bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Your ns are numbered! On linking morphemes in Dutch
Authors: Fenger Paula , Harðarson Gísli Rúnar
Published: March 2018

The expression of number (#) within the noun phrase has been argued tovary between a high (num) and a low position, which Kramer (2014) associates with n, providing the root with a syntactic category. We argue that Linking Morphemes (L) in Dutch provide new evidence for such a split, and moreover, for a low expression of # in a language that is normally considered to have high #. By taking L to instantiate n, the presence or absence of L can be taken as a diagnostic of the size of non-head elements. Combined with recent work on Germanic compounds (Harðarson2016, De Belder 2017) this makes a prediction about the order of modifiers in Dutch compounds, which we show is borne out
Morphosyntactic form of Korean fragments is relevant to their resolution
Authors: Nykiel Joanna , Kim Jong-Bok , Sim Rok , Kim Okgi
Published: March 2018

We offer evidence for a structural identity constraint between a fragment and the structurally parallel position in the antecedent (which we term correspondent here). We ask if there is a preference for morphosyntactic match (generally in terms of syntactic category, but in terms of case marking in the Korean data discussed here) between a fragment and its correspondent. This question follows from the idea that in order to interpret fragments, the parser directly accesses content-addressable representations stored in memory, using as retrieval cues the linguistic information that fragments provide. We explore this preference using experimental data from Korean. In three acceptability judgment experiments, we demonstrate that (1) morphosyntactic match between fragments and correspondents is favored over mismatch, (2) the acceptability of mismatch is directional, favoring fragments that are morphosyntactically less complex than correspondents over the reverse, and (3) caseless fragments are degraded when paired with implicit correspondents compared to explicit ones.
Against non-reference-tracking theories of switch-reference
Authors: Clem Emily
Published: March 2018

Recent accounts of switch-reference have suggested that direct reference tracking is not involved. Instead, these accounts have sought to derive patterns of switch-reference from other independently attested phenomena such as control and coordination. What these diverse theories have in common is the prediction that same subject constructions should contain only one instance of a subject DP. I present evidence from Amahuaca showing that overt DP subjects can appear in both clauses in same subject constructions, contra the predictions of these non-reference-tracking theories. However, there is also evidence that Amahuaca same subject marked clauses are structurally smaller than different subject marked clauses. This size asymmetry is predicted by non-reference-tracking accounts but not by traditional direct reference-tracking theories. Thus while the Amahuaca data provide evidence against non-reference-tracking theories of switch-reference, they suggest that direct reference-tracking accounts must also be modified in order to account for the full range of data.
The influence of dialect in sound symbolic size perception
Authors: Shibata Andrew
Published: March 2018

Prior research on sound symbolism and referent object size establishes that words with front vowels are perceived to refer to smaller objects than do back vowels (Ohala 1997; Klink 2000). Some dialects of American English exhibit vowel movement along the front-back axis which may influence perceived object size. This study focuses on California English /u/-fronting (Hinton et al. 1987) and predicts that shifting from a standardly back vowel [u] to a more front vowel [ʉ] is paired with a shift from a large perceived object size to a smaller perceived object size. This paper describes two experiments in which participants either silently read (reading task) or listened (listening task) to stimulus words and rated perceived object size. California English speakers in the reading task experiment perceived words with /u/ to be smaller than did non-California English speakers. This result suggests that sound symbolic perception is sensitive to fine phonetic variability due to a person’s dialect.
The structural nature of non-structural case: On passivization and case in Lithuanian
Authors: Sigurðsson Einar Freyr , Sereikaite Milena , Pitteroff Marcel
Published: March 2018

Dative case on indirect objects (IO) in Lithuanian is preserved under passivization, which is not the case with dative direct objects (DO) of monotransitive verbs, suggesting that the two datives are not alike. Although DAT-to-NOM conversion is taken as an indicator of structural case, we show that DO datives behave differently from DOs bearing structural accusative in that the former exhibit inherent case properties as well (see also Anderson 2015). We develop an account for the contrast between the two datives by using two types of derivational mechanisms: structure-building features, triggering Merge, and probe features, triggering Agree (Heck & Müller 2007; Müller 2010). This study demonstrates that structural vs. non-structural conversion can be dependent on not only how case is assigned but also on the Voice system of a language (in line with Alexiadou et al. 2014). We argue that the DO dative in Lithuanian is in fact non-structural. Even though the result of DAT-to-NOM conversion is structural nominative case, the derivation is different from that of structural ACC-to-NOM conversion.
Manner-of-speaking that-complements as close apposition structures
Authors: De Cuba Carlos
Published: March 2018

An elusive property of that-clauses following manner-of-speaking verbs is that they do not behave like that-clauses following other non-factive verbs when it comes to the availability of wh-extraction, main clause phenomena and complementizer drop. Non-factive that-clauses allow wh-extraction, main clause phenomena and complementizer drop, but manner-of-speaking that-clauses resist them. In addition, the behavior of manner-of-speaking that-clauses patterns with noun complement clauses and that-clauses following the pronoun it. In this paper, I argue that the referential and adjunct status of manner-of-speaking that-clauses, noun complement clauses and that-clauses following the pronoun it is responsible for their shared restrictions on wh-extraction, main clause phenomena and complementizer drop. Specifically, I argue all three of these that-clauses are referential adjuncts in a close apposition relationship with a nominal object.
Head movement and allomorphy in children's negative questions
Authors: Pak Marjorie
Published: March 2018

English-speaking preschoolers occasionally produce negative questions with a ‘doubled’ auxiliary (e.g. Why did you didn’t know?). These 2AuxQs apparently involve a failure to raise [NEG n’t] to C (cf. Why didn’t you know?). I analyze 2AuxQs as the product of two independent errors: a planning error (raising T-to-C without raising Neg-to-T first) and an allomorphy error (overgeneralization of ‑n’t). The planning error results from lack of practice: serial head-movement is relatively uncommon in English, and true Neg-to-T-to-C may be rarer than appearances suggest. In e.g. Why don’t we play, ok?, -n’t is not interpreted within TP—and strikingly, 2AuxQs are unattested here.
Experimental support for a one-step model of phoneme acquisition
Authors: Moeng Emily
Published: March 2018

Phonetic category acquisition involves a distributional learning mechanism (Maye, Werker, and Gerken 2002). Some researchers suggest that phonetic category acquisition is only the first step in a two-step model of phonological acquisition by modelling these two steps separately (Guenther and Gjaja, 1996; Boersma, Escudero, and Hayes, 2003; Peperkamp, Pettinato, and Dupoux 2003; Peperkamp, Calvez, Nadal, and Dupoux 2006), while others have argued for a one-step model (Dillon, Dunbar, and Idsardi 2013). This experimental study maps the learning trajectory of three groups of adult learners: (1) a group exposed to a bimodal frequency distribution where both halves of the bimodal distribution occur in complementary environments (Bimodal-Comp group), (2) a group exposed to a bimodal frequency distribution where both halves of the bimodal distribution occur in non-complementary environments (Bimodal-NonComp group), and (3) a group exposed to a monomodal frequency distribution (Monomodal group). This study finds support for a one-step model of phoneme acquisition, with the Bimodal-Comp group having lower sensitivities to critical stimuli than even the Monomodal group at all three exposure times tested.
Native and non-native speaker processing and production of contrastive focus prosody
Authors: Takahashi Chikako , Kao Sophia , Baek Hyunah , Yeung Alex HL , Hwang Jiwon , Broselow Ellen
Published: March 2018

Several studies have found that the presence of L+H* accent on a contrastive adjective assists native-speaking listeners in narrowing the referent of the noun following the adjective (e.g., Ito & Speer 2008, Weber et al. 2006). Our study addresses two questions: whether non-native speakers use prosodic cues in processing, as previous studies have shown for native speakers, and whether there is a relationship between the use of prosodic cues in processing and in production. Twenty-one Mandarin speakers living in the US and twenty-one native English speakers participated in two tasks investigating their processing and production of prosodic cues to contrastive focus. In the processing task, participants responded to the same recorded instruction containing an accented adjective in different contexts, in which the adjective was either contrastive (and therefore appropriately accented) or was repeated and followed by a contrasting noun, making focus accent on the adjective inappropriate. In the production task, participants guided an experimenter to place colored objects on a whiteboard, with some contexts designed to elicit contrastive focus. Overall results indicate that the Mandarin speakers made use of prosodic cues in both processing and production, although their focus prosody production differed from that of native speakers in several respects. Comparison of the results in the two experiments did not find strong correlations between processing and production. These results suggest that there is considerable heterogeneity even among native speakers in the use of prosodic cues in processing and production, and even those who do not use prosodic cues in processing may use them in production.
Effects of syllable onset on the timing of pitch accent in Belgrade Serbian
Authors: Karlin Robin
Published: March 2018

In this paper, I present the results of an acoustic study on Serbian, a pitch-accent language with sonorant-sonorant onset clusters like /mr/ and /ml/. I show that peak timing in falling accents is not affected solely by syllable onset duration, as suggested by the segmental anchoring hypothesis, but rather is determined by an interaction between syllable onset complexity and syllable onset duration, indicating a gestural representation of tone.
Principle A and feature valuation
Authors: Antonenko Andrei
Published: March 2018

Traditional binding theory is largely incompatible with minimalist assumptions. In this paper I propose an analysis of anaphoric binding based on a feature-checking mechanism (Pesetsky and Torrego 2007), by introducing the feature ⟨ρ⟩, a formalization of the reflexivity proposal of Reinhart and Reuland 1993. I argue that the ⟨ρ⟩ feature is responsible for establishing coreference between an anaphor and its antecedent, by being present and valued on reflexives while being unvalued on a higher phrasal head. Valuation of ⟨ρ⟩ under Agree results in the introduction of a λ -operator, which binds the reflexive variable, thereby establishing the coreference between an anaphor and its antecedent. I further demonstrate how this revision of binding theory can derive subject orientation of monomorphemic anaphors, Barss- Lasnik effects, and restrict at which moment of derivation binding theory can apply. In conclusion I show some novel asymmetries observed in wh-dislocated reflexives in English vs. Russian indirect questions.
Interpretations of VP anaphora through reference to salient events
Authors: Luce Kanan , Geiger Jeffrey , Kennedy Christopher , Xiang Ming
Published: March 2018

Previous work has largely agreed that the verbal anaphors do it/this/that can freely be resolved with respect to information in either the linguistic or nonlinguistic context, whereas there has been more debate regarding the resolution strategy for verb phrase ellipsis. We present an experiment that confirms the intuition that interpretations of do that are highly sensitive to information in the nonlinguistic context. Comparison to a prior experiment on verb phrase ellipsis using the same paradigm reveals that ellipsis is much less sensitive to nonlinguistic manipulations, suggesting that it is not resolved solely with respect to salient discourse events, and that there is a separate linguistic identity requirement for ellipsis.
West Circassian polysynthesis at the morphology-syntax interface
Authors: Ershova Ksenia
Published: March 2018

This paper presents an analysis of word formation in West Circassian, a polysynthetic language. I argue that while verbs and nouns superficially share a similar morphological profile, they are in fact constructed through two distinct word formation strategies: while verbal morphology is concatenated via syntactic head movement, the noun phrase is pronounced as a single word due to rules of syntax-to-prosody mapping. Such a division of labor provides an account for why only nouns, and not verbs, exhibit productive noun incorporation in the language: West Circassian noun incorporation is prosodic, rather than syntactic. The evidence for this two-fold approach to word formation comes from morpheme ordering in nominalizations.
A Q-theoretic approach to distinctive subsegmental timing
Authors: Garvin Karee , Garvin Karee , Lapierre Myriam , Lapierre Myriam , Inkelas Sharon
Published: March 2018

This paper presents two case studies of segment-internal timing distinctions which motivate Q Theory, in which each segment (Q) is represented as a string of featurally uniform subsegments (q), e.g. (q1 q2 q3), corresponding to the informal concepts of onset, target, and offset (Inkelas & Shih 2013, 2016, 2017, Shih & Inkelas 2014). We argue, based on Panará and Hungarian, that this representational richness is motivated by the need to represent phonologically tripartite segments, as well as segment-internal timing distinctions that are phonologically contrastive. In addition to supporting existing Q theory architecture, we also argue for expanding the repertoire of Q Theory further to include phonologically long segments, such as geminates.
Children’s use of prosody and word order to indicate information status in English noun phrase conjuncts
Authors: De Ruiter Laura , Narasimhan Bhuvana , Chen Jidong , Lack Jonah
Published: March 2018

Our study investigates the influence of information status on word order and prosody in children and adults. Using an elicited production task, we examine the ordering and intonation of noun phrases in phrasal conjuncts in 3-5-year-old and adult speakers of English. Findings show that English-speaking children are less likely to employ the ‘old-before-new’ order than adults and are also not adult-like in using prosody to mark information status. Our study suggests that even though intonation and word order are linguistic devices that are acquired early, their use to mark information status is still developing at age four.
The influence of language background and exposure on phonetic accommodation
Authors: Enzinna Naomi Ruth
Published: March 2018

This study examines whether language background, short-term exposure to monolingual and bilingual speech, and long-term exposure to monolingual and bilingual speech influences speech accommodation. To address this question, I examine whether English monolinguals and Spanish-English bilinguals, either from a predominately monolingual community or a predominately bilingual community, vary their speech when interacting with a monolingual English speaker versus a Spanish-English bilingual speaker. Additionally, I examine whether speakers are more likely to converge after being primed with monolingual English or Spanish-English bilingual speech. To test this, participants complete an interactive communication task, where they are presented with a 6x6 board on a computer screen and asked questions about the words on the board, which contain variables that differ in English and Spanish. Results show that both language background and long-term exposure to monolingual or bilingual speech in a speaker’s speech community influence accommodation.
Pokémonikers: A study of sound symbolism and Pokémon names
Authors: Shih Stephanie S , Ackerman Jordan , Hermalin Noah , Inkelas Sharon , Kavitskaya Darya
Published: March 2018

Sound symbolism flouts the core assumption of the arbitrariness of the sign in human language. The cross-linguistic prevalence of sound symbolism raises key questions about the universality versus language-specificity of sound symbolic correspondences. One challenge to studying cross-linguistic sound symbolic patterns is the difficulty of holding constant real-world referents across cultures. In this study, we address the challenge of cross-linguistic comparison by utilising a rich, cross-linguistic dataset drawn from the Pokémon game franchise. Within this controlled universe, we compare the sound symbolisms of Japanese and English Pokémon names (pokemonikers). Our results show a tendency in both languages to encode the same attributes with sound symbolism, but also reveal key differences rooted in language-specific structural and lexical constraints.
Tense intervention effect in negative emphasis: A case study in Japanese
Authors: Ishihara Yuki
Published: March 2018

This paper investigates two types of predicate emphasis constructions in Japanese: the Affirmative Negative Emphatic Construction and the Emphatic Iterative Construction. It observes that a negative predicate cannot be in past tense in these constructions, and claims that a locality constraint holds between Emphasis and Negation. It suggests that a special property of a past tense form of negation in Japanese can be attributed to a morphological reanalysis.
The morphosyntax of number in Estonian numeral-noun constructions
Authors: Norris Mark Josef
Published: March 2018

The interaction of numerals and number-marking has generated much research in both morphosyntax and semantics in those domains. In this paper, I propose an analysis of number-marking in the numeral-noun constructions of Estonian. They are noteworthy for the existence of two morphosyntactic frames. In one, both the numeral and noun are singular, and the noun bears partitive case. In the other, both the numeral and noun are plural, and there is no assignment of partitive case. I propose an analysis whereby the head assigning partitive case is of the same syntactic category as the head introducing plurality: Borer's (2005) Div. Previous accounts do not capture the generalization that the numeral always matches the noun's number-marking. I propose it is another instance of the language's already robust system of nominal concord
Referentiality and incompletive reading in Mandarin
Authors: Zhang Anqi
Published: March 2018

As an exception to Krifka’s (1989) famous generalization that a quantized incremental theme always induces an event-homomorphic completive reading, Singh (1991, 1998) observes that in Hindi only the quantized mass noun phrases as the incremental theme entails a completive reading, but unexpectedly quantized count nouns phrases can have an incompletive reading. She proposes that count nouns can introduce a partial thematic relation, whereas mass nouns introduce a total thematic relation. With new data in Mandarin, instead of the mass/count distinction, I argue that referentiality is the crucial factor because the non-culmination readings are only felicitous with the referential objects for consumption verbs in Mandarin.
Deriving the distributivity potential of adjectives via measurement theory
Authors: Glass Lelia
Published: March 2018

The boxes are heavy can convey that each box is heavy (distributive), or that some individually light boxes qualify as heavy when lifted together (nondistributive; Schwarzschild 1996, Schwarzschild 2011). In contrast, the boxes are fragile generally requires each box to be fragile (distributive). Which adjectives behave like heavy or like fragile, and why? This paper proposes a measurement-theoretic account. For a gradable adjective to be understood nondistributively, I argue that a⊕b must exceed a and b along the scale associated with the adjective. That way, the contextual standard θ for what ‘counts as’ (adjective) in the context can be set in such a way that the composite object a⊕b surpasses the contextual standard θ while a and b individually fall short of it – a nondistributive understanding, in that the adjective is true of a⊕b together but not of a or b individually. This ordering is possible for heavy but not fragile, deriving their differences. More generally, researchers agree that an adjective’s potential for distributivity depends on what we know about the property it describes. Making that idea more explanatory, this paper articulates which features of the property described by the adjective matter for distributivity and why.
What can wh-questions tell us about real-time language production: Evidence from English and Mandarin
Authors: Do Monica , Kaiser Elsi , Zhao Pengchen
Published: March 2018

We present two visual-world eye-tracking experiments investigating how speakers begin structuring their messages for linguistic utterances, a process known as linguistic encoding. Specifically, we focus on when speakers first linearize the abstract elements of their messages (positional processing) and when they first assign a grammatical role to those elements (functional processing). Experiment 1 de-coupled the process of linearization from grammatical role assignment using English object wh-questions, where the subject is no longer sentence initial. Experiment 2 used Mandarin declaratives and questions, which have the same word order, to test the extent to which findings from Experiment 1 were linked to information focus associated with wh-questions. We find evidence of both grammatical role assignment and linearization emerging around 400-600 ms, but we do not find evidence of the +/- wh distinction influencing eye-movements during that same time window.
Differential objects and other structural objects
Authors: Irimia Monica Alexandrina
Published: March 2018

Several recent accounts take adpositional differential marking to indicate those classes of DPs that require obligatory licensing (Case). Here, we examine data from Gujarati and Romanian where this analysis is harder to implement.  The two languages exhibit structural DPs that are signaled via a preposition. But they also contain other structural objects which must be equally analyzed in terms of licensing, leaving the difference from the adpositional objects unexplained. The solution proposed builds on the idea of secondary licensing on the same DP, going back to Kayne’s Generalization. The conclusion is that, at least in some languages, differential objects are classes that undergo an additional licensing operation.
Possession type affects resolution of possessive pronouns in English VP ellipsis
Authors: Storbeck Jesse , Kaiser Elsi
Published: March 2018

The sentence “Bill washed his car, and John did, too” has two possible interpretations if the overt his refers to Bill: (i) a coreferential interpretation, in which John washed Bill’s car, or (ii) a bound variable interpretation, in which John washed his own car. What guides comprehenders’ selection of one over the other? Previous research has identified factors such as processing economy (e.g. Reuland, 2001) and lexical semantic properties of the verb and possessed noun (e.g. Foley et al., 2003; Ong & Brasoveanu, 2014). We extend research on the contribution of possession type to resolution of this type of ambiguous VP ellipsis. We hypothesize that the range of possession types found in natural language varies in the extent to which the possessum is processed as an independent discourse referent or as dependent on the discourse representation of its possessor. Moreover, we expect that such differences modulate the possessum’s availability for coreference and, therefore, affect ambiguity resolution. We conducted an experiment testing how different possession relations modulate adult L1 English speakers’ interpretational preference. Inanimate nouns favored bound variable interpretations more than animates did, supporting our hypothesis that the overt possession’s animacy and its resultant discourse status are important factors in the resolution of the elided possessive pronoun. Follow-up experiments confirmed these results and ruled out nouns’ real-world plausibility of possession as a determinant of interpretational preference. Our results suggest that animate possessions are more likely than inanimates to receive independent status in the discourse and consequently to be available for coreference when the ellipsis is interpreted.
Standard Arabic [q]-lexical-borrowings in the speech of Syrian rural migrants
Authors: Habib Rania
Published: March 2018

This study examines lexical borrowings from Standard Arabic containing the voiceless uvular stop [q] sound in the speech of 52 Christian rural migrant speakers to the city of Hims in Syria. The study shows that both older and younger males use more lexical borrowings than older and younger females respectively. This gender difference is attributed to the different gender roles and expectations of males and females in society and consequently the gender identity projected by the use of more or less lexical borrowings. Age does not play a role in the use of lexical borrowings, although younger speakers are generally more educated than older speakers and education plays some role. Those at the top of the education scale, i.e. holding professional degrees such as medicine, dentistry, and master’s degrees, show higher use of lexical borrowings than speakers with bachelor’s degrees and lower levels of education. The difference is statistically significant between speakers with professional degrees, on the one hand, and those with bachelor’s degrees, associate degrees and elementary school education, on the other. This difference is not statistically significant with speakers with middle and high school education. Interestingly, education overrides the gender effect when females are at the top of the education scale. That is, females who are highly educated tend to use lexical borrowings as much as males of the same educational level. In this sense, lexical borrowing becomes a marker of higher education not only among males, but also among females. In other words, the gender identity differentiation diminishes when speakers are highly educated.
English negative concord and double negation: The division of labor between syntax and pragmatics
Authors: Blanchette Frances , Nadeu Marianna , Yeaton Jeremy , Deprez Viviane
Published: March 2018

Recent research demonstrates that prototypical negative concord (NC) languages allow double negation (DN) (Espinal & Prieto 2011; Prieto et al. 2013; Déprez et al. 2015; Espinal et al. 2016). In NC, two or more syntactic negations yield a single semantic one (e.g., the ‘I ate nothing’ reading of “I didn’t eat nothing”), and in DN each negation contributes to the semantics (e.g. ‘It is not the case that I ate nothing’). That NC and DN have been shown to coexist calls into question the hypothesis that grammars are either NC or DN (Zeijlstra 2004), and supports micro-parametric views of these phenomena (Déprez 2011; Blanchette 2017). Our study informs this debate with new experimental data from American English. We explore the role of syntax and speaker intent in shaping the perception and interpretation of English sentences with two negatives. Our results demonstrate that, like in prototypical NC languages (Espinal et al. 2016), English speakers reliably exploit syntactic, pragmatic, and acoustic cues to in selecting an NC or a DN interpretation.
Orthography in social media: Pragmatic and prosodic interpretations of caps lock
Authors: Heath Maria
Published: March 2018

Orthography in social media is largely understudied, but rich in pragmatic potential. This study examines the use of "caps lock" on Twitter, which has been claimed to function as an emotive strengthener. In a survey asking participants to rate tweets on gradient scales of emotion, I show that this claim does not account for all the data. I instead propose that caps lock should be understood as an indicator of prosody in text. I support this theory by drawing on Twitter corpus data to show how users employ single-word capitalization in positions indicative of emphatic stress and semantic focus. A prosodic interpretation of capitalization accounts for all the data in a unified way.
The coalescence of grammatical gender and numeral classifiers in the general classifier wota in Nepali
Authors: Kilarski Marcin , Tang Marc
Published: March 2018

While nominal classification has received considerable attention, relatively little is known about cross-linguistically rare complex systems. An example is provided by Nepali (Indo-European, Indic), which possesses both grammatical gender and numeral classifiers. Our aim is to examine morphosyntactic and functional properties of the general classifier wota. Unusually, the classifier exhibits gender agreement both in its independent forms and as fused with a numeral, raising questions about its lexical and pragmatic functions. Our study contributes to the typology of nominal classification by proposing a functional approach to cases of complex co-occurrence of gender and classifiers.
États généraux de l’Alimentation, des travaux pratiques grandeur nature pour une mise à jour des politiques publiques
Authors: Rouillé d’Orfeuil Henri
Published: March 2018

L’auteur a participé aux États généraux de l’alimentation (juillet à décembre 2017) et notamment à l’Atelier 12 concernant la lutte contre la précarité alimentaire. À partir du travail de l’association RESOLIS, il réagit sur la tonalité des échanges et sur les propositions issues de cet atelier.
L’accès à l’alimentation durable pour tous : l’expérience d’un module de formation pour des étudiants en travail social
Authors: Paturel Dominique
Published: March 2018

Le dispositif d’aide alimentaire est mal connu par les travailleurs sociaux tant en France qu’en Europe. Peu d’entre eux, qu’ils officient dans le secteur public ou caritatif, n’ont conscience qu’ils sont les prescripteurs d’une aide sociale qui participe à l’appauvrissement d’une partie de la population. Dans cet article nous aborderons les notions nécessaires à la compréhension des enjeux sociaux de l’accès à l’alimentation durable et nous évoquerons les effets produits auprès d’étudiantes en travail social une fois qu’elles ont pu accéder à ces connaissances nouvelles.
Travail social et souveraineté alimentaire. Act’terre solidaire une action innovante sur l’agglomération caennaise
Authors: Savigny Marie-Thérèse
Published: March 2018

Face aux différents niveaux de crises (économique, sociale, démocratique, du sens…) qui laissent un nombre croissant de personnes dans des situations insoutenables, le travail social doit et peut se situer en médiateur et en tiers facilitateur pour créer des dynamiques locales n’excluant pas les personnes habituellement écartées des espaces démocratiques de parole. Au travers d’une recherche action intitulée « Pour une nouvelle gouvernance de l’urgence et de l’entraide alimentaire sur l’agglomération caennaise», des acteurs font le pari de la co-construction de ce qui devient progressivement un véritable projet économique et politique de territoire. Ils vont se fédérer au sein d’une association : Act’terre solidaire et constituer un espace laboratoire au service des composantes du territoire.
La solidarité alimentaire de proximité comme espace d’expérimentation démocratique et vecteur d’émancipation. Recherche-action au sein du Secours Populaire Français en Occitanie
Authors: Scherer Pauline
Published: March 2018

Le Secours Populaire Français (SPF) Occitanie s’est engagé dans une démarche d’expérimentation visant à développer une solidarité alimentaire de proximité, en investissant les dynamiques de circuits-courts sur plusieurs territoires, dans le cadre de ses activités d’aide alimentaire dans cinq comités locaux. Chaque comité a démarré à sa manière, tout en laissant des marges de manœuvre aux personnes impliquées, afin de déclencher un processus d’action collective. Cette recherche-action, se situe à la croisée de trois champs de recherche : les pratiques de solidarité, la participation citoyenne et l’accès à l’alimentation des personnes précaires. Fondée sur la constitution de « groupes-projet » composés de bénévoles, de personnes accueillies (et d’agriculteurs dans certains cas), elle interroge la place des personnes en situation de précarité dans l’émergence de formes démocratiques d’accès à l’alimentation, dans une perspective émancipatrice. Elle fait l’hypothèse que l’instauration d’une solidarité alimentaire de proximité, territorialisée, éco-systémique, dans une dynamique collective et participative, est vectrice d’émancipation sur les questions alimentaires et plus largement.
Réflexions à partir de la recherche interventionnelle ECOALES-Uniterres : accès à une alimentation en circuit court de proximité dans l'aide alimentaire
Authors: Téchoueyres Isabelle
Published: March 2018

Cet article, issu d’une communication présentée dans le cadre des Journées Françaises de Nutrition concernant les inégalités sociales de santé, est une réflexion sur la recherche interventionnelle, à la lumière d’un travail mené dans le champ de l’aide alimentaire. Cette recherche-intervention, nommée ECOALES 1 , s’est déroulée de 2012 à 2015, avec une équipe pluridisciplinaire (sociologues, anthropologues, épidémiologistes, économistes), à partir de l’action Uniterres portée par ANDES 2 . Il ne s’agit pas ici de présenter les résultats de la recherche mais plutôt d’offrir une perspective sur les principes de la recherche interventionnelle en général : ses forces, ses faiblesses et ses implications. Selon une démarche réflexive, la discussion examine la question de la gouvernance, notamment les implications des interactions entre les différents acteurs. Une telle réflexion interroge les pratiques habituelles de la recherche, en particulier dans son rapport à l’action et au politique. Se pose ainsi la question des critères de scientificité qui nécessite le renouvellement d’une approche académique classique.
Nourrir ou se nourrir. Renouveler le sens que l’on porte à l’acte alimentaire pour renouveler nos pratiques face à la précarité alimentaire
Authors: Ramel Magali , Boissonnat Huguette
Published: March 2018

Le sens et les représentations que l’on donne à l’acte alimentaire influencent la compréhension des incidences de la vie en précarité sur cet acte alimentaire et par la suite va diriger les réponses tant institutionnelles, professionnelles qu’associatives qui y seront apportées. L’objet de cet article est de le montrer en s’appuyant sur certains résultats de l’étude « Se nourrir lorsqu’on est pauvre – analyse et ressenti de personnes en situation de précarité » rédigée au sein département santé d’ATD Quart Monde. Les échanges sur lesquels se fonde cette étude, portent sur l’acte de se nourrir et de nourrir les siens en situation de précarité. Ils mettent en lumière l’importance de ne pas considérer uniquement les dimensions nutritionnelles et de santé de l’alimentation. Le rôle social de l’alimentation, sa fonction d’inclusion sociale, sont également grandement fragilisés par la vie en précarité. La compréhension du sujet dans toute sa complexité permet de porter un nouvel éclairage sur les barrières d’accès rencontrées et d’avancer vers des solutions pour garantir pour tous un accès digne et durable à l’alimentation.
Individu et société
Authors: Broutelle Anne-Cécile , Martin Gilles
Published: March 2018

L’étude des « processus de socialisation » apparaît explicitement dans le programme de SES de 1 re ES. Rien d’étonnant a priori dans cette mise en valeur, puisque la socialisation semble constituer le cœur du projet sociologique. Toutefois, il est intéressant de noter que cette entrée conceptuelle relève d’un véritable choix, celui de singulariser l’étude des modes d’actions et des canaux par lesquels s’opère cette incorporation du social dans l’individu, plutôt que de se contenter d’en présenter des applications à des objets donnés, tels que les groupes sociaux ou les comportements déviants. Faire de la socialisation un objet sociologique, tel est bien l’enjeu de ce choix pédagogique et du dossier auquel est consacré ce numéro.
Socialisation
Authors: Darmon Muriel
Published: March 2018

Muriel Darmon retrace ici la petite histoire du manuel qu’elle a consacré à la socialisation, et de son parcours avec une des définitions, un des usages possibles de la notion. Témoignage d’étudiante, de chercheuse, et d’enseignante, plutôt qu’objectivation sociologique d’une trajectoire, ce texte invite les lectrices et les lecteurs à découvrir les coulisses de la rédaction d’un ouvrage qui, comme tout manuel, n’est jamais totalement neutre, et d’un rapport à la notion de socialisation qui, comme toute position théorique, est toujours situé.
Socialisations primaires / secondaires : quels enjeux ?
Authors: Zolesio Emmanuelle
Published: March 2018

Comment les processus de socialisation contribuent-ils à former et transformer les individus ? Qu’est-ce que la « socialisation primaire » ou « secondaire » ? Quels sont les enjeux derrière l’articulation de ces notions ? À partir de recherches récentes et de sa propre enquête sur les chirurgiennes, Emmanuelle Zolesio explore les différentes modalités de transmission, d’incorporation et de réincorporation des dispositions sociales au cours de la vie des individus.
Socialisations familiales et réussite scolaire
Authors: Henri-Panabière Gaële
Published: March 2018

Comment comprendre les rapports entre socialisations familiales et scolaires ? L’analyse des inégalités entre familles appartenant à des catégories sociales très différentes fait apparaître le poids de la transmission culturelle et plus particulièrement des capitaux culturels maternels dans la réussite scolaire des enfants. Cela étant, parmi les enfants issus de familles bien dotées de ce point de vue, certains éprouvent d’importantes difficultés scolaires dont il est sociologiquement pertinent de rendre raison, que ce soit par l’étude statistique de « différences secondaires » entre familles ou par la reconstruction de configurations familiales singulières où s’observent des inégalités entre frères et sœurs.
Comment peut-on comprendre la demande de sociologie ?
Authors: Vayre Jean-Sébastien
Published: March 2018

Ces dernières années, la sociologie n’a pas toujours eu bonne presse. Certains spécialistes n’hésitent pas à parler « d’usine à chômeurs » pour désigner cette formation universitaire. Si cette qualification ne reflète en rien la réalité, il n’en reste pas moins qu’une part importante d’étudiants et d’enseignants éprouvent des inquiétudes quant à l’avenir de la discipline. La sociologie n’intéresserait-elle plus la société ? À partir de l’exemple du mouvement big data, nous proposons dans cet article de dégager divers éléments de réflexion permettant de mieux comprendre ce qu’est la demande de sociologie.
Conscience de soi et connaissance de soi chez Theodor Lipps
Authors: Fabbianelli Faustino
Published: March 2018

Une grande partie de la réflexion théorique de Theodor Lipps tourne autour de la distinction entre conscience de soi et connaissance de soi. Dans les pages qui vont suivre, il s’agira avant tout de déterminer les caractéristiques principales de cette distinction, ainsi que les conditions qui la rendent possible. Ceci permettra d’évaluer le sens et la portée d’une conception de la connaissance de soi qui se présente ouvertement comme une alternative à celles en vogue dans l’Allemagne du début du xx e  siècle. On verra comment le caractère novateur de la thèse lippsienne résulte en grande partie de l’actualisation de thématiques et de constructions conceptuelles précédemment exprimées dans le cadre de la pensée moderne, tout particulièrement dans l’idéalisme allemand. Si les multiples niveaux interprétatifs de l’argumentation développée par Lipps témoignent de sa richesse spéculative, ils révèlent aussi des tensions susceptibles d’en menacer la cohérence théorique.
Lipps et Freud. Pour une psychologie dynamique de l’inconscient
Authors: Gyemant Maria
Published: March 2018

Peu nombreuses sont les références philosophiques que l’on peut trouver dans l’œuvre de Freud. Celle qui est faite à Theodor Lipps en est une essentielle, puisqu’elle apparaît déjà dans le premier grand ouvrage de Freud, L’Interprétation des rêves, et revient jusque dans ses tout derniers écrits. Si Freud laisse entendre parfois que Lipps défend une conception du fonctionnement du psychique humain similaire à la sienne, mais certainement moins originale, je montrerai dans cette contribution que, en un certain sens, Lipps peut être considéré comme un véritable précurseur de la psychanalyse freudienne. En effet, la psychologie de Lipps prend appui sur un concept dynamique d’inconscient que nous retrouvons aussi au centre de la métapsychologie freudienne. Il s’agira dans cet article de montrer premièrement comment Lipps défend une telle psychologie dynamique de l’inconscient face aux deux positions psychologiques dominantes de l’époque : la psychologie descriptive de l’école de Brentano et la psychophysique des élèves de Wundt. Il s’agira ensuite de montrer en quoi la théorie freudienne de l’inconscient repousse encore plus loin que celle de Lipps les limites de la connaissance du psychisme humain.
Psychologie et critique du psychologisme : à l’origine de la phénoménologie, la controverse Lipps-Husserl
Authors: Lavigne Jean-François
Published: March 2018

Cette étude brève porte sur un aspect de la carrière et de l’évolution scientifique de Th. Lipps qui fut déterminant pour la naissance de la phénoménologie husserlienne, et du premier « mouvement phénoménologique » à Munich et Göttingen. Après un aperçu biographique d’ensemble, l’auteur caractérise les positions théoriques initiales de Lipps, tant en psychologie générale qu’en logique, afin d’éclairer la première rencontre théorique avec la problématique de Husserl, dans les Prolégomènes à la logique pure. L’examen de la correspondance Lipps-Husserl, puis de la nouvelle méthodologie lippsienne de 1902-1903 permet de mettre en évidence une évolution simultanée des deux penseurs : rapprochement de Lipps avec une position phénoménaliste, radicalisation essentialiste et antipsychologique de la conception husserlienne de la phénoménologie. Cette double évolution éclaire l’orientation prise, à partir de 1904-1905, par les élèves de Lipps qui formèrent le premier cercle des jeunes « phénoménologues ».
Puis-je douter de mon corps ?
Authors: Casadebaig Philippe
Published: March 2018

Tout au long de l’exercice intellectuel du doute volontaire proposé par Descartes, les mêmes choses sensibles dont l’existence est mise en question n’en continuent pas moins de m’apparaître présentes telles qu’à l’habitude, et ceci premièrement grâce à mon propre corps, lequel, en tant que foyer de ma sensibilité vive, doit être distingué des corps extérieurs et seulement matériels. C’est pourquoi Jean-Luc Marion a pu, dans un livre récent, soutenir que le doute de Descartes n’est pas capable, ni en fait ni en droit, d’atteindre mon propre corps, autrement dit ma « chair », pour user d’un vocable commun à l’Évangile et à la phénoménologie de Husserl. Dans le présent article on souhaite, en réponse aux objections contre la mise en doute du corps propre, proposer une interprétation des raisons du doute cartésien susceptible d’expliquer en quel sens mon corps propre aussi doit être sujet à ce doute et l’est en effet.
Identidad, ciudadanía y derecho : del estereotipo al fobotipo
Authors: Lucas Javier de
Published: March 2018

Dans cet article je tente d’apporter une contribution à la déjà connue fonction du Droit en tant qu’instrument de construction et de diffusion des stéréotypes. Concrètement, sur son rôle concernant un problème déterminant de l’identité nationale, l’établissement de la catégorie dichotomique citoyen/étranger. Je dégagerai le rôle négatif du Droit des étrangers à l’heure de construire et de justifier la progressive et radicale difficulté dans l’accession à la citoyeneté. En résumé, le rejet de ce que, rappelons-le, les juristes continuent à appeler « naturalisation », un substantif extraordinairement significatif, car il s’agit d’un exemple de stéréotype juridique qui inclut, comme presque toujours, son fobotype : ce qui est à nous, ce qui est national, ce qui est naturel. L’autre est une anomalie. Un stéréotype auquel le Droit apporte sa terrible spécificité, sa capacité à imposer notre regard, depuis l’assymétrie de la position de pouvoir et, de ce fait, grâce au monopole légitime de la force.
Diálogos asimétricos. Una propuesta de análisis de la imagen romántica de España
Authors: Andreu-Miralles Xavier
Published: March 2018

Le présent travail s’interroge sur l’utilité d’appliquer la philosophie du langage de Bakhtin et certaines réflexions émanant de la critique postcoloniale à l’étude transnationale des stéréotypes nationaux. Une étude qui a été menée à bien principalement depuis la perspective de la dénommée Imagologie, de manière tout à fait intéressante. Il expose brièvement quelques-uns des résultats mettant en exergue la pertinence de cette perspective pour l’analyse de l’image romantique de l’Espagne et pour mieux appréhender sa portée dans le processus de construction de l’identité nationale espagnole.
¿Materia de España ? Imaginarios nacionales y persistencia del estereotipo español en la cultura francesa (1898-1936)
Authors: Cardona Ferran Archilés
Published: March 2018

Entre 1898 et 1936 (c'est-à-dire entre le désastre colonial de la guerre de Cuba et le début de la guerre civile), un stéréotype de l'Espagnol a circulé dans la culture française, stéréotype dont l'origine remonte à la construction du mythe romantique au XIXe siècle. Cet article analyse les raisons pour lesquelles ce stéréotype se diffuse au cours de cette période et quelles sont ses origines politiques et culturelles. Il ne s’agit pas tant de comprendre la capacité de résistance de ce stéréotype que d'étudier sa fonction. En ce sens, l'article souligne que le stéréotype d’une Espagne éternelle, orientalisée et « passionnelle » a servi de contrepoint à l’image positive de la France. Ainsi, l'image de l'Espagne a constitué un élément-clé dans le processus d’autoreprésentation nationale française. Ce n'est donc pas une coïncidence si ce stéréotype a joué un rôle particulièrement important dans la pensée réactionnaire et conservatrice française.
El estereotipo vasco en las primeras guías turísticas francesas del siglo XIX
Authors: Pobes Coro Rubio
Published: March 2018

Cet article étudie le stéréotype basque à travers les guides touristiques publiés en France au XIXe siècle, en particulier ceux qui présentaient la « Côte basque » en proposant un itinéraire transfrontalier. On compare l'image idéalisée des Basques que ces guides ont diffusée avec celle que contenaient les guides publiés en Espagne aux mêmes dates. Il s'agit aussi de mettre en valeur une source documentaire qui n'a guère été envisagée pour l'étude des stéréotypes et la construction des identités collectives.