bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Ultrasound-Based Investigation of Central vs. Peripheral Arterial Changes Consequent to Low-Dose Caffeine Ingestion
Authors: Jin Yu-Bin , Kim Jeong-Hyeon , Song Chae-Hyeon , Park Chansol , Kang Chang-Ki
Published: January 2024

Caffeine is present in various foods and medicines and is highly accessible through various routes, regardless of age. However, most studies on caffeine have focused on the effects of high-dose caffeine ingestion based on the recommended daily amount for adults. In this study, we examined the physiological changes in the central and peripheral vessels that may occur when ingesting low-dose caffeine due to its high accessibility, with the aim of creating an environment of safe caffeine ingestion. This study included 26 healthy participants in their 20s. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), heart rate (HR), and pulse wave velocity (PWV) for vascular stiffness assessment were measured at 0, 30, and 60 min after caffeine ingestion using diagnostic ultrasound to determine the physiological changes in the blood vessels, common carotid artery (CCA) and radial artery (RA). In addition, percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2), blood pressure (BP), and accelerated photoplethysmography (APG) were measured. In comparison with before ingestion, the HR tended to decrease and showed a significant difference at 30 and 60 min (p = 0.014 and p = 0.031, respectively). PSV significantly decreased in both vessels at 30 and 60 min (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). APG showed a decreasing trend until 60 min after ingestion, with a significant difference at 30 and 60 min (p = 0.003 and p = 0.012, respectively). No significant difference was observed in SpO2, BP, or PWV; however, they showed a tendency to increase after ingestion. Decreased HR may occur because of the baroreflex caused by an increase in BP. The RA has many branches and a smaller diameter; therefore, the PSV was lower in the RA than that in the CCA. This effect can occur because of the difficulty in the smooth expansion of blood vessels, which leads to a decrease in blood flow. In addition, an increase in intracellular calcium concentration can prevent vasodilation and increase the propagation velocity of pulse waves. The reflected waves can increase systolic blood pressure but reduce PWV and vascular elasticity. These results suggest that even low-dose caffeine can improve blood vessel health by providing temporary stimulation to the blood vessels; however, it can also cause changes in blood flow and blood vessel elasticity, which can lead to serious diseases such as stroke and high blood pressure. Therefore, caution should be exercised when caffeine consumption is indiscriminate.
Protein Restriction in Metabolic Health: Lessons from Rodent Models
Authors: Na Khuhee , Park Yoon Jung
Published: January 2024

Consumption of protein-rich diets and supplements has been increasingly advocated by individuals seeking to optimize metabolic health and mitigate the effects of aging. Protein intake is postulated to support muscle mass retention and enhance longevity, underscoring its perceived benefits in age-related metabolic regulation. However, emerging evidence presents a paradox; while moderate protein consumption contributes to health maintenance, an excessive intake is associated with an elevated risk of chronic diseases, notably obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that reducing the ratio of protein intake to macronutrients improves metabolic parameters and extends lifespan. The aim of this study is to review the current evidence concerning the metabolic effects of protein-restricted diets and their potential mechanisms. Utilizing rodent models, investigations have revealed that protein-restricted diets exert a notable influence over food intake and energy consumption, ultimately leading to body weight loss, depending on the degree of dietary protein restriction. These phenotypic alterations are primarily mediated by the FGF21 signaling pathway, whose activation is likely regulated by ATF4 and the circadian clock. The evidence suggests that protein-restricted diets as an alternative approach to calorie-restricted regimes, particularly in overweight or obese adults. However, more research is needed to determine the optimal level of restriction, duration, and long-term effects of such interventions.
Glycemic Response in Nonhuman Primates Fed Gluten-Free Rice Cakes Enriched with Soy, Pea, or Rice Protein and Its Correlation with Nutrient Composition
Authors: Yang Yong , Liu Qingsu , Yue Feng
Published: January 2024

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic disease caused by the consumption of gluten foods and is closely related to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Adherence to a gluten-free (GF) diet is the cornerstone of treating CD, and certain plant proteins added to GF foods affect blood glucose to varying degrees. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the changes in glycemic index (GI) and incremental area under the postprandial glucose tolerance curve (IAUC) of various foods through consumption of GF foods supplemented with certain plant proteins in non-human primates. The test foods were GF rice cakes with 5%, 10%, and 15% added single plant proteins (rice protein, soy protein, and pea protein) mixed with rice flour, as well as 5%, 10%, and 15% gluten rice cakes, and rice flour alone, for a total of 13 food items, and 12 healthy cynomolgus monkeys were examined for their glucose levels in the blood after fasting and after eating each test food (50 g) for 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after fasting and eating each test food. Fingertip blood glucose levels were measured, and the nutrient content of each food, including protein, fat, starch, ash, and amino acids, was examined. All foods tested had a low GI (<50) when analyzed using one-way ANOVA and nonparametric tests. Postprandial IAUC was significantly lower (p < 0.05) for GF rice cakes with 15% pea protein (499.81 ± 34.46) compared to GF rice cakes with 5% pea protein (542.19 ± 38.78), 15% soy protein (572.94 ± 72.74), and 15% rice protein (530.50 ± 14.65), and GF rice cakes with 15% wheat bran protein (533.19 ± 34.89). A multiple regression analysis showed that glycine was negatively associated with IAUC in GF rice cakes with 5%, 10%, and 15% pea protein added (p = 0.0031 < 0.01). Fat was negatively correlated with IAUC in GF rice cakes supplemented with 5%, 10%, and 15% soy protein (p = 0.0024 < 0.01). In this study, GF rice cakes made with added pea protein were superior to other gluten and GF rice cakes and had a small effect on postprandial glucose.
Conceptualizing an Integrative Multiple Myeloma Care: The Role of Nutrition, Supplements, and Complementary Modalities
Authors: Andreazzoli Francesca , Levy Yurkovski Ilana , Ben-Arye Eran , Bonucci Massimo
Published: January 2024

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent hematologic malignancy, and its incidence has been increasing enormously in recent years. The prognosis of MM has changed radically with the introduction of new drugs that have improved life expectancy; recurrences are a common occurrence during the course of the disease and are characterized by an increase in refractory to treatment. Moreover, MM patients are challenged by quality of life-related concerns while limited conventional therapy may be offered. This includes bone pain and dialysis due to the complications of acute renal failure. We, therefore, believe that it is very important to add new treatment modalities, including supplements, nutritional modifications, acupuncture, and mind–body therapies, with the goal of improving treatment tolerance, effectiveness, and patients’ quality of life. Moreover, many patients use some of these supplements on their own, in the hope of reducing the side effects, so it is even more important to know their action and potential. The purpose of this review is to illustrate all these strategies potentially available to enrich our approach to this, to date, incurable disease.
PBPK Modeling Approach to Predict the Behavior of Drugs Cleared by Metabolism in Pregnant Subjects and Fetuses
Authors: Le Merdy Maxime , Szeto Ke Xu , Perrier Jeremy , Bolger Michael B. , Lukacova Viera
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that simulates metabolically cleared compounds’ pharmacokinetics (PK) in pregnant subjects and fetuses. This model accounts for the differences in tissue sizes, blood flow rates, enzyme expression levels, plasma protein binding, and other physiological factors affecting the drugs’ PK in both the pregnant woman and the fetus. The PBPKPlus™ module in GastroPlus® was used to model the PK of metoprolol, midazolam, and metronidazole for both non-pregnant and pregnant groups. For each of the three compounds, the model was first developed and validated against PK data in healthy non-pregnant volunteers and then applied to predict the PK in the pregnant groups. The model accurately described the PK in both the non-pregnant and pregnant groups and explained well the differences in the plasma concentration due to pregnancy. When available, the fetal plasma concentration, placenta, and fetal tissue concentrations were also predicted reasonably well at different stages of pregnancy. The work described the use of a PBPK approach for drug development and demonstrates the ability to predict differences in PK in pregnant subjects and fetal exposure for metabolically cleared compounds.
Towards More Precise Targeting of Inhaled Aerosols to Different Areas of the Respiratory System
Authors: Sosnowski Tomasz R.
Published: January 2024

Pharmaceutical aerosols play a key role in the treatment of lung disorders, but also systemic diseases, due to their ability to target specific areas of the respiratory system (RS). This article focuses on identifying and clarifying the influence of various factors involved in the generation of aerosol micro- and nanoparticles on their regional distribution and deposition in the RS. Attention is given to the importance of process parameters during the aerosolization of liquids or powders and the role of aerosol flow dynamics in the RS. The interaction of deposited particles with the fluid environment of the lung is also pointed out as an important step in the mass transfer of the drug to the RS surface. The analysis presented highlights the technical aspects of preparing the precursors to ensure that the properties of the aerosol are suitable for a given therapeutic target. Through an analysis of existing technical limitations, selected strategies aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of targeted aerosol delivery to the RS have been identified and presented. These strategies also include the use of smart inhaling devices and systems with built-in AI algorithms.
Vox Populi, Vox ChatGPT: Large Language Models, Education and Democracy
Authors: Zuber Niina , Gogoll Jan
Published: January 2024

In the era of generative AI and specifically large language models (LLMs), exemplified by ChatGPT, the intersection of artificial intelligence and human reasoning has become a focal point of global attention. Unlike conventional search engines, LLMs go beyond mere information retrieval, entering into the realm of discourse culture. Their outputs mimic well-considered, independent opinions or statements of facts, presenting a pretense of wisdom. This paper explores the potential transformative impact of LLMs on democratic societies. It delves into the concerns regarding the difficulty in distinguishing ChatGPT-generated texts from human output. The discussion emphasizes the essence of authorship, rooted in the unique human capacity for reason—a quality indispensable for democratic discourse and successful collaboration within free societies. Highlighting the potential threats to democracy, this paper presents three arguments: the Substitution argument, the Authenticity argument, and the Facts argument. These arguments highlight the potential risks that are associated with an overreliance on LLMs. The central thesis posits that widespread deployment of LLMs may adversely affect the fabric of a democracy if not comprehended and addressed proactively and properly. In proposing a solution, we advocate for an emphasis on education as a means to mitigate risks. We suggest cultivating thinking skills in children, fostering coherent thought formulation, and distinguishing between machine-generated output and genuine, i.e., human, reasoning. The focus should be on the responsible development and usage of LLMs, with the goal of augmenting human capacities in thinking, deliberating and decision-making rather than substituting them.
One-Step Fast Fabrication of Electrospun Fiber Membranes for Efficient Particulate Matter Removal
Authors: Liu Huanliang , Lai Wenqing , Shi Yue , Tian Lei , Li Kang , Bian Liping , Xi Zhuge , Lin Bencheng
Published: January 2024

Rapid social and industrial development has resulted in an increasing demand for fossil fuel energy, which increases particulate matter (PM) pollution. In this study, we employed a simple one-step electrospinning technique to fabricate polysulfone (PSF) fiber membranes for PM filtration. A 0.3 g/mL polymer solution with an N,N-dimethylformamide:tetrahydrofuran volume ratio of 3:1 yielded uniform and bead-free PSF fibers with a diameter of approximately 1.17 μm. The PSF fiber membrane exhibited excellent hydrophobicity and mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 1.14 MPa and an elongation at break of 116.6%. Finally, the PM filtration performance of the PSF fiber membrane was evaluated. The filtration efficiencies of the membrane for PM2.5 and PM1.0 were approximately 99.6% and 99.2%, respectively. The pressure drops were 65.0 and 65.2 Pa, which were significantly lower than those of commercial air filters. Using this technique, PSF fiber membrane filters can be easily fabricated over a large area, which is promising for numerous air filtration systems.
A Simulation Study of an Electro-Hydraulic Load-Sensitive Variable Pressure Margin Diverter Synchronous Drive System with Time-Varying Load Resistance
Authors: Du Wei , Luo Yu , Luo Yanlei , Mu Hongyun
Published: January 2024

This study aims to address the problem of poor synchronous accuracy when facing a time-varying load in conventional load-sensitive synchronous drive systems. The new electro-hydraulic load-sensitive (EHLS) diverter synchronous drive system was proposed by combining the diverter valve and the EHLS synchronous drive system. The variable pressure margin compensation control was proposed to further improve the system’s synchronous control performance. Based on the system control strategy and component mathematical model, the simulation models of the EHLS, EHLS synchronous, and EHLS diverter synchronous drive systems were established using AMESim, respectively, and the synchronous control performance of the systems was obtained. The simulation results show that the EHLS drive system realized the primary functions of the load-sensitive system and could realize the variable load-sensitive pressure margin control. The EHLS synchronous drive system had poor synchronous control accuracy, but variable pressure compensation valve pressure margin control could be realized. The EHLS diverter synchronous drive system effectively improved the system’s synchronous control performance and diverter synchronous accuracy by variable pressure margin compensation control. The diverter system diverter error was reduced by 40.8%, and the diverter system after the compensation diverter error was reduced by 52.6% when the multi-way valves were fully opening. The system provides the solution for high-performance hydraulic synchronous drives under severe operating conditions.
A Novel Nonlinear Filter-Based Robust Adaptive Control Method for a Class of Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems
Authors: Zhao Zeyi , Wang Zhu , Wang Qian
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces an innovative adaptive control approach utilizing a nonlinear filter for a specific subset of nonlinear discrete-time systems, considering the presence of both input and output noise. The system can be transformed into a nonlinear autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs (NARMAX) model. The concept of discrete Nussbaum gain is introduced to address the theoretical constraint associated with unknown directions of feed-forward or control gains, and the extended adaptive tuning sequence is introduced to facilitate the acceleration of parameter updating. In the case of no noise, asymptotical output tracking and global stability are achieved with the adaptive control. Further, in the presence of input noise and output noise, a novel nonlinear filter is designed to generate a more accurate filtered output, which improves the control system’s ability to adapt and track accurately. Finally, examples are provided to showcase the effectiveness and precision of the method.
Thermophysical and Electrical Properties of Ethylene Glycol-Based Nanofluids Containing CaCO3
Authors: Traciak Julian , Cabaleiro David , Vallejo Javier P. , Fal Jacek
Published: January 2024

The thermophysical properties of various types of nanofluids are often studied to find more effective working fluids for heat transfer applications. In this paper, the mass density, isobaric heat capacity, thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity surface tension, and electrical properties of calcium carbonate-ethylene glycol (CaCO3-EG) nanofluids were investigated. The samples with mass fractions of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 were prepared with a two-step method and studied as well as pure base fluid (ethylene glycol). The measurements were conducted at temperatures between 283.15 and 313.15 K and the obtained results show the impact of CaCO3 nanoparticles on the thermophysical and electrical properties of ethylene glycol.
The Spirituality of Logic-Based Therapy
Authors: Cohen Elliot D.
Published: January 2024

Logic-Based Therapy and Consultation (LBTC) identifies sets of irrational thinking or “cardinal fallacies” that promote self-defeating emotions, such as depression, anxiety, guilt, and anger. To overcome these fallacies, LBTC enlists philosophical ideas to attain virtue. The latter “guiding virtues” are ideals, never fully achievable, which are thus aspirational in character. Philosophical ideas are considered “uplifting” when they phenomenologically connect the client to such virtues. From this phenomenological perspective, this connection is experienced by the client as a “leading up” or transcendence with a sense of liberation from the suffering generated by the cardinal fallacy. Herein, lies an intensely spiritual experience. For clients who are religious and utilize religious philosophies to aspire to virtue, this experience is deeply religious. For those who embrace non-religious philosophies (those that are not God-centered), this liberating experience is nonetheless spiritual. It is typically described by clients as a sense of freedom or lightness; a deep peace of mind or serenity associated with the guiding virtue of all guiding virtues: metaphysical security. This article provides an analysis of the nature and conditions under which this deeply spiritual experience is attainable during the course of LBTC practice.
Comparative Assessment of Neural Radiance Fields and Photogrammetry in Digital Heritage: Impact of Varying Image Conditions on 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Croce Valeria , Billi Dario , Caroti Gabriella , Piemonte Andrea , De Luca Livio , Véron Philippe
Published: January 2024

This paper conducts a comparative evaluation between Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) and photogrammetry for 3D reconstruction in the cultural heritage domain. Focusing on three case studies, of which the Terpsichore statue serves as a pilot case, the research assesses the quality, consistency, and efficiency of both methods. The results indicate that, under conditions of reduced input data or lower resolution, NeRF outperforms photogrammetry in preserving completeness and material description for the same set of input images (with known camera poses). The study recommends NeRF for scenarios requiring extensive area mapping with limited images, particularly in emergency situations. Despite NeRF’s developmental stage compared to photogrammetry, the findings demonstrate higher potential for describing material characteristics and rendering homogeneous textures with enhanced visual fidelity and accuracy; however, NeRF seems more prone to noise effects. The paper advocates for the future integration of NeRF with photogrammetry to address respective limitations, offering more comprehensive representation for cultural heritage preservation tasks. Future developments include extending applications to planar surfaces and exploring NeRF in virtual and augmented reality, as well as studying NeRF evolution in line with emerging trends in semantic segmentation and in-the-wild scene reconstruction.
Automatic Damage Detection of Pavement through DarkNet Analysis of Digital, Infrared, and Multi-Spectral Dynamic Imaging Images
Authors: Seo Hyungjoon , Shi Yunfan , Fu Lang
Published: January 2024

It is important to maintain the safety of road driving by automatically performing a series of processes to automatically measure and repair damage to the road pavement. However, road pavements include not only damages such as longitudinal cracks, transverse cracks, alligator cracks, and potholes, but also various elements such as manholes, road marks, oil marks, shadows, and joints. Therefore, in order to separate categories that exist in various road pavements, in this paper, 13,500 digital, IR, and MSX images were collected and nine categories were automatically classified by DarkNet. The DarkNet classification accuracies of digital images, IR images, and MSX images are 97.4%, 80.1%, and 91.1%, respectively. The MSX image is a enhanced image of the IR image and showed an average of 6% lower accuracy than the digital image but an average of 11% higher accuracy than the IR image. Therefore, MSX images can play a complementary role if DarkNet classification is performed together with digital images. In this paper, a method for detecting the directionality of each crack through a two-dimensional wavelet transform is presented, and this result can contribute to future research on detecting cracks in pavements.
Narrative, Nature-Based Participatory Action Research (PAR) among Female Turkish Migrants in Denmark: Reflections on Methodological Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Blaakilde Anne Leonora , Christensen Karen
Published: January 2024

Migrants of non-European origin tend to suffer more from diabetes, obesity and other chronic ailments compared to the native population. A group of female Turkish migrants in ill health, living in Denmark, were invited to join a session of eleven weekly meetings in natural surroundings, including yoga, bonfires and gathering fruits and herbs. The women were invited to suggest activities, and every meeting included dialogues focusing on their everyday life, interests and experiences. Two PAR researchers facilitated the meetings together with an interpreter. This article presents the methods and results of this PAR research and discusses the methodological ethnographic balance between approaching the migrants’ weaknesses in terms of their illness and migratory challenges on the one hand and, on the other, their transnational resources as workers, household keepers and kin keepers.
Institutional and Actor Network Perspectives of Waste Management in Australia: Is the Construction Industry Prepared for a Circular Economy?
Authors: Lim Benson Teck Heng , Oo Bee Lan , McLeod Charlie , Yang Pengqi
Published: January 2024

Waste management and minimization are touted to be two of the key drivers for greening the construction industry and a pathway to a circular economy. This research aims to revisit the attitudes and perceptions of project stakeholders towards construction and demolition (C&D) waste in the Australian construction industry and ascertain if the current state of play in construction would facilitate the transition to a circular economy. Statistical analysis was performed on an online survey dataset collected from 104 professionals within the Australian construction supply chain. The results reveal that construction professionals’ attitudes and perceptions to C&D waste could be classified into normative, regulatory and cultural cognitive drivers. Also, the perceived barriers and strategies of C&D waste management vary across design consultants and principal and sub-contractors. Overall, the evidence is suggestive that the Australian construction industry seems not fully ready for a circular economy. In terms of research implications, clearer guidelines and mandatory approaches to C&D waste management, involving a balance of incentivization and dis-incentivization actions, and close and stronger collaborations between the industry and government, are deemed necessary for better C&D waste management performance and the realization of a greener industry.
Breastfeeding in the First Year of Life: The Situation in Romania in the European Context
Authors: Bacalu Denisa Andreea , Lazea Cecilia , Mirel Simona , Stan Ovidiu-Petru , Lotrean Lucia Maria
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is not only the cornerstone of a child’s healthy development, but it is also the most economical and planet-friendly way to feed an infant. This study aims to assess the current situation regarding breastfeeding in Romania. (2) Method: The authors searched five databases using the search terms “breastfeeding OR lactation” AND Romania. Studies have been limited to those published in English since 2000. In vitro animal studies, case studies, reviews, meta-analyses, book chapters, and guidelines were excluded. (3) Results: 19 studies were included in the final review. For the purpose of this systematic review, studies were subgrouped into studies on attitudes, practices, and behaviors regarding breastfeeding and the composition of human milk. This review demonstrates a slight tendency to increase interest in breastfeeding in Romania in the last years. Interventional studies conducted so far included mainly urban populations with good socioeconomic levels and a high level of education. Studies about the impact of early intervention in maternal education concluded that the level of education is positively correlated with the interest in education regarding breastfeeding. On the other hand, the Romanian population has similar characteristics to the European population in terms of the factors that influence human milk composition. (4) Conclusions: The review underlines strengths and weaknesses of the Romanian situation regarding breastfeeding and makes recommendations for future directions for research and health education.
Traversing the Evolution of Research on Engineering Education for Sustainability: A Bibliometric Review (1991–2022)
Authors: Narong David Kongpiwatana , Hallinger Philip
Published: January 2024

Engineering education plays a pivotal role in cultivating the engineering capacity for sustainable development. Nonetheless, there has been no comprehensive review that examines sustainability as a distinct knowledge domain within engineering education. This review filled this gap by conducting a bibliometric review to document the research landscape, analyze the intellectual structure of the literature, and identify emerging research themes. The review sourced 2738 Scopus-indexed documents published between 1991 and 2022. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, co-citation analysis, and keyword co-occurrence analysis. The study identified consistent growth in research output and geographic diversity. Four predominant conceptual themes were identified in the literature: (1) Engineering Education Reform, (2) Engineering Competencies, Pedagogy, and Curriculum, (3) Curriculum Assessment and Benchmarks, and (4) Sustainable Technologies. Findings emphasize the need for defining precise engineering competencies related to sustainability, incorporating diverse teaching methods, and ensuring that sustainability learning outcomes align with changing industry norms, regulations, and accreditation criteria. The study also highlights a growing focus on the use of Industry 4.0 technologies as a means of achieving sustainability outcomes. The review underscores the need for sustained curriculum reform to successfully transform engineering education toward sustainability.
Long-Term Water Quality Monitoring: Using Satellite Images for Temporal and Spatial Monitoring of Thermal Pollution in Water Resources
Authors: Naimaee Reza , Kiani Abbas , Jarahizadeh Sina , Haji Seyed Asadollah Seyed Babak , Melgarejo Pablo , Jodar-Abellan Antonio
Published: January 2024

Thermal pollution reduces water quality through any process that leads to a change in the water’s ambient temperature. Karun is one of the most relevant sources of water supply in Iran, and its pollution, created by industrial, urban, and agricultural issues, has been one of the most critical challenges throughout the last few years. As the water temperature rises, the amount of dissolved oxygen in it decreases, thereby affecting the entire ecosystem associated with it. Drainage of urban and industrial runoff into surface water sources can increase the water temperature. Dams also constitute a significant part, modifying spatial patterns of temperature along river routes and causing thermal contamination. In this paper, the thermal pollution of the Karun River was assessed, and regions along this river with unusually raised water temperatures were identified and compared over 20 years. By analyzing the results, it can be found that the thermal pollution from dams has a significant impact on the downstream river environment and ecology that is considerably relevant during summer periods, showing average decreases of 3 degrees Celsius immediately beyond the dams’ locations (from 41 degrees Celsius upstream dams to 38 degrees Celsius beyond them) or even bigger (reductions of 13 degrees Celsius in one of the studied dams). Hence, our results showed that water temperature is colder downstream in the hot seasons of the year than upstream of the dams. The results suggest that the usage of remote sensing data effectively could complement collected data from ground-based sensors to estimate water temperature and to identify pollution areas. It provides experts with spatially extensive and highly synchronized data.
Multi-Objective Planning of Commuter Carpooling under Time-Varying Road Network
Authors: Li Jin , Zhang Hongping , Liu Huasheng , Wang Shiyan
Published: January 2024

Aiming at the problem of urban traffic congestion in morning and evening rush hours, taking commuter carpool path planning as the research object, the spatial correlation of traffic flow at adjacent intersections is mined using convolutional neural networks (CNN), and the temporal features of traffic flow are mined using long short-term memory (LSTM) model. The extracted temporal and spatial features are fused to achieve short-term prediction. Considering the travel willingness of drivers and passengers, a multi-objective optimization model with minimum driver and passenger loss time and total travel time is established under the constraints of vehicle capacity, time windows and detour distances. An Improved Non-dominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm-II (INSGA-II) is proposed to solve it. The open-loop saving algorithm is used to generate an initial population with better quality, and the 2-opt local search strategy is adopted in the mutation operation to improve search efficiency. The influence of vehicle speed on the matching scheme is analyzed. The research results show that under the same demand conditions, the total travel distance of the carpool scheme is reduced by about 56.19% and total travel time is reduced by about 65.52% compared with the non-carpool scheme. Research on carpool matching under time-varying road networks will help with urban commuting efficiency and environmental quality, and play a positive role in alleviating traffic congestion and promoting carpool services.
Identification of Vegetation Surfaces and Volumes by Height Levels in Reservoir Deltas Using UAS Techniques—Case Study at Gilău Reservoir, Transylvania, Romania
Authors: Rus Ioan , Șerban Gheorghe , Brețcan Petre , Dunea Daniel , Sabău Daniel
Published: January 2024

The hydrophilic vegetation from reservoir deltas sustains rapid expansions in surface and important increases in vegetal mass against a background of a significant influx of alluvium and nutrients from watercourses. It contributes to reservoir water quality degradation and reservoir silting due to organic residues. In this paper, we propose an evaluation method of two-dimensional and three-dimensional parameters (surfaces and volumes of vegetation), using the combined photogrammetric techniques from the UAS category. Raster and vector data—high-resolution orthophotoplan (2D), point cloud (pseudo-LIDAR) (3D), points that defined the topographic surface (DTM—Digital Terrain Model (3D) and DSM—Digital Surface Model (3D))—were the basis for the realization of grid products (a DTM and DSM, respectively). After the successive completion of the operations within the adopted workflow (data acquisition, processing, post-processing, and their integration into GIS), after the grid analysis, the two proposed variables (topics) of this research, respectively, the surface of vegetation and its volume, resulted. The data acquisition area (deriving grids with a centimeter resolution) under the conditions of some areas being inaccessible using classical topometric or bathymetric means (low depth, the presence of organic mud and aquatic vegetation, etc.) has an important role in the reservoirs’ depth dynamics and reservoir usage. After performing the calculations in the abovementioned direction, we arrived at results of practical and scientific interest: Cut Volume = 196,000.3 m3, Cut 2D Surface Area = 63,549 m2, Fill Volume = 16.59998 m3, Fill 2D Surface Area = 879.43 m2, Total Volume Between Surfaces = 196,016.9 m3. We specify that this approach does not aim to study the vegetation’s diversity but to determine its dimensional components (surface and volume), whose organic residues participate in mitigating the reservoir functions (water supply, hydropower production, flash flood attenuation capacity, etc.).
Implementing BIM and Lean Construction Methods for the Improved Performance of a Construction Project at the Disassembly and Reuse Stage: A Case Study in Dezhou, China
Authors: Hei Shanggang , Zhang Hong , Luo Shen , Zhang Ruizhe , Zhou Chao , Cong Meng , Ye Hongyu
Published: January 2024

The construction industry is adopting a collaborative paradigm by combining Lean construction (LC) principles and BIM capabilities. Existing studies lack sufficient case studies and performance evaluations, especially for the disassembly and reconstruction stage, creating a gap in the practical application of BIM and Lean construction (BIM-LC) in China. To bridge this gap, this study quantitatively assessed the BIM-LC methodology in a relocation project in Dezhou, China. The project employed BIM-LC practices such as the Last-Planner System (LPS), Just-In-Time (JIT), Kanban, Value-Stream Mapping (VSM), and Continuous Improvement to enhance construction efficiency and minimize waste. Two main areas of the relocation process were investigated: (i) the identification of common barriers and on-site solutions to the implementation of BIM-LC; (ii) evaluation of the construction efficiency, construction and demolition waste (CDW), and carbon-emission performance. The results showed that the BIM-LC strategy improved labor efficiency and productivity by 3.4% and 12.9%, shortened the construction period by 11 days, reduced construction costs by 8.07% (i.e., USD 9093.8), and reduced transportation costs by 12.5% (i.e., USD 1875). The CDW generation rate ranged from 1–5%, which is comparable to the rates observed in residential construction across various countries. The total weight was 1903.8 kg (10.4 kg/m2). Moreover, the carbon emission during the relocation process was 15,288.4 kgCO2e, with a carbon intensity of 83.5 kg/m2. This study extends the knowledge systems on the application of the BIM-LC method in relocation projects and supports data-driven decision making. It also plays a crucial role in fostering new markets for recycled components, contributing to the realization of a sustainable built environment.
The Effects of Drop Vertical Jump Task Variation on Landing Mechanics: Implications for Evaluating Limb Asymmetry
Authors: Erdman Ashley L. , Ulman Sophia , Suzman Evan , Petric Jan Karel , Loewen Alex M. , Õunpuu Sylvia , Chafetz Ross , Tulchin-Francis Kirsten , Wren Tishya A. L.
Published: January 2024

Limb asymmetry is an important consideration when evaluating rehabilitation progress or re-injury risk. The drop vertical jump (DVJ) task is commonly used to assess landing mechanics; however, the extent to which task setup influences limb asymmetry is unknown. Our purpose was to examine limb asymmetries across DVJ variations. We hypothesized that more demanding variations involving greater jump distance and target use would elicit greater landing asymmetries. Participants performed six DVJ variations while lower extremity joint kinematics and kinetics were collected. Joint angles and internal moments of the hip, knee and ankle were computed at initial contact and over the decent phase of the initial landing. The horizontal jump distance and the verbal instructions provided on how to jump off the box influenced limb asymmetries. The DVJ variation without a horizontal jump distance resulted in significant differences at the hip and knee; specifically, greater hip and knee flexion asymmetry (7.0° and 15.2° differences, respectively) were observed between limbs at initial contact. Instructions restricting take-off and landing strategies reduced asymmetry; this indicates that verbal instructions are critical to avoid altering natural landing mechanics. To best utilize DVJ as a tool, study protocols should be standardized to allow for more generalizable research and clinical findings.
Wave Solutions for a (2 + 1)-Dimensional Burgers–KdV Equation with Variable Coefficients via the Functional Expansion Method
Authors: Cimpoiasu Rodica , Constantinescu Radu
Published: January 2024

A (2 + 1)-dimensional fourth order Burgers–KdV equation with variable coefficients (vcBKdV) is studied here and interesting wave-type solutions with variable amplitudes and velocities are reported. The model has been not previously studied in the chosen form and it presents a twofold interest: as a model describing a rich variety of phenomena and as a higher-order equation solving difficulties generated by the presence of the variable coefficients. The novelty of our approach is related to the use of the functional expansion, a solving method based on an auxiliary equation that generalizes other approaches, such as, for example, the G′G proved here. We use a similarity reduction with a nonlinear wave variable that leads to a determining system that it is not usually algebraic, but an over-determined system of partial differential equations. It depends on 14 constant or functional parameters and can generate much richer classes of solutions. Three such classes of solutions, corresponding to the case when a specific form of the generalized reaction–diffusion equation is used as auxiliary equation, are considered. The influence on the dynamical behavior of two important factors, the choices of the auxiliary equation and the form of solution, are studied by providing graphical representations of specific solutions for various values of the parameters.
A Solvable Algebra for Massless Fermions
Authors: Groote Stefan , Saar Rein
Published: January 2024

We derive the stabiliser group of the four-vector, also known as Wigner’s little group, in case of massless particle states, as the maximal solvable subgroup of the proper orthochronous Lorentz group of dimension four, known as the Borel subgroup. In the absence of mass, particle states are disentangled into left- and right-handed chiral states, governed by the maximal solvable subgroups sol2± of order two. Induced Lorentz transformations are constructed and applied to general representations of particle states. Finally, in our conclusions, it is argued how the spin-flip contribution might be closely related to the occurrence of nonphysical spin operators.
A Mixed Reality Design System for Interior Renovation: Inpainting with 360-Degree Live Streaming and Generative Adversarial Networks after Removal
Authors: Zhu Yuehan , Fukuda Tomohiro , Yabuki Nobuyoshi
Published: January 2024

In contemporary society, “Indoor Generation” is becoming increasingly prevalent, and spending long periods of time indoors affects well-being. Therefore, it is essential to research biophilic indoor environments and their impact on occupants. When it comes to existing building stocks, which hold significant social, economic, and environmental value, renovation should be considered before new construction. Providing swift feedback in the early stages of renovation can help stakeholders achieve consensus. Additionally, understanding proposed plans can greatly enhance the design of indoor environments. This paper presents a real-time system for architectural designers and stakeholders that integrates mixed reality (MR), diminished reality (DR), and generative adversarial networks (GANs). The system enables the generation of interior renovation drawings based on user preferences and designer styles via GANs. The system’s seamless integration of MR, DR, and GANs provides a unique and innovative approach to interior renovation design. MR and DR technologies then transform these 2D drawings into immersive experiences that help stakeholders evaluate and understand renovation proposals. In addition, we assess the quality of GAN-generated images using full-reference image quality assessment (FR-IQA) methods. The evaluation results indicate that most images demonstrate moderate quality. Almost all objects in the GAN-generated images can be identified by their names and purposes without any ambiguity or confusion. This demonstrates the system’s effectiveness in producing viable renovation visualizations. This research emphasizes the system’s role in enhancing feedback efficiency during renovation design, enabling stakeholders to fully evaluate and understand proposed renovations.
Patterns of Rising HIV Positivity in Northern Madagascar: Evidence of an Urgent Public Health Concern
Authors: Robinson Kyle E. , Long Jackson K. , Fardine Mamantsara , Stephano Adriantiana M. , Walsh Andrew , Grewal Eric P.
Published: January 2024

Despite over two decades of progress against HIV/AIDS in adjacent sub-Saharan Africa, HIV rates and deaths due to AIDS are exponentially rising in Madagascar. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence suggests that, due to a scarcity of general-population screening data, even the startling increase demonstrated by official models vastly underestimates the true population prevalence of HIV. We aimed to implement a real-world HIV screening and treatment protocol to serve a general population stemming from across northern Madagascar. In collaboration with the Malagasy Ministry of Health, we provided point-of-care HIV screening and confirmatory testing for over 1000 participants from 73 towns, villages, and cities. We recorded an overall HIV prevalence of 2.94%. Notably, we observed a 13.1% HIV prevalence rate among urban populations and showed that proximity to a major route of travel was significantly associated with HIV risk. We also observed a link between HIV risk and various occupations, including those associated with increased mobility (such as mining). Importantly, all HIV-positive individuals were initiated on antiretroviral therapy in concordance with local health authorities. To our knowledge, this study marks the largest primary test data-based HIV study to date among Madagascar’s general population, showing a greatly higher HIV prevalence (2.9%) than previously reported modeling-based figures (0.4%). Our rates aligned with the pattern of higher prevalence demonstrated in smaller general-population screening studies occurring more commonly prior to political strife in the mid-2000s. These findings demonstrate evidence of a growing HIV epidemic in northern Madagascar and underscore the need for future investment into more comprehensive HIV screening and control initiatives in Madagascar.
The First Report on the Complete Sequence Characterization of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 3 in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jeong , Choi Jun-Gu , Seong Da-Seul , Jeong Jong-Uk , Kim Hye-Jung , Park Sang-Won , Yun Seung-Pil , Roh In-Soon
Published: January 2024

The bluetongue virus (BTV) is a significant animal pathogen with economic implications in the ruminant industry. Despite global reports on BTV detection and epidemiologic investigations, limited studies have focused on the virus in the ROK. In this study, BTV epidemiological research was conducted on blood samples from cattle and goat farms across nine regions during 2013–2014. The results showed that 3.33% of bovine blood samples (194/5824) and 0.19% of goat blood samples (2/1075) tested positive for BTV antibodies using ELISA. In Jeju-do, BTV RNA amplification occurred in 51 of 422 samples (12.1%) using real-time reverse transcription (RT-qPCR). The isolation of one sample revealed it as serotype 3, as indicated by the sequence of segments 2 (Seg-2) and 6 (Seg-6), associated with the eastern BTV topotype. However, based on Seg-1, -3, -4, -5, -7, -8, -9, and -10 analyses, the BTV-3/JJBB35 strain is more closely related to distinct BTV strains. These findings imply BTV circulation and that the Korean-isolated BTV might originate from Asian BTV strains due to multiple reassortment events. This study provides foundational data for ongoing BTV monitoring and disease-control policies in the ROK.