bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new species of Eutheiini in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: May 2024

Five species of Eutheiini are known to occur in Taiwan, all belonging to the genus Eutheia Stephens. Two new species are described: Eutheia clepsydra sp. n., and Paraneseuthia spinipes sp. n. The discovery of the first Taiwanese species of Paraneseuthia, geographically not surprising, as several species occur in the south-western Ryukyuan islands, is highly unusual, because P. spinipes is morphologically distant from the Japanese and Russian Far Eastern group of species. This is the only known Paraneseuthia with modified profemora in males, and with dense groups of setae on the median lobe of aedeagus.
Description of four new species of Otacilia Thorell, 1897 (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from southern China
Authors: SHI SONGTAO , MU YANNAN , ZHANG FENG
Published: May 2024

Four new phrurolithid species of the genus Otacilia Thorell, 1897 are described from China: O. pingwu sp. nov. (♂♀; Sichuan Province), O. pugna sp. nov. (♂♀; Hunan Province), O. suining sp. nov. (♂♀; Hunan Province), and O. distorta sp. nov. (♂; Chongqing Municipality). Detailed morphological descriptions, photographs of body, copulatory organs and a distribution map of these four new species are provided.
Sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and amyloid β among cognitively healthy later-life adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moon Chooza , Schneider Aaron , Cho Young-Eun , Zhang Meina , Dang Hellen , Vu Kelly
Published: May 2024

Background

Abnormal amyloid β (Aβ) deposits in the brain are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Insufficient sleep duration and poor sleep quality are risk factors for developing AD. Sleep may play a role in Aβ regulation, but the magnitude of the relationship between sleep and Aβ deposition remains unclear. This systematic review examines the relationship between sleep (i.e., duration and efficiency) with Aβ deposition in later-life adults.

Methods

A search of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO generated 5,005 published articles. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative syntheses; thirteen studies for quantitative syntheses related to sleep duration and Aβ; and nine studies for quantitative syntheses related to sleep efficiency and Aβ.

Results

Mean ages of the samples ranged from 63 to 76 years. Studies measured Aβ using cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and positron emission tomography scans with two tracers: Carbone 11-labeled Pittsburgh compound B or fluorine 18-labeled. Sleep duration was measured subjectively using interviews or questionnaires, or objectively using polysomnography or actigraphy. Study analyses accounted for demographic and lifestyle factors. Based on 13 eligible articles, our synthesis demonstrated that the average association between sleep duration and Aβ was not statistically significant (Fisher’s Z = -0.055, 95% CI = -0.117 ~ 0.008). We found that longer self-report sleep duration is associated with lower Aβ (Fisher’s Z = -0.062, 95% CI = -0.119 ~ -0.005), whereas the objectively measured sleep duration was not associated with Aβ (Fisher’s Z = 0.002, 95% CI = -0.108 ~ 0.113). Based on 9 eligible articles for sleep efficiency, our synthesis also demonstrated that the average association between sleep efficiency and Aβ was not statistically significant (Fisher’s Z = 0.048, 95% CI = -0.066 ~ 0.161).

Conclusion

The findings from this review suggest that shorter self-reported sleep duration is associated with higher Aβ levels. Given the heterogeneous nature of the sleep measures and outcomes, it is still difficult to determine the exact relationship between sleep and Aβ. Future studies with larger sample sizes should focus on comprehensive sleep characteristics and use longitudinal designs to better understand the relationship between sleep and AD.
Assessment of aortic dilatation in Chinese children and adolescents with Turner syndrome: a single center experience
Authors: Su Wei , Sun Longwei , Li Zhuoguang , Liu Xia , Zhang Longjiang , Zhao Xiu , Fan Shumin , Li Boning , Xie Ying , Xiao Weiwei , Su Zhe
Published: May 2024

Background

Patients with Turner syndrome (TS) face an increased risk of developing aortic dilatation (AD), but diagnosing AD in children presents greater complexity compared to adults. This study aimed to investigate the application of various assessment indicators of AD in Chinese children and adolescents with TS.

Methods

This study included TS patients admitted to Shenzhen Children’s Hospital from 2017 to 2022. Cardiovascular lesions were diagnosed by experienced radiologists. Patients without structural heart disease were divided into different body surface area groups, then the Chinese TS population Z-score (CHTSZ-score) of the ascending aorta was calculated and compared with other indicators such as aortic size index (ASI), ratio of the ascending to descending aortic diameter (A/D ratio), and TSZ-score (Quezada’s method).

Results

A total of 115 TS patients were included, with an average age of 10.0 ± 3.7 years. The incidences of the three most serious cardiovascular complications were 9.6% (AD), 10.4% (coarctation of the aorta, CoA), and 7.0% (bicuspid aortic valve, BAV), respectively. The proportion of developing AD in TS patients aged ≥ 10 years was higher than that in those < 10 years old (16.6% vs. 1.8%, P = 0.009), and the proportion of patients with CoA or BAV who additionally exhibited AD was higher than those without these conditions (31.6% vs. 5.2%, P < 0.001). The ASI, A/D ratio, TSZ-score, and CHTSZ-score of the 11 patients with AD were 2.27 ± 0.40 cm/m2, 1.90 ± 0.37, 1.28 ± 1.08, and 3.07 ± 2.20, respectively. Among the AD patients, only 3 cases had a TSZ-score ≥ 2, and 2 cases had a TSZ-score ≥ 1. However, based on the assessment using the CHTSZ-score, 6 patients scored ≥ 2, and 5 patients scored ≥ 1. In contrast, the TSZ-score generally underestimated the aortic Z-scores in Chinese children with TS compared to the CHTSZ-score.

Conclusions

The applicability of ASI and A/D ratio to children with TS is questionable, and racial differences can affect the assessment of TSZ-score in the Chinese population. Therefore, establishing the CHTSZ-score specifically tailored for Chinese children and adolescents is of paramount importance.
Prevalence and associated risk factors for suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempt among male construction workers in Ireland
Authors: O’Donnell Shane , Egan Tom , Clarke Nicholas , Richardson Noel
Published: May 2024

Background

Suicide among male construction workers are reported to be disproportionally high compared to the working age population. However, there is minimal understanding of the prevalence and associated factors for suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicide attempt among this occupational group globally.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on a large sample of male construction workers in Ireland (n = 1,585). We investigated the prevalence of suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts and sociodemographic, occupational, and mental health factors associated with these three outcomes. Multivariable Poisson regression was performed to estimate the prevalence rate ratio of suicidal ideation (model 1 primary outcome), while multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio of non-suicidal self-injury (model 2 primary outcome), and suicide attempt (model 3 primary outcome).

Results

The lifetime prevalence rate for suicidal ideation was 22%, 6% for non-suicidal self-injury, and 6% for suicide attempt. In univariate modelling, socio-demographic and occupation-specific factors associated with the three outcomes included younger age (suicidal ideation and non-suicidal self-injury), not being in a relationship (suicide attempt) and working 35–44 h per week (suicidal ideation and suicide attempt). The mental health factors generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and suicide bereavement were significantly associated with increased risk of the three outcomes. In fully adjusted multivariable models, increasing severity of generalized anxiety disorder and depression were associated with an increased prevalence rate ratio of suicidal ideation, and a higher odds ratio of non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempt.

Conclusion

Suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempt are significant issues for male construction workers that require specific attention. Findings highlight a need to support younger male construction workers and those bereaved by suicide. They also highlight the need for the early detection and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and depression in order to intervene in, and potentially prevent, suicidality among male construction workers.
Exploring risky health behaviors and vulnerability to sexually transmitted diseases among transnational undocumented labor migrants from Bangladesh: a qualitative study
Authors: Sohel Md. Salman , Sifullah Md. Khaled , Hossain Babul , Sarker Md. Fouad Hossain , Zaman Noshin Tasnim , Obaidullah Md.
Published: May 2024

Background

In Bangladesh, remittances constitute a substantial portion of the country’s foreign exchange earnings and serve as a primary source of income. However, a considerable number of Bangladeshi citizens reside overseas without proper documentation, exposing them to significant challenges such as limited access to healthcare and socioeconomic opportunities. Moreover, their irregular migration status often results in engaging in risky health behaviors that further exacerbate their vulnerability. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the risky health behavior and HIV/STI susceptibility of Bangladeshi irregular international migrants residing across the globe with undocumented status.

Methods

Using a qualitative Interpretative Phenomenological Approach (IPA), 25 illegal migrants were interviewed who are currently living illegally or returned to their home country. The author used a thematic approach to code and analyze the data, combining an integrated data-driven inductive approach with a deductive approach. Concurrent processing and coding were facilitated by employing the Granheim model in data analysis.

Results

The study identified four risky health behaviors among irregular Bangladeshi migrants: hazardous living conditions, risky jobs, suicidal ideation, and tobacco consumption. Additionally, the authors found some HIV/STI risk behavior among them including engaging in unprotected sex, consuming alcohol and drugs during sexual activity, and having limited access to medical facilities.

Conclusions

The findings of this study can be used by health professional, governments, policymakers, NGOs, and concerned agencies to develop welfare strategies and initiatives for vulnerable undocumented migrant workers.
The factors affecting substance abuse relapse based on theory of planned behavior in male addicts covered by addiction treatment centers in Southern Iran
Authors: Sohrabpour Mojtaba , Kamyab Amirhossein , Yari Asiyeh , Harsini Pooyan Afzali , Khani Jeihooni Ali
Published: May 2024

Background

Given the destructive nature of addiction and its relapse after quitting, the present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting substance abuse relapse based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in male addicts covered by addiction treatment centers in Shiraz, Iran.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 male addicts covered by addiction treatment centers in Shiraz, Iran, in 2021–2022. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software through descriptive statistical methods, linear regression, and binary logistic regression.

Results

190 people (47.50%) were aged 31–40 years, 265 people (66.25%) were married, 224 people (56%) lived with their spouses, and 192 people (48 percent) had their first use at the age of 16–20. The substance respondents used were methamphetamine (59.5%), heroin (53%), opium (48%), and alcohol (40%). 138 people (34.5%) had their first place of consumption at friends’ houses (Tables 1 and 2).

342 people (85.5%) had a history of relapse, and 172 people (50.29%) had 1–5 relapses. Marital status, occupation, and income were among the demographic risk factors, and addicted friends and close relatives were among the behavioral risk factors for drug relapse among people with a history of relapse. Personal desire and the insistence of friends were also among the individual and interpersonal factors of drug use among participants. The regression results showed that the constructs of awareness, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention were predictors of drug relapse among addicts (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The current study’s findings indicate that among the behavioral risk factors for drug relapse in individuals with a history of relapse are addicted friends and close relatives, while marital status, occupation, and income are among the demographic risk variables. Among the individual and interpersonal factors influencing drug usage among participants were personal desire and friends’ insistence. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the TPB’s structures might be used to predict drug relapse in addicts.
Bayesian network analysis of factors influencing type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and their comorbidities
Authors: Kong Danli , Chen Rong , Chen Yongze , Zhao Le , Huang Ruixian , Luo Ling , Lai Fengxia , Yang Zihua , Wang Shuang , Zhang Jingjing , Chen Hao , Mai Zhenhua , Yu Haibing , Wu Keng , Ding Yuanlin
Published: May 2024

Objective

Bayesian network (BN) models were developed to explore the specific relationships between influencing factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease (CAD), and their comorbidities. The aim was to predict disease occurrence and diagnose etiology using these models, thereby informing the development of effective prevention and control strategies for T2DM, CAD, and their comorbidities.

Method

Employing a case-control design, the study compared individuals with T2DM, CAD, and their comorbidities (case group) with healthy counterparts (control group). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify disease-influencing factors. The BN structure was learned using the Tabu search algorithm, with parameter estimation achieved through maximum likelihood estimation. The predictive performance of the BN model was assessed using the confusion matrix, and Netica software was utilized for visual prediction and diagnosis.

Result

The study involved 3,824 participants, including 1,175 controls, 1,163 T2DM cases, 982 CAD cases, and 504 comorbidity cases. The BN model unveiled factors directly and indirectly impacting T2DM, such as age, region, education level, and family history (FH). Variables like exercise, LDL-C, TC, fruit, and sweet food intake exhibited direct effects, while smoking, alcohol consumption, occupation, heart rate, HDL-C, meat, and staple food intake had indirect effects. Similarly, for CAD, factors with direct and indirect effects included age, smoking, SBP, exercise, meat, and fruit intake, while sleeping time and heart rate showed direct effects. Regarding T2DM and CAD comorbidities, age, FBG, SBP, fruit, and sweet intake demonstrated both direct and indirect effects, whereas exercise and HDL-C exhibited direct effects, and region, education level, DBP, and TC showed indirect effects.

Conclusion

The BN model constructed using the Tabu search algorithm showcased robust predictive performance, reliability, and applicability in forecasting disease probabilities for T2DM, CAD, and their comorbidities. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing prevention and control strategies and exploring the application of BN in predicting and diagnosing chronic diseases.
The varying estimation of infertility in Ethiopia: the need for a comprehensive definition
Authors: Araya Bilen Mekonnen , Aldersey Heather M. , Camara Saionara , Alemu Kassahun , Dyer Silke , Velez Maria P.
Published: May 2024

Background

Infertility is a marginalized sexual and reproductive health issue in low-resource settings. Globally, millions are affected by infertility, but the lack of a universal definition makes it difficult to estimate the prevalence of infertility at the population level. Estimating the prevalence of infertility may inform targeted and accessible intervention, especially for a resource-limited country like Ethiopia. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of female infertility in Ethiopia using the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) through two approaches: (i) the demographic approach and (ii) the current duration approach.

Methods

Data from 15,683 women were obtained through the 2016 Ethiopian DHS. The demographic approach estimates infertility among women who had been married/in a union for at least five years, had never used contraceptives, and had a fertility desire. The current duration approach includes women at risk of pregnancy at the time of the survey and determines their current length of time-at-risk of pregnancy at 12, 24, and 36 months. Logistic regression analysis estimated the prevalence of infertility and factors associated using the demographic approach. Parametric survival analysis estimated the prevalence of infertility using the current duration approach. All estimates used sampling weights to account for the DHS sampling design. STATA 14 and R were used to perform the statistical analysis.

Results

Using the demographic definition, the prevalence of infertility was 7.6% (95% CI 6.6–8.8). When stratified as primary and secondary infertility, the prevalence was 1.4% (95% CI 1.0-1.9) and 8.7% (95% CI 7.5–10.1), respectively. Using the current duration approach definition, the prevalence of overall infertility was 24.1% (95% CI 18.8–34.0) at 12-months, 13.4% (95% CI 10.1–18.6) at 24-months, and 8.8% (95% CI 6.5–12.3) at 36-months.

Conclusion

The demographic definition of infertility resulted in a lower estimate of infertility. The current duration approach definition could be more appropriate for the early detection and management of infertility in Ethiopia. The findings also highlight the need for a comprehensive definition of and emphasis on infertility. Future population-based surveys should incorporate direct questions related to infertility to facilitate epidemiological surveillance.
Effectiveness and feasibility of 5G-based remote interactive ultrasound training in critical care
Authors: Shen Peng , An Youzhong , Hao Chenxiao , Lyu Jie , Zhao Huiying
Published: May 2024

Background

Ultrasound has widely used in various medical fields related to critical care. While online and offline ultrasound trainings are faced by certain challenges, remote ultrasound based on the 5G cloud platform has been gradually adopted in many clinics. However, no study has used the 5G remote ultrasound cloud platform operating system for standardized critical care ultrasound training. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of 5G-based remote interactive ultrasound training for standardized diagnosis and treatment in critical care settings.

Methods

A 5G-based remote interactive ultrasound training system was constructed, and the course was piloted among critical care physicians. From July 2022 to July 2023, 90 critical care physicians from multiple off-site locations were enrolled and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The 45 physicians in the experimental group were trained using the 5G-based remote interactive ultrasound training system, while the other 45 in the control group were taught using theoretical online videos. The theoretical and practical ultrasonic capabilities of both groups were evaluated before and after the training sessions, and their levels of satisfaction with the training were assessed as well.

Results

The total assessment scores for all of the physicians were markedly higher following the training (80.7 ± 11.9) compared to before (42.1 ± 13.4) by a statistically significant margin (P < 0.001). Before participating in the training, the experimental group scored 42.2 ± 12.5 in the critical care ultrasound competency, and the control group scored 41.9 ± 14.3—indicating no significant differences in their assessment scores (P = 0.907). After participating in the training, the experimental group’s assessment scores were 88.4 ± 6.7, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (72.9 ± 10.8; P < 0.001). The satisfaction score of the experimental group was 42.6 ± 2.3, which was also significantly higher than that of the control group (34.7 ± 3.1, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The 5G-based remote interactive ultrasound training system was well-received and effective for critical care. These findings warrant its further promotion and application.
Physical fitness decline and career paths: a longitudinal study of medical undergraduates
Authors: Tang Haitao , Wang Jinsong , Bao Ji , Zhang Lie
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Exercise enhances one's health and competitiveness. A strong physical fitness status can pave the way for a promising future. This study presents the time-based trends in physical fitness indicators—including height, weight, BMI, lung capacity, dash, long-distance running, and standing long jump—among medical undergraduates during their university years. Additionally, we analyzed the impact of students' physical fitness on their career paths.

Method

We conducted a retrospective database study by collecting physical fitness test data and career paths information for 634 medical students from a university in southwestern China. These students graduated in 2022. The career paths included pursuits in further studies, employment, and unemployment. To detect differences in these aspects, we used the t-test and Chi-square test.

Results

Our study indicates a significant declining trend in the physical fitness of medical students during their university years. The changes observed between the first and fourth tests are as follows:

Weight (kg): 58.52 ± 10.48 to 60.73 ± 12.07, P < 0.00

BMI (kg/m^2): 20.79 ± 2.74 to 21.24 ± 3.06, P < 0.00

50-m dash (s): 8.91 ± 0.99 to 9.25 ± 1.11, P < 0.00

Standing long jump (cm): 187.74 ± 30.98 to 182.59 ± 32.25, P < 0.00

800-m run for females (min): 3.84 ± 0.47 to 4.48 ± 0.85, P < 0.00

1000-m run for males (min): 3.98 ± 0.63 to 4.62 ± 0.87, P < 0.00

Sit-ups for females (count): 30.39 ± 7.5 to 29.03 ± 8.82, P < 0.00

Upon analyzing the correlation between changes in physical fitness and career paths, students with stable or decreased BMI had better post-graduation outcomes compared to students with increased BMI.

Conclusions

Medical students show a declining trend in physical fitness during their undergraduate years. A good physical health status is beneficial for achieving better career paths. Medical students should place greater emphasis on physical exercise during their time in school.
A comprehensive study on machine learning models combining with oversampling for bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension in very preterm infants
Authors: Wang Dan , Huang Shuwei , Cao Jingke , Feng Zhichun , Jiang Qiannan , Zhang Wanxian , Chen Jia , Kutty Shelby , Liu Changgen , Liao Wenyu , Zhang Le , Zhu Guli , Guo Wenhao , Yang Jie , Liu Lin , Yang Jingwei , Li Qiuping
Published: May 2024

Background

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH) remains a devastating clinical complication seriously affecting the therapeutic outcome of preterm infants. Hence, early prevention and timely diagnosis prior to pathological change is the key to reducing morbidity and improving prognosis. Our primary objective is to utilize machine learning techniques to build predictive models that could accurately identify BPD infants at risk of developing PH.

Methods

The data utilized in this study were collected from neonatology departments of four tertiary-level hospitals in China. To address the issue of imbalanced data, oversampling algorithms synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) was applied to improve the model.

Results

Seven hundred sixty one clinical records were collected in our study. Following data pre-processing and feature selection, 5 of the 46 features were used to build models, including duration of invasive respiratory support (day), the severity of BPD, ventilator-associated pneumonia, pulmonary hemorrhage, and early-onset PH. Four machine learning models were applied to predictive learning, and after comprehensive selection a model was ultimately selected. The model achieved 93.8% sensitivity, 85.0% accuracy, and 0.933 AUC. A score of the logistic regression formula greater than 0 was identified as a warning sign of BPD-PH.

Conclusions

We comprehensively compared different machine learning models and ultimately obtained a good prognosis model which was sufficient to support pediatric clinicians to make early diagnosis and formulate a better treatment plan for pediatric patients with BPD-PH.
Effects of non-invasive respiratory support in post-operative patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Pettenuzzo Tommaso , Boscolo Annalisa , Pistollato Elisa , Pretto Chiara , Giacon Tommaso Antonio , Frasson Sara , Carbotti Francesco Maria , Medici Francesca , Pettenon Giovanni , Carofiglio Giuliana , Nardelli Marco , Cucci Nicolas , Tuccio Clara Letizia , Gagliardi Veronica , Schiavolin Chiara , Simoni Caterina , Congedi Sabrina , Monteleone Francesco , Zarantonello Francesco , Sella Nicolò , De Cassai Alessandro , Navalesi Paolo
Published: May 2024

Background

Re-intubation secondary to post-extubation respiratory failure in post-operative patients is associated with increased patient morbidity and mortality. Non-invasive respiratory support (NRS) alternative to conventional oxygen therapy (COT), i.e., high-flow nasal oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure, and non-invasive ventilation (NIV), has been proposed to prevent or treat post-extubation respiratory failure. Aim of the present study is assessing the effects of NRS application, compared to COT, on the re-intubation rate (primary outcome), and time to re-intubation, incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, patient discomfort, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay, and mortality (secondary outcomes) in adult patients extubated after surgery.

Methods

A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. A search from Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science from inception until February 2, 2024 was performed.

Results

Thirty-three studies (11,292 patients) were included. Among all NRS modalities, only NIV reduced the re-intubation rate, compared to COT (odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.28; 0.87, p = 0.015, I2 = 60.5%, low certainty of evidence). In particular, this effect was observed in patients receiving NIV for treatment, while not for prevention, of post-extubation respiratory failure, and in patients at high, while not low, risk of post-extubation respiratory failure. NIV reduced the rate of nosocomial pneumonia, ICU length of stay, and ICU, hospital, and long-term mortality, while not worsening patient discomfort.

Conclusions

In post-operative patients receiving NRS after extubation, NIV reduced the rate of re-intubation, compared to COT, when used for treatment of post-extubation respiratory failure and in patients at high risk of post-extubation respiratory failure.
Knowledge and attitudes towards performing resuscitation among seniors - a population-based study
Authors: Kłosiewicz Tomasz , Śmigasiewicz Sandra , Cholerzyńska Hanna , Zasada Wiktoria , Czabański Adam , Puślecki Mateusz
Published: May 2024

Background

Cardiac arrest constitutes a critical medical emergency necessitating swift intervention to reinstate normal heart rhythm and prevent harm to vital organs. The pivotal role of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in influencing survival rates is well recognized. With older adults being the most common group to witness such events, it’s curcial to understand their attitudes and knowledge about performing CPR. Additionally, understanding if health status has an influence can help in tailoring education for specific seniors needs.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was sent to University of the Third Age (UTA) students. The survey comprised sections focusing on demographic data, CPR knowledge, automated external defibrillator (AED) knowledge, first aid training, and readiness to perform CPR and use AEDs. Participants’ health conditions were also assessed through multiple-choice options.

Results

We received 456 responses. Significant awareness of emergency numbers and cardiac arrest recognition was revealed. However, knowledge gaps persisted, particularly in compression rates. Most participants comprehended AED usage, yet training primarily relied on theoretical approaches. Health conditions notably affected CPR readiness, with associations between specific chronic diseases and willingness to perform CPR.

Conclusions

Addressing knowledge gaps and tailoring education for elderly needs are crucial for improving survival rates. Future research should explore barriers to bystander CPR during out-of-hospital cardiac arrests to further enhance survival prospects.
The income-debt dynamics in a Samuelson-Hicks model
Authors: Σπυράκης Βασίλειος
Published: May 2024

Η Μεγάλη Ύφεση προκάλεσε μία σοβαρή κρίση χρέους στην Ευρώπη. Η χρηματοπιστωτική κρίση και η κρίση χρέους έκαναν αναγκαία την επαναξιολόγηση των αξιωμάτων που ακολουθούνταν. Το ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον μετατοπίστηκε στη δυναμική συμπεριφορά του λόγου χρέους προς ΑΕΠ, στη βιωσιμότητα του χρέους και στην κατάλληλη πολιτική για την αντιμετώπιση των προβλημάτων της ύφεσης και του υψηλού χρέους. Παράλληλα, άρχισαν τρεις διενέξεις σχετικά με: α) τις θεωρίες υπερβάλλοντος χρέους και τον τρόπο με τον οποίο ο λόγος χρέους προς ΑΕΠ επηρεάζει το ρυθμό αύξησης του εισοδήματος, γραμμικά ή μη γραμμικά, β) την εφαρμογή εμπροσθοβαρούς ή οπισθοβαρούς λιτότητας και γ) ποιο μέσο πολιτικής πρέπει να χρησιμοποιηθεί, οι φόροι ή οι κρατικές δαπάνες. Στην παρούσα Διδακτορική Διατριβή διερευνάται η σχέση μεταξύ του χρέους, του λόγου χρέους προς ΑΕΠ και των επενδύσεων. Εισάγεται η έννοια της δεύτερης σχέσης, δηλαδή της επίδρασης του χρέους στις επενδύσεις, και δημιουργείται μια νέα μη γραμμική συνάρτηση για τις επενδύσεις, η οποία ενσωματώνει την παραπάνω δεύτερη σχέση. Επιπλέον, η νέα μη γραμμική συνάρτηση ενσωματώνεται σε ένα δυναμικό σύστημα διακριτού χρόνου ΑΕΠ-χρέους και δημιουργείται μια νέα μέθοδος για την εφαρμογή της δημοσιονομικής πολιτικής. Αυτή η νέα μέθοδος συνεπάγεται νέα δόγματα για το συνολικό σχεδιασμό της δημοσιονομικής πολιτικής και νέα διδάγματα για τη βελτίωση της αποτελεσματικότητας και τη μείωση των επιπτώσεων της εφαρμοζόμενης δημοσιονομικής πολιτικής. Τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας Διδακτορικής Διατριβής υποδηλώνουν ότι μπορεί να επιτευχθεί ταυτόχρονη ανάπτυξη και εξυγίανση και εξαλείφουν τις τρεις παραπάνω διενέξεις. Τέλος, οι προσομοιώσεις που πραγματοποιήθηκαν και η σύγκρισή τους με τα πραγματικά οικονομικά αποτελέσματα δύο χωρών δείχνουν τα καλύτερα αποτελέσματα που μπορούν να επιτευχθούν με τη νέα μέθοδο πολιτικής.
Εισαγωγικό Σημείωμα
Authors: Σκούρτου Ελένη , Βρατσάλης Κωνσταντίνος , Σοφός Αλιβίζος
Published: May 2024

Μιλώντας για τον Άλλο μιλάμε εν τέλει για μας· μιλώντας για παρεμβάσεις σε εκπαιδευτικά περιβάλλοντα με γλωσσική και πολιτισμική ετερογένεια μιλάμε εν τέλει για ολόκληρη την εκπαιδευτική κοινότητα και θίγουμε έτσι γενικότερα παιδαγωγικά ζητήματα. Τα άρθρα που εντάσσονται σε αυτό το τεύχος προσφέρονται για ανάγνωση διαφορετικών πλευρών αυτού του τοπίου: τοποθετημένο στον χάρτη, το τοπίο παραπέμπει κυρίως στην εκπαίδευση στην Ελλάδα (τυπική και άτυπη), ενώ τοποθετημένο στη θεωρία, το τοπίο παραπέμπει σε πολλαπλούς νοητικούς χάρτες, που σηματοδοτούνται από θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις που τέμνονται και από μερικές, κεντρικές κατηγορίες / ερμηνευτικά εργαλεία. Ως προς τους ερευνητικούς προσανατολισμούς, παρατηρούμε ένα μικτό σχήμα ποσοτικών και ποιοτικών προσεγγίσεων, όπου η ποιοτική έρευνα αναλαμβάνει να πάει σε γνωστές και νεότερες κατευθύνσεις, οι οποίες προσφέρονται για αναστοχασμό, διεύρυνση του παιδαγωγικού προσανατολισμού του σχολείου και ενσωμάτωση σε αυτό εργαλείων και μεθόδων που εφαρμόζονται αρχικά στο περιβάλλον άτυπης εκπαίδευσης.
Αξιοποιώντας το «ρίζωμα» στην κοινωνιογλωσσολογική και την εκπαιδευτική έρευνα
Authors: Κίτσιου Ρούλα
Published: May 2024

Focusing on people who experience multilevel invisibility and social inclusion, such as unaccompanied minors, literacies research often fails to map and understand the fluidity of their needs and the disruptions they experience in their everyday educational and social lives including school drop-out and radicalization phenomena. Therefore, it is important that we experiment with new ways of thinking and researching. In the present paper, drawing on multiple literacies theory, I showcase how deleuzoguattarian philosophy, and specifically the concept of the rhizome may influence sociolinguistic thought and provide new tools for literacies research. Specifically, applying rhizomic thinking, in order to re-imagine a non-formal second language literacy classroom interaction in a hosting center for unaccompanied minors, I build on the sociolinguistic concept of translanguaging space (Wei, 2018), so as to describe a becoming classroom and becoming learners through the interaction of smooth and striated space. Thereby, I point out how power relations unfold among language users and linguistic features that re-/de-/territorialize in the linguistic landscape of the becoming classroom. Based on this example, I reflect on what counts as literacy and discuss the implications of a deleuzoguattarian approach for a rhizomatic language education inspired by a sociolinguistic justice perspective, and what I call ‘rhizomatic hope’.
Υποκείμενο, Διαφορά, Ετερότητα
Authors: Δαμανάκης Μιχάλης
Published: May 2024

Im folgenden Text werden zunächst Grundbegriffe, wie Subjekt, Differenz, Diversität, dialogische Beziehung,  diskutiert und ihre analytische Kraft wird hinterfragt. Danach, ausgehend von der anthropologischen These, dass der Mensch ein vernünftiges und dialogisches Wesen ist, skizziert der Autor die anthropologischen Grundvoraussetzungen und die Menschenbilder, um anschließend  auf deren Basis die dialogische Beziehung zwischen den Subjekten zu diskutieren. Dabei wird auf divergierende Subjektbegegnungen  fokussiert und die Frage diskutiert, in wieweit  ein Konsens zwischen den Subjekten möglich und nötig sei.
Sustainability analysis for scandium recovery from secondary sources
Authors: Peppas Antonis , Politi Chrysa , Kountouris Nikolaos , Zafeiri Nafsika Angeliki , Kottaridis Sotiris
Published: May 2024

Primary aluminium industry is one of the largest industries associated with high greenhouse gas emissions. It is reported that in 2022, the aluminium production emitted nearly 270 Mt of direct CO2 in the atmosphere. To achieve the European goals of zero emissions by 2050, a reduction of 4% annually is essential. Τhe industry needs to take a turn towards less impactful production practices, focusing on the valorisation of residues for promoting sustainability. Bauxite residue from alumina production represents a remarkable source of Rare Earth Elements (REEs). This study offers valuable insights into the environmental and economic aspects of processes related to resource Scandium (Sc) extraction and processing in Greece, Romania and Turkey. In this frame, a comparative analysis of the environmental impact of the extraction process of REEs from Bauxite Residues (BR) in the regions mentioned above is presented. The results show that an up to 23% greenhouse gas emissions reduction can be achieved, while the environmental categories of human health risks, aquatic toxicity potential, and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential are improved by applying hydrothermal processes and direct leaching to BR. While the stages of Sc extraction remain consistent, variations in the chemical compositions of BR underscore the influence of local factors. The findings also emphasize the importance of tailoring extraction processes to local conditions and compositions for scandium extraction. These insights can guide industry decisions and contribute to responsible resource management in the future.
Ogólny czy celowy charakter opłaty od posiadania psów?
Authors: Majka Paweł , Brzezicki Tomasz , Wantoch-Rekowski Jacek
Published: May 2024

Opłata od posiadania psów nie ma kluczowego znaczenia dla funkcjonowania jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Opłata ma charakter ogólny i taki charakter opłaty nie jest podważany. Można jednak zastanowić się nad zmianą charakteru tej opłaty, przy pomocy prostych zabiegów legislacyjnych. Takie działanie mogłoby spowodować łatwiejsze rozwiązywanie podstawowych kwestii finansowych społeczności lokalnej. Aktualnie nie jest prowadzona dyskusja co do celu przeznaczenia opłat lokalnych i sposobów ich wydatkowania.
Immigration en France : garanties et risques des procédures administratives et judiciaires dématérialisées. Migration et e-administration en France
Authors: Mengès-Le Pape Christine
Published: May 2024

Foreigners’ rights are a major concern for French and European legislators. In France, reforms have followed one another for over twenty years, culminating in the recent “bill to control immigration and improve integration” of February 2023. The density of the French legal text has made the rules so complex that both users and prefectures are hampered by them. Under the cover of a good administration developed to remedy the regulatory labyrinth, administrative and legal procedures have been dematerialised possibly supported by algorithms and artificial intelligence. A remote digital administration service (ANEF) has been set up, and the use of video hearings to keep foreign nationals in detention has become commonplace. However, these new practices aimed at managerial efficiency run the risk of stripping the administration of its traditional values and undermining users’ rights. French case law, in particular the Council of State’s ruling of 3 June 2022, has expressed concern about these developments, which are subject to managerial logic and can only lead to a deterioration in the reception of foreign nationals.
Cyfryzacja administracji publicznej w Unii Europejskiej w świetle Berlin Declaration on Digital Society and Value-Based Digital Government, 2020
Authors: Grabowska Marta
Published: May 2024

The main aim of the paper is to analyse the content of the European Union’s Berlin Declaration on Digital Society and Value-based Digital Government, 2020, and to compare it with former ministerial declarations of the EU on e-Government. Digital transformation of public administrations in the EU is a complex issue combining competences of member states and requirements of the agile functionality of the common market. Compromises are reached usually wherewithal ministerial declarations which are unanimously voted in the Council. It is a prerogative of a member state carrying out a duty of a Presidency to propose a new ministerial declaration. In the paper former ministerial declarations on e-Government in the European Union are discusses (Riga, 2006, Malmö, 2009 and Tallinn, 2017) and compared with the Berlin declaration. The content of the last one differs from the others and emphasizes on European ethical values which European digital public administration systems should fulfill. In the research such methods as analysis of official documents, comparative and of a system analysis have been applied. A general outcome from the research is that implementation of these solutions will enrich European digital public administration systems with additional ethical dimension of an anthropocentric character. This feature will fundamentally and positively distinguish them from digital public administrative systems implemented in other parts of the world.
Włączenie cyfrowe w prawie Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Kawka Inga
Published: May 2024

The objective of the European Union as set out in Article 3 Section 3, paragraph 2 of the Treaty on European Union is to “combat social exclusion”. One form of this exclusion is digital exclusion, which means a lack of access to or ability to use information and communication technologies. It prevents EU citizens from fully participating in social, economic and cultural life. The article aims to identify solutions in EU law intended to promote digital inclusion in the European Union and thus combat social exclusion in the area of Europe’s digital transformation.
Sztuczna inteligencja w edukacji – szanse, zagrożenia, ramy prawne
Authors: Kastelik-Smaza Agnieszka
Published: May 2024

The subject of this paper is an analysis of selected issues concerning the application of artificial intelligence in education, the opportunities arising therefrom, as well as proposals for an EU legal framework in response to potential threats. Artificial intelligence systems can play an important role in the modernization of education, leading to an improvement in the quality of education and making it more accessible to the public. They can also foster social inclusion, particularly in the education of people from smaller towns, people with disabilities or otherwise being at risk of exclusion. At the same time, the use of artificial intelligence and data may have a negative impact on a number of fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Proposed regulations at the European Union level aim to address various sources of risk and guarantee a high level of protection of fundamental rights against AI systems. This is particularly served by a set of requirements for reliable artificial intelligence and proportionate obligations imposed on all participants concerned. The proposed regulations may generate a burden for schools, which will struggle to master the application of new technologies in the educational process on the one hand, and to fulfill numerous legal obligations on the other.
Cyfryzacja administracji na przykładzie projektowanych zmian w przepisach o cmentarzach i chowaniu zmarłych
Authors: Ruczkowski Piotr
Published: May 2024

The existing provisions of law on cemeteries and burial of the dead, although repeatedly amended, do not meet not only the contemporary challenges concerning political, cultural or lifestyle changes, but also appear to be archaic in view of technological transformation, especially accelerating digitalisation of social life and state administration processes. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare new legal regulations that will respond as effectively as possible to the challenges generated in the area of funeral law. In particular, many changes are to be made in the area of digitalisation. Among the proposed solutions, we should mention an electronic death card, an electronic stillbirth card, electronic processing and transfer of data to registries, the creation of central and publicly accessible databases of graves and resting places and a cemetery register.
The Access to Open Data and Re-use of Public Sector Information: The Polish Perspective
Authors: Kawczyńska Monika
Published: May 2024

This article presents legal regulations applicable in Poland regarding the reuse of public sector information and access to open data. The right to reuse public sector information is a subjective right conferred upon individuals by the European Union, which is a law that the national authorities of the member states must ensure to its full effectiveness. It was first introduced into the Polish legal order in 2011 as a marginal addition to the already existing act on the access to public information. Currently it is regulated by the elaborated Act of 11 August 2021 on open data and the reuse of public sector information, which goes beyond the minimum set of requirements provided by Directive (EU) 2019/1024. An empirical study of the application of the new act, within a year of its entry into force, was carried out for the purpose of this article. The focus of the research was the practical application of the new regulations in various public institutions, libraries, museums, archives and companies performing public tasks. The statistical research also dealt with the appeals procedure to the minister of digitalisation, who was designated as the single appeal authority for the entire national territory in disputes concerning the reuse of public sector information. In addition, the practicalities of making public sector information available on the official open data portal were assessed.
Informatyzacja administracyjnego postępowania egzekucyjnego i jej wpływ na skuteczność egzekucji administracyjnej
Authors: Nodżak Agata
Published: May 2024

The solutions concerning the computerisation of administrative enforcement proceedings and administrative enforcement have been staggered by the Polish legislator and concern individual aspects of this procedure. When characterising the scope of computerisation of administrative enforcement proceedings, it is necessary to point out, first of all, such issues as: the transfer by the creditor to the enforcement authority of motions for the initiation of administrative enforcement, enforcement titles and information referred to in Article 26 § 1e of the Administrative Enforcement Proceedings Act, the concurrence of enforcement, the performance of seizure actions, the conduct of public auctions in electronic form or the application of certain enforcement measures. These are the areas related to the conduct of administrative enforcement proceedings in which ICT solutions unquestionably prevent the lengthiness of proceedings, accelerate their course or eliminate other hitherto existing problems related to their conduct, as a result contributing to the effectiveness of these proceedings. However, ICT solutions in themselves would prove insufficient without simultaneous substantive and procedural changes, consisting in a new shape of procedural relations between the body conducting the proceedings and its participants.
Digitalization of Appeal Proceedings in Public Procurement in Poland
Authors: Sołtysińska Aleksandra
Published: May 2024

The subject of the article is the presentation of legal solutions for the use of electronic tools in appeal and complaint proceedings in public procurement in Poland. Appeal proceedings are conducted before the National Chamber of Appeals and regulated by the Public Procurement Law, while complaint proceedings, which are proceedings in the second instance, are also regulated by the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure. The effect of entrusting jurisdiction to administrative and judicial bodies is that there is some differentiation in the legal solutions used in the digitization process, as the Public Procurement Court can use instruments designed for all common courts. Nevertheless, the main direction of digitization includes the area of service and the filing of appeals, complaints and other pleadings, as well as access to case files.
Nanomateriales y gemelo digital: tecnologías de la cuarta revolución industrial y su impacto en la Armada de Colombia
Authors: Riola Rodríguez José María , Garnica López Miguel Andrés
Published: May 2024

En este capítulo se presenta la nanotecnología y el impacto de esta revolución tecnológica en la seguridad y la defensa militar aplicada en explosivos y munición, blindajes, armas de energía dirigida y contramedidas, entre otros. Ciertamente, este impacto tecnológico conlleva retos importantes, los cuales son abordados por organizaciones mundiales e instituciones militares. El capítulo presenta también cómo en Colombia la Armada Nacional se encuentra inmersa en procesos de investigación y desarrollo, asumiendo cambios con respecto a los sistemas actuales.
La realidad virtual y su aplicación al campo militar
Authors: Fierro Vitola Patricia Helena
Published: May 2024

En el presente capítulo se establecen las principales diferencias entre realidad virtual y realidad aumentada, así como su utilidad en la industria civil y militar. Por otra parte, se destacan algunos dispositivos y factores que intervienen en estas experiencias tecnológicas. Por último, se consideran las tendencias de investigación y el estado actual de estas áreas en Colombia