bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs; easy and potent targets in optimizing therapeutic methods in reparative angiogenesis
Authors: Pourrajab Fatemeh , Vakili Zarch Abbas , Hekmatimoghaddam Seyedhossein , Zare‐Khormizi Mohamad Reza
Published: September 2015

The age‐related senescence of adult tissues is associated with the decreased level of angiogenic capability and with the development of a degenerative disease such as atherosclerosis which thereafter result in the deteriorating function of multiple systems. Findings indicate that tissue senescence not only diminishes repair processes but also promotes atherogenesis, serving as a double‐edged sword in the development and prognosis of ischaemia‐associated diseases. Evidence evokes microRNAs (miRNAs) as molecular switchers that underlie cellular events in different tissues. Here, miRNAs would promote new potential targets for optimizing therapeutic methods in blood flow recovery to the ischaemic area. Effectively beginning an ischaemia therapy, a more characteristic of miRNAchanges in adult tissues is prerequisite and in the forefront. It may also be a preliminary phase in treatment strategies by stem cell‐based therapy.
In vitro expression of cytokeratin 18, 19 and tube formation of adipose‐derived stem cells induced by the breast epithelial cell line HBL‐100
Authors: Yang Jie , Xiong Lingyun , Wang Rongrong , Yuan Quan , Xia Yun , Sun Jiaming , Horch Raymund E.
Published: September 2015

Fat transplantation is increasingly used in breast augmentation; and recently, the issue of safety concerns from a cellular and molecular point of view has been raised. In this study, attentions were paid to the interaction between adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC) and mammary epithelial cells: human breast cancer cell line ‐ 100 (HBL ‐ 100) cells were used to simulate the normal microenvironment in breast tissue, ADSCs were harvest from human and co‐cultured with HBL‐100 cells. It was found that ADSCs formed tube‐like structures in the co‐culture with HBL‐100 cells in contrast to the normal morphology of ADSCs in the control group. In addition, the immunofluorescence imaging showed that cytokeratin 18 and 19 (CK18 and 19) were significantly expressed in ADSCs after the co‐culture with HBL‐100 cells. The ultrastructure of those ADSCs also showed epithelial changes. In conclusion, ADSCs are not biological stable when co‐cultured with HBL‐100 cells. They differentiate into epithelial‐like cells with the expression of epithelial surface marks (CK 18, 19) and form tube‐like structures. This may offer an important evidence for the further study of clinical application of transplanting ADSCs rich adipose tissue into the breast in the future.
Brimonidine gel 0.33% rapidly improves patient‐reported outcomes by controlling facial erythema of rosacea: a randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled study
Authors: Layton A.M. , Schaller M. , Homey B. , Hofmann M.A. , Bewley A.P. , Lehmann P. , Nohlgård C. , Sarwer D.B. , Kerrouche N. , Ma Y.M.
Published: September 2015

Background

Facial redness contributes to impaired psychosocial functioning in rosacea patients and the only approved treatment for erythema is topical brimonidine gel 0.33%.

Objectives

To evaluate patient‐reported outcomes, as well as efficacy and safety, in subjects with self‐perceived severe erythema treated with brimonidine gel 0.33% compared to vehicle.

Methods

An 8‐day multicenter, randomized study comparing once‐daily brimonidine gel 0.33% with vehicle gel using a facial redness questionnaire, subject satisfaction questionnaire and a patient diary of facial redness control to assess patient‐reported outcomes.

Results

Of the 92 included subjects with self‐perceived severe erythema, very few were satisfied with their appearance at baseline (4.2% brimonidine group, 0 vehicle group). On Day 8, significantly more brimonidine group subjects were satisfied with their facial appearance compared to vehicle group (36.9% vs. 21.5%; P < 0.05), with the overall treatment effect (69.6% vs. 40.4%; P < 0.01), and with the improvement in their facial redness (67.4% vs. 33.3%; P < 0.001). More brimonidine group subjects were able to control their facial redness daily (e.g. 83.0% vs. 38.9% on Day 1). On Day 8, significantly more brimonidine group subjects than vehicle group had at least a one‐grade improvement from baseline in the Clinician Erythema Assessment score (71.7% vs. 35.7%; P = 0.0011) and Patient Self‐Assessment score (76.1% vs. 47.6%; P = 0.004). More subjects in the brimonidine group (29.2%) reported treatment‐related adverse events than in the vehicle group (15.9%) but most were mild and transient.

Conclusions

Once‐daily brimonidine gel 0.33% allowed patients to rapidly control their facial redness and significantly improved patient‐reported outcomes in the treatment of persistent facial erythema of rosacea.
Benzodiazepine Prescribing in Older Adults in U.S. Ambulatory Clinics and Emergency Departments (2001–10)
Authors: Marra Erin M. , Mazer‐Amirshahi Maryann , Brooks Gillian , van den Anker John , May Larissa , Pines Jesse M.
Published: September 2015

Objectives

To assess trends in benzodiazepine use from 2001 to 2010 in older adults in U.S. ambulatory clinics and emergency departments (EDs).

Design

Retrospective analysis.

Setting

2001 to 2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS).

Participants

Individuals aged 65 and older for whom the reason for visit might prompt a physician to use a benzodiazepine (e.g., anxiety, detoxification, back sprain).

Measurements

The NAMCS and NHAMCS were used to evaluate U.S. ambulatory clinic and ED visits. Encounters involving individuals aged 65 and older for whom a benzodiazepine might be prescribed were analyzed. Trends in benzodiazepine use in these visits were explored, and predictors of use were assessed using survey‐weighted chi‐square tests and logistic regression.

Results

From 2001 to 2010, benzodiazepines were used in 16.6 million of 133.3 million ambulatory clinic visits and 1.9 million of 18.1 million ED visits with the selected reasons for the visits. There was no change in benzodiazepine use in either setting over the study period, although benzodiazepine use for those aged 85 and older increased from 8.9% to 19.3% in ambulatory clinics and 10.1% to 17.2% in EDs. Individuals visiting clinics with anxiety were five times as likely to receive benzodiazepines (odds ratio (OR) = 4.8), and those in EDs were twice as likely (OR = 2.3).

Conclusion

Despite safety concerns, benzodiazepine use in older adults in U.S. ambulatory clinics and EDs did not change from 2001 to 2010. In the oldest individuals, who are at higher risk of adverse events, a greater increase was seen than in those aged 65 to 84. Additional measures may be needed to promote alternatives to benzodiazepines.
Credit Availability and the Collapse of the Banking Sector in the 1930s
Authors: CARLSON MARK , ROSE JONATHAN D.
Published: September 2015

This paper examines the mechanism through which banking sector distress affects the availability of credit using the experience of the United States during the Great Depression. We utilize previously neglected data from a 1934 survey conducted by the Federal Reserve System of both banks and Chambers of Commerce regarding the availability of credit, and examine which aspects of the banking system collapse affected credit availability as indicated by the survey. We find that bank failures had the most dominant impact, but there is also some evidence for the importance of funding constraints from deposit outflows and of protracted bank liquidation.
Are Market‐Based Measures of Global Systemic Importance of Financial Institutions Useful to Regulators and Supervisors?
Authors: ZHANG QI , VALLASCAS FRANCESCO , KEASEY KEVIN , CAI CHARLIE X.
Published: September 2015

We analyze whether four market‐based measures of the global systemic importance of financial institutions offer early warning signals during three financial crises. The tests based on the 2007–2008 crisis show that only one measure (∆CoVaR) consistently adds predictive power to conventional early warning models. However, the additional predictive power remains small and it is not normally confirmed for the Asian and the 1998 crises. We conclude that it is problematic to identify a market‐based measure of systemic importance that remains valid across crises with different features. The same criticism also applies to several conventional proxies of systemic importance, of which size is the most consistent performer.
Work‐related factors, job satisfaction and intent to leave the current job among United States nurses
Authors: Han Kihye , Trinkoff Alison M , Gurses Ayse P
Published: September 2015

Aims and objectives

To examine the relationships of work‐related factors (e.g. autonomy, work schedule, supervisory and peer support) to nurses' job satisfaction and intent to leave their current position.

Background

Low job satisfaction and high turnover of nurses are major problems for health care. To improve nurse retention, work‐related factors associated with job satisfaction and intent to leave should be investigated.

Design

A cross‐sectional secondary data analysis.

Methods

Data were obtained in 2004 from Wave 3 of the Nurses' Worklife and Health Study. A random sample of 5000 actively licenced nurses in Illinois and North Carolina (two US states) were sent the survey in wave 1, of which 1641 actively working bedside nurses participated in wave 3. We examined associations of various work‐related factors with job satisfaction and intent to leave the current position.

Results

Nurses who were dissatisfied with their job reported significantly higher psychological demands and lower autonomy than nurses who were satisfied. Nurses were significantly less satisfied with their jobs when they worked longer hours with inadequate breaks or sick days. Lack of support from peers and supervisors was also related to significantly lower odds of job satisfaction. For intention to leave, nurses who said they planned to leave their current job reported significantly lower autonomy and less support from their peers than nurses who intended to stay.

Conclusion

A variety of modifiable work‐related factors were significantly related to job satisfaction and intention to leave the current job among nurses. Future research should focus on developing interventions that could mitigate these factors (e.g. by improving work schedules, increasing autonomy and/or nurse support). The impact of such interventions on job satisfaction and intention to leave the current position could then be evaluated.

Relevance to clinical practice

To increase nurse retention, improved schedules, autonomy and supportive work environments should be promoted.
Six‐Year Survival of a Mini Dental Implant‐Retained Overdenture in a Child with Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Kilic Serdar , Altintas Subutay Han , Yilmaz Altintas Nuray , Ozkaynak Ozkan , Bayram Mehmet , Kusgoz Adem , Taskesen Fatih
Published: September 2015

Patients with ectodermal dysplasia (ED) experience several problems caused by abnormal development and functioning of the head and neck region. In addition to developmental nasal cartilage abnormalities and absence of sweat glands, hair, and eyebrows, edentulism or developmental disorders of teeth (cone‐shaped teeth) are commonly observed in these types of patients. ED is also characterized by underdeveloped alveolar ridges, a decreased occlusal vertical dimension, reduced salivary secretion, and dry oral mucosa, which make prosthetic rehabilitation difficult. Few studies of intraosseous dental implant‐retained prostheses have described adverse effects on craniofacial growth and esthetic and functional disadvantages, while some researchers have described the advantages of this treatment option as an alternative option in these cases. Due to the associated alveolar bone deficiency, dental mini‐implant therapy may be a treatment option for these patients; however, there are isolated cases in the literature regarding the rehabilitation of ED patients with mini‐implant‐supported overdentures. This clinical report describes the rehabilitation of a 6‐year‐old child with ED using a maxillary removable partial prosthesis and a mini‐implant‐retained mandibular overdenture. The clinical and radiographic findings of this prosthetic rehabilitation during the 6‐year follow‐up are also presented.
Strains Around Abutment Teeth with Different Attachments Used for Implant‐Assisted Distal Extension Partial Overdentures: An In Vitro Study
Authors: ELsyad Moustafa Abdou , Omran Abdelbaset Omar , Fouad Mohammed Mohammed
Published: September 2015

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare strain around abutment teeth with different attachments used for implant‐assisted distal extension partial overdentures (IADEPODs).

Materials and Methods

A mandibular Kennedy class I acrylic model (remaining teeth from first premolar to first premolar) was constructed. A conventional partial denture was constructed over the model (control, group 1). Two laboratory implants were then placed bilaterally in the first molar areas parallel to each other and perpendicular to the residual ridge. Three additional experimental partial overdentures (PODs) were constructed and connected to the implants using ball (group 2), magnetic (group 3), and Locator (group 4) attachments. Three linear strain gauges were bonded buccal, lingual, and distal to the first premolar abutment tooth at the right (loading) and the left (nonloading) sides. For each group, a universal testing device was used to apply a unilateral vertical static load (50 N) on the first molar area, and the strain was recorded using a multichannel digital strainometer.

Results

Significant differences between groups and between sites of strain gauges were detected. Strains recorded for all groups were compressive (negative) in nature. Group 1 demonstrated the highest strain, followed by group 3 and group 4; group 2 recorded the lowest strain. For group 2, the highest strain was recoded at the lingual nonloading side. For group 1, group 3, and group 4, the highest strain was recorded at the buccal loading side.

Conclusion

Within the limitation of the present study, ball attachments used to retain IADEPODs to the implants were associated with lower strains around abutment teeth than Locator and magnetic attachments. The highest strain was recorded with conventional partial dentures.
PATIENTS EXPERIENCES OF INVOLVEMENT IN CHOICE OF DIALYSIS MODE
Authors: Erlang Anne S. , Nielsen Ida H. , Hansen Helle O.B. , Finderup Jeanette
Published: September 2015

Background

International guidelines recommend that patients choose dialysis mode based on their own values and preferences; thus, involvement is needed in dialysis choice. A literature review indicated a lack of knowledge concerning patient involvement in decision‐making, especially concerning patients’ experiences of the decision‐making process just after making the decision and before starting dialysis.

Objectives

To gather information about how patients experienced involvement in the decision‐making process of renal substation therapy just after they have made the decision and before starting dialysis.

Methods

A qualitative method with a phenomenological and hermeneutic approach. The study was based on individual semi‐structured interviews with nine adult patients with chronic kidney disease. A data‐driven analysis based on systematic text condensation was used.

Findings

Patients are a significant part of the decision. Health care professionals contribute to the experience of being involved. Patients keep putting off the final choice.

Conclusion

The patients found themselves involved in the choice of dialysis mode and have different views on what is needed to feel being involved. Information, interaction, and advice from health care professionals affect this experience. However, the experience of not having any symptoms caused patients to put off the final choice of dialysis mode.
The linguistic sense of placement: Habitus and the entextualization of translingual practices in Swedish academia
Authors: Salö Linus
Published: September 2015

This paper adopts a Bourdieusian approach to discourse in contemporary Swedish academia. Habitus, entextualization, and translingual practice are employed as epistemological perspectives for investigating the place of Swedish in the text trajectories of two disciplines where English prevails in publishing. Data from meeting recordings, email correspondence, and interviews show that Swedish is the legitimate language throughout in the text production and that discipline‐specific Swedish is practiced so long as it encompasses all participants’ repertoires. In fact, the researchers point to an almost physical awkwardness linked to the unwarranted use of English among themselves. Following Bourdieu, it is argued that these sensibilities pertain to thelinguistic sense of placementof socialized agents and that the unease of being out of place prevents them from lapsing into what is socially perceived as unacceptable discourse in their translingual practices.
Evaluation of a school screening programme for young people from refugee backgrounds
Authors: Woodland Lisa , Kang Melissa , Elliot Christopher , Perry Astrid , Eagar Sandy , Zwi Karen
Published: September 2015

Aim

To describe the development of the Optimising Health and Learning Program, guided by the only available published framework for the delivery of health services to newly arrived refugee children and report on the evaluation of the programme.

Methods

We conducted process and impact evaluation using a mixed methods approach. The sample was 294 refugee young people enrolled in two Intensive English Centres in New South Wales. We collected quantitative data (demographic and clinical information) as well as qualitative data via focus groups, key informant interviews, surveys and programme documentation. Qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis; programme documents underwent document review.

Results

There were high levels of programme participation (90%), and the yield from routine health screening was high (80% of participants screened positive for two or more health conditions). All identified programme development strategies were implemented; programme partners and participants reported satisfaction with the programme. Sixteen programme partners were identified with a high level of intersectoral collaboration reported. Significant in‐kind contributions and seed funding enabled the uptake of the programme to increase from one to five Intensive English Centres over a 4‐year period.

Conclusion

Process and impact evaluation identified that the programme was well implemented and met its stated objectives of increasing the detection of health conditions likely to impact on student health and learning; linkage of newly arrived students and their families with primary health care; and coordination of care across primary health and specialist services.
Innocent Cardiac Murmur in Puppies: Prevalence, Correlation with Hematocrit, and Auscultation Characteristics
Authors: Szatmári V. , van Leeuwen M.W. , Teske E.
Published: September 2015

Background

The aims of this study were to establish the prevalence of innocent cardiac murmurs in clinically healthy puppies, to investigate a possible correlation between the presence of an innocent murmur and hematocrit, and to describe the auscultation characteristics of innocent murmurs.

Hypothesis

Lower hematocrit contributes to the genesis of innocent murmurs.

Animals

Five hundred and eighty‐four client‐owned clinically healthy puppies, between 20 and 108 days old.

Methods

Two cross‐sectional surveys with a 1‐year (n = 389 pups) pilot and a half‐year (n = 195 pups) principal study periods. Cardiac auscultation was performed by a single, board‐certified cardiologist. Hematocrit was measured with an automatized hematology analyzer. Echocardiography was performed only on puppies with a cardiac murmur in the principal study.

Results

In the pilot study, 15% of the dogs had a murmur. Innocent murmur was diagnosed in 28% of the 195 dogs in the principal study. Innocent murmurs were systolic, mostly with a musical character and with a maximal intensity of 2 of 6, and mostly with the point of maximal intensity in the left cardiac base. The hematocrit was significantly lower in the group with a murmur compared to the group without (P= .023).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Innocent murmur was a common finding in puppies at the age when the first veterinary controls usually take place. Physiologic anemia contributes to the genesis of innocent murmurs in puppies. Rising hematocrit in growing puppies can explain the spontaneous disappearance of innocent murmurs with aging. Hematocrit did not differentiate innocent murmurs from abnormal murmurs.
Pulmonary Vein‐to‐Pulmonary Artery Ratio is an Echocardiographic Index of Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Merveille A.‐C. , Bolen G. , Krafft E. , Roels E. , Gomart S. , Etienne A.‐L. , Clercx C. , Mc Entee K.
Published: September 2015

Background

Early recognition of left‐sided congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is important because it influences medical therapy, timing of follow‐up, and outcome.

Hypothesis

Pulmonary vein diameter‐to‐pulmonary artery diameter ratio (PV/PA) measured by echocardiography can predictCHF.

Animals

Ninety‐eight client‐owned dogs, 37 controls, and 61 dogs withDMVD.

Methods

Prospective clinical cohort study. History, physical examination and Doppler‐echocardiography were performed. Dogs were classified as International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council class I,IIorIII. Congestive heart failure was identified in a subset of 56 dogs based on radiographic findings. ThePV/PAwas measured in bidimensional (2D) and M‐mode by 2 investigators blinded to the radiologists’ conclusions.

Results

Interobserver coefficients of variation forPV/PAacquisition and measurement were <10%. ThePV/PAin control dogs was approximately 1 and increased with class of heart failure. The presence ofCHFcould be best predicted by measuringPV/PAin 2D echocardiography (cut‐off, 1.7; area under the curve, 0.98;CI, 0.97–0.98;P< .001) with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 91%.

Conclusion and clinical importance

ThePV/PAis a simple and reproducible echocardiographic variable that increases with class of heart failure and may help discriminate dogs inCHFfrom asymptomatic dogs withDMVD. Additional studies are required to determine whetherPV/PAmight provide additional information in the integrated interpretation of Doppler‐echocardiographic indices of left ventricular filling pressures and could be used for rapid assessment ofCHFin dogs in a critical care setting.
Neutrophil Gelatinase‐Associated Lipocalin in Dogs With Sepsis Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy: A Prospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Cortellini S. , Pelligand L. , Syme H. , Chang Y.M. , Adamantos S.
Published: September 2015

Background

Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an early indicator of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs and its use has not been evaluated in dogs with sepsis.

Animals

Fifteen dogs with sepsis requiring laparotomy (study dogs) and 10 dogs undergoing surgery for intervertebral disc disease (control dogs).

Objective

To determine whether NGAL increases in dogs with sepsis undergoing emergency laparotomy and whether it is correlated with development of AKI and survival.

Methods

Longitudinal study conducted at a referral teaching hospital. Serum neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (sNGAL), urinary NGAL normalized to urinary creatinine concentration (UNCR), and serum creatinine concentration were measured at 4 time points (admission, after anesthesia, and 24 and 48 hours postsurgery). Development of AKI (increase in serum creatinine concentration of 0.3 mg/dL) and in‐hospital mortality were recorded. Linear mixed‐model analysis was employed to assess differences between groups over time. Mann–Whitney U‐test was performed for comparison of continuous variables between groups and Chi square or Fisher's exact tests were used to assess correlation between discrete data.

Results

Serum NGAL and UNCR were significantly higher in study dogs across all time points (P = .007 and P < .001, respectively) compared with controls. Urinary NGAL normalized to creatinine in the study group was not significantly different between survivors (n = 12) and nonsurvivors (n = 3). Dogs that received hydroxyethyl starch had significantly higher UNCR across all time points (P = .04) than those that did not.

Discussion—Conclusion

Serum neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and UNCR are increased in dogs with sepsis requiring emergency laparotomy. Additional studies are needed to evaluate its role as a marker of AKI in this population.
Pharmacokinetics of ketorolac tromethamine in horses after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral single‐dose administration
Authors: Bianco A. W. , Constable P. D. , Cooper B. R. , Taylor S. D.
Published: September 2015

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are an integral component of equine analgesia, yet currently available NSAIDs are both limited in their analgesic efficacy and have adverse effects. The NSAID ketorolac tromethamine (KT) is widely used in humans as a potent morphine‐sparing analgesic drug but has not been fully evaluated in horses. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of KT in horses after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), and oral (p.o.) administration. Nine healthy adult horses received a single 0.5‐mg/kg dose of KT via each route of administration. Plasma was collected up to 48 h postadministration and analyzed for KT concentration using HPLC/MS/MS. Noncompartmental analysis of i.v. dosage indicated a mean plasma clearance of 8.4 (mL/min)/kg and an estimated mean volume of distribution at steady‐state of 0.77 L/kg. Noncompartmental analysis of i.v., i.m., and p.o. dosages indicated mean residence times of 2.0, 2.6, and 7.1 h, respectively. The drug was rapidly absorbed after i.m. and p.o. administration, and mean bioavailability was 71% and 57% for i.m. and p.o. administration, respectively. Adverse effects were not observed after i.v., i.m., and p.o. administration. More studies are needed to evaluate the analgesic and anti‐inflammatory properties of KT in horses.
EXPLICIT IMPLIED VOLATILITIES FOR MULTIFACTOR LOCAL‐STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY MODELS
Authors: Lorig Matthew , Pagliarani Stefano , Pascucci Andrea
Published: September 2015

We consider an asset whose risk‐neutral dynamics are described by a general class of local‐stochastic volatility models and derive a family of asymptotic expansions for European‐style option prices and implied volatilities. We also establish rigorous error estimates for these quantities. Our implied volatility expansions are explicit; they do not require any special functions nor do they require numerical integration. To illustrate the accuracy and versatility of our method, we implement it under four different model dynamics: constant elasticity of variance local volatility, Heston stochastic volatility, three‐halves stochastic volatility, and SABR local‐stochastic volatility.
THE GENERAL STRUCTURE OF OPTIMAL INVESTMENT AND CONSUMPTION WITH SMALL TRANSACTION COSTS
Authors: Kallsen Jan , Muhle‐Karbe Johannes
Published: September 2015

We investigate the general structure of optimal investment and consumption with small proportional transaction costs. For a safe asset and a risky asset with general continuous dynamics, traded with random and time‐varying but small transaction costs, we derive simple formal asymptotics for the optimal policy and welfare. These reveal the roles of the investors' preferences as well as the market and cost dynamics, and also lead to a fully dynamic model for the implied trading volume. In frictionless models that can be solved in closed form, explicit formulas for the leading‐order corrections due to small transaction costs are obtained.
Performing dialogical Dutchness: negotiating a national imaginary in parenting guidance
Authors: van Reekum Rogier , van den Berg Marguerite
Published: September 2015

In contemporary Europe, national identities are fiercely contested and governments have sought ways to strengthen national identification. Notwithstanding this European pattern, government policies are implemented differently and belonging to the nation comes to involve different images and enactments across contexts. In the Netherlands, especially, belonging to the nation is at stake in many high‐profile public and political struggles. In this context, a pervasive public imaginary we call ‘dialogical Dutchness’ represents the Dutch as distinctly anti‐nationalist and open to difference. This raises the question whether national boundaries actually become traversable in view of such a national imaginary. How does one become a Dutch subject if Dutchness entails not being nationalist? Through the analysis of a Dutch social policy practice – state‐provided parenting courses – we show how dialogical Dutchness is negotiated and transformed in actual enactments of national difference and belonging. Although dialogical Dutchness foregrounds openness to difference and valorises discussion, it comes to perpetuate and substantiate boundaries between those who belong to the nation and those whose belonging is still in question.
Is there weak nationalism and is it a useful category?
Authors: Todorova Maria
Published: September 2015

Introducing the category ‘weak nationalism’, this article emphasises the scales of intensity and the different operational modes of nationalism across time and space, as well as within the same space. It refuses to create a model or another dichotomy – strong/weak – on a par with earlier ones like organic/civic,Eastern/Western, bad/good. Rather, it approaches nationalism as a binary variable on a scale from weak/low to strong/high. It argues to extend the research focus beyond the fixation on extreme cases to so‐called weak or weaker manifestations that remain subordinate and under‐researched, all the time stressing the changeability of nationalisms in their local context and in the course of time. While it is a category more recognisable in a common sense approach than in a strictly quantifiable one, it can be identified and comparatively evaluated by the mobilising ability of the nationalist message in the public sphere.
Redefining ‘sub‐culture’: a new lens for understanding hybrid cultural identities inEast‐CentralEurope with a case study from early 20th centuryL'viv‐Lwów‐Lemberg
Authors: Pyrah Robert , Fellerer Jan
Published: September 2015

This paper proposes a new definition of the term ‘subculture’, as a way of better understanding hybrid identities specific toEast‐CentralEurope, before applying this definition to a case study from the now‐Ukrainian city ofL'viv from around 1900. The first section outlines the theory, arguing that the continued focus on the nation state – either from the ‘top down’, or else the ‘bottom up’ as a source of contestation, by historians and anthropologists, has limited the ability to study groups in the interstices of the national projects that typically remain defined in monolithic ethno‐linguistic terms. It examines the theoretical term ‘subcultures’ to propose a new definition that accounts for such hybridity, by having particular sensitivity to context (historical, social, geographical) and cultural practice, in addition to any prevailing national narratives at a given time. The case study in the second section focuses on linguistic hybridity in the city then known more commonly asLemberg (German) orLwów (Polish). It argues thatLemberg/Lwów/L'viv produced an urban dialect that blendedPolish,Ukrainian,Yiddish andGerman elements. This dialect should be reassessed as a mixed, hybrid or transitional code, rather than as a linguistic variant of a titular nation. Archival evidence – in particular, court records – is quoted to show that at the lower end ofL'viv society, people routinely mixed and transcended linguistic and, thereby, ethnic and religious boundaries. This offers direct evidence of a specific subsection, or subculture, in urban life where people interacted and intermingled intensely. As such, the paper offers new possibilities for investigating ‘hybrid’ identities, as well as proposing a counterpoint to recent research focusing on deliberate indifference or opposition to national segregation for various socio‐political, economic and cultural reasons (Judson 2006: 19–65; King 2002; Zahra 2008).
Have tropicalAfrica's nationalisms continued imperialism's world revolution by other means?
Authors: Lonsdale John
Published: September 2015

Many scholars argue thatEuropean imperialism shaped today's tropical Africa, for better or worse. Some imperial historians see the British empire as a fertile capitalist pioneer, kindling class‐conscious, national, politics overseas. Economists of differing persuasions can see it, to the contrary, as the engineer of an underdevelopment that strangles popular sovereignty. Together with mostAfricanist historians, this article doubts that Europe had such creative or destructive power;British rule, among others, had to respond as much toAfrican history as to metropolitan will. Anti‐colonial nationalisms, in turn, were neither class not ideological vanguards but regional coalitions. Nation‐building thereafter was an elusive aim, steered by minority visions imperfectly seen and widely disputed, from capitalism to socialism. All these complexities rest, it is widely argued, on the historic difficulty of exercising power in what was until recently an underpopulated continent with openly available resources.
‘The people want(s) to bring down the regime’: (positive) nationalism as theArabSpring's revolution
Authors: Abulof Uriel
Published: September 2015

When and what is the nation, and nationalism, and when have both emerged in theArab world? I suggest new ways of approaching these questions, and new answers. Revisiting the ‘dating debate’,Ipropose distinguishing between negative nationalism (rejecting foreign rule) and positive nationalism (holding ‘the people’ as the source of legitimacy), the latter distinctively modern, the former not. Empirically,Iexamine these theoretical propositions in light of theArabSpring's dual revolution, vividly captured by its popular slogan: ‘The people want(s) to bring down the regime’. I submit that the manifest revolution of toppling regimes pales in comparison with the ideational revolution of engendering positive nationalism. While the former revolution has been a huge surprise, the history of theArab world abounds in precedents; conversely,Arab societies' subscription to ‘the people’ as the prime political legitimator – asserting their own inalienable political right to tell right from wrong – is novel. In that sense (positive) nationalismisthe revolution of theArabSpring, challenging both authorities and polities.
Secular Façade, Neoliberal Islamisation: Textbook Nationalism from Mubarak to Sisi
Authors: Sobhy Hania
Published: September 2015

Beneath the secular veneer of official rhetoric, nationally unified school textbooks provide a striking image of the Islamist message promoted to young people in Egypt. While distorting the struggles and complexity of Egyptian history and heritage, the textbooks construct patriotic devotion and a form of docile ‘neoliberal Islamism’ as the route to national renaissance. They present a notion of ideal citizenship where personal piety, charity and entrepreneurship are the proposed solutions to ‘Egypt's problems’. However, to actually relieve its ‘problems’, the regime has relied on religious associations for the provision of social services, depended on significant foreign assistance and periodically activated anti‐western nationalism. This article details textbook constructions of national identity and citizenship in the late Mubarak era and reflects on whether the 2011 uprising proves their failure in securing his legitimacy. It describes key changes since 2011 and explores whether the Sisi regime is offering alternative formulas of legitimation.
Randomized controlled trial of a self‐efficacy enhancement program for the cardiac rehabilitation of Thai patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Vibulchai Nisakorn , Thanasilp Sureeporn , Preechawong Sunida
Published: September 2015

This study examined the effects of a self‐efficacy enhancement program for the cardiac rehabilitation of Thai patients who had a myocardial infarction. Sixty‐six hospitalized patients of various ages and both genders were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. Participants in the experimental group took part in three individualized in‐hospital education sessions and three weekly sessions of telephone counseling. The control group primarily engaged in a supervised exercise and activities of a daily living performance regimen, and received education in this regard. Self‐efficacy and functional status were measured via questionnaire. Four weeks after discharge, the experimental group was found to have significantly higher total self‐efficacy and functional status scores than the control group. In addition, the experimental group exhibited significantly higher subscale scores on social activity, household tasks, occupation, and exercise self‐efficacy than the control group. These results indicate that the program is effective in improving the self‐efficacy and functional status of Thai patients who have had a myocardial infarction.
Preanesthetic nurse communication with children and parents—an observational study
Authors: Perry Chris , Samuelsson Carolina , Cyna Allan M.
Published: September 2015

Background

The impact of communication within the perioperative period is an area of increasing research interest. Suggestions are phrases or actions that can lead to subconscious nonvolitional changes in patient perception, mood, and/or behavior. Statements functioning as suggestions may induce positive or negative perceptual responses and experiences. Children and anxious patients are particularly responsive to the effects of suggestion. We aimed to identify positively and negatively worded statements used during the provision of preoperative information by nursing staff in a tertiary referral center for pediatric care.

Methods

Audio recordings of preoperative consultations between nurses, children, and their parents were made between February and May 2014. Two researchers independently reviewed the transcripts and identified positively and negatively worded suggestions. Examples of negative suggestions were, ‘he is going to be sore for a week or two’ or ‘normal to feel a bit sick….’, and a positive suggestion was ‘so she will be feeling quite comfortable…’.

Results

There were 51 consultations transcribed and analyzed. Of the 130 suggestions independently agreed by both researchers to be either positive or negative, 40 were identified as positive (31%) and 90 negative (69%). Commonly occurring negative suggestions described: pain in 21 consultations (41%); nausea and sickness in 19 (37%); and irritability or agitation in nine (18%). Positive suggestions included a description of a return of normal activities such as eating and drinking in 14 (28%), comfort in nine (18%), and well‐being in nine (18%). Twelve consultations (24%) contained only negative suggestions, while four (8%) had only positive suggestions.

Conclusions

This is the first prospective observational study investigating the language used by nurses during the preoperative child–parent encounter. Suggestions for negative perceptual experiences were frequently used during the preoperative nurse consultations. Education of nurses regarding awareness and understanding of negative suggestions and their potential adverse effects is recommended.
An Absolutist Theory of Faultless Disagreement in Aesthetics
Authors: Baker Carl , Robson Jon
Published: September 2015

Some philosophers writing on the possibility of faultless disagreement have argued that the only way to account for the intuition that there could be disagreements which are faultless in every sense is to accept a relativistic semantics. In this article we demonstrate that this view is mistaken by constructing an absolutist semantics for a particular domain – aesthetic discourse – which allows for the possibility of genuinely faultless disagreements. We argue that this position (Humean absolutism) is an improvement over previous absolutist responses to the relativist's challenge and that it presents an independently plausible account of the semantics of aesthetic discourse.
How does the VPD response of isohydric and anisohydric plants depend on leaf surface particles?
Authors: Burkhardt J. , Pariyar S.
Published: September 2015

Atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is the driving force for plant transpiration. Plants have different strategies to respond to this ‘atmospheric drought’. Deposited aerosols on leaf surfaces can interact with plant water relations and may influence VPD response. We studied transpiration and water use efficiency of pine, beech and sunflower by measuring sap flow, gas exchange and carbon isotopes, thereby addressing different time scales of plant/atmosphere interaction. Plants were grown (i) outdoors under rainfall exclusion (OD) and in ventilated greenhouses with (ii) ambient air (AA) or (iii) filtered air (FA), the latter containing <1% ambient aerosol concentrations. In addition, some AA plants were sprayed once with 25 mM salt solution of (NH4)2SO4 or NaNO3. Carbon isotope values (δ13C) became more negative in the presence of more particles; more negative for AA compared to FA sunflower and more negative for OD Scots pine compared to other growth environments. FA beech had less negative δ13C than AA, OD and NaNO3‐treated beech. Anisohydric beech showed linearly increasing sap flow with increasing VPD. The slopes doubled for (NH4)2SO4‐ and tripled for NaNO3‐sprayed beech compared to control seedlings, indicating decreased ability to resist atmospheric demand. In contrast, isohydric pine showed constant transpiration rates with increasing VPD, independent of growth environment and spray, likely caused by decreasing gs with increasing VPD. Generally, NaNO3 spray had stronger effects on water relations than (NH4)2SO4 spray. The results strongly support the role of leaf surface particles as an environmental factor affecting plant water use. Hygroscopic and chaotropic properties of leaf surface particles determine their ability to form wicks across stomata. Such wicks enhance unproductive water loss of anisohydric plant species and decrease CO2 uptake of isohydric plants. They become more relevant with increasing number of fine particles and increasing VPD and are thus related to air pollution and climate change. Wicks cause a deviation from the analogy between CO2 and water pathways through stomata, bringing some principal assumptions of gas exchange theory into question.
Restoring native understory to a woodland invaded by Euonymus fortunei: multiple factors affect success
Authors: Bauer Jonathan T. , Reynolds Heather L.
Published: September 2015

Invasive species are capable of causing change in native plant communities, but invasion is often associated with other anthropogenic impacts on natural areas, such as habitat fragmentation and associated dispersal limitation for native species. Consequently, invasive species removal alone may not always be sufficient to meet restoration objectives. We tested if invasion and dispersal limitation interact to limit plant community restoration within a forest fragment invaded by Euonymus fortunei. Removal of Euonymus alone did not lead to the recolonization of native plant species. However, planting seedlings increased total native cover in invaded, Euonymus removal, and uninvaded control treatments. The consistent establishment of native plant seedlings across all treatments indicates that Euonymus invasion may have limited ability to displace established plants. In contrast, plant species that we added as seed were unable to establish in invaded plots, indicating that Euonymus invasion limits recruitment of native plant species from seed. Over the course of our experiment, a number of setbacks and surprises occurred, including high levels of herbivory, a windstorm, and extreme drought, all of which likely limited restoration success. Overall, our results indicate that Euonymus may contribute to native species declines, but other factors are important. Thus, invasive species removal alone may not be sufficient to reestablish a diverse native plant community. Instead, impacts on natural areas may need to be mitigated along with invasive species removal for restoration to be successful.
Copper–Gold Skarn Mineralization at the Karavansalija Ore Zone, Rogozna Mountain, Southwestern Serbia
Authors: Budinov Zhivko D. , Yonezu Kotaro , Tindell Thomas , Gabo‐Ratio Jillian Aira , Milutinovic Stanoje , Boyce Adrian J. , Watanabe Koichiro
Published: September 2015

Karavansalija ore zone is situated in the Serbian part of the Serbo‐Macedonian magmatic and metallogenic belt. The Cu–Au mineralization is hosted mainly by garnet–pyroxene–epidote skarns and shifts to lesser presence towards the nearby quartz–epidotized rocks and the overlying volcanic tuffs. Within the epidosites the sulfide mineralogy is represented by disseminated cobalt‐nickel sulfides from the gersdorfite‐krutovite mineral series and cobaltite, and pyrite–marcasite–chalcopyrite–base metal aggregates. The skarn sulfide mineralization is characterized by chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, bismuth‐phases (bismuthinite and cosalite), arsenopyrite, gersdorffite, and sphalerite. The sulfides can be observed in several types of massive aggregates, depending on the predominant sulfide phases: pyrrhotite‐chalcopyrite aggregates with lesser amount of arsenopyrite and traces of sphalerite, arsenopyrite–bismuthinite–cosalite aggregates with subordinate sphalerite and sphalerite veins with bismuthinite, pyrite and arsenopyrite. In the overlying volcanoclastics, the studied sulfide mineralization is represented mainly by arsenopyrite aggregates with subordinate amounts of pyrite and chalcopyrite. Gold is present rarely as visible aggregate of native gold and also as invisible element included in arsenopyrite. The fluid inclusion microthermometry data suggest homogenization temperature in the range of roughly 150–400°C. Salinities vary in the ranges of 0.5–8.5 wt% NaCl eq for two‐phase low density fluid inclusions and 15–41 wt% NaCl eq for two‐phase high‐salinity and three‐phase high‐salinity fluid inclusions. The broad range of salinity values and the different types of fluid inclusions co‐existing in the same crystals suggest that at least two fluids with different salinities contributed to the formation of the Cu–Au mineralization. Geothermometry, based on EPMA data of arsenopyrite co‐existing with pyrite and pyrrhotite, suggests a temperature range of 240–360°C for the formation of the arsenopyrite, which overlaps well with the data for the formation temperature obtained through fluid inclusion microthermometry. The sulfur isotope data on arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and marcasite from the different sulfide assemblages (ranging from 0.4‰ to +3.9‰ δ34SCDT with average of 2.29 δ34SCDT and standard deviation of 1.34 δ34SCDT) indicates a magmatic source of sulfur for all of the investigated phases. The narrow range of the data points to a common source for all of the investigated sulfides, regardless of the host rock and the paragenesis. The sulfur isotope data shows good overlap with that from nearby base‐metal deposits; therefore the Cu–Au mineralization and the emblematic base‐metal sulfide mineralization from this metallogenic belt likely share same fluid source.