bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turbulence in the TW Hya Disk
Authors: Flaherty Kevin M. , Hughes A. Meredith , Teague Richard , Simon Jacob B. , Andrews Sean M. , Wilner David J.
Published: March 2018

Turbulence is a fundamental parameter in models of grain growth during the early stages of planet formation. As such, observational constraints on its magnitude are crucial. Here we self-consistently analyze ALMA CO(2–1), SMA CO(3–2), and SMA CO(6–5) observations of the disk around TW Hya and find an upper limit on the turbulent broadening of <0.08c

s
(α < 0.007 for α defined only within 2–3 pressure scale heights above the midplane), lower than the tentative detection previously found from an analysis of the CO(2–1) data. We examine in detail the challenges of image plane fitting versus directly fitting the visibilities, while also considering the role of the vertical temperature gradient, systematic uncertainty in the amplitude calibration, and assumptions about the CO abundance, as potential sources of the discrepancy in the turbulence measurements. These tests result in variations of the turbulence limit between <0.04c

s
and <0.13c

s
, consistently lower than the 0.2–0.4c

s
found previously. Having ruled out numerous factors, we restrict the source of the discrepancy to our assumed coupling between temperature and density through hydrostatic equilibrium in the presence of a vertical temperature gradient and/or the confinement of CO to a thin molecular layer above the midplane, although further work is needed to quantify the influence of these prescriptions. Assumptions about hydrostatic equilibrium and the CO distribution are physically motivated, and may have a small influence on measuring the kinematics of the gas, but they become important when constraining small effects such as the strength of the turbulence within a protoplanetary disk.
Comment naissent les ruines
Authors: Gutron Clémentine , Fauvelle-Aymar François-Xavier
Published: March 2018

Les traces matérielles du passé ne se donnent pas de façon immanente aux chercheurs qui en entreprennent la fouille. S’il arrive que des ruines soient apparentes, plus ou moins investies d’une signification les rapportant à l’histoire, elles ne sont commuées en vestiges qu’au prix d’opérations mentales au travers desquelles le site se construit en même temps que s’ajuste la méthode d’investigation. Abordant le cas de Sijilmâsa, cité islamique médiévale du Maroc, cet article retrace la quête souvent déçue, depuis un siècle et demi, des matérialités du site archéologique de la glorieuse cité. Au travers de cette quête, qui conduit (par étapes) des errances du voyage à la fouille stratigraphique du sous-sol, se lit aussi l’histoire de l’orientalisme, des conditions politiques et institutionnelles de la recherche, des méthodes de la discipline archéologique.
Quand l’historien masque que la norme fabrique le crime…
Authors: Morsel Joseph
Published: March 2018

L’un des plus anciens sur le continent européen et poursuivi pendant un siècle et demi, le registre établi à partir de 1314 par l’official (juge ecclésiastique) de Cerisy-la-Forêt, en Normandie, est un document exceptionnel qui fournit un riche matériau. Des dizaines de juristes ou historiens y ont eu recours et il est le seul à avoir bénéficié, dès le  xix e  siècle, d’une édition complète. Le registre original détruit en 1944, tous les travaux d’historiens se sont fondés sur l’édition, dont les attendus méthodologiques n’ont pourtant jamais été questionnés. L’article étudie la manière dont cette édition a été réalisée et la replace dans une histoire sociale des pratiques de l’érudition de la seconde moitié du  xix e  siècle. Il soulève non seulement le problème de la fidélité ou des éventuelles erreurs de lecture mais surtout celui des déformations de sens qu’engendrent les choix volontaires, négligés des historiens qui y ont lu des pratiques déviantes là où c’était l’official lui-même qui produisait la déviance.
Comment des dirigeants-entrepreneurs fabriquent-ils de la gestion des compétences ? Enseignements pratiques et théoriques
Authors: Defélix Christian , Sanséau Pierre-Yves
Published: March 2018

Cet article a pour objectif de comprendre les modes et les processus de construction de la gestion des compétences dans les TPE. L’analyse des résultats met en exergue des pratiques de gestion des compétences le plus souvent non conscientes et tacites mais parfois très accomplies et développées. De plus, il apparaît que si le dirigeant de TPE est à la fois bien et mal placé pour être un « architecte des compétences » et si la variété des contextes et des processus en TPE ne prédispose pas toujours à ce type de démarche, il est cependant possible de commencer à modéliser cette « fabrique ».
La motivation des employés à innover : bilan et perspectives
Authors: Farzaneh Faranak , Boyer André
Published: March 2018

Cet article a pour objectif de dresser un état de la recherche sur la motivation des employés à innover avant de proposer de nouvelles voies de recherche. Une fois identifiés les facteurs de la motivation des employés à innover, l’objectif de cet article consiste donc à dresser un tableau critique des différentes théories qui ont été appliquées aux motivations de l’employé afin de proposer un cadre méthodologique et théorique pour les recherches à venir sur la motivation des employés à innover, que nous illustrons par la prise en compte du risque de l’innovation dans le processus d’innovation des employés.
Faire appel à la peur ou à l’humour dans la communication anti-tabac ? L’optimisme comparatif comme indicateur d’efficacité publicitaire
Authors: Chaieb Achour Asma , Gharbi Abderrazak
Published: March 2018

Cet article propose de comparer l’efficacité de deux registres publicitaires de la peur versus humour dans les campagnes anti-tabac. Quatre versions d’annonces sont testées (peur-recommandations/ peur-menace/ humour-recommandations/ humour sans recommandations). L’optimisme comparatif est considéré comme un indicateur pertinent qui pourrait orienter le choix vers le registre publicitaire approprié. Les résultats ont montré que les répondants exposés aux deux versions : humoristique et apeurante axées sur les recommandations ont procédé par le traitement du danger avec un score plus élevé sur l’échelle "Risk Behavior Diagnistic" de la version humoristique. Les résultats ont montré aussi qu’il faut encourager l’optimisme comparatif et non le combattre afin d’augmenter l’efficacité de la communication anti-tabac.
La communication touristique : un enjeu pour une patrimonialisation durable
Authors: Pauget Bertrand , Dammak Ahmed
Published: March 2018

Cet article traite de la communication touristique telle que définie par Frustier et Voisin (2004). Elle est liée à une mise en scène des territoires composant avec plus ou moins de réussite l’image, l’imagerie et l’imaginaire (Amirou et al., 2011). Afin de permettre un processus de transmission patrimoniale, il nous semble nécessaire de mieux prendre en compte le concept du temps. L’Association de Sauvegarde de la Médina de Tunis (ASM) est un acteur permettant d’étudier la manière dont se fait la transmission patrimoniale aujourd’hui. Nous mettons en avant deux thématiques. La première présente la valorisation des activités traditionnelles artisanales. La seconde concoure à la construction d’un « patrimoine vivant ».
L’implication des huc (Habitants-usagers-citoyens) dans la recherche
Authors: Jaeger Marcel
Published: March 2018

Aujourd’hui, la participation des personnes accompagnées, aidées, accueillies… s’étend à la formation et même à la recherche. De nombreux travaux consacrés à la recherche scientifique évoquent des collaborations utiles à la fois aux personnes en difficulté et aux chercheurs. Ils visent à prévenir l’enfermement de la production de connaissances nouvelles dans un cadre purement académique. Ainsi, il ne s’agit plus seulement d’impliquer ces personnes dans les décisions qui les concernent directement, mais de les associer à des projets intéressant l’ensemble de la société. Cela pose de multiples problèmes, mais cette forme de participation constitue une étape supplémentaire dans les logiques d’inclusion et dans l’approfondissement de la démocratie.
Qu’apportent les savoirs expérientiels à la recherche en sciences humaines et sociales ?
Authors: Gardien Ève
Published: March 2018

Cet article apporte un ensemble de connaissances relatives à la nature des savoirs expérientiels et à leurs modalités sociales de production et de légitimation. Il montre en quoi chaque être humain est concerné par ces savoirs expérientiels. Dans le même temps, certains de ces savoirs présentent de véritables spécificités : une typologie des savoirs expérientiels issus des situations liées au handicap, à la maladie chronique ou aux troubles de la santé mentale est ainsi présentée. Une fois cette contextualisation effectuée, une réflexion sur les causes de la non-reconnaissance des savoirs expérientiels et une discussion sur les intérêts des sciences humaines et sociales à les prendre davantage en considération sont développées. La conclusion revient sur les limites d’un parti pris trop dogmatique sur l’usage des savoirs expérientiels dans le champ académique.
Rapports égalitaires dans la production des savoirs scientifiques
Authors: Godrie Baptiste , Godrie Baptiste
Published: March 2018

La recherche en santé mentale constitue un domaine dans lequel le monopole des chercheurs sur la production de la science est particulièrement fort. Mais c’est également un domaine de recherche où ce monopole est remis en question, comme en témoignent les revendications, depuis les années 1970, de regroupements de personnes avec une expérience vécue des problèmes de santé mentale. Leurs critiques envers la production traditionnelle de la science ont contribué à l’essor d’approches participatives qui visent à placer les savoirs expérientiels de ces personnes au cœur des processus de recherche. En nous appuyant sur une analyse de la littérature anglo-saxonne, nous présentons, dans cet article, plusieurs types de recherche participative en santé mentale, leurs épistémologies sous-jacentes, et discutons de leur contribution au développement de rapports plus égalitaires dans la production des savoirs scientifiques en santé mentale.
Les recherches-actions participatives : un dispositif participatif illusoire ou porteur de transformation sociale ?
Authors: Amaré Sandrine , Valran Marielle
Published: March 2018

Cet article entend explorer les recherches-actions participatives relatives au handicap, au sens de démarches coréalisées par des chercheurs et des acteurs issus de la société civile. Après avoir resitué l’évolution de la participation des acteurs de la société civile dans le monde de la recherche, nous apportons un éclairage sur le processus de participation à l’œuvre dans les recherches-actions participatives. Nous dégageons les dispositions individuelles à partir desquelles les acteurs s’engagent dans le dispositif de recherche et les conditions qui permettent la progression de la recherche jusqu’à sa publicisation vers le corps social. L’étude des effets du processus de participation nous conduit ensuite à repérer une hétérogénéité dans le niveau de participation des acteurs et dans la portée transformationnelle de ces recherches. À l’extrémité du premier pôle, nous repérons un mode participatif illusoire révélant et maintenant les rapports sociaux inégalitaires présents entre les acteurs dans la société. En revanche, au pôle opposé, nous mettons en lumière un mode participatif, d’ordre politique, porteur de transformation sociale et d’élargissement démocratique.
Retours en Emilia : de la recherche-action à la création de communautés vivantes et apprenantes
Authors: Jouet Emmanuelle , Greacen Tim
Published: March 2018

De 2005 à 2010, le programme de recherche Emilia s’est déroulé en Europe. L’hypothèse est établie qu’au travers un programme de formations construites autour des approches fondées sur le rétablissement, l’ empowerment et l’inclusion sociale, les personnes vivant avec un trouble psychique accéderont davantage à la formation et à l’emploi. À la fin des cinq années de recherche, il est montré qu’à la faveur de co-construction et de participation à des formations ad hoc ainsi qu’en appui d’un parcours d’accompagnement à l’emploi, des personnes engagées dans Emilia ont amélioré leur qualité de vie et sont davantage intégrées à la société. Mais Emilia a été aussi l’opportunité d’engager avec des personnes vivant avec un trouble psychique, des associations, des soignants, des politiques, des administratifs et des chercheurs un courant d’émergence de nouvelles approches en santé mentale et en psychiatrie. Cet article propose de faire quelques retours en Emilia, pour regarder comment une recherche-action initiée au niveau européen peut avoir des effets majeurs à échelles et espaces-temps multiples.
La saisie de la voix des usagers et des survivants de la psychiatrie dans le domaine de la recherche
Authors: Donskoy Anne-Laure
Published: March 2018

Contrairement aux voix de la psychiatrie, qui sont bien soutenues et qui bénéficient d’une attention médiatique et politique importante, celles des usagers et survivants de la psychiatrie sont souvent reléguées au rang de l’anecdote, de l’expression de la « maladie » et manipulées à des fins multiples. Leur validité ontologique et épistémologique est sapée, voire niée, dès lors qu’elles se rebellent, qu’elles osent critiquer les traitements ou violations des droits de l’homme dont les usagers et survivants de la psychiatrie font l’objet, ou encore certaines lectures académiques de leur vécu dans lesquelles elles se reconnaissent mal ou pas. Ainsi, si l’exploration de ces vies et de leurs formes est un sujet important, le travail singulier de saisie de ces voix l’est tout autant. Cet article, écrit par une survivante de la psychiatrie qui est aussi une survivante chercheure, propose une exploration de la participation active des usagers et survivants dans la recherche médico-sociale publique en Angleterre comme exemple de saisie de ces voix, puis introduit le champ d’études appelé «  mad studies  ».
Des usagers en santé mentale chercheurs en sciences sociales
Authors: Deutsch Claude
Published: March 2018

Cet article relate l’expérience en cours de la recherche « De la disqualification à la prise de parole en santé mentale. Recherche sur les conditions d’émergence, de reconnaissance et de prise en compte de la parole des personnes dites handicapées psychiques par les décideurs publics », initiée et menée par l’association Advocacy France, association d’usagers en santé mentale. Cette recherche-action consiste à faire réaliser par des personnes concernées un travail d’enquête sur les situations de communication avec les institutions. Il s’agit de révéler à la fois les difficultés de communication rencontrées par les personnes pour s’exprimer et les difficultés pour les institutions d’entendre la parole des personnes en situation de handicap psychique. Le défi de cette recherche est de s’appuyer sur les usagers en santé mentale eux-mêmes pour repérer ces obstacles et préconiser des bonnes pratiques permettant de les dépasser.
S’engager en tant que pairs au sein d’une structure pour usagers de drogues : la place des savoirs expérientiels
Authors: Dos Santos Marie
Published: March 2018

L’engagement et la participation des usagers de drogues à l’élaboration de connaissances sur la dépendance supposent une formalisation de leurs savoirs expérientiels. La valeur heuristique des récits de vie est soutenue par certains pairs, tandis que pour d’autres la valorisation de leurs savoirs passe par une forme argumentative. Complémentaires ou antagonistes des savoirs médicaux, les savoirs des usagers varient selon leur type d’engagement – protestataire ou loyal à l’institution – et dépendent des contextes de communicabilité de leur expérience – au sein ou en dehors des structures de soin.
Automatic Multi-task Learning System for Abnormal Network Traffic Detection
Authors: Huang He , Deng Haojiang , Chen Jun , Han Luchao , Wang Wei
Published: March 2018

Since the last decade of the 20th century, the Internet had become flourishing, which drew great interest in the detection of abnormal network traffic. Particular-ly, it’s impossible to manually detect the abnormal patterns from enormous traffic flow in real time. Therefore, multiple machine learning methods are adopted to solve this learning problem. Those methods differ in mathematical models, knowledge models, application scenarios and target flows. In recent years, as a consequence of the technological breakthrough of Web 3.0, the traditional types of traffic classifiers are getting outdated and people start to focus on deep learning methods. Deep learning provides the potential for end-to-end learning systems to automatically learn the abnormal patterns without massive feature engineering, saving plenty of detecting time. In this study, to further save both memory and times of learning systems, we propose a novel multi-task learning system based on convolutional neural network, which can simultaneously solve the tasks of malware detection, VPN-capsulation recognition and Trojan classification. To the best of our knowledge, it’s the first time to apply an end-to-end multi-task learn-ing system in traffic classification. In order to validate this method, we establish experiments on public malware dataset CTU-13 and VPN traffic dataset ISCX. Our system found a synergy among all these tasks and managed to achieve the state-of-the-art output for most of the experiments.
College English Listening Teaching Design Based on Computer Multimedia Teaching Platform
Authors: Dai Yue
Published: March 2018

In order to simulate students’ enthusiasm in English listening and to improve teachers’ teaching efficiency, application of computer multimedia technology in English listening teaching has been wildly used. The purpose of this paper is to study the practical application of multimedia technology in English listening teaching. This study also also aims to improve the cognition of multimedia-assisted technology by exploring actual teaching cases. It will eliminate existing misunderstanding of assisting English listening teaching and improve the teach-ing effect of English listening. In this study we first elaborated the theoretical ba-sis of computer-assisted English listening teaching, and then clarified the teaching requirements of multimedia-assisted English listening teaching through question-naires. Finally, the effect of computer-assisted multimedia was evaluated through teaching comparative experiments. This study has important guiding significance in promoting diversified development of college English listening teaching and in developing students’ English listening ability and improving teachers’ teaching skills.
Web-based Platform for Training in Biomedical Signal Processing and Classification: the Particular Case of EEG-based Drowsiness Detection
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel , Teixeira César , Cardoso Alberto
Published: March 2018

Online Experimentation, which comprises remote and virtual experimentation, has played an important role, over the years, in the development of the students learning process. One of its examples is the use of web-based resources to study physiological events in topics of biomedical engineering. This article discusses the use of a virtual experimentation environment as a training tool for studying different methodologies that can be applied to detect drowsiness based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. As a result of this web-based platform, students can be more motivated to learn different methods that can be used in the processing and analysis of physiological data. As a final result, it can even be used to create a real-time detector for drowsiness, thus preventing the occurrence of road accidents.
Deformation Design Method Based on SBF Model
Authors: Niu Qinzhou , Liu Yi
Published: March 2018

The structure-behavior-function model is a kind of concept design model and we apply it to the deformation design mainly to express the design concept and design process.In this paper,the SBF model is used to express a complete design experience knowledge and is used as a node for design reasoning.We also add the non-axiomatic logic and a calculation algorithm of semantic similarity to the SBF model to accomplish the process of deformation design.Finally,  turbine blade is taken as an example to prove that the method can realize the deformation designing of parts. Meanwhile,non-axiomatic logic which is able to reduce the repetitive work of the designers is an effective way to simplify the designing.
Characterization of Chip and Burr Formation at High Speed Machining of Nitronic 33 Steel Alloy
Authors: Balogun Vincent Aizebeoje , Isuamfon Edem Friday , Omonigho B. Otanocha
Published: March 2018

The energy consumption and machinability index of metallic alloys are very important in determining the economic and environmental value of manufacturing process. Various machinability problems with Nitronic 33 steel alloy have been reported in literature. These problems have been attributed to the work hardening of the material during machining operation and hence greatly influences and contributes to the green house gas emission. In this work, the chip and burr formation during the machining of Nitronic 33 steel alloy was investigated in other to optimize the cutting parameters and provide a knowledge base for machinists when machining austenitic stainless steels. The result shows that although continuous chips were formed throughout the machining tests, an evidence of continuous chip with built-up edges was also observed. This phenomenon tends to initiate the formation of discontinuous chips especially at high pressure coolant flow of 7 and 9.7 MPa. It is concluded that conventional cutting environment at 90 m/min cutting velocity is the optimum process parameter most suitable for machining Nitronic 33 steel alloy. The research outcome will address some of the problems encountered during high speed machining of Nitronic 33 steel alloy and the general understanding of the machinability of this alloy.
Assessment of the Performance of Sediments and Scrap Rubber Layers to Filter the Leachate of Landfills
Authors: Sellaf Hamid , Trouzine Habib , Asroun Aissa
Published: March 2018

The leachate from landfills is considered as a great danger to the environment and human health. This danger is represented in its toxic components. The major purpose of this project is how to get rid of the toxic materials by a collection of sediments, scrap rubber and geotextile layers. Ten (10) cells with different compositions were used in this process, and the physicochemical analysis were made on water resulted from filtration. And permeability test on all cells. The results show that the physicochemical factors reduce with the increase of thickness of sediment layer. The physicochemical factors of water resulted from the cells which contain scrap rubber with dimensions of 0.2mm are fewer than the ones with dimensions of 4mm. The permeability factor rise in all the cells with the increase of scrap rubber layer thickness of both types.Cell 5 with no scrap rubber gave better results in physicochemical factors but weak results in permeability factor. Cell 4 gave good results in both physicochemical and permeability factors
Celtis sinensis Pers. (Ulmaceae) naturalised in northern South Africa and keys to distinguish between Celtis species commonly cultivated in urban environments
Authors: Siebert Stefan , Struwig Madeleen , Knoetze Leandra , Komape Dennis M.
Published: March 2018

Background: Alien Celtis species are commonly cultivated in South Africa. They are easily confused with indigenous C. africana Burm.f. and are often erroneously traded as such. Celtis australis L. is a declared alien invasive tree. Celtis sinensis Pers. is not, but has become conspicuous in urban open spaces.Objectives: This study investigates the extent to which C. sinensis has become naturalised, constructs keys to distinguish between indigenous and cultivated Celtis species, and provides a descriptive treatment of C. sinensis.Methods: Land-cover types colonised by C. sinensis were randomly sampled with 16 belt transects. Woody species were identified, counted and height measured to determine the population structure. C. africana and the three alien Celtis species were cultivated for 2 years and compared morphologically.Results: Celtis sinensis, Ligustrum lucidum and Melia azedarach were found to be alien species, most abundant in urban areas. The population structure of C. sinensis corresponds to that of the declared invasive alien, M. azedarach. Although C. africana occurs naturally, it is not regularly cultivated. This is ascribed to erroneous plantings because of its resemblance to juvenile plants of C. sinensis. Keys are provided to identify Celtis species based on leaf shape and margin, and drupe characters.Conclusion: Celtis sinensis is naturalised in central South Africa, especially in urban open spaces and beginning to colonise natural areas. It is flagged as a species with invasive potential. Characteristics of the leaves and fruits allow for accurate identification of indigenous and alien Celtis species, both as juvenile or adult trees.
Interfraction prostate displacement during image-guided radiotherapy using intraprostatic fiducial markers and a cone-beam computed tomography system
Authors: Ingrosso Gianluca , Miceli Roberto , Ponti Elisabetta , Lancia Andrea , di Cristino Daniela , de Pasquale Francesco , Bove Pierluigi , Santoni Riccardo
Published: March 2018

Purpose:

Prostate motion during the radiotherapy course is an important issue. This study investigated the inter-fraction prostate motion in controlled rectal filling condition.

Methods:

10 prostate cancer patients underwent image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) using a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system, after the insertion of fiducial markers (FMs). The planning CT was the reference CT (CTref) used to estimate the reference intermarker distances, and CBCTs were used for off-line comparison with CTref. We evaluated the influence of rectal and bladder volume on prostate shifts. We calculated the required planning target volume (PTV) margins in this patient population.

Results:

120 CBCTs were analyzed. Mean prostate displacements (± SD) along the 3 axes (x, y, z) averaged over the 10 patients, were: 0.90 ± 0.84 mm in x, 0.00 ± 2.07 mm in y, -0.80 ± 1.28 mm in z. There is a statistically significant anti-correlation between prostate displacements and: bladder volume variations (P < 0.001) in the y-axis, and rectal volume variations (P < 0.05) in the z-axis. PTV margins obtained for the directions x, y and z are respectively 2.5, 5.6 and 3.9 mm.

Conclusion:

IGRT in reproducible empty rectum condition allow a high reduction of daily treatment uncertainties.
Evaluating the Service Quality of the Hotel Establishments in Sports Tourism With Regard to the Athletes
Authors: Osmanoglu Hasan , Üzüm Hanifi
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the service quality of the hotels which are provided sport tourism by athletes according to some variables.The research was conducted with cross-sectional research method as one of the general survey models and relational screening model. Target group of the study also constituted the sample group. This sample was formed of 389 athletes in total as 247 males and 142 females from team sports in Turkish Football, Volleyball, Basketball leagues in years 2016-2017 and individual sports.“Sport Tourism Service Quality Scale” (STSQS) developed by Osmanoğlu et al. (2017) was employed as data collecting tool in this study. The scale was formed of 28 items and 5 sub-dimensions as “Sport facilities, α=0.96”, “Staff, α=0.82”, “Entertainment, α=0.90”, “Hygiene, α=0.85” and “Room quality, α=0.80”. The data was analysed by applying one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s Post-Hoc test and Pearson Correlation analysis. The level of significance for this study was decided as p<0.05.In conclusion with the study, service quality perception scores of the athletes were established to be high-level at room quality, hygiene and staff sub-dimensions and medium level at sport facilities and entertainment sub-dimensions. It was noted that service quality perception of the individual sports athletes is higher than the team sports athletes at staff and hygiene sub-dimensions (p<0.05). Regarding duration of stay, the mean of the ones that stay for 5 nights and above was observed to be significantly higher than the ones that stay one-two days and three-four days at sport facilities and staff sub-dimensions. Between the sport facilities, staff, hygiene and entertainment sub-dimensions of hotel classification and service quality, a significant distinction was seen in favor of the five star hotels (p<0,05).
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 7 No. 2
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: March 2018

Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to jfr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 2Aly R Abdel-Moemin, Helwan University, EgyptAmin Mousavi Khaneghah, State University of Campinas, BrazilAncuta Elena Prisacaru, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, RomaniaAnna Maria Pappalardo, University of Catania, ItalyAsima Asi Begic-Akagic, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, BosnianBruno Alejandro Irigaray, Facultad de Química, UruguayBülent Ergönül, Celal Bayar University, TurkeyCheryl Rosita Rock, California State University, United StatesCorina-aurelia Zugravu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, RomaniaDiego A. Moreno-Fernández, CEBAS-CSIC, SpainElsa M Goncalves, Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Agrária, PortugalGisele Fátima Morais Nunes, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, BrazilHaihan Chen, University of California, United StatesJelena Dragisic Maksimovic, University of Belgrade, SerbiaKamila Goderska, Poznan University of Life Sciences, PolandLenka Kourimska, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech RepublicLiana Claudia Salanta, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, RomaniaLucy Mlipano Chove, Sokoine University Of Agriculture, TanzaniaLuis Patarata, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, PortugalMagdalena Polak-Berecka, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, PolandMarco Iammarino, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, ItalyMaria Fernanda Pessoa, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, PortugalMarwa Ibrahim Abd El Hamid, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, EgyptPoonam Singha, South Dakota State University, USAQinlu Lin, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, ChinaRigane Ghayth, Organic Chemistry-Physics Laboratory, University of Sfax, TunisiaSefat E Khuda, Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United StatesShao Quan Liu, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSlavica Grujic, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia HerzegovinaSonchieu Jean, University of Bamenda, CameroonSushil Kumar Singh, South Dakota State University, Brookings, USATinna Austen Ng'ong'ola-Manani, Lilongwe University of Agriculture & Natural Resources, MalawiWinny Routray, McGill University, Canada
Comparative Study of Form and Features of Courtyards in Terms of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Two Contrasting Climates of Iran
Authors: Ojaghlou Morteza , Khakzand Mehdi
Published: March 2018

Courtyards as a traditional strategy were used to create a suitable microclimate for dwellers, but in contemporary architecture, inadequate knowledge of form and features of courtyards makes them deficient. This study presents practical solutions reaching optimal form and features of courtyards based on the traditional architecture of two contrasting climates of Iran. The ENVI-met.4 model was used for simulating the area percentage, water and vegetation level in a very cold climate of Ardabil and Hot-arid climate of Yazd. The simulated atmospheric parameters were imported to the Rayman1.2 to calculate PET thermal index. As the first step, 10% of the total area was advised to be considered a courtyard area for Yazd hot-arid climate, and 60% of the total area was recommended in a very cold climate of Ardabil. Next, the ratio of the water area to the total area of courtyards was simulated and the results advice, 0% of the courtyard to be considered a water area of Ardabil and 10% of the courtyard of Yazd is an optimum choice in hot-arid climate. In the final step, 20% of courtyards recommended the best condition of tree coverage in both climates. By these guidelines, designers can create a more adaptive architecture to the local climate.
Trading Facilities and Socio-spatial Character of Informal Settlements: The Case of Mlalakuwa in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Mbisso Daniel A. , Kalugila Shubira L.
Published: March 2018

Informal settlements constitute the largest means of habitation in the urbanizing world especially in the developing countries. In Dar es Salaam, informal settlements serve over 75% of the population. Among the often-mentioned characteristics of informal settlements include the dominance of informal economic activities. In particular, spaces for trading activities are observed to be randomly distributed in the informal settlements as they serve for the everyday life of its dwellers.However, little had been studied and analysed on the role of trading in shaping socio-spatial character of informal settlements. The aforesaid called for the need to investigate the underlying trading processes and products that characterise the setting of informal settlements. Using Mlalakuwa settlement in Dar es Salaam as a case, this paper maps and analyzes the social and institutional context of trading facilities and the resulting spatial character of informal settlements. One of the key findings in this paper is that trading activities along the main roads transform most of the bounding residential houses into trading facilities. The nature and character of trading facilities appear to define the spatial character of informal settlements in the context of the coexistence of formal and informal systems.
Does “Where We Live” Reflect “What We Do”? An Overview of Empirical Evidence on Place-People Correspondence with Regards to Sustainability Performance
Authors: Lotfi Simin , Despres Carole , Lord Sebastien
Published: March 2018

Despite effort to uncover the link between people’s behaviors and places regarding their sustainability performance, the findings remain ambiguous. This paper presents an overview of the empirical evidence on this issue and provides a framework to help design of studies on the performance of residential choice considering the three pillars of sustainability. We identified the papers through a search in multidisciplinary databases from 1994–2017 and experts’ recommendations. We analyzed them considering these questions: 1) what aspects of places and people’s behaviors are evaluated? 2) To which pillar of sustainability do they refer? 3) How are places and people related; and, 4) why are they linked the way they are? The conclusion underlines the need to embrace the complexity of residential choice and the associated daily mobility as well as for policymakers to define actions to be taken for unsustainable places to be improved and more sustainable behaviors to be adopted.
The Degree of Using Social Media in the Educational Process from the Perspective of Teachers in Jordan
Authors: Al-Sayyed Jihad Mohammed , Alzyoud Mohammad Sayel
Published: March 2018

This study aimed at investigating the degree of using social media in the educational process by the teachers of the upper-primary stage in Jordan from teacher’s perspective. The survey method used in this study is the descriptive method. The data were collected using a questionnaire and was developed to achieve the objectives of the study. The population of the study includes 37703 teachers of the upper primary stage in governmental and private schools, supervised by the Ministry of Education in Jordan for the academic year (2016/2017). The study sample consisted of 2133 teachers (766 male teachers and 1367 female teachers) who were randomly selected according to the stratified random sampling. The first question was answered by calculating the mean and the standard deviations of the sample individual’s responses based on the items of the questionnaire related to the degree of using social media in the educational process in the upper primary stage in Jordan. In answering question one, the mean and the standard deviations of the responses of the sample individuals were calculated on the questionnaire based on the degree of using social media in the educational process in the upper primary stage in Jordan in general, and also for each dimension of the study questionnaire. Results of question one showed that the degree of using social media means by the teachers of upper primary stage in Jordan was low. In answering question two, the significant statistical differences (α = 0.05) based on the degree of using social media in the educational process by the teachers of the upper primary stage in Jordan due to their gender, school type, and academic qualification were examined through calculated means, standard deviations, the independent samples t-test, and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results of question two showed that there are statistically significant differences at α = 0.05 on the scores of the respondents in the study sample. This, however, can be seen in terms of the dimensions of the degree of using social media by teachers of upper primary stage in educational process in Jordan, for the whole tool, due to gender in favor of males. The differences were in the dimension of knowledge, skills, and value for males. In terms of the social dimension, the differences were in favor of females. There are no statistically significant differences at α = 0.05 on the degrees of the respondents to the study sample on the dimensions of the use of social media by teachers of upper primary stage in educational process in Jordan, and based on the degree of overall tool, according to school type variable (governmental, private). In the light of the study results, a number of recommendations were proposed, including enhancing the methods of the use of social media means in the educational process, and overcoming the obstacles that hinder the use of social media in the learning and teaching process.
Robot Secured Wireless Authentication Using Look-Up Table Based Coding
Authors: Abu-A'ra Mahmoud
Published: March 2018

Securing restricted areas is a major concern for sensitive institutes, like military or research labs. Most security measures rely on having some of the biometrics that human beings possess to identify the user and grant access permissions. Yet, with the wide spread of robotic systems and avatars, these entities need to be authenticated as well, since they might require access to such facilities, hence, the need to provide security measures that can handle non-biological entities with high levels of security and that is not vulnerable to hacking is becoming essential.In this research we propose a novel and unique system for encoding the passcode that is known only to the authorized user using a specially designed look-up table. The system’s hardware requires reconfiguring doors’ security modules to have Near Field Communication (NFC) initialized inside them, and have the Robot initialized with the same hardware, and a wireless controller for the NFC will be given to the operator. The hardware has low-cost, and is easy to use since it is considered as plug and play module. XBEE was adopted as a wireless communication module between the operator and the robot in order to wirelessly connect to an NFC chip that is installed (as plug and play) on any Robotic system.
Prioritising Training and People-oriented Security Education for Effective Policing in Nigeria
Authors: Chile Nwobueze Chibuzor , Okolie-Osemene James , John Young Ndu
Published: March 2018

Currently, Nigeria’s security sector needs effective policing considering the spate of insecurity and frustrated relationship between the citizens and the police. Consequently, some officers are seen as dishonest and agents of complicity. Unlike most parts of the world where the people love, support the police, Nigeria still records threats to police-public relations owing to the attitudes of some officers who tarnish the image of the security agency through uncivilised, inhuman and unlawful acts while on duty and beyond. With qualitative data, this paper explores how training and people-oriented security education can enhance effective policing for a more secure Nigeria. This paper argues that police effectiveness should no longer be hinged only on equipping officers for counter-terrorism or establishment of special units to eradicate organised crime, but also on training them on weekly/monthly basis to respond to rapidly emerging threats to national security and trainings on enhancing collaborative police-public relations.
Nectar secretion and pollen production in protandrous flowers of Campanula patula L. (Campanulaceae)
Authors: Denisow Bożena , Strzałkowska-Abramek Monika , Wrzesień Małgorzata
Published: March 2018

Nectar secretion was noted both in the male and female floral phases of the protandrous flowers of Campanula patula (Campanulaceae). Female-biased sugar accumulation was evidenced and plasticity in the duration of sexual phases observed. Flowers in the male phase produced twofold less nectar with lower sugar concentrations compared to female-phase flowers. The sugar mass content averaged 0.6 mg ±0.45 SD per flower in the male phase and 1.4 ±0.5 SD per flower in the female phase. The pollen mass averaged 0.16 mg ±0.10 SD per flower. An understanding of the evolution of functional relationships between floral sexes requires consideration of the compensation of the reproductive costs, including the plastic response to interdependent factors, i.e., photosynthesis and growth, the effect of pollinators, pollen robbers, and external environmental forces.
Sequence diversity of two chloroplast genes: rps4 and tRNAGly (UCC), in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, an emerging plant model system
Authors: Kijak Hanna , Łodyga Weronika , Odrzykoski Ireneusz J.
Published: March 2018

The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the sequence variation for two regions of chloroplast DNA in a collection of 27 taxonomically well-annotated clonal lines of Marchantia polymorpha sensu lato derived from European populations. We attempted to develop molecular markers so as to identify three taxa usually recognized as subspecies. We sequenced two regions: the rps4 gene along with the rps4-trnT intergenic spacer and an intron of the tRNAGly (UCC) gene. Samples of Marchantia paleacea ssp. diptera from Japan were used for comparative purposes.

Three haplotypes (MA, MB, and MC) were identified for the species, and almost all sequence divergence between subspecies was found to occur at the level of 0.0023–0.0032 substitutions per site. The sequence divergence between M. polymorpha and M. paleacea was tenfold greater (0.0331–0.0340). We did not detect any differences between M. paleacea and homologous sequences from the reference chloroplast genome of M. polymorpha obtained from the GeneBank (NC_001319). It was confirmed that the cell suspension line A-18 used for the sequencing of the full chloroplast genome in 1986 was incorrectly taxonomically annotated.
Aquinas and Contemporary Epistemology
Authors: Gamache Joseph ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2018

Whether and how truth is a norm of belief is a contentious issue in contemporary epistemology. In this paper I retrieve Aquinas’s conception of truth in order to advance a new answer to the question of what grounds the truth-norm. I begin by contrasting the two dominant contemporary accounts of this grounding, showing ways in which each succeeds and fails. Unlike the currently dominant accounts, my account seeks to ground the truth-norm in the nature of truth, as opposed to the nature of belief. Ultimately I argue that Aquinas’s conception of truth furnishes us with an account of the grounding of the truth-norm that satisfies three conditions of adequacy. Such an account (1) grounds the truth-norm in the nature of truth, (2) captures the breadth of epistemic evaluation, and (3) makes sense of the fact that truth is a norm specifically for the human person.
Socratic Dialogue Outside the Classroom
Authors: Lee James ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2018

Socratic dialogue is widely recognized as an effective teaching tool inside of the classroom. In this paper I will argue that Socratic dialogue is also a highly effective teaching tool outside of the classroom. I will argue that Socratic dialogue is highly effective outside of the classroom because it is a form of learning based assessment. I will also show how instructors can use technology like email to implement Socratic dialogue as a form of teaching and assessment, and thus offer a viable alternative to traditional assessments like exams and papers.
Tower of Hanoi: Exploring Multiple Representations
Authors: Ghosh Jonaki B.
Published: March 2018

Carefully designed tasks enable preservice teachers to explore this puzzle through concrete, pictorial, numerical, symbolic, and graphical representations and engage in explicit and recursive reasoning, deal with counting problems, create Hanoi graphs, and develop mathematical thinking.
Exploring Quadratic Functions with Logger Pro
Authors: Pope Derek
Published: March 2018

Using technology, students in an extended second year algebra class engage in an activity that introduces them to quadratic functions.
Statistical Simulation with Web-Based Apps
Authors: Quinn Anne
Published: March 2018

While looking for an inexpensive Web application to illustrate the Central Limit theorem, I found the Rossman/Chance Applet Collection, a group of free Web-based statistics apps. In addition to illustrating the Central Limit theorem, the apps could be used to cover many classic statistics concepts, including confidence intervals, regression, and a virtual version of the popular Reese's® Pieces problem. The apps allow users to investigate concepts using either preprogrammed or original data.
Examining Mistakes to Shift Student Thinking
Authors: Willingham James C. , Strayer Jeremy F. , Barlow Angela T. , Lischka Alyson E.
Published: March 2018

During a lesson on ratios involving percentages of paint, four research-based criteria are used to evaluate students' mistakes. The takeaway is that painting all mistakes with the same brush can also be a blunder.
Inspection-Worthy Mistakes: Which? And Why?
Authors: Barlow Angela T. , Watson Lucy A. , Tessema Amdeberhan A. , Lischka Alyson E. , Strayer Jeremy F.
Published: March 2018

Carefully select and leverage student errors for whole-class discussions to benefit the learning of all.
Mathematics Concepts Using STEM Connections
Authors: Appelgate Mollie H. , Jackson Christa , Jurgenson Kari , Delaney Ashley
Published: March 2018

Introduce two topics in math, volume and triangle types, by using connections to STEM. Contributors to the iSTEM (Integrating Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) department share ideas and activities that stimulate student interest in the integrated fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in K–grade 6 classrooms.