bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Contribution of Collagen to the Tumor Biomechanical Phenotype with Noninvasive Magnetic Resonance Elastography
Authors: Li Jin , Zormpas-Petridis Konstantinos , Boult Jessica K.R. , Reeves Emma L. , Heindl Andreas , Vinci Maria , Lopes Filipa , Cummings Craig , Springer Caroline J. , Chesler Louis , Jones Chris , Bamber Jeffrey C. , Yuan Yinyin , Sinkus Ralph , Jamin Yann , Robinson Simon P.
Published: October 2019

Increased stiffness in the extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. Therefore, stromal modulating therapies and accompanying biomarkers are being developed to target ECM stiffness. Magnetic resonance (MR) elastography can noninvasively and quantitatively map the viscoelastic properties of tumors in vivo and thus has clear clinical applications. Herein, we used MR elastography, coupled with computational histopathology, to interrogate the contribution of collagen to the tumor biomechanical phenotype and to evaluate its sensitivity to collagenase-induced stromal modulation. Elasticity (Gd) and viscosity (Gl) were significantly greater for orthotopic BT-474 (Gd = 5.9 ± 0.2 kPa, Gl = 4.7 ± 0.2 kPa, n = 7) and luc-MDA-MB-231-LM2-4 (Gd = 7.9 ± 0.4 kPa, Gl = 6.0 ± 0.2 kPa, n = 6) breast cancer xenografts, and luc-PANC1 (Gd = 6.9 ± 0.3 kPa, Gl = 6.2 ± 0.2 kPa, n = 7) pancreatic cancer xenografts, compared with tumors associated with the nervous system, including GTML/Trp53KI/KI medulloblastoma (Gd = 3.5 ± 0.2 kPa, Gl = 2.3 ± 0.2 kPa, n = 7), orthotopic luc-D-212-MG (Gd = 3.5 ± 0.2 kPa, Gl = 2.3 ± 0.2 kPa, n = 7), luc-RG2 (Gd = 3.5 ± 0.2 kPa, Gl = 2.3 ± 0.2 kPa, n = 5), and luc-U-87-MG (Gd = 3.5 ± 0.2 kPa, Gl = 2.3 ± 0.2 kPa, n = 8) glioblastoma xenografts, intracranially propagated luc-MDA-MB-231-LM2-4 (Gd = 3.7 ± 0.2 kPa, Gl = 2.2 ± 0.1 kPa, n = 7) breast cancer xenografts, and Th-MYCN neuroblastomas (Gd = 3.5 ± 0.2 kPa, Gl = 2.3 ± 0.2 kPa, n = 5). Positive correlations between both elasticity (r = 0.72, P < 0.0001) and viscosity (r = 0.78, P < 0.0001) were determined with collagen fraction, but not with cellular or vascular density. Treatment with collagenase significantly reduced Gd (P = 0.002) and Gl (P = 0.0006) in orthotopic breast tumors. Texture analysis of extracted images of picrosirius red staining revealed significant negative correlations of entropy with Gd (r = −0.69, P < 0.0001) and Gl (r = −0.76, P < 0.0001), and positive correlations of fractal dimension with Gd (r = 0.75, P < 0.0001) and Gl (r = 0.78, P < 0.0001). MR elastography can thus provide sensitive imaging biomarkers of tumor collagen deposition and its therapeutic modulation.

Significance:

MR elastography enables noninvasive detection of tumor stiffness and will aid in the development of ECM-targeting therapies.
Centrosome Amplification in Cancer Disrupts Autophagy and Sensitizes to Autophagy Inhibition
Authors: Denu Ryan A. , Kaur Gulpreet , Sass Madilyn M. , Lakkaraju Aparna , Burkard Mark E.
Published: October 2019

Centrosome amplification (CA), or a numerical increase in centrosomes, is common in human cancers, particularly those with high-risk features. We have discovered that cells with CA have an increased burden of autophagy, a catabolic process whereby autophagosomes engulf damaged organelles and proteins and deliver these contents to the lysosome for degradation and subsequent recycling. Cells with CA demonstrate an accumulation of autophagosomes. We evaluated the alternative hypotheses that CA alters autophagy by modulating microtubule networks and impairing trafficking versus altering lysosome clustering and organization versus chromosome missegregation-induced proteotoxic stress. Using LC3 reporter assays and autophagosome tracking experiments, we demonstrate that CA causes an accumulation of autophagosomes by interfering with autophagosome trafficking. To establish whether this was a druggable weakness, we tested autophagy inhibitors in our cell models of CA. Cells with CA are sensitized to chemical and genetic autophagy inhibition. Taken together, our results suggest that autophagy is disrupted by CA and sensitizes cells to inhibition of autophagy. These findings suggest a novel precision medicine strategy, whereby CA increases reliance on autophagy and serves as a biomarker for autophagy inhibitors in high-risk cancers.

Implications:

Our study suggests that CA could be used as a predictive biomarker for treatment with autophagy inhibitors.
A noção de defesa na teoria e na técnica de Sándor Ferenczi
Authors: Silva Joselene Monteiro , Fontenele Laéria
Published: October 2019

Analisamos, mediante revisão bibliográfica, o posicionamento de Sándor Ferenczi acerca da defesa, destacando o recalque, na teoria e na técnica psicanalítica, estabelecendo um contraponto com a obra freudiana. Evidenciamos que há estreita relação entre as tentativas clínicas – destacando a técnica ativa e a neocatarse – de contornar as limitações ao tratamento relativas aos mecanismos defensivos propostas pelo autor e sua forma de compreender o recalcamento. Por fim, formulamos uma crítica considerando as consequências das mudanças técnicas para o processo analítico: uma desvalorização da fala, o excesso de agressividade na relação transferencial e a localização do saber do lado do analista.
Ferenczi e a educação
Authors: Arreguy Marilia Etienne , Montes Fernanda Ferreira
Published: October 2019

Experiências clínicas e postulados teóricos de Sandor Ferenczi trazem inúmeras contribuições para a Educação. Procuramos articular, neste artigo, duas formas de violência desmentida, uma coletiva e outra estranhamente familiar. Trata-se de duas dimensões fundadas num traumatismo radicalmente desestruturante, posto que resulta na clivagem do eu. Desenvolvemos a hipótese de que a desautorização do sujeito no plano societário - pela violência objetiva da exploração pelo capital - potencializa a identificação com o agressor e a reprodução de mecanismos incapacitantes na esfera educacional. O traumático da violência atuada entre os sujeitos na escola é sobreposto por uma clivagem introjetada na divisão de classes, especificamente na separação entre o ensino público e privado, bem como no racismo desmentido da sociedade brasileira. Introjeção e transferência fomentam esse processo. O embate entre os mundos adulto e infantil, com a imposição hierárquica de um saber vertical e hegemônico, costuma irromper como passagem ao ato no plano intersubjetivo. A imbricação inconsciente desses dois planos de violência clivada deve ser compreendida para que fragilidades narcísicas venham a ser integradas empaticamente no sentir com o outro. A sensibilidade para uma transferência mútua permite ao professor expor corajosamente suas fragilidades diante da hipocrisia sistêmica, promovendo reconhecimento dos sujeitos mais vulneráveis.
On the topicality and research impact of special issues
Authors: Sainte-Marie Maxime , Mongeon Philippe , Larivière Vincent
Published: October 2019

The publication of special issues constitute an important yet underinvestigated phenomenon of scholarly communication. In an attempt to draw attention to the proliferation of special issues, Priem (2006) suggested that their commissioning has an underestimated opportunity cost, given the relative scarcity of publication space: by distorting the “marketplace for ideas” through the commanding of preselected topical distributions, special issues undermine the total research output by “squeezing out” high-quality but topically unrelated articles. The present paper attempts to test this hypothesis by providing a topicality and research impact analysis of conference-based, monographic, and regular issues published between 2010 and 2015 inclusive and indexed in Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science. The results show that the titles and abstracts of articles copublished are topically closer to each other than those copublished in regular issues, which suggests that their relative importance might influence the total topical distribution. However, disciplinary and overall comparison of relative citations for both special and regular issues shows that intraissue averages and variances in the former case are respectively higher and lower than in the regular issue context, which undermines not only the abovementioned hypothesis, but also the belief that editors often “fill up” special issues by accepting substandard papers.
“Let’s Take the Text Seriously”
Authors: Young Stephen L.
Published: October 2019

Mainstream New Testament Studies is often a space of repeating, elaborating on, identifying with, or valorizing the voices of NT writings. These common features of NT Studies resemble what scholars in Religious Studies refer to as protectionism: the privileging of a source’s own claims to such an extent that interpreters let them dictate academic analysis. Through examining debates about NT sources and both Greco-Roman ethnic rhetorics and Hellenistic philosophy, this article argues that protectionism structures the doxa of mainstream NT Studies—the commonsense that shapes what is thinkable and what questions / categories feel the most obvious. The field’s protectionism often manifests itself in confused rhetoric about “taking the text seriously” and in the invalidating of scholarship that does something other than describe (i.e., “exegesis”) or elaborate upon NT writings. Protectionism thus helps explain the gendered hierarchies of knowledge in NT Studies: “exegesis” and supposedly “objective Historical-Criticism” are dominant norms that reproduce the field as a masculine dominated space. As a result, critical and redescriptive research—especially by or about women—gets passed over since it seems “niche” or “political / agenda” driven by comparison. Interrogating the protectionism of NT Studies thus permits rethinking the politics of what kinds of scholarship seem the most obvious.
Post-Socialist Sufi Revival in Albania
Authors: Bria Gianfranco
Published: October 2019

This work analyses the case of Sufi revival in post-socialist Albania, where the religious field has been fragmented by the competing actions of different actors (local, regional and foreign) and by the critical and individualised religiosity of the faithful. Sufi public life is substantially marginalised by the monopoly of the esoteric Baktashis and Sunni political strategies. Thus, many Sufi faithful prefer to live their religious experience and express their practice in inner, private and virtual spaces. This dynamics has transformed the Sufi path and the charismatic authority of the Shaykhs.
Women’s Disintegrated Participation: Hierarchy and Gender Relations Re-Examined in Khru Somsri
Authors: Singpliam Porranee
Published: October 2019

The reality of global capitalism and development ideology has made Thailand uncertain. In the 1980s, Thailand’s reduced political activity accelerated the export-oriented economy. The move in policy from political control to development ideology for the pursuit of economic advancement can be argued to have presented a collective threat to the people. The economic disparity prevalent in Thai society shows that people at the community level must face hazardous and insecure treatment from the more dominant party. In this paper, I have conducted an in-depth analysis of the film Khru Somsri (1986) which is a “social mirror” of Thai society amid this economic growth. I argue that statist development ideology, which is interchangeable with modernity, engenders two things. They are, firstly, the discourse on participation pertaining to class and gender and, secondly, the empowerment discourse, particularly of women. This paper shows that people at the local level must struggle in order to prolong their survival in the slum community. Furthermore, how the discourse of participation is being maneuvered is manifold. Participation, as seen in this film, is hierarchical and gendered. The latter aspect of gender relations amid the accelerated market economy ultimately challenges the propriety of how Thai women embody their femininity. This paper re-examines the enmeshed affiliations between the development discourse and disintegrated participation with special attention to gender relations where women’s participation in the development discourse unveils them as ardent, impassioned actors and empowered women.
Images of Thai Women in Magazines for Older Adults
Authors: Buaphet Permtip
Published: October 2019

This research on the images of Thai women in a magazine for older adults aims to analyze the structure and components of interview columns and examines the linguistic strategies used to present images of Thai women within the context of a magazine for older adults by associating textual analysis with visual methodology. The data collection in this research was grounded on O-lunla magazine, a magazine targeting people in their 60s and older. Twenty-two interview columns from ten magazine issues from January 2017 to October 2017 were included. The study discloses how this magazine for older adults defines the meaning of ageing and the role of the magazine in passing particular notions about desirable ageing and images of older women in Thai society through the use of linguistic strategies, as well as emphasizing the concepts of desirable ageing for women. The results with regard to the content reveal that the meanings of ageing and the images of Thai women in their older age in this magazine for older adults are formed in a positive way. That is to say, older women are depicted as archetypes of a pleasant life in terms of happiness, work and health.
Genesis of Tibetan Plateau Vortex: Roles of Surface Diabatic and Atmospheric Condensational Latent Heating
Authors: Zhang Feimin , Wang Chenghai , Pu Zhaoxia
Published: October 2019

Numerical simulations of a nighttime-generated Tibetan Plateau vortex (TPV) are conducted using the advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. It is found that the nighttime TPV forms as a result of the merging of convections. Although the WRF Model can reproduce the genesis of the nighttime TPV well, colder and drier biases in the lower atmosphere and drier biases in the upper atmosphere are still presented, thus degrading the simulation performance. Intercomparisons among the experiments indicate that the simulations are more sensitive to land surface schemes than to cloud microphysics schemes. The development of convection is more favorable when daytime surface diabatic heating is vigorous. Surface diabatic heating during daytime plays a dominant role in the development of daytime convection and the genesis of nighttime TPV. Further diagnosis of the PV budget reveals that the obvious increase in PV in the lower atmosphere is associated with the evidently strengthened cyclonic vorticity during TPV genesis. This could be attributed to the increased vertical component of net cross-boundary PV fluxes during the merging of convections as well as the significant positive contribution of diabatic heating effects in the lower atmosphere. Therefore, strong daytime surface diabatic heating, which is essential to convection development, could provide a favorable condition for nighttime TPV genesis. Overall results illuminate the complicated process of TPV genesis.
Dynamics of the ENSO Teleconnection and NAO Variability in the North Atlantic–European Late Winter
Authors: Mezzina Bianca , García-Serrano Javier , Bladé Ileana , Kucharski Fred
Published: October 2019

The winter extratropical teleconnection of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the North Atlantic–European (NAE) sector remains controversial, concerning both the amplitude of its impacts and the underlying dynamics. However, a well-established response is a late-winter (January–March) signal in sea level pressure (SLP) consisting of a dipolar pattern that resembles the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Clarifying the relationship between this “NAO-like” ENSO signal and the actual NAO is the focus of this study. The ENSO–NAE teleconnection and NAO signature are diagnosed by means of linear regression onto the sea surface temperature (SST) Niño-3.4 index and an EOF-based NAO index, respectively, using long-term reanalysis data (NOAA-20CR, ERA-20CR). While the similarity in SLP is evident, the analysis of anomalous upper-tropospheric geopotential height, zonal wind, and transient-eddy momentum flux, as well as precipitation and meridional eddy heat flux, suggests that there is no dynamical link between the phenomena. The observational results are further confirmed by analyzing two 10-member ensembles of atmosphere-only simulations (using an intermediate-complexity and a state-of-the-art model) with prescribed SSTs over the twentieth century. The SST-forced variability in the Northern Hemisphere is dominated by the extratropical ENSO teleconnection, which provides modest but significant SLP skill in the NAE midlatitudes. The regional internally generated variability, estimated from residuals around the ensemble mean, corresponds to the NAO pattern. It is concluded that distinct dynamics are at play in the ENSO–NAE teleconnection and NAO variability, and caution is advised when interpreting the former in terms of the latter.
Impact of a University Alcohol Policy Change on Bystander Responses to Alcohol-Related Medical Emergencies
Authors: Haas Amie L. , Welter Nicholas C.
Published: October 2019

Two studies evaluated the implementation of a stricter campus underage drinking policy on service utilization and bystander helping behaviors for alcohol-related medical emergencies. A program evaluation (Study 1) examined campus emergency medical service logs assessing changes in call volume and service utilization, finding a 30% reduction in call volume postpolicy change. Study 2 provided a qualitative data summarizing campus first responder ( N =  35) accounts of off-duty alcohol-related emergency calls. Off-duty calls increased postpolicy change and thematic analyses indicated they were (a) motivated by fear of campus sanctions, (b) often yielded delays or failures to contact campus emergency staff, and (c) resulted from student misunderstandings of policy implications for bystander helpers. Findings highlight potential challenges in executing environmental strategies to reduce college drinking.
Regenerative effects of spring water-derived bacterial lysates on human skin fibroblast in in vitro culture: preliminary results
Authors: Nicoletti Giovanni , Saler Marco , Tresoldi Marco Mario , Faga Angela , Benedet Mattia , Cristofolini Mario
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Previous studies have shown regenerative power of the skin with Comano (Trento, Italy) spring water and resident non-pathogenic microflora. This study investigated the action of bacterial lysates that were isolated from Comano spring water on in vitro culture of human skin fibroblasts.

Methods:

For this study, we selected the following four bacterial lysates: L1 (closest relative: Rudaea cellulosilytica), L2 (closest relative: Mesorhizobium erdmanii), L3 (closest relative: Herbiconiux ginsengi), and L4 (closest relative: Fictibacillus phosphorivorans). Human fibroblasts were cultured under Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with bacterial lysates added or DMEM (controls). Cell proliferation was evaluated by spectrophotometric absorbance analysis after the XTT-Microculture Tetrazolium Assay.

Results:

At 24 hours, cultures with L2, L3, and L4 showed a higher absorbance compared with controls. At 48 hours, cultures with L1, L2, and L3 showed slightly lower absorbance compared with controls, and culture with L4 showed a higher absorbance than in the other experimental conditions. At 72 hours, absorbance was lower in cultures with L1, L2, and L3 than in controls, and absorbance was higher in culture with L4 than in the other experimental conditions.

Conclusions:

Our study indicates a favorable action of Comano spring water microbiota on proliferation of human skin fibroblasts.
Geriatric Health Experts Validate Oral Neglect Timelines for the Institutionalized Elderly
Authors: Casey Sharon M. , Katz Ralph V. , Huang Shulamite , Smith Barbara J.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this follow-up Delphi survey was to have an expert panel of 31 academic geriatric physicians, geriatric nurses, and medical directors of nursing homes evaluate the original timeline set to avoid oral neglect of nursing home residents. The Oral Neglect in Institutionalized Elderly (ONiIE) timelines defined oral neglect as having occurred when >7 days for acute oral diseases/conditions or >34 days for chronic oral disease/conditions had passed between initial diagnosis and offering access to dental care to the long-term care (LTC) nursing home resident. The results of this follow-up Delphi survey validated those originally defined ONiIE timelines as 90% of this panel agreed with the original timelines. This ONiIE definition adds a broad-based validation for the ONiIE timelines for setting an oral health standard of care for institutionalized elderly residents of nursing homes and should now be used to protect the vulnerable elderly residing in LTC nursing homes.
Urban Heat Management in Louisville, Kentucky: A Framework for Climate Adaptation Planning
Authors: Stone Brian , Lanza Kevin , Mallen Evan , Vargo Jason , Russell Armistead
Published: October 2019

We explore the potential for cities to develop urban heat management plans to moderate rising temperatures and to lessen the impact of extreme heat on human health. Specifically, we model the impacts of heat management strategies, including tree planting and other green infrastructure, cool roofing and paving, and a reduction in waste heat emissions from buildings and vehicles, on estimated heat-related mortality across Louisville, Kentucky. Our assessment finds a combination of urban heat management strategies to lessen summer temperatures by as much as 10°F on hot days and to reduce estimated heat-related mortality by more than 20 percent.
Swelling and electrical properties of LLDPE reinforced by SWCNTs nanocomposites for radiation and sensors applications
Authors: Abd Elbary AM , Tammam MT , Aljuraide NI
Published: October 2019

Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) incorporated with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by mistreatment casting technique. The result of various weight percentage loadings of SWCNTs on the swelling and electrical properties of LLDPE/SWCNTs nanocomposite also γ-irradiation effects had been investigated. It was found that, at low concentration, it uniformly disperses into an LLDPE matrix and provides LLDPE/SWCNTs nanocomposites with abundant improved electrical properties by nine orders of magnitude. Positive temperature coefficient of conductivity (PTCC)/negative temperature coefficient of conductivity (NTCC) was affected by the SWCNT contents. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscope techniques were used to investigate the dispersion of SWCNTs in the LLDPE matrix. Linear exceptional modification within direct current electrical conduction of percolative threshold-loaded LLDPE as a perform of γ-irradiation dose will be used as a nontoxic, easy, inexpensive, and sensitive method to evaluate the irradiation dose in range 10 Gy–1 kGy also can be used in fabrication of firing sensors with various ranges of temperatures.
Sense of Self: Its Place in Personality Disturbance, Psychopathology, and Normal Experience
Authors: Basten Christopher , Touyz Stephen
Published: October 2019

Sense of self (SOS) is a cornerstone of psychological inquiry and therapy and is a defining feature of a range of psychological conditions including borderline personality disorder, yet it is poorly understood. SOS is that continuous experience of being a complete and authentic person who feels in control of their own activities. It is a part of normal development of the self and, when weakened by trauma or developmental neglect, is a vulnerability for developing many different disorders, including depression and dissociative, personality, and eating disorders. This review aims to provide a working definition and description of SOS and to summarize its transdiagnostic role in contributing to psychological disorders. To achieve this aim, the article encompasses and unites the literature from various theoretical domains including developmental psychology, identity theory, cognitive psychology, personality disorders, and psychodynamic theories. Implications are raised for psychological therapy and research into psychopathology and its underpinnings.
The Indirect Influence of Organizational Safety Climate on Football Players’ Concussion Reporting Intentions
Authors: Wayment Heidi A. , Huffman Ann Hergatt
Published: October 2019

Most of the health interventions designed to increase athletes’ reporting of potential concussion symptoms have focused only on the individual athlete. Unfortunately, interventions targeted at athletes’ knowledge and understanding of concussion risk has not reliably increased their reporting behavior, leading to increased calls for “changing the culture of concussion reporting.” To date, no studies have examined the role of organizational safety climate has on concussion-symptom reporting behavior. We hypothesized that players’ perception of organizational safety climate would be indirectly related to their concussion symptom reporting intentions, via the influence of safety culture on supportive social norms and self-efficacy, two well-known predictors of concussion reporting intentions. We used structural equation modeling techniques to create robust latent measures of our model variables and then examined the indirect influence of football program safety climate on football players’ symptom reporting intentions. Surveys were completed by NCAA Division I football players ( N = 223) before and after the 2017 football season. We tested a confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesized latent variable model with preseason data, made small adjustments to our model (adding correlated error terms), and then confirmed using postseason data. We also examined a competing, alternative model. Results support the indirect and influence of perceived safety climate on concussion reporting intentions primarily via the relationship between safety climate and social norms, and to a lesser extent between safety climate and self-efficacy. Discussion focuses on the importance of considering the addition of interventions aimed at systems-level influences to facilitate supportive social norms and athlete self-efficacy regarding concussion symptom reporting.
Gender performativity in rural northern Ghana: implications for transnational feminist theorising
Authors: Awinpoka Akurugu Constance
Published: October 2019

In this article, I draw on theories of gender performativity and on postcolonial African feminisms to develop an account of femininities in the rural context of northern Ghana. In doing this, I reflect on Judith Butler’s theory of gender as performative, that is, as constituted by the reiterative power of discourse to create and also constrain that which it names. Through an analysis of the findings from my participant observation fieldwork amongst the Dagaaba community in Serekpere in north-western Ghana, I demonstrate that there exists a profound resonance between the theories of performativity of gender and Dagaaba constructions of gender identities and power relations. The key assumptions of performativity theories are instructive in helping to make sense of the subtleties of gendered performance and power relations in this Dagaaba community. This article diverges from Butlerian theories of gender performativity by focusing on heteronormative marriage practices and the role they play in forming gendered identities. In this regard, it participates in acts of cultural translation – between European and North American settings and a West African milieu. Based on my analysis of the performative practices that constitute gender relations amongst the Dagaaba, I argue that femininity can be understood as forming a continuum, namely: ‘ideal woman’, ‘woman’ and ‘beyond woman’.
Role of Personal and Organizational Factors on Student Attrition From Graduate Education: A Mixed-Model Research
Authors: Ertem Hasan Yücel , Gokalp Gokce
Published: October 2019

Students in graduate education have a desire to hold a degree because of contributions of graduate education such as opportunity to become faculty member, professional development, and promotion. Despite these benefits of graduate education, there are students who do not persist on gaining a graduate degree. This study aims to develop and test a model to determine the role of personal and organizational factors on student attrition from graduate education and to investigate graduate student attrition from the lenses of students and faculty. The design of the study was mixed-model research. Through a three-staged clustered random sampling and purposeful sampling, respectively, 653 and 36 participants were selected. Results of the correlational analysis indicated that intention to leave graduate education was predicted by personal factors, while the phenomenological part of the study pointed out that personal factors were more visible in student attrition than organizational factors.
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Rabbit Model of Duodenal Atresia for Training in Pediatric Surgical Skills
Authors: Ordorica-Flores Ricardo , Orpinel-Armendariz Elena , Rodríguez-Reyna Reynaldo , Pérez-Escamirosa Fernando , Castro-Luna Raúl , Minor-Martínez Arturo , Nieto-Zermeño Jaime
Published: October 2019

Duodenal atresia is a congenital defect that requires advanced surgical skills. The objective of this study is to present an anatomical defect of duodenal atresia using a rabbit model and evaluate the preliminary experience for the training of surgical skills with pediatric surgeons. Adult white New Zealand male rabbits weighing 3.0 to 4.5 kg were used to create the defect. To simulate the bottom of the dilated blind pouch, the gastric antrum of the rabbit was obliterated using a 2-0 Prolene suture, and the cecal appendix was dissected to simulate the continuation of the duodenum. Participants performed laparoscopic duodenal atresia repair in this animal model using the iPhone trainer. Thirteen pediatric surgeons with experience in laparoscopic duodenal atresia repair assessed this model with a questionnaire on 5-point Likert-type scale. Overall, the simulated model of duodenal atresia obtained a general average score of 4.39. The highest observed average was for its physical realism, whereas the lowest score was in surgical experience. The global opinion of the model obtained a score of 4.40. In addition, all surgeons answered that this rabbit model showed the same complexity as newborns and young children in the repair of this type of defect. The inclusion of new models through rabbits in pediatric surgery programs will allow the development of advanced skills of pediatric residents and surgeons.
Associations of cytosine deaminase gene polymorphisms with effectiveness of gemcitabine/cisplatin chemotherapy in patients of Xinjiang Uyghur and Han nationality with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Jing , Xu Dan , Huang Jian , Wang Yan-Na , Ma Xiao-Ping , Lin Zhi-Yi , Gong Ping
Published: October 2019

Background:

Cytidine deaminase (CDA) polymorphisms may affect the response to gemcitabine/cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study is designed to investigate the associations of CDA-79A>C and 208G>A polymorphisms and gemcitabine/cisplatin chemotherapy effectiveness in Xinjiang Uyghur and Han patients.

Methods:

This prospective cohort study enrolled consecutive patients with stage IIIb/IV NSCLC administered gemcitabine/cisplatin chemotherapy at the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shihezi University and the First People’s Hospital, Kashgar Region. CDA-A79C and CDA-G208A polymorphisms were detected by direct sequencing. Progression-free survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Associations of A79C and G208A polymorphisms with treatment effectiveness and progression-free survival were analyzed using logistic regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Subgroup analyses based on ethnicity were performed.

Results:

The study enrolled 120 patients. A79C and G208A polymorphisms followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequencies of the AA, AC, and CC genotypes and the A and C alleles of A79C were 52.2%, 29.9%, 17.9%, 67.2%, and 32.8%, respectively, in Han patients and 75.4%, 18.9%, 5.7%, 84.9%, and 5.1%, respectively, in Uyghur patients. Uyghur patients had lower frequencies of A79C-AC/CC genotypes, A79C-C allele, G208A-GA genotype, and G208A-A allele ( P<0.05). Compared with A79C-AA, the odds of ineffective chemotherapy were increased for A79C-AC (odds ratio [OR] 2.818; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.031, 7.705; P=0.043) and A79C-CC (OR 9.864; 95% CI 1.232, 78.966; P=0.031). G208A polymorphisms did not influence chemotherapy effectiveness. Chemotherapy was more effective in Han patients than in Uyghur patients for A79C-AC and G208A-GG. Progression-free survival was longer for A79C-AA versus A79C-AC/CC (10 vs. 7 months, P=0.004) and G208A-GA/AA vs. G208A-AA (12 vs. 8 months, P=0.010). Polymorphisms of A79C (hazard ratio [HR] 1.617; 95% CI 1.009, 2.592; P=0.046) and G208A (HR 2.193; 95% CI 1.055, 4.557; P=0.035) were associated with progression-free survival.

Conclusion:

For Uyghur and Han ethnic groups, A79C and G208A polymorphisms can be used as a promising biomarker for the chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis of NSCLC.
Kinematic modeling and error analysis of Delta robot considering parallelism error
Authors: Li Yu , Shang Deyong , Liu Yue
Published: October 2019

Motion accuracy is an important indicator to evaluate the performance of robots. The driven arm of the Delta robot is composed of a pair of parallelogram mechanisms. Because of the errors in components processing and installation, the parallelogram-driven mechanism will tilt. In addition, the load will have greater inertia impact on the end-effector in high-speed working condition. Therefore, the parallelogram-driven mechanism and loading effect will cause the parallelism error of the moving platform and affect motion accuracy of the robot. Aiming at the error analysis and motion accuracy of the Delta robot, currently, most studies mainly consider the influence of dimension error, clearance error, and driving error. There are few research conducted on the kinematics and error analysis considering parallelism error of the mechanism. The purpose of this article is to study the influence of parallelism error on motion accuracy of the robot. Firstly, the space vector method in mathematics is used to calculate the forward solution of the robot, and the kinematic equations of each kinematic chain are established. Secondly, the article analyzes the influence of the non-parallelism of the driven mechanism on motion error of the robot. Taking the D3PM-1000 robot as an example, it is obtained from the simulation results that with the increase in the tilt angle of the moving platform, the motion error caused by parallelism error also increases and the variation value is obvious, especially in the z direction, meaning that the parallelism error has a great influence on the motion error of the mechanism. The article effectively complements the research field of error analysis and provides a theoretical reference for the error compensation of the robot.
The invisible dome and the unbuilt bridge: Contemporary fiction and the mythologies of Ottoman architecture
Authors: Prosser Jay
Published: October 2019

This essay investigates the representation of sixteenth-century architecture during the Ottoman Empire in Elif Shafak’s The Architect’s Apprentice (2014) and Mathias Enard’s Tell Them of Battles, Kings and Elephants (2018). Working with Walter Benjamin’s concept of architecture as testimony to mythology, the essay classifies the novels as architecture-ologies which demythologise empire at a moment of literal construction. The essay argues that, via the symbols of dome and bridge, the novels intervene in contemporary Ottoman nostalgia, both by treating architecture as memorialising transcultural exchange, and by reconstructing memories of transcultural violence founding the architecture and the Ottoman Empire. Building on the dialogue between literature and architecture, particularly Henry James’ ‘house of fiction’, the essay reveals how the novels’ ekphrases – their trans-mediation of dome and bridge into different forms of historical fiction – put into narrative perspective the imperial conquests and transcultural violence supporting the architecture of Sinan and Michelangelo.
Ottoman ghosts and legacies: A drift through the Dead Zone in Cyprus
Authors: Adil Alev
Published: October 2019

This creative piece explores traces and erasures of a Cypriot Ottoman heritage by transposing autoethnographic and psychogeographical practice to Europe’s southernmost capital, Nicosia. It walks the border zone in Nicosia, once the site of the river Pedios, later a major Ottoman commercial street, a boundary from 1958 to 1974, and since then, a Dead Zone and the internationally contested border between the Republic of Cyprus and the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Photography and writing are presented in conjunction with pages in Ottoman Turkish by my great-grandfather, the poet Imam Mustafa Nuri Effendi, who made a notebook from the English periodical The War Pictorial while incarcerated as an enemy alien in Kyrenia Castle by the British during World War I. I explore how these pages speak of my transcultural Ottoman, Turkish-Greek-Cypriot and English heritages and of changes in Cypriot culture in the century between his war and ours.
Making little neo-liberals: The production of ideal child/learner subjectivities in primary school through choice, self-improvement and ‘growth mindsets’
Authors: Bradbury Alice
Published: October 2019

This article aims to look at the intersection of policy and lived experience at the level of the individual child by dissecting how primary education policy in England demands and expects a particular learner subjectivity. The focus is on children in the first years of primary school, and how statutory assessments provide a model of the ‘ideal learner’ who is self-regulating and able to make choices which are self-improving. The article uses data collected through qualitative research projects conducted in the late 2000s and in 2017, involving interviews with teachers and school leaders and observation in classrooms, to consider how this model of the neo-liberal learner has evolved. Drawing on theoretical insights on the ‘neo-liberal subject’ and post-structural insights into subjectivity and acceptable/impossible learner identities, it is argued that despite some shifts towards valuing high attainment in ‘measurable’ subjects within a data-obsessed school system, there remains a broad conception of the ‘good learner’ in the early years, which includes attitudes to learning and self-regulation. This wider view is encouraged by the discourse of ‘growth mindset’ and the recent focus on character education, and has social justice implications.
Characterization of Sinus Disease in Patients with Yellow Nail Syndrome
Authors: Gutierrez Claudia N. , Low Christopher M. , Stokken Janalee K. , Choby Garret , O’Brien Erin K.
Published: October 2019

Objective

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is characterized by the triad of thickened yellow nails, primary lymphedema, and respiratory manifestations including bronchiectasis, chronic cough, pleural effusions, and sinusitis. The purpose of this study is to describe the manifestations of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in patients with YNS and the comorbid manifestations.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients with YNS with CRS from January 1, 1998 to January 1, 2018 was conducted. Their symptoms, comorbidities, and labs were reviewed. The patient’s sinus computed tomography (CT) scans were then scored using the Lund–Mackay (LM) scoring system.

Result

Thirty-six patients met the inclusion criteria. The average LM score was 10.2 ± 0.5 (mean ± SD). Sinus involvement included “frothy” dependent sinus secretions in 32 of 36 subjects. The most common location of sinus involvement was the maxillary sinuses (85%), then posterior ethmoid (81%), anterior ethmoid (76%), sphenoid (74%), and frontal sinuses (54%). Comorbid chronic cough (86%), bronchiectasis (65%), lymphedema (39%), and pleural effusion (19%) were also identified. Three patients (8%) had immunodeficiencies.

Conclusion

This is the largest series describing the sinus manifestations of CRS in patients with YNS. Sinus CT scans showed frothy dependent secretions in the maxillary sinuses and posterior ethmoid sinuses most commonly. YNS patients with sinusitis more commonly presented with chronic cough or bronchiectasis than with pleural effusions or lymphedema. Otolaryngologists should consider the possibility of YNS in patients with CRS, chronic cough, yellow or thickened nail, and CT findings of frothy, dependent sinus secretions.
Subjective Financial Well-Being During Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Student Debt
Authors: Cherney Katrina , Rothwell David , Serido Joyce , Shim Soyeon
Published: October 2019

In this study, we examined (1) the effect of changes in outstanding student debt on trajectories of subjective financial well-being (SFWB) over time and (2) how these trajectories vary according to family socioeconomic and emerging adult financial factors. We used three waves of longitudinal data from the Arizona Pathways to Life Success for University Students (APLUS) study and used growth curve models to analyze the data. Net of family socioeconomic and emerging adult financial factors, student debt was significantly and negatively associated with SFWB across the emerging adult period. Trajectories of SFWB varied slightly in relation to changes in student debt. Between-person differences in debt mattered more for trajectories of SFWB relative to within-person changes in debt over time. Family socioeconomic factors had a strong influence on SFWB trajectories. Findings illustrate how student debt may suppress postsecondary education’s impact as an inequality reducing mechanism. They also suggest the need for both individual- and policy-level intervention.
Mitochondria on the move: BMSCs fuel AML energy
Authors: Lapalombella Rosa
Published: October 2019

In this issue of Blood, Marlein et al1 identify a tumor-specific NOX2-dependent transfer of mitochondria from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells via AML-derived tunneling nanotubes (see figure), supporting inhibition of NOX2 as a novel therapeutic strategy in AML.
Retargeting of natural killer–cell cytolytic activity to ErbB2-expressing cancer cells results in efficient and selective tumor cell destruction
Authors: Uherek Christoph , Tonn Torsten , Uherek Barbara , Becker Sven , Schnierle Barbara , Klingemann Hans-Georg , Wels Winfried
Published: October 2019

The continuously growing natural killer (NK) cell line NK-92 is highly cytotoxic against malignant cells of various origins without affecting normal human cells. Based on this selectivity, the potential of NK-92 cells for adoptive therapy is currently being investigated in phase I clinical studies. To further enhance the antitumoral activity of NK-92 cells and expand the range of tumor entities suitable for NK-92–based therapies, here by transduction with a retroviral vector we have generated genetically modified NK-92 cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor specific for the tumor-associated ErbB2 (HER2/neu) antigen, which is overexpressed by many tumors of epithelial origin. The chimeric antigen receptor consists of the ErbB2-specific scFv(FRP5) antibody fragment, a flexible hinge region derived from CD8, and transmembrane and intracellular regions of the CD3 ζ chain. Transduced NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-ζ cells express high levels of the fusion protein on the cell surface as determined by fluorescence-activated cell-scanning (FACS) analysis. In europium release assays, no difference in cytotoxic activity of NK-92 and NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-ζ cells toward ErbB2-negative targets was found. However, even at low effector-to-target ratios, NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-ζ cells specifically and efficiently lysed established and primary ErbB2-expressing tumor cells that were completely resistant to cytolytic activity of parental NK-92 cells. These results demonstrate that efficient retargeting of NK-92 cytotoxicity can be achieved and might allow the generation of potent cell-based therapeutics for the treatment of ErbB2-expressing malignancies.
Genetic analysis of autoantibodies in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura reveals evidence of clonal expansion and somatic mutation
Authors: Roark Jessica H. , Bussel James B. , Cines Douglas B. , Siegel Don L.
Published: October 2019

Although idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common autoimmune hematologic disorder, little is known about the associated autoantibodies on a molecular level. Consequently, diagnostic assays and therapy for ITP lack specificity. To avoid technical limitations imposed by B-cell immortalization methods, we used repertoire cloning (Fab/phage display) to clone platelet autoantibodies and examine the relation between immunoglobulin (Ig) gene usage, clonality, and antigen specificity. Phage display libraries were constructed from splenocytes from 2 patients with chronic ITP, and competitive cell-surface selection was used to isolate several dozen unique IgG platelet-specific autoantibodies. Platelet-reactive Fabs in both patients were associated almost exclusively with rearrangements of a single Ig heavy-chain variable-region gene (VH3-30), despite an apparent diversity of antigen specificities. Comparative analysis of platelet-reactive Fab Ig gene rearrangements from each patient suggested that they evolved from a restricted number of B-cell clones through somatic mutation with high replacement-to-silent mutation ratios. Although VH3-30–encoded heavy chains were found with light chains encoded by several different Ig genes, molecular repairing experiments showed exquisite restriction on the specific heavy- and light-chain pairings that permitted platelet reactivity. Together, these data suggest that the development of platelet-reactive antibodies associated with ITP is driven by an encounter with diverse platelet antigens through the clonal expansion of B cells using genetically restricted and highly specific combinations of heavy- and light-chain gene products. The extraordinarily high usage of the VH3-30 heavy-chain gene in these patients has implications for the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of chronic ITP.
Clonal relation in a case of CLL, ALCL, and Hodgkin composite lymphoma
Authors: van den Berg Anke , Maggio Ewerton , Rust Renata , Kooistra Klaas , Diepstra Arjan , Poppema Sibrand
Published: October 2019

Large cell lymphomas and Hodgkin disease may develop during the course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In some cases the transformed cells are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–positive and not clonally related to the CLL cells. In other cases the transformed cells have the same clonal rearrangements as the CLL cells. Here we describe a composite lymphoma in a patient with CLL that exhibits a combination of CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma, large cell lymphoma with anaplastic morphology, and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Although the large cell lymphoma cells are CD45R0 and TIA-1–positive, suggesting a T- or 0-cell anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), the genetic analysis demonstrates immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangements for both alleles, carrying the same somatic mutations as observed in the CLL component. The Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells in the Hodgkin component also strongly express TIA-1 but differ from the anaplastic large cells by the expression of CD15 and TARC and the presence of a prominent lymphocytic infiltrate. The ALCL and HL components both are EBV negative. Analysis of the IgH gene rearrangements in micromanipulated R-S cells revealed identical Ig gene rearrangements carrying the same somatic mutations as the CLL and the large cell components. The findings indicate transformation of the CLL cells into a large cell lymphoma with anaplastic morphology and a Hodgkin component.