bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder Orientation and Organisational Performance in an Emerging Market
Authors: He Xinming , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Li Xiaoqing , Piesse Jenifer
Published: April 2017

Previous research into Chinese firms' stakeholder orientation has failed to identify these firms' specific stakeholder groups. Additionally, there is little research in this line that reflects the recent Chinese constitutional transition. This study seeks to fill these gaps. It extends previous studies by identifying Chinese firms' key stakeholder groups, drawing on the descriptive approach of stakeholder theory. Based on the identification, the authors examine how these stakeholder orientations influence organisational performance and how they interact. Interviews with managers from 107 firms show that customer, employee, shareholder, supplier and competitors are perceived as Chinese firms' most important stakeholders; empirical studies using data collected from 307 Chinese firms reveal that orientations towards these stakeholders enhance organisational performance. Moreover, there are synergy effects existing between customer orientation and competitor orientation, while shareholder orientation has significant hindering effects upon competitor orientation as a reflection of recent institutional changes taking place in China.
How can SMEs Leverage Political Ties and Technological Innovation Capability to Acquire Government Assistance in a Transition Economy?
Authors: Wei Zelong , Hou Jigang , Wang Dong , Wang Longwei
Published: April 2017

While government assistance can help SMEs remove resource deficiencies, little research has been conducted from the firms' point of view to investigate the factors that can enable firms to win competition for government assistance. This paper attempts to address this gap by building a theoretical model to explore the effects of political ties and technological innovation capability on government assistance as well as the moderating effects of opportunity exploration capability and market-oriented transition. Six hypotheses are proposed and tested using a sample of 169 Chinese SMEs. It was found that both political ties and technological innovation capability have significantly positive effects on government assistance. Furthermore, opportunity exploration capability strengthens the effect of political ties while it weakens that of technological innovation capability. Market-oriented transition strengthens the positive role of technological innovation capability while it does not significantly weaken the role of political ties.
The Empowerment of Shareholders: A Conceptual Perspective
Authors: Chizema Amon
Published: April 2017

There is widespread concern that corporate governance mechanisms have failed to prevent previous scandals manifest in the failure of some large corporations. Consequently, improvements in corporate governance are being sought, like those embodied in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and regulators are considering further changes to improve the corporate governance system. Recently, legislation in many countries has pointed to the protection of shareholders. For example, the UK has revised the Combined Code with the aim of improving corporate governance. Against this background, this paper provides a conceptual perspective of shareholder empowerment, suggesting different but complementary ways of achieving this. Strategies to enhance shareholder empowerment include the formation of shareholder committees, improving shareholders' access to corporate information and shareholder activism.
Creating the Human Organisation for a New Company
Authors: Volard Sam , Day Peter
Published: April 2017

‘For many years it has been said that capital is the bottleneck for a developing industry. I don't think this any longer holds true. I think it's the work force and the company's inability to recruit and maintain a good work force that does constitute the bottleneck for production. I don't know of any major project backed by good ideas, vigor and enthusiasm that has been stopped by a shortage of cash. I do know of industries whose growth has been partly stopped or hampered because they can't maintain an efficient and enthusiastic labor force, and I think this will hold true even more in the future …’(1)
Austerity urbanism: Patterns of neo-liberalisation and resistance in six cities of Spain and the UK
Authors: Davies Jonathan S , Blanco Ismael
Published: April 2017

This paper explores neoliberalisation and its counter-currents through a six-case study of austerity urbanism in Spain and the UK. Applying Urban Regime Theory it highlights the role of urban politics in driving, variegating and containing neoliberalism since the 2008 crash. Variegated austerity regimes contribute to strengthening neoliberalism, but with limits. Welfarism survives austerity in felicitous circumstances. And, where contentious politics thrive, as in Spain, it holds out the potential for a broader challenge to neoliberalism. In contrast, austerity regimes in the UK cities are strongly embedded. The legacies of past struggles, and differing local and regional traditions form an important part of the explanation for patterns of neoliberalisation, hybridization and contestation.
ICT for Children of Immigrants: Indirect and Total Effects via Self-Efficacy on Math Performance
Authors: Kim Sunha
Published: April 2017

This study compared the direct, indirect, and total effects of information, communication, and technology (ICT) variables on math achievement for second-generation immigrant, first-generation immigrant, and nonimmigrant students. A path model was used to analyze U.S. nationally representative data from the Program for International Student Assessment to examine the effects of ICT access and computer use for schoolwork practice and for programming, with self-efficacy as a mediator. The results indicate that second-generation students with two foreign-born parents demonstrated significantly lower mathematics performance than nonimmigrant students. However, the first-generation students did not show any difference from nonimmigrant students. ICT access had significantly positive effects for all three groups, while computer use for schoolwork practice showed overall negative effects. Importantly, computer use for programming showed a differential effect across the three groups, with positive indirect and total effects for second-generation students but overall negative effects for the first-generation and nonimmigrant students.
Confounding Brain Stem Function During Pediatric Brain Death Determination: Two Case Reports
Authors: Hansen Gregory , Joffe Ari R.
Published: April 2017

A patient who has been declared brain dead is considered to be both legally and clinically dead. However, we report 2 pediatric cases in which the patients demonstrated clinical signs of brain stem function that are not recognized or tested in current Canadian or US guidelines.
Secondary Conditions Among Males With Duchenne or Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Latimer Rebecca , Street Natalie , Conway Kristin Caspers , James Kathy , Cunniff Christopher , Oleszek Joyce , Fox Deborah , Ciafaloni Emma , Westfield Christina , Paramsothy Pangaja ,   the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network (MD STARnet)
Published: April 2017

Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy are X-linked neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive muscle degeneration. Despite the involvement of multiple systems, secondary conditions among affected males have not been comprehensively described. Two hundred nine caregivers of affected males (aged 3-31 years) identified by the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network completed a mailed survey that included questions about secondary conditions impacting multiple body functions. The 5 most commonly reported conditions in males with Duchenne were cognitive deficits (38.4%), constipation (31.7%), anxiety (29.3%), depression (27.4%), and obesity (19.5%). Higher frequencies of anxiety, depression, and kidney stones were found among nonambulatory males compared to ambulatory males. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was more common in ambulatory than nonambulatory males. These data support clinical care recommendations for monitoring of patients with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy by a multidisciplinary team to prevent and treat conditions that may be secondary to the diagnosis.
Vehicle aerodynamics impact of on-road turbulence
Authors: Duncan Bradley , D’Alessio Luca , Gargoloff Joaquin , Alajbegovic Ales
Published: April 2017

The ultimate target for vehicle aerodynamicists is to develop vehicles that perform well on the road in real-world conditions. On the other hand, vehicle development today is performed mostly in controlled settings, using wind tunnels and computational fluid dynamics with artificially uniform freestream conditions and neglecting real-world effects due to road turbulence from the wind and other vehicles. Turbulence on the road creates a non-uniform and fluctuating flow field in which the length scales of the fluctuations fully encompass the length scales of the relevant aerodynamic flow structures around the vehicle. These fluctuations can be comparable in size and strength with the vehicle’s own wake oscillations. As a result, this flow environment can have a significant impact on the aerodynamic forces and on the sensitivity of these forces to various shape changes. Some aerodynamic devices and integral design features can perform quite differently from the way in which they do under uniform freestream conditions. In this paper, unsteady aerodynamics simulations are performed using the lattice Boltzmann method on a detailed representative automobile model with several design variants, in order to explore the effect of on-road turbulence on the aerodynamics and the various mechanisms that contribute to these effects.
Don’t Underestimate the Benefits of Being Misunderstood
Authors: Gibson Edward , Tan Caitlin , Futrell Richard , Mahowald Kyle , Konieczny Lars , Hemforth Barbara , Fedorenko Evelina
Published: April 2017

Being a nonnative speaker of a language poses challenges. Individuals often feel embarrassed by the errors they make when talking in their second language. However, here we report an advantage of being a nonnative speaker: Native speakers give foreign-accented speakers the benefit of the doubt when interpreting their utterances; as a result, apparently implausible utterances are more likely to be interpreted in a plausible way when delivered in a foreign than in a native accent. Across three replicated experiments, we demonstrated that native English speakers are more likely to interpret implausible utterances, such as “the mother gave the candle the daughter,” as similar plausible utterances (“the mother gave the candle to the daughter”) when the speaker has a foreign accent. This result follows from the general model of language interpretation in a noisy channel, under the hypothesis that listeners assume a higher error rate in foreign-accented than in nonaccented speech.
Moral insanity and psychological disorder: the hybrid roots of psychiatry
Authors: Jones David W
Published: April 2017

This paper traces the significance of the diagnosis of ‘moral insanity’ (and the related diagnoses of ‘monomania’ and ‘ manie sans délire’) to the development of psychiatry as a profession in the nineteenth century. The pioneers of psychiatric thought were motivated to explore such diagnoses because they promised public recognition in the high status surroundings of the criminal court. Some success was achieved in presenting a form of expertise that centred on the ability of the experts to detect quite subtle, ‘psychological’ forms of dangerous madness within the minds of offenders in France and more extensively in England. Significant backlash in the press against these new ideas pushed the profession away from such psychological exploration and back towards its medical roots that located criminal insanity simply within the organic constitution of its sufferers.
Intercorporeality and aida: Developing an interaction theory of social cognition
Authors: Tanaka Shogo
Published: April 2017

The aim of this article is to develop an interaction theory (IT) of social cognition. The central issue in the field of social cognition has been theory of mind (ToM), and there has been debate regarding its nature as either theory-theory or as simulation theory. Insights from phenomenology have brought a second-person perspective based on embodied interactions into the debate, thereby forming a third position known as IT. In this article, I examine how IT can be further elaborated by drawing on two phenomenological notions—Merleau-Ponty’s intercorporeality and Kimura’s aida. Both of these notions emphasize the sensory-motor, perceptual, and non-conceptual aspects of social understanding and describe a process of interpersonal coordination in which embodied interaction gains autonomy as an emergent system. From this perspective, detailed and nuanced social understanding is made possible through the embodied skill of synchronizing with others.
Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: de Andrade F A , Guimarães Moreira Balbi G , Bortoloti de Azevedo L G , Provenzano Sá G , Vieira de Moraes Junior H , Mendes Klumb E , Abramino Levy R
Published: April 2017

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect different ocular structures, such as cornea, conjunctiva, episclera, sclera, uveal tract, retina, optic nerve and vessels. Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations in SLE include different degrees of involvement of retina, choroid and optic nerve. Retinal changes are one of the most common ocular involvements and are frequently used as clinical criteria for activity, even if isolated. Studies show that up to 29% of patients with active SLE manifest retinal disease. The exact prevalence of choroidal disease is unknown, but is thought to be less common than retinopathy, due to under-diagnosis. Optic nerve disease, represented by optic neuritis and anterior/posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, affects approximately 1% of SLE patients. These ocular manifestations have been associated with neurologic flares, antiphospholipid antibodies, nephropathy, and increased mortality. The aim of this paper is to review the different aspects of neuro-ophthalmologic involvement in SLE. Since these manifestations are frequent and potentially severe, a multi-professional team approach is needed to investigate properly and provide early aggressive treatment in order to avoid visual sequelae.
Ribosomal P antibody: 30 years on the road
Authors: Viana V T , Durcan L , Bonfa E , Elkon K B
Published: April 2017

The identity of the protein antigens targeted by anti-cytoplasmic antibodies in lupus was discovered 30 years ago. These antigens are three acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins, P0, P1, and P2. Precise identification of the shared epitope on these three proteins enabled sensitive and specific immunoassays to be developed. Anti-P antibodies are highly specific for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and occur in 15%–35% of patients, depending on ethnicity as well as the age of onset. Increased frequencies of detection of anti-P have been reported in childhood SLE as well as in neuropsychiatric, renal, and hepatic disease. While longitudinal studies by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) consortium supported the association of anti-P with neuropsychiatric lupus, the predictive value of antibody determination remains controversial. This is likely explained by the heterogeneity of neuropsychiatric lupus as well as by the different methodologies used for assay. A number of experimental studies have suggested a direct pathogenic role for anti-P antibodies in brain disease. Findings include cross reactivity between anti-P and a neuronal surface antigen, which was detected in areas of the brain involved in memory, cognition, and emotion. Direct injection of anti-P antibodies into the brains of rodents was also associated with abnormal electrical activity and behavioral disturbances. Taken together, research over the last 30 years has established anti-P antibodies as a useful diagnostic marker of SLE and at least a subset of patients with neuropsychiatric disease. Further research is required to fine tune the association of anti-P with clinical manifestations and establish beyond high probability a pathophysiologic role for the antibodies.
S100β is associated with cognitive impairment in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Lapa A T , Postal M , Sinicato N A , Bellini B S , Fernandes PT , Marini R , Appenzeller S
Published: April 2017

Objective

To investigate serologic S100β protein levels in childhood-onset SLE patients (cSLE) and to elucidate their association with disease activity and neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestations.

Methods

We included 71 cSLE patients (67 females; median age 18 years; range 9–37 and 53 (47 females; median age of 20 years; range 6–29) age and sex matched healthy controls. Neurological manifestations were analysed according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. Cognitive evaluation was performed in all participants using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), according to age, and validated in Portuguese. SLE patients were further assessed for clinical and laboratory SLE manifestations, disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)), damage (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI)) and current drug exposures. Sera S100β protein levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial kits.

Results

The median S100β protein level was 116.55 pg/mL (range 1.53–468.50) in cSLE and 54.98 pg/mL (range 0.69–181.00) in healthy controls ( p < 0.001). An association was observed between S100β protein and NP manifestations ( p = 0.03). The S100β protein levels was associated with cognitive impairment in cSLE patients ( p = 0.006).

Conclusions

S100β protein levels are increased in cSLE with cognitive impairment. S100β may be considered a potential biomarker that underlies central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, especially cognitive impairment.
Slowing down modernity: A critique
Authors: Vostal Filip
Published: April 2017

The connection between modernization and social acceleration is now a prominent theme in critical social analysis. Taking a cue from these debates, I explore attempts that aim to ‘slow down modernity’ by resisting the dynamic tempo of various social processes and experiences. The issue of slowdown now accounts for a largely unquestioned measure, expected to deliver unhasty tempo conditioning good and ethical life, mental well-being and accountable democracy. In principle, there is little to object to in such well-intended goals. This paper, nonetheless, identifies several problems associated with slowdown, especially if presented as an incontestable doctrine. Despite its progressive feel, slowdown also stands for (1) a capitalist commodity, (2) a dangerous political objective that weaves together parochialism with fear-driven social sentiment and (3) an undesired subjective experience. Finally, I evaluate recent propositions around ‘accelerationism’ and ask whether they might tackle the pitfalls of both social acceleration and slowness. I conclude by arguing that neither slow nor fast can be preferred as universal solutions.
Beyond the security paradox: Ten criteria for a socially informed security policy
Authors: Pavone Vincenzo , Ball Kirstie , Degli Esposti Sara , Dibb Sally , Santiago-Gómez Elvira
Published: April 2017

This article investigates the normative and procedural criteria adopted by European citizens to assess the acceptability of surveillance-oriented security technologies. It draws on qualitative data gathered at 12 citizen summits in nine European countries. The analysis identifies 10 criteria, generated by citizens themselves, for a socially informed security policy. These criteria not only reveal the conditions, purposes and operation rules that would make current European security policies and technologies more consistent with citizens’ priorities. They also cast light on an interesting paradox: although people feel safe in their daily lives, they believe security could, and should, be improved.
Interculturality, Intraculturality and Education: New Proposals for Sociocultural Intervention in Latin America
Authors: Gervás Jesús M. Aparicio , Martins Daniel Valério , Bilbao Charles David Tilley , Barcelar Lucicleide de Souza
Published: April 2017

Today it is difficult to investigate how to deal with the interaction of heterogeneous societies living in common spaces of coexistence (interculturality). Certainly, the intervention in this field of scientific knowledge requires to know and to be able to apply the concepts, models and paradigms of social relation that differ considerably according to the social context in which we are investigating. It is not the same (although done fairly frequently), contextualizing this situation in the American society, or in the European, Asian or Latin American, to give some examples. The education, through a new concept of sociocultural relations, specific to each context, will favour the establishment of ties to promote and encourage the coexistence of peoples. This coexistence in the social context of Latin America is based on the momentum generated by the Indigenous Peoples that have led to profound changes in educational paradigms and social relations. The new situation causes the interaction of such disparate concepts as intra- and transculturality through the incidence of identity in the context of globalization.
Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurement in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Follow-Up Study
Authors: Akbay Nilay Orak , Bingol Zuleyha , Kiyan Esen , Karaayvaz Ekrem Bilal , Bilge Ahmet Kaya , Issever Halim , Okumus Gulfer
Published: April 2017

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disease although significant improvements in treatment are achieved. Easily implemented and noninvasive prognostic techniques are needed while following-up these patients. The aim was to investigate the role of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in follow-up for patients with PH. In this longitudinal study, patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) who were seen in PH Outpatient Clinic, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, were enrolled in the study. Echocardiography, 6-minute walking test, brain natriuretic peptide, and FeNO measurements were performed, and World Health Organization functional class was evaluated to all patients at baseline, and third, and sixth months. Right-heart catheterization and pulmonary function tests at the time of diagnosis were recorded. The study comprised 31 patients (23 women, 8 men; mean age: 53.4 ± 17.1 years) with PAH (n = 19) and CTEPH (n = 12) and 80 healthy controls. Patients with PH had lower FeNO values than the control group (16.5 ppb vs 19.8 ppb; P < .05). Fractional exhaled nitric oxide values did not change during follow-up and did not correlate with other follow-up measures except tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion values. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide was higher in the idiopathic PAH subgroup at baseline and at third month than patients with PAH associated with other diseases. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide did not change in patients who had clinical deterioration. As a conclusion; Patients with PH had lower FeNO values than healthy controls, but FeNO did not change significantly during follow-up. Large-scale studies with prolonged follow-up periods are needed to understand the role of FeNO in the follow-up of the patients with PH.
Integrating Multimodal Arguments Into High School Writing Instruction
Authors: Howell Emily , Butler Tracy , Reinking David
Published: April 2017

We conducted a formative experiment investigating how an intervention that engaged students in constructing multimodal arguments could be integrated into high school English instruction to improve students’ argumentative writing. The intervention entailed three essential components: (a) construction of arguments defined as claims, evidence, and warrants; (b) digital tools that enabled the construction of multimodal arguments; and (c) a process approach to writing. The intervention was implemented for 11 weeks in high school English classrooms. Data included classroom observations; interviews with the teacher, students, and administrators; student reflections; and the products students created. These data, analyzed using grounded-theory coding and constant-comparison analysis, informed iterative modifications of the intervention. A retrospective analysis led to several assertions contributing to an emerging pedagogical theory that may guide efforts to promote high school students’ ability to construct arguments using digital tools.
Nutritional Support of the Critically Ill Pediatric Patient: Foundations and Controversies
Authors: Ardila Gómez Iván José , González Carolina Bonilla , Martínez Palacio Paula Andrea , Mercado Santis Elida Teresa , Tibaduiza Bayona José Daniel , Contreras Hernández Juan Pablo , Sarmiento Jaime Fernández
Published: April 2017

Critically ill children require nutritional support that will give them nutritional and non-nutritional support to successfully deal with their disease. In the past few years, we have been able to better understand the pathophysiology of critical illness, which has made possible the establishment of nutritional strategies resulting in an improved nutritional status, thus optimizing the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay and decreasing morbidity and mortality. Critical illness is associated with significant metabolic stress. It is crucial to understand the physiological response to stress to create nutritional recommendations for critically ill pediatric patients in the PICU.
Sense and sensibility: Dual knowledge bases of Greenwich House, NYC, 1902–1920
Authors: Simon Barbara Levy
Published: April 2017

Both interpretive and positivist research were a daily part of early work by social workers in settlement houses of the US Social Workers from 1902 to 1922 at Greenwich House, a settlement house (neighborhood center) founded on the west side of Greenwich Village, New York City in 1902, involved themselves in diverse investigative methods. As this analysis reveals, Greenwich House workers pursued case studies of families, residential blocks, neighborhoods, and workplaces; ethnographic depictions of an alley and a garment workers’ strike; participant-observation of tenement households, small businesses, street life, and urban factories; and social surveys on the sanitary conditions and degree of housing congestion in the neighborhoods surrounding Greenwich House.
Play and Gameful Movies: The Ludification of Modern Cinema
Authors: Larsen Lasse Juel
Published: April 2017

The aim of this article is to advance a conceptual framework of ludification by separating out current thinking to incorporate two noninteractive cinematic areas—playful aesthetics and gameful narratives. Ludification is usually associated with the construction of ludic identities and cultural practices in the usage of new media or with application of game elements in nongame contexts known as gamification. This overlooks, on the one hand, the influence of cinematic aesthetics on computer games and, on the other hand, the extent to which play aspects and computer game elements imprint and transform the narrative compositional structures of modern cinema. The present study’s investigation will present an expanded conceptualization of ludification, classified by playfulness and gamefulness through interactive/noninteractive properties, aesthetic forms of expressions, and narrative compositions under the respective headings of gamification and cinemafication. These efforts unearth five traits of computer game influences on contemporary cinema presented under the headings, (1) play worlds, (2) ludified quests, (3) controller and interfaces, (4) play experience, and (5) game structure.
A practical approach to the pharmacological management of hypertension in older people
Authors: Parekh Nikesh , Page Amy , Ali Khalid , Davies Kevin , Rajkumar Chakravarthi
Published: April 2017

Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in adults over the age of 65. The first part of this paper is an overview, summarizing the current guidelines on the pharmacological management of hypertension in older adults in Europe and the USA, and evidence from key trials that contributed to the guidelines. In the second part of the paper, we will discuss the major challenges of managing hypertension in the context of multimorbidity, including frailty, orthostatic hypotension (OH), falls and cognitive impairment that are associated with ageing. A novel ‘BEGIN’ algorithm is proposed for use by prescribers prior to initiating antihypertensive therapy to guide safe medication use in older adults. Practical suggestions are highlighted to aid practitioners in making rational decisions to treat and monitor hypertension, and for considering withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs in the complex older person.
How does health feel? Towards research on the affective atmospheres of digital health
Authors: Lupton Deborah
Published: April 2017

The concept of affective atmospheres has recently emerged in cultural geography to refer to the feelings that are generated by the interactions and movements of human and nonhuman actors in specific spaces and places. Affective atmospheres can have profound effects on the ways in which people think and feel about and sense the spaces they inhabit and through which they move and the other actors in those spaces. Thus far, very little research has adopted this concept to explore the ways in which digital health technologies are used. As part of seeking to redress this lacuna, in this essay I draw on previously published literature on affective atmospheres to demonstrate and explain the implications of this scholarship for future theoretical and empirical scholarship about digital health practices that pays attention to their affective and sensory elements. The article is structured into six parts. The first part outlines the concepts and research practices underpinning affective atmospheres scholarship. In the second part, I review some of the research that looks at place, space and mobilities in relation to affective atmospheres. In the third part I focus more specifically on the affective atmospheres of medical encounters, and then move on to digital technology use in the fourth part. I then address in the fifth part, some relevant scholarship on digital health technologies. I end the essay with some reflections of directions in which future research taking up the concept of affective atmospheres in the context of digital health technologies can go. The key research question that these topics all work towards is that asking ‘How does digital health feel?’
Combination HIV Prevention Strategy Implementation in El Salvador: Perceived Barriers and Adaptations Reported by Outreach Peer Educators and Supervisors
Authors: Buck Meredith , Dickson-Gomez Julia , Bodnar Gloria
Published: April 2017

El Salvador was one of three countries to receive funding from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria to conduct a combination HIV prevention intervention among transwomen (TW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and commercial sex workers (CSW). Program evaluation revealed that prevention activities reached only 50% of the target population. The purpose of this study is to examine the barriers that Salvadoran educators faced in implementing the peer education as designed and adaptations made as a result. Between March and June 2015, 18 in-depth interviews with educators were conducted. Violence was reported as the biggest barrier to intervention implementation. Other barriers differed by subpopulation. The level of violence and discrimination calls into question the feasibility and appropriateness of peer-led interventions in the Salvadoran context and demonstrates the importance of implementation research when translating HIV prevention interventions developed in high-income countries to low- and middle-income countries.
Understanding the Burden Experienced by Caregivers of Older Adults Who Use a Powered Wheelchair: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rushton Paula W. , Labbé Delphine , Demers Louise , Miller William C. , Mortenson William B. , Kirby R. Lee
Published: April 2017

Objective: In this study, we aimed to describe the burden of family caregivers providing powered wheelchair-related and overall assistance and test the hypotheses that caregiver burden correlates with participation, wheelchair skills capacity, anxiety, depression, and social support. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Participants included 35 family caregivers of powered wheelchair users. Caregivers were assessed using the Power Mobility Caregiver Assistive Technology Outcome Measure, Late Life Disability Instrument, Wheelchair Skills Test Questionnaire for caregivers, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List–12. Results: The most burdensome powered wheelchair assistance items were providing verbal hints/directions, needing to be nearby, anxiety, and fear that user may be harmed. The most burdensome overall assistance item was feeling limited in recreational/leisure activities. Caregiver burden was significantly correlated with participation limitations, anxiety, depression, and social support. Discussion: Caregivers experience burden for wheelchair-related and overall help, especially psychological burden. Such results have implications for the type of resources required to support family caregivers.
Treatment restrictions in patients with severe stroke are associated with an increased risk of death
Authors: Geurts Marjolein , de Kort Floor AS , de Kort Paul LM , van Tuijl Julia H , van Thiel Ghislaine JMW , Kappelle L Jaap , van der Worp H Bart
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Treatment restrictions in the first 2 days after intracerebral haemorrhage have been independently associated with an increased risk of early death. It is unknown whether these restrictions also affect mortality if these are installed several days after stroke onset.

Patients and methods

Sixty patients with severe functional dependence at day 4 after ischaemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage were included in this prospective two-centre cohort study. The presence of treatment restrictions was assessed at the day of inclusion. Information about mortality, functional outcome (modified Rankin scale) score and quality of life (visual analogue scale) was recorded 6 months after stroke onset. Poor outcome was defined as modified Rankin scale >3. Satisfactory quality of life was defined as visual analogue scale ≥ 60.

Results

At 6 months, 30 patients had died, 19 survivors had a poor functional outcome and 9 patients had a poor quality of life. Treatment restrictions were independently associated with mortality at 6 months (adjusted relative risk, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.59; p = 0.01), but not with functional outcome.

Discussion

Our findings were observed in 60 selected patients with severe stroke.

Conclusion

The instalment of treatment restrictions by itself may increase the risk of death after stroke, even if the first 4 days have passed. In future stroke studies, this potential confounder should be taken into account. Quality of life was satisfactory in the majority of the survivors, despite considerable disability.
A Histological Study of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Related to Human Cytomegalovirus Reactivation
Authors: Yoneda Sho , Imagawa Akihisa , Fukui Kenji , Uno Sae , Kozawa Junji , Sakai Makoto , Yumioka Toshiki , Iwahashi Hiromi , Shimomura Iichiro
Published: April 2017

Context:

Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is thought to be partly caused by virus infection.

Objective:

This study investigated the mechanism of β cell destruction in fulminant T1DM after drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS).

Methods:

We determined the localization of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the expression of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and viral receptors of Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), together with inflammatory cells, by immunohistochemistry of the autopsy pancreas of a patient with fulminant T1DM with DIHS and in seven subjects with normal glucose tolerance who underwent pancreatectomy.

Results:

HCMV-positive cells were detected in islets and exocrine areas in the patient with fulminant T1DM. Greater numbers of macrophages and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes had infiltrated into HCMV-positive islets than into HCMV-negative islets, and 52.6% of HCMV-positive cells were also positive for IRF3. α Cells expressed IRF3, ZBP1, or RIG-I. No HCMV-positive cells were detected in the control subjects. HHV-6−positive, but not EBV-positive, cells were present in the patient and the control subjects.

Conclusions:

These findings indicate that the immunoresponse caused by HCMV infection was associated with β cell injury.
Modeling Affective Labor
Authors: Halligan Benjamin
Published: April 2017

Photographer Terry Richardson works in a digital aesthetic vernacular that looks more to underground hard-core pornography of yesteryear than traditions associated with the institutionalization of erotica, as associated with Playboy. And yet his images, in Kibosh and Terryworld, anticipate the contemporary public recalibration of ideas of intimacy as associated with social media, tally with contested ideas of the sexualization of female empowerment as associated with contested elements of third wave feminism, and can be read as a contemporary phase of Antonio Negri’s theory of art and immaterial labor in their evidencing of the affective labor on the part of the photographer himself. This critical commentary, the first such academic writing on Richardson, explores his work in these contexts and considers Richardson’s return to the figure (over abstraction) as evidencing and exploring of the nature of work, and the nascent eroticization of working relations, under Western neoliberal regimes.
Picasso Is Mightier Than the M16
Authors: Toukan Hanan
Published: April 2017

This article studies the Picasso in Palestine exhibit in light of what it means to be a modern and resistant Palestinian colonial subject, living in a sovereign state-to-be in our contemporary global world. By drawing on theories of the imagination, resistance studies, art, and internal relations, as well as discourse analysis of the content of the project, field interview material, and published critiques of the project, the article queries the conceptual boundaries of studying the Picasso in Palestine project. The article contextualizes a moment in Palestine’s history of visual cultural production within wider debates and scholarship on the construction of resistant praxis in cultural production; the distribution of power; culture and representation; and image circulation, translation, and reception in a colonial setting, global context, and transnational frame. Tracing the readings of the project across transnational space by locating them within the discourses they engaged with in both the “global” arts circuit as well as the “local” cultural scene, the article rethinks transnational processes of arts production emergent from and focused on Palestine, the different forms that resistance in cultural practices take and how they acquire different meanings in the process of travel.
Characteristic Isotherms for a Mixed Molecular Layer Composed of Phospholipid and Fatty Acid
Authors: Nakata Satoshi , Seki Yota , Nomura Mio , Fukuhara Koichi , Denda Mitsuhiro
Published: April 2017

A mixed molecular layer composed of phospholipids and fatty acids (carbon number: 18) was investigated experimentally to understand the interaction between them depending on the number of double bonds in the fatty acids. The surface pressure–surface area (Π–A) isotherm for 1,2-di-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) at an air/water interface characteristically changed with the addition of fatty acid, i.e., A at Π was not changed for oleic acid very much in comparison with other fatty acids. The degree of the decrease in A at Π for 1,2-di-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was not changed for stearic acid very much in comparison with other fatty acids, suggesting different responses to fatty acids between the two compounds. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to evaluate the interaction between DOPC and fatty acid molecules.
Inventory Management in a Consumer Electronics Closed-Loop Supply Chain
Authors: Calmon Andre P. , Graves Stephen C.
Published: April 2017

The goal of this paper is to describe, model, and optimize inventory in a reverse logistics system that supports the warranty returns and replacements for a consumer electronic device. The context and motivation for this work stem from a collaboration with an industrial partner, a Fortune 100 company that sells consumer electronics. The reverse logistics system is a closed-loop supply chain: failed devices are returned for repair and refurbishing; this inventory is then used to serve warranty claims or sold through a side sales channel. Managing inventory in this system is challenging because of the short life cycle of these devices and the rapidly declining value for the inventory. We examine an inventory model that captures these dynamics. We characterize the structure of the optimal policy for this problem for stochastic demand and introduce an algorithm to calculate optimal sell-down levels. We also provide a closed-form policy for the deterministic version of the problem, and we use this policy as a certainty-equivalent approximation to the stochastic optimal policy. Finally, using numerical experiments, we analyze the sensitivity of this system to changes in various parameters, and we also evaluate the performance of the certainty-equivalent approximation using data from our industrial partner.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0622 .
Eucalyptus sp. at the Intersection of Environment and Culture in Kenya
Authors: Garrett Kluthe Brandy M , Chen Diana K
Published: April 2017

Members of the genus Eucalyptus are popular on small farms throughout Kenya, and include species such as Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalpytus globulus, and Eucalyptus grandis. Although they are fast-growing and perform well on marginal land, these trees are associated with negative environmental effects in Africa and elsewhere they have been introduced. In-person surveys were conducted with small farmers in Kenya to determine patterns of Eucalyptus sp. stand use and cultural importance. It was found that despite acknowledged short and long term environmental consequences, Eucalyptus sp. remains popular for medium term economic investment. These findings are consistent with other reports of Eucalyptus sp. woodlots serving as funding sources for education, health emergencies, etc., in parts of the world where bank loans are unavailable. Further, it was found that some farmers are using modified silviculture practices to ameliorate the negative effects of Eucalyptus sp., and others are seeking indigenous alternatives.
“Família, melhor ter muita do que nenhuma.”: Família, hierarquia e relações de poder em Porto Alegre (séc. XVIII e XIX)
Authors: Freitas Denize Terezinha Leal
Published: April 2017

O presente estudo propõe uma reflexão sobre as relações de poder e hierarquia a partir de práticas familiares em Porto Alegre durante o período colonial tardio, na segunda metade do século XVIII. O laboratório de nossa análise será as relações familiares de Dona Anna Marques de Sampaio, uma celibatária sem filhos e Manuel José de Freitas Travassos, importante “homem bom” que viveu nesta comunidade durante este período. Para tanto, nos valeremos dos aportes teóricos e metodológicos da História da Família e das Populações, da Demografia histórica e do cruzamento nominativo das fontes civis e eclesiásticas com o propósito de compreendermos estes traços remetem ao Antigo Regime no extremo sul da América Portuguesa. De modo geral, consideramos que a mobilidade social e geográfica foram os pilares que conjugaram uma série de características que podemos denominar como práticas de Antigo Regime meridionais.
Promoting interactions between lecturers and students in classrooms via mobile technologies: An empirical study
Authors: Gan Chin Lay , Balakrishnan Vimala
Published: April 2017

The current study sets out to identify determinants affecting behavioural intention to use mobile technology in lecture classes. The research emphasizes the reason for using mobile technology during lectures with large number of students is to facilitate interactions among students and lecturers. The proposed conceptual framework has four main antecedents of behavioural intention: System perception, intrinsic motivation, system and information quality, and uncertainty avoidance. Sample data was collected from 396 tertiary students. Results from structural equation model on the sample indicated that behavioural intention was significantly influenced by system and information quality, followed by intrinsic motivator, and uncertainty avoidance. System perception was not significantly predictive of behavioural intention. The proposed model explained 54% of the variance in behavioural intention of mobile technology use in lecture classes. The study findings are indicative of the importance of system development efforts to ensure overall quality system design. The findings further suggest that mobile technology may serve as a tool to facilitate interaction among students and lecturers in large lecture classes.
Effectiveness of Pleurotus ostreatus Extract Through Cytotoxic Test and Apoptosis Mechanism of Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Ekowati Nuraeni , Mumpuni Aris , Muljowati Juni Safitri
Published: April 2017

Pleurotus ostreatus is a common mushroom cultivated in Indonesia, and potential properties of bioactive compounds for medicinal mushroom. This study was aimed at obtaining P.ostreatus extract bioactive compounds potential in inhibiting the proliferation of cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and evaluating the HeLa cell proliferation kinetics and HeLa cell death mechanisms. The research was beneficial in making this product can be easily applied in a more controlled industrial scale. Anticancer activity test through a cytotoxic test using the MTT [3- (4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-yl) -2.5-diphenyl tertrazolium bromide], the kinetics proliferation of HeLa cells and HeLa cell death mechanism was performed. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Ethyl acetate extract of P. ostreatus isolated from Madiun showed the best results with IC 50 = 107.59 µg / ml. HeLa cell proliferation kinetics analysis showed that the application of bioactive compounds 100 µg / ml resulted in an increase of in death of HeLa cells along with length of incubation time. An important finding was that HeLa cells death by apoptosis was greater than by necrosis.  In conclusion, the extracts of P. ostreatus  has the potential to inhibit the growth of HeLa cells.

 