bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stabat Venus dolorosa nell’Adone di Marino
Authors: Bertolio Johnny L.
Published: January 2021

Il presente studio intende verificare e sviluppare una linea interpretativa dell’Adone tracciata a più riprese da Francesco Guardiani (specialmente: La meravigliosa retorica 52–56; “I trastulli” 313; “A Christological Metamorphosis” 187–94) e già rilevata da P. Pozzi nel suo fondamentale commento (in Marino, L’Adone, vol. 2, 63): si tratta di quel costante innesto, nella figura e nella vicenda di Adone, di elementi appartenenti alla storia sacra e, specificamente, a Cristo e alla sua Passione. Si è parlato e si continua a parlare, a tale proposito, di “neopaganesimo” (Frare), il che indica quanto sia cruciale interrogarsi sugli scopi, se mai Marino ne avesse, e sugli esiti di questo giocare col fuoco della fede e del dogma in un’epoca poco incline al compromesso. In questo percorso, l’Adone sarà letto tenendo presenti, in particolare, la Lira e le Dicerie Sacre, due opere che, per quanto attiene ai carmi dedicati alla Passione, si illuminano a vicenda anche in forza della cronologia (Lira III e Dicerie, infatti, escono nel 1614): per parafrasare, grazie alla fecondissima produzione del Nostro, il motto dell’esegesi omerica di Aristarco, si proverà dunque a “spiegare Marino con Marino”.
More Becoming to a Man: Fathers, Sons, and the Novel of Education in Giorgio Bassani’s Il giardino dei Finzi-Contini
Authors: Malaguti Andrea
Published: January 2021

The article examines the dynamics of interaction between fathers and sons in Giorgio Bassani’s The Garden of the Finzi-Contini in a Lacanian perspective. In doing so, it discusses the often uncritically ascribed label of Bildungsroman as belonging to the novel in question only as an element of parody, which more keenly underscores the tension of the time between the approval of the racial laws (November 1938) and the eve of WWII (August 1939). It also provides the basis for further discussion on the identity of the narrating subject and his role in the Romanzo di Ferrara as a whole.
Gli uomini parleranno, ma non diranno nulla’. La via italiana alla Sprachkritik
Authors: Cangiano Mimmo
Published: January 2021

La Sprachkritik, o critica del linguaggio, si pone — in particolar modo per l’intellighenzia austriaca e francese — quale uno dei luoghi fondamentali della “cultura della crisi” primonovecentesca, anzitutto in quanto riflesso, nelle strutture linguistiche, di una più generale messa in discussione del concetto di verità oggettiva. Il saggio analizza, in primo luogo, la presenza di tale questione in alcuni intellettuali italiani del periodo coevo (Giuseppe Prezzolini, Aldo Palazzeschi, Giovanni Boine e Carlo Michelstaedter), e chiarifica, in secondo luogo, come l’emersione di tale problematica implichi la partecipazione italiana ad alcune delle principali direttive culturali moderniste. Il tema analizzato permette infine di esplicitare, mediante le diverse prese di posizione degli intellettuali italiani sul tema, una fondamentale frattura all’interno dello stesso orizzonte culturale modernista; permette di chiarire, vale a dire, come il movimento modernista, pur partendo da nuclei tematico-filosofici similari, abbia immediatamente espresso su tali nuclei giudizi e soluzioni differenti. Le diverse prese di posizione sulla questione della Sprachkritik esemplificano la diversità degli approcci culturali rispetto a più centrali e diffusi nuclei tematici modernisti quali la questione della “morte di Dio”, l’entrata in crisi dell’idea di Soggetto e l’impossibilità della Forma di contenere in sé il dilagare della Vita.
Il giallo in colonia: Italian Post-Imperial Crime Novels
Authors: D’Arcangeli Luciana , Lori Laura
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes several crime stories set during Italian imperial history, in particular Andrea Camilleri’s La presa di Macallè (2003) and Il nipote del Negus (2010); Carlo Lucarelli’s L’ottava vibrazione (2008) and Albergo Italia (2014); and Giorgio Ballario’s Morire è un attimo (2008) and Una donna di troppo (2009). It focuses on the representation of Italian and local characters, placing particular attention on the portrayal of the detective and his sidekick, as well as female characters. It also analyzes how the relationship between Italy and its colonies is generally portrayed in these crime novels. It shows how crime fiction can be an effective instrument with which to explore a controversial topic such as the colonial era, also by linking it to present practices.
Le lettere di e a Cesarotti nella Biblioteca Nazionale di Parigi (con documenti inediti)
Authors: Penso Andrea
Published: January 2021

L’articolo presenta due lettere di Melchiorre Cesarotti ritrovate dall’A. durante alcune ricerche condotte alla Bibliothèque Nationale de France su materiali manoscritti. La prima lettera è indirizzata a Voltaire, e riguarda la traduzione delle due tragedie Le Fanatisme, ou Mahomet e La Mort de César. Si tratta di una missiva già edita nel 1977 a opera di Theodore Besterman in Inghilterra nel quadro dell’edizione dei carteggi di Voltaire. Questo ritrovamento è passato però quasi inosservato nell’ambito degli studi di italianistica: l’articolo punta dunque a rilanciare l’interesse per questo fugace carteggio. La seconda missiva, che data al giugno 1803, è invece inedita e proviene dal fondo Custodi, inesauribile fonte di informazioni e curiosità. Il tema del secondo documento è molto diverso: Cesarotti comunica a Pietro Custodi di non poter prendere parte al suo progetto, la raccolta Scrittori classici italiani di economia politica, che iniziò a svilupparsi proprio nel 1803. Nonostante il rifiuto, il letterato padovano si ripromise di sollecitare qualche amico, esperto di economia, a fornire qualche contributo. Per meglio contestualizzare la seconda lettera, pertanto, l’A. si sofferma anche su un altro documento del fondo Custodi, vale a dire una missiva che l’economista veneziano Francesco Battaglia indirizzò proprio a Cesarotti, il quale l’aveva a sua volta incoraggiato a prendere parte al progetto di Custodi.
Guido Gozzano e la poesia crepuscolare tra innovazione modernista e interferenze d’oltralpe
Authors: Ceccarelli Marilena
Published: January 2021

Il movimento crepuscolare italiano di inizio Novecen­to — riconosciuto e definito come tale non senza perplessità — appa­re segnare, per la sua intrinseca vocazione da un lato all’identificazione nell’esperienza delle esistenze più umili con cui il poeta è a colloquio, dall’altro alla considerazione dell’uomo nella fugacità della sua condi­zione finita, un primo momento di rottura, in un’ottica acerbamen­te modernista, rispetto alle tendenze della letteratura fin de siècle. Il contributo prende in esame gli aspetti della produzione letteraria di Guido Gozzano che maggiormente risultano ispirati da questa vena, rilevando parallelamente per quali vie le ben note influenze di Fran­cis Jammes abbiano concorso alla costruzione della sua poetica più matura, che manterrà pur sempre una totale unicità d’ispirazione e d’espressione.
Le vie verso la ragione: i segni del nuovo realismo in Gomorra
Authors: Haaland Torunn
Published: January 2021

Il saggio si concentra sui concetti di realtà e impegno etico e civile in Gomorra. Il romanzo-inchiesta di Roberto Saviano viene in­serito nel contesto del ritorno al realismo e dell’emergere di “oggetti narrativi non-identificati” nella narrativa contemporanea, per poi es­sere associato al dibattito sul nuovo realismo sviluppatosi nell’ultimo decennio in campo filosofico. Costituiscono un punto di riferimento essenziale il Manifesto del nuovo realismo ed altri scritti di Maurizio Fer­raris, così come La questione morale di Roberta de Monticelli. Il primo approfondisce la natura inemendabile della realtà ontologica, separan­dola nettamente dalla realtà epistemologica, mentre la seconda riven­dica il valore della ragione pratica come base di conoscenza e giudizio. Entrambi i filosofi si oppongono allo scetticismo etico in favore di una rivalutazione della capacità della percezione d’accertare tutto ciò che non è socialmente costruito o che non è vero. Il fatto che ci sia una re­altà esterna e indipendente dal sapere umano permette di formulare dei giudizi intesi a indirizzare l’agire umano. L’analisi di Gomorra mostra, precisamente, una tendenza a ricorrere ai sensi come prove dei fatti e alla ragione per acquisire una conoscenza approfondita dei fatti stessi. Le esperienze sensibili si trasmettono, inoltre, nella parola testimoniale e nella presenza fisica sul territorio dell’autore-testimone: due elementi chiave su cui si costruiscono le condanne delle realtà rivelate. I giudizi morali pronunciati suggeriscono che la libertà consiste nel dovere di portare a compimento i diritti civili e di rendere ragione e chiedere agli altri di rendere ragione del proprio agire. In fine, una tale concezione della scrittura e dell’impegno civile rivendica la capacità della parola scritta di documentare, come propone Ferraris, fatti e azioni, e la poten­za della ragione quale fondamento per un dialogo critico con i lettori.
Tondelli and the 1980s: Four Keywords for a Reassessment
Authors: Bolongaro Eugenio
Published: January 2021

This article challenges the interpretation of the 1980s in Italy as a period in which a large section of the population and, especially, the younger generation, turned away from politics and a retreated into the private sphere after the revolutionary ebullience of the 1960s and 1970s. The discussion centres around the figure of Pier Vittorio Tondelli whose collection of short stories Altri libertini (1980) inaugurated a new understanding of the cultural role of literature, and a new relationship between authors and readers. While devoid of the ideological preoccupations that characterized the protest movement(s) of the previous decades, Tondelli’s work, it is argued, is anything but escapist and rather seeks to provide a sensitive and thoughtful account of the transformations taking place in Italian society and culture during a critical decade in which Italy, like other mature Western societies, was precipitously projected into the post-Fordist phase of contemporary capitalism. From this vantage point Tondelli’s opus demonstrate the constant and sustained engagement of its author with a disorienting new world in which the contradictions between personal and collective desires and aspirations are increasingly mobilized to fuel the “society of spectacle” Guy Debord had foreseen. It can hardly be questioned that Tondelli’s struggle raises ethical issues, but it is important to see that this ethical dimension is inherently connected with a political horizon, albeit a politics of desire that traditional Marxist approaches have some difficulty identifying as politics, let alone as revolutionary politics. In order to appreciate fully the significance of Tondelli’s cultural contribution and disentangle it from the debates that it originated, the author proposes a fresh approach. Mindful of Raymond Williams’s eminent example (Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, 1976), the analysis focuses on four keywords that can help us traverse Tondelli’s work and identify its strengths as well as some of its weaknesses. Affect, Commitment, Postmodernism, and Theory are intersecting vectors in a reassessment that through Tondelli reopens the discussion on an entire decade, and its aftermath.
In cerca della memoria: Ogni promessa di Andrea Bajani
Authors: Martini Alessandro
Published: January 2021

Quali rischi corre una società incapace di ascoltare i propri testimoni, che li lascia scomparire quasi distrattamente? Che cosa accadrà quando sarà partito anche l’ultimo testimone di un’epoca e degli eventi che l’hanno segnata? Sono alcuni dei quesiti che strutturano la riflessione di Andrea Bajani in Ogni promessa (2010), romanzo incentrato sul vuoto lasciato dalla scomparsa dei testimoni e sul percorso necessario per traghettare nel presente il loro lascito in maniera consapevole e produttiva. La scelta della postura adatta di fronte a tale perdita non è tuttavia scontata, e richiede un percorso di accettazione ed elaborazione del lutto: senza di esso non rimane altro che un fragile e sterile ripiego verso l’intimo, su cui è impossibile costruire un avvenire. Attraverso la storia di Pietro e di suo nonno reduce del corpo di spedizione italiano in Russia del 1943, Bajani tratteggia questo cammino in bilico tra pubblico e privato, al termine del quale ci si può riappropriare del presente proiettandosi verso un futuro nuovamente immaginabile.
A Platonic Look at Herself: Knowledge, Love, and Soul in Sibilla Aleramo’s Dialogo con Psiche
Authors: Alfano Barbara
Published: January 2021

Dialogo con Psiche (1909–10) has received little consideration from scholars of Sibilla Aleramo; yet, this is a work of paramount importance for understanding Aleramo’s approach to knowledge and hence gaining a deeper insight into her subsequent autobiographical novels. For Aleramo, knowledge cannot be separated from the knowledge of the Self that she calls soul. Love is the key that opens the door to that wisdom. This essay explores the triangulation between knowledge, love, and soul in Dialogo con Psiche, which is the foundation of Aleramo’s personal experience as represented in her autobiographical works; in so doing, the essay also clarifies the writer’s strong relationship with Platonism, a relationship to which scholars of Aleramo might want to pay renewed attention.
Space and Relic in Frank Paci’s Black Madonna
Authors: Ferraro Eveljn
Published: January 2021

This essay investigates Frank Paci’s dominant themes of death and life in Black Madonna and the author’s use of relics to retrace post-migrant spaces. I examine his connections between immigrant and post-immigrant generations in the microcosm of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, and the way he preserves memories of the past (family, work, religious practices) while refashioning an Italian regional identity from a deterritorialized position. My approach to the themes of death, life, Italianness, and gender relationships is shaped by Michel de Certeau’s theories of place and space. Relics are defined here as something that survives the passage of time––either at a specific location or across spatial movement––and is invested with a sense of devotion. My argument is that Paci’s writing is devotional insofar as it preserves the memory of immigrants by disseminating the text with different kinds of traces (e.g., human, behavioural, linguistic). In function, memories act as relics. However, Paci’s writing is ambivalent towards memory, since quests for emancipation are also forcefully voiced by the author as challenges to preservation. This tension is at the core of Black Madonna, where Italian immigrants, practices, and places are represented as outdated, dead, or doomed to disappear, and yet deserving recognition and affection. In my view, Paci’s writing is more compelling when the relic as “place” interacts with a narrative of practices (or operations) that defy stability and actualize “spaces.” I will refer to this as a narrative of mobilized relics. Relics are a valid analytical tool to investigate the ties with Italy and ethnicity in the passage from immigrants to post-immigrant generations, from one historical subject to another, both of which are liminally positioned between cultures. In this sense, Black Madonna’s exploration of an Italian-Canadian microcosm spurs further transnational investigations of contemporary Italian identity through the migrant intergenerational lens.
A Fairy-Tale Noir: Rewriting Fairy Tales into Feminist Narratives of Exposure
Authors: Cannamela Danila
Published: January 2021

This article introduces the fairy-tale noir, a subgenre of fantasy-noir fiction that is particularly present in the work of Italian women writers, including Laura Pugno, Simona Vinci, Nicoletta Vallorani, and Alda Teodorani. This subgenre adopts fairy-tale topoi and characters to elaborate on the theme of vulnerability from feminist and environmental perspectives. Vulnerability is an intrinsic feature of fairy tales (texts that are continually performed and modified, but that remain “non-appropriable”); it is also a pivotal characteristic of the young protagonists of these fictional universes, who are often exposed to abuse. The twenty-first-century fairy-tale noir redeploys the discourse of bodily exposure typical of traditional fairy tales by engaging in an environmentalist reflection on the experience of exposure that human and nonhuman bodies share. The genre also adopts the theme of vulnerability as openness to change and uses the unconventional families of fairy tales to discuss recent social changes in Italian families. Finally, fantasy noir recasts vulnerability to violence as a potential space of empathy, or biophilia, with the broader, nonhuman “family.” Exploring this overlooked genre ultimately shows how Italian women writers, who are still at the margins of the Nuovo Giallo Italiano, have successfully reinvented a male-dominated genre into a literary lens probing socio-environmental concerns, first and foremost gender discriminations.
“La parola «rammendare».” Natalia Ginzburg’s Gemeinschaft
Authors: Cangiano Mimmo
Published: January 2021

My article has a dual purpose: on the one hand I will discuss the concept of social community that emerges from the public activity of Ginzburg. I will look at the political practice that Ginzburg sketched out, clarifying how this would become that “politica della memoria” aimed at defending and rebuilding what is ‘in ruin,’ i.e. — and this is also the ‘duty’ that Ginzburg had always assigned to Jewish people — aimed at standing up for all the losers of History, for all the people defeated by ‘progress.’ On the other hand, I will clarify the connection this concept of community has not only with Ginzburg’s literary topics, but with the forms of her narrative. I will make clear, in other words, how the idea of community is related to a precise form of novel structure, a structure modified according to the different historical judgments given by Ginzburg on the community-Italy.
Fisionomia di una raccolta poetica dimenticata: L’alba ai vetri di Giorgio Bassani (1963)
Authors: Colella Massimo
Published: January 2021

Momento cronologicamente mediano dell’itinerario poetico di Giorgio Bassani, L’alba ai vetri (1963) rappresenta il tentativo autoriale di una messa a punto e di un bilancio complessivo dell’esperienza lirica svolta sino a quel momento. Una corretta storicizzazione e decifrazione dell’opera bassaniana non può prescindere dalla valutazione critica di tale raccolta. Il saggio ne propone pertanto una dettagliata lettura ravvicinata, giocata su molteplici assi (non escluso quello correlato alle questioni variantistiche di tipo genetico ed evolutivo), restituendo l’immagine di un’operazione letteraria di indubbio valore esistenziale ed estetico.
Where “the blood boils:” Hans Christian Andersen’s sojourn in Naples
Authors: Clemente Frances
Published: January 2021

When in 1834, during his Grand Tour of Europe, Hans Christian Andersen set foot in Naples, he was immediately won over by the exuberant vitality of the Neapolitan people. The Parthenopean city, where he “was exposed to sensuality as a daily temptation” (Rossel, “Hans Christian Andersen” 24 and “Do You Know the Land” 95), also awakened Andersen’s more repressed instincts. From this experience he drew material for his most autobiographical novel, Improvisatoren (1835; The Improvisatore), whose protagonist tries to and succeeds in resisting the seductions of Neapolitan sensuality. If on the one hand the Danish author underwent the typical experience of the Northern traveller visiting the South and, more specifically, Naples, enjoying its openness and gaiety, on the other hand he never completely abandoned himself to Southern allures, upholding his moral and religious beliefs against a city that continuously attempted to wholly seduce him. The present paper aims to retrace Andersen’s first journey to Naples—where, by the writer’s own account, “the blood boils” (The Diaries of Hans Christian Andersen 85)—as a voyage into a tempting sensuality, contextualizing it within the wider context of nineteenth-century travelling experience in the city by Northern travellers.
Aging of human hematopoietic stem cells is linked to changes in Cdc42 activity
Authors: Amoah Amanda , Keller Anja , Emini Ramiz , Hoenicka Markus , Liebold Andreas , Vollmer Angelika , Eiwen Karina , Soller Karin , Sakk Vadim , Zheng Yi , Florian Maria Carolina , Geiger Hartmut
Published: January 2021

In this study, we characterize age-related phenotypes of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). We report increased frequencies of HSC, hematopoietic progenitor cells and lineage negative cells in the elderly but a decreased frequency of multi-lymphoid progenitors. Aged human HSC further exhibited a delay in initiating division ex vivo though without changes in their division kinetics. The activity of the small RhoGTPase Cdc42 was elevated in aged human hematopoietic cells and we identified a positive correlation between Cdc42 activity and the frequency of HSC upon aging. The frequency of human HSC polar for polarity proteins was, similar to the mouse, decreased upon aging, while inhibition of Cdc42 activity via the specific pharmacological inhibitor of Cdc42 activity, CASIN, resulted in re-polarization of aged human HSC with respect to Cdc42. Elevated activity of Cdc42 in aged HSC thus contributed to age-related changes in HSC. Xenotransplant, using NBSGW mice as recipients, showed elevated chimerism in recipients of aged compared to young HSC. Aged HSC treated with CASIN ex vivo displayed an engraftment profile similar to recipients of young HSC. Taken together, our work reveals strong evidence for a role of elevated Cdc42 activity in driving aging of human HSC, and similar to mice, this presents a likely possibility for attenuation of aging in human HSC.
Flipbook KVISOFT Teaching Development Language about the Leaf of Historical Tradition in SMA Negeri Karang Pandan
Authors: Maryati Isa , Agung Leo , Pelu Musa
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine whether through the development of flipbook learning media on the material of the legacy of historical traditions can be used to improve student achievement in its function, namely as a learning resource for students in the classroom. This research method includes research and development (R&D). The subjects of this study were 36 students of class X MIPA 1 consisting of 26 female students and 10 male students. The instruments used in this study were interview sheets or questionnaire sheets and observation sheets. The results of this research are in the form of electronic books, flipbooks, legacy of historical traditions. The data taken at the time of the research are validity test data and reliability test data. Based on the results of the research, it shows that the development of flipbook learning media on the material of the legacy of historical traditions as a source of student learning is effective to improve student achievement in history subjects with the results of pre test = 67.2%, post-test 1 = 72.1%, and post. -test 2 = 78.14%. This electronic book, in the form of a flipbook, from the heritage of historical traditions, is used as a teaching and learning resource at SMA N Karangpandan.
Tendência temporal da mortalidade por Câncer de Colo do Útero em Sergipe
Authors: Martins Manuela de Carvalho Vieira , Carregosa Késsia Raianne Santos , Anchieta Marcelly Conceição Menezes , Batista Jefferson Felipe Calazans , Andrade Thandara Rejane Santos Ferreira , Santos Ianka Heloisa Alencar , Ferrari Yasmim Anayr Costa , Jesus Carla Viviane Freitas de , Góis Rebecca Maria Oliveira de , Galotti Fernanda Costa Martins , Lima Sonia Oliveira
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal da mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero em Sergipe, no período de 2000 a 2018, bem como identificar sua relação com taxa de cobertura de exames citopatológicos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de séries temporais, cujos dados referentes à população feminina residente, número de óbitos por neoplasia maligna de colo de útero e número de exames citopatológicos realizados, estratificados por faixa etária e outras variáveis socioeconômicas na Unidade da Federação e período descritos, foram extraídos do DATASUS e de seus sistemas associados. Resultados: Foram verificados, entre 2000 e 2018, 1.239 óbitos por câncer de colo de útero em Sergipe, dos quais 23,18% eram mulheres de 50 a 59 anos; 51,49% de cor parda; 24,53% com nenhuma escolaridade; 40,36% solteiras e 67,71% ocorreram em ambiente hospitalar. Na cobertura de exames citopatológicos, foram encontrados dados de 2006 a 2018, identificou-se 1.067.695 exames realizados no mesmo local, a maioria possuía raça/cor, escolaridade, estado civil e ocorrência ignorados ou não registrados e 27,80% eram mulheres de 20 a 29 anos. Conclusão: Percebe-se a tendência de crescimento da mortalidade e a tendência de diminuição da taxa de cobertura, fato que, mesmo não significativo estatisticamente, pode representar variáveis inversamente proporcionais.
Características químicas e atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de Plectranthus amboinicus (lour.) Spreng. cultivada com adubações distintas
Authors: Borba Elizabeth Regina de Castro , Mubárack Thiago Castro , Luz Tássio Rômulo Silva Araújo , Silveira Daniella Patrícia Brandão , Silva Ana Zélia , Figueiredo Patrícia de Maria Silva , Monteiro Odair dos Santos , Fernandes Yan Michel Lopes , Paula Maria do Livramento de , Vilanova Crisálida Machado , Coutinho Denise Fernandes
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: avaliar se há diferenças no rendimento, na composição química e consequentemente na atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais de Plectranthus amboinicus quando submetida a cultivos com adubações diferentes em um mesmo período do ano. Metodologia: Plectranthus amboinicus foi cultivada com dois tipos de adubação diferentes durante 75 dias. A extração do óleo essencial das folhas ocorreu por hidrodestilação com Clevenger e a identificação dos seus constituintes químicos foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo. Resultados: Foram constatadas variações no rendimento, na composição química e na atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial nas amostras cultivadas com adubações orgânicas diferentes em uma mesma época. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos na amostra de óleo essencial adubada com esterco bovino, tendo um rendimento de 1,65% e como majoritários Carvacrol (58,6%), γ-Terpineno: (15,1%) e p-Cymeno: (8,2%). Conclusão: Os majoritários Carvacrol, γ-Terpineno e p-Cymeno estiveram mais abundantes no cultivo com adubação orgânica do tipo esterco bovino. Da mesma forma, o melhor potencial antimicrobiano detectado do óleo essencial contra E. coli e C. albicans decorreu do cultivo das plantas com adubação orgânica do tipo esterco bovino. Os dados sugerem que este tipo de adubação seja adequado para produzir o óleo essencial com melhor atividade antimicrobiana e maior qualidade. Portanto, é possível melhorar o rendimento, a concentração dos constituintes e sua resposta antimicrobiana através de uma adubação orgânica acessível e de baixo custo.
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis promotes increased mortality despite the reduction of parasitemia in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice
Authors: Barbosa Aline da Silva , Temple Mayani Costa Ribeiro , Varela Everton Luiz Pompeu , Gomes Antonio Rafael Quadros , Silveira Edvaldo Lima , Carvalho Eliete Pereira de , Dolabela Maria Fani , Percario Sandro
Published: January 2021

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator molecule in inflammatory processes, but its role in the pathophysiology of malaria is still uncertain. To investigate the NO synthesis inhibition on the oxidative changes induced by Plasmodium berghei infection in mice, malaria was induced in 150 animals, of which 75 animals were treated with the NO inhibitor L-NAME; the remaining animals were sham controls. All animals underwent euthanasia 1, 5, 10, 15, or 20 days after infection for the collection of lungs, brain, and blood. Parasitemia was determined, and the survival of the animals was evaluated. Tissue samples were assayed for nitrites and nitrates (NN), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). A histopathological study was performed. Mortality rates in the L-NAME group were always higher than those in the controls. In the brain, NN was lower in the L-NAME group. Parasitemia and its progression rate were greater in the control group. By the 5th day of infection, mice treated with L-NAME showed cerebral edema and interstitial pneumonia of greater intensity than controls. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory and hemodynamic effects of NO surpass its pro-oxidant role in murine malaria.
Congelação de sêmen equino após 24 horas de resfriamento
Authors: Coelho Rogéria Werner de Almeida , Dias Julio Cesar Oliveira
Published: January 2021

O objetivo com este trabalho é trazer de forma técnica o método de resfriação e congelação de espermatozoides da espécie equina após a refrigeração por 24 h com quatro diluidores comerciais. A abordagem técnica vai desde os exames que antecedem e comprovam a viabilidade do garanhão para coleta até o descongelamento de amostras. A coleta é realizada por meio de vagina artificial modelo para equinos e manequim para monta do animal. Após a coleta e análise das características macroscópicas (cor, aspecto, odor e volume) e microscópicas (motilidade total, vigor e concentração espermática) do sêmen fresco, será realizado o resfriamento das amostras seminais, à 5 ºC, por 24 h, com os diluentes comerciais. Após esse período, as amostras serão centrifugadas e o pellet será ressuspendido com diluente comercial para congelamento e criopreservado à -196 ºC em palhetas. As palhetas serão descongeladas à 37 ºC para serem usadas em inseminação artificial.
Large-scale salmon farming in Norway impacts the epiphytic community of Laminaria hyperborea
Authors: O’Riain MJ , Armitage CS , Kutti T , Husa V , Skogen MD , Bekkby T , Carvajalino-Fernández MA , Bannister RJ , White CA , Norderhaug KM , Fredriksen S
Published: January 2021

Large-scale finfish farms are increasingly located in dispersive hard-bottom environments whereLaminaria hyperboreaforests dominate; however, the interactions between farm effluents and kelp forests are poorly understood. Effects of 2 levels of salmonid fish-farming effluents (high and low) onL. hyperboreaepiphytic communities were studied by sampling canopy plants from 12 sites in 2 high-energy dispersive environments. Specifically, we assessed if farm effluents stimulated fast-growing epiphytic algae and faunal species onL. hyperboreastipes—as this can impact the kelp forest community composition—and/or an increased lamina epiphytic growth, which could negatively impact the kelp itself. We found that bryozoan biomass on the stipes was significantly higher at high-effluent farm sites compared to low-effluent farm and reference sites, resulting in a significantly different epiphytic community. Macroalgal biomass also increased with increasing effluent levels, including opportunisticEctocarpusspp., resulting in a less heterogeneous macroalgae community at high-effluent farm sites. This habitat heterogeneity was further reduced by the high bryozoan biomass at the high-effluent sites. Such changes in the epiphyte community could have implications for the faunal community that relies on the epiphytes for food and refuge. On the kelp lamina, no clear response to farm effluents was found.
Life cycle of the ectoparasite Tachaea chinensis (Isopoda: Corallanidae) on the freshwater shrimp Palaemonetes sinensis (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Authors: Xu W , Li X , Han Z , Jin J , Zhao X , Zhao Y , Wei H , Chen Q , Li Y
Published: January 2021

In this study, we describe in detail the life cycle ofTachaea chinensis(Isopoda: Corallanidae), a branchial ectoparasitic isopod that infests the freshwater shrimpPalaemonetes sinensisin China. We obtained 14 ovigerousT. chinensisfemales (8.22-11.92 mm in length) and observed the development of embryos through 5 sequential ontogenetic stages within the brood pouches (marsupium) of these females. The number of eggs or mancae (post-larval juveniles) held in the female marsupium ranged from 31 to 86, with a mean ± SD of 61.25 ± 16.16 eggs. FemaleT. chinensiswere semelparous, i.e. individuals died following the release of mancae from the marsupium. Released mancae were non-planktonic and immediately infective to host shrimps. However, only a few mancae successfully established contact with a host, and it is thus assumed that the remainder were predated by shrimp. AttachedT. chinensisfed on the host hemolymph, and subsequent to host death, these isopods typically searched for a new host. We also found thatT. chinensisexhibits a host preference: most mancae attached toP. sinensisrather than toNeocaridinasp. orMacrobrachium nipponense. This study provides valuable empirical data that will support future research on the prevention and control of parasitic isopod infections.
Intraoperative neurophysiological mapping: the effect of general anaesthetic impact on brain cortex affectability
Authors: Aleksandrov M. V. , Kostenko I. A. , Toporkova O. A. , Nazarov R. V. , Tastanbekov M. M. , Chernyj V. S.
Published: January 2021

Neuron irritation lies at the heart of intraoperative motor mapping and varies with the general anaesthetic type and dose. Basing on the analysis of 63 cases (male/female 25/38, aged 21–69) of brain tumors (glial tumors, metastasis, cavernous angiomas) the study explores the role of propofol and sevoflurane in the affectability of cortex neurons during the intraoperative neurophysiological mapping. The study has clearly demonstrated that the liminal current strength is notably higher when inhalation anaesthesia (sevoflurane) is used, than in the case of TIVA (propofol). The propofol activity in the doses causing brain activity depression results in a sharp increase in the excitability threshold. In contrast, sevoflurane causes a steady dose-related rise in the liminal current strength during the motor area galvanic stimulation due to the suppression of affectability and conduction in the nervous system.
Metabolic factors in pathogenesis of migraine and unsteadiness
Authors: Bedenko A. S.
Published: January 2021

Headache and dizziness are common causes of applicion for neurological care. Migraine, being one of the most common causes of primary headaches, may lead to development of vestibular disorders both transient and persistent. Pathogenesis of vestibular migraine is poorly investigated. It is remarkable, that the high comorbidity between migraine and peripherial vestibular disorders, such as Meniere disease and benign paroxysamal positional vertigo is observed. Metabolic factors may be such an integrative common element of pathogenesis for these conditions. The crucial research works of recent years, devoted to this problem, are considered in this manuscript.
A New Method for Chromosomes Preparation by ATP-Competitive Inhibitor SP600125 via Enhancement of Endomitosis in Fish
Authors: Xu Wenting , Mo Yanxiu , He Yu , Fan Yunpeng , He Guomin , Fu Wen , Chen Shujuan , Liu Jinhui , Liu Wenbin , Peng Liangyue , Xiao Yamei
Published: January 2021

Previous studies have suggested that 1,9-Pyrazoloanthrone, known as SP600125, can induce cell polyploidization. However, what is the phase of cell cycle arrest caused by SP600125 and the underlying regulation is still an interesting issue to be further addressed. Research in this article shows that SP600125 can block cell cycle progression at the prometaphase of mitosis and cause endomitosis. It is suggested that enhancement of the p53 signaling pathway and weakening of the spindle assembly checkpoint are associated with the SP600125-induced cell cycle arrest. Using preliminary SP600125 treatment, the samples of the cultured fish cells and the fish tissues display a great number of chromosome splitting phases. Summarily, SP600125 can provide a new protocol of chromosomes preparation for karyotype analysis owing to its interference with prometaphase of mitosis.
Circ0083429 Regulates Osteoarthritis Progression via the Mir-346/SMAD3 Axis
Authors: Yao Teng , Yang Yute , Xie Ziang , Xu Yining , Huang Yizhen , Gao Jun , Shen Shuying , Ye Huali , Iranmanesh Yasaman , Fan Shunwu , Ma Jianjun
Published: January 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease. Currently, apart from symptomatic treatment or joint replacement, no other effective treatments for OA exist. The mechanisms underlying OA remain elusive and require further research. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are known to be involved in many diseases; however, their function in OA is not yet fully understood. Here, we identified a novel circRNA, Circ0083429. The role of Circ0083429 in OA was confirmed via western blot (WB), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence (IF) through knockdown and overexpression experiments. The binding of Circ0083429 to downstream miR-346 and its target gene SMAD3 was predicted via bioinformatics analysis and verified using a luciferase reporter assay and RNA pulldown experiments. Finally, the function of Circ0083429 was evaluated in mouse OA models. In our study, we found that Circ0083429 regulates the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in human chondrocytes. Mechanistically, Circ0083429 affects OA by regulating the mRNA level of SMAD3 through the sponging of microRNA (miRNA)-346. Injecting adeno-associated virus Circ0083429 into the intra-junction of the mouse knee alleviated OA. In conclusion, Circ0083429 regulates the ECM via the regulation of the downstream miRNA-346/SMAD3 in human chondrocytes, which provides a new therapeutic strategy for OA.
HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer and Biomarkers Based on Epigenetics and Microbiome Profile
Authors: Gougousis Spyridon , Mouchtaropoulou Evangelia , Besli Ioanna , Vrochidis Paraskevas , Skoumpas Ioannis , Constantinidis Ioannis
Published: January 2021

H uman papillomavirus (HPV) is considered the main cause of the increasing incidence rates of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), and soon, the global burden of HPV-related OPSCC is predicted to exceed that of cervical cancer. Moreover, a different molecular profile for HPV-related OPSCC has been described, opening new promising targeted therapies and immunotherapy approaches. Epigenetic and microbiome-based exploration of biomarkers has gained growing interest with a view to the primary oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) screening. Understanding the role of the epigenetic mechanism and the changes that occur during pathogenesis shows appreciable progress in recent years. The different methylation status of DNA and miRNAs demonstrates the value of possible biomarkers discriminating even in different stages of dysplasia. Through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, differentially methylated regions (DMRs) hold the key to recover missing information. O n the other hand, the microbiota investigation signifies a new biomarker approach for the evaluation of OPC. Along with known cofactors playing a major role in microbiota differentiation, HPV-related cases must be explored further for better understanding. The dynamic approach of the shotgun metagenomic sequencing will robustly fill the gap especially in species/strain level and consequently to biomarker detection. The constantly growing incidence of HPV-related OPC should lead us in further investigation and understanding of the unique features of the disease, more accurate diagnostic methods, along with the development and implementation of new, targeted therapies. This paper comprehensively reviews the significance of biomarkers based on epigenetics and microbiome profile in the accuracy of the diagnosis of the HPV-related cancer in the oropharynx.
Co-delivery of Salinomycin and Curcumin for Cancer Stem Cell Treatment by Inhibition of Cell Proliferation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Zhao Yongmei , Wang Kaikai , Zheng Yuanlin , Zeng Xiaobao , Lim Yi Chieh , Liu Tianqing
Published: January 2021

Malignant cancer is a devastating disease often associated with a poor clinical prognosis. For decades, modern drug discoveries have attempted to identify potential modulators that can impede tumor growth. Cancer stem cells however are more resistant to therapeutic intervention, which often leads to treatment failure and subsequent disease recurrence. Here in this study, we have developed a specific multi-target drug delivery nanoparticle system against breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Therapeutic agents curcumin and salinomycin have complementary functions of limiting therapeutic resistance and eliciting cellular death, respectively. By conjugation of CD44 cell-surface glycoprotein with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles that are loaded with curcumin and salinomycin, we investigated the cellular uptake of BCSCs, drug release, and therapeutic efficacy against BCSCs. We determined CD44-targeting co-delivery nanoparticles are highly efficacious against BCSCs by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and limiting epithelial–mesenchymal transition. This curcumin and salinomycin co-delivery system can be an efficient treatment approach to target malignant cancer without the repercussion of disease recurrence.
Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA in Cryptosporidium parvum Reveals Significant Stage-Specific Antisense Transcription
Authors: Li Yiran , Baptista Rodrigo P. , Sateriale Adam , Striepen Boris , Kissinger Jessica C.
Published: January 2021

Cryptosporidium is a protist parasite that has been identified as the second leading cause of moderate to severe diarrhea in children younger than two and a significant cause of mortality worldwide. Cryptosporidium has a complex, obligate, intracellular but extra cytoplasmic lifecycle in a single host. How genes are regulated in this parasite remains largely unknown. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical regulatory roles, including gene expression across a broad range of organisms. Cryptosporidium lncRNAs have been reported to enter the host cell nucleus and affect the host response. However, no systematic study of lncRNAs in Cryptosporidium has been conducted to identify additional lncRNAs. In this study, we analyzed a C. parvum in vitro strand-specific RNA-seq developmental time series covering both asexual and sexual stages to identify lncRNAs associated with parasite development. In total, we identified 396 novel lncRNAs, mostly antisense, with 86% being differentially expressed. Surprisingly, nearly 10% of annotated mRNAs have an antisense transcript. lncRNAs occur most often at the 3′ end of their corresponding sense mRNA. Putative lncRNA regulatory regions were identified and many appear to encode bidirectional promoters. A positive correlation between lncRNA and upstream mRNA expression was observed. Evolutionary conservation and expression of lncRNA candidates was observed between C. parvum, C. hominis and C. baileyi. Ten C. parvum protein-encoding genes with antisense transcripts have P. falciparum orthologs that also have antisense transcripts. Three C. parvum lncRNAs with exceptional properties (e.g., intron splicing) were experimentally validated using RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. This initial characterization of the C. parvum non-coding transcriptome facilitates further investigations into the roles of lncRNAs in parasite development and host-pathogen interactions.
Underestimating the Challenges of Avoiding a Ghastly Future
Authors: Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Ehrlich Paul R. , Beattie Andrew , Ceballos Gerardo , Crist Eileen , Diamond Joan , Dirzo Rodolfo , Ehrlich Anne H. , Harte John , Harte Mary Ellen , Pyke Graham , Raven Peter H. , Ripple William J. , Saltré Frédérik , Turnbull Christine , Wackernagel Mathis , Blumstein Daniel T.
Published: January 2021

We report three major and confronting environmental issues that have received little attention and require urgent action. First, we review the evidence that future environmental conditions will be far more dangerous than currently believed. The scale of the threats to the biosphere and all its lifeforms—including humanity—is in fact so great that it is difficult to grasp for even well-informed experts. Second, we ask what political or economic system, or leadership, is prepared to handle the predicted disasters, or even capable of such action. Third, this dire situation places an extraordinary responsibility on scientists to speak out candidly and accurately when engaging with government, business, and the public. We especially draw attention to the lack of appreciation of the enormous challenges to creating a sustainable future. The added stresses to human health, wealth, and well-being will perversely diminish our political capacity to mitigate the erosion of ecosystem services on which society depends. The science underlying these issues is strong, but awareness is weak. Without fully appreciating and broadcasting the scale of the problems and the enormity of the solutions required, society will fail to achieve even modest sustainability goals.
Association Between Periodontal Disease and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: Revisited
Authors: Zardawi Faraedon , Gul Sarhang , Abdulkareem Ali , Sha Aram , Yates Julian
Published: January 2021

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is an inflammatory disease of the coronary arteries associated with atheroma formation, which can cause disability and often death. Periodontitis is ranked as the sixth most prevalent disease affecting humans affecting 740 million people worldwide. In the last few decades, researchers have focused on the effect of periodontal disease (PD) on cardiovascular disease. The aim of this review was to investigate the association between these two diseases. PD is a potential risk factor that may initiate the development, maturation, and instability of atheroma in the arteries. Two mechanisms were proposed to explain such association, either periodontal pathogens directly invade bloodstream or indirectly by increasing systemic level of inflammatory mediators. Interestingly, it has been suggested that improvement in the condition of one disease positively impact the condition of the other one. Highlighting the association between these two diseases, the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of PD and its impact on cardiovascular status may be of great value in reducing the complications associated with ACVDs. Further in vitro and in vivo studies with longer follow up are necessary to confirm the causal relationship between PD and ACVDs.
Distance-Weighted Graph Neural Networks on FPGAs for Real-Time Particle Reconstruction in High Energy Physics
Authors: Iiyama Yutaro , Cerminara Gianluca , Gupta Abhijay , Kieseler Jan , Loncar Vladimir , Pierini Maurizio , Qasim Shah Rukh , Rieger Marcel , Summers Sioni , Van Onsem Gerrit , Wozniak Kinga Anna , Ngadiuba Jennifer , Di Guglielmo Giuseppe , Duarte Javier , Harris Philip , Rankin Dylan , Jindariani Sergo , Liu Mia , Pedro Kevin , Tran Nhan , Kreinar Edward , Wu Zhenbin
Published: January 2021

Graph neural networks have been shown to achieve excellent performance for several crucial tasks in particle physics, such as charged particle tracking, jet tagging, and clustering. An important domain for the application of these networks is the FGPA-based first layer of real-time data filtering at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, which has strict latency and resource constraints. We discuss how to design distance-weighted graph networks that can be executed with a latency of less than one μs on an FPGA. To do so, we consider a representative task associated to particle reconstruction and identification in a next-generation calorimeter operating at a particle collider. We use a graph network architecture developed for such purposes, and apply additional simplifications to match the computing constraints of Level-1 trigger systems, including weight quantization. Using the hls4ml library, we convert the compressed models into firmware to be implemented on an FPGA. Performance of the synthesized models is presented both in terms of inference accuracy and resource usage.