bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revising as Reframing
Authors: Strang David , Siler Kyle
Published: April 2015

Peer review guides the intensive reworking of research reports, a key mechanism in the construction of social scientific knowledge and one that gives substantial creative agency to journal editors and reviewers. We conceptualize this process in terms of two types of challenges: evidentiary challenges that question a study’s methodology and interpretive challenges that question a study’s theoretical framing. A survey of authors recently published in Administrative Science Quarterly finds that their peer review experience was dominated by interpretive challenges: extensive criticisms, suggestions, and subsequent revision concerning conceptual and theoretical issues but limited attention to methodological and empirical aspects of the work. Salient differences between original submissions and published papers include intensive reworking of theory and discussion sections as well as growth and turnover in citations and hypotheses. We consider implications of the dominance of interpretive challenges in successful revision and possible sources of variation across scholarly fields.
Functional liposomes in the cancer-targeted drug delivery
Authors: Tila Dena , Ghasemi Saeed , Yazdani-Arazi Seyedeh Narjes , Ghanbarzadeh Saeed
Published: March 2015

Cancer is considered as one of the most severe health problems and is currently the third most common cause of death in the world after heart and infectious diseases. Novel therapies are constantly being discovered, developed and trialed. Many of the current anticancer agents exhibit non-ideal pharmaceutical and pharmacological properties and are distributed non-specifically throughout the body. This results in death of the both normal healthy and malignant cells and substantially leads to accruing a variety of serious toxic side effects. Therefore, the efficient systemic therapy of cancer is almost impossible due to harmful side effects of anticancer agents to the healthy organs and tissues. Furthermore, several problems such as low bioavailability of the drugs, low drug concentrations at the site of action, lack of drug specificity and drug-resistance also cause many restrictions on clinical applications of these drugs in the tumor therapy. Different types of the liposomal formulations have been used in medicine due to their distinctive advantages associated with their structural flexibility in the encapsulation of various agents with different physicochemical properties. They can also mediate delivery of the cargo to the appropriate cell type and subcellular compartment, reducing the effective dosage and possible side effects which are related to high systemic concentrations. Therefore, these novel systems were found very promising and encouraging dosage forms for the treatment of different types of cancer by increasing efficiency and reducing the systemic toxicity due to the specific drug delivery and targeting.
Feminism Within Domestic Violence Coalitions
Authors: Barrett Betty Jo , Almanssori Salsabel , Kwan Denise L. , Waddick Elyse
Published: April 2015

This article investigated the frequency with which feminist identity and constructs are evident in the missions of state domestic violence coalitions in the United States. Findings from the analysis yielded low frequencies of feminist constructs present in the documents analyzed. Less than 10% of coalitions explicitly self-identified as feminist organizations in their materials, while fewer than 10% of coalitions acknowledged the relationship between patriarchy (9.8%) and gender inequality (7.8%) with violence against women. Coalitions more frequently employed the de-gendered language of empowerment and anti-oppressive frameworks rather than explicitly feminist perspectives. Implications of these findings for feminist informed advocacy are provided.
A study on the dynamic behavior of the Korean next-generation high-speed train
Authors: Jeon Chang-Sung , Kim Young-Guk , Park Joon-Hyuk , Kim Seog-Won , Park Tae-Won
Published: March 2015

This study describes the dynamic behavior of the HEMU-430X, the Korean next-generation high-speed train. The HEMU-430X was initially analyzed using VAMPIRE, a computer program that is used to examine the dynamics of railway vehicles, based on which it was expected to sway strongly at its tail end. This hunting motion was expected to disappear when the position of the yaw damper was changed. The dynamic behavior of the HEMU-430X was assessed in an on-track test performed using the protocols in the EN14363 standard and measuring the carbody, bogie and axle accelerations; the HEMU-430X was found to satisfy the safety criterion. The hunting motion appeared at speeds of 150, 350 and 387 km/h, and countermeasures such as changing the position of the yaw damper, installing carbody dampers, and increasing the damping coefficient of the yaw damper installed on the motor car containing the driver’s cab were taken in order to reduce the vibrations. Ultimately, the highest test speed achieved was 421.4 km/h. Subsequently, it was found that the critical speed tended to decrease with mileage. This was attributed to excessive lateral damping and a revised design was proposed to solve this problem.
A discrete-event modeling approach for the analysis of TCAS-induced collisions with different pilot response times
Authors: Tang Jun , Piera Miquel A , Baruwa Olatunde T
Published: March 2015

The traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS) currently mandated worldwide on all commercial transport aircraft is intended to provide last-minute collision avoidance (CA) guidance directly to the flight crew and has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of near-midair collisions. The TCAS logic uses a deterministic model to predict the future trajectories of the aircraft and does not explicitly represent variability in pilot response time which can have a great impact on the execution of the CA logic. Prior work has designed an encounter model to identify all the induced potential collision scenarios that are representative of possible hazardous situations that may occur with a fixed configuration of aircraft in the surrounding airspace. This paper extends the encounter model using an agent-based modeling approach developed via the colored Petri net (CPN) formalism to include the agent pilot response time that captures the variability delay in pilot behavior in order to analyze its influence on TCAS-induced collisions. Quantitative simulation results are conducted to validate the proposed causal model, dealing with challenging results about the extra airside capacity that could be obtained by offering a specific training on TCAS to the pilots or by use of automatisms, which is the case of remotely piloted aircraft systems.
Mechanism of intermittent failures in extreme vibration environment and online diagnosis technology
Authors: Guanjun Liu , Hui Zhou , Jing Qiu , Kehong Lv , Qinmu Shen
Published: March 2015

The intermittent faults induced by environment stress such as extreme vibration have deep impact on the serviceability and reliability of equipment. In this paper, the term of the extreme vibration environment is defined. The finite element simulation model of the component is established, and the mechanism and laws that how the extreme vibration environmental stress induces intermittent faults are analyzed. Based on the elastic-plastic stress theory, a method of calculating component’s cumulative damage in extreme vibration environment is proposed. Then a hidden Markov model (HMM) based Tri-State (normal state, intermittent state and fault state) injury correlation model is built. Starting with the relationship analysing between the features in each state of components and the interior cumulative damage, the cumulative damage based HMM model for intermittent fault diagnosis is established. After that, a real-time fault diagnosis method is proposed. Tests are carried out on a helicopter attitude indicator in extreme vibration environment. The test results show that the occurrence probability of intermittent fault becomes large with the increase of the vibration magnitude and time. The proposed fault diagnosis method can detect the intermittent fault efficiently.
Preemptive antiretroviral therapy modifications for the management of potential clinically significant drug interactions with direct acting hepatitis C therapies
Authors: Stambough Megan , Roman Martha , Blair Donald C , Sidman Eric F , Miller Christopher D
Published: March 2015

We report a case series of HIV/HCV co-infected patients who underwent preemptive antiretroviral therapy modifications to manage clinically significant drug interactions with HCV therapy. Among the 15 patients reviewed, all changed to a raltegravir-based regimen and none experienced a loss of virologic suppression or increase in HIV-RNA.
Whose development are we talking about? Commentary on Deconstructing Developmental Psychology
Authors: O'Dell Lindsay
Published: March 2015

Erica Burman asks in Deconstructing Developmental Psychology, whose development privileged in developmental psychology and other disciplines, and whose development is therefore unaccounted for. Reflecting on Burman’s work, particularly on this question, has informed my research and teaching since I first read the book in 1994. In this short commentary, I discuss the impact of Burman’s theorising beyond her original focus on the development of young children and their relationships. I focus on how her work has informed research into understandings and representations of children and families who are for some reason considered to be ‘different’. I focus on three themes addressed in the book: the production of universal development and the ‘normal’ child, selective abstraction and the (im)possibility of singularised representations of traumatised children. I consider how Deconstructing Developmental Psychology has relevance to an understanding of children, young people and families’ lives and (beyond psychology as a discipline) to examine how dominant ideas of children’s development is implicated within national, and international policy and other public arenas that regulate lives of children and families.
Reduced ADAMTS13 activity is associated with thrombotic risk in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Martin-Rodriguez S , Reverter J C , Tàssies D , Espinosa G , Heras M , Pino M , Escolar G , Diaz-Ricart M
Published: March 2015

Background: Severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 activity leads to von Willebrand factor (VWF) ultralarge multimers with high affinity for platelets, causing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Other pathological conditions with moderate ADAMTS13 activity exhibit a thrombotic risk. We examined the ADAMTS13 activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its value as a thrombotic biomarker. Methods: ADAMTS13 activity, VWF antigen and multimeric structure, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) were measured in plasma samples from 50 SLE patients and 50 healthy donors. Disease activity (systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index; SLEDAI) and organ damage (systemic lupus international collaborating clinics) scores, thrombotic events, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) were registered. Results: SLE patients showed decreased ADAMTS13 activity and high VWF levels compared with controls (66 ± 27% vs. 101 ± 8%, P < 0.01, and 325 ± 151% vs. 81 ± 14%, P < 0.001). VCAM-1 levels were higher in SLE patients ( P < 0.05). Considering three groups of SLE patients depending on ADAMTS13 activity (>60%, 60–40% and <40%), comparative analysis showed significant association between ADAMTS13 activity and SLEDAI ( P < 0.05), presence of aPLs ( P < 0.001), APS ( P < 0.01) and thrombotic events ( P < 0.01). Reduced ADAMTS13 activity together with increased VWF levels were especially notable in patients with active disease and with aPLs. Conclusion: ADAMTS13 activity, in combination with other laboratory parameters, could constitute a potential prognostic biomarker of thrombotic risk in SLE.
Disturbed temporalities. Insights from phenomenological psychiatry
Authors: Moskalewicz Marcin
Published: March 2015

The article gives an account of various disturbed experiences of time from a phenomenological perspective. The author distinguishes three levels for addressing variations of temporal experience—the temporal structure of consciousness itself, the actual experience of time, and the sociopolitical temporality. He excludes the psychological type of argument, exemplified by Philip Zimbardo’s Time Perspective Inventory and concentrates on disorders in which the temporal structure of consciousness is itself altered. The clinical examples of disturbed temporalities being investigated come from studies of two influential, 20th-century German phenomenological psychiatrists: Ludwig Binswanger (1881–1966) and Viktor Emil von Gebsattel (1883–1974) and include mania, phobia, schizophrenia, depression, and addiction. Philosophical examples come from Hannah Arendt’s “The Life of the Mind.” It is argued that not all disturbed experiences of time related to mental disorders are pathological, but that we can distinguish such experiences from their less severe varieties by appealing to the value-free norm of primordial temporality. A psychotic experience of internal time of the self coming to a standstill exemplifies such a pathological situation, in which temporal experience is not only altered, but ruined.
Seeing and holding time: Karawari perceptions of temporalities, calendars and clocks
Authors: Telban Borut
Published: April 2015

Clock-time differentiates and systematises in a way rarely endorsed by small-scale societies, where the tendency is to reject hierarchy based on the measurement of time. Taking my lead from the Karawari-speaking Ambonwari of the East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea, I introduce the concept of egalitarian temporality produced by never ending competition between different individuals and groups. The villagers are themselves responsible for creating periods and ways of being in both their environment and society, and they actively participate in dramatic episodes intended to cut into their existent ways of life. These ‘cuts’ then create desired changes. I argue that time in the Sepik and egalitarian small-scale societies in general is very much agentive and thus possessed, held and seen by individuals and groups, with periods defined by and organized around future oriented projects.
A win–win path for institutional change
Authors: Cao Shixiong
Published: March 2015

Institutional change is a response to socioeconomic pressures caused by resource scarcity, population growth, cultural change, and economic inefficiency. Historical evidence shows that the unequitable resource redistribution among groups caused by institutional change can indirectly reduce income, particularly when it leads to civil conflicts. A more equitable and effective approach to institutional change would seek win–win solutions. To examine this possibility, I review historical examples of institutional change in China to show how gradual institutional change that lets all stakeholders share the economic benefits is the most successful path. Therefore, innovation to replace or modify old institutions and equitably increase economic growth will be a key approach. This win–win approach requires persuasion, compromise, demonstration projects, competition, and embracing institutional diversity. Increased economic benefits come from economic innovation and encouragement of stakeholders to participate in institutional change, but require nurturing of new social groups that will drive the change process.
The influence of considering the past, present, and future on college satisfaction
Authors: Bubic Andreja
Published: March 2015

Although we all live in the present and often hear about the importance of living “here and now”, every moment of our lives is highly influenced by explicit and implicit thoughts about our past and potential future. The present study investigated the relation between individuals' tendencies to either drift towards the past by, e.g. constantly re-evaluating and regretting past choices, towards the future by, e.g. basing present actions on anticipated future consequences, and their inclination to deal with the present by either committing to chosen alternatives or procrastinating on their implementation. Finally, the influence of these factors on participants' satisfaction with their chosen college major was also explored. The obtained results indicate a close relationship between the assessed considerations of different temporal directions. Furthermore, regret, procrastination, commitment (choice closure), and consideration of future consequences (future focus) were revealed as statistically significant predictors of students' satisfaction with their college major. These findings indicate that individuals' considerations of various temporal directions influence their valuation of own choices and life outcomes and open new questions regarding the general relevance and effects of mental time travel.
Parent and peer attachment relationships and time perspective in adolescence: Are they related to satisfaction with life?
Authors: Laghi Fiorenzo , Pallini Susanna , Baumgartner Emma , Guarino Angela , Baiocco Roberto
Published: March 2015

The primary aim of this research was to provide evidence about how adolescents’ self-reported parent/peer attachment and time perspective relate to their satisfaction with life. A sample of 1211 adolescents completed self-report measures assessing life satisfaction, time perspective, and the perceived quality of parent and peer attachment. Results showed statistically significant relationships among these variables. Boys resulted higher scored than girls in parent trust and satisfaction with life. Girls resulted higher scored than boys in parent alienation, peer communication, and negative past. Parent and peer attachment predicted satisfaction with life, although the variance explained by peer attachment was low. Negative Past, Hedonistic Present, and Future were signiﬁcantly associated with satisfaction with life in the expected directions. The present study has important implications for future empirical investigation and for clinical intervention.
Socio-Economic Rights Versus Social Revolution? Constitution Making in Germany, Mexico and Ireland, 1917–1923
Authors: Murray Thomas
Published: March 2015

Socio-economic rights are ethico-political claims to employment, social security, health, education and adequate living standards, the understanding and contestation of which have changed over time. In this article, I examine the first wave of attempts to constitutionalize socio-economic rights in Mexico (1917), Weimar Germany (1919) and, in particular, the Irish Free State (1922). The real politics of constitutionalizing socio-economic rights, I argue, centred on a clash between popular, anti-systemic movements and governments’ attempts to contain the ideals and practices of these movements. In all three cases, escalating popular militancy spurred state constitution makers into proposing socio-economic rights as an alternative to revolution. In the Irish Free State, however, the ruling class’ successful containment – militarily, politically and ideologically – of social movements’ ideals and practices ensured more conservative constitutional forms predominated, emphasizing national identity and private property rights. The critical discourse analysis of the Irish constitution-making process demonstrates the salience of both ‘national’ (core–peripheral) and ‘social’ (capital–labour) relations in determining final constitutional forms of socio-economic rights. For socio-economic rights advocates and scholars today, these findings invite fresh reflection on the limits of claiming rights from the state in a capitalist society.
Understanding Politically Motivated Sexual Assault in Protest Spaces
Authors: Tadros Mariz
Published: March 2015

Women have been at the forefront of protest movements in Arab revolts, and whilst their activism has been the subject of a growing body of scholarly work, there is a paucity of literature on their exposure to sexual assault during demonstrations. This article is an empirical study of the increasing politicization of sexual assault in Egypt’s transition between March 2011 and June 2013, which seeks to contribute to the broader literature on sexual violence in contexts that are politically tumultuous and polarized but are not technically ‘at war’. It draws on the literature on rape as a weapon of war without isolating sexual aggression in protest spaces from the continuum of gender-based violence that is socially, politically and legally embedded in the context of Egypt. The article argues that a number of factors if analysed individually suggest there is no difference in the dynamics of sexual violence in protest and non-protest spaces, however, when taken as a constellation of factors, they suggest a pattern that is politically driven, in particular, when their commissioning and targeting are commensurate with the political deployment of sexual violence identified in the rape as a weapon of war literature.
Quality of life and resilience related to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients post treatment with platinums and taxanes
Authors: Egan Mary , Burke Eimear , Meskell Pauline , MacNeela Pádraig , Dowling Maura
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to ascertain patients' quality of life and resilience related to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) after treatment with platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy drugs. A self-administered questionnaire combining the EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3), the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 and the resilience scale RS-14TM was posted to a non-probability sample of 100 patients who had recently completed treatment with a platinum- or taxane-based drug. In total, 86 completed questionnaires were returned (86% response rate). Participants rated their overall quality of life and overall health over the previous week. The combined global health status score was 70, indicating that participants had a relatively high health status. Similar to the scores on the EORTC QLQ-30, scores for the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 showed that the majority of participants indicated experiencing very little impact (not at all, a little) on sensory, motor and autonomic scales. However, motor scale items were generally rated lower than items concerning sensory functioning. The study results are an encouraging indication of minimal impact on quality of life when treatment with taxanes and platinums ended. The results also indicate that resilience scores among the participants were moderately high.
Maternal mortality and its relationship to emergency obstetric care (EmOC) in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Dasari Papa
Published: March 2015

Objective: To determine the trends in maternal mortality ratio over 5 years at JIPMER Hospital and to find out the proportion of maternal deaths in relation to emergency admissions. Methods: A retrospective analysis of maternal deaths from 2008 to 2012 with respect to type of admission, referral and ICU care and cause of death according to WHO classification of maternal deaths. Results: Of the 104 maternal deaths 90% were emergency admissions and 59% of them were referrals. Thirty two percent of them died within 24 hours of admission. Forty four percent could be admitted to ICU and few patients could not get ICU bed. The trend in cause of death was increasing proportion of indirect causes from 2008 to 2012. Conclusion: The trend in MMR was increasing proportion of indirect deaths. Ninety percent of maternal deaths were emergency admissions with complications requiring ICU care. Hence comprehensive EmOC facilities should incorporate Obstetric ICU care.
Wheezy children
Authors: Bryant Michael
Published: April 2015

Wheeze occurs frequently in children and may be of rapid onset as part of an acute illness, or represent the initial presentation of an underlying chronic pathology. There may be difficulty in ascertaining a diagnosis, for example, small children with frequent wheezy episodes may be suffering from recurrent viral infections or may be suffering from asthma or another more serious condition. Diagnostic delay can lead to serious consequences for the child’s growth and development, although excessive investigation may lead to undue caregiver anxiety and distress for the child. In addition, a few children with wheeze may be suffering from acute respiratory distress or may be at risk of respiratory failure. It is important for GPs to be able to recognise these children as being unwell and instigate prompt treatment. This article provides a practical framework for diagnosing and managing wheezy children, both in the acute and chronic setting.
Prescribing opioid analgesics for chronic non-malignant pain in general practice – a survey of attitudes and practice
Authors: Blake Holly , Leighton Paul , van der Walt Gerrie , Ravenscroft Andrew
Published: March 2015

Background:

This study replicates a previous postal survey of general practitioners (GPs) to explore whether attitudes to opioid prescribing have changed at a time when the number of opioid prescriptions issued in primary care has increased.

Methods:

With permission, a 57-item survey instrument previously utilised with GPs in the South-west of England was circulated to 214 GPs in city-centre practices in the East Midlands. The survey instrument included items relating to practice context, prescribing patterns and attitudes about analgesic medication, perceived prescribing frequency and reluctance to prescribe.

Results:

Responses were received from 94 GPs (45%). Almost three-quarters (72.7%) of GPs reported that they sometimes or frequently prescribed strong opioids for chronic non-cancer pain. Over two-thirds (67.8%) reported that they were sometimes or frequently reluctant to prescribe strong opioids for chronic non-cancer pain. No significant relationships were observed between perceived frequency of prescribing and a range of demographic factors; however, concerns about ‘physical dependence’, ‘long-term commitment to prescribing’ and ‘media reports’ were associated with less frequent reported prescribing of, and greater reluctance to prescribe, strong opioids.

Discussion:

Given the national trend for increased opioid prescriptions, it is unsurprising that more frequent self-reported prescribing is reported here; however, increased frequency does not translate into less reluctance about prescribing. The effectiveness of strong opioids for chronic pain is recognised, but concerns about addiction, dependence and misuse inform a reluctance to use strong opioids. These juxtapositions highlight a continued need for clearer understanding of GPs’ perceptions of strong opioids and point to the potential benefit of dedicated guidelines or specialist education and training to address their uncertainties.
Comparison Findings of School Counselor Beliefs About ASCA National Model School Counseling Program Components Using the SCPCS
Authors: Hatch Trish , Poynton Timothy A. , Pérusse Rachelle
Published: April 2015

The School Counseling Program Component Scale (SCPCS) was developed to measure beliefs about program components of the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) National Model. In 2002, results from the SCPCS indicated that “using data” was ranked as less important than other program components. The current follow-up study was conducted in 2009. Results from this study indicated that the component subscales are consistent and reliable. Notable shifts were found in “use of data for program planning” and “use of data for accountability” subscales, suggesting that school counselors may have begun to prioritize the value of using data.
Coping in Context
Authors: Grey Izabela K. , Berzenski Sara R. , Yates Tuppett M.
Published: March 2015

Emancipated foster youth face unique challenges in the context of few resources as they transition into adulthood. This investigation examined associations between resource availability and coping effectiveness in a sample of 172 emancipated foster youth (66.3% female; Mage = 19.63 years; 27.5% Hispanic, 24.0% African American, 15.8% Caucasian, and 32.7% multiracial). Regression analyses evaluated main and interactive relations between resource availability and coping as related to youths’ depressive, anxiety, and substance use symptoms. Findings showed that the effectiveness of individual coping strategies was moderated by the availability of strategy-relevant resources. Youth reported increased depressive, anxiety, and/or substance use problems if they engaged specific coping strategies in the absence of strategy-specific resources. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of coping may be qualified by the availability of strategy-relevant resources. Implications for foster youth who are at heightened risk for resource deficits during emerging adulthood are discussed.
Differential systemic exposure to galangin after oral and intravenous administration to rats
Authors: Chen Feng , Tan Yin-Feng , Li Hai-Long , Qin Zhen-Miao , Cai Hong-Die , Lai Wei-Yong , Zhang Xiao-Po , Li Yong-Hui , Guan Wei-Wei , Li You-Bin , Zhang Jun-Qing
Published: March 2015

Background

Galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is present in high concentrations in herbal medicine such as Alpinia officinarum Hance. Galangin shows multifaceted in vitro and in vivo biological activities. The number and position of hydroxyl groups in this molecule play an important role in these biological activities. However, these hydroxyl groups undergo glucuronidation and sulfation in in vitro assay system. However, the systemic exposure to galangin after dosing in animals and/or humans remains largely unknown. Thus it is not clear whether the galangin exists in the body at concentrations high enough for the biological effects. Furthermore, the metabolite identification and the corresponding plasma pharmacokinetics need to be characterized.

Results

Two LC-MS/MS methods were developed and validated and successfully applied to analyze the parent drug molecules and aglycones liberated from plasma samples via β-glucuronidase hydrolysis. Our major findings were as follows: (1) The routes of administration showed significant influences on the systemic exposure of galangin and its metabolites. (2) Galangin was preferentially glucuronidated after p.o. dosing but sulfated after i.v. medication. (3) Kaempferol conjugates were detected demonstrating that oxidation reaction occurred; however, both glucuronidation and sulfation were more efficient. (4) Oral bioavailability of free parent galangin was very low.

Conclusions

Systemic exposure to galangin and its metabolites was different in rat plasma between oral and intravenous administration. Further research is needed to characterize the structures of galangin conjugates and to evaluate the biological activities of these metabolites.
Accidental exposures to peanut in a large cohort of Canadian children with peanut allergy
Authors: Cherkaoui Sabrine , Ben‐Shoshan Moshe , Alizadehfar Reza , Asai Yuka , Chan Edmond , Cheuk Stephen , Shand Greg , St‐Pierre Yvan , Harada Laurie , Allen Mary , Clarke Ann
Published: March 2015

Background

We previously estimated that the annual rate of accidental exposure to peanut in 1411 children with peanut allergy, followed for 2227 patient‐years, was 11.9% (95% CI, 10.6, 13.5). This cohort has increased to 1941 children, contributing 4589 patient‐years, and we determined the annual incidence of accidental exposure, described the severity, management, location, and identified associated factors.

Findings

Children with physician‐confirmed peanut allergy were recruited from Canadian allergy clinics and allergy advocacy organizations from 2004 to May 2014. Parents completed questionnaires regarding accidental exposure to peanut over the preceding year. Five hundred and sixty‐seven accidental exposures occurred in 429 children over 4589 patient‐years, yielding an annual incidence rate of 12.4% (95% CI, 11.4, 13.4). Of 377 accidental exposures that were moderate or severe, only 109 (28.9%) sought medical attention and of these 109, only 40 (36.7%) received epinephrine. Of the 181 moderate/severe accidental exposures treated outside a health care facility, only 11.6% received epinephrine. Thirty‐seven percent of accidental exposures occurred at home. In multivariate analyses, longer disease duration, recruitment through an allergy advocacy association, and having other food allergies decreased the likelihood of accidental exposures. Age ≥ 13 years at study entry and living with a single parent increased the risk.

Conclusion

Despite increased awareness, accidental exposures continue to occur, mainly at home, and most are managed inappropriately by both health care professionals and caregivers. Consequently, more education is required on the importance of strict allergen avoidance and the need for prompt and correct management of anaphylaxis.
Prediction of Chemical Characteristics of Fibrous Plant Biomasses from Their near Infrared Spectrum: Comparing Local versus Partial Least Square Models and Cross-Validation versus Independent Validations
Authors: Godin Bruno , Agneessens Richard , Delcarte Jérôme , Dardenne Pierre
Published: March 2015

The reliability of local and partial least square (PLS) near infrared (NIR) models to predict the chemical characteristics of fibrous plant biomasses was compared. Validations with different degrees of independence were used. The developed NIR models were reliable for the prediction of different main chemical characteristics of various fibrous plant species using multispecies datasets. The local models were more reliable in terms of prediction error compared with the PLS models because the local method appears to cope with the nonlinearity and non-homogeneity associated with a large multispecies dataset. The degree of independence of samples in the validation set relative to samples used in the calibration set had a major impact on the prediction performance, especially for the local method. It affected the local method more because of the lower number of samples used in its specific regressions. There was a decrease in the reliability of local and PLS models according to the increase in the degree of independence of the validation set (i.e. the similarity of the predicted samples in regard to the calibration samples). The additions of a few independent samples of the predicted plant-species group to their calibration set that did not contain samples of the predicted plant-species group improved the prediction performance of multispecies models, especially for the local method. The type of NIR models developed in the present study can be used for screening, ranking and quantitative analyses of the main chemical components contents in fibrous biomasses, and for the assessment of their suitability to be converted into biofuels.
Detection and Quantification of Peanut Traces in Wheat Flour by near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Spectroscopy Using Principal-Component Analysis
Authors: Mishra Puneet , Herrero-Langreo Ana , Barreiro Pilar , Roger Jean Michel , Diezma Belén , Gorretta Nathalie , Lleó Lourdes
Published: March 2015

The use of a common environment for processing different powder foods in the industry has increased the risk of finding peanut traces in powder foods. The analytical methods commonly used for detection of peanut such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) represent high specificity and sensitivity but are destructive and time-consuming, and require highly skilled experimenters. The feasibility of NIR hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is studied for the detection of peanut traces down to 0.01% by weight. A principal-component analysis (PCA) was carried out on a dataset of peanut and flour spectra. The obtained loadings were applied to the HSI images of adulterated wheat flour samples with peanut traces. As a result, HSI images were reduced to score images with enhanced contrast between peanut and flour particles. Finally, a threshold was fixed in score images to obtain a binary classification image, and the percentage of peanut adulteration was compared with the percentage of pixels identified as peanut particles. This study allowed the detection of traces of peanut down to 0.01% and quantification of peanut adulteration from 10% to 0.1% with a coefficient of determination ( r2) of 0.946. These results show the feasibility of using HSI systems for the detection of peanut traces in conjunction with chemical procedures, such as RT-PCR and ELISA to facilitate enhanced quality-control surveillance on food-product processing lines.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy of Selected Natural Magnesium Carbonates: Implications for Geosequestration
Authors: Frost Ray L. , López Andrés
Published: March 2015

The approach to remove greenhouse gases by pumping liquid CO2 several kilometres below the ground implies that many carbonate containing minerals will be formed. Among these minerals, the formation of hydromagnesite, dypingite and nesquehonite are possible, thus necessitating a study of such minerals. These minerals with a hydrotalcite-related formulae have been characterised by a combination of infrared and near infrared spectroscopy. Layered double hydroxides (also known as anionic clays or hydrotalcites) are a group of layered clay minerals described by the general formula: [M1– x2+M x3+(OH)2] x+[A n–] x/ n· mH2O. The infrared spectra of the minerals are characterised by OH and water stretching vibrations. Both the first and second fundamental overtones of these bands are observed in the NIR spectra in the 7030–7235 cm−1 and 10,490–10,570 cm−1 spectral ranges. Intense (CO3)2– symmetrical and anti-symmetrical stretching vibrations confirm the distortion of the carbonate anion. The position of the water bending vibration indicates water is strongly hydrogen-bonded to the carbonate anion in the mineral structure. NIR spectroscopy offers a method for quickly analysing such materials.
Service-Delivery Modeling and Optimization
Authors: Diao Yixin , Heching Aliza , Northcutt David , Wallace Rodney
Published: April 2015

Service-delivery modeling and optimization is a complex problem involving multiple service levels, skill sets, request classes, and service times. In this paper, we describe a comprehensive and scalable end-to-end analytical methodology that we developed and implemented at a global information technology service delivery provider. This methodology provides predictive insight and prescriptive solutions to the problem of staffing service-delivery units in this complex environment. Our solution has been deployed globally at more than 640 service-delivery units and has yielded more than $52 million in cost savings and cost avoidance to date.
Enhancing undergraduate community placements: a critical review of current literature
Authors: Dickson Caroline AW , Morris Gillian , Gable Clare
Published: April 2015

In the face of the UK-wide policy shift to increased home care, inspiring and enabling the next generation of community nurses is more urgent than ever. The quality of the pre-registration practice learning experience is highly influential on career choices at the point of qualification. Given that 50% of learning by pre-registration students takes place in practice, mentors have a crucial role to play in preparing the next generation of nurses to work in the community. This article discusses the findings of a systematic and critical literature review of pre-registration placements that was funded by the Queen's Nursing Institute Scotland. The review found that students' experiences of learning in community settings are variable, and perceptions of students and mentors are misaligned in terms of what a quality placement should look like. Although there is no clear definition of what constitutes a community placement and there is some underuse of learning environments in areas such as general practice nursing, there are also a number of examples of new and imaginative placements. While these innovations provide ‘whole experience’ placements, they are currently lacking robust evaluation, despite their potential usefulness on a larger scale. Mentors have the opportunity to provide students with a range of learning opportunities that increase preparedness for working in the community, allowing final year students in particular greater influence over their learning experience. Students undertaking community practice learning, where they have a managed level of autonomy, are more likely to feel confident to take on community nursing roles.
Mental and physical long-term conditions in the UK: spanning the boundaries
Authors: Dury Rona
Published: April 2015

The dual combination of a physical long-term condition coupled with mental health illness can increase the complexities of effective patient care. Greater integration of services spanning the health and social care spectrum have the potential to reduce fragmentation, enhance communications and ultimately support patient care. This short article discusses the reasons for this being a worthwhile philosophy and the case for change.
Review
Authors: Tromans Philip
Published: April 2015

How to Read a Shakespearean Play Text, Eugene Giddens (2011) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 198 pp. ISBN: 9780521713976, p/bk, £16.99, ISBN: 9780521886406, h/bk, £45
Language Landscape: A digital platform for mapping languages
Authors: Dohle Ebany , Grzech Karolina , Hemmings Charlotte
Published: April 2015

Language Landscape (LL) is a non-profit organization set up by a group of postgraduate linguistics students in 2011. It comprises of an interactive online map (languagelandscape.org), which is the main focus of this article, and educational outreach projects. The LL Mapping model relies not on representing languages per se, but rather on using instances of language use as data points. This method can be particularly useful for mapping language variation and multilingualism, especially in urban contexts. Through digitization, LL reaches a wide audience of educators, primary and secondary school students, university students, academic researchers, minority and endangered language communities and finally, social media users.
Protocolo de cuidado integral à saúde na drenagem linfática manual com pessoa com câncer de mama
Authors: Voloszin Michele , Dittrich Maria Glória
Published: March 2015

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de Tecnologia Social, na forma de Protocolo metodológico, de abordagem fenomenológica, para Cuidado Integral à Saúde na Drenagem Lìnfática Manual (DLM). Seu nome é CISDLM e inclui quatro movimentos terapêuticos: Preparação do ambiente; Acolhimento ao corpo-criante; O cuidado integral na DLM; O cuidado para a despedida.
Manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de lírio.
Authors: M. Dias-Tagliacozzo Gláucia , Gonçalvez Charleston , E. Fereira De Castro Carlos
Published: March 2015

O lírio é muito utilizado como flor de corte, embora apresente longevidade curta, e os pequenos botões não abram se colhidos precocemente. No período pós-colheita o maior problema é a clorose foliar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma solução de condicionamento, visando homogeneizar a abertura floral, aumentar a longevidade das flores, bem como retardar o amarelecimento das folhas das hastes florais. Após a aracterização física das hastes florais e durante o processo de senescência, conclui-se que os parâmetros indicados para a avaliação da qualidade das flores dessa espéciesão o brilho, a perda da turgescência da flor (observado através de inclinação da haste floral e enrolamento das pétalas) e o amarelecimento da folhagem. Testes com imersão por 24 horas em soluções contendo sacarose (0, 2, 4, 8%) e ácido cítrico (200 mg.L-1) demonstraram que 4% de sacarose e 200 mg.L-1 de ácido cítrico foi o melhor tratamento, embora as folhas ainda apresentassem sinais de amarelecimento. A presença de 4% de sacarose na solução conservante favoreceu a abertura floral homogênea e aumentou o período de durabilidade comercial das flores de lírio. Para prevenir o amarelecimento das folhas, foram testados 20, 50 e 100 mg.L-1 de ácido giberélico (GA3) associado com 4% de sacarose e 200 mg.L-1 de ácido cítrico. Para uma boa manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de lírio, é necessário imergir a base da haste floral em solução de condicionamento, contendo 4% de sacarose, 200 mg.L-1 de ácido cítrico por 24 horas, e araaumentar a qualidade das folhas podem ser adicionados à solução 50 mg.L-1 de GA3.
Enraizamento e morfo-anatomia de estacas caulinares de Odontonema strictum kuntze (Acanthaceae).
Authors: Christina Zuffellato-Ribas Katia , Regina Torres Boeger Maria , Bona Cleusa , Da Graça Boeno Paes Elisângela , Caetano Pimenta Alex , Tiemi Masuda Eliana
Published: March 2015

Odontonema strictum Kuntze é uma espécie ornamental bastante utilizada no Brasil, cultivada em renques ou isoladamente, devido a coloração vermelha de suas inflorescências e seu porte arbustivo, podendo atingir cerca de dois metros de altura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o enraizamento e a morfoanatomia de estacas herbáceas de O. strictum plantadas em tubetes de enraizamento, utilizando vermiculita de granulometria fina e pó de casca de coco como substratos. O experimento foi conduzido em casade- vegetação na Universidade Federal do Paraná, em Curitiba - PR. As estacas foram preparadas com mcomprimento de 12 cm e duas folhas cortadas pela metade, na porção apical. Estas foram distribuídas em quatro parcelas com 10 estacas, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Após 44 dias da instalação do experimento, o enraizamento foi de 100% nos dois substratos estudados. O substrato vermiculita apresentou o maior número de raízes por estaca (22,49 raízes), enquanto o pó de casca de coco apresentou a maior média de comprimento das cinco maiores raízes por estaca (11,67 cm). Estruturalmente, as estacas de O. strictum se caracterizam por apresentar epiderme unisseriada, com paredes pouco espessadas; córtex composto de colênquima, parênquima e endoderme com estrias de Caspary; cilindro central em estrutura secundária, com periciclo apresentando grupos isolados de fibras, câmbio ativo e medula parenquimática. A região provável de origem das raízes adventícias é na periferia do floema. Os resultados indicam que esta espécie pode ser considerada de fácil enraizamento, não sendo necessária a aplicação de fitorreguladores. As características anatômicas das estacas facilitam a formação de raízes adventícias.
Arborização viária urbana: espécies de pequeno porte com potencial de uso.
Authors: Ferreira Da Silva Luzia , Eduardo A. Bertoni José , Maria Molini Costa Ana , A. Ferraz Matthes Luiz
Published: March 2015

A escolha de espécies apropriadas é um dos pontos mais importantes para os profissionais que trabalham com arborização viária urbana. Com esse objetivo desenvolveu-se um estudo no Arboreto do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, onde foram observadas a morfologia e a fenologia de 22 espécies no período de outubro de 2000 a outubro de 2002, num total de 66 indivíduos que apresentavam tronco sem espinhos e copas arredondadas ou ovaladas. As fenofases analisadas foram floração, frutificação, brotação e abscisão foliar. A maioria apresentou floração longa (mais de quatro meses) com flores vistosas no período primavera-verão. Cordia sebestena, Kielmeyera excelsa, Saraca indica, Lonchocarpus filipes, Metternichia princeps estão entre as que apresentaram grande potencial, por serem as que mais se aproximaram ao padrão desejado para a arborização viária urbana.