bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum acetyltransferases Atase1 and Atase2 differentially regulate reticulophagy, macroautophagy and cellular acetyl-CoA metabolism
Authors: Rigby Michael J. , Lawton Alexis J. , Kaur Gulpreet , Banduseela Varuna C. , Kamm William E. , Lakkaraju Aparna , Denu John M. , Puglielli Luigi
Published: April 2021

Nε-lysine acetylation in the ER lumen is a recently discovered quality control mechanism that ensures proteostasis within the secretory pathway. The acetyltransferase reaction is carried out by two type-II membrane proteins, ATase1/NAT8B and ATase2/NAT8. Prior studies have shown that reducing ER acetylation can induce reticulophagy, increase ER turnover, and alleviate proteotoxic states. Here, we report the generation of Atase1−/− and Atase2−/− mice and show that these two ER-based acetyltransferases play different roles in the regulation of reticulophagy and macroautophagy. Importantly, knockout of Atase1 alone results in activation of reticulophagy and rescue of the proteotoxic state associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, loss of Atase1 or Atase2 results in widespread adaptive changes in the cell acetylome and acetyl-CoA metabolism. Overall, our study supports a divergent role of Atase1 and Atase2 in cellular biology, emphasizing ATase1 as a valid translational target for diseases characterized by toxic protein aggregation in the secretory pathway.
Fluctuations and like-torque clusters at the onset of the discontinuous shear thickening transition in granular materials
Authors: Rahbari S. H. E. , Otsuki Michio , Pöschel Thorsten
Published: April 2021

The main mechanism driving rheological transitions is usually mechanical perturbation by shear — an unjamming mechanism. Investigating discontinuous shear thickening is challenging because the shear counterintuitively acts as a jamming mechanism. Moreover, at the brink of this transition, a thickening material exhibits fluctuations that extend both spatially and temporally. Despite recent extensive research, the origins of such spatiotemporal fluctuations remain unidentified. Here, we numerically investigate the fluctuations in injected power in discontinuous shear thickening in granular materials. We show that a simple fluctuation relation governs the statistics of power fluctuations. Furthermore, we reveal the formation of like-torque clusters near thickening and identify an unexpected relation between the spatiotemporal fluctuations and the collective behavior due to the formation of like-torque clusters. We expect that our general approach should pave the way to unmasking the origin of spatiotemporal fluctuations in discontinuous shear thickening.
Tyrosine residues mediate supercontraction in biomimetic spider silk
Authors: Greco Gabriele , Arndt Tina , Schmuck Benjamin , Francis Juanita , Bäcklund Fredrik G. , Shilkova Olga , Barth Andreas , Gonska Nathalie , Seisenbaeva Gulaim , Kessler Vadim , Johansson Jan , Pugno Nicola M. , Rising Anna
Published: April 2021

Water and humidity severely affect the material properties of spider major ampullate silk, causing the fiber to become plasticized, contract, swell and undergo torsion. Several amino acid residue types have been proposed to be involved in this process, but the complex composition of the native fiber complicates detailed investigations. Here, we observe supercontraction in biomimetically produced artificial spider silk fibers composed of defined proteins. We found experimental evidence that proline is not the sole residue responsible for supercontraction and that tyrosine residues in the amorphous regions of the silk fiber play an important role. Furthermore, we show that the response of artificial silk fibers to humidity can be tuned, which is important for the development of materials for applications in wet environments, eg producing water resistant fibers with maximal strain at break and toughness modulus.
The Toba supervolcano eruption caused severe tropical stratospheric ozone depletion
Authors: Osipov Sergey , Stenchikov Georgiy , Tsigaridis Kostas , LeGrande Allegra N. , Bauer Susanne E. , Fnais Mohammed , Lelieveld Jos
Published: April 2021

Supervolcano eruptions have occurred throughout Earth’s history and have major environmental impacts. These impacts are mostly associated with the attenuation of visible sunlight by stratospheric sulfate aerosols, which causes cooling and deceleration of the water cycle. Supereruptions have been assumed to cause so-called volcanic winters that act as primary evolutionary factors through ecosystem disruption and famine, however, winter conditions alone may not be sufficient to cause such disruption. Here we use Earth system model simulations to show that stratospheric sulfur emissions from the Toba supereruption 74,000 years ago caused severe stratospheric ozone loss through a radiation attenuation mechanism that only moderately depends on the emission magnitude. The Toba plume strongly inhibited oxygen photolysis, suppressing ozone formation in the tropics, where exceptionally depleted ozone conditions persisted for over a year. This effect, when combined with volcanic winter in the extra-tropics, can account for the impacts of supereruptions on ecosystems and humanity.
Understanding dispersion interactions in molecular chemistry
Authors: Janek Jürgen , Schreiner Peter R. , Suhm Martin A.
Published: April 2021

This themed collection contains a selection of articles on the topic of Understanding Dispersion Interactions in Molecular Chemistry.
Surface chemical reactions on self-assembled silane based monolayers
Authors: Wang Limin , Schubert Ulrich S. , Hoeppener Stephanie
Published: April 2021

Developments in the chemical surface reactions performed on hydroxyl-terminated substrates are reviewed. This comprehensive overview illustrates the importance of the highly dynamic field of surface functionalization utilizing self-assembled monolayers.
Converging conversion – using promiscuous biocatalysts for the cell-free synthesis of chemicals from heterogeneous biomass
Authors: Sutiono Samuel , Pick André , Sieber Volker
Published: April 2021

Mixed sugars are often found in biomass hydrolysis. Promiscuous biocatalysts are crucial for stereo-convergent synthesis of chemicals from biomass. A “plug-and-play” strategy allowed us to divert the production of a chemical of interest from two pentoses.
The fabrication of a graphene and conductive polymer nanocomposite-coated highly flexible and washable woven thermoelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Khoso Nazakat Ali , Xu Guangyu , Xie Jiao , Sun Tian , Wang Jiajun
Published: April 2021

A conductive polymer was coated on as rGO coated textile substrate using layer by layer approach, and used as rGO based highly flexible and washable conductive textile for wearable self-powered thermoelectric generator for energy harvesting from human body heat.
Gram-scale selective synthesis of WO3−x nanorods and (NH4)xWO3 ammonium tungsten bronzes with tunable plasmonic properties
Authors: Dören René , Leibauer Benjamin , Lange Martin Alexander , Schechtel Eugen , Prädel Leon , Panthöfer Martin , Mondeshki Mihail , Tremel Wolfgang
Published: April 2021

WO3-x and (NH4)xWO3 are prepared from ammonium metatungstate. Oleyl oleamide, formed from oleic acid and oleylamine at T > 250 °C, favors the formation of WO3-x nanorods, fast heating rates and high precursor concentrations the formation of (NH4)xWO3.
Synthesis and properties of organoboron functionalized nanocellulose for crosslinking low polymer fracturing fluid system
Authors: Wang Yanling , Zhang Chuanbao , Xu Ning , Lan Jincheng , Jiang Baoyang , Meng Lingtao
Published: April 2021

The residual viscosity of the NBC gel drops below 100 mPa s while the temperature increases to 150 °C, but when the temperature increases above 160 °C, the residual viscosity of the NBC gel drops below 50 mPa s.
Adhesion performance study of a novel microstructured stamp for micro-transfer printing
Authors: Liang Cunman , Wang Fujun , Huo Zhichen , Shi Beichao , Tian Yanling , Zhang Dawei
Published: April 2021

We propose a novel microstructured stamp for micro-transfer printing, which consists of a microchamber and microchannels.
A pragmatic eLCR for an ultrasensitive detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in joint synovial fluid: superior to qPCR
Authors: Chen Jinyuan , Wei Hongxiang , Fang Xinyu , Cai Yuanqing , Zhang Zhenzhen , Wang Yunqing , Lin Jianhua , Zhang Wenming , Zhong Guangxian
Published: April 2021

A pragmatic electrochemical mecA gene detection method for a rapid, accurate and low-cost identification of MRSA in the joint synovial fluid of PJI patients.
Development of a reusable fluorescent nanosensor based on rhodamine B immobilized in Stöber silica for copper ion detection
Authors: da Silva Fernandes Rafael , Raimundo Ivo M.
Published: April 2021

This work has the goal of developing and evaluating a reusable fluorescent nanosensor for detection of Cu(ii) ion in aqueous solution, based on the immobilization of rhodamine B in silica nanoparticles prepared according to a modified Stöber method.
The two domains of human galectin-8 bind sialyl- and fucose-containing oligosaccharides in an independent manner. A 3D view by using NMR
Authors: Gómez-Redondo Marcos , Delgado Sandra , Núñez-Franco Reyes , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo , Ardá Ana , Jiménez-Barbero Jesús , Gimeno Ana
Published: April 2021

NMR, ITC, and MD data show that the two domains of human galectin-8 independently recognize sialyl- and fucosyl-containing glycans.
Novel N-transfer reagent for converting α-amino acid derivatives to α-diazo compounds
Authors: Lu Guan-Han , Huang Tzu-Chia , Hsueh Hsiao-Chin , Yang Shin-Cherng , Cho Ting-Wei , Chou Ho-Hsuan
Published: April 2021

N-Atom is delivered to an amine to synthesize α-diazo compounds through triazene fragmentation.
Hidden polymorphism of FAPbI3 discovered by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ibaceta-Jaña Josefa , Muydinov Ruslan , Rosado Pamela , Vinoth Kumar Sri Hari Bharath , Gunder Rene , Hoffmann Axel , Szyszka Bernd , Wagner Markus R.
Published: April 2021

Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) can exhibit polymorphism at ambient conductions. Three different structural configurations and their thermally activated phase transitions are identified by temperature dependent micro-Raman spectroscopy.
Efficient and stable low-temperature CO oxidation over Pt/In–SnO2 composite triggered by abundant oxygen vacancies and adsorption sites
Authors: Sun Yukun , Gao Yang , He Chi , Song Weiyu , Jiang Zeyu , Albilali Reem , Bai Bo
Published: April 2021

In ion doping can greatly improve the active oxygen migration ability in the Pt/In–SnO2 catalyst, which is beneficial to CO oxidation at low temperature.
Meta-studtite stability in aqueous solutions. Impact of HCO3−, H2O2 and ionizing radiation on dissolution and speciation
Authors: Li Junyi , Szabó Zoltán , Jonsson Mats
Published: April 2021

Four different uranyl-(peroxide)-carbonate complexes were identified during studtite and meta-studtite dissolution in aqueous solution containing 10 mM HCO3− by 13C NMR.
Surface self-reconstructed amorphous/crystalline hybrid iron disulfide for high-efficiency water oxidation electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Guanzhi , Jin Chuanyu , Zhang Guoteng , Qian Lijuan , Chen Xiao , Tan Jianfei , Wang Wenhui , Yin Jie , Liu Xin , Zhou Huawei
Published: April 2021

Hybrid electrocatalysts derived from surface self-reconstruction during reaction processes can facilitate charge transfer between different phases and nanostructures by their unique interfaces.
Partitioning between polyurethane foam and the gas phase: data compilation, uncertainty estimation and implications for air sampling
Authors: Li Yuening , Wania Frank
Published: April 2021

The uncertainty of the partition coefficients between sorbent and gas phase propagates to sampling rate, effective sampling volume and ultimately to the air concentrations derived from a passive sampler operating in the curvi-linear uptake regime.
Mucilage as a functional food hydrocolloid: ongoing and potential applications in prebiotics and nutraceuticals
Authors: Kassem Iman A. A. , Joshua Ashaolu Tolulope , Kamel Rabab , Elkasabgy Nermeen A. , Afifi Sherif M. , Farag Mohamed A.
Published: April 2021

The current article highlights valorization practices of mucilage and its potential novel usages in the food industry, and as a prebiotic with respect to its structure activity relationship, in addition to its nutritional and anti-nutritional value.
Hydroxyl-group-modified polymeric carbon nitride with the highly selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to N-phenylhydroxylamine under visible light
Authors: Pei Linjuan , Tan Hao , Liu Meixian , Wang Ruiyi , Gu Xianmo , Ke Xuebin , Jia Jianfeng , Zheng Zhanfeng
Published: April 2021

The –OH modification over carbon nitride alters the selectivity of photocatalytic nitrobenzene hydrogenation to the intermediate, N-phenylhydroxylamine.
Microdroplet extraction assisted ultrasensitive Raman detection in complex oil
Authors: Zhang Lingjun , Sun Jianfeng , He Hong , Huang Yingzhou , Shi Haiyang , Chen Weigen
Published: April 2021

The Raman detection of trace substances (∼26 ppb) in complex mineral oils based on microdroplet extraction was demonstrated.
Structural evolution, optical gap and thermoelectric properties of CH3NH3SnBr3 hybrid perovskite, prepared by mechanochemistry
Authors: López Carlos A. , Abia Carmen , Gainza Javier , Kayser Paula , Nemes N. N. , Dura O. J. , Martínez J. L. , Fernández-Díaz María T. , Álvarez-Galván Consuelo , Alonso José A.
Published: April 2021

From the cubic phase at RT, three superstructures are identified down to 120 K result from the octahedral SnBr6 tilting and the stereochemical effect of Sn2+ lone pair. The Seebeck coefficient is ∼2000 μV K−1 at RT.
Rapid synthesis of diol homolog-based thermosets with tunable propertiesviaring-opening metathesis polymerization
Authors: Zhang Liuyang , Huangfu Fei , Li Wanrong , Yang Po
Published: April 2021

Diol homolog-based thermosets with tunable properties are rapidly synthesizedviaring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). These thermosets have excellent properties and are good matrices for rapid manufacturing of composites.
Phenyl bioisosteres in medicinal chemistry: discovery of novel γ-secretase modulators as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ratni H. , Baumann K. , Bellotti P. , Cook X. A. , Green L. G. , Luebbers T. , Reutlinger M. , Stepan A. F. , Vifian W.
Published: April 2021

We propose the use of a bridged piperidine moiety as a phenyl bioisostere, leading to strongly improved drug like properties. This concept was applied to the discovery of γ-secretase modulators for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Metabolomics in infectious diseases and drug discovery
Authors: Tounta Vivian , Liu Yi , Cheyne Ashleigh , Larrouy-Maumus Gerald
Published: April 2021

Metabolomics has emerged as an invaluable tool that can be used along with genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics to understand host–pathogen interactions at small-molecule levels.
Tumor-targeting inorganic nanomaterials synthesized by living cells
Authors: Yao Yuzhu , Wang Dongdong , Hu Jun , Yang Xiangliang
Published: April 2021

Inorganic nanomaterials (NMs) synthesized by living cells have shown potential application in tumor-targeting theranostics, owing to their unique physicochemical properties.
Toward the creation of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts by controlled ligand desorption from atomically precise metal nanoclusters
Authors: Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Kataoka Yuki , Hirata Momoko , Iwamatsu Yuki , Hossain Sakiat , Negishi Yuichi
Published: April 2021

This review describes state-of-art techniques and knowledge on the creation of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts using atomically precise metal nanoclusters.
Multifunction gelatin/chitosan composite microspheres with ROS-scavenging and antibacterial activities for improving the microenvironment of chronic wounds
Authors: Chen Yu , Lu Weipeng , Guo Yanchuan , Xie Yuntao , Zhu Yi , Song Yeping
Published: April 2021

Multifunction gelatin/chitosan composite microspheres with ROS-scavenging and antibacterial activities for chronic wound healing.
CuS nanoparticles decorated MoS2 sheets as an efficient nanozyme for selective detection and photocatalytic degradation of hydroquinone in water
Authors: Borthakur Priyakshree , Boruah Purna K. , Das Punamshree , Das Manash R.
Published: April 2021

Cost effective and efficient CuS–MoS2 nanocomposite with enhanced peroxidase enzyme mimetics and photocatalytic activity was synthesized by simple hydrothermal method and successfully utilized for sensing and detection of toxic hydroquinone molecules in aqueous medium.
Metal-doped mesoporous ZrO2catalyzed chemoselective synthesis of allylic alcohols from Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes
Authors: Akinnawo Christianah Aarinola , Bingwa Ndzondelelo , Meijboom Reinout
Published: April 2021

The activity of the Cr_ZrO2catalyst is attributed to the Cr–Zr electronic interaction, which resulted in the enhanced surface acidity on ZrO2.
An air-stable, reusable Ni@Ni(OH)2nanocatalyst for CO2/bicarbonate hydrogenation to formate
Authors: Fu Xin-Pu , Peres Laurent , Esvan Jérôme , Amiens Catherine , Philippot Karine , Yan Ning
Published: April 2021

A novel foam-like Ni@Ni(OH)2composite nanomaterial, synthesized by an organometallic approach, exhibited remarkable robustness and high catalytic performance for CO2hydrogenation to formate.
1,2,3-Triazole-based sequence-defined oligomers and polymers
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Xueyan , Ding Shengtao
Published: April 2021

This review offers a summary on the advances in the construction of 1,2,3-triazole-based sequence-defined oligomers and polymers through MAAC-based ISG or IEG strategies.
Non-thermally initiated RAFT polymerization-induced self-assembly
Authors: An Nankai , Chen Xi , Yuan Jinying
Published: April 2021

This review summarizes the recent non-thermal initiation methods in RAFT mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA), including photo-, redox/oscillatory reaction-, enzyme- and ultrasound wave-initiation.
Synthesis, characterization and self-assembly of linear and miktoarm star copolymers of exclusively immiscible polydienes
Authors: Ntetsikas Konstantinos , Moschovas Dimitrios , Zapsas George , Moutsios Ioannis , Tsitoni Konstantina , Manesi Gkreti-Maria , Nabiullin Azat F. , Hadjichristidis Nikos , Ivanov Dimitri A. , Avgeropoulos Apostolos
Published: April 2021

Model linear PB1,4-b-PI3,4 and the corresponding miktoarm star copolymers PB1,4(PI3,4)n=2,3 were synthesized by anionic polymerization/selective chlorosilane chemistry, molecularly characterized and the morphological/thermal properties were reported.
Gd doped molybdenum selenide/carbon nanofibers: an excellent electrocatalyst for monitoring endogenous H2S
Authors: Jeromiyas Nithiya , Lin Chun-Mao , Yu-Chieh Lee , Chen Ching-Hui , Mani Veerappan , Arumugam Rameshkumar , Huang Sheng-Tung
Published: April 2021

Design and synthesis of Gd doped molybdenum selenide/carbon nanofibers for monitoring H2S.
Metal–organic framework based catalytic nanoreactors: synthetic challenges and applications
Authors: Dutta Soumen , Lee In Su
Published: April 2021

Catalytic nanoreactors involving chemocatalysts with diverse range of size and composition, biocatalysts, and photocatalysts within solid as well as mesoporous MOF are extremely useful for selective, efficient and stable catalytic applications.
Recent advance in the C–F bond functionalization of trifluoromethyl-containing compounds
Authors: Yan Guobing , Qiu Kaiying , Guo Ming
Published: April 2021

The C–F bond is the strongest single bond in organic compounds.
Palladium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] annulation: access to chromone fused cyclopentanones with cyclopropenone as the CO source
Authors: Zhu Wen-Qing , Fang Yu-Chen , Han Wen-Yong , Li Fei , Yang Min-Ge , Chen Yong-Zheng
Published: April 2021

A variety of chromone fused cyclopentanones are efficiently generated in good to high yields via palladium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] annulation, in which cyclopropenone was utilized for the first time as the sole CO surrogate in the carbonylation process.
CuI-mediated benzannulation of (ortho-arylethynyl)phenylenaminones to assemble α-aminonaphthalene derivatives
Authors: Jiang Wen-Nian , Zhao Qing-Lan , Cheng Wen-Shuo , Xiao Jun-An , Xiang Hao-Yue , Chen Kai , Yang Hua
Published: April 2021

A copper-mediated annulation protocol for new (ortho-arylethynyl)phenyl enaminones bearing a N,N-dimethylamine moiety was developed to facilely install a series of α-aminonaphthalene derivatives.
Auto-tandem palladium/phosphine cooperative catalysis: synthesis of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenes by selective activation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates
Authors: Wang Yue , Song Manman , Li Er-Qing , Duan Zheng
Published: April 2021

A new palladium/phosphine cooperatively catalytic sequential annulation strategy has been developed for the synthesis of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexene derivatives.
Ring opening polymerization of d,l-lactide and ε-caprolactone catalysed by (pyrazol-1-yl)copper(ii) carboxylate complexes
Authors: Appavoo Divambal , Spencer Lara C. , Guzei Ilia A. , Gómez-García Carlos J. , van Wyk Juanita L. , Darkwa James
Published: April 2021

We report the synthesis, structure and complete characterization of four new pyrazolyl carboxylate-based copper(ii) complexes that catalyze the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone under solvent-free conditions and of d,l-lactide in toluene.
Mesoporous adsorbent for competitive adsorption of fluoride ions in zinc sulfate solution
Authors: Liang Lisi , Mi Jiayu , Li Linbo , He Xihong , Guo Wenlong
Published: April 2021

Al–La hybrid gel was prepared using an innovative acid-catalyzed and calcination free sol–gel process, and showed excellent adsorption performance for fluoride ions in zinc sulfate solution.
Solvent and catalyst-free bromofunctionalization of olefins using a mechanochemical approach
Authors: Wong Jonathan , Yeung Ying-Yeung
Published: April 2021

Efficient bromofunctionalization of olefins including bromolactonization, bromocycloetherification, and intermolecular bromoesterification were achieved under solvent and catalyst-free conditions using a mechanochemical approach.
Electrochemical C–N coupling with perovskite hybrids toward efficient urea synthesis
Authors: Yuan Menglei , Chen Junwu , Bai Yiling , Liu Zhanjun , Zhang Jingxian , Zhao Tongkun , Shi Qiaona , Li Shuwei , Wang Xi , Zhang Guangjin
Published: April 2021

The local charge redistribution in BiFeO3/BiVO4 hybrids promotes the targeted adsorption and activation of inert gas molecules and guarantees the exothermic coupling of *NN* with generated CO via C–N coupling reactions to form *NCON* precursor.
Self-encapsulating Ag nanospheres in amorphous carbon: a novel ultrathin selective absorber for flexible solar-thermal conversion
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Chengbing , Yang Jinzhu , Wang Jiulong , Zhang Wenhe
Published: April 2021

Ag nanospheres encapsulated in amorphous carbon (ANEAC) multilayer solar selective absorbers (SSAs) with a whole thickness of only 130 nm, which possess impressive flexible solar-thermal conversion and outstanding mechanical robustness.
The role of uniformly distributed ZnO nanoparticles on cellulose nanofibers in flexible solid state symmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Rabani Iqra , Yoo Jeseung , Bathula Chinna , Hussain Sajjad , Seo Young-Soo
Published: April 2021

Paper—a flexible, foldable, and cost-effective substrate made of one-dimensional cellulose nanofibers (1D-CNF)—is being extensively investigated as a promising aspirant for wearable as well as foldable energy storage appliances.
High-throughput hyaluronic acid hydrogel arrays for cell selective adhesion screening
Authors: Wang Cong , Hao Hongye , Wang Jing , Xue Yunfan , Huang Junjie , Ren Kefeng , Ji Jian
Published: April 2021

Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel array with an orthogonal gradient of RGD and YIGSR density was generated through thiol-norbornene click chemistry and optimized peptide combinations for cell selective adhesion were screened out.
Alkoxy functionalized benzothiadiazole based donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers for organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Comí Marc , Patra Dhananjaya , Yang Rui , Chen Zhihui , Harbuzaru Alexandra , Wubulikasimu Yiming , Banerjee Sarbajit , Ponce Ortiz Rocío , Liu Yao , Al-Hashimi Mohammed
Published: April 2021

Benzothiadiazole (BT) and its derivatives have been widely used as strong acceptors for enhancing π-stacking and improving the charge carrier transport properties in optoelectronic applications.
Depletion of mitochondrial inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) in mammalian cells causes metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis
Authors: Solesio Maria E. , Xie Lihan , McIntyre Brendan , Ellenberger Mathew , Mitaishvili Erna , Bhadra-Lobo Siddharth , Bettcher Lisa F. , Bazil Jason N. , Raftery Daniel , Jakob Ursula , Pavlov Evgeny V.
Published: April 2021

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a linear polymer composed of up to a few hundred orthophosphates linked together by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds, identical with those found in ATP. In mammalian mitochondria, polyP has been implicated in multiple processes, including energy metabolism, ion channels function, and the regulation of calcium signaling. However, the specific mechanisms of all these effects of polyP within the organelle remain poorly understood. The central goal of this study was to investigate how mitochondrial polyP participates in the regulation of the mammalian cellular energy metabolism. To accomplish this, we created HEK293 cells depleted of mitochondrial polyP, through the stable expression of the polyP hydrolyzing enzyme (scPPX). We found that these cells have significantly reduced rates of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), while their rates of glycolysis were elevated. Consistent with this, metabolomics assays confirmed increased levels of metabolites involved in glycolysis in these cells, compared with the wild-type samples. At the same time, key respiratory parameters of the isolated mitochondria were unchanged, suggesting that respiratory chain activity is not affected by the lack of mitochondrial polyP. However, we detected that mitochondria from cells that lack mitochondrial polyP are more fragmented when compared with those from wild-type cells. Based on these results, we propose that mitochondrial polyP plays an important role as a regulator of the metabolic switch between OXPHOS and glycolysis.
Plasmodium falciparum Atg18 localizes to the food vacuole via interaction with the multi-drug resistance protein 1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate
Authors: Sudhakar Renu , Das Divya , Thanumalayan Subramanian , Gorde Somesh , Sijwali Puran Singh
Published: April 2021

Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradative process, does not appear to be a major degradative process in malaria parasites and has a limited repertoire of genes. To better understand the autophagy process, we investigated Plasmodium falciparum Atg18 (PfAtg18), a PROPPIN family protein, whose members like S. cerevisiae Atg18 (ScAtg18) and human WIPI2 bind PI3P and play an essential role in autophagosome formation. Wild type and mutant PfAtg18 were expressed in P. falciparum and assessed for localization, the effect of various inhibitors and antimalarials on PfAtg18 localization, and identification of PfAtg18-interacting proteins. PfAtg18 is expressed in asexual erythrocytic stages and localized to the food vacuole, which was also observed with other Plasmodium Atg18 proteins, indicating that food vacuole localization is likely a shared feature. Interaction of PfAtg18 with the food vacuole-associated PI3P is essential for localization, as PfAtg18 mutants of PI3P-binding motifs neither bound PI3P nor localized to the food vacuole. Interestingly, wild type ScAtg18 interacted with PI3P, but its expression in P. falciparum showed complete cytoplasmic localization, indicating additional requirement for food vacuole localization. The food vacuole multi-drug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) was consistently identified in the immunoprecipitates of PfAtg18 and P. berghei Atg18, and also interacted with PfAtg18. In contrast with PfAtg18, ScAtg18 did not interact with MDR1, which, in addition to PI3P, could play a critical role in localization of PfAtg18. Chloroquine and amodiaquine caused cytoplasmic localization of PfAtg18, suggesting that these target PfAtg18 transport pathway. Thus, PI3P and MDR1 are critical mediators of PfAtg18 localization.
Unlocking immune-mediated disease mechanisms with transcriptomics
Authors: de Jong Emma , Bosco Anthony
Published: April 2021

The transcriptome represents the entire set of RNA transcripts expressed in a cell, reflecting both the underlying genetic and epigenetic landscape and environmental influences, providing a comprehensive view of functional cellular states at any given time. Recent technological advances now enable the study of the transcriptome at the resolution of individual cells, providing exciting opportunities to characterise cellular and molecular events that underpin immune-medicated diseases. Here, we draw on recent examples from the literature to highlight the application of advanced bioinformatics tools to extract mechanistic insight and disease biology from bulk and single-cell transcriptomic profiles. Key considerations for the use of available analysis techniques are presented throughout.
The emerging roles of semaphorin4D/CD100 in immunological diseases
Authors: Wang Liu , Li Xiangfen , Song Yao , Song Dongzhe , Huang Dingming
Published: April 2021

In vertebrates, the semaphorin family of proteins is composed of 21 members that are divided into five subfamilies, i.e. classes 3 to 7. Semaphorins play crucial roles in regulating multiple biological processes, such as neural remodeling, tissue regeneration, cancer progression, and, especially, in immunological regulation. Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D), also known as CD100, is an important member of the semaphorin family and was first characterized as a lymphocyte-specific marker. SEMA4D has diverse effects on immunologic processes, including immune cell proliferation, differentiation, activation, and migration, through binding to its specific membrane receptors CD72, PLXNB1, and PLXNB2. Furthermore, SEMA4D and its underlying signaling have been increasingly linked with several immunological diseases. This review focuses on the significant immunoregulatory role of SEMA4D and the associated underlying mechanisms, as well as the potential application of SEMA4D as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for the treatment of immunological diseases.
Dynamics of bacterial adaptation
Authors: Lai Huei-Yi , Cooper Tim F.
Published: April 2021

Determining pattern in the dynamics of population evolution is a long-standing focus of evolutionary biology. Complementing the study of natural populations, microbial laboratory evolution experiments have become an important tool for addressing these dynamics because they allow detailed and replicated analysis of evolution in response to controlled environmental and genetic conditions. Key findings include a tendency for smoothly declining rates of adaptation during selection in constant environments, at least in part a reflection of antagonism between accumulating beneficial mutations, and a large number of beneficial mutations available to replicate populations leading to significant, but relatively low genetic parallelism, even as phenotypic characteristics show high similarity. Together, there is a picture of adaptation as a process with a varied and largely unpredictable genetic basis leading to much more similar phenotypic outcomes. Increasing sophistication of sequencing and genetic tools will allow insight into mechanisms behind these and other patterns.
Neuroanatomical Correlates of Macrolinguistic Aspects in Narrative Discourse in Unilateral Left and Right Hemisphere Stroke: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study
Authors: Schneider Fernanda , Marcotte Karine , Brisebois Amelie , Townsend Sabrine Amaral Martins , Smidarle Anderson Dick , Loureiro Fernanda , da Rosa Franco Alexandre , Soder Ricardo Bernardi , Nikolaev Alexandre , Marrone Luiz Carlos Porcello , Hübner Lilian Cristine
Published: April 2021

Background

A growing body of literature has demonstrated the importance of discourse assessment in patients who suffered from brain injury, both in the left and right hemispheres, as discourse represents a key component of functional communication. However, little is known about the relationship between gray matter density and macrolinguistic processing.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate this relationship in a group of participants with middle–low to low socioeconomic status.

Method

Twenty adults with unilateral left hemisphere (n= 10) or right hemisphere (n= 10) chronic ischemic stroke and 10 matched (age, education, and socioeconomic status) healthy controls produced three oral narratives based on sequential scenes. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was conducted using structural magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Compared to healthy controls, the left hemisphere group showed cohesion impairments, whereas the right hemisphere group showed impairments in coherence and in producing macropropositions. Cohesion positively correlated with gray matter density in the right primary sensory area (PSA)/precentral gyrus and the pars opercularis. Coherence, narrativity, and index of lexical informativeness were positively associated with the left PSA/insula and the superior temporal gyrus. Macropropositions were mostly related to the left PSA/insula and superior temporal gyrus, left cingulate, and right primary motor area/insula.

Discussion

Overall, the present results suggest that both hemispheres are implicated in macrolinguistic processes in narrative discourse. Further studies including larger samples and with various socioeconomic status should be conducted.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14347550
Analysis on start up and heat transfer performance of mercury heat pipe under alternating heating power
Authors: Hu Chongju , Zhang Xiuxiang , Wang Hongyan , Wu Bo , Zhang Pinghua
Published: April 2021

Heat pipe may be affected by the high temperature heat source during operation, resulting in unsteady oscillation heating. In this paper, the influence of alternating power and period on the start-up and heat transfer performance of mercury heat pipe is studied by using the method of equivalent thermal resistance of heat pipe. The results are as follows:1) The start-up time of alternating power heating and steady-state power heating is basically equal; 2) For the alternating power heating, the steady-state temperature of heat pipe changes periodically, increasing the alternating period or the amplitude of alternating power will lead to the increase of the fluctuation amplitude of heat pipe temperature, and the influence of alternating period is greater than that of changing the amplitude of alternating power. 3) Under the condition of alternating power heating, the steady-state thermal resistance of heat pipe changes periodically. The fluctuation amplitude of steady-state thermal resistance of heat pipe increases with the increase of alternating period and alternating power amplitude, and the influence of alternating power amplitude is greater than that of alternating period.
Economy and Environmental Analysis of Various Tower Foundation Types
Authors: Liu Yaqiong , Cui Wanfu , Xin Cheng , Ji Kailin
Published: April 2021

Due to increasing environmental problems, more attention of environmental protections is attracted by infrastructure projects. Electricity as an important infrastructure, the environmental analysis of the projects will be a vital part in future preliminary preparation of power grid constructions. Meantime, the economy of the projects is the cornerstone of the company. Therefore, the balance of the economy and environmental costs is significant for executions of the projects. Thus, the paper is focused on discovering the relationship of economy and environmental analysis of various tower foundation types. The environmental analysis contains environmental damage costs, carbon dioxide emissions from construction materials and machinery during construction. Then, the costs and tons of carbon dioxide emissions are compared in same conditions. The conclusion of the paper is that the overall trend is that economy and total carbon emissions show a large positive correlation, and there is no large correlation between economy and environmental damage costs.
Impact of county-scale land use change on the value of ecosystem services: A case study in Nanping, Fujian, China
Authors: Zhao LiLi
Published: April 2021

With the changing behavior of land use by explosive population growth, the ecological environment is constantly disturbed and destroyed by humans, and the value of ecosystem services is obviously degraded. After the introduction of the national new-type urbanization plan, counties have become the key areas to promote new-type urbanization, and county land use is exceptionally active. Therefore, it is especially urgent to grasp the impact of county land use changes on ecosystem service values. Based on remote sensing satellite image interpretation to obtain county land use classification data, the changes of ecosystem service values in County between 1995 and 2015 were thoroughly explored. The research results show that the total value of ecosystem services has increased in most regions during the 20 years, among which, the service value of Shunchang County has increased most significantly. In terms of the service values of different land use types in each region, woodland is the main contributor to ecological services in different regions. From different time periods, Jian’ou City had the highest value of woodland ecosystem services in 1995 and 2015. In contrast, Songxi County had a lower value of services for each ecosystem type during 20 years.
Experimental study on acidification effect of tailing sand
Authors: Chen Wenzhao , Yang Kai , Fan Jiaqing , Liu Xiqi , Wei Xiaoqing
Published: April 2021

Sulfide minerals (mainly FeS2) contained in lead-zinc tailings are easy to be acidified in the air. The acidification mechanism is that the tailing sand generates sulfuric acid and sulfate under the catalysis of oxidant, water and oxygen. The acidic liquid generated by the reaction will continue to react with metal oxides to form an insoluble precipitate.In order to reveal the corresponding changes of chemical properties and physical properties of lead-zinc tailing sand during acidification, a series of reaction processes of tailings under natural conditions were simulated by immersion test in laboratory.It is found through the test that with the deepening of acidification, the coarse particles of tailing sand dissolve, resulting in the decrease of iron concentration in the compound, the increase of fine particles, the increase of specific surface area, the decrease of surface friction and occlusion friction between particles, resulting in the decrease of internal friction angle, and the decrease of the safety of tailings dam. words.
Research on High-strength Flexible Insulation Rod of Ultra High Voltage Live Working
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Xiang Yun , Yi Ziqi , He Longfei , Chen Mingjie , Li Peng
Published: April 2021

Insulation pull rods are commonly used tools and instruments in the replacement of insulators for live work. Traditional hard insulated pull rods are difficult to transport and assemble due to their large deflection, especially due to the long and heavy weight of insulated pull rods used in UHV live operations, the difficulties in the above links are more obvious. In view of the existing problems in the use of the existing insulated pull rods, by studying the overall processing type, the soft pull rod weaving process, the technology of tightly combining the core rod and the protective cover, the technology of connecting the core rod and the metal, etc., a new type suitable for live transmission lines has been developed. Large-tonnage soft insulated pull rod for operation. Effectively solve a series of problems caused by the large deflection of the hard insulated pull rod.
Adsorption of Cr(VI) from wastewater by iron-modified coconut shell biochar
Authors: Bu Jiangping , Li Wenyu , Niu Ning , Guo Ning , Zhou Hao , Chen Cheng , Ding Aifang
Published: April 2021

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of raw and Fe-modified coconut shell biochar on the adsorption of Cr(VI) in the wastewater. Fe-modified biochar was obtained from the impregnation with FeNO3 solutions and the surface functional groups of two biochars were examined by infrared spectrometer.The result showed that the Fe-modified biochar had lower abundance of the surface functional groups than that of raw biochar, and had the group of Fe-O.The removal rate of Cr(VI) increased by 94.89% compared with the raw biochar because of existing of the group of Fe-O . The removal rate of Cr(VI) by modified biochar could reach more than 99.0% when the concentration of Cr(VI) was 12μg/ mL, pH 4.0, adsorbent dosage was 0.2g and adsorption time was 2h.
Study on Stress Corrosion Characteristics of Drill Rod Joint Under Mechanical Effects
Authors: Zhang Youzhen , zhong Zicheng , Mou Peiying , Shao Junjie , Zhang Ning
Published: April 2021

Thanks to the complex underground environment that coal mines enjoy, drill rods for mining are vulnerable to corrosion during operation. To investigate the impact of the corrosion defects on the residual intensity of the drill rod, a relational expression of stress versus corrosion rate in the conditions of uniform and local corrosions is deduced based on the theory on mechanochemical effects; building on this, a spherical corrosion defect is developed in the joint of a φ73 mm drill rod while it is exerted with a make-up torque, an axial force and a bending moment. So it is found that, when the corrosion defect is under pressure, the bending moment plays a certain role to inhibit its increase, however when it is under tension, the bending moment plays the role to drive its increase so as to quicken its corrosion rate while the impact of the change in the corrosion detect depth is much greater than that of the radius. The result from the research provides a basis to evaluate the residual intensity of the drill rod and theoretical basis to protect drill rods from corrosion.
Adaptive Control Strategy of VSG Based on Improved Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Tian Zhen , Fu Xiaojin , Lv Jing , Zhu Hongyan
Published: April 2021

In order to solve the problem that the frequency stability of power system is threatened due to inertia and damping reduction. In this paper, an adaptive control strategy of virtual synchronous generator based on improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with physical process is proposed. This method takes into account the static and dynamic performance of the system, and in the face of small disturbances, it can adjust the moment of inertia and damping in a planned way and reduce the search range of the moment of inertia, thereby reducing the frequency deviation and speeding up the end of the transition process.
Optimization of green and low-carbon concept in prefabricated building design
Authors: Yang Hongxiong , Yue Yongli
Published: April 2021

Prefabricated building, as a representative of modern architecture, has been vigorously promoted, and the traditional problems of large on-site labor and long construction period have been well solved. At present, the development focus of prefabricated building has shifted to the stage of low-carbon, environmental protection, green and energy-saving sustainable development. Whether green and low-carbon design is considered in the planning and design stage has the greatest impact on the whole life cycle of the building. Therefore, this paper mainly summarizes the concept and importance of green and low-carbon building design; The paper points out the embodiment of green and low-carbon concept in prefabricated building design; And how to calculate the carbon emission in the design stage; In view of the prefabricated building design stage to achieve a better green low-carbon state of optimization countermeasures.
PMSM low voltage ride through based on Coordinated Control Strategy
Authors: Zhaopeng Zhang , Dongnan Suo
Published: April 2021

Based on the analysis of the operation characteristics of the fault of direct-drive permanent magnet wind turbine and the existing protection strategies, in order to improve the low-voltage operation capability of direct-drive permanent magnet wind turbine, a new coordinated control strategy for low-voltage crossing is proposed in this paper, which includes DC brake system control of unloading circuit, double second-order generalized integral phase-locked control, extracting positive and negative sequence of grid voltage and reactive power control on grid side. Based on the common three-phase symmetrical drop fault and asymmetrical fault caused by single grounding short circuit in power grid, PASCAD simulation experiment is conducted to verify the low voltage traversing ability of wind turbine.
Design of Remote Driving Wheeled Robot
Authors: Zhang Yumeng , Wang Zhuoer , Zhao Zhongyu
Published: April 2021

With the continuous advancement of high technology such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, modern sensing, information fusion, communication and automatic control, the development speed of unmanned vehicles will continue to accelerate, and the acceptance and demand of unmanned, vehicles will also gradually promoted. Although unmanned vehicles have not yet been widely promoted, their applicable fields are gradually emerging. Transportation, logistics, environmental sanitation, and security inspections will be its main application areas. This project intends to design and produce an unmanned vehicle based on embedded systems and the Internet of Things, and add a machine vision system to enable it to complete the required operations in different scenarios. In order to complete the operation requirements in different scenarios, the unmanned vehicle designed in this project can realize the remote control of the car to complete forward, backward, and steering actions through a driving simulator.
Analysis of coordinated control of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei smog based on evolutionary game theory
Authors: Qing-min Yuan , Xin Tan
Published: April 2021

Based on the perspective of ecological compensation and ecological claims, this paper analyzes the stability of Beijing Tianjin Hebei haze governance alliance by using asymmetric evolutionary game model, and obtains the optimal strategy combination. The results show that: a reasonable ecological compensation standard is very important for enterprises to adopt energy-saving and emission reduction strategies. Only when the total value of ecological claims in the two places is higher than the cost of energy-saving and emission reduction, enterprises will adopt energy-saving and emission reduction strategies, and the implementation of energy-saving and emission reduction strategies will not be shaken by the amount of ecological compensation.
Measurement and analysis of cooling (heat) performance of renewable energy technology projects based on ground source heat pump systems
Authors: Chang Cuiqing
Published: April 2021

The design, configuration and operation of the soil-source heat pump system in four actual projects are monitored, collected and investigated. Combined with various test parameters of the project, the energy efficiency of the ground source heat pump system was compared and measured, and detailed data analysis was conducted from the aspects of heat exchange of ground source heat pump system, heat efficiency coefficient of ground source heat pump system, performance of ground source heat pump unit and performance of soil source heat pump system. It provides a basis for the formulation of operation strategy of soil-source heat pump system in the future, so as to serve the sustainable development of energy saving technology of shallow soil-source heat pump system.