bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Ideologi Pendidikan Matematika pada Pendidikan Guru Penggerak
Authors: Panjaitan Sorta Corie Ivana , Dewi Izwita , Simamora Elmanani
Published: December 2023

Peran penting guru dalam pendidikan mendasari Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan Riset dan Teknologi mengeluarkan Program Guru Penggerak pada episode ke-5 Merdeka Belajar. Matematika sebagai mata pelajaran yang diajarkan pada peserta didik dari tingkat paling menengah sampai pada perguruan tinggi memerlukan guru atau pendidik yang handal dan profesional. Filosofi atau Ideologi matematika menyadarkan guru untuk menjadi lebih profesional. Guru yang  memahami asal usul maupun metode pengembangan Ideologi Pendidikan secara khusus pendidikan matematika akan mampu mempersiapkan diri memberikan pembelajaran yang lebih baik di kelas. Melihat bagaimana implementasi ideologi Pendidikan Matematika pada Program Pendidikan Guru Penggerak, lebih spesifik pada materi-materi pendidikan dan latihan yang diterima saat mengikuti pendidikan guru penggerak,  secara epistemologi dan etis semakin mengokohkan pandangan setiap guru terkhusus guru matematika diharapkan mengikuti program guru penggerak untuk menjadi lebih profesional pada bidangnya. Ideologi Pancasila sejalan dengan Ideologi Pendidikan Matematika Progressive Educator dan Public Educator.
RNA codons govern the mechanism of protein folding through the shape memory effect
Authors: Hou Pin Yoong
Published: December 2023

The complex protein folding mechanism had been researched during the past half-century, given its potential to offer cures for illnesses caused by viruses and protein misfolding. However, to date, the work remains inadequately successful and mastered, provoking the question of whether researchers are looking at the wrong place for the answer. Specifically, can RNA codons define the protein folding mechanism? This review will first present existing mechanisms for protein folding and their limitations. Then, the logic and evidence supporting the use of a protein folding mechanism governed by RNA codons will be presented. This paper explains protein folding as a shape-memory phenomenon wherein the protein chain memorises the native folded structure. Under the right chemical environment, the protein chain will fold back into its native memorised structure. The RNA codon is the imprint for the natively folded protein shape memory, responsible for programming the native folded structure shape memory onto the protein chain.
Design, cloning and expression of a synthetic gene encoding a grouper iridovirus major capsid protein
Authors: Fernandes Opook  , Teoh Peik Lin  , BALU ALAGAR VENMATHI MARAN  , Kenneth F. Rodrigues
Published: December 2023

Synthetic biology approaches can be adopted to successfully redesign, clone and express recalcitrant proteins from viruses in a bacterial expression system. The grouper iridovirus major capsid proteins (GI-MCP) is a surface coat protein which has the potential for application as an antigen for the development of vaccines which confer immunity against GI. The native amino acid coding region of the GI-MCP does not lend itself to expression in the Escherichia coli (BL21) (DE3) platform due to the presence of internal motifs which represent the start and stop codons as well as secondary structures. This manuscript reports on the redesigning, cloning and expression of a synthetic GI-MCP in E. coli. The native GI-MCP protein coding region was retrieved from the NCBI GenBank. The sequence was codon optimized, internal start and stop codons were modified and potential secondary structures were resolved. Both the native and modified GI-MCP coding DNA sequences were synthesized and ligated onto an expression plasmid, pET22b (+) followed by transformation, cloning and expression in E. coli (BL21) (DE3). Induction of protein expression was carried out at 12°C, 20°C and 37°C to assess protein solubility. The gene encoding the native GI-MCP failed to express under any of the culture conditions, however, the modified synthetic gene encoding the GI-MCP expressed the recombinant iridovirus coat protein (rGI-MCP) under all the conditions. Gene design and synthesis offer an ideal solution for the recombinant expression of viral proteins in bacterial expression systems for the industrial production of viral antigens.
Optimization of lipid production by locally isolated Rhodotorula toruloides using response surface methodology
Authors: Imelda Geoffrey  , Grace Joy Chin Wei Lie  , Mailin Misson
Published: December 2023

Biodiesel has received increasing interest as green and sustainable fuel replacing the depleting fossil-based diesel. Oleaginous yeast has been known able to produce lipids as biodiesel feedstock during nutrient limitation. Recently, an oleaginous yeast identified as Rhodotorula toruloides was successfully isolated from a highly acidic runoff water sample. This study was conducted to evaluate and optimize the lipid production of the Rhodotorula toruloides using response surface methodology. Sudan test was conducted to evaluate the lipid production by the yeast qualitatively. A central composite experimental design was adopted to optimize pH, temperature and C/N ratio for lipid production. The interaction of the process variables was studied. The Sudan test demonstrated colour changes that occurred on media containing yeast, indicating its ability to produce lipids at all tested parameters. Statistical data analysis showed a high coefficient of determination (R2) determined at 0.9183 with a predicted optimum lipid yield of 5.6% produced at pH 5.6, 27.7°C and a C/N ratio of 107.29. The optimized conditions for the yeast were further tested and the resulting observed lipid yield was 7.7%. The finding of this study provides insightful knowledge for the large-scale production of microbial oil using oleaginous yeast.
Evaluation of antioxidant activity and total phenolics of selected mangrove plants in Sabah
Authors: Mohd Mokhtar Ruzaidi Azli , Misrah Mayrlidzatul Farhain , Kansil Tamar , Amin Zarina , Yusof Nur Athirah , Budiman Cahyo
Published: December 2023

In recent years, research on medicinal plants has attracted much attention due to their wide range of pharmacological significance. Mangroves are biochemically unique, producing a wide array of natural products with unique bioactivity due to their abilityto survive in stressful conditions of high salinity, and low air humidity as well as strong variations therein. Six species of mangrove (Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Rhizohora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata and Xylocarpus granatum)from different parts of the leaves, stem and roots were extracted successively with ethanol and water. This study aims to measure quantitatively the total phenolic content and assess the radical scavenging activity of the 26 mangrove extracts. All the extractswere subjected to the Follin-Ciocalteu assay for their phenolic content and the DPPH scavenging assay for the antioxidant activity respectively. Based on the results, the highest phenolic content was observed in ethanol extracts of C. tagal leaves (471.78 ± 0.056 mgGAE/g) while the lowest amount of phenolic was observed in water extract of A. marina root (20.40 ± 0.001 mgGAE/g). Interestingly, the ethanolic extract of C. tagal leaves also exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 9.37 ppm. Among the six species investigated, C. tagal leaves extracts showed high total phenolic content and strong antioxidant activities and may be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants against free radical-associated diseases.
Effects of light on phytochemical contents of Brassica rapa under controlled environments
Authors: Saapilin Nurul Sakinah , Wilson Thau Lym Yong  , Khairul Azfar bin Kamaruzaman  , Kenneth Francis Rodrigues
Published: December 2023

Plant growth is predominantly influenced by light, and light intensity is manipulated in indoor farming to allow for mass production. The light-emitting diode (LED) is the most practical artificial light, capable of improving crop quality and making indoor agriculturalsystems more sustainable. Despite their consistent growth under artificial light, little is known about how light intensities and spectrums affect secondary metabolites in commonly grown Brassica species. This study aimed to compare the metabolite profiles of Brassica rapa (Chinese cabbage) grown under natural light to those grown under different artificial light intensities and spectrums using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Although the biochemical composition of B. rapa was comparable under varied light conditions, exposure to magenta and red spectrums produced neophytadiene and myristic acid, respectively, whereas exposure to natural light produced squalene and sulfurous acid. Neophytadiene and myristic acid are antioxidants and flavour enhancers, respectively; whereas squalene and sulphurous acid are involved in odour production and function as disinfectants in plants. As a result, these findings add to our understanding of how light conditions can be controlled to improve the growth and biochemical composition of B. rapa, thereby enhancing the palatability of indoor farming.
Phytochemical screening and wound healing effect of Alocasia longiloba Miq. petiole ethanolic extract and its fractions in excision wound rat model
Authors: Nurul Hazirah Che Hamzah  , Arifullah Mohammed  , Kuttulebbai Naina Mohamed Salam Sirajudin  , Zulhazman Hamzah  , Lee Seong Wei
Published: December 2023

Alocasia longiloba Miq., or ‘keladi candik’ is traditionally used for wound healing in Malaysia. Preliminary studies have been performed to determine the dose range of A. longiloba for potential wound healing. Therefore, this study continues to determinethe phytochemical screening of fractions and their ability in accelerating wound healing. Ethanol crude extract of A. longiloba and its fractions of hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate was prepared and used for phytochemical screening and wound healing formulation. Seven groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 3) were experimentally wounded in the dorsal area for 12 days. Group I was left untreated, Group II was dressed in petroleum jelly as the vehicle group, Group III was treated with Solcoseryl jelly 10% as the positive drug, and the rest of the groups were dressed with respective formulations at 6% concentration. The wound area was photographed and measured, and the histological examinations of granulation tissues were examined. The phytochemical screening of chloroform fraction shows an abundance of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, which are considered responsible for wound healing activity. The chloroform fraction proved more effective, showing a significant percentage of wound contraction (p<0.05) compared to the negative and vehicle control groups. Moreover, histological observation of wounds treated with chloroform fraction of A. longiloba showed an organized epithelial layer, fewer blood vessels, and dense collagen fibres comparable with normal rat skin.
Biodegradability Properties of Polyurethane Film Made from Eucalyptus pellita Wood Polyol
Authors: Nurul Hazwani Abd Hilmi  , Valeritta Lodin  , Melissa Sharmah Gilbert Jesuet
Published: December 2023

The properties of polyurethane (PU) film are greatly influenced not only by the raw materials but also by the compatibility of polyol and isocyanate. This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of the isocyanate index (NCO/OH ratio) on the biodegradability properties of Eucalyptus pellita PU film. E. pellita wood polyol and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) were mixed at different NCO/OH ratios (1.8 – 3.0). The PU film was produced through the one-shot method. The effect of the NCO/OH ratio on the biodegradability properties of PU film was evaluated. The rate of biodegradation of PU film by soil burial test decreases proportionally to the NCO/OH ratio. The biodegradation rate is the highest (14.02%) when the NCO/OH ratio is the lowest (1.8). The results of water solubility showed that PU films with low NCO/OH ratios are easily soluble in water. The band associated with the ester compound was detected at nearly 1,060 cm−1. Based on the findings of this study, increasing the NCO/OH ratio made the PU film from E. pellita less degradable. Therefore, lowering the NCO/OH ratio is an ideal option to produce films with better biodegradability.
Comparison of Short Term In-Hospital Outcomes in patients presenting with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Versus Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Khan Masood , Shabbir Muhammad , Shabbir Aneela , Paiker Sarwat , Hussain Zahid , Siddiqui Arif , Azad Naseem , Kamran Javeria
Published: December 2023

Objective: To compare the short term in-hospital outcomes in patients presenting with acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI).
Study Design: Comparative Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Adult cardiology department of tertiary care center, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Aug 2022 to Feb 2023.
Methodology: A sample of 323 patients of acute STEMI and NSTEMI were enrolled. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled through non-probability consecutive sampling. Patients were divided into two groups. The data of short term in hospital outcomes was recorded. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version-26:00. Chi-square and t-test were used to find association and mean difference of study variables between study groups.
Results: Out of total 317 patients, males were 262(82.6%) and females were 55(17.4%)) with an average age of 63.34±8.96 years in the study. 139(43.8%) patients had Diabetes Mellitus, 146(46.1%) were hypertensive and 73(23.0%) were smokers. 198(62.5%) patients had STEMI and 119(37.5%) had NSTEMI. Mortality within hospital was found in 10(3.2%) patients. There were significant findings with age (p<0.001), gender (p<0.001), diabetes (p=0.01), pulmonary edema (p=0.01) and severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction (LVD) (p<0.001). Higher in-hospital mortality rate was noted in NSTEMI group, i.e. 5(4.2%) compared to STEMI 5(2.5%), but the findings were statistically insignificant (p=0.40).
Conclusion: There was no meaningful distinction between the two groups' immediate outcomes. Although patients with NSTEMI had relatively higher complication rates and in-hospital mortality, and patients with STEMI had better short-term outcomes, suggesting that patients with NSTEMI may also require immediate medical attention.
Comparing the Effect of Perioperative Amiodarone and Magnesium Sulphate Combination with Magnesium Sulphate for Prevention of Cardiac Dysrhythmias in Open Heart Surgeries: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Umar , Bashir Imran , Younis Fazeela , Kirmani Syed Muzaffar Hasan , Alam Waqas , Shah Syed Ali Raza Ali , Sana Ayesha , Kamran Javeria
Published: December 2023

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of combining Magnesium Sulphate with Amiodarone vs Magnesium Sulphate to prevent cardiac arrhythmias in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) patients.
Study Design: Quasi-Experimental Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2022 to Mar 2023.
Methodology: Two hundred and sixty-two (n=262) Coronary Artery Bypass Graft patients, eligible for the study, wereenrolled through consecutive sampling and divided into group A - experiment group (3 mg/kg amiodarone+30 mg/kg magnesium sulphate was given, n1=131) and group B- control group (30 mg/kg magnesium sulphate was given, n2=131) by non-random allocation lottery method at the removal of the aortic cross-clamp. The statistical package for social science, SPSS version 26:00 was used to analyse the data. Mean±SD was calculated for continuous variables whereas for categorical variables, percentages and frequencies were calculated. Chi-square test was utilized to find the association and student t-test was applied to find the mean difference between the study groups.
Results: Study participants consisted of 194(74.1%) males and 68(26.0%) females. The patients' mean age was 57.29±9.88 years and 58.30±10.69 years respectively, in group-A and group-B. The frequency of pre and post-operative cardiac dysrhythmias was considerably different in both groups. In group-A, 22(16.7%) patients developed dysrhythmias, while in control group,dysrhythmias occurred in 49 (37.4%) patients (p-value <0.001).
Conclusion: Combined prophylactic therapy with amiodarone and magnesium sulphate significantly reduced the per and post-operative dysrhythmias in CABG surgeries.
Dose of Protamine for Heparin Reversal in CABG Surgery
Authors: Shah Syed Ali Raza Ali , Naqvi Syeda Sarah , Kirmani Syed Muzaffar Hasan , Hussain Syed Aqeel , Malik Imran Bashir , Farooq Muhammad Umar
Published: December 2023

Objective: To determine the dose of Protamine required for reversal of Heparin effect in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG).
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Adult Cardiac Surgery Unit, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from May to Dec 2022.
Methodology: Total 382 patients were included in this study through consecutive sampling and were divided into two groups (n=191 participants in each group). After induction of anesthesia, baseline Activated Clotting Time (ACT) was measured. About 300units/kg of unfractionated Heparin was given non-randomly before establishing Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB). After termination of CPB, Protamine was administered in doses of 1 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg to Group-A and Group-B respectively. Protamine was diluted in 20ml of saline, and administered at a rate of 100ml/hr. Once Protamine was administered, blood sample was taken after 5min for ACT measurement. If this ACT was within 10% of baseline, it was taken as sign for reversal of Heparin effect. Student t-test and Chi-square test were applied to compare the groups and level of significance taken was p<0.05.
Results: Majority cases were males 287(75.1%), whereas 95(24.9%) were females. Statistically significant mean differences were noted between Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) time, ACT after Protamine administration, and requirement for extra Protamine administration between two groups (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were noted between age, weight and ACT before Heparin administration .... 
Conclusion: Classical doses of 3mg/kg of Protamine in CABG patients may actually be exposing patients to higher than required ..........
Left Atrial Reduction Plasty and Sinus Rhythm Restoration in patients undergoing Mitral Valve Surgery with Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ali Nasir , Nawaz Atif , Chaudhry Imtiaz Ahmed , Asghar Muhammad Imran , Hussain Syed Aqeel , Masroor Rehan , Khan Muhammad Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Objective: To assess outcome of Left Atrial reduction plasty and sinus rhythm restoration in patients undergoing Mitral valve surgery with chronic Atrial Fibrillation.
Study Design: Longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Adult Cardiac Surgery Unit, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan 2017-Jun 2022.
Methodology: Thirty three (n=33) patients with mitral valve disease were recruited via convenience sampling, all of whom exhibited an enlarged left atrium and pre-operative Atrial Fibrillation (AF). Pre-operative cardiac evaluations were performed using Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE). Pre- and post-surgery trans-esophageal echocardiography studies were conducted as a routine procedure. Follow-up echocardiographic assessments were carried out at intervals of 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, alongside Electrocardiograms (ECGs). During surgery, median sternotomy was done. Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) time was established followed by cardiac arrest. After Mitral valve Repair/Replacement (MVR), Left Atrial (LA) plication was done by a double needle.
Results: Out of thirty three (n=33) patients, 25(75.7%) females and 8(24.2%) male patients, with mean age of 44.3±15.5 years, underwent mitral valve surgery(repair/replacement) followed by LA reduction & sinus rhythm restoration procedure. Complete restoration of sinus rhythm with re-appearance of “a” wave on echocardiography, signifying LA transport function through mitral valve was observed in 31(93.9%) patients on 3rd month and only 1(3.0%) individual continued to have persistent AF after 6 months. (83.70±2.50 mm vs. 47.50±1.08 mm) (p<0.001)..................
Conclusion: Left atrial reduction by “Plication technique” followed by “Diathermy Fulguration” as a part of mitral valve surgery has yielded ...............
Clinical usefulness of procalcitonin/albumin and blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratios for the early detection of bacteremia
Authors: Pyo Sang Shin , Yoon Dae Wui , Kim Hyunjung , Chae Hiun Suk , Lee Hae Kyung
Published: December 2023

Background: Early prediction of bacteremia is important because sepsis may develop if bacteremia is not treated in time. We aimed to determine whether blood tests are clinically useful in predicting gram-negative versus gram-positive bacteremia. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 16,569 patients who underwent blood culture testing among those who visited St. Mary’s Hospital of Uijeongbu, Catholic University from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. After excluding 15,580 patients with insufficient data for analysis, the total study population was 989. Results: In the multivariable logistic regression analysis for gram-negative bacteremia, after adjusting for major variables, procalcitonin (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, P < 0.001), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR 1.03, P = 0.010), and albumin (OR 0.55, P = 0.010) were significant. In the same model, lactic acid (OR 1.08, P = 0.010), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (OR 1.02, P = 0.010), and albumin (OR 0.50, P = 0.005) were significant for gram-positive bacteremia. We constructed blood indicators by combining blood tests that were significant in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Comparing the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve, the AUC of the procalcitonin/albumin ratio in gramnegative bacteremia was significantly higher than that of procalcitonin (0.846 vs. 0.837, P = 0.005), and the AUC of the BUN/albumin ratio in gram-positive bacteremia was significantly higher than that of BUN (0.709 vs. 0.679, P = 0.007). Conclusion: The procalcitonin/albumin ratio is expected to be helpful in the early prediction of gram-negative bacteremia, whereas the BUN/albumin ratio in the early prediction of gram-positive bacteremia.
Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and antimicrobial resistance of group A streptococci infections
Authors: Kim Sunjoo
Published: December 2023

Group A streptococci (GAS) cause diverse diseases ranging from mild to severe illnesses, and the global burden of GAS infections is enormous. Serological typing has been replaced by emm genotyping for the epidemiological study of GAS. Acute bacterial pharyngitis is a common illness, which requires either throat culture or rapid Ag test for diagnosis. Moreover, molecular point-of-care tests have been introduced owing to their higher sensitivity. Optimal diagnosis of bacterial pharyngitis is necessary for the adequate use of antibiotics. Although antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to erythromycin or clindamycin does not seem serious in Korea, it is very high in China, being reported at over 90%. Antibiotic surveillance and relevant education are necessary for primary clinical physicians and pediatricians. It is necessary to monitor AMR and develop a system for reporting the appearance of highly virulent diseases, such as necrotizing fasciitis or streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome, to the government authority.
Andexanet Alfa (Ondexxya)
Authors: CADTH
Published: December 2023

CADTH recommends that Ondexxya should not be reimbursed by public drug plans for adult patients treated with factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors (rivaroxaban or apixaban) when rapid reversal of anticoagulation is needed due to life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding.

Evidence from a clinical trial (ANNEXA-4) demonstrated that Ondexxya treatment could reduce the activity of FXa inhibitors in the blood and improve imaging and laboratory markers of bleeding; however, without a control group, there is uncertainty in how much the observed benefits were due to Ondexxya treatment rather than chance. Clinical outcomes such as neurologic status and mortality were also uncertain.

No evidence was submitted at the time of the review that directly compared Ondexxya to usual care for managing bleeding related to an FXa inhibitor. Observational evidence comparing Ondexxya and prothrombin complex concentrate, which is part of the usual care, was uncertain due to limitations of study design and analysis.

Based on the evidence reviewed, the CADTH Canadian Plasma Protein Product Expert Committee (CPEC) was not convinced that treatment with Ondexxya would achieve outcomes that are clinically important to patients or meet needs not already addressed by other available treatments.
A pediatrician's guide to gastrointestinal allergies
Authors: Конобейцев О.Х.
Published: December 2023

Введение. Аллергия на коровье молоко является одной из наиболее распространенных пищевых аллергий у детей. Гастроинтестинальные формы пищевой аллергии требуют особого внимания амбулаторного педиатра, но остаются по-прежнему плохо распознаваемыми. В основном гастроинтестинальные формы пищевой аллергии встречаются у детей первых лет жизни и часто имеют неспецифические признаки – беспокойное поведение, изменения паттернов стула или срыгиваний, что ведет к ошибочной трактовке клинических симптомов. Постановка диагноза затрудняется отсроченным появлением симптомов по причине не-IgE-опосредованного типа аллергической реакции в большинстве случаев и, соответственно, отсутствия информативности при классическом подходе к диагностике аллергии. Две наиболее частые формы гастроинтестинальной пищевой аллергии, встречающиеся в практике педиатра: аллергический проктоколит, характерный для первых месяцев жизни и имеющий самый благоприятный прогноз, и синдром энтероколита в ответ на пищевые белки, часто встречающийся во втором полугодии на фоне введения прикормов. Они не требуют специализированных методов диагностики в условиях стационара. Элиминационная диета является основным инструментом для диагностики и диетотерапии аллергического компонента данных состояний. Цель работы. Предоставить клинический алгоритм для амбулаторного педиатра по тактике ведения детей с не-IgE-опосредованной гастроинтестинальной пищевой аллергией.

Background. Cow's milk allergy is one of the most common food allergies in children. Gastrointestinal forms of food allergy require special attention from the pediatrician, but they still remain poorly recognized. Mostly, gastrointestinal forms of food allergies occur in children of the first years of life, and often have nonspecific signs – restless behavior, changes in stool patterns or regurgitation, which leads to an erroneous interpretation of clinical symptoms. The diagnosis is complicated by the delayed onset of symptoms due to the non-IgE-mediated type of allergic reaction in most cases, therefore, the lack of information content in the classical approach to diagnosing allergies. The two most common forms of gastrointestinal food allergies encountered in pediatric practice: allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), characteristic of the first months of life and having the most favorable prognosis, and food protein enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), often occurring in the second half of the year, against the background of the introduction of complementary foods. They do not require specialized diagnostic methods in a hospital setting. The elimination diet is the main tool for diagnosis and dietary therapy of these allergic conditions. Objective. To provide a clinical algorithm for outpatient pediatricians on the management of children with non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy.
A EJA SOB A PERSPECTIVA E OLHAR DOS ALUNOS DO CICLO I E II DA ESCOLA SANTOS DUMONT - JOÃO PESSOA -PB - BRASIL
Authors: Silva Cremilda Barbosa da , Danowski Huber Danúbio Correia
Published: December 2023

A Educação de Jovens e adultos (EJA), tem sido uma oportunidade extra para alguns alunos que não conseguiram concluir seus estudos em tempo hábil. Diante dessa realidade, nos deparamos com vários alunos de faixas etárias diferentes que convivem e partilham do mesmo ambiente, cada um com suas histórias, vivências e motivações pelas quais nunca iniciaram ou não concluíram seus estudos. Mediante esse cenário, foi realizada uma pesquisa para saber a perspectiva particular de cada discente em relação ao olhar deles sob a proposta da EJA e o impacto em suas vidas.
Revisiting the Homoeopathic approach to Osteoarthritis- A Review
Authors: APHALE DR PARTH , Dokania Shashank , Sharma Dr Dharmendra
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Leading the world towards disability and prolonged sufferings, osteoarthritis (OA) multiplies the number of cases to about 113.25% over a decade. Healthcare services of developing nations are knocked down with flooding patients only to understand that the patient has to undergo palliative treatment for his entire life. Homoeopathic principles are way beyond palliation, a much reliable approach on the lines of minimum doses in treating OA. Objective: This article reviews the variable conditions associated with OA and the adverse effects these conditions can have on patients. 7 studies have been reviewed in this article and the effects of Homoeopathic attenuations on OA patients have been studied. Methods: Parameters including oxidant stress, physiotherapy, analog scales, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, erythrocyte lipid peroxidation (LP) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and Activities of Daily living (ADL) have been compared and results have been outlined before and after treatment with homoeopathic ultra high dilutions. Results: Clinical analysis and statistical data verifies improved WOMAC score, reduction in stiffness and pain in the joints, reduction in marginal deposition of osteocytes, erythrocyte LP and SOD levels post treatment with homoeopathic remedies.
Multi-star calibration in starphotometry
Authors: Ivănescu Liviu , O'Neill Norman T.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. We explored the improvement in starphotometry accuracy using a multi-star Langley calibration in lieu of the more traditional one-star Langley approach. Our goal was a 0.01 calibration-constant repeatability accuracy, at an operational sea-level facility such as our Arctic site at Eureka. Multi-star calibration errors were systematically smaller than single-star errors and, in the mid-spectrum, approached the 0.01 target for an observing period of 2.5 h. Filtering out coarse-mode (supermicrometre) contributions appears mandatory for improvements. Spectral vignetting, likely linked to significant UV/blue spectrum errors at large air mass, may be due to a limiting field of view and/or sub-optimal telescope collimation. Starphotometer measurements acquired by instruments that have been designed to overcome such effects may improve future star magnitude catalogues and consequently starphotometry accuracy.
Nanoparticle ranking analysis: determining new particle formation (NPF) event occurrence and intensity based on the concentration spectrum of formed (sub-5 nm) particles
Authors: Aliaga Diego , Tuovinen Santeri , Zhang Tinghan , Lampilahti Janne , Li Xinyang , Ahonen Lauri , Kokkonen Tom , Nieminen Tuomo , Hakala Simo , Paasonen Pauli , Bianchi Federico , Worsnop Doug , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Here we introduce a new method, termed “nanoparticle ranking analysis”, for characterizing new particle formation (NPF) from atmospheric observations. Using daily variations of the particle number concentration at sizes immediately above the continuous mode of molecular clusters, here in practice 2.5–5 nm (i.e. ΔN2.5−5), we can determine the occurrence probability and estimate the strength of atmospheric NPF events. After determining the value of ΔN2.5−5 for all the days during a period under consideration, the next step of the analysis is to rank the days based on this simple metric. The analysis is completed by grouping the days either into a number of percentile intervals based on their ranking or into a few modes in the distribution of log (ΔN2.5−5) values. Using 5 years (2018–2022) of data from the SMEAR II station in Hyytiälä, Finland, we found that the days with higher (lower) ranking values had, on average, both higher (lower) probability of NPF events and higher (lower) particle formation rates. The new method provides probabilistic information about the occurrence and intensity of NPF events and is expected to serve as a valuable tool to define the origin of newly formed particles at many types of environments that are affected by multiple sources of aerosol precursors.
The influence of carbon cycling on oxygen depletion in north-temperate lakes
Authors: Delany Austin , Ladwig Robert , Buelo Cal , Albright Ellen , Hanson Paul C.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Hypolimnetic oxygen depletion during summer stratification in lakes can lead to hypoxic and anoxic conditions. Hypolimnetic anoxia is a water quality issue with many consequences, including reduced habitat for cold-water fish species, reduced quality of drinking water, and increased nutrient and organic carbon (OC) release from sediments. Both allochthonous and autochthonous OC loads contribute to oxygen depletion by providing substrate for microbial respiration; however, their relative contributions to oxygen depletion across diverse lake systems remain uncertain. Lake characteristics, such as trophic state, hydrology, and morphometry, are also influential in carbon-cycling processes and may impact oxygen depletion dynamics. To investigate the effects of carbon cycling on hypolimnetic oxygen depletion, we used a two-layer process-based lake model to simulate daily metabolism dynamics for six Wisconsin lakes over 20 years (1995–2014). Physical processes and internal metabolic processes were included in the model and were used to predict dissolved oxygen (DO), particulate OC (POC), and dissolved OC (DOC). In our study of oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic lakes, we found autochthony to be far more important than allochthony to hypolimnetic oxygen depletion. Autochthonous POC respiration in the water column contributed the most towards hypolimnetic oxygen depletion in the eutrophic study lakes. POC water column respiration and sediment respiration had similar contributions in the mesotrophic and oligotrophic study lakes. Differences in terms of source of respiration are discussed with consideration of lake productivity and the processing and fates of organic carbon loads.
Adjustments to the Rock-Eval® thermal analysis for soil organic and inorganic carbon quantification
Authors: Hazera Joséphine , Sebag David , Kowalewski Isabelle , Verrecchia Eric , Ravelojaona Herman , Chevallier Tiphaine
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Quantifying both soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) is essential to understand carbon (C) dynamics and to assess the atmospheric C sequestration potential in calcareous soils. The procedures usually used to quantify SOC and SIC involve pretreatments (decarbonation, carbonate removal) and calculations of the difference between C contents estimated by elemental analysis on raw and pretreated aliquots. These procedures lead to analytical bias associated with pretreatments, measurement deviations associated with sample heterogeneity, and cumulative errors associated with calculations. The Rock-Eval® analysis is a ramped thermal analysis that has been used in soil sciences since the 2000s, consisting of pyrolysis of the sample followed by oxidation of the residue. A single Rock-Eval® analysis on non-pretreated aliquots provides two parameters estimating the organic (TOC) and inorganic (MinC) C contents of the samples. Nevertheless, the Rock-Eval® protocol was standardised in the 1970s by IFP Energies Nouvelles for studying oil-bearing rocks and is thus not perfectly suited for soil study. Previous studies have suggested statistical corrections of the standard parameters to improve their estimations of C contents assessed by elemental analysis, but only a few of them have focused on the estimation of inorganic C content using the MinC parameter. Moreover, none of them have suggested adjustments to the standard Rock-Eval® protocol. This study proposes to adapt this protocol to optimise SOC and SIC quantifications in soil samples. Comparisons between SOC and SIC quantifications by elemental analysis and by Rock-Eval®, with and without statistical corrections of the standard TOC and MinC parameters, were carried out on 30 agricultural topsoils with a wide range of SOC and SIC contents. The results show that the standard Rock-Eval® protocol can properly estimate SOC contents once the TOC parameter is corrected. However, it cannot achieve a complete thermal breakdown of SIC amounts > 4 mg, leading to an underestimation of high SIC contents by the MinC parameter, even after correcting for this. Thus, the final oxidation isotherm is extended to 7 min to complete the thermal breakdown of SIC before the end of the analysis. This work is a methodological step to measure SOC and SIC contents in a single analytical run on a non-pretreated aliquot. More work is needed (i) on a wider range of soil samples with differing land use and other forms of carbonate mineral and sampling depths and (ii) to avoid the use of statistical corrections of the TOC and MinC parameters.
Simulations of primary and secondary ice production during an Arctic mixed-phase cloud case from the NASCENT campaign
Authors: Schäfer Britta , David Robert Oscar , Georgakaki Paraskevi , Pasquier Julie , Sotiropoulou Georgia , Storelvmo Trude
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The Arctic is the fastest warming environment on Earth and the role of clouds in this warming is undisputed. The representation of Arctic clouds and their phase distribution, i.e. the amount of ice and supercooled water, influences predictions of future Arctic warming. Therefore, it is essential that cloud phase is correctly captured by models in order to accurately predict the future Arctic climate. Ice crystal formation in clouds happens through ice nucleation (primary ice production) and ice multiplication (secondary ice production). In common weather and climate models, rime-splintering is the only secondary ice production process included. In addition, prescribed number concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei or cloud droplets and ice-nucleating particles are often overestimated in Arctic environments by standard model configurations. This can lead to a misrepresentation of the phase distribution and precipitation formation in Arctic mixed-phase clouds, with important implications for the Arctic surface energy budget. During the Ny-Ålesund Aerosol Cloud Experiment (NASCENT) a holographic probe mounted on a tethered balloon took in-situ measurements of ice crystal and cloud droplet number and mass concentrations in Svalbard, Norway, during fall 2019 and spring 2020. In this study, we choose one case study from this campaign showing evidence of strong secondary ice production and use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to simulate it at a high vertical and spatial resolution. We test the performance of different microphysical parametrizations and apply a new state-of-the-art secondary ice parametrization. We find that the agreement with observations highly depends on the prescribed cloud condensation nuclei/cloud droplet and ice-nucleating particle concentration and requires an enhancement of secondary ice production processes. Lowering mass mixing ratio thresholds for rime splintering inside the Morrison microphysics scheme is crucial for enabling secondary ice production and thereby matching observations for the right reasons. The latter is a prerequisite for reliable simulations of Arctic mixed-phase cloud responses to future temperature- or aerosol perturbations.
In situ study of the reaction phase A plus high-P clinoenstatite to forsterite plus water at reduced water activity
Authors: Lathe Christian , Koch-Müller Monika , Wunder Bernd , Appelt Oona , Sieber Melanie , Bhat Shrikant , Farla Robert
Published: December 2023

Abstract. We examined the reaction phase A plus high-P clinoenstatite to forsterite plus water (Reaction R1) by means of in situ X-ray diffraction measurements with the large volume press at the synchrotron PETRA III, Hamburg. Contrary to the study of Lathe et al. (2022), in which all experiments on Reaction (R1) were performed at a water activity of 1, the reversed experiments presented in this study were performed at reduced water activity with mole fractions of about XH2O= XCO2=0.5. The intention of this investigation was to test the observation made by Perrillat et al. (2005), which was that dehydration reactions are kinetically faster at reduced than under water-saturated conditions. The position of Reaction (R1) at the reduced conditions was determined by reversal brackets at 9.1 and 9.5 GPa (630 and 700 ∘C), at 9.7 and 10.0 GPa (725 and 700 ∘C), at 9.8 and 10.2 GPa (675 and 750 ∘C), and at 10.5 GPa (675 and 740 ∘C). Additionally, we performed two offline experiments with brackets at 10.0 and 10.6 GPa (750 and 700 ∘C, respectively) that are in agreement with the results of the in situ experiments. We do not observe any “intermediate” precursor phase in our experiments. The equilibrium of Reaction (R1) is shifted by about 100 ∘C to lower temperature compared to the results under water-saturated conditions. Thus, at a water activity (aH2O) below 1 the phase A plus clinoenstatite dehydration reaction can only occur in extremely cold subduction slabs. The kinetics of Reaction (R1) dehydration at reduced water activity is slower than that determined previously by Lathe et al. (2022) under water-saturated conditions. Thus, the above-mentioned hypothesis of Perrillat et al. (2005) could not be confirmed. However, in both of our studies on Reaction (R1), the newly formed dehydration product forsterite was of nanometer size, which supports earlier experimental observations, which is that product phases of dehydration reactions are generally very fine-grained and might promote the concept that intermediate-depth earthquakes in subduction zones are initiated by mechanical instabilities from extremely fine-grained materials formed during dehydration reactions.
Understanding variations in downwelling longwave radiation using Brutsaert's equation
Authors: Tian Yinglin , Zhong Deyu , Ghausi Sarosh Alam , Wang Guangqian , Kleidon Axel
Published: December 2023

Abstract. A dominant term in the surface energy balance and central to global warming is downwelling longwave radiation (Rld). It is influenced by radiative properties of the atmospheric column, in particular by greenhouse gases, water vapor, clouds, and differences in atmospheric heat storage. We use the semi-empirical equation derived by Brutsaert (1975) to identify the leading terms responsible for the spatial–temporal climatological variations in Rld. This equation requires only near-surface observations of air temperature and humidity. We first evaluated this equation and its extension by Crawford and Duchon (1999) with observations from FLUXNET, the NASA-CERES dataset, and the ERA5 reanalysis. We found a strong spatiotemporal correlation between estimated Rld and the datasets above, with r2 ranging from 0.87 to 0.98 across the datasets for clear-sky and all-sky conditions. We then used the equations to show that changes in lower atmospheric heat storage explain more than 95 % and around 73 % of diurnal range and seasonal variations in Rld, respectively, with the regional contribution decreasing with latitude. Seasonal changes in the emissivity of the atmosphere play a second role, which is controlled by anomalies in cloud cover at high latitudes but dominated by water vapor changes at midlatitudes and subtropics, especially over monsoon regions. We also found that as aridity increases over the region, the contributions from changes in emissivity and lower atmospheric heat storage tend to offset each other (−40 and 20–30 W m−2, respectively), explaining the relatively small decrease in Rld with aridity (−(10–20) W m−2). These equations thus provide a solid physical basis for understanding the spatiotemporal variability of surface downwelling longwave radiation. This should help us to better understand and interpret climatological changes, such as those associated with extreme events and global warming.
Effects of idealised land cover and land management changes on the atmospheric water cycle
Authors: De Hertog Steven J. , Lopez Fabara Carmen E. , van der Ent Ruud , Keune Jessica , Miralles Diego G. , Portmann Raphael , Schemm Sebastian , Havermann Felix , Guo Suqi , Luo Fei , Manola Iris , Lejeune Quentin , Pongratz Julia , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Thiery Wim
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Land cover and land management changes (LCLMCs) play an important role in achieving low-end warming scenarios through land-based mitigation. However, their effects on moisture fluxes and recycling remain uncertain although they have important implications for the future viability of such strategies. Here, we analyse the impact of idealised LCLMC scenarios on atmospheric moisture transport in three different ESMs: the Community Earth System Model (CESM), the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) and the European Consortium Earth System Model (EC-EARTH). The LCLMC scenarios comprise of a full cropland world, a fully afforested world, and a cropland world with unlimited irrigation expansion. The effects of these LCLMCs in the different ESMs are analysed for precipitation, evaporation and vertically integrated moisture flux convergence to understand the LCLMC-induced changes in the atmospheric moisture cycle. Then, a moisture tracking algorithm is applied to assess the effects of LCLMCs on moisture recycling at the local (grid cell level) and the global scale (continental moisture recycling). Our results indicate that LCLMCs are generally inducing consistent feedbacks on moisture fluxes over land in all ESMs. Cropland expansion causes drying and reduced local moisture recycling in all ESMs, while afforestation and irrigation expansion generally cause wetting and increased local moisture recycling. However, the strength of this influence varies in time and space and across the ESMs and shows a strong dependency on the dominant driver: Some ESMs show a dominance of large scale atmospheric circulation changes while other ESMs show a dominance of local to regional changes in the atmospheric water cycle only within the vicinity of the LCLMC. Overall, these results corroborate that LCLMCs can induce large effects on the atmospheric water cycle and moisture recycling, but more research is needed to constrain the uncertainty of these effects within ESMs and better evaluate land-based mitigation strategies.