bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Airway narrowing and response to simulated deep inspiration in bronchial segments from subjects with fixed airflow obstruction
Authors: Cairncross Alvenia , Jones Robyn L. , Elliot John G. , McFawn Peter K. , James Alan L. , Noble Peter B.
Published: February 2020

The volume fraction of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the layer of airway smooth muscle (ASM) is increased in subjects with fixed airflow obstruction. We postulated that changes in ECM within the ASM layer will impact force transmission during induced contraction and/or in response to externally applied stresses like a deep inspiration (DI). Subjects were patients undergoing lung resection surgery who were categorized as unobstructed ( n = 12) or “fixed” obstructed ( n = 6) on the basis of preoperative spirometry. The response to a DI, assessed by the ratio of isovolumic flows from maximal and partial inspirations (M/P), was also measured preoperatively. M/P was reduced in the obstructed group ( P = 0.02). Postoperatively, bronchial segments were obtained from resected tissue, and luminal narrowing to acetylcholine and bronchodilation to simulated DI were assessed in vitro. Airway wall dimensions and the volume fraction of ECM within the ASM were quantified. Maximal airway narrowing to acetylcholine ( P = 0.01) and the volume fraction of ECM within the ASM layer ( P = 0.02) were increased in the obstructed group, without a change in ASM thickness. Whereas bronchodilation to simulated DI in vitro was not different between obstructed and unobstructed groups, it was correlated with increased M/P (bronchodilation/less bronchoconstriction) in vivo ( P = 0.03). The volume fraction of ECM was inversely related to forced expiratory volume in 1 s FEV1 %predicted ( P = 0.04) and M/P ( P = 0.01). Results show that in subjects with fixed airflow obstruction the mechanical behavior of the airway wall is altered and there is a contemporaneous shift in the structural composition of the ASM layer.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cartilaginous airways from subjects with fixed airflow obstruction have an increase in the volume fraction of extracellular matrix within the airway smooth muscle layer. These airways are also intrinsically more reactive to a contractile stimulus, which is expected to contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness in this population, often attributed to geometric mechanisms. In view of these results, we speculate on how changes in extracellular matrix may impact airway mechanics.
Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts for Sustainable Biomass Valorization
Authors: Liu Xiaofang , Liu Zhigang , Wang Rui
Published: February 2020

Currently, pristine and functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are introduced in heterogeneous catalysis for biomass upgrading owing to the specific texture properties including regular higher-order structure, high specific surface area, and the precisely tailored diversity. The purpose of this review is to afford a comprehensive discussion of the most applications in biomass refinery. We highlight recently developed four types of MOFs like pristine MOFs and their composites, MOF-supported metal NPs, acid-functionalized MOFs, and biofunctionalized MOFs for production of green, sustainable, and industrially acceptable biomass-derived platform molecules: (1) upgrading of saccharides, (2) upgrading of furan derivatives, and (3) upgrading of other biobased compounds.
Navigating Deeply Uncertain Tradeoffs in Harvested Predator-Prey Systems
Authors: Hadjimichael Antonia , Reed Patrick M. , Quinn Julianne D.
Published: February 2020

Multiple fisheries have collapsed as a result of overfishing and strong limitations in our knowledge of system conditions and consequential ecological interactions. Fishery managers need to establish harvesting strategies that balance economic benefits against ecological objectives, including avoiding unintended catastrophic consequences. Our results show that classical assumptions for fisheries management can yield severe instabilities in our quantified views of socioecological tradeoffs, making their ability to inform stakeholder preferences questionable. The complex ecological interactions implied by different parameterizations of such systems yield highly complex and nonlinear dynamic properties with multiple distinct basins of attraction. We show that small changes in our deeply uncertain representations of predator-prey systems can fundamentally shift their dynamics and the validity of candidate management strategies for harvest. Insights from this study highlight the importance of ensuring models capture deep uncertainties, as well as a breadth of financial and ecological criteria when searching for robust management options for resilient fisheries.
Hematologic Features of Children and Adolescent Patients with Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions on Drugs and Food
Authors: Eliseeva Tatyana I. , Balabolkin Ivan I. , Geppe Natalia A. , Tush Elena V. , Ovsyannikov Dmitry Yu. , Podchernyaeva Nadezhda S. , Trushanina Polina V. , Ignatov Stanislav K. , Kubysheva Nailya I. , Bulgakova Vilya A. , Khaletskaya Olga V.
Published: February 2020

Hematological parameters and blood biochemical markers were measured in 131 children and adolescent patients (70 boys) aged 2 to 17 years with acute hypersensitivity reactions induced by food (59 patients) and medicines (72 patients) in order to establish differences in clinical manifestations and hematological parameters in children with food and drug hypersensitivity and to elaborate the hematological criteria for differentiating the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of various types of hypersensitivity. Both groups of patients had comparable clinical symptoms with a predominance of skin lesions. The significant differences between the groups with drug‐ and food‐induced hypersensitivity reactions were found in their red blood characteristics. In patients with hypersensitive reactions to drugs, significantly lower levels of erythrocytes and hemoglobin were found, while the median values of these parameters did not exceed the limits of reference values. These differences persisted also in the analysis of hemoglobin values, analyzed with accounting for the age and sex of patients. The reduction of hemoglobin was not accompanied by an increase in bilirubin in these patients. Thus, this fact does not support the assumption about the drug‐induced hemolysis as a main effect influencing the hematological parameters. Hemogram evaluation performed during 7–10 days after admission demonstrated a higher level of hemoglobin in both groups. The biochemical markers were not significantly distinguished except bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase which were higher in patients with food‐induced hypersensitivity.
RUNX3 Inhibits the Invasion and Metastasis of Human Colon Cancer HT‐29 Cells by Upregulating MMP‐2/9
Authors: Xue Jun , Wu Xueliang , Qu Ming , Guo Fei , Han Lei , Sun Guangyuan , Yuan Zelong , Fan Shuang , Li Tian
Published: February 2020

Objective. To investigate the effect of Runt‐associated transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) on the invasion and metastasis of human colon cancer HT‐29 cells and to preliminarily explore the mechanism of its anticancer effect. Methods. The RUNX3 plasmid vector was transfected into human colon cancer HT‐29 cells by liposome‐mediated transfection, while the empty vector and the blank group were used as the control group. After Geneticin (G418) screening, HT‐29 cells with stable expression of RUNX3 gene were obtained. The expressions of mRNA and proteins of RUNX3 and metalloproteinases (MMP)‐2/9 were detected by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and western blot. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. The effect of RUNX3 on invasion and metastasis of HT‐29 cells was evaluated by scratch injury assay, Transwell chamber, and Matrigel invasion model. Results. RUNX3 was expressed stably in HT‐29 cells after transfection. The expressions of RUNX3 mRNA and proteins in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the blank/empty vector groups. Meanwhile, the expressions of MMP‐2/9 mRNA and proteins in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the blank group and the empty vector group. The proliferation and migration ability in the experimental group was significantly lower than blank/empty vector groups from the third day. Transwell chamber experiment and Matrigel invasion assay showed that the number of Transwell cells was decreased significantly than blank/empty vector groups, but no difference was found between the blank group and the empty vector group. Conclusion. RUNX3 can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of human colon cancer HT‐29 cells, and the mechanism may be related to decreased expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9.
Waste Management System Using IoT-Based Machine Learning in University
Authors: Anh Khoa Tran , Phuc Cao Hoang , Lam Pham Duc , Nhu Le Mai Bao , Trong Nguyen Minh , Phuong Nguyen Thi Hoang , Dung Nguyen Van , Tan-Y Nguyen , Nguyen Hoang Nam , Duc Dang Ngoc Minh
Published: February 2020

Along with the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), waste management has appeared as a serious issue. Waste management is a daily task in urban areas, which requires a large amount of labour resources and affects natural, budgetary, efficiency, and social aspects. Many approaches have been proposed to optimize waste management, such as using the nearest neighbour search, colony optimization, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization methods. However, the results are still too vague and cannot be applied in real systems, such as in universities or cities. Recently, there has been a trend of combining optimal waste management strategies with low-cost IoT architectures. In this paper, we propose a novel method that vigorously and efficiently achieves waste management by predicting the probability of the waste level in trash bins. By using machine learning and graph theory, the system can optimize the collection of waste with the shortest path. This article presents an investigation case implemented at the real campus of Ton Duc Thang University (Vietnam) to evaluate the performance and practicability of the system’s implementation. We examine data transfer on the LoRa module and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed system, which is implemented through a simple circuit designed with low cost, ease of use, and replace ability. Our system saves time by finding the best route in the management of waste collection.
Association of SCN1A, SCN2A, and UGT2B7 Polymorphisms with Responsiveness to Valproic Acid in the Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Lu Yuan , Su Quanping , Li Ming , Dayimu Alimu , Dai Xiaoyu , Wang Zhiheng , Che Fengyuan , Xue Fuzhong
Published: February 2020

Purpose. The efficacy of valproic acid (VPA) varies widely in clinical treatment of epileptic patients. Our study is aimed at exploring a potential association between polymorphisms of SCN1A, SCN2A, and UGT2B7 genetic factors and VPA responses. Methods. In this observational study, a total of 114 epileptic patients only treated with VPA for at least 1 year were included to explore the genetic polymorphisms of drug responses (mean follow‐up time: 3.68 ± 1.78 years). Thirty‐one single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three candidate genes that related with drug‐metabolizing enzymes and receptors were genotyped. Results. Of the 31 SNPs, eight were significantly associated with VPA responses, including rs1381105, rs2162600, rs10197716, rs2119068, rs2119067, rs353116, rs353112 and rs6740895. The interaction between rs10197716 and rs2119068 was the most significantly correlated with VPA responses compared with other combinations (the highest VPA‐responsive rate 0.92 versus the lowest VPA‐responsive rate 0.33, p = 0.007). Conclusion. The study indicated that eight SNPs and SNP‐SNP interaction may be associated with VPA responses in Chinese Han epileptic patients. The SNPs were rs1381105 (SCN1A), rs2162600 (SCN1A), rs10197716 (SCN2A), rs2119068 (SCN2A), rs2119067 (SCN2A), rs353116 (SCN2A), rs353112 (SCN2A) and rs6740895 (SCN2A), respectively. The interaction between the three pairs of rs10197716‐rs2119068, rs10197716‐rs11889342 and rs7598931‐rs12233719 was the most significant for VPA. This implied that these SNPs may play an important role in the pharmacogenomics mechanism of valproic acid.
Factors Associated with High-Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performed by Bystander
Authors: Park Hye Ji , Jeong Won Jung , Moon Hyung Jun , Kim Gi Woon , Cho Jin Seong , Lee Kyoung Mi , Choi Hyuk Joong , Park Yong Jin , Lee Choung Ah
Published: February 2020

Bystander cardiopulmonary dresuscitation (CPR) improves the survival and neurological outcomes of sudden cardiac arrest patients. The rate of bystander CPR is increasing; however, its performance quality has not been evaluated in detail. In this study, emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in the field evaluated bystander CPR quality, and we aimed to investigate the association between bystander information and CPR quality. This retrospective cohort study was based on data included in the Smart Advanced Life Support (SALS) registry between January 2016 and December 2017. We included patients older than 18 years who experienced an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to medical causes. Bystander CPR quality was judged to be “high” when the hand positions were appropriate and when compression rates of at least 100/min and compression depths of at least 5 cm were achieved. Among 6,769 eligible patients, 3,799 (58.7%) received bystander CPR, and 6% of bystanders performed high-quality CPR. After adjustment, the occurrence of cardiac arrest at home (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% confidence interval (CI); 0.42, 0.27–0.64), witnessed cardiac arrest (1.45, 1.03–2.06), and younger bystander age all showed associations with one another. High-quality CPR led to a 4.29-fold increase in the chance of neurological recovery. In particular, high-quality CPR in patients aged 60 years showed a significant association compared with other age groups (7.61, 1.41–41.04). The main factor affecting CPR quality in this study was the age of the bystander, and older bystanders found it more difficult to maintain CPR quality. To improve the quality of bystander CPR, training among older bystanders should be the focus.
Improving Storability of “Nanfeng” Mandarins by Treating with Postharvest Hot Water Dipping
Authors: Kahramanoğlu İbrahim , Chen Chuying , Chen Yao , Chen Jinyin , Gan Zengyu , Wan Chunpeng
Published: February 2020

The current research aimed at studying the possibility of improving the postharvest storability of “Nanfeng” mandarins by hot water dipping (HWD) treatment. The research was conducted in two phases. Firstly, two different temperatures (50 and 55°C) were tested for three different dipping durations (2, 3, and 4 min) on the mandarin fruits, and the best combination was defined for the prevention of weight loss and fruit decay. Next, the optimal treatment (HWD at 50°C for 3 min) was used in further studies to test the effects on the postharvest fruit quality attributes. Regular measurements were performed to determine total soluble solid (TSS) content, titratable acid (TA) content, vitamin C (VC) content, total sugar content, respiration rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) enzyme, and peroxidase (POD) enzyme. According to the results obtained, HWD treatment was found to prevent the loss of TSS, TA, and VC contents during the storage period. The HWD-treated fruits were also found to have a lower respiration rate and MDA content as compared with control treatment. Furthermore, HWD treatment significantly enhanced the activities of SOD, POD, and PPO which are known to enhance tolerance to lipid peroxidation and are associated with the fruit protection from injuries and pathogens. Present results also suggest that the activation of the SOD and POD enzymes is highly related to the respiratory activities of the fresh produce. This suggests that the HWD can be used to improve the storability of “Nanfeng” mandarins by maintaining the postharvest physical and biochemical quality.
ModelingWolbachiaDiffusion in Mosquito Populations by Discrete Competition Model
Authors: Li Yijie , Guo Zhiming , Xing Yanyuan
Published: February 2020

Dengue fever is caused by dengue virus and transmitted byAedesmosquitoes. A promising avenue to control this disease is to infect the wildAedespopulation with the bacteriumWolbachiadriven by cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). To study the invasion ofWolbachiainto wild mosquito population, we formulate a discrete competition model and analyze the competition between released mosquitoes and wild mosquitoes. We show the global asymptotic properties of the trivial equilibrium, boundary equilibrium, and positive equilibrium and give the conditions for the successful invasion ofWolbachia. Finally, we verify our findings by numerical simulations.
Mechanism of Degradation of the Properties of Recycled Plaster Mixed Aluminate Cement
Authors: Li Zhixin , Xu Kaidong , Wang Jina , Zhang Jianwu , Ma Xianwei , Niu Jishou
Published: February 2020

This manuscript investigates the degradation of the properties of recycled plaster‐mixed aluminate cement (RAP) and analyzes its degradation mechanism by DSC/TG and SEM. The results showed that the setting time of RAP was shortened due to the fast formation of recycled ettringite (AFt) and its strength was decreased relative to the pure recycled plaster (RP) in the absence of aluminate cement. Different from the properties of RP and RAP, the hydration of commercial plaster was slowed down by the addition of aluminate cement for its low hydration rate, and its strength was increased with respect to the pure commercial plaster (CP) without aluminate cement. Therefore, the properties of RP and RAP could be seen to decrease in relation to CP and commercial plaster mixed aluminate cement (CAP). The SEM and DSC/TG analyses confirm the presence of cluster and fine crystals and noncementing AH3 in RAP, which demonstrates its degradation of properties.
Diagnostic Role of Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness for Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Liu Dianmei , Du Caiju , Shao Weiguang , Ma Guifeng
Published: February 2020

Background. The present meta‐analysis was conducted to confirm whether carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT) could serve as an accurate diagnostic method for coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods. Databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase were searched for potential articles. The articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. Pooled sensitivity and specificity with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to confirm the diagnostic role of IMT for CAD. I2 and P value were used to assess the existence of heterogeneity. I2 ≥ 50% or P < 0.05 indicated significant heterogeneity. Area under the curve (AUC) of summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) represented the diagnostic accuracy of IMT. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of pooled outcomes. Deek’s funnel plot was drawn to detect potential publication bias. Results. 22 eligible articles were selected in the present meta‐analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of IMT for diagnosing CAD were 0.68 (0.57–0.77) and 0.70 (0.64–0.75), respectively. The corresponding AUC was 0.74 (0.70–0.78). Subgroup analyses based on cutoff value of IMT were performed. A cutoff value of 1 mm was demonstrated to be much more accurate diagnostic criteria for CAD (sensitivity: 0.66; specificity: 0.79; AUC: 0.80). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the pooled results were robust. Deek’s funnel plot indicated no significant publication bias (P = 0.195). Conclusion. Carotid IMT may serve as an accurate diagnostic tool. A cutoff value of 1 mm seems to provide much more accurate diagnostic results for CAD.
Dasatinib Is an Effective Treatment for Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Nguyen Tran B. , Sakata-Yanagimoto Mamiko , Fujisawa Manabu , Nuhat Sharna Tanzima , Miyoshi Hiroaki , Nannya Yasuhito , Hashimoto Koichi , Fukumoto Kota , Bernard Olivier A. , Kiyoki Yusuke , Ishitsuka Kantaro , Momose Haruka , Sukegawa Shinichiro , Shinagawa Atsushi , Suyama Takuya , Sato Yuji , Nishikii Hidekazu , Obara Naoshi , Kusakabe Manabu , Yanagimoto Shintaro , Ogawa Seishi , Ohshima Koichi , Chiba Shigeru
Published: February 2020

Recurrent hotspot (p.Gly17Val) mutations in RHOA encoding a small GTPase, together with loss-of-function mutations in TET2 encoding an epigenetic regulator, are genetic hallmarks of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). Mice expressing the p.Gly17Val RHOA mutant on a Tet2-null background succumbed to AITL-like T-cell lymphomas due to deregulated T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Using these mice to investigate therapeutics for AITL, we found that dasatinib, a multikinase inhibitor prolonged their survival through inhibition of hyperactivated TCR signaling. A phase I clinical trial study of dasatinib monotherapy in 5 patients with relapsed/refractory AITL was performed. Dasatinib was started at a dose of 100 mg/body once a day and continued until days 10–78 (median day 58). All the evaluable patients achieved partial responses. Our findings suggest that AITL is highly dependent on TCR signaling and that dasatinib could be a promising candidate drug for AITL treatment.

Significance:

Deregulated T-cell receptor signaling is a critical molecular event in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and can be targeted with dasatinib.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a 6-Month Low-Carbohydrate Intervention on Disease Progression in Men with Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Carbohydrate and Prostate Study 2 (CAPS2)
Authors: Freedland Stephen J. , Allen Jenifer , Jarman Aubrey , Oyekunle Taofik , Armstrong Andrew J. , Moul Judd W. , Sandler Howard M. , Posadas Edwin , Levin Dana , Wiggins Emily , Howard Lauren E. , Wu Yuan , Lin Pao-Hwa
Published: February 2020

Purpose:

Both weight loss and low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) without weight loss prolong survival in prostate cancer models. Few human trials have tested weight loss or LCD on prostate cancer.

Experimental Design:

We conducted a multi-site randomized 6-month trial of LCD versus control on PSA doubling time (PSADT) in patients with prostate cancer with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after local treatment. Eligibility included body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m2 and PSADT 3 to 36 months. The LCD arm was instructed to eat \le $20 g/carbs/day; the control arm instructed to avoid dietary changes. Primary outcome was PSADT. Secondary outcomes included weight, lipids, glucose metabolism, and diet.

Results:

Of 60 planned patients, the study stopped early after an interim analysis showed futility. Twenty-six LCD and 19 control patients completed the study. At 6 months, although both arms consumed similar protein and fats, the LCD arm reduced carbohydrates intake (−117 vs. 6 g, P < 0.001) and lost weight (−12.3 vs. −0.60 kg, P < 0.001). The LCD arm increased HDL and reduced triglycerides and HbA1c with no difference in total cholesterol or glucose. Mean PSADT was similar between LCD (22 months) and control (15 months, P = 0.313) arms. In a post hoc exploratory analysis accounting for prestudy PSADT, baseline PSA, primary treatment, and hemoconcentration, PSADT was significantly longer in LCD versus control (30 vs. 13 months, P = 0.007) arms. Adverse events were few, usually mild, and returned to baseline by 6 months.

Conclusions:

Among BCR patients, LCD induced weight loss and metabolic benefits with acceptable safety without affecting PSADT, suggesting LCD does not adversely affect prostate cancer growth and is safe. Given exploratory findings of longer PSADT, larger studies testing LCD on disease progression are warranted.
Relationship between Changes in Chemical Composition of Enamel Subsurface Lesions and the Emitted Nonlinear Optical Signals: An in vitro Study
Authors: Al-Obaidi Rand , Salehi Hamideh , Collart-Dutilleul Pierre-Yves , Jacquot Bruno , Tassery Hervé , Cuisinier Frederic J.G. , Gergely Csilla , Cloitre Thierry
Published: February 2020

The development of new diagnostic technologies based on the light scattering and autofluorescence properties of dental tissues is required to improve the diagnostic ability of initial caries lesions earlier than previously done and promoting the potential of treatment without surgical intervention. The aim of this study is to correlate fluorescence-based results provided by multiphoton microscopy (MPM) with confocal Raman microscopy records using phosphate level at 960 cm–1 and the organic matrix at ∼2,931 cm–1 in healthy and demineralized human enamel. Measurements on 14 teeth were made using two incident lights of different wavelengths, released by confocal Raman microscopy and MPM. Raman phosphate peak intensity at 960 cm–1 along with organic to mineral ratio at (2,931/430 cm–1) and nonlinear optical signals (second harmonic generation [SHG] and intrinsic two-photon excited fluorescence [I2PEF]) were recorded from the demineralized and healthy enamel sites. Raman spectral maps showed that the higher the organic/mineral ratio in the demineralized enamel, the lower the intensity of mineral component in the same zone. MPM revealed new optical indicators of carious lesion as shown by the presence of a red-shifted fluorescence peak in the 650- to 750-nm area of the fluorescence spectrum of demineralized enamel. Moreover, on sample regions with insignificant autofluorescence, the emergence of the SHG signal could be noted. By comparing I2PEF images with the structural motifs observed by the confocal Raman imaging system, the morphological similarity of the acquired images was quite evident. Any change in the I2PEF spectra reflects alterations in the chemical composition of enamel. These findings may provide an important basis for potentially valuable applications of photonic tools in the clinical diagnosis of tooth pathological conditions, besides exposing the fundamental role of organic matrix in enamel integrity and reparation.
Using Social Media to Determine the Affective and Cognitive Components of Tweets about Sunburn
Authors: Stekelenburg Naomi , Horsham Caitlin , O’Hara Montana , Janda Monika
Published: February 2020

Background: The relationship between social media usage and the public’s expressions of sunburn remains unexplored. This study is a content analysis of Twitter that was performed to identify the public’s expressions, perceptions, and attitudes towards sunburn. Methods: Qualitative content analysis was conducted on tweets by Australian Twitter users during January 2007 and January 2016. Out of 2,000 tweets available, in-depth content analysis of 200 random tweets was performed. Results: Tweets in this study were categorised into 10 distinct themes, three of which were cognitive (fact based) and seven affective (emotional), while one was miscellaneous. Results reveal that tweets about sunburn overwhelmingly contained affective as opposed to cognitive components. In addition, the sentiments contained in the affective tweets were frequently positively (68.9%) rather than negatively valanced (31.1%). While humour was the most common theme (n = 68 tweets), many tweets also expressed a link between Australian national identity and sunburn (n = 25 tweets). Conclusion: Many of the tweets analysed contained positive affective sentiments such as joy, rather than worry or concern, suggesting an avenue for further health promotion research.
A alteridade na Educomunicação
Authors: Lago Cláudia , Martins Ferdinando , Nonato Cláudia
Published: February 2020

A questão da alteridade se consolida no campo da Educação a partir da década de 1990, e aparece como essencial no campo da Educomunicação. Este artigo parte do conceito de alteridade, relacionando-o aos Estudos de Gênero, de Performatividade e ao conceito de interseccionalidade. O objetivo é apresentar chaves que permitam pensar as diferenças que constituem as relações sociais, aproximando estes conceitos da perspectiva educomunicativa. Espera-se, assim, caminhar no sentido de ampliar a compreensão da Educomunicação em sua relação com a emancipação dos sujeitos, em um mundo marcado pelos conflitos com o Outro.
The Main Course Was Mealworms: The Epistemics of Art and Science in Public Engagement
Authors: Bevan Bronwyn , Mejias Sam , Rosin Mark , Wong Jen
Published: February 2020

The authors share an emerging analytical approach to designing and studying STEAM programs that focuses on how programs integrate the respective epistemic practices—the ways in which knowledge is constructed—of science and art. They share the rationale for moving beyond surface features of STEAM programs (e.g. putting textiles and electronics on the same table) to the discipline-specific ways in which participants engage in creative inquiry and production. They share a brief example from a public STEAM event to demonstrate the ways in which this approach can foster reflection and intentionality in the design and implementation of STEAM programs.
Collective Currents: Exploring Sustainability through a Collaborative and Interactive Installation
Authors: Brunvand Erik , Wischer Wendy
Published: February 2020

Water issues in the western United States include a long history of struggle, controversy and politics. Collaboration and compromise are required to achieve desirable outcomes in water quality and water rights. Collective Currents is an interactive art installation, developed collaboratively by a computer engineer and a multimedia artist, that explores the idea of cooperative experience in both literal and conceptual ways and creates an environment that makes reference to and engages the viewer to think about our ability to understand and solve environmental issues, specifically water quality and conservation, through collaboration.
Importance of Laplacian of Low-Level Warming for the Response of Precipitation to Climate Change over Tropical Oceans
Authors: Duffy Margaret L. , O’Gorman Paul A. , Back Larissa E.
Published: February 2020

Several physical mechanisms have been proposed for projected changes in mean precipitation in the tropics under climate warming. In particular, the “wet-get-wetter” mechanism describes an amplification of the pattern of precipitation in a moister atmosphere, and the “warmer-get-wetter” mechanism describes enhanced upward motion and precipitation in regions where the increase in SST exceeds the tropical-mean increase. Studies of the current climate have shown that surface convergence over the tropical oceans is largely driven by horizontal gradients of low-level temperature, but the influence of these gradients on the precipitation response under climate warming has received little attention. Here, a simple model is applied to give a decomposition of changes in precipitation over tropical oceans in twenty-first-century climate model projections. The wet-get-wetter mechanism and changes in surface convergence are found to be of widespread importance, whereas the warmer-get-wetter mechanism is primarily limited to negative anomalies in the tropical southern Pacific. Furthermore, surface convergence is linked to gradients of boundary layer temperature using an atmospheric mixed layer model. Changes in surface convergence are found to be strongly related to changes in the Laplacian of boundary layer virtual temperature, and, to a lesser extent, the Laplacian of SST. Taken together, these results suggest that a “Laplacian-of-warming” mechanism is of comparable importance to wet get wetter and warmer get wetter for the response of precipitation to climate change over tropical oceans.
Impact of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation on the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation near and over the Island of Luzon
Authors: Chudler Kyle , Xu Weixin , Rutledge Steven A.
Published: February 2020

During the boreal summer, satellite-based precipitation estimates indicate a distinct maximum in rainfall off the west coast of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Also occurring during the summer months is the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO), a main driver of intraseasonal variability in the region. This study investigates the diurnal variability of convective intensity, morphology, and precipitation coverage offshore and over the island of Luzon. The results are then composited by BSISO activity. Results of this study indicate that offshore precipitation is markedly increased during active BSISO phases, when strong low-level southwesterly monsoon winds bring increased moisture and enhanced convergence upwind of the island’s high terrain. A key finding of this work is the existence of an afternoon maximum in convection over Luzon even during active BSISO phases, when solar heating and instability are apparently reduced due to enhanced cloud cover. This result is important, as previous studies have shown in other areas of the tropics afternoon convection over landmasses is a key component to offshore precipitation. Although offshore precipitation is maximized in the evening hours during active phases, results indicate that precipitation frequently occurs over the ocean around the clock (both as organized systems and isolated, shallow showers), possibly owing to an increase in sensible and latent heat fluxes, vertical wind shear, and convergence of the monsoon flow with land features.
High-performance thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer/carbon dots bulk nanocomposites with strong luminescence
Authors: Bai Jingjing , Ren Weijie , Wang Yulong , Li Xiaoxia , Zhang Cheng , Li Zhenzhong , Xie Zhongyuan
Published: February 2020

In this work, high-performance thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer/carbon dots (TPU/CDs) bulk nanocomposites with strong luminescence were fabricated via in situ polymerization. The CDs were synthesized from citric acid and 2-aminothiophenol. Transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and systematic characterization indicated the formation of the CDs and the covalent conjugation of the CDs with TPU. The optical properties of the TPU/CDs nanocomposites were characterized by ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Compared to the initial solid-state CDs (the absolute photoluminescence quantum yields (QY): 20%), all the composites exhibited stronger luminescence behavior. When the CDs content was 0.5 wt%, the QY was as high as 68%. Furthermore, the rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The rheological properties established the structure–property relationships of the composites. The incorporation of the CDs enhanced the elastic response in viscoelasticity of the nanocomposites. The tensile strength of 1.0 wt% CDs loaded TPU increased from 18.2 MPa to 28.6 MPa, nearly 57% higher than that of the neat TPU. Given the excellent Ag+ detection performance of the CDs, the high QY and the processability of the nanocomposites, Ag+ detection experiments for the composite film were performed. The study will facilitate the applications of luminescent nanocomposites in potential fields.
Mathematical modeling and optimization of spiral drum screen in the concrete residue recovery system
Authors: Mi Li , Guozhi Ma , Qing Lv
Published: February 2020

To overcome the drawbacks of the traditional concrete residue recovery system, the processing capacity is insufficient and the volume is large. This paper deals with the mathematical modeling and optimization of the spiral drum screen in the concrete residual recycling system. First, based on the maximum amount of material taken by the first spiral at the feed inlet, the paper establishes a theoretical model of screening capacity. Second, according to the relationship between the number of material drops and the screening efficiency, the model of screening efficiency was established from the optimal separation angle of materials. Finally, with the minimum volume of the spiral drum screening sieve as the optimization target, the optimization model was established with the constraints of system screening capacity, screening efficiency, drive power and structural strength. Based on the optimization results, spiral drum screening was produced. The experimental results show that under the condition of 90% screening efficiency, the quality of the spiral drum screen is reduced by 35%, and the screening treatment capacity is doubled, which illustrates the feasibility of the method.
Technological Disruptions in Restaurant Services: Impact of Innovations and Delivery Services
Authors: Khan Mahmood A.
Published: February 2020

This qualitative exploratory study assesses the technological disruptions in restaurant services caused by innovations in food delivery. A systematic review of the restaurant classification for the past two decades showed that the use of the term “restaurant delivery service” increased significantly since 2014 and is now used as often as “fast food service.” An improved typology of services as affected by technology is presented. A hypothetical model was developed to show the hierarchical progression of restaurant services as affected by technological innovations. Technological disruptions were categorized at different stages. The theory of disruptive innovation was assessed, and a hypothesis is presented to relate the impact on delivery services. Major disruptions identified are in the restaurant terminology/classification, widening of the distance between the service provider and customer contact points, and the potential collateral disruption to the service quality. Opportunities and challenges related to disruptions are identified.
Efficacy of Abductor Pollicis Longus Suspensionplasty Compared to Ligament Reconstruction and Tendon Interposition
Authors: Satteson Ellen S. , Driscoll Cassie , Khan Mija , Walker Nicholas J. , Person David , Bagg Mark , Tannan Shruti
Published: February 2020

Background: Multiple surgical techniques are described for basal joint osteoarthritis. This study compares clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction with trapeziectomy and abductor pollicis longus (APL) suspensionplasty compared to trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) when performed by 2 fellowship-trained hand surgeons. Methods: A retrospective review of 51 consecutive patients undergoing APL suspensionplasty (53 hands) was performed. With this technique, a distally based APL slip is brought through and sewn to the flexor carpi radialis (FCR). The remaining APL is placed in the trapeziectomy void. This technique was compared to 151 patients (166 hands) who underwent LRTI using the FCR tendon. Outcomes assessed included postoperative pain relief, grip and pinch strength, complications, and need for reoperation. Two-tailed, Fisher’s exact test was used for data analysis. Results: APL suspensionplasty resulted in postoperative pain relief in 92.5% (n = 49) compared to 94.0% (n = 156) with LRTI ( P = .758). Mean postoperative grip and pinch strengths with APL suspensionplasty were 41.2 and 10.4 kg, respectively. With LRTI, average grip strength was 42.0 kg, and pinch was 10.1 kg. Both techniques were well tolerated with minimal complications. In the APL group, 1 patient had a postoperative infection requiring drainage. Among the LRTI cases, 1 wound dehiscence required closure, and 2 minor postoperative wound infections resolved with oral antibiotics. Mean follow-up time among APL suspensionplasty patients was 3.3 months compared to 8.4 months following LRTI. Conclusions: APL suspensionplasty is a safe, effective procedure which provides similar pain relief and functional outcomes compared to LRTI.
Differences Between Europe and the United States on AI/Digital Policy: Comment Response to Roundtable Discussion on AI
Authors: Gourraud Pierre-Antoine , Simon Francoise
Published: February 2020

For AI policy, there are significant differences between Europe and the United States. The General Data Protection Regulation, which applies not only to European Union companies but also to all American companies with European customers, is more protective than health insurance portability and accountability act for individual health data. Its Article 22 stipulates that citizens cannot be submitted to medical decisions generated by an automated source.
Overview of Castleman disease
Authors: Dispenzieri Angela , Fajgenbaum David C.
Published: February 2020

Castleman disease (CD) describes a group of at least 4 disorders that share a spectrum of characteristic histopathological features but have a wide range of etiologies, presentations, treatments, and outcomes. CD includes unicentric CD (UCD) and multicentric CD (MCD), the latter of which is divided into idiopathic MCD (iMCD), human herpes virus-8 (HHV8)-associated MCD (HHV8-MCD), and polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell disorder, skin changes (POEMS)-associated MCD (POEMS-MCD). iMCD can be further subclassified into iMCD–thrombocytopenia, ascites, reticulin fibrosis, renal dysfunction, organomegaly (iMCD-TAFRO) or iMCD–not otherwise specified (iMCD-NOS). Advances in diagnosis, classification, pathogenesis, and therapy are substantial since the original description of UCD by Benjamin Castleman in 1954. The advent of effective retroviral therapy and use of rituximab in HHV8-MCD have improved outcomes in HHV8-MCD. Anti–interleukin-6–directed therapies are highly effective in many iMCD patients, but additional therapies are required for refractory cases. Much of the recent progress has been coordinated by the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN), and further progress will be made by continued engagement of physicians, scientists, and patients. Progress can also be facilitated by encouraging patients to self-enroll in the CDCN’s ACCELERATE natural history registry (#NCT02817997; www.CDCN.org/ACCELERATE).
New developments in diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of advanced systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Reiter Andreas , George Tracy I. , Gotlib Jason
Published: February 2020

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) has greatly benefited from the broad application of precision medicine techniques to hematolymphoid neoplasms. Sensitive detection of the recurrent KIT D816V mutation and use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels to profile the genetic landscape of SM variants have been critical adjuncts to the diagnosis and subclassification of SM, and development of clinical-molecular prognostic scoring systems. Multilineage KIT involvement and multimutated clones are characteristic of advanced SM (advSM), especially SM with an associated hematologic neoplasm (AHN). A major challenge is how to integrate conventional markers of mast cell disease burden (percentage of bone marrow mast cell infiltration and serum tryptase levels) with molecular data (serial monitoring of both KIT D816V variant allele frequency and NGS panels) to lend more diagnostic and prognostic clarity to the heterogeneous clinical presentations and natural histories of advSM. The approval of the multikinase/KIT inhibitor midostaurin has validated the paradigm of KIT inhibition in advSM, and the efficacy and safety of second-generation agents, such as the switch-control inhibitor ripretinib (DCC-2618) and the D816V-selective inhibitor avapritinib (BLU-285) are being further defined in ongoing clinical trials. Looking forward, perhaps the most fruitful marriage of the advances in molecular genetics and treatment will be the design of adaptive basket trials that combine histopathology and genetic profiling to individualize treatment approaches for patients with diverse AHNs and relapsed/refractory SM.
Pathobiology and treatment of lymphomatoid granulomatosis, a rare EBV-driven disorder
Authors: Melani Christopher , Jaffe Elaine S. , Wilson Wyndham H.
Published: February 2020

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a rare Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–driven B-cell lymphoproliferative disease (LPD). This disease is hypothesized to result from defective immune surveillance of EBV, with most patients showing evidence of immune dysfunction, despite no known primary immunodeficiency. Pathologically, LYG is graded by the number and density of EBV+ atypical B cells, and other characteristic findings include an angioinvasive/angiodestructive reactive T-cell infiltrate and various degrees of necrosis. Clinically, LYG universally involves the lungs with other common extranodal sites, including skin, central nervous system, liver, and kidneys. Nodal and/or bone marrow involvement is extremely rare and, if present, suggests an alternative diagnosis. Treatment selection is based on histologic grade and underlying pathobiology with low-grade disease hypothesized to be immune-dependent and typically polyclonal and high-grade disease to be immune-independent and typically oligoclonal or monoclonal. Methods of augmenting the immune response to EBV in low-grade LYG include treatment with interferon-α2b, whereas high-grade disease requires immunochemotherapy. Given the underlying defective immune surveillance of EBV, patients with high-grade disease may have a recurrence in the form of low-grade disease after immunochemotherapy, and those with low-grade disease may progress to high-grade disease after immune modulation, which can be effectively managed with crossover treatment. In patients with primary refractory disease or in those with multiple relapses, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be considered, but its efficacy is not well established. This review discusses the pathogenesis of LYG and highlights distinct histopathologic and clinical features that distinguish this disorder from other EBV+ B-cell LPDs and lymphomas. Treatment options, including immune modulation and combination immunochemotherapy, are discussed.
Daratumumab for systemic AL amyloidosis: prognostic factors and adverse outcome with nephrotic-range albuminuria
Authors: Kimmich Christoph R. , Terzer Tobias , Benner Axel , Dittrich Tobias , Veelken Kaya , Carpinteiro Alexander , Hansen Timon , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Seckinger Anja , Hose Dirk , Jauch Anna , Wörner Stefan , Beimler Jörg , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Hegenbart Ute , Schönland Stefan O.
Published: February 2020

Daratumumab has shown promising first results in systemic amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. We analyzed a consecutive series of 168 patients with advanced AL receiving either daratumumab/dexamethasone (DD, n = 106) or daratumumab/bortezomib/dexamethasone (DVD, n = 62). DD achieved a remission rate (RR) of 64% and a very good hematologic remission (VGHR) rate of 48% after 3 months. Median hematologic event-free survival (hemEFS) was 11.8 months and median overall survival (OS) was 25.6 months. DVD achieved a 66% RR and a 55% VGHR rate. Median hemEFS was 19.1 months and median OS had not been reached. Cardiac organ responses were noted in 22% with DD and 26% with DVD after 6 months. Infectious complications were common (Common Terminology Criteria [CTC] grade 3/4: DD 16%, DVD 18%) and likely related to a high rate of lymphocytopenia (CTC grade 3/4: DD 20%, DVD 17%). On univariable analysis, hyperdiploidy and gain 1q21 conferred an adverse factor for OS and hemEFS with DD, whereas translocation t(11;14) was associated with a better hemEFS. N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide >8500 ng/L could not be overcome for survival with each regimen. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed plasma cell dyscrasia (difference between serum free light chains [dFLC]) >180 mg/L as an overall strong negative prognostic factor. Additionally, nephrotic-range albuminuria with an albumin-to-creatinine-ratio (ACR) >220 mg/mmol was a significantly adverse factor for hemEFS (hazard ratio, 2.1 and 3.1) with DD and DVD. Daratumumab salvage therapy produced good results and remission rates challenging any therapy in advanced AL. Outcome is adversely influenced by the activity of the underlying plasma cell dyscrasia (dFLC) and nephrotic-range albuminuria (ACR).