bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic characterisation of Erv1, a key component for protein import and folding in yeast mitochondria
Authors: Tang Xiaofan , Ang Swee Kim , Ceh‐Pavia Efrain , Heyes Derren J. , Lu Hui
Published: October 2019

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) essential for respiration and viability 1 (Erv1; EC number 1.8.3.2), a member of the flavin adenine dinucleotide‐dependent Erv1/ALR disulphide bond generating enzyme family, works together with Mia40 to catalyse protein import and oxidative folding in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Erv1/ALR functions either as an oxidase or cytochrome c reductase by passing electrons from a thiol substrate to molecular oxygen (O2) or cytochrome c, respectively. However, the substrate specificity for oxygen and cytochrome c is not fully understood. In this study, the oxidase and cytochrome c reductase kinetics of yeast Erv1 were investigated in detail, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, using stopped‐flow absorption spectroscopy and oxygen consumption analysis. Using DTT as an electron donor, our results show that cytochrome c is ~ 7‐ to 15‐fold more efficient than O2 as electron acceptors for yeast Erv1, and that O2 is a competitive inhibitor of Erv1 cytochrome c reductase activity. In addition, Mia40, the physiological thiol substrate of Erv1, was used as an electron donor for Erv1 in a detailed enzyme kinetic study. Different enzyme kinetic kcat and Km values were obtained with Mia40 compared to DTT, suggesting that Mia40 modulates Erv1 enzyme kinetics. Taken together, this study shows that Erv1 is a moderately active enzyme with the ability to use both O2 and cytochrome c as the electron acceptors, indicating that Erv1 contributes to mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production. Our results also suggest that Mia40‐Erv1 system may involve in regulation of the redox state of glutathione in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.

Erv1

EC number 1.8.3.2.
Reproduction and recruitment of the brown shrimp Crangon crangon in the inner German Bight (North Sea): An interannual study and critical reappraisal
Authors: Hünerlage Kim , Siegel Volker , Saborowski Reinhard
Published: October 2019

The brown shrimp, Crangon crangon, is the most important target of the coastal crustacean fisheries in the German Bight. In order to evaluate the relation between the abundance of ovigerous females and larvae in spring and the recruitment success in autumn, we first analysed the seasonal appearance of ovigerous females and larvae from weekly samples throughout 2012. The spawning season in the German Bight extends over several months comprising multiple unsynchronized spawning events. The minimum shares of ovigerous females appeared in early autumn, and the highest shares in late winter bearing mostly early egg stages. We defined the putative start of the reproductive cycle for November when the frequency of ovigerous females started to increase. There was no distinct separation between winter and summer eggs, but a continuous transition between large eggs spawned in winter (the early spawning season) and batches of smaller eggs in spring and summer. Larval densities peaked in April/May. Consequently, regular annual larval surveys from 2013 to 2016 were scheduled for April/May and extended to six transects covering the inner German Bight. Ovigerous females were most abundant in shallow waters above the 20‐m isobaths, which also explained regional differences in abundance between the regions off North Frisia and East Frisia. No relation was obvious between the number of larvae in spring and recruited stock in autumn. Due to the short lifespan of C. crangon, the combination of various abiotic factors and predator presence seems to be the principal parameters controlling stock size.
Constraints on vertebrate range size predict extinction risk
Authors: Newsome Thomas M. , Wolf Christopher , Nimmo Dale G. , Kopf R. Keller , Ritchie Euan G. , Smith Felisa A. , Ripple William J.
Published: October 2019

Aim

The only factor in the fossil record that consistently buffers against extinction risk is large geographical range. We ask whether extant vertebrate species with the smallest geographical range for their body size have a higher extinction risk, and thus whether the lower bound of the modern range–body size relationship could serve as an effective conservation prioritization tool.

Location

Global in scope.

Time period

Modern.

Major taxa studied

Six classes of vertebrates.

Methods

We compiled a database of geographical range, body size and extinction risk for six vertebrate classes (n = 26,076). We characterized the shape of the relationship between geographical range and body size for each class, using 90% and 10% quantile regression to describe the upper and lower bounds, respectively. We then evaluated the degree of extinction vulnerability of species at the lower bound of the regression using generalized linear mixed models. All analyses accounted for phylogenetic dependence between related species.

Results

The relationships between species ranges and body sizes were generally positive at both the upper and the lower bounds, and segmented (nonlinear) relationships were common. Despite this variability, species near the lower boundary of the relationship were more often in higher extinction risk categories, and this remained true when the role of range size in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red Listing criteria was accounted for.

Main conclusions

Variability in the upper and lower bounds of the range–body size relationship suggests that some classes of vertebrates exhibit combinations of ranges and body sizes that might not reflect historical patterns. Nonetheless, the range–body size relationship remains a reliable and useful predictor of extinction risk, more so than range size does alone. The range–body size relationship could therefore be used to track the trajectories of species towards or away from an extinction threshold and allow the tracking of how different human activities alter the range–body size relationship.
Inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment in older people with bacteremic urinary tract infection who reside in nursing homes: A multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: Gómez Belda Ana B , De la Fuente Javier , Diez Luis F , Capdevila Josep A , Inglada Luis , Arca Alexandra , Romero José M , Serra‐Centelles Cristina , Domínguez‐Gil Marta , Artero Arturo
Published: October 2019

Aim

The aim of the study was to determine the rate of inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment in older nursing home residents with bacteremic urinary tract infection and its influence on prognosis.

Methods

We carried out a multicentric prospective observational study in five Spanish hospitals. Patients aged >65 years with pyelonephritis or urinary sepsis with bacteremia were included. Clinical characteristics, the percentage of inadequate empirical antibiotic treatment, length of hospital stay and mortality were evaluated.

Results

A total of 181 patients, 54.7% women, were included in the study, and 35.9% of the patients came from nursing homes. These patients had higher percentages of ultimately or rapidly fatal disease (92.3% vs 53.4%; P < 0.001), were older (83.15 ± 6.97 years vs 79.34 ± 7.25 years; P = 0.001) and had higher Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (28.38 ± 8.57 vs 19.83 ± 5.88). The percentage of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamases was higher in patients from nursing homes (30.6% vs 16.3%; P = 0.045), as was the percentage of inadequate empirical antibiotic treatment (40% vs 20.7%; P = 0.005). Length of hospital stay was longer (10.82 ± 3.62 days vs 9.04 ± 4.88 days; P < 0.001). However, 30‐day mortality was not related to nursing home by multivariate analysis (OR 1.905, 95% CI 0.563–6.446; P = 0.300).

Conclusions

Nursing home patients with bacteremic urinary tract infections had a higher rate of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing enterobacteriacea and inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment. Clinicians should consider these findings and avoid inappropriate antimicrobial agents for empirical treatment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1112–1117.
Biological and clinical significance of T helper 17 cell plasticity
Authors: Mazzoni Alessio , Maggi Laura , Liotta Francesco , Cosmi Lorenzo , Annunziato Francesco
Published: October 2019

Mature T helper (Th) effector cells originate following antigen recognition by naive T precursors. The maturation process is accompanied by the acquisition of specific effector functions that distinguish at least three different T helper subsets: Th1, Th2 and Th17. In general, maturation of somatic cells is accompanied by terminal differentiation. However, accumulating evidence shows that effector T cells retain a certain degree of plasticity. This is especially true for Th17 cells, which have been shown to converge towards other phenotypes in response to specific microenvironmental pressure. In this review we will discuss the experimental evidence that supports the hypothesis of Th17 plasticity, with particular emphasis on the generation of Th17‐derived ‘non‐classic’ Th1 cells, and the molecular networks that control it. Moreover, we will consider why Th17 plasticity is important for host protection, but also why it can have pathogenic functions during chronic inflammation. Regarding the last point, we will discuss a possible role for biological drugs in the control of Th17 plasticity and disease course.
Genetic diversity of respiratory enteroviruses and rhinoviruses in febrile adults, Singapore, 2007‐2013
Authors: Linster Martin , Donato Celeste , Mah Marcus G. , Grau Miguel L. , Low Jenny G. , Ooi Eng Eong , Su Yvonne C.F. , Smith Gavin J.D. , Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran
Published: October 2019

To understand the genetic diversity and patterns of circulation of rhinoviruses (RV) and enteroviruses (EV) in Singapore, we retrospectively screened 2950 nasal swab samples collected from adults presenting to primary care services with signs of febrile illness in Singapore during 2007‐2013 using sequencing and phylogenetic methods. Through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, our results show the year‐round circulation of the three rhinovirus species, A, B, and C. A diverse set of RV/EV serotypes were detected in Singapore with a predominance of RV‐A in all years, whereas serotypes EV‐C A21 and EV‐D68 were only sporadically detected. This study highlights the previously unrecognized diversity and burden in the adult population in Singapore.
Experimental and computational study on sintering of ceramic coating layers with complex porous structures
Authors: Terasaka Sota , Matsubara Hideaki , Shirato Takashi , Kamitakahara Masanobu , Yokoi Taishi , Yamaguchi Norio , Kim Byung‐Nam
Published: October 2019

This study investigated the sintering behavior of an yttria‐stabilized zirconia coating for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with a complicated porous structure via both experiment and simulation using the finite element method for samples with only a coating (free coating) and samples with coating on a substrate (constrained coating). Sintering and grain growth proceeded from the bottom of the coating, and the coating bent convex upward in the free coating. In the constrained coating, sintering and grain growth proceeded in a manner similar to the free coating; however, the degrees of sintering and grain growth were small. Furthermore, sintering and grain growth were delayed because of substrate constraints. As a simulation result, the free coating was bent in a manner similar to the experiment. The experimental results could be reproduced in terms of time dependency and temperature dependency. The decrease in the porosity of the constrained coating was delayed compared with that in the free coating because of substrate constraints. This simulation result was able to reproduce the experimental results. Thus, the sintering behavior for the complex porous structures of TBCs can be predicted by experimental research and simulation, which could aid in the development of a prediction technology for the delamination of coatings (TBC lifetime).
Effectiveness of an Avatar application for teaching heart attack recognition and response: A pragmatic randomized control trial
Authors: Tongpeth Jintana , Du Huiyun , Barry Tracey , Clark Robyn A.
Published: October 2019

Aims

To evaluate the effectiveness of an Avatar application for educating people with acute coronary syndrome (heart attack).

Background

A lack of understanding of Acute Coronary Syndrome symptoms and appropriate responses often contribute to delay in seeking medical treatment.

Design

A single‐centre, non‐blinded, pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Seventy Acute Coronary Syndrome patients were randomly assigned to the intervention (Avatar application) or usual care groups. Participants were followed up at 0, 1, and 6 months. Tobit Growth Curve Model was used to analyse the primary outcome—symptom knowledge; and the secondary outcomes—attitudes and beliefs. Heart attack action plan implementation and health care utilisation were analysed using Chi‐square and Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

Of the 70 participants, 63% were male and the mean age of the participants was 64.7 (SD 11.7) years. Sixty‐six (94.2%) participants completed follow‐up. Between group differences on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) Response Index scores were statistically significant at 1‐month and 6‐month follow‐ups (p < .01). The intervention group had a significant improvement in symptom knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs over the 6‐month period (p < .001, p = .009, p < .001 respectively); and no significant improvement in the usual care group participants (p = .152, p = .068, p = .228). For healthcare use, at follow‐up, there was a significant difference in ambulance use, between the intervention group and the usual care group (33.33% vs. 18.18%, p = .008; cardiac: 88.89% vs. 42.86%; p = .049); 85.14% of participants reported that the application helped them to feel more confident in recognizing and responding to symptoms in the future.

Conclusion

The education app was effective in improving individuals’ ACS knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. A large multi‐centre trial with a longer follow‐up to evaluate the intervention's effectiveness on clinical outcomes will be our next step in evaluation.

Impact

The content of AVATARS (Nurse Cora) app can be translated into different languages and evaluated for patients from different health settings and linguistic backgrounds.

Trial Registration: This study has been registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR). The trial registration number is ACTRN12616000803493.
The relationship between time to analgesic administration and emergency department length of stay: A retrospective review
Authors: Hughes James A. , Brown Nathan J. , Chiu Jacqui , Allwood Brandon , Chu Kevin
Published: October 2019

Aim

To determine the association between time to first analgesic medication and emergency department length of stay (ED LOS).

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Method

We conducted this study in a large, inner‐city emergency department and included adult patients who presented with pain as a symptom and received analgesic medication(s). Study participants were identified from a random selection of 2,000 adult patients who presented between August–October 2018. The relationship between ED LOS and time to first analgesic medication was described using bivariate and multivariate linear regression.

Results

Of the 2,000 randomly selected patients presenting between August and October 2018, 727 (36.35%) had pain as a symptom on arrival, 423 (21.15%) had analgesic medication administered. The median time to first analgesic medication was in 62 (interquartile range: 36–105) minutes and median ED LOS was 218 (interquartile range: 160–317.5) minutes. After adjusting for the effects of sex, urgency of the presentation, emergency department location first seen by clinician, departure destination and workload metrics (average daily time to be seen and daily access block). Time to first analgesic medication was independently associated with ED LOS, contributing to 6.96% of the variance in the multivariate model.

Conclusion

Providing analgesic medication faster to patients presenting in pain, in addition to previously demonstrated positive patient outcomes, may decrease their ED LOS.

Impact

Reducing ED LOS through faster pain care, benefits the patient through faster pain relief and can benefit the department by reducing the total amount of care delivered in the emergency department. Reducing total care delivery frees up resources to improve the care to all emergency department patients.
Oceanic islands of Wallacea as a source for dispersal and diversification of murine rodents
Authors: Rowe Kevin C. , Achmadi Anang S. , Fabre Pierre‐Henri , Schenk John J. , Steppan Scott J. , Esselstyn Jacob A.
Published: October 2019

Aim

To determine the historical dynamics of colonization and whether the relative timing of colonization predicts diversification rate in the species‐rich, murine rodent communities of Indo‐Australia.

Location

Indo‐Australian Archipelago including the Sunda shelf of continental Asia, Sahul shelf of continental Australia, the Philippines and Wallacea of Indonesia.

Taxon

Order Rodentia, Family Muridae.

Methods

We used a fossil‐calibrated molecular phylogeny and Bayesian biogeographical modelling to infer the frequency and temporal sequence of biogeographical transitions among Sunda, Sahul, the Philippines and Wallacea. We estimated diversification rates for each colonizing lineage using a method‐of‐moments estimator of net diversification and Bayesian mixture model estimates of diversification rate shifts.

Results

We identified 17 biogeographical transitions, including nine originating from Sunda, seven originating from Sulawesi and broader Wallacea and one originating from Sahul. Wallacea was colonized eight times, the Phillipines five times, Sunda twice and Sahul twice. Net diversification rates ranged from 0.2 to 2.12 species/lineage/My with higher rates in secondary and later colonizers than primary colonizers. The highest rates were in the genusRattusand their closest relatives, irrespective of colonization history.

Main Conclusions

Our inferences from murines demonstrate once again the substantial role of islands as sources of species diversity in terrestrial vertebrates of the IAA with most speciation events occurring on islands. Sulawesi and broader Wallacea have been a major source of colonists for both island and continental systems. Crossings of Wallace's Line were more common than subsequent transitions across Lydekker's Line to the east. While speciation following colonization of oceanic archipelagos and large islands is consistent with adaptive radiation theory and ideas regarding ecological opportunity, we did not observe a strong signal of incumbency effects. Rather, subsequent colonists of landmasses radiated unhindered by previous radiations.
Growth‐associated protein 43 promotes thyroid cancer cell lines progression via epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Zheng Chen , Quan Rui‐Da , Wu Cheng‐Yong , Hu Jing , Lin Bang‐Yi , Dong Xu‐Bing , Xia Er‐Jie , Bhandari Adheesh , Zhang Xiao‐Hua , Wang Ou‐Chen
Published: October 2019

Thyroid cancer is maintaining at a high incidence level and its carcinogenesis is mainly affected by a complex gene interaction. By analysis of the next‐generation resequencing of paired papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and adjacent thyroid tissues, we found that Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP43), a phosphoprotein activated by protein kinase C, might be novel markers associated with PTC. However, its function in thyroid carcinoma has been poorly understood. We discovered that GAP43 was significantly overexpressed in thyroid carcinoma and these results were consistent with that in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. In addition, some clinicopathological features of GAP43 in TCGA database showed that up‐regulated GAP43 is significantly connected to lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and tumour size (P = 0.038). In vitro experiments, loss of function experiments was performed to investigate GAP43 in PTC cell lines (TPC‐1 and BCPAP). The results proved that GAP43 knockdown in PTC cell significantly decreased the function of cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion and induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we also indicated that GAP43 could modulate the expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐related proteins, which could influence invasion and migration. Put those results together, GAP43 is a gene which was associated with PTC and might be a potential therapeutic target.
Oridonin prevents insulin resistance–mediated cognitive disorder through PTEN/Akt pathway and autophagy in minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Wen Fangfang , Zhuge Weishan , Wang Jian , Lu Xiaoai , You Ruimin , Liu Leping , Zhuge Qichuan , Ding Saidan
Published: October 2019

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) was characterized for cognitive dysfunction. Insulin resistance (IR) has been identified to be correlated with the pathogenesis of MHE. Oridonin (Ori) is an active terpenoid, which has been reported to rescue synaptic loss and restore insulin sensitivity. In this study, we found that intraperitoneal injection of Ori rescued IR, reduced the autophagosome formation and synaptic loss and improved cognitive dysfunction in MHE rats. Moreover, in insulin‐resistant PC12 cells and N2a cells, we found that Ori blocked IR‐induced synaptic deficits via the down‐regulation of PTEN, the phosphorylation of Akt and the inhibition of autophagy. Taken together, these results suggested that Ori displays therapeutic efficacy towards memory deficits via improvement of IR in MHE and represents a novel bioactive therapeutic agent for treating MHE.
Association between oral lesions and disease activity in lupus erythematosus
Authors: Del Barrio‐Díaz P. , Reyes‐Vivanco C. , Cifuentes‐Mutinelli M. , Manríquez J. , Vera‐Kellet C.
Published: October 2019

Background

Mucosal involvement is frequently seen in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There is no consensus regarding the prevalence, and a wide range of lesions has been reported. Its prognostic significance is currently unknown and a matter of controversy.

Objective

To classify oral lesions in lupus, evaluate their prevalence and assess their possible association with disease activity.

Methods

We conducted a descriptive study between 2016 and 2017. A total of 150 lupus patients were matched by sex, age and smoking status with 151 healthy individuals. All subjects underwent a careful evaluation of oral mucosa. On the same day of the clinical assessment, each patient underwent a peripheral venous blood and urine analysis. All patients underwent a full medical history, physical examination and a careful examination of the oral cavity. For each one, we obtained photographs of ten areas of the oral cavity. Two dermatologists of our group blindly recorded the presence and morphology of oral lesions. The disease activity of CLE patients was scored using the Revised Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index, and in SLE patients, activity was measured using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index.

Results

In CLE patients, there was a statistically significant correlation between higher cutaneous disease activity and the following oral findings: discoid plaques, cobblestone and red/brown‐pigmented macules. In patients with CLE, red macules on jugal mucosa were statistically associated with anaemia and positive antinuclear antibodies titres; additionally, the presence of gingivitis was related to systemic inflammation. In SLE patients, gingival telangiectases were statistically significantly associated with leucopenia, hypocomplementemia and systemic inflammation.

Limitations

Biopsies on mucosal lesions were not performed.

Conclusion

Some specific oral lesions correlate with disease activity in CLE and SLE.
Split‐thickness skin grafts obtained from adjacent hairy skin for reconstructing auricular concave surfaces after Mohs surgery
Authors: Querol E. , García‐Martínez F.J. , Redondo P.
Published: October 2019

Background

Reconstruction of large auricular defects with full‐thickness skin grafts (FTSG) is a commonly reported option, but less attention has focused on the advantages and indications of using split‐thickness skin grafts (STSG) in the ear.

Objective

We sought to report our experience using STSG for repair of defects located on the auricular concave surfaces, highlighting the utility of choosing the adjacent hairy skin as donor site.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of all Mohs micrographic defects on the auricular concave surfaces repaired with STSG obtained from the adjacent hairy skin, between January 2017 and July 2018 at our institution.

Results

A total of 16 patients with defects on the auricular concavities resulting from removal of non‐melanoma skin cancer were reconstructed with STSG taken from the adjacent hairy skin. Only one patient experienced partial graft failure and no other complications were observed after 6‐month follow‐up.

Conclusion

Split‐thickness skin grafts are suitable for reconstructing concave areas in the ear, providing good cosmetic results with a simple, cost‐effective and easily reproducible technique. Choosing the adjacent hairy skin as a donor area shortens the operative and postoperative time, and allows the procedure to be performed in a single surgical field.
Triggering factors in sensitive skin from the worldwide patients’ point of view: a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Brenaut E. , Barnetche T. , Le Gall‐Ianotto C. , Roudot A.‐C. , Misery L. , Ficheux A.‐S.
Published: October 2019

Sensitive skin (SS) is a syndrome defined by the occurrence of unpleasant sensations in response to stimuli that normally should not provoke such sensations. In most patients, symptoms occur within 1 h following exposure to trigger factors and may persist for minutes or even hours. Numerous triggering factors (physical, chemical or psychological) are suspected and described in articles. The aim of this article was to perform a systematic literature review to collect data on the triggering factors involved in SS and to then perform a meta‐analysis. Thirteen studies were included in the systematic literature review. Subjects were classified into groups, SS or no sensitive skin (NSS), and triggering factors were researched through responses to different questions. SS could be triggered by numerous factors. The most important triggering factor was cosmetics, with an odds ratio (OR) equal to 7.12 [3.98–12.72]. Other triggering factors were physical (variations in temperature, cold, heat, wind, sun, air conditioning, wet air and dry air), chemical (water and pollution) or psychological (emotional) factors. After cosmetics, the most important factors were wet air, OR 3.83 [2.48–5.91]; air conditioning, OR 3.60 [2.11–6.14]; heat, OR 3.5 [2.69–4.63]; and water, OR 3.46 [2.56–4.77].
Cross‐reactivity in beta‐lactams after a non‐immediate cutaneous adverse reaction: experience of a reference centre for toxic bullous diseases and severe cutaneous adverse reactions
Authors: Bérot V. , Gener G. , Ingen‐Housz‐Oro S. , Gaudin O. , Paul M. , Chosidow O. , Wolkenstein P. , Assier H.
Published: October 2019

Background

Cross‐reactivity among beta‐lactam antibiotics (BL) is essentially reported in immediate hypersensitivity.

Objectives

To evaluate cross‐reactivity beyond BLs in patients with non‐immediate cutaneous adverse drug reaction (non‐immediate CADR) managed in a dermatology reference centre of toxic bullous and severe CADRs.

Patients/Materials/Methods

We conducted a retrospective single‐centre study in consecutive patients consulting between 2010 and 2018 with an active BL‐suspected non‐immediate CADR and explored by cutaneous tests [patch tests (PT) and intradermal tests (P‐IDR)] for at least three penicillin's subclasses and amino‐ and non‐amino‐cephalosporins (at least one aminocephalosporin). Cross‐reactivity among subclasses was investigated for patients with positive tests.

Results

We included 56 patients, among whom 46 amoxicillin‐suspected were and seven cephalosporin‐suspected. Twenty‐nine had severe CADR, and 27 had non‐immediate maculopapular exanthema (MPE). Twenty‐two had positive tests (18 for AS and four for CS). Among the 18 positive amoxicillin‐suspected, 10 (55.6%) showed cross‐reactivity with one or more other BL: 9 (50%) with another penicillin and 3 (16.5%) with a non‐aminocephalosporin. No amoxicillin‐ or cephalosporin‐suspected patient showed cross‐reactivity with aztreonam or carbapenems. P‐IDR showed cross‐reactivity only once.

Conclusion

After a suspected BL‐induced non‐immediate CADR, a large allergologic exploration is needed to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate cross‐reactivity. In our population including cases of severe CADRs and MPE with late delay of onset, cross‐reactivity was frequent and PT was sufficient to this purpose. The frequent cross‐reactivity among penicillins encourages stopping this whole family and to test cephalosporins, aztreonam and carbapenems for which cross‐allergies are rarer.
Greater opportunities for sexual selection in male than in female obligate brood parasitic birds
Authors: Louder Matthew I. M. , Hauber Mark E. , Louder Amber N. A. , Hoover Jeffrey P. , Schelsky Wendy M.
Published: October 2019

Females are expected to have evolved to be more discriminatory in mate choice than males as a result of greater reproductive investment into larger gametes (eggs vs. sperm). In turn, males are predicted to be more promiscuous than females, showing both a larger variance in the number of mates and a greater increase in reproductive success with more mates, yielding more intense sexual selection on males vs. females (Bateman's Paradigm). However, sex differences in costly parental care strategies can either reinforce or counteract the initial asymmetry in reproductive investment, which may be one cause for some studies failing to conform with predictions of Bateman's Paradigm. For example, in many bird species with small female‐biased initial investment but extensive biparental care, both sexes should be subject to similar strengths of sexual selection because males and females are similarly restricted in their ability to pursue additional mates. Unlike 99% of avian species, however, obligate brood parasitic birds lack any parental care in either sex, predicting a conformation to Bateman's Paradigm. Here we use microsatellite genotyping to demonstrate that in brood parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), per capita annual reproductive success increases with the number of mates in males, but not in females. Furthermore, also as predicted, the variance of the number of mates and offspring is greater in males than in females. Thus, contrary to previous findings in this species, our results conform to predictions of the Bateman's Paradigm for taxa without parental care.
Clinical performance of chairside monolithic lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic CAD‐CAM crowns
Authors: Aziz Ahmed , El‐Mowafy Omar , Tenenbaum Howard C. , Lawrence Herenia P. , Shokati Babak
Published: October 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical performance and the effect of various patient and provider‐related factors on the longevity of chairside monolithic posterior lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic (LDGC) computer‐aided design (CAD)‐computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) crowns provided by predoctoral students.

Materials and Methods

A sample of posterior LDGC CAD‐CAM crowns was evaluated. Crown preparations were milled chairside using the CEREC Omnicam system and cemented with Rely‐X Unicem or Calibra Universal resin cements. Clinical assessment of the crowns and supporting periodontal structures was performed using the modified California Dental Association (CDA) criteria. Intraoral photographs as well as radiographs were taken for further assessment by two evaluators. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was performed.

Results

A total of 40 crowns were inserted in 32 patients and evaluated for 4 years. Three complications were observed (two‐technical and one‐biological). No chipping or fracture of crowns was observed. No significant association was found between age, sex, periodontal condition, tooth type, tooth vitality, cement type, and longevity. The 4‐year cumulative survival and success rates were 95.0 and 92.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

Chairside LDGC CAD‐CAM crowns exhibited a high survival rate after 4 years in function and were shown to be a viable and reliable treatment option for posterior teeth.

Clinical significance

The high survival rate of chairside CAD‐CAM crowns observed in this study suggests the likelihood of predictable performance in the predoctoral setup.
Effects of Asparagopsis taxiformis metabolites on the feeding behaviour of post‐larval Acanthurus triostegus
Authors: Gache Camille , Bertucci Frédéric , Guerra Ana Sofía , Calandra Maelle , Berr Tristan , Lafaye Julie , Jorissen Hendrikje , Nugues Maggy , Cossy Janine , Lecchini David
Published: October 2019

Our study highlights the effect of the macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis on the feeding behaviour of the tropical surgeonfish Acanthurus triostegus. The presence of A. taxiformis chemical cues reduced A. triostegus feeding, suggesting that the presence of this algae could affect not only the survival of fish in the post‐larval stage, but also alter the grazing pressure on coral reefs.
Sexually selected traits are larger and more variable in male than female beach‐spawning capelin, Mallotus villosus
Authors: Orbach Dara N. , Donovan Meghan , Purchase Craig F.
Published: October 2019

We evaluated whether morphological traits in capelin, Mallotus villosus, that appear to be sexually selected (pectoral fin, pelvic fin, anal fin, lateral ridge) were larger and more variable in males than females compared with naturally selected morphological traits (eyes, dorsal fin). Photographs were obtained of 136 capelin captured at two spawning sites and standardised measurements were taken of six morphological traits. Males had larger traits than females for a given body size and this was most pronounced in the traits thought to be sexually selected. Body size explained much of the variation in female traits but less variation in male traits, suggesting alternative selection pressures are involved. We suggest that larger male body size aids in endurance rivalry and sexually dimorphic traits help males to remain in physical contact with females while spawning on the beach.
Better Together: Promoting Geriatrics Education across Residency Specialties with a Pilot Peer Teaching Exchange
Authors: Streiter Shoshana , Loewenthal Julia , Berry Sarah , Schwartz Andrea Wershof
Published: October 2019

See related editorial by Mandi Sehgal
Geriatric Elements and Oral Anticoagulant Prescribing in Older Atrial Fibrillation Patients: SAGE‐AF
Authors: Saczynski Jane S. , Sanghai Saket R. , Kiefe Catarina I. , Lessard Darleen , Marino Francesca , Waring Molly E. , Parish David , Helm Robert , Sogade Felix , Goldberg Robert , Gurwitz Jerry , Wang Weijia , Mailhot Tanya , Bamgbade Benita , Barton Bruce , McManus David D.
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES

Oral anticoagulants are the cornerstone of stroke prevention in high‐risk patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Geriatric elements, such as cognitive impairment and frailty, commonly occur in these patients and are often cited as reasons for not prescribing oral anticoagulants. We sought to systematically assess geriatric impairments in patients with AF and determine whether they were associated with oral anticoagulant prescribing.

DESIGN

Cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data from the ongoing Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Elements in Atrial Fibrillation (SAGE‐AF) prospective cohort study.

SETTING

Multicenter study with site locations in Massachusetts and Georgia that recruited participants from cardiology, electrophysiology, and primary care clinics from 2016 to 2018.

PARTICIPANTS

Participants with AF age 65 years or older, CHA2DS2‐VASc (congestive heart failure; hypertension; aged ≥75 y [doubled]; diabetes mellitus; prior stroke, transient ischemic attack, or thromboembolism [doubled]; vascular disease; age 65‐74; female sex) score of 2 or higher, and no oral anticoagulant contraindications (n = 1244).

MEASUREMENTS

A six‐component geriatric assessment included validated measures of frailty, cognitive function, social support, depressive symptoms, vision, and hearing. Oral anticoagulant use was abstracted from the medical record.

RESULTS

A total of 1244 participants (mean age = 76 y; 49% female; 85% white) were enrolled; 42% were cognitively impaired, 14% frail, 53% pre‐frail, 12% socially isolated, and 29% had depressive symptoms. Oral anticoagulants were prescribed to 86% of the cohort. Oral anticoagulant prescribing did not vary according to any of the geriatric elements (adjusted odds ratios [ORs] for oral anticoagulant prescribing and cognitive impairment: OR = .75; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .51‐1.09; frail OR = .69; 95% CI = .35‐1.36; social isolation OR = .90; 95% CI = .52‐1.54; depression OR = .79; 95% CI = .49‐1.27; visual impairment OR = .98; 95% CI = .65‐1.48; and hearing impairment OR = 1.05; 95% CI = .71‐1.54).

CONCLUSION

Geriatric impairments, particularly cognitive impairment and frailty, were common in our cohort, but treatment with oral anticoagulants did not differ by impairment status. These geriatric impairments are commonly cited as reasons for not prescribing oral anticoagulants, suggesting that prescribers may either be unaware or deliberately ignoring the presence of these factors in clinical settings. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:147–154, 2019
Expanding the Reach of Geriatrics Grand Rounds Using Facebook Live
Authors: Powers Becky B. , Hartmann Paul , Welch Melissa , Ross Jeanette
Published: October 2019

See related editorial by Mandi Sehgal
When Women Rise, We All Rise: American Geriatrics Society Position Statement on Achieving Gender Equity in Geriatrics
Authors: Boxer Rebecca , Norman Mary , Abadir Peter , Beizer Judith L. , Dierich Mary , Lau Samantha , Linnebur Sunny A. , Lundebjerg Nancy E. , Naik Aanand D. , Schreiber Robert , Unroe Kathleen , Mikhailovich Anna L. , Goldstein Alanna C.
Published: October 2019

Supporting gender equity for women working in geriatrics is important to the growth of geriatrics across disciplines and is critical in achieving our vision for a future in which we are all able to contribute to our communities and maintain our health, safety, and independence as we age. Discrimination can have a negative impact on public health, particularly with regard to those who care for the health of older Americans and other vulnerable older people. Women working in the field of geriatrics have experienced implicit and explicit discriminatory practices that mirror available data on the entire workforce. In this position article, we outline strategic objectives and accompanying practical recommendations for how geriatrics, as a field, can work together to achieve a future in which the rights of women are guaranteed and women in geriatrics have the opportunity to achieve their full potential. This article represents the official positions of the American Geriatrics Society. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2447–2454, 2019
Review of impact categories and environmental indicators for life cycle assessment of geotechnical systems
Authors: Raymond Alena J. , Tipton James R. , Kendall Alissa , DeJong Jason T.
Published: October 2019

Life cycle assessment (LCA) has only had limited application in the geotechnical engineering discipline, though it has been widely applied to civil engineering systems such as pavements and roadways. A review of previous geotechnical LCAs showed that most studies have tracked a small set of impact categories, such as energy and global warming potential. Accordingly, currently reported environmental indicators may not effectively or fully capture important environmental impacts and tradeoffs associated with geotechnical systems, including those associated with land and soil resources. This research reviewed previous studies, methods, and models for assessment of land use and soil‐related impacts to understand their applicability to geotechnical LCA. The results of this review show that critical gaps remain in current knowledge and practice. In particular, further development or refinement of environmental indicators, impact categories, and cause–effect pathways is needed as they pertain to geotechnical applications—specifically those related to soil quality, soil functions, and the ecosystem services soils provide. In addition, many existing methods emerge from research on land use and land use change related to other disciplines (e.g., agriculture). For applicability to geotechnical projects, the resolution of many of these methods and resulting indicators need to be downscaled from the landscape/macro scale to the project scale. In the near term, practitioners of geotechnical LCA should begin tracking changes to soil properties and report impacts to land and soil resources qualitatively.
Endogenous cannabinoid modulation of restraint stress‐induced analgesia in thermal nociception
Authors: Atwal Nicholas , Winters Bryony L. , Vaughan Christopher W.
Published: October 2019

It is thought that endogenous cannabinoids have a role in the analgesia induced by specific forms of stress. We examined if the role of endogenous cannabinoids is also dependent upon the mode of nociception, and whether this could be altered by drugs which block their enzymatic degradation. In C57BL/6 mice, restraint stress produced analgesia in the hot‐plate and plantar tests, two thermal pain assays that engage distinct supraspinal and spinal nociceptive pathways. Stress‐induced analgesia in the hot‐plate test was abolished by pre‐treatment with the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone but was unaffected by the cannabinoid receptor antagonist 1‐(2,4‐Dichlorophenyl)‐5‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐4‐methyl‐N‐4‐morpholinyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxamide (AM281). By contrast, stress‐induced analgesia in the plantar test was abolished by pre‐treatment with naltrexone plus AM281, but not by either antagonist individually. Remarkably, inhibiting the breakdown of endocannabinoids, with the dual fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL195, rescued stress‐induced analgesia in the hotplate test when endogenous opioid signalling was blocked by naltrexone. Furthermore, JZL195 recruited analgesia induced by sub‐threshold restraint stress in both thermal pain assays. These findings indicate the role of endocannabinoids in stress‐induced analgesia differs with the type of thermal pain behaviour. However, by inhibiting their breakdown, endocannabinoids can be recruited to substitute for endogenous opioid signalling when their activity is blocked, indicating a degree of redundancy between opioid and cannabinoid systems. Together these data suggest targeting endocannabinoid breakdown could provide an alternative, or adjuvant to mainstream analgesics such as opioids.

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Withholding Consumption: A Free Riding Perspective on the Diffusion of Color Television in Rural China
Authors: Rong Zhao , Wu Lan
Published: October 2019

This paper documents the existence of a type of local spillovers—free riding among neighbors—in the diffusion of color television sets (CTVs) in rural China. Consistent with the free‐riding hypothesis, we find that households with no TV (non‐BWTV [black and white television set] households) are less likely to buy their first CTV in villages where a higher fraction of households already own BWTVs. Consistent with the free‐riding hypothesis, we further find that this negative relationship is more pronounced for those non‐BWTV households with lower income, facing lower BWTV ownership rates, and living closer to their neighbors.
Association between serum melatonin and skin aging in an urban population of Mongolia
Authors: Nanzadsuren Tuya , Myatav Tuul , Dorjkhuu Amgalanbaatar , Byamba Khandsuren
Published: October 2019

Background

Melatonin has been implicated in skin functions such as hair growth cycling and skin pigmentation. Furthermore, melatonin receptors are expressed in several skin cells.

Aims

To study the association between serum melatonin levels and skin aging grades among people aged 20‐69 years in Ulaanbaatar city.

Patients/Methods

We performed an analytical cross‐sectional study that used parametric testing through analyses to test the relationship between melatonin levels and skin aging grades. A total of 946 people were assessed for skin aging using a moisture checker, sebum tape, and a digital camera. Blood samples were collected between 8:00 am and 10:00 am, and melatonin was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay analyzer.

Results

There was a statistically significant association between age and skin aging grade (P < .001). A multiple factor analysis revealed that lower levels of melatonin in the serum increased with skin aging grade 4 (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4‐8.0), (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 0.5‐9.5), grade 5 (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 0.8‐15.7), and grade 6. There were weak associations between melatonin levels and potential covariates (skin pigmentation and skin hydration) taken from the correlation matrix. There was a weak positive correlation between skin pigmentation and age (r = .28), a weak negative correlation between skin pigmentation and sleep status (r = −.20), and a weak negative correlation between skin hydration and age (r = −.27).

Conclusions

Serum melatonin decreases with age, indicating that its loss may stimulate the process of earlier skin aging.
Intersubject Variability and Normalization Strategies for Spinal Cord Total Cross‐Sectional and Gray Matter Areas
Authors: Papinutto Nico , Asteggiano Carlo , Bischof Antje , Gundel Tristan J. , Caverzasi Eduardo , Stern William A. , Bastianello Stefano , Hauser Stephen L. , Henry Roland G.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

The quantification of spinal cord (SC) atrophy by MRI has assumed an important role in assessment of neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic SC injury. Recent technical advances make possible the quantification of gray matter (GM) and white matter tissues in clinical settings. However, the goal of a reliable diagnostic, prognostic or predictive marker is still elusive, in part due to large intersubject variability of SC areas. Here, we investigated the sources of this variability and explored effective strategies to reduce it.

METHODS

One hundred twenty‐nine healthy subjects (mean age: 41.0 ± 15.9) underwent MRI on a Siemens 3T Skyra scanner. Two‐dimensional PSIR at the C2‐C3 vertebral level and a sagittal 1 mm3 3D T1‐weighted brain acquisition extended to the upper cervical cord were acquired. Total cross‐sectional area and GM area were measured at C2‐C3, as well as measures of the vertebra, spinal canal and the skull. Correlations between the different metrics were explored using Pearson product‐moment coefficients. The most promising metrics were used to normalize cord areas using multiple regression analyses.

RESULTS

The most effective normalization metrics were the V‐scale (from SienaX) and the product of the C2‐C3 spinal canal diameters. Normalization methods based on these metrics reduced the intersubject variability of cord areas of up to 17.74%. The measured cord areas had a statistically significant sex difference, while the effect of age was moderate.

CONCLUSIONS

The present work explored in a large cohort of healthy subjects the source of intersubject variability of SC areas and proposes effective normalization methods for its reduction.