bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment for nausea and vomiting in pregnant women
Authors: Muszyński Józef , Brzozowski Jakub , Dettlaff Katarzyna
Published: April 2024

Nudności i wymioty u kobiet w ciąży (NVP), kojarzone jako „poranne mdłości” są problemem, z którym boryka się około 70% ciężarnych. Dokładny mechanizm powstawania NVP nie został poznany, badania wskazują, iż istotny wpływ na te objawy ma czynnik wzrostu i różnicowania 15 (GDF 15) wydzielany przez łożysko. W celu opisu stanu chorobowego w NVP stosowane są różne skale i wskaźniki: indeks PUQE, wskaźnik Rhodesa, kwestionariusz nudności McGilla oraz skala wizualno-analogowa. W zależności od ciężkości przebiegu choroby terapia może obejmować sferę niefarmakologiczną i/lub farmakologiczną.
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiliśmy doniesienia na temat stosowanych metod leczenia NVP na świecie, preparaty lecznicze zarejestrowane na polskim rynku oraz aktualne zalecenia dotyczące bezpieczeństwa ich stosowania. Niefarmakologiczne zalecenia przy NVP obejmują zmianę diety, unikanie pikantnych potraw, suplementację preparatami zawierającymi kłącze imbiru czy akupresura. W leczeniu wymiotów stosowane są: pirydoksyna, leki przeciwhistaminowe, antagoniści receptorów dopaminowych D2, antagoniści receptorów serotoninowych 5-HT₃ oraz glikokortykosteroidy. Mimo szerokiej gamy leków przeciwwymiotnych, nadal poszukuje się skutecznych terapii NVP, leków mających niewiele działań niepożądanych, a przede wszystkim cechujących się odpowiednim bezpieczeństwem. Badania wieloośrodkowe na dużej populacji są szczególnie cenne w ocenie teratogenności, na ich podstawie wydawane są rekomendacje czy lek może być stosowany w ciąży, zwłaszcza w jej pierwszym trymestrze.
W grudniu 2021 pojawił się na polskim rynku preparat dwuskładnikowy, zawierający w swoim składzie pirydoksynę oraz doksylaminę. W latach osiemdziesiątych XX wieku lek ten został wycofany z rynku amerykańskiego, gdyż pojawiły się podejrzenia o jego szkodliwość, obecnie jest zalecany zarówno przez Amerykańską Agencję Żywności i Leków jak i Polskie Towarzystwo Ginekologów i Położników jako lek pierwszego rzutu w NVP. Jeśli kuracja tym preparatem jest nieskuteczna, w tym wskazaniu stosowane są także: prometazyna, a w ciężkich przypadkach metoklopramid i glikokortykosteroidy. U niektórych ciężarnych uporczywe wymioty prowadzą do odwodnienia i niedożywienia, wtedy należy wdrożyć dodatkowo płynoterapię i żywienie kliniczne.
Ketamine - precursor of a new generation antidepressant drugs
Authors: Zawilska Jolanta Barbara , Zwierzyńska Ewa
Published: April 2024

Zaburzenia depresyjne są jednymi z najczęściej występujących chorób psychicznych na świecie. Leczenie depresji stanowi ważny problem medyczny, a strategie farmakologiczne oparte na wyrównywaniu zaburzeń transmisji monoaminergicznych w mózgu wiążą się z opóźnionym w czasie efektem przeciwdepresyjnym. Ponadto, coraz większy odsetek pacjentów cierpi na depresję lekooporną, gdzie pomimo wdrożenia leczenia przeciwdepresyjnego nie dochodzi do remisji choroby. Wyniki badań z ostatnich lat wskazują, że za rozwój depresji mogą odpowiadać zaburzenia plastyczności neuronalnej, a przywrócenie prawidłowej neuroplastyczności może skutkować szybkim działaniem przeciwdepresyjnym. Ketamina jest pierwszym lekiem, który charakteryzuje się takim działaniem. Ten dożylny lek znieczulenia ogólnego jest niekompetycyjnym antagonistą receptorów glutaminianergicznych typu NMDA. Zablokowanie receptorów NMDA zlokalizowanych na hamujących interneuronach GABA-ergicznych prowadzi do uwalniania glutaminianu. W wyniku pobudzenia postsynaptycznych receptorów glutaminianergicznych typu AMPA dochodzi do aktywacji syntezy czynnika wzrostu pochodzenia mózgowego (BDNF). BDNF pobudzając receptory TrkB uruchamia kaskadę wewnątrzkomórkowych procesów biochemicznych, w wyniku których dochodzi do odbudowy synaps, a także zwiększenia liczby i poprawienia funkcjonowania połączeń synaptycznych. Niektóre badania wskazują, że ketamina może przywracać prawidłową plastyczność neuronalną również w wyniku poprawy równowagi pomiędzy wzbudzeniem i hamowaniem w mikroobwodach neuronalnych mózgu. Ponadto, lek blokując postsynaptyczne receptory w NMDA w hipokampie hamuje aktywność nadmiernie pobudzonej kinazy eEF2K, odblokowuje syntezę białek synaptycznych i przywraca plastyczność neuronalną. Szerokie zastosowanie ketaminy jako leku przeciwdepresyjnego oraz zmniejszającego myśli i zachowania samobójcze jest ograniczone ze względu na jej działania niepożądane, przede wszystkim zaburzenia psychozomimetyczne. Z tego względu prowadzono badania nad wykorzystaniem w leczeniu depresji enancjomerów ketaminy: (S+)-ketaminy (esketaminy) i (R-)-ketaminy (arketaminy), które potencjalnie miałyby korzystniejsze profile bezpieczeństwa. Obecnie esketamina (spray do nosa) jest zarejestrowana u dorosłych pacjentów w leczeniu lekoopornej depresji endogennej lub depresji endogennej z myślami lub zachowaniami samobójczymi. W terapii esketaminę stosuje się łącznie z doustnym lekiem przeciwdepresyjnym (SSRI lub SNRI). Odkrycie skuteczności przeciwdepresyjnej ketaminy zmieniło podejście do neurobiologicznych podstaw zaburzeń depresyjnych i zapoczątkowało nowy kierunek badań nad depresją. Należy jednakże pamiętać o tym, że w dużych dawkach ketamina wywiera poważne działania toksyczne, a także jest stosowana jako związek halucynogenny.
Glucocorticosteroids – a new target in the treatment of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Baumgart Szymon , Kupczyk Daria , Studzińska Renata
Published: April 2024

Glukokortykoidy są hormonami należącymi do grupy hormonów steroidowych wytwarzanych przez korę nadnerczy i są one niezbędne do prawidłowego utrzymania funkcji metabolicznych (w tym metabolizmu lipidów i węglowodanów) i homeostatycznych organizmu człowieka. Wydzielanie glikokortykoidów jest regulowane obwodowo przez oś podwgórze-przysadka-nadnercza (HPA) na zasadzie podwójnego sprzężenia zwrotnego, ale również na poziomie tkankowym przez dehydrogenazę 11β-hydroksysteroidową typu 1 (11β-HSD1) oraz typu 2 (11β-HSD2). Dehydrogenaza 11β-hydroksyteroidowa typu 1 jest enzymem, który katalizuje wewnątrzkomórkową przemianę nieaktywnego biologicznie kortyzonu w aktywny biologicznie kortyzol, natomiast dehydrogenaza 11β-hydroksyteroidowa typu 2 katalizuje reakcję odwrotną. Nadmiar glikokortykoidów powoduje zaburzenie gospodarki metabolicznej organizmu, a to prowadzi do rozwoju zaburzeń metabolicznych, takich jak otyłość brzuszna, insulionooporność, czy dyslipidemia. W ostatnich latach dowiedziono, że zaburzenia regulacji aktywności dehydrogenazy 11β-hydroksysteroidowej typu 1, zwłaszcza tej zlokalizowanej w trzewnej tkance tłuszczowej leży u podstaw patogenetycznych takich chorób, jak otyłość czy cukrzyca typu 2, które są powiązane i stanowią istotne składowe zespołu metabolicznego. Zatem hamowanie 11β-HSD1 stanowi obiecującą koncepcję terapii chorób związanych z zespołem metabolicznym. W związku z tym w ciągu ostatnich trzech dekad obserwuje znaczną aktywność w środowisku akademickim oraz farmaceutycznym w kierunku zgłębienia roli tego enzymu w patogenezie zespołu metabolicznego oraz odkrywania nowych związków chemicznych jako specyficznych inhibitorów 11β-HSD1.
Celem poniższej pracy było przedstawienie roli glukortykosteroidów i dehydrogenazy 11β-hydroksysteroidowej typu 1 w patogenezie zespołu metabolicznego oraz znaczenia zastosowania inhibitorów 11β-HSD1 w terapii tej jednostki chorobowej. Ponadto w pracy dokonano przeglądu najważniejszych inhibitorów 11β-HSD1 oraz związków obecnie badanych kierunku w inhibicji tego enzymu.
Incomplete Caudal Duplication With Correction of Pygomelia in a Dog
Authors:   Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Amanollahi Shiva , Hayati Farzad ,   Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Mirshahi Ali ,   Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Golmakani MohammadReza ,   Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: April 2024

Congenital malformations are structural defects that occur in all species during fetal development. Pygomelia is a type of polymelia in which the redundant legs are joined to the pelvis. This abnormality is observed in both human beings and animals. A mixed female (Shih Tzu) puppy with a rigid mass resembling two pelvic hindlimbs was referred to a pet clinic in Mashhad City, Iran. In radiographic assessments, two extra hindlimbs stemmed from malformed pelvic bones and were shorter than normal limbs. Both extra acetabula were detected on the hemipelvis, with two extra coxofemoral joints perpendicular to the regular hip joints in the caudal direction. Also, two vulvas and two anuses were seen, but only one vulva and anus were functional. The additional limbs were amputated by surgery. This case is the first report of a dog with incomplete caudal duplication and successful correction of pygomelia in Iran.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Molecular Epidemiology of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Sheep Raising in Khuzestan Province, Iran
Authors:   Department of Quality Control, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, (AREEO), Karaj, Iran., Heidari Razieh , Noaman Vahid ,   Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, (AREEO), Karaj, Iran., Jafari Hedieh ,   Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Ahvaz, Iran.
Published: April 2024

Background: Anaplasma sp. is a blood protozoon that causes economic damage to the livestock industry. Therefore, studying this disease’s epidemiology and distribution pattern in different regions is essential. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the variety of infections of the Anaplasma sp. in the sheep population of Khuzestan Province in Iran. Methods: A total of 200 sheep blood samples were randomly collected and examined using specific nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) based on the 16S rRNA gene. Results: The prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum was 17%, and infected sheep had no clinical signs. The effective risk factors in the spread of infection in Khuzestan Province include sheep aged 3-5 years, low sanitation, high-density farms, use of acaricides in the field, and hot season (P≤0.05). There was no significant association between the occurrence of A. phagocytophilum infection and variables of altitude, farm type, vectors, distance from other farms, and sex. Conclusion: Since the infection often has no clinical symptoms, identifying the risk factors and epidemiology is essential to develop control and prevention planning.
Vitamin E Can Down-regulate Some of Apoptotic Genes Involved in Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome in Broiler Chicken
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Zarei Hamed , Gilvari Behdad ,   Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran.
Published: April 2024

Background: Ascites or pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) is one of the significant problems in the poultry industry. Therefore, various studies have been conducted on its contributing factors. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of vitamin E in reducing the mRNA levels of caspase-1 (CASP1), caspase-2 (CASP2), and caspase-3 (CASP3) genes involved in the apoptosis pathway. Methods: Ninety fast-growing 1-day-old chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to three equal groups, including sham (basal diet), control (basal diet+1.5 mg/kg of triiodothyronine [T3]), and treatment group (basal diet+400 mg/kg of vitamin E+1.5 mg/kg of T3). To induce ascites, 1.5 mg/kg of T3 was added to basal diet from the seventh day to the end of the experiment. On the 21st and 49th days after rearing, 15 chicks from each group were randomly selected. The right ventricle/total ventricle weight ratio (RV/TV) and the expression levels of CASP1, CASP2, and CASP3 genes in the lung and right ventricle of all three groups of broiler chickens were measured and compared. Results: Although there was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of the RV/TV ratio on day 21 post-reared (P≥0.05), a significant decrease was detected in the vitamin E-receiving group compared to the control group with respect to the RV/TV ratio on day 49 post-reared (P<0.05). Also, vitamin E reduced the relative expression of CASP1, CASP2, and CASP3 at 49 days of age in the lung and heart tissues of broiler chickens with ascites (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems that vitamin E can reduce some apoptosis genes (CASP1, CASP2, and CASP3) associated with pulmonary hypertension in broilers.
Market Timing and Seasoned Equity Offering
Authors:   The Institute of Management and Economy Research, Seo Sung Won
Published: April 2024

Purpose - In this study, we propose an empirical model for predicting seasoned equity offering (SEO here after) using machine learning methods. Design/methodology/approach - The models utilize the random forest method based on decision trees that considers non-linear relationships, as well as the gradient boosting tree model. SEOs incur significant direct and indirect costs. Therefore, CEOs’ decisions of seasoned equity issuances are made only when the benefits outweigh the costs, which leads to a non-linear relationship between SEOs and a determinant of them. Particularly, a variable related to market timing effectively exhibit such non-linear relations. Findings - To account for these non-linear relationships, we hypothesize that decision tree-based random forest and gradient boosting tree models are more suitable than the linear methodologies due to the non-linear relations. The results of this study support this hypothesis. Research implications or Originality - We expect that our findings can provide meaningful information to investors and policy makers by classifying companies to undergo SEOs.
The Effects of Entrepreneurial Experience, Business Model Innovation and Financing on the Performance of New Ventures
Authors:   The Institute of Management and Economy Research, Lee Jongseon , Park Sangmoon
Published: April 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of entrepreneurial experience, business model innovation and financing on new venture performance. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzes survey data on new ventures in Korea and investigated research hypothesis by multiple regression analysis. Findings - Founders' prior startup experience have different impacts on performance depending on whether they had a successful or failed startup. Successful experience has a positive impact on early performance, while failure experience has a negative impact. Business model innovation shows a positive and significant relationship with early performance. External financing has different effects depending on the type of funding source and performance variables. VC funding is positively related to employment creation, while government R&D funding is negatively related to sales volume. Research implications or Originality - This study confirms that the impact of entrepreneurial experience on early performance varies depending on the characteristics of successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurs. It also empirically confirms that business model innovation has a significant impact on early performance. We empirically examine the relationship between various external financing sources of venture firms and early performance. Since the effects of entrepreneurial experience, business model innovation, and external financing on early stage performance may be different, entrepreneurs should consider these relationships when pursuing early stage business opportunities.
Improving the Gravity Model for Feasibility Studies in the Cultural and Tourism Sector
Authors:   The Institute of Management and Economy Research, Lee Hae-Jin
Published: April 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the gravity model commonly used for demand forecasting upon the implementation of new tourist facilities and analyze the main causation of forecasting errors to provide a suggestion on how to improve. Design/methodology/approach - This study first measured the errors in predicted values derived from past feasibility study reports by examining the cases of five national science museums. Next, to improve the predictive accuracy of the gravity model, the study identified the five most likely issues contributing to errors, applied modified values, and recalculated. The potential for improvement was then evaluated through a comparison of forecasting errors. Findings - First, among the five science museums with very similar characteristics, there was no clear indication of a decrease in the number of visitors to existing facilities due to the introduction of new facilities. Second, representing the attractiveness of tourist facilities using the facility size ratio can lead to significant prediction errors. Third, the impact of distance on demand can vary depending on the characteristics of the facility and the conditions of the area where the facility is located. Fourth, if the distance value is below 1, it is necessary to limit the range of that value to avoid having an excessively small value. Fifth, depending on the type of population data used, prediction results may vary, so it is necessary to use population data suitable for each latent market instead of simply using overall population data. Finally, if a clear trend is anticipated in a certain type of tourist behavior, incorporating this trend into the predicted values could help reduce prediction errors. Research implications or Originality - This study identified the key factors causing prediction errors by using national science museums as cases and proposed directions for improvement. Additionally, suggestions were made to apply the model more flexibly to enhance predictive accuracy. Since reducing prediction errors contributes to increased reliability of analytical results, the findings of this study are expected to contribute to policy decisions handled with more accurate information when running feasibility analyses.
Optimizing Cryptocurrency Portfolio Management through Innovative Tracker
Authors: Kumar Singh Akhil , Balu Shashi , Kaur Arshdeep , Shivani Bansal  , Aman
Published: April 2024

Cryptocurrency, or crypto, is a form of currency used for digitally secure transactions using cryptography. Cryptocurrency does not have any central regulatory authorities. It works on decentralized systems to record transactions and issue new units. Cryptocurrency is a digital payment system where transactions are verified and maintained by a decentralized system and do not need any authorization from the bank for digital entries. They are stored in digital wallets and a public ledger records the transactions Cryptocurrency is derived from the word encryption, the term used for verifying the transactions. The purpose of encryption is to provide a safe and secure way to transact payments or any other form of data. The transaction of the data takes place between the wallets and the public ledger. A Public ledger is a distributed system which is known as Blockchain, that is responsible for the records of the transactions and updating it. Computers generate cryptocurrency coins through complicated mathematical operations. The process in which these units of cryptocurrencies are called mining. The user of the coin just owns a key that allows the transaction of the records in the database. The most popular are bitcoin, ethereum, litecoin, ripple, namecoin, peercoin, etc.[3,4]
Improving Ukraine’s progress in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Serbenyuk S. O.
Published: April 2024

The research is devoted to the formulation of a simplified list of requirements for higher education institutions put forward by leading rating agencies for inclusion in international rankings of activities in the framework of sustainable development. Compliance with the relevant requirements for the activities and regulatory framework of higher education institutions creates conditions for increasing the number of Ukrainian institutions in international rankings, improving the position of existing higher education institutions, as well as for improving the image of our country in the international arena, attracting investment and increasing the efficiency of recovery (reconstruction), strengthening Ukraine as a state governed by the rule of law, protecting the environment, and developing the economy. In addition, a fragmentary historical overview of the modern content of the concept of “sustainable development” and the Ukrainian regulatory framework for the Sustainable Development Goals is presented.

Despite the great attention of the global and Ukrainian scientific community to the activities of higher education institutions in the context of sustainable development, many studies are general in nature, detailing such activities and their specifics in the context of one or more of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, or are fragmentary. Moreover, there is no clear, coherent, simplified list of the necessary requirements for the activities and regulatory framework of higher education institutions that would meet the criteria of good practice at various levels. The impact of sustainable development activities of universities on the growth of the state's image in the international arena and the attraction of additional allocations for economic reconstruction, as well as on strengthening the rule of law, requires more detailed research.

The recommendations for higher education institutions contribute to: restoration of ecology and prevention of environmental crimes and offences; creation of conditions for social security and a “safe society” environment, increase of employees’ motivation on the basis of fair remuneration, ensuring rights and freedoms; improvement and qualitative impact on the development of social relations as a result of cooperation of higher education institutions with authorities (local, regional, national), local residents, business, volunteers, as well as international enterprises; attracting investment, including foreign investment, based on quality management, fair cooperation, environmental culture, compliance with the law, including international law; sustainable development of communities and economic relations based on the previous points; strengthening the institution of the Ombudsman, improving the international image of Ukraine in terms of respect for rights and freedoms, business opportunities, including investment.
Problematic issues of the legal regulation of local self-government officials’ remuneration
Authors: Govorov V. S.
Published: April 2024

The article draws attention to the fact that the current legislation on local self-government and service in local self-government bodies contains a number of problematic issues in terms of regulation of remuneration of officials. It is emphasized that this significantly reduces the effectiveness and reliability of material and financial guarantees for persons performing the tasks and functions of local self-government in positions in its bodies. Due to the low level of regulatory and legal control, the institution of salary does not fully perform the functions it is supposed to perform.

The article examines the essential content and role of wages in a modern democratic, legal state, which in its functioning and development relies on the tools and levers of the market economy, as well as civil society institutions. The author presents scientific positions on the content of the concept and functional purpose of wages, as well as its characteristic properties as a legal category. The author analyses the opinions and proposals for eliminating the shortcomings of the organisational and legal framework for material and financial remuneration of public servants of local self-government bodies.

It is emphasised that Ukraine has the Law “On Service in Local Self-Government Bodies”, which is intended to change the approaches to the regulation of remuneration of municipal officials significantly, but it has not entered into force and may remain in this state for a long time. In addition, it should be noted that this legal act also has certain gaps in terms of regulating the remuneration of the public servants under study.

Taking into account the positions of researchers, as well as the upcoming update of the legislation on service in local self-government bodies, some steps are proposed to improve and develop remuneration of local self-government officials. The author emphasises the need to revise the scheme of official salaries and improve approaches to bonuses for local self-government officials. Emphasis is placed on the importance of improving the effectiveness of mechanisms and tools for stimulating and encouraging the work and service activities of municipal officials.
Methods of forensic examination of Nalbuphine
Authors: Besedina I. О.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the peculiarities of forensic examination of nalbuphine hydrochloride, a prescription medicine that can be purchased without a prescription in many pharmacies. At present, in Ukraine, nalbuphine is not subject to subject-quantitative accounting in healthcare facilities and by pharmaceutical manufacturers, but in some countries it is included in the list of narcotic drugs. It is emphasised that nalbuphine hydrochloride is a synthetic opioid analgesic, which is chemically similar to morphine and phenanthrene. In terms of pharmacological action, it belongs to the group of opioid receptor agonists-antagonists (pentazocine, buprenorphine, butorphanol).

The article provides a brief overview of the effectiveness of nalbuphine for pain relief in various cases, as well as examples of abuse of opioids in combination preparations and facts of non-medical use of nalbuphine. The effectiveness of opioids as painkillers is undeniable, but today, given the risk/benefit ratio, the expediency of their long-term use is questionable. There are more and more recommendations to avoid the use of opioids. Nalbuphine in combination with other psychotropic substances, medicines and in large doses is life-threatening, so it is proposed to further study and control it more deeply at the state level by amending the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On Approval of the List of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors” of 6 May 2000 No. 770, in particular, to classify nalbuphine as a narcotic drug.

The article analyses the peculiarities of sampling and sample preparation, the main stages of chemical research of this potentially dangerous opioid using thin-layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography with a mass-selective detector. It is emphasised that the experimental data presented in the article will help in choosing the most appropriate methods and conditions for the study of nalbuphine, and will allow an objective assessment of the results of expert research.
Forensic classification of narcotic drugs
Authors: Stepaniuk R. L. , Lozova S. M.
Published: April 2024

The development of means and methods for preventing and combating drug-related crime depends on an understanding of trends in the illicit drug market. This requires the use of a forensic classification of the relevant substances. Currently, there are significant gaps in this issue due to the use of different approaches to its construction, which causes difficulties in conducting scientific research and in practical activities aimed at solving and investigating criminal offences.

The article proposes the author’s own approach to the forensic classification of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, which consists in their division depending on the legal status, source of origin and method of manufacture, nature of their effect on the human body, form of manufacture and morphological characteristics. According to their legal status, drugs should be divided into those whose circulation is prohibited; those whose circulation is restricted; temporarily not prohibited especially dangerous drugs; and precursors. They are identified by their official and chemical names. Depending on the source of origin, vegetable and synthetic drugs are distinguished, and taking into account the method of manufacture as an additional criterion, substances of vegetable origin should be divided into natural and semi-synthetic. In these groups, it is important to use generic names that describe the source of the drug, systematising natural and semi-synthetic drugs depending on the natural source of the main substance (alkaloid), and synthetic drugs – on the corresponding chemical compound.

The classification of drugs by other criteria is somewhat arbitrary, as certain substances may have different properties. Therefore, for forensic purposes, the most common features in the respective groups are sufficient. Psychostimulants, narcotic analgesics, depressants and hallucinogens are distinguished by the nature of their effects on the body; pharmaceutical drugs with narcotic effects and street drugs are distinguished by the form of manufacture; plants, mushrooms, pills, capsules, powders and crystals, liquids, etc. are distinguished by morphological characteristics; and drugs intended for smoking, inhalation, oral administration, injection are distinguished by the method of use.
Creating a model of threats to Ukraine’s national critical infrastructure as a basis for ensuring its security and resilience
Authors: Melnyk D. S.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the current problems of protecting Ukraine’s critical infrastructure, current threats to its security and the need to organise proper counteraction under martial law. Threats to critical infrastructure include factors that can actually or potentially harm the stability of its operation, functionality, integrity, resilience or lead to its destruction.

The purpose of the article is to create an up-to-date threat model that formalises the likely impacts on Ukraine’s critical infrastructure, which will improve the effectiveness of its protection. The scientific novelty of the article is that it examines the actual needs and problematic issues of forming a modern model of threats to critical infrastructure, primarily in the context of the ongoing full-scale military aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine.

Creating a threat model is defined for critical infrastructure as a necessity to ensure effective protection of its facilities. The formation of a basic threat model for critical infrastructure facilities, which should include related models of the facility, situation and intruder, is currently an important element of the algorithm for solving this problem.

The basic model of threats to critical infrastructure is the framework on which the state determines who and what it needs to protect itself from at the national level. However, Ukrainian legislation currently does not provide for the need to develop a model of threats to the national critical infrastructure, which negatively affects the state of its security and resilience.

The perspective measures that will contribute to both the stable functioning of critical infrastructure facilities and ensure their proper protection are outlined: enshrining in Ukrainian legislation the need to develop a model of threats to critical infrastructure, adopting regulations on standardisation of risk management processes for critical infrastructure in order to prevent threats, and more.
Current issues of normative regulation of combating illegal arms trafficking in Ukraine
Authors: Buhaichuk K. L.
Published: April 2024

The publication outlines the current state of the criminogenic situation in the field of illicit trafficking in firearms, ammunition and explosives. The content of legislative initiatives to expand the scope of criminal law prohibition by establishing liability for theft, misappropriation, extortion, carrying, storage, acquisition, transfer or sale of firearms components, as well as to increase liability for illegal acquisition, transfer or sale of firearms, ammunition, explosives or explosive devices in martial law or a state of emergency is analysed. Proposals have been developed to improve regulations on the circulation of firearms, ammunition and explosives.

In particular, it is stated that the current criminal legislation and normative legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine need significant improvement in terms of: 1) defining the concept of “component part of a firearm” or “constructive part of a firearm” and establishing responsibility for their illegal circulation; 2) bringing to a unified interpretation and understanding of the terms “explosive devices”, “explosive substances”, “explosive materials”, delineating the normative grounds for their application and demarcation; 3) development of a unified approach to subject classification and understanding of the legal regime of hand grenades, mines, ammunition for grenade launchers; 4) establishment of the legal regime of trophy weapons, which is relevant in the conditions of martial law and the conduct of hostilities on the territory of our state; 5) determination of the following qualifying signs of committing criminal offenses in the field of illegal arms trafficking: committing a crime under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law, committing a crime by an organized criminal group, etc.
Application of the reconnaissance technique using camouflage and statutory uniforms in the operation of a UAV
Authors: Tsyrkulienko A. М. , Les O. О. , Mushka V. V.
Published: April 2024

The article considers the problematic issues caused by the current circumstances, when the country is in a special legal regime of martial law and the importance and relevance of using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for reconnaissance of objects by the police on the ground are extremely high. The article analyses the effectiveness of different types of camouflage in countering reconnaissance using UAVs in different terrain; the optimal camera angle and the optimal flight altitude of UAVs for effective counteraction to the camouflage properties of the respective camouflage in different terrain are determined. Not only military camouflage, but also police uniforms are considered, which expands the scope of UAVs and makes the study more comprehensive. The study of the reconnaissance methodology using UAVs will allow the police to adapt quickly and effectively to new circumstances, as well as help optimise the performance of their combat missions. The effectiveness of the methodology of object reconnaissance on the ground in real scenarios is evaluated. Recommendations for improving the conduct of such operations as monitoring of mass disorders, rapid response to hazards, factors, etc. are provided. In developing the methodology for determining the optimal distance, the psychophysiological aspects of UAV operators are taken into account for the first time and the determination of optimal distances for effective detection and identification of objects is proposed.
ФРУСТАЦІЙНА ТОЛЕРАНТНІСТЬ
Authors: НОВАК Андрій
Published: April 2024

У статті представлені результати дослідження, що розкриває важливі аспекти фрустраційної толерантності та її вплив на психічне благополуччя та соціальну адаптацію. Мета дослідження – теоретично обґрунтувати та емпірично довести ефективність засобів позитивної психотерапії як способу формування фрустраційної толерантності у сучасної молоді. Дослідження висвітлює різноманітні аспекти цього концепту, зокрема його роль у професійній діяльності, міжособистісних відносинах та загальному стані суспільства. Аналіз фрустраційної толерантності в професійній сфері розкриває, як особистість може адаптуватися до викликів та стресів у робочому оточенні. Високий рівень цієї толерантності може бути ключовим для подолання труднощів та досягнення кар’єрних цілей. Дослідження взаємозв’язку фрустраційної толерантності та міжособистісних відносин розкриває важливі моменти для розуміння та покращення соціального взаємодії. Невідповідність очікувань та потреб може викликати фрустрацію, але особистості з розвиненою толерантністю можуть виявити вміння побудови конструктивних міжособистісних відносин. Робота розглядає вплив фрустраційної толерантності на психічне здоров’я та фізичний стан. Довготривала фрустрація може призводити до зниження імунітету та ризику розвитку психічних порушень. Отже, дана стаття спрямована на розширення нашого розуміння фрустраційної толерантності та виявлення її ролі в сучасному суспільстві. Отримані результати можуть служити основою для розробки ефективних стратегій підвищення фрустраційної толерантності та покращення якості життя індивідів. Методологія даного дослідження включає в себе комплекс підходів та методів, спрямованих на ретельний аналіз та вивчення фрустраційної толерантності. Проведено аналіз наукової літератури з психології, соціології та інших відповідних галузей для уточнення поняття фрустраційної толерантності та вивчення попередніх досліджень у цьому напрямку. Наукова новизна цього дослідження полягає у розширенні розуміння феномену фрустраційної толерантності та його впливу на різні аспекти людського життя, особливо в сучасних умовах швидких змін в соціумі.
РОЗВИТОК ЕМОЦІЙНОЇ СТІЙКОСТІ ОСОБИСТОСТІ ДЛЯ ПОДОЛАННЯ НАСЛІДКІВ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ТРАВМИ
Authors: РОДЧЕНКО Лариса , ДРУЗЬ Олег , РУДЕНКО Лілія , СЕМЕНЕЦЬ-ОРЛОВА Інна , ВЕЛЬГАН Олександр
Published: April 2024

Участь у бойових діях породжує цілу низку психологічних травм та розладів у військовослужбовців. Посттравматичний стресовий розлад набуває загрозливих масштабів серед учасників бойових дій в Україні. Тому питання ефективної психологічної реабілітації та допомоги військовим є надзвичайно актуальним. Стаття присвячена пошуку оптимальних шляхів подолання наслідків військової психотравми. Проаналізовано концепцію емоційної стійкості та її складових. Обґрунтовано, що емоційний інтелект виступає важливим чинником запобігання та подолання наслідків бойової психологічної травми у військових. Розвиненість емоційного інтелекту забезпечує військовим низку важливих якостей: здатність приймати зважені рішення, вміння надихати та очолювати команду, адаптуватися до ситуації та розв'язувати конфлікти. Емоційний інтелект відіграє вирішальну роль для професійної надійності, стійкості та боєздатності військовослужбовців в екстремальних умовах. Це слід враховувати при підготовці військових кадрів. Констатовано, що емоційний інтелект варто більш детально вивчити та інтегрувати у систему підготовки військових на всіх етапах – від набору до завершення служби, та дозволить покращити їх психологічну стійкість та професійну ефективність. Зазначено, що упровадження спецільних тренінгових програм з метою цілеспрямованого розвитку навичок емоційного інтелекту у військовослужбовців дозволить краще розпізнавати та регулювати власні емоційні стани, а також емоції оточення, та сприятиме обранню оптимальної моделі поведінки залежно від конкретної бойової ситуації.
The Potential of EU Connectivity through Missions and Smart Specialization
Authors: Šime Zane
Published: April 2024

Mission-oriented innovation and smart specialisation are internationally familiar concepts. They hold the potential to add more profundity to the EU thinking and modelling of its connectivity approach towards Asia and the world in general. The existing policy, governance frameworks and implementation instruments of smart specialisation and innovation could provide connectivity with evidence-informed lessons learnt and research findings from various parts of the world. Both frameworks for innovation and research could steer the EU connectivity approach away from controversies tied to the weaponised interdependence and strategic autonomy, including the bundle of concepts that come along with this vulnerabilities-oriented intellectual current. Research-intensity and mutual learning are elements that the mission-oriented innovation and smart specialisation could bring to the overall spectrum of thematic dimensions and implementation measures of the EU approach towards sustainably and trustfully connecting to Asia and other parts of the world.
Brexit, Englixit? Disintegration and How Taking Back Control Means Giving Up Control
Authors: O´Dubhghaill Sean , Van Kerckhoven Sven
Published: April 2024

This contribution seeks to explore what disintegration can mean for a language, with a focus on Brexit and the English language. Linguistic differences are often instrumentalized as drivers of disintegration. However, in the case of Brexit, disintegration will also affect the status of the English language. Due to the decision of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union, English will no longer be a first official language of any European member state; it is only the second official language in Ireland and Malta. This has important political and legal repercussions, that affect the future of the English language in the EU after Brexit. Based on desk research, we see two avenues for the future of the English language within the EU: it could be replaced by another major European language (German/ French), or could become a real European lingua franca. The latter option seems most reasonable as the English language has taken a firm foothold among young (and older) Europeans but entails that by taking back control of its decision-making processes by leaving the EU, the UK will lose the little control over the English language it currently still has. This tendency was already taking place both internationally as within the EU but will greatly accelerate after Brexit.
Los derechos humanos y sus problemas de fundamentación metafísica
Authors: Paredes Chura Juan Justino
Published: April 2024

En el presente artículo se analizará el pensamiento del profesor Robert Alexy, relacionado a la fundamentación metafísica de los derechos humanos. Alexy desarrolla la tesis central de que la validez de los derechos humanos se sustenta en su existencia misma como norma moral, por lo que de manera descriptiva iniciaremos con la caracterización de los derechos humanos, al menos desde sus principales particularidades, hasta la fundamentación dual metafísica que nos propone el profesor de Kiel. Luego, se hará mención a las objeciones que se presentan a este sustento, y el análisis de las objeciones realizadas se contrastará con la presentación del esquema del sistema de normas propuesto por Hans Kelsen. En este sentido, el debate se centrará en torno a la propuesta de la fundamentación metafísica de los derechos humanos dentro del sistema de normas morales guiadas por el principio estático de normas, que incluiría sus elementos de validez y exigibilidad en el campo de su creación y funcionamiento.Finalmente, el presente trabajo concluye que la fundamentación metafísica de los derechos humanos, por sus contradicciones e implicaciones, no alcanza a los sistemas jurídicos guiados por el principio dinámico de normas, sino que es aplicable y exigibleen los sistemas de normas morales.
KESESUAIAN PEMANFAATAN PERAIRAN UNTUK KEGIATAN BUDIDAYA LOBSTER SISTEM KERAMBA JARING APUNG DI TELUK JOR LOMBOK TIMUR NTB
Authors: Lalu Jeffri Azani Lesmana , Widigdo Bambang , Krisanti Majariana , Adrianto Luky
Published: April 2024

Teluk Jor saat ini banyak dimanfaatkan untuk budidaya sistem Keramba Jaring Apung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat kesesuaian lahan untuk budidaya lobster sisem Keramba Jaring Apung di perairan Teluk Jor Luar. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada wilayah perairan Teluk Jor Luar, Desa Jerowaru, Kabupaten Lombok Timur, yang meliputi 6 area penelitan yang dibagi berdasarkan dusun dan pembagian wilayah kerja Lembaga Pemangku awig-awig Teluk Jor. Data-data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas data primer dan sekunder. Data primer meliputi data bio-fisik-kimia kawasan perairan Teluk Jor Luar. Penentuan kesesuaian lahan perairan Teluk Jor untuk lahan pengembangan pembesaran lobster sistem keramba jaring apung dilakukan dengan metode pembobotan yang dimodifikasi dan dibagi menjadi 3 kategori dengan 3 klasifikasi sesuai (S1), cukup sesuai (S2) dan tidak sesuai (S3). Penyusunan peta kesesuaian diolah menggunakan tools ArcGIS 10.4. Kesesuaian lahan perairan Teluk Jor Luar budidaya lobster sistem Keramba Jaring Apung termasuk ke dalam kategori sesuai (S1) seluas 230.03 ha atau (31%), kelas cukup sesuai (S2) seluas 94.44 ha (13 %), dan kategori tidak sesuai (S3) seluas 424.94 ha (58 %). Luasan area Teluk Jor Luar yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai lokasi sistem keramba jaring apung adalah 324.47 ha atau (44 %) dari luas total Teluk Jor Luar
The Impact of Floating Craft Cultivation on the Ecosystem of Lake Toba
Authors: HUTAJULU CRISTINE PRATIDINE , Harahap Rahma Hayati
Published: April 2024

ABSTRAK

 

Danau Toba merupakan salah satu danau terbesar di Indonesia. Danau Toba merupakan danau tektovulkanik terbesar yang memiliki beragam jenis ikan, seperti ikan mujahir, ikan nila, ikan mas dan lain-lain. Dengan banyaknya keanekaragaman jenis ikan tersebut, membuat masyarakat sekitar Danau Toba berlomba-lomba untuk mendirikan KJA sebagai sumber pencaharian mereka. Seringkali adanya KJA tersebut berdampak pada rusaknya ekosistem di sekitar kawasan Danau Toba seperti pencemaran air yang mengakibatkan akses air bersih ke setiap rumah menjadi terhambat akibat dari adanya pembuangan limbah yang dibuang ke danau. Selain itu, sifat tamak dari masyarakat yang membangun keramba jaring apung tersebut membuat banyak ikan yang mati. Berbagai strategi telah dilakukan untuk meminimalisir dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan dari adanya keramba jaring apung ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah maupun komunitas terdampak dalam upaya meminimalisir akibat dari keramba jaring apung tersebut menggunakan teori Behaviorisme. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan berbagai jurnal dengan judul topik terkait.
Kata Kunci : Dampak, Danau Toba Ekosistem, Keramba Jaring Apung,
ABSTRACT
Lake Toba is one of the largest lakes in Indonesia. Lake Toba is the largest tectovolcanic lake that has various types of fish, such as mujahir fish, tilapia, goldfish and others. With the large diversity of fish species, people around Lake Toba are competing to establish marine cages as their source of livelihood. Often the existence of these marine cages has an impact on the destruction of the ecosystem around the Lake Toba area, such as water pollution which causes access to clean water to every house to be hampered due to the disposal of waste that is dumped into the lake. In addition, the greedy nature of the people who built the floating net cages caused many fish to die. Various strategies have been carried out to minimize the negative impacts caused by the existence of these floating net cages. This study aims to analyze the strategies carried out by the local government and affected communities in an effort to minimize the consequences of the floating net cages using Behaviorism theory. The method used in this research is literature study by collecting various journals with related topic titles.
 Keywords: Impact, Lake Toba, Ecosystem, Floating Cage Net