bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of oral hygiene in nursing homes with and without a structured oral healthcare programme
Authors: Janssens Lynn E. , Temmerman Emma , Maertens Jonas , De Visschere Luc , Petrovic Mirko , Janssens Barbara E.
Published: June 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to compare the oral hygiene (dental and denture plaque) among residents in nursing homes that have implemented an oral healthcare programme (Gerodent) with that of residents in nursing homes that provide standard oral care.

Background

Gerodent is a comprehensive oral healthcare programme introduced in 2010, which includes mobile on‐site professional oral care. Sixty‐two nursing homes have actively implemented Gerodent between 8 and 12 years preceding this study.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study compared a cluster random sample of Gerodent nursing home residents to residents of matched control nursing homes. Residents' dental (Turesky Index) and denture plaque (Augsburger & Elahi Index) scores were collected as primary outcome variables. Data on tongue plaque, oral hygiene aids and demographic characteristics were recorded. Data were collected between 2020 and 2023. Generalised estimating equations were used to compare the oral hygiene between both study groups.

Results

Residents in the Gerodent group (n = 171) had significantly lower mean dental and denture plaque scores than their counterparts in the non‐Gerodent group (n = 159; dental plaque 1.68 vs. 2.71; RR 0.32; 95% CI: 0.23–0.44; and denture plaque 1.60 vs. 2.21; RR 0.55; 95% CI: 0.42–0.72). While basic oral hygiene aids were available to most residents in both groups, denture brushes were more common in the Gerodent group.

Conclusion

Residents in Gerodent nursing homes had significantly better oral hygiene than those older people residing in non‐Gerodent nursing homes, although plaque scores were insufficient to prevent oral conditions. Oral health professionals need to work with and provide ongoing support in long‐term care facilities to further improve oral hygiene.
Negative life events, sleep quality, and depression among older adults in Shandong Province, China: A conditional process analysis based on economic income
Authors: Zhu Jing , Xu Lingzhong , Sun Long , Qin Dawei
Published: June 2024

Aim

Negative life events have been reported as a risk factor for depression. However, the mechanism between negative life events and depression is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of sleep quality and the moderating role of economic income in the association between negative life events and depression among older adults aged 60 years and over.

Methods

A multi‐stage stratified sampling method was used to select elderly individuals over 60 years old in Shandong, China, making use of the Household Health Interview Survey (2020). In total, 3868 older adults completed the measures of negative life events, sleep quality, depression, and economic income.

Results

Negative life events positively predicted depression among the elderly (proportion of direct effect, 55.12%), and poor sleep quality could mediate this association (proportion of indirect effect, 44.87%). Economic income played a moderating role in the relationship between negative life events, sleep quality, and depression (the first and second half of the mediating effect, the direct effect of negative life events on depression). Both effects were weaker among the elderly with higher economic incomes.

Conclusions

Negative life events had positive effects on depression in older adults. Economic income moderated the direct effect of negative life events and the mediating effect (first and second half) of sleep quality on depression. When the elderly experience negative life events, interventions for improving their sleep quality and financial support could effectively prevent depression. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 751–757.
Towards a Christian Postmodern Ethics: Theosis, Aporia, Apatheia
Authors: Bickersteth Samuel
Published: June 2024

This article considers purgation as a possible basis for a theological response to John Caputo's postmodern critique of ethics. It begins by reflecting on purgation and theosis in the writings of Gregory of Nyssa and Origen of Alexandria. It then probes the classical origins of these themes by turning to Sean D. Kirkland's consideration of the aporetic quality of progressions toward the Good in Plato's early dialogues. It emphasises knowledge of the Good as one with its non‐knowing and distinguishes this view from Caputo's reading of Hegel. After retrieving some strong metaphysical concepts in light of this reading, it engages Caputo's Against Ethics directly, considering its critique of Aristotle's dependence on contingent events for shaping the ethical life. It situates the purgative struggle for the Good in a distinctly ‘lived’ context through the personhood of Jesus. In orthodox Christology, the Good becomes an immanent ethical agent whose shared ontological horizon with humanity ensures virtue is in nothing other than a life that struggles to reckon with the Good. It concludes with the suggestion that purgation is theosis, and that this entails an attitude of apatheia defined by radical openness to events.
Silicon‐based bond coatings for environmental barrier coatings: Present status and prospective
Authors: Luo Jing‐Chuan , Yang Wen‐Qi , Chen Lin , Yang Guan‐Jun
Published: June 2024

Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are indispensable for the service of SiC‐based turbine engines. The Si‐bond coating is a critical layer that prevents oxidants from penetrating SiC substrates and determines the service lifetimes of EBCs. In this study, the oxidation behaviors and failure mechanisms of Si‐based bond coatings were reviewed. The large growth rate and phase transformation of thermally grown oxides (TGOs, SiO2) seriously deteriorate the service of Si‐bond coatings. The low melting point of Si further limits its application in next‐generation engines above 1 427°C. The results show that an isolated particle healing (IPH) treatment decreased the oxidation rate of the Si‐bond coating by ∼24% at 1 300°C. Moreover, the Si–HfO2 and Si‐stabilizer (Si–Al2O3 or Si‐mullite) composite/duplex bond coatings can eliminate SiO2 phase transitions, thus improving the service lifetime. In addition, rare earth silicide (RESi), SiC and SiO2–HfO2 composite show potential for use in next‐generation EBCs above 1 427°C. This review provides guidance for designing Si‐based bond coatings with improved service lifetime.
Skin cancer incidence in Mexican renal transplant recipients: a cohort over 56 years
Authors: Malagón‐Liceaga Andrea , Bermúdez‐Rodríguez Samantha Paola , Romero‐Aguila Jesús Alejandro , Carolina Lopez‐Jimenez Fanny , Palafox‐Romo Rebeca , Díaz‐Sánchez Verónica Monserrat , Marino‐Vazquez Lluvia , Morales‐Buenrostro Luis Eduardo , Alberú Gómez Josefina , Domínguez‐Cherit Judith , Ruelas‐Villavicencio Ana Lilia
Published: June 2024

Background

Skin cancer is a primary health concern in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Existing research mainly stems from North America, Europe, and Australia, with limited data from Latin America.

Methods

This 56‐year (1967–2023) retrospective cohort study explores skin cancer incidence in Mexican RTRs. Our objective was to assess the long‐term incidence of malignant cutaneous neoplasms in Mexican RTRs.

Results

Over 56 years, 1642 RTRs (58% male) were studied. Median follow‐up was 8.4 years; median age at transplantation was 32.6 years. Skin cancer incidence was 6.6% (95% CI: 5.5–7.9), with an incidence density rate of 6.5 (95% CI: 5.4–7.9) per 1000 person‐years and a median latency of 9.8 years. Incidence increased with longer transplantation‐related immunosuppression (TRI), with a relative risk for >30 years of TRI of 4.8 (95% CI: 2.6–9.1) for any skin cancer and 7.5 (95% CI: 3.8–14.6) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). SCC was the most common malignancy (76.1%), followed by basal cell carcinomas (BCC), with a 3.6:1 ratio. Metastatic SCC occurred in 6.5% of skin cancer patients, with a skin cancer‐related mortality rate of 2.7%. Limitations of the study include its single‐center and retrospective design and unassessed factors such as human papillomavirus infection and sun exposure.

Conclusions

Our study provides unique insights into the epidemiology of skin cancer among Mexican RTRs. It constitutes the largest cohort of skin cancer cases among RTRs in Mexico and, to our knowledge, in Latin America. Despite the lack of recognition of a high skin cancer incidence in non‐White RTRs, our 6.6% incidence underscores the need to enhance surveillance programs.
Oral lichen planus‐like lesions in skin of color: a review
Authors: De Dipankar , Jain Sejal , Dev Anubha , Chatterjee Debajyoti
Published: June 2024

In dermatology, lichenoid describes lesions with a violaceous hue that is a clinical reflection of basal cell damage in the epithelium and dense mononuclear infiltrate in the sub‐epithelium. The violaceous color results from pigment incontinence due to basal cell damage and the Tyndall effect. Although classically described in lichen planus, a lichenoid hue is noted in the oral mucosa in several other disorders that often lead to diagnostic dilemmas. Early and accurate diagnosis is important for the appropriate management of the underlying condition and prognostication. Dermatologists play a central role in managing such patients since, apart from the oral mucosa findings, the cutaneous features also help to significantly differentiate various conditions. Mimickers of oral lichen planus include nicotine stomatitis, oral submucous fibrosis, oral lichenoid lesions, mucosal discoid lupus erythematosus, pemphigus vulgaris, paraneoplastic pemphigus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, fixed drug eruption, plasma cell cheilitis/gingivitis, and erythema multiforme. While a detailed history and clinical examination can help reach a diagnosis in most cases, histopathology, immunofluorescence, and other relevant investigations help establish the diagnosis.
Treatment of atopic dermatitis with abrocitinib in real practice in Spain: efficacy and safety results from a 24‐week multicenter study
Authors: Armario‐Hita Jose Carlos , Pereyra‐Rodriguez Jose Juan , González‐Quesada Alicia , Herranz Pedro , Suarez Ricardo , Galan‐Gutiérrez Manuel , Rodríguez‐Serna Mercedes , Ortiz de Frutos Javier , Carrascosa José Manuel , Serra‐Baldrich Esther , Ara‐Martin Mariano , Figueras‐Nart Ignasi , Silvestre Juan Francisco , Zaragoza‐Ninet Violeta , Ruiz‐Villaverde Ricardo
Published: June 2024

Background

Abrocitinib, a selective JAK 1 inhibitor, was recently approved in Europe. Despite its approval, real‐world data on its efficacy and safety in treating moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) remains limited.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the short‐term effectiveness and safety of abrocitinib in a real‐life setting for patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective multicenter study involving adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD who started abrocitinib treatment between May 1, 2023, and September 30, 2023, in 15 Spanish hospitals. Treatment doses were 100 or 200 mg daily, based on clinical assessment. Data collection included patient demographics, AD history, comorbidities, previous treatments, and disease severity indicators such as SCORing atopic dermatitis (SCORAD), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), body surface area, and Peak Pruritus NRS scores at baseline, 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Quality of life was measured using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and safety was assessed by monitoring adverse reactions and various biochemical parameters.

Results

The cohort comprised 76 patients with an average age of 33.93 years; 57.89% were male. Before abrocitinib, 36.84% were naïve to advanced therapies. The baseline mean scores were SCORAD 47.04, EASI 21.79, and DLQI 15.01. At Week 24, there were significant improvements: EASI was reduced to 2.81, and 70.58% of the patients achieved EASI 75. However, 18.42% discontinued treatment mainly due to inefficacy or adverse effects. The safety profile was favorable, with 22.37% reporting mild adverse events (AEs) and one serious case of cutaneous lymphoma.

Conclusions

This first Spanish series assessing abrocitinib in real‐world conditions reveals a significant improvement in AD symptoms and quality of life in a range of severity and prior treatment failures. Abrocitinib was well‐tolerated, with few serious AEs, highlighting its potential as an effective treatment option for AD.
A revised model of cognitive apprenticeship: A qualitative study
Authors: Matsuo Makoto
Published: June 2024

The six‐phase model of cognitive apprenticeship (modelling, coaching, scaffolding, articulation, reflection and exploration) has been recognized as a useful and effective instructional method in educational research; however, only a few studies have investigated the structural relationships among the six phases at work. This study aimed to qualitatively examine the relationships among the six phases of cognitive apprenticeship. The study focused on the preceptorship of clinical nursing education in which an experienced nurse (preceptor) instructs a newly registered nurse (preceptee) during their first year of tenure. The grounded theory approach was used to analyse open‐ended survey data from 41 nurses at a university hospital in Japan. Participants were asked to recall how they were instructed by their preceptors. The results indicated that preceptors used articulation and reflection during coaching, scaffolding, and exploration, and that scaffolding was closely associated with exploration. Based on these findings, a revised model of cognitive apprenticeship was proposed. This study contributes to the literature by proposing a revised cognitive apprenticeship model.
Cracking the type 1 diabetes code: Genes, microbes, immunity, and the early life environment
Authors: Yau Christopher , Danska Jayne S.
Published: June 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immunological dysregulation, and environmental triggers, that culminate in the destruction of insulin‐secreting pancreatic β cells. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the multiple factors underpinning T1D pathogenesis, to elucidate key mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Beginning with an exploration of genetic risk factors, we dissect the roles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes and non‐HLA gene variants associated with T1D susceptibility. Mechanistic insights gleaned from the NOD mouse model provide valuable parallels to the human disease, particularly immunological intricacies underlying β cell–directed autoimmunity. Immunological drivers of T1D pathogenesis are examined, highlighting the pivotal contributions of both effector and regulatory T cells and the multiple functions of B cells and autoantibodies in β‐cell destruction. Furthermore, the impact of environmental risk factors, notably modulation of host immune development by the intestinal microbiome, is examined. Lastly, the review probes human longitudinal studies, unveiling the dynamic interplay between mucosal immunity, systemic antimicrobial antibody responses, and the trajectories of T1D development. Insights garnered from these interconnected factors pave the way for targeted interventions and the identification of biomarkers to enhance T1D management and prevention strategies.
Factors Influencing Staff Perceptions of Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitals: A Meta‐Review of the Literature
Authors: Thompson Kate A. , Modini Matthew , Abbott Maree J.
Published: June 2024

Staff perceptions of inpatient psychiatric hospitals ultimately impact a range of organisational and care‐related variables, including staff retention and quality of care for inpatients. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta‐review to synthesise themes reported by staff to influence their perceptions of inpatient psychiatric hospitals. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic reviews. PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched. Reviews were eligible for inclusion if they examined the perception/experience of paid staff involved in caring for adults with mental illnesses admitted to an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Eligible reviews were assessed for methodological quality and bias. Thematic synthesis was used to merge thematically similar findings into an aggregate summary. Fifteen reviews were included, from which seven themes were reliably extracted: staff and patient safety, views on inpatients' experiences, relationships on the ward, ward rules, knowledge and experience, service delivery issues and coercive measures. Confidence in the evidence underlying each theme was analysed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation—Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE‐CERQual) criteria. Results indicate that staff perceptions of inpatient psychiatric hospitals overlap with inpatients' perspectives, particularly regarding the therapeutic relationship, coercive measures and ward safety, in addition to unique experiences. Factors identified can help guide ways to improve staff retention, satisfaction and quality of treatment.
The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in the Relationship Between Family Sense of Coherence and Caregiver Stress Among Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Zoromba Mohamed Ali , Atta Mohamed Husssien Ramadan , Ali Ahmed Salah , El‐Gazar Heba Emad , Amin Shaimaa Mohamed
Published: June 2024

Caregiving for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) poses significant stress for parents, necessitating an exploration of mitigating factors. This study investigates the interplay between Family Sense of Coherence, Psychological Capital and caregiver stress in this context. A total of 205 caregivers of children with ASD participated in this cross‐sectional study. Data were collected on Family Sense of coherence, Psychological Capital (encompassing hope, resilience, optimism and self‐efficacy) and caregiver stress. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the mediation effect of psychological capital between family sense of coherence and caregiver stress. The results indicated a strong positive correlation between family sense of coherence and all subdomains of psychological capital, with coefficients ranging from 0.541 to 0.610. Conversely, psychological capital demonstrated significant negative correlations with various domains of the Kingstone Caregiver Stress Scale, including caregiving, family issues and financial issues (coefficients from −0.443 to −0.427). Furthermore, family sense of coherence showed a direct negative effect on stress (β = −0.384, p < 0.001). Notably, the study revealed a significant mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between family sense of coherence and caregiver stress, with an indirect effect of family sense of coherence on stress through psychological capital (β = −0.127). The findings underscore the crucial role of family sense of coherence and psychological capital in enhancing psychological resources and mitigating stress among caregivers of children with ASD. These results suggest that interventions aimed at strengthening family coherence and building psychological capital could be effective strategies in alleviating stress among caregivers of children with ASD. Healthcare professionals should consider incorporating family coherence approaches and psychological capital techniques in their support programs for these caregivers.
Presidential agendas in statutory interpretation: A case study of the Ministry of Government Legislation of Korea (MGLK)
Authors: Kim Hyang‐mi , Lee Kwon Hyung , Park Nara
Published: June 2024

In this study, we examined how and whether a government organisation aligns with a presidential agenda. At all stages of the policy development process, the president interacts with government bodies, despite the principle of the separation of powers. Moreover, in any government organisation, policy implementation begins with interpreting the president's agenda and preferences, given that state administration policy is presented as the law only after the legislature's deliberation and resolution. Our study's premise is that the president's policy agenda preferences and the bureaucratic agency's willingness to act are the drivers of statutory interpretation, which is often neglected but is nonetheless crucial to administrative decision‐making. In addition to interpreting the statutes, the Ministry of Government Legislation of Korea (MGLK) is also a conduit for presidential policy; as such, the MGLK can significantly impact policy formulation and implementation.
Morphological characterization of anterior axial bifurcation in Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea and other puzzling occurrences in Holothuroidea
Authors: Rupp Guilherme Sabino , Martins Luciana , Souto Camilla , Hamel Jean‐François , Mercier Annie
Published: June 2024

The present study explores rare but taxonomically and geographically widespread cases of anterior body axial bifurcation in adult sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). One individual of Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea, a common intertidal species along the Atlantic coast of Brazil, was studied externally and internally. Individuals of Apostichopus californicus from the northeastern Pacific coast of Washington (USA), H. (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota in the Indian Ocean off La Réunion, H. (Panningothuria) forskali from the Atlantic coast of Spain, and Parastichopus tremulus from the northeastern Atlantic off Norway were also reported to display similar anterior body axial bifurcation. In each of these species, the anterior body presented two mouths with their respective crown of tentacles. In vivo observations of H. (Halodeima) grisea showed that the two tentacle crowns and mouths were independently functional. Micro‐computed tomography (μCT) revealed that the anterior region of the body (up to the pharynx) was duplicated. Internally, two aquapharyngeal bulbs were found, each with their own calcareous ring (one with two plates missing), madreporite, and Polian vesicles. The body presented a normal set of five longitudinal muscle bands, some of which bifurcated orally to support more than one calcareous ring plate. This is the first report of such abnormalities in Holothuroidea and hypotheses that may explain such phenomenon are discussed.
Neutron tomography analysis of permeability‐enhancing additives in refractory castables
Authors: Moreira M. H. , Pont S. Dal , Tengattini A. , Pandolfelli V. C.
Published: June 2024

Polymeric fibers are often used as a drying additive for refractory castables because they can increase their permeability, reducing the risk of pressurization that is believed to trigger explosive spalling. Despite the potential of synthetic polymers to be engineered and obtain desired properties, the required parameters for inducing permeability enhancement remain unclear. This inhibits the development of novel designed drying additives and improvement of the numerical models. This work investigates the effect of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and cellulose fibers on the water transport in refractory castables through rapid neutron tomography, enabling the in situ visualization of the water distribution, the drying front advance and the size, intensity and duration of moisture accumulation. PE and cellulose fibers accelerate drying fronts earlier than PP, in which PE exhibits larger moisture accumulation, residual moisture behind its drying front and a slower drying rate at higher temperatures despite the early water removal initiation. In contrast, cellulose emerged as a better candidate, due to a swelling–shrinkage based mechanism. The neutron tomography observations unveil the dynamic and intricate effect of fibers in the permeability, emphasizing that safer industrial processes require a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms to develop better fibers and accurate numerical models.
Ternary nitride GaFe3N: Study of the structural and glassy magnetic properties at low temperatures
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Yongkun , Yan Yehan , He Pengzhen , Wang Guanglin , Bao Lei , Liu Houbao , Kan Xucai
Published: June 2024

In ternary nitrides, the Ga0.9Fe3.1N sample has ultimately been prepared through solid‐gas preparation for the gallium‐richest phase GaFe3N. The substitution of gallium atoms for iron atoms weakens the saturation magnetization of ferromagnetic γʹ‐Fe4N and induces the transmission from ferromagnetism to antiferromagnetism. A new magnetic behavior, defined as the spin glassy magnetic state, has been observed in the temperature‐dependent magnetic performance measurement process for Ga0.9Fe3.1N. The magnetic competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic Fe–Fe bonds will lead to the spin frustration of the magnetic system. And even the positional disorders caused by substitution, will all be responsible for the spin glassy behavior in Ga0.9Fe3.1N.
Analysing the effectiveness of online digital audio software and offline audio studios in fostering Chinese folk music composition skills in music education
Authors: Lei Xiaowei
Published: June 2024

Background

This research aimed at investigating the effectiveness of online digital audio software Logic Pro X and offline audio studios in creating an original folk‐style track. The goal was to define the more effective method for the perspective and quality of musical compositions that students create during learning.

Objectives

This research enrolled 207 students from Hubei Polytechnic University, who were randomised to the control and experimental groups.

Methods

Within one month, each participant created a folk song using software or an offline university studio, where sound editing and processing programmes were not employed. The author's questionnaire Scale of perspective and expert evaluation were used as metric methods.

Results and Conclusions

The data obtained showed that both methods do not differ both in terms of perspective and in terms of the overall quality of the created tracks (p ≥ 0.05). As quality criteria, the experts considered such scales as pitch accuracy, rhythmic accuracy, tone quality and expression, articulation, dynamics, interpretation, phrasing, creativity, arrangement, and overall performance. This research showed that online digital audio software can be an effective tool in music education, just like offline studios, in terms of skill development and practice.
Copy number variations: The potential association genetic cause in severe cardiovascular diseases with unknown aetiology
Authors: Naderi Niloofar , MozafaryBazargany MohammadHossein , Maleki Majid , Kalayinia Samira
Published: June 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. While both genetic and environmental factors significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of CVDs, recent advancements in genetic technology have further emphasized the significance of genetic factors in CVDs. Growing evidence suggests genetic changes as a primary cause of CVDs and their susceptibility. The major genetic changes include chromosomal aneuploidy, abnormal chromosomal structure, and single gene mutations. Copy number variation (CNV) is a type of newly introduced structural change that influences the copy number of a genome region. CNVs could manifest with more severe phenotypes compared to single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as they affect a considerably larger segment of the genome. Additionally, for the same reason, CNVs tend to manifest earlier in life compared to SNP. Recent studies have demonstrated the fundamental role of CNVs in the development or susceptibility to cardiovascular disorders. However, it remains to be determined which CVDs should prompt CNV tests in clinical practice. In this review, we discussed the extent to which CNV could take part in CVDs and further hypothesized that testing for CNV might be most beneficial for selective patients with CVDs.
SNORD99 promotes endometrial cancer development by inhibiting GSDMD‐mediated pyroptosis through 2'‐O‐methylation modification
Authors: Xian Jing‐yuan , Wu Wu , Chen Xi , Bao Hai‐juan , Zhang Song , Sheng Xiu‐Jie , Chen Shuo
Published: June 2024

Eukaryotic cells possess multiple mechanisms of self‐destruction, including pyroptosis and necroptosis. Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death characterized by cellular rupture and linked to inflammation. SnoRNA, a small non‐coding RNA in the nucleolus, can dysregulate specific RNAs through 2'‐O‐methylation, contributing to tumorigenesis. Our StarBase and qRT‐PCR analysis revealed SNORD99 upregulation in endometrial cancer (EC) tissue compared to normal tissue, suggesting its role in pathogenesis. SNORD99 overexpression enhanced migration and proliferation of EC cells, while ASO‐mediated suppression reduced malignant cell spread and division. RNA‐seq and base‐comparing analysis identified GSDMD's differential expression upon SNORD99 overexpression, forming the SNORD99‐FBL RNP complex. RTL‐P experiments showed SNORD99 increased GSDMD's 2'‐O‐methylation. SNORD99 reduced GSDMD, caspase‐1, and NLRP3 protein levels, implicating its role in pyroptosis. Optical and electron microscopy confirmed enhanced pyroptosis features. In summary, SNORD99 modifies GSDMD via 2'‐O‐methylation, suppressing pyroptosis and promoting EC progression. Developing pyroptosis‐inducing drugs may offer new cancer treatment avenues.
External validation of the Hong Kong Chinese non‐laboratory risk models and scoring algorithm for case finding of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus in primary care
Authors: Cheng Will HG , Dong Weinan , Tse Emily TY , Wong Carlos KH , Chin Weng Y , Bedford Laura E , Fong Daniel YT , Ko Welchie WK , Chao David VK , Tan Kathryn CB , Lam Cindy LK
Published: June 2024

Aims/Introduction

Two Hong Kong Chinese non‐laboratory‐based prediabetes/diabetes mellitus (pre‐DM/DM) risk models were developed using logistic regression (LR) and machine learning, respectively. We aimed to evaluate the models' validity in case finding of pre‐DM/DM in a Chinese primary care (PC) population. We also evaluated the validity of a risk‐scoring algorithm derived from the LR model.

Materials and Methods

This was a cross‐sectional external validation study on Chinese adults, without a prior DM diagnosis, who were recruited from public/private PC clinics in Hong Kong. A total of 1,237 participants completed a questionnaire on the models' predictors. Of that, 919 underwent blood glucose testing. The primary outcome was the models' and the algorithm's sensitivity in finding pre‐DM/DM cases. The secondary outcomes were the models' and the algorithm's specificity, positive/negative predictive values, discrimination and calibration.

Results

The models' sensitivity were 0.70 (machine learning) and 0.72 (LR). Both showed good external discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: machine learning 0.744, LR 0.739). The risks estimated by the models were lower than the observed incidence, indicating poor calibration. Both models were more effective among participants with lower pretest probabilities; that is, age 18–44 years. The algorithm's sensitivity was 0.77 at the cut‐off score of ≥16 out of 41.

Conclusion

This study showed the validity of the models and the algorithm for finding pre‐DM/DM cases in a Chinese PC population in Hong Kong. They can facilitate more cost‐effective identification of high‐risk individuals for blood testing to diagnose pre‐DM/DM in PC. Further studies should recalibrate the models for more precise risk estimation in PC populations.
An integrated time‐varying moment (ITVM) model for flood frequency re‐analysis under future climate change conditions
Authors: Dong Lijun , Dong Xiaohua , Ma Yaoming , Wei Chong , Yu Dan , Bo Huijuan , Guo Jing
Published: June 2024

The frequency analysis method is commonly used to calculate design floods. Under the double challenge of the non‐stationary situation under the changing environment and the inadequate length of flood series, developing a new method to integrate the historical extraordinary floods into the non‐stationary frequency analysis is essential. First, the Multi‐Model Ensemble projections of temperature and precipitation based on Global Climate Model outputs were employed to drive the Soil & Water Assessment Tool hydrological model for runoff simulation. Then, the Integrated Time‐Varying Moment (ITVM) model was developed to re‐analyze the design floods based on the Pearson‐III distribution. The calibrated SWAT model can satisfactorily simulate the rainfall‐runoff relationship in the Yalong River basin. The developed ITVM model is effective to conduct the design flood frequency analysis to cope with the problems of insufficient length and non‐stationarity of the flood series. The design flood values of Maidilong station show an obvious increase, with variations of 6.5%–9.4%, 2.9%–12.3%, and 16%–33.7% for SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, and SSP5‐8.5, respectively. The significant increase of low frequencies (p = 0.2%, p = 0.1%) floods, especially for SSP5‐8.5 scenario, requires more attention, as the increased floods may exceed the discharge capacity of the reservoir determined at the design stage.
Trilemma of life cycle carbon, employment, and costs of trucking industry's shift toward automation and electrification
Authors: Mandouri Jafar , Onat Nuri C. , Kucukvar Murat , Sen Burak
Published: June 2024

The transportation sector is undergoing a transformative shift, driven by advancements like autonomous and electric vehicle technologies. In this research, we investigate employment, carbon emissions, and total cost of ownership of autonomy and electrification in the US trucking industry. We utilize life cycle assessment and multi‐regional input‐output modeling to develop a comprehensive life cycle sustainability assessment approach. According to the results, while enhanced fuel economy due to autonomous systems can lead up to a 18% and 41% reduction in emissions and costs, electrification of diesel trucks shows remarkable potential, achieving up to a 40% decline in emissions and a 12% saving in life cycle costs. Autonomy and electrification combined could lead to a 50% decrease in emissions and 46% savings in life cycle costs. On the other hand, autonomy, while enhancing fuel efficiency and reducing costs, causes job losses due to improved efficiency and the elimination of driver positions. Introducing autonomy to diesel trucks results in a 27% decrease in jobs within the US trucking sector, attributed to improved fuel efficiency and subsequent job losses. Transition to autonomy and electrification requires a deliberate balance between environmental, social, and economic aspects. Managerial strategies should consider the use of the proposed composite indicators when setting emission reduction, cost cutting, and managing employment implications. Flexible re‐skilling and training programs should be developed to adapt to the changing skill requirements due to electrification and automation.
Modification of the isotopic and geochemical compositions of accessory minerals controlled by microstructural setting
Authors: Clark Chris , Taylor Richard J. M. , Roberts Malcolm P. , Harley Simon L.
Published: June 2024

In situ age and trace element determinations of monazite, rutile and zircon grains from an ultrahigh temperature (UHT) metapelite‐hosted leucosome from the Napier Complex using laser split‐stream analysis reveal highly variable behaviour in both the U–Pb and trace element systematics that can be directly linked to the microstructural setting of individual grains. Monazite grains armoured by garnet and quartz retain two concordant ages 2.48 and 2.43 Ga that are consistent with the previously determined ages for peak UHT metamorphism in the Napier Complex. Yttrium in the armoured grains is unzoned with contents of ~700 ppm for the garnet‐hosted monazite and in the range 400–1,600 ppm for the monazite enclosed within quartz. A monazite grain hosted within mesoperthite records a spread of ages from 2.43 to 2.20 Ga and Y contents ranging between 400 and 1,700 ppm. This grain exhibits core to rim zoning in both Y and age, with the cores enriched in Y relative to the rim and younger ages in the core relative to the rim. A monazite grain that sits on a grain boundary between mesoperthite and garnet records the largest spread in ages—from 2.42 to 2.05 Ga. The youngest ages in this grain are within a linear feature that reaches the core and is connected to the grain boundary between the garnet and mesoperthite; the oldest ages are observed where monazite is in contact with garnet. Yttrium in the grain is enriched in the core and depleted at the rim with the strongest depletions where monazite is adjacent to grain boundaries between the silicate minerals or in contact with garnet. The unarmoured monazite grains have lower intercept ages of 1.85 Ga, which overlaps with the bulk of ages determined from the rutile and is coincident with a previously reported zircon age obtained through depth profiling from the Napier Complex. The age and chemical relationships outlined above illustrate decoupling between the geochemical and geochronological systems in monazite. Individual grains are suggestive of a range of processes that modify these systems, including volume diffusion, flux‐limited diffusion and fluid‐enhanced recrystallization, all operating at the scale of a single thin section and primarily controlled by host mineral microstructural setting. These findings illustrate how the development of simple partitioning coefficients (cf. garnet/zircon) and geospeedometry based on experimentally determined diffusion coefficients on grain separates may not be achievable. However, it highlights the utility of combining age and trace element concentrations from multiple accessory minerals with microstructural information when trying to build a complete history of tectonothermal events experienced by an ancient rock system that has undergone a prolonged history of thermal, deformational and fluid flow events.
Fecal testosterone levels positively correlated with sexually motivated behaviors in male Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana)
Authors: Zhu Yong , Zhang Qixin , Tao Ruisong , Gao Zhuozhi , Xia Dongpo
Published: June 2024

Background

Testosterone plays a crucial role in regulating sexual behavior among non‐human primates, working primarily by increasing copulatory behavior and sexual motivation. In this study, we analyzed fecal testosterone levels in five adult male Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) living freely in the Huangshan National Reserve in Anhui Province. The aim was to investigate the relationships between fecal testosterone levels and sexually motivated behaviors.

Methods

We collected a total of 426 fecal samples and observed approximately 453 h of focal sampling behavioral data. Sexually motivated behaviors were categorized as sexual chase, grimace, and sexual‐inspection.

Results

The results showed a positive correlation between sexually motivated behaviors and copulatory behavior. Furthermore, all the three sexually motivated behaviors, including sexual chase, grimace, and sexual‐inspection, were positively correlated with fecal testosterone levels.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated positive correlations between sexually motivated behaviors and fecal testosterone in free‐ranging Tibetan macaques.
“The panic stays in your mind…concentrating more on the worries than the relationship”: Intimate partnerships during COVID‐19 for immigrant women in New York City
Authors: Wurtz Heather M. , Samari Goleen
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study examines perceptions of change in intimate relationships among partnered, immigrant women in New York City during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We pay close attention to how structural oppression, particularly related to undocumented immigration status, shaped women's experiences with their intimate partners during a period of social upheaval.

Background

COVID‐19 has exacerbated many existing structural inequities and subsequent stressors that have been shown to have an adverse effect on intimate relationships, including increased economic instability and mental health distress. Immigrant women may be particularly vulnerable to relationship strain because of intersecting social and structural inequities.

Methods

We draw on in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews among a heterogenous sample of 22 women with varied legal status from Latin America, South and East Asia, and the Middle East.

Results

Findings reveal three primary pathways through which structural inequities shaped women's experiences with intimate partnership strain, including financial and material scarcity; uneven caregiving burdens; and constrained access to support in situations of violence and abuse.

Conclusion

Our analysis demonstrates ways that structural oppression, particularly driven by exclusionary immigration laws, influences intimate partner relationships through the legal status of immigrant women. Understanding how structural oppression shapes immigrant partnerships is essential for the field of family demography and for family‐serving professionals in referring clients to resources and services, as well as helping women explore sources of resilience and coping within their families and communities.
Fracture resistance, marginal and internal adaptation of innovative 3D‐printed graded structure crown using a 3D jet printing technology
Authors: Zandinejad Amirali , Zadeh Ramtin Sadid , Khanlar Leila Nasiry , Barmak Abdul Basir , Revilla‐León Marta
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This in vitro study aimed to create a graded structured dental crown using 3D printing technology and investigate the fracture resistance and the adaptation of this new design.

Materials and Methods

A dental crown with a uniform thickness of 1.5 mm was designed, and the exported stereolithography file (STL) was used to manufacture 30 crowns in three groups (n = 10), solid (SC), bilayer (BL), and multilayer (ML) crowns using  3D jet printing technology. Marginal and internal gaps were measured using the silicone replica technique. Crowns were then luted to a resin die using a temporary luting agent and the fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to compare the fracture resistance and the adaptation of crowns at a significance level of 0.05.

Results

Mean marginal and internal gap of the ML group were 80 and 82 mm, respectively; which were significantly (p < 0.05) smaller than BL (203 and 183 mm) and SC (318 and 221 mm) groups. The SC group showed the highest mean load at fracture (2330 N) which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the BL (1716 N) and ML (1516 N) groups.

Conclusion

3D jet printing technology provides an opportunity to manufacture crowns in a graded structure with various mechanical properties. This study provided an example of graded structured crowns and presented their fracture resistance. SC group had the highest fracture resistance; however, ML had the best marginal and internal adaptation.
Mother–adolescent communication and father–adolescent communication: Analyzing a 4‐week family intervention using multi‐informant data
Authors: Yang Vevette J. H. , Bergman Kathleen N. , Cummings E. Mark
Published: June 2024

Families manage daily conflict through communication and healthy family communication is critical to promoting better family relationships and youth adjustment. Community families without high‐risk factors, such as domestic dispute or clinical problems, are no less affected by the ramifications of poor communication and conflict management. However, there is limited translational research on community families analyzing the changes in parent–adolescent communication quality. This study aimed to test whether a brief 4‐week family conflict intervention improved openness and problems in mother–adolescent (MA) and father–adolescent (DA) communication and whether mothers, fathers, and adolescents experienced the intervention effects differently. A total of 225 community families with adolescents were randomly assigned to either a parent–adolescent treatment condition (PA: n = 75), parent‐only treatment condition (PO: n = 75), or control condition (n = 75). Mother, father, and adolescent reports on parent–adolescent communication were analyzed from pretest through a 3‐year follow‐up assessment, over five waves. ANCOVA results indicated significant intervention effects at posttest for mother‐reported openness in MA communication, youth‐reported openness in DA communication, and father‐reported problems in DA communication, for PA condition. No significant intervention effects were found for PO condition. Exploratory trajectory analysis revealed the necessity of testing both linear and nonlinear models to be able to best illustrate the 3‐year change trajectories of parent–adolescent communication quality. Resulting trajectories revealed interesting variations in longitudinal changes across three intervention conditions. The findings highlight the importance of involving fathers and adolescents in family intervention programs and the necessity of multi‐informant assessment to better clarify the interplay among different family members behind the intervention effects.
A review on protein utilization and its interactions with carbohydrate and lipid from a molecular perspective in aquaculture: An implication beyond growth
Authors: Desouky Hesham Eed , Sayed Nouran Mahmoud , Abasubong Kenneth Prudence , Zhang Ziping
Published: June 2024

The world's increasing need for protein faces challenges in aquaculture production. New applications and tools will need to be added at every stage of the manufacturing line to attain this expansion sustainably, safely, and effectively. Utilizing experimental methods to increase aquatic animal production has become more common as aquatic biotechnology has advanced. High‐throughput omics technologies have been introduced to address these issues, including transcriptomic, metabolomic, proteomic, and genomes. But it also faces many difficulties, like other food manufacturing industries. One of the best and most durable approaches to address these issues is probably to understand nutritional requirements and modify diet based on need. Molecular approaches are a subset of multiomics technology. Previously, most of the published work was devoted to the biochemical aspects of protein–lipid interactions in biological systems. In this review, we explore this idea and highlight various works that fall under the umbrella of nutrigenomics, with a particular emphasis on protein utilization and its interactions with carbohydrates and lipids.
The futuristic manifolds of REM sleep
Authors: Parrino Liborio , Rosenzweig Ivana
Published: June 2024

Since one of its first descriptions 70 years ago, rapid eye movement sleep has continually inspired and excited new generations of sleep researchers. Despite significant advancements in understanding its neurocircuitry, underlying mechanisms and microstates, many questions regarding its function, especially beyond the early neurodevelopment, remain unanswered. This opinion review delves into some of the unresolved issues in rapid eye movement sleep research, highlighting the ongoing need for comprehensive exploration in this fascinating field.