bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary combinations on plaque pH recovery after the intake of pediatric liquid analgesics
Authors: Saeed Shaam , Bshara Nada , Trak Juliana , Mahmoud Ghiath
Published: August 2015

Objectives: To study the effect of water, halloumi cheese and sugar-free (SF) chewing gum on plaque pH recovery after the intake of sweetened PLAs. Settings and Design: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 17 children (10 females, 7 males) aged 11–12 years with DFT/dft of more than 3. Materials and Methods: Each volunteer tested paracetamol and ibuprofen suspension alone or followed with water, halloumi cheese or SF gum, as well as 10% sucrose and 10% sorbitol as controls. Plaque pH was measured using the sampling method before and after 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 min of ingestion. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance followed by least significant difference test to assess minimum pH (min pH), maximum pH drop (ΔpH), and the area under baseline pH, and P value was set as 0.05. Results: Both ibuprofen and paracetamol were not significantly different from 10% sucrose in terms of min pH, ΔpH, and area under baseline pH except for min pH of ibuprofen (P = 0.034). Water and halloumi cheese did not have a significant effect on plaque pH recovery after the intake of both analgesics as min pH, ΔpH, and area under baseline pH were similar to 10% sucrose except for min pH of ibuprofen + water (P = 0.048). However, plaque pH variables after chewing SF gum for 20 min were similar to 10% sorbitol. Conclusion: Chewing SF gum immediately after the intake of sweetened PLAs for 20 min restores plaque pH and could be recommended as a complementary aid in caries prevention.
Shaping ability of reciprocating single-file and full-sequence rotary instrumentation systems in simulated curved canals
Authors: Altunbas Demet , Kutuk Betul , Kustarci Alper
Published: August 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shaping ability of three nickel-titanium systems in simulated curved canals. Materials and Methods: Sixty simulated canals were prepared to apical size 25 with Reciproc, S5, and twisted file (TF) instruments. Standardized pre and postoperative images were taken using a digital camera, were superimposed and aberrations were recorded. Material removal was measured at five points: The canal orifice, halfway to the orifice, beginning of the curve, the apex of the curve, and end-point. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov, analysis of variance, and Tukey tests. Results: The mean total width of the prepared canals in the Reciproc group was greater than the TF and S5 groups at halfway to the orifice, the beginning of the curve, the apex of the curve, and the end-point (P < 0.05). Mean absolute transportation was always <0.16 mm; however, significant differences occurred between the three systems at the orifice, halfway to the orifice, and the beginning of the curve (P < 0.05). TF created minimal absolute transportation at halfway to the orifice and the beginning of the curve, and greater absolute transportation at the orifice compared with the Reciproc and S5 instruments. However, the difference between the S5 and TF groups was not statistically significant at halfway to the orifice (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Under the conditions of the study, Reciproc produced widest canal shapes. TF provided more centered apical preparation and maintained the original canal shape well.
Particulate organic nitrates observed in an oil and natural gas production region during wintertime
Authors: Lee L. , Wooldridge P. J. , deGouw J. , Brown S. S. , Bates T. S. , Quinn P. K. , Cohen R. C.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Organic nitrates in both gas and condensed (aerosol) phases were measured during the Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study from January to February in 2012. A high degree of correlation between total aerosol volume at diameters less than 500 nm and the particulate organic nitrate concentration indicates that organic nitrates are a consistent, if not dominant, fraction of fine aerosol mass. In contrast, a similar correlation with sub-2.5 μm aerosol volume is weaker. The C : N atomic ratio inferred from field measurements of PM2.5 and particulate organic nitrate is 34 : 1. Calculations constrained by the observations indicate that both condensation of gas-phase nitrates and heterogeneous reactions of NO3 / N2O5 are responsible for introducing organic nitrate functionality into the aerosol and that the source molecules are alkanes. Extrapolating the results to urban aerosol suggests organic nitrate production from alkanes may be a major secondary organic aerosol source.
Improving the representation of fire disturbance in dynamic vegetation models by assimilating satellite data: a case study over the Arctic
Authors: Kantzas E. P. , Quegan S. , Lomas M.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Fire provides an impulsive and stochastic pathway for carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to enter the atmosphere. Despite fire emissions being of similar magnitude to net ecosystem exchange in many biomes, even the most complex dynamic vegetation models (DVMs) embedded in general circulation models contain poor representations of fire behaviour and dynamics, such as propagation and distribution of fire sizes. A model-independent methodology is developed which addresses this issue. Its focus is on the Arctic where fire is linked to permafrost dynamics and on occasion can release great amounts of carbon from carbon-rich organic soils. Connected-component labelling is used to identify individual fire events across Canada and Russia from daily, low-resolution burned area satellite products, and the obtained fire size probability distributions are validated against historical data. This allows the creation of a fire database holding information on area burned and temporal evolution of fires in space and time. A method of assimilating the statistical distribution of fire area into a DVM whilst maintaining its fire return interval is then described. The algorithm imposes a regional scale spatially dependent fire regime on a sub-scale spatially independent model; the fire regime is described by large-scale statistical distributions of fire intensity and spatial extent, and the temporal dynamics (fire return intervals) are determined locally. This permits DVMs to estimate many aspects of post-fire dynamics that cannot occur under their current representations of fire, as is illustrated by considering the modelled evolution of land cover, biomass and net ecosystem exchange after a fire.
MULTI-PASS APPROACH FOR MOBILE TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING
Authors: Nolan J. , Eckels R. , Evers M. , Singh R. , Olsen M. J.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Mobile Terrestrial Laser Scanning (MTLS) has been utilised for an increasing number of corridor surveys. Current MTLS surveys require that many targets be placed along the corridor to monitor the MTLS trajectory’s accuracy. These targets enable surveyors to directly evaluate the magnitude of GNSS errors at regular intervals and can also be used to adjust the trajectory to the survey control. However, this “Multi-Target” approach (MTA) is an onerous task that can significantly reduce efficiency. It also is inconvenient to the travelling public, as lanes are often blocked and traffic slowed to permit surveyors to work safely along the road corridor. This paper introduces a “Multi-Pass” approach (MPA), which minimises the number of targets required for monitoring the GNSS-controlled trajectory while still maintaining strict engineering accuracies. MPA uses the power of multiple, independent MTLS passes with different GNSS constellations to generate a “Control Polyline” from the point cloud for the corridor. The Control Polyline can be considered as a statistically valid survey measurement and be incorporated in a network adjustment to strengthen a control network by identifying outliers. Results from a test survey at the MTLS course maintained by the Oregon Department of Transportation illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.
RECONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING FOOTPRINTS USING SPACEBORNE TOMOSAR POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Shahzad M. , Zhu X. X.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. This paper presents an approach that automatically (but parametrically) reconstructs 2-D/3-D building footprints using 3-D synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tomography (TomoSAR) point clouds. These point clouds are generated by processing SAR image stacks via SAR tomographic inversion. The proposed approach reconstructs the building outline by exploiting both the roof and façade points. Initial building footprints are derived by applying the alpha shapes method on pre-segmented point clusters of individual buildings. A recursive angular deviation based refinement is then carried out to obtain refined/smoothed 2-D polygonal boundaries. A robust fusion framework then fuses the information pertaining to building façades to the smoothed polygons. Afterwards, a rectilinear building identification procedure is adopted and constraints are added to yield geometrically correct and visually aesthetic building shapes. The proposed approach is illustrated and validated using TomoSAR point clouds generated from a stack of TerraSAR-X high-resolution spotlight images from ascending orbit covering approximately 1.5 km2 area in the city of Berlin, Germany.
REAL-TIME LARGE SCALE 3D RECONSTRUCTION BY FUSING KINECT AND IMU DATA
Authors: Huai J. , Zhang Y. , Yilmaz A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Kinect-style RGB-D cameras have been used to build large scale dense 3D maps for indoor environments. These maps can serve many purposes such as robot navigation, and augmented reality. However, to generate dense 3D maps of large scale environments is still very challenging. In this paper, we present a mapping system for 3D reconstruction that fuses measurements from a Kinect and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to estimate motion. Our major achievements include: (i) Large scale consistent 3D reconstruction is realized by volume shifting and loop closure; (ii) The coarse-to-fine iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm, the SIFT odometry, and IMU odometry are combined to robustly and precisely estimate pose. In particular, ICP runs routinely to track the Kinect motion. If ICP fails in planar areas, the SIFT odometry provides incremental motion estimate. If both ICP and the SIFT odometry fail, e.g., upon abrupt motion or inadequate features, the incremental motion is estimated by the IMU. Additionally, the IMU also observes the roll and pitch angles which can reduce long-term drift of the sensor assembly. In experiments on a consumer laptop, our system estimates motion at 8Hz on average while integrating color images to the local map and saving volumes of meshes concurrently. Moreover, it is immune to tracking failures, and has smaller drift than the state-of-the-art systems in large scale reconstruction.
INSTALLED BASE REGISTRATION OF DECENTRALISED SOLAR PANELS WITH APPLICATIONS IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Aarsen R. , Janssen M. , Ramkisoen M. , Biljecki F. , Quak W. , Verbree E.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. In case of a calamity in the Netherlands - e.g. a dike breach - parts of the nationwide electric network can fall out. In these occasions it would be useful if decentralised energy sources of the Smart Grid would contribute to balance out the fluctuations of the energy network. Decentralised energy sources include: solar energy, wind energy, combined heat and power, and biogas. In this manner, parts of the built environment - e.g. hospitals - that are in need of a continuous power flow, could be secured of this power. When a calamity happens, information about the Smart Grid is necessary to control the crisis and to ensure a shared view on the energy networks for both the crisis managers and network operators. The current situation of publishing, storing and sharing data of solar energy has been shown a lack of reliability about the current number, physical location, and capacity of installed decentralised photovoltaic (PV) panels in the Netherlands. This study focuses on decentralised solar energy in the form of electricity via PV panels in the Netherlands and addresses this challenge by proposing a new, reliable and up-to-date database. The study reveals the requirements for a registration of the installed base of PV panels in the Netherlands. This new database should serve as a replenishment for the current national voluntary registration, called Production Installation Register of Energy Data Services Netherland (EDSN-PIR), of installed decentralised PV panel installations in the Smart Grid, and provide important information in case of a calamity.
UAV LINEAR PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Tournadre V. , Pierrot-Deseilligny M. , Faure P. H.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The photogrammetric treatment of images acquired on a linear axis is a problematic case. Such tricky configurations often leads to bended 3D models, described as a bowl effect, which requires ground measurements to be fixed. This article presents different solutions to overcome that problem. All solutions have been implemented into the free open-source photogrammetric suite MicMac. The article presents the lasts evolutions of MicMac's bundle adjustment core, as well as some extended calibration models and how they fit for the camera evaluated. The acquisition process is optimized by presenting how oblique images can improve the accuracy of the orientations, while the 3D models accuracies are assessed by producing a millimeter accurate ground truth from terrestrial photogrammetry.
ON THE USE OF SHORTWAVE INFRARED FOR TREE SPECIES DISCRIMINATION IN TROPICAL SEMIDECIDUOUS FOREST
Authors: Ferreira M. P. , Zortea M. , Zanotta D. C. , Féret J. B. , Shimabukuro Y. E. , Souza Filho C. R.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Tree species mapping in tropical forests provides valuable insights for forest managers. Keystone species can be located for collection of seeds for forest restoration, reducing fieldwork costs. However, mapping of tree species in tropical forests using remote sensing data is a challenge due to high floristic and spectral diversity. Little is known about the use of different spectral regions as most of studies performed so far used visible/near-infrared (390-1000 nm) features. In this paper we show the contribution of shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1045-2395 nm) for tree species discrimination in a tropical semideciduous forest. Using high-resolution hyperspectral data we also simulated WorldView-3 (WV-3) multispectral bands for classification purposes. Three machine learning methods were tested to discriminate species at the pixel-level: Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Support Vector Machines with Linear (L-SVM) and Radial Basis Function (RBF-SVM) kernels, and Random Forest (RF). Experiments were performed using all and selected features from the VNIR individually and combined with SWIR. Feature selection was applied to evaluate the effects of dimensionality reduction and identify potential wavelengths that may optimize species discrimination. Using VNIR hyperspectral bands, RBF-SVM achieved the highest average accuracy (77.4%). Inclusion of the SWIR increased accuracy to 85% with LDA. The same pattern was also observed when WV-3 simulated channels were used to classify the species. The VNIR bands provided and accuracy of 64.2% for LDA, which was increased to 79.8 % using the new SWIR bands that are operationally available in this platform. Results show that incorporating SWIR bands increased significantly average accuracy for both the hyperspectral data and WorldView-3 simulated bands.
AUTOMATIC MODELLING OF RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATERS FROM LIDAR DATA
Authors: Bueno M. , Díaz-Vilariño L. , González-Jorge H. , Martínez-Sánchez J. , Arias P.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Rubble mound breakwaters maintenance is critical to the protection of beaches and ports. LiDAR systems provide accurate point clouds from the emerged part of the structure that can be modelled to make it more useful and easy to handle. This work introduces a methodology for the automatic modelling of breakwaters with armour units of cube shape. The algorithm is divided in three main steps: normal vector computation, plane segmentation, and cube reconstruction. Plane segmentation uses the normal orientation of the points and the edge length of the cube. Cube reconstruction uses the intersection of three perpendicular planes and the edge length. Three point clouds cropped from the main point cloud of the structure are used for the tests. The number of cubes detected is around 56 % for two of the point clouds and 32 % for the third one over the total physical cubes. Accuracy assessment is done by comparison with manually drawn cubes calculating the differences between the vertexes. It ranges between 6.4 cm and 15 cm. Computing time ranges between 578.5 s and 8018.2 s. The computing time increases with the number of cubes and the requirements of collision detection.
Orographic and vegetation effects on snow accumulation in the southern Sierra Nevada: a statistical summary from LiDAR data
Authors: Zheng Z. , Kirchner P. B. , Bales R. C.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) snow-on and snow-off measurements collected in the southern Sierra Nevada in the 2010 water year were analyzed for orographic and vegetation effects on snow accumulation during the winter season. Combining data from four sites separated by 10 to 64 km and together covering over 106 km2 area, the 1 m elevation-band-averaged snow depth in canopy gaps as a function of elevation increased at a rate of 15 cm per 100 m until reaching the elevation of 3300 m. The averaged snow depth of the same elevation band from different sites matched up with minor deviation, which could be partially attributed to the variation in other topographic features, such as slope and aspect. As vegetation plays a role in the snow accumulation, the distribution of the vegetation was also studied and shows that the canopy coverage consistently decreased along the elevation gradient from 80 % at 1500 m to near 0 % at above 3300 m. Also, the absolute difference of the averaged snow depth between snow found in canopy gaps and under the canopy increased with elevation, and decreased with canopy coverage disregarding the variation of other topographic features. The influence from the forest density on snow accumulation was quantified based on the snow-depth residuals from 1 m elevation-band-averaged snow depth and the attribute penetration fraction, which is the ratio of the number of ground points to the number of total points per pixel of LiDAR data. The residual increases from −25 to 25 cm at the penetration fraction range of 0 to 80 %; and the relationship could be modeled by exponential functions, with minor fluctuations along the gradient fraction of canopy and small deviation between sites.
The Chilling Realities of the Telecommuting Tax: Adapting Twentieth Century Policies for Twenty-First Century Technologies
Authors: Kraich Michael
Published: August 2015

The U.S. Tax Code has become so confusing and complex that tax professionals have gone from being a luxury to a necessity. Compound this complexity with the added layer of intricacy found at the state level and this already complex system becomes a labyrinth. While society has favored technological advances, the tax system has not. In particular, telecommuters have found themselves in a sort of limbo – working from home while sometimes simultaneously “working” at their employer’s location. This Note focuses on how this hypothetical of the 1980’s is today a reality, and how the courts of select states have approached this new paradigm. Specifically, this Note elaborates on the positions taken by New York and New Jersey, both major commuting states who have issued relating decisions, as well as what these decisions mean for residents of neighboring states like Connecticut and Pennsylvania. Finally, this Note advocates for uniformity between states, praises existing state policies such as Pennsylvania and New Jersey's, among others, and hopes to revive proposed unifying legislation in light of recent cases.
Recreational UAVs: Going Rogue with Pennsylvania's Strict Products Liability Law Post-Tincher
Authors: Buckley Lindsey E.
Published: August 2015

Abstract
PACIENTO KONFIDENCIALIOS INFORMACIJOS TEIKIMO VALSTYBĖS INSTITUCIJOMS TEISINIS REGULIAVIMAS
Authors: Mozūraitis Giedrius
Published: August 2015

The private life of a patient is protected by international and national legal acts, however, often the information on a patient’s health must be revealed to state institutions. The article reveals the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania in the field of the immunity of patients’ private life. Basing on legal acts, the practice of the Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights, the doctrine of law, the basis of state institutions’ right to obtain confidential information on patients were analyzed as well as the forms and procedure of the provision of information. The analysis of cases is provided when health care institutions cannot provide confidential information on patients to state institutions. A conclusion is drawn that the state’s duty to ensure the protection of human dignity and security also means that state institutions and officers may not restrict human rights and liberties unfoundedly. In each case, a human being must be considered as a free person, whose dignity should be respected. State institutions and officers have the duty to respect human dignity as especial value. Violation of a person’s rights and liberties may violate a person’s dignity as well.
SOCIALINĖS SVEIKATOS BŪKLĖ IR AMŽIUS
Authors: Juozulynas Algirdas , Savičiūtė Rasa , Jurgelėnas Antanas , Valeikienė Vaineta , Stukas Rimantas
Published: August 2015

Social health is well-being of society and individuals, or it can be understood as a social power of nascent relationship between people, which condition determined by the intensity of the relationship. Social health is not an isolated phenomenon. Together with other social and cultural phenomena it creates social capital. The aim of this study in the context of social capital was to explore subjectively assessed status of social health, relation to age and sex. 1223 respondents were surveyed, including 346 men, 877 women, 973 urban and 250 rural residents. The sample was random and probabilistic. The data were obtained using the adapted WHO questionnaire of social health. The results was analysed using the integral scale of 0 – 100 scale. Significance average of 55, 8 points of social health was found. The average and weak condition was dominated in all age groups. Men’s social health was statistically significantly better than women’s. The study showed a fairly high level of alienation. In the age of group from 18 to 29, it reached 52 percent. The changes of social health in different age groups showed that by the age of 30 years there is tendency to improve, and after 60 years – a tendency to deteriorate. Apparently this is related with the transformation of social capital which this age is the most sensitive.
THE TENDENCIES OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS DURING THE PERIOD OF 2007-2009 YEARS IN VILNIUS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL SANTARIŠKIŲ KLINIKOS
Authors: Šerpytis Pranas , Semėnienė Palmyra , Čypienė Rasa , Grebelis Arimantas , Misiūra Jonas , Alitoit Irina , Šmigelskaitė Akvilė
Published: August 2015

This article describes the tendencies of surgical treatment of the patients, admitted to Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos due to infectious endocarditis, during the period of 2007-2009 years. Objective. To assess the factors influencing the timing of surgery. To determine if timing of surgery impacts an outcome of infective endocarditis. Design and methods: Demographic, clinical, transthoracic/ transesophagal echocardiographic, microbiological, operation protocol data were analyzed. During the research patients were defined into two different groups by timing of surgical treatment. Surgery performed during the first 7 days after an admission to hospital was named as an emergent/ urgent (n=50), later surgery – as an elective (n=50). Finally, 100 patients with Duke Criteria based diagnosis entered the research. Results. There was a relation between the timing of surgery and etiologic factors of infective endocarditis evaluated, p = 0,034. Patients with diagnosis of prosthetic infective endocarditis received an elective surgical treatment usually - 9 (90%), p = 0,008. Refracteric lung edema required an urgent surgical treatment - 9 (82%), p = 0,050. If intracardiac complications were present, surgical treatment was usually delayed - 20 (70%) cases, p=0,008. The length of vegetations (more than 15 mm) did not influence on timing of surgery. The timing of surgical treatment due to infective endocarditis had no influence on the mortality rates, which were the same - 14% - in both groups.
AR SEZONIŠKUMAS TURI ĮTAKOS ŪMINIO MIOKARDO INFARKTO SERGAMUMUI BEI MIRTINGUMUI?
Authors: Šerpytis Pranas , Misiūra Jonas , Berūkštis Egidijus , Pelanytė Simona
Published: August 2015

Aim of study: to evaluate possible seasonal variantion in men and women hospitalization and case-fatality rates of acute myocardial infarction in Vilnius University Hospital Santariskes Clinics, Cardiologic Reanimation and Intensive Care unit during the 2000 – 2010 years period. Materials and methods: we analysed 15333 hospitalized due to acute myocardial infarction patients cases. Median age was 72 ± 1,5 years. 931 patients deaths were caused by the acute myocardial infarction during the exploring period. There were estimated hospitalization and deaths from acute myocardial infarction rates through the four seasons. Results: there were observed 7 % - 10% more men died from acute myocardial infarction in spring and 8% - 11% more in autumn, rather than number of the deaths in winter or summer. In the women group 10% – 11% more died in spring and 12% – 13% in autumn, compare with other seasons. Conclusions: study demonstrated the significant seasonal variation in the hospitalizations rates and deaths from acute myocardial infarction, with more common morbidity in March – April – May and higher mortality rate in March - April and in September – October – Noverber months. Patients older than 55 years have approximately 3,5 – 4,5 times higher mortality due to acute myocardial infarction risk, compare with younger patients.http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/sm-hs.2013.054Article in LIthuanian
ATSTATOMOJO REABILITACINIO GYDYMO ĮTAKA PACIENTŲ GYVENIMO KOKYBEI PO STOMOS SUFORMAVIMO OPERACIJOS
Authors: Gulbinienė Jurgita , Žalkauskaitė Ugnė
Published: August 2015

The aim of study was to evaluate the change quality of life of ostomy patients after reconstructive rehabilitation treatment. The study was performed in two Lithuanian‘s sanatoriums. The study was made in two stages. We questioner 40 patients, who arrived to sanatoriums for rehabilitation after ostomy operation. Patient‘s were asked to answer the questionnaires in the first day of stay and 3 month after operation. Questionnaires: Ostomate Quality of Life (QOL) Survey and 15 supplementary question were used. The results of the study show that after three months following ostomy operation patient‘s quality of life improves significantly. The results of the study show that stress level was significantly lower (77,5 percent) in three months after having an intestine stoma operation, physical condition got better (80 percent), psychological state (75 percent), self-evaluation (72,5 percent), sexuality (52,5 percent), activeness has risen as well (85 percent) (p<0,05). Patients education began in a hospital and is continued at the sanatorium. Ostomy patients were introduced about changing the colostomy pouches and parastomal skin care. It is important to note that at the sanatorium the majority of ostomy patients receive information about nutrition peculiarities. Conclusions. The quality of life of ostomy patients improved significantly in many areas after reconstructive rehabilitation treatment.
Toxicity of Some Pesticides, Heavy Metals and Their Mixtures to Vibrio fischeri Bacteria and Daphnia magna: Comparative Study
Authors: Mansour Sameeh A. , Abdel-Hamid Alia A. , Ibrahim Azza W. , Mahmoud Neveen H. , Moselhy Walaa A.
Published: August 2015

The present study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition test (Microtox® assay), and the standard acute Daphnia magna test; using 3 heavy metals, 3 organic pesticides, and their mixtures. In Daphnia tests, either at 24h or 30 min exposure times, the pattern of toxicity order for heavy metals was Cu ˃ Cd ˃ Pb. Chlorpyrifos-methyl was the highest toxic at 24h, while Triazophos was the highest toxic at 30 min exposure times. In the Microtox® test at 5 min exposure time, the estimated EC50 values were 4.20, 4.53 and 6.60 mg/L for Cu, Cd and Pb, respectively. At the same exposure time, the EC50 values of Triazophos, Chlorpyrifos-Me and Profenofos accounted to 1.76, 3.36 and 4.12 mg/L, respectively. Similar order of toxicity was obtained when tests were conducted at 15 min exposure time. The paired mixtures of pesticides, as well as the mixtures of Cu + Cd and Pb + Cd, showed potentiation effects, while the mixture of Cu + Pb showed additive effect against D. magna. The tertiary mixtures of the pesticides or the heavy metals reacted antagonistically. In the Microtox® assay, the heavy metal mixtures reacted antagonistically, while pesticide mixtures showed synergism. It was concluded that both Daphnia and Microtox® tests showed similar pattern of sensitivity to the single toxicants, but dissimilar pattern to the heavy metal mixtures. On the other side, using shorter exposure time (ca. 30 min) with Daphnia bioassay may enable us to held reliable comparisons with Microtox® results.
Contesting Olivier and JFK:
Authors: Hilb Benjamin
Published: August 2015

This article demonstrates how Orson Welles responds critically to wartime propaganda with his 1965 film Chimes at Midnight. More specifically, it examines the film's engagement with Laurence Olivier's propagandistic film adaptation of Henry V (1944), revealing Welles's opposition to Olivier's nationalist idealizations of soldiers as “bands of brothers,” or noble fraternities with deep bonds. And it demonstrates how Welles's film resists the rhetoric of military elitism that President Kennedy used to spur military recruitment to support U.S. involvement in the Vietnam struggle. Opposing nationalist idealizations of soldiers as noble fraternities with deep bonds and as uncommon individuals with singular abilities, Chimes at Midnight, I argue, depicts martial communities as disunited and inept, and makes clear the collective human cost of elite military individualism.
Irreverence as Fidelity? Adapting Shakespearean Reflexivity inAnonymous(Emmerich 2011)
Authors: Lefait Sébastien
Published: August 2015

The critics who find Anonymous irreverent miss the point by analyzing it as if it pretended to be based on a true story—that of de Vere, the historical character who used the real Shakespeare as a straw man. Rather than bringing to life the Oxfordian theory, the film bases its plot on the tension between two “Shakespeares”—the individual, whose life story contains many blanks on the one hand, and the product of his texts on the other hand. In keeping with the second viewpoint, the film foregrounds the plays, and derives its treatment of the question of authorship from them. In this article, I attempt to rehabilitate Anonymous by analyzing it as a successful adaptation of the Shakespearean corpus. The film uses de Vere as a pretext for creating a storyline that proves relevant in its treatment of the plays. To make this point, I first show that Anonymous improves on extant adaptation strategies. I then demonstrate that the film's apparently disrespectful approach allows Emmerich to adapt some of the main reflexive features in Shakespeare's plays. I finally draw from the film's self-reflexive elements to characterize Anonymous as the first instance of a new mode of Shakespearean adaptation.
“Base Respects of Thrift”:
Authors: Wareh Patricia
Published: August 2015

This article explores competing visions of Shakespeare's Hamlet in the Canadian television series Slings & Arrows (2003–2006). I argue that Slings & Arrows displays both adulation and irreverence toward Shakespeare's text, putting it to new uses even as it considers critically the place of the theater in contemporary culture. My argument sees the series’ depiction of “base” material things—especially those connected to the body—as of special importance for its strategy to explore both the place of the text and crucial themes of Shakespeare's tragedy. In its behind-the-scenes theatrical world, Slings & Arrows makes use of ignoble materiality (everyday objects and the human body with all its flaws, rather than economic advantage) in order to hint at the transcendent. Even as Slings & Arrows depicts the danger that the text can be reduced to just a material object or a commodity, it also shows, for the actors of the New Burbage Festival as well as for the television audience, how Hamlet might also be a spur to meaningful action and a source of living artistic integrity.
Perspectivas para la enseñanza de derechos humanos en la universidad
Authors: Ramírez Ayérdiz Danny
Published: August 2015

La enseñanza de los derechos humanos es una responsabilidad fundamental de los sistemas de educación, obligación cargada a los Estados desde la internacionalización de los derechos humanos (1948).El actual contexto global y local, hace requerir una revisión de los contenidos, enfoques y metodologías tradicionales de los programas académicos de derechos humanos para la formación de profesionales humanistas preparados para la interacción en sociedades democráticas.
Branding, Ingredients and Nutrition Information: Consumer Liking of a Healthier Snack
Authors: Yan Mary R. , Brown Dave , Parsons Andrew , Whalley Gillian A. , Hamid Naziham , Kantono Kevin , Donaldson Bruce , Rush Elaine
Published: August 2015

Taste appeal, sustainable ingredients and valid health claims are challenges for successful marketing of healthier food products. This study was designed to compare the effects of branding, ingredients and nutrition information on consumer liking towards a prototype of the Nothing Else healthier snack bar with the top three brands of New Zealand snack bars, and another product with a good nutrient profiling score. Sixty-four consumers were recruited to evaluate the five snack bars. Participants initially blind-rated on visual analogue scales their liking scores in relation to colour, taste, flavour, texture and overall liking. Packaging for the products was then presented alongside each of the five products and participants rated their liking scores for a second time. Participants also ranked the five products from 1 to 5 for healthiness, taste, naturalness, and purchase intent if prices were the same. In both blind and informed tests, the Nothing Else bar was the least liked snack bar among all the tested samples. However, after the packaging for the products was presented, overall liking of the Nothing Else bar increased by 14% (p = 0.023), while overall liking for the four commercial products were unchanged. While the most popular commercial bar was ranked the highest for taste and purchase intent, the Nothing Else bar was ranked the highest for the healthiness and naturalness. Our findings confirmed that the branding and health related nutrition information could improve consumer liking and brand perception particularly if backed by marketing.
Delving Deeper: One Problem, Six (or More!) Solutions
Authors: Karafiol Paul J. , O'Roark Douglas H. , Zorn Alex W.
Published: August 2015

On a trip to Hungary, students and teacher become intrigued by a problem and work out several solutions.
The Back Page: My Favorite Lesson – How Long Is The Square Root of 2cm?
Authors: Phan-Yamada Tuyetdong
Published: August 2015

A lesson on construction is motivated by the need to construct the diagonal of a unit square.
Is There a “Best” Rectangle?
Authors: Russell R. Alan
Published: August 2015

In trying to find the ideal dimensions of rectangular paper for folding origami, students explore various paper sizes, encountering basic number theory, geometry, and algebra along the way.
Navigating between the Dimensions
Authors: Fleron Julian F. , Ecke Volker
Published: August 2015

Two classroom activities—the Flatland game and sliceforms—are useful vehicles for student exploration of the geometric interplay between the dimensions.
Examining Method Effect of Synonym and Antonym Test in Verbal Abilities Measure
Authors: Widhiarso Wahyu , Haryanta
Published: August 2015

Many researchers have assumed that different methods could be substituted to measure the same attributes in assessment. Various models have been developed to accommodate the amount of variance attributable to the methods but these models application in empirical research is rare. The present study applied one of those models to examine whether method effects were presents in synonym and antonym tests. Study participants were 3,469 applicants to graduate school. The instrument used was the Graduate Academic Potential Test (PAPS), which includes synonym and antonym questions to measure verbal abilities. Our analysis showed that measurement models that using correlated trait–correlated methods minus one, CT-C(M–1), that separated trait and method effect into distinct latent constructs yielded slightly better values for multiple goodness-of-fit indices than one factor model. However, either for the synonym or antonym items, the proportion of variance accounted for by the method is smaller than trait variance. The correlation between factor scores of both methods is high (r = 0.994). These findings confirm that synonym and antonym tests represent the same attribute so that both tests cannot be treated as two unique methods for measuring verbal ability.
Psychobiography Training in Psychology in North America: Mapping the Field and Charting a Course
Authors: Ponterotto Joseph G. , Reynolds Jason D. , Morel Samantha , Cheung Linda
Published: August 2015

Psychobiography holds an important position in the history of psychology, yet little is known about the status of psychobiographical training and dissertation research in psychology departments. This brief report identified psychobiography courses throughout North America and content analyzed a sample of 65 psychobiography dissertations to discern the theories and methods that have most commonly anchored this research. Results identified few psychology courses specifically in psychobiography, with a larger number of courses incorporating psychobiographical and/or narrative elements. With regard to psychobiography dissertations, the majority focused on artists, pioneering psychologists, and political leaders. Theories undergirding psychobiographical studies were most frequently psychoanalytic and psychodynamic. Methodologically, a majority of the dissertations were anchored in constructivist (discovery-oriented) qualitative procedures, with a minority incorporating mixed methods designs. The authors highlight the value of psychobiographical training to psychology students and present avenues and models for incorporating psychobiography into psychology curriculums.
Mindful Sustainable Aging: Advancing a Comprehensive Approach to the Challenges and Opportunities of Old Age
Authors: Nilsson Håkan , Bülow Pia H. , Kazemi Ali
Published: August 2015

The primary aim of this article is to present a new concept called mindful sustainable aging (MSA), which is informed by mindfulness practices that support the physical, the mental, and especially, the social and the existential dimensions of old life. The concept of MSA is discussed and compared with four influential psychosocial theories in the field of gerontology, i.e., activity theory, disengagement theory, successful aging theory and gerotranscendence theory. The article ends with reviewing research on how mindfulness practice can help to manage, diminish and/or improve a number of serious physical conditions that are common among older people. The potential of mindfulness when it comes to facilitating for older adults in their quest for spiritual and existential meaning is discussed extensively throughout the article.
Why Machiavellianism Matters in Childhood: The Relationship Between Children's Machiavellian Traits and Their Peer Interactions in a Natural Setting
Authors: Abell Loren , Qualter Pamela , Brewer Gayle , Barlow Alexandra , Stylianou Maria , Henzi Peter , Barrett Louise
Published: August 2015

The current study investigated the association between Machiavellianism and children’s peer interactions in the playground using observational methods. Primary school children (N = 34; 17 female), aged 9 to 11 years, completed the Kiddie Mach scale and were observed in natural play during 39 recesses (average observed time = 11.70 hours) over a full school year. Correlations for boys revealed that Machiavellianism was related to more time engaging in direct and indirect aggression, being accepted into other peer groups, and accepting peers into their own social group. Correlations revealed that for girls, Machiavellianism was associated with lower levels of indirect aggression, less time being accepted into other groups and less time accepting and rejecting other children into their own group. This preliminary pilot study indicates that Machiavellianism is associated with children’s observed social behaviour and aims to promote future observational research in this area.
“An infusion of the modern spirit into the ancient form”: Textual Objects and Historical Consciousness in George Eliot’s Romola
Authors: Burkert Mattie
Published: August 2015

In George Eliot’s Romola, manuscripts represent the ability of objects to embody the past. Through various characters’ interactions with manuscripts, Eliot explores competing ways of using and valuing history, from Bardo’s obsessive collecting to Savonarola’s ideological co-optation. As the story progresses, however, manuscripts all but disappear and are replaced by printed texts. Through this depiction of technological change, Eliot advances her case for a particular kind of historical consciousness, one that engages critically—rather than fetishistically or opportunistically—with the past. Print, Eliot suggests, allows history to become widely accessible for public consumption, thereby weakening the aura of the past and allowing readers to simultaneously recognize its alterity and its intimate relationship to the present. Eliot suggests that the role of history is to guide and advance the interests of humanity in the present; as such, she uses Renaissance anxieties over the movement from manuscript to print to interrogate Victorian concerns surrounding the proliferation of inexpensive printed materials.
V. Salamanca in Amerika
Authors: Duve Thomas
Published: August 2015

Salamanca in America. Legal History has been interested in the ‘School of Salamanca’ mainly because of its contributions to systematic and dogmatic legal thought. The School was seen as part of the history of legal scholarship. It was because of this perspective that it was considered to be a European phenomenon. In this article, I am proposing a complementary vision of the School. Drawing on an example of how the problem of usura was dealt with in late 16th century New Spain, I call attention to the practical dimension of the School; I intend to highlight its place in a history of ‘finding the law’ (Rechtsfindung); I want to point out that the School can be seen as a producer of erudite practices, especially considering its particular casuistry, which does not fit easily into the traditional history of continental European law as a history of systematization. Looking at these dimensions, the School of Salamanca seizes to be a European phenomenon, but turns out to be a network which stretches over continents. Thus, ‘Salamanca’ was also a part of Amerika.
VI. Streit um Anwaltskosten in der frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Oestmann Peter
Published: August 2015

Argument about legal fees in the early modern period. Part 1: Methodic foundation, advocates’ contracts and payment modalities. Early modern records of proceedings consist mainly of advocates’ legal papers. Nevertheless, one does know just a little about the procurators and advocates and their cooperation with the legal parties, especially if they were no aristocrats, but subjects. However, if the parties did not pay their advocate and the advocates then asserted their fee claim in court, a number of records of proceedings have regularly survived and provide full information about the advocate’s and client’s relation. Next to the proxy, there was the commission as actual advocates’ contract. Regardless of the normative standards, the procurators drafted their contracts mostly as continuing obligations in addition with a yearly fixed fee. The contribution analyses and compares the practical contracting at the Imperial Chamber Court with the Imperial Aulic Council and the Wismar Court of Appeal. Herein the Arrha, an additional item on the invoice, and the attempt to assert contingency fees come into focus. Methodically, the paper pleads in favour of the history of legal practice, which in its valuations renounces itself mostly from the standards of normative sources.
I. ‚Hispana Gallica‘ oder ‚Hispana Rhenana‘? Bernhar von Worms als erster Besitzer des Wiener Codex ÖNB 411
Authors: Pokorny Rudolf
Published: August 2015

‘Hispana Gallica’ or ‘Hispana Rhenana’? Bernhar of Worms first owner of the Viennese Codex ÖNB 411. Only the manuscript Wien ÖNB 411 transmits the Collectio Hispana Gallica in a complete version. So far, its medieval library home has been unknown. An addendum at the end of this codex, which has been not accurately understood in former research, suggests that bishop Bernhar of Worms was the owner of this manuscript around 810/11. In the course of the analysis of Wien ÖNB 411 the article addresses the distinction between codices, transmitting the Collectio Hispana Gallica, and those, transmitting the Collectio Hadriano-Hispanica (which depends from the Collectio Hispana Gallica). As a result it appears that the Collectio Hispana Gallica was transmitted and adapted in remarkable intensity in the Upper Rhine region. Based on these findings the article discusses consequences in determining the chronological starting point for the transformation of the Collectio Hispana Gallica into the Collectio Hispana Gallica Augustodunensis, which was already shaped by pseudo-isidorian influences.
IV. Hildegard von Bingen als Lehrerin des Liturgierechts
Authors: Neuheuser Hanns Peter
Published: August 2015

Hildegardis Bingensis teaching liturgical law - Relations between documented visions and normative texts in the middle ages. Texts in the context of subjective experiences of visions on the one hand and norms looking for the highest levels of objectivity on the other hand seem to stand in insuperable opposition. Therefore it may be surprising that Hildegardis Bingensis in the eucharistic tract of her work Sci vias not only describes single elements of rites but also the duties of the priests concerning a correct execution of the rites including potential misunderstandings and abuses. The present contribution categorizes this phenomenon in the theological context and reports comparable sources (Otloh Ratisbonensis/Emmeramensis, Elisabeth Schoenaugiensis) dealing with defects of the administration of the mass and juridical instructions of the ecclesiastical discipline. The result is a new sight of the relation between the theology of the liturgy and the discipline of liturgy in the perspective of the developed liturgical law in the high middle ages.