bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores desencadenantes de embarazo precoz en adolescentes de Latinoamérica.
Authors: Dueñas Lucas Wendy Jamileth , Muñoz Ureta Milena Roxana , Parrales Pincay Irma Gissela
Published: January 2023

El embarazo precoz como fenómeno social afecta en gran manera el desarrollo psicosocial y económico de las adolescentes embarazadas. Según datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, a nivel mundial 49 de cada 1000 adolescentes entre 15 a 19 años han estado embarazadas, motivo que llevó a estudiar los factores de riesgo implicados en esta problemática de salud pública. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los factores desencadenantes de embarazo precoz en adolescentes de Latinoamérica. Metodología: Tipo de estudio cualitativo, documental, descriptivo, a través de la revisión bibliográfica. Se empleó como estrategia de búsqueda la revisión de artículos en bases de datos como: PubMed, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, Google Académico, de los últimos 6 años en plataformas de inglés y español. Resultados: Los estudios analizados destacaron la importancia de la familia como factor desencadenante principal de embarazo precoz, está dado por tener antecedentes de embarazo adolescente familiar, poca o nula comunicación con los padres, pertenecer a hogares disfuncionales, entorno familiar hostil. Otros factores que incidieron fueron los de carácter socioeconómico y educativo. Además, al estar expuesta a los riesgos antes mencionados trajo complicaciones en la salud de las embarazadas como aborto, parto pretérmino, infecciones en las vías urinarias. Conclusión: La temática investigada es una problemática real donde las adolescentes corren diversos riesgos en su salud, por lo tanto, las políticas de estado deben ajustarse a la prevención de este grupo vulnerado, y que el impacto de esta investigación cree nuevas propuestas para disminuir los altos índices de embarazo precoz.
Catacresis funeraria: uso de objetos de metal como artilugios en tumbas chimúes en Huaca de la Luna, costa norte de Perú
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Ciprian Quispe Jakelyn , Gayoso Rullier Henry ,   Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Published: January 2023

Muchas sociedades andinas precolombinas solían colocar pequeños objetos de metal en determina- das partes del cuerpo de un difunto. Siendo una costumbre muy difundida en los Andes Centrales, en diferentes períodos prehispánicos, no se conocen hasta la fecha investigaciones significativas sobre el tema. El presente artículo se refiere a la continuidad de dicha práctica en tumbas de la cultura Chimú (ca. 1100-1470 DC) registradas en Huacas de Moche, en la costa norte de Perú, específicamente en el patio principal del Templo Viejo de la Huaca de la Luna. Luego de analizar las características morfo- lógicas de los objetos, con el apoyo de la etnografía se discute su ubicación en el cuerpo según el grupo etario del difunto y su uso en el contexto funerario. Se sugiere que estos no formarían parte del ajuar funerario y que servirían como artilugios mágicos para fines propiciatorios, adivinatorios o de castigo.
Pastores y caravaneros en el arte rupestre de San Juan (centro oeste argentino)
Authors:   Centro de Investigaciones de la Geósfera y la Biósfera, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, García Alejandro
Published: January 2023

En este artículo se presentan los resultados del análisis de representaciones de llamas observadas en sitios del sector cordillerano de la provincia de San Juan, con el objetivo de contribuir a la caracterización y comprensión del registro de arte rupestre del centro oeste argentino vinculado con dichas figuras. Los hallazgos muestran la definición de diversos diseños o patrones formales de llamas, los que indican una amplia presencia de estos animales durante la segunda parte del Holoceno Tardío en el oeste sanjuanino y permiten proponer una cronología general y la vía más probable para el tráfico caravanero trasandino en ese sector. El registro analizado aporta, además, elementos que permiten discutir la probable monta de la llama por los nativos locales y la posible vinculación de un singular personaje antropomorfo con un ícono distintivo del norte de Chile, el “Señor de los Camélidos”.
Identifying Doxycycline Hydrochloride and Tylosin in Chicken Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Ting , Yuan Haichao , Liu Muhua , Chen Xiongfei , Huang Shuanggen , Zhao Jinhui , Chen Jian , Zheng Sha , Xu Ning
Published: January 2023

Because antibiotics are regularly used for chicken, food safety is of utmost importance, and health experts pay attention to the effect antibiotics could have on human health. This study examines how surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used to identify two antibiotic residues in chicken, doxycycline hydrochloride (DCH) and tylosin (TYL). A single-factor experiment method was adopted to optimize the SERS detection conditions. Results show that the SERS intensities of the chicken samples containing DCH and TYL had greater effectiveness in the peaks of 672 and 771 cm-1 under gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as the enhancement substrate at 10 min of the optimal adsorption time. The original SERS spectra were pretreated using the method of adaptive iterative penalty least square (air-PLS) and the second derivative, where the feature vectors were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA). The first four principal component scoring was selected as the input values of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with an overall classification accuracy of 100% for the test set. The experimental results show that SERS technology can identify DCH and TYL in chicken.
Toward Identifying the Critical Ecological Habitat of Larval Fishes: An Environmental DNA Window into Fisheries Management
Authors:   Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Satterthwaite Erin , Allen Andrew , Lampe Robert , Gold Zachary , Thompson Andrew , Bowlin Noelle , Swalethorp Rasmus , Goodwin Kelly , Hazen Elliott , Bograd Steven , Matthews Stephanie , Semmens Brice
Published: January 2023

Environmental DNA (eDNA)-based ecological co-occurrence networks can provide a valuable tool for fisheries and conservation management. In the past, it was nearly impossible to explore the microscopic world of larval fishes in one sampling event. Now, eDNA data and ecological co-occurrence network modeling provide windows into ecosystems that support larval fishes and upon which subsequent fisheries rely. Thus, there is great potential for eDNA methods coupled with ecological network analyses to provide a holistic understanding of community composition and species interactions and to develop indicators for fisheries and ecosystem-based management.
Autoestima y resiliencia en mujeres
Authors: Alomaliza Capuz Carlos Estuardo , Flores Hernández Verónica Fernanda
Published: January 2023

La autoestima es la capacidad, pensamiento y actitud interna que tiene la persona sobre sí misma, del mismo modo, a la resiliencia se la puede definir como la capacidad de una persona o grupo para seguir proyectándose en el futuro a pesar de acontecimientos desestabilizadores, de condiciones de vida difíciles y de traumas a veces graves. El presente estudio busca determinar la relación entre los niveles de autoestima y los niveles de resiliencia en las mujeres. Para ello se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, de alcance descriptivo, correlacional y de corte transversal. Se contó con la participación de 121 mujeres del cantón Tisaleo-Ecuador, 50.4 % corresponde a mujeres solteras, y el 49.6 % mujeres casadas con una media de edad de 30 años, a quienes se les administró la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, y la Escala de Resiliencia de Wagnild y Young. Los resultados revelaron que existe una correlación positiva baja entre autoestima y resiliencia. (Rho = 0.328; p < 0,01), así mismo, el 40.5 % de las participantes tienen niveles medios de autoestima, de igual forma se identificó 54.5 % niveles medios de resiliencia, además, se evidenció que las mujeres casadas son más resilientes que las mujeres solteras. Se concluye que existe una relación positiva baja, es decir, que si aumentan los niveles de autoestima mayor resiliencia tendrán las mujeres.
Isolation of pathogenic strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from mobile phones in a tertiary institution in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Alabi Olumuyiwa , Ayoola Oluwatobi , Odeyemi Jesutofunmi , Oaikhena Anderson
Published: January 2023

The health implications of mobile phones emission have been a matter of concern to health practitioners for decades but little or no attention has been given to the mobile phones as potential fomites for pathogens. This study isolated and characterised methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on mobile phones of students in a tertiary institution in Ibadan, Nigeria. One hundred swab samples were obtained from the surfaces of mobile phones of students in a cross-sectional study conducted between July and August, 2019. Presumptive staphylococci were isolated on mannitol salt agar and identities were confirmed by standard biochemical test and Gram-staining. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by disc-diffusion method and mecA or mecALGA251, tsst-1, eta and etb genes screened by PCR technique. Among the 200 presumptive S. aureus isolated, 163 (81.5%) were confirmed as S. aureus exhibiting resistance to ofloxacin (1.8%), gentamicin (3.7%), ceftriaxone (29.4%), ceftazidime (57.7%), cefoxitin (61.3%), cefuroxime (64.4%), erythromycin (85.3%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (86.5%) and cloxacillin (92%). Proportion of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) were 61.3% and 38.7% respectively with significant difference in their level of antibiotic resistance to the cephalosporins (excluding ceftriaxone), penicillins, erythromycin and ofloxacin (p<0.05). All the MRSA strains were multidrug resistant (MDR) harbouring mecA or mecALGA251 (56.3%), tsst-1 (56.3%), etb (31.3%) and eta (12.5%) genes. This study detected a high proportion of methicillin-resistant, virulent S. aureus as fomites on surfaces of mobile phones among students of a tertiary institution. This is of public health concern and thus requires strong public education to avoid imminent spread and outbreaks.
How to understand modern digital technologies so as not to fall into the traps of cybercriminals and misinformation online
Authors: Moroz Vitaliy
Published: January 2023

The digital world with all its gadgets, sites and useful services has become too comprehensive and comprehensive to fundamentally ignore it. The digital world offers significant opportunities for both individual users and institutions. Reforming the health care sector in Ukraine involves a significant emphasis on not using an increasing number of digital tools in the daily work of both medical institutions and doctors. Every day patients try to communicate with doctors through messengers, sending the latter their questions, test results, and other medical data. And although such online consultations are mostly not institutionalized, patients are primarily guided by the logic of convenience, accessibility and time saving, pressing the «send» button in the messenger to send a message to the doctor.
At the same time, the use of digital technologies in health care is gaining more and more expressive forms due to the introduction of telemedicine, electronic prescriptions, or the availability of publicly available dashboards from the National Health Service. The dashboards contain arrays of data on the provision of medical services at the level of hospitals and the corresponding payments under contracts with the National Health Service. Access to all these benefits of the digital space requires at least a basic understanding of digital technologies to use them effectively. The article explains principals of digital literacy with emphasize on health care providers and explains how to understand modern digital technologies and not to fall into the traps of cybercriminals and misinformation online.
Science & Humanities Vol. 1 Nº 2 2017
Authors: Arpasi Chura Rodolfo Fredy
Published: January 2023

La Escuela de Posgrado de la Universidad Andina “Néstor Cáceres Velásquez” (UANCV) presenta con satisfacción la segunda edición de la Revista Científica Andina – Science & Humanities con ISSN 2521-2885 a la comunidad académica - científica de la Región Puno, que luego de haber sido sometido a un riguroso arbitraje ponemos a su disposición.
COBERTURAS DE SERVICIOS DE ATENCIÓN EN ESTABLECIMIENTOS DE SALUD DE LA REGIÓN PUNO PERÚ
Authors: Ríos Pineda Aurelio , Pérez Ordoñez Katy Agripina
Published: January 2023

La prestación de servicios de salud que se brinda los centros hospitalarios a la población se desarrolla por dos sistemas que requieren ser evaluadas. Este estudio exploró las coberturas alcanzadas por los establecimientos de salud, en los periodos 2015 y 2016. El objetivo fuer comparar las coberturas de atención de los indicadores de cohorte, demanda y rendimiento en los establecimientos de la Región Puno. El proceso metodológico fue de tipo retrospectivo y comparativo; la muestra estuvo conformada por 7 establecimientos CLAS y 51 no CLAS. Se aplicó la técnica de revisión documentaria y el instrumento, una lista de chequeo y contrastación de prueba T-Student. Los resultados indican que el año 2015, en la cobertura sobre vacunación Difteria, Pertusis y Tétanos (DPT), crecimiento y desarrollo (CRED) fueron buenas (76 – 100%), así mismo la demanda de consulta enfermera y el rendimiento de la enfermera y obstetriz. En el año 2016, la cobertura de vacunación DPT, antisarampionosa, CRED y control puerperiofueron buenas (76-100%); de igual manera la consulta obstetriz y el rendimiento de la enfermera y obstetriz. En los no CLAS en el 2015 solo la vacunación antisarampiosa fue buena (76-100%), en similar forma en el año 2016, la cobertura en la vacuna antisampionosa, consulta médica y el rendimiento de la enfermera. Conclusión: Los establecimientos CLAS presentan mayor cobertura en indicadores de cohorte, demanda y rendimiento del profesional, frente a los resultados obtenidos en los establecimientos no CLAS; lo que determina estadísticamente diferencia significativa (p<0,05).
EFECTO DE LA EDUCACIÓN PRENATAL PARA EL PARTO EN GESTANTES DEL HOSPITAL REGIONAL MANUEL NÚÑEZ BUTRÓN PUNO 2017
Authors: Cueva Rossel Esperanza , Zuñiga Medina Enrique
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de estudio fue determinar el efecto de influencia de la educación prenatal para el parto en las gestantes del Hospital Regional Manuel Núñez Butrón Puno 2017. La metodología utilizada fue cuantitativo de nivel explicativo no experimental. El proceso metodológico tomó como muestra de 236 gestantes que acudieron de manera voluntaria al hospital, los cuales fueron seleccionados de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión y la posibilidad de obtención de información. Se realizó una capacitación a las gestantes sobre educación prenatal y preparación integral a través de técnicas participativas, explicativas. Se realizó un pre test y post test después de la capacitación, así mismo se logra que las gestantes luego acudan a hospital a tener un parto institucional sin complicaciones y sin dolor. Los resultados indican que las madres que participaron en las capacitaciones entendieron sus responsabilidades y con ello se logró reducir el tiempo de duración del primer periodo del parto donde el 95.3% tuvieron una duración menor a 12 horas así mismo, se redujo la duración del segundo periodo donde el 95.% tuvo una duración menor de 30 minutos. En la evaluación respecto a este periodo, el95.8 % obtuvieron notas optimas, el 2.5% notas regulares y el 1.7% notas bajas, que permite afirmar que la educación prenatal influye positivamente en el parto y con ello el bienestar de sus familias.
HABITUS DE MIGRANTES RURAIS, ESTRATÉGIA DE SUCESSO DAS EMPRESAS FAMILIARES NA CIDADE DE JULIACA - PUNO PERU
Authors: Escobar Mamani Fortunato
Published: January 2023

Las atividades mais dinâmicas nas cidades são o comércio individual ou grupal de famílias de migrantes com resultados adversos ou benéficos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi explorar as formas de preservar o “habitus” de imigrantes rurais praticados como uma estratégia bem sucedida de negócios familiares na cidade de Juliaca, desenvolvida entre os meses de abril a outubro de 2017. O procedimento foi o revisão da literatura científica produzida nos últimos anos, paralelamente à obtenção de informações através do método etnográfico e hermenêutico pela convivência com os atores envolvidos em empresas familiares, para analisar e enfatizar as diferentes formas de pensar, dizer e fazer com base em suas Utiliza e personaliza dentro da atividade comercial / produtiva. Os resultados indicam que os próprios elementos culturais são a melhor estratégia herdada para o sucesso empresarial que tem vindo a diminuir desde a segunda geração, influenciada pelos efeitos da modernidade; enquanto os elementos culturais externos se tornam parte da cultura local vivida pelo grupo, onde eles não foram produzidos ou reproduzidos, mas sobreviveram parcialmente apenas por interesses puramente econômicos. Portanto, a coexistência cultural (adequada e apropriada) é necessária para fazerparte do conhecimento empresarial para o comércio local e internacional com responsabilidade social e ambiental.
Science & Humanities Vol. 2 Nº 1 2018
Authors: Arpasi Chura Rodolfo Fredy
Published: January 2023

la Revista Científica Andina “Science & Humanities” de carácter multidisciplinario, creada con Resolución N° 025–2017–EPG/UANCV–CP–D, en su primera versión como resultado de una labor organizada de profesores y estudiantes con el deseo de contribuir al conocimiento científico y que tenga la oportunidad de perdurar en el tiempo.
SCIENCE & HUMANITIES - Vol. 3 - Num.1
Authors: Arpasi Chura Rodolfo Fredy
Published: January 2023

la Revista Científica Andina “Science & Humanities” de carácter multidisciplinario, creada con Resolución N° 025–2017–EPG/UANCV–CP–D, en su primera versión como resultado de una labor organizada de profesores y estudiantes con el deseo de contribuir al conocimiento científico y que tenga la oportunidad de perdurar en el tiempo.
GRADO DE PELIGROSIDAD EN EL SISTEMA DE SEGURIDAD Y SALUD DE LOS TRABAJADORES DE CONSTRUCCIÓN
Authors: Mamani Rodrigo Wilson , Larico Mamani Edy
Published: January 2023

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el grado de peligrosidad de las actividades en obras de construcción en Juliaca. El diseño de investigación utilizado fue no experimental. El tipo de investigación es básica, de enfoque cuantitativo, nivel, descriptivo, y el tipo de estadística utilizada fue el no paramétrico, el estadístico de prueba que se usó fue el de Wilcoxon con una muestra. La población de estudio fue la cantidad de obras que se encontraban en ejecución dentro del ámbito jurisdiccional de la localidad de Juliaca, con una muestra de 30 obras elegidas por conveniencia, es decir, con características comunes en el desarrollo de sus actividades. Para la prueba de hipótesis se toma como nivel de significancia 0,05 y el valor de P es de 0,000380038, por lo tanto, se rechaza la hipótesis nula y se acepta la hipótesis alternativa. Por lo que, se concluye que el grado de peligrosidad en el sistema de seguridad y salud de los trabajadores de construcción civil es tolerable, lo que implica que no se requiere realizar acciones de mejora, salvo en algunos indicadores como en la caída de personas a distinto nivel, caída de objetos por desplome y exposición al virus Covid 19.
RELACIÓN ENTRE ESTILOS DE APRENDIZAJE Y RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO EN ESTUDIANTES DE LA ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE ODONTOLOGÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD ANDINA NÉSTOR CÁCERES VELÁSQUEZ
Authors: Castillo Monroy Admed Deivid , Castillo Monroy Danya
Published: January 2023

El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue caracterizar la relación entre los estilos de aprendizaje y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Odontología de la Universidad Andina Néstor Cáceres Velásquez-Filial, Arequipa. Se trata de una investigación no experimental, transversal, básica, siendo un estudio descriptivo analítico y de nivel relacional. Las unidades de análisis fueron todos los estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Odontología: 131 regulares del I al VI semestre que dieron su consentimiento informado, a los cuales se les aplicó el Formulario de Preguntas de Honey-Alonso de estilos de aprendizaje. El rendimiento académico se evalúo de las fichas del record académico de cada estudiante. El procesamiento y análisis de los datos se realizó a través de la estadística descriptiva e inferencial, por medio del X2. Los estilos de aprendizaje que predominaron en los estudiantes regulares son la combinación de los estilos teórico-reflexivos y el reflexivo puro. El rendimiento académico fue de regular a bueno en los estudiantes. No existe relación directa entre los estilos de aprendizaje y rendimiento académico en estudiantes regulares de la Escuela Profesional de Odontología de la Universidad Andina Néstor Cáceres Velásquez con una significancia de 0,05.
REFLEXIÓN SOBRE LAS CONSECUENCIAS JURÍDICAS SOBRE LAS SENTENCIAS PENALES DECLARADAS NULAS EN LOS JUZGADOS PENALES DE AREQUIPA
Authors: Zevallos Paredes Giovanna del Carmen , Zevallos Paredes Luis Enrique
Published: January 2023

El trabajo de investigación examina problemas esenciales de la administración de justicia, analiza las resoluciones que se expidieron dentro la Corte Superior de Arequipa en el año 2018 en materia penal, esto es, las sentencias penales que se expidieron en primera instancia, no fueron debidamente motivadas, las cuales dieron como resultado consecuencias jurídico sociales que lesionaron tanto la imagen de justicia del ordenamiento jurídico como vulneraron el debido proceso de los justiciables, que esperaron que los operadores de justicia, resuelvan las pretensiones y controversias en resoluciones debidamente fundamentadas, lo cual no ocurrió se vieron obligados a recurrir en apelación en segunda instancia a las Salas Superiores y conforme a las conclusiones que arribamos se comprobó que se vulneraron los principios fundamentales como el Debido Proceso, Defensa, Tutela, Legalidad, no hubo una justificación de dicha resoluciones, no hubo un análisis ni razones suficientes en la resolución de las sentencias, se concluyó que las resoluciones emitidas por dichos órganos de primera instancia, del análisis de 50 resoluciones esto es del 100%, dieron como resultado que 31% fueron declaradas nulas, 17% dieron como resultado que fueron revocadas, y 2% fueron confirmadas, situación que refleja un grave problema sobre motivación de sus resoluciones que ponen fin a los procesos, en los años 2017 y 2018, es necesaria regular la argumentación y /o motivación de las sentencias judiciales por los administradores de justicia en este caso por los Jueces (Derecho, 2019).
Time and Identity in Ulysses and the Odyssey
Authors: Nelson Stephanie
Published: January 2023

Time and Identity in “Ulysses” and the “Odyssey” offers a unique in-depth comparative study of two classic literary works, examining essential themes including change, the self, and humans’ dependence on and isolation from others. Stephanie Nelson shows that in these texts, both Joyce and Homer address identity by looking at the paradox of time—that people are constantly changing yet remain the same across the years. In Nelson’s analysis, both Ulysses and the Odyssey explore dichotomies such as the permanence of names and shifting of stories, independence and connection, and linear and cyclical narrative. Nelson discusses Homer’s contrast of ordinary to mythic time alongside Joyce’s contrast of “clocktime” to experienced time. She analyzes the characters Odysseus and Leopold Bloom, alienated from their previous selves; Telemachus and Stephen Dedalus, trapped by the past; and Penelope and Molly Bloom, able to recast time through weaving, storytelling, and memory. These concepts are also explored through Joyce’s radically different narrative styles and Homer’s timeless world of the gods. Nelson’s thorough knowledge of ancient Greece, Joyce, narratology, oral tradition, and translation results in a volume that speaks across literary specializations. This book makes the case that Ulysses and the Odyssey should be read together and that each work highlights and clarifies aspects of the other. As Joyce’s characters are portrayed as both flux and fixity, readers will see Homer’s hero fight his way out of myth and back into the constant changes of human existence.
Molly and Penelope, Weavers of the Wind
Authors: Nelson Stephanie
Published: January 2023

In both Ulysses and the Odyssey, the key to how different sorts of time create both our relations to others and our sense of ourselves lies in the “other” of the female, in Penelope’s and Molly Bloom’s unique approaches to time. Joyce casts Molly in this role through a contrast to Stephen, the character most the “same” to the author, while Homer deliberately leaves Penelope enigmatic, while also giving her the essential role in the restoration of Odysseus’ identity. The association of weaving, a paradigmatically feminine task, with both storytelling and memory brings out how Penelope and Molly, the latter particularly in her narrative style, are able to recast time. Finally, Penelope’s critical relation to time appears in the implicit contest that Athena wages with her (and loses) for Odysseus.
A Potential Alternative for Agar in In Vitro Culture Media Based on Hydrocolloids Present in Nopal: General Structure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Elena Sánchez-Gutiérrez Arantza , Martín Soto-Zarazúa Genaro , Toledano-Ayala Manuel , Fernando García-Trejo Juan
Published: January 2023

In Vitro culture is a technique commonly used for plant research. Nevertheless, it is more expensive than traditional methods of production, due to the use of the culture medium gelling agent called agar. Recent studies have been searching for alternative substances in raw materials with the same characteristics but which can be extracted easier than agar. The dietary fiber of the nopal cactus (Opuntia) is a rich source of hydrocolloids (pectin and mucilage). These hydrocolloids have the ability to gel in combination with the indicated solution. In this chapter, we will focus on the study of the hydrocolloids from nopal cactus to replace agar partially and/or totally as a gelling agent using in vitro culture media benefiting from the molecular structure and mechanical properties of the compounds.
Anaerobic Filters: Alternative Solution for the Treatment of Domestic Wastewater for Reuse in Vegetable Irrigation
Authors: Pitoro Valdemiro , Sánchez-Román Rodrigo , Queluz João , Da Silva Tamires , Jane Sérgio , Muniz Kevim
Published: January 2023

This chapter is the result of a research conducted in the experimental area of the Department of Rural Engineering, School of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, for 165 days, between the months of February and August 2018, with the objective to evaluate the performance of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at a pilot-scale composed of six anaerobic filters (tank-in-series), filled with gravel #1 in the treatment of domestic wastewater (DW) for agricultural reuse. The parameters were monitored was: pH, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and potassium. The results indicate that the WWTP performed satisfactorily and provided treated wastewater (TWW) with acceptable quality for agricultural reuse in irrigation of vegetable crops. It was observed that the mean concentrations of the pollutants decreased as wastewater advanced through the filters stage, presenting high removal efficiency at the 6th filter (TWW 6) than the 3rd filter (TWW 3), with statistical analysis corroborating that there are significant differences between the quality of TWW 3 and TWW 6 for most of the parameters evaluated, suggesting that the increase of the number of filters in this treatment system proposed improves the treated wastewater quality.
Intensive Production of Solanum lycopersicum in Soil and Greenhouse
Authors: García-Gaytan Víctor , Hernández-Mendoza Fanny
Published: January 2023

S. lycopersicom plants are one of the most cultivated vegetables, and their fruits are consumed worldwide. The cultivation system can be carried out in soil and hydroponics. Its cultivation in soil must be planned properly. Within this, the selection of the variety of interest, the germination, and care of these stand out. The preparation of the land, plot, or farm, the physical–chemical analysis of the soil for the application of amendments (minerals, compost, and vermicompost). The mechanism of the hydraulic irrigation system for the application of water and nutrients. The mulches system, care, and management of plants during their growth. The application of biostimulants and the frequency of fertigation. In this chapter, we will address interesting topics for the management of high tomato production in greenhouse soil.
The Role ofPseudomonas aeruginosaDsbA-1 in Bacterial Pathogenesis: Current Research and Future Prospects
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Malhotra Sonal
Published: January 2023

Disulfide bond isomerase proteins (Dsbs) have been extensively characterized in gram-negative bacteria. Recently research efforts is being placed on their biology in gram-positive species. Modern “omics” technologies, allowed assessment of the contribution of the Dsbs to bacterial pathogenesis. The author cloned and characterized the dsbA 1 protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the late 1990s. The global proteome analysis demonstrated that the dsbA gene is under the direct regulatory control of the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor AlgT(U) or sigma-22. This is unique to P. aeruginosa. Disruption of dsbA gene results in pleiotropic phenotype: defect in assembly of cysteine disulfide bond containing proteins-as shown in many others. Recently, omics-based approaches identified expression changes in dsbA gene under different physiological states of bacterial pathogens-primarily in free-living, biofilm state, or under infectious disease conditions. Involvement of dsbA function in biofilm formation was shown using dsbA gene disruption mutants. This chapter documents past and current findings and concludes with future trends in research on Dsbs including peptidomimetics.
Ankylosing Spondylitis Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology
Authors: Alexander Malini
Published: January 2023

The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is complex and remains only partially understood. Contributory genes including a variety of HLA-B27 subset genes and many other non-HLA genes are implicated in the literature. Novel genes and gene–gene interactions being a continuously evolving area of AS research. Dysregulation of the enteric microbiome with a corresponding aberrant immunological response is recognised in research. Certain infectious agents are thought to play a role. A variety of other influences including environmental exposures, dietary and lifestyle factors and sex hormones appear to play a role in AS pathogenesis. There is emerging evidence that that pathophysiological response in AS is an elaborate combination of both autoinflammatory and autoimmune components, however the IL-17/IL-23 pathway remains the major pathway in AS according to studies to date. The specific mechanisms that lead to characteristic clinical features of AS including sacroiliitis, spondylitis, ankylosis, uveitis and other extra articular manifestations remain occult. Further research to establish these is ongoing.
Assessment of Occupational Exposures in the 3D Printing: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Pavlovska Ilona , Akūlova Lāsma , Lece Anna , Martinsone Žanna , Paegle Linda , Kļaviņa Aneka , Luīze Sprūdža Klinta , Mārtiņsone Inese
Published: January 2023

3D (three-dimensional) printing technologies are widespread and rapidly evolving, creating new specific working conditions, and their importance has been highlighted by increasing publications in recent years. The report provides a compilation of current information on 3D technologies, materials, and measurements, considering the determination of the potential actual exposure dose of chemicals through airborne inhalation and dermal exposure, including workers’ exhaled breath condensate and urine data. Noninvasive assessment methods are becoming increasingly popular, as they are painless, easy to perform, and inexpensive. Investigation of biomarkers reflecting pulmonary inflammation and local and systemic oxidative stress in exhaled breath, exhaled breath condensate, and urine are among them. It is also important to consider the occupational health and safety risks associated with the use of various new materials in 3D printing, which are associated with skin irritation and sensitivity risks. Therefore, EDI (estimated daily intake) calculations for assessment of the potential occupational health risk purposes via inhalation and dermal exposure are critical in future. The assessment of occupational exposure and health risks of 3D printing processes is essential for the proper identification, control, and prevention of working conditions, also for the diagnosis and monitoring of occupational diseases among workers to improve public health and well-being in general.
Perspective Chapter: Intelligent Construction Technology of Ballastless Track for High-Speed Railway
Authors: Li Qiuyi , Li Luyao
Published: January 2023

Intelligent construction technology is the only way to realize the construction and upgrading of high-speed railways, and strongly supports the construction of smart railways. In terms of intelligent track design technology, the digital, dynamic and visual design of track is realized, which changes the way the traditional design unit provides only construction drawings. The design unit then provides digital track design results in addition to construction drawings, facilitating intelligent manufacturing, construction, operation and maintenance, etc. In terms of the intelligent construction of track slabs, the traditional track construction technology is upgraded by using the results of track intelligent design, and data from the total station, rail inspection trolley, note books and related tooling are automatically collected, controlled and adjusted. Data collection, analysis, statistics and prediction mechanism of the plate ballastless track are established to form a track intelligent construction technology of “data collection, data penetration, data sharing and openness, data tracking and tracing”. In terms of complete sets of software for track intelligent construction, a series of intelligent design, manufacturing, construction software and complete sets of intelligent construction equipment are proposed, which greatly improves the level of intelligent construction.
The Mix of Dialect and Guānhuà Elements in the Wú Folk Songs Collected in Féng Mènglóng’s Shāngē
Authors: Rǔjié Shí
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, SHÍ Rǔjié examines the mix of Wú dialect and Mandarin colloquial elements in the Shāngē 山歌 [Mountain songs], transcribed and compiled by Féng Mènglóng 馮夢龍 (1574–1646). Shāngē is a ten-chapter collection of often ribald folk songs transcribed primarily in the Wú dialect in which they were undoubtedly performed in their time. As such, the book provides a record of the Sūzhōu 蘇州 language of four centuries ago. The language used in the Shān-gē is essentially pure Wú dialect. However, this collection of songs actually contains a great deal of vocabulary and grammatical forms from Guānhuà 官話 (the Mandarin koinē, or tōng yǔ 通語 of the time), all generally mixed in with the Wú dialect forms. This underscores a realization observed when compiling A Dictionary of Wú Dialect in the Míng and Qīng Dynasties: it is well-nigh impossible to find literature that was written entirely in dialect in the pre-modern period. This chapter provides a detailed examination of identifiable Wú and Mandarin forms in the Shān-gē and considers the causes and implications of the linguistic mélange within Féng Mènglóng’s compilation.
Shining a “New Light”
Authors: Turley Alicestyne
Published: January 2023

America's First Great Awakening spread Christianity across the Blue Ridge and Allegheny Mountains into Kentucky immediately following the Revolutionary War. Religious efforts to recreate European society on the western frontier introduced slaves to Christianity, accomplished most effectively through camp revivals. The Christian message changed thinking among the enslaved and enslavers, encouraging both to view their lives in a religious "New Light." Methodist and Separate Baptist theology challenged British Calvinism by promoting salvation by free will, giving birth to a new form of American evangelism.
There Is a Balm in Gilead
Authors: Turley Alicestyne
Published: January 2023

Explores the role of African Americans and expelled white southerners in constructing and maintaining Underground Railroad escape corridors in the Kentucky "borderlands," which created national and international Underground Railroad escape corridors. This chapter also examines the impact of the Second Great Awakening on residents of Appalachia, which led to fervent antislavery opposition which resisted the nation's move toward proslavery religious messaging.
The Veteran Storytellers
Authors: Martin Travis L.
Published: January 2023

Chapter Four draws upon creative works from the non-profit Military Experience and the Arts, an organization that provides workshops, writing consultation, and publishing venues to veterans and their families. "Veteran storytellers" harness their symbolic authority, demonstrate awareness of stereotypes, and develop individualized versions of veteran identity. Examples discussed in the chapter include a Marine who tells stories of homecoming through interpretive dance, an Army veteran who teaches veterans how to transform their old uniforms into art, an author and an artist forcing their audiences to face the realities of Military Sexual Trauma (MST), and a continual return the theme of veterans and civilians talking over one another. These "veteran storytellers" escape the silencing pressures and conformity experienced by "heroes" and "wounded warriors," and they provide other veterans with examples of resilience and post-traumatic growth to model during homecoming.
The Rise of Veterans Studies
Authors: Martin Travis L.
Published: January 2023

The epilogue recaps the overarching thesis of the book, that veterans of the post-9/11 generation are limited by the prevailing "hero" / "wounded warrior" binary, a problem they're working through collectively as "storytellers." It then shifts its attention to the civilian audience of these stories. Over the past decade, higher education has seen the emergence of a new academic discipline, "Veterans Studies." The author founded the first formal program in 2010. This epilogue discusses Veterans Studies as evidence that higher education is a major site of transformation for returning veterans. Colleges and universities, in fact, are the perfect places for veterans to give testimony and educate young Americans about the experiences of war and military service. The epilogue describes an altruistic community of veteran and non-veteran scholars; it provides a chronological account of Veterans Studies academic programs spreading to schools across the country, and it also highlights research programs and publications in the field. Several stories of veteran and non-veteran students illustrate the personal growth that occurs when veterans are permitted to give testimony and non-veterans are given permission to grow and learn about military service.
The Prevalence of Social Anxiety in Children with Chronic Functional Constipation
Authors: Torabi Faeze , Hashemi Mojtaba , Zamanian Maryam , Shayganfard Mehran , Yousefichaijan Parsa
Published: January 2023

Background: Functional constipation (FC) is a common disease in children. This disease can cause many behavioral and mental problems and ultimately reduce the quality of life. Reciprocally, psychological factors can play a role in the development and persistence of FC. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of social anxiety in children with chronic FC in Arak city, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 children between 10 - 17 years with chronic FC referred to Amirkabir Hospital in Arak, Iran, which is a specialized center, were enrolled. This study was done in 2022, and the participants' disease was diagnosed based on Rome ΙV criteria. The Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SASA) was completed by children under the guidance and supervision of their parents. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 22 using the Chi-square test and independent sample T-test. Results: The participants’ mean age (SD) was 13.43 ± 1.54 years. The prevalence of social anxiety was estimated at 67.5% (95%CI: 60.6 - 73.4), of whom 70% had moderate anxiety, and 30% had severe anxiety. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of social anxiety between the age groups (P = 0.167). The prevalence of social anxiety was significantly higher in girls (74.8%) than in boys (59.8%) (P = 0.034). Also, girls showed a significantly higher prevalence of severe social anxiety than boys (P = 0.023). Conclusions: In this study, the prevalence of social anxiety was found to be considerably high in children with chronic FC. There was no significant difference between different age groups in terms of the prevalence of social anxiety; however, the prevalence and severity of this disease were significantly higher in girls than in boys.
Endurance Training with Moderate and Intense Intensity Along with the Consumption of Safflower Extract Improved the Oxidative Damage of Testicular Tissue Caused by Dexamethasone in Adult Male Rats
Authors: Nazemi Masoomeh , Fathi Rozita , Nasiri Khadijeh , Akbari Abolfazl
Published: January 2023

Background: Chronic use of dexamethasone, especially in athletes, is associated with reproductive disorders. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of high and moderate intensity endurance training along with the consumption of safflower extract on testicular oxidative damage and testosterone level in male rats treated with dexamethasone. Methods: A total of 45 male Wistar rats were divided into the controlled and treated groups. Dexamethasone was subcutaneously injected for five days at a dose of 8 mg/kg. High and moderate intensity exercises were performed for ten weeks (five days a week) at speeds of 28 and 34 m/min, respectively, on the treadmill. The safflower seed extract (500 mg/kg of the body weight) was administered daily during the training period by gavage. At the end of the given period, testicular tissue sampling was performed to measure malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, Nrf2, and testosterone levels. Results: The results showed that high and moderate intensity exercises along with the consumption of safflower seed extract (P = 0.000) as well as high intensity exercise alone (P = 0.04) caused a significant increase in Nrf2 expression in animals receiving dexamethasone compared to the dexamethasone group. No significant change was observed in the testosterone level of the dexamethasone group compared to that of the control group. However, a significant change was detected in its level in some groups treated with moderate exercise, intense exercise, and safflower extract. Conclusions: It was concluded that moderate and high intensity endurance training, along with the consumption of safflower extract, had the potential to prevent infertility caused by dexamethasone.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Transvaginal Sonography for Deeply Infiltrating Endometriosis and Pouch of Douglas Obliteration in the Presence or Absence of Ovarian Endometrioma
Authors: Sadighi Nahid , Moradi Behnaz , Gity Masoumeh , Boroujerdirad Behnaz , Davari-tanha Fateme , Daneshvar Reza , Azadbakht Javid
Published: January 2023

Background: Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases worldwide. Significant attention has been drawn to this multiorgan and often painful disorder. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the accuracy of transvaginal sonography (TVS) in the diagnosis of deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) with respect to the presence or absence of ovarian endometrioma (OE). Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on all patients undergoing TVS before gynecological laparoscopy. With pathological confirmation as the standard reference, the diagnostic accuracy of TVS for DIE and pouch of Douglas (POD) obliteration was compared with that of laparoscopy in the anterior and posterior pelvic compartments with respect to the presence or absence of OE. Agreement between TVS and laparoscopy was evaluated for each case, and Cohen’s kappa statistic was measured for each site of involvement. Moreover, sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and likelihood ratios of TVS were calculated, with laparoscopy as the reference test. Results: A total of 110 patients, with a mean age of 37.20 ± 7.16 years, were recruited in this study. The accuracy, sensitivity, and negative predictive value of TVS for the diagnosis of DIE and POD obliteration were estimated at 89.5%, 58.3%, and 88.9% in the anterior pelvic compartment and 93.3%, 92%, and 70.6% in the posterior pelvic compartment, respectively. Nevertheless, TVS showed lower sensitivity for detecting pelvic adhesions and peritoneal cysts compared to laparoscopy. The presence of OE did not significantly increase the accuracy of TVS for the diagnosis of DIE or POD obliteration (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed that TVS is an adequately accurate and non-invasive diagnostic tool for the detection and mapping of DIE and POD obliteration, regardless of the presence of OE. TVS may waive the need for exploratory laparoscopy in DIE or at least facilitate precise pre-procedural DIE mapping.
Efficacy of Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Mental Health, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Students with COVID-19 Anxiety
Authors: Bagheri Sheykhangafshe Farzin , Fathi-Ashtiani Ali , Savabi Niri Vahid , Jahani Zangir Mahlagha , Bourbour Zeynab
Published: January 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has aroused fear and anxiety in many people worldwide. Objectives: The study was conducted to measure the efficacy of internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT) for mental health, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in students with COVID-19 anxiety. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted as a pre-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the research included the students of the Tarbiat Modares University in the academic year 2021. To collect the required data, 30 students with COVID-19 anxiety were randomly allocated to control (n = 30) and experimental (n = 30) groups. The data collection tools included a questionnaire on COVID-19 anxiety, mental health, PTSD, and OCD. Following the pre-test, ICBT was implemented in eight 90-minute sessions for the experimental group. To analyze the data, SPSS software version 24 and the multivariate covariance analysis were used. Results: It was revealed that ICBT could significantly increase mental health (M = 54.26, F = 33.38) and reduce PTSD (M = 67.20, F = 30.43) and OCD (M = 116.13, F = 19.11) in students with COVID-19 anxiety (P < 0.01). Conclusions: In general, it can be acknowledged that ICBT has promoted mental health and reduced PTSD and OCD. Accordingly, it is suggested to hold workshops and virtual programs by psychologists for students with COVID-19 anxiety.