bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes with thin versus thick strut polymer-free biolimus-coated stents at 3 years
Authors: Eberli Franz R , Oldroyd Keith G , Urban Philip , Krucoff Mitchell W , Morice Marie-Claude , Tanguay Jean-François , Leon Martin B , Brunel Philippe , Maillard Luc , Lipiecki Janus , Cook Stéphane , Berland Jacques , Hovasse Thomas , Carrié Didier , Schütte Diana , Sadozai Slama Sara , Garot Philippe
Published: June 2024

Background

For high bleeding-risk patients (HBR) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the LEADERS FREE (LF) and LEADERS FREE II (LF II) trials established the safety and efficacy of a stainless steel polymer-free biolimus-coated stent (SS-BCS) with 30 days of dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT). The LEADERS FREE III (LF III) trial investigated clinical outcomes after PCI with the next-generation cobalt-chromium thin-strut polymer-free biolimus-coated stent (CoCr-BCS) in HBR patients.

Aims

To report the final 3-year results of the LF III trial and compare them to LF II.

Methods

LF III was a prospective, multicentre, open-label single-arm study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the CoCr-BCS stent. The primary safety endpoint was the composite of cardiac death (CD), myocardial infarction(MI) or definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST). The primary efficacy endpoint was clinically driven target lesion revascularisation (cd-TLR). We performed a propensity-matched comparison to the 3-year outcomes of LF II.

Results

After 3 years, CD/MI/ST had occurred in 57 patients (15%, 95% CI 11.8% to 19%) and cd-TLR in 23 (6.2%, 95% CI 4.1% to 9.2%) patients. In a propensity-matched comparison of patients treated with the CoCr-BCS versus the SS-BCS, there were similar rates of CD (6.6% vs 7.8%, p=0.50), MI (7.1% vs 8.3%, p=0.47) and definite/probable ST (1.1% vs 2%, HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.93, p=0.35). The rates of cd-TLR were 5.3% with CoCr-BCS versus 9.8% with SS-BCS (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.96, p=0.03).

Conclusion

LF III confirms the long-term safety and efficacy of the CoCr-BCS in HBR patients treated with 1 month of DAPT.

Trial registration number

NCT02843633,NCT03118895.
Adoption of Imitation Modeling Tools in Industrial Small and Medium Enterprises: Value Creation and Competitive Advantage
Authors: Strimovskaya Anna
Published: June 2024

Currently, value creation is considered as a major part of strategic planning and a source of competitive advantage. Competition increases and customers ask for higher service level, but resources are always limited. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) often face the enlarged requirements of rapid changes created by the modern economic tendencies. Therefore, businesses should react promptly and without spending excessive resources (otherwise SMEs may simply stop existing). On this issue, imitation modeling tools give a considerable advantage to SMEs: almost any decisions of strategic or operational management levels can be tested before implementing real business processes. The research question arises at the point of defining the conceptual framework for testing, adopting and implementing new practices (such as digital technologies and projects) with imitation modeling tools. Currently, business excellence often depends on how and at what extent digital solutions transform the traditional way of managing operations. This study is focused on considering many factors influencing logistics business processes in SMEs. The adjusted three-zone model is suggested for achieving operational excellence in industrial SMEs with imitation modeling tools. The suggested approach is based upon the triple bottom line concept, and creates value from several perspectives: economic, social and environmental.
Oral Rehabilitation for a Patient with Cocaine‐Induced Midline Destructive Lesions
Authors: Berberi Antoine , Azar Elie
Published: June 2024

Background. Cocaine is the second most consumed drug worldwide, more than 0.4% of the global population, and has become a real public health problem in recent years. Its inhalation causes significant centrofacial lesions, grouped under the name cocaine‐induced midline destructive lesion (CIMDL). These destructions are due to the conjunction of the vasoconstrictor, local prothrombogenic effects, and cytotoxic effects of cocaine. The ischemia produced by this substance is due to vasoconstriction that leads to nasal tissue necrosis and perforation of the nasal septum secondary to chondral necrosis. Case Presentation. A 36‐year‐old man, previously grappling with cocaine addiction, was hospitalized to undergo comprehensive clinical, microbiological, and radiological examinations because he was suffering from the emergence of crusts and ulceration in the nasal mucosa, accompanied by a palate perforation, a 39°C fever, and chills. Standard bacteriological culture was positive for coagulase‐negative staphylococci and Escherichia coli, while mycological culture was positive for Candida tropicalis. The CT scan images of the sinuses confirmed the presence of palatal perforation and total destruction of the nasal septum, cartilaginous portion, maxillary sinus medial wall, lower and middle turbinates, and middle meatus. Nasal endoscopy revealed an exposition of the bony wall and displayed the exposition of the occipital bone’s clivus. A diagnosis of CIMDL was confirmed. Antibiotic therapy was decided based on antibiogram results by the consulting microbiologist. Debridement of necrotic tissue was done by nasal endoscopy with local cleaning and was repetitive during the first week to maintain the best cleanliness possible. The patient was discharged with oro‐nasal hygiene instructions and referred for prosthetic rehabilation. As for the cocaine addiction, the patient was in follow‐up with a psychologist in a specialized centre. Conclusion. The care is multidisciplinary. Psychological help and assistance are essential to guide patients to become cocaine free and to avoid a relapse. Weaning is a prerequisite for surgery. Rehabilitation of speech and swallowing is necessary. Many local flaps or micro‐anastomoses are possible.
Learning Cognitive Features as Complementary for Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: Li Huihui , Xiao Xiangling , Liu Xiaoyong , Wen Guihua , Liu Lianqi
Published: June 2024

Facial expression recognition (FER) has a wide range of applications, including interactive gaming, healthcare, security, and human‐computer interaction systems. Despite the impressive performance of FER based on deep learning methods, it remains challenging in real‐world scenarios due to uncontrolled factors such as varying lighting conditions, face occlusion, and pose variations. In contrast, humans are able to categorize objects based on both their inherent characteristics and the surrounding environment from a cognitive standpoint, utilizing concepts such as cognitive relativity. Modeling the cognitive relativity laws to learn cognitive features as feature augmentation may improve the performance of deep learning models for FER. Therefore, we propose a cognitive feature learning framework to learn cognitive features as complementary for FER, which consists of Relative Transformation module (AFRT) and Graph Convolutional Network module (AFGCN). AFRT explicitly creates cognitive relative features that reflect the position relationships between the samples based on human cognitive relativity, and AFGCN implicitly learns the interaction features between expressions as feature augmentation to improve the classification performance of FER. Extensive experimental results on three public datasets show the universality and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Research on Pneumothorax Classification Model of DenseNet Based on Multilayer Network Optimization
Authors: Huang Hongliang , Wang Qike , Wang Lidong
Published: June 2024

This article establishes the DenseNet based on multilayer network optimization (DenseNet‐MNO) using a binary dataset of pneumothorax. This method optimizes multiple network layers and ensures the convergence of the neural network by reducing the learning rate with each iteration. Then, the binary cross‐entropy loss function and accuracy evaluation function iteratively evaluated the effectiveness of the deep learning model and conducted multiple experiments. The experimental results show that during the iteration process, the loss is reduced, and the accuracy is improved. The DenseNet‐MNO classification model has a strong generalization ability and will not overfit. The classification accuracy is between 80% and 85%. The DenseNet‐MNO classification model can accurately detect the condition of pneumothorax, providing technical support for detection technology.
Abstract PO-002: Intrinsically disordered regions -induced CAR condensation improves the cytotoxicity of CAR-Ts against low-antigen cancers
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Xiao Qian , Zeng Longhui , Hashmi Fawzaan , Su Xiaolei
Published: June 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell-based therapies demonstrate remarkable efficacy for the treatment of otherwise intractable cancers, particularly B-cell malignancies. However, CAR-T cells respond to only a subset of cancers and are limited by low signaling efficiency: a few hundred or thousand antigen molecules are required to activate a CAR T cell whereas a single peptide-loaded MHC molecule is sufficient to trigger the activation of a normal T cell. This low antigen sensitivity not only limits the current CAR-T therapy to high antigen-expressing cancers, but also results in high frequencies of relapse, during which high antigen-expressing cancers downregulate their antigen levels to escape CAR-T’s attacking. To improve the antigen sensitivity of CAR-T cells, we engineered CARs targeting CD19 by including intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) that promote signaling condensation. The “IDR CARs” triggered enhanced membrane-proximal signaling in the CAR-T synapse, which led to an increased release of cytotoxic factors, a higher killing activity towards low antigen-expressing cancer cells in vitro, and an improved anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. No elevated tonic signaling was observed in IDR CAR-Ts. Together, we demonstrated IDRs as a new tool set to enhance CAR-T cytotoxicity and to broaden CAR-T’s application to low antigen-expressing cancers.

Citation Format: Xinyan Zhang, Qian Xiao, Longhui Zeng, Fawzaan Hashmi, Xiaolei Su. Intrinsically disordered regions -induced CAR condensation improves the cytotoxicity of CAR-Ts against low-antigen cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Meeting on Advances in Malignant Lymphoma: Maximizing the Basic-Translational Interface for Clinical Application; 2024 Jun 19-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2024;5(3_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-002.
Abstract PO-006: ABBV-319: A CD19–targeting glucocorticoid receptor modulator antibody-drug conjugate therapy for B-cell malignancies
Authors: Chang Chewei (Anderson)
Published: June 2024

Glucocorticoids such as prednisone (P) and dexamethasone (D) are key components in standard-of-care immuno-chemotherapy regimens (e.g., R-CHOP, EPOCH-R, Hyper-CVAD) for the treatment of B-cell malignancy. However, prolonged systemic glucocorticoid treatment is associated with several adverse events that often result in dose reduction and reduced therapeutic efficacy. ABBV-319 is a CD19-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) with a glucocorticoid receptor modulator (GRM) payload engineered to reduce glucocorticoid-associated toxicities while possessing three distinct mechanisms of action (MOA) to increase therapeutic efficacy: (1) CD19 receptor-mediated delivery of potent glucocorticoid receptor modulator (GRM) payload to induce apoptosis, (2) inhibition of B-cell receptor (BCR) stimulated CD19 signaling, and (3) enhanced Fc-mediated effector function via afucosylation of the antibody backbone. ABBV-319 elicited potent GRM-driven anti-tumor activity against multiple malignant B-cell lines in vitro as well as in cell line-derived xenografts (CDXs) and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) in vivo. Remarkably, a single-dose of ABBV-319 induced sustained tumor regression and enhanced anti-tumor activity compared to repeat dosing of systemic prednisolone at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in mice. The unconjugated CD19 monoclonal antibody (mAb) also displayed anti-proliferative activity on a subset of B-cell lymphoma cell lines through the inhibition of PI3K signaling. Moreover, afucosylation of the CD19 mAb enhanced Fc-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and this activity was maintained after conjugation with GRM payload. Notably, ABBV-319 displayed superior efficacy compared to afucosylated CD19 mAb in human CD34+ PBMC-engrafted NSG-tg(Hu-IL15) transgenic mice, demonstrating enhanced anti-tumor activity in vivo when multiple MOAs are enabled concurrently. ABBV-319 also showed potent anti-tumor activity across multiple B-cell lymphoma models, including non-germinal center B-cell (GCB) DLBCL and relapsed lymphoma treated with R-CHOP treatment. Collectively, these data support the ongoing evaluation of ABBV-319 for the treatment of B-cell malignancy in Phase I clinical trial (NCT05512390).

Disclosures: All authors are employees of AbbVie. The design, study conduct, and financial support for this research were provided by AbbVie. AbbVie participated in the interpretation of data, review, and approval of the publication.

Citation Format: Chewei (Anderson) Chang. ABBV-319: A CD19–targeting glucocorticoid receptor modulator antibody-drug conjugate therapy for B-cell malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Meeting on Advances in Malignant Lymphoma: Maximizing the Basic-Translational Interface for Clinical Application; 2024 Jun 19-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2024;5(3_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-006.
Abstract PO-030: Single cell spatial analysis of large B cell lymphoma identifies biomarkers correlated with genetic subtypes and clincal outcomes
Authors: Xu Alexander , Lownik Joseph , Villamejor Anton , Mahov Simeon , Li Ying , Xu-Monette Yidan , Young Ken , Merchant Akil
Published: June 2024

Single cell and multiplex imaging modalities have opened new insights into the organization and architecture of the immune microenvironment of cancer. Our group was one of the first to demonstrate these methods in the analysis of Hodgkin [1,2] and non-Hodgkin lymphoma [3]. Most recently, we demonstrated that spatial biomarkers outperform gene-expression biomarkers in predicting relapse after autologous transplant [4]. Here we present previously unpublished data demonstrating single cell multiplexed spatial analysis, using the imaging mass cytometry platform, in a cohort of 426 patients with large cell lymphoma. Gene expression and mutational analysis are available for a majority of cases allowing us to correlate spatial signature with genetic classes such as LymphGen [5], and deconvolution methods such as EcoTyper [6]. Using this cohort, we identify spatial biomarkers that improve prediction of clinical outcomes beyond cell of origin or genetic subgroup and identify novel targets for clinical development. Finally, we will present our approaches to move our discovery level spatial profiling into clinical diagnostic space through application of automated multiplex immunofluorescence imaging and a machine learning based image analysis pipeline. [1] Aoki T, et al. Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Disease-Defining T-cell Subsets in the Tumor Microenvironment of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancer Discov. 2020 doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-19-0680. [2] Xu, A. et al. Single cell spatial analysis and biomarker discovery in Hodgkin lymphoma. Biorxiv, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.24.542195. [3] Colombo AR, et al. Single-cell spatial analysis of tumor immune architecture in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Adv. 2022 doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007493. [4] Aoki T, et al. Spatially Resolved Tumor Microenvironment Predicts Treatment Outcomes in Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2024 doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.01115. [5] Wright GW, et al. A Probabilistic Classification Tool for Genetic Subtypes of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma with Therapeutic Implications. Cancer Cell. 2020 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.015. [6] Steen CB, et al. The landscape of tumor cell states and ecosystems in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Cancer Cell. 2021 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.08.011.

Citation Format: Alexander Xu, Joseph Lownik, Anton Villamejor, Simeon Mahov, Ying Li, Yidan Xu-Monette, Ken Young, Akil Merchant. Single cell spatial analysis of large B cell lymphoma identifies biomarkers correlated with genetic subtypes and clincal outcomes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Meeting on Advances in Malignant Lymphoma: Maximizing the Basic-Translational Interface for Clinical Application; 2024 Jun 19-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2024;5(3_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-030.
Abstract PR03: Immunosurveillance of precancerous germinal center B cells
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Atkins Oscar , Hung Miu Shing , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Parente Calado Dinis Pedro
Published: June 2024

Most Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHLs) originate from germinal center (GC) or post-GCB cells. While the immune system actively targets precancerous cells in epithelial-derived cancers, it is uncertain if the same applies to precancerous GCB cells. Knowledge on Follicular Lymphoma (FL), the most common low-grade NHL derived from GCB cells, prompted us to develop novel mouse models to mimic the precancerous state. In FL, BCL2 translocation and CREBBP loss-of-function (LoF) mutations are characteristic of a precancerous state. These mutations can be detected years before FL diagnosis, hinting at potential immune involvement in preventing FL. Our research affirms the effectiveness of the mouse models in replicating the FL precancerous state. Mice with BCL2 overexpression (OE) alone or together with CREBBP LoF showed increased GCB cell expansion, up to 6-fold compared to control. This expansion involved reduced GCB cell death rather than increased proliferation, consistent with FL slow-growing nature. Mice harboring mutant GCB cells also exhibited a significant increase in memory B cells, up to 20-fold when compared to control. As the GC reaction progressed, the impact of CREBBP LoF emerged, profoundly altering GCB cell phenotypes, and triggering a remarkable surge in cell expansion, escalating up to 80-fold compared to mice with BCL2 OE alone or control. However, this hyperplasia was swiftly followed by a decline, indicative of immunosurveillance targeting precancerous GCB cells. Prior to the reduction of GCB cells with BCL2 OE and CREBBP LoF, we observed a notable expansion of PD1+ CD8+ T cells expressing granzyme A and perforin. These activated CD8+ T cells also expressed CXCR5, facilitating their infiltrating into the B cell follicle to specifically eliminate GCB cells with BCL2 OE and CREBBP LoF. Preemptive depletion of CD8+ T cell effectively prevented the loss of precancerous GCB cells. The examination of the GC reaction over time provided new perspectives into the immunosurveillance of precancerous GCB cells and FL development. The data supports the concept that precancerous GCB cells must overcome robust anti-tumor immunity for Lymphoma to ensue. This knowledge offers potential explanation for the infrequent and extended duration of the transition from precancerous GCB cells to full-blown FL. These models provide a foundation to explore mechanisms underlying immune evasion by precancerous GCB cells.

Citation Format: Lingling Zhang, Oscar Atkins, Miu Shing Hung, Hans Christian Reinhardt, Dinis Pedro Parente Calado. Immunosurveillance of precancerous germinal center B cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Meeting on Advances in Malignant Lymphoma: Maximizing the Basic-Translational Interface for Clinical Application; 2024 Jun 19-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2024;5(3_Suppl):Abstract nr PR03.
Single-Center Experience of Patients with Plasma Cell Leukemia in the Era of New Therapeutics
Authors: Dampmann Maria , Flossdorf Sarah , Keyl Julius , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Hanoun Christine
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) can occur de novo as primary PCL (pPCL), or in patients with prior diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) as secondary PCL (sPCL). In 2021, the diagnostic criteria have been revised, establishing a new cut-off of ≥5% plasma cells in the peripheral blood. Lacking specific clinical trials, PCL is treated similarly to MM; however, outcome for patients with PCL remains poor. Here, we report outcomes for patients with pPCL and sPCL in the era of novel agents. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis and identified 19 patients (11 pPCL, 8 sPCL) who have been treated for PCL between 2010 and 2022 at University Hospital Essen. Results: Patients with pPCL had a median overall survival (OS) of 37.8 months (95% CI: [15.4; 52.3] months) from diagnosis, with a median time to next treatment (TTNT) of 18.4 (2.0; 22.9) months. All patients were treated with a proteasome-inhibitor (PI)-based induction therapy, and the majority was consolidated with an autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT). Five of these patients received a tandem transplantation. Patients with sPCL had a median OS of only 1.5 months after diagnosis of PCL. Only 1 patient achieved a remission with daratumumab and subsequent allogenic SCT. Conclusion: With our study, we add evidence for a PI-based induction therapy followed by a consolidating autologous SCT for patients with pPCL and give further evidence that a tandem transplant concept might be beneficial. The diagnosis of sPCL remains devastating and needs new therapeutic approaches.
Portal Vein Doppler is a sensitive marker for evaluating venous congestion in End Stage Kidney Disease
Authors: Tonelli Melinda M. , Argaiz Eduardo R. , Pare Joseph R. , Hooker Erika , Kurniawan Helena , Muruganandan Krithika M. , Francis Jean M. , Jaberi Aala
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Determining ultrafiltration volume in patients undergoing intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) is an essential component in the assessment and management of volume status. Venous Excess Ultrasound (VExUS) is a novel tool used to quantify the severity of venous congestion at the bedside. Given the high prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD), venous Doppler could represent a useful tool to monitor decongestion in these patients.

Methods:
This is a prospective observational study conducted in ESKD patients who were admitted to the hospital requiring IHD and Ultrafiltration. Inferior vena cava maximum diameter (IVCd), portal vein Doppler (PVD) and hepatic vein Doppler (HVD) were performed in all patients before and after a single IHD session.

Results:
Forty-one patients were included. The prevalence of venous congestion was 88% based on IVCd and 63% based on portal vein pulsatility fraction (PVPF). Both mean IVCd and PVPF displayed a significant improvement after ultrafiltration. The percent decrease in PVPF was significantly larger than the percent decrease in IVCd. HVD alterations did not significantly improve after ultrafiltration.

Conclusions:
Our study revealed a high prevalence of venous congestion in hospitalized ESKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. After a single IHD session there was a significant improvement in both IVCd and PVPF. HVD showed no significant improvement with one IHD session. PVPF changes were more sensitive than IVCd changes during volume removal. This study suggests that, due to its rapid response to volume removal, PVD, among the various components of the venous excess ultrasound grading system, could be more effective in monitoring real-time decongestion in patients undergoing IHD.
OUTCOME COMPARISON OF LASER-ASSISTED IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS IN VARIOUS DEGREE OF MYOPIA
Authors: Rahmani Syifa , Musa Ine Renata
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The femtosecond Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis (fs-LASIK) procedure is commonly used for myopia correction because of good efficacy, safety, and predictability. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of the fs-LASIK procedure among myopia groups in Cicendo Eye Hospital from January to December 2021. 
Methods: This retrospective study included 212 patients (399 eyes) and the data were obtained from medical records from January 2021 to December 2021 using ICD-10 coding for LASIK (S0800), consisting of fs-LASIK procedures. The outcome variables were safety index, and efficacy index. 
Results: The median of safety index was not statistically significant different between groups, 1,00(0,50-1,67) in low myopia, 1,00(0,20-1,43) in moderate myopia, and 1,00(0,30-3,33) in high myopia. The median of efficacy index was statistically significant different between groups, 1,00(0,40-1,67) in low myopia, 1,00(0,20-1,43) in moderate myopia, and 1,00(0,30-3,33) in high myopia. The proportion of eye with UCVA > 6/12 on the first month after the procedure was higher in the mild myopia group (223;99,2%) than in moderate myopia (87;98,8%) and high myopia (77;88,5%) with p=0,0001. The proportion of eye with BCVA > 6/12 on the first month after the procedure was also higher in the mild myopia group (224;100%) than in moderate myopia (87;98,8%) and high myopia (82;94,3%) with p=0,0001. 
Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference of the safety index between groups. The efficacy index was statistically significant different between groups.
New World Orphanostigma Guenée, 1854, including a new species from Costa Rica (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae)
Authors: SOLIS M. ALMA , COCK MATTHEW J. W. , JANZEN DANIEL , HALLWACHS WINNIE
Published: June 2024

Orphanostigma haemorrhoidalis Guenée, 1854, was described from Brazil and introduced worldwide for the biological control of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae). Orphanostigma futilalis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1914), rev. stat., described from south Texas, United States, is removed from synonymy with O. haemorrhoidalis. We designate lectotypes for O. futilalis, new lectotype, and O. haemorrhoidalis, new lectotype, to stabilize the names of these species. We describe Orphanostigma eugeniephillipsia Solis, sp. nov., from Costa Rica and provide adult and genitalia images for all three New World species.
Three new species, one subspecies, and new records of the Oriental genus Loeblites Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: June 2024

Loeblites is a small genus of Oriental Scydmaeninae, currently comprising only five species distributed in Thailand, Malaysia (Sabah), China (Yunnan), and the Philippines (Mindanao). Loeblites anaiensis sp. n. (Sumatra), L. umphangensis sp. n. (Thailand), L. pseudominor pseudominor sp. n. (Borneo, Thailand), and L. pseudominor sumatrensis subsp. n. (Sumatra) are described. New records for L. sabahensis Franz in Sarawak are reported, a species so far known to occur only in Sabah. Identification key to species of Loeblites is given.
Response of the Newly Released Shaga Rice Variety to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates in Vertisols of Fogera and Achefer Plain, North Western Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Zelalem , Assega Habtamu , Tafere Christian
Published: June 2024

An experiment was conducted at Fogera and Achefer in the year 2020/21 and 2021/22 cropping seasons. Treatments were comprised of factorial combinations of five N levels (0, 92, 184, 276 and 368 kg ha-1) and four P2O5 levels (0, 23, 46 & 92 kg ha-1) replicated three times in RCB Design. The objective of the experiment was to determine economically optimum rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on yield and yield components of shaga rice variety. Data were collected on plant height, panicle length, number of tillers, number of fertile panicles, thousand seeds weight, grain yield, straw yield, and harvest index. All collected data were subjected to analysis of variance. Economic analysis was also done for yield. The combined analysis of the two years result showed that very highly (P<0.001) significant effect on plant height, number of total tillers per row meter length. And number of fertile panicles per row meter length, grain yield, and straw yield. most of yield component parameters and highly significantly affecting number of filled grain per panicle and number of tillers per row meter length. The highest grain yield (4.76 and 6.56 t ha-1) was obtained at 184-46 N- P2O5 kg ha-1 in Fogera and Achefer, respectively. The economic analysis has exhibited that the combined application of 184-46 N- P2O5 kg ha-1 is the most profitable treatment, with a mean net benefit of 74430.00- and 115994.00-Birr ha-1 for Fogera and Achefer, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that application of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers at rates of 184-46 N- P2O5 kg ha-1 is the best recommended rate for rainfed lowland shaga rice variety in Fogera and Achefer plains and other similar agroecology.
From wings to whiskers to stem cells: why every model matters in fragile X syndrome research
Authors: Sandoval Soraya O. , Méndez-Albelo Natasha M. , Xu Zhiyan , Zhao Xinyu
Published: June 2024

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by epigenetic silencing of the X-linked fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene located on chromosome Xq27.3, which leads to the loss of its protein product, fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP). It is the most prevalent inherited form of intellectual disability and the highest single genetic cause of autism. Since the discovery of the genetic basis of FXS, extensive studies using animal models and human pluripotent stem cells have unveiled the functions of FMRP and mechanisms underlying FXS. However, clinical trials have not yielded successful treatment. Here we review what we have learned from commonly used models for FXS, potential limitations of these models, and recommendations for future steps.
Restricted antennal movement impacts the tandem running dynamics in a ponerine ant
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Snigdha , Halder Subhashis , Halder Eshika , Annagiri Sumana
Published: June 2024

Background

Tandem running is a recruitment method found in some species of ants where one ant follows another ant to reach a destination having maintained a physical contact with its antennae, throughout the journey. It is considered that the exchange of information regarding the destination among the nestmates happened during the process of tandem running. We examined the impact of restricting antennal movement on tandem running by using Diacamma indicum, a tandem-running ponerine ant by following 480 tandem runs across 9 treatment colonies and comparing it with 10 control relocating colonies.

Result

Though all the 19 colonies relocated successfully, treatment colonies took significantly longer time to do so. Restricted antennal movement did not influence the ability to become tandem leaders, initiate tandem runs or the work organization significantly. However, antennae-restricted ants performed fewer tandem runs and took significantly longer time. Followers with single or both antennae-restriction performed significantly higher number of interruptions and the alignment between the leader and follower was impacted as antenna-restricted followers subtended a greater angle and walked more to the side of the leader as compared to the control followers.

Conclusion

This study showed unhindered movement of the followers’ antennae is important for tandem-running ants. In the next step, to gain a comprehensive understanding of this recruitment method, it is essential to individually delineate different sensory modalities.
Predictive models of Alzheimer’s disease dementia risk in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and critical appraisal
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Zhou Shi , Ye Niansi , Li Yucan , Zhou Pengjun , Chen Gao , Hu Hui
Published: June 2024

Background

Mild cognitive impairment has received widespread attention as a high-risk population for Alzheimer’s disease, and many studies have developed or validated predictive models to assess it. However, the performance of the model development remains unknown.

Objective

The objective of this review was to provide an overview of prediction models for the risk of Alzheimer’s disease dementia in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Method

PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and MEDLINE were systematically searched up to October 19, 2023. We included cohort studies in which risk prediction models for Alzheimer’s disease dementia in older adults with mild cognitive impairment were developed or validated. The Predictive Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was employed to assess model bias and applicability. Random-effects models combined model AUCs and calculated (approximate) 95% prediction intervals for estimations. Heterogeneity across studies was evaluated using the I2 statistic, and subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate sources of heterogeneity. Additionally, funnel plot analysis was utilized to identify publication bias.

Results

The analysis included 16 studies involving 9290 participants. Frequency analysis of predictors showed that 14 appeared at least twice and more, with age, functional activities questionnaire, and Mini-mental State Examination scores of cognitive functioning being the most common predictors. From the studies, only two models were externally validated. Eleven studies ultimately used machine learning, and four used traditional modelling methods. However, we found that in many of the studies, there were problems with insufficient sample sizes, missing important methodological information, lack of model presentation, and all of the models were rated as having a high or unclear risk of bias. The average AUC of the 15 best-developed predictive models was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.90).

Discussion

Most published predictive modelling studies are deficient in rigour, resulting in a high risk of bias. Upcoming research should concentrate on enhancing methodological rigour and conducting external validation of models predicting Alzheimer’s disease dementia. We also emphasize the importance of following the scientific method and transparent reporting to improve the accuracy, generalizability and reproducibility of study results.

Registration

This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (Registration ID: CRD42023468780).
Understanding factors for adhering to health recommendations during COVID-19 among older adults - a qualitative interview study using health belief model as analytical framework
Authors: Gustavsson Johanna , Beckman Linda
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a unique possibility to broaden the understanding of people’s reactions to a global crisis. Early on, it became evident that older adults were particularly vulnerable to the virus and that the actions of this age group would be crucial to the outcome. This qualitative interview study uses the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework as an analytical tool to examine older people’s experiences of adherence to recommendations during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to view this study in the context of Sweden’s voluntary restrictions, which further highlight the unique nature of this research.

Method

In April-May 2020, 41 adults aged 70–85 participated in unstructured phone interviews. The objective was to investigate older adults’ perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly their understanding of the disease and the conditions that influenced their adherence to health recommendations. HBM was used as an analytical framework to guide the analysis of the interviews.

Results

Despite perceiving COVID-19 as a severe threat to health and society, participants did not let fear dominate their responses. Instead, they demonstrated remarkable resilience and a proactive approach. For some, the perceived susceptibility to the disease was the primary motivator for adherence to the Swedish national recommendations. Notably, trust in the authorities and family members’ requests significantly bolstered adherence. Moreover, adherence was found to contribute to feelings of safety. Conversely, potential barriers to adhering to recommendations included missing loved ones and frustration with sometimes ambiguous information from authorities.

Conclusions

The results from this study indicate that older adults are willing to adhere to voluntary restrictions during a global pandemic. Relatives of older people are a resource for communicating information regarding safety and health messages, a message that is preferably thorough and consistent. Further, much can be gained if loneliness during isolation can be mitigated since missing loved ones appears to be a potential barrier to adherence.
Prolonged 14-day continuous infusion of high-dose ifosfamide for patients with relapsed and refractory high-grade osteosarcoma: a retrospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Tirtei Elisa , Campello Anna , Sciannameo Veronica , Asaftei Sebastian Dorin , Meazza Cristina , Sironi Giovanna , Longhi Alessandra , Ibrahim Toni , Tamburini Angela , Coccoli Luca , Crocco Fanj , Cagnazzo Celeste , De Luna Elvira , Quarello Paola , Berchialla Paola , Fagioli Franca
Published: June 2024

Background

The prognosis of patients with Relapsed/Refractory Osteosarcoma (R/R OS) remains dismal without an agreement on systemic therapy. The use of High-Dose Ifosfamide (14 g/sqm) with an external pump in outpatient setting (14-IFO) in R/R OS patients is limited. This study represents the first retrospective cohort analysis focused on evaluating the activity and toxicity of 14-IFO in this setting.

Patients and methods

The study investigated 14-IFO activity, in terms of tumour response according to RECIST 1.1 criteria, as well as survival rates and toxicity, according to CTCAE v.5.

Results

The trial enrolled 26 patients with R/R OS. The Overall Response Rate (ORR) and Disease Control Rate (DCR) obtained was 23% and 57.5%, respectively. Patients with relapsed OS showed a higher ORR (45%) and DCR (82%) compared to refractory patients, irrespective of the number of prior treatment lines received. The achievement of disease control with 14-IFO administration enabled 27% of patients to undergo new local treatment. Four-month Progression-Free Survival (PFS) was 54% for all patients and 82% for the relapsed OS sub-group. Median Overall Survival (OSurv) was 13.7 months, with 1-year OSurv of 51% for all patients and 71% for relapsed patients. Age over 18 years and the presence of refractory disease were identified as negative prognostic factors for this patient cohort. A total of 101 cycles were evaluated for toxic assessment, demonstrating a tolerable profile without grade 3–4 non-haematological toxicities.

Conclusions

14-IFO should be considered a viable treatment option for R/R OS, particularly due to its well tolerated toxicity profile and the potential for home-administration, which can improve patient quality of life without compromising efficacy.
What is the impact of microbiota on dry eye: a literature review of the gut-eye axis
Authors: Song Jiaping , Dong He , Wang Tingting , Yu He , Yu Jian , Ma Shaokang , Song Xiaohai , Sun Qianhui , Xu Yongcheng , Liu Mingkai
Published: June 2024

Background

Dry eye is a chronic and multifactorial ocular surface disease caused by tear film instability or imbalance in the microenvironment of the ocular surface. It can lead to various discomforts such as inflammation of the ocular surface and visual issues. However, the mechanism of dry eye is not clear, which results in dry eye being only relieved but not cured in clinical practice. Finding multiple environmental pathways for dry eye and exploring the pathogenesis of dry eye have become the focus of research. Studies have found that changes in microbiota may be related to the occurrence and development of dry eye disease.

Methods

Entered the keywords “Dry eye”, “Microbiota”, “Bacteria” through PUBMED, summarised the articles that meet the inclusion criteria and then filtered them while the publication time range of the literature was defined in the past 5 years, with a deadline of 2023.A total of 13 clinical and 1 animal-related research articles were screened out and included in the summary.

Results

Study found that different components of bacteria can induce ocular immune responses through different receptors present on the ocular surface, thereby leading to an imbalance in the ocular surface microenvironment. Changes in the ocular surface microbiota and gut microbiota were also found when dry eye syndrome occurs, including changes in diversity, an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria, and a decrease in short-chain fatty acid-related bacterial genera that produce anti-inflammatory effects. Fecal microbiota transplantation or probiotic intervention can alleviate signs of inflammation on the ocular surface of dry eye animal models.

Conclusions

By summarizing the changes in the ocular surface and intestinal microbiota when dry eye occurs, it is speculated and concluded that the intestine may affect the occurrence of eye diseases such as dry eye through several pathways and mechanisms, such as the occurrence of abnormal immune responses, microbiota metabolites- intervention of short-chain fatty acids, imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, and release of neurotransmitters, etc. Analyzing the correlation between the intestinal tract and the eyes from the perspective of microbiota can provide a theoretical basis and a new idea for relieving dry eyes in multiple ways in the future.
Nomogram construction and validation of axial deviation in patients with tibial defects treated with the Ilizarov bone transport technique
Authors: Yang Jinghong , Wang Zi , Jiang Lujun , Tang Lian , Li Zhong , Liu Yanshi
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The Ilizarov bone transport technique is widely recognised as an effective method for treating large segment bone defects in clinical practice. However, axial deviation is a common complication in the treatment of tibial large segment bone defects, which can have a serious impact on the clinical efficacy of bone transport. Our study aims to construct and validate a nomogram for predicting axial deviation of tibial bone transport.

Method

This study retrospectively collected data from 363 patients who underwent the tibial Ilizarov technique for bone transport. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent risk factors for axial deviation, which were later used to construct a nomogram. The nomogram was evaluated using the decision curve analysis (DCA), the calibration curve, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

Of the 363 patients who underwent Ilizarov tibial bone transport, 31.7% (115/363) experienced axial deviation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender, height, defect site, and external fixation index were important risk factors for axial deviation. The AUC value of the nomogram model was 0.705. The calibration curve and the decision curve analysis showed a good consistency between the actual axial deviation and the predicted probability.

Conclusion

The model assigns a quantitative risk score to each variable, which can be used to predict the risk of axial deviation during tibial bone transport.
Association of disease severity and genetic variation during primary Respiratory Syncytial Virus infections
Authors: Bender William , Zhang Yun , Corbett Anthony , Chu Chinyi , Grier Alexander , Wang Lu , Qiu Xing , McCall Matthew N. , Topham David J. , Walsh Edward E. , Mariani Thomas J. , Scheuermann Richard , Caserta Mary T. , Anderson Christopher S.
Published: June 2024

Background

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) disease in young children ranges from mild cold symptoms to severe symptoms that require hospitalization and sometimes result in death. Studies have shown a statistical association between RSV subtype or phylogenic lineage and RSV disease severity, although these results have been inconsistent. Associations between variation within RSV gene coding regions or residues and RSV disease severity has been largely unexplored.

Methods

Nasal swabs from children (< 8 months-old) infected with RSV in Rochester, NY between 1977–1998 clinically presenting with either mild or severe disease during their first cold-season were used. Whole-genome RSV sequences were obtained using overlapping PCR and next-generation sequencing. Both whole-genome phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic statistical approaches were performed to associate RSV genotype with disease severity.

Results

The RSVB subtype was statistically associated with disease severity. A significant association between phylogenetic clustering of mild/severe traits and disease severity was also found. GA1 clade sequences were associated with severe disease while GB1 was significantly associated with mild disease. Both G and M2-2 gene variation was significantly associated with disease severity. We identified 16 residues in the G gene and 3 in the M2-2 RSV gene associated with disease severity.

Conclusion

These results suggest that phylogenetic lineage and the genetic variability in G or M2-2 genes of RSV may contribute to disease severity in young children undergoing their first infection.
Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation programmes and/or respiratory muscle training in patients with post-COVID conditions: a systematic review
Authors: Ortiz-Ortigosa Lucía , Gálvez-Álvarez Paula , Viñolo-Gil María Jesús , Rodriguez-Huguet Manuel , Góngora-Rodríguez Jorge , Martín-Valero Rocío
Published: June 2024

Background

The term “post-COVID-19 condition” refers to the symptomatology that appears between four to twelve weeks after Covid-19 infection. These symptoms can persist for weeks or even months, significantly diminishing the quality of life for affected individuals. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation programs and/or respiratory muscle training on respiratory sequelae in patients with post-COVID condition.

Methods

The literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, PEDro, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science. Randomized clinical trials were included in which participants were aged 18 years or older. Articles were excluded if at least one of the therapies did not involve pulmonary rehabilitation or respiratory muscle training, if the participants were COVID positive, if studies lacked results, and finally, if interventions were conducted without supervision or at home. This review only encompasses supervised non-virtual interventions. This study adheres to the PRISMA statement and has been registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023433843).

Results

The outcomes obtained in the included studies are assessed across the following variables: Exercise capacity using the 6-minute walk test, Dyspnea, fatigue, Pulmonary function, Maximum inspiratory pressure, and Quality of life.

Conclusion

Despite the absence of a specific treatment at present, it was evident from this review that a well-structured pulmonary rehabilitation program that incorporates both aerobic and muscular strength exercises along with techniques and inspiratory muscle exercises was the most effective form of treatment.