bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peirce’s Semiotics Study of the Chronicle of Devotion Painting of Agus Putu Suyadnya
Authors: Ulfah Anindia Amalia , Pamadhi Hadjar , Martono .
Published: March 2021

Artworks, especially painting, are the second language or visual language of an artist for expressing their ideas. Therefore, through this paper, the writer tried to examine a painting entitled, “The Chronicle of Devotion” using the Charles Sanders Peirce Semiotics approach (Icons, Indexes and Symbols). The results of this study show that the studied painting is a visual form of artists representing the spirit of heroism and legendary sacrifice originating from Bali known as Kebo Iwa, interpreted as Uncle Buffalo. Through Pierce’s semiotics study and approach, the writer described the icons, indexes, and symbols of the painting. The icons describe the visual objects depicted realistically in the painting, such as the buffalo and the bird; the indexes are explained in the object that is outlined as a large and burly male knight; and the symbols are visually explained through colouring, expression, and property portrayed by the main object.
Keywords: semiotics, Charles Sanders Peirce, The Chronicle of Devotion, Kebo Iwa
The Process of Noun Formation in Slang Language Used in Pematang Karangan Hilir Village in Tapin District
Authors: Aswadi Dana , Kasmilawati Isna
Published: March 2021

Language is a daily communication tool. The Banjar Hulu language is a language used by the people of Pematang Karangan Hilir Village, in Tapin Regency. However, this is not the only language used by this community. When the conversation is considered confidential or limited to their group, they turn into a “secret language,” formed by adding certain suffixes to form new words. The purpose of this study was to determine the shape and process of forming the secret language (classified as slang/clandestine language) in the form of nouns in Pematang Karangan Hilir Village. The study used a qualitative method, and data in the form of utterance used in the conversation in the village of Pematang Karangan Hilir were collected using recording and analysed to find out the forms and process of forming the slang. The results show the process of words formation by following criteria: (1) slang in the form of nouns were found in (i) single, (ii) affixed, and (iii) repetition forms; (2) The process of forming slang in the form of nouns was found with the formation patterns (i) ja + s.nt, (ii) ja + s.nt + p, (iii) ja + s.nb, (iv) ja + s.nt + ja + s. nt, and (v) ja + s.nt + ja + s.nt + p.
Keywords: slang languages, forms, formation processes
The Effect of Literature As Authentic Materials for Writing Essays in A Blended Learning Setting
Authors: Setyowati Lestari , Sukmawan Sony , El-Sulukiyyah Ana Ahsana
Published: March 2021

The current situation of teaching and learning process has undergone a drastic change during the COVID-19 outbreak. The conventional classroom meeting is no longer available because of the pandemic. As a result, the classroom interaction is blended with the online learning model until the end of the semester. In a blended learning setting, teachers are forced to be innovative to reach the instructional objectives. As most learning is done online, the use of authentic materials is considered relevant to the current situation. Many authentic materials are available online. Yet, there is no sufficient information on whether the authentic materials can improve college students’ ability in writing essays in a blended learning setting. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of literary genre as authentic materials on students’ writing performance. As such, this research uses an experimental design. The target population of the study was all fourth-year students of the English Education Study Program, Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, University of PGRI Wiranegara, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. Samples were employed using a systematic random design. The treatment was conducted in 14 meetings between March and June 2020. The main instruments used to collect data were pre-test and post-test. The students’ writing was rated by two ratings using the Jacobs ESL-Composition Profile. The result of the one-sample t-test computation using the IBM SPSS 25 showed that there is a significant difference in the students’ writing performance before and after the treatment (α = 0.00 < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of authentic materials in literary genre can improve the student’s ability in writing essays.
Keywords: authentic materials, literature, essay, effect
The Impact of Health Education Using Online Learning on Adolescent Knowledge of Anaemia
Authors: Lestari Kustati Budi , Dwi Lestari Intan Fauzia , Santoso Iman
Published: March 2021

Anaemia is currently still a global health problem. About 26.8% of Indonesian adolescents suffer from anaemia. Most of them do not realize that they suffer from anaemia, neither do they understand the effects of it; this, therefore, warrants a need for health education by utilizing online technology. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of health education through online learning on the knowledge level of adolescents about anaemia. This study is quasi-experiment research with a pretest–posttest using a control-group design. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling, with a total of 36 respondents who were divided into control and intervention groups. The respondents were screened using the Haemoglobin Test Strip Monitoring System and data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis in this study used the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests. The results showed that there was an increase in the mean knowledge value of anaemic adolescents (p < 0.05) based on the Wilcoxon test results, while based on the Mann–Whitney test, there was no difference between the intervention and control groups (p > 0.05). Health education through online learning media can be given to adolescents because through these media, adolescents can quickly get information related to anaemia anywhere and anytime, and there is a need for active interaction during activities.
Keywords: online learning, health education, anaemia, adolescents
Aesthetical Transformation of Ramayana Performing Arts in Indonesia and Thailand
Authors: Hidajat Robby , Pujiyanto . , Jamnongsam Surasak , Hasyimy Muhammad ‘Afaf
Published: March 2021

Over the years, the methods of preserving traditional performing arts have undergone a transformation in many states of Southeast Asia. In that, the performing art societies in Indonesia and Thailand have also made a shift in their conservation strategy from organizing the performing arts as a sacred rite with few participants to massive shows to entertain bigger audiences. This research intended to review the role of Maecenas (art protector) in enforcing the existence of Ramayanaperforming arts in three destinations in Indonesia and Thailand, namely Uluwatu’s Kecak Ramayana in Bali and Prambanan’s RamayanaBallet in Central Java, both located in Indonesia, and Khon Theater in Bangkok, Thailand. The research used a qualitative descriptive method with a functional theory approach. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and document review, following which they were analysed through interpretation. The result of the research showed that the aesthetical transformation of Ramayana performing arts in Indonesia and Thailand is determined by three factors, namely locality, time, and management.
Keywords: performing arts, Ramayana, art protector, conservation
Developing Reading Literacy through Parent–Teacher Partnership Program in Indonesian Primary Schools
Authors: Sahiruddin Sahiruddin , Herminingrum Sri
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper was to explore the reading literacy programs of Indonesian primary schools and examine the parent–teacher collaborations in dealing with the students’ reading literacy development in Bahasa Indonesia. Eight teachers with an average of five-year teaching experience from two primary schools and forty-six parents of four-grade students were interviewed to investigate the reading literacy practices and parent–teacher collaborations. The study revealed that the reading literacy practices in the investigated classroom or at school levels include 15-minute reading before the lesson, story-sharing, book content rewriting, and book summary writing. Book swap or book exchange program, classroom mini library, and weekly library visit some activities used to facilitate the students’ reading development. Regarding the parent–teacher partnership in facilitating or monitoring students’ reading literacy development, parent–teacher conferences (where teachers and parents discussed issues regarding students’ behaviour, progress and achievement), parenting and literacy workshops and outreach activities were conducted. In addition, parent–teacher communication books and parent–teacher online social media groups were also found to be effective and efficient in monitoring and developing students’ reading literacy. All teachers generally agreed that active parental support towards children’s education brought about children’s academic achievement. Some challenges in literacy development and their pedagogical implication at the primary education level were also discussed.
Keywords: reading literacy, reading development, parent-teacher partnership
Desenvolvimento profissional docente: reflexões a partir de trajetórias de professores de Física
Authors: Nascimento Wilson Elmer , Barolli Elisabeth
Published: March 2021

Dada a importância de se compreender os condicionantes contextuais que podem influenciar o desenvolvimento profissional docente, este trabalho investigou as trajetórias de três professores de Física. A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, organizamos o campo de análise, reconstruindo as trajetórias dos professores, articulando os aspectos que compuseram suas aprendizagens em diferentes contextos. Nossos resultados evidenciaram o desenvolvimento profissional desses professores em diversas dimensões, tais como: atualização nos conhecimentos científicos e pedagógicos, organização e condução do ensino, sustentação da aprendizagem dos alunos, investigação da própria prática e planejamento da carreira profissional. Concluímos que a análise de trajetórias docentes torna-se mais efetiva por oferecer uma visão mais pormenorizada e orgânica sobre a formação de professores, expressando, assim, a importância e necessidade do professor vivenciar uma diversidade de contextos para sua formação contínua.
The Externalist Trajectory of the Development of Law: Utilitarianism or Eudemonism?
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Private and Public Law of the Penza State University PhD (Law), Likhter Pavel L.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the importance of externalist and internalist approaches for the formation of an optimal strategy for the development of legal science in modern conditions. Some aspects of interaction of law with economics, ethics, politics and other spheres of public relations are considered. Special attention is paid to the influence of eudaimonism, utilitarianism and other consequential concepts on the legal institutions. It is concluded that the externalist path of development is promising, provided that the narrow utilitarian realization of the ideals and economic prerequisites of consumer capitalism is abandoned.
The Establishment of Theoretical Bases for the Rule of the People in the Medieval Theological Tradition: Genealogy of the Constitutional Law Doctrine
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Theory of State and Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law of the South Ural State University (National Research University) PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Zenin Sergey S.
Published: March 2021

The proposed article makes an attempt at a study of the processes of the origination and development of theoretical bases for the idea of the rule of the people in the medieval theological tradition. The author systematically analyzes the systems of ideas of Aurelius Augustinus, Thomas Aquinas, Manegold of Lautenbach, John of Salisbury and other thinkers. The paper notes that the development of the rule of the people doctrine in the medieval theological tradition has secured the establishment of a theoretical framework. The idea of the rule of the people is developed during the studied period taking into account two interdependent tendencies. On the one hand, it is drawn up as the main argument in justification of derivativeness and limitation of the monarch’s secular authorities. On the other hand, it is established as a theoretical basis of a new legitimate ground for the king’s rule.
The Activities of the Leningrad People’s Oversight Committee in the Latter Half of the 1960s: Prospects and Issues
Authors:   Head of the Department of Humanities of the V.B. Bobkov Saint Petersburg Branch of the Russian Customs Academy PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Koloshinskaya Natalya V.
Published: March 2021

Some of the courses of action of the Leningrad People’s Oversight Committee, which became the successor of the City Committee for Party and State Control in the mid-1960s, are described in the paper on the basis of archive sources and periodicals. The most effective approaches, forms and methods of fieldwork of both the Committee itself and individual authorities on the implementation of oversight functions, primarily in industrial production, are described in this paper. Attention is devoted to the analysis of the reasons for some blunders and omissions in organization and conduct of verification and oversight actions of Leningrad People’s Oversight Committee’s authorities in the second half of 1960s.
The Relationship between Inquiry Learning Model and Students’ Information Literacy Skills at SMP Negeri 5 Banjarmasin on Classification of Living Things
Authors: Rasyida Lucky Aprilia , Istiyadji Maya , Sauqina Sauqina
Published: March 2021

One of the goals of Gerakan Literasi Sekolah was to develop the information literacy skills needed by students to be more critical in receiving and using information because along with the progress of the information age it becomes infinite. This study aims to determine the relationship between inquiry learning models and information literacy of students at SMP Negeri 5 Banjarmasin on the classification of living things. This research is a quasi experiment that uses 7th grade as a population and the sample is selected based on purposive sampling. The data were collected by tests (pretest and posttest) and assessments on student worksheets. The analysis technique used: 1) paired t-test to determine differences in the test results of each class. 2) Unpaired t-test to determine the difference in postest between two classes. 3) correlation test to determine the relationship between the two variables. The results show that there is a significant increase in the test scores in the experimental class of 36.7 and 23.7 in the control class and the postest score of the experimental class is greater 2.97. The correlation test show that percentage of the relationship between the two variables is 88.6%, this means that inquiry learning models has a positive effect on students' information literacy skills.Abstrak Gerakan literasi Sekolah yang digagas oleh pemerintah memiliki tujuan salah satunya yaitu mengembangkan kemampuan literasi informasi yang diperlukan siswa agar menjadi lebih kritis dalam menerima maupun menggunakan informasi karena, seiring dengan kemajuan zaman informasi menjadi tak terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hasil pembelajaran inkuiri dengan literasi informasi siswa di SMPN 5 Banjarmasin pada materi klasifikasi makhluk hidup. Penelitian ini merupakan quasi experiment yang menggunakan seluruh kelas 7 sebagai populasi dan sampel dipilih berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes (pretest dan posttest) serta dilakukan penilaian terhadap hasil kerja siswa selama pembelajaran berlangsung. Tahap analisis data diantaranya: 1) uji-t berpasangan untuk mendapatkan perbedaan pretest dan postest masing-masing kelas. 2) Uji-t tidak berpasangan untuk mengetahui perbedaan postest kedua kelas. 3) uji korelasi untuk mengetahui hubungan model pembelajaran inkuiri dengan keterampilan literasi informasi siswa. Adapun dari hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan skor pretest ke postest pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 36,7 dan 23,7 pada kelas kontrol serta terdapat perbedaan nilai postest kelas ekperimen sebesar 2,97 lebih besar dari kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan uji korelasi, persentase hubungan pembelajaran inkuiri dengan keterampilan literasi informasi yaitu 88,6% sehingga hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran inkuiri berpengaruh positif terhadap keterampilan literasi informasi siswa.
Internal Mobility of Researchers in Japan and China
Authors: Kirichenko I. , Onischenko I.
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to problems of internal mobility of researchers in China and Japan. Internal mobility is an important mechanism that supports transfer of knowledge from universities to industry. That is why it is important to study trends, factors of the development and forms of internal mobility in order to see if the experience of these countries could help to build efficient NIS in Russia. The two Asian countries have similar problems: the mobility of researchers is limited by specific features of their labor markets. Both try to overcome these barriers in order to construct efficient schemes of collaboration between universities and industry. In this article this process is considered in the context of the Triple Helix concept. The aim is to understand the role of all of the Helix’ elements – government, universities and industry – in the promotion of the internal mobility. Without adequate institutional basis universities and industry cannot arrange the mobility of researchers because their individual interests do not coincide with the interests of organizations to cooperate. Government should build this basis. For instance, it is essential to reform Japan’s pension system which currently stimulates academician researchers to stay in university during their whole working life. With the main prerequisites provided by the government the organizations can create their own schemes to motivate researchers becoming mobile. Such schemes include different organizational forms of cooperation. In particular, joint enterprises, motivating instruments such as wages and bonuses, administrative regulations. For instance some of universities in China permit professors to use 20% of working hours to consult industry. The authors analyze the measures that the governments of two countries undertake to build institutional basis of internal mobility of researchers and the reaction of universities and industry to such initiatives. The article also tries to show strengths and weaknesses of instruments that use organizations to motivate the mobility of researchers working for them. Acknowledgement. The research is supported by grant RHF № 13-03-00089, 2013-2015.
Genetic Engineering Activity: Analysis of International and Russian Legislative Base
Authors: Shestibratov K. , Chubugina I. , Zavriev S.
Published: March 2021

The development and ratification of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter the Protocol) by 167 countries was a significant event in the sphere of international legal regulation of genetic engineering activity (GEA). The Protocol came into effect on September 11, 2003. The Protocol is the main starting point of the legislative base building in the GEA field for a number of countries, including all EU countries, China and Brazil. The US and Russia have not ratified the Cartagena Protocol. The main principle underlying the European concepts of GEA regulation and risk assessment is the «precautionary principle». On the contrary, the American concept of GEA regulation and risk assessment is based on another concept: the biotechnology methodology itself doesn't create new risks to human health and environment. In this regard, the state regulates the process of GMOs creating and estimates the produced products. In Russian Federation, the legislative basis in the sphere of GEA regulation is poorly developed. Obviously, first and foremost Russia will have to decide on which basis the normative legal regulation for the use of GMOs should be built: on the Cartagena Protocol or on its own system, for example, in the framework of the Customs Union. Acknowledgment. The works were executed under fi nancial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of projects no. 14.512.11.120 as of October 10, 2013, no. 14.M04.12.0009 as of June 27, 2014 and no. 14.616.21.0013 as of September 17, 2014.
Germany and France: to Concordance for the Sake of Europe?
Authors: Biryukov S.
Published: March 2021

The paper refers to the development of German-French relations in the context of the United Europe building process, examines historical and sociological background of their present-day condition. It contains the comparative analysis of the sources of discrepancies between German and French political strategies. The author also makes an attempt to analyze the role of these relations in the «German question» transformation. The study investigates the history of territorial evolution of Germany in the 19-20th centuries that prevented consolidation of citizens as well as structuring and creating of institutions. It is concluded that only the convergence of German and French approaches on European politics can help overcome the current crisis of the EU integration mechanisms. Two countries have established a new foundation for cooperation which puts an end to centuries of rivalry between them. But the convergence of their political and economic systems remains a promised task. The prospects of this partnership are considered in the light of Germany's new «European mission».
Regulation of Deposit Interest Rates in Hong Kong
Authors: Leonov M.
Published: March 2021

In 1960s, the regulation of deposit interest rate was introduced to maintain stability of the banking system in Hong Kong. Local regulatory mechanism was characterized by direct involvement of banks into determination of the maximum level of interest rates. As deposit rates might be fixed at below market equilibrium level, banks were unbounded to earn rents at the expense of undrawn interest payments to depositors. Unlike to people in other countries, the depositors in Hong Kong had limited access to alternative investment opportunities like mutual funds or deposit institutions. As long as retail deposits were accounted for a significant share of borrowed funds, Hong Kong Association of Banks developed some incentives to discipline banks: in particular, if bank offered deposits with above the maximum permissible rate, it could be excluded from the national clearing and settlement infrastructure. The binding level of rates led to the emergence of new financial products (swap-deposits and NOW accounts) because banks tried to retain dissatisfied customers. To avoid the negative consequences of rate regulation on industry competition and allocation of financial resources within the economy, Hong Kong Monetary Authority took decision to liberalize deposit rates using gradual reform approach in the mid-1990s – early 2000s. The deregulation caused the significant reduction of gap between deposit and market rates and that evidence gave support to the idea of restrictive nature of regulation regime in Hong Kong. At the time of increasing competition in the deposit market, banks were able to increase operating efficiency and maintain profitability. The main benefits were obtained by banks with risky business model that attracted retail deposits to increase the scope of activity. Deposit rate liberalization helped to improve the efficiency of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. As banks more actively responded to the market situation by adjusting interest rates, the monetary policy actions increased influence on the investment and savings behavior of economic agents. Finally, intensified interest rate competition among banks resulted into the growth of depositors’ welfare, contributing to the sustainable socio-economic development of Hong Kong.
Rise of the Kurdistan Factor in Regional Geopolitics
Authors: Ivanov S.
Published: March 2021

This article explores a general situation in the Middle East as well as the role and value of Kurds in regional geopolitics. The author concludes that in the context of a growing threat of the radical Islamists take-over in a number of the Middle East states, the ISIS strengthening, the incitement of a widespread armed conflict between Sunni and Shia communities, and a tendency towards Syria and Iraq territories turning into the area for an open confrontation between regional centers of power, the Kurds intrinsically become a "Third Force" and play an increasingly important role in stabilizing the military-political situation both in each country of their compact settlements and in the region as a whole. The 40-million strong Kurdish nation, divided by borders of four states, preserves its language, rich spiritual and cultural heritage, manners and customs (and hangs on to its age-old dream to create an independent state). The main attention is paid to the Iraqi Kurdistan as to an advance party of the Kurdish national movement. Today, the Kurdish region of Iraq has all attributes of the state, successfully carries out foreign policy and economic activity. The author notes an important role of Erbil as an intermediary in resolving inter-Arab contradictions in Iraq, for the unity of Kurds in Syria, for a peaceful solution of the Kurdish problem in Turkey. A very important statement is the potential of Iraqi Kurdistan to turn into a national and cultural center of all Kurdish people, and to proclaim an independent state on the North of Iraq, if necessary.
Integration of Manufacturing, Science and Education as a Basis for the Re-Industrialization of Russia
Authors: Bodrunov S.
Published: March 2021

The article investigates the problems that Russian industry has encountered during the period of economic reforms. The author explores the reasons for the competitiveness decrease and contradictions that hinder the modernization of the domestic industry. Based on the analysis the principal concept is posed of the need in the implementation of the strategy of re-industrialization in Russia on a new technological basis. The basic directions of re-industrialization, the mechanisms of its implementation, as well as the impact on import substitution are considered. Substantial attention is paid to the risks inherent in a re-industrialization of Russia and the ways to overcome them. In recent years, geo-political and geo-economic challenges to the Russian economy and society greatly exacerbated the contradictions that emerged in the previous decades of economic evolution. During a long period of time the country tried to implement an economic policy intended, in principle, at achieving the strategic goal of creating a modern socially-oriented market economy on the base of modernization. However, the practical tools for implementation of this course – first of all, the ideology of “market fundamentalism” combined with the remaining powerful black market and “hand steering” by the government – caused stagnation and further de-industrialization of the country with inevitably negative implications for the manufacturing, science, education, human capital. Most recently, the Russian economy faced additional problems, namely, the Western sanctions, world economic slump and decline in world oil prices. That is why significant changes in the objectives and tools of economic policy are so urgent.
THE NEXUS AMONG TOURISM, URBANISATION AND CO2 EMISSIONS IN SOUTH ASIA: A PANEL ANALYSIS
Authors: Amin Sakib Bin , Atique Mahnaz Aftabi
Published: March 2021

Purpose – Tourism and urbanisation are two significant determinants of economic growth and have been identified as top contributors to CO2 emissions. We examine the nexus among tourism, urbanisation, and CO2 emissions in South Asia by providing empirical evidence using panel data analysis. Design – Annual data from 1995-2019 is collected from the World Development Indicator 2020 for five South Asian countries: Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Pakistan. Methodology – Durbin-Hausman panel cointegration and LM Bootstrap panel cointegration tests are conducted to check long-run cointegration. Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test is used to detect causal relationship among the variables. Moreover, the PDOLS, PMG ARDL, c-up FMOLS and Generalised Linear Model are used to estimate long-run coefficients of the variables. Findings – We reveal unidirectional causalities running from urbanisation to tourism, urbanisation to CO2 emissions, and tourism to CO2 emissions. Additionally, when heterogeneity of the variables is taken into account, both tourism and urbanisation show positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions in the long-run. Originality of the Research – To our knowledge, no previous study investigates the relationship among tourism, urbanisation and CO2 emissions is South Asia. Our results will guide policy makers to design policies that will promote urbanisation and tourism growth in an environmentally sustainable way.
Relative Dating of Moraines from the Arid Part of Altai: Applying of Rock Weathering and Colonization by Biota Data within the Framework of the Method
Authors: Ganyushkin Dmitrii A. , Lesovaya Sofya N. , Vlasov Dmitrii Y. , Kopitsa Gennady P. , Almásy László , Chistyakov Kirill V. , Panova Elena G. , Derkach Ekaterina , Alekseeva Anastasiya
Published: March 2021

For the Altai mountainous region, especially the arid south-eastern part, the history of glacier fluctuations in Pleistocene and Holocene is still poorly known. The key plots were located in the Kargy valley (2288-2387 m a. s. l.) that is not currently affected by glaciations. The relative dating method was applied to define Pleistocene moraine chronology and configuration in the Kargy valley. Taking into account that relative dating methods are primarily based on weathering pat-terns, the mineralogy, porosity, and specificity of biological colonization as an agent of weath-ering were obtained for the moraine samples. Three moraine groups of different age (presumably MIS 6, MIS 4, and MIS 2) were identifies based on detailed investigation of morphological features. The moraine age was indirectly confirmed by the mesostructure of the moraine samples repre-sented by fine-grained shale: the older sample is characterized by a more developed fractal sur-face than the younger one. The growth of biota (crustose lichen and micromycetes) leads to initial biomass accumulation and subsequent rock disintegration. The accumulation of autochthonous fine earth on the rock surface was considered the initial stage of fine earth formation affected by biota.
Biochemical Background in Mitochondria Affects 2HG Production by IDH2 and ADHFE1 in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Špačková Jitka , Gotvaldová Klára , Dvořák Aleš , Urbančoková Alexandra , Pospíšilová Kateřina , Větvička David , Leguina-Ruzzi Alberto Andrés , Tesařová Petra , Vítek Libor , Ježek Petr , Smolková Katarína
Published: March 2021

Mitochondrial production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG) can be catalyzed by wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase, iron-containing 1 (ADHFE1). We investigated whether biochemical background and substrate concentration in breast cancer cells promote 2HG production. To estimate its role in 2HG production, we analyzed 2HG levels and its enantiomers in breast cancer cells using analytical approaches for metabolomics. By manipulation of mitochondrial substrate fluxes, including glutaminolysis, using genetic and pharmacological approaches we demonstrated the existence of an active competition between 2HG producing enzymes, i.e. IDH2 and ADHFE1. Moreover, we show that distinct fractions of IDH2 enzyme molecules operate in distinct oxido-reductive modes, providing NADPH and producing 2HG simultaneously. We have also detected 2HG release into breast cancer patient´s urine undergoing adjuvant therapy and detected a correlation with stages of breast carcinoma development. In summary, we provide a background for vital mitochondrial production of 2HG in breast cancer cells with outcomes towards cancer biology and possible future diagnosis of breast carcinoma.
A Comparison of Estimation Methods for the Rasch Model
Authors: Robitzsch Alexander
Published: March 2021

The Rasch model is one of the most prominent item response models. In this article, different item parameter estimation methods for the Rasch model are compared through a simulation study. The type of ability distribution, the number of items, and sample sizes were varied. It is shown that variants of joint maximum likelihood estimation and conditional likelihood estimation are competitive to marginal maximum likelihood estimation. However, efficiency losses of limited-information estimation methods are only modest. It can be concluded that in empirical studies using the Rasch model, the impact of the choice of an estimation method with respect to item parameters is almost negligible for most estimation methods. Interestingly, this sheds a somewhat more positive light on old-fashioned joint maximum likelihood and limited information estimation methods.
Implementasi Aplikasi Games pada Mata Kuliah Pengembangan Minat Baca dan Tulis
Authors: Nurmalia Laily , Lutfi Lutfi , Urmadi Hernita
Published: March 2021

Media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi salah satunya aplikasi game kahoot banyak digunakan pengajar dan peserta didik yang bermanfaat serta digunakan oleh seluruh jenjang dari Sekolah Dasar hingga Perguruan Tinggi terutama saat ini yang sedang dilanda pandemic covid-19. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengimplementasi aplikasi games pada mata kuliah Pengembangan Minat Baca dan Tulis. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara dengan objek penelitian yakni mahasiswa semester 6 PGSD UMJ. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa aplikasi games Kahoot efektif digunakan oleh mahasiswa pada mata kuliah pengembangan minat baca dan tulis
Sistem Daring Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh sebagai Realisasi Merdeka Belajar di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Sutisno Aliet Noorhayati , Nurdiyanti Dewi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian kualitiatif dengan teknik survey ini merupakan tindakan pengukuran untuk memperoleh informasi tentang ketahanan daring dosen PGSD Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon dalam situasi pandemi covid-19. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif, data yang diperoleh dianalisis dan dideskripsikan. Sample dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 dosen. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket yang bertujuan untuk menjaring data ketahanan daring dosen PGSD. Seluruh sampel penelitian menunjukkan ketahanan daring yang baik dengan indicator meliputi 3 aspek standar ketahanan daring seorang dosen, yakni: keberlangsungan pembelajaran di 85% kewajibannya dalam kegiatan belajra mengajar (KBM) tatap muka, keragaman/variasi pembelajaran sebagai representasi keterampilan mengelola kelas virtual dan aspek enjoyment menjadi standar actual mengcover tuntutan perubahan pola pembelajaran di tengah situasi pandemic seperti sekarang ini. Data ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran yang merupakan epistemology manusia dalam mewadahi tumbuh dan mengembangkan dirinya, mampu dijalankan pihak civitas akademik di lingkungan Program Study Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon meski di tengah situasi pandemi seperti sekarang ini sebagai realisasi merdeka belajar.
Improve Student Learning Outcomes in Multiplication Learning Mixed Fractions Using Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Model
Authors: Mardiyani Anisa , Suryana Yusuf , Febriani Winarti Dwi
Published: March 2021

The problem in this study was the low student learning outcomes in mathematics learning the subject of multiplication of mixed fractions in class V. The purpose of this study was to see an increase in student learning outcomes in learning mixed fraction multiplication using the TGT learning model in class V SDN 2 Cigembor, Ciamis District, Regency. Ciamis. The population in the study were 30 grade students of SDN 2 Cigembor. The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research Methods (PTK) according to Kemmis and Mc. Taggart which consists of four stages: planning, implementing, observing, reflecting. This research was conducted in two cycles. The instruments used in this study were evaluation instruments, teacher performance instruments, and student activity instruments. Based on the results of the evaluation test data from cycle I to cycle II, it shows that in the first cycle the average student learning outcomes were 74.40 and learning completeness was 57%, while in the second cycle the average student learning outcomes were 79.83 and completeness learn by 87%. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the use of the TGT learning model can improve student learning outcomes in the multiplication of mixed fractions in class V SDN 2 Cigembor, Ciamis District, Ciamis Regency, Academic Year 2019/2020.
APAKAH STANDAR KOMPETENSI ITU ?
Authors: Neolaka Amos
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk menjelaskan pengertian standar kompetensi yang saat ini ramai dibicarakan. Hal ini terjadi akibat undang-undang mengharuskan setiap orang yang bekerja di setiap bidang profesi memiliki sertifikat kompetensi, termasuk guru dan dosen sebagai suatu profesi.

Standar kompetensi bidang keterampilan dan bidang keahlian menjadi sesuatu keharusan. Standar kompetensi adalah perumusan tentang kemampuan yang harus dimiliki seseorang untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan yang didasari atas pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap kerja sesuai bidang kerja yang dipersyaratkan. Selanjutnya dijelaskan tentang kegunaannya, strukturnya, kompetensi kunci, format unit kompetensi, dan level kinerja kompetensi kunci pada setiap unit kompetensi.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH ABU INSENERATOR SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAHAN PADA PEMBUATAN GENTENG BETON DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN KUAT LENTUR GENTENG
Authors: Rusmayanti Putri , Bachtiar Gina , Nasution Nira
Published: March 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari inceneratorabu dengan kekuatan lentur dari genteng beton dengan 10%, 20%, 30%dan 40%. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Departemen Perindustrian DKILaboratorium Jakarta dan genteng beton dibuat di PD. Patra. ItuMetode penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan empat jenis perawatanyang, kelompok A penambahan 10%, grup B dengan penambahan 20%, grup B dengan 30%Selain dan kelompok D dengan penambahan 40%. Ada 15 ubin untuk setiap perlakuan;sepuluh ubin atap beton untuk eksperimen kekuatan lentur dan 5 betongenteng atap untuk percobaan penyerapan air. Data yang diambildari penelitian bahwa kekuatan ikatan rata-rata A memiliki 274 kg / cm2 dengan12,53% penyerapan air, kekuatan ikatan rata-rata B memiliki 256 kg / cm2dengan 12,09% penyerapan air, kekuatan ikatan rata-rata C memiliki 228 kg / cm2dan kekuatan ikatan rata-rata D memiliki187,6 kg / cm2 dengan 11,7% airpenyerapan. Hasil penelitian diuji dengan Analisis Varianssatu ekor dengan ï¡ = 0,01 dan itu adalah Gamed yang Fhitung = 99,64 yang menandai lebih tinggidari Ftabel = 4,38. Jadi, dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggipenambahan abu incenerator ke ubin atap beton, ikatan yang lebih tinggikekuatan genteng beton
PEMANFAATAN AMPAS TEBU SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGISI LEMBARAN SERAT SEMEN DALAM KAITANNYA TERHADAP MUTU
Authors: Huda Nauval , Saleh Rosmawita , Septiandini Erna
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ampas tebu dapatdimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pengisi dalam pembuatan lembaran seratsemen sehingga nantinya kuat lentur lembaran serat semen ampas tebumemenuhi standar kuat lentur SNI 15-0233-1989 (kuat lentur dan cara ujilembaran serat semen). Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium Bio Kompositdan laboratorium Keteknikan Kayu Fakultas Kehutanan Institut PertanianBogor (PPB). Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian selama Â± 3 bulan, dari bulanFebruari sampai dengan Mei 2007.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimentalyang pelaksanaannya dilakukan di laboratorium. Populasi penelitian iniadalah lembaran serat semen yang menggunakan campuran 1 semen : 2tepung batu : faktor air semen (fas) 0,9 : ampas tebu dengan persentase 5%,dan 10% terhadap berat semen, jumlah masing-masing perlakuan sebanyak15 buah, total populasi 435 buah. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 12 buahuntuk pengujian ukuran dan sifat-sifat physis melalui teknik acak secerhana.Pengajuan persyaratan analisis data dengan pengujian normalitasmenggunakan uji Liliefors pada taraf signifikan ï¡ = 0,01 sehingga databerdistribusi normal dan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji T pihak kiridan pihak kanan dengan taraf signifikansi ï¡ = 0,01 dan dk = n â€“ 1.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ampas tebu tidak dapat dimanfaatkan sebagaibahan pengisi lembaran serat semen sebab beberapa perlakuan yangdicobakan belum memenuhi standar kuat lentur yang disyaratkan SNI 15-0233-1989 (kuat lentur dan cara uji lembaran serat semen), terutama nilaikuat lentur.
ANALISIS MODEL PENGGUNAAN AIR TANAH DANGKAL DI WILAYAH JAKARTA SELATAN
Authors: Rahmayanti Henita
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini membuat model penggunaan air tanah dangkal untuk keberlanjutan daya dukung perkotaan di wilayah JakartaSelatan. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi dan asumsi yang berlaku dalam permodelan, kondisi air tanah dangkal di wilayah Jakarta Selatan jikatidak dilakukan intervensi maka tidak akan mampu mendukung kehidupan masyarakat di wilayah Jakarta Selatan, namun jikadilakukan intervensi maka ketersediaan air tanah dangkal akan mampu mendukung kehidupan masyarakat Jakarta Selatan
Kesadaran Lingkungan Masyarakat Jakarta Timur dalam Mengantisipasi Bencana Banjir Besar Setiap Tahun se-JABODETABEK
Authors: Sartika Eka , Neolaka Amos , Bachtiar Gina
Published: March 2021

Menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap upaya pelestarian lingkungan memang perludilakukan secara intensif. Pada beberapa kesempatan, kita pasti pernah menyaksikan hal-halyang membuat miris, terkait perilaku masyarakat yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Ketika dalamperjalanan hendak ke kampus, tiba-tiba dari jendela mobil yang ada di depan saya terlontarkemasan air minum mineral yang mengotori badan jalan. Beberapa hari kemudian kejadiannyaagak berbeda, dari jendela sebuah mobil truk terlontar sobekan-sobekan kertas yang melayanglayangdan akhirnya mengotori jalanan. Kejadian lain cukup memalukan juga, dari jendelasebuah mobil yang tergolong mewah dibuang kemasan kue yang berceceran di jalan. Kejadiankejadianini merupakan contoh perilaku masyarakat yang tidak peduli pada kebersihanlingkungan. Perilaku manusia yang tidak sadar lingkungan inilah yang menjadi salah satupenyebab terjadinya banjir.
Presión de uso del recurso íctico por la pesca artesanal en la cuenca del río Magdalena, Colombia
Authors: Hernández-Barrero Sandra , Barreto-Reyes Carlos G. , Valderrama-Barco Mauricio
Published: March 2021

La pesca artesanal multiespecífica en la cuenca del Magdalena involucra a más de 30.000 pescadores. La gestión clásica identifica a la sobrepesca como la responsable del agotamiento de los peces y como el factor primordial a controlar. Así, la pesca selectiva (tallas de peces y tamaño de ojos de malla) se plantea como la forma de reducir los efectos que esta genera en los ecosistemas y a su vez aumentar los rendimientos pesqueros. No obstante, hallazgos recientes desafían esta narrativa sugiriendo que el patrón de explotación de los pescadores a pequeña escala podría estar más cerca de un enfoque ecosistémico. Para analizar este planteamiento se realizó un análisis del efecto de las presiones que ejerce la pesca artesanal sobre las comunidades de peces y el ecosistema, soportada en la identificación de los cambios en la producción pesquera, en la estructura trófica y en los tamaños de las especies, junto con las modificaciones en la biomasa relativa, composición, biomasa óptima, tasa de explotación y artes de pesca. Al final se contempla la posible respuesta de los pescadores hacia una autorregulación, concluyendo que la gestión clásica ha generado efectos contrarios a lo deseado. En consecuencia, como contribución a los administradores de la pesca, se presentan recomendaciones dirigidas a modificar los paradigmas de manejo actuales y se reafirma la necesidad de fortalecer los procesos de gobernanza.
Diagnóstico del grado de amenaza, medidas de manejo y conservación para los peces del río Magdalena, Colombia
Authors: López-Casas Silvia , Rondón-Martínez Yesid F. , Gutiérrez-Cortés Ángela , Escobar-Cardona Jorge L. , Muñoz-Duque Sebastián , Valencia-Rodríguez Daniel , Petry Paulo , Batista-Morales Angélica M. , Rincón Carolina , Casas Luisa F. , Ospina-Pabón Juan G. , Atencio-García Víctor , Valderrama-Barco Mauricio , Lasso Carlos A. , Jiménez-Segura Luz
Published: March 2021

El uso de los peces y la relación con los ecosistemas acuáticos ha sido una constante en la historia del país, pero solo hasta la década de 1970 se vio la necesidad de llevar registro de las capturas y regular su uso para su conservación. Análisis de las categorías de amenaza de los peces de la cuenca indican que el Magdalena presenta el mayor número de especies amenazadas del país, siendo una de las más amenazadas de todos los Andes tropicales, con esfuerzos insuficientes por manejar sus especies o por conservarlas. Así, las medidas se han basado en el enfoque clásico de manejo de pesquerías monoespecíficas de zonas templadas, centrándose en las especies comerciales de consumo, y más recientemente ha incluido especies ornamentales y algunas medidas para los ecosistemas acuáticos, con un enfoque jerárquico que no incluye a los pescadores en la formulación de las medidas, y con falencias en el seguimiento y en la evaluación de sus objetivos. Se evidenció que las medidas cubren solo un cuarto de las especies de la cuenca y que es necesariocambiar al manejo de las pesquerías multiespecíficas tropicales, requiriéndose una estrategia a nivel nacional, de largo plazo, que integre y articule las diferentes medidas, instrumentos y órganos de manejo, ordenamiento e implementación de acciones para la conservación de la cuenca y sus recursos acuáticos. Todo esto debe estar enmarcado en una visión socioecosistémica incluyente y participativa de protección de los ecosistemas acuáticos, con soluciones basadas en la naturaleza a escala de cuenca.
Various Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants as Inhibitors for Beta-lactamase Activity
Authors: S. A. Al-Hayanni Huda , El-Shora Hamed
Published: March 2021

The inhibitory effect of acetone, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of ten medicinal plants on β-lactamase from Staphylococcus sciuri and Klebsiella pneumoniae was investigated in vitro by starch-iodine agar plate method. The results revealed the success of starch-iodine method for the detection of the inhibition of β-lactamase activity by the various extracts of each individual plant. The acetone extracts of Catharanthus roseus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Schinus terebinthifolius induced an inhibitory effect on β-lactamase from Staphylococcus sciuri. On the other hand, acetone extracts from only Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Schinus terebinthifolius expressed strong inhibitory effect on β-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. The acetone extracts expressed the highest inhibition for β-lactamases activity compared to ethanolic and aqueous extracts which exhibited appreciable inhibitory effect. β-lactamase from S. sciuri was inhibited by extracts from C. roseus, E. camaldulensis and S. terebinthifolius whereas β-lactamase from K. pneumoniae was inhibited only by extracts from E. camaldulensis and S. terebinthifolius.