bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Noninvasive Assessment of Systemic and Coronary Endothelial Function
Authors: Iantorno Micaela , Hays Allison G. , Schär Michael , Krishnaswamy Rupa , Soleimanifard Sahar , Steinberg Angela , Stuber Matthias , Gerstenblith Gary , Weiss Robert G.
Published: February 2016

Background—

Normal endothelial function is a measure of vascular health and dysfunction is a predictor of coronary events. Nitric oxide-mediated coronary artery endothelial function, as assessed by vasomotor reactivity during isometric handgrip exercise (IHE), was recently quantified noninvasively with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Because the internal mammary artery (IMA) is often visualized during coronary MRI, we propose the strategy of simultaneously assessing systemic and coronary endothelial function noninvasively by MRI during IHE.

Methods and Results—

Changes in cross-sectional area and blood flow in the right coronary artery and the IMA in 25 patients with coronary artery disease and 26 healthy subjects during IHE were assessed using 3T MRI. In 8 healthy subjects, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor was infused to evaluate the role of nitric oxide in the IMA-IHE response. Interobserver IMA-IHE reproducibility was good for cross-sectional area (
R
=0.91) and blood flow (
R
=0.91). In healthy subjects, cross-sectional area and blood flow of the IMA increased during IHE, and these responses were significantly attenuated by monomethyl-
l
-arginine (
P
<0.01 versus placebo). In patients with coronary artery disease, the right coronary artery did not dilate with IHE, and dilation of the IMA was less than that of the healthy subjects (
P
=0.01). The blood flow responses of both the right coronary artery and IMA to IHE were also significantly reduced in patients with coronary artery disease.

Conclusions—

MRI-detected IMA responses to IHE primarily reflect nitric oxide-dependent endothelial function and are reproducible and reduced in patients with coronary artery disease. Endothelial function in both coronary and systemic (IMA) arteries can now be measured noninvasively with the same imaging technique and promises novel insights into systemic and local factors affecting vascular health.
Duration of Prehospital Resuscitation Efforts After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Nagao Ken , Nonogi Hiroshi , Yonemoto Naohiro , Gaieski David F. , Ito Noritoshi , Takayama Morimasa , Shirai Shinichi , Furuya Singo , Tani Sigemasa , Kimura Takeshi , Saku Keijiro
Published: February 2016

Background—

During out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, it is unclear how long prehospital resuscitation efforts should be continued to maximize lives saved.

Methods and Results—

Between 2005 and 2012, we enrolled 282 183 adult patients with bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from the All-Japan Utstein Registry. Prehospital resuscitation duration was calculated as the time interval from call receipt to return of spontaneous circulation in cases achieving prehospital return of spontaneous circulation or from call receipt to hospital arrival in cases not achieving prehospital return of spontaneous circulation. In each of 4 groups stratified by initial cardiac arrest rhythm (shockable versus nonshockable) and bystander resuscitation (presence versus absence), we calculated minimum prehospital resuscitation duration, defined as the length of resuscitation efforts in minutes required to achieve ≥99% sensitivity for the primary end point, favorable 30-day neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Prehospital resuscitation duration to achieve prehospital return of spontaneous circulation ranged from 1 to 60 minutes. Longer prehospital resuscitation duration reduced the likelihood of favorable neurological outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.838–0.844). Although the frequency of favorable neurological outcome was significantly different among the 4 groups, ranging from 20.0% (shockable/bystander resuscitation group) to 0.9% (nonshockable/bystander resuscitation group;
P
<0.001), minimum prehospital resuscitation duration did not differ widely among the 4 groups (40 minutes in the shockable/bystander resuscitation group and the shockable/no bystander resuscitation group, 44 minutes in the nonshockable/bystander resuscitation group, and 45 minutes in the nonshockable/no bystander resuscitation group).

Conclusions—

On the basis of time intervals from the shockable arrest groups, prehospital resuscitation efforts should be continued for at least 40 minutes in all adults with bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/
. Unique identifier: 000009918.
The Hebrew Vorlage of Targum Chronicles
Authors: Gottlieb Leeor
Published: February 2016

Careful study of the Aramaic text of Targum Chronicles reveals several apparent differences between the Hebrew source text upon which the targumist relied and the Masoretic text of Chronicles. This article is an attempt to identify and document these differences, resulting in four categories: differences in consonantal orthography, differences in vocalization, differences in syntactic division and the degree of conformity with Ketib/Qere. Suspected deviations of TgChron from MT were compared to other textual witnesses (primarily the Septuagint, the Peshitta and medieval Hebrew manuscripts), thus providing a broader context for textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible.
The Integration of Consonants in Greek Loanwords in Syriac
Authors: Butts Aaron Michael
Published: February 2016

The present study analyses the integration of consonants in Greek loanwords in Syriac. It is shown that in the vast majority of cases each Greek consonantal phoneme is represented by a single consonant in Syriac. Correspondences that deviate from this are usually the result of one of two causes. First, a Koinē form of Greek, instead of Attic, likely served as the source for some of the words that prima facie seem to exhibit irregular correspondences. Second, some of the seemingly irregular correspondences are due to secondary developments in Syriac. This study is based on a corpus of more than eight hundred Greek loanwords and their derivatives found in pre-eighth-century Syriac texts that were not translated from Greek.
Civil Society and Paths to Abolition
Authors: Drescher Seymour
Published: February 2016

This article explores aspects of the abolitionist movements in comparative imperial and national perspective. Contrasting the transoceanic roads to emancipation in the pioneering British and French empires, it then examines subsequent cases in Russia, the United States of America and Brazil. It attempts to assess the relative impact of civil and/or military mobilizations—or their absence—in relation to the public sphere and legislative actors. It speculates on the impact of different forms and outcomes on the legacies of abolitions.
Does Slavery Have a History?
Authors: Vlassopoulos Kostas
Published: February 2016

In the last decade the landscape of slavery studies has changed radically. Novel developments raise major new challenges for the global study of slavery. This article is an attempt to take stock of these significant developments for rethinking the history of slavery from a global viewpoint. I will be arguing that we need to set aside the essentialist understanding of slavery and the ahistorical typology of slave societies and societies with slaves in favor of an understanding of slavery as a temporally—and spatially—changing outcome of the entanglement of various processes. If slavery has no essence, but an open-ended global history, we need a new framework for conceptualizing how such a history can be written. I hope to offer an outline of such a framework, as well as a discussion of the kinds of historical change that such a narrative should include.
Jihad and the Era of the Second Slavery
Authors: Lovejoy Paul E.
Published: February 2016

The concept “second slavery” as applied to the resurgence of slavery as a factor of production in the Americas in the nineteenth century emphasizes radical changes in the economies of the Atlantic world. The expansion of slavery in the southern United States, Cuba and Brazil occurred in the context of the emergence of an independent Haiti, where slavery had once been dominant but was now abolished, and where the British shifted from being the most important nation in the slave trade to the champions of its abolition, ultimately emancipating the slaves in their colonial empire. The comparable expansion in slavery that occurred in Islamic West Africa as a result of jihad in the same era must be placed in the context of other developments in the Atlantic world. Unlike second slavery in the Americas, developments in the jihad states resulted in economic autonomy, not the growth of the global economy.
Selling Servitude, Captivating Consumers
Authors: Brickell Bellows Amanda
Published: February 2016

After the abolition of Russian serfdom and American slavery in 1861 and 1865, respectively, businesses played an important role in molding popular attitudes about post-emancipation integration processes in Russia and the United States through visual representations of serfs, peasants, slaves, and freedpeople in advertisements. Both American and Russian companies developed parallel marketing strategies by constructing advertisements that depicted African Americans and peasants in positions of servitude, which appealed to consumers who were nostalgic for an idealized rural, pre-industrial and pre-emancipation era during an age of rapid industrialization, urbanization, and geographic expansion. But Russian and American companies also pursued divergent marketing tactics that beg further consideration. While US businesses predominantly disparaged African Americans in racialized caricatures, Russian businesses sometimes depicted peasants in positions of equality relative to other citizens. What accounts for this disparity? This article examines newspaper ads, posters, broadsides, and ephemera from collections at Russian and American archives, and argues that apart from perceived racial differences in the case of US ads, dissimilarities between Russian and American population compositions, urban migration patterns, and distinct notions of national identity also explain this important distinction.
Combining Logics to Transform Organizational Agency
Authors: Dalpiaz Elena , Rindova Violina , Ravasi Davide
Published: February 2016

To understand how organizations combine conflicting institutional logics strategically to create and pursue new market opportunities, we conducted an in-depth longitudinal study of the multiple efforts of the Italian manufacturer of household goods Alessi to combine the logics of industrial manufacturing and cultural production. Over three decades, Alessi developed three different strategies to combine normative elements of the two logics, using each strategy to envision and pursue different market opportunities. By combining the logics of industrial manufacturing and cultural production, Alessi was able to envision new possibilities for value creation and to enact them through innovation in product design. The three strategies triggered a common set of mechanisms through which the purposeful combining of logics enabled the pursuit of opportunity, while each strategy structured the process differently. We develop a theoretical model linking the development of recombinant strategies to the dynamic restructuring of organizational agency and the related capacity to create and pursue new market opportunities. Our findings and theoretical insights advance understanding of the processes through which organizations challenge taken-for-granted beliefs and practices to create new market opportunities, use logics as resources to enable embedded agency, and design hybrid organizational arrangements.
Total Bilirubin Levels Predict Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients With Prediabetes
Authors: Hamur Hikmet , Duman Hakan , Demirtas Levent , Bakirci Eftal Murat , Durakoglugil Murtaza Emre , Degirmenci Husnu , Kalkan Kamuran , Yildirim Erkan , Vuruskan Ertan
Published: February 2016

Bilirubin may have important antiatherosclerotic effects. Prediabetes (PD), the intermediate stage before diabetes mellitus, is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the relationship between serum bilirubin levels and carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT), as a surrogate marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, in patients with PD. We enrolled 170 consecutive patients with PD. The patients underwent ultrasonography to evaluate cIMT. The patients were divided into groups according to cIMT values (<0.9 vs ≥0.9 mm). The patients with cIMT ≥ 0.9 mm had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and glycated hemoglobin values compared with patients having cIMT < 0.9 mm, whereas total and direct bilirubin values were significantly lower in this group. Multivariate regression analyses revealed NLR and total bilirubin as the independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis. The present study demonstrated that NLR and lower total bilirubin levels were independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with PD. Simple measures such as NRL and total bilirubin may provide predictive information regarding the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with PD.
Understanding women who self-harm: Predictors and long-term outcomes in a longitudinal community sample
Authors: Stanford Sarah , Jones Michael P , Loxton Deborah J
Published: February 2016

Objective:

There is growing awareness of the range of psychosocial, lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors related to self-harm, however this research is often limited by using cross-sectional or convenience samples. And while we generally assume that young adults who self-harm experience poorer long-term outcomes, longitudinal research is needed. This paper builds on prior research using a large, representative, longitudinal sample.

Methods:

5765 Australian women completed 5 surveys (age 18–23 to 31–36). Six-month self-harm was measured by self-report. We had two aims: firstly to predict future self-harm, separately for women with and without prior self-harm. Secondly, to identify outcomes 3 and 6 years following self-harm.

Results:

Six-month self-harm prevalence was 2.5%. Predictors among women without recent self-harm included depression, dieting behaviours, number of male sexual partners, and abuse. Among women with recent or current self-harm, predictors were number of dieting behaviours, tiredness of life, and stress. Women who self-harmed reported poorer outcomes, namely greater difficulties in relationships at 3- and 6-year follow-up.

Conclusions:

Longitudinal risk factors for self-harm differed depending on prior self-harm status, and included depression, dieting behaviours, tiredness of life and stress. These factors may serve as warning signs for new or continued self-harm. This study offers new insight into long-term outcomes up to six years after self-harm, particularly with relationships.
Preparing for community development practice: A Delphi study of Canadian occupational therapists
Authors: Leclair Leanne L. , Ashcroft Morgan L. , Canning Tamara L. , Lisowski Marla A.
Published: February 2016

Background.

Increasingly, community development is recognized as an important process for occupational therapy practice. However, occupational therapists working in community development report feeling unprepared.

Purpose.

This study aimed to identify the knowledge, skills, and experiences that occupational therapists need for practice in community development.

Method.

Using the Delphi technique, the researchers developed statements from the Round 1 ( n = 8) responses of occupational therapists involved in community development practice or scholarship. Rounds 2 ( n = 14) and 3 ( n = 12) sought to establish consensus among the occupational therapists on the areas of focus.

Findings.

Participants rated the importance of 64 statements grouped into 11 domains. After three rounds, researchers eliminated six statements by analyzing the median, interquartile range, and percentage of agreement. Participants reached consensus on 58 statements.

Implications.

Many of the competencies identified were relevant to all areas of practice, while others were specific to community development, suggesting a need for specialized education and training in this area. The results provide information that can be used to enhance the preparation of occupational therapists for practice in community development.
La (re)construction des identités religieuses / spirituelles anglicanes
Authors: Lieflander Riva
Published: February 2016

Ongoing developments in the Anglican Communion, most notably the unfolding controversy over “homosexuality,” serve as an excellent case study for the application of Peter L. Berger’s and Pierre Bourdieu’s distinctive sociological approaches to the study of religious/spiritual identity construction/reconstruction. As this case study demonstrates, Berger’s dialectically ordered “holy trinity” of externalization, objectivization, and internalization focuses primarily on social interactions, but largely ignores both power inequalities between individuals as well as the multi-layered context of social reality production/coproduction. Bourdieu’s dialectically ordered “holy trinity” of habitus, field, and capital also examines the process of social reality production/coproduction. By contrast, however, it does address sources of (unequally distributed) power between individuals and groups, and is adaptable to a more highly complexified multi-level social interactional scenario, but it tends to “crystallize” power, thereby obfuscating its socially mediated conditionality. A fuller analysis of religious pluralism requires a dialectically ordered theoretical approach which encompasses both dynamic social interactions, as well as the formation (and dissolution) of power sources within these interactions.
Peter L. Berger et la sécularisation
Authors: Desautels Éric
Published: February 2016

Discussions of the work of Peter L. Berger allow one to reclaim, to reflect and to critique his sociological thinking from a Quebecois point of view. His works, among which The Sacred Canopy (1967) is essential, open, more particularly, the door to reflection on the place of the religious in the public sphere at the beginning of the 21st century and likewise enable a response to the question of the rapid change in the religious landscape in Quebec since the end of the 1960s. In this article, we present a description of two theoretical positions developed by Peter L. Berger in the 20th century, one favourable to the thesis of secularization, the other unfavourable. These opposed positions and criticisms of them within intellectual circles will also be briefly considered. Through a typology developed from the transformation of the religious landscape in Quebec in the 20th century, questions will then be raised about recent studies on secularization in Quebec. The Quebecois case provides nuance for Berger’s classical conception, while challenging and explaining the evolution of his theoretical positions.
Advancing the efforts of the macro-level social work response against sex trafficking
Authors: Edwards Leah , Mika Karla M
Published: February 2016

This article explores the conceptualization of sex trafficking in social work, through research, theory, and policy. We will view sex trafficking from a macro level addressing the global phenomenon. Theoretical frameworks, perspectives, and models will be utilized to analyze the foundation of current policy and research. To adequately address the challenges that sex trafficking presents, social work needs to move toward a multidisciplinary approach. Social work should focus on empowering the voices of survivors in both policy and research. Survivors of sex trafficking are empowered through the increase in their value as individuals and not commodities.
Diaspora, yearning for roots and moral action
Authors: Dhesi Autar S
Published: February 2016

This article explains processes of disaporan ‘virtual village community’ (VVC) formation and its moral action. It is suggested that both self-interest and normative aspects of behaviour contribute to the formation of VVCs, centred in the ancestral place. However, social action for development becomes difficult in an evolving socio-economic environment unless core values are refurbished by realigning interests and creating new modes of interaction and communication. The intervention by morally driven members is key to mobilising VVC for development. Members’ links external to the VVC enhance its capacity to contribute to ancestral places. As most of the diaspora from South Asia are rooted in village communities back home, analysis and findings are of wider significance.
From vanguards of revolution to vanguards of consumption: Changing conceptualizations of adolescence in contemporary Vietnam and implications for adolescent/youth services
Authors: Nguyen Huong
Published: February 2016

This historical study analyzes the transformation of the concept ‘adolescence’ in post-war Vietnam (1975–2005) and its implications for social work. Government-regulated media documents show that the concept of adolescence has undergone three phases corresponding to the three political-economic shifts in Vietnam over these decades: adolescents as miniature communists (1975–1986); adolescents as growing youths characterized by romantic sentiments, puberty, and identity search (1986–1995); and adolescents as the newly coined ‘teen Viet’ and vanguards of capitalist consumption (1996–2005). Social work with Vietnamese adolescents and families must consider the impact of these conceptual shifts on thoughts, emotions, and behaviors of corresponding adolescent cohorts.
Antimicrobials Influence Bond Stiffness and Detachment of Oral Bacteria
Authors: Song L. , Hou J. , van der Mei H.C. , Veeregowda D.H. , Busscher H.J. , Sjollema J.
Published: February 2016

Oral biofilm can never be fully removed by oral hygiene measures. Biofilm left behind after brushing is often left behind on the same sites and exposed multiple times to antimicrobials from toothpastes and mouthrinses, after which removal becomes increasingly difficult. On the basis of this observation, we hypothesize that oral bacteria adhering to salivary conditioning films become more difficult to remove after adsorption of antimicrobials due to stiffening of their adhesive bond. To verify this hypothesis, bacteria adhering to bare and saliva-coated glass were exposed to 3 different mouthrinses, containing chlorhexidine-digluconate, cetylpyridinium-chloride, or amine-fluoride, after which bacterial vibration spectroscopy was carried out or a liquid-air interface was passed over the adhering bacteria to stimulate their detachment. Brownian motion–induced nanoscopic vibration amplitudes of 4 oral streptococcal strains, reflecting their bond stiffness, decreased after exposure to mouthrinses. Concurrently, the percentage detachment of adhering bacteria upon the passage of a liquid-air interface decreased after exposure to mouthrinses. A buffer control left both vibration amplitudes and detachment percentages unaffected. Exposure to either of the selected mouthrinses yielded more positively charged bacteria by particulate microelectrophoresis, suggesting antimicrobial adsorption to bacterial cell surface components. To rule out that exposure of adhering bacteria to the mouthrinses stimulated polysaccharide production with an impact on their detachment, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was carried out on bacteria adhering to an internal reflection element, prior to and after exposure to the mouthrinses. Infrared absorption band areas indicated no significant change in amount of polysaccharides after exposure of adhering bacteria to mouthrinses, but wave number shifts demonstrated stiffening of polysaccharides in the bond, as a result of antimicrobial adsorption to the bacterial cell surface and in line with changes in surface charge. Clinically, these findings suggest that accumulation of oral biofilm exposed to antimicrobials should be prevented (interdental cleaning aids, floss use), as removal becomes progressively more difficult upon multiple exposures.
‘Forget it, Jake. It’s Chinatown’
Authors: Silverstone Daniel , Whittle Joe
Published: February 2016

This article outlines the impact and changing nature of Chinese organised crime in the United Kingdom (UK). It reviews the conventional policing approaches to the problem in the UK and in China, and argues they are limited in their scope and could be substantially improved. It suggests this is possible by employing police specialists here and in-country. The evidence for the paper has been collected from interviews with the relevant law enforcement and government personnel in the UK and in China in 2010 and again in 2014–15.
The Family’s Role in the Reintegration of Formerly Incarcerated Individuals
Authors: Taylor Caitlin J.
Published: February 2016

Using data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative evaluation, this study measures the effects of perceived levels of emotional and instrumental family support on the likelihood of self-reported criminal activity and new arrests in the 15 months following release from state prison. Logistic regression models using both listwise deletion and multiple imputation are employed. Findings indicate that higher levels of emotional support are associated with a significant reduction in reoffending. Higher levels of instrumental support do not significantly predict reoffending. The findings have implications for policies and practices within the corrections system as well as post-release supervision agencies.
Behavioral Regulation, Visual Spatial Maturity in Kindergarten, and the Relationship of School Adaptation in the First Grade for a Sample of Turkish Children
Authors: Özer Serap
Published: February 2016

Behavioral regulation has recently become an important variable in research looking at kindergarten and first-grade achievement of children in private and public schools. The purpose of this study was to examine a measure of behavioral regulation, the Head Toes Knees Shoulders Task, and to evaluate its relationship with visual spatial maturity at the end of kindergarten. Later, in first grade, teachers were asked to rate the children ( N = 82) in terms of academic and behavioral adaptation. Behavioral regulation and visual spatial maturity were significantly different between the two school types, but ratings by the teachers in the first grade were affected by children’s visual spatial maturity rather than by behavioral regulation. Socioeducational opportunities provided by the two types of schools may be more important to school adaptation than behavioral regulation.
Sound insulation of multi-layer glass-fiber felts: Role of morphology
Authors: Yang Yong , Li Binbin , Chen Zhaofeng , Sui Ni , Chen Zhou , Xu Tengzhou , Li Yufang , Fu Renli , Jing Yun
Published: February 2016

Glass-fiber felts have emerged as a popular material for noise reduction. This paper investigates the effect of various morphologies (micro-layer, macro-layer and air-layer) of glass-fiber felts on sound insulation. The sound transmission loss is measured by a Brüel & Kjár (B&K) impedance tube. The results show that the sound insulation of glass-fiber felts can be improved by increasing the number of macro-layers. The comparison between the macro- and micro-layer of glass-fiber felts on sound insulation is systematically carried out. Notably, the sound transmission loss of glass-fiber felts with similar areal density and thickness favors macro-layer structures over micro-layer structures. A simple model is established to explain this phenomenon. In addition, the sound transmission loss exhibits period fluctuations due to the presence of the air-layer between glass-fiber felts, which can be theoretically explained by the resonance effect. It is found that sound transmission loss can be improved by increasing the number of air-layers.
New method for determining the bending modulus of solid and hollow fibers from deflection tests
Authors: Vas László M , Kling Sándor , Czigány Tibor , Czél Gergely
Published: February 2016

The bending moduli of solid and hollow glass fibers were determined by means of fiber deflection tests. The test method was modified by measuring both the vertical and horizontal displacements of the end of the deflected fiber, without increasing the number of tested fibers, in order to reduce the high scatter of conventional test results obtained by measuring only the vertical displacement. Upper and lower boundary curves of the fiber end displacements were determined to filter out inaccurate measurements, for example, when the neutral line of the fiber is not a plane but a spatial curve. The mean and coefficient of variation of the fiber bending modulus were estimated from the recorded coordinates of the fiber ends, applying two newly-developed statistical evaluation methods based on the individual coordinates or on their average. After comparing several evaluation methods, it was demonstrated that the individual coordinate-based method provided the least relative error of the average.
Gentrification effects of China’s urban village renewals
Authors: Wu Wenjie , Wang Jianghao
Published: February 2016

China is known in the post-cold war era for its rapid urban regeneration. Urban villages that emit negative social externalities are a unique and salient disamenity, and are central to the urban regeneration policy and planning. This paper uses micro-geographical data to explore how the extent and configuration of recently renewed urban villages in Beijing have influenced nearby housing values. Compared with locations having similar demographic characteristics, locations near urban village renewal sites experienced increases in housing values. Additional results quantify evidence in support of the heterogeneous effects from urban village renewals in affected areas versus unaffected areas.
Is empowerment a route to improving mental health and wellbeing in an urban regeneration (UR) context?
Authors: Baba Camilla , Kearns Ade , McIntosh Emma , Tannahill Carol , Lewsey James
Published: February 2016

Urban regeneration (UR) programmes are recognised as a type of Population Health Intervention (PHI), addressing social and health inequalities. Policy recommends programmes involve communities through engagement and empowerment. Whilst the literature has started to link empowerment with health improvement, this has not been within an UR context. As part of broader research on the economic evaluation of community empowerment activities, this paper examines how health gains can be generated through promoting empowerment as well as identifying whether feelings of empowerment are associated with residents personal characteristics or perceptions of their neighbourhood. Using 2011 Community Health and Wellbeing Survey (GoWell) cross-sectional data, ordinal logistic regression and simple linear regression analysis of 15 Glasgow neighbourhoods undergoing regeneration with 4302 adult householders (≥16 years old) was completed. Analyses identified strong associations ( P≥ 0.05) between empowerment and the mental health subscale of the SF12v2 and with several items of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) scale. Furthermore, residents’ who felt more empowered reported more positive attitudes towards their surroundings and housing providers. This concurs with recent evidence of the importance of residents’ psychological investments in their neighbourhood influencing their sense of place attachment. Such analyses present initial evidence of the value of investing resources within UR programmes to activities geared towards increasing residents’ empowerment as a means of producing those health gains often sought by more costly aspects of the programmes.
The impact of rail transit on the distribution of new housing projects in Beijing
Authors: Hu Ruohan
Published: February 2016

Beijing residents tend to prefer central residential locations, probably because of the centralisation of employment and high transit ridership; both factors are thought to justify rail transit investments. The Beijing government has invested heavily in rail transit in recent years. Meanwhile, new small-sized apartments are also being developed farther away from downtown. Based on data on new housing projects, difference-in-difference estimates show that, on average, station proximity increases housing price and decreases dwelling size, especially in the suburbs, although suburban households may respond to rail transit plans less sensitively. Also, in areas where there are stations, both the estimated increase, after line announcements and openings, and the estimated decrease, after groundbreakings, in prices are greater for large than for small homes, although the negative groundbreaking effects particularly tend to vary considerably across lines. Government policies that encourage small-sized housing and affordable housing to be built around suburban stations also play a significant role. Beijing’s special experience offers a chance to make intercity comparisons.
From Individual to Collective Intentionality
Authors: Arruda Caroline T.
Published: February 2016

Summary and evaluation of the aims of the collection From Individual to Collective Intentionality: New Essays edited by Sara Rachel Chant, Frank Hindriks, and Gerhard Preyer in the context of the ongoing debate about collective intentionality and group agency. The individual essays contained therein are considered both from the perspective of how they advance the collection’s goals and the coherence of their individual arguments.
Disembowelment following unsafe home delivery: Young life lost!
Authors: Godara Rajesh , Garg Pradeep , Verma Surender , Gupta Sandhya
Published: February 2016

Injuries to the bowel are seldom reported. Yet these pose serious problems associated with uterine perforation during deliveries that take place outside of hospitals. This is also true for abortions that are performed illegally in developing countries by persons without any medical training. This case study is about a 20 years old girl who lost her life following an unsafe delivery at home. To avoid morbidity and mortality associated with unsafe deliveries, it is necessary to understand the scope of this problem and the factors related to it: governments, nongovernmental organizations, religious groups and women groups.
Drug Courts and the Facilitation of Turning Points
Authors: Messer Sarah , Patten Ryan , Candela Kimberlee
Published: February 2016

Life course theory has been used to explain why people stop committing crime and/or deviant behavior. Life course theory scholars have demonstrated important life events, such as marriage, gaining employment, or joining the military, have led to reduced recidivism; however, drug courts might also legitimately be considered a turning point for an offender. This study utilized semi-structured interviews with former drug court participants ( n = 29) in an attempt to expand life course theory and demonstrate how drug courts should be considered a facilitator of “turning points” for previous criminal offenders. During the interviews, participants discussed how drug court helped them attain many important skills/ideas: self-esteem, improved relationships with family and children, a general educational development certificate, a driver’s license, and/or gainful employment. A gendered analysis demonstrates women found drug court to be more useful at facilitating turning points than their male peers. Additionally, recidivism rates for the participants were lower than similarly situated offenders at the state level. While further research is needed, this study begins to advance the expansion of life course theory.
Performing the Evidence-Based Drug Policy Paradigm
Authors: Lancaster Kari
Published: February 2016

Through the lens of performance, this paper critically examines how “evidence” and the “evidence-based policy” paradigm are constituted in drug policy processes, enacted through the telling of policy stories. I argue that policy stories do not simply describe the drug policy process, but rather frame the notion of “evidence” and “evidence-based policy” in particular ways. Drawing on two Australian case studies and interviews with policy makers, advocates, researchers, and clinicians involved in the establishment of harm reduction programs to extend distribution of injecting equipment through peer networks and make naloxone available for administration by overdose witnesses, I ask: What do participants’ accounts of drug policy perform? And what might this imply? Through this analysis of participants’ accounts, I argue that what we call “evidence” is not fixed, but rather constituted by specific performances and practices. I suggest that these performances of the evidence-based drug policy paradigm are important, as they work to make and sustain (or, at times, interfere with) a set of assumptions about knowledge and rationales for policy action. This, in turn, raises questions about how the evidence-based drug policy endeavor might be reconsidered and remade in other ways.
Towards an ethical politics
Authors: Kiloh Kathy
Published: February 2016

Jürgen Habermas’ characterization of Adorno’s project as an aestheticization of philosophy continues to influence our reading of his work. In contradiction to Lambert Zuidervaart, who suggests that in order to be understood as politically relevant, Adorno’s philosophy must be supplemented with empirical research, I argue in this article that Adorno’s work contains many of the resources we would need to theorize an ethical politics. First, it both identifies the moral debt carried by the subject and addresses the need for social transformation in order to change this situation. Second, it proposes an ethical comportment of self-relinquishment as a first step towards this reorganization of the social. The self-relinquishment of philosophy to its object is modeled upon aesthetic experience, which, according to Adorno, we must regard as a remorseful atonement for the subject’s domination of the object in its attempt to ‘wrest itself free’ ( Aesthetic Theory, 1997c: 112) of undifferentiated being. By incorporating into philosophical thought the mimetic bodily impulses tamed by aesthetic form, we may engender within ourselves a solidarity with objectivity. Rather than the self-possessing and conservative subject that constitutes its world mentally, Adorno theorizes a subject for whom thinking is a temporalization or a becoming. Thinking produces otherness within the subject itself. In this thinking-as-becoming, we see the beginnings of a highly individuated political subjectivity capable of acting in solidarity with the other. This brings us to the third element within Adorno’s philosophy that can serve us in formulating an ethical politics: the non-violent organizational principle of the modern work of art. In mobilizing the logic of the modern work of art, the autonomous individual is empowered to forge a politics that preserves contradiction in the facilitation of a non-violent relation with others.
A Higher-Than-Average Female Voice Can Cause Young Adult Female Listeners to Think About Aggression More
Authors: Zhang Jinguang
Published: February 2016

Previous research found that speakers with more attractive voices receive more favorable evaluations (aka the vocal attractiveness stereotype). But sexual selection theory predicts that, to the extent that men perceive women with higher pitched voices as more attractive, women will be more hostile toward those women because they make more threatening mate rivals. Supporting this hypothesis, Study 1 ( N = 102) showed that female participants higher in trait dominance displayed heightened aggressive cognition after being primed with a romantic (but not a control) feeling and listening to a higher- but not lower-than-average female voice. Study 2 ( N = 111) showed that this heightened aggressive cognition was activated by a long-term but not a short-term mating motive. These findings supported sexual selection theory, challenged the vocal attractiveness stereotype, and suggested a mechanism that helps maintain the honesty of female voice pitch as a mate attraction signal.
Subject to truth: Before and after governmentality in Foucault’s 1970s
Authors: Legg Stephen
Published: February 2016

In this article, I situate Foucault’s governmentality analytics between his first lecture course ( On the Will to Know, 1970–1971) and his first course after his two ‘governmentality’ lectures ( On the Government of the Living, 1979–1980). The lectures are interconnected by a shared interpretation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex as well as by different but related obsessions with the production of truth: the earlier, with truth as fact; the latter, with truth as self-relation. The former analyses discourses of truth, law, inquiry and sovereignty in ancient Greece. The latter focuses on early Christian individual manifestations of truth (baptism, penance and spiritual direction) forming a genealogy of confession and, Foucault suggests, of western subjectivity itself. This article uses the analytical categories of governmentality, usually used to analyse regimes of government, to perform a comparative reading of the lecture courses, charting the continuities and ruptures in their various studies of episteme, techne, identities, ethos and problematisations. This suggests that the earlier lectures outline the birth of the sovereign–juridical compact that modern governmentalities would emerge through and against, whereas the later lectures use the term ‘governmentality’ less, but enable the analysis of the conduct of conduct to progress to the ethical scale of self-formation.
Effects of levodopa-carbidopa-entacapone and smoked cocaine on facial affect recognition in cocaine smokers
Authors: Bedi Gillinder , Shiffrin Laura , Vadhan Nehal P , Nunes Edward V , Foltin Richard W , Bisaga Adam
Published: February 2016

In addition to difficulties in daily social functioning, regular cocaine users have decrements in social processing (the cognitive and affective processes underlying social behavior) relative to non-users. Little is known, however, about the effects of clinically-relevant pharmacological agents, such as cocaine and potential treatment medications, on social processing in cocaine users. Such drug effects could potentially alleviate or compound baseline social processing decrements in cocaine abusers. Here, we assessed the individual and combined effects of smoked cocaine and a potential treatment medication, levodopa-carbidopa-entacapone (LCE), on facial emotion recognition in cocaine smokers. Healthy non-treatment-seeking cocaine smokers ( N = 14; two female) completed this 11-day inpatient within-subjects study. Participants received LCE (titrated to 400mg/100mg/200mg b.i.d.) for five days with the remaining time on placebo. The order of medication administration was counterbalanced. Facial emotion recognition was measured twice during target LCE dosing and twice on placebo: once without cocaine and once after repeated cocaine doses. LCE increased the response threshold for identification of facial fear, biasing responses away from fear identification. Cocaine had no effect on facial emotion recognition. Results highlight the possibility for candidate pharmacotherapies to have unintended impacts on social processing in cocaine users, potentially exacerbating already existing difficulties in this population.
The Cultural Negotiation of Publics–Science Relations
Authors: Mihelich John A. , Sarathchandra Dilshani , Hormel Leontina , Craig Traci , Storrs Debbie A.
Published: February 2016

Understanding the intersections of science and publics has led to research on how diverse publics interpret scientific information and form positions on science-related issues. Research demonstrates that attitudes toward science, political and religious orientation, and other social factors affect adult interactions with science, which has implications for how adults influence K-12 STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education. Based on a statewide survey of adults in Idaho ( n = 407), a politically and religiously conservative western state, we demonstrate how attitudes toward science, measured through a composite measure “orientation toward science,” and other social factors are correlated with support for STEM education. Results show that “orientation toward science,” along with political orientation and respondents’ perceptions of feeling informed about science, predicts behavior intentions to support STEM education. Our findings suggest that a nuanced and localized approach to fostering support for K-12 STEM education would resonate with populations regardless of political orientation, and they illuminate new ways of thinking about how political orientation more generally impacts thinking about science in the context of complicated “socio-scientific relations.” In exploring how people think about science in a politically and religiously conservative state, we provide insights on potential outcomes in other states, should conservative ideology spread. We argue that the publics’ relationship with science and, by extension, support for science education, is more fluid, as many of us suspect, than ideological polemics suggest.
Devices of Lie Detection as Diegetic Technologies in the “War on Terror”
Authors: Egbert Simon , Paul Bettina
Published: February 2016

Although lie detection procedures have been fundamentally criticized since their inception at the beginning of the 20th century, they are still in use around the world. In addition, they have created some remarkable appeal in the context of counterterrorism policies. Thereby, the links between science and fiction in this topic are quite tight and by no means arbitrary: In the progressive narrative of the lie detection devices, there is a promise of changing society for the better, which is entangled in a fictional narrative provided by many cinematic and literary examples. By drawing on the concept of “diegetic technologies” formulated by David Kirby, we want to highlight the role of science fictional narratives in the historical development and current application of lie detection procedures. We therefore aim to use this conceptual frame to analyze the role of prevention-oriented mind reading procedures, which are developed for or already used in the “war on terror” with reference to their fictional predecessors. One virulent factor has to be highlighted in this context: The fictional engagement with possible new lie detection practices is in itself creating a legitimating ground for future security technologies.
Science Fiction as Critique of Science
Authors: Chozinski Brittany Anne
Published: February 2016

Science fiction is often used as a tool with which to think about actual science. While often this is depicted in terms of imaginary future potential, science fiction has also shown itself to be a poignant critique of existing science and a means of exploring our collective anxieties regarding the continued logic of current scientific development. This article explores the science fiction of organ transplantation, as mapped against scientific and medicolegal developments in actual organ transplantation. Explored through the lens of Adorno’s work on cultural criticism, it is argued that science fiction serves as a tool with which we address (and critique) the ethical boundaries (and fears, often colonial in nature) of actual organ transplantation. Science fiction works such as Larry Niven’s Known Space Universe and Repo! The Genetic Opera are examined, demonstrating that in critiquing the science of organ transplantation, fictionists ultimately come to examine changing cultural understandings of selfhood and embodiment.