bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mealworm Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) as a potential candidate to valorize crop residues
Authors: Zim Jamaa , Sarehane Mohammed , Bouharroud Rachid
Published: January 2022

Agricultural activities generate important amount of crop residues that need to be managed in appropriate way usingecofriendly and cost effective tools. The mealworm Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is a potential candidate to valorize crop residues thatcan produce atthe same time an alternative feed based on insect larvae. Four crop residues (citrus, tomato, pepper and potato) mixedwith wheat bran (ratio 50:50) were evaluated as diets for mass rearing of T. molitor under controlled environmental conditions (T= 28 ± 1°C; RH=70 ± 5 % and total darkness). Five zootechnical parameters (weight gain, growth rate, mortality rate, weight of consumed feed and conversion rate) were adopted to evaluate thegrowth and life developmental traits of larvae during 45 days. The effect of crop residues used as diet had a significant impact on bothweight gain and growth rate. Importantly, crop residues used alone has a negative effect on all zootechnical parameters evaluated. Indeed, the amendment of wheat bran has a significant positive impact on these parameters. Citrus and tomato were the most toxic diets showing a mortality rate of 92 and 98 %, respectively. The most efficient diets werethe mixture of citrus residues andwheat branfollowed by the mixture of potato residues and wheat bran and the mixture ofpepper residues and wheat bran. Fed substrate had no impact on conversion rate.
Effect of pyrolysis temperature on adsorption and degradation of THI and IMI by biochar
Authors: Wang Siyao , Peng Hongbo
Published: January 2022

In order to explore the effects of biochar prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures and different solid-liquid ratios on the adsorption and degradation of thiacloprid and imidacloprid in biochar, three biochar were prepared by oxygen pyrolysis with sawdust and as raw materials at 300, 500 °C and 600 °C respectively. The effects of biochar on the adsorption degradation of thiacloprid and Imidacloprid in biochar were studied. The results showed that the addition of biochar could significantly increase the soil pH, available phosphorus and organic carbon content, and reduce the soil H / C. The addition of biochar significantly improved the adsorption of thiacloprid and imidacloprid, and the adsorption capacity increased with the increase of biochar pyrolysis temperature. Biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures had different effects on the degradation of thiacloprid and imidacloprid. The strong adsorption capacity of high temperature biochar system reduces the chemical degradation rate of thiacloprid and imidacloprid. Proper solid-liquid ratio can avoid the waste of adsorbent and achieve the optimal utilization rate. Therefore, the types and properties of biochar should be fully considered when using biochar to repair pesticide contaminated soil.
A modified Kačanov iteration scheme with application to quasilinear diffusion models
Authors: Heid Pascal , Wihler Thomas P.
Published: January 2022

The classical Kačanov scheme for the solution of nonlinear variational problems can be interpreted as a fixed point iteration method that updates a given approximation by solving a linear problem in each step. Based on this observation, we introduce a modified Kačanov method, which allows for (adaptive) damping, and, thereby, to derive a new convergence analysis under more general assumptions and for a wider range of applications. For instance, in the specific context of quasilinear diffusion models, our new approach does no longer require a standard monotonicity condition on the nonlinear diffusion coefficient to hold. Moreover, we propose two different adaptive strategies for the practical selection of the damping parameters involved.
Experimental and numerical modelling of mass transfer in a refining ladle
Authors: Joubert Nelson , Gardin Pascal , Popinet Stéphane , Zaleski Stéphane
Published: January 2022

Mass transfer between liquid steel and slag is an important physical phenomenon during secondary metallurgy for prediction of the chemical reaction rate and adjustment of liquid steel composition. We study this phenomenon at ambient temperature with a water experiment and perform Direct Numerical Simulations, aiming to reproduce an argon-gas bottom-blown ladle. First, we measure the evolution of the time-averaged open-eye area as a function of the air flow rate. Both simulation and experiment agree relatively well and are close to other water experiments in the literature. Secondly, the mass transfer of thymol between water and oil is investigated. The experimental results show that two mass transfer regimes can be observed. The regime change coincides with atomization of the oil layer resulting in the continuous formation of oil droplets in the water whenever the air flow rate rises above a critical value. The numerical results for the mass-transfer rate or Sherwood number are obtained at small Schmidt numbers and are then extrapolated to the experimental Schmidt number of 1480. A good agreement with experiment is observed although with large error bars. The Sherwood numbers at the two largest simulated flow rates show a steep increase.
Endoscopic diverticulotomy for Killian-Jamieson diverticulum: mid-term outcome and description of an ultra-short tunnel technique
Authors: Modayil Rani J. , Zhang Xiaocen , Ali Mohammad , Das Kanak , Gurram Krishna , Stavropoulos Stavros N.
Published: January 2022

Background and study aims Killian-Jamieson Diverticulum (KJD) is a rarer and more recently described upper pharyngeal diverticulum than Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD). KJD is more difficult to manage than ZD because it tends to extend lower into the upper mediastinum and the diverticulum neck is in close proximity to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. There is limited literature on KJD management and transcervical surgical diverticulectomy is the mainstay of therapy.

Patients and methods Here we describe two methods of endoscopic diverticulotomy to treat KJD – direct and tunneling diverticulotomy (with hypopharyngeal tunnel or ultra-short tunnel – the latter being our preferred technique).

Results This was a retrospective study including 13 consecutive patients between March 2015 and April 2018. Three patients received direct and 10 received tunneling diverticulotomy (7 with the hypopharyngeal tunnel and 3 with the ultra-short tunnel). All procedures were completed in 16 to 52 minutes. There was no incidence of bleeding, mediastinitis, or sign of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. At follow up of 9 to 79 months (median 33), the clinical success rate was 92 % (12/13); 11 patients had complete symptom resolution (post-operative symptom score = 0) and one patient had near-complete symptom resolution (occasional residual dysphagia). One patient receiving direct myotomy had limited symptom relief (frequent residual dysphagia and occasional residual regurgitation), possibly related to incomplete myotomy.

Conclusions Endoscopic tunneling diverticulotomy is a feasible, safe, and effective method to treat KJD.
Initial application of deep learning to borescope detection of endoscope working channel damage and residue
Authors: Barakat Monique T. , Girotra Mohit , Banerjee Subhas
Published: January 2022

Background and study aims Outbreaks of endoscopy-related infections have prompted evaluation for potential contributing factors. We and others have demonstrated the utility of borescope inspection of endoscope working channels to identify occult damage that may impact the adequacy of endoscope reprocessing. The time investment and training necessary for borescope inspection have been cited as barriers preventing implementation. We investigated the utility of artificial intelligence (AI) for streamlining and enhancing the value of borescope inspection of endoscope working channels.

Methods We applied a deep learning AI approach to borescope inspection videos of the working channels of 20 endoscopes in use at our academic institution. We evaluated the sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability of this software for detection of endoscope working channel findings.

Results Overall sensitivity for AI-based detection of borescope inspection findings identified by gold standard endoscopist inspection was 91.4 %. Labels were accurate for 67 % of these working channel findings and accuracy varied by endoscope segment. Read-to-read variability was noted to be minimal, with test-retest correlation value of 0.986. Endoscope type did not predict accuracy of the AI system (P = 0.26).

Conclusions Harnessing the power of AI for detection of endoscope working channel damage and residue could enable sterile processing department technicians to feasibly assess endoscopes for working channel damage and perform endoscope reprocessing surveillance. Endoscopes that accumulate an unacceptable level of damage may be flagged for further manual evaluation and consideration for manufacturer evaluation/repair.
Use of endoscopic ultrasound for pancreatic cancer from 2000 to 2016
Authors: Rustgi Sheila D. , Zylberberg Haley M. , Amin Sunil , Aronson Anne , Nagula Satish , DiMaio Christopher J. , Kumta Nikhil A. , Lucas Aimee L.
Published: January 2022

Background and study aims Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Previous studies have suggested a survival benefit for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), an important tool for diagnosis and staging of PC. This study aims to describe EUS use over time and identify factors associated with EUS use and its impact on survival.

Patients and methods This was a retrospective review of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database linked with Medicare claims. EUS use, clinical and demographic characteristics were evaluated. Chi-squared analysis, Cochran-Armitage test for trend, and logistic regression were used to identify associations between sociodemographic and clinical factors and EUS. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard ratios were used for survival analysis.

Results EUS use rose during the time period, from 7.4 % of patients in 2000 to 32.4 % in 2015. Patient diversity increased, with a rising share of older, non-White patients with higher Charlson comorbidity scores. Both clinical (receipt of other therapies, PC stage) and nonclinical factors (region of country, year of diagnosis) were associated with receipt of EUS. While EUS was associated with a survival improvement early in the study period, this effect did not persist for PC patients diagnosed in 2012 to 2015 (median survival 3 month ± standard deviation [SD] 9.8 months without vs. 4 months ± SD 8 months with EUS).

Conclusions Our data support previous studies, which suggest a survival benefit for EUS when it was infrequently used, but finds that benefit was attenuated as EUS became more widely available.
Fehlintubation mittels Larynxtubus bei der Reanimation – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Buschmann Claas T. , Blum Tilman , Preuß-Wössner Johanna , Kerner Thoralf
Published: January 2022

Es wird der Todesfall einer 80-jährigen Patientin, die im Rahmen eines stationären Aufenthalts eine sturzbedingte Thoraxprellung mit Ruptur einer Emphysembulla erlitt, berichtet.
Durch konsekutive Ausbildung eines Spannungspneumothorax wurde die Patientin innerhalb kurzer Zeit reanimationspflichtig. Bei den Wiederbelebungsversuchen kam es zunächst zu einer
Ösophagusperforation durch den eingeführten Larynxtubus; nach „Korrektur“ dieser Lage fand sich der Larynxtubus bei der Obduktion im Kehlkopf einliegend. Eine Pleuradekompression
war trotz eines massiv ausgeprägten Spannungspneumothorax mit ausgedehntem Weichteilemphysem nicht vorgenommen worden. Der dargestellte Fall betont einmal mehr die Notwendigkeit
eines strukturierten Vorgehens im Rahmen des Atemwegsmanagements bei der kardiopulmonalen Reanimation. So hätte jedenfalls der Spannungspneumothorax adressiert werden können. Der
Einsatz einer (sonst im klinischen Alltag nicht verwendeten) supraglottischen Atemwegshilfe sollte intensiv trainiert bzw. eventuell sogar überdacht werden.
Design, development, and experimental setup of near-field electrospinning with a sharp electrode: Influence of procedural parameters on the 3D nanofiber structure
Authors: de la Rosa Gatica Juan A. , Martínez Hernández Ana L. , Vázquez-Nava Nimrod , García-Casillas Perla E. , Velasco-Santos Carlos
Published: January 2022

A near-field electrospinning configuration has been developed to fabricate 3D structures by layer-by-layer stacking. The system or experimental setup consists of a high voltage source, a syringe pump, and the electrospinning equipment which has been designed and built. It works with Arduino Uno as a controller for adjusting the procedural parameters through OpenBuilds CONTROL software using a firmware preloaded on the Arduino Uno. The proposed experimental configuration consists of a collinear arrangement between the spinner and the sharp electrode, which move in the XY directions, keeping the same disposition; this arrangement is designed with the aim of manipulating the electric field (EF) and reducing instabilities associated with the process. The displacement speed (DS) and the distance of work adjust automatically to modify nanofiber features, which improves the flexibility of the system. In order to be efficient and set the EF profile, this was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics® software. Nylon 6,6 polymeric fiber films have been electrospun to evaluate the efficiency of the system setup and the influence of parameters. The fiber morphology is studied by scanning electron microscopy and the chemical structure features are studied by infrared spectroscopy. Parameters such as voltage and DS are studied experimentally and analyzed to determine their effects on the control of fiber deposition. Stacking of up to 15 layers was obtained where the structural characteristics notably depend on the operating parameters.
Experimental observations of multiple modes of filamentary structures in the magnetized dusty plasma experiment (MDPX) device
Authors: Williams S. , Chakraborty Thakur S. , Menati M. , Thomas E.
Published: January 2022

Due to the small charge-to-mass ratio of dust particles, it is often necessary to use large magnetic fields of B ≥ 1 T, in order to observe the influence of magnetic forces in laboratory dusty plasmas. However, when experiments are performed at high magnetic fields in capacitively coupled, radio frequency discharges used for these dusty plasma experiments, the plasma is often observed to form filamentary structures between the electrodes that are aligned to the external magnetic field which disrupt the uniformity of the plasma and adversely impact some of our dusty plasma experiments. Recent experiments performed in the Magnetized Dusty Plasma Experiment device seek to identify and characterize these filamentary structures. This paper discusses the morphology of several distinct filamentary modes that are formed in low temperature argon plasmas. Three different spatial modes of filaments that appear to be strongly dependent on the magnetic field and neutral pressure are identified. There is strong evidence that each spatial mode has a threshold condition that is dependent on the ion Hall parameter. The criteria for the formation of the filaments are shown to be consistent with predictions of recent numerical simulations.
A maximum entropy formalism model for the breakup of a droplet
Authors: Kuo Chia-Wei , Trujillo Mario F.
Published: January 2022

A model for the prediction of the size and velocity distribution of daughter droplets created by the breakup of an unstable parent droplet is proposed. The basis of the model is the maximum entropy formalism, which states that the most probable joint probability density function (JPDF) for the daughter droplet population is the one that maximizes the Bayesian entropy conditional on the enforcement of a set of constraints, which are the conservation laws for the problem. The result is a closed-form expression for the JPDF. Validation against experimental and Direct Numerical Simulations data over the bag, multimode, and sheet-thinning breakup regimes is included. Predictions from the model show that the daughter droplet velocity distribution widens as the droplet size decreases. This result is due to a heightened sensitivity to drag force with lower droplet inertia and coincides with spray behavior. The velocity distribution is found to be near Gaussian. The model does not treat size and velocity as independently distributed, as generally assumed in the literature. In fact, marginal conditional densities derived from JPDF show that the distribution of size and velocity are interrelated.
Optimization of LPCVD phosphorous-doped SiGe thin films for CMOS-compatible thermoelectric applications
Authors: Schwinge Caroline , Kühnel Kati , Emara Jennifer , Roy Lisa , Biedermann Kati , Weinreich Wenke , Kolodinski Sabine , Wiatr Maciej , Gerlach Gerald , Wagner-Reetz Maik
Published: January 2022

The incessant downscaling of building blocks for memory and logic in computer chips requires energy-efficient devices. Thermoelectric-based temperature sensing, cooling as well as energy harvesting could be useful methods to reach reliable device performance with stable operating temperatures. For these applications, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible and application ready thin films are needed and have to be optimized. In this work, we investigate the power factor of different phosphorous-doped silicon germanium (SiGe) films fabricated in a 300 mm CMOS-compatible cleanroom. For the thermoelectric characterization, we used a custom-built setup to determine the Seebeck coefficient and sheet resistance. For sample preparation, we used low pressure chemical vapor deposition with in situ doping and subsequent rapid thermal annealing on 300 mm wafers. Thin film properties, such as film thickness (12–250 nm), elemental composition, crystallinity, and microstructure, are studied via spectroscopic ellipsometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and TEM. The SiGe-based thin films vary in the ratio of Si to Ge to P and doping concentrations. A power factor of 0.52 mW/m K2 could be reached by doping variation. Our results show that SiGe is a very attractive CMOS-compatible material on the 300 mm wafer level and is immediately ready for production of thermoelectric embedded applications.
Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations of Cu4On−/0 (n = 1–4): Identification of stable quasi-square structure for Cu4O4−
Authors: Yan Shuai-Ting , Xu Hong-Guang , Xu Xi-Ling , Zheng Wei-Jun
Published: January 2022

We investigated Cu4On− (n = 1–4) clusters through a synergetic combination of mass-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. It is found that the most stable structure of Cu4O− is an irregular planar pentagon with a Cs symmetry. Those of Cu4O2− and Cu4O3− are non-planar structures with a Cs symmetry. The global minimum geometry of Cu4O4− is a D4h symmetric quasi-square eight-membered ring with Cu–O bond lengths of ∼1.78 Å. The molecular orbital analyses suggest that Cu4O4− has a large highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap. The chemical bonding analyses and the calculations of the magnetically induced current density, and NICS(0) and NICS(1) values indicate that the D4h structure of Cu4O4− is very stable and it has some aromaticity.
Effects of viscoelasticity on the onset of vortex shedding and forces applied on a cylinder in unsteady flow regime
Authors: Minaeian Ali , Nili-AhmadAbadi Mahdi , Norouzi Mahmood , Kim Kyung Chun
Published: January 2022

The present paper aims to investigate the effect of viscoelasticity on the onset of vortex shedding of a high concentration polymer solution over a cylinder using the finite volume method for the first time. To describe the behavior of the viscoelastic fluid, mathematically, the Phan–Thien–Tanner (PTT) model is employed. The convergence problems are resolved using the rheoFoam solver developed by previous researchers based on the log-conformation method. The exact critical Reynolds number (Recr), which corresponds to the onset of vortex shedding, is estimated by implementing numerous unsteady simulations at each elasticity number (El). The Recr is also calculated at every retardation ratio (β) and elongational viscosity. The results revealed a significant impact of viscoelasticity on Recr so that the flow of a high viscosity ratio PTT becomes unstable at higher Re (at very low El) or lower Re (at higher El), compared to a Newtonian fluid. In addition, Recr decreases linearly with β according to Recr=−34.5β+46.525 and increases with extensional viscosity. It is also found that β plays a vital role in the effect of viscoelasticity on the flow parameters. The averaged drag coefficient (CD¯) and the amplitude of lift coefficient (CLmax) do not have similar behaviors for low and high β. Moreover, viscoelasticity enlarges the vortices and increases the shedding frequency. A comprehensive physical analysis of flow structures is carried out using the distribution of time-averaged stress components and pressure over the cylinder. The numerical results demonstrated the three regimes of drag reduction at El < 0.015, drag enhancement at 0.015 < E1 < 1, and a Newtonian behavior at El > 1 that is an opposite trend compared to a steady regime. The variations of CLmax with El are also similar to CD¯, but at different critical elasticity numbers (El = 0.005 and 2). It is found that the normal stress changes the drag force by the variation of pressure distribution over the cylinder, while the shear stress directly affects the drag and lift forces. In addition, the viscoelasticity decreases the size of the vortices behind the cylinder and increases their vorticity, and changes the position of maximum normal stress, which leads to drag variations. It was also concluded that the higher the elongational viscosities, the lower the shedding frequency.
Holstein strain affects energy and feed efficiency in a grazing dairy system
Authors: Talmón Daniel , Mendoza Alejandro , Carriquiry Mariana
Published: January 2022

Context Improving the partitioning of the energy consumed by dairy cows towards milk-solid production is a priority in grazing diary systems because energy efficiency has been associated with sustainability. Different selection criteria in the Holstein breed have led to divergent Holstein strains with different suitability to grazing systems. Aim The objective of this work was to quantify and evaluate the energy partitioning between maintenance and milk production of two divergent Holstein strains (New Zealand Holstein and North American Holstein) in a grazing system without supplementation of concentrate. Methods New Zealand Holstein and North American Holstein cows, nine of each, in mid-lactation (183 ± 37 days in milk, mean ± s.d.) were allocated in a randomised block design and evaluated under grazing conditions. The cows were managed under a daily strip-grazing system and grazed perennial ryegrass as the only source of nutrients. After an adaptation period of 14 days, heat production, retained energy in milk and metabolisable energy intake were measured over 7 days, and animal behaviour was simultaneously recorded. Key results Milk yield did not differ between Holstein strains, but fat and protein content were greater for New Zealand than North American Holstein cows; consequently, retained energy in milk was 13% greater for the former strain. Heat production did not differ between Holstein strains, but metabolisable energy intake (kJ/bodyweight0.75.day) was greater for New Zealand than North American Holstein cows, which was associated with a greater pasture dry matter intake relative to their body weight. Both feed and energy efficiency were greater for New Zealand than North American Holstein cows. Conclusions The results supported that the New Zealand Holstein strain has greater energy and feed efficiency, demonstrating that it could be more suitable to be managed under a grazing dairy system without supplementation than the North American Holstein strain. Implications The New Zealand Holstein strain may be suited to selection as a dairy cow with the capacity to fulfil energy requirements from pasture, which is a key factor to improve production efficiency of grazing dairy systems.
A new species of
Authors: Plunkett George T. , Bruhl Jeremy J. , Wilson Karen L.
Published: January 2022

We investigated the limits of Lepidosperma congestum R.Br. and a putative new species of Lepidosperma Labill. from Victoria and South Australia. Phenetic analyses (flexible UPGMA agglomerative hierarchical fusion and semi-strong hybrid multidimensional scaling) were conducted on a dataset derived from morphological characters scored from herbarium material. The results of our analyses supported the recognition of a new species, which we describe here as Lepidosperma hispidulum G.T.Plunkett, J.J.Bruhl & K.L.Wilson. Our results clarified the differences among L. congestum, L. laeve R.Br. and L. hispidulum, the first two of which have often been misidentified. We also discuss the distribution, habitat and conservation status of L. hispidulum.
Cell-free DNA profiling informs all major complications of hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Cheng Alexandre Pellan , Cheng Matthew Pellan , Loy Conor James , Lenz Joan Sesing , Chen Kaiwen , Smalling Sami , Burnham Philip , Timblin Kaitlyn Marie , Orejas José Luis , Silverman Emily , Polak Paz , Marty Francisco M. , Ritz Jerome , De Vlaminck Iwijn
Published: January 2022

Significance

Hematopoietic cell transplantation is the gold standard treatment for many blood disorders, including blood cancers. Nonetheless, frequent post-transplant complications limit the long-term benefit of HCT. Here, we find that circulating cell-free DNA is a highly versatile analyte for monitoring of the most important complications of HCT: Graft-Versus-Host Disease, infection, graft failure and disease relapse. We show that these different therapeutic complications can be informed from a single cell-free DNA sequencing assay followed by disease-specific bioinformatic analyses. This test requires only low coverage DNA sequencing and is compatible with small volumes of blood. Cell-free DNA may improve the care of allogeneic HCT recipients by enabling earlier detection and better prediction of the complex array of complications that occur after HCT.
Engineered human antibodies for the opsonization and killing ofStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chen Xinhai , Schneewind Olaf , Missiakas Dominique
Published: January 2022

Significance

Staphylococcus aureusinvariably acquires resistance mechanisms against new antibiotics. The persistent colonization withS. aureusis the key risk factor for invasive disease and a driver for the evolution of antibiotic resistant isolates. Anti-S. aureusantibodies that could promote decolonization, prevent infection, or treat disease would alleviate the selection for drug resistance. The successful development of such antibodies is complicated by Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) in the envelope ofS. aureus. SpA captures immunoglobulins via their constant region, preventing antibodies from initiating anti-staphylococcal activities. Here, we demonstrate that therapeutic anti-S. aureusantibodies can be engineered to avoid sequestration by SpA. Such antibodies display extended half-lives and improve bacterial uptake and killing by immune cells.
‘Fact type’ complementizer in Guadeloupean Creole
Authors: Tramutoli Laura
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to give account of the distribution in Guadeloupean Creole of the form of the complementizer
kè. It claims that it has a specific distribution, as it seems to appear in opposition to the zero form.
Besides a sociolinguistic component, the presence of kè is associable with the fact type semantics of the
completive event (Dixon 2006), and so do other grammatical functions and markers that
are featured in the completive clauses when kè is present, such as independent TAM markers on the verb and the
obligatory featuring of a subject form in case of subject coreference.
Politeness and pragmatic transfer in L2 pronominal address usage
Authors: Wang Yixin
Published: January 2022

This study investigates how Chinese learners of Spanish, who have a T/V distinction in their first language (L1),
use the T/V address forms in Spanish as a second language (L2). Findings show that the learners rely mainly on their L1 pragmatic
knowledge to employ the T/V in the L2. Despite having relatively good grammatical control of T/V, the learners produced frequent
T/V alternation due to negative pragmatic transfer. In Chinese using V normally conveys speaker’s perception of a high-power
differential and in relationships that are borderline T or V usage, shifting from T to V can convey deference and tends to
co-occur with face-threatening or face-enhancing acts. The learners transferred from Chinese their tendency to use V to express
deference and overutilized this politeness strategy in Spanish regardless of their relationship with the addressee. This
problematic usage may generate negative social consequences and calls for pedagogical intervention.
Paradigm Change Through the Tiaki Promise
Authors: Bronwyn Hutchison
Published: January 2022

In the face of continued environmental, social and cultural degradation, what the world needs is a paradigm shift. A change in our paradigm (deepest worldviews and mindsets) to reflect our intrinsic connection with nature and the interconnectedness between people and place. Tourism is one place in which this can start. As one of the world’s largest industries tourism touches lives across the globe. It offers potential economic, social, environmental and cultural benefits, but equally it can have a negative impact on these factors. This is particularly so when tourism follows the dominant neoliberal paradigm which seeks growth over all else. An outcome of this neoliberal approach has been poor tourist behaviour that reflects the prioritization of tourist demands and growth in tourist numbers and expenditure over all else. One response to such behaviour has been the development of destination pledges. The Tiaki Promise destination pledge sows the seed for the common cause values, such as caring for others and connection with nature, that can facilitate paradigm change.

Information

Thanks to the ‘Good Tourism’ Blog for introducing the author to Tourism Cases

© Bronwyn Hutchison 2022
Lung tumor MHCII immunity depends on in situ antigen presentation by fibroblasts
Authors: Kerdidani Dimitra , Aerakis Emmanouil , Verrou Kleio-Maria , Angelidis Ilias , Douka Katerina , Maniou Maria-Anna , Stamoulis Petros , Goudevenou Katerina , Prados Alejandro , Tzaferis Christos , Ntafis Vasileios , Vamvakaris Ioannis , Kaniaris Evangelos , Vachlas Konstantinos , Sepsas Evangelos , Koutsopoulos Anastasios , Potaris Konstantinos , Tsoumakidou Maria
Published: January 2022

A key unknown of the functional space in tumor immunity is whether CD4 T cells depend on intratumoral MHCII cancer antigen recognition. MHCII-expressing, antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts (apCAFs) have been found in breast and pancreatic tumors and are considered to be immunosuppressive. This analysis shows that antigen-presenting fibroblasts are frequent in human lung non-small cell carcinomas, where they seem to actively promote rather than suppress MHCII immunity. Lung apCAFs directly activated the TCRs of effector CD4 T cells and at the same time produced C1q, which acted on T cell C1qbp to rescue them from apoptosis. Fibroblast-specific MHCII or C1q deletion impaired CD4 T cell immunity and accelerated tumor growth, while inducing C1qbp in adoptively transferred CD4 T cells expanded their numbers and reduced tumors. Collectively, we have characterized in the lungs a subset of antigen-presenting fibroblasts with tumor-suppressive properties and propose that cancer immunotherapies might be strongly dependent on in situ MHCII antigen presentation.
Late time cosmology in

f(R,G)

-gravity with interacting fluids
Authors: Paul B C , Chanda A , Beesham A , Maharaj S D
Published: January 2022

Cosmological models are obtained in a f(R) modified gravity with a coupled Gauss–Bonnet (GB) terms in the gravitational action. The dynamical role of the GB terms is explored with a coupled dilaton field in two different cases (I)

f

(

R

)

=
R
+
γ

R

2

−
λ

R

3

m

s

2

δ

where γ, λ and δ are arbitrary constants and (II) f(R) = R and estimate the constraints on the model parameters. In the first case we choose GB terms coupled with a free scalar field in the presence of interacting fluid and in the second case GB terms coupled with scalar field in a self interacting potential to compare the observed Universe. The evolutionary scenario of the Universe is obtained adopting a numerical technique as the field equations are highly non-linear. Defining a new density parameter Ω
H
, a ratio of the dark energy (DE) density to the present energy density of the non-relativistic matter, we look for a late accelerating Universe. The state finder parameters Ω
H
, deceleration parameter (q), jerk parameter (j) are plotted. It is noted that a non-singular Universe with oscillating cosmological parameters for a given strength of interactions is admitted in model-I. The gravitational coupling constant λ is playing an important role. The Lagrangian density of f(R) is found to dominate over the GB terms when oscillating phase of DE arises. In model-II, we do not find oscillation of the cosmological parameters as the Universe evolves. In the presence of interaction the energy from radiation sector of matter cannot flow to the other two sectors of fluid. The range of values of the strengths of interaction of the fluids are estimated for a stable Universe assuming the primordial gravitational wave speed equal to unity.
Study of acceleration measurement in gravitational wave detection
Authors: Li Junlang , Zhang Teng
Published: January 2022

Position-meter and speed-meter interferometers have been analysed for detecting gravitational waves. Speed-meter is proposed to reduce the radiation pressure noise, which is dominant at low frequency. We introduce the concept of acceleration measurement in comparison with position and speed measurement. In this paper, we describe a general acceleration measurement and derive its standard quantum limit. We provide an example of an acceleration-meter interferometer configuration. We show that shot noise dominates at low frequency following a frequency dependence of 1/Ω2, while radiation pressure noise is constant. The acceleration-meter has even a stronger radiation pressure noise suppression than speed-meter.
Theoretical and experimental study of motion and sinking time of Saxon bowls
Authors: Jaikumar Sankar , Yang Liu
Published: January 2022

This work focuses on investigating the time of sinking of a Saxon bowl proposed by ‘International Young Physicists’ Tournament in 2020. A quasi-static model is built to simulate the motion path of the bowl and predict the sinking time subsequently. The model assumes an open axisymmetric bowl with a hole in its base. The hole is modelled as a pipe for which the flow profile is governed by a modified Bernoulli’s equation which has a coefficient of discharge (C
d) added to account for energy losses. The motion of the entire bowl is assumed to be in quasi-static equilibrium for an infinitesimal time interval to calculate the volumetric flow rate through the hole. The model is used to predict the sinking times of various bowls against independent variables—hole radius, bowl dimensions, mass of bowl, mass distribution of bowl, and coefficient of discharge—and predict the motion path of bowls of different, axisymmetric geometries. Characterisation of C
d was done by draining a bowl filled with water and measuring the time taken to do so. Experimental verification was completed through measuring sinking times of 3D printed hemispherical bowls of the different variables in water. Motion tracking of bowls with different geometries was done using computational pixel tracking software to verify the model’s predictive power. Data from experiments for sinking time against the variables corroborate with the model to a great degree. The motion path tracked, matched the modelled motion path to a high degree for bowls of different shapes, namely a hemisphere, cylinder, frustum, and a free-form axisymmetric shape. The work is poised for an undergraduate level of readership.
Enhanced field emission performance of Si nanopillars coated with LaB6 hats fabricated by microspheres lithography
Authors: Fan Haodong , Wang Xiaoju , Zha Linhong , Qi Kangcheng , Gu Zengjie
Published: January 2022

LaB6 nanofilm is coated on the top surface of silicon nanopillars forming a field emission array (FEA). Such a structure will be referred to subsequently as a ‘LaB6 hat-coated Si-FEA’. The electron emission mechanism of the LaB6 hat-coated Si-FEA is analyzed by OPERA simulation software. It reveals that the electron emission mainly depends on the LaB6 film edge. Moreover, the LaB6 hat-coated Si-FEA sample is prepared by microsphere lithography, and the field emission properties are tested. The results show that when the anode voltage is 850 V, the field emission current density reaches 458 mA cm−2, which is in good agreement with the simulation results. This work demonstrates that the field emission cathodes with low cost, high integration and high current can be realized by using LaB6 as emitter material combined with microsphere lithography technology.
A computational study of the interaction of oxygenates with the surface of rutile TiO2(110). Structural and electronic trends
Authors: Rohmann C , Idriss H
Published: January 2022

A variety of OH containing molecules in their different modes of adsorption onto the rutile TiO2(110) are studied by means of density functional theory. A special focus is given to ethanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol. The different species were analyzed with respect to the adsorption energy, work function, and atomic Bader charges. Our results show that dissociated adsorption is favored in all cases. Within these modes, the strongest binding is observed in the case of bidentate fully dissociated adsorption, followed by bidentate partially dissociated then the monodentate dissociated modes. The dependence is also noted upon charge transfer analysis. Species adsorbing with two dissociated OH groups show a negative charge which is roughly twice as large compared to those exhibiting only one dissociated group. In the case of molecular adsorption, we find a small positive charge on the adsorbate. The change in work functions obtained is found to be negative in all studied cases. We observe a trend of the work function change being more negative for glycerol (3 OH groups) followed by ethylene glycol (2 OH groups) and the remaining alcohols (1 OH group), thus indicating that the number of OH groups present is an important factor in regards to work function changes. For the complete series of adsorbates studied (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, hydrogen peroxide and formic acid) there is a linear relationship between the change in the work function and the adsorption energy for the molecular adsorption mode. The relationship is less pronounced for the dissociated adsorption mode for the same series.
Effect of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling on supercurrent rectification and magnetochiral anisotropy of ballistic Josephson junctions
Authors: Baumgartner C , Fuchs L , Costa A , Picó-Cortés Jordi , Reinhardt S , Gronin S , Gardner G C , Lindemann T , Manfra M J , Faria Junior P E , Kochan D , Fabian J , Paradiso N , Strunk C
Published: January 2022

Simultaneous breaking of inversion- and time-reversal symmetry in Josephson junction (JJ) leads to a possible violation of theI(φ) = −I(−φ) equality for the current–phase relation. This is known as anomalous Josephson effect and it produces a phase shiftφ0in sinusoidal current–phase relations. In ballistic JJs with non-sinusoidal current phase relation the observed phenomenology is much richer, including the supercurrent diode effect and the magnetochiral anisotropy (MCA) of Josephson inductance. In this work, we present measurements of both effects on arrays of JJs defined on epitaxial Al/InAs heterostructures. We show that the orientation of the current with respect to the lattice affects the MCA, possibly as the result of a finite Dresselhaus component. In addition, we show that the two-fold symmetry of the Josephson inductance reflects in the activation energy for phase slips.
An in-situ conductometric apparatus for physicochemical characterization of solutions and in-line monitoring of separation processes at elevated temperatures and pressures
Authors: Yoon Tae Jun , Riglin Jacob D , Sharan Prashant , Currier Robert P , Maerzke Katie A , Findikoglu Alp T
Published: January 2022

Specific conductance and frequency-dependent resistance (impedance) data are widely utilized for understanding the physicochemical characteristics of aqueous and non-aqueous fluids and for evaluating the performance of chemical processes. However, the implementation of such an in-situ probe in high-temperature and high-pressure environments is not trivial. This work provides a description of both the hardware and software associated with implementing a parallel-type in-situ electrochemical sensor. The sensor can be used for in-line monitoring of thermal desalination processes and for impedance measurements in fluids at high temperature and pressure. A comparison between the experimental measurements on the specific conductance in aqueous sodium chloride solutions and the conductance model demonstrate that the methodology yields reasonable agreement with both the model and literature data. A combination of hardware components, a software-based correction for experimental artifacts, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations used in this work provide a sound basis for implementing such in-situ electrochemical sensors to measure frequency-dependent resistance spectra.
Weak fault feature extraction of rolling element bearings based on ensemble tunable Q-factor wavelet transform and non-dominated negentropy
Authors: Gu Xiaohui , Yang Shaopu , Liu Yongqiang , Liu Zechao , Hao Rujiang
Published: January 2022

TunableQ-factor wavelet transform (TQWT) has been proven to be usable in the fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings; however, its performance is heavily dependent on the selection of theQ-factor for decomposition and the optimal subband for reconstruction. In this paper, a novel method based on ensemble TQWT and non-dominated negentropy is proposed for weak repetitive transient extraction. Firstly, the vibration signal is decomposed with couples ofQ-factors and redundancies to match the fault-induced oscillatory behaviors. Then, negentropy is utilized to evaluate the square envelopes and square envelope spectra of all subband signals from impulsiveness and cyclostationarity, respectively. After that, Pareto filtering is performed to search for the non-dominated set, and the knee point in the Pareto front is drawn on a distance metric for decision-making of the optimal subband. Finally, single branch reconstruction of the optimal subband is conducted to identify the fault characteristics for diagnosis. The effectiveness of the proposed non-dominated negentropy in weak fault feature extraction of rolling element bearings is verified by both simulation and experimental case studies. Furthermore, comparative studies also demonstrate its superiority over three peer ensemble TQWT methods.
Numerical simulation of microstructure evolution of high-purity tantalum during rolling and annealing
Authors: Li Wei , Liang Chen , Zhang Xudong
Published: January 2022

In this study, a unified model of thermoplastic deformation and the corresponding microstructure evolution for tantalum with high purity was first proposed by introducing the state variable equations of recrystallization fraction, average grain size, and grain growth. The subroutine of microstructure evolution model was programmed for embedding into the finite element simulation of tantalum plates upon rolling and annealing, and the parameters of microstructure evolution were obtained by fitting the experimental data. Our simulation results reveal the correlations among the microstructures, rolling reduction, annealing temperature and time. Based on these findings, a guideline for optimizing the microstructure of tantalum is proposed.
Wire, hybrid, and laser-cut X-pinches as Talbot–Lau backlighters for electron density diagnostics
Authors: Valdivia M P , Collins IV G W , Conti F , Beg F N
Published: January 2022

Talbot–Lau x-ray deflectometry (TXD) enables refraction-based imaging for high-energy-density physics experiments, and thus, it has been studied and developed with the goal of diagnosing plasmas relevant to inertial confinement and magnetic liner inertial fusion. X-pinches, known for reliably generating fast (∼1 ns), small (∼1 µm) x-ray sources, were driven on the compact current driver generator for ablation structure and implosion studies (∼200 kA, 150 ns) as a potential backlighter source for TXD. Considering that different X-pinch configurations have characteristic advantages and drawbacks as x-ray generating loads, three distinct copper X-pinch configurations were studied: the wire X-pinch, the hybrid X-pinch, and the laser-cut X-pinch. The Cu K-shell emission from each configuration was characterized and analyzed regarding the specific backlighter requirements for an 8 keV TXD system: spatial and temporal resolution, number of sources, time of emission, spectrum, and reproducibility. Recommendations for future experimental improvements and applications are presented. The electron density of static objects was retrieved from Moiré images obtained through TXD. This allowed to calculate the mass density of static samples within 4% of the expected value for laser-cut X-pinches, which were found to be the optimal X-pinch configuration for TXD due to their high reproducibility, small source size (⩽5 µm), short duration (∼1 ns), and up to 106 W peak power near 8 keV photon energy. Plasma loads were imaged through TXD for the first-time using laser-cut X-pinch backlighting. Experimental images were compared with simulations from the x-ray wave-front propagation code, demonstrating that TXD can be a powerful x-ray refraction-based diagnostic for dense Z-pinch loads. Future plans for Talbot–Lau interferometry diagnostics in the pulsed-power environment are described.
Fast-electron maintaining a high shock-ignition gain with a significant decrease in the laser pulse energy
Authors: Gus’kov S Yu , Demchenko N N , Dmitriev E O , Kuchugov P A , Vergunova G A , Yakhin R A
Published: January 2022

The effect of energy transfer by laser-accelerated fast electrons on thermonuclear gain of a shock-ignited ICF target at different powers and durations of the high-intensity part of the laser pulse (spike) responsible for igniting shock wave generation has been investigated on the basis of hydro-kinetic numerical simulations. The key result of these studies is that the fast-electron energy transfer is able to provide a great contribution to igniting shock wave pressure to maintain a high thermonuclear gain with a significant decrease in the energy of the igniting part of the laser pulse. Calculations were performed for the 2nd harmonic Nd-laser pulse in order to justify shock-ignition experiments at the Megajoule-class facility, which is currently under construction in Russia. Spike energy conversion to fast electron energy and its temperature were selected in the ranges, which are discussed in the literature. It has been found that fast electrons with a temperature of 50–70 keV, whose energy contains 20%–40% of spike energy, make such a large contribution to the pressure of the igniting shock wave that the gain factor retains its value of 70–80 with spike energy decrease by 1.5–2 times.