bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Metal Ions on the Biological Properties of Cefadroxil
Authors: Auda Sayed H. , Knütter Ilka , Bretschneider Beate , Brandsch Matthias , Mrestani Yahya , Große Cornelia , Neubert Reinhard H. H.
Published: December 2009

The effect of different metal ions on the intestinal transport and the antibacterial activity of cefadroxil [(6R,7R)-7-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid] was investigated. The [14C]Gly-Sar uptake via PEPT1 was inhibited by Zn2+ and Cu2+ treatment in a concentration-dependent manner (Ki values 107 ± 23 and 19 ± 5 μM, respectively). Kinetic analysis showed that the Kt of Gly-Sar uptake was increased 2-fold in the presence of zinc sulphate (150 μM) whereas the Vmax value were not affected suggesting that zinc ions inhibited Gly-Sar uptake by PEPT1 in a competitively manner. Ni2+ exhibited moderate inhibitory effect, whereas Co2+, Mg2+, Al3+ ions showed no inhibitory effect on Gly-Sar uptake via PEPT1. Subsequently, we examined the effect of Zn2+ and Al3+ ions on the transepithelial transport of cefadroxil across Caco-2 cells cultured on permeable supports. The results showed that zinc ions inhibited the transepithelial flux of cefadroxil at Caco-2 cell monolayers while Al3+ ions had no effect. The interaction of cephalosporins with the metal ions could suggest negative effects of some metal ions on the clinical aspects of small intestinal peptide and drug transport. Finally, the effect of Zn2+, Cu2+ and Al3+ ions on the antibacterial activity of cefadroxil was tested. It was found that there is no significant difference between the activity of cefadroxil and the cefadroxil metal ion complexes studied against the investigated sensitive bacterial species.
Resveratrol: An Antiaging Drug with Potential Therapeutic Applications in Treating Diseases
Authors: Camins Antoni , Junyent Felix , Verdaguer Ester , Beas-Zarate Carlos , Rojas-Mayorquín Argelia E. , Ortuño-Sahagún Daniel , Pallàs Mercè
Published: December 2009

The prevention of aging is one of the most fascinating areas in biomedicine. The first step in the development of effective drugs for aging prevention is a knowledge of the biochemical pathways responsible for the cellular aging process. In this context it seems clear that free radicals play a key role in the aging process. However, in recent years it has been demonstrated that the families of enzymes called sirtuins, specifically situin 1 (SIRT1), have an anti-aging action. Thus, the natural compound resveratrol is a natural compound that shows a very strong activation of SIRT1 and also shows antioxidant effects. By activating sirtuin 1, resveratrol modulates the activity of numerous proteins, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α (PGC-1 alpha), the FOXO family, Akt (protein kinase B) and NFκβ. In the present review, we suggest that resveratrol may constitute a potential drug for prevention of ageing and for the treatment of several diseases due to its antioxidant properties and sirtuin activation.
Astrobiology, Sustainability and Ethical Perspectives
Authors: Arnould Jacques
Published: December 2009

Astrobiology, a new field of research associating the prospects and constraints of prebiotic chemistry, mineralogy, geochemistry, astrophysics, theoretical physics, microbial ecology, etc., is assessed in terms of sustainability through the scientific and social functions it fulfils, and the limits it encounters or strives to overcome. In the same way as sustainable development, astrobiology must also take into account the temporal dimension specific to its field of investigation and examine its underlying conception of Nature.
Interplay between Herpesvirus Infection and Host Defense by PML Nuclear Bodies
Authors: Tavalai Nina , Stamminger Thomas
Published: December 2009

In recent studies we and others have identified the cellular proteins PML, hDaxx, and Sp100, which form a subnuclear structure known as nuclear domain 10 (ND10) or PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), as host restriction factors that counteract herpesviral infections by inhibiting viral replication at different stages. The antiviral function of ND10, however, is antagonized by viral regulatory proteins (e.g., ICP0 of herpes simplex virus; IE1 of human cytomegalovirus) which induce either a modification or disruption of ND10. This review will summarize the current knowledge on how viral replication is inhibited by ND10 proteins. Furthermore, herpesviral strategies to defeat this host defense mechanism are discussed.
BUILDING AN ARTIFICIAL STOCK MARKET POPULATED BY REINFORCEMENT‐LEARNING AGENTS
Authors: Rutkauskas Aleksandras Vytautas , Ramanauskas Tomas
Published: December 2009

In this paper we propose an artificial stock market model based on interaction of heterogeneous agents whose forward-looking behaviour is driven by the reinforcement-learning algorithm combined with some evolutionary selection mechanism. We use the model for the analysis of market self-regulation abilities, market efficiency and determinants of emergent properties of the financial market. Distinctive and novel features of the model include strong emphasis on the economic content of individual decision-making, application of the Q-learning algorithm for driving individual behaviour, and rich market setup. Along with that a parallel version of the model is presented, which is mainly based on research of current changes in the market, as well as on search of newly emerged consistent patterns, and which has been repeatedly used for optimal decisions’ search experiments in various capital markets.
Assessing Resilience
Authors: Wagnild Gail M. , Collins Jeanette A.
Published: December 2009

As more studies reveal the positive relationships between resilience and aging well, mental health practitioners are increasingly interested in recognizing and strengthening resilience among aging Baby Boomers. Although there is much information on characteristics of resilience, there is very little research on assessing for resilience. This article presents a framework for assessing resilience among middle-aged and older adults that includes the Resilience Scale and open-ended questions to provide clients opportunities to reflect on and perhaps rediscover their resilience. This assessment framework may be useful for mental health practitioners using a strengths-based approach with their clients.
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Carbray Julie A. , McGuinness Teena M.
Published: December 2009

Pediatric bipolar disorder differs from the adult form of the disorder, marked by longer episodes, rapid cycling, prominent irritability, and high rates of comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders. A careful assessment by families of children's symptoms, including their duration and intensity, helps with accurate diagnosis. After the diagnosis is made and careful psychopharmacological intervention is initiated, psychiatric nursing treatment of children and adolescents with pediatric bipolar disorder should involve child- and family-focused cognitive-behavioral therapies, family support, and psychoeducation.
Dealing with Bullying in the Workplace: Toward Zero Tolerance
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Hunt Glenn E. , Walter Garry , Robertson Michael
Published: December 2009

Recent reports indicate an absence of respect in workplace culture. Every person has the right to a workplace that is fair and equitable and in which he or she is treated with respect and dignity. Working in a collegial manner is challenging when environments have staff who engage in unprofessional or disruptive behaviors. A number of steps can be taken to support a healthy workplace and prevent bullying. Healthy workplaces are ones in which leaders and managers lead by example, champion respect, and set the tone and expectation for behaviors essential for fostering a harmonious and collaborative environment. The role of the leader/manager is crucial in developing a positive workplace culture that supports a high level of professionalism and a culture of zero tolerance toward bullying.
Clinical Outcomes of LASIK for Myopia Using the SCHWIND Platform With Ocular Wavefront Customized Ablation
Authors: Arbelaez Maria Clara , Vidal Camila , Mosquera Samuel Arba
Published: December 2009

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of aspheric ocular wavefront ablation profiles in LASIK treatments.

Methods:

Thirty eyes treated by ocular wavefront were retrospectively analyzed at 6-month follow-up. Custom Ablation Manager (CAM) software was used to plan wavefront-customized aspheric treatments, and the ESIRIS system was used to perform ablations (SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions). Outcomes were evaluated in terms of efficacy, predictability, refractive outcome, safety, and pre- and postoperative wavefront aberration analysis (SCHWIND Ocular Wavefront Analyzer).

Results:

At 6 months postoperatively, 47% of eyes achieved uncorrected visual acuity 20/20 or better. Average defocus was reduced from −3.49±2.38 diopters (D) preoperatively (range: −10.63 to 0.00 D) to −0.14±0.31 D postoperatively (range: −1.75 to 0.00 D). Astigmatism was reduced from −0.81±1.15 D (range: −4.25 to 0.00 D) to −0.25±0.37 D (range: −1.25 to 0.00 D). Eighty-six percent of eyes were within ±0.50 D. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (logMAR) improved from +0.12±0.08 (range: 0.0 to +0.2) to −0.05±0.13 (range: −0.2 to +0.2) (P=.04). The treatment did not change coma or spherical aberration, and reduced the trefoil from 0.21±0.13 µm (range: 0.05 to 0.53 µm) to 0.08±0.13 µm (range: 0.01 to 0.39 µm) (P=.002).

Conclusions:

The study results indicate that the aspheric ocular wavefront customized CAM approach for planning ablation volumes is safe and effective.

[J Refract Surg. 2009;25:1083–1090.]
Enrollamiento en Conocoryphe heberti Munier-Chalmas & Bergeron, 1889 (Cámbrico Medio, Cadena Ibérica, NE de España) y estructuras coaptativas en la familia Conocoryphidae
Authors: Esteve J.
Published: December 2009

Se describe por primera vez en detalle el enrollamiento de Conocoryphe heberti y se compara con el posible enrollamiento de Occatharia sdzuyi, ambas son especies de conocorífidos abundantes en el Cámbrico medio de la subprovincia Mediterránea. El análisis morfológico permite reconocer la presencia de una serie de estructuras coaptativas, relacionadas con el enrollamiento y que indican que estas dos especies poseerían una enrollamiento bastante hermético. Se analizan las estructuras coaptativas en cefalones, pigidios y ejemplares completos no enrollados de Bailiella levyi, Bailiaspis souchoni y Parabailiella languedocensis pertenecientes a la misma familia. Al analizar las estructuras coaptativas en cefalones y pigidios de estas cinco especies, se observa que estas estructuras presentan una cierta variabilidad dentro de su gran similitud, lo que permite proponer la posible existencia de varios tipos de enrollamiento dentro de los conocorífidos.
INFLUENCE OF SOIL PHYSICAL FACTORS ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE LARVAE AND PUPAE OF THE BEAN LEAF BEETLE,CEROTOMA TRIFURCATA(COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Marrone P. G. , Stinner R. E.
Published: December 2009

Effects of soil moisture, texture, and temperature on larval and pupal survival and development of the bean leaf beetle,Cerotoma trifurcata(Forster), were investigated in laboratory and greenhouse studies. In both cases, mortality rates were highest during the first instar, decreased during subsequent larval instars, then increased during the pupal stage. Under constant laboratory conditions, survival and adult weights were highest in wet and organic soils and lowest in dry and loamy sand soils. In wet and organic soils, developmental time was shorter than in other soils.

Although survival/plant in the greenhouse was greatest in sandy clay loam, survival/nodule was greatest in organic soil.

These studies, together with oviposition preference, egg survival, and larval movement experiments agree with field observations and provide some explanations for observed patterns of local and regional abundance of the bean leaf beetle in North Carolina.
TWIG FEEDING BY SCOLYTUS MULTISTRIATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): WITHIN-TREE DISTRIBUTION AND USE FOR ASSESSMENT OF MASS TRAPPING
Authors: Rabaglia Robert J. , Lanier Gerald N.
Published: December 2009

Twig-feeding injuries by S. multistriatus in juvenile white (or American) elms occurred primarily (61%) in the upper 1/3 of the crowns. Preferred feeding sites were crotches formed by the previous year's and current year's twig growth (both spring and summer) and by leaf petioles from current year's twig growth (summer only). An index of twig feeding appeared to reflect S. multistriatus population trends and was closely correlated with Dutch elm disease rates in Syracuse, N.Y., from 1978 to 1982. Twig-feeding indices and catches on sticky traps baited with S. multistriatus pheromone were generally correlated, but disparate when competing natural pheromone sources were abundant. Twig sampling indicated that S. multistriatus populations and disease rates were reduced by mass-trapping and trap-tree techniques. The twig-sampling method presented appears to be useful in predicting Dutch elm disease rates and assessing the effectiveness of measures to control its beetle vector.
MINOR SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS OF MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND IMPROVED BLENDS FOR ATTRACTION OF MALE MOTHS
Authors: Struble D. L. , Ayre G. L. , Byers J. R.
Published: December 2009

The sex pheromone of bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata (Walker), was reported to be (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac) and an unidentified tetradecenyl acetate. Electroantennogram responses of male antennae to synthetic isomeric tetradecenyl acetates and attractancy tests under field conditions showed that the highest number of males were captured with a blend of Z9-14:Ac: Z11-16:Ac in a ratio of 1:19 (Underhill et al. 1977). This blend has been useful for monitoring the relative abundances of bertha armyworm; however, in 162 monitor traps in southern Alberta from 1979 to 1982, the catches consisted of 18.4% Agroperina cogitata (Sm)
PEST MANAGEMENT OF DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): A SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING METHOD TO DETERMINE EGG MASS DENSITY
Authors: Shepherd R. F. , Otvos I. S. , Chorney R. J.
Published: December 2009

A sequential egg-mass sample system for Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), was designed, based on visual scanning of the lower branches of Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. A branch was removed from each quadrant from the upper, middle and lower crown level, and from the lowest whorl of a total of 59 non-defoliated trees in 10 areas. No consistent trend in egg-mass density per branch could be found between crown levels and no level proved superior as a representative of the tree. Therefore, the lower whorl of branches was selected for survey purposes because of sampling efficiency. Sample stop lines were determined from egg-mass density and variability data collected on 55 sites and subsequent defoliation estimates were related to these densities. The system is designed as an early detection tool to be used only in non-defoliated stands at the incipient stage of an impending outbreak.
DIGRESSOBOMBUS, A NEW SUBGENUS WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE MALE OF BOMBUS DIGRESSUS (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)
Authors: Laverty T. M. , Plowright R. C. , Williams P. H.
Published: December 2009

The male of the rare Bombus digressus (Milliron) is described based on new material from Costa Rica. Both male and worker castes display unusual combinations of structural characteristics and the unique male genitalia are considered to warrant the erection of a new monotypic subgenus, Digressobombus.
EFFECTS OF RESIDUES OF CHITIN-SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS ON EGG HATCH AND SUBSEQUENT LARVAL ENTRY OF THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)
Authors: Moffitt H. R. , Mantey K. D. , Tamaki G.
Published: December 2009

In laboratory and field studies with the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), TH 6043 and TH 6044, experimental benzoylphenyl urea chitin-synthesis inhibitors, were as effective as diflubenzuron in reducing egg hatch and subsequent larval entry when eggs were deposited on previously treated fruits or foliage. All three compounds exhibited extended residual activity, with significant reductions in egg hatch occurring over a 19-week period. TH 6045 exhibited little activity against codling moth. All compounds tested were relatively ineffective in reducing egg hatch or subsequent larval entry when they were applied topically to deposited eggs, except for the red ring stage of development which was slightly affected.
OCCURRENCE OF THE PECAN WEEVIL, CURCULIO CARYAE (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), IN PERSIAN WALNUT, JUGLANS REGIA
Authors: Foott W. H. , Timmins P. R.
Published: December 2009

The pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), is a native American species that was first described by Horn (1873) from specimens bred from hickory nuts at Brooklyn, New York. It has been regarded as an obligatory feeder on nuts of the genus Carya (Gibson 1969; Harris 1983), and is especially troublesome in commercial hickory nut and pecan orchards.
A PILOT BLACK FLY (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) CONTROL PROGRAM USING BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS IN NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: Colbo M. H. , O'Brien H.
Published: December 2009

A pilot black fly control program using Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on a small stream system near St. John's, Newfoundland resulted in a 70% or greater population reduction of adult black flies from the previous year. The species present in the system were Prosimulium mixtum, Stegopterna mutata, Eusimulium vernum, Simulium tuberosum, S. venustum/verecundum complex, and S. vittatum. The formulation used was Teknar® flowable concentrate (Sandoz Inc.) rated at 600 ITU/mg which proved effective against the larval stages of all black fly species at a dose of 10 ppm for 1 min. The results indicated that this agent will be effective if applied at the appropriate locations and times. The 1-min dose was practical except in very cold water (0°–7 °C) where a 5-min or longer dose may be required. The unpredictable relief pattern of the northern streams resulted in a highly variable downstream carry for the B.t.i. Therefore application sites must be determined by a stream survey and not just from discharge characteristics.
INTER- AND INTRASPECIFIC LARVAL COMPETITION INAPHIDIUS SMITHIANDPRAON PEQUODORUM(HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE)
Authors: Chow F. J. , Mackauer M.
Published: December 2009

Superparasitism and multiple parasitism of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris), by the solitary hymenopterous parasitesAphidius smithiSharma & Subba Rao andPraon pequodorumViereck were studied in the laboratory. In intraspecific competition, an older larva usually eliminated a younger one; exceptions to this rule depended on the relative age difference and developmental stage of the competitors. In interspecific competition,P. pequodorumwas intrinsically superior toA. smithi, regardless of the latter's age. The stage of host parasitized and the number of competing larvae had no significant effect on the outcome of the contest.A. smithifemales discriminated against aphids previously parasitized by a conspecific female or byP. pequodorum, the degree of oviposition restraint increasing with the time between ovipositions.P. pequodorumfemales attacked aphids already parasitized byA. smithi, regardless of the age of theAphidiuslarva, but avoided oviposition when the aphid contained aPraonlarva or embryo. The rate of embryonic development is shown as a major factor in contest-type competition between first-stage larvae.
NEW APPROACH FOR SELECTING BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS
Authors: Hokkanen Heikki , Pimentel David
Published: December 2009

The success of introducing natural enemies for biological control was found to be about 75% higher employing new parasite–host (predator–prey) associations than those based on long-evolved associations between parasites and hosts. The lack of evolved interspecific balance in new species associations appears to explain the higher success rate. New exploiter–victim associations expand opportunities for the biological control of both introduced and native pests and should be used as the preferred method in selecting biological control agents.
THE USE OF DEGREE-DAYS TO PREDICT EMERGENCE OF THE APPLE MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), IN ONTARIO
Authors: Laing J. E. , Heraty J. M.
Published: December 2009

Adult flies of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), were monitored for 6 years at Guelph, Ontario using aerial and ground-emergence traps. Two degree-day (°D) models to predict adult emergence were tested. Fifty percent of the adults were captured in an average of 809 ± 50 (SD) °D8.7 and first capture was at 638 ± 60°D6.4. Degree-day models which have been proposed previously and those developed in this study were only slightly more accurate than average calendar date for predicting adult emergence. Differences in °D requirements for emergence in each year were correlated with the length of cold period and the correlation suggested that the length of cold period preceding morphogenesis affects either the number of °D required to complete postdiapause development or the threshold temperature for development.
EFFECT OF ASH FROM MOUNT ST. HELENS ON SURVIVAL OF NEONATE LARVAE OF THE DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)
Authors: Mason R. R. , Wickman B. E. , Paul H. G.
Published: December 2009

The eruption of Mount St. Helens in southwestern Washington on 18 May 1980, ejected tons of volcanic ash that settled over large portions of eastern Washington, northern Idaho, and western Montana. Although most of these areas received only a light dusting, the heaviest deposits in the central path of the ash plume formed a layer of ash 5 to 8 cm thick (Cook et al. 1981). The ash consisted of microscopic, jagged particles that were highly abrasive and easily damaged the epicuticular wax layer of insects, causing desiccation and eventual death (Brown and Hussain 1981). The impact of ash on a variety of agricultural-related insects in the fallout area has been described (Akre et al. 1981; Fye 1983; Howell 1981; Johansen et al. 1981; Klostermeyer et al. 1981). This note reports the effects of ash on small larvae of a major forest defoliator, the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough), as determined in laboratory and field experiments.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE TOXICITY OF CYPERMETHRIN TO NYMPHS OF THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Ewen A. B. , Mukerji M. K. , Hinks C. F.
Published: December 2009

Cypermethrin was tested at nine dosages from 2 to 72 g AI/ha and at five temperatures from 15 °to 35 °C against second-instar nymphs of a non-diapause strain of the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fab.). At lower dosages, mortality increased with increasing temperatures from 15 °to 30 °C and then leveled off. At dosages of 12 g AI/ha or higher, mortality increased slightly with increasing temperature from 15 °to 20 °C, then declined at higher temperatures. Cypermethrin was about 2.2 times less toxic (LD50) at 35 °C than at 15 °or 20 °C and 70% of this reduction in toxicity occurred above 25 °C. Thus, the toxicity of cypermethrin was negatively correlated with temperature above 20 °C for nymphs of the migratory grasshopper.
REVIEW OF SPECIES OF TRISETACUS (ACARI: ERIOPHYOIDEA) FROM NORTH AMERICA, WITH COMMENTS ON ALL NOMINATE TAXA IN THE GENUS
Authors: Smith Ian M.
Published: December 2009

Mites of the genus Trisetacus from North America are revised, and a key is presented for the 22 species recognized. A diagnosis and a review of host and distributional data are presented for each of these species. A comprehensive review of all nominate species and subspecies is included to facilitate appropriate usage of available names.
A REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE OMALIINE GENERAPORRHODITESKRAATZ ANDOROCHARESKRAATZ (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)
Authors: Campbell J. M.
Published: December 2009

The genusPorrhoditesKraatz is redescribed to include the NearcticParadeliphrum inflatumHatch, as well as the HolarcticPorrhodites fenestralis(Zetterstedt).OrocharesKraatz is also redescribed to includeParadeliphrum(new synonymy). In addition toO. angustatusErichson from Europe,O. japonicusCameron from Japan andO. villiersiJarrige from Iran,Orocharesnow includes two Nearctic species,Paradeliphrum tumidumHatch from the Pacific Northwest and the new speciesO. suterifrom Illinois and Wisconsin. Keys are provided to distinguish the North American species of each genus, and the major diagnostic characters of all included taxa are illustrated.
EVALUATION OF NON-INSECTICIDAL METHODS TO REDUCE DAMAGE TO CHRYSANTHEMUMS BY THE LEAFMINER LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)
Authors: Herbert H. J. , Smith R. F. , McRae K. B.
Published: December 2009

Three biological control methods were evaluated for the reduction of damage to chrysanthemums by the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). Yellow sticky boards trapped adults and reduced the damage by 50%, Afugan 30 EC effectively controlled the damage to chrysanthemums, and interplanting with field beans as a trap crop showed potential for reducing damage. A specific integrated pest management program can not be recommended as yet; more information is needed.
RESISTANCE OF BETULA DAVURICA TO THE BIRCH LEAFMINER, FENUSA PUSILLA (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Fiori B.J. , Dolan D. D.
Published: December 2009

To our knowledge, reports of Betula spp. resistance against damage caused by the birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier), have not been published. Becker (1938), Friend (1933), and Johnson and Lyon (1976) stated that B. populifolia Marsh., B. papyrifera Marsh., and B. alba L. are the most commonly attacked species. Friend (1933) and Johnson and Lyon (1976) stated that B. lenta L., B. alleghaniensis Britt, and B. nigra L. have never been observed infested or are rarely fed upon.
NATIVE HOST PLANTS OF THE LARVAE OF THE RED TURNIP BEETLE, ENTOMOSCELIS AMERICANA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Gerber G. H.
Published: December 2009

The suitability of four indigenous species (Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt., D. richardsonii (Sweet) O.E. Schulz, Lepidium densiflorum Schrad., and Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser) and one introduced species (Erysimum cheiranthoides L.) of Cruciferae as host plants for the larvae of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, was tested in the laboratory using excised true leaves as food and Brassica napus L. and D. sophia (L.) Webb as control treatments. R. palustris was a suitable food plant. D. pinnata, D. richardsonii, E. cheiranthoides, and L. densiflorum were marginally suitable. Of the four indigenous species, R. palustris probably is the only one that normally is a host plant of the larvae in nature.
TWO NEW GENERA OF RHYPAROCHROMINAE (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE) FROM NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Scudder G. G. E.
Published: December 2009

A new genus of Gonianotini, Spinigernotus, is described with Sphragisticus simulatus Barber 1918 as type-species. S. simulatus, known only from New Mexico, is reported from Mexico. The new genus Cordillonotus, and type-species C. stellatus, are described from British Columbia, California, Oregon, and Washington. Cordillonotus is tentatively placed in the tribe Rhyparochromini.
DESCRIPTION OF LAST-INSTAR LARVAE OF 22 SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN SPILOMELINI (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE: PYRAUSTINAE) WITH A KEY TO SPECIES
Authors: Allyson Suzanne
Published: December 2009

The last-instar larvae of 22 species of Spilomelini are described and illustrated. Diagnostic characters are given, and a key included, for North American species.
A METHOD OF DESCRIBING AND USING VARIABILITY IN DEVELOPMENT RATES FOR THE SIMULATION OF INSECT PHENOLOGY
Authors: Régnière Jacques
Published: December 2009

An analytical method for the description of intrinsic variability in insect development rates for incorporation in phenology models is presented. Two sets of experimental data are used as examples. The method is easy to apply, can describe data accurately, produces highly realistic simulations of insect development, and is amenable to the simulation of age-dependent mortality, feeding, and reproduction. The method was developed for univoltine insects with discrete generations, but it can also be applied to multivoltine species with overlapping generations. A modification of the method to handle small samples is also discussed and applied to data.
THE FUNGUS BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (DEUTEROMYCOTINA: HYPHOMYCETACEAE) IN THE WESTERN BALSAM BARK BEETLE, DRYOCOETES CONFUSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Whitney H. S. , Ritchie D. C. , Borden J. H. , Stock A. J.
Published: December 2009

The natural occurrence of beauveriosis in Dryocoetes confusus (Swaine) in Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. in British Columbia is reported, and the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. isolated from D. confusus was confirmed experimentally. Also, direct observations of newly established pairs of D. confusus in glass – phloem sandwich cultures showed that cadavers of B. bassiana-killed females were walled-off with frass by healthy males.
CONTAMINATION OF MUSTARD AND CANOLA SEED BY FRASS OF PAINTED LADY CATERPILLARS,VANESSA CARDUI(LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE)
Authors: Byers J. R. , Roth B. T. , Thomson R. D. , Topinka A. K.
Published: December 2009

A substantial amount of the mustard and a small amount of the canola seed produced in the prairie provinces in 1983 was downgraded due to excessive content of insect frass. Because the frass was similar in size to the seed, much of it was not removed by the usual cleaning processes. Most seriously affected was mustard seed which has a contamination limit of 1 frass pellet per 500 g for grade Nos. 1, 2 and 3 Canada and 0.005% by weight for No. 4 Canada (Can. Grain Comm. 1983). Initially the limit for canola was 0.02% by weight based on tolerances established for rodent (vertebrate) excreta. Because insect (non-vertebrate) excreta is less detrimental than rodent excreta, the limits for non-vertebrate excreta in canola marketed within Canada were increased to 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% for grades No. 1, 2 and 3 respectively (per. comm., L. Sequin, Deputy Director, Standards and Technology, Canadian Grain Commission). The previous limit of 0.02% remains in effect for canola entering the export market. Similar consideration was given to revising the limit for insect excreta in mustard seed but no change was made because the quality criteria are quite different; canola is extracted for its oil whereas mustard seed may undergo little processing before being consumed.
CERATOZETES(ACARI: CERATOZETIDAE) OF CANADA AND ALASKA
Authors: Behan-Pelletier Valerie M.
Published: December 2009

Species ofCeratozetesBerlese (Ceratozetidae) of Canada and Alaska are revised. Four new species,Ceratozetes watertonensis,C. borealis,C. oresbiosandC. pacificusare proposed,C. gracilis cuspidatusJacot is elevated to specific status and redescribed, andC. gracilis(Michael),C. peritusGrandjean,C. kananaskisMitchell,C. virginicus(Banks),C. mediocrisBerlese, andC. thienemanniWillmann are redescribed. Immatures ofC. borealisandC. pacificusare described and those ofC. peritus,C. kananaskis,C. mediocris,C. gracilis,C. virginicusandC. thienemanniare redescribed.Ceratozetes jeweliRockett and Woodring is synonymized withC. virginicus. A key to species from Canada and Alaska is given.
WITHIN-TREE DISTRIBUTIONS AND SEASONALITY OF IMMATURE STAGES OF THE BRONZE BIRCH BORER, AGRILUS ANXIUS (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE)
Authors: Loerch Cynthia R. , Cameron E. Alan
Published: December 2009

Distributions of immature stages of the bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius Gory (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), infesting young European white birch, Betula pendula Roth, were studied on a surface mine reforestation site in Pennsylvania. Eggs of A. anxius were common on boles of trees from mid-June through mid-August, in clusters of up to 14 eggs. Almost 70% of the eggs were in crevices in the dark triangular patch at branch origins. Larvae were present throughout the year. Fourth instars comprised 93.1% of the overwintering population.

Vertical distributions of eggs, larvae, and pupae along the bole were random relative to available surface area. Consequently, each stage was more abundant on the lower half than on the upper half of trees. Eggs and first instars were concentrated on the northeast, or shaded, side of trees. Second and third instars were distributed randomly around the bole. Fourth instars overwintered and pupated primarily on the southwest aspect.
PEST MANAGEMENT OF DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): PREVENTION OF AN OUTBREAK THROUGH EARLY TREATMENT WITH A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS BY GROUND AND AERIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Shepherd R. F. , Otvos I. S. , Chorney R. J. , Cunningham J. C.
Published: December 2009

Two different application methods were tested using a nuclear polyhedrosis virus as a control agent at an early stage in the outbreak cycle of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough), in south central British Columbia in 1981. The virus, which often leads to the development of an epizootic late in the outbreak cycle, was propagated in whitemarked tussock moth, Orgyia leucostigma (J. E. Smith). A helicopter fitted with a boom and nozzle was used for treating four plots (total area 19.8 ha) at a dosage of 2.2 × 1011 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) in an emitted volume of 11.3 L ha−1. Five to eight weeks after spraying, microscopic examination of live larvae showed that 77 to 100% were infected. In ground-spray applications of two other plots, a modified orchard-type sprayer was used to apply 2.4 × 1010 PIB in a volume of 4.5 L per tree. Microscopic diagnosis of live larvae at 8 weeks post-spray revealed 83 and 85% infection.In autumn 1981, no egg masses could be found in the plots treated earlier that year and no larvae were found on the sample trees in 1982 or 1983. The treatment was effective over a range of initial mean larval densities of 41 to 206 m−2 of foliage. At the same time, populations in nearby untreated areas increased in 1982. Little foliage protection was obtained the year of application due to the lengthy virus incubation period, but the trees recovered quickly when populations disappeared due to the virus epizootic.
A REVIEW OF THE GENUS DODIA DYAR (LEPIDOPTERA: ARCTIIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM EASTERN SIBERIA AND NORTHERN CANADA
Authors: Tshistjakov Yuri A. , Lafontaine J. Donald
Published: December 2009

The two known species in the genus Dodia Dyar are reviewed, and one new species, Dodia kononenkoi, is described from Magadanskaya Oblast, USSR, and Yukon Territory, Canada. The generic name Hyalocoa Hampson is synonymized with Dodia and two new combinations are proposed. Dodia kozhantshikovi (Sheljuzhko) and D. atra (Bang-Haas) are synonymized with D. albertae Dyar. Descriptions and range maps are included, and adults and genitalia of the three species are illustrated.
THE GENUS OMOPHRON LATREILLE (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE): REDESCRIPTION OF THE LARVAL STAGE AND PHYLOGENETIC CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Landry Jean-François , Bousquet Yves
Published: December 2009

A revised generic description of the three larval instars of Omophron is presented. Hypothetical apotypic character states of the genus are: bidentate retinaculum; lacinia subequal in length to galea and apically subspatulate; ligula as long as labial palp; pore LAa located on ligula and seta LA6 on basal third of ligula; setae TI2* and TI7* of middle and hind tibiae located basally; setae UN1 and UN2 flat and about 1.5 times the length of claws; presence of serially paired gland-like structures on abdominal pleura I–VII; hypopleurites not apparent in first instar; apex of urogomphi extended as a small hyaline appendix in first instar; setae PY1, PY2, and PY6 on the pygidium absent. Most of these character states are autapotypic, and no synapotypies were found to indicate a sister group to Omophron.
THE SUBGENUSSTEROPUSDEJEAN (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE:PTEROSTICHUS): ADULT AND LARVAL CHARACTER STATES, WITH NOTES ON TAXONOMIC LIMITS AND RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Bousquet Yves
Published: December 2009

The subgenusSteropusDejean of the genusPterostichusBonelli (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is redefined. The subgenus includes 24 species occurring in the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. Eight species previously included inSteropus,P. catalonicusK. Daniel,P. ferreri(Español andMateu),P. galaecianusLauffer,P. ghilianii(Putzeys),P. globosus(Fabricius),P. insidiatrix(Piochard de la Brûlerie),P. madidus(Fabricius), andP. riffensis(Antoine), are transferred to the subgenusCoraxPutzeys (formerly considered as a junior synonym ofSteropus) which is recognized as a valid taxon.RefoniaCasey, with two North American species,EosteropusTschitschérine (type-species:Platysma creperumTschitschérine, present designation), with four Asiatic species, andSteropinusLutshnik, with one Asiatic species, are placed in synonymy withSteropus. Adult and larval character states of the subgenusSteropusare described. Larvae ofSteropusare synapomorphic with those ofP. (Corax)madidusandP. (Feronidius)melasCreutzer in having the mandible strongly curved with wide retinaculum in the first instar and a membranous area on antennomere I.
DISTRIBUTION AND FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF OBLIQUEBANDED AND THREELINED LEAFROLLERS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN THE OKANAGAN AND SIMILKAMEEN VALLEYS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Madsen H. F. , Vakenti J. M. , Gaunce A. P.
Published: December 2009

The distribution and adult flight activity of obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and threelined leafroller, Pandemis limitata (Rob.) were studied in the Okanagan and Similkameen valleys of British Columbia using traps baited with the sex pheromone of each species. Adult activity began in early June and continued through September and the two species were distributed throughout the apple-growing region of the Okanagan and Similkameen valleys. In the northern Okanagan and in uncultivated areas at higher elevation, the trap captures indicated that both species are univoltine. In the southern Okanagan and the Similkameen Valley, large numbers of both species were captured throughout the season which may indicate more than one generation. Traps captured similar numbers of adults in orchards with known infestations and in orchards lacking infestations, suggesting that males are attracted to traps in orchards from native hosts in uncultivated sites.
ANTS PREYING ON PUPAE OF THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN EASTERN OREGON AND WESTERN MONTANA
Authors: Youngs Lorna C. , Campbell Robert W.
Published: December 2009

In 1981 and 1982, the following ant species and numbers were detected preying on pupae of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, in eastern Oregon and western Montana: Formica obscuripes Forel, 174; Camponotus modoc Wheeler, 160; C. laevigatus Smith, 53; C. vicinus Mayr, 48; F. podzolica Francoeur, 43; F. accreta Francoeur, 32; F. neorufibarbis Emery, 12; F. lasioides Emery, 1; and Formica sp. (microgyna group). The Camponotus species and F. obscuripes were detected preying on budworm on one-third or more of the trees they foraged.
INJURY BY EMPOASCA FABAE (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) TO PEANUTS IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO
Authors: Ellis C. R.
Published: December 2009

Peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., have been grown experimentally in Ontario since 1970, with the ultimate objective of commercial production. The pests of this new Canadian crop have been surveyed and the most important one has been identified as the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Ellis and Roy 1979). This pest is native to North America and disperses into Ontario from the south in early June; it attacks a number of crops including potatoes, alfalfa, beans, and peanuts. Feeding by E. fabae interferes with translocation and results in yellowing of the tips of peanut leaves, followed by necrosis, a condition called hopper bum. Reported here are experiments on the injury of this pest to peanuts in 0ntarioT
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF TRISETACUS (PROSTIGMATA: ERIOPHYOIDEA) FROM PINACEAE IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Smith Ian M.
Published: December 2009

Adults of four new species of Trisetacus are described from southern British Columbia, Canada: T. neoabietis from foliage of Amabilis fir, T. neopiceae from foliage of Engelmann and Sitka spruce, T. uclueletensis from foliage of Sitka spruce, and T. columbiensis from buds and foliage of Douglas-fir.
TRECHUS QUADRISTRIATUS, A PALAEARCTIC SPECIES INTRODUCED INTO NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Bousquet Y. , Smetana A. , Maddison D. R.
Published: December 2009

Trechus quadristriatus (Schrank), a Palaearctic species, is reported for the first time from North America. The species is briefly described and compared with T. obtusus Erichson. The key to Trechus of Canada by Lindroth (1961: 192–194) is modified to include T. quadristriatus.
IDENTITY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CRAB SPIDERSXYSTICUS DURUSANDX. KEYSERLINGI(ARANEAE: THOMISIDAE)
Authors: Reeves R. Marcel , Hadam John J. , Redner James H. , Dondale Charles D.
Published: December 2009

Both sexes are described for the species pair of crab spiders,Xysticus durus(Soerensen) andX. keyserlingiBryant. A recent collection ofkeyserlingifrom the Alpine Garden, Mt. Washington, New Hampshire reveals that the male ofX. leechiTurnbullet al. has been misidentified as that ofdurus, the male ofdurushas been confused with that ofkeyserlingi, and the nameleechimust become a junior synonym of the namekeyserlingi.
LES TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) À LA LIMITE SEPTENTRIONALE DES FORÊTS (DOMAINE MARITIME DU NOUVEAU-QUÉBEC)
Authors: Maire Alain
Published: December 2009

La composition spécifique, l'abondance respective et la succession saisonnière des Tabanidae adultes sont analysées pour Poste-de-la-Baleine (55°17′ N; 77°45′ O) et le Golfe de Richmond (56°09′ N; 76°39′ O), deux régions de la toundra-forestière situées le long de la côte orientale de la mer d'Hudson. Un total de 14 espèces fut recensé à Poste-de-la Baleine (7 Chrysops et 7 Hybomitra) et de 8 espèces au Golfe (3 Chrysops et 7 Hybomitra). Six espèces sont holarctiques : C. nigripes, H. aequetincta, H. arpadi, H. astuta, H. lurida et H. frontalis. Les espèces les plus abondantes dans les pièges à Poste-de-la-Baleine (614 spécimens) sont : H. lurida (29.5%), C. furcatus (22%), C. excitans (18%), H. hearlei (11.9%) et H. frontalis (11%). Au Golfe, deux espèces dominent : H. frontalis (83.9%) et C. sordidus (12.2%). H. lurida est l'espèce la plus précoce; elle fut capturée en 1982 plusieurs semaines avant les autres espèces. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés aux rares études nord-américaines effectuées dans de telles régions.
FIVE NEARCTIC AND ONE INTRODUCED EUPHORINE SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) THAT PARASITIZE ADULTS OF CRUCIFER-INFESTING FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Wylie H. G. , Loan Conrad
Published: December 2009

A key to females is presented for six euphorine species that parasitize adults of crucifer-infesting flea beetles. Five of the species,Townesilitus psylliodis(Loan),Microctonus punctulataesp. n.,M. pusillaeMuesebeck,M. vittataeMuesebeck, andM. zimmermannisp. n., are Nearctic in distribution; the sixth,T. bicolor(Wesm.), was recently introduced into Manitoba from Europe. The two new species are described, and biological information is presented forT. bicolor,T. psylliodis,M. punctulatae, andM. vittatae.
FLIGHT ACTIVITY AND DISPERSAL OF RANGE CATERPILLAR MOTHS, HEMILEUCA OLIVIAE (LEPIDOPTERA: SATURNIIDAE)
Authors: Bellows Tom S. , Owens John C. , Huddleston Ellis W.
Published: December 2009

Flight of the range caterpillar occurred predominantly at dusk in the grasslands of eastern New Mexico in 1979 and 1980. The restricted period of flight in the evening corresponded to cool temperatures which probably favored mating success. Changes in atmospheric temperature and pressure had little effect on the number of moths flying from day to day. Most females oviposited within 10 m of the site of pupal eclosion.
A NEW SPECIES OF COCHYLIS TREITSCHKE (LEPIDOPTERA: COCHYLIDAE) FROM SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Dang P. T.
Published: December 2009

Cochylis arthuri Dang, new species, pest of wild sunflower, Helianthus sp., from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is described and illustrated.
EFFECTS OF FLEA BEETLES, PHYLLOTRETA SPP. (CHRYSOMELIDAE: COLEOPTERA), ON THE SURVIVAL, GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF CANOLA, RAPE AND YELLOW MUSTARD
Authors: Lamb Robert J.
Published: December 2009

The effects of damage by natural infestations of the flea beetles Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta striolata (F.) on field plots of canola, rape (Brassica napus L.), and yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) are described. Damage occurred primarily during the first few weeks after emergence: seedling mortality was high during the first week and growth was reduced during at least the first 2 weeks. This early damage delayed plant development, caused unevenness in height and maturity, and reduced seed yield and raised the chlorophyll content of the seed.

Comparison among tests and treatments showed that a later-seeded test suffered less damage, and that carbofuran-treated plots were better protected than lindane-treated plots although the latter suffered slightly lower plant mortality. Yellow mustard showed a high level of resistance to flea beetle damage in comparison to rape and canola. Small differences in susceptibility were detected among three cultivars of B. napus.
OVIPOSITION SITE SELECTION IN TENEBRIO MOLITOR (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE)
Authors: Gerber G. H. , Sabourin D. U.
Published: December 2009

Oviposition site selection by Tenebrio molitor L. was studied in cylindrical cages 10 cm in diameter × 28 cm in height using females up to 16 days old. Oviposition site selection is not a haphazard process. The adults are surface dwellers and the females normally enter the foodstuff to oviposit. The distance travelled into the foodstuff was age-related; the females went gradually deeper until the 9th day after eclosion. Physical and chemical factors (i.e. type and quality of foodstuff) and biological factors (i.e. adult density and presence of T. molitor eggs and larvae) were assessed when oviposition sites were selected by this insect. The females attempted to avoid poor quality food when selecting oviposition sites and usually laid fewer eggs and died sooner when poor quality food was present. As adult density increased, the females went deeper to oviposit. The females also went deeper to oviposit when eggs and larvae were present, but the effects of eggs and larvae were small and there seemed to be threshold densities as far as both factors were concerned. The behavioural significance of the data is discussed.
ABUNDANCE OF THE FIR ENGRAVER, SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS, AND THE DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAE, FOLLOWING TREE DEFOLIATION BY THE DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA
Authors: Wright L. C. , Berryman A. A. , Wickman B. E.
Published: December 2009

Fir engraver and Douglas-fir beetle numbers were monitored during and after an outbreak of the Douglas-fir tussock moth. The population behavior of the two species of bark beetles was similar. Number of emerged offspring/female was highest during the years of defoliation and declined afterward. Total number of beetle attacks peaked 1 to 2 years after defoliation ended and then declined. During and 1 year after defoliation, beetles generally infested trees that had greater than 90% defoliation. After this time infestations were not as strongly associated with heavily defoliated trees. Life tables were constructed for beetles within trees and for beetles per area of forest land. Key mortality factors acting on beetles within trees occurred during the larval and pupal stages. Mortality during adult dispersal was a key factor when beetle density per area of land was considered. Although beetle offspring emerging per dm2 of bark surface was relatively low in defoliated trees, defoliation appeared to reduce host resistance which enabled beetles to successfully attack at lower densities, reducing intraspecific competition, and resulting in increased emergence of offspring/female parent.