bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
XPC is an RNA polymerase II cofactor recruiting ATAC to promoters by interacting with E2F1
Authors: Bidon B. , Iltis I. , Semer M. , Nagy Z. , Larnicol A. , Cribier A. , Benkirane M. , Coin F. , Egly J-M. , Le May N.
Published: June 2018

The DNA damage sensor XPC is involved in nucleotide excision repair. Here we show that in the absence of damage, XPC co-localizes with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and active post-translational histone modifications marks on a subset of class II promoters in human fibroblasts. XPC depletion triggers specific gene down-expression due to a drop in the deposition of histone H3K9 acetylation mark and pre-initiation complex formation. XPC interacts with the histone acetyltransferase KAT2A and specifically triggers the recruitment of the KAT2A-containing ATAC complex to the promoters of down-expressed genes. We show that a strong E2F1 signature characterizes the XPC/KAT2A-bound promoters and that XPC interacts with E2F1 and promotes its binding to its DNA element. Our data reveal that the DNA repair factor XPC is also an RNA polymerase II cofactor recruiting the ATAC coactivator complex to promoters by interacting with the DNA binding transcription factor E2F1.
Corrosion engineering towards efficient oxygen evolution electrodes with stable catalytic activity for over 6000 hours
Authors: Liu Yipu , Liang Xiao , Gu Lin , Zhang Yu , Li Guo-Dong , Zou Xiaoxin , Chen Jie-Sheng
Published: June 2018

Although a number of nonprecious materials can exhibit catalytic activity approaching (sometimes even outperforming) that of iridium oxide catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction, their catalytic lifetimes rarely exceed more than several hundred hours under operating conditions. Here we develop an energy-efficient, cost-effective, scaled-up corrosion engineering method for transforming inexpensive iron substrates (e.g., iron plate and iron foam) into highly active and ultrastable electrodes for oxygen evolution reaction. This synthetic method is achieved via a desired corrosion reaction of iron substrates with oxygen in aqueous solutions containing divalent cations (e.g., nickel) at ambient temperature. This process results in the growth on iron substrates of thin film nanosheet arrays that consist of iron-containing layered double hydroxides, instead of rust. This inexpensive and simple manufacturing technique affords iron-substrate-derived electrodes possessing excellent catalytic activities and activity retention for over 6000 hours at 1000 mA cm-2 current densities.
miR-130a and miR-145 reprogram Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells and inhibit tumor metastasis through improved host immunity
Authors: Ishii Hiroki , Vodnala Suman K. , Achyut Bhagelu R. , So Jae Young , Hollander M. Christine , Greten Tim F. , Lal Ashish , Yang Li
Published: June 2018

Tumor-derived soluble factors promote the production of Gr-1+CD11b+ immature myeloid cells, and TGFβ signaling is critical in their immune suppressive function. Here, we report that miR-130a and miR-145 directly target TGFβ receptor II (TβRII) and are down-regulated in these myeloid cells, leading to increased TβRII. Ectopic expression of miR-130a and miR-145 in the myeloid cells decreased tumor metastasis. This is mediated through a downregulation of type 2 cytokines in myeloid cells and an increase in IFNγ-producing cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes. miR-130a- and miR-145-targeted molecular networks including TGFβ and IGF1R pathways were correlated with higher tumor stages in cancer patients. Lastly, miR-130a and miR-145 mimics, as well as IGF1R inhibitor NT157 improved anti-tumor immunity and inhibited metastasis in preclinical mouse models. These results demonstrated that miR-130a and miR-145 can reprogram tumor-associated myeloid cells by altering the cytokine milieu and metastatic microenvironment, thus enhancing host antitumor immunity.
Identifying a common backbone of interactions underlying food webs from different ecosystems
Authors: Bramon Mora Bernat , Gravel Dominique , Gilarranz Luis J. , Poisot Timothée , Stouffer Daniel B.
Published: June 2018

Although the structure of empirical food webs can differ between ecosystems, there is growing evidence of multiple ways in which they also exhibit common topological properties. To reconcile these contrasting observations, we postulate the existence of a backbone of interactions underlying all ecological networks—a common substructure within every network comprised of species playing similar ecological roles—and a periphery of species whose idiosyncrasies help explain the differences between networks. To test this conjecture, we introduce a new approach to investigate the structural similarity of 411 food webs from multiple environments and biomes. We first find significant differences in the way species in different ecosystems interact with each other. Despite these differences, we then show that there is compelling evidence of a common backbone of interactions underpinning all food webs. We expect that identifying a backbone of interactions will shed light on the rules driving assembly of different ecological communities.
Stepwise Reduction of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Its Effects on Chemical and Colloidal Properties
Authors: Azizighannad Samar , Mitra Somenath
Published: June 2018

Graphene Oxides (GO) typically contains different oxygen containing groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and epoxy, and reduced GO (r-GO) represents a family of material with diverse chemical properties. In an effort to understand how properties of r-GO change as GO is reduced, a stepwise reduction of the same GO to r-GO containing different levels of oxygen was carried out, and their corresponding chemical and colloidal properties are reported. Starting with GO containing 49 percent oxygen, r-GOs containing 31, 19 and 9 percent oxygen were synthesized. The aqueous behavior in terms of solubility gradually decreased from 7.4 µg/ml for GO to nearly zero for r-GO with 9% oxygen, while dispersibility under sonication decreased from 8 to 2.5 µg/ml for the same samples. Hydrophobicity index as measured as the octanol water partition coefficient decreased from −3.89 to 5.2% as oxygen content dropped from 49 to 9%. Colloidal behavior was also dramatically affected by reduction, and critical coagulation concentration (CCC) dropped from 28 to 15 in presence of 0.5 mmole/l NaCl and from 6 to 2 in presence of 0.5 mmole/l MgCl2 as the oxygen in the original GO was reduced to 9%.
CTLA-4 +49 G/A, a functional T1D risk SNP, affects CTLA-4 level in Treg subsets and IA-2A positivity, but not beta-cell function
Authors: Chen Yang , Chen Shu , Gu Yong , Feng Yingjie , Shi Yun , Fu Qi , Wang Zhixiao , Cai Yun , Dai Hao , Zheng Shuai , Sun Min , Zhang Mei , Xu Xinyu , Chen Heng , Xu Kuanfeng , Yang Tao
Published: June 2018

To investigate whether CTLA-4 +49 G/A (rs231775), a tagSNP in Asian, is a functional T1D SNP, we genotyped this SNP with 1035 T1D patients and 2575 controls in Chinese Han population. And 1280 controls measured insulin release and sensitivity based on an oral glucose tolerance test; 283 newly diagnosed T1D patients assayed C-peptide level based on a mixed-meal tolerance test. 31 controls were analyzed for different T cell subsets by multi-color flow cytometry. Under additive model, we found that CTLA-4 +49 G/A was significantly associated with T1D (P = 2.82E-04, OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12–1.41), which was further confirmed by meta-analysis (P = 1.19E-08, OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.38–1.96) in Chinese Han population. Although we did not find any association between this SNP and beta-cell function in either healthy individuals or newly diagnosed T1D patients, healthy individuals carrying GG/GA genotypes had lower CTLA-4 expression in naïve or activated CD4 Treg subsets (P = 0.0046 and 0.0317 respectively). A higher positive rate of IA-2A was observed among T1D patients with GG genotype compared with AA (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.30–0.84, p = 0.008). Collectively, CTLA-4 +49 G/A reached a GWAS significant association with T1D risk in Chinese Han population, affects CTLA-4 expression in Treg subsets and subsequently humoral immunity in T1D patients.
One possible mechanism for eddy distribution in zonal current with meridional shear
Authors: Shi YunLong , Yang DeZhou , Feng XingRu , Qi JiFeng , Yang HongWei , Yin BaoShu
Published: June 2018

Oceanic mesoscale eddies are common, especially in areas where zonal currents with meridional shear exists. The nonlinear effects complicate the analysis of mesoscale eddy dynamics. This study proposes a solitary (eddy) solution based on an asymptotic expansion of the nonlinear potential vorticity equation with a constant meridional shear of zonal current. This solution reveals several important consequences. For example, cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddies can be generated by the negative (positive) shear of the zonal current. Furthermore, the meridional structure of an eddy is asymmetrical, and the center of a cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddy tilts poleward (equatorward). Eddy width is inversely proportional to shear intensity. Eddy phase speed is proportional to shear intensity and the wave amplitude, and their spatial distribution show band-like pattern as they propagate westward. This nonlinear solitary solution is an extension of classical linear Rossby theory. Moreover, these findings could be applied to other areas with similar zonal current shear.
Association of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 with the Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Result from the APAC Study
Authors: Liu Zhongni , Li Hong , Zheng Yinghong , Gao Ziyu , Cong Lin , Yang Liming , Zhou Yong
Published: June 2018

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a worldwide chronic liver disease. Few studies have investigated the association between NAFLD and Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), a unique enzyme correlated with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between Lp-PLA2 and NAFLD in a Chinese community-based cohort. A total of 1587 adults aged ≥40 years were enrolled in the current study. Participants underwent a standardized evaluation. The serum Lp-PLA2 concentration was measured by ELISA and NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between Lp-PLA2 and NAFLD. Increased Lp-PLA2 levels were significantly associated with decreased NAFLD prevalence after adjusting for other potential confounders. The adjusted ORs of NAFLD in Q2, Q3 and Q4 compared with Q1 were 0.88 (0.64–1.21), 0.71 (0.51–0.98) and 0.67 (0.48–0.95), respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the adjusted ORs of moderate and heavy NAFLD in Q2, Q3 and Q4 compared to Q1 were 0.64 (0.41–1.01), 0.48 (0.29–0.80) and 0.47 (0.28–0.79), respectively (P < 0.01). In conclusions, increased Lp-PLA2 levels were independently associated with decreased NAFLD prevalence.
Comparative proteomic analysis revealed complex responses to classical/novel duck reovirus infections in Cairna moschata
Authors: Yun Tao , Hua Jionggang , Ye Weicheng , Yu Bin , Chen Liu , Ni Zheng , Zhang Cun
Published: June 2018

Duck reovirus (DRV) is an typical aquatic bird pathogen belonging to the Orthoreovirus genus of the Reoviridae family. Reovirus causes huge economic losses to the duck industry. Although DRV has been identified and isolated long ago, the responses of Cairna moschata to classical/novel duck reovirus (CDRV/NDRV) infections are largely unknown. To investigate the relationship of pathogenesis and immune response, proteomes of C. moschata liver cells under the C/NDRV infections were analyzed, respectively. In total, 5571 proteins were identified, among which 5015 proteins were quantified. The differential expressed proteins (DEPs) between the control and infected liver cells displayed diverse biological functions and subcellular localizations. Among the DEPs, most of the metabolism-related proteins were down-regulated, suggesting a decrease in the basal metabolisms under C/NDRV infections. Several important factors in the complement, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems were significantly up-regulated by the C/NDRV infections, indicating that the serine protease-mediated innate immune system might play roles in the responses to the C/NDRV infections. Moreover, a number of molecular chaperones were identified, and no significantly changes in their abundances were observed in the liver cells. Our data may give a comprehensive resource for investigating the regulation mechanism involved in the responses of C. moschata to the C/NDRV infections.
Stimulating fermentation by the prolonged acceleration of gut transit protects against decompression sickness
Authors: de Maistre Sébastien , Vallée Nicolas , Gaillard Sandrine , Duchamp Claude , Blatteau Jean-Eric
Published: June 2018

Massive bubble formation after diving can lead to decompression sickness (DCS). Gut fermentation at the time of a dive exacerbates DCS due to endogenous hydrogen production. We sought to investigate whether medium-term stimulation of fermentation as a result of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced acceleration of bowel transit before diving exacerbates DCS in rats. Seven days before an experimental dry dive, 60 rats were randomly divided in two groups: an experimental group treated with PEG (n = 30) and an untreated control group (n = 30). Exhaled hydrogen was measured before the dive. Following hyperbaric exposure, we assessed for signs of DCS. After anaesthetisation, arterial blood was drawn to assay inflammatory cytokines and markers of oxidative stress. PEG led to a significant increase in exhaled H2 (35 ppm [10–73] compared with control 7 ppm [2–15]; p = 0.001). The probability of death was reduced in PEG-treated rats (PEG: 17% [95% CI 4–41] vs control: 50% [95% CI 26–74]; p = 0.034). In addition, inflammatory markers were reduced, and the antioxidant activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly increased (529.2 U.l−1 [485.4–569.0] versus 366.4 U.l−1 [317.6–414.8]; p = 0.004). Thus, gut fermentation might have a positive effect on DCS. The antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of the fermentation by-products H2 and butyrate may explain these results.
Evidence for facultative protocarnivory in Capsella bursa-pastoris seeds
Authors: Roberts Hattie R. , Warren John M. , Provan Jim
Published: June 2018

Many plants derive nutrients by attracting, ensnaring and killing invertebrates, a process that is described as “protocarnivory”. This has been observed in seeds of the weedCapsella bursa-pastoris, but it is unclear as to whether it confers any material benefit in terms of germination, establishment and development. In the present study, seeds were germinated in zero, low, medium and high nutrient soils in both the presence and absence of nematodes (Steinernema feltiae). Nematodes were attracted to the seeds, with many dying within three days. Germination rates and seedling fresh masses were higher at all nutrient levels, and seedling fresh lengths were higher in all but the zero nutrient treatment, in the presence of nematodes. After transplantation, young plant fresh root lengths and dried leaf and root masses were generally higher in plants that had been germinated in the presence of nematodes across all nutrient levels, with the majority of significant differences being observed in the low-nutrient treatment. Our findings suggest that protocarnivory may play a role in the germination, establishment and early development ofC.bursa-pastoris, and that this process may be facultative, since differences between nematode and non-nematode treatments were generally more pronounced in soils with low nutrient levels.
Absolute strong-field ionization probabilities of ultracold rubidium atoms
Authors: Wessels Philipp , Ruff Bernhard , Kroker Tobias , Kazansky Andrey K. , Kabachnik Nikolay M. , Sengstock Klaus , Drescher Markus , Simonet Juliette
Published: June 2018

Understanding strong-field ionization requires a quantitative comparison between experimental data and theoretical models which is notoriously difficult to achieve. Optically trapped ultracold atoms allow to extract absolute nonlinear ionization probabilities by imaging the atomic density after exposure to the field of an ultrashort laser pulse. We report on such precise measurements for rubidium in the intensity range of 1 × 1011 – 4 × 1013 W cm−2. The experimental data are in perfect agreement with ab-initio theory, based on solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation without any free parameters. We investigate the strong-field response of 87Rb atoms at two different wavelengths representing non-resonant and resonant processes in the demanding regime where the Keldysh parameter is close to unity.
New development in the enantioselective synthesis of spiro compounds
Authors: Ding Aishun , Meazza Marta , Guo Hao , Yang Jung Woon , Rios Ramon
Published: June 2018

In this review we summarize the latest developments in the enantioselective synthesis of spirocompounds. The most important organometallic and organocatalytic methodologies are highlighted.
Methodologies for the analysis of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in sediments and plant tissue
Authors: Carvalho Pedro N. , Zhang Yang , Lyu Tao , Arias Carlos A. , Bester Kai , Brix Hans
Published: June 2018

Eco-technologies that utilize natural processes involving wetland vegetation, soil and their associated microbial assemblages are increasingly used for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from polluted water.
Self-assembled phosphate-polyamine networks as biocompatible supramolecular platforms to modulate cell adhesion
Authors: Muzzio Nicolás E. , Pasquale Miguel A. , Marmisollé Waldemar A. , von Bilderling Catalina , Cortez M. Lorena , Pietrasanta Lía I. , Azzaroni Omar
Published: June 2018

The modulation of cell adhesion via biologically inspired materials plays a key role in the development of realistic platforms to envisage mechanistic descriptions of many biological processes as well as in the design of materials for biomedical devices.
Rapid access to RNA resonances by proton-detected solid-state NMR at >100 kHz MAS
Authors: Marchanka Alexander , Stanek Jan , Pintacuda Guido , Carlomagno Teresa
Published: June 2018

Fast (>100 kHz) magic angle spinning solid-state NMR allows combining high-sensitive proton detection with the absence of an intrinsic molecular weight limit. Here we apply this technique to RNA and assign nucleotide spin systems through highly sensitive multidimensional experiments.
In situ infrared study of photo-generated electrons and adsorbed species on nitrogen-doped TiO2 in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Winwarid Piyapong , Yang Thomas C. K. , Chuang Steven S. C.
Published: June 2018

In situ FTIR results revealed that nitrogen-doping facilitated the electron transfer from the dye to the conduction band of TiO2, reducing the impedance in DSSCs.
Versatile coordination of acetazolamide to ruthenium(ii) p-cymene complexes and preliminary cytotoxicity studies
Authors: Biancalana Lorenzo , Batchelor Lucinda K. , Ciancaleoni Gianluca , Zacchini Stefano , Pampaloni Guido , Dyson Paul J. , Marchetti Fabio
Published: June 2018

The bioactive molecule acetazolamide was incorporated in Ru(ii)-p-cymene complexes with different coordination modes. Two of the resulting complexes were non cytotoxic towards A2780, A2780cisR and HEK-293 cell lines.
CTAB-assisted size controlled synthesis of SAPO-34 and its contribution toward MTO performance
Authors: Bakhtiar Syed ul Hasnain , Wang Xiaotong , Ali Sher , Yuan Fulong , Li Zhibin , Zhu Yujun
Published: June 2018

SAPO-34 shows higher light olefin selectivity in the reaction of methanol to olefin (MTO), but its small pore system implies diffusion limitations to bigger molecular products and results in coking too.
Creating capsules with cubanes
Authors: Kusumoto Sotaro , Kobayashi Fumiya , Ohtani Ryo , Zhang Yingjie , Harrowfield Jack , Kim Yang , Hayami Shinya , Nakamura Masaaki
Published: June 2018

A sextuply linked capsule incorporating two Ni(ii) cubane units is formed when Ni(ii) salts are reacted with N-aminoalkyl salicylamidato ligands in a 4 : 3 ratio in methanol.
Effects of diminished steric protection at phosphorus on stability and reactivity of oxaphosphirane complexes
Authors: Fassbender J. , Schnakenburg G. , Espinosa Ferao A. , Streubel R.
Published: June 2018

Facile synthesis of oxaphosphirane complexes II, 1,3,2-dioxaphosphol-4-ene III and 1,3,2-dioxaphospholane complexes IV from Li/Cl phosphinidenoid complexes I is described.
Mixed-valence dimolybdenum complexes containing hard oxo and soft carbonyl ligands: synthesis, structure, and electrochemistry of Mo2(O)(CO)2(μ-κ2-S(CH2)nS)2(κ2-diphosphine)
Authors: Haque Mohd. Rezaul , Ghosh Shishir , Rahman Md. Matiar , Siddiquee Tasneem A. , Nesterov Vladimir N. , Richmond Michael G. , Hogarth Graeme , Kabir Shariff E.
Published: June 2018

Mixed-valence dimolybdenum complexes Mo2(O)(CO)2{μ-κ2-S(CH2)nS}2(κ2-Ph2P(CH2)mPPh2) (n = 2, 3; m = 1, 2) (1–4) have been synthesized.
Characterization of a new heteropolysaccharide from green guava and its application as an α-glucosidase inhibitor for the treatment of type II diabetes
Authors: Jiao Yukun , Hua Dehong , Huang Dong , Zhang Qian , Yan Chunyan
Published: June 2018

Psidium guajava fruit is a subtropical fruit, functional food and traditional medicine for the adjuvant treatment of diabetes mellitus in China.
Effects of preparation method and Sm2O3 promoter on CO methanation by a mesoporous NiO–Sm2O3/Al2O3 catalyst
Authors: Liu Qing , Yang Hongyuan , Dong Hao , Zhang Wei , Bian Bing , He Qingkun , Yang Jing , Meng Xiangbao , Tian Zhiwei , Zhao Guoming
Published: June 2018

Well-dispersed Ni and Sm2O3 nanoparticles embedded in an ordered mesoporous Al2O3 material simultaneously exhibit high catalytic activity and stability for the CO methanation reaction.
Graphene-based plastic absorber for total sub-terahertz radiation shielding
Authors: Zdrojek Mariusz , Bomba Jarosław , Łapińska Anna , Dużyńska Anna , Żerańska-Chudek Klaudia , Suszek Jarosław , Stobiński Leszek , Taube Andrzej , Sypek Maciej , Judek Jarosław
Published: June 2018

We demonstrate that nonconductive and lightweight, graphene-based composites can shield more than 99.99% of the electromagnetic energy in the sub-THz range mainly via absorption.
High-yield fabrication of Ti3C2Tx MXene quantum dots and their electrochemiluminescence behavior
Authors: Qin Yunlong , Wang Zeqian , Liu Naiyun , Sun Yue , Han Dongxue , Liu Yang , Niu Li , Kang Zhenhui
Published: June 2018

Mass preparation of MQDs was carried out using a facile reflux method and the electrochemiluminescence feature was elaborated for the first time.
Enzymatic film formation of nature-derived phenolic amines
Authors: Kim Ji Yup , Kim Won Il , Youn Wongu , Seo Jeongyeon , Kim Beom Jin , Lee Jungkyu K. , Choi Insung S.
Published: June 2018

Enzymatic polymerization is utilized for material-independent surface modification. Tyrosinase catalyzes the film formation of various phenolic amines under highly cytocompatible conditions.
Exploiting the signatures of nanoplasmon–exciton coupling on proton sensitive insulator–semiconductor devices for drug discovery applications
Authors: Bhalla Nikhil , Estrela Pedro
Published: June 2018

Dual sensing modes in a developed sensor by combining pH sensitive and optical properties of nanomaterials.
Synthesis of hydrophilic HYNIC-[1,2,4,5]tetrazine conjugates and their use in antibody pretargeting with99mTc
Authors: García María Fernanda , Gallazzi Fabio , Junqueira Mara de Souza , Fernández Marcelo , Camacho Ximena , Mororó Janio da Silva , Faria Daniele , Carneiro Camila de Godoi , Couto Marcos , Carrión Federico , Pritsch Otto , Chammas Roger , Quinn Thomas , Cabral Pablo , Cerecetto Hugo
Published: June 2018

Pretargeted imaging is shown to be an attractive strategy to overcome disadvantages associated with traditional radioimmunoconjugates.
In situ tuning of crystallization pathways by electron beam irradiation and heating in amorphous bismuth ferrite films
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Zhiwei
Published: June 2018

In situ TEM observations of crystallization pathways of amorphous bismuth ferrite films driven by electron irradiation and thermal heating.
Synergetic photoluminescence enhancement of monolayer MoS2via surface plasmon resonance and defect repair
Authors: Zeng Yi , Chen Weibing , Tang Bin , Liao Jianhui , Lou Jun , Chen Qing
Published: June 2018

A synergistic strategy is reported to obtain a highly enhanced photoluminescence (PL) of monolayer MoS2 by simultaneously improving the intensity of the electromagnetic field around MoS2 and the QY of MoS2.
Probing molecular dynamics with hyperpolarized ultrafast Laplace NMR using a low-field, single-sided magnet
Authors: King Jared N. , Fallorina Alfredo , Yu Justin , Zhang Guannan , Telkki Ville-Veikko , Hilty Christian , Meldrum Tyler
Published: June 2018

Ultrafast NMR measurements of diffusion and T2 relaxation reveal physical properties of samples and are compatible with hyperpolarization-based signal enhancement.
Enantioselective synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones by ruthenium(ii)–NHC-catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-oxazolones
Authors: Li Wei , Wollenburg Marco , Glorius Frank
Published: June 2018

A highly enantioselective synthesis of optically active 4-substituted 2-oxazolidinones was described via ruthenium(ii)–NHC-catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-oxazolones.
Spontaneous domain formation in disordered copolymers as a mechanism for chromosome structuring
Authors: Negri Matteo , Gherardi Marco , Tiana Guido , Cosentino Lagomarsino Marco
Published: June 2018

Motivated by the issue of domain formation in chromosomes, we show that disordered heteropolymers with sparse attractive interactions spontaneously develops localized domains.
The cosmic epoch dependence of environmental effects on size evolution of red-sequence early-type galaxies
Authors: Andreon S.
Published: June 2018

This work aims to observationally investigate the history of size growth of early-type galaxies and how the growth depends on cosmic epoch and the mass of the halo in which they are embedded. We carried out a photometric and structural analysis in the rest-frameVband of a mass-selected (logM/M⊙> 10.7) sample of red-sequence early-type galaxies with spectroscopic/grism redshift in the general field up toz= 2 to complement a previous work presenting an identical analysis but in halos 100 times more massive and 1000 times denser. We homogeneously derived sizes (effective radii) fully accounting for the multi-component nature of galaxies and the common presence of isophote twists and ellipticity gradients. By using these mass-selected samples, composed of 170 red-sequence early-type galaxies in the general field and 224 identically selected and analyzed in clusters, we isolate the effect on galaxy sizes of the halo in which galaxies are embedded and its dependence on epoch. We find that the log of the galaxy size at a fixed stellar mass, logM/M⊙= 11, has increased with epoch at a rate twice as fast in the field than in cluster in the last 10 Gyr (0.26 ± 0.03 versus 0.13 ± 0.02 dex per unit redshift). Red-sequence early-type galaxies in the general field reached the size of their cousins in denser environment byz= 0.25 ± 0.13 in spite of being three times smaller atz∼ 2. Data point toward a model where size growth is epoch-independent (i.e., ∂ logre/∂z=c), but with a ratecdepending on environment, ∂c/∂ logMhalo≈ 0.05. Environment determines the growth rate (d logre/dz) at all redshifts, indicating an external origin for the galaxy growth without any clear epoch where it ceases to have an effect. The larger size of early-type galaxies in massive halos at high redshift indicates that their size grew buildup earlier (atz> 2) at an accelerated rate, slowing down at some still unidentifiedz> 2 redshift. Instead, the size growth rate of red-sequence early-type galaxies in low-mass halos is reversed: it proceeds at an increased rate at late epochs after an early period (z> 2) of reduced growth, in agreement with the qualitative hierarchical picture of galaxy evolution. We found similar values of scatter around the mass-size relation independently of environment and epoch, indicating that the amount of dissipation in the system forming the observed galaxy does not vary greatly with epoch or environment.
Element history of the Laplace resonance: a dynamical approach
Authors: Paita F. , Celletti A. , Pucacco G.
Published: June 2018

Context. We consider the three-body mean motion resonance defined by the Jovian moons Io, Europa, and Ganymede, which is commonly known as the Laplace resonance. In terms of the moons’ mean longitudes λ1 (Io), λ2 (Europa), and λ3 (Ganymede), this resonance is described by the librating argument φL ≡ λ1 − 3λ2 + 2λ3 ≈ 180°, which is the sum of φ12 ≡ λ1 − 2λ2 + ϖ2 ≈ 180° and φ23 ≡ λ2 − 2λ3 + ϖ2 ≈ 0°, where ϖ2 denotes Europa’s longitude of perijove.

Aims. In particular, we construct approximate models for the evolution of the librating argument φL over the period of 100 yr, focusing on its principal amplitude and frequency, and on the observed mean motion combinations n1 − 2n2 and n2 − 2n3 associated with the quasi-resonant interactions above.

Methods. First, we numerically propagated the Cartesian equations of motion of the Jovian system for the period under examination, and by comparing the results with a suitable set of ephemerides, we derived the main dynamical effects on the target quantities. Using these effects, we built an alternative Hamiltonian formulation and used the normal forms theory to precisely locate the resonance and to semi-analytically compute its main amplitude and frequency.

Results. From the Cartesian model we observe that on the timescale considered and with ephemerides as initial conditions, both φL and the diagnostics n1 − 2n2 and n2 − 2n3 are well approximated by considering the mutual gravitational interactions of Jupiter and the Galilean moons (including Callisto), and the effect of Jupiter’s J2 harmonic. Under the same initial conditions, the Hamiltonian formulation in which Callisto and J2 are reduced to their secular contributions achieves larger errors for the quantities above, particularly for φL. By introducing appropriate resonant variables, we show that these errors can be reduced by moving in a certain action-angle phase plane, which in turn implies the necessity of a tradeoff in the selection of the initial conditions.

Conclusions. In addition to being a good starting point for a deeper understanding of the Laplace resonance, the models and methods described are easily generalizable to different types of multi-body mean motion resonances. Thus, they are also prime tools for studying the dynamics of extrasolar systems.
The first catalog of Fermi-LAT sources below 100 MeV
Authors: Principe G. , Malyshev D. , Ballet J. , Funk S.
Published: June 2018

We present the first Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) low energy catalog (1FLE) of sources detected in the energy range 30 – 100 MeV. The imaging Compton telescope (COMPTEL) onboard NASA’s Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory detected sources below 30 MeV, while catalogs of point sources released by the Fermi-LAT and EGRET collaborations use energies above 100 MeV. Because the Fermi-LAT detects gamma rays with energies as low as 20 MeV, we create a list of sources detected in the energy range between 30 and 100 MeV, which closes a gap of point source analysis between the COMPTEL catalog and the Fermi-LAT catalogs. One of the main challenges in the analysis of point sources is the construction of the background diffuse emission model. In our analysis, we use a background-independent method to search for point-like sources based on a wavelet transform implemented in the PGWave code. The 1FLE contains 198 sources detected above 3σ significance with eight years and nine months of the Fermi-LAT data. For 187 sources in the 1FLE catalog we have found an association in the Fermi-LAT 3FGL catalog: 148 are extragalactic, 22 are Galactic, and 17 are unclassified in the 3FGL. The ratio of the number of flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ) to BL Lacertae (BL Lacs) in 1FLE is three to one, which can be compared with an approximately 1:1 ratio for the 3FGL or a 1:6 ratio for 3FHL. The higher ratio of the FSRQs in the 1FLE is expected due to generally softer spectra of FSRQs relative to BL Lacs. Most BL Lacs in 1FLE are of low-synchrotron peaked blazar type (18 out of 31), which have softer spectra and higher redshifts than BL Lacs on average. Correspondingly, we find that the average redshift of the BL Lacs in 1FLE is higher than in 3FGL or 3FHL. There are 11 sources that do not have associations in the 3FGL. Most of the unassociated sources either come from regions of bright diffuse emission or have several known 3FGL sources in the vicinity, which can lead to source confusion. The remaining unassociated sources have significance less than 4σ.
Probing multi-phase outflows and AGN feedback in compact radio galaxies: the case of PKS B1934-63
Authors: Santoro F. , Rose M. , Morganti R. , Tadhunter C. , Oosterloo T. A. , Holt J.
Published: June 2018

Young radio AGN are pivotal for our understanding of many of the still-debated aspects of AGN feedback. In this paper we present a study of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the compact, peaked-spectrum radio galaxy PKS B1934-63 using X-shooter observations. Most of the warm ionized gas resides within a circum-nuclear disk with a radius of about 200 pc that is likely to constitute the gas reservoir from which the central black hole feeds. On the other hand, we find a biconical outflow of warm ionized gas with an estimated radius of 59 ± 12 pc. This matches the radial extent of the radio source and suggests that the outflow is jet driven. Thanks to the superior wavelength coverage of the data, we can estimate the density of the warm ionized gas using the trans-auroral line technique, and we find that the outflowing gas has remarkably high density, up to log ne (cm−3) ≃ 5.5. The estimated mass outflow rate is low (Ṁ = 10−3 −10−1 M⊙ yr−1), and the AGN feedback operates at relatively low efficiency (Ė/Lbol ∼ 10−4−10−3%). In addition, optical and near-IR line ratios show that the expansion of the radio source drives fast shocks (with velocities vs ≳ 500 km s−1) that ionize and accelerate the outflowing gas. At odds with the properties of other compact, peaked-spectrum radio sources hosting warm ionized gas outflows, we do not find signs of kinematically disturbed or outflowing gas in phases colder than the warm ionized gas. We argue that this is due to the young age of our source and thus to the recent nature of the AGN-ISM interaction, and suggest that cold gas forms within the outflowing material and the shock-ionized outflowing gas of PKS B1934-63 did not have enough time to cool down and accumulate in a colder phase. This scenario is also supported by the multi-phase outflows of other compact and young radio sources in the literature.
Was hat der Darm mit Übergewicht und Diabetes zu tun?
Authors: Walle Hardy
Published: June 2018

Eine gestörte Mikrobiota kann – neben Fehlernährung und Bewegungsmangel – zur Entstehung von Übergewicht und dessen Folgeerkrankungen beitragen. Ballaststoffe wie Betaglucan stabilisieren die Mikrobiota, unterstützen über die erhöhte Sättigung eine Gewichtsabnahme und vermindern hungerauslösende Blutzuckerschwankungen. Für den Menschen unverdauliche Ballaststoffe werden von Darmbakterien zu kurzkettigen Fettsäuren abgebaut, die u. a. die intestinale Darmbarriere verbessern. Ist die Schutzfunktion der Darmschleimhaut gestört, fördert dies die Entwicklung von Adipositas, nichtalkoholischer Fettleber und Typ-2-Diabetes. Die kurzkettigen Fettsäuren beeinflussen zudem Cholesterinspiegel und Blutglukosestoffwechsel positiv.
Familiäre Arrhythmieerkrankungen mit strukturell normalen Herzen
Authors: Brado Johannes , Odening Katja
Published: June 2018

Angeborene kardiale Ionenkanalerkrankungen/familiäre Arrhythmieerkrankungen sind häufige Ursachen für arrhythmogene Synkopen und den plötzlichen Herztod bei jungen Erwachsenen. Sie sind mittlerweile bei rechtzeitiger Diagnose und adäquater antiarrhythmischer Therapie gut beherrschbar. Der (verbesserten) Risikostratifizierung kommt in der Behandlung eine entscheidende Rolle zu. Da sich das arrhythmogene Risiko mit der Zeit ändern kann, sind regelmäßige Verlaufskontrollen indiziert. Die genetischen und pathophysiologischen Grundlagen werden zunehmend besser verstanden und so gezieltere (mechanismusbasierte) Therapien möglich.
Stellenwert der Tubendilatation bei Mittelohradhäsivprozess
Authors: Huhnd Laura Esther , Wirtz Stefan P. , Schrom Thomas
Published: June 2018

Hintergrund Eine gestörte Tubenfunktion stellt einen häufigen Befund bei Patienten dar und kann verschiedene Mittelohrerkrankungen begünstigen. Mit
Einführung der Ballondilatation wurde ein Verfahren zur Therapie der chronischen Tubenfunktionsstörung etabliert. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der
Stellenwert der Methode unter der speziellen Fragestellung des Erfolgs bei Mittelohradhäsivprozessen untersucht.

Material und Methoden In einer retrospektiven Studie im Zeitraum 2011 bis 2016 wurden die Daten von 81 Patienten, die aufgrund einer chronischen
Tubenventilationsstörung einer Tubendilatation unterzogen wurden hinsichtlich des präoperativen Vorliegens eines Adhäsivprozesses, ausgewertet. Der Erfolg der
Tubendilatation wurde anhand der postoperativen Fähigkeit zur Durchführung des SVT-Tests sowie der Selbsteinschätzung der Patienten beurteilt. Bei einem
mittleren Nachuntersuchungszeitraum von vier Monaten konnten bei insgesamt 13 Patienten mit Adhäsivprozess Daten zur prä- und postoperativen Tubenfunktion
einbezogen werden.

Ergebnisse Das Verfahren verlief in allen Fällen komplikationslos. Patienten mit einer Tubenventilationsstörung zeigten in 46 % postoperativ ein besseres
Ergebnis, während es bei 31 % der Patienten mit Adhäsivprozess zu einer Besserung der Mittelohrbelüftung kam. Subjektiv gaben 54 % der Patienten eine Besserung
ihrer Beschwerden an.

Schlussfolgerung Trotz einer subjektiven Besserung der angegebenen Beschwerden in 54 % der Fälle, kam es in unserer Studie nur bei 31 % der Patienten mit
einem Adhäsivprozess zu einem objektiv messbaren Erfolg. Zur Klärung der Frage, in wieweit die Kombination mit anderen mittelohrchirurgischen Eingriffen
günstigere Therapierfolge hat, sind zukünftige Studien mit größeren Patientenkollektiven erforderlich.
Four New 2-(2-Phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one Derivatives from the Resinous Wood of Aquilaria sinensis and Their Inhibitory Activities on Neutrophil Pro-Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Wang Sin-Ling , Liao Hsiang-Ruei , Cheng Ming-Jen , Shu Chih-Wen , Chen Chun-Lin , Chung Mei-Ing , Chen Jih-Jung
Published: June 2018

Four new 2-(2-phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives, 6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-[2-(4′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (1), 6,7-dimethoxy-2-[2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (2), 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-[2-(3′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-chromone (3), and 7-chloro-8-hydroxy-2-[2-(4′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (4), have been isolated from the resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis, together with 16 known compounds (5–20). Among these, 7-methoxy-2-[2-(4′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (5) was isolated from a natural source for the first time. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR, UV). Nine compounds, including 1 showed more than 80% inhibition of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine at 50 µM.
Baboon Models of Acute Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: Hanson Stephen R , Harker Laurence A
Published: June 2018

In conclusion, we believe that the baboon offers many advantages as an experimental animal to study vascular disease, thrombus formation and dissolution, the effects of mediating variables, and the relative efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Each specific application for testing therapeutic agents may require testing in different model systems. For example, the AV vascular graft model is efficient, cost effective and well adapted to study interventions for acute arterialthrombosis. As the antithrombotic products of genetic engineering and molecular biology emerge, it will be increasingly important to have relevant, reproducible, and quantitative approaches to evaluate their effects in vivo.
Depression of Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Activity and Rise of t-PA Inhibition and Acute Phase Reactants in Blood of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
Authors: Gram Jørgen , Kluft Cornelis , Jespersen Jørgen
Published: June 2018

We determined during the acute stage of myocardial infarction selected fibrinolysis variables (tissue-type plasminogen activator, intrinsic plasminogen activators, tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibition, C1-inactivator) and relatedthe observed changes to changes in two acute phase reactants (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen). Acute myocardial injury induce significant increases in blood of tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibition (day one, p <0.05), C-reactive protein (day three, p <0.01), fibrinogen (day six, p <0.01), and C1-inactivator (day eight, p <0.01). Tissue-type plasminogen activator activity measured as C1-inactivator resistant fibrinolytic activity showed a minimum day two after the acute attack (p <0.01), whereas plasminogen activator activities arising from the intrinsic system of fibrinolysis remained constant. The observed changes did not parallel the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis indicated by a positive Tc-plasmin test (41% of the patients).
Purification and Further Characterization of Antithrombin III Milano: Lack of Reactivity with Thrombin
Authors: Wolf M , Boyer-Neumann C , Meyer D , Tripodi A , Mannucci P M , Larrieu M J
Published: June 2018

The functional abnormality of Antithrombin III “Milano”, a previously described variant with monomeric and dimeric forms of abnormal AT III, has been further characterized. Affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose led to the separation and purification of two distinct tractions: fraction I is identical to normal AT III; fraction II (abnormal AT III) reproduces the abnormalities of the AT III “Milano”, i.e. lack of thrombin inhibition, incieased mobility by two-dimensional immunoclectrophoresis in the absence of heparin and migration as two bands with molecular weights of 60 K and 120 K by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyaeiylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The interaction of both fiactions with purified u-thrombin was studied by the formation of complexes as well as by affinity chromatography on thrombin Seplmiose. No thrombin-AT III complexes could be demonstrated with either the monomeric or dimeric forms of purified variant AT III at both concentrations of thrombin used. Similarly, no binding to thrombin-Sepharose was observed, thus indicating that the molecular defect of AT III Milano is related to its absence of reactivity with thrombin.
Platelet Density-Dependent Partition of Platelet- von Willebrand Factor Between Alpha Granule and Non-Alpha Granule Pools
Authors: Parker R I , Shafer Brenda C , Gralnick H R
Published: June 2018

In this study, we demonstrate that platelets contain a small hut significant amount of platelet-von Willebrand factor(vWf) not associated with α-granules. When platelets free of plasma proteins are exposed to micromolar concentrations ofdigitonin, plasma membrane permeabilization occurs without disruption of platelet granules. Employing this technique, wehave found that upon exposure of a total platelet population to 8 μM digitonin, 5% of total platelet-vWf is released into the supernatant; this occurs without release of (β-TG from α-granules. When platelets of discrete buoyant density profiles are tested, this extragranular platelet-vWf increased with decreasing platelet density. These findings suggest that a redistribution of platelet-vWf from α-granule to non-granule sites occurs coincident with a decrease inplatelet buoyant density.
Luminography – an Alternative Assay for Detection of von Willebrand Factor Multimers
Authors: Schneppenheim R , Plendl H , Budde U
Published: June 2018

A luminescence assay was adapted for detection of von Willebrand factor multimers subsequent to SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis and electroblotting onto nitrocellulose. The method is as fast as chromogenic detection methods and appears to be as sensitive as autoradiography without the disadvantages of the latter.
Functional Assays of Protein C: Comparison of Two Snake-Venom Assays with Two Thrombin Assays
Authors: Franchi F , Tripodi A , Valsecchi C , Mannucci P M
Published: June 2018

Protein C (PC) activities measured by two thrombin-based assays have been compared with those obtained by two assays based on snake venom activation of plasma PC followed by measurement of both the amidolytic and anticoagulant activities of activated PC. This study indicates that snake venom assays gave results similar to those of the thrombin assays in 20 healthy subjects, in 16 patients with DIC and in 15 patients with congenital PC deficiency. There was, however, some degree of misclassification of normals and congenitally-deficient patients, with only the clotting snake venom assay resulting in no misclassifications. In 15 patients stabilized on warfarin treatment and in 17 with liver disease, the clotting snake venom assay gave significantly lower values than the other assays, so that it might prove to be more sensitive than the other assays to these defects.
Further Studies on the Mechanisms for the Antithrombotic Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides in Rabbits
Authors: Ofosu F A , Fernandez F , Anvari N , Caranobe C , Dol F , Cadroy Y , Petitou M , Mardiguian J , Sié P , Boneu B
Published: June 2018

A recent study (Fernandez et al., Thromb. Haemostas. 1987; 57: 286-93) demonstrated that when rabbits were injected with the minimum weight of a variety of glycosaminoglycans required to inhibit tissue factor-induced thrombus formation by —80%, exogenous thrombin was inactivated —twice as fast in the post-treatment plasmas as the pre-treatment plasmas. In this study, we investigated the relationship between inhibition of thrombus formation and the extent of thrombin inhibition ex vivo. We also investigated the relationship between inhibition of thrombus formation and inhibition of prothrombin activation ex vivo. Four sulfated polysaccharides (SPS) which influence coagulation in a variety of ways were used in this study. Unfractionated heparin and the fraction of heparin with high affinity to antithrombin III potentiate the antiproteinase activity of antithrombin III. Pentosan polysulfate potentiates the activity of heparin cofactor II. At less than 10 pg/ml of plasma, all three SPS also inhibit intrinsic prothrombin activation. The fourth agent, dermatan sulfate, potentiates the activity of heparin cofactor II but fails to inhibit intrinsic prothrombin activation even at concentrations which exceed 60 pg/ml of plasma. Inhibition of thrombus formation by each sulfated polysaccharides was linearly related to the extent of thrombin inhibition achieved ex vivo. These observations confirm the utility of catalysis of thrombin inhibition as an index for assessing antithrombotic potential of glycosaminoglycans and other sulfated polysaccharides in rabbits. With the exception of pentosan polysulfate, there was no clear relationship between inhibition of thrombus formation and inhibition of prothrombin activation ex vivo.
In Vivo Effects of a Low Molecular Weight Heparin Fragment on Platelet Aggregation and Platelet Dependent Hemostasis in Dogs
Authors: Ljungberg B , Johnsson H
Published: June 2018

Plasma defibrinogenated dogs were used to study the influence of conventional heparin and a low molecular weight heparin fragment (Fragmin®, mean MW 5,000 d) on platelet dependent hemostasis. The heparins were given intravenously in gravimetri- cafly equal doses. The bleeding from standardized skin flap wounds and platelet aggregation (ADP and thrombin) was studied. In comparison, higher doses of the fragment than of heparin were required to increase the bleeding. ADP-induced aggregation in defibrinogenated platelet rich plasma (after addition of normal dog plasma) was potentiated by both heparins. After injection of heparin or the fragment, ADP induced platelet aggregation without prior addition of normal plasma to the testtube.

In conclusion the heparin fragment affected bleeding to a less extent than conventional heparin. One explanation might be a weaker inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation.