bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Synergetic Effect of Light Spectra and Selenium Supplementation on Eruca sativa Mill. Growth and Physiological and Metabolic Responses
Authors: Brito Cátia , Andrade Sónia , Ferreira Helena , Matos Carlos , Martins Sandra , Moutinho-Pereira José
Published: May 2024

Eco-friendly lighting systems, like LED lights, can reduce energy consumption in greenhouse operations, have a long lifespan, and enable precise control over plant growth through spectrum selection. On the other hand, Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient with a beneficial role in plant metabolism and an essential element for human health. In this study, we aim to unravel the effects of LED lighting combined with Se supplementation on the physiological behavior, yield, and quality of arugula (Eruca sativa). Arugula plants were cultivated under controlled conditions using two distinct LED lights: full white spectrum (W) and a mix of 80%/20% of red/blue light (R:B). These plants were then supplemented with three levels of Se: 0 mg Se kg−1 soil [0], 0.3 mg Se kg−1 soil [0.3], and 0.6 mg Se kg−1 soil [0.6]. The results showed that stomatal conductance remained unaffected by the light script. However, the plants exposed to R:B displayed more pronounced signs of photodamage and reduced net photosynthetic rate. Supplementation with Se plays a significant role in mitigating light-induced stress and in improving the antioxidant defense system; this was especially notable in R:B plants. Finally, R:B light decreased the accumulation of aboveground biomass, while no significant impact of Se was noticed on this outcome. Se accumulation exhibited a direct and proportional relationship with the concentration of Se applied. The integration of LED technology and Se supplementation not only enhances crop nutritional value but also aligns with the adoption of more sustainable agricultural practices.
Mortality in Community-Acquired Sepsis and Infections in the Faroe Islands—A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Todorovic Markovic Marija , Todorovic Mitic Mirjana , Ignjatovic Aleksandra , Gottfredsson Magnús , Gaini Shahin
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to collect data and analyze mortality among patients hospitalized with community-acquired infections in the Faroe Islands. A prospective observational study was conducted in the Medical Department of the National Hospital of the Faroe Islands from October 2013 to April 2015. Cumulative all-cause, in-hospital, short-term, intermediate-term and long-term mortality rates were calculated. Kaplan–Meier survival curves comparing infection-free patients with infected patients of all severities and different age groups are presented. A log-rank test was used to compare groups. Mortality hazard ratios were calculated for subgroups using Cox regression multivariable models. There were 1309 patients without infection and 755 patients with infection. There were 51% female and 49% male patients. Mean age was 62.73 ± 19.71. Cumulative all-cause mortality and in-hospital mortality were highest in more severe forms of infection. This pattern remained the same for short-term mortality in the model adjusted for sex and age, while there were no significant differences among the various infection groups in regard to intermediate- or long-term survival after adjustment. Overall and short-term mortality rates were highest among those with severe manifestations of infection and those with infection compared to infection-free patients.
A Workplace Health Promotion Program for a Predominantly Military Population: Associations with General Health, Mental Well-Being and Sustainable Employability
Authors: Bogaers Rebecca , Sluik Diewertje , Helmhout Pieter , Leijten Fenna
Published: May 2024

Due to the globally increasing life expectancies, many countries are raising their official retirement age to prevent labor shortages and sustain retirement systems. This trend emphasizes the need for sustainable employability. Unhealthy lifestyles pose a risk to sustainable employability as they contribute to chronic diseases and decreased productivity. Workplace Health Promotion (WHP) programs have gained attention as a strategy to enhance employee health and well-being. The Netherlands Armed Forces, a unique employer with demanding psychological and physical requirements, was used as a case study to investigate the associations of a WHP Program with workers health and sustainable employability. The program offered tailor-made guidance to participants (N = 341) through individual coaching trajectories. The program’s impact was evaluated by measuring self-reported health, mental well-being, and sustainable employability over a 6-month period. Results indicated significant improvements across all these dimensions after participation in the program. This study provides valuable insights into the benefits of tailor-made WHP programs. While this was an observational study without a control group, this study supports the importance of incorporating individualized approaches in WHP initiatives to foster positive outcomes in health and sustainable employability.
International Diversification and Stock-Price Crash Risk
Authors: Askarzadeh Alireza , Kanaanitorshizi Mostafa , Tabarhosseini Maryam , Amiri Dana
Published: May 2024

Despite the recent proliferation of research on internationalization, little attention has been paid to understanding the reasons behind the decrease in firm value accompanying international expansion. By delving into the underlying mechanisms and applying the concept of agency theory to a sample of US firms spanning from 2000 to 2022, we posit that an increased level of information asymmetry in internationally diversified firms incentivizes managers to prioritize their own interests. To protect their careers, CEOs of internationally diversified firms often suppress bad news. This behavior can lead to the accumulation of negative news and heighten the risk of a stock-price crash. Furthermore, we propose that higher levels of international experience, enhanced monitoring effectiveness, and efficient investment practices will negatively moderate the positive relationship between internationalization and stock-price crash risk.
Redox Properties of Bacillus subtilis Ferredoxin:NADP+ Oxidoreductase: Potentiometric Characteristics and Reactions with Pro-Oxidant Xenobiotics
Authors: Lesanavičius Mindaugas , Seo Daisuke , Maurutytė Gintarė , Čėnas Narimantas
Published: May 2024

Bacillus subtilis ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase (BsFNR) is a thioredoxin reductase-type FNR whose redox properties and reactivity with nonphysiological electron acceptors have been scarcely characterized. On the basis of redox reactions with 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide phosphate, the two-electron reduction midpoint potential of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor was estimated to be −0.240 V. Photoreduction using 5-deazaflavin mononucleotide (5-deazaFMN) as a photosensitizer revealed that the difference in the redox potentials between the first and second single-electron transfer steps was 0.024 V. We examined the mechanisms of the reduction of several different groups of non-physiological electron acceptors catalyzed by BsFNR. The reactivity of quinones and aromatic N-oxides toward BsFNR increased when increasing their single-electron reduction midpoint redox potentials. The reactivity of nitroaromatic compounds was lower due to their lower electron self-exchange rate, but it exhibited the same trend. A mixed single- and two-electron reduction reaction was characteristic of quinones, whereas reactions involving nitroaromatics proceeded exclusively via the one-electron reduction reaction. The oxidation of FADH• to FAD is the rate-limiting step during the oxidation of fully reduced FAD. The calculated electron transfer distances in the reaction with nitroaromatics were close to those of other FNRs including the plant-type enzymes, thus demonstrating their similar active site accessibility to low-molecular-weight oxidants despite the fundamental differences in their structures.
Chemokines as Prognostic Factor in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fellhofer-Hofer Johanna , Franz Clemens , Vey Johannes A. , Kahlert Christoph , Kalkum Eva , Mehrabi Arianeb , Halama Niels , Probst Pascal , Klupp Fee
Published: May 2024

Chemokines orchestrate many aspects of tumorigenic processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis and metastatic spread, and related receptors are expressed on tumor cells as well as on inflammatory cells (e.g., tumor-infiltrating T cells, TILs) in the tumor microenvironment. Expressional changes of chemokines and their receptors in solid cancers are common and well known, especially in affecting colorectal cancer patient outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this current systematic review and meta-analysis was to classify chemokines as a prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer patients. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL and Web of Science. Information on the chemokine expression of 25 chemokines in colorectal cancer tissue and survival data of the patients were investigated. The hazard ratio of overall survival and disease-free survival with chemokine expression was examined. The risk of bias was analyzed using Quality in Prognosis Studies. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to determine the impact on overall respectively disease survival. For this purpose, the pooled hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used for calculation. Twenty-five chemokines were included, and the search revealed 5556 publications. A total of thirty-one publications were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Overexpression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 was associated with both a significantly reduced overall survival (HR = 2.70, 95%-CI: 1.57 to 4.66, p = 0.0003) as well as disease-free survival (HR = 2.68, 95%-CI: 1.41 to 5.08, p = 0.0026). All other chemokines showed either heterogeneous results or few studies were available. The overall risk of bias for CXCR4 was rated low. At the current level of evidence, this study demonstrates that CXCR4 overexpression in patients with colorectal cancer is associated with a significantly diminished overall as well as disease-free survival. Summed up, this systematic review and meta-analysis reveals CXCR4 as a promising prognostic biomarker. Nevertheless, more evidence is needed to evaluate CXCR4 and its antagonists serving as new therapeutic targets.
Cannabinoid and Orexigenic Systems Interplay as a New Focus of Research in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Rebassa Joan Biel , Capó Toni , Lillo Jaume , Raïch Iu , Reyes-Resina Irene , Navarro Gemma
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a significant health challenge, with an increasing prevalence globally. Recent research has aimed to deepen the understanding of the disease pathophysiology and to find potential therapeutic interventions. In this regard, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have emerged as novel potential therapeutic targets to palliate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Orexin and cannabinoid receptors are GPCRs capable of forming heteromeric complexes with a relevant role in the development of this disease. On the one hand, the hyperactivation of the orexins system has been associated with sleep–wake cycle disruption and Aβ peptide accumulation. On the other hand, cannabinoid receptor overexpression takes place in a neuroinflammatory environment, favoring neuroprotective effects. Considering the high number of interactions between cannabinoid and orexin systems that have been described, regulation of this interplay emerges as a new focus of research. In fact, in microglial primary cultures of APPSw/Ind mice model of AD there is an important increase in CB2R–OX1R complex expression, while OX1R antagonism potentiates the neuroprotective effects of CB2R. Specifically, pretreatment with the OX1R antagonist has been shown to strongly potentiate CB2R signaling in the cAMP pathway. Furthermore, the blockade of OX1R can also abolish the detrimental effects of OX1R overactivation in AD. In this sense, CB2R–OX1R becomes a new potential therapeutic target to combat AD.
The Influence of a High-Cholesterol Diet and Forced Training on Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Sidorova Yuliya S. , Petrov Nikita A. , Markova Yuliya M. , Kolobanov Alexey I. , Zorin Sergey N.
Published: May 2024

Adequate experimental animal models play an important role in an objective assessment of the effectiveness of medicines and functional foods enriched with biologically active substances. The aim of our study was a comparative assessment of the effect of consumption of 1 or 2% cholesterol with and without regular (two times a week), moderate running exercise on the main biomarkers of lipid and cholesterol metabolism, as well as the intestinal microbiota of male Wistar rats. In experimental rats, a response of 39 indicators (body weight, food consumption, serum biomarkers, liver composition, and changes in intestinal microbiota) was revealed. Total serum cholesterol level increased 1.8 times in animals consuming cholesterol with a simultaneous increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2 times) and decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.3 times) levels compared to the control animals. These animals had 1.3 times increased liver weight, almost 5 times increased triglycerides level, and more than 6 times increased cholesterol content. There was a tendency towards a decrease in triglycerides levels against the background of running exercise. The consumption of cholesterol led to a predominance of the Bacteroides family, due to a decrease in F. prausnitzii (1.2 times) and bifidobacteria (1.3 times), as well as an increase in Escherichia family (1.2 times). The running exercise did not lead to the complete normalization of microbiota.
Impact of CYP2C19 Gene Variants on Long-Term Treatment with Atorvastatin in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Čereškevičius Darius , Zabiela Vytautas , Aldujeli Ali , Lesauskaitė Vaiva , Zubielienė Kristina , Raškevičius Vytautas , Čiapienė Ieva , Žaliaduonytė Diana , Giedraitienė Agnė , Žvikas Vaidotas , Jakštas Valdas , Skipskis Vilius , Dobilienė Olivija , Šakalytė Gintarė , Tatarūnas Vacis
Published: May 2024

The effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapies may be insufficient in high-risk cardiovascular patients and depends on the genetic variability of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Customizing statin therapy, including treatment with atorvastatin, may improve clinical outcomes. Currently, there is a lack of guidelines allowing the prediction of the therapeutic efficacy of lipid-lowering statin therapy. This study aimed to determine the effects of clinically significant gene variants of CYP2C19 on atorvastatin therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes. In total, 92 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) were sequenced for target regions within the CYP2C19 gene on the Illumina Miniseq system. The CYP2C19 poor metabolizer phenotype (carriers of CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*4, and CYP2C19*8 alleles) was detected in 29% of patients. These patients had significantly lower responses to treatment with atorvastatin than patients with the normal metabolizer phenotype. CYP2C19-metabolizing phenotype, patient age, and smoking increased the odds of undertreatment in patients (∆LDL-C (mmol/L) < 1). These results revealed that the CYP2C19 phenotype may significantly impact atorvastatin therapy personalization in patients requiring LDL lipid-lowering therapy.
The Stria Vascularis: Renewed Attention on a Key Player in Age-Related Hearing Loss
Authors: Bovee Sonny , Klump Georg M. , Köppl Christine , Pyott Sonja J.
Published: May 2024

Age-related hearing loss (HL), or presbycusis, is a complex and heterogeneous condition, affecting a significant portion of older adults and involving various interacting mechanisms. Metabolic presbycusis, a type of age-related HL, is characterized by the dysfunction of the stria vascularis, which is crucial for maintaining the endocochlear potential necessary for hearing. Although attention on metabolic presbycusis has waned in recent years, research continues to identify strial pathology as a key factor in age-related HL. This narrative review integrates past and recent research, bridging findings from animal models and human studies, to examine the contributions of the stria vascularis to age-related HL. It provides a brief overview of the structure and function of the stria vascularis and then examines mechanisms contributing to age-related strial dysfunction, including altered ion transport, changes in pigmentation, inflammatory responses, and vascular atrophy. Importantly, this review outlines the contribution of metabolic mechanisms to age-related HL, highlighting areas for future research. It emphasizes the complex interdependence of metabolic and sensorineural mechanisms in the pathology of age-related HL and highlights the importance of animal models in understanding the underlying mechanisms. The comprehensive and mechanistic investigation of all factors contributing to age-related HL, including cochlear metabolic dysfunction, remains crucial to identifying the underlying mechanisms and developing personalized, protective, and restorative treatments.
Tumor-Intrinsic Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Controls Immune Cell Infiltration, Tumor Growth, and Lung Metastasis in a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Model
Authors: Monterroza Lenore , Parrilla Maria M. , Samaranayake Sarah G. , Rivera-Rodriguez Dormarie E. , Yoon Sung Bo , Bommireddy Ramireddy , Hosten Justin , Barragan Luisa Cervantes , Marcus Adam , Dobosh Brian S. , Selvaraj Periasamy , Tirouvanziam Rabindra
Published: May 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly metastatic type of tumor. TNBC is often enriched in tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TINs), which support cancer growth in part by counteracting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Prior studies identified the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as a pro-tumor methyltransferase in primary and metastatic TNBCs. We hypothesized that EZH2 inhibition in TNBC cells per se would exert antitumor activity by altering the tumor immune microenvironment. To test this hypothesis, we used CRISPR to generate EZH2 gene knockout (KO) and overexpressing (OE) lines from parent (wild-type—WT) 4T1 cells, an established murine TNBC model, resulting in EZH2 protein KO and OE, respectively. In vitro, EZH2 KO and OE cells showed early, transient changes in replicative capacity and invasiveness, and marked changes in surface marker profile and cytokine/chemokine secretion compared to WT cells. In vivo, EZH2 KO cells showed significantly reduced primary tumor growth and a 10-fold decrease in lung metastasis compared to WT cells, while EZH2 OE cells were unchanged. Compared to WT tumors, TIN:TIL ratios were greatly reduced in EZH2 KO tumors but unchanged in EZH2 OE tumors. Thus, EZH2 is key to 4T1 aggressiveness as its tumor-intrinsic knockout alters their in vitro secretome and in vivo primary tumor growth, TIN/TIL poise, and metastasis.
Metabolic Composition of Methanolic Extract of the Balkan Endemic Species Micromeria frivaldszkyana (Degen) Velen and Its Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Stavrakeva Kristina , Metodieva Kalina , Benina Maria , Bivolarska Anelia , Dimov Ivica , Choneva Mariya , Kokova Vesela , Alseekh Saleh , Ivanova Valentina , Vatov Emil , Gechev Tsanko , Mladenova Tsvetelina , Mladenov Rumen , Todorov Krasimir , Stoyanov Plamen , Gyuzeleva Donika , Popova Mihaela , Apostolova Elisaveta
Published: May 2024

Extracts from medicinal plants are widely used in the treatment and prevention of different diseases. Micromeria frivaldszkyana is a Balkan endemic species with reported antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics; however, its phytochemical composition is not well defined. Here, we examined the metabolome of M. frivaldszkyana by chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols were the primary metabolites with the highest levels in the plant extract. Detailed analysis of the sugar content identified high levels of sucrose, glucose, mannose, and fructose. Lipids are primary plant metabolites, and the analysis revealed triacylglycerols as the most abundant lipid group. Potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and calcium (Ca) were the elements with the highest content. The results showed linarin, 3-caffeoil-quinic acid, and rosmarinic acid, as well as a number of polyphenols, as the most abundant secondary metabolites. Among the flavonoids and polyphenols with a high presence were eupatorin, kaempferol, and apigenin—compounds widely known for their bioactive properties. Further, the acute toxicity and potential anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract were evaluated in Wistar rats. No toxic effects were registered after a single oral application of the extract in doses of between 200 and 5000 mg/kg bw. A fourteen-day pre-treatment with methanolic extract of M. frivaldszkyana in doses of 250, 400, and 500 mg/kg bw induced anti-inflammatory activity in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd hours after carrageenan injection in a model of rat paw edema. This effect was also present in the 4th hour only in the group treated with a dose of 500 mg/kg. In conclusion, M. frivaldszkyana extract is particularly rich in linarin, rosmarinic acid, and flavonoids (eupatorin, kaempferol, and apigenin). Its methanolic extract induced no toxicity in male Wistar rats after oral application in doses of up to 5000 mg/kg bw. Additionally, treatment with the methanolic extract for 14 days revealed anti-inflammatory potential in a model of rat paw edema on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd hours after the carrageenan injection. These results show the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant, which might be considered for further exploration and eventual application as a phytotherapeutic agent.
Integrating Genome-Scale Metabolic Models with Patient Plasma Metabolome to Study Endothelial Metabolism In Situ
Authors: Silva-Lance Fernando , Montejano-Montelongo Isabel , Bautista Eric , Nielsen Lars K. , Johansson Pär I. , Marin de Mas Igor
Published: May 2024

Patient blood samples are invaluable in clinical omics databases, yet current methodologies often fail to fully uncover the molecular mechanisms driving patient pathology. While genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) show promise in systems medicine by integrating various omics data, having only exometabolomic data remains a limiting factor. To address this gap, we introduce a comprehensive pipeline integrating GEMs with patient plasma metabolome. This pipeline constructs case-specific GEMs using literature-based and patient-specific metabolomic data. Novel computational methods, including adaptive sampling and an in-house developed algorithm for the rational exploration of the sampled space of solutions, enhance integration accuracy while improving computational performance. Model characterization involves task analysis in combination with clustering methods to identify critical cellular functions. The new pipeline was applied to a cohort of trauma patients to investigate shock-induced endotheliopathy using patient plasma metabolome data. By analyzing endothelial cell metabolism comprehensively, the pipeline identified critical therapeutic targets and biomarkers that can potentially contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies. Our study demonstrates the efficacy of integrating patient plasma metabolome data into computational models to analyze endothelial cell metabolism in disease contexts. This approach offers a deeper understanding of metabolic dysregulations and provides insights into diseases with metabolic components and potential treatments.
Preface to the Special Issue on Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Revesz Peter Z.
Published: May 2024

Computational linguistics and natural language processing are at the heart of the AI revolution that is currently transforming our lives [...]
Cost-Effective Signcryption for Securing IoT: A Novel Signcryption Algorithm Based on Hyperelliptic Curves
Authors: Khan Junaid , Zhu Congxu , Ali Wajid , Asim Muhammad , Ahmad Sadique
Published: May 2024

Security and efficiency remain a serious concern for Internet of Things (IoT) environments due to the resource-constrained nature and wireless communication. Traditional schemes are based on the main mathematical operations, including pairing, pairing-based scalar multiplication, bilinear pairing, exponential operations, elliptic curve scalar multiplication, and point multiplication operations. These traditional operands are cost-intensive and require high computing power and bandwidth overload, thus affecting efficiency. Due to the cost-intensive nature and high resource requirements, traditional approaches are not feasible and are unsuitable for resource-limited IoT devices. Furthermore, the lack of essential security attributes in traditional schemes, such as unforgeability, public verifiability, non-repudiation, forward secrecy, and resistance to denial-of-service attacks, puts data security at high risk. To overcome these challenges, we have introduced a novel signcryption algorithm based on hyperelliptic curve divisor multiplication, which is much faster than other traditional mathematical operations. Hence, the proposed methodology is based on a hyperelliptic curve, due to which it has enhanced security with smaller key sizes that reduce computational complexity by 38.16% and communication complexity by 62.5%, providing a well-balanced solution by utilizing few resources while meeting the security and efficiency requirements of resource-constrained devices. The proposed strategy also involves formal security validation, which provides confidence for the proposed methodology in practical implementations.
Microstructural and Residual Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Waste Copper Slag as Fine Aggregate Exposed to Ambient and Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Chaitanya Bypaneni Krishna , Sivakumar Ilango , Madhavi Yellinedi , Cruze Daniel , Venkatesh Chava , Naga Mahesh Yenigandla , Sri Durga Chereddy Sonali
Published: May 2024

In recent times, with rapid development in the construction sector, the use of enormous amounts of materials is required for the production of concrete. Fire penetrates concrete, leading to chemical contamination, small cracks, and lightening. These effects can significantly change the properties of concrete’s structure, reduce its strength and durability, and also change the behavior of the structure and lead to effects on the environment. An attempt was made to study the effects of elevated temperature on the mechanical characteristics of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with by-products including fly ash as a partial replacement for cement and waste copper slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%. The SCC specimens were subjected to elevated temperatures ranging from 200, 400, 600, and 800 °C, respectively, for a steady-state of two hours in a digital muffle furnace. The residual compressive strength, mass loss, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and residual density along with a visual inspection of cracks and color changes were observed. In this study, with over 400 °C temperatures, surface fractures appeared. The residual compressive strength (R-CMS) of all the individual temperatures of the SCC-WCS% mixes exhibited a gain in strength range from 31 to 34 MPa at 400 °C, 26 to 35 MPa at 600 °C, and 22.5 MPa to 33.5 MPa at 800 °C, respectively. Microstructural analysis of SCC-WCS% mixtures subjected to elevated ambient temperatures is carried out with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Comparative Mitogenome of Phylogenetic Relationships and Divergence Time Analysis within Potamanthidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera)
Authors: Guo Zhi-Qiang , Gao Ya-Jie , Chen Yu-Xin , Zhan Le-Mei , Storey Kenneth B. , Yu Dan-Na , Zhang Jia-Yong
Published: May 2024

Potamanthidae belongs to the superfamily Ephemeroidea but has no complete mt genome released in the NCBI (except for two unchecked and one partial mt genome). Since the sister clade to Potamanthidae has always been controversial, we sequenced seven mt genomes of Potamanthidae (two species from Rhoenanthus and five species from Potamanthus) in order to rebuild the phylogenetic relationships of Potamanthidae in this study. The divergence time of Potamanthidae was also investigated by utilizing five fossil calibration points because of the indeterminate origin time. In addition, because Rhoenanthus coreanus and Potamanthus luteus are always in low-temperature environments, we aimed to explore whether these two species were under positive selection at the mt genome level. Amongst the 13 PCGs, CGA was used as the start codon in COX1, whereas other genes conformed to initiating with an ATN start codon. From this analysis, UUA (L), AUU (I), and UUU (F) had the highest usage. Furthermore, the DHU arm was absent in the secondary structure of S1 in all species. By combining the 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationship of Potamanthidae within Ephemeroptera. The monophyly of Potamanthidae and the monophyly of Rhoenanthus and Potamanthus were supported in the results. The phylogenetic relationship of Potamanthidae + (Ephemeridae + Polymitarcyidae) was also recovered with a high prior probability. The divergence times of Potamanthidae were traced to be 90.44 Mya (95% HPD, 62.80–121.74 Mya), and the divergence times of Rhoenanthus and Potamanthus originated at approximately 64.77 Mya (95% HPD, 43.82–88.68 Mya), thus belonging to the late Pliocene Epoch or early Miocene Epoch. In addition, the data indicated that R. coreanus was under negative selection and that ATP8 and ND2 in Potamanthidae had a high evolutionary rate.
Metabolic Resistance and Not Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Gene Mutation Is Associated with Pyrethroid Resistance of Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) from Cambodia
Authors: Marcombe Sébastien , Doeurk Bros , Thammavong Phoutmany , Veseli Tuba , Heafield Christian , Mills Molly-Ann , Kako Sedra , Prado Marcelly Ferreira , Thomson Shakira , Millett Saffron , Hill Timothy , Kentsley Imogen , Davies Shereena , Pathiraja Geethika , Daniels Ben , Browne Lucianna , Nyamukanga Miranda , Harvey Jess , Rubinstein Lyranne , Townsend Chloe , Allen Zack , Davey-Spence Christopher , Hupi Adina , Jones Andrew K. , Boyer Sebastien
Published: May 2024

(1) Background: In Cambodia, Aedes albopictus is an important vector of the dengue virus. Vector control using insecticides is a major strategy implemented in managing mosquito-borne diseases. Resistance, however, threatens to undermine the use of insecticides. In this study, we present the levels of insecticide resistance of Ae. albopictus in Cambodia and the mechanisms involved. (2) Methods: Two Ae. albopictus populations were collected from the capital, Phnom Penh city, and from rural Pailin province. Adults were tested with diagnostic doses of malathion (0.8%), deltamethrin (0.03%), permethrin (0.25%), and DDT (4%) using WHO tube assays. Synergist assays using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) were implemented before the pyrethroid assays to detect the potential involvement of metabolic resistance mechanisms. Adult female mosquitoes collected from Phnom Penh and Pailin were tested for voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) kdr (knockdown resistance) mutations commonly found in Aedes sp.-resistant populations throughout Asia (S989P, V1016G, and F1534C), as well as for other mutations (V410L, L982W, A1007G, I1011M, T1520I, and D1763Y). (3) Results: The two populations showed resistance against all the insecticides tested (<90% mortality). The use of PBO (an inhibitor of P450s) strongly restored the efficacy of deltamethrin and permethrin against the two resistant populations. Sequences of regions of the vgsc gene showed a lack of kdr mutations known to be associated with pyrethroid resistance. However, four novel non-synonymous mutations (L412P/S, C983S, Q1554STOP, and R1718L) and twenty-nine synonymous mutations were detected. It remains to be determined whether these mutations contribute to pyrethroid resistance. (4) Conclusions: Pyrethroid resistance is occurring in two Ae. albopictus populations originating from urban and rural areas of Cambodia. The resistance is likely due to metabolic resistance specifically involving P450s monooxygenases. The levels of resistance against different insecticide classes are a cause for concern in Cambodia. Alternative tools and insecticides for controlling dengue vectors should be used to minimize disease prevalence in the country.
Percutaneous Retrograde Trans-Gluteal Embolization of Type 2 Endoleak Causing Iliac Aneurysm Enlargement after Endovascular Repair: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Esposito Andrea , Pasqua Rocco , Menna Danilo , Giordano Antonio Nicola , Illuminati Giulio , D’Andrea Vito
Published: May 2024

Late type II endoleaks (T2ELs) arising from the internal iliac artery (IIA) may present during follow-up after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) of aortoiliac aneurysm and may warrant embolization if enlargement of the aneurysmal sac is demonstrated. When coverage of the IIA ostium has been made due to extensive iliac disease, access options can be challenging. Different treatment options have been reported over recent years, and a careful selection of the best one must be made based on the characteristics of each case. The present study reports a simple and reproducible sheathless percutaneous superior gluteal artery (SGA) access and provides a discussion based on a review of the existing literature on this topic.
The Effectiveness of Osseodensification Drilling versus the Conventional Surgical Technique on Implant Stability: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Fontes Pereira João , Costa Rosana , Nunes Vasques Miguel , Relvas Marta , Braga Ana Cristina , Salazar Filomena , Infante da Câmara Marco
Published: May 2024

Background/Objective: To ensure that implants are able to support prosthetic rehabilitation, a stable and functional union between the bone and the implant surface is crucial to its stability and success. To increase bone volume and density and excel bone-implant contact, a novel drilling method, called osseodensification (OD), was performed. To assess the effectiveness of the osseodensification drilling protocol versus the conventional surgical technique on implant stability. Methods: Bone Level Tapered Straumann implants were placed side-by-side with both OD and subtractive conventional drilling (SD) in 90 patients from CESPU—Famalicão clinical unit. IT was measured using a manual torque wrench, and the Implant stability quotient (ISQ) value was registered using the Osstell® IDX. Results: According to the multifactorial ANOVA, there were statistically significant differences in the mean IT values due to the arch only (F(1.270) = 4.702, p-value = 0.031 < 0.05). Regarding the length of the implant, there were statistically significant differences in the mean IT in the OD group (p = 0.041), with significantly lower mean IT values for the Regular implants compared to the Long. With respect to the arch, the analyses of the overall ISQ values showed an upward trend in both groups in the maxilla and mandible. High levels of IT also showed high ISQ values, which represent good indicators of primary stability. Conclusions: OD does not have a negative influence on osseointegration compared to conventional subtractive osteotomy.
NGF, EPO, and IGF-1 in the Male Reproductive System
Authors: Metallinou Chryssa , Staneloudi Chrysovalanto , Nikolettos Konstantinos , Asimakopoulos Byron
Published: May 2024

Several studies have demonstrated interesting results considering the implication of three growth factors (GFs), namely nerve growth factor (NGF), erythropoietin (EPO), and the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) in the physiology of male reproductive functions. This review provides insights into the effects of NGF, EPO, and IGF-1 on the male reproductive system, emphasizing mainly their effects on sperm motility and vitality. In the male reproductive system, the expression pattern of the NGF system varies according to the species and testicular development, playing a crucial role in morphogenesis and spermatogenesis. In humans, it seems that NGF positively affects sperm motility parameters and NGF supplementation in cryopreservation media improves post-thaw sperm motility. In animals, EPO is found in various male reproductive tissues, and in humans, the protein is present in seminal plasma and testicular germ cells. EPO receptors have been discovered in the plasma membrane of human spermatozoa, suggesting potential roles in sperm motility and vitality. In humans, IGF-1 is expressed mainly in Sertoli cells and is present in seminal plasma, contributing to cell development and the maturation of spermatozoa. IGF-1 seems to modulate sperm motility, and treatment with IGF-1 has a positive effect on sperm motility and vitality. Furthermore, lower levels of NGF or IGF-1 in seminal plasma are associated with infertility. Understanding the mechanisms of actions of these GFs in the male reproductive system may improve the outcome of sperm processing techniques.
Understanding and Classifying Permanent Denial-of-Service Attacks
Authors: Abaimov Stanislav
Published: May 2024

In the evolving landscape of cybersecurity threats, permanent denial-of-service (PDoS) attacks have emerged as a particularly damaging form of cyber aggression. Unlike the more well-known denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, which disrupt services temporarily, PDoS attacks aim to inflict irreversible damage to systems, often resulting in significant system overhauls and requiring hardware replacement. To enable the development of effective security measures, but also to address the knowledge gaps, this paper presents an in-depth exploration of PDoS attacks, emphasizing their distinguishing characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and potential further development. Through a comprehensive case study, this research highlights diverse tactics and strategies employed by attackers, from targeting IoT devices to manipulating boot processes and exploiting firmware vulnerabilities. A novel classification of PDoS attack vectors is proposed that also explains the ways in which the systems can be compromised. The findings confirm the pressing need for adaptive and robust defense mechanisms to mitigate the threats posed by PDoS attacks in our interconnected digital world.
In Vitro Evaluation of Mechanical, Surface, and Optical Properties of Restorative Materials Applied with Different Techniques
Authors: Nezir Merve , Özcan Suat
Published: May 2024

(1) Background: currently, the advantages of bulk-fill resin composite and high-viscosity glass ionomer materials have increased their use in dentistry; accordingly, their mechanical, surface, and optical properties have become more important. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical, surface, and optical properties of three different restorative materials (a high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite (TNC), a flowable bulk-fill resin composite (EBF), and a high-viscosity glass ionomer (FIX)) after application using different techniques (control, heat application, and ultrasonic activation). (2) Methods: specimens were prepared to assess the color stability and surface roughness (n = 12). The specimens were immersed in two different solutions for 14 days. For the compressive strength test, specimens were prepared using a Teflon mold (n = 12). (3) Results: among the specimens applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions and immersed in distilled water, it was observed that the surface roughness values of FIX on the 7th day were statistically significantly higher than the other materials (p < 0.05). The compressive strength values of EBF applied using ultrasonic activation were significantly lower than those of EBF applied using the other techniques (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: coffee can negatively affect the color stability of restorative materials, but discoloration may vary depending on differences in the content of the material. All materials evaluated in this study exhibited clinically acceptable surface roughness values. It can be concluded that flowable bulk-fill resin composite is the most durable material in terms of compressive strength, so it can be used in the restoration of posterior teeth, especially those exposed to intensive stress.
Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Lactococcus lactis-Loaded Alginate Particles as a Promising Delivery Tool for Periodontal Probiotic Therapy
Authors: Wuttke Bettina , Ekat Katharina , Chabanovska Oleksandra , Jackszis Mario , Springer Armin , Vasudevan Praveen , Kreikemeyer Bernd , Lang Hermann
Published: May 2024

Probiotic microorganisms are used in a variety of food supplements and medical formulations to promote human health. In periodontal therapy, probiotics are mainly used in the form of gels, tablets or rinses that often tend to leak from the periodontal pocket, resulting in a strongly reduced therapeutic effect. In this pilot in vitro study, we present biodegradable alginate-based particles as an alternative, highly efficient system for a periodontal delivery of probiotic bacteria to the inflammation site. For this purpose, Lactococcus (L.) lactis was encapsulated using a standardized pump-controlled extrusion-dripping method. Time-dependent bacterial release in artificial saliva was investigated over 9 days. The effect of freeze drying was explored to ensure long-term storage of L. lactis-loaded particles. Additionally, the particles were bound to dentin surface using approved bioadhesives and subjected to shear stress in a hydrodynamic flow chamber that mimics the oral cavity in vitro. Thus, round particles within the range of 0.80–1.75 mm in radius could be produced, whereby the diameter of the dripping tip had the most significant impact on the size. Although both small and large particles demonstrated a similar release trend of L. lactis, the release rate was significantly higher in the former. Following lyophilization, particles could restore their original shape within 4 h in artificial saliva; thereby, the bacterial viability was not affected. The attachment strength to dentin intensified by an adhesive could resist forces between 10 and 25 N/m2. Full degradation of the particles was observed after 20 days in artificial saliva. Therefore, alginate particles display a valuable probiotic carrier for periodontal applications that have several crucial advantages over existing preparations: a highly stable form, prolonged continuous release of therapeutic bacteria, precise manufacturing according to required dimensions at the application site, strong attachment to the tooth with low risk of dislocation, high biocompatibility and biodegradability.
Investigation of the Impact Load Characteristics during Water Entry of Airdropped Underwater Gliders
Authors: Wu Xiangcheng , Wu Lihong , Yu Pengyao , Chang Xin
Published: May 2024

Underwater gliders have emerged as effective tools for long-term ocean exploration. Employing aircraft for launching underwater gliders could significantly expand their application. Compared to slender underwater vehicles, the distinctive wing structure of underwater gliders may endure huge impact forces when entering water, leading to more intricate impact load characteristics and potential wing damage. This paper employs a computational fluid dynamics approach to analyze the water entry event of an airdropped underwater glider and its impact load behavior. The results indicate that the glider impact load is enhanced prominently by the wing, and that the extent of enhancement is influenced by the entry attitude. At an entry angle of 80°, the glider exhibits the maximum impact load during different water entry angles. In addition, a larger attack angle indicates a higher glider impact load. Our present study holds significant importance for both the hydrodynamic shape design and water entry strategy control of airdropped underwater gliders.
Identification of Shipborne VHF Radio Based on Deep Learning with Feature Extraction
Authors: Chen Liang , Liu Jiayu
Published: May 2024

In the feature identification of maritime VHF radio communication signals, shipborne VHF communication technology follows the same international technical standards formulated by IMO, uses analog communication technology and uses the same communication channel in the same area, and cannot effectively achieve signal feature identification by adding feature elements in the process of signal modulation. How to effectively identify the ship using VHF radio has always been a technical difficulty in the field of ship perception. In this paper, based on the convolutional neural network, combined with the feasibility of CAM feature extraction and BiLSTM feature extraction in non-cooperative signal recognition, a deep learning recognition model of shipborne VHF radio communication signals is established, and the deep learning approach is employed to discern the features of VHF signals, thereby accomplishing the identification and classification of transmitting VHF radio stations. Several experiments are designed according to the characteristics of ship communication scenes at sea. The experimental data show that the method proposed in this paper can provide a new feasible path for ship target perception in terms of radio signal characteristics and identification.
Data-Driven Modal Decomposition Methods as Feature Detection Techniques for Flow Fields in Hydraulic Machinery: A Mini Review
Authors: Xu Bin , Zhang Liwen , Zhang Weibin , Deng Yilin , Wong Teck Neng
Published: May 2024

Cavitation is a quasi-periodic process, and its non-stationarity leads to increasingly complex flow field structures. On the other hand, characterizing the flow field with greater precision has become increasingly feasible. However, accurately and effectively extracting the most representative vibration modes and spatial structures from these vast amounts of data has become a significant challenge. Researchers have proposed data-driven modal decomposition techniques to extract flow field information, which have been widely applied in various fields such as signal processing and fluid dynamics. This paper addresses the application of modal decomposition methods, such as dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), and Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SPOD), in cavitation feature detection in hydraulic machinery. It reviews the mathematical principles of these three algorithms and a series of improvements made by researchers since their inception. It also provides examples of the applications of these three algorithms in different hydraulic machinery. Based on this, the future development trends and possible directions for the improvement of modal decomposition methods are discussed.
Special Issue on Offshore Wind Energy
Authors: Uzunoglu E. , Souto-Iglesias A. , Guedes Soares C.
Published: May 2024

As the impact of fossil fuels on the planet becomes clear, the world is increasingly focusing on renewable energy sources [...]