bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-term outcome of adenosine–lidocaine–magnesium polarizing cardioplegia in humans
Authors: Francica Alessandra , Vaccarin Arianna , Dobson Geoffrey Phillip , Rossetti Cecilia , Gardellini Jacopo , Faggian Giuseppe , Onorati Francesco
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES

Hyperkalaemic depolarized myocardial arrest is the cornerstone of myocardial protection, although some potassium-related cytotoxicity has been demonstrated. Polarized arrest has gained interest because of a reported better myocardial protection in preclinical studies. The goal of this study was to analyse the quality of myocardial protection and hospital outcome after normokalaemic adenosine–lidocaine–magnesium (ALM) blood polarizing cardioplegia, compared to hyperkalaemic blood Buckberg depolarizing cardioplegia, in elective routine adult cardiac surgery.

METHODS

One thousand consecutive elective adult cardiac patients [627 undergoing ALM-polarizing cardioplegia (ALM-POL) vs 373 Buckberg depolarized cardioplegia (BUCK-DEPOL)] who were operated on were analysed. Perioperative leakage of high-sensitivity troponin I (Hs-TnI), peripheral lactate, inotropic and vasoactive daily requirement [maximal vasoactive inotropic score (VISMAX)], hospital mortality and morbidity were collected and compared in the overall population and in the propensity score (PS) matched population (206 pairs).

RESULTS

A significantly lower leakage of Hs-TnI during hospitalization was detected in patients receiving ALM-POL versus those receiving BUCK-DEPOL (group time P < 0.001 for overall population and PS matched pairs). The maximum value of postoperative Hs-TnI was also lower after ALM-POL (P < 0.001 in both cohorts), and spontaneous recovery of sinus rhythm at aortic declamping was higher (P < 0.001 in favour of ALM-POL). Maximal VISMAX during hospitalization was significantly higher after BUCK-DEPOL in both cohorts (P = 0.019 for overall population; P = 0.031 for PS matched population), with significantly higher VISMAX on the day of surgery in BUCK-DEPOL PS matched patients (P = 0.042). No other significant differences in hospital morbidity and mortality were found.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite comparable short-term clinical outcomes, ALM-POL cardioplegia proved superior in terms of quality of myocardial protection compared to BUCK-DEPOL cardioplegia in elective routine adult cardiac surgery.
Development and Internal Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Falls Among Older People Using Primary Care Electronic Health Records
Authors: Dormosh Noman , Schut Martijn C , Heymans Martijn W , van der Velde Nathalie , Abu-Hanna Ameen
Published: October 2021

Background

Currently used prediction tools have limited ability to identify community-dwelling older people at high risk for falls. Prediction models utilizing electronic health records (EHRs) provide opportunities but up to now showed limited clinical value as risk stratification tool, because of among others the underestimation of falls prevalence. The aim of this study was to develop a fall prediction model for community-dwelling older people using a combination of structured data and free text of primary care EHRs and to internally validate its predictive performance.

Methods

We used EHR data of individuals aged 65 or older. Age, sex, history of falls, medications, and medical conditions were included as potential predictors. Falls were ascertained from the free text. We employed the Bootstrap-enhanced penalized logistic regression with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to develop the prediction model. We used 10-fold cross-validation to internally validate the prediction strategy. Model performance was assessed in terms of discrimination and calibration.

Results

Data of 36 470 eligible participants were extracted from the data set. The number of participants who fell at least once was 4 778 (13.1%). The final prediction model included age, sex, history of falls, 2 medications, and 5 medical conditions. The model had a median area under the receiver operating curve of 0.705 (interquartile range 0.700–0.714).

Conclusions

Our prediction model to identify older people at high risk for falls achieved fair discrimination and had reasonable calibration. It can be applied in clinical practice as it relies on routinely collected variables and does not require mobility assessment tests.
Thymolipomatous myasthenia gravis outcomes following thymectomy: a systematic review
Authors: Alghamdi Zeead M , Othman Sharifah A , Abdelmotaleb Mohammed Sabry , Alreshaid Farouk , Alomar Abdullah , Alaklbi Mohammed , Elbawab Hatem Y , Aljehani Yasser
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES

Our goal was to evaluate the effect of thymectomy on the progression of thymolipomatous myasthenia gravis.

METHODS

An electronic search performed across PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases included all article types. We included 15 series comprising 36 cases that met specific criteria, including case reports or case series related to thymolipoma with a myasthenia gravis association, where thymectomy was cited as the primary intervention with postoperative reporting of the prognosis and articles written in the English language.

RESULTS

Our study included 17 men (47.2%) and 19 women (52.8%). Tumour sizes varied between 34 × 18 × 7 cm and 2.8 × 2.3 × 1.9 cm; the weight of the tumours ranged between 38 and 1780 g (mean 190, standard deviation 341). The surgical approaches were a median sternotomy in 29 patients (80.6%), a thoracotomy in 1 patient (2.8%), video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in 2 patients (5.6%) and unreported approaches in 4 (11.1%) patients. The disease was entirely resolved with complete, stable remission in 5 patients (13.9%); symptoms were improved in 19 (52.8%) and stable in 10 patients (27.7%). We identified 2 groups of patients according to their improvement post-thymectomy (improved group and group with no change).

CONCLUSIONS

Although the cases were uncontrolled and did not demonstrate strong associations, they do support some hypotheses. We found a significant statistical difference between the 2 groups in terms of age, because younger patients tended to improve to a greater degree post-thymectomy. Also, we found that female patients with thymoma visible on the imaging scans were significantly associated with post-thymectomy myasthenia gravis improvement.

Registration number in PROSPERO

CRD42020173229.
Non-fillable Augmentations of Twist Knots
Authors: Gao Honghao , Rutherford Dan
Published: October 2021

We establish new examples of augmentations of Legendrian twist knots that cannot be induced by orientable Lagrangian fillings. To do so, we use a version of the Seidel –Ekholm–Dimitroglou Rizell isomorphism with local coefficients to show that any Lagrangian filling point in the augmentation variety of a Legendrian knot must lie in the injective image of an algebraic torus with dimension equal to the 1st Betti number of the filling. This is a Floer-theoretic version of a result from microlocal sheaf theory. For the augmentations in question, we show that no such algebraic torus can exist.
Exponential Growth of Products of Non-Stationary Markov-Dependent Matrices
Authors: Goldsheid Ilya
Published: October 2021

Let $(\xi _j)_{j\ge 1} $ be a non-stationary Markov chain with phase space $X$ and let $\mathfrak {g}_j:\,X\mapsto \textrm {SL}(m,{\mathbb {R}})$ be a sequence of functions on $X$ with values in the unimodular group. Set $g_j=\mathfrak {g}_j(\xi _j)$ and denote by $S_n=g_n\ldots g_1$, the product of the matrices $g_j$. We provide sufficient conditions for exponential growth of the norm $\|S_n\|$ when the Markov chain is not supposed to be stationary. This generalizes the classical theorem of Furstenberg on the exponential growth of products of independent identically distributed matrices as well as its extension by Virtser to products of stationary Markov-dependent matrices.
PSVI-4 Effect of phytase on mineral digestibility and growth performance of pigs fed diets with pharmacological levels of Zn
Authors: Espinosa Charmaine D , Velayudhan Deepak , Dersjant-Li Yueming , Remus Janet , Stein Hans-Henrik H
Published: October 2021

An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that increasing levels of phytase increases mineral digestibility and growth performance of pigs fed diets with 3,000 mg/kg of Zn. A positive control (PC) diet that met nutrient requirements and a negative control (NC) diet that was deficient in total Ca (-0.16%), digestible P (-0.14%), metabolizable energy (-50 kcal/kg), and digestible amino acids (-0.02%) were formulated. Eight additional diets were formulated by adding 500, 1,000, 1,500, or 2,000 phytase units/kg of a novel bacterial 6-phytase (PhyG) or a commercial Buttiauxella phytase (PhyB) to the NC diet. A randomized complete block design with 400 weanling pigs (5.82 ± 0.70 kg), 10 diets, 4 pigs per pen, and 10 replicate pens per diet was used. Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 28 d. Fecal samples were collected from 1 pig per pen on d 26 to 28. Linear and quadratic effects of PhyG and PhyB were determined using polynomial contrast statements. Contrast statements were used to compare effects of PC diet with NC diet, and to compare effects of PhyG diets with PhyB diets. Overall, pigs fed the NC diet had reduced growth performance (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the NC diet (Table 1). Linear (P < 0.01) and quadratic (P < 0.05) increases in overall average daily gain and average daily feed intake of pigs were observed as dietary concentrations of PhyG or PhyB increased. Increasing levels of PhyG or PhyB linearly increased (P < 0.01) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P and Ca. PhyG increased ATTD of P more (P < 0.05) than PhyB. In conclusion, both phytases are effective in increasing mineral digestibility and growth performance in pigs fed diets with pharmacological levels of Zn; however, PhyG improved P digestibility more than PhyB.
PSVI-5 Effect of probiotic supplementation on performance and intestinal integrity in weaned piglets
Authors: Carvalho Illa Carla S , Silva Bruno Alexander N , Moraes Elenice A , Brand Henrique G , Luspa Maria M , Carvalho Debora Cristine O , Luna Fabrina S , Cardoso Larissa A , Domingos Rodrigo L , Rebordoes Flavio Igor G , Gonçalves Mateus F , Motta Stephane A
Published: October 2021

Probiotics are being considered as an alternative means to reduce pathogen infection and improve animal health especially around the time of weaning. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of the use of a probiotic in diets for piglets on their performance and intestinal integrity during nursery phase. Thirty-six piglets (18 barrows and 18 females), weaned at 24 days of age were distributed in a randomized block design, with six repetitions per treatment (with or without addition of 50g/ton of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315, GutCare®, Evonik Industries) and each repetition with three pigs per experimental unit. During the experimental period, performance parameters evaluated were body weight (BW), daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion, average daily weight gain (ADG) and the intestinal integrity assessed via galactose absorption capacity. The performance data were submitted to the PDIFF option of the SAS and compared using the Tukey test. During phase 1 (24 to 31 days of age) the use of the probiotic tended (P = 0.07) to improve ADG (+76 g/ d) in comparison to control. As for phase 2 (32 to 39 days of age), 3 (40 to 53 days of age) and 4 (54 to 70 days of age) the use of the probiotic increased the ADFI (+118, +66 and +162 g/ d, respectively; P < 0.05) and ADG (+5 and +8%, respectively for phase 2 and 3; P < 0.05) compared to control. The use of the probiotic improved (P = 0.05) nursery end BW (+1.3 kg) and overall ADFI (+8%; P = 0.046). The intestinal integrity was not affected by treatments (P > 0.10) at any stage. In conclusion, the use of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 in diets for weaned piglets can be used as a viable formulation strategy to improve performance and the intestinal health of the animals during nursery phase.
PSVII-8 Influence of different levels of metabolic energy on morpho-biochemical parameters of broiler chicken
Authors: Ryazantseva Kristina V , Sizova Elena
Published: October 2021

The problem of using high-energy diets for early maturing bird crosses is insufficient enrichment of diets, both qualitative and quantitative, with microelements. The aim of the study was to study the effect of different levels of metabolic energy (ME) of diet on productivity and morpho-biochemical parameters of broiler chickens of the Arbor Aсres cross. 3 groups with different content of ME were formed (n = 30). The control group contained 12.61 MJ / kg DM, treatment I - 13.3 MJ / kg DM, treatment II - 14.7 MJ / kg DM. So, live weight of broilers from the II experimental group was higher by 59.9% after the third week of the registration period relative to the control group, and by 18.8% (P ≤ 0.001) compared with I experimental group. At the end of registration period, broilers of II group were superior to the control and I experimental groups by 27.2% and 17.5% (p≤0.01), respectively. At the same time, in the group with the maximum OE content (group II), the level of leukocytes decreased by 9.2%, and the amount of hemoglobin increased by 6.6% compared to the control. By the end of the experiment (35 days), the activity of serum transamylases decreases in experimental groups I and II: ALT activity by 39.2% and 16.7% (P ≤ 0.05); AST by 3.8% and 1.9%, respectively, compared with the control. Thus, the content of main macronutrients of blood serum in animals with the maximum level of MA of the diet (group II) decreases: Fe by 4.95%, Mg by 3.42%, P by 16.7% (P ≤ 0.05) relative to control. Thus, an increase in metabolic energy in the diet of broiler chickens has a positive effect on productivity, causing a decrease in the content of macronutrients in blood serum. The research was carried out with financial support from RSF (20-16-00078).
PSVII-10 Growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and intestinal health of piglets as affected by dietary moa at different levels
Authors: Ma Jiayu , Shang Qinghui , Long Shenfei , Liu Sujie , Mahfuz Shad Uddin , Piao Xiangshu
Published: October 2021

A total of 180 weaning pigs (28 d of age, weighted 7.81±1.51 kg) were selected to explore the relationship between the different levels of mixed organic acids (MOA) on performance, serum antioxidant status and intestinal health of weaned piglets, as well as to investigate the potential possibility of MOA alternative to antibiotics growth promoters (AGP) [funded by BMNS (6202019) and NSFC (31772612)]. Pigs were randomly allocated to five treatments with six replicates (n = 6), including one basal diet with AGP (75 mg/kg chlorinomycin + 15 mg/kg virginiamycin + 50 mg/kg guitaromycin) and four diets with 0 (Con), 3,000 (Con-3), 5,000 (Con-5), 7,000 mg/kg (Con-7) MOA. The experiment was separated phase 1 (d 1 to d 14) and phase 2 (d 15 to d 28). In phases 1, 2 and overall, an improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily gain (ADG) was noticed (P < 0.05) in piglets supplemented with AGP, Con-3 and Con-5. The concentration of serum IgG was enhanced (P < 0.05) in piglets supplemented with Con-5 in phase 2. In the jejunum and ileum, piglets fed AGP and Con-3 increased (P < 0.01) the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. An up-regulated of the Claudin-1 and ZO-1 gene in jejunum of piglets fed Con-3 and Con-5 were observed (P < 0.05). The piglets fed AGP, Con-3 and Con-5 increased (P < 0.05) the content of acetate acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in the cecum, butyric acid and TVFA in the colon. Also, Con-3 declined (P < 0.05) the content of Lachnospiraceae in piglets. The current findings indicated that dietary MOA supplementation at 3,000 mg/kg and 5,000 mg/kg could enhance the performance by improving immune parameters and intestinal health of piglets.
PSVII-11 Long-term evaluation of dietary OmniGen AF supplementation on reproductive performance and milk composition of sows
Authors: Lee Jung Wook , Monegue Jim J , Williams Kim , Estienne Mark J , Chapman Jim , Humphrey Brooke , Lindemann Merlin D
Published: October 2021

A cooperative study involving 189 litters from 114 sows [initial breeding body weight (BW), 200.8 ± 37.1 kg] was conducted at two experiment stations to investigate the effects of OmniGen AF (OG; Phibro Animal Health Corporation) supplementation in sow diets on reproductive performance and milk composition. Diets were: 1) corn-soybean meal-based control diet that met NRC (2012) requirement estimates or 2) control plus 0.75% OG. A common diet formulation was used by both stations. Sow allotment was balanced for breed, parity, and BW. Sows were allotted to diets at least 21 days prebreeding and were fed the diets continuously at 1.82 kg daily in gestation and ad libitum in lactation. Sow BWs were measured at breeding, prefarrowing, postfarrowing and weaning. Litter size responses were recorded within 24 h postpartum and individual pig weights were measured at birth and weaning. Milk samples were collected twice during lactation on d 5–7 and d 14–17. Supplementation with OG resulted in less (P < 0.05) BW change of sows during lactation (-12.1 vs. -8.2 kg). Total born (12.9 vs. 13.0), live born (11.7 vs. 12.0), and weaned (10.3 vs. 10.5) were similar for control and OG sows, respectively. Sows fed OG-based diets had greater (P < 0.05) litter weight for total born (18.3 vs. 19.3 kg) and weaned (63.2 vs. 67.0 kg), and lactation litter gain (47.8 vs. 50.7 kg). Lactation feed intake for control and OG sows (5.32 vs 5.52 kg, respectively) did not differ. Supplementing sow diets with OG increased (P = 0.057) lactose content (5.78 vs. 5.84%) and reduced (P = 0.047) protein content (4.77 vs. 4.68%) in milk. The results of this study demonstrated that supplemental OG at 0.75% in sow diets reduced weight loss during lactation and improved litter weights with marginal effects on milk composition of sows.
PSXVI-2 Response of ileal microbiota composition and immunity function to xylanase supplementation in broilers fed wheat-based diets
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Sujie , Long Shenfei , Ma Jiayu , Piao Xiangshu
Published: October 2021

A total of 112 one-day-old broilers (initial BW 48.03 ± 0.33 g) were selected to investigate effects of xylanase (AT-xynA) on growth performance, ileal morphology, microbiota composition, immune response, antioxidant capacity and endocrine peptide levels in broilers [Founded by NSFC (31772612)]. Broilers were randomly allotted into 2 dietary treatments (n = 7) including a wheat-soybean basal diet (CON), and a basal diet with 4,000 U/kg AT-xynA (XY). On d 7, 14, 21 and 42, broilers were weighted and ileal tissues were sampled. Ileal digesta samples were collected for analyzing microbiota composition on d 21 and 42. The results showed that AT-xynA could improve average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake, and there were interactions between diet and age of broilers (P < 0.05). On d 21 and 42, xylanase supplementation could decrease ileal microbiota α-diversity, the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic microbiota such as phyla Proteobacteria, family Moraxellaceae, Staphylococcaceae, genus Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus (P < 0.05). Moreover, the reduction in acetate concentration and abundance of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria was also observed in broilers from XY group (P < 0.05). AT-xynA could increase ileal villus height, glucagon-like peptide-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations, decreased interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and malondialdehyde content in broilers from XY group, and these positive effects on intestinal health were greater in young broilers. In conclusion, xylanase supplementation to wheat-based diets could improve intestinal health, and the positive effects of xylanase supplementation were more pronounced in young broilers, thus contributing to subsequent improvements in growth performance of broilers.
PSXVI-6 Supplemental effects of phytase on bone parameters, intestinal health, nutrient digestibility and growth performance on broiler chickens
Authors: Moita Vitor Hugo C , Duarte Marcos E , Kim Sung Woo
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to determine supplemental effects of phytase (VTR BIO-TECH, China) on bone parameters, jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of broiler chickens (Ross 308). Newly hatched broiler chickens (360, 44 ± 6 g BW) were randomly allotted in 6 treatments with 10 birds per cage based on CRD and fed for 27 d. Dietary treatments were the supplementation levels of phytase providing (0; 500; 1,000; 2,000; 4,000 FTU/kg feed) and 0.15% less Ca and 0.15% less P than the recommended requirements by ROSS 2019. Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to the diets as an indigestible marker to measure AID. On d 27, 3 birds were randomly selected from each cage and euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa and tissue to measure microbiota diversity and morphology, ileal digesta to measure AID, and left tibia to measure bone parameters. Data were analyzed using SAS. Phytase supplementation tended to increase overall ADG (P = 0.078; 39.7 to 42.2 g/d), whereas without affecting the overall ADFI and G:F. Phytase supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) Pelomonas (10.01 to 2.64%) and tended to reduce Helicobacter (P = 0.085; 10.67 to 0.88%); Pseudomonas (P = 0.090; 2.02 to 0.31%); Sphingomonas (P = 0.071; 1.03 to 0.19%). Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.05) villus height (884 to 989 µm); the AID of CP (65.4 to 70.6%) and P (36.3 to 43.7%). Increasing phytase supplementation from 0 to 1,296 FTU/kg increased (P < 0.05) breaking strength (184 to 213 N) and P content in the tibia (9.5 to 10.0%). In conclusion, phytase supplementation up to 4,000 FTU/kg feed showed benefits on intestinal health by reducing harmful bacteria in the jejunal mucosa, enhancing intestinal morphology and by increasing the AID of nutrients; and on the bone parameters by increasing the breaking strength and P content.
PSXVI-5 Supplemental effects of soy protein concentrate replacing animal protein supplements on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs
Authors: Deng Zixiao , Duarte Marcos E , Kim Sung Woo
Published: October 2021

This study evaluated supplemental effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC) replacing animal protein supplements on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs. Forty-eight newly weaned pigs (6.4 ± 0.6 kg BW) were allotted to 4 treatments in a RCBD with initial BW and sex as blocks fed for 35 d in 3 phases (P1/2/3 for 10/12/13 d, respectively). Dietary treatments were CON: diet with fish meal 4/2/1%, poultry meal 10/8/4%, and blood plasma 4/2/1% for P1/2/3, respectively; RFM: CON with SPC replacing fish meal; RPM: CON with SPC replacing poultry meal; and RBP: CON with SPC replacing blood plasma. Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to diets as indigestible marker from d 30. Growth performance was recorded for each phase. Pigs were euthanized on d 35 to collect jejunal tissue to measure intestinal health and mucosa-associated microbiota, and ileal digesta to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. In P1, RBP decreased (P < 0.05) ADFI compared to CON (202 to 152 g/d) whereas no differences on growth performance and AID (DM, CP, and AA) were observed among treatments during the overall period. The RFM tended to increase (P = 0.087) IgA (3.48 to 5.54 mg/mg of protein) without differences in MDA, TNF-a, IL-8, protein carbonyl, and IgG among treatments. The RPM increased (P < 0.05) Firmicutes (14.3 to 26.1%) and Bacteroidetes (8.3 to 18.7%) but decreased (P < 0.05) Proteobacteria (64.0 to 42.1%). There were no differences in villus height, villus width, and crypt cells proliferation among treatments. In conclusion, SPC could replace animal protein supplements in nursery diets without affecting growth performance and intestinal health, and AID of nutrients. Particularly SPC replacing poultry meal enhanced the balance of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota by reducing Proteobacteria and increasing Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.
PSXVI-8 Taxifolin impact on the consequences of moderate heat stress in fattening pigs
Authors: Nekrasov Roman V , Bogolyubova Nadezhda V , Chabaev Magomed G , Rykov Roman A , Mishurov Alexey V , Tsis Elena Y
Published: October 2021

The research aim is to study the efficiency of feeding Taxifolin (TAX) to pigs under moderate heat stress conditions. The experiment was performed on crossbred ((BWxL)xD) pigs (BW1=17.2–17.4 kg, 58 days old, n = 27) during the fattening period. The animals were in 3 groups: Group 1-control (standard forage-SF, n = 9), Group 2-experimental (SF+32 mg/kg Tax, n = 9), Group 3-experimental (SF, feeding Tax (32 mg/kg) periodically for 7 days at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, as well as when changing feeds, n = 9). To simulate moderate heat stress, the temperature was within the range of +24.0...+27.5°C with a humidity of 60–85%. The TAX effect manifested as an “adaptive factor”, contributing to a decrease of blood cortisol in experimental Groups 2&3 in comparison with the Control Group in the middle (93.5±16.2&133.7±16.6 vs. 147.6±27.5, nmol/l, P < 0.5) and at the end of the experiment (234.4±61.2&253.2±46.4 vs. 284.8±86.8, nmol/l, P > 0.5). Under TAX influence the concentration of blood TBARS decreased by 11.44 (P < 0.05) and 11.80% (P < 0.01) against the control group (2.40±0.12&2.39±0.08 vs. 2.71±0.05, µmol/l). The use of TAX improved ADG in the experimental groups (Week 1, Group 2, P < 0.05; Week 8, Experimental Groups 2&3, p< 0.05) in comparison with the Control Group. A more significant difference in ADG was observed in the final fattening period (1062.2±25.0&1049.9±19.9 vs. 1000.3±24.9, g, P = 0.01), and in general, for the entire fattening period (120 days of experience), ADG was 887.9±13.2&881.6±15.8 vs. 865.2±12.0 g in Control (P > 0.5). In the experimental groups, there was a tendency (75.2±0.4&74.8±0.2 vs. 73.9±0.4, %, P < 0.1) to increase the digestibility of dry matter of feed at the end of fattening. Thus, it was found that feeding TAX to pigs prevents the negative effects of temperature stress factors. The work was supported by Grant No. 19-16-00068 of the Russian Science Foundation.
PSXVI-1 Effect of dietary poppy seed meal supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and blood profile in growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Deokho Koo , Muhizi Serge , wooJung Seok , Shanshui Gao , Junho Song , Inho Kim
Published: October 2021

Yeast products are extensively used as additives in livestock feed to improve their growth performance and intestinal health. A total of 90 crossbred finishing pigs were allocated to one of three treatments according to their BW and sex (2 barrows and 2 gilts) with 6 replicates per treatment and 5 pigs per pen for eight weeks. The dietary treatments were CON -basal diet, CON + 0.05% yeast hydrolysate (YH), CON + 0.1% YH. The yeast hydrolysate supplement used in this study was commercially prepared in the name of CALMORIN. The active ingredients of YH were 40% of crude protein, 3.5% of nucleotides, 23% of β-glucans,4.9% glutamic acid, and 15% of mannan-oligosaccharides. Data were subjected to the statistical analysis as a complete randomized design using the GLM procedures of SAS and the pen was used as the experimental unit. Linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts were performed to determine the effects yeast in the diet with P < 0.05 indicating significance. Dietary inclusion of YH supplement linearly increased (P < 0.05) body weight and average daily gain of pigs at wk 4,8, and overall trail period (respectively). Moreover, apparent total digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy showed linear (P < 0.05) improvement in pigs fed graded level of YH supplementation. Also, the inclusion of YH supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) the fecal microbial lactobacillus population. Furthermore, during the end of the trial, pigs fed YH tended to linearly increase (P < 0.05) backfat thickness and lean meat percentage and linearly reduce drip loss (P > 0.05) from meat sample on day 3 and 5 of storage. In conclusion the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lactobacillus count, and meat quality of finishing pigs were positively enhanced by yeast hydrolysate supplement in the diet.
PSXII-18 Immunoglobulin G content and composition of colostrum in different cattle breeds
Authors: Kessler Evelyne C , Bruckmaier Rupert M , Gross Josef J
Published: October 2021

Immunoglobulins (Ig) are essential bioactive components in colostrum that enable passive immunization of newborn calves. Compared to mature milk, concentrations of fat and protein are greater in colostrum, and represent a vital source of energy and nutrients. Colostral IgG was shown to vary between individual dairy cows, but comparative data on different breeds and performance levels are scarce. The objective of the present field study was to investigate the contents of total IgG, fat, protein, and lactose in colostrum in different Swiss and German dairy and dual-purpose breeds. We collected colostrum samples of 458 cows of 13 different breeds (dairy breeds: Brown Swiss, Swiss and German Holstein Friesian, and New Zealand Holstein; dual-purpose breeds: German Fleckvieh, Holstein Friesian × Montbéliarde, Montbéliarde, Murnau-Werdenfels, Original Braunvieh, Pinzgauer, Rhetic Gray, and Simmental; beef type crossbred Charolais × Holstein Friesian). Colostrum samples were obtained between 5 and 900 min after calving and analyzed for total IgG, fat protein, and lactose contents. Statistical analysis was carried out using a GLM model with breed, parity number, and time of colostrum collection as fixed effects. Immunoglobulin G concentrations varied between 12.7 and 204.0 mg/mL. No effect of breeding purpose (i.e., dairy or dual-purpose), nor of previous lactation yield on IgG content was observed. However, milking of cows for the first time later than 12 h after parturition resulted in lower colostrum IgG concentrations compared to colostrum harvest within 9 h after calving (P < 0.05). Multiparous cows had a higher colostral IgG concentration than primiparous cows (P < 0.0001). Overall, concentrations of IgG and other constituents in colostrum varied widely in the different cattle breeds. High-yielding dairy cows did not have poorer colostrum quality compared to lower yielding animals or beef and dual-purpose breeds, which suggests an individually different transfer of circulating IgG into colostrum.
PSXII-21 Pregnancy associated glycoproteins for pregnancy diagnosis on day 25 of gestation
Authors: Holton Matthew P , de Melo Gabriela , Davis Dylan B , Stewart R Lawton , Pohler Ky G , Lamb G Cliff C , Fontes Pedro L
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of plasma concentrations of pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAG) for pregnancy diagnosis in beef cows on day 25 of gestation. Additionally, differences in circulating concentrations of PAG among cows that experienced late embryonic/early fetal mortality (LEM) were evaluated. Beef cows (n = 214) were exposed to the 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol followed by fixed-time artificial insemination (day 0). Blood samples were collected on days 25 and 29 to determine circulating concentrations of PAG and ultrasonography on day 29 was used as the gold-standard method for pregnancy diagnosis. On days 25 and 29, PAG concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) in pregnant compared with non-pregnant cows. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value (PPV), negative predicted value (NPV), and accuracy on day 25 were 87, 80, 83, 84, and 83%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy for PAG on day 29 were 99, 94, 96, 97, and 99%, respectively. Pairwise comparison of receiver operating characteristics curve analysis indicated greater area under the curve for PAG on day 29 compared with day 25 (P < 0.001). There were no differences in plasma concentrations of PAG on day 25 among cows that experienced LEM compared to cows that maintained pregnancy (P = 0.46). Concentrations of PAG on day 29 were reduced (P = 0.03) in cows that experienced LEM compared with cows that maintained pregnancy, and were not different between LEM and non-pregnant cows (P = 0.12). In summary, cows that experienced LEM had decreased plasma concentrations of PAG compared with cows that maintained pregnancy. The PAG assay utilized in this study yielded accurate pregnancy diagnosis results on day 29 of gestation: however, the presence of false negative results (NPV = 84%) limits its use on day 25 of gestation.
PSXII-19 Organ and cellular contributions to heat production in Brahman and Angus steers
Authors: Hawryluk Briana , McKinney Morgan , Gingerich Chloe , Bell Lindsey , Ramos Patricia , Scheffler Tracy L
Published: October 2021

Reductions in basal metabolism and growth rate appear to contribute to decreased heat production of Bos indicus breeds. Lower metabolic rate may be due to smaller organ size and lower metabolic activity. Liver and heart account for high percentage of metabolic activity relative to their weight, and at a cellular level, mitochondria are responsible for producing energy for cellular maintenance. Our objective was to determine liver and heart weight and evaluate expression of key mitochondrial proteins in Bos indicus (80–100% Brahman) and Bos taurus (80–100% Angus) steers. Steers (n = 14 per breed) were harvested at the university meat laboratory. After evisceration, livers and hearts were weighed, and samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen for further analyses. Western blotting was used to determine expression of proteins in mitochondrial energy production: citrate synthase, a marker of mitochondria content; succinate dehydrogenase B (SDH-B), complex II; cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV, complex IV; and ATP synthase subunit 5A (ATP5A), complex V. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t-test in SAS-JMP. Although steers were similar age at slaughter (P = 0.84), Brahman steers weighed less (P < 0.0001) and thus produced lighter carcasses (P < 0.0001) and smaller livers and hearts (P < 0.0001). On a relative basis (kg organ/kg BW), Brahman tended to possess smaller hearts (P = 0.06) and smaller livers (P = 0.03). Expression of mitochondria proteins in heart did not differ between breeds (P > 0.3). However, Brahman exhibited lower expression of SDH-B (P = 0.005) but tended to have higher expression of ATP5A (P = 0.07) in liver. Altogether, this supports that smaller organ size is a contributing factor to lower heat production in heat-tolerant Brahman steers, and shifts in mitochondria protein expression in liver may impact energy metabolism at the cellular level.
PSXII-20 Ovarian dynamics and fertility in beef cows administered a 5-day or 6-day CO-Synch protocol for timed artificial insemination
Authors: Crist Alexandria E , Motta Jessica Cristina Lemos , Hayden Cameron , Duran Benjamin , Mussard Martin
Published: October 2021

The 5-day CO-Synch is an extensively used TAI protocol; however, it requires multiple administrations of prostaglandin F2α (PGF). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing progesterone (P4) device insertion from 5 to 6 days during a TAI protocol on ovarian dynamics and fertility in beef cows. Suckled beef cows (n = 867) at six locations were randomly assigned to either a 5-day or 6-day CO-Synch. Cows received an intravaginal P4 device (CIDR, Zoetis) and 100 µg of gonadorelin acetate (GnRH, Parnell) on d-9 (6-day) or d-8 (5-day). On d-3 CIDR’s were removed, an estrus detection patch applied (Estrotect, Rockway Inc.) and either one (6-day) or two (5-day) doses of PGF (500 µg of cloprostenol sodium, Estroplan, Parnell) was administered. On d0 (72 h after CIDR removal) all cows received 100 µg of GnRH, estrus expression was evaluated, and AI was performed. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography 34 days after TAI. Ovarian dynamics were evaluated in a subset of animals (n = 20) between d-3 and d7 to determine preovulatory follicle size, time of ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) size. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (SAS 9.4). Cows in the 6-day group tended (P = 0.09) to have a larger maximum follicle diameter (16.2±0.4mm) than cows in the 5-day group (15.0±0.6mm). In addition, CL volume on d7 was greater (P = 0.01) in the 6-day (4302±495mm3) than 5-day (2406±455mm3) group. There were, however, no differences (P = 0.15) in the interval between CIDR removal and ovulation. Cows assigned to the 6-day group had greater (P < 0.05) estrus expression [56.1% (215/385) vs 41.5% (161/388)] and pregnancy rate [54.6% (236/438) vs 47.4% (207/435)] than cows in the 5-day group. In conclusion, extension of the period of P4 device insertion in a prolonged proestrus protocol increases preovulatory follicle size, estrous expression, and fertility to TAI.
PSXII-15 Evaluation of later timing of fixed-time artificial insemination for beef cows when using sex-sorted semen following the 7 & 7 Synch protocol
Authors: Andersen Carson M , Smith Emily G , VanWye Genna M , Thomas Jordan M
Published: October 2021

An experiment was designed to evaluate later timing of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) with sex-sorted semen among postpartum beef cows following the 7 & 7 Synch protocol, with the hypothesis that later timing would result in increased pregnancy rates (P/AI) among cows that expressed estrus prior to FTAI. Beef cows (n = 414) were blocked based on age and days postpartum (DPP) and randomly assigned to receive FTAI at 66 or 72 h after administration of prostaglandin F2α (PG). Estrus was synchronized using the 7 & 7 Synch protocol, which consists of administration of PG (500 μg cloprostenol) and insertion of an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert (CIDR; 1.38 g progesterone) on Day 0, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 μg gonadorelin) on Day 7, and PG coincident with CIDR removal on Day 14. Estrus detection aids (EstrotectTM) were applied to all cows on Day 14, and activation status was recorded at fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) on Day 17. All cows that expressed estrus prior to FTAI received sex-sorted semen (4 × 106 cells per unit; SexedULTRA 4MTM). The proportion of cows expressing estrus prior to FTAI did not differ between treatments at this power of test [66 h: 71% (146/205); 72 h: 76% (158/209)]. Additionally, P/AI of estrous cows inseminated with sex-sorted semen did not differ between treatments [66 h: 44% (90/205); 72 h: 39% (82/209)]. In conclusion, later timing of FTAI following the 7 & 7 Synch protocol failed to improve P/AI of estrous cows inseminated with sex-sorted semen.
PSXII-23 Sirtuins expression and activity in bovine granulosa cells are regulated by hormones that influence ovarian steroidogenesis
Authors: Archilia Evandro C , Bello Camilo Andres P , Batalha Isadora M , Schütz Luis F
Published: October 2021

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of seven NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases that regulate several biological reactions. How SIRTs regulate ovarian steroidogenesis in cattle remains to be fully unveiled. We hypothesize that SIRTs expression and activity are regulated by hormones that influence steroidogenesis in bovine granulosa cells (GC). Bovine ovaries were collected at an USDA-inspected commercial slaughterhouse and GC were isolated from small antral follicles (1–5 mm on surface diameter). Cells were treated with hormones that regulate ovarian folliculogenesis: FSH, IGF1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2, FGF9, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24h for total RNA isolation (n = 6 pools) with miRNeasy microkit (Qiagen) or for 48h for isolation of nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts (n = 3 pools) with EpiQuik Nuclear Extraction Kit (Epigentek) according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Relative mRNA abundance was quantified via qPCR and expressed as 2-ΔΔCt using the relative comparative threshold cycle (Ct) whereas SIRTs activity in nuclear (SIRTs 1, 6, and 7) and cytoplasmic (SIRTs 2, 4, and 5) extracts was analyzed with the Epigenase Universal SIRT Activity/Inhibition assay kit (Epigentek) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Data were analyzed via ANOVA with GLM procedures of SAS for Windows. In terms of mRNA relative abundance, FSH+IGF1+IGF9 increased mRNA relative expression of SIRTs 2 to 7 in comparison to negative control and of SIRTs 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 in comparison to FSH+IGF1; FSH+IGF1+IGF2 increased mRNA relative abundance of SIRTs 2 and 6 in comparison to FSH+IGF1; FGF2 alone increased SIRT1 in comparison to negative control (P < 0.05). In term of SIRTs activity, FGF2 alone increased nuclear SIRTs activity in comparison to FSH, IGF1, FSH+IGF1, and FGF9 alone; FSH+IGF1+IGF2 increased cytoplasmic SIRTs activity in comparison to all treatments (P < 0.05). Taken together, our data demonstrate that SIRTs expression and activity in bovine GC are regulated by hormones that influence steroidogenesis.
PSVIII-13 Are the heat stress days increasing in central northern Mexico?
Authors: Rodriguez-Martinez Rafael , Rivas-Madero Jesús Salvador , Robles-Trillo Pedro Antonio , Meza-Herrera César A , Rodriguez-Venegas Rafael
Published: October 2021

The Lagunera region, located in north central Mexico (24° 01′-26° 48 ‘LN and 101° 52′-101° 52′ 104° 40′ LO), produce the 21% of the national Mexican cow’s milk despite its climatic conditions (temperatures that fluctuate between 12.7 °C in January and 28.5 °C in June, with extremes of -5 °C and 41.5 °C, in addition to high solar radiation). The Temperature Humidity Index (THI) is the most useful indicator to define if there are heat stress conditions. To identify whether the days in which THI ≥68 (considering the threshold for signs of heat stress to appear in high-producing lactating cows) are increasingly reached at least one hour a day, the information of this indicator was recorded every 10 min daily, from 5 cow farms for 6 years (2015–2020), using the DiGiTH™ application (DiGiTH Technologies, Mexico), and regressions were run to identify if there is a relationship between the years of study and the THI levels. At any level of THI (≥68), there is a tendency to increase the number of days (10.05 d per year; R2 0.37); Disaggregating the data by THI level, this trend is also observed for levels 68 to 71 and 72 to 76 THI, registering an increase of 11.33 d (R2 0.45) and 9.03 d per year (R2 0.45) respectively. At the 77 - 79 THI level there is no trend, while at the ≥80 THI level, a decrease of 5.66 d per year was registered (R2 0.79). The results suggest that in this region, the days of heat stress are increasing, except for the level ≥80 THI, which indicates that palliative measures for heat stress should be intensified, and it is necessary to identify the reason for the decrease in heat stress days at the most dangerous level for livestock.
PSVIII-21 Multi-strain probiotics improved carcass characteristics and meat quality in pigs
Authors: Lee Ting-Yu , Young San-Land , Lin Chin-Sheng
Published: October 2021

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Many studies have demonstrated that probiotics could enhance the growth performance of swine, but rare evidence on meat quality. Therefore, a combination of Lactobacillus and Bacillus strains, SYNLACTMLeanAd (SLA), on carcass characteristic, meat quality and cecal microbiota of pig was conducted. 60 LYD weaned pigs were randomly allotted to control (corn-SBM based diet, CT), antibiotic (basal diet with 200 ppm Amoxicillin, AB), and multi-strain probiotics (basal diet with SLA at 106 CFU/g feed, SLA). Pigs fed treatment diets from 7 to 130 Kg BW (24 wks) with 20 pigs/TRT, and individual pigs used as experimental unit for carcass evaluation. There were no differences on carcass weight and carcass yield. Lean percentage of CT, AB and SLA were 54.01, 51.54, and 54.75%, respectively (P > 0.05) with subcutaneous fat 21.59, 21.21, 17.22%, and backfat 3.08, 3.21, 2.76 cm, individually (P > 0.05). However, the longissimus muscles area was improved (62.77 vs. 68.42 vs. 91.59 cm2, P < 0.05), loin weight increased (3.52 vs. 3.49 vs. 4.52 Kg, P < 0.05) with greater marbling score (2.38 vs. 1.80 vs.2.78, P < 0.05) in SLA. Sensory evaluation showed pigs fed SLA had higher juiciness score (3.55 vs. 3.18 vs. 3.91, P < 0.05) with better overall acceptance. It is unclear pork quality was different between treatments; however, cecal microbiome gene sequencing suggested a potential linkage of gut microbiota modification and pork quality by AB or SLA feeding.
PSVIII-11 Agent-based simulation model to evaluate the economic performance of reproductive programs in beef cattle
Authors: Ojeda-Rojas Oscar A , Gonella-Diaza Angela Maria M , Sartorello Gustavo L , Hauber Gameiro Augusto H
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study was to create a stochastic, agent-based simulation model to compare the economic performance of reproductive strategies in beef cattle. The model was parameterized using data from a real herd and the scientific literature. The scenarios evaluated were: natural mating (NM) only (ONM); one timed artificial insemination (TAI) plus NM (1TAI+NM); two TAI plus NM, with 24, 32, and 40 days between TAI (2TAI/24+NM, 2TAI/32+NM, and 2TAI/40+NM, respectively); three TAI without NM, with 24, 32, and 40 days (3TAI/24, 3TAI/32, and 3TAI/40, respectively), and three TAI plus NM, with 24 and 32 days (3TAI/24+NM and 3TAI/32+NM, respectively). The initial female herd was 400 and remained constant. The bull population varies from 0 to 15, depending on the scenario. The outcomes for each scenario are assessed on 32 farms, using a 5000-day time horizon at one-day time intervals and an animal-by-animal basis. The 3TAI/24+NM scenario resulted in the highest incomes (US$ 96,479.2 ± 709.8), while ONM had the least value (US$ 79,753.4 ± 741.9). The total operating cost was highest for 3TAI/24+NM (US$ 101,720.6 ± 79.2) and lowest for ONM (US$ 90,898.6 ± 59.2). However, when the total operating cost was evaluated per kg of weaned calf, the highest and lowest costs were for ONM (US$ 2.8 ± 0.0/kg) and 2TAI/24+NM (US$ 2.17 ± 0.0/kg), respectively. The 2TAI/24+NM (US$ -4,651.3 ± 630.7) scenario presented the best net margin, while the lowest result was for 3TAI/40 (US$ -12,590.0 ± 746.3). Our model suggests that reproductive strategies that use TAI have better economic performance than those under ONM. However, when three TAI were performed with 40 days, the benefit was lower, and even for some analyzes, it was worse than the ONM. The 2TAI/24+NM scenario outperformed the others because of the contrast between its high income with moderate costs.