bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Productivity of sugar beet sterility maintainers on selective agricultural backgrounds with regulated abiotic factors
Authors: Kornieieva M. O. , Vakulenko P. I. , Andrieieva L. S. , Tymchychyn S. M.
Published: November 2019

Aim. To determine the variability productivity components of the sterility maintainers against the selective agricultural background; to differentiate the lines according to the environmental parameters of plasticity and stability; to select the best lines for obtaining highly adaptive heterotic hybrids. Methods. Breeding material testing against agricultural backgrounds with different combinations of controlled abiotic factors and the method of Eberhard-Russell. Results. The average yield increased by 0.4 t/ha on LGS+NNB and by 1.1 t/ha on LGS+RNB. LGS+RNB reduced sugar content in roots. The highest sugar content values were recorded in O-type 1 line on LGS+NNB (18.6%) and in the O-type 2 line on NGS+NNB (19.4%). O-type lines were differentiated according to the response to the change of abiotic factors. Conclusions. O-type lines are characterized by a specific response to the controlled abiotic factors. O-type 4 and O-type 6 lines can be attributed to intensive type. O-type 3 and O-type 5 lines are considered stable for both signs. O-type 1 and O-type 2 lines showed relative stability by yield and an intensive response to the variability of the medium by sugar content. Keywords: sterility maintainers, yield, sugar content, genotype effect, the coefficient of plasticity.
Constitution of swine in ontogenesis and phylogenesis
Authors: Khokhlov A. M. , Baranovskyi D. I. , Danilovа T. M.
Published: November 2019

Aim. Determination of the peculiarities of the formation of constitutional types in ontogenesis in animals of the modern large white breed of pigs in comparison with the wild european boar (Sus scrofa ferus) is a form of the breeding process, that has both theoretical and practical significance. Methods. The objects of the study are embryos, fetuses, newborns and adult animals of large white breed of pigs and wild boar in different periods of ontogenesis using zootechnical, morphological and mathematical-statistic methods of research. Results. Individual development of animals can be conventionally divided into two main periods: morphogenetic (or embryonic prenatal) and postmorphogenetic (or post-embryonic, postnatal). The morphogenetic period is the most crucial period in the ontogenesis of animals, the period of the highest activity of genes, which provides a fundamental placement and development of the basic functional systems of the body. Therefore, for the consideration of signs of embryonic development becomes one of the criteria of artificial selection of individuals for their natural hereditarily determined type of exteriors, constitutions, and metabolism. It particularly reflects the leading role of embryogenesis in the formation of the body structure and productive qualities of animals. Conclusions. For the species practice of selection, breeding and domestication consisted of changes in quantitative and qualitative relationships in growth and development, which, combined with subsequent targeted selection, contributed to the formation of modern breeds of pigs. The constitutional type analysis of the animals formation in ontogenesis has the most selective significance, which is primarily manifested in the exterior features. Domestication of the Sus scrofa consisted of consequently the exterior is expediently evaluated at different stages of ontogenesis, starting with the embryonic period and, especially, from birth.

Keywords: phylogeny, domestics, ontogenesis, constitution, selection, species, breed.
Genealogical analysis of patients with mental disorders
Authors: Bagatska N. V. , Glotka L. I. , Sukhov V. A.
Published: November 2019

Aim. To determine the family accumulation of multifactorial diseases in genealogies of patients with mental disorders (MD). Methods. Genealogical analysis was carried out in the families of patients with MD by the generally accepted method. Statistical analysis of the results of research was carried out using Excel software package and SPSS Statistics 17.0. Results. The genealogical analysis of patients showed that 58.8 % of families of probands with phobic-anxiety disorders (PAD) and 74.4 % of families of patients with anxiety-depressive disorders (ADD) had genetic burden for MD. In both groups, in relatives of sick probands, psychiatric, neurological and cardiovascular diseases were significantly more often, compared to the frequency of these diseases among members of families of healthy peers, moreover in families of patients with PAD endocrine diseases were more frequent. Conclusions. The genetic burden in children and adolescents with PAD and ADD has been determined. Among the multifactorial diseases in the families of patients with PAD and ADD mental, neurological and cardiovascular diseases and unfavorable factors of environment significantly prevailed.

Keywords: genealogies, patients, mental disorders, multifactorial diseases.
The role of folate metabolism genome in the formation of triiodothyronine in children living in areas affected by the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident
Authors: Bandazhevsky Yu. I. , Dubovaya N. F.
Published: November 2019

Aim. Aim of this study was to determine the role of the genome of folate metabolism in the formation of triiodothyronine in children living in areas affected by the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Methods. Immunochemical, mathematical and statistical. Results. The proportion of cases of elevated blood levels of triiodothyronine is statistically significantly higher in the group of children who are carriers of the G risk allele of the MTR:А2756G genetic polymorphism associated with the В12-dependent methionine synthase enzyme than in the group of children who have no this allele (MTR:2756 A/A genotype). The formation of triiodothyronine is associated with the metabolic conversion of homocysteine involving vitamin В6 as a cofactor of cystathionine β-synthase. Conclusions. The cause of thyrotoxic effects with damage to the cardiovascular system may lie in high levels of homocysteine occurring due to impaired functioning of В12-dependent methionine synthase.

Keywords: folate metabolism, triiodothyronine, genetic polymorphisms, radiation-contaminated areas.
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) course in prenatally stressed rat males, the offspring of mothers with different sensitivity to EAE
Authors: Utevska S. V.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The research is aimed at investigating the effect of prenatal stress on the incidence and course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as well as the level of sex hormones in 200-days-old male rats, offspring of females with different sensitivity to EAE induction. Methods. The incidence and severity of EAE including duration of latent period, duration of the period from the first to the maximum manifestation of motor disfunction, mean clinical scores, maximum level of motor disfunction (maximum clinical scores) were analyzed in rats with induced EAE. Serum testosterone, estradiol and progesterone levels were measure during Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results. The estradiol level of prenatally stressed males was significantly lower than in rats from the control group. Sensitive to EAE test male rats had lower testosterone levels than EAE resistant males, and the offspring of EAE sensitive mothers were more resistant to EAE induction than the offspring of EAE resistant mothers. Conclusions. Without significant changes in the course of EAE, the reduction in incidence depends on a combination of factors such as mother's sensitivity to EAE induction and prenatal stress. Keywords: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), prenatal stress, sex hormones, sensitivity to EAE induction.
Lactose intolerance and its association with the exogamy degree among the population of eastern Ukraine
Authors: Fedota O. M. , Babalian V. O. , Borozenets V. V. , Mazniakov S. M. , Puzik N. G.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between exogamy degree and lactose assimialation among the population of Eastern Ukraine in the Kharkiv region. Methods. The analysis included information on consumption and assimilation of milk and dairy products by 733 people aged from 14 to 79 years were. Statistical analysis included Shapiro-Wilk test, Pearson fitting (χ2) criterion and Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results. The lactose tolerance (LT) phenotype was found in 69.5%, whereas lactose intolerance (LI) – in 8.8% (from 3.5% to 24.1% in different age groups). In the age group 30-39 years: LI frequency was 24.1% being 2.5-6 times higher than in other groups. The exogamy degree of parents (EDP) showed in the group aged from 30 to 39 years the first EDP was 15.4%, being 1.4-2.5 times less (p = 0,05) than in other groups. Among people with bone marrow disorders the proportion of people with the first and second EDP was 60.9%, being 2.1 to 6.0 times higher than in other groups. Reduced EDP or increased inbreeding level causes the similarity of the chromosomes and affects the density of contact points between them during meiosis, level of recombination can be increased and associated with multifactorial traits. Conclusions. The results can be explained by the effect of the inbreeding level reduction in the presence of a high level of exogamy of parents, which causes high genetic diversity.

Keywords: lactose intolerance, lactose tolerance, exogamy degree of parents, single nucleotide polymorphisms 13910C-T and 22018G-A, gene МСМ6.
Biomass as a factor contributing to winter wheat yield increase
Authors: Morgun V. V. , Priadkina G. A. , Stasik O. O. , Zborіvskaіa O. V.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The search of factors influencing grain productivity, based on the comparison of the mass of dry matter in the aboveground parts of modern winter wheat varieties at the early stages of ontogenesis. Methods. Morphometric determination of biomass of the above-ground plant parts. Results. The varieties and lines of winter wheat with higher yields exceeded the less productive ones by the number of shoots per 1 m2 of soil on 8–12 % and by the dry matter weight of the above-ground plant parts on 23–34 % at the early stages of spring vegetation. According to two-year experiments, it was established a linear positive correlation (r = 0.85–0.86) of the dry matter weight of the above-ground plant parts per 1 m2 of soil during the period of stem elongation (BBCH 31-49) with the yield. Conclusions. The close relationship between yield and dry matter weight of the above-ground plant parts at the early stages of spring vegetation makes it possible to rank winter wheat varieties by potential yield. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., grain productivity, biomass, early stages of ontogenesis.
Assessment of the grain quality indicators in introgression wheat lines by the near infrared spectroscopy method
Authors: Моtsnyi I. I. , Molodchenkova O. O. , Bezlyudnyi V. N. , Solomonov R. V. , Kulbida M. P.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The variation of protein content and its relationship to agronomic traits of introgression wheat lines were studied to determine the differentiating ability of environment, a value of breeding traits from new sources and the relevancy of assessment methods. Methods. Growing plants under different conditions was combined with the laboratory methods for determining quality. Results. An average protein content of the lines (9.7–15.5 %) was higher in the wide-row crop and in drouth years, and the range of variation was wider in dry years in the wide-row crop, but in favorable years in the solid crop. A stable positive correlation of protein content with gluten content (0.87–0.96) and sedimentation value (0.58–0.90), and the negative correlation with yield was established. Conclusions. The parameters of plant resistance to diseases and harsh agricultural backgrounds, the determination of protein content by several methods and the differentiating ability of the environments with optimal conditions and a high agricultural background should be used for selection and objective evaluation of material. Weather conditions may limit the use of some indicators as breeding traits. The method of near-infrared spectroscopy requires constant calibrations, following measurement instructions may overestimate the protein content and affect the efficiency of the selection process.

Keywords: wheat, introgression lines, protein content, methods.
Chromosomal localization patterns of beta-galactosidase genes in streptomycetes
Authors: Polishchuk L. V.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The aim is to identify trends of localization of genes encoding beta-galactosidase (β-gal genes) in the genomes of streptomycetes. Methods. Genetic maps of 94 strains of streptomycetes from the NCBI server database were analyzed. Results. Molecular sizes of genomes from the strains sample were from 6.84 Mbp up to 12.7 Mbp. Most of genomes (43.7 %) in the sample have molecular sizes 7.0 Mbp – 8.5 Mbp. As determined, the number of β-gal genes on genetic maps ranged from 0 to 13. 61.3 % of the strains contained 1 - 3 β-gal genes in their genomes. It has been established that these genes are located in the genomes of streptomycetes, as a rule, in terminal regions. 79 % of the studied β-gal genes had a molecular size from 1.5 kb. up to 2.1 kb. Conclusions. The following patterns of localization of β-gal genes in the genomes of streptomycetes were established: 1) Tendency of localization of the overwhelming majority of β-gal genes in the terminal regions of streptomycete genomes; 2) Trend has been established for the localization in the core region of individual β-gal genes, both in genomes of large molecular size and containing more than 8 genes; 3) The streptomycetes genomes contain the β-gal genes mainly of the size from 1.5 kb up to 2.1 kb regardless of molecular sizes of their genomes and the number of β-gal genes in them.

Keywords: β-gal gene, genome, Streptomyces, molecular size.
Assessment of the potential of Artemisia annua L. as a source of biologically active substances in Belarus
Authors: Shutava H. G. , Shysh S. N. , Shabunya P. S. , Fatykhava S. A. , Skakovski E. D. , Tychinskaya L. Yu.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The aim of the work was to assess the composition of biologically active compounds in plants of Artemisia annua L. Methods. The plants were grown on the experimental plot of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Essential oil from the above-ground mass was isolated by the method of water-steam distillation. To analyze the content of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids, we used the method of quantitative extraction and spectrophotometric determination of the total content of hydroxycinnamic acids in the presence of flavonoids in plant extractive substances, and the method of Folin-Chocalteu was used to determine the content of phenolic compounds. Analysis of the essential oils was performed by GC and NMR. The analysis of the content of phenolic acids in extracts was performed by HPLC. Results. The genetic potential of A. annua was evaluated under conditions of the central agroclimatic zone of Belarus. The yield and composition of essential oils, the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, the composition of phenolic acids were studied. Conclusions. A. annua in the conditions of the central agroclimatic zone of Belarus contains essential oil, which is dominated by isoartemisia ketone, β-selinene, β-myrcene and camphor. In the above-ground mass phenolic acids including chlorogenic acid and isomers of caffeoylquinic acid were predominant in the composition of phenolic compounds.

Keywords: annual wormwood, essential oil, phenolic compounds, phenolic acids.
The problem of plants resistance to herbicides – inhibitors of acetolactate synthase
Authors: Guralchuk Zh. Z. , Morderer Ye. Yu.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The purpose of the work is to analyze the available literature data associated with the emergence of resistance to herbicides ALS inhibitors. Results. Target resistance to herbicides ALS inhibitors is a consequence of genetic mutations due to the replacement of one amino acid with another in the enzyme polypeptide. The article deals with data on the action of herbicides ALS inhibitors on the functioning of the enzyme and its modification in the presence of mutations that predispose the resistance to herbicides ALS inhibitors. Brief description of the structural features of the binding of various classes of herbicides inhibitors ALS with the target enzyme and the modification of the cofactors (thiamine diphosphate and flavin adenine dinucleotide) is presented. Conclusions. Studies of recent decades have led to an increase in knowledge about the action characteristics of herbicides belonging to different classes of ALS inhibitors and the causes of resistance. The obtained results are the basis for better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to herbicides and the development of ways to overcome them. Keywords: herbicides, acetolactate synthase, resistance, gene mutation.
Seed embryonic death in invasive populations of Ulmus pumila L. and Ulmus suberosa Moench in the steppe Dnieper region
Authors: Kravets O. A. , Pirko Ya. V. , Kalafat L. O. , Rabokon A. M. , Bilonozhko Yu. O. , Postovoitova A. С. , Lycholat Yu. V.
Published: November 2019

Aim. Analysis of seed embryonic death and seed viability as a indexes of the genetic and reproductive state of Ulmus pumila L. and U. suberosa Moench to determine the mechanisms of invasiveness of their populations in the Dnieper steppe. Methods. Morphological, anatomical, cytological, statistical. Results. Investigated U. pumila populations differed on indexis of the embryonic death, seed viability and seed productivity. Populations growing in more favorable environmental conditions are distinguished by a better reproductive, physiological, and genetic conditions. Two from three U. pumila populations are characterized by low rates of embryonic death, high viability indices and seed productivity. This can indicate their heterogeneous origin and a significant level of heterozygosity. Vice versa, U. suberosa population has a high rates of embryonic death of seeds and low seed viability which may be due to population's limited and/or its poor physiological state and a decrease in heterozygosity. Conclusions. There are different levels of heterozygosity in the U. pumila population at the steppe Dnieper. Probably seed reproduction and distribution of this species is not significantly limited by genetic, physiological or environmental factors. Populations of U. suberosa in this region are characterized by worse genetic status. Seed reproduction of invasive populations of this species can be significantly limited. Keywords: seed embryonic death, empty samara, seed viability, heterozygosity, invasive populations, Ulmus pumila L., Ulmus suberosa Moench.
Antiradiation properties of extracts from Hypericum perforatum L.
Authors: Shamilov E. N. , Abdullaev A. S. , Shamilli V. E. , Azizov I. V.
Published: November 2019

Aim. Considering the high biological activity of the components of the St. John’s wort, we conducted studies to identify its radioprotective effect. Methods. Studies were conducted on adult Vistar rats with an average weight of 100-120 grams.3 hours before irradiation, the extract from St. John’s wort was intraperitoneally administered to animals at a concentration of 50 mg/kg. Irradiation was carried out once with doses of 5 and 7 Gy on the “Rhund-20000” facility with an average radiation dose rate MD = 0.3069 Gr/s. The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities was recorded on the mitotic cells of the bone marrow. Results. Acute irradiation with a dose of 5 Gy led to cell division inhibition. The number of chromosomal aberrations increased due to structural disorders (deletions, fragments, inversions) up to 6.8%.In animals that received a dose of 7 Gy after a single irradiation, the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities increased to 11.02%. The introduction of the Hypericum perforatum L. extract softened the effect of ionizing radiation, reducing the mutational effect of radiation. It not only contributed to the restoration of the cell division, but also reduced the proportion of structural disorders. Conclusions. Hypericum extract can be considered to be promising as an anti-radiation agent of plant origin.

Keywords: rats, chromosomal abnormalities, marrow, irradiation, extract.
Bioinformatic identification of Ty1/Copia-like transposable elements in Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv.
Authors: Andreev I. O. , Konvalyuk I. I. , Kunakh V. A.
Published: November 2019

Aim. Identification of Ty1/Copia-like transposable elements in Deschampsia antarctica E Desv. in silico. Methods. Bioinformatic analysis of sequence read archives of D. antarctica genome and transcriptome contained in the GenBank database was conducted. The search was carried out using the rice Ty1/Copia TE Tos 17 as a reference sequence. Results. The search revealed the sequences of Ty1/Copia retrotransposons in the D. antarctica genome to show a high level of identity (up to 75% in the homologous regions) to Tos 17. The uneven distribution of the found reads along the reference sequence indicates the existence of a group of the sequences in the genome to contain elements typical of the family and have varying degrees of identity to Tos 17, with more conservative ones being represented in correspondingly greater numbers among the found reads. The presence of the reads identical to Tos 17 in transcriptome indicates that the TE sequences identified in genome have a certain background level of transcriptional activity. Conclusions. Transcriptionally active Ty1/Copia-like transposable elements were identified in silico in D. antarctica genome using methods of bioinformatics. The sequences found can be used to construct primers for PCR and to analyze the activity of the TE of this family in D. antarctica in further studies.

Keywords: bioinformatic analysis, Deschampsia antarctica E Desv., transposable elements, Ty1/Copia.
Conservation of dinitroani-line/phosphorothioamidate site of α-tubulin in Plasmodium species distributed in India
Authors: Karpov P. A. , Demchuk O. M. , Ozheredov S. P. , Spivak S. I. , Yemets A. I. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: November 2019

Aim. To evaluate polymorphism of dinitroaniline/phosphorothioamidate binding site in α-tubulin molecules from Plasmodium species (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae) and strains discovered in India. Methods. Literature and database search. Bioinformatical comparison of protein sequences and structures. Multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic profiling, protein structure modeling, etc. Results. 14 complete sequences of α-tubulin from four Plasmodium species were selected from UniProtKB. Despite certain differences in complete sequences of α-tubulin molecules from different Plasmodium species and strains, sites of their interaction with dinitroaniline and phosphorothioamidate compounds were shown to be identical. Conclusions. Complete identity of dinitroaniline/phosphorothioamidate binding sites in all studied isotypes of α-tubulin molecules from P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae was confirmed. This suggests identity of the ligand-protein interaction mechanism and similar destabilizing effect of dinitroaniline and phosphorothioamidate compounds on microtubules of all Plasmodium species officially registered in India.

Keywords: malaria, Plasmodium, α-tubulin, dinitroanilines, phosphorothioamidates, binding site.
Identification of plant α-tubulin amino acids playing a key role in specific binding of nitroaniline compounds
Authors: Ozheredov S. P. , Demchuk O. M. , Karpov P. A. , Spivak S. I. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: November 2019

Aim. Computational prediction of amino acid residues critical for specific binding of nitro- and dinitroaniline compounds in plant α-tubulin. Methods. Protein structure modeling (I-Tasser, Grid-computing) and ligand library preparation, molecular docking (CCDC Gold), molecular dynamics (MD, Gromacs computing in Grid). Evaluation of the amino acid ensemble associated with ligand binding based on results of MD energy perturbations of protein-ligand complex. Results. The structural model of plant α-tubulin from Avena sativa was build. Also, the virtual library of 25 nitroaniline compounds was prepared. The docking of ligands into the interdimer contact of α-tubulin and MD simulations of the leading complexes reveal differences in ligands conformational energy during the exchange between free and binding states. The mean number of hydrogen bonds and dynamics of their formation in complex were compared. These computations allow us to select a.a. residues playing key role in specific interaction with nitro- and dinitroaniline compounds in plant α-tubulin. Conclusions. Computational prediction specify 28 a.a. residues playing the main role in binding of nitro- and dinitroaniline compounds with plant α-tubulin from Avena sativa: Arg2, Glu3, Ile4, Cys129, Thr130, Gly131, Leu132, Gln133, Gly134, Gly162, Lys163, Lys164, Ser165, Leu242, Arg243, Asp245, Gly246, Ala247, Ile248, Asn249, Val250, Asp251,Val252, Thr253, Glu254, Phe255, Thr257, Asn258.

Keywords: plant, α-tubulin, nitroaniline compounds, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, ligand binding.
Bioinformatic analysis of chickpea acetohydroxyacid synthase gene
Authors: Slishchuk H. I. , Volkova N. E. , Zakharova O. O. , Korchmaryоvа A. V.
Published: November 2019

Aim. Analysis of homologues of chickpea gene encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase, by bioinformatics methods. Methods. Alignment of nucleotide sequences, UPGMA method, Maximum Composite Likelihood method, homologous modeling of three-dimensional structure of enzyme. Results. Homologues of the acetohydroxyacid syntase gene (AHAS) of  chickpea were found among representatives of different families. A certain level of conservativeness of mRNA homologues sequences of AHAS gene within the families was noted, including legumes. The distribution of clusters corresponds to the taxonomic position of the investigated plant species. The single nucleotide polymorphism C / T at position 581, potentially associated with herbicide resistance, was detected. Based on the homologous modeling results, two models of the enzyme AHAS were constructed. The replacement of C / T, which leads to the replacement of the amino acids of alanine with valine, leads to a change in the conformation in the A chain of protein. Conclusions. Marker screening of the source breeding material by «real-time» polymerase chain reaction with the developed primers and the TaqMan probe to the polymorphic region of the AHAS gene will allow differentiating the herbicide «resistant» and «tolerant» alleles of the gene for the selection of target genotypes.

Keywords: chickpea, acetohydroxyacid syntase gene, single nucleotide polymorphism, resistance to herbicides.
Change in the content of cannabinoid substances in Cannabis sativa L. inzucht-generations in the plus and minus selections
Authors: Polyakova A. S. , Rakhmetov D. B.
Published: November 2019

Aim. To determine the change in the structure of the inzucht-offspring in the content of cannabinoid substances in plants of different varieties of hemp under the influence of directed plus and minus selections. Methods. Taking into account the lability of natural phenol-cannabinoids, their transformation and isomerization under the influence of various factors, the method of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used. Plants of varieties YuSO1 and Hlyana at the budding period were labeled and separated. Results. By selecting plants in inzucht offsprings for three years aimed at reducing the content of cannabinoids in the hemp straw YSO 1 and increasing the amount of these substances in the Hlyana variety showed that the increase in the content of cannabinoids was more active than reduction, indicating a dominant feature of cannabinoids. Under the condition of isolation, self-pollination and regardless of the plus and minus selections for the content of cannabinoids, for three generations there was a decrease in plant height and sterility of varieties. Conclusions. The results of chromatographic analyzes of inzucht generations by the content of cannabinoid substances under the influence of minus and plus selections indicate their dominant feature. Regardless of the minus and plus selections by the content of cannabinoids, provided that the isolation and self-pollination were carried out, the plant height declined. Keywords: THC, CBD, CBN, CBDА, THCA.
Identification of putative origin of Iris pumila L. karyotype
Authors: Twardovska M. O. , Andreev I. O. , Kunakh V. A.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The study was aimed at cytogenetic analysis of Iris pumila, I. attica, and I. pseudopumila, comparative study of the karyotypes of these species, as well as identification of putative origin of I. pumila karyotype. Methods. Cytogenetic analysis of root apical meristem, determination of chromosome number in mitotic metaphase plates, anaphase analysis. Results. The chromosome numbers observed were 2n=32 for I. pumila plants from different localities in Ukraine and 2n=16 for I. attica and I. pseudopumila plants from Greece and Italy, respectively. Some of the plants were mixoploids, the smallest proportion of mixoploids was in I. pseudopumila (10.9%) and the largest in I.pumila from all studied populations (60-80%). Anaphase analysis showed the presence of chromosomal aberrations in 2.6% of cells in roots of I. pseudopumila seedlings. The highest level of structural chromosomal aberrations (9.2%) was found in root apical meristem cells of I. pumila seedlings. Conclusions. The chromosome number was established as 2n=32 for I.pumila plants and 2n=16 for I. attica and I. pseudopumila plants. The high level of mixoploidy (60–80% of mixoploid plants) and anaphase chromosomal aberrations (up to 9.2%) was found in apical meristem of I. pumila seedlings. The amphidipiloid nature of I. pumila was established; the karyotype of the species could be formed as a result of a combination of chromosome sets from hypothetical ancestral species I. attica and I. pseudopumila. Keywords: Iris pumila L., Iris attica Boiss. & Heldr., Iris pseudopumila Tineo, chromosome number, amphidiploid, mixoploidy.
Analysis of the role of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the life span control in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Gorenskaya O. V. , Navrotskaya V. V.
Published: November 2019

Aim. To analyze life span in mutant Drosophila stocks with impaired tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism. Methods. Wild type stocks Canton-S and Oregon, stocks with mutations of the locus white: white, whiteapricot, whitesatsuma, and stocks with the mutation vermilion have been used. The average life span of imago has been determined, survival curves have been analyzed. Results. It has been shown that the average life span of Drosophila females with mutant alleles of the white gene does not differ from the wild-type stock; in males of the w(C-S) and wa(C-S) stocks the index is increased. The presence of the mutantion vermilion in the genotype also increases the average life span of imago of both sexes, but in males the extension is more pronounced. Conclusions. The results suggest that aging is associated with the regulation of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism.

Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster, life span, kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism.
Changes in the intralinear level of hybrid dys-genesis manifestation in Drosophila melanogaster in crosses with individuals with tetracycline suppressed internal microflora
Authors: Gorodnyanski I. D.
Published: November 2019

Aim. To assess the frequency of hybrid dysgenesis in the offspring of reciprocal crosses of individuals of the Oregon-R line, with individuals of the same line, from the organism of which Wolbachia pipientis was eliminated. Methods. The line of Drosophila melanogaster Oregon R (Cambridge), in the genome of which there are MGE hobo, was investiga-ted. This line is infected with wolbachia of the wMel strain. Removal of Wolbachia from the body was implemented using antibiotic tetracycline. The study used the fifth of the generations obtained on a normal handling medium after the removal of Wolbachia. The level of hybrid dysgenesis was studied by the method of extracting gonad flies and assessing their condition. Results. In the progeny from experimental crossing of females from which Wolbachia was eli-minated, with males of the control line, the proportion of females with fully reduced gonads is significantly higher than in the offspring of reciprocal crossing. Conclusions. The results obtained may be a sign of the action of the system of specific interactions of Wolbachia pipientis and Drosophila’s MGE. Keywords: mobile genetic elements, hybrid dysgenesis, Drosophila melanogaster, Wolbachia pipientis.
Studying common wheat material from crosses with Aegilops biuncialis vis. using markers for chromosome 1U
Authors: Kozub N. A. , Sozinov I. A. , Bidnyk H. Ya. , Demianova N. A. , Sozinova O. I. , Karelov A. V. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The aim of the research was to study common wheat material developed from crosses with Aegilops biuncialis Vis. using storage protein loci as markers for chromosome 1U. Methods. SDS and APAG electrophoreses of seed storage proteins were employed to identify alleles at the Glu-1 and Gli-1 loci. The following markers of chromosome 1U of Ae. biuncialis were used: the Glu-U1 locus encoding high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits located on the long arm (1UL) and the gliadin locus Gli-U1 on the short arm (1US). Results. In F6–F7, elimination of chromosome 1U material with a frequency of about 0.222 proceeded. This indicates selection against unbalanced genotypes, which could be tracked using markers for chromosome 1U. In wheat F4–F6 hybrids from crosses with Ae. biuncialis, we revealed a high frequency of formation of genotypes possessing the 1UL arm and lacking 1US. Conclusions. Since the Glu-U1 locus on the arm 1UL encodes high-molecular-weight subunits which directly determine bread-making quality, the developed wheat material is a source of a new allele of this locus introgressed from Ae. biuncialis for enriching the common wheat gene pool. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, Aegilops biuncialis, storage proteins, introgression.
Distribution range of parasitic plants from Cuscuta L. and Orobanche L. genera in Ukraine
Authors: Krasylenko Yu. A. , Horiunova І. І. , Plokhovska S. H. , Borova М. М. , Pushkarova N. O.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The current paper addresses the distribution of parasitic plants from Cuscuta L. (Convolvulacae) and Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae) genera in Ukraine based on the analysis of the herbarium specimens from the National Herbarium of M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine (KW) and literature. Methods. In order to study the places of growth of the dodder and broomrape the traditional method based on the development of literary sources and herbarium funds. Results. About 1600 samples from KW were analyzed and data is summarized in tables. Conclusions. It was found that the distribution range of these parasitic plants is attributed mostly to the Steppe natural zone of Ukraine including the Crimean Peninsula. The results will be used in further research to develop an efficient strategy of parasitic phytoquarantine species control.Keywords: biotic stress factors, parasitic plants, dodder, broomrape.
Polymorphism of microsatellite loci in feral populations and commercial varieties of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Lemesh V. A. , Bahdanava M , Mozgova G. , Burakova A.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The aim of the work was to compare the polymorphism of commercial varieties and populations of B. napus growing outside cultivation to assess the genetic diversity of feral rapeseed populations in Belarus. Methods. The study assessed genetic diversity according to the data of 7 microsatellite loci genotyping. Results. The results indicate a greater genetic diversity in feral oilseed rape populations. An analysis of the structure of the genotypes distribution in the STRUCTURE software showed the division into three clusters – commertial varieties, feral populations and samples of B. rapa. Conclusions. The established genetic divergence between feral populations and commercial varieties indicates that feral oilseed rape is able to maintain persistent populations in Belarus. In practice, this should be taken into account when assessing the environmental risk when transgenic rape is released into the environment. And in the cultivation of transgenic rapeseed, special attention should be paid to measures to prevent the occurrence of its free-growing populations. Keywords: oilseed rape, feral populations, microsatellite loci, genetic diversity.
Subrepeats in 5s rDNAs as a molecular marker in Acer platanoides L. populations
Authors: Panchuk I. I. , Kasianchuk R. M. , Volkov R. A.
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the genetic diversity of tree species it is necessary to use only those regions of genome, which evolve at the highest rate, such as 5S rDNA. To estimate the potential of 5S rDNA to be used as a molecular marker for genogeographic studies, the molecular organization of this genomic region was compared between samples from two geogra-phically remote Bulgarian and Ukrainian populations of Norway maple, Acer platanoides. Methods. PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing. Results. It was shown that in the genome of A. platanoides the 5S rDNA sequences are highly similar. However, in the 5S rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) of A. platanoides from the Bulgarian population three copies of GTCCGTT subrepeats are present, whereas only one copy of this sequence occurs in plants from the Ukrainian population. Except for different number of subrepeats, the 5S rDNA sequences of the Bulgarian and Ukrainian samples of A. platanoides are identical. In two taxonomically distant species, A. platanoides and A. pseudoplatanus, the region of 5S rDNA IGS, which contains the potential external elements of the promoter of RNA polymerase III, shows no difference, and therefore evolves at a lower rate than other parts of the IGS. Conclusions. The identity of the potential external promoter elements within the genus Acer supports the idea that this part of the IGS could be involved in the initiation of 5S rDNA transcription. The presence of different numbers of sub-repeats in the 5S rDNA IGS in various populations of A. platanoides makes them suitable for identification of intraspecific forms and for evaluation of the intraspecific genetic diversity of A. platanoides.

Keywords: 5S rDNA, molecular evolution, sub-repetitions, intraspecific variability, Acer.
Morphogenetic polymorphism of Trifolium repens L. in the pattern of white marking on a leaf on the territory of the city of Sumy with a different anthropogenic load
Authors: Toryanik V. M. , Mironets L. P.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The peculiarities of morphogenetic polymorphism of Trifolium repens L. in the pattern of white marking on a leaf on the territory of the city Sumy with a different anthropogenic load. Methods. Collection of leafs was carried out in 2018 during the period of mass flowering of plants from the test sites covered with T. repens L. up to 60%, located in geographically distant territories of various neighborhoods of the city. Identification of drawings of white marking on a leaf  was carried out according to the method of I.T. Paponova and P.Ya. Schwartzman, using the tables of J.L. Briubecker. Results. In the total sample of T. repens L. collected from territories of the city with a different anthropogenic load, 16 phenotypes and 14 genotypes, formed by a series of 7 alleles of gen V, were revealed. In specimens most often there are wild phenotypes. Among the mutant phenotypes dominate heterozygotes and are detected in the phenotype as double stains. The greatest variety of phenotypes is established on the territories of urban parks, the smallest – on the roadside and lawns of the highway. Conclusions. The phenotypic variability of T. repens L. on the territory of the city with a different anthropogenic stress indicates polymorphism of life strategies that allows maintaining a high adaptive potential in the local populations of the species.

Keywords: phenotypic and genotypic polymorphism, Тrifolium  repens L., white marking on a leaf, anthropogenic load.
Similarity in temperament types of relatives
Authors: Etkalo E. N. , Atramentova L. A.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The purpose of research is to evaluate the level of similarity of children and parents on the type of temperament. Methods. With the aid of personal questionnaire of Н. Aizenka’s (EPI) psychometric testing of teenagers and their parents is performed. The ratings of the association in concord vapours parents / descendants are designed. Results. At the men of first generation the most frequent they are sanguine (31 %) and choleric type of temperament (30 %), at women – melancholic (40 %). At youngster (the men of second generation) all types of temperament meet approximately with identical frequency, girl mostly choleric persons (39 %). Melancholiacs among them phlegmatic persons – 20 %, sanguine persons - 13% account for 28 %. Similarity on temperament - a share of concord pairs - most strong is expressed in vapours mother / son (45 %). Specific gravity of other concord pairs is accounted for: by the mother / daughter and father / 32 % daughter, father / son are 20%. The most strong association is noted in vapours mother / son on phlegmatic temperament (r=0.54), as well as choleric (r=0.26). Conclusions. In the association of temperament at parents and descendants parent effect is revealed. Similarity of temperament at descendants with mother to 1.5 times is stronger, than similarity of temperament at descendants with father.

Keywords: temperament, Н. Aizenka’s questionnaire (EPI), concord relatives, factor of the association.
Integral regulation of CHI3L1 gene and ERVW-1 locus expression by heparin in the gioblastoma cell lines U-87 MG and U-251 MG
Authors: Anopriyenko O. V. , Areshkov P. O. , Zhuk O. V. , Shablii V. A. , Skrypkina I. Ya.
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the effect of heparin, as a factor of tumor microenvironment, on the expression of ERVW-1 locus and CHI3L1 gene, involved in increasing of cancer cells metastatic potential, in U-87 MG (U87) and U-251 MG (U251) gliotblastoma cells. Methods. U87 and U251 cells were cultured with or without the addition of heparin to the cultural medium. Total cellular RNA was isolated and used for cDNA synthesis and subsequent PCR with primers to different regions of ERVW-1 and CHI3L1. Results. Both U87 and U251 cells showed high level of expression of full-length ERVW-1 RNA. But only in U251 cells inhibition of the full-length transcript by heparin was revealed. Spliced isoform hasn’t been detected in any of variants. Though the solely env gene transcript expressed at low level in both lines and was inhibited similarly by heparin. Expression of CHI3L1 has been detected in both lines with primers towards exons 4-5 with some lowering in level under the heparin influence. Only in U87 cells the PCR-fragment with primers to exons 8-9 has been detected. In control U87 cells hypothetic spliced isoform of CHI3L1 transcript has been revealed with primers to exons 1-9. Conclusions. Heparin has complex and cell line-dependent regulation of expression of ERVW-1 locus and CHI3L1 gene in the glioblastoma cell lines U87 and U251.

Keywords: glioblastoma, heparin, ERVW-1, CHI3L1.
Distribution of mistletoe (Viscum album L.), which parasitizes different woody plants species, in Kyiv and its genetic characteristics
Authors: Bilonozhko Yu. O. , Ponomarenko L. O. , Rabokon A. M. , Postovoitovа A. S. , Kalafat L. O. , Privаlikhin S. M. , Blume Ya. B. , Pirko Ya. V.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The aim of the work was to study the species diversity of mistletoe host trees with the establishment of damage degrees and the study of the mistletoe genetic characteristics in Kiev. Methods. The β-tubulin first intron length polymorphism evaluating method (TBP) was used. Amplified fragments DNA were fractionated by electrophoresis in non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel. DNA bands were detected using silver nitrate staining. Results. The species diversity of Viscum album L. host-trees was studied in Kiev. Among them, plants of the genus Pinus and angiosperms that belong to 8 genera (Acer, Fraxinus, Acacia, Populus, Tilia, Salix, Malus, Sorbus), wherein 47% belong to the genus Acer. It was revealed that among infected trees, 30% had severe damage to mistletoe, 28% moderate and 42% weak. Based on the analysis of DNA marker polymorphisms, the molecular-genetic profiles of V. album, which grows on various species of host trees, were obtained and analyzed. Conclusions. The species diversity of V. album host-trees was studied and the degree of their infection was assessed in Kiev. Mistletoe, which grows on angiosperms, is characterized by a greater degree of genetic polymorphism than that which grows on gymnosperms.

Keywords: Viscum album L., host-plant, introns of genes, length polymorphism, β-tubulin.
Variable loci of HA, NA and NP genes as effective RNA targets for genotyping subtypes H1N1 and H7N9
Authors: Buriachenko S. V. , Stegniy B. T.
Published: November 2019

Aim. Influenza viruses are a serious pathogen of humans, animals and birds that regularly cause epidemics. Antigenic variability and reassortment of influenza A virus genes represent a high level of neonatal data, which does not allow to assess the evolutionary stability of proteins. Determination of variable HA, NA and NP gene loci of two different antigenic subtypes of the H1 and H7 influenza virus will allow the establishment of RNA targets for genotyping. Methods. An analysis of substitution of nucleotides in the encoding regions of influenza A subtype genes of various antigenic subtypes obtained from the GenBank database using the MEGA 6.0 program determined the fate of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions in each position of multiple alignments of the coding regions of the nucleotide sequences using the BLAST algorithm. The analysis of variable locus of proteins was determined by the DISORDER algorithm. Results. Different types of mutations are found in variable locus of the studied genes. The most variable genes are HA and NA, the least NP. In sequences of the NP gene synonymous nucleotide substitutions prevail. The genome of NA is mainly deletions and insertions. Conclusions. The variability of the nucleotide sequences of the HA, NA and NP genes in the subtypes A H1 and H7 was detected. It has been established that the use of variable locus of these genes allows for the identification of influenza A strains and identifies a separate serotype.Keywords: neurominidase, variability, genetic markers, target RNA, genotyping.