bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Update on the Distribution, Bionomics, and Insecticide Susceptibility of Anopheles Stephensi in Ethiopia, 2018-2020
Authors: Balkew Meshesha , Mumba Peter , Yohannes Gedeon , Abiy Ephrem , Getachew Dejene , Yared Solomon , Worku Amha , Gebresilassie Araya , Tadesse Fitsum G , Gadisa Endalamaw , Esayas Endashaw , Ashine Temesgen , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Chibsa Sheleme , Teka Hiwot , Murphy Matt , Yoshimizu Melissa , Dengela Dereje , Zohdy Sarah , Irish Seth R.
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAnopheles stephensi, an invasive malaria vector, was first detected in Africa nearly 10 years ago. After the initial finding in Djibouti, it has subsequently been found in Ethiopia, Sudan, and Somalia. To better inform policies and vector control decisions, it is important to understand the distribution, bionomics, insecticide susceptibility, and transmission potential of An. stephensi. These aspects were studied as part of routine entomological monitoring in Ethiopia between 2018 and 2020.MethodsAdult mosquitoes were collected using human landing collections, pyrethrum spray catches, CDC light traps, animal-baited tent traps, resting boxes, and manual aspiration from animal shelters. Larvae were collected using handheld dippers. The source of blood in bloodfed mosquitoes and the presence of sporozoites was assessed through enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Insecticide susceptibility was assessed for pyrethroids, organophosphates, and carbamates.ResultsAdult An. stephensi were collected with aspiration, black resting boxes, and animal-baited traps collecting the highest numbers of mosquitoes. Although sampling efforts were geographically widespread, An. stephensi larvae were collected in urban and rural sites in eastern Ethiopia, but An. stephensi larvae were not found in western Ethiopian sites. Blood meal analysis revealed a high proportion of blood meals that were taken from goats, and only a small proportion from humans. Plasmodium vivax was detected in wild collected An. stephensi. High levels of insecticide resistance were detected to pyrethroids, carbamates, and organophosphates. Pre-exposure to piperonyl butoxide increased susceptibility to pyrethroids. Larvae were found to be susceptible to temephos.ConclusionsUnderstanding the bionomics, insecticide susceptibility, and distribution of An. stephensi will improve the quality of a national response in Ethiopia and provide additional information on populations of this invasive species in Africa. Further work is needed to understand the role that An. stephensi will have in Plasmodium transmission and malaria case incidence. While additional data are being collected, national programs can use the available data to formulate and operationalize national strategies against the threat of An. stephensi.
Prediction of Unified New Physics beyond Quantum Mechanics from the Feynman Path Integral: Elementary Cycles String Theory
Authors: Dolce Donatello
Published: May 2021

We prove that the Feynman Path Integral is equivalent to a novel stringy description of elementary particles characterized by a single compact (cyclic) world-line parameter playing the role of the particle internal clock. This clearly reveals an exact unified formulation of quantum and relativistic physics, potentially deterministic, fully falsifiable having no fine-tunable parameters, also proven in previous pap,rs to be completely consistent with all known physics, from theoretical physics to condensed matter. New physics will be discovered by observing quantum phenomena with experimental time accuracy of the order of 10-2 sec.
Seven Autophagy-Related Genes are Associated with the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Predicting Survival Risk of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jiang Huihui , Xu Aiqun , Li Min , Han Rui , Wang Enze , Zhu Ke , Zhou Sijing , wang ran
Published: May 2021

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ranks first among global cancer-related deaths. Despite the emergence of various immunological and targeted therapies, immune tolerance remains a barrier to treatment. Methods: It has been found that this obstacle can be overcome by targeting autophagy-related genes (ATGs). ATGs were screened by coexpression analysis and the genes related to the prognosis of lung cancer were screened using Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival analysis, univariate Cox regression, and multivariate Cox regression. The prognostic risk model of ATGs was constructed and verified using K-M survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The prognostic risk model of ATGs was constructed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that the function and pathway of ATG enrichment were closely related to immune cell function. CIBERSORT, LM22 matrix, and Pearson correlation analysis showed that risk signals were significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint genes. Conclusions: We identified and independently verified the ATG (AL691432.2, MMP2-AS1, AC124067.2, CRNDE, ABALON, AL161431.1, NKILA) in NSCLC patients and found that immune regulation in the tumor microenvironment is closely related to this gene.
Selective Image Encryption Based On Chaotic Maps And Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Authors: Soleymani Ali , Nordin Md Jan
Published: May 2021

The rapid evolution of imaging and communication technologies has transformed images into a widespread data type. Different types of data, such as medical information, official correspondence or governmental and military documents saved and transmitted in the form of images over public networks. Cryptography is a solution to protect confidential images by encrypting before transmission over unsecure channels. Most of the current image encryption methods based on symmetric cryptosystems, which the encryption and the decryption keys are the same and will be shared. However, asymmetric cryptosystems are more useful and secure because of the decryption key kept secret. This paper will focus on asymmetric image encryption algorithms to improve and enhance the security of transmission. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is a new public key cryptosystem and provides equivalent security with shorter key length, low mathematical complexity and more computationally efficient rather than RSA. Selective encryption is a solution to decrease the consumed time for asymmetric cryptosystems, which reduce the encryption regions as small as possible. Hence, a hybrid cryptosystem is proposed based on the combination of ECC and chaotic maps that detects the face(s) in an image and encrypt the selected regions. This scheme will encrypt around five percent of the whole image and only confidential regions rather than whole image. The results of security analysis demonstrate the strength of the proposed cryptosystem against statistical, brute force and differential attacks. The evaluated running time for both encryption and decryption processes guarantee that the cryptosystem can work effectively in real-time applications.
Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide Produced by 6-Hydroxydopamine is a Trigger for Nigral Dopaminergic Degeneration Via Rapid Influx of Extracellular Zn2+
Authors: Nishio Ryusuke , Morioka Hiroki , Takeuchi Azusa , Saeki Nana , Furuhata Ryo , Chinenn Takato , Tamura Haruna , Tamano Haruna , Takeda Atsushi
Published: May 2021

To elucidate the mechanism of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Zn2+ toxicity, which is involved in neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of rats, we postulated that intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by 6-OHDA is a trigger for intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation in the SNpc. Intracellular H2O2 level in the SNpc elevated by 6-OHDA was completely inhibited by co-injection of GBR 13069 dihydrochloride (GBR), a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, suggesting that 6-OHDA taken up through dopamine transporters produces H2O2 in the intercellular compartment of dopaminergic neurons. When the SNpc was perfused with H2O2, H2O2 accumulated glutamate in the extracellular compartment and the accumulation was inhibited in the presence of N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA), a blocker of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channels. In addition to 6-OHDA, H2O2 also induced intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation via AMPA receptor activation followed by nigral dopaminergic degeneration. Furthermore, 6-OHDA-induced nigral dopaminergic degeneration was completely inhibited by co-injection of HYDROP, an intracellular H2O2 scavenger or GBR into the SNpc. The present study indicates that H2O2 is produced by 6-OHDA taken up through dopamine transporters in the SNpc, is retrogradely transported to presynaptic glutamatergic terminals, activates TRPM2 channels, accumulates glutamate in the extracellular compartment, and induces intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation via AMPA receptor activation, resulting in nigral dopaminergic degeneration. It is likely that intracellular H2O2, but not extracellular H2O2, is a key trigger for nigral dopaminergic degeneration via intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation.
Country-specific Optimization Strategy for Testing Through Contact Tracing Can Help Maintain a Low Reproduction Number (R_0) During Unlock
Authors: Sarma Uddipan , Ghosh Bhaswar
Published: May 2021

In response to the COVID19 pandemics, many countries have implemented lockdowns in multiple phases to ensure social distancing and quarantining of the infected subjects as a first step to contain the infection spread. Subsequent unlocks to reopen the economies started next waves and imposed extra burden on quarantine to keep the reproduction number ( R0<1 ). Even with initial strict lockdowns and recent launching of vaccination programs, many countries are still struggling to contain the infection which suggests that revisiting the mechanism of lockdown-unlock implementation and simultaneous underpinning of the potential sources diluting the effort of such lockdowns could help better contain the spread of infection. Here, building epidemic models and analyzing the metadata of 50 countries, we first found that the estimated values of R0, adjusted w.r.t the distribution of medical facilities and virus clades, correlates strongly with the testing rates across countries. However, testing capacity of a country is limited by its medical resources, hence, as we demonstrate, optimizing a cost-benefit trade-off between testing rate and unlocking extents implemented in a country specific manner can help in devising the strategies of unlocking the economy. Our study delineates a strategy to optimize this trade-off by utilizing country specific infection spread parameters estimated in the epidemic models and implementing them in a stochastic agent based contact tracing models. The analysis provides a quantitative estimate of testing rates required to maintain a low for different extents of unlock. We further found that a small fraction of superspreaders can drastically increase the number of infected individuals even during lockdowns, primarily due to a switch-like response stemming from the implicit systems-level positive feedback loop driving the spread of infection. Our model suggests that with a country specific optimal combination of unlock extents and testing rates, R0 <1 can be stabilized during a pandemic like COVID19. To harness the benefit of improved testing rates and minimize the infection spread, strict social distancing norms to restrict the movement of superspreaders is necessary, such that onset of the positive feedback loop mediated exponential infection spread can be avoided.
Identification of microRNAs Associated With Human Fragile X Syndrome Using Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Anvari Maryam Sotoudeh , Vasei Hamed , Najmabadi Hossein , Badv Reza Shervin , Gholipour Akram , Mohammadi-Yeganeh Samira , Salehi Saeede , Mohamadi Mahmood , Goodarzynejad Hamidreza , Mowla Seyed Javad
Published: May 2021

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene which can lead to a loss or shortage of the FMR1 protein. This protein interacts with specific miRNAs, and a change can cause a range of neurological disorders. Therefore, miRNAs could act as a novel class of potential biomarkers for common CNS diseases. The aim of this study was to test this theory by exploring the expression profiles of various miRNAs in Iranian FXS patients using deep sequencing-based technologies, and validate the miRNAs affecting expression of the FMR1 gene. Blood samples were taken from 15 patients with FXS (9 males, 6 females) and 12 controls. 25 miRNAs were differentially expressed in individuals with FXS compared to controls. Levels of 9 miRNAs were found to be significantly changed (3 upregulated and 6 downregulated). In FXS patients, the levels of hsa-miR-532-5p, hsa-miR-652-3p and hsa-miR-4797-3p were significantly upregulated while levels of hsa-miR-191-5p, hsa-miR-181-5p, hsa-miR-26a-5p, hsa-miR-30e-5p, hsa-miR-186-5p, and hsa-miR-4797-5p exhibited significant downregulation; and these dysregulations were confirmed by RT‐qPCR. This study present altered miRNA expression in blood samples from FXS patients, which could be used for diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment purposes. Larger studies are required to confirm these preliminary results.
Domiciliary Dentistry: A Multiple Case Study in the Province of Quebec, Canada
Authors: Makansi Nora , Rousseau Jacqueline , Bedos Christophe
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe demand for more flexible and person-centered models of oral healthcare delivery is increasing and while mobile and domiciliary dental services have the potential to increase access to oral healthcare among dependent elderly and people with disabilities; the uptake of this service model by dentists remains low. Therefore, the aim of this study was to closely examine existing mobile clinics that are leading the practice of domiciliary dentistry in a specific context. MethodsWe used a qualitative descriptive multiple case study design. We studied three independent domiciliary dentistry clinics in the province of Quebec, Canada. Data were collected using non-participant observations and semi-structured interviews with dental professionals, patients, and caregivers. We performed a qualitative content analysis using a deductive/inductive coding framework. ResultsWe presented a detailed description of the physical and service features of the studied cases. Physical features included the set-up of the mobile clinics, the portable equipment used, and the domiciliary locations of visits. For service features, we described the roles, attitudes, and interactions among those involved on both the providers’ and recipients’ sides, as well as, the logistical and financial aspect of the domiciliary dental services.ConclusionsThis case study showed domiciliary dentistry to be feasible, profitable, and highly valued by a growing segment of the population. Additional research in different contexts would further contribute to building evidence-based models to help increase the uptake of this type of practice by current and future dental professionals.
Depression and Sleep Duration Associated With Health-related Quality of Life in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: a Cross-sectional Study in China
Authors: Liu Yu , Wu Beirui , Xu Hua , Wan Xu , Wu Huichao , Gao Jing , Huang Wei , Lua Wei , Liu Wei , Shen Jie , Ma Jing
Published: May 2021

Background: Limited study has evaluated the association among depression, depression and health-related quality of life in individuals with type 2 diabetes in China. We aimed to evaluate the effects of depression and sleep duration on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in community-based individuals with type 2 diabetes in China.Methods: A total of 1,891 individuals with type 2 diabetes from Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China were included in the study. Self-reported sleep duration per night was obtained by questionnaire. Participant Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to detect depression. European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5 Levels index (EQ-5D-5L) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the individuals’ HRQoL. Results: The prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 scores ≥5) was 8.9%. The proportion of depression in individuals with sleep duration <7h was higher compared with those with sleep duration of 7-8h and ≥8h, respectively (14% vs. 5.3%, 14% vs. 4.3%, all p < 0.001). Depression was negatively associated with both EQ-5D-5L index score and EQ-VAS (β = -0.1273, 95% CI: -0.1389, -0.1158 for EQ-5D-5L index score; β = -8.8762, 95% CI: -10.3150, -7.4374 for EQ-VAS). Compared to individuals with sleep duration of 7-8h, sleep duration <7h was associated with lower EQ-5D-5L index score and EQ-VAS (β= -0.0242, 95% CI: -0.0116, -0.0367 for EQ-5D-5L index score; β = -2.9386, 95% CI: -1.5210, -4.3562 for EQ-VAS). However, sleep duration ≥8h did not show significant difference in HRQoL before and after full adjustments.Conclusion: To improve quality of life in individuals with type 2 diabetes in China, those with depression and shorter sleep duration may be identified as at-risk populations. Longer sleep duration over 8h might not further improve the quality of life for individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Revealing Atomic-Scale Ionic Stability and Transport around Grain
Boundaries of Garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Gao Bo , Jalem Randy , Tian Hong-Kang , Tateyama Yoshitaka
Published: May 2021

For real application to the all-solid-state batteries, understanding and control of the grain boundaries (GBs) are essential. However, the in-depth insight into the atomic-scale defect stabilities and transports of ions around the GBs is still far from understood. Here, the first-principles investigation on the promising garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte GBs has been carried out. Our study reveals a GB-dependent behavior for the Li-ion transport correlated to the diffusion network. Especially, the Σ3(112) tilt GB model exhibits a quite high Li-ion conductivity comparable to that in bulk, and a fast intergranular diffusion contrary to the former concepts. Moreover, the preference of the electron accumulation at the Σ3(112) GB was uncovered in terms of the lower Li interstitial formation energies. This phenomenon is further enhanced by the presence of the Schottky-like defect, leading to the increase in the electronic conductivity at GBs, which plays a key role in the Li dendrite growth.
Lipidomics of Facial Sebum in the Comparison Between Acne and Non-Acne Adolescents with Dark Skin
Authors: Okoro Emeka , Adenle Adebomi , Ludovici Matteo , Truglio Mauro , Marini Federico , Camera Emanuela
Published: May 2021

Lipidomics is advantageous in the study of sebum perturbations occurring in acne. An extended evaluation of the sebum lipid profiles in acne-prone sebaceous areas is lacking in dark skin. Yet, there is a void space in understanding how the building blocks of sebum lipids, i.e. individual fatty acids (FAs), are intertwined with acne-prone skin. We aimed to determine the sebum lipidome in facial areas of adolescents with and without acne in Nigeria. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 60 adolescents/young adults divided in 30 acne patients (15F, 15M) and 30 age and sex-matched controls. Sebum samples obtained from foreheads and cheeks were analysed separately by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) and thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Distributions of sebum components were investigated with multivariate ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). Sebum incretion in acne was paralleled by significantly higher abundance of triglycerides, wax esters, and squalene together with monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and straight chain saturated FAs (SFAs), especially those with odd-carbon chain, i.e. C13:0, C15:0, and C17:0. Profiling weight/weight percentage individual components revealed that in acne the free FAs (FFAs) array was shifted towards higher relative abundance of the SFAs C15:0, C16:0, and C17:0 and lower percentage of the anteiso-branched FFAs with 12, 14, 16, and 18 carbons. In acne patients, MUFAs and PUFAs were quantitatively increased and decreased on foreheads and cheeks, respectively. Relative abundance of fatty alcohols was decreased in acne independent on the site. The results indicated that acne associates with site-specific derangement of the pathways regulating the balance among odd straight-chain and branched-chain SFAs, MUFAs, including sapienate (C16:1n-10), PUFAs, and squalene.
Interaction of Potential and Effective Entrepreneurial Capabilities in Adolescents: Modeling Youth Entrepreneurship Structure Using Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Campo Lilia Angélica , Amar Paola , Olivero Enohemit
Published: May 2021

This article emphasizes entrepreneurial skills in adolescents, in order to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial skills (dependent variable) and the key factors for their development: personal, social, and educational (independent variables). It has an empirical‒analytical design which is explanatory in nature. After the design, validation, and application of the evaluation instrument, the estimation was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show great impact of potential entrepreneurial capacity on effective entrepreneurial capacity, determined by the direct effect of personal traits and life skills, the family as a moderating element, as well as the mediating role of entrepreneurship training processes. The complex nature of entrepreneurship is highlighted, which is influenced by multiple factors as possible boosters for the success of entrepreneurial initiatives.
Diet dominates age in shaping the rumen bacteria community and function in dairy cattle
Authors: Hao Yangyi , Gong Yue , Huang Shuai , Ji Shoukun , Wang Wei , Wang Yajing , Yang Hongjian , Cao Zhijun , Li Shengli
Published: May 2021

Background

To understand the effects of diet and age on the rumen bacterial community and function, forty-eight dairy cattle at 1.5 (M1.5), 6 (M6), 9 (M9), 18 (M18), 23 (M23), and 27 (M27) months old were selected. The M1.5, M6, and M27 had the high protein and starch dietary, while the M9, M18, and M23 had the high fiber dietary. Fermentation profile, enzyme activity, and bacteria community in rumen fluid were measured.
Results

The acetate to propionate ratio (A/P) at M9, M18, and M23 (high fiber diet) was higher than other ages, and M6 was the lowest (P < 0.05). The total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) at M23 and M27 was higher than other ages (P < 0.05). The urease at M18 was lower than M1.5, M6, and M9, and the xylanase at M18 was higher than M1.5, M23, and M27 (P < 0.05). The α-diversity indexes (Ace and Chao1) of ruminal bacteria increased from M1.5 to M23, while they decreased from M23 to M27 (P < 0.05). Thirty-three bacteria were identified as biomarkers of the different groups based on the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) when the LDA score > 4. The variation partitioning approach analysis showed that the age and diet had a 7.98% and 32.49% contribution to the rumen bacteria community variation, respectively. The richness of Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 and Fibrobacter were positive correlated with age (r > 0.60, P < 0.01) and also positively correlated with TVFA and acetate (r > 0.50, P < 0.01). The Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Saccharofermentans has a positive correlation (r > 0.80, P < 0.05) with diet NDF and negative correlation (r < -0.80, P < 0.05) with diet CP and starch, which were also positively correlated with the acetate and A/P (r > 0.50, P < 0.01).
Conclusion

These findings indicated that the quantitative effect of diet and age on the rumen bacteria were 7.98% and 32.49%, respectively. The genera of Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Saccharofermentans could be worked as the target bacteria to modulate the rumen fermentation by diet; meanwhile, the high age-correlated bacteria such as Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 and Fibrobacter also should be considered when shaping the rumen function.
Dietary cottonseed consumption induced subfertility in male and female rats: a potent eco-friendly rodenticide compound
Authors: Nowzari Fariborz , Rahmanifar Farhad , Tanideh Nader , Dorvash Mohammad Reza , Khoradmehr Arezoo , Baghban Neda , Tamadon Amin
Published: May 2021

Effects of cottonseed flour in male and female rats’ fertility based on hormonal and histomorphometry changes were studied. Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley adult male and female rats were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. Treatment group was received diets containing cottonseed flour for 35 days. Control group was given standard rat food. Body and testis weights, epididymis semen evaluation indices and serum sex steroid hormones were determined. Histomorphometry alterations of testes and ovary were evaluated. Then, normal female and male rats were mated by rats in both groups and after 35 days, number of pups was measured. However, there was no significant difference in whole body and testes weights, sperm concentration and viability between the control and treatment groups, respectively. Moreover, sperm motility in the treatment rats was significantly lower than the control group. Serum hormones alterations were not significant, but histomorphometry evaluations of testes showed significant changes in the testis structures after chronic consumption of cottonseed flour. In the female rats, body weight did not have significant difference between the treatment and control groups. Histomorphometry data in female ovary showed significant reduction of primary follicle volume and number in the treatment group against control. Follicle stimulating hormone showed insignificant reduction in the treatment group. Number of pups was significantly reduced in the female rats fed by cottonseed flour. Cottonseed flour in rat diet had adverse effects on rat reproduction. Therefore, it can be used as an efficient product for control of the rat population as a natural rodenticide agent.
Case Report: Rare Myeloid Sarcoma Development Following Renal Transplantation with KRAS and DNMT3A Gene Mutations
Authors: Wu Danyang , Lu Xiaoxuan , Yan Xiaojing , Gao Ran
Published: May 2021

Background: A high incidence of malignant tumors, such as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD), Kaposi sarcoma, and renal cancer is common in solid organ and bone marrow transplant recipients. However, myeloid sarcoma (MS) after renal transplantation has rarely been reported and the diagnosis is challenging due to its low incidence. Case presentation:Here, we report a rare case of a 49-year-old man who developed myeloid sarcoma (MS) in the transplanted kidney two years after renal transplantation. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) showed mutations of KRAS and DNMT3A genes in the MS, and no gene mutations in the bone marrow. He presented a normal karyotype of 46, XY. Following treatment with 6 cycles of systemic chemotherapy, the patient was in satisfactory condition with stable serum creatinine (sCr) levels at the 1-year follow-up. In addition, we performed a detailed review with emphasis on the clinical manifestations, and the diagnostic and therapeutic processes of another 7 patients who developed MS following renal transplantation.Conclusions: Our report illustrates the clinical utility of comprehensive genomic profiling in benefiting the diagnosis of MS, the selection of therapeutic strategy and the determination of whether MS is donor-derived.
A Case Report: Angioimmunoblastic T Cell Misdiagnosed as Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
Authors: Wang xuerui , jie Xu , guang Chen , Zhan bingyan
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma is a peripheral T-cell lymphoma subtype characterized by abnormal proliferation of T lymphocytes with hyperplasia of endothelial veins and follicular dendritic cells. Sarcoidosis is a non-caseating epithelial granulomatous disease of unknown cause, which can invade the whole body organs, especially the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes. The clinical manifestations are not specific. There are many similarities between the malignant lymphoma and pulmonary sarcoidosis in the early clinical manifestations, such as chest imaging and clinical manifestations, which are easy to be misdiagnosed. Methods: A fifty-three-year-old man presented with a two-month history of cough. This article uses the clinical data of a patient to reveal the main points that should be paid attention to in the diagnosis of lymphoma.Results: The patient were given right inguinal lymph node biopsy and bone marrow biopsy. Case Presentation: Here, A fifty-three-year-old man presented with a two-month history of cough. The effect was not good after one week of anti-infective and glucocorticoid treatment. Lymph node biopsy and bone marrow biopsy were performed. Conclusion: When we find that the therapeutic effect of pulmonary sarcoidosis is not good, we should make pathological diagnosis. We can prevent further deterioration of the disease through the above measures.
Immune cell infiltration characteristics and related core genes of bioinformatic analysis in multiple sclerosis
Authors: zhao jingyu , Zheng Jianyong , Wang Qun , Li Qian , zhang Nan
Published: May 2021

Background Introduction Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a common complication of uncontrolled or excessive neuroinflammation and autoimmunity disease. Advances in high-throughput technologies and available bioinformatics tools make it possible to evaluate different expressions in the whole genome instead of focusing on a limited number of genes. MethodsMaterials and methods Two public available databases GSE81279 and GSE21942 of multiple sclerosis samples were downloaded analyzed by CIBERSORT. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis based on GSEA was performed by cluster profile software to reveal the regulatory relations among genes and provided a systematic understanding of the functional differentially expressed genes at the transcriptional level.GSE81279 was used to validate the association between core genes and clinical information. ResultsFor immune cells, T-cell gamma delta and monocyte showed a trend toward reduction. The connection between the most prominent GO terms showed HBB, GATA2, NAA35, TCL1A, SECISBP2L, CLC, AGPAT5, CCR3, LTF, MALAT1, MS4A3 were significantly differentially expressed in MS. Gene set enrichment result was presented CDKN1A, DDB2, MME HMGN1, XPC, RELA for subsequent analysis.GSE81279 showed five types of immune cells revealed important links with MS. GSEA and layered KEGG analyses revealed that enrichment of immune response-related in primary immunodeficiency, it also consistent with previous studies. We got 10 genes, including HLA-DR, IL7R, HBB, TNFRSF1A, CYP27B1, NR1H3, IL2RA, TNFR1, BAFF, and CYP2R1 had close connections to clinical features. ConclusionsOur study identifies immune cell infiltration with microarray data of the plasma in MS by using CIBERSORT analysis, we also provide novel information for further study of genes of multiple sclerosis.
Robust Prediction of Patient-Specific Clinical Response to Unseen Drugs From in vitro Screens Using Context-aware Deconfounding Autoencoder
Authors: He Di , Liu Qiao , Xie Lei
Published: May 2021

Accurate and robust prediction of patient-specific responses to drug treatments is critical for drug development and personalized medicine. However, patient data are often too scarce to train a generalized machine learning model. Although many methods have been developed to utilize cell line data, few of them can reliably predict individual patient clinical responses to new drugs due to data distribution shift and confounding factors. We develop a novel Context-aware Deconfounding Autoencoder (CODE-AE) that can extract common biological signals masked by context-specific patterns and confounding factors. Extensive studies demonstrate that CODE-AE effectively alleviates the out-of-distribution problem for the model generalization, significantly improves accuracy and robustness over state-of-the-art methods in both predicting patient-specific ex vivo and in vivo drug responses purely from in vitro screens and disentangling intrinsic biological signals from confounding factors. Using CODE-AE, we screened 50 drugs for 9,808 cancer patients and discovered novel personalized anti-cancer therapies and drug-response biomarkers.
A New Quantitative Approach to the Study of Divergence in the Progress of Economies
Authors: Vettoor Julian Su
Published: May 2021

A new method is introduced to study divergence between economies. Data indicative of economic progress is utilised for this study. The data for a less developed economy is expressed as a percentage of a more developed economy for the corresponding years. Then a correlation between the newly generated values with the data for the developed economy is calculated. This is named as divergence index. A negative value close to -1 for this index signifies great divergence and a positive value signifies the absence of divergence. This idea is applied to data for silver wages and GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita for Asian and European economies with the British economy as a reference. The divergence index calculated for Asian countries with respect to Britain show that a Great divergence existed for the imperial period. A similar calculation for Italy with Britain reveals the greater extent of divergence than that was often conceived regarding the idea of little divergence.
Body weight change and its association with food and beverage consumption during COVID-19 confinement: A study in 12 Ibero-American countries
Authors: Cavagnari Brian M. , Vinueza-Veloz María Fernanda , Carpio-Arias Valeria , Durán-Agüero Samuel , Ríos-Castillo Isabel , Nava-González Edna J. , Pérez-Armijo Patricio , Camacho-López Saby , Bejarano-Roncancio Jhon Jairo , Núñez-Martínez Beatríz , González-Medina Gabriel , Ivankovich-Guillén Sonia , Ortíz Alfonsina , Cordón-Arrivillaga Karla , Meza-Miranda Eliana Romina , Landaeta-Díaz Leslie
Published: May 2021

Background: SARS-CoV-2, a newly identified coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has challenged health services and profoundly impacted people's lifestyle. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic on food consumption patterns and body weight in adults from 12 Ibero-American countriesMethods: Multicentric, cross-sectional study. Data was collected using an online survey disseminated by social networks. Sample included 10 552 people from Spain and 11 Latin American countries who were selected by snowball sampling.Results: While 38.50% of the sample reported weight gain, 16.90% reported weight lost. Weight change was associated to sex, age, country of residence and education level. People who were not confined, more often reported having maintained their weight in comparison to people who were confined. All Latin American countries showed an increased consumption of sweetened drinks, pastry products, fried foods and alcoholic beverages during confinement. Consumption of eggs and dairy products was independent from body weigh change. People who consumed more fruits and vegetables during the confinement more often reported having lose weight. In contrast, body weight gain during confinement was associated with increased intake of sugary drinks, baked goods and pastries, pizza, fried foods and alcoholic beverages.Conclusions: During COVID-19 confinement all the Latin American countries included in this study showed a change in their consumption patterns toward less healthy diets, which in turn was associated with an increase in the body weight of their population.
Intrinsic OXPHOS limitations underlie cellular bioenergetics in leukemia.
Authors: Nelson Margaret , McLaughlin Kelsey , Hagen James , Coalson Hannah , Schmidt Cameron , Kassai Miki , Kew Kimberly , McClung Joseph , Neufer P. , Brophy Patricia , Vohra Nasreen , Liles Darla , Cabot Myles , Fisher-Wellman Kelsey
Published: May 2021

Typified by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondria catalyze a wide variety of cellular processes seemingly critical for malignant growth. As such, there is considerable interest in targeting mitochondrial metabolism in cancer. However, notwithstanding the few drugs targeting mutant dehydrogenase activity, nearly all hopeful ‘mito-therapeutics’ cannot discriminate cancerous from non-cancerous OXPHOS and thus suffer from a limited therapeutic index. The present project was based on the premise that the development of efficacious mitochondrial-targeted anti-cancer compounds requires answering two fundamental questions: 1) is mitochondrial bioenergetics in fact different between cancer and non-cancer cells? and 2) If so, what are the underlying mechanisms? Such information is particularly critical for the subset of human cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in which alterations in mitochondrial metabolism are implicated in various aspects of cancer biology (e.g., clonal expansion and chemoresistance). Herein, we leveraged an in-house diagnostic biochemical workflow to comprehensively evaluate mitochondrial bioenergetic efficiency and capacity in various hematological cell types, with a specific focus on OXPHOS dynamics in AML. Consistent with prior reports, clonal cell expansion, characteristic of leukemia, was universally associated with a hyper-metabolic phenotype which included increases in basal and maximal glycolytic and respiratory flux. However, despite having nearly 2-fold more mitochondria per cell, clonally expanding hematopoietic stem cells, leukemic blasts, as well as chemoresistant AML were all consistently hallmarked by intrinsic limitations in oxidative ATP synthesis (i.e., OXPHOS). Remarkably, by performing experiments across a physiological span of ATP free energy (i.e, ΔGATP), we provide direct evidence that, rather than contributing to cellular ΔGATP, leukemic mitochondria are particularly poised to consume ATP. Relevant to AML biology, acute restoration of OXPHOS kinetics proved highly cytotoxic to leukemic blasts, suggesting that active OXPHOS repression supports aggressive disease dissemination in AML. Taken together, these findings argue against ATP being the primary output of mitochondria in leukemia and provide proof-of-principle that restoring, rather than disrupting, OXPHOS and/or cellular ΔGATP in cancer may represent an untapped therapeutic avenue for combatting hematological malignancy and chemoresistance.
Conflict management system in health care
Authors: Tenytska Tetiana , Myroshnychenko Iuliia , Lomia Ekaterine
Published: May 2021

This article provides ways to improve the conflict management system in health care based on analyzing the causes of conflicts in a private medical institution. The authors considered the healthcare delivery process in the triad «health worker – patient – society». The study involved analyzing conflict causes in the health care system in the relationship between «health worker – patient» and «health worker – health worker». To determine the conflict causes in private medical institutions and ways to minimize them, the authors used questionnaire data collection, interviewing technique, data analysis, and graphic approach. The study object is medical staff and patients of SILMED Diagnostic Medical Center in Ukraine. The findings identified the main problems in the organization of the conflict management system. Therefore, the essence of conflict situations arising in a medical institution was determined. The obtained results allowed formulating proposals to improve the conflict management system of the private medical institution. Thus, the authors emphasized that the conflict management system in private medicine should minimize the probability of conflict, focus on the treatment quality and the service price. Besides, it should include the development of moral codes for doctors in private medical institutions. The authors noted that to reduce conflict in the relationship «medical worker – medical worker», conflict prevention is more effective than constructive resolution. Thus, conflict prevention requires less effort, resources, and time for a successful clinic operation. To decrease conflicts in the relationship «health worker – patient», it is essential to make a pact between the patient and private medical institution. It establishes the patient’s relationship with the clinic and is publicly available for customers. In the study, the authors concluded that during the consultation, the healthcare professional should persuade the patient to follow all recommendations for maintaining or improving the patient’s health, requiring, if necessary, evidence from the clinic’s patients to follow the treatment protocol.
Management in the private clinics: impact of the health care reforming
Authors: Saienko Maryna , Hrechanychenko Olena , Prasol Lesya
Published: May 2021

This article aims to study the preconditions for establishing and functioning a private pediatric service in Ukraine. The authors analyzed the regulatory framework governing the private health care field. In the study framework, the authors characterized the controlling mechanism, determined the private pediatrician role in primary health care, identified the features of doing business under reforming Ukrainian medicine. The authors noted that the pediatrics service (particularly the private one) providing primary health care to children is essential for maternity and childhood care service. Thus, it is relevant to improve the work of the private pediatric service under medical reform in Ukraine. The study findings showed a decrease in the efficiency of the pediatric service in recent years due to the depletion of human, material and technical resources, problems in pediatricians training, etc. The mentioned above caused a decrease in occupational prestige and changed the pediatrician status. Despite that, the authors noted that the launching of the private doctors’ offices contributed to the qualified medical care quality. Therefore, medical staff and, especially, pediatricians are considered to be important and valuable resources in providing primary children health care under outpatient treatment. The authors concluded that the proactive private pediatrician status, behaviour and real actions are significant in ensuring quality medical services. In turn, that contributes to the health care system functioning under new development conditions of Ukraine. Given reforming Ukrainian medicine, the authors highlighted the necessity to reorganize it for creating a new model providing access to the necessary health care services to all Ukrainians. Besides, this model has to ensure high-quality medical services and affordability while maintaining socially acceptable public guarantees. Therefore, the mentioned above would contribute to the sustainable development of the medical field.
Recommendations for improving the hospital’s marketing policy
Authors: Yula Yuriy , Pushko Olexandr , Palienko Maksym
Published: May 2021

This article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on improving the marketing policy of the clinic. The purpose of the study is to improve the marketing policy of the clinic. The urgency of solving the scientific problem lies in need to promote medical services, where marketing activities contribute to establishing relations between providers and consumers of medical services. The authors noted that patients have a low level of awareness in medical services, making it difficult to understand the market of medical services. In turn, public and municipal health care facilities have a passive marketing policy that is not competitive enough with private health care facilities. In most cases, state and municipal medical institutions do not use marketing tools to acquaint consumers with the list of available services, do not inform consumers about the expansion of medical services and the benefits of their medical institution. The object of the study was selected health care management. According to the results of empirical analysis of ways to improve the marketing policy of the clinic, it is established that the reform of the medical sector of Ukraine intensifies the processes of competition in the market. The marketing system of Ukrainian health care has no concept of medical care. Instead of that, there is a market element as medical service or health care service provided to the patient by a health care institution or an individual registered according to the law and possessing the medical business license. Besides, the medical services are paid for by the customer, such as patients, various organizations, local authorities, and the government. Thus, public medical institutions faced the need to fight (particularly with private medical institutions) for the consumer and state funding for the package of primary medical services. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves the existence of competition between private and public medical institutions in the market of medical services. The results of this study can help improve the marketing policy of public and municipal clinics.
Current trends and problems of the IT sector in Ukraine: training and migration of IT professionals
Authors: Barvinok Veronika
Published: May 2021

Today, the information technology industry is one of the most promising in the world and in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to analyze this industry in the context of human capital and identify key issues that will help the Ukrainian IT sector to reach a new level.
The situation in Ukraine, along with world indicators, has a positive trend, especially in comparison with European countries. The main competitors are Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary, but Ukraine remains the main provider of IT services in the UK. In general, the crisis caused by COVID-19 has affected the information services market in Ukraine, but in recent years the upward trend in the staffing of top software companies has remained. At the same time, the crisis in 2020 led to a reduction in vacancies to a level lower than in 2018. Compared to 2019, vacancies were noted by 27.64% more than in the current 2020. It should be noted. That in 2019, IT specialists (FOP) paid UAH 6.1 billion in taxes to the domestic budget, or UAH 35.1 thousand per year from each IT specialist.
The authors highlight the following problems of the computer technology sector: low quality of education and training of IT specialists in universities, emigration of highly qualified personnel abroad ("brain drain"), outsourcing of IT companies abroad, non- compliance with global and European standards, low demand for IT -services in the domestic market, the lack of evaluation indicators that can characterize the effectiveness of employees, the relatively high level of taxation of IT companies and sole proprietors and others.
Auxílio emergencial em tempos de pandemia: uma estratégia além da vida
Authors: SILVA Juliana Vitoria Vieira Mattiello , DURIGON Almir Rodrigues , SANTOS Rubens dos , ORTIZ Aldo Cesar da Silva , COSTA Enézio Mariano da , RIBEIRO Tatiana Rosa Carvalho
Published: May 2021

O objetivo do projeto foi assessorar os empreendedores individuais, trabalhadores informais, autônomos, desempregado que estavam com dúvidas na solicitação do auxílio emergencial instituído pela Lei 13.982/2020. O projeto foi desenvolvimento por meio de ferramenta digital whatsapp, cujo objetivo era manter o distanciamento social para atender as recomendações estabelecidas pelo Governo Federal, Estadual e Municipal. Foi elaborado um folder para divulgação dos atendimentos, nele continham os números dos telefones e o nome das pessoas que fariam o atendimento. Foram atendidas 254 pessoas em um período de 40 dias. Os beneficiários faziam as ligações para os números disponíveis no folder e apresentavam as dúvidas. Os principais resultados do atendimento foram os esclarecimentos sobre dúvidas de toda a ordem, tais como auxílio no preenchimento do cadastro; auxílio no acesso do aplicativo “Caixa Tem”; solicitação do benefício; auxílio na criação da conta digital.