bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Spirituality, Demographics, and Culture on Career Satisfaction, Organizational Fairness Climate, and Affective Commitment in Pakistani Organization: The Mediatory Role of Ethical Leadership
Authors: Owais Muhammad , Siddiqui Danish Ahmed
Published: February 2021

The lens through which followers experience the ethical dimension of leadership itself it is argued is likely distorted by a followers level in the hierarchy. In this regard, ethical leadership may be better conceptualized as an intermediary through which follower status contributes to these desirable outcomes. This research expands the literature about the causes, consequences, and the unique role of ethical leadership in the workplace. In particular, we examine the mediated model of ethical leadership in the effect of individualism, spirituality, as well as demographics on organizational outcomes like 1. Organizations fairness climate (CF), 2. Affective commitment (AC), and 3. Career satisfaction (CS). Drawing on the work of Pucic (2015), we argue that demographics like Job, experience, Age, Education, Position, and Working Hour of employees affect their perception of ethical leadership (EL) in the organization, and this perception, in turn, affect the three above mentioned outcomes. In the same way, spirituality and individualistic (IND) cultures also influence these outcomes through EL. Spirituality was further sub-classified into Spiritual Believe (SB), Coping (SC), Experience (SE), and Practices (SP). Empirical validity was established by conducting a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 500 employees and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results suggested that Ethical leadership, individualistic culture, and years of experience have a positive and significant effect on all three outcomes i.e. AC, CF, CS. Moreover, Education and Spiritual Believe seem to have a positive impact on AC. Similarly, Spiritual Experience also has a positive effect on CF. Surprisingly, position and Spiritual Practices seem to have a negative and significant impact on career satisfaction. Moreover, Education, individualism, and position also seem to be positively impacting ethical leadership. Hence, EL positively mediates the effect of education, individualism, and position on AC, CF, and CS respectively. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Design of shear walls for seismic resistance
Authors: Armstrong I. C.
Published: February 2021

Ductile coupled shear walls, ductile cantilever shear walls, and less ductile "category 6" shear walls comprise three basic shear wall types included in categories 3, 4, 5 and 6 of Table 5 of the earthquake provisions of the New Zealand Loadings Code. Seismic resistance of these shear wall types, when fully cracked with reinforcement at or near yield where applicable, is discussed relative to code provisions. Reinforcement requirements are outlined, using capacity design criteria for ductile walls, and load-factor methods for "category 6" shear walls requiring distributed vertical and horizontal reinforcement to control cracking.
Uniaxial dynamic analysis of a six storey reinforced concrete framed structure
Authors: Kelly T. E.
Published: February 2021

A six storey reinforced concrete frame was analysed inelastically using a 2 dimensional dynamic analysis computer program. The program utilises the step-by-step integration method for the solution of the equations of motion. Two natural and three artificial acceleration records were used. Harmonic motions of differing frequencies and each followed by a relatively long acceleration pulse were studied using artificial records created for the purpose. A very approximate allowance for the effects of concurrent earthquake excitation in the orthogonal direction was made by reducing the available column capacities. Parameters studied were ductility requirements, deformations, and column forces.
Seismic forces in base-isolated masonry structures
Authors: Priestley M. J. N. , Crosbie R. L. , Carr A. J.
Published: February 2021

Dynamic analyses of four, eight and twelve storey masonry shear walls supported on base-isolation systems are described. Each wall was modelled as a multi-degree-of-freedom cantilever. Results are presented which indicate behaviour is more complex due to the significance of higher mode effects, than was previously believed on the basis of simple single-degree-of-freedom models. The influence of different types of base-isolation, and of the stiffness of the gravity supporting system, are discussed. Tentative design recommendations are proposed which provide a substantial reduction in design forces for short period structures while still maintaining an adequate margin of safety against the formation of wall hinges.
Introduction and philosophy
Authors: Burns R. J.
Published: February 2021

This paper is the result of deliberations of the Society's discussion group on seismic design of ductile moment resisting reinforced concrete frames.
Beam flexure and hinge zone detailing in reinforced concrete ductile frames requiring beam sway mechanisms
Authors: Smith I. C. , Sidwell G. K.
Published: February 2021

This paper is the resuIt of deliberations of the Society's discussion group on seismic design of ductile moment resisting reinforced concrete frames.
Columns subjected to flexure and axial load
Authors: Park R.
Published: February 2021

This paper is the resuIt of deliberations of the Society's discussion group on seismic design of ductile moment resisting reinforced concrete frames.
Dynamic tests on laminated rubber bearings
Authors: Tyler R. G.
Published: February 2021

Simulated dynamic tests in shear on laminated rubber bearings are described. The purpose of the tests was to check the performance of the bearings when used as mounts for base isolating buildings against earthquake attack. Over 1,000 cycles were applied to the bearings, mostly at  50% shear strain at a frequency in the range 0.2 to 0.9Hz. Values of damping were checked by carrying out separate torsional oscillation tests. It is concluded that the bearings are suitable for use in the dynamic mode for the purpose of achieving base isolation in earthquake resistant buildings. Damping is likely to be 2 to 3% of critical. Possibly greater values occur at faster speeds and under cold conditions. The use of separate lead or steel damping elements to prevent the build-up of damaging horizontal oscillations is considered necessary.
The importance of surface waves in strong ground-motion
Authors: Smith W. D.
Published: February 2021

Surface waves, when present in strong ground-motion, may contribute more to the Modified Mercalli intensity and to damage than does the S wave, even if the S wave contains higher accelerations. This gives a qualitative explanation for the observed regional variation in the felt effects of earthquakes in New Zealand, by assuming a regional variation in the predominant focal depth and hence in the amplitudes of the Love and Rayleigh waves that are excited.
Some comments on reinforced concrete structures forming column hinge mechanisms
Authors: Kelly T. E.
Published: February 2021

Three buildings relying on column hinge mechanisms for post-elastic energy dissipation were studied using an inelastic dynamic computer program. The structures were an eight storey wall structure with ground storey columns, an eight storey frame with rigid, non-yielding beams, and a single storey frame with rigid, non-yielding beams. Parameters varied were earthquake input, design base shear and strain hardening ratio. All structures exhibited deformations far in excess of deflections under code static loading. The eight storey structures showed a tendency towards incremental collapse from P-delta effects when low, probably realistic, strain hardening ratios were used.
The Haicheng, China, earthquake of 4 February, 1975
Authors: Adams R. D.
Published: February 2021

The earthquake of magnitude 7.3 that occurred near the town of Haicheng in northeast China on 4 February, 1975 was the first major earthquake anywhere in the world known to have been predicted with enough certainty for people to have been warned, and measures taken for civil protection. These steps were successful in keeping the number of casualties small. This paper describes a visit to the affected area seven and a half months after the earthquake, and discussions with Chinese scientists about their successful prediction methods. The prediction resulted from the synthesis of many types of investigation, but the main methods used for long-, mid-, and short- term prediction appear to have been based on studies of seismicity, deformation, and foreshocks respectively.
Design loadings
Authors: Butcher G. W.
Published: February 2021

This paper covers those parts of the loadings code NZS 4203 which relate to dead, live and snow loads. Seismic and wind loads are dealt with in other papers.

The parts of the code discussed are Part 2 and that section of Part 1 dealing with design load equations and load factors.
Code provisions related to soils and foundations
Authors: Taylor P. W.
Published: February 2021

In the new Loadings Code, NZS 4203 "Code of Practice for General Structural Design and Design Loadings", the basic seismic coefficient (Clause 3.4.2) in addition to being related to the period of the structure, is related to the deformability of the site (section 3.4.3). The requirement for foundation interconnection (section 3.7.3) has been carried forward from the earlier code with little change. A new section on foundation design (3,3.6) has been introduced in which the principles of capacity design are applied, where appropriate, to the foundation substructure.
N.Z National Society for Earthquake Engineering
Authors: Editor
Published: February 2021

In 1974 the Management Committee of the Society authorised the setting up of an earthquake reconnaissance team scheme, whereby a team of suitably experienced observers would be quickly transported to the scene of a damaging earthquake. A sub-committee under Mr. J, P. Rollings was formed and a detailed brief for the scheme was prepared and subsequently adopted by the Management Committee.

Following advertisements in the Bulletin and the New Zealand Engineering, a pool of over 35 suitable observers has been formed. Most of the pool are practising civil and structural engineers though a number of specialists, including three architects, have been included.

The scheme is now fully operational. At present the team  organiser is Mr. J. P. Hcllings (Wellington) and his deputy is Mr. N. D. Bardie (Christchurch). Mr. Rollings is also authorised,  together with the President, to approve a reconnaissance. It is intended that all pool members will be issued an Engineering Reconnaissance Manual containing information on the administration and aims of the scheme, the action to be taken following a damaging earthquake and a detailed engineering reconnaissance field guide. The following brief is reproduced from the manual; Section One outlines the aims and administration of the scheme and Section Two, procedures to initiate a reconnaissance. These sections together with a budget sufficient to allow reconnaissance of a large earthquake, have been approved by the Management Committee.
A computer file of New Zealand earthquakes
Authors: Smith W. D.
Published: February 2021

The Seismological Observatory, Wellington, is often asked to supply lists  of earthquakes that have occurred in particular geographical areas of New  Zealand, near certain towns or planned construction sites, or chosen on other criteria. In the past the preparation of such a list has necessitated a time-consuming examination of the printed Bulletins and other less accessible records. This procedure has now been greatly simplified by  the preparation of a master file of earthquakes known to have occurred in the New Zealand region. This file contains over 13,000 earthquake origins and is stored on magnetic tape for use on the Burroughs  B6700 computer at the Victoria University of Wellington.
Design of seismic resistant prestressed concrete structures
Authors: Andrews A. L.
Published: February 2021

This paper was presented at the N.Z.P.C.I. 12th Annual Conference, 1976.
Isolation of nuclear power plants from earthquake attack
Authors: Skinner R. I. , Tyler R. G. , Hodder S. B.
Published: February 2021

The analysis of one-mass and two-mass models indicates that the earthquake-generated horizontal forces and deformations of the main structures of a nuclear power plant can be reduced by a factor of about ten times by mounting the overall power plant building on a recently developed base-isolation system. The very high forces which the ‘resonant appendage‘ effect may induce in some critical components (such  as fuel elements, control rods and essential piping) may be reduced by a factor of 40 or more times by the isolation system. The parameters of  the isolation system have been chosen as appropriate to the level of protection which should be provided for a nuclear plant in a seismically active area. Consideration is given to flexible mounts and dampers suitable for such an isolator.
Obesity Health Policy Agenda Setting in Australia
Authors: Al Shams Hilal Salim , Almutairi Abdullah Ghthaith
Published: February 2021

The prevalence of obesity is rising rapidly in Australia. This issue can be a priority for agenda setting, by using the Hall and Kingdon models. Furthermore, the current policy may need to be reviewed or updated because of the high prevalence of obesity and the rate of death.
Healthy Cities – Resilient Cities.
Urban development in the context of climate change
Authors: Wiszniowski Jacek
Published: February 2021

The impact of climate change is more and more often taken into account in urban development strategies and concerns mainly reducing threats and protection against the effects of extreme phenomena. Stress factors that are mainly related to civilization changes (economic and technological progress) and environmental changes (nature, resources, and climate) test a city's ability to remain functional in spite of crises. With this in mind, it is necessary to review the development strategies of contemporary cities identify the main course of action aimed at increasing the resistance to threats at the global, regional and local level, identify instruments that help in the planning of adaptations, and assess the scope of such plans.
In Poland, the idea of developing healthy and resilient cities is not as popular as in other countries. The first adaptation strategies generally focus on the risks related to extreme weather events. It is expected that subsequent plans will gradually extend the scope of adaptation, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic made us realize that crisis management is insufficient and that the city's resilience should be developed. This paper explores the idea of Healthy Cities and other contemporary concepts of urban spatial development in the context of climate change. The author puts forward a thesis about the influence of the climate agenda on the transformation of the idea of Healthy Cities into the concept of Resilient Cities. The work includes an analysis of the development strategies of European cities, with particular emphasis on the largest cities in Poland, regarding the adaptation of the urban environment to the existing and projected climate hazards. The research goal is to evaluate the strategies for city development adopted by cities in their strategic documents as well as to assess the scale of climate change and its impact on the spatial development policy.
Healthy city versus the urban heat island effect
in the context of global warming.
Passive and active methods reduction of UHI
Authors: Wiszniowski Jacek
Published: February 2021

As people become more environmentally aware they tend to pay greater attention to the quality of the environment when choosing a place to live. Given the ongoing and projected depopulation, in order to retain current residents and attract new ones, many Polish cities are taking actions aimed at shaping a healthy urban environment.
Regardless of the causes of global warming, the effects of climate change are indisputable and we need to adapt to them. This impact is particularly high in the urban environment due to population density and land use. The worldwide increase in temperature and the number of hot days caused by global warming is further exacerbated by unfavorable processes that take place in urban areas, such as the urban heat island effect (UHI). In combination with global warming an urban heat island poses a direct threat to people by putting them at risk of heat stress. Children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to heatstroke. The paper explores on the global and local factors that affect the thermal conditions in a city and consequently threaten the health and life of its inhabitants. The aim of the research is to identify factors contributing to the formation of an urban heat island. The results of studies were used to identify methods of risk mitigation and to evaluate their efficacy. The author divides the methods of preventing and limiting the urban heat island effect into passive and active solutions.
Towards eco-housing estate? – study of actions focused on environmental protection and improvement of living conditions in Wrocław’s large housing estates
Authors: Pach Paweł Arkadiusz , Porada Adrian
Published: February 2021

The aim of this article is to determine whether the modernization activities and investments carried out so far in Wroclaw's large housing estates are heading towards an ecological estate and whether they meet the requirements of sustainable development. The analyses were based on available literature and the author's inventory of housing estates in Wroclaw in terms of technical modernization of buildings and improvement of the functional and spatial program. This paper is a general review and the individual activities are connected to examples from other Polish and European cities, with particular emphasis on energy efficiency, ecology and adaptation of housing estates to contemporary challenges of civilization.
Pedestrian mobility in the entrance zones
of the gated communities in Wrocław, Poland, during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Szumilas Agnieszka , Kryczka Piotr
Published: February 2021

In recent times the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains increased, especially with direct contact or reduced distance to the infected person. This paper outlines the case study of pedestrian mobility in one of the residential estates in Wrocław, Poland. The pedestrian mobility was examined in gated community, which counts several hundred apartments. The entrance to the estate is provided by two wickets. Observations of pedestrian traffic were conducted for four weeks (October–November 2020) when the government introduced restrictions to limit virus transmission. Our research revealed that the limited number of entrances and fencing give the inhabitants sense of security, however it poses a threat in a pandemic period.
New life of old buildings. Longing for change
Authors: Piróg Marek
Published: February 2021

Buying, restoring and remodeling old residential and farm buildings is an ongoing phenomenon. It is mainly visible in rural areas, especially near large cities and in areas well-connected to such cities. The aim of this study is to determine what factors influence this process and how the activities resulting from such transformations fall within contemporary principles of construction development.
The chosen research methodology was the analysis of factors that influence the aforementioned activities. The paper describes the contemporary possibilities for adapting and adjusting old facilities to current requirements. Moreover, it shows how such projects are connected to ecology. The paper closes with conclusions related to the positive effects of reusing existing, old facilities on the society and environmental protection.
Effects of different intensities of exercise on folliculogenesis in mice: Which is better?
Authors: Rahayu Fitri Kurnia , Dwiningsih Sri Ratna , Sa’adi Ashon , Herawati Lilik
Published: February 2021

Objective: Exercise is a risk factor for infertility in women. However, research on the effects of different intensities of exercise on folliculogenesis has not yielded clear results. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of differences in the intensity of exercise on folliculogenesis in mice. Methods: Nineteen female BALB/c mice (age, 3–4 months; weight, 13–25 g) were randomly divided into four groups: control, mild exercise, moderate exercise, and high-intensity exercise. The mice in the exercise groups engaged in swimming, with additional loads of 3%, 6%, or 9% of body weight, respectively. There were five swimming sessions per week for 4 weeks, with a gradually increasing duration every week. At the end of the treatment, ovarian extraction was carried out and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to identify folliculogenesis. Results: There were significant differences in the number of total follicles between the control and moderate-exercise groups (p=0.036) and between the mild- and moderate-exercise groups (p=0.005). The mean number of primary follicles was higher in the moderate-exercise group than in the mild-exercise group (p=0.006). The mean number of secondary, tertiary, and Graafian follicles did not differ significantly among groups (p≥0.05). However, the number of total follicles and follicles in each phase tended to increase after exercise, especially moderate-intensity exercise. Conclusion: Exercise of different intensities affected the total number of follicles and primary follicles. The number of follicles of each phase tended to increase after exercise. Moderate-intensity exercise had better effects than other intensities of exercise.
Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf pellet can manipulate rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrient degradability
Authors: Totakul Pajaree , Matra Maharach , Sommai Sukruthai , Wanapat Metha
Published: February 2021

Objective: Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf has been found to be an important source of protein, vitamins, minerals, as well as phytonutrients. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Chaya leaf pellet (CHYP) with various level of crude protein (CP) in the concentrate on rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrient degradability in in vitro gas production technique.Methods: In an in vitro rumen fermentation study the dietary treatments were arranged according to a 3×5 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design, consisting of Factor A: three levels of CP of concentrate mixtures (14%, 16%, and 18% CP, respectively) and Factor B: five levels of CHYP supplementation (at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of dry matter substrates).Results: The gas production kinetics, fraction (a) and fraction (b) were lower (p<0.05) with an increasing CHYP addition. Additionally, the fraction (a+b) was found to yield a significant interaction (p<0.05) while the fraction (c) was not impacted by CHYP addition. However, in vitro DM degradability was enhanced and interactive (p<0.05), using 16% CP of concentrate with 6% and 8% CHYP, when compared with 18% CP in the non-addition. Additionally, the treatment with higher CP of the concentrate was higher in NH3-N concentration (p<0.001) and by CHYP supplementation group (p<0.05). Nevertheless, protozoal counts in the rumen were remarkably decreased (p<0.05) with increasing level of CHYP supplementation. Furthermore, rumen C2 concentration was lower (p<0.05) in the treatments with CHYP supplementation, while C3 was significantly increased and interactive (p<0.05) between levels of CP and CHYP supplementation especially at 8% CHYP supplementation.Conclusion: Based on this study, the results revealed CHYP as a promising feed supplement to enhance rumen fermentation and to mitigate methane production. However, in vivo feeding experiments should be subsequently conducted to elucidate the effect of CHYP supplementation on rumen fermentation, as well as ruminant production efficiency.
Baurecht Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Dürr Hansjochen , Leven Dagmar , Speckmaier Sabine
Published: February 2021

Das Kompendium Baurecht von Dürr ist der „Klassiker“ zum baden-württembergischen Bauplanungs- und Bauordnungsrecht für Ausbildung und Praxis.

Die 17. Auflage berücksichtigt die LBO-Novelle von 2019 und die aktuelle Rechtsprechung. Neben den gesetzgeberischen Aktivitäten wurde die baurechtliche Rechtsprechung der letzten zwei Jahre umfassend eingearbeitet.

Die Neuauflage ist auf den Prüfungskanon „Öffentliches Baurecht“ – einem der häufigsten Prüfungsgegenstände an Hochschulen bzw. der Referendar- sowie Assessorausbildung – abgestimmt.
Der Sozialleistungsanspruch als Dispositionsgegenstand
Authors: Koch Thomas
Published: February 2021

The study focuses on the legal instruments of Abzweigung, Überleitung, Aufrechnung (offset), Verrechnung, Übertragung (assignment), Verpfändung (pledge) and Pfändung (attachment) regulated in the general part of the German Social Code (SGB I); the object of "external access" is always an entitlement to social benefits in cash. The instruments are classified in the legal system and functionally analyzed. In the process, the concept of “Disposition” is developed as a unifying characteristic. Numerous problems of substantive and procedural law are resolved. From a constitutional point of view, the evaluation takes into account the humane minimum subsistence level. Finally, the study is devoted to the question of how to treat opposing accesses.
Polizei- und Ordnungsrecht Hessen
Authors: Fischer Mattias G. , Leggereit Rainer , Sommer Jürgen
Published: February 2021

Die polizeiliche Generalklausel, Standardmaßnahmen und das Vollstreckungsrecht zählen zu den klassischen Themen in der öffentlich-rechtlichen Examensklausur. Das Kompendium "Polizei- und Ordnungsrecht Hessen" bietet mit seiner profunden Darstellung dieser Problemfelder aus hessischer Sicht die Grundlage für eine gezielte Examensvorbereitung. Die 6. Aufl. wurde grundlegend überarbeitet und ist auf dem Stand vom 30. Juni 2020.
Geschäftsleiterbinnenhaftung in Großvereinen
Authors: Nußbaum Anton Leopold
Published: February 2021

The internal liability of managers of large associations is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of their growing economic importance, especially considering the stricter compliance obligations. The book develops de lege lata with the help of corporate principles a liability regime for board members and association managers with and without corporate board positions that is in line with common interests. At the same time, the author uses a practical analysis of various association structures to indicate the problems that exist in the realization of liability and recommends de lege ferenda for a mandatory supervisory board for large associations based on the model of stock corporation law. The work addresses equally academics and legal practice as well as the associations themselves.
Die Nichtangriffsverpflichtung im deutschen und europäischen Kartellrecht
Authors: Lauer Anne-Kathrin
Published: February 2021

Subject of this dissertation is the assessment of non-challenge clauses between a patent holder and a licensee as well as possible exceptions for free licences, obsolete technology and settlement agreements against the background of German and EU competition law. In addition, the author assesses non-challenge obligations based on the principle of good faith as well as termination rights of the patent holder in case of challenge. Finally, the author analyses whether recent German and EU case law on the compulsory licence defence results in contradictions to the assessment of non-challenge obligations.

The author graduated from the University of Heidelberg and works as an attorney in the field of German and EU competition law.
Ehrverletzungen durch den Arbeitnehmer unter besonderer Berücksichtigung sozialer Netzwerke
Authors: Köster-Eiserfunke Julian
Published: February 2021

Insults in social networks – not only an issue for the prosecutor but also for the labour lawyer. The handling of this phenomenon and its numerous facets occasionally seems little calculable. Against this background, the author at first carves out basically, why and to what extent libels can constitute breaches of obligation in the employment. Thereafter, the findings are transferred on social networks and numerous practical questions are examined. Does privacy exist in the web? How is a click on the „like button“ legally classified? What problems of evidence occur? The author generates guidelines and demonstrates on the basis of numerous constellations that it is not necessary to reinvent the wheel.
E-Sport auf Landesebene
Authors: Schöber Timo , Möglich Jana , Simoneit Frank , Ottowitz Alexander , Junge Jens
Published: February 2021

E-Sport boomt! Jahr für Jahr verzeichnet der E-Sport weltweit einen Zuwachs von rund 27 %. Die Esportpedia beleuchtet die verschiedenen Facetten des E-Sports. Band 2 beschäftigt sich mit dem E-Sport auf Landesebene. Hierbei ist nicht unbedingt der große Profisport relevant, sondern vielmehr der Breitensport, das Vereinswesen und vieles mehr. Wie können Förderungen in diesem Bereich aussehen? Welche Probleme stehen dem gegenüber? Diese und viele weitere Aspekte werden in diesem Buch behandelt.
Cada día se ven muchos milagros
Authors: Heredia Morillo Aida L.
Published: February 2021

In a sweeping work that draws from original research and insightful analysis, Cada día se ven muchos milagros offers a new window into faith and narratives of power in Dominican history. Pointing up a tale that understands providentialism from the perspective of rural, Afrodescendent, and elite actors alike, it shows that memory, justice, religion and power have always been more complex than colonial and national teleologies. The book examines historical records never analysed before, such as Memorias del Cristo de Bayaguana, ordinary devotees’ letters to La Virgen de Altagracia, a painting of a slave and the miracle performed on him, and accounts of the United States’s military occupation of the Dominican Republic in 1916.
Barremian anurans of the Iberian Peninsula: new insights into their taxonomic diversity
Authors: Ana M. BÁEZ undefined
Published: February 2021

The Barremian continental successions of the Iberian Peninsula have yielded numerous remains of anurans. Some of these finds consist of fragmentary bones whereas others furnish more complete evidence on the skeletal morphology and proportions of the represented taxa. Notwithstanding the foregoing, most of these records have been ascribed either to the relatively basal extant costatan clade or to the poorly known extinct genus Eodiscoglossus Villalta, 1954 based on insufficient data. Recent revisions of some of these materials have demonstrated the presence of traits presumably plesiomorphic and unknown in extant costatans, thereby casting doubts on their phylogenetic placements. Herein two specimens from the upper Barremian Las Hoyas Konservat-lagerstätte are thoroughly described and compared, providing evidence of additional anuran taxa in this site. One of these specimens, initially reported as cf. Eodiscoglossus, is referred to Wealdenbatrachus Fey, 1988, a genus already described in the coeval fossil site of Uña. Another specimen consisting of a partial postcranial skeleton is documented by a latex-rubber cast and a photograph; it represents a new taxon whose phylogenetic position remains uncertain due to the incompleteness of the available evidence. Comments on a third specimen that might belong to another taxon are included, although its detailed description awaits its full preparation. The overview of the Barremian taxa currently recognized from Iberia reveals the co-occurrence of taxa of different sizes, body proportions, and lifestyles, suggesting some ecological partitioning in consonance with the heterogeneous habitats represented in the yielding fossil sites.
CAMBIOS EN LA VEGETACIÓN DURANTE EL HOLOCENO RECIENTE EN EL VALLE DEL LOZOYA (SIERRA DE GUADARRAMA, MADRID)
Authors: RUIZ ZAPATA M. Blanca , GÓMEZ GONZÁLEZ Clemencia , LÓPEZ-SÁEZ José Antonio , GIL GARCIA Maria José , VERA María Soledad , MEDIAVILLA Rosa , DOMÍNGUEZ Fernando , SANTISTEBAN Juan
Published: February 2021

Se presentan los datos palinológicos procedentes de un testigo obtenido en una formación higroturbosa de origen periglacial situada en el término municipal de Rascafría (Valle del Lozoya, Madrid). El objetivo principal de este trabajo es reconstruir la evolución de la vegetación en el área durante el Holoceno Reciente. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan la existencia de un paisaje vegetal dominado por el estrato herbáceo, constituido fundamentalmente por Cichorioideae, Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae y Plantago lanceolata. El grupo arbustivo (Erica arborea, Rosaceae, Juniperus y Cistaceae) tiene un papel poco importante en la vegetación; la masa forestal de Pinus sylvestris y en menor proporción P. pinaster y Quercus, junto a presencias de Betula, y Corylus, es poco representativa a lo largo del perfil, excepto hacia el techo de la secuencia, donde muestra un fuerte y progresivo aumento. Esta información pone de manifiesto la presencia de un paisaje mediterráneo abierto y antropizado, dominado por zonas de pastizal dedicadas al ganado, según se deduce en el diagrama polínico a través de las proporciones de los componentes nitrófilos de carácter zoógeno y antropozoógeno. La presencia de taxones de ribera (Alnus y Fraxinus) y las variaciones de Cyperaceae, como representante mayoritario de los taxones higro-hidrófilos, definen importantes fluctuaciones en la tasa de humedad.
ICNITAS DE POSIBLES DINOSAURIOS TIREÓFOROS DEL JURÁSICO INFERIOR (ALTO ATLAS, GOULMIMA. MARRUECOS)
Authors: Hadri Majid , Pereda-Suberbiola Xabier , Boutakiout Mohamed , Pérez-Lorente Félix
Published: February 2021

Tras haberse encontrado varios yacimientos con icnitas de dinosaurio de edad Carixiense (Pliensbaquiense, Liásico Medio) en las proximidades de Goulmima (Alto Atlas Central de Marruecos), una campaña de prospección condujo al hallazgo de un nuevo afloramiento, sobre todo destacable por uno de los tipos de icnitas que contiene. Se descubrieron tres rastrilladas: una con icnitas terópodas de tipo Eubrontes y dos con grandes pisadas “ornitópodas” similares a algunas atribuidas a grandes Iguanodontia. De acuerdo con la edad liásica de las rocas y el gran tamaño relativo de las icnitas, y siguiendo las interpretaciones previas de otros autores, se atribuyen a tireóforos graviportales y aparentemente bípedos, posiblemente próximos a estegosaurios.
TABULATE CORALS AND STRATIGRAPHY OF LOWER DEVONIAN AND MISSISSIPPIAN ROCKS NEAR BARCELONA (CATALONIAN COASTAL RANGES, NORTHEAST SPAIN)
Authors: Plusquellec Yves , Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza , Sanz-López Javier , Soto Francisco , Magrans Josep , Ferrer Enric
Published: February 2021

In this paper the content of tabulate corals of the Olorda (Lower Devonian) and El Papiol (Mississipian). Formations near Barcelona (Catalonian Coastal Ranges, NE Spain) are described for the first time. The Olorda Formation was studied in the Bruguers section, where two new tabulate coral species, Petridictyum casanovai n. sp. and Procteria (Granulidictyum)? gavaensis n. sp., have been collected. The El Papiol Formation was studied in the El Papiol and Cánoves sections, and four tabulate coral taxa, Sutherlandia? sp., Smythina humilis (Hinde, 1896), Palaeacis sp. and Cladochonus sp., have been recognised. In addition, the succession of the Olorda Formation in Bruguers is described. Lochkovian-lowermost Pragian age is established for the B Member of this formation in Bruguers and this section is correlated with the type section of the formation in Santa Creu d’Olorda. Finally, it is deduced that the sedimentation of the upper part (B Member) of the Olorda Formation, in Bruguers, and the El Papiol Formation, in the El Papiol, took place on a muddy and soft bottom, typical of still waters, with scarce terrigenous supplies.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Gozalo Rodolfo , Pardo-Alonso Miguel V
Published: February 2021

El motivo de este editorial es informar sobre algunas novedades que se están introduciendo en la Revista Española de Paleontología y explicar los motivos de estas modificaciones.
Durante el año pasado y el primer semestre del actual, nuestra Revista ha estado incluida en la “I Evaluación Voluntaria de la Calidad de Revistas Científicas Españolas” auspiciada por la Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT), dependiente del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. A esta evaluación voluntaria se acogieron en primera instancia 275 revistas, si bien en el proceso de evaluación sólo participaron 226. En la 1ª fase se tuvieron en cuenta aspectos como el cumplimiento de la periodicidad, la no endogamia en normas a los autores y la adecuación de estas normas; en la 2ª fase se cotejaron las evaluaciones externas realizadas para algunos de los artículos publicados y que los revisores no fueran mayoritariamente del Consejo de Redacción ni de la Junta Directiva de la Sociedad; ya en la 3ª fase, las revistas fueron analizadas por un Comité de expertos.
También, como se puede comprobar en la página web de SEP (www.sepaleontologia.es), se han incluido las versiones completas de los artículos publicados en los volúmenes 21 a 23 de la Revista, en formato pdf; a partir de ahora los artículos de cada nuevo número que se publique de la Revista se irán subiendo a nuestra página web. Próximamente se va a subir todos los números que han sido editados por el actual editor.
L’ichthyofaune messinienne du bassin de Sorbas (Almería, Espagne) et ses rapports avec l’environnement sédimentaire
Authors: Gaudant Jean
Published: February 2021

Fish skeletons were collected at three different levels in the Messinian of the Sorbas basin (Andalusia, South Spain). The richest fossiliferous level is a diatomitic stratum which occurs a few metres below the bottom of the evaporitic sequence. It has mainly yielded many juvenile Myctophids: Myctophum licatae and less abundant Maurolicus muelleri This indicates the occurrence of a rather deep open sea in the vicinity. Additionally, some skeletal remains of Sardina ? crassa were found in a clayey intercalation between two massive beds of gypsum. The occurrence of this marine species is indicative of the persistence of the sea during the evaporitic episode.
Finally, as shown by the occurrence of aphanius crassicaudus in the postevaporitic Messinian, a lagoonal environment existed in this basin, as a result of a relative lowering of the sea level. Additionally, another fossiliferous locality yielding the same species is reported near Gafares, in the postevaporitic Messinian of the northern part of the Níjar-Carboneras basin.
Palentiella palentina n.g. n.sp. (braquiópodo camarotoechioidea) del Eifeliense Superior de la Región Palentina (cordillera Cantábrica Oriental, N de España)
Authors: García-Alcalde Jenaro L
Published: February 2021

Se describe un nuevo braquiópodo camarotoéquido Septalariidae, Palentiella palentina n.g. n.sp, del Devónico Medio (Eifeliense superior) del dominio Palentino de la Cordillera Cantábrica. Se incorporan al nuevo género, además de la especie-tipo, P. palentina, otras dos de la misma edad: “Camarotoechia” willefertae Drot, 1971, de Marruecos, y Nemesa hertae Havlí?ek, 1961, de la República Checa. Los taxones referidos se originaron en la fase de renovación faunística que siguió al Evento Chote?-jugleri, durante el Eifeliense inferior, pero ninguno de ellos consiguió superar el evento Ka?ák-otomari (Eifeliense terminal) posterior. P. palentina es una excelente guía estratigráfica en el Devónico del Dominio Palentino, donde aparece siempre acantonada en la alternancia de pizarras y calizas nodulosas margosas de la Formación Gustalapiedra, inmediatamente por debajo del Miembro Man.
Metric variation in Afromeryx And Libycosaurus (Anthracotheriidae: Mammalia) and its utility for biochronology
Authors: Pickford Martin
Published: February 2021

In mammal groups with few genera at any one time, such as the Neogene anthracotheres of Africa, not only can dental data yield evidence of geological age, but so can postcranial evidence. In the case of Late Neogene suids, which comprised several contemporaneous genera, dental data is useful for biochronology, but only when morphological and metric data are combined. In such groups, postcranial evidence is not as valuable because it is difficult to determine with confidence to which group such bones belong.
In Africa, in contrast, anthracotheres had low diversity throughout the Neogene, with usually three or fewer taxa present at most levels older than 17.5 Ma, and only one after ca 16 Ma to the end of the Late Miocene. Evidence shows that this lineage increased in size throughout its existence.
The aim of this contribution is to re-examine the question of variability in the Chad sample of Libycosaurus and to compare it to collections from other African localities in order to determine whether the size differences observed are compatible with a single species (Lebatard et al., 2008) or whether they support the presence of two species in the region (Pickford, 2008a, 2008b). If two taxa occur at Toros-Menalla, then this would have implications for the biochronology of the deposits (Pickford, 2008a, 2008b) whereas if only one highly sexually dimorphic species is present, it would have implications for understanding the ecology of these anthracotheres.
RECENSIÓN. Actas de las IV Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontología de Dinosaurios y su entorno
Authors: Gascó Francisco
Published: February 2021

Acaba de ser editado el volumen de trabajos correspondientes a las IV Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontología de Dinosaurios y su entorno. Estas jornadas se vienen organizando desde 1999 por parte del Colectivo Arqueológico y Paleontológico de Salas de los Infantes (Burgos) cada 2 o 3 años, y se han convertido en una referente a nivel internacional.
De los tres periodos que componen el Mesozoico, la mayor parte de artículos la acapara el Cretácico, seguido por el Jurásico. Acerca del Triásico, no obstante, solo hay pequeñas referencias.
El volumen se compone de dos partes principales, una con los artículos correspondientes a las conferencias, y otra con los trabajos presentados como comunicaciones. Los siete artículos correspondientes a las conferencias incluyen estudios monográficos, que tienden a ofrecer una visión global del actual estudio de los dinosaurios y su entorno, de la mano de grandes expertos en cada tema. Respecto a la segunda parte, se agrupan un total de catorce artículos. De ellos, únicamente el de Bermúdez-Rochas et al. se dedica a otros grupos animales diferentes de los dinosaurios, como son los peces y bivalvo.
Este volumen pone de manifiesto cómo la diversidad de enfoques puede coexistir con los estudios descriptivos y sistemáticos clásicos, que siguen siendo necesarios para esclarecer temas aun candentes, como la variabilidad intraespecífica o las relaciones filogenéticas.
Optical character recognition system for Baybayin scripts using support vector machine
Authors: Pino Rodney , Mendoza Renier , Sambayan Rachelle
Published: February 2021

In 2018, the Philippine Congress signed House Bill 1022 declaring the Baybayin script as the Philippines’ national writing system. In this regard, it is highly probable that the Baybayin and Latin scripts would appear in a single document. In this work, we propose a system that discriminates the characters of both scripts. The proposed system considers the normalization of an individual character to identify if it belongs to Baybayin or Latin script and further classify them as to what unit they represent. This gives us four classification problems, namely: (1) Baybayin and Latin script recognition, (2) Baybayin character classification, (3) Latin character classification, and (4) Baybayin diacritical marks classification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that makes use of Support Vector Machine (SVM) for Baybayin script recognition. This work also provides a new dataset for Baybayin, its diacritics, and Latin characters. Classification problems (1) and (4) use binary SVM while (2) and (3) apply the multiclass SVM classification. On average, our numerical experiments yield satisfactory results: (1) has 98.5% accuracy, 98.5% precision, 98.49% recall, and 98.5% F1 Score; (2) has 96.51% accuracy, 95.62% precision, 95.61% recall, and 95.62% F1 Score; (3) has 95.8% accuracy, 95.85% precision, 95.8% recall, and 95.83% F1 Score; and (4) has 100% accuracy, 100% precision, 100% recall, and 100% F1 Score.
Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging applied to rat model of contrast-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Wang Bin , Li Junjie , Wang Yongfang
Published: February 2021

Objectives

In this preclinical investigation, the feasibility of using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) is explored, comparing radiographic outcomes with histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings after repeated animal exposures to iodinated contrast agent.

Materials and Methods

Forty-five male wistar rats were allocated to three groups (n = 15 each), each receiving two separate injections 1 day apart: group 1 (iodixanol then saline); group 2 (iodixanol twice); and control group (saline twice). Five rats were then randomly selected from each group at three separate time points (1 h, 24 h, and 120 h) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Upon MRI completion, the animals were sacrificed, examining renal tissue and serum creatinine level. DTI data served to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).

Results

FA values were significantly lower in group 2 than in the others. Compared with controls, FA assessments at 1 h, 24 h, and 120 h after injections commenced were significantly lower in group 2; and ADC was significantly more pronounced at 24 h. Serum creatinine levels at 24 h were markedly elevated in both groups 1 and 2. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between FA (r = −0.730; p < 0.05) or ADC (r = −0.827; p < 0.05) and tubular injury and between FA (r = −0.563; p < 0.05) or ADC (r = −0.805; p < 0.05) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α.

Conclusions

Analytic approaches to DTI with better reproducibility should aid in monitoring the early pathophysiologic derangements of CIAKI, thus facilitating timely reversal of the detrimental effects.
New data on tail lengths and variation along the caudal series in the non-avialan dinosaurs
Authors: Hone David W.E. , Persons W. Scott , Le Comber Steven C.
Published: February 2021

The tails of non-avialan dinosaurs varied considerably in terms of overall length, total number of vertebrae, and gross form and function. A new dataset confirms that there is little or no consistent relationship between tail length and snout-sacrum length. Consequently, attempts to estimate one from the other are likely to be very error-prone. Patterns of changes in centra lengths across the caudal series vary among non-avian dinosaurs. However, some overarching patterns do emerge. A number of taxa show (anterior to posterior) a series of short centra, followed by a series of longer centra, with the remainder of the tail consisting of a long series of centra tapering in length. This pattern is consistent with functional constraints, and the anterior series of longer centra are coincident with the major attachments of femoral musculature. This pattern is not present in many basal taxa and may have evolved independently in different dinosaurian groups, further suggesting functional importance.