bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retinal and Vitreous Hemorrhage after Traumatic Impact of Dexamethasone Implant in a Vitrectomized Eye
Authors: Casati Stefano , Bruni Enrico , Marchini Giorgio
Published: December 2015

Purpose

To report a case of retinal and vitreous hemorrhage after intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implant (0.7 mg Ozurdex) and its management.

Methods

A 49-year-old man treated for diabetic macular edema developed vitreous and retinal hemorrhage after intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implant caused by a retinal impact during the injection procedure.

Results

Retinal and vitreous hemorrhage absorbed spontaneously after 3 months. No retinal damage was detected. Intraocular pressure increased to 38 mm Hg after the injection and was well-controlled by medical therapy (dorzolamide hydrochloride-timolol maleate ophthalmic solution administered BID and oral acetazolamide 250 mg once a day). Since the surgeon performed the injection carefully without exerting any pressure on the eye, a device malfunction likely caused the implant to be injected too powerfully.

Conclusions

Vitreous and retinal hemorrhage can occur after direct impact of an Ozurdex implant against the retina during the injection. So far this has never been described in the literature. Intraocular pressure elevation can worsen due to trabecular blockage by red blood cells. Spontaneous resolution can occur but vitrectomy is a therapeutic option if the hemorrhage persists.
Efficacy of Higher Cutting Rates during Microincision Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Sano Masahiko , Inoue Makoto , Itoh Yuji , Hirota Kazunari , Koto Takashi , Hirakata Akito
Published: December 2015

Purpose

To compare the outcomes of 25-G vitrectomy using a vitreous cutter with a higher cutting rate to that of conventional 25-G vitrectomy with a lower cutting rate on eyes with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods

The medical records of 393 eyes of 326 patients with severe PDR were reviewed. A higher cutting rate dual-pneumatic 25-G vitrectomy probe (5,000 cuts/min, Constellation) was used on 219 eyes (group C) and a conventional 25-G pneumatic vitrectomy probe with lower cutting rate was used on 174 eyes (2,500 or 1,500 cuts/min, Acurrus) (group A). The visual and anatomical outcomes and the incidences of intraoperative and postoperative complications were compared.

Results

The incidence of combined cataract surgery was significantly higher in group C (p<0.001). The number of eyes in which scissors were used was significantly lower in group C (p<0.001), and the use of perfluorocarbon liquid was higher in group C (p = 0.015). The incidence of intraoperative iatrogenic tears, postoperative retinal detachments, and neovascular glaucoma was not significantly different between the 2 groups, but the incidence of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage was significantly lower in group C eyes (p<0.001). Preoperative and postoperative vision were not significantly different between the 2 groups.

Conclusions

The higher vitreous cutting rates during 25-G vitrectomy make it easier to dissect fibrovascular membranes with only the vitreous cutter, and achieved equivalent anatomical and visual outcomes after 25-G vitrectomy for PDR.
Thickness Changes in Foveal, Macular, and Ganglion Cell Complex Regions Associated with Behçet Uveitis during Remission
Authors: Gürlü Vuslat , Güçlü Hande , Özal Altan
Published: December 2015

Purpose

To investigate foveal, macular, and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in patients with Behçet uveitis during remission.

Methods

We included patients with panuveitis attacks caused by Behçet disease. Patients were taking immunosuppressive therapy and had no active ocular inflammation. After complete ophthalmologic examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed with a macula multi-cross protocol. The OCT images were evaluated for structural changes. Patients with no structural changes were imaged with the macula map protocol to obtain parafoveal and perifoveal macular and GCC thicknesses. Patients were compared to an age-matched control group with the Mann-Whitney U test. In correlation analyses, we examined relationships among visual acuity (logMAR), disease duration, and the number of attacks.

Results

The study included 27 eyes of 21 patients (mean age 38.14 ± 9.18 years; mean disease duration 65.4 ± 74.6 months; mean number of attacks 2.5 ± 1.9). The OCT showed foveal thicknesses of 260.29 ± 34.17 µm in patients and 280.58 ± 19.54 µm in controls (p = 0.010). Foveal thickness was not related to visual acuity (p = 0.485), but was negatively correlated to disease duration (p = 0.016) and number of attacks (p = 0.001). Patients and controls showed similar macular thickness in parafoveal quadrants (p = 0.294, p = 0.096, p = 0.88, p = 0.111) and perifoveal quadrants (p = 0.241, p = 0.517, p = 0.53288, p = 0.241). Patient parafoveal GCCs were significantly thinner than in controls in the inferior temporal quadrant (p = 0.041), but not in other quadrants (p = 0.867, p = 0.832, p = 0.390). Patient perifoveal GCCs were significantly thicker than in controls in the superior and inferior temporal quadrants (p = 0.008, p = 0.008) and somewhat thicker (but not significantly) in the superior and inferior nasal quadrants (p = 0.052, p = 0.138).

Conclusions

Patients with Behçet uveitis in remission showed insignificant decreases in foveal and macular thickness and significant increases in perifoveal GCC thickness compared to controls. The increased perifoveal GCC thickness may result from macular ischemia persisting in remission.
Atypical Femoral Fracture Post Total HIP Replacement in a Patient with HIP Osteoarthritis and an Ipsilateral Cortical Thickening
Authors: Moya-Angeler Joaquin , Zambrana Lester , Westrich Geoffrey H. , Lane Joseph M.
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Atypical femoral fractures (AFF) can be present in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA). This case highlights the opportunity to review the management of stress reactions, stress fractures and atypical femoral fractures, which depend on the activity of the fracture.

Case presentation

A 66-year-old female with a history of long-term bisphosphonate use underwent a total hip replacement for symptomatic osteoarthritis with a clinical presentation of right groin pain and radiographic signs of joint space narrowing and osteophyte formation. Radiographs before hip arthroplasty showed lateral cortical thickening in the ipsilateral femur in the subtrochanteric region. The patient developed a complete periprosthesic atypical femoral fracture a month after surgery at the level of the previously identified femoral cortical thickening.

Discussion

Given the high amount of elderly, osteoporotic patients presenting with groin/thigh pain undergoing hip replacement, surgeons should question them about the use of bisphosphonates in the past and look for the presence of AFF. These should receive bilateral imaging studies and a metabolic bone workup in order to define the status of the fracture and determine the appropriate management before considering any other surgical intervention.
In Situ Development of Nanosilver-Impregnated Bacterial Cellulose for Sustainable Released Antimicrobial Wound Dressing
Authors: Mohite Bhavana V. , Patil Satish V.
Published: December 2015

Purpose

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an interesting biomaterial found application in various fields due to its novel characteristics like purity, water holding capacity, degree of polymerization and mechanical strength. BC as wound dressing material has limitation because it has no antimicrobial activity. To circumvent this problem, the present study was carried out by impregnation of silver on bacterial cellulose surface.

Methods

Bacterial cellulose was produced by Gluconoacetobacter hansenii (strain NCIM 2529) by shaking culture method. The sodium borohydride and classical Tollens reaction was used for silver nanoparticle synthesis.

Results

The effectiveness of sodium borohydride method compared with Tollens reaction was evaluated on the basis of silver nanoparticle formation and its impregnation on BC as evidenced by UV-Vis spectrum analysis, FE-SEM-EDS analysis and FT-IR spectrum. The potential of nano silver impregnated BC was determined for sustained release antimicrobial wound dressing material by swelling ratio, mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusions

Thus the nanosilver impregnated bacterial cellulose as promising antimicrobial wound dressing material was evidenced.
In Vitro and Ex vivo Analysis of Hyaluronan Supplementation of Integra® Dermal Template on Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes
Authors: Hodgkinson Tom , Bayat Ardeshir
Published: December 2015

Purpose

Widespread application of collagen-glycosaminoglycan dermal templates in the treatment of cutaneous defects has identified the interval between initial engraftment and skin graft application as important for improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyaluronan supplementation of Integra® dermal template on human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes in both in vitro and ex vivo models.

Methods

This study utilized in vitro and ex vivo cell culture techniques to investigate supplementing Integra® Regeneration Template with hyaluronan (HA), as a strategy to decrease this interval. In vitro, Integra® was HA supplemented at 0.15, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/mL−1. Primary human dermal fibroblast (PHDF) and keratinocyte proliferation, PHDF viability, migration and HA-induced signal transduction (phosphor-MAPK Array) were assessed. Ex vivo, wound models (wound diameter 4 mm) were created within 8 mm skin biopsies. Wounds were filled with Integra® or HA supplemented Integra®. Re-epithelialization was compared through hematoxylin and eosin-stained cross-sections at 7, 14 and 21 days in culture. Model viability was assessed through lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays.

Results

In vitro, PHDF and keratinocyte proliferation were enhanced significantly (p <0.001) when supplemented with HA. S-Phase and G2/M PHDFs in HA supplemented scaffolds increased. PHDF viability was enhanced to 72 hours culture with 1.5 mg/mL−1 HA (p = 0.016). PHDF migration was maximally enhanced at 1 mg/mL−1 and 1.5 mg/mL−1, whilst increased levels of phosphorylated Erk/MAPK proteins indicated increased metabolic activity. In ex vivo models, HA supplementation accelerated re-epithelialization at all concentrations. This ex vivo model provides a robust model for preclinical assessment of skin substitutes.

Conclusions

HA supplementation to Integra® demonstrates increased in vitro growth, viability and migration. Whilst ex vivo data suggest HA supplementation of Integra® may increase rapidity of wound closure.
Female Fertility Preserving Practices at a Pediatric Unit: A Challenge of Multiprofessional and Multidisciplinary Cooperation
Authors: Terenziani Monica , Meazza Cristina , Massimino Maura , Viganò Paola , Gandola Lorenza , Mangili Giorgia , Raspagliesi Francesco , Biasoni Davide , Podda Marta , Veneroni Laura , Filippi Francesca , Riccipetitoni Giovanna , Somigliana Edgardo
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Being able to have children could have an important positive effect on the future lives of pediatric cancer survivors. Working at a cancer institute makes us responsible for filling the gaps in our knowledge in this area of patient care.

Methods

We describe our activities in a series of young females diagnosed with cancer and evaluated for fertility preservation options. We discuss the developed skills and organization as well as the practical difficulties encountered in managing fertility preservation.

Results

Since September 2012, laparoscopy and cryopreservation of cortical ovarian tissue has been performed in 16 girls (with ovary transposition in 3, and after several cycles of chemotherapy in 5) and egg banking in 4 young women (before chemotherapy in 2 and several years after treatment in 2).

Conclusions

Recommendations on fertility preservation indicate that discussing the problems early on is crucial to future success. It is unthinkable to simply provide information and offer the opportunity to choose a fertility preserving technique without helping and accompanying patients and their families in their decisions and choices on the matter.
The Law as the Task of the Gospel: Karl Barth and the Possibility of an Apostolic Pragmatism
Authors: Woodard-Lehman Derek
Published: December 2015

This article reflects on Karl Barth's Gospel-Law thesis as a resource for comparative and constructive Jewish-Christian interreligious ethics. Barth, a student of Cohen and a contemporary of Rosenzweig, inverts Martin Luther's formulation of the relationship between law and Gospel, and, thus, subverts Luther's problematic opposition between law and grace. Barth claims that “the Law is the task of the Gospel,” and thus reintegrates the law into Protestant theology and ethics. Doing so, he not only affirms a “third use” of the law. He creates an altogether new third way of approaching the law akin to rabbinic halakha. This paper explicates the development of Barth's thesis in the Barmen Declaration (1934) and “Gospel and Law” (1935). It delineates those communal practices of confession that he identifies in Church Dogmatics (1938) as fulfilling this task. And it advocates an “apostolic pragmatism” as a fitting Christian counterpart and complement to Peter Ochs's “rabbinic pragmatism.”
Emergency severity index version 4 during the first year of implementation at an academic institution
Authors: Dalawari Preeti , Sanning Jacob , Pan Dana , Storm Jennifer
Published: December 2015

Background: The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) version 4 (v4) is a triage system based on vital signs, potential limb or organthreat, as well as expected resources needed in the emergency department (ED).Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine accuracy and misclassification rate of ESI triage over one year following implementation.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of ED encounters from January 2011 to 2012. Charts were selected in one-week intervals every 12 weeks for one year (months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12). Each encounter was reviewed to determine post hoc ESI level based on care in the ED. Descriptive statistics was used to compare the agreement between initial triage and post hoc ESI levels. Sensitivity and specificity for each level was determined. Kruskal Wallis test (KW) and Mann Whitney U (MWU) was used toassess differences in initial versus post hoc ESI levels by month to explore change in accuracy over time.Results: Five hundred and sixty separate ED encounters were included. Agreement was observed in 301 triage encounters (53.8%). Overestimation of the triage level occurred in 131 (23.4%) encounters, while the triage level was underestimated in 128 (22.9%) encounters. There was a significant decline in accuracy during the year (KW = 10.2; p = .037); with the greatest dropbetween month 1 and 9 months (MWU 4,859; p = .035). Sensitivity ranged from 24% to 76% and specificity ranged from 61% to 99%, based on ESI level.Conclusions: Enhanced education and quality improvement process is necessary to improve overall accuracy rates at this site.
Relationship between Natural Economic Resource and Vocational Choice among Nigeria Youth: Psychological Implications
Authors: Nwoke Mary Basil
Published: December 2015

This study investigated the relationship between natural economic resources and vocational choice among Nigerian youth. The study grouped the country into three regions, eastern, western and northern regions. This study, first of its kind, explored vocational choice among Nigerian youth. Thirty-six participants, twelve from each region (6 men, 6 women) completed the semi-structured interviews and qualitative data collected was analyzed using a grounded theory approach. The findings presented a preliminary understanding of the relationship between natural economic resources and vocational choice among Nigerians. Qualitative interviews unveiled the presence of natural economic resources that provide vocations to Nigerians. Palms in the east provide the greatest vocational choice. Cocoa in the west provides the greatest vocational choice. Game reserve in the north gainfully employs people. Psychologically, people value the gift of nature in their locality. Finally through thematic analysis, the study revealed that things have changed with education, science and technology. Some Nigerians have become entrepreneurs by utilizing the natural resources prevalent in their environment. Entrepreneurs play an integral role in creating job opportunities and alleviate unemployment in Nigeria.
Secondary School Biology Teachers’ Perceptions of Scientific Creativity
Authors: Ndeke Grace C. W. , Okere Mark I. O. , Keraro Fred N.
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate secondary school biology teachers’ perceptions of scientific creativity. Cross-sectional survey research design was employed. The population of the study comprised all biology teachers in public secondary schools in Kericho and Kajiado counties in Kenya. A sample of 205 biology teachers’ was selected from a population of 347 using proportionate random sampling technique. A Biology teachers’ questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings show that a high percentage of the biology teachers have correct perceptions of general creativity but only a small percentage have the correct perceptions of scientific creativity. The findings have also yielded valuable information that informs curriculum developers, teacher trainers and policy makers that the majority of teachers have inadequate perceptions of scientific creativity and this may influence their classroom practices. It is recommended that science teacher education programmes emphasize scientific creativity in their methodology courses to empower teachers to provide learning opportunities that would enhance learners’ creativity in science lessons. Curriculum developers also need to prepare curriculum materials that include more classroom activities that enhance scientific creativity.
Naar een Landsverordening algemene regels van bestuursrecht?
Authors: Zijlstra S.E.
Published: December 2015

Naar een Landsverordening algemene regels van bestuursrecht?

In Aruba wordt op dit moment gewerkt aan een Landsverordening houdende algemene regels van bestuursrecht, terwijl dat land, evenals de andere Caribische landen van het Koninkrijk, meerdere andere algemeen-bestuursrechtelijke wetten kent. Dit artikel onderzoekt het nut van invoering van een ‘Algemene wet bestuursrecht’ voor die Caribische landen. Conclusie is dat het belangrijker is dat het onderwerp van de bestuurlijke handhaving geregeld wordt, dan dat men gaat werken aan één omvattende landsverordening met meerdere bestuursrechtelijke onderwerpen. Deze conclusie is relevant voor het wetgevingsbeleid in Aruba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten.
Talante y memoria: Acerca de las experiencias extralingüísticas
Authors: Serrano Ribeiro José Luis
Published: December 2015

Proponemos como paradigma de toda experiencia extralingüística la transición del sueño a la vigilia. Con esto comprobaremos que sin lenguaje y sin memoria no dispondríamos de ninguna experiencia vital de la realidad, aunque nos sostenga el hilo mínimo existencial del talante. Si el lenguaje determina y modela la experiencia que tenemos del mundo, ésta también determina y modela nuestro lenguaje, ya sea en el presente inmediato o posteriormente cuando la experiencia es recuperada por la memoria. Así, sujeto, realidad y lenguaje conforman un sistema consistente y estable de interacción, de la misma manera que un trípode consigue tenerse en pie.
Censure and Absolution of Poetry in Plato’s Republic
Authors: Botter Barbara
Published: December 2015

Several studies have thrown light over Plato’s rejection of poetry in the Republic. At the same time, several scholars remarked the dramatic versatility the dialogues manifest. Along these lines, a source of perplexity became the inconsistency that arises from Plato’s attack to poets and the involvement of poetry in his works. Two of the most important reasons for Plato’s critique are the morally degraded value that poetry instills in audience’s soul and the pleasure the drama affords. However, Plato acknowledges that in order to enact the right values and to develop the best moral attitudes in the city poetry is really effective.After an accurate reform of dramatic style, Plato is forced to recognize the inescapable charme of poetry and admit that the pleasures of poetry cannot be simply dispensed.
¿Qué es un algoritmo? Una respuesta desde la obra de Wittgenstein
Authors: Mota Sergio
Published: December 2015

En este trabajo trato de analizar el debate en torno a la pregunta “¿qué es un algoritmo?”. En la actualidad hay dos grandes enfoques representados por Y. Gurevich, quien considera que un algoritmo es una máquina de estados abstracta, y por Y. Moschovakis, quien considera que un algoritmo es un recursor. Mi propuesta es que ambas respuestas a la pregunta pueden subsumirse bajo la concepción de un algoritmo como una serie de formas, propuesta que captura la definición general de algoritmo comúnmente empleada.
European aspen (Populus tremula L.) genetic diversity assessed by molecular methods correlation with P. tremulae infection incidence
Authors: Verbylaitė Rita , Baliuckas Virgilijus , Kuusienė Sigutė
Published: December 2015

This study was based on different susceptibility of Populus tremula clones to Phellinus tremulae, the major pathogen of this tree species. As the  conventional resistance genes detection is time consuming and expensive, it is important to find other applicable methods to recognize resistance genes of the plants. The aim of this study was the assessment of correlation between various genetic population parameters and phenotipic, resistance or highly heritable traits of individual P. tremula trees. In this study we investigated all Lithuanian P. tremula plus trees from 16 populations in 3 provenance regions. Investigated trees were analyzed using RAPD, SSR and PCR-RFLP methods, and their individual and population genetic parameters as well as infection incidence with P. tremulae were assessed. Determined genetic parameters were examined for correlation with P. tremulae infection. Only two out of 292 RAPD loci were significant for damaged and undamaged by P. tremulae groups of trees. The resistance of investigated European aspen plus trees with P. tremulae showed no dependency on the  population, provenance region or individual tree heterozygosity. RAPD loci linked to infection should be investigated further, to confirm or reject their value in assesing individual tree susceptibility to P. tremulae and the genetic mechanisms underlying such correlation.
Morphological and biological characteristics of selected clones of the purple willow (Salix purpurea L.) ‘Gracilis’ and evaluation of their productivity in short rotation plantations
Authors: Noreika Remigijus
Published: December 2015

The aim of this research was to study the  morphological and biological characteristics of the selected clones of Salix purpurea ‘Gracilis’ cultivar in short rotation plantations and to evaluate their productivity. By taking these aspects into account, it was attempted to study and evaluate seven selected clones of Salix purpurea ‘Gracilis’ as well as to summarize the research of their morphological and biological characteristics and their productivity over nine years of growing in short rotation plantations. After conducting a comparative study of sprout leaves of the selected clones it was determined that the leaves of different clones differ in shape, size and leafstalk length. Some characteristics of biological productivity such as bush height, the number of sprouts grown per bush, their length and diameter, slenderness ratio, and their number per hectare were studied as well.
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Hydrocarbons Recovery in the Gas Rich Shales: An Insight from the Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Pathak Manas , Pawar Gorakh , Huang Hai , Deo Milind D.
Published: December 2015

Recent technological advances like horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have made recovery of gas possible from the ultra low permeable shale plays in the United States. However, recoveries from these gas shales still tend to be in the range of single digits. It is believed that more than 80% of the generated hydrocarbons still remain in these tight formations. In order to increase the recovery from these tight shale plays, an enhanced recovery procedure using supercritical carbon dioxide as the injection fluid is recommended in this paper. In the current research, molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) have been performed on the kerogen-methane-carbon dioxide system to understand the absorption-adsorption-desorption phenomena of the super critical carbon dioxide fluid.

Previous studies have confirmed that the kerogen has a tendency to adsorb and absorb the hydrocarbons. In the current work, the type II kerogen model was chosen and annealed with the methane molecules. The Nose-Hoover style non-Hamiltonian equations of motion were used in a molecular simulator to generate positions and velocities sampled from the canonical (nvt) and isothermal-isobaric (npt) ensembles. This updates the position and velocity for atoms in the group each time step during the simulations. The pairwise distribution function and density of the mixture were calculated at the end of the simulations in order to validate the model with the experimental observations. The subsequent simulations with the carbon dioxide molecules in the periodic boundary conditions reveal that the carbon dioxide can sweep the absorbed methane from the kerogen matrix in the shales. The interactions at the interface between the carbon dioxide and the methane rich kerogen matrix are studied. These replicate the interactions at the fracture surface in the process of using super critical carbon dioxide as the fracturing fluid for enhanced gas recovery. Compared to methane, the carbon dioxide molecule has higher affinity to be adsorbed and eventually absorbed in the kerogen matrix because of its polar nature and linear shape. This allows the carbon dioxide to replace methane in the kerogen, thereby, sequestrating itself in the kerogen rich shale formations. Adsorption and absorption of the carbon dioxide in turn cause desorption of the methane from the kerogen, which aids in the gas recovery from such gas rich shales as the Marcellus Shale in the United States.
A Escola de Formação em Saúde da Família Visconde Sabóia: narrativas que resgatam uma história
Authors: Saraiva Maria José Galdino , Oliveira Eliany Nazaré , Dias Maria Socorro De Araújo , Silva Lielma Carla Chagas da , Carneiro Cleide
Published: December 2015

Introdução: A institucionalização do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) trouxe inovações no campo da formação e gestão, promovendo melhoria na qualificação dos trabalhadores. Para atender a esta demanda foram instituídas as Escolas Técnicas do SUS que se propõem a realizar esta atividade em consonância com as necessidades das instituições de saúde e da Reforma Sanitária. Objetivo: Sabendo da importância dos centros formadores, objetivou‑se descrever as narrativas presentes no cenário da Educação na Saúde acerca da Escola de Formação em Saúde da Família Visconde de Sabóia (EFSFVS). Métodos: O estudo utiliza abordagem qualitativa de caráter exploratório‑descritivo favorecendo a exploração da gênese da EFSFVS. A análise do estudo compreendeu o período de 2001 a 2012, palmilhando a exploração da história oral e documentos, tendo como sujeitos dez memorialistas com seus relatos oral, através de entrevistas, complementados pela análise documental. Resultados: Identificou‑se um fosso de registros sistematizados da História da Instituição possibilitando um possível esquecimento da memória carecendo de estudos que possam contribuir na uniformização e concentração das informações e a relação dialógica da EFSFVS com os segmentos que compõem o quadrilátero da Saúde. Outra evidência foi a existência de uma intensa relação entre a EFSFVS e o Controle Social, como: reuniões, participação em conferências e processos formativos tendo como público alvo os conselheiros. Conclusão: A EFSFVS teve sua criação e implantação a partir da necessidade de formação e educação permanente para os trabalhadores e desde então vem contribuindo na qualificação profissional, com algumas limitações referentes a documentações que possam relatar sua história.
Estudo comparativo da metodologia ativa “gincana” nas modalidades presencial e à distância em curso de graduação de Farmácia
Authors: Gossenheimer Agnes Nogueira , Carneiro Mára Lúcia Fernandes , Castro Mauro Silveira de
Published: December 2015

Introdução: O crescimento da educação a distância (EaD) no Brasil tem sido cada vez mais intenso, inclusive em cursos da saúde. Objetivos: Realizar análise comparativa da “Gincana” nas modalidades presencial e a distância. Em 2012, a “Gincana” foi desenvolvida a distância, sendo denominada “Gincana Virtual”. Métodos: Equipes foram formadas e tarefas eram formuladas e trocadas entre elas, sendo avaliadas a construção da tarefa, factibilidade, pertinência de conteúdo e resposta. A gincana foi aplicada na modalidade a distância no primeiro semestre 2012 (n=40) e presencial no segundo semestre do mesmo ano (n=42). Foi respondido um questionário final de avaliação, considerando: Metodologia, Material, Tarefas e Considerações. Ainda foi avaliado o desempenho entre as modalidades. Resultados: A “Gincana” apresentou diferença significativa, sendo preferida pelos alunos na modalidade presencial. Conforme os comentários dos alunos, o uso do Fórum síncrono como forma de interação é inovador, porém pode dificultar a interação e o dinamismo da atividade. Por outro lado, incentiva a participação da turma, devido ao fato da EaD diminuir a exposição do aluno. Houve um melhor desempenho acadêmico, na média, na modalidade presencial. Conclusão: As gincanas promovem um aumento da atenção e da concentração dos estudantes por conta da competição, portanto, a ferramenta de interação da “Gincana Virtual” deve ser interativa e dinâmica, assim como ocorre no presencial.
Centro de Apoio ao Docente e Discente: avaliação por docentes e discentes universitários
Authors: Souza Jamili Rasoul Salem de , Akerman Marco
Published: December 2015

Introdução: Tendo em vista as diversas demandas que são exigidas do Ensino Superior, foi criado o Centro de Apoio ao Docente e Discente (CADD) para promover e ampliar o diálogo institucional, vislumbrando a qualidade de ensino. Objetivo: Avaliar a implantação de um CADD em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) privada, na região do grande ABC, sob a percepção de gestores, docentes e discentes universitários. Métodos: Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas tendo como sujeitos participantes de três grupos de gestores, docentes e discentes a partir de uma questão norteadora. Cada grupo se reuniu em três encontros: nos momentos de pré-implantação do Centro; na fase inicial; e após um ano da sua implantação. Os dados foram analisados a partir do levantamento de categorias selecionadas que se apresentaram na fala dos participantes. Resultados: Na sua pré-implantação, os sujeitos afirmaram total desconhecimento do CADD; durante a sua implantação, grande parte dos entrevistados conhecia os serviços prestados e já os utilizavam, havendo a participação ativa dos docentes e gestores; e na pós-implantação do CADD, todos os sujeitos envolvidos já o conheciam, aprovaram a sua atuação e reconheceram a necessidade da continuidade do CADD na IES. Conclusão: O presente estudo revelou que o CADD foi bem recebido pela comunidade acadêmica, o que reforça sua importância.
Internacionalização do Ensino Superior e as Instituições de Ensino Privado no Brasil
Authors: Guazzelli Maria Elisabete , Raymundo Camila Sotello , Varjabedian Deborah , Akerman Marco
Published: December 2015

A implementação de novas grades curriculares dos cursos de saúde nas universidades privadas é uma tarefa complexa. Ocupando espaço importante na formação profissional do ponto de vista qualitativo, as concepções pedagógicas nestas instituições obedecem à economia do conhecimento, sendo fortemente influenciadas pela internacionalização da educação e pelos desígnios do mercado. Essa lógica, crescente entre as instituições de ensino superior no Brasil, influencia não só os princípios de concepção e deimplementação de modelos curriculares, mas também as estratégias e instrumentais pedagógicos e as relações docente‑discente‑instituição de ensino‑população. Esse artigo pretende discutir alguns dos aspectos históricos e contemporâneos envolvidos na concepção da Universidade no Brasil e alguns dos impactos determinados pela internacionalização da educação superior. Observamos que, no processo de internacionalização da educação superior, a universidade privada brasileira experimenta uma relação assimétrica com os países centrais, ocupando uma posição subalterna, submetendo‑se às decisões das corporações transnacionais.
To freeze or not to freeze
Authors: Bangasser Debra
Published: December 2015

Male and female rats respond to a fearful experience in different ways, but this was not previously taken into account in research into psychiatric disorders.
Flux‐Switching Machines
Authors: Hua Wei , Su Peng , Zhang Gan , Zhao Guishu
Published: December 2015

Flux‐switching machines are a type of brushless machines with a doubly salient structure, which has excitation sources, for example, permanent magnets (PMs) and/or field‐excited windings, and armature windings on the stator, and no magnets or windings on the rotor. The flux‐switching machines have the advantages of high torque (power) density, large torque output capability, high efficiency, strong irreversible demagnetization withstand capability, good thermal dissipation and liquid cooling conditions, and favorable high‐speed operation. These advantages are particularly important for electric propulsion systems, such as electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, and electric ships and airplanes.

According to the excitation modes, there are three types of flux‐switching machines: permanent magnet flux‐switching (PMFS) machines, hybrid‐excited flux‐switching (HEFS) machines, and wound‐excited flux‐switching (WEFS) machines. This article presents topologies, operation principles, electromagnetic performance, and applications of flux‐switching machines. In addition, different topologies of stator and rotor are also discussed.
Broadband and Narrow‐Band Noise Modeling in Powerline Communications
Authors: Shongwe Thokozani , Ferreira Hendrik C. , Han Vinck A. J.
Published: December 2015

This article gives an overview of noise modeling of the two most problematic types of noise in powerline communications (PLC), namely, impulse noise (broadband noise) and frequency disturbers (narrow‐band interference (NBI)). The models for these two types of noise are studied for orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The first part of the article looks at several impulse noise models in the literature. A demonstration of the effects of impulse noise on OFDM, using the Middleton Class A model, is given. Methods of combating impulse noise are also studied. In the second part, of the article, we focus on narrow‐band interference modeling and also show how NBI affects OFDM systems. The main focus of NBI is on presenting a detailed NBI model because NBI modeling has not been given much attention in the literature. In our discussion of the NBI model, we show that, with some assumptions, the NBI model and the Middleton Class A model can be similar.
On determining the zenith angle dependence of the Martian radiation environment at Gale Crater altitudes
Authors: Wimmer‐Schweingruber Robert F. , Köhler Jan , Hassler Donald M. , Guo Jingnan , Appel Jan‐Kristoffer , Zeitlin Cary , Böhm Eckart , Ehresmann Bent , Lohf Henning , Böttcher Stephan I. , Burmeister Sönke , Martin Cesar , Kharytonov Alexander , Brinza David E. , Posner Arik , Reitz Günther , Matthiä Daniel , Rafkin Scott , Weigle Gerald , Cucinotta Francis
Published: December 2015

We report the zenith angle dependence of the radiation environment at Gale Crater on Mars. This is the first determination of this dependence on another planet than Earth and is important for future human exploration of Mars and understanding radiation effects in the Martian regolith. Within the narrow range of tilt angles (0≤θ0≤15°) experienced by Curiosity on Mars, we find a dependence
with
, which is not too different from an isotropic radiation field and quite different from that at sea level on Earth where
.
A reduced complexity framework to bridge the gap between AGCMs and cloud‐resolving models
Authors: Reed Kevin A. , Medeiros Brian
Published: December 2015

The role of convective parameterizations at high horizontal resolution and their impacts on clouds, circulation, and precipitation processes represent large uncertainties in atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). As the statistical equilibrium in which radiative cooling is balanced by convective heating, radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) offers a simplified framework to investigate such uncertainties. The Community Atmosphere Model 5 is configured in a RCE setup that consists of an ocean‐covered planet with diurnally varying, spatially uniform insolation with no rotation effects. A series of simulations are performed in which the planetary radius is incrementally reduced. Because of the homogeneity of the setup, the effect is to reduce grid spacing, mimicking increased resolution without increasing the number of grid points. The results suggest that the reduced planet approach is able to reproduce the behavior of convection from full high‐resolution simulations. At grid spacing less than 20 km, convective motions are predominantly produced by resolved scales.
Modes of high‐latitude auroral conductance variability derived from DMSP energetic electron precipitation observations: Empirical orthogonal function analysis
Authors: McGranaghan Ryan , Knipp Delores J. , Matsuo Tomoko , Godinez Humberto , Redmon Robert J. , Solomon Stanley C. , Morley Steven K.
Published: December 2015

We provide the first ever characterization of the primary modes of ionospheric Hall and Pedersen conductance variability as empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). These are derived from six satellite years of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) particle data acquired during the rise of solar cycles 22 and 24. The 60 million DMSP spectra were each processed through the Global Airlglow Model. Ours is the first large‐scale analysis of ionospheric conductances completely free of assumption of the incident electron energy spectra. We show that the mean patterns and first four EOFs capture ∼50.1 and 52.9% of the total Pedersen and Hall conductance variabilities, respectively. The mean patterns and first EOFs are consistent with typical diffuse auroral oval structures and quiet time strengthening/weakening of the mean pattern. The second and third EOFs show major disturbance features of magnetosphere‐ionosphere (MI) interactions: geomagnetically induced auroral zone expansion in EOF2 and the auroral substorm current wedge in EOF3. The fourth EOFs suggest diminished conductance associated with ionospheric substorm recovery mode. We identify the most important modes of ionospheric conductance variability. Our results will allow improved modeling of the background error covariance needed for ionospheric assimilative procedures and improved understanding of MI coupling processes.
Three‐dimensional structure and kinetic features of reconnection exhaust jets
Authors: Pritchett P. L.
Published: December 2015

The structure of exhaust jets produced by a magnetic reconnection source region of width ∼3 RE in the out‐of‐plane direction is investigated with 3‐D particle‐in‐cell simulations. The jet is found to separate into two segments, with the dawnward portion propagating ahead of, and expanding duskward in front of, the duskward one. In such conditions, an orbiting spacecraft would encounter repeated sharp Bz increases. Both segments exhibit east‐west structures on scales of a few ion inertia lengths. The narrow Jy current sheets that produce the sharp Bz increases are associated with electron flows. The ion temperature components Tixx and Tiyy display markedly different behaviors, with the former exhibiting maxima both downstream and, in some locations, upstream of the front, while the latter exhibits maxima along the y extended front. The maximum load factor E·J at the front is several times larger in 3‐D than in 2‐D, is concentrated in numerous sub‐ion‐scale enhancements, and includes a significant ion dissipation contribution.
The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of uniaxial superparamagnetic particles: Consequences for its interpretation in magnetite and maghemite bearing rocks
Authors: Lanci Luca , Zanella Elena
Published: December 2015

A simple model that provides a quantitative description of the magnetic susceptibility of superparamagnetic to stable single‐domain uniaxial magnetic particles can be built in the framework of the theory of stochastic resonance. This model expands that of Mullins and Tile (1973) for superparamagnetic grains by considering the dependence of superparamagnetic susceptibility on the particle orientation and thus describes the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of ensembles of superparamagnetic as well as single‐domain particles. The theory predicts that on the contrary of stable single domain, the maximum anisotropy of superparamagnetic particles is parallel to their easy axis and shows that the AMS of ensembles of uniaxial particle is strongly dependent on the distribution of particle grain size, coercivity, measurement temperature, and frequency. It also explains why the inverse AMS pattern expected for stable single‐domain particles is rarely observed in natural samples. We use examples of well‐characterized obsidian specimens to show that, as predicted by the theory, in the presence of significant superparamagnetic contributions, the maximum susceptibility axis of AMS is directed along the preferential direction of particles easy axis.
Investigation of PBL schemes combining the WRF model simulations with scanning water vapor differential absorption lidar measurements
Authors: Milovac Josipa , Warrach‐Sagi Kirsten , Behrendt Andreas , Späth Florian , Ingwersen Joachim , Wulfmeyer Volker
Published: December 2015

Six simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model differing in planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes and land surface models (LSMs) are investigated in a case study in western Germany during clear‐sky weather conditions. The simulations were performed at 2 km resolution with two local and two nonlocal PBL schemes, combined with two LSMs (NOAH and NOAH‐MP). Resulting convective boundary layer (CBL) features are investigated in combination with high‐resolution water vapor differential absorption lidar measurements at an experimental area. Further, the simulated soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere feedback processes are quantified applying a mixing diagram approach. The investigation shows that the nonlocal PBL schemes simulate a deeper and drier CBL than the local schemes. Furthermore, the application of different LSMs reveals that the entrainment of dry air depends on the energy partitioning at the land surface. The study demonstrates that the impact of processes occurring at the land surface is not constrained to the lower CBL but extends up to the interfacial layer and the lower troposphere. With respect to the choice of the LSM, the discrepancies in simulating a diurnal change of the humidity profiles are even more significant at the interfacial layer than close to the land surface. This indicates that the representation of land surface processes has a significant impact on the simulation of mixing properties within the CBL.
Snow instability patterns at the scale of a small basin
Authors: Reuter Benjamin , Richter Bettina , Schweizer Jürg
Published: December 2015

Spatial and temporal variations are inherent characteristics of the alpine snow cover. Spatial heterogeneity is supposed to control the avalanche release probability by either hindering extensive crack propagation or facilitating localized failure initiation. Though a link between spatial snow instability variations and meteorological forcing is anticipated, it has not been quantitatively shown yet. We recorded snow penetration resistance profiles with the snow micropenetrometer at an alpine field site during five field campaigns in Eastern Switzerland. For each of about 150 vertical profiles sampled per day a failure initiation criterion and the critical crack length were calculated. For both criteria we analyzed their spatial structure and predicted snow instability in the basin by external drift kriging. The regression models were based on terrain and snow depth data. Slope aspect was the most prominent driver, but significant covariates varied depending on the situation. Residual autocorrelation ranges were shorter than the ones of the terrain suggesting external influences possibly due to meteorological forcing. To explore the causes of the instability patterns we repeated the geostatistical analysis with snow cover model output as covariate data for one case. The observed variations of snow instability were related to variations in slab layer properties which were caused by preferential deposition of precipitation and differences in energy input at the snow surface during the formation period of the slab layers. Our results suggest that 3‐D snow cover modeling allows reproducing some of the snow property variations related to snow instability, but in future work all relevant micrometeorological spatial interactions should be considered.
The algal lift: Buoyancy‐mediated sediment transport
Authors: Mendoza‐Lera Clara , Federlein Laura L. , Knie Matthias , Mutz Michael
Published: December 2015

The role of benthic algae as biostabilizers of sediments is well‐known, however, their potential to lift and transport sediments remains unclear. Under low‐flow conditions, matured algal mats may detach from the bed and may lift up sediment, thereby causing disturbance to the uppermost streambed sediment. We tested the potential of algal mats to lift sediments in 12 indoor flumes filled with sand (0.2 – 0.8 mm), gravel (2 – 8 mm) or a sand‐gravel mixture (25/75% mass). After four weeks, the algal mats covered about 50% of the flumes area. Due to the accumulation of oxygen gas bubbles in the mats, that developed from high primary production at 4.5 weeks, about half of the algal mats detached from the bed carrying entangled sediments. Both the area covered by algal mats and detached area were similar among sediment types, but the amount of sediment transported tended to be higher for sand and sand‐gravel mixture compared to gravel. Our results reveal that biologically mediated sediment transport mainly depends on the development of a dense filamentous algal matrix, that traps gas bubbles, increasing the mats buoyancy. This novel mechanism of sediment transport will occur in shallow ecosystems during low‐flow periods, with the highest impact for sandy sediments.