bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of crucial genes and pathways associated with prostate cancer in multiple databases
Authors: Guo Hanxu , Zhang Zhichao , Wang Yuhang , Xue Sheng
Published: June 2021

Objective

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignant neoplasm of the urinary system. This study aimed to use bioinformatics to screen for core genes and biological pathways related to PCa.

Methods

The GSE5957 gene expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were constructed by R language. Furthermore, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were generated to predict core genes. The expression levels of core genes were examined in the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and Oncomine databases. The cBioPortal tool was used to study the co-expression and prognostic factors of the core genes. Finally, the core genes of signaling pathways were determined using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).

Results

Overall, 874 DEGs were identified. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that these 24 core genes have significant association with carcinogenesis and development . LONRF1, CDK1, RPS18, GNB2L1 ( RACK1), RPL30, and SEC61A1 directly related to the recurrence and prognosis of PCa.

Conclusions

This study identified the core genes and pathways in PCa and provides candidate targets for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Retrospective study of the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of elderly patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Yingbang , Jiang Bifeng , Huang Mingdi , Wang Guangwen , Bai Yunpeng , Huang Wendong
Published: June 2021

Objective

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a malignant tumor that occurs at the tongue base, soft palate, palatine tonsil, and pharyngeal wall. Few studies of OPSCC have been performed in elderly patients.

Methods

Patients with human papilloma virus (HPV)-related OPSCC were extracted from the Head and Neck with HPV Status Database of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2016. We identified 355 patients with HPV-positive status, and we retrospectively evaluated elderly (≥65 years) and younger (30–64 years) patient groups to compare the differences.

Results

Of the 355 patients who were diagnosed with HPV-related OPSCC, 113 constituted the elderly group. Comparing the elderly group with the younger group, the 3-year HPV-positive overall survival (OS) rates were 62.4% and 70.2%, respectively, and the 5-year OS rates were 50.4% and 59.2%, respectively. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that tumor (T) stage and chemotherapy were prognostic factors for OS.

Conclusion

Elderly patients with OPSCC had different clinicopathological characteristics. T stage and chemotherapy should be priorities when evaluating the OS of elderly patients with OPSCC.
MLN4924 inhibits cell proliferation by targeting the activated neddylation pathway in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Liu Huanrong , Bei Qiaoli , Luo Xiaoqian
Published: June 2021

Objective

To explore the neddylation pathway, found to be highly activated in various cancers, as a potential therapeutic target in endometrial carcinoma, one of the three most frequent malignant tumours in the female reproductive system.

Methods

Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analysed using online servers. Expression levels of key neddylation genes were validated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blots of tumour and adjacent tissues. Underlying mechanisms and the effects on cell activities of the neddylation pathway-specific inhibitor, MLN4924, were investigated in endometrial cancer cell lines.

Results

Key neddylation enzymes, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 M ( UBC12), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 F ( UBE2F), ring-box 1 ( RBX1) and ring finger protein 7 ( RBX2), were significantly overexpressed in endometrial carcinoma tissues versus normal tissues, but only UBE2F and RBX2 positively correlated with patient survival. MLN4924 significantly suppressed proliferation and colony formation in EC cells by inducing DNA re-replication, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mechanism study revealed that MLN4924 induced the accumulation of cullin-RING ligase substrates in vitro.

Conclusions

The neddylation pathway was identified to play an important role in endometrial cancer. The neddylation specific inhibitor, MLN4924, may be a potential therapeutic drug for endometrial carcinoma.
Cybernetic proletarianization: Spirals of devaluation and conflict in digitalized production
Authors: Schaupp Simon
Published: June 2021

Drawing on a case study of algorithmically controlled manual labour in German manufacturing and delivery logistics, this article develops the concept of cybernetic proletarianization. It does so by joining an empirical analysis of labour processes with theoretical class analysis. Thus, it reconstructs Marx’s understanding of technical proletarianization as a dialectic between expulsion and reintegration of living labour in production processes. In the cases researched here, a qualitative and quantitative expulsion of living labour could be observed in different forms: First, deskilled flexibilization via digital instructions on working steps; second, a cybernetic mode of work intensification that is based on a permanent digital evaluation of the labour process; third, data-based automation, which builds on the data collected from the labour processes. This expulsion is counterweighted by a process of reintegration of devaluated living labour due to new highly labour-intensive forms of production and distribution, which are enabled by algorithmic work control. However, these processes are highly conflictual, resulting in different ‘technopolitics from below’, in which workers influence or even disrupt the processes of cybernetic proletarianization.
Restless legs-like syndrome as an emergent adverse event of CGRP monoclonal antibodies: A report of two cases
Authors: González-Quintanilla Vicente , Pérez-Pereda Sara , González-Suárez Andrea , Madera Jorge , Toriello María , Pascual Julio
Published: June 2021

Background

One of the advantages of CGRP monoclonal antibodies is their excellent safety and tolerability. However, postmarketing surveillance, is essential to detect potential rare emergent adverse events.

Objectives

To report two patients who developed restless legs syndrome symptoms after treatment with CGRP antibodies.

Methods and results

Two women with chronic refractory migraine, with no significant medical antecedents, developed typical restless legs syndrome symptoms 1.5 and 4 months after starting erenumab 140 mg, respectively. In case 1 symptoms resolved when erenumab was stopped for two months but reappeared on galcanezumab. In both patients migraine attacks had dramatically decreased and no iron deficiency was found.

Conclusions

Even though caution is needed before establishing a causal relationship, these cases suggest that restless legs-like symptoms might be an emergent adverse event of CGRP antibodies, regardless of the mechanism of action. We propose that plastic changes in CGRP sensory fibers, which are very abundant in legs, induced by CGRP monoclonal antibodies could be the reason for restless legs syndrome development.
Comparison of Cellular Responses to TGF-β1 and BMP-2 Between Healthy and Torn Tendons
Authors: Morita Wataru , Snelling Sarah J.B. , Wheway Kim , Watkins Bridget , Appleton Louise , Murphy Richard J. , Carr Andrew J. , Dakin Stephanie G.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Tendons heal by fibrotic repair, increasing the likelihood of reinjury. Animal tendon injury and overuse models have identified transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as growth factors actively involved in the development of fibrosis, by mediating extracellular matrix synthesis and cell differentiation.

Purpose:

To understand how TGF-β and BMPs contribute to fibrotic processes using tendon-derived cells isolated from healthy and diseased human tendons.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Tendon-derived cells were isolated from patients with a chronic rotator cuff tendon tear (large to massive, diseased) and healthy hamstring tendons of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament repair. Isolated cells were incubated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) or BMP-2 (100 ng/mL) for 3 days. Gene expression was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell signaling pathway activation was determined by Western blotting.

Results:

TGF-β1 treatment induced ACAN mRNA expression in both cell types but less in the diseased compared with healthy cells ( P < .05). BMP-2 treatment induced BGN mRNA expression in healthy but not diseased cells ( P < .01). In the diseased cells, TGF-β1 treatment induced increased ACTA2 mRNA expression ( P < .01) and increased small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling ( P < .05) compared with those of healthy cells. Moreover, BMP-2 treatment induced ACTA2 mRNA expression in the diseased cells only ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Diseased tendon–derived cells show reduced expression of the proteoglycans aggrecan and biglycan in response to TGF-β1 and BMP-2 treatments. These same treatments induced enhanced fibrotic differentiation and canonical SMAD cell signaling in diseased compared with healthy cells.

Clinical Relevance:

Findings from this study suggest that diseased tendon–derived cells respond differently than healthy cells in the presence of TGF-β1 and BMP-2. The altered responses of diseased cells may influence fibrotic repair processes during tendon healing.
High Rate of Initially Overlooked Kaplan Fiber Complex Injuries in Patients With Isolated Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Berthold Daniel P. , Willinger Lukas , LeVasseur Matthew R. , Marrero Daniel E. , Bell Ryan , Muench Lukas N. , Kane Zenon , Imhoff Andreas B. , Herbst Elmar , Cote Mark P. , Arciero Robert A. , Edgar Cory M.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Injuries to the Kaplan fiber complex (KFC) are not routinely assessed for in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee during preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As injuries to the KFC lead to anterolateral rotatory instability (ALRI) in the ACL-deficient knee, preoperative detection of these injuries on MRI scans may help surgeons to individualize treatment and improve outcomes, as well as to reduce failure rates.

Purpose:

To retrospectively determine the rate of initially overlooked KFC injuries on routine MRI in knees with isolated primary ACL deficiency.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Patients who underwent isolated ACL reconstruction between August 2013 and December 2019 were identified. No patient had had Kaplan fiber (KF) injury identified on the initial reading of the MRI scan or at the time of surgery. Preoperative knee MRI scans (minimum 1.5 T) were reviewed and injuries to the proximal and distal KFs were recorded by 3 independent reviewers. KF length and distance to nearby anatomic landmarks (the lateral joint line and the lateral femoral epicondyle) were measured. Additional radiological findings, including bleeding, lateral femoral notch sign, and bone marrow edema (BME), were identified to detect correlations with KFC injury.

Results:

The intact KFC could reliably be identified by all 3 reviewers (85.9% agreement; Kappa, 0.716). Also, 53% to 56% of the patients with initially diagnosed isolated ACL ruptures showed initially overlooked injuries to the KFC. Injuries to the distal KFs were more frequent (48.1%, 53.8%, and 43.3% by the first, second, and third reviewers, respectively) than injuries to the proximal KFs (35.6%, 47.1%, and 45.2% by the first, second, and third reviewers, respectively). Bleeding in the lateral supracondylar region was associated with KFC injuries ( P = .023). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between distal KF injuries and lateral tibial plateau BME ( P = .035), but no associations were found with the lateral femoral notch sign or other patterns of BME, including pivot-shift BME.

Conclusion:

KF integrity and injury can be reliably detected on routine knee MRI scans. Also, 53% to 56% of the patients presenting with initially diagnosed isolated ACL ruptures had concomitant injuries to the KFC. This is of clinical relevance, as ACL injuries diagnosed by current routine MRI examination protocols may come with a high number of occult or hidden KFC injuries. As injuries to the KFC contribute to persistent ALRI, which may influence ACL graft failure or reoperation rates, significant improvements in preoperative diagnostic imaging are required to determine the exact injury pattern and to assist in surgical decision making.
Voluntary Public Campaigns to Benefit the Environment: Assessing the Effectiveness of the There Is No Poop Fairy Campaign
Authors: Scruggs Caroline E. , Lozoya Sergio , Rumsey Kellin N. , Bronson Kali , Chavez Patrick
Published: June 2021

The There Is No Poop Fairy campaign began in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 2014 to encourage dog owners to pick up their dogs’ waste so that it does not contaminate the Rio Grande through stormwater runoff. This research aimed to understand the success of the campaign using a survey of local dog owners. Results suggest that the campaign was successful based on its reach and influence on self-reported pickup frequency and showed that those who were aware of the campaign reported higher frequencies of dog waste pickup, greater environmental concern, and greater awareness about the effects of dog waste on stormwater quality.
Nickel oxide nanoparticles induce genotoxicity and cellular alterations in the ground beetle Blaps polycresta (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Kheirallah Dalia Abdel Moneim , Ali Awatef Mohamed , Osman Salah Eldein , Shouman Amal Mohamed
Published: June 2021

Nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs) have advantageous applications in the industry; however, little is known of their adverse effects on biological tissues. In the present study, the ground beetle Blaps polycresta was employed as a sensitive indicator for nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) toxicity. Adult male beetles were injected with six dose levels of NiO-NPs (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06 mg/g body weight). Mortality was reported daily over 30 days under laboratory conditions to establish an LD50. Nickel was detected in the testicular tissues of the beetles using X-ray analysis and transmission electronic microscopy. Beetles treated with the sublethal dose of 0.02 mg/g were selected to observe molecular, cellular, and subcellular changes. Gene transcripts of HSP70, HSP90, and MT1 were found to be increased >2.5-, 1.5-, and 2-fold, respectively, in the treated group compared with the controls. Decreased gene expression of AcPC01, AcPC02, and AcPC04 (≤1.5-, ≤2-, and < 2.5-fold, respectively, vs. controls) also were reported in the treated group. Under light microscopy, various structural changes were observed in the testicular tissues of the treated beetles. Ultrastructure observations using scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed severe damage to the subcellular organelles as well as deformities of the heads and flagella of the spermatozoa. Therefore, the present study postulated the impact of NiO-NPs in an ecological model.
Developing a novel magnesium calcium phosphate/sodium alginate composite cement with high strength and proper self-setting time for bone repair
Authors: He Haosheng , Ren Haohao , Ding Zhengwen , Ji Mizhi , Chen Hong , Yan Yonggang
Published: June 2021

In this work, novel magnesium calcium phosphate/sodium alginate composite cements were successfully fabricated with a proper setting time (5–24 min) and high compressive strength (91.1 MPa). The physicochemical and biological properties of the cement in vitro were fully characterized. The composite cements could gradually degrade in PBS as the soaking time increase, and the weight loss reached 20.74% by the end of 56th day. The cements could induce the deposition of Ca–P layer in SBF. Cell experiments proved that the extracts of the composite cements can effectively promote the proliferation and differentiation of the mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These preliminary results indicate that the magnesium calcium phosphate/sodium alginate composite cements could be promising as potential bone repair candidate materials.
Relationship Between Different Types of Violence and Mental Health in High School Students From Northern Mexico
Authors: Esparza-Del Villar Oscar Armando , Chavez-Valdez Sarah Margarita , Montañez-Alvarado Priscila , Gutiérrez-Vega Marisela , Gutiérrez-Rosado Teresa
Published: June 2021

Different types of violence have been present in Mexico but there have been few studies that have analyzed their relationship with mental health in adolescents, especially in cities with high rates of social violence. It is important to compare different violence types and their relationship with mental health since not all relationships are the same. It appears that social violence has a stronger relationship with mental health, and for this reason it receives more attention, but other types of violence have a stronger relationship and do not receive as much attention. Chihuahua has been one of the most violent states in Mexico, and Juarez has been the most violent city in the world in 2009 and 2010. The purpose of the study is to compare the relationship of different types of violence (social, cyberbullying, partner violence, and child abuse and neglect) with mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, and paranoid thoughts). There were 526 high school students, from the cities of Juarez ( n = 282) and Chihuahua ( n = 244). The mean age was 16.5 ( SD = 1.4) years and 50.6% reported being males. The relationships among the variables were analyzed using Pearson’s correlations and multiple linear regressions. Both cities that have experienced social violence like carjacking, kidnapping, and sexual assault, but they have very small or no relationships with mental health indicators. Other types of violence have stronger correlations. Our findings suggest that interventions should not focus only in preventing and dealing with social violence, but that other types of violence must also be addressed in adolescents.
The stability loss of a locally curved double-walled carbon nanotube in visco-elastic matrix
Authors: Çoban Kayıkçı Fatma , Köşker Reşat
Published: June 2021

In the current study, stability loss investigation is carried out for a viscoelastic medium containing a double-walled carbon nanotube with local curvature. This research has been carried out using the three dimensional linearized stability theory (TDLTS) within the framework of the piecewise-homogeneous body model. In this case, it is supposed that the carbon nanotube (CNT) has an insignificant initial local defect, and the increase of this defect with the flow of time is examined. Moreover, it is accepted as the criterion for determining the loss of stability that local curvature of the CNT starts to grow indefinitely. The values of the critical time and critical force are obtained from this criterion. In addition, van der Waals forces between the inner surface of the outer tube of the CNT and the outer surface of the inner tube of the CNT were considered. The fractional-exponential Rabotnov operator defines the composite material’s viscoelasticity properties. It is expected that the results obtained from this paper may be a useful guide in applications related to exhibiting the mechanical behavior of the composite material under consideration. Therefore, the effects of viscoelasticity towards composite materials containing a locally curved DWCNT and the limits to be considered in the production of this material are obtained.
Investigating the influence of connecting constraint properties and modeling parameters on vehicle dynamic responses
Authors: Li Bobo , Nie Peng , Cheng Mianhong
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a detailed investigation about the effect of structural damping and modal truncation number on vehicle dynamic characteristics. Finite element method and experimental method are applied to research vehicle’s dynamic response. According to the real vehicle’s structure, the dynamic simulation model of vehicle is established by the substructure modeling method. In order to research the influence of different variables on vehicle’s dynamic responses, the control variable method is adopted. In other words, the parameters of structural damping and mode truncation number are changed respectively. Comparing the dynamic response results, the influence rules of structural damping and mode truncation number on dynamic responses are obtained. Results show that the dynamic responses of vehicle changes significantly with the change of structural damping and mode truncation number. The studying results provide important significance for the determination of parameters. As well as, the correctness and reliability of the analysis results are verified by the experimental method.
Correlates of Hallucinatory Experiences in the General Population: An International Multisite Replication Study
Authors: Moseley Peter , Aleman André , Allen Paul , Bell Vaughan , Bless Josef , Bortolon Catherine , Cella Matteo , Garrison Jane , Hugdahl Kenneth , Kozáková Eva , Larøi Frank , Moffatt Jamie , Say Nicolas , Smailes David , Suzuki Mimi , Toh Wei Lin , Woodward Todd , Zaytseva Yuliya , Rossell Susan , Fernyhough Charles
Published: June 2021

Hallucinatory experiences can occur in both clinical and nonclinical groups. However, in previous studies of the general population, investigations of the cognitive mechanisms underlying hallucinatory experiences have yielded inconsistent results. We ran a large-scale preregistered multisite study, in which general-population participants ( N = 1,394 across 11 data-collection sites and online) completed assessments of hallucinatory experiences, a measure of adverse childhood experiences, and four tasks: source memory, dichotic listening, backward digit span, and auditory signal detection. We found that hallucinatory experiences were associated with a higher false-alarm rate on the signal detection task and a greater number of reported adverse childhood experiences but not with any of the other cognitive measures employed. These findings are an important step in improving reproducibility in hallucinations research and suggest that the replicability of some findings regarding cognition in clinical samples needs to be investigated.
Antiphospholipid antibodies and cerebrovascular thrombosis in the pediatric population: Few answers to many questions
Authors: Hasbani Georges El , Taher Ali T , Sunji Nadine , Sciascia Savino , Uthman Imad
Published: June 2021

Most of the knowledge in pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is derived from studies performed on the adult population. As in adults, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) can contribute to thrombosis, especially cerebrovascular thrombosis, in neonates and children. Since aPL have the potential to cross the placental barrier, and since the pediatric population is prone to infections, re-testing for their positivity is essential to specify their role in cerebrovascular thrombosis.

In this review, we aimed at assessing the prevalence of aPL, criteria or non-criteria, in neonatal and childhood ischemic stroke and sinovenous thrombosis trying to find an association between aPL and cerebrovascular thrombosis in the neonatal and pediatric population. Also, we looked into the effect of aPL and anticoagulants/antiplatelets on the long term neurological outcomes of affected neonates or children. The questions regarding the prevalence of aPL among pediatric patients with cerebrovascular thrombosis, the relationship between the titers of aPL and incidence and recurrence of cerebrovascular events, the predictability of the long term neurological outcomes, and the most optimal anticoagulation plan are still to be answered. However, it is crucial for clinicians to screen neonates and children with cerebrovascular thrombosis for aPL and confirm their presence if positive.
Scope of Cloud Computing in Business: A Compendious and Methodical Analysis of Trends in Publications and Patents
Authors: Srivastava Shagun , Agarwal Sarthak , Dubey Rishabh , Murarka Amisha , Naik Tanvi , Nimbhorkar Abhishek , Kothari Dhwani
Published: June 2021

Cloud Computing was a disruptive technology that reshaped the entire global industry, decentralizing the operational exchange and use of data and information. More companies are transitioning to a cloud-based infrastructure and are shifting some basic as well as advanced functionalities to it due to its salient features such as security, availability, scalability and popularity. Nevertheless, there is uncertainty attached to its limitations considering the possible saturation of the ceiling of growth and subsequent maturity of the technology’s potential. Therefore, it is essential to grasp the scope of the technology to be ready for the prospective trends and changes, as well as to channel its full incremental potential. For this, an elucidated statistical analysis of the technology is conducted, including the assessment of the trends of publications and patents signifying the evolution of the technology, its projected time of maturity, and finally, a befitting evidential roadmap for its future. This original work aims to add value by analyzing the numerical information concerning the growth of the technology over the years since its inception, and subsequently construct a detailed plan to adapt business objectives to the possible tapering of the growth curve of Cloud and build a suggestive and tentative contingency plan for the stage of technological maturity. Our finding indicates that Cloud technology may reach its maturity sooner than expected and an investment today might give the companies a competitive edge early on in the era of technological advancements and uncertainty.
How Social Ties with Undocumented Immigrants Motivate Latinx Political Participation
Authors: Roman Marcel , Walker Hannah , Barreto Matt
Published: June 2021

Prior research suggests social ties with undocumented immigrants among Latinxs may increase political engagement despite constraints undocumented social networks may introduce. We build on prior research and find across six surveys of Latinxs that social ties with undocumented immigrants are reliably associated with collective, identity expressive activities such as protesting, but not activities where immigration may not be immediately relevant, such as voting. Moreover, we assess a series of mechanisms to resolve the puzzle of heightened participation despite constraints. Consistent with prior research at the intersection of anti-immigrant threat and Social Identity Theory, we find Latinxs with strong ethnic identification are more likely to engage in political protest in the presence of social ties with undocumented immigrants, whereas weak identifiers disengage. We rule out alternative mechanisms that could link undocumented social ties with participation including political efficacy, a sense of injustice, linked fate, acculturation, outgroup perceptions of immigration status, partisan identity, conducive opportunity structures, and prosociality. Our contribution suggests the reason social ties with undocumented immigrants are not necessarily a hindrance to political engagement among Latinx immigrants and their co-ethnics is because they can draw from identitarian resources to overcome participatory constraints.
Drug- and patient-related factors are the strongest predictors of endocrine therapy adherence in breast cancer patients
Authors: Haji-Hersi Mariam F , Tilley Sophia , Shelton Caleb A , Lamb Nathan , Kamdem Landry K
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Medication non-adherence to treatment regimens can severely impact the mortality of patients afflicted with breast cancer.The purpose of this study was to identify factors that contribute to non-adherence to endocrine therapy in breast cancer treatment plans.

Methods

Thirty-two women with a breast cancer diagnosis were surveyed by pharmacists and pharmacy students to identify the patient- related factors (e.g. patient personal beliefs, education level), drug-related factors (e.g. patient drug allergies), socio-economic factors (e.g. patient ability to pay for the medication) and healthcare system factors (e.g. poor patient-healthcare provider relationship) that may impact non-adherence to endocrine therapy in breast cancer treatment plans. Medication adherence rates were measured using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS-8) system. Associations between adherence rate scores and clinical variables (e.g. age, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, cost of treatment, education level, personal beliefs, drug allergies, patient/provider relationship, adverse events) were carried out using Spearman Correlation, T-Test, Mann-Whitney U Test, and X2 tests. A p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Our study found that 59% of survey respondents were non-adherent to their endocrine therapy in breast cancer treatment plans. Drug allergies ( p = 0.000069), patient ability to pay ( p = 0.005), poor personal beliefs about the prescribed therapy (p = 0.009), low education level ( p = 0.025), adverse drug events ( p = 0.026), and poor patient-provider relationship ( p = 0.05) were found to play a role in patient non-adherence to treatment.

Conclusions

Our study found that drug- (e.g. allergies), socio-economic (e.g. patient ability to pay), and patient-related factors (e.g. personal beliefs) are the strongest predictors of adherence among breast cancer patients undergoing endocrine therapy. These findings support the need for a better relationship between breast cancer patients and their healthcare providers, including drug experts such as pharmacists.
Stability of calcium levofolinate, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) mixture
Authors: Al Sabbagh Chantal , Agapova Elena , Boudy Vincent , Mignet Nathalie
Published: June 2021

FOLFOX is the most common chemotherapy combination prescribed in colorectal cancer. It is composed of calcium levofolinate, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin which demonstrated synergistic outcome. Nowadays, the lack of all-in-one formulation is due to the chemical composition of the pharmaceutical products and the highly pH-dependent stability of each drug. Herein, we aimed to investigate the stability of a ternary mixture of 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and calcium levofolinate, knowing that coadministering these drugs would improve their efficacy. The effect of three pHs (5.0, 6.0 and 7.5) and two drug concentrations (8/3/6 and 1/1/1 mg/ml for 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and calcium levofolinate, respectively) were examined. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed to separate and quantify the three drugs in one run. At higher concentrations, the ternary mixture was unstable regardless of pH. By reducing concentration, drug stability and compatibility in the mixture was improved at pH 5.0 for up to 3 days at +5°C ± 3 °C. In addition, binary mixtures provided stable properties at defined pHs. 5-fluorouracil/oxaliplatin mixture was stable at pH 5.0 over 48 hours while 5-fluorouracil/calcium levofolinate mixture was stable at pHs 6.0 and 7.5 up to 7 days.
Clinically Meaningful Improvements in Early Morning and Late Afternoon/Evening Functional Impairment in Children with ADHD Treated with Delayed-Release and Extended-Release Methylphenidate
Authors: Wilens Timothy E. , Faraone Stephen V. , Hammerness Paul G. , Pliszka Steven R. , Uchida Cassandra L. , DeSousa Norberto J. , Sallee Floyd R. , Incledon Bev , Newcorn Jeffrey H.
Published: June 2021

Objective:

The Before School Functioning Questionnaire and Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior–Revised assess early morning (BSFQ, PREMB-R AM subscale) and late afternoon/evening (PREMB-R PM subscale) functional impairment in children with ADHD. Clinically meaningful improvements were identified and applied to a trial of delayed-release and extended-release methylphenidate (DR/ER-MPH) in children with ADHD (NCT02520388) to determine if the statistically-determined improvements in functional impairment were also clinically meaningful.

Method:

Clinically meaningful improvements in BSFQ/PREMB-R were established post hoc by receiver operating characteristics curves, using anchors of Clinical Global Impression–Improvement (CGI-I) = 1 and CGI-I ≤ 2. Percentages of participants achieving these thresholds were calculated.

Results:

Thresholds for CGI-I = 1/CGI-I ≤ 2, respectively, were 27/20 (BSFQ), 5/3 (PREMB-R AM), and 9/5 (PREMB-R PM)-point decreases. More children achieved clinically meaningful improvements with DR/ER-MPH versus placebo (all p < .05).

Conclusion:

DR/ER-MPH increased proportions of children achieving clinically meaningful improvements in BSFQ and PREMB-R.
Multi-Tiered Classroom Management Intervention in a Middle School Classroom: Initial Investigation of CW-FIT-Middle School Tier 1 and Self-Management
Authors: Chen Pei-Yu , Scheibel Gretchen A. , Henley Vanessa M. , Wills Howard P.
Published: June 2021

Middle school students with social and behavioral concerns need additional support. The current study investigated the effects of Class-Wide Function-related intervention teams adapted for middle school contexts (CW-FIT MS) and self-management (SM) in a sixth-grade reading class. CW-FIT MS was implemented, subsequently, for students with data indicating additional support was needed, and a self-management component was added to intensify the intervention (CW-FIT MS w/ SM). A single-subject multiple baseline design was implemented across four student participants, and the on-task student behavior as well as the teacher-student relationship were examined to assess the effects of the intervention. Results indicated improved on-task behavior for three of four students with the implementation of the self-management intervention, demonstrating promising maintenance effects. Preliminary data showed an overall improvement in the teacher-student relationship. Both teachers and students reported positive perceptions about the intervention, consistent with earlier findings in CW-FIT MS studies. Limitations and areas for future research are addressed.
In-plane compression modulus and strength of Nomex honeycomb cores
Authors: Ayanoglu Mustafa O , Tauhiduzzaman Mohammad , Carlsson Leif A
Published: June 2021

The stress-strain response and deformation mechanism of a range of Nomex honeycomb cores tested under in-plane compression has been examined experimentally. The cores with a thin wall displayed extensive bending deformation of the cell walls inclined to the horizontal (loading is vertical) and failed in bending. The cores with thicker walls failed by a shear-type instability of the cells indicated by tilting of vertical cell wall segments. The failure strain decreased with increasing core density. The modulus and compressive strength of the core were compared to micromechanical predictions. Normalized modulus and strength values varied between the various cores. The average modulus and strength results allow backing out of the modulus and bending strength of the Nomex paper. The results were in reasonable agreement with published tensile test results and composite micromechanics.
Follicular lymphoma of the ocular adnexa: Clinicopathological findings with flow cytometry analysis of eight cases
Authors: Mitamura Mizuho , Kase Satoru , Suzuki Yasuo , Sakaguchi Takatoshi , Suimon Yuka , Dong Yoko , Hatanaka Kanako C , Sinohara Toshiya , Kase Manabu , Ishida Susumu
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

Flow cytometry (FCM) is used to evaluate cell surface markers of various leukocyte populations quantitatively. However, little is known about the usefulness of FCM in follicular lymphoma (FL) of the ocular adnexa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features and FCM results in ocular adnexal FL.

Materials:

This is a retrospective multicenter case study on clinical and immunohistochemical features. All tumors, surgically excised, were diagnosed based on histopathology, immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement, and FCM. The percentages (%) of B-cell markers, T-cell markers, a natural killer cell marker, and cell surface kappa/lambda measured by FCM analysis in tumor tissues were searched based on medical records.

Results:

This study enrolled nine tumors in eight FL patients (three men and five women). The median age at the time of initial presentation was 74 years. All the tumors surgically excised histologically exhibited cluster of differentiation (CD)10, CD20, and BCL2-positive cells. At the time of ophthalmic diagnosis, lymphomas were already disseminated throughout the body in five cases. FCM demonstrated high percentage of B-cell markers including CD10, CD19, CD20, and CD23 in all nine tumors. CD10 population was 73.5% ± 11.9% in seven out of nine tumors, while that in the other two tumors was particularly low being 11.7% ± 1.13%, which showed the relatively high T-cell lineages compared to the other seven tumors.

Conclusion:

For ophthalmologists involving managements of ocular adnexal tumors, FCM can provide useful information for complementing the diagnosis and understanding pathophysiology of FL.
Impact of Andrographolide and Melatonin Combinatorial Drug Therapy on Metastatic Colon Cancer Cells and Organoids
Authors: Sharda Neha , Ikuse Tamaki , Hill Elizabeth , Garcia Sonia , Czinn Steven J , Bafford Andrea , Blanchard Thomas G , Banerjee Aditi
Published: June 2021

Background:

The death rate (the number of deaths per 100 000 people per year) of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been dropping since 1980 due to increased screening, lifestyle-related risk factors, and improved treatment options; however, CRC is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men and women in the United States. Therefore, successful therapy for CRC is an unmet clinical need. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of andrographolide (AGP) and melatonin (MLT) on CRC and the underlying mechanism.

Methods:

To investigate AGP and MLT anticancer effects, a series of metastatic colon cancer cell lines (T84, Colo 205, HT-29, and DLD-1) were selected. In addition, a metastatic patient-derived organoid model (PDOD) was used to monitor the anticancer effects of AGP and MLT. A series of bioassays including 3D organoid cell culture, MTT, colony formation, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed.

Results:

The dual therapy significantly promotes CRC cell death, as compared with the normal cells. It also limits CRC colony formation and disrupts the PDOD membrane integrity along with decreased Ki-67 expression. A significantly higher cleaved caspase-3 and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins, IRE-1 and ATF-6 expression, by 48 hours were found. This combinatorial treatment increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Apoptosis signaling molecules BAX, XBP-1, and CHOP were significantly increased as determined by qPCR.

Conclusions:

These findings indicated that AGP and MLT associated ER stress-mediated apoptotic metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) cell death through the IRE-1/XBP-1/CHOP signaling pathway. This novel combination could be a potential therapeutic strategy for mCRC cells.
Workplace hate speech and rendering Black and Native lives as if they do not matter: A nightmarish autoethnography
Authors: Bohonos Jeremy W
Published: June 2021

The #BlackLivesMatter movement has been met with resistance and hostility by many whites who do not see the need for assertions regarding the value and worth of Black lives. Those who seek to disrupt this emerging discourse tend to regard instances of white violence against Black people as individual incidents that do not reflect larger societal patterns. This paper addresses these assertions by drawing on discussions of slurs and other racially abusive language in the workplace. Using autoethnography, I provide rich descriptions of how hateful language circulates in whitespaces through both interpersonal interactions and through group-level consumption of racially problematic mass media creating organizations that are hostile to people of color, even in their absence. Major implications of this study include that the devaluation of Black and Native lives is pervasive within many predominantly white organizations and that this reality negatively effects both the life chances and the personal safety of people of color.
Agency in compliance with institutions: The case of professional expert-organizations and politico-ethical agency
Authors: Klemsdal Lars , Wittusen Cato
Published: June 2021

As contemporary organizational life is increasingly rule governed, organizational actors, most notably professionals, perform their work by complying with institutional rules, stemming from regulatory bodies external and internal to organizations. This begs a question of the role of agency in compliance with institutions that is largely ignored within organization theory. A weak form of agency in compliance is found in practice theory and practice-driven institutionalism, in terms of actors mindful enactments of institutions on the basis of mastering shared practices for applying institutional rules. These are characterized as first-order practices of compliance with institutions. Extending the Wittgensteinian-inspired philosophical foundation of practice theory, modes of compliance in so-called “hard cases,” where shared practices do not apply as a basis for agreement in following institutional rules, is conceptualized as second-order compliance practices, involving a strong mode of agency. In these cases, the aim is to reach agreement on how rules are to be applied beyond established first-order practices by engaging larger frameworks of shared forms of life and more open and explorative attitudes to move institutions forward for a common good. It is argued that second-order compliance can be understood as a politico-ethical mode of agency in the Kantian tradition, supplementing prevalent notions within organizational institutionalism of agency as primarily political.
Mental health of people with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 outbreak: A prospective cohort and cross-sectional case–control study of the UK MS Register
Authors: Garjani Afagh , Hunter Rachael , Law Graham R , Middleton Rodden M , Tuite-Dalton Katherine A , Dobson Ruth , Ford David V , Hughes Stella , Pearson Owen R , Rog David , Tallantyre Emma C , Nicholas Richard , Morriss Richard , Evangelou Nikos , das Nair Roshan
Published: June 2021

Background:

People with MS (pwMS) have had higher rates of anxiety and depression than the general population before the COVID-19 pandemic, placing them at higher risk of experiencing poor psychological wellbeing during the pandemic.

Objective:

To assess mental health and its social/lifestyle determinants in pwMS during the first wave of the outbreak in the United Kingdom.

Methods:

This is a community-based, prospective longitudinal cohort and cross-sectional case–control online questionnaire study. It includes 2010 pwMS from the UK MS Register and 380 people without MS.

Results:

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores of pwMS for anxiety and depression during the outbreak did not change from the previous year. PwMS were more likely to have anxiety (using General Anxiety Disorder-7) and/or depression (using Patient Health Questionnaire-9) than controls during the outbreak (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.58–2.91). PwMS felt lonelier (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04–1.80) reported worse social support (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.18–3.07) and reported worsened exercise habits (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.18–2.32) during the outbreak than controls.

Conclusion:

Early in the pandemic, pwMS remained at higher risk of experiencing anxiety and depression than the general population. It is important that multidisciplinary teams improve their support for the wellbeing of pwMS, who are vulnerable to the negative effects of the pandemic on their lifestyle and social support.
Establishing a global quality of care benchmark report
Authors: Sampurno Fanny , Cally Justin , Opie Jacinta L , Kannan Ashwini , Millar Jeremy L , Finelli Antonio , Vickers Andrew J , Moore Caroline M , Kowalski Christoph , Foster Claire , Barocas Dan A , Galvin David , Van Basten Jean-Paul , Gore John L , Ferencz Julia , Lawson Keith A , Ghani Khurshid R , Kwan Lorna , Saarela Olli , Connor Sarah E , Dieng Sebastian , Linsell Susan , Soeterik Timo FW , Villanti Paul , Litwin Mark S , Evans Sue M
Published: June 2021

Background:

The Movember funded TrueNTH Global Registry (TNGR) aims to improve care by collecting and analysing a consistent dataset to identify variation in disease management, benchmark care delivery in accordance with best practice guidelines and provide this information to those in a position to enact change. We discuss considerations of designing and implementing a quality of care report for TNGR.

Methods:

Eleven working group sessions were held prior to and as reports were being built with representation from clinicians, data managers and investigators contributing to TNGR. The aim of the meetings was to understand current data display approaches, share literature review findings and ideas for innovative approaches. Preferred displays were evaluated with two surveys (survey 1: 5 clinicians and 5 non-clinicians, 83% response rate; survey 2: 17 clinicians and 18 non-clinicians, 93% response rate).

Results:

Consensus on dashboard design and three data-display preferences were achieved. The dashboard comprised two performance summary charts; one summarising site’s relative quality indicator (QI) performance and another to summarise data quality. Binary outcome QIs were presented as funnel plots. Patient-reported outcome measures of function score and the extent to which men were bothered by their symptoms were presented in bubble plots. Time series graphs were seen as providing important information to supplement funnel and bubble plots. R Markdown was selected as the software program principally because of its excellent analytic and graph display capacity, open source licensing model and the large global community sharing program code enhancements.

Conclusions:

International collaboration in creating and maintaining clinical quality registries has allowed benchmarking of process and outcome measures on a large scale. A registry report system was developed with stakeholder engagement to produce dynamic reports that provide user-specific feedback to 132 participating sites across 13 countries.
The knowledge gap on social media: Examining roles of engagement and networks
Authors: Li Wenbo , Cho Hyunyi
Published: June 2021

The knowledge gap hypothesis predicts that information inequity will be amplified rather than attenuated by the media. Previous research has focused on the role of mass media exposure and has not examined the roles of social media and social networks in mitigating the gap. This study investigated the potential moderating roles of social media engagement, social networks, and the interaction between engagement and online and offline networks. Hypotheses were tested with data from a national sample survey ( N = 991) concerning political and health knowledge. More social media engagement predicted a smaller knowledge gap in the political domain but not the health domain. More diverse and denser social media networks predicted a smaller political, but not health, knowledge gap. Social media engagement interacted with mixed-media relationships to predict the political knowledge gap. More engagement with mixed-media relationships was associated with a smaller political knowledge gap.