bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ölümlü ve Yaralanmalı Trafik Kazalarının Parametrik Veri Madenciliği Analizi : Sakarya Örneği
Authors: Çağlar Zeliha Çağla , Aslan Hakan
Published: March 2019

Türkiye’de en çok kullanılan ulaşım türü karayolu ulaşımıdır. Dolayısıyla her geçen gün artan taşıt sayısı, yollarda trafiğin yoğun olmasına, trafik güvenliğinin azalmasına yol açmaktadır. Trafik güvenliğinin azalması kazaları önemli ölçüde arttırdığından, ölümlü, yaralanmalı, maddi hasarla sonuçlanan kazalar, yol kullanıcısı olan insanların çeşitli şekillerde etkilenmelerine neden olan çok önemli bir sorun olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kazaların diğer sonuçları ise ülke ekonomisinde oluşturdukları doğrudan ve dolaylı kayıplar, bunun yanısıra sosyal ve toplumsal kayıplardır. Trafik kazaları ile ilgili çeşitli raporlar hazırlanmaktadır. Örneğin Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğünün 2016 yılında hazırladığı rapora göre Türkiye’de 2008’den 2016 yılına, yıllık trafik kaza sayısı 950.120’den 1.182.491’e çıkmıştır. Bu trafik kazalarında ölen insan sayısı ise 4.236’dan 7.300’e çıkmıştır. Bu sonuçlardan dolayı kazaların azaltılmasına yönelik yapılacak olan değerlendirme ve çalışmalar önemli ve zorunlu hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada Sakarya iline ait 2006-2010 yılları arasında gerçekleşen trafik kazaları verileri kullanılarak, veri madenciliği teknikleri yardımıyla bu veri setinde kazalara ait değişkenlerin, çalışma için uygun olanları alınıp diğerlerinin çıkarılarak durulaştırılması, birliktelik kural analizi yapılması amaçlanmıştır.
The Genesis of Schools and its Architecture in The Arab-Islamic Civilization
Authors: Abu-Hussein Mohammed
Published: March 2019

This research aims to determine the genesis of the schools in the Arab Islamic civilizations and how the educational function has separated from the mosque. Also highlighted the historical, religious, architectural conditions that led to school's emergence. Then, aims to study the different architectural styles of schools across the whole region of Islamic world through studying the architectural plans and forms in order to understand the functions of the spaces and the multi-functional spaces feature. In addition to present an understanding vision for the educational system and discuss its religious specialist , and give a definition for the educational role of the mosque and the continuity of this role in the light of having a new building for education. Though, mention the architectural roots which have various design styles and forms such as residential , religious or the charitable building, even the defensible architectural building like (fortresses,ribat). The conclusion for this research was oriented toward the architecture of school from the functional, the structural wise and discussing its architectural elements to show the aesthetical and artistic value for this architecture and discuss its major role in the urban fabric which is the most important goal for the research.
Sintering Behaviour of Calcium Phosphate Based Powders prepared by Extraction Method
Authors: Çalışkan Fatih , Akça Serdar Gökhan , Tatlı Zafer
Published: March 2019

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used in biomedical implant applications, due to its bioactive, biodegradable and osteoconductive properties. The fabrication of HA by chemical routes is fairly complicated. Extraction of HA from the bovine bone is economic and bio compatible and besides it is easy to obtain. The HA extracted from the bovine bone have most properties of the origin bone. In addition to this, bone grafting potential is better than HA produced by chemical route. The aim of this work is to understand sintering/densification behavior of HA produced from bovine bone (by Archimedes’ principle kit), the microstructure of the sintered bodies (by SEM-EDS) and their mechanical properties (hardness and fractured toughness). Densifications of compact HA samples from natural bone with and without additive were investigated. Phase identification of the raw cow bone and sintered compacts were determined by X-ray diffraction technique.
Kompozit Perde Duvarların Yatay Yük Etkisi Altındaki Davranışlarının İrdelenmesi
Authors: Olabi M Nadir , Çağlar Naci , Kısa M Haşim , Yüksel Süleyman Bahadır
Published: March 2019

Son yıllarda birçok araştırmacı, sismik yükler altında daha iyi yapısal performans açısından konvansiyonel betonarme perde duvarların yerine kompozit perde duvarlar üzerinde çalışmaktadır. Kompozit perde duvarlar yapısal taşıyıcı sistem olarak; arttırılmış yanal yük kapasitesinin yanında mimari olarak dar kesitler kullanılmasına olanak sağlaması açısından tasarımcıların tercih ettiği sistemler haline gelmiştir. Bu konu kapsamında araştırmacılar genellikle hazır profil olarak temin edilebilen yapısal elemanları tercih etmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada hazır profil kesitleri yerine L kesitli çelik levhalar kullanılarak, 1/3 ölçekli, kompozit bir betonarme perde duvar oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan kompozit betonarme perde duvar yanal kuvvetler altında Selçuk Üniversitesi deprem laboratuvarında incelenmiştir. Kompozit betonarme perde duvarın sayısal modeli OpenSees sonlu eleman programı ile oluşturulmuş ve modelin doğrulanması deney sonuçları ile yapılmıştır. Deney sonuçları ile doğrulanan sonlu eleman modeli kullanılarak parametrik bir çalışma yapılmıştır.
Opnet Modeler Ortamında WSN Protokollerinin Gerçekleştirme Süreçlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Doğan Gürkan , Yıldırım Güngör , Tatar Yetkin
Published: March 2019

Kablosuz sensör ağları (KSA), bilgisayar ağlarına benzer olarak katmanlı bir ağ modeline göre oluşturulur ve çalıştırılırlar. Temelde bu katmanlar fiziksel, ortama erişim kontrolü (MAC), ağ ve uygulama katmanlarıdır. KSA sistemini oluşturan her bir düğümde bu katmanlar için belirlenmiş görevler, ilgili katman protokolleri tarafından gerçekleştirilir. Önerilen yeni bir katman protokolünün veya mevcut protokole yapılacak bir iyileştirmenin ilgili düğüm yapısına ve KSA’ya etkisinin analiz edilmesi için düğümünün bu katmanlı yapıya göre modellenip simüle edilmesi son derece önemlidir. Bu bildiride OPNET Modeler simülasyon ortamında 4 katmanlı WSN ağ modeline uygun düğüm modelleri oluşturulmuş olup, belirlenmiş bir KSA ağına katılım isteğinde bulunan bu düğümlerin ve koordinatör düğümün, ağa katılım sürecindeki davranışları simüle edilerek elde edilen sonuçlar tartışılmıştır.
HDPE 100 Boruların Sıcak Eleman Alın Kaynağıyla Birleştirilmesinde Kaynak Sıcaklığı Parametresinin Birleştirme Mukavemetine Etkisi
Authors: Uzun Hüseyin , Kocaman Ayşe Gül
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada, doğal gaz ve içme suyu dağıtım hatlarında, metalik boruların yerini alan yüksek yoğunluklu PE 100 boruların, sıcak elaman alın kaynağı yöntemiyle farklı kaynak sıcaklıklarında
birleştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kaynak sıcaklığının birleştirme mukavemetine etkisi incelenerek, en uygun optimum kaynak sıcaklık değerinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla birleştirilen HDPE
100 borularının çekme testi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel çalışmaların sonucu olarak, yanaştırma ve birleştirme basınçları 6 bar, ısıtıcının yanaştırma süresi 25 sn, ısıtma süresi 120 sn, ısıtıcının çıkartılma
süresi 6 sn, birleştirme süresi 6 sn ve basınç altında soğuma süresi 12 sn olarak seçilen sıcak eleman alın kaynak parametreleri için en yüksek birleştirme mukavemeti veren kaynak sıcaklığının, 225°C olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Numerical Investigation of Conjugate Heat Transfer in Rectangular Micro-Channel Heat Sinks under Laminar Flow Conditions
Authors: Köse Haluk Anıl , Yıldızeli Alperen , Canbolat Gökhan , Çadırcı Sertaç
Published: March 2019

In this study, numerical calculations are performed to investigate steady, laminar convective heat transfer characteristics in rectangular micro channel heat sinks under constant heat fluxes. The investigations are performed at three different inlet Reynolds numbers (400,600 and 800) and constant heat fluxes (500, 1000 and 2000 kW/m2). The aspect ratios of the rectangular micro-channel are selected 1, 1.5 and 2 in the laminar flow regime, respectively. Heat transfer enhancement is the main objective of the study. Nusselt number variation and the pressure drops are found for the given parameters to find the best heat transfer enhancement. It is found that a micro-channel heat sink with square cross-sectional area can be used as an adequate configuration under laminar flow conditions.
Robotic Flight Systems and Applications
Authors: Avşar Dilehan , Avşar Gökhan
Published: March 2019

Drone technology is becoming more and more popular in our lives. Drone technology; industry, art, agricultural production, and many other areas are heavily used. With the system called Agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (DRONE), at least 10 percent efficiency is expected to be achieved every year in agricultural land. In practice, agricultural lands are examined and the places where intervention is needed for soil health are determined. With the multispectral camera on it, the appearance of the land is examined and a soil map is taken and it is determined that the area of 100 hectares is photographed in 30 minutes. As a result, soil structure is analyzed, chlorophyll map is created, plant health is examined and weeds are detected. Irrigation is also checked for difficulty. After the work, it is ensured that the producer can benefit from the soil in the most efficient way. In this study, you will be informed about the types of drone types used for agricultural purposes, whether you need to register a drone owner's vehicle, selected applications and what you can see in the images. with the help of a detailed literature, those experienced in different countries and in particular for agriculture to be evaluated will be determined case for Turkey.
The Effect of Attentional Focus Conditions on Performer’s EMG Activity
Authors: Ay Ayşe Nur , Dolukan Yaşar Barış , Yıldız Mustafa Zahid
Published: March 2019

Many researchers have been investigated the effect of focusing type on motor performance and muscular activity. Studies have showed that focusing on movement effects, i.e., an external focus enhances motor performance whereas, reduces muscular activity compare to focusing on body movements, i.e., an internal focus. The purpose of present study was to determine whether focusing externally had any effect on reduction of Electromyographic activity of performers. In this study, 16 participants were asked to perform weight lifting under control (no instructions are given), external (focusing on dumbbell) and internal (focusing on biceps brachii muscle) conditions. The EMG data were acquired via DELSYS EMG System and monitored on LabVIEW. RMSE values were calculated to compare the EMG activities under each conditions. The results showed that the EMG activity was significantly reduced under external focus condition.
A Study on a Steam Distribution Technology for use in Hydrogen Production and Power Generation
Authors: Oh Sunhee , Jang Jeachul , Cho Chongpyo , Kang Yong Tae , Park Seong-Ryong
Published: March 2019

The high-temperature steam is used in the fields of industrial, residential, and commercial. Especially, in case of high-temperature steam, it can be used to produce hydrogen and likewise it can be used to generate electricity in the field of power generation. However, the steam condition for producing hydrogen and the steam condition for producing electricity are different, it is considerably important to distribute the high-temperature steam in condition satisfying each demand. Moreover, the required pressure and the pressure loss of a steam distributor at the load side should be considered. Therefore, In this study, the numerical simulation using ANSYS fluent was performed by dividing into pipe A(4,000kPa at use of power generation system) and pipe B(300kPa at use of hydrogen production). In addition, it was simulated according to the variation of diameter of pipe B(20mm - 30mm) for analysis of a steam distribution techology. The pressure outlet that can be used in hydrogen production was about 300kPa approximately when the diameter of pipe B was 20mm. As a result, the distribution technology that is used hydrogen production and in the power generation system was obtained through numerical simulation in proposed condition.
Yüksek Kayma Gerilmeli Karıştırıcılarda Besleme Hattı Tasarımının Karıştırıcı Performansına Etkisi
Authors: Korkmaz Furkan , Ünal Selim , Ertaş Avni , Karabay Hasan
Published: March 2019

Karıştırma teknolojisi, imalat ve geri dönüşüm sanayisinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Karıştırıcıdaki verim direkt olarak ürün kalitesini etkilemektedir. Katı-Sıvı karışım proseslerinde karşılaşılan en önemli problem topaklaşma iken sıvı-sıvı karışımlarda damlacıkların karışmamasıdır. Bu çalışmada hat içerisinde bulunan yüksek gerilmeli rotor-stator karıştırıcılarda ön karıştırıcı boru tesisatı tasarımının topaklaşmaya ve karışım kalitesine olan etkisi deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Farklı tasarımlar bilgisayar destekli analizler ile birlikte karşılaştırılarak ürünlerin reolojik özelliklerine göre tasarımın karışım kalitesine katkısı irdelenmiştir. Katı-sıvı karışımlarında topaklaşma için en kritik noktanın sıvı hattı ile katı besleme hatlarının birleşim noktalarında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu kısımlarda oluşan topaklaşma nedeniyle rotor-stator akışkanın hareketlerini kısıtladığı için debinin de düştüğü tespit edilmiştir. Sıvı-sıvı karışımlarda ise ön karıştırma hattının doğru konumlandırılmasının ürünlerin karıştırma hacmine istenilen oranda ulaşmasını ve dolayısıyla karışım kalitesine önemli oranda etki ettiği tespit edilmiştir.
Egzoz Atık Isısından Termoelektrik Modülle Enerji Üreten Sistem Tasarımı ve Optimizasyonu
Authors: Karabektaş Murat , Bolatlı Gülden
Published: March 2019

Günümüzde enerji ihtiyacının artmasıyla birlikte bu ihtiyacın büyük bir bölümünü karşılayan fosil yakıtların tüketimi de artmaktadır. Yanması sonucunda karbon dioksit ( ) gibi zararlı gazlar açığa çıkaran fosil yakıtlar küresel ısınma sorunu gibi çevreye ciddi zararlar vermektedir. Fosil yakıt tüketimin çevreye verdiği zararları önlemek amacıyla son yıllarda sürdürülebilir enerji üzerine yapılan çalışmalar da artmıştır. Atık ısının geri kazanımı da bu çalışmalarda önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada; bir aracın egzozundan atmosfere verilen atık ısıdan termoelektrik jeneratörle (TEJ) elektrik enerjisi üreten sistem tasarımı yapılmıştır. Termoelektrik modüllerin (TEM) sıcak yüzeyine ısı transfer edebilmek için tasarlanan ısı eşanjörünün gövdesinde bulunan kanatçık yapıları değiştirilerek ısı transferinin en iyi olması için sistem optimize edilmiştir. Tasarımda 12, 14, 16 ve 18 kanatçıklı olmak üzere 4 çeşit yapı analiz edilmiş ve eşanjörün TEM’le temas eden yüzeylerinde ısıl dağılım grafikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre; ortalama değerlerde ısıl dağılım gösteren yapı maksimum 226 ? yüzey sıcaklığı ile içten yanmalı motor performansını daha fazla kanatçıklı yapılara göre daha az etkilemesi ve kolay imal edilebilir olmasından dolayı 14 kanatçıklı yapıya sahip eşanjör tasarımı olduğu kanısına varılmıştır. Daha sonra tasarlanan 14 kanatçıklı eşanjör imal edilerek diğer ekipmanlarla birlikte TEM’den elektrik üreten düzenek hazırlanmıştır.
Elektrokardiyografi Sinyallerinin Gerçek Zamanlı Kaydı İçin Ardunio Eklentisi Tasarımı
Authors: Isler Yalcin , Cagatay Onur Doganay
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada elektrokardiyografi (EKG) sinyalleri elde eden bir Arduino eklentisi yapılmıştır. Bu eklenti, üzerindeki seçici entegreler yardımıyla kullanıcı tarafından belirlenen 16 farklı giriş kanalı bulunmaktadır. İlk olarak seçilen kanallardaki EKG sinyalleri enstrümantal yükselteçle yükseltilir. Daha sonra aktif alçak ve yüksek filtrelerden ve notch (çentik) filtresinden geçirilir. Yükseltilmiş ve
filtrelerden geçirilmiş EKG sinyali Arduino yardımıyla ara yüz programına gerçek zamanlı aktarılır. Ara yüz programını kontrol eden kullanıcı giriş kanallarını, EKG sinyalinin kazancını, aktif alçak ve yüksek filtrelerin kesim frekansını değiştirebilir. 
 
Development of Microcontroller Based Two Stage Student Attendance Management System
Authors: Üçgün Hakan , İleri Enes , Yüzgeç Uğur , Yayla Rıdvan
Published: March 2019

The progress on today's technologies has brought many advantages. Wearable technologies, telecommunication, robotic systems, 3d printers and many other applications provide great convenience for human life. Sensor technologies are also among these applications. Performing a process by controlling or co-operating the sensors also provides a significant benefit in eliminating difficulties for humans. One of the places where sensors are used is recognition systems. In the recognition process, the user materials are used such as the card, fingerprint, iris, face etc. Digital identification systems are recognition systems that can be done with various sensors and provide various benefits for the users. In the scope of this study, student attendance management system that comprises two stage control processes has been realized. At the first stage, the student ID card is read in the RFid card reader module and then the person information is checked from the database and go to the second stage. At the second stage, the fingerprint of the student is read by fingerprint sensor and the student is given the possibility to transition after the database control. Time and login information are recorded in the database when the student uses the system. Thanks to this system, it is aimed to get rid of some problems, such as sign someone else's, reading the student card someone else's, etc., in the student attendance management system.
Kabinli Traktörlerde Çubuklu Debriyaj ve Direksiyon Altı Shuttle Kolunun Kilitleme Mekanizmasının Tasarımı ve Analizi
Authors: Çakır Zafer , Kullukçu Ali , Karayel Durmus , Atalı Gökhan , Özkan Sinan Serdar
Published: March 2019

Traktörler tarım sektöründe çok yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmakta olan araçlardır. Müşteri talepleri ve sektördeki teknolojik eğilimler değerlendirildiğinde, traktör kullanım esnasında sürücünün en fazla zorlandığı ve zaman kaybettiği noktalardan birisinin mekanik kumanda kol sistemleri olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bununla beraber, çalışmış olduğum traktör fabrikasındaki Kabinli tarla modeli traktörlerimizde direksiyon altı shuttle kolu sürücünün sol tarafta bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca Kabinli traktörümüzde bulunan debriyaj sistemi hidroliktir. Debriyaja tam basılmadan shuttle kolu hareket etmemektedir. Ayrıca kabinde içerisinde bulunan yan yolcu koltuğu da sürücünün sol tarafında bulunmaktadır. Bu durumda kabin içerisinde sürücü ile bir yan yolcu olduğunda direksiyon altı shuttle kolu ergonomik olarak kullanımı uygun değildir. Bununla beraber başka bir problem ise, debriyaj pedalına bağlı debriyaj silindir çatalı ayarının üretim esnasında operatör tarafından unutulması veya ayarın yapılmasının zor olması gibi problemlerden dolayı, üst debriyaj silindirindeki giriş portundaki yağ, debriyaj silindir çatalının arkasında kalmaktadır. Bu da pedalının boşaltmasına ve baskı ile balatanın ayrılmamasına sebep olmaktadır.
Sivrisineklerden Koruyucu Tekstil Ürünlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Yuce Ismail
Published: March 2019

Böcek ve sinek gibi haşereler günlük yaşantımızda istenmeyen ve zarar verebilen canlı türleridir. Genel olarak, sivrisinekler, sinekler, keneler, pireler, bitler, karıncalar, vs. gibi eklembacaklılar, ısırılmasından sonra insanlara ölümcül hastalıkların yayılmasına neden olan parazitler ve patojenler taşıyabilirler. Eklem bacaklılar arasında sivrisinekler dünyadaki en ölümcül hayvanlardan biridir. Her yıl ortalama 500 milyona varan sıtma vakası yaşanmakta ve bunların % 90'ı Afrika'da gerçekleşir. Dang dünyadaki en önemli sivrisinek kaynaklı virus hastalığıdır. Dünya çapında 2,5 milyar insan enfeksiyon riski altındadır ve 100 den fazla ülkede her yıl 20 milyondan fazla vaka görülür. Bu problemin önüne geçilmesi için losyon, spray, bileklik gibi ürünler piyasada satılmaktadır. Ancak eklembacaklıları koruyucu tekstil ürünleri, tüm vücudu kapsayabildiği ve konforu nedeniyle daha kullanışlıdırlar. Bu tür koruyucu giysiler, böcek itici giysiler olarak adlandırılır. Onların işlevi, insanları genel olarak böcek ya da eklembacaklıların ısırmasından korumaktır. Aynı zamanda bu giysiler birden fazla yıkamaya dayanıklı olmalıdır. Bu çalışmada sivrisinek koruyucu tekstil ürünleri, üretim metodları ve bu kumaşların etkinliğinin ölçüm yöntemleri kaynak taraması metoduyla incelenmiştir.
EFFICIENCY OF THE APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS FOR PRESERVATION ROLLED CORN GRAIN
Authors: Tsykunova Oksana , Kodochilova Natalya , Salova Lyubov
Published: March 2019

Experimental data on the effectiveness of the use of the chemical and biological preparation for the conservation of rolled corn. The effectiveness of the use of preparation was determined by organoleptic indicators, acidity, acidification rate, organic acid content, chemical and nutritional composition of the feed, comparing them with the option of preserved without the use of preparation (control). Digestibility and energy nutrition were determined by calculation using formulas taken from the guidelines for assessing the quality and nutritional value of feed. Digital material was processed by the statistical method of small samples with establishing the reliability of the difference (P) between the options on a PC using the Microsoft Office software package. As a result of research, the effectiveness of the use of formic acid in pure form, as well as in a mixture with ammonia 85:15, with ammonia, propionic and benzoic acids in the ratio 50:20:2:10, 40:40:2:5 and AIV for the preservation of rolled corn. They allows acidifies feed for optimal acidity value necessary for long-term storage of feed and maintain it throughout the storage period, increases the content of raw and digestible protein, feed units, metabolic energy in the resulting feed.
Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy with Multi-Objective Optimization for Multimodal Optimization
Authors: Li Wei
Published: March 2019

The standard covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) is highly effective at locating a single global optimum. However, it shows unsatisfactory performance for solving multimodal optimization problems (MMOPs). In this paper, an improved algorithm based on the MA-ES, which is called the matrix adaptation evolution strategy with multi-objective optimization algorithm, is proposed to solve multimodal optimization problems (MA-ESN-MO). Taking advantage of the multi-objective optimization in maintaining population diversity, MA-ESN-MO transforms an MMOP into a bi-objective optimization problem. The archive is employed to save better solutions for improving the convergence of the algorithm. Moreover, the peaks found by the algorithm can be maintained until the end of the run. Multiple subpopulations are used to explore and exploit in parallel to find multiple optimal solutions for the given problem. Experimental results on CEC2013 test problems show that the covariance matrix adaptation with Niching and the multi-objective optimization algorithm (CMA-NMO), CMA Niching with the Mahalanobis Metric and the multi-objective optimization algorithm (CMA-NMM-MO), and matrix adaptation evolution strategy Niching with the multi-objective optimization algorithm (MA-ESN-MO) have overall better performance compared with the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES), matrix adaptation evolution strategy (MA-ES), CMA Niching (CMA-N), CMA-ES Niching with Mahalanobis Metric (CMA-NMM), and MA-ES-Niching (MA-ESN).
Parameter Estimation, Robust Controller Design and Performance Analysis for an Electric Power Steering System
Authors: Nguyen Van Giao , Guo Xuexun , Zhang Chengcai , Tran Xuan Khoa
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a parameter estimation, robust controller design and performance analysis for an electric power steering (EPS) system. The parametrical analysis includes the EPS parameters and disturbances, such as the assist motor parameters, sensor-measurement noise, and random road factors, allowing the EPS stability to be extensively investigated. Based on the loop-shaping technique, the system controller is designed to increase the EPS stability and performance. The loop-shaping procedure is proposed to minimize the influence of system disturbances on the system outputs. The simplified refined instrumental variable (SRIV) algorithm, least squares state variable filter (LSSVF) algorithm and instrumental variable state variable filter (IVSVF) algorithm are applied to reduce the model mismatching between the theoretical EPS models and the real EPS model, as the EPS parameters can be accurately identified based on the experimental EPS data. The performance of the proposed method is thus compared to that of the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) test bench results for the EPS system. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed loop-shaping controller provides good tracking performance while ensuring the stability of the EPS system.
Profluorescent Fluoroquinolone-Nitroxides for Investigating Antibiotic–Bacterial Interactions
Authors: Verderosa Anthony D. , Dhouib Rabeb , Fairfull-Smith Kathryn E. , Totsika Makrina
Published: March 2019

Fluorescent probes are widely used for imaging and measuring dynamic processes in living cells. Fluorescent antibiotics are valuable tools for examining antibiotic–bacterial interactions, antimicrobial resistance and elucidating antibiotic modes of action. Profluorescent nitroxides are ‘switch on’ fluorescent probes used to visualize and monitor intracellular free radical and redox processes in biological systems. Here, we have combined the inherent fluorescent and antimicrobial properties of the fluoroquinolone core structure with the fluorescence suppression capabilities of a nitroxide to produce the first example of a profluorescent fluoroquinolone-nitroxide probe. Fluoroquinolone-nitroxide (FN) 14 exhibited significant suppression of fluorescence (>36-fold), which could be restored via radical trapping (fluoroquinolone-methoxyamine 17) or reduction to the corresponding hydroxylamine 20. Importantly, FN 14 was able to enter both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells, emitted a measurable fluorescence signal upon cell entry (switch on), and retained antibacterial activity. In conclusion, profluorescent nitroxide antibiotics offer a new powerful tool for visualizing antibiotic–bacterial interactions and researching intracellular chemical processes.
Potential of Fluorescence Index Derived from the Slope Characteristics of Laser-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Spectrum for Rice Leaf Nitrogen Concentration Estimation
Authors: Yang Jian , Du Lin , Shi Shuo , Gong Wei , Sun Jia , Chen Biwu
Published: March 2019

Leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) is a major biochemical parameter for estimating photosynthetic efficiency and crop yields. Laser-induced fluorescence, which is a promising potential technology, has been widely used to estimate the growth status of crops with the help of multivariate analysis. In this study, a fluorescence index was proposed based on the slope characteristics of fluorescence spectrum and was used to estimate LNC. Then, the performance of different fluorescence characteristics (proposed fluorescence index, fluorescence ratios, and fluorescence characteristics calculated by principal component analysis (PCA)) for LNC estimation was analyzed based on back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model. The proposed fluorescence index exhibited more stability and reliability for LNC estimation than fluorescence ratios and characteristics calculated by PCA. In addition, the effect of different kernel functions and hidden layer sizes of BPNN model on the accuracy of LNC estimation was discussed for different fluorescence characteristics. The optimal train functions “trainrp,” “trainbr,” and “trainlm” were then selected with higher R2 and lower standard deviation (SD) values than those of other train functions. In addition, experimental results demonstrated that the hidden layer size has a smaller impact on the accuracy of LNC estimation than the kernel function of the BPNN model.
Holographic Element-Based Effective Perspective Image Segmentation and Mosaicking Holographic Stereogram Printing
Authors: Fan Fan , Jiang Xiaoyu , Yan Xingpeng , Wen Jun , Chen Song , Zhang Teng , Han Chao
Published: March 2019

Effective perspective image segmentation and mosaicking (EPISM) method is an effective holographic stereogram printing method, but a mosaic misplacement of reconstruction image occurred when focusing away from the reconstruction image plane. In this paper, a method known as holographic element-based effective perspective image segmentation and mosaicking is proposed. Holographic element (hogel) correspondence is used in EPISM method as pixel correspondence is used in direct-writing digital holography (DWDH) method to generate effective perspective images segments. The synthetic perspective image for holographic stereogram printing is obtained by mosaicking all the effective perspective images segments. Optical experiments verified that the holographic stereogram printed by the proposed method can provide high-quality reconstruction imagery and solve the mosaic misplacement inherent in the EPISM method.
Impact of Wind Veer and the Coriolis Force for an Idealized Farm to Farm Interaction Case
Authors: Eriksson Ola , Breton Simon-Philippe , Nilsson Karl , Ivanell Stefan
Published: March 2019

The impact of the Coriolis force on the long distance wake behind wind farms is investigated using Large Eddy Simulations (LES) combined with a Forced Boundary Layer (FBL) technique. When using the FBL technique any mean wind shear and turbulent fluctuations can be added with body forces. The wind shear can also include the mean wind veer due to the Coriolis force. The variation of the Coriolis force due to local deviations from the mean profile, e.g., from wakes, is not taken into account in the FBL. This can be corrected for with an extra source term in the equations, hereon defined as the Coriolis correction. For a row of 4 turbines it is shown that the inclusion of the wind veer turns the wake to the right, while including the Coriolis correction turns it to the left. When including both wind veer and Coriolis correction the impact of wind veer dominates. For an idealized farm to farm interaction case, two farms of 4 ∗ 4 turbines with 6 km in between, it can be seen that when including wind veer and the Coriolis correction a approximately 3% increase in the relative production for a full wake direction can be seen and only a slightly smaller increase can be seen when including only wind veer. The results indicate that FBL can be used for studies of long distance wakes without including a Coriolis correction but efforts need to be taken to use a wind shear with a correct mean wind veer.
A Comprehensive Feature Comparison Study of Open-Source Container Orchestration Frameworks
Authors: Truyen Eddy , Van Landuyt Dimitri , Preuveneers Davy , Lagaisse Bert , Joosen Wouter
Published: March 2019

(1) Background: Container orchestration frameworks provide support for management of complex distributed applications. Different frameworks have emerged only recently, and they have been in constant evolution as new features are being introduced. This reality makes it difficult for practitioners and researchers to maintain a clear view of the technology space. (2) Methods: we present a descriptive feature comparison study of the three most prominent orchestration frameworks: Docker Swarm, Kubernetes, and Mesos, which can be combined with Marathon, Aurora or DC/OS. This study aims at (i) identifying the common and unique features of all frameworks, (ii) comparing these frameworks qualitatively and quantitatively with respect to genericity in terms of supported features, and (iii) investigating the maturity and stability of the frameworks as well as the pioneering nature of each framework by studying the historical evolution of the frameworks on GitHub. (3) Results: (i) we have identified 124 common features and 54 unique features that we divided into a taxonomy of 9 functional aspects and 27 functional sub-aspects. (ii) Kubernetes supports the highest number of accumulated common and unique features for all 9 functional aspects; however, no evidence has been found for significant differences in genericity with Docker Swarm and DC/OS. (iii) Very little feature deprecations have been found and 15 out of 27 sub-aspects have been identified as mature and stable. These are pioneered in descending order by Kubernetes, Mesos, and Marathon. (4) Conclusion: there is a broad and mature foundation that underpins all container orchestration frameworks. Likely areas for further evolution and innovation include system support for improved cluster security and container security, performance isolation of GPU, disk and network resources, and network plugin architectures.
Impact of Particle Size Distribution of Colloidal Particles on Contaminant Transport in Porous Media
Authors: Won Jongmuk , Lee Dongseop , Pham Khanh , Lee Hyobum , Choi Hangseok
Published: March 2019

The presence of retained colloidal particles causes the retardation of contaminant transport when the contaminant is favorably adsorbed to colloidal particles. Although the particle size distribution affects the retention behavior of colloidal particles, the impact of particle size distribution on contaminant transport has not been reported to date. This study investigates the impact of the particle size distribution of the colloidal particles on contaminant transport through numerical simulation by representing the particle size distribution as a lognormal distribution function. In addition, the bed efficiency and contaminant saturation of simulated breakthrough curves were calculated, and a contaminant transport model with the Langmuir isotherm for the reaction between the contaminant–sand and contaminant–colloidal particle was introduced and validated with experimental data. The simulated breakthrough curves, bed efficiency, and contaminant saturation indicated that an increase in the mean and standard deviation of the particle size distribution causes the retardation of contaminant transport.
High-Resolution Simulations of the Urban Thermal Climate in Suzhou City, China
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhang Ning , Zhu Yan
Published: March 2019

City thermal discomfort conditions have been exacerbated by the rapid urbanization processes in China. High-resolution urban thermal climate simulations can help us to understand urban climate features and produce better urban designs. In this paper, a single-layer urban canopy model (UCM) combined with Landsat satellite data and high-resolution meteorological forcing data was used to simulate very-high-resolution characteristics of temperature and humidity at the urban canopy level, and the heat index at the pedestrian level was also estimated. The research shows that the National center of environmental forecasting, Oregon state university, Air force and Hydrological research lab (NOAH)-UCM model can simulate the distribution of meteorological elements for different land uses in a fine and effective manner, making it an effective approach to obtaining the fundamental data for urban climate analysis. The spatial distribution pattern of urban heat islands in Suzhou is highly consistent with urban land cover fraction. High-density and medium-density urban areas are centers of urban heat islands, and the annual number of high-temperature days and heat indices over the high-density and medium-density urban areas are markedly higher than those in low-density cities and suburbs, indicating that urban development has a significant impact on the urban thermal environment.
Understanding the Impacts of Climate Change on Health to Better Manage Adaptation Action
Authors: Heaviside Clare
Published: March 2019

The atmospheric and climate research communities have made significant advances in recent decades in gathering and understanding the scientific evidence supporting the concept of anthropogenic climate change [...]
PM2.5 Pollution in Xingtai, China: Chemical Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Emission Control Measures
Authors: Hu Jun , Wang Han , Zhang Jingqiao , Zhang Meng , Zhang Hefeng , Wang Shulan , Chai Fahe
Published: March 2019

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) and its surrounding areas are one of the most polluted regions in China. Xingtai, as a heavy industrial city of BTH and its surrounding areas, has been experiencing a severe PM2.5 pollution in recent years, characterized by extremely high concentrations of PM2.5. In 2014, PM2.5 mass concentrations monitored by online instruments in urban areas of Xingtai were 116, 77, 128, and 200 µg m−3 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, with annually average concentrations of 130 µg m−3 exhibiting 3.7 times higher than National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) value for PM2.5 (35 µg m−3). To identify PM2.5 emission sources, ambient PM2.5 samples were collected during both cold and warm periods in 2014 in urban areas of Xingtai. Organic carbon (OC), sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and elemental carbon (EC) were the dominant components of PM2.5, accounting for 13%, 11%, 12%, 11% and 8% in the cold period, respectively, and 11%, 12%, 9%, 6%, and 5% in the warm period, respectively. Source apportionment results indicated that coal combustion (24.4%) was the largest PM2.5 emission source, followed by secondary sulfate (22.2%), secondary nitrate (18.4%), vehicle exhaust dust (12.4%), fugitive dust (9.7%), construction dust (5.5%), soil dust (3.4%) and metallurgy dust (1.6%). Based on PM2.5 source apportionment results, some emission control measures, such as replacing bulk coal with clean energy sources, controlling coal consumption by coal-fired boiler upgrades, halting operations of unlicensed small polluters, and controlling fugitive and VOCs emission, were proposed to be implemented in order to improve Xingtai’s ambient air quality.
On the Linear Quadratic Optimal Control for Systems Described by Singularly Perturbed Itô Differential Equations with Two Fast Time Scales
Authors: Drăgan Vasile
Published: March 2019

In this paper a stochastic optimal control problem described by a quadratic performance criterion and a linear controlled system modeled by a system of singularly perturbed Itô differential equations with two fast time scales is considered. The asymptotic structure of the stabilizing solution (satisfying a prescribed sign condition) to the corresponding stochastic algebraic Riccati equation is derived. Furthermore, a near optimal control whose gain matrices do not depend upon small parameters is discussed.
The Effect of the Tactile Attributes of a Container on Mineral Water Perception
Authors: Risso Paola , Maggioni Emanuela , Etzi Roberta , Gallace Alberto
Published: March 2019

The present study investigates the effect of container texture on people’s perception of four characteristics (i.e., freshness, pleasantness, level of carbonation, lightness) of mineral water (i.e., still or carbonated). Water was served in three commercial cups covered with a layer of sandpaper, satin, or the same material of the cup (plastic). The blindfolded participants were asked to evaluate the mineral water using visual analogue scales. The results showed that mineral water was perceived as fresher and more pleasant when contained in plastic cups than when it was contained in cups covered with sandpaper or satin. Moreover, mineral water was perceived as lighter when contained in plastic cups than when it was contained in cups covered with sandpaper. These results suggest that people’s perception of some characteristics of mineral water can be modulated by the texture of the container in which the liquid is served.
Rapid Induction of Liver Regeneration for Major Hepatectomy (REBIRTH): A Randomized Controlled Trial of Portal Vein Embolisation versus ALPPS Assisted with Radiofrequency
Authors: Jiao Long R. , Fajardo Puerta Ana B. , Gall Tamara M.H. , Sodergren Mikael H. , Frampton Adam E. , Pencavel Tim , Nagendran Myura , Habib Nagy A. , Darzi Ara , Pai Madhava , Thomas Rob , Tait Paul
Published: March 2019

To avoid liver insufficiency following major hepatic resection, portal vein embolisation (PVE) is used to induce liver hypertrophy pre-operatively. Associating liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy assisted with radiofrequency (RALPPS) was introduced as an alternative method. A randomized controlled trial comparing PVE with RALPPS for the pre-operative manipulation of liver volume in patients with a future liver remnant volume (FLRV) ≤25% (or ≤35% if receiving preoperative chemotherapy) was conducted. The primary endpoint was increase in size of the FLRV. The secondary endpoints were length of time taken for the volume gain, morbidity, operation length and post-operative liver function. Between July 2015 and October 2017, 57 patients were randomised to RALPPS (n = 29) and PVE (n = 28). The mean percentage of increase in the FLRV was 80.7 ± 13.7% after a median 20 days following RALPPS compared to 18.4 ± 9.8% after 35 days (p < 0.001) following PVE. Twenty-four patients after RALPPS and 21 after PVE underwent stage-2 operation. Final resection was achieved in 92.3% and 66.6% patients in RALPPS and PVE, respectively (p = 0.007). There was no difference in morbidity, and one 30-day mortality after RALPPS (p = 0.991) was reported. RALPPS is more effective than PVE in increasing FLRV and the number of patients for surgical resection.
Ghrelin Upregulates Oncogenic Aurora A to Promote Renal Cell Carcinoma Invasion
Authors: Lin Tsung-Chieh , Yeh Yuan-Ming , Fan Wen-Lang , Chang Yu-Chan , Lin Wei-Ming , Yang Tse-Yen , Hsiao Michael
Published: March 2019

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone, originally identified from the stomach, that functions as an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and promotes growth hormone (GH) release and food intake. Increasing reports point out ghrelin’s role in cancer progression. We previously characterized ghrelin’s prognostic significance in the clear cell subtype of renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and its pro-metastatic ability via Snail-dependent cell migration. However, ghrelin’s activity in promoting cell invasion remains obscure. In this study, an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA)-based investigation of differentially expressed genes in Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) dataset indicated the potential association of Aurora A with ghrelin in ccRCC metastasis. In addition, a significant correlation between ghrelin and Aurora A expression level in 15 ccRCC cell line was confirmed by variant probes. ccRCC patients with high ghrelin and Aurora A status were clinically associated with poor outcome. We further observed that ghrelin upregulated Aurora A at the protein and RNA levels and that ghrelin-induced ccRCC in vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis occurred in an Aurora A-dependent manner. Furthermore, MMP1, 2, 9 and 10 expressions are associated with poor outcome. In particular, MMP10 is significantly upregulated and required for the ghrelin-Aurora A axis to promote ccRCC invasion. The results of this study indicated a novel signaling mechanism in ccRCC metastasis.
Metathesis of Functionalized Alkane: Understanding the Unsolved Story
Authors: Tretiakov Mykyta , Lebedev Yury , Samantaray Manoja K. , Saidi Aya , Rueping Magnus , Basset Jean-Marie
Published: March 2019

For the first time, we developed a method which enables a functionalized alkane to be metathesized to its lower and higher homologues. For this metathesis reaction, we used [(≡Si-O-)W(CH3)5] as a catalyst precursor and 9-hexyl-9H-carbazole as a reactant.
Differential Expression of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Markers in Mouse and Human SHH-Subtype Medulloblastoma
Authors: Łastowska Maria , Karkucińska-Więckowska Agnieszka , Waschek James A. , Niewiadomski Paweł
Published: March 2019

Medulloblastoma is a brain tumor that arises predominantly in infants and children. It is the most common pediatric brain malignancy. Around 25% of medulloblastomas are driven by constitutive activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Hedgehog-driven medulloblastoma is often studied in the laboratory using genetic mouse models with overactive Hedgehog signaling, which recapitulate many of the pathological features of human Hedgehog-dependent tumors. However, we show here that on a molecular level the human and mouse HH-dependent MB are quite distinct, with human, but not mouse, tumors characterized by the presence of markers of increased oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis. The latter suggests that, unlike for many other types of tumors, a switch to glycolytic metabolism might not be co-opted by human SHH-MB to perpetuate their survival and growth. This needs to be taken into consideration and could potentially be exploited in the design of therapies.
Cytoplasmic Interactions between the Glucocorticoid Receptor and HDAC2 Regulate Osteocalcin Expression in VPA-Treated MSCs
Authors: La Noce Marcella , Mele Luigi , Laino Luigi , Iolascon Giovanni , Pieretti Gorizio , Papaccio Gianpaolo , Desiderio Vincenzo , Tirino Virginia , Paino Francesca
Published: March 2019

Epigenetic regulation has been considered an important mechanism for influencing stem cell differentiation. In particular, histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been shown to play a role in the osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, the effect of the HDAC inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), on bone formation in vivo by MSCs was determined. Surprisingly, VPA treatment, unlike other HDAC inhibitors, produced a well-organized lamellar bone tissue when MSCs–collagen sponge constructs were implanted subcutaneously into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice, although a decrease of osteocalcin (OC) expression was observed. Consequently, we decided to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which VPA exerts such effects on MSCs. We identified the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as being responsible for that downregulation, and suggested a correlation between GR and HDAC2 inhibition after VPA treatment, as evidenced by HDAC2 knockdown. Furthermore, using co-immunoprecipitation analysis, we showed for the first time in the cytoplasm, binding between GR and HDAC2. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays confirmed the role of GR in OC downregulation, showing recruitment of GR to the nGRE element in the OC promoter. In conclusion, our results highlight the existence of a cross-talk between GR and HDAC2, providing a mechanistic explanation for the influence of the HDAC inhibitor (namely VPA) on osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. Our findings open new directions in targeted therapies, and offer new insights into the regulation of MSC fate determination.
Activated Carbon, Carbon Nanofibers and Carbon-Covered Alumina as Support for W2C in Stearic Acid Hydrodeoxygenation
Authors: Souza Macedo Luana , Teixeira da Silva Victor , Bitter Johannes Hendrik
Published: March 2019

Carbon materials play a crucial role in sorbents and heterogeneous catalysis and are widely used as catalyst support for several reactions. This paper reports on an investigation of tungsten carbide (W2C) catalyst on three types of carbon support, namely activated carbon (AC), carbon nanofibers (CNF) and carbon-covered alumina (CCA). We evaluated their activity and selectivity in stearic acid hydrodeoxygenation at 350 °C and 30 bar H2. Although all three W2C catalysts displayed similar intrinsic catalytic activities, the support did influence product distribution. At low conversions (<5%), W2C/AC yielded the highest amount of oxygenates relative to W2C/CNF and W2C/CCA. This suggests that the conversion of oxygenates into hydrocarbons is more difficult over W2C/AC than over W2C/CNF and W2C/CCA, which we relate to the lower acidity and smaller pore size of W2C/AC. The support also had an influence on the C18-unsaturated/C18-saturated ratio. At conversions below 30%, W2C/CNF presented the highest C18-unsaturated/C18-saturated ratio in product distribution, which we attribute to the higher mesopore volume of CNF. However, at higher conversions (>50%), W2C/CCA presented the highest C18-unsaturated/C18-saturated ratio in product distribution, which appears to be linked to W2C/CCA having the highest ratio of acid/metallic sites.