bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis of social media influencer impact: Key antecedents and theoretical foundations
Authors: Han Jiseon , Balabanis George
Published: October 2023

This meta‐analytic review offers a comprehensive framework for studying social media influencers by integrating multiple theoretical perspectives and measures. It analyzes 250 effect sizes from 53 studies, highlighting the significance of credibility, trustworthiness, and perceived expertise of social media influencers in shaping attitudinal outcomes. Source Credibility Theory emerges as the most robust explanatory framework, while Parasocial Interaction Theory and Congruity Theory also play essential roles. For behavioral outcomes, Source Credibility Theory and Congruity Theory remain influential, with moderate effects observed for homophily and variables from the two‐step flow model. Methodological diversity, geographical context, platform context, product context, and influencer type contribute to variations in effect sizes. These findings provide insights into social media influencer influence dynamics and guide future research. Moreover, they contribute to theory development by shedding light on the mechanisms and conditions underlying social media influencer influence on consumer attitudes and behaviors.
In vitro characterization of bionanocomposites with green silver nanoparticles: A step towards sustainable wound healing materials
Authors: Trotta Federico , Dony Alna , Mok Monica , Grillo Alessandra , Whitehead‐Clarke Thomas , Homer‐Vanniasinkam Shervanthi , Kureshi Alvena
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the characterization, antifungal activity, and biocompatibility of green agar/silver and collagen/silver bionanocomposite films for wound healing and cell growth scaffolds. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their antimicrobial properties, but their toxicity and harsh synthesis limit their applications. To address this, green‐synthesized AgNPs G‐AgNPs were incorporated into agar/collagen suspensions at specific concentrations and three different G‐AgNP‐agar and two different G‐AgNP‐col bionanocomposite films were produced. Nanoparticle homogeneity and film quality were characterized through SEM analysis. Mechanical properties were tested using a uniaxial tensile tester, revealing that the bioplastic control samples exhibited UTS of 3.86 MPa compared to 0.60 MPa for collagen, a 6‐fold improvement. Viable cell metabolic activity derived from MTT assay showed that Col‐4%AgNPs and Bio‐30%AgNPs had a 42.9% and 51.6% increase in net metabolic activity respectively compared to control on day 4. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation in G‐AgNP‐incorporated samples. Antifungal properties were evaluated against Cladosporium spores, able to cause severe diseases when in contact with human skins, following ISO 16869:2008 standards. The demonstrated unique properties and tunability of G‐AgNPs bionanocomposites can be employed in a variety of specialties for wound‐healing applications, to improve rate and quality of healing while reducing the risk of infection.
Effect of silica filler on peroxide cured ethylene propylene diene terpolymer insulation for large rocket motors
Authors: Jabez I. Kingstone Lesley , Das Urmila , Sudarshan Nakka
Published: October 2023

Non‐compatibility with double base propellant and nitrate ester plasticized polyether based propellant and poor aging resistance limit the overall life of sulfur cured EPDM insulation and warranted the development of peroxide cured EPDM insulation in order to reap the full benefits of EPDM insulation. This article describes the effect of silica filler on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and ablative properties of peroxide cured EPDM insulation, free from chlorosulphonated polyethylene and filled with conventional precipitated silica, which has been validated for the requirements of large composite rocket motor casing. Significant findings, which have been corroborated by instrumental techniques viz. DSC, TGA, FTIR, and SEM are presented in this article.
A narrative review on the role of genetics in children with acute recurrent pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Yu Bo , Yu Yi , Wang Xinqiong , Xu Chundi , Xiao Yuan
Published: October 2023

The incidence of pancreatitis in children has increased over the past two decades. With advances in molecular biological techniques and clinical research, genetic variations have emerged as a pivotal etiological factor in pediatric pancreatitis. This review aims to summarize recent clinical research advancements in understanding pediatric pancreatitis caused by various gene mutations. As of the year 2020, researchers had identified 12 genes implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. These genes primarily contributed to the development of pancreatitis through three mechanisms. Pancreatitis resulting from these gene mutations exhibits several distinct characteristics, including early onset, a heightened risk of developing pancreatic duct stones, rapid disease progression, and a significantly increased risk of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine dysfunction, as well as pancreatic cancer in the future. Genetic sequencing is recommended for children with pancreatitis based on six indications. The sequencing not only assists in the clinical diagnosis but also enhances our understanding of the pathophysiology of pancreatitis.
Study on tensile stress fluctuation of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and its bicrystalline block copolyesters (PBSEG)
Authors: Zhou Xiaoming , Wu Junwei , Yu Dongdong
Published: October 2023

Based on the stress fluctuation during the tensile process of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), the tensile behavior of biodegradable bicrystalline block copolyesters (PBSEG) synthesized using polycondensation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was further studied. The effects of tensile rate and temperature test conditions on the stress–strain behavior of bicrystalline block copolymer PBSEG were investigated by conducting tensile tests. The experimental results showed that when the mass content of polyethylene glycol in PBSEG was 60%, the material did not show obvious periodic stress fluctuation during the “cold drawing” stage of the stress–strain curve, but showed different and more complicated periodic curve changes. The stress fluctuation of PBSEG copolyester had the characteristics of small amplitude and short period. The elongation at break increased obviously, and the maximum elongation at break was more than 2000%. The analysis of morphology and structure showed that the surface morphology of PBSEG dumbbell bars did not show obvious alternating changes in structure, characterized by light and dark. Craze was the main cause of ductile fracture for PBS and PBSEG copolyesters. The tensile fracture of the two materials occurred in the stress fluctuation region.

Highlights

Small‐amplitude and short‐period stress fluctuation for PBSEG copolyester.

There was no alternating light and dark on the surface of the PBSEG stretched spline.

Craze was the main cause of ductile fracture for PBS and PBSEG copolyesters.

Tensile fracture of the materials occurred in the stress fluctuation region.
Molecular insight into endosulfan degradation by Ese protein from Arthrobacter: Evidence‐based structural bioinformatics and quantum mechanical calculations
Authors: Andrade‐Collantes Ernesto , Landeros‐Rivera Bruno , Sixto‐López Yudibeth , Bello‐Rios Ciresthel , Contreras‐García Julia , Tiznado José Antonio Garzón , Pedroza‐Torres Abraham , Camacho‐Pérez Beni , Montaño Sarita
Published: October 2023

Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide widely used for agricultural pest control. Many nations worldwide have restricted or completely banned it due to its extreme toxicity to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Arthrobacter sp. strain KW has the ability to degrade α, β endosulfan and its intermediate metabolite endosulfate; this degradation is associated with Ese protein, a two‐component flavin‐dependent monooxygenase (TC‐FDM). Employing in silico tools, we obtained the 3D model of Ese protein, and our results suggest that it belongs to the Luciferase Like Monooxygenase family (LLM). Docking studies showed that the residues V59, V315, D316, and T335 interact with α‐endosulfan. The residues: V59, T60, V315, D316, and T335 are implicated in the interacting site with β‐endosulfan, and the residues: H17, V315, D316, T335, N364, and Q363 participate in the interaction with endosulfate. Topological analysis of the electron density by means of the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and the Non‐Covalent Interaction (NCI) index reveals that the Ese‐ligands complexes are formed mainly by dispersive forces, where Cl atoms have a predominant role. As Ese is a monooxygenase member, we predict the homodimer formation. However, enzymatic studies must be developed to investigate the Ese protein's enzymatic and catalytic activity.
State‐dependent dynamics of extramembrane domains in the β2‐adrenergic receptor
Authors: Nikte Siddhanta V. , Joshi Manali , Sengupta Durba
Published: October 2023

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane‐bound signaling proteins that play an essential role in cellular signaling processes. Due to their intrinsic function of transmitting internal signals in response to external cues, these receptors are adapted to be highly dynamic in nature. The β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2AR) is a representative member of the family that has been extensively analyzed in terms of its structure and activation. Although the structure of the transmembrane domain has been characterized in the different functional states of the receptor, the conformational dynamics of the extramembrane domains, especially the intrinsically disordered regions are still emerging. In this study, we analyze the state‐dependent dynamics of extramembrane domains of β2AR using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We introduce a parameter, the residue excess dynamics that allows us to better quantify receptor dynamics. Using this measure, we show that the dynamics of the extramembrane domains are sensitive to the receptor state. Interestingly, the ligand‐bound intermediate state shows the maximal dynamics compared to either the active R*G or inactive R states. Ligand binding appears to be correlated with high residue excess dynamics that are dampened upon G protein coupling. The intracellular loop‐3 (ICL3) domain has a tendency to flip towards the membrane upon ligand binding, which could contribute to receptor “priming.” We highlight an important ICL1‐helix‐8 interplay that is broken in the ligand‐bound state but is retained in the active state. Overall, our study highlights the importance of characterizing the functional dynamics of the GPCR loop domains.
Eightwise Switching Mechanism in Memristive SrTiO3 Devices and Its Implications on the Device Performance
Authors: Sarantopoulos Alexandros , Waser Rainer , Dittmann Regina
Published: October 2023

Filamentary‐type resistive switching devices based on the valence change mechanism (VCM) have been studied extensively during the past decades, due to their great performance as nonvolatile memories and their promising nature for novel computing architectures. For many materials exhibiting the VCM, two different polarities can be observed, namely, counter‐eightwise and eightwise switching. The more technologically relevant materials, such as TaOx and HfOx, usually exhibit the counter‐eightwise resistive switching mode, however, the nature of its abrupt switching limits the potential for their implementation in more analog systems. On the contrary, the eightwise resistive switching mode exhibits a more gradual switching profile, which makes it a more suitable candidate for neuromorphic and in‐memory computing applications. Contrary to its counterpart, the eightwise switching mode has not been fully understood for several years, hampering the improvement of memristive devices based on this mode. This review presents the major advancements that have been made to understand the mechanism behind the eightwise switching mode and its implications on the properties of the memristive devices. The works presented here are based on the model system of SrTiO3, however, the obtained knowledge and the strategies to tailor their properties can be transferred to other technologically relevant systems.
Structural, Optical, Magnetic, and Magnetocaloric Properties of Sn2Mn2O7 Pyrochlore
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Rani Manjeet , Malik Vivek Kumar , Panwar Neeraj
Published: October 2023

A new pyrochlore compound Sn2Mn2O7 has been synthesized to investigate its structural, optical, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties. The refinement of the structure by Le Bail fitting reveals that the compound crystallizes into a monoclinic structure with P2/m space group. The reflectance spectrum has been recorded on a UV–vis spectrometer between the 200 and 800 nm wavelength range. The optical bandgap of the compound is found to be ≈3.06 eV. The skin depth, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and optical conductivity have also been computed. A magnetic transition has been observed at TC≈41 K in the magnetization versus temperature behavior. Arrott's plot confirms a second‐order magnetic phase transition, which is also established by the scaling analysis of magnetic entropy change. On the application of a 5 T magnetic field, the compound shows a maximum magnetic entropy change of 2.94 J kg−1 K−1 at a temperature ≈41 K with a relative cooling power of 41 J kg−1. The maximum magnetic entropy change values are higher than that reported for the Fe2Mn2O7 and smaller than for Al2Mn2O7 compound.
Effects of sumac supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bahari Hossein , Taheri Shaghayegh , Namkhah Zahra , Barghchi Hanieh , Arzhang Pishva , Nattagh‐Eshtivani Elyas
Published: October 2023

This systematic review aimed to gather data on the effects of sumac supplementation on lipid profile. A systematic literature search was carried out using electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) up to March 2023 to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of sumac intake on lipid profile as an outcome. All participants enrolled in our study were adult individuals who consumed sumac, in various forms, as an intervention. The included articles were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Heterogeneity tests of the selected trials were performed using the I2 statistic. Random effects models were assessed based on the heterogeneity tests, and pooled data were determined as the weighted mean difference with a 95% confidence interval. In total, seven RCTs with a total sample size of 570 subjects were included. This study found a significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC) (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −10.01 mg/dL; 95% CI: −18.67, −1.34), triglyceride (TG) (WMD: −8.52 mg/dL; 95% CI: −14.79, −2.25), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐C levels (WMD: −9.25 mg/dL; 95% CI: −14.56, −3.93); Moreover, a significant increase was observed in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐C concentration (WMD: 2.97 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.75, 5.19). The reduction in TG and TC was greater in studies with a duration of ≥12 compared to <12 weeks. The increase in HDL‐C was greater in participants with an intervention duration of ≥12 compared to <12 weeks. Moreover, subgroup analysis based on the dose of sumac suggested a significant reduction in TC and LDL, specifically for doses below 3 g. Consumption of sumac significantly decreased serum TC, LDL‐C, and TG concentrations. This study suggested significantly positive effects on HDL‐C by intake of sumac. Longer interventions (>12 weeks) have a more favorable impact on TC, LDL‐C, and HDL‐C, while sumac doses below 3 g/day show greater effects on TC and LDL‐C. These findings underscore the potential of sumac supplementation as a valuable approach to lipid profile management.
The need for health system strengthening in the wake of natural disasters: Lessons from the 2023 Türkiye–Syria earthquake
Authors: Manirambona Emery , Obnial Joseph Christian , Musa Shuaibu Saidu , Miranda Adriana Viola , Haruna Usman Abubakar , Shomuyiwa Deborah Oluwaseun
Published: October 2023

The 2023 Türkiye–Syria earthquake was reported as the largest earthquake of Mw7.8, resulting in over 50,783 and 7259 deaths in Turkey and Syria, respectively. It has also damaged numerous residential buildings and other essential infrastructures, thus rendering more than 850,000 children and 356,000 pregnant women homeless, forcing them into displacement and its dire consequences, such as inadequate temporary shelters, a lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), necessary for disease prevention, health promotion and maintenance. The disaster has disproportionately affected the Syrian refugee community in Turkey as it has fuelled disparities and discrimination, exacerbating the response to the disaster and forcing refugees to return to Syria due to dire living conditions. Minimizing the effects of the disaster on the communities is therefore essential. There is a need to strengthen health system resilience and emergency response to natural disasters to reduce and prevent the aftermath. Disaster preparedness plans should include regulations that ensure that local buildings and infrastructure are disaster‐resistant. Furthermore, it is vital to highlight the importance of funding and appropriate resource allocation for disaster risk reduction. These include improving plans and logistics for recovery efforts, adequate preparation of temporary shelters and evacuation centres and allocating necessities such as food and water. Investment in proper search and rescue response, a special workforce for response and the rebuilding of important infrastructure are crucial. Finally, response to disasters must be inclusive and prioritize vulnerable populations, such as children, the aged women and refugees.
Cut method for the multivariable Szeged‐like polynomial with application to hyaluronic acid
Authors: Tratnik Niko , Žigert Pleteršek Petra
Published: October 2023

Szeged‐like topological indices are commonly studied distance‐based molecular descriptors. These indices, together with related graph polynomials, offer valuable tools for characterising graph structures. Two new polynomials, the SMP polynomial and the edge‐SMP polynomial, have been recently introduced and allow efficient computation of Szeged, Mostar, and PI indices (note that the abbreviation SMP comes from the names of these indices). In this paper, we develop the cut method to compute different versions of the SMP polynomial in a much more general way. In particular, the multivariable Szeged‐like polynomial is introduced for any strength‐weighted graph. Moreover, it is shown how it can be computed using strength‐weighted quotient graphs obtained by a partition of the edge set coarser than the ‐partition. The developed approach is demonstrated by calculating weighted‐plus SMP polynomial and related topological indices for hyaluronic acid.
There is still little or no evidence that systematic phonics is more effective than common alternative methods of reading instruction: Response to Brooks (2023)
Authors: Bowers Jeffrey S.
Published: October 2023

Brooks (2023) rejects Bowers' (2020) conclusion that there is little or no evidence that systematic phonics is more effective than alternative teaching methods common in schools. He makes his case based on challenging my analysis of 4 or the 12 meta‐analyses reviewed in Bowers (2020). I show his criticisms are flawed and conclusions are unwarranted. I also briefly review the more recent PIRLS results that have been taken to support the claim that mandated synthetic systematic phonics has improved reading comprehension in England. This conclusion is also shown to be unjustified. I conclude there is still no reliable evidence that systematic phonics is best practice, that researchers should stop making strong claims based on the current evidence, and that the field needs to explore alternative approaches.
Risk of Developing Psychiatric Disease Among Adult Patients with Skin Disease: A 9-Year National Register Follow-Up Study in Norway
Authors: Balieva Flora , Abebe Dawit Shawel , Dalgard Florence J. , Lien Lars
Published: October 2023

Background

The existing association between skin disease and psychiatric comorbidity has gained attention during the last decades. Stress and mental illness can directly or indirectly affect skin disease, while dermatological conditions, known to impair life quality and mental well-being, can promote psychiatric conditions.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the risk of developing psychiatric disease among adult dermatological patients over a period of time. The secondary objective was to see which psychiatric disorders developed most commonly, and which skin diseases posed the greatest risk for later mental health issues.

Methods

Adult dermatological patients were followed for 9 years (2008–2016) using the Norwegian Patient Registry, for both outpatient and inpatient specialist healthcare services. Dermatological patients were identified during the first 2 years and were then followed for psychiatric comorbidity prospectively for the next 7 years.

Cox regression models were applied to estimate the risks of psychiatric disorders among patients with skin diseases. Estimates were adjusted for age and gender differences. Hazard risk ratios (HR) with 95% CI are reported.

Results

Dermatological patients developed depressive disorders most frequently (4.1% vs. 2.3% in non-dermatological participants), followed by anxiety disorders (3.3% vs. 1.8%), and adjustment disorders (2.6% vs. 1.5%). Developing depressive disorders showed the highest HR among dermatological patients, HR (95% CI) = 2.5 (2.4–2.5), followed by disorders related to alcohol use, HR (95% CI) = 2.2 (2.1–2.5), and anxiety disorders, HR (95% CI) = 2.1 (2.1–2.2). Papulosquamous disorders were the skin conditions with the highest HR for developing a mental health condition, with depressive disorder having HR (95% CI) = 2.6 (2.5–2.9); anxiety disorders at HR (95% CI) = 2.9 (2.7–3.1); and disorders related to alcohol use at HR (95% CI) = 3.2 (2.8–3.6).

Conclusions

The study demonstrates that having a skin disease doubles to triples the risk of developing a psychiatric illness within 7 years, especially depression, anxiety, and alcohol use compared with the general population.
Physics, Structures, and Applications of Fluorite‐Structured Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Hwang Junghyeon , Goh Youngin , Jeon Sanghun
Published: October 2023

The interest in ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJ) has been revitalized by the discovery of ferroelectricity in fluorite‐structured oxides such as HfO2 and ZrO2. In terms of thickness scaling, CMOS compatibility, and 3D integration, these fluorite‐structured FTJs provide a number of benefits over conventional perovskite‐based FTJs. Here, recent developments involving all FTJ devices with fluorite structures are examined. The transport mechanism of fluorite‐structured FTJs is explored and contrasted with perovskite‐based FTJs and other 2‐terminal resistive switching devices starting with the operation principle and essential parameters of the tunneling electroresistance effect. The applications of FTJs, such as neuromorphic devices, logic‐in‐memory, and physically unclonable function, are then discussed, along with several structural approaches to fluorite‐structure FTJs. Finally, the materials and device integration difficulties related to fluorite‐structure FTJ devices are reviewed. The purpose of this review is to outline the theories, physics, fabrication processes, applications, and current difficulties associated with fluorite‐structure FTJs while also describing potential future possibilities for optimization.
Ultra‐Stable ITO‐Free Organic Solar Cells and Modules Processed from Non‐Halogenated Solvents under Indoor Illumination
Authors: Müller David , Jiang Ershuai , Campos Guzmán Laura , Rivas Lázaro Paula , Baretzky Clemens , Bogati Shankar , Zimmermann Birger , Würfel Uli
Published: October 2023

Organic Photovoltaics (OPV) is a very promising technology to harvest artificial illumination and power smart devices of the Internet of Things (IoT). Efficiencies as high as 30.2% have been reported for OPVs under warm white light‐emitting diode (LED) light. This is due to the narrow spectrum of indoor light, which leads to an optimal bandgap of ≈1.9 eV. Under full sunlight, OPV devices often suffer from poor stability compared to the established inorganic PV technologies such as crystalline silicon. This study focuses on a potentially very cost‐effective Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) free cell stack with absorber materials processed from non‐halogenated solvents. These organic solar cells and modules with efficiencies up to 21% can already achieve remarkable stabilities under typical indoor illumination. Aging under 50,000 lux LED lighting leads to very little degradation after more than 11 000 h. This light dose corresponds to more than 110 years under 500 lux. For modules encapsulated with a flexible barrier, extrapolated lifetimes of more than 41 years are achieved. This shows that OPV is mature for the specific application under indoor illumination. Due to the large number of potential organic semiconducting materials, further efficiency increase can be expected.
Operando Spectroscopy Observation of Mo Clusters‐Ti3C2TX Catalyst/Support Interface's Dynamic Evolution in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Peng Fei , Yang Yu Qi , Xi1 Hong Yan , Si Yang , Chu Yong Heng , Su Xiao Zhi , Yan Wen Sheng , You Ting Ting , Gao Yu Kun , Wang Yu , Chen Wen Xing , Huang Yu Ying , Yin Peng Gang
Published: October 2023

The interaction between catalyst and support plays an important role in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution (HER), which may explain the improvement in performance by phase transition or structural remodeling. However, the intrinsic behavior of these catalysts (dynamic evolution of the interface under bias, structural/morphological transformation, stability) has not been clearly monitored, while the operando technology does well in capturing the dynamic changes in the reaction process in real time to determine the actual active site. In this paper, nitrogen‐doped molybdenum atom‐clusters on Ti3C2TX (MoACs/N‐Ti3C2TX) is used as a model catalyst to reveal the dynamic evolution of MoAcs on Ti3C2TX during the HER process. Operando X‐ray absorption structure (XAS) theoretical calculation and in situ Raman spectroscopy showed that the Mo cluster structure evolves to a 6‐coordinated monatomic Mo structure under working conditions, exposing more active sites and thus improving the catalytic performance. It shows excellent HER performance comparable to that of commercial Pt/C, including an overpotential of 60 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope (56 mV dec−1), and high activity and durability. This study provides a unique perspective for investigating the evolution of species, interfacial migration mechanisms, and sources of activity‐enhancing compounds in the process of electroreduction.
Nanotube‐Like Electronic States in [5,5]‐C90 Fullertube Molecules.
Authors: Jover Óscar , Martín‐Jiménez Alberto , Franklin Hannah M. , Koenig Ryan M. , Martínez José I. , Martín Nazario , Lauwaet Koen , Miranda Rodolfo , Gallego José M. , Stevenson Steven , Otero Roberto
Published: October 2023

Fullertubes, that is, fullerenes consisting of a carbon nanotube moiety capped by hemifullerene ends, are emerging carbon nanomaterials whose properties show both fullerene and carbon nanotube (CNT) traits. Albeit it may be expected that their electronic states show a certain resemblance to those of the extended nanotube, such a correlation has not yet been found or described. Here it shows a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) characterization of the adsorption, self‐assembly, and electronic structure of 2D arrays of [5,5]‐C90 fullertube molecules on two different noble metal surfaces, Ag(111) and Au(111). The results demonstrate that the shape of the molecular orbitals of the adsorbed fullertubes corresponds closely to those expected for isolated species on the grounds of density functional theory calculations. Moreover, a comparison between the electronic density profiles in the bands of the extended [5,5]‐CNT and in the molecules reveals that some of the frontier orbitals of the fullertube molecules can be described as the result of the quantum confinement imposed by the hemifullerene caps to the delocalized band states in the extended CNT. The results thus provide a conceptual framework for the rational design of custom fullertube molecules and can potentially become a cornerstone in the understanding of these new carbon nanoforms.
Igniting University Communities: Building Strategies that Empower an Energy Transition through Solar Energy Communities
Authors: Cristóbal Ana Belén , Narvarte Luis , Victoria Marta , Fialho Luís , Zhang Zhe , Sanz-Cuadrado Cristina , Bokalič Matevz
Published: October 2023

Universities as centers for innovation by nature can play a relevant role in serving as education hubs for citizens in energy, promoting individual and collective behavioral changes among community members. By collaborating with their own communities on the energy transition, universities can become more sustainable while providing firsthand experiences that can trigger new attitudes in their students and employees. In this framework, this article explores ways to create partnerships to establish energy communities and promote shared photovoltaic energy facilities in an inclusive manner, emphasizing the social impact of such actions. Four public universities in Aarhus, Évora, Ljubljana, and Madrid are challenged to explore the avenues for turning this vision into reality. In this article, the entire exploratory process is described and the various barriers encountered are highlighted.
Designing a bacterial cellulose‐based hydrogel incorporated with manganese sulfide and graphene oxide for green extraction of acrylamide in bread samples
Authors: Sereshti Hassan , Rezvani Fatemeh , Soltani Sara , Karami Faezeh , Nodeh Hamid Rashidi
Published: October 2023

A novel nanocomposite based on bacterial cellulose (BC) modified by manganese sulfide (MnS) decorated graphene oxide (GO) was prepared. The hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and adsorption/desorption techniques. The sorbent was employed for determining acrylamide in bread samples using micro‐solid‐phase extraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography. The extraction efficiency of prepared sorbent was 1.4‐fold higher than that of BC. The important extraction factors including elution conditions (acetonitrile 300 μL, 5 min), sorbent composition and mass (50 mg), adsorption time (7 min), sample solution pH (8), and salt effect (3% w/v) were considered for optimization of the method. The analytical merit was validated by assessing the preconcentration factor (178–225), limit of detection (1.56 μg/kg), limit of quantification (5.15 μg/kg), linearity (5.15–500 μg/kg), and determination coefficient (0.9845). The adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies demonstrated that the adsorption process followed the Langmuir model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The relative recoveries and relative standard deviations were 84%–106% and 2.4%–9.2%, respectively. This paper is the first report on the fabrication and use of BC doped with MnS‐GO composite for extraction of acrylamide in typical commercial bread samples.
Living in Anti‐Intellectual Times: Addressing Transgender Inclusion in Second Language Teaching and Teacher Education
Authors: Gray John
Published: October 2023

At a time of acrimonious debates globally about gender identity and expression, students who identify as transgender (including those who are nonbinary, genderqueer, and gender fluid) are particularly affected. Although erased from the curriculum, they (and the ontological challenge trans people pose to the cisheteropatriarchal gender order in general) are omnipresent in political and media discourse. This can be particularly challenging for teachers who are often unclear about the issues involved and unsure how to support these students to whom they have a duty of care. Despite decades of legislative reform across much of the world with regard to transgender rights, education sectors globally have been hesitant to include gender (and sexual) diversity in the curriculum. This article explores the complex set of reasons as to why this erasure persists in English Language Teaching. In doing so, it addresses the concepts of “reproductive futurism,” “hyper‐reactionary neoliberalism,” “postfascism,” “biological essentialism,” and the commercial logic of global edu‐business as key factors. The article concludes by considering some of the options for teaching and teacher education.
Prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) in shelter‐housed cats in the Central Valley of California, USA
Authors: Chen Daniel , López‐Pérez Andrés M. , Vernau Karen M. , Maggs David J. , Kim Soohyun , Foley Janet
Published: October 2023

Background

Non‐human animals are natural hosts for the virus causing COVID‐19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS‐CoV‐2]) and a diversity of species appear susceptible to infection. Cats are of particular concern because of their close affiliation with humans and susceptibility to infection. Cats also harbour feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). Our objectives were to document the prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 and FECV in feline populations with high turnover and movement among households in the Central Valley of California, USA.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of 128 shelter and foster cats and kittens in the Central Valley of California was performed from July to December 2020. PCR was performed on rectal and oropharyngeal samples to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA and on rectal samples to detect FECV RNA.

Results

Among 163 rectal and oropharyngeal fluid samples gathered from sheltered and fostered cats and kittens in central California, SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acids were not detected from any cat or kitten. In contrast, FECV nucleic acids were detected in 18% of shelter‐housed cats; 83% of these positive samples were collected from cats housed in adjacent cages.

Conclusions

These data may be helpful when considering the allocation of resources to minimise the harm of FECV and SARS‐CoV‐2 in household pets and shelter environments.
Mobilities Among Marginalized Youth in Morocco: Precariousness, Agency and Networks
Authors: Idrissi Boutaina Ismaili , Touhtou Rachid , Feixa Carles
Published: October 2023

The migration flows in the Mediterranean region have often been perceived as both a threat and an opportunity. This chapter delves into the current situation to examine the emerging migration patterns in Morocco, a country in the Southern Mediterranean basin, from the perspective of its role as a sending country. Specifically, our research aims to comprehend the dynamic processes of youth mobility within the Mediterranean basin. We seek to shed light on the migratory tendencies of marginalized youth, focusing on the post-Arab Spring generations, as well as the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on these movements. This study is grounded in an ethnographic fieldwork conducted among young people residing in Sale, the twin city of Rabat and the capital of Morocco. Employing a qualitative research approach, we engage in life narrative interviews with 22 young individuals who harbor aspirations of migrating. By exploring their life narratives, including their experiences, practices, and discursive imaginaries, our objective is to construct a comprehensive understanding of their lives and identify the factors that compel them to contemplate migration. Through a detailed analysis of these life narratives, we concentrate on the interconnected and often conflicting aspects of migratory trajectories. The aim is to highlight the pivotal role of individual agency in shaping migration culture, examining its sustainability, and uncovering potential alterations. By emphasizing the agency of youth, we aim to contribute to a deeper comprehension of the multifaceted nature of migration within the Mediterranean region.
Capturing Irregular Migrations Through a Macro-sociological Lens: The Harga Process in Twelve Steps from North Africa to Europe
Authors: Musette Mohamed Saib , Maamar Mohamed
Published: October 2023

Irregular migration is a worldwide phenomenon. Each country develops its vision and its actions generally without knowing either the magnitude or the depth of irregular migrations stock and flows. Each actor tries to develop its specific contribution to picture its complexity in the Mediterranean region, the world deadliest zone for migrants. We develop a global method to measure the process of irregular maritime migration in twelve steps from North Africa to Europe. Such a vision is a missing link in the governance of irregular migrations. The first sequence (entry) has three steps. Migration begins with the intention to leave. Then the prospects legitimize the move. Finally, the departure is decided. The final sequence (exit) has three options: installation, return to the country of origin or a new departure. Between these two sequences, we design the “black box” on the sea route, with six steps.This macroscopic view is based on field studies and data produced since this millennium particularly on harga from Maghreb Countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia).Each country can thus find its function in sharing information, hence contributing to the implementation of the first goal of the UN global compact for regular migration.
The Fenced Off Cities of Ceuta and Melilla: Mediterranean Nodes of Migrant (Im)Mobility
Authors: Ferrer-Gallardo Xavier , Gabrielli Lorenzo
Published: October 2023

This contribution examines the evolution of the border regime of Ceuta and Melilla since the cities joined the EU in 1986, and became crucial Mediterranean nodes of migrant (im)mobility towards the Schengen Area. The logic of border externalization has paved the way for a wide range of controversial migration control practices around the North African cities. These practices have been scrutinized from academic, journalistic and activist perspectives and their analysis has shed light, on the one hand, on the logic of exceptionality that governs the EU border regime in these cities, and on the other, on how both migrants and activists have challenged, denounced and resisted this regime, thus contributing to its constant reconfiguration. The text concludes by analyzing the consequences of two interrelated factors that have acted as vectors of change: firstly, the diplomatic-border “crisis” of May 2021, and secondly, the two years of border closure after the Covid-19 pandemic. Both factors have led to a new reconfiguration of cross-border mobility management in the region and, as the deadly events at the Melilla fence in June 2022 illustrate, to the consolidation of Spanish-Moroccan operational cooperation which entails the recrudescence of migratory obstruction practices at the EU external borders.
Mediterranean Migrations and Cities with Their Cultural Histories and Imaginaries: The Case of Marseille
Authors: Gastaut Yvan
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this chapter is to reflect on the way in which the image of a city, in our case Marseille, is essential in terms of its relationship to otherness. The imaginary of the welcoming city results from a narrative created by historians, along with political and cultural elites, and is hence a complex matter. Marseille is a classic example of the inherent challenge of controlling the image and reputation of a specifically Mediterranean city. We attempt to show how, especially since the beginning of the nineteenth century, the constant flux of migrants arriving at its port has given Marseille a certain vitality, and helped develop an image of cosmopolitanism. However, racism has always lurked in the shadows of this cosmopolitanism: Italian migrants, in particular, have been victims of violence, for instance, in 1881 during the Vespers of Marseille. After examining the principal writings of various orders that have shaped the city’s cosmopolitanism, this study will focus on the intensity of the post-colonial period. At the end of the Algerian War, the city was plagued with isolated attacks by individuals and groups on nationals from Mediterranean countries, such as those from the Maghreb. The situation had deteriorated so much by 1973 that the slightest skirmish could set off a powder keg of hatred. Indeed, the city seemed to be struggling with a supposedly very low “threshold of tolerance”, and it was only the combined will of the municipal elites, and certain cultural and intellectual circles, which led to an improvement in the management of diversity, notably under Vigouroux from 1986 to 1995. Numerous interventions were initiated to create a “living together” urbanity under the slogan of “proud to be Marseillais”, but this urbanity remains fragile, as the representations of Marseille's cosmopolitanism are uncertain and confused.
Infrastructure Development and Environmental Change: A Case Study of Forced (Im)mobility in the Mhamid Oasis (Southern Morocco)
Authors: Sobczak-Szelc Karolina
Published: October 2023

The growing amount of hydropower production causes changes in both the social and natural environments. The positive impact of it is appreciated by actors outside the project area. At the same time, those living in the affected river basin face most of the negative consequences, often compensated within a benefit-sharing system. Excluded from compensation are, however, those who live in distant areas, even if they lose their life’s assets, which pushes them to forced (im)mobility. This chapter is based on research into the example of the Mhamid Oasis in Southern Morocco between 2015 and 2019. It explores the complex relationship between socio-economic and environmental factors influencing the (im)mobility decision. The results are based on desk research, a micro census, semi-structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews with household heads, environmental field studies, and analysis of available imagery data. The results show that agriculture in the Mhamid area faces environmental constraints that appeared when the delivery of water to the oasis was limited by the construction of the Mansour Eddahbi Dam. As household income from agriculture is related to environmental changes, household members were pushed to income diversification, mostly through mobility. Therefore, Mhamid Oasis also should be covered by the benefit-sharing rule to counteract the negative impact of these changes.
(Im-)Mobility Partnerships: Limits to EU Democracy Promotion Through Mobility in the Mediterranean
Authors: Panebianco Stefania , Cannata Giuseppe
Published: October 2023

In the aftermath of the Arab Uprisings, the relations of the European Union (EU) with the Southern neighbourhood countries (SNCs) were reframed in the light of a new élan of democracy promotion, epitomised in the Communication on a partnership for democracy and shared prosperity (European Commission, A partnership for democracy and shared Prosperity with the Southern Mediterranean, COM (2011) 200 final. European Commission, Brussels, 2011a). The underlying logic of this approach was to leverage the building and consolidation of democracy and rule of law through EU conditional support for Mediterranean partners in terms of more ‘markets, money and mobility.’ This chapter aims to critically analyse cooperation on mobility within the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), focusing on the case of Mobility Partnerships (MPs) in the Southern neighbourhood. Existing MPs and EU-SNCs agreements on migration and mobility challenge the mobility-democracy nexus advocated by the EU. When it comes to a trade-off between cooperation with authoritarian governments to ensure stability and democracy promotion, the EU tends to prioritise the former. Looking at the content of MPs with Tunisia, Morocco and Jordan, the chapter draws some useful considerations on the extent to which policy tools such as the MPs are constrained into a stability-democracy dilemma, contending that the EU is unable to promote democracy in the Southern neighbourhood via ‘more mobility’.
Migrants and Refugees in the Mediterranean Cities: Reception, Regulation and Actors – Tunisia a Case Study
Authors: Boubakri Hassen
Published: October 2023

Based on the case study of Tunisian cities, this chapter focuses on how these cities have been involved in a variety of initiatives, actions and programs in order to provide assistance and seek to integrate foreign migrants on their territories. The aim is to describe their main patterns of reception and to compare them, when fruitful.

The targeted cities are those of the border region with Libya and Sfax and Sousse, with different migratory contexts from one city to another. Two major turning points have been investigated: (1) the migration waves of 2011 which coincided with the “Arab uprisings”, when the cities of South-East Tunisia were in the forefront in welcoming and assisting migrant workers and Libyan families fleeing the war and (2) The Covid-19 global health crisis between 2020–2021, during which many Tunisian cities organized campaigns in aid of migrants in precarious conditions.

After having launched, from 2018 to 2021, a process of decentralization and transfer of competences and means from the Centre to the local authorities, the political change of 2021 (presidential coup) has stopped the process by abolishing the Ministry of Local Affairs and attaching the municipalities to the Ministry of the Interior. Many municipal officials expressedfears that Central authorities will return to dominate local communities.
Media, Public Opinion and Migration Policies in Euro-mediterranean Countries: The Case of France
Authors: Ayoub Maysa
Published: October 2023

Irregular migration from the southern shore of the Mediterranean to the northern shore is on the rise since 2011. This chapter concerns itself with how the media and the public in Northern Mediterranean countries reacted to this movement and how such reaction is concurrent with the policy debate. Focusing on France as a case study of a Northern Mediterranean country, the chapter reviews media coverage, public opinion surveys as well as the parliamentary debates in France between 2013–2016 which signified the peak of the movement. The review indicates that the policy debate as well as the legislation adopted were concurrent with public opinion. The chapter also concludes that the media and public’s perception of immigrants from Southern Mediterranean countries is mostly negative. Such negative perception and the associated policy that restrict migratory movement reflect the asymmetrical power relations between the two shores of the Mediterranean and France’ collective memory of migration. The French public perception of irregular migration is directly linked to the failure of earlier immigration and integration policies. The chapter concludes by pinpointing to the importance of approaching migration in the Mediterranean from a historical perspective.