bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary Prevention of ASCVD and T2DM in Patients at Metabolic Risk: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Rosenzweig James L , Bakris George L , Berglund Lars F , Hivert Marie-France , Horton Edward S , Kalyani Rita R , Murad M Hassan , Vergès Bruno L
Published: August 2019

Objective

To develop clinical practice guidelines for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in individuals at metabolic risk for developing these conditions.

Conclusions

Health care providers should incorporate regular screening and identification of individuals at metabolic risk (at higher risk for ASCVD and T2DM) with measurement of blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting lipid profile, and blood glucose. Individuals identified at metabolic risk should undergo 10-year global risk assessment for ASCVD or coronary heart disease to determine targets of therapy for reduction of apolipoprotein B–containing lipoproteins. Hypertension should be treated to targets outlined in this guideline. Individuals with prediabetes should be tested at least annually for progression to diabetes and referred to intensive diet and physical activity behavioral counseling programs. For the primary prevention of ASCVD and T2DM, the Writing Committee recommends lifestyle management be the first priority. Behavioral programs should include a heart-healthy dietary pattern and sodium restriction, as well as an active lifestyle with daily walking, limited sedentary time, and a structured program of physical activity, if appropriate. Individuals with excess weight should aim for loss of ≥5% of initial body weight in the first year. Behavior changes should be supported by a comprehensive program led by trained interventionists and reinforced by primary care providers. Pharmacological and medical therapy can be used in addition to lifestyle modification when recommended goals are not achieved.
Syndapin constricts microvillar necks to form a united rhabdomere in Drosophila photoreceptors
Authors: Ogi Sakiko , Matsuda Atsushi , Otsuka Yuna , Liu Ziguang , Satoh Takunori , Satoh Akiko K.
Published: August 2019

Drosophila photoreceptors develop from polarized epithelial cells that have apical and basolateral membranes. During morphogenesis, the apical membranes subdivide into a united bundle of photosensory microvilli (rhabdomeres) and a surrounding supporting membrane (stalk). By EMS-induced mutagenesis screening, we found that the F-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) protein syndapin is essential for apical membrane segregation. The analysis of the super-resolution microscopy, STORM and the electron microscopy suggest that syndapin localizes to the neck of the microvilli at the base of the rhabdomere. Syndapin and moesin are required to constrict the neck of the microvilli to organize the membrane architecture at the base of the rhabdomere, to exclude the stalk membrane. Simultaneous loss of syndapin along with the microvilli adhesion molecule chaoptin significantly enhanced the disruption of stalk-rhabdomere segregation. However, loss of the factors involving endocytosis do not interfere. These results indicated syndapin is most likely functioning through its membrane curvature properties, and not through endocytic processes for stalk-rhabdomere segregation. Elucidation of the mechanism of this unconventional domain formation will provide novel insights into the field of cell biology.
Hematopoietic stem cell-independent hematopoiesis and the origins of innate-like B lymphocytes
Authors: Ghosn Eliver , Yoshimoto Momoko , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Weissman Irving L. , Herzenberg Leonore A.
Published: August 2019

The current paradigm that a single long-term hematopoietic stem cell can regenerate all components of the mammalian immune system has been challenged by recent findings in mice. These findings show that adult tissue-resident macrophages and innate-like lymphocytes develop early in fetal hematopoiesis from progenitors that emerge prior to, and apparently independently of, conventional long-term hematopoietic stem cells. Here, we discuss these recent findings, which show that an early and distinct wave of hematopoiesis occurs for all major hematopoietic lineages. These data provide evidence that fetal hematopoietic progenitors not derived from the bona fide long-term hematopoietic stem cells give rise to tissue-resident immune cells that persist throughout adulthood. We also discuss recent insights into B lymphocyte development and attempt to synthesize seemingly contradictory recent findings on the origins of innate-like B-1a lymphocytes during fetal hematopoiesis.
Laminin α2 controls mouse and human stem cell behaviour during midbrain dopaminergic neuron development
Authors: Ahmed Maqsood , Marziali Leandro N. , Arenas Ernest , Feltri M. Laura , ffrench-Constant Charles
Published: August 2019

The development of the central nervous system requires the coordination of proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Here, we show that laminin alpha 2 (lm-α2) is a component of the midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) progenitor niche in the ventral midbrain (VM) and identify a concentration-dependent role for lm211 in regulating mDA progenitor proliferation and survival via distinct set of receptors. At high-concentrations, lm211 rich environments maintain mDA progenitors in a proliferative state via integrins α6β1 and α7β1. Whereas low concentrations of lm211 support mDA lineage survival via dystroglycan receptors. We confirmed our findings in vivo where, in the absence of lm-α2, the VM was smaller, with increased apoptosis, and the progenitor pool depleted through premature differentiation resulting in fewer mDA neurons. In examining mDA neuron subtype composition we found a reduction in later-born mDA neurons of the ventral tegmental area, which control a range of cognitive behaviours. Our results identify a novel role for lm in neural development and provide a possible mechanism for autism-like behaviours and brainstem hypoplasia seen in some patients with mutations of the human lm-α2 gene.
Serotonin receptor oligomerization regulates cAMP-based signaling
Authors: Prasad Sonal , Ponimaskin Evgeni , Zeug Andre
Published: August 2019

Protein–protein interaction is often investigated using quantitative molecular microscopy with Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET). Here, we combined ‘linear unmixing FRET’ (lux-FRET) with the simultaneous application of a FRET-based biosensor for cAMP to investigate the oligomerization between the 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7R, also known as HTR7) and the 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR, also known as HTR1A) and its importance for cAMP signaling. We found that the 5-HT7R not only stimulates cAMP production, but also forms hetero-oligomers with 5-HT1AR, which blocks the inhibitory effect of the latter. 5-HT7R signaling, however, is not affected by this hetero-oligomerization. By modeling the kinetics of intracellular cAMP level changes in relation to the 5-HT7R:5-HT1AR stoichiometry, we were able to decipher the complex signaling characteristics of endogenous serotonin receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons. Our findings indicate that serotonergic signaling is not only modulated by the concentration of an individual receptor but also by its specific interaction with other receptors in endogenous systems. We conclude that the regulated ratio of serotonin receptors in immature and mature neurons may be critically involved in both the onset and response to treatments of psychiatric diseases, such as anxiety and depression.
Glucocorticoids delay RAF-induced senescence promoted by EGR1
Authors: Carvalho Cyril , L'Hôte Valentin , Courbeyrette Régis , Kratassiouk Gueorgui , Pinna Guillaume , Cintrat Jean-Christophe , Denby-Wilkes Cyril , Derbois Céline , Olaso Robert , Deleuze Jean-François , Mann Carl , Thuret Jean-Yves
Published: August 2019

Expression of hyperactive RAF kinases, such as the oncogenic B-RAF-V600E mutant, in normal human cells triggers a proliferative arrest that blocks tumor formation. We discovered that glucocorticoids delayed the entry into senescence induced by B-RAF-V600E in human fibroblasts, and allowed senescence bypass when the cells were regularly passaged, but that they did not allow proliferation of cells that were already senescent. Transcriptome and siRNA analyses revealed that the EGR1 gene is one target of glucocorticoid action. Transcription of the EGR1 gene is activated by the RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK pathway and acts as a sensor of hyper-mitogenic pathway activity. The EGR1 transcription factor regulates the expression of p15 and p21 (encoded by CDKN2B and CDKN1A, respectively) that are redundantly required for the proliferative arrest of BJ fibroblasts upon expression of B-RAF-V600E. Our results highlight the need to evaluate the action of glucocorticoid on cancer progression in melanoma, thyroid and colon carcinoma in which B-RAF-V600E is a frequent oncogene, and cancers in which evasion from senescence has been shown.
The Chlamydomonas flagellar membrane glycoprotein FMG-1B is necessary for expression of force at the flagellar surface
Authors: Bloodgood Robert A. , Tetreault Joseph , Sloboda Roger D.
Published: August 2019

In addition to bend propagation for swimming, Chlamydomonas cells use their flagella to glide along a surface. When polystyrene microspheres are added to cells, they attach to and move along the flagellar surface, thus serving as a proxy for gliding that can be used to assay for the flagellar components required for gliding motility. Gliding and microsphere movement are dependent on intraflagellar transport (IFT). Circumstantial evidence suggests that mechanical coupling of the IFT force-transducing machinery to a substrate is mediated by the flagellar transmembrane glycoprotein FMG-1B. Here, we show that cells carrying an insertion in the 5′-UTR of the FMG-1B gene lack FMG-1B protein, yet assemble normal-length flagella despite the loss of the major protein component of the flagellar membrane. Transmission electron microscopy shows a complete loss of the glycocalyx normally observed on the flagellar surface, suggesting it is composed of the ectodomains of FMG-1B molecules. Microsphere movements and gliding motility are also greatly reduced in the 5′-UTR mutant. Together, these data provide the first rigorous demonstration that FMG-1B is necessary for the normal expression of force at the flagellar surface in Chlamydomonas.

This article has an associated First Person interview with authors from the paper.
Ontogenetic change in predicted acoustic pressure sensitivity in larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)
Authors: Salas A. K. , Wilson P. S. , Fuiman L. A.
Published: August 2019

Detecting acoustic pressure can improve a fish's survival and fitness through increased sensitivity to environmental sounds. Pressure detection results from interactions between the swim bladder and otoliths. In larval fishes, those interactions change rapidly as growth and development alter bladder dimensions and otolith-bladder distances. We used computed tomography imagery of lab-reared larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in a finite-element model to assess ontogenetic change in acoustic pressure sensitivity in response to a plane wave at frequencies within the frequency range of hearing by fishes. We compared the acceleration at points on the sagitta, asteriscus, and lapillus when the bladder was air-filled to results from models using a water-filled bladder. For larvae of 8.5 to 18 mm in standard length, the air-filled bladder amplified simulated otolith motion by a factor of 54 to 3485 times that of a water-filled bladder at 100 Hz. Otolith-bladder distances increased with standard length, which decreased modelled amplification. The concomitant rapid increase in bladder volume partially compensated for the effect of increasing otolith-bladder distances. Calculated resonant frequencies of the bladders were between 8750 Hz and 4250 Hz, and resonant frequency decreased with increasing bladder volume. There was a relatively flat frequency dependence of these effects in the audible frequency range, but we found a small increase in amplification with increasing excitation frequency. Using idealized geometry, we found that the larval vertebrae and ribs have negligible influence on bladder motion. Our results help clarify the auditory consequences of ontogenetic changes in bladder morphology and otolith-bladder relationships during larval stages.
How Market Design Emerged from Game Theory: A Mutual Interview
Authors: Roth Alvin E. , Wilson Robert B.
Published: August 2019

We interview each other about how game theory and mechanism design evolved into practical market design. When we learned game theory, games were modeled either in terms of the strategies available to the players (“noncooperative games”) or the outcomes attainable by coalitions (“cooperative games”), and these were viewed as models for different kinds of games. The model itself was viewed as a mathematical object that could be examined in its entirety. Market design, however, has come to view these models as complementary approaches for examining different ways marketplaces operate within their economic environment. Because that environment can be complex, there will be unobservable aspects of the game. Mathematical models themselves play a less heroic, stand-alone role in market design than in the theoretical mechanism design literature. Other kinds of investigation, communication, and persuasion are important in crafting a workable design and helping it to be adopted, implemented, maintained, and adapted.
Do Increasing Markups Matter? Lessons from Empirical Industrial Organization
Authors: Berry Steven , Gaynor Martin , Morton Fiona Scott
Published: August 2019

This article considers the recent literature on firm markups in light of both new and classic work in the field of industrial organization. We detail the shortcomings of papers that rely on discredited approaches from the “structure-conduct-performance” literature. In contrast, papers based on production function estimation have made useful progress in measuring broad trends in markups. However, industries are so heterogeneous that careful industry-specific studies are also required, and sorely needed. Examples of such studies illustrate differing explanations for rising markups, including endogenous increases in fixed costs associated with lower marginal costs. In some industries there is evidence of price increases driven by mergers. To fully understand markups, we must eventually recover the key economic primitives of demand, marginal cost, and fixed and sunk costs. We end by discussing the various aspects of antitrust enforcement that may be of increasing importance regardless of the cause of increased markups.
The impact of large-scale deployment of Wolbachia mosquitoes on arboviral disease incidence in Rio de Janeiro and Niterói, Brazil: study protocol for a controlled interrupted time series analysis using routine disease surveillance data
Authors: Durovni Betina , Saraceni Valeria , Eppinghaus Ana , Riback Thais I.S. , Moreira Luciano A. , Jewell Nicholas P. , Dufault Suzanne M. , O'Neill Scott L. , Simmons Cameron P. , Tanamas Stephanie K. , Anders Katherine L.
Published: August 2019

Background: Rio de Janeiro and Niterói municipalities in southeastern Brazil experience large dengue epidemics every 2 to 5 years, with >100,000 cases notified in epidemic years. Costs of vector control and direct and indirect costs due to the Aedes-borne diseases dengue, chikungunya and Zika were estimated to total $650 million USD in 2016, but traditional vector control strategies have not been effective in preventing arboviral disease outbreaks. The Wolbachia method is a novel and self-sustaining approach for the biological control of arboviral diseases, in which the transmission potential of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes is reduced by stably transfecting them with the Wolbachia bacterium. This paper describes a study protocol for evaluating the effect of large-scale non-randomised releases of Wolbachia mosquitoes on the incidence of dengue, Zika and chikungunya in the municipalities of Niterói and Rio de Janeiro. This follows a lead-in period since 2014 involving intensive community engagement, regulatory and public approval, entomological surveys, and small-scale pilot releases.

Method: The planned releases during 2017-2019 cover a combined area of 121 km2 with a resident population of 1.1 million, across the two cities. Untreated areas with comparable historical dengue profiles and sociodemographic characteristics have been identified a priori as comparative control areas in each municipality. The proposed pragmatic epidemiological approach combines a controlled interrupted time series analysis of routinely notified suspected and laboratory-confirmed arboviral cases, together with monitoring of arbovirus activity utilising outbreak signals routinely used in public health disease surveillance.

Discussion: If the current project is successful, this model for control of arboviral disease through Wolbachia releases can be expanded nationally and regionally.
The ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System Standard: Companies' Drivers, Benefits and Barriers to Its Implementation
Authors: Bravi Laura , Murmura Federica , Santos Gilberto
Published: August 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate companies' perception of the latest version (2015) of ISO 9001 in terms of motivations that pushed companies to the implementation of a Quality Management System.
Methodology: The research was conducted through a questionnaire proposed to 3,975 ISO 9001 certified companies, making a simple random sampling among the 150,143 Italian companies certified in 2018. Among the companies contacted, 493 participated in the survey and gave shape to the reference sample.
Findings: The results of the study show that the “culture of quality” is rooted in Italy and mainly in the North, which represents the most economically advanced area. With regard to the evolution of the standard from ISO 9001:2008 to 2015, companies seem to have perceived the main changes introduced with the latest revision, that helps to easily adopt its principles in companies.
Research Limitation: The main limitation of the study lies in the fact that the focus of the research was based on Italian companies. It would be important for future research to consider also other European countries, and make a comparison between them, in order to consider if companies of different markets have different motivations for implementing the standard and perceive different benefits and barriers to its implementation.
Value of paper: Few researches have focused on the latest version of the ISO 9001 standard; therefore this study gives a broad vision of how companies that have had to deal with the new standard consider it in relation to the previous version, highlighting the main strengths and weaknesses.
Manufacturers’ Competition and Cooperation in Sustainability: Stable Recycling Alliances
Authors: Tian Fang , Sošić Greys , Debo Laurens
Published: August 2019

Rather than organizing disposal of consumer-generated waste themselves, many states and countries have passed legislation that makes producers responsible for the proper disposal (i.e., recycling) of the products that they bring to the market. We study the stability of producers’ strategies emerging under such legislation. In our paper, the producers compete with multiple differentiated products in consumer markets but may consider cooperating when recycling those products to benefit from economies of scale. Products made by different producers or sold in different markets might still be considered for joint recycling. Our main questions are when and whether firm-based recycling strategies (i.e., separately recycling products falling under same brand) or market-based recycling strategies (i.e., separately recycling products falling in the same product category) emerge as stable outcomes. To that end, we analyze a series of simple producer-market configurations. We first look at an asymmetric market model with two producers making three products in two markets, and then, we look at a symmetric market model with two producers competing with four products in two markets. Our results show that, with intense market competition and differentiated market sizes, producers may recycle their products on their own without cooperating with others. In some instances, they can add a product from their competitor to their recycling mix. Because these outcomes are never socially optimal, they may reduce social welfare and require government intervention. Otherwise, with less intense competition or more equitable market shares, all-inclusive (market-based) recycling is the most common stable outcome with high (low) scale economies, and the firms’ independent choices might lead to social optima.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Dynamic Learning and Pricing with Model Misspecification
Authors: Nambiar Mila , Simchi-Levi David , Wang He
Published: August 2019

We study a multiperiod dynamic pricing problem with contextual information, where the seller uses a misspecified demand model. The seller sequentially observes past demand, updates model parameters, and then chooses the price for the next period based on time-varying features. We show that model misspecification leads to a correlation between price and prediction error of demand per period, which, in turn, leads to inconsistent price elasticity estimates and hence suboptimal pricing decisions. We propose a “random price shock” (RPS) algorithm that dynamically generates randomized price shocks to estimate price elasticity, while maximizing revenue. We show that the RPS algorithm has strong theoretical performance guarantees, that it is robust to model misspecification, and that it can be adapted to a number of business settings, including (1) when the feasible price set is a price ladder and (2) when the contextual information is not IID. We also perform offline simulations to gauge the performance of RPS on a large fashion retail data set and find that is expected to earn 8%–20% more revenue on average than competing algorithms that do not account for price endogeneity.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Supply Disruptions and Optimal Network Structures
Authors: Bimpikis Kostas , Candogan Ozan , Ehsani Shayan
Published: August 2019

This paper studies multitier supply chain networks in the presence of disruption risk. Firms decide how much to source from their upstream suppliers so as to maximize their expected profits, and prices of intermediate goods are set so that markets clear. We provide an explicit characterization of (expected) equilibrium profits, which allows us to derive insights into how the network structure—that is, the number of firms in each tier, production costs, and disruption risk—affect firms’ profits. Furthermore, we establish that networks that maximize profits for firms that operate in different stages of the production process—that is, for upstream suppliers and downstream retailers—are structurally different. In particular, the latter have relatively less diversified downstream tiers and generate more variable output than the former. Finally, we consider supply chains that are formed endogenously. Specifically, we study a setting where firms decide whether to engage in production by considering their (expected) postentry profits. We argue that endogenous entry may lead to chains that are inefficient in terms of the number of firms that engage in production.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Reducing Discrimination with Reviews in the Sharing Economy: Evidence from Field Experiments on Airbnb
Authors: Cui Ruomeng , Li Jun , Zhang Dennis J.
Published: August 2019

Recent research has found widespread discrimination by hosts against guests of certain races in online marketplaces. In this paper, we explore ways to reduce such discrimination using online reputation systems. We conducted four randomized field experiments among 1,801 hosts on Airbnb by creating fictitious guest accounts and sending accommodation requests to them. We find that requests from guests with African American–sounding names are 19.2 percentage points less likely to be accepted than those with white-sounding names. However, a positive review posted on a guest’s page significantly reduces discrimination: when guest accounts receive a positive review, the acceptance rates of guest accounts with white- and African American–sounding names are statistically indistinguishable. We further show that a nonpositive review and a blank review without any content can also help attenuate discrimination, but self-claimed information on tidiness and friendliness cannot reduce discrimination, which indicates the importance of encouraging credible peer-generated reviews. Our results offer direct and clear guidance for sharing-economy platforms to reduce discrimination.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
On Submodular Search and Machine Scheduling
Authors: Fokkink Robbert , Lidbetter Thomas , Végh László A.
Published: August 2019

Suppose that some objects are hidden in a finite set S of hiding places that must be examined one by one. The cost of searching subsets of S is given by a submodular function, and the probability that all objects are contained in a subset is given by a supermodular function. We seek an ordering of S that finds all the objects with minimal expected cost. This problem is NP-hard, and we give an efficient combinatorial 2-approximation algorithm, generalizing analogous results in scheduling theory. We also give a new scheduling application where a set of jobs must be ordered subject to precedence constraints to minimize the weighted sum of some concave function of the completion times of subsets of jobs. We go on to give better approximations for submodular functions with low total curvature, and we give a full solution when the problem is what we call series-parallel decomposable. Next, we consider a zero-sum game between a cost-maximizing hider and a cost-minimizing searcher. We prove that the equilibrium mixed strategies for the hider are in the base polyhedron of the cost function, suitably scaled, and we solve the game in the series-parallel decomposable case, giving approximately optimal strategies in other cases.
Dynamics of shell with destructive heat-protective coating under running load
Authors: ANTUFEV Boris A. , EGOROVA Olga V. , MEDVEDSKII Aleksandr L. , RABINSKIY Lev N.
Published: August 2019

The problem of dynamic deformation of a plate with a two-layer composite shell with a heat-shattering coating collapsing in time under the action of a running load is solved approximately. The problem is solved in a dynamic formulation, considering that the deformed state of the shell depends both on the spatial coordinates and on time. The problem is reduced to solving two differential equations of the shell in partial derivatives with respect to deflections and the stress function. These equations contain discontinuous ratios for unknowns, which are associated with the dynamic destruction of the heat-shielding coating. According to the Bubnov method, the problem is also reduced to a system of differential equations, but already in ordinary derivatives. The solution of these equations is obtained in closed form. In addition, the natural vibration frequencies of the structure and the critical velocities of the load are found depending on the degree of damage to the protective layer. Formulas for oscillation frequencies and critical speeds are obtained in closed form.
Impacto de la violencia comunitaria en los estilos de vida de adultos jóvenes en México
Authors: Ybarra Sagarduy José Luis , Orozco Ramírez Luz Ariadna , Gurrola Peña Gloria Margarita , Romero Reyes Daniela
Published: August 2019

En México ha aumentado con un ritmo alarmante la violencia comunitaria que engloba todos los tipos de delincuencia (asaltos, violaciones, robos, secuestros). El presente estudio tiene como objetivo comprobar cómo han modificado sus estilos de vida los adultos jóvenes mexicanos debido a la inseguridad de su comunidad y analizar si existe una relación entre la victimización directa, indirecta y contextual con estos cambios. Se llevó a cabo un estudio ex post facto de tipo retrospectivo, con un solo grupo y medidas múltiples. A una muestra de 1470 estudiantes universitarios de distintos estados del país se les aplicó la Escala de Victimización y la Escala de Exposición a la Violencia Comunitaria, y se les realizó una pregunta abierta sobre las actividades que habían dejado de hacer debido a la inseguridad de su comunidad. Más de la mitad de la muestra informa que ha dejado de hacer actividades que antes hacía (p.ej., ir a diversos lugares) o ha cambiado la frecuencia con la que lo hace, o indica que ha modificado el horario en la realización de sus actividades o en la visita a lugares, o manifiesta que toma medidas de precaución (p.ej., evitar a la gente desconocida, salir solo/a, andar como si nada en la calle, tomar taxis, cerrar puertas y ventanas). Se pudo comprobar que la victimización directa e indirecta, así como la exposición a la violencia comunitaria o victimización contextual son predictores de estos cambios en los estilos de vida de los jóvenes adultos.
Selling a dream? Information asymmetry and integrity within promotional literature for popular music courses
Authors: Hall Rich
Published: August 2019

Providers of higher education have a legal responsibility to provide accurate information to students. In an increasingly marketized sector, however, promotional imperatives place pressure on providers to ‘sell’ degrees to students. Given the indeterminate nature of popular music careers, not to mention the ‘intangible product’ that is higher education, the implicit or explicit indication of an assurance of career success upon completion of the degree could be regarded as being overstated. This article brings to bear a qualitative linguistic analysis of the terms and constructed meanings implied within promotional literature across a range of performance-based popular music degrees. It suggests that language in this context functions in a performative sense and can perpetuate questionable conceptions of popular music careers and the efficacy of degree courses. The article concludes with suggestions of improvements that might be made across the sector in the promotion of popular music degree programmes.
O ACESSO Á ÁREAS DE LAZER E A PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL INFANTIL NO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ – BRASIL.
Authors: Brotto Daniel Shimada , Mumcu Merve
Published: August 2019

Nesse estudo, amostras de crianças entre 6 e 10 anos foram entrevistadas em três bairros da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Verificando-se uma forte relação entre o brinquedo favorito e o Índice de desenvolvimento Social (IDS) do bairro da habitação da criança. Os brinquedos eletrônicos foram a preferência no bairro com IDS mais alto e a maior frequência de crianças com percepções antropocêntricas ocorreu nesse bairro. Ocorreram frequências mais altas de crianças manifestando percepção ambiental mais integral entre as que brincam com seus pais. Verificando-se que a construção da percepção ambiental das crianças está diretamente relacionada à aspectos de seu ambiente e grupo social, observando-se que quanto mais a criança ocupa seu tempo com atividades lúdicas na natureza, se torna mais conscientes de seu papel no seu meio ambiente.
BH Itinerante: reflexão sobre o processo de formação dos educadores para uma sensibilização ambiental
Authors: Gobira Ari Silva , Guimarães Tomasi Áurea Regina
Published: August 2019

Diante da complexidade da prática da Educação Ambiental e da diversidade de sujeitos, das mais diversas áreas do conhecimento, que atuam nesse campo, é preciso levantar alguns questionamentos sobre o papel desses educadores e quais são as possibilidades e colaborações que eles podem proporcionar para o desenvolvimento local dos territórios onde são desenvolvidas. Desta forma, o artigo busca analisar de que maneira as práticas ambientais propostas pelo Projeto Sala Verde estão sendo implementadas pelos sujeitos sociais envolvidos, no sentido de inserir novas maneiras de praticar a Educação Ambiental e colaborar para o processo potencializador do desenvolvimento local. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostram que as ações desses egressos ainda encontram diversos obstáculos em circunstância das oportunidades e do próprio cidadão.
Aproximações da Trilha da Vida à uma abordagem fenomenológica
Authors: Hoffmann Allan , De Carvalho Lamas Nadja , Westphal Euler Renato
Published: August 2019

A abordagem teórica metodológica “Trilha da Vida: (Re)Descobrindo a Natureza com os Sentidos” criada pelo artista e educador ambiental José Matarezi, em 1999, foi concebida com um dos objetivos de se discutir ciência através de uma educação sensível, frente à excessiva racionalização científica. O objetivo desse estudo é discutir as relações que a Trilha da Vida tem com a fenomenologia, a partir do pensamento de Merleau-Ponty (1974) e quais as possíveis contribuições que a fenomenologia estabelece com a Educação Ambiental. Assim, identificaram-se aproximações radicais entre esses dois campos, principalmente pelo enraizamento da Trilha da Vida nas perspectivas da Educação Ambiental crítica, transformadora e emancipatória, na priorização da experiência vivida pelo corpo próprio.
Virilizing ovarian tumor: the challenges of differential diagnosis
Authors: Kalashnikova Marina F. , Likhodey Natalia V. , Tiulpakov Anatoly N. , Fedorova Evgeniya V. , Bryunin Dmitry V. , Bakhvalova Alla A. , Glushakova Maria A. , Smirnova Svetlana A. , Fadeyev Valentin V.
Published: August 2019

SertoliLeydig cell tumor is a rather rare type of ovarian neoplasms belonging to the group of sex cordstromal tumors. This malignancy is characterized by androgen overproduction, which results in the so-called virilization and can be accompanied by various metabolic disorders such as abdominal obesity, disturbances of carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and high blood pressure.
During differential diagnosis, it is important to identify the source of androgen overproduction. An androgen-secreting ovarian tumor needs to be differentiated from androgen-secreting adrenal tumor, ovarian stromal thecomatosis (hyperthecosis), and endogenous hypercorticism (the Cushings syndrome). In most cases, the SertoliLeydig cell tumor is associated with DICER1 mutation carriership. If a patient is found to carry the DICER1 mutation, patients relatives need to undergo genetic testing as the individuals with mutations in this gene have an elevated risk of developing a broad range of benign and malignant tumors (most of these tumors are relatively rare in the overall population).
The awareness of this rare ovarian neoplasm among medical specialists (obstetriciansgynecologists, endocrinologists, and oncologists) is supposed to ensure timely diagnosis and adequate treatment of this disease.
Light-Induced Photoactivation of Hypericin Inhibits Cellular Growth in Pituitary Adenoma Cell Line AtT20/D16v-F2 (Hypericin Inhibits Cellular Growth of AtT20/D16v-F2)
Authors: Mareková Martina , Vávrová Jiřina , Vokurková Doris , Cerman Jaroslav
Published: August 2019

Cultivation with 4-8 μmol/l hypericin (specific proteinkinase C inhibitor) activated by light induced high inhibition of the rate of HL-60 cell growth. When hypericin treated cells were not exposed to light growth inhibition was insignificant. Cultivation with light activated hypericin in concentration 16 μmol/l slightly inhibited growth rate of AtT20/D16v-F2 cells. AtT20/D16v-F2 cells did not proliferate in presence of light activated 32 μmol/l hypericin. Evidence of apoptosis was found in HL-60 cells treated with 1-8 μmol/l light activated hypericin, with maximum of apoptotic cells detected after 8 μmol/l light activated hypericin. Light activated hypericin induces both apoptosis and necrosis in dose and time dependent manners in HL-60 cells, but causes only necrosis in AtT20/D16v-F2 cells.
Analysis of the data on the quality expectation in school services, from the student's perception
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Cesar Chagas , Fernandes Eddaniella Moraes Silva , Silveira Franco da , Santos Bruno Miranda dos , Molinar Filipe
Published: August 2019

The improvement of educational services can have a direct impact on the student's avoidance rate in the concomitant / subsequent technical courses. Being of vital importance to be able to anticipate and anticipate the factors that are important in the provision of educational services aiming at satisfying the student's satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to apply a questionnaire that allows to evaluate the perception or expectation of the students who are already attending and those who are beginning their study day in the concomitant / subsequent technical courses in Administration. It will become the basis for future studies as to the main quality factors in service that affect student satisfaction and loyalty. For this purpose, the SERVQUAL tool will be used to measure the quality of the services provided.
English language assessment in business context: a case study
Authors: Kobayashi Eliana
Published: August 2019

Although English language is considered an essential requirement to find a position in the Brazilian work market, little do we know about what proficiency level is expected from workers by companies and how language assessment occurs at work. This investigation was developed in an automation company located in São Paulo metropolitan area. It is a case study which aimed to better understand the language use expectations and analyze the assessment process to identify: the assessment tools used in the company, its language view and if the assessment process meets the company’s language use expectations. This study uses questionnaires, interviews and documents analysis for data collection and triangulation of sources. The company is a place where English is used in daily tasks due to international partnerships and taught in an in-company course. The results show a mismatch between the proficiency and achievement tests applied in the company and its language view. In addition English language is a gatekeeper in recruitment process only for some positions. The language use expectations for workers vary according to their position and department but are not assessed likewise.
Design of Linear Block Code Encoder and Decoder Using Electro-optical and All-optical Units
Authors: Srivastava Vivek Kumar , Pal Amrindra , Sharma Sandeep
Published: August 2019

In this paper novel designs for linear block code encoder and decoder using optical techniques have been proposed. The structures are designed and simulated using lithium niobate based Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (LN-MZI) and nonlinear material MEH-PPV [poly (2-methoxy-5-(28-ethylhexyloxy)-PPV)] (plasmonic) based MZI (P-MZI). The proposed LN-MZI designs offer attractive parameters such as high extinction ratio (>35 dB) and low insertion loss (<0.095 dB), while the proposed P-MZI designs possess a compact structure (3,020–12,375 µm2). An analytical comparison between the two design methodologies and other earlier proposed designs is presented. Each design is presented with a verified mathematical structure. Other performance parameters like contrast ratio and amplitude modulation have also been computed for the presented designs.
Discovery of ST1 centers in natural diamond
Authors: Balasubramanian Priyadharshini , Metsch Mathias H. , Reddy Prithvi , Rogers Lachlan J. , Manson Neil B. , Doherty Marcus W. , Jelezko Fedor
Published: August 2019

The ST1 center is a point defect in diamond with bright fluorescence and a mechanism for optical spin initialization and readout. The center has impressive potential for applications in diamond quantum computing as a quantum bus to a register of nuclear spins. This is because it has an exceptionally high readout contrast, and unlike the well-known nitrogen-vacancy center, it does not have a ground state electronic spin that decoheres the nuclear spins. However, its chemical structure is unknown, and there are large gaps in our understanding of its properties. We present the discovery of ST1 centers in natural diamond. Our experiments identify interesting power dependence of the center’s optical dynamics and reveal new electronic structure. We also present a theory of its electron-phonon interactions, which we combine with previous experiments, to shortlist likely candidates for its chemical structure.
Archaeoacoustic Research of Ljubostinja and Naupara Medieval Monastic Churches
Authors: Đorđević Zorana , Novković Dragan
Published: August 2019

The overall experience of religious practice is significantly affected by the acoustical properties of temples. Divine service is the most important act in the Orthodox Church, which equally demands intelligibility of speech for preaching and as well as adequate acoustics for Byzantine chanting as a form of a song-prayer. In order to better understand and contribute to unlocking the role of sound in these historical sacral spaces, this paper explores the acoustics of two well-preserved Orthodox churches, from Ljubostinja and Naupara monastery, built in the last building period of medieval Serbia (1371–1459). These represent two types of the Morava architectural style – triconch combined with a developed and compressed inscribed cross, respectively. Using EASERA software, we measured the impulse response for two sound source positions – in the altar and in the southern chanting apse, as the main points from which the Orthodox service is carried out. Thus obtained acoustic parameters (RT, EDT, C50 and STI) were further analysed, pointing out the differences in experiencing sound between naos and narthex, as well as how the position of the sound source influenced the experience of sound. Finally, we compared the results with previous archaeoacoustic research of the churches from the same building period.
The role of socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of hypertension in adults
Authors: Veisani Yousef , Jenabi Ensiyeh , Nematollahi Shahrzad , Delpisheh Ali , Khazaei Salman
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The large portion of burden of diseases, especially in the developing countries is attributed to hypertension. Identification of the potential risk factors of hypertension is essential for disease management. In this study we investigated the role of socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of hypertension in Ilam Province. Methods: Totally, 690 individuals aged over 15 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, through systematic random sampling from March 1 to October 30, 2017. Socio-economic status (SES) score was calculated by 7 variables including; age, sex, job, marital status, educational level, and economic status, residency, then, it was divided to five levels. Concentration index was used to estimate the inequality in hypertension. To estimate the percentage contribution in final step elasticity divided to concentration index for each contributor and contributions to inequality is estimated. Results: The concentration index for hypertension was -0.154 95% CI (-0.02, -0.23), therefore hypertension was more prevalent in lower socioeconomic groups. The important socioeconomic contributors in inequality were job (P = 0.008), educational level (P = 0.005), and SES (P = 0.003). According to concentration index decomposition, the main sources of inequality in hypertension were job (15%), educational level (18%), and SES (21%), respectively. Conclusion: Hypertension is more prevalent in lower SES groups and the job, education, and SES are important contributory factors of inequality. One substantial key point to achieve an effectiveness approach to deal with chronic diseases might be building partnership with disadvantaged populations.
Selenium-L-methionine modulates radiation injury and Duox1 and Duox2 upregulation in rat’s heart tissues
Authors: Kolivand Sedighe , Amini Peyman , Saffar Hana , Rezapoor Saeed , Najafi Masoud , Motevaseli Elahe , Nouruzi Farzad , Shabeeb Dheyauldeen , Eleojo Musa Ahmed
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Redox interactions play a key role in radiation injury including heart diseases. In present study, we aimed to detect the possible protective role of selenium-L-methionine on infiltration of immune cells and Duox1&2 upregulation in rat’s heart tissues. Methods: In this study, 20 rats were divided into 4 groups (5 rats in each) namely: irradiation; irradiation plus Selenium-L-methionine; control; and Selenium-L-methionine treatment. Irradiation (15 Gy to chest) was performed using a cobalt-60 gamma ray source while 4 mg/kg of selenium-L-methionine was administered intraperitoneally. Ten weeks after irradiation, rats were sacrificed for detection of IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines, infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes as well as the expressions of IL4Ra1, Duox1, IL13Ra2 and Duox2. Results: Results showed an increase in the level of IL-4 as well as the expressions of IL4Ra1, Duox1 and Duox2. Similarly, there was an increase in the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. There was significant attenuation of all these changes following treatment with selenium-L-methionine. Conclusion: Selenium-L-methionine has the potential to protect heart tissues against radiation injury. Downregulation of pro-oxidant genes and modulation of some cytokines such as IL-4 are involved in the radioprotective effect of selenium-L-methionine on heart tissues.
Reduced myocardial reserve in cirrhotic patients: an evaluation by dobutamine stress speckle tracking and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) echocardiography
Authors: Zamirian Mahmood , Afsharizadeh Forough , Moaref Alireza , Abtahi Firoozeh , Amirmoezi Fatemeh , Attar Armin
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Despite the normal systolic function at rest, cirrhotic patients often suffer from volume overload and symptoms of heart failure as they face stressful situations. This study investigated the myocardial reserve in cirrhotic patients at resting condition and peak stress by dobutamine speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Methods: Twenty cirrhotic patients and 10 normal individuals aged 30-50 were selected randomly. For all of the participants, complete echocardiographic study of 2D, STE and TDI was done at rest and peak stress status with dobutamine. The following parameters were assessed: ejection fraction (EF), global longitudinal LV strain (GLS), strain rate in the septal basal segment and lateral wall and E’ in the septal basal segment by color-coded method. Results: At baseline, EF was higher than 55% in both groups. GLS was higher (-22.6±2.4%) in the case group than the control group (-19.2±1.9%) at resting condition. After stress, it showed a greater increase (-22.5±1.7%) in the controls compared to cirrhotic patients (-22.6±3.3%; mean difference = 2.6 ± 2.03, P = 0.02). In cirrhotic patients, the average strain rate in the basal septal segment decreased after stress (-1.2 ± 0.3/s to-1.1 ± 0.3/s), but it increased in the control group (-1.1 ± 0.2/s to -1.8 ± 0.2/s). Conclusion: Despite the presence of normal resting systolic function in cirrhotic patients, there was insufficient increase or even a decrease in myocardial function with stress; this may indicate the absence of sufficient myocardial reserve in cirrhotic patients. These findings would help to explain the reason for occurrence of heart failure or hemodynamic changes in cirrhotic patients.