bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome scale metabolic models and analysis for evaluating probiotic potentials
Authors: Choi Yoon-Mi , Lee Yi Qing , Song Hyun-Seob , Lee Dong-Yup
Published: July 2020

Probiotics are live beneficial microorganisms that can be consumed in the form of dairy and food products as well as dietary supplements to promote a healthy balance of gut bacteria in humans. Practically, the main challenge is to identify and select promising strains and formulate multi-strain probiotic blends with consistent efficacy which is highly dependent on individual dietary regimes, gut environments, and health conditions. Limitations of current in vivo and in vitro methods for testing probiotic strains can be overcome by in silico model guided systems biology approaches where genome scale metabolic models (GEMs) can be used to describe their cellular behaviors and metabolic states of probiotic strains under various gut environments. Here, we summarize currently available GEMs of microbial strains with probiotic potentials and propose a knowledge-based framework to evaluate metabolic capabilities on the basis of six probiotic criteria. They include metabolic characteristics, stability, safety, colonization, postbiotics, and interaction with the gut microbiome which can be assessed by in silico approaches. As such, the most suitable strains can be identified to design personalized multi-strain probiotics in the future.
Transcriptome view of a killer: African swine fever virus
Authors: Cackett Gwenny , Sýkora Michal , Werner Finn
Published: July 2020

African swine fever virus (ASFV) represents a severe threat to global agriculture with the world's domestic pig population reduced by a quarter following recent outbreaks in Europe and Asia. Like other nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses, ASFV encodes a transcription apparatus including a eukaryote-like RNA polymerase along with a combination of virus-specific, and host-related transcription factors homologous to the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TFIIB. Despite its high impact, the molecular basis and temporal regulation of ASFV transcription is not well understood. Our lab recently applied deep sequencing approaches to characterise the viral transcriptome and gene expression during early and late ASFV infection. We have characterised the viral promoter elements and termination signatures, by mapping the RNA-5′ and RNA-3′ termini at single nucleotide resolution. In this review, we discuss the emerging field of ASFV transcripts, transcription, and transcriptomics.
The structural biology of canonical Wnt signalling
Authors: Agostino Mark , Pohl Sebastian Öther-Gee
Published: July 2020

The Wnt signalling pathways are of great importance in embryonic development and oncogenesis. Canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways are known, with the canonical (or β-catenin dependent) pathway being perhaps the best studied of these. While structural knowledge of proteins and interactions involved in canonical Wnt signalling has accumulated over the past 20 years, the pace of discovery has increased in recent years, with the structures of several key proteins and assemblies in the pathway being released. In this review, we provide a brief overview of canonical Wnt signalling, followed by a comprehensive overview of currently available X-ray, NMR and cryoEM data elaborating the structures of proteins and interactions involved in canonical Wnt signalling. While the volume of structures available is considerable, numerous gaps in knowledge remain, particularly a comprehensive understanding of the assembly of large multiprotein complexes mediating key aspects of pathway, as well as understanding the structure and activation of membrane receptors in the pathway. Nonetheless, the presently available data affords considerable opportunities for structure-based drug design efforts targeting canonical Wnt signalling.
Validation of a Bilateral Simultaneous Computer-Based Tympanometer
Authors: Ramatsoma Hlologelo , Koekemoer Dirk
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of bilateral simultaneous tympanometric measurements using a tympanometer with two pneumatic systems inside circumaural ear cups.

Method

Fifty-two adults (104 ears), with a mean age of 32 years (SD= 12.39, range: 18–60 years) were included in this study. A within-subject repeated-measures design was used to compare tympanometric measurements yielded with the investigational device in unilateral and bilateral simultaneous conditions compared with an industry-standard tympanometer.

Results

No significant bias (p> .05) was found between the mean of the differences of tympanometric measurements yielded by the two devices, except for a significant bias (p< .05) of the mean of the differences for ear canal volume measurements (0.05 cm3). The Bland–Altman plots showed overall good agreement between the tympanometric measurements between the two instruments. In all 104 ears, the tympanogram types of the KUDUwave TMP were compared with the reference device. The results were highly comparable with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (95% CI [86.8%, 100%]) and 92.3% (95% CI [84.0%, 97.1%]), respectively.

Conclusions

The investigational device is a suitable instrument for unilateral or bilateral simultaneous tympanometric measurements in adults and demonstrates the potential of decentralized and accessible tympanometry services.
Macrostructural Analyses of Cinderella Narratives in a Large Nonclinical Sample
Authors: Greenslade Kathryn J. , Stuart Jade E. B. , Richardson Jessica D. , Dalton Sarah Grace , Ramage Amy E.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Macrostructural narrative analyses are important clinical measures, revealing age-related declines and disorder-related impairments in the accuracy, completeness, logical sequencing, and organization of content. The current study aims to provide preliminary data on typical aging and psychometric evidence supporting multilevel Main Concept, Sequencing, and Story Grammar (MSSG) analyses that capture these aspects of narratives.

Method

Transcripts of
Cinderella
narratives for 92 healthy control participants stratified across four age brackets from the online database AphasiaBank were coded by Richardson and Dalton (2016) for main concept (MC) analysis. In the current study, MSSG analyses were completed for (a) logical sequencing, independently and in combination with MC accuracy and completeness (MC + sequencing), and (b) story grammar organization (i.e., inclusion of episodic components and complexity of episodes). Interrater agreement (99%–100%) revealed highly reliable scoring.

Results

Descriptive statistics for the typically aging sample are presented for sequencing, MC + sequencing, total episodic components, and episodic complexity. Scores for participants over 60 years of age were lower (poorer) than scores for those 20–59 years of age, supporting the construct validity of score use for identifying age-related declines in performance.

Conclusions

This study's novel MSSG analyses of narrative production efficiently assess the logical sequencing and story grammar organization of content in healthy controls. Preliminary reliability and validity evidence support the use of all scores to measure age-related changes in narrative macrostructure. Data from this typically aging sample provide a foundation for future research and clinical assessment aimed at quantifying narrative deficits in adults with communication disorders.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12683495
The Gaia-ESO Survey: Galactic evolution of lithium at high metallicity
Authors: Randich S. , Pasquini L. , Franciosini E. , Magrini L. , Jackson R. J. , Jeffries R. D. , d’Orazi V. , Romano D. , Sanna N. , Tautvaišienė G. , Tsantaki M. , Wright N. J. , Gilmore G. , Bensby T. , Bragaglia A. , Pancino E. , Smiljanic R. , Bayo A. , Carraro G. , Gonneau A. , Hourihane A. , Morbidelli L. , Worley C. C.
Published: July 2020

Context. Reconstructing the Galactic evolution of lithium (Li) is the main tool used to constrain the source(s) of Li enrichment in the Galaxy. Recent results have suggested a decline in Li at supersolar metallicities, which may indicate reduced production.

Aims. We exploit the unique characteristics of the Gaia-ESO Survey open star cluster sample to further investigate this issue and to better constrain the evolution of Li at high metallicity.

Methods. We trace the upper envelope of Li abundance versus metallicity evolution using 18 clusters and considering members that should not have suffered any Li depletion.

Results. At variance with previous claims, we do not find any evidence of a Li decrease at high metallicity. The most metal-rich clusters in the sample ([Fe/H] = ∼0.3) actually show the highest Li abundances, with A(Li) > 3.4. Our results clearly show that previous findings, which were based on field stars, were affected by selection effects. The metal-rich population in the solar neighbourhood is composed of relatively old and cool stars that have already undergone some Li depletion; hence, their measured Li does not represent the initial interstellar medium abundance, but a lower limit to it.
On material optimisation for nonlinearly elastic plates and shells
Authors: Hornung Peter , Rumpf Martin , Simon Stefan
Published: July 2020

This paper investigates the optimal distribution of hard and soft material on elastic plates. In the class of isometric deformations stationary points of a Kirchhoff plate functional with incorporated material hardness function are investigated and a compliance cost functional is taken into account. Under symmetry assumptions on the material distribution and the load it is shown that cylindrical solutions are stationary points. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the optimal design of cylindrically deforming, clamped rectangular plates is non trivial, i.e. with a material distribution which is not just depending on one axial direction on the plate. Analytical results are complemented with numerical optimization results using a suitable finite element discretization and a phase field description of the material phases. Finally, using numerical methods an outlook on the optimal design of non isometrically deforming plates and shells is given.
Anonymous De-centralized Ephemeral Chat Application using Interplanetary File System
Authors: Khan Faraz , Mantri Niraj , Rajput Sagar , Dhakane Dhananjay , Padiya Puja
Published: July 2020

Communication is essential for human beings and we communicate globally with the means of internet every day. Internet is an interconnected mesh of networks where our data is transferred through hundreds of nodes before reaching its destination. As the intermediary network node increases, the risk of losing confidentiality and integrity is also affected. Decentralized Chat (DChat) is a chat service on the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) peer-to-peer protocol where users can communicate with ephemeral chats under any anonymous alias. The users are not aware of real identity of each other and the chats are lost from the service once the node is disconnected. The data is tamper-resistant because to alter it would change the hash and invalidate it from the network. Here we aim to develop a secure chat service that provides anonymity and ephemeral chats using cost-effective IPFS technology.
Indoor Navigation in Stadium using Virtual Reality
Authors: Khan Swaleha , Patil Ashwini , Kadam Gauri , Jadhav Ashish
Published: July 2020

Virtual Reality is a computer generated scenario that simulates a realistic experience. Current popular online maps majorly provide two-dimensional upper views of buildings. It becomes difficult to visualize the interiors of a place. Indoor navigation using VR technology addresses the problem of visualizing the interior infrastructure of huge complex buildings like stadium. This paper ‘Indoor Navigation in Stadium using Virtual Reality’ aims to provide highly realistic and immersive experience by incorporating an app that uses 360 degree images to serve the purpose. The paper explains how WebVR technology can be used effectively in order to provide a three dimensional view of the stadium with navigation functionalities to the users.
Online Payment Using Blockchain
Authors: Thanapal Karthikeya , Mehta Dhiraj , Mudaliar Karthik , Shaikh Bushra
Published: July 2020

Increasing list of records is with blockchain where each record is linked with the help of cryptography. Every block in the chain contains timestamp, transaction details and hash of a previous block, hash is cryptographic hash. This is a secured system, which we plan to replace the current online payment system. A current online payment gateway is prone to hackers where the attacker can tamper into the network, thus creating money loss. And not only this but also the transaction has to go through multiple payment systems which consumes time, also creating a risk of transaction getting failed. So, our system would be using blockchain that allows online transactions which would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution and in a secured way. This system allows online transactions between two parties based on cryptographic proof without relying and trusting for a third party. To record transactions, we use proof of work algorithm which makes computationally impractical for an attacker to change. Digital signatures provide part of the solution for ensuring the security and integrity of the data that is recorded onto a blockchain.
Hybrid Image Encryption Technique Using Genetic Algorithm and Lorenz Chaotic System
Authors: Chikkareddi Vishwanath , Ghosh Anurag , Jagtap Preksha , Joshi Sahil , Kanzaria Jeel
Published: July 2020

One of the important application of image encryption is storing confidential and important images on a local device or a database in such a way that only the authorized party can view or perceive it. The current image encryption technique employs the genetic algorithm to increase confusion in the image, but compromises in time and space complexity. The other method employs chaos or pseudo random number generating systems which have fast and highly sensitive keys but fails to make the image sufficiently noisy and is risky due to its deterministic nature. We propose a technique which employs the non-deterministic, optimizing power of genetic algorithm and the space efficiency and key sensitivity of chaotic systems into a unified, efficient algorithm which will retain the merits of both the methods whereas tries to minimize their demerits in a software system. The encryption process proceeds in two steps, generating two keys. First, an encryption sequence is generated using Lorenz Chaotic system of differential equation. The seed values used are the user’s actual key having key sensitivity of 10-14. Second, the encrypted image’s genetic encryption sequence is generated which will result in an encrypted image with entropy value greater than 7.999 thus ensuring the image is very noisy. Proposed technique uses variations of Lorenz system seed sets to generate all random mutations and candidate solutions in Genetic encryption. Since only the seed sets leading to desired solution is stored, space efficiency is higher compared to storing the entire sequences. Using this image encryption technique we will ensure that the images are hidden securely under two layers of security, one chaotic and other non-deterministic.
Violence Detection using Embedded GPU
Authors: Tharali Sagar R. , Wakchaure Gaurav S. , Shirsat Durvesh S. , Singhaniya Navin G.
Published: July 2020

Since the CCTV cameras been introduced in this world, society has started to depend heavily on the usage of this technology for the high security purposes in most of the public and private areas. It is convenient to use these CCTV footages in courts as evidence and has been beneficial many times. But these footages are given priority and checked later when the incident has already taken place and that too after some period of time and not in real-time of happening. The screening of the multiple CCTV footages on a single monitor is done with very less efficiency as the ratio of number of CCTV footages to that of number of surveillance staff is very high. Also, the human unreliable supervision due to many reasons like tiredness from physical or mental effort, worker boredom, or discontinuous observation make the surveillance more inefficient. To address the issue and automatically detect the violent scenes using surveillance cameras and Embedded GPU in real-time we have developed this project for the benefit of our society. As the alert is generated in real-time, the security can take action immediately to prevent any further damage or mishappening in the crowd. Our primary objective is to automatically differentiate between violent activities and non-violent activities through CCTV surveillance cameras and automatically display the security alert on the screen as soon as any violent activity is captured and thus ensuring the safety of our society.
An Approach To Predict Software Application Success Using Voting Ensemble Method
Authors: Rathod Sangeeta , Ugalmugle Prajakta , Waghmare Ruchita , Maktum Tabassum
Published: July 2020

Mobile app distribution platform consisting of Google play store and Apple Store gets covered with several hundreds of new apps every day with many more enthusiastic developers working independently or in a crew to make them successful. With huge competition from all over the world, it is vital for a developer to recognize if he is proceeding in the proper direction or not. It is not like making a film wherein presence of famous celebrities increase the chance of success even earlier than the movie is released, it is not the case with developing apps. Since maximum Play Store apps are free, the revenue version is pretty unknown and unavailable as to how the in-app purchases, in- app advertisements and subscriptions make a contribution to the fulfillment of an app. Thus, a software’s success is normally decided through the wide variety of installs and the star ratings that it has acquired over its lifetime in place of the sales it generated. So in order to test if the app is assembly the expectancy of human beings we need a software that will check that apps evolved are successful or not. The framework for predicting success of software application is proposed in this paper. It is a software which will provide the achievement of app/software program relying not only on number of install and star rating but will consider all the factors of an application description and customers reviews. The exploratory data analysis to jump in deeper into the Google Play Store information is performed. The relationships with specific functions inclusive of how the wide variety of phrases in an app call for instance, affect installs are used to use them to find out which apps are much more likely to succeed. Using those extracted functions and the of sentiment of customers the proposed method will predict the “success” of an application using Google Play Store Data. The algorithm applied are Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbour, Decision Tree and Random Forest. In order to improve accuracy the Voting Ensemble technique is applied in proposed method. The accuracy of various algorithm is compared to judge the performance of proposed method. Keywords : hyperplane, dataset, Support Vector Machine, Exploratory Data Analysis, voting ensemble
Identity Theft Prediction Using Game Theory
Authors: Chorghe Nikita , Jain Akshay , Mali Shraddha , Gunjgur Prathmesh
Published: July 2020

Digital devices have become an integral part of every person’s life. The range of use of these devices is increasing daily. Over the decades, the number of users has increased from thousands to millions and is still increasing. Due to the multi-functional features of digital devices, their importance is now being recognized more than ever. Initially, they were used only for calling and texting; however, nowadays, they are also being used to store relevant data such as account numbers, card numbers, credentials, private pictures, passport copies, etc. The most common form of Identity Theft attack is through stealing passwords. Once the password is stolen, user privacy is lost, and the data is compromised. Thus, a system consisting of a database that comprises of leaked passwords collected from various social sites and common passwords as a part of a dictionary attack used by hackers has been created by us. When a user enters his/her password, it runs it through the database and checks for a match. This document emphasizes on how game theory can be utilized in predicting the possibility of a successful attack and discusses essential concepts such as the various components of game theory and Nash Equilibrium.
Augmented Reality based Navigation and Recognition System
Authors: Panda Deepali , Raje Gayatri , Ket Satish
Published: July 2020

The current navigation system requires the user to continuously map with the navigation application with the real-world environment. It sometimes leads to an incorrect path due to minor difference in the distance between different paths. The identification of nearby places of unknown locality is difficult as one has to ask for information and reviews which can be misleading. Recognition of unknown people for their authenticity cannot be guaranteed as one has to rely on official documents which can be fake. This paper aims to describe the design of an application that will provide the same reality-based environment as that seen through the naked eye, but it adds visual simulation or content to provide an enhanced view to the user during navigation. We will be using Augmented reality to provide users with more information, computer-assisted decision making, and interactive learning and training. The application will combine Google’s existing Maps data with a live feed from your phone’s camera to overlay walking directions on top of the real world and help you figure out which way you need to go. Identification of near-by places and authenticity of the unknown people can be done from the data stored on the cloud and will be augmented when scanned through the camera of the phone which is the only requirement of the application. It also enables the users to navigate indoors with the help of a radar map and arrow pointing towards the points of interest. This application enables the user to navigate using the mobile phone and get the directions augmented in the real world to take accurate decisions. The user can also navigate to different points of interest- indoor as well as outdoor. It also enables the recognition of places, as well as people and the details related to the same, get augmented.
Integrity and Authenticity of Academic Documents Using Blockchain Approach
Authors: Rane Mukul , Singh Shubham , Singh Rohan , Amarsinh Vidhate
Published: July 2020

Blockchain has a strong capacity to monitor and retain educational records. The paperless future has yet to become a reality, even with the ability to digitally generate documents. Physical copy of records are still regularly printed which makes them susceptible to document fraud. Thus, the issue of fake certificates and academic records has risen drastically. In this paper, we have made a reliable verification method to avoid academic frauds. The idea presented here is developed over Hyperledger. The University or The Educational Institute is responsible for issuing the certificates, mark-sheets, transcripts, etc. and mining it over the blockchain. The student is provided with the hash number which is the reference number. This number serves the reference of the data. The Organization or the Industry Personal using the hash number checks for the integrity of the submitted document. The present study discusses about importance of block chain and it’s applicability especially for the applications like verification of Academic Records.
CROWD ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR DETECTION USING DEEP LEARNING
Authors: Sonkar Riddhi , Rathod Sadhana , Jadhav Renuka , Patil Deepali
Published: July 2020

Crowd analysis has become an extremely famous research point in the territory of computer vision. Computerized examination of group exercises utilizing reconnaissance recordings is a significant issue for public security since it permits the identification of hazardous groups and where they’re going. We all see how many problems are faced because of the crowd. In our country, many terrorists are there. They plant a bomb in a crowded area which causes a lot of injuries. Thieves are mostly found or always leave in crowded areas so they can easily get an advantage of the crowd. In that situation, crowd analysis is very important. This paper presents the design of the deep learning architecture that provides control over the crowd behavior that will help to avoid violence or any other act which occurs because of the crowd which causes harmful effects to the society. So we are proposing a system that detects abnormal behavior of crowds using deep learning techniques.
Concept for Mapping Carbon footprint with Change in Vegetation Cover and Population in India
Authors: Amin Ishma , Agarwal Meenakshi , Lobo Stevert , Gurnani Rahul , Priya R.L
Published: July 2020

In most of the developing countries, the increasing rate of Carbon emissions is considered as a major cause of concern. India is leading in terms of CO2 emissions as compared to other countries. The vegetation cover comprises only 24.39% of the geographic area of India. Metropolitan cities in India are witnessing rapid urbanization. The primary objective of this proposal is to identify the relationship between the increase in carbon emissions and deforestation in metropolitan cities. An additional objective is to predict the amount of afforestation required for each area to cope up with the carbon emissions over the next 25-years. It can be achieved by using statistical models like ARIMA, LSTM and machine learning techniques such as Random Forest. The proposal provides suggestions on optimal places and techniques for sustainable afforestation to the concerned authorities using artificial intelligence.
Early Prediction Model for Type-2 Diabetes Based on Lifestyle
Authors: Hirnak Kirti , Chaudhari Nikita , Singh Akshay , Patil Deepali
Published: July 2020

Nowadays diabetes has become a chronic disease that may cause many complications. There are some symptoms of diabetes such as increased appetite, blurry vision, and extreme fatigue, etc. As the increasing deformity in present years the number of diabetic patients from the whole world will reach to 642 million. Diabetes accuracy is very difficult to know so in order to cure this disease. These causes us to concentrate more there to make some changes that will reduce these numbers. So to minimize these numbers of diabetes, we researched various algorithms and methods. The proposed method focuses on extracting the attributes that gives a result in early detection of Diabetes Mellitus in patients. Various existing processes provide just a result as the patient has diabetes or not which will require the patients to visit a diagnostic centers or to a doctor. So we proposed a system based on deep learning approaches that will help to solve a serious problem. These systems take collaborative inputs from dataset to give prediction with random forest algorithm which gives more accurate results.
Can We Measure the Individual Prothrombotic or Prohemorrhagic Tendency by Global Coagulation Tests?
Authors: Reda Sara , Morimont Laure , Douxfils Jonathan , Rühl Heiko
Published: July 2020

Hemostasis is a complex process in which abnormalities can cause shifts toward prothrombotic or prohemorrhagic states resulting in thrombosis or bleeding, respectively. Several coagulation tests may be required to characterize these defects but may yet not always reflect a patient's true hemostatic capacity. Thus, global coagulation tests aiming to simulate the coagulation process in vitro instead of measuring single components thereof are certainly of interest to assess prothrombotic or prohemorrhagic tendencies. This review describes the development and application of global coagulation tests, concentrating on the more widely used methods of viscoelastometry and thrombin generation. A focus is placed on conditions characterized by simultaneous changes of various components of hemostasis, such as anticoagulant therapy or hormone-induced coagulopathy, in which global coagulation tests are especially promising. If the key challenges of standardization and automation of these tests are solved, as is the case with automated thrombogram or clot waveform analysis, global coagulation assays will play an important role in the future of laboratory diagnostics of hemostasis and thrombosis.
How to Differentiate Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis from Postthrombotic Syndrome
Authors: Gautam Gargi , Sebastian Tim , Klok Frederikus A.
Published: July 2020

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Accuracy of diagnosis is thus of vital importance. Failure to diagnose VTE increases the risk of progression and complications. Conversely, anticoagulation as a result of an incorrect diagnosis exposes patients to the associated hazards of bleeding. The diagnostic management of recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is especially challenging due to the lack of well-established diagnostic standards. Particularly, the differentiation between the two is notoriously difficult as symptoms, clinical signs, and diagnostic test findings largely overlap. This review highlights the current diagnostic and management strategies for recurrent DVT and PTS with a focus on clinical findings and imaging modalities. We also discuss current open questions for clinicians in the field, anticipating future directions and predictions for the year 2050.
About mentees and mentors: what kind of advanced training should young scientists receive? – A personal reflection
Authors: Scharf Rüdiger E.
Published: July 2020

Comprehensive training of talented MD or PhD students and postdoctoral fellows is one of the essential requirements for a future career as an established investigator or even an outstanding scientist. Here, from personal experience, several relevant aspects are summarized including the high responsibility of the academic mentor. Specifically, the interaction of the mentor with fellows, the choice of the research project, and the impact of the mentor's personality on mentees are discussed.
Effects of Mirror Therapy Combined With EMG-triggered Functional
Electrical Stimulation to Improve on Upper Extremity Function in Patient with
Chronic Stroke
Authors: Jung Joo Yeol , Youn Pong Sub , Kim Dong Hoon
Published: July 2020

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Mirror therapy combined with
EMG-triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation on upper extremity function in
patient with Chronic Stroke. A total of 24 chronic stroke patients were divided
into 3 groups. Group I (n=8) was given with traditional physical therapy
(TPT), group II (n=7) was given with traditional physical therapy and
mirror therapy (MT), and group III (n=9) was given with traditional
physical therapy and mirror therapy in conjunction with EMG-triggered Functional
Electrical Stimulation (EMGFES-MT). Each group performed one hour a day 5 times
a week for 6 weeks.

We obtained the following result between before and after treatments about
changes of elbow flexion muscle strength (EFMS), elbow extension muscle strength
(EEMS), wrist flexion muscle strength (WFMS), wrist extension muscle strength
(WEMS), elbow flexion range of motion (EFROM), elbow extension range of motion
(EEROM), wrist flexion range of motion (WFROM), wrist extension range of motion
(WEROM), grip strength (GS) and upper extremity function.

Each group showed a significant difference in EFMS, EEMS, WFMS, WEMS, EFROM,
EEROM, WFROM, WEROM, GS and upper extremity function (p<0.05) EMFES-MT
group revealed significant differences in EEMS, WEROM, grip strength and upper
extremity function as compared to the other groups (p<0.05). No
difference was found in the change of spasticity among the 3 groups.

Our results showed that EMFES-MT was more effective on elbow, WFMS, WEMS, AROM,
grip strength and upper extremity function in patients with chronic stroke. We
suggest that this study will be able to be used as an intervention data for
recovering upper extremity function in chronic stroke patients
Postoperative Pain Is Correlated with Scaphoid Dorsal Translation following Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Vutescu Emil S. , Wolfe Scott W. , Sung Kevin , Jethanandani Rishabh , Lee Steve K.
Published: July 2020

Background Dorsal scaphoid translation (DST) has been demonstrated to occur in patients with complete scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) tears. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have demonstrated ability to detect DST in patients with documented complete scapholunate (SL) disruption, but the relevance of this parameter to outcomes of reconstruction has not been determined.

Purpose The purpose of this article is to determine how radiographic parameters of SL dissociation correlate with postoperative pain and functional outcomes of SLIL reconstruction.

Methods We performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on a cohort of 14 patients who underwent SLIL repair or reconstruction. Preoperative data included radiographic measurements of carpal posture and alignment (SL angle, radiolunate [RL] angle, SL gap, and DST), self-reported measure of average pain on a numerical rating scale (NRS) of 0 to 10, and the patient rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) survey. Postoperatively, the same data were collected at each follow-up visit. Radiographic parameters were statistically compared with postoperative NRS pain score and PRWE scores. Statistical correlations were calculated using Spearman's correlation coefficient, and mean NRS pain scores were compared using Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests, with an α value of p = 0.05.

Results Mean NRS pain scores improved significantly after surgery. Mean DST improved significantly after surgery. The presence of postoperative dorsal scaphoid translation (DST) correlated strongly with postoperative pain. SL angle, RL angle, and SL gap showed no correlation with patient reported pain. There was no correlation with any radiographic parameter and PRWE.

Conclusions Our study demonstrates that the presence of DST in postoperative radiographs has a strong correlation with patient reported pain following SLIL reconstruction. We conclude that correction of dorsal translation of the scaphoid is a more sensitive predictor of postoperative pain relief than SL gap, RL angle, or SL angle.

Level of evidence This is a Level IV study.
At What Point Should We Discontinue Treatment in Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus?
Authors: Datta Anita N.
Published: July 2020

This case report portrays the case of a child with super-refractory status epilepticus. The seizures were secondary to febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome and the child required multiple anticonvulsants and eventually anesthetic infusions for several weeks. During the treatment, an ethical dilemma arose and was discussed by neurologists, intensivists, and family members.
Orthopaedic Aspects of SAMS Syndrome
Authors: Schrander Dirk E. , Staal Heleen M. , Johnson Colin A. , Calder Alistair , Ghali Neeti , Chudley Albert E. , Stumpel Constance T.R.M.
Published: July 2020

The combination of short stature, auditory canal atresia, mandibular hypoplasia, and skeletal abnormalities (SAMS, OMIM: 602471) has been reported as an ultra-rare, autosomal-recessive developmental disorder with unique skeletal anomalies. To the present date, only four affected individuals have been reported. There are several striking orthopaedic diagnoses within the SAMS syndrome. In particular, the scapulohumoral synostosis and the bilateral congenital ventral dislocation of the hips. The purpose of this report is to underline the importance of recognizing pathognomic features of SAMS syndrome. Whenever a bilateral congenital ventral dislocation of the hips and/or a scapulohumoral synostosis is found or clinically suspected, SAMS syndrome should be considered as the primary diagnosis until proven otherwise.
The Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor on the Outcomes of Myringoplasty
Authors: Bongale Kiran Ravindranath , Bhat Vikram Kemmannu , Yadav Mona
Published: July 2020

Introduction Chronic otitis media is a widespread disease of developing countries. The burden of the disease continues to be high and so is the demand for surgical myringoplasty. This pilot study aimed to compare in adults the outcomes of myringoplasty with and without the application of epidermal growth factor gel (EGF) with respect to the time taken for graft uptake, improvement of hearing, and complications.

Materials and Methods This randomized controlled study was undertaken in a tertiary referral public hospital in a span of 2 years with a sample size of 60 patients. All of them underwent diagnostic nasal endoscopy, otoendoscopy, and pure tone audiometry and treated with conventional underlay myringoplasty using temporalis fascia (Group A—30 cases with EGF, Group B—30 controls without EGF). Patients were followed-up at 15, 30, 90 days postoperatively.

Results The average time taken for closure of tympanic perforation and graft uptake by group A was lesser than group B. This difference was found to be statistically significant. Residual perforation at 1 month was commoner in group B as compared with group A. The final improvement of the hearing was the same in both the groups in the healed cases.

Conclusion The EGF can be used to improve the outcomes of myringoplasty. It can hasten the closure of tympanic membrane perforation and increase the success rates of the surgery.
Existence and optimal convergence rates of multi-dimensional subsonic potential flows through an infinitely long nozzle with an obstacle inside
Authors: Ma Lei , Xie Chunjing
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the well-posedness and optimal convergence rates of subsonic irrotational flows through a three-dimensional infinitely long nozzle with a smooth obstacle inside are established. More precisely, the global existence and uniqueness of the uniformly subsonic flow are obtained via variational formulation as long as the incoming mass flux is less than a critical value. Furthermore, with the aid of delicate choice of weight functions, we prove the optimal convergence rates of the flow at far fields via weighted energy estimates and Nash–Moser iteration.
Spin orientation and strain tuning valley polarization with magneto-optic Kerr effects in ferrovalley VS2 monolayer
Authors: Shen Chenhai , Wang Guangtao , Wang Tianxing , Xia Congxin , Li Jingbo
Published: July 2020

Recently, two-dimensional ferrovalley materials have attracted increasing interest due to their intrinsic ferromagnetism and valley polarization. The 2H VS2 monolayer is taken as an example, and our calculations indicate that the spin direction and strain can modify its valley splitting while further leading to a strong dependence of the Kerr signals. Moreover, the strain-tuned magnetocrystalline anisotropic energy and magnetostrictive coefficient provide a strong magnetostriction in the 2H VS2 monolayer. These results provide a theoretical reference for practical applications involving valley polarization and magneto-optic Kerr effects in 2D ferrovalley materials.
Nearfield excited state imaging of bonding and antibonding plasmon modes in nanorod dimers via stimulated electron energy gain spectroscopy
Authors: Collette Robyn , Garfinkel David A. , Rack Philip D.
Published: July 2020

Stimulated electron energy loss and gain spectroscopy (sEELS and sEEGS) are used to image the nearfield of the bonding and antibonding localized surface plasmon resonance modes in nanorod dimers. A scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with an optical delivery system is used to simultaneously irradiate plasmonic nanorod dimers while electron energy loss and gain spectra of the active plasmons are collected. The length of the nanorod dimer is varied such that the bonding and antibonding modes are resonant with the laser energy. The optically bright bonding mode is clearly observed in the resonant sEEG spectrum images and, consistent with spontaneous EELS, no direct evidence of the hot spot is observed in sEEG. s-polarized irradiation does not stimulate the energy gain of the optically dark antibonding mode. However, when phase retardation is introduced by tilting the longitudinal axis, the otherwise dark antibonding mode becomes sEEG active.
A deep neural network for molecular wave functions in quasi-atomic minimal basis representation
Authors: Gastegger M. , McSloy A. , Luya M. , Schütt K. T. , Maurer R. J.
Published: July 2020

The emergence of machine learning methods in quantum chemistry provides new methods to revisit an old problem: Can the predictive accuracy of electronic structure calculations be decoupled from their numerical bottlenecks? Previous attempts to answer this question have, among other methods, given rise to semi-empirical quantum chemistry in minimal basis representation. We present an adaptation of the recently proposed SchNet for Orbitals (SchNOrb) deep convolutional neural network model [K. T. Schütt et al., Nat. Commun. 10, 5024 (2019)] for electronic wave functions in an optimized quasi-atomic minimal basis representation. For five organic molecules ranging from 5 to 13 heavy atoms, the model accurately predicts molecular orbital energies and wave functions and provides access to derived properties for chemical bonding analysis. Particularly for larger molecules, the model outperforms the original atomic-orbital-based SchNOrb method in terms of accuracy and scaling. We conclude by discussing the future potential of this approach in quantum chemical workflows.
Enhanced thermoelectric performance of PbTe based materials by Bi doping and introducing MgO nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Chen , Zhang Jian , Ming Hongwei , Lou Xunuo , Huang Lulu , Chen Tao , Zhang Baoli , Li Di , Xin Hongxing , Qin Xiaoying
Published: July 2020

p-type PbTe has long been realized as an excellent thermoelectric (TE) material in the mediate temperature range; however, its counterpart, n-type PbTe, presents poor TE performance. In order to enhance the thermoelectric performance of n-type PbTe, Pb0.995Bi0.005Te-based composites incorporated with MgO nanoparticles have been prepared, and their thermoelectric properties are investigated. The results show that the power factor can be enhanced by incorporation of MgO nanoparticles at high temperature due to the optimized carrier concentration and remarkable energy filtering effects, and the reduced lattice thermal conductivity is obtained owing to interface scattering. Consequently, the sample Pb0.995Bi0.005Te + 0.3 wt. % MgO presents the largest ZT value, reaching 1.4 at 773 K, indicating that incorporation of MgO in Pb0.995Bi0.005Te is an effective approach to improve its thermoelectric performance.
Nonlinear spectroscopy in the condensed phase: The role of Duschinsky rotations and third order cumulant contributions
Authors: Zuehlsdorff Tim J. , Hong Hanbo , Shi Liang , Isborn Christine M.
Published: July 2020

First-principles modeling of nonlinear optical spectra in the condensed phase is highly challenging because both environment and vibronic interactions can play a large role in determining spectral shapes and excited state dynamics. Here, we compute two dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) signals based on a cumulant expansion of the energy gap fluctuation operator, with specific focus on analyzing mode mixing effects introduced by the Duschinsky rotation and the role of the third order term in the cumulant expansion for both model and realistic condensed phase systems. We show that for a harmonic model system, the third order cumulant correction captures effects introduced by a mismatch in curvatures of ground and excited state potential energy surfaces, as well as effects of mode mixing. We also demonstrate that 2DES signals can be accurately reconstructed from purely classical correlation functions using quantum correction factors. We then compute nonlinear optical spectra for the Nile red and methylene blue chromophores in solution, assessing the third order cumulant contribution for realistic systems. We show that the third order cumulant correction is strongly dependent on the treatment of the solvent environment, revealing the interplay between environmental polarization and the electronic-vibrational coupling.
Generalization to anomalous diffusion of Budó’s treatment of polar molecules containing interacting rotating groups
Authors: Titov S. V. , Coffey W. T. , Zarifakis M. , Kalmykov Y. P. , Al Bayyari M. H. , Dowling W. J.
Published: July 2020

A fractional Smoluchowski equation for the orientational distribution of dipoles incorporating interactions with continuous time random walk Ansatz for the collision term is obtained. This equation is written via the non-inertial Langevin equations for the evolution of the Eulerian angles and their associated Smoluchowski equation. These equations govern the normal rotational diffusion of an assembly of non-interacting dipolar molecules with similar internal interacting polar groups hindering their rotation owing to their mutual potential energy. The resulting fractional Smoluchowski equation is then solved in the frequency domain using scalar continued fractions yielding the linear dielectric response as a function of the fractional parameter for extensive ranges of the interaction parameter and friction ratios. The complex susceptibility comprises a multimode Cole–Cole-like low frequency band with width dependent on the fractional parameter and is analogous to the discrete set of Debye mechanisms of the normal diffusion. The results, in general, comprise an extension of Budó’s treatment [A. Budó, J. Chem. Phys. 17, 686 (1949)] of the dynamics of complex molecules with internal hindered rotation to anomalous diffusion.
Effect of alkyl-group flexibility on the melting point of imidazolium-based ionic liquids
Authors: Bernardino Kalil , Zhang Yong , Ribeiro Mauro C. C. , Maginn Edward J.
Published: July 2020

The low melting point of room temperature ionic liquids is usually explained in terms of the presence of bulky, low-symmetry, and flexible ions, with the first two factors related to the lattice energy while an entropic effect is attributed to the latter. By means of molecular dynamics simulations, the melting points of 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 1-decyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate were determined, and the effect of the molecular flexibility over the melting point was explicitly computed by restraining the rotation of dihedral angles in both the solid and the liquid phases. The rotational flexibility over the bond between the ring and the alkyl chain affects the relative ordering of the anions around the cations and results in substantial effects over both the enthalpy and the entropy of melting. For the other dihedral angles of the alkyl group, the contributions are predominantly entropic and an alternating behavior was found. The flexibility of some dihedral angles has negligible effects on the melting point, while others can lead to differences in the melting point as large as 20 K. This alternating behavior is rationalized by the different probabilities of conformation defects in the crystal.