bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The digital reconstruction of degraded ancient temple murals using dynamic mask generation and an extended exemplar-based region-filling algorithm
Authors: Mol V. Rakhi , Maheswari P. Uma
Published: October 2021

A mural is any piece of artwork sculpted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other permanent surface. This artwork symbolizes various culture’s, traditions, historical events, spiritual stories, and civilizations of respective societies of ancient times. But these mural paintings are subjected to degradation either by various natural causes as well as pollution or by human beings without knowing their value. Restoring these paintings requires skilled artisans who are hard to find these days. Consequently, an efficient image restoration technique is required to meet the particular needs of the paintings. Existing in-painting algorithms largely use pixel-based textural reconstruction. The technique, however, does not work well for images with large, degraded portions. and also fails in the restoration of the structure. To resolve these drawbacks, we propose a combined technique for the textural and structural reconstruction of ancient murals. The proposed Extended Exemplar-based Region-Filling Algorithm uses a patch-based reconstruction procedure and masked images are created automatically using the Dynamic Mask Generation Algorithm. The deteriorated portions are identified by creating masks, and masks are created in such a way that degraded portions have a pixel intensity value of one and the remaining part has a value of zero, and filling is done by analyzing the surrounding pixel values of the degraded pixel. The algorithm reconstructs the structure of the paintings efficiently by generating sketches. The proposed technique reconstructs both the structure and textural information, and ensures efficient reconstructed results, compared to existing in-painting techniques. Performance is evaluated by metrics such as the Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM).
Impact of operational temperature changes and freeze–thaw cycles on the hydraulic conductivity of borehole heat exchangers
Authors: Kupfernagel Jan-Henrik , Hesse Jan Christopher , Schedel Markus , Welsch Bastian , Anbergen Hauke , Müller Lutz , Sass Ingo
Published: October 2021

A large share of the primary energy is consumed to provide space heating. Geothermal energy offers a regenerative alternative. For reasons of efficiency and environmental protection, it is important to ensure the system integrity of a borehole heat exchanger (BHE). Previous investigations have focused on the individual components of the BHE or on the grout and pipe systems’ integrity. This study focused on the analysis of the hydraulic system integrity of the complete subsoil–grout–pipe system as well as possible thermally induced changes. For this purpose, a pilot-scale experiment was built to test a 1-m section of a typical BHE under in situ pressure, hydraulic and temperature conditions. During the tests the hydraulic system permeability of the soil and the BHE was measured continuously and separately from each other. In addition, the temperature monitoring array was installed in a 50-cm cross-sectional area. Significant temperature-related fluctuations in the sealing performance could be observed. Hydraulic conductivity limits required by VDI 4640-2 (Thermal use of the underground—ground source heat pump systems, 2019) were exceeded without frost action. The succeeding application of freeze–thaw cycles further enhances the system permeability. The study shows that the thermally induced effects on the system integrity of the BHE are larger and more significant than the subsequent frost-induced effects. The hydrophobic character of the high-density polyethylene (PE-HD) pipes as well as its high coefficient of thermal expansion seem to be the main points of weakness in the system. Optimization research should focus on the interface connection between grout and pipe, whereby hydrophilic pipe materials such as stainless steel or aluminum should also be considered as well as manipulation of the pipe surface properties of PE-HD.
2021 World of Shipping Portugal: An International Research Conference on Maritime Affairs Editorial
Authors: Casaca Ana Cristina Paixão , Loja Maria Amélia Ramos
Published: October 2021

Currently, the shipping industry is at a crossroads. Although it has overcome numerous technological barriers and finance and economic crises over the years, the industry is facing its most prominent challenge, which rests on finding the most feasible solutions to deal with industry decarbonisation until 2050. Within this scope, the current Editorial addresses the issue of sulphur emissions that the industry faced with the entrance of the sulphur regulation on 1 January 2020 and draws attention to the road that the industry players need to cover to decarbonise the shipping industry. Innovative measures like the Poseidon Principles or the Sea Cargo Charter are in place, and industry players are coming together to find feasible solutions. Within this regulatory environment, the shipping industry also had to deal with the COVID-19 Pandemic. However, some market segments, such as the container and dry bulk ones, have managed to survive, which is not the case with the tanker market. Altogether, these events draw the industry to deal with the market, technology, and regulatory challenges and risks whose outcome is yet to be seen. The Editorial concludes by presenting briefly the papers published in this Special Issue, which were selected among the ones presented at the 2021 World of Shipping Portugal, an international research conference on maritime affairs, 28–29 January 2021, that took place online from Portugal to the World due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of Brazilian versus non-Brazilian primary antiphospholipid syndrome patients in AntiPhospholipid Syndrome Alliance for Clinical Trials and InternatiOnal Networking (APS ACTION) clinical database and repository
Authors: de Azevedo Lopes Erivelton , Balbi Gustavo Guimarães Moreira , Tektonidou Maria G. , Pengo Vittorio , Sciascia Savino , Ugarte Amaia , Belmont H. Michael , Gerosa Maria , Fortin Paul R. , Lopez-Pedrera Chary , Ji Lanlan , Cohen Hannah , de Jesús Guilherme Ramires , Branch D. Ware , Nalli Cecilia , Petri Michelle , Rodriguez Esther , Kello Nina , Ríos-Garcés Roberto , Knight Jason S. , Atsumi Tatsuya , Willis Rohan , Bertolaccini Maria Laura , Erkan Doruk , Andrade Danieli ,   APS ACTION
Published: October 2021

Background

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by episodes of thrombosis, obstetric morbidity or both, associated with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Studying the profile of a rare disease in an admixed population is important as it can provide new insights for understanding an autoimmune disease. In this sense of miscegenation, Brazil is characterized by one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world, which is the result of five centuries of interethnic crosses of people from three continents. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics of Brazilian vs. non-Brazilian primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) patients.

Methods

We classified PAPS patients into 2 groups: Brazilian PAPS patients (BPAPS) and PAPS patients from other countries (non-BPAPS). They were compared regarding demographic characteristics, criteria and non-criteria APS manifestations, antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) profile, and the adjusted Global Antiphospholipid Syndrome Score (aGAPSS).

Results

We included 415 PAPS patients (88 [21%] BPAPS and 327 [79%] non-BPAPS). Brazilian patients were significantly younger, more frequently female, sedentary, obese, non-white, and had a higher frequency of livedo (25% vs. 10%, p < 0.001), cognitive dysfunction (21% vs. 8%, p = 0.001) and seizures (16% vs. 7%, p = 0.007), and a lower frequency of thrombocytopenia (9% vs. 18%, p = 0.037). Additionally, they were more frequently positive for lupus anticoagulant (87.5% vs. 74.6%, p = 0.01), and less frequently positive to anticardiolipin (46.6% vs. 73.7%, p < 0.001) and anti-ß2-glycoprotein-I (13.6% vs. 62.7%, p < 0.001) antibodies. Triple aPL positivity was also less frequent (8% vs. 41.6%, p < 0.001) in Brazilian patients. Median aGAPSS was lower in the Brazilian group (8 vs. 10, p < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, BPAPS patients still presented more frequently with livedo, cognitive dysfunction and sedentary lifestyle, and less frequently with thrombocytopenia and triple positivity to aPL. They were also less often white.

Conclusions

Our study suggests a specific profile of PAPS in Brazil with higher frequency of selected non-criteria manifestations and lupus anticoagulant positivity. Lupus anticoagulant (not triple positivity) was the major aPL predictor of a classification criteria event.
Improving visitor satisfaction in Egypt’s Heliopolis historical district
Authors: Abusaada Hisham , Elshater Abeer
Published: October 2021

This study employed applied thematic analysis (ATA) and importance-performance analysis (IPA) to measure visitor satisfaction in city streets. Forty-two elements that significantly influence visitors’ responses to streets and environments were included in five groups characterised by circumstances, characteristics, and indicators. Ibrahim Al-Lakani Street’s atmosphere satisfaction was measured by using coherent research methods. This investigation can assist designers in developing the morphological and social composition necessary to restore a street’s atmosphere and visitor satisfaction. This study contributes to the literature in two ways. First, it examines the relationships between street characteristics and visitor satisfaction in city streets regarding situations, atmospheres and social characteristics that shape these streets. Second, this study integrates ATA and IPA to create a tool for evaluating the significance, performance, and satisfaction of street situations, socio-morphological characteristics and street and visitor responses.
Gertrude and Ludwig's Italian Adventure
Authors: Ballerini Luigi
Published: October 2021

A survey of the ingredients and paratextual elements that converged in Charles Bernstein's “Gertrude and Ludwig's Bogus Adventure,” occasioned by the translation of the poem into Italian. Historical hints and literary echoes are shown to be not merely juxtaposed but intertwined with trivia drawn from B Hollywood movies and accounting for the title itself of the poem. As the making of meaning, especially in the second part of the text, is driven by phonetic equivalences rather than by referential affinities, readers are alerted that ontophony has been chosen as a modus operandi over any attempt at contentual re-creation. The alliterative deployment of the letter p, for instance, has been retained, though this has caused the scene of the poem to transfer from a baseball park to a painter's studio. A suggestion is also put forward that in Bernstein's poetry, the step-by-step logic of Wittgenstein's Tractatus can be made to dialogue with Gertrude Stein's obsessive brushstroke writing.
The Well-Hung & Well-Stretched Language-Tongues of New York
Authors: Joris Pierre
Published: October 2021

This text was written in French as a preface to Charles Bernstein's Pour ainsi dire (So to Speak), a selection of his work translated by Habib Tengour (Algiers, Algeria: Apic Éditions, 2019). Translating it (back?) into English is problematic, as the author does as he claims the addressee does: he puns & plays with words—which is a well-known no-no when it comes to translating. This translation tries to keep this playfulness alive, at the risk of befuddling the audience (but what are audiences for, anyway? Illumination goes through befuddling). Thus the title in French was “Les langues bien pendues and bien tendues de New York.” Now a “langue bien pendue” refers to a rich & ready tongue, a great gabber never at a loss for words, though the title means langue not as “tongue” but as the linguistic thing: “language.” Literally, the expression gives “well-hung”—& that seems to be the easiest way of punning shockingly back into New Yorkese.
Bail Out Poetry
Authors: Lang Abigail
Published: October 2021

Originally written as an afterword to a book-length translation of poems by Charles Bernstein, this piece was meant to introduce his recent poetry and poetics to a French audience. It does so by pondering the twin economic and nautical senses contained in the title Bernstein suggested for the collection: Poetry Bailout (in French, Renflouer la poésie). What is the value of poetry? What are its uses? These are questions which have underpinned Bernstein's work. In an early essay, adapting a statement by Simone Weil, Bernstein posited that poetry draws its social—or antisocial—power from the fact that “it is ceaselessly creating a scale of values ‘that is not of this world.’” One way it does that is by intensifying the experience of reading. Placing his recent poetics under the aegis of Poe, Bernstein has managed to balance poetry's social and aesthetic functions by cultivating the uses of aesthetics, reconciling pragmatism with unabashed aestheticism.
Remarks at the Retirement Celebration for Charles Bernstein
Authors: Howe Susan
Published: October 2021

Remarks made at Charles Bernstein's retirement celebration at the Kelly Writers House, University of Pennsylvania, April 4, 2019.
Your Brain on Poetry: The Making of the Poetics Program
Authors: Bernstein Charles
Published: October 2021

The prehistory of Bernstein's cofounding the Poetics Program at SUNY–Buffalo, his first permanent academic job, in his late thirties. Discusses his initial teaching jobs, at the University of California at San Diego and Princeton, and first course offerings at UCSD, Princeton, and Buffalo.
A Source Which Is Also a Translation: Toward an Expanded- Yiddish Poetics, with Special Reference to Charles Bernstein
Authors: Resnikoff Ariel
Published: October 2021

The present essay contextualizes the poet, scholar, editor, and translator Charles Bernstein (b. 1950), as an artist and practitioner working within a speculative translingual (language-crossing) field and tradition of expanded Yiddish. Reading Bernstein in relation to other expanded-Yiddish figures, such as his elders, Hannah Weiner (1928–77) and Jerome Rothenberg (b. 1931), and ancestor, Walter Benjamin (1892–1940), among others, this essay makes a case for Bernstein as a writer who works from a position of antinomian Jewish translational originlessness, and a diasporic poetics of “need” (à la Charles Reznikoff), in which every source can be understood as a translation and every translation might be treated as a potential source. The coda of the essay addresses the stakes of Bernstein's praxes from the perspective of widespread modern and contemporary anti-Semitism and Jewish self-hatred and concludes with the first ever translation of Bernstein's poetry into Yiddish proper.
Ten Plus Ways of Reading Charles Bernstein: Improvisations on Aphoristic Cores
Authors: Huang Yunte
Published: October 2021

Composed as a series of improvisations, this is a modular essay that examines, ponders, and responds to the radical poetics of Charles Bernstein's work from multiple perspectives, including dysraphism, aphorism, wit, and echopoetics. It also situates Bernstein in the long tradition of innovative American poetics extending from Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein to Charles Olson and Susan Howe.
Learning-based synthetic dual energy CT imaging from single energy CT for stopping power ratio calculation in proton radiation therapy
Authors: Charyyev Serdar , Wang Tonghe , Lei Yang , Ghavidel Beth , Beitler Jonathan J , McDonald Mark , Curran Walter J , Liu Tian , Zhou Jun , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: October 2021

Objective:

Dual energy CT (DECT) has been shown to estimate stopping power ratio (SPR) map with a higher accuracy than conventional single energy CT (SECT) by obtaining the energy dependence of photon interactions. This work presents a learning-based method to synthesize DECT images from SECT image for proton radiotherapy.

Methods:

The proposed method uses a residual attention generative adversarial network. Residual blocks with attention gates were used to force the model to focus on the difference between DECT images and SECT images. To evaluate the accuracy of the method, we retrospectively investigated 70 head-and-neck cancer patients whose DECT and SECT scans were acquired simultaneously. The model was trained to generate both a high and low energy DECT image based on a SECT image. The generated synthetic low and high DECT images were evaluated against the true DECT images using leave-one-out cross-validation. To evaluate our method in the context of a practical application, we generated SPR maps from synthetic DECT (sDECT) using a dual-energy based stoichiometric method and compared the SPR maps to those generated from DECT. A dosimetric comparison for dose obtained from DECT was performed against that derived from sDECT.

Results:

The mean of mean absolute error, peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized cross-correlation for the synthetic high and low energy CT images was 36.9 HU, 29.3 dB, 0.96 and 35.8 HU, 29.2 dB, and 0.96, respectively. The corresponding SPR maps generated from synthetic DECT showed an average normalized mean square deviation of about 1% with reduced noise level and artifacts than those from original DECT. Dose–volume histogram (DVH) metrics for the clinical target volume agree within 1% between the DECT and sDECT calculated dose.

Conclusion:

Our method synthesized accurate DECT images and showed a potential feasibility for proton SPR map generation.

Advances in knowledge:

This study investigated a learning-based method to synthesize DECT images from SECT image for proton radiotherapy.
Trans-humanism’s and Post-humanism’s Dialectics between Truth and Post-truth
Authors: Banaś Monika
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to invite the reader to reflect on the essence of truth and post-truth in two approaches present in humanities and social sciences: trans-humanism and post-humanism. The notions of truth and post-truth, just like those of trans- and post-humanism, do not have a single defining interpretation. This implies disputes about what truth is and what is the role of man as an being, capable of creative activity, and thus of creating other entities and concepts describing them. However, the problem still remains the doubt as to what extent the ability of creative action allows man to know the truth (alternatively, to establish it), and to what extent it leads us astray. Post-truth emerges as a proposition in the face of the impossibility of reaching a consensus on the former. It is similar in the case of trans- and post-humanism, as concepts offering improved, because more up-to-date, approaches to the exploration of the human being himself, the motives of his actions, and his progress. The issues are presented by means of a critical analysis of selected scientific discourses, including definitions and research approaches that are gaining popularity in academia of the so-called Western cultural circle.
Instrumentalization as a Sin of Untruth
Authors: Krzyzewski Seweryn
Published: October 2021

The reconstructions, analyses and discussions concerning various broadly understood instrumentalized objects available in the subject literature allow one to distinguish and identify at least two interrelated forms of instrumentalization – a weak and a strong form. The former consists of using a particular object for fulfilling an aim in its unspecific functions. Thus, it can be treated as opposite to the phenomenon of functional fixation. The essence of the latter is a change in the position of the instrumentalized object, both in the ontological and axiological order – one which is a degrading change. It is this form of instrumentalization which allows the possibility of its reinterpretation in the categories of a sin of untruth. Such reinterpretation makes use of the multitude of forms of truth and their interrelationships, as well as of the distinction between a “great and small truth.” Thus, the heuristic value of the rhetoric of sin used here enables one to emphasise some important factual aspects. Firstly, referring to many possible dimensions in which instrumentalization can be subjected to evaluation, sin will be treated here metaphorically (due to taking into account all dimensions together) and literally (in order to highlight in consequence its moral, conscious and intended character). Secondly, this rhetoric can reflect the complex structure of instrumentalization, expressed in the categories of a sin committed “in thought, word, deed and omission,” of a light or heavy nature, with violation carried out on the nature of the instrumentalized object as its extreme form. Thirdly, rhetoric allows one to understand the perpetrator of instrumentalization’s activation of disguising, justifying or even absolving his activities. Fourthly, this results in seeking out the psychological mechanism of “being led into temptation.” Its complex character can be clearly seen in many cases, especially in the case of political instrumentalization of religion, where, on the one hand, the profanation of religion takes place, while on the other, the legitimisation, ennoblement or even sacralisation of politics occurs.
Quality Regulation on Two-Sided Platforms: Exclusion, Subsidization, and First-Party Applications
Authors: Huang Peng , Lyu Gaoyan , Xu Yi
Published: October 2021

Managing the quality of complementary applications is vital to the success of a two-sided platform. While prior research has focused solely on restricting platform access based on a quality threshold, we compare three quality regulation strategies: (1) the platform excludes access to low-quality complementors, (2) it provides a fixed amount of subsidy to high-quality complementors, and (3) it develops its own high-quality applications in addition to those from third-party complementors. Our analyses reveal that the widely adopted exclusion strategy is a special case of the subsidization strategy, and it does not always benefit the platform. In contrast, both subsidization and first-party applications strategies render the platform owner better off, with higher profits, higher average quality, and a larger consumer network, but only subsidization always improves social welfare. In addition, the trade-off between subsidization and first-party applications strategies depends on the development cost of first-party applications and the fraction of high-quality complementors, but the relationship is not monotonic. Our results demonstrate that the platform does not have to sacrifice application quantity for higher application quality. With the right choices, it can profitably improve both measures simultaneously. This research provides concrete guidelines to help platform managers make decisions about regulating the quality of complementary applications.

This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
Optimal Liquidity-Based Trading Tactics
Authors: Lehalle Charles-Albert , Mounjid Othmane , Rosenbaum Mathieu
Published: October 2021

We consider an agent who needs to buy (or sell) a relatively small amount of assets over some fixed short time interval. We work at the highest frequency meaning that we wish to find the optimal tactic to execute our quantity using limit orders, market orders, and cancellations. To solve the agent’s control problem, we build an order book model and optimize an expected utility function based on our price impact. We derive the equations satisfied by the optimal strategy and solve them numerically. Moreover, we show that our optimal tactic enables us to outperform significantly naive execution strategies.
Comparing medication use and patient satisfaction in conscious sedation nursing practices: a retrospective study
Authors: Parone Linda , Rawal Sahil , Ellis Allison , Peterson Bryant , Escalante Lourdes , Sharma Ravi , Pandya Bhavi , Kumar Arnav , Panchal Hemang B , Prakash Meghanaprakash Hiriyur , Yadav Ritu , Kanwar Nidhi , Sawant Abhishek C
Published: October 2021

Background

Moderate sedation is performed frequently in the hospital setting for same-day, invasive procedures. The primary administrators of moderate sedation are nurses who have been trained to administer medication based on patient responsiveness, airway, ventilation and cardiovascular function. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of nurse-administered conscious sedation by assessing medication use, clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Methods

Data from same-day, elective procedures in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory and interventional radiology departments were collected, including comorbidities, procedural characteristics and post-sedation questionnaires.

Results

Procedure duration was found to be longer in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory (55 minutes; interquartile range: 37–81 minutes) than in interventional radiology (24 minutes; interquartile range 16–45 minutes; P value of <0.001). Associated comorbidities in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory compared to interventional radiology included hypertension in 103 patients (78% vs 44.7%, P=<0.001), heart failure in 23 patients (17.4% vs 3.2%, P=<0.001), arrhythmias in 20 patients (15.2% vs 1%, P=0.1), and chronic kidney disease in 44 patients (33.3% vs 14.9%, P=0.002).

Conclusions:

Patients receiving conscious sedation while undergoing procedures in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory and interventional radiology were found to have no adverse clinical outcomes, as evidenced by the absence of reversal agents and advanced airway requirements. The procedural duration of the catheterisation procedures were significantly longer than interventional radiology and patients received overall less sedation medication.
Biofilm and dental unit waterline management
Authors: Yates Laura
Published: October 2021

Laura Yates discusses the problem of biofilm formation and management strategies to inhibit the growth of biofilms in DUWLs, to ensure water quality meets all required UK regulatory standards and to reduce potential risk factors for both patients and staff
Comfort Evaluation and Position Optimization of the Clutch Pedal in Agricultural Machinery Based on a Multi-Level Evaluation System
Authors: Qin Zengzhi , Shang Yujun , Jiang Wei , Li Hang , Xu Hongmei , Zhang Guozhong
Published: October 2021

Highlights

Comfort evaluation and position parameter optimization of the clutch pedal were conducted.

A comprehensive evaluation system was established for sitting comfort and operating comfort.

A single-factor test and a response surface optimization test were carried out.

Pedal inclination and its left-right distance synergistically influenced operating comfort.

Abstract. The clutch pedal is the most frequently used control device in agricultural machinery and is an important component that affects operating comfort and safety. This study focused on the comfort evaluation and position parameter optimization of the clutch pedal based on a multi-degree-of-freedom test platform of an agricultural machinery cab. First, the H point (hip point) was determined based on a human body model of the operator’s sitting posture as a reference. Two position parameters were then determined: the pedal inclination angle, and the left-right distance of the pedal relative to the operator’s centerline. On this basis, a comprehensive evaluation system for sitting comfort and operating comfort was established. Single-factor tests were used to determine the comfort range and optimal levels of the two position parameters. A response surface optimization was then performed to determine the optimal parameter combination, and a first-order regression model of the response surface was established and corrected using the variance analysis method. The analysis results showed that the pedal inclination angle and its interaction with the left-right distance had a significant effect on comfort (a = 0.05). Based on the evaluation results, the mechanism underlying the influence of the position parameters on pedal comfort was analyzed. Finally, optimization and verification of the pedal position parameters were performed. The results showed that the expected comprehensive score for pedal comfort was 0.831, with an average relative error of 3.64% from the measured value, indicating that the optimization of the position parameters was reliable. The findings of this study may provide a reference for the optimal design of clutch pedals in agricultural machinery. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, Clutch pedal, Comfort evaluation, Parameter optimization, Response surface method.
Rotator Cuff Tears: An Everlasting Enigma
Authors: Shekhar Anshu , Kamat Nilesh , Tapasvi Sachin
Published: October 2021

Rotator Cuff (RC) tear is a common cause of disability and pain for which middle aged and elderly individuals seek orthopaedic consultation. A unique feature of RC tear treatment is that it encompasses an entire spectrum, which ranges from humble conservative methods to complicated tendon transfers. There is a now a fair amount of agreement about which treatment modality must be offered to whom, based on tear type, tendon retraction, tissue quality and patient profile. What must be borne in mind however, is that no bridges be burnt when choosing a treatment method. This would keep the door open for a salvage or revision procedure to help the patient. This issue of the Asian Journal of Arthroscopy is a symposium dedicated to management strategies for Rotator cuff tears.

The importance of clinical examination in a patient with shoulder pain and weakness cannot be overemphasized. It is the cornerstone of formulating an individualized treatment plan. Vivek Pandey has discussed the methodology for all the relevant tests to accurately diagnose a rotator cuff tear, along with their pearls and pitfalls. One of the most important reasons why arthroscopic shoulder surgery in general and rotator cuff surgery is particular has evolved, is the remarkable progress in imaging, especially Magnetic Resonance scans. Anupama Patil has written a detailed descriptive review in this subject. An understanding of the nuances of imaging will help the clinician to clinically co-relate her findings. A sound clinician is one has a grasp of theoretical concepts developed and validated over the years. The ability to a classify rotator cuff tear based on imaging findings and co-relating clinically in the foundation on which every treatment decision is made. Ram Chidambaram has written an exhaustive review detailing all classification systems for rotator cuff tear. Jaap Willems has presented an algorithm for such decision making based primarily on age and tear morphology.

The non-operativ
Evolving concepts in the rotator cuff footprint
Authors: Achalare Ajinkya , Kamat Nilesh , Mudunuri M.P. Ramraju
Published: October 2021

Rotator cuff (RC) tears are a common presentation in day-to-day clinical settings. Majority of the symptomatic patients are treated by a surgical repair. Before considering a surgical intervention, it is vital to understand the anatomy of RC footprint and restore it, in order to achieve an optimal tension-free repair, better healing and subsequently good clinical outcomes. Concepts pertaining to the RC footprint over the greater tuberosity (GT) have been constantly changing in the past two decades with meticulous anatomical studies. Traditional concepts of individual insertions of supraspinatus (SSP) and infraspinatus (ISP), SSP alone playing the vital role in shoulder abduction, now stand obsolete. Similarly, being the largest muscle-tendon unit, subscapularis (SSC) has been studied extensively and is now known to have a three dimensional insertion over lesser tuberosity. This article reviews the evolution of concepts pertaining to RC insertion and their clinical application.
Keywords: Rotator cuff; Footprint; Three-dimensional insertion.
Diagnostic Clinical Tests in Rotator Cuff Tear: Which and Why?
Authors: Pandey Vivek
Published: October 2021

Rotator cuff tear is a leading cause of shoulder pain resulting in varying degree of disability to perform activities of daily living. A methodical history taking and focussed clinical examination helps in establishing the clinical diagnosis. A number of tests are mentioned in the literature to test the integrity of rotator cuff. This narrative review will focus upon methodology of each test, and their diagnostic accuracy.
Keywords: Rotator cuff tear; Impingement; Clinical tests; Diagnosis.
Fibular Hypoplasia, Talar Aplasia, Absent Proximal Tibial Growth Plate and Oligosyndactyly (Variant of Fibular Aplasia, Tibial Campomelia, and Oligosyndactyly Syndrome) – Paucity of Case Reports with Evolving Definition.
Authors: Mishra Pankaj Kumar , Verma Maneesh
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly (FATCO) syndrome is a rare disorder with unknown molecular basis. Since it is a rare disorder, so it is commendable to report the each case, due to its sporadic incidence and paucity of the standardized management protocol for their management.

Case Report: It is a case report of newly born male baby, whose anxious parents presented to the outpatient department with a deformity in the left lower limb. This resembled the FATCO syndrome. After clinico-radiological workup, it was categorized as a variant of FATCO syndrome.

Conclusion: ounseling of parents should be done and let them realize that what is inescapable with this syndrome and what is bound to happen during the treatment.

Keywords: Variant, FATCO, RARE
Acute Atraumatic Compartment Syndrome of the Thigh Due to Acquired Coagulopathy Disorder: A Case Report in Known Healthy Patient
Authors: Abudaqqa Raed Y , Arun Kariyal P , Mas Ali J Al , Abushaaban Faris A , Abushaaban Faris A
Published: October 2021

Introduction: We present a case of spontaneous compartment syndrome due to a very rare cause which is acquired hemophilia.

Case Presentation:A 34-year-old patient presented with the right thigh swelling and features of acute compartment syndrome without history of trauma. He had no history of bleeding disorder. There were no features of infection. As his initial blood tests were within normal 16 g/dl, and his compartment syndrome worsened, he had decompression of the thigh. During the post-operative period, the patient developed persistent bleeding from the decompressed wounds and a fall in hemoglobin which led to further investigation when the blood profile showed a deficiency of factor VIII and antibodies to factor VIII, diagnosis of acquired hemophilia was made and appropriate treatment given.

Conclusion: If atraumatic compartment syndrome diagnosed, possibility of acquired factor VIII deficiency should be raised by isolated prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and diagnosis confirmed by measuring factor VIII activity level and detecting any factor’s VIII antibodies in blood, such as in this case, the factor VIII level was 5.5 (very low) and against factor VIII antibodies level was 60.8 (high). Here, hematologist should be involved in management.

Keywords: Compartment syndrome, atraumatic, acquired factor VIII deficiency.
Changes in Hematobiochemical, Radiological, and Synovial Fluid Parameter in Patients of Osteoarthritis Knee with Effusion: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Jain Sachin , Gupta Sameer , Naugraiya Tarun
Published: October 2021

Introduction: A joint is the point of connection between two bones in our body. Inflammation of joint leads to several diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a common condition of debilitating joint disease mainly affecting the elderly.

Case Report:e In this study, we had studied correlation the cases (OA with synovial effusion) and control (OA without synovial effusion) with blood parameters, radiological and synovial fluid parameters (tumor necrosis factor-? [TNF]-? levels), and the incidence of synovial effusion in radiological staging of disease. Out of 100 patients, 50 patients with OA knee with effusion and 50 patients OA knee without effusion. We concluded that incidence of synovitis knee along with raised markers of inflammation, that is, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and synovial fluid TNF-? levels was significantly higher in Stage II of OA knee, indicating that inflammation is significant part of early OA knee. Inflammation in early part of disease can lead to articular cartilage damage and rapid progression of osteoarthritic changes.

Conclusion:Our study concluded that OA is not only a degenerative disease but also there is significant contribution of inflammation in disease process. Targeting inflammation in synovium may delay/prevent articular cartilage damage and osteophytes formation, especially in early OA. Anti-TNF-? agents and anti-inflammatory drugs may be considered for definitive treatment of OA.

Keywords: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, osteoarthritis, Kellgren Lawrence.
Enhanced optical nonlinearity in a silicon–organic hybrid slot waveguide for all-optical signal processing
Authors: Wang Yonghua , He Su , Gao Xiaoyan , Ye Piaopiao , Lei Lei , Dong Wenchan , Zhang Xinliang , Xu Ping
Published: October 2021

Silicon photonic integrated devices used for nonlinear optical signal processing play a key role in ultrafast switching, computing, and modern optical communications. However, current devices suffer from limited operation speeds and low conversion efficiencies due to the intrinsically low nonlinear index of silicon. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate enhanced optical nonlinearity in a silicon–organic hybrid slot waveguide consisting of an ultranarrow slot waveguide coated with a highly nonlinear organic material. The fabricated slot area is as narrow as 45 nm, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the narrowest slot width that has been experimentally reported in silicon slot waveguides. The nonlinear coefficient of the proposed device with a length of 3 mm is measured to be up to

1.43
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6

  

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1

 

km

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. Based on the nanostructure design, the conversion efficiencies of degenerate four-wave mixing showed enhancements of more than 12 dB and 5 dB compared to those measured for an identical device without the organic material and a silicon strip waveguide, respectively. As a proof of concept, all-optical canonical logic units based on the prepared device with two inputs at 40 Gb/s are analyzed. The obtained logic results showed clear temporal waveforms and wide-open eye diagrams with error-free performance, illustrating that our device has great potential for use in high-speed all-optical signal processing and high-performance computing in the nodes and terminals of optical networks.
Controllable optofluidic assembly of biological cells using an all-dielectric one-dimensional photonic crystal
Authors: Lu Fengya , Gong Lei , Kuai Yan , Tang Xi , Xiang Yifeng , Wang Pei , Zhang Douguo
Published: October 2021

Opto-thermophoretic manipulation is emerging as an effective way for versatile trapping, guiding, and assembly of biological nanoparticles and cells. Here we report a new opto-thermophoretic tweezer based on an all-dielectric one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) for reversible assembly of biological cells with a controllable center. To reveal its ability of long-range optofluidic manipulation, we demonstrate the reversible assembly of many yeast cells as well as E. coli cells that are dispersed in water solution. The 1DPC-based tweezer can also exert short-range optical gradient forces associated with focused Bloch surface waves excited on the 1DPC, which can optically trap single particles. By combining both the optical and thermophoretic manipulation, the optically trapped single polystyrene particle can work as a controllable origin of the reversible cellular assembly. Numerical simulations are performed to calculate the temperature distribution and convective flow velocity on the 1DPC, which are consistent with the experimental observations and theoretically confirm the long-range manipulations on the all-dielectric 1DPC platform. The opto-thermophoretic tweezers based on all-dielectric 1DPC endow the micromanipulation toolbox for potential applications in biomedical sciences.
Near-infrared electroluminescence of AlGaN capped InGaN quantum dots formed by controlled growth on photoelectrochemical etched quantum dot templates
Authors: Wei Xiongliang , Al Muyeed Syed Ahmed , Xue Haotian , Palmese Elia , Song Renbo , Tansu Nelson , Wierer Jonathan J.
Published: October 2021

Near-infrared electroluminescence of InGaN quantum dots (QDs) formed by controlled growth on photoelectrochemical (PEC) etched QD templates is demonstrated. The QD template consists of PEC InGaN QDs with high density and controlled sizes, an AlGaN capping layer to protect the QDs, and a GaN barrier layer to planarize the surface. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) of Stranski–Krastanov (SK) growth on the QD template shows high-In-content InGaN QDs that align vertically to the PEC QDs due to localized strain. A high-Al-content

Al

0.9

Ga

0.1

N

capping layer prevents the collapse of the SK QDs due to intermixing or decomposition during higher temperature GaN growth as verified by STEM. Growth of low-temperature (830°C) p-type layers is used to complete the p-n junction and further ensure QD integrity. Finally, electroluminescence shows a significant wavelength shift (800 nm to 500 nm), caused by the SK QDs’ tall height, high In content, and strong polarization-induced electric fields.
Porcine ZBED6 regulates growth of skeletal muscle and internal organs via multiple targets
Authors: Wang Dandan , Pan Dengke , Xie Baocai , Wang Shengnan , Xing Xiangyang , Liu Xuexue , Ma Yuehui , Andersson Leif , Wu Jiangwei , Jiang Lin
Published: October 2021

ZBED6 (zinc finger BED domain containing protein 6) is a transcription factor unique to placental mammals and its interaction with the IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) locus plays a prominent role in the regulation of postnatal skeletal muscle growth. Here, we generated lean Bama miniature pigs by generating ZBED6-knockout (ZBED6−/−) and investigated the mechanism underlying ZBED6 in growth of muscle and internal organs of placental mammals. ZBED6−/− pigs show markedly higher lean mass, lean mass rate, larger muscle fiber area and heavier internal organs (heart and liver) than wild-type (WT) pigs. The striking phenotypic changes of ZBED6-/- pigs coincided with remarkable upregulation of IGF2 mRNA and protein expression across three tissues (gastrocnemius muscle, longissimus dorsi, heart). Despite a significant increase in liver weight, ZBED6-/- pigs show comparable levels of IGF2 expression to those of WT controls. A mechanistic study revealed that elevated methylation in the liver abrogates ZBED6 binding at the IGF2 locus, explaining the unaltered hepatic IGF2 expression in ZBED6-/- pigs. These results indicate that a ZBED6-IGF2-independent regulatory pathway exists in the liver. Transcriptome analysis and ChIP-PCR revealed new ZBED6 target genes other than IGF2, including cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) and tsukushi, small leucine rich proteoglycan (TSKU), that regulates growth of muscle and liver, respectively.
Systematic shifts in scaling behavior based on organizational strategy in universities
Authors: Taylor Ryan C. , Liang Xiaofan , Laubichler Manfred D. , West Geoffrey B. , Kempes Christopher P. , Dumas Marion
Published: October 2021

To build better theories of cities, companies, and other social institutions such as universities, requires that we understand the tradeoffs and complementarities that exist between their core functions, and that we understand bounds to their growth. Scaling theory has been a powerful tool for addressing such questions in diverse physical, biological and urban systems, revealing systematic quantitative regularities between size and function. Here we apply scaling theory to the social sciences, taking a synoptic view of an entire class of institutions. The United States higher education system serves as an ideal case study, since it includes over 5,800 institutions with shared broad objectives, but ranges in strategy from vocational training to the production of novel research, contains public, nonprofit and for-profit models, and spans sizes from 10 to roughly 100,000 enrolled students. We show that, like organisms, ecosystems and cities, universities and colleges scale in a surprisingly systematic fashion following simple power-law behavior. Comparing seven commonly accepted sectors of higher education organizations, we find distinct regimes of scaling between a school’s total enrollment and its expenditures, revenues, graduation rates and economic added value. Our results quantify how each sector leverages specific economies of scale to address distinct priorities. Taken together, the scaling of features within a sector along with the shifts in scaling across sectors implies that there are generic mechanisms and constraints shared by all sectors, which lead to tradeoffs between their different societal functions and roles. We highlight the strong complementarity between public and private research universities, and community and state colleges, that all display superlinear returns to scale. In contrast to the scaling of biological systems, our results highlight that much of the observed scaling behavior is modulated by the particular strategies of organizations rather than an immutable set of constraints.
Mitochondrial respiratory chain and Krebs cycle enzyme function in human donor livers subjected to end-ischaemic hypothermic machine perfusion
Authors: Abudhaise Hamid , Taanman Jan-Willem , DeMuylder Peter , Fuller Barry , Davidson Brian R.
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Marginal human donor livers are highly susceptible to ischaemia reperfusion injury and mitochondrial dysfunction. Oxygenation during hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) was proposed to protect the mitochondria but the mechanism is unclear. Additionally, the distribution and uptake of perfusate oxygen during HMP are unknown. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of mitochondrial function analysis during end-ischaemic HMP, assess potential mitochondrial viability biomarkers, and record oxygenation kinetics.

Methods

This was a randomised pilot study using human livers retrieved for transplant but not utilised. Livers (n = 38) were randomised at stage 1 into static cold storage (n = 6), hepatic artery HMP (n = 7), and non-oxygen supplemented portal vein HMP (n = 7) and at stage 2 into oxygen supplemented and non-oxygen supplemented portal vein HMP (n = 11 and 7, respectively). Mitochondrial parameters were compared between the groups and between low- and high-risk marginal livers based on donor history, organ steatosis and preservation period. The oxygen delivery efficiency was assessed in additional 6 livers using real-time measurements of perfusate and parenchymal oxygen.

Results

The change in mitochondrial respiratory chain (complex I, II, III, IV) and Krebs cycle enzyme activity (aconitase, citrate synthase) before and after 4-hour preservation was not different between groups in both study stages (p > 0.05). Low-risk livers that could have been used clinically (n = 8) had lower complex II-III activities after 4-hour perfusion, compared with high-risk livers (73 nmol/mg/min vs. 113 nmol/mg/min, p = 0.01). Parenchymal pO2 was consistently lower than perfusate pO2 (p ≤ 0.001), stabilised in 28 minutes compared to 3 minutes in perfusate (p = 0.003), and decreased faster upon oxygen cessation (75 vs. 36 minutes, p = 0.003).

Conclusions

Actively oxygenated and air-equilibrated end-ischaemic HMP did not induce oxidative damage of aconitase, and respiratory chain complexes remained intact. Mitochondria likely respond to variable perfusate oxygen levels by adapting their respiratory function during end-ischaemic HMP. Complex II-III activities should be further investigated as viability biomarkers.