bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Evidence-Based Practice in the Transition to Telepractice: Case Study of a Complexity-Based Speech Sound Intervention
Authors: John Abby , Potapova Irina , Escobedo Alicia , Combiths Philip , Barlow Jessica , Pruitt-Lord Sonja
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are tasked with integrating the principles of evidence-based practice (EBP) to provide effective and efficient assessment and intervention services that best support clients and their families. As new research, technologies, and perspectives emerge, SLPs are required to adapt their clinical practices to meet these changes while maintaining high-quality evidence-based services. Through an illustrative case study, we aim to demonstrate the process of applying EBP principles—including research evidence, client and family perspectives, and clinical expertise—to a complexity-based speech sound intervention delivered via telepractice.

Conclusions:

Results of the case study suggest that utilizing the principles of EBP to transition an evidence-based complexity intervention to telepractice was successful. Additionally, the EBP framework provided opportunities for reflection and continued adaptation throughout the intervention. The process of applying an EBP framework to a quickly evolving clinical practice environment provides SLPs with essential tools that ensure their services meet the needs of the clients they serve.
Evaluation of color and stability of ethyl-linked anthocyanin-flavanol pigments in model wine solutions using combined chemical analysis and 3D molecular simulations
Authors: Zhao Jian , Guo Min , Wang Ruoyao , Li Lingxi , Sun Baoshan
Published: June 2023

Ethyl-linked anthocyanin-flavanol pigments are one of the most important condensation products formed during the red winemaking and ageing period. They have great contribution to the color characteristics and stability of aged red wines. In this study, the color characteristics and stability of ethyl-linked anthocyanin-flavanol pigments and their precursor anthocyanins were evaluated by combined spectrophotometry and 3D molecular simulations. In model wine solutions, the condensation reactions between three anthocyanins and (-)-epicatechin, mediated by acetaldehyde, were conducted to produce ethyl-linked anthocyanin-flavanol pigments. The color was assessed by the CIELab method, and the concentration changes were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. On the other hand, the stability of these pigmented compounds was also calculated by the three 3D molecular simulation methods, that is molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, and quantum chemistry simulation. The results obtained from CIELab analysis indicated that the formation of ethyl-linked anthocyanin-flavanol pigments resulted in a decrease of L*, a*, b* and C* values, and conversely, a rising of h* value. The 3D molecular simulations revealed that the stability of anthocyanins was as follows: Mv-3-O-glu > Pn-3-O-glu > Cy-3-O-glu. The cis or trans ethyl-linked anthocyanin-flavanol pigments were much more stable than their precursor anthocyanins. Among the pigments, ethyl-linked malvidin-3-O-glucoside-flavanol was more stable than ethyl-linked cyanidin-3-O-glucoside-flavanol and ethyl-linked peonidin-3-O-glucoside-flavanol.
Path tracking control of solar-powered UAV based on energy management strategy
Authors: GUO Lin , LIU Fei , LI Jiayu , HE Pei , LI Qingdong , WANG Jiwei , GUO Yangming
Published: June 2023

To coordinate the conflict between the high-altitude task and long-term energy efficiency of high-altitude long endurance solar UAV, it is one of the core issues of UAV control. A strategy combining the energy management with the route tracking is presented. Firstly, based on the three-dimensional particle motion model, energy storage battery model and solar energy acquisition model for the solar UAV, according to the aerodynamic parameters of the solar UAV and the typical horizontal flight, climb, descent and other motion processes of the solar UAV, the energy management strategy of the solar UAV is designed, and the allocation mechanism and optimal flight parameters of the energy acquisition, storage and consumption of the solar UAV in different flight stages are determined. The surplus solar energy is stored by using the gravitational potential energy, and then the energy management based on height adjustment is carried out to realize the longitudinal tracking control of the solar UAV under different lighting and energy conditions. Then based on the task requirements of the lateral movement of the solar UAV, a track tracking control method based on the feedback linearization method is established by decoupling the particle dynamics equation of the solar UAV, and the track tracking control of the solar UAV in the lateral direction is realized. Finally, a simulation throughout 24 hours is implemented and illustrated the effectiveness of the energy management strategy and route tracking control law.
Research status of the transition layer on laser cladding
Authors: Wei Runze , Ouyang Changyao , Wang Rui , Zhao Chunjiang , Li Huan , Deng Rui
Published: June 2023

Laser cladding technology is widely used in component repair and surface strengthening because of its advantages of various powder options and high processing efficiency. This paper outlines the application and research of transition layers in laser cladding and details the advantages of transition layers in terms of bonding performance, defect rate, and cladding thickness. Compared with conventional laser cladding, the composite process with the addition of transition layer has been further improved in terms of organization, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. In addition, the repair process of laser cladding to meet the cladding thickness of the parts and avoid the degradation of surface properties is also discussed.
Mit Schwarzkümmel gegen SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Vlachojannis Julia , Chrubasik-Hausmann Sigrun
Published: June 2023

Krebspatienten erkranken häufiger und schwerer an einer
SARS-CoV-2-Infektion. Schwarzkümmel und seine Leitsubstanz Thymochinon
wirken u.a. antiviral. Der Wirkungsmechanismus der antiviralen Wirkung gegen
SARS-CoV-2 ist weitgehend aufgeklärt. Beide stimulieren und modulieren
darüber hinaus auch die humorale und zelluläre Immunantwort. Die
Signalwege der COVID-19-Komplikationen werden gehemmt und so wird einer
pulmonalen Hypertonie und Lungenfibrose sowie einem Lungenödem und
akutem Lungenversagen vorgebeugt.

Fünf explorative Studien weisen auf eine Wirksamkeit bei der
COVID-19-Erkrankung hin. Die im Internet veröffentlichte Meta-Analyse
mit 10 Studien ist von inakzeptabler Qualität und erlaubt keine Angabe
zur Wirkgröße des Schwarzkümmels. Konfirmatorische
Studien müssen die Ergebnisse zur Wirksamkeit
überprüfen. Es wird vermutet, dass mit einer optimalen
Kombination verschiedener Pflanzenwirkstoffe die effektivste
Behandlungsstrategie gegen eine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion erzielt werden kann.

Eine Tagesdosis mit bis zu 50 mg Thymochinon kann ohne
Sicherheitsbedenken oral eingenommen werden. Eigene Untersuchungen zeigen, dass
kommerzielle Schwarzkümmelpräparate nur wenig Thymochinon
enthalten. Ein wirkstoffkontrolliertes Präparat ist Voraussetzung
für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung.
Die ICH Guideline E11A on Pediatric Extrapolation hat Step 2b
erreicht
Authors: Köhler Stephan , Kelber Olaf , Franken Andreas
Published: June 2023

Das International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) hatte 2022 Stufe 2b der
Guideline on Pediatric Extrapolation veröffentlicht und zur
Kommentierung freigegeben. Ihr Inhalt ergänzt die bereits bestehende
Guideline on Clinical Investigations in the Pediatric Population, die schon
früher den Weg für die Nutzung von Daten bei
Minderjährigen geebnet hat, die an Erwachsenen gewonnen wurden. Die neue
Leitlinie erweitert diesen Ansatz, indem neue Ideen und Methoden
hinzugefügt werden. Für Phytopharmaka kann dies besonders
nützlich sein, da die Nutzung von Real-World-Data, z. B. solche,
die aus Beobachtungsstudien gewonnen wurden, in Betracht gezogen werden.
Allerdings gibt es in der Leitlinie Einschränkungen in der Sichtweise,
die sehr stark mit dem Fokus auf chemisch definierte Arzneimittel entworfen zu
sein scheint. Die Gesellschaft für Phytotherapie (GPT) kommentierte
daher eingehend.
To TIPS or Not to TIPS in High Risk of Variceal Rebleeding and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Gu Wenyi , Kimmann Markus , Laleman Wim , Praktiknjo Michael , Trebicka Jonel
Published: June 2023

Variceal bleeding is a consequence of severe portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis. Although the rate of bleeding has decreased over time, variceal bleeding in the presence of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) carries a high risk of treatment failure and short-term mortality. Treatment and/or removal of precipitating events (mainly bacterial infection and alcoholic hepatitis) and decrease of portal pressure may improve outcome of patients with acute decompensation or ACLF. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPSs), especially in the preemptive situation, have been found to efficiently control bleeding, prevent rebleeding, and reduce short-term mortality. Therefore, TIPS placement should be considered as an option in the management of ACLF patients with variceal bleeding.
Concise Total Synthesis of Complanadine A Enabled by Pyrrole-to-Pyridine Molecular Editing
Authors: Martin Brandon S. , Ma Donghui , Dai Mingji , Saito Takeru , Gallagher Katelyn S.
Published: June 2023

The Lycopodium alkaloid complanadine A, isolated in 2000, is a complex and unsymmetrical dimer of lycodine. Biologically, it is a novel and promising lead compound for the development of new treatments for neurodegenerative disorders and persistent pain management. Herein, we report a concise synthesis of complanadine A using a pyrrole-to-pyridine molecular editing strategy. The use of a nucleophilic pyrrole as the precursor of the desired pyridine enabled an efficient and one-pot construction of the tetracyclic core skeleton of complanadine A and lycodine. The pyrrole group was converted into a 3-chloropyridine via Ciamician–Dennstedt one-carbon ring expansion. A subsequent C–H arylation between the 3-chloropyridine and a pyridine N-oxide formed the unsymmetrical dimer, which was then advanced to complanadine A. Overall, from a readily available known compound, the total synthesis of complanadine A was achieved in 11 steps. The pyrrole-to-pyridine molecular editing strategy enabled us to significantly enhance the overall synthetic efficiency. Additionally, as demonstrated by Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling, the 3-chloropyridine product from the Ciamician–Dennstedt rearrangement is amenable for further derivatization, offering an opportunity for simplified analogue synthesis.
p-TSA·H2O-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3-Diarylquinoline Derivatives via One-Pot Three-Component Reaction
Authors: Khan Abu Taleb , Faraz Simra
Published: June 2023

An environmentally benign synthesis of 2,3-diarylquinolines is reported via a one-pot three-component reaction from arylamines, benzaldehyde, and styrene oxide in the presence of 20 mol% p-TSA·H2O at 120 °C. This protocol does not require metal catalysts, additives, and extra oxidants. Mechanistic studies confirm the crucial role of p-TSA·H2O and the use of air as the sole oxidant makes this transformation very attractive. The salient feature of this protocol is easy handling, broad substrates scope, shorter reaction time, high atom economy, regioselectivity, and good yields; and the formation of one C–N and two C–C bonds takes place in a single step.
A Case of Malignant Melanotic Schwannoma of the Trigeminal Nerve: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Dandekar Anurag Chandrakant , Mehta Nirav A.
Published: June 2023

Intracranial melanotic schwannoma is quite rare, and involvement of the trigeminal nerve is even rarer. Early diagnosis and surgical excision are the mainstays of management. These tumors have a high tendency to recur and there is high possibility of metastasis. Adjuvant radiotherapy should be considered since the prognosis is uncertain. A 23-year-old man started developing numbness over the left side of the forehead 9 months ago that progressed to involve the ipsilateral cheek. The patient started having diplopia on looking to the left side 8 months ago. His relatives noticed a change in his voice 1 month ago and he developed weakness in the right upper and lower limbs, which was gradually progressive. The patient had slight difficulty swallowing. After examination, we found involvement of multiple cranial nerves with pyramidal signs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was suggestive of an extra-axial lesion in the left cerebellopontine angle extending into the middle cranial fossa, which was having high T1 and T2 signal loss with contrast enhancement. We achieved near-total excision of the tumor via a subtemporal extradural approach. Trigeminal melanotic schwannoma is a rare occurrence constituting melanin-producing cells and Schwann cells. Rapid progression of symptoms and signs should prompt the suspicion of the possible malignant nature of the pathology. Extradural skull base approaches reduce the risk of postoperative deficits. Differentiating melanotic schwannoma from malignant melanoma is of utmost importance in planning of management.
Isolated Cerebral Cyst Hydatid Removal with Dowling's Technique in a 6-Year-Old Pediatric Patient: Case Report
Authors: Senol Yigit Can , Ozkan Naime Dilara , Guresci Servet , Daglioglu Ergun , Belen Ahmet Deniz
Published: June 2023

Hydatid disease, caused by the Echinococcus parasite, is a worldwide zoonosis produced by the larval stage of the tapeworm. In urban living patients with cerebral abscesses, hydatid cysts should not be excluded from the differential diagnosis. We report an exceptional primary cerebral hydatid cyst in which imaging showed a large, round, contrast-enhancing lesion with a mass effect. The patient presented with a dull headache for over a year and progressively worsened left hemiparesis. The magnetic resonance imaging showed a huge intracranial mass, and the pathology was corrected with cyst hydatid. Surgery was performed via Dowling's technique, and the patient recovered without neurologic deficits. Echinococcosis should be considered a differential diagnosis for single or multiple cerebral abscesses, even in the absence of liver infections. The history of living in rural areas does not exclude cerebral hydatid cysts and Echinococcus.
Ipsilateral Visual Loss Caused by Optic Nerve Compression between a Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma and the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Hashikawa Ryunosuke , Fukuhara Noriaki , Yamaguchi-Okada Mitsuo , Nishioka Hiroshi
Published: June 2023

We report a rare case of ipsilateral visual loss caused by compression of the optic nerve between a tuberculum sellae meningioma (TSM) and the internal carotid artery (ICA). The patient was a 70-year-old female who presented with a 2-year history of left visual disturbance with a TSM on magnetic resonance imaging. No tumor infiltration to the optic canal was identified in the preoperative images. Extended endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery was performed and showed no infiltration to the optic canal. The tumor was removed completely, and optic nerve compression was found between the TSM and atherosclerotic ICA. This report shows an atypical case in which compression of the optic nerve between a TSM and the ICA caused ipsilateral visual loss despite no infiltration to the optic canal.
Ulnar Buttress Arthroplasty without Ulnar Stump Stabilization for Giant Cell Tumor of Distal Ulna
Authors: Kapoor Love , Kumar Venkatesan S. , Ansari Mohammed T. , Khan Shah A.
Published: June 2023

Purpose Reconstruction and stabilization of ulnar stump after distal ulna tumor resection is still a matter of debate. We present the outcomes of ulnar buttress arthroplasty without stabilization of the ulna stump in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) of the distal ulna.

Methods Evaluation of functional outcome was performed using Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 93 (MSTS93) score, Modified Mayo Wrist score (MMWS), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. We also assessed the hand grip strength, range of motion at the wrist, and ulnar carpal translation.

Results The study included 8 patients with Campanacci grade 3 GCTB of the distal ulna with a mean follow-up of 35.5 ± 9.1 months. The mean resection length was 7.7 ± 1.3 cm. The mean hand grip strength on the operated side was noted to be 90 ± 0.04% of the contralateral side. Mean MSTS93 score was 27.9 ± 1.25, mean MMWS was 86.9 ± 4.58%, and the mean DASH score was 4.9 ± 1.67, depicting a good to excellent functional outcome with low degree of disability. No radiocarpal instability, ulnar carpal translation, prominence, or instability of the proximal ulnar stump was noted in any patient.

Conclusion Reconstruction of the distal radioulnar joint using iliac crest bone graft for ulnar buttress without stabilization of the ulnar stump after resection of the distal ulna is an effective reconstruction option with good functional outcome and preservation of good hand grip strength.

Level of Evidence Level IV, Therapeutic study
Neutron time of flight (nToF) detectors for inertial fusion experiments
Authors: Moore A. S. , Schlossberg D. J. , Appelbe B. D. , Chandler G. A. , Crilly A. J. , Eckart M. J. , Forrest C. J. , Glebov V. Y. , Grim G. P. , Hartouni E. P. , Hatarik R. , Kerr S. M. , Kilkenny J. , Knauer J. P.
Published: June 2023

Neutrons generated in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments provide valuable information to interpret the conditions reached in the plasma. The neutron time-of-flight (nToF) technique is well suited for measuring the neutron energy spectrum due to the short time (100 ps) over which neutrons are typically emitted in ICF experiments. By locating detectors 10s of meters from the source, the neutron energy spectrum can be measured to high precision. We present a contextual review of the current state of the art in nToF detectors at ICF facilities in the United States, outlining the physics that can be measured, the detector technologies currently deployed and analysis techniques used.
Investigation and statistical analysis of electrical energy production from the wind farm
Authors: Alghamdi Mohammed I. , Candra Oriza , Sari Arif , Muda Iskandar , Ali Mujtaba Zuhair , Mohsen Karrar Shareef , Morovati Reza , Bagheri Behnam
Published: June 2023

Today, the use of wind energy by wind turbines has grown significantly, and this development is due to the production of required energy and tourism attraction of wind turbines. But according to the standard technologies used in this industry, the operating costs are very high. For this reason, before the construction of wind farms, potential measurements should be done along with economic analysis. Therefore, in this research, a statistical analysis of wind farms has been done. In the statistical analysis, Weibull and Rayleigh distribution functions were used to predict the wind speed of the studied area. MATLAB software is used to model prediction functions. Among the important results of wind speed prediction by the Weibull distribution function, it can be mentioned that the wind speed is variable between 0.6 and 7 m/s in the studied area. The total power density and wind energy in the 10 years are equivalent to 28 W/m2 and 810/0534 kWh/m2 at the height of 10 m calculated.
Investigation of Williamson nanofluid in a convectively heated peristaltic channel and magnetic field via method of moments
Authors: Alharbi Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. , Adnan  , Eldin Sayed M. , Akgul Ali
Published: June 2023

The study of Williamson nanofluid under peristaltic pumping is conducted in this work. The model equations are developed using the magnetic field and convection effects, and consequently, a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations is achieved. Then, the residual method based on a linearly independent set of functions known as method of moments is implemented and portrayed as the results under the parameters’ variations. The model results revealed that the peristaltic pumping can be controlled by increasing the values of Gr and Gc; however, the dual effects of the directed magnetic field on the movement of Williamson fluid are examined. The heat transfer augmentation is observed for a stronger Brinkman number and it is higher toward the channel walls. Similarly, the thermophoretic effect and Brownian motion of the particles highly affect the concentration of Williamson nanofluid.
Control of resistive switching type in BaTiO3 thin films grown by high and low laser fluence
Authors: Li Ang , Li Qinxuan , Jia Caihong , Zhang Weifeng
Published: June 2023

A ferroelectric memristor has attracted much attention due to convenient controlling by polarization switching, but the resistive switching has been attributed to the drift or charge trapping of defects. To distinguish the resistive switching mechanism between ferroelectric polarization switching and the normal resistive switching mechanism such as the drift or charge trapping of defects, BaTiO3 (BTO) thin films were grown on a (001) Nb:SrTiO3 single crystal substrate by pulsed laser deposition with high and low laser energy density. Based on a piezoelectric force microscope, ferroelectricity is found in BTO thin films grown at high laser energy density. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy further confirms the existence of defects in the BTO films grown at low laser energy density. The high energy sample with low density of defects exhibits a resistance hysteresis loop but little current hysteresis loop, while the low energy sample with high density of defects shows a significant resistance and current hysteresis loop simultaneously. These results provide a deep understanding about the resistive switching from ferroelectric polarization switching and the drift or charge trapping of defects.
The critical role of digital technology in sustainable development goals: A two-stage analysis of the spatial spillover effect of carbon intensity
Authors: Ji Zhengsen , Gao Tian , Li Wanying , Niu Dongxiao , Wu Gengqi , Peng Luyao , Zhu Yankai
Published: June 2023

In order to achieve sustainable development goals, China has further increased its goal of reducing carbon intensity and has made digitalization an important support for sustainable development. However, the impact of digitalization on carbon intensity reduction is still unclear. In this context, this paper first evaluates the digitalization level of 30 provincial regions in China and then constructs a spatial Durbin model for two stages, 2012–2015 and 2016–2019, so as to explore the spatial spillover effects of carbon intensity in different stages and the important roles of digital infrastructure and digital inputs in carbon intensity reduction. The main findings are as follows: (1) the current digitization level of each province in China is widely disparate, with the region showing a high level in the east and a low level in the west; (2) carbon intensity reduction has a significant spatial spillover effect, as shown by a 1% reduction in local carbon intensity and a 0.21% reduction in neighboring regions; and (3) digitalization has a more significant positive impact on the reduction in carbon intensity in stage 2. The research results are strong demonstration that digitalization drives sustainable development.
Intrinsic evolution of the decoupling and coupling of the plasma density and temperature in a cylindrical laboratory plasma device
Authors: Wang C. Y. , Xiao W. W. , Ren Y. , Diamond P. H. , Peng X. B. , Ma J. T. , Zhong W. J.
Published: June 2023

An intrinsic evolution in the decoupling–coupling–decoupling (DCD) of the electron density and temperature responding to the magnetic field change is observed in a cylindrical laboratory plasma device. Experimental results show that the density and the temperature decouple in the low magnetic field, couple with higher magnetic field, and decouple again with a continuous magnetic field increase. An element physical picture of the DCD regime is unraveled based on the analyses of gradient lengths, the turbulence propagation directions, the turbulence spatial scales, and the relationship between the normalized collision rates and the poloidal mode numbers.
Systematic investigation of wear-induced cold welding in ultrahigh vacuum piezoelectric motors with non-metallic coatings
Authors: Ahn Taemin , Song Sungmin , Ham Ungdon , Kim Tae-Hwan
Published: June 2023

Piezoelectric motors are widely used in various applications where both precision positioning and miniaturization are required. Inertial or quasi-static motors are commonly employed because of their high accuracy, which demands consistent sliding friction between moving sliders and their static counterparts for reliable operation. In general, slider wear is unavoidable after long-term use. This wear can often lead to more serious cold welding in vacuum, which is also referred to as friction welding induced by direct contact between similar metal surfaces. Non-metallic coatings can prevent such unwanted cold welding in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) applications. However, the practical reliability of available coatings under UHV conditions still remains to be elucidated. Here, we systematically investigate the practical reliability of commonly used, UHV-compatible lubricant coatings for piezoelectric motors in vacuum. We demonstrate that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) shows the most reliable long-term operation in vacuum, while other coatings eventually lead to wear-induced cold welding and motor failure. Our findings provide a simple and effective method to improve the long-term performance of UHV piezoelectric motors by coating the slider surface with PTFE.
The role of conventional and unconventional adaptive routes in lowering of intraocular pressure: Theoretical model and simulation
Authors: Sacco Riccardo , Chiaravalli Greta , Antman Gal , Guidoboni Giovanna , Verticchio Alice , Siesky Brent , Harris Alon
Published: June 2023

In this article, we propose a theoretical model leveraging the analogy between fluid and electric variables to investigate the relation among aqueous humor (AH) circulation and drainage and intraocular pressure (IOP), the principal established risk factor of severe neuropathologies of the optic nerve such as glaucoma. IOP is the steady-state result of the balance among AH secretion (AHs), circulation (AHc), and drainage (AHd). AHs are modeled as a given volumetric flow rate electrically corresponding to an input current source. AHc is modeled by the series of two linear hydraulic conductances (HCs) representing the posterior and anterior chambers. AHd is modeled by the parallel of three HCs: a linear HC for the conventional adaptive route (ConvAR), a nonlinear HC for the hydraulic component of the unconventional adaptive route (UncAR), and a nonlinear HC for the drug-dependent component of the UncAR. The proposed model is implemented in a computational virtual laboratory to study the value attained by the IOP under physiological and pathological conditions. Simulation results (i) confirm the conjecture that the UncAR acts as a relief valve under pathological conditions, (ii) indicate that the drug-dependent AR is the major opponent to IOP increase in the case of elevated trabecular meshwork resistance, and (iii) support the use of the model as a quantitative tool to complement in vivo studies and help design and optimize medications for ocular diseases.
Geometric phase in coupled cluster theory
Authors: Williams David M. G. , Kjønstad Eirik F. , Martínez Todd J.
Published: June 2023

It has been well-established that the topography around conical intersections between excited electronic states is incorrectly described by coupled cluster and many other single reference theories (the intersections are “defective”). Despite this, we show both analytically and numerically that the geometric phase effect (GPE) is correctly reproduced upon traversing a path around a defective excited-state conical intersection (CI) in coupled cluster theory. The theoretical analysis is carried out by using a non-Hermitian generalization of the linear vibronic coupling approach. Interestingly, the approach qualitatively explains the characteristic (incorrect) shape of the defective CIs and CI seams. Moreover, the validity of the approach and the presence of the GPE indicate that defective CIs are local (and not global) artifacts. This implies that a sufficiently accurate coupled cluster method could predict nuclear dynamics, including geometric phase effects, as long as the nuclear wavepacket never gets too close to the conical intersections.
Anionic surfactant solutions under shear using dissipative particle dynamics
Authors: Hendrikse Rachel , Bayly Andrew , Jimack Peter
Published: June 2023

We present a dissipative particle dynamics study of surfactant solutions under shear, which allows us to investigate their rheological properties. We consider a variety of concentrations and phase structures, including micellar solutions and liquid crystal phases. It is shown that the viscosity of micellar solutions increases as a function of concentration, in agreement with what is expected from experimental data. We also show that micelles can exhibit shear-thinning behavior when a shear force is applied, which is a result of micelles breaking down into smaller aggregates. Lamellar and hexagonal phases are found to orientate under the application of shear, in agreement with experimental observations. It is normally suggested that lamellar phases under shear can exhibit a transition between orientations as the shear rate is increased, usually as a result of lower viscosity. We calculate the viscosity for different lamellar phase orientations, showing that, although the viscosity of perpendicular orientations is lower than that of parallel orientations, we do not observe a transition to the perpendicular phase at high shear rates. Finally, we show that the choice of Schmidt number has a significant impact on the results, which is important for determining the correct behavior via simulations.
Fast and accurate flow measurement through dual-camera light field particle image velocimetry and ordered-subset algorithm
Authors: Hossain Md. Moinul , Khoo Boo Cheong
Published: June 2023

Light field particle image velocimetry (LF-PIV) can measure the three-dimensional (3D) flow field via a single perspective and hence is very attractive for applications with limited optical access. However, the flow velocity measurement via single-camera LF-PIV shows poor accuracy in the depth direction due to the particle reconstruction elongation effect. This study proposes a solution based on a dual-camera LF-PIV system along with an ordered-subset simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (OS-SART). The proposed system improves the spatial resolution in the depth direction and reduces the reconstruction elongation. The OS-SART also reduces the computational time brought by the dual-camera LF-PIV. Numerical reconstructions of the particle fields and Gaussian ring vortex field are first performed to evaluate the reconstruction accuracy and efficiency of the proposed system. Experiments on a circular jet flow are conducted to further validate the velocity measurement accuracy. Results indicate that the particle reconstruction elongation is reduced more than 10 times compared to the single-camera LF-PIV and the reconstruction efficiency is improved at least twice compared to the conventional SART. The accuracy is improved significantly for the ring vortex and 3D jet flow fields compared to the single-camera system. It is therefore demonstrated that the proposed system is capable of measuring the 3D flow field fast and accurately.
The role of carbon and C-H neutralization in MOCVD β-Ga2O3 using TMGa as precursor
Authors: Meng Lingyu , Bhuiyan A F M Anhar Uddin , Zhao Hongping
Published: June 2023

In this Letter, the role of background carbon in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) β-Ga2O3 growth using trimethylgallium (TMGa) as the Ga precursor was investigated. The quantitative C and H incorporations in MOCVD β-Ga2O3 thin films grown at different growth rates and temperatures were measured via quantitative secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The SIMS results revealed both [C] and [H] increase as the TMGa molar flow rate/growth rate increases or growth temperature decreases. The intentional Si incorporation in MOCVD β-Ga2O3 thin films decreases as the growth rate increases or the growth temperature decreases. For films grown at relatively fast growth rates (GRs) (TMGa > 58 μmol/min, GR > 2.8 μm/h) or relatively low temperature (<950 °C), the [C] increases faster than that of the [H]. The experimental results from this study demonstrate the previously predicted theory—H can effectively passivate the compensation effect of C in n-type β-Ga2O3. The extracted net doping concentration from quantitative SIMS {[Si]-([C]-[H])} agrees well with the free carrier concentration measured from Hall measurement. The revealing of the role of C compensation in MOCVD β-Ga2O3 and the effect of H incorporation will provide guidance on designing material synthesis for targeted device applications.
Physics of drying complex fluid drop: Flow field, pattern formation, and desiccation cracks
Authors: Mondal Ranajit , Lama Hisay , Sahu Kirti Chandra
Published: June 2023

Drying complex fluids is a common phenomenon where a liquid phase transforms into a dense or porous solid. This transformation involves several physical processes, such as the diffusion of liquid molecules into the surrounding atmosphere and the movement of dispersed phases through evaporation-driven flow. As a result, the solute forming a dried deposit exhibits unique patterns and often displays structural defects like desiccation cracks, buckling, or wrinkling. Various drying configurations have been utilized to study the drying of colloids, the process of their consolidation, and fluid-flow dynamics. This review focuses on the drying of colloids and the related phenomena, specifically the drying-induced effects observed during sessile drop drying. We first present a theoretical overview of the physics of drying pure and binary liquid droplets, followed by drying colloidal droplets. Then, we explain the phenomena of pattern formation and desiccation cracks. Additionally, the article briefly describes the impact of evaporation-driven flows on the accumulation of particles and various physical parameters that influence deposit patterns and cracks.
A comparative study of superconductivity at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 and BaTiO3/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces
Authors: Yan Qiaohong , Gao Haobin , Peng Wei , Zhu Xiaohong
Published: June 2023

Lead-free BaTiO3 (BTO) film was fabricated by pulsed laser deposition on LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) heterostructure in oxygen pressure of 2 × 10−3 Pa, which is experimentally required for ensuring the two-dimensional electron gas at LAO/STO heterointerface. Modulation of back-gate voltage on the superconductivity of LAO/STO and BTO/LAO/STO heterointerfaces was studied. The results indicate that the back-gate voltage can adjust the resistance at high temperatures around 300 mK, while it does not modulate the superconducting transition temperature of LAO/STO, which occurs at 160 mK. As for BTO/LAO/STO, it still shows a superconducting transition-like behavior at 110 mK. However, when a negative back-gate voltage is applied, the superconducting transition-like behavior disappears, and after removing the voltage, unlike what was observed for LAO/STO, the superconductivity cannot be recovered. Given this, some underlying mechanisms are proposed.
New topological rainbow trapping approach for phononic beam-foundation systems
Authors: Wang Guifeng , Guan Yanhong , Chen Zhenyu , Xu Xinsheng , Zhou Zhenhuan , Lim C W
Published: June 2023

Rainbow trapping is of great significance for frequency-based wave splitting and broadband wave attenuation. By recognizing the deficiency of prevailing gradient rainbow reflection devices in terms of energy concentration and broadband vibration isolation, we design a new topological rainbow trapping device by introducing a topological protected interface mode (TPIM) into the prevailing gradient rainbow device. Therefore, a topological rainbow trapping beam composed of a homogenous beam rested on an alternate and gradient foundation is constructed. Using theoretical and numerical analysis, we perform a unit-cell band structure analysis. The dependence of bandgap region and group velocity on the reference foundation stiffness is investigated. With the help of the topological phase transition and Zak phase analysis, we successfully predict and demonstrate TPIM. A quantitative evaluation of the advancement of topological rainbow devices upon the prevailing gradient device in vibration amplification and broadband wave attenuation is also presented. We believe that the robust one-dimensional topological rainbow trapping beam will be useful in many applications, such as energy harvesting, wave splitting, and vibration control.
Correlation between energy band transition and optical absorption spectrum in bilayer armchair graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Nguyen Lam-Thuy-Duong , Ngo Van-Chinh , Thai Thanh-Lap , Phan Dang-Thao-Nguyen , Nguyen Thi-Anh-Dao , Tran Van-Truong , Vu Thanh-Tra , Phan Thi-Kim-Loan
Published: June 2023

In this work, we investigate the intrinsic as well as modulated optical properties of the AB-stacking bilayer armchair graphene ribbons in the absence and presence of external electric fields. Single-layer ribbons are also considered for comparison. By using a tight-binding model in combination with the gradient approximation, we examine the energy bands, the density of states and the absorption spectra of the studied structures. Our results demonstrate that when external fields are not present, the low-frequency optical absorption spectra display numerous peaks and they vanish at the zero point. In addition, the number, the position, and the intensity of the absorption peaks are strongly associated with the ribbon width. With the wider ribbon width, more absorption peaks are present and a lower threshold absorption frequency is observed. Interestingly, in the presence of electric fields, bilayer armchair ribbons exhibit a lower threshold absorption frequency, more absorption peaks, and weaker spectral intensity. When increasing the strength of the electric field, the prominent peaks of the edge-dependent selection rules are lowered, and the sub-peaks satisfying the extra selection rules come to exist. The obtained results certainly provide a more comprehensive understanding of the correlation between the energy band transition and the optical absorption, in both single-layer and bilayer graphene armchair ribbons, and could provide new insights into developments of optoelectronic device applications based on graphene bilayer ribbons.
On the 1-prevalent continuous functions on compact sets and dimensions
Authors: Liu Jia , Tan Bo , Wu Jun
Published: June 2023

Let

K
⊆

R

be a non-empty compact set, and denote by C(K) the family of all real valued continuous functions on K. The main goal of this paper is to consider the generic properties of continuous functions in C(K) in terms of upper box dimension and packing dimension in the sense of prevalence. Precisely, we show that, the function

Δ
:
C
(
K
)
→
ℝ
,
Δ
(
f
)
=
dim
(

G
f

)
,

where dim denotes the upper box dimension or packing dimension, satisfies the intertwining condition, i.e. for all

f
,
g
∈
C
(
K
)

and Lebesgue almost all

t
∈

R

, we have

Δ
(
f
+
t
g
)
⩾
Δ
(
g
)

. This yields that a 1-prevalent continuous function

f
∈
C
(
K
)

satisfies

dim

‾

B

(

G
f

)
=

sup

g
∈
C
(
K
)

dim

‾

B

(

G
g

)

which partially answers a question of Balka (2016 J. Fractal Geom.
3 407–28). In particular, if K is an uncountable compact set with at most finitely many isolated points then the upper box dimension of the graph of a 1-prevalent

f
∈
C
(
K
)

is

dim

‾

B

(
K
)
+
1

. This result with 1-prevalent replaced by prevalent is due to Balka (2016 J. Fractal Geom.
3 407–28) and complements a result of Gruslys et al (2012 Monatsh. Math.
166 153–80) under the restriction that K satisfies some connected condition. Under the condition that there exists a compact subset

F
⊂
K

such that

dim

P

(
F
∩
I
)
=

dim

P

(
K
)

for any open interval with

F
∩
I
≠
∅

, we show that a 1-prevalent continuous function

f
∈
C
(
K
)

satisfies

dim

P

(

G
f

)
=

dim

P

(
K
)
+
1.
Levitation force approximation of YBCO hybrid superconductors using critical-state theory and partitioning method
Authors: Liu Xiaoning , Ke Zhihao , Zheng Jun , Deng Zigang
Published: June 2023

Introducing the second-generation coated conductor tapes (2G tapes) can enhance the performance of yttrium-barium-copper-oxide bulk superconductors (SCs) in terms of force, damping, and shape diversity. In this study, we investigate a hybrid SC that utilizes 2G tapes wrapped around the pivotal bulk component to achieve performance improvements. We also present a straightforward method, based on critical-state theory, to approximate the levitation force of this hybrid SC. This method characterizes the stack of tapes as an equivalent bulk with higher anisotropy and applies a fitting Kim model as an integrated expression of J

c

(H) and J

c

anisotropy. The partitioning method divides the SC into several isolated elements where the external field is approximately uniform within each sub-volume. Comparisons of calculated results with experiments indicate that this method can predict levitation properties with reasonable accuracy in just a few seconds. Furthermore, we propose two geometries of hybrid SC, namely, width-hybrid, and height-hybrid SC, for practical applications. Among them, the width-hybrid form exhibits higher efficiency in levitation. Our findings highlight the importance of applying the coated conductor stack when the magnetic field orientation is perpendicular to the a–b planes.
Fabrication of high-quality joints between Gd–Ba–Cu–O bulk superconductors
Authors: Tutt N , Congreve J , Shi Y , Namburi D , Dennis A , Druiff H , Durrell J
Published: June 2023

This work reports a technique for fabricating superconducting joints between GdBCO-Ag bulk superconductors, using YBCO-Ag as an intermediate joining material. The ability to provide reliable joints between multiple bulk superconductors overcomes many of the challenges of fabricating large superconductors or machining hard and brittle bulk superconductors into practical shapes. We report on nine single grains of GdBCO-Ag which have been joined with a YBCO-Ag intermediate. Samples were cut and joined in a variety of c-plane orientations to refine and understand the effect this had on the superconducting properties of jointed samples. The trapped field of pre-jointed and jointed bulk superconductors were compared; the maximum trapped field achieved was 59% of the pre-jointed sample. Further analysis showed that the critical temperature and critical current of the samples were degraded by the jointing process. Microstructural and chemical analysis showed that the jointing process facilitated diffusion of silver towards the joint and in some cases large pores were formed at the joint interface. These factors consequently inhibited current flow across the joint and thus reduced the maximum trapped field achievable when compared to the original unjointed sample.
Structure and material study of dielectric laser accelerators based on the inverse Cherenkov effect
Authors: Sun 孙 Bin 斌 , He 何 Yang-Fan 阳帆 , Luo 罗 Ruo-Yun 若云 , Zhang 章 Tai-Yang 太阳 , Zhou 周 Qiang 强 , Wang 王 Shao-Yi 少义 , Wang 王 Du 度 , Zhao 赵 Zong-Qing 宗清
Published: June 2023

Dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs) are considered promising candidates for on-chip particle accelerators that can achieve high acceleration gradients. This study explores various combinations of dielectric materials and accelerated structures based on the inverse Cherenkov effect. The designs utilize conventional processing methods and laser parameters currently in use. We optimize the structural model to enhance the gradient of acceleration and the electron energy gain. To achieve higher acceleration gradients and energy gains, the selection of materials and structures should be based on the initial electron energy. Furthermore, we observed that the variation of the acceleration gradient of the material is different at different initial electron energies. These findings suggest that on-chip accelerators are feasible with the help of these structures and materials.
Nonlinear Variability Observed with Insight-HXMT in MAXI J1820+070 and MAXI J1535-571
Authors: Ding Qi , Ji Long , Bu Qing-Cui , Dong Tiekuang , Chang Jin
Published: June 2023

We present the timing analysis of the nonlinear variability in two black hole low mass X-ray binaries MAXI J1820+070 and MAXI J1535-571 by using the bicoherence, a measure of phase coupling at different Fourier frequencies. We found different patterns, e.g., “cross” and “hypotenuse,” for LFQPOs in different outburst states. When they can be clearly distinguished, bicoherence patterns are similar over a wide energy range of 1–100 keV. It is intriguing that in some type-C QPOs we found the patterns that are normally observed in type-B QPOs. On the contrary, the “hypotenuse” pattern, a characteristic of type-C QPOs, was detected in a type-B QPO. This suggests that different types of QPOs may originate from similar underlying mechanisms. In addition, we speculate that the nonlinear variability may be a promising approach to disentangle distinct QPO models which assume different interactions between the broadband noise and QPO components.
The investigation of the neutronic responses of components in the K-DEMO
Authors: Kim Byung Chul
Published: June 2023

The neutronic response of consisting materials of the Korean fusion DEMOnstration reactor (K-DEMO) in its fusion neutron environment is a crucial consideration factor from the conceptual design stage of the K-DEMO. Especially in the design of in-vessel components (IVCs) of the K-DEMO that are placed in the most extreme neutron irradiation field, neutronic damage of constituent components is a major limiting factor that determines the lifetime of IVCs. From the analysis of the neutronic response of IVCs of the K-DEMO, the neutron wall loading (NWL) related to the tritium breeding ratio and nuclear heating of IVCs can be quantified to assess the self-sufficient supply of tritium, and thermal energy transferred from fusion neutrons, respectively. The calculated NWL shows that the harmonizing design of the cooling configuration of each blanket segment with the corresponding NWL is critical thermos-hydraulic design issue for the efficient utilization of thermal energy in the blanket. Another finding is that the double null magnetic field configuration and related blanket configuration with a water-cooled pebble bed of the K-DEMO make a self-sufficient tritium supply challenging. The implicated lifetime of the first plasma-facing tungsten wall of the K-DEMO is around 2 full power years (FPY) in the severely neutron-irradiated region. For the reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel layers in the blanket, the lifetime of it is estimated around 4 FPY in the inboard region. Based on the response analysis results of this study, optimization of the design of the K-DEMO will continue iteratively in the future.