bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The classification of linguistic research and its practical significance
Authors:   Assistant Lecturer, Nukus Innovation Institute, Republic of Karakalpakstan, Nukus, Uzbekistan, Saidahmadov Shuhrat
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the formation of the field of linguistic expertise in the Uzbek language, its types, and the relevance of linguistic expertise of document texts.
Common issues of poetry in karakalpak literary criticism (1990-2000)
Authors:   Assistant teacher, Department of Karakalpak Literature, Faculty of Turkic Languages, Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz, Uzbekistan, Jannazarovna Allanazarova Zukhra
Published: February 2025

General common issues of poetry were comprehensively discussed from a scientific point of view in the Karakalpak literary criticism of the 1990s. The article covers literary criticism materials published in the Republic of Karakalpakstan in 1990-2000 in the magazine "Amudarya" and newspapers "Erkin Qaraqalpaqstan," “Qaraqalpaqstan jasları”, “Ustaz jolı”.
Modification of cellulose materials from Borassus flabellifer fruit husk for nickel recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Pham-Nguyen Khoa Dang , Nguyen Bao Vinh Phuc , Do Quan Viet Minh , Tran Quang Nhat , Nguyen Huu-Quang , Nguyen My-Chi , Lee Jaebeom , Truong-Lam Hai Son
Published: February 2025

This study explores the efficacy of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (M-CNCs) derived from Borassus flabellifer fruit husk as a sustainable adsorbent for the removal of nickel ions (Ni²⁺) from aqueous solutions. M-CNCs were synthesized through a multistep process: microcrystalline cellulose extraction, nanocrystal isolation, and nanocrystal carboxylation. The response surface methodology was used to optimize Ni²⁺ adsorption through a systematic evaluation of its influencing parameters. The M-CNCs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy, which confirmed the successful modification and structural integrity of the nanocrystals. The Ni²⁺ adsorption capacity of the M-CNCs was assessed under varying experimental conditions, including pH, temperature, adsorbent mass, and initial Ni²⁺ concentration. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that chemisorption was the rate-limiting step. Notably, the M-CNCs demonstrated a selective affinity for Ni²⁺ ions in a synthetic battery solution, achieving an adsorption yield of approximately 70%. Thus, the M-CNCs possess significant potential for Ni²⁺ recovery from electronic waste and for wastewater treatment applications.
Revisiting the Organisational DNA Metaphor: Unlocking Genetic Potential
Authors: Madi Katombe
Published: February 2025

Strategic management researchers reckon that the combination of the biology and genetics reality with the management science, could provide effective steps in improving and developing organizations; hence, the initiative paradigm shift of organisational DNA metaphor. This study embarks on an in-depth review of both the organisational DNA concept and the DNA knowledge frontier - firstly, to assess whether the organisational DNA metaphor and academic discussions are warranted; secondly, if advanced DNA knowledge could be integrated into the organisational DNA concept for the betterment of operations management; and if so, thirdly, provide a spectrum of organisational DNA model. The review of DNA knowledge frontier reveals that the genome (DNA) has two components - the “coding DNA” (or Genes) and “non-coding DNA”. Their integration into organisational concept has enabled to establish an analogy: The “coding DNA” (or Genes) that contains the instructions needed for an organism to grow and survive, – translates into unique organizational traits (“structure, decision rights, motivators, and information”); The “non-coding DNA” that controls genes activity (“transcription, and hence, translation, or can switch genes on and off”) and ensures correct chromosomes bundling, which is vital for cell survival, – translates into renewal and innovation without which an organisation survival is compromised. The study proposes a spectrum of organisational DNA model and establishes a pivotal point for re-alignment between internal and external environments.
THE LATEST NAMES OF PROFESSIONS IN THE MEDIA SPACE
Authors: TERESHCHENKO Svitlana
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes the modern fixations of the latest NOPRD, which are not listed in official sources – registers, classifiers, dictionaries. Such names are differentiated primarily according to the branch or field of operation, taking into account the socio-cultural reasons for the appearance of these units. Among the certified neolexem-NOPRD, three groups are distinguished: 1. NOPRD, which renewed connectivity, specifying the innovativeness of the spheres of socio-economic and socio-cultural life of modern man, as well as methods and techniques of work; 2. Innovations to designate rare types of human activity; 3. Innovative names of future professions, positions, areas of activity. A feature of neolexes is the expansion of conjugacy, i.e. call basic words – generic concepts – in the NOPRD system, such as specialist, specialist, engineer, architect, designer, builder, consultant, etc. We are also observing the phenomenon of integration of knowledge, thought processes, characteristic of each professional activity, which affects the formation of innovative non-profit organizations. Such new names are due to extra lingual factors, namely the trends of globalization, intensive digitization of almost all spheres and branches of life in many countries of the world, the renewing nature of the professional activity of specialists and, accordingly, the social demand for new professions, as well as linguistic ones, in particular, the ability of language to form new nominations for the designation of names of persons, taking into account the activity. The NOPRDs, spread in the mass media discourse, indicate the need for deep comprehensive knowledge, abilities and skills in various sciences and practices, primarily in the field of IT technologies and those integrated with it, in particular environmental, medical, military, etc. The NOPRDs, spread in the mass media discourse, indicate the need for deep comprehensive knowledge, abilities and skills in various sciences and practices, primarily in the field of IT technologies and those integrated with it, in particular environmental, medical, military, etc.
Sustainable Use of Spent Bleaching Earth as Partial Cement Substitute in Cement Sand Brick
Authors: Tan Thomas , Mohamad Habib Musa , Asrah Hidayati , Whyte Andrew
Published: February 2025

This study investigates a use of spent bleaching earth pozzolanic, byproduct of biodiesel production, as sustainable substitute in the cement mortar. As a waste material, spent bleaching earth pozzolanic present viable solution for enhances construction materials while reducing environmental impact. The study aims to assess spent bleaching earth pozzolanic effectiveness as a partial cement replacement in a cement mortar, focusing on its effect on material properties and structural performance at varying replacement levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Tests conducted include the sieving analysis, water absorption, and compressive strength. The results indicate Portland limestone cement in 75 µm pan sieve weighed for 69 g, and a spent bleaching earth pozzolanic weighed for 77 g, with respective indicating a potential for improved particle packing. By increasing the spent bleaching earth pozzolanic in Portland limestone cement with river sand for cement sand brick, reduce the water absorption values of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% spent bleaching earth pozzolanic for 9.8%, 9.6%, 9.4%, 9.2%, 9.1%, and 9% at 28 days. The packing packed of Portland limestone cement, spent bleaching earth pozzolanic, and river sand showed as spent bleaching earth pozzolanic increased, the water demand slightly decreased, resulting in compressive strength values suitable for load-bearing application. Finding suggest spent bleaching earth pozzolanic effective as binder at 20% replacement, providing enhance performance without compromising cement sand brick strength, thus supporting the material’s potential in the eco-friendly construction. This research contributes to the sustainable utilization of the industrial byproducts, proposing spent bleaching earth pozzolanic as viable ingredient in building materials that balances mechanical properties with environmental benefits.
Analysis Of Ergonomic Lecturer Work Chair Design With Anthropometric Method
Authors: Trisolvena Nana
Published: February 2025

Ergonomic lecturer chairs following the dimensions of the lecturer's body need to be designed so that lecturers can be healthy and comfortable in carrying out the duties of education, research, and community service. Body dimensions that can be used to design lecturer chairs are upright sitting height (TDT), front hand reach (JTD), shoulder width (LB), and hand length (PT). The research was conducted to analyze lecturer complaints during work and design ergonomic work chairs. The method used in this study is the anthropometric method. The results showed that the most complaints on the neck, shoulders, legs (calves), and ankles were 15.58% respectively followed by knees 11, 69%, and thighs 7.79%. From the measurement of the body, dimensions obtained ? TDT 84 cm, ? 3,117; ? JDT 69.5 cm, ? 4.89; ? LB 42.75 cm, ? 2.915 and ? PT 40.86 cm, ? 4.357 with normally distributed data. 5th percentile TDT 80 cm, 50th TDT 84 cm, 95th TDT 90.65 cm. 5th percentile JTD 63.15 cm, le-50 JTD 72 cm, 95th KTD 77.85 cm. 5th percentile LB 38.9 cm, 50th LB 43.5 cm and 95th LB 47 cm. 5th percentile PT 34.9 cm, 50th PT 43 cm and 95th PT 16.55 cm. The conclusion of designing ergonomic lecturer chairs is following the percentile value obtained using body dimensions.
Self-consistent Solutions of Evolving Nuclear Star Clusters with Two-dimensional Monte Carlo Dynamical Simulations
Authors: Zhang Fupeng , Amaro Seoane Pau
Published: February 2025

We recently developed a Monte Carlo method (GNC) that can simulate the dynamical evolution of a nuclear star cluster (NSC) with a massive black hole (MBH), where the two-body relaxations can be solved by the Fokker–Planck equations in energy and angular momentum space. Here we make a major update of GNC by integrating stellar potential and adiabatic invariant theory, so that we can study the self-consistent dynamics of NSCs with increasing mass of the MBH. We perform tests of the self-adaptation of cluster density due to MBH mass growth and Plummer core collapse, both finding consistent results with previous studies, the latter having a core collapse time of ∼17t
rh by GNC, where t
rh is the time of half-mass relaxation. We use GNC to study the cosmological evolution of the properties of NSCs and the mass of MBHs assuming that the mass growth of the MBH is due to loss-cone accretion of stars (e.g., tidal disruption of stars) and stellar black holes, and we compare the simulation results with the observations of NSCs in the Milky Way or nearby galaxies. It is possible for such a scenario to produce MBHs with mass 105–107
M
⊙ for NSCs with stellar mass of 106–109
M
⊙. In the Milky Way's NSC, to grow an MBH up to 4 × 106
M
⊙, its size needs to be ∼1.7 times more compact in early Universe than the current value. MBHs with current masses >6 × 107
M
⊙ seem difficult to explain by loss-cone accretion alone, and thus they may require other additional accretion channels, such as gas accretion.
Just the tip of the iceberg: uncovering a hyperdiverse clade of African Russula (Basidiomycota, Russulales, Russulaceae) species with signs of evolutionary habitat adaptations
Authors: Manz Cathrin , Amalfi Mario , Buyck Bart , Hampe Felix , Yorou Nourou S. , Adamčík Slavomír , Piepenbring Meike
Published: February 2025

The diversity within the ectomycorrhizal genus Russula (Basidiomycota) in West Africa is largely unexplored. The study area was Benin, where only ten out of the 159 species endemic to tropical Africa have been previously reported. We focused on “Afrovirescentinae”, which is a monophyletic lineage within Russula subgen. Heterophyllidiae sister to subsect. Virescentinae. The phylogenetic placement of this clade was analysed using sequence data from ITS, LSU, mtSSU, tef1, rpb1 and rpb2 regions. Ten “Afrovirescentinae” species are recognised, described and illustrated from Benin. Four of them, R. carmesina, R. hiemisilvae, R. inflata and R. sublaevis, were previously published. Five species, Russula acrialbidasp. nov., R. beenkeniisp. nov., R. coronatasp. nov., R. floraesp. nov. and R. spectabilissp. nov., are newly described. Species within this group are characterised by densely reticulated spore ornamentation, but they exhibit considerable variation in field appearance and pileipellis structure. In gallery forests, their basidiomata are ephemeral, small and their basidiospores have prominent ornamentation; while in savannah woodlands, the basidiomata are fleshy, large and basidiospores present low ornamentation. We suggest that these morphological traits may represent evolutionary adaptations to a specific environmental condition. We analysed the species richness, ecological range and distribution of the “Afrovirescentinae” clade globally based on data from the UNITE database, estimating a total diversity of 94 species primarily distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, but also in the Neotropics. Four additional previously described species not detected in Benin were assigned to this clade, based on holotype sequencing. Several species are widely distributed across tropical Africa and do not show specificity regarding their associated plant symbionts.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of community pharmacists towards providing counselling on acid suppressant medications in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ali Mohammad Daud , Mubarak Aldhufairi Danah , Nadir Alharbi Lama , Qalaf Zahraa Yousif , Algheryafi Maryam Adel , Almarhoon Lujain Essa , Almohsen Fatimah Saleh , Al Trefe Zainab , Aslam Nousheen , Banu Nuzhat , Ahmad Ayaz , Amin Yousif
Published: February 2025

Acid suppressant medications, widely used to manage gastric acid secretions and related disorders, rely heavily on the expertise of community pharmacists. This underscores the importance of understanding community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding counseling on acid-suppressant medications. A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted from the end of 23rd August 2024 to the beginning of 30th September 2024. This study showed that most participants, 146 (64.6%), were females. 119 (52.65%), participants have good knowledge regarding acid suppressants vs. 107 (47.35%) with poor knowledge. Additionally, 101 (84%) of participants who have good knowledge state that they have direct interaction or contact with patients/customers, while only 18 (15.13%) (p-value = 0.15) of participants have no direct interaction or contact with patients/customers. Patients in Saudi Arabia are typically prescribed acid-suppressant drugs by community pharmacists. Over-the-counter (OTC) acid suppressant pharmaceuticals used in community pharmacy settings must be managed to ensure patient and drug safety.
L’expérience de deuil des jeunes adultes aidants : une étude qualitative exploratoire
Authors: Flahault Cécile , Mesplede Morgane , El Haïk-Wagner Nicolas
Published: February 2025

En France, 15,9 % des étudiants (18-25 ans) apportent une aide significative et régulière à un proche malade et sont considérés comme des jeunes adultes aidants. Alors que ce rôle influe sur les différents domaines de vie du jeune, peu de travaux s’intéressent à leur vécu des situations de fin de vie et de décès du proche aidé. 15 entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de jeunes adultes aidants afin d’explorer la manière dont ces derniers vivent le deuil du proche aidé. Les résultats révèlent le vécu subjectif de cette perte et le processus de mise en place d’un nouveau quotidien. Si l’expérience de deuil des jeunes adultes aidants présente un certain nombre de traits communs avec le processus de deuil des jeunes, elle se distingue aussi par des spécificités propres à l’aidance et à l’orphelinage.
Evaluation and Detection of Cyberattack in IoT-Based Smart City Networks Using Machine Learning on the UNSW-NB15 Dataset
Authors: Ali Mubashir , Pervez Shahbaz , Hosseini Seyed Ebrahim , Siddu Muhammad Kashif
Published: February 2025

With the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices across various applications, for example, smart homes, drones, and healthcare, the security vulnerabilities have also increased, necessitating robust network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). This study focuses on the classification of cyberattacks, including denial of service (DoS), worms, and backdoor attacks, from normal network traffic using the UNSW-NB15 dataset. machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models, such as decision tree (DT) classifier, K-nearest-neighbor (KNN) classifier, linear regression, linear support vector machine, logistic regression (LR), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), and random forest (RF), were employed for both binary and multi-class classification. Data preprocessing involved handling null values, one-hot encoding categorical variables, and normalizing numerical features. Feature selection was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient method, reducing the dataset attributes significantly. The models demonstrated high accuracy in detecting anomalies, with the RF classifier achieving the highest accuracy of 98.64% for binary classification and notable performance across multi-class classifications. This study underscores the effectiveness of ML techniques in enhancing IoT network security and offers comprehensive insights.
Quel concept d’histoire pour penser l’histoire de la métaphysique ?
Authors: Authier Raphaël
Published: February 2025

Comment comprendre le rapport de l’histoire de la philosophie comprise comme une pratique historienne, et l’histoire de la métaphysique, forme sous laquelle la philosophie se présente à ceux qui l’étudient ? La question est d’autant plus importante chez ceux qui, comme Jean-Luc Marion, soulignent la nécessité de ne pas comprendre l’histoire de la métaphysique par référence au concept ordinaire d’histoire. Il s’agit ici de se demander sur quel concept d’histoire (au sens du mouvement historique que l’on étudie) fonder l’étude historique de la philosophie (au sens du récit et du regard rétrospectif que l’on met en place), à partir de l’œuvre de Jean-Luc Marion.
Wellbeing in Wales: a question of sustainability, economics, law, morality, and politics
Authors: Bory Stephanie
Published: February 2025

When the Wellbeing of Future Generations (Wales) Act, voted in the Senedd, received Royal Assent in 2015, Carl Sargeant AM (Assembly Member), the sponsoring minister, declared that Wales had placed sustainable development at the heart of all public policies. The Act states that the effect of decisions on the needs of future generations must be factored into the decision-making process. It enshrines into law that the wellbeing of the current and future people of Wales is explicitly the core purpose of the government of Wales. The Welsh Act was then hailed as a landmark not just for Wales, but also for other European countries. This paper studies the core principles of this revolutionary act and the extent to which the Welsh Government has been able to implement and respect it.
“Eu não posso me sentir… prejudicado”: os discursos da branquitude sobre justiça racial
Authors: Cunha Amanda
Published: February 2025

Parte fundamental da discussão acerca da necessidade de reparar os legados históricos de pobreza e violência, criados pelo colonialismo nas metrópoles europeias e em suas antigas colônias, é o posicionamento que os sujeitos brancos assumem quando é preciso analisar o seu lugar histórico de beneficiários da exploração racial. Neste artigo, buscamos compreender as diferentes formas de posicionamento adotadas pela branquitude quando convidada a refletir o significado do conceito de justiça racial. A análise revelou a produção de discursos que se dividem em três vertentes: o da completa negação dos crimes coloniais e, consequentemente, da necessidade de repará‑los; o da transmutação da justiça racial para uma noção de justiça social; e, por fim, o da definição de justiça racial como um sinônimo de reparação histórica.
Argel: cidade global de exílio, resistência e luta anticolonial
Authors: Bebiano Rui
Published: February 2025

Durante a maior parte das décadas de 1960‑1970, Argel, capital da Argélia – um Estado independente desde julho de 1962, após uma guerra longa e sangrenta com a França – tornou-se, por vontade dos dirigentes progressistas, terceiro‑mundistas, pan‑africanistas e socialistas que então a governavam, um lugar único de exílio, acolhimento e apoio logístico que recebeu milhares de combatentes e largas dezenas de organizações em luta contra diversas ditaduras, o imperialismo e o colonialismo. Foi esta a razão pela qual, a partir de uma ideia de Amílcar Cabral, a cidade passou a ser frequentemente designada “Meca da Revolução”, enquanto Manuel Alegre lhe chamou “capital da utopia”. Muitos desses residentes temporários falavam português, chegados de Portugal e do Brasil, onde combatiam as ditaduras, e das então colónias portuguesas de África, onde lutavam de armas na mão pela liberdade e pela independência. Este artigo propõe um olhar panorâmico sobre esta realidade.
De Mfoa, Kuna, Ntamo, Kintamo, Mavula, Kintambo ou Tandala a Brazzaville: memória de uma cidade solidária das lutas anticoloniais e anti-imperialistas
Authors: Mabeko‑Tali Jean‑Michel
Published: February 2025

Fundada em 1880 pelo explorador Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, no local da antiga localidade teke de Mfoa, Brazzaville simbolizou a ocupação colonial francesa na bacia do Congo. Ponto nodal da África Equatorial Francesa, tornar-se-ia sucessivamente o centro administrativo da colónia do Médio Congo e a capital da França Livre durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Como capital da República do Congo após a independência, Brazzaville desempenhou um papel importante na solidariedade com outros povos africanos que lutavam pela sua independência. O artigo aborda esta trajetória.
Big Five Personality Types and Organizational Commitment in the Hospitality Industry of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authors: Mendis B. A. K. M.
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the connection between personality traits and the organization commitment of 275 employees in the hospitality industry. The study is rooted in the statistical analysis of information gathered from 275 professionals in Sri Lanka. The findings indicate that agreeableness and conscientiousness personality traits exhibit correlations with various aspects of organizational commitment. Specifically, they are positively associated with affective commitment and normative commitment while negatively linked to continuance commitment. These results are expected to have a lasting impact on both the human resources management strategies within the hospitality industry and the future research endeavors of academics in this field.
Sustained Business Growth through Transformational Leadership and Stakeholder Management: The Story of Hela Holdings
Authors: Rasanjani Dhanushka , Rathnayake Samantha
Published: February 2025

The world is changing dynamically day by day and during the last couple of years we have had to face a broad range of global supply chain disruptions successively where many nations and industries have been disturbed. For instance, natural disasters such as floods have stopped plant operations and Covid-19 pandemic has created cargo blockages, flight cancellations and millions of deaths while breaking down most economies with unemployment, stock market crashes and oil price wars. Also, geopolitical disputes such as Brexit and US China trade war have caused imposing tariffs and retaliates while adversely impacting especially the apparel industry. USA and EU being Hela’s key customer bases and China being one of the key suppliers at that time, Hela has badly impacted during the recent past. Further, due to the political unrest in Sri Lanka, the livelihood was heavily impacted with fuel, gas and other essential goods shortages, power cuts and curfew imposing while creating a huge dollar crisis to run businesses as usual. All these prolonged epidemics have resulted in hyperinflation plus imposing a huge tax burden with new tax regulations and the sustenance of most industries has been eventually interrupted. Apparel industry is amidst those interrupted industries which is one of the key foreign-income generators in Sri Lanka. Annually, Hela is exporting nearly USD 280 million and has contributed a significant portion as an apparel manufacturer. It is a Sri Lankan multinational company which is headquartered in Colombo and is determined to establish its global presence by their world class apparel solutions. During this era, how Hela has managed to sustain their business growth is exemplary to all the apparel manufacturers in the industry as well as the new businesses to enter to the market. By perusing previous literature, the main drivers namely: transformational leadership, stakeholder management and sustainable product solutions for sustained business growth were studied to articulate the theoretical underpinnings where the conceptual framework was constructed. Importantly, eleven in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions were conducted based on convenience sampling as the primary sources and websites, LinkedIn pages, annual reports and company documents were referred as secondary sources. After all, it is evident that the key drivers had led the sustained business growth of Hela which would be helpful for all the competitors and new entrants in the same setting.
Flexible Working Arrangement on Job Performance of Executives in IT Industry, Sri Lanka
Authors: Harshani M. D. R.
Published: February 2025

IT is vital in the Sri Lankan economy and has become Sri Lanka's largest service industry. With the current economic and the post-COVID pandemic situation in the country, organizations have not been able to achieve the expected performance of their employees. Therefore, organizations are considering flexible working arrangements. However, though flexible work arrangements have been used, they have not achieved the expected employee performance, which has become a significant problem for organizations. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the impact of flexible working arrangements on job performance through the mediating role of supervisor support. Further, this study emphasized finding solutions to improve flexible working arrangements to get expected employee job performance with supervisor support. This was conducted as a cross-sectional, quantitative field study among 152 executives and above-carders selected from three (03) leading IT companies. The study was conducted using a simple random sampling method, and the unit of analysis was individual level. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and simple regression were applied to analyze data using SPSS. The findings revealed a moderate positive relationship between flexible working arrangements and job performance. Furthermore, flexible working arrangements significantly impact job performance. The supervisor support has not depicted a significant mediation impact. In conclusion, supervisor support is a mediator between flexible work arrangements and job performance.
The Impact of Training and Development on Employee Retention in Clothing Manufacturing Organization in Sri Lanka
Authors: Karunaratne Irusha , Weerarathna Ranitha Sachinthana , Somawardena Sanduni , Jayasuriya Nipunee
Published: February 2025

The importance of human resources in an organization cannot be overstated. Organizations strive to attract the most talented individuals to their organization while also attempting to retain them. Training and Development have been identified as a key factor in the promotion of Employee Retention. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of training and development on the retention of employees within a clothing manufacturing organization. This study utilized a quantitative research approach. 145 factory employees were selected as the sample using Simple random sampling. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), which employed both descriptive and inferential statistics, including regression and correlation, to evaluate the data. The results of the study demonstrate a positive relationship between training and development and employee retention.
Thermal Expansion Control of Printed Circuit Boards Using Copper-Molybdenum Composite Materials
Authors: Ito Yohei , Takanishi Kenjiro , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Fujiwara Keisuke , Arai Hitoshi
Published: February 2025

In recent years, there has been a strong demand for electronic devices to be miniaturized, lightweight, and high-performing. As a result, there has been progress in downsizing and increasing the output of components, as well as high-density mounting of components, leading to an increase in heat generation on the printed circuit board (PCB). Since rising component temperatures can lead to component failure, efficient heat removal is an urgent issue. Damage caused by thermal stress is also a major problem. Repeated temperature changes can cause fractures or cracks inside the PCB or in the joints between the PCB and mounted components, resulting in poor conduction. The main factor contributing to this thermal stress is the mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between materials. To ensure the reliability of PCBs with mounted components, it is necessary to reduce the thermal stress that occurs between the PCB and the components. We have focused on Cu-Mo composite materials with high thermal conductivity, high elastic modulus, and low thermal expansion, and have developed PCBs with low thermal expansion and high heat dissipation by utilizing these materials. In this study, we concentrated on the low thermal expansion of PCBs made with Cu-Mo composite materials and demonstrated the possibility of controlling the CTE of PCBs by adjusting the volume content of the Cu-Mo composite in the inner layer.
On-Shore Assembly Solutions for Long-Lifecycle Systems
Authors: Fontanilla Edward
Published: February 2025

With the growing instability of overseas semiconductor supply chains, domestic manufacturing solutions provide a secure and steady alternative through flexible and responsive production strategies customized to meet each customer’s unique requirements to ensure stability and reliability. Mature technologies continue to drive volatility for long-lifecycle systems. This paper will explore the technical capabilities and infrastructure investments that allow customized onshore assembly and testing and reduce supply chain risks.

Advancing products and developing technologies, such as BGA (Ball Grid Array), QFN (Quad Flat No Leads), and Flip Chip, allow domestic facilities to prototype modern designs, scale pilot volumes, and ramp to high-mix, low-volume production while swiftly adapting to the ever-changing demand landscape. In collaboration with universities and vocational programs, local workforce training nurtures skilled labor pools that excel in handling intricate assembly tasks.

By leveraging domestic infrastructure for packaging, testing, reliability analysis, and failure diagnosis, manufacturers can expedite delivery times and just-in-time inventory management for long-life semiconductor products. Manufacturers can ensure that semiconductor components meet the stringent durability and lifespan requirements of long-lifecycle systems by conducting rigorous reliability testing and lifecycle analysis in domestic failure analysis laboratories.

Onshore facilities specializing in high-mix, low-volume production provide a reliable solution to combat disruptions in offshore supply chains. With their extensive expertise, well-established infrastructure, and adaptable manufacturing strategies, domestic partners assist companies in navigating through ever-changing market dynamics and uncertainties.

This paper will also outline strategies to mitigate risks, streamline production timelines, reduce expenses through consolidating manufacturing in one facility, and establish resilient supply chains for semiconductor systems with long lifecycles. It will shed light on areas that have been overlooked amidst the excitement surrounding the latest semiconductor fabrication technologies and the forefront of the now-defunct Moore’s Law, all while focusing on the practical realities essential for today’s long-term system companies.
Heterogeneous Integration Structure - FOSub for High End Product Substrate Development
Authors: Lee Sheng , Chung Yan Wen , Huang Wen Hung , Huang Min Lung , Lin Yue Nung , Fang Jen Kuang
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces an innovative new structure designed to achieve the highly growth of High speed computing (HPC), especially the application for Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) and Internet of things (IoT). In the ever-evolving landscape of Generative AI, advancements have been remarkable, albeit accompanied by a growing reliance on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and the significance of computational processing systems. Traditionally, both GPUs and CPUs have utilized Ball Grid Array (BGA) boards coupled with either Flip-Chip on Substrate (FOCoS) or Chip-on-Wafer-on-Substrate (CoWOS) packaging. These configurations involved the stacking of multiple layers of substrates to achieve the high speed computational performance. However, this paper presents a novel structure which combine both the Fan-Out Redistribution Layer (RDL) & substrate technology. This breakthrough not only marks a significant leap in the capabilities of substrate manufacturing processes but also enables the attainment of a remarkable line width and spacing of L/S=2/2um. The consequential advantages include reduction in processing time and a substantial enhancement in the overall yield of the manufacturing process. Also, the structure has a mainly improve by the Fan-Out technology, can connect the top die without silicon interposer, and different from the Flip-Chip on Substrate (FOCoS) structure with the solder free connection.

Through the comparison of electrical simulations and actual samples, the study demonstrates that the performance of the new packaging structure is comparable to traditional 4-2-2L BGA boards, with no significant loss observed in the S21 parameter. Furthermore, by employing Fan-Out RDL technology, the number of substrate layers can be reduced, and compatibility with the 4-2-4L FOSub structure is achieved by utilizing Redistribution Layers (RDL) effectively. Encouragingly, reliability tests have been successfully passed, including PKG MSL3/TCT1000 cycle tests, further validating the reliability and stability of the new packaging structure.
Formulating research questions in social science research
Authors: Van der Waldt Gerrit
Published: February 2025

Formulating clear and focussed research questions is a fundamental step in social science research because the questions shape the design, methodology and analysis of the entire study. Well-crafted research questions define the scope of inquiry, align with methodological approaches and contribute to theoretical advancement. To facilitate this process, several frameworks have been developed to guide the creation of primary and secondary research questions in the social sciences. Potential frameworks guiding the formulation of research questions include Feasible, Interesting, Novel, Ethical, Relevant, Management, Appropriate, Potential Value, Publishable, Systematic (FINERMAPS), Population, Exposure, Outcome (PEO), Population, Interest, Comparison or Context, Outcome, Time (PICOT) and Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type (SPIDER). Each of these offers a structured approach to identifying key components of a research problem, ensuring clarity, precision and relevance. Secondary research questions derived from these frameworks help deepen the investigation by addressing subcomponents of the main problem. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how social science researchers can utilise these frameworks to construct researchable, specific questions that address complex social phenomena. A literature review is conducted following an abstract conceptual design within an interpretivist research paradigm. The article comprises an outline of common challenges experienced when formulating research questions, including scope definition, ethical considerations and balancing feasibility with academic rigour. Practical examples are provided illustrating how FINERMAPS, PEO, PICOT and SPIDER can be utilised in the formulation of research questions. By critically examining these frameworks, this article equips researchers with the tools to overcome challenges and improve the formulation of research questions, leading to robust and insightful social science research.Transdisciplinary contribution: The significance of inter-, multi- and transdisciplinarity in the formulation of research questions in the social sciences is expounded by accentuating the ways in which the knowledge domains and methodologies of multiple disciplines create a comprehensive understanding of complex social phenomena. A new corpus of knowledge usually emerges from research that transcends individual disciplines.
Derivation of a CT Angiography-Based Arch Atherosclerosis Grading in Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wadhwa Ankur , Singh Ravinder-Jeet , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Menon Bijoy K , Nambiar Poornima N , Kathuveetil Arun , Kannath Santhosh , Chhabra Manik , Sylaja PN , Demchuk Andrew M , Bal Simerpreet
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives:

We aimed to develop a novel computed tomography angiography (CTA)-based grading system to quantify the severity of aortic arch disease and compare the detection of aortic arch atherosclerosis (AAAthero) on routinely acquired arch-to-vertex CTA against transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) among patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke.

Methods:

A systematic literature review was conducted to develop a computed tomography (CT)-based AAAthero grading system. CTA was compared against TEE for detecting AAAthero. The severity of arch atherosclerosis was scored based on a 5-point grading system. Patients with cryptogenic stroke who underwent both CTA and TEE were included in the derivation cohort to assess the sensitivity and specificity of CTA compared to TEE. The CT-based grading system for aortic plaques was then applied to an independent cohort of patients with cryptogenic stroke.

Results:

Three studies were identified in a systematic review, and 141 patients were included in the derivation cohort. AAAthero was detected in 29 patients (20.6%) and 28 patients (19.9%) on TEE and CTA, respectively. The sensitivity of CTA to detect any atherosclerosis was 76%, which increased to 100% to detect moderate to severe disease. The specificity was 95% for any atherosclerosis and 100% for moderate to severe arch disease. Seven patients with AAAthero on TEE had normal CTA, but mild arch disease. Meanwhile, six patients with CTA and negative TEE had plaques on the arch’s transverse segment.

Conclusions:

Routinely acquired arch-to-vertex CTA provides an accurate, noninvasive alternative to TEE for detecting AAAthero, especially in clinically relevant moderate to severe arch disease.
Role of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Detecting Subclinical Synovitis in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Single-center Study on 1650 Joints
Authors: Abdrapo Heba M. , Shahba Abeer A. , Elsawy Abdallah A. , Noor Rasha A. Abdel
Published: February 2025

Background:

Musculoskeletal and joint affection represents one of the most common manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) has proven to be a valuable technique in detection of inflammatory and structural damage. The aim is to detect the role of MSUS in revealing subclinical synovitis in SLE patients without any joint manifestations and to correlate the finding with laboratory parameters.

Methodology:

We conducted this cross-sectional study on 75 persons: 50 SLE patients and 25 healthy subjects. MSUS with power Doppler of hand and wrist joints (22 joints for each patient and total joints examined for all patients 1650 joints) was done for all subjects.

Results:

Our study detected synovitis in 33 (44%) subjects, 6 of them (8%) have inactive SLE), 9 (12%) have mild active SLE, 5 (6.6%) have moderate active SLE and 13 (17.3%) are healthy control and as regard number of joints affected synovitis detected in 69 joints (4.18% of all joints examined), 6 (0.36%) joints were in inactive SLE group, 20 (1.2%) joints in mild active SLE group, 15 (0.9%) joints in moderate active SLE group and 28 (1.69%) joints in control group. SLE patients were statistically had more significant synovitis and the number of joints affected were more than normal control, also moderately active lupus patients had more significant synovitis and more affected joints than mildly active and inactively diseased persons. Synovitis correlated positively with erythrocyte sedimentation rate and anti-dsDNA and negatively with C4.

Conclusion:

MSUS is very helpful in detecting subclinical synovitis in lupus patients without joint manifestation, especially if inflammation markers are elevated.
Unusual Presentation of Anti-SAE 100 Myositis: Recurrent Pericardial Effusion and Respiratory Muscle Involvement in Absence of Cutaneous and Proximal Muscle Weakness
Authors: Al Nuaimi Maryam , Dahani Assadullah , Alsadeh Ghamdan A. , Ali Ahmed Mohamed , Ehsan Adeel
Published: February 2025

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a group of clinically heterogeneous autoimmune inflammatory muscular disorders characterized by muscular weakness and multisystem involvement. Antibodies against the small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme (SAE) are one of the rarer phenotypes associated with dermatomyositis. We report a case of a 69-year-old female with a known history of hypertension and dyslipidemia, who had recurrent admissions due to shortness of breath over 6 months and was diagnosed with pericardial effusion of unknown etiology. She later presented to the emergency department with severe shortness of breath and dysphagia. Initially, she was placed on noninvasive ventilation and later required mechanical ventilation. Extensive workup revealed positive SAE-100 antibodies and low-titer anti-JO antibodies suggestive of SAE100 myositis. All imaging studies, including computed tomography neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and mammography, were unremarkable. The patient was treated with prednisolone (80 mg daily) and intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg over 5 days). She responded well, was extubated, and continued on prednisolone (1 mg/kg) and azathioprine (100 mg daily) (DOSE OF MEDICINES). The diagnosis was challenging due to the unusual clinical presentation. To the best of our knowledge, this specific manifestation of anti-SAE 100 antibodies associated with myositis has not been previously documented in the literature.
Comparison between opioid-based anaesthesia technique and opioid-free anaesthesia technique in patients undergoing laparotomy for gynaecological malignancy: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kalagara Reshma , Bhoi Debesh , Subramaniam Rajeshwari , Baidya Dalim Kumar , Maitra Souvik , Talawar Praveen
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:

To investigate whether opioid-free anaesthesia (OFA) or opioid-based anaesthesia (OBA) technique with ultrasound (US)-guided rectus sheath block (RSB) provides early recovery and less opioid-related side effects in patients undergoing laparotomy for gynaecological malignancy.

Methods:

This was a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Fifty female patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I–II, aged 18–65 years, and scheduled to undergo elective gynaecological laparotomy under general anaesthesia were included. The patients were randomised into two groups. Both received US-guided RSB with 10 mL of local anaesthetic on each side. Group OBA (n = 25) received intravenous (IV) fentanyl 2 μg/kg at induction and 0.5 μg/kg as rescue analgesic. Group OFA (n = 25) received IV dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg bolus over 10 min at induction, followed by 0.3 μg/kg/h infusion) and ketamine (0.25 mg/kg before incision, 0.15 mg/kg as rescue analgesic). The primary outcome was the time to attain post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge criteria. Time to eye-opening, time to extubation, time to shift to PACU, postoperative pain as visual analogue score (VAS), time to first rescue, total 24-h morphine consumption, and any postoperative nausea and vomiting till 24 h were also noted as secondary outcomes.

Results:

The time to attain PACU discharge criteria was comparable between the groups; however, the time to extubation and time to shift to the PACU was higher in Group OFA (P = 0.043 and P = 0.046, respectively). Other secondary outcomes were comparable (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

OFA provides comparable postoperative analgesia and time to attain PACU discharge in adult patients undergoing open gynaecological oncological surgery under general anaesthesia.
Comparison of BlockBuster® Laryngeal Mask Airway, King Vision® Video Laryngoscope, and flexible intubation scope for orotracheal intubation in adult patients with simulated immobilised cervical spine: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sinha Neha , Bhat Kharat , Khanuja Samiksha , Gupta Mahima , Wadhwani Megha , Panjiar Pratibha
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:

Flexible intubation scope, video laryngoscope and supraglottic airway device-guided tracheal intubation are suggested in cervical spine injury patients to avoid further exacerbation of cord injury. This study compared the intubation characteristics of BlockBuster laryngeal mask airway (BBLM), King Vision video laryngoscope (KKVL) and flexible intubation scope (FIS) in patients with simulated immobilised cervical spine.

Methods:

This study was performed on 120 adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation. Patients were randomly allocated to Group BBLM, Group KVVL and Group FIS. Time to intubation, first-attempt success rate and complications were recorded and compared between the three groups.

Results:

There was a significant difference in the mean total time for intubation between the groups (P < 0.0001). The success rate of the first attempt was 75% in Group BBLM, 77% in Group KVVL and 82.5% in Group FIS (P = 0.727). Complications like mucosal damage, oesophageal intubation, and incidence of sore throat and cough were comparable in the three groups.

Conclusion:

Intubation time was faster with BBLM and KVVL than with FIS in patients with simulated cervical spine immobilisation. The first-attempt success rate and complications were the same for all three devices.
Laparoscopic Management of Congenital Intrathoracic Stomach
Authors: Agarwal Sugandha , Dhua Anjan Kumar , Yadav Devendra Kumar , Jain Vishesh , Goel Prabudh , Agarwala Sandeep , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

This case report describes a rare presentation of a congenital intrathoracic stomach (CIS) managed successfully through laparoscopic surgery in an 11-month-old girl. The condition was complicated by symptoms of vomiting and failure to thrive. Imaging confirmed significant intrathoracic displacement of the stomach, necessitating prompt surgical intervention. This report highlights the rarity of CIS, especially in the pediatric population, and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate surgical management. Insights from conditions such as congenital short esophagus (CSE), serpentine-like syndrome, and associated anomalies were integrated to underline the differential diagnosis. Our approach underscores the role of minimally invasive surgery in ensuring effective outcomes.