bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN METODE PRELOADING DENGAN VAKUM KONSOLIDASI TANAH PADA PEMODELAN DI LABORATORIUM
Authors: Al Harits Ahmad Yasin , Istiatun Istiatun
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the parameter comparison of the magnitude of the primary reduction and consolidation time in the preloading method using PVD and vacuum method using PVD with modeling in the laboratory. The benefit of this research is that it can provide a comparison of the preloading method and the vacuum method in terms of accelerating the consolidation time as well as contributing to science in the field of soil improvement. Primary consolidation theory is used in this research. Quantitative descriptive research method with testing data collection techniques by means of modeling in the laboratory. The modeling of the vacuum method used a test tub measuring (1.2 × 0.6 × 0.9) m, the vacuum pump suction capacity of 5 Pa, the air hose as PHD and geomembrane cloth as PVD material. The preloading method with PVD uses a test tub measuring (0.8 × 0.6 × 0.9) m, preloading load in the form of bangka sand (ɣ = 1.532 t / m³) with a thickness of 10 cm and a geomembrane cloth as PVD material. In each test basin filled with soil and water with a soil volume weight of 1.3 t / m³, a ground surface height of 0.5 m and a groundwater level of 0.42 m. The results showed that with the same amount of reduction, namely 7.26 mm preloading method using PVD took 81 hours while in the vacuum method the time needed was 41 hours. Thus it can be concluded that the reduction in the vacuum method is faster than the preloading method with PVD. Keywords: Primer settelment, PVD, Vacum, consolidation time
Penentuan Prioritas Pengembangan Jalur Jalan Lintas Selatan Jatim Di Kabupaten Jember Dengan Metode IRAP
Authors: Achmad Wicaksono, Surjono Taufan Abadi,
Published: April 2021

Pembangunan infrastruktur (JLS) merupakan jaringan transportasi, yang berimbas pada pembebasan tanah, baik tanah yasan (masyarakat) maupun tanah masyarakat. Tujuan dari analisa ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik transportasi antar wilayah selatan di Kabupaten Jember, Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode anallisa diskriptif, IRAP dan SWOT.  Hasil penelitian diskriptif menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik transportasi antar wilayah/kecamatan di Kabupaten Jember untuk karakteristik perjalanan, maksud perjalanan 41,43% adalah perjalanan karena pekerjaan; waktu perjalanan rata-rata transportasi darat 30 menit-4 jam, jarak perjalanan antar wilayah terpendek 7 km - terjauh 73 km (antar kecamatan). Untuk karakteristik pemilihan pelaku pada sarana perjalanan,  transportasi darat dipilih untuk tujuan perjalanan yaitu bus (35,71%) karena bertarif dan mempunyai jadwal tetap. Sedangkan untuk karakteristik pemilihan pelaku sarana transportasi perdagangan, dipilih kendaraan jenis pick up (45,71%), dikarenakan ketersediaan angkutan dan kapasitas tamping angkutan banyak. Indeks Aksesibilitas Wilayah, semakin tinggi nilai IA (Indeks Aksesibilitas) menunjukkan semakin buruknya aksesibilitas suatu wilayah. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan terdapat perbedaan nilai indeks aksesibilitas (IA) antar kecamatan diwilayah selatan di kabupaten Jember. Nilai IA tertinggi terdapat pada Kecamatan Kencong (IA=5.925), menunjukkan aksesibilitas kedua kecamatan ini yang terburuk dari wilayah selatan Kabupaten Jember, sedangkan nilai IA terendah terdapat pada Kecamatan Tempurejo dan Silo yang memiliki aksesibilitas wilayah terbaik; Pada analisis SWOT, IFAS-EFAS dengan hasil perhitungan X =1.39 dan Y=0.60, terdapat di kuadran I dengan prioritas strategi pengembangan yang direkomendasikan antara lain adalah Perencanaan transportasi antar wilayah (kecamatan) secara terpadu, terintegrasi yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik wilayah (kecamatan) dan memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungan. Kata-kata kunci:  JLS, potensi wilayah , jalan pendukung.
STUDI EVALUASI JARINGAN DRAINASE JALAN DANAU MANINJAU RAYA KOTA MALANG
Authors: Setiono Joko
Published: April 2021

Along with the very rapid growth of urban areas in Indonesia, urban drainage problems is increasing as well. In general, the handling of drainage in many cities in Indonesia still partial, so it does not solve the problem completely flooding and inundation. Changes in land use due to increasing population growth, requires an adequate supply of residential land, the impact of which directly increases the discharge surface runoff will be collected in drainage channels. Sawojajar Housing is one of the biggest housing in the city of Malang, where the housing development, keep a few problems, one of the flood that happened in 2008 and the incidence of every rainy season yaang inundation caused by the drainage capacity is not accommodating discharge runoff, due to changes in land use and waste sludge. From the analysis of the magnitude of the runoff discharge using recent data, the amount of runoff discharge time 2-year anniversary of 1.66 - 2:32 m3/sec and time again for 5 years 2.1 - 4.2 m3/sec. The dimensions of the existing channel is still accommodate runoff discharge is seen from the criteria condition that occurs sub critical flow (flow). Problems that occur in the hydraulic aspects of the meeting Maninjau Jalan channel as a primary channel that is too upright dg channel Maninjau road so no back-flow, water can not get in and not be able to accommodate discharge from the channel Maninjau Road.  Keyword: Flow, Drainage, Flood
STABILISASI TANAH LEMPUNG PADALARANG MENGGUNAKAN VERMIKULIT DAN SEMEN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA DUKUNG (UCS)
Authors: Dewi Amalia Hendry,
Published: April 2021

Stabilisasi merupakan salah satu metode perbaikan tanah yang sering digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas suatu tanah baik dari segi peningkatan daya dukung, peningkatan stabilitas, maupun dari segi pengurangan penurunan. Banyak sekali penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kadar campuran yang pas digunakan untuk stabilisasi baik dengan menggunakan semen, kapur, flyash, maupun bahan stabilizer lainnya, tetapi untuk bahan stabizer vermikulit belum/sangat sedikit dilakukan.Vermikulit merupakan bahan yang steril porositas tinggi yang mampu menyerap air dalam jumlah banyak dengan cepat dan mudah juga dikeringkan secara cepat. Mineral tersebut selanjutnya dijadikan bahan pengisi (filler) untuk timbunan tanah yang kemudian dikombinasikan dengan semen. Hal ini karena semen dapat mengeras jika bereaksi dengan air atau berfungsi sebagai perekat hidrolis.Penelitian dilakukan pada tanah daerah Padalarang yang memiliki kurang stabil karena memiliki kadar air yang cukup tinggi. Tahapan pertama yang dilakukan adalah pengambilan sampel tanah, dilanjutkan dengan pengujian awal untuk mendapatkan parameter tanah asli, kemudian proses pencampuran material tanah dengan semen dan vermikulit, dan terakhir pengujian kuat tekan dengan menggunakan UCS. Dari penelitian didapatkan campuran bahan stabisisasi, vermikulit dan semen, dapat meningkatkan daya dukung tanah.Kata-kata kunci:  stabilisasi, vermikulit, UCS.
PENGARUH BENDUNG TERHADAP PROFIL MUKA AIR SUNGAI BATANG GADIS
Authors: , Sudarmanto
Published: April 2021

Placement of the weir in the river Batang Gadis will cause population anxiety in the village Pulungan which located upstream weir as far as 3 km, due to a weir can cause water surface profile of the river getting higher and ultimately to increase the pool of flooding in residential areas.Assuming modeling of river a uniform flow, river cross-section has a rectangular shape with width 50 m and 40 m, the roughness Manning 0.0025, the profile of water flow floods that occurred in 2 yaears, 25 years, and 100 years before and after the existing weir can be calculated by numerical integration methods.  From the calculation, the length of the water behind the weir is 1.4 km upstream towards the weir, which means that the depth of the water level rises to as far as 1.4 km and after that the depth of water before and after there the weir is same. Because the village Pulungan located 3 km to the upstream, the weir did not affect the increase in the flood waters in the village Pulungan. At 2 years flood discharge does not cause inundation in the village Pulungan, but the flood discharge 25 years and 100 years has led to inundation in the village Pulungan with the depth of each pool 0.971 m and 1.675 m. Keywords: uniform flow, numerical integration, inundation, flood discharge.
PERBANDINGAN ERECTION RANGKA BAJA JEMBATAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MAST CRANE DAN TOWER CRANE PADA PROYEK JEMBATAN TRISULA BLITAR
Authors: Agnes Hanna Patty, Armin Naibaho Singgih Fitra Utama,
Published: April 2021

At Trisula bridge project Blitar, Mast Crane (MC)  was used for the erection of steel frame bridge while Tower Crane  (TC) was an alternative for the implementation of structure work. The purpose of the study is compare the two  cranes in terms of time and cost. The bridge is of 70 m span; the maximum length of MC can reach is of 3 m and TC is of 40 m. The data of daily, weekly, and monthly report and the 18-week planned S – Curve were needed to find out the implementation time. The implementation cost was calculated from the setting cost of S – Curve at IDR 739.883.800,00. Pylon method was ratio of maximum strand force 0,914 for MC and 0,924 for TC.The calculations result in 283,065 hours of MC use at IDR 739.883.800,00. And 161,219 hours of TC use at IDR 1.056.436.000,00.Keywords: comparison, erection, frame.
PERENCANAAN PERLINDUNGAN PILAR PADA JEMBATAN (Studi Kasus Bangunan Jembatan Trisula-Blitar)
Authors: Gerard Aponno, Moch. Sholeh Winda Ekasari,
Published: April 2021

Trisula bridge piers located at the delta of Brantas River do not have any protection from the stream of the river when flooding. The purpose of the design is to find out the scouring happens to piers caused by the river flow, to determine what kind of protection used to protect the piers, to plan the implementation method, to find out the cost, and the implementation time.Water discharge, pier dimensions, the span and depth of the river, the condition of piers, and velocity of the flow were needed to find out the scouring by Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18 application. The result was employed to determine the type of the protection. To find out the estimated costs were calculated through SNI-2012. Ms. Project were applied to find out the implementation time.Keywords: bridge, piers, scouring, partially grouted riprap
PERENCANAAN PELEBARAN APRON BANDAR UDARA DENGAN METODE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA) (Studi Kasus Pelebaran Apron Bandar Udara Abdul Rachman Shaleh Malang)
Authors: Marjono, Trias Rahardianto Helmi Hermawan,
Published: April 2021

Current conditions of available capacities at Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport Malang  can only accomodate four planes. The increasing number of aircraft departures and arrivals at The airport by 4.7 percent per year, requires accordance with the requirements. Due to the increasing numbers of departure and arrival, apron enlargement design for the next five year was made using FAA method. The objective of the study is to find out the area of the apron enlargement, pavement depth including the time and cost. CBR data were obtained from Polytechnic soil laboratory, arrival, departure and layout data were from Department of Transportation Malang. From data obtained  FAA method is used to determine the enlargement and pavement depth . The calculations result in 11,253 m2 apron enlargement at a depth of 24 cm at IDR 4,897,100,000 in 133 work days.Keywords: enlargement apron, apron pavement, FAA
EVALUATION OF TRAIT VARIABILITY IN VARIOUS COLLECTION SAMPLES OF ALFALFA
Authors: Makarenkov Mikhail , Kozlov Nikolay , Komkova Tamara
Published: April 2021

The research was carried out in the field at the Central Experimental Base of the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology. The object of research was 41 samples of alfalfa. The samples were sown according to the scheme of a standard collection nursery. All studies and observations were carried out on the herbage of the second and third years of life. Statistical processing of the research results showed a generally high level of variation in the characteristics. We identified the 4 best samples for a set of features. Several significant positive and negative correlations have been identified, which can be used as indirect signs in the evaluation and selection of promising forms. This method allowed us to identify 3 genetically different groups (clusters) of samples that differ in the nature of the formation of traits. The first cluster includes samples 49, 54, 66, ... and 193 belonging to various studied species. But mostly they represent the species Medicago sativa L. The samples differ little in the content of crude fiber and crude protein. The second cluster includes samples 454, 605, 583, ... and 598, which had average values for most indicators. The third group of samples includes 192, 646 and 355 (Medicago lupulina L. and Medicago glutinosa M.B.) with a maximum content of crude protein. The analysis of the distance and kinship between the samples revealed the presence of three clusters that can be used in breeding for combinational ability and consolidation of breeding-valuable traits.
INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF PROPOLIS ON BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD AND MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS OF INTESTINE OF YOUNG PIGS
Authors: Gaponov Nikolay
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of experimental studies the influence of biologically active substances of propolis on micromorphometric parameters of the ileum in young pigs. The results of the experiment make it possible to ascertain a change in the functional activity of the studied organ after the use of the drug from propolis. Since the most active process of absorption of monomeric hydrolysis products, especially amino acids and carboxylic acids, occurs in the ileum. Hydrolysis of intermediate products to monomers and preparation of the transition to absorption is carried out by enzymes fixed on the intestinal cell membranes. And the level of bioconversion of feed and retention of nutrients depends on their shape and structure, which ultimately affects the payment for feed with products. Therefore, the study of the histology of the small intestine and especially the ileum is of great importance. So, as a result of the study, it was found that the most characteristic histological changes in the structural components of the intestinal wall are observed in young animals of the experimental groups. The thickness of the main lamina of the mucous membrane of the ileum in piglets in the control group is 308.28 ± 2.81 µm, in piglets in the experimental group – 255.49 ± 0.75 µm. The height of the villi of the ileum, in the animals of the control group, is significantly lower and amounts to 193.89 ± 2.66 µm versus 280.97 ± 3.37 µm in the experimental group. Similar changes are observed in young animals of the older age group. The height of intestinal villi in pigs of the experimental group significantly exceeds the indicator of the control group and is 256.89 ± 1.62 µm and 163.96 ± 0.61 µm, respectively. The muscle plate of the intestinal mucosa of the pigs in the experimental group is significantly thicker than the control and is 17.8 ± 0.2 μm and 8.89 ± 0.08 μm, respectively. The obtained experimental material substantially supplements the information on the biological properties of propolis preparations. In practical veterinary medicine, research results can be taken into account when prescribing propolis for medicinal and prophylactic purposes. Since histological analysis of intestinal sections did not reveal destructive or pathological changes in any of the compared groups. In feeding, using the obtained practical material, we can specify the stimulating effect of the propolis preparation to intensify the growth of animals depending on the age of the pigs.
ETUDES OF THE USA FODDER AND DIETS QUALITY EVALUATION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA
Authors: Popov Vladimir
Published: April 2021

This article is a narrative about application of the USA fodder quality testing system in Russia. Merits and demerits of the American system of an assessment of hay quality are considered. The Leningrad interregional veterinary laboratory (IVL) adapted principles of this system and has extended to all kinds of bulky feeds. It is recommended to check IVL model experimentally, to discuss and to consider on ТК 130 "Fodder production" as the project of GOST Р "Forages. A method of energy value definition". In the second case, on an example of the assessment sheet sent by the American testing laboratory, the ration of feeding a dairy cow at JSC "Dmitrovskie dairy farms", created according to the American model, is considered: assortment, quantity and quality of forages; the actual and demanded content of nutrients in a ration; relative parameters and ratios of nutrients; ration cost indexes. For comparison of standards of National research council (NRC) of the USA on consumption of dry matter, concentration of rumen degradable and nondegradable protein are compared with norms All-Russian Research Animal Husbandry Institute. Discrepancy of calculated parameters testifies to necessity of their experimental corroboration.
Seeds of spring brassica campestris in the diets of chickens-broilers
Authors: Kosolapov Vladimir , Zverkova Zinaida , Ishmuratov Halyaf , Osipyan Bella , Korovina Larisa
Published: April 2021

In order to save soybean meal, sunflower oil and reduce the cost of rations, new sources of raw materials can be used. In modern conditions, attention is drawn to the brassica rapa campestris, the seeds of which can be used as a fat and protein supplement. Experiments were carried out to determine the optimal rate for the introduction of seeds of spring rape variety Nadezhda into compound feed for growing broiler chickens. It has been established that this variety belongs to canola varieties and can be included up to 7% (by weight) in the composition of mixed fodders, does not have a negative effect on the state of the body and the growth rate of broiler chickens. The introduction of seeds of spring rape to 7% in the composition of feed for broiler chickens reduces the use of soybean meal to 4.7% and sunflower oil to 2.3% (relative). The efficiency of conversion to products by group was 61.93 % in the control group and 62.18% to 63.62% in the experimental group, respectively.
Variable world of the nutritionist N. P. Volkov
Authors: Popov Vladimir
Published: April 2021

Article is devoted to life and creativity of one of outstanding representatives of a zootechny of the XX-th century — to Nikolai Pavlovich Volkov. Well-educated (the zootechnician, cyberneticist, economist), he is the author of the unique project — variable norms of cattle feeding. It considers concrete conditions of economy, age, productivity, physiological state of animals, conditions of livestock keeping, a season of year, actual availability and quality of forages. After a semi-centennial period a factorial method again has been used by workings out of norms. Volkov’s original views on topical questions of a science and production are stated: about fodder analysis, effective means of grain processing, aminoadducts theory, the advisory help to farms of experimental base of Williams fodder institute, which stuff keeps in mind the creative work of well-known scientist Nikolai Pavlovich Volkov.
Fungal diseases of alfalfa in the non-chernozem zone of Russia and plant resistance to them
Authors: Solozhentseva Lyudmila
Published: April 2021

The article shows the importance of alfalfa for agriculture, presents the results of long-term observations (phytomonitoring) of the development of fungal diseases on the herbage of alfalfa variable, yellow (in breeding, control nurseries, competitive variety testing).
Evaluation of selection samples of sainfoin sandi on productivity in the conditions of steppe zone of the Central Chernozem region
Authors: Saprykin Sergey , Zolotarev Vladimir , Labinskaya Raisa , Chekmareva Anna
Published: April 2021

In order to develop new varieties of sandy sainfoin in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region, the collection samples of this crop were evaluated according to the productivity of green mass and seeds, and the most valuable ones were selected for further selection.
Economic efficiency of creation and long-term use of different-ripening grass stands for hay harvesting
Authors: Zhezmer Natalya
Published: April 2021

Based on the improved methodology, an economic assessment of the mowing technology for hay harvesting is given. The total cost (44.8–47.5 thousand rubles/ha) for the creation of early and medium-mature long-term herbage with the dominance of rhizomatous grasses paid off in 1.6–1.8 years. In the next 25 years, annual production costs amounted to 20.1–21.6 thousand rubles/ha with the cost of 1 feed unit of 5.1–5.6 rubles and a conditional net income of 15.1–20.1 thousand rubles/ha.
Economic efficiency of long-term multi-mowing use of different-ripening grass stands for haylage harvesting
Authors: Zhezmer Natalya
Published: April 2021

The economic assessment of the three-mowing technology for harvesting grass raw materials for haylage was carried out on the basis of new methodological approaches. The total costs (50.5–53.9 thousand rubles/ha) for the creation and use of promising different-ripening grass stands paid off in 1.6 years. In the next 3–27 years of grass life, due to the productive longevity of agrocenoses, 19.1–25.0 thousand rubles/ha of conditional net income were received. The cost of 1 feed unit was 5.2–5.8 rubles with a production margin of 69–87%.
Agroenergy efficiency of technologies for creating and using of long-year haymaking
Authors: Teberdiev Dalhat , Rodionova Anna , Shchannikova Maria , Zapivalov Sergey
Published: April 2021

High rates of recoupment of total costs by collecting exchange energy were revealed in long-term haymaking (75 years of life) for five technological systems of management. The collection of metabolic energy in a technogenic system without fertilization is 24.6 GJ per hectare, taking into account technological losses, in a technogenic-mineral system (N60–180P39K75) it increases by 1.8-2.5 times, in an organic system (20 tons per hectare of manure once every four years) it increases by 1.5 times.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH MASTERY IN NEWS ITEM TEXT THROUGH USING INPUT ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUE
Authors: Mitra Zuana Muhammad Mujtaba
Published: April 2021

The goal of this research is to find out whether input enhancement technique is effective in improving students’ direct and indirect speech mastery in news item text. This research is quantitative experimental research with pretest and posttest control group design. The data of this research is the students’ direct and indirect speech mastery in new item text. The data collection technique is by administering tests, using pretest-posttest design. The data analysis technique uses t-test formula. The result indicates that there was no difference between control and experimental group in initial abiity before the input-enchancemen-technique was treated. Whereas by using input enhancement technique there was significant difference between students taught direct and indirect speech mastery using input enhancement technique and those taught direct and indirect speech mastery in news item text without using input enhancement technique. Thus, it could be concluded that the use of input enhancement technique was effective in improving students’ direct and indirect speech mastery in news item text.

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan teknik peningkatan input efektif dapat meningkatkan penguasaan tuturan siswa secara langsung dan tidak langsung pada teks item berita. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental kuantitatif dengan desain control group pretest and posttest. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah penguasaan tuturan langsung dan tidak langsung siswa pada teks item berita. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan pemberian tes, pretest dan posttest. Teknik analisis data menggunakan rumus uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen dalam hal kemampuan awal sebelum dilakukan perlakuan teknik input-enhancemen. Sedangkan dengan menggunakan teknik peningkatan input terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar siswa dalam hal penguasaan tuturan langsung dan tidak langsung menggunakan teknik peningkatan input dengan hasil belajar siswa dalam hal penguasaan tuturan langsung dan tidak langsung dalam teks item berita tanpa menggunakan teknik peningkatan input. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan teknik peningkatan input efektif dalam meningkatkan penguasaan tuturan siswa secara langsung dan tidak langsung pada teks item berita.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Induced Tendon Stem Cell Conditioned Medium Promotes Healing of Injured Achilles Tendon
Authors: Zhang Zenan , Li Yutian , Zhang Tingting , Shi Manyu , Song Xin , Yang Shulong , Liu Hengchen , Zhang Mingzhao , Cui Qingbo , Li Zhaozhu
Published: April 2021

Tendon repair is a medical challenge. Our present study investigated the effectiveness of acellular therapy consisting of conditioned medium (CM) of tendon stem cells (TSCs) induced with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in promoting the healing of injured Achilles tendon in a rat model. Proteomic analysis of soluble substances in the CM was performed using an array chip, and bioinformatic analysis was carried out to evaluate interactions among the factors. The effects of CM on viability and migratory capacity of tendon fibroblasts derived from rats with ruptured Achilles tendon were evaluated with the Cell Counting Kit 8 and wound healing assay, respectively. The expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related protein was assessed by western blotting. Rats with Achilles tendon injury were treated with CM by local injection for 2 weeks, and the organization of tendon fibers at the lesion site was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining of tissue samples. The deposition and degradation of ECM proteins and the expression of inflammatory factors at the lesion site were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Biomechanical testing was carried out on the injured tendons to assess functional recovery. There were 12 bioactive molecules in the CM, with HGF as the hub of the protein–protein interaction network. CM treatment enhanced the viability and migration of tendon fibroblasts, altered the expression of ECM proteins, promoted the organization of tendon fibers, suppressed inflammation and improved the biomechanics of the injured Achilles tendon. These results suggest that HGF stimulates the secretion of soluble secretory products by TSCs and CM promotes the repair and functional recovery of ruptured Achilles tendon. Thus, HGF-induced TSC CM has therapeutic potential for the treatment of tendinopathy.
Visualization and Identification of Bioorthogonally Labeled Exosome Proteins Following Systemic Administration in Mice
Authors: Zhang Eric , Liu Yanwen , Han Chaoshan , Fan Chengming , Wang Lu , Chen Wangping , Du Yipeng , Han Dunzheng , Arnone Baron , Xu Shiyue , Wei Yuhua , Mobley James , Qin Gangjian
Published: April 2021

Exosomes transport biologically active cargo (e.g., proteins and microRNA) between cells, including many of the paracrine factors that mediate the beneficial effects associated with stem-cell therapy. Stem cell derived exosomes, in particular mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been shown previously to largely replicate the therapeutic activity associated with the cells themselves, which suggests that exosomes may be a useful cell-free alternative for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. However, the mechanisms that govern how exosomes home to damaged cells and tissues or the uptake and distribution of exosomal cargo are poorly characterized, because techniques for distinguishing between exosomal proteins and proteins in the targeted tissues are lacking. Here, we report the development of an in vivo model that enabled the visualization, tracking, and quantification of proteins from systemically administered MSC exosomes. The model uses bioorthogonal chemistry and cell-selective metabolic labeling to incorporate the non-canonical amino acid azidonorleucine (ANL) into the MSC proteome. ANL incorporation is facilitated via expression of a mutant (L274G) methionyl-tRNA-synthetase (MetRS∗) and subsequent incubation with ANL-supplemented media; after which ANL can be covalently linked to alkyne-conjugated reagents (e.g., dyes and resins) via click chemistry. Our results demonstrate that when the exosomes produced by ANL-treated, MetRS∗-expressing MSCs were systemically administered to mice, the ANL-labeled exosomal proteins could be accurately and reliably identified, isolated, and quantified from a variety of mouse organs, and that myocardial infarction (MI) both increased the abundance of exosomal proteins and redistributed a number of them from the membrane fraction of intact hearts to the cytosol of cells in infarcted hearts. Additionally, we found that Desmoglein-1c is enriched in MSC exosomes and taken up by ischemic myocardium. Collectively, our results indicate that this newly developed bioorthogonal system can provide crucial insights into exosome homing, as well as the uptake and biodistribution of exosomal proteins.
Manipulative Shallow Processing Induced by Presuppositions and Topics: Theoretical Perspectives and Experimental Evidence
Authors: Lombardi Vallauri Edoardo
Published: April 2021

The paper shows that implicit strategies for questionable contents are frequent in persuasive texts, as compared to texts with other purposes. It proposes that the persuasive and manipulative effectiveness of introducing questionable contents implicitly can be explained through established cognitive patterns, namely that what is felt by addressees as information coming (also) from them and not (only) from the source of the message is less likely to be challenged. These assumptions are verified by showing examples of “implicitness of evidential responsibility” (essentially, presuppositions, and topics) as triggers of lesser attention in advertising and propaganda. A possible evolutionary path is sketched for three different pragmatic functions of presuppositions, leading to their availability for manipulation. The distraction effect of presuppositions and topics is also explained in relation with recent developments of Relevance Theory. Behavioral evidence that presuppositions and topics induce low epistemic vigilance and shallow processing is compared to recent neurophysiological evidence which does not confirm this assumption, showing greater processing costs for presuppositions and topics as compared to assertions and foci. A proposal is put forward to reconcile these apparently contrasting data and to explain why they may not be in contrast after all. Also due to natural language quick processing constraints (a “Now-or-Never processing Bottleneck”), effort devoted to accommodation of presupposed or topicalized new contents may drain resources from concurrent epistemic vigilance and critical evaluation, resulting in shallower processing.
Case Report: A New Entity: Multiple Differentiated Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Advanced Clinical Behavior
Authors: Yang Jing , Gong Rixiang , Ma Yu , Gao Jun , Li Zhihui , Zhu Jingqiang , Gong Yanping
Published: April 2021

There are many histological morphological types of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but the most frequently seen types are conventional. A single PTC commonly has a conventional and/or a variant morphological pattern. PTC with multiple (more than two) well-differentiated morphological patterns are extremely rare. We herein report the rare case of a 48-year-old male with initial diaphragmatic, pancreatic, and liver tumors from PTC. Then, the PTC was discovered following resection of these tumors, an ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA) cytology of a huge mass in the thyroid’s left lobe revealed a PTC. After postoperative recovery, physical and ultrasound examinations identified an irregular large nodule in the thyroid’s isthmus and left lobe, several swollen lymph nodes in the left neck, a mass in the left gluteus maximus, and several masses in both the bilateral parotid and salivary regions. The US-FNA’s pathological examination confirmed metastatic PTCs in the left gluteus maximus and bilaterally in the parotid and salivary glands. An 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography and computed tomography scan revealed abnormal uptakes in numerous locations (e.g., thyroid’s isthmus and left lobe, bilateral parotid gland, and subcutaneous tissues). The patient underwent palliative therapy—including total thyroidectomy, bilateral central neck dissection, left lateral neck dissection, and excision of the bilateral parotid and salivary glands. A whole-body scan post-therapeutic radioactive iodine ablation revealed exclusive thyroid bed uptake. The patient subsequently underwent thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) repression therapy and chemotherapy with lenvatinib, and thereafter achieved stable clinical conditions. Further histopathological analysis of the PTC revealed multiple differentiated morphological patterns in the single tumor located in the isthmus and left lobe of the thyroid, and in some metastatic lesions. Different metastatic lesions also presented different morphological patterns of PTC. In conclusions, we identified a new entity of PTC as a multiple differentiated variant of PTC (MDV-PTC) with an aggressive clinical nature.
Telomere Maintenance Pathway Activity Analysis Enables Tissue- and Gene-Level Inferences
Authors: Nersisyan Lilit , Simonyan Arman , Binder Hans , Arakelyan Arsen
Published: April 2021

Telomere maintenance is one of the mechanisms ensuring indefinite divisions of cancer and stem cells. Good understanding of telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMM) is important for studying cancers and designing therapies. However, molecular factors triggering selective activation of either the telomerase dependent (TEL) or the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway are poorly understood. In addition, more accurate and easy-to-use methodologies are required for TMM phenotyping. In this study, we have performed literature based reconstruction of signaling pathways for the ALT and TEL TMMs. Gene expression data were used for computational assessment of TMM pathway activities and compared with experimental assays for TEL and ALT. Explicit consideration of pathway topology makes bioinformatics analysis more informative compared to computational methods based on simple summary measures of gene expression. Application to healthy human tissues showed high ALT and TEL pathway activities in testis, and identified genes and pathways that may trigger TMM activation. Our approach offers a novel option for systematic investigation of TMM activation patterns across cancers and healthy tissues for dissecting pathway-based molecular markers with diagnostic impact.
Expansion of an Unusual Virtual Memory CD8+ Subpopulation Bearing Vα3.2 TCR in Themis-Deficient Mice
Authors: Prasad Mukul , Wojciech Lukasz , Brzostek Joanna , Hu Jianfang , Chua Yen Leong , Tung Desmond Wai Hon , Yap Jiawei , Rybakin Vasily , Gascoigne Nicholas R. J.
Published: April 2021

Deletion of the gene for Themis affects T cell selection in the thymus, which would be expected to affect the TCR repertoire. We found an increased proportion of cells expressing Vα3.2 (TRAV9N-3) in the peripheral CD8+T cell population in mice with germlineThemisdeficiency. Analysis of the TCRα repertoire indicated it was generally reduced in diversity in the absence of Themis, whereas the diversity of sequences using the TRAV9N-3 V-region element was increased. In wild type mice, Vα3.2+cells showed higher CD5, CD6 and CD44 expression than non-Vα3-expressing cells, and this was more marked in cells from Themis-deficient mice. This suggested a virtual memory phenotype, as well as a stronger response to self-pMHC. The Vα3.2+cells responded more strongly to IL-15, as well as showing bystander effector capability in aListeriainfection. Thus, the unusually large population of Vα3.2+CD8+T cells found in the periphery of Themis-deficient mice reflects not only altered thymic selection, but also allowed identification of a subset of bystander-competent cells that are also present in wild-type mice.
PU.1 and IRF8 Modulate Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome via Regulating Its Expression in Human Macrophages
Authors: Yashiro Takuya , Yamamoto Machiko , Araumi Sanae , Hara Mutsuko , Yogo Kyoko , Uchida Koichiro , Kasakura Kazumi , Nishiyama Chiharu
Published: April 2021

NLRP3 inflammasomes play crucial roles in the initiation of host defense by converting pro-Caspase-1 to mature Caspase-1, which in turn processes immature IL-1β and IL-18 into their biologically active forms. Although NLRP3 expression is restricted to monocytic lineages such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, the mechanisms determining the lineage-specific expression of NLRP3 remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the transcription factors involved in cell-type-specific transcription ofNLRP3. We found that a distal, rather than a proximal, promoter of humanNLRP3was predominantly used in the human monocytic cell lines and macrophages. Reporter analysis showed that an Ets/IRF composite element (EICE) at -309/-300 and an Ets motif at +5/+8 were critical for transcriptional activity of the distal promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that two transcription factors, PU.1 and IRF8, both of which play essential roles in development and gene expression of the monocytic lineage, were bound to the EICE site, whereas PU.1 alone was bound to the Ets site. Knockdown of PU.1 and/or IRF8 mediated by small interfering RNA downregulated expression of NLRP3 and related molecules and markedly diminished the LPS-induced release of IL-1β in THP-1, suggesting that activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome was suppressed by knockdown of PU.1 and IRF8. Taken together, these results indicate that PU.1 and IRF8 are involved in the monocytic lineage-specific expression of NLRP3 by binding to regulatory elements within its promoter and that PU.1 and IRF8 are potential targets for regulating the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Improving the Accuracy of Krill Target Strength Using a Shape Catalog
Authors: Bairstow Fiona , Gastauer Sven , Finley Luke , Edwards Tom , Brown C. Tom A. , Kawaguchi So , Cox Martin J.
Published: April 2021

Antarctic krill are subject to precautionary catch limits, based on biomass estimates, to ensure human activities do not adversely impact their important ecological role. Accurate target strength models of individual krill underpin biomass estimates. These models are scaled using measured and estimated distributions of length and orientation. However, while the length distribution of a krill swarm is accessible from net samples, there is currently limited consensus on the method for estimating krill orientation distribution. This leads to a limiting factor in biomass calculations. In this work, we consider geometric shape as a variable in target strength calculations and describe a practical method for generating a catalog of krill shapes. A catalog of shapes produces a more variable target strength response than an equivalent population of a scaled generic shape. Furthermore, using a shape catalog has the greatest impact on backscattering cross-section (linearized target strength) where the dominant scattering mechanism is mie scattering, irrespective of orientation distribution weighting. We suggest that shape distributions should be used in addition to length and orientation distributions to improve the accuracy of krill biomass estimates.
Dentistry Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Among the Saudi Arabian Dental Students
Authors: Almulhim Basim , Alassaf Abdullah , Alghamdi Sara , Alroomy Riyadh , Aldhuwayhi Sami , Aljabr Abdullah , Mallineni Sreekanth Kumar
Published: April 2021

Background: The recent pandemic outbreak has created a huge impact on dentistry. Dental students and dental professionals are at a higher risk because dental practice comprises close communication and widespread exposure to blood, saliva, and other body fluids. It is imperative to evaluate the knowledge and perceptions regarding Coronavirus (COVID-19) among budding dentists.

Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental students regarding dental practices during COVID-19.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among undergraduate students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire consisting of demographic, knowledge, and attitude-based questions were circulated among the study population, and the responses for the knowledge and attitude were scored. Their mean scores were then calculated. Chi-square test and nonparametric tests were computed using SPSS version 21 software, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: 388 undergraduate dental students have participated in the study from Saudi Arabia. 68% of the respondents believed that they had sufficient knowledge regarding COVID-19. The mean score for knowledge was 5.84 out of 7. Females (6.24) scored statistically significantly higher than males (5.55, p < = 0.001). The mean attitude score was 6.34 out of 9. 93% were using PPE models, while 95% maintained social distancing. Out of all the participating dental students, only 16% were willing to treat patients during the pandemic, and 28% did not want to treat patients, 28% preferred teledentistry. The majority (44%) of dental undergraduates were willing to handle only emergency cases.

Conclusion: Accurate knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 and diversified opinion on preventive practices during the pandemic period among budding dental professionals evident from Saudi Arabia. Mixed opinions were witnessed among them in seeking help from professional societies. The majority of dental undergraduates were willing to handle only emergency cases.
Virtual Reality for Motor and Cognitive Rehabilitation From Clinic to Home: A Pilot Feasibility and Efficacy Study for Persons With Chronic Stroke
Authors: Jonsdottir Johanna , Baglio Francesca , Gindri Patrizia , Isernia Sara , Castiglioni Carlotta , Gramigna Cristina , Palumbo Giovanna , Pagliari Chiara , Di Tella Sonia , Perini Gloria , Bowman Thomas , Salza Marco , Molteni Franco
Published: April 2021

Aims:Continuity of care is an important issue in healthcare for persons after stroke. The present multi-center pilot study investigates the feasibility and efficiency of an innovative approach, the Human Empowerment Aging and Disability (HEAD), for digital-health motor and cognitive rehabilitation. The approach is explored within an in-clinic context (ClinicHEAD) and in continuity of care (HomeHEAD) for persons after chronic stroke.

Methods:Thirty-four outpatients with chronic stroke (mean age 55 years, SD 13.7) participated. The HEAD VR protocol was administered in two consecutive phases: Phase I in clinic (ClinicHEAD) consisting of 4 weeks of 12 supervised HEAD rehabilitation sessions (45-min), including motor, cognitive and dual task for all participants; Phase II at home (HomeHEAD) consisted of 60 sessions of the same VR activities, 5 times/week for 3 months. All participants in the ClinicHEAD were allocated (ratio 1:2) to continue with tele-monitored home rehabilitation (HH,N= 11) or to follow usual care (UC,N= 23). Blind evaluation was carried out at baseline, after ClinicHEAD, after 3 months of HomeHEAD and at 3 months Follow-up. Primary outcomes were functional mobility [2-min Walking Test (2MWT)] and cognition [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)]. Feasibility and acceptance were assessed with adherence to treatment and the System Usability Satisfaction. Within group analyses were done with dependent samplest-tests, and between groups HomeHEAD comparisons were carried out on change scores with independent samplest-test (p= 0.05, two tailed).

Results:The HEAD protocol was feasible with good adherence both in the ClinicHEAD phase (92%) and HomeHEAD (89%) phase, along with good perceived system satisfaction. ClinicHEAD resulted in a significant increase in functional mobility (2MWT,p= 0.02) and cognition (MoCA,p= 0.003) and most secondary outcome variables. At 3 months follow up of HomeHEAD the HH_group showed a further significantly greater maintenance of functional mobility with respect to UC_group (p= 0.04).

Conclusion:The HEAD VR protocol was feasible in clinical and at home tele-rehabilitation for persons in the chronic phase after stroke. In clinic the approach was effective in augmenting motor and cognitive abilities and at home it was effective in longterm maintenance of functional mobility, indicating its usefulness in continuity of care.

Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03025126.
Deciphering Multiple Sclerosis Progression
Authors: Meca-Lallana Virginia , Berenguer-Ruiz Leticia , Carreres-Polo Joan , Eichau-Madueño Sara , Ferrer-Lozano Jaime , Forero Lucía , Higueras Yolanda , Téllez Lara Nieves , Vidal-Jordana Angela , Pérez-Miralles Francisco Carlos
Published: April 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is primarily an inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system, triggered by unknown environmental factors in patients with predisposing genetic risk profiles. The prevention of neurological disability is one of the essential goals to be achieved in a patient with MS. However, the pathogenic mechanisms driving the progressive phase of the disease remain unknown. It was described that the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with disease progression are present from disease onset. In daily practice, there is a lack of clinical, radiological, or biological markers that favor an early detection of the disease's progression. Different definitions of disability progression were used in clinical trials. According to the most descriptive, progression was defined as a minimum increase in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of 1.5, 1.0, or 0.5 from a baseline level of 0, 1.0–5.0, and 5.5, respectively. Nevertheless, the EDSS is not the most sensitive scale to assess progression, and there is no consensus regarding any specific diagnostic criteria for disability progression. This review document discusses the current pathophysiological concepts associated with MS progression, the different measurement strategies, the biomarkers associated with disability progression, and the available pharmacologic therapeutic approaches.