bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(The effect of personal and family factors in the establishment of pilot project (Field study on Higher Education students in Dhofar Governorate: أثر العوامل الشخصية والعائلية في نية تأسيس المشروع الريادي (دراسة ميدانية على طلبة التعليم العالي بمحافظة ظفار)
Authors: Ahmed Hamed Ahmed Koufan -    Samir Marwan Hamami
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to investigate the impact of personal factors and family and the surrounding environment in the establishment of the pilot project and to identify the relative importance of each factor of personal factors, and analysis of statistical relationship between them and the establishment of the private project, who plays the role of great importance in the development of economic development and community-based organizations, the multiplicity of sources of income, providing job opportunities for the high rate, where formed a sample search of (474) personnel, university professors and university students, as was the distribution of (474) identification. It was tested hypotheses search containing statistical method descriptive, and testing and analysis Al-ameli Factor analysis and the use of the regression technique between the variables using the statistical program SPSS.
Impact of Strategic Management Practice on Marketing Strategies in Sudan telecommunication market: أثر ممارسة الإدارة الاستراتيجية على الاستراتيجيات التسويقية في سوق اتصالات الهاتف بالسودان
Authors: Ali Abbas Abu Setah
Published: May 2021

The research aimed at testing the relationship between strategic management practice and marketing strategies, and to explore how could practicing strategic management effects on marketing strategies. The study is important as it is a try to contribute in completing the efforts of researchers who wanted to fill the gab concerned with source difference in performance. There is positive relationship between strategic management practice and marketing strategies. The research based on descriptive and analytical methodology. The data collected from its sources to build theoretical background in the research area. Statistical methods were used for descriptive and analytical description and analysis field study data and to test hypotheses. Data were collected by questionnaire distributed to a random sample represented employees in Sudan, telecommunication companies. The validity and the reliability of the study tool were verified by pilot study.  The findings of the study showed that the companies are at primary steps of the strategic management practice and do not care about pricing. Also the study founded that strategic management practice affect positively on marketing strategies and its biggest effect on marketing communications while its less effect on product development and technology. The research recommended that the companies have to, exercise all steps of strategic management practice, take care for pricing, and concentrate more on product development and technology.
Use of the Virtual Reality Environment to Improve the Self-efficacy of Faculty Members in the Production of Electronic Courses: أثر استخدام بيئة الواقع الافتراضي (Blackboard) في تحسين الكفاءة الذاتية لإنتاج المقررات الإلكترونية لدى أعضاء هيئة التدريس بجامعة المجمعة
Authors: Kholod Khaled Almandeel
Published: May 2021

The study is amid to evaluate the impact of virtual blackboard Environment in optimizing the quality and skills of the staff of Majmaah University, in order to develop the e- curriculums, and their satisfaction of Virtual Blackboard. The researcher has applied the quasi-experimental design which based on individual group, to evaluate the impact of virtual blackboard Environment in optimizing the quality and skills of the staff. The researcher has also applied the descriptive approach to measure staff satisfaction on the virtual blackboard Environment. A purposive sample was selected which comprised (25) university staff of Majmaah. The sample of study of staff has been trained to develop e-curriculums. The study was conducted within two questionnaires; the first one was dedicated to measure the impact of in optimizing the quality and skills of developing the e-curriculums; the second one was dedicated to evaluate the satisfaction of the staff of applying Virtual Blackboard Environment. Consequently, the study tools and treatment have been conducted, and the results indicated that there were statistically significant of Virtual Blackboard Environment in optimizing the quality and skills of developing the Virtual Blackboard environment within the study sample. The results also indicated that there was significant satisfaction of applying the Virtual Blackboard environment within the study sample in developing the e-curriculums. The satisfaction average was reached to (2.55) and (78%). The researcher proposed appropriate recommendations including stimulation of the staff within the universities to develop the e-curriculums and progressing it, which tends to optimize the quality and skills of the staff in this scope.
Reading in the developments of arbitration systems in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia: A comparative study: تطورات أنظمة التحكيم في السعودية وماليزيا: دراسة مقارنة
Authors: Mohammad Khaled Abdul Wahab, Muhammad Naim bin Omar
Published: May 2021

This research aims at a quick and effective solution to economic, commercial and other disputes. The Saudi legislator and the Malaysian legislature have taken measures that resulted in a series of regulations related to strengthening the arbitration system and law in both countries. Accordingly, the follower of the legislative systems and arbitration laws in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia will stand on the apparent progress and developments in the field of trade and economic development that (countries are witnessing) in all private and public sectors, with the use of appropriate mechanisms to resolve disputes, bearing in mind that the new Saudi system and the Malaysian law are based on the issue Arbitration to the UNCITRAL Model Law (which made it incumbent upon them to keep abreast of developments in line with the rules of Islamic law). The research used scientific methods, including: the analytical approach: to highlight and analyze the features of arbitration in the Saudi arbitration system and the Malaysian Arbitration Law. The inductive approach: in the extrapolation of the Saudi arbitration system and the Malaysian arbitration law. The comparative approach: In comparing the two systems, the Saudi arbitration system and the Malaysian arbitration law. The most important findings of the researchers, including: 1. Keeping pace with the new Saudi arbitration system and the Malaysian Arbitration Law for the concrete developments in the field of arbitration. 2. The Saudi system and the Malaysian law for arbitration recognize international control decisions and give them the executive formula that was not clearly contrary to the general international system. The researchers recommended wills, including: Developing data for everything related to the procedures and references required by the arbitration process, so that it relies on clear and accurate data so that it is within the reach of litigants who want to conduct the way of arbitration to resolve their disputes instead of the regular judiciary. Create a list of arbitrators specialized in various types of disputes and attract competencies in the field of Sharia and law without age or nationality as a barrier for them. Develop strategic plans for the establishment of a specialized body, whose task is to settle disputes in peace, and provide the necessary assistance to litigants to implement the award after its issuance.
The psychometric characteristics of assessment of the indicators of school performance in the light of redressing skills of high school students in the Taif Government: الخصائص السيكومترية لمقياس الأداء المدرسي في ضوء تقويم مهارات طلاب المرحلة الثانوية بمحافظة الطائف
Authors: Khaled Safar Al- Thabaiti
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to verify the psychometric characteristics of assessment of the indicators of school performance in the light of redressing skills of high school students in the Taif Government. And to achieve aims of that study, the descriptive analysis was used. The sample size was 542 of high school students, they were selected by stratified random sampling. The researcher prepared a scale that included 48 sections, and the scale was verified by using factor analysis 'exploratory and confirmatory ones', and measurement of validity of internal consistency 'Construct validity' by using Pearson correlation coefficient, the scale reliability was verified by using Cronbach Alpha coefficient and test- retest coefficient. Also, Independent samples T- test was used to find the differences according to the specialization variable. The study showed the availability of validity indications of the scale of indicators of school performance in the light of redressing skills of high school students in the Taif Government, through the face validity and validity of internal consistency 'Construct validity'. In addition to, discriminant validity and construct validity, by using factor analysis of principal factors. The reliability of the scale was verified and the scale was characterized by good and acceptable reliability coefficients, as the test- retest reliability coefficient = 0.85, while reliability coefficient of internal consistency according to Cronbach Alpha equation = 0.89 for the entire scale. The results showed presence of statically significant differences in the total score and all the aspects of the scale of indicators of school performance in the light of redressing skills of high school students in the Taif Government due to differences in specializations of sample size, and the differences were prejudiced in favor of students of scientific specialization. According to the results of the study, the researcher recommended using the scale of indicators of school performance in the light of redressing skills of high school students in the Taif Government as it's characterized by good validity and reliability indications.
The Effect of Interaction between the control pattern and the style of activities' guidance in the multimedia software on developing the skills of using internet with intermediate level students
Authors: Khaled Mohammed Ali Al- Ayafi , Mohammed Zaidan Abdul Hamid
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to identify the effect of interaction among the control pattern (Controlled- Uncontrolled) and the style of activities' guidance (guided- not guided) of the multimedia software on developing the skills of using internet with intermediate level students. The researcher used the experimental method and depended on the semi- experimental design. In the light of the study results, the study recommended conducting similar study on different educational levels, as well as putting into consideration the control patterns and styles of activities guidance when designing educational software so as to contribute in the process of achieving aims.
The issue of alternative evaluation in teaching Arabic between supporters and opponents: قضية التقويم البديل في تعليم اللغة العربية بين مؤيد ومعارض من وجهة نظر معلمي اللغة العربية في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: Wafaa Hafez Al-awaydhi, Jaliyah Hassan Al-harisi
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to identify the percentage of both supporters and opponents of the alternative evaluation, detect the reasons for both support and opposition to the alternative evaluation from the viewpoint of teachers of the Arabic language in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The survey descriptive method was used, the research sample consisted of (150) male and female teachers, and the researcher prepared a questionnaire to collect data. The results showed that (70.67%) of the total research sample are supporters for the alternative evaluation, whereas, (29.33%) of the total research sample are opponents to the alternative evaluation. The most important reasons of supporting the alternative evaluation were: the alternative evaluation is based on placing the student in real situations or simulating the reality and monitoring his responses in it, and achieving justice in the evaluation of students, and provides multiple opportunities for students to master the academic subject, and makes students use their skills and knowledge to accomplish any task, and allows continuity of learning. The most important reasons of Opposition to the alternative evaluation were: The alternative evaluation is not appropriate due to the density of students and the nature of the special courses in the Arabic language, and it is difficult to properly apply it according to its rules, and it strives for the student due to a large number of tests. In light of the study results, some recommendations were formulated.
Utilizing realistic assessment strategies and tools in the assessment of students of the upper elementary stage in public schools in Zarqa I - Jordan
Authors: Yousry Abdel Rahim Yousef Al Najjar
Published: May 2021

The objective of this research is to investigate the extent to which teachers and teachers are employed for real-life evaluation strategies and tools in the public schools of Zarqa I, Jordan. The research used the survey method and quantitative qualitative analytical research method. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 100 teachers from various disciplines. The results of the study showed that the degree of teachers' reliance on the realistic assessment strategies based on communication (questions and answers), observation (automatic), paper and pen (multiple choice) and self assessment were the highest among the teachers with average (4.55) (5). As for the evaluation tools, the monitoring lists topped the highest (4.99), followed by the digital estimation scales (4.41). The results of the study showed that there were no statistically significant differences due to gender, specialization or years of service. There were statistically significant differences due to the variable receiving training courses for realistic evaluation strategies. In light of the results, a number of recommendations were recommended to improve the evaluation of the basic stage students in Jordan.
The level of organizational citizenship behavior for female primary school teachers in Buraydah: مستوى سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية لدى معلمات المرحلة الابتدائية الحكومية في مدينة بريدة من وجهة نظرهن
Authors: Luluh Ibrahem Ali Alsamani, Ali Saleh Ali Alshaya
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the level of organizational citizenship behavior among primary school teachers in the city of Buraidah from their point of view, and to reveal the existence of statistical significance differences attributable to the two variables (years of experience, specialization), and the study used the survey descriptive approach, and the tool was represented in the scale developed ( niehoff & moorman, 1993) to collect data, and it was applied to a simple random sample of 334 female teachers, and the results reached showed that the level of organizational citizenship behavior for primary school teachers in Buraidah obtained a total average (4.04 out of 5), that is, to a large degree, At the dimensional level; After civility, the highest mean was obtained (4.38), followed by civilized behavior with an average (4.24), both with an estimate (very large), followed by the conscience dimension with an average (4.05), then altruism after an average (4.04) and finally The mathematical dimension is an average of (3.48) and it is all rated (large), while the proposals got an average of (2.64 out of 3), i.e. important (with a great degree). There are also statistically significant differences in the level of organizational citizenship behavior attributable to the different years of experience, while there are no statistically significant differences in the level of organizational citizenship behavior due to the difference in specialization, except for the dimension of the conscience in favor of scientific specializations, and based on the results a set of recommendations and proposals were made to improve the level of organizational citizenship behavior for female primary school teachers in the city of Buraidah and the whole of the Kingdom.
The impact of knowledge management on performance at work and the extent to which competitive advantage is achieved – General Directorate of Education, North Alsharqia Governorate, Sultanate of Oman as an Example –: أثر إدارة المعرفة على الأداء في العمل ومدى تحقيق الميزة التنافسية – المديرية العامة للتربية والتعليم بمحافظة شمال الشرقية بسلطنة عمان نموذجا –
Authors: Ali Saif Saud Alyaarubi
Published: May 2021

This study seeks to determine the impact of knowledge management on performance at work and the extent of achieving competitive advantage In the north-eastern region of the Sultanate of Oman, this requires: Determining what is the reality of knowledge management, how well the administrative staff realizes the concept of knowledge management, what is the role of knowledge management in improving the performance of internal operations and what are the proposals to develop institutional performance in the Directorate of Education in the North Eastern Province in the light of knowledge management processes? The researcher used the descriptive method and reached many results, most notably: • The degree of impact of the reality of knowledge management came in a medium degree, while the degree of influence of the administrative staff’s awareness of the concept of knowledge management is high. The impact of knowledge management operations currently practiced in the Directorate of Education in North Eastern Province in terms of diagnosis, setting goals for generation, storage, publishing, application) came to an intermediate degree, where knowledge and information are stored electronically for easy retrieval, with the need to pay more attention that the leadership work to reward employees according to their contributions in spreading knowledge. • There are statistically significant differences between the averages of the responses of the study individuals on knowledge management processes and their relationship to the distinction of institutional performance according to the variable of the academic qualification in the field of the level of excellence in institutional performance, where the level of significance was less than (0.05) and came in favor of the lowest category of diploma in the scientific qualification, This may be due to the lack of experience of this group to know the reality of the problem and its dimensions and deal with it less than other groups. The study recommends the following: 1) Establishing a support team for the Quality Department representing the various departments in order to work on spreading the concept of knowledge management and organizing its operations. 2) Work to include knowledge management within the strategic plans of the departments. 3) Work to create a supportive culture to produce, share and invest knowledge. 4) Adopting knowledge management as a standard for evaluating the performance of employees and departments.
Perceived parental acceptance and rejection and its relationship to Alexithymia disorder among adolescents with the Autism Spectrum at integrated schools in Jeddah: القبول والرفض الوالدي المدرك وعلاقته باضطراب الأليكسيثيميا لدى المراهقين ذوي طيف الأوتيزم بمدارس الدمج بمدينة جدة
Authors: Khalid Mohammad Qalyoubi
Published: May 2021

The study aims to reveal the relationship of parental acceptance/ rejection by the (father- mother) as perceived by the children and the disorder of Alexithymia among a sample of adolescents with an Autism spectrum, with some demographic variables (gender- economic and social level- the work of the mother). Depending on the descriptive analytical approach The sample of the study consisted of (40) male and female adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Their ages ranged between (15: less than 19 years). A measure of parental acceptance and rejection (the mother-father version) was applied to them (was translated into Arabic by Mamdouha Salama, 2011), Toranto Scale of Alexithymia (translated into Arabic by Aladdin Kafafi- Fouad Al-Dawash 2011), and The Economic and Social Level List prepared (Razan Kurdi, 2012), was applied on the sample of study. The results indicated that a statistically significant correlation between parental acceptance- rejections by the (father-mother), as perceived by the children and between their alexithymia. The results also indicated there are differences between parents in the awareness of children of the acceptance and parental refusal in the direction of the mothers. The results also indicated Parental acceptance and rejection (the image of the mother) differed according to some demographic variables (gender in the direction of males- economic and social level in the direction of the high level- mother's work in the direction of non-working mothers). The results also indicated that Parental acceptance and rejection (the image of the father) differed according to some demographic variables (gender in the direction of female- economic and social level in the direction of the high level). Alexithymia also differed according to some demographic variables (gender in the direction of males- economic and social level in the direction of high level- mother's work in the direction of non-working mothers).
The Role of Accounting Mechanisms for Corporate Governance in Reducing Creative Accounting Practices in Telecommunications Sector Companies in Riyadh City: An Empirical Study: دور الآليات المحاسبية لحوكمة الشركات في الحد من ممارسات المحاسبة الإبداعية في شركات قطاع الاتصالات بمدينة الرياض: دراسة ميدانية
Authors: Lamis Jameel Banasser, Maha Faisal Alsayegh
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the role of accounting mechanisms for corporate governance in reducing creative accounting practices in telecommunications sector companies in Riyadh city. A descriptive analytical approach was followed to conduct the field study. Sample of the study consisted of members of the audit committee, internal auditors, accountants from the surveyed telecommunications’ sector companies, and the external auditors in the audit offices that specialized on auditing the examined sample of companies. Questionnaire was used as a data collection method. Results showed that activating the role of accounting mechanisms for corporate governance can greatly contribute in limiting creative accounting practices. As they are controlling mechanisms that capable of protecting companies, shareholders and stakeholders from any manipulation or misleading information in the financial statements. Further, internal audit plays a major role in limiting creative accounting practices by examining and evaluating the effectiveness of the internal control system. Furthermore, the independence and competence of the external auditor and his commitment to the rules of conduct and ethics of the profession contribute greatly in limiting creative accounting practices in the examined companies. The study recommended the necessity of holding specialized training courses for members of audit committees, internal auditors and external auditors on methods of detecting creative accounting practices to combat and reduce them.
The issue of using colloquial dialect while teaching Arabic language courses in schools and universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: قضية استخدام اللهجة العامية أثناء تدريس مقررات اللغة العربية بمدارس وجامعات المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: Wafa Hafez Al-Awaidi, Ebtehal Yahya Al-Ahmadi
Published: May 2021

The study targeted decisiveness in the issue of using colloquial dialect during teaching the Arabic language courses in schools and universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to achieve the goal of the study using researchers the descriptive survey method and an electronic questionnaire was designed and enabled the integrity of questions linguistically and then it was published in the educational community and the study community may be from all The teachers of the Arabic language in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia who are participants in the questionnaires (5,100) individuals, then the opinions were statistically addressed using percentages and extending the inventory of the percentage of supporters and opponents and the reasons for each team, and the election period in favor of the opponents Yen Bin Baba (68.63), and one of the main reasons for the opposition is the necessity of preserving classical Arabic, which is the language of the Holy Qur’an, and that the use of colloquial language impedes students from using classical soundly and impedes their understanding of the Arabic language. Concerning the percentage of supporters (31.37), one of the most important reasons for their support is because students use colloquiality in their daily lives so they are accustomed to hearing it, and it helps to understand some meanings and the arrival of the information.
Handling the weakness of school discipline in the teacher or student in innovative methods
Authors: Laila Ahmed lahik Habiri
Published: May 2021

The research aimed to reveal the reality of school discipline in teachers and students in Mahayel Asir province in Saudi Arabia. And the researcher followed the descriptive analytical method in his study, as he used the questionnaire and interview as a tool of the research, and it was distributed to a random sample made up of workers in the educational corps by the processing of data coordinate of (SPSS) system. The research revealed a several causes of the weakness of school punctuality such as the role of economic and social levels, and after viewing the results, the researcher recommended a number of suggestions and proposals to handle the weakness of discipline of the teacher or student with a modern innovative methods in the province of Mahayel Asir in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The degree of involvement of the educational leader of teachers in decision-making from the viewpoint of teachers in the Zarqa Directorate (First) of Education: درجة إشراك القائد التربوي للمعلمين في اتخاذ القرار من وجهة نظر المعلمين في مديرية تربية الزرقاء الأولى
Authors: Amal Muner Mohamed Abo Jhashe
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to identify the ability of the educational leader to apply the principle of participation in decision-making and its impact on the achievement of the educational institution's objectives effectively from the point of view of teachers in the Zarqa Directorate (First) of Education and used the study method descriptive-analytical and the study tool (questionnaire) where it was distributed to a random sample of (110) teachers belonging to the Zarqa Directorate (First) of Education. The study found that the participation of educational leaders in decision-making received an average (2.84 out of 5) verbal (intermediate) ratings, and at the level of fields; Community decision-making average (2.90), teacher participation in decision-making for teachers themselves averaged (2.81) and finally teacher participation in decision-making on the teaching curriculum and teaching methods (2.72), all of which are estimated (2.84), and based on the results, the study recommended the need for teachers to participate in decision-making within educational institutions, which reflects positively on the work of the performance of the institution and improve the type of style possessed by the leader in the institution.
Dropout size, and its causes in the vocational secondary schools for girls (formerly) and technical colleges for girls (currently) in the cities of Riyadh, Al Kharj and Buraidah in Saudi Arabia: التسرب حجمه وأسبابه في المعاهد الثانوية المهنية للبنات (سابقا) والكليات التقنية للبنات (حاليا) في مدن الرياض والخرج وبريدة في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: Maha bint Rabah Al - Makhlafi
Published: May 2021

This study aimed at calculating the size of the dropout and its educational reasons in the vocational education programs for girls (secondary schools previously) in the governorates of Riyadh, Buraidah and Al-Kharj in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the point of view of female teachers and dropouts who are affiliated to these institutes, a previous study of the researcher, In the current professional programs for girls specifically technical colleges have been selected from other programs because they replaced secondary institutes and are considered to be developed. In order to carry out this study, descriptive and descriptive descriptive methods were collected. The information needed for the study was collected through the administrative records of the female students. The data were obtained to calculate the dropout rate during the specific school years. Of the institutes from the point of view of the specific categories. The study found the following results: The general rate of dropout in vocational secondary schools for girls in Riyadh, Al-Kharj and Buraidah during the last six years from 1420-1425 (11,29%), while the educational losses in technical colleges for girls in Riyadh, Al-Kharj and Buraidah 1431H - 1435 (33.9%). The group of factors related to organizational procedures and education services ranked first as the most important factors leading to the dropout of students from vocational secondary schools from the point of view of the members of the study with an average of (2,15), including "delayed remuneration for students" (2.69) After graduation "(2,47). The most important proposals to reduce the problem of dropout from the point of view of the members of the study: "disbursement of the reward of students on time and increase the incentives material and moral" (2,68). (2.66). At the end of the study, the researcher presented a number of recommendations that may contribute to the treatment of the leakage problem.
Awareness of female college students about the values ​​of citizenship in Islamic educational thought and the role of colleges of education in strengthening them: وعي بعض طالبات الجامعات السعودية بقيم المواطنة في الفكر التربوي الإسلامي ودور كليات التربية في تعزيزها
Authors: Manal Ammar Mezuo
Published: May 2021

The study aims at identifying the awareness of female college students about the values ​​of citizenship in Islamic educational thought and the role of colleges of education in strengthening them, The study used the descriptive approach, and the study sample included a random size of (500) female students by 100 students from each university, and the study tool included four axes, the first axis dealt with the awareness of the value of Arab-Islamic culture, and the second axis dealt with the awareness of the importance of the Arabic language, and the third axis dealt with Awareness of the importance of religious events. The fourth axis dealt with the role of colleges of education, as well as relying on arithmetic averages in addition to analyzing multiple variances. All statistical treatments were done using the SPSS (v12) statistical program. The results of the field study showed that the students are very aware of the values ​​of citizenship as well as the role of the colleges of education, as all the averages approached the great end for each dimension, and the results also showed there are no statistically significant differences in the level of students’ awareness of the values ​​of citizenship and the role of colleges of education depending on the variables of the university and the division and interaction between them. In light of the results, the study made some recommendations, including that student activities must be characterized by diversity, with the participation of the largest possible number of students, the curricula should include in their content the values ​​of citizenship, such as collective spirit and commitment to the standards and regulations of society, the students’ curricula should develop the principle of freedom of expression and the culture of dialogue, the university professor’s behavior must match his ideas in educational situations and the necessity of conducting similar studies on other samples such as graduate students and female students in pre-university education stages.
The evaluation of the bilateral investment treaty (BIT) between Jordan and China (reality and ambition): تقييم المعاهدة الاستثمارية بين الأردن والصين (الواقع و الطموح)
Authors: Hamza Madallah Albraizat, Zuoli Jiang
Published: May 2021

Jordan has signed more than 54 bilateral agreements to encourage investment and due to the economic and legal importance of increasing the volume of investment between China and Jordan, we found that study because of one of these agreements most important of them the huge investment volume that Jordan witnessed, as the size of Chinese investment in the last three years reached over four billion USD s. China was became one of the largest foreign countries investing in Jordan also rapid development in trade relations on the other hand seemed important for research to contribute to enriching knowledge for those and planners in the policy- making for trade Foreign and promote trade with China as the second most powerful economy in the world also a lack of studies and research related to the theme of Jordan China trade agreement and work to enrich the research subject and study the economic and legal significance. As the bilateral relationship started with the bilateral investment treaty that took place between Jordan and China in 2001, it was extended for ten years, and work will end in year 2021. Because of the limited space that we must write cover the main points, which are highlights of the articles of the agreement and explain the essential matters related to legal and economic regulation. The parties to the dispute, the arbitration agreement, the challenges of the arbitrators, and their isolation, the representation of the parties, the "provisional attachment, " the language and procedures of the arbitration, "the issuance of the arbitration decision and its implementation.
(International and regional alliances in the Arab region and the different positions (2011 - 2015: التحالفات الدولية والإقليمية في المنطقة العربية والمواقف المختلفة منها (2011م – 2015م)
Authors: Maysoun Mansour Obeidat
Published: May 2021

This research dealt with a number of military alliances competing since (2011-2015) and until the present time in the yard of a number of politically and militarily troubled Arab countries, especially Syria and Iraq, which has been and still is formed in order to fight terrorism led "Isis" or the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, until it became not possible to achieve peace and security in these countries without resorting to military solutions, and those solutions Saudi Arabia's announcement on the tongue and the defense minister, Prince Mohammed bin Selman in mid-December / December 2015, the formation of "Islamic military alliance," which met with Trahibba and Asaaaly Arab and international levels, and at the same time there have been question marks and sharp criticism of the alliance by Iran and multiple militias Shiite without taking into account the declared aim Alliance, a counterterrorism Arab-led Islamic common, especially since the burning areas in the Arab world is witnessing three forms of alliances military: Shiite militias, irregular forces, and regional alliances, all of which led to the formation of the Islamic military alliance phenomenon inevitable required by the conditions in the region and the continuation of the policies enacted by King Selman bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, to take the reins in the region, opening the door for Riyadh to take its place as a regional power , where he no longer leads the Gulf or only went Arab political and military efforts, but also the Muslim world, has been the formation of the alliance came in the framework of international legitimacy, the Arab, Islamic and international acceptance. However, some believe that the call for the formation of a Sunni alliance makes the Gulf countries are fighting terrorism under the umbrella of the Alliance sectarian, as some felt that the initiative speed and sudden announcement of the alliance has confounded political and military circles, where the coalition is still in great need of marketing and needs more time to turn to the military forces of hunting terrorism wherever and fight him.
THE REALITYOF APPLYING GOVERNANCE PRINCPLES IN GENERAL EDUCATION IN SUDAN
Authors: Mohammed Hassan Bashir
Published: May 2021

The aim of this paper is to identify the theoretical bases of governance and its importance، to identify the reality of implementing the principles of governance in education in Sudan، and to learn about the most important requirements of applying the principles of governance in education. The researcher used the descriptive analytical descriptive approach in the study by listing and tracking information about governance and its applicability in Sudanese educational institutions. The paper reached a number of results، the most important of which are: The reality of the implementation of the principles of government in education is weak; especially the principle of transparency، participation and accountability is less applicable. "In the light of these results، the researcher recommended a number of recommendations، the direction of officials in the Ministry of Education and the development of the organizational structures of the Department of Education to accommodate the new management trends including governance، and to promote transparency، accountability and participation.
The reality of the electronic management at the University of Jeddah and its impact on organizational development: واقع الإدارة الإلكترونية في جامعة جدة وأثرها على التطوير التنظيمي
Authors: Maha Saleh Almarzuqi  , Najwa Younes Abou El Enein
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study is to identify the reality of e- management at the University of Jeddah and its impact on organizational development through the study of three axes in organizational development: development of the organizational structure, human resources development and the employment of information technology in the university. The study was based on the analytical descriptive approach. A questionnaire was used on a random sample of male and female administrators at the University of Jeddah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where the number of those responding to the questionnaire was 60 individuals. The study found that individuals working at the University of Jeddah are aware of the advantages of electronic management and they are familiar with the university's electronic applications such as e- mail and grading programs. There are also obstacles to the application of electronic management, including lack of human and technical capabilities necessary to implement electronic management. The study recommended the development of computerized administrative information systems to cover all administrative aspects, focusing on the development of electronic applications available and linking them to the workers in Jeddah University continuously, in line with the realization of the vision of the Kingdom 2030.
The Effectiveness of the Frayer Model in Modifying the Alternative Scenarios of Some Scientific Concepts of Second Grade Students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia: فاعليـة نموذج فراير في تعـديـل التصورات البديلة لبعض المفاهيم العلمية لدى طالبات الصف الثاني المتوسط بمدينة تبوك- السعودية
Authors: Mariam Zouehi Salem Al Harbi
Published: May 2021

The objective of the research was to identify the effectiveness of the Frayer model in modifying the alternative perceptions of some scientific concepts in the second grade students in Tabuk. The research materials and tools were included in the "Student Handbook, the Teacher's Guide in the Plant and Environmental Resources Unit, and the Test of Diagnosing Alternative Scenarios of Scientific Concepts." The semi-experimental-design-based (pre-post) approach was applied to a random sample of 60 female students The second was the average grade in the city of Tabuk, where the sample was divided into two groups, one experimental and the other control, divided equally (30) in each group. The statistical treatment was done using frequencies and averages, T test for independent samples, : • There are many alternative perceptions of scientific concepts in the plant and environmental resources unit of the students sample research, and some of them a large proportion up to (91.6%). • There was a statistically significant difference at (α0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-application to test the diagnosis of alternative perceptions of some scientific concepts for the benefit of the experimental group students. • The low percentage of alternative perceptions of all scientific concepts in the post-test of the experimental group. This indicates the effectiveness of the Fryer model in modifying the alternative perceptions of the scientific concepts of second-grade students in Tabuk. • The researcher recommends the use of modern strategies that help to modify the alternative perceptions of the scientific concepts of learners.
The prevailing leadership styles of public school principals and their relation to the quality of education from the point of view of quality education evaluators in Jordan
Authors: Maha Saleh Ibrahim Haddad
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the prevailing leadership styles (democratic,autocratic, and sedentary) among the principals of public schools and their relation to the quality of education from the point of view of the evaluators of the quality of education in Jordan. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher prepared a questionnaire consisting of (35) items dealing with two fields. The first field consisted of (15) items distributed to the prevailing leadership styles among the principals. The study sample consisted of (100) residents of the quality of education in the Ministry of Education. The study found that the three leadership styles of public school principals were in favor of the democratic leadership model with an average of 3.68 and a high degree of appreciation followed by an autocratic pattern with an average of 3.35 and a medium degree of appreciation. The mean pattern was average (2.60) with a medium degree of appreciation. The average level of assessment of the quality indicators of education and accountability was also found. The total arithmetic average of the axis (3.35). It also showed an average level of assessment of the indicators of the quality of education and accountability, where the total arithmetic average of the axis (3.35). The study found that the three leadership styles of public school principals were in favor of the democratic leadership pattern at an average of 3.68 and high, followed by the autocratic pattern with an average of 3.35 and a medium grade. The plurality came last with an average of (2.60) Education (adequacy, security, credibility, effectiveness), and a statistically significant relationship between prevailing leadership styles and the quality of education in Jordan. Based on the results, the study recommended activating and directing school principals to follow the democratic pattern in the practice of leadership and moving away from the autocratic and sedimentary patterns. he results also showed a strong positive correlation between leadership patterns of school principals and quality indicators of education. Based on the results, the study recommended activating and directing school principals to follow the democratic pattern in the practice of leadership and moving away from the autocratic and sedimentary patterns.
The difference in Alexithymia between addicted and non-addicts
Authors: Mohannad Abdul Mohsen Mansour Al - Aidan
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to determine the degree of incidence of alexithymia in addicts and non-addicts according to the cut-off score, and the differences between the two samples on the dimensions of the used scale by the sub and the total scores. It also aimed to determine the effects of age and the level of education on the incidence of alexithymia. A sample of 589 males in Kuwait, (264 addicts and 325 non-addicts), completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). The result showed significant higher score mean of incidence of alexithymia and probability of developing it in the sample of addicts. Moreover, it found significant differences in the sub-dimensions and the total score in favor of the addicts. The analysis of variance ANOVA did not reveal differences between age and educational level in the sample of addicts, While in the non-addicted sample there were significant differences in age. It was found that the level of alexithymia decreased with age, in the total score and Difficulty Identifying Feeling, Difficulty Describing Feelings subscale, And Externally-Oriented Thinking subscale, and that the higher the academic qualification decreased the level of alexithymia..
The impact of planning on developing human resources performance - An applied study on Al-Manna Trading, Investment, Contracting and Building Company 2020 –: أثر التخطيط على تطوير أداء الموارد البشرية - دراسة تطبيقية على شركة المناع للتجارة والاستثمار والمقاولات والبناء 2020م –
Authors: Mahamat Boukhari Hassan, Mahamat Bachar Al-Catib
Published: May 2021

The study aims: to know whether the company is applying the proper management planning process or not, to know the planning methods used in the company, to know the obstacles that the company faces when using the management planning process and to find scientific results that can be used when carrying out the planning process. The study followed the descriptive, analytical method to analyze the questionnaire data. The most important findings of the study are: There is a positive relationship of statistical significance between planning and developing human resources performance, good planning leads to development of human resources performance in the company, strategic planning helps in the development of human resources performance in the company and human resources plans are modified according to the changes that occur in the company’s environment. The study recommends the following: The leader of the company must involve human resources in setting goals and drawing plans. The company should work with planning to increase its marketing share. The company should double its interest in planning in order to achieve its goals effectively, and involve employees in continuous training in order to develop the company.
The Use of Chain Blocks in the Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights: استخدام سلسلة الكتل في حفظ حقوق الملكية الفكرية
Authors: Abdullah ALHassan Alsefri
Published: May 2021

The present study aimed to identify the reality of the use of blocks series in the process of preserving intellectual property rights, and the study adopted the theoretical documentary approach, and the study relied on books, documents, reports and studies published Internet sites in the 'list, and was addressed to the general framework of the study deals with the introduction, problem and importance To the theoretical side of the study in which the researcher addressed a literary review of more than one aspect of the issue of the series of blocks and intellectual property rights, the researcher concluded at the end of the research to a set of results, the most important of which while the technology of the blockchain can bring innovation in many sectors Despite the enthusiasm for this technology, it should not be considered a "magic bullet." Instead, it should be carefully evaluated according to the objectives of the company sector and its business. The use of electronic systems for a long time, such as banks, insurance companies, etc. There is a difficulty in getting rid of their systems and replace them with a new system do not know the risks of its application and there are no uniform standards.