bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Closed nuclear fuel cycle of thermal and fast reactors with fuel self-sufficiency
Authors: Shmelev Anatoly N. , Apse Vladimir A. , Kulikov Evgeny G. , Kulikov Gennady G. , Glebov Vasily B.
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the results obtained in numerical evaluations of a possibility to reach self-sufficiency of fissile materials in the joint system of fast and thermal reactors. These studies considered the joint system consisting of thermal light-water reactors of VVER-type and fast lead-cooled reactors of BREST-type, which are operated within the frames of the closed (Th-U-Pu) fuel cycle. It was assumed that fast reactors (FR) of BREST-type used the mixed thorium-plutonium nitride fuel, while thermal reactors (TR) of VVER-type used the mixed oxide fuel of natural uranium and 233U. Uranium isotope 233U was produced in the Th-fraction of FR fuel for further introduction into the fresh composition of TR fuel, while plutonium was produced in the natural uranium fraction of TR fuel for further introduction into the fresh composition of FR fuel. The numerical studies resulted in the determination of the conditions necessary to provide fuel self-sufficiency in the joint TR-FR system. The following key findings of the research may be noted:

– It is demonstrated the possibility to create the joint TR-FR system with inherent fuel self-sufficiency;

– Involvement of thorium and 233U in the closed NFC of the joint TR-FR system can arrange an optimal regime for production and consumption of main FM;

– Purposeful change of thermal power and introduction of natural uranium in the fuel composition of BREST-type FR made it possible to reach fuel self-sufficiency of the joint TR-FR system;

– Application of radiogenic lead instead of natural lead allowed us to reduce necessary values of thermal power and content of natural uranium nitride in the fuel of BREST-type FR.
Underestimated diversity: A new species of the genus Cuneopsis (Bivalvia, Unionidae, Unioninae) from Henan, China
Authors: Hou Kaiyu , Wang Xianan , Nan Fang , Wu Ruiwen
Published: February 2025

The global decline of freshwater mussels and their crucial ecological services highlights the necessity and urgency of developing and guiding conservation efforts for this group. Accurately delineating species and understanding their phylogeny are crucial to the core of species conservation. Here, we integrate shell morphology, soft-body anatomy, and molecular systematics to describe a new species of freshwater mussel from the Shi River in Xinyang City, Henan Province, China, i.e., Cuneopsis celtiosimilissp. nov. Morphologically, this new species resembles its congeneric species C. kiangsiensis and C. celtiformis in shell size, shape, and sculpture. However, this new species can be distinguished from closely related congeners by the pseudocardinal teeth. For the new species, two pseudocardinal teeth of the left valve join together to form a continuous strip; the single pseudocardinal tooth on the right valve is more squashed and lower; the papillae of the incurrent aperture are shorter, forming a pyramidal shape and arranged in two rows. Molecularly, based on the mitochondrial barcoding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), the minimum genetic distance between the new species and other known congeners is 4.6% (C. celtiosimilissp. nov. vs. C. kiangsiensis). Additionally, the complete mitogenome of C. celtiosimilissp. nov. was also assembled and annotated. Based on the mitochondrial phylogenomic analyses, the results clarify the phylogenetic position of the new species and establish the most comprehensive phylogenetic relationship of the genus Cuneopsis to date, as follows: ((((C. demangei + C. heudei) + C. szechenyii) + ((C. kiangsiensis + C. celtiosimilissp. nov.) + C. celtiformis)) + C. rufescens). The discovery of this new taxon contributes to the existing knowledge on freshwater mussels in China, and a key to all known species of Cuneopsis is provided to aid the identification of species in this understudied genus.
La coccidioïdomycose : une mycose émergente
Authors: Paugam André
Published: February 2025

La coccidioïdomycose est une infection fongique émergente. Elle est endémique dans les régions arides et semi-arides du sud-ouest des États-Unis et du nord du Mexique. Cette recrudescence est favorisée, notamment, par l’augmentation des résidents dans ces zones d’endémie. En France, l’accroissement des cas importés est en relation avec la multiplication des voyages en zone d’endémie de patients immunodéprimés, notamment ceux traités par des immunomodulateurs. La coccidioïdomycose est responsable d’une atteinte respiratoire pouvant se compliquer de dissémination. Ce champignon très virulent est un agent de bioterrorisme et sa culture doit être réalisée dans un laboratoire de confinement de niveau 3.
Marqueurs biologiques placentaires des grossesses pathologiques
Authors: Guibourdenche Jean
Published: February 2025

L’amélioration de la prise en charge des grossesses compliquées, notamment de pré-éclampsie ou d’aneuploïdie fœtale, est un souci constant des équipes obstétricales. Ces pathologies sont associées à un dysfonctionnement placentaire, menant à des concentrations anormales de biomarqueurs d’origine trophoblastique dans le sang maternel. La pré-éclampsie est ainsi associée à une diminution précoce et marquée du facteur de croissance placentaire (PlGF) suivie d’une augmentation un peu plus tardive de son récepteur soluble le sFlt-1. Le dosage de PIGF intégré à un algorithme de calcul permet de dépister la pré-éclampsie au premier trimestre de la grossesse pour instaurer un traitement par l’aspirine à faible dose, mais l’intérêt et le coût d’une telle démarche dans la population générale restent débattus. Un ratio sFlt-1/PLGF bas permet d’exclure la survenue d’une pré-éclampsie dans la semaine, voire le mois. Au premier trimestre, une diminution de la concentration sanguine de la protéine plasmatique de type A associée à la grossesse (PAPP-A) traduit une implantation ou une placentation défectueuse observée dans la pré-éclampsie et dans la trisomie 21. Ce défaut trophoblastique est associé à une augmentation de la concentration sanguine de la sous-unité β libre de l’hormone chorionique gonatrope humaine (hCGβ) qui est, en revanche, plus spécifique de cette aneuploïdie.
Le diagnostic de l’infection à Trichomonas vaginalis en 2019
Authors: Pargade Vincent , Bigot Juliette , Romand S. , Hennequin Carole , Jacquet Richard
Published: February 2025

Trichomonas vaginalis est un parasite strictement humain responsable d’infections urogénitales sexuellement transmissibles. Cosmopolite, sa prévalence est variable dans le monde, élevée en Afrique et basse en Europe. Cliniquement, ce protozoaire flagellé est responsable de vulvovaginite aiguë ou d’urétrite pauci-symptomatique ; toutefois, la majorité des trichomonoses sont asymptomatiques. L’infection humaine par ce parasite est associée à une augmentation du risque de transmission du virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) et, chez la femme enceinte, à un risque de prématurité de son enfant et d’un faible poids à sa naissance. Le diagnostic conventionnel (examen microscopique direct et culture) est très peu sensible en raison de la fragilité de la forme végétative. Depuis l’apparition de techniques d’analyse des acides nucléiques, un diagnostic sensible et spécifique de trichomonose est possible. Ainsi, une révision des stratégies diagnostiques françaises vis-à-vis de T. vaginalis s’avère indispensable.
Histoire de la lèpre
Authors: Berche Patrick
Published: February 2025

Connue depuis l’Antiquité, la lèpre est une maladie chronique qui est devenue épidémique au Moyen Âge, avant de disparaître en Europe à partir du XIV e siècle. Malgré des traitements antibiotiques efficaces, cette maladie reste d’actualité puisqu’on comptait encore 214 000 nouveaux cas en 2016, principalement au Brésil, en Inde et en Indonésie. La lèpre existe sous deux formes principales : une forme tuberculoïde, peu contagieuse, avec des lésions cutanées dépigmentées et insensibles, associées à une atteinte inflammatoire des gros troncs nerveux et des paralysies ; une forme lépromateuse, beaucoup plus contagieuse, avec des nodules cutanés extensifs et mutilants, défigurant le visage, et disséminés à l’ensemble du corps. Depuis la découverte de Armauer Hansen en 1873, on sait que la lèpre est due à Mycobacterium leprae , bactérie réputée strictement humaine. En 2008, on a découvert une seconde espèce, Mycobacterium lepromatosis , à l’origine de la « lèpre lépromateuse diffuse », une forme très grave rencontrée surtout au Mexique. De plus, on a mis en évidence récemment que les mycobactéries de la lèpre étaient responsables de zoonoses chez le tatou à neuf bandes, chez l’écureuil roux et chez des primates en Afrique et en Asie. L’analyse moléculaire de ces mycobactéries a montré la grande stabilité de leurs génomes, ce qui met en exergue l’importance du terrain génétique sur l’expression de la maladie. Les analyses phylogénétiques, à partir des génomes complets provenant de 142 souches contemporaines et de 17 souches médiévales (par extraction de l’ADN à partir des lésions osseuses entre le IV e et le XIII e siècle), a permis de montrer que M. leprae serait apparu il y a environ 3 600 ans et que le foyer initial de la lèpre humaine serait situé en Afrique de l’Est.
Industry 4.0 in logistics management in Latin America: A bibliometric review
Authors: Valenzuela-Cobos Alexandra , Vera-Cabanilla Bryan , Castillo-Heredia Luis , Valenzuela-Cobos Juan
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This research aims to identify the use of Industry 4.0 in logistics management in Latin America through a bibliometric review of different databases.Design/methodology/approach: This study used a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approach methodology, and the PRISMA method was used for a bibliometric review. Recent articles on Industry 4.0 in logistics management in Latin America, obtained from Scielo, Scopus and Science Direct, were included. The Rayyan tool helped in the selection and elimination of duplicates.Findings: Twenty-nine research articles were included. The articles that were found allow highlighting the benefit of industry 4.0 in competitiveness. In which it is reflected that logistics manages the efficient flow of materials and information to deliver products to the final customer with quality and low costs. Industry 4.0 promises to transform logistics with technologies such as IoT, artificial intelligence and Big Data, optimizing processes, improving flexibility and risk management.Originality/value: This research allows to expand the knowledge of the application of Industry 4.0 at the Latin American level, as it provides specific and contextual data on how these technologies can optimize logistics processes in the region, thus fostering competitiveness and innovation in a constantly evolving global market.
Космос и природа в сочинениях протопопа Аввакума
Authors: Čadajeva Olga
Published: February 2025

This paper considers archpriest Avvakum’s notions about nature and the cosmos in the light of the two cosmological models, which co-existed in Russian culture in the Seventeenth century. Focusing on Avvakum’s engagement with both geocentric and flat Earth conceptions of the universe, the study highlights the hybridity of Avvakum’s notions, since elements in his writings refer to both flat-Earth picture, and the geocentric picture of the world with a rotating celestial sphere. This hybridity is obvious in the Archpriest’s notions about the localisation of hell and paradise. Avvakum pictures landscapes as icons. Thus, his depictions are structured according to the model of ekphrasis and their elements arranged according to the vertical and horizontal plane principles. Finally, Avvakum’s writings reveal a tendency towards the empirical verification of knowledge, when Avvakum had the possibility to relate it to his everyday experience.
Почерк протопопа Аввакума
Authors: Lavrov Aleksandr
Published: February 2025

L’article est consacré à l’analyse des autographes de l’archiprêtre Avvakum. Son objectif est de montrer que les représentations actuelles de l’écriture manuscrite comme reflet de l’individualité, menées à la base d’expertises graphologiques, sont inopérantes pour les débuts de la période moderne. Un homme du xviie pouvait parfaitement écrire de plusieurs façons différentes, chacune correspondant à un type de texte précis. Il n’est pas exclu, en outre, de rencontrer le cas où un auteur confirmé se dote d’une nouvelle écriture, un peu comme un écrivain contemporain s’essaye à un nouveau genre. Tout cela s’applique aux textes de la main d’Avvakum, ce qui complique la tâche des chercheurs dans leur attribution des manuscrits. L’article analyse aussi bien les expertises effectuées par les premiers chercheurs à s’être penchés sur le sujet (Ja. L. Barskov, V. G. Družinin), que les travaux extrêmement critiques des slavistes contemporains (G. Sheidegger).
Combining Motor Education With Games to Teach Sports Techniques
Authors: Fogliata Arianna , Mazzella Mariapia , Gamberini Chiara , Ambretti Antinea
Published: February 2025

This chapter examines the effectiveness of integrating traditional and modern motor games in technical sports learning and peer support within physical education. Conducted in a primary school, the study compared traditional and modern javelin throwing using game-based teaching progressions. Pre- and post-intervention evaluations included variables such as technical learning, active participation, and mutual support involving two children with Down syndrome. Traditional games emphasized rituals and collective belonging, while modern games focused on technical efficiency. Results revealed significant improvements in inclusion and participation parameters in Group 1 (traditional games) compared to Group 2 (modern games), particularly for the child with special needs. The study highlights the potential of traditional games in aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 4 and 10), fostering equality, inclusion, and multisectoral learning. The traditional approach could help promote peer support by reducing inequalities in educational practices.
Can a Gamified Proposal Increase the Motivation, Satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs, and Enjoyment of Primary Education Students?
Authors: Navarro-Patón Rubén , Campo-Vázquez Jairo , Mecías-Calvo Marcos
Published: February 2025

Brawl Stars in Physical Education is a gamification proposal that aims to work on two sustainable development goals, specifically SDG3 “Health and well-being” and SDG4 “Education and quality”. A total of 100 students between the ages of 10 and 11 years old were divided into two groups (control vs. experimental). Sociodemographic data (age and sex), Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, Physical Education Motivation Questionnaire in Primary Education, and the Physical activity enjoyment scale were administrated before and after the application of a didactic unit in both groups. Gamification produces improvements in the basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relationships with others), in the intrinsic motivation, and in the enjoyment of the primary education students participating in this study. Teachers must use pedagogical models such as gamification that stimulate motivation and the feeling of competence, autonomy, and enjoyment since they are determining factors when starting and/or continuing an active lifestyle.
We Cooperate to Learn to Compete Through Motor Play
Authors: Bolarín Carmen Del Bosque , Roque José Ignacio Alonso
Published: February 2025

Emotions are crucial for regulating our lives and shaping our perception of reality. In Physical Education (PE), the holistic approach emphasizes their importance. PE fosters emotional experiences through various activities, which can sometimes lead to interpersonal conflicts. Students often experience negative emotions like anger during competitive games, increasing the likelihood of conflicts. Research shows that positive emotions are stronger in cooperative situations. Therefore, incorporating diverse motor activities in PE is vital for enhancing competencies and improving school coexistence, contributing to quality education. A study in a bilingual school with 50 students explored emotional experiences in cooperative challenges, revealing that positive emotions prevailed regardless of competition or conflict. Understanding and managing emotions in PE can improve interpersonal dynamics and conflict resolution, aligning with educational objectives.
TRADIJOC Traditional Games Festival
Authors: Soler Biel Pubill
Published: February 2025

Tradijoc is a traditional games festival aimed at students in their first year of compulsory secondary education, held since 2005 in two districts of the inland region of Tarragona, Spain. This article outlines the objectives of the event and traces its evolution towards becoming a successful example of ludic-pedagogical practice, now recognized by both the educational community and society at large in the area. It also delves into the organizational model of the project, explaining how it is coordinated and implemented. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to well-being, education, equality, sustainable communities, and responsible consumption are intrinsically embedded in the project. Through an exploration of the local traditional games heritage, the festival promotes the use of natural and household materials from the environment for playing games in meaningful community spaces, thereby fostering a shared collective ludic imagination.
Socio-Affective Relationships and Sporting Games
Authors: Ben Chaâbane Zhaira , Bejaoui Raja
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on the aims of physical education in Tunisia by examining national curricula, particularly regarding the contribution of sports and physical activities to social integration and the development of social awareness. Developing socialisation implies considering relational dimensions to educate future generations to be supportive, peaceful, and altruistic. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the impact of two types of physical activities on the socio-affective relational dimensions. Sociometric analysis of socio-affective relationships, conducted pre- and post-test with two groups of students practising two different types of physical activities, showed that after a cycle of paradoxical traditional games (post-test), cohesion, social interactions, and socio-affective relationships improved compared to the pre-test. Conversely, after a cycle of institutionalised sports games, the sociometric questionnaire revealed a deterioration in socio-affective relationships and in the social interaction index between the pre- and post-test.
Foundations of Phishing Defense
Authors: Kanwar Raj , Bawa Sumit , Singh Sunil K. , Kumar Sudhakar , Subba Chandra Kumari , Arya Varsha , Ratnaparkhi Abhay
Published: February 2025

Phishing remains a significant cybersecurity threat, targeting individuals and organizations to access confidential data. As techniques evolve, innovative protective measures are essential. This paper offers a detailed overview of phishing defense strategies, focusing on both technological solutions and human-centered approaches. Multi-layered defenses, blending traditional security with user education, are vital for mitigating risks. Simulated phishing exercises and ongoing training empower employees to recognize and respond to threats, strengthening the human aspect of cybersecurity. Leadership commitment and open communication are crucial for cultivating a strong security culture, encouraging staff to report suspicious activities. Continuous evaluation and updates to defenses are necessary to adapt to evolving threats. Real-world case studies, such as the 2020 Twitter breach and the SolarWinds attack, highlight the severe impacts of phishing, reinforcing the need for a proactive that combines technology, education, and risk management to protect digital assets effectively.
Phishing Detection Methods
Authors: Abualgasim Sally D. , Ahmed Zeinab E.
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the evolution of phishing detection methods, present traditional, advanced, and hybrid approaches. Traditional methods provide a base layer of defense, but their effectiveness is limited against adaptive attacks. Advanced techniques employ machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) to enhance detection accuracy and leveraging data-driven models that analyze URL structures, email content, and website behavior. Hybrid models combine multiple techniques to optimize performance. Case studies illustrate the practical application of these methodologies in various domains which include the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory networks (LSTMs), and ensemble algorithms such as Random Forests and Gradient Boosting, achieving detection accuracies exceeding 97% in many cases. Research also highlights on large language models (LLMs) and Universal Adversarial Perturbation (UAP) techniques, for detecting advanced phishing strategies. Challenges in phishing detection include imbalanced datasets and real-time detection requirements.
Defending Against Phishing Attacks on Social Media
Authors: Bhimavarapu Usharani
Published: February 2025

Phishing in the Age of Mobile Devices and Social Media presents a growing threat to online security, as attackers increasingly target users through social platforms and mobile applications. The widespread use of these technologies has created new vulnerabilities, as phishing schemes exploit both personal data and trust-based interactions. This paper proposes a novel security system designed to protect social network users from unauthorized access by leveraging advanced authentication mechanisms, real-time monitoring, and proactive countermeasures. The system integrates features such as password-based login with camera-based identity verification upon failed login attempts, secure email notifications, and user-controlled security actions, such as remote logout and account locking. By providing users with enhanced control over their account security, the proposed system offers a robust defense against phishing attacks and other unauthorized access threats.
Anti-Phishing Technologies and Tools
Authors: Navaneeth Jampula , Rahaman Mosiur , Gupta Brij B.
Published: February 2025

Phishing continues to be one of the most common and effective forms of cyber security threats and involve deception of users thereby getting them provide unauthorized individuals with personal information. In this chapter an overview of phishing attacks is presented with a special focus on anti-phishing technologies. Phishing is then introduced in terms of what is it and different types of it that are currently existing, and the impact that they bring to the individuals who are targeted. Anti-phishing measures are then considered with reference to their purpose of protecting personal and organizational information against emergent threats. Just as the sophistication of phishing has moved from a plain and simple email scam to a spear phishing, the chapter explores the technology in place to curb the deadly attack. Different techniques such as heuristic scans, machine learning and URL filters are described as well as products that help users to avoid falling to phishing tricks. The possibilities of applying new technologies in anti-phishing protection are also investigated, including the AI and blockchain. We present several case studies and analyses which highlight the state of the art in anti-phishing tools and delineate the current strength of various known anti-phishing measures despite of the dynamically developing threat landscape. Thus, with hope to help the readers become more aware of the threat and the ever-unfolding evolution of Phishing and the development of anti-phishing tools, this chapter presents the understanding of the evolution of phishing to the readers.
Advanced Techniques and Best Practices for Phishing Detection
Authors: Mittal Ravina , Singh Sunil K. , Kumar Sudhakar , Khullar Trannum , Kumar Rakesh , Gupta Brij B. , Psannis Konstantinos
Published: February 2025

Phishing attacks are among the most prevalent and dangerous cyber threats, exploiting both technological and human vulnerabilities to access sensitive information. As phishing techniques evolve, organizations must implement various detection strategies to stay ahead of cybercriminals. This chapter delves into phishing detection methods, covering traditional approaches like signature-based detection and content filtering, alongside advanced strategies such as heuristic analysis, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI). It evaluates the strengths, limitations, and practical applications of these methods in real-world scenarios. Additionally, the chapter explores emerging technologies like Natural Language Processing (NLP), blockchain, and behavioral analysis that are redefining phishing detection. By combining traditional and modern techniques, organizations can enhance their ability to identify and prevent phishing attacks, strengthening their overall cybersecurity.
Advanced Tools and Technologies for Phishing Prevention
Authors: Kaur Kashish Preet , Singh Sunil K. , Kumar Sudhakar , Mehra Ishita , Bansal Shavi , Chui Kwok Tai , Sharma Vandana , Sharma Sunil Kumar
Published: February 2025

Phishing attacks are a major cybersecurity threat, exploiting human vulnerabilities by manipulating trust to access sensitive information. As phishing tactics evolve, the demand for advanced anti-phishing technologies has surged. This paper examines key measures such as email filters, SSL/TLS certificates, DNS-based authentication, multi-factor authentication, and URL filtering to protect against phishing. Advanced methods like machine learning, AI-driven analysis, and real-time threat detection have improved phishing prevention. It also discusses browser-based, cloud-based, and email security tools for mitigating risks. The paper highlights challenges such as evolving tactics, email filtering limitations, and user negligence, emphasizing the need for ongoing innovation in strategies. Future trends like AI, biometrics, and deep learning for threat intelligence are explored, showing potential to enhance phishing defense. A holistic approach integrating technology, protocols, and user awareness is advocated to combat phishing effectively at both individual and organizational levels.
Astronomia e formação de professores: algumas limitações entre a teoria e a prática
Authors: Santos Elizandra Daneize dos , Malacarne Vilmar , Langhi Rodolfo
Published: February 2025

A formação de professores é uma temática que tem sido objeto de estudo de muitos pesquisadores, e a busca de novas informações, conhecimentos e concepções é imprescindível em relação ao ensino de Astronomia. O objetivo é discorrer sobre algumas limitações entre a teoria e a prática no ensino de Astronomia relacionadas à formação de professores, a partir de dados encontrados com a pesquisa de mestrado. É um estudo teórico/bibliográfico abordando sobre o ensino de Ciências e Astronomia, coleta e análise de dados utilizando questionários e a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. É possível refletir sobre os efeitos que a formação fragmentada e/ou descontextualizada pode ter para o ensino e a aprendizagem dos conteúdos escolares, e numa perspectiva mais ampla, para a sociedade. A pesquisa destaca aspectos que indicam a importância e a necessidade do ensino da Astronomia nas etapas de aprendizagem profissional - formação inicial e continuada de professores.
Demographic explosion of the brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus Ives 1891 (Decapoda: Penaeidae) in the central and northern Adriatic: implications for ecosystems and fisheries
Authors: Tiralongo Francesco , Zad Homa Nik , Felici Alberto
Published: February 2025

Penaeus aztecus Ives 1891 is an invasive species of western Atlantic origin that has become established in different areas of the Mediterranean Sea. This study highlights a recent demographic explosion of this alien species in the Adriatic Sea. A considerable number of individuals (more than 20 per fishing vessel out of a total of 36 surveyed) were captured by trawling at San Benedetto del Tronto on 30 September 2024, the first fishing day following a 30-day fishing moratorium. Additional unusually high catches in other areas of the central and northern Italian Adriatic Sea occurred in the same period, further confirming a clear recent population surge of this species in the Adriatic. Our results suggest a rapidly growing population in this region of the Mediterranean. We discuss the possible causes of this sudden population increase, as well as the ecological and socio-economic impacts that the species may have on the region in the coming years.
From ICU to “I SEE YOU”: Introducing the family member in COVID-ICU
Authors: Bartoli Davide , Trotta Francesca , Pucciarelli Gianluca , Petrosino Francesco
Published: February 2025

The death rates in Intensive Care Units (ICU) caused by COVID-19 were 37.3%,1 creating traumatic outcomes in family members forced to detach from their relative, in their homes.2
Patient and Family Engagement in ICU has been defined as: “an active partnership between health professionals and patients and families working at every level of the healthcare system to improve health and the quality, safety, and delivery of healthcare.”3 Involving family members in a pandemic era in COVID-ICUs was a complex challenge, as a balance had to be struck between the five ethical principles of Family Centred Care's (FCC)4 and the safety of  visitors and patients5 and thed increased burden of care of health professionals who worked in the COVID-ICUs6 which were to contain the fear of family members7 and support the family member to perform advanced activities such as donning/doffing of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).8 [...]
Ultrasound-guided Genicular Nerve Block in Comparison to Intra-articular Steroid Injection in Chronic Pain Due to Osteoarthritis Knee: A Double-blind Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Pushpakaran Kalaivani , Thomas Naveen Cherian , John Judy Ann , Kandagaddala Madhavi , Anitha S. , Vasanthan Lenny , Rebekah Grace , Keshava Shyamkumar Nidugala
Published: February 2025

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound (USG)-guided genicular nerve block (GNB) using bupivacaine in comparison to intra-articular corticosteroid (IACS) injection in reducing pain and improving function in persons with osteoarthritis (OA) knee.

Design:

This was a double-blind randomised controlled trial.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted at the outpatient clinics of the departments of physical medicine and rehabilitation and radiology in a tertiary care centre in South India. Participants (n = 50) with chronic pain due to OA knee were randomly assigned to two groups. Participants in the experimental group received USG-guided GNB using 0.5% bupivacaine and the control group received USG-guided IACS injection with 40 mg of Depo-Medrol + bupivacaine. Both the groups received exercises and education about joint protection measures. The primary outcome was assessed by mean change in knee pain by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and improvement in functional ability using the Lequesne’s Functional Index (LFI) at 12 weeks of intervention. The secondary outcome was to identify any adverse events following the intervention.

Results:

Twenty-five patients were allotted in each of the treatment arms. Significant reduction in VAS and improvement in LFI at 4 and 12 weeks in both the experimental and control groups when compared to baseline (P < 0.05) were noted. The difference in mean change of VAS and LFI between the experimental and control groups was not statistically significant. There were no adverse events reported with either of the interventions.

Conclusion:

Both USG-guided GNB and IACS injections were effective and similar in reducing pain and improving function in persons with OA knee.
Functional Rehabilitation of a Neglected Foot Deformity: An Interesting Case Report
Authors: Badhal Suman , Mathew Annie
Published: February 2025

Equinocavovarus deformity is the most common foot and ankle deformity in patients suffering from Post Polio Residual Paralysis (PPRP). These deformities can lead to gait abnormalities, abnormal pressure areas, increased energy expenditure and joint arthritis which eventually hampers the quality of life. We reports case of a 30 year old female with PPRP, whose ambulation was severely affected by rigid ankle foot deformity. A patient tailored rehabilitation plan was provided which comprised of an accommodative Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO), exercise training and patient education on energy conservation techniques. Patient reported significant improvement in her ambulation and quality of life following rehabilitation.
Bethlem Myopathy Rehabilitation through Surgical Techniques
Authors: Debnath Anindya , Athani Badarinath , Das Jaya
Published: February 2025

We describe a male patient in his early thirties exhibiting muscle weakness since childhood, which progressed slowly over time. Clinical examination revealed proximal muscle weakness and contractures in hip flexor, hip adductor and gastrosoleus muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lower limbs revealed a specific pattern with peripheral fat infiltration. Genetic analysis through whole exome sequencing identified a heterozygous mutation in the exon 10 (COL6A1) and exon 7 (SPLTC2), linked to Bethlem myopathy. He underwent corrective surgery for hip and ankle deformities, followed by intensive rehabilitation. It resulted in improved mobility, gait and functional status, demonstrating the efficacy of surgical rehabilitation in enhancing his quality of life.
Assessing the Impact of Lower-Limb Muscle Strength Reduction on Joint Contact Forces During Squatting Using a Musculoskeletal Model
Authors: Kothurkar Rohan , Lekurwale Ramesh , Gad Mayuri
Published: February 2025

Background:

Estimating joint contact forces (JCFs) is crucial for understanding osteoarthritis progression and optimising implant designs. However, existing musculoskeletal modelling approaches show variability in estimating JCFs during squatting. Reductions in muscle strength within specific groups are commonly observed due to factors such as ageing, certain physiological conditions or surgeries.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aims to assess the impact of reducing lower-limb muscle group strength on JCFs during squatting.

Materials and Methods:

Marker trajectories, ground reaction forces and in vivo knee JCFs (KJCFs) during squatting were obtained from an open-source dataset. The standard OpenSim pipeline of scaling, inverse kinematics, static optimisation and joint reaction analysis was used to quantify JCFs by reducing muscle group strengths (quadriceps, hamstrings, calf, knee-crossing and hip-crossing muscles).

Results:

The simulations revealed changes in knee and hip JCFs compared to the nominal model due to the reduction in muscle group strength. The research also found noticeable disparities between estimated and measured joint forces, even after a reduction in muscle strength of the musculoskeletal model.

Conclusion:

These findings underscore the challenges in accurately estimating JCFs and enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between muscle group strength and JCFs during squatting. This research revealed that strengthening hip muscles can lower peak KJCFs without significantly increasing hip JCFs, while also guiding targeted rehabilitation and informing patient-specific implant design to improve joint health.
Cytotoxic effect and apoptotic induction of tricyclohexyltin p-methoxycinnamate on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells: Implications for anticancer therapeutics
Authors: Akim Abdah Md , Chaudhry Gul-e-Saba , Zeenia  , Ken Tan Weay , Sung Yeong Yik , Tengku Muhammad Tengku Sifzizul
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer’s escalating prevalence in Malaysia prompts the exploration of innovative anticancer agents; amidst this backdrop, tricyclohexyltin p-methoxycinnamate emerges as a synthesized organotin complex with unique bioactive properties. Notably, the novelty of this research lies in its groundbreaking investigation into the hitherto unexplored anticancer potential and mode of cell death induced by tricyclohexyltin p-methoxycinnamate on colon cancer (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29)) cell lines. This study pioneers the assessment of tricyclohexyltin p-methoxycinnamate’s cytotoxic effects through the “(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay,” revealing a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 1.2 × 10-6M for 24 h, 1.0 × 10-6M for 48 h, and 5.0 × 10-7M for 72 h. The mode of cell death through “AO/PI” staining alongside cell cycle analysis, highlighting apoptosis as the predominant mode of cell death in the HT-29 cell line, accompanied by substantial cell cycle arrest at the sub-“G0” phase. The tricyclohexyltin p-methoxycinnamate’s shown potential antiproliferative properties, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in HT-29 cancer cells. This novel insight into the compound’s mode of action positions it as a promising candidate for future anticancer therapeutics. The study underscores the urgency of investigating innovative approaches amidst the rising colorectal cancer rates, emphasizing the compound’s potential through further in-depth studies and preclinical trials.
Suspected Case of Neonatal Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Jain Himani , Saraswat Priyanshu , Ezhawa Anju Mohandas , Rasania Manish Narendrakumar
Published: February 2025

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome characterised by severe systemic hyperinflammation. Although it can occur in all age groups, neonatal-onset HLH is very rare. It can present as persistent fever, cytopenia, organomegaly along with elevated inflammatory markers. Patients may develop multi-organ dysfunction. Without prompt diagnosis and treatment, HLH has a high chance of fatality. We report a suspected case of neonatal primary familial HLH presenting with hyperbilirubinaemia and thrombocytopenia which was initially treated as sepsis.
The lattice of C
$^*$
-covers of an operator algebra
Authors: Humeniuk Adam , Ramsey Christopher
Published: February 2025

In this article, it is shown that the lattice of C

$^*$

-covers of an operator algebra does not contain enough information to distinguish operator algebras up to completely isometric isomorphism. In addition, four natural equivalences of the lattice of C

$^*$

-covers are developed and proven to be distinct. The lattice of C

$^*$

-covers of direct sums and tensor products are studied. Along the way key examples are found of operator algebras, each of which generates exactly n C

$^*$

-algebras up to

$*$

-isomorphism, and a simple operator algebra that is not similar to a C

$^*$

-algebra.
Mathematics, Statistics, and Geometry of Extreme Events in High Dimensions
Authors: Davis Richard , Kulik Rafal , Sabourin Anne , Stoev Stilian
Published: February 2025

The workshop brought together researchers contributing to various recent topics in Extreme Value Theory. Discussions and talks included recent probabilistic development in the theory of regular variation, advances in multivariate representations compatible with sparsity structures, statistical inference in both high dimensional and time series frameworks, and novel applications and emerging directions that leverage recent advances in deep learning.
Pursuing Osteopathic Recognition: A National Survey on US Program Director Perspectives
Authors: Dong Ting , Shapiro Marina , Soh Michael , Merkebu Jerusalem , Cervero Ronald , McClain Rance , Durning Steven J.
Published: February 2025

Background Osteopathic Recognition (OR) by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education single accreditation system expanded almost 7-fold from 36 programs in 2015 to 259 in 2021 but has plateaued since then.

Objective To assess the interest to pursue OR, perceived barriers and values, and relationship between interest and program demographics in formerly US American Osteopathic Association (AOA)-accredited residency programs.

Methods We conducted a national survey in 2023 of all formerly AOA-accredited residency programs that had not applied for OR. The anonymous survey contained 20 five-point Likert scale questions, 11 short-answer demographic questions, and 1 open-ended resource question, was informed by prior work, and was pilot tested with a few program directors for clarity and content. The relationship between levels of interest in pursuing OR and perceived barriers, values, and demographics were analyzed via contingency table analysis. Thematic analysis was performed by 2 authors on the open-ended question.

Results Of 458 program directors, 178 (38.9%) responded to the survey, and the majority (103, 57.9%) expressed “Yes” or “Maybe” interest in obtaining OR. Thirteen barriers were important, including lack of interest and support from potential applicants or colleagues; lack of time, funding, or facility space; and uncertainty over administrative work; these showed differences among the groups of different levels of interest with medium to large effect sizes (0.24<Cramer’s V<0.35). The groups also showed differences in their perception of the value of pursuing OR (0.21<Cramer’s V<0.29).

Conclusions Program directors’ perceived available resources and the value of OR to attract applicants to a program influenced their level of interest in pursuing OR.
Residents Vote! A Framework and Toolkit to Improve Resident Voting Rates
Authors: Goyal Nikhil , Vohra Taher T. , Champagne Samuel
Published: February 2025

Background Elections substantially impact health care, yet physicians vote less frequently compared to the general population. Engaging residents and fellows in elections, during training when professional identities are formed, may improve physician voting rates.

Objective To examine the feasibility and acceptability of a centralized, institution-wide approach to improve graduate medical education (GME) trainee awareness, registration, and participation in the electoral process.

Methods Our framework was implemented in academic year 2023-2024, leading up to the 2024 Michigan presidential primary election. It included: voter registration instruction during resident orientation; emails with election deadlines and nonpartisan voting information; distribution of wearable buttons displaying QR codes linking to information on voter registration, early voting, and mail-in ballots; and informational sessions with legislative experts. We created an open-access GME toolkit for other institutions. We measured trainee voting rates using a single text message question on election day.

Results Of 1041 trainees, 115 (11%) attended 4 informational sessions; informal feedback was positive. One hundred twenty-three of 826 trainees (15%) responded to the text message question: 35 of 81 (43%) eligible voters reported having voted or planning to do so that day (statewide rate=23%). No additional funding was required. The institutional GME office provided support for operationalization and wearable buttons. Henry Ford Health Government Affairs supported the informational sessions (held during routine didactic time).

Conclusions A series of interventions to improve GME trainees’ participation in elections appeared to enhance participation in a primary election with low effort and apparent acceptability. An online toolkit with reference data, tips, and tools was created to allow others to replicate this effort.
Behavioral Competencies, Supply Chain Resilience and Firm Performance: The Moderating Effect of Internal Integration
Authors: K Owusu , Ofori Issah , Ackah David
Published: February 2025

This study explores the mediating effect of supply chain resilience on the relationship between behavioral competencies and firm performance and how internal integration can moderate the relationship between supply chain resilience and firm performance. The study adopted explanatory research design and a purely quantitative approach. A convenient and purposive sampling techniques were used to collect 227 responses. The structural equation model was used to analyze 227 healthcare delivery firms drawn from the health sector in Ashanti Region of Ghana. The findings show that behavioral competencies have a positive and significant effect on supply resilience. Supply chain resilience had a positive and significant effect on firm performance. Again, supply chain resilience positively and significantly mediates the relationship between firm performance and supply chain resilience. The study finally established that internal integration positively and significantly moderates the relationship between supply chain resilience and firm performance. This study provides insight into the mediating effect of supply chain resilience on behavioral competencies and firm performance. The study further explores the moderating effect of internal integration on supply chain resilience and firm performance. The study makes both theoretical and managerial contributions.
A computed tomographic study on the morphological variants of the uncinate process in a selected Nigerian population
Authors: Ominde B.S. , Ikubor J. , Enaohwo M.T. , Iju W.J. , Igbigbi P.S.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The variants of the uncinate process (UP) influence the patency of the osteomeatal complex. They impair the paranasal sinus drainage hence, predispose to chronic rhinosinusitis. They also make endoscopic sinus surgery challenging and increase the risk of iatrogenic complications. This study investigated the different anatomical forms of the UP using computed tomography.
Materials and Methods: Non-contrast cranial Computed Tomographic images of adult patients wereobtained from digital archives of a Teaching Hospital (Radiology department) in Nigeria (Delta State) after ethical clearance. The site of superior attachment, orientation, deviation, atelectasis and aeration of the UP were evaluated. The data were reported in frequencies and further compared using the Chi-square test. A p-value of <0.05 implied statistical significance.
Results: The UP commonly inserted superiorly onto the lamina papyraecea (208,61.9%) followed by the middle turbinate (81,24.1%) and the skull base (47,14%). Horizontally oriented UP was more common (197,58.6%) compared to vertical UP (139,41.4%). The prevalence of the uncinate tip deviation was 38.7% (130) medially and 10.7% (36) laterally, with significant sex differences (p<0.05). The uncinate bulla was present in 9.5% (32).
Conclusion: This study enlightens on the existing forms of the UP among patients evaluated, thus the need for their identification prior to functional endoscopic sinus surgery to minimize iatrogenic complications.