bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathology of metastasizing tumors in nitrosomethyl urea‐induced rat mammary carcinoma
Authors: Ghosh Luna , Nassauer Joyce , Faiferman Isidore , Ghosh Bimal C.
Published: February 2007

The metastatic capacity of rat mammary tumors induced with N‐nitrosomethyl urea was tested in BUF/N inbred female rats by successive transplantation. After the first and second passage, tumor cells appeared diffusely distributed throughout the bone marrow and spleen, confirming results reported by others; no other metastases were observed. After six successive transplantations, large, well‐defined tumor nodules were observed in the liver, spleen, lung, and the peritoneal surface of the intestines in 40% of the injected animals. The morphology of the primary and metastatic tumors was compared by light microscopy. The tumors appeared to be adenocarcinomas with differing degrees of differentiation. No morphlogical differences could be observed between the primary and the metastatic tumors.
Is gastric cancer generalized at the time of surgery?
Authors: Papachristou Dimitrios N. , Fortner Joseph G.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐one patients undergoing gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the stomach died during the first two postoperative weeks and were subjected to autopsy. They all had “curative” resections for lesions confined to the stomach and the regional lymph nodes. Autopsy revealed distant metastasis in ten of 13 patients who had (TNM) stage III disease at the time of surgery. There was no residual disease in patients with stage I and II lesions (P <0.01). The study suggests that, in most cases, stage III gastric adenocarcinomas have already spread beyond the confines of gastrectomy at the time of operation.
Malignant lentigo‐melanoma—A comparative histological and electron microscopy study
Authors: Bigotti Aldo , De Martino Cesare , Natali Piergiorgio , Sciarretta Francesco , Colizza Sergio
Published: February 2007

We examined, by light and electron microscopy, three cases of malignant lentigo, one of which was in the vertical growth phase. The purpose of our work was to compare the diverse patterns between superficial spreading melanoma and malignant lentigo. The observations suggest the following major findings: 1) the cells of malignant lentigo differ from normal melanocytes, and in the same specimen they differ from one another; 2) in malignant lentigo, melanosomes at stage II‐IV are visible; and 3) in spreading melanoma, the melanosomes do not attain complete maturation. These morphological features explain the different behaviour of these two types of tumors.
Studies on the role of oral contraceptive use in the etiology of benign and malignant liver tumors
Authors: Mettlin Curtis , Natarajan Nachimuthu
Published: February 2007

Studies involving the role of oral contraceptive use in the etiology of benign and malignant liver tumors are reviewed. The evidence from these studies strongly suggests that there is a relationship between the use of oral contraceptives and liver tumors. The actual risk appears related to duration of usage and may also be related to the type of contraceptive steroid used. Further investigation is required determine the oncogenic potential of oral contraceptives and the malignant potential of benign tumors.
Sarcomas of the breast: Homogenous or heterogenous?
Authors: Khanna Sushila , Gupta Saroj , Khanna N. N.
Published: February 2007

Eighteen cases of sarcomas of the breast are reported. Cases could be divided into two groups histogenetically. Group A, malignant cystosarcoma phylloides (14 cases); and Group B, pure sarcomas (4 cases). The malignant cystosarcoma phylloides occurred in the fourth decade, had longer duration of illness invariably followed by sudden increase in the size of the tumor, had a striking mucoid and slimy look grossly, and showed discernable epithelial elements histologically. In the event of their recurrence the ductal elements were not seen microscopically. Contrarily, Group B cases presented in the sixth decade were rapidly growing from the beginning, and grossly were fleshy and haemorrhagic. Microscopically these did not reveal any epithelial component. There was poor correlation between cytologic malignancy and the biologic behavior in Group A. Mode of treatment seems more important in determining the subsequent course of the disease. Simple mastectomy with follow‐up appears to be adequate in the majority of cases.
Diffuse peritoneal liposarcoma—Report of one case
Authors: Colizza S. , Di Maurizio P. , Bracci F. , Bigotti A. , Crisci E.
Published: February 2007

A rare case of diffuse peritoneal liposarcoma is reported. The patient, a man aged 45, was admitted with ascites; laboratory and instrumental studies were all negative. Ascites was unresponsive to conservative treatment, so an explorative laparotomy was planned. Parietal and visceral peritoneum showed numerous gelatinous gray‐yellow nodules. Diagnosis was only histologic.
Combination chemoimmunotherapy with FAC‐BCG for metastatic breast cancer: The impact of CMF maintenance chemotherapy
Authors: Hortobagyi G. N. , Blumenschein G. R. , Buzdar A. U. , Yap H. Y. , Schell F. C. , Barnes B. C. , Burgess M. A.
Published: February 2007

In an attempt to prolong the durations of remission and survival of patients with advanced breast cancer treated with the FAC‐BCG protocol, we modified the CMF maintenance combination by increasing the dose of all three drugs and administering them intravenously. Eighty‐five evaluable patients treated with this new regimen were compared with a recent historical control group of 105 evaluable patients treated with FACBCG and a lower‐dose, oral CMF maintenance program. The overall (70% and 76%) and complete (16% and 19%) response rates were identical in these two groups. The median times to progression for all patients entered were similar too (13 months for both groups). The durations of response were 17 months (PO‐CMF) and 14 months (IV‐CMF), not significantly different (P=.16). The durations of survival of the two treated groups were also very similar. After the administration of intensive FAC induction therapy, a high‐dose, intravenous CMF maintenance program appears no better than a lowdose oral regimen. Other drug combinations consisting entirely of drugs not used in the induction regimen might be better choices for maintenance treatment.
Transfemoral hepatic artery infusion for metastatic carcinoma
Authors: Helsper James T. , Lance J. Stanley , Hall Thomas C.
Published: February 2007

A total of 86 patients with primary or metastatic cancer in the liver have had their hepatic artery infused with chemotherapeutic agents via a femoral artery catheter placement. A high volume technic was used with various chemotherapeutic agents, mostly 5‐FU. Results in colon primaries averaged 11.7 months as survivals in the responders; 29 of 45 patients in this group responded. Various other primaries were treated, and the results are given.
Effectiveness of a community program to promote early breast cancer detection
Authors: Boyle Michele , Michalek Arthur , Bersani Gayle , Nemoto Takuma , Mettlin Curtis
Published: February 2007

There are no known means of preventing breast cancer, and efforts to control the disease must be directed toward early detection and improved treatment. To assist in achieving this, we developd a two‐tier educational program aimed at educating women regarding breast cancer facts and the proper performance of breast self‐examination (BSE). Educational efforts are first directed at nurses who are then encouraged to transmit this information to women and their partners in the community. The program combines a lecture and demonstration with more informal small group discussions that allow for individual demonstrations of the technique of BSE. Follow‐up of both nurse and lay participants by means of telephone interviews has shown that women can be motivated to practice BSE, and be made aware of proper techniques.
The ABO(H) cell surface antigens in carcinoma and benign lesions of the breast
Authors: Shull James H. , Javadpour Nasser , Soares Thomas , Demoss Ernest V.
Published: February 2007

The ABO(H) cell surface antigens of 13 breast carcinomas and 17 benign breast lesions were tested with a specific red cell adherence assay (SRCA). All 13 breat carcinomas, including 2 lobular carcinomas in situ and 1 noninfiltrating ductal carcinoma, had lost their ABO(H) surface antigens. Fourteen of 17 benign breast lesions had retained their ABO(H) surface antigens. The benign lesions losing their antigens were 1 case each of atypical intraductal hyperplasia, sclerosing adenosis, and intraductal papilloma. SRCA may be a predictor of which benign breast lesions are in fact premalignant.
Endocrine ablation in breast cancer patients who have failed cytotoxic therapy
Authors: Ferrara John J. , Reiches Nancy A. , Minton John Peter
Published: February 2007

Between 1972 and 1979, forty‐six women underwent endocrine ablative surgery, having failed combinations of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery (including oophorectomy). All had clinically measurable disease; nearly half were afflicted with bone pain. Each was judged to be a candidate for the procedure by estrogen receptor studies (52%), response to L‐dopa (39%), or response to prior oophorectomy (8%). All were followed to their death or to the present, with a minimum of 12 months for those alive. Thirty‐one (67%) were improved, and disease was arrested in five (11%) for a median time of 13.5 months. There was no difference in response rates or intervals between estrogen receptor‐positive and L‐dopa‐positive groups. Response was not correlated with disease‐free interval or menopausal status. Best results were achieved in those with metastases confined to an organ system, particularly the skeletal complex. The procedure is withheld in those with brain metastases. Postablative chemotherapy appeared to prolong the control interval, though numbers are small. The low morbidity and mortality (one death) of midline adrenaloophorectomy combined with the high incidence of recapture of disease leads us to recommend this procedure in appropriately selected patients who have previously failed other therapeutic modalities.
Ethmoid sinus adenocarcinoma metastatic to breast
Authors: Vizel Monique , Oster Martin W.
Published: February 2007

A young woman developed metastases to both breasts from an ethmoid sinus adenocarcinoma diagnosed 2 1/2 years earlier. Despite surgical excision of the breast metastases, postoperative radiotherapy to both breasts, and intensive chemotherapy, her breast metastases recurred in association with rapid progression of the disease in general. She died 1 year after the initial diagnosis of breast metastases. This case is the eighth report of a malignancy arising in the head and neck that metastasized to the breasts. The relevant literature is reviewed.
Primary gastric lymphoma following renal transplantation
Authors: McTamaney J. Paul , Nefeld James P. , Mendezpicon Gerardo , Lee H. M.
Published: February 2007

A renal allograft recipient was diagnosed as having a primary gastric lymphoma 11 years following transplant. Pathology showed a large cell diffuse (histiocytic) lymphoma with lymph node metastases. Pulmonary metastases developed despite curative resection and adjuvant radiation therapy. An aggressive approach to the evaluation of abdominal symptoms following transplantation is indicated to attempt early diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies and to allow prompt treatment.
The role of cytogenetic tests in detection and prevention of cancer
Authors: Bishun N. P.
Published: February 2007

Although simplified and improved techniques have increased at a fast rate in recent years, a great number of compounds released into our environment still remain untested. It has been estimated that between 80‐90% of human cancer is a result of exposure to such compounds, and if by the application of short‐term mutagenic tests, the use of many of these compounds can be severely restricted, an enormous impact can be made on the solution of human health problems.

Batteries of mutagenic tests have established an empirical relationship between mutagenisis and carcinogenisis, and, in view of the cost in terms of time and money, short‐term tests are playing an important role in first detecting, and second, eliminating potential hazards in our environment.

The use of bacteria and other unicellular organisms in these assay systems has met with much criticism; due to the fact that the DNA materials affected do not directly relate to that of man. However, in conjunction with other tests, utilizing human and other mammalian cells, firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the potential hazards of certain chemicals.

Recent advances in cytogenetic tests (e.g., banding chromosomes and sister chromatid exchange) have improved the sensitivity of chromosomal tests and, in so doing, have rendered them more useful in the selecting out process that can reduce substantially the mutagenic and carcinogenic hazards caused by chemicals and other deleterious agents in the environment.
Biliary cystadenocarcinoma: Report of a case presenting with osseous metastasis and a review of the literature
Authors: Berjian Richard A. , Nime Freda , Douglass Harold O. , Nava Hector
Published: February 2007

Biliary cystadenocarcinomais a rare malignancy, and osseous metastasis resulting from this tumor has been recorded in only one of the 19 documented cases in the literature. The case report of this 59‐year‐old male is unusual in that the patient's initial clinical manifestations of the disease were that of osseous metastases, while the primary tumor eluded discovery for greater than 1 year. Although this is the first documented case in which radiation and chemotherapy were used to control the disease, the use of these agents may have contributed to the delay in establishing the primary site of the tumor. The clinical and pathologic features of this and the previously reported cases are reviewed witb an emphasis on the newer diagnostic modalities being used in more recent cases to establish the diagnosis for this tumor.
Enumeration of lymphocytes and their subpopulations identified by bacterial adherence in blood smears of patients with breast tumors
Authors: Felix Edward , Katz Sherry , Teodorescu A. , Teodorescu M.
Published: February 2007

Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts were determined in 57 breast clinic patients. These patients were grouped into four clinical/pathological groups: 18 had benign breast disease, 13 had a history of breast cancer but were free of disease at the time of the study, 7 had a history of breast cancer and were free of disease at the time of the study but were on adjuvant chemotherapy, and 19 had active metastatic breast cancer. Two parameters were investigated in a double blind study: 1) the absolute lymphocyte counts and 2) the percentages of lymphocytes that bound different bacteria as markers of lymphocyte subpopulations in conventionally stained blood smears. A significant reduction in mean lymphocyte counts was demonstrated in patients with advanced disesase. A significant increase in these counts was found in patients who were free of disease following surgical treatment alone. The T1 T2 cells (our denomination), the subpopulation of cells responsible for specific killing in vitro and for suppression of natural cytotoxic cells, was significantly reduced in patients with advanced disease under treatment. The T/B cell ratio in all groups was the same and within normal range. These observations suggest that the observed decrease in the total lymphocytes is due not only to an overall decrease in all classes of lymphocytes but especially in those responsible for specific cell‐mediated reactions. They also show that bacteria can be used as reliable reagents for the identification of lymphocyte subpopulations in blood smears.
Adjuvant chemotherapy of soft‐part sarcomas with ALOMAD (S4)
Authors: Sordillo Peter P. , Magill Gordon B. , Shiu Man H. , Lesser Martin , Hajdu Steven I. , Golbey Robert B.
Published: February 2007

Sixty‐four adult patients with soft‐tissue sarcomas received adjuvant chemotherapy with a six‐drug combination regimen after surgery. Seventy percent remain free of disease with a median follow‐up of 50 months. Only seven patients have died of their disease, all within the first 24 months after surgery. Most patients experienced severe nausea and vomiting secondary to the actinomycin D and dacarbazine parts of the protocol, and three patients experienced frank Adriamycin cardiomyopathy. Toxicity from this combination was otherwise mild. The 58% recurrence rate of 12 patients who discontinued therapy early because of nausea was significantly greater than the 23% rate for those who completed or relapsed on therapy (P = 0.01). Adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered after surgery for patients with soft‐part sarcomas, especially those with high‐grade tumors that have a considerable risk of recurrence.
Steroid receptors in a group of Brazilian breast cancer patients
Authors: Brentani M. M. , Nagai M. A. , Fujiyama C. T. , Góes J. C. S.
Published: February 2007

Two hundred and forty‐two primary breast cancers were assayed for estrogen receptors (ER). Of these, 202 were analyzed for progesterone receptors (PR) and 155 for glucocorticoid receptors (GR). ER was positive in 58% of the specimens; PR and GR were positive in 57%. A positive association was found between ER but not PR or GR frequency and age.

Frequency of ER, PR, and GR positivity was approximately the same in premenopausal and postmenopausal women but ER content was much higher in postmenopausal women. About 70% of ER+ patients were also PR+ and GR+. Both frequency of PR positivity as well as average concentration, and frequency of GR positivity as well as average concentration were positively correlated with ER.
Aspergillus peritonitis complicating perforated appendicitis in adult acute leukemia
Authors: Weingrad Daniel N. , Knapper William H. , Cold Jonathan , Mertelsmann Roland
Published: February 2007

A 38‐year‐old male with terminal transferase positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia experienced fever, polymicrobial bacteremia, gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain during induction therapy, and remission. Cecal perforation, Aspergillus peritonitis, and subsequent diseminated aspergillosis were successfully managed with colon resection, drainage, and antibiotic and anti‐fungal therapy. Serologic tests for antibody to Aspergillus were repeatedly negative.
Renal pseudotumour following treatment of wilms' tumour
Authors: Verstandig A. G. , Gordon R. L. , Abu‐Dalu K. , Okon E.
Published: February 2007

A 9 1/2‐year‐oId boy was found to have a mass occupying the lower pole of his left kidney, six years after his right kidney had been removed because of a Wilms' tumour. Investigation of the mass included angiography which demonstrated a mass with pathological arteries. Open biopsy of the mass revealed histological changes of nonspecific nephritis. It is probable that this nephritis was a result of radiation damage potentiated by concurrent treatment with actinomycin D, which he had received six years ago.
Cell surface antigen ‐a study in bladder tumours
Authors: Kulkarni Jagdeesh N. , Kamat Murali R. , Gangal S. C. , Talwalkar G. V.
Published: February 2007

Thirty bladder tumours of various stages and grades were examined for the presence of A.B.O. (H) cell surface antigen using specific red cell adherence (SCRA) technique. Ten patients with stage A disease and low grade tumour (grade I) retained the antigens, whereas all patients with high stage disease (B,C,D) and high grade tumours showed absence of antigen. When these data were correlated with recurrence pattern and metastasis or invasion rate, patients who did not show the antigen at the initial visit developed metastases and had poor prognoses. The patient who had expressed the antigen by positive SCRA had fewer recurrences and a longer tumour‐free interval Hence if SCRA is done in all bladder tumours at the initial visit and at subsequent follow‐up, it can be used as a biological marker.
Breast carcinoma: Expected results with prevailing therapy
Authors: Haid Max , Zuckerman Leon
Published: February 2007

Computer‐stored tumor registry data were scanned to produce the set of patients whose breast carcinoma was either diagnosed or first treated at Evanston Hospital between the years 1973 and 1977, inclusive. Of 560 evaluable patients, 184 were less than or equal to age 50 (LE 50). and 376 were greater than age 50 (GT 50). Comparisons of projected survival show that the survival of all patients is 81% at 5 years and 72% at 7 years. The survival of patients LE 50 is nearly identical to that of the GT 50 age group. Survival of Stage III GT 50 patients, however, is better than Stage III LE 50 (P < 0.001). Comparison with earlier studies shows an historical trend toward better 5‐year survival. Data were generated in this study which allow prediction of pronosis based upon age and stage at diagnosis.
Lack of association between weight and oestrogen receptors in women with breast cancer
Authors: Mason Barbara , Holdaway I. M. , Yee Lye , Kay R. G.
Published: February 2007

Evidence for a relationship between body weight and tumour oestrogen receptor (ER) level has been sought in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. There was no significant correlation between body weight and tumour ER concentration, either over the whole range of observed weight or when considering groups above or below a weight of 68 kg. Similarly, when women were subgrouped by prognostic variables such as nodal status, tumour size, or menopausal status, there was no significant relationship between ER level and body weight. These data suggests that observations linking breast cancer risk with increasing body weight cannot be explained by variations in ER level.
Gastric duplication associated with adenomyoma
Authors: Floros Demosthenes , Dosios Theodosios , Gourtsoyiannis Nicholas , Vyssoulis Charalambos
Published: February 2007

A case of gastric duplication associated with adenomyoma including ectopic pancreatic tissue in an adult patient is reported. The histologic features, diagnostic criteria, and pathogenesis are briefly discussed.
The effects of urea treatment in combination with curettage in extensive lip cancers
Authors: Danopoulos E. D. , Danopoulou I. E. , Besbeas S. , Ramantanis C.
Published: February 2007

Thirty cases of lip cancer in 28 patients, 23 of which were extensive or very extensive, were treated with local urea injections in combination with curettage. Out of the 30 cases there were 26 squamous cell carcinomas, three basal cell carcinomas extending to the mucosa from the skin of the lips, and one adenocarcinoma of the mucosa of the interior surface of the upper lip. This treatment was effective in all our patients. Recurrences appeared in four patients. These were easily treated in three out of the four patients who returned for treatment, by the same method. In three cases metastases appeared in the lymphnodes of the neck, which were surgically treated.
The role of chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery in the initial treatment of primary soft tissue sarcomas in adults
Authors: Das Gupta Tapas K. , Patel Minu K. , Chaudhuri Prabir K. , Briele Henry A.
Published: February 2007

A prospective study was carried out to determine the results of chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery in the initial treatment of adult primary soft tissue sarcomas. The results were compared with those in a group of patients with similar histologic types of primary sarcoma treated by surgery alone. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of adriamycin, 60 mg/m2 intravenously on Day 1, and DTIC, 250 mg/m2 on Days 1 through 5. The cycle was repeated every 22 days. The total dose of adriamycin was 500 mg/m2; the DTIC was continued for 1 year. The adjuvant chemotherapy group consisted of 113 patients (group one) and the concurrent surgical resection group consisted of 144 patients (group two). In group one, 53 tumors were T1 and 60 tumors were T2; 67 of the tumors were grade 3 and 46 were grade 4. In group two, 65 had T1 and 79 had T2 tumors; 82 tumors were grade 3 and 62 were grade 4. The anatomic location and histologic types were similar in both groups. Seventy‐seven (77%) of the 113 patients in group one lived disease free for 2 years, compared with 59% of the 144 patients treated by resection alone. Of the patients eligible for 5‐year survival analysis, 74% were disease free in the adjuvant chemotherapy group, compared to 50% in the surgical group. The incidence of local recurrence was about the same in both groups. From a histologic standpoint, malignant fibrous histiocytomas and myogenic sarcomas appeared to benefit most with use of the use of the two‐drug regimen used here, and the least favorable response was in liposarcomas and fibro‐sarcomas. In other histologic types, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy needs further clarification.
Comparison of the techniques used for monitoring humoral immunity in cancer patients
Authors: Renk Clifford M. , Gupta Rishab K. , Irie Reiko F. , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

The humoral immune response to tumor‐associated antigens (TAA) in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy can vary considerably. This variability is inherent from patient to patient and is also dependent on the type of assay used to measure patient antibody response to tumors. In this investigation four serological techniques, complement‐dependent antibody‐mediated cytotoxicity, immune adherence, complement fixation, and indirect membrane immunofluorescence, were used to assess the humoral immune response in melanoma patients receiving specific immunization with cultured allogeneic melanoma cell vaccine.

Two different patterns of antibody response were elicited. One was directed against TAA and oncofetal antigens (OFA) and the other was against HLA antigens. The sensitivity and reactivity varied among the different techniques suggesting that one test or technique may not be sufficient to evaluate critically a patient's response to immunotherapy.
Mandible preservation in the treatment of cancer of the floor of the mouth
Authors: Beecroft Wayne A. , Sako Kumao , Razack Mohamed S. , Shedd Donald P.
Published: February 2007

A segmental anterior mandibulectomy causes severe functional disability and cosmetic problems. Many methods of reconstruction have been used but none of these procedures provides the ideal solution. There has been increasing interest in the possibility of preserving a portion of the anterior mandibular arch and still carrying out an adequate surgical excision to control the primary tumor. Over a 15‐year period, 251 patients with cancer of the floor of mouth were seen and treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Of this group, 34 patients underwent a marginal mandibular resection as part of their curative surgical treatment. The complication rate was acceptable and the 5‐year determinate survival rate was 84%. The local control rate was excellent with only one patient developing an intraoral recurrence which was successfully treated with radiation. It is felt that these data support the theory that conservative mandibular surgery can be carried out in selected cases without jeopardizing the concept of a good cancer operation.
Development of a cancer prevention‐detection clinic
Authors: Mettlin Curtis , Boyle Michele , Michalek Arthur
Published: February 2007

Control of cancer through risk reduction and early detection has great potential. Roswell Park Memorial Institute's Prevention‐Detection Center addresses a community need for health promotion, disease prevention, and cancer detection as well as providing opportunity for research on the efficacy of such a program. The Prevention‐Detection Center offers a range of services including education, genetic counseling, risk assessment, counseling in smoking cessation and other means of risk reduction, and screening for cancer. It is also involved in evaluation of new technologies of cancer detection such as the ultrasonic examination of the breast. A community outreach program is aimed at attracting high‐risk populations. In its first eighteen months of operation; the Prevention‐Detection Center detected 24 confirmed cancers. The Center is used by approximately 60 persons each week. Interviews with persons using the clinic over a two‐week period indicate that most are motivated to attend because a relative has had cancer or because of a belief in the importance of regular checkups. Client satisfaction with the clinic is high. Although many of the activities of the Prevention‐Detection Center have a research dimension, many of its activities and services are suited to the community ambulatory health care setting.
Sarcoma of the buttock: A trend toward limb‐saving resection
Authors: Gerson Robert , Shiu Man H. , Hajdu Steven I.
Published: February 2007

A retrospective comparison was made between soft tissue sarcomas of the buttock treated during two consecutive periods at one institution: (1) 1966‐1978, during which almost all tumors were treated by radical buttectomy with limb preservation, often in conjunction with radiation therapy, and (2) 1934‐1966, as previously reported by Wanebo et al, in which treatment by hemipelvectomy was frequently offered. Desmoid tumors were excluded. The five‐year survival rates after curative treatment were almost identical, 40% vs 39%, respectively. Distant metastases were the main cause of death. Very high local recurrence rates were recorded after therapy: 45% vs 39% for the respective periods. Local recurrences seemed prone to occur with large, deeply fixed sarcomas, particularly when inadequate or no radiation therapy had been utilized. These observations point to the need for innovative methods to prevent local tumor recurrence and a trial of adjuvant chemotherapy if long‐term cure with limb preservation is to be achieved.
Hyperthermic regional perfusion with melphalan and a combination of melphalan and actinomycin D in the treatment of locally metastasized malignant melanomas of the extremities
Authors: Martijn H. , Oldhoff J. , Koops H. Schraffordt
Published: February 2007

From September 1969 through 1979, 68 patients with already locally metastasized malignant melanomas of the extremities were treated by hyperthermic regional perfusion and local excision(s). Of these, 53 patients could be evaluated after a follow‐up of at least 2 years: 31 had been perfused with melphalan and 22 with melphalan in combination with actinomycin D. Local recurrence rates were about the same in both groups: 32 versus 33%. The same applied to the symptom‐free interval between perfusion and local recurrence: about 12 versus about 13 months. Virtually all recurrences in both groups (90 versus 85%) were seen within 2 years. The interval between perfusion and systemic metastization was also roughly the same: about 25 versus about 23 months. These results indicate the need for better chemotherapeutics in order to achieve further improvement. The results of these perfusions were otherwise by no means disappointing, and hyperthermic regional perfusion is indicated in the treatment of patients with locally metastasized malignant melanomas.
Acute appendicitis as a sign of a colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Arnbjörnsson Einar
Published: February 2007

The relationship of acute appendicitis occurring previous to cancer in colon and rectum was studied in the consecutive records of 561 patients, of 40 years of age and older, operated upon with an appendectomy because of acute appendicitis. Sixteen (2.9%) of these patients were readmitted within three years because of a carcinoma in colon or rectum. The incidence of carcinoma in the colon and rectum in the population, of the same age, is only 0.1%, according to the Swedish Cancer Registry (1). This difference is statistically significant. Where acute appendicitis and colon carcinoma co‐exist, the danger is that the carcinoma may be missed. Therfore, any patient over the age of 40 presenting with acute appendicitis should be carefully checked for carcinoma in the colon.
Antigen specificity of squamous cancers of the head and neck based on tumor site using the slide leukocyte adherence inhibition assay
Authors: Taylor S. G. , Safford P. C.
Published: February 2007

Patients with a diagnosis of squamous cancer of the upper aerodigestive (UAD) system were tested with extracts of squamous cancer arising from several regions of the UAD tract and compared to various control populations, using the slide leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay. Seven tumor extracts were tested. Twenty‐five of 77 tests (32%) were positive in unselected UAD squamous cancer patients. However, matching patients with tumor extract by the site of origin within the UAD tract, 19 of 22 tests (86%) were positive when the site of origin was identical for leukocyte donor and extract. Two of four patients tested with an extract prepared from a different site within the same region of the UAD system were positive; whereas only 4 of 51 tests (8%) were positive in patients tested with an extract from a cancer arising from a different region within the UAD tract (P < 0.001). One of 33 tests using patients with either no cancer (11 tests), squamous cancer of other regions (15), or adenocarcinoma (7) reacted to the extracts of UAD tract cancers. We conclude that patients with squamous cancer of the UAD tract can recognize distinct tumor‐associated antigens that are site‐specific and are non‐cross‐reactive using the LAI technique.
Lobular carcinoma arising in a fibroadenoma
Authors: Shinde S. R. , Jussawalla D. J.
Published: February 2007

Lobular carcinoma arising in a fibroadenoma is a rare condition. A case is reported and relevant literature is reviewed.
Pericardial effusion as first evidence of malignancy in bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Sulkes Aaron , Weshler Zeev , Kopolovic Yuri
Published: February 2007

Two patients in whom the development of a malignant pericardial effusion lead to the diagnosis of an unsuspected bronchogenic carcinoma are presented. Pericardial involvement has rarely been described as the first manifestation of an underlying lung tumor. Histologic type in both cases was adenocarcinoma, the most commonly described pattern in this situation. In concurrence with previous reports, prognosis of patients with malignant pericardial effusion remains poor.
Primary tumors of the small bowel: A clinicopathological study of 58 cases
Authors: Gupta Saroj , Gupta Saroj
Published: February 2007

Various reviews documenting the rarity, diagnostic problems, and poor survival statistics prompted this retrospective clinicopathological study of 58 cases of primary small bowel tumors, periampullary and mesenteric tumors excluded, over a 14‐year period between 1966 and 1979 inclusive. Of these cases 36 were male and 22 were female, ranging in age from 13 to 65 years. Initially, the symptoms were vague and ill defined. Prominent clinical features were: intermittent abdominal pain (64%), loss of weight (62%), abdominal lump (53%), and chronic bleeding (7%). Routine barium meal examination and laboratory investigations were not helpful in preoperative diagnosis. Of these tumors 28 were benign and 30 malignant, with the commonest benign and malignant tumors being leiomyoma and lymphoma, respectively. The commonest site of involvement was the ileum both for benign and malignant lesions. None of the benign tumors was found in the duodenum. All patients with benign tumors, discovered either at laparotomy for intestinal obstruction or during surgical procedures for other diseases, had excision of the tumor through enterotomy or resection of small bowel with end‐to‐end anastomosis. Of 30 patients with malignant tumors, 12 underwent resection of the growth and end‐to‐end anastomosis. Of the remaining 18 unresectable cases, 7 had by‐pass procedures and 11 had only biopsy. All patients of benign tumors are well without any gastrointestinal symptoms. All the malignant cases, except three cases of adenocarcinoma and two of lymphoma who underwent resection, died within 5 years. The 5‐year survival of only 8.6% in malignant tumors indicates the necessity of an early exploratory laparotomy in doubtful cases with vague abdominal symptoms. A bold interventionist approach should improve the otherwise dismal outlook of malignant small bowel tumors.
The relation between the status of adaptive system and the number of postoperative complications in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: The effect of phenazepam
Authors: Ostroumova M. N. , Simonov N. N. , Kovalev V. K. , Bernstein M. I.
Published: February 2007

The decrease in 11‐hydroxycorticosteroids concentration caused by 0.5 mg of dexamethasone administered at 11 pm was studied in 91 primary patients suffering from gastrointestinal cancer. In dexamethasone‐resistant patients postoperative complications developed in 65% of colon cancer patients and in 42% of stomach cancer patients. In dexamethasone‐sensitive patients the complications were observed in 24% and 12% of patients, correspondingly. The elevation of hypothalamic threshold of sensitivity to the inhibiting effect of glucocorticoids, revealed by the dexamethasone suppression test, was considered to be a result of a combined action of age, the tumor itself, and pronounced emotional stress during the preparation for operation. The derivative of benzodiazepin ‐ phenazepam ‐ when administered before the operation in colon cancer patients improved the results of the dexamethasone suppression test and decreased the number of postoperative complications.
Squamous cell carcinoma arising in branchiogenic cyst branchial cleft carcinoma
Authors: Jablokow Victor R. , Kathuria Satinder , Wang Taishine
Published: February 2007

Squamous cell carcinoma that developed in branchial cleft cyst in a 53‐year‐old male is described. The tumor was focally invasive. The tumor fulfilled criteria advocated by Martin for substantiating carcinoma as primary in the branchial cleft cyst.

The patient has survived for 4.5 years after radical neck dissection and radiation without manifesting primary or recurrent tumor locally or elsewhere.

One of the major critera in diagnosing squamous cell carcinoma as primary tumor in the branchiogenic cyst is to prove that it has arisen in normal epithelial lining [2, 3].

In our case there is transition of the tumor from normal squamous epithelial lining of the cyst to malignancy.
Concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy of selected head and neck squamous cell carcinomas using bleomycin and hydroxyurea: A southwest oncology group study
Authors: Cruz Anatolio B. , Perkins Matilda , Aust J. Bradley , Coltman Charles A. , Pollard Ester B. , Fletcher William S. , Kennedy Peter , Lehane Daniel E. , Mira Joaquin , McCracken Joseph D. , Sorgen Stephen D. , Page Carey P. , Pendleton Olga J. , Reddy Eashwer , Sapp Joan , Smith Frank
Published: February 2007

Forty‐three patients with Stage III or IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with simultaneous hydroxyurea and bleomycin in four treatment levels and with full‐dose radiotherapy. Complete responses ranged from 28 to 50% (P = .47), and complete plus partial responses ranged from 57 to 84% (P = .50), in a total of 33 patients. The primary toxicity was moderate to severe mucositis and minimal leukopenia. Despite good initial response, long‐term survival duration was not greater than was that for historical controls.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma with a 14‐year survival: A case report and electronmicroscopic study
Authors: Klima Marcella , Spjut Harlan J. , Bossart Mattie I. , Frazier O. Howard , Cooley Denton H.
Published: February 2007

A patient with malignant pleural mesothelioma and surviving 15 years is presented. During this time she has had 15 thoractomies for removal of persistent tumor. The histological sections were reviewed from 1967–1981, and it was found that the tumor had remained essentially unchanged. Ten different specimens were examined electronmicroscopically; no ultrastructural changes were detected.
Hemangiopericytoma
Authors: Auguste Louis‐Joseph , Razack Mohamed S. , Sako Kumao
Published: February 2007

Hemangiopericytoma is a rare soft tissue tumor with unpredictable biological behavior and with a high local recurrence rate. Wide surgical excision of all lesions, whenever feasible, should be the treatment of choice.
Malignant duodenocolic fistulas: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Chang Alfred E. , Rhoads Jonathan E.
Published: February 2007

A case of primary malignant duodenocolic fistula is presented. Colonic carcinoma is the most common etiology of this entity. Clinical features include diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, and feculent vomiting. Review of the literature indicates that the treatment of choice is a right hemicolectomy with a pancreaticoduodenectomy or segmental duodenectomy if the disease is localized. Forty‐six percent of patients undergoing this procedure have been reported to be alive more than 2.5 years later. If the disease is disseminated, the best palliative procedure appears to be a right hemicolectomy with a partial duodenectomy. The early morbidity and mortality associated with this latter procedure have been attributed most often to dehiscence of the duodenal closure.
Hexamethylmelamine and melphalan as salvage therapy in advanced ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Tempero Margaret A. , Kessinger Anne
Published: February 2007

Ten patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma were treated with hexa‐methylmelamine and melphalan after failing first‐line combination chemotherapy. In eight patients residual disease was evident only at second‐look laparotomy. Surgical debulking was accomplished in four patients but only two patients had residual disease of less than 2 cm. Two of these four patients are alive without evidence of disease at 20 and 24 months. The remaining patients have expired (median survival 6 months). The combination of hexamethylmelamine and melphalan after surgical debulking at second‐look operation may improve the salvage of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Adult High‐Grade Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Mills E. E. D.
Published: February 2007

Of 12 adult patients with high‐grade soft tissue sarcoma receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and at risk for 36–84 months, 9 (75%) remain metastasis free and 10 (83%) have adequate local disease control with limb preservation. This is significantly better (P > 0.015) than a comparable “historic” control of 48 previously treated patients. The results correlate well with the few similar studies reported.
Carcinoma of the gallbladder–a natural history type of study
Authors: Jönsson Per‐Ebbe , Pettersson Bo Adrian
Published: February 2007

A retrospective analysis of the natural history of 63 consecutive patients with gallbladder cancer during 30 years at a county hospital in Sweden is presented. Dominating symptoms were pain, jaundice, weight loss, and a palpable mass. Fifty patients were subjected to surgery. Forty‐one patients had an extensive tumor spread in the abdominal cavity. Twenty‐six patients were cholecystectomized and in 24 patients biopsy from the tumor was the only measure taken. The gallbladder cancer was occult in four patients. The median survival time was 1 month in patients who underwent autopsy, 2 months in patients who were biopsied and 4 months in patients who were cholecystectomized. The overall 6‐month and 1‐year crude survival rates were 16% and 8%, respectively. Comparison with previous reports regardless of treatment reveals that the prognosis of gallbladder cancer is still dismal and unchanged.
Local skin flaps in reconstruction following excision of basal cell carcinomas of the cheek and temple
Authors: Abdel‐Fattah A. M. A.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐seven male patients had been treated surgically for basal cell carcinomas of the temple and cheek. Eighteen tumors were classically nodular, seven cystic, and two cicatricial. A safety margin of 0.5–1.0 cm in nodular and cystic tumors, and 1.0–1.5 cm in cicatricial variety has proven satisfactory. Reconstruction has been achieved by local skin flap: Limberg rhomboid flap for the temple, cheek transposition flap for the anterior portion of the cheek, combined pre‐ and postauricular transposition flaps for the middle part of the cheek and advancement flap(s) with Bürow's triangles for tumours of the preauricular region. Principles and practical points of each flap have been discussed. The proposed safety margins have been enough to clear the lesions as proved by histopathological examination. Cosmetic result has been satisfactory, and there has been no recurrence over a period of 6 months to 3 years.
Sensitivity of proliferating human breast epithelial cells to hypotonic treatment
Authors: Goldstone Stephen E. , Stanyon Roscoe , Lan Sam
Published: February 2007

An assay for colony‐forming cells of breast epithelia derived from normal and malignant surgical specimens is described using an IMR 90 fibroblast feeder layer. Their radiosensitivity (Do: 120–172) is consistent with the proliferative origin of the colonies. Distilled water inhibits proliferation of a proportion of the colony‐forming cells after a 1‐minute exposure. Continued detection of colonies after 10 minutes of exposure indicates that it is an inefficient way of completely eradicating proliferating epithelial cells of normal and malignant origin.
Chemotherapeutic treatment of the NB rat adenocarcinoma androgen‐insensitive tumor III
Authors: Drago Joseph R.
Published: February 2007

Single and combination chemotherapy were evaluated in the treatment of these Nb rat prostate adenocarcinomas. Single‐agent treatment consisted of 1,3‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea (BCNU), cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis‐platinum; the combination therapy included BCNU and adriamycin; BCNU, adriamycin, and 5‐fluorouracil; cyclophosphamide and cis‐platinum; adriamycin and cis‐platinum; and adriamycin, cis‐platinum, and cyclophosphamide. Controls had a metastatic incidence of 46%. The best results as measured by tumor volume and low incidence of metastasis were achieved with triple drug therapy utilizing adriamycin, cis‐platinum, and cyclophosphamide; and cis‐platinum and cyclophosphamide. This tumor, Nb Pr A.I. III, has proven to be the most unresponsive tumor in the Noble prostatic adenocarcinoma prostate model. No animal treated with any of the above regimes had complete tumor regression.
Hepatomas in young women on oral contraceptives: Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Gala Kirit V. , Griffin Thomas W.
Published: February 2007

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed in two women who had ingested oral contraceptives for prolonged duration. One of the patients had hepatoma restricted to the liver, and it was successfully resected. The other patient presented with metastatic HCC to the sacrum and lung, and she died after an initial response to chemotherapy in 12 months. Review of literature showed 23 previously reported cases of HCC associated with “pill” use since 1973. Although the reported instances of HCC in pill users are few in number, the majority of affected females were in their 20s and early 30s, without any preexisting liver disease. Even though the risk of developing HCC on oral contraceptives is low, this association adds to the list of complications induced by oral contraceptives in premenopausal women. Two cases are reported and literature reviewed.
Synchronous bilateral primary germ cell tumors of the testis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Hoekstra H. J. , Mehta D. M. , Koops H. Schraffordt
Published: February 2007

Synchronous bilateral primary germ cell tumors of the testis are exceedingly rare. The most common synchronous testicular tumors are seminomas, followed by embryonal carcinomas, teratocarcinomas, and choriocarcinomas. In a series of 385 patients we found nine with bilateral primary germ cell tumors of the testis (2.3%), including one with synchronous involvement of both testes. The treatment of synchronous bilateral primary germ cell tumors of the testis is in principle the same as that of solitary testicular primary germ cell tumors, and is based on tumor histology and tumor metastasis.