bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All Solid Photonic Crystal Fiber Enabled by 3D Printing Fiber Technology for Sensing of Multiple Parameters
Authors: Luo Yanhua , Chu Yushi , Wang Jiaying , Fu Xinghu , Canning John , Cao Yang , Pan Haoyu , Zhang Yongxiang , Zhang Jianzhong , Yan Binbin , Wen Jianxiang , Wang Tingyun , Sun Xiaohong , Peng Gang‐Ding
Published: May 2024

Using the flexibility and diversity of material and structure designs possible with 3D printing fiber technology, an all‐solid photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is fabricated using borate (B2O3) doping. The geometry, material, and optical properties of this 3D printed PCF are characterized and analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fiber index profilometry, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy. Analysis demonstrates that B2O3 doped in fabricated PCF has experienced evaporation leading to mass loss during drawing. In addition, there is no observable difference between the structure of substrate silica (SiO2) and the SiO2 nanoparticles. However, microdomain differences may explain enhanced reflectance. Furthermore, a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor is constructed with this 3D printed solid PCF and applied to temperature, refractive index, tensile force, and bending sensing. The specially designed 3D printed PCF has maximum temperature sensitivity up to Δλ/ΔT ≈0.075 nm °C−1. When immersed in 76.34 wt.% glycerol‐water solution, the sensitivity can be further improved. These results demonstrate that 3D printing fiber technology enables the custom fabrication of highly sensitive optical fiber sensors, increasing opportunities for the development of diverse and flexible sensors and devices for future internet‐of‐things (IoT) applications.
A national pilot study on simulation‐based upstander training for emergency medicine clinicians
Authors: Mundo William , Vaughn Jordan , Odetunde Adetoriola , Donovan Tai , Alvarez Al'ai , Smith Kristyn , Brown Cortlyn , Brown Italo , Datta Suchismita , Vora Samreen , Ward‐Gaines Jacqueline
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study assesses the effectiveness of clinical simulation‐based training in boosting self‐perceived confidence for using upstander communication skills to confront racism, discrimination, and microaggressions (RDM).

Methods

We conducted an observational cohort study with emergency medicine professionals at the 2023 Scientific Assembly of the American Academy of Emergency Medicine in New Orleans, Louisiana. The study featured a clinical simulation‐based training on upstander communications skills session followed by small‐ and large‐group debriefs. Participants completed pre‐ and post‐training questionnaires assessing demographics and confidence in health equity competencies. This survey was used in a previous study with emergency medicine residents. Data were analyzed using an independent Student's t‐test, with a significance threshold of 0.05.

Results

Thirty‐two individuals participated in the simulation‐based training, and 24 completed surveys, with a 75% response rate. Most participants were non‐Hispanic (24, 85.7%) and women (18, 64%), with racial demographics mostly White (8, 28.6%), Black or African American (8, 28.6%), and Asian (6, 21.4%). After the workshop, there was a notable increase in self‐perceived ability and confidence in identifying RDM (from 7 ± 3.2 to 8.6 ± 1.6, p < 0.003), using upstander communication tools (from 6.1 ± 3.5 to 8.5 ± 1, p < 0.0001), and the likelihood of intervening in RDM situations (from 7.1 ± 3.3 to 8.8 ± 1.1, p < 0.0002).

Conclusions

The clinical simulation‐based training significantly improved participants' confidence and self‐perceived ability to address RDM in simulated clinical environments. This training method is a promising tool for teaching health equity topics in clinical medicine.
Synthesis of Sulfenamides from Benzoazole‐2‐thiones with Primary and Secondary Amines using Triphenylbismuth Dichloride‐Mediated S−N Bond Formation Reaction
Authors: Koyanagi Arisu , Murata Yuki , Matsumura Mio , Yasuike Shuji
Published: May 2024

A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of sulfenamides with an S−N bond, which have attracted attention as industrial reagents and biologically active substances, is described herein. The reactions of benzoazole‐2‐thiones with various primary or secondary amines in the presence of triphenylbismuth dichloride at 60 °C in DMSO under aerobic conditions afforded the corresponding sulfenamides in moderate‐to‐excellent yields. This reaction is the first example of an efficient S−N bond formation reaction utilizing a low‐toxicity pentavalent organobismuth reagent under mild reaction conditions. The reaction will likely be applied to develop bioactive compounds with medicinal value or compounds with industrial utility.
Prevalence of sacroiliac joint fusion in females and males depending on parity status
Authors: Aulds Meredith
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Previous research shows that sacroiliac (SI) joint fusion is age and sex dependent. Older individuals—specifically starting in the fifth or sixth decade of life—are more likely to develop SI fusion. Females have a lower frequency of SI joint fusion than males, perhaps due to pregnancy or parturition. This study examines the relationship between SI joint fusion with both sex and parity status in females. The issue is whether the prevalence of SI fusion in nulliparous females is more similar to that of males or parous females.

Materials and Methods

The sample consists of 46 nulliparous females, 119 parous females, and 158 males from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. Ages of the individuals ranged from 50 to 89 years. Sex, age, and parity status were self‐reported.

Results

The frequency of SI joint fusion is significantly different among males (13.29%), nulliparous females (6.52%), and parous females (0.84%). Pairwise comparison of the three groups for SI joint fusion shows that parous females and males are significantly different, but nulliparous females are nonsignificantly different from parous females and males.

Discussion

Parity status does not appear to be a factor in the sexually dimorphic nature of SI joint fusion in this sample. Rather, biomechanical and hormonal factors may have a greater contribution to higher rates of SI joint fusion in males than females.
Design and Evolution of an Enzyme for the Asymmetric Michael Addition of Cyclic Ketones to Nitroolefins by Enamine Catalysis
Authors: Zhu Zhixi , Hu Qinru , Fu Yi , Tong Yingjia , Zhou Zhi
Published: May 2024

Consistent introduction of novel enzymes is required for developing efficient biocatalysts for challenging biotransformations. Absorbing catalytic modes from organocatalysis may be fruitful for designing new‐to‐nature enzymes with novel functions. Herein we report a newly designed artificial enzyme harboring a catalytic pyrrolidine residue that catalyzes the asymmetric Michael addition of cyclic ketones to nitroolefins through enamine activation with high efficiency. Diverse chiral γ‐nitro cyclic ketones with two stereocenters were efficiently prepared with excellent stereoselectivity (up to 97 % e.e., >20 : 1 d.r.) and good yield (up to 86 %). This work provides an efficient biocatalytic strategy for cyclic ketone functionalization, and highlights the usefulness of artificial enzymes for extending biocatalysis to further non‐natural reactions.
Amorphous FeSnOx Nanosheets with Hierarchical Vacancies for Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Sun Wu , Hou Junyu , Zhou Yunlei , Zhu Tianke , Yuan Qunyao , Wang Shaolei , Manshaii Farid , Song Changsheng , Lei Xingyu , Wu Xiaoyan , Kim Hern , Yu Yi , Xiao Chuanxiao , Zhang Hongjun , Song Yun , Sun Dalin , Jia Binbin , Zhou Guangmin , Zhao Jie
Published: May 2024

Room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT Na−S) batteries, noted for their low material costs and high energy density, are emerging as a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in various applications including power grids and standalone renewable energy systems. These batteries are commonly assembled with glass fiber membranes, which face significant challenges like the dissolution of polysulfides, sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics, and the growth of Na dendrites. Here, we develop an amorphous two‐dimensional (2D) iron tin oxide (A‐FeSnOx) nanosheet with hierarchical vacancies, including abundant oxygen vacancies (Ovs) and nano‐sized perforations, that can be assembled into a multifunctional layer overlaying commercial separators for RT Na−S batteries. The Ovs offer strong adsorption and abundant catalytic sites for polysulfides, while the defect concentration is finely tuned to elucidate the polysulfides conversion mechanisms. The nano‐sized perforations aid in regulating Na ions transport, resulting in uniform Na deposition. Moreover, the strategic addition of trace amounts of Ti3C2 (MXene) forms an amorphous/crystalline (A/C) interface that significantly improves the mechanical properties of the separator and suppresses dendrite growth. As a result, the task‐specific layer achieves ultra‐light (~0.1 mg cm−2), ultra‐thin (~200 nm), and ultra‐robust (modulus=4.9 GPa) characteristics. Consequently, the RT Na−S battery maintained a high capacity of 610.3 mAh g−1 and an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9 % after 400 cycles at 0.5 C.
Photoinduced Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Three‐Component Radical 1,2‐Azidooxygenation of 1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Li Guo‐Qing , Li Zi‐Qing , Jiang Min , Zhang Zhihan , Qian Yu , Xiao Wen‐Jing , Chen Jia‐Rong
Published: May 2024

Radical‐involved multicomponent difunctionalization of 1,3‐dienes has recently emerged as a promising strategy for rapid synthesis of valuable allylic compounds in one‐pot operation. However, the expansion of radical scope and enantiocontrol remain two major challenges. Herein, we describe an unprecedented photoinduced copper‐catalyzed highly enantioselective three‐component radical 1,2‐azidooxygenation of 1,3‐dienes with readily available azidobenziodazolone reagent and carboxylic acids. This mild protocol exhibits a broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, and exceptional control over chemo‐, regio‐ and enantioselectivity, providing practical access to diverse valuable azidated chiral allylic esters. Mechanistic studies imply that the chiral copper complex is implicated as a bifunctional catalyst in both the photoredox catalyzed azidyl radical generation and enantioselective radical C−O cross‐coupling.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Bicyclobutanes with Ynamides for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted 2‐Amino‐bicyclo[2.1.1]hexenes
Authors: Hu Qian‐Qian , Wang Liu‐Yang , Chen Xing‐Hao , Geng Ze‐Xiang , Chen Jie , Zhou Ling
Published: May 2024

Synthesis of bicyclic scaffolds has gained significant attention in drug discovery due to their potential to mimic benzene bioisosteres. Here, we present a mild and scalable Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) with ynamides, yielding a diverse array of polysubstituted 2‐amino‐bicyclo[2.1.1]hexenes in good to excellent yields. These products offer valuable starting materials for the construction of novel functionalized bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction involves a nucleophilic addition of ynamides to bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, followed by an intramolecular cyclization of in situ generated enolate and keteniminium ion. We expect that these findings will encourage utilization of complex bioisosteres and foster further investigation into BCB‐based cycloaddition chemistry.
Vapor/Vapor‐Solid Interfacial Growth of Covalent Organic Framework Membranes on Alumina Hollow Fiber for Advanced Molecular Separation
Authors: Siow Wei Jian Samuel , Chong Jeng Yi , Ong Jia Hui , Kraft Markus , Wang Rong , Xu Rong
Published: May 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), known for their chemical stability and porous crystalline structure, hold promises as advanced separation membranes. However, fabricating high‐quality COF membranes, particularly on industrial‐preferred hollow fiber substrates, remains challenging. This study introduces a novel vapor/vapor‐solid (V/V−S) method for growing ultrathin crystalline TpPa‐1 COF membranes on the inner lumen surface of alumina hollow fibers (TpPa‐1/Alumina). Through vapor‐phase monomer introduction onto polydopamine‐modified alumina at 170 °C and 1 atm, efficient polymerization and crystallization occur at the confined V−S interface. This enables one‐step growth within 8 h, producing 100 nm thick COF membranes with strong substrate adhesion. TpPa‐1/Alumina exhibits exceptional stability and performance over 80 h in continuous cross‐flow organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN), with methanol permeance of about 200 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and dye rejection with molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of approximately 700 Da. Moreover, the versatile V/V−S method synthesizes two additional COF membranes (TpPa2Cl/Alumina and TpHz/Alumina) with different pore sizes and chemical environments. Adjusting the COF membrane thickness between 100–500 nm is achievable easily by varying the growth cycle numbers. Notably, TpPa2Cl/Alumina demonstrates excellent OSN performance in separating the model active pharmaceutical ingredient glycyrrhizic acid (GA) from dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), highlighting the method's potential for large‐scale industrial applications.
A Simple Organo‐Electrocatalysis System for the Chlor‐Related Industry
Authors: Yang Jiarui , Zhu Chenxi , Wang Dingsheng
Published: May 2024

Consuming a substantial quantum of energy (~165 TW h), the chlor‐alkali industry garners considerable scholarly and industrial interest, with the anode reaction involving the oxidation of chloride ions being a paramount determinant of reaction rates. While the dimensionally stable anode (DSA) displays commendable catalytic activity and longevity, they rely on precious metals and exhibit a non‐negligible side reaction in sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) production, underscoring the appeal of metal‐free alternatives. However, the molecules and systems currently available are characterized by intricate complexity and are not amenable to large‐scale production. Herein, we have successfully developed an economical and highly efficient molecular catalyst, demonstrating superior performance compared with the former organic molecules in the chloride ion oxidation process (COP) for the production of both chlorine gas (Cl2) and NaClO. The molecule of 2N only needs 92 mV to reach a current density of 1000 mA cm−2, with a small cost of only 0.002 $ g−1. Furthermore, we propose a novel mechanism underpinned by non‐covalent interactions, serving as the foundation for an innovative approach to the design of efficient anodes for the COP.
Light‐Induced Dynamic Activation of Copper/Silicon Interface for Highly Selective Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Wang Jiali , Lai Tai Ying , Lin Han‐Ting , Kuo Tsung‐Rong , Chen Hsiao‐Chien , Tseng Chun‐Sheng , Tung Ching‐Wei , Chien Chia‐Ying , Chen Hao Ming
Published: May 2024

Numerous studies have shown a fact that phase transformation and/or reconstruction are likely to occur and play crucial roles in electrochemical scenarios. Nevertheless, a decisive factor behind the diverse photoelectrochemical activity and selectivity of various copper/silicon photoelectrodes is still largely debated and missing in the community, especially the possibly dynamic behaviors of metal catalyst/semiconductor interface. Herein, through in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope, a model system of Cu nanocrystals with well‐defined facets on black p‐type silicon (BSi) is unprecedentedly demonstrated to reveal the dynamic phase transformation of forming irreversible silicide at Cu nanocrystal‐BSi interface during photoelectrocatalysis, which is validated to originate from the atomic interdiffusion between Cu and Si driven by light‐induced dynamic activation process. Significantly, the adaptive junction at Cu−Si interface is activated by an expansion of interatomic Cu−Cu distance for CO2 electroreduction, which efficiently restricts the C−C coupling pathway but strengthens the bonding with key intermediate of *CHO for CH4 yield, resulting in a remarkable 16‐fold improvement in the product ratio of CH4/C2 products and an intriguing selectivity switch. This work offers new insights into dynamic structural transformations of metal/semiconductor junction and design of highly efficient catalysts toward photosynthesis.
Lead‐Chelating Intermediate for Air‐Processed Phase‐Pure FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Shiheng , Miao Zhipeng , Yang Jing , Gu Zhenkun , Li Pengwei , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin
Published: May 2024

Formamidinium‐lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite holds promise as a prime candidate in the realm of perovskite photovoltaics. However, the photo‐active α‐FAPbI3 phase, existing as a metastable state, is observable solely at elevated temperatures and is susceptible to degradation into the δ‐phase in ambient air. Therefore, the attainment of phase‐stable α‐FAPbI3 in ambient conditions has become a crucial objective in perovskite research. Here, we proposed an efficient conversion process of PbI2 into the α‐FAPbI3 perovskites in ambient air. This conversion was facilitated by the introduction of chelating molecules, which interacted with PbI2 to form an intermediate phase. Due to the reduced formation barrier resulting from the altered reaction pathway, this stable intermediate phase transitioned directly into α‐FAPbI3 upon the deposition of the organic cation solution, effectively bypassing the formation of δ‐FAPbI3. Consequently, the ambient‐fabricated FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibited an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 25.08 %, along with a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.19 V. Furthermore, the unencapsulated devices demonstrated remarkable environmental stability. Notably, this innovative approach promises broad applicability across various chelating molecules, opening new avenues for further progress in the ambient air fabrication of FAPbI3 PSCs.
Efficient Electrosynthesis of Urea over Single‐Atom Alloy with Electronic Metal Support Interaction
Authors: Zhan Peng , Zhuang Jinjie , Yang Shuai , Li Xuechun , Chen Xuehan , Wen Tian , Lu Lu , Qin Peiyong , Han Buxing
Published: May 2024

Urea electrosynthesis from carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrate (NO3−) is an alternative approach to traditional energy‐intensive urea synthesis technology. Herein, we report a CuAu single‐atom alloy (SAA) with electronic metal support interaction (EMSI), achieving a high urea yield rate of 813.6 μg h−1 mgcat−1 at −0.94 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) and a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 45.2 % at −0.74 V vs. RHE. In situ experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrated that single‐atom Cu sites modulate the adsorption behavior of intermediate species. Bimetallic sites synergistically accelerate C−N bond formation through spontaneous coupling of *CO and *NO to form *ONCO as key intermediates. More importantly, electronic metal support interaction between CuAu SAA and CeO2 carrier further modulates electron structure and interfacial microenvironment, endowing electrocatalysts with superior activity and durability. This work constructs SAA electrocatalysts with EMSI effect to tailor C−N coupling at the atomic level, which can provide guidance for the development of C−N coupling systems.
The spread of injectate after deep serratus anterior plane and superficial parasternal intercostal plane blocks: a cadaveric dye study
Authors: Perez‐Herrero M. A. , Fajardo M. , Galluccio F. , Yamak Altinpulluk E. , Espinoza K.
Published: May 2024

We investigated the distribution of injected dye after deep serratus anterior plane and superficial parasternal intercostal plane blocks in 15 Thiel embalmed cadavers. We injected 0.4 ml.kg−1of 0.25% aqueous methylene blue solution into the deep serratus anterior and superficial parasternal intercostal planes using real‐time ultrasound needle visualisation followed by posterior dissection to observe the distribution of the injected dye in the chest wall. The two blocks were performed bilaterally in 15 cadavers at the T5/T6 level, comprising 60 blocks in 30 hemithoraces in total. At dissection, the intercostal nerve territories were observed to be dyed completely from T2 to T6 in 28 of 30 hemithoraces, and extending caudal to T6 in 10 hemithoraces. Following the deep serratus anterior plane blocks in all cadavers, the dye was found to have spread to the axillae. Following the superficial parasternal intercostal plane blocks, the dye reached T7 in four cadaver dissections. We concluded that the territories innervated by the intercostal nerves (T2–T6 dermatomes) are dyed following the combination of the two blocks when performed at the T5–T6 intercostal space level. These techniques might provide an effective option for anaesthesia in breast surgery.
Study on a novel epoxy‐terminated dendritic modifier as an active toughening agent for epoxy resin
Authors: Zhang Xiongfei , Li Pengyun , Huang Dan , Shi Xiang , Shi Yana , Qu Chunxiao , Tan Qianya
Published: May 2024

Although significant efforts have been undertaken to explore the toughening of epoxy resins, it remains challenges to establish a simple and effective toughening technique which does not compromise its strength, thermal stability and processing performance. In this paper, toluene‐diisocyanate‐trimer (TDI‐T) was utilized to manufacture a novel epoxy‐terminated dendritic modifier TDI‐T glycol diglycidyl ether (TDI‐T GLDE). When the addition of TDI‐T GLDE reaches 20% of the resin mass, the tensile strength, tensile elongation, compressive strength and impact strength were increased by 28.1%, 75%, 24.8%, and 138.0% respectively, compared to E‐51. The thermal properties of the samples have been improved, including an increased glass transition temperature (Tg) from 68.2 to 73.2°C, as well as an increase in the initial decomposition temperature from 240.6 to 257.7°C. The toughening mechanism of TDI‐T GLDE was studied through a combination of mechanical performance tests, thermal performance tests, and resin fracture surface morphology analysis.
Assessment of property profile of post‐industrial polypropylene recyclates through a multivariable recycling process
Authors: Akhras Mohamad Hassan , Marschik Christian , Chung Chi Nghia , Traxler Ines , Kruta Konstanze , Kloiber Karin , Fischer Joerg
Published: May 2024

This study provides key insights into the extrusion of a post‐industrial feedstock primarily composed of polypropylene (PP) and reveals its influence on the property profile of the recyclate. The objective of this study was to gain a fundamental understanding of complex process‐property relationships. Therefore, a two‐part experimental design was established. The first part aimed to analyze the feedstock variability by investigating key material properties of recyclates produced under constant processing conditions. The second part aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of the screw speed, filtration setup, and degassing setup on the properties of the recyclates. An industrial‐scale recycling extrusion line was used. The material evaluation included melt mass‐flow rate (MFR), ash content, oxidation induction temperature, tensile and impact properties, degassing performance, and residual volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Higher melt temperatures led to chain scission of the PP fraction, resulting in increased MFR and higher material stiffness. Additionally, a finer filtration positively contributed to the enhanced material stiffness. Furthermore, the mechanical properties were also influenced by the levels of inorganic fillers in the material composition of the feedstock. Finally, the filtration setup had a greater impact on degassing performance and residual VOC levels than the degassing setup and screw speed.
Injectable pH‐ and Ultrasound‐Responsive Dual‐Crosslinked Dextran/Chitosan/TiO2 Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Yan Chen‐Jie , Yang Su‐Rung , Yeh Yi‐Cheun
Published: May 2024

Combining exogenous and endogenous antibacterial mechanisms has been demonstrated to enhance therapeutic efficacy significantly. This study constructs an innovative type of exogenous and endogenous antibacterial nanocomposite hydrogels with injectable dual‐crosslinked networks and dual‐stimuli responsiveness. The primary network establishes imine bonds between the functionalized dextran featuring norbornenes and aldehydes (NorAld‐Dex) and the quaternized chitosan (QCS). The imine bonds provide self‐healing, injectability, and pH‐responsiveness to the hydrogel network. The secondary network is established by integrating thiolated mesoporous silica‐coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2@MS‐SH) into the hydrogel network via an ultrasound‐activated thiol‐norbornene reaction with NorAld‐Dex. The microstructures and properties of NorAld‐Dex/QCS/TiO2@MS‐SH hydrogels can be fine‐tuned by adjusting the sonication time to increase the amount of thiol‐norbornene crosslinks in the network. Effective antibacterial performance of NorAld‐Dex/QCS/TiO2@MS‐SH hydrogels at low pH has been demonstrated with the synergistic effect of the acid‐induced dissociation of the hydrogel network, protonated QCS, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by TiO2@MS‐SH nanoparticles under ultrasound irradiation. In summary, NorAld‐Dex/QCS/TiO2@MS‐SH nanocomposite hydrogel is an advanced dual stimuli‐responsive antibacterial platform with customizable microstructures and properties, offering great potential for biomedical applications.
A Rapid Total Bacterial Count Method for Food Samples using Syringe Filters and Lectin‐Conjugated Semiconductor Nanorods
Authors: Sutarlie Laura , Chee Heng Li , Ow Sian Yang , Su Xiaodi
Published: May 2024

Total bacterial count in food is one of important food safety criteria. The current plate count method (Heterotrophic Plate Count) for food analysis requires microbiology lab facilities and at least 2 days turnover time. We developed a rapid fluorescence‐based total bacterial count method that utilises semiconductor nanorods (SNRs) conjugated with a lectin Griffonia simplicifolia II (GSII‐SNRs) to stain bacterial cells captured on syringe filters, via the common N‐acetylglucosamine molecules on bacterial cell wall. This “Filter‐and‐Stain” detection method has a rapid turnover time of 20 min. The fluorescence emission can be seen under UV light with minimum interference from food sample background. The fluorescence intensity quantified through image analysis is proportional to the bacterial concentration with a limit of detection of 1000 CFU/mL, for total bacterial count assessment in food safety. Moreover, the GSII‐SNRs do not bind to heat inactivated bacterial cells, and thus can differentiate live and dead bacteria. Our method has been validated with representative food (coffee powder, raw spinach leaves, and ready‐to‐eat tomato salsa) to demonstrate its high potential for on‐site food safety assessment, especially in places with no immediate access to microbiology labs.
Metal‐Induced Enhancement of Tetrel Bonding. The Case of C⋅⋅⋅X−IrIII (X=Cl, Br) Tetrel Bond Involving a Methyl Group
Authors: Gusak Mikhail Yu. , Kinzhalov Mikhail A. , Frontera Antonio , Bokach Nadezhda A. , Kukushkin Vadim Yu.
Published: May 2024

In X‐ray structures of the isomorphic mer‐[IrX3(THT)(CNXyl)2] (X=Cl 1, Br 2; THT=tetrahydrothiophene; Xyl=2,6‐Me2C6H3−) complexes, we revealed short intermolecular contacts between the C‐atom of an isocyanide methyl group and halide ligands of another molecule. Geometrical consideration of the X‐ray data and analysis of appropriate DFT studies allowed the attribution of these contacts to CMe⋅⋅⋅X−IrIII (X=Cl, Br) tetrel bond. Specifically, through the application of DFT calculations and various theoretical models, the presence of tetrel bonding interactions was validated, and the contribution of the CMe⋅⋅⋅X−IrIII interaction was assessed. The reinforcement of the tetrel bond upon the isocyanide coordination to iridium(III) is substantiated by molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface calculations. To distinguish the tetrel bonding characteristics of CMe⋅⋅⋅X−IrIII (X=Cl, Br) interactions from conventional hydrogen bonding, we employed multiple computational methodologies, including Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis and Electron Localization Function (ELF) analysis. Additionally, Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA) was applied to selected model systems to explore the underlying physical nature of these interactions.
K‐Fuse: Credit card fraud detection based on a classification method with a priori class partitioning and a novel feature selection strategy
Authors: Sabri Mohammed , Verde Rosanna , Balzanella Antonio
Published: May 2024

Online transactions have become the dominant and most popular form of online payment in today's digital economy. Due to the growing popularity of e‐commerce and the convenience it offers, both consumers and businesses are rapidly adopting online transactions. Notably, credit cards have become one of the most popular and standard online payment methods. However, it should be noted that credit card transactions are not without challenges. In particular, detecting and preventing fraudulent transactions is a major concern of the online payment system. It is difficult to find an effective detection model that can detect the new patterns created by fraudsters, due to the constant evolution of their methods to exploit the vulnerability of current security protocols. These fraud patterns are evolving and may not correspond to existing documented models, leading to a reduction in their identification. In addition, the customer's behavior can affect the model detection as it is susceptible to change based on factors such as economic conditions, trends, and individual circumstances. When consumers deviate from their typical behavior, the model may generate false alerts, thereby reducing its ability to differentiate between legitimate and fraudulent transactions. This article presents a new supervised detection model, called K‐Fuse, which introduces an unsupervised phase in order to detect fraud patterns that may correspond to innovative models introduced by fraudsters. K‐Fuse is a supervised classification method that fuses three steps consisting of (i)
unsupervised clustering to identify hidden patterns of transactions in a dataset, (ii) a novel feature selection criterion based on the unsupervised results, and (iii) supervised classification to exploit the results of clustering and feature selection to predict new transactions as fraudulent or legitimate.
A nonparametric proportional risk model to assess a treatment effect in time‐to‐event data
Authors: Ameis Lucia , Kuss Oliver , Hoyer Annika , Möllenhoff Kathrin
Published: May 2024

Time‐to‐event analysis often relies on prior parametric assumptions, or, if a semiparametric approach is chosen, Cox's model. This is inherently tied to the assumption of proportional hazards, with the analysis potentially invalidated if this assumption is not fulfilled. In addition, most interpretations focus on the hazard ratio, that is often misinterpreted as the relative risk (RR), the ratio of the cumulative distribution functions. In this paper, we introduce an alternative to current methodology for assessing a treatment effect in a two‐group situation, not relying on the proportional hazards assumption but assuming proportional risks. Precisely, we propose a new nonparametric model to directly estimate the RR of two groups to experience an event under the assumption that the risk ratio is constant over time. In addition to this relative measure, our model allows for calculating the number needed to treat as an absolute measure, providing the possibility of an easy and holistic interpretation of the data. We demonstrate the validity of the approach by means of a simulation study and present an application to data from a large randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of dapagliflozin on all‐cause mortality.
A simple and sensitive ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of VX‐548 in monkey plasma: Method validation and application to pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Zhang Huiying , Chen Yonggang , Huang Jing , Sun Wenfei
Published: May 2024

VX‐548 is an orally active and highly selective NaV 1.8 inhibitor that is undergoing development for the treatment of acute pain. The aim of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) method for the measurement of VX‐548 in monkey plasma. VX‐548 was extracted from the plasma using acetonitrile‐mediated protein precipitation. The quantitative analysis was performed on a Thermo Vantage TSQ mass spectrometer with ibrutinib as an internal standard. Chromatography was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column with 0.1% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The precursor‐to‐product ion transitions were m/z 474.2 > 165.0 and m/z 441.2 > 138.1 for VX‐548 and internal standard, respectively. This developed method was successfully validated in the concentration range of 1–1000 ng/mL. The calibration curve showed excellent linearity with a correlation coefficient of >0.999. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) was <8.4%, whereas the accuracy denoted as relative error (RE) ranged from −5.0% to 9.1%. The mean recovery was >84%. VX‐548 was stable in monkey plasma after storage under certain conditions. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of VX‐548 in monkey plasma after single oral (2 mg/kg) and intravenous (1 mg/kg) administrations.
Influence of corporate social responsibility and ethical leadership on employees' affective commitment: Evidence from the hospitality industry in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Nguyen Khanh Hai
Published: May 2024

This paper intends to evaluate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR), ethical leadership (EL), job satisfaction (JS), and affective commitment (AC). Filtered and entered Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Amos is a powerful structural equation modeling software helping support research and theories, the data were gathered from 432 participants in Vietnam's hospitality sector. According to study findings, CSR and EL positively impact AC and JS among employees. Moreover, JS is also a vital component that has influenced employees' AC. The study results have managerial implications for improving JS and strengthening the correlation of employees' AC.
Effect of sustained measurable residue disease negativity and post‐remission treatment selection on the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults
Authors: Yu Jiechen , Luo Yanrong , Wang Libing , Wang Tao , Ye Mingyu , Chen Jie , Ni Xiong , Chen Li , Gao Lei , Yang Jianmin
Published: May 2024

Background

To explore the effects of monitoring measurable residual disease and post‐remission treatment selection on the clinical outcomes of B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) in adults.

Methods

Between September 2010 and January 2022, adult patients with B‐ALL who received combination chemotherapy, with or without allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT), were included in the retrospective study, which was approved by the Ethics Committee and the observation of Declaration of Helsinki conditions.

Results

One hundred and forty‐three B‐ALL patients achieved complete remission (CR) were included in the study, of whom 94 patients (65.7%) received allo‐HSCT in first complete remission (CR1).

Multivariate analysis showed that the most powerful factors affecting OS were transplantation (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.540, p = 0.037) and sustained measurable residue disease (MRD) negativity (HR = 0.508, p = 0.037). The subgroup analysis showed that the prognosis of the allo‐HSCT group was better than that of the chemotherapy group, regardless of whether MRD was negative or positive after two courses of consolidation therapy. After consolidation therapy, the prognosis of patients with positive MRD remained significantly better in the allo‐HSCT group than in the chemotherapy group. However, no significant difference was observed in the prognosis between the allo‐HSCT and chemotherapy groups with negative MRD after consolidation therapy.

Conclusions

B‐ALL patients who achieve sustained MRD negativity during consolidation therapy have excellent long‐term outcomes even without allo‐HSCT. Allo‐HSCT is associated with a significant benefit in terms of OS and DFS for patients who were with positive MRD during consolidation therapy.
DSANet: A lightweight hybrid network for human action recognition in virtual sports
Authors: Xiao Zhiyong , Yu Feng , Liu Li , Peng Tao , Hu Xinrong , Jiang Minghua
Published: May 2024

Human activity recognition (HAR) has significant potential in virtual sports applications. However, current HAR networks often prioritize high accuracy at the expense of practical application requirements, resulting in networks with large parameter counts and computational complexity. This can pose challenges for real‐time and efficient recognition. This paper proposes a hybrid lightweight DSANet network designed to address the challenges of real‐time performance and algorithmic complexity. The network utilizes a multi‐scale depthwise separable convolutional (Multi‐scale DWCNN) module to extract spatial information and a multi‐layer Gated Recurrent Unit (Multi‐layer GRU) module for temporal feature extraction. It also incorporates an improved channel‐space attention module called RCSFA to enhance feature extraction capability. By leveraging channel, spatial, and temporal information, the network achieves a low number of parameters with high accuracy. Experimental evaluations on UCIHAR, WISDM, and PAMAP2 datasets demonstrate that the network not only reduces parameter counts but also achieves accuracy rates of 97.55%, 98.99%, and 98.67%, respectively, compared to state‐of‐the‐art networks. This research provides valuable insights for the virtual sports field and presents a novel network for real‐time activity recognition deployment in embedded devices.
To share or not to share: When is influencer self‐disclosure perceived as appropriate?
Authors: Leite Fernanda Polli , Pontes Nicolas , Septianto Felix
Published: May 2024

Influencers' personal stories on social media can shape consumer behavior. Yet little is known about how intimacy, valence, and topic of self‐disclosure affect perceptions of credibility. In two studies, results reveal that intimate (vs. non‐intimate) self‐disclosure reduces perceived message appropriateness and influencer credibility, while positive (vs. negative) self‐disclosure enhances it. Furthermore, the effect of positive intimate self‐disclosure on appropriateness is stronger for topics related to mental health (vs. relationships). This research broadens the theoretical understanding of how consumers perceive influencer credibility by analyzing various dimensions of self‐disclosure, providing practical insights for integrating self‐disclosure into social media recommendations.
An Active and Versatile Electron Transport System for Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases from the Alkane Degrading Organism Acinetobacter sp. OC4
Authors: Schultes Fabian Peter Josef , Welter Leon , Hufnagel Doreen , Heghmanns Melanie , Kasanmascheff Müge , Mügge Carolin
Published: May 2024

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are valuable biocatalysts for the oxyfunctionalization of non‐activated carbon‐hydrogen bonds. Most CYPs rely on electron transport proteins as redox partners. In this study, the ferredoxin reductase (FdR) and ferredoxin (FD) for a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Acinetobacter sp. OC4 are investigated. Upon heterologous production of both proteins independently in Escherichia coli, spectral analysis showed their reduction capability towards reporter electron acceptors, e. g., cytochrome c. The individual proteins’ specific activity towards cytochrome c reduction was 25 U mg−1. Furthermore, the possibility to enhance electron transfer by artificial fusion of the units was elucidated. FdR and FD were linked by helical linkers [EAAAK]n, flexible glycine linkers [GGGGS]n or rigid proline linkers [EPPPP]n of n=1–4 sequence repetitions. The system with a glycine linker (n=4) reached an appreciable specific activity of 19 U mg−1 towards cytochrome c. Moreover, their ability to drive different members of the CYP153A subfamily is demonstrated. By creating artificial self‐sufficient P450s with FdR, FD, and a panel of four CYP153A representatives, effective hydroxylation of n‐hexane in a whole‐cell system was achieved. The results indicate this protein combination to constitute a functional and versatile surrogate electron transport system for this subfamily.
In‐cell Catalysis by Tethered Organo−Osmium Complexes Generates Selectivity for Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Coverdale J. P. C. , Bedford R. A. , Carter O. W. L. , Cao S. , Wills M. , Sadler P. J.
Published: May 2024

Anticancer agents that exhibit catalytic mechanisms of action offer a unique multi‐targeting strategy to overcome drug resistance. Nonetheless, many in‐cell catalysts in development are hindered by deactivation by endogenous nucleophiles. We have synthesised a highly potent, stable Os‐based 16‐electron half‐sandwich (‘piano stool’) catalyst by introducing a permanent covalent tether between the arene and chelated diamine ligand. This catalyst exhibits antiproliferative activity comparable to the clinical drug cisplatin towards triple‐negative breast cancer cells and can overcome tamoxifen resistance. Speciation experiments revealed Os to be almost exclusively albumin‐bound in the extracellular medium, while cellular accumulation studies identified an energy‐dependent, protein‐mediated Os accumulation pathway, consistent with albumin‐mediated uptake. Importantly, the tethered Os complex was active for in‐cell transfer hydrogenation catalysis, initiated by co‐administration of a non‐toxic dose of sodium formate as a source of hydride, indicating that the Os catalyst is delivered to the cytosol of cancer cells intact. The mechanism of action involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus exploiting the inherent redox vulnerability of cancer cells, accompanied by selectivity for cancerous cells over non‐tumorigenic cells.
Importance of clinico‐pathologic correlation in rare, chronic infectious diseases: Actinomycetoma misdiagnosed as botryomycosis—A case report
Authors: Masuka Josiah Tatenda , Mthembu Luanda , Duze Khumo , Moodley Ameshin , Rikhotso Tshikani Norman , Mosam Anisa
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case report explores the clinical journey of a patient initially diagnosed with botryomycosis, only to later reveal the underlying and rare condition of actinomycosis. The report highlights the challenges in getting to an accurate diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of considering uncommon pathologies, the utility of multi‐disciplinary teams and clinico‐pathologic correlation in clinical practice.
Preparation of Magnetically Recyclable MIL‐101‐immobilized Frustrated Lewis Pairs for the Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Chen Miaomiao , Xue Han , Zhao Huili , Ji Min , Wang Min
Published: May 2024

Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), composed of spatially hindered Lewis acids and bases, are promising catalysts for the catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated organic substrates, but the lack of reusability limits their development. The functionalization of solid materials with molecular FLP is a promising method for preparing heterogeneous FLP catalysts. In this work, a magnetically recyclable FLP catalyst was successfully prepared for the reductive carbonyl compounds to the corresponding alcohols. FLP of 2‐Ph2PPhCHO/B(C6F5)3 was grafted into NH2‐MIL‐101@Fe3O4 composite material through an aldehyde‐amine condensation reaction. The as‐prepared FLP‐NH‐MIL‐101@Fe3O4 exhibited remarkable catalytic activity for aldehyde/ketone carbonyl compounds. In addition, FLP‐NH‐MIL‐101@Fe3O4 displays outstanding magnetic recyclability and can be reused 8 times without loss of activity.
Selective Oxidations of Toluenes and Benzyl Alcohols by an Unspecific Peroxygenase (UPO)
Authors: Pogrányi Balázs , Mielke Tamara , Cartwright Jared , Unsworth William P. , Grogan Gideon
Published: May 2024

Unspecific Peroxygenases (UPOs) have emerged as robust biocatalysts for selective oxygenation reactions, as they are easily produced at scale and require only hydrogen peroxide as the external oxidant. UPOs can catalyze the oxygenation of the primary benzylic carbons of toluenes to give alcohol, aldehyde and carboxylic acid products. They can also catalyze hydroxylation at the benzylic position of ethylbenzenes, and the subsequent oxidation of the secondary alcohols to ketones. In this study, we have investigated factors that affect the balance of products in UPO‐catalyzed benzylic oxygenations using a range of functionalised toluenes and ethyl benzenes, and a UPO from Agrocybe aegerita (rAaeUPO‐PaDa‐I‐H variant). The product distribution is dependent upon a mixture of steric and electronic effects and, in selected cases, controlling the reaction conditions permits products from each product series to be generated chemoselectively. In this way, electron poor toluenes were converted directly into carboxylic acids in isolated yields of 36–99 % on preparative scale.
Reactivity and Durability of Covalent Organic Frameworks Derived Co‐Based Hybrid Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yuling L. , Xiao Longfei F. , Mo Yiping P. , Liu Guilin L. , Liu Shanshan S. , Lu Wangyang Y.
Published: May 2024

Developing bifunctional non‐precious metal electrocatalysts of superior reactivity and durability is essential. Herein, we report a class of phthalocyanine‐based covalent organic frameworks as self‐sacrificial precursors derived Co‐based hybrid electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The fabricated Co‐COFs/CNT‐700 catalysts displayed highly efficient ORR properties with a half‐potential of 0.83 V, while its half‐wave potential in alkaline solution at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 is 1.70 V in the OER test, reflecting exceptional OER activity. Moreover, zinc‐air batteries assembled with Co‐COFs/CNT‐700 catalysts exhibit a marginally higher power density (114 mW cm2) than traditional Pt/C−IrO2 batteries in an air atmosphere, along with an enhanced cycling stability (5.1 % potential loss after 65 h). This work may pave a facile and efficient approach for fabricating electrocatalytic materials with controllably introduced metals and heteroatoms.