bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triazole Fungicides Inhibit Zebrafish Hatching by Blocking the Secretory Function of Hatching Gland Cells
Authors: De la Paz Javiera , Beiza Natalia , Paredes-Zúñiga Susana , Hoare Misque , Allende Miguel
Published: April 2017

In animals, hatching represents the transition point from a developing embryo to a free-living individual, the larva. This process is finely regulated by many endogenous and environmental factors and has been shown to be sensitive to a variety of chemical agents. It is commonly evaluated in bioassays in order to establish the effects of different agents on early development and reproductive capabilities in fish and other aquatic animals. In fish, the breakdown of the chorion is achieved by the secretion of choriolysin by hatching gland cells (HGCs) into the perivitelline space (PVS), coupled with spontaneous movements of the developing larva. In this work, we used zebrafish to assay the effects of a family of widely used agrochemicals—triazoles Triadimefon (FON), Triadimenol (NOL) and free triazole (1,2,4-T)—on hatching success. We found a strong inhibition of hatching by triazole exposure which was correlated with morphological changes and a reduction in the secretory function of the HGCs. As a consequence, the release of choriolytic enzymes by HGCs was reduced. We also found that HGC secretion reduction after exposure to FON can be rescued by co-incubation with a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist but not by antagonists of the D1-like receptors. This suggests a specific pathway through which this family of fungicides may be impairing a critical event in the fish life cycle.
A New Chemical Pathway Yielding A-Type Vitisins in Red Wines
Authors: Araújo Paula , Fernandes Ana , De Freitas Victor , Oliveira Joana
Published: April 2017

A new chemical pathway yielding A-type vitisins in red wines is proposed herein from the reaction between anthocyanins and oxaloacetic acid (OAA). This new chemical path is thought to occur in the first stages of the wine production even during the fermentation process. This is due to the revealed high reactivity of OAA with anthocyanins compared with the already known precursor (pyruvic acid, PA). In model solutions at wine pH (3.5), when malvidin-3-O-glucoside (mv-3-glc) is in contact with OAA and PA a decrease in the OAA concentration is observed along with the formation of A-type vitisin. Moreover, part of the OAA is also chemically converted into PA in model solutions. The reaction yields were also determined for OAA and PA using different mv-3-glc:organic acid molar ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:5, 1:10; 1:50, and 1:100) and these values were always higher for OAA when compared to PA, even at the lowest molar ratio (1:0.5). The reaction yields were higher at pH 2.6 in comparison to pH 1.5 and 3.5, being less affected at pH 3.5 for OAA. These results support the idea that OAA can be at the origin of A-type vitisins in the first stages of wine production and PA in the subsequent ageing process.
Protein Kinases C-Mediated Regulations of Drug Transporter Activity, Localization and Expression
Authors: Mayati Abdullah , Moreau Amélie , Le Vée Marc , Stieger Bruno , Denizot Claire , Parmentier Yannick , Fardel Olivier
Published: April 2017

Drug transporters are now recognized as major actors in pharmacokinetics, involved notably in drug–drug interactions and drug adverse effects. Factors that govern their activity, localization and expression are therefore important to consider. In the present review, the implications of protein kinases C (PKCs) in transporter regulations are summarized and discussed. Both solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters can be regulated by PKCs-related signaling pathways. PKCs thus target activity, membrane localization and/or expression level of major influx and efflux drug transporters, in various normal and pathological types of cells and tissues, often in a PKC isoform-specific manner. PKCs are notably implicated in membrane insertion of bile acid transporters in liver and, in this way, are thought to contribute to cholestatic or choleretic effects of endogenous compounds or drugs. The exact clinical relevance of PKCs-related regulation of drug transporters in terms of drug resistance, pharmacokinetics, drug–drug interactions and drug toxicity remains however to be precisely determined. This issue is likely important to consider in the context of the development of new drugs targeting PKCs-mediated signaling pathways, for treating notably cancers, diabetes or psychiatric disorders.
Plasmonic Colour Filters Based on Coaxial Holes in Aluminium
Authors: Rajasekharan Unnithan Ranjith , Sun Miao , He Xin , Balaur Eugeniu , Minovich Alexander , Neshev Dragomir , Skafidas Efstratios , Roberts Ann
Published: April 2017

Aluminum is an alternative plasmonic material in the visible regions of the spectrum due to its attractive properties such as low cost, high natural abundance, ease of processing, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and liquid crystal display (LCD) compatibility. Here, we present plasmonic colour filters based on coaxial holes in aluminium that operate in the visible range. Using both computational and experimental methods, fine-tuning of resonance peaks through precise geometric control of the coaxial holes is demonstrated. These results will lay the basis for the development of filters in high-resolution liquid crystal displays, RGB-spatial light modulators, liquid crystal over silicon devices and novel displays.
Fluorescent Property of Chitosan Oligomer and Its Application as a Metal Ion Sensor
Authors: Lee Hun , Kim Min , Yoon Young , Park Won
Published: April 2017

An aqueous solution was successfully prepared using a low-molecular-weight chitosan oligomer and FITC, and its structural and fluorescent properties were observed by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, XRD, UV-Vis, and PL spectrometry. Its application as a metal ion sensor was also evaluated. The fluorescence in the water-soluble chitosan oligomer was a result of the carbamato anion (NHCOO-), and a synthesized FITC-labeled chitosan oligomer exhibited an effective detection effect for copper ion as well as energy transfer by the ion near FITC that caused a fluorescence decrease (quenching). The chitosan oligomer was confirmed to be applicable as a selective and sensitive colorimetric sensor to detect Cu2+.
Modeling and Identification of the Rate-Dependent Hysteresis of Piezoelectric Actuator Using a Modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii Model
Authors: Qin Yanding , Zhao Xin , Zhou Lu
Published: April 2017

Piezoelectric actuator (PEA) is an ideal microscale and nanoscale actuator because of its ultra-precision positioning resolution. However, the inherent hysteretic nonlinearity significantly degrades the PEA’s accuracy. The measured hysteresis of PEA exhibits strong rate-dependence and saturation phenomena, increasing the difficulty in the hysteresis modeling and identification. In this paper, a modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) hysteresis model is proposed. The weights of the backlash operators are updated according to the input rates so as to account for the rate-dependence property. Subsequently, the saturation property is realized by cascading a polynomial operator with only odd powers. In order to improve the efficiency of the parameter identification, a special control input consisting of a superimposition of multiple sinusoidal signals is utilized. Because the input rate of such a control input covers a wide range, all the parameters of the hysteresis model can be identified through only one set of experimental data, and no additional curve-fitting is required. The effectiveness of the hysteresis modeling and identification methodology is verified on a PEA-driven flexure mechanism. Experimental results show that the modeling accuracy is on the same order of the noise level of the overall system.
Dietary Metabolites and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hasegawa Sho , Jao Tzu-Ming , Inagi Reiko
Published: April 2017

Dietary contents and their metabolites are closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Advanced glycated end products (AGEs) are a type of uremic toxin produced by glycation. AGE accumulation is not only the result of elevated glucose levels or reduced renal clearance capacity, but it also promotes CKD progression. Indoxyl sulfate, another uremic toxin derived from amino acid metabolism, accumulates as CKD progresses and induces tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerular sclerosis. Specific types of amino acids (d-serine) or fatty acids (palmitate) are reported to be closely associated with CKD progression. Promising therapeutic targets associated with nutrition include uremic toxin absorbents and inhibitors of AGEs or the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Probiotics and prebiotics maintain gut flora balance and also prevent CKD progression by enhancing gut barriers and reducing uremic toxin formation. Nrf2 signaling not only ameliorates oxidative stress but also reduces elevated AGE levels. Bardoxolone methyl, an Nrf2 activator and NF-κB suppressor, has been tested as a therapeutic agent, but the phase 3 clinical trial was terminated owing to the high rate of cardiovascular events. However, a phase 2 trial has been initiated in Japan, and the preliminary analysis reveals promising results without an increase in cardiovascular events.
Are miRNA-103, miRNA-107 and miRNA-122 Involved in the Prevention of Liver Steatosis Induced by Resveratrol?
Authors: Gracia Ana , Fernández-Quintela Alfredo , Miranda Jonatan , Eseberri Itziar , González Marcela , Portillo María P.
Published: April 2017

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the reduction in liver fat previously observed in our laboratory in a cohort of rats which had been fed an obesogenic diet was mediated by changes in the expression of microRNA (miRNA)-103-3p, miRNA-107-3p and miRNA-122-5p, which represent 70% of total miRNAs in the liver, as well as in their target genes. The expression of the three analysed miRNAs was reduced in rats treated with resveratrol. A reduction in sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and an increase in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) were observed in resveratrol-treated rats. No changes were found in fatty acid synthase (FAS). In cultured hepatocytes, SREBP1 protein was increased after the transfection of each miRNA. FAS protein expression was decreased after the transfection of miRNA-122-5p, and CPT1a protein was down-regulated by the over-expression of miRNA-107-3p. This study provides new evidences which show that srebf1 is a target gene for miRNA-103-3p and miRNA-107-3p, fasn a target gene for miRNA-122-5p and cpt1a a target gene for miRNA-107-3p. Moreover, the reduction in liver steatosis induced by resveratrol in rats fed an obesegenic diet is mediated, at least in part, by the increase in CPT1a protein expression and activity, via a decrease in miRNA-107-3p expression.
Implications for a Wireless, External Device System to Study Electrocorticography
Authors: Rotermund David , Pistor Jonas , Hoeffmann Janpeter , Schellenberg Tim , Boll Dmitriy , Tolstosheeva Elena , Gauck Dieter , Stemmann Heiko , Peters-Drolshagen Dagmar , Kreiter Andreas , Schneider Martin , Paul Steffen , Lang Walter , Pawelzik Klaus
Published: April 2017

Implantable neuronal interfaces to the brain are an important keystone for future medical applications. However, entering this field of research is difficult since such an implant requires components from many different areas of technology. Since the complete avoidance of wires is important due to the risk of infections and other long-term problems, means for wirelessly transmitting data and energy are a necessity which adds to the requirements. In recent literature, many high-tech components for such implants are presented with remarkable properties. However, these components are typically not freely available for such a system. Every group needs to re-develop their own solution. This raises the question if it is possible to create a reusable design for an implant and its external base-station, such that it allows other groups to use it as a starting point. In this article, we try to answer this question by presenting a design based exclusively on commercial off-the-shelf components and studying the properties of the resulting system. Following this idea, we present a fully wireless neuronal implant for simultaneously measuring electrocorticography signals at 128 locations from the surface of the brain. All design files are available as open source.
L'histoire de la tourbière de la Réserve naturelle nationale du Marais de Lavours : ce que nous révèlent les macrorestes
Authors: Goubet Pierre , Darinot Fabrice
Published: April 2017

La Réserve naturelle du Marais de Lavours a fait l'objet d'une série d'actions de recherche dans le cadre du programme d'étude des tourbières Rhône alpines (2003-2005). Une de ces actions concernait l'analyse des macrorestes, réalisée par Jenny Schulz dans le cadre d'un post-doctorat encadrée par Ariette Laplace-Dolonde. Un profil macroreste de 9 m d'épaisseur avait été réalisé. Il est publié et interprété ici. Les faits les plus marquants sont : (1 ) la tenue pendant près de 6 000 ans et sur une épaisseur approchant 6,5 m d'une roselière où le phragmite est accompagné de fougère des marais, de diverses laîches, de marisque ; (2) le remplacement de cette roselière par une jonçaie à divers joncs du genre Juncus et à Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Palla, à une profondeur de 1,20 m et un âge estimé de 2 000 à 2 500 ans ; (3) la substitution de cette première jonçaie par une cariçaie à Care x paniculata L. qui disparaît à son tour pour voir apparaître une seconde jonçaie, de composition identique à la première. Si la roselière témoigne d'une végétation naturelle relativement stable pendant une longue période, les jonçaies semblent induites par des perturbations anthropiques agropastorales en deux temps, la première il y a 2 000 à 2 500 ans, la seconde postérieure à une forme de relâche agropastorale correspondant à la cariçaie à Carex paniculata
ANÁLISE DA AUTOMAÇÃO DE TERMINAIS PORTUÁRIOS DE CONTÊINERES
Authors: Moura Delmo Alves , Patrício Marcelo , Botter Rui Carlos
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho faz uma análise dos principais terminais portuários brasileiro, especialmente no porto de Santos, em São Paulo, relacionado com automação das operações portuárias na movimentação de contêineres. O trabalho foi realizado através de pesquisa em campo para levantamento da situação atual dos terminais em Santos visando descrever o grau de automação na movimentação, transbordo e armazenagem de contêineres. A pesquisa foi realizada através de um questionário em campo e se realizou uma revisão sobre o tema, assim como utilizou-se de benchmarking internacional para se ter parâmetro de automação portuária internacional. Buscou-se fazer uma varredura na literatura que aborda o tema para se fundamentar teoricamente. O artigo relata os principais itens para se levado em consideração no processo de automação de terminais portuários, tomando como referência a capacidade de transporte dos navios em TEUs (contêineres de vinte polegadas). A relação entre os tamanhos dos navios (capacidade de transporte) dos equipamentos encontrados nos terminais para realizar as operações de carregamento de descarregamento, com maior eficiência e eficácia operacional.
MÉTODO PARA APLICAR ENTREVISTAS EM PROFUNDIDADE: AVALIANDO CAUSAS DE BAIXO DESEMPENHO EM UM OPERADOR LOGÍSTICO
Authors: Dos Santos Gilberto Tavares , Filho Vicente Henrique de Oliveira , Royer Rogério , Porto Rosa Ariane Ferreira
Published: April 2017

Este artigo propõe um método para compreender a ocorrência de situações de natureza qualitativa. O método define três macroetapas com procedimentos para planejar, conduzir e tratar os dados coletados por meio de entrevistas em profundidade. Cada etapa é desdobrada em fases sequenciadas que subsidiam a formação de juízo a respeito de um assunto de interesse. Essa sequência descreve as falas de entrevistados, analisa e as interpreta, procurando captar nas falas obtidas pontos comuns de percepção que sirvam de referência para compreender certa situação e auxiliar a tomada de decisão. Para validar o método, aplica-se um estudo de caso realizado em uma empresa pública (operador logístico), onde, por aproximadamente 19 meses, o desempenho operacional manteve-se aquém do esperado em determinada região do Brasil, sem que se pudesse identificar os reais motivos que levaram a empresa a tal resultado. O estudo de caso permitiu entrevistar um grupo de oito empregados previamente escolhidos e levantar possíveis causas do baixo desempenho operacional sob um olhar sistematizado e objetivo. Como resultado, o método mostra-se exequível e de fácil aplicação para ser utilizado em situações semelhantes. O que reforça a sua aplicação é a possibilidade de conjugar ideias que possam desmistificar os níveis de achismo tão comumentemente verificados em ambientes administrativos que, por muitas vezes, preconceituam ações, processos e pessoas, direcionando a tomada de decisão para caminhos equivocados e não conectados à(s) causa(s) raiz do(s) problema(s).
Cost-effectiveness Analysis for Genotyping before Allopurinol Treatment to Prevent Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Ke Ching-Hua , Chung Wen-Hung , Wen Yen-Hsia , Huang Yaw-Bin , Chuang Hung-Yi , Tain You-Lin , Wang Yu-Ching Lily , Wu Cheng-Chih , Hsu Chien-Ning
Published: April 2017

Objective.

Patients with an HLA-B*58:01 allele have an increased risk of developing severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCAR) when treated with allopurinol. Although one-off pharmacogenetic testing may prevent life-threatening adverse drug reactions, testing prior to allopurinol initiation incurs additional costs. The study objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HLA-B*58:01 screening compared with using other available urate-lowering agents (ULA).

Methods.

A decision-analytical model was used to compare direct medical costs and effectiveness [including lifetime saved, quality-adjusted life-yrs (QALY) gained] in treating new patients with the following options: (1) genetic screening followed by allopurinol prescribing for noncarriers of HLA-B*58:01, (2) prescribing benzbromarone without screening, (3) prescribing febuxostat without screening, and (4) prescribing allopurinol without screening. A 1-year time frame and third-party payer perspective were modeled for both the entire cohort (base-case) and for the subgroup of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Results.

The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of genetic screening prior to ULA therapy was estimated as New Taiwan (NT) $234,610 (US$7508) per QALY gained in the base-case cohort. For patients with CKD, it was estimated as NT$230,925 (US$7390) per QALY. The study results were sensitive to the probability of benzbromarone/febuxostat-related hypersensitivity, and a negative predicted value of genotyping.

Conclusion.

HLA-B*58:01 screening gave good value for money in preventing allopurinol-induced SCAR in patients indicated for ULA therapy. In addition to the costs of genotyping, it is important to monitor ULA safety closely in adopting HLA-B*58:01 screening in practice.
Validation of a Knowledge Transfer Tool for the Knee Inflammation MRI Scoring System for Bone Marrow Lesions According to the OMERACT Filter: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Jaremko Jacob L. , Azmat Omar , Lambert Robert G. , Bird Paul , Haugen Ida K. , Jans Lennart , Weber Ulrich , Winn Naomi , Zubler Veronika , Maksymowych Walter P.
Published: April 2017

Objective.

To assess feasibility and reliability of scoring bone marrow lesions (BML) on knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in osteoarthritis using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Knee Inflammation MRI Scoring System (KIMRISS), with a Web-based interface and online training with real-time iterative calibration.

Methods.

Six readers new to the KIMRISS (3 radiologists, 3 rheumatologists) scored sagittal T2-weighted fat-saturated MRI in 20 subjects randomly selected from the Osteoarthritis Initiative data, at baseline and 1-year followup. In the KIMRISS, the reader moves a transparent overlay grid within a Web-based interface to fit bones, then clicks or touches each region containing BML per slice, to score 1 if BML is present. Regional and total scores are automatically calculated. Outcomes include the interreader intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and the smallest detectable change (SDC).

Results.

Scoring took 3–12 min per scan and all readers rated the process as moderately to very user friendly. Despite a low BML burden (average score 2.8% of maximum possible) and small changes, interobserver reliability was moderate to high for BML status and change in the femur and tibia (ICC 0.78–0.88). Four readers also scored the patella reliably, whereas 2 readers were outliers, likely because of image artifacts. SDC of 1.5–5.6 represented 0.7% of the maximum possible score.

Conclusion.

We confirmed feasibility of knee BML scoring by new readers using interactive training and a Web-based touch-sensitive overlay system, finding high reliability and sensitivity to change. Further work will include adjustments to training materials regarding patellar scoring, and study in therapeutic trial datasets with higher burden of BML and larger changes.
Decreased Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in Recent Years: Dawn of a New Era in Cardiovascular Disease in RA?
Authors: Myasoedova Elena , Gabriel Sherine E. , Matteson Eric L. , Davis John M. , Therneau Terry M. , Crowson Cynthia S.
Published: April 2017

Objective.

To assess trends in cardiovascular (CV) mortality in patients with incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 2000–07 versus the previous decades, compared with non-RA subjects.

Methods.

The study population consisted of Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA residents with incident RA (age ≥ 18 yrs, 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria was met in 1980–2007) and non-RA subjects from the same underlying population with similar age, sex, and calendar year of index. All subjects were followed until death, migration, or December 31, 2014. Followup was truncated for comparability. Aalen-Johansen methods were used to estimate CV mortality rates, adjusting for competing risk of other causes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare CV mortality by decade.

Results.

The study included 813 patients with RA and 813 non-RA subjects (mean age 55.9 yrs; 68% women for both groups). Patients with incident RA in 2000–07 had markedly lower 10-year overall CV mortality (2.7%, 95% CI 0.6–4.9%) and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (1.1%, 95% CI 0.0–2.7%) than patients diagnosed in 1990–99 (7.1%, 95% CI 3.9–10.1% and 4.5%, 95% CI 1.9–7.1%, respectively; HR for overall CV death: 0.43, 95% CI 0.19–0.94; CHD death: HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.95). This improvement in CV mortality persisted after accounting for CV risk factors. Ten-year overall CV mortality and CHD mortality in 2000–07 RA incidence cohort was similar to non-RA subjects (p = 0.95 and p = 0.79, respectively).

Conclusion.

Our findings suggest significantly improved overall CV mortality, particularly CHD mortality, in patients with RA in recent years. Further studies are needed to examine the reasons for this improvement.
Developing a Core Set of Outcome Measures for Behçet Disease: Report from OMERACT 2016
Authors: Hatemi Gulen , Meara Alexa , Ozguler Yesim , Direskeneli Haner , Mahr Alfred , Easley Ebony , Gurcan Mert , Davis Trocon , Gul Ahmet , Yazici Yusuf , Zottenberg Katelyn , Esatoglu Sinem Nihal , Erer Burak , Kamali Sevil , Yazici Hasan , Cronholm Peter F. , Merkel Peter A.
Published: April 2017

Objective.

The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Vasculitis Working Group has been working toward developing a data-driven core set of outcome measures for use in clinical trials of Behçet’s syndrome [Behçet disease (BD)]. This paper summarizes the group’s work through OMERACT 2016, discussions during the meeting, and the future research agenda.

Methods.

Qualitative patient interviews were conducted among 20 patients with BD who have different types of organ involvement. A 3-round Delphi among BD experts and patients was initiated to identify domains, subdomains, and outcomes to be assessed in clinical trials of BD. The results of these studies were discussed during OMERACT 2016 and next steps were planned.

Results.

Patients’ perspectives and priorities were identified through qualitative interviews that identified candidate domains and subdomains for inclusion in the Delphi and characterized some shortcomings of the currently used patient-reported outcomes in BD. The first round of the Delphi was completed and several domains or subdomains were endorsed by the experts and/or the patients. Because many more items were endorsed than would be feasible to assess during a clinical trial, rating and ranking of items by physicians and patients was planned as a next critical step. The challenges of assessing specific organ system involvement was also discussed.

Conclusion.

The OMERACT Behçet Syndrome Working Group research program will identify core domains for assessment in BD with the goal of developing a core set of outcome measures for use in all trials of BD with the option to incorporate additional outcomes for specific organ involvement.
Une intervention précoce, individualisée et centrée sur la famille : le programme NIDCAP
Authors: Sizun Jacques , Olivard Isabelle , Ratynski Nathalie
Published: April 2017

Le NIDCAP est un programme d’intervention précoce centrée sur la famille et individualisé. Ce programme est basé sur les données des neurosciences, en particulier l’influence de l’environnement sur la synaptogénèse, le modèle théorique de l’attachement et sur les bases éthologiques du développement humain. Le NIDCAP repose sur des observations systématiques et régulières du comportement du nouveau-né prématuré. Les données ainsi recueillies permettent d’élaborer en collaboration avec les parents et les soignants des recommandations concernant le couchage, l’environnement physique, le rôle et le soutien des parents et la réalisation des soins. L’impact du NIDCAP a été évalué par de nombreux essais randomisés. Un bénéfice sur la durée de séjour et le développement neurocomportemental a été scientifiquement mesuré.
De la métaphore au cœur même du langage dans la psychothérapie familiale systémique
Authors: Antoine Baptiste
Published: April 2017

Les courants systémiques du constructionnisme social et du constructivisme ont considérablement enrichi le questionnement des places des langages en psychothérapie. Il s’avère primordial que thérapeutes et clients aillent au-delà du langage purement digital, par exemple par le truchement des objets flottants comme les sculptures et le conte systémique ou encore par le biais de la métaphore et des outils multiples qui en dérivent. En m’appuyant sur une vignette clinique, j’illustre plus particulièrement, à l’interstice des langages digital et analogique, la métaphore au cœur même du langage dans la psychothérapie familiale systémique vue comme un processus coconstruit de reconnaissance .
Le lien conjugal à l’épreuve de la maladie d’Alzheimer
Authors: Pria Veillon Hélène
Published: April 2017

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude exploratoire qualitative portant sur les modalités de réaménagement du lien conjugal lorsque l’un des membres du couple est atteint d’une maladie d’Alzheimer ou d’une démence apparentée et est placé en institution. L’analyse s’appuie sur le concept de « perte ambiguë » (Boss, 2002), l’approche systémique du fonctionnement du couple (Caillé, 2004) et le concept de « loyauté » (Boszormenyi-Nagy, 1973). Cette étude suggère des premières pistes de réflexion pour mettre en place un accompagnement des conjoints valides pour les aider à revisiter leur modèle de couple et à s’engager dans un processus de reconstruction identitaire leur permettant d’accepter la perte ambiguë de leur partenaire dément et placé en institution.
Les familles portugaises, victimes de la crise économique, migrantes en Suisse
Authors: Ferreira Pereira Ana Luisa
Published: April 2017

Les hommes se déplacent, d’un pays à un autre, ou d’une région à une autre, en quête, pour la majorité, de meilleures conditions de vie. Cela implique déchirement, rupture des liens d’appartenance avec le monde connu. En situation de migration, l’identité propre et l’identité sociale sont questionnées. Le travail thérapeutique en systémique consiste à comprendre l’homme et ses systèmes. Le thérapeute systémicien étant, bien souvent dans cette relation, confronté lui-même à ses propres liens d’appartenance et à ses résonances.
Distal Humeral Hemiarthroplasty Versus Total Elbow Arthroplasty for Acute Distal Humeral Fractures
Authors: Rangarajan Rajesh , Papandrea Rick F. , Cil Akin
Published: April 2017

For acute distal humeral fractures not amenable to open reduction and internal fixation, total elbow arthroplasty has become an established alternative. However, lifelong activity restrictions designed to prevent early mechanical failure make this a poor option for some patients. This has led to a renewed interest in distal humeral hemiarthroplasty. Using modern implants and techniques, distal humeral hemiarthroplasty has shown outcomes comparable to those of total elbow arthroplasty at short- to mid-term follow-up, with an overall higher but different complication rate. Long-term data are needed, but the available literature suggests that distal humeral hemiarthroplasty be considered as another option on the treatment spectrum in select patient populations. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):13–23.]
Passive Leg-Raising and Prediction of Fluid Responsiveness: Systematic Review
Authors: Pickett Joya D. , Bridges Elizabeth , Kritek Patricia A. , Whitney JoAnne D.
Published: April 2017

Fluid boluses are often administered with the aim of improving tissue hypoperfusion in shock. However, only approximately 50% of patients respond to fluid administration with a clinically significant increase in stroke volume. Fluid overload can exacerbate pulmonary edema, precipitate respiratory failure, and prolong mechanical ventilation. Therefore, it is important to predict which hemodynamically unstable patients will increase their stroke volume in response to fluid administration, thereby avoiding deleterious effects. Passive leg-raising (lowering the head and upper torso from a 45° angle to lying supine [flat] while simultaneously raising the legs to a 45° angle) is a transient, reversible autotransfusion that simulates a fluid bolus and is performed to predict a response to fluid administration. The article reviews the accuracy, physiological effects, and factors affecting the response to passive-leg raising to predict fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients.
Advancements in Pacemaker Technology: The Leadless Device
Authors: Leier Mary
Published: April 2017

Leadless pacemakers will most likely be the future of cardiac pacing. Leadless pacing employs a single-chamber system to pace only the right ventricle and is fully self-contained, which eliminates the need for leads. These systems, implanted by using a transcatheter sheath, are indicated for patients who need right ventricular pacing only. These devices enable patients to avoid lead-related complications, from lead fracture to extraction challenges, as well as pocket-related complications such as infection and disfigurement. Leadless pacemakers also are compatible with magnetic resonance imaging and do not require surgical placement, so patients avoid postoperative mobility restrictions. Because this technology will be increasingly used for cardiac internal electronic devices, commonly seen in critical care nursing, nurses must be knowledgeable about the indications for use of a wireless pacemaker, the implantation procedure, postprocedural care, device interrogation, and follow-up. This article discusses leadless pacemakers, clinical indications for their use, key similarities and differences between the current devices being used, key points for nursing care of patients with a leadless device, and the future of this technology.
Complications of Peripheral Venous Access Devices: Prevention, Detection, and Recovery Strategies
Authors: Mattox Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2017

Most hospitalized patients have placement of a peripheral venous access device, either a short peripheral catheter or a peripherally inserted central catheter. Compared with central venous catheters that are not peripherally inserted, the other 2 types are generally perceived by health care providers as safer and less complicated to manage, and less emphasis is placed on the prevention and management of complications. Expertise of nurses in inserting, managing, and removing these devices may reduce the likelihood of complications, and increased recognition of complications associated with use of the devices is important to ensure continued improvements in the safety, quality, and efficiency of health care. Complications associated with short peripheral catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters include tourniquet retention, tubing and catheter misconnections, phlebitis, air embolism, device fragment embolization, and inadvertent discharge with a retained peripheral venous access device. Integration of prevention, detection, and recovery strategies into personal nursing practice promotes the quality and safety of health care delivery.
Consequences of Transfusing Blood Components in Patients With Trauma: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Jones Allison R. , Frazier Susan K.
Published: April 2017

Transfusion of blood components is often required in resuscitation of patients with major trauma. Packed red blood cells and platelets break down and undergo chemical changes during storage (known as the storage lesion) that lead to an inflammatory response once the blood components are transfused to patients. Although some evidence supports a detrimental association between transfusion and a patient’s outcome, the mechanisms connecting transfusion of stored components to outcomes remain unclear. The purpose of this review is to provide critical care nurses with a conceptual model to facilitate understanding of the relationship between the storage lesion and patients’ outcomes after trauma; outcomes related to trauma, hemorrhage, and blood component transfusion are grouped according to those occurring in the short-term (≤30 days) and the long-term (>30 days). Complete understanding of these clinical implications is critical for practitioners in evaluating and treating patients given transfusions after traumatic injury.
Access to Continuing Education for Critical Care Nurses in Rural or Remote Settings
Authors: Hendrickx Lori , Winters Charlene
Published: April 2017

Caring for the critically ill does not occur solely in large medical centers or urban areas. Nurses practicing in rural or remote settings practice as nurse generalists, caring for a wide range of patients, including those needing critical care. As a nurse generalist, the need for a wide variety of skill sets challenges nurses in rural areas to maintain current practice through continuing education across many content areas. They also may not come in contact with critically ill patients or emergent situations as often as their urban counterparts, which can make remaining comfortable with more advanced skills difficult. Because nurses working in rural or remote areas may care for critically ill patients less often, the need to remain vigilant in pursuit of continuing education is increased; however, access to continuing education can be problematic because of geographic isolation, difficulty getting time off from work, limited financial resources, and perceived lack of applicable topics. With advances in technology, critical care nurses working in rural areas have more options for continuing education, which is crucial for maintaining a skilled nursing workforce in rural health care facilities. This article addresses challenges critical care nurses working in remote or rural areas face in pursuing continuing education and provides information about available educational opportunities.
Hydrogen Peroxide Triggers a Dual Signaling Axis To Selectively Suppress Activated Human T Lymphocyte Migration
Authors: Ball Jennifer A. , Vlisidou Isabella , Blunt Matthew D. , Wood Will , Ward Stephen G.
Published: April 2017

H2O2 is an early danger cue required for innate immune cell recruitment to wounds. To date, little is known about whether H2O2 is required for the migration of human adaptive immune cells to sites of inflammation. However, oxidative stress is known to impair T cell activity, induce actin stiffness, and inhibit cell polarization. In this study, we show that low oxidative concentrations of H2O2 also impede chemokinesis and chemotaxis of previously activated human T cells to CXCL11, but not CXCL10 or CXCL12. We show that this deficiency in migration is due to a reduction in inflammatory chemokine receptor CXCR3 surface expression and cellular activation of lipid phosphatase SHIP-1. We demonstrate that H2O2 acts through an Src kinase to activate a negative regulator of PI3K signaling, SHIP-1 via phosphorylation, providing a molecular mechanism for H2O2-induced chemotaxis deficiency. We hypothesize that although H2O2 serves as an early recruitment trigger for innate immune cells, it appears to operate as an inhibitor of T lymphocyte immune adaptive responses that are not required until later in the repair process.
IFN Regulatory Factor 3 Potentiates Emphysematous Aggravation by Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Ishii Takashi , Hosoki Keisuke , Nikura Yuichi , Yamashita Naohide , Nagase Takahide , Yamashita Naomi
Published: April 2017

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often induced by infection and often has a poor prognosis. Bacterial LPS activates innate immune receptor TLR4 followed by activation of a transcriptional factor IFN regulatory factor-3 (IRF3) as well as NF-κB, resulting in upregulation of various inflammatory mediators. To clarify the role of IRF3 in the pathogenesis of LPS-triggered COPD exacerbation, porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) followed by LPS was administered intranasally to wild-type (WT) or IRF3−/− male mice. Sequential quantitative changes in emphysema were evaluated by microcomputed tomography, and lung histology was evaluated at the sixth week. WT mice treated with PPE and LPS exhibited enlarged alveolar spaces, whereas this feature was attenuated in similarly treated IRF3−/− mice. Moreover, LPS-induced emphysema aggravation was detected only in WT mice. Analysis of acute inflammation induced by PPE plus LPS revealed that the lungs of treated IRF3−/− mice had decreased mRNA transcripts for MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, and IFN-γ–inducible protein-10 but had increased neutrophils. IRF3 was involved in the production of mediators from macrophages, alveolar epithelial cells, and neutrophils. Furthermore, compared with isolated WT neutrophils from inflamed lung, those of IRF3−/− neutrophils exhibited impaired autophagic activation, phagocytosis, and apoptosis. These results suggest that IRF3 accelerated emphysema formation based on distinct profiles of mediators involved in LPS-induced COPD exacerbation. Regulation of the IRF3 pathway can affect multiple cell types and contribute to ameliorate pathogenesis of infection-triggered exacerbation of COPD.
Invariant NKT Cell Activation Is Potentiated by Homotypic trans-Ly108 Interactions
Authors: Baglaenko Yuriy , Cruz Tleugabulova Mayra , Gracey Eric , Talaei Nafiseh , Manion Kieran Patricia , Chang Nan-Hua , Ferri Dario Michael , Mallevaey Thierry , Wither Joan E.
Published: April 2017

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are innate lymphocytes that respond to glycolipids presented by the MHC class Ib molecule CD1d and are rapidly activated to produce large quantities of cytokines and chemokines. iNKT cell development uniquely depends on interactions between double-positive thymocytes that provide key homotypic interactions between signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family members. However, the role of SLAM receptors in the differentiation of iNKT cell effector subsets and activation has not been explored. In this article, we show that C57BL/6 mice containing the New Zealand Black Slam locus have profound alterations in Ly108, CD150, and Ly9 expression that is associated with iNKT cell hyporesponsiveness. This loss of function was only apparent when dendritic cells and iNKT cells had a loss of SLAM receptor expression. Using small interfering RNA knockdowns and peptide-blocking strategies, we demonstrated that trans-Ly108 interactions between dendritic cells and iNKT cells are critical for robust activation. LY108 costimulation similarly increased human iNKT cell activation. Thus, in addition to its established role in iNKT cell ontogeny, Ly108 regulates iNKT cell function in mice and humans.
Nonspecific DNA Binding of cGAS N Terminus Promotes cGAS Activation
Authors: Tao Jianli , Zhang Xiao-Wei , Jin Jianshi , Du Xiao-Xia , Lian Tengfei , Yang Jing , Zhou Xiang , Jiang Zhengfan , Su Xiao-Dong
Published: April 2017

The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) mediates innate immune responses against invading pathogens, or against self-dsDNA, which causes autoimmune disorders. Upon nonspecific binding of cytosolic B–form DNA, cGAS synthesizes the second messenger 2′3′-cGAMP and triggers STING-dependent signaling to produce type I IFNs. The cGAS comprises less-conserved N-terminal residues and highly conserved nucleotidyltransferase/Mab21 domains. The function and structure of the well-conserved domains have been extensively studied, whereas the physiological function of the N-terminal domain of cGAS is largely uncharacterized. In this study we used a single-molecule technique combined with traditional biochemical and cellular assays to demonstrate that binding of nonspecific dsDNA by the N-terminal domain of cGAS promotes its activation. We have observed that the N terminus of human cGAS (hcGAS-N160) undergoes secondary structural change upon dsDNA binding in solution. Furthermore, we showed that the hcGAS-N160 helps full length hcGAS to expand the binding range on λDNA and facilitates its binding efficiency to dsDNA compared with hcGAS without the 160 N-terminal residues (hcGAS-d160). More importantly, hcGAS-N160 endows full length hcGAS relatively higher enzyme activity and stronger activation of STING/IRF3-mediated cytosolic DNA signaling. These findings strongly indicate that the N-terminal domain of cGAS plays an important role in enhancing its function.
Varied Role of Ubiquitylation in Generating MHC Class I Peptide Ligands
Authors: Wei Jiajie , Zanker Damien , Di Carluccio Anthony R. , Smelkinson Margery G. , Takeda Kazuyo , Seedhom Mina O. , Dersh Devin , Gibbs James S. , Yang Ning , Jadhav Ajit , Chen Weisan , Yewdell Jonathan W.
Published: April 2017

CD8+ T cell immunosurveillance is based on recognizing oligopeptides presented by MHC class I molecules. Despite decades of study, the importance of protein ubiquitylation to peptide generation remains uncertain. In this study, we examined the ability of MLN7243, a recently described ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 inhibitor, to block overall cytosolic peptide generation and generation of specific peptides from vaccinia- and influenza A virus–encoded proteins. We show that MLN7243 rapidly inhibits ubiquitylation in a variety of cell lines and can profoundly reduce the generation of cytosolic peptides. Kinetic analysis of specific peptide generation reveals that ubiquitylation of defective ribosomal products is rate limiting in generating class I peptide complexes. More generally, our findings demonstrate that the requirement for ubiquitylation in MHC class I–restricted Ag processing varies with class I allomorph, cell type, source protein, and peptide context. Thus, ubiquitin-dependent and -independent pathways robustly contribute to MHC class I–based immunosurveillance.
Evaluation of the SD Bioline TB Ag MPT64 test for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from liquid cultures in Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Orikiriza Patrick , Nyehangane Dan , Atwine Daniel , Kisakye John J. , Kassaza Kennedy , Amumpaire Juliet-Mwanga , Boum II Yap
Published: April 2017

Background: To confirm presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, some tuberculosis culture laboratories still rely on para-nitrobenzoic acid (PNB), a traditional technique that requires sub-culturing of clinical isolates and two to three weeks to give results. Rapid identification tests have improved turnaround times for mycobacterial culture results. Considering the challenges of the PNB method, we assessed the performance of the SD Bioline TB Ag MPT64 assay by using PNB as gold standard to detect M. tuberculosis complex from acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positive cultures.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity and turnaround time of the SD MPT64 assay for identification of M. tuberculosis complex, in a setting with high prevalence of tuberculosis and HIV.Methods: A convenience sample of 690 patients, with tuberculosis symptoms, was enrolled at Epicentre Mbarara Research Centre between April 2010 and June 2011. The samples were decontaminated using NALC-NaOH and re-suspended sediments inoculated in Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tubes (MGIT) media, then incubated at 37 °C for a maximum of eight weeks. A random sample of 50 known negative cultures and 50 non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolates were tested for specificity, while sensitivity was based on AFB positivity. The time required from positive culture to reporting of results was also assessed with PNB used as the gold standard.Results: Of the 138 cultures that were AFB-positive, the sensitivity of the SD MPT64 assay was 100.0% [95% CI: 97.3 – 100] and specificity was 100.0% (95% CI, 96.4 – 100). The median time from a specimen receipt to confirmation of strain was 10 days [IQR: 8–12] with SD MPT64 and 24 days [IQR: 22–26] with PNB.Conclusion: The SD MPT64 assay is comparable to PNB for identification of M. tuberculosis complex and reduces the time to detection.
Tuberculosis diagnostic technology: an African solution … think rats
Authors: Mulder Christiaan , Mgode Georgies , Reid Stewart E.
Published: April 2017

No abstract available.
Rolling out Xpert MTB/RIF® for tuberculosis detection in HIV-positive populations: An opportunity for systems strengthening
Authors: Pathmanathan Ishani , Date Anand , Coggin William L. , Nkengasong John , Piatek Amy S. , Alexander Heather
Published: April 2017

Background: To eliminate preventable deaths, disease and suffering due to tuberculosis ,improved diagnostic capacity is critical. The Cepheid Xpert MTB/RIF® assay is recommended by the World Health Organization as the initial diagnostic test for people with suspected HIV associatedtuberculosis. However, despite high expectations, its scale-up in real-world settings has faced challenges, often due to the systems that support it.Opportunities for System Strengthening: In this commentary, we discuss needs and opportunities for systems strengthening to support widespread scale-up of Xpert MTB/RIF as they relate to each step within the tuberculosis diagnostic cascade, from finding presumptive patients, to collecting, transporting and testing sputum specimens, to reporting and receiving results, to initiating and monitoring treatment and, ultimately, to ensuring successful and timely treatment and cure. Investments in evidence-based interventions at each step along the cascade and within the system as a whole will augment not only the utility of Xpert MTB/RIF, but also the successful implementation of future diagnostic tests.Conclusion: Xpert MTB/RIF will only improve patient outcomes if optimally implemented within the context of strong tuberculosis programmes and systems. Roll-out of this technology to people living with HIV and others in resource-limited settings offers the opportunity to leverage current tuberculosis and HIV laboratory, diagnostic and programmatic investments, while also addressing challenges and strengthening coordination between laboratory systems, laboratory-programme interfaces, and tuberculosis-HIV programme interfaces. If successful, the benefits of this tool could extend beyond progress toward global End TB Strategy goals, to improve system-wide capacity for global disease detection and control.