. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of certain types of PNS also showed some differences compared with those of ISKDC report. Patients with non-minimal changes nephrotic syndrome (NMCNS) were more frequently found in this study, and they were older than those of ISKDC report, i.e., more children < 6 years of age were affected with this disease in Jakarta. Similarly, this study showed that patients with minimal changes nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) were older than those of ISKDC report; the peak age of Western patients was less than 6 years. Patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) reported by ISKDC were more severe than those of this study as far as clinical and laboratory characteristics were concerned. The causes of these clinical and histopathological discrepancies between the two studies need to be further elucidated.
Patterns of Acid Base Balance and Plasma Electrolyte Concentrations in Post Surgical Digestive Patients
Authors: El Fuad T. Murad , Gea Efori , Yael Chaerul , Lubis Munar
Published: February 2019

Patterns of acid-base balance and plasma electrolyte concentrations of postsurgical digestive patients were studied retrospectively. The patients were treated at the Pediatric ICU Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan, during the period of February 1991 through January 31 1992. There were 131 patients admitted to the Pediatric ICU, 67 (51.1 %) of them had had gastrointestinal surgery. Arterial blood gas and I or plasma electrolyte examinations were done in 92% of patients within 12 hours of admission. In 50 patients both blood gas and electrolyte concentration values were examined; 6 of them died. One out of 14 patients who had only serum electrolyte concentration values died. One out of 3 patients who had neither blood gas nor plasma electrolyte concentration values died. Acid-base imbalances were found in 66% of those 50 patients, consisting of 28% metabolic acidosis, 12% respiratory alkalosis, 8% respiratory acidosis, and 6% metabolic alkalosis. Hyponatremia was found in 68.4% of the survivors and in 2 out of 6 patients who died. No hypernatremia was found in any of the patients. Hypokalemia was found in 24.6% of patients survived; and none in those who died. Hyperkalemia was encountered in 24.6% of those who survived. The overall mortality of patients who had undergone gastrointestinal surgery in the Pediatric ICU, Pirngadi Hospital, was 8/67 (11.9%).
NT-proBNP level and left ventricle diameters before and after transcatheter closure of PDA and VSD
Authors: Kusmira Devy , Nova Ria , Bakri Achirul
Published: February 2019

Background Amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels before and after transcatheter closure may correlate with changes in left ventricular internal diameter end diastole (LVIDd) and end systole (LVIDs). Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) are structural abnormalities which effects cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac muscle stretching decreases after closure, followed by reduced left ventricle diameters and decreased NT-proBNP levels.

Objective To analyze for possible correlations between NT-proBNP levels and left ventricle diameters before and after transcatheter closure.

Methods Subjects were PDA and VSD patients who underwent transcatheter closure in the Pediatrics Department of dr. Moh Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, South Sumatera, from May 2016 to March 2017. Measurement of NT-proBNP levels and echocardiography were performed before closure, as well as one and three months after closure.

Results There were 34 subjects (15 girls) with median age of 91.5 months. Median NT-proBNP levels were significantly reduced after closure: before closure 111.7pg/mL, one month after closure 62pg/mL, and three months after closure 39 pg/mL (P<0.05). Median LVIDd and LVIDs were also significantly reduced after closure [LVIDd: 39.5mm before, 34.5mm one mo after, and 32.5mm 3 mo after (P<0.05); LVIDs: 23.9mm before, 20.5mm 1 mo after, and 20.0mm 3 mo after (P<0.05)]. At one month after closure, there was a moderate positive correlation between NT-proBNP levels and LVIDd (r=0.432; P=0.011), but no correlation with LVIDs (r=0.287; P=0.100). At three months after closure, there was a significant moderate positive correlation between changes of NT-proBNP levels and changes of LVIDd (r=0.459; P=0.006), as well as LVIDs (r=0.563; P=0.001).

Conclusion In pediatric PDA and VSD patients, NT-proBNP levels have a significant positive correlation with diastolic and systolic left ventricle diameters at three months after closure. Decreased NT-proBNP levels may be considered as a marker of closure effectiveness.
Oxidative stress in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia before and after phototherapy: malondialdehyde and catalase activity
Authors: Putra Putu Junara , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati , Wahidiyat Pustika Amalia
Published: February 2019

Background Phototherapy is used to treat neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, but is currently thought to cause photodynamic stress and can induce lipid peroxidation. There is increasing evidence that many severe diseases of the neonates are caused by oxidative injury and lipid peroxidation. In the present communique, we review the oxidative succeptibility of the neonate and the evidence now available that phototherapy induces oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a metabolic product of free radicals. Catalase is a antioxidant that binds free radicals.

Objective To compare the levels of oxidants and antioxidants before and after phototherapy in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.

Methods This pretest-posttest control group study was conducted in Sanglah Hospital, Bali from November 2016 to April 2017. Thirty babies with gestational age ≥35 weeks and hyperbilirubinemia with total bilirubin levels requiring phototherapy were included in this study. The MDA levels and catalase activity were measured before and after 24 hours of phototherapy.

Results Comparative analysis using paired T-test showed a significant increase of malondialdehyde level, with mean MDA 23.73 (SD 8.20) nmol/mL before and 53.05 (SD 10.18) nmol/mL after phototherapy (P<0.001). However, catalase activity significantly decreased from of 72.33 (SD 10.63) kU/L before phototherapy to 44.85 (SD 14.79) kU/L after phototherapy (P<0.001). The MDA level had a significant, negative association with catalase activity after phototherapy (r =-0.4; P=0.028).

Conclusion Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia are found to have increased oxidative stress after phototherapy, as indicated by increased MDA levels and decreased CAT activity after 24 hours of phototherapy.
Sepsis calculator to support antibiotic stewardship in early-onset neonatal sepsis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Rohsiswatmo Rinawati , Hikmahrachim Hardya Gustada , Nadobudskaya Dinarda Ulf , Anjani Sonia Miyajima , You Albert
Published: February 2019

Background Establishing a diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is difficult. As such, appropriate timing of antibiotic therapy remains the biggest challenge. As a consequence of non-definitive diagnoses, inappropriate antibiotic administration is common. Recently, a sepsis calculator to estimate risk of early-onset sepsis (EOS) based on both maternal risk factors and infants’ clinical presentation was established.

Objective To determine the impact of the sepsis calculator in daily clinical settings, especially with regards to antibiotic usage.

Methods A literature search of Pubmed, EBSCO, Embase, and Scopus database from January 2011 (after sepsis calculator was established) to June 2018 was performed. We included observational studies that compared the sepsis calculator to recent neonatal sepsis guidelines in terms of antibiotic administration, blood culture, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The literature search, validation study, and assessment risk of bias were done independently by our four authors, while the first author did the statistical analysis.

Results Of the 35 studies identified, 5 cohort studies met the criteria, with a total sample size of 18,352 infants from various countries. We developed a fixed-effect meta analysis of the data. The use of the sepsis calculator significantly reduced inappropriate use of antibiotics [RR 0.46; 95%CI 0.41 to 0.51; z=13.57; P<0.001], blood culture sampling [RR 0.46; 95%CI 0.40 to 0.52; z=12.11; P<0.001), and higher neonatal care level admissions [RR 0.68; 95%CI 0.59 to 0.78); z=5.47; P<0.001). No safety issues were reported from studies using the sepsis calculator.

Conclusion The new EOS risk estimation using a neonatal sepsis calculator is an easy, effective, and safe tool to improve appropriate antibiotic use and outcomes. This calculator is ready to be implemented in all levels of neonatal care units.
Impact of malnutrition on febrile neutropenia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during induction phase chemotherapy
Authors: Agnes Marshalla , Widjajanto Pudjo Hagung , Damayanti Wahyu
Published: February 2019

Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children and adolescents. Febrile Neutropenia (FN) is a medical emergency on ALL that often leads to death. Nutrition status assessment on ALL patient is important because malnutrition can reduce the tolerance of chemotherapy, increase incidence of infection and decrease survival rate.

Objectives To assess malnutrition as a risk factor for FN in children with ALL.

Methods This case-control study was performed at Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta on patients aged 1 month to 18 years diagnosed with ALL and undergoing induction phase chemotherapy between January 2013 and December 2015. The case and control subjects were children with and without FN, respectively. Febrile neutropenia was confirmed by patients temperature above 38ºC at one measurement and a peripheral neutrophil count of less than 1,000/mm3. Malnutrition was defined as body weight-for-height was between -2 and <-3 standard deviation. Subjects were included using simple random sampling.

Result Bivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between malnutrition and FN (OR 2.62; 95%CI 1.07 to 6.45; P=0.03). However, there was no inverse correlation between socioeconomic status and FN (OR 1.1; 95%CI 0.42 to 2.41; P=0.83). There was no correlation between nutritional status and duration of FN (P= 0.48).  

Conclusion Malnutrition is a risk factor for FN in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Congenital heart disease in children with Down syndrome in Afghanistan
Authors: Sharifi Abdul Muhib , Mansoor Abdul Rashid , Ibrahimi M. Akbar , Wali Abdul , Wali Wali , Ekram Khesrow
Published: February 2019

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is frequently cited as the main cause of death in the pediatric Down syndrome (DS) population. The prevalence and spectrum of CHD patterns in DS varies widely worldwide; this variation could be due to sociodemographic, genetic, and/or geographic factors.

Objective To verify the prevalence, pattern, and frequency distribution of CHD in children with Down syndrome.

Methods A three-year retrospective study was conducted in children aged 0-14 years with Down syndrome who underwent echocardiography for possible CHD from January 2014 to December 2016, based on the Pediatric Unit CHD Registry of the Cardiac Research Institute, Kabul Medical University. Clinical, echocardiographic, and outcome data were collected and sorted according to confirmation of the syndrome and echocardiography result.

 Results During the three-year study period, 420 DS patients were identified, 286 (68%) of whom had CHDs. The prevalence of isolated and multiple CHD in the 420 children with DS were 38% (160 patients) and 30% (126 patients), respectively. Ventricular septal defect (23%) and atrial septal defect (16.4%) were the most common isolated defects. The combination of VSD and ASD (19.9%) were the most frequent multiple CHDs. The most common associations of CHD were VSD + ASD (19.9%) and VSD + PDA (9%).   

Conclusion A high prevalence of CHDs was noted in children with Down syndrome. VSD and ASD are the most commonly diagnosed isolated CHDs in our study. ASD + VSD is the most common multiple CHD pairing.  To our knowledge, this is the first extensive study in Afghanistan to demonstrate the pattern and prevalence of CHD associated with Down syndrome.
Melanoma of the Breast with Smoothened (SMO) Mutation: Case Report and review of the Literature
Authors: Clark Jennifer L. , Lee Connie , Kandil Dina , Hutchinson Lloyd , Khan Ashraf
Published: February 2019

We report the case of a 75 year-old female with past history of ampullary adenocarcinoma presenting with a rapidly enlarging breast mass, initially misclassified on fine needle aspiration as a probable sarcoma, which was ultimately diagnosed as melanoma on resection in the absence of a known cutaneous primary lesion. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the tumor revealed a mutation in the Smoothened oncogene (SMO) of unknown significance and wild-type BRAF. To our knowledge, SMO mutation in melanoma of any site has not been previously reported, though the effectiveness of SMO inhibitors has been studied in both in vivo and in vitro models of melanoma. Currently, these inhibitors have not been studied in SMO mutant melanoma. The patient declined further therapy after resection due to multiple comorbidities. She expired two years after presenting with the breast mass from complications of high grade urothelial carcinoma.
Patient education: interpretation of medical terms as a key part of diabetes mellitus treatment
Authors: Novoselova Nataliya S. , Mosikian Anna A. , Martyanova Olga Y. , Patrakeeva Evgenya M. , Zalevskaya Alsu G.
Published: February 2019

Background: Only a little percent of chronically ill patients was found to follow physicians prescriptions. One of the reasons for this issue is misunderstanding of recommendations due to inappropriate interpretation of medical terms, contained in medical advice.
Aims: The study is aimed to evaluate the quality of patient interpretation of the most frequently used medical terms in diabetes mellitus field (DM) and to evaluate the impact of misunderstanding on diabetes control.
Materials and methods: 13 endocrinologists composed 2 lists of the most frequently used terms one list for DM type 1 and one for DM type 2. We selected 10 terms for DM type 1 and 10 terms for DM type 2, mentioned by the most of participated doctors, and created 2 kinds of questionnaire for patients. Patients were to explain the terms in written if they were aware of terms meaning. Three independent researchers evaluated every answer according to a 0 to 10 scale, where 0 was for totally incorrect or no answer, and 10 was for a completely correct answer. Patients also filled in the forms about their social and demographic parameters. Statistical analysis was conducted with the use of Wilcoxon Test and linear regression model.
Results: 89 patients with DM type 1 (27% men, HbA1c (meanSD) 7,951,77%) and 86 patients with DM type 2 (27% men, HbA1c (meanSD) 8,111,91%) were included into the study. Patients with type 1 DM received a greater overall score for understanding the terms than those with type 2 DM (p 0.0001) 57.8422.66 and 39.3322.02 from 100, respectively. 38 (42.7%) participants with DM type 1 reported that they know all 10 terms, but only 15 (16.8%) respondents understand terms correctly. In the group of type 2 DM patients 9 (10.5%) of all answered yes for all the terms, but really know terms only 2 (2.3%) participants. In both groups, the total score of the terms knowledge did not correlate with the HbA1c level (р=0.698 and р=0.319 for type 1 and type 2 DM groups, respectively).
Conclusion: The most of patients with DM do not understand relevant medical terms properly. Some patients are in the wrong belief that they have no misunderstandings with their consulting doctors. However, terms understanding does not influence on glycemic control (HbA1c level). During the medical consultation, endocrinologists should check if a patient understands their advice properly to improve understanding and compliance of patients.
Contact Structures of Sasaki Type and Their Associated Moduli
Authors: Boyer Charles P.
Published: February 2019

This article is based on a talk at the RIEMain in Contact conference in Cagliari, Italy in honor of the 78th birthday of David Blair one of the founders of modern Riemannian contact geometry. The present article is a survey of a special type of Riemannian contact structure known as Sasakian geometry. An ultimate goal of this survey is to understand the moduli of classes of Sasakian structures as well as the moduli of extremal and constant scalar curvature Sasaki metrics, and in particular the moduli of Sasaki-Einstein metrics.
The crystal structure of dichloroido(1,3-bis(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-1H-3l4-imidazol-2-yl)(2-methyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-κN)palladium(IV)-water (1/1), C23H29Cl2N3O2Pd
Authors: Sun Kai-Xin , Wu Xiang-Ting , Li Guo-Xing
Published: February 2019

C23H29Cl2N3O2Pd, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.7287(6) Å, b = 31.5431(18) Å, c = 9.5605(6) Å, β = 108.893(2)°, V = 2490.5(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0438, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1033, T = 293(2) K.
The effect of PbS nanocrystal additives on the charge transfer state recombination in a bulk heterojunction blend
Authors: Abdu-Aguye Mustapha , Protesescu Loredana , Dirin Dmitry N. , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Loi Maria Antonietta
Published: February 2019

A persistent limitation of organic semiconductors is their low dielectric constant єr, which limits the performance of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. One way to increase єr is to employ high-єr additives, such as PbS nanocrystals (QDs) to BHJ blends. In this work, we use the recombination of the interfacial charge transfer (CT) state as a means to study the effects of PbS nanocrystals on blends of a narrow bandgap copolymer: poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1- b;3,4-b′]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT), and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). We show that at low dilution levels (0.25% - 0.75% by weight), there is a decrease in the relative weight of the CT recombination lifetime (longer decay component); suggesting that there is an increase in the local єr of the ternary blend.
Human, not too Human: Technology, Rites, and Identity
Authors: Operto Stefania
Published: February 2019

In the social sciences, the term “rite” identifies a set of practices and knowledge that contribute to forming the cultural models of a given society and has the aim of transmitting values and norms, institutionalization of roles, recognition of identity and social cohesion. This article examines the relationship between technology and ritual and the transformations in society resulting from the diffusion of new technologies. Technological progress is not a novelty in human development; though it is the first time in the history of humanity that technology has pervaded the lives of individuals and their relationships. The analyses conducted seem to show that the ritual is not intended to disappear but to change; to change forms and places. Postmodern societies have undergone profound modifications, but the conceptual category of ritual continues to be applicable to many human behaviors and it would be a mistake to support the idea that rituals are weakening.
GIDALARDA AKILLI AMBALAJLAMA TEKNOLOJİSİ VE GÜNCEL UYGULAMALAR
Authors: ŞAHİN NADEEM Hilal , KONUK TAKMA Dilara
Published: February 2019

Akıllı ambalajlama, gıda ambalajlama teknolojisinde öne
çıkan en yeni paketleme sistemidir. Üreticiler, perakendeciler ve
tüketiciler tarafından gıda güvenliği ve kalitesinin izlenebilirliği için
yenilikçi ambalajlara artan talep, akıllı ambalajlama teknolojisinin ortaya çıkmasına
neden olmuştur. “Akıllı” terimi, ambalajın içinde veya dışında meydana gelen
değişikliklere yanıt verebilmesini ve ürünün durumunu tüketicilere
aktarabilmesini ifade etmektedir. Akıllı ambalajlama, birincil ambalaj
fonksiyonlarının yanı sıra, gıda atıklarının önlenmesi veya azaltılması, gıda
güvenliğinin sağlanması, ürün kalitesinin ve besleyici değerinin
izlenebilmesini sağlamaktadır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar, sıcaklığa ve
bozulmaya bağlı olarak renk değiştiren barkodlar ve etiketler, modifiye
atmosferde paketlenmiş ürünlerde sızıntı kontrolünü sağlayan kolorimetrik
indikatörler, taze ürünlerin olgunluk derecesine bağlı olarak renk değiştiren
filmler ve biyosensörler gibi akıllı ambalajlama araçlarının geliştirilmesi
üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu derlemede, gıdalarda kullanılan akıllı ambalajlama
sistemleri, bu sistemlerin çalışma prensipleri, geliştirilen akıllı ambalajlar
ve gıda uygulamaları hakkında güncel bilgilere yer verilmiştir.