bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Productivity and profitability of different cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum) as affected by organic and inorganic sources of nutrients
Authors: A. SARKAR  , S. SARKAR  , A. ZAMAN  , W.P. DEVI
Published: December 2023

Field experiments were conducted during winter of 2005-06 and 2006-07 at Hooghly, West Bengal to investi- gate the effect of different organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on productivity and profitability of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars. The treatments consisted 3 varieties, viz. Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chipsona-2 and Kufri Jyoti in main-plots and 4 nutrient sources, viz. Farmyard manure (FYM) @ 35 t/ha (N ), FYM @ 30 t/ha 1 + biofertilizers (N ), FYM @ 25 t/ha + mustard cake @ 1 t/ha (N ), recommended dose of NPK i.e. 180:66:125 kg/ 2 3 ha N, P, K (N ) in sub-plots. Varieties had significant variations in growth and yield attributes, yield and nutrient up- 4 take. Higher growth attributes were recorded under Kufri Chipsona-1 except plant height. Hence, Kufri Chipsona- 1 gave maximum number of tubers, total tuber yield (28.18 and 28.39 t/ha), NPK uptake, net profit and B:C ratio (1.28, 1.22). Among sources of nutrient recommended dose of NPK showed better performance in all respects and registered 4.7 to 9.7% more tuber yield when compared with other nutrient sources. The highest B:C ratio (1.34, 1.29) was also recorded in recommended dose of NPK treatment. Higher dry weight of tubers (718.15, 722.40 g/m2), number of tubers (680.21, 690.74 thousand/ha) and tuber yield (29.44, 29.89 t/ha) were obtained from Kufri Chipsona-1 potato treated with recommended dose of NPK.
Effect of zinc and FYM on productivity and nutrient availability in maize (Zea mays)linseed (Linum usitatissimum) cropping sequence
Authors: DINESH BADIYALA  , PANKAJ CHOPRA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment consisting of eight treatments was conducted for 3 consecutive years from 2003-04 to 2005-06 in randomized block design with three replications at Palampur to study the effect of zinc with and with- out farmyard manure (FYM) on production, economics and nutrient status of soil in maize ( Zea mays L.) - linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) crop sequence. The soil of the experimental field was medium in zinc content. The re- sults revealed that application of Zn through ZnSO @ 25 kg/ha to both the crops + FYM 5 t/ha to maize recorded 4 significantly higher growth parameters and yield attributes of linseed crop, resulting in significantly more linseed and linseed equivalent yield (61.3 and 52.9%, respectively). Application of ZnSO @ 25 kg/ha + FYM 5 t/ha to 4 maize crop was also proved to be equally effective on maize and recording significantly higher tillers/plant, branches/plant and capsules/plant of linseed crop. On system basis, significantly higher net returns obtained with the application of ZnSO @ 25 kg/ha to both the crops + FYM 5 t/ha to maize. Application of ZnSO @ 25 kg/ 4 4 ha to both the crops + FYM 5 t/ha to maize and application of ZnSO @ 25 kg/ha + FYM 5 t/ha to maize behaved
Evaluation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) based strip intercropping systems for yield, competition indices and nutrient uptake
Authors: M. NEDUNCHEZHIYAN
Published: December 2023

Field experiments were conducted at Dumduma, Bhubaneswar, for three consecutive years (2006-2008) to as- sess the sweet potato based strip intercropping systems with respect to productivity, nutrient uptake, competition and economic parameters. Sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.) + pigeonpea [ Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] strip inter- cropping system recorded significantly higher root equivalent yield (13.53 t/ha) compared to other cropping sys- tems except sole sweet potato. The total yield gain in sweet potato + pigeonpea system was 28.8% and 24.7% over sweet potato + rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and sweet potato + ragi ( Eleusine coracans L.) strip intercropping sys- tem. Root equivalent yield of sole sweet potato was significantly higher than the sole stand of other crops and strip intercropping systems except sweet potato + pigeonpea. Competition indices like land equivalent ratio (LER), area time equivalent ratio (ATER), aggressivity (A) and monetary advantage index (MAI) values were higher for sweet potato + pigeonpea strip intercropping system. Sweet potato appears more competitive than companion crops like rice or ragi. Partial competition ratio value of companion crops like maize ( Zea mays L.) and pigeonpea had an edge over sweet potato in sweet potato + maize and sweet potato + pigeonpea strip intercropping systems. The uptake of N, P and K were observed to be more when sweet potato, maize and pigeonpea were included in the strip intercropping systems. The root equivalent yield and competition indices and economic parameters indicated that the strip intercropping of sweet potato with pigeonpea is biologically sustainable and economically viable.
Diversification of cropping systems under assured irrigated conditions in central plateau zone of Maharashtra
Authors: W.N. NARKHEDE  , M.S. DESHMUKH  , V.M. BHALE  , M.S. GILL  , G.D. GADADE  , S.S. MORE
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive years (2005-2007) at Parbhani to find out most produc- tive and profitable cropping system. Among the different cropping systems, highest wheat [( Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol] equivalent yield (19.9 t/ha) and net monetary returns (`107.8x103/ha) were obtained from soybean [ Glycine max (L. Merr.)]onion ( Allium capa L.) cropping system, followed by turmeric ( Curcuma domestica L.)+ castor ( Ricinus communis L.) (WEY-14.0 t/ha, and NMR `89.8x103/ha). The soybeanonion sys- tem also recorded maximum net monetary advantage per unit time (`573/ha/day), employment (374 mandays) and water use efficiency (221 kg/ha-cm), followed by turmeric+castor intercropping system. The highest nutrient uptake was recorded in sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]wheat followed by maize ( Zea mays L.) + cow- pea ( Vigna sinensis L.)wheat and maizewheat cropping systems. The highest soil nutrient status was observed in cotton ( Gossypium sp.)summer groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) followed by soybeanonion cropping sys- tems.
Effect of tillage and nutrient management on resource conservation and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: MEENAKSHI GUPTA  , AMARJIT S. BALI  , SARABDEEP KOUR  , RAJEEV BHARAT  , B.R. BAZAYA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted from 2003 to 2005 at Jammu Chatha to study the effect of tillage and nutri- ent management on resource conservation and productivity of wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) Fiori & Paol.] in basmati rice ( Oryza sativa L.) - wheat system. Zero tillage significantly improved the physico-chemical properties of soil viz., available N, P and K with concomitant increase in field capacity storage, permanent wilting point and soil moisture content. Bulk density values in the soil layers of 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth were higher under zero tillage. Conventional tillage though recorded 5.2 and 3.6% more grain yield of wheat than zero tillage. Tillage methods did not influence dry matter accumulation, grain and biological yields of wheat during both the years. Increasing fertility level from 75 to 100% of recommended fertilizer dose (100, 50 and 25 kg/ha of N, P and K) significantly increased the growth and yield of wheat during both the years, whereas further increase in recom- mended dose to 125% did not show significant impact on growth and yield of wheat.
Carry-over effect of metribuzin applied to soybean (Glycine max) on weeds and wheat (Triticum aestivum) under zero and conventional tillage
Authors: M.D. TUTI  , T.K. DAS
Published: December 2023

Effective weed control in no-till systems is mainly dependent on herbicides. Appropriate weed management strategies, however, can reduce the amount of herbicides. In this study possible weed management was at- tempted in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under zero-tillage (without residue) and conven- tional tillage between 2006-07 and 2007-08 following residual effects of 13 weed control treatments with metribuzin applied during previous rainy ( kharif) seasons, 2006 and 2007 in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Mirrill]. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Total density of weeds did not differ sig- nificantly between weed control measures adopted during previous rainy season. But, conventional tillage (CT) caused a significant reduction in the populations of grass, broad-leaved (e.g., Chenopodium album L. and Melilotus indica L.) and total weeds when compared with zero-tillage (ZT) without crop residues. Similarly, higher nutrient removal by weeds was under zero-tillage than under conventional tillage. In general, residual ef- fect of all the previous season metribuzin treatments was more pronounced on the grasses ( Phalaris minor Retz. and Avena sterilis ssp ludoviciana Dur.) when compared with Chenopodium album and Melilotus indica. Wheat yield was similar in all previous season metribuzin treatments except in weed-free check in both years. However, metribuzin at 0.5 kg/ha pre-emergence, on yield, was more effective, indicating its considerable residual effect on weeds in wheat. This treatment also gave the highest net benefit:cost ratio.
Weed management in late-sown zero-till wheat (Triticum aestivum) with varying seed rate
Authors: RAGHUVIR SINGH MEENA  , M.K. SINGH
Published: December 2023

Excessive tillage and soil degradation are important factors limiting wheat [ Triticuam aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.) productivity, particularly in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) wheat cropping system. Therefore present field experiment was conducted during winter of 2007-08 and 2008-09 at Varanasi to study the effect of seed rate and weed management on weed growth and yield in late sown zero till wheat. Treatments comprised of three seed rates viz.,100,120 and 140 kg/ha in the main plots and five weed management treatments viz., weedy, 2,4-D Na salt 625 g/ha (POE), metsulfuron methyl 4 g/ha (POE) , sulfosulfuron 30 g/ha + metsulfuron methyl 2 g/ha (POE) and 2-hand weedings in sub-plots with three replications. Broad leaved weed population was found more in the experimental crop as compared to narrow leaved weeds. All the herbicidal treatments were effective in reducing weed density and dry weight in comparison to weedy check. Seed rate of 120 kg /ha recorded significantly higher grain yield in comparison to seed rate of 100 and 140 kg/ha. Amongst weed management treatments all the herbicidal weed control had significantly higher grain yield in comparison to weedy check. Sulfosulfuron 30 g/ha + metsulfuron methyl 2 g/ha had higher grain yield than alone application of 2, 4-D @ 625 g/ha and metsulfuron methyl 4 g/ha.
Yield, nutrient uptake and quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) kernels as affected by organic sources of nutrient
Authors: PARTHA SARATHI PATRA  , A.C. SINHA  , S.S. MAHESH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during pre- kharif seasons of 2008-09 to study the effect of organics on yield and quality of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) under terai region of West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 12 treatments and replicated thrice. Results revealed that poultry manure 2.5 t/ha + neem cake 2.5 t/ha + vermicompost 2.5 t/ha + phosphocompost 2.5 t/ha gave 2.08 tonne pod yield/ha, which was 9.47% higher over recommended dose of chemical fertilizer. Combined application of vermicompost 2.5 t/ha + phosphocompost 2.5 t/ha + poultry manure 2.5 t/ha + neem cake 2.5 t/ha brought about significant improvement in N, P and K uptake by groundnut. Application of organic manures resulted in the improvement of soil organic car- bon, available soil N, P and K compared to either recommended dose of fertilizers or control. Among the organic treatments, phosphocompost 5 t/ha recorded highest values of oil (46.7%), crude protein (22.4%), soluble protein (10.5%), total sugar (13.1%), starch (14.8 %), calcium (143.92 mg/100g) and phosphorus (836.6 mg/100g) dur- ing both the years.
Effect of weed and fertilizer management on weed control and productivity of onion (Allium cepa)
Authors: T.U. PATEL  , C.L. PATEL  , D.D. PATEL  , J.D. THANKI  , P.S. PATEL  , RAM A. JAT
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of weed management and plant nutrition practices on weed biomass, growth parameters and bulb yield of onion ( Allium cepa L.). Weed management practices included alone application of herbicides, viz. pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen and fluazipop-p-butyl, their combination with hand weeding, weed free and weedy check. The crop was fertilized with three levels viz., 75% RDF, RDF (100:50:50 NPK kg/ha) and 125% RDF. The results indicated that weed management and fertilizer levels had a significant ef- fect on weed population dynamics and onion bulb crop. The total weed density decreased significantly with appli- cation of pendimethalin 1 kg/ha or oxyfluorfen 0.24 kg/ha + one hand weeding at 40 days after transplanting (DAT) during both the seasons of investigation. Echinochloa ssp., Trianthema portulacastrum, Digera arvensis Forsk. Physalis minima L. and Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. were found as major weeds in the crop. Higher onion bulb yield (38.0 t/ha) was recorded with pendimethalin 1 kg/ha + one hand weeding at 40 DAT. The increase in yield was 83.7% compared to the yield obtain in weedy check. Increasing level of fertilizer applications increased the to- tal biomass of grassy and broad leaves weeds. Application of 125% RDF significantly improved bulb yield and in- crease in yield was 19.4 and 10.5 % over 75% RDF and RDF respectively. On the basis of interaction, combina- tion of pendimethalin 1 kg/ha fb 1 hand weeding at 40 DAT and 100 % RDF was most productive (39.8 t/ha) and profitable (Net return `2,69,422/ha and benefit: cost ratio 7.85).
Response of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) genotypes to planting geometry, agro-chemicals and sulphur levels
Authors: G.S. BOCHALIA  , R.C. TIWARI  , B. RAM  , S.R. KANTWA  , A.C. CHOUDHARI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Udaipur during winter seasons of 2005-07 to evaluate the effect of two genotypes of fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) (indeterminate type 'Rmt 1' and determinate type 'Rmt 305'), two crop geometry (30 cm 10 cm and 20 cm 15 cm), three agro-chemicals levels [Control, thiourea 1,000 ppm and thioglycolic acid (TGA) 100 ppm] and two levels of sulphur (0 and 40 kg S/ha) on the productivity and nutrient uptake. Results indicated that the determinate type 'Rmt 305' recorded higher seed yield and N, P and S uptake, while the indeterminate type 'Rmt 1' was found superior in respect to haulms and biological yields. The crop geometry of 20 cm 15 cm exhibited higher seed yield (1.32 t/ha) and haulms yield (5.29 t/ha), which were 7.20 and 4.75% higher, over the crop geometry 30 cm 10 cm respectively. Crop geometry of 20 cm x 15 cm also enhanced uptake of N, P and S. Foliar application of thiourea 1,000 ppm and TGA 100 ppm at flower ini- tiation and 15 days thereafter and application of sulphur at the recommended dose resulted significant improve- ment in yield and N, P and S uptake of seed, haulms and total uptake over control.
Nutrient management and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum)based cropping systems in temperate zone
Authors: T. MUBARAK  , K.N. SINGH
Published: December 2023

An experiment was carried out from winter season of 2004-05 to rainy season of 2006 at Srinagar to determine the impact of different nutrient management practices and cropping systems on growth, yield, nitrogen uptake and system productivity of wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) emend Fiori & Paol] based cropping systems. Treatments consisted of four fertility levels viz. recommended fertilizer dose (100 kg N + 60 kg P O + 30 kg K O/ha), recom- 2 5 2 mended fertilizer dose + farmyard manure 15 tonnes/ha; recommended fertilizer dose + biofertilizer and recom- mended fertilizer dose + farmyard manure 15 tonnes/ha + biofertilizer applied to wheat crop and six crop se- quences, viz. wheat rice ( Oryza sativa L.), wheat maize ( Zea mays L.); wheat sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.); wheat greengram [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek], wheat soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill] and wheat Frenchbean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Combined application of recommended fertilizer dose, farmyard manure 15 tonnes/ha and biofertilizer significantly improved wheat yield and soil nutrient status. Increase in wheat yield was to the tune of 17.5 and 23.0% over the alone application of chemical fertilizer during 2004-05 and 2005-06 respec- tively. Wheat yield and nitrogen uptake showed significant increase when grown after pulses. Yield improvement in wheat was 11 and 10% due to legume effect of greengram and Frenchbean respectively. Wheat-rice sequence proved more productive and remunerative cropping system.
Productivity and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system under different bio-sources and nitrogen levels
Authors: K.N. MEENA  , ASHOK KUMAR  , D.S. RANA  , M.C. MEENA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2006-07 and 2007-08 at New Delhi to assess the growth, yield and nutrient uptake behavior of maize ( Zea mays L.)wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] cropping sys- tem under different bio-sources and nitrogen levels. Application of vermicompost (VC) equivalent of 60 kg N/ha, being at par with farmyard manure (FYM) equivalent of 60 kg N/ha recorded taller plants with more leaf area index (LAI) and grains/cob, resulting in 22.7 and 23.8% enhancement in grain yield of maize over control in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The residual fertility of FYM resulted in higher plant height, LAI effective tillers/meter row length and grains/spikelet of wheat over the VC and control. Grain yield of wheat with residual of FYM increased to the tune of 21.2 and 24.1% over the control; and corresponding increase over the VC application was 9.1 and 10.3% in first and second year, respectively. Similar response in respect of biological yield and N, P, K and Zn up- take to organic sources was also found. Increasing N doses had beneficial effect on growth and yield attributes of both the crops resulting in 21.5, 38.9 and 48.9% increase in grain yield of maize; and 30.0, 47.7 and 61.2% in- crease in grain yield of wheat due to application of 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha over the control, respectively. The bio- logical yields of maize and wheat and nutrients uptake by cropping systems also improved with increasing nitro- gen levels. The net returns/ha from maizewheat cropping sequence was maximum with the application of FYM. Increasing N doses showed the increasing pattern of net returns up to 120 kg N/ha. Expected N balance remained positive with organic sources and N levels. The data on gain or loss of N in soil indicated that N content in soil showed the positive trend with Azotobacter, FYM and 80 and 120 kg N/ha.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum) and its residual effect on fodder pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum)
Authors: B.R. CHOUDHARY  , A.K. GUPTA  , C.M. PARIHAR  , S.L. JAT  , D.K. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter 2004-05 and 2005-06 at Jobner, Jaipur on loamy sand soil to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity and nutrient uptake of fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and its residual effect on fodder pearlmillet { Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Emend. Stutz.}. The experiment consisted of eighteen combinations of integrated nutrient management practices for application of recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) to fenugreek, i.e. 40 kg/ha, through different sources, viz. control, organic [farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC) and poultry manure (PM), inorganic] alone or in combinations with or without microbial ( Rhizobium) inoculation. Results revealed that integration of 50% RDN through poultry manure (PM)+50% RDN through inorganic sources to fenugreek recorded higher growth attributes, viz. plant stand/m row length, plant height, branches/plant, dry matter accumulation/m row length, nodules/plant and weight of nodules/ plant, yield attributes, viz. pods/plant, seeds/pod and test weight, seed yield (1.76 t/ha), biological yield (5.97 t/ha), system productivity (2.95 t/ha) and fodder yield of pearlmillet at all the cuttings. This treatment was also superior in terms of N, P, protein and phenol content (%) in seed as well as in haulm, total N and P uptake and available N and P after the harvest of the crop in both the years over all other combination of integrated nutrient management. However, maximum net returns (`60,443) and net returns/rupee invested for the system were fetched with inte- grated application of 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through inorganic sources.
Intercropping rice (Oryza sativa) with jute (Corchorus capsularis) and its impact on total productivity and profitability under rainfed lowland ecology
Authors: A. GHOSH
Published: December 2023

A field study was conducted to work out the advantages of growing rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and jute ( Corchorus capsularis L.) at different intercrop configurations under rainfed lowland situation during wet season in 2007 and 2008 at Cuttack. Three different intercropped stands, viz., one row of jute alternated with one (1:1), two (2:1) and four (4:1) rows of rice were compared with their respective pure stands under three levels of nitrogen, [0, 40 and recommended (for rice) N of 60 kg/ha]. Results showed comparable grain yield of rice under sole (3.80 and 3.30 t/ ha in 2007 and 2008) and 4:1 intercropped stand (3.56 and 3.12 t/ha in 2007 and 2008), which were significantly higher than the other intercropped stands. Fibre yield at pure stands (2.54 and 2.15 t/ha in 2007 and 2008) was significantly higher than those at intercropped stands; while among intercropped stands, it was significantly higher (1.40 and 1.26 t/ha) at 1: 1 stand ratio. Studies on N management determined an optimum dose of 60 kg N/ha en- suring higher yield and N uptake in jute, which was however comparable with 40 kg N/ha in rice. Besides pure stands, N uptake at intercrop stands was higher at 4:1 and 1:1 stands in rice and jute respectively. Advantages of their intercropping as adjudged with land equivalent ratio and area time equivalent ratio were greater in 4:1 stands, deriving higher system productivity (5.22 and 4.55 t/ha), net return (`13,164 and 13,729) and B:C ratio (1.68 and 1.72) and also higher system uptake of N (74.3 and 78.5 kg N/ha). Therefore, the study could suggest intercropping rice with jute at 4:1 stand ratio treated with 40 kg N/ha for enhancing total productivity and profitabil- ity of the rainfed lowland rice production system.
Planting geometry and weed management for maize (Zea mays)-blackgram (Vigna mungo) intercropping system under rainfed vertisols
Authors: SANJAY K. DWIVEDI  , G.K. SHRIVASTAVA
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted during rainy season 2004 and 2005 at Raipur, Chhattisgarh on maize ( Zea mays L.) + blackgram ( Vigna mungo L. Hepper) intercropping system in Vertisols under rainfed situation. The soil
Effect of row ratio and fertility levels on chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) intercropping system
Authors: S.P.S. TANWAR  , P. ROKADIA  , A.K. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2005-07 at Kota, Rajasthan to study the effect of intercrop row ratio and fertility levels on chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) and linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) intercropping system. The experiment was laid out in 4 times replicated split plot design, where main-plots received 4 cropping systems, viz. sole chickpea, sole linseed, chickpea + linseed (4:2) and chickpea + linseed (5:1) and sub-plots got 3 fertility lev- els for chickpea and linseed, viz. 100 % recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (N P and N P ), 75% RDF 20 17.2 30 6.5 (N P and N P ) and 50% RDF (N P and N P ) applied on area basis. Seed and biological yields of both 15 12.9 22.5 4.8 10 8.6 15 3.2 chickpea and linseed were higher in sole cropping than in intercropping systems. However, the system productiv- ity (chickpea equivalent yield), total LER, net returns and B:C ratio of chickpea+linseed intercropping under both the row arrangements (5:1 and 4:2) were at par with sole chickpea and significantly higher over sole linseed. The highest N and P uptake was recorded under sole chickpea. Reduction in fertilizer dose by 25 and 50% of RDF de- creased the seed yield of chickpea by 6.6 and 16.8% during 2005-06 and by 10.1 and 23% during 2006-07, re- spectively, while reduction in linseed yield was observed only at 50% RDF. Net returns and B:C ratio decreased significantly with the decreasing fertilizer doses. Total LER and LER of component crops recorded improvement with the reduction in fertility level. Competition functions viz. relative crowding coefficient, competition ratio and aggressivity indicated that linseed was dominant over chickpea. Intercropping systems were found more advanta- geous than sole cropping under reduced fertilizer application.
Effect of fertility levels on mustard (Brassica juncea) seed yield, quality and economics under varying poplar (Populus deltoides) tree densities
Authors: T.B. GHIMIRE  , O.P.S. BANA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during rabi of 2008-09 and 2009-10 at Pantnagar, to study the effect of different doses of recommended fertilizers on yield and yield attributes, seed quality, economics and nutrient balance of In- dian mustard ( Brassica juncea L.), under varying poplar ( Populus deltoides Bartr. Ex. Marsh.) tree densities. Seed yield, oil content and oil yields were not influenced significantly by tree densities in both the years. However, glucosinolate content was improved underneath trees. Maximum benefit: cost ratio from crop was obtained in sole crop with 100% RDF and from agrisilvicultural system (7.81) under 1000 trees/ha density with 50% RDF. With an increase in recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), seed and stover yields increased significantly upto 100% (1.04 t/ha and 3.41 t/ha) and 125% of RDF (2.03 t/ha and 6.0 t/ha) in 2008-09 and 2009-10, respectively. Oil content de- creased but oil yield (340 and 627 kg/ha) and protein content (23.7 and 22.9%) improved significantly upto 100% of RDF in both the years. Similarly, protein yields (245 and 456 kg/ha) and glucosinolate content (80.3 and 87.6 mM/g of seed) increased upto 100 and 125% of RDF in 2008-09 and 2009-10, respectively. A density of 1,000 trees/ha and 100% RDF (120 kg N + 17.4 kg P O + 16.6 kg K O/ha) was found most suitable and economical for 2 5 2 mustardpoplar mixed agrisilvicultural system.
Validation of farm pond size for irrigation during drought
Authors: RAVINDER RAJU AMBATI  , GAUTAM MAJUMDAR  , A.R. REDDY
Published: December 2023

Field trials were conducted to validate farm pond sizes for supplemental irrigations during 2004-2011 at the Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur (21 09 N, 79 09' E.). Ten farm ponds 200 to 15,120 m3 size re- sulted in a runoff storage of about 60, 75 and 28, 36, 58% (2007, 2010 and 2008, 2009, 2011) in normal and drought years at the end of August month. During actual drought the water availability was 0 and 18% only of the capacity designed in 2011 and 2008 July seedling droughts. Special recharging techniques like opening borewells/percolation tanks etc in under ground storages and using it with sprinkler irrigation during seedling droughts is the only option. Two supplemental irrigations at flowering stage along with application of deficient mi- cronutrients on shallow and medium soils to Bt hybrid cotton ( G. hirsutum L.) resulted in increased seed cotton yield by 50% and 44%, which was verified during 2008 and 2009 seasons in Yeotmal district. The minimum eco- nomical catchment was found to be 21 ha or 0.7 ha m pond size, with which 25% and 50% area could be irri- gated by conventional and alternate furrow/sprinkler irrigation respectively, with a payback period (PBP) of 2 years in Bt hybrid cotton. Rotational soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) could be irrigated to the extent of 16 and 33% catchment area with improved water use efficiency (WUE) from 250 to 500 kg/ha-cm for 1.5 and 3.5 years of pay back period (PBP) under conventional and sprinkler irrigation, respectively, during drought conditions. The same sprinkler and drip irrigation systems could also be used to irrigate subsequent wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol] crop with a gravitational well, covering 14 and 57% of catchment area with WUE of 180 kg/ ha-cm with a PBP of 11 and 21 years.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and soil fertility in rainfed maize (Zea mays)
Authors: J.P. TETARWAL  , BALDEV RAM  , D.S. MEENA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Sub Station, Aklera, Jhalawar (Rajasthan) in two consecutive rainy ( kharif) seasons of 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and soil fertility in maize ( Zea mays L.). Application of 150 % RDF (N 60 P ) produced significantly higher plant height (207.3 cm), dry matter (149.1 g/plant), number of cobs/plant (1.4), 22.5 number of grains/cob (209), grain (3.22 t/ha) and biological (8.23 t/ha) yield, net return (`19,251/ha) and B: C ratio (1.90), N, P and Zn uptake compared to control. However, RDF + FYM 10 t/ha produced higher plant height, dry matter, number of cobs/plant, number of grains/cob, grain, biological yield and Zn uptake and RDF + Zn in net re- turn, B: C ratio and Zn uptake. Significant built up of organic carbon (0.74%), available N (316.0 kg/ha) and avail- able P (10.8 kg/ha) was registered with RDF + FYM 10 t/ha. Maximum P balance (3.3 kg/ha) was recorded under application of FYM 10 t/ha alone and Zn content (0.45 mg/kg) was recorded under RDF + Zn.
Soybean (Glycine max) growth, productivity and water use under different sowing methods and seeding rates in Punjab
Authors: HARI RAM  , GURIQBAL SINGH  , NAVNEET AGGARWAL  , JAGMEET KAUR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted from 2006 to 2008 to study the effect of four sowing methods namely raised bed planting (67.5 cm wide, 2 rows per bed), raised broad bed planting (135 cm wide, 4 rows per bed), ridge-fur- row sowing (60 cm spacing) and flat sowing (45 cm spacing) and three seeding rates i.e. 50, 62.5 and 75 kg/ha in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. The highest photosynthetically active radiation interception (PARI) and net re- turns were recorded in raised bed planting. The highest seed yields was recorded in raised bed sowing, which was 6.70 and 5.29% higher than ridge-furrow and flat sowing methods, respectively. The highest water productiv- ity was recorded in raised broad bed sowing which was significantly higher than flat sowing and ridge-furrow sow- ing methods but statistically on par with raised bed sowing. Seed rate of 50 kg/ha recorded highest crop growth rate (CGR) and pods per plant whereas the highest PARI was observed with 75 kg/ha seed rate, which was statis- tically on par with 62.5 kg/ha seed rate but significantly higher than 50 kg seed/ha. The soybean productivity and net returns were highest with 62.5 kg/ha seed rate.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity, quality, nutrient uptake and economics of mustard (Brassica juncea)
Authors: S.P. SINGH  , M.S. PAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried during winter season of 2005-06 and 2006-07 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity, quality, economics and nutrient uptake of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson] in Indo-Gangetic plains of India. The plant height, total dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and seed and stover yields were recorded significantly higher when recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) i.e.120:17.6:16.6:40, N:P:K:S kg/ha was applied along with FYM 10t/ha, 25kg ZnS0 /ha and seed treatment with 4 Azotobacter. On an average, seed yield of mustard increased by 41.2 % over alone application of RDF. Applica- tion of either FYM or Zn or seed treatment along with RDF enhanced the mustard seed yield by 12.0, 11.5 and 13.0%, respectively over RDF alone. The inorganic fertilization had adverse effect on oil as well as glucosinolate contents and highest values were recorded at 50% RDF. Additional application of either of FYM or Zn further in- creased the oil and glucosinolate contents. Azotobacter seed treatment reduced the glucosinolate but improved the oil content. The highest values of N, P, K, S and Zn content and its uptake were recorded with combined appli- cation of RDF with FYM, Zn and Azotobacter.
Effect of planting material, mulch and farmyard manure on weed density, rhizome yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Authors: S.S. MANHAS  , B.S. GILL  , V. KHAJURIA  , S. KUMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2007-08 and 2008-09 at Ludhiana to study the effect of different cul- tural practices on weeds, yield and economy of turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.). Mother rhizome planting material re- sulted in significantly less weed population than primary and secondary finger planting material. The plant height, tillers/plant, leaves/plant, number of rhizomes/plant and mother, primary and secondary rhizome yields were also significantly more with mother rhizome planting material as compared to primary and secondary finger planting material. Increase in the paddy straw mulch levels from no mulch to 6.25 t/ha and then from 6.25 to 9.38 t/ha sig- nificantly decreased weed population and resulted in better growth parameters, yield attributes and mother, pri- mary and secondary rhizome yield. On the other hand increase in farmyard manure levels from 30 to 45 t/ha sig- nificantly increased weed population, but growth parameters, yield attributes and mother, primary and secondary rhizome yield increased due to increased availability of nutrients and water. Oil and curcumin content in turmeric was not significantly affected by the planting materials, mulch or FYM application. However, oil and curcumin yield was higher when mother rhizomes were used and also increased with mulching and FYM application during both the years. Mother rhizome planting material, 9.38 t/ha mulch and 45 t/ha FYM resulted in the highest net return and benefit: cost (B: C) ratio.
Relative efficiency of different cropping sequences in a farmers participatory research programme in semi-arid agro-ecosystem of Rajasthan
Authors: H.S. JAT  , L.R. MEENA  , J.S. MANN  , ROOP CHAND  , SUBHASH CHANDER  , S.C. SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A farmers participatory field experiment with seven crop sequences was conducted during 2002-07 in Tonk district of Rajasthan. The groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] and greengram [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] - wheat crop sequences were found more productive and energy effi- cient than sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) and pearlmillet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Emend Stuntz] -chickpea cropping sequences. Groundnut-wheat (10.41 t/ha) crop sequence registered the 8.89, 16.90, 27.5 and 35.37 per cent higher Pearlmillet equivalent (PEs) than the greengram-wheat, greengram-barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), groundnut-mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson] and pearlmillet-wheat crop sequences, respectively. However, the maximum sustainable yield index (SYI) was re- corded with pearlmillet-wheat (0.91), followed by groundnut-wheat (0.88) and green gram-barley (0.79) crop se- quence. Highest land-use efficiency (LUE) was obtained in groundnut-wheat system (72.05%) followed by pearlmillet-wheat system (69.42%) and both were statistically at par, whereas the lowest LUE was recorded in greengram-barley (55.89%) cropping system. As regards production efficiency (PE) greengram-wheat greengram- barley and groundnut-wheat crop sequences were at par. Groundnut-wheat crop sequences registered signifi- cantly higher energy output over all other cropping sequences. The energy produced by groundnut-wheat was 13.06, 15.31 and 19.19 per cent higher than pearlmillet-wheat, greengram-barley and greengram-wheat cropping sequences respectively. Sorghum-chickpea crop sequence was significantly more energy intensive than other cropping sequences. Groundnut-wheat and greengram-wheat were at par and recorded net returns of `37,806 and `33,104/ha, B:C ratio of 2.22 and 2.07 and economic efficiency of ` 143.5 and `153.4/ha/day, respectively. Sorghum-chickpea cropping system registered the lowest net returns (`2143/ha), B:C ratio (1.12) and economic efficiency (`9.6/ha/day). The soil health was not affected much by different cropping sequences but mean soil nu- trient balance (NPK) was found positive with all the cropping sequences.
Performance of soybean (Glycine max)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system under land configuration, mulching and nutrient management
Authors: D.K. PALIWAL  , H.S. KUSHWAHA  , H.S. THAKUR
Published: December 2023

A 2-year field experiment was carried out during 2007-08 to 2008-09 at Indore to study the effects of ridge and furrow, broad bed and furrow and Gliricidia sepium mulch along with integrated nutrient management on soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill] wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol] cropping system. Ridge and furrow planting of soybean significantly increased yield attributes, yields and net return over normal sowing, while the yield and yield attributes and net return were recorded higher with broad bed furrow planting in wheat. The incor- poration of vermicompost @ 5 t/ha with 25% reduction in recommended dose of fertilizers in both the crops re- sulted in significantly higher yield attributes and yield of both crops. Ridge and furrow planting of soybean followed by Gliricidia leaves mulch in wheat increased the system yield by 11.96%. Total cropping system yield (6.98 t/ha), net return (`60,985/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.31) in system were recorded under the combination of broad bed furrow in both crops and use of vermicompost @ 5 t/ha in soybean along with 75% RDF in both crops
Effect of integrated nutrient management on soybean (Glycine max)safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) cropping system
Authors: B.K. ARBAD  , SYED ISMAIL
Published: December 2023

To study the effect of various fertilizer doses and manurial treatment in soybean-safflower cropping system on soil properties , yield and nutrient uptake. The soil samples were drawn from the Research farm, Marathwada Ag- ricultural University, Parbhani with an objective to study changes in soil quality and crop productivity under soy- bean safflower cropping system included with various combinations of N, P, K, Zn, S fertilizers and mannurial FYM treatments. Results from the study showed that the maximum nutrient total uptake of N, P and K in soybean and safflower was recorded due to application of 100 % NPK + FYM @ 10 Mg/ha where as maximum total sulphur up- take in soybean (19.58 kg/ha) and in safflower (18.19 kg/ha) was recorded in treatments applied with 150% NPK and 100% NP + on residual effect of FYM respectively. Zinc uptake was maximum with 100% NPK + FYM @ 10 Mg/ha and in safflower it was recorded highest in 100% NP + residual effect of FYM. And also noticed that after continuous intensive cropping under various fertilizers with FYM treatment improvement occurred in the grain and straw yield and status of soil pH, EC, organic carbon, available N, P O , K O, S and DTPA extractable Zn. Use of 2 5 2 FYM and micronutrients helped in maintaining soil fertility. Highest net returns were recorded with 100% NPK + FYM.
Productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of mustard hybrid (Brassica juncea) under different planting time and row spacing
Authors: ARCHANA KUMARI  , R.P. SINGH  , YESHPAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Pantnagar during 2007-08 and 2008-09 to evaluate the effect of 3 dates of sowing (October 10, 20 and 30), 3 spacings (30 10 cm, 45 10 cm and 60 10 cm, and 3 mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson] hybrids/varieties (Kranti, NRCHB-506 and DMH-1). Yield attributes and seed yield were significantly higher in October 10 sowing compared to delayed sowings. The decrease in seed yield due to sowing on October 20 and October 30 over October 10 was to the tune of 8.7 and 29.2 % during first year and 10.1 and 29.3 % during second year, respectively. The hybrids DMH-1 and NRCHB-506 recorded 36, 35% and 24, 28% higher seed yield respectively, over Kranti. Spacing 45 10 cm had significant effect over 60 10 cm on seed yield during both the years. Hybrid DMH-1 recorded the highest economic returns when sown on Oc- tober 10 at spacing of 45 10 cm. Nutrient uptake followed same trend as seed yield.
Effect of agro-techniques on the performance of natural sweetener plantstevia (Stevia rebaudiana) under western Himalayan conditions
Authors: RAKESH KUMAR  , SAURABH SHARMA  , KULASEKARAN RAMESH  , RAMDEEN PRASAD  , VIJAY LATA PATHANIA  , BIKRAM SINGH  , RAKESH DEOSHARAN SINGH
Published: December 2023

Two separate field experiments were conducted during 2007, 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the effect of agro- techniques on the performance of natural sweetener plantstevia ( Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under western Hi- malayan conditions. In the first experiment during 2007 and 2008 two doses of farm yard manure (FYM) and seven inorganic fertilizers were compared with untreated plot (control). Application of 50:60:50 kg NPK/ha re- corded significantly higher plant height, stem, flower and total weight/plant (dry) and consequently recorded higher dry leaf yield as compared to other treatments. However, stevioside and rebaudioside contents were found to re- duce due to the application of manures/fertilizers. FYM application recorded higher marker compounds than inor- ganic fertilizers. Owing to higher dry leaf yield, 50:60:50 kg NPK/ha recorded highest steviol glycoside (stevioside and rebaudioside A) yield/ha than other treatments. In second experiment during 2008 and 2009, effect of land configuration and harvesting time on growth, yield and steviol glycosides of stevia was evaluated. Planting stevia in broad bed and furrow (BBF) recorded 31 and 23% higher leaf biomass over flat and camber bed methods, re- spectively. Steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside-A) concentration was higher when stevia was planted in camber bed as compared to flat and BBF. Significantly higher leaf biomass was obtained from stevia plants which were harvested once at 50% flower bud stage compared with those harvested once at the 60 and 90 days after transplanting (DAT). Rebaudioside -A content was higher when leaves were harvested at 50% flower bud stage. Owing to higher dry leaf yield, stevia planted in BBF and harvested at 50% flower bud stage recorded high- est net return and B:C ratio than other treatments.
Influence of planting pattern and sulphur on mungbean (Vigna radiata) and sesame (Sesamum indicum) intercropping under semi-arid region of Rajasthan
Authors: K. PRAJAPAT  , A.C. SHIVRAN  , G.L. CHOUDHARY  , H.R. CHOUDHARY
Published: December 2023

The study was carried out during kharif season of 2009 to study the effect of different intercropping systems and sulphur levels on mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] and sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.). Among the dif- ferent row ratios, sole planting of both the crops gave significantly maximum seed yield and uptake of nutrients. The highest productivity in terms of mungbean equivalent yield (1.21 t/ha) was obtained under sole mungbean, which remained on par with mungbean + sesame grown in 4:1 ratio. Mungbean + sesame grown in 4:1 ratio also gave significantly highest land equivalent ratio. Application of increasing levels of sulphur up to 30 kg S/ha re- corded significantly highest seed yield of mungbean. However, significant improvement in seed yield of sesame, total uptake of nitrogen and sulphur by mungbean and sesame, protein content in seed of mungbean, oil content in seed of sesame, mungbean equivalent yield and land equivalent ratio were observed up to 45 kg S/ha.
Effect of management practices on growth, yield and quality of late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: A. RAM  , R.K. PANNU  , DASHARATH PRASAD
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Hisar during rabi season of 2007-08 to study the effect of different agro- nomic management practices on growth, yield and quality of late sown wheat( Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). Dry seeding with overnight soaked seed on 15 December with 25% higher seed rate followed by irrigation produced higher grain and biological yield followed by dry seeding with 25% higher seed rate on 15 December fol- lowed by irrigation. Crop germination was earlier by 2 days when sowing with soaked seeds was adopted.
Diversification of rice (Oryza sativa) based cropping system for improving productivity and income in Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: B. MUKUNDAM  , M. YAKADRI  , V. RAJA  , S. SRIVIDYA
Published: December 2023

Field experiments were conducted on a sandy clay loam soil during kharif and rabi 2006-07 and 2007-08 at Agriculture College Farm, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to evaluate diversified rice ( Oryza sativa L.) based cropping system with rice varieties and legume crops. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three rice variet- ies of different durations, viz., Samba Mahsuri ( BPT-5204), Early Samba ( M-7) and Tellahamsa as main plot treatments in kharif and sub-plot treatments of maize ( Zea mays L.) with and without herbicides, greengram ( Vigna mungo L.) and blackgram [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] were super imposed on the rice varieties during rabi season in three replicates. Samba Mahsuri long duration rice produced 0.9 and 1.9 t/ha higher yield and ` 7,891 and 16,074/ha higher net return over Early Samba and Tellahamsa. The performance of rabi crops was not in- fluenced by the rice varieties of kharif season. In terms of rice equivalent yield and net returns, ricezero tillage maize, irrespective of herbicides supplementation, was 103-197 percent superior over existing rice-pulse se- quence. Soil fertility status and microbial population of the rice maize system was lower than rice legume sys- tem.