bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stray light control for the space-agile optical system with a pointing mirror
Authors: Han Peixian , Guo Junli , Zhang Meili , Xue Rongrong , Ren Ge , Liu Yong
Published: March 2023

The space-agile optical composite detection (SOCD) system with a pointing mirror possesses flexible and fast response ability. Like other space telescopes, if the stray light is not properly eliminated, it may result in a false response or noise that floods the real light signal due to the low illuminance and large dynamic range of the target. The paper shows the optical structure layout, the decomposition of the optical processing index and roughness control index, the stray light suppression requirements, and the detailed stray light analysis process. The pointing mirror and ultra-long afocal optical path increase the difficulty of stray light suppression in the SOCD system. This paper presents the design method of a special-shaped aperture diaphragm and entrance baffle, black baffle surface testing, simulating, selection, and stray light suppression analysis process. The special-shaped entrance baffle has a significant effect on the suppression of stray light and reduced dependence on the platform posture of the SOCD system.
Observation and enhancement of stimulated Brillouin scattering in tellurite covered silicon nitride waveguides
Authors: Botter Roel , Frare Bruno Segat , Hashemi Batoul , Ye Kaixuan , Klaver Yvan , Bradley Jonathan , Marpaung David
Published: March 2023

We show, for the first time, stimulated Brillouin scattering in tellurite covered silicon nitride waveguides. In the standard geometry the measured peak gain coefficient is 4.5 m−1W−1. We further enhance the Brillouin gain by applying cladding engineering, reaching a peak gain coefficient of 8.5 m−1W−1
A socio-ecological framework examination of drivers of blood pressure control among patients with comorbidities and on treatment in two Nairobi slums; a qualitative study
Authors: Mohamed Shukri F. , Macharia Teresia , Asiki Gershim , Gill Paramjit
Published: March 2023

Despite the known and effective treatments to control blood pressure, there is limited information on why there are high uncontrolled hypertension rates in urban slum settings. The aim of this paper is to explore the views of treated people with uncontrolled hypertension and other key stakeholders on the facilitators and barriers to blood pressure control among people with comorbid conditions in two Nairobi slums. The study was conducted in two Nairobi slums namely, Korogocho and Viwandani. This study used a qualitative methodology using interviews and focus group discussions. Barriers and facilitators to blood pressure control were explored using the Social Ecological Model (SEM) framework. A total of 57 participants were interviewed for this study. There were 31 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions among participants with uncontrolled hypertension and with comorbidities. Additionally, 16 key informant interviews were conducted with healthcare providers and decision/policymakers. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. This study identified barriers and facilitators to blood pressure control among patients with uncontrolled hypertension at the patient/individual level, family and community level, health system level and at the policy level. High cost of hypertension medicines, the constant unavailability of medicines at the health facilities, unsupportive family and environment, poor medicines supply chain management, availability and use of guidelines were among the barriers reported. The results show that uncontrolled hypertension is a major public health issue in slums of Nairobi and they highlight barriers to blood pressure control at different levels of the socio-ecological model. These findings can be used to design holistic interventions to improve blood pressure control by addressing factors operating at multiple levels of the socio-ecological framework.
Differential effects of NOX2 and NOX4 inhibition after rodent spinal cord injury
Authors: Khayrullina Guzal , Bermudez Sara , Hopkins Deanna , Yauger Young , Byrnes Kimberly R.
Published: March 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a contributing factor to impaired function and pathology after spinal cord injury (SCI). The NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzyme is a key source of ROS; there are several NOX family members, including NOX2 and NOX4, that may play a role in ROS production after SCI. Previously, we showed that a temporary inhibition of NOX2 by intrathecal administration of gp91ds-tat immediately after injury improved recovery in a mouse SCI model. However, chronic inflammation was not affected by this single acute treatment, and other NOX family members were not assessed. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effect of genetic knockout (KO) of NOX2 or acute inhibition of NOX4 with GKT137831. A moderate SCI contusion injury was performed in 3 month old NOX2 KO and wild-type (WT) mice, who received no treatment or GKT137831/vehicle 30 minutes post-injury. Motor function was assessed using the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS), followed by evaluation of inflammation and oxidative stress markers. NOX2 KO mice, but not GKT137831 treated mice, demonstrated significantly improved BMS scores at 7, 14, and 28 days post injury (DPI) in comparison to WT mice. However, both NOX2 KO and GKT137831 significantly reduced ROS production and oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, a shift in microglial activation toward a more neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory state was observed in KO mice at 7 DPI and a reduction of microglial markers at 28 days. While acute alterations in inflammation were noted with GKT137831 administration, this was not sustained through 28 days. In vitro analysis also showed that while GKT137831 reduced ROS production by microglia, it did not translate to changes in pro-inflammatory marker expression within these cells. These data demonstrate that NOX2 and NOX4 play a role in post-injury ROS, but a single dose of NOX4 inhibitor fails to enhance long-term recovery.
Assessing motivators for utilizing family planning services among youth students in higher learning institutions in Dodoma, Tanzania: Protocol for analytical cross sectional study
Authors: Munuo Upendo , Moshi Fabiola Vincent
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Contraceptive services utilization is an important intervention in averting the impact of unwanted and unplanned pregnancy among youth which is an obstacle to the higher learning institutions youth students in attaining their educational goals. Therefore, the current protocol aims to assess the motivators for family planning service utilization among youth student in higher learning institutions in Dodoma Tanzania.

Methods

This study will be a cross-sectional study with quantitative approach. A multistage sampling technique will be employed in studying 421 youth students aged between 18 to 24 years using structured self-administered questionnaire adopted from the previous studies. The study outcome will be family planning service utilization and independent variables will be family planning service utilization environment, knowledge factors, and perception factors. Other factors such as socio-demographic characteristics will be assessed if they are confounding factors. A factor will be considered as a confounder if it associates with both the dependent and the independent variables. Multivariable Binary logistic regression will be employed in determining the motivators for family planning utilization. The results will be presented using percentages, frequencies, and Odds Ratios and the association will be considered statistically significant at p-value <0.05.
Advancing proficiency testing for ultra in resource-limited settings using dried tube specimen: A study by SRL-Uganda
Authors: Kabugo Joel , Namutebi Joanita , Adam Isa , Mujuni Dennis , Tugumisirize Didas , Denis Oola , Kasule George William , Ibanda Ivan , Orena Beatrice , Byabajungu Henry , Nampewo Elizabeth , Joloba Moses
Published: March 2023

Background

Proficiency testing (PT) has been hard to set up due to cost limitations and technical capacity. Conventional Xpert MTB/RIF PT programs use liquid and culture spots which require stringent storage and transportation conditions with cross-contamination chances prevalent. These setbacks prompted the use of dried tube specimens (DTS) for Ultra assay PT. For continuity of PT provision, stability of DTS and compatibility with testing protocols when kept for a long period needs to be established.

Methods

DTS were prepared from known isolates inactivated using a hot air oven at 85°C. 100μl of bacterial suspensions were aliquoted and dried inside a Biosafety cabinet. Panel validation was done to establish the baseline Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) concentration in terms of cycle threshold (Ct) value. DTS aliquots were shipped to participants to test and report within six weeks. The remaining DTS were kept at 2–8°C and room temperature for one year with testing at six months. Twenty (20) DTS samples per set remaining at one year were heated at 55°C for two weeks before testing. The means of the different samples were compared to validation data using paired t-tests. Boxplots were designed to visualize the differences in the medians of the DTS.

Results

Overall mean Ct value increased by 4.4 from the validation to testing after one year at the different storage conditions. Samples heated at 55°C showed a 6.4 Ct difference from validation data. Testing done at six months on 2–8°C stored items showed no statistical difference. At all the remaining testing times and conditions, P-values were less than 0.008 although the absolute mean Ct when compared showed slight increments and accommodated differences for the detection of MTB and rifampicin resistance. Median values for samples stored at 2–8°C were lower compared to those at room temperature.

Conclusion

DTS stored at 2–8°C remain more stable for one year compared to higher temperatures and can be consistently used as PT materials in more than one PT round for biannual PT providers.
Changes in the bacterial community colonizing extracted and non-extracted tannin-rich plants in the rumen of dromedary camels
Authors: Rabee Alaa Emara , Abd El Rahman Taha , Lamara Mebarek
Published: March 2023

Leguminous trees and saltbushes provide potential alternatives to conventional feeds to overcome feed deficiency in arid and semi-arid countries. However, these plants are rich in antinutritional factors that have adverse effects on rumen microbiota and the host- animal. Some rumen microbiota detoxifies plants’ secondary metabolites; thus, understanding plant-microbe interaction in the rumen could improve the plants’ utilization. This study investigated the bacterial colonization and degradation of non-extracted and extracted tanniniferous plants: Atriplex halimus, Acacia saligna, and Leucaena leucocephala, in the rumen of three fistulated camels at 6 and 12 hours. The results showed that these plants have high nutritional value and tannins contents. The rumen degradation and microbial diversity of plant-attached bacteria varied according to plant type and phenols’ extraction. Atriplex and leucaena showed higher microbial diversity at 6 and 12h, respectively. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the main bacterial phyla, and the main genera were Prevotella, RC9_gut_group, Butyrivibrio that overrepresented in non-extracted plants (P<0.05). Fibrobacteres and Anaerovibrio showed sensitivity to plant toxins and Ruminococcus attached to plants with lower tannins. Several bacterial genera in the camel rumen have the potential to resist antinutritional factors in fodder plants, which could be used to improve the performance of grazing animals.
Ten news value criteria for sustainable journalism
Authors: Berglez Peter
Published: March 2023

This article argues that journalism scholars and practitioners worldwide should not view 2030, i.e. the year in which the UN Agenda sustainable development goals are to be fulfilled, as a symbolic date, but instead as a real deadline. Such a posture could spur discussion about what more the media could do in these remaining years to promote sustainable development, as well as concrete action. To normatively support such a process in this context, the purpose of this contribution is to suggest news value criteria tailored to manage the challenges of sustainable development. They presuppose a well-functioning relationship between the media’s business and planetary needs. The former concern how to finance journalism and attract audiences/users, while the latter concern what kind of journalism a sustainable world de facto requires. The proposed news value criteria could serve as a point of departure for the development of sustainability-oriented news, which could be jointly tested and configurated by scholars and practitioners.
Posting nature: A critical perspective on analysing cultural ecosystem services on Instagram
Authors: Tscholl Martin , Sturm Ulrike
Published: March 2023

In recent years, social media data have been used in the analysis of nature within the concept of cultural ecosystem services (CES). From the viewpoint of CES, social media posts that contain content about nature are read as virtual human–environment interactions and conclusions are drawn on how humans perceive, interact with and value the natural environment. We argue that these analyses often lack a deeper understanding of the inherent mechanisms of social media and the sociocultural dimension of the users who produce this data. In this light, we evaluated social media posts that show images of species and landscapes in the bid to gain an understanding of the cultural processing of nature-based posts in digital social networks. We conducted the study using the popular social media platform Instagram. By analysing 124 profiles and conducting five semi-structured interviews, we examined how Instagram posts that focus on nature (in terms of species and natural landscapes) are portrayed online and how these posts are utilized as a cultural entity for self-presentation purposes. Based on this empirical data, we provide a critical perspective on the use of ‘nature posts’ on Instagram for analysing CES. Our results show that nature-focused Instagram posts are a cultural media performance forming contexts of meaning with which human subjects interact. Furthermore, these posts underlie a perceived affordance where the user’s social media practices are essentially tied back to mechanisms of recognition and have to be understood as self-promotions. Images on Instagram that show species and natural landscapes are being used here as an image resource for the purpose of expressing social distinction. Therefore, we particularly argue for a stronger collaboration between the natural, social and cultural sciences to overcome the difference in terms of understanding, analysing and promoting values of nature and CES.
En torno a la traducción al español de las variedades lingüísticas del japonés: tres casos de la novela Kisetsu no nai machi de Yamamoto Shūgorō
Authors: Añorbe Mateos Marta
Published: March 2023

En medio de una creciente demanda de obras japonesas traducidas al español y de la ausencia de una teoría integral de la traducción del japonés al español, este artículo pretende abordar la cuestión del constante reto que supone la traducción de las diferentes variedades lingüísticas del japonés. La novela que servirá de ejemplo para ello será Kisetsu no nai machi, publicada en 1964 por el conocido escritor de ficción histórica Yamamoto Sh ū gor ō . A partir de la traducción de tres casos de variedades diafásicas (el habla del borracho), diastráticas (el yamanotekotoba) y diatópicas (un fingido dialecto de Miyagi) presentes en esta obra, se realizará un análisis interlingüístico que permitirá establecer una base teórico-práctica centrada en las interacciones entre el texto y el contexto para lograr mediante distintas estrategias dinámicas una equivalencia de sentido conforme a la intención del autor de la obra literaria.
The association between maternal malaria infection and poor birth outcomes in a remote community in Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Dantara Tri Wahyudi Iman , Aritonang Deddy Christian
Published: March 2023

Background Sikari is a remote district in Papua, Indonesia, which is malaria-endemic. Malaria infection during pregnancy has been linked to poor birth outcomes.

Objective To evaluate for an association between malaria infection in pregnancy and birth outcome.

Methods This cohort study compared the outcomes of newborns from mothers infected with malaria during pregnancy vs. uninfected controls. We included clinical data of 82 pregnant women from January to December 2020 at the Batavia Public Health Center, Sikari District, Mamberamo Raya, Papua. Malaria diagnosis was established based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and positive rapid diagnostic tests. The maternal and infant characteristics analyzed were years of formal education, antenatal care (ANC) visits, gestational age, obstetric history, diagnosis of malaria, birth weight, APGAR score, and newborn mortality.

Results Forty-six mothers (56.1%) were diagnosed with malaria during pregnancy, of whom 33 (71.7%) had tropical malaria, 7 (15.2%) had tertian malaria, and 6 (13.0%) had mixed malaria. Malaria infections of any type were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (OR 5.34; 95%CI 1.10 to 25.91; P=0.04), low birth weight (LBW) (OR 49.00; 95%CI 28.62 to 838.89; P=0.00), newborn mortality (OR 13.86; 95%CI 0.76 to 251.37; P=0.04), and low 5-minute APGAR score (OR 23.65; 95%CI 1.34 to 416.61; P=0.03). Tropical malaria was associated with a higher risk of preterm birth (OR 5.44; 95%CI 1.06 to 27.86; P=0.04), LBW (OR 15.22; 95%CI 1.82 to 127.02; P=0.01), newborn mortality (OR 14.09; 95%CI 0.75 to 265.48; P=0.04), and low APGAR (OR 24.33; 95%CI 1.34 to 440.77; P=0.03). Mixed malaria was associated with a higher risk of LBW (OR 35.00; 95%CI 2.73 to 449.10; P=0.01) and low APGAR score (OR 40.56; 95%CI 1.67 to 985.39; P=0.02).

Conclusion Malaria infections are associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, newborn mortality, and low 5-minute APGAR scores.
Stakeholder Perceptions of Socio-Ecological System Improvements: A Place-Based Study of Stream Habitat Enhancements
Authors: SMITH Josh , KINDER Jr. Paul J , SELIN Steven , HOFFMANN Jamie
Published: March 2023

Aquatic habitat enhancement projects typically occur in degraded socio-ecological systems. A major goal of these projects is to improve the ecosystem services that the streams provide to humans. In this work, we investigated how visitors at West Virginia’s Holly River State Park perceived the impact of an aquatic habitat enhancement project on ecosystem services provided by the Laurel Fork. The 172 surveyed visitors gave their current perceptions of the ecosystem services provided by the stream, as well as how they believed the ecosystem services would change upon completion of the aquatic habitat enhancement project. Results indicate that both anglers and non-anglers thought that the enhancement project would negatively impact the aesthetics and cultural ecosystem services provided by the stream. However, they felt that the provisioning ecosystem services, and recreation opportunities provided by the stream would improve. Our study highlights how important stakeholders’ perceptions are to habitat enhancement success.
Innovations – the Basis Tools of Development of Agricultural and Ecological Management
Authors: MORAVSKA Olena V. , LEVYTSKYY Taras R. , VELYCHKO Volodymyr O. , ORLOVA Olena M. , SHULZHYK Yuriі A. , SENYSHYN Svitlana
Published: March 2023

The article considers the specifics and classification of innovations in the system of agro-ecological management of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. Priority directions of development of ecologically oriented innovation projects based on development and improvement of management system and production and technological processes are offered. Methodical developments of introduction of innovation-investment projects of research institutes and recommendations of educational institutions are presented. It is substantiated that the mechanism of intensification of innovations in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is a complex process - from research and development, experimental verification of scientific results to introduction into production and evaluation of innovation efficiency taking into account financial, economic, ecological and social spheres. Based on the conducted scientific and methodological work, it was concluded that the growth of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine can be achieved through the production of competitive products with high added value in compliance with environmental standards in the implementation of innovation - investment projects taking into account the experience of economically developed countries.
Water Resources as the Material Basis for Further Strategic Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: KUSMAMBETOV Kuanysh Daniyarovich , SULEIMENOVA Saule Zhussupbekovna
Published: March 2023

Of all various kinds of natural resources that provide vital activity of all kinds of living organisms, people, society and state, the most important are water resources without the presence of which it is impossible not only for human life itself but also for the whole environment.

Waters are the most important components of the environment, renewable, limited and vulnerable natural resources. They are used and protected as the basis of life and activities of the peoples living on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, provide economic, social, environmental well-being of the population, the existence of fauna and flora (Fedtsov, V.G., Fedtsova, A.V. and Ezhov, Y.A. 2005).

Occupying the 9th place in the world in terms of the size of its territory, the Republic of Kazakhstan due to its geographical location, local climate, dependence on transboundary water resources and other reasons, belongs to the category of one of the poorly water-secured regions of the globe. This fact entails the need to organize the processes of the most careful attitude to water resources, the legal provision of its rational use and all-round protection from pollution, littering and depletion, in order to ensure water security not only for the citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan, but also for all mankind.
Do Fishers Need Enough Insurance to Guarantee Their Business Continuity? Evidence from Vulnerable Small-Scale Fishers
Authors: SUHARNO Suharno , ARIFIN Agus , YUNANTO Ary
Published: March 2023

Small-scale fisheries have a profound effect on providing food and employment for millions of the world's population. Small-scale fisheries contribute more than 90 percent of the global catch. Unfortunately, small-scale fishers still live in poverty, and small-scale fisheries more than 95 percent were found in low-income countries. Average productivity that is inefficient, low levels of education, lack of opportunities to access capital, and lack of guarantees and limitations in obtaining social, economic, and political rights result in fishers' vulnerability in all aspects. Efforts to guarantee social, economic rights and subsidies for fishers are critical. This study examines the factors that influence the decision to participate in fisher's insurance, such as income as collateral for fishers during fishing activities, some trips, catch skill, and fishing gear coefficient. Participating in insurance is one form of business-facing uncertainty (season, fish stocks) while hoping for an increase in the sense of security for fishers compared to those who do not participate in insurance. Data processing results using logistic regression analysis showed that the variable income, some trips, catches, and skills had a positive and significant effect, while the fishing gear coefficient variable had no significant effect. This study recommends that local governments pay more/ attention and supervise small fishers' skills in using fishing gear, the number of trips made, and the number of catches that were focusing on adding their income because these four factors determine fishers' insurance continuity.
Management of Unemployment and Employment of Youth in the Labor Market as a Factor of the Key Direction of Sustainable Development of Kazakhstan
Authors: KORGAN Bibinur , SABIROVA Rysty , KUNYAZOVA Saule , ADIYETOVA Elmira , TURDIYEVA Zukhra , BISSEMBIYEVA Zhanargul
Published: March 2023

The scale of youth employment and unemployment in Kazakhstan attracts the active attention of both public authorities, business and the population as a whole. Young people today find themselves in the risk group, as they have considerable difficulties in finding a job. State policy to support youth has proposed a large number of programs, however, able-bodied, highly qualified young people are leaving their home country in search of a better life and the remaining young people are desperate to get a job in their field, they take any job, moreover, as a result of the crisis due to the pandemic, there is a lack of jobs and they are forced to be food delivery, goods, courier mail, handing out flyers on the streets, etc. The authors conducted a study to find out the main reasons for the pessimistic attitude and the desire of the main mass of young people to leave Kazakhstan. By means of trend forecasting we revealed the dynamics of migrant youth who are easily employed abroad as good product is in high demand. This phenomenon will inevitably lead our society to degradation and inability to form a knowledge-based economy. In connection with this the authors were proposed solutions to all of the identified problems for the prospective employment of young people in the labor market in the formation of knowledge-based economy of Kazakhstan.
Achievement of Value Markers of the Harmonious Development of Agrarian Territories in the Volga Federal District in the Context of Russia’s National Security
Authors: YASHKIN Alexey Vladimirovich , ZINCHUK Galina Mikhailovna , ILYINA Alena Igorevna , BALANDINA Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: March 2023

The article presents the results of a sociological survey, which investigated the level of achievement of the harmonious development of agrarian territories of the Volga Federal District of Russia. The survey of representatives of agricultural territories (farmers, rural residents engaged in wage labor, representatives of the scientific community, and municipal authorities) was conducted based on 15 indicators, which included social, economic, and environmental factors affecting the satisfaction of the population with the activities of state and municipal authorities. The choice of factors was based on the value orientations and attitudes enshrined in the current strategy, as well as the state strategies for ensuring the national security of Russia that have lost their legal significance, but not relevance. To determine the level of achievement of value markers, 110 respondents were asked questions assessing the importance of a particular indicator and the respondent's satisfaction with the undertaken actions of state and municipal authorities corresponding to this indicator. For objectivity, in particular cases, groups of respondents were assigned weighting coefficients, whose purpose was smoothing the biased attitude. As a result of the study, eight value markers were identified in which the gap between the importance and satisfaction of respondents was the largest, i.e. problem areas were identified. Comparison of the identified problem areas with the current regulatory legal acts allowed formulating proposals to improve the quality of management of agrarian territories of the Volga Federal District.
Human Talent and Its Impact on the Quality of Service in the Rural Community-Based Tourism Sector. Analysis and Theoretical Perspectives
Authors: CEJAS MARTÍNEZ Magda Francisca , NAVARRO CEJAS Mercedes Carolina , ALDAZ HERNÁNDEZ Silvia Marieta , YÁNEZ Carlos Alban , MENDOZA VELAZCO Derling José
Published: March 2023

Human talent in the tourism sector necessarily incorporates a global vision for quality improvement and sustainable development. Increased competition and the need to improve quality in tourism are closely linked. The objective of this work was to analyse the role of human talent. To analyse its impact on customer care and service quality in the tourism sector. An analysis and theoretical perspectives on the subject were established. Quality management was analysed as a key axis in the development of the tourism sector. Adequate management and the process that identifies the importance of the professional in the area were determined. A qualitative approach methodology was developed. The design was documentary interpretative. Bibliographic information was collected with theoretical and scientific positions. The material and content approached was based on the theories of tourism service quality. The information collected was collected globally on the web. The information was analysed using the triangulation technique. It is concluded that it is necessary to generate suitable mechanisms for tourism service quality. In addition, the work of the professional in the area must be highlighted to obtain significant achievements. These achievements are the satisfaction of the client who demands a tourist service.
Funding Research Certification Programs in the Sphere of Tourism on the Example of Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: AKBULAEV Nurkhodzha
Published: March 2023

Tourism is a dynamically developing branch of the national economy of both developed and developing countries, which, accordingly, have the necessary potential of recreational resources. The purpose of standardization in the field of tourist services is to increase the level of safety of a tourist product or a separate tourist service, to ensure the declared level of quality, as well as to protect the interests of consumers of tourist services from unfair competition in the market. Compliance of tourist services sold to the consumer with the requirements of legislative and regulatory documents, established standards is confirmed by a certificate issued by an authorized certification body. One of the effective methods of branding of the territory (region) is outsourcing of foreign services of certification, standardization and Metrology, including in the field of tourism. In this regard, the issues of financing of certification, standardization and Metrology processes in the field of tourism are particularly relevant. It is worth noting that in the situation of developing countries, where the national system of voluntary certification is not always trusted by foreign investors, the most relevant analysis of the best practices of developed countries and the outsourcing of relevant services from specialized transnational corporations. In this study, we analyzed the certification programs in the field of tourism and their financing models, as well as clarified the role of outsourcing of foreign certification services, standardization and Metrology in the field of branding of the territory and developed recommendations for optimizing financial flows. The results of the study will be useful to the General scientific community around the world.
Tourist Satisfaction in Lombok Island as the World's Best Halal Tourism Destination
Authors: MAS’UD Riduan , AMINY Muhammad Muhajir , RAMADANI Lalu Ahmad , ELBADRIATI Baiq , YUSUP Muhamad
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the connection between destination brand awareness, brand image, brand quality, and brand value in terms of improving visitor satisfaction in Lombok Island as the world’s best halal tourism destination. The researcher presents a new model and discusses the idea of a new brand value destination indicator. From the results of model testing, 250 respondents were selected using the convenience sampling technique and the WarpPLS program. The findings indicated that the study model was accepted, with an R2 of 86.6 percent. The presented model demonstrates that the value of a destination's brand is a predictor of visitor satisfaction. The model also demonstrates that characteristics such as convenience, pricing fairness, enjoyment, and receiving advantages all contribute positively to the brand value of locations. The research's practical implications are that tourism managers should focus on and improve brand image, which currently has little impact on destination brand value, by increasing brand popularity and developing competitive advantages that can be used to convince tourists to visit tourist attractions on Lombok Island.
The Impact of Growth in Tourism on Economic and Human Development – Incorporating a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: THAO Hoang Thi Phuong , BAKUCZ Márta
Published: March 2023

This article is purposed to address the vital research aims: (1) to examine the impact of the growth in tourism on economic and human development; (2) to understand the current state of research between three observed variables in the development process; (3) to find out the research gap in population, that is the bulk of research concentrate to “tourism led growth hypothesis” but less of “relationship between tourism, economic and human development” in the same study. This research is a systematic literature review using a search-strategy-developing that is based on the PICOC concept. The data collection follows the Prisma diagram sequence. The main keywords are “economic growth”, “tourism development”, “human development” in the 1975 - 2021 period, the 90 articles with at least one citation for the review are collected to clarify the research aims. Some main results are highlighted: (1) A short-term, long-term, and causal relationship between observed variables of tourism in developing countries, developed countries, and emerging countries. (2) A set of quantitative research methods in time series was used for analysis. (3) propose some future research directions. The former results contributed to the identification of the role of tourism in economic development, thereby building a strategy for exploiting and developing sustainable tourism. The latter is to measure the level of human development (in a positive view) through economic development and tourism. Furthermore, it is also to complete a comprehensive economic development strategy on human welfare, quality of life, and sustainability.
On the Competence Conflicts between the Constitutional Courts of the EU Member States and the Court of Justice of the EU
Authors: Král Richard
Published: March 2023

The article is aimed as a contribution to academic discourse on how to solve possible competence conflicts between constitutional or other highest courts of the EU Member States and the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU). This discourse has rather recently received an extraordinary impetus when Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (FCC) handed down its judgment in Weiss. For the first time in its history, the FCC invoked the ultra vires doctrine against an EU act and a CJEU judgment. It is argued in the article that the final say in dealing with such competence conflicts should not and cannot rest with either the CJEU or individual national apex courts. The article supports the idea of establishing an EU-competence super-arbiter. However, it is stressed in this respect that the component members of whatever EU-competence super-arbiter to be established should always include the representatives of all EU Member States (although not necessarily only them) and the voting of such EU-competence super-arbiter should be based on the (absolute) majority of those of its component members that are the representatives of Member States. Otherwise, the collective competence-competence monopoly of the EU Member States in the EU would be breached too strongly.
Selected numerical methods to model the fractional-order system behavior of nonlaminated magnetic actuators
Authors: Seifert Robert , Hecht Martin , Hofmann Wilfried
Published: March 2023

Nonlaminated magnetic actuators are highly influenced by eddy currents and minor perturbations like e. g. hysteresis. Known analytical models lead to trans-cendental system descriptions with fractional-order characteristics, not suited for the actuator control. Although analytical approximations resolve the issue, the inclusion of minor perturbations leads to impractical model orders, which require simplifications and compromise the model accuracy. This article studies numerical methods to directly approximate the transcendental systems or measurement data, allowing for a high accuracy with sufficiently low orders. We improve existing approaches like Levy’s method and vector fitting and apply them to a fractional-order system. Using measurement data, a comparison shows that the numerical approaches match or excel our previously studied analytical approximations.
Machine learning for the perception of autonomous construction machinery
Authors: Heide Nina Felicitas , Petereit Janko
Published: March 2023

Robotic systems require holistic capabilities to sense, perceive, and act autonomously within their application environment. A safe and trustworthy autonomous operation is essential, especially in hazardous environments and critical applications like autonomous construction machinery for the decontamination of landfill sites. This article presents an enhanced combination of machine learning (ML) methods with classic artificial intelligence (AI) methods and customized validation methods to ensure highly reliable and accurate sensing and perception of the environment for autonomous construction machinery. The presented methods have been developed, evaluated, and applied within the Competence Center »Robot Systems for Decontamination in Hazardous Environments« (ROBDEKON) for investigating and developing robotic systems for autonomous decontamination tasks. The objective of this article is to give a holistic, in-depth overview for the ML-based part of the perception pipeline for an autonomous construction machine working in unstructured environments.
Beiträge zur Regelung des VGF-Kristallzüchtungsprozesses
Authors: Ecklebe Stefan , Gehring Nicole , Woittennek Frank , Winkler Jan
Published: March 2023

Das VGF-Verfahren ist ein moderner Prozess zur Züchtung von Einkristallen, der Grundlage für nahezu alle elektronischen Anwendungen. Die sukzessive Erstarrung der Schmelze zum Einkristall wird dabei durch geeignete Ansteuerung der als Aktoren in der Anlage zur Verfügung stehenden Heizer realisiert. Dieses Regelungsproblem ist Gegenstand des Beitrags, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf einer anschaulichen und einführenden Darstellung der Thematik und weniger den mathematischen Details liegt. Basierend auf einem Modell des Kristallzüchtungsprozesses, das partielle Differentialgleichungen für die Wärmediffusion in Schmelze und Kristall beinhaltet und aufgrund der Übergangsbedingung an der Phasengrenze als zweiphasiges Stefan-Problem bezeichnet wird, werden zwei Entwürfe von Folgereglern vorgestellt. Ein flachheitsbasierter Ansatz nutzt eine endlichdimensionale Approximation des Modells, während eine mittels Backstepping entworfene Zustandsrückführung unendlichdimensional ist. Beide Regler werden in umfangreichen Simulationsstudien validiert und miteinander verglichen.
Crisis alert: (Dis)information selection and sharing in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Klebba Lea-Johanna , Winter Stephan
Published: March 2023

High levels of threat and uncertainty characterize the onset of societal crises. Here, people are exposed to conflicting information in the media, including disinformation. Because individuals often base their news selection on pre-existing attitudes, the present study aims to examine selective exposure effects in the face of a crisis, and identify right-wing ideological, trust-, and science-related beliefs that might influence the selection and sharing of disinformation. A representative survey of German internet users (N = 1101) at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak showed a confirmation bias in crisis-related news selection and sharing. It revealed right-wing authoritarianism and political mistrust as significant predictors of disinformation selection. The influence of social dominance orientation, mistrust in politics, and perceived certainty of knowledge were significant for sharing disinformation. The present results extend previous knowledge about people’s (dis)information behavior in times of crisis, and shed light on groups particularly vulnerable to disinformation.
Say what you want, I’m not listening!
Authors: González Adriana Lorena , Geiskkovitch Denise Y. , Young James E.
Published: March 2023

We present a conversational social robot behaviour design that draws from psychotherapy research to support individual self-reflection and wellbeing, without requiring the robot to parse or otherwise understand what the user is saying. This simplicity focused approached enabled us to intersect the well-being aims with privacy and simplicity, while achieving high robustness. We implemented a fully autonomous and standalone (not network enabled) prototype and conducted a proof-of-concept study as an initial step to test the feasibility of our behaviour design: whether people would successfully engage with our simple behaviour and could interact meaningfully with it. We deployed our robot unsupervised for 48 h into the homes of 14 participants. All participants engaged with self-reflection with the robot without reporting any interaction challenges or technical issues. This supports the feasibility of our specific behaviour design, as well as the general viability of our non-parsing simplicity approach to conversation, which we believe to be an exciting avenue for further exploration. Our results thus pave the way for further exploring how conversational behaviour designs like ours may support people living with loneliness.
GRS contributions to flow-induced vibrations related activities in Europe
Authors: Papukchiev Angel
Published: March 2023

Flow-induced vibrations in nuclear power plants may lead to material fatigue, fretting wear, and eventually to loss of component integrity. The consequences might be substantial costs due to long unplanned outages or a fault that requires safety provisions to perform as intended. To avoid these, Fluid-Structure Interaction analyses are performed to understand and predict the complex thermal-hydraulic and structural mechanics phenomena. To further advance the knowledge of solving FSI problems with the help of numerical tools, in the beginning of 2020, the joint industry VIKING project was established in Europe. Further, OECD/NEA initiated in 2021 an FSI Benchmark on FIV that should be finished by the end of 2022 and the final synthesis report should be published in 2023. This paper provides a short overview of the GRS contributions within these two international activities on the prediction of FIV in nuclear power reactors.

The content of this article was initially presented at the 33rd German CFD Network of Competence Meeting, held on March 22–23 at GRS in Garching, Germany.
Das sich wandelnde Selbstverständnis des Vereins für Socialpolitik im Spiegel seiner Jahrestagungen 1950 bis 2000
Authors: Schefold Bertram
Published: March 2023

Nach seiner Wiedergründung war man im Vorstand des Vereins für Socialpolitik bis in die sechziger Jahre bestrebt, es dem alten Verein gleichzutun, wie er bis zur Selbstauflösung unter dem Nationalsozialismus bestanden hatte. Der Verein sollte nicht nur eine Berufsvereinigung von Ökonomen sein, sondern durch seine Tagungen und Publikationen auf die Öffentlichkeit im Sinne einer aufklärenden und wachstumsfördernden, an aktuelle Fragestellungen anknüpfenden Wirtschaftspolitik wirken. Tagungen wurden durch Materialsammlungen vorbereitet, Vorträge und Diskussionen publiziert. Die liberale Presse pflegte darüber ausführlich und mit engagierter Kritik zu berichten. Mit der Zunahme der Zahl der Universitäten und Hochschullehrer wurde es notwendig, die Tagungen für eine breitere Teilnahme zu öffnen, es wurden neue Ausschüsse gegründet, und die Teilnehmer veröffentlichten ihre Ergebnisse zunehmend selbstständig in internationalen Zeitschriften.
The Social Media Sexist Content (SMSC) Database: A Database of Content and Comments for Research Use
Authors: Buie Hannah , Croft Alyssa
Published: March 2023

We introduce the Social Media Sexist Content (SMSC) database, an open-access online stimulus set consisting of 382 social media content items and 221 comments related to the content. The content items include 90 sexist posts and 292 neutral posts. The comment items include 75 sexist comments along with 238 neutral comments. The database consists of a broad range of topics including lifestyle, memes, and school posts. All posts were anonymized after being retrieved from publicly available sources. All content and comments were rated across two domains: degree of sexism and emotional reaction to the post. In terms of sexism, the posts were rated along three dimensions of gender bias: Hostile Sexism, Benevolent Sexism, and Objectification. Participants also provided their emotional reactions to the posts in terms of feeling Ashamed, Insecure, and/or Angry. Data were collected online in two separate studies: one rating the content and the other rating the comments. The sexism and emotion ratings were highly reliable and showed the posts displayed either sexism or neutral content. The SMSC database is beneficial to researchers because it offers updated social media content for research use online and in the lab. The database affords researchers the ability to explore stimuli either by content or by ratings, and the database is free to use for research purposes. The SMSC is available for download from hannahbuie.com.
A mitochondrial SCF‐FBXL4 ubiquitin E3 ligase complex degrades BNIP3 and NIX to restrain mitophagy and prevent mitochondrial disease
Authors: Cao Yu , Zheng Jing , Wan Huayun , Sun Yuqiu , Fu Song , Liu Shanshan , He Baiyu , Cai Gaihong , Cao Yang , Huang Huanwei , Li Qi , Ma Yan , Chen She , Wang Fengchao , Jiang Hui
Published: March 2023

Mitophagy is a fundamental quality control mechanism of mitochondria. Its regulatory mechanisms and pathological implications remain poorly understood. Here, via a mitochondria‐targeted genetic screen, we found that knockout (KO) of FBXL4, a mitochondrial disease gene, hyperactivates mitophagy at basal conditions. Subsequent counter screen revealed that FBXL4‐KO hyperactivates mitophagy via two mitophagy receptors BNIP3 and NIX. We determined that FBXL4 functions as an integral outer‐membrane protein that forms an SCF‐FBXL4 ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. SCF‐FBXL4 ubiquitinates BNIP3 and NIX to target them for degradation. Pathogenic FBXL4 mutations disrupt SCF‐FBXL4 assembly and impair substrate degradation. Fbxl4−/− mice exhibit elevated BNIP3 and NIX proteins, hyperactive mitophagy, and perinatal lethality. Importantly, knockout of either Bnip3 or Nix rescues metabolic derangements and viability of the Fbxl4−/− mice. Together, beyond identifying SCF‐FBXL4 as a novel mitochondrial ubiquitin E3 ligase restraining basal mitophagy, our results reveal hyperactivated mitophagy as a cause of mitochondrial disease and suggest therapeutic strategies.
Characterization of cellulose nanofiber from steam-exploded Japanese cedar
Authors: Suzuki Akihiro , Sasaki Chizuru , Asada Chikako , Nakamura Yoshitoshi
Published: March 2023

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was produced from Japanese cedar using a new environmentally friendly pulping process, i.e. a steam explosion treatment followed by water and acetone extractions. The effect of the steam explosion treatment on the morphological, chemical, and mechanical properties of steam-exploded CNF were clarified. The increase of steam explosion severity markedly decreased the molecular weight of α-cellulose in the steam-exploded cedar pulp. The maximum tensile strength value of 88.9 MPa and Young’s modulus value of 12.9 GPa were obtained for the films made from steam-exploded CNF at a steam pressure of 35 atm for a steaming time of 5 min. The results obtained in this work were useful for developing a new production method of CNF from various steam-exploded woody biomass.