bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic behaviour of RC walls: an attempt to reduce reinforcement congestion
Authors: Kotsovos G. M. , Cotsovos D. M. , Kotsovos M. D. , Kounadis A. N.
Published: March 2011

The paper is concerned with an experimental investigation of the behaviour of two types of structural concrete walls, which are subjected to static monotonic and cyclic loading and have the same geometry and vertical reinforcement details but differ in the horizontal reinforcement arrangement – the latter designed either in compliance with the earthquake-resistant design clauses of the current European codes or in accordance with the method of the compressive force path. It is intended to verify the findings of previous analytical work on the subject which has shown that adopting the latter method yields significantly more efficient design solutions without compromising the code performance requirements.
Mitigation of DEF in concrete: morphology and composition studies
Authors: Ormsby C. , Liu R. , Shaikh H.
Published: March 2011

Experiments were performed to study the effects of select chemicals on the mitigation of delayed ettringite formation in Portland cement concrete (PCC) specimens. Specimens were prepared, conditioned and chemically treated with crystal growth inhibitors or waterproofing agents. They were then cured and physical properties were evaluated as a function of curing time. Reaction products were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis techniques. While the chemicals did not mitigate delayed ettringite formation, the systems did yield large amounts of secondary ettringite of various morphologies. The lack of mitigation of delayed ettringite formation may be attributable to an overabundance of ettringite resulting from intensive conditioning protocol and/or too low a dosage of crystal growth inhibitor or waterproofing agent. Characterisation of the systems revealed some trends in morphological development, for example the samples cured for long times had a preponderance of lamella and laths involved. These and other morphologies observed were consistent with the literature, especially those studies based on scanning electron microscope evaluations of fracture surfaces. Chemical compositions, determined by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis, regardless of treatment or curing time, were generally quite similar, showing reasonable ratios of calcium: sulfur: aluminium. While delayed ettringite formation mitigation was not achieved, the results demonstrate the usefulness of scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis examination of fracture surfaces for the evaluation of morphological and chemical features in concrete durability studies.
Temperature sensing in microwave heating of concrete using fibre Bragg grating sensors
Authors: Akbarnezhad A. , Kuang K. S. C. , Ong K. C. G.
Published: March 2011

Temperature is an important process control, but is a difficult parameter to measure in the microwave processing of concrete. Owing to their metallic nature, conventional thermocouples are not suitable for temperature measurement in microwave fields. Some of the most popular sensors known to be immune to electromagnetic interference are based on optical fibres. This paper presents the results of an experimental study conducted to investigate the capability of fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to monitor the surface temperatures of concrete specimens during microwave heating. A thermo-tracer camera was used to verify the accuracy of the FBG measurements. Moreover, the FBG measurements were compared with the results of numerical modelling and measurements taken using conventional thermocouples. The results show that the bare FBGs deployed in this study can be used to accurately measure concrete temperature in a microwave field.
Progressive collapse-resisting capacity of RC beam–column sub-assemblage
Authors: Choi H. , Kim J.
Published: March 2011

Experiments were carried out to investigate the progressive collapse-resisting capacity of reinforced concrete beam–column sub-assemblages designed with and without seismic load. The two-span sub-assemblages were designed as part of five- and eight-storey reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames. The exterior columns of the right-hand girders were designed to be 1·5 times larger in size than the middle columns to take into account continuation of the girder. A monotonically increasing load was applied at the middle column of the specimens and force–displacement relationships were plotted. It was observed that the non-seismically designed specimen failed by crushing of concrete at the exterior column–girder joint of the left-hand girder before catenary action was activated. However, the force–displacement relationship of the specimen designed for seismic load kept increasing after fracture of the girder lower rebars near the middle column due to the catenary force of the upper rebars. Based on the test results it was concluded that significant catenary action of girders could be induced in reinforced concrete moment-resisting buildings designed as per current seismic design codes against progressive collapse initiated by sudden loss of a column.
Seismic behaviour of RC external joints
Authors: Kotsovou G. , Mouzakis H.
Published: March 2011

The behaviour of reinforced concrete beam–column connections under cyclic loading has been extensively investigated to date. A common feature of the results published is that, in contrast with current design objectives, connections are characterised by extensive cracking and large deformation before the plastic hinge formation within the linear elements. The present work describes an attempt to minimise cracking and deformation of the joints through the use of steel plates for anchoring the beam's longitudinal reinforcement and alternative reinforcement arrangements in the joint. The results obtained from tests on full-size beam–column subassemblages indicate a considerable improvement in behaviour, in spite of the significant reduction in reinforcement congestion.
From venison to beef: seasonal changes in wolf diet composition in a livestock grazing landscape
Authors: Morehouse Andrea T , Boyce Mark S
Published: March 2011

Wild ungulates are the primary prey for wolves in North America, but livestock predation is a concern in areas where wolves and livestock overlap. Using clusters of global positioning system telemetry relocations and scat analysis, we investigated wolf diets year‐round in southwestern Alberta, where seasonal cattle grazing is the predominant land use and wolf–cattle conflicts have increased in recent years. Both methods indicated a seasonal shift in wolf diets, from wild prey during the non‐grazing season to cattle in the grazing season. Wolves scavenged more frequently during the non‐grazing season than during the grazing season; 85% of all scavenging events occurred at ranchers' boneyards (where livestock carcasses are dumped), where wolves fed on dead livestock. Cattle represent a higher proportion of wolf diets than previously thought; we recommend the sanitary disposal of dead livestock to prevent wolves from becoming accustomed to feeding on livestock, and the development of management plans aimed at reducing predation on cattle if humans and wolves are to coexist on landscapes that are dominated by livestock ranching.
Effect of temperature on the physical changes and drying kinetics in plum (Prunus domestica L.) Pozegaca variety
Authors: Zivkovic Milovan , Rakic Sveto , Maletic Radojka , Povrenovic Dragan , Nikolic Milos , Kosanovic Nada
Published: March 2011

In this study, drying kinetics of autochthonous variety Pozegaca plum was
examined in a laboratory dryer at three temperatures. The whole plum fruits,
together with the kernels were subjected to the drying process. The effect of
drying has been examined at temperatures 55, 60 and 75?C, with a constant air
velocity of 1.1 m s-1. The corresponding experimental results were tested
using six nonlinear regression models. Coefficient of determination (R2),
standard regression error (SSE), model correlation coeficient (Vy), as well
as the maximum absolute error (?Y) showed that logaritmic model was in good
agreement with the experimental data obtained. During drying of plums, the
effective diffusivity was found to be between 5.6?10-9 for 55?C and 8.9?10-9
m2 s-1 at 75?C, respectively. The physical characteristics of the fresh
(lenght 39.64 mm and width 29.15 mm) and dried (lenght 37.52 mm and width
22.85 mm) plum fruit were determined. Finally, by chemical analysis, the
content of micro-and macro41 elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, B and N, F, K, Ca, Mg, S)
in the skin and flesh of the dried product, prunes, has been established.
‘Becoming Worldly with’: An Encounter with the Early Years Learning Framework
Authors: Giugni Miriam
Published: March 2011

This article shares a story about an ‘activist’ early childhood teacher encountering the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF). Specifically, it focuses on the overarching concepts of ‘belonging’ and ‘becoming’ through the EYLF's call for early childhood educators to engage with theory in their everyday practice. In order to do this, the author shares stories from a doctoral teacher research project that she undertook in a children's centre in Sydney, Australia. Theoretically, this article engages with Haraway's complex practice of ‘becoming worldly’ as a ‘ practice of “becoming with” to become worldly’. ‘“Becoming with” to become worldly’ encapsulates assemblages of political, historical and geographical entanglements of relationality between the human and the non-human or ‘more than human’ actants. The stories in this article are an attempt to open up possibilities to retheorise activism in the author's everyday practice in early childhood.
The Australian Early Years Learning Framework: Learning What?
Authors: Krieg Susan
Published: March 2011

Early childhood education and care have assumed importance in many government policy agendas. This attention is often accompanied by calls for greater accountability regarding the anticipated learning outcomes for young children. In Australia, the expected learning outcomes for children aged birth to five years are outlined in the recently published Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF). In this article, the author examines the relationship between the EYLF's outcomes and subject area or content knowledge. The article draws from post-structural and social constructionist understandings of knowledge as unfinished, contestable and contextual. The author concludes that it is not content knowledge itself that is problematic, but it is the way the child and teacher are often positioned in relation to that knowledge that constrains the potential for effective teaching and learning in the early years. The author suggests that revisiting traditional assumptions about content knowledge extends and develops many of the ideas about teaching and learning that are identified in the EYLF, and opens up new identity positions for both children and early childhood educators.
Discourses of the Early Years Learning Framework: Constructing the Early Childhood Professional
Authors: Ortlipp Michelle , Arthur Leonie , Woodrow Christine
Published: March 2011

In Australia, as elsewhere, many factors have contributed to making the struggle for recognition of the professional status of early childhood difficult and ongoing. Arguably this has led to instabilities surrounding professional identity and how members of the field regard themselves and their work. The development and release of the Early Years Learning Framework for Australia (EYLF) was perceived by many as an opportunity to raise the status and standing of the early childhood professional within the early childhood field itself and in the wider community. The EYLF positions all those who work directly with children in early childhood settings as ‘educators’, and sets out the expectations for children's learning and what educators can do to promote that learning. In doing so, the EYLF produces, reproduces and circulates both new and familiar discourses of early childhood education. In this article, the authors draw on research capturing the perceptions of the early childhood practitioners who took part in the trial of the EYLF across Australia in 2009 to investigate whether and how curriculum interventions such as the EYLF have the potential to shape/reshape early childhood professional identity. Utilising the concepts of discourse, subjectivity, power-knowledge and agency, the authors explore the possibilities and dangers of the construction of an early childhood professional identity in and through the EYLF.
The ‘Work’ of Community in Belonging, Being and Becoming: The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia
Authors: Millei Zsuzsa , Sumsion Jennifer
Published: March 2011

This article articulates the appeal of different conceptualisations of community to the curriculum writers of Belonging, Being and Becoming: the Early Years Learning Framework for Australia and to the Council of Australian Governments that commissioned the Framework, and the tensions within and between those respective conceptualisations. It then traces shifts in conceptualisations of community and the work done by community across the first publicly released draft and the final version of the Framework. Attributing these shifts, at least in part, to the Rudd government's risk averseness, it concludes that despite the severely contained nature of community in the final version of the Framework, there remains space for what Rose terms ‘radical ethico-politics' and for working towards a more socially just society.
Adiponectin Inhibits Lipolysis in Mouse Adipocytes
Authors: Qiao Liping , Kinney Brice , Schaack Jerome , Shao Jianhua
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that sensitizes insulin and improves energy metabolism in tissues. This study was designed to investigate the direct regulatory effects of adiponectin on lipid metabolism in adipocytes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Basal and hormone-stimulated lipolysis were comparatively analyzed using white adipose tissues or primary adipocytes from adiponectin gene knockout and control mice. To further study the underlying mechanisms through which adiponectin suppresses lipolysis, cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adenovirus-mediated gene transduction were used.

RESULTS

Significantly increased lipolysis was observed in both adiponectin gene knockout mice and primary adipocytes from these mice. Hormone-stimulated glycerol release was inhibited in adiponectin-treated adipocytes. Adiponectin suppressed hormone-sensitive lipase activation without altering adipose triglyceride lipase and CGI-58 expression in adipocytes. Moreover, adiponectin reduced protein levels of the type 2 regulatory subunit RIIα of protein kinase A by reducing its protein stability. Ectopic expression of RIIα abolished the inhibitory effects of adiponectin on lipolysis in adipocytes.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates that adiponectin inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes and reveals a novel function of adiponectin in lipid metabolism in adipocytes.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Prediabetes Among Subjects Free of Diabetes
Authors: Shankar Anoop , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Kalidindi Sita
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE

Animal studies suggest that low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) may impair insulin synthesis and secretion and be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Results in studies in humans have not been consistent, however. Prediabetes is a stage earlier in the hyperglycemia/diabetes continuum where individuals are at increased risk of developing diabetes and where prevention efforts have been shown to be effective in delaying or preventing the onset of diabetes. However, previous studies have not examined the association between low serum 25(OH)D levels and prediabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We examined the 12,719 participants (52.5% women) in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey aged >20 years who were free of diabetes. Serum 25(OH)D levels were categorized into quartiles (≤17.7, 17.8–24.5, 24.6–32.4, >32.4 ng/mL). Prediabetes was defined as a 2-h glucose concentration of 140–199 mg/dL, or a fasting glucose concentration of 110–125 mg/dL, or an A1C value of 5.7–6.4%.

RESULTS

Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with prediabetes after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, season, geographic region, smoking, alcohol intake, BMI, outdoor physical activity, milk consumption, dietary vitamin D, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and glomerular filtration rate. Compared with quartile 4 of 25(OH)D (referent), the odds ratio of prediabetes associated with quartile 1 was 1.47 (95% CI 1.16–1.85; P = 0.001 for trend). Subgroup analyses examining the relation between 25(OH)D and prediabetes by sex, BMI, and hypertension categories also showed a consistent positive association.

CONCLUSIONS

Lower serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with prediabetes in a representative sample of U.S. adults.
Additional Autoimmune Disease Found in 33% of Patients at Type 1 Diabetes Onset
Authors: Triolo Taylor M. , Armstrong Taylor K. , McFann Kim , Yu Liping , Rewers Marian J. , Klingensmith Georgeanna J. , Eisenbarth George S. , Barker Jennifer M.
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE

We sought to define the prevalence of nonislet, organ-specific autoantibodies at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and to determine the prevalence of comorbid autoimmune diseases.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Children (n = 491) diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at the Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes were screened for autoimmune thyroid disease (thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies [TPOAb]), celiac disease (tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies [TTGAb]), and Addison disease (21-hydroxylase autoantibodies [21OHAb]).

RESULTS

Of the 491 children, 161 had at least one nonislet autoantibody, and of these, 122 (24.8%) were positive for TPOAb, and 15 of the 122 (12.3%) had autoimmune thyroid disease. There were 57 (11.6%) who were positive for TTGAb, of whom 14 (24.6%) had celiac disease. Five (1.0%) were positive for 21OHAb, of whom one had Addison disease.

CONCLUSIONS

Many autoantibody-positive subjects present with additional autoimmune disorders. Detection of these autoantibodies at type 1 diabetes onset may prevent complications associated with delayed diagnosis of these disorders.
Basal Insulin Requirement Is ∼30% of the Total Daily Insulin Dose in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Who Use the Insulin Pump
Authors: Kuroda Akio , Kaneto Hideaki , Yasuda Tetsuyuki , Matsuhisa Munehide , Miyashita Kazuyuki , Fujiki Noritaka , Fujisawa Keiko , Yamamoto Tsunehiko , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Sakamoto Fumie , Matsuoka Taka-aki , Shimomura Iichiro
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the basal insulin requirement in total daily insulin dose in Japanese type 1 diabetic patients who use the insulin pump.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The basal insulin requirement in 35 type 1 diabetic patients without detectable C-peptide using the insulin pump (Paradigm 712) was investigated during 2–3 weeks of hospitalization. The patients were served diabetic diets of 25–30 kcal/kg ideal body weight. Each meal omission was done to confirm stable blood glucose levels within 30 mg/dL variance until the next meal. Target blood glucose level was set at 100 mg/dL before each meal and 150 mg/dL at 2 h after each meal.

RESULTS

Total daily insulin dose was 31.6 ± 8.5 units, and total basal insulin requirement was 8.7 ± 2.9 units, which was 27.7 ± 6.9% of the total daily dose.

CONCLUSIONS

Basal insulin requirement is ∼30% of the total daily dose in Japanese type 1 diabetic patients who use the insulin pump.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Calcium Intake, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes After 5 Years
Authors: Gagnon Claudia , Lu Zhong X. , Magliano Dianna J. , Dunstan David W. , Shaw Jonathan E. , Zimmet Paul Z. , Sikaris Ken , Grantham Narelle , Ebeling Peter R. , Daly Robin M.
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE

To examine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and dietary calcium predict incident type 2 diabetes and insulin sensitivity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 6,537 of the 11,247 adults evaluated in 1999–2000 in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study, returned for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 2004–2005. We studied those without diabetes who had complete data at baseline (n = 5,200; mean age 51 years; 55% were women; 92% were Europids). Serum 25OHD and energy-adjusted calcium intake (food frequency questionnaire) were assessed at baseline. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between serum 25OHD and dietary calcium on 5-year incidence of diabetes (diagnosed by OGTT) and insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity [HOMA-S]), adjusted for multiple potential confounders, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

RESULTS

During the 5-year follow-up, 199 incident cases of diabetes were diagnosed. Those who developed diabetes had lower serum 25OHD (mean 58 vs. 65 nmol/L; P < 0.001) and calcium intake (mean 881 vs. 923 mg/day; P = 0.03) compared with those who remained free of diabetes. Each 25 nmol/L increment in serum 25OHD was associated with a 24% reduced risk of diabetes (odds ratio 0.76 [95% CI 0.63–0.92]) after adjusting for age, waist circumference, ethnicity, season, latitude, smoking, physical activity, family history of diabetes, dietary magnesium, hypertension, serum triglycerides, and FPG. Dietary calcium intake was not associated with reduced diabetes risk. Only serum 25OHD was positively and independently associated with HOMA-S at 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher serum 25OHD levels, but not higher dietary calcium, were associated with a significantly reduced risk of diabetes in Australian adult men and women.
Operator Variability Using Different Polishing Methods and Surface Geometry of a Nanohybrid Composite
Authors: Zimmerli B. , Lussi A. , Flury S.
Published: March 2011

Clinical Relevance

The integration of a one-step polisher into a multi-step finishing procedure saves time and leads to a reproducible polishing result for different operators.
Effect of Eugenol Exposure Time and Post-removal Delay on the Bond Strength of a Self-etching Adhesive to Dentin
Authors: Silva J. P. L. , Queiroz D. M. , Azevedo L. H. , Leal L. C. , Rodrigues J. L. , Lima A. F. , Marchi G. M. , Brito-Júnior M. , Faria-e-Silva A. L.
Published: March 2011

Clinical Relevance

The presence of a provisional restoration containing eugenol for one week or longer does not interfere with the bond strength of self-etching adhesives to dentin. If a eugenol-based provisional restoration remained in place for only 24 hours, a delay of one week re-establishes proper bond strength.
Methods Used by Dental Practice-based Research Network (DPBRN) Dentists to Diagnose Dental Caries
Authors: Gordan V. V. , Riley J. L. , Carvalho R. M. , Snyder J. , Sanderson J. L. , Anderson M. , Gilbert G. H. ,   The DPBRN Collaborative Group
Published: March 2011

Clinical Relevance

Dentists' use of specific diagnostic methods vary substantially. Overall, the dental explorer and radiographs are still the main diagnostic methods to diagnose dental caries.
Effect of Preheating Resin Composite and Light-curing Units on the Microleakage of Class II Restorations Submitted to Thermocycling
Authors: dos Santos R. E. Agostinho , Lima A. F. , Soares G. P. , Ambrosano G. M. B. , Marchi G. M. , Lovadino J. R. , Aguiar F. H. B.
Published: March 2011

Clinical Relevance

Deficient polymerization can occur in deeper cavities due to the dispersion of light irradiance, and it may affect microleakage of the tooth-restoration interface. When using a quartz-tungsten-halogen light-curing unit with relatively low irradiance (420 mW/cm2) to restore a Class II restoration, microleakage can be reduced if the resin-composite is heated prior to use.
Recent trends in metaheuristics for stochastic combinatorial optimization
Authors: Gutjahr Walter
Published: March 2011

This short overview is an addendum to a recent literature survey by Bianchi et al. on metaheuristics for stochastic combinatorial optimization (SCO). It outlines some new developments that occurred in this field during the last few years. Special attention is given to multi-objective SCO as well as to combinations of metaheuristics with mathematical programming.
XML document-grammar comparison: related problems and applications
Authors: Tekli Joe , Chbeir Richard , Traina Agma , Traina Caetano
Published: March 2011

XML document comparison is becoming an ever more popular research issue due to the increasingly abundant use of XML. Likewise, a growing interest fosters the development of XML grammar matching and comparison, due to the proliferation of heterogeneous XML data sources, particularly on the Web. Nonetheless, the process of comparing XML documents with XML grammars, i.e., XML document and grammar similarity evaluation, has not yet received the attention it deserves. In this paper, we provide an overview on existing research related to XML document/grammar comparison, presenting the background and discussing the various techniques related to the problem. We also discuss some prominent application domains, ranging over document classification and clustering, document transformation, grammar evolution, selective dissemination of XML information, XML querying, as well as alert filtering in intrusion detection systems and Web Services matching and communications.
Professor Mikio Sato and Microlocal Analysis
Authors: Kashiwara Masaki , Kawai Takahiro
Published: March 2011

We describe the impact of microlocal analysis on mathematical sciences and the role Prof. Mikio Sato played in its creation and development.
Mikio Sato and Mathematical Physics
Authors: McCoy Barry M.
Published: March 2011

I present the deep and lasting contributions of Mikio Sato to the mathematical physics of statistical mechanics and random matrix theory.
A Family of Calabi–Yau Varieties and Potential Automorphy II
Authors: Barnet-Lamb Tom , Geraghty David , Harris Michael , Taylor Richard
Published: March 2011

We prove new potential modularity theorems for n-dimensional essentially self-dual

l

-adic representations of the absolute Galois group of a totally real field. Most notably, in the ordinary case we prove quite a general result. Our results suffice to show that all the symmetric powers of any non-CM, holomorphic, cuspidal, elliptic modular newform of weight greater than one are potentially cuspidal automorphic. This in turns proves the Sato–Tate conjecture for such forms. (In passing we also note that the Sato–Tate conjecture can now be proved for any elliptic curve over a totally real field.)
Asymptotic Equivariant Index of Toeplitz Operators on the Sphere
Authors: Boutet de Monvel Louis
Published: March 2011

We illustrate the equivariant asymptotic index described in [6, 8] in the case of spheres

\mathbb{S}^{2N-1}\subset\mathbb{C}^N

, equipped with a unitary action of a compact group, for which this theory is more explicit. The article is mostly a review article, except for the last section (§5) in which we describe conjecturally some very natural generators of the relevant K-theory for a torus action on a sphere, generalizing in our Toeplitz operator context the generators proposed by M. F. Atiyah [2] for the transversally elliptic pseudodifferential theory.
WKB analysis of higher order Painlevé equations with a large parameter. II. Structure theorem for instanton-type solutions of $(P_J)_m\ (J= \mathrm{I}, 34, \mathrm{II}-2$ or $\mathrm{IV})$ near a simple $P$-turning point of the first kind
Authors: Kawai Takahiro , Takei Yoshitsugu
Published: March 2011

This is the third one of a series of articles on the exact WKB analysis of higher order Painlevé equations

(P_J)_m

with a large parameter (

J = \mathrm{I}, \mathrm{II}, \mathrm{IV};\ m = 1; 2; 3;…

); the series is intended to clarify the structure of solutions of

(P_J)_m

by the exact WKB analysis of the underlying overdetermined system

(\mathcal{DSL}_J)_m

of linear differential equations, and the target of this paper is instanton-type solutions of

(P_J)_m

. In essence, the main result (Theorem 5.1.1) asserts that, near a simple

P

-turning point of the first kind, each instanton-type solution of

(P_J )_m

can be formally and locally transformed to an appropriate solution of

(P_I)_1

, the classical (i.e., the second order) Painlevé-I equation with a large parameter. The transformation is attained by constructing a WKB-theoretic transformation that brings a solution of

(\mathcal{DSL}_J)_m

to a solution of its canonical form

(\mathcal{DC}\mathit{an})

(§5.3).
On Certain Arithmetic Functions $\tilde M(s;z_1,z_2)$ Associated with Global Fields: Analytic Properties
Authors: Ihara Yasutaka
Published: March 2011

The arithmetic functions in the title arose from value-distribution theories related to

L

-functions of global fields. They are “complexifications” of the Fourier duals of the corresponding density functions. We shall study their complex analytic properties including analytic continuations and the limit behaviors at the critical point

s = 1/2

.
Donaldson = Seiberg–Witten from Mochizuki's Formula and Instanton Counting
Authors: Göttsche Lothar , Nakajima Hiraku , Yoshioka Kota
Published: March 2011

We propose an explicit formula connecting Donaldson invariants and Seiberg–Witten invariants of a 4-manifold of simple type via Nekrasov's deformed partition function for the
N
= 2 SUSY gauge theory with a single fundamental matter. This formula is derived from Mochizuki's formula, which makes sense and was proved when the 4-manifold is complex projective. Assuming our formula is true for a 4-manifold of simple type, we prove Witten's conjecture and sum rules for Seiberg–Witten invariants (superconformal simple type condition), conjectured by Mariño, Moore and Peradze.
Painlevé Functions in Statistical Physics
Authors: Tracy Craig A. , Widom Harold
Published: March 2011

We review recent progress in limit laws for the one-dimensional asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) on the integer lattice. The limit laws are expressed in terms of a certain Painlevé II function. Furthermore, we take this opportunity to give a brief survey of the appearance of Painlevé functions in statistical physics.
Prognostic role of C-reactive protein in acute stroke
Authors: Rahman MM , Rabim MA , Nath RK , Al-Mahmood AK , Mollah FH
Published: March 2011

Background & objective: Stroke is a dreadful health hazard all over the world as well as in our country and one of the leading causes of mortality & morbidity. The relationship between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level and post stroke outcome is not well studied especially in Bangladesh. We were interested to study this relationship in our country. Materials & methods: A cross sectional prospective study was performed on 50-stroke patients. Serum CRP & Lipid profile was determined. Post stroke outcome was measured by modified ranking scale (good outcome, score within 0 – 2 & bad outcome, score within 3 – 6). The subjects were divided in two groups, CRP level above or below 10 mg/L. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS software. Chi-square test & Spearman’s rho correlation test was done to see the level of significance. Results: Mean serum CRP level was 9.69 mg/L that was higher than normal subjects. Correlation analysis between serums CRP level of stroke patients with post stroke outcome was found to be positively correlated (r = 0.598/p<0.01). Conclusion: Serum CRP level may be used as a prognostic marker in stroke patients and it helps to make necessary management plan to physician. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v10i1.7316 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.1 Jan 2010 pp.29-33
Influence of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament on apical leakage following obturation using three different sealers
Authors: Kumar S
Published: March 2011

Background and objectives: The aim of this invitro study was to study the effect of calcium hydroxide when used as an intracanal medicament on apical leakage following obturation using zincoxide eugenol (Tubliseal), calcium hydroxide (Apexit) and glass ionomer (Ketac-Endo) based sealers. Methods: Sixty seven recently extracted human permanent teeth with single roots were selected for the study. To facilitate instrumentation, the crown portion of each tooth was removed at the level of CEJ with a thin diamond disk using slow speed straight hand piece. The canals were prepared using a step back technique and divided into two equal groups of 33 each into group A and group B. One root was used as a positive control group. Group A was medicated with calcium hydroxide for 7 days and Group B was not medicated. Group A and Group B were randomly divided into three subgroups (A1, A2 and A3, B1, B2 and B3) containing 11 roots each, for obturation using three different sealers. A1and B1 was obturated using Tubliseal, A2 and B2 was obturated using Apexit and A3 and B3 was obturated using Ketac-endo. One root in each sub-group was selected and completely coated with nail varnish and used as a negative control. One unfilled root was used as positive control. All the roots were subjected to dye penetration using methylene blue for one week. The roots were longitudinally sectioned and observed under stereomicroscope. Results: The Tubliseal medicated group showed statistically less leakage compared to the nonmedicated group. The Apexit and Ketac-endo group also showed less leakage but were not statistically significant. Interpretation and conclusion: All the medicated groups showed less leakage when compared with the non-medicated group. When calcium hydroxide used as a medicament, there was less leakage. This may be due to effect of residual calcium hydroxide, which was left on the canal walls. Keywords: Medicated; non-medicated; Tubliseal; Apexit; Ketac-Endo. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v10i1.7317 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.1 Jan 2010 pp.34-40
Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in 500 Indian school children
Authors: Nayak P , Nayak S
Published: March 2011

Objective: Developmental disturbances of teeth contribute to dental problems encountered in general practice. These are a group of disorders where prevention is not possible, with the exception of environmental enamel hypoplasia. Surveys done on various populations have found prevalence of dental anomalies to be 5.46%. Knowledge of common dental anomalies when available can be a useful tool for forensic dentistry. Since such epidemiological data is not available for the Jodhpur population in Rajasthan, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of developmental dental anomalies in 500 school going children. Methodology & Result: A total of 500 school children (290 male & 210 female) of age ranging between 6 - 15 years were examined clinically for developmental anomalies of teeth. Prevalence of Peg lateral, supernumerary teeth & Talon’s cusp was 0.4%, 0.6% & 0.2% respectively while 18.8% showed fluorosis induced enamel hypoplasia. Key Words: Dental anomalies; Peg lateral; supernumerary teeth; Talon's cusp; Enamel hypoplasia. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v10i1.7318 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.1 Jan 2010 pp.41-44
Failures in periodontal therapy
Authors: Jithendra KD , Bansali A , Ramachandra SS
Published: March 2011

Studies have shown that modern periodontal therapies are effective in maintaining a healthy natural dentition as well as controlling periodontal disease. Numerous treatment strategies and various techniques have been designed & described to treat periodontal disease. Most of these procedures had drawbacks which were identified, leading to the modifications of the original techniques which lead to better treatment options, but still very less emphasis has been laid on failures. Without a regular program of clinical re-evaluation, plaque control, oral hygiene instructions, and reassessment of biomechanical factors the benefits of treatment are often lost and inflammatory disease in the form of recurrent periodontitis may result. So, this review describes the most common failures noticed in periodontal therapies and also discusses the possible solutions to reduce the incidence of failures in periodontal therapy.Key words: Periodontal therapy; risk factors; failures.DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i4.6680Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.4 July 2010 pp.193-198
Management of glaucoma with neuroprotective drug
Authors: Islam Md Nurul
Published: March 2011

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Death of ganglion cells is not always only pressure dependent mechanism but also have several pressure independent mechanism that establish a cascade of changes that ultimately leads to cell death. Neuro- protection is a process that attempt to preserve the cells that were spared during initial insult, but are still vulnerable to damage. Although not yet available, a neuroprotective agent would be great use that rescue neurons already compromised or that promote regrowth of axonal or dendritic connection to restore function. This review based on literature, giving the idea of varies mechanism of RGC death delineated by research and discussed some pharmacological agent believed to have a neuroprotective role in glaucoma. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i4.6685Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.4 July 2010 pp.199-203
A comparison of root canal preparations using stainless steel, Ni-Ti hand, and Ni-Ti engine-driven endodontic instruments  an in vitro study
Authors: Parvathaneni Krishna Prasad , Goel Beena Rani , Parvathaneni Bharani Devi
Published: March 2011

The main advantage of nickel titanium instruments is that they permit canal preparation with less transportation and ledging. Hand used Ni-Ti and rotary Ni-Ti instruments have a wider range of elastic deformation and greater flexibility. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the preparation time, loss of working length, apical transportation, instrument deformation and fracture with stainless steel, Ni-Ti hand and Ni-Ti rotary endodontic instruments. Fifty freshly extracted human mandibular molars with curved roots were collected and stored in 10% formalin. The samples were divided into 3 groups of 15 each. The access opening was made for each tooth and the biomechanical preparation was carried out using crown down pressureless technique in all the groups. Group I was instrumented with stainless steel files, group II with hand Ni-Ti and group III with Ni-Ti rotary files. The preparation time to enlarge each canal was recorded in minutes and seconds, which included only active instrumentation. Following preparation, the final length of each canal was subtracted from the original length to give the loss of working length. SEM photographs of the deformed and fractured instruments were taken. The apical transportation was measured using computer software (Microdraw 4.1). The readings were noted and statistically analyzed.The results of this in vitro study showed that the mean preparation time was less with Ni- Ti rotary (1.85 min) when compared to hand Ni-Ti (6.33) and stainless steel files (6.73), which was statistically significant. The loss of working length was more for stainless steel group which was statistically significant (P<0.05) when compared with the other 2 groups.One instrument in stainless steel and one in Ni-Ti rotary files were fractured. Only one instrument in stainless steel file deformed permanently. Apical transportation was found to be greater in stainless steel group than other groups (P<0.01) which was statistically significant. Considering the parameters in this study, Ni-Ti rotary files proved to perform better than the other two groups. Key words: Canal preparation; crown-down pressure less technique; double exposure radiographic technique. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i4.6689Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.4 July 2010 pp.223-230
Near fatal outcome following internal jugular vein catheterization for haemodylisis
Authors: Idris Rahimah , Mohamad Irfan
Published: March 2011

In the recent years, the internal jugular vein has become the access route of choice for placement of hemodialysis catheters. The internal jugular vein is now the preferred route for dialysis access in the Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines. Neck hematoma following internal jugular vein catether insertion is uncommon, especially the one that leads to acute airway obstruction which is due to the progressively expanding neck hematoma DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i4.6690Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.4 July 2010 pp.231-233
Drawing on the digital: Analysis and modelling in architecture and music
Authors: Smyth Fiona , Lennon Donal
Published: March 2011

The present study deploys acoustic theory and digital analysis to investigate the dynamics of the inter-relationship of architecture and music. It assesses the impact of the built environment on music composition and performance. Drawing upon the science that underpins both architecture and music, it is also informed by the qualitative and artistic attributes of both. Reference to a specific case study, St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin, describes the design and implementation of a methodology designed to allow for context and era-specific assessment. The research design is interdisciplinary, bridging theory and practice. The methodology is firmly based on the use of digital technologies, which allow for efficient, accurate and replicable procedure. Data capture, analysis and mapping of the architectural site was supplemented by reference to primary archived material. Digital preservation of primary material was an integral part of the project; the resulting record created a more complete digital repository of the cathedral, combining the information which can be read in the structure itself with documents relating to its history. This article makes use of Victor Hugo's concept of the ‘Book of Stone’ to comment on the information gleaned from paper records and digital analysis of the architecture and acoustics of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.
Abstract Machine – Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for literary and cultural studies: ‘Mapping Kavanagh’
Authors: Travis Charles
Published: March 2011

Drawing upon previous theoretical and practical work in historical and qualitative applications of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), this paper, in Giles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's terminology, conceptualizes GIS as ‘an abstract machine’ which plays a ‘piloting role’ which does not ‘function to represent’ something real, but rather ‘constructs a real which is yet to come.’ To illustrate this digital humanities mapping methodology, the essay examines Irish writer Patrick Kavanagh's novel The Green Fool (1938) and epic poem The Great Hunger (1946) and their respective contrasting topophilic and topophobic renderings of landscape, identity and sense of place under the lens M.M. Bakhtin's ‘Historical Poetics’ (chronotope) to illuminate GIS's ability to engage in spatio-discursive visualization and analysis. The conceptualizations and practices discussed in this paper reconsider GIS software/hardware/techniques as a means to engage subjects of concern to literary and cultural studies commensurate with the recent strong interest in the geographical and spatial dimensions of these cognate areas.
The Holinshed Project: Comparing and linking two editions of Holinshed's Chronicle
Authors: Cummings James , Mittelbach Arno
Published: March 2011

This article documents the digital humanities aspects of The Holinshed Project at the University of Oxford. It outlines the nature of the project, in particular the need to compare paragraphs of the 1577 and 1587 editions of Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland. In order to accomplish these comparisons, a tool known as the TEI-Comparator was created. This is a bespoke fuzzy text comparison engine with a frontend web interface designed for the project. The TEI-Comparator automatically matches reorganised and fragmented paragraphs in the two editions. It is then used for confirming, removing, creating and annotating the links between the editions. This article describes the steps necessary to use the TEI-Comparator, its comparison algorithm, and the handling of the output it creates with respect to its use for The Holinshed Project. The TEI-Comparator was launched in 2009 as an open source project on Sourceforge and is available for other projects to use.
Words of power: Emerge, a language for the dynamic control of live performance
Authors: Willcock Ian
Published: March 2011

The paper describes the key concepts and formal grammatical structures underpinning the design of a domain specific language (DSL) developed for dynamically specifying the logical choice-relationships between events and cues within live performance. A brief survey of existing approaches to describing and modelling live performance is given, both those based on generic terms together with approaches specific to particular genres and styles. The development of a generalised model of performer-activity in live performance is then introduced together with logical structures developed from the generic model which inform the language design and allow it to integrate with a wide range of performance traditions and genres. The implementation and application of these ideas in developing the Emerge language is explored through both a formal grammar and a discussion of the choices that had to be made between ease of use for the intended target users and grammatical simplicity. The features of the prototype software and language are briefly described showing how they might enable artists, both individually and collaboratively, to specify decision-making structures in advance of a performance and participate in shaping a performance as it proceeds.
Archives 2.0 for endangered languages: From disk space to MySpace
Authors: Nathan David
Published: March 2011

The salient features of endangered language documentation are diversity and protocol. The Endangered Languages Archive at SOAS is creating a new archive to take advantage of web-based social networking to address these issues. The archive is reconceived as a platform for conducting relationships between information providers (depositors) and information users, using the now-familiar idiom of Facebook. Rather than the archive having to continually broker complex access conditions, depositors and requesters can negotiate directly with each other via the archive to achieve more flexible and creative outcomes.
The usability of digital documents – A barrier to digital scholarship
Authors: Buchanan George
Published: March 2011

Documents of all forms have always been at the centre of research in the humanities and arts. As more literature becomes available electronically, the impact of the digital medium on reading and research also grows. This article provides a review of key research on the limitations of digital reading, spanning a twenty-year period. Most of this literature is from the computer science field of human-computer interaction. From this backdrop, this article reports the main findings of a series of detailed studies that have investigated the current difficulties and limitations of digital document reader software. These studies, all conducted in the last four years, demonstrate that there are major limitations in digital document reader software that impede a number of simple interactions between user and document. It is also demonstrated that the current problems with this software can be overcome through a re-design of the human-computer interface. Ultimately, the current shortcomings of digital document reader software are a major impediment to realising the full potential of digital humanities. However, there is ample scope to make tangible improvements and progress is urgently needed.