bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gated branch neural network for mandatory lane changing suggestion at the on‐ramps of highway
Authors: Dou Yangliu , Fang Yihao , Hu Chuan , Zheng Rong , Yan Fengjun
Published: August 2018

A gated branch neural network (GBNN) is proposed for modelling mandatory lane changing (MLC) behaviour at the on‐ramps of highways. It provides a core algorithm for an MLC suggestion system for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), where the main challenge is the trade‐off between computational speed and prediction accuracy for both non‐merge and merge events. The GBNN algorithm employs a gated branch based on correlation analysis, scaled exponential linear units activation function, and adaptive moment estimation optimiser. The algorithm has been evaluated using the real‐world dataset of U.S. Highway 101 and Interstate 80 from Federal Highway Administration's Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM). Input features are extracted from NGSIM and pre‐processed by standardisation and principal component analysis. TensorFlow framework and Python are used as the development platform. Results show that the proposed GBNN algorithm with the Pearson correlation method has values of 97.7%, 96.3%, and 0.990 for non‐merge accuracy, merge accuracy, and receiver operating characteristic score, respectively. It outperforms other traditional binary classifiers for MLC applications, and is more light‐weight than a convolutional neural network (AlexNet) of deep learning algorithm. Owing to its compact architecture, the GBNN provides high accuracy and efficiency, demonstrating promising usage as an MLC suggestion system in ADAS.
Car detection and classification using cascade model
Authors: Liang Jun , Chen Xu , He Mei‐ling , Chen Long , Cai Tao , Zhu Ning
Published: August 2018

In recent years, a number of vision‐based classification methods have been proposed. However, a few of them were paid attention to vehicle‐type classification in a real‐world image, which is an important part of the intelligent transportation system. Owing to the large variances of the car appearance in images, it is critical to capture the discriminative object parts that can provide key information about the car pose. In the authors’ project, the traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) models are modified and experiments are followed as well. The model has two main contributions. First, the output shows a confidence score of how likely this box contains a car for each predicted box, which has some certain advantages compared with other models and is quite different from traditional approaches. Another contribution is the fine‐grained classification of the makers and models of a car, which need to train the bounding box predictors as part of the network training. The experiment results show that data enhancement and pre‐train of CNNs with original images can classify the vehicle makes and models with a high accuracy of nearly 80%. Cropping images by cascade methods can increase the precision to 86.6%.
Fuzzy controller design for breast cancer treatment based on fractal dimension using breast thermograms
Authors: Zade Maryam Arab , Khodadadi Hamed
Published: August 2018

In this study, three non‐linear indices consist of compression, one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) fractal dimensions are used for the determination of the malignancy or benignity of cancer tumours in breast thermograms. On the other hand, by developing the high‐precision infrared cameras as well as new methods of image processing, biomedical thermography images have found a prominent position among the others. Furthermore, cancerous tissue can be affected by the laser. In this study, in order to treat the cancerous lesion identified by breast thermograms, the laser parameters are designed. The basis of controller designing is the obtained non‐linear indices. If the indices are moved from the chaotic behaviour to normal condition, the treating tissue is going from cancerous to a healthy condition and the treatment process is completed. Radiation frequency and the energy density of laser are designed as two key elements in the cancer treatment. In this study, the type I and type II fuzzy controllers are employed for the control strategies. Using the proposed closed‐loop control, the non‐linear indices of the cancerous lesion will be reduced during the treatment process. The simulation results on two datasets of breast thermograms indicate the superiority of type II fuzzy controller.
Pseudo-photometric distances of 30 open clusters
Authors: Chelli A. , Duvert G.
Published: August 2018

Aims. We demonstrate that reliable photometric distances of stellar clusters, and more generally of stars, can be obtained using pseudomagnitudes and rough spectral type without having to correct for visual absorption.

Methods. We determine the mean absolute pseudomagnitude of all spectral (sub)types between B and K. Distances are computed from the difference between the star’s observed pseudomagnitude and its spectral type’s absolute pseudomagnitude. We compare the distances of 30 open clusters thus derived against the distances derived from TGAS parallaxes.

Results. Our computed distances, up to distance modulus 12, agree within 0.1 mag rms with those obtained from TGAS parallaxes, proving excellent distance estimates. We show additionally that there are actually two markedly different distances in the cluster NGC 2264.

Conclusions. We suggest that the pseudomagnitude distance estimation method, which is easy to perform, can be routinely used in all large-scale surveys where statistical distances on a set of stars, such as an open cluster, are required.
Simulating the pericentre passage of the Galactic centre star S2
Authors: Schartmann M. , Burkert A. , Ballone A.
Published: August 2018

Context. Our knowledge of the density distribution of the accretion flow around Sgr A* – the massive black hole (BH) at our Galactic centre (GC) – relies on two measurements only: one at a distance of a few Schwarzschild radii (Rs) and one at roughly 105 Rs, which are usually bridged by a power law, which is backed by magnetohydrodynamical simulations. The so-called S2 star reached its closest approach to the massive BH at around 1500 Rs in May 2018. It has been proposed that the interaction of its stellar wind with the high-density accretion flow at this distance from Sgr A* will lead to a detectable, month-long X-ray flare.

Aims. Our goal is to verify whether or not the S2 star wind can be used as a diagnostic tool to infer the properties of the accretion flow towards Sgr A* at its pericentre (an unprobed distance regime), putting important constraints on BH accretion flow models. Methods. We run a series of three-dimensional adaptive mesh refinement simulations with the help of the RAMSES code which include the realistic treatment of the interaction of S2’s stellar wind with the accretion flow along its orbit and – apart from hydrodynamical and thermodynamical effects – include the tidal interaction with the massive BH. These are post-processed to derive the X-ray emission in the observable 2–10 keV window.

Results. No significant excess of X-ray emission from Sgr A* is found for typical accretion flow models. A measurable excess is produced for a significantly increased density of the accretion flow. This can, however, be ruled out for standard power-law accretion flow models as in this case the thermal X-ray emission without the S2 wind interaction would already exceed the observed quiescent luminosity. Only a significant change of the wind parameters (increased mass loss rate and decreased wind velocity) might lead to an (marginally) observable X-ray flaring event.

Conclusion. Even the detection of an (month-long) X-ray flare during the pericentre passage of the S2 star would not allow for strict constraints to be put on the accretion flow around Sgr A* due to the degeneracy caused by the dependence on multiple parameters (of the accretion flow model as well as the stellar wind).
A reevaluation of the 2MASS zero points using CALSPEC spectrophotometry complemented with Gaia Data Release 2 parallaxes
Authors: Maíz Apellániz J. , Pantaleoni González M.
Published: August 2018

Context. 2MASS is the reference survey in the near-infrared (NIR) part of the spectrum due to its whole-sky coverage, large dynamic range, and proven calibration uniformity. However, previous studies disagree on the value of the zero points (ZPs) for its three bands JHK at the hundredth of a magnitude level. The disagreement should become more noticeable now that Gaia provides whole-sky optical photometry calibrated below that level.

Aims. We want to establish the value of the 2MASS ZPs based on NICMOS/HST spectrophotometry of the CALSPEC standard stars and test it with the help of Gaia DR2 parallaxes.

Methods. We have computed the synthetic JHK photometry for a sample of stars using the HST CALSPEC spectroscopic standards and compared it with their 2MASS magnitudes to evaluate the ZPs. We have tested our results by analyzing a sample of FGK dwarfs with excellent 2MASS photometry and accurate Gaia DR2 parallaxes.

Results. The Vega ZPs for 2MASS J, H, and K are found to be −0.025 ± 0.005, 0.004 ± 0.005, and −0.015 ± 0.005 mag, respectively. The analysis of the FGK sample indicates that the new ZPs are more accurate than previous ones.
Chitosan Added as an Antimicrobial in Edible Film and Its Application to The Dodol of Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii L.)
Authors: Warkoyo  , Harini Noor , Hermawan David , Wulandari Yuliarie
Published: August 2018

Eucheuma cottonii L. seaweed contains dietary fiber that can cure some degenerative diseases. Dodol seaweed without preservatives can be an alternative as a functional food that many people need to maintain their health. Generally dodol made with the addition of preservatives to enhance the shelf life. Dodol without preservative makes its easily microbes growth and oxidized, thus making it quickly damaged and not accepted by consumers. The use of active edible film on dodol seaweed is expected to inhibit damage and prolong the shelf life. Chitosan is one of the recommended hydrophobic biopolymers to improve the film characteristics based starch while having antimicrobial activity. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of chitosan concentration on character of edible film, and the effect of its application on weight loss, texture and microbial quantity on dodol seaweed in the storage period. The research results showed that the addition of chitosan can increase tensile and transparency, and decrease of elongation and WVTR edible film. Active edible film application has been shown to inhibit the damage of dodol seaweed during the storage period compared without active edible film and inhibiting microbial growth.
Water Quality, Survival, and Growth of Red Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Cultured In Aquaponics System
Authors: Setiadi Eri , Widyastuti Yohana R. , Heru Prihadi Tri
Published: August 2018

Red tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus is the main commodity of freshwater fish in Indonesia. Red tilapia have a good price compared to tilapia. The aims of this experiment to determine of survival, growth, and water quality of red tilapia cultured in aquaponic system. The treatment of this experiment, namely A) Red tilapia cultured without aquaponic (control), B) Red tilapia cultured with pakcoy, and C) Red tilapia cultured with caisin. The result showed that the highest of survival rate, weight, and length absolute found at Red tilapia cultured with pakcoy (96.00±1.73%, 32.31±0.74g, and 7.57±0.21 cm) and Caisin (96.00±1.73%, 32.31±0.74g, and 7.57±0.21 cm) than that of without aquaponic (86.67±1.15%, 25.77±1.05g, and 6.43±0.31 cm) (P<0.05). Vegetable leaf production of pakcoy was 6.57±0.16 Kg and Caisin was 6.17±0.11 Kg. The water quality parameters such as DO, TAN, nitrite, and nitrate of Red tilapia cultured using aquaponics was better than that of without aquaponic.
Potential of sustainable and biological aspect of sting ray (Dasyatis sp.) as catch fisheries status overview in Java Sea
Authors: Mahdiana Arif , Prayogo Norman Arie , Sulistyo Isdy
Published: August 2018

Stingray fish is a demersal fish commodity in Indonesian waters which decreasing in catch. The purpose of this research is to know the potential of sustainable and some aspects of Stingray fish biology by using the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) indicator as the fishing status in Java Sea. Data of catch and effort taken from production data of year 2006-2015 and primary data to know some aspect of biology is taken at TPI port of Cirebon and Tegal Specification data of fish catching tools Pari obtained from fisherman interview. The data of the catch in the analysis using Surplus Production Method (Schaefer) and observed aspects of stingray biology include: sex ratio and distribution of length of Stingray fish. The results showed the MSY value of Stingray fish was 894.275 tons / year and fMSY value of 34.716 ships / year. The sex ratio of male Stingray fish with female Stingray fish is still balanced, which is 1: 1.34 and the size of long frequency entered into the category of immature fish gonad and fish which first ripe gonad, which ranges between length 16-22 cm both male fish or female. Based on the research results can be concluded that Stingray fish catchment in Java sea still in sustainable condition.
The Effect in the Wastewater Treatment at Soybean Curd of Contact Time Modification of Artificial Wetland Using SSF by Using Schoenoplectus Corymbosus to Improve Water Quality
Authors: Mahdiana Arif , Sahri Siregar Asrul , Sonny Januar C , Arie Prayogo Norman
Published: August 2018

Soybean curd industrial is rapidly growing industry. Characteristic of effluent from soybean curd industrial may contains a lot of organic materials and suspended solids that give negative impact to water. One of the soybean curd industry pollution prevention is a modification of artificial wetlands with sub surface flow system using recirculation by S. corymbosus plant to reduce the value of BOD, TSS and nitrate in soybean curd wastewater. Early of research procedure is prepare wetland construction consist of 8 part box container with a capacity of 75 L, then filled in the basic medium gravel 5 cm, clay 10 cm, and then planted a S. corymbosus by 30 pieces/construction, then drained soybean curd waste that has been diluted through the recirculation pipe for 16 days in the land of green house plant physiology. The result of optimal decline BOD occured on day 12thie 99,7, TSS decline value optimal ie 89,3% on day 12th, and declined of optimal nitrate on day 12thie 89,7%. The decline value of BOD, TSS and nitrate until day 16thhas been standart quality unless TSS according to Perda Jateng no.5 tahun 2012 and PP no.82 tahun 2001.
Phosphorus Loading from Fish Farming Activities to Wadaslintang Reservoir Waters
Authors: Sih Piranti Agatha , RUS Rahayu Diana , Waluyo Gentur
Published: August 2018

Wadaslintang Reservoir located in Wonosobo Regency of Central Java provides to fish farming area using floating net cage. There are 2 feeding system applied that are semi intensively system managed by local community and super intensively managed by PT. Aquafarm. Both different feeding systems resulted in the amount of pollutant load coming into the reservoirs in the form of total P derived from the remaining feed and feces of fish entering into the reservoir. This can trigger the eutrophication condition of the reservoir waters. The purposes of this study were 1) to calculate the capacity of Wadaslintang reservoir to phosphorus load based on its morphometry and hydrology, 2) to evaluate the capacity of wadaslintang reservoir to Phosphorus load from floating net cage activities in wadaslintang reservoir, and 3) to design the program on the reducing load of Total Phosphorus from floating net activities in wadaslintang reservoir. The research was conducted by survey method in the Wadaslintang Reservoir during January 2016 in both locations of floating net cage fish farming. Parameters measured were P content in fish and P content of feed used in both cultivation systems, and P concentration of reservoir water. The amount of pollutant load coming into the reservoir and its impact on the P concentration of water was calculated using the formula. The results showed that Wadaslintang Reservoir to phosphorus load capacity was 106,56 ton P/year. The Phosphorus load from floating net cage was 216,2 ton P/year. The P load from PT. Aquafarm have exceeded the capacity as much as 70,74 ton P/year. In general the existence of fish farming system using floating net cage in Wadaslintang Reservoir has contributed to increase the concentration of P equal to 43,9% or in other words as much as 50% of P load that goes into reservoir of wadaslintang. Programs designed to reduce the phosphorus load could be done by reducing the number of floating net and decreasing all the activities in the catchment area up to 50% to fulfill phosphorus standard of 100 mg/m3.
Potential Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Rose , Zainuri Muhammad , Anggoro Sutrisno , Winanto Tjahjo , Endrawati Hadi
Published: August 2018

Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL), located along side of soutern coast on western part of Central Java 108°46'–109 ° 05'E; 7 ° 34'–7 ° 48'S. SAL is necessasrily ecosistem as nursery ground. This has been becoming important research relating to primary productivity. The existance of antropogenical activities around the area, is changing inrush input into lagoon. This is going to be worried about giving influences in physical, chemistry, and biological factors of the water and causing deflation in rate value of primer productivity. Rainy and dry season's variability with important impacts on the phytoplankton community structure, abundance and dynamics. Furthermore, the number of coastal ecosystems with identified eutrophication symptoms is increasing worldwide due to the increasing anthropogenic pressures. One of 1the first symptoms of eutrophication is enhanced phytoplankton biomass. Generally, Fitoplanton is important biological indicators in the process. However, high abundance of biomass phytoplankton could give harmful effect toward lagoon, they could produce toxic substances that will be accumulated, it can be endangering .The aim of the research is to determine and calculate potential species of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in SAL with spastial and temporal approach. The spatial approach is done at seven different stations of ecological characteristics SAL, with representations: natural factors and the presence of anthropogenic activities. On the temporal approach (time series) for a year, it refers to the monsoon wind pattern, which are called season (western, the transitional season 1, eastern, and the transitional season 2).The results of laboratory tests are discussed descriptively. Phytoplankton sample were taken vertically using plankton nets, meshsize 25 μm. The result showed that SAL have been found and consisted of 82 species from 5 division phytoplankton: Chrysophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Pyrophyta, and Euglenophyta. 20 species from 9 genus were identified potential as HABs, with four genus of them were known having toxin and endangering for human (Nitzschia, Oscillatoria, Anabaena dan Protoperidinium).Whether, five genus do not produce toxins but giving deflation Oxygen of waters with anoxia condition (Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Rhizosolenia, Thalassiosira, Thalassiotrix).The highest of HABS abundance is dominated during the transitional season II. On the spatial approach, antropoegenic characteristics station contribute to the whole height of HABs. Influence of rainfall, spatially, antropogenical pressure, and hydrodinamical watres causing enhancement of HABs potency.
Interaction of oceanography patterns towards the abundance of phytoplankton, zooplankton and ichthyoplankton in teluk penyu waters of Cilacap
Authors: Eko Dwi Haryono Florencius , Dewi Rose , Budhi Pramono Taufik , Ahda Sumantri Rifki , Nur Cahyo Tri , Wisudyanti Dewi
Published: August 2018

Coastal waters of Teluk Penyu-Cilacap district is an enlarging area for many species of fish larvae. The waters is directly influenced by the physical, chemical and biological of Indian Ocean patterns. Fish communities inhabit in gulf waters to take advantage of the high productivity in the coastal waters to support their livelihoods. The gulf area is usually associate with other productive ecosystems i.e. rivers that empties into it and mangrove forests. The study aim is to analyze the influence of oceanography pattern to the existence of ichthyoplankton [fish larvae] inhabit at Teluk Penyu waters of Cilacap district. Sampling is conducted monthly from April - June 2009 at 3 sites. The sites were set 1 mile of distance from coastline at Teluk Penyu Cilacap, PPSC and RSPC waters. Fish larvae were collected using larvae net mesh size 0.5 mm and 75 cm mouth diameter and phytoplankton and zooplankton are collected using plankton net . Larvae net was towed on the surface of the waters using a motorized boat with a speed 1 knot. Data were analyzed statistically based on Principal Components Analysis/PCA. 30 species of phytoplankton and 25 species of zooplankton species were identified from the waters. The species of phytoplankton and zooplankton were obtained difference species at each site. The highest abundance of phytoplankton were species of Chaetoceros and the abundance of zooplankton from the highest subsequence are species of Coelosphaerium dubium and Platydorina. The highest of relative abundance of ichthyoplankton in Teluk Penyu tourism waters was obtained 41,463% of the crawfish [Crumrnophthalmus spp.], followed by pheasant fish [Auriglobus nefastus] 8.53667%, and swordfish (Chirocentrus dorab spp.) 2.439%, and fish beloso [Tumbilic saurida] and gulamah fish (Johnius dussumieri) which are 1.2195%. The abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton associated to ichthyoplankton abundance. The Southern of Teluk Penyu gulf waters was highest abundance area of ichthyoplankton.
Effects of el nino on distribution of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature in northen to southern sunda strait
Authors: Trenggono Mukti , Amron Amron , Avia Pasha Wanda , Lazuardy Rolian Damar
Published: August 2018

Sunda Strait is an important passage for the Java Sea water to flow into the Indian Ocean. There is Java sea in North close to Karimata Strait and Eastern Indian Ocean in South part. Headed from north to south of Sunda Strait, has a high primary productivity that signifies the fertility of water. The strong El Nino (SOI) in 2015, hypothesized to affect variability values of a-chlorophyll content and sea surface temperature in this area. The research aims to know the distribution pattern of chlorophyll-a, and sea surface temperature due to El Nino effect on transition season I (March, April and May 2015). The relationship of both with SOI was analyzed by simple linear correlation analysis. The results showed that the distribution of chlorophyll-a in Northen Sunda Strait is not affected by El Nino but comes from the mouth of the Musi River. The pattern of sea surface temperature distribution from Northern to Southern of Sunda Strait showed in this area affected by El Nino so that the temperature is cooler. The relationship of chlorophyll-a with SOI has a negative moderate correlation (-0.532), indicating that chlorophyll-a in this waters have the direction opposite to SOI and sea surface temperature with SOI has a strong positive correlation (of 0.959).
Law and Justice for the Oceans: Study on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing and Related Crimes
Authors: Yuliantiningsih Aryuni , Hartiwiningsih  , Maman Suherman Ade , Latifah Emmy
Published: August 2018

This article examined the ethical and moral dimensions of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing and related crimes and explores the means to realize justice for the oceans. It needed a new paradigm for addressing the issues. The methods of discussion used statute approach and philosophical approach. Based on the research, it was known that IUU fishing related to other crimes and Transnational Organized Crime, so it was necessary to recognize the concept of transnational organized fisheries crime. The IPOA-IUU fishing and UNCLOS 1982 were not adequate to counter it. In the terms of ethics and morals, IUU fishing had violated the ecosystems ethics, the principles of sustainability, values of respect for human rights and justice for the oceans. Justice for the oceans can be realized with recognition of the ocean rights. It meant, the oceans was recognized had the equal position with humans. The oceans needed space to breathe and to breed for recovery itself. The legal consequences of the recognition of oceans rights, among others, extended the legal standing. It provided sanctions for perpetrators and provided obligations for States to protect the ocean rights.
Coastal Community Response to the Movement of Literacy: a study on literacy culture in Demak pesantren's
Authors: Suharso Putut , Sarbini Sarbini
Published: August 2018

Coastal communities as open societies have historically known the tradition of literacy rather than inland communities. Openness has greatly influenced the teachings of Islam, which later developed into a Coastal Islam. Coastal Islam was born as a consequence of the birth of pesantren along the coast of Java. For pesantren, literacy culture is often interpreted as a routine activity of reading and writing that can not be separated from modern human lifestyle, especially in the world of education (school). In this millennial era, the culture of literacy is declining, along with the rapid use of social media as a new source of information. This study uses a cultural approach that attempts to describe the empirical realities of coastal communities, in the form of social movements, beliefs, social and cultural behaviors related to cultural literacy in pesantren of Demak district. To analyze the event by collecting data through observation, interview, and tracking documentation narrated in the form of qualitative-descriptive with descriptive-interpretative analysis. The results of research include; first Salafiyah-type pesantren view literacy culture is the same as reading al-Quran and tool books (Arabic) to understand the Qur'an and Sunnah. Both pesantrens of combination type, The culture of literacy understood the effort towards the culture of the Qur'an and Sunnah for the personal stabilization of the literate by equipping other readings for life skills. The three pesantren Ashriyah, literacy culture is understood as the refraction of reading and writing of the Qur'an and other literary readings, which are hierarchically started from the Kyai, Asatidz, senior to junior Santri, with collaborative, programmed, synergistic and continuous.
The Role of Communities in Strengthening Social Capital of Coastal Communities through the Library
Authors: Suharso Putut , Sudardi Bani , Widodo Sahid Teguh , Habsari Sri Kusumo
Published: August 2018

Library is a place that provides information openly and freely for the community. With the principle of openness, libraries can be accessed by all levels of society. The purpose of this study is to provide an analysis of the active role of some communities in establishing private libraries to provide information services to coastal communities. This research is a qualitative research with case study approach in coastal area of Semarang. The results of the research there are several libraries that were established by individual communities. Libraries are established using several terms; as; community reading park, reading house, smart garden. The management of libraries from self-help communities ranging from librarians, collections, buildings and infrastructure facilities. Activities undertaken by librarians have provided creative services to contribute to the literacy capabilities and social capital of coastal communities through a diverse collection of books that support social strengthening and entrepreneurship training.
A Development Policy of Networking-Based Creative Marine Small and Medium Enterprises as a Solution for Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia
Authors: Rosyadi Slamet , Fitrah Elpeni , Sabhita Kusuma Ayusia
Published: August 2018

Poverty and environmental degradation are issues that have not been resolved in the coastal communities and regions yet. The various policies and development programs have been implemented to address these two main issues. Nevertheless, the poverty rate of coastal communities remains high. To address the problem of poverty in coastal areas, this study tries to offer a policy solution for SME development based on the creative power of network resources. The concept of creative economy is very relevant because the environment and marine fisheries resources provide potential materials for SMEs to manage. Management of marine resources by combining creativity, innovation, and technology can lead to products that have market competitiveness. To support these efforts, the utilization of network resources can provide synergistic power to improve product quality and competitiveness. These networking resources can come from elements of government, business, civil society, financial institutions, professional institutions, universities, and other social communities. The collaboration of these various network resources can be an effective force in poverty alleviation efforts in coastal areas. Studies have supported that poverty alleviation is not effectively implemented if it does not synergize the bureaucratic, business and community forces. The problem of poverty in coastal areas of a complex character cannot be overcome with a linear approach. Moreover, breakthroughs and innovations need to be done to address the complexity of poverty of coastal communities. To that end, the strength of marine SMEs needs to be integrated with the approach of creative economy and networking so that it becomes a driver of the local economy that serves as a solution for poverty alleviation.
Gel aloe vera reduces MMP-9 in diabetic wounds
Authors: Sari Yunita , Purnawan Iwan , Wahyu Kurniawan Dhadhang , Sutrisna Eman
Published: August 2018

Gel aloe vera (GAV) is a good candidate for wound treatment for fisheries, since it is cheap, could be grown in coastal areas, and could reduce inflammation, infection and improve reepithelialization in diabetic wound. However, the effect of GAV on reducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is still unknown. High level of MMP-9 is one of the reasons why diabetic wounds frequently fail to heal. Abundant level of MMP-9 will cause degradation of collagen formation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GAV on reducing MMP-9. The induction of diabetes was conducted by using Alloxan Monohydrate. The rats were divided into two groups, GAV group, and control group. The wound appearance, exudate, intensity of fibroblast, and intensity of MMP-9 were compared. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the difference in the intensity of positive cells for MMP-9. The study showed that the wound appearance in the GAV group was smaller compared with control group. In the GAV group, the intensity of positive cells for MMP-9 was significantly lower than in the control group. This study showed that GAV could reduce MMP-9, and therefore GAV could be recommended for wound treatment for patients with diabetic wound.
Réalités et défis pour l’organisation du système de santé de premier recours
Authors: Fourneyron Emmanuelle , Wittwer Jérôme , Rachid Salmi Louis ,   Groupe de recherche Eva TSN
Published: August 2018

Le numérique en santé est en plein essor, porté par un foisonnement d’acteurs et soutenu par les politiques publiques. Il induit de nouveaux usages pour les patients comme pour les professionnels. Son développement se heurte à une organisation particulièrement complexe du système de santé, notamment dans la médecine de premiers recours. Il pose quatre défis. Un défi organisationnel d’abord, nécessitant de penser sa diffusion en lien avec les réalités organisationnelles dans lesquelles il s’inscrit. Un défi socio-territorial ensuite, face aux poids des inégalités de santé. Le troisième défi est médico-économique, interrogeant son modèle économique global et sa pérennité. Le quatrième défi, enfin, repose sur les nouveaux enjeux technico-juridiques qu’il pose.
Qui initiera la transformation digitale de la santé?
Authors: Gryson Olivier
Published: August 2018

Depuis quelques années fleurissent une multitude d’initiatives digitales médicales qui affichent de tangibles signaux d’efficacité. Elles placent souvent le patient au cœur de leur approche et s’affranchissent, tout au moins conceptuellement, des silos entre les grands acteurs de la santé (industrie pharmaceutique, autorités de santé, hôpital, payeurs).Il en découle une fragilité structurelle susceptible de constituer un terreau favorable à l’arrivée d’acteurs issus du monde numérique, des « pure players », capables de repenser et de transformer radicalement les modèles économiques en proposant des alternatives digitales de rupture centrées sur les besoins des patients.
Two-machine flow shop with synchronized periodic maintenance
Authors: Krimi Issam , Benmansour Rachid , Hanafi Saïd , Elhachemi Nizar
Published: August 2018

In the literature, some works deal with the two-machine flow shop scheduling problem under availability constraints. Most of them consider those constraints only for one machine at a time and also with limited unavailability periods. In this work, we were interested by the unlimited periodic and synchronized maintenance applied on both machines. The problem is NP-hard. We proposed a mixed integer programming model and a variable neighborhood search for solving large instances in order to minimize the makespan. Computational experiments show the efficiency of the proposed methods.
Accuracy of Suction Rectal Biopsy for Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease in Neonates
Authors: Allen Ashley Rebekah , Putnam Angelica R. , Presson Angela P. , Allen Chelsea McCarty , Barnhart Douglas C. , Rollins Michael D.
Published: August 2018

Introduction Recent publications have questioned the sensitivity of suction rectal biopsy (SRB) for diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) in newborns. A recent European survey reported that 39% of pediatric surgeons performed full-thickness transanal biopsies due to concerns about the accuracy of SRB. We sought to examine our contemporary SRB experience in infants.

Materials and Methods A review was performed (2007–2016) of patients under 6 months of age who had a SRB at our children's hospital. The cohort was subdivided by postmenstrual age at time of SRB: preterm (< 40 weeks, A), term neonate (40–44 weeks, B), and infant (> 44 weeks, C). The pathology reports from endorectal pull-through were used as gold standard confirmation. One-year follow-up of patients with negative SRB was used to confirm accurate diagnosis.

Results A total of 153 patients met the criteria and a total of 159 SRBs (< 2,500 g; n = 26) were performed (A = 60, B = 58, C = 35). Forty-three patients were diagnosed with HD (A = 25, B = 15, C = 3). A second SRB was performed in 6 (3.9%) patients due to inadequate tissue (A = 2, B = 2, C = 2) with HD diagnosed in 5. No complications occurred. Sensitivity and specificity of SRB was 100% in all age groups. Half of the patients with a negative SRB had at least 1 year follow-up, with none subsequently diagnosed with HD.

Conclusion SRB results in adequate tissue for evaluation of HD in nearly all patients less than 6 months of age on the first attempt and is highly accurate in the preterm and newborn infants. No complications occurred, even among infants less than 2,500 g.
A Rare Case of Septic Arthritis of Lumbar Facet Joint with Epidural Abscess, and Bacterial Meningitis Caused by Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Maldonado-Morán Miguel , Muñoz Juan , Matta Javier , Arrieta Victor , Bernal Oscar , Mejía Jairo
Published: August 2018

Septic arthritis of the facet joint is an extremely rare condition, even more in young immunocompetent patients. There have been approximately only 40 cases of this entity reported worldwide. Here, the authors present a 16-year-old male patient with lower back pain, fever, and cephalea. Blood cultures and cerebrospinal fluid analysis confirmed methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection, and magnetic resonance imaging showed septic arthritis of the lumbar left facet joint L3 and epidural abscess. Intravenous oxacillin was administered, and the patient improved. No other treatment was required.
Influences of operating parameters on deleterious processes of side-pumped cesium vapor laser amplifiers with flowing medium
Authors: Xia Chunsheng , Xu Xingqi , Huang Jinghua , Su Chenyi , Pan Bailiang
Published: August 2018

Multiple deleterious processes occurring in alkali vapor laser amplifiers can significantly degrade their performance. To study that, a theoretical model of a side-pumped flowing-gas alkali vapor amplifier is set up, which mainly takes into account the effect of saturation, amplified spontaneous emission, quenching, energy pooling, photoexcitation, Penning ionization, photo-ionization, and ion recombination. Influences of powers of the pump and seed laser, the velocity of gas mixture flow, and the cell length on the deleterious processes are also simulated. The results show that the influence of deleterious processes can be increased when pump power enhances. But it can be effectively restrained with relatively strong seed laser power and optimized operating parameters. The total percent drop in amplified laser power is about 19.95% at a pump power of 500 W, a seed laser power of 5 W, a saturated flowing velocity of 40 m/s, and an optimized cell length of 7 cm.
Ferromagnetic resonance in coupled magnetic nanostructured arrays
Authors: Nekrashevich Ivan , Litvinov Dmitri
Published: August 2018

The modulated field sweep ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy was used to study the magnetization dynamics in large arrays of interacting cubic nanomagnets. A 60nm thick permalloy (Ni80Fe20) thin films were patterned using a lift-off process into several large arrays of 60 x 60 nm2 nanostructures where the spacing between the magnetic nanocubes was varied to control the strength of dipolar coupling. Electron beam lithography was used for device patterning using lift-off. The permalloy films were deposited using magnetron sputtering. DC magnetic properties were evaluated using alternating gradient force magnetometer (AGFM). In the FMR measurements, the orientation of DC bias magnetic field was varied from the in-plane to out-of-plane with respect to the 2D plane of the arrays. The FMR peak splitting and multiple FMR modes were observed in the evolution of the FMR spectra as the function of the bias field orientation, and were strongly influenced by the nanomagnet geometry and the spacing between the nanomagnets. Two resonance modes, shape and lattice, were particularly well pronounced in the observed FMR spectra. These modes are characterized by effective demagnetizing factors representing different symmetries of the system of interacting nanomagnets. Micromagnetic modeling suggest that micromagnetic texture within the nanomagnets modulated by the stray fields from the neighbors correlates with the FMR spectra.
Constitutive behaviour and life evaluation of solder joint under the multi-field loadings
Authors: Long Xu , Liu Yongchao , Yao Yao , Jia Fengrui , Zhou Cheng , Fu Yonghui , Wu Yanpei
Published: August 2018

The mechanical behaviour and service life of the 63Sn-37Pb solder joint under coupled thermal-electrical loadings have been investigated. The mechanical properties of solder material are calibrated by uniaxial tensile experiments at different strain rates and working temperatures. In order to describe the mechanical responses of solder alloy, a constitutive model is proposed based on a thermo-visco-plastic flow rule. Furthermore, the fatigue life of solder joints is predicted by establishing a 3D finite element model under the coupled electrical-thermal-mechanical loadings. Temperature distribution, current density and thermal stress are numerically obtained in the solder joint. Based on the distribution of stress and plastic strain, the vulnerable location in the solder joint is determined, which is critical for predicting the service life based on the Coffin-Manson model. By varying the loading conditions, a parametric study is performed to develop an empirical formula of fatigue life, and the dominant factor under complicated working conditions is assessed. It is found that the current density and heat sink temperature pronouncedly influence the fatigue life of solder joint. The empirical predictions show reasonable accuracy compared with the Coffin-Manson model and finite element simulations.
Study reveals the differences between table-top and long-range laser filament plasma dynamics
Authors: Zhang Zhengzheng
Published: August 2018

Differentiating plasma characteristics between the linear and nonlinear regimes helps to induce filamentation, paving the way for real-life laser filament applications.
Two-color cavity QED makes its debut
Authors: Wilson R. Mark
Published: August 2018

In a tunable, doubly resonant optical cavity, two distinguishable photons can strongly couple to the same atom and thus to each other.
The legacies of the Royal Institution
Authors: James Frank A. J. L.
Published: August 2018

The London-based scientific organization has left its mark on everything from electrochemistry and molecular biology to lighthouse design, and it has been a leading innovator in science communication for more than 200 years.
Unraveling the mysteries of megadrought
Authors: Ault Toby R. , St. George Scott
Published: August 2018

During the first half of the second millennium, the American West was plagued by a succession of decades-long dry spells. Could it happen again?
Champagne acoustics
Authors: Spratt Kyle S. , Lee Kevin M. , Wilson Preston S.
Published: August 2018

If you listen carefully to the sound that sparkling wine makes after it is poured, you’ll hear the size distribution of the ringing bubbles.
Effect of breed on proteolysis and free amino acid profiles of dry-cured loin during processing
Authors: Salazar Eva , Cayuela José M. , Abellán Adela , Tejada Luis
Published: August 2018

Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and free amino acids (FAA) were analysed in dry-cured loin obtained from the native pig breed Chato Murciano (CM) during processing. In addition, a comparison was drawn between the NPN and FAA values obtained in CM and those obtained in dry-cured loin from a modern crossbreed pig genotype (CG) at commercialisation times (between 30 and 60 days of processing). Processing time affected NPN, total FAA concentration, and all FAA studied, except arginine, histidine and lysine. The breed affected both NPN and total FAA, as superior values were observed in CM at Day 30. From this moment onward, proteolysis was more intense in CG than in CM. At Day 30, the concentration of most amino acids, except for lysine and arginine, was higher in CM. Whereas the concentration of all amino acids, except serine, histidine and methionine + tryptophan, was higher in CG at Day 60. The breed affected proteolytic activity in dry-cured loin. The results suggested that, from the point of view of proteolysis, the optimum processing time for CM dry-cured loin is 45 days.
Treatments with eCG and courtship behaviour in rams during the breeding and the non-breeding seasons
Authors: Ungerfeld Rodolfo , Clemente Neftalí , Orihuela Agustín
Published: August 2018

Equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG or PMSG) is a hormone with FSH/LH effect that has been widely used in ewes and cows to induce follicle development. However, the possible positive effects of its administration to males have been rarely studied. ECG stimulates testosterone secretion and increases rams’ ability to stimulate ovulation in anoestrous ewes (the ‘ram effect’), but it is still not known if this effect is at least partially explained by an enhancement of a ram’s sexual behaviour. Thus, the aim was to determine if the administration of eCG induces an increase in testosterone concentration, and thus improves sexual behaviour of Saint Croix rams during both the breeding and the non-breeding seasons. Two doses of 1000 IU of eCG were administered separated by 4 days to 10 rams during the breeding and five rams during the non-breeding seasons, with the same number of animals as untreated controls. Administration of eCG increased testosterone concentration during the breeding (P = 0.008) and the non-breeding (P = 0.0009) seasons. The number of ano-genital sniffings, lateral approaches, as well as total courtship behaviours were greater in treated than untreated rams during the breeding season. Treated rams also tended to mount and mate more during the breeding season. During the non-breeding season, treated rams tended to display more ano-genital sniffs, lateral approaches and total courtship behaviours than untreated rams 6 days after the first dose. Overall, eCG increased testosterone concentrations the breeding and the non-breeding seasons, and was associated with a greater display of sexual behaviours during the former.
Genetic associations between mature size and condition score of Nelore cows, and weight, subjective scores and carcass traits as yearlings
Authors: de Lacerda Viviane V. , Campos Gabriel S. , Silveira Daniel D. , Roso Vanerlei M. , Santana Mario L. , Souza Fabio R. P. , Boligon Arione A.
Published: August 2018

The size and body condition of female livestock is critical for improving production efficiency. However, we know little about how height and body condition score in mature beef cattle are genetically related to traits observed when the animals are younger. In the present study, we used data from 321650 Nelore cattle, first, to compare genetic parameters and breeding values on the basis of different models employing weight (MW), height (MH) and body condition score (BCS) of mature cows (3–17 years old). Next, we estimated the genetic correlations between the three traits and assorted yearling traits (YW, weight; YC; conformation score; YP, precocity score; YM, muscling score; YN, navel score; LMA, longissimus muscle area; BF, back fat thickness). Finally, we obtained the expected direct responses to selection for MW, MH and BCS of cows and correlated responses for these traits when the selection was applied to yearling traits. For MW and MH, single-trait Bayesian analyses were used to evaluate the effects of including BCS when defining contemporary groups (BCS included, CG1; BCS not included, CG2). For BCS trait, linear and threshold animal models were compared. After, bi-trait analyses that included MW, MH or BCS with yearling traits were performed. The CG1 scenario resulted in a higher heritability for MW (0.45 ± 0.02) than did CG2 (0.39 ± 0.02). Both scenarios yielded the same heritability estimates for MH (0.35 ± 0.02). Sires’ rank correlations between predicted breeding values under CG1 and CG2 were 0.60–0.92 for MW and 0.90–0.98 for MH, considering different selection intensities. Thus, only for MW genetic evaluations, the incorporation of BCS in the definition of the contemporary groups is indicated. For BCS trait, the same sires were selected regardless of the model (linear or threshold). Genetic correlations between MW and five yearling traits (YW, YC, YP, YM and YN) ranged from 0.18 ± 0.03 to 0.84 ± 0.01. The MH had a higher and positive genetic association with YW (0.64 ± 0.02) and YC (0.54 ± 0.03), than with YN (0.18 ± 0.03). However, MH was negatively and lowly genetically correlated with YP (–0.08 ± 0.03) and YM (–0.14 ± 0.03). The BCS had positive genetic associations with all yearling traits, particularly with YP (0.61 ± 0.06) and YM (0.60 ± 0.07). Mature size and carcass traits exhibited a low to moderate negative genetic correlations. However, BCS had positive genetic associations with LMA (0.38 ± 0.12) and BF (0.32 ± 0.14). Despite a shorter generation interval, selection at the yearling stage will result in a slower genetic progress per generation than does direct selection for cow MW, MH or BCS. Moreover, using YW and YC as selection criteria will increase cattle size at maturity without altering BCS. Last, LMA or BF-based selection will reduce mature size, while improving BCS, as a correlated response.