bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acyclovir inhibition of IDO to decrease Tregs as a glioblastoma treatment adjunct
Authors: Söderlund Johan , Erhardt Sophie , Kast Richard E
Published: August 2010

Regulatory T cells, Tregs, are a subset of lymphocytes that have immunosuppressive attributes. They are elevated in blood of glioblastoma patients and within this tumor's tissue itself. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, IDO, converts tryptophan to kynurenine. IDO activity enhances Treg formation by pathways that are unknown. Experimentally, inhibition of IDO decreases Treg function and number in rodents. The common anti-viral agent acyclovir inhibits IDO. Acyclovir may thereby decrease Treg function in glioblastoma. If it can be confirmed that Treg counts are elevated in glioblastoma patients' tumor tissue, and if we can document acyclovir's lowering of tissue Treg counts by a small trial of acyclovir in pre-operative glioblastoma patients, a trial of acyclovir effect on survival should be done given the current poor prognosis of glioblastoma and the well-established safety and low side effect burden of acyclovir.
Subchronic oral toxicity of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Yong Soon , Song Moon Yong , Park Jung Duck , Song Kyung Seuk , Ryu Hyeon Ryol , Chung Yong Hyun , Chang Hee Kyung , Lee Ji Hyun , Oh Kyung Hui , Kelman Bruce J , Hwang In Koo , Yu Il Je
Published: August 2010

Background

The antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles has resulted in their extensive application in health, electronic, consumer, medicinal, pesticide, and home products; however, silver nanoparticles remain a controversial area of research with respect to their toxicity in biological and ecological systems.

Results

This study tested the oral toxicity of silver nanoparticles (56 nm) over a period of 13 weeks (90 days) in F344 rats following Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guideline 408 and Good Laboratory Practices (GLP). Five-week-old rats, weighing about 99 g for the males and 92 g for the females, were divided into four 4 groups (10 rats in each group): vehicle control, low-dose (30 mg/kg), middle-dose (125 mg/kg), and high-dose (500 mg/kg). After 90 days of exposure, clinical chemistry, hematology, histopathology, and silver distribution were studied. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the body weight of male rats after 4 weeks of exposure, although there were no significant changes in food or water consumption during the study period. Significant dose-dependent changes were found in alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol for the male and female rats, indicating that exposure to more than 125 mg/kg of silver nanoparticles may result in slight liver damage. Histopathologic examination revealed a higher incidence of bile-duct hyperplasia, with or without necrosis, fibrosis, and/or pigmentation, in treated animals. There was also a dose-dependent accumulation of silver in all tissues examined. A gender-related difference in the accumulation of silver was noted in the kidneys, with a twofold increase in female kidneys compared to male kidneys.

Conclusions

The target organ for the silver nanoparticles was found to be the liver in both the male and female rats. A NOAEL (no observable adverse effect level) of 30 mg/kg and LOAEL (lowest observable adverse effect level) of 125 mg/kg are suggested from the present study.
HSP70: a promising target for laryngeal carcinoma radiaotherapy by inhibiting cleavage and degradation of nucleolin
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Kangkai , Zhang Xin , Qiu Yuanzheng , Huang Donghai , Li Wei , Xiao Xianzhong , Tian Yongquan
Published: August 2010

Previous studies have shown that heat shock proteins (HSPs) were upregulated in various types of tumors and were associated with histological grade, recurrence and metastasis of malignant tumors. In this study, we investigated whether heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70) was associated with histological grade of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC). We also determine the role of HSP70 in LSCC radiation resistance using a laryngeal carcinoma xenograft model by antisense HSP70 RNA technique. Immunohistochemistry data showed that HSP70 was detected in 96% of LSCC tissues (48 out of 50). The expression level of HSP70 was significantly lower in early stage of LSCC than that in late stage (P = 0.015). Radiation treatment result showed that the volumes and weights of implantation tumors in the group injected with antisense HSP70 oligos were significantly reduced comparing to the group injected with random oligos(p < 0.05). In addition, cleavage and degradation of tumor nucleolin in antisense HSP70 oligos injection group was significantly higher than that in random oligos injection group. Our result suggested that HSP70 may play a role in LSCC radiotherapy resistance by inhibiting cleavage and degradation of nucleolin.
Nonstretch moveout correction of long-offset multichannel seismic data for subbasalt imaging: Example from the North Atlantic
Authors: Masoomzadeh Hassan , Barton Penny J. , Singh Satish C.
Published: August 2010

We have developed a pragmatic new processing strategy to enhance seismic information obtained from long-offset multichannel seismic data. The conventional processing approach, which treats data on a sample-by-sample basis, is applied at a coarser scale on groups of samples. Using this approach, a reflected event and its vicinity remain unstretched during the normal moveout correction. Isomoveout curves (lines of equal moveout) in the time-velocity panel are employed to apply a constant moveout correction to selected individual events, leading to a nonstretch stack. A zigzag stacking-velocity function is introduced as a combination of segments of appropriate isomoveout curves. By employing a zigzag velocity function, stretching of key events is avoided and thus information at far offset is preserved in the stack. The method is also computationally cost-effective. However, the zigzag stacking-velocity field must be consistent with target horizons. This method of horizon-consistent nonstretch moveout has been applied to a wide-angle data set from the North Atlantic margin, providing improved images of the basement interface, which was previously poorly imaged.
‘Not a neutral event’: Clinical psychologists' experiences of gifts in therapeutic relationships
Authors: Willingham Bethanne , Boyle Mary
Published: August 2010

Objectives. This study investigated clinical psychologists' experiences of gifts offered by clients in therapeutic relationships. Since limited prior research of gifts has been undertaken, the study was informed by an inter‐disciplinary approach, drawing on theories of ‘the gift’ from anthropology, sociology, and psychoanalysis.

Design and method. A postal survey was undertaken on a 10% random sample of clinical psychologists living in the UK on the Register for Chartered Psychologists (Clinical Section) (N= 441). Responses to three open‐ended questions were analysed qualitatively, using thematic analysis.

Results. The response rate to the questionnaire was 50.57% (N= 223). Three main themes were identified: (1) acceptance as the ‘correct’ response to a gift, (2) potency of the gift, and (3) the impact of policy on professional autonomy.

Conclusions. The findings suggested that many participants viewed the gift as a way of the client reciprocating something that was given in the therapy. Within a Maussian account, this notion of reciprocity positions the therapeutic contact as the ‘first gift’. Few gifts were refused and frequently occasioned pleasure in the participants. Although some givers were understood as needing to give because of ascribed intra‐individual characteristics or ‘psychopathology’, normative gifting practices were commonly held to apply in therapeutic relationships. Further research should explore clients' perspectives on gifting.
Electrospun materials for energy harvesting, conversion, and storage: A review
Authors: Laudenslager Michael J. , Scheffler Raymond H. , Sigmund Wolfgang M.
Published: August 2010

Long-length nanofibers are able to form porous networks with high surface-area-to-volume ratios, and decrease diffusion lengths. While there are numerous techniques to create nanostructures, electrospinning is the only technique that allows fabrication of nanofibers at long-length scales. These uniquely shaped fibers are applied to several energy-related devices. This review is an in-depth summary of the uses of electrospun fibers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), batteries, capacitors, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage devices. Developments in electrospinning technologies to create novel fiber morphologies are also discussed.
Sound & Observation: Listening for Clues Using Real-Life Acoustic Recorders
Authors: Wiener Carlie S. , Lammers Marc O.
Published: August 2010

This article presents a classroom activity for grades 4 to 6 based on real research from the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Research Partnership. Students learn how scientists use sound to observe and monitor marine environments. The ecological acoustic monitoring tool is used to help students practice observation skills and understand biological concepts such as sound, coral reef ecosystems, scientific method, field research, and environmental monitoring, as well as marine species' behavior. Instructions, background information, materials, and activity discussion are provided.
Adopt-a-Bud Project: An Exercise in Observation of a Tree Bud from Winter until Sprout Completion
Authors: Digiovanni Nick , Henley Colette , Digiovanni Jane P.
Published: August 2010

Students observe a tree bud from late winter until it sprouts. They learn to use dichotomous keys to identify their tree. The activity is inquiry-based; students predict when their bud will open and what it will become. Student drawings, quotes, and data are included to exemplify the process. The activity can be used to teach plant vocabulary and differentiation as well. It can be adapted to any grade level – from elementary school to college.
Relationship between cytokeratin staining patterns and clinico-pathological features in somatotropinomae
Authors: Bakhtiar Yuriz , Hirano Hirofumi , Arita Kazunori , Yunoue Shunji , Fujio Shingo , Tominaga Atsushi , Sakoguchi Tetsuhiko , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Kurisu Kaoru , Yasufuku-Takano Junko , Takano Koji
Published: August 2010

Objective

Somatotropinomae are classified as densely and sparsely granulated adenomae, which typically exhibit a perinuclear pattern (PP) and a dot pattern (DP) in cytokeratin (CK) immunostaining respectively. Some exhibit a mixed pattern (MP). We studied the relationship between these somatotropinoma subtypes and their clinico-pathological features.

Methods

The study population consisted of 141 Japanese acromegalic patients. We evaluated their clinical presentation and their response to provocation tests with TRH and LHRH and to suppression (octreotide) test. Tumour tissues were subjected to immunostaining for CAM-5.2, MIB-1, CD34, E-cadherin (CDH1) and p53 (TP53). In 43 cases (30 non-DP and 13 DP), we analysedgspmutations (constitutively activating mutations of the Gsα protein that is encoded byGNASgene).

Results

The 141 adenomae were categorised into three subtypes based on their CK staining patterns; 30 (21.3%) exhibited DP, 83 (58.9%) exhibited PP, and 28 (19.9%) exhibited MP. Compared with the other subtypes, DP adenomae were significantly larger, and their E-cadherin expression and response to TRH, LHRH and octreotide challenge were lower. The postoperative cure rate tended to be lower in DP adenomae.gspmutations were detected in 25 of 43 cases examined (58.1%); 20 of the 30 non-DP (66.7%) and 5 of the 13 DP tumours (38.5%) were affected by the mutation.

Conclusion

DP somatotropinomae exhibit characteristic features. Compared with the non-DP subtypes, DP adenomae manifested a larger tumour size, a lower incidence of abnormal responses to TRH and LHRH challenge, a poor response to octreotide test and a lower expression of E-cadherin.gspmutation was not exclusive for non-DP somatotropinomae.
Burnout and Perceived Stress among University Coaches in Lithuania
Authors: Malinauskas Romualdas , Malinauskiene Vilija , Dumciene Audrone
Published: August 2010

Burnout and Perceived Stress among University Coaches in Lithuania: Romualdas Malinauskas, et al. Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education, Lithuania

Objective

To investigate the associations between burnout, gender, working experience and perceived stress among university coaches in Lithuania.

Methods

A random sample of university coaches (N=203) was investigated (136 male and 67 female coaches; 131 coaches, with 10 yr or more work experience, and 72 coaches with less than 10 yr job experience). Two questionnaires—the Coach Burnout Questionnaire (CBQ) and Perceived Stress Scale—10 (PSS‐10)—were used. The statistical hypotheses were tested by the independent samples t‐test and binary logistic regression analysis.

Results

Statistically significant differences at the 0.01 level for burnout among coaches with 10 yr or more (burnout average score and standard deviation 2.28 ± 0.42), and coaches, who less than 10 yr job experience (1.97 ± 0.35) were found. No differences were observed between males and females with regard to burnout. The odds ratio (OR) of perceived stress for burnout was 1.92; 95% CI 1.01–3.64.

Conclusions

Significant association between burnout and job experience of 10 yr or more as compared to less than 10 yr among the university coaches was observed. High levels of perceived stress among university coaches are significantly related to burnout.
A Serious Complication of Selected Internal Radiation Therapy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sjoquist Katrin M. , Goldstein David , Bester Lourens
Published: August 2010

The use of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with SIR-Spheres® (Sirtex, Sydney, Australia) is increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic modality of primary and secondary malignant liver tumors. A number of treatment-related complications have been described despite technical expertise and detailed pretreatment investigations to assess suitability. We describe a case of gastric ulceration from nontargeted deposition of SIR-spheres® in the gastric mucosa with life-threatening consequences. This case highlights the need for careful screening and appropriate patient selection, and the need to recognize ulceration from SIRT as a potential complication of treatment. The characteristic endoscopic, radiologic, and histopathologic findings are illustrated and recommendations are reviewed with regard to the current literature.
Pull-in force predictions for horizontal directional drilling
Authors: Royal A. C. D. , Polak M. A. , Rogers C. D. F. , Chapman D. N.
Published: August 2010

Horizontal directional drilling is a ‘trenchless technology' that has been used successfully to install pipelines with minimal surface disruption. It has been developed to such an extent that pipelines 2·5 km long and with diameters approaching 2000 mm have been installed, and it has the potential to install pipelines over even greater distances. A study has been undertaken to investigate the use of horizontal directional drilling to create conduits capable of housing electrical cables over long distances (arbitrarily taken as 10 km). This paper presents the results of an investigation into the pull-in forces associated with long-distance horizontal directional drilling installations with different pipe diameters using the Pipe-force 2005 model. The outcomes of the study suggest that if the creation of the borepath can be controlled adequately, then it is theoretically conceivable that pipes of 600 mm diameter could be installed over the maximum distance considered in this project using conventional drilling rigs. However, if the borepath deviates from the desired line and level, or partial borehole collapse occurs, the pull-in force required to install the pipe would increase to a level that would jeopardise installation with currently available equipment.
Finite-element analysis of secant pile wall installation
Authors: Bryson L. S. , Zapata-Medina D. G.
Published: August 2010

A common practice in the USA for excavation support system design is to assume that the complete support system is ‘wished in place'. This implies that the construction of the in situ wall component and the installation of the supports do not cause any movements or changes in the in situ stress state. However, the installation can cause appreciable changes in the in situ soil stress conditions, which result in significant movements in the surrounding ground. This paper presents the results of efforts to evaluate the factors that influence movements associated with excavation support wall installation, using a series of three-dimensional finite-element models. These analyses demonstrated that soil responses and the processes that produce them are three-dimensional in nature. Thus it can be concluded that fully three-dimensional analyses are required to provide insight into these complex relationships.
Predicting soil swelling behaviour from specific surface area
Authors: Yukselen-Aksoy Y. , Kaya A.
Published: August 2010

Some geotechnical index properties, such as the liquid limit, plasticity index, clay content and cation exchange capacity, have been used to predict the swelling potential of soils. However, a literature review indicates that prediction of the swelling potential of soils using these index properties is not completely successful. At the same time, the methods used to determine swelling potential are time-consuming. Thus researchers have been investigating other methods that can predict the swelling potential of soils readily and accurately. To this end, in this study the BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller equation)-N2adsorption, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) and methylene blue (MB) measured specific surface areas (SSA) are correlated with the swell index and modified free swell index of soils. The SSA and swell index of 16 remoulded and 15 undisturbed soils consisting of a wide range of mineralogy were determined. Results indicate that the correlation between the SSA and the swelling behaviour of the clayey soils examined is significant. A linear relationship is observed between the swell index, Cs, and the MB SSA: the swell index of the soils increases as the SSA increases. The correlation coefficient between the SSA and the modified free swell index (MFSI) is 0·93, indicating that the MB SSA does exert a significant influence on the swelling behaviour of clayey soils. Based on the test results obtained, a new swelling potential classification is proposed.
Mrs. Chase and Her Descendants: A Historical View of Simulation
Authors: Nickerson Michael , Pollard Melissa
Published: August 2010

“I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.” This ancient proverb written by Confucius both sums up simulation and emphasizes the educational merits of performance practice and experiential learning. The history behind simulation shows a progression not only in technological advances but, more importantly, in promoting adult learning principles and improving patient safety.
Incorporating Complexity Science Theory into Nursing Curricula
Authors: James Kia M. G.
Published: August 2010

Complexity science theory is a natural framework for nursing educators and nurse leaders to use in leading and solving complex, unpredictable problems in highly complex organizations and evolving health care systems. This article explores the basic tenets that must be embraced by nurse leaders and educators to integrate complexity science theory into nursing education curricula.
Building the Digital Future: A Conversation with Michael Beebe
Authors: Lewis-Hunstiger Marty , Beebe Michael
Published: August 2010

Marty Lewis-Hunstiger: Michael, you've been at the interface of patient care and computers for a long time—I know you were involved in the development and implementation of the electronic health record in the VA medical system and, before that, bringing computerization to a school of nursing. When and where was that?
Are Increasing 5-Year Survival Rates Evidence of Success Against Cancer? A Reexamination Using Data from the U.S. and Australia
Authors: Lichtenberg Frank R.
Published: August 2010

Previous investigators argued that increasing 5-year survival for cancer patients should not be taken as evidence of improved prevention, screening, or therapy, because they found little correlation between the change in 5-year survival for a specific tumor and the change in tumor-related mortality. However, they did not control for the change in incidence, which influences mortality and is correlated with 5-year survival. The purpose of this study was to reexamine the question of whether increasing 5-year survival rates constitute evidence of success against cancer. We estimate the relationship across cancer sites between long-run changes in population-based mortality rates and both (1) changes in 5-year relative survival rates, and (2) changes in incidence rates, using data from both the U.S. and Australia. We analyze two outcome measures, and the relationship between them: the unconditional mortality rate (number of deaths per 100,000 population), and the 5-year relative survival rate. When incidence growth is controlled for, there is a highly significant correlation, in both the U.S. and Australia, between the change in 5-year survival for a specific tumor and the change in tumor-related mortality. The increase in the relative survival rate is estimated to have reduced the unconditional mortality rate by about 15% in the U.S. between 1976 and 2002, and by about 15% in Australia between 1984 and 2001. While the change in the 5-year survival rate is not a perfect measure of progress against cancer, in part because it is potentially subject to lead-time bias, it does contain useful information; its critics may have been unduly harsh. Part of the long-run increase in 5-year cancer survival rates is due to improved prevention, screening, or therapy.
Performance Evaluation Criteria for Personal Trainers: An Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach
Authors: Chiu Wen-Yu , Lee Yuan-Duen , Lin Tsai-Yuan
Published: August 2010

Not only are personal trainers the face of the personal fitness industry, they also generate a significant portion of revenue in this multi-billion dollar business. It is therefore essential to produce the best possible personnel. In order to assist the industry in selecting the best
trainers, we developed a preliminary personal trainer evaluation system based on a survey of experts. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was then applied to the system. Of the three major dimensions – achievement, teaching, and service results – achievement results, which
include course sales and team achievement, were identified as the most important.
Turkish and Finnish Trainee Elementary Teachers' Beliefs About the Teaching Styles of University Teaching Staff
Authors: Tertemiz Neşe
Published: August 2010

The aim in this study was to identify the beliefs of Turkish and Finnish elementary trainee teachers about the teaching styles of university teaching staff; in particular, in terms of the teachers' sociolinguistic and textual competence and significant mores of university educational
culture. Data were gathered using the University Teaching Beliefs Questionnaire (Gorsuch, 2003). The findings showed that a meaningful difference occurred in the beliefs of Turkish students between the 1st to 4th years of their course, in the dimensions of sociolinguistic competence and significant
mores of university educational culture, but no such change was observed among Finnish students. When students from the 2 countries were compared according to their years of study, meaningful differences were found in their beliefs in the dimensions of sociolinguistic competence and significant
mores of university educational among 1st-year students and in the dimension of significant mores of university educational culture among 4th-year students.
Premeal Injection of Rapid-Acting Insulin Reduces Postprandial Glycemic Excursions in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Luijf Yoeri M. , van Bon Arianne C. , Hoekstra Joost B. , DeVries J. Hans
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

To assess the effect of three premeal timings of rapid-acting insulin on postprandial glucose excursions in type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Ten subjects participated in a three-way randomized crossover trial. Mean ± SD age was 45.5 ± 12.1 years, A1C was 8.55 ± 1.50%, duration of diabetes was 23.8 ± 7.8 years, and duration of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy was 8.5 ± 6.1 years. Insulin aspart was administered at 30, 15, or 0 min before mealtime.

RESULTS

Area under the curve was lower in the −15 stratum (0.41 ± 0.51 mmol/l/min) than that in the −30 stratum (1.89 ± 0.72 mmol/l/min, P = 0.029) and 0 stratum (2.11 ± 0.66 mmol/l/min, P = 0.030). Maximum glucose excursion was lower in the −15 stratum (4.77 ± 0.52 mmol/l) than that in the −30 (6.48 ± 0.76 mmol/l, P = 0.025) and 0 stratum (6.93 ± 0.76 mmol/l, P = 0.022). Peak glucose level was lower in the −15 stratum (9.26 ± 0.72 mmol/l) than that in the −30 stratum (11.74 ± 0.80 mmol/l, P = 0.007) and the 0 stratum (12.29 ± 0.93, P = 0.009). Time spent in the 3.5–10 mmol/l range was higher in the −15 stratum (224.5 ± 25.0 min) than that in the 0 stratum (90.5 ± 23.2 min, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in occurrence of glucose levels <3.5 mmol/l between strata (P = 0.901).

CONCLUSIONS

Administration of rapid-acting insulin analogs 15 min before mealtime results in lower postprandial glucose excursions and more time spent in the 3.5–10.0 mmol/l range, without increased risk of hypoglycemia.
Mannose-Binding Lectin Genotype and Phenotype in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mellbin L.G. , Hamsten A. , Malmberg K. , Steffensen R. , Rydén L. , Öhrvik J. , Hansen T.K.
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

The present study characterizes mannose-binding lectin (MBL), an activator of the complement system and thereby important for inflammatory activation, in patients with diabetes and myocardial infarction.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Serum (S)-MBL was determined at hospital admission in 387 patients with type 2 diabetes (median age 70 years; 68% male) with myocardial infarction, and genotyping was performed in 287 patients. Cardiovascular events (cardiovascular mortality and nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke) were recorded during 2.5 years.

RESULTS

Median S-MBL was 1,212 μg/l (interquartile range [IQR] 346–2,681 μg/l). Of the subjects, 54% in the geno- and phenotype subgroup had a high-coding MBL genotype (median S-MBL = 2,658 μg/l [IQR 1,715–3,829]) and 46% a low-coding MBL genotype (373 μg/l [100–765]). S-MBL did not correlate with age, BMI, creatinine clearance, glucose, or A1C. Cardiovascular events occurred in 136 (35%) patients. S-MBL did not predict events in univariable analyses (hazard ratio 0.93 [95% CI 0.85–1.01]; P = 0.09). In unadjusted analyses, the risk of events was lower in patients with a high genotype and S-MBL above the median for their genotype (0.49 [0.26–0.92]; P = 0.026) than for patients with a low genotype and S-MBL below the median for their genotype. The prediction capacity of the geno- and phenotype model was of borderline significance in adjusted Cox regression.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction have MBL genotypes that are similar to those known in the general population. The combination of a low-coding MBL genotype with a low S-MBL appears to be prognostically unfavorable, but the association is blunted by traditional risk markers.
Book Reviews
Authors: Rios-Castano Victoria , Handler Stefan , Wulff Helena
Published: August 2010

Cattell, M. and M. Schweitzer (2007) (eds), Women in Anthropology: Autobiographical Narratives and Social History (Oxford: Berg), 256 pp., Pb: £17.99, ISBN-13: 978-1-5987-4083-7.

Marranci, G. (2008), The Anthropology of Islam (Oxford: Berg), 224 pp., Pb.: £17.99, ISBN-13: 978-1-8452-0285-9.

Raykoff, I. and R. Tobin (2007) (eds), A Song for Europe: Popular Music and Politics in the Eurovision Song Contest (Aldershot: Ashgate), xxi+190 pp., Pb: £17.19, ISBN-13: 978-0-7546-5879-5.
Predictors of Childhood Intractable Epilepsy- A Retrospective Study in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Moinuddin AKM , Rahman MM , Akhter S , Kawser CA
Published: August 2010

Objective: To study the predictors of intractable childhood epilepsy and to comparethe predictors of outcome in early and late onset childhood epilepsy.Design: Retrospective study.Study place: Child Development and Neurology Unit in the Department of Paediatricsof Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU).Study period: January 2004 to December 2005.Subjects: Children with epilepsy of 1 month to 15 years of age who attended theepilepsy clinic.Results: The predictors of outcome of childhood epilepsy were analyzed. Accordingto outcome there were two groups, well- controlled group (seizure free for more than 6months) and intractable epilepsy ( one or more seizures per month over a period of 6months). The predictors of early and late onset childhood epilepsy were also compared.Total 73 cases were studied. Out of them 38 patients had early onset epilepsy (lessthan one year) and 35 had late onset epilepsy (more than one year). Median age ofonset of early and late onset of childhood epilepsy group was 3.5 months and 60months respectively. Male and female ratio was 1.53:1 and 0.94:1 in early and lateonset group respectively. Major seizure type was tonic-clonic seizure in 57.9% and77.1% patients of early and late onset group respectively. In this study, 27 (77.1%)patients of late onset and 5(13.2%) patients of early onset group achieved seizureremission. Independent predictors of intractable childhood epilepsy were finally found.Conclusion: In this study symptomatic epilepsy, myoclonic seizure, initial highfrequency of seizure, infantile spasm, neonatal seizures and birth asphyxia weresignificantly higher among early onset group than in late onset group. Early onset ofseizure, myoclonic seizure, initial high frequency of seizure (≥1 seizure/day),symptomatic etiology, neonatal seizure and microcephaly were found independentpredictors of intractable epilepsy.Key words: Early onset; late onset; intractable seizures.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i1.5669Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(1): 6-15
Pyloric Atresia- A Case Report
Authors: Hanif A , Hasina K , Hassan K , Hasanuzzaman ASM , Islam N , Hossain AZ , Talukder MQ-K
Published: August 2010

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is a common cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infant. The prevalence of IHPS ranges from 1.5 to 4.0 in 1000 live birth. But the incidence of IHPS has been increasing approximately from 1.5 to 4.0 in 1000 live birth to 1:150. Though pyloric atresia is a very uncommon cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infant but atresia in this region occurs in the form of web, membrane/diaphragm or rarely solid cord. Membrane/ diaphragm may be single or double and may be perforated or imperforated. If the size of perforation is less than 10 mm, it causes complete obstruction. We report the presentation and management of such a child. DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i1.5674Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(1): 35-36
Vitamin A Concentration in Cord and Maternal Serum and its Effects on Birth Weight
Authors: Barua Dipi , Nasrin Begum , Nahar KN , Shamim Shayela , Barua Ashim Ranjan , Begum Firoza
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Birth weight is a reliable index of intra-uterine growth and a major factordetermining child survival, future physical growth and mental development.Objectives: The present study was designed to explore the association of maternalserum as well as cord serum vitamin A level with birth weight.Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized study was carried out in Maternityand Child Health Training Institute (MCHTI), Azimpur, Dhaka during the period fromJanuary to July, 2002 on 100 healthy pregnant mothers of 38-40 weeks of gestationand on 100 new born babies born to these mothers.Results: Mean birth weight was 2804 gm (±43.1) with a range of 1600-3900 gm. Cordserum vitamin A level was 583 (±1.73) μg/dl with a range of 4.9-102.04 μg/dl, whilematernal serum vitamin A level was 53.5μg/dl (±1.5) with a range of 17.2-89.2 μg/dl.Newborn having birth weight ≥ 2500gm was found to have higher level of maternalserum vitamin A than the newborn having weight <2500gm, (54.5±1.6 μg/dl vs 49.4±3.04μg/dl, p=.06) but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significantdifference in cord serum vitamin A level between two groups of newborn (57.8±2.06μg/dl vs. 60.2±2.03 μg/dl, p=.2).Key words: Vitamin A concentration; birth weight.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i2.5676Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(2): 46-49
Perinatal HIV Infection - An Update
Authors: Ishrat Shakeela , Hussain Mohd Zahid , Alam ABM Shahidul
Published: August 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v34i1.5698Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2010; Vol.34(1): 21-24
Chondrodysplasia Punctata in a Newborn; Rhizomelic Type: A Case Report
Authors: Naher Begum Sharifun , Mannan MA , Noor Khaled , Shahidullah Md
Published: August 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v34i1.5700Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2010; Vol.34(1): 28-30
Implementing Value Added Applications in Next Generation Networks
Authors: Ho Yeh-Chin , Lin Yi-Bing , Liou Ren-Huang , Tu Yuan-Kuang
Published: August 2010

One of the major issues in the future Internet is the integration of telecom networks with the Internet. In many countries, large Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are also telecom operators that have been focusing on providing Internet services through their telecom networks with telecom-grade mechanisms. In this article, we show that IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a telecom-grade mechanism that addresses this important issue. In Next Generation Network (NGN), IMS supports IP-based multimedia services that can be accessed from various wireless and wired access technologies through fixed-mobile convergence. We show how to integrate Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) with NGN/IMS to offer enhanced IPTV services for subscribers with set-top boxes or mobile phones. We specifically describe the implementations of three services: weather forecasts, short messages on TV screens and TV shopping/food ordering for mobile users. Although these services can be directly implemented in the Internet, our commercial operation experiences indicate that the NGN/IMS implementation has advantages in terms of telecom-grade security, Quality of Service (QoS), and flexible service creation.
Una ciudad en la frontera de al-Ándalus. Maŷrīṭ
Authors: Marín Manuela
Published: August 2010

Repaso de las fuentes árabes conocidas sobre el periodo islámico de la historia de Madrid, con atención especial a las interpretaciones a que han dado lugar sobre el origen del nombre de la ciudad y su importancia dentro de la historia de al-Ándalus.
Cintas, medidas y estadales de la Virgen (Colección del Museo Nacional de Antropología)
Authors: Herradón Figueroa M. Antonia
Published: August 2010

A través de la investigación de fuentes literarias, la autora estudia las cintas, las medidas y los estadales de la Virgen María, que constituyen un destacado y a la vez desconocido capítulo de la tradición religiosa en España. En el desarrollo del tema, el estudio de las fuentes escritas se contrasta con el análisis de piezas conservadas en el Museo Nacional de Antropología de Madrid.
Consecuencias de la legislación en el consumo alimentario de lagartos. El caso del fardacho
Authors: Cantarero Luis
Published: August 2010

En este artículo se analiza el caso del fardacho, una variedad de lagarto que se cazaba y consumía en la zona de Peñalba (Huesca). En primer lugar, se describe la cultura alimentaria del fardacho y las razones que motivaron un descenso en el número de ejemplares de este animal. En segundo lugar, se analizan las consecuencias de la legislación sobre especies protegidas en el consumo de fardachos en Peñalba.
Los nombres de las redes en las «Ordenanzas de los cordoneros» (Sevilla, 24 de octubre de 1482)
Authors: García Cornejo Rosalía
Published: August 2010

Este estudio versa sobre los nombres de las redes en las «Ordenanzas de los cordoneros» (1482) de Sevilla. El objetivo capital es comparar este breve texto manuscrito con los correspondientes, ya impresos, de la Recopilación de las Ordenanças de Sevilla (1527), de la Ordenanças (1632) y del manuscrito de las Ordenanzas de Málaga ([1556] 1989). El análisis tiene por objeto fijar la forma de las palabras, establecer su etimología y realizar un recorrido a través de su historia en la lengua española. En algunos casos, ofrecemos breves notas sobre otras lenguas romances, que son esenciales para comprender no sólo la forma de las palabras sino también su significado.
Yugos cornales de Castilla y León. Estudio tipológico
Authors: Martín Criado Arturo
Published: August 2010

Los yugos con que se unce el ganado vacuno de labor son aperos muy antiguos e imprescindibles en la agricultura tradicional. En Castilla y León, como en la mayor parte de la Península Ibérica, se emplea el yugo cornal, que presenta una rica tipología geográfica, con variantes funcionales dentro de cada tipo.
La aldea fantasma: Problemas en el estudio del folklore y la cultura popular contemporáneos
Authors: Díaz G. Viana Luis
Published: August 2010

El autor ofrece un análisis de la problemática relacionada con el estudio del folklore y la cultura popular en el mundo contemporáneo, transnacional e híbrido, aparentemente distinto de lo que se suponía que era el objeto/sujeto de estudio tradicional. Sin embargo, argumenta que el tipo de leyendas urbanas que podemos recopilar hoy a través de internet no es diferente de los materiales tradicionales, tales como leyendas, juegos o costumbres; ya que de lo que hablan éstos, al igual que aquéllos, es de las preocupaciones de las personas por dar sentido a un mundo siempre cambiante y siempre en contacto.
Voces y escritura: La reflexividad en el texto etnográfico
Authors: Sánchez Carretero Cristina
Published: August 2010

Este artículo examina los problemas que surgen del paso del trabajo de campo a la elaboración de una monografía etnográfica. En concreto, las decisiones que toma la etnógrafa a la hora de encarar el proceso de escritura: qué voces se oirán en su trabajo, cómo aparecerán esas voces, cuál es su propia voz y qué relaciones se establecen entre su voz y las de sus colaboradores/informantes. Después de esbozar los cambios que ha habido en la antropología en los últimos treinta años, se ilustra la necesidad de introducir reflexivamente el yo de la etnógrafa en las monografías con un ejemplo del trabajo de campo de la autora en la República Dominicana.
Las formas del holismo. La construcción teórica de la totalidad en etnografía
Authors: Díaz de Rada Ángel
Published: August 2010

La búsqueda de la totalidad, el holismo, es una de las intenciones básicas de la investigación etnográfica. Este artículo examina la problemática del holismo a través de la revisión de las variadas formas de la totalidad en el desarrollo de la antropología. Los pretextos para este examen se encuentran en Tylor, Malinowski, Mauss, Dumont, Fernandez y Marcus. Estas diversas imágenes de totalidad muestran hasta qué punto la aspiración metodológica del holismo está determinada por los modelos teóricos y morales de la cultura.
El bizutage: ritual y reproducción social en la enseñanza superior francesa
Authors: Leflaive Gabrielle
Published: August 2010

El artículo es un estudio del bizutage, conjunto ritualizado de novatadas practicado hasta hace poco en un sector específico de la enseñanza superior francesa: el de las ''prepas" y las ''Grandes Ecoles". Tras analizar las características de este sistema de enseñanza y su historia, y tras una interpretación de los elementos simbólicos y sociales del bizutage —espacio, tiempo, actores, lenguaje, pruebas y castigos—, se muestra que el ritual constituía una verdadera iniciación con sus tres partes bien definidas: separación, margen y agregación; una iniciación que permitía la reproducción social de unas relaciones de dominación basadas en los títulos de las Grandes Ecoles, la perpetuación de una élite y la creación de una "distinción". El debate en torno a la reciente prohibición del bizutage revela cómo se oculta la verdadera naturaleza del sistema de enseñanza de las Grandes Ecoles —es decir, su elitismo social— al presentar la selección que lo caracteriza como basada en criterios "naturales" de capacidad intelectual y esfuerzo individual.
Tiempo, memoria e identidad personal
Authors: Pazos Álvaro
Published: August 2010

En el análisis de los relatos orales y escritos de los antiguos niños españoles evacuados a la URSS durante la Guerra de España, el autor intenta problematizar el modo como tiempo, memoria e identidad personal se entrelazan en tales relatos, proponiendo un acercamiento sociológico, relativamente autónomo respecto del que podría hacer la historia o la psicología. El análisis pone de manifiesto que la dinámica subjetiva en la que se contextualizan los discursos de estas personas —los modos de hablar sobre el pasado, el presente, el futuro, la vida, etc.— define estos discursos, no tanto por la coherencia o el logro o el intento de conseguir una unidad sintética, una narración bien estructurada sacada de una memoria individual sobre el pasado, cuanto por las disrupciones, contradicciones y aporías en las que con frecuencia divaga y se demora el relato, elementos todos que remiten a la problemática social y subjetiva del presente de estos antiguos niños.
Turquismos en un manuscrito de medicina o farmacología terapéutica en hebreo y judeoespañol (s. XIX)
Authors: Romeu Ferré Pilar
Published: August 2010

Estudio lexicográfico de parte de la terminología turca que se incluye en el manuscrito Libro de remedios y medicamentos (en hebreo y judeoespañol), número 340 de la primera serie de la colección Fírcovitch (Biblioteca Nacional de Rusia, antigua Biblioteca Pública Saltykov-Schedrín de Leningrado). El Libro contiene, tanto prescripciones médico-farmacológicas, como segulot (curas o encantamientos) que, entre la magia y la tradición, forman parte del acervo cultural sefardí.
Viajar a España en la primera mitad del siglo XIX: Una aventura lejos de la civilización
Authors: Vega Jesusa
Published: August 2010

El cambio de mentalidad entre el viajero ilustrado y el romántico transformó la experiencia de viajar por España y la imagen que se tenía de ella en el exterior. A la vez, el lento desarrollo del país hizo que se pudieran vivir experiencias imposibles en los lugares de origen de esos viajeros, debido al desarrollo de los medios de comunicación. En este estudio se da una aproximación a la situación de España y la vivencia de ésta por parte de los visitantes foráneos antes de que se establecieran las rutas turísticas como consecuencia del acelerado proceso de modernización que tuvo lugar a partir de mediados de siglo, subrayando los aspectos principales que conllevaba esa aventura de viajar al pasado.
Cuando la realidad supera a la ficción. Los Naufragios de Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
Authors: Jiménez Núñez Alfredo
Published: August 2010

El autor se refiere a la Relación que escribió Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca a poco de su primer regreso de América —popularmente conocida como Naufragios— como un texto básico para plantear la frágil línea que delimita la literatura y la realidad. A partir de dicha fuente destaca el posible valor de los textos literarios como documentos etnográficos útiles para el análisis antropológico, así como la cuestión de la veracidad y credibilidad de los textos, la diferencia entre realidad y ficción, si sólo puede ser verdad y creíble lo que es real, y si sólo los hechos reales pueden ser objeto de la antropología. Como una manera de llevar hasta sus extremos estos condicionantes, propone la posibilidad de que la realidad supere a la ficción y resulte a primera vista menos creíble que la propia ficción.
La novela autobiográfica de Mohammed Chukri como fuente para una etnografía de la pobreza urbana en Marruecos
Authors: Castaño Madroñal Ángeles
Published: August 2010

El Pan Desnudo fue la primera novela del escritor marroquí Mohammed Chukri. El propio autor la ha definido como una novela autobiográfica. En ella se narran las peripecias de un chiquillo de origen rifeño que emigra con su familia desde una zona rural rifeña a Tánger, donde se ubican en un barrio marginal de la ciudad. Se plantea a través del análisis de esta obra la validez de este tipo de textos literarios como fuente etnográfica de una realidad social existente en los barrios marginales de las grandes urbes marroquíes. En el análisis se parte de la hipótesis de una etnoliteratura que nace de las fuentes literarias y permite un acercamiento etnográfico a la realidad social. La etnoliteratura se revelaría como una útil fuente de conocimiento cultural, previo al trabajo etnográfico, así como una herramienta para la comparación transcultural y el análisis antropológico.
«Tú que pitas, pitarás», de frase proverbial a chiste de isidros
Authors: Fernández San Emeterio Gerardo
Published: August 2010

Como complemento de una encuesta léxica realizada por el autor, que incluye también varios ejemplos de cuentos folklóricos, se analizan los diferentes usos y significados de la frase «tú pitarás» y «pitar», tal y como aparece en autores importantes de la literatura española del siglo XIX y en algunos novelistas españoles e hispanoamericanos del siglo XX.
Las fiestas de vecindad en la Palma de Mallorca del siglo XIX
Authors: Llompart Gabriel
Published: August 2010

A través de documentación municipal —solicitudes de permisos para la celebración de fiestas vecinales en Palma de Mallorca— entre 1860 y 1918, se analizan elementos festivos de vecindad, algunos de ellos vigentes desde época medieval y otros de nueva incorporación, dibujando así una época y una sociedad.
Perigo do auto-tratamento da apnéia obstrutiva do sono com CPAP
Authors: Prado Gilmar Fernandes do
Published: August 2010

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Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida de idosos submetidos à Fisioterapia Aquática
Authors: Fibra Thaís , Sá Tatiana Sacchelli Tupinambá Fernandes de , Fontes Sissy Veloso , Driusso Patrícia , Prado Gilmar Fernandes do
Published: August 2010

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida de idosos, antes e após um programa de fisioterapia aquática. Métodos: A amostra era composta de 20 voluntários, entre 65 e 80 anos, com um período de tratamento de fisioterapia aquática de 12 semanas consecutivas (24 sessões), na Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (UMESP). Esses idosos foram avaliados respondendo a um question ário específico para avaliação da qualidade de vida . o WHOQOL . Bref. Resultados: Foi observada uma melhora na qualidade de vida em todos os pacientes, sendo estatisticamente significante o domínio psicológico do WHOQOL - Bref. Conclusão: Conclui-se que um programa de fisioterapia aquática pode trazer benefícios à saúde, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos idosos.
Clustering climate reconstructions
Authors: Bürger G.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A systematic coherence analysis is presented for the set of the most prominent millennial reconstructions of northern hemispheric temperature. The large number of mutual coherences underwent a clustering analysis that revealed five significant, mutually incoherent ("inconsistent") clusters. The use of multiple proxies seems to be causing the clustering, at least in part, but not in an easily definable, physical way. Alternatively, a multidimensional scaling is performed on the same set of coherences. This results in a graphic, two-dimensional rendering of the reconstructions whose geometry (location and distance) is given by the coherences. Both approaches offer complementary ways in dealing with the inconsistencies.