bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Study of the Variation in Patient Turnover and Patient-to-Nurse Ratio: Descriptive Analysis of a Swiss University Hospital
Authors: Musy Sarah N , Endrich Olga , Leichtle Alexander B , Griffiths Peter , Nakas Christos T , Simon Michael
Published: February 2020

Background

Variations in patient demand increase the challenge of balancing high-quality nursing skill mixes against budgetary constraints. Developing staffing guidelines that allow high-quality care at minimal cost requires first exploring the dynamic changes in nursing workload over the course of a day.

Objective

Accordingly, this longitudinal study analyzed nursing care supply and demand in 30-minute increments over a period of 3 years. We assessed 5 care factors: patient count (care demand), nurse count (care supply), the patient-to-nurse ratio for each nurse group, extreme supply-demand mismatches, and patient turnover (ie, number of admissions, discharges, and transfers).

Methods

Our retrospective analysis of data from the Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland included all inpatients and nurses working in their units from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. Two data sources were used. The nurse staffing system (tacs) provided information about nurses and all the care they provided to patients, their working time, and admission, discharge, and transfer dates and times. The medical discharge data included patient demographics, further admission and discharge details, and diagnoses. Based on several identifiers, these two data sources were linked.

Results

Our final dataset included more than 58 million data points for 128,484 patients and 4633 nurses across 70 units. Compared with patient turnover, fluctuations in the number of nurses were less pronounced. The differences mainly coincided with shifts (night, morning, evening). While the percentage of shifts with extreme staffing fluctuations ranged from fewer than 3% (mornings) to 30% (evenings and nights), the percentage within “normal” ranges ranged from fewer than 50% to more than 80%. Patient turnover occurred throughout the measurement period but was lowest at night.

Conclusions

Based on measurements of patient-to-nurse ratio and patient turnover at 30-minute intervals, our findings indicate that the patient count, which varies considerably throughout the day, is the key driver of changes in the patient-to-nurse ratio. This demand-side variability challenges the supply-side mandate to provide safe and reliable care. Detecting and describing patterns in variability such as these are key to appropriate staffing planning. This descriptive analysis was a first step towards identifying time-related variables to be considered for a predictive nurse staffing model.
Comparison of a Collective Intelligence Tailored Messaging System on Smoking Cessation Between African American and White People Who Smoke: Quasi-Experimental Design (Preprint)
Authors: Faro Jamie M , Nagawa Catherine S , Allison Jeroan A , Lemon Stephenie C , Mazor Kathleen M , Houston Thomas K , Sadasivam Rajani S
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

The Patient Experience Recommender System for Persuasive Communication Tailoring (PERSPeCT) is a machine learning recommender system with a database of messages to motivate smoking cessation. PERSPeCT uses the collective intelligence of users (ie, preferences and feedback) and demographic and smoking profiles to select motivating messages. PERSPeCT may be more beneficial for tailoring content to minority groups influenced by complex, personally relevant factors.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate the use of PERSPeCT in African American people who smoke compared with white people who smoke.

METHODS

Using a quasi-experimental design, we compared African American people who smoke with a historical cohort of white people who smoke, who both received up to 30 emailed tailored messages over 65 days. People who smoke rated the daily message in terms of perceived influence on quitting smoking for 30 days. Our primary analysis compared daily message ratings between the two groups using a t test. We used a logistic model to compare 30-day cessation between the two groups and adjusted for covariates.

RESULTS

The study included 119 people who smoke (African Americans, 55/119; whites, 64/119). At baseline, African American people who smoke were significantly more likely to report allowing smoking in the home (P=.002); all other characteristics were not significantly different between groups. Daily mean ratings were higher for African American than white people who smoke on 26 of the 30 days (P<.001). Odds of quitting as measured by 30-day cessation were significantly higher for African Americans (odds ratio 2.3, 95% CI 1.04-5.53; P=.03) and did not change after adjusting for allowing smoking at home.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study highlighted the potential of using a recommender system to personalize for African American people who smoke.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02200432; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02200432

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/jmir.6465
EUPHORBIA CADUCIFOLIA HAINES, EUPHORBIA NIVULIA BUCH. HAM AND EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI LINN. LATEX SHELF-LIFE ASSESSMENT OF EUPHORBIA ANTIQUORUM LINN.
Authors: ROY SUDIPTA , ACHARYA RABINARAYAN , RANADE ANAGHA , CHOLERA M. S.
Published: February 2020

Objective: In the present study, an attempt was made to assess the shelf life of the Snuhi latex which is frequently used in fresh condition for the preparation of Ksharasutra, a medicated thread, used in Ayurveda.

Methods: The latex of E. antiquorum, E. caducifolia, E. nivulia and E. tirucalli were collected individually and stored in air tight glass vials during the month of May, 2018. Physical attributes like Colour, odour, appearances, pH and microbial load of all four samples were assessed as per standard protocol. Assessment was made every day, 9 AM, for 7 d in room temperature and for 10 d in refrigerated samples.

Results: Result shows that, pH range (start-end day) was 4.25-5.18, 4.79-5.12, 4.48-4.76 and 4.40-5.42 in case of E. antiquorum, E. caducifolia, E. nivulia and E. tirucalli at room temperature. It was found that, Aspergillus niger was found in Euphorbia antiquorum, Euphorbia caducifolia whereas Candida albicans was found in Euphorbia tirucalli latex in fungal culture on the 7th day after collection, when the samples were stored at room temperature. All the samples were free from microbial growth up to 10thday when stored at 4-5 °C in a refrigerator.

Conclusion: Temperature, and moisture affects the quality of fresh snuhi latex. The latex remains free from microbial growth up to six days in room temperature and up to 10 d under at refrigerated temperature (4-5 °C).
NOVEL SELECTIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF METHIMAZOLE IN PURE FORM AND IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors: AL BATHISH MALAK Y. , GAZY AZZA A. , EL JAMAL MARWA K.
Published: February 2020

Objective: To develop and validate new, selective spectrophotometric colorimetric analytical methods for the quantification of methimazole in its pure form and in its pharmaceutical preparations.

Methods: Method A is based on the oxidation of methimazole with potassium permanganate in alkaline medium, the manganate ion produced was measured at λmax= 610 nm. Method B is a kinetic determination of methimazole using fixed-time method based on the oxidation of methimazole using known excess of cerium (IV) nitrate in acidic medium and assessing the unreacted Ce (IV) by adding a fixed amount of methyl orange and measuring the absorbance of the resultant solution at λmax=507 nm which is equivalent to the unreacted methyl orange. The reaction conditions and analytical parameters are investigated and optimized. Method validation was carried out according to ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, and accuracy.

Results: Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 1.50–15.00 μg/ml for method A and 0.25–3.00 μg/ml for method B. The developed methods were subjected to the detailed validation procedure. The proposed spectrophotometric methods were applied for the determination of the methimazole in its pure form and in its pharmaceutical formulation. The percentage recoveries were found to be 100.82 % and 99.85 % in the pharmaceutical formulation for the two proposed methods, respectively.

Conclusion: Both developed spectrophotometric methods, considered as green analytical chemistry, were found to be novel, highly selective and can be applied for the quality control of methimazole in its pure form and in its pharmaceutical formulation based on the simplicity, applicability of the parameters, accessibility of the reagents employed and reasonably low time of analysis.
TRUSTING THE PHARMACIST IN DELIVERING MEDICATION INFORMATION: A COMMUNITY-BASED PERSPECTIVE
Authors: DIMASSI HANI , MAKHOUL MAGGY , KHABSA JOANNE , SAADEH MARGUERITA , SALEH SHADI
Published: February 2020

Objective: Optimal disease management is influenced by a solid patient-health provider relationship; which includes trust in the provider. The study compares respondents’ trust in pharmacists and physicians for the delivery of drug information.

Methods: Residents of 3 rural communities in Lebanon, aged 40 and above, were invited to participate in the study, 760 accepted. Participants were asked who they trust the most with information about their medication: their physician or their pharmacist.

Results: Of the total sample, 154 chose the pharmacist as their most trusted source of medication information (20%). Characteristics associated with choosing the pharmacist were: being a male (29.3% vs 16.2% p<.001), of younger age (31.5% among<50 y, 18.8% among 50-64 y, and 14.6% among 65+years p<.001), single (31.6% vs 21.9% married and 9.3 others, p=0.023), working (39.2% vs15.7% p<.001), and insured (2.3% vs 16.4% p=0.048). The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that having a family member with hypertension (OR=1.86 95% 1.23-2.82), or cardiovascular (OR=3.39 95%CI 1.55-7.45) increased the likelihood of trusting pharmacists over medical doctor. On the other hand, a self-report of cardiovascular disease (OR=0.34 95% CI 0.12-0.95) and taking medication (OR=0.41 95% CI 0.25-0.67) were associated with a decrease in the trust in the pharmacist in favor of the physician.

Conclusion: Although pharmacists are the drug specialists, the majority of the Lebanese rural community residents reported higher trust in their physicians with information about their medication(s).
STUDIES ON BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCEMENT OF CURCUMIN
Authors: KOTAGALE N. R. , CHARDE P. B. , HELONDE A. , GUPTA K. R. , UMEKAR M. J. , RAUT N. S.
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of the present work was to improve aqueous solubility and in vivo bioavailability of curcumin and structural analogues of curcumin such as potassium, calcium, magnesium salts and nitro derivative.

Methods: Structural analogues of curcumin were prepared by reaction of curcumin with potassium chloride, magnesium chloride hexahydrate and calcium chloride dihydrate in a suitable solvent. The nitro derivative synthesized by treating curcumin with sulphuric acid and nitric acid. The prepared analogues were evaluated for melting behavior, solubility, UV spectrophotometry, partition coefficient, moisture content, cellular uptake, FTIR analysis, antimicrobial activity and in vivo bioavailability in the rat.

Results: Chemical modification of curcumin increased the saturation solubility to 11.6, 16.5, 21.5, 28.0 µg/ml in calcium salt, magnesium salt, potassium salt and nitro derivative respectively, against 8.6 µg/ml of curcumin. The analogues were chemically stable as curcumin analyzed by FTIR spectrophotometry. Increased cellular uptake, as well as enhanced antimicrobial activity, was demonstrated by modified curcumin analogues. Moreover, significant improvement in plasma levels was estimated with nitro derivative.

Conclusion: The present work recommends that nitration of curcumin improves aqueous solubility which may improve absorption and in vivo bioavailability.
PRESCRIPTION ANALYSIS AND PREVALENCE OF POTENTIALLY INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATION USE IN OLDER ADULTS; AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: KUMAR N. SENTHIL , REJI GEENA K. , K. A. REEMA , S. VIJAYARANGAN , A. RAMYA
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medications and Adverse Drug Reactions in older adults and to collect doctors’ responses regarding the PIM list or any other criteria to treat older adults in India.

Methods: This was an observational study conducted in different tertiary care hospitals of two districts, Erode and Salem after obtaining approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee. A sample of 250 older adults (60 y and above) and 97 doctors were included during the study period of 6 mo from February 2019 to July 2019. Inappropriate medications were identified by using 2019 updated Beer’s criteria. The causality of the adverse events was assessed by Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale.

Results: Out of the 250 prescriptions, only 86(34.4%) of the prescriptions were appropriate and 164(65.6%) were inappropriate. The most commonly inappropriate prescribed medications were diuretics, ranitidine, and tramadol. A total of 74 ADRs was observed in 74 patients. Of these, 57(22.8%) ADRs were due to inappropriate medications listed in Beers criteria. There was a significant association between the occurrence of ADRs and the use of PIMs listed in 2019 updated Beer’s criteria [χ2 = 6.08, P = 0.013 (df = 1)].

Conclusion: The study shows that there is a high prevalence of inappropriate medications and adverse drug reactions in hospitalized older adults. Beer’s criteria can be used as a guideline by the physicians while prescribing the drugs to the geriatric population.
A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW AND AUDIT OF REAL WORLD DATA TO INFORM THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENTAL ILL-HEALTH AND TYPE-2 DIABETES FAVOURABLE PROGNOSIS
Authors: BIBI NASREEM , WARA BAHTA , MUGHAL SAQIB , MORRISSEY HANA , BALL PATRICK
Published: February 2020

Objective: The aim of this scoping study was to identify gaps in the current literature and understand the T2DM and MIH comorbidity trends in the local population from the West Midlands, UK to inform future studies.
Methods: This project was a scoping study of two parts; a critical review and a clinical audit. A thematic approach was used to group studies based on their overall study outcome. The clinical audit data was used to compare the local patient population to the patterns identified in the literature reviewed.
Results: The reviewed studies reported a relationship between T2DM control and both depression and anxiety, but did not agree on its significance. The clinical audit of 71 patients diagnosed with T2DM showed that 73% of males presented with poor diabetes control (HbA1c>7) compared to females (46%). Conversely, females exhibited a higher prevalence of MIH (45%) compared to males (31%).
Conclusion: From both this audit of the literature and local data, it remains unclear whether mental-ill health is a major driver for medication non-adherence behaviour and uncontrolled diabetes. Further studies are recommended to further understand this comorbidity.
THE CONTEXT OF ARCHIPELAGO TRADITIONAL CAKE TO EXPLORE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING IN INTEGERS DIVISION CLASS VII
Authors: Nuraida Elis Muslimah , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra
Published: February 2020

This study aims to explore the students’ mathematical understanding in integer division operation through the context of archipelago traditional cakes in class VII. This research is related to the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Approach (PMRI) as a learning approach used. The methodology used in this study is Design Research consisting of three stages: preliminary design, experimental design, and retrospective analysis. The study was conducted on VII grade students of Palembang 1 Junior High School. The learning path (Hypothetical Learning Trajectory) in design research plays an important role as a research design and instrument. The Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) was developed together with a series of activities using the context of archipelago traditional cakes such as: omelette roll, bakpia, milk pie, etc. The medium used in this study was the Students’ Activity Sheet. The results of this study indicate that exploration using the context of traditional archipelago cakes can help students understanding in multiplication and division of integers. The conclusion of this study is the use of archipelago traditional cakes as starting point in mathematics learning in integer division operation material helps the students to explore their understanding in solving mathematics problems.
The Problem of Internally Displaced Persons in Ethiopia in the Context of 2020 Parliamentary Elections
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir G. , Kassae Nigusie V. Mikael
Published: February 2020

In 2019, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiyah Ahmed won the Nobel peace prize. His government is praised for releasing political prisoners, partially opening Ethiopia's political space to the opposition, and making peace with neighboring Eritrea. At the same time, in recent years nearly 3 million people have fled their homes in Ethiopia, mainly because of ethnic violence. Human rights organizations accuse the country's authorities of forcing people to return to their homes, where many still do not feel safe. In 2018 and 2019 alone, more than a million Ethiopians were forced from their homes by ethnic violence. Ethiopia currently ranks first in the world in the number of internally displaced persons. The authors analyze the controversial socio-political situation in Ethiopia in the context of the upcoming parliamentary elections in 2020.
The Concept of Populism in Modern Anglo-Saxon and German Political Science
Authors: Meshcheryakov Dmitry Y.
Published: February 2020

The article examines and compares main approaches to defining populism in modern Anglo-Saxon and German political science. The author points out some similarities between two schools: increasing interest of research communities in the USA, United Kingdom and Germany in examining right-wing populism due to the electoral success of right-wing populist parties. Furthermore, among the key features of populism, both schools see the allusion to “the will of the people”, as well as juxtaposition of “the people” against “the elite”. The article emphasizes the existing reciprocal influence of the two research traditions. On the other hand, the author outlines certain differences in the two schools’ approach to populism, such as historical dissimilarities in its interpretation (in the USA the concept used to bear a more “neutral” character, while in German political science, due to the Nazi regime carryover, it was regarded mostly negatively for a long time). Also, German academic works on populism have applied rather than theoretical nature and aim at stopping the expansion of the phenomenon.
DISTRIBUSI VEKTOR DAN POTENSI PENULARAN MALARIA DI PAPUA BARAT PADA BERBAGAI EKOSISTEM
Authors: Setiyaningsih Riyani , Prihatin Mega Tyas , Mujiyono Mujiyono , Garjito Triwibowo Ambar , Widiarti Widiarti
Published: February 2020

Anopheles farauti, Anopheles brancofti, Anopheles punctulatus, and Anopheles koliensis are confirmed as malaria vectors in West Papua. The distribution of vectors and their potency as malaria transmission differs in each ecosystem. The aim of this research was to investigate the distribution of vectors and their potency as malaria transmission found in various ecosystem. Mosquitoes were caught  by human landing collection method, Animal-Baited Trap, and livestock-baited trap. The larval surveillance was conducted in places that have potential as breeding place for Anopheles spp. Sampling sites were conducted in Manokwari, Fak-fak and Raja Ampat districts. Each District of mosquito and larva fishing is conducted in forest ecosystem near settlement, remote forest settlement, non forest near settlement, non forest remote settlement, beach near settlement and coastal remote settlement. The result of the study demonstrated that An. farauti, An. longirostris and An. punctulatus were positive from plasmodium caught in the beach near settlement, in the remote forest settlement and in non-forest near settlement ecosystems of Manokwari Regency, respectively. Anopheles farauti caught in non-forest near settlement ecosystem of Raja Ampat Regency was also found to be positive from plasmodium. However, none mosquitoes and larvae caught in Fak-fak Regency was positive. It is concluded that those mosquitoes caught in Manokwari and Raja Ampat Regency might act as vectors of Malaria.
PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS FASILITATOR SURVEILANS VEKTOR DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI KOTA SALATIGA
Authors: Pujiyanti Aryani , Setiyaningsih Riyani , Trapsilowati Wiwik , Irawan Anggi Septia , Hidajat Muhammad Choirul
Published: February 2020

Distribution of  Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever case in Salatiga in 2011 - 2015 showed wide expansion of the case. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Salatiga in collaboration with B2P2VRP performed capacity building of vector surveillance facilitators using interactive method as an early warning system response to the spread of DHF transmission. Facilitators were cadres and teachers who were expected to optimize larval monitoring activities in family and at school. The stydy objective was to measure level of knowledge of facilitators before and after receiving capacity building activities. Research was conducted at Kelurahan Gendongan and Tingkir Tengah with data collection in February - September 2014. The research was an intervention study with one group pre-post test without control design. The result showed that capacity building could increase knowledge of both the facilitator (PSN cadres and teachers) before and after the intervention. There was no difference of post test knowledge level between cadre group and teacher. Capacity building activities with interactive methods can increase participants' knowledge with different educational background. The health office was recommended to use interactive methods in refreshing DBD vector surveillance materials on cadres and teachers to improve the sustainability of community participation in other kelurahan in larva surveys.
PENGARUH FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI SPESIES NYAMUK TERKONFIRMASI VIRUS Japanese encephalitis DI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Yahya Yahya , Salim Milana , Santoso Santoso
Published: February 2020

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the zoonotic arbovirus diseases through mosquito bitescauses brain inflammation in humans,mental disability,that can ultimately lead to death. Each year there are about 50,000 cases of JE in Asia with 10,000 deaths. The incidence of Japanese encephalitis in humans has never been reported in South Sumatra. Further analysis to see the effect of temperature, air humidity, wind speed, and weather conditions to the density of mosquito confirmed of JE virus in South Sumatera Province. The method used in this advanced analysis is to submit a data request to the data management of the Research and Development Agency through submission of a data set request. Instruments in this further analysis are Form N-01 (Mosquito Ecosystem), Form N-02 (Human Feed), Form N-03 (Animal Feed), Form N-04 (Animal Baited Trap Net) Vectora Special Research 2015. Analysis data is done by using linear regression test. Temperature is an environmental factor that affects the density of JE positive mosquitoes in theLahat and OKI District. Air humidity and wind speed are environmental factors that only affect mosquito density in OKI,weather conditions only affect the density of mosquitoes in Lahat Regency. The greatest correlation factor with the density of mosquitoes is wind speed(r=0,79).
BIOEKOLOGI VEKTOR MALARIA PADA BERBAGAI EKOSISTEM DI KABUPATEN DONGGALA, PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Setiyaningsih Riyani , Lasmiati Lasmiati , Mujiyono Mujiyono , Prihatin Mega Tyas , Priyanto Heru , Maksud Moulanda , Srikandi Yuyun , Risti Risti , Martiningsih Ika , Widiarti Widiarti , Garjito Triwibowo Ambar
Published: February 2020

Central Sulawesi is one of the malaria-endemic areas in Indonesia. Anopheles nigerrimus, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles parangensis, Anopheles flavirostris and Anopheles minimus were confirmed as malaria vectors. Researchers believed that there might have a distinctly different distribution and diversity of the vectors in different ecosystems. The purpose of the current study was to investigate and analyze the distribution and diversity of suspected malaria vectors (Anopheles spp.) in various ecosystems. Adult mosquitoes were collected using some methods e.g. human man landing method, animal baited trap, mosquito caught around the cage, using sweep net and the light trap. The sporozoites of Plasmodium infecting the caught mosquitoes were identified and examined using PCR. In addition, a survey on potential breeding sites of the mosquitoes. Based on the survey results, the mosquitoes species caught in the non-forest ecosystems near the settlements and positively infected by Plasmodium were An. ludlowae, An. flavirostris, and An. vagus. Meanwhile, the malaria vectors caught in the non-forest ecosystems far from the settlements were An. maculatus and An. subpictus. The results also demonstrated that An. barbirostris was detected as a malaria vector in the coastal area near the settlement. The ponds, rivers and fish farms were potential breeding sites for the mosquitoes. The suspected malaria vectors (Anopheles spp) spread throughout ecosystems e.g. forests, non-forests and coasts. The high risk of ecosystems for malaria transmission was the non-forest ecosystems near the settlements, the non-forest far away from the settlements, and the coasts near the settlements.
PENGETAHUAN PETUGAS KESEHATAN DAN LINTAS SEKTOR TENTANG LEPTOSPIROSIS DI KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Pujiyanti Aryani , Wicaksono Putro Dimas Bagus , Mulyono Arief
Published: February 2020

Leptospirosis control in Pati Regency cannot rely on the general health sector alone, however, it is needed collaboration between the cross-program in leptospirosis control and the relevant sectors. This study aimed to describe the level of leptospirosis knowledge of the health and the cross-sectors officers in Pati Regency, Central Java Province through the assessment activity. A cross-sectional method was used in the present study. A total of 32 people consisting of the  the health and the cross-sectors officers was used as research subjects. They attended the dissemination of leptospirosis held in April 2018 . The instrument used was a questionnaire and the data collection was performed using the questionnaire technique. The data were analyzed descriptively using fisher exact analysis.  The results showed that most respondents had a good level of leptospirosis knowledge. There was no significant positive correlation between resondents' knowledge with age, education level, gender, and type of institution. Respondents understood that environmental factors and the presence of rats played a major role in leptospirosis transmission in Pati District. However, most respondents were lack of knowledge on the role of non-rats as leptospirosis reservoirs. The knowledge of leptospirosis prevention was focused on on self-protecting against bacterial contact from the environment  rather than efforts of rodents control and the use of gloves when treating animals. The District Health Office is recommended to provide the health education on leptospirosis issues for both the cross programs and across sectors officer, particularly how to control rats and the role of non-rats as   leptospirosis reservoirs.
EFIKASI Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 ISOLAT SALATIGA SEDIAAN CAIR TERHADAP JENTIK Aedes aegypti DENGAN BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI SALINITAS AIR
Authors: Nugroho Arief , Wianto Rendro , Wardhani Arum Trias , Rahardianingtyas Esti
Published: February 2020

Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu penyakit tular vektor yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Pengendalian jentik nyamuk vektor menggunakan Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti H-14) merupakan salah satu biolarvisida alternatif. Akan tetapi, kendala Bti adalah bahwa toksisitas Bti dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui apakah perbedaan konsentrasi salinitas air mempengaruhi Bti H-14 isolat Salatiga dalam patogenitasnya terhadap jentik Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini adalah laboratorium eksperimental dengan rancangan post test only group control design. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat Bti H-14 isolat Salatiga sediaan cair, menghitung jumlah sel dan spora serta mengujikan Bti H-14 dengan konsentrasi kadar garam terhadap jentik Aedes aegypti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sediaan cair memiliki jumlah sel 2,60 x 107 sel/ml dan jumlah spora 2,42 x 107 sel/ml. Hasil patogenitas menunjukkan air yang diberi garam masih menunjukkan kematian >80% setelah paparan 24 jam walaupun tidak mencapai 100% dibandingkan dengan air tanpa garam. Hal ini menunjukkan perbedaan kadar salinitas air yang diuji tidak berpengaruh pada toksisitas Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 sediaan cair terhadap jentik Aedes aegypti
DETEKSI VIRUS HEPATITIS E (HEV) DAN HANTAVIRUS PADA INANG RESERVOIR (TIKUS) DI KABUPATEN KLATEN DAN KENDAL, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Mulyono Arief , Sari Tika Fiona , Ristiyanto Ristiyanto , Yuliadi Bernadus , Royandi Edi , Pratiwi Ayu Pradipta
Published: February 2020

Rats are animal reservoirs and harbours of several zoonotic pathogens diseases in humans. At least, there are 68 viruses of zoonotic agents that can be transmitted by rats. Two common types of viruses attackinghumans are Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Hantavirus. Early detection of those viruses is fundamentally required in order to prevent disease transmissions to humans. The aim of the study was to detect and count the percentage of rats infected by HEV and Hantavirus in Kendal and Klaten Districts, Central Java Province. The research design used in this study was descriptive design with cross-sectional approach. The target population was rats distributed in Klaten and Kendal Districts. In addition, the research subject was trapped rats. Detection of Hantavirus was carried out using ELISA method and detection of HEV was conducted using nested reverse transcription PCR (nested RT-PCR). A total of 73 rats was successfully captured consisting of 2 genus and 4 species e.g. Rattus novergicus, R. tanezumi, R. tiomanicus and Bandicota indica. The trapped rats infected by HEV were 3.7% and 41.3% for Klaten and Kendal, respectively. However, the seropositive of Hantavirus was only found in Kendal District (20.5%). Rat control is necessary to prevent transmission of HEV and Hantavirus.
The historical shrub roses in urban green areas
Authors: Monder Marta
Published: February 2020

Parkowe róże historyczne w przestrzeni miejskiej. Tradycja uprawy róż sięga czasów antycznych i do dziś są one jedną z najważniejszych roślin ozdobnych. Liczne gatunki i odmiany starszego pochodzenia mają duże walory dekoracyjne, a ponadto spełniają warunki stawiane roślinom przeznaczonym do sadzenia w mieście: są bardzo odporne na warunki zimowe i rosną dobrze na własnych korzeniach; tolerują upały oraz susze; są wystarczająco odporne na choroby i szkodniki; mają zróżnicowane i nieduże wymagania glebowe; „czysto" przekwitają; mają niewielkie wymagania pielęgnacyjne sprzyjające ograniczeniu nakładów finansowych. Istotny jest ich udział w ekosystemach miejskich: gęste i kolczaste krzewy róż stanowią schronienie, a pseudo-owoce pożywienie dla ptaków i małych ssaków; nektar i pyłek kwiatowy wabią owady. W Polsce nie ma tradycji stosowania róż historycznych w zieleni publicznej. Możliwy odpowiedni dobór róż historycznych o wymienionych korzystnych cechach dotyczy terenów zurbanizowanych, w tym na przydroża, do zieleńców i parków, a przede wszystkim do założeń historycznych i zabytkowych. Wiele róż z tej grupy jest zalecanych do założeń o charakterze naturalistycznym. Wśród nich są taksony odpowiednie do stosowania w nasadzeń rabatowych, grupowych, jako żywopłoty nieformowane, do kompozycji z innymi gatunkami roślin na stanowiskach słonecznych lub częściowo zacienionych.
Optimizing preservation strategies for deteriorating items with time-varying holding cost and stock-dependent demand
Authors: Khanna Aditi , Priyamvada P , Jaggi Chandra
Published: February 2020

Organizations are keen on rethinking and optimizing their existing inventory strategies so as to attain profitability. The phenomenon of deterioration is a common phenomenon while managing any inventory system. However, it could become a major challenge for the business if not dealt carefully. An investment in preservation technology is by far the most inuential move towards dealing with deterioration proficiently. Additionally, it is noticed that the demand pattern of many products is reliant on its availability and usability. Thus, considering demand of the product to be ?stock-dependent" is a more practical approach. Further, in case of deteriorating items, it is observed that the longer an item stays in the system the higher is its holding cost. Therefore, the model assumes the holding cost to be time varying. Hence, the proposed framework aims to develop an inventory model for deteriorating items with stock-dependent demand and time-varying holding cost under an investment in preservation technology. The objective is to determine the optimal investment in preservation technology and the optimal cycle length so as to minimize the total cost. Numerical example with various special cases have been discussed which signifies the effect of preservation technology investment in controlling the loss due to deterioration. Finally, the effect of key model features on the optimal solution is studied through sensitivity analysis which provides some important managerial implications.
PENGISI DAYA BATERAI TELEPON SELULER PORTABEL BERBASIS PANEL SURYA
Authors: Ariawan Ketut Udy
Published: February 2020

Panel surya atau sering disebut solar cell merupakan suatu alat atau komponen yang terdiri dari sel surya yang mampu mengubah cahaya matahari menjadi energi listrik. Panel surya ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pembangkit listrik mini, salah satunya sebagai pengisi daya baterai telepon seluler yang dapat digunakan dimana saja dan kapan saja. Panel surya yang digunakan memiliki spesifikasi tegangan 5 Volt, daya 1.2 Watt, arus 240 mA, dan memiliki dimensi ukuran 11 x 7 cm. Buck boost step down converter yang digunakan memiliki spesifikasi tegangan input 5-32 Volt, tegangan output 1.2-35 Volt, dan menggunakan chip XL6009. Rangkaian modul pengisi daya baterai yang digunakan seri TP4056 Li-ion dengan spesifikasi tegangan input 4.5-5.5 Volt. Rangkaian modul USB yang digunakan memiliki spesifikasi tegangan input 6-40 Volt, dan tegangan output 5 Volt. Pada pengisi daya baterai telepon seluler portabel ini, sinar matahari mendorong solar cell mengeluarkan tegangan untuk mengisi sebuah baterai yang bertujuan menyimpan tegangan dari solar cell. Output dari solar cell maksimal 5 VDC dan output dari baterai maksimal 3.7 VDC dengan menggunakan buckboost converter, output dari rangkaian menjadi 5 VDC. Intensitas cahaya matahari sangat mempengaruhi output tegangan solar cell. Intensitas cahaya matahari terbesar terjadi pada pukul 12.00 Wita, dengan rata-rata intensitas cahaya yang diperoleh sebesar 63.000 Candela menghasilkan tegangan sebesar ± 5.3 Volt dan arus sebesar ± 0.06 Ampere. Dari hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh waktu pengisian daya baterai telepon seluler, yaitu 2 jam 10 menit. Kapasitas baterai pengisi daya berada pada level 1 strip, yang mampu mengisi kapasitas baterai telepon seluluer hingga 29%.
Efficiency of the gynecologic malignancies identification measures at the level of primary health care
Authors: Bochkova A.G. , Domozhirova A.S. , Aksenova I.A.
Published: February 2020

In Russia, for more than 10 years, within the framework of national projects, the activities have been carried out aimed at restructuring of the primary and specialized (including high-tech) medical care, as well as strengthening of primary health care directed at early detection of malignant neoplasms. The study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the patient examination rooms for women in improvement of the adjusted cumulative survival of patients with gynecologic malignancies detected actively in 2005–2015 in the Chelyabinsk Region. Using the Population Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) of the Chelyabinsk Region database, the adjusted cumulative survival calculation for patients with cervical cancer (389), uterine corpus cancer (373) and ovarian cancer (161) detected actively in the patient examination rooms of the Chelyabinsk Region (treatment group), as well as for cervical cancer (395), uterine corpus cancer (380) and ovarian cancer (163) detected in patients who sought medical assistance (control group), was performed for the first time. The staging of cervical cancer detected in the examination rooms in 2010–2017 was characterized by the high proportion of I/II stage tumors compared with the rest of patients’ population of the Chelyabinsk Region (an average of 50.8 and 46.1% respectively). For uterine corpus cancer the average proportion was 85.5 and 82.0% respectively, and for ovarian cancers it was 42.0 and 37.4% respectively. Analysis of the PBCR of the Chelyabinsk Region for a 10-year period revealed the 5-year adjusted cumulative survival improvement in the actively detected cervical cancer patients compared to the control group (62.3 and 55.8%) respectively (p = 0.11). In patients with uterine corpus cancer, it was 82.0% for the main group and 70.4% for the control group (p = 0.001). In ovarian cancer patients, no significant differences in the 5-year adjusted cumulative survival were observed (47.5% in the main group, 43.2% in the control group) (p = 0.49). Thus, the patient examination rooms are the effective model of the cancer secondary prevention available in the Chelyabinsk Region.
Interaksi Antara Zat Aktif dan Eksipien dalam Sediaan Farmasi
Authors: Alfaridz Faizal , Musfiroh Ida
Published: February 2020

Perkembangan formula pada sediaan farmasi semakin pesat terbukti dengan adanya bentuk sediaan baru serta campuran eksipien pendukung yang rumit. Pengembangan suatu formula tidaklah mudah karena perlu bertahun-tahun agar mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Salah satu permasalahan dalam pengembangan formula adalah interaksi yang terjadi pada formula tersebut, terutama pada zat aktif dengan eksipien  maupun degradannya. Interaksi yang terjadi dapat berupa interaksi fisika seperti pembentukan kompleks, adsorpsi dan dispersi solida ; sedangkan untuk interaksi kimia seperti reaksi Maillard, dan transesterifikasi. Pada studi pustaka ini akan dibahas bagaimana interaksi tersebut terjadi antara zat aktif-eksipien pada sediaan farmasi.Kata Kunci : Degradan, Interaksi Fisika, Interaksi Kimia.
El seminario encore: enunciación y teoría
Authors: Passoni Marcelo
Published: February 2020

Hace más de cincuenta años que el pensamiento lacaniano comenzó a ser estudiado en la Argentina. Forma parte de la bibliografía obligatoria en las facultades de Psicología, sobre todo en las cátedras de psicopatología o seminarios de psicoanálisis francés. También, la mayor parte de las instituciones psicoanalíticas o los grupos de estudio se inscriben en la enseñanza lacaniana. Como consecuencia, una gran cantidad de revistas especializadas, libros e investigaciones la tienen como referencia teórica. Con respecto a los Seminarios dictados por Lacan, hay una discusión importante sobre el establecimiento del texto realizado por J-A Miller que es considerado el oficial. Estas discusiones han dado origen a otras versiones no oficiales del Seminario. Sin embargo, los problemas de traducción de una obra de tal complejidad no han sido abordados con la misma profundidad y sistematicidad que la dedicada a la teoría. Este artículo es el resultado provisorio de una primera aproximación a la comparación de los registros en audio del Seminario Encore, la versión oficial publicada en francés, y dos traducciones en castellano. A partir de este análisis, se evidencia la importancia del discurso oral de Lacan entendido como epideixis y su estrecha relación con la teoría. El concepto de intraducible, frente a algunos impasses de la traducción, sobre todo en las homonimias, sirve para poner en evidencia el exquisito uso que Lacan hace de la lengua francesa y su impacto en la comprensión y desarrollo de los conceptos en juego.
El mérito y su impacto dentro del actual sistema de selección de magistrados federales
Authors: Stinco Juan R.
Published: February 2020

El presente trabajo pretende relevar la relevancia del des­empeño de los postulantes para los cargos de magistrados federales en las designaciones. A tales efectos se procede a definir el “mérito” en función de los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas de oposición y la calificación de los antecedentes. Esta indagación se relaciona con un trabajo precedente (“Las reformas del sistema de administración de justicia y los procesos de selección de magistrados”, Revista Derechos en Acción, Año 4, Nº 12, Invierno 2019 (21 junio a 20 septiembre), 609-707, ISSN 2525-1678/ e-ISSN 2525-1686) constituyendo una profundización de la investigación.
Programa de investigación-acción sobre Ministerio Público de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Autonomía de la Defensa; representación del interés público ante conflictos de intereses y defensa de los derechos económicos, sociales, culturales y ambientales
Authors: Cabral Pablo Octavio , Villegas María Cecilia Rita , Moreno Guillermo Raúl , Sucunza Matías Alejandro , Medici Alejandro
Published: February 2020

El presente programa de investigación acción del Centro de Investigación en Derecho Critico -CIDERCRIT- de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, tiene por objeto abordar la problemática del “Ministe­rio Público de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Autonomía de la defensa; representación del interés público ante conflicto de intereses y defensa de los Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales ante el Fuero Contencioso Administrativo pro­vincial”. Los contornos institucionales del Ministerio Público de la Provincia de Buenos Aires se encuentran desdibujados por una incompatibilidad de su regulación constitucional local con el sistema nacional e internacional de protección de Derechos Humanos, y por la existencia de una incertidumbre respecto del régimen normativo vigente.
Para un debate sobre los derechos colectivos de los pueblos en acción
Authors: Di Nella Dino , Maitini Fernando , Giordana Patricia , Calvet Clara Camps , Casals Pablo , Ibáñez Victoria
Published: February 2020

Este texto, pretende presentar y contribuir a la conformación de una sección especial dentro de la Revista ReDeA. Derechos en Acción, prevista a partir de su número 15, de otoño de 2020. Se trata de una sección especial sobre Pluralismo Jurídico, Pueblos y Estados, para la Revista Derechos en Acción (ReDeA), propuesta a instancias del Programa Memorias, Pueblos y Estados, dependiente de la Secretaría de Relaciones Institucionales y radicado en el Centro de Investigación en derecho Crítico, de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales de la Universidad nacional de La Plata, que empezó a gestarse en el año 2018, con la colaboración de diversos miembros del CIDer­Crit, y el patrocinio y apoyo del Colectivo de Acción Jurídica, Social y Cultural Copolis-Adalquí (Sede Atlántica de la Universidad Nacional de Río Negro/Fundación Adalquí), el Col·lectiu de Solidaritat amb els Països Catalans, y el Grupo Interuniversitario Copolis. Bienestar, Comunidad y Control Social (Universidad de Barcelona).
Entrevista a Nicolás Kreplak
Authors: DeA º 13 Re
Published: February 2020

Entrevista a Nicolás Kreplak, médico sanitarista por la Universidad de Buenos Aires, ex vice Ministro de Salud de la Nación, presidente de la Fundación Soberanía Sanitaria y –recientemente- documentalista.
URGENSI PERATURAN DAERAH DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA
Authors: Massi Randy Atma R.
Published: February 2020

The formation of laws and regulations, must determine the rules for the formation of invitation regulations or statutory regulations (gesetzgebungslehre), which are approved by the juridists. Every legal product must have a legal juridical basis (juridische gelding). This juridical basis is very important in making special laws and regulations. In addition, the relevant Regional Regulation will also provide legal umbrella / legal certainty for stakeholders (executive, legislative, vertical institutions, community, and other parties) who are involved directly or indirectly in the involvement. In order to provide protection to the people in the regions from natural disasters, non-natural disasters and social disasters.
IMPLIKASI PUTUSAN VERSTEK PADA PEMANGGILAN PARA PIHAK
Authors: Hanafi Suhri , Arief Ahmad
Published: February 2020

Summons in the civil procedural law is to submit to the parties formally and properly related to the case in court, in the delivery procedure of a summons once the parties are not found, then the village head or Lurah is given the mandate to deliver it to the litigant. The results of research conducted on the village in Palu do not even have a procedure for accepting and submitting willingly, it is caused by the ignorance of the village regarding the obligation to submit summons, besides the village feels has no interest in the bailiff’s primary task. Analysis of village’s legal responsibility in the summoning function can be categorized as collective responsibility on the subject side, whereas from the other side, object side, it is a type of absolute accountability.
HUKUM GADAI DALAM ISLAM DAN PRAKTEKNYA DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Sofyan A. Syathir
Published: February 2020

The main problem of this research is how Islam views the Pasanra (pawn) implementation system. This type of research is qualitative The data source of this research is books and literature related to the problem of this topic. The results of the discussion showed that the Pasanra (pawning) system of a pawner (rahin) came to the pawn recipient (murtahin) to borrow money to meet the needs of the garden as collateral. The right to control / use the estate is in the hands of the pawner (murtahin) until the repayment of the debt. Debt payments do not know the time limit and the contract ends when the pawner (rahin) pays the debt according to the amount of money borrowed.
TINJAUAN KRIMONOLOGI EKSPLOITASI SEKSUAL PADA ANAK
Authors: Musaddiq Nur Wahid
Published: February 2020

Sexual exploitation of children is a violation of children in the form of sexual violence committed by adults by giving rewards to children, or a third person, or other people who make children treated as sexual and commercial objects. This is forced labor and modern slavery of children because children often experience physical violence and trauma. Factors that cause sexual exploitation of children in Makassar City are environmental factors, technological factors and factors, economic factors, lack of understanding of religion and prevention efforts are carried out in two ways, namely pre-emptive, preventive and repressive measures. Recommendations that the government and the whole community participate in preventing sexual exploitation of children. Efforts that can be done by the community is if there is anything suspicious and should be suspected as a crime of sexual exploitation, the community must report to the authorities so that it can be followed up.