bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elovanoids, a Novel Class of Lipid Mediators, Are Neuroprotective in a Traumatic Brain Injury Model in Rats
Authors: Bazan Nicolas G. , Obenaus Andre , Khoutorova Larissa , Mukherjee Pranab K. , Jun Bokkyoo , Semikov Rostyslav , Belayev Ludmila
Published: November 2024

Background: In the United States, traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes significantly to mortality and morbidity. Elovanoids (ELVs), a novel class of homeostatic lipid mediators we recently discovered and characterized, have demonstrated neuroprotection in experimental stroke models but have never been tested after TBI. Methods: A moderate fluid-percussion injury (FPI) model was used on male rats that were treated with ELVs by intravenous (IV) or intranasal (IN) delivery. In addition, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we examined whether ELVs could be detected in brain tissue after IN delivery. Results: ELVs administered intravenously 1 h after FPI improved behavior on days 2, 3, 7, and 14 by 20, 23, 31, and 34%, respectively, and preserved hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) volume loss compared to the vehicle. Whole-brain tractography revealed that ELV-IV treatment increased corpus callosum white matter fibers at the injury site. In comparison to treatment with saline on days 2, 3, 7, and 14, ELVs administered intranasally at 1 h and 24 h after FPI showed improved neurological scores by 37, 45, 41, and 41%. T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) abnormalities, such as enlarged ventricles and cortical thinning, were reduced in rats treated by ELV-IN delivery compared to the vehicle. On day 3, ELVs were detected in the striatum and ipsilateral cortex of ELV-IN-treated rats. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that both ELV-IN and ELV-IV administration offer high-grade neuroprotection that can be selectively supplied to the brain. This discovery may lead to innovative therapeutic targets for secondary injury cascade prevention following TBI.
Hepatitis B Virus-Induced Resistance to Sorafenib and Lenvatinib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: Implications for Cell Viability and Signaling Pathways
Authors: Esmael Narmen , Lubin Ido , Tur-Kaspa Ran , Zemel Romy
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Sorafenib and lenvatinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors used in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. This study investigates how hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects their efficacy in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Methods: HepG2 and HBV-infected HepG2/2215 cells were treated with varying concentrations of both drugs. The cell viability, cell cycle gene expression, cycle progression, and phosphorylation levels of ERK and AKT were analyzed. Results: The HBV-infected cells showed significant alterations in their cell cycle gene expressions, with an 80-fold increase in CCND2 expression and a higher proportion of cells in the G2/M phase, indicating enhanced proliferation. While both drugs decreased HepG2 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, HBV infection conferred resistance, as evidenced by the increased viable cells in the HepG2/2215 cultures. Sorafenib and lenvatinib decreased key cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase expressions in uninfected cells, with less effect on the HBV-infected cells. Both drugs lowered the pERK and pAKT levels in the HepG2 cells. In the HBV-infected cells, sorafenib reduced the pERK and pAKT levels to a lesser extent. However, treatment with lenvatinib elevated the levels of pERK and pAKT. Conclusions: In conclusion, HBV infection increases resistance to both sorafenib and lenvatinib in hepatoma cells by influencing the cell cycle regulatory genes and critical signaling pathways. However, the resistance mechanisms likely differ between the two medications.
Enhancing Tumor Targeted Therapy: The Role of iRGD Peptide in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Nikitovic Dragana , Kukovyakina Ekaterina , Berdiaki Aikaterini , Tzanakakis Alexandros , Luss Anna , Vlaskina Elizaveta , Yagolovich Anne , Tsatsakis Aristides , Kuskov Andrey
Published: November 2024

Chemotherapy remains the primary therapeutic approach in treating cancer. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the complex network surrounding tumor cells, comprising various cell types, such as immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, as well as ECM components, blood vessels, and signaling molecules. The often stiff and dense network of the TME interacts dynamically with tumor cells, influencing cancer growth, immune response, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. The effectiveness of the treatment of solid tumors is frequently reduced due to the poor penetration of the drug, which leads to attaining concentrations below the therapeutic levels at the site. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) present a promising approach that improves the internalization of therapeutic agents. CPPs, which are short amino acid sequences, exhibit a high ability to pass cell membranes, enabling them to deliver drugs efficiently with minimal toxicity. Specifically, the iRGD peptide, a member of CPPs, is notable for its capacity to deeply penetrate tumor tissues by binding simultaneously integrins ανβ3/ανβ5 and neuropilin receptors. Indeed, ανβ3/ανβ5 integrins are characteristically expressed by tumor cells, which allows the iRGD peptide to home onto tumor cells. Notably, the respective dual-receptor targeting mechanism considerably increases the permeability of blood vessels in tumors, enabling an efficient delivery of co-administered drugs or nanoparticles into the tumor mass. Therefore, the iRGD peptide facilitates deeper drug penetration and improves the efficacy of co-administered therapies. Distinctively, we will focus on the iRGD mechanism of action, drug delivery systems and their application, and deliberate future perspectives in developing iRGD-conjugated therapeutics. In summary, this review discusses the potential of iRGD in overcoming barriers to drug delivery in cancer to maximize treatment efficiency while minimizing side effects.
Fabrication of Multifunctional Green-Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Rumex vesicarius L. Leaves for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Alterary Seham S. , Aldalbahi Ali , Aldawish Raneem , Awad Manal A. , Ali Alshehri Hind , Ali Alqahtani Zainah , Alshathri Reem Hamad , Aldosari Noura S. , Aldwihi Leen Abdullah , Mohsen Alsaggaf Shorouq , Shuqiran Khulood Ibrahim Bin , B. Alammari Raghad , Ibrahim Alabdullah Bushra , Abdullah Aljaser Hissah , Alzahly Shaykha
Published: November 2024

Recently, the use of plant extracts has emerged as an innovative approach for the production of various nanoparticles. Enhancing green methods for synthesizing copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) is a key focus in the field of nanotechnology. This study presents a novel and eco-friendly synthesis of CuO NPs using Rumex vesicarius L. leaf extracts, offering a cost-effective and efficient method. The synthesized CuO NPs were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells, as well as their photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities. The morphology, size, and structural properties of the CuO NPs were characterized using various analytical techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the pure crystalline structure of the CuO NPs with a size of 19 nm, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed particle sizes ranging from 5 to 200 nm. The photocatalytic performance of the CuO NPs was assessed through the photodegradation of crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) dyes under UV light. The NPs exhibited excellent decolorization efficiency, effectively degrading dyes in aqueous solutions under irradiation. Furthermore, the green-synthesized CuO NPs displayed strong antibacterial and antifungal activities against a variety of human pathogens. They also demonstrated significant dose-dependent cytotoxicity against the HeLa cancer cell line, with an IC50 value of 8 ± 0.54 μg/mL.
Study on the Effect of Lignin Removal Rate on the Dielectric Properties of Delignified Materials
Authors: Xu Hui , Qiu Fengqi , Han Weishuai , Xue Zhenhua
Published: November 2024

To investigate the relationship between the lignin removal rate change of wood and its dielectric properties, this study employed Mongolian Scotch Pine and Paulownia as the test materials. The acidic sodium chlorite method was used to delignify the treated material, and the lignin removal rate was determined at a specified reaction time interval to ascertain the dielectric constant and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle. The findings revealed that: As the delignification process progresses, the lignin content declines, accompanied by a reduction in the dielectric constant at elevated frequencies. This decline reaches a plateau near 10 MHz. The results demonstrated that the dielectric constant of the samples decreased with an increase in frequency and exhibited a stabilizing effect near 10 MHz. However, the dielectric constant of delignified wood was significantly higher than that of untreated wood. Additionally, the dielectric constant exhibited a linear relationship with the increase in lignin removal rate, while the tangent of the dielectric loss angle demonstrated a tendency to increase and then decrease. An investigation into the dielectric properties of delignified wood can yield valuable data and a theoretical foundation for the development of wood-based dielectric materials.
Investigations of the Interface Design of Polyetheretherketone Filament Yarn Considering Plasma Torch Treatment
Authors: Onggar Toty , Frankenbach Leopold Alexander , Cherif Chokri
Published: November 2024

Taking advantage of its high-temperature resistance and elongation properties, conductive-coated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) filament yarn can be used as a textile-based electroconductive functional element, in particular as a strain sensor. This study describes the development of electrical conductivity on an inert PEEK filament surface by the deposition of metallic nickel (Ni) layers via an electroless galvanic plating process. To enhance the adhesion properties of the nickel layer, both PEEK multifilament and monofilament yarn surfaces were metalized by plasma torch pretreatment, followed by nickel plating. Electrical characterizations indicate the potential of nickel-coated PEEK for structural monitoring in textile-reinforced composites. In addition, surface energy measurements before and after plasma torch pretreatment, surface morphology, nickel layer thickness, chemical structure changes, and mechanical properties were analyzed and compared with untreated PEEK. The thickness of the Ni layer was measured and showed an average thickness of 1.25 µm for the multifilament yarn and 3.36 µm for the monofilament yarn. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of new functional groups on the PEEK surface after plasma torch pretreatment, indicating a successful modification of the surface chemistry. Mechanical testing showed an increase in tensile strength after plasma torch pretreatment but a decrease after nickel plating. In conclusion, this study successfully developed conductive PEEK yarns through plasma torch pretreatment and nickel plating.
High-Pressure Monosulfide Solid Solution FexNi1−xS Phases: X-Ray Diffraction Analysis and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Spivak Anna V. , Sharapova Ninel Yu. , Setkova Tatiana V. , Bobrov Andrey V. , Korepanov Vitaliy I. , Iskrina Anastasia V. , Zakharchenko Egor S. , Voronin Mikhail V. , Drozhzhina Natalia A.
Published: November 2024

High-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) crystalline monosulfide solid solution (Mss) phases (FexNi1−xS, x = 0.90, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25), troilite (FeS I), and α-NiS of the Fe-Ni-S system were synthesized at 7 GPa and 900–1550 °C. The structural parameters of the obtained phases were refined by XRD using the Rietveld method. Factor group analysis revealed the number of active Raman modes for FeS I and α-NiS. Raman spectra of troilite, α-NiS, and Mss phases were obtained. It was shown that the Raman spectra of Mss phases and α-NiS have a similar topology. The Raman spectra of the experimental phases in the Fe-Ni-S system were analyzed with non-negative matrix factorization, which provided a meaningful concentration dependence of the spectral patterns. The spectral components were assigned to the FeS I and α-NiS structures. The structural and spectroscopic studies show linear dependencies of unit cell parameters and spectral components on composition and confirm the existence of a series of monosulfide solid solution FexNi1−xS.
In Situ Synthesis of NPC-Cu2O/CuO/rGO Composite via Dealloying and Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Technique
Authors: Nicolaescu Mircea , Ambrus Sebastian , Hididis Petru , Morariu (Popescu) Mina , Hulka Iosif , Orha Corina , Lazau Carmen , Codrean Cosmin , Bandas Cornelia
Published: November 2024

The nanoporous copper (NPC)-copper oxides (Cu2O/CuO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite structure was synthesized by combining the dealloying process of Cu48Zr47Al5 amorphous ribbons with a microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique at a temperature of 200 °C. The main advantage of the microwave-assisted hydrothermal process is the oxidation of nanoporous copper together with the in situ reduction of graphene oxide to form rGO. The integration of rGO with NPC improves electrical conductivity and streamlines the process of electron transfer. This composite exhibit considerable potential in electrochemical catalysis application, due to the combined catalytic activity of NPC and the chemical reactivity of rGO. Our study relates the transition to n-type rGO in microwave-assisted hydrothermal reactions, and also the development of an electrode material suitable for electrochemical applications based on the p-p-n junction NPC-Cu2O/CuO/rGO heterostructure. To confirm the formation of the composite structure, structural, morphological, and optical techniques as XRD, SEM/EDX, UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy were used. The composite’s electrochemical properties were measured by EIS and Mott-Schottky analyses, showing a charge transfer resistance (Rp) of 250 Ω and indicating the type of the semiconductor properties. The calculated carrier densities of 4.2 × 1018 cm−3 confirms n-type semiconductor characteristic for rGO, and 7.22 × 1018 cm−3 for Cu2O/CuO indicating p-type characteristic.
The VNF Cybersecurity Dataset for Research (VNFCYBERDATA)
Authors: Ayodele Believe , Buttigieg Victor
Published: November 2024

Virtualisation has received widespread adoption and deployment across a wide range of enterprises and industries throughout the years. Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) is a technical concept that presents a method for dynamically delivering virtualised network functions as virtualised or software components. Virtualised Network Function (VNF) has distinct advantages, but it also faces serious security challenges. Cyberattacks such as Denial of Service (DoS), malware/rootkit injection, port scanning, and so on can target VNF appliances just like any other network infrastructure. To create exceptional training exercises for machine or deep learning (ML/DL) models to combat cyberattacks in VNF, a suitable dataset (VNFCYBERDATA) exhibiting an actual reflection, or one that is reasonably close to an actual reflection, of the problem that the ML/DL model could address is required. This article describes a real VNF dataset that contains over seven million data points and twenty-five cyberattacks generated from five VNF appliances. To facilitate a realistic examination of VNF traffic, the dataset includes both benign and malicious traffic.
The Dynamics of Diabetes Disclosure in the Workplace
Authors: Markou Niki , Papakonstantinou Doxa
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Individuals with diabetes often experience discrimination and barriers at work and are confronted with the challenge of deciding whether to disclose their health status in their workplace. This study explores the disclosure of diabetes in the workplace. The research was based on a previously developed questionnaire. Methods: Two hundred and five persons with diabetes who were employed in Greece participated in the research. Results: The majority of the participants chose to disclose. Demographic characteristics influenced their disclosure decision, with the diabetes type and the employment sector showing a more significant impact. The majority of the participants showed a strong preference for early disclosure. Conclusions: The main reasons for disclosure were the belief that there was no reason to conceal it and the need to know in an emergency. In contrast, the main reasons for concealment were the fear of being fired or not being hired, the belief that disclosure was unnecessary, and concerns about being treated differently. The present research brings to light the reality of employed people with diabetes in Greece. Future research could focus on a deeper understanding of the disclosure issues of people with diabetes and other non-visible disabilities.
The Role of Immunohistochemistry as a Surrogate Marker in Molecular Subtyping and Classification of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Cano Barbadilla Tatiana , Álvarez Pérez Martina , Prieto Cuadra Juan Daniel , Dawid de Vera Mª Teresa , Alberca-del Arco Fernando , García Muñoz Isabel , Santos-Pérez de la Blanca Rocío , Herrera-Imbroda Bernardo , Matas-Rico Elisa , Hierro Martín Mª Isabel
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Bladder cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, presenting clinical challenges, particularly in predicting patient outcomes and selecting effective treatments. Molecular subtyping has emerged as an essential tool for understanding the biological diversity of BC; however, its implementation in clinical practice remains limited due to the high costs and complexity of genomic techniques. This review examines the role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a surrogate marker for molecular subtyping in BC, highlighting its potential to bridge the gap between advanced molecular classifications and routine clinical application; Methods: We explore the evolution of taxonomic classification in BC, with a particular focus on cytokeratin (KRT) expression patterns in normal urothelium, which are key to identifying basal and luminal subtypes. Furthermore, we emphasise the need for consensus on IHC markers to reliably define these subtypes, facilitating wider and standardised clinical use. The review also analyses the application of IHC in both muscle-invasive (MIBC) and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), with particular attention to the less extensively studied NMIBC cases. We discuss the practical advantages of IHC for subtyping, including its cost effectiveness and feasibility in standard pathology laboratories, alongside ongoing challenges such as the requirement for standardised protocols and external validation across diverse clinical settings; Conclusions: While IHC has limitations, it offers a viable alternative for laboratories lacking access to advanced molecular techniques. Further research is required to determine the optimal combination of markers, establish a consensus diagnostic algorithm, and validate IHC through large-scale trials. This will ultimately enhance diagnostic accuracy, guide treatment decisions, and improve patient outcomes.
Analysis of Gender Issues in Computational Thinking Approach in Science and Mathematics Learning in Higher Education
Authors: De la Hoz Serrano Alejandro , Melo Niño Lina Viviana , Álvarez Murillo Andrés , Martín Tardío Miguel Ángel , Cañada Cañada Florentina , Cubero Juánez Javier
Published: November 2024

In the contemporary era, Computational Thinking has emerged as a crucial skill for individuals to possess in order to thrive in the 21st century. In this context, there is a need to develop a methodology for cultivating these skills within a science and mathematics content education framework, particularly among pre-service teachers. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Educational Robotics on the development of Computational Thinking skills, with a particular focus on the role of gender, through a scientific and mathematical content teaching approach. A pre-experimental design with a quantitative approach was employed, and it was implemented with a total of 116 pre-service teachers, 38 males and 78 females. The results demonstrated a notable enhancement between the pre-test (8.11) and post-test (9.63) scores, emphasising specific concepts such as simple functions, while, and compound conditional. With respect to gender, statistically significant differences were identified prior to the intervention, but not following its implementation. The high level of Computational Thinking exhibited by both genders was comparable (53.85% in females and 55.26% in males) following the intervention. This indicates that the intervention is a promising approach for enhancing Computational Thinking proficiency, independent of gender and initial proficiency levels. The implementation of Educational Robotics in the teaching of science and mathematics enables the enhancement of Computational Thinking abilities among pre-service teachers, while reducing the observed gender disparity in this area of skill development.
An MPC-DCM Control Method for a Forward-Bending Biped Robot Based on Force and Moment Control
Authors: Wei Zhongshan , Deng Wenyan , Feng Zhengyong , Wang Tao , Huang Xinxiang
Published: November 2024

For a forward-bending biped robot with 10 degrees of freedom on its legs, a new control framework of MPC-DCM based on force and moment is proposed in this paper. Specifically, the Diverging Component of Motion (DCM) is a stability criterion for biped robots based on linear inverted pendulum, and Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an optimization solution strategy using rolling optimization. In this paper, DCM theory is applied to the state transition matrix of the system, combined with simplified rigid body dynamics, the mathematical description of the biped robot system is established, the classical MPC method is used to optimize the control input, and DCM constraints are added to the constraints of MPC, making the real-time DCM approximate to a straight line in the walking single gait. At the same time, the linear angle and friction cone constraints are considered to enhance the stability of the robot during walking. In this paper, MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate the robot. Under the control of this algorithm, the robot can reach a walking speed of 0.75 m/s and has a certain anti-disturbance ability and ground adaptability. In this paper, the Model-H16 robot is used to deploy the physical algorithm, and the linear walking and obstacle walking of the physical robot are realized.
Research on Target Hybrid Recognition and Localization Methods Based on an Industrial Camera and a Depth Camera in Complex Scenes
Authors: Yuan Mingxin , Li Jie , Cao Borui , Bao Shihao , Sun Li , Li Xiangbin
Published: November 2024

In order to improve the target visual recognition and localization accuracy of robotic arms in complex scenes with similar targets, hybrid recognition and localization methods based on an industrial camera and depth camera are proposed. First, according to the speed and accuracy requirements of target recognition and localization, YOLOv5s is introduced as the basic algorithm model for target hybrid recognition and localization. Then, in order to improve the accuracy of target recognition and coarse localization based on an industrial camera (eye-to-hand), the AFPN feature fusion module, simple and parameter-free attention module (SimAM), and soft non-maximum suppression (Soft NMS) are introduced. In order to improve the accuracy of target recognition and fine localization based on a depth camera (eye-in-hand), the SENetV2 backbone network structure, dynamic head module, deformable attention mechanism, and chain-of-thought prompted adaptive enhancer network are introduced. After that, on the basis of constructing a dual camera platform for target hybrid recognition and localization, the hand–eye calibration, collection and production of image datasets required for model training are completed. Finally, for the docking of the oil filling port, the hybrid recognition and localization experimental tests are completed in sequence. The test results show that in target recognition and coarse localization based on the industrial camera, the recognition accuracy of the designed model reaches 99%, and the average localization errors in the horizontal and vertical directions are 2.22 mm and 3.66 mm, respectively. In target recognition and fine localization based on the depth camera, the recognition accuracy of the designed model reaches 98%, and the average errors in depth, horizontal, and vertical directions are 0.12 mm, 0.28 mm, and 0.16 mm, respectively. These not only verify the effectiveness of the target hybrid recognition and localization methods based on dual cameras, but also demonstrate that they meet the high-precision recognition and localization requirements in complex scenes.
The Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on the Viscosity and Surface Tension of Heat Transfer Fluids—A Review Paper
Authors: Khoswan Ibrahim , Abusafa Abdelrahim , Odeh Saad
Published: November 2024

The connection between surface tension and viscosity has been the subject of several pieces of research on nanofluids. Researchers have discovered differing relationships between these two suspension qualities in the literature. Surface tension and viscosity have been found to be correlated in certain research works but not in other. The behavior of these fluids may be influenced by several factors, including temperature, the presence of surfactants, and the functional groups on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This study investigates the relationship between surface tension and viscosity in CNT-Nanofluids by reviewing earlier research on the impact of CNT addition on water’s intermolecular interactions. The findings show that depending on different aspects of the nanofluids, the connection is complicated and uncertain. The study shows that although temperature and the addition of carbon nanotubes affect both surface tension and viscosity, other studies only consider how these factors affect one of these qualities. We conclude that under certain heat transfer circumstances, there is no clear-cut relationship between surface tension and viscosity in CNT–water fluids.
Climate Sensitivity and Tree Growth Patterns in Subalpine Spruce-Dominated Forests of the North-Western Dinaric Alps
Authors: Orešković Marko , Trlin Domagoj , Anić Igor , Oršanić Milan , Prša Luka , Mikac Stjepan
Published: November 2024

The mountain forests in Europe, especially the ecosystems dominated by Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst], are facing major challenges due to climate change. Climatic stress factors such as increased temperatures and drought contribute to reduced growth and increased mortality, especially at lower altitudes. In this study, which was conducted in the northern Velebit region, the growth dynamics and climate sensitivity of Norway spruce were analyzed using standard dendrochronological methods. The focus was on samples collected at altitudes between 1135 and 1545 m. The results show two different growth trends: a positive trend from 1950 to 1977, followed by a negative trend from 1977 to 2013. Precipitation proved to be a key factor for the stability of spruce growth, while the high summer temperatures of the previous year correlated negatively with growth increment. In addition, trees at higher altitudes showed greater resistance to climatic stress. These results underline the crucial role of precipitation and site-specific conditions in maintaining the vitality of spruce forests in mountainous regions, and suggest that climate change could further destabilize spruce ecosystems in the Dinaric Alps.
Physicochemical Characterization of Polysaccharide–Protein Carriers with Immobilized Yeast Cells Obtained Using the Freeze-Drying Technique
Authors: Obradović Nataša , Balanč Bojana , Salević-Jelić Ana , Volić Mina , Đorđević Verica , Pešić Mirjana , Nedović Viktor
Published: November 2024

New techniques for the immobilization of yeast cells have the potential for enhancement of the beer production process. Alongside conventional materials for cell immobilization, there is a rising trend toward polysaccharide–protein systems. This study focused on the immobilization of yeast cells (Saccharomyces pastorianus) via a freeze-drying process. The whey protein isolate, sodium alginate, maltodextrin, inulin, and their blends were used for carrier preparation. The effect of a 1.0% inulin solution as a cryoprotectant on the viability of the yeast cells after the freeze-drying process was also analyzed. The powders were assessed for cell viability, moisture content, water activity, solubility, particle size, and surface charge. According to the results, the addition of whey proteins reduced the moisture content, while solubility did not significantly decrease. Samples containing whey protein showed slight diameter variations. The negative surface charge observed in all samples, especially the control, indicates a cell’s tendency to aggregate, demonstrated by optical microscopy. SEM micrographs showed successful cell immobilization in polysaccharide–protein carriers. Furthermore, inulin and whey protein addition enhanced cell protection during the immobilization of cells. The freeze-drying technique demonstrates efficacy in immobilization of yeast cells, indicating its potential for applications in the food and beverage industry.
Klrb1 Loss Promotes Chronic Hepatic Inflammation and Metabolic Dysregulation
Authors: Yang Shuqi , Luo Tingting , Liu Haoran , Chen Li , Wang Jinyong , Zhao Yongju , Li Xuemin , Li Haohuan , Li Mingzhou , Lu Lu
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: CD161, encoded by the KLRB1 gene, is an inhibitory receptor expresses on various immune cell and has gained attention in immune checkpoint research. In recent studies, KLRB1 has been found to be one of the potential markers of liver diseases such as cirrhosis. Therefore, it will be important to understand what process KLRB1 involved in the liver for the prevention of liver diseases. Methods: We compared KO mice with wild-type controls by routine blood analysis and RNA-seq, and additionally performed H&E staining and qPCR to validate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results:KO mice had fewer lymphocytes compared to the wild-type mice. A transcriptomic analysis showed that Klrb1 loss causes the upregulation of immune-related genes and pathways like NOD-like receptor and p53 signaling, while causing the downregulation of lipid metabolism-related genes. A protein interaction analysis indicated a potential cancer risk under chronic inflammation. Histological examination with H&E staining reveals an inflammatory response around the central venous vessels in the liver tissue of the KO mice. Conclusions: We conclude that Klrb1 knockout disrupts the immune and metabolic functions in the liver, which may possibly lead to chronic inflammation and malignancy risks. These findings highlight the role of Klrb1 in hepatic health.
Psychometric Validation of the CLN2 Quality of Life Questionnaire in Participants with CLN2 Disease Treated with Cerliponase Alfa
Authors: Due Christina , Quinn Jennifer , Gissen Paul , Schulz Angela , Specchio Nicola , de los Reyes Emily , Butt Thomas
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 Quality of Life (CLN2 QoL) questionnaire. Methods: Data from children with CLN2 disease aged 3–16 years receiving cerliponase alfa in the BMN 190-201 and BMN 190-202 clinical studies, collected via purposive sampling, were used to assess convergent and divergent validity, internal consistency and reliability. The clinically important difference (CID) was estimated with distribution- and anchor-based methods. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS. Results: CLN2 QoL data of 22 participants were analysed. Ceiling effects were observed in 22 items (35% threshold); no floor effects were observed. Internal consistency analysis showed good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha and Omega reliability >0.7) for four domains at study completion; only one domain had good reliability at baseline. All domains had good test–retest reliability (correlation >0.5) except Feeding With G-Tube and Seizures. Convergent and divergent correlation analysis showed moderate-strong correlations (>0.4) between PedsQL and CLN2 QoL total scores, between the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) total score and most CLN2 QoL domains at baseline, and between CLN2 QoL total score and most PedsQL domains at week 97. Known groups validity showed a significant difference in means for the Behaviour domain (p = 0.05) for reasons that could not be clarified. CID was 6.79–12.94 for domains; total score CID was 6.91 using distribution-based and 6.13–13.05 using anchor-based methods. Conclusions: This study is the first to validate the CLN2 QoL and to estimate the CID of this instrument in CLN2 patients. Our results show good validity and reliability of this tool.
Relational “Dance” Between Mother and Moderately Preterm Infant at 6 and 9 Months of Correct Age: Possible Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: Polizzi Concetta , Iacono Isidoro Serena , Di Pasqua Maria Maddalena , Fontana Valentina , Marotta Susanna , Perricone Giovanna , Spagnuolo Lobb Margherita
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This study explores the characteristics of the early mother–infant relationship in a sample of 30 mother–preterm infant dyads between 6 and 9 months, using a phenomenological observational tool called “Dance Steps”. This tool examines the configuration and reciprocity of mother–infant interactions. The study also investigates how sociodemographic factors and maternal functioning variables, such as postnatal depression and perceived social support, may serve as risk or protective factors in the development of these interaction “Steps”. Methods: Observations were conducted through video recordings of face-to-face caregiver–infant interactions during unstructured play sessions at neonatal follow-up visits. The data focused on identifying specific characteristics of reciprocity in the “dance steps”. Results: The results reveal certain features of reciprocity are stable over time, demonstrating synchronicity and attunement in many of the “dance steps”. Other “steps” evolve in response to the child’s developing competence. Sociodemographic factors, particularly the mother’s educational level and the infant’s sex, significantly influence the “Dance”. Postnatal depression negatively affected reciprocity in several steps, especially impacting the infant, whereas perceived social support had a lesser effect. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of supporting mothers of preterm infants to adjust their interactions in ways that promote the child’s developmental competence. This support is essential for fostering physical and emotional closeness during critical developmental transitions.
Standard Gum Elastic Bougie Versus Flexible Tip Bougie: Evaluation of Airway Adjuncts for Intubation by Paramedics in Entrapped Manikins with Difficult Airway Access—A Randomised, Controlled Trial
Authors: Aleksandrowicz Dawid , Ratajczyk Paweł
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Airway management in pre-hospital settings is often challenging and difficult to perform. This is particularly true during tracheal intubation of entrapped patients with difficult airway access. There are various airway adjuncts available in the current practice. Their aim is to facilitate tracheal intubation. One of the recently introduced devices is the flexible tip bougie. The aim of this study was to evaluate the flexible tip bougie for intubation in a simulated condition of an entrapped trauma patient with simultaneous cervical spine immobilisation. Methods: An intubation manikin with the cervical collar on was placed on and secured to the driver’s seat of a passenger car. The car was then positioned on its left side. The first attempt success rate as well as the intubation and successful ventilation time were recorded. The ease of use by the operator and user-friendliness were also assessed. Results: The standard gum elastic bougie required the shortest mean intubation to successful ventilation time, 38.4 s (±9.6) vs. 41.4 s (±6.8), p = 0.46. The first attempt success rate was higher in the standard gum elastic bougie group, 92% vs. 88%, p = 0.04. There were no failed intubations when the standard gum elastic bougie was used. The flexible tip bougie was found to be more difficult to use and less user-friendly, 7.6 (±1.5) vs. 5.8 (±2.9), p = 0.02. Conclusions: The standard gum elastic bougie was superior in terms of the first attempt success and the time required for intubation and successful ventilation. Moreover, it was found to be easier to use and more user-friendly.
Analysis of Decoupling Effects and Influence Factors in Transportation: Evidence from Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Bi Hualing , Zhang Shiying , Lu Fuqiang
Published: November 2024

In recent years, global environmental issues have become increasingly prominent. The transportation industry, as the fundamental sector of national economic development, is also characterized by high energy consumption and carbon emissions. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct research on the carbon emission problem within this industry. In light of the Tapio decoupling model, an analysis of the correlation between traffic carbon emissions and economic development in Guangdong province during 1999–2019 was carried out. With the aim of encouraging Guangdong province’s low-carbon transportation development, the factors affecting the transportation industry are analyzed utilizing the generalized Divisia index model (GDIM). We also introduced passenger and freight turnover as an influencing factor for analysis. The findings indicate that (1) Guangdong province’s traffic carbon emissions increased from 1999 to 2019; (2) the traffic carbon emissions’ decoupling effect is mainly “weakly decoupled”, and the overall decoupling effect is not strong in Guangdong province; (3) among the traffic carbon emissions’ factors, the effects of the production value of traffic and the turnover volume are at the forefront, and the effect of turnover volume has gradually exceeded the production value of traffic in recent years. The suppression of the intensity of carbon emissions is relatively large, while the suppression of the intensity of energy consumption and transport is relatively weak. Based on this, strategies were proposed to promote a cleaner energy mix, improve energy use efficiency, create energy savings, develop green technologies, and foster the restructuring of transportation.
Assessing Protein Surface-Based Scoring for Interpreting Genomic Variants
Authors: Dsouza Nikita R. , Haque Neshatul , Tripathi Swarnendu , Zimmermann Michael T.
Published: November 2024

Clinical genomics sequencing is rapidly expanding the number of variants that need to be functionally elucidated. Interpreting genetic variants (i.e., mutations) usually begins by identifying how they affect protein-coding sequences. Still, the three-dimensional (3D) protein molecule is rarely considered for large-scale variant analysis, nor in analyses of how proteins interact with each other and their environment. We propose a standardized approach to scoring protein surface property changes as a new dimension for functionally and mechanistically interpreting genomic variants. Further, it directs hypothesis generation for functional genomics research to learn more about the encoded protein’s function. We developed a novel method leveraging 3D structures and time-dependent simulations to score and statistically evaluate protein surface property changes. We evaluated positive controls composed of eight thermophilic versus mesophilic orthologs and variants that experimentally change the protein’s solubility, which all showed large and statistically significant differences in charge distribution (p < 0.01). We scored static 3D structures and dynamic ensembles for 43 independent variants (23 pathogenic and 20 uninterpreted) across four proteins. Focusing on the potassium ion channel, KCNK9, the average local surface potential shifts were 0.41 kBT/ec with an average p-value of 1 × 10−2. In contrast, dynamic ensemble shifts averaged 1.15 kBT/ec with an average p-value of 1 × 10−5, enabling the identification of changes far from mutated sites. This study demonstrates that an objective assessment of how mutations affect electrostatic distributions of protein surfaces can aid in interpreting genomic variants discovered through clinical genomic sequencing.
Altered Steroidome in Women with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Kancheva Radmila , Hill Martin , Velíková Marta , Kancheva Ludmila , Včelák Josef , Ampapa Radek , Židó Michal , Štětkářová Ivana , Libertínová Jana , Vosátková Michala , Kubala Havrdová Eva
Published: November 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mainly afflicting young women. Various steroids can influence the onset and development of the disease or, on the contrary, mitigate its course; however, a systematic review of steroidomic changes in MS patients is lacking. Based on the gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) platform and, in the case of estradiol, also using immunoassay, this study performed a comprehensive steroidomic analysis in 25 female MS patients aged 39(32, 49) years compared to 15 female age-matched controls aged 38(31, 46) years. A significant trend towards higher ratios of conjugated steroids to their unconjugated counterparts was found in patients, which is of particular interest in terms of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory steroid modulators of ionotropic receptors. Patients showed altered metabolic pathway to cortisol with decreased conversion of pregnenolone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone to 17-hydroxyprogesterone and increased conversion of 17-hydroxypregnenolone to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), resulting in lower levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, as well as indications of impaired conversion of 11-deoxy-steroids to 11β-hydroxy-steroids but reduced conversion of cortisol to cortisone. Due to over-activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA), however, cortisol and cortisone levels were higher in patients with indications of depleted cortisol synthesizing enzymes. Patients showed lower conversion of DHEA to androstenedione, androstenedione to testosterone, androstenedione to estradiol in the major pathway, and testosterone to estradiol in the minor pathway for estradiol synthesis at increased conversion of androstenedione to testosterone. They also showed lower conversion of immunoprotective Δ5 androstanes to their more potent 7α/β-hydroxy metabolites and had lower circulating allopregnanolone and higher ratio 3β-hydroxy-steroids to their neuroprotective 3α-hydroxy-counterparts.
Lightweight Reference-Based Video Super-Resolution Using Deformable Convolution
Authors: Miyazaki Tomo , Guo Zirui , Omachi Shinichiro
Published: November 2024

Super-resolution is a technique for generating a high-resolution image or video from a low-resolution counterpart by predicting natural and realistic texture information. It has various applications such as medical image analysis, surveillance, remote sensing, etc. However, traditional single-image super-resolution methods can lead to a blurry visual effect. Reference-based super-resolution methods have been proposed to recover detailed information accurately. In reference-based methods, a high-resolution image is also used as a reference in addition to the low-resolution input image. Reference-based methods aim at transferring high-resolution textures from the reference image to produce visually pleasing results. However, it requires texture alignment between low-resolution and reference images, which generally requires a lot of time and memory. This paper proposes a lightweight reference-based video super-resolution method using deformable convolution. The proposed method makes the reference-based super-resolution a technology that can be easily used even in environments with limited computational resources. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conducted experiments to compare the proposed method with baseline methods in two aspects: runtime and memory usage, in addition to accuracy. The experimental results showed that the proposed method restored a high-quality super-resolved image from a very low-resolution level in 0.0138 s using two NVIDIA RTX 2080 GPUs, much faster than the representative method.
Clinical Outcomes and Early Postoperative Complications in Boston Type I Keratoprosthesis Implantation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Krysik Katarzyna , Miklaszewski Piotr , Gadamer Anna Maria , Janiszewska-Bil Dominika , Lyssek-Boroń Anita , Dobrowolski Dariusz , Grabarek Beniamin Oskar , Wylęgała Edward
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical outcomes and early postoperative complications in patients undergoing Boston type I keratoprosthesis (BKPro) implantation, with a specific focus on the onset and nature of ocular surface disorders during the early postoperative period. Methods: This retrospective study included 77 eyes that underwent BKPro implantation between 2019 and March 2022. Patients were treated at the Saint Barbara Hospital, Trauma Centre, Sosnowiec, Poland, and District Railway Hospital, Katowice, Poland. Data were collected from medical records, including patient demographics, medical history, surgical outcomes, postoperative visual acuity, and complications. The analysis incorporated both detailed medical history and direct clinical examination results. Results: The most common early postoperative complication was glaucoma, affecting 32 eyes (42%). Retroprosthetic membrane formation occurred in 20 eyes (26%), while partial extrusion of the BKPro was observed in 10 eyes (13%). Severe corneal surface damage was noted in patients with underlying autoimmune diseases (36%) and after chemical burns (24%). Five patients suffered from transient hypotony resulting from keratoprosthesis extrusion. The results highlight the complex nature of managing ocular surface conditions and the frequent challenges associated with early postoperative complications. Conclusions: BKPro implantation is an effective solution for severe corneal diseases that are resistant to conventional treatments. However, it is associated with a significant risk of early complications, particularly glaucoma and retroprosthetic membrane formation. Early identification and management of these complications are crucial for improving outcomes and maintaining visual function. Further research into optimizing postoperative care is needed to minimize these risks and enhance patient outcomes.