bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracking eye movements when solving geometry problems with handwriting devices
Authors: Lin John J. H. , Lin Sunny S. J.
Published: February 2021

The present study investigated the following issues: (1) whether differences are evident in the eye movement measures of successful and unsuccessful problem-solvers; (2) what is the relationship between perceived difficulty and eye movement measures; and (3) whether eye movements in various AOIs differ when solving problems. Sixty-three 11th grade students solved five geometry problems about the properties of similar triangles. A digital drawing tablet and sensitive pressure pen were used to record the responses. The results indicated that unsuccessful solvers tended to have more fixation counts, run counts, and longer dwell time on the problem area, whereas successful solvers focused more on the calculation area. In addition, fixation counts, dwell time, and run counts in the diagram area were positively correlated with the perceived difficulty, suggesting that understanding similar triangles may require translation or mental rotation. We argue that three eye movement measures (i.e., fixation counts, dwell time, and run counts) are appropriate for use in examining problem solving given that they differentiate successful from unsuccessful solvers and correlate with perceived difficulty. Furthermore, the eye-tracking technique provides objective measures of students’ cognitive load for instructional designers.
Eye-tracking multi-word units: some methodological questions
Authors: Carrol Gareth , Conklin Kathy
Published: February 2021

Eye-tracking in linguistics has focused mainly on reading at the level of the word or sentence. In this paper we discuss how the phenomenon of formulaic language might best be examined using this methodology. Formulaic language is fundamentally multi-word in nature, therefore an approach to eye-tracking that considers the “word” as the basic unit of analysis may require re-evaluation. We review the existing literature on single word and sentence processing, and also those studies that have used eye-tracking as a way of investigating formulaic language to date. We discuss how eye-tracking might elucidate the “added extra” processing advantage for formulaic language. We conclude with some suggestions about the best way to utilise eye-tracking within this sub-field of linguistic investigation.
Does color influence eye movements while exploring videos?
Authors: Hamel Shahrbanoo , Houzet Dominique , Pellerin Denis , Guyader Nathalie
Published: February 2021

Although visual attention studies consider color as one of the most important features in guiding visual attention, few studies have investigated how color influences eye movements while viewing natural scenes without any particular task. To better understand the visual features that drive attention, the aim of this paper was to quantify the influence of color on eye movements when viewing dynamic natural scenes. The influence of color was investigated by comparing the eye positions of several observers eye-tracked while viewing video stimuli in two conditions: color and grayscale. The comparison was made using the dispersion between the eye positions of observers, the number of attractive regions measured with a clustering method applied to the eye positions, and by comparing eye positions to the predictions of a saliency model. The mean amplitude of saccades and the mean duration of fixations were compared as well. Globally, a slight influence of color on eye movements was measured; only the number of attractive regions for color stimuli was slightly higher than for grayscale stimuli. However, a luminance-based saliency model predicts the eye positions for color stimuli as efficiently as for grayscale stimuli.
Effects of emotion and perspective on remembering events: An eye-tracking study
Authors: Gülçay Çiğdem , Cangöz Banu
Published: February 2021

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the emotional content of an event and participants’ perspective on the memory and eye-tracking measurements for central and peripheral de-tails. The data have been collected from 130 undergraduate male students (18- 33 ages). Three series of seven different emotional thematic photographs (positive, negative, neutral) were used. Participants were subjected to only one of the three series, either in his own perspective condition or observer perspective condition. During the presentation of thematic photograph series participants’ eye movements were re-corded. All analysis for memory and eye-tracking measurements were carried out with 3 (Emotional Content: Positive, Negative, Neutral) X 2 (Participants’ perspective: Own perspective, observer perspec-tive) between-subjects factorial ANOVA. The results indicated that although central and peripheral de-tails took almost equal attention in both negative and neutral events, only details of the negative event was remembered better. In addition, when compared to negative and neutral events participants looked longer at positive event’s central details as well as peripheral details, only details of negative event were remembered better. Consequently, memory enhancement effect occured only in negative emotional event both for central and peripheral details, even though participants paid less or equal attention these details. In addition to effects of emotion, it was seen that like autobiographical memory (Nigro and Neisser, 1983) participants’ perspective has also an effect on event memory and attention measured by eye-tracking. According to eye-tracking results looking with his own perspective to the event causes narrowing of attention while looking with observer’s perspective to event causes extending of attention. In memory results it was seen that participants in his own perspective condition remembered central details better than participants in the observer condition. In conclusion, it is observed that enhanced memory for neg-ative emotional event can occur independently of attention, so it could be said that attention is not suffi-cient by itself to remember an event with details, emotional dimension of the event has a decisive role. Additionally, perspective have an effect on attention as well as event memory.
A Simple(r) Tool For Examining Fixations
Authors: Di Nocera Francesco , Capobianco Claudio , Mastrangelo Simon
Published: February 2021

This short paper describes an update of A Simple Tool For Examining Fixations (ASTEF) developed for facilitating the examination of eye-tracking data and for computing a spatial statistics algorithm that has been validated as a measure of mental workload (namely, the Nearest Neighbor Index: NNI). The code is based on Matlab® 2013a and is currently distributed on the web as an open-source project. This implementation of ASTEF got rid of many functionalities included in the previous version that are not needed anymore considering the large availability of commercial and open-source software solutions for eye-tracking. That makes it very easy to compute the NNI on eye-tracking data without the hassle of learning complicated tools. The software also features an export function for creating the time series of the NNI values computed on each minute of the recording. This feature is crucial given that the spatial distribution of fixations must be used to test hypotheses about the time course of mental load.
Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Display System-based Developmental Eye Movement Test
Authors: Kim Jung-Ho , Son Ho-Jun , Lee Sung-Jin , Yun Deok-Young , Kwon Soon-Chul , Lee Seung-Hyun
Published: February 2021

By transplanting the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test chart to a virtual reality head-mounted display (VR HMD) system, this study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the DEM test for measuring dynamic visual acuity.Thirty-nine adults aged 20–39 years of both genders were the subjects of the study. After undergoing measurement of their visual function, through medical questionnaire, interpupillary distance, near point of convergence (NPC), near point of accommodation (NPA), and far and near phoria, the correlation between the tests was analyzed performing DEM vertical, horizontal test and VR HMD DEM (VHD) vertical, horizontal test.NPC and NPA decreased significantly after the VHD test, while phoria did not. The horizontal was quicker than the vertical in the DEM test, and vice versa in the VHD test. DEM was quicker than VHD in both the vertical and horizontal directions. There was no notable difference in error frequency between DEM and VHD. In terms of DEM and VHD test, there was no notable difference in the short-range IPD and subjective symptoms of the top 10 and bottom 10 subjects. There was also no notable difference between the exercise and non-exercise groups and the game and non-game groups.The performance time for VHD, in which the chart must be read while moving the body, was longer than that of DEM. Therefore, based on the consistency of the results of both tests and the lack of a difference in error frequency and subjective symptoms, the VHD equipment proposed in this thesis is as effective as dynamic visual acuity measurement equipment. In addition, the lack of a difference between the exercise and non-exercise groups and the game and non-game groups demonstrated that the amount of exercise and game by an ordinary person does not influence their dynamic visual function.
Music sight-reading expertise, visually disrupted score and eye movements
Authors: Arthur Patricia , Blom Diana , Khuu Sieu
Published: February 2021

Previous studies have shown that performance at a defined level of music sight reading for pianists (6th Grade) is predictive of eye movement patterns (Waters, 1998) and that such patterns resemble those of text reading experts (Furneaux & Land, 1999; Sloboda, 1974; Truitt, 1997; Wolf, 1976). However, little is known about how expertise might affect eye movement patterns when the score has been visually disrupted using notational features that are unexpected or outside conventional presentation.The current project examined the effect of altering features of the music score on eye movement patterns of expert and non-expert music sight readers. Participants sight read specifically composed musical excerpts, which were then re-presented with the bar-lines removed, altered inter-note spacing and unpredictable beaming directions. Fixation and saccade characteristics were measured and compared between the two performances. It was expected that expert music sight readers would be most affected when the score was disrupted as they would be less capable of grouping notes into familiar, single units for efficient visual processing. Expert sight readers performed significantly faster than non-experts in both conditions: p<0.0001. Saccadic latency increased significantly for experts in the disrupted condition: p=0.0259, while non-experts increased slightly, not reaching significance. This suggests that the disruption of visual expectation was sufficient to cause a lengthening of saccade programming in the experts - an indication of interference with the chunking process. The resultant EM patterns for the non-experts demonstrated heightened non-expert behaviours: increased fixations of shorter duration.
Silent reading of music and texts; eye movements and integrative reading mechanisms
Authors: Cara Michel André , Gómez Gabriela
Published: February 2021

This study investigates to what extent structural units defined by physical and structural markers elicit different eye movement patterns when reading contrasting stimuli of music and verbal texts. Eye movements were tracked and compared in ten musicians undergoing Bachelor’s degrees as they silently read six texts and six pieces of music for piano: the music was contemporary, in modal style, and the style of the texts was informative and literary. Participants were music students at Universidad de Chile studying for Bachelor’s degrees. Information integration for both local (intrasentence/phrase) and global (intersentence/phrase) levels of processing was assessed through regressive fixations at the first pass and re-reading stages. Memory involvement in musical and verbal processing was investigated using verbal working memory and spatial memory tasks, suggesting a link between spatial memory and the reading of contemporary music. Both local and global integrative controls vary according to the reading stages, with differences between music styles and text types. These differences relate to information intake and integrative reading mechanisms. Despite the fact that musicians used different strategies for processing verbal and musical information, no cross-patterns of individual reading strategies were observed between conditions. Although the underlying processes are different, resource-sharing between the two domains cannot be ruled out.
A probabilistic approach for eye-tracking based process tracing in catalog browsing
Authors: Schaffer Erina Ishikawa , Kawashima Hiroaki , Matsuyama Takashi
Published: February 2021

Eye movements are an important cue to understand consumer decision processes. Findings from existing studies suggest that the consumer decision process consists of a few different browsing states such as screening and evaluation. This study proposes a hidden Markov-based gaze model to reveal the characteristics and temporal changes of browsing states in catalog browsing situations. Unlike previous models that employ a heuristic rule-based approach, our model learns the browsing states in a bottom-up manner. Our model employs information about how often a decision maker looks at a selected item (the item finally selected by a decision maker) to identify the browsing states. We evaluated our model using eye tracking data in digital catalog browsing and confirmed our model can split decision process into meaningful browsing states. Finally, we propose an estimation method of browsing states that does not require the information of the selected item for applications such as an interactive decision support.
College Student Development within the Context of Formalized Sport in American Higher Education
Authors: Springer Daniel , Dixon Marlene A
Published: February 2021

Those providing and managing sport in primary, secondary and post-secondary educational settings must be cognizant of the need for sport programs to enhance, rather than detract from, the educational environment. American post-secondary education provides an important context for inquiry in sport for two primary reasons. First, college enrollment marks a significant period of transition for individuals who are at a developmentally impressionable stage of their lives. Second, roughly 80% of all college students participate in some form of physical activity during their time on a college or university campus, with roughly half of them participating in formal sport. Two bodies of literature provide guidance for sport managers in US higher education: 1) sport development theory and 2) student development theory. This paper aims to provide a road map to facilitate the conversation between these two bodies of theory to unpack the potential contribution of sport to the individual development of sport participants at American colleges and universities.
NCAA Exit Interviews and Surveys: Academic Experiences of College Athletes
Authors: Harry Molly
Published: February 2021

Institutions are required to conduct exit interviews and surveys (EIS) with departing athletes, however, these instruments are currently an untapped data source for further understanding the college athlete experience. This study examined 17 FBS institutions’ exit interviews and surveys with 528 athletes, focusing on athletes’ academic experiences. Analyses revealed that EIS questions pertaining to educational experiences focused on the following areas: academic services, overall academic experiences, time demands, coach support of academics, and faculty support. Athletes in this sample expressed overall positive academic experiences and gratitude for the academic services provided. Additionally, the majority of athletes noted few issues with time demands, strong coach support for their academic progress, and positive faculty interactions. These findings challenge some of the current literature noting negative educational experiences and opportunities for college athletes. Implications and recommendations for the field are discussed.
Decision-Making Process Associated with Adding NCAA Division I Sports Programs
Authors: Milstein Sloane , Damon Zack
Published: February 2021

Recent college sport headlines highlight the decision to cut teams during the COVID-19 pandemic. Citing the expected budgetary impact, Old Dominion announced it was cutting its wrestling program.  St. Edward’s University is cutting the men and women’s tennis, men and women’s golf, and men’s soccer.  The University of Cincinnati eliminated its men’s soccer program with more programs to follow. Yet, a number of institutions are charging forward and have announced the addition of a team(s) to their athletic offerings.  Plymouth State will add men’s swimming, Indiana Tech is adding women’s ice hockey, and Augustana College just added men and women’s water polo. Such additions are somewhat surprising given the difficult economic climate currently facing higher education and intercollegiate athletics. This study sought to identify a structure that NCAA Division I decision-makers took part in when adding a team in previous years.  Accordingly, the authors conducted expert-based, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 Division I athletic administrators representing 23 sport teams. The following decision-making phases were identified: Identification, Justification, Evaluation, Acceptance (or Interruptions), and Authorization. Theoretical and practical implications for institutions seeking to grow their sport offerings are provided.
Universals of verbal culture: in search of a common concept
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Dampilova L. S. , Silantiev I. V. ,   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Kim I. E. ,   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Kuzmina E. N. ,   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Shatin Yu. V. ,   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

The paper deals with developing a theory of verbal culture, represented at the levels of folklore, literature, and language. On the one hand, we understand verbal culture as a part of general ethnic culture, including language and forms of literature based on it, and, on the other hand, as a reproducible component of social and linguistic practice. Thus, verbal culture has a depth and includes at least three layers: language, folklore, and literature. Also, verbal culture includes the ethno-territorial (anthropological and geographical), “plane” aspect, namely, the distribution of ethnic verbal cultures geographically, as well as their genetic and typological relations. On the basis of anthropological theories of cultural universals, reinter-preted within the framework of the ideas of linguistics (in particular, ethnolinguistic represen-tations), folklore and literary studies, a system of criteria has been developed for the for-mation of a set of cultural universals relevant for the comparative study of different verbal traditions (language, folklore, literature) of different ethnic groups. The Appendix presents a list of cultural universals, including two aspects: the conceptual series that form the “plane of content” of cultural universals and cultural codes that represent the typed “plane of expres-sion,” universals in their natural, artifact and actional components. Not only will the research results in various subject areas allow clarifying the “flat” (ethnogeographic) and “deep” (on the language, folklore, and literary layers) distribution and configuration of universals, but also to define the original model itself.
Secondary vowel longitude in the sub-dialects of Telengit dialect of the Altai language
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Darydzhy A. K.
Published: February 2021

Telengit dialect is one of the southern dialects of the Altai language, with the native speakers living in the South-Eastern part of the Altai Mountains, mostly in the Kosh-Agach and Ulagan districts of the Altai Republic. There are two sub-dialects in the Telengit dialect: Kosh-Agach and Ulagan, named after the administrative districts. The research materials are the linguistic data collected by the author in the areas of compact residence of Telengits. The paper aims at describing secondary vowel longitude in the sub-dialects of the Telengit dialect of the Altai language in a comparative aspect. Research objectives were identifying the secondary long vowels, describing the phonetic processes that produce this type of longitude, and comparing this phonetic phenomenon with similar processes in the Northern dialects of the Altai lan-guage and other Turkic languages of southern Siberia. Long vowels in the Telengit sub-dialects have a secondary origin, i.e., they are the result of phonetic development. The main ways of longitude formation in the Telengit sub-dialects are compensation of the fallen final consonant of the word form, the contraction of two vowels in one syllable due to the loss of the intervocalic consonant, and the fusion of vowels at the junction of morphemes. The sec-ondary longitude formed due to the dropped auslaut consonant replacement is characteristic of the Altai southern dialects, including the Telengit sub-dialects. The longitude formed by the intervocalic consonant loss and the morpheme junction is characteristic of the entire South Siberian area of the Turkic languages.
Prospective and proximative: results and perspectives of their research in Turkic languages
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Nevskaya I. A.
Published: February 2021

This paper describes the category of proximative (also called prospective), which is supposed to express the prototypical semantics be going / about to do something and refer to a preliminary stage of action. Proximative means are extremely diverse and numerous in Turkic lan-guages. All Turkic languages use various intentional forms and constructions to render proximative semantics under certain conditions, mostly with inanimate subjects or involun-tary actions. Oghuz Turkic seems to be the only branch that does not use proximative forms based on the infinitive or purpose converb of the lexical verb in combination with existential and positional auxiliary verbs. Only Oghuz Turkic seems to have a proximative form with the postposition üzere ‘on’. Both Azeri varieties show convergence with Persian (and other Iranian languages spoken in the Caucasus, and also with Aramaic). Kipchak Turkic languages spoken in Central Asia have an array of isoglosses in common with South Eastern Turkic in their proximative morphology. We can probably speak of a Central Asian linguistic area representing a Turkic dialect contin-uum that had existed there long before the formation of modern national states. Within South Siberian Turkic, a very heterogeneous branch of Turkic, the North Altai varie-ties are closer to Shor and Khakas than to Southern Altai Turkic in many features, also includ-ing Proximative language encoding. Southern Altai Turkic, in its turn, shows a certain close-ness to Tuvan in some proximative isoglosses, but also Kipchak languages of Central Asia in others. Tuvan is characterized by numerous Mongolian loans, also in the proximative sphere. It appears that only the category of avertive employs materially identical language means (with minor variations) in all branches of Turkic. It is the specialized actional form “converb -A + verb yaz- / žas- / čas- / d’asta- / žazda-, etc.” with the lexical semantics “err, fail, miss the target, lose one’s way, sin, etc.”
Realization of the number category of nouns in Russian idioms: grammar, inner form, and meaning
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute RAS (Moscow, Russian Federation), Baranov A. N. , Dobrovol’skij D. O. ,   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute RAS (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

The paper discusses the limitations on the realization of the number category of nouns in the structure of Russian idioms. The main source of the material was the vocabulary of the “Idiom Dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (2015). The relevant limitations are shown to be determined by general grammatical factors, factors of semantics (meaning) of idioms, as well as features of pragmatics and inner form. An interesting case of constraints on the formation on the plural can be considered the characteristic of the referent of a given id-iom: the uniqueness of a person (luchshiy drug sovetskikh fizkul’turnikov), a political subject (bol’shaya semerka), an event (velikiy oktyabr’), the uniqueness of the place (lobnoe mesto), and the time period (kamennyy vek). The constraint on the singular is largely determined by grammatical factors (imeniny serdtsa). The features of the idiom structure can also influence the implementation of the number category: rhyme, rhythm, and unique components (e.g., outdated and constructed words). Grammatical constraints turn out to be more regular. Some semantic and pragmatic constraints can also be predicted. However, a significant part of the semantic restrictions and constraints associated with the model of the inner form are selective. In a systematic analysis of idioms, regular factors are described by general rules, and unique ones are specified for each idiom. The study of the number category in idioms is part of an important program to study the implementation of grammatical categories in phraseology.
Double consonant spelling regulation in borrowed words in Russian spelling improvement and standardization projects of 1930–1956
Authors:   Kansk Teachers’ Training College (Kansk, Russian Federation), Naumenko S. V.
Published: February 2021

The paper deals with traditionally problematic and not fully settled issues of Russian spelling – the spelling of double consonants in borrowed words. The peculiarities of regulation of the spelling concerned in the number of normative sources of the 18–20 centuries are specified. The author considers the views of some linguists on possible reasons for this varia-ble writing and proposals for eliminating the diversity that is characteristic of spelling practice both before and after the 1917th – 1918th spelling reform. A detailed analysis is made of the materials of eleven projects of Russian spelling improvement and standardization, which were elaborated by spelling commissions in the period from 1930 to 1956. The paper provides a description of normative settings of the projects that differ in character and content: prescrip-tive, built in the form of a traditional spelling rule-explanation and the recommendation to the writer to refer directly to the dictionary. Common views on approaches, validity and expedi-ency of normative principles considered in the context of spelling discussion of 1964 and the subsequent discussion of this issue are revealed. Consideration is given to the formulation of the double consonant spelling rule in loanwords in the complete academic reference book (2006), and examples of variable spelling from modern practice are provided. The source base of the research, along with explanatory, spelling dictionaries and draft rules, were un-published archival documents of the Russian Academy of Science.
Alexey Remizov in the symbolist magazine “Vesy”: to the history of cooperation
Authors:   Irkutsk State University (Irkutsk, Russian Federation), Vakhnenko E. E.
Published: February 2021

The paper reveals the history of the relations of Alexey M. Remizov’s and the symbolists’ magazine “Vesy” (1903–1909) in the context of the periodical editorial policy and from the standpoint of the artist’s aesthetic values. The documentary basis of Remizov’s relationship with the magazine’s board can be considered his correspondence with Valery Bryusov, as well as fragments of the epistolary heritage of both a personal nature (letters to his wife Seraphima Remizova-Dovgello) and official correspondence with leading employees of St. Petersburg press. The contacts of the novice writer with Moscow and St. Petersburg symbolists, his gradual entry into the circle of modernist writers contributed to some extent to the formation of his artistic guidelines and poetics of his works in the framework of decadent aesthetics. Invited by Valery Bryusov, Remizov published the reviews of the cultural life in the provinces and in the capital for several years, most often anonymously, in the magazine’s sections “Chronicle,” “On Life,” and “Miscellaneous”. His literary works sent to the editorial board did not pass the censorship and were not accepted for publication because of the hostile attitude of the magazine’s owner S. A. Polyakov. Remizov’s attempts to become a permanent member of the “Vesy” staff for six years did not yield a positive outcome. However, they showed the independence of the author’s position from the editorial policy of the magazine in his choice of artistic priorities and contributed to the formation of the writer’s literary person-ality outside the ideological and aesthetic program of the symbolists.
Orphic code and its roles in the metaplots of Post-Symbolist narratives
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Zhilicheva G. A.
Published: February 2021

The paper deals with the Orphic code of Russian Post-Symbolist prose, discussing the meta-poetical context of the immortal head motif and the plot situations of “a poet’s sacrifice” or “a poet in the underworld.” The Orphic code is viewed as correlating with an author’s reflec-tion of the interplay between the epic and the poetical in a work of prose. In Konstantin Vaginov’s novel The Goat Song, Orphic motifs punctuate the clash between the two narrative instances – the protagonist (a poet) and the narrator. Orpheus, finding himself in the new So-viet world, loses his abilities to change the world with his art, to descend into the underworld, and to charm its goddess. The motif of a failed rescue of Eurydice (i.e., the art) becomes prominent. In Boris Pasternak’s Doctor Zhivago, with the narrator and the lyrical persona having a dialogical relationship, the “Orphic code” provides an essential layer of the novel’s “intertextual palimpsest” (the Silver Age references) and becomes a way of reflecting on the unity of the epic and the lyrical. In Varlam Shalamov’s Kolyma Tales, the metaphor of the underworld becomes dominant, and the Orphic code serves as s a minus-priem, a semantic field that needs to be disavowed. A conclusion is made that the Orphic meta-plot typically in-volves a clash between the perspectives of an artist protagonist and a narrator, reflected both in the diegetic world (the “dying poet” motif) and in the narrative structure (the hybrid nature of the voices of both narrator and the protagonist).
Reception of Charles Baudelaire’s work in the poetry of Igor Severyanin
Authors:   M. Gorky Institute of World Literature RAS (Moscow, Russian Federation), Kuznetsova E. V.
Published: February 2021

The paper considers Igor Severyanin’s approaches to the retransmission of Charles Baude-laire’s creative heritage in his lyrics. In the late 19th – early 20th century, there was a surge of interest in the works of French symbolists and their predecessors, especially to the fate and literary heritage of the author of “Flowers of evil.” Severyanin addressed Baudelaire’s poetry later, at the turn of the 1910s, referring both to his original texts, and translations and critical articles by his older contemporaries (V. Bryusov, F. Sologub, Viach. Ivanov, Ellis, Andrej Belyj, etc.). The analysis covers the peculiarities of this second-wave “Baudelairianism,” its differences from senior and junior symbolists’ apprenticeship, namely, the ironic game in-volving both the image of the “pariah poet” and some of the key themes and motifs of his poetry. In 1909, Severyanin begins mastering Baudelaire’s style by translating his sonnets, but later these, not being entirely successful, are ironically reinterpreted and published in the col-lection “Poesoantract” as purposeful parodies. Another version of the reception is presented in the poem “Sextina” (1910). Weaving a web of verbal puns, the Russian poet inscribes himself in the Pantheon of the famous rulers of doom, while destroying Baudelaire’s tragic aura and placing himself in the vacant place of the poet persecuted by public opinion. Thus, the Severyanin’s reception is seen to reveal the evolution of pre-modernist and modernist cultural codes being a part of the mass discourse, ironic distancing from them, and their loss of philo-sophical and ideological foundations. A conclusion is drawn that the deferential attitude to Baudelaire’s legacy is due both to the change in the readers’ perception in general and to the Severyanin’s aspiration for new avant-garde poetics.
How to write for children about “our land”: a version of the writers of Western Siberia in the late 1920s and early 1930s
Authors:   Institute of History SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Rodigina N. N.
Published: February 2021

The study analyses the publications in “Siberian lights” and “Siberian pedagogical magazine” of the 1920s – early 1930s and the reports of the First Congress of writers of Western Siberia (1934). The opinions of writers, teachers, publishers, and representatives of the party bureau-cracy about the tasks and thematic priorities of regional children’s literature and future chil-dren's writer qualities are studied. The activities of the children’s section of the West Siberian Committee of the Union of Writers are considered. The Committee meetings focused on the tasks, thematic priorities of Siberian children’s literature, and working methods of children’s writers with the members organizing literary evenings for schoolchildren, competitions for the best works for children, promoting children’s books about the region. Encouraging moti-vations for addressing the Siberian children’s literature issue were the party resolutions “On the publishing house “Molodaya Gvardiya” (1931), “On the perestroika of literary and artistic organizations” (1932), “On the establishment of the publishing house “Children’s literature” (1933), preparation for the First Writers’ Congress of Western Siberia, the First Congress of Soviet writers. Also, the lack of works about the region for children, the growth and differen-tiation of the professional community of local writers were vital. The author concludes that for Siberian children’s literature, the 1920s were a period of the active search for themes, im-ages, literary forms, calls for party mobilization in the “workshop of children’s writers and poets.” It was not until 1933–1934 when the socialist-realist canon of children’s books was established, with the main requirements for children’s artistic works being ideological con-formity, pedagogical potential, and fascinating content.
“Gogol’s text” in the plays by N. Kolyada (the poem “Dead souls” and the comedy “The Inspector”)
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Bal V. Yu.
Published: February 2021

The paper discusses the theatrical remakes of Gogol’s works: the comedy “The Inspector” and the poem “Dead Souls.” Considering the creative interpretation of N. Kolyada, both per-formances are related to the actualization of the Last Judgment themes – judgment and retri-bution, sin and repentance. Such an approach allows for a more vivid description of existen-tial and national problems in performances N. Kolyada. It is concluded that N. Kolyada differently adapts Gogol’s works for his performances. In the case of “The Inspector,” Kolyada uses the elements of theatrical language (attributes of the stage space, costumes, music) to mainstream opposition “purity – dirt” and “righteousness – sin,” the oppositions that allow identifying the situation of the imaginary and real Inspector. When being staged, the poem “Dead Souls” changes its nature of the genre with the dramatization – the epic begin-ning is transformed under the influence of medieval drama traditions. In the performance, the plot of the Last Judgment changes the character system: Korobochka and Chichikov, first of all. The sentimental finale of the Last Judgment reveals in Korobochka the ability to love and becomes the key to the revitalization of her soul. The metonymic correlation of Korobochka with the entire Russian people determines the transformation of the image of Chichikov. Kolyada highlights in Chichikov not entrepreneurial obsequiousness, but a sense of contempt for the Russian people: he calls it “dubinogolovy.” An ontological issue related to the ma-nipulation between life and death is removed from the semantic field of his image, but social and moral issues remain.
Procedural Enforcement Measures Consisting in the Isolation of a Minor Suspect and Defendants: Implementation of International Standards in Russian Law
Authors:   Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (Omsk, Russian Federation), Muraviev Kirill V.
Published: February 2021

Russian legislation reflects international standards for the use of coercive measures of isolation of juvenile offenders as a last resort and for the shortest possible time. However, the RF Code of Criminal Procedure does not define a closed list of exceptional circumstances to regulate the conditions for detention of juvenile suspects and accused. Neither does it define the exceptions and other conditions for the detention of adolescents in comparison with the rules for the detention of adult offenders. Further improvement of the RF Criminal Procedure Code and correction of the clarifications of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation are required to reinforce the guarantees of the rights of underage participants in criminal proceedings.
Manifestation of Furor as an Element of a Gross Violation of the Regime in Places of Deprivation of Liberty
Authors:   Tomsk Institute for Advanced Training of Employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Pavlenko Andrey A. , Gordopolov Andrey N. ,   Academy of Law and Management of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (Ryazan, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

Currently, when executing a sentence of imprisonment, officials of the penal system often encounter convicts who show gross disobedience, including via furor. The increase in the number of acts of violence against staff performing their official duties illustrates a situation that requires legal regulation. Penal legislation has no clear definition of the concept “furor”. It is only mentioned in Part 1 of Article 86 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation. The discrepancy between the norms of the law of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation and the law on institutions and bodies on the application of security measures to convicts in furor reduces the effectiveness of the response actions of the penal system employees. For the formation of the most complete understanding of the concept “convict’s furor”, scientific works are analyzed; A.V. Brilliantov presents the most complete concept. The etymological meaning of the term is established. The history of the formation of the term “furor” in medical encyclopedias and reference books, and in the norms of law in the period from the end of the 19th century to the present is considered. A hypothesis is made that repeated malicious disobedience may be in the form of manifesting furor. A connection between the concepts of malicious violation of the sentence serving regime and the manifestation of furor in the norms of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation is noted. Part 1 of Article 86 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation mentions malicious disobedience to legal requirements, which is similar in content to Part 1 of Article 116 of this code, in which one of the malicious violations of the sentence serving regime is “a threat, disobedience to representatives of the administration of a correctional facility and their insult in the absence of signs of a crime”. As a result, two ways of solving the problem of inconsistency of the grounds for the application of security measures in the RF Penal Code and in the law on institutions and bodies are proposed. The first way is to exclude the term “manifestation of furor” from the list of grounds for applying security measures in the RF Penal Code. The second is defining the term “manifestation of furor” in the norms of law and its consolidation as the basis for the use of physical force and special means in the law on institutions and bodies.
Organizational and Legal Issues of Granting Convicts the Right to Movement Without a Convoy or Escort
Authors:   Kuzbass Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (Novokuznetsk, Russian Federation), Cheremin Nikita V. , Zabrodin Aleksandr V. ,   Correctional Colony No. 35 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Republic of Khakassia (Abakan, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the norm that regulates the granting of the right to movement without a convoy or escort to convicts outside the correctional facility. Attention is drawn to a significant increase in the provision of this right to convicts in 2019. The main problematic issues that arise when granting this right are considered and possible solutions are proposed for some of them. When granted the right to move without an escort, convicts are less likely to commit crimes again. Firstly, not all convicts are granted this right, only those who deserve it both by their law-abiding behavior (systematic compliance with the internal regulations and the legal requirements of the administration of the facility) and by good indicators in labor activity, which may also indicate their correction. Secondly, receiving the right to movement without an escort, the convicts have an internal urge not to commit crimes and other offenses. There is also a possibility that these persons can contribute to the suppression of violations by other convicts. Thirdly, by granting this right, the administration of the correctional facility provides for the efficient facility-related work, as well as for less intensive supervision.
The Prosecutor as a Subject of Prosecution in the Civil Procedural Order
Authors:   St. Petersburg Law Institute (Branch) of the University of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation), Golovko Irina I.
Published: February 2021

Based on the results of the study of federal regulatory legal acts and judicial practice, the author of the article substantiates the conclusion about the advisability of applying the concept “prosecution” to the activities of the prosecutor participating in hearings in civil-law cases. At present, only criminal prosecution by the prosecutor is enshrined in Article 37 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. There are research works that justify administrative prosecution by the prosecutor. With regard to the prosecutor’s participation in the consideration of cases by courts outside of criminal proceedings, the issues of defining the role of the prosecutor as a subject of prosecution have not been raised in research. However, in connection with the enactment of laws on anti-corruption, on the reversion of civil servants’ property to the government, the issues of understanding the role of the prosecutor involved in civil proceedings acquire particular importance. In addition, civil liability has been established for offenses, e.g., in the form of liquidation of a legal entity by a court decision issued at the request of the prosecutor. The prosecutor is empowered to initiate the consideration of a case by the court upon the request to bring the perpetrator to civil liability, and the practice of considering such cases by the courts is being formed. In this regard, it is necessary to investigate the identified problem. The aim of this study was to analyze the approaches in the science of prosecutor’s activities, to form a conception of the prosecution by the prosecutor of persons who, according to the prosecutor, are guilty of committing an offense in the consideration of cases by courts in civil proceedings. As a result of the study, the features of the prosecutor’s participation in anti-corruption cases in civil proceedings that characterize the prosecutor’s activities as the prosecution of persons accused – by the prosecutor – of committing corruption offenses have been established. Attention has been drawn to other categories of civil cases in which the prosecutor also conducts prosecution. It has been emphasized that the prosecution is conducted only if the prosecutor applies to the court with a statement of claim, but not in the case of joining the case to give an opinion. The conclusion is made that there are theoretical and legal preconditions for separating the prosecution by the prosecutor in the civil procedural order. The established patterns and findings are aimed at ensuring the unity of approaches to defining the aims and objectives of the prosecutor’s activities in diverse directions, which contributes to increasing the efficiency of the prosecutor’s activities as a whole.
The Subject and Limits of Prosecutor’s Supervision Over the Observance of the Rights of Entrepreneurs in the Implementation of State and Municipal Contracts
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Marinicheva Anna Yu.
Published: February 2021

The definition of the subject and the establishment of the limits of the prosecutor’s supervision over the observance of the rights of entrepreneurs in the implementation of state and municipal contracts are carried out within the framework of the prosecutor’s supervision over the execution of laws according to the basic principles of “general supervision”. In the author’s opinion, an additional limit for the observance of the rights of entrepreneurs in the contractual sphere to be used is the limit according to the type of supervised activity, that is, the supervised person’s type of activity can be limited, and this limit may be the object of prosecutor’s supervision within the relevant field. In practice, the limit is established either by direct indication of the law, or by means of a systemic interpretation of the norms of the current legislation governing prosecutor’s supervision within a specific field.
On Regulatory Criteria for Classifying an Organization as a Non-State Expert Institution
Authors:   Yekaterinburg Branch of the Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation (Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation), Nadonenko Olga N.
Published: February 2021

The current legislation formalizes three elements of the expert system in Russia: state and non-state expert institutions and experts who do not work in expert institutions. As follows from this triad, the defining concept is “expert institution”. The concept “state expert institution” is legally enshrined in Federal Law No. 73-FZ of May 31, 2001, but there is currently no legislative regulation of the criteria for classifying an organization as a “non-state expert institution”, which gives rise to a number of law enforcement problems. For instance, for an investigator, determining the status of an organization entails the implementation of the provisions of Article 199 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation under Clause 1.2 or Clause 4. Therefore, in the author’s opinion, it is extremely important to pass a law regulating the criteria for classifying an organization as a state or non-state expert institution, or a non-expert institution.