bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attachment Strategies and Neuroendocrine Biomarkers in Obese Children
Authors: Pinto Inês , Wilkinson Simon , Virella Daniel , Alves Marta , Calhau Conceição , Coelho Rui
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Quality of the parent-infant relationship influences the mechanisms of development of the child’s physiological stress regulation. This study explored associations between attachment strategies and both cortisol and thyroid stimulating hormone, hypothesized to be respectively a potential mediator and a potential intervening variable of the mother-child relationship in obese children. Material and Methods: A sample of 83 obese children (46 boys), aged 10.9 (1.8) years was recruited from a child obesity clinic. Obesity was defined by body mass index percentile adjusted for age and sex. Metabolic biomarkers were measured by routine methods. Attachment strategies were assessed with self and parent-report questionnaires. Family functioning was assessed with parent-reported questionnaires (FACES-III). Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed.Results: Type A, avoidant attachment strategies, had significant positive association with thyroid stimulating hormone levels and negative association with cortisol levels (R2 = 0.352). Type B, secure attachment strategies, had significant positive associations with both hypothyroidism and body mass index percentile (R2 = 0.541). “Insecure attachment” (types A and C combined) strategies showed some evidence of positive association with thyroid stimulating hormone (R2 = 0.250). Discussion: These findings suggest that there may be commonalities in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axes. Processes involved in development of the type A attachment strategy appear to be associated with effects on the regulatory mechanisms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.Conclusions: In obese children, different attachment strategies are associated with diverse metabolic profiles. How this may contribute to developing differentiated treatment approaches remains to be explored.
Carta ao Editor relativa ao artigo: “Enxerto Ósseo na Fenda Lábio-Palatina: Experiência de um Hospital de Referência Português” de Ana Isabel Costa, Hélder Morgado, Carlos Mariz, José Manuel Estevão-Costa. Acta Med Port 2016;29:210-6.
Authors: Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
Published: July 2016

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Resposta à Carta ao Editor Relativo ao Artigo: Ana Isabel Costa, Hélder Morgado, Carlos Mariz, José Manuel Estevão-Costa. Enxerto alveolar secundário e fissuras labiopalatinas. Acta Med Port 2016;29:210-6.
Authors: Costa Ana Isabel Oliveira , Morgado Hélder , Vasconcelos-Castro Sofia , Mariz Carlos , Estevão-Costa José Manuel
Published: July 2016

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Lessons from London: The BMJ Editorial Process
Authors: Câmara Pestana Pedro , Ramalho Ana Rita , Revés Joana
Published: July 2016

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Application of the electro-Fenton process to mesotrione aqueous solutions: Kinetics, degradation pathways, mineralization and evolution of the toxicity
Authors: Murati Minir , Oturan Nihal , Zdravkovski Zoran , Petreska Stanoeva Jasmina , Efremova Aaron Snezhana , Aaron Jean-Jacques , Oturan Mehmet A.
Published: July 2016

The kinetics and the mechanism of degradation of the mesotrione herbicide by three electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) systems, namely electro-Fenton (EF) with Pt anode (EF-Pt), anodic oxidation with BDD anode (AO) and EF-boron doped diamond anode (EF-BDD), were investigated in acidic aqueous solutions. The degradation of mesotrione obeyed apparent first-order reaction kinetics, and its absolute rate constant value with hydroxyl radicals at pH 3.0, determined by the competitive kinetics method, was found to be 8.20 × 108 L mol–1 s–1. Fourteen different mesotrione degradation products were separated and/or identified using HPLC / MSn analyses. A rationalized scheme was proposed for the reaction pathways of mesotrione degradation in the EF process. The mesotrione mineralization yield values ranged between about 58 and 97% for a 6-h electrolysis time, according to the type of EAOP system and the electrolysis current intensity value. The evolution of the toxicity of mesotrione aqueous solutions with electrolysis time (t) was investigated during treatment by the EF-Pt and EF-BDD systems. Toxicity was measured with the Microtox® method, based on the luminescence inhibition of marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri. The curves % inhibition vs. time were found to depend on the toxicity of formed mesotrione degradation products.
Polarized IR reflectance spectroscopy methods for the orientation of monoclinic single crystals: Tutton salts as a case example
Authors: Ivanovski Vladimir
Published: July 2016

Investigation of polarized IR reflectance spectra of single crystals is important in the course of obtaining vibrational, optical and dielectric properties of solid state samples.  Diffraction X-ray methods are usually employed for crystal orientation. In this work, two IR reflectance methods are proposed as a supplement in testing the orientation of the b crystal axis and by that the ac crystal plane, in respect to the morphology of monoclinic single crystals. The methods were tested on two Tutton salt single crystals: K2Ni(SO4)2·6H2O and K2Ni(SeO4)2·6H2O and were further compared with the cross-polarization IR reflectance method. Both methods rely on the symmetry and optical properties of monoclinic single crystals. One of them takes into account the fact that one of the principal axes of the dielectric tensor is symmetry fixed, while the other employs the conditions for the appearance of an isosbestic-like point i.e. isosbestic-like region in the polarized IR reflectance spectra of single crystals with low symmetry.
Study on the method performances for screening and confirmatory analysis of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk according to the mycotoxin regulative requirements
Authors: Dimitrieska-Stojkovik Elizabeta , Ilievska Gordana , Stojanovska-Dimzoska Biljana , Uzunov Risto , Hajrulai-Musliu Zehra
Published: July 2016

Screening and confirmatory methods for Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) analysis were optimized and studied regarding the European Decision 2002/657/EC requirements. The recoveries of AFM1 from the spiked samples at levels between 0.025 and 0.075 µg kg-1 were 99.6-110.3 % with obtained precision 10.5-13.4 %, confirming the immunochemical method precision and reliability for intensive surveillance studies. According to the regulatory requirements, for confirmation of the obtained positives from the screening, the reference high-performance liquid chromatographic method was evaluated in reference to the performance criteria. The obtained between-day recovery was in the range 67.2-72.8 %, and the precision range 5.4-9.1 %. 205 positives from the screening were subjected to confirmatory analysis. The comparison of the data obtained from the immunoassay and chromatographic method (R2=0.764) revealed a slight overestimation of the screening method, but no cases of false-negative determinations occurred.
Chemometric approach for development, optimization and validation of HILIC methods used for the determination of alkaloids from poppy straw
Authors: Acevska Jelena , Stefkov Gjoshe , Nakov Natalija , Petkovska Rumenka , Ugrinova Liljana , Kulevanova Svetlana , Dimitrovska Aneta
Published: July 2016

Two hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) methods for simultaneous determination of the major alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, oripavine, papaverine and noscapine) in opium poppy straw (Papaver somniferum L., Papaveraceae) were developed.

The chromatographic behavior of target alkaloids was investigated on two different HILIC stationary phases: bare silica (Si-HILIC) and zwitterionic (ZIC-HILIC). Systematic optimization of the methods was carried out by use of chemometrics. A full factorial design of the experiments was utilized for assessment of the influence of acetonitrile share, ionic strength and the pH value of the mobile phase buffer on several chromatographic responses. The central composite circumscribed design of experiments was used for the robustness testing during the method validation.

The separation of the alkaloids was obtained within close retention window on both columns with optimized gradient elution. The ZIC-HILIC method had advantage over Si-HILIC method in terms of sensitivity, robustness and cost. This method was found suitable for determination of the morphinane alkaloids from poppy straw.
New emerging fields of application of propolis
Authors: Bankova Vassya , Popova Milena , Trusheva Boryana
Published: June 2016

Propolis (bee glue) is a sticky resinous material applied by honey bees Apis mellifera L. as a building material in their hives and as a defensive substance against infections. Propolis has been used as a remedy in traditional medicine systems all over the world, mainly to treat wounds and burns, sore throat, stomach ulcer, etc. Modern science has confirmed the antimicrobial and antiviral action of propolis, and has discovered numerous other beneficial pharmacological properties of bee glue: immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, antitumor, and many others. For this reason, significant number of products containing propolis have been developed and commercialised: medical devices, over-the-counter preparations, health foods and beverages, cosmetics. This review is not dealing with propolis applications in improvement and protection of human health. Instead, it is focused on some new and promising areas of propolis use and innovative propolis containing products, emerging in the last few years: improving growth performance of livestock, food preservation, food packaging, textile materials for biomedical application, etc.
Consequence and Role of Telomeres on Cell-Division Rates and Life-Spans
Authors: Shilpa Singh  , Mitasha Purohit
Published: June 2016

There has been growing evidence that lifestyle factors may affect the health and lifespan of an individual by affecting telomere length. Telomeres are unique protein–DNA structures that comprise the termini of eukaryotic linear chromosomes. Telomere length shortens with age. Progressive shortening of telomeres leads to senescence, apoptosis, or oncogenic transformation of somatic cells, affecting the health and lifespan of an individual. We planned to focus the significance of telomeres in human health and aging and to summarize possible lifestyle factors that may affect health and longevity by altering the rate of telomere shortening.
CORPORATE UNIVERSITY AS A FORM OF EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN AMERICAN COMPANIES
Authors: Lytovchenko Iryna
Published: June 2016

The article deals with the problem of corporate university as a form of employee training and development in American companies. Corporate training plays a leading role in the successful operation of US companies and is a factor of their competitiveness and efficiency in the marketplace. Corporate university is an advanced form of organizational training which emerged in response to the challenges of the information society and the global economy, increased competition in the market, the failure of the traditional institutions of professional education to meet the needs of the modern economy for highly qualified employees. Modern corporate university is a system of organizational development and personnel training, united with a single concept and methodology, inextricably linked and coordinated with the strategies of the organization. The main functions of the corporate university are training of various levels of company employees, knowledge management, formation of common corporate values, development of corporate culture, promotion of innovation. Since organizations have different needs and development strategies, corporate universities of different companies in the United States differ in purpose, objectives, structural characteristics, methods of instruction. The learning process in the corporate university has andragogical focus and is characterized by extensive use of e-learning technologies.
CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN APPLIED MECHANICS
Authors: Feschuk Alla
Published: June 2016

The article deals with the problem of definition of the notion of “professionally oriented foreign language training of future specialists in applied mechanics”, particularly, it reveals the differentiation of the notions  of “foreign language training”, “foreign language education” and “teaching foreign languages”, determines the purpose and the content of foreign language education and teaching foreign languages and the peculiarities of foreign language education of future specialists in applied mechanics. Integration into European educational space caused the changes in the Ukrainian educational market including professional training of future specialists in applied mechanics who should be able to adapt to multicultural, multilingual environment for the realization of personal and professional needs. The concept of professionally oriented foreign language training is analyzed and defined by scientists as a process of teaching foreign languages oriented to the formation of foreign language professional competence for solving professional tasks in their sphere. The key factors of professionally oriented foreign language training of future specialists in applied mechanics (cognitive and informational, linguistic, professional, psycholinguistic, content and structural) are introduced in the paper. The leading role of foreign language education consists in effective communication, cultural awareness, ability to work and adapt to multilingual and multicultural teams and high level of communication competence, which are considered as the key requirements of the recruitment strategies of employers.
LONG-TERM RESEARCH ASSESSING IN THE HUMANITIES: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Chesnokova Anna , Zyngier Sonia , Van Peer Willie
Published: June 2016

It is common practice in academic research projects to present final assessment by means of reporting and evaluating results. More often than not, these reports tend to focus on the quantity and quality of the knowledge acquired, and very little (if any) attention is given to the impact the research may have had on the researchers themselves. In an institutional setting where students participate in research, this may be a missing link in the educational chain. The case study described here tried to fill this gap by showing the changes effected by a project investigating literature and language from a multicultural perspective. More than stimulating research by students in different countries, it aimed at helping them become autonomous researchers using empirical methods. We argue that instead of lectures and seminars, the educational quality of the humanities will be greatly enhanced if we turn to our students doing research themselves. We counter the argument that students are not able to do so with reference to a ten-year project we were engaged in, together with our students, between our three universities. We describe the methods along which our students cooperated with each other in conceptualizing, carrying out and reporting on their research. Feedback from 53 participants indicates that not only did the project motivate them to pursue further academic degrees, but the skills they acquired considerably influenced their future in many different fields. Though the design of this study does not allow us to determine any causality in the effects of the program, we argue that the results are nevertheless highly suggestive of the program’s both motivational and intellectual success.
THE INTERACTIVE TESTING IN THE ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES TEACHING IN NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Hryshyna Olena
Published: June 2016

In the paper the author gives a thorough analysis of the effective tools for the control organization in terms of the recent researches in the English for specific purposes testing methodology. The writer proposes the effective technology of the reading competency measurement covering the methods and techniques of the test administration including the criteria and quality characteristics definition. The research gives the sound articulation of the test quality characteristics alongside with the outlined test task design requirements. The examples of the original communicative professional test tasks give an overall picture of the testing domain to be developed. The objectives outlined give the reader an understanding of the test structure evaluation and processing the output data. The research gives a possibility to obtain a practically ideal tool for measuring the study achievements in reading competency acquisition of the technical university students. Moreover, the research highlights the learning outcomes to be envisaged beforehand as the target skills the students-future engineers are to acquire. The paper investigates the impact of the test characteristics and qualities on the test task construction in terms of the learning and testing purposes interaction. The research focuses on the test task development requirements as a dominant creative force in a testing development, organization and administration. Being sufficiently useful, criteria bring a sound functionality in the test task and test items construction. The structure of the communicative real life situations in foreign language reading where the future technical specialists are to apply their certain reading skills for their academic purposes is elaborated and introduced in the paper.
La circunferencia de la pantorrilla como marcador rápido y fi able de desnutrición en el anciano que ingresa en el hospital. Relación con la edad y sexo del paciente
Authors: López Lirola Emilia María
Published: June 2016

Introducción: la malnutrición en el anciano que ingresa en el hospital es bastante frecuente y condiciona no solo la extensión de la estanciahospitalaria, sino el pronóstico o la aparición de otras patologías. Su valoración puede basarse en medidas antropométricas, parámetros bioquímicosy test nutricionales.Objetivos: valorar si la circunferencia de pantorrilla es un indicador válido de desnutrición en el paciente anciano recién hospitalizado, analizandola posible infl uencia del sexo y la edad.Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo en 907 pacientes ancianos pluripatológicos a su ingreso en el hospital, con una edad media de82,13 ± 7,08 años. Se han realizado determinaciones bioquímicas incluyendo recuento de linfocitos, colesterol total, transferrina y albúmina.Se aplicaron en cada paciente las escalas de cribado nutricional MNA, NRS y VGS. Finalmente se determinó la circunferencia de la pantorrilla.Resultados: los test nutricionales muestran un porcentaje de desnutrición medio del 75%. Los parámetros bioquímicos muestran un porcentajede desnutrición que oscila del 63,4% al 76,7%, y la circunferencia de la pantorrilla un 74,2%. La prevalencia de desnutrición es mayor enmujeres, independientemente del parámetro utilizado en su determinación. El aumento en la edad, particularmente a partir de los 85 años, y contodos los parámetros analizados, también condiciona un mayor grado de desnutrición. Todos los parámetros estudiados se correlacionan con lacircunferencia de la pantorrilla, estableciéndose el concepto “estar desnutrido” en el punto de corte de 29 cm, para ambos sexos y en todos losgrupos de edad (sensibilidad 99,31%).Conclusiones: un 75% de la población anciana presenta desnutrición a su ingreso en el hospital. La circunferencia de la pantorrilla es unmarcador de desnutrición en el anciano de fácil determinación y alta sensibilidad, independiente del sexo y la edad
Características cineantropométricas de los jugadores de béisbol de élite
Authors: Clavijo-Redondo Arturo R.
Published: June 2016

Introducción: a pesar de que las características antropométricas es uno de los métodos utilizados dentro de la selección de talentos deportivos,son pocos los estudios que han analizado el perfi l morfológico del jugador de béisbol de élite.Objetivo: analizar el perfi l antropométrico de los jugadores de béisbol de élite nacional de forma global y según el puesto ocupado.Material y métodos: Doscientos diecisiete jugadores de béisbol masculino (edad: 23,87 ± 5,32 años) de la División de Honor españolaparticiparon en el presente estudio. A todos ellos se les clasifi có según su posición de juego y se les realizó una valoración antropométrica.Posteriormente se calculó su somatotipo, composición corporal, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y sumatorio de seis pliegues.Resultados: los jugadores no mostraron diferencias signifi cativas en función de su posición en el campo en la talla, el peso, los plieguestríceps, subescapular, bíceps, supraespinal, abdominal y pierna, ni en el sumatorio de seis pliegues o el diámetro biestiloideo. Sí que se encontrarondiferencias signifi cativas en el pliegue del muslo, perímetros del brazo contraído y pierna y diámetros biepicondíleo del húmero y fémur.Tampoco se hallaron diferencias signifi cativas en el IMC, la composición corporal o el somatotipo. Los valores de endomorfi a fueron altos, losde mesomorfi a altos o medio-altos y los de ectomorfi a bajos, siendo la clasifi cación del somatotipo mesoendomorfo o endomorfo-mesomorfosegún la posición de juego.Conclusión: existe una gran homogeneidad en el perfi l antropométrico de los jugadores de béisbol según su posición de juego, diferenciándoseúnicamente en algunas variables antropométricas como perímetros y diámetros.
Valoración nutricional en pacientes hospitalizados en hospitales latinoamericanos: asociación con factores pronóstico. El estudio ENHOLA
Authors: Castillo Pineda Juan Carlos
Published: June 2016

Introducción y objetivo: la prevalencia de la malnutrición hospitalaria (MH) es variable y puede explicarse por la variabilidad de los pacientes,el método de evaluación nutricional entre otros. El propósito de esta investigación es determinar la frecuencia de malnutrición en hospitales deLatinoamérica y estimar su asociación con mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria.Métodos: es un estudio analítico, observacional de cohorte que incluyó a 7.973 pacientes de ambos géneros, mayores de 18 años y queestuvieron de acuerdo en participar en el estudio. La evaluación fue aplicada durante los primeros tres días de admisión al hospital. El estadonutricional fue estimado usando la evaluación global subjetiva (SGA) y el score de riesgo nutricional (NRS-2002). Se evaluó el índice de masacorporal (IMC), el porcentaje de cambio de peso (PCW) y las comorbilidades. La albúmina sérica se obtuvo del expediente clínico. La estanciahospitalaria (LOS) y las condiciones del egreso (vivo o muerto) fueron también registrados.Resultados: por SGA: 10,9% tuvieron malnutrición severa y 34% malnutrición moderada. Por NRS: 36,9% tuvieron riesgo nutricional. El análisisunivariado mostró que el NRS y la albúmina sérica fueron factores pronósticos de mortalidad: NRS 3-4 (OR: 2,3, 95%CI: 1,9-2,8), NRS 5-7 (OR:5,8, 95% CI: 4,9-6,9), albúmina sérica < 2,5 g/dl, (OR: 2,9, 95% CI: 2,2-3,8); estos resultados fueron coherentes y similares al análisis multivariado.Tanto el NRS y como la albúmina sérica fueron también independientemente y clínicamente asociados a la estancia hospitalaria prolongada.Conclusión: la prevalencia de malnutrición hospitalaria en Latinoamérica es alta. Nuestros resultados muestran que el tamizaje con NRS y laalbúmina sérica inicial pueden identifi car la malnutrición hospitalaria, así como proporcionar un valor clínico relevante.
Asociación entre los patrones dietarios y el consumo de calcio y vitamina D en población adulta mexicana
Authors: Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar
Published: June 2016

Introducción: tradicionalmente, la investigación en nutrición ha promovido un abordaje basado en el análisis de nutrimentos; sin embargo, másrecientemente el análisis de patrones dietarios ha sido ampliamente utilizado para evaluar el apego de la población a las recomendaciones dietéticas.Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre los patrones dietarios y el consumo de calcio y vitamina D en población adulta mexicana.Métodos: se derivaron patrones dietarios de 8.456 hombres y mujeres de 20-80 años de edad participantes de la Cohorte de Trabajadoresde la Salud. La información sociodemográfi ca y de actividad física fue recolectada mediante cuestionarios autoadministrados. Para evaluar lainformación dietética, se utilizó un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos.Resultados: mediante análisis factorial se derivaron tres patrones dietarios. El patrón 1, etiquetado como “patrón prudente”, estuvo caracterizadopor alto consumo de verduras frescas, frutas frescas, granos integrales, aceites y leguminosas. El segundo patrón, denominado “patrón de lácteos ypescado”, fue positivamente correlacionado con ingesta de productos lácteos, pescado, leche y granos integrales. Finalmente, el tercer patrón dietariose asoció con alta ingesta de carnes rojas, bebidas azucaradas, grasas, huevos, pan blanco y bebidas alcohólicas. El patrón de lácteos y pescado seasoció positivamente con el consumo de vitamina D y calcio (r = 0,42, p < 0,001; r = 0,20, p < 0,001, respectivamente). Por último, el tercer patrónse asoció inversamente con el consumo de vitamina D y calcio (r = -0,28, p < 0,001; r = -0,41, p < 0,001 respectivamente).Conclusión: nuestros hallazgos muestran que el patrón representado por un alto consumo de leche, productos lácteos, granos enteros y pescadoestá asociado con un mayor consumo de vitamina D y calcio en población adulta mexicana. Adicionalmente, nuestros resultados resaltan laimportancia de seguir un patrón dietario apropiado para lograr un adecuado consumo de nutrientes.
Factores asociados con la suplementación de la dieta entre los atletas brasileños
Authors: Garcez Nabuco Hellen Clair
Published: June 2016

Introducción: muchos factores, tales como edad, sexo, deporte, entre otros, llevan al atleta a consumir suplementos alimenticios. Existen pocosestudios sobre prevalencia y factores asociados en atletas, especialmente en países en desarrollo.Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al consumo de suplementos alimenticios entreatletas brasileños.Material y métodos: se trata de un estudio de corte transversal realizado con 182 atletas de ambos sexos. Los atletas respondieron a uncuestionario que contenía información sociodemográfi ca y deportiva, consumo actual de suplementos, consumo de sustancias farmacológicas,y también sobre distorsión de la imagen corporal (BSQ) y dismorfi a muscular (MASS).Resultados: en el análisis bivariado, el sexo masculino, la edad entre 25 a 29 años, ejercer actividad remunerada, el consumo de sustanciasfarmacológicas, la distorsión de la imagen corporal, el riesgo de dismorfi a muscular, la modalidad de fuerza y la ausencia de asistencia médicafueron los factores asociados al consumo de suplementos. Después del análisis de regresión, el consumo de suplementos fue asociado al sexomasculino (RPA: 1,68; IC 95%: 1,01; 2,78; p = 0,044), consumo de sustancias farmacológicas (RPA: 1,77; IC 95%: 1,37; 2,27; p < 0,001) yriesgo de dismorfi a muscular (RPA: 1,75; IC 95%: 1,37; 2,23; p < 0,001).Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio mostraron claramente la importancia de los profesionales que trabajan junto a los atletas paramonitorizar continuamente el uso de suplementos, puesto que se trataba de un comportamiento alimentario asociado a otros comportamientosde riesgo (uso farmacológico) o a trastornos de la imagen (dismorfi a muscular).
Efectos del entrenamiento contra resistencias o resistance training en diversas patologías
Authors: Domínguez Raúl
Published: June 2016

La fuerza infl uye directamente en el estado de salud y en la capacidad de fi tness, motivo por el que el entrenamiento contra resistencias o resistancetraining (RT) se incluye dentro de aquellos programas de ejercicio encaminados a mejorar la salud y calidad de vida. Debido a que muchasenfermedades cursan con alteración de la masa y funcionalidad muscular y a que el RT es la principal modalidad de ejercicio encaminada amejorar la función muscular, el objetivo de la presente revisión bibliográfi ca ha sido exponer las evidencias actuales sobre las adaptaciones delRT, así como su posible aplicación en patologías como la obesidad, diabetes, dislipemia, hipertensión, cáncer, Parkinson, esclerosis múltiple ofi bromialgia. El RT en estas enfermedades puede aumentar los niveles de masa muscular, disminuyendo los niveles de masa grasa, los nivelesde ácidos grasos en sangre y la glucemia, incrementando la sensibilidad a la insulina, y disminuyendo los niveles de citokinas infl amatorias. El RT,además, mejora el gasto cardiaco y la funcionalidad endotelial, regulando la tensión arterial e incrementando el consumo de oxígeno. Las gananciasde fuerza muscular mejoran la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida, especialmente en población con una afectación neuromuscular grave, comopudieran ser los enfermos de esclerosis múltiple, fi bromialgia o Parkinson. Por ello, el RT debe ser incorporado como parte del tratamiento enlas personas que presentan determinado tipo de patologías.
ASSESSING THE FEASIBILITY OF DEVELOPING TECHNICAL STANDARDS TO EVALUATE REVEGETATION SUCCESS AT COAL MINES IN THE SOUTHERN POWDER RIVER BASIN OF WYOMING
Authors:   Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality-Land Quality Division, 122 W 25th, Herschler Bldg 3W, Cheyenne, WY 82002, Vincent R. B.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Interest in using technical standards to evaluate revegetation success, specifically for cover, production, and diversity parameters, at coal mines is increasing. To help evaluate the feasibility of developing such standards in Wyoming, a vegetation database was established for five mines in the Southern Powder River Basin. The baseline vegetation data for these mines comprised fifteen data sets (individual studies), and within these sets, the data were separated into five major and six minor standardized plant communities. Baseline data were collected during twelve years from 1978 through 1999, although not all standardized plant communities were sampled in each of those twelve years. In the two predominant plant communities, Mixed Grass Prairie (MGP) and Big Sagebrush Shrubland (BSS), statistical evaluations of the data sets revealed two important considerations. First, for cover data, the results are statistically different between quadrat and point-transect sampling methods. Second, herbaceous species production data can be correlated with precipitation over a relatively small area (e.g., an individual mine), but the influence of other factors, such as sampling methodology, preclude correlations over larger areas. Production data could not be correlated with Palmer Drought Indices, and cover data could not be correlated with either climate factor. The statistical evaluations also indicated significant differences between the data sets and between the mines. Based on all the evaluations of the available data, calculation of a regional data technical standard using detailed statistical methods may be difficult. While a simple approach, such as selection of a conservative number (e.g., the highest mean production value) might be considered, calculation of cover and production standards on an individual mine basis is considered feasible.
Prevailing Educational Philosophies among Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: B. Tupas Joshua , P. Pendon Guiller
Published: July 2016

The motivation of this study is derived from the presumption or belief that pre-service teachers are somehow guided by certain philosophies as they enhance their pedagogical skills before practicing their profession.  This study aimed to find out the prevailing educational philosophies of pre-service teachers when taken as a whole and when classified according to course, sex, and grade point average (GPA). The respondents of the study were the 67 education students of the West Visayas State Univesity-Janiuay Campus who were chosen through stratified sampling.  Data were gathered with the aid of a self-made philosophic inventory checklist which was validated by experts and pilot- tested.  It utilized the descriptive design to collect, analyze and classify data on the prevailing educational philosophies of pre-service teachers.  Results showed that pre-service teachers were likely to accept existentialism and progressivism as educational philosophies when taken as a whole and when classified according to course, sex and GPA.  With the use of Mann-Whitney test, inferential statistics showed that there was no significant difference in the prevailing educational philosophies of pre-service teachers when classified according to course, sex and GPA.
Community-University Partnerships: Community Engagement for Transformative Learning
Authors: Fletcher Fay
Published: June 2016

Recently, various scholars have remarked that university continuing education (UCE) is moving away from one of its original core foci, that of social justice. In this article, the possible causes of this are discussed, including current political environments, the role of universities and academics in perpetuating or disrupting the status quo, and increased reliance on cost recovery and for-profit programming. Community-based participatory research as a feasible strategy for promoting UCE’s role in social justice is also presented. An example of UCE that was developed in response to existing social inequities and driven by discussions with the community is offered to demonstrate that critical voices can have an impact and that institutions of higher education can be collaborative and foster networks of relationships for learning. Finally, key points for the successful development of a UCE program that responds to critical voices and returns to social justice are shared.
Survey of Distance Learning Provision in Continuing Health Professional Education in Canada
Authors: Curran Vernon , Curran Fran , Fleet Lisa
Published: June 2016

In Canada, the trend is towards greater use of distance learning technologies in the provision of continuing professional education in the health professions. Lack of access to professional development is a common deterrent to practice in rural and remote areas. Distance learning technologies have an important role to play in addressing the professional isolation challenges experienced by rural and remote health care providers. This article examines the state of distance learning provision among Canadian providers of continuing health professional education. The survey population included academic institutions, national/provincial health professional associations and non-profit health advocacy organizations, the pharmaceutical industry, and hospital/health care authority organizations. The results provide a greater understanding of the state of distance learning provision among providers of continuing health professional education in Canada and suggest a number of means to foster distance learning opportunities for rural health care provider.
Affective Learning Outcomes in Workplace Training: A Test of Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Online Learning Environments
Authors: Cleveland-Innes Martha , Ally Mohamed
Published: June 2016

Research employing an experimental design pilot-tested two delivery platforms, WebCT ™ and vClass ™, for the generation of affective learning outcomes in the workplace. Using a sample of volunteer participants in the help-desk industry, participants were randomly assigned to one of the two types of delivery software. Thirty-eight subjects participated from 10 different corporations across Western Canada. Course-delivery observations suggested greater engagement and more interaction among participants in the WebCT ™ group. Exam scores showed a higher mean for the WebCT ™ group, but differences between means were not statistically significant.
Towards Change: Continuing the Conversation on Electronic Publishing
Authors: Kanuka Heather
Published: June 2016

In a previous Forum article (Conrad, 2002), survey results on the perceived acceptance of moving the Canadian Journal of University Continuing Education (CJUCE) closer to an e-publishing format were presented. These results and the ensuing discussion highlighted important issues associated with e-publishing formats based on the perspectives of the CJUCE readership. This paper extends that discussion to include a look at overcoming existing criticisms of the peer-review process, current changes in university library holdings, and perspectives of the contributors with respect to e-journal formats.
The Rising Tide of Outreach and Engagement in State and Land-Grant Universities in the United States: What are the Implications for University Continuing Education Units in Canada?
Authors: McLean Scott , Thompson Gordon , Jonker Peter
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we describe the outreach and engagement movement in the United States and explore the implications of this movement for university continuing education units in Canada. Across the United States, major universities have adopted the vocabulary of “outreach and engagement” to foster a shift in the relationships of those universities with communities and organizations beyond the traditional boundaries of the institution. This vocabulary has its roots in the work of Ernest Boyer (1990, 1996) and the Kellogg Commission on the Future of State and Land-Grant Universities (1999, 2000). In the past decade, many American universities have adopted new leadership and organizational structures to make an operational commitment to outreach and engagement. In Canada, university continuing education units have traditionally been involved in activities that fit within the concept of outreach and engagement, and leaders of such units should consider the implications of the outreach and engagement movement.
Shopping for Knowledge: An Alternative Environment for Learning
Authors: Joseph Gillian
Published: June 2016

Educators who provide only traditional environments for post-secondary adult education often overlook the fact that a diverse mature student population requires a variety of formats and environments in which to learn effectively. Moreover, although universities and colleges continue to emphasize their mandates to serve the community, the definition of "community" itself is undergoing radical change. This paper suggests that the shopping mall has become an environment in which many North American adults seek out and find a strong sense of community. Furthermore, because people perceive the mall as a pleasant place to be, it is potentially an ideal milieu in which to facilitate adult learning, particularly via the Internet. As private agencies increasingly move to set up and tap the commercial value of such ventures, it is becoming increasingly important for universities and colleges to provide leadership.
A Comparison of the Organizational Frameworks of Canadian and American University Continuing Education Units
Authors: Carter Lorraine , Dougherty Chris , Wilson Edna
Published: June 2016

In 2006, a study involving institutional members of the Canadian Association of University Continuing Education (CAUCE) was conducted by the CAUCE Information and Research Committee working in collaboration with the Research Committee of the Association of Continuing Higher Education (ACHE). The survey had been previously completed by institutional members belonging to ACHE in the United States. This paper describes the survey findings and offers possible explanations of important differences related to respondent profile, type of institution by funding, and the extent of credit programming offered by the responding institutions. Differences related to learning modalities are also discussed. Further joint surveys involving CAUCE and ACHE members as well as international research initiatives sponsored by the two organizations are recommended.
SoTEL: Toward a Scholarship of Technology Enhanced Learning
Authors: Wickens Renate
Published: June 2016

The publication of Ernest Boyer’s innovative study, Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate (1990), sparked sixteen years of academic studies, high level conferences, and campus teaching reforms in a movement that has come to be known as the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL). During this same period, a rapidly developing study and practice of digital pedagogy, to be discussed here under the heading of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL), generated its own extensive theoretical and practice-oriented literature. This paper is part of an ongoing work that explores points of intersection between SoTL and TEL in order to lay the ground-work for the latter as scholarship in Boyer’s sense of the term, that is, SoTEL.
The Characteristics of Continuing Professional Education Systems in the Health Professions in Canada
Authors: Curran Vernon , Kirby Fran , Fleet Lisa
Published: June 2016

Mandatory continuing education (MCE) has become widely accepted across many professions and jurisdictions in Canada as a re-credentialing mechanism. MCE is defined as continuing professional education (CPE) courses and/or programs, beyond the entry-level educational requirements, required by a licensure board, professional organization, or the workplace in order to maintain competence or retain licensure, certification, and/or employment. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the nature and characteristics of the CPE systems of the major health care professions in Canada. Overall, mandatory systems of CPE are increasing among allied health professional groups in Canada. This introduces significant opportunities for providers of CPE for the health professions. Important trends appear to include an increase in distance education formats, an increase in collaborative arrangements between providers, and an increase in the use of CPE to regulate practice.
Continuing Education and the Postmodern Arts of Power
Authors: McLean Scott
Published: June 2016

University continuing educators have recognized that political-economic and institutional changes are making social activism more difficult to sustain. This article argues that to build more effective and vigorous forms of social activism, continuing educators need to understand how systems of oppression are changing. In postmodern societies, patterns of oppression are shifting from centralized, explicitly coercive projects of political domination and economic exploitation, to decentred, subtle processes of constructing individuals with the capacity and the desire to govern themselves. To encourage a different mode of thinking about the nature of oppression and power, some aspects of the work of Michel Foucault are interpreted. To provoke a more creative approach to social activism through university continuing education, the article connects Foucault's abstract.
Lifelong Learning in the New Economy: A Great Leap Backwards
Authors: Cruikshank Jane
Published: June 2016

This article looks at a 1994 Jobs Study report from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) that presents a disturbing economic development strategy for use by its member countries. The report calls for the creation of two distinct streams of jobs: high-skill jobs that would have high-knowledge requirements; and low-skill, low-wage jobs that would absorb significant numbers of unemployed workers and for which the report advocates regressive ways to ensure workers are desperate enough to take the low-wage jobs. The concept of "lifelong learning" is central to the process of increasing the skills of those in the high-wage jobs, although it is seen solely as an investment in business and in the economies of OECD member countries. This article raises questions about the direction advocated in the report and explores some of the OECD strategies that have been adopted in Canada under the guise of "structural adjustment." The implications of this direction for university continuing education practice are examined and a social policy role for university continuing educators to play to address the issues of work and learning is discussed.
Study of Nursing Mothers
Authors: Kazeem Kolawole
Published: June 2016

The participation of women in a higher education program depends on the extent to which the program takes into consideration the special needs of women—issues that have long plagued women’s participation in education programs. In this study, we found that issues like childcare have not received any special consideration in the delivery of part-time higher education programs. This paper argues that university administration should review its present arrangements with regard to the participation of nursing mothers, for example, in part-time academic work. Efforts should be made to make daily academic activities nursing-mother friendly—reviewing the timetable to provide baby time-out and allowing for fewer daily academic activities; providing adequate daycare for children; and providing special counseling to alleviate the childcare and learning stress faced by nursing mothers.
University Extension and Public Service in the Age of Economic Globalization: A Response to Thompson and Lamble
Authors: Lauzon Allan C.
Published: June 2016

The Journal invited Allan Lauzon to comment on the preceding article by Gordon Thompson and Wayne Lamble. In his response Lauzon examines the larger shifts in Canadian society, making the case that this represents a fundamental shift in dominant values; examines how this value shift is impacting upon the university; examines the implications of value changes in the university for university extension units; and examines and comments on some of the ideas put forth by Thompson and Lamble. The Journal will provide an opportunity for Thompson and Lamble to respond to Lauzon's comments in the next issue of theJournal (fall 2000).
The Challenges of Blending a Face-to-Face Laboratory Experience with a Televised Distance Education Course
Authors: LeDrew June , Cummings-Vickaryous Bonnie
Published: June 2016

This article describes the practical challenges faced by instructors who must blend a face- to-face laboratory experience into a distance education course. This issue is discussed in the context of an ongoing kinesiology and health course that includes a mandatory physical activity laboratory experience. The challenges that have arisen around this mandatory laboratory experience over the six-year period that this course has been televised are identified and discussed.
Creative Retirement: Survey of Older Adults' Educational Interests and Motivations
Authors: Sloane-Seale Atlanta , Kops Bill
Published: June 2016

The University of Manitoba's Continuing Education Division (CED) and Creative Retirement Manitoba (CRM) formed a partnership to promote applied research on lifelong learning and older adults, to develop new and to complement existing educational activities, and to explore new program models and instructional methods to meet the educational needs of older adult learners. A survey, the first in a larger research project of this partnership, was undertaken to identify the learning interests and motivations of a select group of active older adults who participate in CRM's activities. The results indicate that these learnersprefer to learn only for interest, in non-educational settings or on their own;are interested, motivated, and physically and financially capable;confront situational and institutional barriers to learning; andconsider learning important to their lifestyle.These findings are consistent with the notion that an active lifestyle, including continued learning, may lead to improved quality of life, and better health and wellness for older adults. University continuing education (UCE) has a role to play in developing and supporting learning opportunities and programs for older adult learners, albeit a measured one.
Leadership in Continuing Studies: The Reflections of a Dean
Authors: Garrison Randy
Published: June 2016

University continuing studies has entered an extended period of change and transformation. In such challenging times, the essential ingredients for survival are a clear vision, strategic goals, and proactive leadership. These issues are explored in this paper through the example of one institution. Characteristics of transformational leadership and a model of continuing studies in a university context are described. The opportunity exists for continuing studies to be a key player in the transformation of university outreach and thereby become integrated into the mainstream of the university.