bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Will the BBC Survive?
Authors: Schlesinger Philip
Published: July 2017

Whether the BBC will last for more than another three years in its present form is now open to serious question. But precisely how it will be modified is also a matter of uncertainty, and the fate of the BBC will affect the rest of British broadcasting.
Does Gambling Complement the Tourist Industry? Some Empirical Evidence of Import Substitution and Demand Displacement
Authors: Przybylski Michael , Felsenstein Daniel , Freeman Daniel , Littlepage Laura
Published: July 2017

Gambling is intuitively considered as part of the tourism ‘package’. This paper empirically assesses this perception in the context of actual casino development in Indiana and simulated impacts of a hypothetical casino in Israel. In both contexts, the sources of demand for gambling, the extent to which these are ‘tourist’ sources and the question of gambling-generated demand displacing existing tourist demand, are examined. Despite the rather different market and political contexts in Indiana and Israel, the findings on the gambling-tourism relationship and the effect of gambling on local economies, are remarkably consistent. In both cases, gambling is seen to be grounded in import-substitution rather than pure ‘export’ activity. Additionally, in both cases there is evidence that the introduction of gambling displaces tourist demand. The policy implications of these findings point to the need to differentiate between local and national impacts of gambling and between the local fiscal and local economic development impacts.
Report: The World Tourism Organization's Efforts in the Development of a Tourism Satellite Account
Authors: Paci Enzo
Published: July 2017

A tourism satellite account (TSA) is a synthetic statistical operation closely linked to the central core of a country's national accounts, placing an emphasis on tourism activity. It isolates the various items making up economic tourism activity from the universe of national accounts in order to: specify the impact and describe the direct and indirect effects of tourism on the economy; quantify the overall impact of tourism; analyse the relationships between tourism and the rest of the economy; and make it possible to use major qualitative parameters in analysing tourism activity – place of residence, sex, income, duration of stay, etc. This report outlines the efforts of the World Tourism Organization (WTO) to develop a flexible and sustainable framework for the national and international implementation of TSAs.
Middle East
Authors: Bar-On Raphael Raymond
Published: July 2017

The World Tourism Organization (WTO) reported 14.8 million international tourist arrivals (excluding day-visits) in its Middle East region in 1997, 4.9% above 1996, and 36.0 million in its ‘Expanded Middle East’ region (including Eastern Mediterranean and Northern Africa). Receipts reported from international tourism in the Middle East region totalled US$10 billion, 13% above 1996 (in current US$, including receipts from day-visitors, excluding International Fares) and US$24 billion in the ‘Expanded Middle East’ region. Tourist arrivals, receipts and hotel capacity are presented for 13 countries of the Middle East region and 9 related countries.
Falls on Stairs: an Epidemiological Accident Study
Authors: Svanström Leif
Published: July 2017

In the words of M. Candau, accidents rate as “the world's third worst killer”, and in the industrialized society, with increasing hazards to life and health, it is of the utmost importance to find ways to reduce their number as well as their deadly and crippling effects. Accident research will undoubtedly reap great benefits from the epidemiological approach, formerly regarded as primarily a means for the study of infectious diseases. The author is at present specializing in the study of fall accidents, using epidemiological methods. Here he gives an account of his epidemiological accident study of falls on stairs, which constitutes the socio-medical part of a broad investigation project, a survey made by sections at the Lund and Stockholm Institutes of Technology in collaboration with medical institutions at Lund University. The results reveal facts of great interest concerning prevention, and it is to be hoped that accident researchers in general will pay more attention to the value of epidemiological methods, in order to obtain a flexible foundation for our increasing knowledge of feasible preventive measures.
Victims of Assault Attending Casualty Departments
Authors: Honkanen Risto , Kiviluoto Olli , Nordström Rolf
Published: July 2017

Victims of assault make up about 8% of all adult injury cases. The purpose of this study was to analyse the personal characteristics and injuries of 518 victims of assault (=case material) and 496 accidentally injured ^controls), selected at random in a large casualty department. The proportion of males was higher among the assault cases than among controls (76 vs. 61%). Assault victims were more concentrated in the age range 15 to 44 years (81 vs. 64%). Fifty per cent of the cases and 8% of the controls were intoxicated, while the rates of chronic misuse of alcohol were 37 and 18%, respectively. Forty seven per cent of the cases and 18% of the controls arrived at night. Assault cases had sustained mostly minor head injuries. However, injuries needing referral to the ENT department or Dept. of jaw surgery were also common. Casualty departments are well suited to victim studies. Additional information as to social background, criminality and psychiatric morbidity of victims is needed.
Head Injury in Road Traffic Accidents: A Prospective Study in Trøndelag, Norway, 1979–80
Authors: Edna Tom-Harald , Cappelen Johan
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the present prospective investigation was to study the epidemiology of head injuries sustained in road traffic accidents. The characteristics of all 503 headinjured patients admitted to hospitals in the two counties of Trøndelag province, Norway, in 1979 and 1980 are described. The annual incidence was 89 per 100000 inhabitants. There was a male preponderance in all categories of victims. The highest male to female ratio was found in motorcyclists and mopedists (6.3:1). Pedal cycle accidents accounted for 33% of all accidents, constituting the most common cause of head injury on the roads in the period from May to the end of September. There were more pedal cycle accidents in the present series than in previous studies on road traffic accidents.
Long-term Regret Among 216 Sterilized Women: A Six-year Follow-up Investigation
Authors: Børdahl P. E.
Published: July 2017

Six years after tubal sterilization 16 of 208 women reported serious regret. The desire for another child in a new relationship was given as the main reason for later regret, although other causes were also reported. No association between age, parity, time or type of tubal sterilization and later regret was demonstrated. However, a greater proportion of regretters than of the remainder had been recommended the sterilization by a doctor at abortion application. The regretters had undergone more abortions before their sterilization, and the study revealed more unstable marriages with consequently less support from the spouse at sterilization in the regretting group. Post-sterilization regret is discussed within the framework of life events and social support.
One-year Incidence of Home Accidents in a Rural Swedish Municipality
Authors: Schelp Lothar , Svanström Leif
Published: July 2017

Since 1978 a continuous registration of acute in-patient and out-patient visits, has been conducted in a municipality in Skaraborg County in western Sweden as a part of the evaluation of an intervention programme. Such a comprehensive community oriented intervention programme has never been reported before. A special focus has been directed at accident cases divided up by environment: home, work, traffic, and other. A total of 20440 inhabitants in the municipality were registered in health and medical care centres over a six-year period because of injuries. Since 23.5% of all accidents happen in the home, cases of home accidents have been mapped out in more detail with the help of standardized and structured surveys via thelephone interviews. All of these were completed with a review of hospital records and death certificates. Because of the comprehensive registration we were able for the first time in Sweden to calculate the distribution of home accidents down to very small geographical areas. The thinly populated areas show significantly higher levels of home accidents when compared to the densely populated areas. In addition to geographical differences, there were incidence differences regarding sex, age group, and type of housing. The majority of home accidents (76.5%) occurred in connection with moving, play, and hobbies. Injuries from blows, cuts, and collisions are the most common type of accidents for men, while injuries from falls are the most dominant types for women. The dominating types of injuries are: contusions, fractures, and wounds. A significantly higher incidence of accident cases among the elderly exists in all of the old age homes-/service houses in the study area. Mapping of home accidents on the local level is needed as a base-line for the intervention programme as well as the evaluation of its effects.
Social variation in infant mortality in a core city of Finland during the 19th and early 20th centuries
Authors: Vuorinen Heikki S.
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study was to examine social variation (social class, legitimacy) in infant mortality in a core municipality (Viipuri) in Finland from 1819 to 1918. Data were obtained from the Population Change Tables of Finnish, Swedish and German parishes of the town of Viipuri. During the 19th and early 20th centuries the German parish socially had the highest rank and the Finnish one the lowest while the Swedish parish held an in-between position. The study period was divided into the preindustrial period (until 1868) and the period of industrialization (from 1868 onwards). Results of the study indicated a clear association between social class and infant mortality in the preindustrial period; in the period of industrialization the association was also clear but smaller. Legitimacy as a determinant of infant mortality became more marked towards the early 20th century. Industrialization brought with it some factors, such as numerous public health measures, which benefited the legitimate infants and narrowed their social group differences.
A local influence approach to sensitivity analysis of incomplete longitudinal ordinal data
Authors: van Steen Kristel , Molenberghs Geert , Verbeke Geert , Thijs Herbert
Published: July 2017

One of the major concerns when analysing incomplete longitudinal data is the fact that models necessarily rest on strong assumptions, unverifiable from the data. In response to these concerns, there is growing awareness of the usefulness of sensitivity analysis. In this paper we will focus on repeated ordinal data. Specifically, we implement a formal approach to such a sensitivity assessment, based on local influence, in the presence of multivariate categorical data. We explore the influence of perturbing a MAR dropout model in the direction of non-random dropout, and apply the proposed method to data from a longitudinal multicentre psychiatric study.
The preparation of physical education students for health education lessons – theory and reality
Authors: Klimas Nela , Laudańska-Krzemińska Ida
Published: July 2017

The aim of the study was to confront the requirements of the new core curriculum, changing the status of school-based health education and linking it strongly with physical education (PE), with the actual preparation of students to conduct health education lessons.                The survey was conducted in the academic year 2014/2015 at the Eugeniusz Piasecki University of Physical Education in Poznan, among 51 physical education master's students. The diagnostic survey method based on the authorial and anonymous questionnaire was used.                 According to the study results one of the most challenging tasks of future PE teacher are those connected with psychosocial health and developing life skills among children and youth.
Training elements in football. Differences in the training system between polish club and german club
Authors: Kalinowski Paweł , Judreczka Katarzyna
Published: July 2017

In modern football control and monitoring of training can increase the effectiveness of teaching. It’s going to provide coaches and athletes comprehensive training conditions. The results obtained by the athletes representing football in Poland tend to looking for reasons causing this state of affairs. The aim  was to try to show the differences in training football between Polish and German club. The subject of observation and analysis were players representing Polish and German club. Footballers presented the highest levels of sports as evidenced by participation in the highest league in Poland and Germany. The research method was used direct observation and an analysis of the results of youth teams.
Comparison of quality and organization of physical activities organized by University Sports Association at selected universities of the Upper Silesia
Authors: Dyla Michalina , Rżany Michał , Rzadkowska Aleksandra , Suszyński Krzysztof , Górka Dariusz
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Gym exercises have become more and more popular in the recent years. Thus, it is not surprising that this form of physical activity offered by University Sports Association has become a popular choice among the university students. However, to benefit from the workout, the exercises must be performed correctly. Application of excessive loads, number of repetitions, or poor technique can cause injury, which may lead to serious physical damage. Aim. The aims were to check the quality and organization of physical activities ogranized by University Sports Association in chosen universities of the Upper Silesia. The questions asked were:1. Is there a correlation  between different universities and the health control among new students at the gym?2. Does the type of university correlate with the quality of the workout?3. Is there a correlation between the type of university and the duration of the strength training?Materials and Methods. 120 students were examined, among which there were 44 women aged 17 to 24 (x=20,8;SD= 1,8) and 76 man aged 17 to 28 (x=21,8; SD= 1,9). They were university students from the following Upper Silesian universities: ŚUM, AWF, UŚ and UE, who regularly practise gym exercises organized by Academic Sports Association. An original questionnaire was created for the purpose of this study. The questions concerned participation in the gym activities, choice of exercises in context of their health predispositions, presentation of the proper technique of exercises, information about synchronization exercises with breath and quality control of performed exercises without prior request of the students. Statistical analysis was performed by a program Statistica. Results. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated a statistically significant relation between the type of university and the health control among new students at the gym (p=0,005). ŚUM is the university where the students are the most often controlled. There is no correlation between the type of university and the quality of the training (p=0,35). The duration of strength training is not correlated with the type of university. Students of AWF Katowice spend the most time at the gym, whereas students from ŚUM Katowice spend the least.Conclusion 1. Frequency of the health control among students starting classes at the gym depends on the type of university.2.  The type of university does not affect the quality of the training.3.  The duration of training does not depend on the type of university.
The talent management based on the example of Military Sports Teams and Military Sports Training Centers
Authors: Malinowski Łukasz Mariusz
Published: July 2017

The article concerns the problems of sourcing talent for Military Sports Training Centers, describes the financial support provided by the Ministry of Sport and Tourism. It also describes the operation and achievements of Polish Military Sports Teams.
Trademarks in sports
Authors: Westfal Krzysztof M.
Published: July 2017

Przez uzyskanie prawa ochronnego na krajowy znak towarowy, rozumie się używanie znaku towarowego w sposób zarobkowy lub zawodowy na całym obszarze RP. Natomiast analogiczne uprawnienie wynikające z rejestracji wspólnotowego znaku towarowego, dotyczy stosowania znaku na terytorium całej Wspólnoty. Używanie znaku towarowego polega w szczególności na umieszczaniu tego znaku na towarach objętych prawem ochronnym lub ich opakowaniach, oferowaniu i wprowadzaniu tych towarów do obrotu, ich imporcie lub eksporcie, a także oferowaniu lub świadczeniu usług pod tym znakiem oraz posługiwaniu się takim znakiem w celu reklamy. W dobie wielkich pieniędzy, które bezsprzecznie rządzą dzisiejszym sportem, prawa ze znaków towarowych, obok praw do transmisji z wydarzeń sportowych, zyskują dla wszystkich sportowych jednostek organizacyjnych znaczenia kluczowego. Kluby, związki i federacje sportowe czerpią zyski z praw do znaków towarowych, głównie poprzez udzielanie przedsiębiorcom licencji na ich używanie. Proces ten najłatwiej zaobserwować  przy okazji organizacji dużych wydarzeń sportowych.Jako cel badań niżej podpisany obrał wskazanie prawnych zasad zarządzania znakami towarowymi w sporcie, w obliczu ich ciągle rosnącego znaczenia. Publikacja obejmie prezentację sposób i zasady wykorzystywania zarejestrowanych już znaków sportowych przez sportowe jednostki organizacyjne, a także płynących stąd korzyści. Realizacja celu badawczego będzie dokonywana, przede wszystkim, przy zastosowaniu metody dogmatycznej. Analizie poddane zostaną akty prawa krajowego i unijnego. Podejmowana problematyka rodzi jednak konieczność uwzględnienia dorobku także innych nauk, zwłaszcza marketingu, biznesu i ekonomii. Wśród materiałów poddanych analizie, oprócz aktów prawa powszechnie wymienić należy także dane zgromadzonych w rejestrach znaków towarowych UP RP i OHIM. Za główny wniosek płynącym z niniejszego opracowania uznać należy konstatację, iż jakość w nowoczesnym sporcie przejawia się również, a w kwestii finansowej być może przede wszystkim, w jakości zarządzania znakami towarowymi.
The quality of life of disabled athletes in terms of socio–cultural issues - sociological approach
Authors: Niedbalski Jakub
Published: July 2017

The main objective of the paper is to present the individual, social and organizational determinants of sport for people with disabilities from a sociological perspective. In the article I explained how professional sports can affect the lives of disabled physically people. I focused on the multi-dimensional socio-cultural context. Referring to the individual experience of disabled athletes and the people around them, I have reconstructed the character and scope of the impact of physical activity and sport in the life of disabled person. The article based on a synthesis of three levels: general social, local and individual, which can be distinguished on the basis of research and analysis of empirical material.The conclusions are based on qualitative data gained using unstructured interviews and observation techniques. Analysis and interpretation of the empirical material is carried out according to the methodology of grounded theory.
Mechanisms and abnormalities in business valuation of football enterprises
Authors: Cieplucha Mateusz
Published: July 2017

The paper shows in synthetic way a process and irregularities in the football business valuation. It has been shown selected valuation methods, their strengths, weaknesses and limitations. Paper also indicate the factors on which depends the process of clubs evaluations. Further part of article discusses examples of ways used by decision-makers and accountants to manipulate the financial reporting units that reduce transparency and legitimacy of valuation. The following part of the study describes the conditions of evaluation and assessment of enterprises of football in relation to their specific business evident. The aim of the study was to present ambiguity and difficulty evaluating sports business. Football business has wide range of features marked by quality factors. This characteristic affects so significant dimension to design differences among book value and market value. The research material used in the study is a review of the literature and simulation model of football business valuation based on ratio analysis, P/E and P/BV indicators.
The quality of sport- recreation services with regard of fitness club for women
Authors: Widawska-Stanisz Agnieszka
Published: July 2017

The aim of this article was showing the meaning of quality in the service activity of sport- recreation companies. Taking under consideration current research concerning the forms of spending free time, health-promoting lifestyle, trends of physical activity, searching of new ways of fulfilling these needs, it is worth noticing the potential of sport-recreation branch. Additionally, it is worth mentioning that the market of sport- recreation services in Poland is flaked and Polish receivers more often look for services totally fulfilling their needs and high quality services. There is an example of function the chain of fitness clubs for women in this article, and the trial of attempt of diagnosing the determiners influencing the level of quality sport-recreation services.
Swimming coaches competences in the opinion of expert coaches
Authors: Seweryniak Tomasz , Muracka Justyna , Stosik Aneta
Published: July 2017

Competence athletic trainers are of great importance to the quality of education in the system of Polish sport. Unfortunately publications on the competence of the trainers take this issue unilaterally, without taking into account the full specifics of their work. Prepared article seeks to increase knowledge about the competence of the trainers working with high-class swimmers.                The study was based on interviews with coaches with high seniority and the results to be considered surveyed by experts. Respondents' opinions compared with the literature to determine the set of competencies specific to the high-class coaches swimmers.
Selected elements of motivational impact on sport performance in professional volleyball teams
Authors: Seweryniak Tomasz , Nowak Agnieszka , Stosik Aneta
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study is to present techniques and means through which professional sport teams coaches may influence their players’ motivation. It includes analysis of present solutions used in practice and indicates directions for potential improvements. The conclusions of this study are based on a series of dedicated survey concerning various elements of motivational impact. The research was carried out among  polish coaches of professional men’s volleyball league. The studies of literature combined with practical experience, allowed the authors to present a set of elements of motivational impact, including motivating methods referring to different sources and forms of motivation. The results show that in the process of motivation coaches resort to both individual and collective techniques of influence. Motivational means declared to be used by respondents include: motivational speech, ongoing assessment of actions, raising voice,  using reward and punishment system,  code of honor and motivational recordings with own and opponent’s actions.
Use of Simulation to Assess Incoming Interns' Recognition of Opportunities to Choose Wisely
Authors: Wiest Kathleen M. , Farnan Jeanne M. , Byrne Ellen , Matern Lukas , Cappaert Melissa , Hirsch Kristen , Arora Vineet M.
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

Despite increasing healthcare costs, training on cost‐consciousness is lacking in graduate medical education (GME). Medical centers must consider how best to incorporate value‐based training into their GME curricula.

OBJECTIVE

To incorporate low‐value principles into an existing GME simulation exercise and assess incoming interns' recognition of low‐value care.

METHODS

Choosing Wisely™ lists were reviewed to identify 4 low‐value hazards to be embedded into a simulated hospital room in addition to the 8 patient safety hazards used previously. Interns were given 10 minutes to independently review a mock chart and list all hazards they identified in the simulation. Interns completed a short survey on their prior training in medical school and a follow‐up survey one month into internship. T tests used to compare identification of low‐value vs safety hazards and to associate performance with prior training.

RESULTS

The mean percentage of hazards correctly identified was 50.4% (standard deviation [SD] 11.8%). Interns identified significantly fewer low‐value hazards (mean 19.2%, SD 18.6%) than safety hazards (mean 66.0%, SD 16.0%; P < .001). For example, while 96% of interns identified the hand hygiene hazard, only 6% identified the unnecessary blood transfusion and none identified the unnecessary stress ulcer prophylaxis. Interns who self‐reported as confident in their ability to identify hazards were not any more likely to correctly identify hazards than those who were not confident.

CONCLUSIONS

The “Room of Horrors” simulation revealed poor awareness of low‐value care among interns. The simulation highlights a promising model for the prioritization and inclusion of value‐based experiential training in GME.
Hospital‐Based Clinicians' Use of Technology for Patient Care‐Related Communication: A National Survey
Authors: O'Leary Kevin J. , Liebovitz David M. , Wu Robert C. , Ravi Ksheeraja , Knoten Claire A. , Sun Mengxin , Walker Ashley M. , Reddy Madhu C.
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE

To characterize current use of communication technologies, including standard text messaging and secure mobile messaging applications, for patient care–related (PCR) communication.

METHODS

We used a Society of Hospital Medicine database to conduct a national cross‐sectional survey of hospital‐based clinicians.

RESULTS

We analyzed data from 620 survey respondents (adjusted response rate, 11.0%). Pagers were provided by hospitals to 495 (79.8%) of these clinicians, and 304 (49%) of the 620 reported they received PCR messages most commonly by pager. Use of standard text messaging for PCR communication was common, with 300 (52.9%) of 567 clinicians reporting receipt of standard text messages once or more per day. Overall, 21.5% (122/567) of respondents received standard text messages that included individually identifiable information, 41.3% (234/567) received messages that included some identifiable information (eg, patient initials), and 21.0% (119/567) received messages for urgent clinical issues at least once per day. About one‐fourth of respondents (26.6%, 146/549) reported their organization had implemented a secure messaging application that some clinicians were using, whereas few (7.3%, 40/549) reported their organization had implemented an application that most clinicians were using.

DISCUSSION

Pagers remain the technology most commonly used by hospital‐based clinicians, but a majority also use standard text messaging for PCR communication, and relatively few hospitals have fully implemented secure mobile messaging applications.

CONCLUSION

The wide range of technologies used suggests an evolution of methods to support communication among healthcare professionals.
AcademyHealth's Delivery System Science Fellowship: Training Embedded Researchers to Design, Implement, and Evaluate New Models of Care
Authors: Kanani Nisha , Hahn Erin E. , Gould Michael K. , Brunisholz Kimberly D. , Savitz Lucy A. , Holve Erin C.
Published: July 2017

AcademyHealth's Delivery System Science Fellowship (DSSF) provides a paid postdoctoral pragmatic learning experience to build capacity within learning healthcare systems to conduct research in applied settings. The fellowship provides hands‐on training and professional leadership opportunities for researchers. Since its inception in 2012, the program has grown rapidly, with 16 health systems participating in the DSSF to date. In addition to specific projects conducted within health systems (and numerous publications associated with those initiatives), the DSSF has made several broader contributions to the field, including defining delivery system science, identifying a set of training objectives for researchers working in delivery systems, and developing a national collaborative network of care delivery organizations, operational leaders, and trainees. The DSSF is one promising approach to support higher‐value care by promoting continuous learning and improvement in health systems.
Prominent Attributes Under Limited Attention
Authors: Zhu Yi , Dukes Anthony
Published: July 2017

Evidence shows that marketers can direct consumers’ limited attention to specific product attributes by making them “prominent.” This research asks: How should firms decide which attribute to make prominent in competitive environments? A key feature of this setting is that consumers’ preferences are context-dependent and that a firm’s choice of an attribute affects the evaluation of all products in the category. We develop a model in which firms selectively promote one of two attributes (e.g., image or performance) before competing in price. We find when consumers evaluate both attributes, perceived differentiation within an attribute can become diluted; we call this the dilution effect. This implies that making the same attribute prominent can arise in equilibrium. Only if there is a sufficient quality advantage in an attribute do we find equilibria with firms making different attributes prominent. We also show how the dilution effect can be a disincentive for investments in quality improvements.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1037 .
Robotic surgery in hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Konan Sujith , Maden Carla , Robbins Alex
Published: July 2017

This article provides an overview of current use of robotics in hip and knee arthroplasty. Several studies have reported radiographic improvements in joint alignment using robotic-assisted arthroplasty surgery. The economic case made for introducing robotics in joint arthroplasty largely focuses on the hypothesis of reduced hospital stay and reduction in the rate of revisions. This awaits robust data from long-term studies along with the documentation of clinical benefits that will follow the larger implementation of robotic-assisted surgery. However, modern robotic systems offer an opportunity for reproducible implementation of a preoperative plan, with low complication rates. Growing clinical use may in future present robust data demonstrating an appreciable clinical benefit that justifies the large scale clinical use of robotic technology.
Non-invasive imaging in cardiology for the generalist
Authors: Davies Mark J , Newton James D
Published: July 2017

In contrast to invasive techniques, the goal of non-invasive cardiac imaging is to identify or exclude heart disease in response to a patient's clinical history of cardiac localizing symptoms. Imaging also aims to establish the risk of an individual developing future heart disease with a view to preventing major cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction. As well as a role in risk stratification, non-invasive cardiac imaging also helps with decision making for future medical and procedural interventions.

This review outlines the non-invasive imaging modalities available to physicians to identify and risk stratify cardiovascular disease. It discusses the strengths of each imaging technique, in which circumstances it is most useful and its diagnostic accuracy.
The landscape structure change of the tropical lowland forest and its possible effect on tree species diversity in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: ZULFIKHAR ZULFIKHAR , ZULKIFLI HILDA , KADIR SABARUDDIN , ISKANDAR ISKHAQ
Published: July 2017

Zulfikhar, Zulkifli H, Kadir S, Iskandar I. 2017. The landscape structure change of the tropical lowland forest and its possible effect on tree species diversity in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 916-927. The forest fragmentation is a spatial structure change, resulted in a reduction of the number and size of forest patches, and a subdivision and breaking up of the areas into smaller parcels. The key scientific challenges concern the significant gaps exist in our ability to understand the relationships between landscape structure, biodiversity and the output of ecosystem services at different spatial and temporal scales. The objective of this study was to examine the possible effect of changes in a spatial pattern of habitat against the changes of the tree species diversity. We apply a landscape structure analysis of the forest fragmentation, and then determine the principal component of the landscape metrics. We analyzed multitemporal satellite imageries from 1989 to 2013, that have been clipped as a sampling area. Thirty-two circular sampling areas with a radius of 2,500 meters were used. We conducted observations in 32 unit sample plots of biodiversity in the size of 20 meters by 50 meters, at a midpoint of the clip of area sampling. The results of a test of inter-correlation of all variable data showed that there were 15 of 23 landscape metrics of natural forest, reliable for the next analysis. We reduced the number of variables into three new variable groups using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We produce three of six models of principal component multipleregression were significant (p < 0.05) to predict the composition and diversity of tree species caused by a change of landscape metrics, namely the species richness index, species equity index, and basal area of a tree stand. The prediction models are beneficial in the planning of biodiversity conservation and restoration of the fragmented natural forest.
An investigation on plant species composition and diversity in the coniferous and broadleaved plantations: Case study of Bibi Yanlu Forest Park, Astara, Iran
Authors: SALAHI TOWHID , POURBABAEI HASSAN , SALAHI MAZIAR , KARAMZADEH SARKHOSH
Published: July 2017

Salahi T, Pourbabaei H, Salahi M, Karamzadeh S. 2017. An investigation on plant species composition and diversity in the coniferous and broadleaved plantations: Case study of Bibi Yanlu Forest Park, Astara, Iran. Biodiversitas 18: 958-963. The aim of this study was to investigate vegetation composition in hardwood and coniferous plantations in 220 ha of Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata C.A.Mey) and poplar (Populus deltoids) and its comparison with natural forests in Bibi Yanlu protected forest park in Astara, north of Guilan Province, Iran. Totally, 60 sampling plots of 1000 m2 by systematic-random method using 150 × 150 m grid in plantation and 200 × 200 m in the natural forest were established. To study the biodiversity, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson's diversity indices, Hill evenness and richness indices were utilized. The results of this research showed that there is a significant difference for diversity and richness indices between natural forest and plantations. Diversity and richness indices in the natural forest were higher than Loblolly pine, poplar and alder plantations. The Hill evenness index between natural forest and plantations did not indicate significant differences. In terms of herbaceous and woody species similarity, alder plantation was closer to natural forest, and pine plantation had the least similarity with the natural forest.
Blood cockle (Anadara granosa) supplementation to increase serum calcium level and femur growth of low-protein diet rat
Authors: SOLANG MARGARETHA
Published: July 2017

Solang M. 2017. Blood cockle (Anadara granosa) supplementation to increase serum calcium level and femur growth of lowprotein diet rat. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 62-67. Blood cockle (Anadara granosa) contains protein, zinc and calcium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood cockle flour supplement on serum calcium level, rat femur length and weight of rat femur on low-protein diet. The design of research used The Separate Sample Pre-Post Test Design. Forty eight Wistar male rats were randomly grouped into 2 groups, 12 rats as normal control group and 36 rats as malnourished group. After eight weeks, 4 rats from each group were sacrificed. Furthermore, 8 rats as normal control and 32 rats as malnourished group were randomly grouped. Malnourished rats were treated with blood cockle flour of 12.5%/kg diet, 25%/kg diet, and 50%/kg diet ad libitum for 8 weeks. Data analysis was performed with One Way ANOVA, LSD, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results of study showed that the supplementation of blood cockle flour of 12.5%/kg diet was significantly increase the serum calcium level (p=0.003), rat femur length (p=0.000) and rat femur weight (p=0.002) on low-protein diet. This study demonstrated that blood cockle flour can be used as alternative food to improve the growth of rat femurs in a malnutrition condition.
Seed germination and seedling growth of Chiococca javanica (Rubiaceae) in relation to fruit maturation and media growth
Authors: PURWANTORO R. SUBEKTI
Published: July 2017

Purwantoro RS. 2017. Seed germination and seedling growth of Chiococca javanica (Rubiaceae) in relation to fruit maturation and media growth. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 111-119. Chiococca javanica is a plant having ornamental potential. The seeds extracted from the fruits were classified according to maturity stage: Unripe - yellow; ripe - reddish; and over ripe - dark-red and seed germination were done in two germination media: sand and rice husk. The statistical approach was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated that the seeds of C. javanica from the ripe and over ripe fruit had higher significances (P<0.05) on germination capacity, speed of germination, mean germination time, mean daily germination, peak value and germination value than the seeds from yellow fruits. The effect of growing media on germination process showed higher significance in sand than that in rice husk. Similarly, mean daily germination in sand was higher than that in rice husk. All seedling growth parameters of the seeds from ripe and over ripe fruit showed significant different on number of leaves, shoot length, diameter of seedlings, number of lateral roots, roots length, fresh weight and dry weight of plants than the seeds from unripe fruit.
Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease
Authors: Widagdo Widagdo , Sadeli Rachmad , Wahidyat Iskandar
Published: July 2017

The folllowing case represents a Hand-Schuller-Christian disease as evidenced both by the clinical course and by the examination of biopsy material.
Leukemic Infiltration of the Kidney
Authors: Widagdo Widagdo , Wahidiyat Iskandar , Markum A. H.
Published: July 2017

The case presented below is probably the first report concerning renal involvement of leukemia ever published in the Indonesian literature.
The Importance of Paediatrics in Developing Countries
Authors: Stapleton Thomas
Published: July 2017

The rate of tuberculous infection is high. In many areas by the age of ten to fourteen years almost half the population have become tuberculin positive, not as a result of BCG vaccination, but as a result of infection acquired from someone in their environment.The fact that you have selected paediatric emergencies as one of the themes of this congress is merely a reflection that the overall mortality of children admitted to the children’s wards in a great teaching hospital such as you have here in Surabaya is of the order of fifteen to twenty per cent.
Epidemiological Trends of Tuberculosis in Low and High Prevalence Countries
Authors: Bleiker M.A.
Published: July 2017

The study of the epidemiology of tuberculosis and the need for a rational approach to the problem of tuberculosis control require a sound knowledge of the risk of transmission of tuberculosis infection from host to host. This knowledge is required today both in countries with a high prevalence and in those with a low prevalence of the disease. The risk of transmission of tuberculosis infection in a given community during a particular period of time is most reliably expressed numerically in terms of a series of average annual infection risks in successive calender years.The infection risk indicates the proportion of the population which will be primarily infected, or reinfected, with tubercle bacilli in the course of one year. The risk is usually expressed as a percentage or as a rate. The annual trend (decrease) in the risk of infection is even more important than the actual level of this risk.Tuberculin surveys in schoolchildren, which are repeated, say every five years, in the same area provide us with the necessary information to make estimates for the annual infection risk. In areas where infections with the socalled atypical mycobacteriae are frequent, simultaneous testing with two "Sensitins", one prepared from human tubercle bacilli and one from atypical mycobacteriae will be of value for estimating the proportion of those infected with virulent bacilli and those infected with other mycobacteriae.
Measuring Malnutrition and Intestinal Helminthiasis on Tobacco Plantation Workers’ Children
Authors: Lubis Chairuddin P. , Siregar Helena , Siregar Alogo , Lubis Ratna Maulana
Published: July 2017

Assessment of nutritional status and fecal examination for intestinal helminthiasis were conducted on 317 children of Tobacco Plantation workers. The nutritional status was measured by using the "three coloured cord" and fecal examination was done by the direct smear method with the result 15.14% of the children suffered from severe malnutrition, 44.80% possible mild malnutrition and 40.06% were normal. Fecal examination revealed that 64.90% had Ascariasis, 20.20% had Trichuriasis, 4.33% had Oxyuriasis.
Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Obesity in Elementary School Children
Authors: Soedibjo Soepardi , Djer Mulyadi M , Firmansyah Agus
Published: July 2017

An observational, cross sectional study was conducted on elementary school students in Central Jakarta between May and October 1997. This preliminary study aimed to determine the prevalence and influencing factors of obesity in elementary school students. From 488 students studied, 47 were obese. The prevalence rate in this study was 9.6%, with boys twice as much as girls. Factors that influenced the incidence of obesity were: (1) age, (2) time of introduction of solid food during infancy, (3) eating habit, (4) calorie intake, and (5) physical activities. There were two factors that increased the incidence of obesity namely: (1) obesity of parents, and (2) birth weight. Environmental factors that increased the incidence of obesity were: (1) parent's occupation and (2) family income. Laboratory findings associated with obesity were: (1) increase blood cholesterol concentration, (2) increase blood triglyceride concentration, (3) decreased HDL cholesterol concentration, and (4) increased LDL cholesterol concentration. We conclude that the prevalence rate of obesity obtained in this study was higher compared with the previous studies, and that obesity in school children is influenced by many factors.
Development of the Bicycle Constraints Scale: Validity and reliability study
Bisiklet Engelleri Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması
Authors: Balcı Velittin , Özbek Oğuz , Koçak Funda , Çeyiz Senem
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop the "Bicycle Handicap Scale (BHS)" and to test the validity of the scale to demonstrate the obstacles bicyclists encounter. 292 bicycle riders cycling in Eskisehir and Ankara for various purposes for transportation or recr[1]eational purposes in their daily life were participated voluntarily. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed in order to ensure the validity of the BEÖ structure. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a 5-dimensional structure was obtained on the scale. In the confirmatory factor analysis, five factorial structure was tested and it was determined that the obtained model was in accordance with the compliance criteria. According to this, BEÖ consists of 30 items consisting of 8 items in individual dimension, 5 items in law and regulation, 6 items in socio-cultural dimension, 7 items in physical and economic dimension and 4 items in infrastructure dimension. The internal consistency coefficient of the BEÖ was .92 for the scale, and between .89 and .73 for the subscales of the scale. As a result; It has been found that BEÖ is a useful measuring tool, developed to measure the attitudes of cyclists towards the obstacles encountered while riding a bicycle as a result of the validity and reliability studies conducted.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, bisiklet kullanıcılarının karşılaştıkları engelleri ortaya koyabilmek amacıyla “Bisiklet Engelleri Ölçeği’ni (BEÖ)” geliştirmek ve ölçeğin geçerlik güvenirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Araştırma tarama modelindedir. Araştırmaya Eskişehir ve Ankara’da bisikleti olan ve günlük yaşamında ulaşım amaçlı veya rekreatif amaçlı olarak çeşitli amaçlarla bisiklet kullanan 292 bisiklet kullanıcısı gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. BEÖ’nün yapı geçerliğini sağlamak amacıyla açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçekte 5 boyutlu yapı elde edilmiştir. Yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde ise beş faktörlü yapı sınanmış ve elde edilen modelin uyum ölçütlerine uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna göre BEÖ, bireysel boyutunda 8 madde, yasa ve mevzuat boyutunda 5 madde, sosyo-kültürel boyutunda 6 madde, fiziksel ve ekonomik boyutunda 7 madde ve alt yapı boyutunda 4 madde olmak üzere 30 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin geneli için BEÖ’nün iç tutarlık katsayısı, .92, alt boyutları içinse .89 ile .73 arasında bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak; yapılan geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması sonucunda bisiklet kullanıcılarının bisiklete binerken karşılaştıkları engellere yönelik tutumlarını ölçmek amacıyla geliştiren BEÖ’nün kullanılabilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.