bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation and evaluation of a juvenile mental health training for law enforcement in a medium‐sized jurisdiction
Authors: Brady Caitlin M. , Childs Kristina K.
Published: January 2022

The need for specialized training programs that are focused on youth mental health needs, awareness of community‐based services, and de‐escalation skills is growing across law enforcement agencies due to calls for service that involve youth in mental health crisis. The current study evaluates a juvenile mental health training for law enforcement that was developed based on agency needs. The training was completed by 159 officers and a pre‐/post‐test design was used. Findings suggest that officers were satisfied with the training and improvements were seen across several training constructs (confidence, preparedness, stigma, resource awareness, and de‐escalation skills). Satisfaction with the training predicted change in confidence and preparedness. Recommendations for future research and the implementation of juvenile mental health trainings are discussed.
Suicidal ideation in offenders convicted of child sexual exploitation material offences
Authors: Steel Chad M. S. , Newman Emily , O’Rourke Suzanne , Quayle Ethel
Published: January 2022

Understanding the prevalence of suicidal ideation in Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) offenders and their psychological concerns provides the basis for early treatment and intervention. This research solicited responses (n = 78) via an anonymous, web‐based survey from adults in the United States previously convicted of CSEM offences. Significant suicidal ideation was present in 73% of respondents (n = 57), and 19% (n = 15) reported attempting suicide after they were made aware of an investigation, with 41% (n = 32) stating they would have been likely to seek counselling if provided a contact. Most of the respondents felt they were not treated with fairness, understanding, and compassion by investigators, and that their primary psychological strains were going to jail and their families finding out. This research highlights the need for more empathetic investigative approaches, as well as the need for more rapid assessment and treatment of proximal suicide risk in this population.
A B‐Raf V600E gene signature for melanoma predicts prognosis and reveals sensitivity to targeted therapies
Authors: Yao Kevin , Zhou Emily , Cheng Chao
Published: January 2022

Background

B‐Raf V600E mutations account for about half of all skin cutaneous melanoma cases, and patients with this mutation are sensitive to BRAF inhibitors. However, aberrations in other genes in the MAPK/ERK pathway may cascade a similar effect as B‐Raf V600E mutations, rendering those patients sensitive to BRAF inhibitors. We rationalized that defining a signature based on B‐Raf pathway activity may be more informative for prognosis and drug sensitivity prediction than a binary indicator such as mutation status.

Methods

In this study, we defined a B‐Raf signature score using RNA‐seq data from TCGA. A higher score is shown to not only predict B‐Raf mutation status, but also predict other aberrations that could similarly activate the MAPK/ERK pathway, such as B‐Raf amplification, RAS mutation, and EGFR amplification.

Results

We showed that patients dichotomized by the median B‐Raf score is more significantly stratified than by other metrics of measuring B‐Raf aberration, such as mutation status, gene expression, and protein expression. We also demonstrated that high B‐Raf score predicts higher sensitivity to B‐Raf inhibitors SB590885 and PLX4720, as expected, but also correlated with sensitivity to drugs targeting other relevant oncogenic pathways.

Conclusion

The BRAF signature may better help guide targeted therapy for melanoma, and such a framework can be applied to other cancers and mutations to provide more information than mutation status alone.
Glycan signatures for the identification of cisplatin‐resistant testicular cancer cell lines: Specific glycoprofiling of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Authors: Hires Michal , Jane Eduard , Kalavska Katarina , Chovanec Michal , Mego Michal , Kasak Peter , Bertok Tomas , Tkac Jan
Published: January 2022

Background

Testicular cancer (TC) is the most frequent type of cancer among young men aged between 15 and 34 years. TC is treated using cisplatin, but 3%–5% of TC patients fail to respond to cisplatin, with a very bad to fatal prognosis. Accordingly, it is most important to quickly and readily identify those TC patients who are resistant to cisplatin treatment.

Methods

This study seeks to investigate changes in the glycosylation associated with cisplatin resistance to TC cell lines.

Results

A specific glycoprofiling of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was analysed in three TC cell lines and one cell line of female origin. A typical calibration curve for hCG glycoprofiling showed a dynamic range up to 50 ng/ml, with a limit of detection of 0.3 ng/ml and assay reproducibility represented by relative standard deviation of 3.0%. Changes in the glycan signatures on hCG were analysed in cisplatin‐sensitive cell lines and in their cisplatin‐resistant sub‐lines using an enzyme‐linked lectin assay (ELLA) protocol. An immobilised antibody was applied to a selective capture of hCG from a cytoplasmic fraction of cell lysates with final incubation using a lectin from a panel of 17 lectins.

Conclusion

The results suggest that one particular lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) can selectively discriminate sensitive TC cell lines from resistant TC cell lines. Moreover, there are additional lectins which can provide useful information about the strength of cisplatin resistance.
Therapists’ experience of climate change: A dialectic between personal and professional
Authors: Silva Jules F. B. , Coburn Jennifer
Published: January 2022

Background

Humankind is facing extraordinary existential uncertainties. Therapists are mobilised with urgency in response to the emotional and psychological needs of clients at the onset of the COVID‐19 global pandemic. At the same time, individuals and communities have been and are ever‐increasingly impacted by the seemingly inexorable climate and biodiversity crisis, yet the response of the profession is negligible.

Objective

To explore therapists’ experiences of climate change, particularly the dialectic between the ‘personal’ and the ‘professional’ and its implications for professional practice.

Method

Eight therapists participated in semi‐structured, qualitative interviews. Verbatim transcripts and emergent themes were then subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) using a pluralistic theoretical frame including existential, psychoanalytic and psychosocial thinking.

Results

It was found that therapists’ personal experiences of climate change were complex and profound, as were their clients'. Therapists’ sense of feeling ill‐equipped to support clients in the climate crisis was indicated.

Conclusion

Findings suggest it is imperative that professional bodies and training institutions provide leadership and guidance to therapists that enables them to support clients, and themselves, facing potentially dire climate crisis realities. The present study points to a need for professional practice and the work with clients ‘in the room’, therapeutically, to incorporate attention to existential concerns and unconscious processes, by necessity underpinned by therapists’ self‐awareness of their own processes existing in parallel with the clients'. This study also strongly indicated the need to conceptualise clients and therapy itself within social, economic, cultural and political contexts.
Selective Disruption of Survivin's Protein‐Protein Interactions: A Supramolecular Approach Based on Guanidiniocarbonylpyrrole
Authors: Aschmann Dennis , Vallet Cecilia , Tripathi Sunil K. , Ruiz‐Blanco Yasser B. , Brabender Max , Schmuck Carsten , Sanchez‐Garcia Elsa , Knauer Shirley K. , Giese Michael
Published: January 2022

Targeting specific protein binding sites to interfere with protein‐protein interactions (PPIs) is crucial for the rational modulation of biologically relevant processes. Survivin, which is highly overexpressed in most cancer cells and considered to be a key player of carcinogenesis, features two functionally relevant binding sites. Here, we demonstrate selective disruption of the Survivin/Histone H3 or the Survivin/Crm1 interaction using a supramolecular approach. By rational design we identified two structurally related ligands (LNES and LHIS), capable of selectively inhibiting these PPIs, leading to a reduction in cancer cell proliferation.
Safety and efficacy of drug‐coated balloon for peripheral artery revascularization—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ullah Waqas , Zghouzi Mohammad , Sattar Zeeshan , Ahmad Bachar , Zahid Salman , Suleiman Abdul‐Rahman M. , Sattar Yasar , Khan Muhammad Zia , Paul Timir , Bagur Rodrigo , Qureshi Mohammad Imran , Fischman David L. , Banerjee Subhash , Prasad Anand , Alraies M. Chadi
Published: January 2022

Background

The relative merits of the drug‐coated balloon (DCB) versus uncoated balloon (UCB) angioplasty in endovascular intervention for patients with symptomatic lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains controversial.

Methods

Online databases were queried with various combinations of keywords to identify relevant articles. Net adverse events (NAEs) and its components were compared using a random effect model to calculate unadjusted odds ratios (ORs).

Results

A total of 26 studies comprising 26,845 patients (UCB: 17,770 and DCB: 9075) were included. On pooled analysis, DCB was associated with significantly lower odds of NAE (OR: 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36–0.61), vessel restenosis (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.37–0.57), major amputation (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47–99), need for repeat target lesion (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.31–0.47) and target vessel revascularization (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.47–0.81) compared with UCB. Similarly, the primary patency rate was significantly higher in patients undergoing DCB angioplasty (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.19–1.75), while the odds for all‐cause mortality (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.85–1.09) were not significantly different between the two groups. A subgroup analysis based on follow‐up duration (6 months vs. 1 vs. 2 years) followed the findings of the pooled analysis with few exceptions.

Conclusions

The use of DCB in lower extremity PAD intervention is associated with higher primary patency, lower restenosis, lower amputation rate, and decreased need for repeat revascularization with similar all‐cause mortality as compared to UCB.
Compound blue nevus: A misleading pigmented melanocytic tumor
Authors: Baklouti Massara , Sellami Khadija , Elleuch Neila , Rekik Mariem , Saguem Ines , Kamoun Chahir , Gouiaa Naourez , Ben Messaoud Hela , Karray Fathi , Abdelmoula Mohamed , Sellami Tahia , Turki Hamida
Published: January 2022

Compound blue nevus had clinical and histological similarities with other heavily pigmented melanocytic tumor, like the pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma. Distinctive genomic aberrations have allowed differentiating it. The defining characteristic of blue nevi family is the presence of activating mutations in the G protein α‐subunits, GNAQ and GNA11.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade C−H Functionalization/Asymmetric Allylation Reaction of Aryl α‐Diazoamides and Allenes: Lewis Acid Makes a Difference
Authors: Wu Min‐Song , Ruan Xiao‐Yun , Han Zhi‐Yong , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: January 2022

A Pd‐catalyzed cascade C−H functionalization/asymmetric allylation reaction with aryl α‐diazoamides and allenes has been developed. The reaction provides an efficient approach to construct chiral 3,3‐disubstituted oxindole derivatives in high levels of yield and enantioselectivity (up to 93 %ee). Notably, the chromium complex works as Lewis acid to facilitate the formation of palladium carbene and to enhance acidity of carboxylic acid, allowing for higher stereochemical control and efficiency.
Simultaneous Organic and Inorganic Host‐Guest Chemistry within Pillararene‐Protein Cage Frameworks
Authors: Shaukat Ahmed , Anaya‐Plaza Eduardo , Beyeh Ngong Kodiah , Kostiainen Mauri A.
Published: January 2022

Supramolecular self‐assembly of biomolecules provides a powerful bottom‐up strategy to build functional nanostructures and materials. Among the different biomacromolecules, protein cages offer various advantages including uniform size, versatility, multi‐modularity, and high stability. Additionally, protein cage crystals present confined microenvironments with well‐defined dimensions. On the other hand, molecular hosts, such as cyclophanes, possess a defined cavity size and selective recognition of guest molecules. However, the successful combination of macrocycles and protein cages to achieve functional co‐crystals has remained limited. In this study, we demonstrate electrostatic binding between cationic pillar[5]arenes and (apo)ferritin cages that results in porous and crystalline frameworks. The electrostatically assembled crystals present a face‐centered cubic (FCC) lattice and have been characterized by means of small‐angle X‐ray scattering and cryo‐TEM. These hierarchical structures result in a multiadsorbent framework capable of hosting both organic and inorganic pollutants, such as dyes and toxic metals, with potential application in water‐remediation technologies.
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Diaryl Ketones with Ethanol Catalyzed by Chiral NCP Pincer Iridium Complexes
Authors: Qian Lu , Tang Xixia , Wang Yulei , Liu Guixia , Huang Zheng
Published: January 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The use of a chiral (NCP)Ir complex as the precatalyst allowed for the discovery of asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of diaryl ketones with ethanol as the hydrogen source and solvent. This reaction was applicable to various ortho‐substituted diaryl keontes, affording benzhydrols in good yields and enantioselectivities. This protocol could be carried out in a gram scale under mild reaction conditions. The utility of the catalytic system was highlighted by the synthesis of the key precursor of (S)‐neobenodine.
A phase 3 safety study of fosnetupitant as an antiemetic in patients receiving anthracycline and cyclophosphamide: CONSOLE‐BC
Authors: Matsuura Kazuo , Tsurutani Junji , Inoue Kenichi , Tanabe Yuko , Taira Tetsuhiko , Kubota Kaoru , Tamura Tomohide , Saeki Toshiaki
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Fosnetupitant (FosNTP), an intravenous neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist, demonstrated a favorable safety profile with a potentially low risk of injection site reactions (ISRs) and promising antiemetic efficacy in patients receiving cisplatin‐based highly emetogenic chemotherapy in a previous phase 2 study. We conducted a randomized, double‐blind safety study to evaluate the safety profile of FosNTP, including ISRs, in patients receiving doxorubicin‐cyclophosphamide or epirubicin‐cyclophosphamide (AC/EC) chemotherapy.

METHODS

Patients scheduled to receive AC/EC were randomized 1:1 to receive 235 mg of FosNTP or 150 mg of fosaprepitant (FosAPR), both in combination with 0.75 mg of intravenous palonosetron and 9.9 mg of dexamethasone on day 1. The stratification factors were age category (<55 vs ≥55 years) and study site. The primary end point was the incidence of treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) with FosNTP.

RESULTS

Overall, 102 patients were randomized to FosNTP (n = 52) or FosAPR (n = 50), and all were treated with the study drug and evaluated for safety. The primary end point, the incidence of TRAEs, was similar with FosNTP (21.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.1%‐34.7%) and FosAPR (22.0%; 95% CI, 11.5%‐36.0%), with any‐cause ISRs observed in 5.8% and 26.0% of patients, respectively, and treatment‐related ISRs observed in 0% and 10.0%, respectively. The overall (0‐120 hour) complete response (defined as no emetic event and no rescue medication) rate, standardized by age category in the full analysis set, was 45.9% (23 of 51 patients) with FosNTP and 51.3% (25 of 49 patients) with FosAPR.

CONCLUSIONS

FosNTP demonstrated a favorable safety profile with a very low risk of ISRs in the AC/EC setting.
Detection of Short DNA Sequences with DNA Nanopores**
Authors: Yang Luyan , Cullin Christophe , Elezgaray Juan
Published: January 2022

Several studies suggest strong correlation between different types of cancer and the relative concentration of short circulating RNA sequences (miRNA). Because of short length and low concentration, miRNA detection is not easy. Standard methods such as RT‐PCR require both the standard PCR amplification step and a preliminary additional step of reverse transcription. In this paper, we investigate the use of DNA nanopores as a tool to detect short oligonucleotide sequences at the single molecule level. These nanostructures show two different conformations depending on the presence of DNA analogues of miRNA sequences. By monitoring current across a lipid bilayer, we show that this change of conformation translates to different levels of conductance.
Actions in the spotlight: Differential effects of corporate social responsibility actions on organizational celebrity
Authors: Turner Kyle D.
Published: January 2022

While the financial value of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been thoroughly addressed in extant research, scholars have yet to fully explore the mechanisms through which CSR benefits the firm. Social approval assets, such as reputation or legitimacy, represent one mechanism through which CSR actions generate idiosyncratic value among stakeholders that is likely to lead to superior firm performance. The present study introduces a new social approval asset, organizational celebrity, to the CSR literature and proposes how CSR actions can be leveraged to generate high levels of attention and positive emotional resonance among stakeholders. In doing so, the model provides insight into how organizational celebrity is formed via distinctive CSR actions that generate media attention and emotional resonance among stakeholders. The conceptual model extends existing work integrating CSR as a key antecedent to the development of social approval assets as key intangible resources for the firm.
Optimization design of fractional‐order Chebyshev lowpass filters based on genetic algorithm
Authors: He Xue , Hu Zhizhong
Published: January 2022

Fractional‐order filters have received extensive attention from international scholars because of their greater design freedom and continuously stepped stopband attenuation rate. Based on genetic algorithm (GA), this paper proposes an optimum design approach for fractional‐order Chebyshev lowpass filters that meet design specifications. The fractional order and ripples attenuation of the normalized Chebyshev lowpass filter are calculated according to specifications, the integer order in the Chebyshev polynomial is replaced with the calculated fractional order, and then the fractional‐order Chebyshev polynomial is substituted into the magnitude response of the normalized Chebyshev lowpass filter along with the ripples attenuation to achieve the ideal response. The transfer function parameters of a fractional‐order filter are optimized using GA to make the magnitude response approximate the ideal response described above. This completes the optimized design of a fractional‐order Chebyshev filter that meets specifications. Given three different sets of design specifications, the fractional‐order Chebyshev filter designed using the proposed method is compared with one designed by another method in the literature. Finally, design examples are presented, stability analysis and Pspice simulations are performed, and an actual circuit is constructed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A low‐leakage single‐bitline 9T SRAM cell with read‐disturbance removal and high writability for low‐power biomedical applications
Authors: Abbasian Erfan , Gholipour Morteza
Published: January 2022

The design of power‐efficient SRAM cells is necessary for biomedical applications such as body area networks (BANs) to extent their battery life. SRAM cell's power consists of two main components, including leakage power and dynamic power, in which the former overcomes the latter in advanced technology. This paper presents a low‐leakage single‐bitline 9T (L2SB9T) SRAM cell. The proposed design is free from read‐disturbance issue and eliminates writing “1” problem. The results are carried out by utilizing HSPICE and 16‐nm CMOS PTM at a 0.7 V, 25°C, and under severe PVT variations. The proposed L2SB9T SRAM cell is comprehensively compared with other recently published SRAM cells including conventional 6T, write/read enhanced 8T (WRE8T), transmission‐gate 9T (TG9T), read‐disturb‐free 9T (RDF9T), fully differential 10T (Chang10T), data‐independent read port 10T (DIRP10T), and single‐bitline 11T (SB11T). It shows at least 1.26X/1.07X/1.01X improvement in read static noise margin (RSNM)/write static noise margin (WSNM)/write margin (WM). Furthermore, the leakage power is reduced by the proposed cell, at least 1.137X. Moreover, the suggested cell consumes the third/second best dynamic read/write power, which is 1.42X/1.37X lower than that of conventional 6T SRAM cell. The proposed L2SB9T SRAM cell performs its read/write operation reliably by showing at least 1.71X narrower speared in RSNM compared to the best SRAM cell and third best WM variability. For all these improvements, the proposed L2SB9T SRAM cell incurs a 4.20X/1.06X/1.808X penalty in read delay/write delay/layout area when compared with the best SRAM cells, that is, the Chang10T/6T/6T.
Facebook as Embodiment of Social Relations and Piety among American Muslim Women
Authors: Hahn Ashley
Published: January 2022

Based on a three‐year‐long ethnographic research on a group of young Turkish‐American Muslim women, affiliated with a faith‐based social movement, I explored why these young women turned to Facebook to maintain their religious sisterhood after their graduation from high school and how their media choice and use of Facebook contribute to their Muslim subject formation. Drawing from literature on ethics and morality and employing a discourse‐centered approach to language and culture provide me with frameworks and tools that help to move beyond the homogenizing and prescriptive concepts like “media niche” and “networked ore digital religion” in this study. Through these frameworks, I demonstrated that their media choice and use is more about their ethical becoming as Muslim subjects rather than solely being about medium itself or performing religious identities. Besides, their moral project, that is becoming better Muslims, rely not only on religious codes and norms but also on everyday social norms and values. This study particularly demonstrates how new practices of mediation become part of existing and old ethical debates and therefore is important in shedding light on the media choices of individuals.
Censorship in the Study of Early Islam
Authors: Wood Philip
Published: January 2022

This article argues that an important driver for complaints about anti‐Muslim blasphemy has been the political and legal environment of Pakistan. It examines a case where an academic text on early Islam was suppressed because of fears over its reception in Pakistan. It argues that university presses ought to keep open a space where ideas can be critiqued in a non‐polemical fashion, but that, in this case, the globalized network in which university presses operate has served to stifle open discussion.
Assessing drivers of localized invasive spread to inform large‐scale management of a highly damaging insect pest
Authors: Nunez‐Mir Gabriela C. , Walter Jonathan A. , Grayson Kristine L. , Johnson Derek M.
Published: January 2022

Studies of biological invasions at the macroscale or across multiple scales can provide important insights for management, particularly when localized information about invasion dynamics or environmental contexts is unavailable. In this study, we performed a macroscale analysis of the roles of invasion drivers on the local scale dynamics of a high‐profile pest,Lymantria dispar disparL., with the purpose of improving the prioritization of vulnerable areas for treatment. Specifically, we assessed the relative effects of various anthropogenic and environmental variables on the establishment rate of 8010 quadrats at a localized scale (5 × 5 km) across the entireL. dispartransition zone (the area encompassing the leading population edge, currently from Minnesota to North Carolina). We calculated the number of years from first detection ofL. disparin a quadrat to the year when probability of establishment ofL. disparwas greater than 99% (i.e., waiting time to establishment after first detection). To assess the effects of environmental and anthropogenic variables on each quadrat's waiting time to establishment, we performed linear mixed‐effects regression models for the full transition zone and three subregions within the zone. Seasonal temperatures were found to be the primary drivers of local establishment rates. Winter temperatures had the strongest effects, especially in the northern parts of the transition zone. Furthermore, the effects of some factors on waiting times to establishment varied across subregions. Our findings contribute to identifying especially vulnerable areas to furtherL. disparspread and informing region‐specific criteria by invasion managers for the prioritization of areas for treatment.
Functionalized Carbazolyl Hydro‐ and Allyl‐Silanes
Authors: Hädinger Pauline , Hinz Alexander
Published: January 2022

The synthesis and properties of silanes bearing a bulky carbazolyl substituent are described. Metathesis routes with different reagents under different conditions are required to obtain the compounds of the general formula RSi(X)2H and RSi(X)2All (X=Cl, N3, NCO, NCS, NH2, All=CH2CHCH2). The silanes were studied by XRD, NMR and IR spectroscopy and all findings were corroborated by DFT methods.
Novel prevention insights into depletion of oxidative stress status through regular exercise and grape seed effective substance in heart ischemia rat model
Authors: Zarei Safar , Taghian Farzaneh , Sharifi Gholamreza , Abedi Hassanali
Published: January 2022

Myocardial ischemia (MI) is recognized as the most frequent cardiovascular disease which is the dominant cause of global morbidity and mortality. Artificial intelligence tools and integrative data analysis revealed superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, gap junction protein α, myosin heavy chains, and zinc finger transcription factor GATA4 are engaged in oxidative stress and in cardiomyopathy. Network analysis indicated that MAPK3 might be the highest distribution property and cut point in this network, which could be a potential candidate for preventing and treating oxidative stress in heart tissue. Among antioxidant agents, grape seed extract (GSE) is an effective substance that altered antioxidant status in heart tissue. Considering drug discovery methods, we illustrated that GSE might target the MAPK3 protein with sufficient binding affinity. Moreover, we found that low‐ and moderate‐intensity training might prevent the depletion of antioxidants after MI. GSE consumption altered the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase after 14 weeks. Therefore, the interaction of low‐ and moderate‐intensity training and GSE had a synergistic effect on the antioxidant status and relative expression of the Mapk3. Moreover, the interaction of high‐intensity training and GSE had a compensatory mechanism that could scavenge reactive oxygen species and improve endogenous antioxidants and modulate the Mapk3 level in MI rats. Consequently, we displayed positive influence and synergic effects of simultaneous GSE prescription and regular physical activity for 14 weeks to prevent acute and chronic heart ischemia cardioprotective phenomenon. Furthermore, the capacitation oxidative stress and relative expression of the Mapk3 was significantly increased by GSE and regular exercise.
Establishment and application of risk classification model for lead in vegetables based on spectral clustering algorithms
Authors: Jiang Tong‐qiang , Wang Zheng , Zhang Qing‐chuan , Wang Zu‐zheng , Cheng Bao‐lian
Published: January 2022

This study aims to evaluate the risk of lead pollution in 9 kinds of vegetables consumed by residents in 20 provinces/cities of China. Sampling data and vegetable consumption data from 20 provinces/cities in 2019 were used. Combined with dietary exposure assessment, the vegetable categories and provinces were paired, and a risk classification model based on spectral clustering algorithms was proposed. The results of the spectral clustering algorithm showed that the risk level of lead pollution in vegetables can be divided into five levels. The combination of vegetable‐province/cities at the risk level of 1 and 2 accounted for 92.78%, and that at the risk level of 4 and 5 accounted for 2.22%. The high‐risk combinations were fresh edible fungus–Shaanxi, fresh edible fungus–Sichuan, and fresh edible fungus–Shanghai and bean sprouts–Guangdong. In the proposed model, objective data were used as the classification index, and the spectral clustering algorithm was employed to select the optimal risk classification in a data‐driven way. As a result, the influence of subjective factors was effectively reduced, the risk of lead pollution in vegetables was classified, and the results were scientific and accurate. This study provides a scientific basis of supervision priorities for regulatory departments.
Venetoclax exposure‐efficacy and exposure‐safety relationships in patients with treatment‐naïve acute myeloid leukemia who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy
Authors: Brackman Deanna , Eckert Doerthe , Menon Rajeev , Salem Ahmed Hamed , Potluri Jalaja , Smith B. Douglas , Wei Andrew H. , Hayslip John , Miles Dale , Mensing Sven , Gopalakrishnan Sathej , Zha Jiuhong
Published: January 2022

This study evaluated venetoclax population pharmacokinetics (popPK) in patients with treatment‐naïve acute myeloid leukemia and assessed the relationship between venetoclax exposure and clinical response for venetoclax in combination with either a hypomethylating agent (HMA) or low‐dose cytarabine (LDAC). A total of 771 patients who received venetoclax from 5 Phase 1–3 studies were included in the popPK model. Exposure‐response analyses included data from 575 patients for venetoclax/placebo plus HMA and 279 patients for venetoclax/placebo plus LDAC. The popPK model successfully characterized venetoclax plasma concentrations over time and confirmed venetoclax exposure did not vary significantly with age, weight, sex, mild to moderate hepatic impairment, or mild to severe renal impairment. Asian patients had 67% higher mean relative bioavailability than non‐Asian patients, however the range of exposures in Asian patients was similar to non‐Asian patients. For all efficacy endpoints with both treatment combinations, efficacy was higher in the venetoclax treatment groups compared with the respective control arm of placebo plus azacitidine or LDAC. Within patients who received venetoclax, no significant exposure‐efficacy relationships were identified for either treatment combination, indicating that the beneficial effects of venetoclax were already maximized in the dose ranges studied. There was no apparent effect of venetoclax exposure on treatment‐emergent Grade ≥3 thrombocytopenia or infections for either combination. Rates of treatment‐emergent Grade ≥3 neutropenia were higher in the venetoclax treatment arms compared with the respective control arms; however, within patients who received venetoclax, there was only a shallow relationship or no apparent relationship with venetoclax exposure for venetoclax plus HMA or LDAC, respectively. Along with the efficacy and safety data previously published, the exposure‐response analyses support the venetoclax dose regimens of 400 mg once daily (QD) plus HMA and 600 mg QD plus LDAC in treatment‐naïve AML patients who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy.
Numerical solution of MHD, Soret, Dufour, and thermal radiation contributions on unsteady free convection motion of Casson liquid past a semi‐infinite vertical porous plate
Authors: Reddy K. Veera , Ramana Reddy G. Venkata , Sandhya A. , Krishna Y. Hari
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the unsteady motion of Casson liquid over a half‐infinite penetrable vertical plate with MHD, thermal radiation, Soret, and Dufour contributions have been explored numerically. In the physical geometry, the Casson liquid flows to the layer from the penetrable vertical plate. At the layer, Casson liquid is set into motion and the flow equations are illustrated using coupled partial differential equations (PDEs). This set of PDEs is simplified to form dimensionless PDEs with the use of normal nondimensional transformation. The controlling parameters' effects on the working fluid are extensively discussed on velocity, concentration, and temperature and presented graphically. Computational values of Nusselt plus Sherwood number and skin friction for controlling parameters are depicted in a tabular form. Our outcomes show that a raise in the Casson term depreciates the velocity because of the magnetic parameter influence on the fluid flow. The Soret parameter was found to accelerate the skin friction along with the Sherwood number coefficients. An incremental value of the Dufour parameter was detected to hike the skin friction alongside the Nusselt number. Results of this study were found to be in conformity with previously published work.
Empirical study on the impact of major asset restructuring on the price of sub‐new stocks in Chinese A‐shares
Authors: Mingli Zhang , Yijie Zhang , Simeng Qin , Juhong Gong
Published: January 2022

With the improvement of Chinese economic status, Chinese A‐share market has attracted more and more attention from international investors. Sub‐new stock is a general name for the companies which list less than a year, most companies of this category come from the China Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) and are high‐tech companies with high growth. To study the influence of major asset restructuring on the stock prices of different companies, this paper adopts the event study method to calculate the samples' abnormal return in a 20‐day window period, compares related party transactions and unrelated party transactions, as well as different payment methods for the restructuring. The analysis shows that the listed companies of Growth Enterprise Market can get higher excess returns, the sample of unrelated transaction obtains more abnormal income than the sample of related transaction. The research can provide a reference for local and international investors.
Does the Chinese labour force make sufficient efforts? Empirical evidence using non‐parametric analysis
Authors: Wang Qiao
Published: January 2022

In this study, we construct an incentive model under which the optimal wage incentive scheme is a linear contract. This linear incentive contract can induce truth telling by workers about their inefficiency types and promote optimal efforts by them. We use the non‐parametric kernel estimation method to estimate the model primitives to analyse the insufficient efforts in the Chinese labour market. The empirical results based on data collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey show that efficient male workers in white‐collar occupations do not exert sufficient efforts in the Chinese labour market. And wages for male workers in white‐collar occupations are undervalued.
Estimating Infiltration in Open‐ended Furrow Irrigation by Modifying Final Infiltration Rate
Authors: Panahi Amir , Alizadeh‐Dizaj Amin , Ebrahimian Hamed , Seyedzadeh Amin
Published: January 2022

The Kostiakov–Lewis equation is one of the commonly used infiltration equations in furrow irrigation. Elliott and Walker developed a two‐point method to estimate coefficients of the Kostiakov–Lewis equation. The basic infiltration rate (fo) in the Kostiakov–Lewis equation is usually calculated by the inflow–outflow method to determine the other two Kostiakov–Lewis parameters. In that method the entire furrow is used as an infiltrometer, which can cause overestimation of fo. In this study, by considering a correction factor in the mathematical calculations where the newly calculated value of fo is represented as fo* and the values of the a and k parameters, as calculated during the advance phase, are represented as a* and k*. The amount of infiltration volume estimated by the proposed method was evaluated using 21 open‐ended furrow irrigation data sets by calculating the relative error (RE) index. The value of fo decreased and the values of a and k increased by using the proposed method as compared to the Elliott and Walker method. Therefore, the results showed that the proposed method estimated infiltration volume with greater accuracy (average absolute RE = 4.0%) as compared to the Elliott and Walker method (average absolute RE = 7.8%).
Effects of Primary Kidney Disease Etiology on Renal Osteodystrophy in Pediatric Dialysis Patients
Authors: Sirimongkolchaiyakul Ornatcha , Wesseling‐Perry Katherine , Gales Barbara , Markovic Daniela , Elashoff David , Ramos Georgina , Pereira Renata C , Hanudel Mark R , Salusky Isidro B
Published: January 2022

Congenital diseases of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and glomerulonephritis are the main causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. Although renal osteodystrophy (ROD) and indices of mineral metabolism have been characterized in dialyzed children, the impact of primary kidney disease on ROD is unknown. We performed a cross‐sectional study of bone biopsies performed in 189 pediatric dialysis patients aged 12.6 ± 5.4 years. Patients were classified into three groups according to primary kidney disease: CAKUT (n = 82), hereditary (n = 22), or glomerular disease (n = 85). Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 25(OH) vitamin D were measured at the time of biopsy. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels were measured in a subset of 59 patients. Levels of calcium, phosphate, PTH, and 25(OH) vitamin D were similar across groups. CAKUT patients had higher serum ALP and lower C‐terminal FGF23 levels. Bone turnover and bone volume parameters did not differ across groups. However, osteoid volume (OV/BV), osteoid surface (OS/BS), and osteoid maturation time (OMT) were highest in the CAKUT group and lowest in the hereditary group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that calcium, phosphate, ALP, and PTH were independently associated with OV/BV and osteoid thickness (O.Th). PTH was an independent factor affecting bone formation rate. The relationship between CKD etiology and bone histomorphometric variables was abrogated after adjustment for biochemical parameters in the multivariable models. Overall, bone histology differed according to CKD etiology in the unadjusted analysis; however, this association could not be confirmed independently of biochemical parameters. Although CAKUT patients had a greater mineralization defect with elevated serum ALP levels, longitudinal studies will be needed to elucidate mediation pathways that might be involved in the complex interplay of CKD‐mineral bone disease (MBD). © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Measurement of sulfatides in the amniotic fluid supernatant: A useful tool in the prenatal diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy
Authors: Kubaski Francyne , Herbst Zackary M. , Burin Maira Graeff , Michelin‐Tirelli Kristiane , Trapp Franciele B. , Gus Rejane , Netto Alice B. O. , Brusius‐Facchin Ana Carolina , Leistner‐Segal Sandra , Sanseverino Maria Teresa , Souza Carolina Moura Fischinger de , Wilke Matheus V. M. B. , Oliveira Thiago , Magalhães Jose A. A. , Giugliani Roberto
Published: January 2022

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder caused by deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ARSA), leading to an accumulation of sulfatides. Sulfatides have been quantified in urine, dried blood spots (DBS), and tissues of patients with MLD. Newborn screening (NBS) for MLD has already been proposed based on a two‐tier approach with the quantification of sulfatides in DBS followed by the quantification of ARSA by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Prenatal screening for MLD is also crucial, and sulfatide quantification in amniotic fluid (AF) can aid diagnosis. The prenatal study was initiated due to a family history of MLD at 19 weeks of gestation. ARSA was quantified in cultured amniocytes. C16:0 sulfatide was quantified by LC‐MS/MS in the supernatant of AF. Molecular analysis of the ARSA gene was performed in cultured amniocytes. ARSA was deficient in fetal cells, and C16:0 sulfatides were significantly elevated in comparison to age‐matched controls (3‐fold higher). Genetic studies identified the c.465+1G>A variant in homozygosis in the ARSA gene. Our study shows that sulfatides can be quantified in the supernatant of AF of MLD fetuses, and it could potentially aid in a faster and more accurate diagnosis of MLD patients.
Inflammation in Remote Myocardium and Left Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Study Using T2 Mapping
Authors: Yang Meng‐xi , Shi Ke , Xu Hua‐yan , He Yong , Ma Min , Zhang Lu , Wang Jun‐long , Li Xue‐sheng , Fu Chuan , Li Hong , Zhou Bin , Zhou Xiao‐yue , Yang Zhi , Guo Ying‐kun , Yang Zhi‐gang
Published: January 2022

LGE and T2 Mapping Images of Representative Cases. On LGE Images (A for Animals and C for Human), Infarcted Myocardium Demonstrated the Area with High Intensity; On T2 Maps (B for Animals and D for Human), The High Ntensity of Infarcted Myocardium Decreases from 3 Days to 3 Months Following MI. The Measurement of Remote T2 is Performed within the Defined White Contour Area. LGE: Late Gadolinium Enhancement; MR = Magnetic Resonance; MI = Myocardial Infarction; STEMI = ST†Elevated Myocardial Infarction. BY Yang et al. (555‐564)

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Role of melatonin in autism spectrum disorders in a male murine transgenic model: Study in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Borsani Elisa , Bonomini Francesca , Bonini Sara Anna , Premoli Marika , Maccarinelli Giuseppina , Giugno Lorena , Mastinu Andrea , Aria Francesca , Memo Maurizio , Rezzani Rita
Published: January 2022

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders sharing common features related to impaired social and communication abilities in addition to stereotyped behaviors. ASD patients present encephalic morphological, physiological, and biomolecular alterations with low levels of melatonin due to alterations in its pathways. Therefore, even if ASDs have traditionally been framed as behavioral disorders, several lines of evidence are accumulating that ASDs are characterized by certain anatomical and physiological abnormalities, including oxidative stress and inflammation in peripheral biomarkers, but likewise present in human brain tissue also characterized by alterations in synaptic remodeling and neuromodulation. Melatonin has also protective and antioxidant properties, so we can therefore hypothesize that alterations in melatonin's pathways may be one of the causes of the symptomatology of autism. The aim of the present study was to analyze the beneficial effect induced by melatonin administration and its possible mechanism of action in a transgenic mouse model of autism, immediately after weaning. The male mice were daily treated per os with melatonin (10 mg/Kg/day) or vehicle for 8 weeks starting from the sixth week of life. The antioxidant modulation, the GABAergic/glutamatergic impairment, and the synaptic remodeling in the prefrontal cortex have been evaluated. Social and repetitive behaviors were also evaluated. The behavioral results showed no statistical evidences, instead the immunohistochemical results indicated the ability of melatonin to promote the activity of antioxidant system, the GABAergic/glutamatergic equilibrium, and the synaptic remodeling. The results show that melatonin may be a possible adjuvant therapeutic strategy in ASDs.
Elucidation of pathological mechanism caused by human disease mutation in CaMKIIβ
Authors: Mutoh Hiroki , Aoto Kazushi , Miyazaki Takehiro , Fukuda Atsuo , Saitsu Hirotomo
Published: January 2022

Recently, we have identified CaMKIIα and CaMKIIβ mutations in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders by whole exome sequencing study. Most CaMKII mutants have increased phosphorylation of Thr286/287, which induces autonomous activity of CaMKII, using cell culture experiments. In this study, we explored the pathological mechanism of motor dysfunction observed exclusively in a patient with Pro213Leu mutation in CaMKIIβ using a mouse model of the human disease. The homozygous CaMKIIβ Pro213Leu knockin mice showed age‐dependent motor dysfunction and growth failure from 2 weeks after birth. In the cerebellum, the mutation did not alter the mRNA transcript level, but the CaMKIIβ protein level was dramatically decreased. Furthermore, in contrast to previous result from cell culture, Thr287 phosphorylation of CaMKIIβ was also reduced. CaMKIIβ Pro213Leu knockin mice showed similar motor dysfunction as CaMKIIβ knockout mice, newly providing evidence for a loss of function rather than a gain of function. Our disease model mouse showed similar phenotypes of the patient, except for epileptic seizures. We clearly demonstrated that the pathological mechanism is a reduction of mutant CaMKIIβ in the brain, and the physiological aspects of mutation were greatly different between in vivo and cell culture.
Joint kinematics alone can distinguish hip or knee osteoarthritis patients from asymptomatic controls with high accuracy
Authors: Emmerzaal Jill , Van Rossom Sam , van der Straaten Rob , De Brabandere Arne , Corten Kristoff , De Baets Liesbet , Davis Jesse , Jonkers Ilse , Timmermans Annick , Vanwanseele Benedicte
Published: January 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading musculoskeletal disabilities worldwide, and several interventions intend to change the gait pattern in OA patients to more healthy patterns. However, an accessible way to follow up the biomechanical changes in a clinical setting is still missing. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate whether we can use biomechanical data collected from a specific activity of daily living to help distinguish hip OA patients from controls and knee OA patients from controls using features that potentially could be measured in a clinical setting. To achieve this goal, we considered three different classes of statistical models with different levels of data complexity. Class 1 is kinematics based only (clinically applicable), class 2 includes joint kinetics (semi‐applicable under the condition of access to a force plate or prediction models), and class 3 uses data from advanced musculoskeletal modeling (not clinically applicable). We used a machine learning pipeline to determine which classification model was best. We found 100% classification accuracy for KneeOA‐vs‐Asymptomatic and 93.9% for HipOA‐vs‐Asymptomatic using seven features derived from the lumbar spine and hip kinematics collected during ascending stairs. These results indicate that kinematical data alone can distinguish hip or knee OA patients from asymptomatic controls. However, to enable clinical use, we need to validate if the classifier also works with sensor‐based kinematical data and whether the probabilistic outcome of the logistic regression model can be used in the follow‐up of patients with OA.