bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and acceptability of once- versus twice-daily lamivudine and abacavir in HIV type-1-infected Ugandan children in the ARROW Trial
Authors:   the ARROW Trial team, Musiime Victor , Kendall Lindsay , Bakeera-Kitaka Sabrina , Snowden Wendy B , Odongo Florence , Thomason Margaret , Musoke Philippa , Adkison Kimberly , Burger David , Mugyenyi Peter , Kekitiinwa Adeodata , Gibb Diana M , Walker A Sarah
Published: November 2010

Background

No data on once-daily dosing of nucleoside analogues in African children currently exist. We compared the pharmacokinetics (PK) of once- versus twice-daily lamivudine and abacavir treatment using the World Health Organization recommended weight band dosing of scored adult tablets.

Methods

HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-infected Ugandan children aged 3–12 years receiving antiretroviral therapy that included lamivudine and abacavir twice daily (total 150+300 mg, 225+450 mg and 225/300+600 mg daily for 12–<20, 20–<25 and ≥25 kg, respectively) were enrolled in a crossover study. Plasma PK sampling (at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h after observed morning intake) was performed for the twice-daily regimen at steady-state. Children were then switched to once-daily treatment with PK sampling repeated 4 weeks later (with an additional 24 h sample). Acceptability questionnaires were completed at both time points. Daily area under the curve (AUC0–24) and maximum concentrations (Cmax) were compared by geometric mean ratios (GMRs).

Results

A total of 41 HIV-1-infected children (median age of 7 years) and n=23, n=14 and n=4 in 12–<20, 20–<25 and ≥25 kg weight bands, respectively, were enrolled. Mean AUC0–24 was 13.0 and 12.0 mg•h/l for once- and twice-daily lamivudine (GMR 1.09, 90% confidence intervals [CI] 0.98–1.20) and 15.3 and 15.6 mg•h/l for once- and twice-daily abacavir (GMR 0.98, 90% CI 0.89–1.08), respectively, with no difference in 3–6 versus 7–12 year olds. Cmax was 76% (lamivudine) and 64% (abacavir) higher on once-daily regimens. For both children and caregivers, once-daily dosing of lamivudine plus abacavir was highly acceptable and strongly preferred over twice-daily.

Conclusions

In children aged 3–12 years, AUC0–24 of lamivudine and abacavir were bioequivalent on once-and twice-daily regimens. Once-daily dosing of abacavir and lamivudine could provide an alternative dosing strategy for HIV-1-infected children, with high acceptability and strong preference suggesting the potential for improved adherence.
Direct drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against primary anti-TB drugs in northern India
Authors: Gupta Anamika , Anupurba Shampa
Published: November 2010

Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate a rapid and inexpensive colorimetric nitrate reductase assay (NRA) performed directly on sputum specimens for detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Methodology: A total of 55 sputum samples were decontaminated and processed by modified Petroff's method.  A part of the resulting suspension was used to perform direct NRA (DNRA) and direct proportion method (DPM) analysis. Of the 55 samples, 45 could be used to compare the two methods. Indirect drug sensitivity testing (DST) was also done for 14 MTB strains. Results: Excellent agreement was found between DNRA and DPM testing with κ values of 1, 0.91, 0.91, and 1 for RIF, INH, STR and EMB respectively. The sensitivities and specificities of DNRA compared to that of DPM were observed to be 100 and 100%, 100 and 93%, 95 and 96%, 100 and 100 % for RIF, INH, STR, and EMB respectively. Comparing the results of DNRA, DPM and indirect NRA with those of the gold standard indirect PM for 14 MTB strains showed that sensitivities, specificities and percent agreements were 100, 100 and 100% for all four tested drugs. Results for most of the specimens (55.6%) were available in 21 days with DNRA. Conclusions: We have saved valuable time by omitting the pre-isolation step and conclude that DNRA is a rapid, accurate and inexpensive method for direct DST of MTB and may become an appropriate alternative method for the resource limited settings.
History, Current Issues and Future of the Brazilian Network for Attending and Studying Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV Coinfection
Authors: Ramos Júnior Alberto Novaes , Correia Dalmo , Almeida Eros Antônio , Shikanai-Yasuda Maria Aparecida
Published: November 2010

Introduction: In countries with endemic Chagas disease, coinfection involving Trypanosoma cruzi and HIV is expected to become more frequent. There is a clear need to structure a comprehensive care network aimed at dealing with this situation, with mobilization going from primary care to care at the highest level of technological complexity. The objective of this study was to describe the Brazilian response to the challenges of Chagas disease: the history, current issues, and future of the Brazilian Network for attending and studying T. cruzi/HIV coinfection. Methodology: This descriptive study reviewed technical documents relating to the basis and structuring process of the Brazilian network for attending and studying T. cruzi/HIV coinfection. Results: The process of setting up the network was marked by technical and political debates in technical-scientific meetings going back to the 1990s. This process made it possible to expand and focus on different aspects of comprehensive care for Chagas disease in Brazil, regardless of the associated immunosuppressive conditions. These meetings produced a structure of national technical guidelines and standards, health care and research protocols and research priorities, along with mobilization and awareness-raising among HIV/AIDS reference centers regarding occurrences of coinfection. Conclusions: The creation of the Brazilian network was a milestone for the country in terms of integration of control programs, with the reference point of quality of care and comprehensiveness. The possibility of extending this network to form a Latin American network is seen as a strategy for dealing more effectively with this condition.
Epidemiology and risk factors for ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: a case control study
Authors: Demirdag Kutbettin , Hosoglu Salih
Published: November 2010

Introduction: Increased production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) has become an important issue for treatment of severe Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) infections. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors of infection from ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (ESBL-KP). Methodology: Risk factors were evaluated using a retrospective case control design. Fifty-two patients admitted to Firat University Hospital (FUH) with invasive infections from ESBL-KP were employed as cases. Patients admitted to FUH with non-ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae invasive infection were chosen as controls. Potential risk factors of the cases and controls were evaluated using hospital charts. Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to show the relatedness of ESBL-KP strains. Results: In univariate analysis, the following factors were found significant for ESBL-KP: pre-infection hospital stay, nosocomial origin, central venous catheterization, surgical intervention, antibiotic use longer than one week, and previous hospitalization. In contrast, stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that two variables, previous antibiotic use (p = 0.000) and surgical intervention (p = 0.006), remained significantly associated with risk for infection with an ESBL-KP. Molecular epidemiology identified several clusters among the ESBL-producing isolates. Conclusions: Antibiotic use and surgical intervention were significant associated factors for infections with ESBL-KP.
Ageing tests study on wood-based sandwich panels
Authors: Mateo Raquel , Cabrero Juan Carlos , Hermoso Eva , Chillón José María
Published: November 2010

Composite lightweight wood panels are being increasingly used in construction in Spain. Their growing use should be accompanied by necessary guarantees based on studies of their properties. As it is prescriptive and in addition to others tests, in the present work is examinated the durability of these panels when exposed to the climatic conditions, a characteristic of great importance for wood products, according to Guide ETAG 016, the current standard defining the ageing tests to be used. However, due to the use class of this material, there are indications that the testing outlined in this Guide is inappropriate for assessing the ageing of wood-based sandwich panels. Alternative tests are here proposed that recreate rather better the real conditions under which these products are used. Covering the samples in a waterproof sheeting permeable to the outward movement of water vapour, which is in fact used in the installation, provided the best procedure for testing these panels.
Local geophysical investigation in the surroundings of the new German Regional Seismic Network station Heukewalde in Thuringia, Germany
Authors: Jahr T. , Naujoks M.
Published: November 2010

In 2008, the Institute of Geosciences Jena installed a new seismic station about 20 km south‐east of Gera, close to Heukewalde in Thuringia, Germany. This station is embedded in the Thuringia Seismological Network (TSN) and in the German Regional Seismic Network (GRSN). The area around Heukewalde (approximately 1 km2) was investigated by local geophysical measurements. The priority objective of these studies was to answer the question about the quality of the new seismic station location regarding the geophysical and geological situation. The Bouguer anomaly shows amplitudes of 1.25 mGal (= 1.25·10‐5 m/s2) at maximum, the magnetic total intensity yields approximately 50 nT and the electromagnetic investigation shows a conductivity up to 85 mS/m. The local anomaly patterns and their interpretation are strongly correlated and in high agreement with geological information. According to this the station Heukewalde is placed directly at a north‐south striking fault zone. The area west of this zone consists of Silurian grapholite and siliceous schist, covered by drift clay. The eastern part is characterized by Rotliegend conglomerates. Additionally, Devonian titanic iron ore diabases are outcropped at the fault zone, which is also reflected by significant signatures in the anomaly fields. The resulting anomalies of the different geophysical methods and additional results of geoelectrical investigations confirm the main statements of the existing but very old geological map. Here we show that the location of the new station should be discussed critically from a seismological point of view, because the geological situation close to the station is very heterogeneous.
Chemoattractant-Induced Signaling via the Ras–ERK and PI3K–Akt Networks, along with Leukotriene C4 Release, Is Dependent on the Tyrosine Kinase Lyn in IL-5– and IL-3–Primed Human Blood Eosinophils
Authors: Zhu Yiming , Bertics Paul J.
Published: November 2010

Human blood eosinophils exhibit a hyperactive phenotype in response to chemotactic factors after cell “priming” with IL-5 family cytokines. Earlier work has identified ERK1/2 as molecular markers for IL-5 priming, and in this article, we show that IL-3, a member of the IL-5 family, also augments fMLP-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in primary eosinophils. Besides ERK1/2, we also observed an enhancement of chemotactic factor-induced Akt phosphorylation after IL-5 priming of human blood eosinophils. Administration of a peptide antagonist that targets the Src family member Lyn before cytokine (IL-5/IL-3) priming of blood eosinophils inhibited the synergistic increase of fMLP-induced activation of Ras, ERK1/2 and Akt, as well as the release of the proinflammatory factor leukotriene C4. In this study, we also examined a human eosinophil-like cell line HL-60 clone-15 and observed that these cells exhibited significant surface expression of IL-3Rs and GM-CSFRs, as well as ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to the addition of IL-5 family cytokines or the chemotactic factors fMLP, CCL5, and CCL11. Consistent with the surface profile of IL-5 family receptors, HL-60 clone-15 recapitulated the enhanced fMLP-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation observed in primary blood eosinophils after priming with IL-3/GM-CSF, and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Lyn expression completely abolished the synergistic effects of IL-3 priming on fMLP-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Altogether, our data demonstrate a central role for Lyn in the mechanisms of IL-5 family priming and suggest that Lyn contributes to the upregulation of the Ras–ERK1/2 and PI3K–Akt cascades, as well as the increased leukotriene C4 release observed in response to fMLP in “primed” eosinophils.
A Small-Molecule Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Antagonist Protects against Glomerulonephritis in Lupus-Prone NZB/NZW F1 and MRL/lprMice
Authors: Leng Lin , Chen Liang , Fan Juan , Greven Dorothee , Arjona Alvaro , Du Xin , Austin David , Kashgarian Michael , Yin Zhinan , Huang Xiao R. , Lan Hui Y. , Lolis Elias , Nikolic-Paterson David , Bucala Richard
Published: November 2010

Autoimmunity leads to the activation of innate effector pathways, proinflammatory cytokine production, and end-organ injury. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an upstream activator of the innate response that mediates the recruitment and retention of monocytes via CD74 and associated chemokine receptors, and it has a role in the maintenance of B lymphocytes. High-expression MIF alleles also are associated with end-organ damage in different autoimmune diseases. We assessed the therapeutic efficacy of (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO-1), an orally bioavailable MIF antagonist, in two distinct models of systemic lupus erythematosus: the NZB/NZW F1 and the MRL/lpr mouse strains. ISO-1, like anti-MIF, inhibited the interaction between MIF and its receptor, CD74, and in each model of disease, it reduced functional and histological indices of glomerulonephritis, CD74+ and CXCR4+ leukocyte recruitment, and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression. Neither autoantibody production nor T and B cell activation were significantly affected, pointing to the specificity of MIF antagonism in reducing excessive proinflammatory responses. These data highlight the feasibility of targeting the MIF–MIF receptor interaction by small-molecule antagonism and support the therapeutic value of downregulating MIF-dependent pathways of tissue damage in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Ectopic Gene Conversions in the Genome of Ten Hemiascomycete Yeast Species
Authors: Morris Robert T. , Drouin Guy
Published: November 2010

We characterized ectopic gene conversions in the genome of ten hemiascomycete yeast species. Of the ten species, three diverged prior to the whole genome duplication (WGD) event present in the yeast lineage and seven diverged after it. We analyzed gene conversions from three separate datasets: paralogs from the three pre-WGD species, paralogs from the seven post-WGD species, and common ohnologs from the seven post-WGD species. Gene conversions have similar lengths and frequency and occur between sequences having similar degrees of divergence, in paralogs from pre- and post-WGD species. However, the sequences of ohnologs are both more divergent and less frequently converted than those of paralogs. This likely reflects the fact that ohnologs are more often found on different chromosomes and are evolving under stronger selective pressures than paralogs. Our results also show that ectopic gene conversions tend to occur more frequently between closely linked genes. They also suggest that the mechanisms responsible for the loss of introns inS. cerevisiaeare probably also involved in the gene 3'-end gene conversion bias observed between the paralogs of this species.
HIV INFECTION, ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
Authors: De Gaetano Donati Katleen , Cauda Roberto , Iacoviello Licia
Published: November 2010

In the last 15 years, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has determined a dramatic reduction of both morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects, transforming this infection in a chronic and manageable disease. Patients surviving with HIV in the developed world, in larger number men,  are becoming aged. As it would be expected for a population of comparable age, many HIV-infected individuals report a family history of cardiovascular disease, a small proportion have already experienced a cardiovascular event and an increasing proportion has diabetes mellitus. Smoking rate is very high while an increasing proportion of HIV-infected individuals have dyslipidaemia. Studies suggest that these traditional risk factors could play an important  role in the development of cardiovascular disease in these patients as they do in the general population. Thus, whilst the predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risk remains relatively low at present, it will likely increase in relation to the progressive aging of  this patient population. Thus, the long-term follow-up of HIV infected patients has to include co-morbidity management such as cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. Two intriguing aspects related to the cardiovascular risk in patients with HIV infection are the matter of current investigation: 1) while these subjects share many cardiovascular risk factors with the general population, HIV infection itself increases cardiovascular risk; 2) some HAART regimens too influence atherosclerotic profile, partly due to lipid changes. Although the mechanisms involved in the development of cardiovascular complications in HIV-infected patients remain to be fully elucidated, treatment guidelines recommending interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in these individuals are already available; however, their application is still limited.
Geology and mineral deposits of Alert bay and Cape Scott map-areas, Vancouver island, British Columbia
Authors: Muller J E , Northcote K E , Carlisle D
Published: November 2010

Alert Bay - Cape Scott map-area is underlain mainly by a Middle Triassic to Lower Jurassic volcanic-sedimentary sequence of the Vancouver Group. The oldest rocks in this group are argillites with thick diabase sills. They are successively overlain be (oceanic?)
pillow-basalts, basaltic breccia, and lava. These are succeeded by Upper Triassic carbonate-clastic sediments and Lower Jurassic andesitic to rhyodacitic volcanics with minor sediments. This complex overlies Pennsylvanian carbonate-clastic sediments and, outside the map-area, older low-grade
metamorphic intermediate volcanic rocks. Granitic rocks range from gabbro to quartz monzonite. Gneissic, agmatitic quartz diorite of the Crystalline complex may have been derived from Paleozoic volcanic rocks and are considered katazonal. The large batholiths of quartz diorite, granodiorite and
quartz monzonite are mesozonal; small stocks and dykes of granodiorite, quartz monzonite and quartz feldspar porphyry are epizonal. They were intruded in Early to Middle Jurassic time and are probably directly related to Jurassic volcanism. The eroded volcanic-plutonic complex is overlain on the
west by a clastic wedge of Lower Cretaceous, marine to deltaic clastic sediments, on the east by a wedge of similar Upper Cretaceous sediments, and again on the west by a wedge of young-Tertiary clastic sediments, only present on the continental shelf. At least one small pluton of quartz diorite was
emplaced in the early Tertiary and locally volcanism occured in late Tertiary time. The region is fractured severely by steep faults, with dominant northwest trend dividing and subdividing the crust in numerous tilted blocks. Most important metalliferous deposits are those of copper and molybdenum,
related to Jurassic (subvolcanic) high-level intrusions and those of copper and iron related to skarn at the contact of Triassic carbonate and granitic rocks. Coal has been prospected in Lower Cretaceous beds and has been mined with little success in Upper Cretaceous
sediments.
Surface and subsurface geology of the Ontaratue river, Travaillant lake and Cannot Lake map-areas, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories
Authors: Cook D G , Aitken J D
Published: November 2010

The exposed stratigraphic succession in the three NTS map-areas (106J, 106-0, and 106P) consists of Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian, and Lower Cretaceous strata. Older rocks down to and including Proterozoic strata have been encountered in exploratory wells. The
total succession is interrupted by at least five unconformities , the most pronounced of which is the sub-Cretaceous unconformity. Relief on the sub-Cretaceous surface appears to be primarily paleotopographic with some structural modification. Local folding and faulting affected Devonian strata and
apparently pre-dated Cretaceous strata. Broader, more regional structures appear to be in part older and in part younger than Cretaceous rocks. Among the engineering problems expected within t he map-areas are those which would result from the tendency of several formations to undergo gravity
slumping, and also the sparse distribution of rocks suitable for riprap. Although it is possible that base metals exist in the report-area, the greatest economic potential is for oil and gas.
Reconnaissance Vegetation Studies On western Victoria Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Authors: Edlund S A
Published: November 2010

Reconnaissance observations of the flora and plant communities of western Victoria Island suggest that surficial materials strongly influence the flora. The widespread calcareous glacial deposits support a variety of calciphilous plant communities and flora. All
three broad arctic ecosystems (Low, Mid, and High Arctic) occur on western Victoria Island. The Low Arctic ecosystem is the most extensive, occurring along the southwest coast of Prince Albert Peninsula, coastal areas of Diamond Jenness Peninsula and up Kuujjua River valley, and most of Wollaston
Peninsula; dwarf shrubs dominate most plant communities and vegetation cover is nearly continuous. The High Arctic ecosystem is restricted to northern Victoria Island and to areas above 500 m in Shaler Mountains and parts of Diamond Jenness Peninsula. The Mid Arctic ecosystem occurs mainly in
central Prince Albert and Diamond Jenness peninsulas. Around Minto Inlet rare tree-sized (2 to 5 m-high) thickets of willow occur in some sheltered valleys and along river terraces. The vegetation of western Victoria Island is compared with calciphilous vegetation of the southern Queen Elizabeth
Islands, Banks, Somerset, and Prince of Wales islands, and with vegetation on noncalcareous surficial materials of north-central District of Keewatin. Several bioclimatic zones are suggested, including an extension of the 'mini-forest zone' from the Queen Elizabeth Islands and an erect shrub limit
and an erect shrub-forest limit in wetlands.
Caractéristiques géologiques et géotechniques des dépôts meubles de l'île de Montréal et des environs, Québec
Authors: Prest V K , Hode-Keyser J
Published: November 2010

This paper provides geological information on the origin, stratigraphy, and physical character of the surficial deposits of the Montreal area. Some notes are provided on bedrock geology and topography, but emphasis is placed on the history of glacial and
postglacial events and on the resultant deposits. The inf erred events in the Montreal area are compared with those of the Trois
A sulphide deposit containing galena, in the lower devonian Disappointment Bay formation on Baillie Hamilton Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Authors: Thorsteinsson R
Published: November 2010

Baillie Hamilton Island is situated in a region noted for lead and zinc deposits similar in many respects to the Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits. A sulphide deposit that includes small amounts of galena occurs in porous and vuggy dolomite of the
Disappointment Bay Formation near the southwestern extremity of Baillie Hamilton Island. Mineralized deposits are rare in the Disappointment Bay Formation, and the present deposit adds further interest to this formation as a potential host for lead and zinc ore bodies. Most lead and zinc occurrences
in this region of the archipelago, including that of the currently operated Polaris Mine, are replacement deposits in carbonate rocks of the Ordovician Thumb Mountain Formation that were exposed to erosion and karstification in Early Devonian time, and subsequently overlain unconformably by the
Disappointment Bay Formation. Structural evidence is presented here that suggests the Disappointment Bay in southwestern Baillie Hamilton Island may lie directly on the Thumb Mountain. This in turn raises the possibility, however tenuous, that the sulphide deposit in that region indicates the
presence of an ore body at depth in Thumb Mountain strata.
Stratigraphic Subdivision of the Blind Fiord and Bjorne Formations [Lower Triassic], Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Islands
Authors: Embry A F
Published: November 2010

The Blind Fiord Formation is a Lower Triassic shale/siltstone unit that occurs within the Sverdrup Basin. The formation is divisible into three members, formally named in ascending order: Confederation Point, Smith Creek, and Svartfjeld. Each member consists
predominantly of shale in its lower portion and siltstone in its upper portion. The Bjarne Formation is a sandstone-dominant unit that occurs on the basin margins, and is stratigraphically equivalent to the Blind Fiord Formation. Along the eastern and southeastern basin margins two shale/siltstone
units occur within the formation, allowing five members to be recognized. The sandstone-dominant members are formally named in ascending order: Cape Butler, Pell Point and Cape O'Brien. The intervening shale/siltstone members are correlated with the Smith Creek and Svartfjeld members. The
stratigraphic nomenclature reflects the occurrence of three major transgressive-regressive cycles in the Lower Triassic of Sverdrup Basin.
Stratigraphy and structure of the Mount Selwyn area, Rocky Mountains, northeastern British Columbia
Authors: McMechan M E
Published: November 2010

Upper Proterozoic to Middle Jurassic, miogeoclinal, clastic and carbonate deposits, Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous foredeep deposits, and Upper Cretaceous to Tertiary intermontane basin deposits outcrop in the Mount Selwyn area. Three structural levels, each
characterized by distinctive structural styles, are recognized in the Rocky Mountains. Middle Devonian and older strata of the lower structural level form large thrust sheets and folds. Predominantly incompetent, disharmonically folded and faulted Upper Devonian to Middle Triassic strata of the
middle structural level have been shortened approximately twice as much as the folded, more competent, Upper Triassic to Upper Cretaceous strata of the upper structural level, across the Foothills belt. Shortening across the Rocky Mountains is approximately 70 km. Pre-Late Cretaceous strata exposed
adjacent to and within the Rocky Mountain Trench were regionally metamorphosed to greenschist facies and penetratively deformed prior to Late Cretaceous Paleocene thrust faulting in the Rocky Mountains. The disappearance of folded and faulted Upper Cambrian to Middle Devonian strata, and the folding
of major thrust faults in the southern part of the Mount Selwyn area are probably a consequence of southeastward convergence in the position of ramps through Upper Proterozoic to Middle Devonian strata in the hanging walls of the Murray Range and Hidden faults, and the juxtaposition of the
intervening deformed wedge of rock along a flat in the footwall of the Hidden Fault. Prospective structures for petroleum accumulation may occur at the leading edges of the 'blind' (nonsurfacing) thrust sheets carrying Middle Devonian and older strata under the western part of the Foothills, and in
faulted anticlines of Lower Carboniferous carbonate strata.
Gravity and Bathymetry Taken Along Seismic Refraction Lines From the Canadian Ice Island During 1985 and 1986
Authors: Sobczak L W , Weber J R
Published: November 2010

As part of the Frontier Geoscience Program a combined gravity - bathymetry survey along four seismic refraction lines was carried out during the spring of 1985 and 1986 from the Canadian Ice Island base camp located on the Arctic Ocean about 30 to 40 km northwest
of Axel Heiberg Island, N. WT. A total of 140 gravity observations and 124 water depth measurements were made along two lines parallel, and two lines perpendicular to the coastline of the Queen Elizabeth Islands. Water depth measurements from these surveys combined with previous data indicate two
hitherto unmapped ridges and valleys striking perpendicular to the trend of the Queen Elizabeth Shelf. Gravity measurements indicate an elongated coastal Bouguer anomaly "high", subparallel to the coastline, with accompanying landward trending spurs. These anomalies overlie the northeastern end of
the Sverdrup Rim at the northwestern end of Ellesmere Island where the Bourne Complex and Unnamed Formation, consisting of volcanic basalt flows with dense mafic intrusions, are exposed.
A Small Boat Seismic Reflection Survey of the Lougheed Island Basin - Cameron Island Rise - Desbarats Strait Region of the Arctic Island Channels using Open Water Leads
Authors: Sonnichsen G V , Vilks G
Published: November 2010

Lougheed Island Basin, Desbarats Strait, and Cameron Island Rise in the Arctic Island channels were geologically examined using helicopter-transported inflatable boats in open water leads through the near permanent ice cover. This experimental technique has
allowed collection of the first continuous seismic reflection data in the region, as well as gravity cores and bottom photographs at four stations. Three stratigraphic units are identified from the seismic profiles: a lowermost unstratified sediment whose surface has irregular relief and variable
thickness to 53 m., interpreted to be glacial drift; a localized stratified unit which reaches 10 m in thickness and overlies the drift; an uppermost ponded acoustically transparent mud which varies from 1 to 4 m in thickness and occurs in depths greater than 150 m.
Mineralogical and Petrological Studies of the Crystal Lake Intrusion, Thunder Bay, Ontario
Authors: Cogulu E H
Published: November 2010

The Crystal Lake Intrusion located northwest of Lake Superior, Ontario, is one of the multiple intrusions related to intracontinental rifting of Proterozoic age. It exhibits trough shaped layering and four stratigraphic zones. The Basal Zone representing the
chilled margin of the intrusion is contaminated by sedimentary country rocks and contains numerous xenoliths and sulphide mineralization. The Lower Unlayered Zone hosts the major portion of the low grade copper-nickel mineralization known as the Great Lakes Nickel deposit, and consists of three
structural subzones. The Cyclic Zone comprises four repetitive sequences formed by periodic influx of magma, and contains chrome spinel, Cu-Ni sulphide and platinum group element mineralization. The cyclic units contain the most differentiated rocks of the intrusion. Chrome spinel bearing layers
exhibit soft sediment-like deformation. The Upper Zone composed of unlayered massive gabbros indicates return to magmatic conditions that produce undifferentiated rocks.
Orthocumulate rocks are dominant in the Crystal Lake intrusion. Adcumulates occur only in the cyclic zone in association with chrome spinet mineralization. Plagioclase is the main cumulus mineral, which forms the framework of the rocks. Olivine is locally cumulus and indicates new magma influx; in
most cases it is reequilibrated with trapped intercumulus liquid. Augite is always intercumulus and may be the product of transformation of olivine.
Biotite is epitaxial to olivine and augite; it may also rim intercumulus sulphide and oxides. The total REE concentrations decrease from the basal zone to the cyclic sequence and are accompanied by decreasing LREE/HREE ratios. The cyclic unit gabbros exhibit positive Eu anomalies that are not
observed in the lower zones. Partial melting and dehydration of the country rock gave rise to contamination of the magma. Partial melting and contamination of major elements are restricted to the basal zone as well as to areas near the sedimentary xenoliths in the lower unlayered zone. There is no
evidence of contamination of the cyclic units.
Surficial geology of the Nadaleen River map-area, Yukon Territory and District of Mackenzie, N.W.T.
Authors: Ricker K E
Published: November 2010

Surficial mapping of the Nadaleen River map-area was conducted by airphoto interpretation. Extension of geomorphic features that have been published on adjacent map-ares supports the theory of a transection glacier system with source areas to the east and
southeast during two or more Pleistocene glacial episodes. Constructional or depositional landform evidence for multiple glaciation is scant and most surficial features are related to the deglaciation of the Late Wisconsinan McConnell Advance and subsequent events. A more extensive and older (Reid?)
advance is recognized from glacial or deglacial erosional features on valler walls and uplands located above the limits of McConnell ice. A youngest multiple-pulse Neoglaciation displays fresh moraines and residual ice bodies in some north and east-facing cirques and alpine valleys. Cirques, "U"
shaped valleys and faceted spurs are the erosional glacial features of the area. Of the surficial landforms the vast array of rock glaciers, derived by several and a combination of multiple processes is paramount. The areal extent of the multi-terraced flood plain and fan deposits is continuous.
Several large and recent rock slides and slumps of the 30-50 x 106 m3 class as well as the overall presence of solifluction forms and expansive river icings necessitate careful planning on any contemplated construction project. On the other hand, the mountainous physiography is cut by deep,
low-gradient interconnecting valleys and is largely devoid of thick and expansive bog or muskeg terrain. These factors coupled with the abundance of surficial deposits suggest that area could be geologically favourable for development of selected transportation and utility
corridors.
Geology of the Tebesjuak Lake map-area, a progress report with notes on uranium and base metal mineralization, district of Keewatin
Authors: LeCheminant A N , Miller A R , Booth G W , Murray M J , Jenner G
A
Published: November 2010

Southern and eastern parts of the Tebesjuak Lake map area contain faulted successions of sediments and volcanics of the Dubawnt Group that overlie and irregular basement of Archean and Aphebian granitoid gneisses. Dubawnt Group rocks consist of basal successions
of sheared and altered stream-channetl and fluvial deposits that are unconformably overlain by subaerial alkaline flows and volcaniclastic sediments of the Christopher Island Formation. The thick successions and Pitz Formation rhyolitic flows and intercalated quartz-rich sediments. Poorly exposed
black, amygdaloidal basalt overlies the Pitz Formation rocks. Stocks and plutons of syenite and granite and northeast trending dyke-like gabbroic intrusions cut the Dubawnt Group rocks. Epigenetic gracture-controlled uraniuim mineralization is spatially related to basal formations of the Dubawnt
Group. Anomalously radioactive syenites are confined to southeastern parts of the map area. High uranium and thorium contents are due to disseminated thorite, monazite and zircon. Volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Christopher Island Formation have been subjected to widespread alteration, veining
and/or contact metamorphism. Base-metal mineralization (Cu, Pb-Cu and Pb-Cu-Ag-Bi_Cd-Zn) has developed in a few of the vein systems. Acid magmatic events associated with Pitz Formation volcanism and the emplacement of granite plutons may be responsible for the base-metal
mineralization.
Sedimentology of arctic fjords experiment: HU 82-031 data report, volume 1
Authors: Syvitski J P M , Blakeney C P
Published: November 2010

Syvitski, J.P.M. and Blakeney, C.P. (û:xnpilersJ 1983. Sedimentology of Arctic Fjords Experilrent: HU 82-031 data report, Volur 1. Can. Data Rep. Hydrogr. Ocean Sei. No. 12 : 935 p. This is the first report in a series on the Sedimentology of Arctic Fjords
Experilrent (Geological Survey of Canada project 810042). The data are reported in 20 chapters: 35 scientists part
Hydrocarbon-Source Relationships, Jeanne D'Arc and Avalon Basins, Offshore Newfoundland
Authors: Powell T G
Published: November 2010

A mature, rich, petroleum source rock has been identified in the Avalon Basin. It is of Upper Jurassic age and contains up to 9.0% organic carbon and the organic matter is Type II. The source rock is mature under the Hibernia field. Hydrocarbons discovered to
date in the Avalon Basin belong to a general genetic family but differ in the level of maturity at which they were generated. This is understandable in terms of the geology of the area. The fields flank a major depocentre under which the source rock has achieved various levels of maturation.
Hydrocarbons generated at different maturity levels have migrated to the edge of the depocentre where they are now trapped. Gasoline-range analyses have enable an oil to source correlation to be made between the Hibernia oils and the Upper Jurassic source rock underlying the Hibernia
field.
Interpretation des levés magnetiques et gradiomagnetiques aéroportés dans la région de Weedon, Cantons de l'Est, Québec
Authors: Chouteau M , Deschambault C , Schwarz E J
Published: November 2010

Le sous-sol de 1 a région de Weedon renferme des gisements de métaux de base parmi s 1 es pl us · importants du sud du Québec. Une interprétation a été effectuée à partir de récentes données
aéromagné
Canadian crustal stress data-a compilation to 1987
Authors: Adams J
Published: November 2010

Stress data for Canada and adjacent areas have been compiled into a computer database. The data format is described, maps plotted, and a complete listing included of the 1175 entries current to 30 June 1987. The data strongly suggest that the whole of Canada east
of the Cordillera is being compressed from the east-northeast quadrant.
Profils de sismique réflexion Lithoprobe 1987/88 dans la ceinture de l'Abitibi, en Ontario et au Québec
Authors: Maynard L , Milkereit B , Green A G , Ludden J N , West G
Published: November 2010

Dans le cadre du programme national géoscientifique LITHOPROBE, un levé pilote de sismique réflexion a été réalisé en 1987 /88 dans la ceinture de l'Abitibi (Ontario et Québec). L'enregistrement et le traitement des
données ont été réalisés respectivement par les compagnies Veritas Çeophysical Ltd et Veritas Seismic Ltd; le but du présent rapport est de mettre à la disposition des personnes intéressées les coupes-somme non-interprétées. Le rapport
contient (1) un sommaire des paramètres d'acquisition et de traitement, (2) les cartes de localisation au 1:50,000 pour chacun des profils, et (3) les coupes-somme non-migrées et migrées pour chacun des profils. Des copies informatisées des enregistrements de terrain, ainsi que
des documents accessoires, peuvent être obtenues en contactant le Centre de traitement sismique LITHOPROBE situé à Calgary.
Lithoprobe seismic reflection profiles from the southeastern Canadian Cordillera
Authors: Green A G , Cook F A , Milkereit B
Published: November 2010

As part of the national LITHOPROBE program, nearly 270 km of deep seismic reflection data were recorded along five lines extending from east of Canal Flats to Lower Arrow Lake in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera of British Columbia. The seismic lines crossed
from east to west the Rocky Mountain trench, the Purcell anticlinorium, the Kootenay arc, the Nelson batholith and the Valhalla metamorphic core complex. In crossing the various tectonic units several major faults were imaged. The multichannel seismic reflection data were collected by Enertec
Geophysical Services Ltd of Calgary using the Vibroseis technique and processed by Veritas Seismic Ltd of Calgary. Information presented in this report should be sufficient to allow interested parties to interpret independently the seismic reflection data. Included are: (i) a simplified geological
map of the surveyed region; (ii) line drawings of the unmigrated seismic reflections; (iii) the unmigrated seismic reflection sections plotted at a horizontal scale of 36 traces/inch and a vertical scale of 1.875 inches/second; (iv) line location maps at 1:50,000.
Proceedings, Geological Survey of Canada Workshop On eastern Seismicity Source Zones For the 1995 Seismic Hazard Maps, Ottawa, 18-19 March 1991
Authors: Adams J
Published: November 2010

A workshop was held in Ottawa to suggest how geological and tectonic features may be used to confine seismicity source zones in east.ern Canada. These proceedings represent a lightly-edited record of the knowledge and opinions expressed at the workshop, and form
an important input to the Geological Survey's choice of seismicity source zones for the development of the 1995 seismic hazard maps.
Quaternary geology of northern Melville Peninsula, District of Franklin, Northwest Territories: surface deposits, glacial history, environmental geology, and till geochemistry
Authors: Dredge L A
Published: November 2010

This map and report are the first comprehensive summaries of Quaternary geology and landscape evolution for the area. Melville Peninsula was glaciated from the Foxe Dome (Wisconsin Laurentide Ice). Ice centred on Foxe Basin flowed westwards across the northern
peninsula, while an ice cap occupied the central plateau. Cold-based cap ice preserved preglacial landscapes beneath it, but warm-based ice from the Foxe Basin centre scoured bedrock and left various glacial landforms, including till veneer and blanket deposits. Till reflects the composition of
underlying granitoid rocks, but plumes of carbonate drift were mapped out and document ice streams. The Melville Moraine developed on the western peninsula in response to changing ice dynamics. It was re-oriented by late ice flow from Baffin Island.
Deglaciation began 9100 BP on the west coast, and about 6900 BP in the east coast, although ice remained for another 700 years near Hall Lake. The plateau ice cap also persisted after regional ice had disappeared. Abundant ice-marginal meltwater channels indicate downwasting into preglacial valleys.
Following deglaciation, lowland areas were inundated by the sea. Well-controlled sea level curves illustrate trifold patterns of crustal rebound and emergence. Flights of raised limestone beaches cover the eastern lowland. Postglacial frost shattering of carbonate bedrock produced felsenmeer.
Geochemical elements in till were mapped and analyzed. Sites beneath the former ice cap reflect the geochemistry of underlying rock, whereas sites beneath Foxe Ice reflect glacial dispersal effects and nearby rock types. High copper, chromium, iron, and nickel are related to Prince Albert Group.
Comparison of elements in till, regolith, and gossans indicates postglacial reactiveness. Ice streams within the Laurentide Ice Sheet, mapped here, indicate that exponential drift prospecting models need major revision.
Interactive geoscience library, digital information for the Coast and Intermontane belts of southwestern British Columbia
Authors: Journeay J M , Monger J W H
Published: November 2010

The Coast-Intermontane Belt GIS Library is a synthesis of available geoscience information for the east- central portion of the Vancouver (NM-9)map area of southwestern British Columbia. It is designed to be used as an interactive research and/or educational
resource for those interested in the geological framework and tectonic evolution of the southwest Canadian Cordillera- the range of mountains that extends northward through Alberta,British Columbia and the Yukon.
The east-central portion of the Vancouver map area encompasses the southern Coast Belt and adjacent parts of the Intermontane and Insular morphogeologic belts of the southwestern Canadian Cordillera. It includes both rugged alpine terrain of the Coast Mountain and Cascade Range physiographic
provinces, and adjacent low-relief terrain of the Thompson Plateau, Fraser Lowland and Georgia Depression.
The bedrock foundation for this part of the Canadian Cordillera is a collage of accreted island arc and oceanic crustal fragments, many of which were derived from distant parts of the Pacific Ocean basin and assembled along the ancient continental margin of North America in the early Mesozoic. Since
the Early Jurassic (~185 million years ago), these crustal fragments and associated plutonic suites have been structurally imbricated and shuffled along the continental margin in response to subduction-accretion processes and large-scale transcurrent displacements between North America and
oceanic crust of the Pacific, Kula and Juan de Fuca plates. Similar processes of subduction, accretion and transcurrent faulting are active today along the boundary between western North America and oceanic crust of the Juan de Fuca and Pacific plates.
Information provided on this CD-ROM represents a synthesis of more than a century of geological mapping and research in the Vancouver (92G), Hope (92H), Ashcroft (92I) and Pemberton (92J) map areas of the southwestern Canadian Cordillera. Collectively, these data provide a foundation for
interpreting the history and mechanisms of terrane accretion and crustal deformation that have shaped this segment of the western North American plate margin over the last 200 million years.
Digital elevation model, Greater Toronto area, southern Ontario, and Lake Ontario bathymetry
Authors: Kenny F J , Paquette J , Russell H A J , Moore A , Hinton M J
Published: November 2010

A hydrologically conditioned Digital Elevation Model has been developed for the Greater Toronto Area of southern Ontario and for Lake Ontario. The model has been developed from 1:50 000 National Topographic Data Base data onshore and Canadian Hydrographic Service
bathymetric point data for Lake Ontario. Terrain specific interpolation and drainage enforcement techniques within the ARC/INFO TOPOGRID software module were used to interpolate the data to a grid cell of 30 m. Verification of the model demonstrates that elevations are correct to plus or minus 3 m.
This digital elevation model is suitable for the automatic delineation of watersheds. This report documents the development of the model included on this compact disc.
The model was developed as part of the Geological Survey of Canada Oak Ridges Moraine National Mapping and Hydrogeology programs in conjunction with the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and the Canadian Hydrographic Service.
Geological classification of Canadian gold deposits
Authors: Poulsen K H , Robert F , Dubé B
Published: November 2010

Classifications of ore deposits provide essential frameworks for designing exploration strategies, evaluating prospects, and performing resource assessments of selected areas. This paper proposes a geological classification of lode gold deposits, based largely on
the nature of the ore and on the geological settings of the deposits. Sixteen common types of bedrock gold deposits are distinguished and their main geological attributes summarized. They do not correspond to an equal number of genetic types: many of these deposit types represent different
components of larger hydrothermal systems and are genetically related. An important emerging point is that the majority of lode gold deposit types identified here are represented by at least one large example (>100 t Au); the search for large gold deposits must therefore rely on a
multiplicity of models.