bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paper spray mass spectrometry: A new drug checking tool for harm reduction in the opioid overdose crisis
Authors: Vandergrift Gregory W. , Gill Chris G.
Published: August 2019

Fentanyl and related psychoactive substances are at the forefront of the opioid overdose crisis, for which a complete solution is not immediately obvious. Drug testing for harm reduction may be an effective approach to both reduce overdoses and importantly, engage people who use drugs (PWUD) with the medical system. Paper spray mass spectrometry (PS‐MS) is an ambient ionization strategy that is uniquely suited to address this complicated analytical task. This perspectives article presents the merits of PS‐MS, with a focus upon the current state of its use as a candidate drug checking strategy for harm reduction. PS‐MS is inherently sensitive and selective, with detection limits in the picogram range. It requires small drug samples (~1 mg) for quantitative drug testing, critical to encourage pre‐consumption measurements by PWUD in the context of a harm reduction strategy. Calibrations obtained in surrogate drug matrices containing highly concentrated primary drugs demonstrate comparable sensitivities, a wide calibration range, and minimal matrix effects. PS‐MS can be interfaced with high‐resolution MS for non‐targeted analysis, allowing the identification of novel psychoactive substances as they appear in street drugs. Individual quantitative PS‐MS measurements for drug testing can be done in 1 minute or less, resulting in high sample throughput. Significant advancement in mass spectrometer miniaturization and mobilization has concomitant benefits for direct, on‐site drug checking, such as reduced cost, simplified maintenance and ease of use by less skilled operators. While PS‐MS technology continues to rapidly advance, it is our opinion that PS‐MS can be utilized as an effective tool for harm reduction in the opioid overdose crisis.
MFLRS‐RDF technique for optimal sizing and performance analysis of HRES
Authors: RaguRaman Lingamuthu , Ravindran Mariappan
Published: August 2019

An optimum HRES size and performance using upgraded optimization technique is proposed in this paper. The upgraded optimization technique is the joint execution of moth flame optimization (MFO) with the integration of local random search (LRS) called MFLRS and random decision forest (RDF), and hence it is named as MFLRS‐RDF technique. Minimization of the life‐cycle cost of the HRES subject to some constraints by adjusting decision variables namely, photovoltaic area, swept area of wind turbines, fuel consumption of the biodiesel generator, and a number of batteries is the main objective of the proposed approach. The inputs for the design of HRES are solar radiation, wind speed, demand for load, and temperature that vary in time. In the proposed technique, the RDF optimally predicts the load demand based on the historical dataset. In light of the forecasted load demand, the MFLRS technique provides an optimal configuration of HRES. For enhancing the updating function of MFO, the LRS technique is utilized. Furthermore, the proposed technique optimizes the various parameters such as system total cost, various sources power generation, the contribution of various sources, continuity of supply to the unmet load, and load demand. HRES' parameters are optimized with the proposed strategy, and the proposed strategy provides a reliable solution. The proposed strategy is implemented on the working platform of MATLAB/Simulink. The HRES performance is evaluated using comparative analysis with existing techniques.
Cumulative Trauma Exposure, Emotion Regulation, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Incarcerated Women
Authors: Konecky Emily M. , Lynch Shannon M.
Published: August 2019

Incarcerated women report high rates of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emotion regulation has been identified as a potential mechanism that contributes to the association between trauma exposure and PTSD severity. The present study examined associations among cumulative trauma exposure, emotion regulation difficulties, and current (30‐day) PTSD in 152 randomly selected women in prison. Utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM), results indicated cumulative trauma was significantly associated with emotion regulation difficulties, β = .31,SE =.13,p  = .005; and PTSD symptom severity, β = .41,SE =.14,p  = .005. We identified a significant indirect effect, 0.11,z= 2.37,p= .018, of emotion regulation on the association between cumulative trauma exposure and severity of current PTSD symptoms. These findings are consistent with previous longitudinal research suggesting that emotion regulation is significantly affected by trauma exposure, and they support previously identified associations between emotion regulation difficulties and severity of PTSD. Further, these findings have the potential to inform current efforts to identify and implement effective PTSD‐focused interventions with incarcerated women. In particular, it appears that emotion regulation skills may be an important component of effective PTSD focused interventions for this population.
Second‐Trimester Ultrasound‐Measured Umbilical Cord Insertion–to–Placental Edge Distance: Determining an Outcome‐Based Threshold for Identifying Marginal Cord Insertions
Authors: Wax Ian R. , Cartin Angelina , Craig Wendy Y. , Pinette Michael G. , Wax Joseph R.
Published: August 2019

Objectives

We sought to study potential diagnostic criteria for marginal placental cord insertions as determined by associations with obstetric outcomes.

Methods

This single‐center retrospective cohort investigation included singleton gestations delivering from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016, and having a standard or detailed fetal ultrasound examination from 18 weeks to 21 weeks 6 days. Cord insertion–to–placental edge distances were used to create a referent comparison group and 3 patient groups: greater than 3.0 cm (comparison); greater than 2.0 to 3.0 cm (group 1); greater than 1.0 to 2.0 cm (group 2); and 1.0 cm or less (group 3). The primary outcome consisted of any one of spontaneous delivery before 37 weeks, fetal growth restriction, oligohydramnios, placental abruption, or intrauterine fetal demise.

Results

The numbers of participants and mean distances ± SDs for the comparison group and groups 1 to 3, respectively, were 628 and 4.68 ± 1.17 cm, 106 and 2.52 ± 0.26 cm, 131 and 1.60 ± 0.29 cm, and 77 and 0.36 ± 0.37 cm, respectively. The primary outcome was significantly associated only with cord insertion–to–placental edge distances of 1.0 cm or less (adjusted odds ratio, 3.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.73–5.38).

Conclusions

Marginal cord insertions may be diagnosed when the cord insertion–to–placental edge distance is 1.0 cm or less.
Mixing processes in small arctic lakes during spring
Authors: Cortés Alicia , MacIntyre Sally
Published: August 2019

Small ice‐covered lakes are stratified by temperature and solutes. Using time series measurements and profiles of temperature, specific conductance (SC), and dissolved oxygen obtained during spring 2014 and 2015, we identified the physical processes occurring under the ice and at ice‐off in two ~ 2 ha, 10‐m‐deep arctic lakes. The lakes are distinguished from other freshwater, ice‐covered lakes by solutes initially stabilizing the density stratification when temperature decreased in the lower water column and, with one exception, stabilizing it during warming. With an ice cover 1 m thick, wind‐forced internal waves occurred, with 2nd vertical mode waves prevalent where stratification was weak. Snowmelt induced near‐surface chemical stratification such that diurnal thermoclines formed with stable temperature stratification in a ~ 4‐m‐thick layer. Horizontal exchange was mediated by internal waves and gravity currents induced by greater heating near shore and as incoming snowmelt displaced water in shallow regions. Toward ice‐off, the gravity currents reduced temperature stratification between the snowmelt‐induced near‐surface pycnocline and the bottom pycnocline but slight increases in SC precluded radiatively driven convection. Snowmelt retention was greater with rapid spring heating. The lakes did not mix by ice‐off. With moderate winds, Wedderburn numbers decreased below 3 at ice‐off, and the near‐surface pycnocline upwelled and then deepened due to internal wave‐induced mixing. The concomitant downward mixing of heat caused a rapid onset of thermal stratification, and that, combined with incomplete mixing under the ice, led to persistence of near‐bottom depletion in oxygen and increased density and dissolved solutes.
Hydrogen embrittlement of the 7B05‐T5 aluminum alloy for high‐speed trains
Authors: Shen Lin , Chen Hui , Che Xiaoli , Xu Lidong
Published: August 2019

The effect of hydrogen cathodic charging on the mechanical behavior of the 7B05‐T5 aluminum alloy has been studied. The hydrogen susceptibility of the 7B05‐T5 aluminum alloy was evaluated by slow strain rate tensile testing. The tensile tests revealed that the ductility of the 7B05‐T5 aluminum alloy decreased when charged cathodically for 96 hr with a constant current density of 2 mA/cm
2. The charged 7B05‐T5 aluminum alloy exhibited pitting corrosion at the surface layers and brittle intergranular fracture at the deeper layers of the alloy. The decrease in the ductility of the aluminum alloy was attributed to hydrogen‐reducing atomic binding force.
Chitosan‐g‐Polyester Microspheres: Effect of Length and Composition of Grafted Chains
Authors: Demina Tatiana S. , Sevrin Chantal , Kapchiekue Carmen , Akopova Tatiana A. , Grandfils Christian
Published: August 2019

Hydrophobic segments made of oligo(l,l‐ or d,l‐lactides) or poly(l,l‐lactide) are grafted onto chitosan backbone in order to use their amphiphilic behavior to prepare degradable microcarriers intended to be used for tissue engineering. Hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of these copolymers is adjusted playing on the respective length of their hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. Thanks to their self‐emulsifying properties, these graft copolymers are processed into microspheres in the absence of hydrophilic emulsifier commonly added in the aqueous phase of the oil/water emulsion. The copolymers containing amorphous oligolactide segments of medium length are demonstrated to be the most effective ones for microparticle fabrication. The microparticles are characterized using SEM, EDX, and FTIR. The reactivity of amine group is demonstrated using fluorescein isothiocyanate staining. The resulting microspheres disclose a porous core and a shell enriched by the hydrophilic polysaccharide moieties. Stabilization of the oil/water interface during the microsphere fabrication, total yield, size distribution, and microparticle surface morphology are mainly affected by the macromolecular features of the copolymers.
Morphological MRI investigations of the hypothalamus in 232 individuals with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gorges Martin , Kuntz Barbara , Del Tredici Kelly , Schmidt Daniel G. , Müller Hans‐Peter , Ludolph Albert C. , Dupuis Luc , Kassubek Jan
Published: August 2019

Background

The pathophysiology of the hypothalamic involvement in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well understood. The objective of this study was the quantification of hypothalamic volumes in vivo in PD.

Methods

High‐resolution T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 232 individuals with PD and 130 healthy non‐PD individuals were used for quantification of the hypothalamic volumes.

Results

The hypothalamus in PD was not atrophied, as indicated by volumetric analyses in the prospectively collected subcohort (30 PD, V = 921 ± 78 mm3 vs 30 non‐PD, V = 917 ± 67 mm3; P = 0.850) and validated in a large cohort (202 PD, V = 925 ± 88 mm3 vs 100 non‐PD, V = 932 ± 114 mm3; P = 0.602).

Conclusions

Hypothalamic involvement in PD as shown by a large body of histopathological evidence does not appear to be detectable by MRI‐based volumetric quantification. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Sacral preauricular extensions, notches, and corresponding iliac changes: New terms and the proposal of a recording system
Authors: Pany‐Kucera Doris , Spannagl‐Steiner Michaela , Argeny Stanislaus , Maurer‐Gesek Barbara , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Rebay‐Salisbury Katharina
Published: August 2019

Specific changes at the ventrosuperior margin (apex) of the ala ossis sacri—an extension or a notch and respective corresponding structures at the iliac auricular facet—were noted in female skeletons. We suggest terming them sacral preauricular extension (SPE) and sacral preauricular notch (SPN) and propose a recording system. We analysed pelvic remains from Bronze Age female and male individuals for comparison from three different sites in Austria in the course of the ongoing European Research Council‐funded project The Value of Mothers to Society. In total, 52 sacral remains from the right side and 34 from the left of female individuals, as well as 30 sacral remains from the right and 24 from the left side of male individuals, were recorded. Commonly addressed pelvic features and the newly described changes were systematically analysed. The sacral preauricular extension occurred uni‐ and, in some cases, bilaterally in females of all ages, always at the level of the terminal line, the sacral preauricular notch only unilaterally. Corresponding structures at the ilium occurred in 66.7% and 80% of the affected individuals (right/left side, respectively). In total, a sacral preauricular extension was found on the right side in 13.5% and on the left side in 14.7% of the Bronze Age females, and 9.6% was affected by a notch. The observed changes were not found in males. We argue that the observed changes stand in a causal relationship with pregnancy and birth events. The hormonally induced ligament laxening during pregnancies causes an increased movement in the sacroiliac joint. Postural changes encouraged by weight gain can cause balance shifts that may lead to the observed bony extensions at the sacroiliac apex. The sacral preauricular notch may be related to birthing events at an early age. We present a nomenclature, a detailed description of the morphological modifications, and propose a recording system.
Quantitative Image Analysis of Fractal‐Like Thin Films of Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Zhu Weikun , Mohammadi Erfan , Diao Ying
Published: August 2019

Morphology modulation offers significant control over organic electronic device performance. However, morphology quantification has been rarely carried out via image analysis. In this work, we designed a MATLAB program to evaluate two key parameters describing morphology of small molecule semiconductor thin films: fractal dimension and film coverage. We then use this program in a case study of meniscus‐guided coating of 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) under various conditions to analyze a diverse and complex morphology set. The evolution of morphology in terms of fractal dimension and film coverage was studied as a function of coating speed. We discovered that combined fractal dimension and film coverage can quantitatively capture the key characteristics of C8‐BTBT thin film morphology; change of these two parameters further inform morphology transition. Furthermore, fractal dimension could potentially shed light on thin film growth mechanisms. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1622–1634
Impressive response to nivolumab of non‐small‐cell lung cancer containing sarcomatoid components
Authors: Ota Takahiro , Niho Seiji , Kirita Keisuke , Ishii Genichiro , Tsuboi Masahiro , Goto Koichi
Published: August 2019

We present two cases of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) treated with Nivolumab. A 57‐year‐old man presented with a 3.5‐cm mass in the left lower lobe. Left lower lobectomy and lymph node dissection were performed. Histological diagnosis was stage IIIA (pT2bN2M0) PPC. The tumour relapsed two months later and he was treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel, but his condition became progressive and nonresponsive after one cycle. We used nivolumab as second line. Repeat chest X‐ray showed impressive reduction of relapse lesions seven days after the start of nivolumab therapy. Our second case is a 50‐year‐old man who presented with a 3.7‐cm mass in the right lower lobe and submucosal tumour in the colon. Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy (EBUS‐TBNA) and colon biopsy yield the diagnosis of PPC and metastatic colon cancer. He was treated with cisplatin plus pemetrexed. His disease proved resistant and we used nivolumab as second line. He showed partial response following four cycles.
Primary pleural synovial sarcoma with repeated resection leading to long‐term survival
Authors: Katsurada Naoko , Ohnishi Hisashi , Ikeda Miho , Jimbo Naoe , Hatakeyama Yukihisa , Okamura Kayoko
Published: August 2019

Primary pleural synovial sarcoma is a malignant tumour and thought to be more aggressive than synovial sarcoma which occurs in extremities. Its treatment strategy has not been fully established because of its rarity. We report a primary pleural synovial sarcoma case which achieved a long‐term survival with repeated surgery of recurrent pleural tumour. A 39‐year‐old man presented with a gradually enlarged tumour in the left hemithorax. The tumour was resected and diagnosed as primary pleural synovial sarcoma. The tumour was slowly growing and repeatedly recurrent in the left pleura. The surgical resections for the recurrent tumours were performed 6 years and 11 years after the initial surgery. Intriguingly, recurrent tumour which developed after second surgery exhibited temporally spontaneous regression. Our patient remains alive 12 years after the initial surgery. Repeated resection of metastatic lesion can achieve long survival in primary pleural synovial sarcoma.
Schwannoma arising in mediastinal lymph node diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound
Authors: Kang Lae Hyung , Shin Dong Hoon , Yoon Seong‐Hoon
Published: August 2019

Schwannoma is a peripheral nerve sheath tumour that largely originates from the posterior mediastinum. Schwannoma arising in mediastinal lymph node is extremely rare. A 53‐year‐old female was referred to our hospital for the evaluation of enlarged mediastinal lymph node. Computed tomography scan revealed a non‐enhancing soft tissue mass at Rt. paratracheal area. Endobronchial ultrasound showed a well‐defined round‐shaped lymph node and transbronchial needle aspiration was performed from this lymph node. Pathologic findings revealed spindle cells with strong S100 positivity. Complete surgical excision was done. We report a rare case of schwannoma arising in mediastinal lymph node diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound.
The branching‐course model predictive control algorithm for maritime collision avoidance
Authors: Eriksen Bjørn‐Olav H. , Breivik Morten , Wilthil Erik F. , Flåten Andreas L. , Brekke Edmund F.
Published: August 2019

This article presents a new algorithm for short‐term maritime collision avoidance (COLAV) named the branching‐course model predictive control (BC‐MPC) algorithm. The algorithm is designed to be robust with respect to noise on obstacle estimates, which is a significant source of disturbance when using exteroceptive sensors such as, for example, radars for obstacle detection and tracking. Exteroceptive sensors do not require vessel‐to‐vessel communication, which enables COLAV toward vessels not equipped with, for example, automatic identification system transponders, in addition to increasing the robustness with respect to faulty information which may be provided by other vessels. The BC‐MPC algorithm is compliant with Rules 8, 13, and 17 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), and favors maneuvers following Rules 14 and 15. Specifically, the algorithm can ignore the specific maneuvering regulations of Rules 14 and 15, which may be required in situations where Rule 17 revokes a stand‐on obligation. The algorithm is experimentally validated in several full‐scale experiments in the Trondheimsfjord in 2017 using a radar‐based system for obstacle detection and tracking. To complement the experimental results, we present simulations where the BC‐MPC algorithm is tested in more complex scenarios involving multiple obstacles and several simultaneously active COLREGs rules. The COLAV experiments and simulations show good performance.
A New Avenue to the Synthesis of Symmetrically Substituted Pyridines Catalyzed by Magnetic Nano–Fe3O4: Methyl Arenes as Sustainable Surrogates of Aryl Aldehydes
Authors: Gajaganti Somaiah , Kumar Dhirendra , Singh Sundaram , Srivastava Vandana , Allam Bharat Kumar
Published: August 2019

A straightforward strategy has designed for the efficient synthesis of 2,4,6–triarylpyridinesvia a three component reaction of acetophenone, methyl arenes and ammonium acetate. The total transformation is successfully achieved using a magnetic nano–Fe3O4. The method developed is sustainable, using low cost feed stocks, operationally simple, and provide good to excellent yields.
Designed Formation of Hybrid Nanobox Composed of Carbon Sheathed CoSe2 Anchored on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Skeleton as Ultrastable Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Baoqiang , Liu Yi , Jin Xu , Jiao Shuhong , Wang Gongrui , Peng Bo , Zeng Suyuan , Shi Liang , Li Jianming , Zhang Genqiang
Published: August 2019

Research on sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) has recently been revitalized due to the unique features of much lower costs and comparable energy/power density to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), which holds great potential for grid‐level energy storage systems. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are considered as promising anode candidates for SIBs with high theoretical capacity, while their intrinsic low electrical conductivity and large volume expansion upon Na+ intercalation raise the challenging issues of poor cycle stability and inferior rate performance. Herein, the designed formation of hybrid nanoboxes composed of carbon‐protected CoSe2 nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow skeletons (denoted as CoSe2@C∩NC) via a template‐assisted refluxing process followed by conventional selenization treatment is reported, which exhibits tremendously enhanced electrochemical performance when applied as the anode for SIBs. Specifically, it can deliver a high reversible specific capacity of 324 mAh g−1 at current density of 0.1 A g−1 after 200 cycles and exhibit outstanding high rate cycling stability at the rate of 5 A g−1 over 2000 cycles. This work provides a rational strategy for the design of advanced hybrid nanostructures as anode candidates for SIBs, which could push forward the development of high energy and low cost energy storage devices.
“You Know, I Could Trip and Fall Onto the Track!”: Inspiring Text Production
Authors: Brosseuk Deb , Exley Beryl , Neumann Michelle
Published: August 2019

The authors present the literacy pedagogical approach LAUNCH and reveal its influence on young learners as engineers of literacy learning through text production. Findings are reported from design‐based research in a case study of an Australian early years classroom. Using a qualitative orientation, data were generated from video and audio recordings, cogenerative dialogues, and artifacts. Data pertain to a 5‐year‐old boy, his teacher, and the first author in the capacity of coteacher and researcher. The authors draw attention to 11 literacy practices that afforded opportunities to give form to and express customary, everyday text production, such as drawing and writing, while introducing new, untried forms of producing text. Central to these literacy practices are pedagogic actions that conceptualize ideas about how teaching and learning text production modalities might occur in the early years of schooling.
Biosolids and sludge management
Authors: Brisolara Kari Fitzmorris , Bourgeois John
Published: August 2019

The advancements in the field of sludge and biosolids have been made over the past year. This review outlines the major contributions of researchers that have been published in peer‐reviewed journals and conference proceedings throughout 2018. The review is organized in sections including regulatory developments and market analysis; analysis and quantification of characteristics including microconstituents and metals; treatment advances for the conversion of sludge to biosolids including pretreatment and sludge minimization, conditioning and dewatering, digestion, composting, and innovative technologies; product development and reuse including adsorbents and thermal products, agricultural and other uses, and innovative uses; odor and air emissions; and energy factors.

Practitioner points

Summary of advances in the field of residuals and biosolids research in 2018.

This review outlines the major contributions of researchers that have been published in peer‐reviewed journals and conference proceedings.

Topics covered range from regulation to innovation.
Correction to: Youth Transitions among Descendants of Turkish Immigrants in Amsterdam and Strasbourg:
Authors: Keskiner Elif
Published: August 2019

This book was inadvertently published with incorrect affiliation of the author “Elif Keskiner”. It has now been updated as: Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Local Educational Landscapes in Germany: Interfaces and Interlacings Between Education and Urban Development
Authors: Coelen Thomas , Heinrich Anna J. , Million Angela
Published: August 2019

Sociopolitical discussion on education within the last decade has revealed that space and the urban context are two important dimensions of education, and that education is gaining importance for urban development. This is becoming particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Bildungslandschaften). Researchers within the German debate on local educational landscapes frequently state that there is a positive connection between education and urban development without scientifically verifying this claim. The authors of this contribution present preliminary results from a research project conducted by educationalists and urban planners from 2014 to 2016. They present the current state of the debate and scientific research on local educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and the preliminary results concerning the contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between educational policy and urban development policy.
Renormalons in quantum mechanics
Authors: Pazarbası Cihan , Van den Bleeken Dieter
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We present a nonrelativistic one-particle quantum mechanics whose perturbative S-matrix exhibits a renormalon divergence that we explicitely compute. The potential of our model is the sum of the 2d Dirac δ-potential — known to require renormalization — and a 1d Dirac δ-potential tilted at an angle. We argue that renormalons are not specific to this example and exist for a much wider class of potentials. The ambiguity in the Borel summation of the perturbative series due to the renormalon pole is resolved by the physical condition of causality through careful consideration of the iϵ prescription. The suitably summed perturbative result coincides with the exact answer obtained through the operator formalism for scattering.
The p48MW Flow Diverter—Initial Human Experience
Authors: Bhogal P. , Bleise C. , Chudyk J. , Lylyk I. , Viso R. , Perez N. , Henkes H. , Lylyk P.
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose

The use of flow diverters to treat aneurysms arising from small caliber parent vessels has been reported. This article reports the results of the first in experiences with the p48MW (p48 Movable Wire) in humans, a device specifically designed to target vessels 1.75–3 mm in diameter.

Methods

This monocentric study retrospectively reviewed the prospectively maintained database to identify all patients treated with the p48MW device between January 2017 and January 2019 at this institution. Patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, angiographic and clinical follow-up were recorded as well as complications.

Results

A total of 25 patients (20 female) with an average age of 55 ± 12.9 years (range 34–84) with 25 aneurysms were identified. The majority of the aneurysms was located in the anterior circulation (19/25, 76%). The average aneurysm dome width was 3.98 ± 3.6 mm (range 1.2–13 mm). Complete occlusion was seen in 18/24 (75%) aneurysms with neck remnants in 1/24 (4.2%) and continued aneurysm filling seen in the remaining cases (5/24, 20.8%). Adequate occlusion was seen in 79.2% of aneurysms (Raymond Roy Classification [RRC] grade I or II) during the follow-up period. There was a single technical complication with inappropriate deployment of the first p48MW. There was a single clinical complication (4%); however, the patient made a complete recovery (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0) and one patient died secondary to uncontrollable status epilepticus following acute subarachnoid hemorrhage unrelated to the treatment.

Conclusion

The p48MW is safe and effective for the treatment of aneurysms including those arising from distal vessels.
Property Rights and the Regulatory State
Authors: Vraciu Cosmin
Published: August 2019

When state regulations prevent owners from certain uses of their property, is this action of the state a taking of property which requires compensation? One way of answering this problem, within a framework viewing property as a bundle of rights, is to inquire into whether the incident of use is an essential element of the bundle making up the property. Given the difficulties with figuring out what is essential and what is not, I propose an alternative solution, which does not give up the bundle-of-rights framework, but which, while assuming all incidents to be equally essential, it concentrates, instead, upon the legal entitlements conveying those incidents. I begin by arguing that while the incident of possession may be expressed by a right to exclude, the incident of use is expressed by a Hohfeldian liberty, and then I consider the consequences of this argument for the question of regulatory takings. I argue that while the liberty to use does not render the incident of use meaningless (at least, insofar as regulation of property use is concerned), there is nonetheless a significant distinction between transgressing a right and transgressing a liberty, and this implies that what it takes for an infringement of the right to exclude to be translated into a taking of the (whole) property is less than what it takes for the infringement of the liberty to use to be translated into a taking of property. As I show in the paper, we can achieve this result either by means of an argument from ‘constitutional residue’ or by means of an argument from the specification of constitutional rights.
The Authority of Law in Plato’sCrito
Authors: Hatzistavrou Antony
Published: August 2019

In this article I analyze the speech of the Laws in Plato’s Crito from a jurisprudential perspective. More specifically I explore the Laws’ views about the authority of law. I offer new interpretations of their famous ‘persuade or obey’ alternative and of their arguments about their superior moral status and the agreements of the citizens with them. I also explore the rather neglected topic of the mental attitude towards their authority that they demand from the citizens and conclude with a discussion of their understanding of the relation between law and morality. I approach the speech of the Laws as a historian of legal thought and try to locate their arguments firmly within both the context of the ancient Athenian legal system and the context of Platonic philosophy.
Competition dynamics of Parthenium hysterophorus in direct-seeded aerobic rice fields
Authors: Bajwa Ali A. , Ullah Aman , Farooq Muhammad , Chauhan Bhagirath S. , Adkins Steve
Published: August 2019

Parthenium hysterophorus is a prolific invasive weed species, which infests many crops in over 40 countries around the world. A 2-year field study was carried out to quantify the potential impacts of this weed on direct-seeded rice. Parthenium weed was allowed to compete for 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks after crop emergence, while full season weedy and weed-free plots were maintained as controls. Parthenium weed plants grew taller and attained more biomass as the competition duration prolonged. The yield and yield-related attributes of rice were negatively affected with increasing competition duration. The season-long competition caused the highest reductions in panicle number (28–34%), panicle length (26–27%), grains per panicle (22–23%) and grain yield (33 and 38%) of rice in both years. Weed competition for 2–8 weeks caused 5–34% and 6–33% losses in rice grain yield during both years, respectively. Importantly, Parthenium weed control after 8 weeks of competition did not improve rice yield significantly. The results suggested that Parthenium weed should be controlled in rice fields between 4 and 8 weeks after crop emergence under direct-seeded conditions to avoid over 10% yield losses.
JUST LIKE IN COLONIAL TIMES? ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICE AND LOCAL REFLECTIONS ON ‘GRASSROOTS NEOCOLONIALISM’ IN AUTONOMOUS AND POSTCOLONIAL DAHOMEY, 1958–65
Authors: KEESE ALEXANDER
Published: August 2019

In Dahomey (Benin) during the period of autonomy and the first years of independence, the reference to a colonial past was an important instrument and point of debate. Members of a new group of politicians used it to accuse trade union leaders to make unrealistic claims; local peasants mobilized it as their point of reference against infrastructure projects; officials discussed it to make sense of tax refusals, while locals invoked older forms of tax resistance they had practiced under colonial rule. This article follows the different relationships with the colonial past, through the regions of Abomey and Porto-Novo, and shows how these experiences were viewed by local residents and by nationalist leaders, such as Justin Ahomadegbé. It also serves as an example and an injunction to make use of the administrative postcolonial archive.
CHANGING CHILDHOOD: ‘LIBERATED MINORS’, GUARDIANSHIP, AND THE COLONIAL STATE IN SENEGAL, 1895–1911
Authors: DUKE BRYANT KELLY M.
Published: August 2019

This article focuses on formerly enslaved children at the turn of the twentieth century, exploring their contributions to discourses about childhood, labor, and stigma in Senegal's colonial towns. Drawing on records for over 1,600 so-called ‘liberated minors’, children who entered state guardianship after official recognition of their liberation from slavery, and on a variety of other sources, the article investigates both broad trends and individual experiences of work, mistreatment, conflict, and — sometimes — defiance. I argue that while many liberated minors seemed to accept their circumstances, others complained, disobeyed, or ran away, thereby challenging lingering stigmas and highlighting ways the state fell short of the anti-slavery and humane ideals touted by some officials. Attentive, insofar as records allow, to the actions and perspectives of liberated minors, the article contributes to the growing literature on the history of children and youth in Africa and to scholarship on post-emancipation societies.
Category accounts: Identity and normativity in sequences of action
Authors: Raymond Chase Wesley
Published: August 2019

This study investigates the sequentially occasioned provision of what I termcategory accountsin interaction. Category accounts tap into and make use of normative assumptions about identities and membership categories in order to explain away moments of what the participants view as category deviance. To introduce this concept, I focus on sequences in which speakers’ initiations of repair (e.g.Huh?) are oriented to as indicative of a problem of understanding. In the cases examined here, recipients of such initiations of repair treat divergence from some gender/sexuality norm as the source of the misunderstanding, which is revealed through their attempt to resolve the trouble by providing a category account, thereby closing the repair sequence and providing for the resumption of progressivity. These and similar accounting sequences are thus a means through which participants collaboratively normalize momentary departures from normativity, while at the same time reconstituting what exactly constitutes ‘normativity’ and ‘departures therefrom’, and for whom. (Gender, sexuality, identity, membership categorization, Conversation Analysis, Ethnomethodology, repair, social interaction, normativity, deviance)*
Love, Guilt, and Forgiveness
Authors: Stump Eleonore
Published: August 2019

In Simon Wiesenthal's book The Sunflower: On the Possibility and Limits of Forgiveness, Wiesenthal tells the story of a dying German soldier who was guilty of horrendous evil against Jewish men, women, and children, but who desperately wanted forgiveness from and reconciliation with at least one Jew before his death. Wiesenthal, then a prisoner in a camp, was brought to hear the German soldier's story and his pleas for forgiveness. As Wiesenthal understands his own reaction to the German soldier, he did not grant the dying soldier the forgiveness the man longed for. In The Sunflower, Wiesenthal presents reflections on this story by numerous thinkers. Their responses are noteworthy for the highly divergent intuitions they express. In this paper, I consider the conflicting views about forgiveness on the part of the respondents in The Sunflower.

I argue that those respondents who are convinced that forgiveness should be denied the dying German soldier are mistaken. Nonetheless, I also argue in support of the attitude that rejects reconciliation with the dying German soldier. I try to show that, in some cases of grave evil, repentance and making amends are not sufficient for the removal of guilt, and that reconciliation may be morally impermissible, whatever the case as regards forgiveness.
The Quest for God: Rethinking Desire
Authors: Ellis Fiona
Published: August 2019

How are we to view the nature of desire and its relation to value, humanity, and God? Sartre, Nietzsche, and Levinas have interesting things to say in this context, and they can be understood to be responding in their different ways to two seemingly opposed ways of conceiving of desire, namely, as lack or deficiency (option 1) or as plenitude or creativity (option 2). I clarify, link, and distinguish the relevant conceptions of desire, and give a sense of what it could mean to comprehend desire in either or both of these ways. I question Sartre's insistence that man is a ‘useless passion’, trace it back to his commitment to a ‘lack’ model of desire, and argue that this model, as he understands it, stands in the way of the more creative conception which is lurking in the background of his account. There will be a question of whether the atheist is entitled to this creative conception, and I shall challenge his assumption that it becomes available only when theism is overthrown. I shall suggest also that there is something important to be salvaged from the lack model.
Trump-ing Foreign Affairs: Status Threat and Foreign Policy Preferences on the Right
Authors: Blum Rachel Marie , Parker Christopher Sebastian
Published: August 2019

President Trump is often at odds with the conservative establishment over a range of issues, not least of which is foreign policy. Yet it remains unclear whether supporting “Trumpism” is commensurate with coherent foreign policy views that are distinct from conventionally conservative positions. We evaluate whether the foreign policy views of Trump’s supporters, both in the voting public and among activists, differ from those of other Republicans. We use the 2016 ANES to examine Republican primary voters and the new 2016 State Convention Delegate Study to assess Republican activists. In doing so, we reveal systematic differences in foreign policy preferences between Trump supporters and more establishment conservatives. We demonstrate that the status-threat model need not be confined to domestic politics. Indeed, it may be extended to explain foreign policy preferences on the political right, that of Trump’s supporters in the present case. In doing so, we also find evidence that status threat may well be the source of fracture in the Republican Party.
A Discussion of Kathryn Sikkink's Evidence for Hope: Making Human Rights Work in the 21st Century
Authors: Moyn Samuel
Published: August 2019

Since their emergence in the late eighteenth century, doctrines of universal individual rights have been variously criticized as philosophically confused, politically inefficacious, ideologically particular, and Eurocentric. Nevertheless, today the discourse of universal human rights is more internationally widespread and influential than ever. In Evidence for Hope, leading international relations scholar Kathryn Sikkink argues that this is because human rights laws and institutions work. Sikkink rejects the notion that human rights are a Western imposition and points to a wide range of evidence that she claims demonstrates the effectiveness of human rights in bringing about a world that is appreciably improved in many ways from what it was previously. We have invited a broad range of scholars to assess Sikkink’s challenging claims.
A Discussion of Jessica Blatt's Race and the Making of American Political Science
Authors: Masuoka Natalie
Published: August 2019

In Race and the Making of American Political Science, Jessica Blatt argues that the professionalization of the discipline was deeply entwined with ideas about racial difference, and the concomitant attempt by leading scholars to define and defend a system of racial hierarchy in the United States and beyond. Although it focuses on the period from the late nineteenth century through the 1930s, the book also raises fundamental questions about the historical legacy of racialist arguments for professional political science, the extent of their continuing resonance, and contemporary implications for both academic and broader civic discourse. We have asked a range of leading political scientists to consider and respond to Professor Blatt’s important call for scholarly self-reflexivity.
Wann und wie berücksichtigen Intensivpflegende Schmerz im Behandlungsprozess von Patientinnen und Patienten auf der Intensivstation?
Authors: Fröhlich Martin R. , Meyer Gabriele , Spirig Rebecca , Rettke Horst
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Das Schmerzmanagement ist bedeutend im Therapiespektrum der Intensivstation, doch Leitlinienempfehlungen werden nicht konsequent umgesetzt. Strategien der klinischen Argumentation und Entscheidungsfindung in Bezug auf Schmerz sind kaum beschrieben. Fragestellung und Ziel: Geleitet von der Frage „Wann und wie berücksichtigen Intensivpflegende Schmerz im Behandlungsprozess von Patientinnen und Patienten mit Bewusstseins- und kognitiven Einschränkungen?“ wollten wir deren Denk- und Handlungsmuster im Schmerzmanagement explorieren. Methode: Im Rahmen eines Mixed Methods-Forschungsprogramms zum Schmerzassessment bei nicht auskunftsfähigen Intensivpatientinnen und -patienten führten wir eine Sekundäranalyse von Daten aus der qualitativen Teilstudie mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring durch. Ergebnisse: Schmerz spielt im Behandlungsprozess eine wichtige, aber untergeordnete Rolle. Nachdem primär Vitalfunktionen stabilisiert sind, prüfen Intensivpflegende Bewusstsein und Kognition, um von der Patientin bzw. vom Patienten Informationen zu erhalten. Intensivpflegende differenzieren dann zwischen Schmerz, Angst, Stress und Unwohlsein. Sie stützen ihre Entscheidung auf Erfahrung und Intuition. Schlussfolgerung: Fortbildungen fördern Wissen und Bewusstsein der Intensivpflegenden zum Schmerzmanagement. Fremderfassungsinstrumente für Schmerz bieten valide Informationen. Sie unterstützen ein analytisches Vorgehen und damit den Kompetenzaufbau in der klinischen Argumentation und Entscheidungsfindung.
Feeling Bad and Doing Good
Authors: Watanabe Shoko , Laurent Sean M.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Previous forgiveness research has mostly focused on victims’ forgiveness of transgressors, and offenders’ post-transgression efforts intended to promote victim forgiveness have been collectively branded as apology. However, decisions concerning forgiveness frequently occur outside of dyadic contexts, and the unique roles of repentance and atonement in determining forgivability of offenders, despite their preeminence in theology and law, have received little empirical attention. Across five experiments ( N = 938), we show that repentance and atonement independently influence third-party perception of forgivability for a variety of harms, even in disinterested contexts. Our findings provide a systematic examination of decisions about forgivability disentangled from direct personal involvement, demonstrating that components of apology known to facilitate forgiveness in victims also increase perceived forgivability from unharmed observers.
Multidecadal Historical Trends in Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Evolution Characteristics for Two North Atlantic Subbasins
Authors: Ge Kelsey , Colle Brian A.
Published: August 2019

This paper investigates the relationship between long‐term trends (1980–2017) in intensity and wind evolution for tropical cyclones (TCs) within the western tropical Atlantic (WTA) and central/eastern tropical Atlantic (CETA) subbasins. Long‐term TC trends in intensity, intensification time, and wind variability for the CETA were generally more significant than, and in some cases opposite to, those for the WTA. Both the TC intensity levels, as measured by the power dissipation index normalized by storm hours and proportion of rapid intensification intervals (defined as a 12‐hr wind speed increase of 20 kt or more), exhibit no long‐term trends in either subbasin. A TC wind variability index (WVI) calculated over 72‐hr intervals of the TC lifecycle decreases for the WTA over the decades, while the CETA has the 72‐hr intervals with the greatest wind speed fluctuations. The average period of intensification before the peak in TC intensity increases ~0.97 hr/year for the CETA. TC maximum intensity exhibits no trend, suggesting that TCs in the tropical North Atlantic have a trend favoring a longer intensification period to reach their lifetime maximum intensity. A correlation analysis suggests that warmer sea surface temperatures and greater moisture favor longer intensification and greater WVI. In contrast, greater 850‐ to 200‐hPa vertical wind shear is associated with shorter intensification periods and less WVI.
Cocaine induces differential circular RNA expression in striatum
Authors: Bu Qian , Long Hailei , Shao Xue , Gu Hui , Kong Jueying , Luo Li , Liu Bin , Guo Wei , Wang Hongbo , Tian Jingwei , Zhao Yinglan , Cen Xiaobo
Published: August 2019

Circular RNA (circRNA), a novel type of endogenous non-coding RNA, plays natural miRNA sponge effect that represses the activities of corresponding miRNAs through binding with them, thus modulating transcriptional expression of genes. Recent studies indicate that circRNAs are significantly enriched in the brain and some of them are derived from synaptic protein-coding genes. In addition, miRNAs are involved in synaptic plasticity, memory formation, and cocaine addiction. However, the role of circRNAs in cocaine reward is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression profile of striatal circRNAs in the mice after cocaine self-administration. By using circRNA microarray analysis, we observed that 90 striatal circRNAs were differentially expressed in cocaine self-administering mice, of which 18 circRNAs were up-regulated and 72 down-regulated. Six circRNAs were selected randomly for validation by using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and their expression levels showed consistency with microarray analysis. We backward predicted the circRNAs and their binding sites of miRNAs associated with neuroplasticity. In functional validation test, mmu_circRNA_002381 may modulate the transcription of certain genes associated with neuroplasticity, such as limk1 and bdnf. Taken together, circRNAs may participate in cocaine behavioral effect via interacting with miRNAs. Our findings reveal a potential role of circRNAs in cocaine effect.