bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of scrotal support application on seroma formation following minimal access surgery for inguinal hernia: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Meena Satya Prakash , Badkur Mayank , Lodha Mahendra , Rodha Mahaveer Singh , Chaudhary Ramkaran , Sharma Naveen , Banerjee Niladri , Shetty Spoorthi D.
Published: November 2024

Background:

The incidence of seroma formation is high following laparoscopic surgery for an inguinal hernia. Literature has shown many intraoperative techniques to reduce post-operative seroma formation. The hypothesis was made that scrotal support may reduce seroma formation following laparoscopic or robotic hernia surgery. This study aimed to compare the post-operative outcome of uncomplicated inguinal hernia patients with or without scrotal support application.

Patients and Methods:

A randomised controlled trial was conducted on 266 male patients with inguinal hernias. A block randomisation was done, and accordingly, a scrotal support was applied after mobilisation of study patients following laparoscopic or robotic surgery. After discharge, all patients were followed up for 30 days and their outcomes were compared.

Results:

Post-operative numbness after hernia surgery was significantly reduced with the application of scrotal support (P = 0.03). However, there were no significant differences in the early post-operative period for seroma formation, scrotal oedema, scrotal haematoma, surgical site infections, epididymo-orchitis or groin pain between the groups.

Conclusion:

A scrotal support application is not effective at reducing the formation of seroma after laparoscopic or robotic inguinal hernia repairs. Early post-operative groin numbness may be reduced by including scrotal support in post-operative care protocols.
Comparison of modified tumescent and conventional laparoscopic transabdominal pre-peritoneal repair in the patients of inguinal hernia: A randomised control trial
Authors: Sharma Kanika , Koul Avinash , Puri Gopal , Rathore Yashvant Singh , Chrungoo Rajinder Kumar
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Inguinal hernia surgery, a common procedure worldwide, continues to develop to achieve minimal access and tension-free repairs. However, a universally accepted technique has yet to be developed. Our study introduces a new approach, a modified tumescent transabdominal pre-peritoneal (TAPP), to a low-cost setting. We then compare its safety and efficacy with the conventional TAPP, providing a new perspective on hernia repair methods.

Patients and Methods:

The study was conducted between April 2016 and September 2017 at the department of surgery in a medical college in Jammu. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to either the conventional TAPP group or the tumescent TAPP group using computer-generated randomisation. In the tumescent group, we carefully administered a tumescent solution into the pre-peritoneal space after creating pneumoperitoneum and then compared the effectiveness and safety of the two procedures.

Results:

Our study revealed significant differences in various aspects between the two groups. In the conventional group, 16.7% of patients experienced challenging peritoneal flap dissection, while none in the tumescent group faced this issue. In addition, none of the patients in the tumescent group had an intraoperative haemorrhage. The conventional group had a mean operating time of 100.4 ± 11.21 min. On the other hand, the tumescent group had a significantly shorter mean operating time of 84 ± 13.47 min. The complication rates were 16.7% in the tumescent group and 30% in the conventional group. After the surgery, 13.3% of patients in the conventional group reported persistent pain, compared to only one patient in the tumescent group, which was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates that tumescent TAPP can overcome the challenges of conventional TAPP surgery, offering practical benefits such as reduced bleeding, easier dissection, decreased post-operative pain and shorter operating time. Administering tumescent solution before TAPP repair of inguinal hernia provides technical and clinical advantages, suggesting the potential for shorter surgeries and a quicker learning curve.
The Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anti-angiogenic Effects of Fucoxanthin on Corneal Structural and Biochemical Changes of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes in Rats
Authors: El-Beltagi Eman M. , Kandeel Samah , Mohammed Sherine Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide disease with different endocrine and metabolic disorders due to hyperglycemia. Diabetic corneal complications affect more than 70% of diabetics. Fucoxanthin (FX) is a carotenoid that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-diabetic effects.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 35 Wistar rats weighted 140–160 g of 12–14 weeks were divided into control; streptozotocin (STZ): rats received a single dose (50 mg/kg) of STZ intraperitoneally; STZ + FX low dose; STZ + FX intermediate dose; and STZ + FX high dose: diabetic rats treated with FX 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, orally by an intragastric tube daily for 3 weeks. Then, blood and eye samples were managed for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluations.

Results:

The STZ group revealed an increase in blood glucose level, plasma glycosylated hemoglobin A1c% significantly, and serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, malondialdehyde tissue levels, significantly reduced serum high-density lipoprotein, tissue superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione levels. In addition, severe corneal injury is seen by hematoxylin & eosin with deeply stained epithelial cell nuclei, and cytoplasm vacuolation, besides Bowman’s membrane irregularities. Additionally, stromal widely separated collagen fibers, mononuclear cellular infiltrations, stromal vascularization, and swollen endothelial cells were seen. In addition, marked thickening of Bowman’s and Descemet’s membranes was demonstrated by periodic acid Schiff. In addition, E-cadherin diffuse cytoplasmic reaction, significantly increased immunohistochemical expression and optical density of interleukin-1β, metalloproteinase-3, and vascular endothelial growth factor, whereas significantly reduced the optical density of epidermal growth factor. The STZ-treated groups with different doses of FX showed dose-dependent improvement of the previously documented findings.

Conclusion:

FX ameliorates STZ-induced corneal changes in a dose-dependent manner in rats through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-diabetic actions.
Immunohistochemical Expression of SOX 2 in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Fathima S. Deenul , Rao Gururaj Narayana , Mahalakshmi V. , Alagu Vennila A. , Keerthik Lawanya M. K. , Mano Doss A. Daffney
Published: November 2024

Background:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy of the oral cavity. Premalignant lesions frequently precede OSCC. Over the last three decades, the overall survival rate after 5 years of the patients remains unchanged. Early detection is best in preventing malignant transformation. Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX 2) is an embryonic transcription factor that is, crucial for sustaining the pluripotency of stem cells and also promotes the maintenance of squamous epithelium.

Aim:

This study aimed to estimate the immunohistochemical expression levels of SOX 2 in normal mucosa (NOM), oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), and OSCC, to compare and correlate those three groups and also to assess the prognostic value in OSCC.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 70 cases of paraffin tissue blocks were obtained from the archives of our department, which were previously diagnosed as OED, OSCC, and NOM. Selected cases were screened immunohistochemically for SOX 2 expression.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Dunn’s test was utilized to find out the association among the categorical variables. Kruskal–Wallis test was to compare the continuous parameters between three groups.

Results:

SOX 2 expressions were found to be 80% positive in the OED group, 65% in the OSCC group, and negative in the NOM group.

Conclusion:

SOX 2 expression acts as a biomarker for oral cancer risk assessment. Higher SOX 2 expression in well-differentiated cases compared with poorly differentiated, which might indicate decreased lymph node metastasis and improved prognosis. As a result, SOX 2 expression might play an important role in the pathogenesis of OSCC.
Effect of the Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza On Diabetic Nephropathy in Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Atta Ihab Shafek , Elnady Mohamed R. , Alghamdi Ali G. , Alghamdi Ahmed Hassan , Aboulata Alaa A. , Elshennawy Ahmed T. M. , Abdel-hamid Mostafa , Alzahrani R. , Shatla Ibrahim M.
Published: November 2024

Diabetic nephropathy, a severe consequence of diabetes, can culminate in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure. Controlling blood glucose levels, reducing inflammation, and managing oxidative stress are important strategies for preventing, delaying, and managing diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (SME) in ameliorating renal complications within the context of experimental diabetes-induced by streptozotocin (STZ) administration in rats. The study included 40 out of 50 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): Group I: the control group administered distilled water orally; Group II: SME group received for 4 weeks oral intake of SME (100 mg/kg) per day; Group III: The STZ group was administered one dose of STZ injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 60 mg/kg; and Group IV: STZ + SME group received single STZ injection followed by SME administration for 4 weeks. Diabetic rats demonstrated significantly elevated blood glucose concentrations compared to the control, partially mitigated by treatment with S. miltiorrhiza extract (SME). STZ-induced diabetic rats showed increased kidney tissue cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins (IL)-1β, and IL-6, which were decreased with SME treatment. Furthermore, STZ-induced diabetic rats displayed a significant elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a decrease in the actions of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) within the kidney tissue, indicative of oxidative stress. Treatment with SME decreased MDA and elevated GSH and SOD levels in diabetic rats. SME was found to reduce caspase-3 activity in diabetic rat kidneys, indicating a potential role in preventing kidney cell death. Finally, SME treatment also reduced blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, suggesting improved kidney function. In conclusion, SME has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties that show therapeutic potential for diabetic nephropathy prevention and treatment.
Effects of Ellagic Acid on Hemoglobin Ingestion, Transport, and Digestion in the Digestive Vacuole of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Thuduhena Anjana Chamilka , Abu-Bakar Nurhidanatasha , Hamzah Siti Nasuha
Published: November 2024

Context:

Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, has been a persistent threat to human health for centuries, causing significant illnesses and fatalities. The rise of drug-resistant strains has diminished the efficacy of conventional antimalarial medications, necessitating the exploration of alternative treatments. Ellagic acid has emerged as a promising candidate, demonstrating effectiveness in laboratory experiments by impeding beta-hematin (hemozoin) formation in mature Plasmodium falciparum stages. This research endeavors to elucidate the ellagic acid’s mechanism of action against malaria parasites by examining its impact on hemoglobin ingestion, transport, and digestion in both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) P. falciparum strains in vitro.

Aim:

This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of ellagic acid antimalarial action against 3D7 and W2 strains of P. falciparum in vitro by using a transmission electron microscope.

Materials and Methods:

3D7 and W2 strains of P. falciparum were cultured in flasks with a complete culture medium and washed red blood cells (type O+) at a hematocrit of 2%. Synchronized ring-stage parasite-infected erythrocytes, approximately 2 h post-synchronization, were utilized for the antimalarial activity assay. Based on the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of ellagic acid, three different sub-lethal concentrations of the compound against the 3D7 and W2 strains. Samples were prepared for real-time microscopic analysis. Samples were immediately fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 2 h. Then, the samples were washed, postfixed with 2% osmium tetroxide in 0.1 M phosphate buffer for 1 h, washed with distilled water, dehydrated, infiltrated, and embedded. The sample blocks were cut by using an ultramicrotome. These thin sections were stained with 1% lead citrate and 1% uranyl acetate.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The IC50 of ellagic acid against the 3D7 and W2 parasites was analyzed using computerized GraphPad Prism 8.0 software.

Results:

Findings show significant inhibition by ellagic acid (P < 0.001) against 3D7 and W2 parasites. The IC50 values were 1.0 ± 0.7 and 1.3 ± 0.1 nM, respectively, surpassing the artemisinin’s effectiveness (IC50-3D7 parasite = 2.2 ± 0.2 nM; IC50-W2 parasite = 4.3 ± 0.3 nM). Transmission electron microscopy elucidated the ellagic acid’s impact on the early trophozoite stage of 3D7 and W2 parasites, highlighting the disruption of hemoglobin metabolism within the parasites.

Conclusion:

These findings underscore the ellagic acid’s potential as a promising antimalarial agent, targeting hemoglobin processes in both 3D7 and W2 P. falciparum strains.
Lessons Learnt from the United States Air Force during a Joint Exercise at an Indian Air Force Transport Base
Authors: Sakre Mohin M. , Dutt Manohar , Jhamb Dhiraj
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Combat Operations Preparedness Exercise 2023 was held between the United States Air Force (USAF) and the Indian Air Force (IAF) with the objective of enhancing the operational readiness of both countries in regard to various aspects of Aerial Combat.

Lessons Learnt:

Various aspects of Aerial Combat and op-readiness were deliberated and discussed such as Tactical Combat Casualty Care, Subject Matter Expert Exchanges on several topics such as chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear(CBRN), Fitness Classification in the USAF, decompression sickness (DCS), high altitude, and hypoxia. Aeromedical evacuation configurations were also demonstrated on board the C130J and C17. A mass casualty evacuation (CASEVAC) drill was also conducted on one of the Detachments of the base where medical teams from both countries evacuated simulated patients of varying severity on board the US aircraft. This article has brought out the lessons learned from the abovementioned lectures, discussions, and demonstrations. The knowledge gained was varyingly utilitarian such as the different practices of CASEVAC in the USAF and updated practices in CBRN disaster preparedness, different approaches in regard to DCS, high altitude, and hypoxia prevention and treatment. The IAF medical team also had the opportunity of sharing the gamut of their working and practical experiences with their US counterparts that made us efficient in our element. The US airforce personnel were impressed with the concept and workings of the Station Health Organisation. Such an organisation directed towards preventive health care and promotion of positive health is not in vogue in the USAF health care setups. The assimilated patient transport unit (PTU) of the base and the vertical litter stretcher setup of the C130 as practiced in the 87 Squadron was also palatable to the USAF personnel.

Conclusion:

The article finally concludes with recommendations that can be practically implemented in the IAF. It mentions enhancements in areas such as the PTU, CASEVAC/medical evacuation, parajumping practices, modernization of battle casualty care, and improved CBRN practices.
Conjunctival Lymphangiectasia is Likely Lymphatic–venous Lesions: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Al Ghadeer Huda , Wang Catherine , Alkatan Hind , Khandekar Rajiv , Al Maktabi Azza , Edward Deepak P.
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE:

To report the clinical presentation, histopathological and immunohistological features of conjunctival lymphatic–venous lesions.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective review of 15 patients with symptomatic conjunctival lymphatic–venous lesions. The clinical features and histopathologic features of the excised tissues were reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against CD34 to label vascular endothelium and D2-40 to label lymphatic endothelium was performed.

RESULTS:

All patients had unilateral conjunctival involvement. The mean age was 48.9 ± 18.9 years, with more women affected (67%). No patient had impaired visual acuity secondary to the lesion. The location of the lesion was temporal in 67% of patients. The presenting symptoms included conjunctival swelling, discomfort and/or foreign-body sensation, and tearing. All lesions were excised, and none recurred. All excised lesions showed dilated channels that were lined by a flattened endothelium staining positive with CD34, surrounded by edematous lamina propria. Larger ectatic lymphatic channels demonstrated scattered D2-40 staining in the endothelial cell lining and patchy CD34 staining within the endothelial cell cytoplasm. D2-40 and CD-34 immunoreactivity did not overlap in the same cells.

CONCLUSION:

The clinical features and outcomes of the lesions in this large cohort were similar to those reported in the literature. However, the mixed immunoreactivity of the endothelial cells lining these ectatic lymphatic channels in the conjunctiva suggests that these channels are lymphatic–venous lesions. We suggest that these channels be termed conjunctival lymphaticovenous malformation rather than lymphangiectasia, which suggests ectasia of existing lymphatics. Future studies are needed to understand these lesions and their histopathologic origins.
Activation of adult endogenous neurogenesis by a hyaluronic acid collagen gel containing basic fibroblast growth factor promotes remodeling and functional recovery of the injured cerebral cortex
Authors: Li Yan , Hao Peng , Duan Hongmei , Hao Fei , Zhao Wen , Gao Yudan , Yang Zhaoyang , So Kwok-Fai , Li Xiaoguang
Published: November 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202510000-00024/figure1/v/2024-11-26T163120Z/r/image-tiff

The presence of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult mammalian brain suggests that the central nervous system can be repaired and regenerated after injury. However, whether it is possible to stimulate neurogenesis and reconstruct cortical layers II to VI in non-neurogenic regions, such as the cortex, remains unknown. In this study, we implanted a hyaluronic acid collagen gel loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor into the motor cortex immediately following traumatic injury. Our findings reveal that this gel effectively stimulated the proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells, as well as their differentiation into mature and functionally integrated neurons. Importantly, these new neurons reconstructed the architecture of cortical layers II to VI, integrated into the existing neural circuitry, and ultimately led to improved brain function. These findings offer novel insight into potential clinical treatments for traumatic cerebral cortex injuries.
A rare ocular phenotype associated with oculofaciocardiodental syndrome
Authors: Ratna Ria , Tiwari Anil , Ganjoo Sharika , Budhiraja Ankit , Brooks Brian P. , Vanita Vanita , Slavotinek Anne , Tibrewal Shailja
Published: November 2024

Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome (OFCD) is a rare genetic disease affecting the ocular, facial, cardiac, and dental systems. This report describes a rare ocular phenotype in a 6-year-old female child who presented with a history of bilateral whitish appearance in the eyes, nystagmus, photoaversion, and reduced best-corrected visual acuity since birth. Ocular examination revealed broad peripheral iridocorneal adhesions and iris atrophic holes, resembling Axenfeld–Rieger spectrum, apart from the usual microcornea and congenital cataract. Extraocular features included a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections and failure to thrive in the early neonatal period, acyanotic heart disease with a large atrial septal defect, inability to supinate the right forearm since birth, asymmetric limbs, and mild facial dysmorphism. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a pathogenic nonsense variant (c. 4540C>T,p.Arg1514Ter) in BCOR gene. The BCOR gene, located on the X chromosome, is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor that plays a role in gene repression by interacting with DNA promoter regions and histone deacetylases. The precise mechanism by which the gene defect causes the ocular phenotype is poorly understood. The patient had features of anterior segment dysgenesis which has rarely been reported in OFCD. This report widens the genotypic spectrum of ASD and expands the phenotypic presentation of OFCD.
Hypertensive retinopathy as a presenting sign in phaeochromocytoma associated with Von Hippel–Lindau disease in an adolescent: A case report and literature review
Authors: Khadijah Mustafa , Wardati Hanisah Jami , Tanusha Dorairaja , Norlelawati Abu , Shatriah Ismail
Published: November 2024

Hypertensive retinopathy is rare in adolescents, with pheochromocytoma being an uncommon cause of hypertension. We report a case of an adolescent who experienced gradual blurring of vision and headaches. Fundus examination revealed bilateral grade four hypertensive retinopathy. Further evaluation identified a right-sided pheochromocytoma and a pancreatic tumor. Genetic testing confirmed a Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) gene mutation. The patient underwent right adrenalectomy and pancreatic nodulectomy, successfully controlling the blood pressure and improving visual acuity. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment of VHL-related pheochromocytoma in adolescents.
A meta-analysis of the association between adolescent pregnancy and the risk of gynecological cancers
Authors: Azmi-Naei Bita , Shahbazi Fatemeh , Azmi-Naei Nazanin , Poorolajal Jalal
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES: Despite several investigations, the association between adolescent pregnancy and gynecological cancers has yet to be conclusively established. To further explore this association, we conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies.METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify studies investigating the link between adolescent pregnancy and gynecologic cancers. This search continued until February 20, 2023. To assess the heterogeneity among the studies, we used the I2-statistics. We also explored the potential presence of publication bias using the Begg and Egger tests. The overall effect sizes were reported as either risk ratio or odds ratio, accompanied by a 95% confidence interval (CI), using a random-effects model.RESULTS: From an initial pool of 25,436 studies, a total of 76 studies involving 13,991,683 participants met the predefined eligibility criteria. The analysis indicated that the overall effect size for individuals having their first pregnancy at age 20 or older, compared to those having it before age 20, was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.50 to 0.59) for cervical cancer, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.88) for ovarian cancer, and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.04) for uterine cancer.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that experiencing one’s initial pregnancy at the age of 20 or above is associated with a significantly reduced risk of cervical and ovarian cancer. However, no significant association was found between first pregnancy at this age and uterine cancer.
Protein nanoparticles as potent delivery vehicles for polycytosine RNA-binding protein one
Authors: Zhao Zi-Yu , Luo Pei-Li , Guo Xia , Huang Zheng-Wei
Published: November 2024

Ma et al recently reported in the World Journal of Diabetes that ferroptosis occurs in osteoblasts under high glucose conditions, reflecting diabetes pathology. This condition could be protected by the upregulation of the gene encoding polycytosine RNA-binding protein 1 (PCBP1). Additionally, Ma et al used a lentivirus infection system to express PCBP1. As the authors’ method of administration can be improved in terms of stability and cost, we propose delivering PCBP1 to treat type 2 diabetic osteoporosis by encapsulating it in protein nanoparticles. First, PCBP1 is small and druggable. Second, intravenous injection can help deliver PCBP1 across the mucosa while avoiding acid and enzyme-catalyzed degradation. Furthermore, incorporating PCBP1 into nanoparticles prevents its interaction with water or oxygen and protects PCBP1’s structure and activity. Notably, the safety of the protein materials and the industrialization techniques for large-scale production of protein nanoparticles must be comprehensively investigated before clinical application.
Mizagliflozin ameliorates diabetes induced kidney injury by inhibitor inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Lin Zhi-Min , Gao Han-Yuan , Shi Shu-Han , Li Yue-Ting
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Mizagliflozin (MIZ) is a specific inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransport protein 1 (SGLT1) originally developed as a medication for diabetes.

AIM

To explore the impact of MIZ on diabetic nephropathy (DN).

METHODS

Diabetic mice were created using db/db mice. They were administered either a low dose (0.5 mg/kg) or a high dose (1.0 mg/kg) of the SGLT1 inhibitor MIZ via stomach gavage for 8 weeks. Subsequently, mesangial cells (MCs) were isolated and subjected to high glucose conditions in culture to assess the effects of MIZ on DN.

RESULTS

The results showed that low doses of MIZ significantly reduced albuminuria to a level comparable to that achieved with high doses in db/db mice. High doses of MIZ led to a substantial increase in body weight in mice, along with decreased blood glucose levels and food intake. Moreover, the intervention with high-dose MIZ notably decreased the expression of extracellular matrix genes, such as collagen type 1 alpha 1 mRNA levels. While the expression of SGLT1 increased after exposure to high glucose, it decreased following treatment with MIZ. Furthermore, MIZ intervention was more effective in improving lactate dehydrogenase levels in MCs induced by high glucose compared to canagliflozin. MIZ also significantly elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione, while reducing malondialdehyde levels.

CONCLUSION

These findings indicate that MIZ can ameliorate DN by inhibiting SGLT1, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Association of the glycemic background patterns and the diabetes management efficacy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes
Authors: Erbakan Ayşe N , Arslan Bahadır Müzeyyen , Kaya Fatoş N , Güleç Büşra , Vural Keskinler Miraç , Aktemur Çelik Ümmügülsüm , Faydalıel Özge , Mesçi Banu , Oğuz Aytekin
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Inadequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a major public health problem and a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic complications.

AIM

To evaluate the effects of intensive and supportive glycemic management strategies over a 12-month period in individuals with T2DM with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 10% and varying backgrounds of glycemic control.

METHODS

This prospective observational study investigated glycemic control in patients with poorly controlled T2DM over 12 months. Participants were categorized into four groups based on prior glycemic history: Newly diagnosed, previously well controlled with recent worsening, previously off-target but now worsening, and HbA1c consistently above 10%. HbA1c levels were monitored quarterly, and patients received medical, educational, and dietary support as needed. The analysis focused on the success rates of good glycemic control and the associated factors within each group.

RESULTS

The study showed significant improvements in HbA1c levels in all participants. The most significant improvement was observed in individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes: 65% achieved an HbA1c target of ≤ 7%. The results varied between participants with different glycemic control histories, followed by decreasing success rates: 39% in participants with previously good glycemic control, 21% in participants whose glycemic control had deteriorated compared to before, and only 10% in participants with persistently poor control, with mean HbA1c levels of 6.3%, 7.7%, 8.2%, and 9.7%, respectively. After one year, 65.2% of the “newly diagnosed patients”, 39.3% in the “previously controlled group”, 21.9% in the “previously off-target but now worsened'” group and 10% in the “poorly controlled from the start” group had achieved HbA1c levels of 7 and below.

CONCLUSION

In poorly controlled diabetes, the rate at which treatment goals are achieved is associated with the glycemic background characteristics, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies. Therefore, different and comprehensive treatment approaches are needed for patients with persistent uncontrolled diabetes.
Risk factors for developing osteoporosis in diabetic kidney disease and its correlation with calcium-phosphorus metabolism, FGF23, and Klotho
Authors: Yang Fan , Wu Yan , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

The progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects the patient’s kidney glomeruli and tubules, whose normal functioning is essential for maintaining normal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) metabolism in the body. The risk of developing osteoporosis (OP) in patients with DKD increases with the aggravation of the disease, including a higher risk of fractures, which not only affects the quality of life of patients but also increases the risk of death.

AIM

To analyze the risk factors for the development of OP in patients with DKD and their correlation with Ca-P metabolic indices, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and Klotho.

METHODS

One hundred and fifty-eight patients with DKD who were admitted into the Wuhu Second People’s Hospital from September 2019 to May 2021 were selected and divided into an OP group (n = 103) and a normal bone mass group (n = 55) according to their X-ray bone densitometry results. Baseline data and differences in Ca-P biochemical indices, FGF23, and Klotho were compared. The correlation of Ca-P metabolic indices with FGF23 and Klotho was discussed, and the related factors affecting OP in patients with DKD were examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

The OP group had a higher proportion of females, an older age, and a longer diabetes mellitus duration than the normal group (all P < 0.05). Patients in the OP group exhibited significantly higher levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), blood P, Ca-P product (Ca × P), fractional excretion of phosphate (FeP), and FGF23, as well as lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, blood Ca, 24-hour urinary phosphate excretion (24-hour UPE), and Klotho levels (all P < 0.05). In the OP group, 25-(OH)-D3, blood Ca, and 24-hour UPE were negatively correlated with FGF23 and positively correlated with Klotho. In contrast, iPTH, blood Ca, Ca × P, and FeP exhibited a positive correlation with FGF23 and an inverse association with Klotho (all P < 0.05). Moreover, 25-(OH)-D3, iPTH, blood Ca, FePO4, FGF23, Klotho, age, and female gender were key factors that affected the lumbar and left femoral neck bone mineral density.

CONCLUSION

The Ca-P metabolism metabolic indexes, FGF23, and Klotho in patients with DKD are closely related to the occurrence and development of OP.
Prediabetes and atrial fibrillation risk stratification, phenotyping, and possible reversal to normoglycemia
Authors: Mirghani Hyder O
Published: November 2024

Patients admitted with prediabetes and atrial fibrillation are at high risk for major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events independent of confounding variables. The shared pathophysiology between these three serious but common diseases and their association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk factors establish a vicious circle culminating in high atherogenicity. Because of that, it is of paramount importance to perform risk stratification of patients with prediabetes to define phenotypes that benefit from various interventions. Furthermore, stress hyperglycemia assessment of hospitalized patients and consensus on the definition of prediabetes is vital. The roles lifestyle and metformin play in prediabetes are well established. However, the role of glucagon-like peptide agonists and metabolic surgery is less clear. Prediabetes is considered an intermediate between normoglycemia and diabetes along the blood glucose continuum. One billion people are expected to suffer from prediabetes by the year 2045. Therefore, real-world randomized controlled trials to assess major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event risk reduction and reversal/prevention of type 2 diabetes among patients are needed to determine the proper interventions.
Betaine combined with traditional Chinese medicine ointment to treat skin wounds in microbially infected diabetic mice
Authors: Xu Wen-Yan , Dai Yuan-Yuan , Yang Shi-Xian , Chen Hao , Huang Yan-Qiang , Luo Pei-Pei , Wei Zhong-Heng
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Skin wounds are highly common in diabetic patients, and with increasing types of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance, wounds and infections in diabetic patients are difficult to treat and heal.

AIM

To explore the effects of betaine ointment (BO) in promoting the healing of skin wounds and reducing the inflammation and apoptosis of skin cells in microbially infected diabetic mice.

METHODS

By detecting the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of betaine and plant monomer components such as psoralen, we prepared BO with betaine as the main ingredient, blended it with traditional Chinese medicines such as gromwell root and psoralen, and evaluated its antibacterial effects and safety in vitro and in vivo . The skin infection wound models of ordinary mice and diabetic mice were constructed, and the OTC drugs mupirocin ointment and Zicao ointment were used as controls to evaluate the antibacterial effects in vivo and the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of BO.

RESULTS

The MICs of betaine against microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ), Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans ranged from 4 to 32 μg/mL. Gromwell root and psoralea, both of which contain antimicrobial components, mixed to prepare BO with MICs ranging from 16 to 64 μg/mL, which is 32-256 times lower than those of Zicao ointment, although the MIC is greater than that of betaine. After 15 days of treatment with BO for USA300-infected ordinary mice, the wound scab removal rates were 83.3%, while those of mupirocin ointment and Zicao ointment were 66.7% and 0%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant. In diabetic mice, the wound scab removal rate of BO and mupirolacin ointment was 80.0%, but BO reduced wound inflammation and the apoptosis of skin cells and facilitated wound healing.

CONCLUSION

The ointment prepared by mixing betaine and traditional Chinese medicine can effectively inhibit common skin microorganisms and has a strong effect on the skin wounds of sensitive or drug-resistant S. aureus -infected ordinary mice and diabetic mice.
Clinicopathological presentation of liver abscesses and hydatid liver disease from two South African tertiary hospitals
Authors: Pillay Krevosha , Khan Zafar Ahmed , Nweke Ekene Emmanuel , Omoshoro-Jones Jones
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Hepatic abscesses represent infections of the liver parenchyma from bacteria, fungi, and parasitic organisms. Trends in both abscess microbiology and management of abscesses (infective collections) have changed over the past decade. There is a paucity of published data regarding the clinicopathological features of liver abscesses in sub-Saharan Africa and other low-income and middle-income countries.

AIM

To evaluate the clinical presentations of liver abscesses and hydatid liver disease at two South African tertiary-level hospitals.

METHODS

Information accessed from electronic discharge summaries of patients from two South African referral hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa from January 2016 to December 2020 were reviewed and analyzed. All patients older than 13 years presenting with infective liver collections (pyogenic, amoebic) and hydatid disease were included. Clinical findings and laboratory, microbiology, and radiology results and outcomes were collated and analyzed.

RESULTS

In total, 222 patients were included. There were 123 males (55.41%) and 99 females (44.59%), with a median age of 48 years. Comorbidities included HIV (24.23%), hypertension (20.57%), and diabetes mellitus (16.83%). The majority (74.77%) of abscesses were pyogenic, while amoebic and hydatid abscesses represented 16.22% and 9.01%, respectively. The predominant etiology of the pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA) was biliary-related disease. WBC and C-reactive protein were significantly higher in the pyogenic group (P < 0.0002 and P < 0.007, respectively) when compared to the amoebic and hydatid groups. In patients with PLAs, organisms were cultured on blood in 17.58% and abscess fluid in 56.60%. Klebsiella , Escherichia coli and Streptococci were the most cultured organisms. Sixteen percent of the cultures were polymicrobial. In the overall group, 76.00% (n = 169) of patients requiring drainage had a percutaneous transhepatic catheter drain placed, while 8.76% (n = 19) had open surgery. The median length of hospital stay was 13 days. The mortality rate was 3.02%.

CONCLUSION

In this study, the most common type of liver abscess was PLAs of biliary origin in middle-aged males. The microbiology was similar to those described in Asian populations, and non-surgical management via percutaneous drainage was sufficient in the majority of cases with acceptable morbidity and mortality.
Lipophagy and epigenetic alterations are related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression in an experimental model
Authors: Schütz Felipe , Longo Larisse , Keingeski Melina Belén , Filippi-Chiela Eduardo , Uribe-Cruz Carolina , Álvares-da-Silva Mário Reis
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Genetic and epigenetic alterations are related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) pathogenesis.

AIM

To evaluate micro (mi)RNAs and lipophagy markers in an experimental model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).

METHODS

Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into two groups: Control group (n = 10) fed a standard diet; and intervention group (n = 10) fed a high-fat-choline-deficient diet for 16 weeks. Molecular evaluation of lipophagy markers in liver tissue [sirtuin-1, p62/sequestosome-1, transcription factor-EB, perilipin-2 (Plin2) , Plin3 , Plin5 , lysosome-associated membrane proteins-2, rubicon, and Cd36 ], and serum miRNAs were performed.

RESULTS

Animals in the intervention group developed MASH and showed a significant decrease in sirtuin-1 (P = 0.020) and p62/sequestosome-1 (P < 0.001); the opposite was reported for transcription factor-EB (P = 0.020), Plin2 (P = 0.003), Plin3 (P = 0.031), and Plin5 (P = 0.005) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between groups for lysosome-associated membrane proteins-2 (P = 0.715), rubicon (P = 0.166), and Cd36 (P = 0.312). The intervention group showed a significant increase in miR-34a (P = 0.005) and miR-21 (P = 0.043) compared to the control. There was no significant difference between groups for miR-375 (P = 0.905), miR-26b (P = 0.698), and miR-155 (P = 0.688).

CONCLUSION

Animals with MASH presented expression changes in markers related to lysosomal stress and autophagy as well as in miRNAs related to inflammation and fibrogenesis, processes that promote MASLD progression.
New 1.5-Liter Hybrid Engine Development with High Brake Thermal
Efficiency
Authors: Li Qiang , Liu Yang , Zhang Peiyi , Yan Pingtao , Li Hongzhou , Zhu Yunfeng , Ji Yan , Li Minggui , Cui Boyue
Published: November 2024

The hybrid engines produced by most original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have
been modified to fit within the framework of conventional engine designs.
Recently, Geely has introduced a new 1.5-liter (1.5L) inline four-cylinder (I4)
TGDI engine, specifically designed to meet the requirements of its innovative,
efficient, and intelligent hybrid powertrain architecture. This engine achieves
an impressive brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 44%, as well as high specific
torque at 153 Nm/L and high specific power at 67 kW/L. To attain this superior
performance, the following technical strategies were implemented: a high
compression ratio, the robust Miller cycle, an extended piston stroke-to-bore
ratio, an intake port optimized for high tumble, cooled exhaust gas
recirculation (EGR), and an advanced high-energy ignition system. Among these,
the middle four strategies, in conjunction with piston cooling jets and enhanced
exhaust-side cooling, all contribute to improved in-cylinder combustion. This,
in turn, effectively mitigates the potential for severe knock and pre-ignition
issues that can arise from the high compression ratio. Moreover, reducing
friction is a key factor in achieving the 44% BTE. When integrated into Geely’s
plug-in hybrid system, this new engine results in a 5.1% decrease in fuel
consumption under charge-sustaining conditions, as measured in the WLTC cycle,
when compared to the previous-generation engine.
Complexes of the antibiotic drug succinylsulfathiazole with the La(III), Sm(III), and Tb(III) ions: Spectral characterizations, microscopic pictures, and thermal properties
Authors: A. Almehizia Abdulrahman , M. Alkahtani Hamad , Alhaj Zen Amer , J. Obaidullah Ahmad , M. Naglah Ahmed , M. Alzughaibi Moayad , H. Eldaroti Hala
Published: November 2024

Reacting the antibiotic drug succinylsulfathiazole (abbreviated as SST) with the lanthanide metal ions La(III), Sm(III), and Tb(III) generated thermal stable metal-based complexes. The temperature of the reaction was 70 oC, at a pH of ~ 8.5, using stoichiometry of 2:1 (SST ligand to metal ion). Spectral and analytical characterizations of the SST metal-based complexes were obtained using ultraviolet/visible (UV-visible), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and CHN elemental analysis. The microscopic pictures of the SST complexes were captured by a high-resolution scanning electron microscope with environmental mode (ESEM). Experimental data suggested that the general composition of La(III) complex is [La(SST)2(H2O)Cl].6H2O with a gross formula of C26H38N6O17S4ClLa, the general composition of Sm(III) complex is [Sm(SST)2(H2O)(NO3)].5H2O with a gross formula of C26H36N7O19S4Sm, whereas the general composition of Tb(III) complex is [Tb(SST)2(H2O)(NO3)].4H2O with a gross formula of C26H34N7O18S4Tb. In the manufactured complexes, two deprotonated SST molecules were captured the La(III), Sm(III), and Tb(III) ions by their bidentate carboxylate groups (COO-). The microscopic pictures clearly revealed different surface topography between SST metal-based complexes.
KEY WORDS: Succinylsulfathiazole, Lanthanides, SEM, Surface morphology, EDS profile
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 327-339.                                                               
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.11
Haematological parameters of Hungarian, farmed ostriches
Authors: Brassó L. D. , Komlói I. , Lugata J. K. , Várszegi Z. , Massányi P. , Knop R.
Published: November 2024

The analysis of haematological parameters is of great importance from a diagnostic point of view and is important on a global scale as well. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of the month, farm, bird age, and sex on blood haematology values and to make a reference range for diagnostic purposes for ostriches. Blood samples were taken during the slaughter of the birds in October and November, 2021 and in May and June, 2022. In total, 22 females and 33 males aged between 8 and 60 months from three farms in eastern Hungary were included in the evaluation. Temperature and humidity data were also collected in the indicated months. The month, farm, and age of birds strongly influenced the haematology values. The white blood cell count (WBC) was the highest in June and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) was the lowest in May. Farm “B” differed from the two other farms in the mean cell volume (MCV), expressing the lowest mean cell value. For the 8–10- and 15–17-month-old birds, the red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), and haematocrit (HCT) showed lower values compared to the 11–13- and 48–60-month-old birds. The white blood cell count (WBC), mid-cell count (MID#), and granulocyte count (GRAN#) were the highest for the 8–10- and 11–13-month old age groups; the mean cell volume (MCV) was the highest for the 48–60-month-olds. Differences could not be explained by the weather conditions. Contrary to the literature, birds on farms using probiotics did not always show higher haematological values. To draw more precise conclusions, diagnostic and serum chemical analyses should also be performed in the future.
Village chicken production and egg quality in dry and wet, resource-limited environments in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Tenza T. , Mhlongo L.C. , Chimonyo M.
Published: November 2024

The study investigated the quality and production of village chickens in wet and dry environments. Three hundred households were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Both external and internal characteristics were measured in 4 000 eggs using visual observation and laboratory analyses. The main source of income for the households in both environments was government grants. Village chickens were largely kept for eggs, meat, income, leisure, and rituals. The proportion of households selling eggs was low (less than 3%). Village chicken productivity was constrained by feed shortages, high disease prevalence, theft, slow growth, predation, and lack of access to the market. Feed availability varied seasonally. The dry environment produced 30% more eggs, which was an anomaly. Egg weights were larger (49.8 g) in wet than dry environments (39.6 g). It was concluded that egg quality and production were affected by feed availability. To improve egg production and quality, the environment should be improved using inputs such as feeding programs and housing.
Fermented feed may improve the growth performance, immunological function, and antioxidant capacity of Sichuan White Geese
Authors: Chen Y. , Zhong H. , Huang X. , Liu Z. , Xue J. , Luo Y. , Chen Z. , Zhang Y. , Wang Q. , Wang C.
Published: November 2024

The current study aimed to assess the effects of the addition of dietary fermented feed (FF) on the growth performance, blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and number of cecal microorganisms of Sichuan white geese from 1 to 28 d of age. A total of 240, 1-day-old female geese were randomly divided into five groups with six replicates (eight birds per replicate). Geese in the control group were fed the basal diet (0.0% FF) and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% FF, respectively. The 5.0% FF and 7.5% FF groups had greater body weights (BW), average daily feed intakes (ADFI), and average daily gains (ADG) than the control group. The feed/gain ratio (F/G) in the 7.5% FF group was higher than the control group. The concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IGA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the 5.0% FF group were higher than those in the control group, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the 5.0% FF group was lower. Moreover, the FF did not affect the plasma biochemical indicators, number of cecal microorganisms, and intestinal morphology of geese in the groups. These findings indicate that 5.0% FF may improve the growth performance (BW, ADG, and ADFI), immunological function, and antioxidant capacity of Sichuan white geese from 1 to 28 days of age.