bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Spine Surgery
Authors: Shaikh Mushtaq A
Published: July 2019

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) encompasses a variety of neurological testing modalities used during surgery to monitor, identify, and potentially prevent iatrogenic complications to the nervous system and the blood supply to it or adjacent tissue. It has been used to monitor integrity of the neural pathway during spinal, neurological, cranial, and vascular procedures. Specific tests are designed to the clinical need of the surgery. Modalities may include: Somatosensory evoked potentials, motor evoked potentials, spontaneous or triggered electromyography, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, visual evoked potentials, electroencephalogram, and electrocorticography. During spinal surgery, a wide variety of procedures are utilized in which the spinal cord, nerve roots, and key blood vessels are frequently placed at risk from iatrogenic injury. Multimodal IONM relies on the strengths of different types of neurophysiological modalities to maximize the diagnostic efficacy in regard to sensitivity and specificity in the detection of impending neural injury. Thorough knowledge of the benefits and limitations of each modality helps in optimizing the diagnostic value of IONM during spinal procedures. As spinal surgeries continue to evolve, the value of neuromonitoring will also continue to become more prominent.

How to cite this article

Shaikh MA. Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Spine Surgery. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(2):89-94.
A Review of the Current Status of Mind Body Medicine in Obstetric and Gynecology Practice
Authors: Hariharan Chella , Sinha Ananya , Chaudhary Rahul K
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Mind body therapies (MBTs) are gaining popularity. Clinicians need to be aware of the current evidence-base supporting or refuting their applicability in obstetric and gynecology practice.

Methods

An electronic search of Medline was carried out for review articles, meta-analysis and randomized control trials (RCTs) for use of MBTs in obstetrics and gynecology from the year 2000.

Results

Yoga, acupuncture, behavioral therapies and hypnotherapy are widely used. Yoga has applications in dysmenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), pregnancy and menopausal symptoms. Acupuncture has applications in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), in-vitro fertilization (IVF), dysmenorrhea and has been used for menopausal symptoms, endometriosis and lactation. Behavioral therapy has applications in menopausal symptoms and FHA. Hypnotherapy has been used in FHA and pregnancy.

Discussion

Numerous trials and reviews have been carried out for the applications of MBTs in obstetrics and gynecology. However, these are heterogenous, have small sample size, methodological flaws and only provide short-term results. While we await large scale, well-designed RCTs, current evidence does not permit the use of MBTs as primary therapies. They can be used as adjuncts, but with caution as side effects though claimed to be negligible, have been largely underreported in trials.

Abbreviations

APGAR: Appearance pulse grimace activity respiration; CBT: Cognitive behavioral therapy; FHA: Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea; GnRH: Gonadotropin releasing hormone; HPA: Hypothalamic-pituitary axis; HPG: Hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis; HRT: Hormone replacement therapy; IVF: In vitro fertilization; LH: Luteinizing hormone; MBSR: Mindful-based stress reduction; MBT: Mindbody therapy; PCOS: Polycystic ovarian syndrome; RCT: Randomized control trial; TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone.

How to cite this article

Hariharan C, Sinha A, Chaudhary RK. A Review of the Current Status of Mind Body Medicine in Obstetric and Gynecology Practice. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3):vii-xi.
Thyroid and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Malhotra Narendra , Tandon Amit , Kumari S Shantha , Agrawal Ayush
Published: July 2019

Pregnancy acts, like a stress test for the thyroid gland and results in hypothyroidism in women who are iodine deficient or have limited thyroid reserve, and postpartum thyroiditis in previously euthyroid women with underlying Hashimoto's thyroiditis. However, there is inconclusive evidence to recommend for or against the universal serum TSH screening at the 1st trimester visit of a pregnant woman and trimester specific cut-off values should be used for monitoring the thyroid function (whenever performed). Nonspecific complaints, like irritability or anxiety in a postpartum lady should be investigated to rule out postpartum thyroiditis and not merely considered as maladjustment on the part of the lady. Thyroid nodules can grow in size during pregnancy but usually are well tolerated and can be operated postpartum. If deemed necessary during pregnancy, surgery should be carried out in the 2nd trimester for the same.
Oral Presentation VI
Authors: Kim Woo Young , Lee Jeonghun , Soh Euy-Young
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most frequent subtype among thyroid cancers. Lymph node (LN) metastases are frequent in PTC and the incidence is 60% on average. Recent studies have shown that there has been an increase in the mortality or recurrence with LN metastases and that more than 5 metastatic LNs are clinically important. Therefore, we investigated clinicopathologic factors associated with clinically important LN metastases.

METHODS

From January 2010 to October 2013, we retrospectively enrolled 2,628 PTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy at Ajou University Hospital. Among 1,425 patients with LN metastasis, 325 had ≥ 5 LN metastases.

RESULTS

In univariate analysis, young age (< 45 year), male gender, capsular invasion, multiplicity, tumor size, and lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.001) were statistically associated with both LN metastasis and ≥ 5 LN metastases. However, Braking Action Fair (BRAF) mutation was not important to predict LN metastasis (p > 0.05). In multivariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion was the most important factor (odds ratio: 4.7, 4.0) among other clinicopathologic factors (odds ratio:< 2.1).

CONCLUSION

Braking Action Fair (BRAF) mutation was not useful to predict the LN metastasis. However, lymphovascular invasion was the most important factor to predict more than five cervical LN metastasis which is very important clinically.
Oral Presentation VIII
Authors: Liu Jia , Chen Guang
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Activin, a member of the transforming growth factor beta protein family, was originally isolated from gonadal fluids and stimulates the release of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Activin has numerous functions in both normal and neoplastic cells. Although it was suggested that gonadal tissue is the primary site of activin production, several extragonadal sources have subsequently been identified, including human thyrocytes.

METHODS

In our study, serum levels of activin A were measured by chemiluminescence, and the expression of receptors of activin A in thyroid tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry in female patients with thyroid papillary cancer [stage I (n = 60), stage II (n = 60), stage III (n = 60), stage IV (n = 60)] and in normal controls (n = 60).

RESULTS

The serum levels of activin A were no significantly different between patients with thyroid papillary cancer and normal controls as well as different stages. But the expressions of receptors of activin A were greater in patients with thyroid papillary cancer than in normal controls. And the positive rates of receptor expression were significantly more in stage III and IV than in stage I and II.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this study demonstrates that serum levels of activin A undergo no significant changes when thyroid papillary cancer occurs. The thyroid gland is not the predominant source of activin A. The expressions of receptors of activin A were significantly greater in patients with thyroid papillary cancer than in normal controls. And the positive rates of receptor expressions were associated with the severity of cancer. Because activin A may exert negative action on thyrocyte proliferation, it is conceivable that the increase in the receptor of activin A in thyroid papillary cancer might represent a counteracting mechanism.
Use of Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft for Root Coverage
Authors: Gujjari Sheela Kumar , Harsha MB , Prasad Deepak
Published: July 2019

Until recently, periodontal therapy was predominantly focused on establishing biologically and functionally stable periodontium. The presence of mucogingival problems and gingival recession around anterior teeth exemplifies a situation in which a treatment modality that addresses not only biological and functional but also esthetic demands are required from the periodontist. The advent of procedure such as subepithelial connective tissue graft in the mid-1980s and its various modifications thereafter, have led to improved and more predictable outcomes of root coverage. Thus, the present day clinicians have become more capable of addressing the esthetic demands of their patients. This case report shows the usage of subepithelial connective tissue graft for root coverage of upper right first premolar, which shows successful root coverage with a stable result. The technique used here created a healthy, functional and esthetic gingival unit that appeared resistant to further breakdown at a 6-month follow-up.
On the sources and sinks of atmospheric VOCs: an integrated analysis of recent aircraft campaigns over North America
Authors: Chen Xin , Millet Dylan B. , Singh Hanwant B. , Wisthaler Armin , Apel Eric C. , Atlas Elliot L. , Blake Donald R. , Bourgeois Ilann , Brown Steven S. , Crounse John D. , de Gouw Joost A. , Flocke Frank M. , Fried Alan , Heikes Brian G. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Mikoviny Tomas , Min Kyung-Eun , Müller Markus , Neuman J. Andrew , O'Sullivan Daniel W. , Peischl Jeff , Pfister Gabriele G. , Richter Dirk , Roberts James M. , Ryerson Thomas B. , Shertz Stephen R. , Thompson Chelsea R. , Treadaway Victoria , Veres Patrick R. , Walega James , Warneke Carsten , Washenfelder Rebecca A. , Weibring Petter , Yuan Bin
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We apply a high-resolution chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM) with
updated treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and a comprehensive
suite of airborne datasets over North America to (i) characterize the VOC
budget and (ii) test the ability of current models to capture the
distribution and reactivity of atmospheric VOCs over this region. Biogenic
emissions dominate the North American VOC budget in the model, accounting
for 70 % and 95 % of annually emitted VOC carbon and reactivity,
respectively. Based on current inventories anthropogenic emissions have
declined to the point where biogenic emissions are the dominant summertime
source of VOC reactivity even in most major North American cities. Methane
oxidation is a 2× larger source of nonmethane VOCs (via production
of formaldehyde and methyl hydroperoxide) over North America in the model
than are anthropogenic emissions. However, anthropogenic VOCs account for
over half of the ambient VOC loading over the majority of the region owing to
their longer aggregate lifetime. Fires can be a significant VOC source
episodically but are small on average. In the planetary boundary layer
(PBL), the model exhibits skill in capturing observed variability in total
VOC abundance (R2=0.36) and reactivity (R2=0.54). The same is
not true in the free troposphere (FT), where skill is low and there is a
persistent low model bias (∼ 60 %), with most (27 of 34)
model VOCs underestimated by more than a factor of 2. A comparison of PBL : FT
concentration ratios over the southeastern US points to a misrepresentation
of PBL ventilation as a contributor to these model FT biases. We also find
that a relatively small number of VOCs (acetone, methanol, ethane,
acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, isoprene + oxidation products, methyl
hydroperoxide) drive a large fraction of total ambient VOC reactivity and
associated model biases; research to improve understanding of their budgets
is thus warranted. A source tracer analysis suggests a current overestimate
of biogenic sources for hydroxyacetone, methyl ethyl ketone and glyoxal, an
underestimate of biogenic formic acid sources, and an underestimate of
peroxyacetic acid production across biogenic and anthropogenic precursors.
Future work to improve model representations of vertical transport and to
address the VOC biases discussed are needed to advance predictions of ozone
and SOA formation.
Wind sensing with drone mounted wind lidars: proof of concept
Authors: Vasiljević Nikola , Harris Michael , Tegtmeier Pedersen Anders , Rolighed Thorsen Gunhild , Pitter Mark , Harris Jane , Bajpai Kieran , Courtney Michael
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The fusion of drone and wind lidar technology introduces the exciting possibility of performing high-quality wind measurements virtually anywhere for substantially lower costs than established in-situ and remote sensing techniques. In this paper we will present a proof of concept (POC) drone-lidar system and report results from several test campaigns that demonstrate its ability to measure accurate wind speeds. The POC system is based on a dual-telescope Continuous Wave (CW) lidar, with drone-borne telescopes and ground-based opto-electronics. Commercially available drone and gimbal units are employed. The demonstration campaigns started with a series of comparisons of the wind speed measurements acquired by the POC system to simultaneous measurements performed by nearby mast based sensors. Generally very good agreement was found. Subsequently the extent of the flow disturbance caused by the drone downwash was investigated. These tests vindicated the somewhat conservative choice of lidar measurement range made for the initial wind speed comparisons. Overall, the excellent results obtained without any drone motion correction and with fairly primitive drone position control indicate the potential of drone-lidar systems in terms of accuracy and applications. The next steps in the development are outlined in the paper and several potential applications are discussed.
Continuous, near-real-time observations of water stable isotope ratios during rainfall and throughfall events
Authors: Herbstritt Barbara , Gralher Benjamin , Weiler Markus
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The water isotopic composition of throughfall is affected
by complex diffusive exchange with ambient water vapour, evaporative
enrichment of heavy isotopes, and mixing processes in the tree canopy. All
interception processes occur simultaneously in space and time, generating a
complex pattern of throughfall depth and water isotopic composition. This
pattern ultimately cascades through the entire hydrologic system and is
therefore crucial for isotope studies in catchment hydrology, where recharge
areas are often forested, while reference meteorological stations are
generally in the open. For the quasi real-time observation of the water
isotopic composition (δ18O and δ2H) of both
gross precipitation and throughfall, we developed an approach combining a
membrane contactor (Membrana) with a laser-based Cavity Ring-Down
Spectrometer (CRDS, Picarro), obtaining isotope readings every 2 s.
A setup with two CRDS instruments in parallel analysing gross precipitation
and throughfall simultaneously was used for the continuous observation of
the temporal effect of interception processes on the stable isotopes of
water. All devices were kept small to minimize dead volume with time lags of
only 4 min for water from the rainfall collectors to the isotope
analysers to increase the temporal resolution of isotope observations. Complementarily, meteorological variables were recorded at high temporal
resolution at the same location. The achieved evolution from discrete liquid
or event-based bulk samples to continuous measurements allows for direct
comparison of water stable isotope data with common meteorological
measurements. Future improvements of the spatial representativeness will
make our approach an even more powerful tool towards detailed insight into the
dynamic processes contributing to interception during rainfall events.
A hydrodynamic model for Galveston Bay and the shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Du Jiabi , Park Kyeong , Shen Jian , Zhang Yinglong J. , Yu Xin , Ye Fei , Wang Zhengui , Rabalais Nancy N.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A 3-D unstructured-grid hydrodynamic model for the
northern Gulf of Mexico was developed, with a hybrid s–z vertical grid and
high-resolution horizontal grid for the main estuarine systems along the
Texas–Louisiana coast. This model, based on the Semi-implicit Cross-scale
Hydroscience Integrated System Model (SCHISM), is driven by the observed
river discharge, reanalysis atmospheric forcing, and open boundary
conditions from global HYCOM output. The model reproduces the temporal
and spatial variation of observed water level, salinity, temperature, and
current velocity in Galveston Bay and on the shelf. The validated model was
applied to examine the remote influence of neighboring large rivers,
specifically the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River (MAR) system, on
salinity, stratification, vertical mixing, and longshore transport along the
Texas coast. Numerical experiments reveal that the MAR discharge could
significantly decrease the salinity and change the stratification and
vertical mixing on the inner Texas shelf. It would take about 25 and 50 d
for the MAR discharge to reach the mouth of Galveston Bay and Port Aransas,
respectively. The influence of the MAR discharge is sensitive to the wind field.
Winter wind constrains the MAR freshwater to form a narrow lower-salinity
band against the shore from the Mississippi Delta all the way to the
southwestern Texas coast, while summer wind reduces the downcoast longshore
transport significantly, weakening the influence of the MAR discharge on
surface salinity along Texas coast. However, summer wind causes a much
stronger stratification on the Texas shelf, leading to a weaker vertical
mixing. The decrease in salinity of up to 10 psu at the mouth of Galveston
Bay due to the MAR discharge results in a decrease in horizontal density
gradient, a decrease in the salt flux, and a weakened estuarine circulation and
estuarine–ocean exchange. We highlight the flexibility of the model and its
capability to simulate not only estuarine dynamics and shelf-wide transport,
but also the interactions between them.
“Populism” versus “Popular”
Authors: Demirel-Pegg Tijen
Published: July 2019

This article discusses two main issues Ziarek highlights regarding populist social movements. The first one is the exclusionary stance populist movements take when contending for power in a democratic society. The second one is the repressive response to contenders when populist movements are in power. The underlying characteristic in both issues is that populists movements assume an anti-pluralist stance against other contending alternatives. Therefore, the distinction between “popular” and “populist” is an important one.
Response to Allen Dunn’s “Ethics, Identity, and Political Mediation in Right-Wing American Populism”
Authors: Bradley M. Todd
Published: July 2019

Allen Dunn’s article is based on American right-wing populist groups that feel undermined and alienated. Right-wing populist groups feel a sense of abandonment and that their real (or perceived) demands are not being addressed by the government. Dunn’s article could have advanced this conversation by addressing questions such as these: How does a federalist democracy like the United States reconcile opposition voices (or ideological-minority voices)? Likewise, who defines liberty, oppression, and subversion or fairness in society? And since all populist (left- and right-wing) groups tend to be anti-pluralist, how can political mediation in American-style democracy exist?
اختصاصيو المكتبات الأكاديمية كعمال معرفة : دراسة حالة
مكتبة الجامعة الأردنية
Authors: حمارشة أماني , علاونة أفنان
Published: July 2019

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى استكشاف العوامل التي تؤثر في موظفي المكتبات
الجامعية وتؤدي إلى نجاح الموظف
كعامل معرفة ، واندماجه في الأدوار الحديثة التي تتبناها المكتبات ،
بالإضافة إلى دورها الرئيس كمزود للكتب
والمراجع في الوقت الذي تعتبر فيه المكتبة الأكاديمية أحد أبرز أنواع
المكتبات التي تتبنى التقنيات المعرفية
الحديثة وتخدم الشريحة الواسعة في مجتمع المعرفة، وبسبب الدور المهم
لأخصائيي المكتبات الأكاديمية
في هذا المجال، تحاول هذه الدراسة تسليط الضوء على واقع اعتبار هذه الفئة
من العاملين كعمال معرفة،
والتحديات التي تواجههم، والاحتياجات التدريبية التي تعزز مكانتهم كعمال
معرفة ، وقد اتخذت الدراسة من
مكتبة الجامعة الأردنية حالة دراسية بوصفها مركزاً للعديد من الباحثين،
وللنشاطات الثقافية المتعددة ،
وممثلة للجامعات الأردنية التي تعتبر أم الجامعات في الأردن، بالإضافة إلى
كونها مركزاً لإيداع الرسائل الجامعية
من مختلف أقطار الوطن العربي ، وهي من أكبر المكتبات العربية في المنطقة من
ناحية عدد المقتنيات.
وتعتمد الدراسة المنهج التحليلي الإحصائي. وقد تم اعتماد الاستبيان كأداة
لجمع المعلومات، ويتكون استبيان
الدراسة من ثلاثة محاور رئيسية هي : )البيانات الديموغرافية، ومقومات إدارة
المعرفة وتمثلت في هذه الدراسة
ب: إدارة المعرفة الضمنية والظاهرة، ومدى توفر متطلبات إدارة المعرفة، و
مهارات العاملين في مكتبة الجامعة
الأردنية و تضمنت هذه المحاور العديد من النقاط المهمة مثل : الاستراتيجيات
والمتطلبات التنظيمية، والبنية
التكنولوجية، والموارد البشرية المتوافرة )ومهاراتهم(، ومشاركة المعرفة
الضمنية وتبادل الخبرات، وتم اعتماد
المتغير التابع المتمثل بالعاملين في المكتبة كعمال للمعرفة(، وأظهرت
النتائج أن جميع المتغيرات المستقلة
كان لها دور في اعتبار العاملين في مكتبة الجامعة الأردنية عمالاً للمعرفة،
وقد أشارت الدراسة أيضاً إلى استفتاء
بسيط قامت به الباحثتان ، حيث تم تسليط الضوء على الأدوار التي يقوم بها
العاملون في مكتبة الجامعة
الأردنية بالإضافة إلى كونهم مزودي معرفة ، وهو الدور المعتاد لأي شخص يقوم
بالعمل في المكتبات الأكاديمية
، وذلك ليتم بيان الدور الذي تقوم به مكتبة الجامعة الأردنية حالياً كمجتمع
معرفة ، ولدعم نتائج الفرضيات التي
تمت دراستها والتي تعتبر العاملين فيها عمالاً للمعرفة، بل ويمكن أن يطلق
على بعضهم أخصائيو معرفة.
الصور الذهنية لمهنة المكتبات والمؤسسات المعلوماتية ومستقبلها
Authors: القبلان نجاح قبلان
Published: July 2019

إن مواجهة التحديات التي تواجهه المكتبات ومؤسسات المعلومات والتطلع لريادة تطوير هذه المهنة ضمن
التقدم الهائل للتقنية وحركة العولمة الشاملة لكل شيء في الحياة والمنافسة في مجال إدارة الأعمال والاقتصاد
لابد ان ينطلق من الصورة الذهنية الاجتماعية بداية لهذه المهنة؛ حيثُ تمثل الصورة الذهنية مجموعه المعارف
والأفكار و المعتقدات التي تتكون في اذهان الناس عن ماضي هذه المؤسسات المعلوماتية و حاضرها و
مستقبلها ودورها العلمي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي ويمكن السياسي أيضاً ... وسواء تكونت هذه الصورة من
التجربة المباشرة أو غير المباشرة؛ وسواء كانت عقلانية تعتمد على الأدلة والوثائق أو أنها صور غير رشيدة
تقوم على الإشاعات والأقوال غير الموثقة. لكنها في النهاية تمثل واقعاً صادقاً بالنسبة لمن يحملونها في
رؤوسهم ولن تتطور هذه المؤسسات مالم تصحح تلك الصور في ذهان المجتمع لتعزيز مكانتها المهنة ودعم
مسارات تعليمها وانتاجها وخدمات مؤسساتها. وعليه يهدف هذا البحث إلى الكشف عن الصورة الذهنية
لمهنة المكتبات والمعلومات من خلال دراسة منهجية تحاول المساهمة في التعرف على كيف يرى المجتمع
هذه المهنة، وبناء على نتائج الدراسة تم اقتراح توصيات يأمل أن تعزز من الفهم الحقيقي لمهنة المكتبات
والمعلومات؛ وتسهم في وضع خطط واقعية لتطوير المؤسسات التعليمية والمؤسسات الخدمية وكذلك
الجمعيات العلمية لترفع من الانطباعات الذاتية للأفراد والجماعات لتتوافق مع الطموح الحالي والمستقبلي
لمهنة المكتبات والمعلومات والقائمين على تطويرها.

والتزود بالمهارات والخبرات الضرورية وخاصة في الفهرسة والتصنيف بما تؤهلهم من القيام بعمل الدورات
التدريبية، والتدرب على برامج نظم وتقنية المعلومات ومهارات الحاسب الالي وإدارة قواعد البيانات الالكترونية
عبر الانترنت، والمشاركة من خلال شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي للتسويق بالمهنة وخاصة الفهرسة من خلال
إنشاء صفحات على الفيس بوك خاصة بالفهرسة، بالإضافة الى إنشاء المدونات الالكترونية.
واقع استخدام استراتيجيات البحث
من قبل PubMed في قاعدة بيانات
أعضاء هيئة التدريس بكلية عمان
الطبية بصحار وأثر التدريب على دقة
الاسترجاع
Authors: كلو صباح محمد , المعمري محمد بن مبارك بن محمد
Published: July 2019

المقدمة يعد مجال الطب من المجالات التي تحظى باهتمام فكري عالمي واسع ينتج كما هائلا من المعلومات
الطبية المتجددة، ولاشك أن ذلك ما يجعل من الباحث يواجه صعوبات في البحث و الوصول إلى كل ما له
صلة بموضوع بحثه. ومن هنا تبرز الحاجة إلى معرفة المستفيد بخصائص قواعد البيانات الطبية اعتماد
عدد من استراتيجيات البحث التي يتطلب منه استخدامها للحصول على المعلومات التي تلائم موضوع
بحثه.

ولعل ابرز الصعوبات التي يوجهها الباحث في بناء استراتيجيات بحث مناسبة تكمن في تعدد وجهات
النظر والمعالجات الموضوعية والشكلية المتعلقة بموضوع معين, كالتشخيص والتأثير الدوائي
والإحصاءات وغيرها من الجوانب الاخرى, إضافة إلى صعوبة تحديد المصطلح العلمي الذي يُلائم موضوع
بحثه مما يتطلب من الباحث مهارة وخبرة جيدة في صياغة استراتيجيات بحثة مع الاستعانة بقوائم رؤوس
موضوعات ذات الصلة بالموضوع.

وتعد قاعدة بيانات
إمكانات الوصول الى العديد من المصادر المتنوعة في مجالات الطب والعلوم الصحية، فضلا عن ارتباطها
التي يساعد استخدامها تحديد المصطلح العلمي الذي يُلائم )MeSH( بقائمة رؤوس الموضوعات الطبية
موضوع الباحث وتمكن الباحث ايضا من تضييق مجال بحثه من خلال توفيرها إمكانات الربط البولياني
بين المصطلحات الرئيسية, واستخدام التفريعات المناسبة لكل رأس موضوع, ومن خلالها يمكن صياغة
استراتيجية البحث المناسبة لموضوع البحث الذي يمثل حاجة المستفيد.
المكتبات العامة في الأماكن العامة:
نموذج لتلبية احتياجات المجتمع من
الخدمات المكتبية
Authors: أبو عيد عماد محمد
Published: July 2019

مستخلص تهدف الورقة إلى تسليط الضوء على تجربة إقامة مكتبات العامة في الأماكن العامة في مدينة أبوظبي
بدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة. يستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لاستعراض وضع المكتبات
العامة في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة بشكل عام، وتفاصيل إقامة مكتبات عامة في الحدائق والشواطئ
العامة لتقديم الخدمات المكتبية فيها. ويستعرض الباحث مراحل العمل بدأ بالإعداد والتخطيط، ومن
ثم التنفيذ، وصولا إلى التقييم، وانتهاء بمجالات التحسين. كما يوضح الباحث نتائج الدراسات المسحية
الخمسة التي أجريت لمعرفة احتياجات سكان المناطق في مدينة أبوظبي من المكتبات العامة والخدمات
المكتبية وتوجهاتهم المعرفية والقرائية. ومن أهم النتائج التي خلص إليها المشروع افتتاح أربع مكتبات
عامة ومكتبة خامسة جاري العمل فيها حسب الخطة الخمسية المخطط لها ضمن البرنامج الزمني. ونتيجة
لذلك حازت هذه المكتبات على مستويات رضا عالية من قبل المستفيدين حسب نتائج دراسات الرضا حيث
. 95 % عام 2014 - وصلت نسبة الرضا إلى 93
مكتبات الوزارات في دولة الإمارات
العربية المتحدة: الواقع والمأمول
Authors: مصلح وسام , جرجيس جاسم
Published: July 2019

الباحثان أن هذا النوع من المكتبات في دولة الإمارات لم يأخذ حقة من الدراسة والبحث، ولقد ركز الباحثان
في الدراسة على مكتبات الوزارات الاتحادية والبالغ عددها ثمان مكتبات. ويجيب البحث عن تساؤلات مهمة
لمعرفة واقع مكتبات الوزارات في دولة الإمارات من حيث التنظيم الإداري والهيكل التنظيمي، والمكان
المخصص للمكتبة، والتجهيزات والأثاث، والمجموعات وطريقة تنظيمها، والتطور التكنولوجي، والخدمات
المقدمة، وكذلك أبرز الصعوبات والتحديات التي تواجه تلك المكتبات. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من
النتائج والتوصيات من أهمها معظم الوزرات وفي ظل توجه حكومة الإمارات نحو الحكومة الذكية تتجه
نحو بناء مكتبات ومراكز معلومات متقدمة حيث يغلب عليها الطابع التكنولوجي والإلكتروني المتطور.
ولقد تفاوتت الأوضاع في مكتبات الوزارات ما بين متقدمة جدا في تجهيزاتها وأدوتها وما بين التي بحاجة
إلى إدخال بعض التطويرات. ومن أهم التوصيات أن يكون هناك جهة مركزية تقوم على إعداد المعايير
لهذه المكتبات لتتمكن )Consortium( التطويرية والتعاونية في تلك المكتبات وإنشاء ائتلاف أو تحالف
من توحيد الجهود وتتشاطر في قواعد ومصادر المعلومات.
Management of traumatic hyoid bone fractures: A case series
Authors: Karna Divya , Dragovic Adrian S. , Mehra Rishi , Mitra Biswadev
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Hyoid bone fractures are uncommon, reported mainly in cases of hanging. There is a paucity of reports involving other mechanisms, and only a handful of case reports are available to guide the management of these fractures, especially within the emergency department setting. This study focused on identifying optimal initial airway management and subsequent treatment of patients with hyoid fractures. Methods: Patients presenting to an adult major trauma referral centre between January 2007 and July 2014 with a diagnosis of hyoid bone fracture were identified. Patient records were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Of the 19 patients identified, 16 cases were secondary to blunt force trauma. Motor vehicle crashes accounted for eight of the 19 cases. All patients with major trauma were intubated as part of their initial airway management, while 50% of the minor trauma patients were intubated. Only one patient underwent surgical repair of the hyoid bone. Most patients experienced excellent outcomes with no hyoid fracture-related complications. Conclusion: Early intubation for suspected hyoid fractures is advised for those with a penetrating mechanism of injury, clinical features of airway compromise, and severe associated injuries. Conservative, nonsurgical management of hyoid fractures remains the mainstay of management. A minimum 24-hour period of observation for patients who are not managed with endotracheal intubation is advised.
Intermittent headache and swelling in the temple
Authors: Hammoudeh M. , Siam A.R. , Khanjar I.
Published: July 2019

A 32-year old female patient was referred to our hospital for evaluation of headache. A preliminary diagnosis of possible temporal arteritits in young patient was made in the referral letter. She had been complaining of episodes of left sided headache for the last 2 years. The headache occurred mainly in the horning; it is mild to moderate in severity, associated with feeing of fullness in the left temple. The episodes were coming at no regular time, was not related to menstruation and was not accompanied by nausea, vomiting or photophobia. It lasts for few hours and then subsides, and she noticed that the sensation of fullness also disappears. She had no history of trauma. She denied any fever, weight loss, morning stiffness, or any sinuses, ear or eye complaints. She was diagnosed at one time as migraine headache and was given treatment for that. Clinical examination at the time of headache revealed afebrile patient with normal blood pressure and pulse. The left temple showed fullness compared to the right side but there was no redness or warmth of the overlying skin. There was an ill-defined slightly raised 5 × 4cm soft swelling in the left temple. There was no palpable thrill or audible bruit. The temporal artery was pulsating without any tenderness.
Use of the ministernotomy incision for minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass
Authors: Cooley D.A.
Published: July 2019

Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) is a new approach that allows selected coronary stenoses to be bypassed through a much smaller incision, either a lateral thoracotomy or a mini-sternotomy, without the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass. Generally, the internal mammary artery is used as the bypass graft, although the gastroepiploic artery or saphenous vein may also be used. The minimally invasive approach eliminates the potential complications associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. Other benefits include decreased cost, minimal postoperative discomfort, and a shortened hospital stay. Although MIDCAB is an exciting alternative to conventional coronary bypass or angioplasty procedures, this approach is currently limited mostly to patients with isolated, proximal stenoses of the left main, left anterior descending, and right coronary arteries. MIDCAB will not be suitable for widespread use until further experience is gained and additional technical refinements introduced. In this report, we describe use of the mini-sternotomy approach to MIDCAB in a 62-year-old ma and briefly summarize our total experience at the Texas Heart Institute.
Acute exacerbation of brochial asthma: evaluation and management in an emergency department
Authors: Abu Rish K. , Mousa A. H.
Published: July 2019

Two hundred patients presenting at the Emergency Department (ED) with signs and symptoms of acute asthma and requiring emergency management were studied to determine their response to repeated nebulization with B-2 agonist. This was effective in 83% while a further 14% needed the addition of intravenous hydrocortisone. The remaining 3% did not improve and were admitted.

We concluded that the assessment of the severity of asthma is easy for a primary care doctor and that B-2 agonist nebulization is an effective, safe and easily applied method of treatment.
Indications of penetrating keratoplasty in eye department in khmc
Authors: Mubaidein M.Y. , Abulaban W.Y.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is to report the indications for corneal grafting at (KHMC) during the past four years.

The study includes a review of 282 eyes that had undergone penetrating keratoplasty from January 1993 till December 1996. The age range was from 6 to 75 years and the female to male ratio was 1:1.15.

The study revealed that the indications for penetrating keratoplasty in respective order were; keratoconus, pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, rejected graft, corneal dystrophies, and corneal opacities.

It was found that keratoconus is the commonest indication for penetrating keratoplasty at KHMC, 73% of which were accompanied with vernal cattarh. Vernal catarrh poses a major challenge to ophthalmologists in the Middle East because it is common, has no satisfactory treatment, and leads to poor vision. Bullous keratopathy is the second commonest cause for penetrating keratoplasty.
Post-traumatic bone infection
Authors: Mousa H. A.
Published: July 2019

A prospective study was carried out to demonstrate the bacteriology of post-traumatic bone infections with particular attention to the role of anaerobic microorganisms. Compound fracture was found to be the most common predisposing factor for infection. Seventy-seven patients were studied and a total of 155 organisms was recovered (117 aerobes and 38 anaerobes). The most frequently isolated organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella species. Bacteroides spp and Peptostreptococcus spp were the most common anaerobes isolated from 29 patients (37.7%). In five patients, anaerobes were the only organisms isolated (6.5% of total cases). It is concluded from this study that anaerobic bacteria play a role in post-traumatic osteomyelitis and routine anaerobic culture for all cases is recommended.
Pulmonary epitheliod hemangioendohelioma (IVBAT)
Authors: Habahbeh N. , Hadad F. , Tahboub I.
Published: July 2019

A report of a 55-year-old white Jordanian female, who presented in March 1990 with a dry cough and progressive shortness of breath of two years duration.

The chest X-ray showed bilateral, multliple and widespread nodular lesions which was confirmed by a chest CT scan.

Diagnosis was proved by an open lung biopsy and special immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII to be Epilthelioid Hemangioendothelioma of the lung. (Intravascular, bronchiolar and alveolar tumor).

We think that this is the first case that has dust exposure? and has been reported in Jordan.
Thymectomy for yasthenia gravis
Authors: Al Yamani M. A. , Fraiwan N. , Njada A. H.
Published: July 2019

A series is presented of 30 patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) who were treated by sternal split and extended thymectomy. The mean age was 22 years, median 19 years with a female to male ratio of 2:1. The overall improvement rate was 90%; 70% achieved drug-free remission and another 20% required decreased medication. Drug-free remission was achieved in 80% female and in 50% male and in 50% on steriods and mestinon compared with 80% of those on mestinon alone. There were no deaths or significant complications. These results suggest that an aggressive surgical approach to myasthenia gravis can result in a higher percentage of drug-free remissions.
Neonatal cervical teratoma: case report and review of literature
Authors: E1 Kholy A. , Zaghmout O. , Ebrahim I. E. , Haider A.
Published: July 2019

Congenital cervical teratomas are rare tumors. Although essentially benign, obstruction of the airway is the major challenge in the neonatal period. Prognosis is good provided that the airway is quickly stabilized and resection is not delayed. Prenatal diagnosis allows planning of resuscitative efforts in advance. We report a case of immature cervical teratoma in a near-term male infant born to a 32 year-old woman. The tumor was removed surgically with no recurrence after three and a half years.
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding in Qatar
Authors: Al Emadi M. I. , Abdalla M. F. M. , Al Fakki A. , Tabib A. , Abdulrahman H.
Published: July 2019

This retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding as a means of treatment of morbid obesity in Qatar.

Methods: Seventy-one patients (59 females; mean age 32 years, range 18 to 60) underwent laparoscopic adjust-able gastric banding for morbid obesity. Their mean weight was 134.6 Kg (range 90 to 200) and mean preoperative body mass index was 49.8 Kg/m2 (range 36.5 to 70).

Results: All patients were followed-up for a mean du-ration of 8.6 months (average 1 to 27). The mean excess weight loss was 27% (range 0 to 84). The operation time showed a marked reduction with a mean duration of 149 minutes in the first ten cases reaching to a mean of 81 minutes in the last ten cases. The commonest early com-plication was chest infection seen in 3 patients (4.1%). Late complications were seen in 5 cases (6.9%) most commonly related to swallowing. One case developed band infection severe enough to necessitate removal of the band. There was no operative related mortality.

Conclusion: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is relatively an effective means for control of morbid obe-sity with a low rate of complications.
The Value of One Year Post-Operative Colonoscopy in the Surveillance of Cancer of the Colon and Rectum
Authors: Abu Nada M. , Johnson D. R. E. , Buie W. D. , Heine J. A. , Jenken D. A.
Published: July 2019

Intensive follow-up of cancer of the colon and rectumincludes colonoscopy 1 year after curative resection and is the current practice in Calgary. There is much debate in the literature as to the value of this intensive follow-up,including 2 prospective randomized controlled trials showing no benefit. The purpose of this study was to assess the benefit of 1-year follow-up colonoscopy by documenting the findings at the time of the procedure. One hundred and four (104) charts were randomly selected and reviewed. All had undergone peri-operative colonoscopy, resection for curative intent and follow-up colonoscopy approximately 1 year post-op. There were 16 (15%) abnormal findings at the time of follow-up colonoscopy. In 10, the colon had notbeen “cleared” peri-operatively and the polyps identified were anticipated and removed. In 6 (6%) there were newfindings not previously documented: 3 hyperplastic polyps; 2 small ( < 0.75 cm) adenomatous polyps and 1 anastomotic recurrence of a rectal cancer. The recurrent cancer was within reach of a rigid sigmoidoscope and the polyps can be considered not clinically significant. This review of our experience with surveillance colonoscopy 1 year after curative resection for cancer of the colon and rectum supports the previously published data from 2 randomized controlled trials showing no benefit.
Causes of Blindness Among Children at Al Noor Institute for the Visually Handicapped in Qatar
Authors: Al Mansouri F. , Al Laftah F. A. M.
Published: July 2019

Using the World Health Organization (WHO) visual acuity classification protocol, a national simple descrip-tive study for determination of the causes and severity of sight loss amongst 90 children studying in Al Noor Insti-tute for blinds in Qatar was done between September 2001-September 2002. Of 90 patients with complete ophthalmic examinations, 65 (72%) of them had an inherited or con-genital cause and only 25(28%) had an acquired cause. The main causes were bilateral congenital microphthalmia, Homocystinuria with lens subluxation or dislocations, ac-quired retinal disease such as Retinopathy of prematurity. Congenital cataract, retinitis Pigmentosa, Optic atrophy and congenital Glaucoma in descending order.

Conclusion: The principal causes of blindness amongst children in Qatar were inherited and/or congenital, most probably due to consanguineous marriages. The outline for childhood blindness is similar in Arab gulf countries in comparison to distant countries such as India, Czech Re-
Hydrocephalus in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Anazi A. R. , Nasser M. J.
Published: July 2019

Objective: Hydrocephalus is a common condition seen in the neurosurgical practice that usually requires insertion of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt. It is commonly seen in our country for possible several reasons; some of them are the prohibition of abortion and increased consanguinity marriages. In this study, the authors retrospectively analyzed 124 hydrocephalic patients operated upon at our institute for three years period. Our aim is to verify the extent of the problem in our community, addressed some facts and to improve our services.

Methods: Between January 1999 and December 2001, 124 patients with hydrocephalus underwent CSF shunt operations (insertions and revisions) at King Fahd Hospital of the University were retrospectively analyzed to assess the etiology, clinical presentation, management and outcome.

Results: In this study, 124patients were analyzed. 244 operations were performed. 96patients (72.4%) had congenital hydrocephalus, 24 patients (20%) had associated cranial anomalies, 32 patients (25%), their parents were relatives. 70 patients (56%) had noticeable mental retardation. Shunt malfunction reported in 71 patients (57%) and the infection rate was 8% (10 patients).

Conclusion: The higher incidence of hydrocephalus between Saudi population possibly due to consanguinity marriages and prohibition of abortion. Premarital counseling and people orientation about this problem might help to reduce the number of cases. Shunt infection and malfunction are still the main complications of shunting. There is possibility of reducing the complication's rate if a special protocol is advocated and strictly followed.
Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Renal Failure Associated with Salmonella Food Poisoning
Authors: Al Ani A.M. , Mudather M. , Asim M.
Published: July 2019

A young man with Salmonella food poisoning developed rhabdomyolysis complicated by acute renal failure. This is an uncommon but potentially fatal extra-intestinal manifestation of Salmonellosis. He responded to alkaline diuresis and antibiotic therapy and made a complete recovery.

A discussion of the case, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in myoglobinuric renal failure and the management is presented.
Treatment and Cure of a Cystic Hygroma Using Bleomycin
Authors: Al Naggar O. , Ismail A.
Published: July 2019

Although surgery is the treatment of choice for cystic hygroma, this can be hazardous when vital structures are involved. Bleomycin injection has been described for the treatment of this condition with variable success. Here we present a five-year-old girl with cystic hygroma of the left parotid region that was treated successfully with intralesional bleomycin injection.
Letter to the Editors Re: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Before and After Increasing Community Awareness of Harmful Effects of Swaddling
Authors: Al Habdan Ibrahim , Sadat Ali Mir
Published: July 2019

I read the article by Chaarani MW et al (Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Before and After Increasing Community Awareness of the Harmful Effects of Swaddling Vol.ll/No.l/ June 2002), with great interest. Two issues need to be addressed. The authors write i(That the habit of swaddling is common tradition in the Middle East that goes back to hundreds of years “ and their belief that in 14 months people gave up swaddling which they practiced for generations, to the extent that the numbers of Development Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) dropped drastically from 20 percent to 60 percent is unusual Other important factors which need to be looked are the genetic factors in the incidence of DDH(1) and not just swaddling. Factors like breech presentation and oligohydramnios are known to predispose to DDH(2) and they might be the cause of decrease in numbers of DDH in the study population.
Non-Surgical Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot
Authors: Al Ibraheem F. , Odat M. M.
Published: July 2019

Objective: To evaluate how effective was the conserva-tive treatment in managing congenital talipes equinovarus deformity.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 25 children treated with manipulation, casting followed by percutane-ous tenotomy at the age of thee months with casting till age of walking with a follow-up between 2-5 years 25 pa-tients 18 males 7females M\F (2.6-1), 19 bilateral (15 My 4 F), 6 unilateral (3 M, 3 F) total of 44 feet.

Result: The first three months offer the skilled and knowledgeable surgeon a golden opportunity to correct the deformity by manipulation and casting. Proper manipula-tive techniques followed by the applications of well-molded plaster casts offer the best and safest correction of most clubfeet in infants. Failures of manipulative treatment usually occur when the surgeon lacks a thorough knowledge of the kinematics and pathological anatomy of the deformity.

Conclusion: CTEV can be treated by manipulation, casting and ETA in about 70% of cases with good results if managed early and by skilled orthopedic surgeon. Some feet are unpredictable and in spite of the severity of the deformity, respond well to conservative treatment.
The use of TNF Blockers in the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, Doha, Qatar
Authors: Al Emadi S. , Sarakbi H. , Hammodeh M.
Published: July 2019

Background: The currently available TNF blocking agents include ifliximab, etanercept and adalimumab. They are approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis in the United States and Europe. Also TNF blockers are used currently in other rheumatic and non-rheumatic disease.

Objective: Primary objective: To evaluate our practice of using TNF blockers in the outpatient rheumatology clinics at Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar, to evaluate the response rate to TNF blockers, and the rate of switching from one TNF blockers to another.

Secondary objective: to assess rate of serious infection and TB.

Methods: The study involved a retrospective chart review of 82 patients in rheumatology outpatient clinic since the introduction of TNF-Blockers at Hamad Medical Corporation in 2002 till December of2005.

Results: Twenty two patients out of 82 received Infliximab (26.8%), 51 patients received etanercept (62.1%) and 22 patients received adalimumab (26.8%) including switchers and non switchers. Response rate was 82% to initial TNF blocker in RA, and almost 100% in Psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Reason of switching was either due to no response or side effects. No significant serious adverse events in our cohort and no TB reactivation.

Conclusion: Our data are comparable with the international guidelines; regarding the use of TNF blockers in rheumatic disease.also they reflect the daily practice in the rheumatology outpatient clinic in Qatar.
Digital arterial injury leading to Gangrene of the Thumb
Authors: Hoqail R. , Ali M.S.
Published: July 2019

An unusual case of a blunt and penetrating injury to the thumb is described. A laterally displaced epiphyses of the first metacarpal divided the digital artery and a penetrating injury in the first web space inflicted on the medial digital artery resulting in a total vascular interruption leading to gangrene and ultimate amputation. Such injuries are rare in children but proper assessment and examination could have prevented the end result.
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Report of two cases and review of literature
Authors: Raju V. , Faraj J. H. , Shaikh N.
Published: July 2019

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare condition affecting women in late pregnancy or up to five months of the postpartum period. The signs, symptoms and treatment of PPCM are similar to that of heart failure. Early diagnosis and proper management are the cornerstones for a better outcome for these patients. We report two cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy which were treated in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of Hamad General Hospital, Qatar.