bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Merit is not for everyone: the perception of black managers about their process of career mobility
Authors: Souza Andréa Alcione de , Dias Rafaela Cyrino Peralva
Published: October 2018

Abstract Based on research conducted in Belo Horizonte, with 25 black managers, this article analyzes how the career mobility discourse is based on the idea of personal merit. Considering this central problem and authors such as Pierre Bourdieu, Jessé Souza and Carlos Hasenbalg, the research analyzed the assumptions, functionalities and productive character that the idea of personal merit assumes in the interviewees' discourse. The results obtained point to a perception of the process of moving up in the organization career path that has strong meritocratic components; a perception that ignores or minimizes the social, emotional, moral and economic preconditions that interfere in the differential performance obtained by individuals. Moreover, this perception implies a disqualification of any argument that reinforces the racial barriers in their upward career mobility processes, which contributes to conceal the political, economic and social dimension of racism in the country.
Black entrepreneurship and ethnic beauty salons: possibilities forresistance in the social (re)construction of black identity
Authors: Rezende Ana Flávia , Mafra Flávia Luciana Naves , Pereira Jussara Jéssica
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the case of five lack entrepreneurs who own businesses a public that for years has denied a esthetic and phenotypic traits. These spaces, branded as ‘ethnic salons’, aim to take care of the curly and / or Afrohair of Black men and women.In the face of this context, we ask: how canBlack entrepreneurs and enterprisesconfront colonialmentality in social relations, by creating businesses aimed at giving value to, and appreciatingthe identity of Black men and women? The field research was conducted via observations and interviews,collecting narratives from both. The narratives went through a process of synthesis and analysisprocesses that allowed us to flag the motivesbehind these enterprises, as well as the racial/ethnic acceptance present in these spaces. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is to discuss ‘hairtype’ as a constitutive element of Black racial identity, and the opportunity for more autonomywhen entering the labor market.
The myth of racial democracy in the labour market: a critical analysis of the participation of afro-descendants in brazilian companies
Authors: Machado Júnior Celso , Bazanini Roberto , Mantovani Daielly Melina Nassif
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT This research sought to identify the participation of different races in organizations and to investigate the opportunities for black people, in terms of employability and professional growth, in Brazil. To meet this objective, documentary research was undertaken with 117 companies, which are among the 500 largest in Brazil. The results indicated that racial democracy is a myth in our society, hence the need to move forward with social policies that minimize inequalities between white and black people in the most significant company positions. The process of producing and reproducing racism continues to restrict the of black people to the highest hierarchical levels. In order to achieve equality for black people in the labour market, we must evolve from social policies of ‘good intentions’ to the concept of praxis and be positioned among the benchmarks of militant sociology, establishing a set of affirmative government policies, accompanied by practices that encourage diversity in companies and denounce ideologies which reinforce the myth of racial democracy.
World models as organizational models: global framing and transnational activism in the brazilian black movement
Authors: Rosa Alexandre Reis
Published: October 2018

Abstract The aim of this article is to explore the appropriation that the Brazilian black movement makes of diasporic content. Throughout history the black diaspora has produced different interpretations of what it means to be black, of what racism is, and produced different ways to fight it. Among these visions is the Black Atlantic, which presents itself as a macrostructure capable of influencing the formation of several frames around the world. The frames are interpretative schemes, world views that serve as a guide for the action of social movements, forming microstructures that represent the diagnoses and prognoses developed during their activities and proposals for struggle, as well as in its organization, forms of action, and resource mobilization. The results show that all these dynamics are related to the alignment of black activism to what is called global framing, which is a process of transnational diffusion formed during local adaptation processes.
CO2 emissions and mitigation policies for urban road transportation: Sao Paulo versus Shanghai
Authors: Costa Evaldo , Seixas Julia , Baptista Patrícia , Costa Gustavo , Turrentine Thomas
Published: October 2018

Abstract This paper compares the energy consumption, CO2 emissions and public policies of two mega-cities, Sao Paulo (SP) and Shanghai (SH), in order to identify their GHG emissions mitigation policies. Both cities have experienced rapid growth of the automotive sectors resulting in sizable pollution and CO2 emission challenges. SP has successfully implemented the ethanol and encouraged the growth of the fleet of light-duty vehicles. SH has coal-based power generation and restricted the ownership of the vehicles in an attempt to reduce GHG emissions, invested in public transportation and electric mobility. Tabular analysis of secondary data was adopted in this study, revealing also that SP has considerably expanded individual transportation. Despite investments in ethanol, the city could not contain the increase in CO2 emissions from road transportation. SH invested in public transportation and inhibited individual transportation, but also failed to contain CO2 emissions. Mitigation policies and measures taken were not sufficient to prevent growth of CO2 emissions in both cities. To reduce CO2 emissions in transportation, SP and SH should focus on public policies to encourage public and clean transportation and limit the burning of fossil fuels.
The exercise of interprofessionality and intersetoriality as an art of caring: innovations and challenges
Authors: Reuter Camila Luana Oliveira , Santos Vilma Constancia Fioravante dos , Ramos Adriana Roese
Published: October 2018

Abstract Objectives: To analyze the innovations and challenges pointed out by the coordinators of basic care for the interprofessional and intersectoral exercise, and the importance of these practices as a potentiator of Nursing care and teaching in Primary Health Care. Methods: An exploratory study with a qualitative approach was carried out in a Rio Grande do Sul Health Region. Semistructured interviews were carried out with the Basic Attention Coordination of the Cities of the empirical area, between 2014 and 2015, with thematic content analysis. Results: The primary care coordinators highlight the effectiveness of interprofessional and intersectoral actions, but claim that there are still several obstacles for these actions to become routine. These professionals seek alternatives to modify the reality found, but not all have results. Conclusion: Intersectoriality and interprofessionality make it possible to carry out holistic and integral health actions, optimizing Nursing care practices.
Teaching undergraduate nursing in mental health as allied to the consolidation of the Psychiatric Reform movement
Authors: Martins Gizele da Conceição Soares , Peres Maria Angélica de Almeida , Santos Tânia Cristina Franco , Queirós Paulo Joaquim Pina , Paiva Carolina Fraga , Almeida Filho Antonio José de
Published: October 2018

Abstract Objective: To analyze the updating of mental health education in a Nursing Undergraduate Course concomitantly with the implementation of the Psychiatric Reform in the municipality of Volta Redonda. Method: Historical-social study with primary sources consisting of written and oral documents. The analysis, based on the main concepts of the Psychiatric Reform, was performed by the triangulation of data. Results: In a transitional phase of mental health models, the municipality studied developed strategies to develop psychiatric reform, of which the creation of CAPS stands out. At the same time, an agreement with the Undergraduate Nursing Course enrolled students, still in the 1990s, in all the mental health services of the municipality. The teachers of this course acted as nurses, one in care and another in mental health management, facilitating the teaching-assistance dialogue. Conclusion: The graduate students, to integrate as interns services, contributed to the change of the concepts that supported the mental healthcare, while the psychiatric reform developed. This was a successful strategy to stimulate the formation of a new logic and care to brings killed labor to services, since the course graduates opted for acting in CAPS.
Terapia vocal para idosos com progressão de intensidade, frequência e duração do tempo de fonação: estudo de casos
Authors: Fabron Eliana Maria Gradim , Silvério Kelly Cristina Alves , Berretin-Felix Giédre , Andrade Eduardo Carvalho , Salles Polyana Ferreira , Moreira Pâmela Aparecida Medeiros , Brasolotto Alcione Ghedini
Published: October 2018

RESUMO Este trabalho pretende verificar o efeito imediato e em médio prazo na voz e na laringe de dois idosos submetidos à terapia vocal intensiva com progressão de intensidade e frequência vocais e de duração do tempo de fonação. Dois idosos (um homem, 79 anos e uma mulher, 82 anos) com queixa vocal e características de presbilaringe, realizaram 12 sessões de terapia vocal intensiva com progressão de intensidade e frequência da voz e duração do tempo de fonação, durante três semanas. Para analisar o efeito terapêutico foram realizadas avaliações perceptivoauditivas e acústicas da voz, de tempo máximo de fonação (TMF), de autorreferência da qualidade de vida em voz e do comportamento laríngeo nos momentos pré, imediatamente após e um mês depois do processo de terapia vocal. Os valores da maioria das medidas resultantes dessas avaliações indicaram mudanças positivas imediatamente após a terapia vocal para os idosos. Observou-se redução das medidas perceptivoauditivas de desvio da qualidade vocal e diminuição das medidas de perturbação e ruído do sinal acústico, o que indica melhora na voz. Houve elevação da frequência fundamental e, aumento do TMF, além de autorreferência de melhor qualidade de vida em voz. A avaliação das imagens laríngeas não mostrou diferença consistente. Após um mês do término da terapia alguns parâmetros pioraram em relação ao momento pós-imediato, mesmo assim, permaneceram melhores em relação ao momento pré-terapia. Desta forma os resultados da proposta terapêutica são promissores e seus efeitos devem ser pesquisados em estudos clínicos controlados para verificar sua eficácia em idosos.
DA “INSTRUÇÃO PARA CHINAS” AOS TALENTOS BILÍNGUES: EVOLUÇÃO DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DO ENSINO DA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA EM MACAU
Authors: Domingues Alexandra Pozal , Viseu Sofia
Published: October 2018

RESUMO: Inscrito nos estudos sobre políticas educativas que recorrem à teoria da regulação social, este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa empírica sobre a evolução das políticas públicas do ensino da língua portuguesa em Macau desde o período da administração portuguesa até à atualidade. Por meio de pesquisa arquivística e de entrevista com um alto responsável pela educação da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau, os dados evidenciaram uma intensificação e diversificação dos modos de regulação institucional e de controlo, associada às alterações do estatuto político e administrativo do território. Simultaneamente, a pesquisa revelou que essa evolução sinaliza tendências presentes nas alterações dos modos de regulação em curso noutros contextos geográficos.
Resistance of Manihot esculenta and its intraspecific hybrids to the whitefly Aleurothrixus aepim (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Lima Willem Henrique , Ringenberg Rudiney , Fancelli Marilene , Ledo Carlos Alberto da Silva
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of Manihot esculenta and its hybrids (M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia and M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. peruviana) to the whitefly (Aleurothrixus aepim). The trial was carried out in a greenhouse from October to December 2015, and it was based on a completely randomized design with eight treatments (eight genotypes). The evaluated variables and replicates were the following: duration of the developmental phases of the whitefly (nine replicates); nymphal viability (nine replicates); egg viability (five replicates); period of incubation (five replicates); and number of eggs (three replicates). Trichome counting (nine replicates) and the colorimetric analysis (nine replicates) were also performed. The 'Ecuador 72' genotype promoted the lowest value for viability of the immature development phase (44.89%), showing an antibiosis effect on A. aepim. The FLA 003 genotype (a wild accession of M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia) and the F1 011 (M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia) and PE 001 (M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. peruviana) hybrids showed resistance by antixenosis and were the less preferred for oviposition. The 'Ecuador 72', FLA 003, F1 011, and PE 001 genotypes can be used as sources to obtain new, resistant cultivars of cassava.
Demographic parameters of cowpea aphids on advanced semi-erect cowpea lines
Authors: Silva Leandro Carvalho da , Nere Daniel Rodrigues , Bleicher Ervino , Barbosa Antônio Vinícius Correa , Tavares Eraldo José Madureira
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of advanced semi-erect cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) lines, by means of a screening assay for resistance and the elaboration of fertility-life tables of Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The experiments were carried out in a screenhouse. For the resistance trial, 15 advanced cowpea lines were used, as well as two standard genotypes for resistance and two for susceptibility, which were arranged in six blocks. After resistance was determined, two lines with the highest and lowest resistance were selected for the development of the fertility-life tables which were used to estimate demographic parameters. The MNCO4-762F-03 and MNCO4-762F-09 cowpea lines were classified as resistant, for which cowpea aphids showed the lowest values (in parentheses, respectively) for: net reproductive rate (RO = 3.0 and 2.5), intrinsic rate of increase (rm = 0.16 and 0.15), and finite rate of increase (λ = 1.18 and 1.16). The highest values were obtained for the 'Vita-7', MNCO4-795F-168, and 'BRS Tumucumaque' genotypes. The MNCO4-762F-03 and MNCO4-762F-09 lines show antibiosis-type resistance, which directly affects the reproductive potential of the cowpea aphid population.
Influence of gibberellin inhibitors applied during flowering of nonirrigated 'Hass' avocado trees
Authors: Brogio Bruna do Amaral , Silva Simone Rodrigues da , Cantuarias-Avilés Tatiana , Angolini Sérgio Figueiredo , Baptista Edypol Guilherme , Ribeiro Rafael Vasconcelos
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors on shoot growth above the panicle, as well as on fruit yield, size, and shape of nonirrigated 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana) trees. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with five treatments, four replicates, and 40 trees. From 2013 to 2015, the following treatments were applied at full bloom, as foliar sprayings: water (control), 250 mg L-1 prohexadione-calcium, 2,500 mg L-1 trinexapac-ethyl, 1,750 mg L-1 paclobutrazol, and 350 mg L-1 uniconazole; the first two are acylcyclohexanediones and the last two, triazoles. Fruit yield, yield efficiency, and alternate bearing were not affected by the application of plant growth regulators. However, the gibberellin inhibitors increased fruit size and modified the fruit shape of nonirrigated 'Hass' avocado. Uniconazole reduces shoot growth above the panicle, and this effect may vary depending on environmental conditions, especially water supply.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the biomass and nutrition of Urochloa decumbens at different soil densities
Authors: Sales Luciane Reis , Silva Geanderson Nascimento da , Siqueira Raphael Henrique da Silva , Carneiro Marco Aurélio Carbone , Faquin Valdemar
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the accumulation of shoot and root biomass and on the nutrient contents of Urochloa decumbens grown in soils with different densities. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement: four soil densities (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 kg dm-3) with and without inoculation of AMF, with four replicates. The biomass accumulation (dry matter weight of shoot and roots) and macro- and micronutrient contents of U. decumbens were determined at different soil densities. The mycorrhizal colonization of the plants was evaluated, and the number of mycorrhizal spores present in the soil was determined. The biomass accumulation of shoot and roots and macro- and micronutrient contents, as well as the number of mycorrhizal spores in the soil, were negatively affected by the increase in soil density. Only root biomass increased with AMF inoculation. There was no interaction between soil density and inoculation for shoot and root biomass accumulation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence the accumulation of biomass in the roots and of N and Ca contents in the shoots of Urochloa decumbens even at the highest soil densities.
Proline content of sunflower cultivars in the Brazilian semiarid region
Authors: Carvalho Luciana Marques de , Araújo Stela Braga de , Carvalho Hélio Wilson Lemos de , Carvalho Claudio Guilherme Portela de
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the proline content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cultivars, in the conditions of natural water deficit in the Brazilian semiarid region. Thirteen cultivars were sown in experiments set in three sites in the Brazilian Northeast. Proline content was determined on leaves from plants at the R4-R5 stage. Significant differences among cultivars occurred only where water availability was lower. Proline averages ranged from 3.47 to 17.41 μg g-1. The sunflower cultivars BRS387, BRS323, and BRS324 showed the greatest proline contents with 54.74, 46.27, and 35.16 μg g-1, respectively. These are the cultivars that accumulate more proline under conditions of a severe water deficit.
Integration of Allelopathic Crop Residues and NPK Fertilizer to Mitigate Residue-Phytotoxicity, Improve Soil Fertility and Wheat Growth under Different Moisture Conditions
Authors: FAROOQ N. , IQBAL M. , ZAHIR Z.A. , FAROOQ M.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Phytotoxic effects of allelopathic crop residues are important to trickle for their use as a source of organic amendments to improve soil fertility. In present study, through pots and two year field studies, we examined the integrated effect of allelopathic residues and NPK fertilizer treatments including T0 (control), T1 (200-150-100 kg NPK ha 1), T2 (100-75-50 kg NPK ha-1 + mung bean straw 4 t ha-1), T3 (100-75-50 kg NPK ha-1 + rice straw 4 t ha-1), T4 (mung bean straw 8 t ha-1) and T5 (rice straw 8 t ha-1) under different water regimes on soil fertility and wheat crop. Solo application of mung bean residue and rice straw caused significant inhibition of various germination and growth traits of wheat while minimal inhibition occurred when allelopathic straws were integrated with NPK fertilizer both under laboratory and field conditions, especially under 14 days of alternate wet/dry cycles. Among fertilizer treatments, mung bean residue caused a greater increase in soil organic carbon, available nitrogen and available phosphorus, while there was maximum percent increase in available potassium with T1 (200-150-100 kg NPK ha-1). Maximum increase in grain yield (30% and 33%) was achieved with T2 (100-75-50 kg NPK ha-1 + mung bean straw 4 t ha-1) during 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively. Integration of allelopathic crop residues with inorganic fertilizers and alternate wet/dry cycles can help to reduce the possible phytotoxic effect of allelopathic residues for sustainable wheat production.
The Effects of Nicosulfuron and Glyphosate on Microbial Activity of Different Soils
Authors: ŠANTRIC Lj. , RADIVOJEVIC Lj. , GAJIC-UMILJENDIC J. , SARIC-KRSMANOVIC M. , ÐUROVIC-PEJCEV R.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The effects of the nicosulfuron and glyphosate herbicides on microbial activity in two soils with different physical and chemical properties (loam and sand) were investigated. Nicosulfuron was applied at the rates of 0.3, 0.6, 3.0 and 30.0 mg kg-1 soil and glyphosate at 32.6, 65.2, 326.0 and 3260.0 mg kg-1 soil in the laboratory. Changes in dehydrogenase and urease activity, as well as in microbial biomass carbon, were examined. Samples for the analysis were collected at 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after herbicide application. The results showed that the effects of nicosulfuron and glyphosate depended on treatment rate, duration of activity, test parameters and soil types. In general, application of the herbicides significantly increased the activity of dehydrogenase and urease. Nicosulfuron had a stimulating activity on microbial biomass carbon in loam, while both herbicides demonstrated negative effects on the parameter in the sandy soil.
Elimination of the Effect of Some Herbicides on the Growth of Zea mays and Accumulation in the Soil Using Urea
Authors: ELHAKEM A.H. , ABD EL-SALAM M.M.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: This study evaluates the effect of urea on growth of herbicide-treated maize and its accumulation in the soil. When the seedlings were 15 days old, the plots were divided into five groups. One group served as control, two received treatments with metolachlor and isoproturon at the dose of 1.5 kg ha-1 and 2.5 L ha-1, respectively. The two remaining groups received the same dose of herbicide along with urea added at a rate of 129 kg ha-1. The application of the two herbicides appeared to cause a significant decrease in shoot dry weight, photosynthetic pigments, d-aminolevulinate dehydratase enzyme [ALA-D, EC 4.2.1.24] and total soluble carbohydrates of the maize plants. The application of urea appeared to alleviate the effects of both herbicides on maize growth. A statistical analysis demonstrated a significant association between the soil criteria and the accumulation of herbicides in it. This study clearly highlights the urgent need for use of urea to retract the effects of herbicides on maize growth.
Susceptibility of Perennial Tropical Forage Plants to Glyphosate Herbicide in Integrated Crop-Livestock Farming Systems
Authors: MACHADO L.A.Z. , COMUNELLO É. , CECATO U. , CONCENÇO G.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate forage plant susceptibility in Urochloa ssp. and Megathyrsus maximus with two glyphosate herbicide doses, to increase the efficiency of integrated crop-livestock farming systems. A randomized block design was adopted, in a split-plot arrangement, with six replications. In the main plots, the following treatments were established: Urochloa ruziziensis, U. decumbens, U. brizantha cvs. Xaraés, BRS Piatã and BRS Paiaguás, Megathyrsus maximus cvs. Aruana and BRS Tamani; in the subplots, there were doses of glyphosate herbicide; 0.72 and 1.44 kg a.e. ha-1. The estimated control percentage was consisted of a grading scale from zero (fully living tiller) to 100 (fully dead tillers), assigned 7; 14; 21 and 28 days after herbicide application. The 0.72 kg a.e. ha-1 glyphosate dose was not effective for forage control, but it was possible to identify the most susceptible genotypes, such as U. ruziziensis and BRS Paiaguás. The 1.44 kg a.e. ha-1 dose was satisfactory in controlling (³80%) the grasses U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás and M. maximum cv. Aruana at 17, 18 and 18 days of desiccation intervals, respectively. In conclusion, the susceptibility of forage plants to herbicide glyphosate varies among species and cultivars. U. ruziziensis, BRS Paiaguás and Aruana grasses are desiccated with reduced herbicide doses and short desiccation intervals, and can contribute to the diversification of the forage used in integrated crop-livestock farming systems.
Characterization of Ethoxysulfuron Herbicide Selectivity in Common Bean Cultivars
Authors: PAGNONCELLI JR F.B. , VIDAL R.A. , TREZZI M.M. , GALLON M. , BRUSAMARELLO A.P.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: In literature, there are few studies evaluating the response of different bean cultivars to herbicides, particularly the ALS enzyme inhibitors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of common bean cultivars to the herbicide ethoxysulfuron and to select cultivars that are more tolerant to it. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. Factors consisted in 20 bean cultivars (IPR Eldorado, IPR Siriri, IPR Gralha, IPR 81, IPR Uirapuru, IPR Colibri, IPR Tuiuiú, BRS Esplendor, IPR Tangará, IPR Juriti, IPR Corujinha, IPR Andorinha, IPR Curió, BRS Campeiro, BRS Pérola, BRS Notável, BRS Estilo, UTF 3, UTF 5 e UTF 6), and four doses of ethoxysulfuron (0, 50, 100 and 200 g ha-1) were used. At the dose of 200 g ha-1, the reduction of the shoot dry matter of plants ranged from 30 to 80%, indicating that there was high variability in the response of bean cultivars to the herbicide. The bean cultivars classified as more tolerant to ethoxysulfuron are: IPR 81, IPR Uirapuru, BRS Estilo, IPR Gralha and BRS Pérola, while the less tolerant cultivars are: IPR Eldorado, IPR Tuiuiú, IPR Tangará, IPR Curió, UTF 3, UTF 5 and BRS Esplendor.
Effect of Mesotrione and Nicosulfuron Mixtures With or Without Adjuvants
Authors: DUUS J. , KRUSE N.D. , STREIBIG J.C.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: In Field experiments, a logarithmic sprayer was used to screen the efficacy of 28.5% mixture of nicosulfuron and mesotrione, and the herbicides applied separately. Three adjuvants were also used to assess how they affected the potency of the mixture. The objectives were to test whether a mixture was enhancing or detracting the effect relative to ADM (Additive Dose Model). The test plants were canola and barley. The 28.5% nicosulfuron mixture was acting antagonistic, irrespective of plant species. The antagonistic effect of the nicosulfuron mixture decreased the more developed the plants became; for barley, it almost disappeared 40 days after treatment. For both canola and barley, one adjuvant stood out as being highly effective in decreasing ED50 of the mixture. Antagonism was not alarmingly high, which is found for many herbicides. Results are discussed in relation to the practice of testing mixtures in the literature and the requirements for getting mixture patents.
Growth Stimulating Influence of Foliage Applied Brassica Water Extracts on Morphological and Yield Attributes of Bread Wheat under Different Fertilizer Regimes
Authors: SHAHZAD B. , CHEEMA S.A. , FAROOQ M. , CHEEMA Z.A. , REHMAN A. , ABBAS T.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to explore the growth stimulating effect of foliage applied brassica water extract on growth and productivity of bread wheat (cv. Punjab 2011) at low and high fertilizer doses. The brassica water extract (5%) and the commercial growth regulator benzyl amino purine (BAP) (5 ppm) were applied alone and in combination at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) under low fertilizer dose (125 kg ha-1 N and 90 kg ha-1 P) and high fertilizer doses (225 kg ha-1 N and 150 kg ha-1 P). Application of the brassica water extract (5%) significantly improved morphological traits such as crop growth rate, leaf elongation, leaf area index, plant height and number of productive tillers under both fertilizer regimes. Similarly, growth regulator benzyl amino purine (5 ppm) application enhanced the growth and yield components of wheat. However, maximum grain yield (6.20 t ha-1) was recorded with combined application of the brassica water extract (5%) and BAP (5 ppm) under the high fertilizer dose followed by individual application of the brassica water extract (5%) and BAP where 5.39 and 5.94 t ha-1 grain yields were recorded. Biological yield also showed an almost similar trend under the influence of the allelopathic water extract of brassica and BAP. Economic and marginal net benefits of 1521.6 and 237.0 USD ha-1 were respectively achieved with the application of the brassica water extract under the lower and higher fertilizer applications, respectively. The foliage applied 5% brassica water extract and BAP (5 ppm) was the most effective and had a stimulating impact on the growth and productivity of wheat.
Influence of Nitrogen Fertilization on Herbicide Selectivity in Rice
Authors: LANGARO A.C. , AGOSTINETTO D. , OLIVEIRA C. , FRANCO J.J. , ZANDONÁ R.R. , VARGAS L.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Chemical weed control and nitrogen fertilization are common practices in irrigated rice crops. Nitrogen is an essential element for growth and development of plants and may influence herbicide selectivity. In this study, herbicide selectivity was evaluated according to nitrogen application time in irrigated rice crops. The experiment was conducted in the field in a split-plot design with four replications. Treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme: factor A consisted of different nitrogen application times (without nitrogen, all nitrogen applied before flooding, half of the nitrogen rate applied before flooding and the other half after flooding, all nitrogen applied after flooding); factor B consisted of the application of the herbicides quinclorac, bentazon, bispyribac-sodium and carfentrazone-ethyl. Nitrogen application increased plant height and dry matter accumulation in rice plants, while nitrogen application before flooding and split N applications were favorable to the crop. The herbicide bispyribac-sodium causes the greatest injury and the greatest reduction in rice plant height, followed by bentazon and carfentrazone-ethyl, while the lowest injury and the highest grain yield were caused by the application of quinclorac.
Effect of Glyphosate on Guineagrass Submitted to Different Soil Water Potential
Authors: SILVA JR. A.C. , GONÇALVES C.G. , SCARANO M.C. , PEREIRA M.R.R. , MARTINS D.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The action of herbicides on weeds that develop under water deficit can be compromised, because the routes of penetration of hydrophilic herbicides are reduced due to the lower hydration of the cuticle in these plants. Moreover, hydrophobic compounds found in the epicuticular wax coating of plants under water stress, hinder the penetration of hydrophilic compounds. This study evaluated the control efficiency of glyphosate on guineagrass plants when submitted to different water deficits. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, and treatments were composed of guineagrass plants submitted to three soil water conditions [low water deficit (13%), intermediate water deficit (10%) and high water restriction (8%)], three doses of glyphosate (0.0, 270.0 and 540.0 g ha-1) and two phenological stages of plant development (4-6 leaves and 1-3 tillers). The water management started when plants presented two developed leaves. Visual evaluations were performed 7, 14, 21 and 35 days after the application of the herbicide; the morpho-physiological parameters of the specific leaf area, stomatal conductance and the difference between the environment temperature and the leaf temperature on the day of the herbicide application were also analyzed at the end of the study, as well as the dry matter of shoot and root. With the increase of the water restriction, there was a decrease in the analyzed morpho-physiological parameters, as well as in the dry matter accumulation of the shoot and roots of the studied plants. Plant control was more efficient when a 540 g ha-1 dose of glyphosate was applied, and when they were controlled at their vegetative stage of 1-3 tiller, and with a water management of 13%. It is possible to state that guineagrass under water restriction have less control efficacy when treated with glyphosate.
Allelopathic Effects of Invasive Prosopis juliflora on Grass Species of Potohar Plateau, Pakistan
Authors: QAYYUM A. , RAFIQ M.K. , ZAHARA K. , BIBI Y. , SHER A. , RAFIQ M.T. , AZIZ R. , MANAF A.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. (Mesquite) on various growth parameters of three promising grass species (Cenchrus ciliaris, Panicum antidotale and Panicum maximum) on the Potohar Plateau, Pakistan, under nursery conditions. The experiment was carried out under a completely randomized design with two factors and three replicates. Different concentrations of the foliage aqueous extract of P. juliflora were prepared and their effect was studied on root length, shoot length, fresh and dry biomass of tested grass species. All grass species showed a concentration dependent inhibition. However, among all grasses, C. ciliaris was affected most severely whereas P. antidotale was the least affected grass species. This indicates an adverse effect of mesquite leaf on grass growth which is directly proportional to the increase in the extraction level of the mesquite leaf. These outcomes suggest that mesquite foliage contains allelochemicals that had inhibitory effect on grass growth.
Management of Charcoal Rot of Mungbean by Two Trichoderma Species and Dry Biomass of Coronopus didymus
Authors: JAVAID A. , KHAN I.H. , SHOAIB A.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: A pot experiment was carried out to check the effect of Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. dry biomass application (1%, 2% and 3% w/w) and two species of Trichoderma (T. viride and T. aureoviride) on growth and physiology of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) WIlczek] under biotic stress of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Inoculation of M. phaseolina (positive control) reduced plant survival, shoot and root length as well as plant dry biomass by 22%, 52%, 61% and 64%, respectively, over the negative control (without any amendment). There was 100% plant survival in treatments with T. aureoviride alone or in combination with 1% and 2% C. didymus biomass. Likewise, T. viride in combination with 2% biomass also showed 100% plant survival. Application of 3% C. didymus biomass had a pronounced effect on crop growth resulting in 101%, 233% and 342% increase in shoot length, root length and plant biomass, respectively, over the positive control. Sole inoculation of either of the two Trichoderma spp. significantly enhanced various plant growth parameters over the positive control. In general, in combination with 2% biomass of C. didymus, both Trichodermaspp. proved to be the best choice for improving mungbean biomass under stress of M. phaseolina. Activity of denfense related enzymes viz. peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was generally higher in treatments in which 1% C. didymus biomass was applied either alone or combined with Trichoderma spp. in M. phaseolina inoculated soil.
O Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa em ação: revisão de literatura
Authors: Alferes Marcia Aparecida , Mainardes Jefferson
Published: October 2018

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura sobre o Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC), abrangendo 64 trabalhos, do período de 2013 até 2016. As pesquisas apontaram o PNAIC como uma política abrangente que conjuga diversas ações, dentre as quais, a formação continuada de professores alfabetizadores. Concluiu-se que poucas pesquisas abordam o PNAIC, no contexto da sala de aula, e poucos trabalhos discutem o PNAIC enquanto política educacional. São apresentados alguns aspectos que necessitam ser aprofundados em pesquisas futuras.
Dos castigos escolares à construção de sujeitos de direito: contribuições de políticas de direitos humanos para uma cultura da paz nas instituições educativas
Authors: Carvalho Maria Elizete Guimarães , Morais Grinaura Medeiros de , Carvalho Bruna Katherine Guimarães
Published: October 2018

Resumo Este artigo problematiza a prática disciplinar associada aos castigos corporais e morais que perduraram por um longo período na história da educação brasileira. Para a realização do estudo, fizemos pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, dialogando com autores como Veiga, Elias entre outros, e com a documentação normativa expressa em lei. Objetivando refletir sobre a prática disciplinar utilizada na educação, apontamos contribuições de políticas educacionais em direitos humanos como caminhos para a humanização dos sujeitos. No texto, abordamos o campo dos direitos humanos, a fim de compreendemos políticas públicas de valorização da dignidade de crianças e adolescentes. A história dos castigos físicos aplicados nas instituições escolares e em outras instituições está marcada pelo desrespeito à dignidade do educando, por práticas e posturas autoritárias e por políticas de arbítrio, impondo-se a construção de uma cultura de paz e de solidariedade no espaço educativo.
La formación práctica desde las voces del estudiantado de pedagogía
Authors: Turra-Díaz Omar , Flores-Lueg Carolina
Published: October 2018

Resumen Este artículo presenta resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo indagar en la percepción que posee el estudiantado en proceso de formación docente sobre el área de práctica, instalada en el plan de estudio de dos carreras de pedagogía. La metodología empleada fue de tipo cualitativa, con un diseño de estudio de casos, utilizándose como técnica de obtención de información la entrevista semiestructurada. Los participantes del estudio fueron 10 estudiantes. Entre los resultados principales se destaca una positiva valoración de esta área de formación, por cuanto permite una temprana inmersión en la realidad escolar y un acercamiento al rol profesional docente; asimismo, se reconoce como un espacio que contribuye a promover procesos reflexivos sobre las complejidades del quehacer pedagógico, aunque a nivel individual. Por otro lado, se observa que persiste una distancia entre el conocimiento académico y los saberes requeridos desde el aula escolar y la ejecución de asignaturas-taller centradas en transmisión de contenidos, situación que continúa en la línea de legitimar un entendimiento técnico-aplicacionista de este ámbito formativo.
Indicadores educacionais na avaliação da educação básica e possíveis impactos em escolas de Ensino Médio no município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Vitelli Ricardo Ferreira , Fritsch Rosangela , Corsetti Berenice
Published: October 2018

RESUMO O texto descreve indicadores de avaliação de contexto desenvolvidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira e sua aplicação em escolas públicas de ensino médio, para identificar possíveis implicações com indicadores de fluxo escolar. Utilizou-se a base de dados do referido instituto, submetida a tratamento estatístico por meio da análise de regressão múltipla. Ao identificar a relação existente entre os indicadores analisados, percebeu-se a necessidade de se relativizar o uso de resultados de indicadores educacionais na avaliação da qualidade da educação.
Caminhos da liberdade: os significados da educação dos escravizados
Authors: Silva Alexandra Lima da
Published: October 2018

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir os significados da educação de escravizados no século XIX. Muitos estudos no âmbito da historiografia da educação sinalizam para a importância de ações diversas em torno da escolarização de libertos, ingênuos e escravizados. O trabalho procura mapear a produção acadêmica existente acerca da temática e indicar a existência de muitos caminhos e possibilidades envolvendo esse objeto de investigação. O presente trabalho analisa fontes variadas, tais como periódicos, escritas autobiográficas, filmes, na busca por uma compreensão dos caminhos construídos pelos sujeitos escravizados. A educação é compreendida como uma brecha para a conquista da mobilidade e ascensão social em tempos de escravidão. A educação foi parte do movimento de resistência dos escravizados e representou para muitos um caminho para a conquista da liberdade.
“Mi escuela es como…” análisis de metáforas del profesorado principiante
Authors: Estepa Paulino Murillo , Gallego-Domínguez Carmen , García Carlos Marcelo
Published: October 2018

RESUMEN En este artículo analizamos las concepciones que docentes principiantes de un programa de inducción tienen sobre la escuela. Hemos trabajado con 269 comentarios realizados en un foro donde han respondido a la afirmación: “Una escuela es como…”. Las metáforas obtenidas tras la codificación las hemos analizado localizando la imagen de escuela que proyectan a partir de la propuesta de Miles y Ekholms. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la concepción de escuela predominante se relaciona con su caracterización con una imagen racional, centrada en resultados. La mayoría percibe su lugar de trabajo como una organización encaminada hacia la consecución de metas específicas preestablecidas. Son escasas las referencias a la imagen política como espacio caracterizado por el enfrentamiento y el poder.
Siete tesis en torno al texto escolar como artefacto cultural
Authors: Lester Luis Ajagan , Labraña Carlos Muñoz
Published: October 2018

RESUMEN Este artículo analiza los rasgos centrales que caracterizan al texto escolar en cuanto artefacto cultural. El análisis interseca las nociones semióticas de Lotman y Bakhtin, con la revisión de textos de diversos contextos. El objetivo principal de la investigación fue indagar sobre cómo el texto escolar participa en la generación de la cultura, construyendo identidades nacionales, delimitando quienes son ajenos a nuestro espacio cultural, creando ideologías y mentalidades, imponiendo significados. El estudio muestra que la recepción activa de los agentes sociales involucrados en la decodificación puede crear nuevos significados, distintos a los de los textos oficiales y que la generación de mensajes y códigos debe ser vista dialécticamente.
Representaciones sociales frente al proyecto de carrera profesional docente en Chile: análisis estructural del discurso
Authors: Arriagada Carmen Gloria Jarpa , Díaz María Teresa Castañeda
Published: October 2018

RESUMEN Los procesos socio-políticos en educación afectan al gremio docente. El objetivo del artículo es analizar las representaciones sociales de los profesores y otros actores relevantes frente al Proyecto de Ley de Desarrollo Profesional Docente. La estrategia metodológica fue análisis estructural del discurso de registros publicados entre marzo y junio de 2015. Los hallazgos develan representaciones sociales que demandan mayor participación en la construcción del proyecto; cuestionan el enfoque de evaluación docente basado en la rendición de cuentas; sostienen que el proyecto intensificará la despedagogización, desprofesionalización y pauperización de las condiciones laborales y creen necesario regular la formación inicial y continua de los profesores. En suma, los profesores rechazan la iniciativa por considerarla no representativa, basada en la desconfianza y validando un sistema de evaluación punitivo que los invisibiliza como actor relevante en el diseño del mencionado proyecto de ley.
Inclusão escolar e o planejamento educacional individualizado: estudo comparativo sobre práticas de planejamento em diferentes países
Authors: Tannús-Valadão Gabriela , Mendes Enicéia Gonçalves
Published: October 2018

RESUMO Traça-se um panorama histórico acerca do conceito de plano educacional individualizado - PEI, apontando as consequentes mudanças nas práticas nele estabelecidas em decorrência da segregação e da inclusão escolar. Apresenta-se análise da legislação sobre PEI e dos modelos de execução desse tipo de planejamento em países, a saber: França, Itália, Estados Unidos e Brasil. O modelo de PEI da França é o que tem maior abrangência, visto que engloba todo o ciclo de vida. Nos Estados Unidos e na Itália, ele é exclusivo da vida escolar, embora seja enfatizada a importância de medidas de controle do processo de transição da escola para o trabalho e/ou comunidade. O Brasil não possui dispositivos na legislação que garantam que tais estudantes tenham um PEI baseado em suas peculiaridades, resultando num planejamento centrado mais nos serviços existentes do que nas necessidades dos alunos. Assim, ainda que a era anunciada seja de inclusão escolar, as práticas de planejamento não mudaram.
Diversidade cultural e relações de gênero em uma escola indígena sul-mato-grossense
Authors: Gonçalves Josiane Peres , Oliveira Edicleia Lima de
Published: October 2018

Resumo As correlações entre gênero, diversidade e educação estão presentes na sociedade e na escola. Em geral, na educação infantil quase não existem docentes do gênero masculino, por se entender que essa tarefa é mais adequada às mulheres. No entanto, em algumas culturas indígenas isso é diferente, fato que despertou o interesse em entender essa realidade. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a opinião da comunidade escolar de uma aldeia indígena, localizada no município de Tacuru (MS), acerca do trabalho desenvolvido por professores indígenas do gênero masculino na educação infantil. A pesquisa de campo é de natureza qualitativa e para coleta de dados foi feita a gravação de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas inicialmente com quatro sujeitos: um professor, um gestor escolar, uma mãe de criança, sendo todos indígenas, e uma gestora municipal não índia. Os resultados foram transcritos, analisados e nomeados como dados primários. Este estudo também contou com a participação de um pesquisador da cultura indígena que relatou sua opinião em relação aos resultados obtidos com as entrevistas dos quatro primeiros participantes. Tal participação foi denominada como dados secundários. Os dados da pesquisa evidenciam que na cultura indígena as crianças vivem junto da comunidade onde todos são educadores em potencial, independente do gênero, de modo que o cargo de professor dentro de uma aldeia indígena pode ser considerado um cargo de prestigio. Além disso, para as mulheres indígenas é mais difícil sair da aldeia em busca de uma formação, o que pode explicar a significativa presença masculina na educação infantil na aldeia indígena pesquisada.