bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intergranular Corrosion Behavior of 00Cr12 Ferritic Stainless Steels Containing Cerium
Authors: Li Ya Bo , Wang Fu Ming , Cheng Xiao Nong
Published: May 2013

Intergranular corrosion behavior of 00Cr12 ferritic stainless steels with different amounts cerium was evaluated. For this evaluation, electrochemical measurements - polarization curves - were obtained for tested materials, and optical microscope was used to observe corrosive microstructure. Experimental results shows: cerium reduces grain sizes and improves intergranular corrosion resistance of test materials. Through mechanism analysis: cerium reduces grain sizes, increases grain boundary density, therefore might improve distribution aspects of carbides and nitrides, chromium depletion situation near grain boundary would be improved, this work worth further study.
Studies on the Preliminary Characterization of a Novel Exopolysaccharide Produced by Streptococcus thermophilus Strain from Tibetan Kefir Grain
Authors: Jiang Shu Juan , Qian Fang , Ren Xiao Hui , Mu Guang Qing
Published: May 2013

The novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) was produced by a streptococcus thermophilus strain isolated from Tibetan kefir grain, and it was purified using DEAE cellulose 52 and DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. Then it was eluted as a single symmetrical narrow peak on high-performance gel-permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and the average molecular mass was estimated to be 30,092Da. Infrared spectrum analysis indicated it had characteristic glycosidic structures. Gas chromatography showed that the EPS is composed of mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of 2.6:1 with trace galactose. The structural features of EPS were investigated by partial hydrolysis with acid, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy analysis. The results revealed that the main backbone chain of EPS was (23)-β-D-Manp, (34)-β-D-Manp, (23,6)-α-D-Glcp and trace amounts of galactose.
Study on Deproteinization of Polysaccharide from Corn Silk with Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide
Authors: Zhou Hong Li , Song Guo Qiang , Zhang Min
Published: May 2013

To study the optimum deproteination conditions of polysaccharide from corn silk with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB). The removal rate of protein and residual rate of polysaccharide was chosen as the index. The optimal deproteination condition of CTAB was that NaCl was 0.010g, pH was 6.0, the volume ratio of CTAB was 10%, dissociated time was 24h. Deproteinization rate was 58.17%, the residual rate of polysaccharide was 25.29%.
Study on Extraction Technology of Polysaccharide from Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Zhou Hong Li , Cheng Li , Lin Shi
Published: May 2013

To study the extraction technology of polysaccharide from Pleurotus ostreatus. In order to explore the influence of temperature, time, and solid-liquid ratio on polysaccharide yield, single factor test had been done. The optimum extraction conditions was obtained though orthogonal test and interactive analysis: extraction temperature 50°C, extraction time 2h, and solid-liquid ratio 1:30. Under those conditions, the extraction rate of Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharides was 28.79%.
Production and Utilisation of Non-Conventional Coke
Authors: Němček Ondřej , Honus Stanislav , Juchelková Dagmar
Published: May 2013

The article describes the non conventional coke utilisation possibilities and production from alternative sources and lower quality non renewable resources. A lot of the so-called pyrolytic carbon semi-coke is created within operations of pyrolytic units. The research objective is to find a suitable methodology for the preparation and treatment of semi-coke for its consequent industrial utilisation. Also, it is good to consider the use of this raw material as an alternative fuel, or its combustion in mixtures.
Microstructure Refinement of Hypereutectic High Chromium Cast Iron with Electric Current Pulse
Authors: Chen Hua , Zhang Ling , Wang Sheng Ming
Published: May 2013

The effect of electric current pulse (ECP) on the solidification structure of hypereutectic high chromium cast iron was studied. The orthogonal array L9 was used to determine the effect of three process parameters of ECP, which were electric voltage, pulse frequency, pulse width. According to the experimental results, the solidification structure of hypereutectic high chromium cast iron was modified from large grains to finer grains with equiaxed crystals, by allowing the ECP to act on liquid.
Preparation of Aromatic Silanes as High Thermal Stability Coupling Agents
Authors: Pan You Lin , Arkles Barry , Kendenburg James
Published: May 2013

Four different synthetic methods for preparation of aromatic sialnes have been developed and the hydrosilylation route has been proved to be one as the most commercially significant. A series of specialty aryl silanes have been synthesized for the potential applications of high performance and high temperature as silane coupling agents. The thermal stabilities of the bridged aromatic silanes have been examined using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and compared against the gamma-substituted alkylsilanes and phenyltrimethoxysilane. These materials have greater thermal stability than the gamma-substituted, but marginally lower than phenyltrimethoxysilane.
Material Selection of Water-Ring Vacuum Pump in Yellow Phosphorus Tail Gas Industry
Authors: Yu Hong Mei
Published: May 2013

Material selection of water-ring vacuum pumps in the chemical industry is closely related to the suction gas medium composition. Using the case of 70,000 tons of sodium yellow phosphorus tail gas system of water-ring vacuum pump in Guizhou Kaiyang Qingli tianmeng Chemical Ltd. (hereafter abbreviation as Tianmeng Company), this paper introduces vacuum pump in the production process of yellow phosphorus tail gas, according to the characteristics of corrosion in acidic media on flow passage component, and analyze the factors influencing the selection of materials from the point of view of the production process of yellow phosphorus tail gas.
Distribution and Bioavailability of Nitrogen Species in Street Dust from Small Towns in Yongchuan, Chongqing
Authors: Wang Shu Min , Yu Hui
Published: May 2013

Most studies about urban street dust have been focused on big cities so far and less attention has been focused on small towns. In this paper, we collected 12 samples from four different localities (Commercial Area, Industrial Area, Shuangzhu Street, Xuefu Road) in small towns of Yongchuan District, Chongqing to investigate the concentration distribution and composition of nitrogen in street dust. The results revealed that dust samples from Commercial Area contain higher concentration of total nitrogen (TN) (e.g., 1672mg/kg) comparing with dust samples from other three sites (e.g., 196-682mg/kg). In addition, inorganic nitrogen was the predominant form in every site and accounted for 67%-89% of TN. Organic carbon (OC) and pH also had an effect on concentration and composition of TN.
Research on a New Secondary Creep Model and Creep Damage Evolution for P92 Steel
Authors: Yuan Jun , Xu Hong , Ni Yong Zhong
Published: May 2013

In the traditional Norton-Bailey model, the stress exponent is a constant value when the temperature keeps constant, But for some materials, this situation can’t be suitable. Based on the analysis of the experimental data, a secondary creep constitutive model which can be used in the stress exponent changing situation has been proposed. By introducing Kachanov-Rabotnov damage equation, the modified creep model has been established for P92 steel at 610°C and 670°C, which can describe the second and tertiary stage. And the method to determine creep parameters of tertiary stage has been derived. The new model was embedded into ANSYS interface program, and used for calculating the creep life of P92 steel. The results show that the model is in agreement with the experimental data.
Influence Analysis of the Parameters on Sound Absorbing Performance for Polymer Wool
Authors: Huang Ya Wei , Wang Deng Feng , Chen Shu Ming , Liu Zong Wei , Wang Hai Lin
Published: May 2013

This paper, first of all, demonstrates the comparison between simulated results and direct measurements of the absorbing performance of polymer wool. It is found that simulated results are statistically coincided well with experiment results. Secondly, this paper discusses the influence of Biot parameters on the absorbing performance of the polymer wool. Besides, the influencing rules of these factors on the absorbing performance of the polymer wool are analyzed as well. This has great significances to the application of the polymer wool on noise reduction in automobile.
Study on Properties of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin (EHL) and Chloride Polyethylene (CPE) Composites
Authors: Wang Ai Bing , Wang Xiang , Hong Hong , Yin Qi Wen , Ye Yu Han , Liu Bin , Cheng Xian Su
Published: May 2013

Polymer blends consisting of chloride polyethylene (CPE), and enzymatic hydrolysis lignin(EHL) were prepared by compression molding. The thermal and mechanical properties of EHL-CPE composites were investigated. The results showed that the presence of EHL, which interfered with the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions and Impact strength of CPE were improved. The values of impact strength and thermal stability time rose quickly with ncreasingEHL content from 5 to 20 phr.There was a obvious increase color change time in Congo red dipstick experiment of CPE by adding EHL. The thermal testing results showed that EHL could be a novel additive for increasing thermal stability of CPE.
Study on Relationship between BPA Migration and Thermal-Oxidative Aging Degree of Polycarbonate
Authors: Zhao Yong Xian , Zhao Le , Zhao Yang Yang , Gao Jian Guo , Xiao Zuo Liang , Wang Hui
Published: May 2013

The present work was concerned with the study on relationship between the migration level of BPA and thermal-oxidative aging degree of PC used as food and packaging materials. It was indicated that with the increasing of thermal-oxidative aging time, the migration level of BPA increased. The migration level was far beyond the GB/T5009.99-2003 (China). Variation of phenolic hydroxyl absorption intensity in IR spectra and the maximum absorption wavelength red shift of benzene in UV-Vis spectra indicated the same law; Initial weight loss temperature and maximum weight loss rate temperature of PC after thermal-oxidative aging were reduced by 1-2°C and 3-5°C respectively, and the thermal stability declined
Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Cationic Polymer PEA
Authors: Zhang Rong Ming , Shan Hong Man , Zhao Min , Ma Dong Hui , Li Wei
Published: May 2013

The cationic polymer PEA was synthesized by ring-opening reaction and quaterisation with epichlorohydrin and β-hydroxy alkyl propyl ether amine as the main materials.Study on the efffect of rate of charge, reaction time and reaction temperature on cationic degree and epoxy value. Capability of adsorption on the sand and anti-swelling resistance were studied. The results showed that the best polymerization conditions as follows,reaction temperature was 60 °C, reaction time was 6 h, the rate of charge of epichlorohydrin toβ-hydroxy alkyl propyletheramine was 2.5:1. Under these conditions , the cationic degree of PEA was 3.962 mmol/g, epoxy value was 0.12. Then it was performed the water absorption.
Synthesis of UV-Writing Fluorinated Polymer for Organic Optical Waveguide
Authors: Fei Xu , Fan Shu Qi , Tian Jing , Wang Yi
Published: May 2013

UV-Writing Poly(FPS-co-GMA) for optical waveguide was synthesized and the refractive index of the polymer film was tuned in the range of 1.460~1.555 at 1550 nm by mixing with bis-phenol-A epoxy resin. The film, which was made by spinning coated the Poly(FPS-co-GMA) with photo initiator, had good UV light lithograph sensitivity. The optical waveguides with very smooth top surface were fabricated from the resulting polymer by direct UV exposure and chemical development. The propagation losses of the channel waveguides were measured to be below 0.6 dB/cm at 1550 nm.
The Best Dosage of Polymer Dispersant in WDG by Zata Potential Method
Authors: Liu Shu Jing , Li Yun Peng , Wu Wei Hong , Wang Zhi
Published: May 2013

Applied self-prepared GY dispersant into 75% thifensulfuron WDG formulation,only chang the dispersant and filler content, found out the optimal amount of dispersant using zata potential analyzer. The results show that when the dosage of dispersant is 6%, zeta potential to achieve the most negative,75% tribenuron water dispersible granule apparent suspension rate of more than 90%. Zata potentiometric method is a rapid method that decide anionic dispersant dosage.
Study on Pretreatment Agent for Anti-Clogging in Polymer Flooding Wells
Authors: Dang Qing Gong , Bian Ji Ping , Cheng Hui Ling , Wang Peng , Jiang Hai Rui
Published: May 2013

A surfactant containing sulfonic group was used as pretreatment agent before polymer flooding. It can form a mixed absorption layer with the polar substances of rock surface. So the wettability of rock surface can be changed to some extent, and plugging near borehole zones which was caused by polymer injection can be decreased. Compared with the effects of different wettability reversal agents on the saturated static adsorption of polymer on rock surface, a wettability reversal agent with the best effect was selected to be used as pretreatment agent for anti-clogging in polymer flooding wells. Core displacement experiment showed that the pretreatment agent can prevent the polymer adsorbing on rock surface effectively, and the plugging rate and injection pressure of polymer flooding were reduced by more than 20% and 50% respectively.
Properties of Ohmic Contact of Au Electrode on Polycrystalline Mercuric Iodide
Authors: Liao Yang , Shi Wei Min , Yang Wei Guang , Li Ji Rong , Qian Jun , Lu Shu Yi
Published: May 2013

Polycrystalline mercuric iodide films are being developed as a new detector technology for digital X-ray imaging. The properties of the contact between electrode and film play an important role in the performance of the polycrystalline mercuric iodide detector. In this paper, the films were grown on the thin film transistor (TFT) substrates via hot-wall physical vapor deposition method. Au front contacts were deposited onto the HgI2 films by thermal evaporation under a vacuum of 10-4Pa. The HgI2 films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface morphology of the films before and after the process of evaporating Au was compared by scan electron microscopes (SEM). And the I-V curve was measured after evaporating Au electrode. The results indicate that the polycrystalline mercuric iodide films we prepared have a very strong (001) growth-preference. Au was deposited on the grain surface forming excellent ohmic contact with polycrystalline α-HgI2 film which was also confirmed by the I-V characteristic of HgI2 film after the process of evaporating Au electrode.
Characterization of TiO2 Composite Film on Steel Obtained in Aluminate Electrolyte by PEO and the Photocatalytic Activities
Authors: Wang Yun Long , Wang Miao , Qin Yue Mei , Shi Xing Feng , Guo Hui Rong , He Zi Juan
Published: May 2013

TiO2 composite photocatalytic film was prepared on steel by plasma electrolytic oxidation in aluminate electrolyte. The microstructure of the composite film was investigated by XRD and SEM. The photocatalytic properties of the films treated with different time were studied by photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B with various irradiation time. The results revealed that the as prepared film was composed of crystal phase of much A-TiO2 and a little γ-Al2O3. The film surface was rough and porous. The pores are in the dimensions of 2-8 μm. The photocatalytic experimental results showed that for the same irradiation time, the removal ratio of Rhodamine B of the films gradually increased with increasing the treating time. For each film, the removal ratio of Rhodamine B of the film also gradually increased when increase the irradiation time. The 30 min treated sample exhibited a removal ratio of 80% in 2h irradiation of ultraviolet light.
Mechanical Behavior Research of a Novel Bridge Tower Structure Based on Model Test
Authors: Zeng Jing , Wang Wei , Ye Xi Jun
Published: May 2013

Model test is one of the most effective methods to understand the mechanical behavior for complicated bridge structures. In this paper, the model test and the construction technology are described, and analysis specialized in the tower column and the cross beam are done based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS, then compare with the result of the model test. It is proved by both the theory and the test that the design of the tower is safe and reasonable.
High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Eco7075-T73 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Kim Gwan Yeung , Kim Kyu Sik , Kim Shae K. , Yoon Young Ok , Cho Kyu Sang , Lee Kee Ahn
Published: May 2013

This study examined the microstructures, mechanical and fatigue properties of the recently developed Eco7075 alloy. Eco7075 is made using Eco-Mg (Mg-Al2Ca) in place of the element Mg during the manufacture of alloy 7075, having economically advantageous and superior properties. In the microstructure observation, average grain size was measured to be 5.2 μm. It consisted of Al matrix containing minute amounts of Al2CuMg, MgZn2, and Ca phases and showed microstructures with reduced amounts of Fe-based phases or oxides. Tensile tests exhibited that this alloy had yield strength of 492 MPa, tensile strength of 548 MPa, and elongation of 12.8%, which showed higher strengths than the conventional 7075 alloy but the similar elongation. Fatigue properties improved significantly compared to those of conventional 7075 alloys (Eco7075: fatigue limit of 330MPa). The superior tensile and fatigue properties of Eco7075-T73 alloy were mainly attributed to grain size refinement, homogeneous distribution of main strengthening phases, and reduced harmful phases of Fe-based intermetallic and oxide.
Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth of 2024-T351 by Grey GM(1,1) Model with Rolling Check
Authors: Ni Chih Chung
Published: May 2013

The study is focused on the investigations into applying the grey model with rolling check to the prediction of fatigue crack growth. Fatigue crack growth data of compact tension specimens made of 2024-T351 aluminum-alloy plate tested under constant-amplitude loads were carried out for verifications. The optimal values of parameter affecting the accuracy of prediction were found by variational analysis. Using four experimental crack lengths as the source series and the optimal value of parameter for modelling with rolling check, it was found almost entire fatigue crack growth curve of the specimen can be predicted accurately. Besides, the analyzed results including number of rolling check performed, loading cycle corresponding to the maximum predicted crack length, fractured cycle of specimen, cycle ratio of loading cycle and fractured cycle, and percentage of error between maximum predicted and experimental crack length for all specimens were tabulated.
Research on the Effect of Pre-Stress on Bending Stiffness of the Ball Screw Based on ANSYS
Authors: Xiao Hui , Zhang Da Wei , Shi Yi Guang , Sun Zhen Hong
Published: May 2013

In this paper, the effect of pre-stress of ball screws on bending stiffness is studied. By using ANSYS APDL parameterized method and adding stress stiffness effect, the relationship between the maximum deflection of ball screws under gravity load and pre-stress is given. The research result shows that with the increasing of pre-stress, the maximum deflection of the ball screw under gravity load gets smaller nonlinearly. The effects of pre-stretching of the ball screw on bending stiffness vary with different cross sections.
Check on Structural Strength of Carbon Fiber Composite Field Kitchen Units
Authors: Zhang Xiang Hong , Yang Han , Sheng Si Lian , Gong Zhan Sheng
Published: May 2013

Field kitchen units is used to guarantee the diet in field operations for troops, a set of field kitchen units includes 3 boxes and 1 tent for kitchen work, cooking staple and non-staple food for 150 people in 1 hour. The weight of units has to be reduced so as to guarantee its application in Tibetan plateau of 5000m as it can be loaded on the vehicle by 2-soldier moving laterally or 3-soldier lifting. Mechanics analysis is carried out in this paper for the structural of latest applied carbon fiber composite units, in an effort to ensure the box can bear the impact generated in the course of transportation and loading, software LS-DYNA is applied to make finite-element analysis to simulate drop simulation test, checking if the strength of box structure reaches the designed requirements.
Evaluation of CO2 Absorbent/De-Absorbent by AAO/CaO Membrane
Authors: Chen Chien Chon , Wang Yen Po
Published: May 2013

This paper discussed the fabrication of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO)/CaO core-shell membrane by anodization and sol-gel processes and evaluated the relationship between the Al2O3/CaO and CO2 by thermodynamic calculation. According to thermodynamic property that CaO can reacts with CO2 forming calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in a lower temperature ranges, CaCO3 can also be decomposed to CaO in a higher temperature ranges. Because the reversible reaction property that CaO can be a CO2 absorbent/ de-absorbent. We address that AAO based on core-shell nanotubes structure to achieve such a demand. The captured CO2 can further convert to fuel material of hydrocarbons.
Analysis on Sealing and Deformation of Exhaust Valve Housing of Marine Diesel Engine
Authors: Wu Ji , Duan Shu Lin , Wu Zhan Hua , Xing Hui , Zhang Wen Chun
Published: May 2013

MAN Diesels 6S50MC-C disel is a two-stroke marine diesel engine. Preload of the exhaust valve component is applied in four bolts. The preload of bolts can improve the fatigue strength of the exhaust component. In addition, the bolt pretension ensure the sealing in the maximum firing pressure. Using of simulation method, the displacement and deformation of exhaust valve component are analyzed when the maximum firing pressure and preload are applied. By analysis of the deformation of the exhaust valve housing under different preload force, the deformation of exhaust valve housing increase with the increaseing of preload. The maximum total deformation is 0.40mm in the preload of 720KN. The maximum deformation occurs in the region near the bolt in the side of exhaust gas outlet. The deformation in the direction of Y-axis of exhaust valve housing is along the Y-axis opposite direction when the preload is greater than 540KN. This indicates that the exhaust valve seal well. The sealing and deformation of the exhaust valve component meets the desgin requirement.
Design of Variable Airship Mechanism Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Xiao Zhi Yuang , Yang Mu Qing , Ma Dong Li , Li Zheng Neng
Published: May 2013

Variable airship is an important research direction because it can overcome the difficulties in climbing phase caused by huge volume, and can also solve the problem of insufficient strength. The requirements of variation bring significant challenges for the airship structural design. In this paper, a radial variation mechanism was proposed based on an existing airship. The mechanism can achieve a continuous variation of the cross-sectional area from 100 to 7.2 percent. The airship structure was analyzed using the finite element method to make sure the airship has a high safety margin in various conditions.
Enhancement Design on Composite Blade Structure of Small Wind Turbines Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Chou Yu Tuan , Hsia Shao Yi
Published: May 2013

To cope with global warming and environmental protection in recent years, the requirements for clean energy are enhancing, and the installation of wind power, as one of such energy, is increasing in various countries. Nevertheless, the connection of wind blades and support blades often break when wind turbine are running. To avoid such a problem in the design stage or the successive reinforcement through proper methods has become an urgent problem in engineering. Commercial software, Solidworks Simulation, is used for simulating stress distribution and the patch reinforcement design in this paper. The analyses show that the maximum stress of the original design not being reinforced with patches has exceeded the tensile strength of the material and result in the breaks and damage of the entire structure. Using composite patches to reinforce the interface of wind blades and the supportive structure could effectively reduce the maximum stress and the displacement of deformation. Moreover, patches could effectively reduce the maximum stress that the optimal reinforcement should take a larger fillet into account.
Mechanical Strength Analysis and Structure Improvement of Diaphragm Chamber Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Ling Xue Qin , Fu Peng , Zhang Wei , Chen Yang
Published: May 2013

Diaphragm chamber is the key component in fluid end of high pressure diaphragm pump for long distance pipeline transportation. Structural dimensions are the major factors affecting mechanical strength and manufacturing cost of diaphragm chamber. In this paper, diaphragm chamber was simulated by finite element analysis software ANSYS. Mechanical strength of diaphragm chamber was checked in the light of ASMEVIII-2. The structure of diaphragm chamber was modified for the purpose of extending service life and reducing production costs. The analysis results provide some theoretical guidance for research and development of diaphragm chambers and relevant products.
Numerical Simulation on Structural Strength of Cam Mechanism for Automobile Panel Die
Authors: Bi Da Sen , Chen Xiao Long , Chu Liang
Published: May 2013

Cam mechanism is the most important equipment of the automotive panel die for flanging, lateral punching processes etc. The product is required to higher precision, so the various components of cam mechanism are required to higher safety and usability. The paper focuses on the structure of cam mechanism that can be simulated by finite element simulation program on working conditions. It analyses the variation of deformation, stress and strain for cam mechanism.
Key Aspects in Addressing Friction in Coaxial Hydraulic Sealing Systems
Authors: Deaconescu Tudor , Deaconescu Andrea
Published: May 2013

Ensuring energy-efficient operation of a hydraulic cylinder is determined also by minimizing the friction forces caused by mobile sealing systems. The nature of friction in a sealing system on one hand, and the systems sealing ability, on the other, are determined by the thickness of the fluid film built up at the contact between seal and sealed surface. The paper presents an evaluation of the hydrodynamic pressures that causes the occurrence of a fluid-filled gap between the elements of a coaxial sealing system, as well as the influence of various parameters on its size.
Arc-Spraying Composite Coatings on Mild Steel for Long-Term High-Temperature Oxidation Protection
Authors: Zhang Zhong Li , Wang Qi Shen , Wei Peng Rao , Gong Xue
Published: May 2013

An arc-spraying composite coating system for high-temperature oxidation protection is composed of an inner Fe-Cr-Al alloy layer and an Al-Si alloy outer layer. The high-temperature oxidation behavior of the composite coatings on steel substrate was studied during isothermal exposures in air at 900°C. Experiments show that the coatings on steel substrate are not deteriorated and the substrate is protected well, being exposed to high temperatures up to 900°C. Inter diffusion of alloying elements within the protective coatings occur, while the elements, Cr and Al, are also diffusing to the core of the base metal. As test time proceeds, a large number of chromium oxides are generated in situ within the protective coatings, especially close to the coating/substrate interface. The oxides generated increase the bond strength of the coating to the steel substrate, and together with the surface alumina they provide a long-term effective anti-oxidant protection to steel substrate. The results on titanium sponge production site show that the protective coatings on the reactor have provided an effective protection and prolong the lifetime at least forty percent for the reactors.
Effect of Pt Content on TGO Growth in EB-PVD TBC Systems with Niptal Bondcoats
Authors: Song Peng , Lu Jian Sheng
Published: May 2013

The oxidation behavior of Pt modified aluminide coating on the CMSX-4 Ni-base alloy plays major role to the EB-PVD TBC failure. The thermally growth oxide (TGO) is one of the most important factors to affect TBC lifetime. Two different Pt-content NiPtAl coatings in EB-PVD TBC systems were studied at 1100°C in air. The results indicated that cross-sections of oxide layer on the NiPtAl coatings within TBC in air were similar for the both bondcoats. The cracks could be found on the TBC/TGO/BC interfaces for the two bondcoats. The TGO morphologies of the low and high-Pt bondcoats on the side without TBC showed great different due to small PtAl particles size within high-Pt bondcoats. The irregular alumina on the both bondcoats was also showed on the sides with TBC compared to ones without TBC due to absence of the TBC. The TGO growth on the high-Pt bondcoats was faster than the low-Pt coatings during initial oxidation time. With the time increasing, the high-Pt content could suppress the TGO growth rate. Thinner TGO thickness could be obeserved on the both NiPtAl coatings due to the stress in TGO accumulation and oxide spallation.
Corrosion Property of a New Repair-Free Steel Developed for Bottom Plate of Cargo Oil Tanks
Authors: Sun Fei Long , Cheng Xue Qun , Li Xiao Gang
Published: May 2013

In this work, a new steel with excellent corrosion resistance was developed for cargo oil tanks of crude oil tankers to substitute protective coatings. Its corrosion properties were investigated by immersion test, SEM and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The results indicated average corrosion rate of the steel was 0.22 mm/year, which countered for ca. 1/5 of accepted criterion (C.R. 1 mm/year) for corrosion resistant steels. This was due to the formation of a thin (10-15 μm), homogeneous and compact corrosion product with high polarization resistance on the surface of the sample.
In-Flight Particle Behavior Measured by DPV-2000 System under Low Pressure Condition
Authors: Zhang Nan Nan , He Bin , Zhang Zhong Li , Li De Yuan , Planche Marie Pierre , Coddet Christian
Published: May 2013

It is known that the micro-structure of coatings produced by low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) is significantly different from the one produced by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Because of the different pressures between the inside and the outside of the plasma gun, the exiting plasma jet experiences unconventional behavior related to supersonic expansion at reduced pressure. In this work, the DPV 2000 system was used to measure in-flight particle velocity and temperature. Alumina powder was injected as sprayed particles under 150 mbar conditions. These preliminary researches are the starting points for development and optimization of this process.
Study on Water-Based Paint Stripper for Tinplate
Authors: Duan Ning , Gao Yao Wen , Zhang Teng , Wu Ke Ming , Zhang Yin Feng
Published: May 2013

A novel water-based paint stripper was prepared for white, metallic ink and varnish coated on the tinplate steel surface. The effect of accelerator and surfactant on stripping efficiency was investigated with the types and dosage of the accelerator and surfactant, the stripping temperature and stirring up condition. The highest stripping efficiency was achieved with the stripper composited by (mass fraction) 35% benzyl alcohol, 6% propanediol carbonate, 10% formic acid, 2% cetyl tri-methyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB) and 47% distilled water, respectively. This paint stripper had low volatility, and was not easy to burn. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test indicated that the paint stripper had little corrosive effect on tinplates.
Surface Activity Research of Cationic Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Fan Zhen Zhong , Li Lan Lan , Zhang Li Feng , Liu Qing Wang
Published: May 2013

Cationic Gemini surfactant concentration, the inorganic salts added and the pH value of surface tension obtained cationic gemini surfactant critical micelle concentration is 0.4mmol / L;by adding three kinds of inorganic salts NaCl, MgCl2, and Na2SO4 ,which Na2SO4 has the greatest impact on surface tension, followed by MgCl2.The surface minimum tension of the pH ranged from 9 to 11 , indicating that the surface activity of cationic gemini surfactants achieved the highest.
Analysis of Selective Absorber Coatings on Thermal Performance of the Solar Flat-Plate Collector
Authors: Han Xiao Dong , Zhang Shi Wei , Chen Chuan , Tang Yong
Published: May 2013

In this work, a solar flat-plate collector test system is developed. The solar flat-plate collectors with anodic coating, chromium coating and blue core coating are tested. The experimental results indicate that the relative absorption ration α/ε of blue core coating is up to 19. The efficiency of collector with blue core coating is 78.66%, which is 5% higher than collectors with the other two types of coatings. In addition, collector with blue core coating has smaller total thermal loss coefficient. The blue core coating can effectively improve the performance of solar flat-plate collectors.
Investigations of Wetting Properties of Stainless Steel by Molten Multi-Component Oxides
Authors: Wang Jin , Matsuda Nozomu , Shinozaki Nobuya , Era Hidenori , Shiraishi Takanobu
Published: May 2013

The wettability between molten impregnating materials and thermal spray coatings is an important factor in post-treatment process of porous coatings. Here, we present the study of wetting behavior of stainless steel substrates by multi-component oxides, using the sessile drop method. The multi-component oxides was mainly composed by SiO2 and Al2O3 and also with a little K2O, Na2O etc. At 1273K and 1353K, we found that the contact angles stabilized at around 45° and 75° respectively. The micro-observation confirmed that the evaporation of alkali metal oxides become a leading position in molten multi-component oxides evaporation at 1353K. As a result, the rupture of NaO and KO bonds will occur and lattice network structure of multi-component oxides reconstruct at excessively high temperature, leading the molten oxides to a higher viscosity and poorer wettability. As the basic researches, this paper also provide a theoretical basis for the deeply study on the post penetration treatment.
Effect of Secondary Cooling on Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Strips Produced by Twin-Roll Casting Process
Authors: Zhang Ting , Zhang Xiao Ming , Guo Zhi Yuan , Wang Yu Qian , Li Cheng Gang
Published: May 2013

Effect of secondary cooling on non-oriented electrical steel strips was investigated. The 2.0 mm thick cast strips contain two compositions were produced by twin-roll casting process, cooled in the air or cooled by spraying water. The microstructure was observed by optical microscopy, and EBSD was used to characterize the texture of the cast strips. The results showed that air-cooling cast strips have uniform and equiaxed grains with average size of 250 μm. The microstructure of the water-spraying cast strips compose of most equiaxed grains and a small number of abnormal big grains. At the same time, the secondary cooling rate mildly affects the cast texture strength but has no influence on the texture type.
A Study of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of C-Si-Mn Hot Rolled Dual Phase Steel
Authors: Sun Bin Bin , Jia Zhi Wei
Published: May 2013

The effects of the microstructure properties on the mechanical properties of C-Si-Mn hot rolled dual phase steel are reported. It was observed that both the amounts of the martensite and the particle size of the ferrite significantly influence the mechanical properties of hot rolled dual phase steel. The aim of our works is to develop a modeling method for controlling the microstructure properties of C-Si-Mn hot rolled dual phase steel through the experimental trend comparison of the aforementioned two factors on their mechanical properties.
Analysis on Structure of Radial-Axial Ring Rolling Experimental Equipment by FEM
Authors: Tan Yu Long , Wang Qiang , Han Shuang Hui , He Fang
Published: May 2013

The FEM model of radial-axial ring rolling experimental equipment was established by using ANSYS through processing contact, constraints and loads. The structure stiffness and strength of both radial rolling system and axial rolling system were analyzed based on the analyses of distributions of Von Misese stress, equivalent strain and deformation. It is shown that both the two systems will be within the safe range without any plastic deformation during ring rolling process, and their stiffness is also satisfied with design requirement, which proves the successful design of the radial-axial ring rolling experimental equipment.
Design and Analysis of the Low-Speed Hydraulic Control System of 3.15MN Forging Press
Authors: Li Yi Bo , Huang Ming Hui , Pan Qing , Chen Min
Published: May 2013

A low speed hydraulic control system applying to 3.15MN forging press isdesigned for isothermal forging processes. Based on the hydraulic theory andthe system structure, both the mathematical model and the simulation model ofthe hydraulic press are established with its features discussed. PID controlmethod is adopted and genetic algorithm is used to automatically tune theparameters of the controller to deal with nonlinearity and time-variant of thecontrolled plant. Co-simulation of the control system and hydraulic system isestablished to verify the feasibility of the design. It is proved by anisothermal forging of a turbine disc that the system has good performances andcan achieve an ultra speed control in the end.
Effect of Lubrications on Quick Plastic Forming Behavior of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang Jian Long , Zhang Zhi Peng , Yao Shen Jie
Published: May 2013

Lubrication plays important role in Quick Plastic Forming (QPF). Friction coefficient between AZ31B magnesium alloy and the die steel was examined by ring upsetting tests at 400°C with no lubrication, boron nitride (BN), graphite and molybdenum disulfide respectively. The effect of the four lubrication conditions on bulging height and wall thickness distribution of conical, rectangular and cylinder components in QPF within 300s was investigated. Macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the formed part surface in the four conditions was observed.
Hot Stamping and Blank Designing for a Vehicle Bumper Using Ultra High Strength Steel (UHSS)
Authors: Gui Zhong Xiang , Zhang Yi Sheng , Li Hong Qing , Ma Ming Tu
Published: May 2013

Full-scaled hot stamping dies were designed for a vehicle bumper, based on evaluation of cooling system by FE simulation and the temperature variation assessment by analytical model. The blank shape was gained using inverse algorithm and well-designed according to production practice. Experiments were conducted to verify the reliability of both the die and blank design, as well as tests for microstructure and mechanical properties of the hot-stamped part. Results show that, CAE analysis provides a robust support for hot stamping die and blank design; Position stability of hot blank is greatly improved during robotic transport process after shape designing; Metallographic analysis demonstrates the hot-stamped bumper obtained a fully martensitic microstructure, its tensile strength is about 1550 MPa, microhardness is 47.5 HRC, and the elongation is up to 6%.
Study on Design Parameters of Strip Wound Prestressed Die Based on Fatigue Theory
Authors: Chen Kong Jun , Wang Qiang , He Fang
Published: May 2013

By referring to the mathematical model to design strip wound die based on fatigue theory which was already established by the authors, the design method is put forwards and the software is developed by using C language, in order to determine the design parameters such as winding prestress, winding layers and winding tension. Investigations into the influence of design parameters on die performance were conducted by employ orthogonal test method. According to the calculations, the order of design parameters can be concluded: firstly, allowable safety factor named [n]; secondly, friction coefficient named f; thirdly, thickness of strip named t. The most important factor is allowable safety factor named [n].
Study on Texture of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy Induced by Multi-Axial Forging
Authors: Deng Zi Yu , Chen Xian Gang , Cui Jian Zhong
Published: May 2013

The texture of as-cast AZ80 magnesium alloy after multi-axial forging processes was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that, the first cycle induced two groups of texture forming, which had certain angles to the elongated direction and had high strength surface texture in specimen. However, after the second process, dynamic recrystallization occurred and majority of tensile twins developed, which made a small deflection on basal plane, and the orientation of the texture of basal plane changed. It resulted in the texture intensity decrease. The weak texture formed during multi-axial forging process is different from that formed during extrusion, rolling and other processes significantly.This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.
Development of Intelligent Control of Optimum Parameters in Deep Drawing of Sheet Metal Using Genetic Algorithm and Finite Element Methods
Authors: Bernai-Aguilar Yudiesky , Urama Richard , Marty-Delgado Jose R. , Celestine N. Okoye
Published: May 2013

The main purpose of this work is to develop an intellectualized control technique on the deep drawing of rectangular pan made of AISI 304 DDQ stainless steel using genetic algorithm and finite element methods. These control methods are employed in order to investigate the most significant parameters in sheet metal forming process such as drawing force, with a view of optimizing these parameters. The genetic algorithm is used for the optimization purpose to minimize the force of the deep drawing process and to investigate the roles of other parameters. Experimental results show that these combinations of control system can cover a wide range of both materials and influential forming parameters automatically. The results further confirm that the developed system is effective and valid alternative for quick responsible control system with high flexibility.
Effects of Mandrel Structure on Ring Rolling Process for Large-Scale T-Sectioned Ring with Numerical Simulation
Authors: Zhou Ping Zhen , Zhang Li Wen , Gu Sen Dong , Duan Hong Tao , Teng Li Hong
Published: May 2013

The process parameters including the mandrel structure of radial-axial ring rolling is in close relationship with the forming defects such as over-high axial spread and the folding defect in the connecting part of the big and small ring. In this paper, a 3D rigid-plastic and coupled thermal-mechanical finite-element model (FEM) of radial-axial ring rolling for large-scale T-sectioned ring was developed using commercial software of DEFORM-3D. By changing the chamfer radius of mandrel's work roll, the effects of mandrel structure on the height of axial spread which considerably affects the stability of the ring rolling process were investigated. The folding defect was also simulated. The numerical simulation results showed that with the decrement of the chamfer radius r, the metal increasingly accumulated in the big ring and the axial spread height increased. Consequently, the ring rolling process became unstable. Also, the folding angle augmented.
Effects of Process Parameters on Wall Thinning Ratio during One Pass Hot Power Backward Spinning for 7075 Cast Aluminium Alloy Tube
Authors: Zhao Gang Yao , Zhang Ran Yang , Fang Ping
Published: May 2013

To obtain the effects of parameters on wall thinning ratio of 7075 cast aluminium alloy tube in one pass hot power backward spinning accurately, a method to accurately describe the wall thinning ratio of the spun tube has been proposed. Combined with the FE analysis, the change regularities of the wall thinning ratio with the variation of process parameters were obtained. The results show that wall thinning ratio increases gradually firstly, and then tends to a stable value with the increase of preheating temperature. With roller feed rate increasing, wall thinning ratio increases firstly, and then decreases. The wall thinning ratio increases gradually with the increase of roller fillets radius, but the trend becomes larger.
Finite Element Analysis for 40 MN Die Forging Press
Authors: He Wen Bin , Zeng Pan , Lin Feng
Published: May 2013

40 MN multi-cored die forging press is a bi-directional loading press machine designed by Tsinghua University. The main frame is made by combination of multi-components through bumpy-ridge contact face and wound steel wire, which will supply a solidity support to bi-directional working load, i.e., the vertical and horizontal. Due to combination of multi-components (blocks), the main frame must be wound by the tensioned steel wire, which will endure a strong pre-stress. When die forging press works, the complex loading cases will appear,for instance, the vertical and horizontal loading, the compound and the eccentric loading. This paper addresses whole finite element analysis of 40 MN die forging press in various cases. Especial attention is paid to stress, displacement and safety coefficient on bumpy-ridge contact face of main frame.
Numerical Simulation on Collision and Aggregation Process of Al2O3 Inclusions with Different Morphology Characteristics
Authors: Wang Yao , Li Hong , Guo Luo Fang
Published: May 2013

In this paper, firstly, the morphology characteristics of aggregated Al2O3 inclusion were quantitatively described by fractal dimension and hydrodynamic radius. Then, a general collision-agglomeration model was established to describe the collision and agglomeration process of Al2O3 inclusions with different morphology characteristics. The results showed that: in the collision and agglomeration process of Al2O3 inclusions with different morphology characteristics, the number density of monomer inclusion decreases with time, but that of new aggregated inclusions, firstly increases to the maximum value, then decreases sharply; the smaller the fractal dimension of new aggregated inclusion, the more rapid decrease of number density of monomer inclusion and the larger agglomeration rate of new aggregated inclusions. so in order to accelerate the removal rate of micro inclusion particles, it is a viable way that keeping the fractal dimension of new aggregated inclusions at an appropriate value, not too small.
Use of Acoustic Energy in Sand Casting of Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Puga Hélder , Barbosa Joaquim , Oliveira Joana
Published: May 2013

During the last years, some researchers have focused the development of ultrasonic microstructure refinement /modification techniques of die-casting aluminium alloys, to improve their properties. The developed techniques are highly efficient when applied to the die-casting process, but their capability with sand and ceramic moulding are unknown.
Sand/ceramic aluminium castings are prone to coarse microstructure, porosities and inclusions due to low cooling rates and turbulent gravity pouring, and suitable processing techniques are required to eliminate those drawbacks. This article reports some results of a research work aiming the development of a reliable, low-cost and environmentally friend casting process, for geometrically complex and massive high strength sand/ceramic aluminium castings, to eliminate traditional soundness related defects and simultaneously promote the development of refined microstructures. The article presents the effect of applying ultrasound to AlSi9Cu3 alloy during solidification on a sand mould on the resultant microstructure. Results include microstructure characterization and its relationship with thermal analysis data collected from the center of the cast samples during cooling.