bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID–19の第1波への対応についてのJAAM全国調査(JAAM nationwide survey on the response to the first wave of COVID–19 in Japan)
Authors: (Jun Oda) 織田 順 , (Takashi Muguruma) 六車 崇 , (Shigenari Matsuyama) 松山 重成 , (Seizan Tanabe) 田邉 晴山 , (Tetsuro Nishimura) 西村 哲郎 , (Yoko Sugawara) 菅原 洋子 , (Shinji Ogura) 小倉 真治
Published: April 2022

【目的】本邦における新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID–19）の第1波における医療スタッフ・設備・病床スペースの受け入れ能力と患者転帰を調査して明らかにすることを目的とした。【対象と方法】日本救急医学会救急科専門医指定施設を対象に，2020年5月末時点での調査を行い，回答を得た180病院（102,578床）のデータを解析した。【結果】COVID–19 による入院患者 4,938 例が解析された。1,100例の重症COVID–19入院患者のうち138例が死亡し，112例は入院中であった。重症 COVID–19 の擬似症例は 4,852例で，後になって感染例でないことが確認された。27病院（180病院中の15%）が集中治療室（ICU）をCOVID–19重症患者専用ユニットに変更し，107病院（59%）が重症COVID–19患者と非COVID–19患者の両方を同じICUで管理しなければならなかった。ICUへの入室制限は，前者27病院のうち1病院，後者107病院のうち21病院で発生した。個人用保護具については，N95マスクの不足が最も深刻な問題であった。ICU のベッド占有が高まる要因として重症度（42%），回復したが退室できない患者（28%），重症患者の経過が長いこと（36%），隔離解除基準の不明確さ（34%）などが挙げられた。救急科専門医の多くは地域の行政機関をアドバイザーやボランティアのコーディネーターとして支援していた。【結論】本研究におけるCOVID–19の死亡率は，全入院患者の4.1%，重症患者の12.5%であった。COVID–19専用ICUを構築した病院では，より多くの重症COVID–19患者に対応しておりICU入室制限率も低かったことから，隔離解除や一般病棟移動基準の明確化とともに次のパンデミック時の戦略として有用である可能性がある。
病院前救護活動における小児外傷患者に対する医療資機材の装備状況：全国調査(Prehospital medical equipment for care of pediatric injury patients in Japanese ambulances: a nationwide survey)
Authors: (Chiaki Toida) 問田 千晶 , (Takashi Muguruma) 六車 崇
Published: April 2022

【目的】病院前救護活動における小児外傷患者に対する医療資機材の装備状況を調査すること。【対象】2019年，全国728消防本部の救急責任者に対しアンケート調査を実施した。病院前救護における小児外傷患者に対する小児用医療資機材の配備状況を，資機材の種類とサイズをもとに調査した。0～14歳の小児傷病者の対応に必要な全サイズの医療資機材を装備している場合を完全版小児セットと定義した。【結果】599消防本部から回答を得た（回答率82%）。596本部（99.5%）が小児用資機材を配備していると回答した。一方で，完全版小児セットの装備率は，血圧計カフで5%，経鼻エアウェイ1%，経口エアウェイ7%，喉頭鏡6%，上気道デバイス13%，気管挿管チューブ，バッグバルブマスク23%と極めて低かった。さらに，今回調査した14種類の医療資機材のすべてにおいて完全版小児セットを装備していた消防本部はなかった。【結語】ほぼすべての消防本部が小児用資機材は装備していると回答したが，全年齢層の小児外傷患者に対して病院前救護を実施するため必要な小児用医療資機材の装備は不十分であった。
脆弱性恥骨骨折後に生じた化膿性恥骨骨髄炎および左大腿内転筋膿瘍から敗血症性ショックに至った1例(A case of septic shock caused by suppurative pubic osteomyelitis and muscle abscess in left thigh following fragility pubic fracture)
Authors: (Tomoya Suda) 須田 智也 , (Tomoko Hanawa) 花輪 智子 , (Yasuhiko Kaita) 海田 賢彦 , (Hiroshi Hasegawa) 長谷川 浩 , (Yoshihiro Yamaguchi) 山口 芳裕 , (Takeaki Matsuda) 松田　 剛明
Published: April 2022

開放性外傷や手術歴がない成人の恥骨骨髄炎は稀である。脆弱性左恥骨骨折の保存的加療中であった患者が，左恥骨骨髄炎と多発筋肉内膿瘍を発症し，敗血症性ショックとなった症例を経験した。脆弱性骨折の頻度が高い超高齢社会では，本症例と同様に脆弱骨折部分に感染を合併する症例の頻度が高くなる可能性が示唆されるため報告する。症例は76歳の女性。約4週間前に脆弱性左恥骨骨折と診断され保存療法が行われていた。搬送1時間前に突然の全身痛と呼吸困難感を訴え救急搬送された。画像検査で左恥骨融解像と恥骨に接する複数の筋肉内に膿瘍を認め，左恥骨骨髄炎および多発筋肉内膿瘍による敗血症性ショックと診断し得た。長期間の抗菌薬投与と外科的処置を行い，第85病日に転院となった。本症例は恥骨骨髄炎が原発巣であり，恥骨に付着する筋肉へ感染が波及して多発筋肉内膿瘍を形成したと推察した。骨髄炎の原因は，恥骨骨折周囲での血腫形成に，長期臥床に伴う褥瘡形成による菌血症が重なり，血腫感染を起こしたことが考えられた。脆弱性骨盤骨折は，保存療法により感染を伴わずに治癒する場合がほとんどだが，今回のように免疫不全となる既往歴がなくても骨折部分の骨髄炎を発症し，敗血症に至ることがある。骨髄炎はその頻度の少なさや非特異的な症状から診断が遅れる場合が多く，先行する骨折部位が骨髄炎を発症しうることを考慮して診療にあたる必要がある。
ダメージコントロール戦略で救命した広範囲非閉塞性腸管虚血の1例(A case of massive non–occlusive mesenteric ischemia survived by damage control strategy)
Authors: (Ayaka Matsuoka) 松岡 綾華 , (Satoshi Inoue) 井上 聡 , (Toru Miike) 三池 徹 , (Ryota Sakurai) 櫻井 良太 , (Yoshiaki Egashira) 江頭 秀哲 , (Shuhei Iwamoto) 岩本 脩平 , (Yuichirou Sakamoto) 阪本 雄一郎
Published: April 2022

症例は72歳の女性。既往に壊死性大腸炎にて大腸全摘術。前日からの嘔吐，意識障害のため救急搬送された。画像検査で小腸の全体的な拡張，右側腹部の小腸壁の造影不良を認めた。搬入時よりショック状態であり，血液検査ではアシドーシスと凝固障害を認めた。非閉塞性腸管虚血症，敗血症性ショックと診断してdamage control surgeryを含む集学的加療の方針とした。初回手術では，人工肛門から口側100cmの範囲でまだら状に色調不良を呈していたため同部位を切除し，術後に上腸間膜動脈から血管拡張薬療法を施行した。2回目の手術でさらに切除断端より口側80cmを追加切除した。また，十二指腸に色調不良を認めたため，術後に総肝動脈造影を施行したところ十二指腸壁の部分的描出不良を確認し，総肝動脈に対して選択的血管拡張薬動注療法を追加した。第5病日より循環動態が安定し，昇圧剤は終了とした。第18病日から経管栄養を開始，第125病日にリハビリ目的で転院となった。十二指腸を含む広範囲非閉塞性腸管虚血であり，また重篤な基礎疾患を有していたが，ダメージコントロール戦略を用いた手術と選択的血管拡張薬動注療法を組み合わせることで救命しえた症例を経験したため，報告する。
敗血症性ショックと鑑別が困難であった成人Still病の1例(A patient diagnosed with adult onset still’s disease mimicking sepsis: a case report)
Authors: (Nobuo Sasaki) 佐々木 庸郎 , (Yasusei Okada) 岡田　 保誠 , (Hiroshi Inagawa) 稲川　 博司 , (Naoki Kojima) 小島　 直樹 , (Takeaki Imamura) 今村　 剛朗 , (Satoshi Arino) 有野　 聡 , (Haruna Nohara) 野原　 春菜
Published: April 2022

成人Still病は，不明熱の重要な鑑別疾患の一つであるが，致死的な経過をたどることは稀である。今回我々は，致死的となりうる敗血症性ショック様の病態を呈した成人Still病の1例を経験したため報告する。症例は，特記すべき既往のない27歳の男性で，頭痛と発熱を主訴に当院を受診した。全身に皮疹を認めたが，特異的なものではなく，ヘラルドパッチと診断された。重症感染症の疑いで入院となり，入院後に血圧低下を来したため集中治療室入室となった。当初は，皮疹とハイキング歴から，リケッチア感染を筆頭とした敗血症性ショックを念頭においてミノサイクリンを含めた広域抗菌薬で治療を開始したが，抗菌薬の効果がなかったこと，山口の診断基準で，大項目2つ，小項目4つ該当し，フェリチンが1,900ng/mLと高値であったことから心筋炎を合併した成人Still病を疑った。呼吸不全の進行など，全身状態が悪化し，救命のためステロイドパルス療法による治療を開始した。ステロイド治療が著効し，循環動態，呼吸不全は急速に回復したため第12病日には集中治療室を退室し，第40病日に自宅退院となった。血液培養と各種感染症の抗体価は陰性であり，悪性腫瘍や膠原病も疑う所見がなかったため，成人Still病と確定診断した。
腸瘻造設後に血便で発見された下腹壁動脈損傷の1例(A case of inferior epigastric artery injury found in bloody stool after intestinal fistula construction)
Authors: (Keita Sato) 佐藤 啓太 , (Jyunji Uraki) 浦城 淳二 , (Toshiki Matsui) 松井 俊樹 , (Yoshihisa Tamura) 田村 佳久 , (Yosuke Yamauchi) 山内 洋介 , (Koji Takahashi) 高橋 幸二 , (Tsukasa Kusuta) 楠田 司
Published: April 2022

症例は86歳の男性。癒着に伴う絞扼性腸閉塞に対して小腸切除術および空腸に腸瘻造設術を行った。術後6日目に貧血の進行と血便を認めた。消化管出血が原因と考えたが，精査の結果，腸瘻カテーテルの腹壁貫通路に存在する左下腹壁動脈末梢の損傷による出血と診断した。腹直筋筋膜下の出血であり，interventional radiology（IVR）によって左下腹壁動脈を塞栓して止血を得た。血便という非常に稀な臨床所見で発見した腸瘻カテーテル関連の合併症であり，とくに左右下腹部を貫通させて造設した後の消化管出血の際には鑑別に挙げる必要がある。また，止血の際には局所麻酔下で出血点に到達できるIVRが有用と考えられた。
頭蓋底骨折後遅発性に鼻出血を契機に発見された内頸動脈仮性瘤の1例(A case of delayed discovery of a internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm by nosebleeds after skull base fracture)
Authors: (Ryosuke Nobe) 野邊 亮丞 , (Tomoya Hirose) 廣瀬 智也 , (Hajime Nakamura) 中村 元 , (Akihisa Konishi) 小西 昭久 , (Takeru Ebihara) 蛯原 健 , (Taro Irisawa) 入澤 太郎 , (Takeshi Shimazu) 嶋津 岳士
Published: April 2022

頭部外傷に伴う頭蓋底骨折はときに仮性動脈瘤を合併する。今回我々は，頭蓋底骨折後受傷時に損傷を認めなかった右内頸動脈に遅発性に仮性動脈瘤を形成した1例を経験したので報告する。症例は74歳の男性。約3mの高さから墜落し顔面を強打した。救急隊接触時，外表上頭部・顔面に外傷を認め，発語不能であったため，重症頭部外傷が疑われ当院へ搬送された。来院時CT検査において右視神経損傷を伴う頭蓋底骨折，脳挫傷，外傷性くも膜下出血，右肩甲骨骨折，多発肋骨骨折を認めたが，仮性動脈瘤は認めなかった。上記各外傷に対し保存的加療を行い，第19病日軽快転医となった。第38病日初回の鼻出血を認めた。第47病日中等量の鼻出血を認め，鼻腔内ガーゼ充填で止血を得た。第79病日より隔日で鼻出血を認めるようになったが，耳鼻科診察では鼻粘膜に特記すべき異常を認めなかった。第84病日多量の鼻出血と血圧低下，冷汗を認め，造影CTで右内頸動脈に仮性動脈瘤を認めたため，当院へ再度転医となった。第85病日右浅側頭動脈–中大脳動脈吻合術および右内頸動脈瘤コイル塞栓術を行い，第90病日MRAで瘤への血流がないことを確認した。第96病日に転医し，第106病日独歩退院となった。本症例では頭部外傷後の鼻出血により，仮性動脈瘤を発見し得た。頭蓋底骨折後の血管評価は受傷時に損傷を認めなくても継時的な画像評価などを慎重に行う必要がある。
超高齢の偶発性低体温症に対しVA–ECMOにより復温し救命し得た1例(Life–saving VA–ECMO rewarming in the oldest old with accidental hypothermia: a case report)
Authors: (Satoshi Ueno) 上野 智史 , (Makoto Onodera) 小野寺 誠 , (Kazuya Muto) 武藤 憲哉 , (Tetsuhiro Yano) 矢野 徹宏 , (Tsuyoshi Suzuki) 鈴木 剛 , (Yasuhiko Tsukada) 塚田 泰彦 , (Ken Iseki) 伊関 憲
Published: April 2022

偶発性低体温症（accidental hypothermia: AH）により難治性心室細動を来した超高齢者に対し，補助人工心肺であるVA–ECMO（veno–arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation）を用いて救命し得た。症例はADL（activities of daily living）良好な90歳の女性。某年3月，浴槽内で意識障害の状態を発見され救急要請となった。当院搬送時，血圧41/26mmHg, 心拍数 37/分，呼吸数 6/分，膀胱温 24℃と高度低体温症で，ブランケットによる復温を開始した。心室細動を来し電気ショックで洞調律に復調したが，その後も心室細動となり難治性心室細動と判断した。超高齢だがADLを考慮し，家族に説明してVA–ECMOにより復温，および体外循環の確立を図る方針とした。導入後，復温したのち心室細動は収束した。翌日にVA–ECMOを離脱，第3病日に人工呼吸器を離脱した。その後，全身状態良好で転院した。体外循環式心肺蘇生法は難治性かつ可逆性の心停止に有効で，AHでVA–ECMOによる復温が奏功した報告は多い。一方，AHは高齢者に多く，超高齢者に侵襲的な中枢加温の導入は一般的に難しい。しかし，超高齢でも蘇生条件とADL次第で，難治性心室細動を伴うAHの循環不全に対して体外循環式心肺蘇生法を検討する必要がある。
Abusive Head Traumaの退院時神経学的転帰不良例の臨床的特徴(Clinical features of poor outcome of abusive head trauma at discharge)
Authors: (Tomomi Yoshino) 吉野 智美 , (Shinsuke Furuya) 古家 信介 , (Junichi Ishikawa) 石川 順一 , (Hiroshi Rinka) 林下 浩士
Published: April 2022

【目的】当院では小児頭部外傷例を多く経験するが，abusive head trauma（AHT）は死亡例や機能予後不良例が多く対応に苦慮する。しかしながら，AHTの予後についての検討は進んでおらず，退院時の神経学的転帰不良例の臨床的特徴を調査する目的で当研究を行った。【対象】2014年4月1日～2020年3月31日に当科で入院管理を行った小児頭部外傷131例のうち，当院虐待防止チームによりAHTと判定された症例について後方視的に検討した。【結果】対象症例は14例で，月齢の中央値は5.5か月，男児が9例（64%），来院時GCSの中央値は9であった。神経学的転帰良好群（G群）が5例（36%），不良群（P群）が9例（64%）であった。P群では来院前のけいれん重積（p=0.01）と遅発性けいれん発作（p=0.03）が有意に多かった。また，同群では来院時GCS（p=0.04）と初診時pH（p=0.03）が有意に不良であった。来院前のけいれん重積状態は，有意に遅発性けいれん発作を発症し（p<0.01），神経学的転帰不良であった（p=0.01）。【結語】AHTにおける来院前のけいれん重積は，遅発性のけいれんの発症に関与し神経学的転帰不良に寄与する可能性がある。初診時の速やかで確実な止痙と，受傷後1週間程度は入院の上持続脳波モニタリングを行うべきである。
重症COVID–19患者における侵襲的人工呼吸管理中のステロイドの投与終了と28日死亡率の関連の検討，後方視的コホート研究(Association between corticosteroid treatment termination during invasive mechanical ventilation and 28–day mortality in severe COVID–19 patients, a retrospective cohort study)
Authors: (Takefumi Tsunemitsu) 恒光 健史 , (Takao Suzuki) 鈴木 崇生 , (Masaru Matsumoto) 松本 優
Published: April 2022

【目的】重症COVID–19患者における侵襲的人工呼吸管理中のステロイドの投与終了と28日死亡率の関連を検討した。【対象】研究デザインは単施設後方視的コホート研究である。2020年3月1日から2021年6月30日の期間において，予定されたステロイド投与終了日（以下，終了予定日）に侵襲的人工呼吸管理が実施されていたCOVID–19患者を対象とした。終了予定日はデキサメタゾン6mg経口投与もしくは6.6mg経静脈内投与開始後10日目とした。終了予定日に治療制限があった患者は除外した。人工呼吸管理中にステロイドの投与を終了し以後ステロイドを投与しなかった患者を終了群，終了予定日以降に何らかの形でステロイドの投与継続した患者を継続群とした。主要評価項目は28日死亡率とし，ログランク検定を用いてその差を評価した。【結果】終了群23名と継続群23名で年齢や気管挿管直後のP/F比，人工呼吸管理開始日のSOFAスコアを含めた患者背景に有意な差を認めなかった。終了予定日のP/F比およびSOFAスコアに有意な差を認めなかった。28日死亡率は終了群で61%（14名）であり，継続群22%（5名）と比較し有意に高かった（HR 3.82, 95%CI 1.37–10.68, p=0.005）。【結語】重症COVID–19患者において侵襲的人工呼吸管理中のステロイドの投与終了は28日死亡率の悪化と関連していた。
LA‐ICP‐MS analysis of rare earth elements in tooth enamel of fossil small mammals (Ust‐Oda section, Fore‐Baikal area, Siberia): paleoenvironmental interpretation
Authors: Ivanova Varvara , Shchetnikov Alexander , Semeney Elena , Filinov Ivan , Simon Klaus
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the results of a study of rare earth element (REE) fractionation trends in Quaternary mammal remains with the aim to test stratigraphic provenance. The primary aim was to find a solution to the problem of the formation of small mammal disharmonious associations, which is closely connected to the problem of diagnostics of redeposited paleontological material. REE were analyzed from the tooth enamel of small mammal fossils and sediments collected from five stratigraphic units (Ust‐Oda section of Upper Pleistocene terrestrial sediments, Fore‐Baikal area, Siberia). The Ust‐Oda is currently the only known section in the region where a fixed stratigraphic sequence of the Late Pleistocene to Holocene marine isotopic stages (MIS 5–1) occurs. The results for REE signatures of tooth enamel enable us to draw conclusions regarding changes in physical and chemical environmental conditions during diagenesis and afford the possibility of applying geochemical factors signifying REE fractionation to sample classification. This, in turn, allowed us to establish that some small mammal remains found in sediments belonging to the Ust‐Oda section have been redeposited.
Location‐scale models for meta‐analysis
Authors: Viechtbauer Wolfgang , López‐López José Antonio
Published: April 2022

Heterogeneity is commonplace in meta‐analysis. When heterogeneity is found, researchers often aim to identify predictors that account for at least part of such heterogeneity by using mixed‐effects meta‐regression models. Another potentially relevant goal is to focus on the amount of heterogeneity as a function of one or more predictors, but this cannot be examined with standard random‐ and mixed‐effects models, which assume a constant (i.e., homoscedastic) value for the heterogeneity variance component across studies. In this paper, we describe a location‐scale model for meta‐analysis as an extension of the standard random‐ and mixed‐effects models that not only allows an examination of whether predictors are related to the size of the outcomes (i.e., their location), but also the amount of heterogeneity (i.e., their scale). We present estimation methods for such a location‐scale model through maximum and restricted maximum likelihood approaches, as well as methods for inference and suggestions for visualization. We also provide an implementation via the metafor package for R that makes this model readily available to researchers. Location‐scale models can provide a useful tool to researchers interested in heterogeneity in meta‐analysis, with the potential to enhance the scope of research questions in the field of evidence synthesis.
The associations between posttraumatic stress disorder and delay discounting, future orientation, and reward availability: A behavioral economic model
Authors: Olin Cecilia C. , McDevitt‐Murphy Meghan E. , Murphy James G. , Zakarian Rebecca J. , Roache John D. , Young‐McCaughan Stacey , Litz Brett T. , Keane Terence M. , Peterson Alan L. ,   for the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD
Published: April 2022

The theoretical framework of behavioral economics, a metatheory that integrates operant learning and economic theory, has only recently been applied to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A behavioral economic theory of PTSD reflects an expansion of prior behavioral conceptualization of PTSD, which described PTSD in terms of respondent and operant conditioning. In the behavioral economic framework of PTSD, negatively reinforced avoidance behavior is overvalued, in part due to deficits in environmental reward, and may be conceptualized as a form of reinforcer pathology (i.e., excessive preference for and valuation of an immediate reinforcer). We investigated cross‐sectional relationships between PTSD severity and several constructs rooted in this behavioral economic framework, including future orientation, reward availability, and delay discounting in a sample of 110 military personnel/veterans (87.2% male) who had served combat deployments following September 11, 2001. Total PTSD severity was inversely related to environmental reward availability, β = −.49, ΔR2 = 0.24, p < .001; hedonic reward availability, β = −.32, ΔR2 = 0.10, p = .001; and future orientation, β = −.20, ΔR2 = 0.04, p = .032, but not delay discounting, r = −.05, p = .633. An examination of individual symptom clusters did not suggest that avoidance symptoms were uniquely associated with these behavioral economic constructs. The findings offer support for a behavioral economic model of PTSD in which there is a lack of positive reinforcement as well as a myopic focus on the present.
Grafting Modification of Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) via Visible‐Light Mediated C–F Bond Activation
Authors: Wang Miao , Lei Mingxin , Tan Shaobo , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: April 2022

In this work, a strategy of C–F bond activation for grafting modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (h‐P(VDF‐TrFE), TrFE is dominantly as –CF2CH2–CFHCF2– sequence) using an Ir‐based photoredox catalyst is reported. The graft polymerization exhibits first‐order kinetics, and the chemical composition of the graft copolymer can be easily adjusted by changing the reaction conditions. Importantly, the side reaction of dehydrofluorination (β‐H elimination) can be effectively avoided, which occurs in the previously reported copper complex catalytic system. Moreover, the purification process is greatly simplified due to the extremely low content of catalyst added. This work may provide a facile strategy for incorporating functional groups into h‐P(VDF‐TrFE) via directly activating C–F bond under mild conditions.
Familial factors, depression and cognitive decline: A longitudinal mediation analysis based on latent growth modeling (LGM)
Authors: Wang Haoran , Yang Chunyan , Yao Ye
Published: April 2022

Background

Cognitive decline of ageing population has become one of the major public health challenges worldwide, and familial factors (such as household income, marital status, etc.) have been identified as risk factors. Currently, we mainly focused on two familial factors: living with spouse/child and intergenerational rearing (taking care of grandchildren), exploring their relations with cognitive ageing. We also tested the possible mediating role of depression between the two family factors and cognitive decline.

Methods

Data was derived from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database, and a total of 8474 participants (3602 females, mean age = 69.64) were included in the current research. Latent growth model (LGM) has been constructed for cognitive functions, with initial level and declining rate being estimated respectively. We further examined: (1) whether living with spouse/child and intergenerational rearing could influence the declining trajectory (initial level and declining rate) of elders’ cognitive functioning; (2) and if so, whether depression could mediate the effects of living with spouse/child and intergenerational rearing on cognitive functioning.

Results

First, while living with spouse/child was related to higher initial level of cognitive functions and slower declining rate, intergenerational rearing was associated with neither of them. Second, growth trajectory of depression partly mediated the effects of living with spouse/child on cognitive functioning (Indirect effect = 0.14; p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Familial factors (living with spouse/child and intergenerational rearing) may be influential on declining trajectories of elders’ cognitive functions, and depression may mediate such effects. More research efforts are needed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the relations between familial factors and cognitive ageing.
Radiologically anatomic measurement analysis for the third sacral foramen and an efficient implantation protocol for sacral neuromodulation
Authors: Huang Hao , Zeng Weike , Fan Fan , Li Kuiqing , Xu Kewei , Huang Hai
Published: April 2022

Aims

To define radiologically anatomic measurements for the S3 foramen and develop an efficient and straightforward implantation protocol for sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in a southern Chinese population.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 793 adults without sacrococcygeal abnormalities or bony injury. We generated CT‐derived three‐dimensional volumetric models and collected radiologically anatomic measurements of S3 foramen. A multiple generalized linear regression model was applied to evaluate implantation protocol for SNM.

Results

Height, weight, and sacral height were significantly different between enrolled patients based on sex (p < 0.001 for all), while age and sacral width were similar. The measurements L1, L2, A1, and A2 on both sides were similar, while based on sex, those of L1, A1, A2 showed significant differences [7.02 ± 0.90 (M) vs. 6.10 ± 0.99 cm (F) (p < 0.001); 83.05 ± 6.23 (M) vs. 82.08 ± 7.53° (F) (p = 0.005); and 13.31 ± 5.69 (M) vs. 11.97 ± 4.91° (F) (p < 0.001), respectively]. The multiple generalized linear regression model demonstrated that sex was a common independent factor for estimating L1, L2, A1, A2, while the consistency rate between the estimated model and actual measurements was poor. The measurements L1, L2, A1, and A2 were approximately 7.0 cm (M) versus 6.1 cm (F), 1.8 cm (M) versus 1.8 cm (F), 83° (M) versus 82° (F), and 13° (M) versus 12° (F), respectively.

Conclusions

This retrospective study indicates that the radiologically anatomic measurements for the S3 foramen have unique characteristics. Our study provides an efficient and straightforward implantation protocol for SNM, improving its use in China.
Service users’ experiences with mobile safety alarms in home care: A qualitative study
Authors: Flakk Nordang Elise , Halvorsen Kristin
Published: April 2022

Aim

To investigate service users of home‐based care experiences of using mobile safety alarm and how the alarm affects their ability to cope with everyday life.

Design

A qualitative study with semi‐structured interviews.

Methods

The data were collected through semi‐structured interviews and analysed according to systematic text condensation. Four men and six women, between 47 and 85 years of age, were included in the study.

Results

Three main themes emerged in the analysis: dimensions of safety, the functionality of the alarm and variation in user guidance. The greatest benefit of having a mobile safety alarm was the feeling of safety. Moreover, the certainty of obtaining contact with the health professionals in any situation was highly valued. However, regarding implementation of the mobile safety alarm, the findings revealed a varying understanding among the service users. Nevertheless, the need for social interaction in their everyday lives is an important factor to recognize.
Role of noradrenergic transmission within the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in nicotine withdrawal‐induced aversive behavior
Authors: Arakaki Saya , Minami Masabumi
Published: April 2022

Aim

Cessation of smoking induces nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and dysphoria, which could lead to smoking relapse. In the present study, we examined the role of noradrenergic transmission within the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (vBNST) on nicotine withdrawal‐induced aversive behavior.

Methods

Nicotine dependence in rats was established by subcutaneous implantation with a nicotine‐filled osmotic minipump on day 1. Nicotine withdrawal was precipitated by administration of the nicotine receptor antagonist, mecamylamine (3.0 mg/kg, s.c.), on day 15. Nicotine withdrawal‐induced intra‐vBNST noradrenaline release and aversive behavior were examined by in vivo microdialysis and a conditioned place aversion (CPA) test, respectively.

Results

Intra‐vBNST noradrenaline release was significantly increased during nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine withdrawal induced aversive behavior, which was attenuated by intra‐vBNST injection of the β‐adrenoceptor antagonist, timolol.

Conclusions

These results suggest that enhanced noradrenergic transmission via β‐adrenoceptors in the vBNST plays a crucial role in nicotine withdrawal‐induced aversive behavior.
Investigation of damping characteristics onPLArobotic gripper fingers with magnetorheological fluid core and unimorph piezoelectricMFC
Authors: Gunasekaran Ramkumar , Arul Jesu Gnanaprakasam , Marimuthu Thirumarimurugan
Published: April 2022

Polylactic acid (PLA) is an environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and low‐cost thermoplastic material suitable for 3D printing. Complex shapes can be easily produced and hence PLA has been used for many applications. This study presents the damping characteristics of two robotic gripper fingers. The first gripper is composed of a PLA surface layer and a magnetorheological (MR) fluid core and the second gripper is composed of a PLA surface layer bonded to a surface of unimorph piezoelectric Macro Fiber Composite (MFC). The magnetic field is applied by using permanent magnets while the magnetic field strength is varied by changing the distance between the permanent magnets. The electric field is applied by using a micro‐amplifier and regulated using data acquisition systems. The natural frequency and damping ratio of the PLA gripper finger are determined by free vibration analysis using LabVIEW software. The damping ratio and vibration amplitude suppression for the PLA grippers was increased as the magnetic field strength changed from 0G to 600G (MR) and as the electric field changed from 0V to 360V (MFC).
Photonics: a pillar for extended reality technologies
Authors: Picot‐Clémente Jérémy
Published: April 2022

Extended reality (XR) is an all‐encompassing term for virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), which are technologies that have the potential to revolutionize the way we work, interact with each other and the environment, and the way we experience and feel things.
Exploring CCRL2 chemerin binding using accelerated molecular dynamics
Authors: Bufano Marianna , Laffranchi Mattia , Sozzani Silvano , Raimondo Domenico , Silvestri Romano , Coluccia Antonio
Published: April 2022

Chemokine (C–C motif) receptor‐like 2 (CCRL2), is a seven transmembrane receptor closely related to the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5. Nevertheless, CCRL2 is unable to activate conventional G‐protein dependent signaling and to induce cell directional migration. The only commonly accepted CCRL2 ligand is the nonchemokine chemotactic protein chemerin (RARRES2). The chemerin binding to CCLR2 does induce leukocyte chemotaxis, yet, genetic targeting of CCRL2 was shown to modulate the inflammatory response in different experimental models. This mechanism was shown to be crucial for lung dendritic cell migration, neutrophil recruitment, and Natural Killer cell‐dependent immune surveillance in lung cancer. To gain more insight in the interactions involved in the CCRL2‐chemerin, the binding complexes were generated by protein–protein docking, then submitted to accelerated molecular dynamics. The obtained trajectories were inspected by principal component analyses followed by kernel density estimation to identify the ligand‐receptor regions most frequently involved in the binding. To conclude, the reported analyses led to the identification of the putative hot‐spot residues involved in CCRL2‐chemerin binding.
Increasing risk of aphids spreading plant viruses in maize fields on both sides of China's Heihe‐Tengchong line under climate change
Authors: Li Dexian , Li Zixin , Wang Xiaoxia , Wang Li , Li Yonghong , Liu Deguang
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

In the coming decades, geographical distribution patterns of farmland organisms may undergo drastic changes due to climate change, with significant implications for global food security. In China, Rhopalosiphum maidis and its spread of sugarcane mosaic virus (ScMV) can become an increasingly serious threat to maize (Zea mays) production. We conducted ecological niche modeling for Z. mays, R. maidis, and ScMV under current and future (2041–2060 and 2081–2100) climate scenarios by using MaxEnt software to explore changes in this system.

RESULTS

The Heihe‐Tengchong line (an imaginary separation line of human population density) can divide China into main (east of the line) and secondary (west of the line) habitats for the three species. With climate change, rapid expansion in suitable areas is projected for ScMV and the aphid vector R. maidis. Taking species interactions into consideration, our overlaying analyses show that most areas east of the Heihe‐Tengchong line (optimal for maize and suitable for R. maidis) will become increasingly highly suitable for ScMV, suggesting that the prevention and control of this plant virus and its aphid vector in China's main maize‐growing areas (e.g. northeast) will become an increasing challenge in the future.

CONCLUSION

Climate change will profoundly affect ScMV–vector–maize interactions, which may contribute favorably to invasion of this virus into new areas. Our comprehensive and in‐depth analyses on shifts in this multi‐species system under climate change provide useful and insightful information for devising strategies for the prevention and control of plant viruses and aphid vectors on maize in the future. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Warmer temperatures reduce chemical tolerance in the redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor), an invasive winter‐active pest
Authors: Thia Joshua A , Cheng Xuan , Maino James , Umina Paul A , Hoffmann Ary A
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Quantifying how chemical tolerance of pest arthropods varies with temperature is important for understanding the outcomes of chemical control, for measuring and monitoring resistance, and for predicting how pesticide resistance will evolve under future climate change. We studied the redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker), a winter‐active invasive agricultural pest in Australia. Using a replicated block experiment, we tested the effect of different thermal conditions on the expression of chemical tolerance to a pyrethroid and two organophosphates. Our chemical bioassays were conducted on two redlegged earth mite populations: one possessed organophosphate resistance, whilst the other was susceptible to pesticides. Mites were first acclimated at cool (4 °C) and warm (14 °C) conditions and then exposed to pesticides in both cool (11 °C) and warm (18 °C) test conditions.

RESULTS

Warm test conditions generally reduced chemical tolerance to all pesticides relative to cool test conditions. Median lethal dose (LD50) values of mites tested under cool conditions were 1.12–3.57‐fold greater than of mites tested under warm conditions. Acclimation had a variable and small impact on chemical responses. Thermal factors (ratio between test temperatures) were similar between populations for each active ingredient. Despite reduced chemical tolerances under warm test conditions for individual mite populations, resistance factors (ratio between resistant and susceptible mite populations) were relatively consistent.

CONCLUSION

Our data provides context for prior theoretical work demonstrating climatically constrained pesticide resistances in Australian redlegged earth mites. Estimates of temperature dependent toxicity measured in this study may be useful in parameterizing models of redlegged earth mite control under an increasingly warm and more variable climate. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
NICE guidance on assessing and managing chronic pain
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: April 2022

NICE recently published a new guideline on chronic pain, covering the assessment of all types of chronic pain (both primary and secondary) and the management of chronic primary pain in over 16‐year‐olds. This article summarises the key recommendations.
Chinese students at U.K. universities: Transnational education mobilities as a stepping‐stone to adulthood
Authors: Wang Zhe
Published: April 2022

This article explores transnational Chinese students' education migration to the United Kingdom through a lifecourse perspective. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with 43 transnational Chinese graduates from U.K. universities, I found that participants regarded their transnational education migration as a stepping‐stone to adulthood. Influenced by the mobilities paradigm, this paper elaborates on the transitions to adulthood experienced by transnational Chinese students. The findings illustrate how transnational education mobilities transform social networks, in which transnational Chinese students rehearse their role as an adult in everyday social interactions, and how the intersection of Confucian collectivism and students' class background influences their experiences and understandings of transitions to adulthood. Therefore, this paper advances existing scholarship on transnational Chinese students by proposing a lifecourse perspective and exemplifies the complexities of mobile youth's lifecourse transitions by emphasising the cultural and social construction of transnational Chinese students' adulthood.
Quantitative systems pharmacology modeling provides insight into inter‐mouse variability of Anti‐CTLA4 response
Authors: Qiao Wenlian , Lin Lin , Young Carissa , Narula Jatin , Hua Fei , Matteson Andrew , Hooper Andrea , Gruenbaum Lore , Betts Alison
Published: April 2022

Clinical responses of immuno‐oncology therapies are highly variable among patients. Similar response variability has been observed in syngeneic mouse models. Understanding of the variability in the mouse models may shed light on patient variability. Using a murine anti‐CTLA4 antibody as a case study, we developed a quantitative systems pharmacology model to capture the molecular interactions of the antibody and relevant cellular interactions that lead to tumor cell killing. Nonlinear mixed effect modeling was incorporated to capture the inter‐animal variability of tumor growth profiles in response to anti‐CTLA4 treatment. The results suggested that intratumoral CD8+ T cell kinetics and tumor proliferation rate were the main drivers of the variability. In addition, simulations indicated that nonresponsive mice to anti‐CTLA4 treatment could be converted to responders by increasing the number of intratumoral CD8+ T cells. The model provides a mechanistic starting point for translation of CTLA4 inhibitors from syngeneic mice to the clinic.
Upscaling circular economy in foodtechs businesses in emergent countries: Towards sustainable development through natural resource based view
Authors: Sehnem Simone , Bispo Deivsson Souza , João Jacinto Orlando , de Souza Maria Aparecida Lima , Bertoglio Oscar , Ciotti Rogério , Deon Simone Machado
Published: April 2022

This work adopts sustainable entrepreneurship as its scope of analysis, focusing on sustainable success through startups with operational excellence, technological innovation (TI) and whose business model aligns with the assumptions of circular economy (CE). By applying certain characteristics of the natural resource‐based view (NRBV) in the context of foodtech startups, this study assesses both TIs and CE assumptions adopted by Brazilian foodtech startups. We interviewed managers and owners of foodtech companies operating in the Brazilian economy. Thus, this study relates to CE business models, how well companies manage natural resources, and the influence of TI in promoting CE. After conducting an exploratory case study in Brazil with 15 startups, in addition to exploring the adequacy of four future research proposals, this article suggests that: (a) among the foodtech startups studied, the companies that are most disruptive and innovative also demonstrate a more efficient and optimized management of natural resources; (b) based on these units of analysis, a less proactive CE tends to compete with companies in the traditional segment of operation, not differing in terms of products and services offered to society, thus generating only a small contribution to sustainable development; (c) while our study shows that NRBV illustrates a relevant theoretical framework to confirm the progress of the CE supported by TI, the integration of these theoretical constructs in a startup proves to be original and unprecedented.
Vine water status mapping with multispectral UAV imagery and machine learning
Authors: Tang Zhehan , Jin Yufang , Alsina Maria Mar , McElrone Andrew J. , Bambach Nicolas , Kustas William P.
Published: April 2022

Optimizing water management has become one of the biggest challenges for grapevine growers in California, especially during drought conditions. Monitoring grapevine water status and stress level across the whole vineyard is an essential step for precision irrigation management of vineyards to conserve water. We developed a unified machine learning model to map leaf water potential ($${\psi }_{\mathrm{leaf}}$$ψleaf), by combining high-resolution multispectral remote sensing imagery and weather data. We conducted six unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights with a five-band multispectral camera from 2018 to 2020 over three commercial vineyards, concurrently with ground measurements of sampled vines. Using vegetation indices from the orthomosaiced UAV imagery and weather data as predictors, the random forest (RF) full model captured 77% of$${\psi }_{\mathrm{leaf}}$$ψleafvariance, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.123 MPa, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.100 MPa, based on the validation datasets. Air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and red edge indices such as the normalized difference red edge index (NDRE) were found as the most important variables in estimating$${\psi }_{\mathrm{leaf}}$$ψleafacross space and time. The reduced RF models excluding weather and red edge indices explained 52–48% of$${\psi }_{\mathrm{leaf}}$$ψleafvariance, respectively. Maps of the estimated$${\psi }_{\mathrm{leaf}}$$ψleaffrom the RF full model captured well the patterns of both within- and cross-field spatial variability and the temporal change of vine water status, consistent with irrigation management and patterns observed from the ground sampling. Our results demonstrated the utility of UAV-based aerial multispectral imaging for supplementing and scaling up the traditional point-based ground sampling of$${\psi }_{\mathrm{leaf}}$$ψleaf. The pre-trained machine learning model, driven by UAV imagery and weather data, provides a cost-effective and scalable tool to facilitate data-driven precision irrigation management at individual vine levels in vineyards.
Fibro-fatty remodelling in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kohela Arwa , van Rooij Eva
Published: April 2022

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is an inherited disorder characterized by lethal arrhythmias and a risk to sudden cardiac death. A hallmark feature of AC is the progressive replacement of the ventricular myocardium with fibro-fatty tissue, which can act as an arrhythmogenic substrate further exacerbating cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, identifying the processes underlying this pathological remodelling would help understand AC pathogenesis and support the development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarize our knowledge on the different models designed to identify the cellular origin and molecular pathways underlying cardiac fibroblast and adipocyte cell differentiation in AC patients. We further outline future perspectives and how targeting the fibro-fatty remodelling process can contribute to novel AC therapeutics.
Maximal strength training in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease: implications for physical function and quality of life
Authors: Haglo Håvard , Berg Ole Kristian , Hoff Jan , Helgerud Jan , Wang Eivind
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD) have attenuated muscle strength in the lower extremities, resulting in impaired physical function and quality of life. Although maximal strength training (MST), applying heavy resistance, is documented to be a potent countermeasure for such attenuation, it is uncertain if it is feasible in IRD given the pain, stiffness, and joint swelling that characterize the population.

Methods

23 patients with IRD (49 ± 13 years; 20 females/3 males), diagnosed with spondyloarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or systemic lupus erythematosus, were randomized to MST or a control group (CG). The MST group performed four × four repetitions dynamic leg press two times per week for 10 weeks at ~ 90% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Before and after training 1RM, rate of force development (RFD), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were measured.

Results

Session attendance in the MST group was 95%, of which 95% conducted according to MST protocol. Furthermore, MST increased 1RM (29 ± 12%, p = 0.001) and early and late phase RFD (33–76%, p < 0.05). All improvements were different from the CG (p < 0.05). MST also resulted in HRQoL improvements in the dimensions; physical functioning, general health, and vitality (p < 0.05). Physical functioning was associated with 1RM (rho = 0.55, p < 0.01) and early phase RFD (rho = 0.53–0.71, p < 0.01; different from CG p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Despite being characterized by pain, stiffness, and joint swelling, patients with IRD appear to tolerate MST well. Given the improvements in 1RM, RFD, and HRQoL MST should be considered as a treatment strategy to counteract attenuated muscle strength, physical function, and HRQoL.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04998955, retrospectively registered.
Antibiotic therapy is associated with an increased incidence of cancer
Authors: Roderburg Christoph , Loosen Sven H. , Joerdens Markus S. , Demir Münevver , Luedde Tom , Kostev Karel
Published: April 2022

Purpose

There is a growing body of evidence suggesting the decisive involvement of the human microbiome in cancer development. The consumption of antibiotics may fundamentally change the microbiome and thereby create a precancerous environment promoting cancer development and growth. However, clinical data on the association between the consumption of antibiotics and cancer incidence have remained inconclusive. In this study, we quantified the association between the intake of different antibiotics and various cancer entities among outpatients from Germany.

Methods

This retrospective case–control study based on the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database included 111,828 cancer patients and 111,828 non-cancer controls who were matched to cancer cases using propensity scores. Patients were categorized as non-users, low-consumption (up to 50th percentile), and high-consumption (above 50th percentile) users of antibiotics overall and for each antibiotic class. Multivariable logistic conditional regression models were used to study the association between antibiotic intake within 5 years prior to the index date (first cancer diagnosis for cases or randomly selected date for controls) and cancer incidence.

Results

The probability of cancer was significantly higher among patients with a history of antibiotic intake than in matched controls. Patients using penicillin or cephalosporins displayed a higher incidence of cancer, while the intake of tetracyclines and macrolides actually reduced the risk of cancer development slightly. A complex picture was observed in our cancer site-stratified analyses. Most notably, the consumption of penicillin was significantly and positively associated with cancer development in the respiratory organs only (low consumption OR: 1.33, 95% CI 1.20–1.47; high consumption OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.22–1.64) and cephalosporin consumption was significantly associated with respiratory organ cancer (low consumption OR: 1.32, 95% CI 1.17–1.48, high consumption OR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.29–1.66), breast cancer (high consumption OR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.25–1.56), and lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue cancer (high consumption OR: 1.50, 95% CI 1.35–1.66).

Conclusion

Our data strongly support the hypothesis that the intake of antibiotics is positively associated with the risk of cancer development.
Outcome and prognostic factors in patients undergoing salvage therapy for recurrent esophagogastric cancer after multimodal treatment
Authors: Apostolidis Leonidas , Lang Kristin , Sisic Leila , Busch Elena , Ahadova Aysel , Wullenkord Ramona , Nienhüser Henrik , Billeter Adrian , Müller-Stich Beat , Kloor Matthias , Jaeger Dirk , Haag Georg Martin
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Perioperative systemic treatment has significantly improved the outcome in locally advanced esophagogastric cancer. However, still the majority of patients relapse and die. Data on the optimal treatment after relapse are limited, and clinical and biological prognostic factors are lacking.

Methods

Patients with a relapse after neoadjuvant/perioperative treatment and surgery for esophagogastric cancer were analyzed using a prospective database. Applied treatment regimens, clinical prognostic factors and biomarkers were analyzed.

Results

Of 246 patients 119 relapsed. Among patients with a relapse event, those with an early relapse (< 6 months) had an inferior overall survival (OS 6.3 vs. 13.8 months, p < 0.001) after relapse than those with a late relapse (> 6 months). OS after relapse was longer in patients with a microsatellite-unstable (MSI) tumor. Systemic treatment was initiated in 87 patients (73% of relapsed pat.); among those OS from the start of first-line treatment was inferior in patients with an early relapse with 6.9 vs. 10.0 months (p = 0.037). In 27 patients (23% of relapsed pat.), local therapy (irradiation or surgical intervention) was performed due to oligometastatic relapse, resulting in a prolonged OS in comparison to patients without local therapy (median OS 35.2 months vs. 7.8 months, p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the prognostic benefit of the MSI status and a local intervention.

Conclusion

Patients relapsing after multimodal treatment have a heterogeneous prognosis depending on the relapse-free interval (if systemic treatment applied), extent of metastatic disease as well as MSI status. The benefit of additional local intervention after relapse should be addressed in a randomized trial.
Pulmonary symptoms in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review to identify patient-reported and clinical measurement instruments
Authors: te Hennepe Niek , Faraj Sayf S. A. , Pouw Martin H. , de Kleuver Marinus , van Hooff Miranda L.
Published: April 2022

Study design

Systematic review.

Purpose

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a deformity of the trunk and chest and can cause a spectrum of pulmonary symptoms. However, no standardized measurement instrument exists. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and describe patient-reported and clinical measurement instruments used to evaluate pulmonary symptoms in patients with AIS.

Methods

Studies published after 01.01.2000 were included in a systematic search. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and clinical measurement instruments for pulmonary symptoms were extracted as well as their measurement properties (floor-ceiling effects, validity, reliability, responsivity and interpretability). The Risk of Bias (RoB) was evaluated.

Results

Out of 3146 studies, 122 were eligible for inclusion. Seven clinical measurement instruments, measuring 50 measurement parameters, were identified. Five PROMs for pulmonary symptoms were identified. Studies assessing the quality of measurement properties in the AIS population were not identified. As such, the RoB could not be determined.

Conclusion

No available adequate patent centric instruments were identified that measure pulmonary functioning and symptoms. Although clinical measurement instruments are regularly used, their use in routine practice does not seem feasible. The measurement properties of some identified PROMs seem promising; however, they have not been validated in an AIS population. As pulmonary symptoms in patients with AIS are still poorly understood, the development of such a construct and potentially a subsequent PROM to routinely measure pulmonary functioning and patient experience is recommended.
Zukunft der terrestrischen Rundfunkfrequenzen
Authors: Gerpott Torsten J.
Published: April 2022

Die Weltfunkkonferenz 2023 wird die Verwendung von ultrahohen Frequenzen im Bereich 470 bis 694 MHz ab 2031 erörtern. In Deutschland setzen sich Betreibende von 1. Rundfunk- und Kultur-, 2. öffentlichen Mobilfunk- sowie 3. Sicherheits-, Katastrophen- und Landesverteidigungsdiensten dafür ein, dass dieses Funkspektrum vor- oder gleichrangig ihren Anwendungen gewidmet wird. Es werden Argumente für und gegen eine primäre Zuordnung der Frequenzen auf die drei Dienstklassen bilanziert. Die Analyse legt nahe, eine kooperative Nutzung des Spektrums für mehrere Dienstklassen bzw. durch verschiedene Bedarfsträger in einem von der Europäischen Union gesetzten Rahmen anzustreben.
Energieversorgungsrisiken, Energiepreiskrise und Klimaschutz erfordern gemeinsame Antworten
Authors: Fischedick Manfred
Published: April 2022

In the past two years, the world has changed and global crises (e. g. the COVID-19 pandemic, war in Ukraine) increasingly dominate the headline. Decades of certainties no longer apply, risks and uncertainties are increasing, challenges are becoming more complex and at the same time require faster and more consistent action. Against that background, the text discusses what we can — and must — learn from the current crises. We must learn that we need to be more sensitive to potential risks and take precautions where necessary and possible, even if this requires pre-emptive financial and structural actions. The text focuses onis the current situation in which we have to find integrative answers reflecting the severe energy supply risks (associated with the energy import dependency from Russia) and the rising and volatile energy prices on the one hand and the climate protection challenge on the other.
Family Social Capital in Family Business: A Faith-Based Values Theory
Authors: Sorenson Ritch L. , Milbrandt Jackie M.
Published: April 2022

When this study was initiated in 2008, the concept of family social capital was new to the family business discipline. This paper summarizes in-depth qualitative research grounded in owning family experience to understand the nature and source of owning family social capital. Exploratory research began with roundtable discussions among family business owners, advisors, and researchers to understand how owning families sustain positive relationships characteristic of family social capital. These discussions revealed that some family business owners rely on their family faith to sustain and establish ethical norms. A follow-up review in the family studies literature revealed that many families rely on family faith practices and faith-based narratives to reinforce ethical norms that strengthen family relationships. Based on these findings, researchers developed hypotheses to guide additional research. Four owning families affiliated with different Christian denominations participated in in-depth qualitative research that supports hypotheses. Interviews and archival data revealed very similar faith-based practices, beliefs, and values across the four owning families. And additional qualitative evidence indicated positive connections between values-based family social capital and family owner succession, business performance, and community support. Theoretical relationships derived from qualitative data are summarized in a Faith-Based Values Theory of Family Business.