bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of (E)-2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen- 1(2H)-one, C20H14F6O2
Authors: Luan Ming-Zhu , Wang Hui-yun , Zhang Mei , Song Jia , Hou Gui-Ge , Zhao Feng-Lan , Meng Qing-Guo
Published: October 2020

C

20

H

14

F
6

O
2

${\text{C}}_{20}{\text{H}}_{14}{\text{F}}_{6}{\text{O}}_{2}$

, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.791(2) Å, b = 8.5303(9) Å, c = 15.531(3) Å, β = 115.474(19)°, V = 1769.1(5) Å3, Z = 4,

R

g
t

${R}_{gt}$

(F) = 0.0574,

w
 

R

ref

$w\,{R}_{\text{ref}}$

(F
2) = 0.1451, T = 100 K.

CCDC no.: 2016723
Crystal structure of (E)-2-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C19H14F4O2
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Fan , Wang Hui-yun , Zhao Sheng-Nan , Zhang Sheng-Nan , Zhao Feng-Lan , Meng Qing-Guo
Published: October 2020

C

19

H

14

F
4

O
2

${\text{C}}_{19}{\text{H}}_{14}{\text{F}}_{4}{\text{O}}_{2}$

, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.1539(7) Å, b = 8.8584(6) Å, c = 11.8025(9) Å, α = 73.186(7)°, β = 76.184(7)°, γ = 69.512(7)°, V = 755.39(11) Å3, Z = 2,

R

g
t

${R}_{gt}$

(F) = 0.0436,

w

R

ref

$w{R}_{\text{ref}}$

(F
2) = 0.0965, T = 100 K.
Exploring the politics of visibility: Technology, digital representation, and the mediated workings of power
Authors: Creech Brian
Published: October 2020

For the better part of the past decade, global social movements have drawn popular attention to the power of image production and acts of representation, particularly the ways ubiquitous cameras challenge the exercise of power This essay lays out a theoretical schema for interrogating a broader “politics of visibility” at work in the early twenty-first century, most readily apparent through the activities of smartphone-enabled and visually-savvy activists. As new media technologies have opened up new strategies of representation, these modes of representation have been incorporated into existing media practices that delimit the ways in which the consequentiality of various movements and political projects can be understood. Theoretically revisiting the concept of visibility, this essay critiques the relationship between technology and the production of knowledge in media studies before arguing that the visibility of an event presages a consequentiality partially determined by the ways in which it is rendered perceptible and thus, intelligible.
Time embodied as space in graphic narratives: A study in applied Peircean semiotics
Authors: Nöth Winfried
Published: October 2020

The paper is a study of how graphic narratives (graphic novels and the comics) represent time in external visual space as well as in inner (mental) representations. Peirce’s semiotics is the main tool of research. After a survey of various approaches to the study of time in narratives in general and in graphic narratives in particular, an outline of the various aspects of the embodiment of time in space in general is given before the forms of the embodiment of time in the space of graphic narratives is examined in detail. Signs of time are signs that represent time as their object and create mental representations of time as their interpretant. On this semiotic premise, the paper proposes a reinterpretation of Genette’s theory of time in narratives. A comparison with narratives in prose reveals that narrative time in graphic narratives evinces marked discontinuities in their spatial representation. The paper distinguishes between time as continuity, time as age, and points in time. It concludes that time as continuity is typically embodied in the form of spatial diagrams whereas time as age and points in time are mainly of the nature of indexical signs. The insights into the forms of embodiment of time in space derived from these premises are applied to examples from recent graphic novels and some traditional comics.
Myanmar’s Non-State Armed Groups and the Prospects for Peace?
Authors: Englehart Neil A.
Published: October 2020

Myanmar has suffered the world’s longest civil war, with continuous combat since shortly before the country’s independence from the UK in 1948. A new National Ceasefire Agreement has raised hopes that peace may finally be in sight. However, optimism should be tempered by a recognition the peace process has not built much trust, reduced the number of non-state armed groups in the country, their total size, or significantly improved their human rights behavior. This is demonstrated through an analysis of original data on the major non-state armed groups active in Myanmar between 1985 and 2017. Peace will require hard political work leading to disarmament, restraining the military, and reassuring the country’s ethnic minority groups that their rights and interests will be respected even without the threat of insurgent violence.
China’s Maritime Nexus in Southeast Asia
Authors: de Vienne Marie-Sybille , Jammes Jérémy
Published: October 2020

At the 17th ASEAN Regional Forum in 2010, Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs Yang Jiechi reminded everyone that “China is a big country and all the other countries are small countries; this is a fact.” Though Brunei is the smallest of all the ASEAN states in both population and GDP, the level of Chinese investment in the sultanate (cumulated direct investment and construction contracts divided by 2018 GDP) is much higher than in most other ASEAN states. This paper analyzes the Belt and Road stakes for both Brunei and China and Brunei’s response to the Chinese proposals, showing that in spite of its smallness, the sultanate still seems able to preserve its own interests to a certain extent, thanks to its balanced foreign policy and its financial resources.
Copland’s Styles
Authors: Chowrimootoo Christopher
Published: October 2020

This article examines the relationship between Aaron Copland’s activities as composer and as pedagogue in order to illuminate the fraught midcentury relationship between musical modernism and middlebrow culture. I situate his unpublished lecture notes and music appreciation books within the middlebrow context and trace their connections with the works he composed during this period. At the center of my investigation is the contentious midcentury category of “style,” which implicated both Copland’s music and his pedagogy in ways that illuminate middlebrow cultural appreciation at large. Challenging long-standing modernist depictions of the middlebrow as the straightforward commercialization of high culture, I excavate characteristic middlebrow commitments to compromise, novelty, and breadth that proved even more unsettling to midcentury hierarchies than mass culture’s supposedly shameless pandering.

By emphasizing Copland’s commitment to a canon of modern “styles,” in composition as in music appreciation, I draw out underlying tensions between his “middlebrow” approach to modern music and a “higher,” purer form imagined by Arnold Schoenberg and Theodor W. Adorno. At the same time, I show how these distinctions often threatened to collapse. On a broader methodological level, I chart a middle course between “social” conceptions of the middlebrow—as a means of marketing, distributing, and teaching high art to a mass audience—and “aesthetic” discussions of it as a compositional style. By examining the reciprocity between Copland’s pedagogy and music, I ultimately suggest that the problem which middlebrow culture posed to high modernism lay not just in its ability to mediate between high and low, modernism and mass culture, but also in the challenges it posed to fantasies of aesthetic immediacy and autonomy.
Myf6/MRF4 is a myogenic niche regulator required for the maintenance of the muscle stem cell pool
Authors: Lazure Felicia , Blackburn Darren M , Corchado Aldo H , Sahinyan Korin , Karam Nabila , Sharanek Ahmad , Nguyen Duy , Lepper Christoph , Najafabadi Hamed S , Perkins Theodore J , Jahani‐Asl Arezu , Soleimani Vahab D
Published: October 2020

The function and maintenance of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are tightly regulated by signals originating from their niche environment. Skeletal myofibers are a principle component of the MuSC niche and are in direct contact with the muscle stem cells. Here, we show that Myf6 establishes a ligand/receptor interaction between muscle stem cells and their associated muscle fibers. Our data show that Myf6 transcriptionally regulates a broad spectrum of myokines and muscle‐secreted proteins in skeletal myofibers, including EGF. EGFR signaling blocks p38 MAP kinase‐induced differentiation of muscle stem cells. Homozygous deletion of Myf6 causes a significant reduction in the ability of muscle to produce EGF, leading to a deregulation in EGFR signaling. Consequently, although Myf6‐knockout mice are born with a normal muscle stem cell compartment, they undergo a progressive reduction in their stem cell pool during postnatal life due to spontaneous exit from quiescence. Taken together, our data uncover a novel role for Myf6 in promoting the expression of key myokines, such as EGF, in the muscle fiber which prevents muscle stem cell exhaustion by blocking their premature differentiation.
Child Soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Revisiting ‘Reintegration’ through a Psycho-Social Framework
Authors: Mitra Arpita
Published: October 2020

The paper assesses ‘reintegration’ mechanisms implemented for child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in the overall Disarmament-Demobilisation-Reintegration (DDR) programme. It re-visits the ‘macro-level success’ claimed by DDR mechanisms in DRC internationally and focuses on evaluation strategies at the ‘micro-level’ implementation of the said objectives. The paper advances a psycho-social assessment of reintegration of child soldiers considering their complex identities as ‘victim-perpetrator-bystander’. Identifying the gaps between individual experiences of war trauma (psychological breakdown) and community reintegration (social reintegration, discrimination, and stigma), the paper conceptualises reintegration measures vis-à-vis children’s psycho-social needs and greater community involvement.
Security Sector Training on Prevention of Recruitment
Authors: Bryce Victoria , Johnson Dustin
Published: October 2020

Ensuring that peacekeepers receive suitable and effective training to prepare for deployments has become an important focus for the UN and member states over the past three decades. This is particularly relevant for non-traditional military skills needed in modern multidimensional missions, including child protection. This article discusses the Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative’s (Dallaire Initiative) training and education programming for security sector actors, highlighting its effectiveness in preparing peacekeepers for addressing the presence of child soldiers, the importance of integrating the issue of child soldiers into national curricula, and the necessity of evaluating and learning from training.Keywords: training, peacekeeping, child soldiers
Gender, Peacekeeping, and Child Soldiers: Training and Research in Implementation of the Vancouver Principles
Authors: Johnson Dustin , Walsh Allyssa
Published: October 2020

Since the passage of UN Security Council resolution 1325, there has been a growing focus on the involvement of women in peacekeeping operations. Ambitious UN targets, the Vancouver Principles, and the Canadian government’s Elsie Initiative all aim to support the increased inclusion of uniformed women in peacekeeping missions. This article discusses three areas in which the Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative (Dallaire Initiative) is working to support Vancouver Principle (VP) 11 through the training of women security sector actors, training on gendered dimensions of the recruitment and use of child soldiers and SGBV against child soldiers, and through research on how gender matters in peacekeeping operations. Based on these experiences and an engagement with the academic literature, it makes a number of policy recommendations in support of VP 11.Keywords: gender, peacekeeping, training, child soldiers, SGBV
Child Soldiers and Early Warning
Authors: Cleave Laura , Watkins William
Published: October 2020

Early warning of the recruitment and use of child soldiers remains an elusive concept. This is surprising given the number and intensity of conflicts today where child soldiers are used. Yet, there is currently no formal early warning system in this sphere that focuses on recruitment and use. Without formally looking at indicators that precede recruitment, the international community runs the risk of missing important opportunities for data collection and analysis which could help to improve child protection and inform conflict mitigation. This paper will employ a qualitative review of the policy and research domains to examine the current landscape of early warning as it applies to child soldiers. It will consider why it is important to expand the scope of early warning to incorporate recruitment and use, so that children can be prioritized on the international security agenda and, to further understand why some children are more vulnerable to recruitment than others. Ultimately, this paper argues that the development of an early warning system for child soldiers would be important to better inform recruitment prevention from its earliest stages.Keywords: Early Warning, Child Soldiers, Conflict, Recruitment Prevention, Child Protection
The Detention of Children in the Context of Armed Conflict
Authors: Becker Jo
Published: October 2020

In recent years, governments have increasingly detained children for suspected association with non-state armed groups, particularly in conflicts involving violent extremist groups. Between 2012 and 2017, the United Nations recorded a five-fold increase in the detention of children in armed conflict.1 At any given time, thousands of children are imprisoned for suspected association with armed groups, often without charge and in inhuman and degrading conditions.
Maternal adaptations of pancreatic islets and glucose metabolism after lactation
Authors: Canul-Medina Gustavo , Riverón-Negrete Leticia , Pastén-Hidalgo Karina , Morales-Castillo Paulina , García-Vázquez Francisco , Fernandez-Mejia Cristina
Published: October 2020

Pancreatic islets adapt to metabolic requirements and the hormonal milieu by modifying their size and hormone secretions. Maternal glucose demands and hormonal changes occur after weaning, to rapidly re-establish bone mineralization. Minimal information exists about glucose metabolism and pancreatic islets after lactation. This study investigated islet morphology and glucose homeostasis for 14 days after lactation in C57BL/6NHHsd mice. Compared to the day of weaning, rapid increases in the islets’ area and number of beta cells were found from the first day post-lactation, attaining maximum values on the third day post-weaning. These changes were accompanied by modifications in glucose-induced insulin secretion, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Islet-cell proliferation was already augmented before lactation ceased. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentrations increased significantly post-lactation; however, it is unlikely that this enhancement participates in earlier cell proliferation augmentation or in decreasing insulin sensitivity. Islet serotonin content was barely expressed, and serum calcium concentrations decreased. By the 14th day post-weaning, islets’ area and glucose homeostasis returned to age-matched virgin mice levels. These findings recognize for the first time that increases in islet area and insulin secretion occur during physiological post-weaning conditions. These results open up new opportunities to identify molecules and mechanisms participating in these processes, which will help in developing strategies to combat diabetes.
Acute Mitral Valve Injury Following Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sun Xuejun , Hong Dandan , Liu Haibo , Li Hongmu
Published: October 2020

Acute mitral valve injury following percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion is a rare, but potentially life-threatening complication. This report presents a case of severe mitral valve injury following left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) that required mitral valve replacement. The LAAO device successfully was removed, and the LAA was closed with a double-running polypropylene suture. In addition, the mitral valve was replaced with an artificial valve. The patient had an uneventful clinical evolution and was discharged 10 days after emergency surgery.
BIOREMEDIATION OF DIESEL CONTAMINATED SOIL USING BACTERIAL COCKTAIL AND ORGANIC NUTRIENTS
Authors: Osinowo Ibrahim , Abioye Olabisi Peter , Oyewole Oluwafemi Adebayo , Oyeleke Solomon Bankole
Published: October 2020

Bioremediation is a process of contaminant degradation in the environment using microorganisms. Bioremediation of diesel contaminated soil was studied using bacterial cocktail and organic nutrients from cow dung and poultry droppings at interval of 21 days for a total period of 84 days. Two hundred grams (200g) of soil were weighed into clay pots polluted with 10% (w/w) diesel oil and left undisturbed for 48 hours in an open field. After 48 hours, the clay pots were inoculated with bacterial cocktail (two bacteria isolates from diesel contaminated soil), 10% (w/w) of cow dung (CD), 10% (w/w) of poultry droppings (PD) and 5% (w/w) of sodium azide (NaN3). The two bacterial isolates were identified as Micrococcus luteus trpE16 and Bacillus subtilis DNK UT 02 after screening for hydrocarbon utilization using standard methods. The counts of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (THB) in the amended soil ranged from 20.2×107 and 63.5×107 cfu/g while unamended soil had the least count of THB ranging between 8.4×107 and 19.0× 107 cfu/g. Soil bioremediated with bacterial cocktail (BC) + 10% (CD+PD) recorded highest total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation of 48.76%, 56.32%, 72.89% and 96.80% at the end of days 21, 42, 63 and 84 respectively while autoclaved soil with 5% NaN3 recorded the least (10.03%, 13.38%, 14.02% and 18.42%) respectively. First order kinetic model showed that soil bioremediated with BC with 10% (CD+PD) recorded highest biodegradation rate constant of 0.2096 day-1 and half-life of 3.31 days. Statistical analysis indicated that the results obtained were significantly (P < 0.05) different during the 84 days of this study. Amendment of diesel contaminated soil with bacterial cocktail and organic wastes caused changes in the soil physiochemical properties and accelerated the rate of biodegradation in the soil. However, poultry droppings and cow dung can serve as a potential and viable biostimulant for enhanced biodegradation of diesel in soil.
PRODUCTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF CYCLODEXTRIN GLUCANOTRANFERASE FROM BACILLUS SP. SS2
Authors: Kulshreshtha Niha Mohan , Upadhyay Dhwani , Shrivastava Divya , Chauhan Anita , Singh Niraj Kumar
Published: October 2020

An extracellular cyclodextrin glucanotranferase enzyme producing bacterium was isolated from the soil sample collected from Dumas Beach, Surat, India. The isolate was biochemically, physiologically, and phylogenetically characterized and was identified as a strain of Bacillus cereus group. The production of CGTase enzyme was optimized using various starch sources as substrates such as soluble starch, corn starch, potato starch, and rice starch. The enzyme production was found to be maximum when potato starch was added in the medium as substrate. The enzyme activity was measured as 5.132±0.25 U/mL in soluble starch, 8.423±0.33U/mL in corn starch, 14.329 ± 0.14 U/mL in potato starch, and 12.762 ± 0.09 U/mL in rice starch. The optimization of operating parameters such as pH, incubation temperature, potato starch concentration, incubation time, and agitation speed affecting enzyme production was further carried out using Response Surface Methodology, a combined method of statistical and mathematical approach. Central Composite Design was selected for optimization and the optimum levels of these parameters were identified as 8.8, 38°C, 2.2%, 50 h, and 200 rpm for pH, incubation temperature, potato starch concentration, incubation time, and agitation speed respectively. The final CGTase enzyme activity at the optimum levels of all the factors was measured to be as 38.313 U/mL which was in agreement with the software predicted enzyme activity of 39.901 U/mL and was more than twice the original activity. This study demonstrates the utility of strain SS2 for CGTase production which can be used as an alternative for commercial cyclodextrin production.
Long-term Outcomes of Individuals With Metabolic Diseases Identified Through Newborn Screening
Authors: Mütze Ulrike , Garbade Sven F. , Gramer Gwendolyn , Lindner Martin , Freisinger Peter , Grünert Sarah Catharina , Hennermann Julia , Ensenauer Regina , Thimm Eva , Zirnbauer Judith , Leichsenring Michael , Gleich Florian , Hörster Friederike , Grohmann-Held Karina , Boy Nikolas , Fang-Hoffmann Junmin , Burgard Peter , Walter Magdalena , Hoffmann Georg F. , Kölker Stefan
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:

Although extended newborn screening (NBS) programs have been introduced more than 20 years ago, their impact on the long-term clinical outcome of individuals with inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) is still rarely investigated.

METHODS:

We studied the clinical outcomes of individuals with IMDs identified by NBS between 1999 and 2016 in a prospective multicenter observational study.

RESULTS:

In total, 306 screened individuals with IMDs (115 with phenylketonuria and 191 with other IMDs with a lifelong risk for metabolic decompensation) were followed for a median time of 6.2 years. Although the risk for metabolic decompensation was disease-specific and NBS could not prevent decompensations in every individual at risk (n = 49), the majority did not develop permanent disease-specific signs (75.9%), showed normal development (95.6%) and normal cognitive outcome (87.7%; mean IQ: 100.4), and mostly attended regular kindergarten (95.2%) and primary school (95.2%). This demonstrates that not only individuals with phenylketonuria, serving as a benchmark, but also those with lifelong risk for metabolic decompensation had a favorable long-term outcome. High NBS process quality is the prerequisite of this favorable outcome. This is supported by 28 individuals presenting with first symptoms at a median age of 3.5 days before NBS results were available, by the absence of neonatal decompensations after the report of NBS results, and by the challenge of keeping relevant process parameters at a constantly high level.

CONCLUSIONS:

NBS for IMDs, although not completely preventing clinical presentations in all individuals, can be considered a highly successful program of secondary prevention.
Wann ist ein Meme ein Meme?
Authors: Piegsa Oskar , Grünewald-Schukalla Lorenz
Published: October 2020

Etwa ab 2014 tauchten in deutschen Städten Sticker auf, die alle sehr ähnlich gestaltet waren: Kleine schwarze Quadrate, auf die mit weißer, serifenloser Schrift in der Regel sechs Buchstaben in zwei Zeilen gedruckt waren, eingefasst in einem roten Balken oben und einem roten Balken unten: „FCK SPD“, „FCK NZS“, „FCK CPS“ usw. Wieso diese Sticker sich in ihrer Gestaltung am Logo der New Yorker Rap-Gruppe Run-DMC orientierten, blieb unklar. Oskar Piegsa und Lorenz Grünewald-Schukalla begannen sich zunächst in E-Mails über das Phänomen auszutauschen. Daraus entstand eine Korrespondenz, die bis in den September 2016 anhielt und grundsätzliche Fragen zu Memes im Allgemeinen und dem Run-DMC-Logo-Meme im Speziellen diskutierte. Wir dokumentieren den Austausch in einer eigens für diese Zeitschrift gekürzten und überarbeiteten Fassung.
Retinalis biomarkerek szerepe a vascularis dementia és az Alzheimer-kór korai formáinak diagnosztikájában
Authors: Élő Ágnes , Czakó Cecília , István Lilla , Benyó Fruzsina , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Kovács Illés
Published: October 2020

Absztrakt:

A dementiák társadalmunkban egyre nagyobb problémát jelentenek, folyamatosan nő a
megbetegedések száma. A dementia leggyakoribb előfordulási formája az
Alzheimer-kór, mely az esetek 60–80%-áért felelős. Kórlefolyása hosszú, a
preklinikai stádiumtól a súlyos Alzheimer-kórig több év, évtized is eltelik. Az
Alzheimer-kór egy olyan progresszív neurodegeneratív betegség, amely súlyos
szellemi leépüléshez vezet. A diagnózishoz számos, kognitív funkciót mérő teszt
és képalkotó vizsgálat áll rendelkezésre, a korai diagnózis azonban nagyobb
kihívást jelent, így a betegség gyakran későn kerül felismerésre. Mivel az agyi
és a retinalis keringés között bizonyítottan kapcsolat van, felmerül annak
lehetősége, hogy a retina vizsgálata az Alzheimer-kór és a vascularis dementiák
korai diagnózisában és progressziójának követéséhez is segítséget nyújthat. Az
utóbbi években a retina képalkotó vizsgálataiban bekövetkezett fejlődésnek
köszönhetően lehetővé vált a retina strukturális és vérkeringési elváltozásainak
vizsgálata a dementiák különböző típusaiban. Ezek alkalmazása nemcsak a korai
diagnózisban, hanem a progresszió megítélésében és a terápia nyomon követésében
is segítséget nyújthat a jövőben. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(41): 1744–1752.
Az életkorral arányos D-dimer-emelkedés és a SARS-CoV-2-fertőzött betegek eseti halálozása
Authors: Nagy Zsuzsanna , Vásárhelyi Barna , Vajda Zoltán
Published: October 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés: A COVID–19 kórlefolyásában újabban több szerző
felvetette a D-dimer-pozitivitás és a D-dimer-emelkedés prediktív értékét a
betegség súlyosbodásában, illetve az eseti halálozásban.
Célkitűzés: Magyar betegek értékeinek összehasonlítása a
nemzetközi adatokkal, ennek részeként a D-dimer prediktív értéke a 2 héten
belüli eseti halálozásra. Módszerek: A szerzők 51, RT-PCR-rel
igazolt SARS-CoV-2-fertőzött beteg D-dimer-eredményeit dolgozták fel
retrospektív módon. Megvizsgáltuk, hogy ha a D-dimer eléri vagy meghaladja a
vágóérték 4-szeresét, akkor ez milyen kockázatot (odds ratio) jelent a
halálozásra. Logisztikus regresszióval meghatároztuk, hogy a 2 héten belüli
halálozás esélyhányadosa a konvencionális vágóérték hányszorosa mellett lesz
szignifikáns. Eredmények: Az 51 betegből 13 halt meg a kórházba
kerülést követően 2 héten belül. Megállapítottuk, hogy a tradicionális, 0,5
µg/ml FEU vágóérték mellett meghatározott D-dimer-pozitivitásnak alacsony a
prediktív értéke a halálozásra. Ha azt vizsgáltuk, hogy a D-dimer eléri vagy
meghaladja a vágóérték 4-szeresét, és ez milyen kockázatot jelent a halálozás
szempontjából, akkor a logisztikus regresszió paraméterei 1,64-szeres emelkedést
mutattak (p = 0,00183), és az esélyhányados (odds ratio) értéke 5,17 (CI 95% =
1,32–20,22) volt. A D-dimer prediktív értéke a halálozásra az életkor
függvényében változik. A 13 elhunyt közül 12 idősebb volt 80 évesnél, így a 80
év feletti életkor a magas D-dimer-szintnél nagyobb kockázatot jelentett a
halálozásra, odds ratio: 20,7 (CI 95% = 2,41–175,5).
Következtetés: A több mint négyszeres vágóértékre
emelkedett D-dimer-szint az életkor mellett COVID–19-ben előre jelezheti a 2
héten belüli halálozást. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(41): 1739–1743.
TIPOLOGÍA DEL GREMIO PERIODÍSTICO DE BAJA CALIFORNIA: UN ACERCAMIENTO DESDE LAS PERCEPCIONES DE SUS MIEMBROS
Authors: Merchant Ley Diana Denisse
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo identificar una tipología del gremio periodístico de Baja California, a fin de plantearla como una mediación subjetiva en el desarrollo de la práctica profesional de los periodistas. Se realizaron 37 entrevistas en profundidad a periodistas del estado de Baja California. Además, se aplicó una técnica de asociación libre mediante el análisis pile sorting. Se encontraron tres tipos de periodistas: periodista crítico, periodista enlace gobierno-sociedad y periodista indiferente. Se concluye que la tipología propuesta tiene calidad de dinámica, lo que significa que hay una simultaneidad de tipos entre los que se mueven los periodistas del gremio, situación que genera prácticas espontáneas que varían de acuerdo con ideas y sentimientos que se generan en circunstancias específicas.
Pneumocephalus following fluoroscopy-guided lumbar epidural injection in elderly patients: two cases report and a review of Korean literatures - Two cases report -
Authors: Park Sun Kyung , Park Sang Hyun , Lee Bang Won , Cho Woo Jin , Choi Yun Suk
Published: October 2020

Background: Pneumocephalus can originate from accidental dural puncture while performing epidural block using the loss-of-resistance (LOR) technique with an air-filled syringe. Case: We present two cases of pneumocephalus after lumbar epidural block under fluoroscopy for pain control in elderly patients. Conclusions: Lumbar epidural block should be performed under fluoroscopic guidance in elderly patients with severe lesions. The physician should be aware of the increased possibility of a dural puncture occurring due to anatomical changes in older patients. The use of saline is recommended for the LOR technique. A contrast injection should be used together with the LOR technique to locate the epidural space. If a dural puncture occur, the patient should be carefully monitored to determine whether pneumocephalus has developed.
DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING FOR BATAN’S HRPD AND FCD/TD USING PYTHON CODE
Authors: Akhir Muzakkiy Putra Muhammad , Kamila Rina
Published: October 2020

High Resolution Powder Diffractometer (HRPD) and Four Circle Diffractometer/Texture Diffractometer (FCD/TD) are two BATAN-owned neutron diffractometers which have been fully operational since 1992. These are used to investigate structure and texture of crystalline materials, respectively. Before analyzing, the acquired raw neutron diffraction data should first be processed in a specific way to achieve the suitable data format required by the analysis software. This data processing step is a repetitive task for every single experiment which is previously done manually and very time-consuming. The purpose of this development project was to optimize this step to be fully automatic and executable by a code. This work was performed by means of Python code utilizing the array manipulation in re-arranging and re-formatting the raw data. The resulted Python codes were named as hrpd.py and fcdtd.py. These have been successfully done and validated, making data processing step easier, simpler, and significantly faster with only 20 seconds or less required.Keywords: HRPD, FCD/TD, Automatic Data Processing, Neutron Diffraction, Python
The use of the ICAM Splint Programme in Zone IV to VII Extensor Tendon Repairs: Patient outcomes and clinician experiences in a specialised hand unit in SA
Authors: Mottay Nicole D , Govender Pragashnie , Mpanza December Mandlenkosi
Published: October 2020

Background: The ICAM splint programme was developed in the 1980s and is known to produce favourable results in the management of extensor tendon repairs from zone IV to zone VII. It has only become popular in South Africa over the past several years and to the authors' knowledge its application in South Africa has not previously been reported.Aim: The study sought to describe the use of the ICAM splint programme following an extensor tendon repair from zone IV to VII at a specialised hand unit in SA.Methods: The study followed a concurrent mixed methods design. In phase one, a retrospective file audit was conducted with a sample of patients following the ICAM programme (n=75). Phase two involved individual therapist interviews (n=3), surgeon interviews (n=2) and a focus group with physiotherapists and occupational therapists (n=7) that had experience with the ICAM splint programme.Microsoft excel was used to descriptively analyse phase one data and thematic analysis was used to analyse phase two data. Data were merged and represented in a joint display.Results: The majority of patients (83%) were male with 40% in the age range of 26-35 years old. The injuries were mainly violence-related (69%) in comparison to accidental injuries (31%) with extensor tendon zone V (40%) and VI (47%) being the most commontly involved. Adherence was reportedly influenced by factors such as patients' financial status, education and language barriers.Conclusions: The results suggest that the ICAM splint programme is beneficial in managing extensor tendon repairs from zone IV to VII. Therapists should consider factors that affect non-adherence when selecting patients for the ICAM programme to determine its suitability. Educating patients on the ICAM splint programme is essential to facilitate adherence. Novice therapists to the ICAM programme should receive formal training to improve confidence and skill.
Key words: ICAM splint programme, extensor tendon repair, zone IV to VII
Experiences of adults with psychiatric disabilities participating in an activity programme at a psychosocial rehabilitation centre in the Western Cape
Authors: Ramafikeng Matumo , Beukes Lisa , Hassan Aneeqa , Kohler Tara , Mouton Tayla Leigh , Petersen Saadiqah
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Adults with psychiatric disabilities require continued community-based care to support their recovery and community reintegration. Community-based mental health services such as psychosocial rehabilitation day centres and group homes were to support community reintegration of these adults. However, these services are limited and opportunities for adults with psychiatric disabilities to engage in meaningful occupations that promote occupational well-being are scarce, particularly in South Africa.In addition literature exploring the experiences of adults with psychiatric disabilities using these services, is limited. The aim of the study was to describe the adults with psychiatric disabilities' experiences of participating in an activity programme at a psychosocial rehabilitation day centre.Method: A descriptive qualitative design was adopted, and eight participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observations and focus group discussions and analysed using thematic analysis.Findings: Two themes emerged: "What's nice about the activities that we do do, is it takes you out your head for a while and If you don't do anything [...] your brain goes that way a bit". The activities were valued as they offered opportunities for improved socialization and enabled participants to meet various occupational needs.Conclusion: Adults with psychiatric disabilities derived meaning, purpose and improved occupational well-being from participating in the activity programme. There is a need for more community-based mental health services to support the recovery of adults with psychiatric disabilities, thereby improving their quality of life within their communities.
Key words: psychiatric disability; occupational well-being; psychosocial rehabilitation day centre; community mental health services
Clinical practice in occupational therapy for treatment of concussion in schoolboys: An integrative review
Authors: Sinnett Faye , Franzsen Denise
Published: October 2020

Rugby in South Africa is one of the fastest growing contact sports and schoolboys competing in rugby will sustain injuries such as concussions. Concussion protocol regulations indicate that young players be removed from play and training for two weeks as they are many misconceptions about the long-term implications of concussion. Concussion has been shown to impact on cognitive functional and the ability to perform at school. Occupational therapy has a role in the intervention of occupational performance post-concussion in learners playing this contact sport.A clinical practice framework to provide guidelines for the occupational therapy intervention for schoolboy rugby players post-concussion in the South African setting is presented. The framework was based on the occupations, client factors, skills, performance patterns and context and environments in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework III (OTPF III). Screening assessment including the learners, parents and teachers were suggested to determine the use of specific occupational performance assessments in education, social participation, activities of daily living and rest and sleep as well asas client factor assessments to determine the outcomes of concussion.Intervention guidelines include the occupational therapy process approaches for Create/Promote, Establish/Restore, Maintain, Modify (compensate) and Prevent, with a focus on create/promote or promotion of safety in rugby.The assessments given in this framework are easily accessible in the South African setting and provide knowledge for all level of practitioners. The role of occupational therapy in reducing residual risks of concussion sustained while playing rugby at school and the long-term consequences of concussion on occupations needs to be researched further.
Key words: concussion, schoolboy concussion, concussion management, occupational therapy management
Vitamin D Deficiency in Preschool Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: BÜYÜKAVCI Raikan , BÜYÜKAVCI Mehmet Akif
Published: October 2020

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid prohormone that is produced on the skin by contact with sunlight. Through various metabolic changes in the body, it transforms into a hormone known as calcitriol, with a key role in the calcium and phosphate metabolism (1). Vitamin D serves plenty of functions in the body. Therefore, its deficiency may cause musculoskeletal symptoms such as bone pain, muscle weakness, gait difficulty, skeletal deformity, in addition to extraskeletal symptoms such as autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neuropsychiatric diseases (2).
Down Syndrome occurs as a result of trisomy, which occurs due to an extra copy of the whole or part of the long arm of chromosome 21 and is the most commonly known cause of delay in development. DS affects 1 in every 787 liveborn babies (3). DS is often accompanied by distinctive craniofacial features, congenital heart disease and immune, musculoskeletal and endocrine system abnormalities (4,5).
In patients with this syndrome, various environmental and hormonal factors such as hypotonia, low physical activity, poor calcium and vitamin D intake, intrauterine growth restriction, hypogonadism and thyroid dysfunction may contribute to bone mass and quality (6,7). Among all the others, vitamin D may have a crucial role in the health of these people. Vitamin D levels differ with many factors, including exposure to sunlight, dietary intake, and supplement use (8,9).
There is a lack of scientific evidence on the prevalence and severity of vitamin D deficiency in children with DS. Hence, this study aimed to determine vitamin D deficiency in children with DS, from infancy to toddler and particularly during the preschool period, and to raise awareness on the matter.
THE INTRA-ASSAY PRECISION AND TIME STABILITY OF QUANTITATIVE βIII-TUBULIN EXPRESSION ASSESSMENT IN SOLID TUMOR TISSUE
Authors: Basharina A. A. , Bogush T. A. , Rukavishnikova E. A. , Bogush E. A. , Kaliuzhny S. A. , Vikhlyantseva N. O. , Kosorukov V. S.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The introducing of tumor molecular profiling into clinical practice has revealed the need for development of new analytical methods for estimating marker expression in solid tumors, as routinely used method of immunohistochemistry has a number of significant drawbacks.

Objective. Analytical validation of immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry method developed by the authors for the examination of tumor protein markers in the solid tumors tissue.

Materials and methods. Method validation was carried out by quantitative estimation of βIII-tubulin (TUBB3) expression in single-cell suspensions of non-small-cell lung cancer obtained from surgical tumor samples. Primary antibodies to TUBB3 (ab7751) and secondary DyLight 650-conjugated antibodies (ab98729) were used for immunofluorescent staining. The «Navios» flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter) was used to measure the fluorescence. The validation parameters were assessed by the coefficient of variation calculated as the ratio of standard deviation of TUBB3 level to its mean value.

Results. Two parameters were analyzed: intra-assay precision and time stability of the results of the TUBB3 expression assessment. It was demonstrated that the mean coefficients of variation of the marker expression level in the tumor tissue did not exceed 20 % for both parameters. According to recommendations on the analytical validation of methods based on flow cytometry, it proves the validity of the method for these parameters.

Conclusions. The intra-assay precision and time stability were demonstrated for the results of a quantitative estimation of TUBB3 expression in solid tumor tissue using immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry method developed by the authors. The practical value of the time stability of immunofluorescence stain during 24 h storage of a stained cells suspension in the dark at 4 °C was highlighted. It shows the possibility of adjusting the time interval between completion of the analytical study part and flow cytometer measurement.
Pre and post training study of awareness about biomedical waste management among health care personnel in medical college hospital in Western Rajasthan
Authors: Kumar Soni Laxman , Soni Priyanka , Soni Ankita
Published: October 2020

The biomedical waste is any waste that is generated during diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals, or in the research activities of biological. The amount of biomedical waste being generated is increasing day by day which can pollute the environment and can spread many harmful diseases if not handled properly. Health care workers in our country are still not fully aware about proper disposal of BMW.

The objective of the study was to access the effect of training on health care personnel about the biomedical waste management in our institution.

: A pre designed questionnaire was used for data collection before and after hands on training. Total 250 health care personnel including doctors, nurses, lab technicians and class IV employees working in our institution participated in study. Data was analysed using SPSS software and results were interpreted into percentages.

Doctors, nurses and lab technicians had good knowledge regarding biomedical waste management before but the knowledge of class IV employees (cleaners and maintenance personnel) was not good but all group showed good improvement in their Knowledge regarding biomedical waste management after training.

There should be periodic trainings and workshops with special focus on proper use of personal protective measures for all health personnel having special focus on paramedical and cleaner staff about Biomedical waste management rules.
The level of blood lead painter workers Rafsanjan city and its correlation with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 2019
Authors: Taheri Fard A , Ahmadinia H , Kafi M , Salandari M , Rahmani A , Rezaeian M
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Painters are exposed to various chemical harmful agents such as lead particles in paints. Some studies have suggested a possible association of occupational exposure that may cause cardiovascular effects. Lead is absorbed through the body through the skin, skin, and respiratory tract and penetrates some tissues. Considering the importance of labor health in each country's development and progress, this study was conducted to determine the amount of lead in the blood of painters in Rafsanjan in 2019.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study of the descriptive type conducted in 1397 on 77 painters of Rafsanjan city. Data collection was done in two stages, in the first stage, based on a checklist that included demographic information, and in the second stage by performing laboratory tests. Finally, by recording the data in SPSS software, quantitative data was reported as a "mean ± standard deviation" and qualitative information as a "number (percent)".
Results: Of the 77 painter workers, the youngest is 21, and the oldest is 70 years old. A total of 20 people (26%) had a family history of heart attacks. The highest amount of lead in the blood of painters was reported to be 30.7 micrograms per deciliter, and the level of lead was most correlated with blood sugar. Sixty people (77.9%) painters used personal protective equipment. 49.4% of the study's painters wore work clothes, and 28.6% used gloves while working. Lead levels are directly related to blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, age, work experience, and blood sugar levels were most correlated with the level of lead in painters' blood.
Conclusion: This study's findings show that due to the increase in the work experience of painters, their blood lead level has also increased, and the blood sugar level has had the highest correlation with the lead level in the painters' blood.
The effect intervention psychological- based on emotional regulation on reduction job stress among nurses working in hospitals kermanshah city: case study of imam reza hospital
Authors: Hatamian P , Hatamian P
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Considering that job stress is one of the most commonly used areas related to health psychology in the workplace. Therefore the present study aimed The Effect Intervention Psychological- Based on Emotional Regulation on Reduction Job Stress among Nurses Working in Hospitals Kermanshah City.
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all nurses working in Imam Reza hospital in Kermanshah city year 1398. The sample size consisted of 30 people selected by voluntary sampling and randomly divided into two groups (15 experimental & 15 control). At first, both groups were pre-tested by the Osipo Job Stress Questionnaire, and then the experimental group received eight sessions of 90 minutes of emotion regulation training. Finally, both groups responded again to the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis by SPSS-23 software.
Results: The results of the covariance analysis showed that the mean score of job stress components among the experimental group nurses was significantly decreased after the psychological intervention based on emotion regulation (P> 0.001).
Conclusion: According to these findings, it can be said that psychological intervention based on emotion regulation was effective in reducing nurses' job stress, so it is recommended that the relevant authorities pay attention to the role of these psychological interventions.
Investigation of work ability index (WAI) and its relationship with maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) among cement industry employer
Authors: Kavousian M , Salehi sashlabadi A , Jafari MJ , Khodakarim S , Rabiei H
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Given the importance of adapting workers' physical and mental capabilities to their job needs, measuring their ability to work, maintaining, and upgrading, it has become an essential task. This study aimed to investigate WAI and its relationship with VO2max at one of the cement companies.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 employees of a cement company in Iran in 2018. For data collection, the WAI, Queens's test for maximum oxygen consumption, and a questionnaire designed by researchers (socio-demographic and work-related factors) were used. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data. 
Results: The results showed that the mean ± standard deviation of WAI in staff was 39.35 ± 4.64. Among the demographic and related variables, sports activity (P > 0.04) and sleep quality (P < 0.001), and work experience (P> 0.046) were significantly correlated with WAI. There was a significant positive correlation between the mean score of WAI and Vo2max (r = 0.21, p < 0.05). Regression modeling showed that Vo2max was the only significant predictor of WAI.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, to control and enhance the ability of the staff of the study, occupational intervention programs should focus on improving sleep quality and increased exercise. Also, considering the positive relationship of Vo2max to the WAI of the surveyed staff, it is recommended to select suitable employees in terms of aerobic capacity according to the workload of the job.