bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A szubjektív egészségi állapot kutatási hátterének többszintű megközelítése a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek tükrében
Authors: Libicki Éva , Rusinné Fedor Anita
Published: December 2021

Hazánkban, illetve világszerte az egészségszociológiai kutatások egyik alapvető témája a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek, ezen belül is az egészségi állapotot érintő egyenlőtlenségek vizsgálata. A hangsúly főként arra tevődik, hogy ezek az egyenlőtlenségek mikor és milyen módon keletkeznek, és az életciklus során milyen módon maradnak fenn. A modern társadalomban ez a differenciálódás egyre inkább megmutatkozik az egészségi állapot egyes mutatóiban, mint pl. a szubjektív jóllét. Az egyenlőtlenségek mértékét olyan alapvető szociokulturális és szociodemográfiai változók határozzák meg, mint pl. a lakókörnyezet, a földrajzi elhelyezkedés, az életkor vagy a nem. A társadalom egészére vonatkozó kutatások egyik fontos jellemzője, hogy több szinten és több lehetséges aspektusból vizsgálják az adott jelenségeket. Tanulmányomban ezeket a megközelítési szinteket és aspektusokat vizsgálom, a vonatkozó teoretikus háttér alkalmazásával.
Examining the impacts of organizational culture and leadership styles on the organizational performance indicators
Authors: Said Abujudeh
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between organizational culture and leadership and their impacts on such organizational performance indicators, organizational commitment and job satisfaction, by reviewing some of the previous organizational culture and leadership literature to clarify the links between both variables and their impacts on performance indicators. One might assume that a better organizational culture along with appropriate leadership style can lead to a higher level of job satisfaction and stronger commitment. Accordingly, if an organization has a strong organizational culture with a suitable leadership style which is able to keep the organization integration, this will result in the strengthening of organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and significant performance enhancement.
Az extrém fizikai aktivitás élettani és immunológiai hatásai
Authors: Suhaj Szimonetta , Pócsi István , Csernoch László , Benkő Szilvia
Published: December 2021

Számos kutatás bizonyította, hogy a hosszútávfutást sajnos számos átmeneti, kedvezőtlen hatás is kíséri, melyek közül a legfontosabbak a vesét, a mozgásszerveket, valamint a szív- és érrendszert, illetve a gasztrointesztinális traktust érintő, káros hatások voltak. Orvosi szempontból lényeges lenne ezeknek a kedvezőtlen hatásoknak a megelőzése, enyhítése, illetve modulálása. A testedzés okozta károsodások élettani és immunológiai hátterének pontosabb megértése érdekében 8 egészséges, edzett, önkéntes férfi alanyon végeztek egy tanulmányt, melyben egy 2 órás protokollt követtek. Ez a protokoll 1 óra intenzív kerékpározást, valamint 1 óra intenzív futást foglalt magába, folyamatos orvosi ellenőrzés mellett, kontrollált körülmények között. A vizsgálatok a futók klinikai kémiai paraméterei változásának, illetve a neutrofil granulocitákban lezajló globális génexpresszió változásoknak a leírására összpontosulnak. Ezeket a vizsgálatokat közvetlenül a fizikai terhelés előtt („baseline”), illetve 3, 48 és 96 órával utána végezték. Az eredmények alapján elmondhatjuk, hogy az intenzív sport számos paraméter változását eredményezi, melyek egy része néhány órán belül visszaáll az eredeti alapértékre, számos paraméter viszont csak több nap elteltével áll helyre. A kutatások egyik jövőbeni célja a kedvezőtlen élettani hatások megelőzésére, illetve enyhítésére szolgáló táplálékkiegészítők kifejlesztése.
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of femoral shaft fractures in a pediatric population treated with titanium elastic nails
Authors: ÇAĞLAR Ceyhun , EMRE Fahri
Published: December 2021

Aim: The main goal of study is to evaluate the clinical, functional and radiographic results of titanium elastic nail (TEN), which is among the most preferred methods in the treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fractures.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 33 patients, the ages of from 4 to14 years and weighing less than 50 kg, who were diagnosed with femoral shaft fractures between January 2018 and December 2019 and operated on with the TEN method in our clinic, were evaluated retrospectively. The demographic information of the patients, injury mechanism, fracture pattern, duration of surgery, radiographic union time, degree of residual deformity in the coronal and sagittal planes after union, nonunion rate, leg length discrepancy and postoperative weight-bearing times were examined.

Results: Femoral shaft fractures were seen 2.3 times more often in boys than in girls. Patients are often injured as a result of high-energy trauma such as traffic accidents and falls from a height. According to radiographic measurements, mean residual deformity of 3.23 ± 2.46 degrees in the coronal plane and 4.56 ± 3.78 degrees in the sagittal plane was measured and a mean discrepancy of 1.36 ± 0.85 cm was found between the two legs. Radiographic union time was calculated as 10.41 ± 3.55 weeks on average.

Conclusion: If applied with the right indication and the right technique, the TEN method is extremely important and successful in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in pediatric patients younger than 15 years old and weighing less than 50 kg.
Günübirlik anestezi uygulamalarımız ve gelişen komplikasyonlar
Authors: ŞAHUTOĞLU Cengiz , KARACA Nursen , KARAMAN Semra , KOCABAŞ Nüzhet Seden , ALPER Işık , UYAR Meltem , AŞKAR Fatma Zekiye
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Tıbbi teknolojideki ve monitörizasyondaki gelişmeler günübirlik cerrahi uygulamalarında hızlı bir artışa neden oldu. Bu çalışmada günübirlik anestezi sonuçlarımızın sunulması hedeflendi.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Günübirlik cerrahi geçiren 907 hasta prospektif gözlemsel olarak çalışmaya alındı. Acil hastalar, ameliyathane dışı anestezi uygulamaları ve anestezi ekibinin eşlik etmediği operasyonlar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Hastalara yapılacak işleme göre genel anestezi, rejyonal anestezi veya sedo-analjezi uygulandı. Komplikasyonlarla ilişkili risk faktörleri ile demografik veriler, anestezi yöntemi, intraoperatif ve postoperatif değişkenler arasında istatiksel anlamlılık araştırıldı.

Bulgular: Hastanemizde Şubat 2020’de 2194 hasta operasyona alındı. Hastalardan 907’si (%41,3) günübirlik kriterlerini karşılamaktaydı. Hastaların %26,8’ini (243 hasta) pediyatrik hastalar oluşturmaktaydı. Göz hastalıkları (%67) en sık günübirlik operasyon yapılan klinik oldu. İntratrakeal genel anestezi (%36,7), en sık uygulanan anestezi şekliydi. İntraoperatif ve postoperatif komplikasyon sırasıyla hastaların %2,9’da ve %1,9’da gelişti. Operasyonun endoskopik yapılması (OR: 4,357 [1,909-9,943], p˂0,001) ve bazal kalp hızı yükseklikleri (OR:1,030 [1,009-1,052], p=0,006) peroperatif komplikasyonlar ile ilişkiliydi.

Sonuç: Operasyonun endoskopik uygulanması ve bazal kalp hızı yüksekliği peroperatif komplikasyon ile ilişkili iken; anestezi türü ile komplikasyon arasında anlamlı ilişki olmadığı saptandı. Hızlı ve kısa etkili anesteziklerin, analjeziklerin ve nöromuskuler blokörlerin yanı sıra geliştirilmiş monitörizasyon yöntemlerinin kullanımı perioperatif anestezi komplikasyonlarını azaltacaktır.
The Importance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, and thrombocyte-lymphocyte ratio in addition to abnormal laboratory parameters in COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: KENİ BEGENDİ Nermin , KAÇAR Fatma , DAĞ Mikail , TARAKÇI Arzu , ÖZDEMİR ARMAĞAN Şule , SAÇKAN Fatih , KIZILARSLANOĞLU Muhammet Cemal
Published: December 2021

Aim: We aimed to examine the importance of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and thrombocyte-lymphocyte ratio (TLR) in addition to laboratory parameters in terms of pneumonia between patients with and without pneumonia diagnosed with COVID-19 infection.

Materials and Methods: In our retrospective study, 506 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were hospitalized and treated between April 2020 and July 2020 were included. While 50.6% (n= 256) of the patients had pneumonia, 49.4% (n= 250) did not have. File informations were scanned; the demographic data, hospitalization and discharge laboratory parameters were recorded.

Results: The median age of the patients was 44.5 (16-89) years, 55.5% (n= 281) of them were male. The median age of patients with pneumonia was higher than those without pneumonia, and the frequency of female gender was higher (p
Oosit toplama sırasındaki folikül yıkamanın fertilite prezervasyonu siklusları sonuçlarına etkisi, retrospektif çalışma
Authors: EMİRDAR Volkan , ACET Ferruh
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Kanser hastalarının kemoterapi sonrası yumurtalık rezervlerini kaybetme riski altında olduğu göz önüne alındığında, fertilite prezervasyonu (FP) döngülerinde oosit kalitesini en üst düzeye çıkarmak çok önemlidir. Amacımız, FP için letrozol ve gonadotropinler ile oositleri veya embriyoları korumak için kontrollü yumurtalık stimülasyonu uygulanan kadınlarda elde edilen oosit ve embriyo sayısını maksimize etmede foliküler yıkamanın yararlılığını belirlemekti.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Fertilite prezervasonu planlanan meme kanserli olgular retrospektif olarak tarandı. Çift lümenli yıkama yaklaşımı (ÇLY) kullanılarak oositlerin aspire edildiği 11 döngü, oositlerin tek lümenli aspirasyon (TLA) yoluyla alındığı yaş uyumlu 31 döngü ile karşılaştırıldı. 10 mm ve üzerinde ölçüm yapılan tüm foliküller aspire edildi. ÇLY grubunda, foliküller 6 defaya veya oosit elde edilene kadar yıkandı.

Bulgular: Ortalama yaş ve anti-müllerian hormon (AMH) değerleri ÇLY ve TLA grupları arasında benzerdi (sırasıyla, yaş:39,8 ± 0,48 / 37,9 ± 0,74; p=0,162; AMH: 1,69 ± 0,37 / 1,47 ± 0,25 ng/mL p=0,635). Pik estradiol seviyeleri ÇLY grubunda anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (ÇLY / TLA: 1022,66 ± 205,45 / 715,5 ± 33,69 pg/mL, p= 0,026). Toplam gonadotropin dozu ( ÇLY / TLA: 5345 ± 344 / 5017 ± 108 IU, p= 0,236) ve toplam letrozol dozu (ÇLY / TLA: 59,0 ± 2,84 / 57,9 ± 1,08 mg, p=0,633) her iki grupta benzerdi. Tetikleme öncesi ultrasonografide 10 mm üzerindeki folikül sayısı temel alındığında benzer sayıda folikül saptandı (16,2 ± 1,2 / 12,5 ± 1,3; p=0,16). Çift lümenli yıkama yaklaşımı ile daha yüksek toplam oosit sayısı (17,4 ± 2,3 / 10,9 ± 1,2; p=0,015) ve daha yüksek sayıda olgunlaşmamış oosit elde edildi (8,36 ± 1,12 / 3,53± 0,45; p < 0,001). Ancak dondurularak saklanan embriyoların sayısındaki fark istatistiksel anlamlılığa ulaşmadı (7,2 ± 1,94 / 5,2 ± 0,79; p = 0,279).

Sonuçlar: Fertilite prezervasyonu döngülerinde ÇLY kullanımı, küçük foliküllerden elde edilen immatür oosit sayısını arttırabilir. Çift lümenli yıkama yaklaşımının nihai embriyo verimini artırmadaki değeri, FP uygulanan kadınlar arasında daha geniş prospektif çalışmalarda araştırılmalıdır.
Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’nde korona virüs aşısı olan kişilerin korona virüs aşısı hakkında bilgi düzeylerinin ve erişkin aşılaması durumlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BAŞKOL Dilşah , AKYOL Deniz , TAŞBAKAN Selin Ece , PULLUKÇU Hüsnü , IŞIKGÖZ TAŞBAKAN Meltem
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Korona virüs aşısı için başvuran gönüllülerin Korona virüs aşısı hakkında bilgi düzeyleri ile aşıya olan güveni arttıran faktörlerin ve erişkin aşılaması durumlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, tanımlayıcı, kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Çalışmaya 1-31 Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında Korona virüs aşısı için başvuran 18 yaş ve üzeri gönüllüler dahil edildi. Gönüllülere, sosyodemografik özellikleri, Influenza, Hepatit B ve pnömokok enfeksiyonlarına karşı aşılanma durumları ve Korona virüs aşısı hakkında bilgi edinme yolları ile bilgi düzeyleriyle ilgili sorulardan oluşan bir anket uygulandı. İstatistiksel analiz Ki kare testi ile yapıldı ve p
Information and Analytical Bulletin (INAB). Russian society in the context of the pandemic: a year later (the experience of sociological diagnostics)
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gorshkov Mikhail K. , Tikhonova Natalia E. ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

В Информационно-аналитическом бюллетене на основе результатов общероссийского социологического исследования дается комплексный многоаспектный анализ жизнедеятельности российского общества в условиях первого года распространения в стране коронавирусной пандемии COVID-19. При этом приводятся сопоставительные данные о динамике материального и социального положения россиян в предпандемический и пандемический периоды, раскрывается воздействие COVID-19 на социально-психологическое самочувствие, общественные умонастроения и духовную атмосферу в стране. Особое внимание уделяется поведенческим практикам различных групп россиян, связанных с их адаптацией к новым социально-экономическим условиям, сохранением и наращиванием человеческого потенциала.
Educational longread as a way of organizing a digital educational Internet resource in Russian as a foreign language
Authors: Dyakova Tatiana A. , Kholodkova Marina V. , Zherebtsova Zhanna I.
Published: December 2021

Modern technical advances in digital pedagogy today offer qualitatively new opportunities for organizing and presenting educational material in the context of distance learning. The purpose of the study is to provide a methodological substantiation of one of the new ways of organizing a digital educational Internet resource on Russian as a foreign language “Russian language. Beginning” in the form of a training longread. The features of an educational longread are stated, the main media elements, specificity, content and means of creation are determined, on the basis of which the definition of an educational longread is formulated. The educational longread is considered through the prism of the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language (RFL) at the initial stage using the capabilities of digital technologies, methods of designing educational materials, creolization of texts, methodological role in the educational process, structure and interaction with third-party linguodidactic resources. On the example of the digital educational Internet resource “Russian language. Beginning ”in the work, methods of solving linguodidactic problems of an introductory phonetic course by means of an educational longread are presented. It is concluded that educational longread as a way of organizing educational materials in a digital educational environment (DEE), due to its properties, is one of the potentially effective linguodidactic tools for distance learning.
Assessment of the development state of the anti-corruption culture of the future bachelor of law in the educational process of a law university
Authors: Shtukarev Nikita A.
Published: December 2021

High rates of manifestation of corrupt behaviour in the professional activities of law enforcement officials are the result of shortcomings in their professional education. Within the framework of the conducted empirical research, we set the goal: to assess the development state of the anti-corruption culture of future bachelors of law in the educational process of a law university. To achieve this goal, two groups of methods are used: empirical – a questionnaire survey of law students and an interpretive analysis of the obtained factual material, and theoretical – an analytical study of scientific literature on the research problem. The factors that indicate a low level of development of anti-corruption culture in a law university are revealed: terminological reduction of the phenomenon of corruption and the associated stereotyping of students’ ideas about it; underestimation of cultural descriptors of corrupt behaviour; fetishization and absolutization of criminal law methods of opposition corruption. It is concluded that it is necessary to eliminate the imbalance between sectoral (actually law) and philosophical and cultural disciplines in the educational process of a law university, as well as to ensure the involvement of students in educational anti-corruption activities organized by a law university.
Formation and activity of labor squads in the Russian Empire during the First World War
Authors: Chubarov Aleksei I.
Published: December 2021

The history of the creation and activity of student labor brigades on the territory of the Russian Empire is considered. They were supposed to replace men in peasant farms who had been mobilized into the ranks of the army. By the early 20th century, the agrarian Russian Empire was characterized by an excess of workers in the countryside, since a significant part of the country’s population lived in the countryside. The ruling circles of both Russia and the European powers were confident in the “inexhaustibility” of the human resources of the Russian state. However, al-ready in the summer and autumn of 1914, a shortage of workers in rural areas began to be felt. With the subsequent mobilizations, the situation only worsened. In response to the problem, the tsarist government asked the local authorities to help the families of the mobilized lower ranks in harvesting and sowing fields. We use materials from periodicals and primary materials deposited in the archives of the cities of the Central Black Earth region about student labor brigades of the Voronezh, Kursk and Oryol Governorates. We also use information on other regions of the Rus-sian Empire. It is assumed that labor brigades arose on a private initiative as one of the forms of mobilization of labor resources in conditions caused by a shortage of workers. Later, the initiative of educational institutions of the Minsk province received state support.
Genesis of digital technologies in teaching students a foreign language in a blended learning environment
Authors: Nikolaenko Irina S. , Pribytkova Anna A. , Pustovalova Tatiana A.
Published: December 2021

Digital technologies quickly and organically entered the life of a modern person. Moreover, the informatization of society has influenced the digitalization of education. Over the past 10–15 years, a solid body of scientific methodic works has appeared on the use of modern digital technologies in the development of foreign language speech skills and the development of students’ language skills, the development of their socio-cultural, intercultural, pragmatic and other types of competencies. Despite the linguodidactic potential and innovativeness of new methods of language teaching based on digital technologies, until 2019 the volume of use of information and communication technologies in the educational process was small. The 2019 coronavirus pandemic forced scientists and practicing teachers in extreme conditions to realistically assess the richness of the choice of digital technologies and rethink the need for each specific technology to solve specific educational problems. This is how the process of “withering away” of some technologies or “absorption” of some technologies by others began. A review of methodic works on the development of methods of foreign language teaching based on e-mail, web forum, blog technology, social service “Twitter”, wiki technology, podcasts and electronic text corpus is carried out. As a result, a conclusion is made about the relevance of four digital technologies that are integrated into modern university educational platforms. These include: blog technology, wiki technology, podcasts, and electronic corpus.
Development of leadership abilities as a factor of positive socialization among senior preschool children
Authors: Glubotskaya Ekaterina V.
Published: December 2021

The development of leadership abilities among senior preschool children is an important component of the general, fundamental task solved within the educational field of social and communicative personality development at the early stages of education. The basic concepts related to the nature of children's leadership are leadership as a type of special giftedness, a wide range of personality traits and a quality of any child that manifests itself under certain conditions. The qualities of preschool children with a pronounced leadership potential are: the desire for dominance, initiative, a high level of mental development, speech and behavioral activity, emotionality (impressionability, impulsivity, lability), adequate self-esteem, independence, the ability to invent and organize different games. Based on an analytical review of scientific sources on the issue of child leadership we define leadership abilities in the senior preschool age as an integral dynamic personal education developing in the joint activity of a child with peers under the guidance of an adult, whose structure is formed by the unity of cognitive, emotional-volitional, activity-creative and evaluative-reflective components. A structural model of leadership abilities of a preschooler is presented. The main conditions for the development of leadership abilities in senior preschoolers are the inclusion of children in various types of joint activities and the guidance of a teacher. Developed leadership abilities are an important indicator of positive socialization of a child’s personality.
An ethnomethodological analysis of students’ understanding of the concept of trigonometry in a high-stakes examination in South Africa
Authors: Simons Marius Derick , Wibawa Kadek Adi
Published: December 2021

[English]: In South Africa, National Senior Certificate (NSC) mathematics examination is a capping external examination taken at the culmination of twelve years of schooling. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the responses of examinees in the examinations in the concept of trigonometry. While the study mainly used an ethnomethodological approach, a documentary analytical approach was also adopted. Documentary analysis was necessitated by the private nature of the NSC examination, as we only had access to the written work of the examinees. The major findings were: (1) that the strategies and tactics used by examinees are highly driven by the context of the high-stakes examination; (2) that examinees’ ways of working exhibit the general structure of the practice that is commonly found in mathematical discourse practices. Further studies are required to deepen the understanding of the thinking processes of examinees by conducting focus group interviews, where the examinees are afforded opportunities to explain their workings in school-based assessments.
[Bahasa]: Di Afrika Selatan, ujian matematika National Senior Certificate (NSC) adalah ujian tambahan yang diambil pada akhir dari dua belas tahun sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan investigasi dan analisis tanggapan siswa peserta ujian matematika NSC terkait konsep trigonometri. Selain pendekatan etnometodologi yang secara umum dipakai dalam penelitian ini, pendekatan analitis dokumenter yang juga diadopsi terkait karakteristik ujian NSC, dalam hal inipeneliti hanya memiliki akses pada jawaban tertulis peserta ujian. Temuan utama penelitian adalah: (1) bahwa strategi dan taktik yang digunakan oleh peserta ujian sangat didorong oleh konteks ujian berisiko tinggi; (2) bahwa cara kerja peserta ujian menunjukkan struktur umum praktik yang biasa ditemukan dalam praktis diskursus matematika. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memperdalam pemahaman tentang proses berpikir peserta ujian dengan melakukan wawancara kelompok terfokus, dimana peserta ujian diberikan kesempatan untuk menjelaskan cara kerja mereka dalam penilaian berbasis sekolah.
Regulatory acts for the cultural patrimony preservation of Porto Murtinho, MS, in the context of university network of the Latin american Integration Route (UniRila) and the Bioceanic Corridor
Authors: Akamine Mariana De Barros Casagranda , Santos Silva Érika , Escobar Ribas Lima Maria Margareth , Mendes de Souza Rodrigo
Published: December 2021

This work is part of the activities that were agreed within the scope of the University Network of the Latin American Route (UniRila), and was developed specifically as a proposal for Dossier II. This research is also linked to the development of the Master Plan of Porto Murtinho-MS, specifically the axis of Cultural Historical Heritage, the result of an inter-institutional partnership. In this context, the aim is to analyze current normative acts for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage in the three administrative spheres, using the qualitative approach methodology with bibliographic and documentary research. One of the great challenges of the Bioceanic Route Integration will be the efficient updating of policies for the preservation of the historical and cultural heritage, in order to maintain the cultural integrity of the local population. Thus, it is understood the need to stimulate local development, through cultural and social capital, aiming at a participatory democracy. Heritage education is part of this context as an instrument for disseminating information and knowledge, and when supported by public and private agents and social actors, they are certainly decisive in the struggle arising from issues related to cultural vulnerability.
RILA, Porto Murtinho and its cultural heritage: perspectives for preservation
Authors: De Souza Rodrigo Mendes , Villela Junqueira Juliana , Escobar Ribas Lima Maria Margareth , Santos Silva Érika , De Barros Casagranda Akamine Mariana
Published: December 2021

As part of the studies developed by the University Network of the Latin American Integration Route (UniRila), this proposal intends to contextualize the municipality of Porto Murtinho in the process of occupation of the interior of the South American continent, understanding the Latin American Integration Route (RILA) as the culminating event of the process of territorialization-deterritorialization-reterritorialization of the region. For this purpose, historical, economic, geographic and geological aspects are considered, without which the conditions of urbanization would not be fully understood and public policies would be deficient. Thus, it is intended to draw attention to the impact that the production and export of commodities has on the territory in question.
Propuesta de investigación sobre los impactos educativos y sociales de la Ruta Bioceánica en el territorio indígena Kadiwéu en Porto Murtinho, Brasil
Authors: Dos Santos Landa Beatriz , Figueira Kátia Cristina Nascimento , Lacerda Léia Teixeira
Published: December 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la organización de las etapas de la investigación interinstitucional en curso sobre «Los impactos sociales de la ruta bioceánica en los territorios indígenas Kadiwéu y Ayoreos, Brasil/Paraguay», vinculados a las poblaciones indígenas y vulnerabilidades sociales del Grupo de Trabajo - Impactos Sociales, desarrollado en conjunto con las Universidades de la Ruta de la Integración Latinoamericana - UniRILA. Aquí se presenta el contexto geográfico e histórico de la propuesta, así como aspectos generales de los pueblos originales Kadiwéu, Kinikinau y Terena que residen en la Reserva Kadiwéu, conocida como Campo dos Índios, en Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. En tiempos de pandemia de Covid-19 los datos revelan que la guía de diagnóstico, adaptada a partir del documento utilizado por el Instituto Nacional de Estudios y Pesquisas Educacionales Anísio Teixeira/INEP para el Censo Escolar, puede identificar las concepciones de esos pueblos originarios sobre los impactos educativos, sociales, culturales y económicos frente a la construcción del Corredor Vial Bioceánico que pasará por Brasil, Paraguay, Argentina y Chile.
Strategi Interkultural dan Kebutuhan Pelatihan Kompetensi Komunikasi Antar Budaya Bagi Ekspatriat Untuk Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia
Authors: Busthomi Imam
Published: December 2021

AbstrakDi era global seperti ini sudah menjadi hal yang lumrah bahwa setiap negara berkembang membutuhkan jasa ekspatriat untuk membangun sebuah perusahaan menjadi lebih berkembang. Persaingan global telah tiba dan diperlukan kerjasama antar negara dalam hal tenaga kerja. Tidak mudah bekerja di negara yang bukan negara asal. Setiap negara tentunya memiliki karakter dan budaya yang berbeda-beda. Perbedaan budaya membuat para ekspatriat mengalami kesulitan dalam berinteraksi, serta menghambat produktifitas kerja bagi para ekspatriat. Komunikasi, interaksi, dan perjumpaan antarbudaya terjadi setiap saat. Keberdaan teknologi memperluas kemampuan orang di seluruh dunia untuk terhubung satu sama lain kepentingan Bisnis atau kebutuhan liburan. Seorang ekspatriat bekerja sebagai tenaga kerja multikultural dan berinteraksi dengan orang-orang dari budaya lain, sehingga keterampilan komunikasi dan kemampuan berinteraksi yang efektif menjadi salah satu kunci keberhasilan seorang ekspatriat yang ditugaskan di luar negeri. Artikel ini menyoroti pentingnya kesadaran interkultural dan kebutuhan akan pelatihan kompetensi komunikasi antar budaya untuk perusahaan lokal dan multinasional. Selain itu kerjasama dan sinergi antarbudaya menjadi aspek penting. Perusahaan yang memiliki kompetensi interkultural akan mampu mensukseskan dan mempertahankan kesuksesan dalam bisnis global. Budaya berperan penting dalam mengaktualisasikan kemampuan terbaik karyawan dan membuat mereka tetap betah berada di organisasi dimana mereka bekerja. Ekspatriat yang berasal dari suatu negara ketika bekerja di negara lain belum tentu dapat berhasil, ini karena adanya perbedaan budaya, oleh karenanya, para ekspatriat membutuhkan adaptasi. Artikel ini membahas tentang bagaimana ekspatriat Cina dengan rekan kerjanya dari Pakistan, bagaimana ekspatriat Amerika beradaptasi dengan budaya kerja di Sekolah Internasional di Salatiga. Tujuan artikel ini untuk menggali apa saja permasalahan dan kesulitan yang dihadapai para ekspatriat baik ekspatriat Cina di Pakistan maupun Ekspatriat Amerika di sekolah Internasional di Salatiga, serta bagaimana cara mengatasi ekspatriat perbedaan budaya tersebut.
ON PLASTICITY OF THE TERM ECOSYSTEM
Authors:   «Archangel Ecosystem» LLC, Altoukhov A.V. , Afinskaya Z.N. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2021

The improvement of the scientific image of the world is closely connected with the development of scientific terminology, with the understanding of its cognitive content. In this process, due to the metaphorical reinterpretation of terms, which is ensured by their semantic plasticity, their reinterpretation or secondary terminologization occurs. Metaphors construct a conceptual system of ordinary and, especially, scientific thinking. The purpose of the study is to highlight the problem of linguistic and cognitive characteristics of terms as a factor in the implementation of interdisciplinary knowledge. The term ecosystem has entered the active circulation of the language of science, where the first element “eco” implies a conceptual connection with ecology. The purpose of the study is to consider the features of the linguocognitive aspect of the term ecosystem. The term ecosystem (écosystème) has a wide range of uses in various scientific fields of knowledge in different national literary languages. Due to its semantic plasticity, it participates in the formation of new term concepts, developing the synergy of scientific thinking. The meaning of a new term does not arise simply as the sum of the values of its term elements, although the meaning of each of them is preserved in it to a certain extent. Thus, the term concept ecosystem has become widespread in various spheres of human activity ((urban ecosystem, marine ecosystem, information ecosystem, entrepreneurship ecosystem, innovation ecosystem, museum ecosystem, narratology ecosystem, media space ecosystem, etc.). Terminology, thus, as a set of definitions of various aspects of scientific knowledge, becomes one of the important sections of cognitive linguistics. A comparative analysis of French and Russian terminology allows us to highlight the problems of not only interdisciplinary connections within one national image of the world, but also to see the peculiarities of the formulation of terms taking into account the specifics of different national languages.
GENDER AS A DOMINANT DRIVING THE ENACTION AND (RE)FRAMING OF THE PERSPECTIVE IN LITERARY TRANSLATION
Authors:   Tver State University, Leontyeva K.I.
Published: December 2021

The paper explores cognitive mechanics of «doing» gender in literary translation and aims at providing a cognitive account of gender as both a function of the translator’s self and the translator’s practical concern, i.e. a meaning-making feature of the literary structure which is to be somehow relayed in the translator’s text. Having initially defined the notions «cognitive dominant» and «perspective», constitutive of the research framework, the author reflects on the instrumental role of gender, integrating biological, cognitive, sociocultural and discourse dimensions of the translator’s activity, as a meta-dominant of the translator’s cognition and discourse, which shapes 1) the translator’s phenomenological perspective, from which the text world is mentally construed and 2) strategic (re)framing of the narrative perspective in the translator’s text. A number of English-Russian translations are discussed to illustrate inherent dynamicity, fluidity, multiplicity, performativity and pervasiveness of gender as a dominant driving translation. Certain cognitive and aesthetic modes of doing and (re)framing gender in translation are distinguished as well. Overall, the research findings evince the urgent need for the translators to adopt and implement a gender-sensitive translation strategy, which is likely to considerably enhance the literary value of their translations.
Cognitive script experiment In the worldview of literary text (based on Douglas Adams’ novel “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the galaxy”)
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Kozhanov D.A.
Published: December 2021

The article analyses the cognitive mechanisms of interpretation of the literary text viewed in the context of discourse interaction. As the article shows, being the elements of discourse, the cognitive structures determine the procedures of interpretation of the literary text. Viewed from the cognitive aspect, such interpretation consists in constituting new cognitive images in the reader’s mind on the basis of various discourse markers (scientific terms, syntactic patterns, etc.). The article demonstrates on the material of the English language the role of cognitive scripts, belonging to the scientific worldview, in arranging the plot of the literary text. The phenomenon of interpretation finds its manifestation in filling in the slots of the cognitive script in the process of reading the text. Considering the semantic potential of scientific discourse markers, the author reveals the influence of the scientific worldview on the literary world picture. The analysis of text fragments enables the author to conclude that the study of discourse interaction can prove useful in text analysis as it may help revealing the specificity of an author’s idiostyle and a reader’s interpretation of the text.
PNEUMATIC FRACTURING PROBLEMS FOR HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION AT GAS CONDENSATE FIELDS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Zezekalo Ivan Havrylovych , Dumenko Hanna Anatoliyivna
Published: December 2021

The current state of the oil and gas industry of Ukraine and the possibility of increasing the hydrocarbon base due to the introduction of fields with compacted reservoirs, which contain significant gas resources. Some methods of intensification of wells that are used in Ukraine, such as hydraulic fracturing and the GasGun method, are considered. Their main shortcomings are given: unforeseen situations of depressurization of the water horizon, use of large volumes of water, utilization of process water, incomplete release of rupture fluid from the reservoir, swelling and hydration of clay components of the reservoir, impossibility of use at extremely high temperatures and pressures. The world modern technologies based on the action of inert gases in hydrocarbon production are covered. Studies on the application of anhydrous rock breaks and intensification methods using inert gases are analyzed. The application of the method of pneumatic compaction of coal seams in Ukraine with the use of flue gases for the release of methane and degassing of coal mines is presented. Modern studies on the use of liquid nitrogen and liquefied carbon dioxide as fracturing agents with rocks with low filtration–capacity properties are presented. The main advantages of using nitrogen, liquefied and supercritical carbon dioxide as reservoir decompression agents are presented. It is proposed to study the method of pneumatic compaction on different samples of rocks in the laboratory using various agents and surfactants, select the appropriate reagents and develop technology for pneumatic rupture of hydrocarbon reservoirs as a cheap and environmentally friendly alternative to existing methods.
CIM-seq
Authors: Andrews Nathanael , Enge Martin
Published: December 2021

CIM-seq is a tool for deconvoluting RNA-seq data from cell multiplets (clusters of two or more cells) in order to identify physically interacting cell in a given tissue. The method requires two RNAseq data sets from the same tissue: one of single cells to be used as a reference, and one of cell multiplets to be deconvoluted. CIM-seq is compatible with both droplet based sequencing methods, such as Chromium Single Cell 3′ Kits from 10x genomics; and plate based methods, such as Smartseq2. The pipeline consists of three parts: 1) Dissociation of the target tissue, FACS sorting of single cells and multiplets, and conventional scRNA-seq 2) Feature selection and clustering of cell types in the single cell data set - generating a blueprint of transcriptional profiles in the given tissue 3) Computational deconvolution of multiplets through a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) to determine the most likely cell type constituents of each multiplet.
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Emergency Medicine Trainee Residents in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Quantitative Study
Authors: Khobrani Ahmad , Kentab Osama , Ibrahim Ahmad AAl , Abdellatif Gamil , Mosad Ahmed , Ibrahim Guiria , Aljahany Muna
Published: December 2021

Background: Psychological stress has been high among healthcare workers on the frontlines fighting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Emergency medicine (EM) residents are members of the frontline care teams in the fight against COVID-19, which puts them at a higher risk of psychological stress compared to other medical trainees. This study examined the psychological impact of this pandemic on EM trainee residents in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative study used a survey sent to EM trainee residents throughout Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire collected demographic data and included questions evaluating stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout experienced while working during the pandemic.Results: Of the 100 respondents eligible for inclusion, 85% were aged between 25 and 30, 32% were in the R1 training level, 52% were training in the Central region of Saudi Arabia, 92% were directly managing patients with COVID-19, 19% had been infected with COVID-19, 54% were satisfied with the personal protective equipment available, 52% were satisfied with the psychological support provided, and only 8% were aware of the psychological support program. Smokers (p-value = 0.025) and those training in the Southern region (p-value = 0.047) experienced the highest levels of anxiety. Those aged 31 to 35 (p-value = 0.014), smokers (p-value = 0.015), those in the R3 training level (p-value = 0.036), and those with relatives who had contracted COVID-19 (p-value = 0.02) reported the highest levels of depression. Those aged 36 to 40 (p-value = 0.015), who were married (p-value = 0.038), and those training in the Northern and Central regions (p-value = 0.002) experienced the highest levels of stress. Those aged 31 to 35 (p-value = 0.041), smokers (p-value = 0.044), and those with relatives who had contracted COVID-19 (p-value = 0.043) showed the highest levels of burnout.Conclusions: EM trainee residents have been exposed to significantly high psychological affectation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological support was underutilized if trainee residents were aware of it at all. Awareness workshops or on-the-job orientation for EM residents regarding psychological support is required.
Antimicrobial Prescription Practices for Outpatients with Cystitis: A Multicenter, Medical Record-Based Study
Authors: Takahashi Misa , Hagiya Hideharu , Higashionna Tsukasa , Nakano Yasuhiro , Sato Kota , Haruki Yuto , Haruki Mai , Honda Hiroyuki , Ogawa Hiroko , Ueda Keigo , Otsuka Fumio
Published: December 2021

To promote antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and appropriate antibiotic use, we studied antimicrobial prescription rates for uncomplicated cystitis, a common outpatient disease requiring antibiotic treatment in Japan. This multicenter retrospective study was performed from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020, targeting outpatients aged ≥20 years whose medical records revealed International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes suggesting uncomplicated cystitis (N300). We divided eligible cases into two age groups (20–49 years and ≥50 years) and defined broad-spectrum antimicrobials as fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, and faropenem. Primary and secondary outcomes were defined as the prescription rates of broad-spectrum antimicrobials for the disease and the association of antimicrobial types with recurrence. The data of 1,445 patients were collected and that of 902 patients were analyzed. The overall proportion of broad-spectrum antimicrobial prescriptions was 69.1%. The broad-spectrum agents were prescribed frequently in the older group, male patients, and internal medicine. Recurrence was observed in 37 (4.1%) cases, and age, sex, or antimicrobial types were not associated with the recurrence. Hence, approximately two-thirds of antimicrobials prescribed for uncomplicated cystitis were broad-spectrum agents. Administration of broad-spectrum antimicrobials was not associated with the prevention of the recurrence of cystitis.
A Theoretical Evaluation of the Efficiencies of Metal-Free 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Insights From Electron-Hole Separation Distance Analysis.
Authors: Coetzee Louis-Charl , Adeyinka Adedapo , Magwa Nomampondo
Published: December 2021

Herein, some novel metal-free 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds O1-O7 were evaluated for Photovoltaic properties using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations to determine if they can serve as metal-free organic dyes for the use of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). To understand the trends in the relative efficiencies of the investigated compounds as dyes in DSSCs, their electron contributions, hole contributions, and electron-hole overlaps for each respective atom and fragment within the molecule were analyzed with a particular focus on the electron densities on the anchoring segments. As transition density matrices (TDM) provide details for the departure of each electron from its corresponding hole during excitations, which results in charge transfer (CT), the charge separation distance (Δr) between the electron and its corresponding hole was studied as well as the degree of electron-hole overlap (Ʌ). The latter, single-point excitation energy of each electron, the percentage electron contribution to the anchoring segments of each compound, the incident-photon-conversion-efficiency (IPCE), charge recombination, light harvesting efficiency (LHE) electron injection (Φinj) and charge collection efficiency (ncollect) were then compared to Δr to determine whether the expected relationships hold. Moreover, parameters such as diffusion constant (Dπ) and electron lifetime (t), amongst others, were also used to describe electron excitation processes. Since IPCE is the key parameter in determining the efficiency, O3 was found to be the best dye due to its highest value.
Increased cognitive load in immersive virtual reality during visuomotor adaptation is associated with decreased long-term retention and context transfer
Authors: Juliano Julia Mae , Schweighofer Nicolas , Liew Sook-Lei
Published: December 2021

Background: Complex motor tasks in immersive virtual reality using a head-mounted display (HMD-VR) have been shown to increase cognitive load and decrease motor performance compared to conventional computer screens (CS). Separately, visuomotor adaptation in HMD-VR has been shown to recruit more explicit, cognitive strategies, resulting in decreased implicit mechanisms thought to contribute to motor memory formation. However, it is unclear whether visuomotor adaptation in HMD-VR increases cognitive load and whether cognitive load is related to explicit mechanisms and long-term motor memory formation.Methods: ﻿We randomized 36 healthy participants into three equal groups. All groups completed an established visuomotor adaptation task measuring explicit and implicit mechanisms, combined with a dual-task probe measuring cognitive load. Then, all groups returned after 24-hours to measure retention of the overall adaptation. One group completed both training and retention tasks in CS (measuring long-term retention in a CS environment), one group completed both training and retention tasks in HMD-VR (measuring long-term retention in an HMD-VR environment), and one group completed the training task in HMD-VR and the retention task in CS (measuring context transfer from an HMD-VR environment). A Generalized Linear Mixed-Effect Model (GLMM) was used to compare cognitive load between CS and HMD-VR during visuomotor adaptation, t-tests were used to compare overall adaptation and explicit and implicit mechanisms between CS and HMD-VR training environments, and ANOVAs were used to compare group differences in long-term retention and context transfer.Results: Cognitive load was found to be greater in HMD-VR than in CS. This increased cognitive load was related to decreased use of explicit, cognitive mechanisms early in adaptation. Moreover, increased cognitive load was also related to decreased long-term motor memory formation. Finally, training in HMD-VR resulted in decreased long-term retention and context transfer.Conclusions: Our findings show that cognitive load increases in HMD-VR and relates to explicit learning and long-term motor memory formation during motor learning. Future studies should examine what factors cause increased cognitive load in HMD-VR motor learning and whether this impacts HMD-VR training and long-term retention in clinical populations.