bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the efficiency of thyroid cancer diagnostics in difficult diagnostic conditions using molecular diagnostic methods
Authors: Alnikin A. B. , Kit O. I. , Engibaryan M. A. , Demidova A. A. , Maksimov A. Yu. , Timoshkina N. N.
Published: January 2025

Purpose of the study. To develop a diagnostic calculator for assessing the expression of profile microRNAs (miRNAs) that are significant for the oncogenesis of thyroid cancer, to introduce it into clinical practice and to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method for early diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland in uncertain diagnostic situations after fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB).Material and methods. The previously developed «Method for Diagnosing Malignant Neoplasms of the Thyroid Gland» (patent RU2820815 C1) was tested on 284 patients of the dispensary group with nodular formations of the thyroid gland according to the results of ultrasound and an uncertain conclusion after FNAB. The number of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma was 83 (29,2%), follicular carcinoma 43 (15,1%) and with benign thyroid pathology (follicular adenoma) – 158 (55,6%) people. The expression of miRNA-146b and –574–3p in cytological samples of thyroid nodules after FNAB was assessed using the real-time PCR method.Results. In thyroid cancer patients, the expression of miRNA-146b was higher (p=0,007) compared to patients with benign pathology, while the expression activity of miRNA-574–3p was lower (p=0,013). To assess the index of reciprocal paired dysregulation of miRNA-146b and miRNA-574–3p expression in thyroid cells, it is recommended to determine the ratio of the expression values of the corresponding molecules. If the ratio index of miRNA-146b and miRNA-574–3p expression is higher than 4.5, then a conclusion is made about a malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland. The diagnostic coefficient calculated by the developed formula using the logistic regression method also allows diagnosing malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland when compared with the cutoff level. The proposed methods are highly informative.Conclusion. Evaluation of the expression of miRNA-146b and miRNA-574–3p in the cells of thyroid nodules obtained by FNAB allows improving the diagnosis of malignant pathology in mutation-negative thyroid nodules with uncertain FNAB results.
Current approaches to neoadjuvant drug therapy for primary operable HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Ruban M. S. , Bolotina L. V. , Karagodina Yu. B.
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer currently occupies the first place in the structure of cancer morbidity in the female population worldwide. Approximately 15–20% of breast cancer patients have overexpression and/or amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2), which causes aggressive biological behavior of the tumor and is associated with poor prognosis. Anti-HER2 therapies have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Starting from the earliest stages (T2 and/or N+), patients should be treated with neoadjuvant drug therapy, which allows direct assessment of treatment efficacy, increases the chances of organ-preserving surgery, and helps to tailor postneoadjuvant therapy. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens have historically been the first treatment option for HER2-positive breast cancer, as HER2 status is a predictor of anthracycline efficacy. However, the development of new agents and the resulting emergence of novel combinations with multiple anti-HER2 agents have provided an opportunity to explore anthracycline-free regimens aimed at reducing adverse events and improving patient quality of life. The results of the BCIRG-006 trial investigating the adjuvant use of such regimens and, later, neoadjuvant assignment in the TRAIN-2 protocol marked a turning point in the use of non-anthracycline regimens. One important open question is the appropriateness of adding carboplatin, as direct comparisons of non-anthracycline combinations with or without carboplatin are lacking. There is now strong evidence of the impact of achieving a complete pathomorphological response (pCR) after the neoadjuvant phase of treatment on long-term oncologic outcomes. The development and validation of possible biomarkers that predict achievement of pCR is extremely promising.
The state of cancer care in Russia: malignant tumors of the nasal cavity, middle ear and paranasal sinuses, prevalence and survival of patients (clinical and population-based study)
Authors: Merabishvili V. M. , Radzhabova Z. A.-G. , Levchenko E. V. , Vasil’ev A. B. , Radzhabova M. A. , Chuglova D. A. , Popova A. L. , Kustov M. O.
Published: January 2025

In accordance with the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10), malignant tumors (MT) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses include diagnosis codes with sub-codes C30 and C31. In world and state statistics, summary data on morbidity is summarized under two diagnosis codes, C30 and C31. Our PCR database of the North-West Federal District of the Russian Federation contains more than 1.5 million cases, which allows us to consider the peculiarities of the prevalence of cancer in rare groups of malignant neoplasms. The population of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation is 13.9 million people, which is more than the population of Belarus, Latvia and Estonia combined.

Objective. To study the prevalence and survival patterns of patients with malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity, middle ear and paranasal sinuses using the database of the newly created NMR of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, taking into account the detailed localization structure by subheadings: C30.0.1 and C31 with subheadings C31.0.1–3.8.9.

Materials and methods. The study material is the data of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), reference books of the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute and the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology. Data processing was carried out using licensed programs MS Excel 2013–2016 and STATISTICA 6.1. A modified EUROCARE program was used to calculate survival. The calculations are based on the NMR of St. Petersburg and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation.

Results and discussion. The conducted study with the analysis of prevalence, assessment of the quality of registration and survival of cancer patients with malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity, middle ear and paranasal sinuses, confirmed the rarity of this pathology in the world and Russia. In general, a decrease in standardized morbidity rates, including age-related ones, was established. Improvement in the quality of registration of primary patients and provision of medical care was noted. An increase in the one-year survival of patients with malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity, middle ear over three observation periods by 20.5% and paranasal sinuses by 15.4% was revealed. Five-year survival has remained virtually unchanged.
Analysis of the efficiency of integrated chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR L858R mutation in exon 21 using first- and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Mandrina M. O. , Barbolina T. D. , Vladimirova L. Yu. , Storozhakova A. E. , Laktionov K. K.
Published: January 2025

General data. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of integrated chemotherapy in targeted anti-EGFR therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a mutation in exon 21 of the EGFR gene compared to monotherapy with firstand second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

Material: From 2015 to 2021, the study included 45 patients with metastatic NSCLC with the L858R mutation in exon 21 for the first line of treatment, distributed into an experimental group and a control group of 23 and 22 people, respectively. Patients in the experimental group received therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the first 2 months, followed by discontinuation of targeted drugs and 3 courses of chemotherapy according to the paclitaxel and carboplatin regimen. Targeted therapy was then resumed until disease progression. Patients in the control group received only monotherapy with first- or second-generation TKIs. The median follow-up was 36 months.

Result. The objective response rate (ORR) was 59.1 % for the experimental group and 27.3 % for the control group, disease stabilization was achieved in 9 (40.9%) patients and 14 (63.6%), respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) for the experimental group was 23 months [95% CI: 16–36], for the control group 13 [95% CI: 11–17] (p=0.004). The median overall survival (OS) for the experimental group was statistically higher than in the control group and was 43 [lower limit of 95% CI – 38] months versus 32 [95% CI: 23–44] months (p=0.008).

Conclusion. The results of our study showed that the integration of chemotherapy into targeted treatment of this category of patients may become a new worthy option that allows for a statistically significant increase in both the median PFS and the median OS.
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF ANALYZING THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE CIVILIZATIONAL AND POLITICAL SPACE OF RUSSIA IN THE XXI CENTURY
Authors:   Moscow Pedagogical State University (MPSU), Moscow, Russian Federation, ASONOV N.V. ,   Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISISS RAS)
Published: January 2025

Based on the nature of political science, which focuses on the study of power as the foundation of all social relations, the author reveals their understanding of the methodological principles for analyzing changes in the civilizational and political space of Russia in the 21st century. The aim of the research is to identify the specifics of the methodological principles that will help uncover the further path of transformation in Russia’s civilizational and political space. Research Methods. Achieving this goal requires the application of several specialized methods: political, conflictology, cultural-formational, and civilizational. Due to their significance, they are classified as research approaches that combine with value-comparative and systemic methods. The results of the research indicate that a deeper understanding of the ongoing transformation of Russia’s civilizational and political space can be achieved through the comprehensive use of four methodological principles of scientific analysis. These principles are the principles of socio-political facts, socio-political definitions, socio-political behavior, and socio-historical determinism. Their application allows for the assertion that Russia’s transformation in the 21st century can only proceed along a path that corresponds to the liberal political system imposed on us in the late 20th century. This path aligns with the North Atlantic civilization and has the potential to turn Russia into a major center of intercivilizational conflicts, leading it into complete decline. The way out of the current situation is seen only in restructuring the country’s political system in accordance with traditional values.
GAMIFICATION OF POLITICS: VIDEO GAMES AS A TOOL FOR SHAPING DISCOURSE AND COUNTER-DISCOURSE IN CONFLICT
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University “LETI”, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, KAMINSKY S.I. , FEDOTOV D.A. , KRIVOSHEEV A.A.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to examine the pool of foreign virtual reality gaming products dedicated to representing events in Ukraine from 2014 to 2024 in order to identify political images and discursive practices embedded in virtual reality gaming products. In the course of the work, it was established that video games have become an important tool for shaping political discourse and constructing political images, while revealing a significant transformation in the representation of Ukraine: from not being represented as a subject in the 2000s to positioning as an independent state after 2014. Against the background of the fact that the global video game market is about 185 billion dollars with an audience of 2.5 billion people, and 66% of Russians play video games, it is especially important to note that most games are created not by Ukrainian, but by foreign developers, while the image of Russia has evolved from neutral to negative, and after 2022, most games allow you to participate only on the side of Ukraine or its Western allies. Based on the conducted research, recommendations for the development of the domestic gaming industry are proposed, including tax incentives, the creation of their own game distribution platforms, the development of game consoles and support for mobile games, which is necessary for the formation of an effective counter-discourse in the modern information space.
CRIMINAL LAW PROHIBITION AS A MEANS OF COUNTERING CRIMINAL LAW CONFLICTS
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after S.P. Korolev, Samara, Russian Federation, IDRISOV N.T.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of writing a research paper is to determine the possibilities of a criminal law prohibition to counteract criminal law conflicts. The work distinguishes between a criminal law conflict and a crime, while guaranteeing the effectiveness of a criminal law ban allows overcoming a criminal law conflict as a precursor to a crime. The author suggests the stages of a criminal law conflict and identifies the possibilities of a criminal law prohibition to counteract social conflicts at the individual level of the mechanism of the state-imperious command about the inadmissibility of a socially dangerous act of individual behavior and under threat of negative criminal law consequences of non-compliance with such a command, and also defines the boundaries and mechanism of the public level of the mechanism of criminal law prohibition, when the individual level did not allow us to guarantee a socially positive behavior an individual. The paper substantiates the conclusion about the high importance of the criminal law prohibition in countering criminal law conflicts.
ANALYSIS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL WEAPONS IN THE VICINITY OF BOGUCHARSKY DISTRICT VORONEZH
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, CHEREPNIOV M.A. , ROZANTSEVA L.A. ,   Russian University of Biotechnology (ROSBIOTEH), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

This article proposes a mechanism for the formation of deposits of marsh, meadow and lake iron ore mined in the Novgorod land in the Middle Ages. It is shown that this mechanism correlates well with spectral analyses conducted by Kolchin A.B. with archaeological weapons found on the territory of northern Russia. The characteristics of Novgorod-made weapons highlighted in this way made it possible in this article to separate foreign-made weapons from Novgorod ones based on the material of 232 random iron finds analyzed by the RFU in the Bogucharsky and Rossoshansky districts of the Voronezh Region and the Verkhnedonsky district of the Rostov region. In our model, the Poland,Novgorod-made warrior's weapons and equipment make up about 1/3 of all finds. For the rest (foreign), among the well-known deposits of Central Asia, Russia and Europe, the main place of extraction of iron ore of the corresponding chemical composition in Spain is allocated near Bilbao. Extraction of iron ore here have well known history. Based on the chemical composition, some observations were made about the technology of manufacturing iron weapons in Europe and the Novgorod Republic in the Middle Ages.
THE STRATEGY OF THE BRITISH LABOUR PARTY AND TRADE UNIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CRISIS OF THE TURN OF THE 1910S-1920S
Authors:   Bryansk State Academician I. G. Petrovski University, Bryansk, Russian Federation, BORTULEV V.E.
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the complex socio-economic processes that took place in the UK in the first years after the end of the First World War, as well as the strategy of the Labour Party, which by that time had become one of the key elements of the British political system to solve the problems that arose. The subject of the study is the approaches of the leaders of the Labour Party and the closely related leadership of the largest trade unions to solving labor conflicts that arose in the post-war period, as well as issues related to improving the social situation of workers in key sectors of British industry. The author notes that by the time of the end of the First World War, the Labour Party, which positioned itself as an exponent of the interests of not only workers, but also representatives of broad strata of British society, put forward a program of broad transformations in the socio-economic sphere, including the expansion of the social insurance system and labor rights, increased state participation in regulating socio-economic processes, as well as the nationalization of some key sectors of British industry. At the same time, the majority of Labor members saw the achievement of these goals solely through parliamentary methods of political struggle and negotiations with the government. Based on the results of the review, the author concludes that the leadership of the Labour Party tried to use the socio-economic difficulties that arose after the First World War to strengthen its political influence and expand its electoral base. At the same time, Labor's fears about the possible radicalization of the labor movement led to weakness and inconsistency in the party's position regarding labor conflicts that arose during this period. The inconsistency of the Labour Party's socio-economic strategy was one of the factors in the rapid fall of the first Labour cabinet in 1924.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN INFORMASI OBAT TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN KEPATUHAN PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI WILAYAH KOTA JAKARTA PUSAT
Authors: Silmi Syauqia Zulfa  , Primayanti Nurul Ilmi  , Nurfitri Bustamam  , Dhigna Luthfiyani Citra Pradana
Published: January 2025

As many as 59.8% of hypertension patients in Indonesia do not regularly take medication since the patient feels healthy. This study aims to analyze the effect of providing drug information on the level of knowledge and adherence to taking medication in hypertensive patients. The study design was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test with medication reminders and education for 14 days. The questionnaires used were the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) for knowledge level, and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 8 (MMAS-8) for compliance level. A total of 45 people became research respondents. Based on data analysis, data on the characteristics of elderly patients was obtained, totaling 36 people (80%), 30 people (66.7%) were female, based on educational status in the high school category, the maximum was 66.7%, 53.3% actively works, based on the antihypertensive drug used is amlodipine 10 mg as much as 64.5%. The results of the statistical test using the Wilcoxon test were that providing drug information on the level of knowledge hypertensive patients had (p < 0.05), and there was a significant effect between providing drug information on the level of medication adherence for hypertensive patients (p < 0.05). Based on the study, it was concluded that providing reminders and education can significantly increase medication adherence
«Teresa, críese el niño»: aproximación a una comedia inédita del fondo teatral de Palacio (ms. II/462, ff. 108-142)
Authors: Marrella Valeria
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo analiza una comedia inédita en cuatro jornadas custodiada en el manuscrito II/462 de la Real Biblioteca del Palacio Real de Madrid, que constituye un valioso testimonio del teatro de finales del siglo xvi, caracterizado por su naturaleza experimental tanto en el plano genérico como estilístico. A partir de un examen paleográfico y textual, se estudia la posible vinculación del manuscrito con el fondo Gondomar, con el propósito de esclarecer las circunstancias de transmisión del texto y sus distintas fases de redacción. Asimismo, se trata de situar esta pieza en su contexto histórico-literario, mediante el análisis de la interacción de elementos de diversa índole que configuran su acervo temático. Se plantean, además, futuras líneas de investigación relacionadas con el estudio de la pieza.
The Relationship between Parenting Style, Knowledge and Attitudes of Mothers with Stunting Prevention in Toddlers at Posyandu Tunas Segar 4
Authors: Suwandewi Alit , Azidin Yustan , Khalilati Noor , Aprilia Hanura , Daud Izma , Salamiah Dea
Published: January 2025

Background: Stunting is a problem in children from an early age due to chronic malnutrition in the womb which is caused by inadequate nutritional intake, so that children appear shorter than children their age. The problem of stunting is still encountered in the Pekauaman Community Health Center working area, Banjarmasin City.
Objective: This research is to determine the relationship between parenting patterns, knowledge and attitudes of mothers with the prevention of stunting in toddlers at Posyandu Tunas Segar 4, Kelayan Selatan District, Banjarmasin.Method: This research design uses cross-sectional correlation analysis. In this study, a simple random sampling technique was used to select 66 mothers who had toddlers aged 0-59 months. In this research, the independent variables are the mother's parenting style, knowledge and attitudes. The dependent variable is stunting prevention behavior, which is measured through a questionnaire sheet with an r value >0.361, tested using Spearman rank analysis with p value = 0.05.Results: Research shows that maternal parenting patterns, maternal knowledge and attitudes are related to preventing stunting in toddlers. The results of the analysis of parenting patterns p value = -0.010, knowledge = -0.022 and attitude = -0.109. Conclusion: The conclusion from the results of this research is that there is a relationship between parenting patterns, knowledge and attitudes of mothers and the prevention of stunting in toddlers at Posyandu Tunas Segar 4, Kelayan Selatan District, Banjarmasin. Advice is expected for mothers who have toddlers to routinely follow the posyandu schedule.
Impaired fracture healing is associated with callus chondro-osseous junction abnormalities in periostin-null and osteopontin-null mice
Authors: Teitelbaum Marc , Culbertson Maya D. , Wetterstrand Charlene , O’Connor J. Patrick
Published: January 2025

Periostin and osteopontin are matricellular proteins abundantly expressed in bone fracture callus. Null mutation of either the periostin (Postn) gene or the osteopontin (Spp1) gene can impair bone fracture healing. However, the cell and molecular pathways affected by loss of POSTN or SPP1 which lead to impaired fracture healing are not well understood. To identify potential pathways, a detailed radiological, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis of femur fracture healing in Postn-null (PostnKO), Spp1-null (Spp1KO), and normal (WT) mice was performed. Apparent changes in specific protein levels identified by immunohistochemistry were confirmed by mRNA quantitation. Comparisons between the PostnKO and Spp1KO fracture calluses were confounded by interactions between the two genes; loss of Postn reduced Spp1 expression and loss of Spp1 reduced Postn expression. Consequently, alterations in fracture healing between mice heterozygous for the Postn-null allele (PostnHET) as well as the PostnKO and Spp1KO mice were similar. Calluses from PostnHET, PostnKO, and Spp1KO mice all had dysmorphic chondro-osseous junctions and reduced numbers of osteoclasts. The dysmorphic chondro-osseous junctions in the PostnHET, PostnKO, and Spp1KO calluses were associated with reduced numbers of MMP-13 expressing hypertrophic chondrocytes, consistent with delayed cartilage resolution. Unlike collagen X expressing callus chondrocytes, chondrocytes only expressed MMP-13 when localized to the chondro-osseous junction or after traversing the chondro-osseous junction. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression also appeared to be reduced in osteoclasts from the PostnHET, PostnKO, and Spp1KO calluses, including in those osteoclasts localized at the chondro-osseous junction. The results indicate that POSTN and SPP1 are necessary for normal chondro-osseous junction formation and that signaling from the chondro-osseous junction, possibly from COX-2 expressing osteoclasts, regulates callus vasculogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy necessary for endochondral ossification during fracture healing.
Visible and rapid detection of feline chaphamaparvovirus using multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification and lateral flow dipstick assay
Authors: Ji Jun , Mu Xinhao , Pan Shunshun , Xu Xin , Zhang Shiyuan , Huang Honghui , Li Ying , Bi Yingzuo , Yao Lunguang
Published: January 2025

Feline chaphamaparvovirus (FeChPV) is a novel parvovirus previously reported in Canadian cats and Chinese dogs with diarrhea in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Herein, we aimed to establish a simple detection method for FeChPV in field clinics. The primers and probes for the multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification and lateral flow dipstick (MIRA-LFD) assay were designed to target the conserved regions of the FeChPV genome and determine the optimal reaction temperature and time. Without relying on precision instruments, FeChPV detection using the MIRA-LFD assay was completed within 20 min at 37°C, without any cross-reaction with other reference viruses. The newly established MIRA-LFD assay had a detection limit of 32.3 copies/μL, which was 10-fold lower than that of the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Furthermore, the MIRA-LFD assay detected 29 FeChPV-positive samples among 417 cats with diarrhea, providing a slightly higher positivity rate than the nested PCR assay. These results indicate that the newly developed MIRA-LFD assay for FeChPV detection is an efficient, economical, reliable, and simple method that can help in the early prevention and control of FeChPV infection.
A reliable and privacy-preserved federated learning framework for real-time smoking prediction in healthcare
Authors: Fuladi Siddhesh , Ruby D. , Manikandan N. , Verma Animesh , Nallakaruppan M. K. , Selvarajan Shitharth , Meena Preeti , Meena V. P. , Hameed Ibrahim A.
Published: January 2025

The ever-evolving domain of machine learning has witnessed significant advancements with the advent of federated learning, a paradigm revered for its capacity to facilitate model training on decentralized data sources while upholding data confidentiality. This research introduces a federated learning-based framework designed to address gaps in existing smoking prediction models, which often compromise privacy and lack data generalizability. By utilizing a distributed approach, the framework ensures secure, privacy-preserved model training on decentralized devices, enabling the capture of diverse smoking behavior patterns. The proposed framework incorporates careful data preprocessing, rational model architecture selection, and optimal parameter tuning to predict smoking with high precision. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the model, achieving an accuracy rate of 97.65%, complemented by an F1-score of 97.41%, precision of 97.31%, and recall rate of 97.36%, significantly outperforming traditional approaches. This research also discusses the benefits of federated learning, including efficient time management, parallel processing, secure model updates, and enhanced data privacy, while addressing limitations such as computational overhead. These findings underscore the transformative potential of federated learning in healthcare, paving the way for future advancements in privacy-preserved predictive modeling.
Geochronology and geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic–Mesozoic intrusive rocks in the Xinlin area, northeastern China: new constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Erguna block
Authors: Lu Sheng , Li Chenglu , Alam Masroor , Song Zhichao , Zhu Xiannan , Fu Anzong , Yang Wenpeng
Published: January 2025

The occurrence of intrusive rocks within the Xinlin area, northeastern China, provides insights into the Neoproterozoic–Mesozoic geodynamic setting of the Erguna block. In this study, we present petrographic, geochemical, and geochronological data on intrusive rocks from the Xinlin area. Zircon U–Pb and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar geochronology reveal that magmatism occurred during the Neoproterozoic (ca. 864.98 Ma), Early Ordovician (ca. 470.0 Ma), Late Carboniferous (ca. 306.9 Ma), Early Permian (ca. 296.9 Ma), and Early Cretaceous (ca. 117.8 Ma) periods. The Neoproterozoic and Early Ordovician intermediate–mafic intrusive rocks have low Rb/Sr contents, high Mg#, and weakly negative Eu anomalies. These results suggest that the magma sources of these rocks varied: intermediate–acidic magmas were derived from the lower crust, and intermediate–mafic magmas originated from the mantle and were subsequently contaminated by crustal material. In contrast, the Late Carboniferous, Early Permian, Late Triassic–Early Jurassic, and Early Cretaceous intermediate–acidic intrusive rocks display high Rb/Sr contents, low Mg#, and strongly negative Eu anomalies, indicating derivation from the partial melting of the lower crust. Our findings, along with previous studies, suggest that Neoproterozoic intrusive rocks were formed during the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. The Paleozoic intrusive rocks are associated with the collision and amalgamation of the Erguna and Xing’an blocks, as well as the Songnen and Xing’an blocks. Early Mesozoic intrusive rocks were developed during the subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic intracontinental system. Finally, the late Mesozoic intrusive rocks were formed in a non-orogenic extensional setting, potentially linked to the final closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean or the rollback of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.
Research on shale dynamic and static elastic modulus and anisotropy based on pressurization history
Authors: Zhang Di , Li YaFeng , Guo YaNan , Xia HanLin , Liu YanXin , Yan JiaShen , Wang Fei , Wu YinTing
Published: January 2025

The dynamic and static elastic parameters of rocks exhibit differences. It is of great practical significance to carry out experiments on dynamic and static elastic parameters of rocks under reservoir conditions and determine the conversion relationship between dynamic and static elastic parameters. In this study, shale oil samples from the second member of Kongdong sag in Dagang Oilfield were analyzed by triaxial compression experiments at different bedding angles and longitudinal and shear wave velocity tests. Dynamic and static stiffness coefficient, elastic modulus and acoustic wave velocity change under different directions of pressure and pressure relief. The results indicate that the P-wave velocity, fast shear wave velocity, slow shear wave velocity, dynamic and static Young’s modulus exhibit an increase as the confining pressure rises, and the parameters are greater during the unloading process than during loading process. At identical confining pressures, the dynamic Young’s modulus measured by cores with parallel bedding plane is greater than that measured by cores with vertical bedding plane. The dynamic and static elastic mechanical parameters of different bedding angles can be transformed under varying pressures, and the dynamic elastic mechanical parameters measured under varying levels of confining pressure can be transformed into static elastic mechanical parameters under equivalent confining pressures, which offer fundamental parameters for examining rock mechanics properties and serving as a reference for developing fracturing construction plans for oil and gas reservoirs.
Social and emotional learning - Portuguese and Spanish teachers’ representations and classroom practices
Authors: Ferreira Marco , Reis-Jorge José , Olcina-Sempere Gustau
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study aims to uncover the representations and practices of Portuguese and Spanish school teachers regarding social and emotional learning (SEL), hoping to contribute to filling a perceived gap in the empirical literature of these two countries.

Methods

This is an exploratory qualitative study with a convenience sample of 68 Portuguese and Spanish teachers who responded to an open-ended questionnaire. The teachers’ responses were analyzed following a hybrid approach to the method of thematic analysis. As an extension to the study, we checked the level of similarity of the perspectives and practices expressed by the Portuguese and the Spanish teachers.

Results

The findings reveal the participants’ awareness of the theoretical foundations of SEL with an emphasis on the association between SEL and students’ mental health. In terms of classroom practices, they tended to implement activities involving students in reflecting on their feelings and emotions to facilitate the development of healthy social and emotional behavior. No significant differences were found between teachers from the two countries.

Discussion

Our findings echo previous research showing that teaching SEL cannot be a process carried out haphazardly or intuitively. Teachers who are well-trained and prepared to teach are more willing to change their practices and more likely to implement SEL in their classrooms. Therefore, the development of teaching skills in SEL should be part of initial and in-service teacher training programs to become competent in promoting a whole school approach.
Loneliness, lack of support, and educational challenges: teachers’ experiences working with refugee children
Authors: Lunina Simona , Jurgilė Vaida
Published: January 2025

For the first time, Lithuania has faced such a flow of refugee families with children, and it is natural that until now there is not enough experience and research in the education of refugee children in Lithuania. Until now, the focus has been on the integration and socialization of refugees, with very little attention paid to the education of refugee children in early childhood education settings. The education of refugee children and the opportunities to provide it globally became more important in 2022 when Ukrainian refugees were forced to flee their homes because of the war. This paper aims to reveal the experiences of Lithuanian teachers who, as soon as the war started, received refugee children in their classes without any prior information or adequate preparation. A study was carried out to uncover preschool teachers’ experiences of working with refugee children, so the following research questions are raised - what are the experiences of preschool teachers working with children with refugee status? What challenges do preschool teachers face? How do preschool teachers work with refugee children without official descriptions prepared by the State of Lithuania? A thematic analysis was applied. The results of the study revealed that pre-school teachers faced different educational challenges when educating refugee children: lack of foreign language skills, cultural differences, lack of support from professionals when working with refugee children, etc. The study found that teachers were intensively choosing self-initiated learning to improve their professional knowledge in order to ensure a quality education process for refugee children in early childhood education institutions. Teachers independently searched for suitable materials for the education of refugee children and adapted existing programs and guidelines to refugee children in their groups.
Transformative learning: reflection on the emotional experiences of schoolteachers during and after the pandemic
Authors: Chiu Yin Yung
Published: January 2025

Teachers have experienced online teaching anxiety since the pandemic, and as education continues with digitization, the emotional experiences should be addressed. By focusing on the emotions experienced by schoolteachers in online teaching, this research investigates how intense feelings, and strong emotions can be transformed into critical self-reflection and ultimately achieve transformation based on the transformative learning model. As teachers across jurisdictions reportedly experienced burnout, this research discovers that transformative learning is the gateway and a path that allows teachers' passion to be reignited. To cope with the changes and challenges brought by the use of AI and the vastness of online information, it is essential for teachers to re-examine and identify their roles in the classroom and to consolidate their valuable contributions and irreplaceable role in an effective learning environment. Through case studies that cover the life stories of five teachers in Hong Kong, Canada and Taiwan, this research discusses how the emotionality of teachers plays a key role in transformative learning and examines the process in which anxieties transcend into passion.
Teachers’ perceptions of rejection sensitivity in inclusive primary schools: qualitative case study
Authors: Elballah Khaled , Alsayed Abdulrahman
Published: January 2025

Rejection sensitivity (RS) among primary school students is a serious problem that often has multiple negative consequences including poor academic performance and mental health problems. The current study used a qualitative methodology to determine the role of teachers’ psychological awareness in preventing RS allergy in the school environment through stakeholder intervention and RS allergy prevention programs. When teachers notice students with disabilities being rejected, they can take steps to reduce it. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 teachers working in public primary inclusive schools in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, with deaf, hard of hearing (DHH), and learning disabilities programs. The findings provide an initial step in identifying the forms and types of RS in the school context, helping administrators, teachers, parents, and students reduce the phenomenon of RS and develop long-term plans to address it. Taking teachers’ perceptions into account may enable the development and implementation of new programs to address RS directed toward individuals with disabilities in primary schools. The discussion highlights future research directions and limitations of current research.
Achieving prediabetes reversal in China: a nationwide longitudinal study on the role of blood glucose and lipid management in middle-aged and elderly adults
Authors: Yang Hongguang , Liu Yao , Huang Zhenhe , Deng Guifang
Published: January 2025

Background

Prediabetes, impacting a third of the adult Chinese population, is linked to a variety of detrimental health outcomes. However, scant research has delved into the factors that affect a regression from prediabetes to normal glucose regulation (NGR) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal analysis of 2,655 adults, aged 45 years and above, drawing data from wave 1 and wave 3 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). We employed a stepwise logistic regression model to identify factors associated with the regression to NGR. Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) analysis was used to evaluate the dose-response relationships between baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and the likelihood of regression to NGR. Attribution fraction (AF) analysis was conducted to measure the impact of modifiable factors on the regression of prediabetes. We further examined how changes in these factors were associated with regression to NGR.

Results

During the 4-year follow-up, 570 of 2,655 prediabetes participants regressed to NGR. The stepwise logistic regression model identified older age, female sex, abdominal obesity (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57–0.86), elevated LDL-C (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48–0.97), higher FPG (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52–0.90), and higher HbA1c (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.18–0.30) as factors associated with regression to NGR. AF analysis showed that a lower initial HbA1c was the most influential factor for regression to NGR. Additionally, evaluated blood lipid profiles reduced the odds of regression to NGR.

Conclusion

This study underscores the influence of age, gender, abdominal obesity, LDL-C levels, FPG, HbA1c, and blood lipid profiles on the likelihood of regressing from prediabetes to NGR. It suggests that adopting a healthy lifestyle and preemptively mitigating these risks may be more beneficial than addressing them after they have been identified in clinical settings.
Ecological reef restoration: consumptive and nonconsumptive interactions among common North Sea predators and European oysters
Authors: Ellrich Julius A. , Kozian-Fleck Clemens , Brand Markus , Colsoul Bérenger , Pogoda Bernadette
Published: January 2025

Oyster reefs are biodiversity hotspots with multiple ecosystem functions and services that are declining worldwide. Historic populations of European oysters (Ostrea edulis) have been decimated by overfishing and are nowadays considered functionally extinct in European waters. To halt and reverse the associated biodiversity loss, oyster reef restoration was implemented into marine conservation measures and several reef restoration projects started across Europe. Following ecological restoration standards, it is crucial to identify reef-associated predators and predator-prey interactions influencing reef recovery as predators can control prey populations. Therefore, this study examined consumptive and nonconsumptive interactions among common North Sea predators, brown crabs (Cancer pagurus) and European lobsters (Homarus gammarus), and European oysters on Helgoland island (German Bight, North Sea) for the first time. Field surveys and monitorings in offshore pilot oyster reefs and experimental seafloor areas showed (i) that brown crabs, lobsters and oysters co-occur in these subtidal environments and (ii) interact with each other. Manipulative experiments indicated (iii, iv) that both predators consume oysters, (v) that medium-sized to large oysters are safe from brown crabs, and (vi) that large oysters are relatively safe from lobsters. They also found (vii) that the presence of common mussels (Mytilus spp.), as an alternative and more profitable prey, and (viii) the formation of larger and heavier oyster clumps, that are more difficult to handle, can reduce predation on oysters. Furthermore, they showed (ix) that the presence of brown crab conspecifics and (x) lobsters in natural abundances can nonconsumptively limit oyster consumption of brown crabs through intimidation mediated by (xi) brown crab- and (xii) lobster-released waterborne predator cues detected by brown crabs which indicates naturally underlying mechanisms regulating and limiting predation on oysters. Thereby, this study provides fundamental knowledge that is essential to understand predator-prey interactions in offshore oyster reefs and to facilitate ecological reef restoration.
Protecting civilians in a data-driven and digitalized battlespace: toward a baseline humanitarian technology infrastructure
Authors: Fitz-Gerald Ann , Hennebry Jenna
Published: January 2025

This article examines the realities of modern day warfare, including a rising trend in hybrid threats and irregular warfare which employ emerging technologies supported by digital and data-driven processes. The way in which these technologies become applied generates a widened battlefield and leads to a greater number of civilians being caught up in conflict. Humanitarian groups mandated to protect civilians have adapted their approaches to the use of new emerging technologies. However, the lack of international consensus on the use of data, the public and private nature of the actors involved in conflict, the transnational aspects of the widened battlefield, and the heightened security risks in the conflict space pose enormous challenges for the protection of civilians agenda. Based on the dual-usage aspect of emerging technologies, the challenges associated with regulation and the need for those affected by conflict to demonstrate resilience toward, and knowledge of, digital media literacy, this paper proposes the development of guidance for a "minimum basic technology infrastructure" which is supported by technology, regulation, and public awareness and education
Curdione combined with borneol treats bacterial mixed HPV infection by regulating the crosstalk among immune cells
Authors: Liu Jingwei , Shu Tong , Mu Yiheng , Zheng Wanlin , Lu Xiaohuan , Tao Hong
Published: January 2025

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a worldwide reproductive system disease. Baofukang suppository, a traditional herbal preparation that includes curdione and borneol, has been reported to treat bacterial vaginosis (BV) and HPV infection in China. However, the therapeutic mechanism is still unknown. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of curdione and borneol in treating HPV infection.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of medical records from a single-center study involving 205 HPV patients, focusing on the correlation between HPV clearance and co-infection with other pathogens, confirming the efficacy of Baofukang suppository. Bioinformatics and network pharmacology approaches were employed to identify therapeutic targets of Baofukang suppository for BV/HPV co-infections. qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry were utilized to validate the therapeutic targets of curdione and borneol, along with the associated immune molecular changes. Finally, the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic efficacy of curdione and borneol were confirmed in vivo using an LPS/TC-1 cervical orthotopic injection model.

Results

Curdione and borneol selectively inhibit the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by macrophages. The reduction in IL-6 and IL-1β levels effectively inhibits the expression of CD274 (Programmed death ligand 1, PD-L1) in infected epithelial cells by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, thereby suppressing their immune evasion capabilities. Furthermore, curdione and borneol enhance the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and caspase 1 (CASP1) in macrophages, as well as the expression of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and interleukin 23 (IL-23) in dendritic cells (DCs). The expression of these inflammatory factors effectively promotes the migration and differentiation of T cells to the site of infection, completing the clearance of infected epithelial cells.

Conclusion

The main components of Baofukang suppository, curdione and borneol, inhibit the progression of HPV infection and the occurrence of cervical cancer by modulating the communication between innate and adaptive immunity, promoting the recruitment and recognition of CD8+ T cells to eliminate HPV-infected epithelial cells.
New insights into N6-methyladenosine in hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy
Authors: Li Mengran , Tian Hu , Zhuang Yanshuang , Zhang Zili
Published: January 2025

N6-methylation is a modification in which a methyl group is added to the adenine base of a nucleotide. This modification is crucial for controlling important functions that are vital for gene expression, including mRNA splicing, stability, and translation. Due to its intricate participation in both normal cellular processes and the course of disease, as well as its critical role in determining cell fate, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) alteration has recently attracted a lot of interest. The formation and progression of many diseases, especially cancer, can be attributed to dysregulated m6A alteration, which can cause disturbances in a variety of cellular functions, such as immunological responses, cell proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, we examine how m6A dysregulation affects hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with a particular emphasis on how it contributes to immunological evasion and carcinogenesis. We also investigate its potential as a novel therapeutic target, providing new perspectives on potential therapeutic approaches meant to enhance clinical results for patients with HCC.