bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A single-center experience
Authors: CHEN Xin , WANG Chen , LI Shizeng , XIA Bin , WU Wenhui , YU Zhiwei , LI Mingzhe
Published: May 2023

Objective:The role of Eintraoperative joint organ removal or transit abdominal surgery recovery after surgery (ERAS) in reducing hospital stay time and perioperative hospitalization costs have been proven. However, most studies have been carried out in areas rich in medical resources. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of ERAS compared with traditional perioperative period care for laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) in areas poor in medical resources in China. Methods:A randomized controlled trial on laparoscopic cholecystectomy was conducted at The People's Hospital ofFengqing from July 2020 to March 2021. Patients were randomly divided into an ERAS group and a traditional care group. The main outcome was the length of hospital stay after surgery. The secondary outcomes included hospitalization costs and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for postoperative pain, first exhaust time, and first semi-liquid diet time after surgery. The ERAS group was provided with perioperative education, nutritional support, preoperative 2 h oral carbohydrates, restricted rehydration, intraoperative insulation, no drainage tubes, wound hemp, early mobilization postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prevention and multi-modal analgesia, early activity. Results: The study was conducted on a total of 140 patients with 70 patients each in the ERAS group and traditional care groups. In the ERAS group, Thelength of hospital stay after surgery was shorter (4.06 vs.4.61 days, P<0.05), the average hospitalization cost (CNY 7900 vs. 8470, P<0.05),and VAS score (3.10 vs. 3.57 points, compared to the eraser group P<0.001) was lower, the first exhaust time was shorter (12.2 vs. 14.2 hours, P<0.001),thefirst semi-liquid diet time after surgery was shorter(14.5 vs. 16.8 hours, P<0.001), and the incidence of major postoperative complications was lower (bile leakage, postoperative bleeding, bile duct damage) (0% vs. 12.9%, P<0.05). No significant difference in surgery time (57.8 vs. 54.6 min, P>0.05) was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Even in areas poor in medical resources in China, the use of the ERAS concept for LC surgery can reduce the length of hospital stay, cut down the cost of hospitalization, and lessen the pain of patients after surgery and accelerate postoperative recovery.
Effectiveness of Lactulose for Colonoscopy Preparation in Adults:A Meta-Analysis
Authors: SHI Weiwen , ZHANG Jiapeng , LIU Ping
Published: May 2023

Objective: To evaluate the effects of lactulose for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy in adults. Methods: By searching for literature pertaining to RCT (randomized controlled trial) of bowel preparation with lactulose in adults up to 10th of July, 2021. The experimental group utilizes lactulose oral solution as the solution of choice for bowel preparation while the control group uses the standard bowel preparation solution. Literature selection and data extraction were completed independently by 2 researchers, including literature quality control. Data analysis was completed using the software RevMan5.2. Results: 11 RCT was included for data analysis. Meta-analysis showed that the lactulose group had a lower incidence of adverse effects [OR=13.58, 95CI% (6.10, 30.24), p<0.0001] and better tolerability [OR=13.58, 95CI% (6.10,30.24), p<0.0001] when compared with the control group. However, the bowel cleanliness was statistically insignificant between the two groups [WMD=0.26，95%CI (-0.31，0.82), p=0.38]. Conclusion: according to current evidences, as a solution for bower preparation, lactulose has a lower incidence of adverse effects such as emesis or diarrhea, while effectively increasing tolerability, however it is not a superior solution for bowel preparation in terms of bowel cleanliness when compared with other standard choices. More high quality researches will be required to support its use.
Optimizing Bowel Preparation for Capsule Endoscopy and Colonoscopy: A Patient-Centered Protocol Revision and Application
Authors: YAN Haiping , LAI Linmin , CHEN Hongxian
Published: May 2023

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a modified patient experience-based bowel preparation protocol for capsule endoscopy combined with colonoscopy. Methods: A total of 262 patients who underwent capsule endoscopy combined with colonoscopy in a tertiary hospital in Zhuhai city from July to December 2021 were enrolled in this study. They were divided into the control group (n=141) and the experimental group (n=121) using the random number method. The experimental group used the modified bowel preparation protocol while the control group used the conventional preparation protocol. Post-examination indicators, including sleep quality, gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and satisfaction, were compared between the two groups. Results: The data showed that the experimental group’s preparation medication had a better taste and was effective in improving patient symptoms, such as gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, and sleep quality, compared to the control group. Moreover, both patients and nurses reported greater satisfaction with the experimental group’s bowel preparation time compared to the control group, with statistically significant differences observed (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The modified bowel preparation protocol could improve patient sleep quality, reduce adverse reactions, and increase patient comfort and satisfaction.
Research on the Effect of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Co-creation Model on Psychological Healing of Special Children
Authors: XU Mingming , JIAO Zhentao , ZHU Cheng
Published: May 2023

This article aims to explore the effect of the intangible cultural heritage co-creation model on the psychological healing of special children. Through the review and analysis of relevant literature, this paper believes that the intangible cultural heritage co-creation model has positive effects on the psychological healing of special children, and can help them relieve anxiety, enhance self-confidence, and improve social skills, etc. At the same time, this paper also analyzes the problems existing in the implementation of the intangible cultural heritage co-creation model, and proposes corresponding solutions.
The Supplement and Promotion of Online Course for Histology and Embryology Teaching
Authors: YUAN Huijie , ZHU Yonghong , DING Ying , ZHAO Wei , LI Chaohong , ZHANG Hongbo , WANG Jichang , SUN Xi , LIU Shuying , QIN Lina
Published: May 2023

Since the emergence of the novel coronavirus epidemic, online teaching has begun to be widely carried out in various universities, and has been widely recognized by teachers and students. This article discusses the online teaching method of histology and embryology in Zhongshan Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of online teaching, and proposes improvement measures for online teaching in order to provide reference for better online teaching in universities.
Construction and effect of information management platform of life science experimental teaching center
Authors: JIANG Shanfeng , DANG Kai , QIAN Airong
Published: May 2023

To give full play to lab potential and fulfill the unique feature of training talents for valuing practice and seeking innovation, an intelligent, efficient, and open information management platform has been built in the experimental teaching center of life sciences in Northwestern Polytechnical University. This study constructs an intelligent, efficient and open source information management platform. The platform is composed of five modules: comprehensive lab management system, instrument and equipment management system, reagents and consumables management system, laboratory opening platform, and laboratory teaching management system. The use of the management platform has solved the problems of miscellaneous teaching data, insufficient sharing of teaching resources, conflict of course arrangement and low lab open utilization under the traditional management mode. It also stimulates the enthusiasm and initiative of students in innovation and practice, perfects the management mechanism of making teachers play a leading role in experimental teaching, and improves the work efficiency of laboratory managers.
Double-ended output near-single-mode quasi-continuous wave monolithic fiber laser
Authors: Ding Xin-Yi , Wang Li , Zeng Ling-Fa , Wu Han-Shuo , Wang Xiao-Lin , Ning Yu , Xi Feng-Jie ,   College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China,   School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China,   Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Published: May 2023

Quasi-continuous fiber lasers have a broad application prospect in the industrial field. However, in the current research on quasi-continuous wave (QCW) fiber lasers only the single-ended output structure is used. A double-ended output fiber laser oscillator needs only one resonator to realize two laser outputs. Compared with single-ended output laser, it has a low cost, small volume and high work efficiency. It is expected to achieve higher power laser output through double-ended output beam combining. Therefore, the double-ended output QCW fiber laser is proposed and studied in this paper. The steady-state rate equation establishes a theoretical model of a QCW fiber laser oscillator with two ends, considering the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The output power, time domain and nonlinear effects of this type of laser are simulated. The results show that the overshoot effect caused by relaxation oscillation will produce a large amount of thermal deposition and ultra-high peak power in the fiber. It will reduce the nonlinear threshold and limit the increase of power of the QCW fiber laser. Prolonging the rise time of the pump can effectively suppress the relaxation oscillation and obtain a stable pulse output during the pulse duration. In addition, compared with the single-ended QCW laser, the double-ended output structure changes the energy distribution in the fiber and reduces the accumulation of nonlinear effects in the gain fiber, thus inhibiting SRS. Then, the ytterbium-doped fiber with a core/cladding diameter of 20/400 μm is used to achieve the first double-ended QCW laser output with a peak power of 3 kW. The peak power values at both ends are 1218 and 2220 W, respectively. The values of corresponding beam quality factor M2 are 1.34 and 1.27. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is about 60%. The pulse width is 100 μs, and the repetition frequency is 1 kHz. This research verifies the feasibility of high power and high beam quality output by double-ended output QCW fiber laser, which provides support for small volume, low cost, high power and high brightness QCW fiber laser. Further breakthroughs in the research and application of high-power fiber lasers are expected to be made by continually optimizing experiments, increasing pump power, and improving the laser’s output power and conversion efficiency.
Time-symmetric quantization of relativistic fields. 1. Complex fields, massless gauge fields and gravitons
Authors:   Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Zakir Zahid
Published: May 2023

In the standard formulation of quantum field theory (QFT), where there are only positive energy particles and antiparticles, the energy and charge of the vacuum diverge, which, due to the existence of gravity, leads to the inconsistency of the theory (cosmological constant problem). In the article, it is shown that in the Stueckelberg-Feynman (SF) interpretation, where antiparticles are described as negative energy particles moving backward in time, the zero-point energy and zero-point charge of vacuum of complex fields are absent and there is no cosmological constant problem. However, until now it was believed that the SF interpretation leads to negative probabilities and incompatible with QFT. In the article, it is presented a new formulation of QFT on the basis of the SF interpretation in the form of time-symmetric quantization (TSQ), where the probability of states is positive. In TSQ, the consequences of the SF interpretation are taken into account consecutively and it is shown that: a) the negative sign of the norm of states only changes the sign of the wave function, and not the probabilities; b) the expression of backward in time integrals through the forward in time integrals changes sign; c) the time ordering of the operators is symmetric in time and writing them through the usual ordering leads to the standard diagram technique. For this reason, TSQ correctly describes the known observable effects. In TSQ, the results of unification models change, in particular, a) there is no zero-point energy even with broken supersymmetry between complex fields; b) there is no zero-point energy of modes in string theories, which allows to include gravity, but there is no a conformal anomaly and the dimension of space can be arbitrary.
Metabolism in the tumor cell and beyond
Authors: Carracedo Arkaitz
Published: May 2023

The process of cellular transformation encompasses the acquisition of key and distinctive features, commonly known as hallmarks of cancer. These hallmarks are supported by tumor‐intrinsic molecular alterations, as well as changes in the microenvironment. Cellular metabolism represents one of the most intimate connections between a cell and the environment. In turn, metabolic adaptation is a research field of increasing interest in cancer biology. In this viewpoint, I will provide a panoramic perspective of the relevance and repercussions of metabolic alterations in tumors with nonexhaustive illustrative examples and I will speculate about the prospects of cancer metabolism research.
Nature‐Inspired Stalactite Nanopores for Biosensing and Energy Harvesting
Authors: Chernev Andrey , Teng Yunfei , Thakur Mukeshchand , Boureau Victor , Navratilova Lucie , Cai Nianduo , Chen Tzu‐Heng , Wen Liping , Artemov Vasily , Radenovic Aleksandra
Published: May 2023

Nature provides a wide range of self‐assembled structures from the nanoscale to the macroscale. Under the right thermodynamic conditions and with the appropriate material supply, structures like stalactites, icicles, and corals can grow. However, the natural growth process is time‐consuming. This work demonstrates a fast, nature‐inspired method for growing stalactite nanopores using heterogeneous atomic deposition of hafnium dioxide at the orifice of templated silicon nitride apertures. The stalactite nanostructures combine the benefits of reduced sensing region typically for 2‐dimensional material nanopores with the asymmetric geometry of capillaries, resulting in ionic selectivity, stability, and scalability. The proposed growing method provides an adaptable nanopore platform for basic and applied nanofluidic research, including biosensing, energy science, and filtration technologies.
NHPI/O2‐Mediated Electrochemical Intermolecular Cyclization/Dehydrogenation for the Construction of Polycyclic Quinazolinones
Authors: Liu Lei , Xu Zhenhui , Lin Jie , Zhang Zhensheng , Wu Yongzhen , Yang Pengtao , Hang Yunfei , Song Dingguo , Zhong Weihui , Ling Fei
Published: May 2023

Herein, an eco‐friendly and atom‐economical electrochemical methodology with isatins and 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines through NHPI/O2‐mediated intermolecular oxidation/annulation is disclosed, leading to a variety of polycyclic quinazolinones in 46–82% yields. This oxidative cyclization proceeded in transition metal‐ and strong oxidant‐free conditions and generated H2 and CO2 as byproducts. Additionally, late‐stage functionalization and broad substrate scope demonstrated the synthetic usefulness of this protocol.
PCSK9 Inhibitors as Adjunctive Therapies in Hypercholesterolemia: Benefits, Limitations, and Possible Alternatives
Authors: Hamad Mawieh , Muhammad Jibran Sualeh , Rah Bilal , Hasan Haydar , Taneera Jalal , Soofi Abdulsalam , Awadallah Samir
Published: May 2023

The clinical application of statins as anti‐hypercholesterolemia medications, while very beneficial, remains limited by intolerance and side effects. Statins increase the production of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which degrades low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and limits circulating LDL cholesterol (LDLC) uptake. PCSK9 also promotes cardiomyocyte and vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and vascular injury. Several PCSK9 inhibitors (evolocumab, alirocumab, and inclisiran) are highly effective at reducing plasma LDLC levels and moderately effective at protecting against cardiovascular disease. However, their long‐term use needs to take the following issues into account: i) PCSK9 deficiency leads to various pathologies like heart failure and liver steatosis, ii) PCSK9 regulates lipid homeostasis, iii) depletion of circulating PCSK9 may itself upregulate PCSK9 expression, and iv) the cost of available inhibitors is beyond the reach of most people. Therefore, the long‐term safety and affordability of PCSK9 inhibitors needs to be revisited and additional therapeutic options need to be explored.
Model predictive in vitro dissolution testing in pharmaceutical continuous manufacturing: An equivalence study
Authors: Su Qinglin , Hermant Paul , Casati Federica , Halkude Bhakti , Wu Wei , Ramnath Anjana , Dubey Atul , Born Stephen , Takizawa Bayan , Mascia Salvatore
Published: May 2023

A predictive mathematical model for tablet dissolution was developed and implemented in an end‐to‐end integrated continuous manufacturing pilot plant. The tablets were produced for immediate release with a proprietary extrusion‐molding‐coating (EMC) unit operation. Besides the mass balance of API solute in the buffer solution, the model consisted of the dissolution, diffusion, and population balance of API particles in the swollen tablet, which was mainly controlled by the swelling and erosion of the polymeric excipient matrix. An equivalence study was investigated by comparing the model prediction to the experiments that were conducted according to USP42‐NF37 General Chapter <711> Dissolution, during which the drug dose level was varied in a range from 60 to 80 wt%. Consistent equivalence was demonstrated with the similarity factor f2 > 50 for all sampled tablets. Concluding remarks and industrial perspectives on model predictive in vitro dissolution testing are provided.
Antisense Oligonucleotide Silencing Reverses Abnormal Neurochemistry in Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3 Mice
Authors: McLoughlin Hayley S. , Gundry Katherine , Rainwater Orion , Schuster Kristen H. , Wellik Isabel G. , Zalon Annie J. , Benneyworth Michael A. , Eberly Lynn E. , Öz Gülin
Published: May 2023

Objective

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most common dominantly inherited ataxia, and biomarkers are needed to noninvasively monitor disease progression and treatment response. Anti‐ATXN3 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) treatment has been shown to mitigate neuropathology and rescue motor phenotypes in SCA3 mice. Here, we investigated whether repeated ASO administration reverses brainstem and cerebellar neurochemical abnormalities by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

Methods

Symptomatic SCA3 mice received intracerebroventricular treatment of ASO or vehicle and were compared to wild‐type vehicle‐treated littermates. To quantify neurochemical changes in treated mice, longitudinal 9.4T MRS of cerebellum and brainstem was performed. Acquired magnetic resonance (MR) group means were analyzed by 2‐way analysis of variance mixed‐effects sex‐adjusted analysis with post hoc Sidak correlation for multiple comparisons. Pearson correlations were used to relate SCA3 pathology and behavior.

Results

MR spectra yielded 15 to 16 neurochemical concentrations in the cerebellum and brainstem. ASO treatment in SCA3 mice resulted in significant total choline rescue and partial reversals of taurine, glutamine, and total N‐acetylaspartate across both regions. Some ASO‐rescued neurochemicals correlated with reduction in diseased protein and nuclear ATXN3 accumulation. ASO‐corrected motor activity correlated with total choline and total N‐acetylaspartate levels early in disease.

Interpretation

SCA3 mouse cerebellar and brainstem neurochemical trends parallel those in patients with SCA3. Decreased total choline may reflect oligodendrocyte abnormalities, decreased total N‐acetylaspartate highlights neuronal health disturbances, and high glutamine may indicate gliosis. ASO treatment fully or partially reversed select neurochemical abnormalities in SCA3 mice, indicating the potential for these measures to serve as noninvasive treatment biomarkers in future SCA3 gene silencing trials. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:658–671
Purely Organic Fluorescence Afterglow: Visible‐Light‐Excitation, Inherent Mechanism, Tunable Color, and Practical Applications with Very Low Cost
Authors: Wang Jiaqiang , Yang Yujie , Li Kexin , Zhang Liyao , Li Zhen
Published: May 2023

Purely organic materials with visible light excitable fluorescence afterglow are promising for applications. Herein, fluorescence afterglow with various intensity and duration was observed on fluorescent dyes once being dispersed in polymer matrix, thanks to the slow reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC) and long delayed fluorescence lifetime (τDF) derived from the coplanar and rigid chemical structure of the dyes. To verify the mechanism, different polymers were used to tune singlet‐triplet splitting energy based on solvent effect. And commercial acriflavine (Acf) film showed blue shifted fluorescence compared to purified one, with slower kRISC (≈100 s−1) and longer τDF (0.6 s). Via energy transfer from Acf to rhodamine B, the afterglow color was further regulated, with the largest fluorescence quantum yield of 42.4 %. It was demonstrated that the materials worked on color tunable light sources, and low‐cost ($2 for 50 000 labels) anti‐counterfeit labels recognized by white light.
Side‐Chain Molecular Engineering of Triazole‐Based Donor‐Acceptor Polymeric Photocatalysts with Strong Electron Push‐Pull Interactions
Authors: Luo Zhipeng , Chen Xiaowen , Hu Yuanyuan , Chen Xiong , Lin Wei , Wu Xiaofeng , Wang Xinchen
Published: May 2023

A new series of donor‐acceptor (D‐A)‐type semiconductive polymers were generated by the integration of electron‐deficient alkyl chain anchored triazole (TA) moieties and electron‐rich pyrene units into the polymer skeleton. The polymer series demonstrated satisfactory light‐harvesting ability and suitable band gaps. In the series, polymer P‐TAME benefits from a minimized exciton binding energy, strongest D‐A interaction, and favorable hydrophilicity, affording an outstanding photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of ca. 100 μmol h−1 (10 mg polymer, AQY420 nm=8.9 %) and H2O2 production rate of ca. 190 μmol h−1 (20 mg polymer) under visible‐light irradiation, which is superior to most currently reported polymers. All polymers in the series can mediate water oxidation reactions to evolve O2. Thus, these TA‐based polymers open up a new avenue toward tailor‐made efficient photocatalysts with broad photocatalytic activities.
Magnesium(I) Reduction of Aluminum(III) Hydride Complexes: Generation of Mixed Valence Aluminum (AlI/Al0) Hydride Cluster Compounds, [Al6H8(NR3)2{Mg(β‐diketiminate)}4]**
Authors: Mullassery Sneha , Yuvaraj K. , Dange Deepak , Jones Dafydd D. L. , del Rosal Iker , Piltz Ross O. , Edwards Alison J. , Maron Laurent , Jones Cameron
Published: May 2023

Reduction of a range of amido‐ and aryloxy‐aluminum dihydride complexes, e.g. [AlH2(NR3){N(SiMe3)2}] (NR3=NMe3 or N‐methylpiperidine (NMP)), with β‐diketiminato dimagnesium(I) reagents, [{(ArNacnac)Mg}2] (ArNacnac=[HC(MeCNAr)2]−, Ar=mesityl (Mes) or 2,6‐xylyl (Xyl)), have afforded deep red mixed valence aluminum hydride cluster compounds, [Al6H8(NR3)2{Mg(ArNacnac)}4], which have an average Al oxidation state of +0.66, the lowest for any well‐defined aluminum hydride compound. In the solid‐state, the clusters are shown to have distorted octahedral Al6 cores, having zero‐valent Al axial sites and mono‐valent AlH2− equatorial units. Several novel by‐products were isolated from the reactions that gave the clusters, including the Mg−Al bonded magnesio‐aluminate complexes, [(ArNacnac)(Me3N)Mg−Al(μ‐H)3[{Mg(ArNacnac)}2(μ‐H)]]. Computational analyses of one aluminum hydride cluster revealed its Al6 core to be electronically delocalized, and to possess one unoccupied, and six occupied, skeletal molecular orbitals.
Dünne Schichten metallorganischer Gerüstverbindungen als ideale Matrizes für die Azid‐Photolyse im Vakuum
Authors: Song Jimin , Yu Xiaojuan , Nefedov Alexei , Weidler Peter G. , Grosjean Sylvian , Bräse Stefan , Wang Yuemin , Wöll Christof
Published: May 2023

Studien zu Reaktionen in Lösungen werden oft durch Lösungsmitteleffekte behindert. Zudem ist eine detaillierte Untersuchung der Kinetik auf den kleinen Temperaturbereich beschränkt, in dem das Lösungsmittel flüssig ist. Hier berichten wir über die spektroskopische in situ‐Beobachtung UV‐induzierter Reaktionen von Arylaziden in einer kristallinen Matrix im Vakuum. Die Matrizes werden durch Bindung der reaktiven Teile an ditopische Linker, die dann zu metallorganischen Gerüstverbindungen (MOFs) und oberflächenverankerten MOFs (SURMOFs) zusammengesetzt werden, gebildet. Diese porösen, kristallinen Gerüstverbindungen werden dann als Modellsysteme verwendet, um die chemischen Prozesse im Zusammenhang mit Aziden unter Ultrahochvakuum(UHV)‐Bedingungen – bei denen Lösungsmitteleffekte sicher ausgeschlossen werden können – und in einem großen Temperaturbereich zu untersuchen. Die Infrarot‐Reflexions‐Absorptions‐Spektroskopie (IRRAS) ermöglichte es uns, die Photoreaktion von Aziden in SURMOFs präzise zu überwachen. Die in situ‐IRRAS‐Daten zeigten in Verbindung mit XRD, MS und XPS, dass die Bestrahlung mit UV‐Licht zunächst zur Bildung eines Nitren‐Zwischenprodukts führt. Im zweiten Schritt findet eine intramolekulare Umlagerung statt, die ein Indoloindol‐Derivat ergibt. Diese Ergebnisse eröffnen einen neuartigen Weg für die präzise Untersuchung von chemischen Umwandlungen von Aziden. Referenzexperimente, die für lösungsmittelbeladene SURMOFs durchgeführt wurden, offenbaren eine enorme Vielfalt anderer Reaktionsschemata und unterstreichen daher den Bedarf an Modellsystemen, die unter UHV‐Bedingungen untersucht werden.
Metal‐Organic Framework Thin Films as Ideal Matrices for Azide Photolysis in Vacuum
Authors: Song Jimin , Yu Xiaojuan , Nefedov Alexei , Weidler Peter G. , Grosjean Sylvian , Bräse Stefan , Wang Yuemin , Wöll Christof
Published: May 2023

Studies on reactions in solutions are often hampered by solvent effects. In addition, detailed investigation on kinetics is limited to the small temperature regime where the solvent is liquid. Here, we report the in situ spectroscopic observation of UV‐induced photochemical reactions of aryl azides within a crystalline matrix in vacuum. The matrices are formed by attaching the reactive moieties to ditopic linkers, which are then assembled to yield metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and surface‐mounted MOFs (SURMOFs). These porous, crystalline frameworks are then used as model systems to study azide‐related chemical processes under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions, where solvent effects can be safely excluded and in a large temperature regime. Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) allowed us to monitor the photoreaction of azide in SURMOFs precisely. The in situ IRRAS data, in conjunction with XRD, MS, and XPS, reveal that illumination with UV light first leads to forming a nitrene intermediate. In the second step, an intramolecular rearrangement occurs, yielding an indoloindole derivative. These findings unveil a novel pathway for precisely studying azide‐related chemical transformations. Reference experiments carried out for solvent‐loaded SURMOFs reveal a huge diversity of other reaction schemes, thus highlighting the need for model systems studied under UHV conditions.
Disparities in cancer care among sexual and gender minority adolescent and young adult patients: A scoping review
Authors: Cheung Christabel K. , Lee Haelim , Levin Nina Jackson , Choi Eunju , Ross Valentina A. , Geng Yimin , Thomas Bria N. , Roth Michael E.
Published: May 2023

Background

Adolescent and young adult cancer patients (AYAs) who are sexual and gender minorities (SGM) are a rapidly increasing population that experiences unmet cancer‐related needs. Despite emerging awareness, little is known about cancer care and outcomes for this vulnerable population. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore current knowledge and gaps in the literature on cancer care and outcomes for AYAs who identify as SGM.

Methods

We reviewed empirical knowledge on SGM AYAs by identifying, describing, and critically appraising the literature to date. We conducted a comprehensive search on OVID MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL in February 2022. Additionally, we developed and piloted a conceptual framework for appraising SGM AYA research.

Results

A total of 37 articles were included in the final review. Most studies focused exclusively on SGM‐related outcomes as the primary aim of the study (81.1%, n = 30), whereas others included some focus on SGM‐related outcomes (18.9%, n = 7). The majority of studies included AYAs as part of a broader age range (86.0%, n = 32), and only a few studies examined exclusively AYA samples (14.0%, n = 5). Gaps in scientific evidence on SGM AYAs were seen across the cancer care continuum.

Conclusion

Numerous gaps in knowledge of cancer care and outcomes exist for SGM AYAs diagnosed with cancer. Future efforts should fill this void with high‐quality empirical studies that reveal unknown disparities in care and outcomes and are inclusive of the intersectionality of SGM AYAs with other minoritized experiences, thereby advancing health equity in meaningful ways.
Comparative Study on Biological Activities and Chemical Profiling of Mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel.) Cultured on Lignocellulosic Agro Wastes
Authors: Hisam Zamakshshari Nor , Adewale Ahmed Idris , Nazil Afiq Nasharuddin Muhammad , Syahira Zaharudin Nurul , Mohd Hashim Najihah , Othman Rozana
Published: May 2023

The relevance of the lignocellulosic substrate in the cultivation of mushrooms has lent support to the exploration of several lignocellulosic agro wastes. This study was, thus, aimed at the evaluation of durian peel as an alternative substrate for more sustainable mushroom cultivation and climate change mitigation. The secondary metabolites and biological activities of both aqueous and organic mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel.) extract cultured on durian peel and rubberwood sawdust substrate were compared using GCMS, LCMS as well as various biological assays (cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities). Mushroom extracts from durian peel substrates possess remarkable biological activities. The results showed that the aqueous extracts had poor antimicrobial activities. The organic extracts were more active against cancer cells than the aqueous extracts, while the aqueous extracts were more potent as antioxidants than the organic extracts. Overall, the mushroom extract from the durian substrate was the most effective except against A549 and SW948, while the aqueous extract from the durian substrate was the most effective against the A549 cancer cell lines with 29.53±2.39 % inhibition. On the other hand, the organic mushroom extract from the sawdust substrate was the most effective against SW948 with 60.24±2.45 % inhibition. Further studies, however, are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of P. pulmonarius extracts against cancer cell proliferation and the effect of the substrates on the nutritional composition, secondary metabolites, and other biological activities of P. pulmonarius extracts.
Salvia officinalis L. Methanolic Extract Reduces Lead and Nicotine‐Induced Sperm Quality Degeneration in Male Rats
Authors: Ammar Aldaddou Wael , Aljohani Abdullah S. M. , Adewale Ahmed Idris , Al‐Wabel Naser A. , El‐Ashmawy Ibrahim M.
Published: May 2023

Most heavy metals and industrial chemicals such as nicotine and lead cause harm to the reproduction process through a decrease in sperm motility, fertilization process, and sperm binding to the oocyte. Salvia officinalis L. (sage) has been reported to enhance serum testosterone levels and other certain biochemical enzymes. Thus, the current study is aimed at evaluating the potential health benefits of S. officinalis L. methanol extract on lead and nicotine hydrogen tartrate‐induced sperm quality degeneration in male rats and also identifying some of the non‐polar volatile bioactive compounds that might be attributed to the bioactivity of S. officinalis extract using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In the study, fifty‐four mature male albino rats of about 220–250 g [were divided randomly and equally into 9 groups (n=6)]. Sperm quality degeneration was induced through the oral administration of 1.5 g/L of lead acetate in drinking water or peritoneal injection of 0.50 mg/kg (animal weight) nicotine hydrogen tartrate for sixty days. Two doses (200 & 400 mg/kg b.w.) of S. officinalis L. were used. The rats were anesthetized after the experimental period and then sacrificed. Blood samples were collected while the epididymis, testicle, and accessory sex organs (prostates and seminal vesical) were taken for histopathological studies. Twelve major compounds were identified through the GC/MS analysis of S. officinalis L. methanol extract. Lead and nicotine toxicity had a great effect on the rats’ sperm quality causing a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the quantity of sperm and sperm motility as well as an upsurge in the abnormalities of the sperm and a reduction in the length & diameter of seminiferous tubules and size & weight of sexual organs (accessory sex glands, epididymis, and testis). The administration of S. officinalis L. methanol extract, however, had a positive impact on the sexual organ weights, semen quality & quantity, and rats’ fertility, thus, ameliorating the adversative effects of both lead and nicotine. Further evaluation and isolation of the bioactive components are recommended as potential drug leads.
Utility of optical coherence tomography in acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Karimi Galougahi Keyvan , Dakroub Ali , Chau Karen , Mathew Rony , Mullasari Ajit , Singh Balbir , Sengottuvelu Gunasekaran , Maehara Akiko , Mintz Gary , Jeremias Allen , Shlofmitz Evan , West Nick E. J. , Shlofmitz Richard , Ali Ziad A.
Published: May 2023

Studies utilizing intravascular imaging have replicated the findings of histopathological studies, identifying the most common substrates for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) as plaque rupture, erosion, and calcified nodule, with spontaneous coronary artery dissection, coronary artery spasm, and coronary embolism constituting the less common etiologies. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data from clinical studies that have used high‐resolution intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess culprit plaque morphology in ACS. In addition, we discuss the utility of intravascular OCT for effective treatment of patients presenting with ACS, including the possibility of culprit lesion‐based treatment by percutaneous coronary intervention.
Congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) requiring treatment as the presenting feature of Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Souabni Saloua Ait , Harvengt Antoine , Legat Camille , Lysy Philippe A.
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Kabuki syndrome is a congenital condition characterized by a set of facial dysmorphic features that often help the clinician to suspect the diagnosis. However, more insidious symptoms can rarely occur, such as manifestations of hypoglycemia in newborns with congenital hyperinsulinism hypoglycemia, especially when a variant of the KDM6A gene is found. In those cases, a treatment with diazoxide can be started and can be replaced with lanreotide if a satisfying glycemic control is not achieved. We report the case of a female patient born at 37 weeks of gestational age, without any obvious facial dysmorphic features, after a non‐complicated pregnancy, that presented with feeding difficulties, drowsiness, and irritability revealing a hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Further testing at 6 months old found a KDM6A mutation. The patient was initially treated by diazoxide alone, but its dosage had to be lowered because of the occurrence of treatment side effects, and lanreotide had been added to maintain acceptable blood sugar levels. A congenital hyperinsulinemia hypoglycemia revealed heterozygous truncating variant in the KDM6A gene, also known as X‐linked Kabuki syndrome in a newborn. In cases of neonatal hypoglycemia, the first‐line therapy is diazoxide. Our report shows that analogues of somatostatin such as lanreotide should be considered if the diazoxide regimen is not tolerated.
The role of therapy in the outcome of patients with myelofibrosis
Authors: Masarova Lucia , Bose Prithviraj , Pemmaraju Naveen , Daver Naval G. , Sasaki Koji , Chifotides Helen T. , Zhou Lingsha , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Estrov Zeev , Verstovsek Srdan
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

The treatment of patients with myelofibrosis (MF) has evolved in the past decade, as reflected in an increased use of various therapeutic agents that could potentially impact patient outcomes.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, the authors evaluated the pattern of therapy and its possible impact on the survival of patients with MF at their institution. Patients (n = 802) with newly diagnosed, chronic, overt MF (MF fibrosis grade ≥2, <10% blasts) seen at their cancer center between 2000 and 2020 were included.

RESULTS

Overall, 492 of the included patients (61%) initiated MF‐directed therapy during follow‐up. The most frequent initial therapy was the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib (44% of treated patients), investigational agents excluding JAK inhibitors (21%), immunomodulatory agents (18%), other investigational JAK inhibitors (10%), and others (7%). Overall survival was superior for patients who received initial ruxolitinib therapy, with a median survival of 72 months versus approximately 50 months for the remaining approaches, excluding the last group. Thirty‐two percent of patients required subsequent therapy (n = 159). The longest survival since the start of second‐line therapy was observed in patients who initiated salvage ruxolitinib (median, 35 months; 95% CI, 25–45 months).

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated improved outcomes of patients with MF who received treatment with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib.
Ammonia Synthesis over Fe‐Supported Catalysts Mediated by Face‐Sharing Nitrogen Sites in BaTiO3−xNy Oxynitride
Authors: Miyazaki Masayoshi , Ikejima Keisuke , Ogasawara Kiya , Kitano Masaaki , Hosono Hideo
Published: May 2023

Nitride and hydride materials have been proposed as active supports for the loading of transition metal catalysts in thermal catalytic ammonia synthesis. However, the contribution of nitrogen or hydride anions in the support to the catalytic activity for supported transition‐metal catalysts is not well understood, especially for Fe‐based catalysts. Here, we report that hexagonal‐BaTiO3−xNy with nitrogen vacancies at face‐sharing sites acts as a more efficient support for Fe catalysts for ammonia synthesis than BaTiO3 or BaTiO3−xHx at 260 °C to 400 °C. Isotopic experiments, in situ measurements, and a small inverse isotopic effect in ammonia synthesis have revealed that nitrogen molecules are activated at nitrogen vacancies formed at the interface between Fe nanoparticles and the support. Nitrogen vacancies on BaTiO3−xNy can promote the activity of Fe and Ni catalysts, while electron donation and suppression of hydrogen poisoning by BaTiO3−xHx are significant in the Ru and Co systems.
An intelligent cascaded fuzzy‐lead‐lag‐based damping control scheme incorporating variable frequency transformer and superconducting magnetic energy storage in multimachine power system
Authors: Mushtaq Basit , Mufti Mairaj‐ud‐din
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates the potential capability of recently proposed flexible power transmisssion device, namely, variable frequency transformer (VFT), to effectively mitigate low‐frequency oscillations (LFOs). VFT with a high rotational inertia has an inherent natural damping capacity that may be utilized to attenuate power system oscillations. To provide additional system damping, a comprehensive approach is presented, which integrates the coordination of VFT with superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). An intelligently designed novel cascaded lead‐lag fuzzy logic controller (CLLFLC) utilizing a global stabilizing control signal constitutes the supervisory controller for VFT and SMES. The stabilizing feedback signal that contains information about overall system dynamics can be easily obtained through wide area measurement systems (WAMS) and is determined using participation factor (PF) analysis. In addition, a newly developed optimization technique known asK‐means optimizer (KO) is used for optimizing CLLFLC parameters utilized for the carefully orchestrated operation of VFT and SMES. Numerous simulation studies are conducted on two‐area multigenerator interconnected network to validate the resilience of the suggested approach. The findings demonstrate that the proposed control strategy with optimized gain parameters efficaciously damped the LFOs. To show the superior damping effectiveness of the suggested KO‐CLLFLC controller, a comparative performance evaluation with a damping controller designed on residue approach was also undertaken.
Identification of a novel gene expression signature as prognostic biomarker for human papillomavirus negative head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Huang Ying , Shen Rongfang , Feng Lin , Liu Jie
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are heterogeneous and complex malignancies. The present study aimed to explore potential molecular classifications and establish promising prognostic candidate biomarkers for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative HNSCC.

Methods

We performed unsupervised clustering in HPV‐negative patients from the TCGA‐HNSCC database and identified molecular subclusters based on HNSCC prognosis. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis was used to identify cluster‐related gene modules and identify reliable candidate genes. Biomarker signature was established from these candidate genes via 10‐fold cross validation in a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) cohort and four external Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) validation cohorts.

Results

We identified three molecular subclusters (C1–C3), and tumour microenvironment and survival evaluation results showed that C3 had high immune cell infiltration and better prognosis. However, C1 and C2 had low immune cell infiltration, and C1 had a worse survival outcome. A 20‐gene signature was established from the input candidate genes via 10‐fold cross validation in the LASSO Cox regression model. The signature was first validated in a training cohort, followed by a testing cohort and the entire cohort. A total of 347 patients from four external GEO validation cohorts indicated great performance of the signature in predicting outcomes.

Conclusion

Compared with HPV‐positive patients, those with HPV‐negative HNSCC had an immunosuppressed tumour microenvironment. The 20‐gene signature was developed based on the characteristic unsupervised clustering molecular subclusters to predict survival outcomes in patients with HPV‐negative HNSCC.
The heterogeneity and drug resistance of malignant cells and intercellular communication of microenvironment in osteosarcoma: Based on single‐cell analysis
Authors: Ma Haonan , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhao Jiayi , Wang Jiayi , Li Qian , Liang Jinrong , Ding Xiaomin , Zhang Yawen , Zhou Yan , Hu Haiyan
Published: May 2023

Background

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a prevalent bone cancer characterized by its aggressive nature, which often metastasizes to the lungs and contributes to a poor prognosis. Treatment progress has been hindered by drug resistance, distant metastases, and significant patient heterogeneity. However, recent advancements in technologies such as sequencing and multi‐omics have enabled more in‐depth investigations at the micro level.

Aim

By undertaking a critical analysis of related studies, the present work intends to provide an overview of the microenvironmental features of osteosarcoma discovered through single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analysis. The articles included in this review were from several medical and health databases.

Results and discussion

We also discuss drug resistance traits, taking into account the heterogeneity of OS cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This includes inherent and acquired resistance in both pre‐ and post‐chemotherapy osteosarcoma, as well as the close association between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and drug resistance. Additionally, we examine the intercellular communication between OS cells and other cell types, as revealed by both traditional and single‐cell studies, and suggest several promising therapeutic targets.

Conclusion

Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) provides a detailed view of the tumor microenvironment, revealing intercellular communication between osteosarcoma cells and other cells, and aiding in the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
Design, synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation of novel phthalazinone‐based derivatives as promising acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ezzat Manal Abdel Fattah , Abdelhamid Sara Mohamed , Fouad Marwa A. , Abdel‐Aziz Hatem A. , Allam Heba Abdelrasheed
Published: May 2023

Twenty novel phthalazinone‐based compounds were designed as acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) inhibitors. Compounds 7e and 17c demonstrated comparable or superior activity compared to donepezil, respectively, in in vitro enzyme assay. Moreover, both compounds 7e and 17c possess minimal toxicity on hepatic and neuroblastoma cell lines. Besides, it was proved that compounds 7e and 17c have percentage alternations and a transfer latency time comparable to donepezil and can alleviate the cognitive impairment caused by the scopolamine‐induced model in mice. The kinetic analysis for compound 17c suggested this compound as a mixed‐type inhibitor that could bind to both the peripheral (PAS) and the catalytic site (CAS) of the hAChE enzyme. The synthesized molecules were subjected to in silico analyses, including molecular docking studies, and the outcomes were consistent with the in vitro findings.