bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translation and cultural adaptation of Hearing Aid Skills and Knowledge Test into Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Melo Monique de , Catalani Brenda , Oliveira Jerusa Roberta Massola de , Mondelli Maria Fernanda Capoani Garcia
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Purpose The study aimed at the translation and cultural adaptation of the Hearing Aid Skills and Knowledge Test (HASK) into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods This is a qualitative study of the translation and cultural processes of an adaptation measure from English to Brazilian Portuguese based on the method proposed by Lins et al. (2017) and Beaton et al. (2000). In all, 38 hearing aids users were selected for the study, recruited in Hearing Health Service of the Institution, eligible by inclusion and exclusion criteria, accepted under the number 3,228,085. Results The process of translation and cultural adaptation chosen was divided into 5 stages, among them: (1) Translation of the original version into Portuguese, carried out by two different translators, which gave rise to the Portuguese Consensus 1 version; 2) Evaluation by the professional committee. Among of the 53 translated terms, 23 obtained semantic equivalence and two did not achieved conceptual, idiomatic and experimental equivalence. This step resulted in Consensus Version 2; (3) The Back-Translation was carried out to compare the Consensus 2 Version to the original. The test author confirmed the equivalence between both; (4) Consensus Version 2 was submitted to a panel of patients, in which three participants indicated the test difficulty level as easy and three as medium. At this stage, it was established the Final Version of the test; (5) Application of the Final Version in the step pre-test, which highlights the importance of contextualizing two terms by the professional who applied the test. Conclusion The HASK test was translated and adapted to the Portuguese language, with semantic, experimental and conceptual equivalence.
Association between the number of swallowing, pharyngeal residue and bronchopulmonary aspiration in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Santos Ana Carolina dos , Gonçalves Maria Inês Rebelo , Vicente Laelia Cristina Caseiro
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the association between the number of swallows and the presence of pharyngeal residue and bronchoaspiration in people with Multiple Sclerosis. Methods An observational cross-sectional study of videofluoroscopic examinations of 231 swallows from individuals with Multiple Sclerosis. Three speech therapists evaluated IDDSI 1 (International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative) (5ml and 10ml) and IDDSI 4 (8ml) deglutitions for pharyngeal residue and penetration/ aspiration. Swallows with no pharyngeal residue were classified as swallows without pharyngeal residue (SWTR) and those with pharyngeal residue (SWR), the latter subdivided into pharyngeal residue in all or occasional offerings (SWR1 e SWR2). The number of swallows was analyzed by a blind evaluator and compared with demographic and clinical data. Results Of the 231 swallows, 73 (31.6%) showed pharyngeal residues. The mean number of swallows was similar in the deglutitions with and without pharyngeal residues in each consistency and volume and in the variables age, gender, type of Multiple Sclerosis and functional disability. There was an association between the mean number of swallows and the absence of penetration/aspiration when comparing deglutitions with and without pharyngeal residues, in SWR2 and in individuals over 50 years of age. When analyzing intragroup, an association was observed in SWR, being higher in the absence of penetration/aspiration and in SWR2. Conclusion There was no correlation between the number of swallows and the presence of residues in pharyngeal recesses in multiple sclerosis. However, the number of swallows was higher when there was residue and absence of dysphagia and penetration/aspiration, and in older individuals.
Usos da antropofagia: canibalismo caleidoscópico
Authors: Marino Rafael
Published: November 2022

Resumo O presente artigo tem duas intenções principais, a saber: em primeiro lugar, mostrar, contra parte significante da bibliografia, que não foram apenas os tropicalistas que teriam herdado e atualizado o legado antropofágico e, em segundo lugar, que a melhor forma de mapear o legado antropofágico seria a utilização da noção de uso e não de, por assim dizer, hereditariedade ou continuidade. À vista disto, sugerimos que: (a) a noção de uso seria a melhor forma de estudo desta história intelectual; (b) os diferentes usos são condicionados a partir de influxos políticos, materiais e ideológicos distintos, o que leva ao estímulo ou não de certos aspectos de sua produção e (c) seis seriam alguns dos usos por nós cartografados. Outra ideia-força que subjaz de nosso trabalho é a de que a antropofagia é sistematicamente revisitada por formalizar elementos (e efeitos) decisivos da colonização no Brasil.
Entre o vínculo e o distanciamento: desafios na atuação de Agentes Comunitárias de Saúde
Authors: Martins Maique Berlote , Carbonai Davide
Published: November 2022

Resumo Agentes Comunitárias de Saúde (ACS) são burocratas de nível de rua que desempenham um papel fundamental na implementação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Sua função envolve o estabelecimento de um vínculo com as famílias atendidas por este serviço de saúde, o que permite conhecer a realidade do território e as vulnerabilidades da população. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a configuração das interações de ACS na implementação da APS com enfoque nas alterações causadas pelas mudanças recentes nesta política e pela pandemia de Covid-19. Foi realizada uma etnografia em uma Unidade de Saúde de APS na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS. Durante quatro meses, observamos o trabalho de seis ACS, analisando suas principais atividades e as mudanças na sua rotina. Além disso, também foram realizadas seis entrevistas semiestruturadas para compor a análise. Foi possível identificar que a organização interna da Unidade de Saúde não está orientada ao trabalho comunitário e à identificação das demandas no território. ACS estão perdendo o vínculo com a população e limitando-se a funções burocráticas. Os territórios e as famílias mais vulneráveis são os mais afetados com essas mudanças, pois deixam de ter seus problemas reconhecidos pela política pública.
Relações de gênero e poder no contexto das vulnerabilidades de mulheres às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis
Authors: Moura Samy Loraynn Oliveira , Silva Maria Adelane Monteiro da , Moreira Andréa Carvalho Araújo , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra
Published: November 2022

Objetivou-se investigar as relações de gênero e poder no contexto das vulnerabilidades de mulheres às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvido com oito mulheres em fase reprodutiva e com histórico de contaminação por infecção sexualmente transmissível. Os dados produzidos por entrevistas estruturadas foram submetidos à análise temática proposta por Bardin. As mulheres são retraídas em posição de submissão, refletindo a forte influência de gênero nas relações afetivas conjugais, situação que dificulta o diálogo e a negociação de uma relação sexual segura, além de contribuir para que a mulher não se reconheça como um sujeito de direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Portanto, elas devem ser sensibilizadas por meio de intervenções que estimulem o empoderamento para a negociação do sexo seguro, o protagonismo e o reconhecimento de si como um sujeito de direitos sexuais e reprodutivos.
Competência cultural no cuidado de Enfermagem à pessoa com deficiência: notas sobre a formação do enfermeiro
Authors: Lacerda Josefa Fernanda Evangelista de , Maia Evanira Rodrigues , Moreira Maria Rosilene Cândido , Santos Paula Suene Pereira dos , Farias Andreia Chaves
Published: November 2022

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a formulação de competência cultural para o cuidado de Enfermagem à pessoa com deficiência. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e documental realizado por meio da análise de projetos pedagógicos de cursos de graduação em Enfermagem. Os dados foram analisados no software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnairese, associado ao referencial teórico Transcultural Interprofessional Practice. A classificação hierárquica descendente originou duas classes, abordando o desenvolvimento da competência cultural para o cuidado de enfermagem individual e coletivo da pessoa com deficiência por meio de evidências científicas nos diferentes ciclos de vida e níveis de atenção, com ênfase na reabilitação e comunicação no processo saúde-doença. A formulação da competência cultural foi abordada de modo amplo e inespecífico, requerendo inclusão nos currículos de disciplinas que abordem a temática.
User Embracement in the Family Health Strategy: analysis of implementation in a large municipality of Northeast Brazil
Authors: Melo Milena Vieira da Silva , Forte Franklin Delano Soares , Brito Geraldo Eduardo Guedes , Pontes Maria de Lourdes de Farias , Pessoa Talitha Rodrigues Ribeiro Fernandes
Published: November 2022

User embracement requires an ethical and political posture in the reorganization of the work process in Primary Health Care (PHC). The objective was to analyze the implementation of user embracement in a Family Health Unit (FHU) in a large municipality of northeast Brazil. Case study with a qualitative method using semi-structured interviews with ten professionals. Qualitative data submitted to content analysis, under the paradigm of social production of health. The positive perception of professionals emerged from categories related to: facilitating access to the FHU, resolutivity, optimized work process and humanization. The implementation provided significant and sustainable changes, with an impact on the management and care of the PHC.
Productive parameters in three production models: floor, cage and grazing in layer poultry in Ocaña Norte de Santander
Authors: MEZA Myriam Quintero , LOBO Katty Andrea Torrado , SANCHEZ Yesenia Picon , HURTADO Naudin Alejandro Lugo
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the three housing systems in laying birds to determine animal welfare and productivity parameters of the Isa Brown line. 135 laying hens distributed in 45 hens were used for each exploitation system; the managed feeding was 114gr/bird/day in the floor and cage systems for the entire trial period, for the grazing system 14 gr less of concentrate were used; the study had a duration of 8 weeks, of which the first was for accustoming and 7 for testing; At the end of each week, 9 eggs were collected to be studied and analyzed in the animal nutrition laboratory, using 3 eggs for each housing system. The information obtained was analyzed using SPSS for each variable. The parameters of production, consumption, feed conversion, and egg weight, were evaluated; where one-factor ANOVA and Tukey HSD test and least significant difference. The percentage production was no significant difference between the three cage floor and grazing production models being (P-Value <0.05), for the food consumption parameter there is a significant difference (P-Value> 0.05) for each housing system (34.54 ± 6.93), also happened with the conversion variable between the floor, cage production models with the grazing one (1.93 ± 0.6), for the egg weight they were similar in all housing systems (61.1 g in cage, 60.8 g in floor and 60.6 g in grazing) where there were no significant differences. In conclusion, birds with a lower housing density allow better behavior, which is an indicator of comfort, generating higher productivity.
Repeatability coefficient for the determination of the optimal number of harvests for the selection of zucchini hybrids
Authors: Oliveira Maria Elisângela Ferreira de , Andrade Júnior Valter Carvalho de , Brito Orlando Gonçalves , Azevedo Sebastião Márcio , Silva Jeferson Carlos de Oliveira , Silva Eduardo Alves da , Azevedo Alcinei Mistico
Published: November 2022

Abstract The objective of this work was to estimate the optimal number of harvests for the reliable selection of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) hybrids through the repeatability coefficient. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with 33 treatments (31 experimental hybrids and 2 commercial ones) and four replicates, with six plants per plot. Fifteen harvests were carried out. Seven morphoagronomic fruit characteristics were evaluated, and repeatability coefficients were estimated using four statistical methods. The repeatability coefficients ranged from low to moderate, regardless of the studied characteristic. For a high-precision selection (R2≥90%), a high number of evaluated harvests was required, especially for traits related to fruit yield, as follows: 30 to 54 harvests for selection based on total yield; and 43 to 83 harvests for commercial yield, which varied according to the statistical estimation method. The principal component analysis based on the covariance matrix required the least number of harvests for a satisfactory selection precision. Fifteen harvests are sufficient for a satisfactory selection of all evaluated characteristics, with a precision above 70%.
Pedagogical practices and teacher autonomy in the context of elite bilingual education
Authors: Mayer Luana Francine , Koerner Rosana Mara
Published: November 2022

Abstract García (2009) Benson (1997) Benson and Huang (2008) Cunha (2007) Pesce (2012) Tardif (2002) Megale (2020)
Design of reinforced concrete structures from three-dimensional stress fields
Authors: Chen Reinaldo , Bittencourt Túlio Nogueira , Bella João Carlos Della
Published: November 2022

abstract: The design of reinforced concrete structures starting from a linear analysis is allowed by design codes and leads to safe solutions. The structural model built for the analysis may be composed not only of bar and shell elements, but also solid elements. In the present work, the formulation of the Reinforced Solid Method (RSM) was reviewed and applied to the Ultimate Limit State design of a reinforced concrete member, with the computation of the required reinforcement and concrete check of each individual solid element within the structural model. The results were visualized in a post-processor and validated by numerical simulations. The RSM effectively allows for the design of concrete structures with general geometry and loading conditions, whilst identifying local effects throughout the volume of the structure.
Tendência temporal de mortalidade por neoplasia maligna de mama e de colo de útero em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul: uma análise segundo faixa etária e escolaridade, 1999-2019
Authors: Pecinato Vanessa , Jacobo Andréia , Silva Shana Ginar da
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: analisar a tendência temporal de mortalidade por neoplasia maligna de mama e de colo de útero em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 1999 a 2019. Métodos: estudo de série temporal a partir de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade; os coeficientes padronizados de mortalidade foram calculados segundo idade e escolaridade e a tendência, avaliada por regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: observou-se estabilidade nos coeficientes gerais de mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero (β = -0,03 – IC95% -0,08;0,02) e por câncer de mama (β = -0,006 – IC95% -0,02;0,01) no período avaliado; para ambos tipos de câncer, identificou-se tendência ascendente dos coeficientes em mulheres com até 7 anos de estudo; entretanto, tendência estacionária foi observada na maior parte dos estratos etários analisados. Conclusão: mulheres em idades mais avançadas e com baixa escolaridade foram aquelas com pior prognóstico da doença.
Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of RSW joints of 7075T-6 containing Sc
Authors: Ma Chaofan , Shen Jun , Li Hao , Zeng Chengzong , Xie Fuxing
Published: November 2022

Currently, resistance spot welding (RSW) is a common welding method used in automobile and other industries, and 7000 series aluminum (Al) alloys have become a very common industrial material because of their high strength and easy machinability. Scandium (Sc) is often used for alloy strengthening; however, there are few studies on the RSW joints of aluminum alloys containing scandium. Here, 7075-T6 alloys containing a small amount of scandium were obtained to investigate the joint of resistance spot weldability. The simulation shows that the effective contact area between the aluminum sheet surface is about 19.5%, which is an important factor in nucleation. It was found that the average grain size of the nugget decreased from 51.51 ± 5.74 to 8.15 ± 1.09 μm when scandium was added from 0 to 0.4 wt%, which is mainly due to Al3Sc particles acting as a heterogeneous nucleus in the melt. The test results show that the tensile shear strength of welded joints with 0.4 wt% scandium addition is 29.2% higher than that of the joints without scandium because of grain refinement strengthening.
Cogestión del agua entre actores públicos y comunitarios como herramienta de adaptación al cambio climático global: el caso de la Comuna Santa Clara de San Millán, DM Quito
Authors: Pacheco Peña Daniel , Lema Quinga Luis , Yánez Moretta Patricio
Published: November 2022

La gestión del agua en comunidades rurales, urbanas y periurbanas es un tema prioritario para el desarrollo del ser humano; en el presente artículo se puntualizan ideas relacionadas con la cogestión adecuada de este recurso (entre actores comunitarios y públicos) como una herramienta de adaptación a escenarios contemporáneos de Cambio Climático Global. El área de estudio corresponde a una zona periurbana de Quito. Se ordenó y procesó la información con el software ATLAS.ti y un sistema de información geográfica; la normativa vigente fue jerarquizada a través de una Pirámide de Kelsen. Los resultados generados se dividen en tres apartados que conceptualizan las bases para un adecuado manejo del agua, considerando modelos de gestión con enfoque territorial y medidas de adaptación al Cambio Climático ejecutadas a través de la cogestión entre actores. Este modelo de acción constituye una herramienta consistente para el manejo del recurso agua, así como de otros recursos naturales.
Caracterización de Neumonías y bacterias neumónicas en alpacas (Vicugna pacos) en comunidades altoandinas de Huancavelica, Perú
Authors: Carhuapoma Delacruz Víctor , Valencia Mamani Nicasio , Paucar- Chanca Rufino , Salas Contreras William H , Morales-Cauti Siever
Published: November 2022

Las patologías neumónicas son de importancia clínica en crianza de alpacas; sin embargo, el conocimiento de tipos neumónicos y las causas bacterianas es muy limitado. El objetivo es caracterizar las neumonías y las bacterias causantes de neumonías en neonatos de alpacas muertas en comunidades altoandinas de Huancavelica, Perú. La muestra consistió en 365 crías muertas de alpacas menores de 45 días de edad, procedentes de 10 comunidades; se tomaron hisopados traqueales en 216 de ellas para estudios microbiológicos con buffer peptonada por resultar casos de neumonías. La identificación macroscópica de neumonías se hizo mediante el test foto documentador. Se cultivaron la Pasteurella multocida y Mannheimia haemolytica en agar Colombia enriquecidas con sangre de alpaca; Streptococcus pneumoniae en agar Infusión Cerebro Corazón suplementadas con sangre de alpaca e identificadas mediante caracterización morfológica, microscópica, reacciones bioquímicas y optoquina. Se encontraron 59,8% de mortalidad por neumonía y 40,2% por otras causas, caracterizándose neumonía por inflamación 55,1%; 44,9% por lesión y subtipos: Exudativa 9,5%, Supurativa 3,8%, Proliferativa 42,3%, Lobar 17,8%, Intersticial 26,6%, aislándose cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae 43,7%, Mannheimia haemolytica 14,9%, Pasteurella multocida 20,9%, asociadas con Streptococcus pneumoniae-Pasteurella multocida 10,7%. Se evidenció una alta frecuencia de tipos, subtipos de neumonías asociados a bacterias Gram (+) como causales de neumonías en crías de alpaca con predomino en tres comunidades altoandinas de Huancavelica, Perú.
Cebos para Anastrepha fraterculus con proteína hidrolizada de subproductos agroindustriales pretratados con Radiación Gamma
Authors: Sinche Serra Marco Vinicio , Jácome Camacho Gonzalo Rafael , Castillo Domínguez Juan Patricio , Constante Pila María Belén , Castro Valencia Cristhian Patricio
Published: November 2022

La mosca de la fruta (Anastrepha fraterculus) afecta a varios cultivos ecuatorianos con potencial de exportación. En la actualidad, para el monitoreo de esta plaga, se emplea un cebo importado que tiene un alto costo. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo formular cebos atrayentes de mosca de la fruta que puedan reemplazar al cebo comercial. Como materia prima se empleó torta de soya, torta de palmiste, sangre bovina y suero de leche; cada material fue irradiado con una dosis de 20 kGy, en una fuente de cobalto-60, como pretratamiento. Luego, la proteína se extrajo y se hidrolizó con una solución de bromelina de 0,025 UA/mL, a pH 7,0 y 50 °C, durante 30 min. Los cebos fueron formulados con proteína hidrolizada, melaza, agua y bórax y fueron colocados en trampas McPhail. La evaluación en campo se llevó a cabo en cultivos de chirimoya (Annona cherimola) y guayaba (Psidium guajava). En el proceso enzimático se alcanzaron grados de hidrólisis entre el 19,16 y 26,64 %. Por electroforesis SDS-PAGE, se determinó que los hidrolizados proteicos contenían péptidos con pesos moleculares entre 5 y 20 kDa. Se encontró que el cebo de proteína hidrolizada de palmiste y el cebo comercial fueron estadísticamente iguales en la cantidad de moscas atrapadas, mientras que el de lactosuero presentó un mayor índice MTD (moscas capturadas por trampa, por día). Los cebos formulados podrían ser una alternativa más económica que el cebo importado para el monitoreo de la mosca de la fruta en el Ecuador.
Indicadores Fisicoquímicos del suelo con Manejo Convencional Del Arroz (Oriza sativa L.) Bajo Riego
Authors: Florida Rofner Nelino , Trigoso Becerril Daniel , Rengifo Rojas Alex
Published: November 2022

La investigación evaluó el efecto del manejo convencional del arroz bajo riego en indicadores fisicoquímicos del suelo, en los fundos Mercedes y Pérez, en Yurimaguas, Perú. Es una investigación no experimental comparativa, con ajuste estadístico de diseño completamente aleatorizado, donde los tratamientos lo constituyen el bosque secundario (BS), el manejo convencional del arroz de: uno (A1), cinco (A5) y nueve años (A9); evaluándose indicadores fisicoquímicos del suelo en estratos de 0,0 a 0,2 y 0,2 a 0,4 m. Los resultados mostraron diferencias en las fracciones, con reducción inicial de arena, limo e incremento de arcilla y en el tiempo ligera recuperación de la fracción arena, limo y reducción de arcilla. Los indicadores químicos según tratamientos y estratos presentan diferencias, excepto el potasio (K); el manejo afecta significativamente al inicio del proceso productivo (A1) reduciendo los niveles del potencial de hidrogeno (pH), materia orgánica (MO), nitrógeno (N), fosforo (P), potasio (K+), calcio (Ca2+) y magnesio (Mg2+) e incrementando el aluminio (Al3+), acidez cambiable (AC) y saturación de aluminio (SAl); de igual forma, se observa la recuperación en el tiempo (A9), excepto en MO y N que descienden a niveles muy bajos. En conclusión, el manejo convencional muestra efectos significativos entre tratamientos e indicadores evaluados en ambos estratos, afectando negativamente al inicio (A1) y recuperándose con el tiempo (A9); sin embargo, se observan efectos negativos a largo plazo en los niveles de MO y N.
Modified EMP ITS Illumina Amplicon Protocol v1
Authors: P. Smith Dylan
Published: November 2022

The ITS protocol detailed here is designed to amplify fungal microbial eukaryotic lineages using paired-end community sequencing on the Illumina platform with primersITS1f-ITS2 (EMP.ITSkabir). Note: This a modified version used in biocrust project at University of California Riverside.
Supplementary Material: An in silico approach to understanding the interaction between cardiovascular and pulmonary lymphatic dysfunction v2
Authors: Burrowes Kelly
Published: November 2022

The lung is extremely sensitive to interstitial fluid balance, yet the role of pulmonary lymphatics in lung fluid homeostasis and its interaction with cardiovascular pressures is poorly understood. In health, there is a fine balance between fluid extravasated from the pulmonary capillaries into the interstitium and the return of fluid to the circulation via the lymphatic vessels. This balance is maintained by an extremely interdependent system governed by pressures in the fluids (air and blood) and tissue (interstitium), lung motion during breathing, and the permeability of the tissues. Chronic elevation in left atrial pressure (LAP) due to left heart disease increases the capillary blood pressure. The consequent fluid accumulation in the delicate lung tissue increases its weight, decreases its compliance, and impairs gas exchange. This interdependent system is difficult, if not impossible, to study experimentally. Computational modelling provides a unique perspective to analyse fluid movement in the cardiopulmonary vasculature in health and disease. We have developed an initial in-silico model of pulmonary lymphatic function using an anatomically-derived structure to represent ventilation and perfusion, and underlying biophysical laws governing fluid transfer at the interstitium. This novel model was tested against increased LAP and non-cardiogenic effects (increased permeability). The model returned physiologically reasonable values for all applications, predicting pulmonary oedema when LAP reached 25 mmHg and with increased permeability.
Assessing and validating young Kazakhstanis’ reading skills in English, the impact of classroom climate, and their engagement on reading skills
Authors: Akhmetova Aigul , Soeharto Soeharto , Imambayeva Gaysha , Csapó Benő
Published: November 2022

Improving reading skills in English for young Kazakhstani learners is a challenging process, but it was unfortunate that teachers in Kazakhstan do not frequently apply and implement assessments in the context of a school or classroom.  Following a pilot study conducted in 2018, a continuous assessment was considered necessary to highlight the errors and challenges related to such unfortunate condition. This study performed validation and assessment of reading skills in English as a foreign language (EFL) within a classroom climate and in relation to the engagement of students in grades 6 and 8 in Kazakhstan. The participants were chosen randomly from seven secondary schools in a major city. The first language of all the participants (N = 1,206) was either Kazakh or Russian. Data from 906 students following data screening were analyzed. EFL Reading comprehension tests and a questionnaire regarding the students’ classroom climate and engagement were administered via the eDia online assessment platform. The analysis involved an exploratory factor analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis, and an internal consistency test using Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, and construct validity. To determine the effects of factors detected from the background variables on students’ reading results in EFL, a regression analysis was conducted. As results, no gender differences were found for either grade. However, in grade 6, students whose first language was Kazakh performed better than the students whose first language and/or language spoken at home was Russian. In grade 8, the differences between Kazakh and Russian students were negative but non-significant. Nevertheless, despite the weak relationship between the latent factors and reading skills, both grades showed a good model fit to the data and good factor loadings. Implication of the study and further research are also discussed.
Using linguistic-informed analysis to assess model texts for EFL reading and writing
Authors: Mamac Monaliza Hernandez , Bangga Lungguh Ariang
Published: November 2022

English as Foreign Language (EFL) textbooks contain texts with topics integrated from content areas, such as science. In Thai basic education, learning in content areas is typically done in Thai. Therefore, EFL reading texts provide learners with primary exposure to building content knowledge in English. This raises an issue about how the language of these EFL texts is organised, and if they can help the learners’ transition to university where they are required to read content area texts in English. The paper provides an in-depth demonstration of how linguistic analysis can inform the choice of model texts for teaching EFL reading. It deploys a qualitative linguistic analysis method drawing on Systemic Functional Linguistics. The data are the scientific descriptive report texts in EFL textbooks used in a Southern Thailand secondary school. They are compiled in a small corpus, and one text is selected purposively to demonstrate how linguistic analysis can be used to assess the text. The text is analysed using a ‘top-down’ approach, from genre stratum down to the lexicogrammar, with the purpose of examining the text’s ideational, interpersonal, and textual resources to build up scientific knowledge. The findings show that the text does not conform to scientific descriptive reports’ discursive and linguistic features due to its extra stages, incomplete scientific taxonomies, relatively low technicality, low social distance and authority, and incoherent thematic flow. Hence, the quality of the text as a model becomes problematic. Learners learning from these teaching materials may experience challenges when they read authentic science texts at the university level. The paper offers a viable alternative methodological resource for educators to use a systematic, critical and linguistically-grounded evaluation in EFL reading classes.
Lexical development in an Indonesian-Balinese bilingual child
Authors: Adnyani Ni Luh Putu Sri , Wisudariani Ni Made Rai , Swandana I Wayan
Published: November 2022

It is debatable whether bilingual children can distinguish between their two languages from an early age. This study aims to describe how a bilingual infant differentiates between her two languages, focusing on the acquisition of a dual vocabulary. This topic is addressed in a bilingual case study of an infant who acquired a national language (Indonesian) and an indigenous language (Balinese) simultaneously from birth until the age of one year and eleven months. Within the family, the two languages are used interchangeably. The parents' native language is Balinese, and Indonesian is the neighbourhood’s lingua franca. However, within the peer group, Indonesian is the dominant language. Daily diaries are used to record the child's vocabulary development in combination with weekly video recordings in the two language settings. The study shows that the child develops vocabulary in both Indonesian and Balinese. Since Indonesian and Balinese are closely related, the child also develops words that are shared by the two languages. During the development of the child’s vocabulary, Indonesian words outnumbered Balinese words due to the dominant use of Indonesian in the environment. The research demonstrates that translation equivalents (TEs) mean those language choices are available from the early stages of language development. The study shows that translation equivalents (TEs) demonstrate those language choices are available from the initial stages of language development. The findings highlight that a child who is exposed to two closely related languages can differentiate different language systems from an early age. Despite the child's ability to differentiate between the two languages, the national language develops at a far quicker rate than the indigenous language.
Beyond Digital Literacy in Australian Prisons: Theorizing “Network Literacy,” Intersectionality, and Female Incarcerated Students
Authors: Hopkins Susan
Published: November 2022

Incarcerated students, especially women and Indigenous Australians in custody, are among the most marginalized, oppressed, and invisible identities in Australian society today. These prison-based university students experience not only multi-layered disadvantages that derive from intersecting experiences of oppression, including race, gender, and class, but they are also further disadvantaged by the experience of incarceration itself, despite their attempts to improve their life chances and social positioning through distance education. This is partly due to the challenges of learning within prison environments, including disruptions, disparities, and disconnections in terms of access to digital technologies, digital literacies, and digital channels. The majority of Australian prisoners have no direct access to the internet, smartphones, or internet-enabled devices which means they are disconnected from social media and other networked communication platforms. Although significant gains have been made in developing and delivering prison-based non-networked digital devices, digital learning platforms and digital education to Australian incarcerated students over the past decade, more work must be done to adequately prepare incarcerated students, with multi-faceted needs, to live and learn as empowered agents within the informational capitalism of the contemporary “network society.” The purpose of this article is to argue for a new form of “network literacy” education over and above “digital literacy” skills for female Australian incarcerated students, through an intersectional theoretical lens which addresses the multidimensional disadvantages experienced by women in custody within Australian prisons.
GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SEISMIC REFLECTIONS IN THE SEDIMENTARY COVER OF THE EASTERN PART OF THE ABSHERON-PREBALKHAN RIDGE
Authors:   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Abdulla-zade M.
Published: November 2022

The Absheron-Prebalkhan tectonic zone, often called as the Absheron-Prebalkhan ridge, is a link between two large oil and gas basins of the world, which differ in the genetic level of the basement, i.e.: the South Caspian (SCB) and the Middle Caspian basins (MCB). The considered area has been completely covered by detailed seismic and gravity surveys over the past decades. The article presents material illustrating the information content of seismic sections in different parts of the region, which are characterized by different seismogeological conditions. As a result of the analysis of the latter, the author specified and determined four seismic horizons: SH-A (Akchagyl), SH-I (tops of RS), SH-II (horizon VIII) and SH-III (lower RS) based on the dynamic expressiveness, length, and resolution of the record. The tracking quality of these horizons is not the same. The identification of seismic intervals, which correspond to structural levels based on objectively determined seismic parameters, such as the configuration and relative position of reflections, their continuity, as well as the amplitude and frequency of seismic waves were the basis for seismic stratigraphic analysis of the wave field. The compiled schematic structural maps show the geological structure of the red-colored strata and Akchagyl deposits and the correlation of the structural plans of the latter clearly. Comparison of complex geological and geophysical materials allows to determine the character of the distribution of lithofacies features of RS deposits.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE ILYINETS IMPACT STRUCTURE ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   National University of ", Derevska К. ,   Kyiv-Mohyla Academy", Rudenko К. ,   National Science and Natural History Museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Shevchuk М. ,   National University of "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy", Myryzhuk E. ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2022

The article summarizes information about the Ilyinets structure exclusiveness, highlights its geological, mineralogical and geochemical, landscape and historical and cultural features. This topic relevance is due to the issues of preserving land resources within the cosmogenic landscape and assessing the state of the environment. The assessment of the ecological state of the study area made it possible to outline the threats to the environment within the Ilyinets crater. Among the natural origin threats, exogenous processes (geological work of surface waters, wind erosion, weathering) stand out, as a result of which ravines and gullies are formed; there is soil degradation, landscape changes and the like. Anthropogenic pressure carries two types of threats: unintentional actions to cause harm; and willful harm. The anthropogenic activity sometimes coincides with natural processes, raising their harmful consequences. In the work, stresses, critical, supercritical and catastrophic states of the environment of the Ilyinets impact structure are indicated. The characteristics and ranking of environmental threats are presented. The data obtained allow us to represent the ecological state of the Ilyinets crater as close to supercritical. We consider the administrative approach to the geological natural monuments allocation to be the main problem of the Ilyinets impact structure preservation. In order to stop the deterioration of the ecological state and preserve the unique natural structure, soils, landscapes and biogeodiversity of the territory, it is proposed to create the Ilyinets National Natural Park together with the existing botanical reserves, since increased ravine formation and intensive agricultural activities will lead to the land and forest resources degradation, impoverishment of biodiversity, as well as the loss of the recreational and tourist attractiveness of the region as a whole.
Türk Ordusunda Kadının Yeri: Tarihi Perspektiften Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Korkmaz Erdal
Published: November 2022

XIX. yüzyıl, dünyada önemli ve geri dönülemez değişikliklerin olduğu bir dönem olmuştur. Özellikle Sanayi İnkılâbı sonucu evrilen dünya düzeni, erkeğin yanında kadının da iş yaşamında yer almasına etki etmiştir. Liberalleşen dünyada kadın hak ve özgürlükleri daha çok gündeme getirilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu durum kadınların, profesyonel olarak çalışma hayatına girmesi ve toplumsal yaşamda daha çok söz sahibi olmasına yol açmıştır. Toplumların geleneksel anlayışları, siyasi gerçeklikleri, hayat felsefeleri veya dini kuralları gibi farklılıklar, ordularında kadın istihdamına yer verilip verilmeme sürecini etkilemiştir. XIX. ve XX. yüzyılda yaşanan insan odaklı değişim ve dönüşüm süreci, dünya toplumlarını olduğu kadar Türk toplumunu da etkilemiştir. Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün başlattığı Türk modernleşmesi, kadının her alanda istihdamını öngörmüştür. Bu durum, kadınlara sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasal hakların verilmesine zemin hazırlamıştır. Atatürk’ün başlattığı bu süreç, İkinci Dünya Harbi sonrasında Türk ordusunda kadınlara yer verilmesine etki etmiştir. Bu değişimde yaşam standardının yükselmesi, toplumsal bakış açısının dönüşümü ve eğitim seviyesinin artması gibi toplumsal refah ve kalkınmaya dönük eylem ve fiillerin etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türk Ordusu’nda kadının yerine tarihi bir perspektiften bakılarak, MSB Arşiv ve Askerî Tarih Daire Başkanlığı (ATASE) Arşivi’nden alınan arşiv belgeleri ve tetkik eserler kapsamında konu değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, Türk Ordusu’nda kadın istihdamı ve ilk kadın subayların kimler olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Böylece, toplumsal değişim ve dönüşüm sürecinde cinsiyet farklılıkları gözetilmeden kadının orduda yer almasının önemli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, ilk dönemlerde gönüllülük esası ile orduda görev alan Türk kadınının; değişen siyasal, toplumsal, ekonomik ve teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak profesyonel anlamda askerî platformlarda görev aldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
3D finite-difference method using discontinuous grids
Authors: Aoi Shin , Fujiwara Hiroyuki
Published: November 2022

We have formulated a 3D finite-difference method (FDM) using discontinuous grids, which is a kind of multigrid method. As long as uniform grids are used, the grid size is determined by the shortest wavelength to be calculated, and this constitutes a significant constraint on the introduction of low-velocity layers. We use staggered grids that consist of, on one hand, grids with fine spacing near the surface where the wave velocity is low, and on the other hand, grids whose spacing is three times coarser in the deeper region. In each region, we calculated the wavefield using a velocity-stress formulation of second-order accuracy and connected these two regions with linear interpolations. The second-order finite-difference (FD) approximation was used for updating. Since we did not use interpolations for updating, the time increments were the same in both regions. The use of discontinuous grids adapted to the velocity structure resulted in a significant reduction of computational requirements, which is model dependent but typically one-fifth to one-tenth, without a marked loss of accuracy.
The receiver structure beneath the China Digital Seismograph Network stations
Authors: Mangino S. , Priestley K. , Ebel J.
Published: November 2022

Six new crustal models for the region beneath the China Digital Seismograph Network stations are obtained by inversion and forward modeling broadband teleseismic P-wave receiver functions. The seismic phases modeled are primarily P-to-S conversions and reverberations generated at the two highest impedance interfaces: the Moho and the sediment-basement contact; these are the best-constrained features of the crustal models. Receiver functions from all of the stations show some indication of laterally varying structure, but relatively simple 1D models can represent the crustal structure beneath the three stations in northeast China and the two stations on the margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The station on the northern flank of the Tien Shan mountains is on a complex upper crustal structure that we represent with a 2D crustal model. Crustal velocity models and Moho depths from the receiver function analysis are compared with other compilations of Chinese crustal structure. These closely agree for the more uniform crustal region in northeastern China, but the differences are greater in southern and western China, where the crustal structure is more complex.
General theory of the modified Gutenberg-Richter law for large seismic moments
Authors: Sornette Didier , Sornette Anne
Published: November 2022

It is well known that the Gutenberg-Richter power law distribution has to be modified for large seismic moments because of energy conservation and geometrical reasons. Several models have been proposed, either in terms of a second power law with a larger b-value beyond a crossover magnitude, or based on a “hard” magnitude cut-off or a “soft” magnitude cut-off using an exponential taper. Since large-scale tectonic deformation is dominated by the very largest earthquakes, and since their impact on loss of life and properties is huge, it is of great importance to constrain as much as possible the shape of their distribution. We present a simple and powerful probabilistic theoretical approach that shows that the gamma distribution is the best model given the two hypotheses that the Gutenberg-Richter power law distribution holds in absence of any condition and that one or several constraints are imposed, either based on conservation laws or on the nature of the observations themselves. The selection of the gamma distribution does not depend on the specific nature of the constraint. We illustrate the approach with two constraints: the existence of a finite moment release rate and the observation of the size of a maximum earthquake in a finite catalog. Our predicted “soft” maximum magnitudes compare favorably with those obtained by Kagan for the Flinn-Engdahl regionalization of subduction zones, collision zones, and midocean ridges.
A systematic error in estimating surface-wave group-velocity dispersion curves and a procedure for its correction
Authors: Shapiro N. M. , Singh S. K.
Published: November 2022

A systematic error is known to occur in estimating surface-wave group-velocity dispersion when the multiple filter analysis technique is applied. The error comes from the fall-off of the amplitude spectra at long periods. We propose a method for correcting this error. It consists of using a centroid frequency of the filtered spectrum instead of the central frequency of the gaussian window. The method is especially useful when the group-velocity curve is obtained from stacking of individual frequency-time diagrams. We apply this technique to two data sets. The first one consists of nine seismograms of coastal, subduction-zone earthquakes recorded by a broadband station located in Mexico City. This data set has been previously used to estimate an average crustal structure of southern Mexico. The second data set consists of broadband seismograms recorded in India and has been used to determine an average structure of the Indian peninsular region. Our results show that, in the first case, the systematic error is negligible. This is due to the relatively low decay rate of the spectral amplitudes at long periods. However, in the case of the Indian data, the systematic error of the multiple filter analysis cannot be neglected since it changes significantly the measured dispersion curves and leads to errors in the estimated crustal structure. Our tests show that the proposed method successfully corrects a major part of the systematic error.
Ethnopharmacological review of boswellia serrata for anticancer activity
Authors: Nerkar Amit Gajanan , Gade Pallavi
Published: November 2022

Boswellic acid is an Ursane group compound belonging to triterpenoids. It is the major constituents of the gum derived from plant Roxb. It belongs to Family Burseraceae. It is also known as and commonly known as the Salai guggal, white guggal, Indian olibanum. is medium-sized tree widely distributed in the India and Africa. B. Serrata is highly medicinal as well as economically potential. Currently, it is has the potential use in various herbal and ayurvedic formulations for the treatment of various disorders which include inflammation and other types of disorders. Since ancient and centuries anti-cancer drugs discovered from herbal medicines have been used in clinical practice. The active constituent of such formulations being vincristine, vinblastine and the camptothecene derivatives, topotecan, irinotecan and etoposide. There is current need for herbal and ethnopharmacological therapeutics to develop the novel anti-cancer drugs which is safe with effective mechanism. The new discoveries of developing combined ingredients from effective traditional formula or single ingredient as per the traditional medicine theory should be focused. This new approach will promote the academic research and the industry development of traditional medicine. This ethnopharmacological review is mainly focused on anticancer activity of
German Expansion in the Ottoman Empire on the Eve of the First World War in the Russian Press Comments
Authors: Kotov Boris
Published: November 2022

The Balkans and the territory of the Ottoman Empire (especially the Straits region and Asia Minor) on the eve of the First World War were the main region where Russian and Austro-German interests clashed. The article deals with the reaction of the Russian press to sending of the German military mission to Istanbul in winter 1913—1914, headed by General Liman von Sanders. The author stressed that this action of the Berlin Government contributed to the further growth of anti-German sentiments in the Russian society on the eve of the First World War.