bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous LC–MS determination of glucose regulatory peptides secreted by stem cell–derived islet organoids
Authors: Olsen Christine , Wang Chencheng , Aizenshtadt Aleksandra , Abadpour Shadab , Lundanes Elsa , Skottvoll Frøydis Sved , Golovin Alexey , Busek Mathias , Krauss Stefan , Scholz Hanne , Wilson Steven Ray
Published: August 2023

For studying stem cell–derived islet organoids (SC‐islets) in an organ‐on‐chip (OoC) platform, we have developed a reversed‐phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC–MS/MS) method allowing for simultaneous determination of insulin, somatostatin‐14, and glucagon, with improved matrix robustness compared to earlier methodology. Combining phenyl/hexyl‐C18 separations using 2.1 mm inner diameter LC columns and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, identification and quantification were secured with negligible variance in retention time and quantifier/qualifier ratios, negligible levels of carryover (<2%), and sufficient precision (±10% RSD) and accuracy (±15% relative error) with and without use of an internal standard. The obtained lower limits of quantification were 0.2 µg/L for human insulin, 0.1 µg/L for somatostatin‐14, and 0.05 µg/L for glucagon. The here‐developed RPLC–MS/MS method showed that the SC‐islets have an insulin response dependent on glucose concentration, and the SC‐islets produce and release somatostatin‐14 and glucagon. The RPLC–MS/MS method for these peptide hormones was compatible with an unfiltered offline sample collection from SC‐islets cultivated on a pumpless, recirculating OoC (rOoC) platform. The SC‐islets background secretion of insulin was not significantly different on the rOoC device compared to a standard cell culture well‐plate. Taken together, RPLC–MS/MS method is well suited for multi‐hormone measurements of SC‐islets on an OoC platform.
A Theoretical Study of the Energy‐Harvesting Properties of Nontracking Semicircular Concentrating Troughs
Authors: Ratismith Wattana , Briggs John S.
Published: August 2023

The objective of this paper is to give a theoretical appraisal of the light harvesting attributes of nontracking concentrating troughs of a simple semicircular cross section. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the geometry of the caustic exhibited by reflection from a semicircular surface. The efficacy of various placings of the absorber tube is assessed using the method of ray tracing calculations. Utilization of the caustic geometry leads to troughs of optimized width which can capture 100% of the incident radiation normal to the fixed trough aperture. Troughs of different optimized widths (in units of the diameter of planar or cylindrical absorbers) are examined. The major results are to show that these troughs, with fixed concentration ratios, have universal properties which scale with the absorber size and that a favorable comparison is made with the ubiquitous compound parabolic concentrator of the same order of magnitude in size. This work suggests that there is further scope for the optimized design and testing of semicircular troughs.
Double‐Carbon‐Layer Core–Shell Complex Sulfides Derived from Bimetallic Metal–Organic Frameworks for Li‐/Na‐Ion Battery Storage
Authors: Wu Wenbo , Yang Zunxian , Shen Zihong , Ye Yuliang , Ye Bingqing , Zhou Yuanqing , Huang Qiaocan , Ye Songwei , Cheng Zhiming , Hong Hongyi , Meng Zongyi , Zeng Zhiwei , Lan Qianting , Wang Jiaxiang , Chen Ye , Zhang Hui , Guo Tailiang , Ye Yun , Weng Zhenzhen , Chen Yongyi
Published: August 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively studied due to their porous structures and large specific surface areas. Its unique combination of central metal and organic ligand has become a common precursor for the synthesis of metal phosphides, selenides, oxides, and sulfides. However, the carbonaceous structure derived from some MOF materials is still not enough to perfectly alleviate the negative impact of the volume change of metal sulfides. Herein, bimetallic MOF (Zn‐Co‐ZIF) is used as a precursor, coated with dopamine hydrochloride, and then calcined and gas‐phase vulcanized to prepare ZnS/CoS2‐C@NC with a double‐carbon‐layer core–shell structure. The existence of the two carbonaceous structures can not only improve the electron transport ability, but also play an important role in alleviating the volume expansion caused by metal sulfides during repeated charging and discharging. Due to its stable carbon layer structure, ZnS/CoS2‐C@NC has a higher specific capacity (1175.4 mAh g−1 in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and 430.9 mAh g−1 in sodium‐ion batteries after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 respectively) and excellent rate capability (338.2 mAh g−1 specific capacity maintained after 2000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1 in LIBs).
Anti‐Self‐Excited Oscillation Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting of Aeolian Vibration in Transmission Line
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Yi , Xing Yuhang , Han Linchong , Chen Jiqing , Lu Xiaohui , Yu Xin , Jiang Changhong
Published: August 2023

Ensuring the reliability and stability of long‐distance power transmission requires monitoring the transmission lines' and grid environment's health. For this purpose, this study proposes a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with anti‐self‐excited vibration. In case of aeolian vibration in the transmission line, the anti‐self‐excited oscillation triboelectric nanogenerator (AO‐TENG) generates electricity via cohesive work between the spring and the additional weight block that drives the TENG. As a result, this prevents excessive surge voltage from damaging the back‐end circuit, and the capacitor contributes significantly to voltage drop. This solution solves the issue that arises due to the TENG's high output voltage, making it difficult to power commercial sensors. This study presents a new design solution to facilitate smart grids that guarantee stable operation of distributed sensor nodes in the grids.
The role of genetic diversity and pre‐breeding traits to improve drought and heat tolerance of bread wheat at the reproductive stage
Authors: Shokat Sajid , Großkinsky Dominik K. , Singh Sukhwinder , Liu Fulai
Published: August 2023

Extreme weather including heat waves and drought episodes are expected to increase in intensity and duration due to climate change. Wheat, being a major crop is under extreme threat to these stresses especially at the reproductive stage. This review addresses the potential of diverse wheat germplasm (originated from landraces and synthetic derivatives) to cope with drought and heat stress at the flowering stage. Here, important marker‐trait associations were reported for sustainable grain production under drought and heat stress at anthesis. Likewise, the mechanisms of drought and heat resilience including gene expression and physiological traits (activities of carbohydrate metabolic and antioxidant enzymes, and endogenous hormonal responses) were explored. These studies helped to understand the genetic and physiological basis of drought and heat tolerance and certain pre‐breeding traits related to osmotic adjustment, phytohormonal regulation, antioxidant metabolism, and the expression of novel genes were identified. Moreover, identified pre‐breeding traits and genotypes can be utilized in breeding wheat cultivars resilient to future adverse environments.
Use of mandarin and persimmon fruits in water kefir fermentation
Authors: Güzel‐Seydim Zeynep B. , Şatır Gülçin , Gökırmaklı Çağlar
Published: August 2023

Water kefir is a non‐dairy probiotic beverage. It is obtained by fermentation of water kefir grains with a sugar solution. This study aims to determine the properties of water kefir beverages obtained by fermentation of mandarin and persimmon‐containing water for 42 h. According to microbiological results, both fruits containing water samples provided a high number of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Moreover, after fermentation, pH, Brix, and dry matter content did not significantly differ. On the other hand, fructose, maltose, and acetic acid contents of mandarin water kefir are significantly higher than persimmon water kefir (p < .05). Persimmon water kefir had higher total phenolic contents, twice as much as mandarin water kefir (p < .05). Both water kefirs had good color properties. The organoleptic acceptability of the fruit water kefirs was promising.
Relationship between one‐carbon metabolism and fetal growth in twins: A cohort study
Authors: Gong Xiaoli , Li Xiaona , Du Yufeng , Yang Jing , Li Xuening , Li Jiaxin , Zhao Yangyu , Wei Yuan
Published: August 2023

We investigated the associations of one‐carbon metabolism (OCM)‐related metabolites, including choline, betaine, dimethylglycine (DMG), and methionine with fetal growth of twins. This hospital‐based cohort study included dichorionic twin gestations. Blood samples were collected at a median of 14.7 weeks of gestation. Blood plasma metabolite levels were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Generalized estimating equations and mixed effects models were used to explore associations between plasma metabolite levels and fetal growth. In total, 115 women with dichorionic diamniotic pregnancies were included. The maternal plasma DMG level was negatively correlated with fetal birth weight (β = −43.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −74.1 to −12.8, p < .05) and head circumference (β = −0.23, 95% CI = −0.39 to −0.07, p < .05). Other metabolites were not significantly associated with birth weight, body length, head circumference (HC), or chest circumference. Analysis of the relationships between plasma metabolite levels and fetal biological parameters on ultrasound revealed that the maternal choline level was negatively correlated with fetal abdominal circumference (AC) (β = −0.12, 95% CI = 0.24 to −0.004, p < .05); the maternal DMG level was negatively correlated with fetal AC (β = −0.17, 95% CI = 0.28–0.07, p < .05), femur length (β = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.04–0.003, p < .05), and estimated fetal weight (β = 26.4, 95% CI = −41.6 to −11.2, p < .05), but not with HC. The maternal methionine level was negatively correlated with HC (β = −0.08, 95% CI = −0.14 to −0.02, p < .05). The plasma level of the OCM‐related metabolite DMG during the second trimester was negatively correlated with fetal intrauterine growth and birth weight. However, further studies with larger samples are needed.
Increased expression of Nav1.6 of reactive astrocytes in the globus pallidus is closely associated with motor deficits in a model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Liu Weitang , Zhang Renxing , Feng Hu , Luo Jiamin , Zhu Hongyan
Published: August 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in elderly people, which is characterized by motor disabilities in PD patients. Nav1.6 is the most abundant subtype of voltage‐gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in the brain of adult mammals and rodents. Here we investigated the role of Nav1.6 in the external globus pallidus (GP) involved in the pathogenesis of motor deficits in unilateral 6‐OHDA(6‐hydroxydopamine)lesioned rats. The results show that Nav1.6 is dramatically increased in reactive astrocytes of the ipsilateral GP in the middle stage, but not different from the control rats in the later stage of the pathological process in 6‐OHDA lesioned rats. Furthermore, the down‐regulation of Nav1.6 expression in the ipsilateral GP can significantly improve motor deficits in 6‐OHDA lesioned rats in the middle stage of the pathological process. The electrophysiological experiments show that the down‐regulation of Nav1.6 expression in the ipsilateral GP significantly decreases the abnormal high synchronization between the ipsilateral M1 (the primary motor cortex) and GP in 6‐OHDA lesioned rats. Ca2+ imaging reveals that the down‐regulation of Nav1.6 expression reduces the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in primary cultured astrocytes. These findings suggest that the increased Nav1.6 expression of reactive astrocytes in the GP play an important role in the pathogenesis of motor dysfunction in the middle stage in 6‐OHDA lesioned rats, which may participate in astrocyte‐neuron communication by regulating [Ca2+]i of astrocytes, thereby contributing to the formation of abnormal electrical signals of the basal ganglia (BG) in 6‐OHDA lesioned rats.
Gold and silver nanoparticles in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diagnostics and treatments
Authors: Scarpa Edoardo , Cascione Mariafrancesca , Griego Anna , Pellegrino Paolo , Moschetti Giorgia , De Matteis Valeria
Published: August 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) impose substantial medical and public health burdens on people worldwide and represent one of the major threats to human health. The prevalence of these age‐dependent disorders is dramatically increasing over time, a process intrinsically related to a constantly rising percentage of the elderly population in recent years. Among all the NDs, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are considered the most debilitating as they cause memory and cognitive loss, as well as severely affecting basic physiological conditions such as the ability to move, speak, and breathe. There is an extreme need for new and more effective therapies to counteract these devastating diseases, as the available treatments are only able to slow down the pathogenic process without really stopping or resolving it. This review aims to elucidate the current nanotechnology‐based tools representing a future hope for NDs treatment. Noble metal nano‐systems, that is, gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs), have indeed unique physicochemical characteristics enabling them to deliver any pharmacological treatment in a more effective way within the central nervous system. This can potentially make NPs a new hope for reversing the actual therapeutic strategy based on slowing down an irreversible process into a more effective and permanent treatment.
CANTO skin: Evaluation of skin toxicity risk factors in patients treated for breast cancer
Authors: Allali Sofiane , Carton Matthieu , Everhard Sibille , Rivera Sofia , Ghannam Youssef , Peignaux Karine , Guilbert Phillippe , De La Lande Brigitte , Chara‐Brunaud Claire , Blanchecotte Julien , Pasquier David , Racadot Séverine , Bourgier Céline , Cottu Paul , André Fabrice , Kirova Youlia
Published: August 2023

Skin reaction is a common toxicity during oncology management, especially followed during the radiotherapy. Its assessment and understanding of the factors influencing its occurrence, is a major issue in the management of patients treated for an early breast cancer (BC). We evaluated 8561 patients during their overall management for a BC. We focus on specific skin toxicities: erythema, fibrosis, telangiectasia and changes of skin colour. These toxicities were assessed at the baseline defined as 0‐3‐6 (M0), 12 (M12), 36 (M36) and 60 (M60) months. The prevalence of toxicities of interest varied over time, so at M0, 30.4% of patients had erythema while 17.7% of patients had fibrosis. At M60, the prevalence of erythema was 2%, while fibrosis remained stable at about 19%. After adjustments, at M0, there was a significant association between the onset of cutaneous erythema and obesity, the presence of axillary dissection, the type of surgery and the tumour phenotype RH+/HER2+. Concerning fibrosis, a significant association was found, at M12, with the age of the patient, obesity, Charlson score and type of surgery. Concerning the modification of skin colour at M12, we find a link between the age of the patient, obesity, tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption. The prevention of this toxicity is a major issue for the quality of life. Our results allow us to understand the risk of developing skin toxicity in a patient, depending on her intrinsic, tumour or therapeutic characteristics and to implement adapted means of prevention and monitoring.
Induction of labor and risk of postpartum hemorrhage in women with vaginal delivery: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Braund Sophia , Deneux‐Tharaux Catherine , Sentilhes Loïc , Seco Aurélien , Rozenberg Patrick , Goffinet François
Published: August 2023

Objective

To explore the association between induction of labor (IOL) and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) after vaginal delivery.

Methods

We included women from the merged database of three randomized prospective trials (TRACOR, CYTOCINON, and TRAAP) that measured postpartum blood loss precisely, with standardized methods. IOL was considered overall and according to its method. The association between IOL and PPH was tested by multivariate logistic regression modeling, adjusted for confounders, and by propensity score matching. The role of potential intermediate factors, i.e. estimated quantity of oxytocin administered during labor and operative vaginal delivery, was assessed with structural equation modeling.

Results

Labor was induced for 1809 of the 9209 (19.6%) women. IOL was associated with a significantly higher risk of PPH of 500 mL or more (adjusted odds ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval 1.42–1.70) and PPH of 1000 mL or more (adjusted odds ratio 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.16–1.96). The risk of PPH increased similarly regardless of the method of induction. The results were similar after propensity score matching (odds ratio for PPH ≥500 mL 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.33–1.87, odds ratio for PPH ≥1000 mL 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.06–2.07). Structural equation modeling showed that 34% of this association was mediated by the quantity of oxytocin administered during labor and 1.3% by women who underwent operative vaginal delivery.

Conclusion

Among women with vaginal delivery, the risk of PPH is higher in those with IOL, regardless of its method, and after accounting for indication bias. The quantity of oxytocin administered during labor may explain one third of this association.
Postoperative outcomes and urodynamic findings after continence mesh removal
Authors: Palmieri Stefania , Kuria Esther , Gonzales Gwendoline , Sarfoh Raymond , Elneil Sohier
Published: August 2023

Objective

To analyze urodynamics findings and patient‐reported outcomes after removal of a mid‐urethral mesh because data regarding outcomes following mesh removal vary in different studies, and mesh removal itself may have risks.

Methods

Women who were referred to the Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery Department of University College London Hospital and underwent vaginal removal of a continence mesh between January 2014 and January 2020, were included. Patient clinical data and results of video‐urodynamics investigations performed 4 months after mesh removal were collected and analyzed retrospectively.

Results

In all, 204 patients were included in the study. After mesh removal, 80.5% of patients reported recurrent stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 10.1% reported prolapse symptoms, 8% reported voiding dysfunction and 2.9% reported overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. Video‐urodynamics investigations confirmed the presence of SUI (67.6%), mixed urinary incontinence (14.3%), detrusor overactivity (DO) (6.8%) and voiding dysfunction in one patient. In two women a urethral stricture was described, and 10 women were deemed to have a significant cystocele.

Conclusion

Recurrence of SUI was the most frequent finding after continence mesh removal, both symptomatically and objectively. Women seldom reported OAB symptoms, but urodynamics showed evidence of DO despite this. On the other hand, voiding dysfunction was often reported but less often proven on urodynamics.
Optimal allocation of urban and rural water supply in coastal water shortage cities: The case of Yingkou City
Authors: Lv Yufeng , Yu Na , Sun Haibo , Li Hongpeng , Yang Jifu
Published: August 2023

Coastal cities play a significant role in regional economic development and national water resource supply. However, the shortage of water resources in coastal cities has become a bottleneck for sustainable economic, social and ecological development. As a typical coastal city in Liaoning province, China, Yingkou has a relatively developed economy, but faces increasingly serious water shortages. Taking Yingkou as a case study, this study analysed the current situation of urban and rural water supply and conducted a rational estimation of the water supply and demand based on the time series method in the short‐term (2025) and long‐term (2035). Then, the allocation of urban and rural water supply was carried out on the principle of priority use of surface water, sufficient use of diverted water, expanding use of unconventional water and limited use of underground water. To achieve the optimal scheme, the method of ‘allocation‐feedback‐regulation‐reallocation’ was adopted to coordinate the water sources and consumption in different districts and sectors. Overall, the results clarified the red line of water consumption in 2025 and 2035 and defined water consumption and water sources in different sectors and districts. Finally, the water supply and demand balance in Yingkou and its subdistricts was achieved with surplus water rates of 6% and 7% in 2025 and 2035, respectively. Based on these results, suggestions for the sustainable development and utilization of water resources in Yingkou and coastal cities were proposed.
Calculating 13C NMR chemical shifts of large molecules using the eXtended ONIOM method at high accuracy with a low cost
Authors: Ke Zhipeng , Weng Jingwei , Xu Xin
Published: August 2023

Fragmentation‐based methods for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shift calculations have become more and more popular in first‐principles calculations of large molecules. However, there are many options for a fragmentation‐based method to select, such as theoretical methods, fragmentation schemes, the number of levels of theory, etc. It is important to study the optimal combination of the options to achieve a good balance between accuracy and efficiency. Here we investigate different combinations of options used by a fragmentation‐based method, the eXtended ONIOM (XO) method, for 13C chemical shift calculations on a set of organic and biological molecules. We found that: (1) introducing Hartree‐Fock exchange into density functional theory (DFT) could reduce the calculation error due to fragmentation in contrast to pure DFT functionals, while a hybrid functional, xOPBE, is generally recommended; (2) fragmentation schemes generated from the molecular tailoring approach (MTA) with small level parameter n, for example, n = 2 and the degree‐based fragmentation method (DBFM) with n = 1, are sufficient to achieve satisfactory accuracy; (3) the two‐level XO (XO2) NMR calculation is superior to the calculation with only one level of theory, as the second level (i.e., low level) of theory provides a way to well describe the long‐range effect. These findings are beneficial to practical applications of fragmentation‐based methods for NMR chemical shift calculations of large molecules.
Fluorescein isothiocyanate‐tagged boronic acid sensor‐based pH‐dependent discerning tannic acid detection
Authors: Akram Raheel , Arshad Anila , Saqib Muhammad
Published: August 2023

Background and purpose

The distinction of tannic acid (TA) in the presence of other analogues, i.e., gallic acid (GA), dopamine (DA), glucose (Glu), and fructose (Fruc), containing vicinal diols, has long been a significant yet challenging task due to their similar chemical structures and minuscule levels.

Methods

Here, the integration of 3‐aminophenyl boronic acid‐modified fluorescein isothiocyanate (3‐APBA‐FITC) for pH‐dependent ultrasensitive and selective detection of TA in wines was proposed. By performing fluorescence signal off and pH‐dependent boronate‐ester bond synthesis, the suggested probe may specifically identify TA.

Results

The as‐prepared 3‐APBA‐FITC designed probe had shown ultrahigh sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.151 μM. Finally, in detecting TA in artificial wine with a recovery between 92.49‐93.05 % and a relative standard deviation of no more than 2.0 %, the designed strategy has been successfully applied.

Conclusion

Therefore, the envisaged sensing strategy can be an interesting option for discerning detection of diols containing analytes in food products.
Commutability evaluation of candidate reference materials and ERM‐DA470k/IFCC for immunoglobulin M using two international approaches
Authors: Sang Lu , Wu Chunying , Chen Huijuan , Liu Wei , Huang Dawei , Yang Xi , Guo Xinrui , Cui Ruifang , Wang Ning , Zhang Rui , Yue Yuhong , Guo Hong , Wang Minghao , Miao Yutong , Wang Qingtao , Zhang Shunli
Published: August 2023

Background

This study aimed to assess the commutability of frozen pooled human serum (PHS), high concentration of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) pure diluted materials (HPDM), commercialized pure materials (CPM), and dilutions of ERM‐DA470k/IFCC in IgM detection using the CLSI and IFCC approaches, to support standardization or harmonization of IgM measurement.

Methods

Twenty‐four serum samples, relevant reference materials (PHS, HPDM, CPM), and different ERM‐DA470k/IFCC dilutions were analyzed in triplicate using six routine methods. The commutability of the relevant reference materials was carried out following CLSI EP30‐A and IFCC bias analysis.

Results

According to the CLSI approach, low, medium, and high concentrations of PHS, HPDM, and CPM were commutable on 10, 13, 15, 13, and 8 of 15 assay combinations, respectively. Using the IFCC approach, low, medium, and high concentrations of PHS, HPDM, and CPM were commutable on 10, 11, 9, 15, and 10 of 15 assay combinations, respectively. The ERM‐DA470k/IFCC dilutions with D‐PBS and RPMI‐1640 Medium were commutable on 13 of 15 assay combinations according to CLSI and were commutable on all 15 assay combinations using IFCC approach.

Conclusions

High concentration of PHS were commutable on all six detection systems using the CLSI approach. Low and medium concentration of PHS showed unsatisfied commutability. HPDM, not CPM have good commutability, has the potential to become reference materials. ERM‐DA470k/IFCC diluted with different medium showed different commutability.
Amiodarone‐Induced Nystagmus and Ataxia: Case Report and Systematic Review of Case Reports
Authors: Kaur Paawanjot , Kaur Ashampreet , Sinha Amitasha , Khaliq Waseem , Dumic Igor , Singh Amteshwar
Published: August 2023

Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug with a significant adverse effect profile, including neurotoxicity. While ataxia, neuropathy, and tremors are more commonly seen forms of amiodarone neurotoxicity, very few cases of nystagmus are reported. We report the case of an 86‐year‐old man who presented with abrupt‐onset ataxia, dizziness, and inability to ambulate, 10 days after initiating amiodarone for atrial fibrillation. His examination revealed gaze‐evoked nystagmus along with features of cerebellar dysfunction. After excluding other etiologies, amiodarone was stopped. His nystagmus resolved, and his ataxia improved within 48 h of stopping amiodarone. Due to the rarity of this drug‐induced adverse effect, we performed a systematic review of available case reports in the literature (PubMed and Scopus) using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines and presented our findings. Nystagmus is a rarely reported adverse effect of amiodarone, which can occur within days to months of starting the medication. Treatment includes stopping the drug and monitoring for resolution of nystagmus.
Student empathy in standardized patient experiences: Applying concepts from a critical thinking emulation model
Authors: Brendan Young Lance , Johnsen David C. , Shi Wei
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Clinician empathy can improve patient outcomes, but the literature is scant on patient‐based, student‐led experiences to demonstrate the projection of empathy in patient interactions.

Purpose/objectives

(1) Develop a learning guide for observable behaviors communicating emotional and cognitive empathy and (2) determine whether the learning guide can be used as a rubric for assessing empathy in a standardized patient experience.

Methods

Eleven standardized patients assessed 80 D3 students using a 4‐point interval scale on 19 behavioral criteria in four domains: Initiation (four criteria); Health History and Caries Risk (four criteria); Treatment Planning (six criteria); and Communication Skills (five criteria). Standardized patients also provided qualitative feedback.

Results

Standardized patients completed all 1520 interval scales on the rubric and 94% of 320 open‐ended entries. Students performed well. Of the 1520 criterion interval scales, 1242 (81.7%) were rated “excellent.” Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests revealed Initiation scores (Mean [M] = 3.82, Standard deviation [SD] = 0.28) and Treatment Planning scores (M = 3.82, SD = 0.36) were significantly higher than Health History Scores (M = 3.75, SD = 0.34; p < 0.05). Qualitative feedback also was overwhelmingly positive for Treatment Planning and more equivocal for Health History.

Conclusions

The emulation model for students to demonstrate observable aspects of empathy is viable as both a learning guide and evaluation rubric in a standardized patient format. The next steps include the development of a succinct skillset for reinforcement in the patient setting and continued discussion on what best captures core observable aspects of empathy.
Brewing better connections: Coffee with the dean to enhance admin‐student communication
Authors: Siqueira Walter L. , Greig Lisa
Published: August 2023

Effective communication is pivotal in nurturing a supportive learning atmosphere. At the University of Saskatchewan's College of Dentistry, traditional methods like emails and meetings seemed inadequate in engaging all students. Concerns stemmed from power dynamics and limited dialogue avenues. To bridge this gap, an innovative solution emerged. Introducing "Coffee with the Dean": A bi‐weekly event fostering informal discussions between students and the dean. Set in a relaxed ambiance, students openly covered diverse topics. The project aimed to foster transparent communication and bolster a sense of unity. Implemented over six months, the initiative saw significant outcomes. Assessment involved an anonymous survey to DMD students, garnering a 34% response rate. Impressively, 89% acknowledged enhanced communication, with 53% and 23% expressing high and moderate satisfaction in asking questions and providing feedback. Moreover, 67% displayed a likelihood to attend future sessions. A notable 89% appreciated the project's community‐building impact. Although challenges emerged, including scheduling and participation constraints, the project achieved its goal. The casual setup facilitated student expression and prompted insightful exchanges. The experience emphasizes the importance of secure dialogue spaces and consistent communication channels. "Coffee with the Dean" stands as a potent tool for heightened student‐administration interaction. Its role in elevating communication aligns with the quest for educational excellence, ensuring holistic student growth.
Microscopic morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla in the double‐spined bark beetle, Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Shewale Mayuri Kashinath , Nebesářová Jana , Grosse‐Wilde Ewald , Kalinová Blanka
Published: August 2023

The double‐spined spruce bark beetle, Ips duplicatus, has become an infamous secondary pest of Norway spruce, causing extensive ecological and economic destruction in many Central European countries. Antennae are the primary olfactory organs that play a fundamental role in insect‐host chemical communication; therefore, understanding morphology is crucial before conducting electrophysiological investigations. Here, we present our analysis of sensilla types on the antennal surface of I. duplicatus for the first time, using high‐resolution‐scanning electron microscopy. We studied the external morphological characteristics of antennae and the types, numbers, and distribution of the antennal sensilla in males and females. Our results revealed the presence of five different types of morphologically distinct sensilla: sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica, sensilla trichodea, sensilla coeloconica, and Böhm's sensilla. We observed two subtypes of sensilla chaetica (SChI and SChII), four subtypes of sensilla basiconica (SBI, SBII, SBIII, and SBIV), three subtypes of sensilla trichodea (STrII, STrIII, and STrIV) and two subtypes of sensilla coeloconica (SCoI and SCoII), respectively in I. duplicatus males and females. Minor differences in length and numbers between the sexes for some sensilla types were found. Distribution maps for different sensillar types were constructed, and specific areas for the respective sensilla were found. Possible functions of observed sensilla types are discussed. The present study provides a basis for future electrophysiological studies to understand how I. duplicatus detects ecologically important olfactory cues.

Research Highlights

The first report of morphology and distribution pattern of the antennal sensilla in Ips duplicatus is discussed.

A total of 6 main types and 11 antennal sensilla subtypes were observed in male and female Ips duplicatus.

Minor sex‐specific differences were seen in the length and numbers in several sensilla types.
Enhancing the didactic learning experience for Laboratory Genetics and Genomics fellows through a multi‐institutional lecture series
Authors: Leung Marco L. , Cottrell Catherine E.
Published: August 2023

As a result of the pandemic, the traditional in‐person didactic lecture model was adapted to a virtual learning approach. Our Laboratory Genetics and Genomics fellowship program at Nationwide Children's hospital took advantage of this opportunity to organize a multi‐institutional Fellow's Conference to educate fellows from different programs on a wide range of medical genetics topics. We describe our approach of developing this lecture series utilizing subject‐matter experts across institutions. In addition, we discuss the value of such an approach in reducing the amount of time individual institutions spend creating and providing didactic content for their small number of learners. Our experience could serve as a model for other educators and program directors, including genetic counseling program directors, to develop multi‐institutional collaborations for didactic learning.
Disease knowledge and health literacy in parents of children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Ikediashi Bonaventure G. , Ehrmann Cristina , Gomez Selma , Michel Gisela
Published: August 2023

We aimed to (1) describe sickle cell disease (SCD) knowledge and health literacy levels in parents of children with SCD, (2) examine associations with socio‐demographic factors and (3) analyse the association with hospital admissions and frequency of occurrence of painful episodes. Parents who presented with their child at routine hospital consultation at the National Sickle Cell Disease Centre in Benin were administered a questionnaire assessing SCD knowledge, health literacy (newest vital sign [NVS]) and socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics. In total, 117 parents participated (108, 92.3% females). The predominant SCD genotype was HbSS (79.5%). The average SCD knowledge score was 13.6 (standard deviation [SD] = 2.0). Only 34 (29.1%) participants correctly answered ≥70% of the questions, indicating good knowledge. Health literacy was relatively low (mean NVS score = 3.3; SD = 1.1). SCD knowledge was higher in parents with older children (p = 0.001) and higher education levels (primary, p = 0.010; tertiary, p = 0.036 compared to participants with no formal education). Hospital admissions were more frequent when parents had lower SCD knowledge (p = 0.034) and in parents with younger children (p = 0.039). No associations were found between health literacy and hospital admissions (p = 0.940) and frequency of occurrence of painful episodes (p = 0.224). Continuous disease‐specific education for parents of children with SCD may help them better identify and prevent the occurrence of symptoms and decrease the number of hospital admissions.
The Effect of Image Resampling on the Performance of Radiomics‐Based Artificial Intelligence in Multicenter Prostate MRI
Authors: Bleker Jeroen , Roest Christian , Yakar Derya , Huisman Henkjan , Kwee Thomas C.
Published: August 2023

Background

Single center MRI radiomics models are sensitive to data heterogeneity, limiting the diagnostic capabilities of current prostate cancer (PCa) radiomics models.

Purpose

To study the impact of image resampling on the diagnostic performance of radiomics in a multicenter prostate MRI setting.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Nine hundred thirty patients (nine centers, two vendors) with 737 eligible PCa lesions, randomly split into training (70%, N = 500), validation (10%, N = 89), and a held‐out test set (20%, N = 148).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5T and 3T scanners/T2‐weighted imaging (T2W), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and apparent diffusion coefficient maps.

Assessment

A total of 48 normalized radiomics datasets were created using various resampling methods, including different target resolutions (T2W: 0.35, 0.5, and 0.8 mm; DWI: 1.37, 2, and 2.5 mm), dimensionalities (2D/3D) and interpolation techniques (nearest neighbor, linear, Bspline and Blackman windowed‐sinc). Each of the datasets was used to train a radiomics model to detect clinically relevant PCa (International Society of Urological Pathology grade ≥ 2). Baseline models were constructed using 2D and 3D datasets without image resampling. The resampling configurations with highest validation performance were evaluated in the test dataset and compared to the baseline models.

Statistical Tests

Area under the curve (AUC), DeLong test. The significance level used was 0.05.

Results

The best 2D resampling model (T2W: Bspline and 0.5 mm resolution, DWI: nearest neighbor and 2 mm resolution) significantly outperformed the 2D baseline (AUC: 0.77 vs. 0.64). The best 3D resampling model (T2W: linear and 0.8 mm resolution, DWI: nearest neighbor and 2.5 mm resolution) significantly outperformed the 3D baseline (AUC: 0.79 vs. 0.67).

Data Conclusion

Image resampling has a significant effect on the performance of multicenter radiomics artificial intelligence in prostate MRI. The recommended 2D resampling configuration is isotropic resampling with T2W at 0.5 mm (Bspline interpolation) and DWI at 2 mm (nearest neighbor interpolation). For the 3D radiomics, this work recommends isotropic resampling with T2W at 0.8 mm (linear interpolation) and DWI at 2.5 mm (nearest neighbor interpolation).

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Rapid identification of chemical constituents in Hugan tablets by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Liu Huiru , Shu Lexin , Yao Yaqi , Xu Yanyan , Wei Jinxia , Li Yubo
Published: August 2023

Hugan tablet is a Chinese medicine preparation. It is composed of Bupleuri Radix, Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Isatidis Radix, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, Suis Fellis Pulvis, and Vigna radiata L. It has the effects of dispersing stagnated liver qi, strengthening the spleen and eliminating food to be used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis and early cirrhosis. However, the chemical composition of Hugan tablet is complex and not fully understood, which hampers the research in pharmacology. In this study, a reliable method for the rapid analysis and identification of the chemical components in Hugan tablet by their characteristic fragments and neutral losses using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry was developed. A total of 144 chemical components were tentatively identified, including 57 organic acids, 19 flavonoids, 23 alkaloids, 18 lignans, 7 saponins, and 20 others. These components may be the active ingredients of Hugan tablet. The established method can systematically and rapidly analyze the chemical components in Hugan tablet, which provides a basis for the pharmacodynamic substance study and is meaningful for the quality control of Hugan tablet.
ADCY6 is a potential prognostic biomarker and suppresses OTSCC progression via Hippo signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Sen , Guo Li‐Juan , Liang Yong , He Zhi‐Ming , Luo Jia , Mu Yan‐Dong
Published: August 2023

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is a malignant tumor. Recently, studies have found that adenylate cyclase 6 (ADCY6) plays a pivotal role in many lethal tumors formation processes. The role of ADCY6 in OTSCC remains unknown. The expression of ADCY6 in OTSCC tissue samples was detected. The clinical significance of ADCY6 in OTSCC was analyzed by statistical methods. OTSCC cell lines were selected to analyze the biological function of ADCY6. Meanwhile, the effect of ADCY6 on the growth of OTSCC in vivo was explored using subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay. WB assay was used to detect the underlying signaling pathway. Cell function recovery test used to investigate the mechanism of ADCY6‐promoting OTSCC malignant biological behavior via Hippo signaling pathway. We report that ADCY6 was obviously downregulated in OTSCC tissue samples and cell lines. Importantly, lower expression of ADCY6 indicates a poorer prognosis in patients with OTSCC, and its expression is significantly correlated with TNM stage and tumor size. Functionally, forced expression of ADCY6 can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, and promote apoptosis of OTSCC cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ADCY6 upregulation impaired Hippo signaling pathway to reduce the malignant biological behavior of OTSCC. Generally, our findings suggest that ADCY6 suppressed Hippo signaling pathway to regulate malignant biological behavior in OTSCC, which provide new cues for further exploring the mechanism of occurrence and development of OTSCC.
Systematic examination of post‐ and pre‐citation of Indian‐authored retracted papers
Authors: Palla Ishfaq Ahmad , Singson Mangkhollen , Thiyagarajan S.
Published: August 2023

Retracted articles by Indian scholars have received significant attention in recent times. However, no comprehensive study has been conducted to analyse the citations of retracted papers authored by Indian researchers. This study aimed to assess the citations to retracted works published between 2001 and 2020 pre‐ and post‐retraction. The study found that there was an increase in retractions over time, with empirical data suggesting that the number of retractions has increased significantly, from 72 papers between 2001 and 2010 to 365 papers between 2011 and 2020. Duplication (n = 128) and plagiarism (n = 119) were the primary reasons for retraction. Notably, 90% of the retracted articles continued to receive citations after retraction. Among the retracted papers, eight received more than 50 post‐retraction citations, 39 received 20 to 50 citations, 347 received one to 19 citations, and 43 were not cited at all post‐retraction. There was an overall 8% decrease in citations after retraction. Retractions were observed across journals of varying impact factor, with a higher number of retractions observed in journals with an impact factor of less than 5 (n = 286; 65%). Furthermore, smaller research teams of two to five authors accounted for 72% of the total retractions.
The Mechanical and Biological Performance of Photopolymerized Gelatin‐Based Hydrogels as a Function of the Reaction Media
Authors: Pamplona Regina , González‐Lana Sandra , Romero Pilar , Ochoa Ignacio , Martín‐Rapún Rafael , Sánchez‐Somolinos Carlos
Published: August 2023

From the first experiments with biomaterials to mimic tissue properties, the mechanical and biochemical characterization has evolved extensively. Several properties can be described, however, what should be essential is to conduct a proper and physiologically relevant characterization. Herein, the influence of the reaction media (RM) and swelling media (SM)–phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with two different glucose concentrations–is described in gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) hydrogel mechanics and in the biological behavior of two tumoral cell lines (Caco‐2 and HCT‐116). All scaffolds are UV‐photocrosslinked under identical conditions and evaluated for mass swelling ratio and stiffness. The results indicate that stiffness is highly susceptible to the RM, but not to the SM. Additionally, PBS‐prepared hydrogels exhibited a higher photopolymerization degree according to high resolution magic‐angle spinning (HR‐MAS) NMR. These findings correlate with the biological response of Caco‐2 and HCT‐116 cells seeded on the substrates, which demonstrated flatter morphologies on stiffer hydrogels. Overall, cell viability and proliferation are excellent for both cell lines, and Caco‐2 cells displayed a characteristic apical‐basal polarization based on F‐actin/Nuclei fluorescence images. These characterization experiments highlight the importance of conducting mechanical testing of biomaterials in the same medium as cell culture.
Bought but never used: How and when unused utility reduces subsequent spending
Authors: Koley Shruti , Reich Brandon
Published: August 2023

Consumers often buy products that they later do not use. How does failing to use purchased products affect subsequent spending? Six experiments demonstrate that when consumers do not use their purchased products, it decreases their subsequent discretionary spending across product categories due to an aversion to wasted money. We find that this effect is driven primarily by perceived money waste and not product waste. Consequently, the effect persists even when consumers avoid product waste, such as by donating their unused products, but is mitigated when they avoid money waste, such as when their unused products are freely acquired. We also find that failing to use products decreases discretionary spending only when consumers perceive the failure as a temporary setback on their goal to avoid waste but not as an unredeemable goal failure. Moreover, the effect is unique to perceived waste and does not generalize to other forms of financial mismanagement, such as excess spending beyond one's budget. Overall, our research builds a psychological understanding of how consumers think about unused utility and when and why it leads to a future reduction in consumption and spending.
Preventing well leg compartment syndrome among patients in the lithotomy position—Operating room nurses' perspectives: A qualitative study
Authors: Susanne Johansson , Åsa Hörnsten
Published: August 2023

Aim

To describe operating room nurses' experiences of well leg compartment syndrome and how they work perioperative to prevent it during the lithotomy position.

Design

The study had a qualitative design.

Methods

Focus group interviews were performed with 10 operating room (OR) nurses. The interviews were semi‐structured and analysed by qualitative content analysis. The study complied with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).

Results

The main theme showed that the OR nurses shoulder duty and responsibility, independently and in the team, but they need more structural support and knowledge. The themes showed that they follow routines whenever possible and take responsibility for positioning; however, they have to balance between flexibility and strict routines. Although they also develop and participate in teamwork, they still need further knowledge.

Conclusion

The severe complication of well leg compartment syndrome (WLCS) can occur when the patient is in the lithotomy position. Maintaining the same routines and paying attention to the WHO's surgical safety checklist were described as actions that could prevent well leg compartment syndrome.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution. We have interviewed nurses but without financial support since the study was performed and supervised within a master programme.