bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АМІНОКИСЛОТНОГО СКЛАДУ СЕРПІЮ УВІНЧАНОГО
Authors: Марчишин С. М. , Слободянюк Л. В. , Бойко Л. А. , Коробко Д. В. , Пелиньо Б. М.
Published: June 2024

Вступ. Серпій увінчаний (Serratula coronata L.) – багаторічна трав’яниста рослина роду Серпій (Serratula L.) родини айстрові (Asteraceae). У дикому стані він росте на сухих луках, по узліссях, у чагарниках північної частини степу, лісостеповій зоні та південній частині Полісся. В Україні рослина культивується. У традиційній медицині серпій увінчаний використовують як засіб, що має в’яжучі, протизапальні, жаро­знижувальні, жовчогінні, протиблювотні й седативні властивості. Настій трави рекомендують усередину при хворобах шлунка, блюванні, проносі, жовтяниці, геморої, гарячці, недокрів’ї та психічних захворюваннях. Сьогодні досліджено антимікробні, антидепресантні властивості серпію увінчаного, розроблено косметичні препарати, що містять екстракти з трави Serratula coronata L. з високим вмістом екдистероїдів, які є корисними для лікування таких проблем шкіри, як псоріаз і себорея. У джерелах наукової літератури відомостей про фітохімічне дослідження рослини недостатньо.
Мета дoслідження – визначити якісний склад і встановити кількісний вміст амінокислот, які наявні в серпію увінчаного траві й підземних органах.
Метoди дoслідження. Матеріалом для досліджень були серпію увінчаного трава і підземні органи, які заготовляли під час цвітіння рослини у 2022 р. на дослідних ділянках відділу культурної флори Національного ботанічного саду імені М. М. Гришка НАН України (м. Київ). Якісний склад і кількісний вміст амінокислот визначали на газовій хромато-мас-спектрометричній системі Agilent 6890N/5973inert (“Agilent technologies”, СШA).
Результати й oбгoвoрення. У серпію увінчаного досліджуваній траві ідентифіковано 16 зв’язаних амінокислот і 12 вільних, у підземних органах – 16 зв’язаних та 10 вільних. З вільних амінокислот у серпію увінчаного траві й підземних органах домінував L-пролін, вміст якого становив 54,41 і 48,34 мг/г відповідно. Зі зв’язаних аміно­кислот у траві й підземних органах досліджуваного виду виявлено значну кількість L-аспарагінової кислоти (56,10 і 42,27 мг/г відповідно) та L-лейцину (49,11 і 31,69 мг/г відповідно). Досліджувана сировина серпію увінчаного містить 7 незамінних амінокислот: L-треонін, L-валін, L-метіо­нін, L-ізолейцин, L-лейцин, L-фенілаланін і L-лізин. Вміст незамінних амінокислот у траві рослини становив 192,32 мг/г, у підземних органах був дещо меншим – 122,17 мг/г.
Висновки. Методом газової хромато-мас-спектрометрії в серпію увінчаного траві й підземних органах ідентифіковано і встановлено кількісний вміст індивідуальних амінокислот. У досліджуваній сировині виявлено значну кількість вільних та зв’язаних амінокислот. У серпію увінчаного траві ідентифіковано 16 зв’язаних амінокислот і 12 вільних, у підземних органах – 16 зв’язаних та 10 вільних. З вільних амінокислот у серпію увінчаного траві й підземних органах кількісно переважає L-пролін (54,41 і 48,34 мг/г відповідно), зі зв’язаних – L-аспарагінова кислота (56,10 і 42,27 мг/г відповідно) та L-лейцин (49,11 і 31,69 мг/г відповідно).
РОЗРОБКА І ВАЛІДАЦІЯ МЕТОДИКИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ РАМІПРИЛУ ТА ГІДРОХЛОРТІАЗИДУ ДЛЯ ВИВЧЕННЯ ПРОФІЛІВ РОЗЧИНЕННЯ
Authors: Типлинська К. В. , Логойда Л. С.
Published: June 2024

Вступ. При розробці генеричних лікарських препаратів важливим є порівняння їх профілів розчинення з профілями розчинення оригінального препарату. Тому необхідно розробити швидкі й чутливі методики дослідження профілів розчинення.
Мета дослідження – розробити і валідувати аналітичну методику одночасного визначення раміприлу та гідрохлортіазиду методом рідинної хроматографії, яку можна застосовувати для дослідження профілів розчинення комбінованих препаратів.
Методи дослідження. При проведенні дослідження використовували стандартні зразки раміприлу та гідрохлортіазиду (USP RS), реактиви класу А, таблетки Раміприлу з Гідрохлортіазидом 2,5 мг/12,5 мг та 10 мг/25 мг. Зразки аналізували на рідинному хроматографі з діодноматричним детектором Agilent 1260. Використовували колонку Inertsil ODS-3 (4,6×150×3 мкм); рухома фаза А – 0,2 г/л розчину натрію гексансульфонату (рН 2,7); рухома фаза Б – ацетонітрил; швидкість рухомої фази – 1,5 мл/хв; довжина хвилі детектування – 210 нм; температура колонки – 45 °С, градієнтний режим елюювання.
Результати й обговорення. Розроблено методику одночасного визначення раміприлу та гідрохлортіазиду методом рідинної хроматографії в чотирьох середовищах розчинення (0,1 М розчин кислоти хлористоводневої і буферні розчини рН 1,2, рН 4,5 та рН 6,8). Розроблена методика має достатню лінійність, правильність і прецизійність та є стійкою до незначних змін умов хроматографування. Чутливість методики становить 0,2 мкг/мл для раміприлу та 0,4 мкг/мл для гідрохлортіазиду. Досліджений діапазон дозволяє використовувати методику для дозувань від 2,5 до 10 мг раміприлу та від 12,5 до 25 мг гідро­хлортіазиду.
Висновки. Розроблена методика може забезпечити одночасне визначення раміприлу та гідрохлор­тіазиду при дослідженні профілів розчинення комбінованого препарату.
Uma escola de líderes para a renovação política? Trilhas interpretativas e opacidade no RenovaBR
Authors: Silva Daniel Reis , Silva Beatriz Lobato da
Published: June 2024

Desde la mirada de la comunicación organizacional, este artículo reflexiona sobre RenovaBR, una iniciativa que se presenta como una escuela de líderes para la renovación política. Con base en las nociones de marco y footing, este texto pretende desvelar los aspectos de las prácticas discursivas, las estructuras organizacionales y las propuestas formativas del grupo. En este contexto, se identifica cómo sus discursos formulan pistas interpretativas y convocan a los sujetos a ocupar posiciones de liderazgo en un marco opaco de renovación alineado con los intereses económicos de una élite empresarial.
Algoritmos silenciadores: desinformação e espiral do silêncio na era da inteligência artificial
Authors: Silva Adriano Alves da , Pôrto Júnior Francisco Gilson Rebouças
Published: June 2024

The intriguing result of this investigation refers to the possible similarities between the phenomenon of disinformation and contemporary theories of communication “Media Effects,” especially Noelle-Neumann’s spiral of silence hypothesis. This study seeks to understand the relation between this phenomenon and surveillance capitalism in Zuboff. An exploratory literature review determined that algorithms constitute the tormentors that enhance the misinformation amplified by the action of the spiral of silence.
Discursos circulantes sobre inteligência artificial: articulações discursivas em veículos de comunicação organizacional
Authors: Karhawi Issaaf , Guimarães Neto Humberto , Martins Lafaiete , Oliveira Silvio Cesar de
Published: June 2024

Este artículo se sitúa en el campo de los Estudios de Lenguaje y tiene como objetivo mapear los discursos circulantes sobre inteligencia artificial (IA) en medios especializados en comunicación organizacional en Brasil. Del análisis de 92 textos publicados entre enero y octubre de 2023, se identificaron discursos que señalan conflictos en torno a los beneficios de la IA y la eficiencia asociada con su uso versus el riesgo para los profesionales del mercado de la Comunicación en su adopción.
Impacts of Parameterizing Estuary Mixing on the Large-Scale Circulations in the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Vettoretti Guido , Nuterman Roman , Jochum Markus
Published: June 2024

Riverine outflow between the land surface/cryosphere and the ocean undergoes intricate physical and biogeochemical transformations in estuaries before it finally merges with oceanic waters. To enhance our understanding of these transformations, estuary box models (EBMs) are being incorporated into comprehensive Earth system models. These models aim to refine our knowledge of both physical and biogeochemical processes. In our study, we conducted simulations using the Community Earth System Model, version 2, both with and without the inclusion of an EBM that was jointly developed by the University of Connecticut and the National Center for Atmospheric Research and by default included in the climate model. The objective was to examine the influence of these modifications on global climate patterns. We performed these simulations under fixed atmospheric and runoff conditions, using a standalone version of the ocean/sea ice components of the model. Additionally, we conducted a fully coupled Earth system model simulation at a 2° atmosphere and 1° ocean resolution. The implementation of the EBM into the ocean component of the model resulted in regional variations and noticeable improvements in the salinity distribution on the Siberian shelves and at the Amazon outflow. Interestingly, our findings revealed that the tropical Atlantic Ocean plays a significant role in controlling the global salinity distribution. Due to the tropical Atlantic circulation, which redirects thermocline water southward while allowing surface waters to continue northward, the improved vertical mixing in the EBM leads to an accumulation of salt in the North Atlantic and a freshening of other ocean basins. This shift subsequently results in an intensification of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and a northward shift of tropical precipitation patterns.

Significance Statement

This research investigates the impact of riverine outflow interactions with ocean waters on global climate dynamics. Implementing an enhanced representation of river runoff within a global climate model reveals that the tropical Atlantic region is pivotal in regulating the salinity distribution across the world’s oceans. This dynamic leads to an increased salt concentration in the North Atlantic and extends its influence to other ocean basins. The resulting shifts in salinity have profound consequences, as they alter rainfall patterns in the tropics. The insights gained from this study contribute to the advancement of climate projections, offering society a valuable tool to anticipate and adapt to the impending effects of climate change more effectively.
Intrusions and Turbulent Mixing above a Small Eastern Mediterranean Seafloor Slope
Authors: van Haren Hans
Published: June 2024

Growing evidence is found in observations and numerical modeling of the importance of steep seafloor topography for turbulent diapycnal mixing leading to redistribution of suspended matter and nutrients, especially in waters with abundant internal tides. One of the remaining questions is the extent of turbulent mixing away from and above nearly flat topography, which is addressed in this paper. Evaluated are observations from an opportunistic, weeklong mooring of high-resolution temperature sensors above a small seafloor slope in about 1200-m water depth of the eastern Mediterranean. The environment has weak tides, so that near-inertial motions and near-inertial shear dominate internal waves. Vertical displacement shapes suggest instabilities to represent locally generated turbulent overturns, rather than partial salinity-compensated intrusions dispersed isopycnally from turbulence near the slope. This conclusion is supported by the duration of instabilities, as all individual overturns last shorter than the mean buoyancy period and sequences of overturns last shorter than the local inertial period. The displacement shapes are more erratic than observed in stronger stratified waters in which shear drives turbulence and better correspond with predominantly buoyancy-driven convection turbulence. This convection turbulence is confirmed from spectral information, generally occurring dominant close to the seafloor and only in weakly stratified layers well above it. Mean turbulence values are 10–100 times smaller than those found above steep ocean topography, but 10 times larger than those found in the open-ocean interior.
How Does Self-Identity Change in Eating Disorder Recovery?
Authors: Adame Alexandra L. , Pierce Emma , Jimenez Alexis , Shelby Tara , Parks David
Published: June 2024

Eating disorder recovery is a widely studied topic in the field of psychology, and our knowledge base is still evolving today. In part, this is because there are many ways these issues can manifest in a person’s life, and therefore, many ways recovery can unfold. The concept of recovery is rooted in the medical model of illness and healing, which focuses on observable and measurable changes such as weight and behavioral change. Although important parts of the process, these factors alone do not fully capture the changes to a person’s sense of self that can occur in the recovery process. The current study illustrates a qualitative approach to understanding recovery by examining how a person’s self-identity, including its sociocultural dimensions, changes throughout an eating disorder. Twelve participants were interviewed, and the data were analyzed with reflexive thematic analysis. Themes reflecting the participants’ recovered self-identity include self-identity loss and reconstruction, embodied selfhood, and social isolation and reconnection. This study contributes to our understanding of what helps people more fully engage with life and feel liberated from the restrictions of their eating disorder.
A novel approach to the FPIBSC strategy for an electric power steering system
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh
Published: June 2024

The electric power steering system is used to improve comfort and steering feel for the user. In this article, we propose to use an integrated nonlinear control strategy for the electric steering system, which is described based on a complicated dynamic model. This work provides two new contributions. First, this control algorithm combines backstepping and proportional–integral (PI) techniques with parameters adjusted by a fuzzy algorithm, so it is called Fuzzy proportional–integral backstepping control (FPIBSC). The output of the PI algorithm is the input of the backstepping technique, while system stability is evaluated based on the Lyapunov function with virtual control variables. Second, road reaction torque is calculated based on a spatial dynamic model, which considers the influence of many other factors. Numerical simulation methods are used to evaluate the performance of the system. According to research findings, the value of the steering motor angle (controlled object) continuously tracks the desired value with negligible error. Under some specific conditions, the error between signals can be reduced to zero. In addition, other outputs that are obtained from the FPIBSC algorithm also tend to follow the reference signal with high accuracy. The phase difference phenomenon only occurs when using the conventional backstepping algorithm instead of FPIBSC. The assisted torque increases as speed decreases or the driver torque increases. In general, the system’s stability is always guaranteed under many different simulation conditions.
Nuanced HEXACO: A Meta-Analysis of HEXACO Cross-Rater Agreement, Heritability, and Rank-Order Stability
Authors: Henry Sam , Baker Will , Bratko Denis , Jern Patrick , Kandler Christian , Tybur Joshua M. , Vries Reinout E. de , Wesseldijk Laura W. , Zapko-Willmes Alexandra , Booth Tom , Mõttus René
Published: June 2024

Most Five-Factor Model (FFM) questionnaire items contain unique variance that is partly heritable, stable, and consensually observable, demonstrates consistent associations with age and sex, and predicts life outcomes beyond higher order factors. Extending these findings to the HEXACO model, we meta-analyzed single-item cross-rater agreement, heritability, and 2-year stability using samples from six countries. We analyzed raw item scores and their residual variance and adjusted the estimates for measurement unreliability. The median cross-rater agreement, heritability, and stability estimates were, respectively, .30, .30, and .57, for raw items and .10, .16, and .39, for item residuals. Adjusted for reliability, the respective medians were .46 and .25 for cross-rater agreement, .46 and .39 for heritability, and .87 and .94 for stability. These results are strikingly consistent with FFM-based findings, providing nondismissible evidence that single items index a partly unique level of the trait hierarchy—personality nuances—with trait properties comparable to those of higher-order traits.
Incidental Gliosis in the Central Nervous System of Control Nonhuman Primates and Rats
Authors: Gary Joy M. , Cramer Sarah , Bolon Brad , Bradley Alys E. , Butt Mark T.
Published: June 2024

Gliosis, including microgliosis and astrocytosis, can be challenging to interpret in nonclinical studies. Incidences of glial foci in brains and spinal cords of control rats and nonhuman primates (NHPs) were reviewed in the historical control databases from two contract research organizations, including one specializing in neuropathology. In the brain, minimal to mild (grades 1-2) microgliosis was the most common diagnosis, especially in NHPs, although occasional moderate or marked microgliosis (grades 3 and 4) was encountered in both species. Microgliosis was more common in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata in both species and was frequent in the white matter (brain), thalamus, and basal nuclei of NHPs. Gliosis (“not otherwise specified”) of minimal severity was diagnosed in similar brain sub-sites for both species and was more common in NHPs compared with rats. Astrocytosis was most prominent in the cerebellum (molecular layer) of NHPs but was otherwise uncommon. In the spinal cord, microgliosis was most common in the lateral white matter tracts in rats and NHPs, and in the dorsal white matter tracts in NHPs. These data indicate that low-grade spontaneous glial responses occur with some frequency in control animals of two common nonclinical species.
Remembering according to national identity and ideology: influences of ideological positioning and national identities on the collective memory of the Civil War and dictatorship in Spain among youths / La memoria en función de la identidad nacional y la ideología: influencias del posicionamiento ideológico y de la identidad nacional en la memoria colectiva de la Guerra Civil y la dictadura en España entre los jóvenes
Authors: Sainz de la Maza Martin , Idoiaga Mondragon Nahia , Gil de Montes Lorena
Published: June 2024

This research aimed to analyse the social representations of the Spanish Civil War and the dictatorship among young people from different autonomous communities in Spain. A free-association exercise elicited by the words ‘Civil War’ and ‘Francoism’ was completed by 477 university students of the Basque Country, Catalonia, Galicia and Madrid. Participants were also asked about their national identity and ideological orientation. Lexical analysis was used to analyse their responses, and the results revealed that there is no shared narrative among participants. The results show that most of the discourses constructed for these times go hand in hand with the discourses of the current political parties in Spain, which seek to satisfy the basic needs of the groups and justify their decisions and goals. However, the intergenerational voice also appears in the results showing alternatives to the political and hegemonic narratives of the state. This has significant implications for future research and memory policies.
The 5-HT1A receptor biased agonists, NLX-204 and NLX-101, like ketamine, elicit rapid-acting antidepressant activity in the rat chronic mild stress model via cortical mechanisms
Authors: Papp Mariusz , Gruca Piotr , Litwa Ewa , Lason Magdalena , Newman-Tancredi Adrian , Depoortère Ronan
Published: June 2024

Background:

The highly selective 5-HT1A serotonin receptor “biased” agonists NLX-101 and NLX-204 display, like ketamine, potent and efficacious rapid-acting antidepressant (RAAD) activity in the rat chronic mild stress (CMS) model with systemic (i.p.) administration. They rapidly (within 1 day) reverse anhedonia (i.e., CMS-induced sucrose consumption deficit), attenuate working memory deficit (novel object recognition: NOR), and decrease anxiety behavior in the elevated-plus maze (EPM).

Aims:

Here, we sought to explore the contribution of prefrontal cortex (PFC) 5-HT1A receptor activation in the RAAD activity of NLX compounds.

Results/Outcomes:

In male Wistar rats, unilateral PFC microinjections of NLX-204 and NLX-101 (16 µg), like ketamine (10 µg), reproduced the effects of their systemic administration: they reversed CMS-induced sucrose consumption deficit, attenuated anxiety (EPM), and reduced working memory deficits (NOR). In addition, unilateral PFC microinjections of the selective 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY-100,635 (2 µg), attenuated the beneficial effects of systemic NLX-204 and NLX-101 (0.16 mg/kg i.p.) in the sucrose intake and NOR models, indicating that these compounds exert their RAAD activity specifically through activation of PFC 5-HT1A receptors.

Conclusions/Interpretation:

These data indicate that 5-HT1A receptor biased agonists share with ketamine a common neuroanatomical site for RAAD activity, which can be obtained not only by targeting glutamatergic/NMDA neurotransmission (ketamine’s primary mechanism of action) but also by activating 5-HT1A receptors, as is the case for the NLX compounds. The present observations also reinforce the notion that biased agonism at 5-HT1A receptors constitutes a promising strategy to achieve RAAD effects, with additional benefits against cognitive deficits and anxiety in depressed patients, without ketamine’s troublesome side effects.
The Artistic Characteristics of Modern Calligraphy After 1985: An Exploration Based on Grounded Theory
Authors: Lyu LingHe
Published: June 2024

The current researches on modern calligraphy are mostly summaries of materials and contingency studies, lacking empirical studies. At the same time, the artistic characteristics of modern calligraphy require further clarification. Based on an analysis of the existing literature, this paper investigates the artistic characteristics of modern calligraphy practice through a qualitative research method, grounded theory, sorting out the constitutive dimensions of the artistic characteristics of modern calligraphy and establishing a theoretical model of the artistic characteristics of modern calligraphy. This study finds that the practice of modern calligraphy possesses six characteristics: diverse, cultural, social, expressive, design, and spiritual. The cross-media and multichannel artistic expression of modern calligraphy combine sociality and design, and the creative expression of modern calligraphy gives new connotations to the text, demonstrating the strong spiritual aspirations of contemporary people.
Calculation of production balances and costs in ladle furnace refining process with addition of scrap steel
Authors: Wang Jianhao , Fang Qing , Zhu Wanjun , Li Jing , Wang Jiahui , Zhang Hua , Ni Hongwei
Published: June 2024

As increasing the scrap steel ratio has become an important approach for energy conservation and emission reduction in the steel industry, the technology of multi-point scrap addition has emerged. Ladle furnace (LF) refining is a feasible step for scrap steel utilisation, which is often overlooked and relied solely on empirical adjustment, resulting in difficulty of precise control. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research on this process using scientific methods and explore the impact of scrap steel addition on other materials. A comprehensive calculation model was established by scientifically investigating material and thermal balances in the LF process in this article, and the impact of initial steel and scrap compositions, temperature, mass and price of scrap on production costs were analysed and compared based on the model. The results showed that as the carbon and silicon content in the initial steel increase by every 0.01% could on average reduce the production cost per ton of steel by 4.013 CNY and 0.8473 CNY, respectively, and increases by 0.123 CNY as the sulphur content increase every 0.001%. The impact of scrap composition on costs is similar to that of the initial molten steel. Increasing the carbon and sulphur content in scrap by every 0.01% will on average increase costs by 0.0765 CNY and 0.01 CNY, respectively. When the price difference between scrap and the crude steel price is within 450–500 CNY/t, increasing scrap addition will create more profit. The relative reduction in smelting time is 7.97 s as the scrap temperature increases every 50°C. The present study holds academic and industrial significance in improving LF efficiency and promoting the LF process towards a more sustainable direction.
Establishment of a Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Model in Mice Induced by Noninvasive Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
Authors: Okazaki Yuki , Nakagawa Yusuke , Deng Xiang-Hua , Zhang Xueying , Wada Susumu , Album Zoe , Ying Liang , Rodeo Scott A.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Animal models that use open surgical transection of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) do not accurately simulate the clinical condition regarding the pivot-shift mechanism and the associated inflammatory response that occurs before reconstruction.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to characterize a reproducible manual, nonsurgical method to mimic an isolated ACL tear in a clinically relevant model and to evaluate the development of progressive posttraumatic osteoarthritis due to ACL injury. It was hypothesized that the ACL could be reproducibly torn with minimal damage to other ligaments and that there would be progressive development of degenerative joint disease after ACL injury.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 37 mice (strain C57BL/6) were used to compare the manual procedure with sham surgery (sham group; n = 10) and with the established surgical ACL transection (ACLT) procedure (surgical group; n = 27). In the sham group, a closed manual procedure was performed on the right knee and sham surgery on the left knee. In the surgical group, the closed manual procedure was performed on the right knee and surgical ACLT on the left knee. Dissection using India ink, histological assessment with safranin O and hematoxylin-eosin staining, radiological evaluation through radiographs and microfocus computed tomography scans, and gait analyses were performed to assess cartilage/ligament status. Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and synovitis scores, anterior tibial translation, range of motion, bone microstructure, osteophyte volume, and pain were assessed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively.

Results:

The manual procedure successfully resulted in an ACL rupture and associated meniscal injury. The posterior cruciate, lateral collateral, and medial collateral ligaments were intact in all dissected knees. Two weeks after ACL tear, the surgical group showed a significantly higher synovitis score, whereas 8 weeks after ACL tear, the manual group showed a significantly higher volume of osteophytes. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of OARSI score, anterior tibial translation, range of motion, bone microstructure computed tomography values, and stride distance/irregularity.

Conclusion:

This procedure can be used to create an ACL tear model without causing grossly evident injuries to other ligaments and avoiding the risk of cartilage damage from surgical instruments.

Clinical Relevance:

This procedure offers a more clinically relevant ACL tear model and facilitates simple, inexpensive, and reproducible development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
Automated peritoneal dialysis: Challenge and hope for Indonesia
Authors: Jonny Jonny , Ariliusra Zikril , Hernowo Bhimo Aji
Published: June 2024

Peritoneal dialysis utilisation in Indonesia decreased yearly from 6.6% in 2014 to 1.6% in 2018. Various efforts have been made by the government and the Indonesian Nephrologist Organization (PERNEFRI) through education and regulation to optimise the use of peritoneal dialysis, but have yet to succeed. The simplicity of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) made it worth considering as another solution to optimise peritoneal dialysis in Indonesia. Several advantages are offered by using APD, such as providing more time for activities compared to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, cheaper cost than haemodialysis and allowing remote monitoring. The advantages of APD make it a promising kidney replacement therapy (KRT) modality for developing countries like Indonesia, but the application is scarce. Some of the challenges in implementing APD in Indonesia include APD machines and fluids that are not available in the Indonesian market; the price of machines and fluids is still high; health workers are not familiar with APD; patients and their families not knowing APD as one of KRT; and APD machines distribution in archipelagic country is challenging.
Interobserver agreement of peritoneal dialysis exit site scoring: Results from the Standardizing Care to Improve Outcomes in Pediatric End Stage Kidney Disease (SCOPE) collaborative
Authors: Keswani Mahima , Mallet Kathleen , Richardson Troy , Swartz Sarah J , Neu Alicia , Warady Bradley A
Published: June 2024

Background:

Exit site infections are a risk factor for the development of peritonitis in patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis. Visual assessments of an exit site utilising currently available tools (Twardowski and Mid-European Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group (MEPPS)) are necessary to objectively characterise the appearance of an exit site. The aim of this study was to assess the interobserver agreement of exit site evaluations utilising both exit site scoring tools.

Methods:

Exit site evaluations were independently performed by two evaluators during outpatient visits at 13 sites within the Standardizing Care to Improve Outcomes in Pediatric End Stage Kidney Disease collaborative. The frequency and percentage of evaluations where both reviewers agreed were calculated. A sub-analysis was performed looking at evaluations where disagreement occurred.

Results:

A total of 371 paired exit site evaluations were collected over 6 months. For the majority of evaluations (range: 78%–97% Twardowski, 78%–97% MEPPS), both reviewers agreed that no abnormality was present across all domains. When the analysis was restricted to evaluations where at least one reviewer noted an abnormality, interobserver agreement fell across all domains (range: 31%–61% Twardowski, 56%–66% MEPPS). Disagreements more commonly occurred regarding the presence versus absence of an abnormality, rather than a difference in the severity of an abnormality.

Conclusions:

Whereas interobserver agreement is high when the appearance of a peritoneal dialysis catheter exit site is characterised as ‘normal’, interobserver disagreement is common when the appearance of the exit site is ‘abnormal’. Further work is warranted to improve interobserver agreement of exit site assessments and to identify domains conferring an increased risk of infection.
Impact of injection pressure on the performance, emissions, and combustion of a common rail direct injection engine fueled with quaternary blends
Authors: Balaji Bhukya , Alur Veeresh Babu , Suresh Ajmeera , Ranjit Pasupuleti Subrahmanya
Published: June 2024

The scarcity and rising costs of fossil fuels, coupled with increasing pollution levels, have prompted the exploration of innovative biofuel blends. While binary and ternary fuels have been studied extensively in proportions of 5–20%, replacing up to 30–40% of fossil fuel dependency without significant engine modifications remains a challenge. One potential solution is to investigate an optimal quaternary blend (QB) through experimental methods. This study investigates the impact of increased injection pressure (IOP) and quaternary fuel blends on a common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine's performance and emissions. Different blends, including diesel fuel, vegetable oil, mahua methyl ester and normal-butanol, were tested to replace 30–40% of diesel and enhance combustion, reduce exhaust emissions and improve overall performance. Experiments used a 1-cylinder CRDI engine at high IOPs (400, 500, 600 and 700 bar). Results at 600 bar IOP showed that the optimal blend, QB3–QB4, increased brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 9% and reduced brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by approximately 11% compared to other blends. Emissions at 600 bar included a 16% reduction in hydrocarbons (HC) and a 24% decrease in carbon monoxide (CO) at full load. However, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions slightly increased with higher IOP. Significantly employing the QB3–QB4 blend at 600 bar improved control over HC, CO and smoke emissions. Overall, performance was enhanced and comparable to conventional diesel fuel, with only a minor increase in NOx emissions.
Characterization of graphene–TiO2-deposited semi-organic solar cell
Authors: Davu Srinivasa Rao , Tejavathu Ramesh , Tummala Suresh Kumar
Published: June 2024

High energy supply is critical, particularly in developing countries, to maintain lifestyles as the world's population and technological-economic metropolis grow. Solar photovoltaic cells have been used as an alternative to generate renewable, sustainable, and green energy for the past two decades. In general, the materials employed in the photoanode part are critical to manufacturing high-efficiency solar cells with 14–18% efficiency. A simple and successful method has been discovered for creating a film composed of graphene sheets and 99.8% pure anatase titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. After sensitization, the films were tested as photoelectrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. The experimental results show that using an optimized graphene material considerably improves the power conversion efficiency of the cells, resulting in a 45% increase in short-circuit current density ( JSC). This study uses capsician as a bonding agent to enhance the current density of a graphene–TiO2 based semi-organic solar cell. The mechanical and electrical properties of the cell are investigated using a scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray, and Corescan.
Guarding Against China’s Predatory Acquisition of Foreign Technologies: A Quad Perspective
Authors: Tyagi Gaurav , Behera Laxman Kumar , Yadav Ankur , Verma Naresh Kumar
Published: June 2024

The study examines the response of the Quad countries (Australia, India, Japan and the United States) to People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s predatory acquisition of foreign technologies. This article looks at PRC’s science and technology (S&T) policy and its relation to the grand strategy of attaining global superpower status. The meteoric rise of the PRC in the last four decades has amazed many. Innovation and technological advancement and their alignment with government policies are important factors in this rise. The study notes that PRC’s S&T policy involves, among others, acquiring foreign technologies through illicit means that include stealing through espionage and sophisticated cyberattacks and forcing overseas companies operating in China to share intellectual property rights with local partners. Alarmed by PRC’s predatory strategy, the Quad countries have taken steps to regulate, and in some cases prohibit, the PRC’s targeted foreign investments and coercive and opportunistic takeovers. The article argues that the Quad countries need to coordinate their efforts to effectively counter PRC’s illicit acquisition of their technologies.
Effect of Cogmed Working Memory Training on Auditory Attention Span of Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Lal Nitin Anandi , Kothari Saroj
Published: June 2024

Background:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsiveness. The studies on non-pharmacological treatment for ADHD are rather sparse. In India, usually, ADHD is assessed using rating scales, and not much importance is given on selective attention, that is, auditory and/or visual. Kofler1 hypothesized a functional relationship between working memory (WM) and inattention.

Aim:

The current research was planned to study the effect of Cogmed Working Memory Training (CWMT) program on various parameters of the auditory attention span of children and adolescents having ADHD.

Methods:

A total of 30 children were taken for the current study. Parental consent was taken. Auditory attention span of the sample was measured by the Continuous Auditory Test of Attention (CATA). After pre-assessment, the children underwent CWMT program for 5 weeks. Cogmed is a scientifically researched program, which has been recommended to be used for improvement of WM and attention. At the end of the training, the children were reassessed by the abovementioned tool, CATA. t-test was used to analyze the pre-intervention and post- intervention data for auditory inattentiveness, impulsivity, sustained attention, and two age groups. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to analyze the comparison between male and female gender groups.

Results:

Results indicate the effectiveness of Cogmed Working Training Program on auditory attention span of children with ADHD.

Conclusion:

The results need to be validated if the improvement is sustained over a period of time with follow up assessment.
Look Who’s Talking Now: The Effects of Pre-recorded and AI-generated Synthetic Brand Voices on Brand Anthropomorphism and Brand Equity
Authors: Knödler Lino , Rudeloff Christian
Published: June 2024

Technological innovations, including artificial intelligence (AI), are progressively being integrated into marketing and branding. However, the novel nature of these technologies often shrouds their potential benefits and associated risks. This holds also true for the implementation of AI in the domain of brand voices. Brand voices may play a crucial role in fostering human-like brand perception (brand anthropomorphism), potentially offering competitive advantages for companies. However, the integration of AI in shaping brand voices in an advertising context remains a relatively unexplored area. This study addresses this gap by examining the impact of pre-recorded and AI-generated synthetic brand voices on brand anthropomorphism and brand equity. Conducted through a 3 × 2 online experiment the study shows that both pre-recorded and synthetic brand voices positively influence brand anthropomorphism. Additionally, brand anthropomorphism emerges as a strong mediator between brand voices and brand equity. Notably, the positive effects persist even when the synthetic brand voice is disclosed as being AI-generated. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are derived.
Forced vibration of an axially moving free-free beam with internal resonance
Authors: Yanhong Wu , Guangcai Han , Gangling Hou , Zhihua Yue
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the nonlinear governing equations of motion for an axially moving cylindrical shell with free ends which modeled as a free-free beam are established by the generalized Hamilton’s principle for the first time. The Galerkin method and multiple-scale method are adopted to solve the governing equations. Stability of the motion determined by the velocity and axial stiffness is investigated according to the linear equation firstly. Next, multiple-scale approach method is used to investigate the frequency response by adjusting the detuning parameters of the first two natural frequencies considering the internal resonance. Stability of periodic motion is studied through the trajectories of eigenvalues and phase of trajectories with adjusting the detuning parameter. Influences of its velocity and flexible force of the moving beam on the periodic motion and its stability are addressed through bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents. Correctness of the presented method for investigating dynamic behavior of the moving beam has been validated through Runge–Kutta numerical calculation. The goal of the research lies in the application of the method in the free-free moving beam and revealing the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the beam.
A Right to Know? Using Access to Information as Method in Critical Criminological Research
Authors: Mario Brittany , Kilty Jennifer
Published: June 2024

Access to Information and Privacy (ATIP) requests are becoming an increasingly common method of qualitative inquiry, particularly for critical criminologists in Canada who face barriers in accessing Canadian prisons to conduct research. This article explores the politics of institutional gatekeeping and highlights the ongoing policing of critical criminological knowledge, necessitating the use of ATIP as a data collection method. Two case studies describe the strategies that the authors mobilized to acquire records from the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) when their applications to conduct research inside prisons were denied. The authors argue that while access to information legislation is promoted as allowing for increased accountability and transparency of the government, real transparency is a public myth. This lack of transparency is linked to the ascendancy of administrative criminology in Canada, which ultimately devalues critical research and inhibits information flows in and out of carceral spaces.
An Evaluation of the Sharing Dance Public School Program on Physical Literacy
Authors: Graham Jeffrey D. , Babij Stephanie , Bedard Chloe , Bremer Emily , Powell Ashleigh , Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly P. , Kwan Matthew Y.W. , Cairney John
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Physical literacy (PL) is a multidimensional concept that includes the domains of movement competence, positive affect, social participation, and the confidence, motivation, and knowledge and understanding necessary for regular engagement in physical activity. The Sharing Dance Public School Program was created by Canada’s National Ballet School specifically designed to promote PL through dance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the program to improve PL in grade 4 to 6 children over the course of a school year. Methods: Children were initially recruited from two schools including an intervention and a control school. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection was prematurely terminated which resulted in baseline and mid-point data from the intervention group only. As such, participants included 57 children ( n = 28 females, Mage = 10.34 ± 0.85 years) that engaged in the dance program once per week for 50 minutes. Assessments of PL included a direct measure of movement competence (PLAYfun) and a self-report measure (survey) to assess the other domains of PL. Results: Significant improvements were found in movement competence. However, significant decreases were found for fun and enjoyment, confidence, and social participation. No changes were observed for knowledge and understanding or overall PL. Conclusions: Findings from the present study are encouraging as they provide initial evidence for the support of community-based PL programs, such as the Sharing Dance Public School Program, to help children develop their movement competence. Future research is needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of the Sharing Dance Public School Program over a school year, and when compared to a control group, as was initially intended.
Effects of community-based fall prevention interventions for older adults using information and communication technology: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Kayoung , Yi Jungeun , Lee Seon-Heui
Published: June 2024

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of fall prevention interventions using information and communication technology (ICT). Methods: A comprehensive search across four databases was performed. The inclusion criteria were fall prevention interventions including telehealth, computerized balance training, exergaming, mobile application education, virtual reality exercise, and cognitive-behavioral training for community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years. Results: Thirty-four studies were selected. Telehealth, smart home systems, and exergames reduced the risk of falls (RR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.54, 0.75]). Telehealth and exergame improved balance (MD = 3.30, 95% CI [1.91, 4.68]; MD = 4.40, 95% CI [3.09, 5.71]). Telehealth improved physical function (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI [0.23, 1.16]). Overall, ICT fall interventions improved fall efficacy but not cognitive function. For quality of life (QOL), mixed results were found depending on the assessment tools. Conclusion: Future investigations on telehealth, smart home systems, or exergames are needed to motivate older adults to exercise and prevent falls.
Robotic Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation Device Removal
Authors: Emengo Pamela , Nicastri Daniel , Jacob John
Published: June 2024

Although most patients with reflux can be managed with medical therapy, some require surgical intervention to manage their disease. Newer technologies, such as magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA), have been promoted as the replacement of fundoplication. However, as time has elapsed, our institution noticed the need for the removal of MSA devices. Although a few reports have described MSA device removals, we provide a deeper explanation of how to perform a robotic device removal. Our article describes the technical steps and includes a video to demonstrate how to complete the surgery robotically.
Outcomes in Drainage Ankle Disarticulation vs Guillotine Transtibial Amputation in the Staged Approach to Below-Knee Amputation
Authors: Mayer Alissa M. , Cates Nicole K. , Tefera Eshetu , Ragothaman Kevin K. , Fan Kenneth L. , Evans Karen K. , Steinberg John S. , Attinger Christopher E.
Published: June 2024

A transtibial amputation is the traditional primary staged amputation for source control in the setting of non-salvageable lower extremity infection, trauma, or avascularity prior to progression to proximal amputation. The primary aim of the study is to compare preoperative risk factors and postoperative outcomes between patients who underwent transtibial amputation versus ankle disarticulation in staged amputations. A retrospective review of 152 patients that underwent staged below the knee amputation were compared between those that primarily underwent transtibial amputation (N = 70) versus ankle disarticulation (N = 82). The mean follow-up for all 152 patients was 2.1 years (range = 0.04-7.9 years). The odds of incisional healing were 3.2 times higher for patients with guillotine amputation compared to patients with ankle disarticulation (odds ratio [OR] = 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.437-7.057). The odds of postoperative infection is 7.4 times higher with ankle disarticulation compared to patients with guillotine amputation (OR = 7.345, 95% CI = 1.505-35.834). There were improved outcomes in patients that underwent staged below the knee amputation with primarily guillotine transtibial amputation compared to primarily ankle disarticulation. Ankle disarticulation should be reserved for more distal infections, to allow for adequate infectious control, in the aims of decreasing postoperative infection and improving incisional healing rates.

Levels of Evidence: 3, Retrospective study