bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENTRE NIETZSCHE E CAMUS
Authors: Ferreira de Lima Michelle
Published: March 2023

Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever os conceitos de niilismo e absurdo com referência em Nietzsche e Albert Camus. No pensamento nietzschiano o niilismo surge primeiramente como sintoma da derrocada de sentido e corrosão dos valores da tradição. Nesse sentido, o niilismo surge como um processo, uma marcha que intensifica o instinto de destruição. A morte de Deus é assumida pelo sujeito moderno como a perda total de sentido e tal acontecimento gera um vazio em suas vidas desmundanizadas (Cf. ARALDI, 2004, p. 68). A ausência de sentido advinda da dissolução de crenças gera o sentimento de vazio na existência com a perda de valor, sentido ou finalidade. O niilismo existencial demonstra a morte dos valores e o surgimento do absurdo, já que o homem sente dificuldade em se tornar criador do sentido. (Cf. VEIT, 2018, p. 212). Com a morte de Deus, de crenças, de verdade absoluta, deriva o niilismo que é resultante da morte desses valores, em consequência advém o absurdo, pois embora não exista sentido ou propósito para a vida, o humano ainda anseia por isso. Nesse sentido, Albert Camus se dedica a investigar se a falta de sentido e constatação do vazio e do absurdo resultaria em suicídio. Por fim, ele constata que a falta de sentido não implica em suicídio, uma vez que o sujeito se encontra livre para criar novos mundos por meio da revolta.

Palavras-chave: Niilismo. Morte de Deus. Absurdo.
ACHERONTA MOVEBO – MOVEREI AS REGIÕES INFERNAIS
Authors: Cardoso Samuel
Published: March 2023

Anais do “I Seminário de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Pós-Graduação em Filosofia da UNESAR”
Analysis of heavy metals in the conversion of lake sediment and restaurant waste by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Hu Caixi , Yang Longyuan , Wang Hanlin , Xiao Xiaopeng , Wang Zhongwen , Gong Xiangyi , Liu Xianli , Li Wu
Published: March 2023

The risk posed by heavy metals makes it difficult to dispose of sediment contaminants from dredging lakes in China. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) can convert organic waste, such as restaurant waste and lake sediment, to high-value-added protein feed and fertilizer. Experimental groups were formed in this study to explore the conversion of heavy metals present in the mixture of restaurant waste and lake sediment by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). The results demonstrated that BSFL could survive in pure sediment with an 84.76% survival rate. Relative to the substrate, BSFL could accumulate 70-90% zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and 20-40% cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The experimental group 2:3, with 40% lake sediment and 60% restaurant waste, was the best group after conversion for 15 days, which showed a 95.24% survival rate of BFSL, 82.20 mg average weight of BFSL, 8.92 mm average length of BFSL, with varying content of heavy metals such as Cu (43.22 mg/kg), Zn (193.31 mg/kg), Cd (1.58 mg/kg), Cr (25.30 mg/kg) Cr, and Pb (38.59 mg/kg) in BSFL. Furthermore, the conversion residue conforms to the relevant standards of organic fertilizer in China and can be used as organic fertilizer. Overall, the present study shows that black soldier flies can improve the resource utilization of lake sediment, especially by reducing the effect of heavy metals.
Simplified out-of-plane seismic behavior assessment of non-structural rocking walls
Authors: Lestuzzi Pierino
Published: March 2023

This paper provides a simplified tool for preliminary seismic assessment of the out-of-plane behavior of non-structural walls, such as unreinforced masonry partition walls, based on non-linear time-history analyses. The studies are performed using equivalent single-degree-of-freedom systems and trilinear hysteretic models. The out-of-plane stability is investigated through statistical assessment of computed non-linear displacement demand related to spectrum-compatible ground motions. The trilinear model developed by Doherty and Griffith is used in the investigations. This hysteretic model is based on a rigid body behavior assumption and its accuracy was extensively validated using experimental results. Four sets of 12 recorded earthquakes, slightly modified to match design response spectra of different soil conditions, were used as ground motions for the non-linear time-history analyses. Non-structural walls located at the ground level as well as in the upper floors were also examined. The obtained results show that the static stability criterion provides an accurate estimate of the seismic resistance of non-structural rocking walls (i.e., vertical cantilevers with rigid body behavior). According to that criterion the ground acceleration threshold corresponds to the product of the wall aspect ratio by the acceleration of gravity (g). Compared to non-linear results, the corresponding calculated limit ground acceleration is on the safe side. Moreover, considering floor response spectra, this approach may be easily extended to non-structural walls situated in the upper storeys.
The saga of dyssynchrony imaging: Are we getting to the point
Authors: Galli Elena , Galand Vincent , Le Rolle Virginie , Taconne Marion , Wazzan Adrien Al , Hernandez Alfredo , Leclercq Christophe , Donal Erwan
Published: March 2023

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) has an established role in the management of patients with heart failure, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF < 35%) and widened QRS (>130 msec). Despite the complex pathophysiology of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony and the increasing evidence supporting the identification of specific electromechanical substrates that are associated with a higher probability of CRT response, the assessment of LVEF is the only imaging-derived parameter used for the selection of CRT candidates.

This review aims to (1) provide an overview of the evolution of cardiac imaging for the assessment of LV dyssynchrony and its role in the selection of patients undergoing CRT; (2) highlight the main pitfalls and advantages of the application of cardiac imaging for the assessment of LV dyssynchrony; (3) provide some perspectives for clinical application and future research in this field.

Conclusion

the road for a more individualized approach to resynchronization therapy delivery is open and imaging might provide important input beyond the assessment of LVEF.
The Tourism Adaptation Classification (TAC) framework: An application to New Zealand's Glacier country
Authors: Strong Samantha , Stewart Emma J. , Espiner Stephen , Hanly Katherine
Published: March 2023

Alongside growing awareness of the significance of environmental change for glacier regions, and their tourism-dependent communities, is the realization of the need to adapt to changing conditions. Such adaptation is necessary for tourism operators, managers, and planners as well as the visitors themselves, and is part of building resilient tourism systems. This paper presents a conceptual framework for understanding the possible stages of adaptation in glacier tourism destinations. The Tourism Adaptation Classification (TAC) framework aligns three stages of adaptation (resilience, transition, and transformation) against adaptation strategies implemented by tourism stakeholders and identifies specific characteristics. Using a desk-based case study approach, the framework is illustrated with reference to Glacier Country in New Zealand's Westland/Tai Poutini National Park in relation to three core dimensions of the tourism system: tourism planning and governance; tourism business and operations; and visitor experience.
Maintenance and recall of memory T cell populations against tuberculosis: Implications for vaccine design
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Haoran , Li Shanshan , Yuan Jinfeng , Pang Yu
Published: March 2023

Despite the widespread use of standardised drug regimens, advanced diagnostics, and Mycobacterium bovis Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines, the global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic remains uncontrollable. To address this challenge, improved vaccines are urgently required that can elicit persistent immunologic memory, the hallmark of successful vaccines. Nonetheless, the processes underlying the induction and maintenance of immunologic memory are not entirely understood. Clarifying how memory T cells (Tm cells) are created and survive long term may be a crucial step towards the development of effective T cell–targeted vaccines. Here, we review research findings on the memory T cell response, which involves mobilization of several distinct Tm cell subsets that are required for efficient host suppression of M. tuberculosis (Mtb) activity. We also summaries current knowledge related to the T cell response-based host barrier against Mtb infection and discuss advantages and disadvantages of novel TB vaccine candidates.
Targeting CXCL1 chemokine signaling for treating cisplatin ototoxicity
Authors: Al Aameri Raheem F. H. , Alanisi Entkhab M. A. , Oluwatosin Adu , Al Sallami Dheyaa , Sheth Sandeep , Alberts Ian , Patel Shree , Rybak Leonard P. , Ramkumar Vickram
Published: March 2023

Cisplatin is chemotherapy used for solid tumor treatment like lung, bladder, head and neck, ovarian and testicular cancers. However, cisplatin-induced ototoxicity limits the utility of this agent in cancer patients, especially when dose escalations are needed. Ototoxicity is associated with cochlear cell death through DNA damage, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the consequent activation of caspase, glutamate excitotoxicity, inflammation, apoptosis and/or necrosis. Previous studies have demonstrated a role of CXC chemokines in cisplatin ototoxicity. In this study, we investigated the role of CXCL1, a cytokine which increased in the serum and cochlea by 24 h following cisplatin administration. Adult male Wistar rats treated with cisplatin demonstrated significant hearing loss, assessed by auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), hair cell loss and loss of ribbon synapse. Immunohistochemical studies evaluated the levels of CXCL1 along with increased presence of CD68 and CD45-positive immune cells in cochlea. Increases in CXCL1 was time-dependent in the spiral ganglion neurons and organ of Corti and was associated with progressive increases in CD45, CD68 and IBA1-positive immune cells. Trans-tympanic administration of SB225002, a chemical inhibitor of CXCR2 (receptor target for CXCL1) reduced immune cell migration, protected against cisplatin-induced hearing loss and preserved hair cell integrity. We show that SB225002 reduced the expression of CXCL1, NOX3, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2. Similarly, knockdown of CXCR2 by trans-tympanic administration of CXCR2 siRNA protected against hearing loss and loss of outer hair cells and reduced ribbon synapses. In addition, SB225002 reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators induced by cisplatin. These results implicate the CXCL1 chemokine as an early player in cisplatin ototoxicity, possibly by initiating the immune cascade, and indicate that CXCR2 is a relevant target for treating cisplatin ototoxicity.
C-type lectin receptor agonists elicit functional IL21-expressing Tfh cells and induce primary B cell responses in neonates
Authors: Vono Maria , Mastelic-Gavillet Beatris , Mohr Elodie , Östensson Malin , Persson Josefine , Olafsdottir Thorunn A. , Lemeille Sylvain , Pejoski David , Hartley Oliver , Christensen Dennis , Andersen Peter , Didierlaurent Arnaud M. , Harandi Ali M. , Lambert Paul-Henri , Siegrist Claire-Anne
Published: March 2023

Introduction

C-type lectin receptor (CLR) agonists emerged as superior inducers of primary B cell responses in early life compared with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, while both types of adjuvants are potent in adults.

Methods

Here, we explored the mechanisms accounting for the differences in neonatal adjuvanticity between a CLR-based (CAF®01) and a TLR4-based (GLA-SE) adjuvant administered with influenza hemagglutinin (HA) in neonatal mice, by using transcriptomics and systems biology analyses.

Results

On day 7 after immunization, HA/CAF01 increased IL6 and IL21 levels in the draining lymph nodes, while HA/GLA-SE increased IL10. CAF01 induced mixed Th1/Th17 neonatal responses while T cell responses induced by GLA-SE had a more pronounced Th2-profile. Only CAF01 induced T follicular helper (Tfh) cells expressing high levels of IL21 similar to levels induced in adult mice, which is essential for germinal center (GC) formation. Accordingly, only CAF01- induced neonatal Tfh cells activated adoptively transferred hen egg lysozyme (HEL)-specific B cells to form HEL+ GC B cells in neonatal mice upon vaccination with HEL-OVA.

Discussion

Collectively, the data show that CLR-based adjuvants are promising neonatal and infant adjuvants due to their ability to harness Tfh responses in early life.
Application of weighted gene co-expression network and immune infiltration for explorations of key genes in the brain of elderly COVID-19 patients
Authors: Huang Lixia , Qin Wei , Guo Zirui , Li Xiaoyu , Li Fajiu , Wang Xiang
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Although many studies have demonstrated the existing neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients, the mechanisms are not clear until now. This study aimed to figure out the critical molecular and immune infiltration situations in the brain of elderly COVID-19 patients.

Methods

GSE188847 was used for the differential analysis, WGCNA, and immune infiltration analysis. We also performed GO, KEGG, GSEA, and GSVA for the enrich analysis.

Results

266 DEGs, obtained from the brain samples of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients whose ages were over 70 years old, were identified. GO and KEGG analysis revealed the enrichment in synapse and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction in COVID-19 patients. Further analysis found that asthma and immune system signal pathways were significant changes based on GSEA and GSVA. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated the imbalance of CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and HLA. The MEpurple module genes were the most significantly different relative to COVID-19. Finally, RPS29, S100A10, and TIMP1 were the critical genes attributed to the progress of brain damage.

Conclusion

RPS29, S100A10, and TIMP1 were the critical genes in the brain pathology of COVID-19 in elderly patients. Our research has revealed a new mechanism and a potential therapeutic target.
Intelligent methods for optimization design of lightweight fiber-reinforced composite structures: A review and the-state-of-the-art
Authors: Chen Yonglin , Zhang Junming , Li Zefu , Zhang Huliang , Chen Jiping , Yang Weidong , Yu Tao , Liu Weiping , Li Yan
Published: March 2023

As the application of lightweight fiber-reinforced composite structures reaches an unprecedented scale in industry, design technology for composite structures becomes crucial for enhancing performance, improving productivity, and reducing cost. In recent years, the rapid development of intelligent technology, such as big data, deep learning, and machine learning, has promoted the development of design technology. However, the current situation and intellectualization of the design technology is not well summarized. This paper reviews the advance in design technologies for fiber-reinforced composite structures, including prediction and optimization methods for composite properties. Then, their intellectualization development is overviewed. Finally, the development trend of intelligent design technologies and intelligent composite structures are discussed. This work can provide a reference for researchers in the related field.
Microbial diversity and community composition of fecal microbiota in dual-purpose and egg type ducks
Authors: Ouyang Jing , Li Yuhang , Wu Yongfei , Tang Hongbo , Zheng Sumei , Xiong Yanpeng , Wang Luping , Wang Cong , Luo Keyi , Gao Yuren , Yan Xueming , Chen Hao
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Ducks are important agricultural animals, which can be divided into egg and dual-purpose type ducks according to economic use. The gut microbiota of ducks plays an important role in their metabolism, immune regulation, and health maintenance.

Methods

Here, we use 16S rDNA V4 hypervariable amplicon sequencing to investigate the compositions and community structures of fecal microbiota between egg (five breeds, 96 individuals) and dual-purpose type ducks (four breeds, 73 individuals) that were reared under the same conditions.

Results

The alpha diversity of fecal microflora in egg type ducks was significantly higher than that in dual-type ducks. In contrast, there is no significant difference in the fecal microbial community richness between the two groups. MetaStat analysis showed that the abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillus, Romboutsia, and Campylobacter were significantly different between the two groups. The biomarkers associated with the egg and dual-purpose type ducks were identified using LEfSe analysis and IndVal index. Function prediction of the gut microbiota indicated significant differences between the two groups. The functions of environmental information processing, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, and metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides were more abundant in egg type ducks. Conversely, the genetic information processing, nucleotide metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids and secondary metabolites, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, fatty acid elongation, and insulin resistance were significantly enriched in dual-purpose type ducks.

Discussion

This study explored the structure and diversity of the gut microbiota of ducks from different economic-use groups, and provides a reference for improving duck performance by using related probiotics in production.
The complex interplay of hypoxia and sleep disturbance in gray matter structure alterations in obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Yezhou , Ji Lirong , Su Tong , Cheng Chaohong , Han Fei , Cox Daniel J. , Wang Erlei , Chen Rui
Published: March 2023

Background

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) characteristically leads to nocturnal hypoxia and sleep disturbance. Despite clear evidence of OSA-induced cognitive impairments, the literature offers no consensus on the relationship between these pathophysiological processes and brain structure alterations in patients.

Objective

This study leverages the robust technique of structural equation modeling to investigate how hypoxia and sleep disturbance exert differential effects on gray matter structures.

Methods

Seventy-four Male participants were recruited to undergo overnight polysomnography and T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Four structural outcome parameters were extracted, namely, gray matter volume, cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and fractal dimension. Structural equation models were constructed with two latent variables (hypoxia, and sleep disturbance) and three covariates (age, body mass index, and education) to examine the association between gray matter structural changes in OSA and the two latent variables, hypoxia and sleep disturbance.

Results

The structural equation models revealed hypoxia-associated changes in diverse regions, most significantly in increased gray matter volume, cortical thickness and sulcal depth. In contrast, sleep disturbance. Was shown to be largely associated with reduce gray matter volume and sulcal depth.

Conclusion

This study provides new evidence showing significant effects of OSA-induced hypoxia and sleep disturbance on gray matter volume and morphology in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea. It also demonstrates the utility of robust structural equation models in examining obstructive sleep apnea pathophysiology.
Assessment of ethnobotanical uses, household, and regional genetic diversity of aroid species grown in northeastern India
Authors: Verma Veerendra Kumar , Kumar Amit , Rymbai Heiplanmi , Talang Hammylliende , Chaudhuri Priyajit , Devi Mayanglambam Bilashini , Singh Nongmaithem Uttam , Hazarika Samrendra , Mishra Vinay Kumar
Published: March 2023

Aroids are an important group of indigenous tuber crops, grown widely for their leaves, petioles, stolons, corms, and cormels. A total of 53 genotypes were evaluated for their genetic diversity in northeastern region of India. At household level, a total of 16 landraces of Aroids were recorded having different ethnobotanical uses. Based on the population study underJhum/Shifting farming, landrace Rengama was dominant in area with 47% of the total population followed by Tamachongkham and Tasakrek. However, Pugarkusu and Chigi occupied 33.0 and 24.0% of the population, respectively under backyard farming, and were considered as major landraces. Tamachongkham, high in acridity and total oxalate content (0.82%), was used for cooking with meat, while Tasakrek was used as a baby food due to high total sugar (>3.0%), low in acridity, and total oxalate content (<0.12%). The Simpson’s diversity index of the backyards was higher (0.80) as compared toJhumfield (0.63). The genotypes showed wider variability in growth and yield attributes like; plant height (89.4–206.1 cm), number of side shoots (1.84–5.92), corm weight (38.0–683.3 g), cormel weight (14.0–348.3 g), yield (0.24–1.83 kg plant−1). Similarly, wide variations were also observed for quality traits like total sugar (1.93–4.94%); starch (15.32–32.49%), total oxalate (0.10–0.82%), and dry matter (16.75–27.08%) content. Except for total oxalate, all the growth and yield attributes have shown high heritability and moderate to high genetic advance. Molecular analysis (33 polymorphic SSR markers) detected a total of 136 alleles, ranged 3 to 8 alleles per marker. The observed heterozygosity (0.24) was less than expected heterozygosity (0.69). The group-wise maximum genetic divergence was observed betweenColocasia fallax(cv. Chigi) toC. esculentavar.aquatilis(cv. Tharsing);C. fallax(cv. Chigi) toC. gigantea(cv. Ganima) andC. gigantea(cv. Ganima) toXanthosomaspp., while it was least between eddo and dasheen. The findings indicated, a wider diversity and distinct ethnobotanical uses of Aroid landraces at the house hold levels, which should be conserved and popularized to ensure nutritional security.
A feasibility study of perioperative vitamin D supplementation in patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection
Authors: Vaughan-Shaw P. G. , Buijs L. F. , Blackmur J. P. , Ewing A. , Becher H. , Theodoratou E. , Ooi L. Y. , Din F. V. N. , Farrington S. M. , Dunlop M. G.
Published: March 2023

Background

Vitamin D supplementation improves colorectal cancer (CRC) survival outcomes in randomized trials. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility, safety and efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in the pre- and perioperative period in patients undergoing CRC surgery.

Methods

Patients were given 3200IU oral cholecalciferol (D3) per day perioperatively. Serial serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25OHD) was measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and compared to untreated CRC controls. 25OHD and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were compared using adjusted generalized linear mixed-effects models.

Results

A total of 122 patients underwent serial perioperative sampling, including 41 patients given high-dose perioperative supplementation. Supplementation was well-tolerated with no adverse or serious adverse events related to supplementation reported. Pre-operative supplementation increased 25OHD levels on the day of surgery (103.9 vs. 42.5 nmol/l,P= 8.2E–12). Supplementation increased 25OHD levels at all post-operative timepoints (P< 0.001) and attenuated the post-operative drop in 25OHD (46 vs. 24% drop,P= 3.0E–4). Rate of vitamin D peri-operative insufficiency was significantly less in those on supplementation (e.g., day 3–5, 14 vs. 84%,P= 1.41E–08), with multivariate modeling across all timepoints indicating a ∼59 nmol/l higher 25OHD compared to control patients (P= 3.7E–21). Post-operative CRP was lower in patients taking supplementation (e.g., day 3–5 timepoint; 129 vs. 81 mg/l,P= 0.04).

Conclusion

High dose pre-operative vitamin D supplementation is associated with higher perioperative 25OHD levels, lower rates of vitamin D insufficiency and reduced early post-operative CRP. Alongside published evidence for a beneficial effect of vitamin D on CRC survival outcomes, these novel findings provide strong rationale for early initiation of vitamin D supplementation after a diagnosis of CRC.
Assessing the predictive value of clinical factors to pathological complete response for locally advanced rectal cancer: An analysis of 124 patients
Authors: Zhou Chaoxi , Wang Kanghua , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Xiao Yuting , Yang Congrong , Wang Jun , Qu Fuyin , Wang Xuan , Liu Ming , Gao Chao , Xiao Linlin , Wu Fengpeng
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To investigate the clinical factors affecting pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Methods

Clinical data of 124 LARC patients treated with nCRT and surgery in the fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2014 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. In this study, univariate analysis and logistic dichotomous multivariate regression analysis were used to study the clinical factors affecting pCR, and the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to further verify the accuracy of partial indexes in predicting pCR.

Results

Of the 124 enrolled patients, 19 patients (15.32%) achieved pCR. Univariate analysis showed that the number of cycles of consolidation chemotherapy, serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) level before treatment, MRI longitudinal length of tumor, and extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) were statistically correlated with pCR. ROC analysis of the longitudinal length of tumor measured by MRI showed that the area under the curve (AUC) value, sensitivity and specificity were 0.735, 89.47% and 48.57% respectively, and the optimal cut-off value was 5.5cm. The ROC analysis showed that the AUC value, sensitivity and specificity of pCR prediction using CEA were 0.741, 63.16% and 90.48%, respectively, and the optimal cut-off value was 3.1ng/ml. Multivariate results showed that the number of cycles of consolidation chemotherapy, serum CEA level before treatment, and EMVI were independent predictors of pCR.

Conclusion

The number of cycles of consolidation chemotherapy, serum CEA level before treatment, and EMVI may be important determinants of LARC patients to reach pCR after nCRT.
Comparative analysis of clinicopathological characteristics of central necrotizing breast cancer and basal cell-like breast cancer
Authors: Ding Li , Kun Wang , Xu Wenjing , Chen Shaohua , Cai Zhaogen
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to compare the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of centrally necrotizing carcinoma of the breast (CNC) and basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), as well as to analyze the characteristics of the molecular typing of the CNC.

Methods

The clinicopathological features of 69 cases of CNC and 48 cases of BLBC were observed and compared. EnVision immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in CNC and BLBC.

Results

The age of the 69 patients ranged from 32 to 80 years, with an average of 54.55 years. Gross examination showed that most tumors were well-defined single central nodules with a diameter of 1.2~5.0 cm. Microscopically, there is a large necrotic or acellular area in the center of the tumor, mainly composed of tumor coagulative necrosis with varying degrees of fibrosis or hyaline degeneration. A small amount of cancer tissue remained in the form of a ribbon or small nest around the necrotic focus. Among 69 cases of CNC, the proportion of basal cell type (56.5%) was significantly higher than that of lumen type A (18.84%), lumen type B (13.04%), HER2 overexpression (5.8%), and nonexpression (5.8%). A total of 31 cases were followed up for 8~50 months, with an average of 33.94 months. There have been nine cases of disease progression. When compared to BLBC, there were no significant differences in BRCA1 and VEGF protein expression in response to CNC (p > 0.05), but there were significant differences in protein expression in HIF-1α (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The molecular typing of CNC showed that over half of those were BLBC. No statistically significant difference in the expression of BRCA1 was observed between CNC and BLBC; thus, we predict that targeted therapy for BRCA1 in BLBC may also have considerable effects in CNC patients. The expression of HIF-1α is significantly different in CNC and BLBC, and perhaps HIF-1α can be used as a new entry point to distinguish between the two. There is a significant correlation between the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in BLBC, and there was no significant correlation between the expression levels of the two proteins in CNC.
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression: Analysis of three periods between 2011 and 2017 at an HIV-AIDS center, Brazil
Authors: Milward de Azevedo Meiners Micheline Marie , Araújo Cruz Igor , de Toledo Maria Inês
Published: March 2023

The increased effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the last 30 years is a scientific landmark, and viral suppression is directly associated with treatment adherence. The aim of this study was to compare the results of ART adherence and viral load suppression with the evolution of the protocols and other associated factors, in people living with HIV. A panel analysis of three descriptive longitudinal studies investigating ART adherence and viral load suppression was conducted in people with HIV treated at a drug dispensing unit in the Federal District. The studies were carried out during periods of 2011, 2013, and 2017, coinciding with the three different recommended treatment schemes for the country. Adherence was assessed using drug dispensing records. Viral load data were obtained from the Ministry of Healthʼs Laboratory Examination Information System. Analysis of the data of 522 individuals in the three periods showed sociodemographic differences such as a decline in the percentage of women (from 33% in period 1 to 4% in period 3) and an increase in the percentage of young people. ART adherence was higher in period 2 (tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz scheme). Viral load suppression was greater in period 3 (tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir scheme). The relative detectable viral load risk was nearly two-fold higher (RR 1.83) in people living with HIV with less than 80% adherence when compared to those above 80%. With respect to the different schemes recommended in Brazil during the periods studied, ART containing dolutegravir was the most effective in achieving viral load suppression. By contrast, there was better ART adherence in the daily combined fixed dose consisting of tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz in tablet form. Adherence to ART above 80% seemed to be enough to promote an effective treatment in therapeutic schemes including efavirenz or dolutegravir.
Mitochondrial redox system: A key target of antioxidant therapy to prevent acquired sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Baek Jeong-In , Kim Ye-Ri , Lee Kyu-Yup , Kim Un-Kyung
Published: March 2023

Noise (noise-induced hearing loss), and ototoxic drugs (drug-induced ototoxicity), and aging (age-related hearing loss) are the major environmental factors that lead to acquired sensorineural hearing loss. So far, there have been numerous efforts to develop protective or therapeutic agents for acquired hearing loss by investigating the pathological mechanisms of each types of hearing loss, especially in cochlear hair cells and auditory nerves. Although there is still a lack of information on the underlying mechanisms of redox homeostasis and molecular redox networks in hair cells, an imbalance in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels that enhance oxidative stress has been suggested as a key pathological factor eventually causing acquired sensorineural hearing loss. Thus, various types of antioxidants have been investigated for their abilities to support auditory cells in maintenance of the hearing function against ototoxic stimuli. In this review, we will discuss the scientific possibility of developing drugs that target particular key elements of the mitochondrial redox network in prevention or treatment of noise- and ototoxic drug-induced hearing loss.
Altered coronary artery function, arteriogenesis and endothelial YAP signaling in postnatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Langa Paulina , Marszalek Richard J. , Warren Chad M. , Chowdhury Shamim K. , Halas Monika , Batra Ashley , Rafael-Clyke Koreena , Bacon Angelie , Goldspink Paul H. , Solaro R. John , Wolska Beata M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiovascular genetic disease caused largely by sarcomere protein mutations. Gaps in our understanding exist as to how maladaptive sarcomeric biophysical signals are transduced to intra- and extracellular compartments leading to HCM progression. To investigate early HCM progression, we focused on the onset of myofilament dysfunction during neonatal development and examined cardiac dynamics, coronary vascular structure and function, and mechano-transduction signaling in mice harboring a thin-filament HCM mutation.

Methods: We studied postnatal days 7–28 (P7–P28) in transgenic (TG) TG-cTnT-R92Q and non-transgenic (NTG) mice using skinned fiber mechanics, echocardiography, biochemistry, histology, and immunohistochemistry.

Results: At P7, skinned myofiber bundles exhibited an increased Ca2+-sensitivity (pCa50 TG: 5.97 ± 0.04, NTG: 5.84 ± 0.01) resulting from cTnT-R92Q expression on a background of slow skeletal (fetal) troponin I and α/β myosin heavy chain isoform expression. Despite the transition to adult isoform expressions between P7–P14, the increased Ca2+- sensitivity persisted through P28 with no apparent differences in gross morphology among TG and NTG hearts. At P7 significant diastolic dysfunction was accompanied by coronary flow perturbation (mean diastolic velocity, TG: 222.5 ± 18.81 mm/s, NTG: 338.7 ± 28.07 mm/s) along with localized fibrosis (TG: 4.36% ± 0.44%, NTG: 2.53% ± 0.47%). Increased phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLN) was also evident indicating abnormalities in Ca2+ homeostasis. By P14 there was a decline in arteriolar cross-sectional area along with an expansion of fibrosis (TG: 9.72% ± 0.73%, NTG: 2.72% ± 0.2%). In comparing mechano-transduction signaling in the coronary arteries, we uncovered an increase in endothelial YAP expression with a decrease in its nuclear to cytosolic ratio at P14 in TG hearts, which was reversed by P28.

Conclusion: We conclude that those early mechanisms that presage hypertrophic remodeling in HCM include defective biophysical signals within the sarcomere that drive diastolic dysfunction, impacting coronary flow dynamics, defective arteriogenesis and fibrosis. Changes in mechano-transduction signaling between the different cellular compartments contribute to the pathogenesis of HCM.
The effects of circularly polarized light on mating behavior and gene expression in Anomala corpulenta (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Li Tong , Jiang Yueli , Yang Xiaofan , Li Huiling , Gong Zhongjun , Qin Yifan , Zhang Jing , Lu Ruijie , Wei Guoshu , Wu Yuqing , Lu Chuantao
Published: March 2023

Light is an important abiotic factor affecting insect behavior. In nature, linearly polarized light is common, but circularly polarized light is rare. Left circularly polarized (LCP) light is selectively reflected by the exocuticle of most scarab beetles, including Anomala corpulenta. Despite our previous research showing that this visual signal probably mediates their mating behavior, the way in which it does so is not well elucidated. In this study, we investigated how LCP light affects not only mating behavior but also gene expression in this species using RNA-seq. The results indicated that disruption of LCP light reflection by females of A. corpulenta probably affects the process by which males of A. corpulenta search for mates. Furthermore, the RNA-seq results showed that genes of the environmental signaling pathways and also of several insect reproduction-related amino acid metabolic pathways were differentially expressed in groups exposed and not exposed to LCP light. This implies that A. corpulenta reproduction is probably regulated by LCP light-induced stress. Herein, the results show that LCP light is probably perceived by males of the species, further mediating their mating behavior. However, this hypothesis needs future verification with additional samples.
Factors influencing teachers’ satisfaction and performance with online teaching in universities during the COVID-19
Authors: Du Wenbin , Liang Ruoyu , Zhang Jing , Wang Lei
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the teaching model, promoting educational institutions to initiate more explorations in online teaching. This study examines the factors influencing teachers’ online teaching performance and satisfaction in universities during the COVID-19. We applied a model of technology acceptance (TAM), expectation confirmation (ECM), and computer self-efficacy (CSE) to develop a questionnaire. The survey was used to collect data from 347 teachers from 6 universities in eastern China to identify factors affecting teachers’ performance and satisfaction during the COVID-19. The results indicated that teachers’ performance of online teaching is significantly affected by satisfaction, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use of online teaching. Meanwhile, confirmation of online teaching expectations and computer self-efficacy significantly impacted teachers’ satisfaction with online teaching. This work is an original empirical study guided by multiple theories. It contributes to the online education literature and provides advice regarding how teachers’ online teaching satisfaction and performance can be developed in a situation like the one that occurred with COVID-19. This work also broadens the application of TAM and provides an alternative theoretical framework for future research on teachers’ online teaching performance.
The relationship between exercise motivation and exercise behavior in college students: The chain-mediated role of exercise climate and exercise self-efficacy
Authors: Zhao Yu Shun , Ma Qi Shuai , Li Xing Yi , Guo Ke Lei , Chao Liu
Published: March 2023

Objective

This study explored the relationship between college students’ physical activity motivation and exercise behavior and constructed a chain mediation model through the mediating roles of exercise climate and exercise self-efficacy.

Methods

By random sampling, 1,032 college students were investigated using the Exercise Motivation Scale, Physical Exercise Rating Scale, Exercise Climate Scale, and Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale.

Results

(1) There was a huge positive correlation between exercise motivation and exercise behavior (r = 0.240, p < 0.01), and the immediate ways of linking exercise motivation to exercise behavior were critical (β = 0.068, t = 0.040, p < 0.01). (2) Exercise motivation could positively predict exercise climate (β = 0.373, t = 0.061, p < 0.01) and exercise self-efficacy (β = 0.174, t = 0.039, p < 0.01), and exercise climate could emphatically foresee exercise behavior (β = 0.302, t = 0.051, p < 0.01). Exercise self-efficacy could foresee exercise behavior decidedly (β = 0.190, t = 0.048, p < 0.01). (3) Exercise climate and exercise self-efficacy play a critical intervening role between exercise motivation and exercise behavior. The intercession impact is explicitly made out of aberrant impacts created in three ways: exercise motivation → exercise climate → exercise behavior (mediating effect value: 0.113); exercise motivation → exercise self-efficacy → exercise behavior (mediating effect value: 0.033); exercise motivation → exercise climate → exercise self-efficacy → exercise behavior (mediating effect value: 0.027).

Conclusion

(1) Exercise climate, exercise self-efficacy, and exercise behavior can all be significantly predicted by exercise motivation, suggesting that exercise motivation may help to enhance these variables. (2) In addition to having a direct impact on exercise behavior, exercise motivation can also have an indirect impact through the separate mediating effects of exercise climate and exercise self-efficacy as well as the chain mediating effect of exercise climate and exercise self-efficacy, which is crucial for encouraging college students to engage in physical activity.
Similar effect of running on visual and auditory time perception in the ranges of milliseconds and seconds
Authors: Petrizzo Irene , Chelli Eleonora , Bartolini Tommaso , Arrighi Roberto , Anobile Giovanni
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The ability to accurately encode events’ duration is of critical importance for almost all everyday activities, yet numerous factors have been reported to robustly distort time perception. One of these is physical activity (i.e., running, walking) but, partly due to the variety of methodologies employed, a full comprehension of the role of exercise on the encoding of time has still to be achieved.

Methods

Here we tackle the issue with a multifaceted approach by measuring the effect of vigorous running with a time generalization task for visual and auditory stimuli in the range of milliseconds (0.2–0.8 s) as well as seconds (1–4 s). At baseline, participants performed both the encoding and decoding at rest while in the experimental conditions the decoding was performed while running.

Results

Our results indicate that physical activity in both duration ranges (sub-second and seconds) was expanded during running regardless of the sensory modality used to present the stimuli. Despite this generalized effect of running on perceived duration, we found evidence for the existence of independent timing mechanisms: (1) the perceptual biases induced by running in the two temporal regimes were uncorrelated, (2) sensory precision levels (Weber fraction) were higher for stimuli in the seconds range, (3) sensory precision levels were higher for auditory than for visual stimuli, but only within the sub-second range.

Discussion

Overall, our results support previous findings suggesting (at least partially) separate timing mechanisms for short/long durations and for visual and auditory stimuli. However, they also indicate that physical activity affects all these temporal modules, suggesting a generalized interaction—via generalized and shared resources—between the motor system and the brain time mechanisms.
Clinical effectiveness of training for awareness, resilience, and action for adolescents and young adults with depression: The pilot phase of a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ekbäck Erik , Rådmark Lina , Granåsen Gabriel , Svärling Rachel , Sörlin Matilda , Schönbeck Caspar , Henje Eva
Published: March 2023

Background

Depression is a top-ranking global health concern increasing in magnitude. Available treatments for adolescents and young adults are not convincingly effective and relapse rates remain high. Training for Awareness, Resilience and Action (TARA) is a group treatment program targeting specific pathophysiological mechanisms of depression in young people. TARA is feasible, acceptable, preliminarily efficacious in depressed American adolescents, and it affects postulated brain-circuitry.

Methods

As an initial step of a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) we performed a single-arm multicenter pilot-study on TARA. Thirty-five depressed individuals (15–21 years old, 28 females) received TARA for 12 weeks face-to-face or online. Data was collected before (T0), during, and after the intervention (T1). The trial was pre-registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT Registration: identifier [NCT04747340]. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, attendance rates, and session ratings. Adverse events were recorded weekly and extracted from medical records at the end of the trial. Primary effectiveness outcome was self-rated depression severity on Reynolds Adolescent Depression scale 2nd ed. at T1. Secondary outcomes were Children’s Depression Rating Scale-revised (CDRS-R) and Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) at T1.

Results

TARA was feasible and safe in the present trial. No significant RADS-2-change was seen (adjusted mean difference –3.26, 95 % CI –8.35 to 1.83; p= 0.20), however a significant decrease in CDRS-R scores is reported (adjusted mean difference –9.99, 95% CI –14.76 to –5.22; p < 0.001). MASC-scores did not change significantly (adjusted mean difference 1.98, 95% CI –0.96 to 4.91; p=0.18). Additional feasibility aspects are presented and discussed.

Discussion

Limitations include substantial loss-to-follow-up, no randomization to control, and that some participants received concomitant treatment(s). The Coronavirus pandemic complicated both implementation and interpretation of the trial. In conclusion TARA was feasible and safe in depressed adolescents and young adults. Preliminary signs of effectiveness were seen. The initiated RCT will be important and worthwhile to conduct, and several improvements to the design are suggested based on the present results.

Clinical Trial Registration

clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04747340.
Inequalities in anemia among Peruvian children aged 6–59 months: A decomposition analysis
Authors: Al-kassab-Córdova Ali , Mendez-Guerra Carolina , Robles-Valcarcel Pamela , Iberico-Bellomo Luis , Alva Kenedy , Herrera-Añazco Percy , Benites-Zapata Vicente A.
Published: March 2023

Objective

To quantify the inequalities of anemia in Peruvian children aged 6–59 months and uncover its contributing factors.

Materials and methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the secondary data analysis of the 2021 Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Our sample included Peruvian children aged 6–59 months with complete data for the variables of interest. Anemia was defined as having a hemoglobin level of less than 11 g/dL, adjusted by altitude. Erreygers Concentration Index (ECI) and concentration curves were computed to estimate the socio-economic inequality in anemia among Peruvian children. Moreover, ECI was decomposed to figure out the contributing factors to the inequality of anemia and the residual variation.

Results

Nationwide, the prevalence of anemia in Peruvian children was 29.47%. We found a pro-poor inequality regarding anemia at the national level (ECI = −0.1848). The determinants included in the model explained 81.85% of the overall socio-economic inequality in anemia. The largest contribution to inequality was from household- and community-related factors. Having a higher mother’s education level (26.26%) and being from the highlands (24.91%) were the major significant contributors to the overall health inequality.

Conclusion

Almost one-third of Peruvian children have anemia. A pro-poor inequality of anemia in Peruvian children was found. Public policies ought to address the major contributing factors of anemia inequality.