bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2560 – Esitalopram for Antipsychotic Non-Responsive Complex Visual Hallucinations: Eight Patients Suffering from Charles-bonnet Syndrome
Authors: Berman Y. , Barak Y.
Published: July 2013

Background:

The Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is characterized by distinct visual hallucinations and visual impairment in patients with insight and the absence of psychiatric comorbidity. The number of reported cases of CBS is expanding as the population ages and the prevalence of vision disorders increases. The efficacy of antipsychotics in CBS is based on sketchy evidence. The use of serotonin selective re-uptake antidepressants (SSRI) for CBS is anecdotal.

Aim:

To describe effectiveness of escitalopram in a series of patients suffering from CBS who were unresponsive to antipsychotic treatment.

Methods:

Eight consecutive patients suffering from CBS who did not respond to standard antipsychotic treatment were switched to escitalopram. CBS severity prior to escitalopram treatment was quantified using the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale and again after 8 weeks of treatment. All had undergone brain -CT and cognitive assessment.

Results:

There were 4 men and 4 women, mean age 81.7 ± 7.3 years. Brain-CT imaging was normal except for an incidental finding of a small frontal meningioma in one patient. All had MMSE scores ≥ 27/30. Previous antipsychotic treatment was mostly with risperidone 1.0 to 3.0 mgs/daily. Mean CGI-severity upon switching to escitalopram treatment was 5.7. This was significantly reduced to 1.8 (p < 0.001) after 8 weeks of escitalopram treatment (mean dose: 11.8 mgs/daily). There were no side-effects nor adverse events reported.

Conclusions:

This is the first case-series to show that SSRIs are an effective and well-tolerated treatment for visual hallucinations associated with vision impairment such as in the CBS.
2568 – Effects of a Single 10 Mg Dose of Methylphenidate on Attention Components and Executive Functions in Adults with ADHD
Authors: Ertlé S. , Vanoli L. , Erb A. , Duval F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects about 60% of adults who suffered from ADHD in childhood. Methylphenidate is a common off-label treatment.

Objectives:

The aim of this pilot study was to assess the neuropsychological effects of a single dose of methylphenidate (10 mg orally) on different attention components and executive functions by using the computerized attention assessment battery TAP 2.2 (Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung).

Methods:

Fifteen DSM IV-ADHD adult patients were enrolled into this study. Neuropsychological evaluations were performed at baseline and after the methylphenidate test. Patients were subsequently treated with adequate dose of methylphenidate and followed over a period of 6 months.

Results:

Compared with baseline, a single dose of methylphenidate induced a significant improvement in working memory (p = 0.001), sustained attention (p = 0.0007) and visual scanning (p = 0.0007) in terms of omissions and mistakes. Reaction times also decreased in tonic arousal (p = 0.002), incompatibility (p = 0.008) and flexibility tasks (p < 0.00001). There was a significant correlation between working memory and sustained attention before and after methylphenidate (both p < 0.01). Among our patients, 12 who responded positively to the methylphenidate test, showed favorable long-term outcome with methylphenidate treatment.

Conclusions:

Adults with ADHD showed neurocognitive improvements after a single 10 mg dose of methylphenidate. Our results suggest that the methylphenidate test would be useful in predicting subsequent response to methylphenidate treatment in ADHD adult patients. Controlled prospective studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
2573 – Bioacoustic Correction in the System of Rehabilitation of the Neurotic and Stress Connected Disorders
Authors: Panchenko L.V. , Panchenko O.A. , Chumak T.E.
Published: July 2013

By the methodology of bioacoustic correction (the BAC), on the basis of computer transformation, the representation of the parameters of bioelectrical activity of human brain has been transformed into the parameters of sound stimuli.

The objective of this research is to study the efficiency and the safety of the BAC method application in the system of rehabilitation neurotic and stress connected disorders. The sample has been given by patients with neurotic, stress connected and somatoform disorders (F40–F48 – 50 persons). The research has been implemented by the device “Sinhro-S” (St.-Petersburg, the Russian Federation).

Prior to the beginning and upon termination of the correction, the assessment of psycho emotional condition of patients has been implemented by the means of methodology of subjective interrogation, psychological and psychophysiological testing. Therapy has included pharmacotherapy (antidepressant seretonin selective reuptake inhibitors, adaptogens, neurometabolic, nootrops); psychotherapy (rational, group, corporally-focused, hypnosuggestive, autogenic training); physiotherapy; the BAC. Subjective feelings of influence efficiency have been confirmed by the results of electrophysiological examination. During the therapy all the patients have had perception improvement of a sound image by the means of spectral characteristics reorganization of electroencephalogram and hereupon the new functional condition of the central nervous system has been created. Authentic improvement of quality life indicators have been observed too (vitality, quality of a dream, emotional reactions, physical activity).

Thereby, the bioacoustic correction method is modern, effective, safe, not medicamentous means of psychological infringements correction.
2579 – Human Trafficking and Mental Health
Authors: Howard L.M. , Oram S. , Mckenzie C. , Abas M. , Broadbent M. , Zimmerman C.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

A recent systematic review found a high prevalence of violence and mental distress among women trafficked for sexual exploitation; no data were identified for trafficked men and children.

Objectives:

To describe the clinical characteristics of trafficked people in contact with a large inner city mental health service compared with a non-trafficked cohort.

Aims:

To investigate whether, compared with a non-trafficked cohort, trafficked people would be significantly more likely to have co-morbid disorders and have significantly smaller improvements in functioning at the end of an episode of care.

Methods:

Study population: mental health service users who had been trafficked for exploitation and a non-trafficked service user cohort matched for gender and age. Data source: The South London and Maudsley NHS Trust (SLaM) Biomedical Research Centre Case Register Interactive Search (CRIS) database of anonymised full patient records (2006–2012).

Results:

We identified case records of 135 people who had been trafficked. 104 (77%) were female; age at first SLaM contact ranged from 8 to 49 years (mean 23.6, SD 8.0). 38 (28%) of the trafficked service users received psychiatric care from an emergency department. Depression (28.1%, n = 38), PTSD (19.3%, n = 26), non-affective psychoses (12.6%, n = 17) were the most frequently recorded diagnoses among trafficked service users. Further analysis is in progress and scheduled for completion by March 2013.

Conclusions:

Significant numbers of trafficked people were seen in an inner-city mental health service; services therefore need to understand their complex needs.
2595 – Major Unipolar Depression Across Bipolar and Schizophrenic Probands’ Multiplex Families
Authors: Valente J. , Nogueira V. , Roque C. , Soares M.J. , Pereira A.T. , Bos S. , Marques M. , Madeira N. , Azevedo M.H. , Macedo A.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

(1)

to identify the proportion of families that have at least one first degree relative (FDR) with major unipolar depression (MUD), across bipolar (BP) and schizophrenic (SC) multiplex families;

(2)

to assess if there are significant demographic/clinic differences between these two groups.

Methods:

The sample included 120 families with at least one first or second degree proband relatives diagnosed with BP or SC disorders. We selected BP and SC probands’ families that had at least one FDR with MUD, according to DSM-III-R. All families have been evaluated with Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies and selected according to the diagnostic definitions of DSM-III-R, based on the Operational Criteria Checklist. T-tests and chi-square tests used to analyze demographic and clinical differences between the two groups.

Results:

Out of the 60 BP families, 38.3% had at least one FDR with MUD; depressed relatives were predominantly female (68.7%) - sisters (35.5%), mothers (29%), daughters (3.2%). The average age of onset and length of illness was 35 and 15 years, respectively. Out of 60 SC families, 31.6% had at least one FDR with MUD; the majority of depressed relatives were females (81.8%) - sisters (42.9%), mothers (38%) daughters (4.8%). The average age of onset and length of illness was 30 and 19 years, respectively. There was no significant statistical differences between BP and SC families.

Conclusions:

These results may support the thesis of a common genetic vulnerability to MUD, and the continuum viewpoint of affective and psychotic disorders.
2605 – Comparative Study on the Degree of Parental Stress Between Mentally Retarded and Normal Children
Authors: Ahmadi Gatab T. , Maleki F.
Published: July 2013

Aim:

This study aims to compare the extent of mental stress between mentally retarded and normal children’s parents.

Method:

The study had a post-event survey design (causal- comparative one). The sample size including 120parents with mentally retarded children and 120 parents with normal kids was selected through clustering multi-stage sampling method. Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (QRS) developed by Friedrich et al was used to examine the degree of parental stress. Accordingly, by applying statistical t-tests for independent samp and Pearson correlation coefficient, the research data were analyzed.

Findings:

Results from this study showed that a significant difference was found at stress level between parents with mentally retarded children and those with healthy kids. in fact, the degree of mental stress amongst parents with mentally retarded children was turned out to be much more than that of in parents with normal children (P< 0.01).No significant difference was observed between mothers and fathers having children with mental retardation in terms of mental stress. That is, both fathers and mothers with mentally retarded kids suffered from the same degree of mental stress. Despite the fact that parents’ stress had nothing to do with child’s gender, it significantly increased with mentally retarded child’s age(P=0.01). On the other hand, the more the age of the mentally disabled child was, the more the stress of parents would be. Also, the relationship of parents’ literacy level with degree of stress was significantly different (P< 0.01).
2607 – Oral and Dental Health in of Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients: A Cross Sectional and Comparative Study in Kerman City, Iran
Authors: Ghaffarinejad A. , Chamani G. , Zarei M.R. , Mehdizadeh Zare Anari A. , Aghaabasi S.
Published: July 2013

Background:

There is little information on the dental health status and treatment needs of sub-population groups especially psychiatric in-patients in developing countries such as Iran. This study aimed to assess the oral and dental health status in hospitalized psychiatric patients.

Methods and materials:

The study was conducted in two psychiatric hospitals (Shahid Beheshti and Bahman) in the city of Kerman, Iran. The study population comprise of 193 psychiatric patients. According to the duration of the hospital stay, patients were categorized into two groups of acute and chronic. The oral and dental health of the patients were assessed using Decay, Missing, Filling Teeth (DMFT) index and Oral Assessment Guide for Psychiatric Care (OAG-PC). High score for these two scales indicated a worse oral and dental health.

Results:

The mean DMFT and OAG-PC scores of patients were 19.74±7.88 and 20.77, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that patients in chronic group had higher OAG-PC (P=0.014), but the difference of DMFT scores was not statistically significant between two groups (0.57). After controlling the effects of confounding variables the differences of the DMFT and OAG-PC scores were not statistically significant between two groups (p values = 0.88 and 0.64, respectively).

Conclusion:

The results of the present study showed that the oral and dental health in psychiatric patients were poor. Our findings indicate that it is vital to improve the oral and dental health status of psychiatric patients and thereby the quality of life of these patients.
2617 – Association Between type D Personality and the Somatic Symptom Complaints in Depressive Patients
Authors: Park W. , Jeong S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The defining features of Type D personality, that is, tendencies to experience negative emotions and inability to express emotions, are the known risk factors of somatization tendencies.

Objectives:

Many depressive patients express their mental distress through somatic symptoms. Therefore, it may be worthwhile to investigate the relationship between Type D personality and complaints of somatic symptoms in depressive patients.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between type D personality and somatic symptom complaints in depressive patients.

Methods:

Eighty-two individuals diagnosed with depressive disorder were included. Type D personality was measured with 14- item Type D personality Scale (DS14). Patient Health Questionnaire 9 and 15 were used to measure depression severity and somatization tendencies.

Results:

Two-thirds of the subjects were classified as Type D personality (63.4%). The mean PHQ-15 score of the Type D individuals was significantly higher than the remaining subjects (12.7 vs. 7.2, p=8.2E-6). The best regression model included age, PHQ-9 score and NA subscale score as predictor variables. Among these, only the coefficients of age (p=0.0015)and NA score (p=1.5E-7) was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The result showed that Type D personality was one of the strong predictors of somatic complaints among depressive individuals. The finding that alexithymia was not shown to be a significant predictors also substantiated this discrepancy. However, it might be possible that the high correlation between NA and SI subscore (r=0.65) and between NA and TAS-20 score(r=0.44) hid the additional effects of social inhibition and alexithymia.
2625 – Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Quality of Life Among Elderly Peopleresiding in Kahrizak Senior House
Authors: Farahaninia M. , Jadidi A. , Janmohammadi S. , Haghani H.
Published: July 2013

Background and aim:

Regarding the increasing number of elderly people, their quality of life.

Becomes more important. Spiritual health is one of the important aspects of health status that is often neglected. This study aims to identify the relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life among elderly people residing in Kahrizak Senior House.

Material and methods:

It was a descriptive, correlational study. The sample included 141 elderly people residing in Kahrizak Senior House who recruited by convenience sampling. Data was collected by Spiritual Well-Being Index (SWBI) and Short Form Quality of Life (SF36) and analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA, and t-test using SPSS-PC (v-16).

Results:

The mean score of quality of life was (50.36±11.3). Women’s quality of life was Significantly lower than men (P=0.000). The mean score of spiritual well-being was (96.26±17.93). There was a positive correlation between spiritual well-being and quality of life (P=0.008).

Conclusion:

Regarding the lower levels of quality of life especially in women elderly, more.

Attention should be paid to this group of society. Awareness of the importance of spiritual well-being in caring of these people is recommended.
2628 – Prevalence and Characteristics of Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Substance Use Inpatients
Authors: Abdelkarim A. , Salama H. , Abdel Latif S. , Abou El Magd O.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Comorbidity is common among adults with ADHD, including substance abuse. To our knowledge relation between ADHD and SUD has not been studied in Arab countries.

Objective:

Assessment of scope of comorbidity between ADHD and SUD in Egyptian patients.

Aim:

Estimating prevalence rate of adult ADHD among substance use inpatients and to compare substance use inpatients with and without adult ADHD regarding onset, and severity of SUD.

Methods:

This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in addiction treatment center at El Maamoura psychiatric hospital. One Hundred and two adult males were assessed using Arabic version of Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) for retrospective assessment of symptoms of childhood ADHD. Arabic version of Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) Symptom Checklist was used to screen for adult ADHD. DSM IV TR criteria were used for final diagnosis.

Results:

36 patients were diagnosed as having adult ADHD (35.3%) according to DSM-IV TR criteria. Presence of adult ADHD was associated with an earlier mean age of onset of SUD (15.58 vs. 13.22 years) and larger number of hospital admissions, (6.83 vs. 3.39 times). ADHD subjects achieved a shorter mean period of abstinence (124.53 vs. 209.82 days). Data were fed to the computer using the Predictive Analytics Software (PASW Statistics 18). Significance of the obtained results was judged at the 5% level.

Conclusions:

The results of this study confirm the high rates of adult ADHD among substance use patients mentioned in other studies. Presence of adult ADHD was associated with a more complicated course of SUD.
2629 – Impaired Emotional Processing is Reflected in Long Latency Event Related Potentials During Visual Emotional Stimulation in Post-Traumatic Patients
Authors: Shalev H. , Saar R. , Guez J. , Friedman A. , Shiber A. , Cohen J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

PTSD patients display abnormal emotional processing and bias towards negative emotion. Long latency eventrelated potentials (ERP’s) are composed of the P300 and subsequent slow wave activity. These ERP’s are hypothesized to be relevant for attentional and initial memory storage events as well as emotional processing. objectives: This study tested the hypothesis that abnormal emotional processing in PTSD is reflected in altered brain activity, as measured via ERP’s.

Aims:

Detect differences in cortical activity and emotional processing in PTSD patients as compared to controls.

Methods:

ERP’s were recorded from 14 PTSD and 14 control subjects while viewing emotion-laden pictures. Subjects were instructed to press a button depending on the presence of a person or human part in the picture and response time was recorded.

Results:

Long latency ERP data (300-1035 msec) showed valence dependent activity in control subjects distinguishing negative vs. positive and neutral pictures. PTSD patients, however, lacked differential activation and had similar brain activity across all picture valances, which resembled the pattern observed in controls only for negative stimuli.

[Late ERP’s 980-1035msec]

PTSD patients also exhibited longer response time.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate abnormal cognitive-emotional processing in PTSD patients and may underlie overgeneralization processes that are part of this disorder.
2638 – Successful Treatment of Narcolepsy with Methylphenidate (Concerta)
Authors: Kola V.P.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by diurnal somnolence and episodes of short duration sleep. It can occur in 0.02–0.16% of adults, generally before the age of 30.

Objective:

The aim of this work is to present tolerability and treatment response of Concerta in one adult suffering from narcolepsy.

Methods:

We report the case of a 28 years adult female with narcolepsy. One year ago, after a strong social stress, she manifested some symptoms of narcolepsy: excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and visual hypnogogic hallucinations. There was no family history of sleep disorders and not experienced premorbid seizure or sleep disorder. Diagnosis of narcolepsy is based on DSM-IV criteria, polysomnography and Multiple Sleep Latency Test. Sleep latency, rapid eye movement sleep latency, and mean multiple sleep latency were 2.9, 70.1 and 1.5 min, respectively. Twenty-four hour EEG monitoring, MRI imaging of the brain and serum chemistries were normal. At the beginning because of the misdiagnosis the patient was treated with lithium and olanzapine. Patient started Concerta treatment after 1 year with 9 mg/day at the morning. Dose was increased maximum to 18 mg twice daily over a 2-weeks period.

Results:

Treatment of narcolepsy with Concerta lasted 6 month. Visual hypnogogic hallucinations and cataplexy started to improve 3 weeks after adjustments in methylphenidate dosing. Three months after the initiation of therapy, the patient is completely asymptomatic. Side effects included faster heart rate and nervousness.

Conclusion:

This case support results from recent studies that methylphenidate is well tolerated and effective in narcolepsy.
2644 – Transient and Persistent Blood Dyscrasias Induced by Clozapine Treatment
Authors: Fabrazzo M. , Prisco V. , Salzano A. , Perris F. , Pellegrino F. , Catapano F.
Published: July 2013

Blood dyscrasias, other than agranulocytosis, have received little attention in clozapine-treated patients. The aim of the present study was to shed more light on the incidence and course of clozapine-induced blood dyscrasias that occur during the first eighteen weeks of treatment with the antipsychotic. The study included 135 patients (M 75 and F 60), with a mean age of 33.1±10.4 years. The blood dyscrasias appeared in 88.1% of the total sample and were divided, on the basis of their duration, into transient and persistent. The analysis of data revealed that persistent dyscrasias had a higher incidence (56.2%) when compared to transient ones (11%). Persistent anemia was more common in female patients (F 52.5% vs M 11.2%), while male patients had a higher frequency of eosinophilia (M 26.2% vs F 21.2%), neutrophilia (M 18.7% vs F 15.0%) and leucocytosis (M 21.2% vs 8.7% F). The correlation between clinical response and blood dyscrasias revealed a statistically significant positive effect for male patients with eosinophilia (p< .05) and a negative correlation for male patients who presented persistent leucocytosis (p< .05). Our data could be offered to alert clinicians to the possibility that hematologic complications, other than agranulocytosis, may be common in clozapine-treated patients.
2655 – Adherence in Egyptian Patients with Schizophrenia: The Role of Insight, Medication Beliefs and Spirituality
Authors: Amr M. , El-Mogy A. , Shams T.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

Reports about medication adherence in Arab patients with schizophrenia and the possible confounding factors are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whether insight, spirituality and patient beliefs about the necessity and concerns about medication were associated with adherence among those presenting with schizophrenia in an outpatient facility.

Methods:

At the end of a routine follow up with their psychiatrist, patients completed questionnaires including the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight (SAI- E), Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), Arabic Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) and Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) in addition to demographic and clinical information from patients and their medical files.

Results:

A convenience sample of 92 patients with schizophrenia was studied .On the basis of the MMAS results, 33 (14.7%) patients were categorized as medication adherent and 59 (49.3%) as medication nonadherent. Regression analysis showed that the BMQ concern subscale and DSES scores were negative predictors of adherence whereas the SAI score was a positive predictor of adherence. The most important predictor of adherence was DSES and SAI, followed by BMQ concern subscale

Conclusions:

This study extended prior research on the role of insight, spirituality and patient beliefs in medication adherence in a sample of Arab patients with schizophrenia which is consistent with previous research conducted in western cultures.
2657 – Does Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke Impair Everyday Memory?
Authors: Heffernan T.M. , O’Neill T.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) has a detrimental impact on health and may lead to deficits in general memory. No research has focused upon whether exposure to SHS affects everyday memory, of which prospective memory (PM: remembering future intentions and activities) is a good example.

Objectives:

To explore the links between exposure to SHS and PM.

Aims:

This study aims to compare a group of never-smokers who reported regular exposure to second-hand smoke (the SHS group) with a group of current smokers (the CS group) and a group of never-smokers who reported never having been exposed to SHS (the Non-SHS group) on objective PM.

Methods:

An existing groups design was employed to compare 24 SHS, 27 CS and 28 Non-SHS on The Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT) which measures time and event based PM. Age, other drug use, mood and IQ were also measured as covariates in the study.

Results:

The Non-SHS group recalled significantly more PM items on CAMPROMPT than both the SHS and CS groups, with the SHS group recalling significantly more items than the CS group. This was found after controlling for important covariates.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to observe PM deficits in non-smokers exposed to SHS. It is concluded that exposure to other people's SHS can impede everyday memory, but not to the same degree as found in active (current) smokers, when both groups are compared to non-smokers not exposed to SHS.
2658 – Binge Drinking and Everyday Prospective Memory Deficits
Authors: Heffernan T.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Binge drinking (BD) has been associated with a range of memory deficits, including prospective memory (PM: remembering future intentions and activities) deficits in the past. However no research to date has distinguished between levels of BD.

Objectives:

To compare heavy binge drinking with non-heavy BD and non-BD groups on objective PM.

Aims:

To compare varying levels of BD with non-BD upon everyday PM.

Methods:

An existing groups design was employed to compare a group of heavy BDs (drinking above 15 units per drinking session), with a group of standard BDs (drinking between 10 - 15 units per drinking session), and a group of non-BDs (drinking less than 5 units per session) on objective PM. The Prospective Remembering Video Procedure (PRVP) was used to assess PM, which required the participant to remember a series of actions (e.g. remember to buy “X”) when they reached specific locations (at the Phone Store) whilst viewing a CD Rom clip of a busy shopping high street. Age, other drug use and mood were also measured as covariates in the study.

Results:

The Non-BD group recalled significantly more action-location combinations on the PRVP than both the ‘standard’ and ‘heavy BD groups, with no significant difference between the latter groups. This was found after controlling for important covariates.

Conclusions:

It appears that BD per se is associated with PM deficits when compared with non-BDs, with heavy BD not adding to the PM deficits observed. Possible reasons and implications are considered further at conference.
2660 – Suicidal Ideation During Pregnancy and Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms in Postpartum: A Cohort Study in a Disadvantaged Population in Brazil
Authors: Pinheiro A.P. , Nunes M.A.A. , Hoffmann J.F.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

To estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation during gestation and risk factors for depression in postpartum.

Methods:

712 pregnant women answered the PRIME MD, and reported sociodemographic data, obstetric history and history of violence; 427 women answered the PRIME MD at 4-5th month postpartum. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between suicidal ideation and sociodemographic, obstetric and violence variables, and to estimate the association between risk factors and depressive symptoms in postpartum.

Results:

The prevalence of suicidal ideation during pregnancy was 10.3% (n=73). The prevalence of depression was 36.2% (n=258). Suicidal ideation was associated with: 0 to 4 years of schooling (PR=2.88, CI 95% 1.40-5.91), and 5 to 8 years of schooling (PR=2.63, CI 95% 1.45-4.77), being victim of violence in the current gestation (PR=4.35, CI 95% 2.81-6.74), and anxiety symptoms (PR= 5.49, CI 95% 3.58-8.40).

The prevalence of depression in the postpartum was 28.3% (n=121); 45 were incident cases (37%). The following variables were significantly associated with depression in postpartum: < 19 years of age (RR=1.82, CI 95% 1.03-3.22), 20-29 years of age (RR=2.19, CI 95% 1.30-3.66), lower income (RR= 1.49, CI 95% 1.00-2.23), depressive symptoms during gestation (RR=2.9, CI 95% 2.13- 3.97), anxiety symptoms during gestation (RR= 2.96, CI 95% 2.26-3.88), and being victim of violence during gestation (RR=2.04, CI95% 1.50-2.78).

Conclusion:

Gestation is not protective of suicidal ideation and common mental disorders. Treating common mental disorders during pregnancy is essential to prevent depression in post partum and to promote maternal's and infant's health.
2665 – Peculiarities of Emotional Disorders and Cognitive Disorders Development in Patients who Suffered from Cardiac Infarction and Cerebral Stroke
Authors: Mykhaylov V.
Published: July 2013

The research concerning nonpsychotic psychic disorders with 120 patients, 60 patients with cardiac infarction and 60 patients with cerebral stroke has been conducted.

Examination of the patients was carried out in four stages: Stage I - within 28 days after cardiac infarction or cerebral stroke, Stage II - 3 months after the event, Stage III - 6 months after the event, Stage IV - 1 year after the event.

The patients were examined with clinical methods, psycho-diagnostical methods (Hamilton scale of depression, Beck scale of depression, Spylberger scale of anxiety, Mini-Mental State Examination, quality of life WHO-100), statistical methods.

At patients with cardiac infarction in acute period the pain syndrome is the main one, leads to severe psycho-emotional disorders. Against the background of cognitive function preservation phobic, anxiety and depressive symptoms prevail, their intensity depends on the severity of pain. Subsequently, the primary psycho-emotional constituent element disappeared and anxiety-depressive disorders developed along with hypo- and anozognostical type of personal condition perception.

In cerebral stroke patients consciousness level disorders are the primary ones with cognitive and asthenic disorders with subsequent formation of psycho-emotional disorders, anxiety and depressive disorders with hypochondriac features against the background of persistent cognitive impairments.

The multimodal approach system of psychotherapeutical correction of nonpsychotic psychic disorders was developed. The proposed system demonstrated a significant improvement in 80% of cardiac infarction patients and 77% of cerebral stroke patients, a partial improvement in 10% of cardiac infarction patients and in 13% of cerebral stroke patients.
2666 – How Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Pandas/Pans Symptoms Overlap and can Cause Diagnostic Confusion
Authors: Greenberg R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

In recent years the number of youth given the diagnosis of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) has escalated and the question of overdiagnosis has been raised. The existence of the diagnoses on Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) and Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome PANS) has also been the subject of controversy.

Objective:

This poster compares the symptoms of these two groups of disorders and presents one case to demonstrate how these disorders may confound the diagnostic presentation of a youngster with mood and behavioral symptoms.

Aims:

The goal is to familiarize the reader with the symptomatic presentations of PBPD, vs. PANDAS and PANS and how to approach assessment and treatment issues.

Methods:

Similarities and differences in the diagnostic criteria for all three disorders will be compared. A case demonstrating the importance of recognizing both groups of diagnoses for maximizing therapeutic interventions will be presented.

Results:

Comparison will indicate how one or both of these disorders may be responsible for a child's mood and behavioral symptoms. The importance of this in determining the approach to treatment will be discussed.

Conclusions:

It is hypothesized that part of the significant rise in the number of youngsters being given the diagnosis of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder, may be due to the lack of recognition of PANS and / or PANDAS. Detailed history of symptomatology, past medical history, laboratory testing, family history of psychiatric illness as well as autoimmune disorders, may play an important role in the approach to treatment.
2672 – Getting Better with age: Do Mindfulness & Psychological Well-Being Improve in Old Age?
Authors: Hohaus L.C. , Spark J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Mindfulness has become an increasingly popular intervention or adjunct therapy but little is known about whether mindfulness attributes normally develop with healthy ageing. Despite many negative stereotypes, evidence is consistently emerging that one of the few benefits of ageing may be enhanced psychological well-being. Although mindfulness has been reported as an important predictor of well-being, research on mindfulness in older adults is scarce. One reason that older adults may improve in psychological well-being which has not been systematically examined is that healthy elders may become more mindful.

Objective:

To examine the contribution of ageing and mindfulness to psychological well-being.

Aims:

1.

To compare younger and older adults on mindfulness and psychological well-being.

2.

To examine the relationship between each facet of mindfulness and psychological well-being.

Methods:

Participants comprised 292 healthy adults including a younger group (N = 122, aged 17 -35 years) and an older group (N = 170, aged 60 -80 years) and completed the Scale of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB; Ryff 1989), and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ; Baer et. al., 2006).

Results:

T-tests revealed that older adults were higher on all facets of mindfulness, and psychological well-being. Correlation analyses showed that all five facets of mindfulness were significantly correlated with psychological well-being.

Conclusions:

Older adults were both more mindful and psychologically healthy. Each facet of mindfulness was a significant predictor of psychological well-being. Further research is required to replicate these findings and examine whether the positive relationship between age and well-being is mediated by mindfulness.
2673 – A Study of Psychiatry in the Movies “A Dangerous Method” An Example of Boundary Violations and the Birth of Intersubjectivity
Authors: Wilkes T.C.
Published: July 2013

David Cronenberg's movie is an example of how modern films have replaced myths and fairy tales for capturing our personal and archetypal projections. The recent movie, “A Dangerous Method” features a fearful and erotic symmetry between; S Freud, CG Jung, Otto Gross, Emma Jung and Sabina Spielrein and this will be deconstructed through the lens of Jungian Depth Psychology, using three core principles.

1.

The importance of the transferences and counter-transference will be explored. Then the rule of boundaries will be emphasized in the context of an ethical practice of Psychotherapy.

2.

The phylogenetic skeleton and its ontogenetic flesh will be examined as it is inflected through the relationship to the father together with the eroticized aggression in the archetypal theme of initiation.

Finally the fundamental differences between the two great scholars of Psychiatry- Jung and Freud, will be examined. Special reference to the role of the objective psyche versus the personal psyche, will be discussed.
2682 – Sexual Dysfunction in a Sample of 76 Male Subjects with Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Monteiro A.P. , Bapista S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Chronic and persistent alcohol use is known to induce sexual dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is a health problem that affects not only the individual's sexual functionality but as well their physical and psychological well-being, affecting their mental health.

Aims:

This study aims to analyze the relationship between erectile dysfunction and alcoholism in a clinical sample of 76 alcoholic patients.

Methods:

The study sample consists of 76 men, admitted to an addiction center with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence syndrome. Data were collected through the IIEF questionnaire (assessment of ED), the SADQ-C (assessment of prevalenece of alcohol consumption), and a sociodemographic questionnaire.

Results:

Most patients of the sample exhibit a moderately satisfactory sexual function. However, it was not possible to confirm the existence of a relationship between the severity of alcoholism and sexual dysfunction.

Conclusions:

Sexual dysfunction is common in patients with alcohol dependence. However, given the impact of treatment on sexual performance perceived by the respondents, it seems that this is an area that needs to be further investigated. Clinicians need to routinely assess sexual functioning in alcoholic patients so that other factors contributing to sexual dysfunction can be ruled out.
2684 – The Relationship of Affective Temeperament and Emotional-Behavioral Difficulties to Internet Addiction in High School Students
Authors: Ozturk F.O. , Ekinci E. , Ozturk O. , Canan F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Adolescents with Internet addiction were also shown to have higher scores in neuroticism and psychoticism temperament categories than those of the control group.

Objectives:

There is not a study in the literature addressing the correlation between affective temperament profiles and the Internet addiction.

Aims:

Our aim was to compare the affective temperament profiles and emotional and behavioural characteristics of adolescents with or without the Internet addiction.

Methods:

This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. It was conducted in a high school. The study sample included 303 students. A sociodemographic characteristics data form, Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (DSQ), and The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPSA) were used to collect data.

Results:

Of the sample, 6.6% were found to be addicted to Internet. Having a computer in the home (p< 0.001) was found to be related with higher scores on the IAS. The prevalence rate of anxious temperament for Internet addicts was more than that for non-addicts (p< 0.001). Dysthymic (p< 0.01), cyclothymic (p< 0.01), hyperthymic (p< 0.01), irritable (p< 0.01), and anxious (p< 0.01) temperaments; conduct problems (p< 0.05), hyperactivity-inattention (p< 0.05), emotional symptoms (p< 0.05), and total difficulties (p< 0.01) were found to be correlated with IAS scores.

Conclusions:

There is a relation between the Internet addiction and affective temperament profiles, especialy with anxious temperament. Furthermore, emotional and behavioural problems are more frequent in adolescents who have problematic Internet use.
2686 – Effectiveness of Music on Social Skills Among Especial Children
Authors: Ahmadi Gatab T. , Shayan N. , Maleki F. , Vahedi Ghajari A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction and Aim:

The present research will examine the effectiveness of music on social skills in male students who are mentally retarded but educable.

Research method:

This research applied an experimental method with pre-test and post-test tools. Therefore, to carry out the research, 40 eligible students were chosen from three especial schools in such cities as Amol (Bahmand school), Babol (Kusha school) and Noor (Tulo-e-Noor school) in Mazandaran province in Iran. Afterwards, they were randomly divided into two groups, namely control and experimental ones. Both Demographic Data Collection and Social Skill Development (by Vineland) Questionnaires were used to pile up the data. in addition to being provided by teachers' teaching, the experimental groups were exposed to rhythmic -melodious music for 12 sessions weekly, 10 minutes per session, as compared to the control groups who have been educated without the dependent variable (i.e. absent of rhythmic -melodious music).

Findings:

Results from covariance analysis revealed that after the scores of pre-test and other variables related to social skills had been checked, there existed a significant difference between the mean of remained scores in control and experimental groups. That is, the mean score of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (P=0).Eta square root equaling 1 explained 58% of covariance of remained scores (personal differences) in regard to musical effects.

Discussion:

Results of the research indicate that rhythmic -melodious music can be considered as one of the factors affecting socially developmental skills in especial children.
2689 – MRI Findings and Renal Function in Patients on Long-Term Lithium Therapy
Authors: Farshchian N. , Farnia V. , Aghaiani M. , Abdoli N.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Nephrotoxicity is a well-known pharmacological side effect in patients under long-term treatment with lithium. About 20% may develop renal insufficiency and in 33-62.5% of these patients renal cysts are seen.

Objective:

Some prior studies report MRI findings in patients undergoing chronic lithium therapy.

Aims:

To compare Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the kidney in patients undergoing chronic lithium therapy with renal function to determine if MRI findings are related to renal function impairment.

Methods:

Thirty five consecutive patients with mood disorders who were undergoing lithium therapy for at least one year were evaluated with a 1.5 tesla MRI imaging and renal function tests. Renal size and the presence, number and location of renal microcysts were analyzed and compared with renal function.

Results:

The mean size of kidney was 106.0 mm ± 6.0; 106.0 mm ± 11.0. The mean number of microcysts in both kidney was 6.2. There was a positive correlation between duration of lithium treatment and number of renal microcyst(P< 0.0001, r=0.773). Correlation between MRI findings and renal function tests were not statistically significant.(p> 0.05).

Conclusion:

The present study reports that longer duration of lithium therapy can increase number of renal microcysts.It seems that increasing renal microcysts are not consistent with renal function impairment and magnetic resonance may not be useful for prediction or diagnosis of lithium-induced nephropathy. Our study results suggest that the relationship between MRI findings and renal function impairment in patients on long-term lithium therapy is not clear and needs further studies.
2691 – Bilateral Transection of the Chorda Tympani and Lingual Nerves Increased Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors in Rats
Authors: Jahng J.W. , Kim J.Y. , Lee J.-H.
Published: July 2013

Sensory information plays an important role to determine psycho-emotional behaviors of individuals. in this study, we have examined psycho-emotional behaviors of rats after disrupting the oral sensory relay to brain with bilateral transection of the chorda tympami and lingual nerve (LNX). LNX rats are expected to lose their sensory information from the anterior two thirds of the tongue. Two weeks after the nerve transections or sham operations, rats were subjected to behavioral sessions to examine anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and the brain monoamine levels were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Initial weight loss after the surgery was bigger in LNX rats and this effect remained during the whole experimental period, although daily food intake per 100 g body weight became greater in LNX rats. Ambulatory activity was decreased, anxiety-related behaviors during the activity test increased, time spent in the open arms during elevated plus maze test decreased, and immobility duration during Porsolt swim test increased in LNX rats compared with sham rats. LNX rats showed anhedonia with decreased sucrose consumption compared to sham rats. Serotonin levels in the hippocampus were decreased in LNX rats compared with sham rats. Results suggest that disruption of oral sensory relay to brain may lead to the development of depression- and anxiety-related disorders, and decreased serotonergic activity in the hippocampus play a role in its underlying mechanism.

Supported by the NRF (2010-0003642) funded by MOEST
2696 – Functional Capacity and Subjective Satisfaction with Medication in Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Mohr P. , Rodriguez M. , Bravermanova A. , Melicher T. , Ceplova Z. , Pecenak J.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

The aim of our cross-sectional study was

(1)

to assess social and functional impairment in schizophrenia outpatients from the Czech and Slovak Republics, and

(2)

to examine a relationship between functional impairment and antipsychotic treatment and demographic variables.

Method:

Enrolled were schizophrenia outpatients in a stable phase of illness, treated with current antipsychotic medication for a minimum of one month. Recorded were demographic and medication data, administered were Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), Subjective Well-being Under Neuroleptics (SWN), and CGI scale.

Results:

The total number of study subjects was 926. Most PSP values were within the interval of moderate impairment. Functional performance correlated positively with subjective satisfaction with medication and negatively with symptom severity. Higher education predicted better functioning on PSP. The best performance was associated with a stable relationship and a useful work role. The patients who showed the best level of functioning were more likely to be treated with antipsychotic monotherapy. No difference among drugs in monotherapy was found in subjective satisfaction.

Conclusion:

The PSP values of stable schizophrenia outpatients indicated moderate degree of impairment. Improvement of functional capacity remains one of the unmet needs of schizophrenia patients.