bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The complete reaction mechanism of H2S desulfurization on an anatase TiO2 (001) surface: a density functional theory investigation
Authors: Junkaew Anchalee , Maitarad Phornphimon , Arróyave Raymundo , Kungwan Nawee , Zhang Dengsong , Shi Liyi , Namuangruk Supawadee
Published: November 2016

An anatase TiO2 (001) surface is active and selective toward water production and results in the modification of the surface by forming S-doped TiO2, which enhances its photocatalytic activity.
Synthesis of α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and Fe2N magnetic hollow nanofibers as anode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Guo Jiangdong , Yang Ying , Yu Wensheng , Dong Xiangting , Wang Jinxian , Liu Guixia , Wang Tingting
Published: November 2016

As-prepared α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and Fe2N hollow nanofibers are used as anode materials for Li-ion batteries and exhibit excellent electrochemical performances.
Enhancement of formic acid production from CO2 in formate dehydrogenase reaction using nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Young-Kee , Lee Sung-Yeob , Oh Byung-Keun
Published: November 2016

In an enzyme process using a gas substrate, the enhanced gas liquid mass transfer rate of the gas substrate by methyl-functionalized mesoporous nanoparticles could improve the productivity.
Deciphering the evolution of the functional genes and microbial community of the combined partial nitritation-anammox process with nitrate build-up and its in situ restoration
Authors: Wang Yuanyue , Wang Hongyan , Zhang Junya , Yao Li , Wei Yuansong
Published: November 2016

The operation of a combined partial nitritation-anammox (CPNA) process was hampered by the overgrowth of NOB, which was then successfullyin siturestored by the combination of hydroxylamine (NH2OH) dosing and sludge retention time (SRT) control.
Construction of a carbon fiber based layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly – a smart approach towards effective EMI shielding
Authors: Bhattacharjee Yudhajit , Bhingardive Viraj , Biswas Sourav , Bose Suryasarathi
Published: November 2016

Construction of ultrathin multilayer polymer nanocomposite films with tailor-made properties have been achieved to suppress incoming EM radiation with 52 dB shielding effectiveness at 18 GHz.
Facile synthesis of TiO2/Mn3O4hierarchical structures for fiber-shaped flexible asymmetric supercapacitors with ultrahigh stability and tailorable performance
Authors: Lin Rui , Zhu Zihan , Yu Xiang , Zhong Ying , Wang Zilong , Tan Shaozao , Zhao Chuanxi , Mai Wenjie
Published: November 2016

A flexible fiber-shaped electrode based on a hierarchical TiO2/Mn3O4structure was successfully fabricatedviaa facile synthesis method.
Sternal Resection for Breast Cancer Metastases
Authors: Baldes Natalie , Schirren Moritz , Oguzhan Selma , Menke Henrik , Schirren Joachim , Sponholz Stefan
Published: November 2016

Background Sternal infiltration of breast cancer (BC) is a rare but known phenomenon. Sternal resection for this cancer is not completely investigated. For this reason, the aim of this study was to examine long-term survival and prognosticators for prolonged survival of our patients after sternal resection. Also, morbidity and mortality were investigated.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed our prospective database of 20 patients who underwent a sternum resection (partial/complete) for BC in our institution between 2003 and 2014. Furthermore, patients with additional lung metastases were included. All patients received a mesh-methyl methacrylate technique (“sandwich technique”) and soft tissue coverage with myocutaneous muscle flap. Long-term outcomes and survival curves were performed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Survival differences and prognosticators were investigated using the log-rank test.

Results Median survival was 32 months (95% confidence interval, 8–56 months). One-, 3-, and 5-year overall survivals were 79, 39, and 39%. There was a low morbidity and mortality with 35% (minor complications 30% and major complications 5%) and 0%. As prognosticators for longer survival, a positive hormone status (estrogen or progesterone) (p = 0.070) showed a trend. Neither age, primary mastectomy, disease-free interval < 24 months, primary N-status, nor preoperative chemotherapy showed a significant influence on survival. Furthermore, additional lung metastases did not influence survival significantly (p = 0.826).

Conclusion Sternal resections for BC patients can be associated with promising long-term survival. R0 resection, good functional and cosmetic results are achievable with low morbidity and mortality. Patients with additional lung metastases should not be routinely excluded from resection and should be discussed in interdisciplinary tumor boards.
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization of deuterated molecules enhanced by cross-polarization
Authors: Kurzbach Dennis , Weber Emmanuelle M. M. , Jhajharia Aditya , Cousin Samuel F. , Sadet Aude , Marhabaie Sina , Canet Estel , Birlirakis Nicolas , Milani Jonas , Jannin Sami , Eshchenko Dmitry , Hassan Alia , Melzi Roberto , Luetolf Stephan , Sacher Marco , Rossire Marc , Kempf James , Lohman Joost A. B. , Weller Matthias , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Abergel Daniel
Published: November 2016

We present novel means to hyperpolarize deuterium nuclei in 13CD2 groups at cryogenic temperatures. The method is based on cross-polarization from 1H to 13C and does not require any radio-frequency fields applied to the deuterium nuclei. After rapid dissolution, a new class of long-lived spin states can be detected indirectly by 13C NMR in solution. These long-lived states result from a sextet-triplet imbalance (STI) that involves the two equivalent deuterons with spin I = 1. An STI has similar properties as a triplet-singlet imbalance that can occur in systems with two equivalent I = 12 spins. Although the lifetimes TSTI are shorter than T1(Cz), they can exceed the life-time T1(Dz) of deuterium Zeeman magnetization by a factor of more than 20.
On the accuracy of the MB-pol many-body potential for water: Interaction energies, vibrational frequencies, and classical thermodynamic and dynamical properties from clusters to liquid water and ice
Authors: Reddy Sandeep K. , Straight Shelby C. , Bajaj Pushp , Huy Pham C. , Riera Marc , Moberg Daniel R. , Morales Miguel A. , Knight Chris , Götz Andreas W. , Paesani Francesco
Published: November 2016

The MB-pol many-body potential has recently emerged as an accurate molecular model for water simulations from the gas to the condensed phase. In this study, the accuracy of MB-pol is systematically assessed across the three phases of water through extensive comparisons with experimental data and high-level ab initio calculations. Individual many-body contributions to the interaction energies as well as vibrational spectra of water clusters calculated with MB-pol are in excellent agreement with reference data obtained at the coupled cluster level. Several structural, thermodynamic, and dynamical properties of the liquid phase at atmospheric pressure are investigated through classical molecular dynamics simulations as a function of temperature. The structural properties of the liquid phase are in nearly quantitative agreement with X-ray diffraction data available over the temperature range from 268 to 368 K. The analysis of other thermodynamic and dynamical quantities emphasizes the importance of explicitly including nuclear quantum effects in the simulations, especially at low temperature, for a physically correct description of the properties of liquid water. Furthermore, both densities and lattice energies of several ice phases are also correctly reproduced by MB-pol. Following a recent study of DFT models for water, a score is assigned to each computed property, which demonstrates the high and, in many respects, unprecedented accuracy of MB-pol in representing all three phases of water.
Band structure of the growth rate of the two-stream instability of an electron beam propagating in a bounded plasma
Authors: Kaganovich I. D. , Sydorenko D.
Published: November 2016

This paper presents a study of the two-stream instability of an electron beam propagating in a finite-size plasma placed between two electrodes. It is shown that the growth rate in such a system is much smaller than that of an infinite plasma or a finite size plasma with periodic boundary conditions. Even if the width of the plasma matches the resonance condition for a standing wave, a spatially growing wave is excited instead with the growth rate small compared to that of the standing wave in a periodic system. The approximate expression for this growth rate is γ≈(1/13)ωpe(nb/np)(Lωpe/vb)ln(Lωpe/vb)[1−0.18 cos (Lωpe/vb+π/2)], where ωpe is the electron plasma frequency, nb and np are the beam and the plasma densities, respectively, vb is the beam velocity, and L is the plasma width. The frequency, wave number, and the spatial and temporal growth rates, as functions of the plasma size, exhibit band structure. The amplitude of saturation of the instability depends on the system length, not on the beam current. For short systems, the amplitude may exceed values predicted for infinite plasmas by more than an order of magnitude.
Secondary instabilities in the collisionless Rayleigh-Taylor instability: Full kinetic simulation
Authors: Umeda Takayuki , Wada Yasutaka
Published: November 2016

The nonlinear evolution of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) at a density shear layer transverse to magnetic field in collisionless plasma is investigated by means of a fully kinetic Vlasov simulation with two spatial and two velocity dimensions. The primary RTI in the MHD regime develops symmetrically in a coordinate axis parallel to gravity as seen in the previous MHD simulations. Small-scale secondary instabilities are generated due to secondary velocity shear layers formed by the nonlinear development of the primary RTI. The secondary instabilities take place asymmetrically in the coordinate axis parallel to gravity. It is suggested that these secondary instabilities correspond to the electron Kelvin-Helmholtz instability generated by the electron velocity shear, whose development depends on the polarity of the inner product between the magnetic field and the vorticity of the velocity shear layer.
Suppression of photothermal convection of microparticles in two dimensional nanoplasmonic optical lattice
Authors: Chen Yi-Chung , Yossifon Gilad , Yang Ya-Tang
Published: November 2016

Photothermal convection has been a major obstacle for stable particle trapping in plasmonic optical tweezer at high optical power. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to suppress the plasmonic photothermal convection by using vanishingly small thermal expansion coefficient of water at low temperature. A simple square nanoplasmonic array is illuminated with a loosely Gaussian beam to produce a two dimensional optical lattice for trapping of micro particles. We observe stable particle trapping due to near-field optical gradient forces at elevated optical power at low temperature. In contrast, for the same optical power at room temperature, the particles are convected away from the center of the optical lattice without their accumulation. This technique will greatly increase usable optical power and enhance the trapping capability of plasmonic optical tweezer.
Anisotropic straining of graphene using micropatterned SiN membranes
Authors: Settembrini Francesca F. , Colangelo Francesco , Pitanti Alessandro , Miseikis Vaidotas , Coletti Camilla , Menichetti Guido , Colle Renato , Grosso Giuseppe , Tredicucci Alessandro , Roddaro Stefano
Published: November 2016

We use micro-Raman spectroscopy to study strain in free-standing graphene monolayers anchored to SiN holes of non-circular geometry. We show that a uniform differential pressure load yields measurable deviations from hydrostatic strain, conventionally observed in radially symmetric microbubbles. A pressure load of 1 bar yields a top hydrostatic strain of ≈ 0.7% and a G± splitting of 10 cm−1 in graphene clamped to elliptical boundaries with axes 40 and 20 μm, in good agreement with the calculated anisotropy Δε ≈ 0.6% and consistently with recent reports on Grüneisen parameters. The implementation of arbitrary strain configurations by designing suitable boundary clamping conditions is discussed.
The effect of thermal treatment on the stress state and evolving microstructure of Cu/W nano-multilayers
Authors: Cancellieri C. , Moszner F. , Chiodi M. , Yoon S. , Janczak-Rusch J. , Jeurgens L. P. H.
Published: November 2016

The functionality and reliability of nano-multilayered devices and components are largely affected by the stress evolution during fabrication, processing, and operation. The impact of thermal treatment on the stress state and evolving microstructure of Cu/W nano-multilayers, as deposited on different substrates (i.e., Si(001), Al2O3-C, and Al2O3-R) by magnetron sputtering, was investigated by in-situ high temperature X-ray diffraction and high-resolution scanning electron microcopy. The as-deposited Cu and W nanolayers exhibit an out-of-plane orientation relationship according to Cu ⟨111⟩|| W ⟨110⟩. On the Al2O3-C and Al2O3-R substrates, the Cu/W nanomultilayers also develop a pronounced in-plane texture given by Cu {111}⟨101¯⟩|| W {110}⟨001¯⟩. The stress state of the Cu nanolayers in the as-deposited state and upon heating, investigated ex-situ, is largely imposed by the accumulated stresses in the much stiffer W nanolayers. In the as-deposited state, the W nanolayers exhibit a much larger in-plane compressive stress than the Cu nanolayers (i.e., −3.5 GPa versus −1.5 GPa), which both mainly originate from growth stresses generated during the deposition process. The growth stresses in the as-deposited Cu nanolayers are relaxed after annealing at 500 °C. Relief of compressive stresses in the W nanolayers is accompanied by grain coarsening which only occurs upon degradation of the nano-multilayered structure. The degradation of the periodic layer structure proceeds in the range of 750−900 °C and is independent of the substrate.
Extraordinary optical transmission induced by strong plasmon-phonon coupling: Shape resonance versus non-shape resonance
Authors: Kyoung Jisoo , Roh Young-Geun
Published: November 2016

The study of the localized surface plasmons induced by a rectangular hole has been a basic building block for understanding the shape dependence of extraordinary optical transmission (EOT). A recent discovery has shown that the substrate significantly affects the aperture resonance position. However, the substrate effect on aperture resonance has been limited to the non-dispersive case, in which the refractive index of the substrate is assumed to be constant. Here, by employing strong plasmon-phonon interactions, we study the EOT of a rectangular hole with a dispersive medium. By changing the slot antenna length, various plasmon modes are generated, and they then interact with the phonon of the SiO2 film in the mid-infrared range. We report that the transmission resonance changes from shape resonance to non-shape resonance as the length of the slot increases. The origin of the shape resonance is the destructive interference of the evanescent modes; in contrast, the propagation modes and the material property of the substrate determine the non-shape resonance. Because of the effect of evanescent coupling, shape resonance is much more sensitive than non-shape resonance to the dielectric environment.
Multiplex social ecological network analysis reveals how social changes affect community robustness more than resource depletion
Authors: Baggio Jacopo A. , BurnSilver Shauna B. , Arenas Alex , Magdanz James S. , Kofinas Gary P. , De Domenico Manlio
Published: November 2016

Significance

Social capital ties are ubiquitous in modern life. For societies with people and landscapes tightly connected, in variable or marginal ecosystems, and with unreliable market sectors, social relations are critical. Each relation is a potential source of food, information, cash, labor, or expertise. Here, we present an analysis of multiplex, directed, and weighted networks representing actual flows of subsistence-related goods and services among households in three remote indigenous Alaska communities exposed to both extreme climate change and industrial development. We find that the principal challenge to the robustness of such communities is the loss of key households and the erosion of cultural ties linked to sharing and cooperative social relations rather than resource depletion.
Global analysis of somatic structural genomic alterations and their impact on gene expression in diverse human cancers
Authors: Alaei-Mahabadi Babak , Bhadury Joydeep , Karlsson Joakim W. , Nilsson Jonas A. , Larsson Erik
Published: November 2016

Significance

Structural changes in chromosomes can alter the expression and function of genes in tumors, an important driving mechanism in some tumors. Whole-genome sequencing makes it possible to detect such events on a genome-wide scale, but comprehensive investigations are still missing. Here, enabled by a massive amount of whole-genome sequencing data generated by The Cancer Genome Atlas consortium, we map somatic structural changes in 600 tumors of diverse origins. At a global level, we find that such events often contribute to altered gene expression in human cancer, and also highlight specific events that may have functional roles during tumor development.
Uterine Artery Embolization Versus Hysterectomy in the Treatment of Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids: 10 Years’ Outcomes From the Randomized EMMY Trial
Authors: de Bruijn Annefleur M. , Ankum Willem M. , Reekers Jim A. , Birnie Erwin , van der Kooij Sanne M. , Volkers Nicole A. , Hehenkamp Wouter J. K.
Published: November 2016

(Abstracted from Am J Obst Gynecol 2016; DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.06.051)

Since uterine artery embolization (UAE) was first described in 1995 as an alternative to hysterectomy for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids, a large number of studies including several randomized controlled trials have established UAE as a valuable treatment. The randomized EMMY (EMbolization versus hysterectoMY) trial reported outcomes for clinical outcomes, efficacy, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and cost-effectiveness after 1, 2, and 5 years of follow-up.
The Investigations Required Before Referring a Patient to a Gynaecologic Oncologist
Authors: Kupets Rachel , Christopher Giede K. , Power Patti , Agrawal Anita
Published: November 2016

(Abstracted from J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2016;38:164–167)

The majority of women who develop gynecologic malignancies initially present to family physicians or generalist obstetrician-gynecologists before referral to gynecologic oncologists. Nonsubspecialists may order a number of investigative procedures prior to referral of women with suspected gynecologic cancers.
Mouse Model of Chromosome Mosaicism Reveals Lineage-Specific Depletion of Aneuploid Cells and Normal Developmental Potential
Authors: Bolton Helen , Graham Sarah J. L. , van der Aa Niels , Kumar Parveen , Theunis Koen , Gallardo Elia Fernandez , Voet Thierry , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena
Published: November 2016

(Abstracted from Nat Commun 2016;7:11165)

Most human preimplantation embryos display chromosome mosaicism. In the most common pattern of mosaicism, the embryo is chimeric (containing both euploid and aneuploid cells).
Are Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy Associated With Congenital Malformations in Offspring? Evidence From the WHO Multicountry Cross Sectional Survey on Maternal And Newborn Health
Authors: Bellizzi S. , Ali M. M. , Abalos E. , Betran A. P. , Kapila J. , Pileggi-Castro C. , Vogel J. P. , Merialdi M.
Published: November 2016

(Abstracted from BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016;16:198)

Approximately 7.9 million children are born with birth defects, and 3.3 million children younger than 5 years die because of congenital anomalies annually. It is well known that congenital malformations contribute significantly to neonatal mortality.
Temporal Trends in Late Preterm and Early Term Birth Rates in 6 High-Income Countries in North America and Europe and Association With Clinician-Initiated Obstetric Interventions
Authors: Richards Jennifer L. , Kramer Michael S. , Deb-Rinker Paromita , Rouleau Jocelyn , Mortensen Laust , Gissler Mika , Morken Nils-Halvdan , Skjærven Rolv , Cnattingius Sven , Johansson Stefan , Delnord Marie , Dolan Siobhan M. , Morisaki Naho , Tough Suzanne , Zeitlin Jennifer , Kramer Michael R.
Published: November 2016

(Abstracted from JAMA 2016;316(4):410–419)

Late-preterm and early-term births occurring spontaneously or through obstetric interventions including labor induction or cesarean delivery are a cause for concern because of consequent risks of adverse neonatal and childhood outcomes. Hence, recommendations in the United States have been to decrease nonmedically indicated or elective deliveries before 39 weeks.
Dendritic cell subset expression in severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Perez-Novo Claudina , Pezato Rogério
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review

Two main pillars are implicated in nasal polyposis development: a severe imbalance in immunomodulation and a mechanical dysfunction because of an abnormal remodeling process. Dendritic cells play a crucial role in the link between innate and adaptive immune response and orchestrating the T-cell response and are implicated in the severe inflammatory process found in nasal polypoid tissue. This review summarizes the existent knowledge about dendritic cells in nasal polyposis.

Recent findings

Dendritic cells are found increased in nasal polyposis, regardless of subset. Of interest, plasmacytoid dendritic cells are decreased in patients with a more severe Th2 profile, suggesting an important role of the cytokines milieu in their functional response or that plasmacytoid dendritic cell could act mitigating the inflamed process found in polypoid tissue.

Understanding the dendritic cell subset expression in different environments, as well as the effect of these subsets on T-cell differentiation will greatly improve the development of new therapies in nasal polyposis.
Targeting IL-25 as a novel therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Lee Mingyu , Kim Dae Woo , Shin Hyun-Woo
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disorder with a poorly understood pathophysiology. Recent findings show that epithelial-derived cytokines, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-33, and IL-25, can exacerbate Th2 immune responses, ultimately leading to recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Although IL-25 is increased in CRSwNP, the targeting of IL-25 as a therapeutic strategy remains largely unexplored. In this review, we outline the many recent advances in our understanding of the association between IL-25 and CRSwNP.

Recent findings

Recently, we demonstrated that IL-25, produced primarily by sinonasal epithelial cells and infiltrating mast cells, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP in Asian patients. Furthermore, IL-25 and IL-25R are elevated in nasal polyps. This cytokine has roles in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP via modulating group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Similarly, ILC2 enrichment has been reported in CRSwNP patients, and a positive correlation has been shown between ILC2s and CRSwNP. Clinical trials blocking thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL-33 pathways are ongoing using monoclonal antibodies, AMG157 and AMG282, against CRSwNP, respectively.

Studies on the role played by IL-25 in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP are accumulating and suggest the possibility of a novel therapeutic strategy for treating CRSwNP.
Near-fatal asthma: a heterogeneous clinical entity
Authors: Serrano-Pariente José , Plaza Vicente
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review

The aims of the present review were to describe the heterogeneous nature of near-fatal asthma (NFA) and to summarize the distinctive phenotypes identified in this subtype of asthma.

Recent findings

Clinical, physiological, and histological studies have shown a large number of triggers, pathological mechanisms, and risk factors associated with NFA. Based on the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, the circumstances surrounding the asthma exacerbation and some distinctive features of the disease, several clinical profiles of asthma patients with NFA have been described. Recent data show new associations between some gene expression patterns and fatal asthma, as well as with some biological markers related to inflammatory or immunologic mechanisms in the airways. Also, the use of statistical methods, such as cluster analysis, allowed identifying and confirming different phenotypes of life-threatening asthma patients.

NFA is a heterogeneous clinical entity, in which different patients’ clinical profiles may coexist [e.g. rapid-onset NFA, NFA in patients with dyspnea hypoperception or sensitized to certain pneumoallergens (Alternaria alternata, soybean), NFA related to the menstrual cycle, brittle asthma]. Knowledge of these phenotypes as well as adequate and specific management strategies can reduce morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from NFA.
Dynamic Stabilization of Simple Fractures With Active Plates Delivers Stronger Healing Than Conventional Compression Plating
Authors: Bottlang Michael , Tsai Stanley , Bliven Emily K. , von Rechenberg Brigitte , Kindt Philipp , Augat Peter , Henschel Julia , Fitzpatrick Daniel C. , Madey Steven M.
Published: November 2016

Objectives:

Active plates dynamize a fracture by elastic suspension of screw holes within the plate. We hypothesized that dynamic stabilization with active plates delivers stronger healing relative to standard compression plating.

Methods:

Twelve sheep were randomized to receive either a standard compression plate (CP) or an active plate (ACTIVE) for stabilization of an anatomically reduced tibial osteotomy. In the CP group, absolute stabilization was pursued by interfragmentary compression with 6 cortical screws. In the ACTIVE group, dynamic stabilization after bony apposition was achieved with 6 elastically suspended locking screws. Fracture healing was analyzed weekly on radiographs. After sacrifice 9 weeks postsurgery, the torsional strength of healed tibiae and contralateral tibiae was measured. Finally, computed tomography was used to assess fracture patterns and healing modes.

Results:

Healing in both groups included periosteal callus formation. ACTIVE specimens had almost 6 times more callus area by week 9 (P < 0.001) than CP specimens. ACTIVE specimens recovered on average 64% of their native strength by week 9, and were over twice as strong as CP specimens, which recovered 24% of their native strength (P = 0.008). Microcomputed tomography demonstrated that compression plating induced a combination of primary bone healing and gap healing. Active plating consistently stimulated biological bone healing by periosteal callus formation.

Conclusions:

Compared with compression plating, dynamic stabilization of simple fractures with active plates delivers significantly stronger healing.
Hereditary Neuropathy With Liability to Pressure Palsies: Diverse Phenotypes in Childhood
Authors: Harada Yohei , Puwanant Araya , Herrmann David N.
Published: November 2016

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder that most commonly produces recurrent painless focal sensory and motor neuropathies often preceded by minor, mechanical stress, or minor trauma. Herein, we report 2 pediatric cases of HNPP with atypical presentations; isolated muscle cramping and toe walking. Electrophysiologic testing disclosed multifocal sensorimotor polyneuropathy with slowing of sensory conduction velocities in both cases, which prompted PMP 22 gene deletion testing. Multifocal sensorimotor electrophysiologic abnormalities, with slowing of sensory conduction velocities should raise consideration of HNPP in childhood. These case reports emphasize that the diagnosis of HNPP in children requires a high index of suspicion.
Clinical, Electrophysiology, and Pathology Features of Dynamin Centronuclear Myopathy: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Verma Sumit , Balasubramanian Suman B.
Published: November 2016

Dynamin (DNM2) centronuclear myopathy (CNM) has variable age of onset, distal greater than proximal muscle weakness, ptosis with or without extraocular muscle weakness, and a characteristic muscle biopsy with radial sarcoplasmic strands giving spoke like appearance. The following case report highlights clinical, electrophysiology, and pathology features of a genetic confirmed DNM2 CNM subject. In addition, a review of literature on all genetic confirmed DNM2 CNM cases published in English literature from 2006 to 2016 is presented.
What's in the Literature?
Authors: Silvestri Nicholas J. , Wolfe Gil I. , Lacomis David
Published: November 2016

In this edition, we focus on neuromuscular junction disorders and myopathy. The newly published international consensus guidelines for the management of myasthenia gravis are reviewed. In addition, various emerging treatment options for myasthenia, including the use of methotrexate, rituximab, subcutaneous immunoglobulin, and thymectomy, are discussed. Recent studies examining the clinical and genetic features of several forms of congenital myasthenia gravis are also highlighted. The clinical features and treatment of late-onset Pompe disease are reviewed, as are studies in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, and calpainopathy.
Polypoid Spitz Nevus With a Halo Reaction
Authors: Fernandez-Flores Angel , Saeb-Lima Marcela , Rodriguez-Peralto José Luis
Published: November 2016

Approximately, 2% of Spitz nevi are polypoid; between 3.6% and 7.4% present with a halo reaction. In tandem, these low percentages make the presence of a polypoid Spitz nevus with a halo reaction uncommon; we have not found reports of any previous cases. In the current report, we present a polypoid Spitz nevus with a halo reaction on the back of a 10-year-old male and discuss the morphologic findings. The lesion showed preserved nuclear expression of BAP1. There was no immunohistochemical expression of BRAF and ALK, while the melanocytic cells expressed p16. Comparative genomic hybridization was performed, and no significant aberrations were found. Only 2 small losses were evidenced in chromosome 8. The patient has been followed now for 2 years with no recurrence.
“Please Don't Just Hang a Feather on a Program or Put a Medicine Wheel on Your Logo and Think ‘Oh Well, This Will Work’”
Authors: Walsh-Buhi Margaret L.
Published: November 2016

Many current theories guiding substance abuse prevention (SAP) programs stem from Western ideologies, leading to a scarcity of research on theories from, and a disconnect with, Indigenous perspectives. This qualitative research study explored perceptions of theory by SAP researchers (N = 22) working with American Indian and Alaska Native communities. In-depth interviews identified components of Indigenous theoretical perspectives, including cultural elements such as balance, social cohesion, and belonging as being particularly significant and currently absent from many SAP programs. Recommendations for conducting metatheory studies and operationalization of Indigenous perspectives into guiding theoretical underpinnings for future SAP programming are provided.
The Relationship Between Advertising-Induced Anger and Self-efficacy on Persuasive Outcomes
Authors: Ilakkuvan Vinu , Turner Monique Mitchell , Cantrell Jennifer , Hair Elizabeth , Vallone Donna
Published: November 2016

Turner's Anger Activism Model (AAM) contends anger and efficacy interact in a unique way to determine message responses to campaign materials. This study tested the AAM using responses to 2 truth antismoking advertisements collected in August-October 2014 via an online, cross-sectional survey of 15- to 21-year-olds. Those aware of each of the truth advertisements (n = 319 for each) were organized into 4 anger/efficacy groups. Analysis of variance and regressions were conducted to understand group differences in message-related cognitions (persuasiveness, receptivity, conversation). Message cognitions were highest among the high anger/high efficacy group and lowest among the low anger/low efficacy group.
Novel approaches to early detection of endometrial cancer
Authors: Bagaria Madhu , Shields Emily , Bakkum-Gamez Jamie N.
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review

Detection of endometrial cancer at an early stage leads to better oncologic outcomes. To date, a screening test for endometrial cancer does not exist.

Recent findings

Evolving knowledge of molecular changes involved in endometrial cancer carcinogenesis paired with sensitive and high-throughput technological advancements are a promising combination that can be leveraged to detect tumor DNA and proteins. These molecular biomarkers can be identified in biospecimens collected via minimally invasive and noninvasive approaches. Exploiting lower genital tract secretions as a biospecimen also allows for patient self-sampling.

Successful development of a screening test for endometrial cancer using self-collected lower genital tract biospecimens has the potential to increase accessibility to care and improve patient compliance.
Eczema Herpeticum
Authors: Beverido Luis G. , Nanjappa Sowmya , Braswell Diana S. , Messina Jane L. , Greene John N.
Published: November 2016

Eczema herpeticum in immunocompromised cancer patients if not identified and treated early can be life threatening. It is commonly found in patients with skin integrity disorders, atopic dermatitis, or immunocompromised patients with herpes simplex type 1 infection. The trunk, head, and neck are regions that commonly are involved. Early antiviral therapy is crucial in immunocompromised hosts to prevent a rapid progression of infections. We present a case of adult generalized eczema herpeticum and a review of the differential diagnosis, and management options.
The Effects of Dietary Calcium Supplements Alone or With Vitamin D on Cholesterol Metabolism
Authors: Chen Chunlan , Ge Song , Li Shengxu , Wu Lang , Liu Tingting , Li Changwei
Published: November 2016

Background:

Evidence supports the role of lifestyle interventions as a primary intervention strategy among individuals with dyslipidemia. The role of micronutrients, and calcium in particular, on cholesterol metabolism is not clear and warrants further investigation.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials that have examined the effects of calcium supplements on blood lipids among adults.

Methods:

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched up to March 2016 for calcium supplements clinical trials. Other trials were selected from searching bibliography of reviews, meta-analysis, and included trials. Clinical trials with random allocation to calcium supplementation or calcium plus vitamin D supplementation, or control were selected. Data collected included study design, participant characteristics, information of the intervention, and outcomes. Data synthesis was conducted using random effect models.

Results:

A total of 22 trials, representing 4071 participants, met the eligibility criteria. Compared with control group, calcium supplements significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level by −0.12 mmol/L (95% confidence interval, −0.22 to −0.02) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level by 0.05 mmol/L (95% confidence interval, 0.00 to 0.10). Subgroup analyses revealed that the associations were consistent across study duration and vitamin D cosupplementation status.

Conclusions:

Calcium supplementation has beneficial effect on blood lipids. Such supplements may be useful as a nonpharmaceutical strategy in cholesterol control.
A Qualitative Study of Symptom Experiences of Women With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Davis Leslie L.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Most studies show that women with symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) delay seeking care longer than men do. Contributing factors include women being more likely to experience diverse symptoms, to experience symptoms that do not match preexisting symptom expectations, to interpret symptoms as noncardiac, and to minimize symptoms until they become incapacitating.

Objective:

The aim of the study is to identify factors influencing women’s ability to recognize and accurately interpret symptoms of suspected ACS.

Methods:

This qualitative study used in-depth interviews with 18 women diagnosed with ACS to determine how they recognized, interpreted, and acted on symptoms. An interview guide developed from the author’s initial research was used to provide structure for the process.

Results:

All of the women went through a process of recognizing and interpreting their symptoms. Eight women had symptoms arise abruptly. Most of these women recognized a change immediately, “knew” to go for treatment, and did so quickly. Three women had vague symptoms that started slowly, converting unexpectedly to intense symptoms prompting them to seek care urgently. The remaining 7 women had evolving symptoms, were more likely to interpret symptoms as unrelated to their heart, and avoided disclosing symptoms to others. Despite recognizing that the situation may be serious, women with evolving symptoms adopted a wait-and-see approach.

Conclusion:

Women with less severe, intermittent, or evolving symptoms are at increased risk for delayed presentation, diagnosis, and treatment for ACS. These women should be targeted for educational and behavioral interventions.
Quality of Life and Mid-Term Survival of Patients Bridged with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation to Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Unai Shinya , Yamane Kentaro , Tanaka Daizo , Cook Gary , Hirose Hitoshi , Cavarocchi Nicholas C. , Entwistle John W. C.
Published: November 2016

Insertion of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) improves survival and quality of life (QOL) in patients with class IV heart failure failing medical management. However, QOL and survival of patients bridged to LVAD with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is unknown. Between July 2008 and June 2014, 213 patients underwent insertion of HeartMate II LVAD at two VAD centers without a bridge with a temporary VAD. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used as a bridge before LVAD insertion in 22 Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) 1 patients (ECMO-VAD group). No bridge was used in 21 INTERMACS 1 patients and 170 INTERMACS 2–4 patients (primary LVAD group). Survival was compared between the ECMO-VAD group and INTERMACS 1 patients who underwent a primary LVAD insertion (INTERMACS 1 group). Quality of life was compared between the ECMO-VAD group and the primary LVAD group as a whole. The in-hospital mortality of the ECMO-VAD and INTERMACS1 groups was 23% and 14%, respectively (P = 0.38). The postimplant QOL scores of the ECMO-VAD group were not different compared with the primary LVAD group. Although the ECMO-VAD group consists of critically ill patients, the QOL and survival after discharge were not significantly different compared with patients who were not bridged with ECMO.
Clinical Implications of Physiologic Flow Adjustment in Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang , Luc Jessica G. Y. , Cohan Caitlin M. , Phan Kevin , Hübbert Laila , Day Steven W. , Massey H. Todd
Published: November 2016

There is increasing evidence for successful management of end-stage heart failure with continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) technology. However, passive flow adjustment at fixed CF-LVAD speed is susceptible to flow balancing issues as well as adverse hemodynamic effects relating to the diminished arterial pulse pressure and flow. With current therapy, flow cannot be adjusted with changes in venous return, which can vary significantly with volume status. This limits the performance and safety of CF-LVAD. Active flow adjustment strategies have been proposed to improve the synchrony between the pump and the native cardiovascular system, mimicking the Frank–Starling mechanism of the heart. These flow adjustment strategies include modulation by CF-LVAD pump speed by synchrony and maintenance of constant flow or constant pressure head, or a combination of these variables. However, none of these adjustment strategies have evolved sufficiently to gain widespread attention. Herein we review the current challenges and future directions of CF-LVAD therapy and sensor technology focusing on the development of a physiologic, long-term active flow adjustment strategy for CF-LVADs.
Mastering Mitral Leaflets Coaptation After Valve Repair with Adjustable Mitral Annuloplasty Ring: Proof of Concept in Mock Loop Study
Authors: Tozzi Piergiorgio , Hayoz Daniel , Antona Carlo , Fiore Gianfranco B. , Siniscalchi Giuseppe , Ferrari Enrico , Baeriswyl Gérard , Vismara Riccardo
Published: November 2016

This investigation sought to determine the feasibility of a novel mitral ring designed to reshape mitral annulus on beating heart, after surgery. The mitral ring is intended to improve mitral leaflets coaptation to correct residual and recurrent mitral regurgitations. It could also provide progressive correction of mitral regurgitation. The device was tested in ex vivo beating heart model. The novel mitral ring is selectively deformable in P1, P2, and P3 segments using a dedicated angioplasty-type balloon. The deformation should increase leaflets coaptation, reducing distance between the two leaflets. It was implanted using standard surgical techniques. The mock loop is based on passive beating heart. Mitral valve (MV) functioning was evaluated in terms of leaflets coaptation height at P2 level using epicardial echocardiography. The test has been completed on eight swine hearts. Ring size was 30 mm. The balloons were inserted in the connecting line. Each segment of the posterior annulus was independently activated over three progressive positions. Balloon inflation pressures were between 15 and 21 bar. Maximum coaptation height increase was 7 mm. Mean pressure gradient across the MV was 1.7 ± 0.3 mm Hg after complete activation of the device. The device allowed significant increase in coaptation height at P2 level after adjustments at P1, P2, and P3. Results were consistent and reproducible. This feasibility study demonstrates the possibility to reshape the mitral annulus on beating heart to precisely increase MV leaflets coaptation height.
Dietary fatty acid metabolism in prediabetes
Authors: Noll Christophe , Carpentier André C.
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review

Experimental evidences are strong for a role of long-chain saturated fatty acids in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Ectopic accretion of triglycerides in lean organs is a characteristic of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes and has been linked to end-organ complications. The contribution of disordered dietary fatty acid (DFA) metabolism to lean organ overexposure and lipotoxicity is still unclear, however. DFA metabolism is very complex and very difficult to study in vivo in humans.

Recent findings

We have recently developed a novel imaging method using PET with oral administration of 14-R,S-18F-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (18FTHA) to quantify organ-specific DFA partitioning. Our studies thus far confirmed impaired storage of DFA per volume of fat mass in abdominal adipose tissues of individuals with prediabetes. They also highlighted the increased channeling of DFA toward the heart, associated with subclinical reduction in cardiac systolic and diastolic function in individuals with prediabetes.

In the present review, we summarize previous work on DFA metabolism in healthy and prediabetic states and discuss these in the light of our novel findings using PET imaging of DFA metabolism. We herein provide an integrated view of abnormal organ-specific DFA partitioning in prediabetes in humans.
Clinical aspects of Zika virus
Authors: Grossi-Soyster Elysse N. , LaBeaud A. Desiree
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has caused a sudden and explosive outbreak in South America and the Caribbean in the last year, and has been declared a public health emergency by the WHO. As ZIKV afflicts previously naive populations, more severe clinical presentations and sequelae have been observed. A specific emphasis has been placed on the neurological effects in infants resulting from viral exposure in utero.

Recent findings

Acute onset of ZIKV disease is seen in approximately 20% of cases, whereas most individuals (80%) exposed are asymptomatic. Presentation of illness is typically mild, with disease spectrum ranging from arthralgia and rash to encephalitis, myelitis, and Guillain–Barré syndrome. Infants have been uniquely impacted by the current outbreak with significant congenital exposure resulting in permanent neurological defects and developmental complications.

The current ZIKV outbreak has illustrated the emergent capabilities of mosquito-borne viruses and the teratogenic nature of ZIKV. Causality and risk factors associated with severe manifestations, as well as chronic sequelae, have yet to be determined. Extensive research is required to understand the molecular mechanisms of infection, develop improved assays for differential diagnosis, and improve overall knowledge of the spectrum of ZIKV disease in order to develop modes of prevention and treatment.
Combat-Related Multifaceted Trauma-Focused Group Therapy
Authors: Levi Ofir , Wald Ilan , Svetlitsky Vlad , Zusmanovitz Sergei , Parasha Eli , Shoval-Zuckerman Yael , Afik Gal , Haikin Gal , Fruchter Eyal
Published: November 2016

The efficacy of combat-related trauma-focused group therapy (TFGT) was tested using a unique technique that combines principles from prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy, and art therapy. Eighty Israeli male veterans exposed to traumatic events participated in the study. They were divided into eight therapeutic groups led by four pairs of trained therapists. Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms and levels of functioning were taken at pretherapy, end of therapy, and 6 months posttherapy. Analyses found that therapy helped in reducing posttraumatic and depressive symptoms at the end of therapy and at 6 months follow-up. It also showed that patients' functioning had significantly improved by the end of therapy and at 6 months follow-up. A significant clinical change in each parameter over time was also observed. In conclusion, the study provides preliminary evidence that combat-related TFGT may be efficacious in reducing psychological suffering and enhancing actual functioning. Follow-up randomized controlled trials to determine treatment efficacy are needed.
Herbs, Spices, and Flavoring Agents
Authors: Grivetti Louis E.
Published: November 2016

Each plant has a story, one that reflects the distance traveled from its ancient geographical origins, from wild to domesticated forms, and ultimately to culinary, cultural, medical, and social uses in the 21st century. Herbs and spices have taken these winding historical paths and the journeys reflect a myriad of uses by widely different cultures as they ultimately reach our kitchens, serving plates, and palates.