bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical device-related pressure ulcers: a clear case of iatrogenic harm
Authors: Young Michele
Published: August 2018

There is growing evidence that medical device-related pressure ulcers (MDRPUs) are an increasing healthcare concern. Prevention and management is complicated, as they are caused by devices that are often an essential part of treatment. All clinical staff have a duty of care to do no harm. Damage caused by medical devices is iatrogenic, that is, caused through treatment, and may be exacerbated by a lack of assessment and care. This paper details a proposal to reduce the incidence of MDRPU in one UK healthcare trust. Drivers for change are identified, local organisational culture is explored and the potential impact of the change is outlined. Kotter's eight-step method for managing change and Prochaska's transtheoretical model are used to underpin the proposed change. These models were chosen due to their clearly structured approaches to change management and will enable flexible engagement with stakeholders. The article lists the resources required, sets out a possible action plan for creating change and suggests nurse-sensitive indicators and outcomes. MDRPUs are a significant and increasingly recognised issue that is within the power of healthcare teams to resolve. There is a need for collaborative working between health professionals, patients and their families to develop a solution.
Research roundup: August 2018
Authors: Som Rita
Published: August 2018

In brief

Review finds widely held belief regarding omega 3 fats to be largely wrong Effect of maternal nicotine replacement therapies in mothers on sudden infant death syndrome Eating the final meal of the day earlier is associated with lower risk of breast and prostate cancer
Biolubrication Synthesis Made from Used Cooking Oil and Bayah Natural Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Rochmat Agus , Nurhanifah Athia Hasna , Parviana Yunita , Suaedah Suaedah
Published: August 2018

Automotive growth in Indonesia continues to increase, thus the needed of material that supported such as lubricants have also increased. To support environment to have a sustainable development, the world needs biodegradable lubricant or biolubricant. Biolubricant can match the characteristics and replace the function of petroleum-based lubricants. The biolubricant base material at the moment was the vegetable oil through a series of physically and chemically modified. This research synthesizes used cooking oil into biolubricant using natural zeolite catalyst, which in its production included esterification process of used cooking oil, synthesis of methyl ester and biolubricant synthesis. Biolubicant synthesis was conducted by variation of methyl ester mole ratio with ethylene glycol of 1:13-40 and catalyst mass range of 0.5%-3%. The results of the study showed that the highest yield was 83.46%, density 0.8994 g/mL, viscosity 40°C 52.90 cSt and at 100°C 8.74 cSt, the pour point 6°C and the flash point 278°C.
Synthesis of ZnO/NiO Thin Film on Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) by Two Step Electrodeposition as Photoanode of a Solar Cell
Authors: Handayani Ines Ayu , Haris Abdul , Widodo Didik Setiyo
Published: August 2018

Synthesis of ZnO/NiO Thin Film on Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) by Two Step Electrodeposition has been conducted. The film was used as a photoanode of a solar cell. Synthesis was performed by two step electrodeposition with FTO as anode and carbon rod as cathode. NiO was firstly electrodeposited at 2.4 V from 0.2 M of NiCl2 solution at pH 11, 70°C, under stirring of 250 rpm after air bubbling. Second step, ZnO was electrodeposited at 2.6 V from precursor Zn(NO3) 0.2 M, pH 12, 70°C with air bubbling and stirring of 250 rpm. Product was then calcined at 450°C for 2 hours followed with XRD characterization. A solar cell was constructed by utilizing the ZnO/NiO film as photoanode related to aluminium plat as cathode. Data resulted showed that the efficiency in NiO deposition was 39.4% with mass of 8 mg and 16 µm in thin film size. Efficiency in ZnO deposition was 12.7% with mass of 14.7 mg and 11 µm in thin film size. XRD data informed that NiO and ZnO were thin filmed to FTO substrate with powder size of 30.31 nm and ZnO of 21.07 nm. Photovoltaic activity test with illuminating UV light 15 W onto the film resulted in that the average voltages of 240.93 mV and current density of 7.34 mA/cm2. Under tungsten light of 15 W illumination the system produced average voltages of 166.20 mV and current density of 5.48 mA/cm2. Finally, the solar cell was tested under 7 W-LED illumination that was calibrated to silicon solar cell equal to sun light of 1.5 AM (100 mW/cm2) resulted in efficiency of 0.027%.
Assessing the Composition of 19th Century Lime Mortars from a Mission Chapel in the Former Hacienda de San Isidro de Mariquina Philippines
Authors: Cayme Jan-Michael , L. Aurellano Renz Matthew L. , Cabral Carmen Luisa P. , Alonzo Gellyn Ann R. , Asor Aniano N. , Jr.
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the results of a chemical study on lime mortars manufactured during the Spanish Colonial Period in the Philippines. Lime mortar samples, MRK-01 and MRK-02, were obtained from the facade of a historical mission chapel in Marikina City. The nature of the aggregate and binder components in these mortar samples were determined by performing sieve analysis and classified to be poorly graded with uniform gradation. An aggregate to binder ratio of approximately 1:1 was computed based on the solubility of the individual sieved fractions in hydrochloric acid. The silicate character of the aggregate was confirmed by the absorbance peaks attributed to silicon dioxide (SiO2) in the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Natural river sand was used as aggregates in both mortar samples which is apparent from the particle shapes of the sieved fractions. There was also no evidence of sea shells, broken potteries, brick fragments and bulk unburned limestone used as aggregates in any of the mortar samples tested. The binder portion is mainly calcitic or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) based on the FTIR spectra and was shown to be removed by hydrochloric acid digestion. Titration method using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was employed to determine the amount of calcium in the acid soluble fractions. The percentage of calcium for MRK-01 ranges from about 1.0% to 9.5%, while MRK-02 ranges from about 2.3% to 16.8%, respectively. These percentages indicate that MRK-02 was manufactured with more lime binder compared to MRK-01. From this study, a simple method of understanding the composition of old lime mortars in the Philippines was established, which is useful for general heritage conservation work.
Effect of Lactose Concentration as Lactobacillus bulgaricus Substrate on Potential Cells Produced in Microbial Fuel Cell Systems
Authors: Kusuma Riska Anggri , Suyati Linda , Rahmanto Wasino Hadi
Published: August 2018

The effect of laxose concentration as Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacterial substrate on the cell potential produced in Microbial Fuel Cell System has been done. This study aims to determine the effect of lactose concentration as bacterial substrate, to generate electricity, maximum electric potential and determine the potential value of standard lactose (E ° Lactose.) Based on Nernst equation. The MFC system of two compartments and bridges of salt as a linkage is used in this study. Anode contains lactose with variation of concentration 3 - 7% and bacteria. The cathode contains a 1M KMO4. The electrodes used are graphite. MFC operational time is 14 days. The results showed that the lactose concentration had an effect on the cell potential produced in the MFC system. Maximum cell potential yielded at 4% lactose concentration, that is 710 mV then based on Nerst equation theory obtained E ° Lactose value in MFC system of + 0,236 V.
Penentuan Ukuran Utama dan Rencana Garis Fast Ferry 150 Pax Untuk Penyeberangan Rute Gresik - Bawean
Authors: Budianto B
Published: August 2018

Dari kondisi geografis Kepulauan Bawean merupakan kepulaun utama yang berada pada Kabupaten Gresik yang hanya bisa di jangkau dari pulau sekitarnya menggunakan transportasi laut. Transportasi laut memiliki peranan penting dalam distribusi sumber-sumber utama kebutuhan pokok masyarakat, hasil pertanian dan transportasi penyeberangan di Pulau Bawean. Dengan waktu operasional penyeberagan kapal yang terbatas dan kondisi kapal yang ada, memiliki kecepatan yang sedang menyebabkan tergangunya mobilitas orang dan distribusi barang hasil pertanian secara maksimal. Fast Ferry 150 Pax merupakan solusi tepat untuk transportasi laut penyeberangan rute Gresik-Bawean, yangmana memiliki kecepatan lebih cepat dibanding dengan kapal RO-RO ataupun Kapal Ferry yang ada. Untuk membangun Sebuah Fast Ferry 150 Pax diperlukan basic design yang baik, dimana salah satunya dalam perancangan ukuran utama kapal dengan kapal pembanding dan penentuan desain rencana garis. Penentuan ukuran utama kapal merupakan rencana kunci dalam perancangan kapal Fast Ferry 150 Pax dengan memperhatikan regulasi dari Klasifikasi dan standar kelaik-layakan kapal dalam beroperasional dilaut. Dimana dalam menentukan ukuran utama dan lineplan tersebut meliputi beberapa perancangan antara lain: menetukan ukuran utama kapal, menentukan desain kapal pembanding, membuat CSA dan shape control body plan. Dalam desain Fast Ferry 150 Pax, diahrapkan ketelitian yang lebih fokus dalam mencakup aspek regulasi dan keselamatan dalam kelaik-lautan kapal tersebut. Dimana didapatkan desain kapal Fast ferry 150 Pax tersebut dengan ukuran utama kapal LOA 35.00 m, lebar 5.50 m, tinggi 2.00 m, Sarat 1.08 m dan memiliki kapasitas penumpang 150 orang
Pengaruh Suhu Kempa Terhadap Kualitas Balok Laminasi Kombinasi Bambu Petung Dengan Bambu Apus Untuk Komponen Kapal
Authors: Manik Parlindungan , Jokosisworo Sarjito , Sadewo Guntur
Published: August 2018

Penggunaan kayu untuk industri terus mengalami peningkatan baik untuk pemakain structural maupun non structural. Permintaan akan kayu tersebut tidak dapat terpenuhi akibat kurangnya kualitas kayu yang baik. Disisi lain pemanfaatan bambu selama ini belum optimal walapun hasil beberapa penelitian menunjukan bahwa bamboo memiliki kekuatan dan keunggulan dibandingkan dengan material bangunan lainya. Maka dilakukan penelitian tentang laminasi bambu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai kadar air, kerapatan, kuat Tarik, MOR, modulus elastisitas dari laminasi bambu petung kombinasi bambu apus akibat pengaruh suhu kempa (80°C, 100°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C). Dalam penelitian ini dibuat balok laminasi bambu petung kombinasi bambu apus untuk uji kuat tarik mengacu pada standar  SNI 03-3399-1994  dan uji kuat lentur mengacu pada standar SNI 03- 3960- 1995. Hasil penelitian untuk untuk pengujian Tarik memiliki kadar air rata-rata 11.81 %, berat jenis terbesar 0.7294 g/cm³ untuk suhu kempa 140°C, kekuatan tarik rata-rata sebesar 97.84 Mpa untuk suhu kempa 120°C. untuk laminasi bambu untuk pengujian lentur memiliki nilai kadar air rata – rata sebesar 11.58%, berat jenis sebesar 0.7219 g/cm³ untuk suhu kempa 140°C, modulus of repture sebesar 101.59 Mpa untuk suhu kempa 140°C  , modulus elastisitas 9171 Mpa untuk suhu kempa 140°C.
Analisa Kekuatan Struktur Trimaran Dengan Glass Bottom di Perairan Karimunjawa Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga
Authors: Adinata Wahyu , Adietya Berlian Arswendo , Zakki Ahmad Fauzan
Published: August 2018

Dengan penetapan karimunjawa sebagai kawasan taman nasional pada tanggal 14 maret 2000(Kep. Menhut No.74/Kpts-II/2001), karimunjawa tumbuh menjadi tempat wisata favorit baru. Sebagai tempat wisata berbasis kelautan tentu banyak menggunaan moda transportasi laut berupa kapal sebagai alat transportasi wisatawan untuk menuju pulau tertentu maupun sebagai wahana wisata itu sendiri. Dengan beragamnya biota laut yang berada di Kariumjawa, tentu banyak wisatawan yang tertarik untuk berkunjung. Untuk menunjang daya tarik maka terdapat pilihan berupa kapal wisata glass bottom. Kapal yang diteliti merupakan kapal dengan ukuran kecil sehingga kurang adanya aturan khusus mengenai kapal tersebut yang merupakan tipe special craft yang mengatur dari segi kekuatan struktural kapal. Untuk mengetahui respon struktur digunakan pembebanan hidrostatik kapal itu sendiri pada analisa kekuatan struktur kapal. Konstruksi utama kapal menggunakan konstruksi melintang pada main hull dan demi hull. Pada bagian buritan setelah main hull menggunakan konstruksi melingkar dengan kemiringan derajat tertentu. Hasil analisa menggunakan program berbasis Metode Elemen Hingga didapatkan tegangan maksimal kapal trimaran didapat 7,31 x 105 N/m2 pada node 74711 dan deformasi sebesar 4,32 x 10-4 m pada boundary condition satu. Tegangan maksimal didapat sebesar 1,24 x 105 N/m2 terjadi pada node 80433 dan deformasi sebesar 2,14 x 10-4m pada  boundary condition dua.
Analisa Waktu Evakuasi Dengan Metode Advance Pada Kapal Perintis 1200 GT
Authors: Priohutomo Kusnindar , Yuwana Budy Rolly
Published: August 2018

Salah satu penyebab besarnya korban jiwa dalam sebuah kecelakaan kapal di jalur pelayaran adalah dikarenakan kurangnya informasi mengenai jalur atau rute evakuasi yang harus dilalui penumpang bila terjadi kecelakaan. Oleh sebab itu kajian mengenai jalur evakuasi utama didalam sebuah kapal saat terjadinya kecelakaan perlu dilakukan dengan cermat. Terutama untuk kapal yang mengangkut banyak penumpang seperti kapal perintis. Pada paper ini akan dibahas mengenai kajian waktu evakuasi penumpang di kapal dengan metode advance berdasarkan ketetapan dari IMO. Untuk proses simulasi menggunakan software Pathfinder 2015. Dari hasil simulasi yang dilakukan waktu embarkasi penumpang adalah 348.03 detik, sedangkan total waktu evakuasi penumpang adalah 2010.03 detik atau sekitar 33.5 menit
Pengaruh Susunan dan Ukuran Bilah Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper) Dan Bambu Apus (Gigantochloa apus) Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik, Kekuatan Tekan Dan Kekuatan Lentur Untuk Komponen Konstruksi Kapal
Authors: Manik Parlindungan , Yudo Hartono , Siahaan Fredits A
Published: August 2018

Bambu laminasi merupakan bahan bangunan rekayasa yang dibentuk dengan sistem perekatan beberapa bilah bambu sehingga memiliki kelebihan dapat dibuat dalam berbagai ukuran dan sifat mekanika yang lebih uniform dari bahan bambu alami. Teknik laminasi dari bahan bambu menjadi solusi untuk mengembangkan sebuah produk kayu yang memiliki struktur dan sifat mekanik lebih kuat dan awet. Prosedur pembuatan dan pengujian spesimen kayu laminasi bambu petung dan bambu apus mengacu pada SNI-03-3958-1995, SNI-03-3399-1994 dan SNI 03-3959-1995. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai kuat tarik, kuat tekan dan kuat lentur dari dua jenis variasi susunan bilah horizontal dan bata/carvel dengan tebal bilah 3 mm, 5 mm dan 7 mm. Hasil penelitian pada laminasi bambu petung dan bambu apus diperoleh kadar air 12-13 % dan berat jenis 0,60-0,65 gr/cm3 memiliki kuat tarik terbesar 96,72 Mpa (kode PA7H), kuat lentur 101,69 MPa (kode PA7B) dan kuat tekan 22,11 MPa (kode PA7B). Variasi susunan bata dan tebal bilah semakin besar mempengaruhi kekuatan tekan dan lentur. Namun sebaliknya untuk kuat tarik, susunan horizontal lebih baik dari susunan bata. Nilai tersebut memenuhi persyaratan kayu lapis sebagai bahan material kapal kayu menurut BKI dan termasuk dalam kelas kuat II sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai material konstruksi kapal.
Ein althochdeutscher ›Spruch vom Weltanfang‹
Authors: Gold Julia , Herweg Mathias , Meyer-Almes Lisa Sophie , Schanze Christoph
Published: August 2018

Rather than presenting the so-called ›Wessobrunner Gebet‹ under its manuscript ›title‹ De poeta, today’s critics usually refer to the text as ›Wessobrunner Gebet‹ or ›Wessobrunner Schöpfungsgedicht‹. Both titles are misleading. However, regardless of its reception history, it is worthwhile analyzing the text in light of the form and genre traditions implicated by its modern titles. This essay offers a new perspective on the poetic, generic, and conceptual location of the ›Wessobrunner Gebet‹ in Old High German literary history.
Failure rate prediction of equipment: can Weibull distribution be applied to automated hematology analyzers?
Authors: Verma Alekh , Narula Aastha , Katyal Akshi , Yadav Shakti Kumar , Anand Priyanka , Jahan Aarzoo , Pruthi Sonam Kumar , Sarin Namrata , Gupta Ruchika , Singh Sompal
Published: August 2018

Background

Life cycle prediction measures, that provide information on the probability of failure of equipments, have been applied in electronic and mechanical engineering and for predicting the strength of dental implants. However, the same has not been utilized as yet in medical equipment such as hematology analyzers.

Methods

Failure data of five automated hematology analyzers (3-part differential) was collected over 14 consecutive months and a Weibull probability plot was made. The scale and shape parameters of this plot were used to predict failure probability distribution. This was then combined with various costs involved in remedial maintenance to get a cost analysis.

Results

The analyzers in their “useful life” period were found to suffer fewer actual and predicted failures compared to those in the “wear out” phase. Cost analysis showed a considerably higher per month cost of remedial maintenance of analyzers compared to the price of a comprehensive maintenance contract.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates, for the first time, that Weibull distribution can be applied well to hematology analyzers for modeling of failure data and the resultant information is helpful in the cost analysis of maintenance to allow for prudent and informed decision making with regards to the mode of maintenance of analyzers.
The attractiveness of FX housing loans for housholds in view of supervisory actions in selected EU countries
Authors: Świerczyńska Marta , Węglińska Mariola
Published: August 2018

The article relates to the attractiveness of FX housing loans for households which led to over increase in EU countries. Results of comparative analysis conducted for Poland, Austria, Romania and Hungary indicates that actions taken by the supervisory bodies dedicated to demand indicators influence credit increase limitation in different ways. Non-standard actions taken seem to be most effective. Nevertheless, looking at the Hungarian caseit brings high costs to the economy.
The role of loan and guarantee funds in filling the funding gap for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Authors: Waniak-Michalak Halina
Published: August 2018

Research background. The analysis of the funding gap for SMEs and loan and guarantee funds’ capability to fill this gap has been undertaken to assess the instruments used in Poland which are focused on the development of entrepreneurship.

Methodology/methods. The funding gap for small and medium-sized enterprises is measured with the method of unfulfilled demand for funding and unawarded funding. The size of the gap is compared to the potential amount of the guarantees and loans granted by non-bank organisations in Poland dependent on the amount of capital held.

Purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to answer the research question of whether guarantee and loan funds in Poland play a significant role in filling the funding gap for small and medium-sized enterprises

Findings & Value added Guarantee and loan funds are not able to fill the equity gap of SMEs in Poland due to low capital resources compared with needs, and an insufficient number of institutions offering non-bank funding. Also, the high risk attributed to loans granted to small and medium-sized entrepreneurs influences the low degree of utilisation of the capital already held, both by loan and guarantee funds. The unutilised capital is deposited in bank accounts and does not lead to the increase of the multiplier effect. The analysis concerns the specificity of the support system for SMEs in Poland and cannot be generalised to systems in other countries. However, the conclusions from the conducted analysis and the methodology of calculation of the equity gap may serve other researchers as a basis for creating their own theses and research hypotheses.
Mandatory pension funds in Chile: decline of the arrangement?
Authors: Ząbkowicz Anna
Published: August 2018

Chile has been both a pioneer and the most radical follower of the idea of converting pension savings into contributions to privately-managed capital funds. Two recent portions of reforms under President Bachelet extended the social safety net as well as re-introduced publicly-administered programs on behalf of retirees.

Does such direction, in the country with the longest lasting evidence of privatized fully-funded pensions mean a fall of the arrangement? The article attempts a political-economic argumentation in aim to form the answer.

The premise is that risk sharing constitutes a crucial issue in insurance industry where old-age security is largely placed. In social security segment the risk of default on liabilities is backed by taxing capacity of the state; in fully-funded-pensions plans normally this is individual contributor who faces the portfolio risk. Therefore change in risk sharing between the contributors to the funds, pension management companies and the state is fundamental for evaluation of the reforms. The review of Chilean reforms reveals an institutional arrangement which is fundamental to risk sharing, namely the relation between contribution and benefit, left intact. This finding supports the conclusion that bringing recently the state back into retirement system can not be conceived as any systemic revolution.
The Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship Intention
Authors: Herdjiono Irine , Puspa Yeni Hastin , Maulany Gerzon , Aldy Benedictus Elnath
Published: August 2018

This research examined the effects of family environment, self concept, motivation and risk taking propensity on entrepreneurship intention in Merauke, the border area of Indonesia. Conducted by collecting data from 382 college student through questionnaire. This study applied linear regression analysis. The results showed family environment, self concept, motivation and risk taking propensity significantly affected entrepreneurship intention. The study implies that individual factor such as self-concept, motivation, and risk taking propensity together with social factor, family environment affect entrepreneurial intention.
An Investigation of Entrepreneurial Intention Among Entrepreneurship Students in South-West Nigeria Polytechnics
Authors: Bako Y.A. , Ajibode I.A. , Oluseye A.B. , Aladelusi K. B.
Published: August 2018

This study was undertaken to explore the entrepreneurial intention of Polytechnic Students in Nigeria with case study of the Federal Polytechnic Ilaro. The population for the study was all students from various department undergoing entrepreneurship education/training in the polytechnics in south-west Nigeria. The sample size for the study is 3000 respondents. The respondent were selected by using simple random sampling. Logistic regression model was used for the hypothesis tested. The two environmental factors examined were Family environment and Nigeria environment. The impact/significant of these factors were examined to know how they can impact on students entrepreneurship intention. The study revealed that parental entrepreneurship skill directly influence students’ entrepreneurial intention and that opportunities that exist in Nigeria affect students’ entrepreneurial intention. Hence, the researcher suggest that schools should involve the services of psychologist and motivational speakers in Nigeria entrepreneurship curriculum in order to work on the students’ reasoning mentality about entrepreneurship.
Supply Chain Management and Operational Performance in Nigeria: A Panel Regression Model Approach
Authors: Shobayo P. B.
Published: August 2018

The research examined the effect of supply chain management on firm’s operational performance in Nigeria manufacturing companies with specific interest on supply chain strategy and supply chain flexibility. A random effect model was developed to examine whether there is a significant effect on the variables identified, and the level of significance that exist in the variables. This study adopts an ex post-facto type of descriptive research design using Secondary sources to generate the data. The data were gathered from the annual report of manufacturing companies between 2011 and 2016. Findings revealed that supply chain management does not have a significant overall effect on operational performance at Prob value =0.343 which is above the sig. level of <.005, and the magnitude of variation which supply chain management cause on operational performance is 7.6% for all the companies samples which is significantly low. Hence, it is recommended that the management of a company’s supply chain do not necessarily affect their operations; thus organizations can adopt a combination of strategies and flexibilities in their level of operation.
A Proof of Principle Study of the Terminal Sterilization of Prefilled Syringes Using A Water Cascade Process
Authors: Drost-Wijnne Anne J.A. , Van Wezel Ralph A.C. , Deenen Maarten J. , Van Doornmalen Gomez Hoyos Joost P.C.M. , Grouls René J.E.
Published: August 2018

Background

A new development in drug compounding is the production of ready-to-administer sterilized prefilled syringes. A challenge with these syringes is the method of terminal sterilization. There is no information available whether water cascade sterilization is a suitable method. We investigated the effect of this sterilization method on cyclic olefin (co)polymer (CCP/COC) syringes.

Methods

For two brands ten prefilled syringes were sterilized using water cascade sterilization. The closure integrity, stopper movement, weight, diameter and physical appearance were determined before and after sterilization. As sterility test, additional syringes were filled with tryptic soy broth (TSB) and sterilized. After fourteen days microbiological growth was determined.

Results

Closure integrity testing showed no dye penetration inside the syringe. Together with the results for weight this showed that closure integrity is guaranteed. No significant stopper movement, deviation in diameter or visual anomalies were observed. No microbiological growth in TSB was visible.

Conclusions

The results of this proof of principle study show that the physical and microbiological stability of the cyclic olefin (co)polymer syringes is guaranteed during sterilization using a water cascade sterilizer. These results do not rule out the necessity for further stability experiments (e. g. interaction with drug product) to further proof the concept.
Analysis on the impact response of fiber-reinforced composite laminates: an emphasis on the FEM simulation
Authors: He Jian , He Liang , Yang Bin
Published: August 2018

The effects of units, material parameters, and constitutive relationships on the dynamic mechanical response of composite laminates subjected to high- and low-velocity impacts were investigated. Additionally, the role of impact or shape, including hemispherical, flat, and conical, on the damage area of the adhesive layer and displacement of the center of the laminated plates was investigated. The results show that the energy absorption of composite laminates increases with impact velocity, and specific energy absorption changes with the density of the contact surface, which is affected by ply thickness. Moreover, the target energy absorption decreases with increasing layer angle. Under a low-velocity impact, the maximum contact force, damage area of the adhesive layer, and displacement of the center of the laminated plate increase as the impact energy increases, thus showing that impact energy is not directly related to contact duration and energy absorption of composite laminates. The results of different geometric shapes show that the damage area of the adhesive layer and the displacement of the center of the laminated plates are largest for a conical impactor and smallest for a flat impactor.
Positive Wirtschaftsanalyse oder normativer Wirtschaftsentwurf?
Authors: Kremser Christian E. W.
Published: August 2018

Many people consider Adam Smith the first economist to describe the functioning of capitalism. In fact, Smith must be considered less the discoverer of capitalism, but rather as its inventor. The economic laws Smith formulated are institutionally bound to the commercial society, to use the corresponding phrase of Smith, which at that time – at least in its liberal version – has not yet be materialized. In this sense, it represents a utopia of economic policy that still had to be realized. Smith’s comments on commercial society should therefore be understood less as a positive economic analysis than as a normative economic draft.
Tragfähiger sozialer Arbeitsmarkt – Solidarisches Grundeinkommen für alle oder Teilhabeförderung für wenige?
Authors: Bonin Holger
Published: August 2018

Abtract

The comment assesses two opposed approaches to design a social labor market for better social inclusion of the unemployed currently under debate in Germany. One approach is the so-called solidary basic income which would offer a choice to take up public employment to all unemployed on social welfare. We argue that the proposal raises serious concerns on both equity and efficiency grounds. In particular, it may lead capable unemployed into dead ends and generate economic losses, as it shifts reservation wages concerning private sector jobs upwards by a wide margin. The other approach is permanent subsidized employment for unemployed welfare recipients with no chance to regain regular jobs. We argue that this might be an efficient approach to foster social inclusion, provided that access to the targeted social labor market is strictly controlled, that subsidized employed is primarily organized within the private sector, and that subsidized employment is accompanied by social casework.
Kybele in Griechenland. Ankunft und Aufnahme der Göttermutter in der griechischen Welt
Authors: Kofler Sabine Viktoria
Published: August 2018

Cybele in Greece. The Arrival and Reception of the Mother of the Gods in the ancient Greek world.The following seminar-paper aims to show the arrival and reception of the phrygian Mother Goddess Matar in the greek world. It will first take a closer look at the early known sources, be it written or archaeological, of the Goddess Kybele. This article will further present, on the basis of these sources, the way the Mother of the Gods took from ancient Phrygia across Anatolia toAthens. Through her journey into the greek world Kybele had gone through an essential transformation to be accepted and worshipped as one of the primary Mother Goddess` of the ancient world.
Kavalierstour: Kulturkontakte und Fremdheitserfahrungen
Authors: Winkler-Ebner David
Published: August 2018

The following seminar-paper is about the Grand Tour of European nobleman in the early modern period. It will examine, which cultural aspects were primarily perceived by the travelers and which evidences of feelings of “strangeness” or “otherness” appear in their travel reports. As will be shown, the travelers paid a lot of attention to architecture and historiography, but there is hardly any evidence of feelings of otherness regarding these topics, whereas language, clothing and cuisine are hardly ever mentioned but if they are, it always happens in a context, in which the travelers experienced alterity.
Oligarchie der Geistlichkeit. Funktionsweisen und Grenzen des Klientelismus im Kirchenstaat der Frühen Neuzeit.
Authors: Wachter Annina
Published: August 2018

Abstract: An Oligarchy of the Clergy The following seminar paper is about clientelism and networking in the Papal States of the Early Modern Age. It will examine the functions and limits of interconnectedness between the dignitaries of the Curia and especially the role of the cardinal nepot. It will be shown that clientelism was a central tool of the early modern micropolitics of the church state.
Kaiser Franz Joseph – eine Institution. Der kaiserliche Geburtstag im Spiegel der CAZ und der NFP in den Jahren 1903–1914.
Authors: Hofer Ricarda
Published: August 2018

The following introductory seminar paper fans out the perception of Emperor Francis Joseph I. and his reign in two regions of the Cisleithanian part of the k.u.k. Monarchy at the dawn of the 20th century. In this closing epoch of the Empire, the perceptions of the relationship between the Emperor and his various german-speaking peoples can be reflected exemplarily by articles published in occasion of the emperor’s birthday on August 18th; the Czernowitzer Allgemeine Zeitung and the Neue Freie Presse reveal an interesting insight to the contemporary reception of the dying Monarchy and this emperor, who seemed to stiffen in his function in order to protect the declining glow of his family’s heritage – an attitude which was laid out in heroizing as well as critical views, as this paper will show hereafter.
Die Behandlung des Holocaust im Nürnberger Prozess gegen die Hauptkriegsverbrecher und die Wahrnehmung in der deutschen Nachkriegsöffentlichkeit
Authors: Riedl Dietmar
Published: August 2018

The following pro-seminar paper deals with the treatment of the Holocaust in the Nuremberg trial against the main war criminals of the national-socialist regime, its value in the framework of the trial and its influence on the judgement as well as its perception and legal overcoming in postwar Germany
Moscheen in Deutschland und Österreich. Grundrecht oder Provokation?
Authors: Hechenblaikner Nina
Published: August 2018

This bachelor thesis presents the similar dynamics regarding the conflicts encircling mosques in Germany and Austria. As the political and societal conditions are too much alike in both countries to divide the conflicts nationally, their main differences have been either of a regional nature or rooted in specific developments of a community. The binding element of both German and Austrian conflicts regarding mosques has been the media’s strong influence, which has, through virulent reporting been the cause of many conflicts in the first place.
The Emergence of the Field of African American Museums
Authors: Hayward Jeff , Larouche Christine
Published: August 2018

This article offers an overview of the field of African American museums, describing the growth and variety of museums created, basic operational characteristics, their service to their communities, and perceived challenges in the present and future. The data were obtained through two national surveys, each of which had a focused purpose to serve the Association of African American Museums (AAAM), and were funded by the Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS). Data from those surveys describe the outlines of the field of African American museums, many of which are small and undercapitalized, but driven by vital missions and a passionate commitment to their communities.
Lifting the Veil
Authors: Chandler Dana R.
Published: August 2018

Tuskegee University’s rich archival collections have remained hidden to the public for many years. To alleviate the problem, the University Archives focused on a multilevel process of digitization and public outreach. This paper focuses on Tuskegee’s endeavors to digitize its large collection of photographic images, negatives, and audio media. The process of learning about proper equipment and techniques has propelled the archives into one of the top digitizing archives among HBCUs, receiving over 850,000 hits (45 percent from abroad) in seven years.
Right from the Start
Authors: Coyle Laura
Published: August 2018

Before opening, the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture established a program to create digital collection records and surrogates, which play a critical role in collection care, collection accessibility, and enhancing the meaning of collections. The program is off to a good start because it supports the museum’s mission, the museum has established a dedicated “Digi Team,” the program has leadership buy-in and financial support, and other Smithsonian units have been generous with time and expertise. Also explored in this article are digitization program activities and results, the impact of digitization, and plans for the future.
Transitions In Time
Authors: Moore Juanita
Published: August 2018

Leadership, succession, and governance in African American museums have often been affected by the deep relationship between these museums and their communities, their relative lack of financial resources, and relationships between the founder, CEOs/directors, and their boards. Unlike traditional museums, which were often founded by patrons of the arts, early African American museums were birthed by strong community leaders with a commitment to African American history and culture but usually without personal wealth. They needed and utilized community in every area of the museum’s mission and operations to fight for their very existence, which continued to shape the leadership and growth of these museums for years. Today, African American museums combine the community-driven legacy of the past with new opportunities to create sustainable leadership and governance.
Mürteza Bedir, Ebû Hanîfe Entelektüel Biyografi, İstanbul: Ay Yayınları, 2018, 191 sayfa.
Authors: KAMER Hamit
Published: August 2018

Mezheplerin teşekkül sürecinde zamanın değişmesiyle hükümlerin de değişeceği gerçeğini dikkate alan fıkıhçılar, nasların ışığında kendi görüşlerini dile getirmekten kaçınmamışlardır. İslâm dininin devamlılığının buna bağlı olduğunu düşünen fakihlerden biri de Ebû Hanîfe’dir. Rey ekolünün kurucusu olarak bilinen Ebû Hanîfe’nin entelektüel birikimi yakın talebeleri eliyle sistemleştirilmiş ve daha sonraları Hanefîlik adıyla günümüz İslâm dünyasının dört büyük Sünnî mezhebinden biri halini almıştır. Mürteza Bedir’in burada tanıtılacak çalışması Ebû Hanîfe hakkındaki klasik ve çağdaş literatüre eklemlenen çağdaş ve iddialı bir eser olarak öne çıkmakta ve bir biyografiyi aşan yönleriyle dikkat çekmektedir.
Are Stock Prices a Random Walk? An Empirical Evidence of Asian Stock Markets
Authors: Rehman Seema , Chhapra Imran Umer , Kashif Muhammmad , Rehan Raja
Published: August 2018

Investigating if the market is efficient is an old issue as market efficiency is imperative for channeling investments to best-valued projects and its importance endures. There is contradictory evidence in the literature provided by empirical researches. The primary purpose of this research has been to find out whether share prices are a random walk process by applying multiple unit root tests, Runs Test and newly developed State Space Model. The empirical findings of the study provide sufficient evidence that the stock prices of KSE 100 Index, S & P BSE 500 Index, and CSE All Share Index is not a random walk process and are thus weak form inefficient hypothesis. In this study, the concept of the random walk is examined considering only the stock markets while bypassing the other asset markets. This research supply exciting facts about independent samples from Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh and complement the existing literature on emerging markets.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v17i2.7102
Competitiveness and Factors Affecting Indonesian Food Industry’s Export to Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
Authors: Wardani Mia Ayu , Mulatsih Sri , Rindayati Wiwiek
Published: August 2018

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is regional cooperation between ASEAN, Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand. The vast potential of the RCEP provides an opportunity for the improvement of the Indonesian economy. This study aims to analyze the comparative advantages and dynamics export of Indonesia’s food industry as well as the factors affecting exports. The methods used Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), and panel data. The results indicate that food industry generally has strong competitiveness in the RCEP market except in Australia, Cambodia, Japan, Korea and Laos. Meanwhile, the dynamics position of food industry exports is rising star in ten countries, and the rest are in the position of falling star and retreat. Factors that influence food exports are economic distance, real GDP per capita of the destination country, the population of the destination country, price export, trade openness and tariff.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v17i2.7239
Foreign Banks’ Presence and Domestic Bank Performance: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Mardiya Aina , Trinugroho Irwan
Published: August 2018

We examine the impact of foreign presence on domestic banks’ performance by studying conventional commercial banks in Indonesia. We use monthly financial information of 97 commercial banks from 2003 through 2013 resulting in 8,600 observations. We use a panel data regression (Panel Least Square method) to test our hypotheses. Our results show that overall, foreign presence decreases the performance of domestic banks. Going deeper, we find that foreign presence reduces state-owned banks’ profitability as well as private domestic banks’ profitability. However, there is no significant effect of foreign presence on the performance of regional development banks. Little evidence found on the effect of foreign presence on overhead cost.DOI:10.15408/etk.v17i2.7769
Identificación, análisis y evaluación de riesgos asociados a la actividad minera de oro en el Municipio de Marmato, Caldas
Authors: Motta Pascuas Andrea Jimena , Ustariz-Durán Mario Alfonso , Ordoñez-Carmona Oswaldo
Published: August 2018

En el municipio de Marmato, una región cuya tradición minera de oro ha estado presente por más de 450 años, la falta de planificación y presencia del estado ha ocasionado una crisis minero-ambiental que va desde la explotación descontrolada y caótica de las Unidades Productivas Mineras (UPM) en todo el municipio, hasta la superposición de títulos y la vulnerabilidad de algunas zonas, ocasionada por la la disposición inadecuada de material estéril a lo largo y ancho de sus laderas. Consecuencia de tal panorama, surge la investigación realizada en el Distrito Minero de Marmato (DMM) con el fin de identificar, analizar y evaluar los riesgos asociados a la actividad minera aurífera en las 240 UPM localizadas en este municipio, tomando como referencia la metodología descrita en el Manual de evaluación de riesgos de las faenas mineras abandonadas o paralizadas (FMA/P), en la cual se presentan los cálculos y estandarización de parámetros como la Severidad de las Consecuencias (SC) relacionado al daño que puede generar la generación de un riesgo sobre un receptor bien sea personas o medio ambiente, así como también el cálculo del parámetro de Índice de Probabilidad (IP) el cual es obtenido a través de una combinación matricial de dos variables, una de las cuales tiene que ver con el tiempo en el cual dicho receptor se encuentra propenso a este riesgo, adicional al cálculo de estas variables es necesario alinear o delimitar cada uno de los escenarios por lo que se definen los escenarios de riesgos por seguridad (ERS) y por contaminación (ERC) para establecer una priorización de los mismos en el distrito minero, obteniendo como gran conclusión que la generación de movimiento en masa o avalanchas en la parte alta del DMM es eminente y una solución a ello es la generación de proyectos de infraestructura donde se pueda generar una utilidad al material estéril de las UPM.
Tecnologías emergentes para disposición de relaves: oportunidades en Colombia
Authors: Beltrán-Rodríguez Lorena N. , Larrahondo Joan M. , Cobos Diego
Published: August 2018

Aunque Colombia es un país de amplia tradición minera, las experiencias y reglamentación sobre grandes estructuras de disposición de residuos mineros son escasas. Este artículo describe las prácticas actuales de manejo de residuos mineros en Colombia, particularmente relaves, al igual que las oportunidades y limitaciones para la adopción de tecnologías modernas. Para este manuscrito, se revisaron las prácticas mundiales tradicionales y los aspectos técnico-normativos en Colombia. Adicionalmente, se estudió bibliografía reciente sobre tecnologías emergentes para manejo de relaves, particularmente espesamiento, filtrado, retrollenado, realce y disposición submarina. Finalmente, se analizó la situación normativa y tecnológica en Colombia de cara a la posible adopción de tecnologías modernas. Se concluye que las tecnologías emergentes minimizan el gran pasivo que dejan las estructuras convencionales, aunque actualmente la disposición submarina debe evitarse. En cualquier caso, el país requiere prontamente desarrollar capital humano con competencias para abordar el manejo moderno y masivo de residuos mineros.
On-Premise Signs and the North American Suburban Enclosed Shopping Mall
Authors: Berger Craig
Published: August 2018

The first fully enclosed modern suburban shopping mall, Southdale Center, opened in 1956 and immediately established a standard for how retailers and signs were to operate within their confines. Enclosed Malls were one of the first unique building types designed for suburban automotive environments and have been a key retail economic driver in the United States for seventy years. The mall also reflected economic changes in the country and the increasing separation of income classes. Malls established a variety of sign innovations over the years, from developing strict sign guidelines, to creating formal zones with shared modular systems. This report will explore the sign advances that marked each of the five stages of mall evolution impacted design and development. The report will also show how precedents established early in the history of mall development as a center for a broad range of incomes changed as malls began to segment by class.
Plant growth, yield and fruit quality of Clementine mandarin selections under subtropical climate in Brazil
Authors: Silva Simone Rodrigues da , Girardi Eduardo Augusto , Santos Magno Guimarães , Cantuarias-Avilés Tatiana Eugenia , Stuchi Eduardo Sanches
Published: August 2018

Abstract In Brazil, few mandarin (Citrus reticulata, Blanco) cultivars are being currently exploited, limiting the availability of fresh fruit in the local market. This study was aimed to investigate the performance of 15 Clementine mandarin selections and 3 hybrids, seeking for alternative varieties for production under subtropical conditions. Fifteen Clementine selections, namely: ‘Oroval-SRA335’, ‘Tomatera-SRA535’, ‘Reina-SRA534’, ‘Bruno-SRA531’, ‘Nules-SRA389’, ‘Ragheb-SRA386’, ‘Oroval-Y45’, ‘2-Kr-Monreal’, ‘Commune-SRA88’, ‘Commune-SRA85’, ‘Caffin-SRA385’, ‘De Nules-VCR’, ‘Commune-SRA92’, ‘Clemenules-EECB128’ and ‘Marisol-EECB126’; three hybrids (‘Clemelin-IVIA335’, ‘Caçula-1’ and ‘Caçula-3’) and the standard commercial varieties ‘Ponkan’ and ‘Cravo’, grafted on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo [C. paradisi Mafad. cv. ‘Duncan’ x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], were evaluated in Bebedouro, São Paulo State, Brazil, from 2004 to 2008. The experimental plot was planted in 2001 with the 20 genotypes disposed in a randomized block design, with three replications and two plants per plot. The ‘Cravo’ variety and the ‘Clemelin-IVIA335’ hybrid presented the smallest plant size. The selections ‘Cravo’, ‘Caffin-SRA385’, ‘Clemelin-IVIA335’, ‘Marisol-EECB126’ and ‘Ragheb-SRA386’ had the smallest cumulative yield. Fruits of ‘Caçula-1’ had the highest soluble solids content and those of ‘Caçula-3’ showed the highest juice content. Among the Clementine selections, ‘Bruno-SRA531’, ‘Clemenules-EECB128’, ‘De Nules-VCR’ and ‘Reina-SRA534’ reached earlier maturity. In terms of yield efficiency, ‘Ponkan’ trees performed similarly or outperformed the other selections, with larger fruits and earlier ripening. The ‘Reina-SRA534’ selection outstood due to its high fruit yield and quality, with medium fruit size and early bearing, while ‘De Nules VCR’ and ‘Tomatera-SRA535’ had high yield, low alternate-bearing and fine fruit quality, despite of their large plant size. Good performance of Clementine selections and hybrids encourages further studies on cultural practices for growing this group of mandarins under subtropical climatic conditions.