bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Wearable Aqueous Metal‐Air Batteries: From Configuration Design to Materials Fabrication
Authors: Li Han , Chen Jun , Fang Jian
Published: February 2023

With the increasing popularity of personal wearable electronic devices used for healthcare, entertainment, and sports applications, the corresponding energy supply and space adaptability of devices are required to meet higher standards. Owing to large energy densities and intrinsic safety, wearable aqueous metal‐air batteries have shown great potential to be energy storage/conversion integrated systems for wearable electronic devices characterized by long‐term low‐power operation. In contrast to non‐aqueous electrolytes, aqueous‐based electrolytes exhibit greater ionic conductivity, higher operational safety, lower cost, and superior environmental benignity, making them more suitable for a wearable power source. Herein, the most recent advances in wearable aqueous metal‐air battery systems are comprehensively summarized from the viewpoint of configuration design, materials fabrication, and property optimization. Specifically, the rational design of wearable battery configurations, including sandwich‐type, cable/fiber‐type, coplanar‐type, and integrated coplanar‐type configurations, are first discussed, followed by a detailed discussion of constituent components, including flexible air cathode, flexible anode, and quasi‐solid‐state gel electrolyte in wearable metal‐air batteries. Finally, the existing technical hurdles and recommended future research perspectives of wearable aqueous metal‐air battery systems are proposed to stimulate the broader interest of interdisciplinary researchers and try to shed some light on future advancement.
High‐Efficiency Quasi‐2D Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Using a Dual‐Additive Strategy Guided by Preferential Additive‐Precursor Interactions
Authors: Xu Yushuai , Tang Zixun , Guo Yuhang , Wang Qian , Chen Liang , Chen Hongbo , Wang Dapeng , Xie Zhiyuan
Published: February 2023

Quasi‐2D perovskites are promising emitters in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their natural quantum well (QW) structure and tunable exciton binding energy. Synergistic regulation of the defect passivation and QW width distribution of quasi‐2D perovskites is crucial to achieve high‐performance perovskite‐based LEDs. Herein, a combination of two additives, i.e., 3‐(diaminomethylidene)‐1,1‐dimethylguanidine (Metformin) and 1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaoxacyclooctadecane (Crown) having preferential interactions with different quasi‐2D perovskite precursors is proposed to synergistically passivate the defects and regulate the QW width distribution of quasi‐2D perovskites. Metformin additive interacts strongly with lead bromide, mainly passivating the defects. Crown additive has preferential interactions with organic spacer phenethylammonium bromide, which dominates the QW width distribution and induces quasi‐2D perovskites with uniform dimensions. The dual additives of Metformin and Crown interact preferentially with distinct precursors, allowing to regulate the QW width distribution and defect density of quasi‐2D perovskites synergistically. A photoluminescence quantum yield as high as 91.5% is achieved for the quasi‐2D perovskite prepared with the dual‐additive strategy. Moreover, high‐efficiency quasi‐2D perovskite LEDs were successfully fabricated with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 21.3% and a maximum luminance over 30 000 cd m−2. This work provides a preferential interaction‐guided dual‐additive strategy to fabricate high‐efficiency quasi‐2D perovskite LEDs without anti‐solvent treatment.
A Fast Self‐Powered Solar‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetector Realized by Ga2O3/GaN PIN Heterojunction with a Fully Depleted Active Region
Authors: Chen Wencheng , Xu Xiangyu , Li Minghang , Kuang Siliang , Zhang Kelvin H. L. , Cheng Qijin
Published: February 2023

Ga2O3 is a wide bandgap semiconductor suitable for solar‐blind photodetection, but there exist two issues for Ga2O3‐based photodetectors: first, it is difficult to achieve reliable p‐type Ga2O3 and therefore form a homojunction photodetector, and the other is related with the slow response speed of Ga2O3‐based photodetectors. In this work, a self‐powered solar‐blind photodetector with a fast response using a p‐GaN/i‐Ga2O3/n‐Ga2O3 (pin) heterojunction with a fully depleted active region is realized, where i‐Ga2O3 serves as the main light‐absorbing active region. The device exhibits good self‐powered characteristics with a high responsivity of 72 mA W−1, a high photo‐to‐dark current ratio of 18 800, a high specific detectivity of 3.22 × 1012 Jones, and a fast response speed with a rise time/decay time of 7 ms/19 ms, respectively, without an external power supply. A detailed study of the interfacial electronic structure between p‐GaN and i‐Ga2O3 reveals a conduction band offset and valence band offset of 0.16 and 1.37 eV, respectively. Meanwhile, it has a large built‐in potential of 1.03 eV and a wide depletion region width of 235 nm in the i‐Ga2O3 side of heterojunction. It is believed that excellent device performance comes from a suitable energy band structure and wide depletion region.
Regulation of Self‐Trapped Excitons in an Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Cu(I) Halide with Mixed Halogens for Use in Advanced Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Fang Shaofan , Du Aixuan , Zhou Bo , Liu Zexiang , Nie Jingheng , Wang Ye , Zhong Haizhe , Hu Hanlin , Li Henan , Shi Yumeng
Published: February 2023

Low‐dimensional Cu‐based halides exhibit considerable potential as luminescent materials owing to their efficient exciton emissions originating from strongly localized charge carriers. However, the luminescence processes of multiple self‐trapped excitons (STEs) in Cu‐based halides with mixed halogens have not been systematically studied. In this study, a novel single crystal, MACuBrI (MA = methylammonium), with mixed anions and a 1D chain structure is successfully synthesized. MACuBrI displays two different STE luminescences at room and low temperatures, which forms different STE structures through breaking CuBr or CuI bonds. Therefore, MACuBrI is adopted as an ink in an anticounterfeiting strategy to realize multiple encryption effects, which may clearly identify and authenticate the substrate under ultraviolet light irradiation and even after low‐temperature treatment. This discovery may deepen the understanding of the STE emission mechanism and provide a novel pathway for the development of Pb‐free metal halides with remarkable luminescence performances.
Highly Efficient Purely Organic Phosphorescence Light‐Emitting Diodes Employing a Donor–Acceptor Skeleton with a Phenoxaselenine Donor
Authors: Chen Zijian , Li Mengke , Gu Qing , Peng Xiaomei , Qiu Weidong , Xie Wentao , Liu Denghui , Jiao Yihang , Liu Kunkun , Zhou Jiadong , Su Shi‐Jian
Published: February 2023

Purely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials generally exhibit low phosphorescence quantum yield (ϕP) and long phosphorescence lifetime (τP) due to the theoretically spin‐forbidden triplet state. Herein, by introducing a donor–acceptor (D–A) skeleton with a phenoxaselenine donor, three nonaromatic amine donor containing compounds with high ϕP and short τP in amorphous films are developed. Besides the enhanced spin–orbit coupling (SOC) by the heavy‐atom effect of selenium, the D–A skeleton which facilitates orbital angular momentum change can further boost SOC, and severe nonradiative energy dissipation is also suppressed by the rigid molecular structure. Consequently, a record‐high external quantum efficiency of 19.5% are achieved for the RTP organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) based on 2‐(phenoxaselenin‐3‐yl)‐4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (PXSeDRZ). Moreover, voltage‐dependent color‐tunable emission and single‐molecule white emission are also realized. These results shed light on the broad prospects of purely organic phosphorescence materials as highly efficient OLED emitters especially for potential charming lighting applications.
Surface Unsaturated Sulfur Modulates Pt Sub‐Nanoparticles on Tandem Homojunction CdS for Efficient Electron Extraction
Authors: Tang Yuan , Jia Xiaofang , Guo Yuchen , Geng Zikang , Wang Chunyang , Liu Lequan , Zhang Junying , Guo Wanqian , Tan Xin , Yu Tao , Ye Jinhua
Published: February 2023

The metal‐semiconductor interfacial photocarrier extraction and utilization are crucial for boosting photocatalytic activity, and the construction of interfacial chemical bonds to anchor the metal active sites is an emerging direction to facilitate interfacial photocarrier extraction. Herein, interfacial PtS bonds are designed via an in situ photoreduction to precisely anchor Pt sub‐nanoclusters (SNCs) on the tandem homojunction CdS (Pt‐CdSx‐T). The optimized Pt0.02‐CdSx‐T photocatalyst exhibits an impressive hydrogen evolution rate of 854.2 µmol h−1 with an apparent quantum yield of 43.55% at 470 nm, which is nearly 13 times that of pristine CdS. Systematic investigations reveal that the abundant coordination‐unsaturated S atoms on CdSx‐T act as sites to anchor Pt SNCs and the thus formed interfacial PtS bonds accelerate the metal‐semiconductor interface directional photocarriers transfer. The homojunction CdSx‐T with its tandem potential barrier promotes the separation of photocarriers via an internal electrostatic field, and the metal‐semiconductor interface electron transfer kinetics and H* adsorption capacity depend on the Pt SNCs size as confirmed by the surface photovoltage spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. This work affords a new perspective for the exploitation of precisely dispersed cocatalysts on homojunction catalysts to achieve high‐efficiency photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Toxicity, Leakage, and Recycling of Lead in Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Chun‐Hao , Cheng Shu‐Ning , Cheng Liang , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: February 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have developed rapidly in recent years due to their excellent photoelectric properties. Among them, lead‐based perovskite photovoltaics have shown great potential for both outdoor and indoor applications, whose power conversion efficiency and stability are much higher than that of lead‐free PSCs. However, based on results of in vivo animal studies, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotations and pathway analysis of microbiota and metabolites influenced by lead, it has been proved that lead exposure from PSCs probably causes systematic toxicity to human body. For the purpose of reducing lead leakage, some methods mainly based on polymer resin protective layers and self‐healing encapsulation have been introduced, which can increase lead capture rate up to 95% under harsh conditions. Eventually, the devices will still face damage and obsolescence, accompanied by lead leakage into the environment. Comprehensive recycling strategies are necessary to solve this problem from the root and also shorten the energy payback time for further transformation and upgrading of green energy. The vertical and in‐depth collaborative strategy for lead leakage prevention and comprehensive recycling would provide an environmentally‐friendly guarantee for the final large‐scale market of perovskite photovoltaics.
Long‐term outcomes between self‐expandable metallic stent and transanal decompression tube for malignant large bowel obstruction: A multicenter retrospective study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Matsuda Akihisa , Yamada Takeshi , Yokoyama Yasuyuki , Takahashi Goro , Yoshida Hiroshi
Published: February 2023

Aim

To compare the oncological outcomes between self‐expandable metallic stent (SEMS) as a bridge to surgery and transanal decompression tube (TDT) placement for malignant large bowel obstruction (MLBO).

Methods

A total of 287 MLBO patients who underwent SEMS (n = 137) or TDT placement (n = 150) were enrolled in this multicenter retrospective study. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) between the two groups were compared. A meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects models to calculate odd ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Postoperative complications of Clavien–Dindo grade ≥II and ≥III occurred frequently in the TDT group compared with the SEMS group (P = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively). The 3‐y OS in the overall cohort and 3‐y DFS in the pathological stage II/III cohort in the SEMS and TDT groups were 68.6% and 71.4%, and 71.0% and 72.6%, respectively. The survival differences were not significantly different in the OS and DFS analyses (P = 0.819 and P = 0.892, respectively). A meta‐analysis of nine studies (including our cohort data) demonstrated no significant difference between the SEMS and TDT groups for 3‐y OS and DFS (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.57–1.62, P = 0.89 and OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.46–1.04, P = 0.07, respectively).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that SEMS placement had no inferiority regarding long‐term outcomes, including OS and DFS, compared with TDT placement. Considering the short‐term benefits of SEMS placement, this could be a preferable preoperative decompression method for MLBO.
Co‐occurrence of Proteus syndrome and ventricular tachycardia cardiac arrest in a teenager
Authors: Ferguson Richard , Scurr Ingrid , Ours Christopher A. , Johnston Jennifer J. , Pike Katharine , Spentzou Georgia
Published: February 2023

Proteus syndrome is an extremely rare overgrowth condition caused by a somatic variant of the AKT1 gene. It can involve multiple organ systems though rarely is there symptomatic cardiac involvement. Fatty infiltration of the myocardium has been described but has not been reported to cause functional or conduction abnormalities. We present an individual with Proteus syndrome who suffered a sudden cardiac arrest.
Mechanochemical devulcanization ofEPDMrubber waste. Correlation of process parameters with sol–gel analyses and revulcanization properties
Authors: Gschwind Larissa , Jordan Carmen‐Simona , Vennemann Norbert , Susoff Markus L.
Published: February 2023

Ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) scrap was devulcanized in an internal mixer with varying amounts of dibenzamido diphenyl disulfide (DBD) at temperatures below 200°C. The devulcanization effect and sol–gel analyses of the devulcanizates, and the mechanical properties of the sulfur‐cured revulcanizates were studied. Residual DBD was still present in the sol at 160°C and degraded DBD at 200°C. DBD affects the curing leading to poor properties. So, the temperature must be adjusted according to the DBD concentration to obtain a superior recyclate for sealing systems. At 0.4 wt% DBD, the degradation reaction was already complete at 120°C, but only 52% and 61% of the tensile strengthσand strain at breakεof the virgin material were achieved. At 160°C and 2 wt%, the degradation reaction was complete, and the DBD effect on properties was small; 65% and 86% ofσandεwere recovered, respectively. To prevent property degradation, 200°C was required at 3.9 wt% DBD, resulting in 97% and 95% ofσandε, but only 70% of hardness.
Amplification of blue emission of Tm3+ ions in Li2O‐HfO2‐SiO2 glass system by means of Au0 metallic particles
Authors: Devi Pilli Pavani Koteswari , Sekhar Ayyagari Venkata , Kumar Valluri Ravi , Baskaran Gnanamuthu Sahaya , Venkatramaiah Nutalapati , Kumar Vandana Ravi , Veeraiah Nalluri
Published: February 2023

Li2O‐HfO2‐SiO2‐Tm2O3:Au2O3 glass samples (containing fixed content of Tm2O3 and different concentration of Au2O3) were prepared and characterized. Bearing of Au0 metallic particles (MPs) on improving blue emission of thulium ions (Tm3+) ions was explored. Optical absorption (OA) spectra exhibited multiple bands excited from 3H6 of Tm3+. Additionally, a broad peak in the wavelength range 500–600 nm due to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Au0 MPs was noticed in the spectra. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra (of thulium free glasses) indicated a peak in the visible range due to sp → d electronic transition of Au0 MPs. Luminescence spectra of Tm3+ and Au2O3 co‐doped glasses exhibited intense blue emission with substantial increase of intensity with increase of Au2O3 content. Bearing of Au0 MPs on the reinforcement of blue emission of Tm3+ was discussed in detail with kinetic rate equations.
Psychosocial factors impacting barriers and motivators to cancer genetic testing
Authors: Hanson Erika N. , Delacroix Emerson , Austin Sarah , Carr Grant , Kidwell Kelley M. , Bacon Elizabeth , Gerido Lynette Hammond , Griggs Jennifer J. , Stoffel Elena M. , Resnicow Ken
Published: February 2023

Background

Only a small proportion of patients who qualify for clinical genetic testing for cancer susceptibility get testing. Many patient‐level barriers contribute to low uptake. In this study, we examined self‐reported patient barriers and motivators for cancer genetic testing.

Methods

A survey comprised of both new and existing measures related to barriers and motivators to genetic testing was emailed to patients with a diagnosis of cancer at a large academic medical center. Patients who self‐reported receiving a genetic test were included in these analyses (n = 376). Responses about emotions following testing as well as barriers and motivators prior to getting testing were examined. Group differences in barriers and motivators by patient demographic characteristics were examined.

Results

Being assigned female at birth was associated with increased emotional, insurance, and family concerns as well as increased health benefits compared to patients assigned male at birth. Younger respondents had significantly higher emotional and family concerns compared to older respondents. Recently diagnosed respondents expressed fewer concerns about insurance implications and emotional concerns. Those with a BRCA‐related cancer had higher scores on social and interpersonal concerns scale than those with other cancers. Participants with higher depression scores indicated increased emotional, social and interpersonal, and family concerns.

Conclusions

Self‐reported depression emerged as the most consistent factor influencing report of barriers to genetic testing. By incorporating mental health resources into clinical practice, oncologists may better identify those patients who might need more assistance following through with a referral for genetic testing and the response afterwards.
Design, Synthesis of 3‐(5‐Substituted Phenyl‐[1,3,4]oxadiazol‐2‐yl)‐1H‐indole and Its Microbial Activity
Authors: Suryawanshi Manohar D. , Suryawanshi Ganesh D. , Mhaske Pravin C. , Karpe Dnyaneshwar G. , Kamble Komal R. , Rode Sagar J. , Sudrik Vilas A. , Lawande Shamrao P.
Published: February 2023

Fischer indole synthesis of indole by using phenyl‐hydrazine and acetaldehyde resulted 1H‐Indole while phenyl‐hydrazine reacted with malonaldehyde gives 1H‐Indole‐3‐carbaldehyde. Also Vilsmeier‐Haack formylation of 1H‐Indole gives 1H‐Indole‐3‐carbaldehyde. 1H‐Indole‐3‐carbaldehyde were oxidized to form 1H‐Indole‐3‐carboxylic acid. 1H‐Indole reacted with excess of BuLi at −78 °C using dry ice also gives 1H‐Indole‐3‐carboxylic acid. Obtained 1H‐Indole‐3‐carboxylic acid was converted to ester and ester in to acid hydrazide. Finally 1H‐Indole‐3‐carboxylic acid hydrazide reacted with substituted carboxylic acid gives microbial active indole substituted oxadiazoles. Synthesized compounds 9a–j showing promising in vitro anti microbial activities against S. aureus bacteria compared with Streptomycin. Compound 9a, 9f and 9g showing activities against E. coli compared with standards. Compound 9a and 9f are found potent active against B. subtilis compared with reference standard while compound 9a, 9c and 9j active against S. typhi.
Radius‐Maumenee syndrome: A case series with a long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Elksne Eva , Steiner Veit , Hohensinn Melchior , Reitsamer Herbert A. , Lenzhofer Markus
Published: February 2023

The aim of the case series is to highlight the surgical challenges experienced like failed intervention, choroidal effusion, a postoperative cystoid macular oedema, and describe treatment options for Radius‐Maumenee syndrome. Authors reported on 3 bilateral cases of Radius‐Maumenee syndrome which underwent medical treatment, trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C, implantation with XEN45, Ahmed glaucoma valve, Baerveldt glaucoma implant, and cyclophotocoagulation.
Sporadic unilateral papillary renal cell carcinoma masquerading pyelonephritis: A case report
Authors: Guguloth Mohan Nayak , Manzoor Juhi , Kuchana Sai Kiran , Suvvari Tarun Kumar , Gopu Anthony Reddy , Kunden Vikram Das , Bhattarai Sashank , Anand Ayush
Published: February 2023

Hidden renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not evident during severe inflammation such as acute pyelonephritis. We presented a 62‐year‐old male presenting with features of obstructive pyelonephritis managed with simple nephrectomy. However, the histopathology findings suggested unilateral papillary RCC. Our case showed that RCC might present with features of obstructive pyelonephritis.
Doctoral students’ experiences of nondisclosure with their dissertation chair
Authors: Cook Ryan M. , Crabtree Rachel , Sackett Corrine R. , Baylin Andrea , Sharma Jyotsana
Published: February 2023

We examined doctoral students’ experiences of nondisclosure with their dissertation chairs. Using a hermeneutic phenomenology design, we analyzed two individual interviews of 10 doctoral students. We identified the following three themes: (a) the professional dynamics in the relationship, (b) the interpersonal and cultural dynamics in the relationship, and (c) prioritization of completing the dissertation. Implications for doctoral students and dissertation chairs are discussed.
Can Copper(I) and Silver(I) be Hydrogen Bond Acceptors?
Authors: Andris Erik , Straka Michal , Vrána Jan , Růžička Aleš , Roithová Jana , Rulíšek Lubomír
Published: February 2023

Gold(I) centers can form moderately strong (Au⋅⋅⋅H) hydrogen bonds with tertiary ammonium groups, as has been demonstrated in the 3AuCl+ (3+=1‐(tert‐butyl)‐3‐phenyl‐4‐(2‐((dimethylammonio)methyl)phenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ylidene) complex. However, similar hydrogen bonding interactions with isoelectronic silver(I) or copper(I) centers are unknown. Herein, we first explored whether the Au⋅⋅⋅H bond originally observed in 3AuCl+ can be strengthened by replacing Cl with Br or I. Experimental gas‐phase IR spectra in the ∼3000 cm−1 region showed only a small effect of the halogen on the Au⋅⋅⋅H bond. Next, we measured the spectra of 3AgCl+, which exhibited significant differences compared to its 3AuX+ counterparts. The difference has been explained by DFT calculations which indicated that the Ag⋅⋅⋅H interaction is only marginal in this complex, and a Cl⋅⋅⋅H hydrogen bond is formed instead. Calculations predicted the same for the 3CuCl+ complex. However, we noticed that for Ag and Cu complexes with less flexible ligands, such as dimethyl(2‐(dimethylammonio)phenyl)phosphine (L7H+), the computations predict the presence of the respective Ag⋅⋅⋅H and Cu⋅⋅⋅H hydrogen bonds, with a strength similar to the Au⋅⋅⋅H bond in 3AuCl+. We, therefore, propose possible complexes where the presence of (Ag/Cu)⋅⋅⋅H bonds could be experimentally verified to broaden our understanding of these unusual interactions.
Marigold Flower‐Shaped Metal–Organic Framework Supported Manganese Vanadium Oxide Electrocatalyst for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reactions in an Alkaline Medium
Authors: Ji Seong‐Min , Muthurasu Alagan , Kim Hak Yong
Published: February 2023

The electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key process in many renewable energy systems. The development of low‐cost, long‐lasting alternatives to precious‐metal catalysts, particularly functional electrocatalysts with high activity for OER processes, is crucial for reducing the operating expense and complexity of renewable energy generating systems. This work describes a concise method for generating marigold flower‐like metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) aided manganese vanadium oxide via a hydrothermal procedure for increased OER activity. As synthesized MOF MnV oxide has a higher surface area due to the 3D flower‐like structure, which is reinvented with enhanced electrocatalytic active sites. These distinctive structural features result in remarkable catalytic activity for MOF MnV oxide microflowers towards OER with a low overpotential of 310 mV at 50 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope with only 51.4 mV dec−1 in alkaline conditions. This study provides a concise method for developing an optimized catalytic material with greater morphology and beneficial features for potential energy and environmental applications.
High‐risk human papillomavirus 16/18 associated with improved survival in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ramkumar Shreya P. , Simpson Matthew C. , Adjei Boakye Eric , Bukatko Aleksandr R. , Antisdel Jastin L. , Massa Sean T. , Osazuwa‐Peters Nosayaba
Published: February 2023

Background

There has been conflicting evidence on the independent prognostic role of human papillomavirus (HPV) status in sinonasal cancer. The objective of this study was to assess whether the survival of patients with sinonasal cancer differs based on various HPV statuses, including HPV‐negative, positive for the high‐risk HPV‐16 and HPV‐18 (HPV16/18) subtypes, and positive for other high‐risk and low‐risk HPV subtypes.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, data from the National Cancer Database were extracted from the years 2010–2017 for patients who had primary sinonasal cancer (N = 12,009). The outcome of interest was overall survival based on HPV tumor status.

Results

Study included an analytic cohort of 1070 patients with sinonasal cancer who had confirmed HPV tumor status (732 [68.4%] HPV‐negative; 280 [26.2%] HPV16/18‐positive; 40 [3.7%] positive for other high‐risk HPV; and 18 [1.7%] positive for low‐risk HPV). HPV‐negative patients had the lowest all‐cause survival probability at 5 years postdiagnosis (0.50). After controlling for covariates, HPV16/18‐positive patients had a 37% lower mortality hazard than HPV‐negative patients (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.82). Patients aged 64–72 years (crude prevalence ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51–0.86) and 73 years and older (crude prevalence ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.31–0.59) presented with lower rates of HPV16/18‐positive sinonasal cancer than those aged 40–54 years. In addition, Hispanic patients had a 2.36 times higher prevalence of non‐HPV16/18 sinonasal cancer than non‐Hispanic White patients.

Conclusions

These data suggest that, for patients with sinonasal cancer, HPV16/18‐positive disease may confer a significant survival advantage compared with HPV‐negative disease. Other high‐risk and low‐risk HPV subtypes have survival rates similar to the rates for HPV‐negative disease. HPV status might be an important independent prognostic factor in sinonasal cancer that could be used in patient selection and clinical decisions.
A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate Absolute Bioavailability and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of Savolitinib in Healthy Male Volunteers
Authors: Miah Kowser , Vishwanathan Karthick , Scarfe Graeme , Li Yan , Hara Indira , Cantarini Mireille , Argue John , Menakuru Somasekhar R.
Published: February 2023

Savolitinib is an oral MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with demonstrated preliminary efficacy in several cancer types. Previous pharmacokinetics assessments showed that savolitinib is rapidly absorbed but there are limited data on the absolute bioavailability and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of savolitinib. This open‐label, two‐part, phase 1 clinical study (NCT04675021) used a radiolabeled micro‐tracer approach to evaluate absolute bioavailability and a traditional approach to determine the ADME of savolitinib in healthy male adult volunteers (N = 8). Pharmacokinetics, safety, and metabolic profiling and structural identification from plasma, urine, and fecal samples were also assessed. Volunteers received a single oral savolitinib 600 mg dose followed by intravenous 100 μg of [14C]savolitinib in Part 1 and a single oral 300 mg [14C]savolitinib dose (≤4.1 MBq [megabecquerel] [14C]) in Part 2. Following Part 1, absolute oral bioavailability was 69%, the median time of maximum observed concentration was 3.5 hours, and the mean terminal half‐life was 6.1 hours. Following Part 2, 94% of the radioactivity administered was recovered, with 56% and 38% in urine and feces, respectively. Exposure to savolitinib and metabolites M8, M44, M2, and M3 accounted for 22%, 36%, 13%, 7%, and 2%, respectively, of plasma total radioactivity. Approximately 3% of the dose was excreted as unchanged savolitinib in urine. Most savolitinib elimination occurred via metabolism by several different pathways. No new safety signals were observed. Our data show that the oral bioavailability of savolitinib is high and the majority of savolitinib elimination occurs via metabolism and is excreted in the urine.
Self‐Induced and Progressive Photo‐Oxidation of Organophosphonic Acid Grafted Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Gys Nick , Pawlak Bram , Marcoen Kristof , Reekmans Gunter , Velasco Leticia F. , An Rui , Wyns Kenny , Baert Kitty , Zhang Kaimin , Luntadila Lufungula Léon , Piras Alessandra , Siemons Laurens , Michielsen Bart , Van Doorslaer Sabine , Blockhuys Frank , Hauffman Tom , Adriaensens Peter , Mullens Steven , Meynen Vera
Published: February 2023

While synthesis‐properties‐performance correlations are being studied for organophosphonic acid grafted TiO2, their stability and the impact of the exposure conditions on possible changes in the interfacial surface chemistry remain unexplored. Here, the impact of different ageing conditions on the evolution of the surface properties of propyl‐ and 3‐aminopropylphosphonic acid grafted mesoporous TiO2 over a period of 2 years is reported, using solid‐state 31P and 13C NMR, ToF‐SIMS and EPR as main techniques. In humid conditions under ambient light exposure, PA grafted TiO2 surfaces initiate and facilitate photo‐induced oxidative reactions, resulting in the formation of phosphate species and degradation of the grafted organic group with a loss of carbon content ranging from 40 to 60 wt %. By revealing its mechanism, solutions were provided to prevent degradation. This work provides valuable insights for the broad community in choosing optimal exposure/storage conditions that extend the lifetime and improve the materials′ performance, positively impacting sustainability.
Heed OCR's guidance to prevent discrimination related to pregnancy
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2023

Following a general uptick in complaints of pregnancy‐related discrimination submitted to the Office for Civil Rights, a new resource clarifies the legal responsibilities of colleges and universities in this area. The recently published document provides guidance for avoiding discrimination involving pregnancy and related conditions under Title IX (bit.ly/3TsbJHm).
Applying Learning Sciences to Health Professions Education
Authors: Selva‐Rodriguez Ashley M. , Triano Sarah
Published: February 2023

It is well‐known that a neurodivergent approach to pedagogy is grounded in universal design principles for learning (UDL). Given the pace and volume of the curricula in health professions programs, the use of UDL principles in the classroom is imperative to support students with disabilities (SWD). When instructors draw on principles of UDL and the learning sciences, they enhance learning opportunities while honoring the time barriers that may deter them from implementing new teaching practices.
Clinical signs in the jaw and neck region following whiplash trauma—A 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Böthun Alicia , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta , Stålnacke Britt‐Marie , Wänman Anders , Nordh Erik , Lampa Ewa , Hellström Fredrik
Published: February 2023

Background

Pain in the orofacial region is often reported after whiplash trauma. However, prospective studies evaluating clinical signs related to orofacial pain and disability in whiplash populations are rare. The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical signs related to pain and dysfunction in orofacial and neck regions after whiplash trauma, in a short‐ and long‐term perspective.

Methods

In total, 84 cases (48 women) diagnosed with neck distortion after a car accident and 116 controls (68 women) were examined within 1 month, and 49 cases (27 women) and 71 controls (41 women) were re‐examined 2 years later. Outcome measures were pain on palpation of jaw and neck muscles and maximal jaw opening. Analysis was performed using mixed‐models.

Results

Cases and women were at higher risk for pain on palpation of jaw muscles (OR:7.7; p < 0.001 and OR:3.2; p = 0.010 respectively) and neck muscles (OR:12.7; p < 0.001 and OR:2.9; p = 0.020 respectively) but with no significant effect of time. Cases and women also had lower maximal jaw opening (−3.1; p = 0.001 and −3.3; p = 0.001 respectively). There was no significant time effect, but a significant interaction between cases and time (2.2; p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Individuals with a whiplash trauma present a higher risk for pain on palpation in jaw and neck muscles both in a short‐ and long‐term perspective, but show normal jaw movements. No time effect suggests that cases do not spontaneously improve nor get worse. Investigating pain on palpation in the jaw and neck muscles after whiplash trauma can identify individuals at risk for developing long‐term orofacial pain and dysfunction.

Significance

Orofacial pain is often reported after whiplash trauma but most previous studies concerning orofacial pain in whiplash populations have been questionnaire studies. Cases with a previous whiplash trauma and women, in general, had higher risk for pain on palpation in the jaw and neck region. Investigating pain on palpation after a whiplash trauma can help to identify individuals at risk of developing long‐lasting pain in the orofacial region.
swPHoToNs: Toward trillion‐body‐scale cosmologicalN‐body simulations on SunwayTaihuLightsupercomputer
Authors: Liu Zhao , Wang Qiao , Lv Xiaojing , Liu Xu , Meng Hongsong , Zhu Guanghui , Gao Liang , Fu Haohuan , Yang Guangwen
Published: February 2023

CosmologicalN‐body simulations have been essential for astronomers to study the formation of nonlinear structures and hypotheses of dark matter, dark energy, etc. The scale of the problem naturally leads to extreme scenarios with billions or even trillions of particles, thus demanding massive computational power and highly efficient algorithms. In this paper, we present swPHoToNs, a Particle‐Mesh (PM) and Fast Multipole Method‐ (FMM) based code that can perform cosmological simulations with trillions of particles efficiently on the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer. Our design includes three novel optimizations: (1) a multilevel domain decomposition and dynamic load‐balancing scheme; (2) a pipeline strategy for tree traversal and gravity calculation; (3) optimizations for both computation and MPI kernels with consideration of the hardware features. We manage to conduct cosmological simulations which contain up to 1.6 trillion particles, obtaining a sustained performance of 56.3 PFlops with a weak‐scaling parallel efficiency of 80.9% and a computational efficiency of 44.9%.
A 3D map of the lingual artery—The perfect tool for transoral robotic surgeries on the base of tongue
Authors: Ostrowski Patryk , Szczepanek Elżbieta , Niemczyk Kazimierz , Bonczar Michał , Michalczak Mateusz , Batko Jakub , Krawczyk‐Ożóg Agata , Wojciechowski Wadim , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz
Published: February 2023

Background

Knowledge about the anatomy of the lingual artery (LA) is of immense importance when performing procedures on the base of tongue (BOT).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed to establish morphometric data of the LA. The measurements were performed on 55 consecutive patients who underwent head and neck computed tomography angiographies (CTA).

Results

A total of 96 LAs were analyzed. Additionally, a three‐dimensional heat map (showing the oropharyngeal region from the lateral, anterior, and superior point of view) of the occurrence of the LA and its branches was created.

Conclusion

The length of the main trunk of the LA was measured to be 31.94 ± 11.44 mm. This reported distance is thought to be a surgical safe zone when performing transoral robotic surgery (TORS) on the BOT because it represents the area where the LA does not give off any major branches.
Quantifying the impacts of hydraulic infrastructure on tropical streamflows
Authors: Nguyen Binh Quang , Kantoush Sameh A. , Saber Mohamed , Binh Doan Van , Vo Ngoc Duong , Sumi Tetsuya
Published: February 2023

Hydraulic infrastructures, such as reservoirs and water diversion channels, cause altered streamflow worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the coupled impacts of reservoir operations and water transfer on downstream streamflow over 42 years (1979–2020) for a tropical river in Vietnam, the Vu Gia Thu Bon (VGTB). We also quantified variations in the multi‐sub‐basin contributions to the water budget associated with hydraulic structure development. Therefore, a semi‐distributed hydrological model, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), was developed for the entire VGTB basin considering two plausible scenarios: with a dam and without a dam. In this study, reservoirs substantially affected the streamflow during the 2011–2020 period when 12 cascading hydropower dams were constructed in the Vu Gia sub‐basins. The cascading reservoirs across the Vu Gia River reduced the annual average streamflow by 28.1% during this period, whereas their influence was augmented by 13.9% at reaches further downstream. In contrast, the local reservoir and flow diversions created on the Thu Bon River resulted in a 6.5% increase in streamflow. The upstream reservoir operation significantly increased streamflow at the midstream stations by 27.8% compared to the no‐dam period. The streamflow decreased in the dry season by 5.6% in the Vu Gia sub‐basins and increased by 61.7% in the Thu Bon sub‐basins. However, the impacts decreased in the wet season by 41.3% due to the operation of reservoirs, in which Dak Mi 4 had the most significant influence. It was found that the water diverted to the Thu Bon River was governed and reduced by the cascading hydropower dams. Therefore, the operation of 11 reservoirs has partially compensated for the lost water in the Vu Gia sub‐basins, to which the Dak Mi 4 plant has transferred 19.7 m3/s (14%). Our findings classify the impact of cascading dams and diversion structures and their interaction with climate change.
Training home visitors in mentalization‐based practice: A qualitative case study of clinical supervision in mothering from the inside out
Authors: Peacock‐Chambers Elizabeth , Clark Maria Carolina , Moran Michael , Lowell Amanda , Zayde Amanda
Published: February 2023

Attachment‐based interventions are important for improving parent‐child outcomes. These interventions must be scaled and made available to under‐resourced communities. An important part of scaling these interventions is delineating and reproducing high‐quality training, including clinical training which often requires the completion of a supervised case. However, descriptions and guidelines for clinical training are frequently broad or not available in the literature. A detailed description of clinical training could lead to further research to improve the effectiveness and dissemination of evidence‐based interventions. Mothering from the Inside Out (MIO) is an attachment‐based parenting intervention effective at reducing substance use and depression, improving caregiving, and enhancing child attachment. It is now being brought from research to community settings. This paper outlines the didactic and clinical training components of MIO. We then present a qualitative case study of one community‐based counselor participating in the clinical training of MIO and employ qualitative methods to describe the main themes that arose during the training. We aim to illustrate how the trainer assisted the counselor in implementing the core components of MIO, which included (a) refining the language used in MIO sessions, (b) making space to explore mental states, and (c) addressing trauma. We conclude by presenting the implications of these findings.
Research advances in probiotic fermentation of Chinese herbal medicines
Authors: Zhang Xiaoling , Miao Qin , Pan Chengxue , Yin Jia , Wang Leli , Qu Lingbo , Yin Yulong , Wei Yongjun
Published: February 2023

Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) have been used to cure diseases for thousands of years. However, the bioactive ingredients of CHM are complex, and some CHM natural products cannot be directly absorbed by humans and animals. Moreover, the contents of most bioactive ingredients in CHM are low, and some natural products are toxic to humans and animals. Fermentation of CHM could enhance CHM bioactivities and decrease the potential toxicities. The compositions and functions of the microorganisms play essential roles in CHM fermentation, which can affect the fermentation metabolites and pharmaceutical activities of the final fermentation products. During CHM fermentation, probiotics not only increase the contents of bioactive natural products, but also are beneficial for the host gut microbiota and immune system. This review summarizes the advantages of fermentation of CHM using probiotics, fermentation techniques, probiotic strains, and future development for CHM fermentation. Cutting‐edge microbiome and synthetic biology tools would harness microbial cell factories to produce large amounts of bioactive natural products derived from CHM with low‐cost, which would help speed up modern CHM biomanufacturing.
5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural multimers induce pseudo‐allergic reaction through FcεRI at high doses
Authors: Lu Jiayu , Hou Yajing , Si Min , Zhu Qiumei , Jia Xin , Lv Yuexin , Wang Cheng , He Huaizhen
Published: February 2023

Under acidic and high temperature conditions, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) converted from sugar further produces dimers (Compound II) and trimers (Compound III). The polymers were less reported, and sensitization effect of them was reported in this study. Compounds II and III induced the local and systemic anaphylaxis effect in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis mice model and activated RBL‐2H3 cell inducing [Ca2+] mobilization, resulting in the release of β‐hexosaminidase and histamine in vitro. The gene knockdown assay figured out that Compounds II and III induced degranulation through FcεRI. Further, Compounds II and III had a certain affinity with FcεRI by cell membrane chromatography and may combine on the “proline sandwich” structure indicated by molecular docking. All above suggested Compounds II and III can induce pseudo‐allergic reaction through FcεRI in vivo and in vitro. Our work provides basic research to prove that the newly discovered 5‐HMF transformants, Compounds II and III, induce pseudo‐allergic reaction in vitro and in vivo through FcεRI, which is different pathway from 5‐HMF. In foods with high sugar content, the sensitization of Compounds II and III needs more attention. In high‐sugar foods and medicines, especially traditional Chinese medicine injections, the content of transformants needs to be detected.
Research progress on the cellular toxicity caused by microplastics and nanoplastics
Authors: He Tongwei , Qu Yi , Yang Xinhan , Liu Lingxiao , Xiong Fei , Wang Daqin , Liu Manman , Sun Rongli
Published: February 2023

Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles of a diameter of less than 5 mm and a major carrier of pollution. In accordance with its diameter range, MPs can be divided into microplastics (100–5 mm) and nanoplastics (<100 nm). In recent years, in addition to the impact of MPs on the environment, the ways in which MPs affect the body has also attracted continuous attention. However, relevant studies on the cytotoxicity of MPs are not comprehensive. Based on the current research, this paper summarizes four main cytotoxic mechanisms of MPs, inducing oxidative stress, damaging cell membrane organelles, inducing immune response, and genotoxicity. Generally, MPs cause cytotoxicity such as oxidative stress, damage to cell membranes and organelles, activation of immune responses, and genotoxicity through mechanical damage or induction of cells to produce reactive oxygen species. Understanding these toxic mechanisms is helpful for the evaluation and prevention of human toxicity of MPs. This paper also analyzes the limitations of current research and prospects for future research into cellular MPs, with the aim of providing a scientific basis and reference for further research into the toxic mechanism of MPs.
Prostate cancer tissue classification by multiphoton imaging, automated image analysis and machine learning
Authors: Gomes Egleidson F. A. , Paulino Junior Eduardo , de Lima Mário F. R. , Reis Luana A. , Paranhos Giovanna , Mamede Marcelo , Longford Francis G. J. , Frey Jeremy G. , de Paula Ana Maria
Published: February 2023

Prostate carcinoma, a slow‐growing and often indolent tumour, is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among men worldwide. The prognosis is mainly based on the Gleason system through prostate biopsy analysis. However, new treatment and monitoring strategies depend on a more precise diagnosis. Here, we present results by multiphoton imaging for prostate tumour samples from 120 patients that allow to obtain quantitative parameters leading to specific tumour aggressiveness signatures. An automated image analysis was developed to recognise and quantify stromal fibre and neoplastic cell regions in each image. The set of metrics was able to distinguish between non‐neoplastic tissue and carcinoma areas by linear discriminant analysis and random forest with accuracy of 89% ± 3%, but between Gleason groups of only 46% ± 6%. The reactive stroma analysis improved the accuracy to 65% ± 5%, clearly demonstrating that stromal parameters should be considered as additional criteria for a more accurate diagnosis.
Sciatic nerve injury regeneration in adult male rats using gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)/poly(2‐ethy‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOx) hydrogel containing 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP)
Authors: Nemati Mahand Saba , Jahanmardi Reza , Kruppke Benjamin , Khonakdar Hossein Ali
Published: February 2023

One of the most important parts of the body is the peripheral nervous system, and any injuries in this system may result in potentially lethal consequences or severe side effects. The peripheral nervous system may not rehabilitate the harmed regions following disabling disorders, which reduce the quality of life of patients. Fortunately, in recent years, hydrogels have been proposed as exogenous alternatives to bridge damaged nerve stumps to create a useful microenvironment for advancing nerve recovery. However, hydrogel‐based medicine in the therapy of peripheral nerve injury still needs a lot of improvement. In this study, GelMA/PEtOx hydrogel was used for the first time to deliver 4‐Aminopyridine (4‐AP) small molecules. 4‐AP is a broad‐spectrum potassium channel blocker, which has been demonstrated to increase neuromuscular function in patients with various demyelinating disorders. The prepared hydrogel showed a porosity of 92.2 ± 2.6% after 20 min, swelling ratio of 456.01 ± 2.0% after 180 min, weight loss of 81.7 ± 3.1% after 2 weeks, and good blood compatibility as well as sustainable drug release. MTT analysis was performed to assess the cell viability of the hydrogel and proved that the hydrogel is an appropriate substrate for the survival of cells. In vivo studies were performed for functional analysis and the sciatic functional index (SFI) as well as hot plate latency results showed that the use of GelMA/PEtOx+4‐AP hydrogel enhances the regeneration compared to the GelMA/PEtOx hydrogel and the control group.