bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reshaping of the gastrointestinal microbiome alters atherosclerotic plaque inflammation resolution in mice
Authors: Garshick Michael S. , Nikain Cyrus , Tawil Michael , Pena Stephanie , Barrett Tessa J. , Wu Benjamin G. , Gao Zhan , Blaser Martin J. , Fisher Edward A.
Published: April 2021

Since alterations in the intestinal microbiota may induce systemic inflammation and polarization of macrophages to the M1 state, the microbiome role in atherosclerosis, an M1-driven disease, requires evaluation. We aimed to determine if antibiotic (Abx) induced alterations to the intestinal microbiota interferes with atherosclerotic plaque inflammation resolution after lipid-lowering in mice. Hyperlipidemic Apoe−/− mice were fed a western diet to develop aortic atherosclerosis with aortas then transplanted into normolipidemic wild-type (WT) mice to model clinically aggressive lipid management and promote atherosclerosis inflammation resolution. Gut microbial composition pre and post-transplant was altered via an enteral antibiotic or not. Post aortic transplant, after Abx treatment, while plaque size did not differ, compared to Apoe−/− mice, Abx– WT recipient mice had a 32% reduction in CD68-expressing cells (p = 0.02) vs. a non-significant 12% reduction in Abx+ WT mice. A trend toward an M1 plaque CD68-expresing cell phenotype was noted in Abx+ mice. By 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the Abx+ mice had reduced alpha diversity and increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes relative abundance ratio with a correlation between gut Firmicutes abundance and plaque CD68-expressing cell content (p < 0.05). These results indicate that in a murine atherosclerotic plaque inflammation resolution model, antibiotic-induced microbiome perturbation may blunt the effectiveness of lipid-lowering to reduce the content of plaque inflammatory CD68-expressing cells.
The effects of interval training on peripheral brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: García-Suárez Patricia Concepción , Rentería Iván , Plaisance Eric P. , Moncada-Jiménez José , Jiménez-Maldonado Alberto
Published: April 2021

The aim of the current meta-analysis was to determine the effects of acute and chronic interval training (IT) on serum and plasma BDNF concentrations in healthy young adults. A literature search was performed using six databases until February 2020. The TESTEX scale was used to assess the quality of studies. Effect sizes (ES) were computed and two-tailed α values < 0.05 and non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were considered statistically significant. Heterogeneity, inconsistency (I2), and small-study effects using the Luis Furuya–Kanamori (LFK) index were examined. Fifteen studies (n = 277 participants, age = 24 ± 3 years) were included. The overall effects of IT on circulating BDNF concentrations were moderate and significant (ES = 0.62, 95% CI 0.00, 1.24, heterogeneous (p < 0.001), highly inconsistent (I2 = 90%), and with major asymmetry (LFK index = 2.76). The acute effect of IT on peripheral BDNF levels was large and significant (ES = 1.10, 95% CI 0.07, 2.14), heterogeneous (p < 0.001), highly inconsistent (I2 = 92%), and with major asymmetry (LFK index = 3.34). The chronic effect of IT on circulating BDNF was large and significant (ES = 0.93, 95% CI 0.40, 1.46), heterogeneous (p < 0.001), with moderate inconsistency (I2 = 70%), and minor asymmetry (LFK index = 1.21). Acute and chronic IT elicited a moderate increase in serum and plasma BDNF concentrations in a healthy young population.
Chromatin occupancy and target genes of the haematopoietic master transcription factor MYB
Authors: Lemma Roza B. , Ledsaak Marit , Fuglerud Bettina M. , Sandve Geir Kjetil , Eskeland Ragnhild , Gabrielsen Odd S.
Published: April 2021

The transcription factor MYB is a master regulator in haematopoietic progenitor cells and a pioneer factor affecting differentiation and proliferation of these cells. Leukaemic transformation may be promoted by high MYB levels. Despite much accumulated molecular knowledge of MYB, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of its target genes and its chromatin action. In the present work, we performed a ChIP-seq analysis of MYB in K562 cells accompanied by detailed bioinformatics analyses. We found that MYB occupies both promoters and enhancers. Five clusters (C1–C5) were found when we classified MYB peaks according to epigenetic profiles. C1 was enriched for promoters and C2 dominated by enhancers. C2-linked genes were connected to hematopoietic specific functions and had GATA factor motifs as second in frequency. C1 had in addition to MYB-motifs a significant frequency of ETS-related motifs. Combining ChIP-seq data with RNA-seq data allowed us to identify direct MYB target genes. We also compared ChIP-seq data with digital genomic footprinting. MYB is occupying nearly a third of the super-enhancers in K562. Finally, we concluded that MYB cooperates with a subset of the other highly expressed TFs in this cell line, as expected for a master regulator.
MicroRNA Let-7 targets AMPK and impairs hepatic lipid metabolism in offspring of maternal obese pregnancies
Authors: Simino Laís A. P. , Panzarin Carolina , Fontana Marina F. , de Fante Thais , Geraldo Murilo V. , Ignácio-Souza Letícia M. , Milanski Marciane , Torsoni Marcio A. , Ross Michael G. , Desai Mina , Torsoni Adriana S.
Published: April 2021

Nutritional status during gestation may lead to a phenomenon known as metabolic programming, which can be triggered by epigenetic mechanisms. The Let-7 family of microRNAs were one of the first to be discovered, and are closely related to metabolic processes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that Prkaa2, the gene that encodes AMPK α2, is a predicted target of Let-7. Here we aimed to investigate whether Let-7 has a role in AMPKα2 levels in the NAFLD development in the offspring programmed by maternal obesity. Let-7 levels were upregulated in the liver of newborn mice from obese dams, while the levels of Prkaa2 were downregulated. Let-7 levels strongly correlated with serum glucose, insulin and NEFA, and in vitro treatment of AML12 with glucose and NEFA lead to higher Let-7 expression. Transfection of Let-7a mimic lead to downregulation of AMPKα2 levels, while the transfection with Let-7a inhibitor impaired both NEFA-mediated reduction of Prkaa2 levels and the fat accumulation driven by NEFA. The transfection of Let-7a inhibitor in ex-vivo liver slices from the offspring of obese dams restored phospho-AMPKα2 levels. In summary, Let-7a appears to regulate hepatic AMPKα2 protein levels and lead to the early hepatic metabolic disturbances in the offspring of obese dams.
Development of a genome-wide InDel marker set for allele discrimination between rice (Oryza sativa) and the other seven AA-genome Oryza species
Authors: Hechanova Sherry Lou , Bhattarai Kamal , Simon Eliza Vie , Clave Graciana , Karunarathne Pathmasiri , Ahn Eok-Keun , Li Charng-Pei , Lee Jeom-Sig , Kohli Ajay , Hamilton N. Ruaraidh Sackville , Hernandez Jose E. , Gregorio Glenn B. , Jena Kshirod K. , An Gynheung , Kim Sung-Ryul
Published: April 2021

Wild relatives of rice in the genus Oryza (composed of 24 species with 11 different genome types) have been significantly contributing to the varietal improvement of rice (Oryza sativa). More than 4000 accessions of wild rice species are available and they are regarded as a “genetic reservoir” for further rice improvement. DNA markers are essential tools in genetic analysis and breeding. To date, genome-wide marker sets for wild rice species have not been well established and this is one of the major difficulties for the efficient use of wild germplasm. Here, we developed 541 genome-wide InDel markers for the discrimination of alleles between the cultivated species O. sativa and the other seven AA-genome species by positional multiple sequence alignments among five AA-genome species with four rice varieties. The newly developed markers were tested by PCR-agarose gel analysis of 24 accessions from eight AA genome species (three accessions per species) along with two representative cultivars (O. sativa subsp. indica cv. IR24 and subsp. japonica cv. Nipponbare). Marker polymorphism was validated for 475 markers. The number of polymorphic markers between IR24 and each species (three accessions) ranged from 338 (versus O. rufipogon) to 416 (versus O. longistaminata) and the values in comparison with Nipponbare ranged from 179 (versus O. glaberrima) to 323 (versus O. glumaepatula). These marker sets will be useful for genetic studies and use of the AA-genome wild rice species.
Impact of neonatal resuscitation changes on outcomes of very-low-birth-weight infants
Authors: Yoon So Jin , Lim Joohee , Han Jung Ho , Shin Jeong Eun , Eun Ho Seon , Park Min Soo , Park Kook In , Lee Soon Min
Published: April 2021

The improvement of delivery room care, according to the 2015 International Consensus, may affect neonatal outcome, especially in very-low-birth-weight infants. We aimed to investigate the current practice of neonatal resuscitation by year and analyze the association with neonatal outcomes. A total of 8142 very-low-birth-weight infants, registered in the Korean Neonatal Network between 2014 and 2017 were included. A significant decreasing trend of intubation (64.5% vs 55.1%, P < 0.0001) and markedly increasing trend of positive pressure ventilation (PPV) (11.5% vs 22.9%, P < 0.0001) were noted. The annual PPV rate differed significantly by gestation (P < 0.0001). The highest level of resuscitation was also shown as an independent risk factor for mortality within 7 days and for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and periventricular leukomalacia. PPV and intubation were associated with significantly decreased risk of mortality and morbidities compared to epinephrine use. When considering association, the incidence of mortality within 7 days, IVH, PVL, and BPD or mortality showed significant differences by combination of year, gestational age, and level of resuscitation. According to updated guidelines, changes in the highest level of resuscitation significantly associated with reducing mortality and morbidities. More meticulous delivery room resuscitation focusing on extreme prematurity is needed.
Elongation of the disc-fovea distance and retinal vessel straightening in high myopia in a 10-year follow-up of the Beijing eye study
Authors: Jonas Rahul A. , Yan Yan Ni , Zhang Qi , Wang Ya Xing , Jonas Jost B.
Published: April 2021

To assess changes in the disc-fovea distance (DFD) in highly myopic eyes in a 10-year population-based follow-up study. The case control study included all highly myopic eyes (myopic refractive error ≥ − 6.0 diopters or axial length ≥ 26.0 mm) and a randomized group of non-highly myopic eyes examined in the population-based Beijing Eye Study 2001 and 2011. Using fundus photographs and optical coherence tomographic images, we assessed changes in DFD, parapapillary gamma zone, angle kappa (angle between the temporal arterial arcades), and course of papillo-macular retinal vessels. The study included 89 highly myopic eyes and 86 non-highly myopic eyes. DFD elongation, gamma zone widening, angle kappa decrease and straightening of papillo-macular retinal vessels were detected more often (all P < 0.001) in the highly myopic group than in the non-highly myopic group (63/89 versus 9/86;75/89 versus 18/86;61/89 versus 9/86; and 58/89 versus 7/86,respectively). Gamma zone enlargement, angle kappa reduction and papillo-macular retinal vessel straightening were significantly (all P < 0.001) associated with DFD elongation. The length of macular Bruch’s membrane on the disc-fovea line and the vertical distance between the temporal arterial arcade did not change during follow-up. DFD elongation (10-year incidence 70.8% in highly myopic eyes) was associated with gamma zone enlargement, while macular Bruch’s membrane length remained unchanged. It supports the notion of a temporal shift of an otherwise stable posterior Bruch’s membrane in axially elongated eyes. Straightening of the papillo-macular vessels with increasing gamma zone width suggests a coincident stretching of the papillo-macular retinal nerve fibers and inner limiting membrane.
Safe and effective protocol for discharge 3 days after cardiac surgery
Authors: Mejia Omar Asdrúbal Vilca , Borgomoni Gabrielle Barbosa , Lasta Nilza , Okada Mariana Yumi , Gomes Mariana Silva Biason , Foz Mary Lee Norris Nelsen , Bischoff Helga Priscila Giugno , Saruhashi Tatiana , Melro Livia Maria Garcia , Sampaio Márcio Campos , de Barros e Silva Pedro Gabriel Melo , Garcia José Carlos Teixeira , Furlan Valter
Published: April 2021

The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol affected traditional cardiac surgery processes and COVID-19 is expected to accelerate its scalability. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an ERAS-based protocol on the length of hospital stay after cardiac surgery. From January 2019 to June 2020, 664 patients underwent consecutive cardiac surgery at a Latin American center. Here, 46 patients were prepared for a rapid recovery through a multidisciplinary institutional protocol based on the ERAS concept, the “TotalCor protocol”. After the propensity score matching, 46 patients from the entire population were adjusted for 12 variables. Patients operated on the TotalCor protocol had reduced intensive care unit time (P < 0.025), postoperative stay (P ≤ 0.001) and length of hospital stay (P ≤ 0.001). In addition, there were no significant differences in the occurrence of complications and death between the two groups. Of the 10-central metrics of TotalCor protocol, 6 had > 70% adherences. In conclusion, the TotalCor protocol was safe and effective for a 3-day discharge after cardiac surgery. Postoperative atrial fibrillation and renal failure were predictors of postoperative stay > 5 days.
Possible burden of hyperuricaemia on mortality in a community-based population: a large-scale cohort study
Authors: Otaki Yoichiro , Konta Tsuneo , Ichikawa Kazunobu , Fujimoto Shouichi , Iseki Kunitoshi , Moriyama Toshiki , Yamagata Kunihiro , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Narita Ichiei , Kondo Masahide , Shibagaki Yugo , Kasahara Masato , Asahi Koichi , Watanabe Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2021

Hyperuricaemia is a risk for premature death. This study evaluated the burden of hyperuricaemia (serum urate > 7 mg/dL) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in 515,979 health checkup participants using an index of population attributable fraction (PAF). Prevalence of hyperuricaemia at baseline was 10.8% in total subjects (21.8% for men and 2.5% for women). During 9-year follow-up, 5952 deaths were noted, including 1164 cardiovascular deaths. In the Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusted for confounding factors, hyperuricaemia was independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence interval]; 1.36 [1.25–1.49] and 1.69 [1.41–2.01], respectively). Adjusted PAFs of hyperuricaemia for all-cause and cardiovascular deaths were 2.9% and 4.4% (approximately 1 in 34 all-cause deaths and 1 in 23 cardiovascular deaths), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, the association between hyperuricaemia and death was stronger in men, smokers, and subjects with renal insufficiency. Adjusted PAFs for all-cause and cardiovascular deaths were 5.3% and 8.1% in men; 5.8% and 7.5% in smokers; and 5.5% and 7.3% in subjects with renal insufficiency. These results disclosed that a substantial number of all-cause and cardiovascular deaths were statistically relevant to hyperuricaemia in the community-based population, especially men, smokers, and subjects with renal insufficiency.
Pupal cannibalism by worker honey bees contributes to the spread of deformed wing virus
Authors: Posada-Florez Francisco , Lamas Zachary S. , Hawthorne David J. , Chen Yanping , Evans Jay D. , Ryabov Eugene V.
Published: April 2021

Transmission routes impact pathogen virulence and genetics, therefore comprehensive knowledge of these routes and their contribution to pathogen circulation is essential for understanding host–pathogen interactions and designing control strategies. Deformed wing virus (DWV), a principal viral pathogen of honey bees associated with increased honey bee mortality and colony losses, became highly virulent with the spread of its vector, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. Reproduction of Varroa mites occurs in capped brood cells and mite-infested pupae from these cells usually have high levels of DWV. The removal of mite-infested pupae by worker bees, Varroa Sensitive Hygiene (VSH), leads to cannibalization of pupae with high DWV loads, thereby offering an alternative route for virus transmission. We used genetically tagged DWV to investigate virus transmission to and between worker bees following pupal cannibalisation under experimental conditions. We demonstrated that cannibalization of DWV-infected pupae resulted in high levels of this virus in worker bees and that the acquired virus was then transmitted between bees via trophallaxis, allowing circulation of Varroa-vectored DWV variants without the mites. Despite the known benefits of hygienic behaviour, it is possible that higher levels of VSH activity may result in increased transmission of DWV via cannibalism and trophallaxis.
Author Correction: Minimal system for assembly of SARS-CoV-2 virus like particles
Authors: Swann Heather , Sharma Abhimanyu , Preece Benjamin , Peterson Abby , Eldredge Crystal , Belnap David M. , Vershinin Michael , Saffarian Saveez
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Recent advances in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation: from active sites to ammonia quantification methods
Authors: Huang Rong , Li Xiaoman , Gao Wanguo , Zhang Xu , Liang Sen , Luo Min
Published: April 2021

The common active sites of photocatalysts for nitrogen fixation are mainly vacancy defects and doped metal.
High-efficiency catalytic reduction of residual oxygen for purification of carbon dioxide streams from high-pressure oxy-combustion systems
Authors: Lu Hong , Schideman Luke , Ye Qing , Lu Yongqi
Published: April 2021

Cobalt–manganese composite catalysts in a reverse-flow fixed-bed reactor showed excellent activity and selectivity for reduction of residual O2 for CO2 purification from pressurized oxy-combustion flue gases.
The rheologically-complex fluid beauty of nail lacquer formulations
Authors: Jimenez Leidy Nallely , Martínez Narváez Carina D. V. , Xu Chenxian , Bacchi Samantha , Sharma Vivek
Published: April 2021

We focus on conceptual and experimental challenges underlying the rheological characterization of commercial nail lacquer formulations, and the fluid mechanics quests relevant to the problem of painting nails or getting them painted.
An electrochemical biosensor for simultaneous detection of breast cancer clinically related microRNAs based on a gold nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots/graphene oxide film
Authors: Pothipor Chammari , Jakmunee Jaroon , Bamrungsap Suwussa , Ounnunkad Kontad
Published: April 2021

An electrochemical biosensor employing a gold nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots/graphene oxide composite modified electrode is developed for the multiplex detection of miRNA breast cancer biomarkers.
Retro-Diels–Alder decomposition of norbornadiene mediated by a cationic magnesium complex
Authors: Thum Katharina , Pahl Jürgen , Eyselein Jonathan , Elsen Holger , Langer Jens , Harder Sjoerd
Published: April 2021

The addition of norbornadiene to a “naked” cationic β-diketiminate magnesium complex gave first evidence for Mg–norbornadiene coordination. Complexation results in the facile retro-Diels–Alder decomposition of norbornadiene at room temperature.
The influence of organic bases and substituted groups on coordination structures affording two mononuclear Dy(iii) single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and a novel Dy(iii)–K(i) compound with unusually coordinated fluorine atoms
Authors: Shen Nan , Liang Jing , Qu Xiaoni , Liu Sha , Zhu Lin , Zhang Sheng , Chen Ling , Zhang Jiangwei , Hu Dengwei , Yin Bing
Published: April 2021

The different organic bases and substituted groups of auxiliary ligands play an important role in synthetic processes, finally affording distinct structures and magnetic properties.
Infrared characterization of the products and the rate coefficient of the reaction between Criegee intermediate CH2OO and HCl
Authors: Liang Wei-Che , Luo Pei-Ling , Lee Yuan-Pern
Published: April 2021

Infrared spectrum of chloromethyl hydroperoxide, the reaction product of Criegee intermediate CH2OO with HCl, was obtained. Secondary products CHClO and H2O were also observed. The rate coefficient was determined to be 4.8 × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1.
Amino-acid interactions with the Au(111) surface: adsorption, band alignment, and interfacial electronic coupling
Authors: Futera Zdenek
Published: April 2021

Electronic properties of tryptophan, its band alignment to gold states and strong interfacial coupling, make this amino acid particularly suitable for charge transfer on heterogeneous bio-metallic interfaces.
First-principles study of the optical and thermoelectric properties of tetragonal-silicene
Authors: Mondal Niladri Sekhar , Nath Subhadip , Jana Debnarayan , Ghosh Nanda Kumar
Published: April 2021

The optical response of T-silicene is highly anisotropic in nature, with a π-interband transition occurring in the visible region. Its thermoelectric performance is better than graphene and is comparable to silicene.
Lipid distributions and transleaflet cholesterol migration near heterogeneous surfaces in asymmetric bilayers
Authors: Cino Elio A. , Borbuliak Mariia , Hu Shangnong , Tieleman D. Peter
Published: April 2021

Varied lipid localization and cholesterol flipping dynamics were observed around different membrane-embedded entities, suggesting that unique lipid environments may be recruited by specific proteins.
Advanced and versatile lignin-derived biodegradable composite film materials toward a sustainable world
Authors: Wang Han-Min , Yuan Tong-Qi , Song Guo-Yong , Sun Run-Cang
Published: April 2021

This review summarizes the recent advances in fabrication strategies and versatile applications of lignin-derived biodegradable film materials from the viewpoint of sustainable development.
Azobenzene-modified Ag/Ag2O/CN photocatalysts with photoresponsive performance for controllable photodegradation of tetracyclines
Authors: Shang Ye , Sun Linlin , Wang Huiqin , Li Songtian , Cao Kesheng , Huo Pengwei
Published: April 2021

In this work, an Azo@Ag/Ag2O/CN composite photocatalyst with light-responsive performance was successfully prepared by precipitation and emulsion polymerization. Azo@Ag/Ag2O/CN exhibits cis-trans isomerism under different light exposures.
Design, synthesis, anticancer activity, molecular docking and ADME studies of novel methylsulfonyl indole-benzimidazoles in comparison with ethylsulfonyl counterparts
Authors: Karadayi Fikriye Zengin , Yaman Murat , Kisla Mehmet Murat , Konu Ozlen , Ates-Alagoz Zeynep
Published: April 2021

Specific sidechain modifications on the indole-benzimidazole scaffold play fundamental roles for determining molecule's affinity against ERα and its anti-cancer activity.
Azulene as an ingredient for visible-light- and stimuli-responsive photoswitches
Authors: Lvov Andrey G. , Bredihhin Aleksei
Published: April 2021

A synergy of photoswitches with azulene hydrocarbon as an approach towards functional molecules with advanced properties.
Synthesis of water-soluble surfactants using catalysed condensation polymerisation in green reaction media
Authors: Goddard Amy R. , Apebende Edward A. , Lentz Joachim C. , Carmichael Kim , Taresco Vincenzo , Irvine Derek J. , Howdle Steven M.
Published: April 2021

Synthesis and characterisation of novel linear surface-active polymers from temperature sensitive renewable building blocks using an inexpensive catalyst and clean scCO2 as reaction medium.
Hierarchical copper cobalt sulfide nanobelt arrays for high performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Han Leiyun , Liu Xilong , Cui Zheng , Hua Yingjie , Wang Chongtai , Zhao Xudong , Liu Xiaoyang
Published: April 2021

Rational construction of the morphology of the positive and negative electrodes to assemble a high performance asymmetric supercapacitor.
Synthesis of novel pyridinium 1,5-zwitterions and their reactivity with isatin-based α-(trifluoromethyl)imines: a sulfur-controlled domino reaction
Authors: Zhang Gaoting , Yu Aimin , Lei Yingjie , Meng Xiangtai , Zhang Lei
Published: April 2021

A new stable pyridinium 1,5-zwitterion, generated from azadiene and 4-dimethylaminopyridine, was isolated. The reaction of pyridinium 1,5-zwitterion and isatin-derived α-(trifluoromethyl)imine was regulated by temperature.
A solvent-free and efficient synthesis of bicyclic 2-pyridone derivatives for endoplasmic reticulum imaging
Authors: Ran Xiaoyun , Zhou Qian , Zhang Jin , Wang Shanqiang , Wang Gui , Yang Hui , Liu Xiaochun , Wang Zhouyu , Yu Xiaoqi
Published: April 2021

A solvent-free method was developed for the synthesis of bicyclic 2-pyridone (DHIP) derivatives, which demonstrated excellent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) targeting and antibacterial activity after a slight structure regulation.
Structure determination, correction, and disproof of marine macrolide natural products by chemical synthesis
Authors: Fuwa Haruhiko
Published: April 2021

Integration of chemical synthesis, NMR spectroscopy, and various analytical means is key to success in the structure elucidation of stereochemically complex marine macrolide natural products.
Biomass-derived porous graphene for electrochemical sensing of dopamine
Authors: Mahmood Faisal , Sun Yisheng , Wan Caixia
Published: April 2021

Biomass-derived porous LIG as an electrochemical sensor for dopamine sensing with high sensitivity.
Novel BiOBr by compositing low-cost biochar for efficient ciprofloxacin removal: the synergy of adsorption and photocatalysis on the degradation kinetics and mechanism insight
Authors: Song Wandi , Zhao Jianghua , Xie Xiuhong , Liu Wang , Liu Shuxia , Chang Haibo , Wang Chengyu
Published: April 2021

1. The C-loaded BiOBr was synthesized via a one-step solvothermal method. 2. C/BiOBr showed an obvious synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis on the degradation of ciprofloxacin.
Synthesis and visible-light photocatalytic degradation of Ag3PO4/AgBr/hydroxyapatite ternary nanocomposites prepared from oyster shells
Authors: Sha Sha , Zhang Lei , Liu Haijun , Chen Jingdi , Che Yuju , Zhang Fanbing , Song Cui
Published: April 2021

A new type of Ag3PO4/AgBr/hydroxyapatite photocatalyst was prepared from oyster shells, which showed high efficiency in the degradation of organic dyes.
On line kinetic analysis of permeation profiles for UV filter loaded microemulsions using an automatic system with spectroscopic detection and a chemometric approach
Authors: Silva do Nascimento Danielle , Volpe Verónica , Insausti Matías , Grünhut Marcos
Published: April 2021

On-line and green automatic methods with spectrophotometric detection were developed to the obtention of permeation kinetic constants of octyl p-methoxycinnamate in o/w microemulsions. The effect of interferences was overcome using chemometric tools.
Unraveling the surface properties of PMMA/azobenzene blends as coating films with photoreversible surface polarity
Authors: Hisham Shameer , Muhamad Sarih Norazilawati , Tajuddin Hairul Anuar , Zainal Abidin Zul Hazrin , Abdullah Zanariah
Published: April 2021

A repeated trans–cis isomerisation led to the random reorientation and arrangement of chromophores in PMMA/azobenzene blends as coating films.
Design, step-economical diversity-oriented synthesis of an N-heterocyclic library containing a pyrimidine moiety: discovery of novel potential herbicidal agents
Authors: Ma Dong , Yin Yang , Chen Ying-Lu , Yan Yi-Tao , Wu Jun
Published: April 2021

A diverse library of pyrimidine–N-heterocycle hybrids was developed through a step-economical diversity-oriented synthesis strategy. In vivo biological screening showed some derivatives exhibited significant potential herbicidal activity.
Single-molecule imaging and kinetic analysis of intermolecular polyoxometalate reactions
Authors: Jordan Jack W. , Fung Kayleigh L. Y. , Skowron Stephen T. , Allen Christopher S. , Biskupek Johannes , Newton Graham N. , Kaiser Ute , Khlobystov Andrei N.
Published: April 2021

We induce and study reactions of polyoxometalate (POM) molecules, [PW12O40]3− (Keggin) and [P2W18O62]6− (Wells–Dawson), at the single-molecule level, utilising TEM as an analytical tool, and nanotubes as test tubes.
Non-affinity adsorption of nanorods onto smooth walls via an entropy driven mechanism
Authors: Cheng Yi-Ting , Tsao Heng-Kwong , Sheng Yu-Jane
Published: April 2021

Preferential adsorption of nanorods onto smooth walls is investigated using dissipative particle dynamics in the absence of specific attraction and depletant.
Supramolecular virus-like particles by co-assembly of triblock polypolypeptide and PAMAM dendrimers
Authors: Zhou Wenjuan , Liu Lei , Huang Jianan , Cai Ying , Cohen Stuart Martien A. , de Vries Renko , Wang Junyou
Published: April 2021

This study reports a new assembly system based on a triblock polypolypeptide C4-S10-BK12 and –COONa terminated PAMAM dendrimers. The formed virus-like nanorods display well-defined structure and size, which is from the branched structure and generation-dependent size of PAMAM dendrimers.
Bilayer aggregate microstructure determines viscoelasticity of lung surfactant suspensions
Authors: Ciutara Clara O. , Zasadzinski Joseph A.
Published: April 2021

Premature infants are treated with replacement surfactants whose viscosity varies depending on the bilayer self-assembly in the dispersion, which determines how the material spreads from the trachea to the alveoli.
A metal nanoparticle assembly with broadband absorption and suppressed thermal radiation for enhanced solar steam generation
Authors: Ding Dawei , Wu Hu , He Xiaoping , Yang Fan , Gao Chuanbo , Yin Yadong , Ding Shujiang
Published: April 2021

The efficiency of solar steam generation is boosted by broadband solar absorption and suppressed thermal radiation loss of a nickel-nanoparticle-based spectrally selective absorber.
Insights into the extraction of photogenerated holes from CdSe/CdS nanorods for oxidative organic catalysis
Authors: Sha Yuchen , Lin Xiao-Min , Niklas Jens , Poluektov Oleg G. , Diroll Benjamin T. , Lin Yulin , Wen Jianguo , Hood Zachary D. , Lei Aiwen , Shevchenko Elena V.
Published: April 2021

Using aerobic oxidative coupling of thiophenol in organic media as a model reaction, we show that photogenerated holes in CdSe/CdS core–shell nanorods can be efficiently extracted.
Progress and perspective of metal phosphide/carbon heterostructure anodes for rechargeable ion batteries
Authors: Yue Luchao , Liang Jie , Wu Zhenguo , Zhong Benhe , Luo Yonglan , Liu Qian , Li Tingshuai , Kong Qingquan , Liu Yang , Asiri Abdullah M. , Guo Xiaodong , Sun Xuping
Published: April 2021

This review summarized recent advances of metal phosphides/carbon composite as anode for rechargeable ion batteries, providing an in-depth understanding of contribution of carbon materials into the electrochemical performance in metal phosphides.
Hollow platinum tetrapods: using a combination of {111} facets, surface concave topology, and ultrathin walls to boost their oxygen reduction reactivity
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Yang Anzhou , Wang Siyuan , Wang Yingzi , Huang Qiuzi , Cai Bingfeng , Qiu Xiaoyu , Tang Yawen
Published: April 2021

Hollow Pt tetrapods with {111} facets, surface concave topology, and ultrathin walls exhibit superior electro-catalytic activity and stability towards the acidic oxygen reduction reaction.
Tailoring cysteine detection in colorimetric techniques using Co/Fe-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Authors: Aghayan Morvarid , Mahmoudi Ali , Sazegar Mohammad Reza , Adhami Forogh
Published: April 2021

Co/Fe-MSN was synthesized as a biosensor and applied for the sensitive and selective detection of H2O2 and cysteine.
DNA-based ribonuclease detection assays
Authors: Chandrasekaran Arun Richard
Published: April 2021

This review describes some of the recent developments in DNA-based techniques for ribonuclease detection and discusses methodologies, assay metrics, screening of ribonuclease inhibitors, and future potential.
Ultra-thin metal–organic framework nanosheets for chemo-photodynamic synergistic therapy
Authors: Zeng Rui , He Tingting , Lu Lu , Li Ke , Luo Zhong , Cai Kaiyong
Published: April 2021

A bottom-up strategy was developed to fabricate ultra-thin DOX@Cu–TCPP nanosheets, demonstrating effective chemo-photodynamic synergistic therapy against triple-negative breast cancer.
Thermal crystallization of amorphous calcium phosphate combined with citrate and fluoride doping: a novel route to produce hydroxyapatite bioceramics
Authors: Degli Esposti Lorenzo , Markovic Smilja , Ignjatovic Nenad , Panseri Silvia , Montesi Monica , Adamiano Alessio , Fosca Marco , Rau Julietta V. , Uskoković Vuk , Iafisco Michele
Published: April 2021

The thermal crystallization of citrate-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate leads to the formation of pure hydroxyapatite and represents an interesting route for producing ceramics for biomedical applications.
Tuning the particle size, natural ferromagnetic resonance frequency and magnetic properties of ε-Fe2O3nanoparticles prepared by a rapid sol–gel method
Authors: Gorbachev Evgeny , Soshnikov Miroslav , Wu Mingxi , Alyabyeva Liudmila , Myakishev Dmitrii , Kozlyakova Ekaterina , Lebedev Vasilii , Anokhin Evgeny , Gorshunov Boris , Brylev Oleg , Kazin Pavel , Trusov Lev
Published: April 2021

A fast method for the synthesis of ε-Fe2O3, yielding 100% pure material with a variable FMR frequency, is proposed.
Enhanced plant-microbe remediation of PCBs in soil using enzyme modification technique combined with molecular docking and molecular dynamics
Authors: Li Minghao , He Wei , Li Yu
Published: April 2021

The study on the enhanced mechanisms of the enzymes involved in plant absorption, plant degradation, and microbial mineralization in the remediation of soils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is of great significance for the application of plant-microbe combined remediation technique in PCB-contaminated soils. The present study first used a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamics methods to calculate the effects of the plant absorption enzyme, plant degradation enzyme, and microbial mineralization enzyme on the PCBs in the soil environment. A multifunctional plant degradation enzyme was constructed with three functional roles of absorption, degradation, and mineralization using amino acid sequence recombination and site-directed mutagenesis to modify the template of plant degradation enzyme. Finally, using the Taguchi experimental design-assisted molecular dynamics simulation method, the suitable external environmental conditions of plant-microbe combined remediation of the PCB-contaminated soil were determined. In total, six multifunctional plant degradation enzymes were designed, which exhibited a significantly improved efficiency of PCB degradation. In comparison to the complex of plant absorption enzyme, plant degradation enzyme, and microorganism mineralization enzyme (6QIM-3GZX-1B85), the six multifunctional plant degradation enzymes exhibited significantly higher efficiency (2.10–2.38 times) in degrading the PCBs, with a maximum of 2.69 times under suitable external environmental conditions.
Icelandic Children's Acquisition of Consonants and Consonant Clusters
Authors: Másdóttir Thora , McLeod Sharynne , Crowe Kathryn
Published: April 2021

Purpose

This study investigated Icelandic-speaking children's acquisition of singleton consonants and consonant clusters.

Method

Participants were 437 typically developing children aged 2;6–7;11 (years;months) acquiring Icelandic as their first language. Single-word speech samples of the 47 single consonants and 45 consonant clusters were collected using Málhljóðapróf ÞM (ÞM's Test of Speech Sound Disorders).

Results

Percentage of consonants correct for children aged 2;6–2;11 was 73.12 (
SD
= 13.33) and increased to 98.55 (
SD
= 3.24) for children aged 7;0–7;11. Overall, singleton consonants were more likely to be accurate than consonant clusters. The earliest consonants to be acquired were /m, n, p, t, j, h/ in word-initial position and /f, l/ within words. The last consonants to be acquired were /x, r, r̥, s, θ, n̥/, and consonant clusters in word-initial /sv-, stl-, str-, skr-, θr-/, within-word /-ðr-, -tl-/, and word-final /-kl̥, -xt/ contexts. Within-word phonemes were more often accurate than those in word-initial position, with word-final position the least accurate. Accuracy of production was significantly related to increasing age, but not sex.

Conclusions

This is the first comprehensive study of consonants and consonant cluster acquisition by typically developing Icelandic-speaking children. The findings align with trends for other Germanic languages; however, there are notable language-specific differences of clinical importance.
“Everyone Deserves AAC”: Preliminary Study of the Experiences of Speaking Autistic Adults Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Donaldson Amy L. , corbin endever* , McCoy Jamie
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Autistic adults use a variety of communication methods, including both speech and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC); however, there has been limited, if any, academic research in this area. The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of speaking autistic adults who use AAC.

Method

Using a participatory research method, we completed an online survey that included five demographic questions and 29 open-ended questions related to communication choice, communication access, attitudes, and recommendations. Six autistic adults who use AAC participated. The data were analyzed with thematic analysis using an inductive approach at the semantic level.

Results

Participants reported identifying AAC as a communication choice as adults, after using speech during childhood. They described how forced communication choices have greatly impacted their lives, both historically and today, and reported on the successes they experience when communication autonomy is promoted within a supportive environment. Participants further described what impacts their in-the-moment decision making related to use of different communication methods. Finally, they discussed the importance of normalizing AAC use and disability in general and provided recommendations for other AAC users, families, and professionals.

Conclusions

Historically, AAC intervention was considered a “last resort” for children who did not develop functional speech. Speaking autistic adults encourage families, professionals, and society to promote and accept all communication as equal—ensuring opportunities for all children to develop full and rich communication without delay and without stigma.
The development of simulator testing for total knee replacements
Authors: Maag Chase , Metcalfe Amber , Cracaoanu Ioan , Wise Casey , Auger Daniel D.
Published: April 2021

Professor Duncan Dowson was a pioneer in the field of tribology and simulator design. His work sparked many branches of research across orthopaedics. The first knee simulator described by Dowson was intended to measure the wear performance of early total knee replacements (TKRs). The industry has since advanced to achieve simulator designs with significant improvements including multi‐station, multi‐axis, multi‐control, and multi‐environmental capabilities. These simulators are used to test and compare not only wear, but also the kinematic/kinetic behaviour of TKRs and many other TKR design interactions prior to implantation. This has led to changes to the design of TKRs ranging from improvements to the tibial insert to the femoral component; all, in some way, thanks to Professor Duncan Dowson's inquisitive nature. This article provides a selective review to show the interdependencies of research and development endeavours starting with the evolution of knee simulators, the many advances in TKRs and finally the interconnection with cadaveric motion simulators.
Several rough set models in quotient space
Authors: Zhao Huanmin , Ma Liwen
Published: April 2021

In order to deal with coarse‐grained and multi‐grained calculation problems, as well as granularity transformation problems in information system, quotient space theory is introduced in rough set theory. The main idea of this research is to try to maintain the important properties of the original space into the quotient space. Aimed to preserve the micro properties and the macro properties, two pairs of approximation operators on the quotient space are defined. When it comes to the composite of quotient spaces, the idea of these operators shows greater advantages. Examples are cited to illustrate possible applications of these operators, and their matrix representations are also given to make the calculations easy. Finally, all approximation operators on the quotient space involved so far are compared and their relationships are shown through a diagram.
Planning and operation of EV charging stations by chicken swarm optimization driven heuristics
Authors: Sachan Sulabh , Deb Sanchari , Singh Sri Niwas , Singh Pravin Prakash , Sharma Desh Deepak
Published: April 2021

Successful deployment of electric vehicles demands for establishment of simple reachable charging stations (CSs). Scheduling and action of CSs is a composite problem and that should not affect the smooth operation of the power grid. The present paper attempts to solve the planning and operation of CSs by a novel chicken swarm optimization‐based heuristics. The placement of CS is modelled in a multi‐objective framework as cost‐effective parameters secures the operation of the power grid. Further, the operation of CSs is examined for three scenarios such as uncoordinated charging, coordinated charging, as well as bidirectional vehicle to grid. The proposed approach is tested on IEEE 33‐bus, and on a distribution network of Guwahati, India.
Influence of N2 pressure on surface discharge characteristics of PEEK under positive repetitive square voltage
Authors: Li Ye , Li Xuebao , Meng Wei , Zhao Zhibin , Cui Xiang
Published: April 2021

PEEK (polyetheretherketone) and N2 are used in the packaging of high‐voltage power electronics as the frame material and insulation gas, respectively. The surface discharge behaviours of PEEK in N2 under positive repetitive square voltage are the main concerns for the packaging insulation design. However, the influence of N2 pressure on discharge characteristics and mechanisms has not been investigated. Herein, the optical images of streamer propagation and surface discharge current pulses of PEEK in N2 with different pressures are obtained under positive repetitive square voltage. The effects of different N2 pressures on the surface discharge initial voltage (SDIV), pulse parameters of discharge current, time lag of discharge and streamer propagation length are analysed in detail. The effects of N2 pressure on the memory effects of residual charges during surface discharge, effective ionisation rate and electron desorption rate are revealed. Furthermore, the time lag theory is used to analyse the influence of N2 pressure on the time lag of forward and backward discharge. The effects of N2 pressure on pulse parameters of discharge current, surface discharge initial voltage and streamer propagation length are also explained on the basis of the process of surface charges accumulation under different N2 pressures. The presented results can provide guidance for the packaging of press pack IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) and reveal the surface discharge mechanism with different N2 pressures under positive repetitive square voltage.
First‐mode of negative streamers: Inception at liquid/solid interfaces
Authors: Ariza David , Beroual Abderrahmane , Methling Ralf , Gortschakow Sergey , Chamorro Harold R.
Published: April 2021

An experimental study of the inception of the first‐mode negative streamer at liquid/solid interfaces is presented in this article. The study is performed with a point‐plane configuration under square high voltage pulses. The electrode configuration is immersed in mineral oil and the liquid/solid interface is assembled in contact with the point electrode or in its vicinity. Four polymers and two impregnated papers have been tested as solids of the liquid/solid interface. Thus, it is possible to compare the influence of different parameter of the solid and the interface on the streamer inception. For example: Permittivity, solid surface roughness, chemical composition, etc. It has been observed that streamer inception voltages at interfaces with solids of higher permittivity to that of the mineral oil are statistically similar. Additionally, streamer inception voltages of streamer initiated free in the oil (no liquid/solid interface) are similar to that of the inception voltage of cases with solids with high permittivity. In contrast, the inception voltage of streamers initiated at permittivity matched interfaces are shown to be highest of the cases. The streamer inception voltage is also studied for different distances between the liquid/solid interface and the point electrode with a permittivity matched interface. The results show a dependency of the inception voltage and the distance between the point electrode and the interface. Finally, an analysis of the observation is performed to show that the Townsend‐Meek criterion cannot predict the obtained results.
Experimental validation of direction of arrival estimation for high chirp‐rate linear frequency modulated radar signals
Authors: Mulinde Ronald , Attygalle Manik , Aziz Syed Mahfuzul
Published: April 2021

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for signals with large time‐bandwidth products is very important in modern communication and radar systems. Traditional narrowband DOA estimation algorithms are not accurate for such wideband signals. Further complexities arise with non‐stationary signals, for example, high chirp‐rate linear frequency modulated (LFM). These complexities imply that achieving real‐time performance with good DOA estimation accuracy is a challenge. This article uses experimentally acquired data on high chirp‐rate LFM signals to validate a channelised version of MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) for DOA estimation. This technique eliminates pre‐processing and incoherently combines spatial pseudospectra from individual frequency channels to obtain a single accurate estimate and has much less computational complexity compared to coherent techniques. LFM signals of up to 500 MHz bandwidth and chirp rates of up to 50 MHz/μs have been used in the investigations and results show accurate DOA estimation at low SNR (0 dB). This technique is suitable for even wider operational bandwidths and low latency implementations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time DOA estimation for such high chirp‐rate LFM signals has been validated using real experimental data which is also corroborated with validation using synthetic data.
Research on main‐lobe deceptive jamming against FDA‐MIMO radar
Authors: Zhao Yingjian , Tian Bo , Wang Chunyang , Gong Jian , Tan Ming , Zhou Changlin
Published: April 2021

A multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar with frequency diverse array (FDA) produces a range‐angle‐dependent steering vector, which can suppress the deceptive jamming in joint range‐angle domain. This in turn complicates the task of radar jamming. With the emergence and development of digital radio frequency memory (DRFM), radar electronic jamming technique has entered the age of coherent jamming. Based on the analysis of the superiority of the FDA‐MIMO radar in cancelling the deceptive jammers, a novel range gate pull‐off method via DRFM against FDA‐MIMO radar is proposed. Compared with the traditional deceptive jamming methods, the proposed method cannot be suppressed due to the mismatch in range. In particular, even the anti‐jamming methods based on power domain cease to be effective. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme in jamming the tracking performance of the FDA‐MIMO radar is demonstrated via computer simulations.