bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceived Consequences: General or Specific? The Case of Palm Oil-Free Products
Authors: Plasek Brigitta , Lakner Zoltán , Badak-Kerti Katalin , Kovács Anikó , Temesi Ágoston
Published: March 2021

Palm oil production and consumption involve several consequences, the perception of which are significant factors that influence consumer behavior. The aim of our research is to explore which health, environmental, or social consequences associated with palm oil influence consumers most in their behavior to avoid palm oil. We examined the three risk types from two approaches: from the viewpoint of generally perceived consequences, and the viewpoint of consequences perceived specifically in relation to palm oil. We collected data through an online consumer survey (n = 336), and we applied the method of structural equation modeling to achieve our research aim. According to our results, depending on the approach, all three consequence types influence consumer purchase intentions. Of them, the perceived effects of palm oil on health have the strongest influence on consumption intent, followed by environmental damage caused by palm oil production. The effect of general health consequences show indirect significance through information seeking, which also indicates the importance of the approach to consequence perception. Indirectly or directly, only general social consequences influence purchase intent. Our research suggests that companies developing palm oil-free products could benefit from a label on the product stating their palm oil-free nature.
Alternative ESG Ratings: How Technological Innovation Is Reshaping Sustainable Investment
Authors: Hughes Arthur , Urban Michael A. , Wójcik Dariusz
Published: March 2021

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) rating agencies have been instrumental in mainstreaming sustainability in the investment industry. Traditionally, they have relied on company disclosure and human analysis to produce their ratings. More recently however, technological innovation in data scraping and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have undercut the traditional approach. Tech-driven Alternative ESG ratings are becoming increasingly influential yet remain critically underexplored in sustainable finance scholarship. Grounded within financial geography and using mixed methods, this paper fills this gap by comparing a set of Traditional ratings, sourced from MSCI ESG, with an Alternative AI-based set of ESG ratings sourced from Truvalue Labs. Our results expand upon recent research on ESG ratings by shedding new light on low commensurability between Traditional and Alternative ESG ratings. Specifically, we show that differences in ratings are driven by four main factors: differences in ESG theorisation based on key issue selection, differences in data sources analysed, differences in weighting structures for rating aggregation, and finally differences in controversy analysis. Our findings are contextualised using participatory observations collected during fieldwork at a leading asset manager in the City of London. Overall, we show that the advantages of Alternative ESG ratings include higher levels of standardisation, a transparent ‘outside-in’ perspective on ratings, a more democratic aggregation process, and rigorous real-time analytics. We argue that these characteristics reflect a geographic reconfiguration of ESG rating construction, expanding from financial agglomerations to technological and digital spaces of innovation. While Alternative ESG ratings make major promises on how technology can reform sustainable investing, we recognise that risks remain.
Effects of Sunflower Meal Supplementation as a Complementary Protein Source in the Laying Hen’s Diet on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, and Nutrient Digestibility
Authors: Saleh Ahmed A. , El-Awady Ahmed , Amber Khairy , Eid Yahya Z. , Alzawqari Mohammed H. , Selim Shaimaa , Soliman Mohamed Mohamed , Shukry Mustafa
Published: March 2021

The practical usage of untraditional feedstuffs such as sunflower meal (SFM) in laying hens nutrition in developing countries has received considerable attention. SFM is a by-product of the sunflower oil industry and has been progressively added to bird’s diets. Sunflower meal (SFM) is gaining great interest as a feed ingredient due to its eminent crude protein content, low anti-nutritional compounds, and low price. The current experiment was aimed to assess the production efficiency, egg quality, yolk fatty acids composition, and nutrient digestibility of laying hens fed SFM. A total of 162 Bovans Brown laying hens aged 60 weeks old were randomly allocated using a completely randomized design into three experimental groups of nine replicates each (n = six/replicate) for eight weeks. The dietary treatments involved a control (basal diet) and two levels of SFM, 50 and 100 g/kg feed. The dietary treatments did not influence live weight gain, feed intake, and egg mass. On one hand, the laying rate was increased; on the other hand, the feed conversion ratio and broken eggs rate of laying hens were decreased (p < 0.05) by the dietary inclusion of SFM. Dietary treatments had no effect on the egg’s quality characteristics except the yolk color and yolk height were larger (p = 0.01) for laying hens fed SFM compared with those fed the control. Dietary inclusion of SFM decreased (p < 0.05) the content of cholesterol in the egg yolk. Still, it increased the yolk contents of vitamin E, calcium, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and oleic acid (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the dietary inclusion of SFM increased crude protein and calcium digestibility, but decreased the ether extract digestibility. In conclusion, our results suggested that the dietary inclusion of SFM, up to 100 g/kg at a late phase of laying, could improve the production performance, some of the egg quality traits, and nutrient digestibility while decreasing egg yolk cholesterol.
Scenario-Based Stochastic Framework for Optimal Planning of Distribution Systems Including Renewable-Based DG Units
Authors: Ramadan Ashraf , Ebeed Mohamed , Kamel Salah , Abdelaziz Almoataz Y. , Haes Alhelou Hassan
Published: March 2021

Renewable energy-based distributed generators are widely embedded into distribution systems for several economical, technical, and environmental tasks. The main concern related to the renewable-based distributed generators, especially photovoltaic and wind turbine generators, is the continuous variations in their output powers due to variations in solar irradiance and wind speed, which leads to uncertainties in the power system. Therefore, the uncertainties of these resources should be considered for feasible planning. The main innovation of this paper is that it proposes an efficient stochastic framework for the optimal planning of distribution systems with optimal inclusion of renewable-based distributed generators, considering the uncertainties of load demands and the output powers of the distributed generators. The proposed stochastic framework depends upon the scenario-based method for modeling the uncertainties in distribution systems. In this framework, a multi-objective function is considered for optimal planning, including minimization of the expected total power loss, the total system voltage deviation, the total cost, and the total emissions, in addition to enhancing the expected total voltage stability. A novel efficient technique known as the Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) is actualized to appoint the ratings and locations of renewable-based distributed generators. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is applied on an IEEE 69-bus network and a 94-bus practical distribution system situated in Portugal. The simulations verify the feasibility of the framework for optimal power planning. Additionally, the results show that the optimal integration of the photovoltaic and wind turbine generators using the proposed method leads to a reduction in the expected power losses, voltage deviations, cost, and emission rate and enhances the voltage stability by 60.95%, 37.09%, 2.91%, 70.66%, and 48.73%, respectively, in the 69-bus system, while in the 94-bus system these values are enhanced to be 48.38%, 39.73%, 57.06%, 76.42%, and 11.99%, respectively.
Assessment of Dietary Habits, Physical Activity and Lifestyle in Medical University Students
Authors: Pop Lavinia-Maria , Iorga Magdalena , Muraru Iulia-Diana , Petrariu Florin-Dumitru
Published: March 2021

A busy schedule and demanding tasks challenge medical students to adjust their lifestyle and dietary habits. The aim of this study was to identify dietary habits and health-related behaviours among students. A number of 403 students (80.40% female, aged M = 21.21 ± 4.56) enrolled in a medical university provided answers to a questionnaire constructed especially for this research, which was divided into three parts: the first part collected socio-demographic, anthropometric, and medical data; the second part inquired about dietary habits, lifestyle, sleep, physical activity, water intake, and use of alcohol and cigarettes; and the third part collected information about nutrition-related data and the consumption of fruit, vegetables, meat, eggs, fish, and sweets. Data were analysed using SPSS v24. Students usually slept M = 6.71 ± 1.52 h/day, and one-third had self-imposed diet restrictions to control their weight. For both genders, the most important meal was lunch, and one-third of students had breakfast each morning. On average, the students consumed 1.64 ± 0.88 l of water per day and had 220 min of physical activity per week. Data about the consumption of fruit, vegetables, meat, eggs, fish, sweets, fast food, coffee, tea, alcohol, or carbohydrate drinks were presented. The results of our study proved that medical students have knowledge about how to maintain a healthy life and they practice it, which is important for their subsequent professional life.
Should I Stay or Should I Go? Tourists’ COVID-19 Risk Perception and Vacation Behavior Shift
Authors: Bratić Marija , Radivojević Aleksandar , Stojiljković Nenad , Simović Olivera , Juvan Emil , Lesjak Miha , Podovšovnik Eva
Published: March 2021

Without a doubt, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on global tourism for at least two reasons: (1) imposed systematic travel restrictions that discourage people from traveling even though they would like to; and (2) increased travel anxiety due to the perceived risk of the COVID-19 virus, causing people to change their typical travel behavior. This study aims to explore the role of Covid-19 in shaping future travel behavior. More specifically, following the general model of vacation behavior and the role of risk in travel behavior, we investigate how COVID-19 influences travelers’ perceptions of risk and how this affects planned vacation behavior. The results show that COVID-19 risk perception per se influences typical forms of vacation behavior, but this risk also leads to the development of travel anxiety, which additionally influences only some forms of vacation behavior. Empirical findings show that general anxiety, which is not associated with Covid-19 risk perception, also predicts some forms of planned changes in vacation behaviour. The study concludes with recommendations on how to reduce traveler uncertainty in order to recover international leisure travel.
Designing Immortal Products: A Lifecycle Scenario-Based Approach
Authors: Evrard Damien , Ben Rejeb Helmi , Zwolinski Peggy , Brissaud Daniel
Published: March 2021

Immortal products are updated and upgraded to go from application to application and, in so doing, to extend their life as long as possible. Designing such products is the key to a sustainable society from the circular economy perspective. It is a new way of designing that must be supported by engineering tools to be deployed in companies, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) included. The implementation of circular loops and the associated industrial systems are very dependent on the contexts and life scenarios of the products. Thus, depending on the products to be re-circulated, the processes controlled, and the actors involved, the requirements to be reported at design level are very diverse. This paper proposes a new design method based on lifecycle scenarios to be analyzed and designed. Supported by classical engineering tools that has been adapted for circular economy (CE) context, the lifecycle model enables simultaneous design of businesses, products and services and the evaluation of their environmental values. Three industrial design cases showing the application of engineering tools for implementation of CE lifecycle scenarios are presented.
Choices We Make in Times of Crisis
Authors: Waeber Patrick O. , Stoudmann Natasha , Langston James D. , Ghazoul Jaboury , Wilmé Lucienne , Sayer Jeffrey , Nobre Carlos , Innes John L. , Fernbach Philip , Sloman Steven A. , Garcia Claude A.
Published: March 2021

We present a new framework that allows understanding those we deem irrational in the climate debate. Realizing if the issue is one of information, beliefs, values or means opens the door for more constructive dialogue. Decision-makers diverge in their responses to the urgent need for action on climate and biodiversity. Action gaps are fueled by the apparent inability of decision-makers to respond efficiently to the mounting threats described by scientists—and increasingly recognized by society. Surprisingly, with the growing evidence and the accumulation of firsthand experiences of the impacts of environment crises, the gap is not only a problem of conflicting values or beliefs but also a problem of inefficient strategies. Bridging the gap and tackling the growing polarization within society calls for decision-makers to engage with the full complexity of the issues the world is facing. We propose a framework characterizing five archetypes of decision-makers to help us out of the current impasse by better understanding the behavior of others. Dealing with the complexity of environmental threats requires decision-makers to question their understanding of who wins and who loses, and how others make decisions. This requires that decision-makers acknowledge complexity, embrace uncertainty, and avoid falling back on simplistic cognitive models. Understanding the complexity of the issue and how people make decisions is key to having a fighting chance of solving the climate crisis.
Synthesis of C3-Symmetric Cinchona-Based Organocatalysts and Their Applications in Asymmetric Michael and Friedel–Crafts Reactions
Authors: Kisszékelyi Péter , Fehér Zsuzsanna , Nagy Sándor , Bagi Péter , Kozma Petra , Garádi Zsófia , Dékány Miklós , Huszthy Péter , Mátravölgyi Béla , Kupai József
Published: March 2021

In this work, anchoring of cinchona derivatives to trifunctional cores (hub approach) was demonstrated to obtain size-enlarged organocatalysts. By modifying the cinchona skeleton in different positions, we prepared four C3-symmetric size-enlarged cinchona derivatives (hub-cinchonas), which were tested as organocatalysts and their catalytic activities were compared with the parent cinchona (hydroquinine) catalyst. We showed that in the hydroxyalkylation reaction of indole, hydroquinine provides good enantioselectivities (up to 73% ee), while the four new size-enlarged derivatives resulted in significantly lower values (up to 29% ee) in this reaction. Anchoring cinchonas to trifunctional cores was found to facilitate nanofiltration-supported catalyst recovery using the PolarClean alternative solvent. The C3-symmetric size-enlarged organocatalysts were completely rejected by all the applied membranes, whereas the separation of hydroquinine was found to be insufficient when using organic solvent nanofiltration. Furthermore, the asymmetric catalysis was successfully demonstrated in the case of the Michael reaction of 1,3-diketones and trans-β-nitrostyrene using Hub3-cinchona (up to 96% ee) as a result of the positive effect of the C3-symmetric structure using a bulkier substrate. This equates to an increased selectivity of the catalyst in comparison to hydroquinine in the latter Michael reaction.
Study of Cascading Failure in Multisubnet Composite Complex Networks
Authors: Sun Gengxin , Chen Chih-Cheng , Bin Sheng
Published: March 2021

Current research on the cascading failure of coupling networks is mostly based on hierarchical network models and is limited to a single relationship. In reality, many relationships exist in a network system, and these relationships collectively affect the process and scale of the network cascading failure. In this paper, a composite network is constructed based on the multisubnet composite complex network model, and its cascading failure is proposed combined with multiple relationships. The effect of intranetwork relationships and coupling relationships on network robustness under different influencing factors is studied. It is shown that cascading failure in composite networks is different from coupling networks, and increasing the strength of the coupling relationship can significantly improve the robustness of the network.
Actual Evapotranspiration Estimates in Arid Cold Regions Using Machine Learning Algorithms with In Situ and Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Mosre Josefina , Suárez Francisco
Published: March 2021

Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) estimations in arid regions are challenging because this process is highly dynamic over time and space. Nevertheless, several studies have shown good results when implementing empirical regression formulae that, despite their simplicity, are comparable in accuracy to more complex models. Although many types of regression formulae to estimate ETa exist, there is no consensus on what variables must be included in the analysis. In this research, we used machine learning algorithms—through implementation of empirical linear regression formulae—to find the main variables that control daily and monthly ETa in arid cold regions, where there is a lack of available ETa data. Meteorological data alone and then combined with remote sensing vegetation indices (VIs) were used as input in ETa estimations. In situ ETa and meteorological data were obtained from ten sites in Chile, Australia, and the United States. Our results indicate that the available energy is the main meteorological variable that controls ETa in the assessed sites, despite the fact that these regions are typically described as water-limited environments. The VI that better represents the in situ ETa is the Normalized Difference Water Index, which represents water availability in plants and soils. The best performance of the regression equations in the validation sites was obtained for monthly estimates with the incorporation of VIs (R2 = 0.82), whereas the worst performance of these equations was obtained for monthly ETa estimates when only meteorological data were considered. Incorporation of remote-sensing information results in better ETa estimates compared to when only meteorological data are considered.
Meat receiving with functional properties when feeding the rabbits and broiler chickens of metal and protein complexes
Authors: Toporova L. V. , Gryaditskaya L. V. , Toporova I. V. , Syrovatski M. V.
Published: March 2021

The results of researches on the infl uence of new metal and protein compounds in the feeding of rabbits and broiler chickens on the quality of meat have been presented in the paper. The researches have been aimed at solving the urgent problem of providing the population of country with complete-fl edged diets, which today account for up to 30 % of meat products. The paper shows that a lifetime change in the chemical composition and nutritional value of muscle tissue, obtaining functional foods is possible when correcting the micromineral part of the diet of animals through the use of metal and protein complexes Belmin and Chrombelmin. The use of modern research methods allowed us to determine the optimal rate of feeding these feed additives. The results have been shown that the inclusion in the diet of rabbits organic complex Belmin in an amount of 2,0 dose per head/day has increased content in muscle tissue of rabbits of iron (+37,8 %, P < 0,001), copper (+34,66 %, P < 0,001), zinc (+27,01 %, P < 0,001) and essential amino acids (+5,1–0,53 %). Feeding Chrombelmin to broiler chickens as part of compound feed (0,15 %) has increased the level of selenium in the chest muscle by 3 times (P < 0,001), in the femoral muscle – by 1,25 times. The content of manganese, zinc, and chromium changes slightly. In the breast muscle of broilers the lipid content has been increased by 1,37 % (P < 0,05), and in the femoral muscle it decreased by 1,11 % (P < 0,05). The use of metal and protein feed additives Belmin and Chrombelmin in animal husbandry increases productivity, as well as the production of meat products with the increase of content of micronutrients, which will provide the population with not only high-quality, but also useful for health food products.
Natural resistance of marals of Altai-Sayan breed during the process of adaptation under the environments of the Republic of Tyva
Authors: Sambyla Ch. N. , Bessonova N. M. , Chysyma R. B.
Published: March 2021

The Republic of Tyva is a region in the geographical center of Asia, which located at the junction of the Siberian taiga and Central Asian desert-steppe landscapes, in a wide band of mountains and intermountain plains. The mountain-forest area of Tyva has long been considered a natural habitat for antler deer, one of which is the maral (Cervus elaphus sibiricus). In order to restore maral breeding and increase the number of marals in the former limits, marals of the Altai-Sayan breed have been imported to the Republic of Tyva from the Republic of Altai. The preservation of productive traits, reproductive function and the realization of the genetic potential of animals introduced to new climatic conditions largely depends on the ability of these animals to adapt to existing environments. We have assessed in this paper the natural resistance of the marals of Altai-Sayan breed during introduction in the Tyva Republic in comparison with the indicators of the marals have been bred in the Altai Republic. The researches have been carried out in 2019. The research material was blood samples of marals of Altai-Sayan breed imported to the Republic of Tuva (n=27) and marals of the same breed bred in the Republic of Altai (n=17). Studies have shown some deviations in the blood leukogram of imported marals, such as a decrease in the number of eosinophils and rod nuclear neutrophils (P < 0,001), the increase in the number of segmented nuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes (P < 0,05). The number of monocytes have been increased in 18,6 times compared to the Altai marals. The change in the number of monocytes exceeded the physiological norm by 24,7 %. The indicator of adaptation evaluation in imported marals had higher values (6,8), which were in 1,7 times higher than in marals bred in the Altai Republic (4,1), which indicates the intensity of adaptive mechanisms in imported animals during adaptation. Analysis of phagocytic activity and phagocytic index revealed intensive phagocytosis in imported marals: phagocytic activity – by 12,4 % (P < 0,05), phagocytic index – by 5,1 %, and the increase in the content of lysosomal and cationic proteins by 12,8 % (P < 0,05). Analysis of the bactericidal activity of blood serum has shown its lower level in imported animals (45,97±1,36 %), compared with marals of the same breed bred in the Altai Republic (52,19±2,15 at P < 0,05). Thus, according to most indicators of natural resistance marals of Altai-Sayan breed imported to Tyva have a fairly high level of natural protection, which indicates that they can be adapted to the natural climatic and feeding conditions of the Republic of Tyva.
Bactericidal activity of disinfectants
Authors: Lysko S. B. , Zadorozhnaya M. V. , Suntsova O. A.
Published: March 2021

The modern market of drugs off ers a wide range of disinfectants. However, the constant use of the same drugs contributes to the development of resistance in the microfl ora and reduces the quality of activities. In this regard to develop eff ective measures to combat and prevent infectious diseases, it is necessary to periodically monitor the activity of disinfectants used in the enterprise. The purpose of the researches was to study the bactericidal eff ect of disinfectants on the microfl ora of poultry enterprises. The researches have been carried out at the Siberian Scientifi c and Research Institute of Poultry Farming – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientifi c Institution “Omsk Agrarian Scientifi c Center”. The activity of 8 disinfectants to 37 test cultures isolated from poultry farms of diff erent productivity trends and species of poultry (chickens, turkeys, quails) has been tested. It has been found as a result of the conducted research that the most expressed bactericidal eff ect on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms were complex disinfectants, which included glutaraldehyde in combination with quaternary ammonium compounds. Thus, 1 % solutions of Gludesive and Viroshield provided the death of all test cultures, Dinovis Ultra and TN-4+ – 92 and 84 % of cultures. The disinfecting activity of Mirosan drug and formalin was most expressed for gram-positive microfl ora, among gram-negative microfl ora resistance was registered in 25–75 % and 25–50 % of cultures, respectively. Drugs EcoSide Advansa and Ecocide C have showed the lowest activity to all investigated microorganisms. The largest number of resistant cultures to the tested disinfectants have been registered in the bacteria of the genus Citrobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while simultaneously noted resistance to 4–6 drugs.
Economic and biological features of young cattle of Kalmyk breed of different breed types
Authors: Tretyakova R. F.
Published: March 2021

Domestic beef cattle breeding is faced with a difficult task to accelerate the development of the industry in the context of a course on import substitution, which involves not only increasing the volume of raw materials produced, but also improving the quality of products. The purpose of the research was a comparative test of new breed types of Kalmyk cattle with the study of biological and economic features in terms of the formation of reproductive traits and meat productivity, as well as the composition of proteins and lipids of meat, morphometry of muscle tissue in young animals for further improvement of the breed. Comprehensive researches on the economic and biological characteristics and meat production taking into account bioconversion of nutrients in feed products, the qualitative assessment of meat in relation to the histological organization of muscle tissue, amino acid and fatty acid composition of proteins and lipids of meat and given the economic effectiveness of growing of young Kalmyk breed of new factory types Aita and Voznesenovsky have been carried out under environment of the Southern Federal District. Analysis of data on the intensity of daily body weight gain for the entire period of control rearing has shown that castrated bullates of Voznesenovsky type have surpassed herdmates of Aita type by 27,6 g or 3,43 %. A similar situation has been observed among heifers of different types. Different terms of implementation of individual cycles of reproductive function in heifers have been established. Heifers of Voznesenovsky type differed in an earlier period of sexual maturity by 3,9–7,8 days, relative to heifers of Aita type. A comparative analysis of the economic and biological characteristics of castrated bullates and heifers of Kalmyk breed of different breed types has shown the superiority of young animals of Voznesenovsky breed type.
Economic and biological and selection value of early ripening soybean varieties in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals
Authors: Ivanenko A. S. , Sozonova A. N.
Published: March 2021

Soybean is a universal food and feed crop. Soybean protein is close to animal protein in its amino acid composition. Soybean is an excellent precursor for many crops. After soybean, suffi cient nitrogen remains in the soil, which reduces the need for pre-sowing mineral fertilizer for the crop. The purpose of the researches is to determine the economic, biological and selection value of early ripening soybean varieties in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals. In the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Ural region, collection samples of soybean were tested for economic, biological and selection characteristics. A comprehensive assessment of precocious soybean varieties on economic and valuable characteristics and yield for environmental plasticity and stability, as well as the correlation between yield and quality indicators of soybean seeds and elements of its structure has been established. Soybean varieties that are adaptive to local natural and climatic conditions have been identifi ed such as: Kasatka, Chera 1, Krasnoobskaya, SibNIIK-315 as sources of valuable traits for further use in breeding and agricultural production. These same soybean varieties were the most cost-eff ective, where the level of profi tability was from 265,0 to 306,3 %. Due to the high yield (from 2,18 to 2,43 t/ha), these varieties provided the highest collection of protein and fat (from 0,87 to 0,95 t/ha), and due to the high protein content in the grain, they provided the lowest prime-cost of this valuable product in soybean (from 5710 to 6360 Rub/t). Early ripening soybean varieties have the highest fat collection per 1 ha (0,40–0,43 t) and the lowest prime-cost (32 250–34 670 Rub/t). Other varieties showed lower yields and as a result were less cost-eff ective. Soybean cultivation in the Tyumen region is economically profi table with the seeds yield of 0,9 t/ha.
Extruders and expanders: a review of technologies and technical means
Authors: Blagov D. A. , Mironova I. V. , Mitrofanov S. V. , Nigmatiyanov A. A. , Sultanbaev U. R.
Published: March 2021

Technological machines for the extrusion and expansion of various feed materials have been considered in the paper. The presented machines allow not only processing plant feed, but also creating compound feed based on grain with the addition of 15 % of the mass of insect larvae. This allows you to increase the protein value of the resulting feed. Experiments on the solubility of extrudate have shown that in comparison with such forms of feed as granules or grits, this type of feed can form a homogeneous mass that will be completely absorbed in the digestive system. A comparative analysis of extruders and expanders has shown that these machines have differences in design and specific requirements for the humidity of processing feed. By design expanders unlike extruders have an additional steam preparation unit, which provides additional moisture to the processing feed. This in turn reduces the total processing time of raw materials. The advantage of expanders is the ability to work with fairly wet lump raw materials and in less aggressive conditions compared to the extruder. The feed obtained after processing is characterized by a high degree of nutrition and digestibility, good taste. Design innovations of the German company Amandus Kahl in the field of barothermal feed processing allowed to improve the expansion process and increase the productivity of these machines. The technical improvement of the expander consists in the use of an annular matrix similar to the matrix of the press granulator. The main component of the Amandus Kahl expander is a hydraulic retractable cone that operates on the side of the exhaust port of the crown-shaped matrix, making forward and backward movements. Depending on the position of the cone in the matrix, more or less holes are opened for the production of pellets.
Development of technologies for the restoration of degraded land
Authors: Mironova A. , Lickin I.
Published: March 2021

Land degradation is a gradual deterioration of its properties caused by changes in soil formation. The purpose of the study is to analyze degraded soil lands and to justify the composition of technological complexes for restoration treatments of neglected lands. They showed that in the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia degraded lands are divided into whole, deposit with powerful and lowpower dern. The peculiarities of the main types of degraded lands and recommendations to technical complexes were revealed. It has been shown that the majority of the whole and deposit lands are located on the blackened old arable lands covered with shrub and wood vegetation, on the marshland areas, in the sites of peatland accumulation and near the river fl oodplains. In order to restore degraded land, it is necessary to form special bioactive recultivation technologies, specialized machines and units for their implementation, as well as to develop a set of measures to involve significant areas of productive land in the active agricultural circulation, taking into account their environmental, economic and social importance.
Application of energy-saving lamps in animal husbandry
Authors: Trotsenko V. , Trotsenko I. , Kostomakhin M.
Published: March 2021

Currently, three types of lamps are used to illuminate livestock premises, which diff er in the principle of operation: incandescent lamps, fl uorescent and LED. For more than fi fty years, fl uorescent lamps have been produced, which have much better light and energy characteristics, but such shortcomings as a complex switching scheme, noise, fl icker limit the use of these lamps in production facilities. An integral part of the microclimate of rabbit-breeding premises is the illumination, the corresponding values of the parameters of which can be achieved using various sources of artificial lighting. A comparative analysis of experimental data on the use of incandescent lamps and compact fl uorescent lamps for lighting livestock buildings has been carried out. Comparison of lighting costs confirms the cost-eff ectiveness of compact fl uorescent lamps. The total cost of lighting is reduced by almost 2 times, but the cost of lighting compact fl uorescent lamps is about 50 % of annual costs. While with incandescent lamps the maintenance costs do not exceed 6 %. The use of compact fl uorescent lamps for lighting livestock premises is an effective measure for energy saving. Compact fl uorescent lamps can reduce power consumption by about three times, but not fi ve times, as manufacturers say. The widespread implementation of compact fl uorescent lamps is constrained by the unreasonably high price–quality ratio of these products. This leads to the need for large fi nancial costs for the purchase of compact fl uorescent lamps and increase their payback period.
Repair and adjustment of forage harvesters
Authors: Kostomakhin M.
Published: March 2021

The article presents recommendations for the repair and adjustment of forage trailed (mounted) harvesters KPKU-75, KPI-2,4, KIK-3000 "Polesie", KSS-2,6 A-1, KS-1,8 is intended for farmers, machine operators and professionals engaged in technical service and operation of agricultural machinery in farms and repair and maintenance enterprises. Documentation of manufacturers, materials of VIM (GOSNITI) and advanced experience of repair of forage equipment were used in development of recommendations. The fi rst part of the recommendations contains the basic requirements that ensure the performance of forage harvesters, as well as safety measures during their repair. In the second part will be given instructions on the preparation of forage harvesters to work.
Issues of rationalization and determination of total costs for technical service of livestock equipment
Authors: Kovalev L. , Kovalev I.
Published: March 2021

The most important main points of an improved methodology for determining the costs of maintenance and repair of livestock equipment using standards are considered, the features of accounting and planning of this type of work (technical service of livestock equipment) are noted. The general provisions of the methodology for calculating the basic wage are given, depending on the choice of the form of remuneration by the technical maintenance and repair of livestock equipment. To simplify these calculations, the rationale for establishing a single common coefficient that takes into account the accrual on the basic wages of workers when performing various types of work by farm specialists (accrual of additional wages for workers, social security contributions and the level of overhead from the main wage), etc.
Method of increasing efficiency of using agricultural machinery
Authors: Stopalov S. , Kostomakhin M.
Published: March 2021

Article is devoted to topical issue for the agricultural producer — shortage of equipment during the most loaded periods of work (harvesting, spring and field works, etc.). The way which can help to get rid of deficiency of equipment in peak loadings is described.
New industrial solutions in the organization of the production process
Authors: Chavdarov A. , Kostomakhin M. , Stankovich Sashо
Published: March 2021

The results of development and implementation of software and technical solutions for assembly process control at the level of production shop and site at industrial enterprises are presented. The main basic software modules and their relationship in the production process are installed. Specific examples of practical software implementation in the current production are shown.
Analytical support of the main trends
in the development of the livestock industry
Authors: Kostyukova Elena , Frolov Alexander
Published: March 2021

Agriculture is the most important area of economic activity for the production
of products and services in order to provide the population with quality
food, industry with raw materials and promote sustainable development of
rural areas. In recent years, there has been a downward trend in the rate
of agricultural development, which is lagging behind the growth rate of the
Russian economy as a whole. Structural changes in the agro-industrial
complex have not produced significant positive results, which is caused by
a number of reasons. One of the directions of agricultural policy in Russia
is the accelerated development of animal husbandry and increasing the
competitiveness of domestic livestock products in the domestic market.
The state program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for
agricultural products, raw materials and food provides for a set of measures for the
priority development of animal husbandry. Implementation of these measures requires
improved management in order to increase the efficiency of livestock production.
The article considers aspects of the formation of accounting and analytical support
for management of the livestock industry, economic and statistical analysis of trends
and structural changes in the livestock industry. The best practices of Russian scientists
in the field of accounting and agricultural Economics are summarized
Improving statistical analysis of social inequality in Russia
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Associate Professor at the Department of Taxes and Tax Administration, Financial University, Tikhonova Anna Vitalievna
Published: March 2021

The study is devoted to a comprehensive assessment of social inequality in Russia using the Gini index, the coefficient of funds and indicators of incomes of the population. The growing income gap between poor and rich citizens has been revealed, while the material situation of the middle class is improving. Positive results of the state housing policy were noted. The author developed a methodology for assessing the territorial differences of social imbalances, based on the calculation of the final criterion of territorial differentiation. Testing of the methodology revealed the presence of negative trends in strengthening social stratification across the regions of Russia.
Beneficios del abordaje fisioterapéutico en la recuperación del dolor muscular de aparición tardía y su influencia en el rendimiento deportivo
Authors: García Quirós Didier Adolfo , Cyrus Barker Erika , Roselló-Araya Marlene
Published: March 2021

Introducción: el dolor muscular de aparición tardía (DOMS, por sus siglas en inglés), se encuentra dentro de la categoría de lesiones musculares por sobrecarga, cuando esto sucede el atleta no es capaz de realizar sus sesiones de entrenamiento o incluso puede perder la oportunidad de competir.  Se realiza esta revisión narrativa con el fin de establecer los beneficios del abordaje fisioterapéutico en la recuperación del DOMS y su influencia en el rendimiento del deportivo. Metodología:  estudio descriptivo de revisión bibliográfica basado en artículos ubicados en PubMed, Academic, Search Ultimate, EBSCOhost, en inglés y español durante 2015-2020, utiliza la combinación de descriptores relacionados a DOMS, recuperación muscular y rendimiento deportivo.  Se incluyeron 34 artículos, clasificados según el nivel de evidencia de Sackett como sigue: 8 artículos de nivel 1 (24%), 9 de nivel 2 (27%), 5 de nivel 3 (15%), 8 de nivel 4 (24%) y 4 de nivel 5 (10%).  Resultados: las modalidades de crioterapia y terapia compresiva han demostrado evidencia significativa en el tratamiento del DOMS, son efectivos para atenuar el dolor, reducir la inflamación. El estiramiento no ha demostrado ser efectivo, pues sólo provoca analgesia temporal. El masaje ha demostrado flexibilidad, puede utilizarse como técnica preventiva y de tratamiento, pues genera modulación del tono muscular y recuperación del equilibrio metabólico. En estadios subagudos, la aplicación de radio frecuencia se encuentra indicada, al incidir en el aporte de oxígeno y nutrientes necesarios para la recuperación muscular. Conclusiones: un factor crítico que influye en el rendimiento deportivo es la presencia del dolor muscular de aparición tardía; múltiples beneficios se asocian a su abordaje fisioterapéutico. Resulta fundamental ya que, potencia las habilidades físicas e interviene sobre los procesos fisiológicos que se encuentran alterados con la aparición de dicho trastorno.
Cambio de perspectiva en los paradigmas y prácticas profesionales en el acompañamiento de personas que usan sustancias psicoactivas: análisis desde la Psicología y la Terapia Ocupacional.
Authors: Vindas Acosta Javier , Valdelomar Marín Erick
Published: March 2021

La siguiente es una revisión conceptual gestionada a partir de la experiencia desarrollada en Costa Rica sobre el abordaje de personas que usan sustancias psicoactivas, desde diferentes paradigmas de atención de salud que han atravesado la forma en que se entiende, acompaña, atiende e interviene los trastornos de sustancias psicoactivas y se ofertan modalidades de servicios gestionados por el estado y la sociedad civil. Para esto partimos de la premisa que el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas son un hecho histórico-cultural-socioeconómico, en la relación ser humano y el medio ambiente en el desarrollo de la humanidad. El objetivo es brindar una reflexión que permita a los lectores un cuestionamiento sobre sus creencias y la relación de estas con las prácticas de prestación de servicios, para identificar desde qué paradigma se están brindando las mismas. Como conclusiones de los autores, se propone que aun hoy paradigmas históricos (desde miradas mecanicistas, centradas en la enfermedad, con un enfoque bio-médico predominante y la radicalidad de la abstinencia como única meta posible), que ya parecían haber  sido superados e integrados, atraviesan el entendimiento y acompañamiento de profesionales y servicios que atienden personas que usan sustancias psicoactivas: lo que limita una implementación de estrategias e intervenciones integrales con enfoque de derechos humanos, desarrolladas en co-construcción con las personas, familias y comunidades de  acuerdo a su realidad y necesidades.
EL EBRANDING O BRANDING DIGITAL FORTALEZA DEL FUTURO
Authors: De Escobar-Fernández Arturo Martínez , Avalos-Díaz Aránsazu
Published: March 2021

El eBranding o Branding Digital fortaleza del futuro, tiene como principal objetivo, conocer hacia dónde va la comunicación digital, las oportunidades de negocio que supone para las compañías, el rol del eBranding en este nuevo contexto, tiene un enfoque cualitativo con alcance correlacional explicativo, diseño no experimental donde participan las empresas pretendiendo tener una visibilidad en red obteniendo un mayor beneficio para la compañía, satisfaciendo las expectativas de los usuarios cuidando su reputación Online, teniendo como misión traducir el estilo de vida que las marcas, de esta manera, se visualizan los beneficios como una nueva forma de gestión en la utilización de medios digitales, donde se puede ver que se destacan otros contenidos corporativos y alta tecnología por parte del eBranding. Hoy en un mundo sin fronteras, donde la tecnología copia hasta el ADN de las personas, el branding es imprescindible en la gestión de todos los negocios.
POLA KOMUNIKASI SINGLE PARENT TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN KARAKTER ANAK
Authors: Aisy Nisrina Syifa , Purba Veny
Published: March 2021

Pola komunikasi antara orang tua single parent dan anak sangat berpengaruh terhadap sikap dan  prilaku anak, namun beberapa diantara orang tua sigle parent beberapa kasus yang ditinggalkan karena bercerai atau karena meninggal dunia. Komunikasi interpersonal sangat berpegaruh dalam pola komunikasi orang tua single parent menjalankan perannya sebagai orang tua yang harus memberikan dukungan moral maupun moril terhadap pembentukkan karakter anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola komunikasi orang tua single parent  terhadap pembentukkan karakter anak. penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi kasus. Subjek penelitian single father dan single mother yang di tinggalkan karena bercerai ataua yang di tinggalkan karena meninggal dunia. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian pada subjek menunjukkan bahwa pola komunikasi antara orang tua single parent dan anak sangatlah penting dalam membentuk karakter anak. Subjek mempunyai beberapa hambatan dalam menjalankan peran mereka, dan beberapa diantara mereka mempunyai hambatan dalam memerankan peran ayah/ibu bagi anak, beberapa diantara mereka mempunyai hambatan ketika harus memerankan sosok ayah bagi ibu single parent, dan menjadi sosok ibu bagi ayah single parent teori yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah teori peran dimana orang tua single parent memerankan aktor dimana sebagai pemberi pesan kepada anak sebagai target.
KOMUNIKASI PARIWISATA 4.0
Authors: Prayitno Yudanto , Fitriani Dinda Rakhma , Eviyani Eviyani
Published: March 2021

Video Blog (Vlog) President Joko Widodo on social media Youtube is a Vlog that is quite well known in cyberspace. In President Joko Widodo's Vlog, there are several videos related to Indonesian tourism including #JKWVLOG Indah Mandalika and #JKWVLOG Raja Ampat. President Joko Widodo conducts Vlogging activities in the two tourist destinations. This study aims to analyze the campaign destinations of Mandalika and Raja Ampat tourist destinations. This research method uses qualitative methods with case studies to analyze the digital campaigns of Mandalika and Raja Ampat tourist destinations. Data collection techniques used were documentation studies, observational studies, interviews, literature studies, data searches carried out online. Tourism communication 4.0 is digital communication which is influenced by information and communication technology. This technological change is accompanied by a change in the culture of people who like to share photos and videos. These cultural changes should be used to campaign for Mandalika and Raja Ampat tourist destinations. Mr. Jokowi has given an example in the Mandalika and Raja Ampat tourist destination campaigns by utilizing social media which is more trend, especially vlogs. The use of vlogs by Mr. Jokowi is one form of tourism communication 4.0.