bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Migrasi di Kabupaten Pulau Taliabu
Authors: Hasnawati Hasnawati  , Muhammad I Nurdin  , Daud Hasim
Published: September 2024

This research aims to analyze the factors that influence migration in Taliabu Island Regency. The data management technique uses multiple linear regression through the SPSS program. The data used is secondary data originating from the Taliabu Island Regency civil registration office. The research analysis shows that the results of the partial test of the influence of marital status on migration show that the marital status variable has a negative influence on the migration variable. The influence of education level on migration can be concluded that there is a positive influence of education level on migration. This shows that there is an influence between the level of education on migration on Taliabu Island. It can be concluded that the influence of income on migration has a positive influence on migration on Taliabu Island.
Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Harga Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Di Karoseri PT. Adhikarisma Pratama
Authors: Ade Siantry  , Dhian Tyas Untari  , Andrian Andrian
Published: September 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of product quality, price and service quality on customer loyalty at PT Karoseri. Adhicharism Pratama. This type of research is quantitative. The population in this study is unknown. The sampling technique uses Non-Probability Sampling using the Saturated Sample technique. The sample in this study amounted to 61 respondents. Data collection technique by distributing questionnaires via Google Form. Hypothesis testing in this research uses Multiple Linear Regression analysis. The research subjects were PT Karoseri consumers. Adhicharism Pratama. The results of this research show that the variables of product quality, price and service quality partially and simultaneously have a significant effect and have a positive influence on the customer loyalty variable.
Pengaruh Keputusan Investasi dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Melalui Kinerja Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Lq-45 Tbk Tahun 2020-2022
Authors: Dewianti Dwi Wahyuni  , Chamariyah Chamariyah  , Wasis Budiarto
Published: September 2024

Dewianti Dwi Wahyuni, 2024. The Influence of Investment Decisions and Dividend Policy on Company Value, Financial Performance in Companies Through Financial Performance in LQ-45 Tbk in 2020-2022. Wijaya Putra University Postgraduate Program Surabaya. This type of research is explanatory research, the approach used is a quantitative approach, the research sample is 31 companies. The analysis tool uses Smart PLS (Partial Least Square). Research objectives: 1) For describes the nature of investment, dividend policy, company value and financial performance in LQ 45 Tbk in 2020-2022; 2) For tested and analyzed the significant influence of investment ownership on the company value of LQ 45 Tbk in 2020-2022; 3) Uintuik tested and analyzed the significant influence of investment intelligence on the financial performance of LQ 45 Tbk in 2020-2022; 4) For tested and analyzed the significant influence of dividend policy on the financial performance of LQ 45 Tbk in 2020-2022; 5) For tested and analyzed the significant influence of dividend policy on company value in LQ 45 Tbk in 2020-2022; 6) For tested and analyzed the significant influence of financial performance on the company value of the LQ 45 Tbk for 2020-2022; 7) For tested and analyzed the significant influence of investment profitability on company value through financial performance in LQ 45 Tbk in 2020-2022; 8) For tested and analyzed the significant influence of dividend policy on company value through the financial performance of LQ 45 Tbk 2020-2022. The research results show that: 1) investment decisions have no significant effect on company value. 2) investment decisions have no significant effect on financial performance. 3) dividend policy has no significant effect on financial performance. 4) dividend policy has no significant effect on company value. 5) financial performance has no significant effect on company value. 6) investment decisions have no significant effect on company value. 7) dividend policy has no significant effect on company value which is mediated by financial performance.
Pengaruh Digital Marketing dan Penggunaan Digital Payment Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Kopi Espresso Based
Authors: Muhammad Faqih Arrizik  , Suparno Suparno  , Ayatulloh Michael Musyaffi
Published: September 2024

This quantitative research was conducted in the DKI Jakarta area and focuses on how digital marketing and the use of digital payments influence customers' decisions to buy espresso coffee at Kopi Tuku. The population of this research is Generation Z customers of Kopi Tuku in Jakarta, aged between 17 and 27 years. To measure the population, a Likert scale is used. This study used a purposive sampling method with 264 subjects surveyed. The research analysis method is the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The research results show that the use of digital marketing and digital payments significantly influences consumers' decisions to buy something.
Peran Usaha Ekonomi Kreatif Dalam Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Muslim
Authors: Ayu Lestari  , Zulhelmi Zulhelmi
Published: September 2024

The creative economy is a form of business that focuses more on people's creativity to create something new or innovate existing goods or businesses so that they have marketability and competitiveness in the market. The existence of the creative economy has a role in creating jobs to accommodate local communities, increase income, preserve culture and encourage export-import. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the creative economy business of the Independent Young Embroidery and Embroidery House in absorbing Muslim workers. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research, data collection methods by observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. From the results of the research, it was found that the role of the creative economy business Rumah Mandiri Embroidery and Embroidery Young has a role in absorbing Muslim workers, which play a role in providing jobs, increasing income, increasing intellectual property, preserving culture, encouraging product exports. The determining factors considered in absorbing labor are labor wages, skills possessed, investment value, and production value.
Analisis Pengaruh Penerimaan Pajak Parkir Guna Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Di Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Medan
Authors: Mhd. Arifta Pulung Tumannger  , Wahyu Syarvina
Published: September 2024

Research conducted at the Medan City Regional Revenue Agency. The aim of this research is to understand and analyze how the level of realization of parker rent increases the number of Indigenous Regional Residents (PAD) in the Regional Revenue Agency of Medan City. To understand and analyze why the parking revenue target at the Medan City Regional Revenue Agency has not been met. To understand and analyze why taxpayer rates in the Medan Regional Revenue are still not optimal. The research method used here is called the Qualitative method which produces interview results. The contribution of parking to the Medan Raya Regional Development Agency's PAD is relatively low. This results in the tax and levy management body not achieving the expected goals and being ineffective where the cause of the realization of the parking tax lies. Many people are reluctant to share their honest parking tax income. This is in accordance with research findings (Jufrizen, 2013) which state that research data shows that the area received from the parking levy subsector has not reached the optimal level. This is because the target and realization period do not always align, so further research is needed to find out what can be done to increase the area of ​​revenue from the parking levy subsector more effectively.
Pengaruh Modal Usaha, Lokasi Usaha, Lama Usaha dan Teknologi Informasi terhadap Pendapatan Thrift Shop di Kota Surakarta
Authors: Alfrida Sekar Ayuningtyas  , Arif Farida  , Era Trianita Saputra
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of business capital, business location, length of business and information technology on thrift shop income in the city of Surakarta. This research uses quantitative methods and data collection methods through questionnaires. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 97 respondents determined using the lemeshow formula. Data analysis techniques use data quality testing methods, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression testing and hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the analysis, it proves that business capital, business location, length of business and information technology have a significant influence on thrift shop income in the city of Surakarta.
Analisa Laporan Keuangan Nasabah dan Peranannya dalam Pemberian Kredit pada PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Unit Lubuk Begalung Padang
Authors: Bennyman Ilham Dani Isni  , Febryandhie Ananda
Published: September 2024

Financial reports have a dual role as a guide for customers in preparing financial reports and as a source of inspiration for BRI's credit department. Analysis of customer financial reports, supported by financial reports, becomes an integral part of the credit process. Research involves credit monitoring procedures and analysis of customer financial reports. Case studies on Toko Rhio Yudha Gama and Toko Dikcy Oksani Junaidi show positive results in liquidity, solvency and profitability, validating their suitability for obtaining credit with low risk. Analysis of financial ratios, such as current ratio, quick ratio, debt to total asset ratio, and return on equity, provide a satisfactory performance picture. The research conclusion confirms that credit assessment based on analysis of financial statements and profit and loss has great significance. Financial ratios are the main indicator, reflecting whether a customer is worthy of receiving a loan. In addition, BRI Bank determines the loan nominal using Repayment Capacity, which is the customer's repayment capacity of 50% of the net profit in the profit and loss statement.
Pengaruh Modal, Teknologi, Tingkat Pendidikan Dan Jam Kerja Terhadap Pendapatan Umkm Di Kabupaten Sukoharjo
Authors: Ade Fitria Sukma Ardini  , Arif Nugroho Rachman
Published: September 2024

This study discusses the effect of capital, technology, education level, and working hours on the income of MSMEs in Sukoharjo Regency. The purpose of this study is to determine the significant influence of capital, technology, education level, working hours on MSME income. Then to find out the capital, technology, education level, and working hours have a simultaneous effect on the income of MSMEs in Sukoharjo Regency. The type of research used is qualitative research. The sample used was 100 respondents and the sampling technique used simple random sampling. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. Then the data were analyzed by classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis tests using IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the variables of capital, technology, education level, and working hours have a positive, significant and simultaneous effect on the income of MSMEs in Sukoharjo Regency.
Analisis Efesiensi Strategi Manajemen Resiko Keuangan Terhadap Produk Asuransi Umum (Unit Syariah) Pada Pt Bumida Cabang Medan
Authors: Sri Ramadhani  , Nuri Aslami  , Ella Sri Wahyu Ningsih
Published: September 2024

This research aims to determine the Efficiency Analysis of Financial Risk Management Strategies for General Insurance Products (Sharia Units) at PT Bumida Medan Branch. In this research the research approach used is qualitative descriptive. Data collection was carried out using literature studies, namely theoretical studies, references and literature. other scientific research, the data analysis technique used in this research uses the Miles and Huberman model. The results of this research are the underwriter's way of minimizing the risks often faced by PT BUMIDA Medan branch in the service activities provided is by ensuring the objects that must be insured, the benefits What can be obtained if the implementation of risk management is carried out well and effectively to prevent failure so that profits can be increased or at least the company's losses are not too large. The aim of financial management is to maximize profits or profits and minimize costs in order to obtain a maximum return on decisions, in explaining the company towards development and running the company, the obstacles in risk management are 1) candidate morale. 2) honesty of insurance company marketing.
Pengaruh Penerapan Ekonomi Hijau Terhadap Peningkatan Pendapatan Pada PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy Tbk.
Authors: Divil Hikma Dwi Yanti  , Diana Indah Sri Lestari P. A  , Sunarti Sunarti  , Maria Yovita R.Pandin
Published: September 2024

This study explores the impact of green economy implementation on revenue generation in the renewable energy sector in Indonesia, with a focus on PT Pertamina Geothernal Energy Tbk. Regression analysis shows that total electricity equivalent production has a significant effect on increasing the company's net profit, while government investment does not show a significant effect. These results suggest that increasing renewable energy production is one of the key factors in increasing revenue in this sector. The study also identified strategies to maximize the economic and environmental benefits of the transition to clean energy. These strategies include regulatory and policy reforms, effective management of public investment, and development of people- and environment-oriented policies. Implementing a green economy in Indonesia's renewable energy sector has the potential to increase revenues, promote sustainable economic growth, and preserve the environment.
RECONTRUCTION OF PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION LAW AGAINTS DATA LEAKAGE IN THE DIGITALIZATION ERA AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Prasetyo Bayu , Elviandri  , Rasyid Fikri Ananta Nur , Viqran Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Post-pandemic has negative and positive impacts, one of the positive impacts is accelerating digital transformation to all aspects in Indonesia.  Rapid digital transformation has not been matched by good cybersecurity, making it very vulnerable to misuse or violation of personal data such as cases of data leakage in various private and government agencies. This study aims to determine and analyze the misuse or violation of personal data and to determine and analyze the implementation of personal data protection provisions. This research is a normative legal research with descriptive-qualitative analysis. The results obtained are the issuance of Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection as a general standard of personal data protection has not been able to prevent, protect and overcome personal data leaks, disharmonisation between the provisions of personal data protection, and the absence of an independent, efficient and effective personal data supervisory institution. Therefore, reconstruction in the law needs to be done to guarantee citizens' rights to personal protection, foster public awareness, ensure recognition and respect for the importance of personal data protection for the realisation of the fullfilment of human rights.
Det ryska imperiets mångfald i Åbo
Authors: Wassholm Johanna
Published: September 2024

Historieforskare har lyft fram att Finlands större städer i slutet av 1800-talet präglades av en mångkulturalitet som till stor del var en följd av närvaron av människor från det mångnationella ryska imperium som Finland sedan 1809 var en del av. Vid denna tid var undersåtar från imperiet således ett givet inslag också i vardagen i Åbo. De ryska undersåtarna avspeglade imperiets mångetniska sammansättning såtillvida att de representerade flera olika etniciteter – förutom etniska ryssar tjänstgjorde till exempel polacker, balttyskar, judar och tatarer i den ryska armén. Från 1870-talet mötte Åboborna därtill allt oftare ryska, judiska och tatariska småhandlare på stadens gator och torg. Judarna var före detta soldater med familjer som i kraft av en rysk förordning från 1858 fått tillstånd att bosätta sig på stationeringsorten efter avslutad militärtjänst, medan de muslimska tatarerna började idka rörlig småhandel i Finland efter hand som järnvägsnätverket expanderade.
Trots att närvaron av människor från imperiet skymtar fram i den samtida lokalpressen och i memoarer, har den förblivit slående osynlig i historieskrivningen om Åbo. Ett par specialstudier som behandlar stadsbornas möten med den ryska militären och judiska handelsidkare föreligger[1], men i till exempel de av Eino Jutikkala författade två digra volymerna av Åbo stads historia som täcker åren 1856–1917 nämns personer från det ryska imperiet endast på några sidor under rubriken ”folk utifrån”.[2] Osynligheten förklaras dels av det narrativ om den kulturellt och etniskt homogena nationen som länge dominerade den nationella historieskrivningen, dels av att grupperna själva fram till 1980-talet ogärna framhävde sin egen historia i ett självständigt Finland där attityderna till allt ryskt var negativa.[3]
I den här artikeln studerar jag utifrån pressmaterial, memoarer och myndighetskällor hur människor från olika delar av det ryska imperiet blev synliga i vardagen i Åbo under 1800-talets fyra sista årtionden. Inledningsvis ger jag en översikt över de mest betydande grupperna och redogör för deras bakgrund och antal samt för deras sociala och ekonomiska position i staden. Därefter studerar jag närmare relationerna mellan människor från imperit och lokalsamhället inom de sfärer där möten var vanligast; förutom den militära närvaron behandlas möten med judiska handelsidkare och med ryska livsmedelsförsäljare på stadens gator och torg. Syftet är att belysa en aspekt av vardagen i Åbo som förblivit osynlig i tidigare historieskrivning och den ambivalens som präglade mötena mellan människor från imperiet och lokalsamhället i Åbo.
El vestido atribuido a la emperatriz Carlota de México (1864-1867): evidencias históricas en su restauración
Authors: Poncelis Gutiérrez Ana Julia , Castillo Leyva Karla , Román Torres Rosa Lorena
Published: September 2024

Las colecciones textiles varían, según su temporalidad, su tipología y sus características materiales. Cuando las personas se acercan a nuestro trabajo, a menudo preguntan qué es lo fascinante de restaurar textiles. Para nosotras, la respuesta es clara: entretejen los secretos de la historia en sus costuras. En las siguientes páginas dejaremos una vaporosa idea de lo que fue la restauración de un vestido que forma parte de las colecciones del Museo Nacional de Historia “Castillo de Chapultepec”, del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (MNH-INAH). Esta pieza se le atribuye a la emperatriz consorte de México, María Carlota Amelia Augusta Victoria Clementina Leopoldina de Sajonia-Coburgo-Gotha. La restauración fue significati-va por la correcta toma de decisiones y a causa del vínculo estrecho con el MNH. El resultado de la comunicación asertiva entre las partes favoreció la recuperación de la silueta y de elementos ornamentales como en el origen de su creación. ________ Textile collections vary, depending on their temporality, their typology, and their material characteristics. When people approach our work, they often ask what we find fascinating about restoring textiles. For us, the answer is clear: they weave the secrets of history into their seams. In the following pages, we will expose a subtle idea regarding the restoration of a dress that is part of the collections of the Museo Nacional de Historia “Castillo de Chapultepec”, of the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (MNH-INAH, National Museum of History “Castillo de Chapultepec”, of the National Institute of Anthropology and History). This piece is attributed to the Empress Consort of Mexico, Marie Charlotte Amélie Augustine Victoire Clementine Léopoldine of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. The restoration was significant thanks to the correct decision-making and the close link with the MNH. The result of assertive communication between the parties favored the restoration of the silhouette and of the ornamental elements to a state similar to their original creation.
Toplumsal mutluluğun kaynağı ekonomik performans mı? Yönetişim performansı mı?
Authors: Kahreman Yusuf
Published: September 2024

Mutluluk ile sürdürülebilirlik arasında bir ilişkinin olduğunu savunan Danimarka Çevre Bakanlığı, bu kapsamda raporlar yayınlamaktadır. Bu sebeple toplumsal mutluluğun sürdürülebilirliğin hangi alt boyutu ile ilişkisinin olduğunu değerlendirebilmek amacıyla G8 ülkelerinin 2010-2022 dönemi için mutluluk, yönetişim ve ekonomik performansları ölçülmüştür. Bu kapsamda mutluluk performansının ölçülebilmesi adına World Happiness Report tarafından yayınlanan tüm göstergeler, yönetişim performansının ölçülebilmesi adına Dünya Bankası tarafından yayınlanan tüm iyi yönetişim göstergeleri ve ekonomik performans için cari işlemler dengesi (GSYH'nin %'si), GSYH büyüme oranı, mal ve hizmet ihracatı, işsizlik oranı, mal ve hizmet ithalatı ve enflasyon oranı göstergeleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada LOPCOW-ARLON entegre modeli önerilmiştir. LOPCOW (LOgarithmic Percentage Change-driven Objective Weighting) yöntemi ile ele alınan değerlendirme kriterlerinin önem düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. ARLON (Alternative Ranking using two-step LOgarithmic Normalization) yöntemi ile G8 ülkelerinin performans sıralaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Buna ek olarak önerilen modelin geçerliliği ve tutarlılığı çeşitli duyarlılık analizleri ile test edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre G8 ülkelerinin yönetişim performansları ile mutluluk performanslarının birbirleri ile hemen hemen aynı sıralarda çıktığı hatta Kanada, Fransa, İtalya ve Rusya’da birebir aynı olduğu görülmektedir.
Ekolojik perspektiften teorik bir inceleme: Sürdürülebilir kalkınma bir retorik mi?
Authors: Gönültaş Yasin Can
Published: September 2024

Sanayileşmenin Batı'da ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte başlayan kapitalizm serüveninde yol alan ve neoliberal iktisadi politikaları belirleyen ülkeler, başlangıçta sadece ekonomik gelişmeyi amaçlayan bir büyüme sürecini öncelemiştir. Bu nedenle, yüzyıllar boyunca birçok topluluk, toplum ve ülke, üyelerinin maddi refahını sürekli olarak artırma çabası içinde olmuştur. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, maddi refahın artırılması büyük ölçüde, dünya üzerindeki yaşamın temelini oluşturan doğal kaynakların çıkarılmasına bağlı olduğu inancı yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu inanç, ekonomik ve insani gelişme ile ekolojik sınırlar arasındaki dengesizliğin ortaya çıktığını kabul eden “sürdürülebilir kalkınma”nın icadıyla yeniden şekillenmeye başlamış, ekolojik perspektif ise bu durumu sadece bir retorik olarak değerlendirmiştir. Ekolojik hareketler, sürdürülebilir kalkınma kavramını çeşitli açılardan eleştirirken, bu kavramın gerçekten sürdürülebilir olup olmadığına dair literatürdeki güncel tartışmalar; toplumsal ve ekonomik boyutlarını da ele almıştır. Çalışma ile tarihsel kalkınma modellerinin doğal kaynakların aşırı kullanımı ve çevresel tahribat üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri incelenmiş; sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın çevreyi koruma amacına rağmen, ekonomik büyüme odaklı yapısının uzun vadede çevresel sürdürülebilirliği tehlikeye atabileceği konusunda ekolojik perspektifin getirmiş olduğu eleştiriler çeşitli çalışmalarla birlikte ele alınmıştır.
Prevalência de dermatite associada à incontinência e seus fatores relacionados em pacientes de terapia intensiva
Authors: Ramalho Aline de Oliveira , Pacheco Alicia de Oliveira , Brandão Amanda Cristina Maria Aparecida Gonçalves , Silva Renan Alves , Freitas Paula de Souza Silva
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência da dermatite associada à incontinência (DAI) e os fatores associados à sua ocorrência em pacientes adultos internados nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Método: Estudo observacional, epidemiológico, transversal, de prevalência pontual, realizado em unidades de terapia intensiva com uma amostra de 40 pacientes. Para as análises estatísticas, adotaram-se os testes: exato de fisher, t de Student, Mann-Whitney e regressão logística. Resultados: A prevalência de DAI entre a amostra analisada foi de 22,5%. Após análise univariada e bivariada de fatores associados, foi realizada regressão logística entre as variáveis que possuíam valor p menor que 0,20, e foi identificado que houve significância estatística somente da variável “paciente com sedação”, demonstrando que um paciente com sedação possui 5,4 vezes mais chances de desenvolver DAI quando comparado à população sem DAI. Conclusão: A prevalência de DAI encontrada neste estudo pode auxiliar no planejamento de recursos de saúde, intervenções e estratégias de prevenção, bem como assessorar instituições na comparação de indicadores de DAI em população congênere. Ainda, a associação que demonstra que pacientes de terapia intensiva em uso de sedativos apresentam 5,4 vezes mais chances de ter DAI pode ser útil para desenvolver estratégias de prevenção direcionadas a essa população.
Drivers of Pharmaceutical Compounding: Regional Experience Analysis Using Irkutsk Pharmacy Organisations as a Case Study
Authors: Kovalskaya G. N. , Verlan N. V. , Mikhalevich E. N.
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION. National pharmacy compounding is a priority for providing the population with medicinal products, particularly the medicinal products lacking in the Russian Federation. Investigating opportunities to improve the operation of compounding pharmacies in the Russian Federation remains essential, especially in the context of the developing personalised approach to treatment, growing practice of orphan drug development, and import substitution needs.

AIM. This study aimed to identify the factors driving the development of compounding pharmacies under the current conditions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study focused on the Russian regulatory framework for pharmacy compounding, as well as the range of dosage forms and administration routes of the medicinal products that had been produced and packaged by the compounding pharmacies in Irkutsk in 2021–2023.

RESULTS. This study showed a demand for compounded medicinal products among both healthcare providers and patients. These medicinal products covered a traditional range of compounded medicines, including custom formulae, medicines for paediatrics and geriatrics, stock preparations, and pharmacy-packaged items. In 2021–2023, the mean annual production of Irkutsk pharmacy organisations amounted to ~500,000 units of compounded medicinal products, with a variety of doses and dosage forms. The medicinal products were compounded using ~100 different active substances and over 20 approved medicinal products. This study examined the evolution of Russian pharmacy compounding legislation. The key aspects included the establishment of a pharmaceutical quality system for compounded medicinal products, the extension of shelf life for specific dosage forms, and the authorisation to use medicinal products approved in the Eurasian Economic Union in compounding. The study showed that the main factors driving the operation of compounding pharmacies were the ongoing regulatory framework transformation and the transition from standardised treatment to personalised medicine. The main impediments for compounding pharmacies included the lack of state support, the ban on compounding medicinal products produced by pharmaceutical companies, the shortage of skilled staff, the inadequate supply of equipment (first of all, production machinery), the poor availability of active substances and excipients in small packages, and the challenges associated with regulatory control and oversight over the quality of compounded medicinal products.

CONCLUSIONS. Further stimulation of the active development of compounding pharmacies requires further investigation into their operation in other regions, which will help to develop legal arrangements for the federal and regional state support of compounding pharmacies, procure up-to-date materials and equipment, and train the staff for compounding pharmacies.
Analysis of the Risks Associated with the Functions of a Pharmacy Cleaner in Pharmaceutical Compounding
Authors: Voronina E. A. , Eliseeva M. G. , Potapova A. E. , Vorobyova N. V. , Egorova S. N.
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION.Pharmacy compounding involves certain risks that are directly related to the process of extemporaneous preparation and the actions of its participants. However, the role of pharmacy cleaners, whose actions can influence the quality of compounded medicinal products, has not been studied yet.

AIM.This study aimed to analyse the risks to the quality of compounded medicinal products associated with the functions of a pharmacy cleaner in pharmaceutical compounding of non-sterile dosage forms.

MATERIALS AND METHODS.The study used failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) in accordance with the relevant Russian State Standard, as well as open brainstorming discussion. The study examined the functions of a pharmacy cleaner in pharmaceutical compounding of non-sterile dosage forms. The results were assessed by statistically processing the study data and assigning each potential failure mode a certain category.

RESULTS.The risk analysis identified 45 potential failure modes for the functions of a pharmacy cleaner. Of these, 12 failure modes (26.7%) had a high level of criticality, 14 failure modes (31.1%) had a medium level of criticality, and 19 failure modes (42.2%) had a low level of criticality. Not all potential failure modes had valid documented regulatory provisions for the risk assessment and the development of prevention-type controls.

CONCLUSIONS.The analysis of the functions of a pharmacy cleaner highlighted the potential risks to the quality of extemporaneous medicinal products prepared by compounding pharmacies. The study identified a lack of valid regulatory documentation. The authors suggested using the study results to amend the regulatory documents and standard operating procedures (SOPs) guiding the work of a pharmacy cleaner, to develop illustrative educational materials, and to conduct on-the-job training for pharmacy staff.
The South African Council of Churches and the Science and Religion Debate during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kumalo R. Simangaliso , Taruona Honoured
Published: September 2024

The relationship between science and religion has been a topical issue in the Western world, both in academic and popular literature. It has, however, been a peripheral issue in Africa, the epicentre of Christianity and where both religion and science play a prominent role. Where African scholars have written about it, it has largely focused on Pentecostal and Charismatic churches to the negligence of mainline churches. This article examines the views and responses of the South African Council of Churches (SACC), the largest ecumenical body in the country, to the COVID-19 pandemic in the light of the science and religion debate. The views and responses of the SACC to the pandemic were gathered from the various press statements and documents that the ecumenical body produced between March 2020 and September 2021.
The impact of internal labor migration on morbidity rates with temporary disability in the Russian Federation
Authors: Shastin Aleksandr S.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. One of the most important indicators of the health of the working population is the incidence of temporary disability. The statistical data do not take into account the temporary labor migration of the population, which distorts the idea of the morbidity of the permanent population at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation and municipalities.
The study aims to carry out a comparative assessment of the temporary disability (ТD) level and rating places of the subjects of the Russian Federation on the basis of statistical indicators "Number of cases of TD" and "Number of days of TD" per 100 employees and calculated indicators per 100 employed in the economy.
Materials and methods. The article tells about the use of federal statistical observation data. Specialists have made their own calculations of indicators of the level of temporary disability by the number of cases and days per 100 employed in the economy. A direct ranking was carried out in descending order of all the studied indicators. The authors also conducted a direct ranking in descending order of all the studied indicators and performed a comparative analysis of the rating places of the subjects of the Russian Federation according to the level of temporary disability, according to official statistical data per 100 employees and calculated data per 100 employed.
Results. In almost 30% of the subjects of the Russian Federation, significant changes were detected in 20 or more rating places, both with the shift of regions into groups with higher levels and with lower levels of morbidity.
Limitations. The materials used in this study did not take into account the gender and age characteristics of morbidity.
Conclusion. At the present stage, it is necessary to develop new methodological approaches for the analysis of the temporary disability at the regional and municipal levels, their introduction into the system of social and hygienic monitoring and the system of risk management for public health. The use of the indicator "number of people employed in the economy" to analyze temporary disability at the territorial (regional, municipal) level more accurately reflects the level of morbidity of the permanent population living in the study area.
Ethics. The conclusion of the local Ethics Committee is not required for conducting the study.
Cytospora: an important genus of canker pathogens
Authors: Lin L. , Fan X.L. , Groenewald J.Z. , Jami F. , Wingfield M.J. , Voglmayr H. , Jaklitsch W. , Castlebury L.A. , Tian C.M. , Crous P.W.
Published: September 2024

Cytospora species have commonly been reported as important plant pathogenic fungi with wide host ranges and geographic distributions. With the increase in the number of cryptic species being described, a comprehensive global taxonomic revision of the genus Cytospora is
required. The present study includes 399 isolates from 32 countries. These isolates were subjected to DNA sequence analysis for five genomic loci (ITS, act1, rpb2, tef1-α and tub2). Based on these data, it could be confirmed that Cytospora, Leucostoma,
Valsa, Valsella and Valseutypella are congeneric. Furthermore, 111 species of Cytospora could also be reassessed, 44 species and four combinations newly introduced, and new typifications proposed for a further three species. Three asexual morphological groups (including
13 asexual morphological types) and three sexual morphological groups (including eight sexual morphological types) were designated. The present study explored the species diversity of Cytospora and re-evaluated the identity of all cultures in the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
(Utrecht, The Netherlands) that were deposited as either Cytospora or as one of its related genera. This is the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis thus far conducted on Cytospora and the results contribute to an increased understanding of the taxonomy of these important
fungi. It is also hoped that the findings will lead to improved management strategies for diseases associated Cytospora species.
Changes in YouTube’s Content Moderation Policy Had Little Detectable Impact on Election Denial Content
Authors: Pisharody Nilima , Norton Sean T. , Greene Kevin T. , Shapiro Jacob Poynor
Published: September 2024

While a growing body of research examines the effect of deplatforming, the blanket banning of certain types of content and users, on social media discourse, comparatively little research examines the effect of replatforming, when social media companies remove such blanket bans. We exploit such a policy change, YouTube’s June 2nd decision to stop removing content denying the validity of the 2020 US Presidential Election, to examine the effect of replatforming content. Using data from YouTube, Facebook, Telegram conspiracy groups, and Google, we find no evidence that YouTube’s policy change increased demand for or supply of election denial content over the short term. These results are consistent across all platforms and three different methodologies: regression discontinuity models, structural topic models, and a Bayesian structural time series model. This suggests that replatforming alone, when conducted after the effective marginalization of the targeted content, has minimal shortterm effects on the spread of previously-prohibited content.
From labs to living rooms: Evaluating humans’ perception of value-laden decisions made by humanoid robot
Authors: Ciupińska Kinga , De Tommaso Davide , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: September 2024

This study investigated human responses to value-laden decisions made by a humanoid robot, focusing on the values of privacy, freedom, and norms. Participants interacted with a humanoid robot, iCub, across 30 scenarios, each involving actions that varied in the degree to which they violated these values. The results revealed that participants were most likely to tolerate robot behaviors that infringed on freedom and least likely to agree to behaviors that violated norms, with privacy-related violations falling in between. Additionally, response times increased as the severity of value violation increased, suggesting greater cognitive effort when participants faced more severe ethical dilemmas. Text analysis of participants’ explanations for rejecting certain robot behaviors highlighted concerns over autonomy, data protection, and adherence to household norms. The most important result from our study is that people tend to prioritize social norms over other principles. Such prioritization of values needs to be taken into account in the design of value-aware AI systems. Overall, these findings shed light on our understanding of how humans perceive social robots in relation to value-awareness behaviors, linking behavioral and self-report indicators.
Exploring Cross-Language Transfer Among Children in Multilingual Education: A Longitudinal Study in Luxembourg
Authors: Wealer Cyril , Fricke Silke , Engel de Abreu Pascale M. J.
Published: September 2024

This longitudinal study explores cross-language transfer among children attending multilingual public schools in Luxembourg, where Luxembourgish is the instruction language in kindergarten and German the language of instruction in elementary school. Following 132 children from kindergarten (age 5) to grade 2 (age 7), annual assessments were conducted to evaluate their vocabulary proficiency in both Luxembourgish and German. Bilingual learners were systematically classified based on theoretically motivated criteria, encompassing home language background and Luxembourgish language proficiency. Longitudinal analyses were carried out employing linear mixed models and multigroup path modelling, targeting both monolinguals and various groups of bilingual learners. The results provide robust support for the presence of cross- language transfer between Luxembourgish and German. Notably, Luxembourgish vocabulary proficiency in kindergarten emerged as a significant predictor of subsequent German proficiency for both monolingual and bilingual learners. Furthermore, bilingual learners with lower Luxembourgish vocabulary in kindergarten exhibited compromised German vocabulary in elementary school. These findings underscore the importance of cross-language transfer theories and their implications for multilingual education practices in Luxembourg.
Economics of Retaining Employment: Whether a Company Should Supplement Funds for Educational Purpose
Authors: Putra Diva Haqina
Published: September 2024

This paper analyzes the decision-making process between employees and employers regarding educational funding requests, using game theory. Employees, especially those with strong performance and alternative job offers, possess high bargaining power when negotiating for educational sponsorship as part of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The study models the interaction between employees and employers as a dynamic game with complete information, incorporating two subgames. In the first subgame, the employee decides whether to ask for funding, and the employer responds by accepting or rejecting the request. In the second subgame, the employee determines whether to stay or leave based on the employer's decision. The results show that the Nash Equilibrium suggests the optimal solution for both parties is for the employee to ask for funding, the employer to accept, and the employee to stay with the company. The analysis underscores the importance of investing in employee education for long-term organizational growth and retention.Keywords: Game theory, educational funding, employee bargaining power, corporate social responsibility (CSR), Nash equilibrium, employee retention.
Interactive Real-Time Earthquake Simulation in Virtual Reality for Enhanced Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Zhang Emily H. , Chi Jian
Published: September 2024

The field of earthquake simulation has seen significant advancements in recent years, particularly with the integration of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies. These innovations offer potential improvements in disaster preparedness, providing immersive and interactive experiences that traditional methods cannot match. Despite the progress, a critical research question remains: how can we optimize real-time earthquake simulations in VR to maximize their educational and training effectiveness? This paper addresses this question by developing and evaluating a state-of-the-art interactive VR system designed for real-time earthquake simulation. Our approach leverages advanced seismic data visualization, haptic feedback mechanisms, and user interface optimizations to create a highly immersive and realistic experience. We conducted extensive usability tests and disaster preparedness drills in both controlled environments and real-world scenarios to validate our system's efficacy. Our main contributions include a novel framework for integrating complex seismic models into VR environments, a user-centered design that enhances interactivity and engagement, and an evaluation methodology that measures the impact of VR experiences on disaster preparedness. Experimental results demonstrate that participants using our system showed a significant increase in both knowledge retention and procedural readiness compared to those using traditional learning methods. Our findings suggest that interactive real-time earthquake simulations in VR not only enhance user engagement but are also highly effective tools for disaster preparedness training. This research paves the way for future explorations into VR applications for emergency response and public safety education.
A Comparison of Real and Hypothetical Computerized Delay Discounting Tasks with Matching Delay Durations and Reward Values in Typically Developing Adolescents
Authors: Utsumi Daniel , Miranda Monica , Pompeia Sabine
Published: September 2024

Delay discounting (DD) tasks involve choosing between smaller immediate rewards and larger delayed rewards aiming to assess choice impulsivity, a typical behavior in adolescence. The predominant task types are 'hypothetical' (imagined delays and rewards) and 'real' (experienced delays and real rewards). Although often considered equivalent, these tasks frequently involve different delays and rewards. Hence, it is unclear whether they assess the same cognitive abilities. Our study aimed to cross-sectionally compare performance in 'hypothetical' and 'real' computerized DD tasks with matching delays and rewards across adolescence in 69 typically developing 9 to 18-year-olds. The dependent variable was DD scores, measured by the area under the curve (AUC) (higher AUC indicates lower impulsivity) with age as a continuous predictor. We found that the DD performance improved with age in the ‘real’ task, better described as a curvilinear than linear pattern that peaked between 14-17 years, possibly due to increased reward sensitivity. Performance on the 'hypothetical' task did not change with age and, overall, was higher, suggesting that adolescents, especially younger ones, overestimate their ability to wait for hypothetical rewards. Hence, in adolescents, 'hypothetical' and 'real' tasks lead to different results even when the delay duration and reward magnitudes are matched.
Moral Psychology and Utilitarianism
Authors: Caviola Lucius , Greene Joshua D.
Published: September 2024

According to utilitarianism, we should improve the lives of humans and other sentient beings as much as possible. As an abstract ideal, utilitarianism has a natural appeal and may even sound like simple common sense. But utilitarianism has some implications—some merely theoretical, some very practical—that are counter-intuitive. When utilitarianism runs counter to our moral intuitions, is that because of a problem with utilitarianism or with our moral intuitions? In this article, we discuss the different ways in which human moral psychology and behavior deviate from what utilitarianism prescribes. We focus on psychological deviations from key aspects of utilitarianism: impartiality, maximization, consequentialism, and aggregate-welfarist values. Finally, we consider the normative implications of psychological science for utilitarianism. We conclude that the science of morality cannot show that utilitarianism is correct but that it can cast doubt on certain intuitive arguments against utilitarianism.
Modular Maximization Theory: A Functional Account of Economic Behavior in Laboratory Animal Models with Applications to Drug-Seeking Behavior
Authors: Sanabria Federico , Gildea Matthew , Gutierrez Brissa , Santos Cristina , Hibshman Adeline
Published: September 2024

Substance abuse research depends on precise and sensitive assessments of reinforcer efficacy in animal models. However, conventional methods often lack theoretical rigor and specificity to support these assessments. To address these gaps, the Modular Maximization Theory (MMT) is introduced as a comprehensive framework for understanding instrumental behavior. Like earlier maximization theories, MMT posits that behavior is distributed across alternatives to maximize utility over time. This concept is structured through five foundational postulates that define alternative actions and rules for choosing between them as budget constraints and utility functions. A key innovation of MMT is its incorporation of reinforcer utilization—encompassing both consummatory and post-consummatory activities—into the budget-constraint function. A model of ratio-schedule performance is developed under the assumption that utilization is proportional to demand, with utility represented as an additive power function of reinforcer magnitude. This model, termed PURSPU (Proportional Utilization, Ratio Schedule, Power Utility), effectively explains how reinforcer magnitude, response effort, non-contingent reinforcement, and income influence demand curves, behavior-output functions, dose-response relationships, and progressive-ratio breakpoints, while accounting for rate-dependent effects. The model also offers novel insights into choice behavior, including concurrent-schedule performance, income dependency, and delay discounting, as well as post-reinforcement pauses and run rates. Variations in budget constraints and utility functions are proposed as alternative models. Potential theoretical advancements, more targeted assessments of drug abuse liability, and the broader role of MMT in understanding human drug abuse are explored.