bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Karakteristik Fluida Mata Air Panas di Kabupaten Tanah Datar
Authors: Fajrin Muhammad , Putra Ardian
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengdentifikasi karakteristik fluida pada 6 (enam) titik mata air panas di Kabupaten Tanah Datar terkait asal usul fluida panas bumi, pengenceran fluida panas bumi dan kesetimbangan fluida panas bumi. Konsentrasi Li, B, Na, K, dan Mg pada masing-masing sampel diukur dengan menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) dan konsentrasi Cl diukur menggunakan dengan metode titrasi. Diagram segitiga Cl-Li-B menunjukkan seluruh sampel didominasi oleh Cl yang mengindikasikan bahwa mata air panas di Kabupaten Tanah Datar berasal dari sumber panas bumi dan terjadi sedikit pengenceran batuan sedimen organik. Plot diagramÂ  segitiga Na-K-Mg menunjukan seluruh sampel berada pada daerah immature water yang mengindikasikan fluida panas bumi Kabupaten Tanah Datar bercampur dengan air permukaan yang cukup banyak.Â This study aims to identify the characteristics of the fluids at 6 (six) hot springs in Tanah Datar Regency regarding the origin of geothermal fluids, dilution of geothermal fluids and equilibrium of geothermal fluids. The concentrations of Li, B, Na, K, and Mg in each sample were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Cl concentrations were measured using the titration method. Based on these results, the Cl-Li-B triangle diagram shows that all samples are dominated by Cl, which indicates that the hot springs in Tanah Datar Regency originate from geothermal sources and there is a slight dilution of organic sedimentary rocks. The plot of the Na-K-Mg triangle diagram shows that all samples are in the immature water area, which indicates that the geothermal fluid in Tanah Datar is mixed with quite a lot of surface water.
Sistem Telemetri Pendeteksi dan Identifikasi Lokasi Jatuh Lansia Berbasis Sensor Getar ADXL345
Authors: Refni Elsa , Wildian Wildian
Published: March 2022

Lanjut usia memiliki keterbatasan fisik sehingga potensi jatuh yang dialami cukup tinggi. Ketika lansia jatuh dan tidak segera mendapat pertolongan dalam jangka waktu yang cukup lama dapat mengakibatkan cacat, lumpuh hingga kematian. Penanggulangan hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan pengawasan sehingga lansia yang mengalami jatuh segera mendapat pertolongan. Pengawasan secara tidak langsung dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan smartphone. Pada penelitian ini, besaran akselerasi pada sumbu x,y z dari sensor ADXL345 digunakan untuk mengetahui besarnya percepatan dari gerakan yang dihasilkan oleh objek. Saat sensor mendeteksi nilai akselerasi mencapai nilai ambang batas sebesar z â‰¤ -0,20 yang diperoleh melalui eksperimen maka Arduino Uno akan memproses informasi tersebut sehingga koordinat lokasi jatuh dapat dikirimkan melalui SMS menggunakan modul SIM900A. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sistem memiliki keakuratan hingga 80%Â Â Eldery is people who are more than 60 years old. Eldery have a physical limitation, so that eldery have the hight risk of slipping. When eldery person slips and doesnâ€™t get help immediately get help for a long periode of time can lead to disability, paralysis to death. Overcoming this can be done by monitoring. This monitoring can help eldery get help immediately. Indirect surveilance can be done using a smartphone. On this research, amount of acceleration on x, y, z axis of ADXL345 sensor is used to determine the magnitude of acceleration of motion generated by the object. When the sensor detects the acceleration value reaches a threshold value of z â‰¤ -2,00 G which is obtained through eperiments, Arduino Uno will process the information so that the coordinates of the slips location indentified by GPS NEO-6M can be sent via SMS using the SIM900A module. The result of this research indicate the system has an accurancy of up to 80%.
Sistem Otomasi Pengisi dan Pembersih Tempat Air Minum Ayam Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno
Authors: Wardani Nelvi , Firmawati Nini
Published: March 2022

Telah dirancang sistem otomasi pengisi dan pembersih tempat air minum ayam berbasis mikrokontroler Aduino Uno. Sistem ini meggunakan sensor pH E201-C sebagai pengukur pH air minum ayam, dua pompa air mini sebagai pengisi dan penguras tempat air minum ayam, sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 untuk mendeteksi ketinggian air, dan LCD untuk menampilkan nilai pH dan jarak. Sistem ini dikontrol oleh modul mikrokontroler Arduino Uno. Hasil pengujian menunjukan ketika jarak dari sensor ke permukaan air besar dari 5 cm, maka pompa 1 hidup secara otomatis untuk mengisi tempat minum ayam. Pompa 1 mati secara otomatis ketika jarak sensor ke permukaan air pada tempat minum ayam sebesar 5 cm. Saat pH yang didapatkan 7,8 maka motor dc dan pompa 2 hidup secara otomatis untuk menguras air minum ayam. Setelah 17 s maka motor dc dan pompa 2 akan mati.
Identifikasi Potensi Likuifaksi di Kecamatan Sungai Limau Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dengan Metode Geolistrik 2D Tahanan Jenis
Authors: Monica Fadilla , Pujiastuti Dwi , Afdal Afdal
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui potensi likuifaksi di Kecamatan Sungai Limau, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Sumatera Barat. Data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder dari Loka Riset Sumber Daya dan Kerentanan Pesisir (LRSDKP) Kota Padang pada tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode geolistrik tahanan jenis 2D konfigurasi Wenner. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada dua lintasan sejajar pantai (L1&L3) dan satu lintasan tegak lurus (L2) pantai dengan panjang lintasan masing-masing 540 m, jumlah titik sounding 54 dan jarak elektroda 10 m. Pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan software AGI EarthImager 2D. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lapisan bawah permukaan terdiri dari endapan aluvial berupa pasir dan kerikil yang jenuh air, kedalaman muka air tanah cukup dangkal sekitar 1 â€“ 18 m sehingga berpotensi terjadi likuifaksi. Daerah penelitian juga telah mengalami intrusi air laut sampai sejauh 350 m dari pantai. Intrusi air laut ini membuat sedimen penyusun wilayah semakin jenuh air sehingga potensi likuifaksi lebih tinggi. L1 (lebih dekat ke pantai) memiliki potensi likuifaksi yang relatif tinggi dibandingkan dengan L3 karena kedalaman muka air tanahnya lebih dangkal dan intrusi air laut lebih luas.Â Research to determine liquefaction potential in Sungai Limau Region, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra, had been conducted. The data used are resistivity data surveyed by the Research Institute for Coastal Resources and Vulnerability (RICRV) of Padang in 2019. This study applied the Wenner 2D configuration of the resistivity geoelectric method. Data collection was carried out on two main lines, parallel to the coastline (L1 & L3) and one perpendicular to the coastline (L2) with 540 m length, 54 sounding points, and 10 m electrode distance. Data processing was performed using AGI EarthImager 2D software. The results show that the subsurface layer consists of alluvial deposits in water-saturated sand and gravel. The groundwater level's depth is relatively shallow, around 1 - 18 m indicating a liquefaction potential. The study area also undergoes seawater intrusion up to 350 m from the coastline. Seawater intrusion triggers the existence of water-saturated sediment resulting in enhanced liquefaction potential. L1 (near the coast) showed a relatively higher liquefaction potential than line L3 because of its shallow groundwater-surface, triggering the more expansive seawater intrusion.
Karakterisasi Sensor Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) dari Bahan SnO2 Didoping dengan Al2O3
Authors: Addina Nesfi , Elvaswer Elvaswer
Published: March 2022

Karakterisasi terhadap sensor gas LPG dari bahan SnO2 didoping dengan Al2O3 telah dilakukan. Sampel dibuat dengan persentase doping 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% dan 10% mol terhadap bahan dasar SnO2. Sensor gas LPG diuji pada temperatur ruang untuk mendapatkan karakteristik I-V, nilai sensitivitas, selektivitas, konduktivitas, waktu respon dan karakterisasi XRD. Berdasarkan pengukuran karakteristik I-V, sensitivitas tertinggi pada sampel 92% mol SnO2 + 8 % molÂ  Al2O3 yaitu 4,33 pada tegangan 12 volt. Nilai selektivitas tertinggi terdapat pada sampel 92% mol SnO2 + 8 % mol Al2O3 yaitu 2,67 pada tegangan 6 volt. Nilai konduktivitas tertinggi dimiliki sampel 92% mol SnO2 + 8 % mol Al2O3 yaitu 12,06 x 10-4/Î©.m pada lingkungan LPG. Waktu respon sampelÂ  92% mol SnO2 + 8 % mol Al2O3 yaitu 45 s pada tegangan 24 volt. Hasil XRD menunjukkan ukuran kristal 92% mol SnO2 + 8 % mol Al2O3 yaitu 43,67 nm lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan 100% SnO2 yaitu 57,74 nm.Â Characterization of LPG gas sensors made from material SnO2 doped with Al2O3 was performed. Samples were made with doped Percentages of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% mol of the basic ingredient SnO2. LPG gas sensors was tested at room temperature by measuring I-Vâ€™s characteristics, calculating values of sensitivity, selectivity, conductivity, response time and XRD characterization. Based on the measurement of I-V characteristics, the highest sensitivity of the sample 92% mol SnO2 + 8% mol Al2O3 is 4.33 at a voltage of 12 volts. The highest selectivity value of the sample 92% mol SnO2 + 8% mol Al2O3 is 2.67 at a voltage of 6 volts. The highest conductivity value was given a sample of 92% mol SnO2 + 8% mol Al2O3 is 12.06 x 10-4 / Î©.m in the LPG environment. The sampleâ€™s response time is 92% mol SnO2 + 8% mol Al2O3, which is 45 s at a voltage of 12 volts. The XRD results that the crystallite size of 92% mol SnO2 + 8% mol Al2O3 is 43.67 nm smaller than 100% SnO2 is 57.74 nm.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Suhu dan Ketinggian Air Secara Otomatis Pada Kandang Sapi Perah Berbasis Arduino Uno
Authors: Sari Ines Monica , Firmawati Nini
Published: March 2022

Telah dirancang bangun sistem kontrol suhu dan ketinggian air pada kandang sapi perah secara otomatis. Sistem ini berfungsi untuk mengontrol suhu kandang dan mengontrol air minum sapi perah secara otomatis berdasarkan suhu dan ketinggian air pada wadah di kandang sapi perah yang telah diatur pada program. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan mengukur suhu dan ketinggian air yang terdeteksi oleh sensor DHT22 dan sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 kemudian diteruskan ke mikrokontroler. Saat suhu yang didapat < 17ÂºC maka lampu hidup secara otomatis yang menghasilkan panas untuk meningkatkan suhu kandang sapi perah. Jika suhu > 21ÂºC maka kipas angin hidup secara otomatis untuk menurunkan suhu kandang sapi perah. Sedangkan ketika ketinggian air di dalam wadah 5 cm dari dasar wadah, maka pompa air akan hidup secara otomatis untuk mengisi wadah air. Pompa air akan mati secara otomatis ketika jarak permukaan air pada wadah 7 cm dari sensor. Sistem terdiri dari sensor DHT22 sebagai pengukur suhu, tiga buah relai sebagai saklar, pompa air mini untuk mengalirkan air ke wadah, sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 untuk mendeteksi ketinggian air, dan LCD untuk menampilkan nilai suhu dan jarak. Sistem ini dikontrol oleh modul Arduino Uno.Â A water level control system has been designed in an automatic dairy cattle. This systems control. This system functions to control the temperature of the cattle and control the dringking water of dairy cows automatically based on the temperature and height of the water in the container in the dairy cage that has been set in the program. The method used in this study is to measure the temperature and water level detected by the DHT22 sensor and the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and then forwarded to the microcontroller. When the temperature is < 17ÂºC, the lamp turns on automatically which generates heat to increase the temperature of dairy cattle. If the temperature > 21ÂºC, the fan turns on automatically to reduce the temperature of the dairy cattle. Meanwhile, when the water level in the container is 5 cm from the bottom of the container, the water pump will start automatically to fill the water container. The water pump will automatically shut down when the water level on the container is 7 cm from the sensor. The system consists of a DHT22 sensor as a temperature gauge, three relays as a switch, a mini water pump to drain water to the container, an ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 to detect water levels and an LCD to display temperature and distance values. This system is controlled by the Arduino Uno module.Â
Abwasserbehandlung und Lösungsmittel-Rückgewinnung im Rahmen der Chemieingenieur-Ausbildung
Authors: Wiskamp Volker , Bauer Ralf , Kunz Pia , Nink Jörg , Nintschew Alexander , Rohrer Dieter , Sunur Augustinus
Published: March 2022

It should be a goal of chemical education to make students meet aspects of environmental protection in the lab courses. Students at the Fachhochschule Darmstadt learn to treat waste water by methods of precipitation, ion exchange, charcoal adsorption, etc. and recycle organic
solvents. The amount of waste can be reduced significantly. Traditional goals of education remain intact. Furthermore, students become aware of the urgent necessity of and the important role of chemistry in environmental protection.
Dreiphasendampftensiometrie (Salzbullioskopie IV): Neue Apparatur und Anwendung
Authors: Magyar Balazs
Published: March 2022

A new apparatus for measuring the steady-state temperatur difference between two saturated solutions of the inert salt, one of them contining a foreign substance, is discribed. The three phases are, the vapour of the solvent, a saturated solution of a supporting (inert) salts, and the
solid phase of the inert salt. The mixtures are kept on the top of temperature sensors and are first separated off from each other and the common atmosphere of the measuring cell using a specially formed lid. After balancing of the Wheatstone bridge, the lid is lifted and the establishing
of the temperature difference is recorded using the increasing bridge potential difference ?U, which is proportional to the total concentration of all foreign species. All dissolved ions and molecules are to be considered as foreign species expect the ions of the inert salts.
Three Phase Vapour Tensiometry (TPVT) was successfully used to detect binuclear species formed in the titration of diaqua-Cr(III) complexes with ethyltrimethylammonium hydroxide in saturated solution of ethyltrimethylammonium perchlorate. TPVT titrations of lanthanum nitrate with water in
acetone saturated with lithium nitrate and tetraheptylammonium nitrate, respectively, gave a hydration number of 9 for La(III).
Characterization of Low Temperature Soluble Polyaniline
Authors: Michaelson Jeff C. , McEvoy Augustin J. , Shimidzu Takeo
Published: March 2022

Because the charging of polyaniline films occurs in the bulk of the material rather than exclusively at the polymer-electrolyte interface, the use of thick polymer films for battery applications is justifiable. Here, we present a method for producing soluble polyaniline which can be
cast to form free-standing films. Investigation by scanning electron microsopy (SEM) has shown that these films are significantly more compact than those made by standard electropolymerization.
Finite element modeling of multiphase flows with their balancing while setting the working pressure on wells during oil production
Authors: Овчинникова А.С. , Патрушев И.И. , Гриф А.М. , Персова М.Г. , Соловейчик Ю.Г.
Published: March 2022

Рассмотрены подходы к моделированию многофазных потоков в нефтяном коллекторе при фиксировании рабочего давления на зонах перфорации активных скважин. Предложенный численный метод основан на неявном расчете давления и явном пересчете насыщенностей фаз в ячейках сетки на каждом временн´ом шаге. Представлено описание математической модели, общей вычислительной схемы, конечноэлементной аппроксимации поля давления. Для сохранения консервативности потоков смеси используется специальный метод балансировки, приводится его алгоритм. Проведены исследования на задаче сравнительного проекта SPE-10, для которой расчет потоков на зонах перфорации скважин при фиксированном давлении выполнялся с использованием двух подходов.

Approaches to modeling multiphase flow in oil reservoir while setting the working pressure for the perforation zones of active wells are considered. The proposed numerical method is based on an implicit calculation of the pressure and an explicit recalculation of the phase saturations in the mesh cells at each time step. Description of the mathematical model, general computational scheme, finite element approximation of the pressure field are presented. To ensure conservation of the mixture flows, special method of balancing is used, and its algorithm is presented. The studies were carried out on the problem of the comparative project SPE-10, for which the calculation of flows for the perforated zones of wells with a set pressure was carried out using two approaches.
Computing topological indices of certain windmill graphs
Authors: V Patil Prashant , V Rahul Munavalli
Published: March 2022

Let V (G), be the vertex set of graph G, we define Vd = {v ∈ V (G) : SG(u) = d} in which SG(u) = ∑v∈NG(u) dG(v) and NG(u) = {v ∈ V(G) : uv ∈ E(G)}. In this paper we express the explicit formula for Sanskruti index S(G), fth M1 and M2 Zagreb indices, fifth M1 and M2 multiplicative Zagreb indices for Dutch windmill graph, Kulli cyclic windmill graph, Kulli path windmill graph and French windmill graph.
PLOT GENERATOR AS DIGITAL TOOL IN ASSISTING THE TEACHER IN WRITING ACTIVITY
Authors: Yanti Irma , Amaluddin Amaluddin , Hajar Siti
Published: March 2022

This research aims to know how Plot Generator in assisting the teacher in a writing activity.This research used survey research design with quantitative method. Three English teachers participated as subjects of the research in senior high education in BARRU. The steps of collecting data were conducted by observation and questionnaire, The observation was conducted by distributed questionnaires to guide data as prior knowledge before conducting research. Questionnaire as the instrument of the research to gain the information related plot generator in assisting teacher in writing activity. The data were analyzed by using Likert Scale that presented by quantitative data. The results of this study indicate that Plot Generator assists the teacher in a writing activity by assist of function, source and content that is presented by teachers’ perception toward Plot Generator.
EFL STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCES OF WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN EXTRAMURAL DIGITAL CONTEXT
Authors: Amira Halyasmina , Kusrin Kusrin , Ahmad Yousef Bani
Published: March 2022

This study investigate the positive relationship between extramural digital activities and EFL students’ willingness to communicate. Extramural digital context is learning English outside the classroom without teachers’ involvement. It encourages EFL students to feel more comfortable in L2 willingness to communicate. Furthermore, this research investigated students’ experiences and factors that may influence EFL students’ willingness to communicate towards extramural digital context using qualitative research, specifically case study as the research design. The researcher collected the data from six EFL students from several universities in Indonesia with four female and two male using semi-structured interview and questionnaires. The interviews data were analyzed by using thematic analysis and using descriptive statistics analysis for the questionnaires. The findings showed that the convenience of extramural digital context and students’ self-confidence indicate as the factors that influence students’ willingness to communicate using English. Additionally, based on students’ experiences of using extramural digital context, listening to music is considered as the most frequently used by students. This research contribute to gain deep understanding about L2 willingness to communicate and extramural digital context. In pedagogical insight, this research help English teacher to facilitate EFL students in extramural digital context to increase students’ willingness to communicate.
ENGLISH TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON USING DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE CLASSROOM
Authors: Hadianti Siti , Rohmah Dewi Wardah Mazidatur
Published: March 2022

In the digital era, the application of technology for classroom learning is urgently needed. Teachers are greatly helped by the availability of various digital tools because it can be used to support the students’ learning process. Teacher’s behavior and trust are important factors in determining the role and effectiveness of technology use in the classroom. However, with all the advantages and conveniences offered by digital tools, there are still challenges that must be faced by the teachers. This study aims to find out the perception of English teachers towards the use of digital tools in teaching English. The participants were English Education students at Universitas Terbuka who enrolled the Teaching English as Foreign Language (TEFL) courses. The method used in this research is qualitative and the data is collected by using questionnaire. This research is expected to provide recommendations on the development of teaching methods and teaching materials related to the digital tools.
GAMES IN WRITING SKILL OF EFL LEARNERS: DO THEY GIVE ANY IMPACT?
Authors: Zaitun Zaitun , Hadi Muhamad Sofian , Rosydiyanti Dian
Published: March 2022

This research aimed to find out whether or not games affected the ability of EFL learners’ descriptive text writing skill. The research was conducted at SMP AN-NURMANIYAH, Tangerang. There were 39 students of 7th grade participated in this study as the sample chosen through cluster random sampling. The study applied quantitative method with pre-experimental research design and used both pre-test and post-test as the instruments in collecting the data. The data was analyzed statistically by using t-test. The result of this study showed; mean of students’ pre-test was 54.8 while mean score of their post-test was 82.5. The statistical calculation revealed that the result of t-calculation (tcal) t-table (tt), in which tcal obtained was 7.414 while tt was 2.042 with the significant level of 5% (0.05). Thus, the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted while the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. Referring to these results, this research study concluded that games gave significant effect to the skill of 7th graders’ descriptive text writing.
ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES IN THE ENGLISH SUBTITLE OF THE MOVIE "KETIKA CINTA BERTASBIH 1"
Authors: Afandi Mujad Didien , Authar Nailul
Published: March 2022

A mistake in translating a single word may cause thousands of deaths. An unimaginable fact that mistranslation cost 80.000 lives in Japan in August 1945 proves that translating a text should be taken into consideration and done carefully. Translating a source language (SL) into a target language (TL) is problematic and not as simple as only transposing SL into TL because this activity closely relates to different cultures. Therefore, this study is aimed at analyzing the translation techniques in the English subtitle of the movie “Ketika Cinta Bertasbih 1”. This qualitative study focuses on Molina and Albir’s translation techniques used in the English movie subtitle. The primary data were collected from the dialogs and the English subtitle and selected based on the translation problems. Furthermore, the data were analyzed and interpreted descriptively to identify and explain why and how the translation techniques are used in the English subtitle. This study found that five translation techniques were used to translate the dialogs in bahasa Indonesia (SL) into English subtitle (TL). In the subtitle, this study found the use of adaptation (10 times), transposition (9 times), borrowing (7 times), generalization (3 times) and compensation (once). Those techniques were applied to solve problems in translation, such as cultural differences, in equivalence, untranslatability, and grammatical differences. This study concludes that the techniques proposed by Molina and Albir in 2002 have been a great contribution in the field of translation. The cultural problems which lead to in equivalence and untranslatability, as well as grammatical differences are no longer problematic to translators.
Utilization of κ-carrageenan as stabilizer and thickener of honey pineapple
(Ananas comosus [L. Merr]) jam
Authors: Amin P. , Riyadi P.H. , Kurniasih R.A. , Husni A.
Published: March 2022

Honey pineapple jam is an intermediate moisture food that often has low stability; hence it
is not strong enough to hold the fruit tissue sugar in position during storage. Therefore, it
is necessary to add hydrocolloid in fruit jam processing to increase stability and
consistency, one of which is κ-carrageenan. The purpose of this study was to determine
the effect of adding κ-carrageenan towards stability and preference for honey pineapple
jam. The κ-carrageenan concentrations used were 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% (w/w) of total
ingredients. The ratio of honey pineapple pulp and sugar was 4:1 (w/w). The results
showed that the addition of κ-carrageenan had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the hedonic
evaluation of colour, smearing ability, and texture; moisture content, water activity (Aw),
syneresis and texture (hardness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness). The addition of κcarrageenan had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the hedonic evaluation (preference) of
aroma and taste. Increasing the κ-carrageenan concentration can increase the hedonic
value for colour and decrease the hedonic value for smearing ability and texture.
Increasing the concentration of κ-carrageenan can also increase the value of hardness and
cohesiveness but decrease water activity, syneresis, and adhesiveness. The addition of κcarrageenan 0.5% was more efficient in shortening the cooking time until 25%, inhibiting
syneresis by 30%, and improving the colour of honey pineapple jam.
Comparative study on chemical and emulsion properties of 'Saba' banana
[Musa acuminata x balbisiana (BBB group) 'Saba'] peel pectin from different
extraction methods
Authors: Estribillo A.G.M. , Rivadeneira J.P. , Gaban P.J.V. , Castillo-Israel K.A.T.
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical characteristics and emulsion
properties of pectin from 'Saba' banana peel extracted using three different methods,
namely, acid extraction using citric acid, enzymatic extraction using cellulase, and
microwave-assisted extraction. Per cent yield, moisture and ash contents, equivalent
weights, methyl and anhydrouronic acid contents, and the degree of esterifications were
determined for each pectin extracted using the three different methods. Characterization of
the extracted pectin revealed that all 'Saba' peel pectins (SBPs) had a high degree of
esterification. Furthermore, acid-extracted pectin (AP) had the highest yield of 20.02%
and had the highest purity, as indicated by the lowest ash content and equivalent weight
(784.57), and highest anhydrouronic acid content (50.85%) compared to enzymatic (EP)
and microwave-assisted extraction (MP). Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed
smoother images of AP, which indicated that AP was more degraded compared to milder
extraction methods, such as microwave-assisted extraction which yielded the least
degraded pectin. Furthermore, emulsion formation and stability using SBPs were
determined by measuring cream fraction. Results showed that all SBPs had cream
fractions comparable to the control, and there was no difference among extraction
methods. Microscopic observations (10×) showed that oil droplet size decreases with
increasing concentration. Further, AP had smaller droplets, indicating that AP is capable
of forming more stable emulsions compared to EP and MP. Results of this investigation
revealed that, although all SBPs were highly esterified, the three extraction methods
yielded pectins with different characteristics and purity.
Students’ perception, knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards halal food
products in Malaysia
Authors: Azlan A. , Zalbahar N. , Sultana S. , Daud S.M.M. , Yuniastuti A.
Published: March 2022

The perception, knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of Muslims are important in
determining their purchasing behaviour of halal food products. This study exclusively
focused on the purchasing behaviour of young Muslim university students who live
independently and hold their purchasing power. The main objective of this study is to
investigate the perception, knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of university students
towards halal food products in Malaysia. This study has adopted the framework based on
Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) that hypothesized three determinants of
behavioural intention; attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control with
the addition of two other variables; religiosity and ambience. This study has found that all
the TPB determinants attitude (r = 0.187, p<0.05), subjective norms (r = 0.266, p<0.01),
perceived behavioural control (r = 0.336, p<0.01) including the other two additional;
religiosity (r = 0.245, p<0.245) and ambience (r = 0.254, p<0.01) were positively and
significantly associated with purchasing intention of halal food products among the
students. This study also revealed that families and media play an important role in
introducing halal food products to these young consumers. Therefore, it was suggested
that the authorities create a positive social norm on halal products among society
Farmer’s Perceptions on Market and Climate Risks: Adaptive Behavior in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Dilshad , Shabbir Mah Rukh , Shah Salyha Zulfiqar Ali
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Rural communities particularly in developing countries are consecutively facing losses of income and crops production due to dynamics of the market and climatic risks. The specific objective of this research is to investigate farmers’ perceptions of market and climate risks and their adaptive behavior in Punjab, Pakistan.

Methodology: A multistage random sampling approach was used for collecting the data of 480 household respondents from climate-based categorized three districts of Punjab, Pakistan.

Findings: For empirical correlation of risk perception of farmers with combined risks and adaptive behavior, this study used two Logit models. Estimates indicated as risk perception of the farmers market and climate change significantly affected their adoption behavior such as fall in agriculture products prices and drought while an increase in floods, rainfall and hail storms. Logit model explanatory capacity was improved by including demographic factors in the model. Large farms household heads were unwilling whereas well-educated and male farmers were more enthusiastic to take measures for avoidance of risks. In averting the climate risks, the majority of farmers adopted scheduled adjustment and crop varieties as adaptive measures in the study area.

Policy Implications: For motivating farmers to adapt and risk management measures there is a need for adequate provision of financial support through formal institutions on the subsidized rate of interest in these study areas.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de lesiones benignas y malignas del colon
Authors: Alvarado Cedeño Jonathan David , Chamorro Bedoya Olga Ivanova , Pillasagua Pico Dalton Vladimir , Narea Kaviedes Boris Efraín
Published: March 2022

Las lesiones gastrointestinales pueden ser benignas o malignas, su enfoque de abordaje va a depender de en qué estadio, esta se encuentre, destacándose el cáncer colorrectal como factor maligno en edades avanzadas y predominantemente en el sexo masculino con pronósticos de vida a 5 años, luego del tratamiento, en el caso de los factores benignos la diverticulitis es una de las lesiones o afecciones a tener siempre en vigilancia ya que se puede complicar y cambiar su abordaje. La metodología utilizada para el presente trabajo de investigación, se enfoca hacia una metodología orientada hacia la necesidad de indagar en forma precisa y coherente una situación. Enmarcada dentro de una revisión bibliográfica de tipo documental, ya que nos vamos a ocupar de temas planteados a nivel teórico como es Tratamiento quirúrgico de lesiones benignas y malignas del colon. La técnica para la recolección de datos está constituida por materiales impresos, audiovisuales y electrónicos, estos últimos como Google Académico, PubMed, entre otros. La información aquí obtenida será revisada para su posterior análisis. Los tratamientos quirúrgicos para las lesiones benignas del colon son básicamente de manejo farmacológico y ambulatoria, salvo en las excepciones en que estas lesiones se compliquen y sea necesario cambiarle el enfoque al quirúrgico, como la enfermedad diverticular complicada. En cuanto a las lesiones malignas, se destaca el cáncer de colon y colorrectal, que están estrechamente vinculados a un enfoque quirúrgico con procedimientos que dependiendo del caso pueden ser: Hemicolectomía derecha, Proctosigmoidectomía, Resección anterior del recto, Sigmoidectomía, Colostomía derivativa, Hemicolectomía izquierda, Colectomía total, Ileostomía derivativa, Resección abdominoperineal, Cierre de estoma, Resección de colon transverso, entre otros.
Spatial Working Memory Counts: Evidence for a Specific Association Between Visuo-spatial Working Memory and Arithmetic in Children
Authors: Allen Lucy , Dowker Ann
Published: March 2022

We examined the role of visuo-spatial working memory in different types of arithmetic ability in children. Previous research had suggested that arithmetic is not a single entity (Dowker, 2005, 2015), and also that visuo-spatial working memory is specifically involved in mathematical cognition (McKenzie et al., 2003) There has, however, been little research on the relationships between visuo-spatial working memory and different types of arithmetic. We tested 39 children in Year 2 (6 to 7 years) and Year 4 (8 to 9 years), taking measures of written arithmetic, mental oral arithmetic, and derived fact strategy use (the ability to derive unknown arithmetical facts from known facts, by using arithmetical principles). We also measured visuo-spatial working memory, verbal comprehension, and spelling ability. We investigated the relationships between visuo-spatial working memory and our three arithmetic measures, as well as spelling and verbal comprehension, to test whether these effects were specific to mathematical abilities. We found that visuo-spatial working memory was specifically associated with both verbal oral and mental written arithmetic, and but not with spelling or derived fact strategy use.
Math Learning in Grade-4 and 5: What Can We Learn Form The Opportunity-Propensity Model
Authors: Desoete Annemie , Baten Elke
Published: March 2022

Several factors seem important to understand the nature of mathematical learning. Byrnes and Miller combined these factors into the Opportunity-Propensity model. In this study the model was used to predict the number-processing factor and the arithmetic fluency in grade 4 (n = 195) and grade 5 (n = 213). Gender, intelligence and affect (positive affect for arithmetic fluency and negative affect for calculation accuracy) predicted math learning, and pointed to the importance of the propensity factors. We have to be careful not to interpret gender differences, since this is a social construct, our analyses pointed to the relevance of including antecedent factors in the model as well . The Implications of the study for math learning will be discussed below.
Elementary Students Exploration of the Structure of a Word Problem Using Representations
Authors: Lee Ji-Eun , Hwang Sunghwan
Published: March 2022

Word problems are frequently used in school mathematics to offer students the opportunity to explore mathematical relationships and structure. However, previous studies have reported that word problems are misused or abused in ways that overlook the original intent of exploring mathematical structure and relationship. This study aims to share a series of a small group of third-grade students’ explorations while debating the mathematical relationships in solving a word problem with representations over several days. Although the exploration took longer than planned, it was worthwhile. It offered students a space to express confusion, showcase their knowledge, test conjectures, and imagine alternative contexts. Ultimately, these explorations helped students recognize multiple relationships within the context of specific problems while bringing their attention to real-world related applications. The retrospective analysis of class episodes offers insight into learning opportunities to support students in exploring mathematical structure and relationships while discussing and debating the word problem context.
Investigation of the Relationship between Academic Competencies and Social Information Processing of 60–72 Month-Old Children
Authors: Şenol Fatma Betül
Published: March 2022

Starting from the preschool period, children need to grow up as individuals with high academic skills, academic enablers and respond positively to their social situations. Academic skills and academic enablers together constitute academic competence. The positive reaction of children to the problems they face constitutes social information processing. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the academic competencies of 60–72-month-old children and their social information processing. The study was designed with the relational survey method. The study group consisted of 132 children aged 60–72 months with normal development who attend preschool education. The data collection tools of the study are as follows: Personal Information Form, The Social Information Processing Interview–Preschool Version, and Teacher Rating Scales of Early Academic Competence. Spearman's rank-order correlation test was used to evaluate the relationship between the scales. The findings of the study revealed that there is a relationship between the interpretation of cues and response decision, which are subdimensions of the social information processing model, academic skills (numeracy, early literacy, thinking skills, and comprehension) and academic enablers (social-emotional competence, approaches to learning, and communication).
How Do We Learn Mathematics A Framework for a Theoretical and Practical Model
Authors: Olkun Sinan
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this paper is to propose an effective learning environment for the initial stages of mathematical learning. Basic numerical skills and the objects and actions that trigger those skills are conceptualized as a mathematics-learning environment. We discuss numerical learning mechanism and the basic skills and environments we use to learn numbers briefly within the human cognition system. The three subsystems of number, i.e., exact number system, approximate number system and access to symbol system, are explained with reference to basic number competencies. They are discussed within the framework of "number sense” by drawing evidences from the neuroscience and mathematics education literature. Finally, how to manipulate the components of these subsystems for an effective learning of number is exemplified in a proposed model of mathematical learning environment.
Examination of Home-Based Number and Operation Training Program on Early Mathematics Ability and Mother-Child Relationship
Authors: Akıncı-Coşgun Ayşegül , Tezel-Şahin Fatma
Published: March 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of the "Number and Operation Training Program" on early mathematics ability and mother-child relationship at home. In an experimental design, pre-test, post-test, permanence test were used with control groups. A total of 21 children and their mothers participated in the research; consisting of 13 children in the experimental group and 8 children in the control group in the Aksaray province (in Turkey). Personal Information Form, Early Mathematics Ability Test-3, Child-Parent Relationship Scale and Mother Interview Form were used as data collection tools. The training program had been implemented for 13 weeks prior to the data collection. The study found that the training program increased children's scores on early mathematics ability and the positive relationship with their mothers. Mothers stated that the most important contributions of the training program to their children were "recognizing numbers, learning numbers, learning geometric shapes, knowing the total number of objects displayed in the group, learning new games and playing games with family members". They also stated that the most important gains for them were “better relationship and quality time with their children and increased use of mathematics in daily life”.
Predicting Mathematical Learning Difficulties Status: The Role of Domain-Specific and Domain-General Skills
Authors: Mononen Riikka , Niemivirta Markku , Korhonen Johan
Published: March 2022

This study investigated which domain-specific and domain-general skills measured at grade 1 predict mathematical learning difficulties (MLD) status at grade 3. We used different cut-off criteria and measures of mathematics performance for defining the MLD status. Norwegian children’s (N = 206) numeracy, cognitive, and language skills were measured at grade 1 and arithmetic fluency and curriculum-based mathematics (CBM) at grade 3. Logistic regression analyses showed that symbolic numerical magnitude processing, verbal counting, and rapid automatized naming predicted MLD25 status (performance ≤ 25th percentile) based on arithmetic fluency, whereas verbal counting skills and nonverbal reasoning predicted the status based on CBM.
The same predictors were found for MLD10 status (performance ≤ 10th percentile), and in addition, rapid automatized naming also predicted the status based on CBM. Only symbolic numerical magnitude processing and verbal counting predicted LOW status (performance between 11–25th percentile) based on arithmetic fluency, whereas nonverbal reasoning and working memory predicted LOW status based on CBM. Different cut-off scores and mathematics measures used for the definition of MLD status are important to acknowledge, as these seem to lead to relatively significant variation in which students are identified as having MLD and which factors contribute to the MLD status.
Zero – an Uncommon Number: Preschoolers‘ Conceptual Understanding of Zero
Authors: Hartmann Julia , Herzog Moritz , Fritz Annemarie
Published: March 2022

The conceptual development of natural number in preschoolers is well-researched. However, less is known about the conceptual development of zero. Recent studies suggest that children develop an understanding of zero after learning to count. It remains unclear, when a conceptual understanding of “zero” as number word for an empty set emerges. This paper integrates numerical and language theories about how, where and when the concept of zero is formed and is integrated into the class of natural numbers. The counting skills of 107 preschoolers were assessed for the number range between zero and eight as well as for their ordinal understanding of zero. The results show that compared to the natural numbers, zero was substantially more difficult. Children are able to list zero in a number word sequence (0, 1, 2, 3 .... or 3, 2, 1, 0), but were unable to describe a set as having zero numbers. This latter conception contradicts findings regarding natural numbers, in that an empty set is counter intuitive. Zero could be correctly placed when consecutive order was required, but addition and subtraction by counting was more difficult. The results suggest that the conceptual development of zero differs qualitatively from the natural numbers. Based on the results, the ordinal understanding of zero as a predecessor to one, together with its matching linguistic concepts is proposed to be the key to the conceptual development of zero.
Statistics Anxiety in Flanders: Exploring Its Level, Antecedents, and Performance Impact Across Professional and Academic Bachelor Programs in Psychology
Authors: van Dijck Jean-Philippe , Abrahamse Elger , Kesteloot Steffi , Willems Rebecca , Fias Wim
Published: March 2022

The current study focusses on the level of statistics anxiety and the motivation to learn statistics in Flanders (Belgium) and determined to what degree these factors and their interaction relates to statistical performance. For this purpose, the Statistics Anxiety Scale and the Statistics Motivation Scale were translated, validated, and administered in professional and academic bachelor students in psychology. The level of SA in Flanders is comparable to other countries, with professional bachelor students being more anxious to make interpretations compared to academic bachelor students, who in turn are more anxious to ask for help. Academic students are more motivated to learn statistics compared the professional bachelor students, mostly in terms of intrinsic motivation. The overall motivation to learn statistics is lower at the end of the semester compared to the beginning of the semester. This is unfortunate, because we observed that high levels of motivation can alleviate the negative impact of statistics anxiety on statistical performance, especially when controlling for general learning abilities.
Spatiotemporal distribution of the climatological fronts over Europe in the modern climate period
Authors: Semenova Inna , Sumak Katsiaryna
Published: March 2022

The geographical position of the Arctic front and two branches of the Polar front over Europe was determined during the period 1995–2015 using calculated grid fields of the thermal frontal parameter in the troposphere layer of 850–700 hPa. It was revealed that the geographical position of climatological fronts changed both in the cold and warm periods of the year in comparison with climate data. The most recent standard reference period of 1961–1990 recommended by WMO (WMO, 2017) was used for comparison. It is shown that in January there was a shift of the northern and southern branches of the Polar front to the north compared to the reference climate period, and in July the convergence of both branches of the Polar front in the middle latitudes was observed. The Arctic front was characterized by a northern location compared to the climate in both January and July. It is revealed that the main areas of frontogenesis in the cold period of the year were the sea surface, namely, the southern regions of the Norwegian Sea, the central part of the Baltic Sea, and the western half of the Mediterranean Sea. In the summer, more active atmospheric fronts were over the continent in the area of the mountain systems such as the south of the Scandinavian mountains, the north of the Alps and Pyrenees, the Urals, and the lower Volga region. The Arctic front intensified over the Barents and Norwegian Seas in all seasons of the year.
Cloudiness and cloud genera variability at the turn of the 21st century in Poznań (Poland)
Authors: Szyga-Pluta Katarzyna
Published: March 2022

The aim of this article was to investigate the effect of macroscale circulation types on total cloud cover in Poznań-Ławica (western Poland) in years 1951–2015. The analysis was preceded by the characteristics of the long-term, annual, and seasonal changes in total cloud cover and cloud genera (data regarding observations of cloud genera covered the period of 1971–2015). The effect of six macroscale circulation types (Arctic oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, East Atlantic, East Atlantic/West Russian, Scandinavian, and Polar/Eurasian Types) on the total cloud cover was examined. The amount of cloud cover in Poznań was influenced by the macroscale circulation types, mainly in the warm part of the year. The North Atlantic Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation and Scandinavian types had the strongest impact there.