bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quercetin Derivatives as Potential Therapeutic Agents: An Updated Perspective on the Treatment of Nicotine-Induced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Alsharairi Naser A.
Published: October 2023

Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, represented by many compounds that exhibit high anticancer properties. Quercetin (Q) and its main derivatives (rutin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin, tamarixetin, rhamnetin, and hyperoside) in the class of flavonols have been documented to exert anticancer activity. Q has been shown to be useful in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as demonstrated by in vitro/in vivo studies, due to its antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenesis, and apoptotic properties. Some flavonoids (flavone, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins) have been demonstrated to be effective in nicotine-induced NSCLC treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms of quercetin derivatives (QDs) in nicotine-induced NSCLC treatment remain unclear. Thus, this review aims to summarize the available literature on the therapeutic effects of QDs in nicotine-induced NSCLC.
Prioritization of Critical Factors for Surveillance of the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Jung Hun , Kim Nam-Hoon , Jang Kyung-Min , Jin Hyeonku , Shin Kyoungmin , Jeong Byeong Chul , Kim Dae-Wi , Lee Sang Hee
Published: October 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the primary opportunistic human pathogen responsible for a range of acute and chronic infections; it poses a significant threat to immunocompromised patients and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for nosocomial infections. Its high resistance to a diverse array of antimicrobial agents presents an urgent health concern. Among the mechanisms contributing to resistance in P. aeruginosa, the horizontal acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via mobile genetic elements (MGEs) has gained recognition as a substantial concern in clinical settings, thus indicating that a comprehensive understanding of ARG dissemination within the species is strongly required for surveillance. Here, two approaches, including a systematic literature analysis and a genome database survey, were employed to gain insights into ARG dissemination. The genome database enabled scrutinizing of all the available sequence information and various attributes of P. aeruginosa isolates, thus providing an extensive understanding of ARG dissemination within the species. By integrating both approaches, with a primary focus on the genome database survey, mobile ARGs that were linked or correlated with MGEs, important sequence types (STs) carrying diverse ARGs, and MGEs responsible for ARG dissemination were identified as critical factors requiring strict surveillance. Although human isolates play a primary role in dissemination, the importance of animal and environmental isolates has also been suggested. In this study, 25 critical mobile ARGs, 45 critical STs, and associated MGEs involved in ARG dissemination within the species, are suggested as critical factors. Surveillance and management of these prioritized factors across the One Health sectors are essential to mitigate the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa in clinical settings.
An AI-Based Framework for Translating American Sign Language to English and Vice Versa
Authors: Avina Vijayendra D. , Amiruzzaman Md , Amiruzzaman Stefanie , Ngo Linh B. , Dewan M. Ali Akber
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we propose a framework to convert American Sign Language (ASL) to English and English to ASL. Within this framework, we use a deep learning model along with the rolling average prediction that captures image frames from videos and classifies the signs from the image frames. The classified frames are then used to construct ASL words and sentences to support people with hearing impairments. We also use the same deep learning model to capture signs from the people with deaf symptoms and convert them into ASL words and English sentences. Based on this framework, we developed a web-based tool to use in real-life application and we also present the tool as a proof of concept. With the evaluation, we found that the deep learning model converts the image signs into ASL words and sentences with high accuracy. The tool was also found to be very useful for people with hearing impairment and deaf symptoms. The main contribution of this work is the design of a system to convert ASL to English and vice versa.
The Association between Birthweight and Use of Cardiovascular Medications: The Role of Health Behaviors
Authors: Mo Minjia , Thiesmeier Robert , Kiwango George , Rausch Christian , Möller Jette , Liang Yajun
Published: October 2023

Background: There is limited evidence on the effect of low birthweight on the use of cardiovascular medications and the role of health behaviors. This study aims to determine the independent effect of low birthweight and its combination with adult health behaviors on the number of dispensed cardiovascular medications. Methods: We included 15618 participants with information on birthweight and self-reported health behaviors. Dispensed cardiovascular medications were identified from the Prescribed Drug Register based on a three-digit level Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification code (C01 to C10 and B01) and categorized into 0, 1, and ≥2 different types of medications. We applied multinomial logistic regression models estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Participants with low birthweight had a higher estimated OR of using ≥2 types of cardiovascular medications (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.06, 2.01). Further, an increased risk for using ≥2 types of cardiovascular medications was found in participants with poor health behaviors for normal (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.80, 2.62) and high (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.29, 2.62) birthweight. The strongest effect on using ≥2 types of cardiovascular medications was found for low birthweight and poor health behaviors (OR = 3.14, 95% CI = 1.80, 5.50). Conclusion: This cohort study provides evidence that low birthweight increases the risk of using more types of cardiovascular medications in adulthood. This study also suggests that ideal health behaviors reduce this risk.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Empirical Slow Pathway Ablation in Pediatric and Adult Patients with Suspected AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
Authors: Telishevska Marta , Lengauer Sarah , Reents Tilko , Kantenwein Verena , Popa Miruna , Bahlke Fabian , Englert Florian , Erhard Nico , Deisenhofer Isabel , Hessling Gabriele
Published: October 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to assess long-term efficacy and safety of empirical slow pathway (ESP) ablation in pediatric and adult patients with a special interest in patients without dual AV nodal physiology (DAVNP). Methods: A retrospective single-center review of patients who underwent ESP ablation between December 2014 and September 2022 was performed. Follow-up included telephone communication, letter questionnaire and outpatient presentation. Recurrence was based on typical symptoms. Results: 115 patients aged 6–81 years (median age 36.3 years, 59.1% female; 26 pts < 18 years) were included. A typical history was present in all patients (100%), an ECG documentation of narrow complex tachycardia in 97 patients (84%). Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 without DAVNP (n = 23), Group 2 with AH jump (n = 30) and Group 3 with AH jump and at least one AV nodal echo beat (n = 62). No permanent AV block was observed. During a median follow-up of 23.6 ± 22.7 months, symptom recurrence occurred in 7/115 patients (6.1%) with no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.73, log-rank test). Symptom recurrence occurred significantly more often in patients without (5/18 patients; 27%) as compared to patients with ECG documentation (2/97 patients; 2.1%; p = 0.025). No correlation between age and success rate was found (p > 0.1). Conclusions: ESP ablation is effective and safe in patients with non-inducible AVNRT. Overall, recurrence of symptoms during long-term follow-up is low, even if no DAVNP is present. Tachycardia documentation before the EP study leads to a significantly lower recurrence rate following ESP ablation.
Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus Have a Dry Eye Phenotype Driven by Low Symptom Burden and Anatomic Abnormalities
Authors: Locatelli Elyana V. T. , Huang Jaxon J. , Mangwani-Mordani Simran , Tovar Vetencourt Arianna A. , Galor Anat
Published: October 2023

Dry eye disease is an umbrella term that includes a variety of symptoms and signs. A link between diabetes mellitus and dry eye disease exists, but the associated phenotype needs further examination. Thus, our aim was to determine how diabetes mellitus relates to the dry eye disease phenotype. A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Miami Veteran Affairs Medical Center ophthalmology clinic between October 2013 and September 2019. Participants included a volunteer sample of 366 South Florida veterans with one or more symptoms or signs of dry eye disease [Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 ≥ 6 OR tear break-up time ≤ 5 OR Schirmer’s test score ≤ 5 OR corneal fluorescein staining ≥ 2]. Participants were divided into three groups: (1) individuals without diabetes mellitus (controls); (2) individuals with diabetes mellitus but without end-organ complications; and (3) individuals with diabetes mellitus and end-organ complications. Dry eye metrics were compared across groups. The main outcome measures included ocular symptom questionnaires [e.g., 5-item Dry Eye Questionnaire, Ocular Surface Disease Index, and ocular pain assessment] and clinical parameters obtained from an ocular surface evaluation. A total of 366 individuals were included (mean age 59 ± 6 years; 89% males; 39% White; 11% diabetes mellitus and end-organ complications; 15% diabetes mellitus but without end-organ complications). Individuals with diabetes mellitus and end-organ complications had lower symptom scores on the dry eye disease and pain-specific questionnaires compared to individuals with diabetes mellitus but without end-organ complications and controls (Ocular Surface Disease Index: 42.1 ± 24.5 vs. 38.9 ± 25.1 vs. 23.6 ± 16.2; p < 0.001; numerical rating scale of ocular pain intensity: 4.9 ± 3.2 vs. 4.3 ± 2.7 vs. 3.5 ± 2.7; p = 0.02). Eyelid laxity was also more severe in the group with diabetes mellitus and end-organ complications (0.69 ± 0.64 vs. 0.73 ± 0.72 vs. 1.08 ± 0.77; p = 0.004) compared to the two other groups. The diabetic dry eye disease phenotype is driven by signs more so than by symptoms, with anatomic eyelid abnormalities being more frequent in individuals with diabetes mellitus and end-organ complications. Given this, ocular surface abnormalities in individuals with DM may be missed if screened by symptoms alone. As such, individuals with DM should undergo a slit lamp examination for signs of ocular surface disease, including anatomic abnormalities.
Two Decades of Liver Transplants for Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Comparative Study of Living Donors vs. Deceased Donor Liver Transplantations
Authors: Medina-Morales Esli , Ismail Mohamed , Barba Bernal Romelia , Abboud Yazan , Sierra Leandro , Marenco-Flores Ana , Goyes Daniela , Saberi Behnam , Patwardhan Vilas , Bonder Alan
Published: October 2023

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) prompts liver transplantation (LT) due to cholestasis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. Despite lower MELD scores, recent studies highlight higher PBC waitlist mortality, intensifying the need for alternative transplantation strategies. Living donor liver transplant (LDLT) has emerged as a solution to the organ shortage. This study compares LDLT and deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) outcomes in PBC patients via retrospective analysis of the UNOS database (2002–2021). Patient survival, graft failure, and predictors were evaluated through Kaplan–Meier and Cox-proportional analyses. Among 3482 DDLTs and 468 LDLTs, LDLT showed superior patient survival (92.3%, 89.1%, 87.6%, 85.0%, 77.2% vs. 91.5%, 88.3%, 86.3%, 82.2%, 71.0%; respectively; p = 0.02) with no significant graft survival difference at 1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, and 10-years post-LT (91.0%, 88.0%, 85.7%, 83.0%, 75.4% vs. 90.5%, 87.4%, 85.3%, 81.3%, 70.0%; respectively; p = 0.06). Compared to DCD, LDLT showed superior patient and graft survival (p < 0.05). Younger male PBC recipients with a high BMI, diabetes, and dialysis history were associated with mortality and graft failure (p < 0.05). Our study showed that LDLT had superior patient survival to DDLT. Predictors of poor post-LT outcomes require further validation studies.
Failure of Non-Invasive Respiratory Support in Patients with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: García-Fernández Juan Javier , Sánchez-Nicolás José Andrés , Galicia-Puyol Sonia , Gil-Rosa Isabel , Guerras-Conesa Juan José , Bernal-Morell Enrique , Cinesi-Gómez César
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The objective of this study is to assess the failure of therapies with HFNO (high-flow nasal oxygen), CPAP, Bilevel, or combined therapy in patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 during their hospitalization. Methods: This was a retrospective and observational study of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients who required non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS) at the Reina Sofía General University Hospital of Murcia between March 2020 and May 2021. Results: Of 7355 patients, 197 (11.8%) were included; 95 of them failed this therapy (48.3%). We found that during hospitalization in the ward, the combined therapy of HFNO and CPAP had an overall lower failure rate and the highest treatment with Bilevel (p = 0.005). In the comparison of failure in therapy without two levels of airway pressure, HFNO, CPAP, and combined therapy of HFNO with CPAP, (35.6% of patients) presented with 24.2% failure, compared to those who had two levels of pressure with Bilevel and combined therapy of HFNO with Bilevel (64.4% of patients), with 75.8% associated failure (OR: 0, 374; CI 95%: 0.203–0.688. p = 0.001). Conclusions: The use of NIRS during conventional hospitalization is safe and effective in patients with respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The therapeutic strategy of Bilevel increases the probability of failure, with the combined therapy strategy of CPAP and HFNO being the most promising option.
Screening for Peripheral Artery Disease Using an Automated Four-Limb Blood Pressure Monitor Equipped with Toe–Brachial Index Measurement
Authors: Fendrik Krisztina , Biró Katalin , Endrei Dóra , Koltai Katalin , Sándor Barbara , Tóth Kálmán , Késmárky Gábor
Published: October 2023

Toe–brachial index (TBI) measurement helps to detect peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients with incompressible ankle arteries due to medial arterial calcification, which is most frequently associated with diabetes. We aimed to evaluate how an automated four-limb blood pressure monitor equipped with TBI measurement could contribute to PAD screening. In 117 patients (mean age 63.2 ± 12.8 years), ankle–brachial index (ABI) measurement was performed using the Doppler-method and the MESI mTablet. TBI was obtained via photoplethysmography (MESI mTablet, SysToe) and a laser Doppler fluxmeter (PeriFlux 5000). Lower limb PAD lesions were evaluated based on vascular imaging. A significant correlation was found between Doppler and MESI ankle–brachial index values (r = 0.672), which was stronger in non-diabetic (r = 0.744) than in diabetic (r = 0.562) patients. At an ABI cut-off of 0.9, Doppler (AUC = 0.888) showed a sensitivity/specificity of 67.1%/97.4%, MESI (AUC 0.891) exhibited a sensitivity/specificity of 57.0%/100%; at a cut-off of 1.0, MESI demonstrated a sensitivity/specificity of 74.7%/94.8%. The TBI values measured using the three devices did not differ significantly (p = 0.33). At a TBI cut-off of 0.7, MESI (AUC = 0.909) revealed a sensitivity/specificity of 92.1%/67.5%. Combining MESI ABI and TBI measurements recognised 92.4% of PAD limbs. Using an ABI cut-off level of 1.0 and sequential TBI measurement increases the sensitivity of the device in detecting PAD. The precise interpretation of the obtained results requires some expertise.
Nanopore Structure and Multifractal Characteristics of Continental Shale Oil Reservoir: A Case Study from Ziliujing Shales in the Sichuan Basin
Authors: Wang Youzhi , Li Wei , Wang Xiandong , Wang Zhiguo , Ma Weiqi , Zhu Yanping , Sun Mengdi , Liu Bo , Cheng Lijuan , Fu Xiaofei
Published: October 2023

Thermal maturity of the shales from the Ziliujing Formation of the Jurassic age in the Sichuan Basin is in the hydrocarbon generation window, which makes it a candidate for shale oil and gas development. The meso- and macropore characteristics and heterogeneity of shales are important factors affecting the occurrence and development of oil and gas. However, the meso- and macropores of the Ziliujing shales have not been systematically studied. Thus, the mineral compositions and total organic carbon (TOC) of samples from this formation, as well as its pore structure, are analyzed by low-temperature N2 adsorption technique. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the pores was determined by multifractal analysis. The results show that the Ziliujing shales can be classified into three types according to the distributions of mineral compositions of carbonate and mixed and argillaceous shales. Results revealed that the smallest meso- and macropore volume (PV), the smallest specific surface area (SSA), and the largest average pore diameter (APD) occur in the carbonate shales. However, the largest PV and SSA and the smallest APD are observed in the argillaceous shales. The porosity of carbonate shales is mainly concentrated between 5 nm and 30 nm. Compared with carbonate shales, the porosity with pore sizes less than 30 nm of mixed and argillaceous shales shows a rapid increase. Furthermore, inorganic minerals are the main factors affecting the pore distributions, while TOC shows a weak effect. Herein, clay minerals significantly increase the mesopore volume and the pore number with a size of less than 30 nm. The Dq-q curves reveal that the meso- and macropore distributions of Ziliujing shales show multifractal behavior, but the multifractal characteristics of pores of various shales are distinctly different. The information dimension D1, the Hurst exponent H, and the width of the right side D0–D10 are key indicators to distinguish the local variations within the pore structure of different types of shales. The carbonate shales have the largest multifractal spectra width and the smallest D1 and H, while the opposite trend is found for the argillaceous shales. Clay minerals reduce the heterogeneity of the meso- and macropore distributions and increase the pore connectivity. Nevertheless, the carbonate minerals exhibit a reverse trend. Finally, it was found that TOC does not impact pore complexity as much. Collectively, this study supports our understanding of the occurrence of shale oil within various reservoir facies, thereby providing a guideline for future explorations in the Ziliujing Formation of the Jurassic age in the Sichuan Basin.
Comparative Genomic Analysis and Metabolic Potential Profiling of a Novel Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium rajendrae (Basidiomycota)
Authors: Wei Jing , Cheng Min , Zhu Jian-fang , Zhang Yilin , Cui Kun , Wang Xuejun , Qi Jianzhao
Published: October 2023

Hericium rajendrae is an emerging species in the genus Hericium with few members. Despite being highly regarded due to its rarity, knowledge about H. rajendrae remains limited. In this study, we sequenced, de novo assembled, and annotated the complete genome of H. rajendrae NPCB A08, isolated from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, China, using the Illumina NovaSeq and Nanopore PromethION technologies. Comparative genomic analysis revealed similarities and differences among the genomes of H. rajendrae, H. erinaceus, and H. coralloides. Phylogenomic analysis revealed the divergence time of the Hericium genus, while transposon analysis revealed evolutionary characteristics of the genus. Gene family variation reflected the expansion and contraction of orthologous genes among Hericium species. Based on genomic bioinformation, we identified the candidate genes associated with the mating system, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Furthermore, metabolite profiling and comparative gene clusters analysis provided strong evidence for the biosynthetic pathway of erinacines in H. rajendrae. This work provides the genome of H. rajendrae for the first time, and enriches the genomic content of the genus Hericium. These findings also facilitate the application of H. rajendrae in complementary drug research and functional food manufacturing, advancing the field of pharmaceutical and functional food production involving H. rajendrae.
Closing the Gap in Proteomic Identification of Histoplasma capsulatum: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Cosio Terenzio , Gaziano Roberta , Fontana Carla , Pistoia Enrico Salvatore , Petruccelli Rosalba , Favaro Marco , Pica Francesca , Minelli Silvia , Bossa Maria Cristina , Altieri Anna , Ombres Domenico , Zarabian Nikkia , D’Agostini Cartesio
Published: October 2023

Histoplasmosis is a globally distributed systemic infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum). This fungus can cause a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, and the diagnosis of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis is often a challenge for clinicians. Although microscopy and culture remain the gold standard diagnostic tests for Histoplasma identification, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a method of microbial identification suitable for the confirmation of dimorphic fungi. However, to our knowledge, there are no entries for H. capsulatum spectra in most commercial databases. In this review, we describe the case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a patient living with HIV admitted to our university hospital that we failed to identify by the MALDI-TOF method due to the limited reference spectrum of the instrument database. Furthermore, we highlight the utility of molecular approaches, such as conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing, as alternative confirmatory tests to MALDI-TOF technology for identifying H. capsulatum from positive cultures. An overview of current evidence and limitations of MALDI-TOF-based characterization of H. capsulatum is also presented.
Differential Outcomes of VATS and Open Surgery in Lung Cancer Patients with Antecedent Oncological Diagnoses
Authors: Tanase Bogdan Cosmin , Burlacu Alin Ionut , Nistor Claudiu Eduard , Horvat Teodor , Oancea Cristian , Marc Monica , Tudorache Emanuela , Manolescu Diana
Published: October 2023

Primary lung cancer is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Patients with a previous oncological history may present with multiple comorbidities, unique clinical features, and unique outcomes after surgical intervention for primary lung cancer. This study aimed to compare the clinical features and outcomes of patients with a previous oncological history who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or open surgery (OS) for primary lung cancer. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 84 patients with a previous oncological history who underwent surgical intervention for primary lung cancer between January 2018 and January 2023. Among them, 55 patients underwent VATS, while 29 patients underwent OS. Demographic and clinical characteristics, perioperative variables, and postoperative outcomes of the two surgical groups were collected and compared. Most of the 84 patients were women (58.4%) with a high smoking prevalence (44.1%) and a median of 32.3 packs-year. The patients’ histories were most predominant for gynecologic cancers (44.4%) and colorectal cancers (18.6%). The results showed that the VATS group had a significantly shorter median hospital stay than the OS group (6.0 days vs. 12.0 days, p-value < 0.001). Additionally, the VATS group had lower incidences of air leaks 24 h post-surgery (12.7% vs. 48.3%, p-value < 0.001) and intractable pain (3.6% vs. 17.2%, p-value = 0.031), as well as significantly lower operative times (270 min vs. 350 min, p-value = 0.046). However, there were no significant differences between the VATS and OS groups in overall survival (log-rank p-value = 0.447). Furthermore, although the 3-month survival was significantly higher in the VATS group (98.2% vs. 79.3%, p-value = 0.003), only one patient from the VATS group (1.8%) and two patients from the OS group (6.9%) were still alive five years after the intervention. In conclusion, VATS is a safe and effective surgical option for patients with a previous oncological history who require surgical intervention for primary lung cancer, with shorter operative times, shorter hospital stays, and lower rates of complications compared to those of OS patients, without compromising oncological outcomes. Nevertheless, both surgical options failed to improve the 5-year survival rate, probably due to the high prevalence of comorbidities and the burden of previous cancer in this population.
A Rank Estimator Approach to Modeling Default Frequencies
Authors: Harju Antti J.
Published: October 2023

This study introduces a non-parametric methodology for estimating expected frequencies of defaults and other credit events. The methodology allows for an independent estimation of a credit-quality variable, referred to as a default rank variable. In a subsequent step, the relationship between the rank variable and the expected default frequency is established. This analysis can be achieved by initially determining the functional dependence between the rank variable and the expected tail default frequencies representing the average default frequencies of entities ranked lower than a given rank value. The expected default frequency can then be derived from a simple linear integral equation. We propose a prototype model for public corporations which establishes generalized logistic function dependencies between the distance-to-default rank variable and the expected default frequencies in the log–log space. This relationship applies to public corporations across different credit rating categories.
Short-Range Localization via Bluetooth Using Machine Learning Techniques for Industrial Production Monitoring
Authors: Di Rienzo Francesco , Madonna Alessandro , Carbonaro Nicola , Tognetti Alessandro , Virdis Antonio , Vallati Carlo
Published: October 2023

Indoor short-range localization is crucial in many Industry 4.0 applications. Production monitoring for assembly lines, for instance, requires fine-grained positioning for parts or goods in order to keep track of the production process and the stations traversed by each product. Due to the unavailability of the Global Positioning System (GPS) for indoor positioning, a different approach is required. In this paper, we propose a specific design for short-range indoor positioning based on the analysis of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of Bluetooth beacons. To this aim, different machine learning techniques are considered and assessed: regressors, Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). A realistic testbed is created to collect data for the training of the models and to assess the performance of each technique. Our analysis highlights the best models and the most convenient and suitable configuration for indoor localization. Finally, the localization accuracy is calculated in the considered use case, i.e., production monitoring. Our results show that the best performance is obtained using the K-Nearest Neighbors technique, which results in a good performance for general localization and in a high level of accuracy, 99%, for industrial production monitoring.
The Long-Lasting Impact of Past Mobility Dependence on Travel Mode Share in a New Neighborhood: The Case of the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea
Authors: Kwon Jae-Hong , Cho Gi-Hyoug
Published: October 2023

Travel behavior researchers have dominantly explored the influence of increase in development densities with mixed pattern of land-uses, and investment in infrastructures related to public transit toward more sustainable-transportation policies. However, little has been known about the long-term interdependencies between people’s decisions on travel behavior and individual biographies relating to residential relocation and habitual behavior over a longer time period. To fill this gap, the present study aims to investigate the long-lasting impact of past travel behavior on current travel behavior after a process of residential relocation. For this purpose, aggregate analysis at a neighborhood level was carried out, focusing on cause-effect relationships between current travel mode share and the size of in-migrants dependent on a certain mode in the past by using Household Travel Surveys (HTS) and Internal Migration Statistics collected during 2006–2015 (10 years). Accordingly, the size of in-migrants who have their pre-determined travel behavior in the past play an important role in explaining the mode share of a neighborhood on the current state. Further, this study attempted to divide the influence of residential relocation from the influence of habitual behavior on travel behavior after residential relocation. The finding suggested that the habitualized travel pattern can affect the travel patterns in the new neighborhood even after separating the effect of self-selection. Specifically, the past dependency on public transportation represented significant influences on the current travel mode share. This study on travel behavior informs consideration of role of habitual qualities during the process of residential relocation.
Crohn’s Disease: Basic Characteristics of the Disease, Diagnostic Methods, the Role of Biomarkers, and Analysis of Metalloproteinases: A Review
Authors: Pasternak Grzegorz , Chrzanowski Grzegorz , Aebisher David , Myśliwiec Angelika , Dynarowicz Klaudia , Bartusik-Aebisher Dorota , Sosna Barbara , Cieślar Grzegorz , Kawczyk-Krupka Aleksandra , Filip Rafał
Published: October 2023

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the ileum and/or large intestine. At the same time, it can also affect any other part of the human body, i.e., from the mouth to the anus. In Crohn’s disease, the physiology and functioning of the epithelial barrier are inhibited due to the correlation of various factors, such as the environment, genetic susceptibility or intestinal microbiota. The symptoms are very troublesome and cause a significant reduction in quality of life, sometimes occurring with paralyzing permanent damage to the digestive tract, requiring enteral or parenteral nutrition throughout life. In order to make a proper and accurate diagnosis, an appropriately selected diagnostic path in a given clinical entity is necessary. Standard diagnostic methods are: laboratory examination, histopathological examination, endoscopic examination, X-ray, computed tomography, ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging. Medical biology and the analysis of metalloproteinases have also proved helpful in diagnosing changes occurring as a result of Crohn’s disease. Here we provide a thorough review of the latest reports on Crohn’s disease and its genetic conditions, symptoms, morphology, diagnosis (including the analysis of Crohn’s disease biomarkers, i.e., metalloproteinases) and treatment.
Discussion on the Differences in Aroma Components in Different Fragrant Rice Varieties during Storage
Authors: Lee Jui-Chia , Yang Kai-Min , Wu Chin-Sheng , Chu Lee-Ping , Jiang Wei-Miao , Chen Hsin-Chun
Published: October 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop in Taiwan, among which fragrant rice is highly regarded for its special aroma when cooked. During the storage of fragrant rice, the aroma components will change, which will affect the aroma quality of fragrant rice. Therefore, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was used in this study, combined with gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, to analyze the difference in the aroma components of Taikeng No. 4 (TK4), Tainung No. 71 (TN71), Kaohsiung No. 147 (KH147), and Taichung No. 194 (TC194) fragrant rice. A total of 28 aroma components were identified in the four varieties of fragrant rice, and the main components were all Nonanal. Among them, TK4 contains a very high content of hydrocarbons, including Tridecane and Dodecane; TN71, KH147, and TC194 contain mainly aldehydes such as Nonanal and Hexanal. During different storage times, the contents of alcohols, monoterpenes, aromatic aldehydes, and furans increased with storage time, while the content of aliphatic aldehydes decreased with storage time. After storage, the fragrant rice samples showed a tendency for the total volatile component content to decrease, with the most pronounced reduction observed in Nonanal content.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation into the Mechanical Behavior of Composite Solid Propellants Subject to Uniaxial Tension
Authors: Wu Chengfeng , Jiang Ming , Lu Yingying , Qu Hongjian , Li Hongyan , Hu Shaoqing
Published: October 2023

To further explore the quasi-static mechanical characteristics of composite solid propellants at low strain rates, an investigation was conducted on the mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of a four-component hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant by means of experiments and numerical simulation. A uniaxial tensile test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization experiment were carried out. A microstructural model, which accurately represents the mesoscopic structure, was developed via the integration of micro-CT scanning and image-processing techniques. The constructed microstructural model was utilized to conduct a numerical simulation of the mechanical behavior. The experimental results demonstrated that the maximum tensile strength increases with increasing strain rate, and the primary cause of propellant failure at low strain rates is the dewetting phenomenon occurring at the interface between the larger particles and the matrix. The maximum tensile strength is 0.48 MPa when the strain rate is 0.00119 s−1, and the maximum tensile strength is 0.37 MPa when the strain rate is 0.000119 s−1. The simulation results indicated a consistent trend in variation when comparing the simulation and experimental curves. This suggested that the established model exhibits a high level of reliability, and provides a promising approach for carrying out microstructural simulations of heterogeneous propellants in future. The mechanical behavior of the propellant can be effectively described by utilizing a mesoscopic finite element model that incorporates the superelastic constitutive model of the matrix and the bilinear cohesive model. This framework facilitates the representation of mesoscopic damage evolution, which consequently provides insights into the damage mechanism. Additionally, the utilization of such models assists in compensating for the limitations of damage evolution characterization experiments.
Shear Bond Strength of Metal and Ceramic Brackets Depending on Etching Protocol in Direct Bonding Technique
Authors: Nawrocka Agnieszka , Nowak Joanna , Sauro Salvatore , Hardan Louis , Bourgi Rim , Lukomska-Szymanska Monika
Published: October 2023

Successful orthodontic therapy, apart from a proper treatment plan, depends on optimal bracket–enamel adhesion. Among numerous factors affecting adhesion, the type of bracket and preparation of the tooth’s surface are crucial. The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic brackets to the enamel’s surface using direct bonding. Forty extracted human premolars were divided into four groups according to the etching method (etch-and-rinse and self-etch) and bracket type. The SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were determined. The ceramic brackets achieved the highest SBS values both in the self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse (ER) protocols. Higher SBS values for ceramic and metallic brackets were found in the ER protocol. In all tested groups, the achieved SBS value was satisfactory to withstand orthodontic and occlusal forces. There was no significant difference in the ARI score between study groups (p = 0.71). The fracture occurred between the bracket base and adhesive material in both types of brackets, which decreased the risk of enamel damage during debonding.
SVD-Based Identification of Parameters of the Discrete-Time Stochastic Systems Models with Multiplicative and Additive Noises Using Metaheuristic Optimization
Authors: Tsyganov Andrey , Tsyganova Yulia
Published: October 2023

The paper addresses a parameter identification problem for discrete-time stochastic systems models with multiplicative and additive noises. Stochastic systems with additive and multiplicative noises are considered when solving many practical problems related to the processing of measurements information. The purpose of this work is to develop a numerically stable gradient-free instrumental method for solving the parameter identification problems for a class of mathematical models described by discrete-time linear stochastic systems with multiplicative and additive noises on the basis of metaheuristic optimization and singular value decomposition. We construct an identification criterion in the form of the negative log-likelihood function based on the values calculated by the newly proposed SVD-based Kalman-type filtering algorithm, taking into account the multiplicative noises in the equations of the state and measurements. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms such as the GA (genetic algorithm) and SA (simulated annealing) are used to minimize the identification criterion. Numerical experiments confirm the validity of the proposed method and its numerical stability compared with the usage of the conventional Kalman-type filtering algorithm.
An Isogeometric Over-Deterministic Method (IG-ODM) to Determine Elastic Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) and T-Stress
Authors: Yakoubi Khadija , Elkhalfi Ahmed , Moustabchir Hassane , El Akkad Abdeslam , Scutaru Maria Luminita , Vlase Sorin
Published: October 2023

In order to examine the significance of Stress Intensity Factor and T-stress (K-T parameters) in modeling pressure-cracked structures, we propose a novel method known as the Isogeometric Over-Deterministic Method IG-ODM. IG-ODM utilizes the computation of stress and displacement fields through Extended Isogeometric Analysis to improve the geometry and enhance the crack. Subsequently, these results are incorporated into the Williams expression, resulting in a set of deterministic equations that can be solved using a common solving method; this particular combination has never been attempted before. IG-ODM enables the computation of stress intensity factor SIF, T-stress, and higher-order parameters in the Williams expansion. To validate the effectiveness of this method, we conducted tests on a single-edge uniaxial-stress-cracked plate and a central uniaxial-stress-cracked plate. The results showed an error ranging from 0.06% to 2%. The obtained results demonstrate accuracy and satisfaction when compared to existing findings.
The Mean Value Theorem in the Context of Generalized Approach to Differentiability
Authors: Koceić-Bilan Nikola , Mirošević Ivančica
Published: October 2023

The article is a natural continuation of the systematic research of the properties of the generalized concept of differentiability for functions with a domain X⊂Rn that is not necessarily open, at points that allow a neighbourhood ray in the domain. In the new context, the well-known Lagrange’s mean value theorem for scalar functions is stated and proved, even for the case when the differential is not unique at all points of the observed segment in the domain. Likewise, it has been proven that its variant is valid for vector functions as well. Additionally, the paper provides a proof of the generalization of the mean value theorem for continuous scalar functions continuously differentiable in the interior of a compact domain.
On Hopf and Fold Bifurcations of Jerk Systems
Authors: Lăzureanu Cristian , Cho Jinyoung
Published: October 2023

In this paper we consider a jerk system x˙=y,y˙=z,z˙=j(x,y,z,α), where j is an arbitrary smooth function and α is a real parameter. Using the derivatives of j at an equilibrium point, we discuss the stability of that point, and we point out some local codim-1 bifurcations. Moreover, we deduce jerk approximate normal forms for the most common fold bifurcations.
Data Assimilation for Agent-Based Models
Authors: Ghorbani Amir , Ghorbani Vahid , Nazari-Heris Morteza , Asadi Somayeh
Published: October 2023

This article presents a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the topic of data assimilation for agent-based models, with a specific emphasis on pedestrians and passengers within the context of transportation systems. This work highlights a plethora of advanced techniques that may have not been previously employed for online pedestrian simulation, and may therefore offer significant value to readers in this domain. Notably, these methods often necessitate a sophisticated understanding of mathematical principles such as linear algebra, probability theory, singular value decomposition, optimization, machine learning, and compressed sensing. Despite this complexity, this article strives to provide a nuanced explanation of these mathematical underpinnings. It is important to acknowledge that the subject matter under study is still in its nascent stages, and as such, it is highly probable that new techniques will emerge in the coming years. One potential avenue for future exploration involves the integration of machine learning with Agent-based Data Assimilation (ABDA, i.e., data assimilation methods used for agent-based models) methods.
Identification of Inhomogeneities: The Selected Coordinate Descent Method Applied in the Drilling Area
Authors: Smaglichenko Tatyana , Smaglichenko Alexander
Published: October 2023

The exploration of inhomogeneities is a crucial factor for industries because of the necessary control of the quality of output products or the check adequacy of the data from the helping information systems. In the energy-conception field, the preliminary study of borehole areas has special importance because it can avoid risks of secure drilling and financial expenses. In this paper, an innovative option of the traditional coordinate descent method called selected coordinate descent, was investigated by collating its fundamentals with other methods used in various industrial branches. A practical application of selected coordinate descent was performed for experimental data of seismic event registration observed in the region of geothermal plants. An explicit formula for the resolution parameter was utilized to distinguish well and poorly resolved anomalies. The inhomogeneities were validated on the basis of a good resolution and comparison with data from other disciplines. The main result of our study is the performance of the algebraic technique application in the reconstruction of large-size structures. The identification of the found seismic inhomogeneities permits us to indicate the sites that are questionable for drilling and to obtain knowledge about the rock types at crucial depths.
Coral Lipids
Authors: Imbs Andrey B. , Dembitsky Valery M.
Published: October 2023

Reef-building corals, recognized as cornerstone species in marine ecosystems, captivate with their unique duality as both symbiotic partners and autotrophic entities. Beyond their ecological prominence, these corals produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, many of which are poised to revolutionize the domains of pharmacology and medicine. This exhaustive review delves deeply into the multifaceted world of coral-derived lipids, highlighting both ubiquitous and rare forms. Within this spectrum, we navigate through a myriad of fatty acids and their acyl derivatives, encompassing waxes, sterol esters, triacylglycerols, mono-akyl-diacylglycerols, and an array of polar lipids such as betaine lipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids, phospholipids, and phosphonolipids. We offer a comprehensive exploration of the intricate biochemical variety of these lipids, related fatty acids, prostaglandins, and both cyclic and acyclic oxilipins. Additionally, the review provides insights into the chemotaxonomy of these compounds, illuminating the fatty acid synthesis routes inherent in corals. Of particular interest is the symbiotic bond many coral species nurture with dinoflagellates from the Symbiodinium group; their lipid and fatty acid profiles are also detailed in this discourse. This exploration accentuates the vast potential and intricacy of coral lipids and underscores their profound relevance in scientific endeavors.
Submerged Technique of Partially De-Epithelialized Free Gingival Grafts for Gingival Phenotype Modification in the Maxillary Anterior Region: A Case Report of a 34-Year Follow-up
Authors: Park Won-Bae , Park Wonhee , Kang Philip , Lim Hyun-Chang , Han Ji-Young
Published: October 2023

A coronally advanced flap combined with a subepithelial connective tissue graft is considered the gold standard for achieving root coverage on exposed root surfaces. Nevertheless, challenges arise when this technique is applied to multiple teeth and when the palatal soft tissue is very thin. Several surgical modifications have been reported to simultaneously achieve both single or multiple root coverage and widening of the keratinized gingiva. In this context, there have been no reported cases utilizing the submerged technique with partially de-epithelialized free gingival grafts. We intend to introduce a submerged technique involving partially de-epithelialized free gingival grafts for the modification of soft tissue phenotypes in the maxillary anterior region.
Giant Ovarian Tumor
Authors: Kluz Tomasz , Bogaczyk Anna , Wita-Popów Barbara , Habało Piotr , Kluz-Barłowska Marta
Published: October 2023

Giant ovarian tumors are rare, as most cases are diagnosed during routine gynecological check-ups or abdominal ultrasound examinations. They are a challenge for gynecologists and surgeons. Diagnosis in such patients is difficult due to the limitations of the medical apparatus. Perioperative management requires specialized anesthetic medical care and is associated with high mortality. The paper presents the case of a 23-year-old woman with a giant ovarian serous tumor, characterized by an enlargement of the abdominal circumference, periodic abdominal pain, irregular menstruation, and infertility. The patient attributed these nonspecific symptoms to obesity; therefore, she was hesitant to schedule a doctor’s appointment. The patient underwent laparotomy, and the cyst originating from the left ovary was removed along with part of the organ. An intraoperative examination was performed. After confirming the benign nature of the lesion, the operation was completed. In our work, we concentrated on the multidisciplinary care of the patient who required enhanced medical care from the internal medicine, cardiology, anesthesiology, rehabilitation medicine, and gynecology specialists. There were no hemodynamic changes in the heart during hospitalization. There were no significant early or late postoperative complications. In this case, we also paid attention to compression symptoms resulting from a giant ovarian tumor and the high risk of intraoperative complications resulting from its resection.