bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of dentinal micro-cracks caused by the Protaper Universal, Protaper Next and Reciproc rotary file systems used in root canal preparation
Authors: Deveci Taç Meltem , Kaya Sadullah , Falakaloğlu Seda
Published: January 2019

Objective: In this study, we compared the occurrence of dentinal micro-cracks after use of the ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer), and Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) nickel–titanium rotary file systems in root canal preparation.

Method: One hundred mandibular anterior teeth were divided into five groups of 20 specimens each. Group 1 served as a control, with no intervention. In group 2, preparation was performed using the step-back technique and K files. In groups 3–5, root canal preparation was performed using the ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and Reciproc file systems, respectively. Following preparation, specimens were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm using a Minitom precision cut-off machine. The sections were evaluated under a stereomicroscope. The following scoring system was used to rate specimens: 1, no micro-crack; 2, incomplete micro-crack; and 3, vertical root fracture. The results were statistically assessed (p ≤ 0.05).

Results: No micro-crack formation was observed in groups 1 and 2. The highest rate of micro-crack formation was observed in specimens prepared with the ProTaper Universal file system (20%), followed by those prepared with the Reciproc (11.7%) and ProTaper Next (6.7%) file systems. However, no significant difference was detected among groups (p > 0.05). In the groups ProTaper Universal and Reciproc files were used, 1 vertical root fracture was found in 9 mm sections for each.

Conclusion: Considering the limitations of in vitro studies, we can conclude that all rotary file systems used in this study led to dentinal micro-crack formation in roots. The ProTaper Universal file system caused more dentinal micro-cracking than did the ProTaper Next and Reciproc file systems.
Influence of Omalizumab Therapy on Airway Remodeling Assessed with High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) in Severe Allergic Asthma Patients
Authors: Przybyszowski Marek , Paciorek Kinga , Zastrzeżyńska Weronika , Gawlewicz-Mroczka Agnieszka , Trojan-Królikowska Anna , Orłowska Anna , Soja Jerzy , Pawlik Wiesław , Sładek Krzysztof
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Airway remodeling is an important factor in persistent obstruction in severe asthma. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is an effective method of detecting changes in airway structure. Our aim was to use HRCT to assess changes in airway remodeling in patients with severe allergic asthma who are treated with omalizumab. Material and methods: In 12 patients with severe allergic asthma, HRCT was performed before and after treatment with omalizumab. In selected bronchial airways, parameters were calculated: bronchial wall area (BA), also corrected for body surface area (BSA); percentage of wall area (WA%); and the ratio of luminal area to total bronchial area (Ai/Ao). Clinical response to treatment was assessed using an asthma control questionnaire (ACQ), asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ), and number of exacerbations per year. Assessment included spirometry and blood eosinophilia. Results: Treatment resulted in significant improvement in ACQ (p = 0.035) and AQLQ (p = 0.001). We observed significant reduction in exacerbations per year (p = 0.002) and reduction of daily systemic steroid dose (p = 0.032). FEV₁ and peripheral blood eospinophilia did not change (p = 0.846 and p = 0.221). Airway dimensions (Ai/Ao) of particular bronchi were consistent with the mean of the parameters calculated for all bronchi measured. Although we observed a significant decrease in WA (p = 0.002) and WA/BSA (p = 0.002), WA% and Ai/Ao did not improve (p = 0.39 and p = 0.49). We found no correlations between changes in airways and changes in spirometry or clinical parameters. Conclusion: Despite clinical effectiveness of omalizumab, its effect on airway remodeling may be limited.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Strains Isolated from Patients between 2013 and 2017 in Poland. Our Data with Respect to the Global Trends
Authors: Kwiatkowska Sylwia , Augustynowicz-Kopeć Ewa , Korzeniewska-Koseła Maria , Filipczak Dorota , Gruszczyński Paweł , Zabost Anna , Klatt Magdalena , Sadkowska-Todys Małgorzata
Published: December 2018

Introduction: During the last decades the prevalence of NTM infections has increased, especially in developed countries. The aim of the study was to provide an overview on all NTM isolated from clinical samples in Poland between 2013 and 2017. Material and methods: The study comprised 2799 clinical specimens, mostly respiratory accessed in the reference laboratory of National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute in Warsaw and in the Wielkopolska Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Poland, 2013–2017. Results: During the study period 35 species of NTM were isolated. The number of isolates increased almost 1.6-fold: from 420 in 2013 to 674 in 2017. M. kansasii, M. avium, M. xenopi, M. gordonae and M. intracellulare were the most common species. This NTM pattern was rather stable over the time. If the aggregated amount of all MAC species was taken into account they dominated over M. kansasii from 2015. M. avium and M. intracellulare were more often isolated from women, while M. kansasii, M. gordonae and M. xenopi predominated in men. Men and women were infected almost with the same frequency. In older patients 65+ women were in majority, quite opposite to those aged 25 to 64 years. Conclusion: In Poland, like in other countries increased frequency of isolated NTM. M. kansasii and M. avium were the most frequently identified species from clinical samples. Men and women were infected with NTM with the same frequency.
Necrotizing Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma in Children: An Uncommon Presentation of a Common Disease
Authors: San Martin Isabel , Zarikian Sada , Herranz Mercedes , Moreno-Galarraga Laura
Published: December 2018

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen, especially in children, responsible for community-acquired pneumonia. Although, in most cases, infections caused by this bacterium follow a benign self-limited clinical course, cases of severe respiratory infections have been reported. We present two pediatric cases of necrotizing pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Both patients initially presented with low-grade fever, cough and mild respiratory symptoms, however, imaging techniques showed necrotizing pneumonia. Initially, a typical bacterial pneumonia was suspected, so antibiotic empiric regimen did not included macrolides. When clinical evolution was not adequate, antibiotic treatment was modified in order to provide coverage to unusual pathogens. Both patients finally recovered once Mycoplasma was suspected, and oral macrolides were added to their treatment. Although M. pneumoniae is a rare cause of necrotizing pneumonia, it must be considered, when usual antibiotic empiric therapy is not being successful. Before thinking of uncommon germs, we must remember that: ‘The unusual presentation of a common disease is generally more likely than the usual presentation of an uncommon disease’.
Epicardial Fat in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a Marker of High Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Sova Milan , Genzor Samuel , Kolek Vítězslav , Čtvrtlík Filip , Asswad Amjad , Zela Ondřej , Tauber Zdeněk
Published: December 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are commonly interconnected, and this coincidence negatively influences patients’ mortality and morbidity. On the basis of the current available data originating mainly from cardiovascular studies epicardial fat (EF) has been proposed as a marker of cardiovascular risk. This review is focused on a potential role of epicardial fat as a new biomarker for risk stratification of COPD patients. Epicardial fat may present an important link between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases, mainly coronary artery disease.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Coexisting with Lung Cancer
Authors: Zieliński Michał , Sitek Piotr , Ziora Dariusz
Published: December 2018

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease with poor prognosis. Although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, IPF is connected with lung cancer development, which farther worsens the prognosis. Various papers report IPF and cancer coexistence in 9.8% to over 50% of patients depending on observation period. Contrary to already established guidelines in the general population, there are no widely accepted recommendations on lung cancer treatment in IPF population. At the same time, various oncologic interventions can result in acute exacerbation of IPF. In this paper authors tried to revise the available data on lung cancer in patients with preexisting IPF.
The Importance of a Diagnostic Pathway in the Diagnosis of Haemoptysis
Authors: Solidoro Paolo , Guerrera Francesco
Published: December 2018

Dear Editor [...]
Is Bronchoscopy Always Justified in Diagnosis of Haemoptysis? Response to the Letter of Solidoro and Guerrera
Authors: Sobczak Justyna , Sobczak Patryk , Torbiarczyk Katarzyna , Miłkowska-Dymanowska Joanna , Antczak Adam , Górski Paweł , Białas Adam , Piotrowski Wojciech
Published: December 2018

Dear Editor [...]
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass as a cure of iatrogenic – steroid induced diabetes.
Authors: Poznanska Grazyna , Hogendorf Piotr , Czupryniak Leszek , Smolewski Piotr , Grząsiak Oliwia , Szmiel Aneta , Kasiarz Anna , Strzelczyk Janusz , Durczyński Adam
Published: January 2019

Background
Steroid induced diabetes (SIDM) is a frequently found clinical condition since steroid-based therapies continue to be widely used in hospital and ambulatory care. Recommended optimal treatment of SIDM includes similar glucose lowering strategies as in type 2 diabetes. This typical management cannot cure the disease, it can only control blood glucose. Recently, bariatric surgery has emerged as an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, up to now, the usefulness of bariatric surgery in treatment of SIDM has not been evaluated.
Case report
49-year-old female oncologic patient with steroid induced diabetes was referred for the surgical treatment to the Department of General and Transplant Surgery in November 2009 year. Six years earlier, she underwent successful oncologic treatment with cladribine and high doses of steroids due to hairy cell leukemia. Finally complete hematologic remission with normalization of morphology and reduction of spleen size has been obtained. Prior to the steroid treatment blood glucose and urine examinations were within normal range. Patient was non-obese and had no family history of diabetes. Nevertheless, patient developed diabetes secondary to corticosteroids therapy, poorly con-trolled by oral hypoglycemic agent (acarbosum), successfully converted to insulin therapy. On ad-mission to the Department of General and Transplant Surgery she was treated with 58 units of insu-lin per day. The patient was scheduled for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Insulin was with-drawn immediately after the operation and within six months after the surgery plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c-5.5%) levels reached and remained within normal range. Currently, eight years after surgery, body weight and BMI are 80 kg and 27.68 kg/m2, respectively. Plasma plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin are also normal. Importantly, from oncological point of view, the patient has remained in continuous complete remission since October 2003.
Conclusions
Our report is the first to our knowledge describing the effect of gastric bypass surgery on SIDM in patient with prior hematologic malignancy. It proves that surgically altered anatomy of small intestine improves glucose homeostasis previously disturbed with pro-diabetic medication.
Prevention and treatment of pain in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Popowicz Hanna , Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska Wioletta , Kwiecień-Jaguś Katarzyna
Published: January 2019

Healing pain as well as preventing it is an indisputable right of every human being. Activities connected with/ related to medical care in the neonatal intensive care unit may be the source of pain. The aim of the study was to characterize the problem of pain in terms of patients of neonatal intensive care units. The work describes not only the perception of neonatal pain but also preventing and therapeutic actions, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. The last one can be used widely in the daily work of nursing/midwifery staff with neonatal intensive care unit (OITN) patients and their care providers. The study analyzed national and foreign literature on pain therapy in cases of patients of neonatal intensive care units. The available bibliographic databases include Medline, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used as search criteria: “pain”, “newborn baby”, “neonatal intensive care unit “‘nurse”, “midwives”.
Kartleggingsprøver i lesing - tid for nytenking?
Authors: Walgermo Bente Rigmor , Uppstad Per Henning , Lundetræ Kjersti , Tønnessen Finn Egil , Solheim Oddny Judith
Published: January 2019

Som en del av det Nasjonale kvalitetsvurderingssystemet for grunnopplæringen (NKVS) i norsk utdanning har vi i dag forskjellige leseprøver med ulikt formål og utforming for bruk i det 13-årige skoleløpet. I denne artikkelen tegner vi opp en historisk bakgrunn for innføringen av kartleggingsprøvene i lesing i begynneropplæringen, og peker på flere forhold som kaller på en nytenking av dette prøvekonseptet. I artikkelen viser vi ved hjelp av data fra en longitudinell studie hvordan en kort oppgave gjennomført i slutten av første klasse predikerer vansker med leseforståelse i 3. klasse. Med utgangspunkt i disse resultatene drøfter vi kimen til et mulig nytt prøvekonsept med potensiale for a) bedre samsvar mellom teori om lesing og måling av lesing, b) longitudinell prediksjon, og c) en prøve som kan gjennomføres på kortere tid med forbedret pedagogisk potensiale. Sentralt i dette forslaget står tanken om en kort inngangsprøve som oppfyller prøvens primære formål om å identifisere de elevene som står i fare for å utvikle vansker med lesing, fulgt av en utforskende del gjennomført en-til-en som gir læreren informasjon om hvordan vansken arter seg.Nøkkelord: kartleggingsprøver i lesing, longitudinell prediksjon, tidlig innsats, dysleksi, lese- og skrivevansker, intensiv opplæring. Is it time to rethink screening tests for Reading?AbstractAs part of the national quality assessment system in education, Norwegian schools use a variety of reading test with different purposes and designs. In this study we initially provide a historical background regarding the development and implementation of the first-grade screening tests for reading. Within this historical context, we point to the need for rethinking the overall design and philosophy of these tests. Using longitudinal study data, we empirically document how a short group-administered assessment task at the end of first grade predicts difficulties in reading comprehension at the end of third grade. Based on these results we discuss the development of a new design with potentially a) better concurrence of reading theory and reading measures, b) longitudinal prediction, c) a shorter test with better pedagogical potential. Central to this idea is a short initial task that can fulfil the primary purpose of the screening, followed by an explorative, observational aspect, implemented in a one-to-one manner, that would provide greater information regarding the nature of the difficulty.Keywords: screening tests for reading, longitudinal prediction, early efforts, dyslexia, reading and writing difficulties, special education
PENSAMENTO NARRATIVO E OS HORIZONTES EPISTEMOLÓGICOS DA TEOLOGIA
Authors: Rodrigues Adriani Milli , Saldanha Matheus Bonifácio de Souza
Published: January 2019

Em tempos considerados por muitos como pós-metafísicos, a crítica realizada por muitos pensadores que dialogam com a filosofia de Heidegger à ontoteologia tem promovido uma reflexão mais detida acerca dos caminhos epistemológicos da teologia no cenário contemporâneo.  Nesse sentido, o presente artigo procura explorar uma alternativa epistemológica para a teologia que não se oriente pelo raciocínio metafísico abstrato, mas pela fértil concretude dos horizontes do pensamento narrativo. Para tanto, este estudo se organiza em três partes principais. A primeira parte procura problematizar brevemente a crítica ao pensamento metafísico em diálogo com Heidegger. A segunda seção trata das possibilidades epistemológicas oferecidas pelo pensamento narrativo, privilegiando as reflexões de Ricoeur. Finalmente, essas possibilidades serão colocadas em uma perspectiva teológica mais ampla, por meio da observação de traços de uma epistemologia narrativa na teologia de Robert Krieg. Em síntese, o artigo sugere que uma articulação epistemológica da teologia que privilegie o pensamento narrativo por meio da polifonia da linguagem bíblica se apresenta como um caminho promissor para se pensar Deus.
Os lugares da cidade em Hotel Siesta e o trânsito metafórico de Feliciano De Mira
Authors: Da Silva Wellington Amâncio
Published: January 2019

Este ensaio objetiva descrever e analisar o conteúdo documental, artístico e literário do livro “Hotel Siesta”, de Feliciano de Mira. Esta obra tem uma cronologia e uma espacialidade próprias, aludindo às viagens intercontinentais, sem formalmente possuir o caráter de “diário de viagem”, porque as narrativas ornam-se de excursões oníricas, poéticas, imagéticas, mnemônicas e pictóricas – para não falar nas diversas outras concretizações estilísticas, fruto do entrecruzamento constante das demais categorias literárias, narrativas e epistolares.
Matilde Serao e A Conquista de Roma
Authors: Dalla Bona Fabiano
Published: January 2019

Partindo do conceito de cidade-capital de Solà-Morales (2002) este artigo traz uma leitura das transformações sofridas pela cidade de Roma após ter sido proclamada capital da Itália em 1870, na visão da escritora e jornalista Matilde Serao no romance La conquista di Roma (A conquista de Roma) publicado em 1885. Entre outras coisas ela critica o processo de modernização da cidade que, em favor de uma equiparação às demais capitais europeias da época, sacrificava seu passado histórico e artístico para se adaptar às exigências de seu novo status. O protagonista do romance, em flâneurie pelas ruas da cidade, observa sua paisagem e descreve sua inquietação ao se adaptar à nova vida na metrópole.
Who is involved in cyberbullying? Latent class analysis of cyberbullying roles and their associations with aggression, self-esteem, and empathy
Authors: Schultze-Krumbholz Anja , Hess Markus , Pfetsch Jan , Scheithauer Herbert
Published: January 2019

The present analyses empirically explored the roles in cyberbullying by using Latent Class Analysis. Potential predictors of class membership were also examined using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Participants were 849 German students (52.7% girls, 45.6% boys, Mage = 13.4 years, SDage = 1.1 years). Observed indicators of latent class measured own involvement in cyberbullying, reactions to cyberbullying of classmates, and behavioral willingness as assistant and as defender. Indicators for the post-hoc regression analyses were proactive aggression, reactive aggression, self-esteem, cognitive, and affective empathy. Control variables were age and gender. A model with five classes was chosen. The classes were labeled prosocial defenders, communicating outsiders, aggressive defenders, bully-victims, and assistants. The results of the post-hoc regression analyses showed that students in the classes especially differed regarding types of aggression and social competencies. Based on answer patterns, cyberbullying roles beyond the bullying-triad can be found. Remarkably, three of the classes are bystanders, i.e. they are not directly involved in cyberbullying. Two of these classes showed helping behavior and made up almost two thirds of the sample. Knowledge about cyberbullying roles and their predictors is important to inform the planning and development of interventions. The results further indicate that interventions should especially take into account antisocial and passive behavioral patterns in the context of cyberbullying.
Joining the clash or refusing to bash? Bystanders reactions to online celebrity bashing
Authors: Ouvrein Gaëlle , De Backer Charlotte J.S. , Vandebosch Heidi
Published: January 2019

Researchers, in studies of online news-site commenting, have found a huge number of aggressive comments and have indicated that such comments should be interpreted within the discussion context that other bystanders, such as journalists and other readers, have created. In this study, we aimed to offer insights into bystanders’ reactions to negative news articles and other bystanders’ aggressive comments in the specific context of celebrity news. Therefore, we subjected Flemish celebrity-news articles (N = 69) and the Facebook reactions (N = 5,529) to those articles to a content analysis. First, using a quantitative content analysis, we coded each comment as having a negative, neutral, or positive tone. Next, we conducted a qualitative content analysis, which consisted of a vertical coding phase and a horizontal coding phase, so as to investigate the comments’ content in more depth and to determine which elements resulted in some comments’ negative and even aggressive tone. The results indicate that most readers’ reactions stayed on topic, thus merely contributing to the negative atmosphere that the journalist had already created. However, unlike the journalists, who tended to express their emotions rather subtly, the readers reacted using extreme aggressive language. Furthermore, although these aggressive reader reactions generally seemed to set an aggressive tone for future reactions, some readers broke this aggressive cycle and explicitly disapproved of the aggressive expressions.
Internet Reviews
Authors: Roberts Joni R. , Drost Carol A.
Published: January 2019

Freedom to MarryModernist Journals ProjectPrison Policy Initiative
Ultrasonographic evaluation of mandibular elevator muscles to assess effects of attrition-type tooth wear on masticatory function
Authors: GÖLLER BULUT Duygu , ÖZCAN Gözde , AVCI Fatma
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Occlusal alterations may result in changes in the functional performance of masticatory muscles. This study was planned to evaluate mandibular elevator muscles of patients with dental attrition by using ultrasonography (USG).

Methods: 30 physiologically dental attrition subjects, aged 35–65 years, were clinically examined by tooth wear index (TWI). Patient group (TWI scores of 2–4) and age-matched controls (TWI scores of 0–1) underwent ultrasonographic analysis to assess the thickness of anterior temporalis, superficial masseter muscles, bilaterally, during clench and rest positions.

Results: The mean thickness of masseter and temporal muscles for rest and clench positions and the ratio between thickness of clench and rest position (C/R) were evaluated. Muscle thickness had a higher mean value in the tooth wear group. However, the only significant differences were in the C/R ratio for left side of masseter (p=0.04) and temporal muscles (p=0.03). Although, there was a negative correlation between TWI scores and the muscle C/R ratio for the tooth wear group. A significant positive correlation was found between age and TWI in both groups.

Conclusion: The contraction capacity of the chewing muscles and the attrition mutually interact. This study showed an associate on between the severity of occlusal tooth wear and the C/R of chewing muscles. Although dental attrition can occur due to increased jaw muscle activation, and it can also cause a reduction in the contraction capacity of mandibular elevator muscles.
Radiographic Investigation of The Relationship Between Dental Malocclusions And Dental Anomalies on the Turkish Population
Authors: Uğur Aydın Zeliha , KORKMAZ Yasemin Nur , SARIOĞLU Burak
Published: December 2018

Objectives:
The aim of this
study was to investigate the relationship between various dental anomalies and
dental malocclusions/vertical growth patterns.

Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on panoramic radiographs of
756 patients with a mean age of 15.46 ± 4.52 years. 64.6% (n = 488) of the
total patients were female and 35.4% (n = 268) were male. The panoramic
radiographs of the patients were detected for the following dental anomalies:
supernumerary tooth, agenesis, transposition, microdontia, dileseration and
taurodontism. The obtained data were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher exact
tests at a significance level of 5%.

Results: Impaction (14.4%) and microdontia (8.5%) were the
most common anomalies.The prevalence of dental anomalies were the highest in
skeletal Class II malocclusion (9.9%) and hypodivergent (11.6%) growth pattern
(p˂0.05).

Conclusion:The presence of an association between skeletal malocclusion/vertical
growth pattern and dental anomalies was observed for tooth agenesis, impaction,
transposition and taurodontism. Supernumerary tooth, microdontia and
dilaceration were not significantly different among malocclusion groups.
Effects of size and operating mode of sonically oscillating files on irrigant extrusion
Authors: Küçükkaya Eren Selen , Keleş Ahmet , Uyanık Özgür , Tuncel Behram , Nagaş Emre
Published: December 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to
evaluate the effects of size and oscillation frequency of sonic tips on
irrigant extrusion during activation.

Materials and Methods: Twenty artificial maxillary molar tooth
models were used in this study. The palatinal canal of each model was
prepared up to final apical size of #40. Each specimen was mounted
on a glass vial filled with saline solution to simulate a periapical lesion.
The mean initial weights were measured using an
analytical balance with 10-5 g accuracy. Then, a series of
irrigations were conducted according to the size (15/.02, 25/.04, 35/.04) and
operating mode/speed (low, medium, high) of the sonic tips. In control group, the irrigant was delivered by
placing the needle tip at the access cavosurface, without the insertion and
activation of the sonic
tip. The mean weights of apically extruded irrigant were calculated by
subtracting the mean initial weights from the final weights of test apparatus.
Data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Siegel Castellan
tests.

Results: The use of
15/.02 tips resulted in higher irrigant extrusion than the control only
at high speed while the 35/.04 tips only at
low speed (p < 0.05). The 25/.04 tips
presented higher extrusion than the control with all operating modes (p <
0.05). At high speed mode, both the 15/.02 and
25/.04 tips were associated with higher
irrigant extrusion than the 35/.04 tips (p <
0.05).

Conclusions: Both the size and oscillation frequency
of the sonic tips had significant effects on extrusion during sonically
activated irrigation.
Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Tooth Color in Children with Mixed Dentition
Authors: ÖZALP Şerife , VESKE Şeyma Eslem
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Objective In this study, the aim is to evaluate the shade of colors of the permanent maxillary central incisor, deciduous canine, deciduous first molar, deciduous second molar and permanent first molar teeth in individuals in mixed dentition stage using Vita Classic and Vitapan 3D Master scale, according to the L*, a*, b* color system.  Materials and Methods  Our study was performed on a total of 57 child patients between 7-12 years old. Color shade measurements were performed using VITA Easyshade Compact (Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany) spectrophotometry device; and CIE L*, a*, b* values according the Vita Classic and Vitapan 3D Master scale were recorded. Results In light of the obtained data, it was found that the L* value of the permanent first molar was the lowest, the L* value of the deciduous canine was the highest (p<0.001). The a* value of the central incisor was the lowest, whereas the a* value of the permanent first molar was the highest (p<0.001). According to the data, when the b* values were compared, a statistically significant difference was detected only between the central incisor and deciduous first molar teeth (p=0.005).                      Conclusion It was found that in individuals at the mixed dentition stage, according to the Vita Classic scale, B2 tones were found more frequently in permanent teeth   whereas A2 tones were more common in the deciduous teeth. C2 and D3 tones were not detected in both groups.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Regarding Behavior Guidance Techniques for Managing Child Patients
Authors: KESKİNRÜZGAR Aydın , ÖZCAN KÜÇÜK Ayşe , DELİKAN Ebru
Published: December 2018

Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of oral and maxillofacial surgeons regarding behavior guidance techniques that reduced fear and anxiety for children. Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, the participants were oral and maxillofacial surgeons who treat pediatric dental patients in the private and public clinics in Turkey. The questionnaires were applied through an electronic form via a website. The results were evaluated using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 for statistical analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.Results:60% of the participants were specialist trainees, 9% were doctoral students, 16% were oral and maxillofacial surgeons and 15% were lecturers in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of various universities. 45% of the oral and maxillofacial surgeons said they could always take responsibility of working on a pediatric patient, while 33% of them stated that they frequently treated child patients, and 22% of them sometimes took this responsibility. 55% of the participants said they had been trained in behavior guidance techniques for children. The result showed that 93% of the surgeons used tell-show-do, 69% used voice control, 27% used nonverbal communication, 73% used positive reinforcement, 61% utilized distraction techniques, 59% used presence-absence of parents, 15% used hand-over-mouth, 36% used sedation, 36% used restrain/protective stabilization, 46% used general anesthesia, and 2% had used hypnosis method.Conclusions:This study showed that the oral and maxillofacial surgeons working in public and private clinics have a high awareness of behavior guidance techniques while the level of this awareness varies among surgeons according to age, gender, workplace, work experience, and training.
The Plaque Removal Effectiveness of Powered and Manual Tooth Brush in Children: A Pilot Study
Authors: DURHAN Muesser Ahu , ULUAKAY Merve , KARGUL Betul
Published: December 2018

Objective: Aim of this study was to compare the plaque-reducing
effectiveness of powered and manual tooth brushing in a small group of
children.Materials
and Methods: Ten children aged
between 7 to 10 years old were included the study. Each child firstly used
manual tooth brush (ORAL B Stages for children). After two weeks children were
asked to use powered tooth brush (ORAL-B TRIUMPH
5000 SMART GUIDE) for two weeks. Turesky
modification of the Quigley and Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI) and Approximal Plaque Index (API) scores
were recorded every two weeks. Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were
used for comparison the jaws and powered brush /manual brush. Significance at p
<0.05 were considered.Results: The whole mouth TQHPI and API were significantly
different at after Powered Tooth brushing (p=0,005, p= 0,012). Statistics determined the most
significant  relationship was
observed  between baseline-post powered
brushing and between manual-powered brushing in both TQHPI and API values
(p=0.008**,p=0.005**,p=0.018*,p=0.012*). Conclusion: Considering the results
of the pilot study; it shows that it is more effective in removing dental
plaque in both automatic and manual tooth brushing. Therefore, powered tooth brush can also be recommended
for children to increase the oral health.
To Protect or Not to Protect: Finnish Translators’ Perceptions on Translator Status and Authorisation
Authors: Ruokonen Minna
Published: December 2018

In most countries, there are no restrictions on who is allowed to work as a translator, apart from the context of legally valid or authorised translations. Nevertheless, the significance of authorisation for translator status has hardly been studied, apart from Dam/Zethsen (2009, 2010). This article investigates how authorisation affects Finnish translators’ status perceptions, and whether they believe that the profession should be protected further, and if so, how and why. The data come from a survey conducted in 2014 with 450 respondents (business, literary and audio-visual translators), based on Dam/Zethsen’s questionnaires and expanded and adapted for the Finnish context. The analysis is partly quantitative and statistical, partly a qualitative thematic analysis of the respondents’ open comments. Statistically, authorisation produced no significant differences in the respondents’ status perceptions. Similarly, in open questions on factors affecting translator status and measures that should be taken, few respondents mentioned authorisation or other professional boundaries. Nevertheless, when asked whether the profession should be protected, almost 60% of the respondents, particularly business translators who had attended translator training, advocated some form of protection, although they also emphasised that there should be flexibility to allow for translators with different backgrounds. The respondents were also more prone to call for protection if they held authorisation themselves, which may suggest that they feel authorisation does carry some value.
Regarding Symbolic Capital: Poetry Translators from Modern Greek into English
Authors: Georgiou Nadia
Published: December 2018

The research object of this study is the symbolic capital of poetry translators and how it shapes and is being shaped by the current practices and self-descriptions of translators of Modern Greek poetry into English. A number of case studies indicate that people who translate poetry come from a variety of backgrounds, including those of a poet and an academic, which often do not include any formal translation training (Hofstadter 1997; Waldinger 2003; Bullock 2011; Isaxanli 2014). It also appears to be common that translators of poetry have a number of complementary roles, with that of ‘poetry translator’ not always central. The study draws on data consisting of Modern Greek into English poetry translators’ responses to a survey, of paratexts created by Modern Greek into English translators and of ten interviews. Cultural and educational capitals are examined in their institutionalized, objectified and embodied form as bearers of symbolic capital. Three overlapping categories are explored: the translators’ connection to poetry and the source culture, translator education and translator self-description. The translators’ “extratextual visibility” (Koskinen 2000 as cited in Chesterman 2018: 446) is also analyzed as it forms part of the translators’ embodied cultural and symbolic capital. This empirical exploration offers insights into the variety of attitudes and approaches to poetry translation; the emerging patterns map out profiles of a group of contemporary poetry translators, investigate the realities of the craft and re-position poetry translation practitioners with respect to other translation professionals.
Translator Profile in the Discourse around Translation: Promotion and Reception of the English Translations of the Fiction of Bruno Schulz
Authors: Ziemann Zofia
Published: December 2018

The paper discusses the role of (perceived) translator profile in the current promotion and reception of three competing English translations of fiction by the modernist Polish-Jewish author Bruno Schulz (1892–1942): Celina Wieniewska’s 1963/1978 canonical version, John Curran Davis’s ca. 2005–2010 online fan retranslation, and Madeline Levine’s retranslation, publicized since 2012 and forthcoming in 2018. Based on a para- and extratextual analysis of the discourse around these versions, combined with archive research into translator history, it explores the ways in which the translator’s profile is used to promote the translation and develop or support opinions about it. Wieniewska’s personal background, difficult to access due to the invisibility of the ‘historical’ translator, has been ignored by readers and critics, even though it would help understand her choice of translation strategy and thus make the recent criticism of her translation more informed. Conversely, in the case of Davis and Levine, not only are the retranslators visible to the extent that they actively promote their work themselves, but also judgments are passed, boundaries drawn and distinctions made based on their profiles rather than their performance: their work has been assessed to a large extent without reference to their actual translation choices. The retranslators’ lives – educational background, affiliation, professional experience – all turn out to play a major role in the critical discourse around their work, replacing the reading or, in the extreme case of Levine’s yet unpublished translation, even the very existence of the translated text.
Kampf der Kulturbegriffe? Eine Fallstudie zum wissenschaftlichen Schreiben über „Kultur“ im BA-Studium „Transkulturelle Kommunikation“
Authors: Dengscherz Sabine
Published: December 2018

Der Umgang mit dem Begriff „Kultur“ und den Konzepten, auf die sich der Begriff bezieht, stellt hohe heuristische und rhetorische Anforderungen an Studierende der Translationswissenschaft. „Kultur“ wird im Fachdiskurs auf unterschiedliche, teilweise widersprüchliche Konzepte bezogen. In Seminararbeiten fällt es Studierenden oft schwer, sich nachhaltig von homogenisierenden, nationalisierenden Kulturkonzepten zu emanzipieren, selbst wenn der thematische Fokus der Arbeit genau dies nahelegen würde.

In meinem Beitrag werde ich dieses Phänomen anhand der ersten Fassung einer BA-Arbeit aus dem Seminar Transkulturelle Kommunikation (WS 2017/18) analysieren. Dabei wird das Problem des Umgangs mit dem Begriff „Kultur“ aus verschiedenen Perspektiven beleuchtet werden: Einerseits werden Anforderungen und Herausforderungen im Umgang mit dem Begriff „Kultur“ auf einer inhaltlich-begrifflichen Ebene analysiert, andererseits im Hinblick auf die Schreibentwicklung im wissenschaftlichen Schreiben im Studium.

Die Analyse zeigt, wie durch einen undifferenzierten Umgang mit dem Begriff „Kultur“ Vorannahmen in die BA-Arbeit hineingetragen werden, die einerseits in der theoretischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema und andererseits vor allem auch in der Entwicklung eines Fragebogens zu gravierenden Problemen führen. Es wird argumentiert, dass es demnach eine wichtige Aufgabe der Translationsdidaktik ist, Studierende in der Aneignung differenzierter Kulturkonzepte zu unterstützen.
Terms in Popular Science Communication: The Case of TV Documentaries
Authors: Jaki Sylvia
Published: December 2018

Science documentaries on television aim to provide easy and entertaining access to research findings. To do so, producers need to know how to explain complex content for non-expert audiences in a comprehensible way. At the same time, they have to decide what aspects of a subject might be relevant for viewers, or how the subject matter could be rendered more interesting by employing strategies such as personalisation or emotionalisation. One specific decision concerns the use of terms. Both existing research and journalistic handbooks suggest that terms should be or are, in fact, avoided in popular science contexts. However, there is only little empirical research on the topic. This contribution seeks to test several pre-existing hypotheses on terms in documentaries for adults and show how often terms are used and whether/how they are explained when they appear. Examining terms in four English and four German science documentaries, the analysis points out which communicative resources are used to facilitate the comprehension of terms, and where an explanation seems to focus primarily on entertainment rather than ease of comprehension. The results challenge some of the previous views on terms in popular science communication and reveal that documentaries display highly idiosyncratic strategies when it comes to the use of terms.
Proponiendo usos:
Authors: Sandoval Luis Ricardo
Published: January 2019

El análisis de la apropiación de tecnologías implica considerar varias facetas o momentos de un proceso complejo. Este artículo, derivado de una investigación más amplia, se aboca al análisis de las estrategias publicitarias de las operadoras de telefonía móvil mayoritarias en Argentina ya que se entiende a la apropiación como un proceso en el que existen –por parte de los usuarios– ciertos aprendizajes, y se asume que en ellos confluyen, aunque no de una manera exclusiva, los textos mediáticos.
Para realizar esta indagación se constituyó un corpus de spots televisivos de las principales operadoras de telefonía móvil en Argentina, en el período 1989-2015, quedando conformada la muestra por un total de 258 piezas que fueron sometidas a un análisis de contenido temático, a partir de una matriz delimitada en base a criterios teóricos. En el presente trabajo se exponen los resultados del análisis de las variables relativas al tipo de uso a la finalidad del mismo.
Desde la perspectiva que sustenta este trabajo, el análisis de los imaginarios que pone en circulación la publicidad es una vía útil para comprender mejor, y dimensionar de manera más precisa, el proceso de apropiación de esta tecnología.
El Storyworld en la narrativa de los Juegos Documentales Interactivos:
Authors: Marcos Molano Mar , Romero Chamorro Sergio Fabián , Santorum González Michael
Published: January 2019

Storyworld, mundo o universo narrativo, es un concepto que, si bien puede rastrearse en el desarrollo de estudios narratológicos estructuralistas y postestructuralistas, se despliega plenamente y adquiere su especificidad con el advenimiento de la narrativa transmedia. El desarrollo de modelos que conciben el espacio como lugar cardinal donde establecer relaciones esenciales entre elementos narrativos, se relaciona con los cambios operados en el rol del espectador, que deviene usuario-jugador, gracias al desarrollo de narrativas laberínticas. Revalorizar los “trayectos” narrativos posibilitando al usuario el acceso a ese mundo, realizar recorridos uni o multiplataforma o transitar las tramas, resultan fundamentales para entender en toda su magnitud los fenómenos de expansión narrativa y de storyworld. En este contexto situamos el juego documental “Fort McMoney” donde la exploración flexible del conjunto de segmentos documentales que lo componen, lo acerca a una narración emergente y caleidoscópica embriagada de mímesis, provocando en el espectador la fascinación ante la sensación de la exploración infinita de un mundo real.
La competencia mediática en el profesorado universitario. Validación de un instrumento de evaluación
Authors: Pérez-Escoda Ana , García-Ruiz Rosa , Aguaded-Gómez Ignacio
Published: January 2019

Media literacy of university teachers is a challenge of the current society, to achieve the critical education of the citizens. We present the process of design and validation of a questionnaire to know their level of media literacy. The analysis of validity and reliability of the instrument was carried out in two different stages to guarantee the consistency of the instrument: validation by Delphi method and by psychometric analysis from an international pilot simple of 260 university teachers. The result is an eight-dimensional questionnaire. The validation data and analysis by dimensions show a consistent tool for the collection of information in a changing knowledge field that needs instruments, making a valuable contribution for media literacy research.
Introspección reflexiva del estudiante sobre su experiencia en másteres internacionales
Authors: Gallarza Martina G. , Fayos Gardó Teresa , Fontana Vinat María , Derqui Zaragozá Belén
Published: January 2019

Value co-creation is becoming a mainstream in higher education, as a progress within the ‘Students as Customer’ approach. Furthermore, the development of qualitative studies through reflective methods from students can help instructors and managers. The aim of this research is to explore with the aid of a CAQDAS, 30 students’ reflective statements in two master programs. Findings are presented in terms of value dimensions: functional, emotional and social, and in terms of positive (benefits) and negative (cost) aspects of the experience. The usefulness of introspective methodologies from students is shown in the evaluation of the multidimensional and intercultural educational experience.
Factores organizacionales que inciden en la mejora de la empleabilidad de las Empresas de Inserción
Authors: Martínez Rueda Natxo , Aróstegui Barandica Igone , Galarreta Lasa Javier
Published: January 2019

En este artículo se presentan los principales resultados de un estudio exploratorio sobre los factores organizacionales que inciden en la empleabilidad de las Empresas de Inserción (EI). A pesar de que la comprensión actual de empleabilidad remite tanto a factores individuales como contextuales, son escasos los trabajos que tratan de identificar y evaluar dichos factores contextuales en las Empresas de Inserción. El estudio parte de una revisión de la literatura sobre las características y aportaciones de las EI y el concepto actual de empleabilidad, proponiendo un modelo teórico en el que se recogen tanto los factores individuales como contextuales de la empleabilidad en las EI. Tomando como referencia el modelo, se elabora un instrumento que analiza los factores contextuales-organizacionales en las EI, el Cuestionario de Factores Organizacionales de Empleabilidad (CUFEE), con el que se recoge la información sobre 32 Empresas de Inserción en España. Se presenta el diseño y fases de elaboración de la escala y sus características métricas. Los resultados del estudio permiten señalar algunas fortalezas de las EI que se relacionan con su funcionamiento, mientras que sus debilidades se asocian a las relaciones y conexiones con el mercado de trabajo. Asimismo, los resultados identifican aquellos factores e indicadores que se relacionan con las tasas de inserción.
Educación para una ciudadanía comprometida en la enseñanza de las Ciencias Sociales: ¿Qué piensa el alumnado de un profesor innovador sobre su aprendizaje?
Authors: Lucas Palacios Laura , Delgado-Algarra Emilio José
Published: January 2019

En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación que se enmarca en la tesis doctoral “la enseñanza de educación para la ciudadanía a partir de la educación patrimonial en las clases de Ciencias Sociales: un estudio de caso”; centrándonos en los bloques del sistema de categorías vinculados con «qué se enseña» sobre educación para la ciudadanía en las clases de Ciencias Sociales en el contexto de la Educación Secundaria. Para ello, con el apoyo del programa de análisis cualitativo ATLAS.ti, se lleva a cabo una categorización de las informaciones transcritas de la entrevista de concepciones del docente, del registro de audio sobre el desarrollo de las clases, de los grupos de discusión discente y de la entrevista final de reflexión docente. El caso de estudio muestra un docente comprometido con las problemáticas sociales actuales, que busca que su alumnado pueda desarrollar un pensamiento crítico que le lleve a comprometerse y participar en su realidad.