bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Strategies for Chronic Craniofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders: Current Clinical and Preclinical Insights
Authors: Piriyaprasath Kajita , Kakihara Yoshito , Hasegawa Mana , Iwamoto Yuya , Hasegawa Yoko , Fujii Noritaka , Yamamura Kensuke , Okamoto Keiichiro
Published: August 2024

This narrative review provides an overview of current knowledge on the impact of nutritional strategies on chronic craniofacial pain associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Individuals experiencing painful TMDs alter their dietary habits, avoiding certain foods, possibly due to chewing difficulties, which might lead to nutrient deficiencies. Our literature investigation revealed that the causal links between nutritional changes and craniofacial pain remain unclear. However, clinical and preclinical studies suggest that nutraceuticals, including vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, isoprenoids, carotenoids, lectins, polysaccharides, glucosamines, and palmitoylethanolamides, could have beneficial effects on managing TMDs. This is described in 12 clinical and 38 preclinical articles since 2000. Clinical articles discussed the roles of vitamins, minerals, glucosamine, and palmitoylethanolamides. The other nutraceuticals were assessed solely in preclinical studies, using TMD models, mostly craniofacial inflammatory rodents, with 36 of the 38 articles published since 2013. Our investigation indicates that current evidence is insufficient to assess the efficacy of these nutraceuticals. However, the existing data suggest potential for therapeutic intervention in TMDs. Further support from longitudinal and randomized controlled studies and well-designed preclinical investigations is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of each nutraceutical intervention and understand their underlying mechanisms in TMDs.
Beyond Distracted Eating: Cognitive Distraction Downregulates Odor Pleasantness and Interacts with Weight Status
Authors: Ruda Iryna , Chellapandian Deepak Charles , Rott Marlene , Scheid Selina , Freiherr Jessica
Published: August 2024

Considering the widespread issue of distracted eating, our study investigates how cognitive distraction influences the sensory perception of food-related odors among individuals with varying weight statuses. We conducted an exploratory, randomized, and cross-sectional experimental study, using the Tetris game to simulate real-life cognitive distraction, incorporating two distraction levels (low and high) and presenting five distinct odors. A total of 59 participants, categorized into a lean (n = 30) and overweight/obese group (n = 29) based on their body mass index (BMI), received odor stimuli while playing Tetris at low and high difficulty, corresponding to low and high distraction levels, respectively. Participants subsequently rated odor intensity and pleasantness under the two cognitive distraction conditions. Respiratory movements were monitored to ensure accurate olfactory stimulation. Our findings revealed no significant difference in odor intensity ratings across distraction levels (p = 0.903). However, there was a significant reduction in odor pleasantness under high cognitive distraction (p = 0.007), more pronounced in lean participants compared to those with an overweight status (p = 0.035). Additionally, an interaction between gender and cognitive distraction effects was observed in odor pleasantness perception. The differential effects of distraction across weight-status groups and genders are discussed in the context of hedonic motivation and compensatory mechanisms. This study sheds light onto the sensory mechanisms underlying distracted eating and could inform more personalized strategies for promoting healthier eating habits in a world dominated by distractions.
Intrahospital Handovers before and after the Implementation of ISBAR Communication: A Quality Improvement Study on ICU Nurses’ Handovers to General Medical Ward Nurses
Authors: Reime Marit Hegg , Tangvik Linda Skaug , Kinn-Mikalsen Mats Aleksander , Johnsgaard Tone
Published: August 2024

Background: Research finds a lack of structure as well as varying and incomplete content in intrahospital handovers. This study aimed to improve intrahospital handovers by implementing structured ISBAR communication (identification, situation, background, assessment and recommendation). Methods: This quality improvement study was conducted observing 25 handovers given by nurses from the intensive care unit to nurses from general medical wards at baseline and after the implementation of the ISBAR communication tool. The 26-item ISBAR scoring tool was used to audit the handovers. In addition, the structure of the ISBAR communication and time spent on the handovers were observed. Results: There were no significant improvements from baseline to post-intervention regarding adherence to the ISBAR communication scoring tool. The structure of the handovers improved from baseline to post-intervention (p = 0.047). The time spent on handovers declined from baseline to post-intervention, although not significantly. Conclusions: The items in the ISBAR communication scoring tool can act as a guide for details that need to be reported during intrahospital handovers to strengthen patient safety. Future research calls for studies measuring satisfaction among nurses regarding using different handover tools and studies using multifaceted training interventions.
Genetic Diversity, Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes from Food and Clinical Samples in Southern Poland
Authors: Żurawik Anna , Kasperski Tomasz , Olechowska-Jarząb Aldona , Szczesiul-Paszkiewicz Paulina , Żak Iwona , Wójcicki Michał , Maćkiw Elżbieta , Chmielarczyk Agnieszka
Published: August 2024

Listeriosis is one of the most serious foodborne diseases under surveillance, with an overall mortality rate in the EU currently being high at 18.1%. Therefore, this study aims to investigate Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from clinical and food samples for susceptibility to antimicrobials, presence of virulence factors, and genetic diversity. Species were identified using the MALDI-TOF, resistance to 11 antibiotics was determined according to EUCAST guidelines, and multiplex PCR was used for serotyping and detecting virulence genes. Strains were genotyped using the PFGE method. Clinical strains showed full sensitivity to all tested antibiotics. In total, 33.3% of strains from food products were found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin and 4.2% to tetracycline. Most of the tested isolates (79.2%) belonged to serotype 1/2a-3a, and the rest (20.8%) belonged to serotype 4ab-4b,4d-4e. Five virulence genes (prfA, hlyA, plcB, inlA, and lmo2672) were detected in all strains studied. The llsX gene was the least common, in 37.5% of clinical strains and 18.75% of strains isolated from food products. Among the analyzed strains, 13 strains displayed unique PFGE profiles. The other 11 strains belong to 3 clusters of pulsotypes: cluster 1 (2 strains), cluster 2 (6 strains), and cluster 3 (2 strains). The percentage of hospitalizations and deaths of Polish patients with listeriosis indicates the seriousness of this disease, especially in an aging society, while the molecular testing of clinical strains has been rarely performed, which makes it difficult to determine the source of infection.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phytochemicals in Sayeok-Tang via UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS and UPLC-TQ-MS/MS
Authors: Kim Yu Jin , Jang Seol , Hwang Youn-Hwan
Published: August 2024

Sayeok-tang (SYT) is a traditional herbal formula comprising three medicinal herbs: Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Zingiber officinale, and Aconitum carmichaeli. Several studies have employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to qualitatively analyze the components and metabolites of SYT in vitro and in vivo; however, studies on quantitative analysis of SYT, which is important for quality control, are absent or limited to only a few components. In this study, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole (UPLC-Q)-Orbitrap-MS was used to screen the phytochemicals of SYT, revealing a total of 42 compounds. Among them, 24 compounds were simultaneously quantified within 20 min via UPLC-TQ-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The developed analytical method was validated for its linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9992), precision (0.36–2.96%), accuracy (−6.52–4.64%), and recovery (94.39–119.07%) for all analytes, exhibiting acceptable results. The validated method was applied in the analysis of SYT extracts, and the 24 compounds were quantified in the range of 0.004–6.882 mg/g (CV ≤ 3.746%). Among them, liquiritin apioside (6.870–6.933 mg/g), glycyrrhizic acid (5.418–5.540 mg/g), and liquiritin (1.303–1.331 mg/g) from G. uralensis were identified as the relatively abundant compounds. The presented validated analytical method is highly promising for the comprehensive quality control of SYT, offering fast, highly sensitive, and reliable analysis.
Enhanced Anti-Obesity Effects of Euphorbia Kansui Extract through Macrophage and Gut Microbiota Modulation: A Real-World Clinical and In Vivo Study
Authors: Noh Ji-Won , Yoo Jung-Hwa , Lee Byung-Cheol
Published: August 2024

Rising obesity and associated multi-systemic complications amplify the health burden. Euphorbia kansui (EK) extract is clinically recognized for managing obesity. In a human study, 240 obese individuals were categorized into two cohorts: those receiving solely herbal medicine (HM group) and those administered EK concomitantly with herbal medicine (EK group). An in vivo examination using C57BL/6-Lepob/Lepob mice elucidated mechanisms involving macrophages and gut microbiota with associated metabolic advantages. The clinical study revealed a significant 7.22% body weight reduction during 91.55 average treatment days and examined 16.71% weight loss at 300 days after treatment. In whole subjects, 60.4%, 21.3%, and 6.3% achieved weight reductions exceeding 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively. Impressively, the EK group exhibited superior weight loss compared to the HM group (EK: −7.73% vs. HM: −6.27%, p = 0.012). The anti-obesity effect was positively associated with EK therapy frequency and herbal medicine duration. In the in vivo study, EK significantly improved insulin sensitivity and mitigated infiltration of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) by modulating the CD11c+ and CD206+ subtypes. EK also correlated with increased Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes populations and reduced Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Consequently, EK is an effective adjunctive anti-obesity therapy offering metabolic benefits by modulating ATMs and gut microbiota profiles.
Targeting the Adenosine A2A Receptor as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Mechanisms and Clinical Trial Review
Authors: Chen Ting-Yu , Chang Ya-Chuan , Yu Chia-Ying , Sung Wen-Wei
Published: August 2024

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for nearly 2% of cancers diagnosed worldwide. For metastatic RCC, targeted therapy is one of the most common treatment methods. It can include approaches that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR) or rely on immune checkpoint inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors. Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is a type of widely distributed G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Recently, an increasing number of studies suggest that the activation of A2AR can downregulate anti-tumor immune responses and prevent tumor growth. Currently, the data on A2AR antagonists in RCC treatment are still limited. Therefore, in this article, we further investigate the clinical trials investigating A2AR drugs in RCC. We also describe the epidemiology and current treatment of RCC, along with the physiological role of A2AR, and the types of A2AR drugs that are associated with tumor treatment.
HER-2 Receptor and αvβ3 Integrin Dual-Ligand Surface-Functionalized Liposome for Metastatic Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Arya Dilip Kumar , Deshpande Hemali , Kumar Ashish , Chidambaram Kumarappan , Pandey Prashant , Anjum Shabnam , Deepak Payal , Kumar Vikas , Kumar Santosh , Pandey Giriraj , Srivastava Saurabh , Rajinikanth Paruvathanahalli Siddalingam
Published: August 2024

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer metastasis remains the primary cause of mortality among women globally. Targeted therapies have revolutionized treatment efficacy, with Trastuzumab (Trast), a monoclonal antibody, targeting HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. The tumor-homing peptide iRGD enhances the intratumoral accumulation and penetration of therapeutic agents. Liposomes serve as versatile nanocarriers for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Gefitinib (GFB) is a potential anticancer drug against HER2-positive breast cancer, while Lycorine hydrochloride (LCH) is a natural compound with anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. This study developed TPGS-COOH-coated liposomes co-loaded with GFB and LCH, prepared by the solvent injection method, and surface-functionalized with Trast and iRGD. The dual surface-decorated liposomes (DSDLs) were characterized for their particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), surface chemistry, surface morphology, and their crystallinity during in-vitro drug release, drug encapsulation, and in-vitro cell line studies on SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC-50) values of single decorated liposomes (SDLs), iRGD-LP, and Trast-LP, as well as DSDLs (iRGD-Trast-LP) on SK-BR-3 cells, were 6.10 ± 0.42, 4.98 ± 0.36, and 4.34 ± 0.32 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the IC-50 values of SDLs and DSDLs on MDA-MB-231 cells were 15.12 ± 0.68, 13.09 ± 0.59, and 11.08 ± 0.48 μg/mL, respectively. Cellular uptake studies using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that iRGD and Trast functionalization significantly enhanced cellular uptake in both cell lines. The wound-healing assay demonstrated a significant reduction in SDL and DSDL-treated MDA-MB-231 cell migration compared to the control. Additionally, the blood compatibility study showed minimal hemolysis (less than 5% RBC lysis), indicating good biocompatibility and biosafety. Overall, these findings suggest that TPGS-COOH-coated, GFB and LCH co-loaded, dual-ligand (iRGD and Trast) functionalized, multifunctional liposomes could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.
A Meta-Analysis Methodology in Stan to Estimate Population Pharmacokinetic Parameters from Multiple Aggregate Concentration–Time Datasets: Application to Gevokizumab mPBPK Model
Authors: Karakitsios Evangelos , Dokoumetzidis Aristides
Published: August 2024

The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate the performance of a methodology to estimate the population pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters along with the inter-individual variabilities (IIVs) from patients’ reported aggregate concentration–time data, in particular, mean plasma concentrations and their standard deviations (SDs) versus time, such as those often found in published graphs. This method was applied to the published data of gevokizumab, a novel monoclonal anti-interleukin-1β antibody, in order to estimate the drug’s population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) parameters of a second-generation minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) model. Assuming this mPBPK model, a mixed effects approach was utilized to allow accounting for the random inter-group variability (IGV) that was assumed among different dosage groups. The entire analysis was performed using R software (Rstudio) and the Bayesian software tool RStan was used for the application of Bayesian priors on the parameters. Conclusively, the proposed method could be applied to monoclonal antibodies for which the second-generation mPBPK model has been proposed as well as to other drugs with different PK models when only a published graph with aggregate concentration–time data is available. In addition, the method could be used when multiple aggregate datasets from different sources need to be combined in a meta-analysis approach in order to estimate the PopPK parameters of a drug.
The EPR-Bell Experiments: The Role of Counterfactuality and Probability in the Context of Actually Conducted Experiments
Authors: Leggett Anthony J.
Published: August 2024

Some aspects of the concepts of counterfactuality and probability are explored as they apply to the specific example of the famous “EPR-Bell” experiments realized by physicists over the last half-century. In particular the question is raised: what hypotheses about actually conducted experiments do the results exclude? It is argued that the answer depends on both whether these hypotheses are deterministic or stochastic, and on the “cardinality” of the experiment relative to the theory.
Effect of Small Angle Misalignments on Ocular Wavefront Zernike Coefficients
Authors: Safarian Baloujeh Ebrahim , Ávila Francisco J. , González-Méijome José M.
Published: August 2024

Purpose: To assess the possible impact of minor changes in fixation on wavefront measurements as a potential constraint in detecting subtle temporal variations in ocular wavefront error. Methods: Twelve healthy subjects with an average age of 36.3 ± 8.8 were instructed to put their heads in the aberrometer’s chin-rest and look at a fixation target that was embedded in the device. The fixation targets were readily observable to the participants without accommodation, thanks to the aberrometer’s Badal system. When each eye was staring at the target, its wavefront aberration was recorded three times and then averaged for further analysis. The averaged Zernike coefficients were rescaled to the smallest value of the maximum round pupil found among all eyes (4.41 mm), and this procedure was repeated for each target. Results: Alteration of the fixation targets caused changes to the Zernike coefficients of defocus (C(2,0)), vertical trefoil (C(3,–3)), vertical coma (C(3,–1)), horizontal coma (C(3,1)), oblique trefoil (C(3,3)), primary spherical aberration (C(4,0)), and secondary spherical aberration (C(6,0)), but the changes were not statistically significant. Nevertheless, an alteration in the target’s size and shape exhibited a significant correlation across all of the aforementioned coefficients in both eyes (p < 0.05). The total RMS of aberrations and the RMS of the spherical-like aberrations were both lowest while choosing the larger Maltese cross, and the bigger E-letter minimized the RMS of HOA and comatic aberrations. Conclusion: The aberrometric changes occur as a consequence of altering the fixational gaze and are within the range of the changes found after performing a near-vision task, so they might potentially act as a confounding factor when attempting to identify such small variations in the ocular wavefront. Using a smaller E-letter (5 arcmin) as an internal fixation target resulted in the least standard deviation of measurements, fixational stability, and higher accuracy in ocular wavefront measurements.
Theoretical Investigation of the Influence of Correlated Electric Fields on Wavefront Shaping
Authors: Fritzsche Niklas , Ott Felix , Hevisov David , Reitzle Dominik , Kienle Alwin
Published: August 2024

Wavefront shaping is a well-known method of restoring a focus deep within scattering media by manipulating the incident light. However, the achievable focus enhancement depends on and is limited by the optical and geometrical properties of the medium. These properties contribute to the number of linearly independent transmission channels for light propagating through the turbid medium. Correlations occur when the number of incident waves coupled into the scattering medium exceeds this finite number of transmission channels. This paper investigates the wavefront shaping of such correlated electric fields. The influence of the observed correlations persists even though the average electric field distribution at positions in the focal plane follows a circular complex Gaussian. We show that correlations of the transmitted electric fields reduce the achievable intensity enhancement, even deep in the turbid medium. The investigations are carried out using a Monte Carlo algorithm. It is based on the speckle statistics of independent waves and introduces correlations of neighbouring electric fields via a Cholesky decomposition of the covariance matrix. Additional investigations include scenarios where the electric fields are not completely randomized, such as for ballistic or insufficiently scattered light. Significant contributions from such little-scattered light are observed to reduce the intensity enhancement further. Data from simulations solving Maxwell’s equations are compared with the results obtained from the Monte Carlo simulations for validation throughout this paper.
Genomic Survey of LRR-RLK Genes in Eriobotrya japonica and Their Expression Patterns Responding to Environmental Stresses
Authors: Yang Mengqi , Min Tian , Manda Teja , Yang Liming , Hwarari Delight
Published: August 2024

The impact of global warming is increasing and thus exacerbating environmental stresses that affect plant yield and distribution, including the Eriobotrya japonica Lindl (Loquat tree). Eriobotrya japonica, a member of the Rosaceae family, is valued not only for its nutritious fruit but also for its medicinal purposes, landscape uses, and other pharmacological benefits. Nonetheless, the productivity of Eriobotrya japonica has raised a lot of concern in the wake of adverse environmental conditions. Understanding the characteristics of the LRR-RLK gene family in loquat is crucial, as these genes play vital roles in plant stress responses. In this study, 283 LRR-RLK genes were identified in the genome of E. japonica that were randomly positioned on 17 chromosomes and 24 contigs. The 283 EjLRR-RLK proteins clustered into 21 classes and subclasses in the phylogenetic analysis based on domain and protein arrangements. Further explorations in the promoter regions of the EjLRR-RLK genes showed an abundance of cis-regulatory elements that functioned in growth and development, phytohormone, and biotic and abiotic responses. Most cis-elements were present in the biotic and abiotic responses suggesting that the EjLRR-RLK genes are invested in regulating both biotic and abiotic stresses. Additional investigations into the responses of EjLRR-RLK genes to abiotic stress using the RT-qPCR revealed that EjLRR-RLK genes respond to abiotic stress, especially heat and salt stresses. Particularly, EjapXI-1.6 and EjapI-2.5 exhibited constant upregulation in all stresses analyzed, indicating that these may take an active role in regulating abiotic stresses. Our findings suggest the pivotal functions of EjLRR-RLK genes although additional research is still required. This research aims to provide useful information relating to the characterization of EjLRR-RLK genes and their responses to environmental stresses, establishing a concrete base for the following research.
Combined Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Accumulation of Anthocyanins in Grape Berry (Vitis vinifera L.) under High-Temperature Stress
Authors: Dou Feifei , Phillip Fesobi Olumide , Liu Huaifeng
Published: August 2024

In grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivation, high temperatures (HTs) usually reduce the accumulation of anthocyanins. In order to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis under high-temperature environments, we investigated the effects of HT stress at veraison (5% coloring of grape ears) on fruit coloration and anthocyanin biosynthesis in ‘Summer Black’ (XH) and ‘Flame seedless’ (FL) grapevines. Compared to the control group (35 °C), the total anthocyanin content of XH and FL grapes subjected to a high-temperature (HT) treatment group (40 °C) decreased significantly as the HT treatment continued, but showed an upward trend with fruit development. However, the concentration of procyanidins increased significantly following HT treatment but decreased with fruit development. Nonetheless, FL grapes showed some resistance to the HT condition, producing anthocyanin content at ripeness comparable to the control group, demonstrating a greater adaptability to HT conditions than XH grapes. Based on the CIRG index, at stage S4, the fruit of FL was classified as dark red, while XH was classified as blue-black in the control group. Anthocyanin-targeted metabonomics identified eight different types of anthocyanins accumulating in the peels of XH and FL grapes during ripening, including cyanidins, delphinidins, malvidins, pelargonidins, peonidins, petunidins, procyanidins, and flavonoids. Malvidins were the most abundant in the two grape varieties, with malvidin-3-O-glucoside being more sensitive to high temperatures. HT treatment also down-regulated the expression of structural genes and regulators involved in the anthocyanin synthesis pathways. We used the WGCNA method to identify two modules that were significantly correlated with total anthocyanin and procyanidin contents. Among them, MYBCS1, bHLH137, WRKY65, WRKY75, MYB113-like, bZIP44, and GST3 were predicted to be involved in grape anthocyanin biosynthesis. In conclusion, this study conducted in-depth research on the HT inhibition of the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in XH and FL grapes, for reference.
Intergrative Taxonomic Study of the Frullania parvistipula Complex with a Modern Circumscription of the Section Trachycolea (Frullaniaceae, Marchantiphyta)
Authors: Mamontov Yuriy S. , Vilnet Anna A. , Atwood John J. , Konstantinova Nadezhda A.
Published: August 2024

Frullania (subg. Trachycolea) sect. Trachycolea has been studied using integrative taxonomy methods and utilizing sampling from almost all areas of distribution of the species previously referred to this section. A phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal ITS1-2 and chloroplast trnL-F sequence data and a morphological study reveal a wide range of morphological variability within specimens that has largely disguised the overall taxonomic diversity. Frullania parvistipula, previously regarded as a widespread species, has been found to represent a group of separate species within different sections of F. subg. Trachycolea: F. caucasica and F. conistipula in F. sect. Trachycolea, F. parvistipula in F. sect. Australes, and F. fukuzawana in F. sect. Integristipulae II. Illustrations of the type specimens of F. conistipula, F. fukuzawana, and F. parvistipula, as well as illustrations of the sequenced specimens belonging to two of the discussed species (F. conistipula and F. parvistipula), are provided. The morphological differences separating the highly similar F. caucasica, F. conistipula, F. fukuzawana, F. koponenii, and F. parvistipula are discussed. A dichotomous key is presented for accepted species. New combinations are provided for two taxa.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Effect of Carbon Nanotube Diameter on Properties of Crosslinked Epichlorohydrin Rubbers
Authors: Wang Zepeng , Li Xinyan , Yu Liangchen , Song Junping
Published: August 2024

Molecular dynamics simulation (MD) technology can be used to simulate and study the physicochemical properties of polymer materials on the basis of material data obtained in traditional experiments. In this study, we use MD to construct models of crosslinked carbon nanotubes/epichlorohydrin rubber composites with different carbon nanotube diameters and study the effect of CNT tube diameter on crosslinked ECO. The results show that with the increase in CNT tube diameter, the contact area between the CNTs and rubber matrix increases, the interaction force is enhanced, the free volume fraction of rubber matrix decreases by 21.36%, the glass transition temperature increases by 6.5%, the mean square displacement decreases, the radius of gyration decreases by 3.18 Å, and the radial distribution function of the C-atom group and the H-atom group in the system gradually decreases. The binding energy between the two is elevated, which in turn verifies the enhancement of the interaction force.
Gold Nanoparticles Modulate Excimer and Exciplex Dynamics of PDDCP-Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Ibnaouf Khalid H. , Alsadig Ahmed , Idriss Hajo , Ibrahem Moez A. , Cabrera Humberto
Published: August 2024

How plasmonic nanostructures modulate the behavior of exciplexes and excimers within materials remains unclear. Thus, advanced knowledge is essential to bridge this gap for the development of optoelectronic devices that leverage the interplay between plasmonic and conjugated polymer hybrid materials. Herein, this work aims to explore the role of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in modulating exciplex and excimer states within the conjugated polymer poly(2,5-di(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy) cyanoterephthalylidene) (PDDCP), known for its photoluminescent and semi-conductive properties, aiming to create innovative composite materials with tailored optical features. The spectral analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of AuNPs on the PDDCP, varying AuNP volume percentages to measure changes in the absorption profile, molar extinction coefficient (ε), absorption cross-section (σa), and optical bandgap (Eg). Fluorescence spectra of the mixture at different volume ratios were also examined to assess exciplex formation, while amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) profiles were analyzed to study the behavior and photochemical stability of the polymer–NP hybrid material. Increasing AuNP volume induced both blue and red shifts in the absorption profile of the PDDCP. Higher AuNPs concentrations correlated with decreased ε and σa, inversely impacting Eg. The emission spectra obtained at varied AuNP volume ratios indicated significantly enhanced exciplex and excimer formations. The ASE profiles remained consistent but showed reduced intensity with increasing AuNPs concentrations, indicating their influence on hybrid material behavior and stability. The findings suggest that AuNPs affect PDDCP’s optical characteristics, altering the absorption profile, bandgap, and fluorescence spectra. Furthermore, the observed reduction in ASE intensity highlights their influence on the behavior and photochemical stability of the hybrid material. These results contribute to a better understanding of the versatile applications of plasmonic-conjugated hybrid polymers.
The Effect of Rubber–Metal Interactions on the Mechanical, Magneto–Mechanical, and Electrical Properties of Iron, Aluminum, and Hybrid Filler-Based Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Composites
Authors: Alam Md Najib , Kumar Vineet , Jeong Seok-U , Park Sang-Shin
Published: August 2024

Multifunctional stretchable rubber composites are gaining attention due to their unique electrical, mechanical, and magnetic properties. However, their high production costs pose economic challenges. This study explores the use of cost-effective metal powders—iron, aluminum, and their 1:1 (vol/vol) hybrid filler—in styrene–butadiene rubber composites, varying from 10 to 20 vol%. The effects of these metal particles on the mechanical, electrical, morphological, and swelling properties were investigated. Metal particles generally act as non-reinforcing fillers but can significantly enhance the mechanical modulus, electrical, and magnetic properties based on the filler structure and the filler–rubber interactions. Iron-based composites exhibit significant electrical conductivity and excellent magnetic properties. Aluminum enhances the modulus, while the combination yields average mechanical properties with added magnetic characteristics. Iron demonstrates higher reactivity with sulfur-based crosslinking ingredients, adversely affecting the rubber matrix’s crosslinks, as shown by swelling tests. This reactivity is attributed to iron’s transition metal characteristics. At 20 vol%, iron-filled composites display the highest magnetic anisotropic effect on toughness (~25%) under a magnetic field by permanent magnets and excellent electrical conductivity (1.5 × 10−2 S/m). While iron significantly boosts the electrical and magnetic properties, higher filler amounts degrade the mechanical properties. These composites are currently suitable for electrical and smart mechanical applications, but incorporating reinforcing fillers could enhance their robustness for broader applications.
Development Status of Solar-Driven Interfacial Steam Generation Support Layer Based on Polymers and Biomaterials: A Review
Authors: Yan Haipeng , Wang Pan , Li Lingsha , Zhao Zixin , Xiang Yang , Guo Haoqian , Yang Boli , Yang Xulin , Li Kui , Li Ying , He Xiaohong , You Yong
Published: August 2024

With the increasing shortage of water resources and the aggravation of water pollution, solar-driven interfacial steam generation (SISG) technology has garnered considerable attention because of its low energy consumption, simple operation, and environmental friendliness. The popular multi-layer SISG evaporator is composed of two basic structures: a photothermal layer and a support layer. Herein, the support layer underlies the photothermal layer and carries out thermal management, supports the photothermal layer, and transports water to the evaporation interface to improve the stability of the evaporator. While most research focuses on the photothermal layer, the support layer is typically viewed as a supporting object for the photothermal layer. This review focuses on the support layer, which is relatively neglected in evaporator development. It summarizes existing progress in the field of multi-layer interface evaporators, based on various polymers and biomaterials, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Specifically, mainly polymer-based support layers are reviewed, including polymer foams, gels, and their corresponding functional materials, while biomaterial support layers, including natural plants, carbonized biomaterials, and other innovation biomaterials are not. Additionally, the corresponding structure design strategies for the support layer were also involved. It was found that the selection and optimal design of the substrate also played an important role in the efficient operation of the whole steam generation system. Their evolution and refinement are vital for advancing the sustainability and effectiveness of interfacial evaporation technology. The corresponding potential future research direction and application prospects of support layer materials are carefully presented to enable effective responses to global water challenges.
UV Resistance and Wetting of PLA Webs Obtained by Solution Blow Spinning
Authors: Baklan Denys , Bilousova Anna , Wesolowski Miroslaw
Published: August 2024

In this work, the resistance of polylactide-based non-wovens produced by solution blow spinning to environmental factors was investigated. An average contact angle of up to 136° was achieved with an average fiber diameter of 340 nm at the optimal material density and nozzle–substrate distance. When exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the polylactide non-wovens rapidly lose their hydrophobic properties due to changes in surface morphology resulting from fiber melting. It was demonstrated that the influence of surface structural features on hydrophobicity is greater than that of the material itself. The stability of the wetting properties under UV irradiation was assessed using the derivative parameters of the Owens–Wendt technique, which can serve as an additional method for estimating surface polarity.
An Assessment of Biodegradability and Phytotoxicity of Natural Rubber in a Simulated Soil Condition via CO2 Evolution Measurement
Authors: Pattanawanidchai Sirichai , Saeoui Pongdhorn , Leejarkpai Thanawadee , Pokphat Peeraphong , Jiangchareon Banphot , Thuanboon Swieng , Boonyuen Nattawut , Suriyachadkun Chanwit , Boonmee Chomnutcha
Published: August 2024

In this study, the biodegradation of various natural rubber (NR) samples, i.e., neat NR and NR filled with two different curative contents was investigated under a long-term simulated soil condition at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C in accordance with ISO 17556. Natural clay loam soil, with a pH of 7.2 and a water holding capacity of 57.6%, was employed. Under controlled test condition both unvulcanized and vulcanized NR samples having low curative content, respectively designated as UNRL and VNRL, exhibited similar biodegradation behaviors to the neat NR. They showed fast biodegradation at the early stage, and their biodegradation rate did not significantly change throughout the test period (365 days). However, for the NR samples having high curative content, respectively called UNRH and VNRH for the unvulcanized and vulcanized samples, a biodegradation delay was observed within the first 130 days. Surprisingly, the UNRH showed a relatively high biodegradation rate after the induction period. At the end of the test, most of the rubber samples (the neat NR, UNRL, VNRL, and UNRH) showed a comparable degree of biodegradation, with a value ranging from 54–59%. The VNRH, on the other hand, showed the lowest degree of biodegradation (ca. 28%). The results indicate that the number of curatives does not significantly affect the biodegradability of unvulcanized NR in the long term, despite the fact that a high curative content might retard microorganism activity at the beginning of the biodegradation process. Apparently, crosslink density is one of the key factors governing the biodegradability of NR. The phytotoxicity of the soils after the biodegradation test was also assessed and represented in terms of seedling emergence, survival rate, and plant biomass for Sorghum bicolor. The values of seedling emergence (≥80%), survival rate (100%), and plant biomass of all soil samples were not statistically different from those of the blank soil, indicating the low phytotoxicity of the tested soils subjected to the biodegradation of the rubber samples. Taken as a whole, it can be concluded that the CO2 measurement technique is one of the most effective methods to assess the biodegradability of rubbers. The knowledge obtained from this study can also be applied to formulate more environmentally friendly rubber products.
Wastepaper-Based Cuprammonium Rayon Regenerated Using Novel Gaseous–Ammoniation Injection Process
Authors: Hindi Sherif S.
Published: August 2024

Rayon is an extremely valuable cellulosic fiber in the global textile industry. Since cuprammonium rayon is more eco-friendly than other types of rayon fabrics, it was synthesized by regenerating α–cellulose isolated from wastepaper using a novel gaseous-ammoniation injection (GAI) process. This was achieved by preparing tetra–ammine copper hydroxide (cuoxam solution) via reacting copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide to produce copper hydroxide that was, finally, ammoniated by injecting the gas directly to the reaction vessel instead of using ammonium hydroxide applied by prior art. After that, the air-dried cellulose was chemically generated by dissolving it in a freshly prepared cuoxam solution and, subsequently, was regenerated by extruding it within a hardening bath constituted mainly from citric acid, producing the cuprammonium rayon (c. rayon). The properties of the fibrous, structural (XRD and mechanical), physical, and chemical features were investigated. It was found that the rayon was produced in a high yield (90.3%) with accepted properties. The fibrous properties of the rayon staple length, linear density, and fiber diameter were found to be 44 mm, 235 Tex, and 19.4 µm, respectively. In addition, the mechanical properties determined, namely tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus of elasticity, and breaking tenacity, were found to be 218.3 MPa, 14.3 GPa, 16.1%, and 27.53 cN/Tex, respectively. Based on this finding, and upon injecting the ammonia gas through the α–cellulose saturated and immersed in the Cu (OH)2 to complete producing the cuoxam solvent, we find that theuse of an injection rate of 120 mL/minute to obtain the highest fibers’ tensile strength for the final product of the c. rayon is preferable. Utilization of higher rates will consume more amounts of the ammonia gas without gaining noticeable enhancement in the c. rayon’s mechanical quality. Accordingly, the GAI invention rendered the c. rayon favorable for use in making sustainable semisynthetic floss for either insulation purposes or spun threads for woven and nonwoven textile clothing.
AI-Based Integrated Smart Process Sensor for Emulsion Control in Industrial Application
Authors: Burke Inga , Salzer Sven , Stein Sebastian , Olusanya Tom Olatomiwa Olakunle , Thiel Ole Fabian , Kockmann Norbert
Published: August 2024

In industry, reliable process supervision is essential to ensure efficient, safe, and high-quality production. The droplet size distribution represents a critical quality attribute for emulsification processes and should be monitored. For emulsion characterization, image-based analysis methods are well-known but are often performed offline, leading to a time-delayed and error-prone process evaluation. The use of an integrated smart process sensor to characterize the emulsification process over time enables the real-time evaluation of the entire system. The presented integrated smart process sensor consists of an optical measurement flow cell built into a camera system. The overall system is placed in a bypass system of a production plant for emulsification processes. AI-based image evaluation is used in combination with a feature extraction method (You Only Look Once version 4 (YOLOv4) and Hough circle (HC)) to characterize the process over time. The sensor system is installed in the plant and tested with different cosmetic products. Various iteration, prototyping, and test steps for the final sensor design are performed prior to this in a laboratory test setup. The results indicate robust and accurate detection and determination of the droplet size in real time to improve product control and save time. For benchmarking the integrated smart process sensor, the results are compared with common analysis methods using offline samples.
Long-Term Mental Health after High-Density Polyethylene-Based Porous Orbital Implant in Enucleated and Eviscerated Patients
Authors: Garrido-Hermosilla Antonio Manuel , Martínez-Alberquilla Irene , Díaz-Ruiz María Concepción , Monge-Carmona Raquel , Méndez-Muros Mariola , López-Díaz Álvaro , Sánchez-Margalet Víctor , Gutiérrez-Sánchez Estanislao , Relimpio-López María Isabel , Rodríguez-de-la-Rúa-Franch Enrique
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To assess the overall mental health of enucleated or eviscerated patients after high-density porous polyethylene OCULFIT implantation and external prosthesis over a 1-year follow-up. Methods: Patients with an indication of enucleation or evisceration with OCULFIT implantation were included in a prospective study. The patients completed four questionnaires regarding mental health at three different visits (baseline, 3–6 months, and 9–12 months post-surgery). The questionnaires used were the following: SF-12 for multidimensional health-related quality of life (scale 0–100); Rosemberg self-esteem scale (scale 0–40); Patients Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) (scale 0–6); and a Lifetime Major Depression and Anhedonia questionnaire (categorised in groups with/without symptoms). Results: A total of 33 patients (16 enucleations and 17 eviscerations) were included in the study. The physical domain of the SF-12 questionnaire did not change between visits, but the mental domain significantly improved from the baseline to the last visit (41.71 ± 12.72 vs. 46.80 ± 10.68, p = 0.04). The number of patients with high, moderate, and low self-esteem (Rosemberg scale) was similar between the baseline and the last visit. The depression and anxiety scores of the PHQ-4 were not significantly different among visits. The number of patients with no symptoms (depression or anhedonia) improved from the baseline (42.2%) throughout the follow-up (66.7% at the last visit). Conclusions: OCULFIT orbital implant and external prosthesis placement maintained and/or improved the quality of life related to mental health in eviscerated and enucleated eyes. The number of patients with no symptoms improved from the baseline throughout the follow-up. The patients’ self-esteem was already high before implantation and remained stable over the follow-up.
Women in the Australian Baptist Denomination in Peace and War, 1920–1945
Authors: Hilton Rebecca
Published: August 2024

Exploring the roles and activities of Australian Baptist women is essential to present a complete history of the Australian Baptist denomination. Many historical narratives do not include women’s work in the denomination despite their numerical dominance. This article provides a brief overview of women’s work in their congregations and the broader denomination from 1920 to 1945. Women’s organisations were important as a vehicle for women’s ministries and fundraising, and they enabled talented individuals to be involved in leading and managing organisations, as well as demonstrating their theological views through speeches.
Deras, Identity, and Caste Cleavages in the Sikh-Dominated Society of Punjab
Authors: Singh Surinder
Published: August 2024

The argument of the paper is that deras, as religio-spiritual and philanthropic organizations, play a critical role in the identity formation of their followers (by providing them distinct symbols, sacred texts, gurus, cultural traits, codes of conduct, rituals, and prayers), which score the social surface and carve out numbers of distinct religio-cultural groups in the Sikh-dominated society of Punjab. Moreover, the value gainsay, along with the orchestrated identity formation process of deras, generates conflict in the Sikh-dominated society of Punjab, which deepens the prevailing social cleavages as well as generating new conflicts in the society. Such conflicts further degrade the social position of deras’ followers (who invariably belong to Scheduled Castes and Backward Castes) and even marginalize them within their own erstwhile caste(s) and community. By taking Dera Sacha Sauda as a reference, the paper shows that the value gainsay and the identity formation processes of the dera generate social conflict between its followers and radical Sikhs in Punjab. The study reveals that such conflict not only generates new social cleavage(s) (viz., Premies vs. Sikhs) between the two ideologically distinct segments but also engenders the prevailing caste and class cleavages in society.
Dual-Axis Worship Space of Buddha, Dharma, and Ancestors in Huayansi, Western Capital: The Liao Dynasty’s Political and Diplomatic Context (10th–11th Centuries)
Authors: Bin Huizhong
Published: August 2024

The Huayansi 華嚴寺, situated at the frontier stronghold of the Liao Dynasty in the Western Capital, is a significant royal temple that preserves two main halls from the Liao and Jin Dynasties to this day. Through a systematic examination of the Liaoshi 《遼史》 and the related literature, this study offers a novel interpretation of the east–west dual-axial layout of the Huayansi and its historical significance. It further discusses the integral artistic space of the Buddha and the Dharma within the Bhagavata Scriptures Hall 薄伽教藏殿, which shapes the spiritual realm of the Western Pure Land, thereby repositioning and enhancing the historical value of the Bhagavata Scriptures Hall. The article elucidates the political and cultural core elements embedded within the formation of the parallel axes of the Bhagavata Scriptures Hall and the Mahavira Hall, which are closely associated with three pivotal years in the Liao Dynasty: 1038, 1044, and 1062. This not only reflects the grand historical context of the Liao Dynasty’s domestic governance and foreign policy during the 10th and 11th centuries but also encapsulates the rich and diverse religious beliefs and cultural traits of the Khitan 契丹 people. The axis space of the Bhagavata Scriptures Hall, constructed earlier during the reign of Xingzong 興宗 to house the Liao Canon 《遼藏》, along with the architectural complex of the Huayansi—named and commissioned by Emperor Daozong 道宗 24 years later—collectively establishes a dual-axial worship space at the Grand Huayansi, sanctified by the triad of the Buddha 佛, the Dharma 法, and the Ancestors 祖. This underscores the Liao Dynasty’s political objectives of deterring hostile states and ensuring national security within the framework of Buddhist veneration and ancestor worship.