bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survival Analysis and Prognostic Factors in Prostate Cancer Patients: A Single Center Experience in Eastern Anatolia
Authors: YILMAZ Ali
Published: December 2020

Objective: Prostate cancer (PC), one of the most common malignancies of the urogenital tract, is more common in older men and shows significant prognostic differences among individuals. In recent years, new grade groups and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage groups have been used to predict prognosis. However, there is limited information on the prognostic significance of this new system in PC patients in Turkey. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the follow-up results of patients with diagnosis of PC, and the clinical significance of the new prognostic staging system in this patient population in Eastern Anatolia Region.

Methods: Retrospectively, 141 PC patients being followed up in Erzurum Ataturk University of Medical Oncology Department were included in this study. The relationships between overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) and clinical-pathological parameters were analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared with the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine the prognostic significance of clinical and pathologic variables for PFS and OS.

Results: The median age of patients was 69 and the majority of them were stage IV patients (79.4%). The median value of prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 39 ng/mL and the median Gleason score was 8. The majority of the patients had PSA value of ≥ 20 ng / ml (61.7%) and Gleason grade group 5 (35.5%). The median PFS and OS values were 29 and 33 months, respectively. The 5-year survival rates were 50% for local-locoregional disease and 20% for metastatic disease. PFS and OS were longer in patients with good Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (0-1), early stage (I-II), undergone to surgery, having low PSA (< 10 ng / ml) and low Gleason group (1-2). According to the multivariate analysis; stage, PSA and Gleason grade group were independent prognostic factors for both PFS and OS.

Conclusion: The new grading system, PSA and AJCC staging system are independent prognostic factors in patients with PC. Considering that patients in our region have shorter life spans compared to the world, these prognostic factors should be used more effectively in daily practice in determination of treatment strategy.
Tip 2 Diyabetes Mellitusta Retinopatinin Gözün Ön Segment Parametrelerine Etkisi
Authors: DURUKAN İrfan
Published: December 2020

olgularda karşılaştırmak.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya dahil edilen Tip 2 DM'li hastalar diyabetik retinopati (DR) durumuna göre üç gruba ayrıldı: retinopatisi olmayan hastalar (non-DR grubu), non-proliferatif diyabetik retinopatili hastalar (NPDR grubu) ve proliferatif diyabetik retinopatili hastalar (PDR grubu). Optik düşük koherens reflektobiyometri yöntemiyle ölçülen merkezi kornea kalınlığı (MKK), kornea eğriliği (K1 ve K2), kornea çapı (KÇ), aköz derinliği (AD), lens kalınlığı (LK) ve aksiyel uzunluk (AU) değerleri gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: Toplam katılımcıların 40'ı non-DR (22 kadın, 18 erkek), 29'u NPDR (19 kadın, 10 erkek) ve kalan 21'i PDR (13 kadın, 8 erkek) grubunu oluşturdu. Gruplar arasında yaş ve cinsiyet yönünden istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (p>0.05). Ortalama MKK değeri; non-DR grubunda, NPDR ve PDR gruplarına göre istatistiksel anlamlı düzeyde ince olarak bulundu (p=0.001 ve p0.05).

Sonuç: PDR ve NPDR'li hastalarda MKK değeri, retinopatisi olmayan Tip 2 DM'li hastalara göre anlamlı düzeyde kalın olarak bulunmuştur. Bu durum Tip 2 DM'li hastalarda, retinopatinin varlığının kornea kalınlığını arttırdığını göstermektedir.
Biyolojik İlaç Kullanan Romatoloji Hastalarında HBV ve HCV Seroprevalansı
Authors: BALCI Mehmet Ali
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Hepatit B virüsü (HBV) ve Hepatit C virüsü (HCV) enfeksiyonları küresel bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Biyolojik ilaçlar, kronik HBV taşıyıcısı veya okült HBV enfeksiyonu olan hastalarda HBV enfeksiyonunun yeniden aktivasyonuna neden olabilir. Aynı şekilde Anti HCV pozitif olan hastalarda da HCV enfeksiyonunun reaktivasyonuna neden olabildiği bilinmektedir. Biz çalışmamızda biyolojik tedavi alan romatoloji hastalarında HBV ve HCV enfeksiyonlarının prevalansını araştırmayı amaçladık.

Yöntemler: 01/09/2017- 01/09/2020 tarihleri arasında Diyarbakır Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Gazi Yaşargil Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Romatoloji Polikliniği’ne başvuran ve biyolojik tedavi başlanan 582 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Retrospektif olarak demografik ve labaratuar özellikleri kayıt edildi. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS V22.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY) yazılımı ile yapıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışmamıza 342’si (%58,8) kadın ve 240’ı (%41,2) erkek olmak üzere toplam 582 hasta alındı. Çalışmaya alınan hastaların 290’unda (%49,8) ankilozan spondilit (AS), 213’ünde (%36,6) romatoid artrit (RA), 23’ünde (%4,0) psöriatik artrit (PsA) tanısı mevcuttu. HBsAg %1,4, Anti-HBs %51,7, Anti-HBc IgG %31,4 ve Anti-HCV %0,3 oranlarında pozitif saptandı. Tanılara göre bakınca; AS’de HBsAg %1,7, Anti-HBs %53,1, Anti-HBc IgG %38,9, Anti-HCV %0,0, RA’da HBsAg %1,4, Anti-HBs %51,9, Anti-HBc IgG %41,7, Anti-HCV %0,5 oranlarında saptandı.

Sonuç: Ülkemizde hala HBV ve HCV enfeksiyonları orta endemik seviyede görülmektedir. Biyolojik tedaviler HBV ve HCV enfeksiyonlarının reaktivasyonuna neden olabileceğinden biyolojik tedavi öncesi bu enfeksiyonların taranması, profilaksisi ve tedavisi önemini hala korumaktadır.
Neoadjuvan Kemoterapi Alan Lokal İleri Mide Kanserli Hastalarda Primer Tümör Lokalizasyonunun Önemi
Authors: UÇAR Gökhan
Published: December 2020

Giriş: Gastrik kanserler altıncı en sık görülen ve üçüncü en çok kansere bağlı ölüm nedenidir. 2018 yılında tüm kanserler içinde 1,033.701 (%5,7) vaka görülürken, tüm kanserler içinde 782,685 (%8,2) kansere bağlı ölüm görülmektedir. Çalışmamızda neoadjuvan kemoterapi alan lokal ileri mide adenokarsinomlu hastalarda primer tümör lokalizasyonunun prognostik önemini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Toplam 90 hasta verisi değerlendirmeye uygun bulundu. Hastalar primer tümör lokalizasyonuna göre kardiya ve kardiya dışı olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar hastalıksız sağkalım (HSK) ve genel sağkalım (GSK) açısından değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Medyan HSK, kardiya grubunda 34,9 ay iken kardiya dışı grubunda 11,3 ay olarak saptandı. Bu değer istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı(34.9 vs 11.3 ay, p=0.008). Medyan GSK’da kardiya grubunda analiz esnasında henüz ulaşılamamışken, kardiya dışı grubunda ise 21.7 ay olarak saptandı. Bu değer de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı idi (NR vs 21.7 ay, p
Factors Influencing Implementation of Nursing Process by Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Moghadas Tahere , Sedaghati Kesbakhi Maryam
Published: December 2020

Background: The nursing process is a framework for nursing care. It is a systematic and dynamic method that can be used in all health care environments. Objectives: We aimed to explore the factors that may influence the implementation of the nursing process by nursing students. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Fifteen nursing students were selected by purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria include sixth to eighth-semester nursing students who have experience of using the nursing process in clinical wards., The Graneheim and Lundman content analysis method was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results: After analyzing the data, we created three main categories (awareness of the nursing process, individual-managerial factors, and the reflection of the nursing process). Conclusions: Factors that influence the implementation of the nursing process by nursing students are varied. Therefore, nurse educators should remove barriers and provide facilities to promote the nursing process’s implementation.
Evolution: Mind or Randomness?
Authors: Polis Dennis F. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

Philosophical naturalists claim macroevolution shows order emerging by pure chance. This claim is incompatible with accepted physical and biological principles. The present state of the universe is implicit in its initial state and the laws ofnature. Logical principles essential to science require these laws to be maintained by a self-conserving reality identifiable as God. Further, the laws share a common dynamic with human committed intentions. Both are logical propagators seen to the intentional by theists and naturalists alike. Mechanism and teleology project a single reality into different conceptual spaces. Statistically, evolution is only possible given predefined goals. For fitness to be explanatory, it must be prior to survival events, entailing immanent goals verified by convergent evolution, toolkit genes, and evolutionary stasis. Aristotle's falsifiable claims for teleology are confirmed by evolution. Evolution is not random, but fully intentional, evidencing mind in nature.
Homeland is Freedom
Authors: Cvetkovć Srdjan ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

Mihajlo Mihcylov was not a dissident from the commmist movement, an outcast from the Communist Party, or a man from government structures destroyed in the purges as were the majority of victims during the Tito regime, Mihajlov's bold intellectual resistance to communist totalitarianism was that of a real dissident in Eastern Europe, while many in Yugoslavia served as a faqade of "liberal communism," An umompromising critic, Mihcglov remained in the shadow of the much better known Milovan Djilas, a former senior Commmist Party official who drew intemational attention, Mihajlov's resistance and spiritual breadth, seeking freedom of expression for people of different ideologies, from Serbian right-wing proponents to Croatian nationalists, Djilas and social-reformists, to ultra-left Informbureau sympathizers, testify to his consistent liberal-democratic attitude and Kantian paradigm that every person has the right to political thought and action ifit does not violate the same rights of other humans, A high degree of tolerance for ideological opponents as well as consistency of commitment to human rights and freedoms make him one of the few rebels with common sense so rare in this part of the world, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn spoke of Mihajlov as a man who is a kind of spiritual beacon of anti-totalitarianism.
Socratic Meditation and Emotional Self-Regulation
Authors: Schultz Anne-Marie , Carron Paul E. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

This essay proposes that Socrates practiced various spiritual exercises, induding meditation, and that this Socratic practice of meditation was habitual, aimed at cultivating emotional self-control and existential preparedness. Corntemporary research in neurobiology supports the view that intentional mental actions, including mediation, have a profound impact on brain activity, neuroplasticity, and help engender emotional self-control. This impact on brain activity is confirmed via technological developments, a prime example of how technology benefits humanity, Socrates attains the balanced emotional self-control that Alcibiades describes in the Symposium because of the sustained mental effort he exerts that direct impetus his brain and his emotional and philosophical life. The essay concludes that Socratic meditative practices aimed at manifesting true dignity as human beings within the complexities of a technological world offer a promising model of self-care worthy of embracing today.
The Family, Religious Commitment and Economic Prosperity
Authors: Jeynes William H. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

This essay addresses the evidence that suggests that both the widespread presence of the two-parent biological family and Christianity are highly related to economic prosperity. The thesis draws from a variety of research studies and statistics that combing indicate their connectedness, and ofters reasons why strong families and faith may ameliorate economic growth. A growing number of economists have becmne too insular in their approach to this growth that calls for a more interdisciplinary approach to examining the forces behind healthy economic expansion. Such an interdisciplinary approach should include a variety of factors-institutions, demographics, natural resources, family dynamics, the role of faith and personal lifestyle, and other forces. A relevant case study highlights the connectton between Christianity and modernization in South Korea. The essay concludes by examining some ofthe ways that faith and family factors can be taken more seriously by economists and public policy makers
Acting with Good Intentions
Authors: Fink Charles K. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2020

In Morals from Motives (2001), Michael Slote proposed an agent-based approach to virtue ethics in which the morality of an action derives solely from the agent’s motives. Among the many objections that have been raised against Slote’s account, this article addresses two problems associated with the Kantian principle that ought implies can. These are the problems of “deficient” and “inferior” motivation. These problems arise because people cannot freely choose their motives. We cannot always choose to act from good motives; nor can we always avoid acting from bad ones. Given this, Slote’s account implies that we sometimes cannot do what we ought to do, contrary to Kant’s principle. In this article, I propose an alternative agent-based account which, I argue, circumvents these problems. While people cannot choose their motives, they can choose their intentions. By characterizing virtuous action, as I do, in terms of good intentions rather than in terms of good motives, the conflict between what people can do and what they ought to do is resolved.
Sustainability and environmental challenges of modern shipping industry
Authors: Hasanspahic Nermin , Vujičić Srđan , Campara Leo , Piekarska Klaudia
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, maritime transport faces more challenges than at its beginning. Like any other industry, the maritime sector must adapt to the needs of the modern world and carry out its activities with respect for the environment. Continuous technological development and increased environmental awareness are the determining factors of changes in modern shipping. Therefore, one of the main challenges of maritime transport is to implement innovative solutions to protect the marine environment. However, it is quite challenging to achieve both ecological and economic benefits at the same time. That is why it is very important to apply the win-win principle, which refers to the sustainable development of maritime transport. The paper provides an overview of applicable and promising technological solutions, logistical activities, and regulatory provisions applied in reduction of shipping gas emissions, as well as importance of points to be considered in development of sustainable shipping. Innovative methods of adapting to the increasingly restrictive environmental regulations are presented as well.
Combination of Taguchi method, MOORA and COPRAS techniques in multi-objective optimization of surface grinding process
Authors: Nguyen Nhu-Tung , Trung Do
Published: December 2020

This study presentes a combination method of several optimization techniques and Taguchi method to solve the multi-objective optimization problem for surface grinding process of SKD11 steel. The optimization techniques that were used in this study were Multi-Objective Optimization on basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) and Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS). In surface grinding process, two parameters that were chosen as the evaluation criterias were surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR). The orthogonal Taguchi L16 matrix was chosen to design the experimental matrix with two input parameters namely workpiece velocity and depth of cut. The two optimization techniques that mentioned above were applied to solve the multi-objective optimization problem in the grinding process. Using two above techniques, the optimized results of the cutting parameters were the same. The optimal values of workpiece velocity and cutting depth were 20 m/min and 0.02 mm, respectively. Corresponding to these optimal values of the workpiece velocity and cutting depth, the surface roughness and material removal rate were 1.16 µm and 86.67 mm3/s. These proposed techniques and method can be used to improve the quality and effectiveness of grinding processes by reducing the surface roughness and increasing the material removal rate.
ISOLASI BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT ASAL JUS NANAS SEBAGAI KANDIDAT PROBIOTIK
Authors:   Program Studi Mikrobiologi, Sekolah Pascasarjana, IPB University, Bogor, Riani Cynthia Rizka , Nuraida Lilis ,   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, IPB University, Bogor, Meryandini Anja ,   Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, IPB University, Bogor
Published: December 2020

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the main group of probiotic bacteria that widely used in fruit juice fermentation products. Fruit juice contains antioxidants that can prevent free radicals. The objective of this study was to identify LAB isolated from pineapple juice that possess probiotic properties and to analyze the antioxidant activity of pineapple juice after being fermented with the LAB. LAB isolates from pineapple juice were evaluated for their probiotic properties (tolerance to acidic conditions and bile salts, antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, and sensitivity to antibiotics) and their adherence properties (autoaggregation, coaggregation, and hydrophobicity). The best isolates obtained are then inoculated into pineapple juice. From 5 types of pineapple juice, 5 isolates with LAB characteristics were obtained, i.e NHC6, NHC7, NHC8, NHC9, and NPC1. Isolate NHC6 had a good tolerance to acidic conditions (pH 2) and 0,5% bile salt, had antimicrobial activity, was sensitive to ampicillin, showed the best adherance properties and was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. L. plantarum NHC6 was then added to pineapple juice. Addition of L. plantarum NHC6 to pineapple juice reduced the ᵒBrix and pH values during incubation. After 24 hours of incubation, the antioxidant activity was 89,05%, with LAB growth of 8,33 log CFU/mL, thus 24 hours incubation was considered the best fermentation time for pineapple juice.
SUSU FERMENTASI DENGAN BIJI NANGKA SEBAGAI PREBIOTIK
Authors:   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, IPB University, Bogor, Rahayu Winiati P. , Suliantari Suliantari , Safitri Umi Kartika , Adhi Wibisono ,   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, IPB University, Bogor
Published: December 2020

Jackfruit seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) contain dietary fiber, thus it is potential as prebiotic to be used in fermented milk drink. This research aimed to obtain the fermented milk composition made from fresh milk and jackfruit seed flour containing active lactic acid bacteria (LAB), preferred hedonic level and to identify the chemical properties of the resulting fermented milk. Variables of this research were the jackfruit seed flour concentrations of 4, 5, 6% (w/v) and two LAB used (Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis). The composition was selected based on the viable number of LAB, pH value, and sensory quality. The selected composition was the fermented milk made of fresh milk and 4% (w/v) jackfruit seed flour and L. brevis. The viable number of LAB of the fermented milk was 10.59 log CFU/mL. The sensory quality of the fermented milk was neutral until rather preferred for color, flavor, taste, texture, and overall. The chemical contents (%b/b) of product was 78.16% of moisture content, 2.34% of ash content, 2.85% of fat content, 3.15% of protein content, 13.51% of carbohydrate content, and 1.73% of lactic acid content.
Los límites de la reformulación en la clase de E/LE
Authors: Salameh Jiménez Shima
Published: December 2020

Proponemos una batería de actividades desde B2 basadas en las cuatro destrezas de aprendizaje y en el uso de corpus (Briz y Grupo Val.Es.Co. 2002; Pons y Cabedo 2013) para trabajar adecuadamente la reformulación en el aula y solucionar algunos problemas de raíz teórica, como la trampa forma-función (Pons 2017). 
 
In order to show how reformulation works in E/LE classes and solve some theoretical problems, this paper proposes a series of B2 activities based on the four basic communicative skills and corpus usage (Briz y Grupo Val.Es.Co. 2002; Pons y Cabedo 2013).
Una propuesta didáctica para enseñar el ritmo del español a estudiantes de lengua inglesa
Authors: Mínguez Calero María del Pilar , Simón Sarimiento José Luis
Published: December 2020

Resumen: La enseñanza de la pronunciación en la clase de ELE suele ocupar menos espacio que aquel que se dedica a otros ámbitos lingüísticos, como la gramática o el vocabulario. Tradicionalmente, el acercamiento a la pronunciación ha sido fundamentalmente a través del método fonoarticulatorio (Llisterri, 2003). Se ha hecho hincapié, por ejemplo, en el control consciente de los órganos articulatorios y en la importancia de los sonidos individuales. Nuestra unidad didáctica no niega que algunas de estas técnicas sean útiles en determinados casos, pero reivindica las opciones que ofrece el método verbo-tonal como complemento (Guberina y Murillo, 2008). La unidad didáctica que proponemos tiene como objetivos enseñar conjuntamente el ritmo y el sonido velar fricativo sordo [x] a estudiantes de lengua inglesa. Partiendo de algunos principios del método verbo-tonal (Renard y van Vlasselaer, 1976; Poch, 1999; Billières, 2014; etc.), hemos diseñado una secuencia de actividades (Padilla, 2015) que pretende proporcionar a profesores y estudiantes algunas herramientas que contribuyan a la mejora de la pronunciación del español. El uso de la lengua meta, las metáforas visuales y buen humor son algunos de los fundamentos básicos de nuestra propuesta.
Palabras clave: ritmo, sonido velar fricativo sordo, verbo-tonal, pronunciación, ELE
 
A Didactic Proposal to teach the Rhythm of Spanish to English speaking Students
Abstract: The teaching of pronunciation in SFL classes tends to be an aspect that is less frequently covered than other linguistic features, such as grammar or vocabulary. Traditionally, pronunciation has been mainly approached through the phono articulatory method (Llisterri, 2003). The conscious control of articulatory organs and the importance of individual sounds have been highlighted. Our didactic unit does not reject the usefulness of these techniques in some cases, but reinforces the options offered by the verbotonal method as a complement (Guberina and Murillo, 2008). The main objective of our didactic unit is to teach together rhythm and the voiceless velar fricative sound to English students. Taking into account some principles of the verbotonal method (Renard y van Vlasselaer, 1976; Poch, 1999; Billières, 2014; etc.), we have designed a sequence of activities (Padilla, 2015) that pretends to provide teachers and students with tools that contribute to the improvement of Spanish pronunciation. The use of the target language, visual metaphors and good humour are some of the basic fundamentals of our proposal.
Key words: rhythm, voiceless velar fricative sound, verbotonal, pronunciation, SFL
¿Me dibujas un sentimiento?: un acercamiento a la enseñanza de los verbos de afección a través de la imagen metalingüística
Authors: Domínguez Hervás María José , Rodríguez Varela Rita
Published: December 2020

No son pocas las ocasiones en las que, como docentes, nos enfrentamos a las dificultades de los estudiantes de español a la hora de adquirir, asimilar y utilizar los verbos de afección psicológica. La falta de comprensión del sentido tanto de la estructura sintáctica como de los aspectos semánticos y sociolingüístico de dichas construcciones pueden ser el origen de este bache en el proceso de aprendizaje.
Nos proponemos, siguiendo las recomendaciones del Marco Común Europeo de Referencia y los principios de la Gramática Cognitiva, contribuir al conjunto de experiencias docentes que ya han trabajado el uso de la imagen metalingüística para explicar contenidos gramaticales complejos. En este artículo, reflexionamos sobre una secuencia didáctica que utiliza ilustraciones como base del análisis y la descripción gramatical de las construcciones utilizadas para expresar sentimientos en español.
Opinar sin herir los sentimientos: ¿Cómo enseñar a opinar o valorar de forma atenuada?
Authors: Murillo Lanza Danny Fernando
Published: December 2020

Resumen: Opinar, valorar o emitir un juicio son algunos de los actos de habla más importantes que puede realizar un hablante de cualquier lengua. A través de estos se puede expresar el punto de vista, la percepción, el juicio, la valoración o la evaluación subjetiva que el interlocutor tiene sobre una determinada persona, objeto, situación, comportamiento, etc. En consecuencia, la enseñanza a estudiantes de E/LE de este tipo de actos de habla es igual de esencial. Por ende, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal explicar de qué manera se puede opinar o valorar en español de forma atenuada y de qué manera se puede enseñar en el aula de E/LE. Para ello, se propone una unidad didáctica que considera que las opiniones o valoraciones vertidas por jueces de programas de la telerrealidad como Operación Triunfo, MasterChef o La voz pueden ser un material lingüístico atractivo para enseñar a opinar de forma atenuada.
Palabras clave: Opinión. Valoración. Atenuación. Programas de la telerrealidad.  
Give a opinion without hurting feelings: How to teach to give mitigated opinions or assessments?
Abstract: Opinion, assessment or judgment are some of the most important acts of speech that a speaker of any language can perform. Through these, the point of view, perception, judgment, assessment or subjective evaluation that the interlocutor has about a certain person, object, situation, behavior, etc. can be expressed. Consequently, teaching E/LE students these kinds of speech acts is just as essential. For this reason, the main objective of this article is to explain how an mitigated opinion or assessment can be given in Spanish and how it can be taught in the E/LE classroom. For this, this didactic unit is proposed, which considers that the opinions or evaluations expressed by judges of reality shows such as Operación Triunfo, MasterChef or La voz can be attractive linguistic material to teach how to give an mitigated opinion.
Key words: Opinion. Assessment. Mitigation. Realities Show.
Análisis de la satisfacción laboral del profesorado de español como lengua extranjera (ELE)
Authors: Méndez Santos María C. , Hidalgo Gallardo Matías , Pano Alamán Ana
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación cuantitativa de carácter exploratorio sobre el grado de satisfacción del profesorado de ELE sobre sus condiciones laborales y perspectivas profesionales. Se discuten críticamente los datos recogidos mediante un cuestionario distribuido en línea entre 673 docentes, que mide la satisfacción en ocho dimensiones: organizativa, económica, afectiva, motivacional, discriminación, ambiente laboral, realización profesional y beneficios sociales. Los resultados permiten obtener una primera panorámica de las condiciones temporales, organizativas, económicas, sociales y psicológicas de la profesión. A pesar de algunas limitaciones relacionadas con la posible sobrerrepresentación de ciertas áreas geográficas y contextos laborales, este estudio constituye un primer estadio válido para abordar los aspectos cualitativos posteriormente. La principal conclusión extraída es que, en líneas generales y gracias a la fuerte vocación del profesorado, el grado de satisfacción con la profesión es alto. No obstante, esta adolece de problemas estructurales que se describen.
Informe de autoevaluación como herramienta formativa para árbitros de fútbol. Estudio de caso
Authors: Recio Moreno David , Feliz Murias Tiberio
Published: December 2020

Este artículo ofrece los resultados de una investigación evaluativa centrada en una práctica educativa que se desarrolló durante un torneo internacional de fútbol y que puso el foco en la formación de los árbitros participantes. La experiencia tuvo el objetivo de facilitar a los árbitros un instrumento de autoevaluación para analizar y valorar sus actuaciones arbitrales en los encuentros que dirigieron durante el campeonato. Esta herramienta pretendía, además, servir al equipo docente como fuente de información para detectar las necesidades del grupo en cada jornada y facilitar procesos de feedback dialógico en el marco de una evaluación formativa. Esta retroalimentación se llevó a cabo en las distintas sesiones de formación, caracterizadas por una metodología participativa, interactiva y colaborativa, valorando el vídeo como un recurso didáctico fundamental. Este estudio de caso se desarrolló desde una complementariedad metodológica, cualitativa y cuantitativa, aplicando diversas técnicas e instrumentos. Se analizó el contenido de un conjunto de 371 informes de autoevaluación, elaborados tras cada partido por el grupo de 28 árbitros participantes en el torneo. Se investigó la utilidad y las aportaciones de la herramienta de autoevaluación, así como el nivel de satisfacción con la propuesta de formación, a través del análisis de los resultados de un cuestionario que se administró a los árbitros y de un grupo de discusión con los formadores. Los resultados evidenciaron un alto grado de satisfacción y aceptación del instrumento y de la metodología desarrollada en las reuniones de trabajo. Destacan el valor del vídeo como material didáctico, la calidad de la retroalimentación recibida y del enfoque participativo, interactivo y colaborativo de las diferentes sesiones. Esta propuesta pretende ser transferible a otras situaciones o contextos formativos.
Un fragment d’escultura trobat a la vil·la romana de les Hortes (Xaló, la Marina Alta)
Authors: Arasa Gil Ferran , Vidal i Bertomeu Rubén
Published: December 2020

Donem a conéixer un fragment d’escultura romana que representa una figura infantil alada. Es tracta d’una representació d’Eros que, per les seues reduïdes dimensions, devia formar part d’un grup amb una altra figura major, tal vegada Venus.
MEMORY AND SPACE IN LITERARY TEXTS: AN INVESTIGATION ON NOVELS OF FATIH HARBIYE AND DOKUZUNCU HARICIYE KOGUSU -NINTH SURGICAL WARD-
Authors: YÜCEL Ömer Faruk
Published: December 2020

This study deals with the relationship between memory and space in Peyami Safa's novels. Literary texts are a field of memories by means of imagination or directly from life itself. The author, who can only imagine what he has experienced, takes advantage of memory while writing his text. Therefore, literature constitutes an important resource for studies related to memory. The concept of space that indicates a place where memory is held is an important research object of this study. Because memories, knowledge, experience and life experiences that make an impression in memory always take place in a space. For this, space, besides being a concept that supports memory, actually has a memory itself. Memory spaces emerge as a result of this approach. Memory spaces have a great influence on the formation of social identity. This study also tries to reveal how the memory-space relationship constructs the concept of "identity". Identities which are laid foundation with the world of thought of the society from which the individual comes gain continuity through the memory space. Fatih Harbiye, Peyami Safa’s novel, is a literary work that reflects the east-west, new-old and modern- tradition dualities and reveals the concept of identity in the light of these dualities. This study examines how the relationship between memory and space constructs an identity in Fatih Harbiye's novel. In this study, which draws attention to the direct relationship of memory and space in the shaping of psychological life, the novel Dokuzuncu Hariciye Koğuşu – Ninth Surgical Ward- is an important example for the relationship between personal memory and space.
SPACE AS A CONTEXT IN DANIEL BUREN'S ART
Authors: RENKÇİ TAŞTAN Tuğba
Published: December 2020

20th century; it is a period in which two world wars took place and a new world order in human history occurred in many areas of innovation, development and transformation. After the war, the meaning, content and boundaries of art and the artist have been discussed, expanded and gained a new dimension and acceleration with the deep changes in the social, economic, political and cultural fields with the crisis brought on by the war. This complex period also manifested itself in the traditional art scene in France. The French artist Daniel Buren (b. 1938) has witnessed this process; by adopting the innovations in art with his productions, he has demonstrated his space-oriented conceptual works dating back to the present day in a period in which daily life accelerates with the mechanization of art practice and conceptual art movements are in succession. In this article, in order to comprehend the point of the artist and his productions from the beginning until today; the cultural environment in France after the World War II, the developments in the art world, the changes in the social field and the artistic dimensions of these changes are mentioned. The development and practices of the French artist Daniel Buren's artistic practice, policy, artistic attitude and style for the place, architecture, workshop and museum in the period from the second half of the 1960s to the present day are examined with examples with certain sources. In this context, the views and concepts that the artist advocates with his original productions are included. Finally, in the research, the evaluations were made in line with the sources and information obtained about the art adventure and development of the artist, and the innovations, contributions and different perspectives he offered about the art are discussed.
Impact of government policies on Sustainable Petroleum Supply Chain (SPSC): A case study – Part I (Models)
Authors: Ghahremanlou Davoud , Kubiak Wieslaw
Published: December 2020

Environmental concerns and energy security have led governments to establish legislations to convertConventional Petroleum Supply Chain (CPSC) to Sustainable Petroleum Supply Chain (SPSC). The United States(US), one of the biggest oil consumers in the world, has created regulations to manage ethanol production and con-sumption for the last half century. Though these regulations have created new opportunities, they have also added newburdens to the obligated parties. It is thus key for the government, the obligated parties, and related businesses to studythe impact of the policies on the SPSC. We develop a two-stage stochastic programming model, General Model (GM),which incorporates Renewable Fuel Standard 2 (RFS2), Tax Credits, Tariffs, and Blend Wall (BW) to study the policyimpact on the SPSC using cellulosic ethanol. The model, as any other general model available in the literature, makesit highly impractical to study the policy impact due to the model’s computational complexity. We use the GM to derivea Lean Model (LM) to study the impact by running computational experiments more efficiently and consequently byarriving at robust managerial insights much faster. We present a case study of the policy impact on the SPSC in theState of Nebraska using the LM in the accompanying part II (Ghahremanlou and Kubiak 2020).
Comparison of Intrathecal Fentanyl and Butorphanol as an Adjuvant to Intrathecal Bupivacaine 0.5% in Infraumbilical Surgeries- A Randomised Double Blind Study
Authors: Basunia Sandip Roy , Mukherjee Prosenjit , Munshi Md Bakir Hossain
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Neuraxial opioids are widely used as adjuvants to local anaesthetic as they improve quality and duration of block. Neuraxial opioids like Butorphanol and Fentanyl allow prolonged analgesia in the postoperative period and faster recovery from spinal anaesthesia. Aim: To compare the safety and efficacy of Butorphanol and Fentanyl combined with bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia in infraumbilical surgeries. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomised controlled trial in which 110, ASA I and II patients of either sex who underwent elective infraumbilical surgeries under spinal anaesthesia were selected. Patients were allocated randomly into two groups A (n=55) and B (n=55). Group A (F) received intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg (3 mL) with fentanyl 25 microgram (0.5 mL) to make it total 3.5 mL. Group B (B) received intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg (3 mL) with butorphanol 250 microgram (0.25 mL) and Normal Saline (NS) 0.25 mL to make it total 3.5 mL. Heart Rate (HR), Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP, DBP), two segment regression time of sensory block, motor block were assessed at preset intervals. Chi-square test or Fischer’s-exact test were used and a p-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Mean of two segment sensory regression time of Group A was 41.94±1.73 minutes and Group B was 50.56±4.43 minutes (p<0.0001). Time to onset of motor block in Group A was 5.28±.32 minutes and Group B was 5.27±.32 minutes (p=0.96). Mean duration of motor block in Group A was 81.23±4.87 minutes and Group B was 109.83±2.61 minutes (p<0.0001). Time to rescue analgesic was 289.27±7.37 minutes in Group A and 378.41±10.25 minutes in Group B (p<0.0001). HR, SBP and DBP were comparable among the groups. Conclusion: Intrathecal bupivacaine-butorphanol mixture was clinically better as it provided longer duration of analgesia with lesser incidences of pruritus and nausea/vomiting compared to intrathecal fentanyl-bupivacaine mixture.
Symptomatic Biliary Pseudolithiasis in Adult Patients Treated with Parenteral Ceftriaxone: A Prospective Study
Authors: Eranki Sibi , Arora Aman , Singh Vasundhara
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Ceftriaxone is a frequently used antibiotic in inpatients treated for a number of bacterial infections. Biliary calculi formation called pseudolithiasis is a well-known asymptomatic and reversible complication of this drug. However, a percentage of patients do present with new onset of abdominal symptoms which can be attributable to presence of pseudoliths. Aim: To evaluate incidence of pseudolithiasis in inpatients treated with parenteral Ceftriaxone, to assess resolution of pseudoliths and development of abdominal symptoms attributable to pseudolithiasis on long term follow-up over one year. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational cohort study including all patients admitted at our centre and started on Ceftriaxone. These patients were subjected to sonographic examination on day 1 and day 7 of treatment. Patients who developed pseudolithiasis were prospectively followed-up at one month, three months, six months and one year to assess for resolution or whenever they presented with symptoms. Incidence of pseudolithiasis and complications in patients who developed pseudolithiasis was calculated using standard formulae. Descriptive statistics in terms of numbers and percentages were used. Results: A total of 1490 patients were included in the study from August 2016 till July 2017 and followed for a period of one year (June 2018). The incidence of pseudolithiasis in inpatients treated with parenteral ceftriaxone was 8.7% (131 patients) as observed on Sonographic examination performed on day 7 of therapy. Ten (7.6%) patients had pseudoliths at one month and 1 (0.76%) patient out of these had persistent pseudoliths at all subsequent reviews till one year after diagnosis of the condition. Eleven (8.3%) patients who developed pseudolithiasis during therapy with Ceftriaxone had presented with upper abdominal symptoms suggestive of biliary colic before resolution of pseudolithiasis. Conclusion: Biliary pseudolithiasis is a common side effect of ceftriaxone therapy, occurring in approximately 10% of patients. Biliary colic, cholecystitis and pancreatitis may also result due to these pseudoliths complicating the course of primary illness. Further consultations and interventions like cholecystectomy can be reserved not only to symptomatic individuals but also for those with persistent pseudoliths.
Willingness and Perception of Dental Interns towards Working in Rural Areas in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khanagar Sanjeev Balappa , Alfaran Khaled Mubarak , Alenazi Yaser Basher , Aloqayli Abdulrahman Majed , Alsahhaf Abdulmalik Hesham , Alotaibi Fahad Rashed , Alammari Abdullah Hassan , Alkahtani Salem Mubarak , gusti Abdullah Mohammedsaed
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The shortage of dental workforces in rural areas is a major concern in Saudi Arabia, which affects the delivery of oral health care services. Although there is an improvement in the dentist to population ratio, there still a wide disparity in dentist to population ratio in rural and urban areas. Aim: To assess the perception of dental interns to work in rural areas in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and to know their willingness to serve rural population and factors associated with their decision. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 dental interns from 6 dental colleges located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia over a period of October to December 2019. Data was collected using a self-administered structured close ended questionnaire. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were applied to measure the association of age, gender and marital status on their responses. A p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 400 participants, 58% were willing to work in rural areas. Close proximity to hometown, in need for a job, rural placement program, fees and loan forgiveness and having rural background were the most favouring factors for working in rural area, whereas unfavourable working condition, lack of transportation facilities, poor accommodation, less scope for professional development and lack of necessary infrastructure were the main factors for reluctance. The male participants, Saudi nationals, rural residents, and the one whose fathers are less educated, were more likely to work in rural areas. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study a comprehensive human resource strategy be designed by health or medical educators in order to encourage dental students to take up jobs in rural areas.
Dynamic Gesture Controlled User Interface Expert HCI System using Adaptative Background Masking: An Aid to Prevent Cross Infections
Authors: Rawat Seema , Kumar Praveen , Singh Ishita , Banerjee Shourya , Urooj Shabana , Alrowais Fadwa
Published: December 2020

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) interfaces need unambiguous instructions in the form of mouse clicks or keyboard taps from the user and thus gets complex. To simplify this monotonous task, a real-time hand gesture recognition method using computer vision, image, and video processing techniques has been proposed. Controlling infections has turned out to be the major concern of the healthcare environment. Several input devices such as keyboards, mouse, touch screens can be considered as a breeding ground for various micro pathogens and bacteria. Direct use of hands as an input device is an innovative method for providing natural HCI ensuring minimal physical contact with the devices i.e., less transmission of bacteria and thus can prevent cross infections. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been used for object detection and classification. CNN architecture for 3d object recognition has been proposed which consists of two models: 1) A detector, a CNN architecture for detection of gestures; and 2) A classifier, a CNN for classification of the detected gestures. By using dynamic hand gesture recognition to interact with the system, the interactions can be increased with the help of multidimensional use of hand gestures as compared to other input methods. The dynamic hand gesture recognition method focuses to replace the mouse for interaction with the virtual objects. This work centralises the efforts of implementing a method that employs computer vision algorithms and gesture recognition techniques for developing a low-cost interface device for interacting with objects in the virtual environment such as screens using hand gestures.
MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT PILONIDAL SINUS WITH KSHARALEPA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Jalawadi Poornima , PP Aiyanna
Published: December 2020

Pilonidal Sinus (PNS) is a commonest presentation in surgical practice with a high prevalence rate at more than 1 million cases per year in India, where as incidence is about 26 per 1,00,000 population. A 30-year-old male patient presented with PNS after an unsuccessful excision followed by antibiotic therapy. The challenge in this case was not only to excise the tract but also preventing its recurrence. Adopting the principles of Vranopakramas using Ksharakarma, Utsadana karma described in Ayurveda helped to manage the PNS effectively without any recurrence after 32 months of follow-up.
A COMPARATIVE RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL OF NAVAYAS LOUHA SYRUP AND NISHA LOUHA SYRUP IN THE MANAGEMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN INDIAN CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PANDU ROGA
Authors: Tiwari Bharti , Tiwari Amar Singh , Gupta Satish Chand
Published: December 2020

Iron deficiency is the most usual dietary deficiency worldwide, approximately 25% of the world’s population suffering from iron deficiency anemia according to the World Health Organization. A Neonate has total body iron of 250 mg (80 mg/kg), obtained from maternal sources. In the first 6 months of life, during the period when the infant gets an iron-deficient milk diet, this amount decreases to 60 mg/kg. Infants fed with cow’s milk are at greater risk to develop iron deficiency anemia because calcium from cow’s milk is competing with iron for absorption. There are a large number of formulations (like Navayas Louha Syrup, Nisha Louha Syrup etc.) that are mentioned to prevent iron deficiency anemia in Indian children. Despite lack of scientific data regarding the clinical efficacy of Navayas Louha Syrup and Nisha Louha Syrup, an effort has been done to present the current scenario. 60 anemic patients of either sex age between 1-15 years were randomly selected from Kaumarabhritya O.P.D. and I.P.D. of Rani Dullaiya Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Bhopal (M.P), India. Overall, in the study Navayas Louha is 74.53% and Nisha Louha is 69.34% having clinical efficacy. The study was showed in clinical trial efficacy of Navayas Louha syrup is better than Nisha Louha syrup in the management of iron deficiency anemia in Indian children.
PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF JATYADI GHRITA AND JATYADI KER TAILA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR HPTLC FINGERPRINTS PROFILE
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Rao Shankar K
Published: December 2020

Jatyadi Ghrita is a ghee based Ayurvedic formulation useful for sravi (secretory), gambhira (deep), Dushta Vrana (contaminated wound) by external application by shodhana (cleaning) and ropana (healing) as per the classical texts of Ayurveda. Now day’s pharmacies are using coconut oil instead of ghrita for preparation of Jatyadi Ker Taila, but remaining contents are same as that of Jatyadighrita as quoted in our Samhitas. Hence a comparative study on Jatyadighrita as per classical text and Jatyadi Ker Taila (modified method by using coconut oil replacing ghrita) to know their physico-chemical properties. The physicochemical tests performed on different samples of Jatyadi Ghrita and Jatyadi Ker taila such as specific gravity, acid value, saponification value, Total fatty matter, melting point, viscosity etc. Further standardization by instrument analysis performed on HPTLC for finger printing profile. Comparative evaluation of above parameters shows that Ker taila (coconut oil) can be used as better substitute of ghrita for the preparation of Jatyadi formulation. Related physicochemical tests and HPTLC profile clearly shows the more stability of formulation and increased number of secondary metabolite extraction in Ker taila than ghrita. Possibly the above results denote best substitution of classical formulation Jatyadi ghrita is Jatyadi Ker taila (by using coconut oil replacing ghrita).