bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
'Real-life' benefit of hearing preservation cochlear implantation in the paediatric population: a single-site case–control study
Authors: Bruce Iain , Schaefer Simone , Kluk Karolina , Nichani Jaya , Odriscoll Martin , Rajai Azita , Sladen Mark
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Cochlear implantation with hearing preservation (HPCI) has allowed a cochlear implant (CI) electrode to be implanted while trying to preserve residual acoustic low-frequency hearing. The concept arises from the importance of this low-frequency information and the limitations of a CI in several auditory domains. The combination of electrical hearing with either preserved acoustic hearing or amplified ‘natural’ hearing has the potential to address these issues and enable children with HPCI to closely follow normal auditory development.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the ‘real-life’ benefit of preserved acoustic low-frequency hearing in children with a CI, understand the benefits of preserved natural hearing in complex listening situations and so enable parents and children to make an informed choice about implantation. Ultimately, helping to ensure the maximum number of children benefit from this life-changing intervention.

Methods and analysis

Nineteen ears in children and young people aged 6–17 years old with ‘successful’ HPCI will be subjected to a test battery consisting of: (1) spatial release from masking; (2) complex pitch direction discrimination; (3) melodic identification; (4) perception of prosodic features in speech and (5) threshold equalising noise test. Subjects will be tested in the electro-acoustic stimulation (EAS)/electro-natural stimulation (ENS) and the electric-only (ES) condition, thereby acting as their own control group. Standard demographic and hearing health information will be collected. In the absence of comparable published data to power the study, sample size was determined on pragmatic grounds. Tests are exploratory and for hypothesis-generating purposes. Therefore, the standard criterion of p<0.05 will be used.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Health Research Authority and NHS Research Ethics Committee (REC) within the UK (22/EM/0017). Industry funding was secured via a competitive researcher-led grant application process. Trial results will be subject to publication according to the definition of the outcome presented in this protocol.
Quality of life between home-based and outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in patients after surgical resection for lung cancer: protocol for a prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang Jiao , Li Ran , Chang Junke , Wang Yan , Lai Yutian , Dong Yingxian , Che Guowei
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Lung cancer remains a highly fatal disease. Surgical resection has been proven to be the most effective treatment for early-stage lung cancer. The conventional hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is shown to reduce symptoms, improve exercise capacity and impact the quality of life (QoL) for lung cancer patients. To date, scientific evidence on the effectiveness of home-based PR for patients with lung cancer following surgery is scarce. We aim to explore if home-based PR is non-inferior to outpatient PR for patients with lung cancer following surgical resection.

Methods and analysis

This study is a two-arm, parallel-group, assessor-blind, single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Participants will be recruited from West China Hospital, Sichuan University and randomly allocated to either an outpatient group or a home-based group at a ratio of 1:1. The PR programme involves self-management and exercises. The exercise includes warm-up (10 min), aerobic training (20 min), resistance training (15 min) and cool-down (10 min), lasting 4 weeks, with two sessions per week either at home or in the outpatient setting. The intensity will be adjusted according to the modified Borg rating of perceived exertion and heart rate before and after each exercise session. The primary outcome is QoL measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 & LC 13 after an intervention. Secondary outcomes include physical fitness measured by a 6 min walk test and stair-climbing test and symptom severity measured by patient-reported questionnaires and pulmonary function. The main hypothesis is that home-based PR is non-inferior to outpatient PR for patients with lung cancer following surgical resection.

Ethics and dissemination

The trial has been approved by the Ethical Committee of West China Hospital and is also registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2100053714.
Assessment of bone-targeting agents use in patients with bone metastasis from breast, lung or prostate cancer using structured and unstructured electronic health records from a regional UK-based hospital
Authors: Seesaghur Anouchka , Egger Peter , Warden Joshua , Abbasi Ali , Levick Bethany , Riaz Majid , McMahon Peter , Thompson Matthew , Cheeseman Sue
Published: May 2023

Objective

To assess use of bone-targeting agents (BTA) in patients with confirmed bone metastases (BM) from breast cancer (BC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or prostate cancer (PC).

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Regional hospital-based oncology database of approximately 2 million patients in England.

Participants

Patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of BC, NSCLC or PC as well as BM between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2018, with follow-up to 30 June 2020 or death; BM diagnosis ascertained from recorded medical codes and unstructured data using natural language processing (NLP).

Main outcomes measures

Initiation or non-initiation of BTA following BM diagnosis, time from BM diagnosis to BTA initiation, time from first to last BTA, time from last BTA to death.

Results

This study included 559 BC, 894 NSCLC and 1013 PC with BM; median age (Q1–Q3) was 65 (52–76), 69 (62–77) and 75 (62–77) years, respectively. NLP identified BM diagnosis from unstructured data for 92% patients with BC, 92% patients with NSCLC and 95% patients with PC. Among patients with BC, NSCLC and PC with BM, 47%, 87% and 88% did not receive a BTA, and 53%, 13% and 12% received at least one BTA, starting a median 65 (27–167), 60 (28–162) and 610 (295–980) days after BM, respectively. Median (Q1–Q3) duration of BTA treatment was 481 (188–816), 89 (49–195) and 115 (53–193) days for patients with BC, NSCLC and PC. For those with a death record, median time from last BTA to death was 54 (26–109) for BC, 38 (17–98) for NSCLC and 112 (44–218) days for PC.

Conclusion

In this study identifying BM diagnosis from both structured and unstructured data, a high proportion of patients did not receive a BTA. Unstructured data provide new insights on the real-world use of BTA.
Association of anxiety, depression and resilience with overall health and functioning in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chung Deborah Xin Yi , Loo Ying Ern , Kwan Yu Heng , Phang Jie Kie , Woon Ting Hui , Goh Wei Rui , Angkodjojo Stanley , Fong Warren
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the association between anxiety, depression and resilience with overall health and functioning in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Design

Cross-sectional evaluation of baseline data from a prospective cohort study, with recruitment from January 2018 to March 2021.

Setting

Outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital in Singapore.

Participants

Patients aged 21 years and above who were diagnosed with axSpA.

Outcome measures

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used for assessing anxiety and depression, 10-item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) for resilience, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) for disease activity, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) for functional limitation and Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Health Index (ASAS HI) for overall health and functioning. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between anxiety, depression and resilience with health and functioning.

Results

We included 296 patients in this study. The median (IQR) score for HADS-Anxiety was 5.0 (2.0–8.0), with 13.5% and 13.9% having borderline abnormal and abnormal anxiety, respectively. The median (IQR) score for HADS-Depression was 3.0 (1.0–7.0), with 12.8% and 8.4% having borderline abnormal and abnormal depression, respectively. The median (IQR) CD-RISC-10 score was 29.0 (23.0–32.0) while the median (IQR) ASAS HI score was 4.0 (2.0–7.0). Apart from BASDAI, BASFI and disease duration, anxiety and depression were associated with overall health and functioning (β: 0.12, 95% CI 0.03, 0.20; β: 0.20, 95% CI 0.09, 0.31) in the multivariable linear regression. Level of resilience was not associated with health and functioning.

Conclusion

Anxiety and depression, but not resilience, were associated with poorer health and functioning. Clinicians could consider routinely screening for anxiety and depression in their patients, especially in patients with more severe symptoms.
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of glycopyrronium in children and adolescents with severe sialorrhoea and neurodisabilities: protocol of the SALIVA trial
Authors: Fayoux Pierre , Dinomais Mickael , Shaw Helen , Probert Nick , Villain Frédéric , Pouchain Denis , Texier Nathalie , Auvin Stéphane
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Severe sialorrhoea is a common, distressing problem in children/adolescents with neurodisabilities, which has adverse health and social consequences. The SALIVA trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a paediatric-specific oral solution of glycopyrronium along with its impact on quality-of-life (QoL), which has been lacking from previous trials of sialorrhoea treatments.

Methods and analysis

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised phase IV trial is ongoing in several centres across France. Eighty children aged 3–17 years with severe sialorrhoea (≥6 on the modified Teachers Drooling Scale) related to chronic neurological disorders in whom non-pharmacological standard of care has already been implemented or has failed, will be recruited. Patients will be randomised 1:1 to receive a 2 mg/5 mL solution of glycopyrronium bromide (Sialanar 320 µg/mL glycopyrronium) or placebo three times daily during a 3-month blinded period. After Day 84, participants will be invited into a 6-month, open-label study extension period, where they will all receive glycopyrronium. The primary endpoint of the double-blind period will be the change from baseline to Day 84 in the Drooling Impact Scale (DIS), a validated measure to assess sialorrhoea. A series of secondary efficacy endpoints involving change in total DIS, specific DIS items and response (DIS improvement ≥13.6 points) will be analysed in a prespecified hierarchy. QoL data will be collected from parents, caregivers and patients where possible using specific DIS questions and DISABKIDS questionnaires. Safety endpoints, including adverse events, will be assessed throughout the trial periods.

Ethics and dissemination

In total, 87 children have been recruited and recruitment is now complete. Final results are expected by the end of 2023. Findings will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

EudraCT 2020-005534-15.
Beyond direct costs: individual and societal financial burden of asthma in young adults in a Danish nationwide study
Authors: Håkansson Kjell Erik Julius , Løkke Anders , Ibsen Rikke , Hilberg Ole , Backer Vibeke , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli
Published: May 2023

Introduction

As a common chronic disease seen across all ages, asthma has the potential to incur high societal and individual costs from both direct healthcare costs and loss of productivity. Most previous studies use smaller, selected populations to assess the cost of asthma, possibly reducing generalisability. We, therefore, aimed to assess the total, nationwide economic burden of asthma by severity from both an individual and a societal perspective.

Methods

The annual cost of asthma was assessed in a Danish nationwide cohort of patients aged 18–45 during 2014–2016 as excess healthcare costs, loss of income and welfare expenditure compared with controls (matched 1:4) using national registries. Asthma severity was defined as mild-to-moderate (steps 1–3 or step 4 without exacerbations) or severe (step 4 with exacerbations or step 5).

Results

Across 63 130 patients (mean age 33, 55% female), the annual excess cost of asthma compared with controls was predicted to €4095 (95% CI €3856 to €4334) per patient. Beyond direct costs related to treatment and hospitalisations (€1555 (95% CI €1517 to €1593)), excess indirect costs related to loss of income (€1060 (95% CI €946 to €1171)) and welfare expenditure (eg, sick pay and disability pensions) (€1480 (95% CI €1392 to €1570)) were seen. Crude pooling of excess costs resulted in an annual societal cost of €263 million for all included patients.

Severe asthma (4.5%) incurred 4.4 times higher net costs (€15 749 (95% CI 13 928 to €17 638)) compared with mild-to-moderate disease (€3586 (95% CI €3349 to €3824)). Furthermore, patients with severe asthma experienced an annual loss of income of €3695 (95% CI €4106 to €3225) compared with controls.

Conclusion

In young adults with asthma, a significant societal and individual financial burden of disease was seen across severities. Expenditure was mainly driven by loss of income and welfare utilisation, rather than direct healthcare costs.
A beginner's guide to 19F NMR and its role in drug screening
Authors: Prosser R. Scott
Published: May 2023

The structural biology renaissance has created new opportunities for both understanding mechanisms of action of many dynamic protein complexes and advancing drug discovery. 19F NMR can play a key role in both protein and ligand nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In particular, by judiciously labeling the protein target with CF3 reporters, functional states can be monitored as a function of ligand or drug candidate so as to understand their mechanism of action or response. At the same time, fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) using fluorinated libraries enables the rapid detection of binders and their elaboration toward lead compounds. Future studies will likely employ fluorinated tags with improved chemical shift sensitivity and reporters that can be biosynthetically incorporated via AMBER stop codon technologies. At the same time, FBDD will be greatly improved by promising new fluorinated libraries in combination with improved computational methods for predicting lead compounds.
Stand spatial structure outcomes of forest adaptation treatments in northern hardwood forests in North America
Authors: Wikle Jessica L. , D'Amato Anthony W.
Published: May 2023

Spatial arrangement of trees is determined by a complex suite of factors, including disturbance history, competition, and resource availability. These spatial patterns drive adaptive capacity by influencing arrangement of growing space, neighborhood competitive relationships, and disturbance response, with irregular patterns supporting higher adaptive capacity. While spatial structure in relation to disturbance and climate change resilience has been studied in dry conifer forests and old-growth temperate forests, it has never been explored in the context of climate adaptive management in mesic, second-growth forests. To address this gap, we analyzed tree spatial patterns in second-growth northern hardwood forests under four different climate adaptation management approaches: no action; resistance or resilience to impacts of climate change; and transition to future-adapted forest types. We used spatial point statistics approaches to describe how patterns differed among the four treatments. We found that the treatments focused on future adaptation led to patterns with variable tree spacing and clumping, while those focused on perpetuating current conditions resulted in less pattern variation. This indicates that adaptation strategies that include uneven-aged regeneration methods that restore and maintain tree spatial patterns historically generated by gap dynamics can be successful in altering resource availability patterns and adaptation space in forest stands.
Effects of an electric charge on Casimir wormholes: changing the throat size
Authors: Garattini Remo
Published: May 2023

In this paper we continue the investigation of the connection between Casimir energy and the traversability of a wormhole. In addition to the negative energy density obtained by a Casimir device, we include the effect of an electromagnetic field generated by an electric charge. This combination defines an electrovacuum source which has an extra parameter related to the size of the throat. Even if the electromagnetic energy density is positive, the null energy condition is still violated. The main reason is that the electromagnetic field satisfies the property $$\rho =-p_{r}$$

ρ
=
-

p
r

. As a consequence, the traversable wormhole throat can be changed as a function of the electric charge. This means that the throat is no longer Planckian and the traversability is slightly less in principle but slightly greater in practice.
Optimal control of a stochastic rumour propagation in online social networks
Authors: Myilsamy Kalaiselvi , Senthil Kumar Muthukrishnan , Satheesh Kumar Athira
Published: May 2023

The rapid development of social networks makes the rumour, other false news disseminate to the people in a short period. Online users in social networks are dynamically changing the connectivity over time. The effect of dynamic connections results in stochastic variation which is termed as noise. In this paper, a nonlinear rumour propagation model is formulated, the basic regeneration number [Formula: see text] of the proposed model is computed and the stability for the model is discussed. Further, we extend the model to stochastic rumour propagation for online social networks incorporating noise. The existence and uniqueness of the stochastic rumour propagation for the homogeneous network are investigated. Optimal control strategy of stochastic rumour spreading model in online social network is investigated to control the parameters. A comparison between deterministic and stochastic rumour spreading model in online social network is numerically illustrated.
Searching the new exact wave solutions to the beta-fractional Paraxial nonlinear Schrödinger model via three different approaches
Authors: Razzaq Waseem , Zafar Asim , Raheel M.
Published: May 2023

This research is concerned with some modernistic exact wave solutions of paraxial nonlinear Schrödinger model (PNLSM) along beta-fractional derivatives. The collected solutions can be executed in exposing this model in prominent form. The obtained results including trigonometric, hyperbolic trigonometric and exponential functions solutions. To obtain these solutions and the verification of achieved results, Mathematica tool is used. Three approaches, named as [Formula: see text] function, extended [Formula: see text]-expansion and modified simplest equation approaches are employed to protect the results. The achieved results are also illustrated by two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D) and contour plots. The gained results are newer than the existing results in the literature and can also be fruitful for the development of model in future. The methods used in this paper are simple, reliable and accurate for solving the fractional nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs).
Uncertainty quantification analysis with arbitrary polynomial chaos method: Application in slipstream effect of propeller aircraft
Authors: Li Yao , Si Haiqing , Wu Xiaojun , Zhao Wei , Li Gen , Qiu Jingxuan
Published: May 2023

The slipstream effect of propeller aircraft has a major impact on aircraft aerodynamic characteristics. Predicting the interaction of propeller slipstream on flow field over a complete aircraft has been an important topic in the field of fluid mechanics. In the flight test, we found that parameters in the flight data of propeller aircraft exhibit significant stochastic characteristics, and the mechanism of the influence of these stochastic parameters on aerodynamic characteristics of propeller aircraft needs to be further studied. Therefore, we combine arbitrary Polynomial Chaos method with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) according to the characteristics of stochastic parameter distribution, propose an uncertainty CFD analysis method, and apply it to the aerodynamic uncertainty analysis of propeller aircraft. Results show that the standard deviation (Std) of the pressure coefficient [Formula: see text] on the wing surface will form an extreme region at windward side and separation position, respectively, which will gradually decrease with the flow direction. Furthermore, the slipstream will reduce the local Std on wing surface, and the downwash caused by slipstream will change the Std distribution on the leading edge of the horizontal tail.
A Method on Classification and Recognition of Noisy Plant Images Based on Visual Domain Perception
Authors: Xie Hongbiao , Feng Mingkun , Lin Zhijie , Wu Jiyi , Feng Zhe
Published: May 2023

At present, some achievements have been made in the research of plant leaf classification such as the introduction of artificial intelligence algorithm. But there are still some problems. First, the existing achievements do not consider the subjective perception mechanism and role of human visual system in leaf classification data labels. Second, the implementation of the deep learning algorithm completely depends on the computing power level of the high-cost machine hardware and the large-scale image database. Finally, these research results rarely consider the noise pollution of leaf image samples. In order to solve the above problems, the paper fully considered the subjective perception principle and characteristics of human vision system (HVS), and proposed a lightweight classification method of noisy plant leaves (LCM-NPLs) based on visual domain perception. First, the most suitable HVS front-end perception characteristics were applied to the physical visual processing of leaves. Then the plant leaves were denoised through the information processing mechanism of HVS back-end. The visual effect of regular and orderly plant leaves is obtained. Finally, the classification is realized by principal component analysis (PCA) and third-order nearest neighbor algorithm. The results of ablation contrast experiments show that the classification accuracy of the method in this paper is 82.50% for plant leaves in the presence of serious noise interference with PSNR of 10.2421, more than 90% for plant leaves with general noise pollution transmission with PSNR of more than 15.3759, and 98.33% for plant leaves of light pollution with PSNR of 20.5659. The proposed method has achieved very good results. The proposed method can not only accurately classify plant leaves in different growth periods, but also maintain a high classification accuracy rate in the presence of serious noise interference.
The Impact of Digital Capability on Firm Performance and Growth in Incumbent SMEs
Authors: Joensuu-Salo Sanna , Matalamäki Marko
Published: May 2023

This study examines the effect of digital capability on firm performance and firm growth. We apply the resource-based view and especially its expansion of the dynamic capabilities perspective to illustrate how digital capability is positively related to firm performance and firm growth, and how firm size is a relevant factor in explaining digital capability in incumbent SMEs. The context of this study is Finnish SMEs. The data were gathered from 242 SME owner-managers and analysed with structural equation modelling. The results show that smaller firms have less digital capability than larger SMEs and that smaller firms struggle with performance indicators. Digital capability is positively related to firm performance and firm growth. Our results indicate that although several factors explain and alter the course of firm growth, digital capability can boost the opportunity creation process, and aid survival in the face of competition. Digital capability is an important resource in SMEs and allows firms to safeguard the sustainability of their business model. We argue that digital capability is strongly related to SME’s management practices and SME owner/manager’s commitment to responding to digital transformation. This research sheds light on the importance of strategic leaders’ perceptions of digital capability on incumbent SMEs’ competitive advantage, and contributes both entrepreneurship theory and practice.
Mössbauer Investigation of Mn-Doped La–Sr Ferrite Synthesized by the Sol–Gel Method
Authors: Wu Zhongjin , Zhang Qinghang , Lu Zeyi , Shen Jiyu , Gong Chenying , Liu Min , Xia Yanfang
Published: May 2023

[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) series samples were prepared by sol–gel method and characterized by powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The effects of Mn doping on the microstructure, morphology and electronic structure of La–Sr ferrite were investigated. The XRD results show that all samples are single phase and have orthorhombic structures with Pbnm space group. The surface morphology and composition of chemical elements of the samples were analyzed by SEM and EDS, and the experimental values were consistent with the expected values. The sample was tested by [Formula: see text]Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature, and the results showed that the percentage of doublet increased gradually with the increase of Mn ion doping ratio, and at [Formula: see text], all the sextet disappeared and only the doublet existed. According to the analysis, it can be seen that the prepared series of samples underwent a transition from antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic.
Rodinia without Baltica? Constraints from Sveconorwegian orogenic style and palaeomagnetic data
Authors: Slagstad Trond , Kulakov Evgeniy V.
Published: May 2023

The core of the Rodinia supercontinent has long been considered to have consisted of three cratons – Baltica, Laurentia and Amazonia – amalgamated along the late Mesoproterozoic Sveconorwegian, Grenville and Sunsas orogens. In recent years, however, it has become increasingly clear that the metamorphic and magmatic evolution of the Sveconorwegian orogen is inconsistent with a collisional model. Although geological data alone do not rule out proximity to Rodinia, palaeomagnetic data indicate significant latitudinal separation of Baltica and Laurentia during supercontinent assembly. In this contribution, we briefly review two recently proposed and mutually exclusive tectonic models for the Sveconorwegian orogeny and present a compilation of previously published and new chemical and isotopic data. A lack of crustal thickening throughout much of the orogen and few if any changes in lower-crustal sources and melting conditions between 1.3 and 0.9 Ga suggest that the western part of the Sveconorwegian orogeny represents a change from a dominantly extensional to a compressional back-arc regime, but without a significant change in overall tectonic setting. This orogenic evolution is incompatible with amalgamation into Rodinia and suggests that Baltica may have been isolated until the Silurian Caledonian orogeny.
A Hybrid Continuous-Time Dynamic Graph Representation Learning Model by Exploring Both Temporal and Repetitive Information
Authors: Li Xiaona , Wang Zhu , Chen Xindong , Guo Bin , Yu Zhiwen
Published: May 2023

Recently, dynamic graph representation learning has attracted more and more attention from both academic and industrial communities due to its capabilities of capturing different real-world phenomena. For a dynamic graph represented as a sequence of timestamped events, there are two kinds of evolutionary essences: temporal and repetitive information. At present, the temporal information of interactions (e.g., timestamps) have been deeply explored. However, as another vital nature of dynamic graphs, the repetitive information of interactions between two nodes is neglected, which may lead to inaccurate node representation. To address this issue, we propose a novel continuous-time dynamic graph representation learning model, which consists of a node-level-memory based module, a historical high-order neighborhood based vertical aggregation module and a repetitive-topological information based horizontal aggregation module. In particular, to characterize the evolving pattern of the repetitive information of interactions between a pair of nodes, we put forward a repetitive-interaction based attention mechanism to integrate the two key attributes (i.e., the content and the number of interactions) of repetitive interactions at different moments, based on the insight that the repetitive behaviors of nodes are widespread and essential. We conduct extensive experiments including future link prediction tasks (for transductive and inductive learning) and dynamic node classification task, and results on three real-life dynamic graph datasets demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, for both observed nodes and new ones.
A Study on the Strategic Application of Semantic Segmentation Based on Improved Convolutional Neural Networks on English-Chinese Interaction
Authors: Yang Xi , Yang Bei
Published: May 2023

Teachers need to provide numerous examples sentences for students to translate in the process of teaching English, but the number of sentences given by teachers to practice subjectively is not enough. Therefore, the study constructs a text generation model using an improved convolutional neural network semantic segmentation method, where the corpus utterances are keyword extracted and new shorter utterances are generated based on the keywords for language learners to practice translation. The research first uses the textRank algorithm to extract semantic keywords to obtain a dataset, and then uses CNN to construct an encoder to achieve semantic encoding of the keyword dataset. However, during the research process, it was found that traditional CNN models are relatively sensitive to the location of input data. Therefore, the research introduces the idea of Decomposition Machine (FM) to improve the encoder. In order to control text generation, research has introduced a weighted additive attention mechanism in the decoding process to associate the meaning of the generated text sequence with the meaning of the keyword set. Based on this, a text generation model for generating a translation related corpus in English teaching is constructed. This results in a text generation model that can be used to generate a translation-linked corpus for English language teaching. The average BLEU value of model 1 is 0.924, Inform value is 98.40, the Success value is 97.64, and the Combine value is 101.24, which can achieve high-quality text generation by the keyword lexical meaning and provide technical guarantee for the establishment of the corpus in educating in English.
From Multi-Physics to Electrical Circuit Models of Aged Graphite Electrodes of Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Chaouachi Oumaima , Chandesris Marion , Rety Jean-Michel , Bultel Yann
Published: May 2023

A two-step up-scaling methodology is established to determine a temporal Electric Equivalent Circuit (EEC) model of aged graphite electrodes. The methodology is fed with original experimental results of graphite impedance spectra obtained upon aging on graphite-NMC pouches instrumented with reference electrodes. An analytical expression is first derived which includes the impedance contributions from interfacial kinetics, double-layer adsorption, solid-phase diffusion processes in the graphite particles as well as lithium diffusion through the SEI layer. The derivation of the temporal EEC model from this analytical expression using Foster series allows to link the EEC model parameters to materials properties and to tune the accuracy of the model by choosing the number of RC elements in the series. The validity of the model is ascertained by comparison with the experimental data obtained at different aging time and for two cycling temperature conditions. In particular, accounting for lithium diffusion through the SEI is necessary to capture the evolution of the impedance spectra of significantly aged graphite electrodes.
Sex hormones impact early maturation and immune response in the arteriovenous fistula mouse model
Authors: Satam Keyuree , Ohashi Yuichi , Thaxton Carly , Gonzalez Luis , Setia Ocean , Bai Hualong , Aoyagi Yukihiko , Xie Yangzhouyun , Zhang Weichang , Yatsula Bogdan , Martin Kathleen A. , Cai Yujun , Dardik Alan
Published: May 2023

After arteriovenous fistula creation, females have lower rates of maturation and higher rates of failure than males. In a mouse model of venous adaptation that recapitulates human fistula maturation, sex hormones may be mechanisms of the sexual dimorphism: testosterone is associated with reduced shear stress, whereas estrogen is associated with increased immune cell recruitment. Modulating sex hormones or downstream effectors suggests sex-specific therapies and could address disparities in sex differences in clinical outcomes.
Regional beat-to-beat variability of repolarization increases during ischemia and predicts imminent arrhythmias in a pig model of myocardial infarction
Authors: Amoni Matthew , Ingelaere Sebastian , Moeyersons Jonathan , Wets Dries , Tanushi Aldo , Van Huffel Sabine , Varon Carolina , Sipido Karin , Claus Piet , Willems Rik
Published: May 2023

The key finding of this study is that BVR increases during AMI and surges before ventricular arrhythmia onset. This suggests that monitoring BVR may be useful for monitoring the risk of VF during and after AMI in the coronary care unit settings. Beyond this, monitoring BVR may have value in cardiac implantable devices or wearables.
In vivo pressure-flow relation of human cutaneous vessels following prolonged iterative exposures to hypergravity
Authors: Keramidas Michail E. , Kölegård Roger , Sköldefors Håkan , Eiken Ola
Published: May 2023

The study examined intra- and interlimb variations in cutaneous vessel responsiveness to acute and repeated transmural pressure elevations. In 11 healthy men, red blood cell flux was assessed via laser-Doppler flowmetry on both glabrous and nonglabrous skin regions of an arm (finger and forearm) and leg (toe and lower leg), across a wide range of stepwise increasing distending pressures imposed in the vessels of each limb separately. The pressure-flux cutaneous responses were evaluated before and after 5 wk of intermittent (40 min, 3 sessions per week) exposures to hypergravity (∼2.6–3.3 G; G training). Before and after G training, forearm and lower leg blood flux were relatively stable up to ∼210 and ∼240 mmHg distending pressures, respectively; and then they increased two- to threefold ( P < 0.001). Finger blood flux dropped promptly ( P < 0.001), regardless of the G training ( P = 0.64). At ≤120-mmHg distending pressures, toe blood flux enhanced by ∼40% ( P ≤ 0.05); the increase was augmented after the G training ( P = 0.01). At high distending pressures, toe blood flux dropped by ∼70% in both trials ( P < 0.001). The present results demonstrate that circulatory autoregulation is more pronounced in glabrous skin than in nonglabrous skin, and in nonglabrous sites of the leg than in those of the arm. Repetitive high-sustained gravitoinertial stress does not modify the pressure-flow relationship in the dependent skin vessels of the arm nor in the nonglabrous sites of the lower leg. Yet it may partly inhibit the myogenic responsiveness of the toe’s glabrous skin.
A Microgrid Security Defense Method Based on Cooperation in an Edge-Computing Environment
Authors: Shang Jian , Guan Runmin , Shen Changlu
Published: May 2023

Aiming at the problems of high delay and vulnerable to network attack in the traditional microgrid centralized architecture, a collaborative microgrid security defense method in the edge-computing environment is proposed. First, we build the edge-computing framework for microgrid, deploy the edge-computing server near the equipment terminal to improve the data processing efficiency, and deploy the blockchain in the edge server to ensure the reliability of the system. Then, the fully homomorphic encryption algorithm is used to design the smart contract, and the secure sharing of information is ensured through identity authentication, data encryption call, and so on. Finally, the credibility model is integrated into the election algorithm and is used to build a trusted edge cooperation mechanism to further improve the ability of the system to defend against network attacks. Based on the microgrid model, the experimental demonstration of the proposed method is carried out. The results show that when subjected to a network attack, the current fluctuation range is small and the defense success rate exceeds 95%, which is better than other methods and can better meet the requirements of practical application.
CRT-Based Homomorphic Encryption over the Fraction
Authors: Zhao De , Ding Haiyang , Li Zhenzhen , Zhang Zhenzhen , Li Zichen , Gao Jing
Published: May 2023

Homomorphic encryption technology is the holy grail of cryptography and has a wide range of applications in practice. This paper proposes a homomorphic encryption scheme over the fraction based on the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) Dayan qiuyi rule. This homomorphic scheme performs encryption and decryption operations by forming congruence groups and has homomorphism. The solution in this paper first combines the traditional CRT algorithm with the Dayan qiuyi rule to obtain the CRTF algorithm that can be operated on the fraction field. Finally, in the decryption process, modulo arithmetic is used twice to obtain the correct plaintext components, restored to plaintext by CRTF. The scheme’s security is related to a decisional version of an approximate GCD problem. The proof of theoretical derivation shows that this paper’s homomorphic encryption scheme can realize the homomorphic addition operation in the fraction field. Compared with the CKKS scheme, efficiency is improved.
[Retracted] AZ63/Ti/Zr Nanocomposite for Bone‐Related Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sathish T. , Saravanan R. , Shreepad Sarange , Amuthan T. , Raj J. Immanuel Durai , Gaur Piyush , Vijayan V. , Rajkumar S.
Published: May 2023

Considering the unique properties of magnesium and its alloy, it has a vast demand in biomedical applications, particularly the implant material in tissue engineering due to its biodegradability. But the fixing spares must hold such implants till the end of the biodegradation of implant material. The composite technology will offer the added benefits of altering the material properties to match the requirements of the desired applications. Hence, this experimental investigation is aimed at developing a composite material for manufacturing fixing spares like a screw for implants in biomedical applications. The matrix of AZ63 magnesium alloy is reinforced with nanoparticles of zirconium (Zr) and titanium (Ti) through the stir casting‐type synthesis method. The samples were prepared with equal contributions of zirconium (Zr) and titanium (Ti) nanoparticles in the total reinforcement percentage (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%). The corrosive and tribological studies were done. In the corrosive study, the process parameters like NaCl concentration, pH value, and exposure time were varied at three levels. In the wear study, the applied Load, speed of sliding, and the distance of the slide were considered at four levels. Taguchi analysis was employed in this investigation to optimize the reinforcement and independent factors to minimize the wear and corrosive losses. The minimum wear rate was achieved in the 12% reinforced sample with the input factor levels of 60 N of load on the pin, 1 m/s of disc speed at a sliding distance was 1500 m, and the 12% reinforce samples also recorded a minimum corrosive rate of 0.0076 mm/year at the operating environment of 5% NaCl‐concentrated solution with the pH value of 9 for 24 hrs of exposure. The prediction model was developed based on the experimental results.
Performance Simulation of a Coal-Fired Power Plant Integrated with S-CO2 Brayton Cycle for Operational Flexibility Enhancement
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Si Long , Xie Xinyan , Wang Di
Published: May 2023

In this study, a coal-fired power plant with an integrated S-CO2 cycle is proposed to improve the system operational flexibility. To optimize the performance, a control strategy of variable load regulation is proposed. First, a dynamic mathematical model of the system is established based on the conservation of mass and energy principles, and then, dynamic verification of the model is carried out. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, an exergy analysis is performed on the S-CO2 cycle, indicating that the exergy loss rate of the heater in the cycle is the highest. Finally, the dynamic performance of the system is simulated, and the dynamic response of the power generation load is analyzed. In addition, the system is evaluated based on the performance indicator of the flexibility of the power generation. It was found that the proposed system in this paper has a large load ramp rate which can quickly follow the load response. Meanwhile, compared with load downregulation, the system has greater potential for load upregulation.
Dynamical Analysis and Offset Boosting in a 4-Dimensional Quintic Chaotic Oscillator with Circulant Connection of Space Variables
Authors: Sandrine Nzoulewa Dountsop , Jacques Kengne
Published: May 2023

In recent years, much energy has been devoted to the study of chaotic models with specific features particularly those with cyclic connection of the variables. Previous ones provide multistability, amplitude control, and so on. Concerning the first phenomenon, models with ring connection of variables presented a coexistence of up to twelve disconnected attractors. In order to emphasize the complexity of circulant chaotic oscillators and their use in the engineering domain, a quintic chaotic model with cyclic connection of variables is considered and studied, which has complex equilibria located on the line

x
=
y
=
z
=
w

. Therefore, it experiences, amongst other, the phenomenon of offset boosting obtained by introducing four constants into the equations of the model, which has not be done in the past. Multistability is also revealed and the coexistence of eight and sixteen attractors is demonstrated using phase portraits. The system’s dynamics has been investigated considering its two parameters. Nonlinear dynamical tools such as bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits, time evolutions, two-parameter diagram, and Lyapunov exponents help to highlight the important phenomena encountered. The numerical results are confirmed using PSpice and particularly show the double-band chaotic attractor. Moreover, total amplitude control (TAC) is shown, proving that our oscillator can be used as an attenuator or amplifier in the engineering domain. The method of adaptive synchronization has been applied to the considered oscillator to emphasize the possible implication into the secure of communication systems.
A Low‐Power WLAN CMOS LNA for Wireless Sensor Network Wake‐Up Receiver Applications
Authors: Bouraoui Mariem , Neifar Amel , Barraj Imen , Masmoudi Mohamed
Published: May 2023

Wireless communication integration is related to many challenges such as reliability, quality of service, communication range, and energy consumption. As the overall performance of wireless sensor networks (WSN) will be improved if the capacity of each sensor node is optimized, several techniques are used to fine‐tune the various circuits of each node. In recent works, the wake‐up receiver nodes have been introduced to minimize latencies without increasing energy consumption. To overcome the sensitivity of wake‐up receiver limitations, a design of a low‐noise amplifier (LNA) with several design specifications is required. This article discusses the relevance of the wake‐up receiver in WSN applications and provides a brief study of this component. An LNA design for WSN wake‐up receiver applications is presented. The challenging task of the LNA design is to provide equitable trade‐off performances such as noise figure, gain, power consumption, impedance matching, and linearity. The LNA circuit is designed for wireless personal area network (WLAN) standards utilizing RF‐TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm. Two innovative techniques are applied to the LNA topology to improve its performance: forward body biasing is used to reduce power consumption by 11.43 mW, and substrate resistance is added to reduce noise by 1.8 dB. The developed LNA achieves a noise figure of 1.6 dB and a power gain of 21.7 dB at 5.2 GHz. At 0.6 V, the designed LNA dissipates 0.87 mW.
A PET/Graphite‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Monitoring the Health of Leg Muscles in Football
Authors: Zhang Wei , Jiang Xiaoxiang
Published: May 2023

Recently, self‐powered flexible sensors have shown important application value in sports training. Thus, we design a triboelectric nanogenerator based on PET/Graphite composite film (PG‐TENG) to harvest human motion energy and monitor football player leg muscle health. The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film and PET/graphite composite film serve as the triboelectric pairs; meanwhile, the PET/Graphite composite film also plays the role of conductive electrode. Moreover, the PET/graphite composite film can be prepared by a simple reverse molding process. According to the results, the instantaneous power density of PG‐TENG can arrive at 5.94 mW/m2 at 130 MΩ. The PG‐TENG can serve as the motion player to monitor the health of football players’ leg muscles and various football sports postures, including the posture of bouncing and dribbling. This research will promote the application of self‐driving sensors in sports monitoring.
Advance in the Correlation between Diabetic Nephropathy and Abnormal Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels in Patients
Authors: Liu Zhiqiu
Published: May 2023

This study was developed to explore the correlation between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and abnormal serum thyroid hormone (TH) levels in patients, which can provide a reference for disease prevention and control in patients with DN. DN is the most serious complication of diabetes. The mortality rate of diabetic patients with DN is approximately 30 times higher than that of diabetic patients without DN. DN leads to high blood sugar, which causes vascular dysfunction in patients, causes cardiovascular disease, aggravates the disease and disease complexity, and thus increases the mortality of patients. DN patients often have oxidative stress and even fibrosis in severe cases. TH has a potential renal protective effect and can also regulate glucose metabolism and improve abnormal glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Abnormal serum TH levels increase the risk of DN. Normal thyroid function plays an important role in regulating the physiological functions of the human body. Hormonal disorders promote the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) into DN. The pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, detection, and treatment methods of DN were reviewed in this study. The research progress of the influence of TH on DN was analyzed. This study is conducive to clinical research on DN and provides a reference.