bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Carotid Intimal Thickness in Type 2 Diabetic Individuals by Colour Doppler Ultrasonography in a Teaching Hospital in Hyderabad, Telanaga, India
Authors: Reddy B. Suresh , Reddy Bobba Kavitha
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic condition in our country and is an established modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and ischemic stroke. Carotid Doppler ultrasonography is a popular tool for evaluating atherosclerosis of the carotid artery. Its two-dimensional grayscale can be used for measuring the intima-media thickness, which is a very good biomarker for atherosclerosis and can aid in plaque characterisation. We intend to evaluate carotid intimal thickness by colour Doppler ultrasonography in type 2 diabetic individuals in a teaching hospital. METHODS A prospective study was done among 70 cases of diabetes mellitus in whom ultrasonography (USG) was done in the Department of General Medicine, Maheshwara Medical College, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana. RESULTS In the present study, study participants were in the age group of 20 - 70 years. Majority of the cases was in the 41 - 50 years age group with a slight male predominance and the male to female ratio was 1.8:1. In this study, intimal medial thickness (IMT) change of 0.07 mm was observed. Within the observation period of eight months, the IMT of diabetic patients increased by an average of 0.06 mm. CONCLUSIONS Colour Doppler ultrasonography of carotid is an important imaging modality for early detection of carotid artery stenosis in diabetic patients who are at risk for developing carotid atherosclerosis. It should be a routine practice to screen diabetic patients for carotid atherosclerosis. KEYWORDS Colour Doppler USG, Intima-Media Thickness, Type 2 Diabetes, Atherosclerosis
Motivasi Mahasiswi Bercadar dan Responnya terhadap Stereotip Negatif Pengguna Cadar
Authors: Rusuli Izzatur
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the motivation for Muslim women to veil and their responses to negative stereotypes directed at veil users. This research is qualitative research with a case study approach. Semi-structured interviews were given to fourteen participants as a data collection technique. The data analysis in this study used three stages; data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that mostly the veiled motivation is intrinsic motivation which is a form of religious expression from the participants and also as an effort to guard against the opposite sex. While their response to negative stereotypes is indifference and positive thinking.
Biologija celice: Navodila za laboratorijske vaje
Authors: Dariš Barbara , Lipovšek Saška
Published: March 2021

Navodila za vaje so razdeljena na 13 poglavij in obravnavajo vse teme s področja biologije celice za študente medicine.
„Sprawy miejskie”. Dyskurs miejski w Królestwie Polskim 1905–1915. Wybór tekstów
Authors: Śmiechowski Kamil
Published: March 2021

Tom stanowi wybór tekstów źródłowych z przełomu XIX i XX wieku dotyczących problematyki miejskiej w Królestwie Polskim. Był to niezwykle dynamiczny okres w historii ziem polskich. Ujawniały się nowe zjawiska takie jak urbanizacja i powiązana z nią modernizacja społeczeństwa, umasowienie polityki, unowocześnienie środków przekazu. Rewolucja 1905 roku stanowiła asumpt do projektowania licznych reform, spośród których do rangi istotnego problemu urosła kwestia samorządu miejskiego. Wskazywano, że system zarządu miast w Królestwie Polskim jest anachroniczny, zaś zastąpienie rządowych urzędników i mianowanych radnych wybieranymi z urzędu prezydentami i rajcami znacząco usprawniłoby funkcjonowanie miast i pozwoliło na nadrabianie dystansu cywilizacyjnego dzielącego je od Europy. Podkreślano, że Warszawa była „miastem analfabetów” zaś Łódź „umorusanym kopciuszkiem”. Prasa piętnowała afery i niedociągnięcia magistratów. Jednocześnie liczni publicyści, tacy jak A. Suligowski, W. Dobrzyński czy S. Koszutski zastanawiali się nad przyszłością miast polskich i wyszukiwali dla nich najlepszych punktów odniesienia czy to w samorządnych ośrodkach miejskich Europy, czy to w utopijnych wizjach miast-ogrodów. Dyskusje te były tłem dla narastających konfliktów społecznych i etnicznych, nasilającego się antysemityzmu polskiej prawicy i coraz oczywistszego przekonania, że władze rosyjskie nie były skłonne do jakichkolwiek gestów pod adresem Królestwa i jego społeczeństwa, zaś proponowane przez nie rozwiązania, na czele z kuriami narodowościowymi, służyły tylko pogłębianiu istniejących konfliktów. Osiemnaście tekstów z epoki zebrano w 5 rozdziałach tematycznych, zachowując ich oryginalną stylistykę i przypisy.
Mothering Twins During the First Year of Life: A Metaphor Analysis
Authors: Beck Cheryl Tatano
Published: March 2021

This secondary qualitative analysis identified metaphorical expressions mothers of twins used to describe their first year caring for their infants. Data from the primary grounded theory study were reanalyzed using metaphor identification procedure and revealed eight metaphors: blur, life on hold, being an orchestrator, being a juggler, being an equalizer, being a quick-change artist, being a milk factory, and open invitation. These metaphors give clinicians an insider's view of the struggle's mothers of twins experience during the first year after birth. Being attentive to the metaphors mothers used can provide a unique approach to helping them. Lactation consultants are key to providing much needed support for mothers who are breastfeeding twins.
Psychometric Testing of the Arabic Version of the Reminiscence Functions Scale
Authors: Khait Abdallah Abu , Menger Austin , Shellman Juliette
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose: The Reminiscence Functions Scale (RFS), a reliable and valid 43-item scale, measures eight specific reasons as to why people reminisce. The current literature lacks an Arabic version of empirically-validated tools that measure reminiscence functions. This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the translated version of the RFS in a sample of Arabic speakers from Jordan. Methods: The scale was first translated into Arabic and then was translated back into English. A committee of experts reviewed the Arabic scale and then confirmed its content validity. A convenience, snowball sample of 422 subjects completed the Arabic RFS. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the internal consistency method were used to evaluate the factorial structure and reliability of the Arab RFS, respectively. Results: The Arabic RFS reported excellent content validity. EFA yielded a six-factor, 39-item structure that accounted for 52% of the variance. Cronbach’s alphas for the six factors ranged from 0.82 to 0.91, indicating good to excellent internal consistency. Conclusions: The Arabic RFS is a valid and reliable measure of reminiscence functions for Jordanian adults.
Sexual and Gender Minority Communication Skills (SGM Comskil) Training for Oncology Clinicians: Development, Implementation, and Preliminary Efficacy
Authors: Banerjee Smita C. , Staley Jessica M. , Alexander Koshy , Parker Patricia A. , Havil Kelly S. , Moreno Aimee , Walters Chasity B.
Published: March 2021

Enhancing communicative competence of healthcare providers (HCPs) is a critical initiative for improving the healthcare experience of sexual and gender minority (SGM) cancer patients. This study presents the development, implementation, and preliminary efficacy of a new training curriculum for improving oncology HCPs’ skills in providing a safe and welcoming environment for SGM cancer patients (SGM Comskil training). Thirty-three (N= 33) oncology HCPs including nurses, nurse leaders, and nurse practitioners participated in a 4.25-hour SGM Comskil Training between July and August 2019. Overall, participants reported highly favorable evaluations of the training, with more than 80% of the participants reacting positively to 12 of the 15 evaluation items assessing engagement and reflectiveness for experiential role-plays with lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB) and transgender standardized patients (SPs), respectively. Participants also demonstrated significant improvements in SGM healthcare knowledge, self-efficacy, beliefs toward LGB and transgender persons, and SGM-sensitive language use skills following the training. Encouraged by the feasibility of conducting this experiential training with busy cancer care HCPs and the initial favorable participant evaluation of the SGM Comskil training, results clearly indicate that this training can be rolled out into clinical settings to ensure its translational potential. The next steps should assess observable changes in communication skills and SGM-sensitive language skills with SGM patients and improvements in SGM patients’ healthcare experience.
MOTILITY AND VIABILITYOF CEMANI ROOSTER SPERMATOZOA IN EGG YOLK LACTATE RINGER DILUENT AT 4°C STORAGE
Authors: Pandia Yoga Mahendra , Bebas Wayan , Pemayun Tjok Gde Oka
Published: March 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama penyimpanan semen ayam cemani terhadap moltilitas dan daya hidup spermatozoa pada pengencer ringer laktat kuning telur yang disimpan pada suhu 4°C. Penelitian ini menggunakanRancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tujuhkelompok perlakuan lama penyimpanan, yaituT0 = penyimpanan selama 0 jam, T1= penyimpanan selama 12 jam, T2 = penyimpanan selama 24 jam, T3 = penyimpanan selama 36 jam, T4 = penyimpanan selama 48 jam, T5 = penyimpanan selama 60 jam, T6 = penyimpanan selama 72 jam. Variabel yang diamatiberupamotilitas progresif (%)dan daya hidup spermatozoa (%). Motilitas diamati secara subyektif di bawah mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 400kali,sedangkan daya hidup diamati dengan pengecatan eosin-nigrosin. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak empatkali.Data yang diperoleh dianalisisdengan uji sidik ragamdan apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama penyimpanan berpengaruh nyataterhadap motilitas dan daya hidup sperma.Setelah 70 jam penyimpanandidapatkan motilitas spermatozoa 42,00±0,8% dandaya hidup 44,00±0,82%.Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bawa lama penyimpanan semen ayam cemani menggunakan pengencer ringer laktat kuning telur pada suhu 4º C masih layak digunakan selama 60 jam penyimpanan dengan motilitas 46,00±0,81% dandaya hidup 50,75±0,96%.
VIABILITY AND MOTILITY OF CEMANI ROOSTER SPERMATOZOA IN EGG YOLKS AND GREEN COCONUT WATER DILUENT AT ROOM TEMPERATURESTORAGED
Authors: Heros Made Novi Lerianti , Bebas Wayan , Trilaksana I Gusti Ngurah Bagus
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motilitas dan daya hidup spermatozoa ayam cemani pada pengencer kuning telur dan air kelapa hijau yang disimpan pada suhu ruang.Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan AcakLengkap (RAL) dengan tujuh perlakuan, lama waktu penyimpanan sebagai perlakuan masing masing: T0= 0 menit penyimpanan; T1= 30 menit penyimpanan;T2= 60 menit penyimpanan; T3= 90 menitpenyimpanan;T4=120 menit penyimpanan; T5= 150 menit penyimpanan;T6= 180 menit penyimpanan. Masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak empatkali.Parameter yang diamati adalah motilitas(%) dan daya hidup spermatozoa (%). Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan sidik ragam, apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antar perlakuan,dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama waktu penyimpanan berpengaruh nyata terhadap motilitas dan daya hidup spermatozoa. Rerata motilitas spermatozoa yang didapatyaitu: T0 = 82,50%; T1=75,00%;T2= 66,50%;T3= 53,50%;T4= 45,00%;T5= 35,50%;dan T6= 19,75%.Rerata daya hidup spermatozoa yangdidapatyaituT0=86,00%, T1= 79,00%, T2= 66,25%, T3= 59,50%, T4= 46,25%T5= 37,50%, dan T6= 30,50%.Semen ayam cemani yang disimpan pada suhu ruangdengan menggunakan pengencer kuning telur dan air kelapa hijau layak digunakan untuk IB sampai 120 menit lama penyimpanan(motilitas 45% dan daya hidup46,2%).
PREVALENCE OF STRONGYL TYPE NEMATODA INFECTION IN BALI CATTLE IN WET AND DROUGHT LOW LAND OF BALI PROVINCE
Authors: Dina Putu Ayu , Apsari Ida Ayu Pasti , Dwinata I Made
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk menentukanprevalensi infeksi cacing nematoda tipe strongylpada sapi bali di dataran rendah basah dan kering di Provinsi Bali. Sampel yang diperiksa adalah feses sapi bali sebanyak 288 sampel yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu dataran rendah basah (163) dan dataran rendah kering (125).Pengambilan sampel sapi bali dilakukan secara purposivesamplingdi wilayah dataran rendah Bali. Pemeriksaan sampel dilakukan dengan metode apung dengan menambahkan larutan gula sheater.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi infeksi nematoda tipe strongylpada sapi bali yang berasal dari wilayah dataran rendah basah sebesar 55,8% dan wilayah dataran rendah kering sebesar 39,2%. Faktor risiko kondisi wilayah berhubungan terhadap prevalensi infeksi nematoda tipe strongylpadasapi bali, sedangkan faktor jenis kelamin dan umur tidak.
AVIAN INFLUENZA ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN PIGLETS THATAREGIVEN ESCHERICHIA COLI–AVIAN INFLUENZA VACCINES
Authors: Bhaskara Audrey Febiannya Putri , Mahardika I Gusti Ngurah Kade , Suartha I Nyoman
Published: March 2021

Babi berperan penting dalam ekologi virus influenza, karena babi dapat berperan sebagai wahana untuk reasorsi virus influenza dari unggas dan mamalia. Vaksinasi dengan antigen influenza universal, yaitu nukleoprotein, dapat menurunkan peluang babi dalam memunculkan virus influenza baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengentahui respons antibodi dari vaksinasi dengan nukleoprotein rekombinan - Escherichia coli. Sebanyak 12 anak babi landrace dari tiga induk yang berbeda dipilih secara acak. Enam ekor divaksinasi dengan vaksin nucleoprotein-E. coli pada umur tujuh hari dan diulang pada umur 21 hari. Enam ekor tidak divaksinasi. Serum diambil pada umur 35 hari. Nilai optical density (OD) antibodi terhadap nukleoprotein diuji dengan teknik Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) dengan menggunakan Kit ELISA komersial, Avian Influenza Virus Antibody Test Kit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai Optical Density rata-rata babi yang divaksinasi (0,367) secara statistika nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak divaksinasi (0,054). Vaksin rekombinan nucleoprotein-E. coli yang dicobakan mampu meningkatan antibodi terhadap virus avian influenza pada anak babi.
MOTILITY AND VIABILITY SPERMATOZOA OF CEMANI ROOSTERIN PHOSPHATE SKIM MILK EXTENDER STORED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
Authors: Aerawata I Wayan Gede , Bebas Wayan , Pemayun Tjok Gde Oka
Published: March 2021

Ayam cemani merupakan unggas asliIndonesia yang berasal dariwilayah Kedu, Temanggung, Jawa Tengah. Ayam cemani mempunyai populasi dan produksi yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyimpanan semen terhadap motilitas dan daya hidup spermatozoa ayam cemani dengan pengencer susu skim fosfat yang disimpan pada suhuruang atau 29°C. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tujuh perlakuandanlama waktu penyimpanan spermatozoa sebagai berikut: T0 = penyimpanan selama 0 menit; T1= penyimpanan selama 30 menit; T2=penyimpanan selama 60 menit; T3= penyimpanan selama 90 menit; T4= penyimpanan selama 120 menit; T5= penyimpanan selama 150 menit; T6= penyimpanan selama 180 menit. Masing-masing kelompok perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak empat kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah motilitasprogresif(%) dan daya hidup spermatozoa (%) selama 180 menit.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyimpanan semen ayam cemani dengan menggunakan pengencer susu skim fosfat mampu mempertahankan kualitas spermatozoadengan waktu penyimpanan hingga150 menit dengan motilitas progresif mencapai 41,75±1,70% dan daya hidup 47,5±1,29%.Simpulan dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwapenyimpanan semen ayam cemani menggunakan pengencer susu skim fosfat pada suhu 29°C layak digunakan untuk IB hingga 150 menit waktu penyimpanan.
VITGENŠTAJNOVA FILOZOFIJA JEZIKA KAO TERAPEUTSKA „FARMAKOLOGIJA DETOKSIKACIJE“
Authors: VUKADINOVIĆ MILAN
Published: March 2021

U osvit stogodišnjice Vitgenštajnovog proslavljenog literarno-filozofskog debija, svet ponovo izgleda dubinski zaokupiran medicinskim problemima od planetarnog značaja: terapeutska uloga Tractatus-a (sugerisana i „novovitgenštajnovskim“ interpretacijama) bila je ipak pretežno usmerena ka pročišćavanju ljudskog jezika kroz „ascendenciju“ od logičkog do mističkog sagledavanja iskustva − dok je njena funkcija u naknadnim spisima prenesena na ekstenzivniji proces „detoksikacije“ samog ljudskog života, upravo od nataloženih teorijskih „nus-efekata“ okcidentalnog „pharmakon-a“ u obličju filozofije. Nakon temeljnijeg izlaganja centralnih pojmova, kako iz „rane“, tako i „pozne“ faze Vitgenštajnove (anti-)filozofije, fokus će biti pomeren ka potencijalnom tumačenju koje bi moglo komplementirati vitgenštajnovsku „farmakologiju detoksikacije“ s pozitivnijom vizijom teorije − a koja bi naspram pouzdanja u „samo-regulišuću“ moć neprozirnih „formi života“ isticala „samo-transcendirajući“ kapacitet refleksivnog jezika, upravo kao egzemplarnog modusa ospoljavanja ljudske životne dinamike u punom obimu njene kompleksnosti i kreativnosti.
UNDER AN UNSTARRY SKY: KANTIAN ETHICS AND RADICAL EVIL
Authors: METTINI EMILIANO
Published: March 2021

Kantian ethics and concept concerning “radical evil” represent one of the most interesting facets of moral reflection of German philosopher. Using anthropological and philosophical approach based on well-known critical method, I. Kant tried to find a comprise between “natural” behavior (i.e. not regulated by synthetic a priori judgments) but based only on sensation of pleasant unpleasant and “rational” behavior when humans tried to exit the realm of appearance and personal egoism for entering a new ethical dimension based on right (not pathological, if using I. Kant’s word) maxims being able to make human beings better than they are. In the paper it is underscored that main goal of Kantian ethics is the creation of a community where religion is a fact of reason and not of faith and reason, having as main actors men reaching an high level of self-consciousness and virtue that I. Kant granted as the greatest happiness one can have. The author tried to highlight the passage from “human being” as individuum (representative of a species) to ethically autonomous member of social consortium using as sources different Kantian works where this problem has been studied deeply and gave great emphasis to story of Job, representing in the best way the passage the Author wrote of. At the same time, he set for himself the goal of exploring progressive character of Kantian ethics aimed at making human beings better than they are, but not the best, considering noumenic nature of ethics hidden in the “Realm of goals”. Given such assumptions, the Author leads a debate with scholars distorting Kantian ethical thought by interpretation from Lacanian standpoints so that those scholars made I. Kant original source of totalitarianisms, where, in scholars’ opinion, humans do their duty both for saving their lives and express their sadistic tendencies and makes clear that Kantian ethics, throughout contradictory and complicated, is oriented to correction and education of human behavior for saving humans being from their own passions.
SEMANTIČKA TEORIJA ISTINE ALFREDA TARSKOG
Authors: POPOVIĆ UNA
Published: March 2021

U ovom radu predstavićemo semantičku teoriju istine Alfreda Tarskog, kao odgovor na pitanje odnosa formalno-sintaksičkog karaktera savremene logike i mogućnosti njene primene na prirodne jezike, odnosno kao odgovor na problem logičkog karaktera prirodnih jezika. Semantičku teoriju istine Tarskog razmotrićemo na pozadini preosmišljavanja smisla i uloge pojma istine u okvirima razvoja savremene logike, što u drugoj fazi tog razvoja vodi sve većem primatu pojma dokazivosti, na uštrb pojma istine. Sa druge strane, analizom stavova Tarskog pokazaćemo i da je semantička teorija istine bila izgrađena u dosluhu sa problemima paradoksa koji su obeležili razvoj savremene logike.
THE HISTORICAL ROLE OF SPAIN IN THE THOUGHT OF CARL SCHMITT
Authors: MARIA GNERRE ORAZIO
Published: March 2021

Carl Schmitt's personal history was notoriously closely linked to Spain, a nation with which he also shared religious faith and therefore partly a culture of origin. But Schmitt's thought was linked to Spain for many other reasons, which made this country, for the German thinker, a very particular point of view on the destiny of the world. From the political predictions of Donoso Cortés, to the decline of Eurocentrism, to the elemental struggle between land and sea, to guerrilla warfare, the role of this Western European country remained pre-eminent for Schmitt in the history of civilization.
FACETS OF INTENSIONALITY
Authors: MAKSIMOVIĆ KATARINA
Published: March 2021

The goal of this paper is to introduce the reader to the distinction between intensional and extensional as a distinction between different approaches to meaning. We will argue that despite the common belief, intensional aspects of mathematical notions can be, and in fact have been successfully described in mathematics. One that is for us particularly interesting is the notion of deduction as depicted in general proof theory. Our considerations result in defending a) the importance of a rule-based semantical approach and b) the position according to which non-reductive and somewhat circular explanations play an essential role in describing intensionality in mathematics.
LOGIČKI PRINCIP SLOBODE HEGELOVO ZASNIVANJE LOGIKE
Authors: ĐIKANOVIĆ MINA
Published: March 2021

U radu se istražuje Hegelovo zasnivanje logike kao ontologike. Prikazujući ključne stanice samorazvoja duha u logici, Hegel u isto vreme trasira put kojim će duh prolaziti u svakoj od vlastitih manifestacija. Otuda je odnos između nužnosti i slobode u logici konstitutivan za odnos između nužnosti i slobode – apstraktnog i konkretnog, bitka i trebanja – u čitavom filozofskom sistemu.
Maladministration in the Public Service: Should Government Officials be Responsible for their Decisions?
Authors: Irmajayanti Maulida Zulia , Sudaryanto Totok , Antikowati Antikowati
Published: March 2021

The concept of the welfare state upholds the existence of the legal system under the premise of legal certainty and the protection of basic human rights. Paragraph IV of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia emphasizes the existence of “state obligations” and “the government duty” to protect and serve all public interest. The normative basis of the Constitution was translated as the national principle to embody the public services. The Public Service Law Number 25 of 2009 is a formulation of legal certainty. However, the main problem that occurs in the public services is maladministration in bureaucracy. It is important to build interpretations of the authority attached to the bureaucratic system or on subjects who become government officials. By analyzing the Constitution, this article states that the government official dimensions must be considered as an interrelated issue, so that the articulate practice must be seen as inherent social conditions.

Keywords: Responsibility, Government Officials, Maladministration.
Buying Voters: Money and Political Transaction in Legislative Elections.
Authors: Fardian M. Iqbal
Published: March 2021

Political transaction has become a common phenomenon that accompanies elections. It does not only occur in countries with well-established democratic systems, but also in developing nations. Academic engagement with the concept of democracy increasingly explores its links to the chaotic commodification of electors' votes. Political transactions can trigger several problems, such as political structures, citizenship awareness, or cultural relations issues that form a democratic structure of the country. Political transactions are processes of negotiation that take place between elites. This paper explores the contestation of social positions to gain electors' votes in the context of the legislative election conducted in Banyuwangi. The strategies used by legislative candidates to obtain votes through transactional relationships demonstrates the various actors involved in general elections. First, the researcher argues that democratization has transformed the sacred position of the elites, especially the religious elite. Second, the complexity of relations between elites presents the position of a broker, which emphasizes the character of democracy in Indonesia, which is marked by issues of clientelism. Thus, it is essential to observe Indonesia's political praxis from the institutional practice point of view and its social problems that distort democratic values.

Keywords: Clientelism, Transaction Cost Politic, Money Politics
Right Wing Populist Civic Movements: Western Experience and the Situation in Russia
Authors: Mitrofanova A. , Mikhailenok O.
Published: March 2021

The article aims at identifying the characteristics shared by the right-wing populist civil movements of Western Europe and the USA and evaluating the possibility to use them for researching right-wing nationalist organizations in Russia. The movements selected for the comparison range from party-like electoral actors to unorganized protesters. They include as follows: The Five-star Movement (Italy), PEGIDA and the like (Germany), the English Defence League (the UK), the Tea Party Movement (the US). The authors identified several interrelated characteristics shared by these movements: (1) dealing with local, usually social, issues, (2) network-like structure of autonomous local groups building the agenda from below, (3) ideological ambivalence leading to replacing ideology with subculture, (4) digitalization of activism. Although in Russia there are no civic movements structurally or functionally identical to Western right-wing populists, the authors demonstrate that local social issues and civic responsibility have become important topics for some Russian nationalists (right-wing radicals) since the mid 2000s. The trends of deideologization and dealing with non-political local issues are researched mainly on the example of the “Frontier of the North” (Komi Republic). The authors conclude that some of the radical Russian nationalists are gradually declining their own independent agenda, following local protests instead. This opens up the possibility for right-wing organizations to become local civil society institutions and to participate successfully in local elections, similar to the “electoral break-through” of right-wing populists in the West. Although it is too early to speak about the deideologization of Russian nationalism, the article suggests that some nationalists are ready to mitigate ideological tensions to secure expanded social support. At the moment, nationalist organizations in Russia remain frozen between right-wing radicalism and emulating Western right-wing populism.
Belt and Road Initiative: Interim Results and Challenges During Pandemic
Authors: Pyzhikov N. , Gushchin E.
Published: March 2021

The article analyses the current status of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), its key achievements and challenges, including those related to the COVID 19 pandemic. In the 2010s China has become one of world’s largest investors and BRI is one of the most important tools of Chinese investment policy. Due to its flexible structure, BRI has been able to adjust and develop in the context of the U.S. – China trade war and the growing anti-Chinese sentiment in the world that included the concerns over so called China’s debt diplomacy. But this lack of rigidity is also a challenge to those who study BRI because there is no official list of projects (estimations vary between 118 and 374) and countries participating in BRI (up to 138). China’s key BRI partner is Pakistan. The total value of projects implemented by China in Pakistan as part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor was initially estimated at $46 billion but now exceeds $70 billion (new projects were signed even during the pandemic). BRI is increasing the number of its participants. In March 2019 Italy became the first G7 country to sign a BRI MoU with China. While implementing BRI China has faced such challenges as rising concerns of “China’s debt trap”, as well as ecological and political issues. In 2020 BRI is facing a new challenge with the COVID-19 pandemic. Some BRI projects were postponed because of the pandemic, but in some cases they were unaffected. There are 64 out of 138 countries participating in BRI that come from low and lower-middle income groups according to the World Bank classification. Their average ratio of foreign debt to GDP was 54% in 2018–2019. It is most likely that these countries will be hit hard by the coronacrisis. Thus the pandemic will encourage China to tighten the selection process for BRI projects with a focus on the most strategically important and cost effective ones. From the point of view of China’s BRI partners, the effect can be two-fold: the most unstable economies will increase their dependence on China, while with the economically strong countries China will be more willing to make concessions and offer more favorable conditions for cooperation.
Prospects and Challenges to International Economic and Power Production Cooperation after the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dynkin A. , Telegina E. , Khalova G.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the trends that hinder the development of international energy and economic cooperation in 2018–2020. These trends have been particularly exacerbated by the COVID‑19 pandemic and the resulting global economic and energy crisis. Falling demand for oil has affected the decline in world commodity prices. Competition between oil exporters has intensified amid falling demand. As a result, international energy cooperation mechanisms in the energy sector have come under serious pressure. The dynamics of relations between the world’s largest economic centers: China, the United States, the European Union, and the Eurasian space have become another aspect of the aggravation of imbalances and confrontational trends in the global economy. The strengthening of trade contradictions between the United States and China in 2018–2019 negatively affected global economic growth and the dynamics of major manufacturing indices. In turn, the events of 2020 clearly confirmed that the contradictions between China and the United States are of a deep structural nature. These contradictions exacerbate the polarization of the global economic system and cannot be overcome by concessions and agreements exclusively in the field of investment and trade. Against this background, the real effectiveness of measures taken in the EU to deal with the economic consequences of both the pandemic and Brexit is questionable, and can only be reliably assessed after a sufficiently long time. The authors show that in contrast to the situation in the EU, the EAEU has tendencies to further strengthen economic, political and energy cooperation. Despite the COVID‑19 pandemic, the global economic crisis and external challenges, the Eurasian Economic Union not only stands up to them, but also continues to actively work to unite the Union’s countries, as well as improve their energy and economic security. The authors offer their vision of further development of international economic and energy cooperation in the post-pandemic period, taking into account the positive trends in the development of the Eurasian space.
Ferromagnetic Hysteresis by Heisenberg Partition Function and Its Processing Methods in Nanoparticle Magnetization Modeling
Authors: Chychkalo Nana , Leble Sergey
Published: March 2021

The Heisenberg {\it ab initio} theory of magnetization is developed to apply for multilayer nanoparticles. The theory is based on distribution and partition functions modification with account the difference between exchange integral and closest neighbour numbers, that change the system of resulting transcendental equation for magnetization and its reversal to form either a paramagnetic type curve or hysteresis loops patterns. The equations are obtained within the Heisenberg partition function construction by Heitler diagonalization of energy matrix via irreducible representations of permutation symmetry group. A combination with the Gauss distribution gives the explicit expression for the partition function in the asymptotic limit] at large spin range in terms of transcendent function. The exchange integral, as a parameter of the equation of state (material equation) is evaluated from Curie temperature value by means of a formula derived within the presented theory. Methods of data processing from the simultaneous solution of the material equation system are proposed. The multi-valued function of hysteresis loop is found by combination of graphical approach and special procedure for elimination of mistaken peaks and prolapses of the patterns. The theory and computation methods are applied to spherical particles with separate surface layers consideration. The contribution of the surface layers, that are specified by number of closest neighbors and exchange integrals into overall magnetization, is studied for two-layer and three-layer models, that are discussed and compared graphically.
Peningkatan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Melalui Konseling Apoteker pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Halmahera Kota Semarang
Authors: Fatiha Chilmia Nurul , Sabiti Farroh Bintang
Published: March 2021

Ketidakpatuhan obat merupakan salah satu permasalahan dalam pengobatan Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Kepatuhan minum obat pasien DM berperan penting dalam menjaga kadar gula darah dalam rentang normal dan mencegah komplikasi. Peran apoteker diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perilaku pengobatan sehingga tingkat kepatuhan dikatakan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konseling pada kepatuhan obat dan kadar gula darah pada pasien DM tipe 2 di Puskesmas Halmahera Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre-eksperimental dengan rancangan The One Group Pretest-Posttest. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada periode April-Mei 2019 di Puskesmas Halmahera Semarang dan di rumah pasien. Kepatuhan obat diukur menggunakan instrument Morisky, Green, and Levine Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MGL MAQ) dan pill count. Kepatuhan berdasarkan MGL MAQ dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon, dan didapatkan p-value 0,000 sehingga dapat dikatakan kepatuhan minum obat sebelum dan sesudah konseling apoteker berbeda signifikan. Kepatuhan obat menggunakan pill count didapatkan hasil patuh 62,80% dan tidak patuh 37,14%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa konseling apoteker di Puskesmas Halmahera Semarang berpengaruh pada kepatuhan minum obat pasien DM tipe 2.
Evaluasi Performa Supply Chain Management Pedagang Besar Farmasi Terhadap Proses Pengadaan Di Apotek Kimia Farma Unit Bisnis Sidoarjo
Authors: Puspadina Valiandri , Oetari Oetari , Widodo Gunawan Pamudji
Published: March 2021

Terjadinya pergeseran paradigma pelayanan kefarmasian dari pelayanan obat (drug oriented) menjadi lebih berfokus kepada pelayanan pasien (patient oriented) dengan berdasar kepada Pharmaceutical Care saat ini sedang terjadi dengan tetap mengkedepankan pedoman patient safety. Salah satu penunjang tercapainya patient safety adalah ketersediaan obat yang dipengaruhi oleh prosess supply chain dari pihak distributor kepada apotek. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui performa supply chain management dari PBF terhadap proses pengadaan di Apotek Kimia Farma Unit Bisnis Sidoarjo dan memberikan rekomendasi terhadap performa supply chain management dari PBF. Rancangan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengikuti rancangan penelitian deskriptif non eksperimental dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Kinerja supply chain PBF diukur dengan pendekatan Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR). Model hirarki awal disesuaikan dengan kondisi perusahaan. Normalisasi Snorm De Boer berfungsi untuk menyamakan nilai metrik yang digunakan sebagai indikator pengukuran. Aspek performa Supply Chain Management dari PBF di Apotek Kimia Farma Unit Bisnis Sidoarjo ditinjau dari atribut reliability diperolehan nilai sebesar 45,81 dan atribut responsiveness diperoleh nilai sebesar 15,24 atribut agility diperoleh nilai sebesar 14,40 atribut asset management sebesar 5,99. Secara total diperoleh jumlah skor performa PBF sebesar 81,44 dapat dikategorikan baik untuk sebuah sistem supply chain.
Rasionalitas Penggunanaan Obat Pada.Pasien GERD Di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Anutapura Palu
Authors: Patala Recky , Tandi Joni , Ulzmi Nurul , Fahruddin Fahruddin
Published: March 2021

Gastroesophageal Refluks Disease (GERD) merupakan suatu keadaan patologis dimana cairan lambung dengan berbagai kandungannya mengalami refluks ke dalam esophagus. Penyakit ini terjadi akibat lower esophageal sphincter yang berada diantara esophagus dan lambung tidak berfungsi dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rasionalitas penggunaan obat yang meliputi tepat indikasi, tepat obat dan tepat dosis. Subyek pada penelitian ini adalah pasien GERD yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ditentukan berdasarkan rumus Slovin. metode penelitian yang digunakan observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan teknik purposive sampling dimana penelitian ini mendeksripsikan dan mengkaji rasionalitas penggunaan obat pada pasien GERD di RSU Anutapura Palu periode Oktober 2019-Januari 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan obat pada.pasien GERD di  Instalasi Rawat Inap RSU Anutapura Palu sudah rasional dengan persentase penggunaan obat berdasarkan tepat indikasi sebesar 96,97 %, tepat obat 96, 97 % dan tepat dosis sebesar 100%. 
Wacana Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter dalam Buku Teks Sejarah Indonesia
Authors: Filasari Rica
Published: March 2021

Textbooks are one of the sources used in history learning in class and have an important meaning in Strengthening Character Education (PPK). Although there are doubts about the extent to which the integration of the value of PPK in writing Indonesian History textbooks is because the textbooks were born earlier than PPK. This study aims to describe the PPK discourse in the Indonesian History textbook 2013 Curriculum of Senior High Schools (SMA). The research approach used is a qualitative type of critical discourse analysis model Roger Fowler et al. The main data source is in the revised edition of the High School Indonesia History textbook 2013. The research data was collected by means of documentation. While the data are analyzed with two levels, namely the micro-level which takes into account the composition of words and sentences in the text, and the macro-level that links with the history books and the value of character education. Data checking is carried out holistically, historically situated, and theoretically by observing PPK in Indonesian History textbooks. The results of this study present nationalism as the theme of character values ​​that most often appears in Indonesian History textbooks, followed by values ​​of independence, religion, integrity, and mutual cooperation. The discourse of nationalism is very dominant in almost every textbook, especially narratives about the spirit of nationalism in the process of nation and state formation.
Nilai Kearifan Lokal Bugis sebagai Sumber Belajar Sejarah Lokal pada Masyarakat Bugis di Kabupaten Bone
Authors: Khaeruddin  , Umasih U , Ibrahim Nurzengky
Published: March 2021

Abstrak:Identitas kelokalan yang berupa sastra dan sejarah Bugis Bone yang menjadi kekayaan intelektual bagi masyarakat Bone yang sangat relevan untuk dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar sejarah lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemahaman konsepsi kearifan lokal Bugis dalam kehidupan masyarakat kabupaten Bone dan mengetahui penerapan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal pada masyarakat Bugis melalui Sekolah Bugis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kearifan lokal Bugis yang berupa sastra dan sejarah yang didalamnya mengandung pappaseng (pesan-pesan leluhur) yang mencakup ada’ tongeng (berkata benar), lempu (jujur), getteng (teguh pendirian), sipakatau (saling menghormati), sipakalebbi (saling memuliakan), assitinajang (kepatutan) dan mappesonae ri Dewata Seuwwae (berserah diri kepada Tuhan)  dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar sejarah lokal. Nilai-nilai kearifan lokal tersebut dipahami sebagai milik bersama masyarakat Bone dan dipelajari bersama melalui sekolah Bugis sebagai pedoman dalam sikap dan bertindak. Begitupun juga dengan peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah yang terjadi dimasyarakat Bone mengandung pappaseng baik secara tersirat dan tersurat yang kemudian ditelaah dan dijadikan sumber belajar sejarah lokal.
Status of Growth-Oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Indian Unorganized Sector
Authors: Saini Sakshi
Published: March 2021

Women in India are still struggling for financial independence. Females in India accounted for 48%, but their participation in the workforce is 26% (The Hindu, 2018). A significant proportion of the female labour workforce is engaged in the unorganized sector. The main reason for it is the informal sector flexibility to handle both work and household activity. In the Informal sector, enterprises are categorized as Own Account Enterprise (OAE, Enterprise do not hire any worker) and Establishments (enterprises which do hire any worker on a fairly regular basis). Many researchers referred to establishments as 'opportunity-Driven Enterprise' and 'Growth-oriented enterprise.' This paper will be focused on the status of Female-owned Established Enterprises all over the Indian states and in Manufacturing, Trade, and Other Services sector in India. This study is based on NSS 73rd round (2015-16). Most of the research on female entrepreneurs focused on their participation in Own Account Enterprises. This study is way forward to other studies because it focuses on growth-oriented enterprises than Necessity- Driven Enterprises, i.e., OAE.
Identifying Risk Factors and Spatial Clustering of HIV Infection Among Female Sex Workers in India
Authors: Arumugam Elangovan , Joshua Vasna , Aridoss Santhakumar , Balasubramanian Ganesh , Jaganathasamy Nagaraj , David Joseph K , Mathiyazhakan Malathi , Natesan Manikandan , VM Padmapriya , Kumar Pradeep
Published: March 2021

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in India is generally considered to be more concentrated, with the focus on high-risk groups including female sex workers (FSWs). The Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS), the first nationwide surveillance conducted during 2014-2015, collected many key indicators, including indicators related to HIV/STI transmission. The purpose of this study was to develop an index score for each domain surveyed and to identify focus areas for interventions among FSWs.
Methods: The study population consisted of 27,007 FSWs. Forty high-risk related covariates of HIV/STI transmission, demographic characteristics, sexual history, condom practices, knowledge of HIV/STI and biological variables were considered. The original data set was examined using the correlation matrix and was reduced to 15 highly-correlated factors using principal component analysis. The factors were further improved using varimax rotation and the percentage of variation was used as weights to obtain the initial score for each domain, which were then standardized for comparison. Bartlett’s test of sphericity was examined before the factor extraction.
Results: Six factors were extracted, which together explained about 73% of the total variation. The factors were: (1) more number of clients; (2) younger FSW and started selling sex at younger age; (3) experiencing condom breakage; (4) having occasional clients and poor HIV/AIDS knowledge; (5) illiteracy; and (6) a longer period of sex work. Six domains with an index score of above 80, from the states of Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand need greater intervention.
Conclusion and Implications for Translation: FSWs’ current age, age at commencement of sex work, and the number of clients were the indicators most-associated with HIV infection. Therefore, program and policy interventions should focus on FSWs who are younger than <25 years, who started selling sex at <22 years, and who have >10 clients.
Key words: • Female Sex Worker • Kriged Map • Factor Analysis • Principle Component Analysis • HIV • Sexually Transmitted Infections
 
Copyright © 2021 Elangovan et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Culture of Primary Human Tracheobronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Dailey Lisa , McCullough Shaun D.
Published: March 2021

This protocol is intended for culture of primary human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (pHBEC) obtained by brush biopsy during clinical bronchoscopy, or purchased commercially, using Lonza-based medium.Note: This is a historical protocol. At the time of publication, this protocol has been superseded by a different version in the McCullough lab; however, it is being published to support the transparency and reproducibility of other studies by which it is referenced.Disclaimer: The information presented here has been reviewed and approved for publication by the US Environmental Protection Agency do not necessarily represent Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendations for use.
Candidate HPV-Specific T-Cells Expand in the Tumor Microenvironment During Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Colbert Lauren , Alam Molly El , Lynn Erica , Edwards Julianna , Karpinets Tatiana , Wu Xiaogang , Chapman Bhavana , Sims Travis , Lin Daniel , Kouzy Ramez , Biegert Greyson , Medrano Andrea Delgado , Olvera Adilene , Sastry K. , Eifel Patricia , Jhingran Anuja , Lin Lilie , Ramondetta Lois , Futreal Andrew , Jazaeri Amir , Schmeler Kathleen , Yue Jingyan , Mitra Aparna , Yoshida-Court Kyoko , Wargo Jennifer , Solley Travis , Hegde Venkatesh , Nookala Sita , Yanamandra Ananta , Dorta-Estremera Stephanie , Mathew Geena , Kavukuntla Rohit , Papso Cassidy , Ahmed-Kaddar Mustapha , Kim Minsoo , Zhang Jianhua , Reuben Alexandre , Holliday Emma , Minsky Bruce , Koong Albert , Koay Eugene , Das Prajnan , Taniguchi Cullen , Klopp Ann
Published: March 2021

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes 600,000 new cancers worldwide each year. HPV-related cancers express the oncogenic proteins E6 and E7, which could serve as tumor-specific antigens. It is not known whether immunity to E6 and E7 evolves during chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or affects survival. We used functional T-cell assays to identify candidate HPV-specific T-cells and T- cell motifs common across 86 patients with HPV-related cancers. These HPV-specific clones and E7-related motifs expanded over the course of treatment, whereas non-HPV-specific T-cells did not. In HPV16+ patients, improved recurrence-free survival was associated with this HPV-responsive T-cell expansion during CRT.