bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of Full-Scale Wooden Beams Strengthened with Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Sheets
Authors: Bakalarz Michał Marcin
Published: October 2024

The strengthening, rehabilitation and repair of wooden beams and beams made of wood-based materials are still important scientific and technical issues. This is reflected, among other things, in the number of scientific articles appearing and the involvement of research centres around the world. This is also related to society’s growing belief in the importance of ecological and sustainable development. This article presents an overview of the latest work in this field and the results of our own research on strengthening solid wooden beams with carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The tests were carried out on full-size solid beams with nominal dimensions of 70 × 170 × 3300 mm. A 0.333 mm thick CFRP sheet was used for reinforcement. The research analysed various reinforcement configurations and different reinforcement ratios. For the most effective solution, a 46% increase in load capacity, 35% stiffness and 249% ductility were achieved with a reinforcement ratio of 1.7%. Generally, the higher the reinforcement ratio and coverage of the surface of the wood, the higher the strengthening effectiveness. The brittle fracture of wood in the tensile zone for unreinforced beams and the ductile crushing of wood in the compressive zone for reinforced beams were obtained. The most important achievement of this work is the description of the static work of beams in previously unanalysed configurations of strengthening and the confirmation of their effectiveness. The described solutions should extend the life of existing wooden buildings and structures and increase the competitiveness of wooden-based structures. The results indicate that, from the point of view of optimizing the cost of reinforcement, it is crucial to develop cheaper ways of combining wood and composite than to verify different types of fibres.
Pressure-Dependent Thermal and Mechanical Behaviour of a Molecular Crystal of Bromine
Authors: Dalsaniya Madhavi H. , Upadhyay Deepak , Patel Paras , Jha Prafulla K. , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof Jan , Kurzydłowski Dominik
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the pressure-dependent thermal and mechanical properties of solid bromine through density functional theory (DFT) calculations used in conjunction with the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA). At ambient pressure, bromine crystallizes as a molecular crystal of Cmca symmetry. Previous studies have indicated that upon compression, this polymorph should undergo a bandgap closure at 80 GPa followed by a phase transition to a nonmolecular phase at 90 GPa. By employing QHA, we model the lattice vibrations and calculate the free energy, thermal expansion, and specific heat capacities of solid molecular bromine over a temperature range from 0 to 1000 K and pressures up to 90 GPa. Furthermore, mechanical properties such as bulk modulus and elastic constants are also analyzed. The results reveal the significant impact that pressure has on the thermal properties, mechanical stability, and dynamical stability of a molecular crystal. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of such systems under extreme conditions, potentially guiding future experimental and theoretical investigations.
Optimized Method for the Synthesis of Alkyne-Modified 2′-Deoxynucleoside Triphosphates
Authors: Kuznetsova Viktoriya E. , Shershov Valeriy E. , Shtylev Georgiy F. , Shishkin Ivan Yu. , Butvilovskaya Veronika I. , Stomakhin Andrey A. , Grechishnikova Irina V. , Zasedateleva Olga A. , Chudinov Alexander V.
Published: October 2024

A general approach is presented for synthesizing alkyne-modified nucleoside triphosphates via the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of unprotected halogenated 2ʹ-deoxynucleoside, followed by monophosphorylation and the reaction of the corresponding phosphoromorpholidate with tributylammonium pyrophosphate. A highly efficient approach for the milligram-scale synthesis of base-modified nucleoside triphosphates with an amino acid-like side chain was developed. The present chemical method outweighs the other reported methods of a base-modified nucleoside triphosphates synthesis in terms of it being a protection-free strategy, the shortening of reaction steps, and increased yields (about 70%). The resulting 8-alkynylated dATP was tested as a substrate for DNA polymerases in a primer extension reaction.
Research Progress on Bioactive Substances of Beets and Their Functions
Authors: Bian Chun , Ji Lanyang , Xu Wei , Dong Shirong , Pan Nan
Published: October 2024

As a globally cultivated and economic crop, beets are particularly important in the cane sugar and feed industries. Beet pigments are among the most important natural pigments, while various chemical components in beets display beneficial biological functions. Phenolic substances and betalains, as the main bioactive compounds, determine the functional characteristics of beets. This review categorizes the basic types of beets by the chemical composition of bioactive substances in their leaves, stems, and roots and emphatically summarizes the research progress made on the functions of two major substances in different types of beets: phenolic compounds and betalain pigments. This study provides useful insights for the comprehensive and effective application of beets in the health food and pharmaceutical industries.
Pitfalls in Photochemical and Photoelectrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Energy Products
Authors: Baran Tomasz , Caringella Domenico , Dibenedetto Angela , Aresta Michele
Published: October 2024

The photochemical and photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 is a promising approach for converting carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals (materials) and fuels. A key issue is ensuring the accuracy of experimental results in CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RRs) because of potential sources of false positives. This paper reports the results of investigations on various factors that may contribute to erroneous attribution of reduced-carbon species, including degradation of carbon species contained in photocatalysts, residual contaminants from synthetic procedures, laboratory glassware, environmental exposure, and the operator. The importance of rigorous experimental protocols, including the use of labeled 13CO2 and blank tests, to identify true CO2 reduction products (CO2RPs) accurately is highlighted. Our experimental data (eventually complemented with or compared to literature data) underline the possible sources of errors and, whenever possible, quantify the false positives with respect to the effective conversion of CO2 in clean conditions. This paper clarifies that the incidence of false positives is higher in the preliminary phase of photo-material development when CO2RPs are in the range of a few 10s of μg gcat−1 h−1, reducing its importance when significant conversions of CO2 are performed reaching 10s of mol gcat−1 h−1. This paper suggests procedures for improving the reliability and reproducibility of CO2RR experiments, thus validating such technologies.
Adsorption Property and Morphology Evolution of C Deposited on HCP Co Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Lili , Shi Yujia , Rong Jiamin , Wang Qiang , Zhong Min
Published: October 2024

Despite extensive studies of deposited carbon in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS), an atomic-level comprehension of the effect of carbon on the morphology of cobalt-based FTS catalysts remains elusive. The adsorption configurations of carbon atoms on different crystal facets of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Co nanoparticles were studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explore the interaction mechanism between C and Co surfaces. The weaker adsorption strength of C atoms on Co(0001), Co(10-10), and Co(11-20) surfaces accounted for lower diffusion energy, leading to the facile formation of C dimers. Electronic property analysis shows that more electrons are transferred from Co surfaces to C atoms on corrugated facets than on flat facets. The deposition of carbon atoms on Co nanoparticles affects surface energy by forming strong Co-C bonds, which causes the system to reach a more energetically favorable morphology with an increased proportion of exposed Co(10-12) and Co(11-20) areas as the carbon content increases slightly. This transformation in morphology implies that C deposition plays a crucial role in determining the facet proportion and stability of exposed Co surfaces, contributing to the optimization of cobalt-based catalysts with improved performance.
Risk Factors for a Higher Dietary Acid Load (Potential Renal Acid Load) in Free-Living Elderly in Poland
Authors: Rolf Katarzyna , Januszko Olga
Published: October 2024

Background: Dietary composition is one of the factors influencing the acid–base balance of the body by providing acid or base precursors. One of the methods for assessing the acid-forming potential of a diet is to calculate its potential renal acid load (PRAL). The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health factors related to the PRAL. Methods: Dietary intake was assessed among 133 individuals aged 70+ years using the three-day record method. Results: The average PRAL value was 15.7 mEq/day (range from −42.4 to +101.7). The diets of a majority of the participants (71.4%) had acid-forming potential (PRAL > 0). From a univariate analysis, the acid-forming potential of the diets was linked mainly to women (65.3% in PRAL > 0 group vs. 10.5% in PRAL < 0 group), people using dietary supplements, those who consumed alcohol, those who assessed their health as being at least good, people with osteoporosis, those hospitalized during the previous year, and those with rather lower physical activity. Conclusions: From a multivariate analysis, gender was the strongest predictor of an acid-forming diet, but the following also contributed: an average self-rated health status (compared to good), a good health status (compared to poor), alcohol drinking, hospitalization, lack of nutritional knowledge, and, to a lesser extent, non-frail status (compared to pre-frail). Therefore, more extensive nutritional education in the identified groups is required.
Effects of 3′-Sialyllactose on Symptom Improvement in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Park Eun-Jung , Kim Li-La , Go Hiroe , Kim Sung-Hoon
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: 3′-Sialyllactose (3′-SL), a human milk oligosaccharide, has anti-inflammatory effects and is demonstrated to have protective effects against osteoarthritis (OA) in vitro and in vivo. However, this hypothesis remains to be investigated in a clinical setting. Herein, we investigated the effects of 3′-SL on pain and physical function in patients with knee OA. Methods: Sixty patients with knee OA with Kellgren and Lawrence grades (KL-grades) 1–4 and Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (KWOMAC) scores ≥30 were randomly assigned to the placebo (n = 20), 3′-SL 200 mg (n = 20), and 3′-SL 600 mg (n = 20) groups. For 12 weeks, 3′-SL or placebo was administered to patients once a day. Clinical efficacy was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and KWOMAC for physical function at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks. Adverse effects were assessed for 12 weeks. Results: Significant reductions in VAS and KWOMAC scores were observed at 12 weeks compared with the baseline in the 3′-SL group. No severe adverse effects were observed over 12 weeks. Conclusions: 3′-SL reduced pain in patients with knee OA, improved daily life movements, and was safe, suggesting that 3′-SL might be an effective treatment for knee OA without severe side effects.
Food Avoidance beyond the Gluten-Free Diet and the Association with Quality of Life and Eating Attitudes and Behaviors in Adults with Celiac Disease
Authors: Lee Anne R. , Zybert Patricia , Chen Zhijun , Lebovits Jessica , Wolf Randi L. , Lebwohl Benjamin , Green Peter H. R.
Published: October 2024

Background: The only treatment for Celiac Disease (CeD), which affects about 1% of the population, is a gluten-free diet (GFD). Studies have indicated an association between the GFD, a diminished quality of life (QOL), and maladaptive eating patterns. This study aims to explore food avoidance behaviors in adults with CeD. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed 50 adults with biopsy-confirmed CeD who completed validated surveys evaluating demographics, psychological factors, QOL, eating pathology, and food avoidance. Results: Overall CDQOL scores were good (mean: 62.7 out of 100). However, 58.0% of the participants self-elected to avoid one or more additional foods without diagnosed allergies or intolerances. Those avoiding one or more other foods had lower QOL scores (57.4 (23.2) vs. 70.2 (15.9)) compared to those only avoiding gluten (p = 0.034). The mean depression score (CESD) for the group avoiding foods beyond gluten was in the depressive range, unlike those avoiding only gluten (16.0 (4.9) vs. 13.6 (4.0), p = 0.078), with 77% of those avoiding more than gluten scoring above the CESD cut-off point of 15, indicating clinical depression. Conclusions: Over half of participants (58%) reported avoiding additional foods beyond the GFD, a behavior associated with decreased QOL and increased depression.
Effect of Cyclodextrins Formulated in Liposomes and Gold and Selenium Nanoparticles on siRNA Stability in Cell Culture Medium
Authors: Castillo Cruz Betzaida , Chinapen Barletta Sandra , Ortiz Muñoz Bryan G. , Benitez-Reyes Adriana S. , Amalbert Perez Omar A. , Cardona Amador Alexander C. , Vivas-Mejia Pablo E. , Barletta Gabriel L.
Published: October 2024

Background: Encapsulation of siRNA fragments inside liposome vesicles has emerged as an effective method for delivering siRNAs in vitro and in vivo. However, the liposome’s fluid-phospholipid bilayer of liposomes allows siRNA fragments to diffuse out of the liposome, decreasing the dose concentration and therefore the effectiveness of the carrier. We have previously reported that β-cyclodextrins formulated in liposomes help increase the stability of siRNAs in cell culture medium. Here, we continued that study to include α, γ, methyl-β-cyclodextrins and β-cyclodextrin-modified gold and selenium nanoparticles. Methods: We used Isothermal Titration Calorimetry to study the binding thermodynamics of siRNAs to the cyclodextrin-modified nanoparticles and to screen for the best adamantane derivative to modify the siRNA fragments, and we used gel electrophoresis to study the stabilization effect of siRNA by cyclodextrins and the nanoparticles. Results: We found that only β- and methyl-β-cyclodextrins increased siRNA serum stability. Cyclodextrin-modified selenium nanoparticles also stabilize siRNA fragments in serum, and siRNAs chemically modified with an adamantane moiety (which forms inclusion complexes with the cyclodextrin-modified-nanoparticles) show a strong stabilization effect. Conclusions: β-cyclodextrins are good additives to stabilize siRNA in cell culture medium, and the thermodynamic data we generated of the interaction between cyclodextrins and adamantane analogs (widely used in drug delivery studies), should serve as a guide for future studies where cyclodextrins are sought for the delivery and solvation of small organic molecules.
Satellite-Based Detection of Algal Blooms in Large Alpine Lake Sevan: Can Satellite Data Overcome the Unavoidable Limitations in Field Observations?
Authors: Asmaryan Shushanik , Khlghatyan Anahit , Hovsepyan Azatuhi , Muradyan Vahagn , Avetisyan Rima , Gevorgyan Gor , Hayrapetyan Armine , Eissa Mayada Mohamed Alshahat Arafat , Bernert Hendrik , Schultze Martin , Rinke Karsten
Published: October 2024

Lake Sevan in Armenia is a unique, large, alpine lake given its surface, volume, and geographic location. The lake suffered from progressing eutrophication and, since 2018, massive cyanobacterial blooms repeatedly occurred. Although the lake is comparatively intensely monitored, the feasibility to reliably detect the algal bloom events appeared to be limited by the established in situ monitoring, mostly because algal bloom dynamics are far more dynamic than the realized monitoring frequency of monthly samplings. This mismatch of monitoring frequency and ecosystem dynamics is a notorious problem in lakes, where plankton dynamics often work at relatively short time scales. Satellite-based monitoring with higher overpass frequency, e.g., by Sentinel-3 OLCI with its daily overcasts, are expected to fill this gap. The goal of our study was therefore the establishment of a fast detection of algal blooms in Lake Sevan that operates at the time scale of days instead of months. We found that algal bloom detection in Lake Sevan failed, however, when it was only based on chlorophyll due to complications with optical water properties and atmospheric corrections. Instead, we obtained good results when true-color RGB images were analyzed or a specifically designed satellite-based HAB indicator was applied. These methods provide reliable and very fast bloom detection at a scale of days. At the same time, our results indicated that there are still considerable limitations for the use of remote sensing when it comes to a fully quantitative assessment of algal dynamics in Lake Sevan. The observations made so far indicate that algal blooms are a regular feature in Lake Sevan and occur almost always when water temperatures surpass approximately 20 °C. Our satellite-based method effectively allowed for bloom detection at short time scales and identified blooms over several years where classical sampling failed to do so, simply because of the unfortunate timing of sampling dates and blooming phases. The extension of classical in situ sampling by satellite-based methods is therefore a step towards a more reliable, faster, and more cost-effective detection of algal blooms in this valuable lake.
A Developer-Oriented Framework for Assessing Power Consumption in Mobile Applications: Android Energy Smells Case Study
Authors: Groza Claudiu , Dumitru-Cristian Apostol , Marcu Marius , Bogdan Razvan
Published: October 2024

Currently, people spend a lot of time using their mobile devices. With such ubiquity of mobile devices in our daily life, battery capacity and quality are of utmost importance. Running software applications (called apps) are one of the major factors influencing the power consumption in mobile devices. In order to meet user needs, mobile apps are becoming inherently complex and resource greedy. Therefore, fulfilling these requirements at the pace imposed by the market may degrade software construction quality and insert so-called energy code smells: bad patterns in the source code of an app that indicate a deeper problem and adversely affect power consumption. This work proposes a developer-oriented framework for identifying and fixing patterns via analyzing different application code flavors in a user-driven test scenario. A special app was designed in order to validate the Android implementation of the proposed methodology. The study results have shown significant improvement regarding energy efficiency after correcting one or more energy code smells, with a 4 to 30 percent decrease in battery drain. Additionally, the power consumption signature term is defined in the context of mobile applications. This paper presents a developer-oriented framework for assessing power consumption in mobile applications. Our key contributions include identifying significant energy code smells, demonstrating their impact on power consumption, and providing a toolset for developers to improve energy efficiency.
Recent Advancements in High-Frequency Ultrasound Applications from Imaging to Microbeam Stimulation
Authors: Kim Min Gon , Yoon Changhan , Lim Hae Gyun
Published: October 2024

Ultrasound is a versatile and well-established technique using sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper limit of human hearing. Typically, therapeutic and diagnosis ultrasound operate in the frequency range of 500 kHz to 15 MHz with greater depth of penetration into the body. However, to achieve improved spatial resolution, high-frequency ultrasound (>15 MHz) was recently introduced and has shown promise in various fields such as high-resolution imaging for the morphological features of the eye and skin as well as small animal imaging for drug and gene therapy. In addition, high-frequency ultrasound microbeam stimulation has been demonstrated to manipulate single cells or microparticles for the elucidation of physical and functional characteristics of cells with minimal effect on normal cell physiology and activity. Furthermore, integrating machine learning with high-frequency ultrasound enhances diagnostics, including cell classification, cell deformability estimation, and the diagnosis of diabetes and dysnatremia using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In this paper, current efforts in the use of high-frequency ultrasound from imaging to stimulation as well as the integration of deep learning are reviewed, and potential biomedical and cellular applications are discussed.
Non-Invasive Diagnostic Approaches for Kidney Disease: The Role of Electronic Nose Systems
Authors: Sansone Francesco , Tonacci Alessandro
Published: October 2024

Kidney diseases are a group of conditions related to the functioning of kidneys, which are in turn unable to properly filter waste and excessive fluids from the blood, resulting in the presence of dangerous levels of electrolytes, fluids, and waste substances in the human body, possibly leading to significant health effects. At the same time, the toxins amassing in the organism can lead to significant changes in breath composition, resulting in halitosis with peculiar features like the popular ammonia breath. Starting from this evidence, scientists have started to work on systems that can detect the presence of kidney diseases using a minimally invasive approach, minimizing the burden to the individuals, albeit providing clinicians with useful information about the disease’s presence or its main related features. The electronic nose (e-nose) is one of such tools, and its applications in this specific domain represent the core of the present review, performed on articles published in the last 20 years on humans to stay updated with the latest technological advancements, and conducted under the PRISMA guidelines. This review focuses not only on the chemical and physical principles of detection of such compounds (mainly ammonia), but also on the most popular data processing approaches adopted by the research community (mainly those relying on Machine Learning), to draw exhaustive conclusions about the state of the art and to figure out possible cues for future developments in the field.
Performance Evaluation of a Bioinspired Geomagnetic Sensor and Its Application for Geomagnetic Navigation in Simulated Environment
Authors: Shi Hongkai , Tang Ruiqi , Wang Qingmeng , Song Tao
Published: October 2024

For geomagnetic navigation technology, taking inspiration from nature and leveraging the principle of animals’ utilization of the geomagnetic field for long-distance navigation, and employing biomimetic technology to develop higher-precision geomagnetic sensors and more advanced navigation strategies, has emerged as a new trend. Based on the two widely acknowledged biological magnetic induction mechanisms, we have designed a bioinspired weak magnetic vector (BWMV) sensor and integrated it with neural networks to achieve geomagnetic matching navigation. In this paper, we assess the performance of the BWMV sensor through finite element model simulation. The result validates its high measurement accuracy and outstanding adaptability to installation errors with the assistance of specially trained neural networks. Furthermore, we have enhanced the bioinspired geomagnetic navigation algorithm and proposed a more advanced search strategy to adapt to navigation under the condition of no prior geomagnetic map. A simulated geomagnetic navigation platform was constructed based on the finite element model to simulate the navigation of the BWMV sensor in geomagnetic environments. The simulated navigation experiment verified that the proposed search strategy applied to the BWMV sensor can achieve high-precision navigation. This study proposes a novel approach for the research of bioinspired geomagnetic navigation technology, which holds great development prospects.
Towards Automatic Object Detection and Activity Recognition in Indoor Climbing
Authors: Vrzáková Hana , Koskinen Jani , Andberg Sami , Lee Ahreum , Amon Mary Jean
Published: October 2024

Rock climbing has propelled from niche sport to mainstream free-time activity and Olympic sport. Moreover, climbing can be studied as an example of a high-stakes perception-action task. However, understanding what constitutes an expert climber is not simple or straightforward. As a dynamic and high-risk activity, climbing requires a precise interplay between cognition, perception, and precise action execution. While prior research has predominantly focused on the movement aspect of climbing (i.e., skeletal posture and individual limb movements), recent studies have also examined the climber’s visual attention and its links to their performance. To associate the climber’s attention with their actions, however, has traditionally required frame-by-frame manual coding of the recorded eye-tracking videos. To overcome this challenge and automatically contextualize the analysis of eye movements in indoor climbing, we present deep learning-driven (YOLOv5) hold detection that facilitates automatic grasp recognition. To demonstrate the framework, we examined the expert climber’s eye movements and egocentric perspective acquired from eye-tracking glasses (SMI and Tobii Glasses 2). Using the framework, we observed that the expert climber’s grasping duration was positively correlated with total fixation duration (r = 0.807) and fixation count (r = 0.864); however, it was negatively correlated with the fixation rate (r = −0.402) and saccade rate (r = −0.344). The findings indicate the moments of cognitive processing and visual search that occurred during decision making and route prospecting. Our work contributes to research on eye–body performance and coordination in high-stakes contexts, and informs the sport science and expands the applications, e.g., in training optimization, injury prevention, and coaching.
Colour Analysis of Sausages Stuffed with Modified Casings Added with Citrus Peel Extracts Using Hyperspectral Imaging Combined with Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Feng Chao-Hui
Published: October 2024

Recycling citrus peel waste offers several significant contributions to sustainability, transforming what would otherwise be discarded into valuable resources. In this study, the colour of sausages stored for 16 days, with varying amounts of orange extract added to the modified casing solution, was evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM) and a hyperspectral imaging system within the spectral range of 350–1100 nm for the first time. To enhance model performance, spectral pre-treatments such as normalisation, first derivative, standard normal variate (SNV), second derivative, and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) were applied. Both raw and pre-treated spectral data, along with colour attributes, were fitted to a partial least squares regression model. The RSM results indicated that the highest R2 value, 80.61%, was achieved for the b* (yellowness) parameter using a second-order polynomial model. The interactive effects of soy oil and orange extracts on b* were found to be significant (p < 0.05), and the square effects of soy oil on b* were significant at the 1% level. The identified key wavelengths for colour parameters can simplify the model, making it more suitable for practical industrial applications.
Technology-Driven Financial Risk Management: Exploring the Benefits of Machine Learning for Non-Profit Organizations
Authors: Huang Hao
Published: October 2024

This study explores how machine learning can optimize financial risk management for non-profit organizations by evaluating various algorithms aimed at mitigating loan default risks. The findings indicate that ensemble learning models, such as random forest and LightGBM, significantly improve prediction accuracy, thereby enabling non-profits to better manage financial risk. In the context of the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis, which underscored the volatility of financial markets, this research assesses a range of risks—credit, operational, liquidity, and market risks—while exploring both traditional machine learning and advanced ensemble techniques, with a particular focus on stacking fusion to enhance model performance. Emphasizing the importance of privacy and adaptive methods, this study advocates for interdisciplinary approaches to overcome limitations such as stress testing, data analysis rule formulation, and regulatory collaboration. The research underscores machine learning’s crucial role in financial risk control and calls on regulatory authorities to reassess existing frameworks to accommodate evolving risks. Additionally, it highlights the need for accurate data type identification and the potential for machine learning to strengthen financial risk management amid uncertainty, promoting interdisciplinary efforts that address broader issues like environmental sustainability and economic development.
The Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Household Chaos, Perceived Stress, and Borderline Personality Disorder Features in Outpatient Youth
Authors: Aleva Anouk , de Boois Geerte , Hessels Christel J. , Laceulle Odilia M.
Published: October 2024

This study examined how household chaos, perceived stress, and their interaction are related to borderline personality disorder (BPD) features both cross-sectionally and at 1-year follow-up in outpatient youth. Data from 143 youth were analysed. Their mean age was 18.72 years (SD = 2.98) and 80.4% self-identified as female. The results indicated that both perceived stress and household chaos were positively associated with BPD features at baseline. Additionally, the link between perceived stress and BPD features was slightly stronger in youth with more household chaos. The associations were not maintained in the longitudinal analyses. The discrepancy between the cross-sectional and longitudinal findings suggests that household chaos and perceived stress might be intertwined with BPD features, rather than predictive of change in BPD features over time.
Study of heart rate variability to assess the autonomic nervous system functioning in women with different degrees of obesity
Authors:   Medical Institute, Penza State University, Penza, Russia, Mikulyak N. I. , Burmistrova L. F. ,   Medical Institute, Penza State University, Penza, Russia, Ilyina N. L. ,   Medical Institute, Penza State University, Penza, Russia, Sorokin I. A. ,   Medical Institute, Penza State University, Penza, Russia, Vasiliev S. D. ,   Medical Institute, Penza State University, Penza, Russia, Akishina E. S. ,   Medical Institute, Penza State University, Penza, Russia, Izotova A. S. ,   Medical Institute, Penza State University, Penza, Russia
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in obese people worldwide. There is a large number of hypotheses describing the causes of the development of obesity, but few studies have addressed changes arising in the autonomic nervous system. The predominance of the sympathetic nervous system could potentially be a leading link in the pathogenesis of the development of cardiovascular complications in obesity. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the ANS circuit and body weight, with age. In our work, 161 women were examined using spectral analysis of the hardware and software complex «Omega-M». Then the participants were distributed into groups according to age and body weight. Statistical grouping and data processing were carried out using Microsoft Office software package. After analyzing the group «40–49 years old», it has been revealed that the central regulation in the studied women with the 1st degree of obesity is observed in 67 % of cases, and in the women with the 2nd degree, this type of regulation prevails completely (p=0.0011). In the group «50–59 years old», the women with the 2nd degree of obesity completely lack the autonomous regulation; the central type makes up 89 % of the total number of those examined, while the intermediate type accounts for 11 % (p=0.0042). In the group «60–69 years old» in the women with normal body weight, the central regulation prevails in 83 % of cases. In the group with the 1st degree of obesity, all women have the central regulation (100 %), as in the group with the 2nd degree of obesity, where the central regulation also predominates at 92 %, while the autonomous regulation is found only in 8 % of the examined (p=0.0141). It was noted that in the women with the 2nd degree of obesity, the central regulation of heart rhythm prevails. In the group «60–69 years», this type of regulation begins to prevail regardless of body weight. Thus, with age and with increasing body weight, the predominance of the central regulation of heart rhythm is observed. The dependence of the predominant regulation circuit and age is associated with a decrease in physiological reserves in case of excessive body weight, which may cause the development of cardiovascular diseases and requires the search for effective etiopathogenetic methods of treatment.
Insertion trauma and functional recovery after cochlear implantation
Authors:   Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Botoev B. K. , Ammuri L. M. ,   Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Stepanishcheva U. V. ,   Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Pilasevich S. S. ,   Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Magomedov M. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Dagestan State Technical University», Makhachkala, Fetalieva S. I. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Dagestan State Technical University», Makhachkala, Temirov A. T. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Dagestan State Technical University», Makhachkala
Published: October 2024

The cochlear implant is considered one of the most successful medical devices. The efficiency and cost-effectiveness of implants making a difference in the life of a person with hearing loss is well recognized. There are approximately 750,000 implant patients worldwide. While implant technology is advancing and clinical indications continue to expand, the focus is increasingly shifting towards improving outcomes and enhancing the quality of patient care. Of particular relevance today is the preservation of delicate intracochlear structures during implant surgery, which provides the best prerequisite for successful hearing rehabilitation. In this regard, the article is devoted to the consideration of peculiarities and methods of detection of tissue traumatization during cochlear implantation, as well as the possibilities of functional recovery after implantation. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic literature search, which was conducted using PubMed Medline, methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, and grouping, investigation of the results of radiological and histological studies. The analysis describes the possibilities and potential of using contrast-enhanced micro-CT with simultaneous application of a special polyoxometalate staining agent to analyze cochlear implant injuries. Special attention is paid to the prospects of using a robotic surgical instrument that assists the surgeon in the insertion of the electrode array. The advantage of using the growth function of the amplitude of the evoked compound action potential to assess functional responses to electrical stimulation of the cochlea is also noted. Further studies of the geometry of intracochlear structures and compartments will allow developing new and improved electrode designs and introducing atraumatic surgical techniques for cochlear implant insertion.
Differential diagnosis and nosology issues of disorders with affective and psychotic symptoms: a clinical case report
Authors:   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Sedelkova V.A. , Tikhonova Yu.G. ,   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Kinkulkina M.A. ,   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Efimochkina S.M. ,   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Khloponina M.D. ,   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Gotko Yu.S. ,   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2024

Based on the results of large-scale genomic studies, the psychotic continuum hypothesis suggests considering disorders characterized by primary psychotic symptoms as part of a single spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders and implies the existence of a gradient of severity between affective disorders and schizophrenia, with increasing severity of psychotic episodes and deficits. The continuum hypothesis explains the existence of the previously controversial diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder (SAD), which combines clinical manifestations of both schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder: according to this hypothesis, schizoaffective disorder is assigned an intermediate position in the continuum. The common leading clinical criteria and genetic commonality on the one hand, and the absence of objective disease markers on the other significantly complicate the diagnostic search between the disorders with affective and psychotic symptoms, raising questions not only about their nosological relationships but also about the problem of finding methods of differentiation at early stages of disorder development. Promising tools for differential diagnosis include multifactorial analysis of parameters (genetic, clinical, and socio-demographic parameters, level of social functioning, response to prescribed psychopharmacotherapy), molecular phenotyping of profiles, and the search for laboratory, neuroimaging, and neurobiological markers of diseases. As of today, the main reliable approach in the differential diagnosis of these disorders remains the follow-up approach. The article presents a clinical case describing a 19-year follow-up of a patient with clinically heterogeneous episodes of affective-delusional symptomatology combined with alcoholism and demonstrating the difficulty of diagnosing disorders with affective and psychotic manifestations, as well as the need for further research in this area.
Modern features of the mental state of persons who have survived COVID-19
Authors:   Ryazan State Medical University named after academician I. P. Pavlov of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ryazan, Novikov V. V. , Khritinin D. F. ,   I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow
Published: October 2024

People who have had COVID-19 experience the occurrence of mental disorders, sometimes in a latent form, which prompted us to investigate the most characteristic and stable manifestations of the mental component of the postcovid syndrome of patients who have not had a history of mental disorders. It was found out that the final formation of stable symptoms occurs during the year and includes mainly asthenic, cognitive and anxiety disorders that are in mutual influence and present against the background of a constantly reduced mood, not reaching the degree of depression, which significantly reduce the quality of their lives.
Determinan dan Dampak Kebijakan Peningkatan Areal Irigasi terhadap Rasio Ketergantungan Impor Beras Indonesia (The Determinants and Impacts of the Increasing Irrigated Areas Policy on The Dependency Ratio of Indonesia’s Rice Imports)
Authors: Rafidah Fatus
Published: October 2024

Beras merupakan bahan pangan pokok bagi 95 persen masyarakat Indonesia, hal tersebut menjadikan beras sebagai komoditas penting dalam sektor sosial, politik, ekonomi, pemenuhan hak asasi manusia dan ketahanan pangan Indonesia. Karena itu, ketersediaan beras menjadi prioritas negara, baik dengan produksi ataupun impor. Impor beras di Indonesia dilakukan untuk menjaga ketersediaan stok beras. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan dan dampak kebijakan peningkatan areal irigasi terhadap rasio ketergantungan impor beras Indonesia. Data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder dari tahun 1998–2021. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan persamaan simultan dengan metode estimasi 2SLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa areal irigasi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap areal panen, namun berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap produktivitas padi. Dampak dari kebijakan peningkatan areal irigasi adalah meningkatnya luas panen, produktivitas, produksi padi dan beras dalam negeri, dan sebaliknya menurunkan impor beras maupun rasio ketergantungan impor. Dalam upaya untuk memperluas areal irigasi hendaknya diarahkan pada peningkatan infrastruktur yang dibutuhkan petani melalui rehabilitasi jaringan irigasi dan memperbanyak kapasitas tampungan air seperti embung dan bendungan. Hal ini dalam rangka meningkatkan produksi beras dan menurunkan rasio ketergantungan impor.
 
Rice is the staple food for 95 percent of Indonesia, making it an essential commodity socially, politically, and economically, as it is closely related to Indonesia’s human rights and food security achievement. Hence, the availability of rice is the country’s priority, either through production or import. Rice imports in Indonesia are performed to maintain stocks. The study aimed to examine the determinants and impacts of the policy of increasing irrigated areas on the import dependency ratio (IDR) of Indonesian rice. The data used was secondary data from 1998 to 2021. The data analysis used simultaneous equations and the estimation method was 2SLS. The results show that the irrigated area positively and significantly affects the harvested area. However, it has an insignificant effect on productivity. The impact of the increasing irrigated areas policy is an increase in harvested area, productivity, and rice production, as well as reducing rice imports and the IDR. To expand irrigated areas, government policy should be directed at improving the infrastructure farmers need by rehabilitating irrigation networks and enhancing air storage capacity in reservoirs and dams. This is to increase rice production and gradually reduce the IDR.
Alih Fungsi Lahan dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Pendapatan serta Pola Konsumsi Rumah Tangga Petani di Desa Muktijaya Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir (Land Use Conversion and Its Impact on Income and Consumption Patterns of Farming Households in Muktijaya Village, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency)
Authors: Silvian Trissa , Yunita  , Yoga Hekmahtiar
Published: October 2024

Mayoritas masyarakat di Desa Muktijaya, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir bermata pencaharian sebagai petani padi, namun saat ini banyak yang mengalihfungsikan lahan menjadi kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui proses konversi lahan, faktor yang memengaruhi konversi lahan, perbedaan pendapatan petani padi dan kelapa sawit, serta pola konsumsinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September-Desember 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan proportional stratified random sampling. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) Proses konversi lahan didasarkan pada pertimbangan ekonomi, keberlanjutan, dan kondisi lingkungan; (2) Faktor yang mempunyai pengaruh nyata terhadap keputusan petani untuk mengalihfungsikan lahan adalah umur dan pendapatan petani. (3) Rata-rata pendapatan petani padi sebesar Rp19.079.912,00 ha/tahun, sedangkan petani kelapa sawit sebesar Rp30.478.557,00 ha/tahun. (4) Pola konsumsi rumah tangga petani padi untuk pangan sebesar Rp566.116,00/bulan (12,74 persen) dan pengeluaran non-pangan sebesar Rp3.877.606,00/bulan (87,26 persen). Sedangkan pengeluaran pangan petani kelapa sawit sebesar Rp987.043,00/bulan (18,81 persen) dan pengeluaran non-pangan sebesar Rp4.259.083,00/bulan (81,19 persen). 
 
Most of people in Muktijaya Village, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, work as rice farmers, however, many are currently converting their land into oil palm plantations. This study aimed to determine the land conversion process, factors influencing land conversion, income differences between rice and oil palm farmers, and consumption patterns. This study was conducted in September-December 2023. This study used a survey method with a sampling method using proportional stratified random sampling. The results of this study were: (1) The land conversion process was based on economic considerations, sustainability, and environmental conditions; (2) Factors significantly affecting farmers’ decisions to convert land were the age and income of farmers; (3) The average income of rice farmers was IDR19,079,912.00 ha/year, while oil palm farmers was IDR30,478,557.00 ha/year; (4) The consumption pattern of rice farmer households for food was IDR566,116.00/month (12.74 percent) and non-food expenditure was IDR3,877,606.00/month (87.26 percent). Meanwhile, food expenditure of oil palm farmers was Rp. 987,043/month (18.81 percent) and non-food expenditure was IDR4,259,083.00/month (81.19 percent).
THE IMPACT OF DRIVERLESSVEHICLESANDRELATEDTECHNOLOGIESON THE SOCIO-NATURAL AND ECONOMICENVIRONMENT OF THE CITY
Authors:   Belarusian National Technical University, Kapski Denis Vasilievich , Lyapin Sergey Alexandrovich ,   Lipetsk State Technical University, Bogdanovich Sergei Valerievich ,   Belarusian National Technical University
Published: October 2024

The article examines the impact of unmanned vehicles and related technologies (electric vehicles, transport sharing systems, connected cars and "smart" road infrastructure) on the socio-economic system in the design and planning of the urban environment. The authors analyze key technological trends in the field of urban mobility, such as automation, transport sharing, electrification and connectivity of vehicles. The authors conclude that the technological shift in urban mobility opens up new opportunities for the sustainable development of the socio-economic system of cities, but requires combining advanced innovations with the principles of «new urbanism» and coordinated planning with the priority of pedestrian accessibility in urban planning policy.
USING THE TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES TO EXPAND THE FUNCTIONALITY OF AN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University, Shevtsova Anastasia Gennadyevna , Loktionova Alina Gennadyevna ,   Belgorod State Technological University, Guzenko Sergey Alexandrovich ,   Belgorod State Technological University, Vasilyeva Victoria Vladimirovna ,   Oryol State University
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the description of the development of a software and hardware complex (PAK), which allows using complex operations to determine the technical characteristics of vehicles prevailing in urban traffic. As a result of the work of the PAK on the scale of the urban ITS, it is possible to expand the functionality of the subsystem of traffic management by applying the established parameters in the calculation algorithms. The article presents a block diagram of the developed PAK, provides its description and defines the main functionality of the urban ITS, taking into account the implementation of the presented development.