bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Massive Parallel Generation of Physical Random Bits Using Weak-Resonant-Cavity Fabry-Perot Laser Diodes
Authors: Wang Yongbo , Tang Xi , Wu Zhengmao , Wu Jiagui , Xia Guangqiong
Published: August 2024

We experimentally demonstrate a scheme for generating massively parallel and real-time physical random bits (PRBs) by using weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diodes (WRC-FPLDs) with optical feedback. By using external optical feedback to modify the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the longitudinal modes in WRC-FPLDs, the chaotic behavior of each channel can be induced under suitable feedback strength. By filtering these longitudinal modes, a real-time PRBs at 10 Gbits/s can be generated by using field programmable gate array (FPGA) board for the real-time post-processing of a single-channel chaotic signal. Considering the presence of up to 70 longitudinal modes within a broad spectral range exceeding 40 nm, each of these modes can be used to extract chaotic time sequences for random number generation. Therefore, our PRB generation scheme has the potential to achieve a data throughput of over 700 Gbits/s.
Special Issue on “Drying Kinetics and Quality Control in Food Processing”
Authors: Yoon Won Byong
Published: August 2024

The study of drying kinetics and quality control in food processing is critical for enhancing food preservation and safety [...]
An Efficient and Accurate Quality Inspection Model for Steel Scraps Based on Dense Small-Target Detection
Authors: Xiao Pengcheng , Wang Chao , Zhu Liguang , Xu Wenguang , Jin Yuxin , Zhu Rong
Published: August 2024

Scrap steel serves as the primary alternative raw material to iron ore, exerting a significant impact on production costs for steel enterprises. With the annual growth in scrap resources, concerns regarding traditional manual inspection methods, including issues of fairness and safety, gain increasing prominence. Enhancing scrap inspection processes through digital technology is imperative. In response to these concerns, we developed CNIL-Net, a scrap-quality inspection network model based on object detection, and trained and validated it using images obtained during the scrap inspection process. Initially, we deployed a multi-camera integrated system at a steel plant for acquiring scrap images of diverse types, which were subsequently annotated and employed for constructing an enhanced scrap dataset. Then, we enhanced the YOLOv5 model to improve the detection of small-target scraps in inspection scenarios. This was achieved by adding a small-object detection layer (P2) and streamlining the model through the removal of detection layer P5, resulting in the development of a novel three-layer detection network structure termed the Improved Layer (IL) model. A Coordinate Attention mechanism was incorporated into the network to dynamically learn feature weights from various positions, thereby improving the discernment of scrap features. Substituting the traditional non-maximum suppression algorithm (NMS) with Soft-NMS enhanced detection accuracy in dense and overlapping scrap scenarios, thereby mitigating instances of missed detections. Finally, the model underwent training and validation utilizing the augmented dataset of scraps. Throughout this phase, assessments encompassed metrics like mAP, number of network layers, parameters, and inference duration. Experimental findings illustrate that the developed CNIL-Net scrap-quality inspection network model boosted the average precision across all categories from 88.8% to 96.5%. Compared to manual inspection, it demonstrates notable advantages in accuracy and detection speed, rendering it well suited for real-world deployment and addressing issues in scrap inspection like real-time processing and fairness.
The Pore Structure Multifractal Evolution of Vibration-Affected Tectonic Coal and the Gas Diffusion Response Characteristics
Authors: Shen Maoliang , Huo Zhonggang , Shu Longyong , Li Qixian , Zhang Pengxin , Wang Weihua
Published: August 2024

Vibrations caused by downhole operations often induce coal and gas outburst accidents in tectonic zone coal seams. To clarify how vibration affects the pore structure, gas desorption, and diffusion capacity of tectonic coal, isothermal adsorption-desorption experiments under different vibration frequencies were carried out. In this study, high-pressure mercury intrusion experiments and low-pressure liquid nitrogen adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the pore structures of tectonic coal before and after vibration. The pore distribution of vibration-affected tectonic coal, including local concentration, heterogeneity, and connectivity, was analyzed using multifractal theory. Further, a correlation analysis was performed between the desorption diffusion characteristic parameters and the pore fractal characteristic parameters to derive the intrinsic relationship between the pore fractal evolution characteristics and the desorption diffusion characteristics. The results showed that the vibration increased the pore volume of the tectonic coal, and the pore volume increased as the vibration frequency increased in the 50 Hz range. The pore structure of the vibration-affected tectonic coal showed multifractal characteristics, and the multifractal parameters affected the gas desorption and diffusion capacity by reflecting the density, uniformity, and connectivity of the pore distribution in the coal. The increases in the desorption amount (Q), initial desorption velocity (V0), initial diffusion coefficient (D0), and initial effective diffusion coefficient (De) of the tectonic coal due to vibration indicated that the gas desorption and diffusion capacity of the tectonic coal were improved at the initial desorption stage. Q, V0, D0, and De had significant positive correlations with pore volume and the Hurst index, and V0, D0, and De had negative correlations with the Hausdorff dimension. To a certain extent, vibration reduced the local density regarding the pore distribution in the coal. As a result, the pore size distribution was more uniform, and the pore connectivity was improved, thereby enhancing the gas desorption and diffusion capacity of the coal.
Model Predictive Control for Level Control of a Conical Tank
Authors: Montaluisa Karina , Vargas Luis , Llanos Jacqueline , Velasco Paola
Published: August 2024

Conical tanks have a high application rate in industrial processes, especially in colloidal mills, chemical processes, and food processing. The use of conical tanks presents significant benefits because they contribute to sedimentation and reduce the accumulation of impurities compared to conventional cylindrical tanks. However, level control of a conical tank due to its shape requires advanced strategies to guarantee efficient control. In this research, a model predictive control (MPC) method was designed and implemented for the level control of a conical tank on a laboratory scale. To evaluate the performance of the controller, it was compared with a traditional proportional–integral (PI) controller, and the rise time, settling time, overshoot, and error in the steady state were analyzed when different set point changes were tested. In addition, the system was subjected to disturbances, and the MPC demonstrated better performance in a transient state, as well as smooth and stable action controls that allowed for an increase in the useful life of the actuator. In addition, an interactive graphical interface was developed that allowed a dynamic response in a real plant to be experienced; this provides an academic tool for designing control strategies before implementation in a real process.
Computational Fluid Dynamics, Transport, and Chemical Kinetics-Based Monolith Catalyst Dimensioning Methodology for Cost-Effective Performance
Authors: Voglar Jure , Pavlišič Andraž , Likozar Blaž
Published: August 2024

The newly developed computational fluid dynamics, transport, and chemical kinetics-based monolith catalyst dimensioning methodology consists of the following steps: (i) initial calculations, which generate some of the data, e.g., average inlet fluid velocity used in the (ii) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling, which uses the laminar flow interface and the transport of diluted species interface while the user has to provide the kinetics of the reactions; (iii) the model order reduction uses a modified version of the plug flow reactor model and the linear pressure variation model; and (iv) the dimensioning optimization algorithm extracts the optimal monolith catalyst’s channel geometry, which satisfies the user’s performance constraints and reduces material consumption. Therefore, the methodology enables chemical engineers to quickly and efficiently design and dimension monolith catalysts for many different applications in an environmentally friendly way, which enables them to reduce both the material and operating costs while maintaining sufficient catalyst performance and, therefore, achieve its cost-effective performance.
EPR Correlations Using Quaternion Spin
Authors: Sanctuary Bryan
Published: August 2024

We present a statistical simulation replicating the correlation observed in EPR coincidence experiments without needing non-local connectivity. We define spin coherence as a spin attribute that complements polarization by being anti-symmetric and generating helicity. Point particle spin becomes structured with two orthogonal magnetic moments, each with a spin of 12—these moments couple in free flight to create a spin-1 boson. Depending on its orientation in the field, when it encounters a filter, it either decouples into two independent fermion spins of 12, or it remains a boson and precedes without decoupling. The only variable in this study is the angle that orients a spin on the Bloch sphere, first identified in the 1920s. There are no hidden variables. The new features introduced in this work result from changing the spin symmetry from SU(2) to the quaternion group, Q8, which complexifies the Dirac field. The transition from a free-flight boson to a measured fermion causes the observed violation of Bell’s Inequalities and resolves the EPR paradox.
Flawed Sainthood in Popular Culture: Maradona’s Culture of Commemoration in Naples
Authors: Asavei Maria Alina
Published: August 2024

There is currently a certain pressure from various mnemonic communities, animated by vernacular interests, to canonize new saints within what is regarded as the flawed saints’ cultural-political movement. Among these new, uncanonized saints, whose memory is commemorated unofficially in various cultural-political registers, there is also the football star Diego Armando Maradona, called by his millions of fans “the Hand of God” (La Mano de Dios). The commemorative culture that thrived around Maradona’s persona—materialized in artefacts, shrines, icon-like paintings, prints, graffiti, stencils, and other memorabilia—do not fit the customary narratives of sainthood, nor to the display and content of the recently inaugurated (2023) memorial to the new martyrs of both the 20th and 21st centuries at Saint Bartholomew Basilica in Rome. The article argues that the commemoration of Maradona by his fans in Italy, Argentina, and worldwide is enacted in pop culture formats aimed at addressing different sets of contemporary mnemonic and spiritual needs. The aim is to offer a fresh conceptual engagement with the contemporary cultural-political phenomenon of “flawed saints” commemoration through the lens of contemporary popular culture, taking the culture of commemoration of Diego Maradona as a case study.
Uncovering the Impact of Digitalization on the Performance of Insurance Distribution
Authors: Köhne Thomas , Köhne Marija
Published: August 2024

This study explores the impact of digitalization on the performance of insurance intermediaries, who still play a key role in the revenue generation of insurance companies. By using an interdisciplinary approach, this study is the first to examine the extent and type of digital technologies used by intermediaries, their impact on performance with respect to revenue, productivity, and interaction with clients, and the role of digital stress in this context. The research is exploratory, which is why a research model with many variables and relationships between them was built. The quantitative multivariate method of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied as it allows the simultaneous estimation of models with multiple dependent variables and their interconnections. In this context, data collected in 2022 from 671 insurance intermediaries from Germany, whose demographic distribution in the sample is representative of the German insurance market, were analyzed. The findings show that insurance intermediaries use many digital technologies compared to other industries, particularly those that create added value in their daily work. Empirical evidence also showed that using digital technologies positively affects performance but induces perceived digital stress. As this study reveals, the latter diminishes the positive effects on performance. Technology optimism, technological skills, and organizational support reduce the severity of stress. This means that insurers can start here to support intermediaries to mitigate the performance-limiting effects. This study adds to the insurance literature by providing a broader understanding of how insurance intermediaries deal with digitalization and what it means for their performance.
Effects of Caffeine Doses on Rumen Fermentation Profile and Nutrient Digestibility Using a Lactating Cow Diet under Continuous Cultures Conditions
Authors: Toledo Mónica , Hussein Saad M. , Peña Manuel , Aguerre Matias J. , Bridges William , Lascano Gustavo J.
Published: August 2024

Caffeine is a plant secondary metabolite, commonly known for its bioactivity properties. This molecule increases microbial activity during anaerobic digestion. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of caffeine doses on the rumen fermentation profile and nutrient digestibility when continuous culture fermenters were fed a lactating cow’s diet. We hypothesize that adding caffeine doses into continuous culture fermenters with a rumen fluid inoculum will not affect anaerobic fermentation or nutrient utilization. Fermenters were fed twice a day (at 0800 and 2000 h) with an experimental diet of high-producing dairy cows (53.55 g/DM day; Forage:Concentrate ratio, F:C of 40:60). Four levels of caffeine (0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm) were added to the diets as a treatment. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design. Two blocks of four fermenters were run in two replicated periods of ten days. Statistical analyses were conducted in SAS version 9.4 for Windows (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) using the GLIMMIX procedure. The addition of caffeine at a 50 ppm dose on continuous culture fermentation decreased the protozoal counts (Diplodinium spp.) (p = 0.03) and ammonia concentrations (p < 0.05). A treatment of 50 ppm of caffeine increased the DM, OM, and starch digestibility (p < 0.05). When caffeine doses increased further than 50 ppm, the OM, DM, and starch digestibility decreased linearly (p = 0.01). The total volatile fatty acids and fatty acid proportions were unaffected. However, the acetate-to-propionate ratio (A:P) tended to decrease linearly among treatments (p = 0.07). The means of pH measurements and maximum pH had a significantly linear decrease effect (p < 0.01). Caffeine may represent a potential rumen fermentation modifier for use in lactating cow diets.
Using the MAPS-Global Audit Tool to Assess the Influence of Microscale Built-Environment Attributes Related to Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Spanish Youth
Authors: Terrón-Pérez Marta , Molina-García Javier , Santainés-Borredá Elena , Estevan Isaac , Queralt Ana
Published: August 2024

Environmental factors have been identified as having a direct relationship with physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior. The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between microscale built-environment attributes and the levels of PA and sedentary behavior in young people. This study included 465 adolescents (55% girls) between 14 and 18 years from Valencia, Spain. Accelerometers and self-reported questionnaires were used to measure PA, including active commuting, and sedentary behavior, and the MAPS (Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes)-Global tool was used for microscale variables. Mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis. Higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous activity were identified when more positive elements were found in the street characteristics. Greater active commuting in the neighborhood had a positive relationship not only with more positive elements of land use and destinations but also with the overall score of the MAPS-Global tool. The sedentary levels were higher when higher levels of negative aesthetics and social characteristics were identified, and the participants were less sedentary when more bike facilities were observed. The main results of this study provide us with evidence of the relationship between the microscale variables of the built environment and both PA and sedentary behavior.
Exploring the Influence of Thai Government Policy Perceptions on Electric Vehicle Adoption: A Measurement Model and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Chonsalasin Dissakoon , Champahom Thanapong , Jomnonkwao Sajjakaj , Karoonsoontawong Ampol , Runkawee Norarat , Ratanavaraha Vatanavongs
Published: August 2024

This study explores the influence of Thai government policy perceptions on the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). Transitioning to EVs is vital for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change, aligning with global sustainability goals. This study addresses gaps in understanding how multidimensional perceptions of government policies influence EV adoption intentions in emerging markets, particularly in Thailand. A questionnaire was distributed to 3770 respondents across Thailand between January and March 2024. The survey assessed multiple dimensions of government policy, including commitment and efficiency, welfare, communication, policy effectiveness, and tax benefits. Using statistical techniques such as Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM), this study validated the constructs of government support perception and examined their influence on EV adoption intentions. The findings highlight that tangible government policies, particularly those improving EV infrastructure and providing clear regulatory support, alongside effective communication about these policies, significantly influence public willingness to adopt EVs. The results also emphasize the critical role of perceived government commitment and fiscal incentives in shaping consumer decisions. Based on these insights, this study recommends prioritizing the expansion of EV infrastructure, enhancing the visibility of government commitment, and improving direct financial incentives to accelerate EV adoption. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on EV adoption in emerging markets and offer practical implications for policymakers seeking to promote sustainable transportation solutions.
The Effect of Manure Application Rates on the Vertical Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Farmland Soil
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Yang Liqiong , Liu Weipeng , Zhuang Jie
Published: August 2024

Manure application is the primary input route for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in farmland soil. This study investigated the effects of varying the rates of five chicken manure applications on the accumulation and distribution of ARGs across different soil depths (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) using metagenomic sequencing. The results revealed that the distribution of ARGs in farmland soil was closely linked to soil depth and influenced to some extent by the fertilizer quantity after 30 days of fertilization. ARGs were predominantly concentrated in the surface soil and exhibited a significant decrease in type and abundance with an increased soil depth. Compared with soil treated with chemical fertilizers alone, chicken manure-treated surface soil presented a higher diversity and abundance of ARGs. However, the diversity and abundance of ARGs did not increase proportionally with the increasing ratios of chicken manure application (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). ARGs in soil primarily conferred resistance to host bacteria through antibiotic efflux pumps (~33%), antibiotic target alteration (~31%), antibiotic inactivation (~20%), and antibiotic target protection (~8%). Correlation analysis involving ARGs and soil microorganisms revealed widespread multidrug resistance among soil microorganisms. Furthermore, two genera of human pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. and Listeria sp.) were identified as potential microbial hosts of ARGs in all treatments. Correlation analysis involving ARGs and environmental factors indicated that soil ARGs are predominantly influenced by heavy metals and microorganisms. This paper offers valuable insights for environmental risk assessments regarding the utilization of livestock manure resources. Additionally, it furnishes a scientific foundation for farmland application strategies pertaining to livestock manure.
UP150 Project: A Longitudinal Analysis of Active Lifestyles in the Complex Working System
Authors: Signorini Gabriele , Scurati Raffaele , Bosio Andrea , D’Angelo Chiara , Benedini Stefano , Tringali Cristina , Magaldi Emanuele , Rigon Marta , Invernizzi Pietro Luigi
Published: August 2024

Workplaces cause employees to adopt sedentary behaviors for most of their daytime, negatively impacting psychophysical health. A new office concept (UP150) was designed to reduce sedentary behaviors at work through architectural changes, proactive technologies, and wellness coaches (education to active lifestyles). The present study examined the effects of the UP150 concept, previously investigated in dedicated workspaces, with a 12-month longitudinal trial in a real worksite environment. Forty-eight desk workers comprised the experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups. All participants worked in the same working environment, having the UP150 features inserted in a usual working environment, but the CG was not allowed to interact with the UP150 specifics. During the experimental year, physical (physical activity, motor efficiency, and anthropometric features), clinical (metabolic parameters and cognitive-capacity-related parameters), and psychological (well-being and discomfort, job social and psychological perceptions, and perceived workload) features were assessed. The prolonged application of the UP150 procedure in a mixed working context for involvement in corporate policies positively affected EG workers’ physical (physical activity and motor efficiency increased, and body fat unchanged), clinical (blood glucose, insulin, and total cholesterol decreased; HDL increased), and psychological (well-being and social support raised; job demand and perceived workload lowered) parameters, confirming the previous studies.
Improvement of Jet Lag and Travel Fatigue Symptoms and Their Association with Prior International Travel Experience in Junior Athletes
Authors: Tsukahara Yuka , Kamada Hiroshi , Torii Suguru , Yamasawa Fumihiro
Published: August 2024

Jet lag and travel fatigue can occur after crossing multiple time zones in a short period of time, possibly affecting various aspects of an athlete’s behavior. However, there are few studies regarding this issue, particularly considering junior athletes. This study aimed to investigate and quantify the symptoms of jet lag and travel fatigue and the factors impacting these conditions. A survey was completed by 41 Japanese junior athletes (21 men and 20 women), competing at an international game in Finland, to assess their performance, sleeping habits, digestion, fatigue, and jet lag on the first day of arrival and on the opening day of the competition. Although athletes awoke less often during sleep on the opening day of the competition compared with the first day, sleep time, ease of falling asleep, and sleep quality decreased significantly. Prior experience traveling abroad for international competitions was positively associated with improvements regarding ease of falling asleep (coefficient = 2.22, p = 0.01), quality of sleep (coefficient = 2.16, p = 0.02), and alertness after waking up (coefficient = 1.85, p = 0.05) by the opening day of the competition when compared with the results for athletes who had no such prior experiences. Junior athletes experience symptoms of jet lag and travel fatigue that may persist until the day of competition, and prior experience traveling abroad may help in alleviating their symptoms.
An Analysis of the Impact of Injury Severity on Incident Clearance Time on Urban Interstates Using a Bivariate Random-Parameter Probit Model
Authors: Rahman M. Ashifur , Moomen Milhan , Khan Waseem Akhtar , Codjoe Julius
Published: August 2024

Incident clearance time (ICT) is impacted by several factors, including crash injury severity. The strategy of most transportation agencies is to allocate more resources and respond promptly when injuries are reported. Such a strategy should result in faster clearance of incidents, given the resources used. However, injury crashes by nature require extra time to attend to and move crash victims while restoring the highway to its capacity. This usually leads to longer incident clearance duration, despite the higher amount of resources used. This finding has been confirmed by previous studies. The implication is that the relationship between ICT and injury severity is complex as well as correlated with the possible presence of unobserved heterogeneity. This study investigated the impact of injury severity on ICT on Louisiana’s urban interstates by adopting a random-parameter bivariate modeling framework that accounts for potential correlation between injury severity and ICT, while also investigating unobserved heterogeneity in the data. The results suggest that there is a correlation between injury severity and ICT. Importantly, it was found that injury severity does not impact ICT in only one way, as suggested by most previous studies. Also, some shared factors were found to impact both injury severity and ICT. These are young drivers, truck and bus crashes, and crashes that occur during daylight. The findings from this study can contribute to an improvement in safety on Louisiana’s interstates while furthering the state’s mobility goals.
Perioperative Benefits of a 3D Printed Spine Biomodel in the Setting of Congenital Scoliosis Surgery
Authors: Perfetti Dean C. , Kisinde Stanley , Belanger Theodore A. , Lieberman Isador H.
Published: August 2024

The spine community is continuously adding to its armamentarium of intraoperative techniques for visualization and instrumentation of the spine. Recently, three-dimensional printed spine models were introduced for use in preoperative planning, surgical simulation, and intraoperative guidance. We present a 14-year old African male with congenital kyphoscoliosis, small stature, an obvious gibbus deformity and coronal imbalance, who underwent a three-staged posterior surgical correction procedure, during which a 3D-printed spine biomodel was utilized for better appreciation of his complex spinal deformity patho-anatomy. During the first stage of the procedure, he developed diminished lower extremity motor strength bilaterally and bowel/bladder control, but, following his third stage procedure and with focused rehabilitation efforts, he has regained full control of his bowel and bladder function, and is able to ambulate and perform activities of daily living independently, albeit still requiring intermittent walking support with a single forearm crutch due to residual left leg weakness. The 3D spine biomodel functioned successfully as a valuable tool and surrogate anatomic blueprint for the surgeons, enabling adequate appreciation of the complex bony anatomy which could not be easily resolved on the conventionally available imaging modalities, intraoperative navigation or robotic platform. Theoretically, up to $2900 USD in savings, translated from the mean estimated time saved per procedure with the use 3D-printed spine models has been proposed in some studies. Therefore, 3D-printed spine models have utility in complex spinal deformity correction surgery.
Study on the Lubrication Performance of Graphene-Based Polyphosphate Lubricants in High-Temperature Steel–Steel Friction Pair
Authors: Mi Kaifu , Ding Qingqing , Xu Xiangru , Lei Yu , Wang Juncheng , Kong Ning
Published: August 2024

In the study, a hybrid lubricant was prepared by introducing graphene into a polyphosphate lubricant. In the tribological test of a steel/steel friction pair at the high temperature of 800 °C, the addition of a small proportion of graphene significantly enhances the lubrication performance of polyphosphate at elevated temperatures. The coefficient of friction and the wear were obviously held down while the surface quality of the high-temperature friction pair was enhanced effectively with the graphene-strengthened polyphosphate lubricant, compared with the dry sliding condition. Through scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy analysis, the formation mechanism of tribofilm and the antiwear performance of the hybrid lubricant are further explained. This lubricant effectively combines the advantages of both; the combination of polyphosphate melted at elevated temperature with graphene and metal surfaces ensures the self-sealing of the friction contact area and brings better high-temperature oxidation resistance. At the same time, the presence of graphene provides excellent strength to the friction film and ensures the anti-wear and wear-resistant performance of the lubricant at high temperatures.
Larval Taxonomy of the Caddisfly Cernotina truncona Ross, 1947 (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae)
Authors: Orfinger Alexander B. , Bui Truc T.
Published: August 2024

The genus Cernotina Ross, 1938 is represented in the southeastern United States by three nominal species: Cernotina calcea Ross, 1938, Cernotina spicata Ross, 1938, and Cernotina truncona Ross, 1947. Of all Cernotina species, only the larva of C. spicata has been described to date. The goal of this paper is to describe, illustrate, and diagnose the larva of C. truncona using ecologically associated specimens. In addition, we used publicly available mitochondrial DNA barcoding data to evaluate the genetic relationships of these species. The larvae of Cernotina truncona can be distinguished from those of C. spicata by differences in setal placement and number on the meso- and metanota, mandibular morphology, head width, and distal setation of the tarsi. The ultrastructure of the anal claw is figured, highlighting the novel finding of small spines on the concave margin of a larva of Cernotina. With this new description, just the second described larva from this genus, only C. calcea remains unknown in the southeastern United States. The information provided herein enables the in-depth study of the ecology and life history of this diminutive caddisfly.
Ultrasound Imaging of Ankle Retinacula: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Pirri Carmelo , Pirri Nina , Macchi Veronica , Porzionato Andrea , De Caro Raffaele , Stecco Carla
Published: August 2024

The retinacula of the ankle are specialized anatomical structures characterized by localized thickenings of the crural fascia that envelop the deep components of the lower leg, ankle and foot. The ankle retinacula include the extensor retinacula, the peroneal retinacula and flexor retinaculum. Despite their potential to explain persistent and unexplained pain following an injury, these structures are often overlooked or incorrectly diagnosed. Hence, this comprehensive review was performed aiming to investigate the use and the methodology of US imaging to assess ankle retinacula. The search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception to May 2024. The MeSH keywords used were as follows: “Ankle Retinacula”, “Foot Retinacula”, “Superior extensor retinaculum”, “Inferior extensor retinaculum”, “peroneal retinaculum”, “superior peroneal retinaculum”, “inferior peroneal retinaculum”, “flexor retinaculum”, “Ultrasound Imaging”, “Ultrasound”, “Ultrasonography” and “Ultrasound examination”. In total, 257 records underwent screening, resulting in 22 studies meeting the criteria for inclusion after the process of revision. Data heterogeneity prevents synthesis and consistent conclusions. The results showed that advanced US imaging holds promise as a crucial tool to perform an US examination of ankle retinacula, offering static and dynamic insights into ankle retinacula pathology. Understanding normal anatomy and US imaging is essential for accurately identifying injuries. Future research should focus on clinical trials to validate parameters and ensure their reliability in clinical practice.
Perinatal Exposure to Glyphosate or a Commercial Formulation Alters Uterine Mechanistic Pathways Associated with Implantation Failure in Rats
Authors: Almirón Ailín , Lorenz Virginia , Varayoud Jorgelina , Durando Milena , Milesi María Mercedes
Published: August 2024

Perinatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) or its active ingredient, glyphosate (Gly), has been demonstrated to increase implantation failure in rats. This study investigates potential mechanisms of action, analyzing uterine preparation towards the receptive state. Pregnant Wistar rats (F0) were treated orally with GBH or Gly (3.8 and 3.9 mg Gly/kg/day, respectively) from gestational day (GD) 9 until weaning. Adult F1 females became pregnant and uterine samples were collected on GD5 (preimplantation period). Histomorphological uterine parameters were assessed. Immunohistochemistry was applied to evaluate cell proliferation and protein expression of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), cell cycle regulators (PTEN, cyclin G1, p27, and IGF1R-α), and the Wnt5a/β-catenin/FOXA2/Lif pathway. Both GBH and Gly females showed increased stromal proliferation, associated with a high expression of ERs. Dysregulation of PTEN and cyclin G1 was also observed in the Gly group. Reduced gland number was observed in both groups, along with decreased expression of Wnt5a/β-catenin/FOXA2/Lif pathway in the glandular epithelium. Overall, GBH and Gly perinatal exposure disrupted intrinsic uterine pathways involved in endometrial proliferation and glandular function, providing a plausible mechanism for glyphosate-induced implantation failure by compromising uterine receptivity. Similar effects between GBH and Gly suggest the active principle mainly drives the adverse outcomes.
Ecological Design for Urban Regeneration in Industrial Metropolitan Areas: The Santa Cruz Refinery Case
Authors: López-Arquillo Juan Diego , Víctor Cano Ciborro , Cristiana Oliveira , José Luis Esteban Penelas , Francisco Domouso de Alba , Mariana Bernice Arteaga Orozco
Published: August 2024

Ecological design is crucial in shaping contemporary, resilient, and livable cities. The Santa Cruz de Tenerife Refinery, a prominent landmark in the Mid-Atlantic, serves as an exemplary case study for understanding advanced metropolitan processes and integrating trans-scalar, transdisciplinary, and nature-based solutions (NBS) practices into urban contexts. This article explores the challenges of transforming obsolete industrial areas, including the refinery’s decommissioning process, its port, and industrial heritage value, and their relationship with the sea, into vibrant urban cores. It examines innovative strategies for land use, decontamination, and urban resilience, which are vital for fostering adaptability and recovery from natural and anthropogenic disasters. By emphasizing the refinery’s connection to Santa Cruz de Tenerife and its metropolitan area, as well as its coastal interface, this study proposes a comprehensive methodology to assess the territorial impacts of urban processes and guide project decisions toward enhancing the quality of life for the region’s residents.
Clinical Features and Vaccination Effects among Children with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Yu-Lung , Chen Pei-Chi , Tsai Yi-Fen , Wei Chi-Hung , Wu Lawrence Shi-Hsin , Hsieh Kai-Sheng , Hsieh Miao-Hsi , Lai Huan-Cheng , Lin Chien-Heng , Lin Hsiao-Chuan , Chen Chieh-Ho , Chen An-Chyi , Lin Hung-Chih , Chou I-Ching , Soong Wen-Jue , Hwang Kao-Pin , Lu Henry Horng-Shing , Pawankar Ruby , Tsai Hui-Ju , Wang Jiu-Yao
Published: August 2024

Background: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) affects patients after recovering from acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study investigates the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on PASC symptoms in children in Taiwan during the Omicron pandemic. Methods: We enrolled children under 18 years with PASC symptoms persisting for more than 4 weeks. Data collected included demographics, clinical information, vaccination status, and symptom persistence. We used logistic regression models to compare symptoms in the acute and post-COVID-19 phases and to assess the association between vaccination and these symptoms. Results: Among 500 PASC children, 292 (58.4%) were vaccinated, 282 (52.8%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 7.6 (4.6) years. Vaccinated individuals exhibited higher odds of experiencing symptoms in the previous acute phase, such as cough (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–2.42), rhinorrhea/nasal congestion (AOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.13–2.67), sneezing (AOR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.02–2.76), sputum production (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.15–3.19), headache/dizziness (AOR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.04–2.87), and muscle soreness (AOR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.13–4.80). In contrast, there were lower odds of experiencing abdominal pain (AOR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.25–0.94) and diarrhea (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.17–0.78) in children who had received vaccination during the post-COVID-19 phase. Conclusions: This study revealed clinical features and vaccination effects in PASC children in Taiwan. Vaccination may reduce some gastrointestinal symptoms in the post-COVID-19 phase.
Correction: Ziemssen et al. Immune Response to Initial and Booster SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Patients Treated with Siponimod—Final Analysis of a Nonrandomized Controlled Clinical Trial (AMA-VACC). Vaccines 2023, 11, 1374
Authors: Ziemssen Tjalf , Groth Marie , Winkelmann Veronika Eva , Bopp Tobias
Published: August 2024

The authors would like to make the following corrections to this published paper [...]
Follicular Immune Landscaping Reveals a Distinct Profile of FOXP3hiCD4hi T Cells in Treated Compared to Untreated HIV
Authors: Georgakis Spiros , Orfanakis Michail , Brenna Cloe , Burgermeister Simon , Del Rio Estrada Perla M. , González-Navarro Mauricio , Torres-Ruiz Fernanda , Reyes-Terán Gustavo , Avila-Rios Santiago , Luna-Villalobos Yara Andrea , Chén Oliver Y. , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Koup Richard A. , Petrovas Constantinos
Published: August 2024

Follicular helper CD4hi T cells (TFH) are a major cellular pool for the maintenance of the HIV reservoir. Therefore, the delineation of the follicular (F)/germinal center (GC) immune landscape will significantly advance our understanding of HIV pathogenesis. We have applied multiplex confocal imaging, in combination with the relevant computational tools, to investigate F/GC in situ immune dynamics in viremic (vir-HIV), antiretroviral-treated (cART HIV) People Living With HIV (PLWH) and compare them to reactive, non-infected controls. Lymph nodes (LNs) from viremic and cART PLWH could be further grouped based on their TFH cell densities in high-TFH and low-TFH subgroups. These subgroups were also characterized by different in situ distributions of PD1hi TFH cells. Furthermore, a significant accumulation of follicular FOXP3hiCD4hi T cells, which were characterized by a low scattering in situ distribution profile and strongly correlated with the cell density of CD8hi T cells, was found in the cART-HIV low-TFH group. An inverse correlation between plasma viral load and LN GrzBhiCD8hi T and CD16hiCD15lo cells was found. Our data reveal the complex GC immune landscaping in HIV infection and suggest that follicular FOXP3hiCD4hi T cells could be negative regulators of TFH cell prevalence in cART-HIV.
Novel Competitive ELISA Utilizing Trimeric Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2, Could Identify More Than RBD-RBM Specific Neutralizing Antibodies in Hybrid Sera
Authors: Eliadis Petros , Mais Annie , Papazisis Alexandros , Loxa Eleni K. , Dimitriadis Alexios , Sarrigeorgiou Ioannis , Backovic Marija , Agallou Maria , Zouridakis Marios , Karagouni Evdokia , Lazaridis Konstantinos , Mamalaki Avgi , Lymberi Peggy
Published: August 2024

Since the initiation of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a need for the development of diagnostic methods to determine the factors implicated in mounting an immune response against the virus. The most promising indicator has been suggested to be neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), which mainly block the interaction between the Spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 and the host entry receptor ACE2. In this study, we aimed to develop and optimize conditions of a competitive ELISA to measure serum neutralizing titer, using a recombinant trimeric Spike protein modified to have six additional proline residues (S(6P)-HexaPro) and h-ACE2. The results of our surrogate Virus Neutralizing Assay (sVNA) were compared against the commercial sVNT (cPass, Nanjing GenScript Biotech Co., Nanjing City, China), using serially diluted sera from vaccinees, and a high correlation of ID50–90 titer values was observed between the two assays. Interestingly, when we tested and compared the neutralizing activity of sera from eleven fully vaccinated individuals who subsequently contracted COVID-19 (hybrid sera), we recorded a moderate correlation between the two assays, while higher sera neutralizing titers were measured with sVNA. Our data indicated that the sVNA, as a more biologically relevant model assay that paired the trimeric S(6P) with ACE2, instead of the isolated RBD-ACE2 pairing cPass test, could identify nAbs other than the RBD-RBM specific ones.
Baseline Gut Microbiota Was Associated with Long-Term Immune Response at One Year Following Three Doses of BNT162b2
Authors: Zhang Li-Na , Tan Jing-Tong , Ng Ho-Yu , Liao Yun-Shi , Zhang Rui-Qi , Chan Kwok-Hung , Hung Ivan Fan-Ngai , Lam Tommy Tsan-Yuk , Cheung Ka-Shing
Published: August 2024

Background: This study explored neutralizing IgG antibody levels against COVID-19 decline over time post-vaccination. We conducted this prospective cohort study to investigate the function of gut microbiota in the host immune response following three doses of BNT162b2. Methods: Subjects who received three doses of BNT162b2 were recruited from three centers in Hong Kong. Blood samples were obtained before the first dose and at the one-year timepoint for IgG ELISA to determine the level of neutralizing antibody (NAb). The primary outcome was a high immune response (NAb > 600 AU/mL). We performed shotgun DNA metagenomic sequencing on baseline fecal samples to identify bacterial species and metabolic pathways associated with high immune response using linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis. Results: A total of 125 subjects were recruited (median age: 52 years [IQR: 46.2–59.0]; male: 43 [34.4%]), and 20 were regarded as low responders at the one-year timepoint. Streptococcus parasanguinis (log10LDA score = 2.38, p = 0.003; relative abundance of 2.97 × 10−5 vs. 0.03%, p = 0.001), Bacteroides stercoris (log10LDA score = 4.29, p = 0.024; relative abundance of 0.14% vs. 2.40%, p = 0.014) and Haemophilus parainfluenzae (log10LDA score = 2.15, p = 0.022; relative abundance of 0.01% vs. 0, p = 0.010) were enriched in low responders. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (log10LDA score = 2.99, p = 0.048; relative abundance of 0.09% vs. 0.36%, p = 0.049) and Clostridium leptum (log10LDA score = 2.38, p = 0.014; relative abundance of 1.2 × 10−5% vs. 0, p = 0.044) were enriched in high responders. S. parasanguinis was negatively correlated with the superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis (log10LDA score = 2.63), which contributes to inflammation and antibody production. H. parainfluenzae was positively correlated with pathways related to anti-inflammatory processes, including the superpathway of histidine, purine, and pyrimidine biosynthesis (log10LDA score = 2.14). Conclusion: Among three-dose BNT162b2 recipients, S. parasanguinis, B. stercoris and H. parainfluenzae were associated with poorer immunogenicity at one year, while B. pseudocatenulatum and C. leptum was associated with a better response.
Urban Air Mobility for Last-Mile Transportation: A Review
Authors: Moradi Nima , Wang Chun , Mafakheri Fereshteh
Published: August 2024

Urban air mobility (UAM) is a revolutionary approach to transportation in densely populated cities. UAM involves using small, highly automated aircraft to transport passengers and goods at lower altitudes within urban and suburban areas, aiming to transform how people and parcels move within these environments. On average, UAM can reduce travel times by 30% to 40% for point-to-point journeys, with even greater reductions of 40% to 50% in major cities in the United States and China, compared to land transport. UAM includes advanced airborne transportation options like electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones). These technologies offer the potential to ease traffic congestion, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and substantially cut travel times in urban areas. Studying the applications of eVTOLs and UAVs in parcel delivery and passenger transportation poses intricate challenges when examined through the lens of operations research (OR). By OR approaches, we mean mathematical programming, models, and solution methods addressing eVTOL- and UAV-aided parcel/people transportation problems. Despite the academic and practical importance, there is no review paper on eVTOL- and UAV-based optimization problems in the UAM sector. The present paper, applying a systematic literature review, develops a classification scheme for these problems, dividing them into routing and scheduling of eVTOLs and UAVs, infrastructure planning, safety and security, and the trade-off between efficiency and sustainability. The OR methodologies and the characteristics of the solution methods proposed for each problem are discussed. Finally, the study gaps and future research directions are presented alongside the concluding remarks.
Mixed Reality in Building Construction Inspection and Monitoring: A Systematic Review
Authors: Anwar Rana Muhammad Irfan , Azhar Salman
Published: August 2024

Mixed reality (MR) technology has the potential to enhance building construction inspection and monitoring processes, improving efficiency, accuracy, and safety. This systematic review intends to investigate the present research status on MR in building construction inspection and monitoring. The review covers existing literature and practical case studies that scrutinize current technologies, their applications, challenges, and future trends in this rapidly evolving field. This article follows a methodology known as Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) to enhance the credibility and reliability of research. The study includes articles published between 2018 and 2023, identified through a comprehensive search of Scopus and Google Scholar databases. Findings indicate that MR technology has the potential to enhance visualization, communication, and collaboration between stakeholders, as well as increase efficiency and accuracy in inspection and monitoring tasks by providing real-time interactable data and quick decision-making among the project team members. The adoption of MR technology in the construction industry will not only boost its effectiveness but also improve its productivity. However, limitations such as high costs, technical issues, and user acceptance pose challenges to the widespread adoption of MR in building construction. Future research should address these limitations and investigate MR’s long-term impact on building construction inspection and monitoring.