bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DA INFLUÊNCIA DO PROCESSO DAS INDEPENDÊNCIAS DAS COLÔNIAS PORTUGUESAS O CASO DE GUINÉ-BISSAU
Authors: Namone Dabana
Published: February 2019

A influência do processo das independências das colônias portuguesas na África, particularmente em Guiné-Bissau tem sido analisado pela via externa, tendo como marco histórico, dois acontecimentos: (a) A onda das mudanças políticas ocorridas no fim das duas Guerras Mundiais e (b) o contexto político -ideológico motivado pela Guerra Fria. Análises anteriores ignoram a influência dos fatores internos, isto é, a resistência africana à dominação colonial que foi determinante no processo das independências. O objetivo é de analisar a influência desses fatores no processo das independências e criticar a visão unilateral, segundo a qual, essa influência se deu apenas a partir do exterior.
AS POSSIBILIDADES DE USO DO SOFTWARE DE ANÁLISE QUALITATIVA NVIVO
Authors: Both Ames Valesca Daiana
Published: February 2019

Este artigo pretende discutir as potencialidades e limites do uso do software de análise qualitativa Nvivo a partir da exposição da possibilidade de aplicação do referido software ao estudo do processo de construção social do Aeromóvel em Porto Alegre/RS. No artigo são abordados os principais recursos oferecidos pelo software, e como eles funcionam. Para tanto, apresentamos algumas etapas de organização e análise dos dados, seguindo nossa pesquisa exemplo. Este exercício torna-se importante na medida em que permite uma maior familiaridade com o uso desta ferramenta auxiliar de pesquisa qualitativa.
OS CONCEITOS SOCIOLÓGICOS FUNDAMENTAIS DE MAX WEBER EM "A ÉTICA PROTESTANTE E O ESPÍRITO DO CAPITALISMO"
Authors: Dresch Gabriella Ane
Published: February 2019

Este artigo pretende esclarecer alguns dos conceitos sociológicos fundamentais apresentados por Max Weber. São utilizados trechos de “A Ética Protestante e o Espírito do Capitalismo”, um dos mais difundidos trabalhos do autor e um marco para as Ciências Sociais, para possibilitar o contato com o modo pelo qual os termos aparecem na obra de Weber. O intuito é facilitar a compreensão da teoria weberiana pelo esclarecimento de pontos importantes da sua proposição teórico-conceitual, aliado de uma breve familiarização da interpretação do autor acerca da modernidade ocidental.
A REGULAÇÃO PÚBLICA DO PRIVADO: O CASO DA VIOLÊNCIA CONJUGAL CONTRA A MULHER
Authors: Stuker Paola
Published: February 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar se a regulação pública da violência conjugal contra a mulher, através da Lei Maria da Penha, confere com a demanda das vítimas que acionam o sistema judiciário. Sendo assim, buscou -se problematizar a efetividade da Lei 11.340/06 e o seu r ompimento total com a Lei 9.099/95, através de uma pesquisa na 4ª Vara Criminal do Fórum da Comarca de Santa Maria, RS. Os resultados indicaram que as vítimas parecem desacreditar que o sistema penal seja um instrumento efetivo para solucionar os conflitos de gênero.
DOENÇA: UMA MINA INEXPLORADA
Authors: Woolf Virgina
Published: February 2019

Tradução do texto "Illness: an unexploited mine" de Virginia Woolf realizado por Gustavo Hessmann Dalaqua.
BREVE OBSERVAÇÃO SOBRE A ILHA DA MADEIRA FEITA AO TRAJETO DE LIVORNO AO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Raddi Giuseppe
Published: February 2019

Tradução do artigo "Breve osservazione sull'isola di madera fatta nel tragitto da Livorno a Rio di Janeiro" de Giuseppe Raddi realizada por Marilene Kall Alves e Benilde Socreppa Schultz.
INÍCIO OU O COLAPSO DO INFERNO?
Authors: Rodrigues Igor De Souza
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo abordar a criação do primeiro complexo penitenciário do Brasil construído e administrado por empresas particulares, o Complexo Penitenciário Ribeirão das Neves, instituído no estado de Minas Gerais. Enquanto tal, atesta para a vital necessidade de se contextualizar a discussão em meio a mudanças ocorridas, principalmente, na segunda metade do Século XX, onde o estado de bem-estar social vai, aos poucos, cedendo lugar ao estado penal. Assim, busca-se fazer uma análise crítica da forma liberal e conservadora com o qual o tema é tratado, na expressão em nível ótimo “a cadeia é um inferno”, não para diminuir o estado penal, mas justamente ao contrário, para aumentá-lo.
AS PAREDES FALAM DEMAIS: CORPO, ARQUITETURA E DISCIPLINA NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE
Authors: Ratts Junior
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho tem como propósito principal refletir sobre as transformações contemporâneas do corpo em sua relação com a mídia, a arquitetura e os discursos culturais, a partir de uma perspectiva sociológica, comunicacional e semiótica. Para tanto, o trabalho utilizará o reality show estadunidense America’s Next Top Model como objeto de análise. Assim, a partir de uma reflexão crítica acerca dos discursos das participantes do programa, o artigo pretende perceber e revelar como se dão as formas táticas de construção do corpo como signo, em consonância com o mercado global da moda e da comunicação, e de que maneira essa transformação proporciona ao sujeito midiatizado uma realidade distinta que lhe garante destaque e sobrevivência em meio ao coletivo.
DEMOCRACIA E REPRESENTAÇÃO POLÍTICA: UMA PERSPECTIVA SOCIOLÓGICA SOBRE ORGANIZAÇÃO COLETIVA NA SOCIEDADE CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Ramos Rubia De Araujo
Published: February 2019

Este artigo objetiva apresentar a relação teórica entre a noção de democracia e o conceito de sujeito presentes no trabalho de Alain Touraine. Tem por base a obra "O que é a democracia?", 1996; e parte da hipótese de que tal relação teórica estaria diretamente relacionada ao núcleo de questões levantadas pelo autor, e que concerne o mundo pós-industrial. Após breve introdução, sobre emergências da modernidade, apresento e analiso o novo paradigma social, proposto por Touraine, as mudanças sofridas pela democracia enquanto necessidade de afirmação das identidades, que, no limite, indica o lugar do ator social nesse contexto. Assim, pretende-se contribuir para a Teoria Sociológica Contemporânea.
MONOPARENTALIDADE FEMININA NECESSIDADES SOCIAIS E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Babiuk Graciele Alves
Published: February 2019

O presente estudo bibliográfico e documental tem como objetivo analisar aspectos da monoparentalidade feminina - fenômeno social que tem ganhado grande expressividade - e da função da mulher como provedora de família monoparental. Evidencia a particularidade das necessidades sociais deste grupo social e a imprescindibilidade da atenção do Estado, visando o exercício dos direitos dessas famílias, bem como o acesso às políticas públicas.
ENTREVISTA VÂNIA PENHA-LOPES
Authors: Ribeiro Carolina , Jardim Roberto
Published: February 2019

A Sociologias Plurais entrevistou a professora Vânia Penha-Lopes que aceitou conversar conosco enquanto ministrava o mini curso RELAÇÕES RACIAIS COMPARADAS: BRASIL E EUA, promovido pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia (PGSOCIO/UFPR); Núcleo de Estudos de Gênero (NEG/UFPR); Núcleo de Estudos Afro-Brasileiros (NEAB/UFPR); Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE/UFPR) e o Instituto de Estudos Avançado de Mobilidade Social. Vânia Penha-Lopes, Ph.D., é professora titular de Sociologia no Bloomfield College, em Nova Jérsei, EUA e, desde 2010, codiretora do Seminário do Brasil na Universidade Columbia, em Nova Iorque, também é membro do comitê executivo da Brazilian Studies Association-BRASA. É doutora em Sociologia pela Universidade de Nova Iorque (1999), com pós-doutorado em Ciências Sociais do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (2007). É também mestra em Sociologia (1991) e em Antropologia (1987), ambos pela Universidade de Nova Iorque, e bacharel em Ciências Sociais pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (1982, com distinção acadêmica). A Professora Doutora Vânia é congressista e palestrante na América do Norte, América do Sul e Europa e é autora de vários artigos, em inglês e português, sobre relações raciais no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, ações afirmativas comparadas, família e masculinidades. Durante sua passagem pelo Brasil em 2013, Vânia Penha-Lopes lançou o livro “Pioneiros: Cotistas na Universidade Brasileira” pela Paco Editorial.
The Relationship between Death Anxiety, Level of Optimism and Religiosity among Adult Cancer Patients: A Predictive Study
Authors: Ahmad Ahmad Attyea , Gaber Osama Hasan
Published: February 2019

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between death anxiety, optimism and religiosity among cancer patients. The sample consisted of (42) adults who were all suffering from cancer. Three main scales namely, death anxiety scale, optimism scale and religiosity scale were developed by the researcher and then used in the present study to collect data. Pearson Correlation Coefficient (-0.38) showed that the relationship between death anxiety and optimism was statistically significant. On the other hand, the relationship between death anxiety and religiosity was also statistically significant as Pearson Correlation Coefficient was (-0.34). Furthermore, regression and prediction coefficients (stepwise) showed that death anxiety could be predicted by optimism and religiosity. therefore the need for the preparation of programs for the counseling for cancer patients to reduce the death anxiety fells and increase their level of optimism.
Customer relationships as dynamic capabilities of an enterprise – theoretical aspects and practical implications
Authors: Pukas Anetta
Published: February 2019

The article has a character of a theoretical overview and presents marketing aspects of the Resource-Based View (RBV). The considerations in this article are related to the Dy-namic Capability Concept as a new research area in management sciences. The theses of the article focus particularly on locating customer relationships in the conceptual discourse of this concept. The purpose of this article is to identify relationships with customers as dynamic capabilities of an enterprise. The article also presents directions of practical implications and possibilities for using relational skills as a source of com-petitive advantage of an enterprise. The article uses the method of source analysis, which is based on domestic and foreign literature of the subject.
Annotated review of Cryptocephalinae (Clytrini), Synetinae and part of Galerucinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) described by Carl Peter Thunberg
Authors: Bezděk Jan
Published: February 2019

The taxa of Cryptocephalinae (Clytrini), Synetinae and part of Galerucinae introduced by Carl Peter Thunberg are reviewed based on the examination of primary type specimens deposited in the Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: Coptocephala unifasciata unifasciata (Scopoli, 1763) = Cryptocephalus melanocephalus Thunberg, 1787 syn. nov.; Melitonoma decemnotata (Thunberg, 1787) comb. nov. (from Cryptocephalus Geoffroy, 1762); Miopristis flexuosa (Thunberg, 1821) = Miopristis namaquensis Medvedev, 1993 syn. nov.; Protoclytra (Lacordairella) taeniata (Thunberg, 1821) comb. nov. (from Camptolenes Chevrolat, 1836) = Camptolenes fastuosa (Lacordaire, 1848) syn. nov.; Smeia undata (Thunberg, 1821) comb. nov. (from Miopristis Lacordaire, 1848) = Smeia virginea (Lacordaire, 1848) syn. nov. = Melitonoma pictipennis Jacoby, 1898 syn. nov.; Teinocera catenata (Thunberg, 1821) comb. nov. (from Miopristis) = Teinocera subclathrata (Lacordaire, 1848) syn. nov.; Exosoma lusitanica (Linnaeus, 1767) = Crioceris haemorrhoa Thunberg, 1827 syn. nov.; Megalognatha festiva (Fabricius, 1781) = Crioceris virens Thunberg, 1827 syn. nov.; Monolepta bioculata (Fabricius, 1781) = Cryptocephalus bioculatus Thunberg, 1827 syn. nov.; Monolepta melanogaster (Wiedemann, 1823) = Cryptocephalus capensis Thunberg, 1827 syn. nov.; Palaeophylia tricolor (Fabricius, 1781) = Crioceris tetrapuncta Thunberg, 1787 syn. nov. = Crioceris dimidiata Thunberg, 1827 syn. nov. Lectotypes are designated for Cryptocephalus bioculatus Thunberg, 1827 and Crioceris dimidiata Thunberg, 1827. Melitonoma decemnotata comb. nov. is redescribed. Labidostomis insidiosa Péringuey, 1888 is resurrected from synonymy with Teinocera catenata comb. nov. and provisionally placed as a valid species in the genus Miopristis Lacordaire, 1848. Crioceris betulina Thunberg, 1787 is proposed as nomen oblitum for Syneta betulae (Fabricius, 1792) (nomen protectum). Colour photographs of the type specimens of all taxa are provided.
Linguistic Conventions of Mathematical Proof Writing at the Undergraduate Level: Mathematicians' and Students' Perspectives
Authors: Lew Kristen , Mejía-Ramos Juan Pablo
Published: February 2019

This study examined the genre of undergraduate mathematical proof writing by asking mathematicians and undergraduate students to read 7 partial proofs and identify and discuss uses of mathematical language that were out of the ordinary with respect to what they considered conventional mathematical proof writing. Three main themes emerged: First, mathematicians believed that mathematical language should obey the conventions of academic language, whereas students were either unaware of these conventions or unaware that these conventions applied to proof writing. Second, students did not fully understand the nuances involved in how mathematicians introduce objects in proofs. Third, mathematicians focused on the context of the proof to decide how formal a proof should be, whereas students did not seem to be aware of the importance of this factor.
Changes in the cytokine profile and its correction in dogs with bacterial dermatitis
Authors: Verkhovtseva Anastasiya Andreevna
Published: February 2019

One of the most frequent pathologies that a veterinarian encounters in practice is dermatitis of various etiologies. According to statistics, the number of visits of patients with dermatological diseases increases every year. One of the factors provoking the susceptibility of an animal to allergens is the current environmental conditions.Treatment of skin infections and allergies in domestic animals remains a problem that needs to be addressed. It is known that an important component of the pathogenesis of allergic dermatitis accompanied by further infectious, in particular bacterial dermatitis, is the cytokine factor. The aim of the work is to study the level of the main classes of cytokines in bacterial eczema and the effect of Apoquel on the change in these indicators.
Planting orientation of Portulacaria afra cuttings for thicket restoration: vertical versus horizontal
Authors: Ragimana Mutakusi B , Potts Alastair J
Published: February 2019

Aim. The re-establishment of Portulacaria afra in the landscape-scale Subtropical Thicket Restoration Programme has exclusively used vertically-orientated truncheons (i.e. large cuttings with the main stem planted 10-20 cm into the ground). Despite the planting of millions of truncheons, the rates of survival, growth and restoration are low. This may be driven by browsing pressure and/or drought conditions during the truncheon establishment phase. Here we conduct a common garden experiment to explore the establishment of horizontal versus vertically orientated truncheons. Horizontal truncheons have their main stem buried in the soil and only a few side branches exposed above ground — these truncheons may experience reduced water stress. Here we compared the levels of water stress during the establishment phase of truncheons with different orientation.

Location. Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Methods. Our experiment involved three planting treatments for truncheons: vertical orientation, horizontal orientation, and horizontal orientation with exposed side branches clipped. Truncheons were grown for two months and plants were well-watered. On two occasions during the experiment, photosynthetic efficiency was measured on all plants to ascertain levels of plant stress. After the experiment, the root, stem and leaf dry mass were recorded for each replicate, as well as leaf moisture.

Results. The root mass proportion (of the total plant) was not significantly different among treatments. Despite this, leaf-level photosynthetic efficiency was recorded as significantly lower in vertical truncheons versus horizontal truncheons.

Main conclusions. Smaller horizontally-orientated truncheons do not grow roots at a faster rate (relative to their total size) than the larger vertically-orientated truncheons that have more leaf material to support. Nonetheless, under well-watered conditions, the larger truncheons experienced stress evidenced by lowered leaf photosynthetic efficiency values. Thus, we suggest that horizontal buried truncheons may have a higher likelihood of survival under seasonal drought-stress conditions. It remains to be tested whether horizontally-orientated truncheons (with less above-ground biomass) experience lower rates of herbivory than the standard vertical cuttings.
Compensatory growth renders Tcf7l1a dispensable for eye formation despite its requirement in eye field specification
Authors: Young Rodrigo M , Hawkins Thomas A , Cavodeassi Florencia , Stickney Heather L , Schwarz Quenten , Lawrence Lisa M , Wierzbicki Claudia , Cheng Bowie YL , Luo Jingyuan , Ambrosio Elizabeth Mayela , Klosner Allison , Sealy Ian M , Rowell Jasmine , Trivedi Chintan A , Bianco Isaac H , Allende Miguel L , Busch-Nentwich Elisabeth M , Gestri Gaia , Wilson Stephen W
Published: February 2019

The vertebrate eye originates from the eye field, a domain of cells specified by a small number of transcription factors. In this study, we show that Tcf7l1a is one such transcription factor that acts cell-autonomously to specify the eye field in zebrafish. Despite the much-reduced eye field in tcf7l1a mutants, these fish develop normal eyes revealing a striking ability of the eye to recover from a severe early phenotype. This robustness is not mediated through genetic compensation at neural plate stage; instead, the smaller optic vesicle of tcf7l1a mutants shows delayed neurogenesis and continues to grow until it achieves approximately normal size. Although the developing eye is robust to the lack of Tcf7l1a function, it is sensitised to the effects of additional mutations. In support of this, a forward genetic screen identified mutations in hesx1, cct5 and gdf6a, which give synthetically enhanced eye specification or growth phenotypes when in combination with the tcf7l1a mutation.
Scattering from a Buried PEMC Cylinder Illuminated by a Normally Incident Plane Wave Propagating in Free Space
Authors: Hamid A. , Cooray F.
Published: February 2019

A rigorous solution is presented to the problem of scattering by a perfect electromagnetic conducting (PEMC) circular cylinder buried inside a dielectric half-space that is excited by a normally incident transverse magnetic (TM) plane wave propagating in free space. The plane wave incident on the planar interface separating the two media creates fields transmitting into the dielectric half- space becoming the known primary incident fields for the buried cylinder. When the fields scattered by the cylinder, in response to those fields incident on it, are incident at the interface, they generate fields reflected into the dielectric half-space and fields transmitted into free space. These fields, and the fields scattered by the cylinder are expressed in terms of appropriate cylindrical waves consisting of unknown expansion coefficients which are to be determined. Imposing boundary conditions at the surface of the cylinder and at a point on the planar interface, enables the evaluation of the unknown coefficients. This procedure is then replicated, by considering multiple reflections and transmissions at the planar interface, and multiple scattering by the cylinder, till a preset accuracy is obtained for the reflection coefficient at the particular point on the interface. The refection coefficient at this point is then computed for cylinders of different sizes, to show how it varies with the PEMC admittance of the cylinder, its burial depth, and the permittivity of the dielectric half-space.
Noite de terror na cidade luz: os atos terroristas em Paris e a avaliação da imagem de destino por turistas brasileiros
Authors: Ferreira Marcela Lidianny do Amaral , Graciano Pollyanna Fraga , Leal Sergio Rodrigues , Costa Marconi Freitas da
Published: February 2019

O terrorismo contemporâneo pode ser considerado um dos males do século XXI e suas ações têm atingido um número cada vez maior de alvos não combatentes. Os grupos extremistas estão à procura de lugares com grande circulação de pessoas como pontos turísticos para realizar os seus ataques. Os atentados almejam alcançar um maior número de kafirs, termo para definir os incrédulos ou infiéis da doutrina islâmica, ou obter uma maior atenção da mídia. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou entender como turistas brasileiros, que estavam em Paris, percebem a interferência da noite dos atentados em 13 e 14 de novembro de 2015 na imagem turística da cidade. A investigação foi qualitativa exploratória com a triangulação dos dados: pesquisa documental, questionários abertos e depoimentos em vídeos, com o uso da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram um impacto mediano na atividade turística, porém pouco importante na imagem da cidade de Paris nos meses subsequentes aos atentados, sendo o fluxo de visitantes reestabelecido em curto prazo. A relevância primordial deste artigo foi compreender o impacto na demanda turística pós-atentados terroristas a partir da percepção dos turistas sob a imagem do destino.
Physical Quality Responses of Cocoa Beans to Inclusion and Exclusion of Placenta and Varied Fermentation Periods
Authors: Amponsah J. , Kumah P. , Tandoh P. K.
Published: February 2019

Ghana’s premium quality cocoa could be sustained by purging off foreign matter introduced somewhat by placenta mixed with extracted cocoa beans. This study thus examined the effect of placenta and varied fermentation periods on physical quality characteristics of cocoa beans. A field and laboratory studies were done at the Department of Horticulture and Pharmacy, KNUST Kumasi. Experimental design for laboratory work was 2×5 factorial of placenta inclusion or exclusion and varied fermentation days in CRD and replicated three times. Cut test revealed that cocoa beans without placenta were totally clean. Also, the longer the fermentation days with placenta the more chaff content. Longer drying time resulted in the formation of more purple beans while those beans fermented for over six days produced the highest germinated beans. It was concluded that for premium quality cocoa beans, fermentation should be done for, at least, six days without placenta since that improved the physical attributes of the cocoa beans.
Compliance with Use of Micronutrient Powder among Caregivers of Children Aged 6-23 Months in a District of a State in North East Nigeria
Authors: Adejugbagbe Adewale M. , Fatiregun Akinola A. , Isere Elvis E. , Adewale Olubunmi Oki
Published: February 2019

Aims: To assess the knowledge and perception about micronutrient powder (MNP) use, compliance with use of the product, and determine factors influencing compliance to continual use of MNP for food fortification among caregivers of children aged 6-23 months in Konduga LGA, Borno State, Nigeria.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Konduga LGA, Borno State Nigeria in August 2018.

Methodology: A total of 218 caregivers of children aged 6-23 months were selected using a multistage sampling technique. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to interview respondents on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about complementary feeding, perception about MNP use and compliance with use of MNP for food fortification. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression, with the level of significance set at 0.05.

Results: Respondents were female with 111 (50.9%) below 30 years of age (mean age: 29.3±8.0). Twenty-four (11%) of the respondents have good knowledge of complementary feeding and 77 (35.3%) have a good perception of the use of MNP. Almost two-thirds [135 (61.9%)] of the respondents used MNP. Factors that influenced respondents’ compliance with use of MNP include; being <30 years of age (P= .04), having a spouse with formal education (P= .003) and is not working (P= .013) and having good knowledge of complementary feeding (P= .01). Among these factors, having a spouse that is not working determined compliance with use of MNP (AOR=3.3, 95% CI= 1.6-7.5).

Conclusion: Although compliance with use of MNP was above average, however, there is need to improve on Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) counselling focusing on the importance of MNP particularly among the older caregivers and their spouse.
Global Existence and Blow-up of Classical Solution for an Attraction-repulsion Chemotaxis System with Logistic Source
Authors: Yan Lijun , Yang Zuodong
Published: February 2019

We consider the following quasilinear attraction-repulsion chemotaxis system of parabolic-elliptic-elliptic type with logistic source under homegeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded domain `\Omega\subset R^{n}(n\geq2)` with smooth boundary, where`D(u)\geq c_{D}(u+1)^{m-1}` with `m\geq1`and `c_{D}>0`, `f(u)\leq a-bu^{\eta}` with `\eta>1`.{ We show two cases that the system admits a uniqueglobal bounded classical solution depending on `0\leq S(u)\leq C_{s}(u+1)^{q}, 0\leq F(u)\leq C_{F}(u+1)^{g}` by Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality.For specific `D(u),S(u),F(u)` with logistic source for `\eta>1` and `n=2`, we establish the finite time blow-up conditions forsolutions that the finite time blow-up occurs at `x_{0}\in\Omega` whenever `\int_{\Omega}u_{0}(x)dx>\frac{8\pi}{\chi\alpha-\xi\gamma}`with `\chi\alpha-\xi\gamma>0`, under `\int_{\Omega}u_{0}(x)|x-x_{0}|^{2}dx` sufficiently small.
Optimum Board Size for Indonesian Public Companies
Authors: Krisnadewi Komang Ayu , Wirasedana Wayan Pradnyantha
Published: February 2019

This research aims to investigate variables affecting board size in public companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) and optimum board size which maximizes firm’s value measured by Price to Earnings Ratio (PER), Price to Book Value (PBV), and Tobin’s Q. Using 4,379 observations from 2007 to 2015 of IDX data, this research finds that liquidity, solvability, activity, and profitability affect board size significantly in quadratic form. In addition, it is suggested that the optimum board size for small companies is four directors while the size for big companies is six to seven directors.
Using the Reality Interview improves the accuracy of the Criteria‐Based Content Analysis and Reality Monitoring
Authors: Bogaard Glynis , Colwell Kevin , Crans Samantha
Published: February 2019

Active interviewing approaches can exploit the verbal differences between truthtellers and liars, thus improving detecting deception. One such method is the Reality Interview (RI) aimed to facilitate recall from truthtellers, while increasing the difficulty for liars. This study investigated whether the RI could improve the diagnostic accuracy of the Reality Monitoring and the Criteria‐Based Content Analysis. Liars and truthtellers were either asked to freely recall an event or interviewed with the RI. As hypothesized, the RI improved the discriminability of Reality Monitoring and Criteria‐Based Content Analysis over Free Recall. Honest responses were longer, and the RI increased the word count difference between honest and false statements. However, after correcting for word count, results were no longer significant, showing its importance for deception detection. Nonetheless, the RI increased verbal differences between truthtellers and liars, demonstrating that using the RI with verbal credibility assessment tools is a powerful combination for investigative interviewing.
Bottom‐Up Grown 2D InSb Nanostructures
Authors: Gazibegovic Sasa , Badawy Ghada , Buckers Thijs L. J. , Leubner Philipp , Shen Jie , de Vries Folkert K. , Koelling Sebastian , Kouwenhoven Leo P. , Verheijen Marcel A. , Bakkers Erik P. A. M.
Published: February 2019

Low‐dimensional high‐quality InSb materials are promising candidates for next‐generation quantum devices due to the high carrier mobility, low effective mass, and large g‐factor of the heavy element compound InSb. Various quantum phenomena are demonstrated in InSb 2D electron gases and nanowires. A combination of the best features of these two systems (pristine nanoscale and flexible design) is desirable to realize, e.g., the multiterminal topological Josephson device. Here, controlled growth of 2D nanostructures, nanoflakes, on an InSb platform is demonstrated. An assembly of nanoflakes with various dimensions and morphologies, thinner than the Bohr radius of InSb, are fabricated. Importantly, the growth of either nanowires or nanoflakes can be enforced experimentally by setting growth and substrate design parameters properly. Hall bar measurements on the nanostructures yield mobilities up to ≈20 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 and detect quantum Hall plateaus. This allows to see the system as a viable nanoscale 2D platform for future quantum devices.
Advances in the management of acute cholecystitis
Authors: Mou Danny , Tesfasilassie Tomas , Hirji Sameer , Ashley Stanley W.
Published: February 2019

The diagnosis and management of acute cholecystitis (AC) continues to evolve. Among the most common surgically treated conditions in the USA, appropriate diagnosis and management of AC require astute clinical judgment and operative skill. Useful diagnostic and grading systems have been developed, most notably the Tokyo guidelines, but some recent clinical validation studies have questioned their generalizability to the US population. The timing of surgical intervention is another area that requires further investigation. US surgeons traditionally pursue laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for AC patients with symptoms onset <72 hours, but for patients with symptoms over 72 hours, surgeons often elect to treat the patients with antibiotics and delay LC for 4‐6 weeks to permit the inflammation to subside. This practice has recently been called into question, as there are data suggesting that LC even for AC patients with over 72 hours of symptoms confers decreased morbidity, shorter length of stay, and reduced overall healthcare costs. Finally, the role of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) needs to be better defined. Traditional role of PC is a temporizing measure for patients who are poor surgical candidates. However, there are data suggesting that in AC patients with organ failure, PC patients suffered higher mortality and readmission rates when compared with a propensity‐matched LC cohort. Beyond diagnosis, the surgical management of AC can be remarkably challenging. All surgeons need to be familiar with best‐practice surgical techniques, adjunct intra‐operative imaging, and bail‐out options when performing LC.
How do genes that escape from X‐chromosome inactivation contribute to Turner syndrome?
Authors: Peeters Samantha B. , Korecki Andrea J. , Baldry Sarah E.L. , Yang Christine , Tosefsky Kira , Balaton Bradley P. , Simpson Elizabeth M. , Brown Carolyn J.
Published: February 2019

X‐chromosome inactivation generally results in dosage equivalence for expression of X‐linked genes between 46,XY males and 46,XX females. The 20–30% of genes that escape silencing are thus candidates for having a role in the phenotype of Turner syndrome. Understanding which genes escape from silencing, and how they avoid this chromosome‐wide inactivation is therefore an important step toward understanding Turner Syndrome. We have examined the mechanism of escape using a previously reported knock‐in of a BAC containing the human escape gene RPS4X in mouse. We now demonstrate that escape from inactivation for RPS4X is already established by embryonic Day 9.5, and that both silencing and escape are faithfully maintained across the lifespan. No overt abnormalities were observed for transgenic mice up to 1 year of age despite robust transcription of the human RPS4X gene with no detectable downregulation of the mouse homolog. However, there was no significant increase in protein levels, suggesting translational compensation in the mouse. Finally, while many of the protein‐coding genes have been assessed for their inactivation status, less is known about the X‐linked RNA genes, and we propose that for many microRNA genes their inactivation status can be predicted as they are intronic to genes for which the inactivation status is known.
Full Dissolution of the Whole Lithium Sulfide Family (Li2S8 to Li2S) in a Safe Eutectic Solvent for Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Cheng Qian , Xu Weiheng , Qin Shiyi , Das Subhabrata , Jin Tianwei , Li Aijun , Li Alex Ceng , Qie Boyu , Yao Pengcheng , Zhai Haowei , Shi Changmin , Yong Xin , Yang Yuan
Published: February 2019

The lithium–sulfur battery is an attractive option for next‐generation energy storage owing to its much higher theoretical energy density than state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries. However, the massive volume changes of the sulfur cathode and the uncontrollable deposition of Li2S2/Li2S significantly deteriorate cycling life and increase voltage polarization. To address these challenges, we develop an ϵ‐caprolactam/acetamide based eutectic‐solvent electrolyte, which can dissolve all lithium polysulfides and lithium sulfide (Li2S8–Li2S). With this new electrolyte, high specific capacity (1360 mAh g−1) and reasonable cycling stability are achieved. Moreover, in contrast to conventional ether electrolyte with a low flash point (ca. 2 °C), such low‐cost eutectic‐solvent‐based electrolyte is difficult to ignite, and thus can dramatically enhance battery safety. This research provides a new approach to improving lithium–sulfur batteries in aspects of both safety and performance.
Reaction of Nitrogen‐Radicals with Organometallics Under Ni‐Catalysis: N‐Arylations and Amino‐Functionalization Cascades
Authors: Angelini Lucrezia , Davies Jacob , Simonetti Marco , Malet Sanz Laia , Sheikh Nadeem S. , Leonori Daniele
Published: February 2019

Herein, we report a strategy for the generation of nitrogen‐radicals by ground‐state single electron transfer with organyl–NiI species. Depending on the philicity of the N‐radical, two types of processes have been developed. In the case of nucleophilic aminyl radicals direct N‐arylation with aryl organozinc, organoboron, and organosilicon reagents was achieved. In the case of electrophilic amidyl radicals, cascade processes involving intramolecular cyclization, followed by reaction with both aryl and alkyl organometallics have been developed. The N‐cyclization–alkylation cascade introduces a novel retrosynthetic disconnection for the assembly of substituted lactams and pyrrolidines with its potential demonstrated in the short total synthesis of four venom alkaloids.
Dreifach koordiniertes Bor als Superdonor und ‐akzeptor für quadrupolare Nahinfrarot‐Chromophore
Authors: Stennett Tom E. , Bissinger Philipp , Griesbeck Stefanie , Ullrich Stefan , Krummenacher Ivo , Auth Michael , Sperlich Andreas , Stolte Matthias , Radacki Krzysztof , Yao Chang‐Jiang , Würthner Frank , Steffen Andreas , Marder Todd B. , Braunschweig Holger
Published: February 2019

Zwei neue quadrupolare A‐π‐D‐π‐A‐Chromophore wurden dargestellt, die sowohl einen stark elektronendonierenden Kern als auch stark elektronenakzeptierende Dimesitylboryl‐(BMes2) bzw. Bis(2,4,6‐tris(trifluormethyl)phenyl)boryl‐Endgruppen (BFMes2) besitzen. Die Analyse der Verbindungen mittels NMR‐Spektroskopie, Röntgenstrukturanalyse, Cyclovoltammetrie und UV/Vis‐NIR‐Absorptions‐ bzw. Emissionsspektroskopie zeigte, dass sie ausgedehnte, konjugierte π‐Systeme besitzen, die das gesamte B4C8‐Rückgrat umfassen. Die Kombination aus außergewöhnlich starken π‐Donor‐(Diboren) und π‐Akzeptorgruppen (Diarylboryl), die beide auf dreifach koordinierten Boratomen basieren, führt zu sehr kleinen HOMO‐LUMO‐Abständen, was in einer starken Absorption im nahen Infrarotbereich mit Absorptionsmaxima in THF bei 840 bzw. 1092 nm und sehr hohen Extinktionskoeffizienten von ca. 120 000 m−1 cm−1 resultiert. Zudem zeigen beide Moleküle eine schwache Fluoreszenz im nahen IR‐Bereich mit kleinen Stokes‐Verschiebungen.
A new route to triphenylpyridines utilizing ketoximes as building blocks via cascade reactions under iron‐organic framework catalysis
Authors: Nguyen Vu H.H. , Doan Son H. , Van Tram T. , Pham Phuc H. , Nguyen Tran T.N. , Nguyen Ngoc N. , Tu Thach N. , Phan Nam T.S.
Published: February 2019

Iron‐based metal–organic framework VNU‐20 was utilized as a heterogeneous catalyst for cascade reactions between ketoximes and dibenzyl ether to produce 2,4,6‐triphenylpyridines. Additionally, benzyl alcohol and (dimethoxymethyl)benzene could be used as an alternative starting materials for the transformation. The oxidant exhibited a remarkable impact on the reactions, and di‐tert‐butylperoxide was the most appropriate candidate. The VNU‐20 displayed higher efficiency than many homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. The catalyst was reusable for the cascade reactions without a noticeable deterioration in catalytic activity. This transformation is new, and would offer alternative routes to triphenylpyridines utilizing ketoximes as building blocks.
Utilization of Beeswax Oleogel‐Shortening Mixtures in Gluten‐Free Bakery Products
Authors: Demirkesen Ilkem , Mert Behic
Published: February 2019

Formulating gluten‐free bakery products with acceptable physical properties generally requires a high amount of fat. As the fat used in these products is often high in saturated fatty acids, the objective of this study was to evaluate beeswax (BW) containing oleogels for partial replacement of the shortening in gluten‐free aerated products. Oleogels prepared with BW were cocrystallized with a commercial cake shortening in the laboratory scale crystallization unit. Then, the resulting blends were evaluated in the gluten‐free cake formulations. When the BW oleogel was used alone, the overrun values of the batter samples decreased, indicating reduced air‐holding ability. Product porosity and specific volume of the samples were also diminished with complete replacement of the shortening with BW oleogel. Nevertheless, 45%, 30%, and 15% replacement of the shortening with BW oleogel resulted in batter and baked product properties comparable to those of the control products. Rheological and textural measurements, microscopy, and bubble size distribution suggested that gradual replacement of shortening with oleogels may be an alternative method for a partial reduction of saturated fat without altering the physical properties of gluten‐free aerated products.
Nanoporous hollow fibers as a phantom material for the validation of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zhang Chunchen , Ding Qiuping , He Hongjian , Peng Yu , Li Chen , Mai John , Li Jing‐Song , Zhong Jianhui , Chang Ming‐Wei
Published: February 2019

Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging noninvasive imaging modality. In this study, highly aligned, uniform, nanoporous, hollow polycaprolactone fibers were successfully synthesized in a single step to mimic the axon bundle structure in human white matter. Their porous nature, morphology, and physicochemical properties were carefully studied with respect to their suitability as a phantom material for brain imaging. The aligned fibrous bundles were then arranged into specific angles (30 and 90°), scanned, and evaluated with high‐resolution MRI fiber tractography. Diffusion tensor imaging and the tractography of fibers of five different structures at three temperatures were acquired and compared. Furthermore, an integrated brain phantom created from a combination of agar gel and aligned fibrous bundles was also fabricated and analyzed. The results demonstrate the excellent ability of the fibers to mimic the axonal bundles of brain white matter. The fibrous bundles were well mixed in the common agar phantom while retaining their fibrous configuration; this demonstrated their potential as brain white matter phantoms. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47617.
Synthesis of chloromethyl benzimidazole grafted polybenzimidazole with enhanced UV absorption and its effect as a stabilizer on the ultraviolet‐aging behaviors of poly(vinyl chloride) films
Authors: Xu Shiai , Zhang Xiaodan , Yao Xu , Cai Yangben
Published: February 2019

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is particularly susceptible to UV damage, and its durability can be reduced substantially when it is exposed to outdoor environments. In this study, high‐molecular‐weight polybenzimidazole (PBI) was synthesized and then grafted with 2‐chloromethyl benzimidazole. The polybenzimidazole grafted with 2‐chloromethyl benzimidazole (PBI‐g‐CMBeIm) could absorb over 99% of UV light in the region 220–420 nm. Then, PVC–PBI‐g‐CMBeIm blend films were prepared by a solution‐casting method, and the effects of the PBI‐g‐CMBeIm content and UV‐irradiation time on the properties of these films were investigated. The results show that the benzimidazole moieties incorporated into the macromolecular chain of PBI provided additional conjugation units, and this allowed the films to have a stronger UV absorption and broader λ range. The yield strength of the PVC–PBI‐g‐CMBeIm blend films irradiated for 1000 h ranged from 16.5 to 27.7 MPa; this increased 3.2–14.4 MPa compared with that of the pure PVC. The strength retention rate of the pure PVC was 28.8%, whereas that of the PVC–PBI‐g‐CMBeIm blend films was in the range 34.1–55.2%. The addition of PBI‐g‐CMBeIm also effectively increased the thermal degradation temperature of the blend films and slowed down their thermal degradation rate. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47626.
Poly(lactic acid) green composites filled with linseed cake as an agricultural waste filler. Influence of oil content within the filler on the rheological behavior
Authors: Barczewski Mateusz , Mysiukiewicz Olga , Szulc Joanna , Kloziński Arkadiusz
Published: February 2019

The rheological behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites filled with linseed cake (LC) has been investigated in relation to the amount of the filler and the fat content in the natural waste agricultural filler. Natural waste fillers characterized with 17.4 and 28.7 wt % content of linseed oil were incorporated in different amounts (5–40 wt %) into a polymeric matrix. The main task was to investigate the plasticization effect of PLA by oil residue present in LC which was used as a low‐cost filler in highly filled biocomposites. The application of oscillatory rheological measurements and capillary rheometry allowed to get a detailed description of the changes in the composites' rheological behavior in reference to the plasticizing effect caused by the oil that migrated from the filler. The rheological properties of composites with natural filler with high oil content were evaluated also with rheological tests related to processing properties: the torque rheometry and melt flow index. It has been proven that the application of natural fillers from the food industry with high oil content allows to produce highly filled thermoplastic composites with improved processing properties due to the lubricating and plasticizing effect of the oil on the PLA matrix. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47651.
Black plaster composite fiber prepared by upward electrospinning
Authors: Xu Yulong , Li Kaili , Liu Yong , An Yan , Xing Changmin
Published: February 2019

Black plaster is a traditional Herbal medicine with a long history; it is usually used in paste form. In this study, a black plaster/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) composite fiber was prepared by a novel upward melt electrospinning method. Scanning electron microscopy results show that the black plaster composite fiber has good morphology and uniform diameter. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicate that the heating temperature in the electrospinning process does not damage the composition of the black plaster, and drug components are effectively retained in the black plaster. Drug dissolution results show that the dissolution of poorly water‐soluble Draconis Sanguis in both pure black plaster fibers and composite fibers are significantly higher than that in traditional bulk black plasters. When the PEG content in the composite fiber is 85 wt %, the drug dissolution amount of Draconis Sanguis in the black plaster composite fiber is the highest. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47662.
Friendship Club: Development and implementation of a 12‐week social skills group curriculum
Authors: Tillman Kathleen S. , Prazak Michael
Published: February 2019

Background

Friendships help children cope with stress, become more socially competent and achieve well academically. The Friendship Club (Tillman, 2012) is a small group school counselling intervention that meets weekly for 12 weeks to focus on social skills training for elementary age children.

Aims

The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the curriculum in improving the social skills and overall well‐being of the participants and examine the psychometric properties of parent, teacher and self‐report pre‐ and post‐tests.

Methodology

Thirty‐four children between the ages of six and 12 participated in Friendship Club groups at local elementary schools. Prior and after the group sequence, parents, teachers and children were given a standard pre‐test which assessed such dimensions as friendships, communication skills, interpersonal skills such as sharing, and abilities such as conflict management. Paired‐samples t tests were conducted between key items and scale averages.

Results

All four scales designed to assess implementation of social skills showed excellent levels of internal consistency. Qualitative parent‐report results include several improvements. Qualitative self‐report included a number of clear strengths‐based improvements. Quantitative results include that students reported a significant increase in their willingness to socialise with others. Additionally, the average score of children's implementation of helpful social skills as reported by their parents rose significantly.

Conclusion

After examining the quantitative and qualitative parent and child reports, this study concludes that overall the group curriculum for the Friendship Club was beneficial at facilitating the integration of social skills for children identified as struggling to maintain relationships.
Engineered Recombinant Proteins for Aqueous Ultrasonic Exfoliation and Dispersion of Biofunctionalized 2D Materials
Authors: Li Bing , Wang Tiankuo , Wang Xin , Wu Xin , Wang Chenyu , Miao Feng , Qin Meng , Wang Wei , Cao Yi
Published: February 2019

Aqueous ultrasonic exfoliation by using proteins as dispersants allows for the simultaneous production and biofunctionalization of single‐ or few‐layered 2D materials for biomedical applications. However, the production yield and quality are always a concern. Here, the production of stable, low‐defect, and biofunctionalized 2D flakes of graphene by using bifunctional chimeric polyproteins as dispersants is shown. The chimeric polyproteins contain an amphiphilic protein, hydrophobin (HFBI), to serve as the anchoring point that strongly binds to graphene layers and tandem repeats of a globular protein, GB1, to respond and transmit the ultrasonic force for efficient mechanical exfoliation. For this reason, the production yield is much higher than those obtained by using HFBI alone. Moreover, the yield, lateral size and number of layers can be fine‐tuned by the number of GB1 repeats. Other 2D materials, such as MoS2 and WS2, can also be exfoliated in the same manner, demonstrating the versatility of this approach.