bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison Between the Traditional and Novel Isometric Mid-Thigh Methods and The Relationship to Countermovement Jump Performance
Authors: Magal Meir , Amitay Matan , Hoffman Jay R.
Published: February 2025

The isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) test using the traditional bar grip (BAR) is a reliable and effective measure of strength performance in different populations. In addition, IMTP performance has been linked to jump performance. Recent research has shown that the pelvic belt (PEL) IMTP method produces higher absolute and relative peak force values than the Bar IMTP method. However, limited scientific data has examined the PEL IMTP method performance data and its relationship to dynamic strength and sports performance. The study aimed to provide a more robust comparison between the BAR and PEL IMTP methods and examine the relationship between these methods and several countermovement jump (CMJ) performance variables. Thirty healthy National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III athletes volunteered for this study. Each participant was asked to attend and complete four separate lab sessions utilizing a bilateral force platform. The results of this study demonstrated that peak force and relative peak force were significantly (p < .05) greater during the PEL IMTP method than during the BAR IMTP method. Further, force development increased similarly in both the BAR and PEL IMTP methods, although there were no differences between the methods (p>.05). Lastly, Pearson's product-moment correlations demonstrated a medium and significant (p < .05) relationship between CMJ and PEL IMTP variables. In conclusion, the PEL IMTP can measure lower body force performance capabilities. Further, PEL IMTP variables can be used to predict jump performance and, therefore, may be used for assessment and training purposes.
İslâm Felsefesi̇ Araştirmaları - 1
Authors: Dugan Mehmet , Çiftçi Fatma , Çelebi Fırat , Koç Fahrettin , Avcı Şefika , Çınar Feyza Nur
Published: February 2025

Studies in Islamic Philosophy-1rnThe first book of the Studies in Islamic Philosophy series, which was launched to be a new source for studies covering all fields of Islamic philosophy, is titled Studies in Islamic Philosophy- 1 and consists of 6 articles, each of which discusses different topics in the field. The first article in the chronological order is titled “al-Khuwārizmī’s Views on the Sciences of Logic and Mathematics” by Dr. Mehmet Dugan. The author evaluates al-Khuwārizmī’s views on the sciences of mathematics and logic based on his work entitled Mefātīhu al-Ulūm. The title of the second article written by Fatma Çiftçi is “The Philosophical Novel Tradition in Islamic Thought: The Example of the Story of Salāmān and Absāl”. The author analyses Ibn Sīnā’s treatise Salāmān and Absāl, the pioneer of the philosophical-symbolic novel tradition in Islamic thought. First, the authorship of Ibn Sīnā’s treatise is discussed, and then the claims about the origin of this story are analyzed. In the third article, Dr. Fırat Çelebi, in his article titled “Reflections of Galenian Thought in Ibn Gabirol’s Islâh al-akhlâq”, analyses the famous work of the Jewish philosopher Ibn Gebirol titled Islâh al-akhlâq and discusses the extent of the influence of Galenian ideas in this work. The fourth article is Fahrettin Koç’s study titled “Love in the Thought of Sadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī”. The author evaluates the idea of love in the thought of Sadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī, one of the most important representatives of the school of Irfan pioneered by Ibn ‘Arabī. Then, the essence of God’s love towards creatures is evaluated. The fifth article written by Şefika Avcı is titled “Şehbenderzâde Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi’s Understanding of the Soul”. After briefly discussing his life, the author evaluates his views on spirit-soul and related issues based on his work İlm-i Ahvâl-i Rûh. The sixth article of the book is Feyza Nur Çınar’s study titled “The Unity of Truth in terms of Religion- Philosophy Relationship in Fazlur Rahman”. In this article, Çınar emphasizes the thesis of the unity of truth when dealing with the relationship between philosophy and religion in Fazlur Rahman and draws attention to how the thinker evaluates this issue.rnKeywords: al-Khuwārizmī, Mafātīḥ al-ʿUlūm, Logic, Mathematics, Classification of Sciences, Salāmān and Absāl, Philosophical Novels, Allegory, Avicenna, Hunayn ibn Ishaq, Avicebron, Islâh al-akhlâq, Galen, Ethics, The Four Humours, Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi, Love, Mercy, Providence, Divine Love, Ahmed Hilmi of Filibe, Psychology, Physiology, Psyche, Intelligence, Fazlur Rahman, Religion, Philosophy, Unity of Truth, Knowledge, Revelation, Reason.
Federal Theatre Project (1935-1939) : contexte & enjeux / context & issues
Authors: Jouve Émeline , Prévot Géraldine
Published: February 2025

Le Federal Theatre Project (FTP) constitue une aventure singulière dans l’histoire du théâtre américain, inédite à l’époque et jamais réitérée sous cette forme. Dirigé pendant ses quatre années d’existence, de 1935 à 1939, par l’autrice, dramaturge et metteure en scène Hallie Flanagan, il s’inscrit dans l’ensemble des mesures mises en place par l’administration Roosevelt dans le cadre du programme du New Deal, au sein de la Work Progress Administration (WPA) dirigée par Harry Hopkins. Federal Theatre Project (1935-1939) : contexte et enjeux constitue la première étude française d’envergure sur cette période essentielle de l’histoire du théâtre américain. En mêlant approches transversales et études de cas, ce volume rassemblant les contributions de chercheuses, chercheurs et artistes se propose de mettre en lumière les angles morts et les figures oubliées de cette période de l’histoire théâtrale américaine, faisant le pari que ces oublis eux-mêmes racontent quelque chose de l’historiographie de cette période et, en retour, des regards contemporains que nous pouvons porter sur elle. L’ouvrage s’inscrit dans une perspective résolument transdisciplinaire, à l’image de ce que fut le FTP, en proposant des articles sur le théâtre à proprement parler mais aussi la musique et le cinéma.
Unraveling the Underlying Mechanism between Participative Leadership and Job Satisfaction in Academia
Authors: Hussain Zawar , Iqbal Muhammad , Chiragh Fiza
Published: February 2025

Job satisfaction among higher education faculty members is crucial for institutional success, as it fosters student achievement and research innovation, ultimately enhancing overall organizational performance. Among various leadership styles, participative leadership plays a critical role in fostering employees’ job satisfaction. Accordingly, this study examines the direct and indirect effects of participative leadership on the job satisfaction of higher education faculty members in Pakistan. Additionally, it explores the mediating roles of work engagement and psychological ownership in this relationship. A total of 259 higher education faculty members participated in this study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-reported questionnaire. The findings indicate a significant positive relationship between participative leadership and job satisfaction. Furthermore, work engagement and psychological ownership partially mediated this relationship. Theoretically, this study expands the literature on participative leadership and job satisfaction by highlighting the role of employee involvement in decision-making. By fostering a sense of ownership and meaningfulness, participative leadership enhances faculty job satisfaction. Practically, the findings offer valuable insights for academic leadership, emphasizing the importance of participative leadership in promoting faculty psychological well-being and job satisfaction. Future research should explore this relationship across different institutional and cultural contexts to enhance generalizability.
Power of Assurance: External Audit Quality and Its Influence on Corporate Financial Performance
Authors: Jamal (PhD) Ahmed Hassan , Ali Kashif
Published: February 2025

This paper probes the impact of external audit quality on firm performance. External audits function as a critical tool to improve stakeholder confidence and mitigate financial irregularities. This study utilizes a dataset comprising 37 companies for the years 2021 to 2023 across various industries extracted from their financial statements.  This research employs quantitative methodologies including correlation and regression analysis to assess the impact of audit quality on firm performance. The results indicate a positive effect that suggests that better quality external audit can improve profitability indicating that companies audited by reputable and independent firms exhibit stronger financial performance. These results highlight the critical role of rigorous external audits in improving financial health providing valuable insights for stakeholders including regulators, and corporate management. Companies can strengthen their policies when appointing the external auditor. On the other hand, regulators can make policies that can best serve the need of the shareholders. This research adds to the present literature by offering an insight on the intersection of external audit practices and profitability with implications for developing regulatory frameworks.
In vitro and in vivo anticancer agents immunotherapy
Authors: Halder Surabhi , Kumar Rajesh
Published: February 2025

Immuno-oncology has revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients. Sir William Coley, known as the father of immunotherapy, was the first to explore the potential of the immune system in treating cancer. His pioneering work was the first to show that tumors could be recognized and attacked by the immune system. Coley developed a bacterial mixture, combining Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens, hoping to induce sepsis and trigger a strong immune and anti-tumor response. This marked the earliest documented attempt at an anti-cancer treatment. He believed that by stimulating the immune system, tumors could be fought and reduced. His approach followed a logical progression: he researched existing treatments, created a new therapy using bacterial toxins, tested it on his patients, and published his results in Annals of Surgery in 1891. However, the underlying mechanism of this treatment remained unclear. Due to this, the medical community shifted towards surgical and radiotherapy options in the early 20th century.
Mathematical modeling in life sciences: Predicting the unpredictable
Authors: Shankar P Bhavani , N Livingstone  , Latha J Naveena Lavanya
Published: February 2025

Mathematical modeling has revolutionized life sciences by enabling predictions and simulations of complex biological systems. Models provide insights into the behavior of dynamic systems ranging from cellular processes to ecosystem dynamics. This chapter explores the foundations, methodologies, and applications of mathematical modeling in life sciences. We will discuss its utility in areas such as epidemiology, systems biology, and ecology, examine the challenges faced by researchers, and highlight future opportunities to enhance its role in scientific discovery and innovation.
Technology and Quality in Industrial Pharmacy: Theory and Practice in Pharmaceutical Sciences
Authors: S. Joshi (ed) Varda , S. Mali (ed) Sachin , A. Bhagwat (ed) Durgacharan , V. Chavan (ed) Pavan
Published: February 2025

The pharmaceutical industry plays a crucial role in advancing healthcare, providing life-saving medicines, and ensuring their safety and efficacy. This book is very carefully crafted to empower students and professionals with the fundamental and advanced knowledge required for thriving careers in pharmaceutical manufacturing, quality assurance, and regulatory affairs. It bridges the gap between theoretical concepts and practical applications, providing a comprehensive understanding of essential practices such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), process validation, and the innovative approach of Quality by Design (QbD).
Human health risks from the consumption of Cantareus aspersus and Solanum lycopersicum L. containing residues of glyphosate and trace metals
Authors: Béa Gouanda Thibaut , Ouffoué Koffi Sébastien , Yapo Ossey Bernard , Ouattara Lassiné
Published: February 2025

To combat predatory species and weeds, the use of glyphosate-based herbicides is necessary. However, the chemical composition and biocidal properties of these substances negatively impact environmental quality and food safety. This study focuses on glyphosate and its metabolites as well as trace metal elements for their persistence and influence on living organisms. The general objective of this study is to determine the residues of glyphosate and its metabolites and trace metal elements present in soils, Solanum lycopersicum L. and Cantareus aspersus. The analysis is carried out in the samples using chromatographic and spectrometric methods. Aminomethylphosphonic acid is detected in the commercial sample of glyphosate (14×102 ± 10 mg/L). Glyphosate is present at concentrations of 0.92±0.01 mg/kg DW (fruits) and 0.18 ± 0.01 mg/kg DW (cephalopods), higher than the standards. For trace metal elements, the highest concentrations are: 40.0 ± 0.3 mg/kg DW (Cr), 140 ± 2 mg/kg DW (Zn) and 0.9 ± 0.2 mg/kg DW (Cd) in soils; 7.10 ± 0.01 mg/kg DW (As) and 56 ± 3 mg/kg DW (Cu) in snails; 8.7 ± 0.5 mg/kg DW (Cr), 6.9 ± 0.6 mg/kg DW (Ni) and 85 ± 2 mg/kg DW (Zn) in tomato fruits. The health risk associated with the consumption of these foods by the population is alarming. This study deserves to be extended to all foods consumed.
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Core@Shell Nanoparticles of Gold and Moringa Oleifera Leaves via Laser Ablation Technique
Authors: Hassan Ahmed M. , A. Muhmood Asmahan
Published: February 2025

In this paper, gold and Moringa oleifera leaf nanoparticles were synthesized using laser ablation techniques by Nd-YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, energy of 100 mJ, and a frequency of 3 Hz. The gold plate and Moringa oleifera leaf tablets (after grinding it then being compressed and exposed to heat) were immersed in 5 ml of distilled water for each one individually to synthesize nanoparticles as a first step. The second step was a synthesis of core@shell from gold and Moringa nanoparticles with different pulse numbers (250,500, and 750) pulse where gold was used as the core and Moringa as the shell and vice versa. The prepared samples were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Z-Scan technique with a closed aperture system was used to study the nonlinear optical properties of the prepared samples. The results show the success of the techniques used where the particle size was between (15–50) nm. The nonlinear properties of the prepared samples showed that they have a negative nonlinear refractive index, that is, the nonlinear transmittance curve begins with a peak and is followed by a trough.
Influence of Employee Benefits Strategy on Employee’s Performance in Public Hospitals in Nairobi County
Authors: Mutuiri Catherine Kagendo , Gichunge Evangeline , Nzioki Susan
Published: February 2025

In a globalized economy and in an intensely competitive business environment, organizations should strive to put in place the most attractive and effective strategies to cope with the evolving trends. The purpose of employee benefits strategy in any organization is to attract, retain and enhance employee performance, which determines the overall organizational performance. This research intended to determine the influence of employee benefit strategy on employee performance in public Hospitals in Nairobi County. The study adopted equity theory. The study applied Cross Sectional research design. A target population of 1601 was drawn from three public hospitals in Nairobi County, and a sample size of 310 was determined using Fishers formula. Stratified simple random sampling was used to select the participants. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. A preliminary study was carried out to ascertain the consistency      of the instrument. The reliability test revealed Cronbach’s Alpha was more than 0.7 indicating that the instrument was reliable. Data was carefully validated by ensuing content validity of the instrument. Filled questionnaires were collected from the research assistants and data was analysed using a statistics tool of statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). Correlation and regression analysis was applied in testing the connection between independent and dependent variable. The correlation summary revealed there was affirmative and strong significant connection between employee benefits strategy and employee performance. The study concluded that employee benefits strategy greatly influences employee performance in public hospitals in Nairobi County. The study recommended improvement of wellness programs, provision of transport to and from work and improvement of terms of mortgage scheme to attract more employees and to enhance motivation for better performance in public hospitals in Nairobi County.
Relationship between Resources and Value Creation in the Kenyan-owed Mining Enterprises in Kenya
Authors: Laiboni Susan Nyegera , Senaji Thomas Anyanje , King’oriah George Kinoti
Published: February 2025

Studies show that countries such as United States of America, Canada, Australia, Chile, Ghana and South Africa use the right machinery and equipment to extract minerals which when sold contribute significantly to the country’s GDP. Kenyan mining industry contributed Ksh.15023 million only to the GDP in the second quarter of 2020. Therefore, it was important to establish whether Kenyan owned mining enterprises have adequate resources. The objective of this study was to establish whether resources have a relationship with value creation. This study was a cross sectional survey. A questionnaire was used to collect data from Kenyan owned mining enterprises, where both semi-structured and open-ended questions were used. A quantitative approach was employed in data analysis. Results of the research demonstrated that there was  correlation between resources and value creation. ANOVA results show that resources and value creation association were statistically significant.  However, Kenyan owned enterprises do not have adequate resources. This study found out that most of the Kenyan owned mining enterprises do not have adequate resources to facilitate value creation processes. These resources are crucial in mining industry because finances are used to acquire all other resources, such as machines and equipment resources that are used to extract minerals throughout the value chain process in the mining industry. Future studies can be undertaken to establish whether other specific types of mining-related enterprises have resources to facilitate mining process.
Efficiency of Methodist Church of Kenya Pastoral Programs in Addressing Orphans’ Spiritual Needs in Day Secondary Schools in Imenti North Sub-County
Authors: Makathimo Eunice Karambu , Kinoti Mary , Njoroge John
Published: February 2025

Pastoral care program is used in schools to offer learners spiritual assistance while ensuring their overall well-being is catered for by designated pastors. There are various responsibilities bestowed upon licensed pastors in MCK church fraternity which are derived from the authority given in ordination. The roles of these pastors are categorized into four capacities, namely, word, sacrament, order and service as witnesses, service of Christ's love and justice in mission as pastors, or superintendents. However, the delivery of these roles to orphans in day secondary schools has not been fully realized. Hence, concerns about the pastoral programmers’ effectiveness in the wake of increased suffering and misconduct among orphans has arisen.  This study, therefore, aimed at assessing effectiveness of Methodist Church in Kenya sponsorship programs on material and spiritual needs of orphans in day secondary schools in Imenti North Sub-County. The study was guided by Erickson’s Psychosocial Development Theory and Maslow’s Theory of Human Motivation. Mixed research methodology was applied. The target population was 285 respondents from 17 secondary schools sponsored by MCK. A sample size of 207 respondents who comprised of church education committee leaders, superintendent ministers, guidance and counseling teachers, principals, and orphaned students was obtained. Stratified sampling method was utilized in choosing orphan respondents for this study. The study concluded that spiritual nourishment and counseling were the major services offered by MCK pastoral programs. However, the frequency of these services was low leading to high school dropout rates. Therefore, the study recommends increased and regular counseling and spiritual nourishment services.
Effect of Knowledge Acquisition on Academic Performance of Postgraduate Students of Private Universities in Kenya
Authors: Onditi Walter Ouma , Murithi Simon , Nzioki Susan
Published: February 2025

The concept of Knowledge Management (KM) has been used in measuring and gauging institutional performance. However, the effect of Knowledge Acquisition (KA) practices on academic performance of higher learning institutions is yet to be contextualized. This study attempted to bridge the aforementioned academic gap by assessing the effect of KA practices on academic performance on postgraduate students of private universities in Kenya, based on the theory of Resource Based View (RBV). Descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. A sample of 370 respondents was drawn from a population of 12,919 postgraduate students and faculty/department heads. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted in obtaining this sample. The findings established 27.8% variation in postgraduate academic performance; KA practice had very weak positive and insignificant correlation (r=0.044) and insignificant partial factor effect (β = 0.040, p=0.526) on postgraduate academic performance in private universities. The study concluded that KA did not have significant effect on postgraduate academic performance in private universities in emerging economies. Therefore, factors other than KM contributed to the academic performance, and they are worth exploring in future studies. The study recommends further research in methodologies and measures of knowledge acquisition as ways of improving application of knowledge management practices on students’ academic performance
Influence of Union Membership on Satisfaction with Motivational Strategies among Teachers of Public Secondary Schools in Embu County, Kenya
Authors: Mugambi Mary M. , Kibaara Tarsilla , Kaberia Isaac
Published: February 2025

Unions play a pivotal role in ensuring teachers’ commitment and welfare are safeguarded, thus elevating satisfaction levels. The study aimed to assess the influence of teachers’ trade unions on management of public secondary schools in Embu County, Kenya. Data was collected from the five sub-counties of Embu County. The study population was 2400 teachers and 205 principals. 10% criteria was used to obtain a sample size of 240 teachers and 21 principals. Census method was used to sample 1 Director of education, 16 KUPPET and 13 KNUT officials. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard error of the mean and inferential statistics, as well as simple linear regression were performed. The findings professional growth, career development, opportunities for study, in-service training, career development, and teachers' involvement in decision making enhanced teachers’ satisfaction. Principals were satisfied with teachers' participation in decision-making, professional growth, and career development. There was a positive relationship between union membership and teachers' job satisfaction with motivation among teachers and principals. Therefore, unionization results in increased satisfaction with motivational strategies. The study recommends rigorous campaigns by KUPPET and KNUT aimed at encouraging teachers to join the unions for increased solidarity and satisfaction.
Citation and Referencing as a Catalyst for Optimizing E-Resource Utilization: The Case of Graduate Students in Christian Universities in Nairobi County
Authors: Kinoti Dennis Mwaki , Gichohi Paul Maku , Gatimu Winfred
Published: February 2025

Sophisticated systems and technologies have led to the proliferation of e-resources and their adoption alongside print media in higher learning institutions, particularly with the rise of e-learning. To ensure effective utilization of e-resources, citation and referencing competences remain integral in graduate students’ research, learning and scholastic achievement. Nonetheless, studies done reveal that e-resources remain underutilized. This study aimed at investigating the role of citation and referencing competences in enhancing e-resource utilization among graduate students in Christian Universities in Nairobi County. Descriptive survey research design was used to gather comprehensive data. Stratified and systematic sampling was employed to select graduate students, and purposive sampling to select librarians. The target population was 843 graduate students and 8 library staff. A 20% sample was selected, resulting to 168 graduate students and 8 librarians. Questionnaires collected data from graduate students and the librarians were interviewed. Thematic analysis was done for qualitative data, which was presented thematically and using verbatim. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using SPSS, employing descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results were presented in tables and figures. The findings revealed that graduate students showed a strong preference for and effectively utilized a variety of e-resources. Additionally, they demonstrated a satisfactory understanding and application of citation, referencing styles, and reference management software/tools. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated a strong positive linear association. Consequently, the study concluded that citing and referencing significantly affected graduate students’ use of e-resources. Based on these findings, the study recommends mandatory training in citing and referencing for graduate students in Christian universities in Nairobi County. It emphasizes the need to market e-resources, analyze usage statistics, and reassess the library budget. Additionally, attention should be given to mastering referencing, improving citation ability, and utilizing reference management tools/software in a bid to optimizing e-resource use and overall academic success.
Status of Preparedness of ICT User Training and Skills Development in Implementing Curriculum through Online Distance Teaching and Learning in National TVET Institutions in Kenya
Authors: Munene Rose Mbuthu , Ngeera Flora Gacheri , Kanyi Charles Mugo
Published: February 2025

There is immense pressure for online courses at TVET institutions. In order to address this demand, TVET institutions are required to implement a responsive curriculum for training through online mode. Incidentally, the rise in technology applications allows institutions of learning to adopt ICT in providing education and training. Despite the importance attached to online teaching and learning, the preparedness for the same has continued to face several setbacks in TVETs in Kenya. The study’s purpose was to assess the status of ICT user training and skills development preparedness in supporting the implementation of curriculum through online distance teaching and learning at national TVET institutions in Kenya.  The study was anchored on Bruner’s constructivist learning theory. It collected data from three national polytechnics, where trainers in Applied Sciences Department, trainees, heads of department and principals were the main respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. A sample size of 248 respondents, comprising of 3 principals, 3 heads of department, 35 trainers and 207 trainees was selected. The sampling techniques adopted included purposive sampling to select trainers, HODs and principals; and stratified sampling technique for trainees. The validity and reliability of research instruments were ascertained accordingly. Percentages, mean and standard deviation were conducted on quantitative data; while, thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The study findings show that ICT user training was crucial for effective curriculum implementation of online teaching and learning in national TVET institutions in Kenya. Further, findings indicated that preparedness was at moderate level, indicating gaps on ICT usage that required to be addressed. The study recommends that development of comprehensive and ongoing training programs to equip both the trainers and the trainees with the necessary skills and competencies to effectively utilize online platforms and digital resources in TVET institutions.
Factors Influencing Patients’ Retention in HIV Chronic Care Clinics in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: Nura Abagudo Qabalena , Mwaura-Tenambergen Wanja , Muiruri Lillian
Published: February 2025

Human Immunodeficiency Virus /Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has remained a threat to global public health. Despite the benefits of Antiretroviral Therapy in reducing mortality and morbidity, many people living with the HIV are not retained in chronic care clinics to control disease spread. Thus, rapid expansion of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) programmes without understanding the service factors that shape the behaviours of HIV-positive people will undermine its effectiveness, waste precious resources, and result in the emergence of ART-resistant viruses. This study assessed health service delivery factors affecting HIV care retention in Nakuru County. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used for the study. The researcher investigated those who kept appointments and those who did not so as to understand their challenges. The target population comprised 2963 HIV-positive clients. The sample size, calculated using Krejcie and Morgan's table, was 300. Simple random sampling was used to select those who honoured appointments, and appointment diaries were used to pick the defaulters. Caregivers helped in administering questionnaires to those who kept their appointments, while the defaulters were interviewed over the phone by the researcher. SPSS version 26 was used to analyse descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean and standard deviation. Logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing care retention. The findings revealed that health providers’ friendliness, quality of service, time taken at the facility, and the ease to secure off days at work were service delivery factors associated with patients' retention in HIV chronic care facilities. The study recommends that HIV programmes take a holistic approach in tackling problems associated with patients’ retention in HIV chronic care clinics. In this regard, employees should be given days off to attend their appointments, the government ought to decentralise HIV services to the lowest level, and further offer attitude trainings to HIV chronic care providers.
Influence of Camel breeds on Productivity in Mandera County, Kenya
Authors: Ali Issadin Maalim , Mutunga Stephen Laititi , Ncene William
Published: February 2025

Mandera County relies mainly on camel production for income and livelihoods. However, the trade in camel and camel products remains largely under exploited. Efforts at exploiting the potential in the camel and its products have been made, albeit to a very low extent, but a lot remains to be done if camel productivity is to be maximized. It was against this background that the current study sought to investigate the influence of camel breeds on productivity in Mandera County. The objective of the research was to find the influence of camel breeds on productivity of meat, milk, hides and other products. Basic Needs Theory anchored the study. Descriptive research design was adopted. Both purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select respondents. Random sampling technique was applied on a population of 43,691 camel dealers in Mandera County, from which a sample of 396 households was obtained. 100 respondents were purposively selected from each Sub County. Government officers that work with camel dealers were interviewed. Reliability and dependability of the data were confirmed before analysis using SPSS Version 26. Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.778 was realized for reliability of constructs of camel breeds. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the findings, while information from government officers was analyzed qualitatively for triangulation purposes. Hypothesis testing indicated that effects of breeds on camel productivity was statistically significant (β=0.201, p=0.032). Results revealed that effects of camel breeds were positively and significantly correlated to camel productivity at r=0.733. It was concluded that Camel breeds were critical to improvement of productivity. The study recommended that Mandera County invests in acquisition of adequate and good breeds of camel especially bulls and avail them in to the farmers so as to maximize productive cycles of female camels that often lack bulls when on heat losing production.
Effect of Budget Planning on the Financial Performance of Public Universities in the Mount Kenya Region, Kenya
Authors: Kaithia Lilian Kawira , Moguche Abel , Rintari Nancy
Published: February 2025

Public universities perform a vital role in providing higher education and contributing to the country's socioeconomic development. Notably, public higher education establishments in the Mount Kenya region, have successfully implemented budgetary control approaches to improve financial performance. That notwithstanding, most of them are ignorant of how budgets and budgetary control affect performance outcomes. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of budget planning on the financial performance of public universities located in the Mount Kenya region, Kenya. The design used in the investigation was descriptive. The target population was 7 universities located in Mount Kenya Region. The respondents, enlisted using census method included 284 heads of departments in both academic and administration divisions of the universities included. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data for this study. Using the drop and pick method, the researcher issued and collected filled in questionnaires after 2 weeks. The data were analyzed using descriptive techniques like frequencies, percentage and mean, while the inferential statistics included correlations. The study conducted a pre-test study in Laikipia University, where 28 respondents were recruited using simple random method. Data was presented using tables and explanations. The findings indicated a noteworthy and optimistic correlation between budgetary planning and financial performance of public universities (r=0.817, p=0.000). The study concluded that most universities had budgets that guided them in a financial year. However, the main concern was declined revenue consistency to adequately fund the budget. The study recommended that budgetary control strategies such as incremental and activity-based budgets be introduced in public institutions. Further, public universities need to focus more on creating budgetary control through appropriate planning, monitoring, and budget implementation, as well as allowing employee engagement in the budget process in order to strengthen the budgetary control process.
Pastoral Role in Addressing Teenage Pregnancy among High School Girls in Tigania Central Sub-County, Meru County, Kenya
Authors: Itonga Silas Murithi , Kaaria Zipporah , Mwenda Jotham M.
Published: February 2025

Teenage pregnancy is one of challenges faced by society today. Consequently, there was a need to establish the utilization of pastoral programs by the church leadership in addressing teenage pregnancy. This study investigated the pastoral role of Church leadership in addressing teenage pregnancy in Tigania Central Sub-County, Meru County. The study used descriptive survey design, and was guided by Social Learning Theory. From a population of 258 Church leaders, 77 selected using random sampling technique, while 50 teenage high school girls were purposively sampled from a population of 500. Data from the Church leaders was collected using structured questionnaires, and Focus Group Discussions was used to collect data from the teenage high school girls. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics like percentages, means, and standard deviations, while the qualitative data was analyzed thematically. Results showed that attitudes towards marital sex (92.4%), cultural values and norms on sexual behavior (81.4%) and perspectives towards contraception utilization (82%) were the causes of high prevalence of teenage pregnancy. The study concluded that pastoral programs by the Church leadership were key in addressing teenage pregnancy among high school girls in Tigania West Sub-County, Kenya. The recommends the Church leadership to appoint youth/teenagers patrons in the Churches, place chaplains in Church-sponsored schools, and include teenagers while drawing pastoral programs.
Influence of Sustainability of Spiritual-Economic Projects on Growth of Methodist Church in Kaaga Synod, Kenya
Authors: Lairangi Jeniffer Kinya , Kinoti Mary , Njoroge John
Published: February 2025

The mission of the church is to contribute to the transformation of the dehumanizing economic structures. Nevertheless, churches in Kenya have experienced a lack in financial leadership and spiritual support for projects; occasioned by absence of spiritual guidance in the implementation of economic projects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of sustainability of spiritual-economic projects on growth of the Methodist church in Kenya, Kaaga Synod. The study was guided by stewardship theory, and adopted   descriptive research design. The target population was 25 Circuits of Methodist Church, Kaaga Synod, Meru, Kenya. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 53 project managers, while simple random sampling technique was used to select 196 project members, constituting 30 percent of the project membership population across the sampled circuits. Questionnaires were used to collect data. A pre-test study was conducted in Methodist church in Nairobi synod, where 5 projects heads and 20 community project members were included. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, frequencies and percentage. SPSS version 29 was used to analyze the data, and results were presented in tables. The study found out that church projects, such as schools and financial institutions, were negatively impacted by Covid-19, resulting in low income. Consequently, the church has taken longer time than anticipated to deliver its mandate. The study recommends that the church council to develop strategies that would enable the church projects recover more quickly from the adverse effects of Covid-19 pandemic.
Level of Awareness and Utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among Adolescents in Secondary Schools in Turkana South Sub-County, Turkana County, Kenya
Authors: Lobolia Abong William , M’mayi Consolata , Kyulu Teresia
Published: February 2025

Adolescence is a time when teenagers exhibit rapid growth and development that is mainly characterized by emotional, sexual, cognitive, and physical changes. Therefore, when attention is accorded to enlighten them on these changes, they are able to cope amicably. However, there has been persistent reproductive health problems among adolescent secondary school students. The purpose of the study was to examine the level of awareness and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among adolescents in secondary schools in Turkana South Sub-County, Turkana County, Kenya. The study used descriptive cross-sectional design. The target population was 2,748 male and female adolescents aged 15-19 years attending 14 secondary schools in Turkana South Sub County. Simple random sampling method was used to select 337 respondents, who answered to the questionnaire. The sample was between 10-30% of the population as recommended by Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) for a population below 10,000. Pilot test was conducted on 34 adolescents in Loturerei Mixed Day Secondary School in Turkana central. Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability, while construct and content validity were ensured. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages and inferential statistics such as Chi-square were to analyze the data. Results were presented using tables and explanations. Results indicated that most respondents had little or no knowledge of adolescent sexual reproductive health programs, with only 15.58 percent of the 337 respondents acknowledging to be aware of services offered under the program. The study concluded that referrals from trusted sources, including professionals and peers, were highly effective in encouraging healthcare utilization. However, written materials and school noticeboards had limited impact, suggesting the need for more interactive and targeted awareness strategies. The study, therefore recommended a series of comprehensive awareness campaigns to sensitize adolescents on reproductive health programs and services.
Influence of Strategic Leadership on the Performance of Hospitality Companies in Maputo Province, Mozambique
Authors: Boane Celia Antonio , Gichunge Evangeline , Miluwi Joshua
Published: February 2025

The drivers of strategy implementation are crucial for achieving strategic goals. The study aims to identify critical elements that contribute to enhanced performance in the Hotel industry. It examines the influence of strategic leadership on the performance of hospitality companies in Maputo Province, Mozambique, focusing on key elements that enhance hotel performance. The study, grounded in Strategic Leadership theory, utilized a descriptive survey research design. Data were collected from 10 hotels, with participants including 10 Chief Executive Officers, 10 relationship managers, 10 operations managers, 10 IT managers, and 10 strategic leaders. A total of 50 respondents were selected through simple random sampling method, and they responded to both limited-choice and open-ended questions. To ensure the validity of the research, a pre-test was conducted at Vip Grand Hotel Maputo, with one relationship manager and two IT staff. The findings were illustrated using descriptive statistics, frequency charts, and detailed explanations, while inferential statistics were analyzed through multiple regression and correlation analysis. Results indicated that strategic leadership significantly influences the performance of hospitality companies. A correlation coefficient of 0.089 was found between strategic leadership and performance, with statistical significance at a p-value of 0.05. Participants highlighted the importance of effective leadership, emphasizing that senior management must cultivate behaviors and practices that drive performance. The study concluded that effective leadership is essential for achieving customer satisfaction, profitability, market share, operational efficiency, informed decision-making, and resource management. As a result, the study recommends that hotel CEOs prioritize a culture of creativity and innovation. This can be accomplished by encouraging employees to share ideas, experiment with new approaches, and continuously improve processes, thereby enhancing overall hotel performance.
Cloud-Enabled Machine Learning: A Framework for Revolutionizing Pharmacy Inventory Management in Nairobi County
Authors: Chebet Kelvin , Mbandu Vincent
Published: February 2025

This study assesses the impact of cloud-based machine learning on pharmacy inventory management in Nairobi County, Kenya. Traditional pharmacy inventory management results in challenges such as stock-outs and overstocking, which affect financial performance and patient care. The study uses the EOQ and JIT theories to analyze how cloud computing through AWS PaaS and machine learning through the XGBoost algorithm can improve inventory management. A descriptive research design was used, and a target population was 100 pharmacies (65 public and 35 private) in Nairobi County. Structured questionnaires were administered to the pharmacy managers and staff to determine their current practices and perceptions of the proposed cloud-based machine learning framework. Quantitative data was analyzed through regression and correlation analyses. The findings indicated that AWS PaaS improved efficiency by 65%, scalability by 60%, and security by 65%, while XGBoost improved forecast accuracy by 65% and reduced stock outs by 65%. Regression analysis showed a strong predictive power with an R-value of 0.922, and a high p-value of 1.274; showing a statistical insignificance in explaining the variance in inventory management. Similarly, although XGBOOST is a statistically significant predictor (p-value of 0.017), AWS is a statistically insignificant predictor with a p-value of 1.283. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationship between the technologies and inventory management. The study concludes that the combination of cloud computing and machine learning can transform the management of pharmacy inventory, including problems that have remained persistent, such as stock-outs and overstocking. The major recommendations are that the proposed framework should be implemented in pharmacies by the management, management should ensure continuous staff training on the use of technologies, and that their performance should be monitored. This research offers an industry-specific, integrated framework to apply advanced technologies for improving efficiency, accuracy, and cost in the pharmaceutical supply chain.
Influence of Proximity Distance and Route Map in M-Shopping Applications on Consumers' Behavior in Nairobi Metropolitan
Authors: Mwove Agbesters Ndolo , Mwenda Lawrence Muriira , Mutua Robert Murungi
Published: February 2025

A consumer's mobile shopping behavior heavily depends on several factors including, but not limited to gender, age, literacy, occupation, marital status and available communication technology.  Ubiquitous technology has significant influence on behavior that is convenient for mobile shoppers. This research sought to study the influence of proximity distance and route map in m-shopping applications on consumers' behaviour in Nairobi Metropolitan. A cross-sectional research design was adopted and a sample size of 106 respondents determined using a simple random sampling technique. The primary data was collected through structured survey questionnaires, after which, STATA software was used for analysis. The study established a statistically significant relationship between the convenient in m-shopping applications and consumer’s m-shopping behaviour (ꭕ2=6.370a, p=.041<0.05). A statistically significant relationship between the proximity in the current m-shopping applications and consumer’s m-shopping behaviour was also noted (ꭕ2=13.234a, p=.001<0.05). Further, findings indicated a positive statistically significant relationship between the route map in the current m-shopping applications and consumer’s m-shopping behaviour (ꭕ2=72.192a, p=.000<0.05). Analyzing the influence of proximity distance on consumer’s behavior revealed that, consumers tend to favor businesses located closer to their current location when making buying decisions through m-shopping applications. Further, provision of vendor-consumer real-time navigation assistance would enhance consumer’s behavior. Despite the high deployment of mobile shopping applications, less attention is given to the proximity distance and route map aspects in the mobile shopping landscape. Consequently, this negatively impacts on the consumer’s m-shopping behavior. This study serves as an intervention target for improving the consumer behavior. It is therefore recommendable that the developers of m-shopping applications adopt a holistic and consumer-vendor centered approach to mobile applications. In addition, implementation studies should be employed to model this and identify other factors that may be useful to effectively improve m-shopper’s behavior.