bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Phantom Pain by the Bioresonance Technology
Authors: Imanzade Mehrdad , Shafaeizadeh Ahmad , Dadpay Mosoomeh , Taheri Yegane Hamidreza , Keshvari Hamid , Bahman Abadi Mostafa , Zeynalipour Mehran
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a sensation caused by missing an organ in the body, which can be due to amputation. The prevalence of PLP due to amputation is about 82% for upper limbs and 54% for lower limbs. Case Presentation: This research describes the case of a 71-year-old female patient who developed PLP after having three middle fingers on her left hand amputated due to dipping in a meat grinder. She underwent bioresonance therapy for PLP treatment for 19 months and achieved positive results. Conclusions: Regarding the role of PLP in the patients undergoing amputation, bioresonance therapy might be beneficial in managing this condition.
Comparison of Adjunctive Quetiapine Versus Adjunctive Haloperidol in Combination with Sodium Valproate for Treatment of Patients with Mania or Mixed Feature Bipolar I Disorder: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Samiei Mercedeh , Sepehrifar Zahra , Daneshmand Reza , Sadighi Gita
Published: June 2021

Background: Acute mania causes many problems for the patient and others. Therefore, it is very important to eliminate the symptoms quickly. Objectives: The present study made the individual comparison of the therapeutic effects of sodium valproate combined with quetiapine or haloperidol as an add-on among patients with bipolar I disorder experiencing an episode of mania or mixed feature admitted to a Psychiatric Center in Tehran. Methods: The present study was a double-blind clinical randomized trial conducted on 36 patients. All patients were investigated by the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The study lasted six weeks in total (after raising drug dosage to the maximum level). We prescribed sodium valproate 15 mg/kg plus quetiapine 500 mg daily in one group and sodium valproate 15 mg/kg plus haloperidol 10 mg daily in the other group. In addition, an equivalent dosage of quetiapine and haloperidol was prescribed. This study used different data analysis methods such as Paired t test, ANOVA, and chi-square test. Results: The YMRS scores did not show any statistically significant difference between quetiapine and haloperidol receiving groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: This paper argued that a combination of sodium valproate with either quetiapine or haloperidol could be effective in the management of acute mania or mixed bipolar I disorder to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, although there was no statistically significant difference between the efficacy of these two pharmacological therapies.
Evaluation of Implementation the Principles of Surgical Safety Checklist in Operating Rooms of the Selected Hospital of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2018
Authors: Jalalvandi Fereshteh , Rostami Mohammad , Nosrati Sohrab , Feyzi Reza , Koshki Amir
Published: June 2021

Background: Although surgery is done for improving the patient’s condition, it can put every individual that undergoes surgery at risk of irreparable postoperative complications. One way to decrease the post-surgery complications is apply of surgical safety checklist. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of surgical safety checklist in operating rooms of the selected hospital of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was done by a checklist designed based on the surgical safety checklist on randomly selected 150 operations, in the selected hospital of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences between January and May 2018. Results: According to the findings, 77.1% of the safe surgery standards are observed in the operating rooms of the selected hospital. 77.48% of the safe surgery standards are observed before anesthesia, 74.8% of the standards are observed after anesthesia and before incision, and 79.33% of the standards are observed after suturing the wound until getting the patient out of the operating room. The results of t-test showed that there is a significant difference between different operating rooms in terms of the implementation of surgical safety checklist (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings show that implementation level of safe surgery standards was low. So, it's necessary to take specific measures for explain the importance of the items of this checklist and developing educational programs to explain the importance of the patients’ safety in operating rooms for the surgical staff.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Down Syndrome Screening in Iran
Authors: Rezaei Hemami Mohsen , Nojomi Marzieh , Darvishi Ali , Mohamadi Parsa Narges
Published: June 2021

Background: Down syndrome (DS) screening has been integrated into prenatal care programs in Iran. Objectives: Using cost-benefit analysis (CBA) method, this study aimed to evaluate the economic aspects of combined first trimester screening in Iran. Methods: The population of this descriptive cross-sectional study included all pregnant women in Tehran, Iran. A decision tree model was used to determine the costs and benefits of diagnosing and averting a DS fetus through screening. Direct and indirect costs of diagnosis and the incremental living costs of DS children in 2019 were calculated from societal perspective and compared with each other. Results: The cost of identifying a fetus with DS in Iran is approximately equal to 611 million Tomans (about 25,000 USD), and the incremental living cost of DS children (benefits) was about 34 million Tomans (about 2,270 USD). The net monetary benefit was negative due to the lower incremental living cost of a DS child than the cost of finding the affected fetus. Conclusions: The result of this study showed the screening tests for DS needs revision and consideration in Iran, and due to the high cost of screening, coverage with insurance organization is necessary.
Communication of deaf people based on the oral method
Authors: Kovačević Jasmina , Radovanović Vesna
Published: June 2021

Throughout history, the phenomenon of hearing impairment has been the subject of interest of altruists, philosophers, doctors, priests, teachers and pedagogues. Today, this phenomenon is approached from a multidisciplinary aspect: medical, special education, sociological, pedagogical, psychological, linguistic, cultural and technological, all off which have the communication of deaf and hard of hearing people as a thing in common. Different approaches in building communication systems for deaf have led to three basic groups of methods: nonverbal, oral and combined. This paper will present an analysis of the development and application of the oral method, which at a certain point in time played a significant role in the process of education and rehabilitation of the deaf, with special emphasis on methods of demutation, ie speech and language construction in the deaf.
Modernization of Japan
Authors: Njaradi-Mišić Kristina , Jotov Milica
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to examine socio-economic factors, both in Japan itself and at the world political scene, which influenced the creation of an authentic path to modernization, with special reference to the specific circumstances which lead to its successful completion. Modernization of Japan is primarily related to the Meiji period, which was a milestone in Japanese history and a complete turning point from the previous policy and state system. Reforms were carried out in all fields. The goals of these reforms were adaptation and modernization, resembling successful and developed countries of the West. This paper presents the path of Japan from an isolated country to an equal member of the international community, while maintaining its national and cultural identity. In mid-19th century, Japan was closed to the Western world and its technology was progressing very slowly. Shortly after, a sharp turn was made with the Meiji reform and the knowhow from the West that was accepted in the country. Before that period, Japan was self-isolated precisely in the period of epochal scientific, cultural and artistic achievements of Western Europe. Due to these circumstances, such a rapid change in the social and political system is even more surprising. As a result of the reforms, Japan became a country that successfully withstood the most challenging period in its hitherto history, protecting traditional culture in the process of accelerated modernization. In just a few decades, Japan succeeded in what no one had done ever before - it turned a self-isolated feudal state into a social and state system with an excellent basis for a continuous development according to Western models, while maintaining its national identity.
Single Use (Disposable) Duodenoscope: Recent Development and Future
Authors: Ryu Kihyun , Jang Sunguk
Published: June 2021

Unlike simple forward-viewing endoscopes such as gastroscope or colonoscope, duodenoscope houses much more complex design to fulfil its function. This design differences leave duodenoscopes more prone to contamination from inadequate disinfection process and potential dissemination of pathogens. Recent reports on dissemination of infection through the duodenoscope mandated an overhaul of duodenoscope utilization including development of a disposable duodenoscope. This article reviews the current state of disposable duodenoscope development, including reported early efficacy as well as its future direction and utilization.
Prognostic Value of Serum Fibrinogen Level in Determining the Severity of Appendicitis Inflammation in Adult and Pediatric Patients Undergoing Appendectomy in Two Local Centres in Tehran
Authors: Jahangiri Fariba , Nasiri Seyyed Javad , Negahi Alireza , Nouhifard Bahman , Farazmand Behnood , Hoseini Mostafa
Published: June 2021

Background: Despite the recent advancements, negative appendectomy cases are notable, especially in children. We evaluated the prognostic value of serum fibrinogen level for the prediction of the severity of acute appendicitis.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of children and adults who had undergone appendectomy at Ali Asghar and Rasool-e Akram hospitals, Iran, was performed. Before surgery, serum fibrinogen level was assessed by using the Clauss technique. Finally, serum fibrinogen was compared between the two groups of complicated acute appendicitis and uncomplicated ones.
Results: In the adult's complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis, no significant differences were noted in gender distribution, WBC count, and segment levels. Serum fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels in children with complicated appendicitis were significantly higher than those in the uncomplicated ones. Serum fibrinogen level of 450 mg/dl was the optimum cut-off for predicting the severity of appendicitis in children. Serum fibrinogen level in adults with the complicated appendicitis was significantly higher than the uncomplicated appendicitis group. Also, 530 mg/dl was found the best serum fibrinogen cut-off to predict the severity of appendicitis in adults.
Conclusion: Serum fibrinogen level is an appropriate diagnostic marker for the distinction of acute complicated appendicitis from uncomplicated appendicitis in children and adults.
Influência da adubação orgânica no desempenho inicial de diferentes cultivares de gergelim cultivadas em Crato/CE
Authors: Tavares Filho Gilberto Saraiva , Matias Sammy Sidney Rocha , Lins Renan Castro , Mascarenhas Nágela Maria Henrique , Araújo Cícero Aparecido Ferreira , Gregorio Mailson Gonçalves , Oliveira Airton Gonçalves de , Rodrigues Raimundo Calixto Martins , Pontes Samuel Ferreira , Matos Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva
Published: June 2021

A semente de gergelim é matéria prima para obtenção de óleo de qualidade, sendo utilizada no Nordeste brasileiro em virtude da boa adaptabilidade às características edafoclimática, constituindo, além disso, como alternativa de renda. A semente é um dos insumos mais importantes e tem um papel fundamental na produção agrícola, sendo que seu desempenho é um fator essencial para a obtenção de um estande desejável de plantas, contribuindo significativamente no rendimento da cultura. Contudo, o conhecimento da fisiologia das sementes é limitado. Dentre os testes de avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes, a germinação é o método tradicionalmente empregado para determinar o potencial máximo de germinação de um lote de sementes. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar cultivares com maiores índices de emergência e vigor, quando submetidas a diferentes percentagens de substrato bovino, comparando o potencial de duas cultivares melhoradas e duas crioulas. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado - DIC, em esquema fatorial 4x5, com quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram o Índice de emergência inicial (In.EI), Índice de emergência final (In.EF), porcentagem de emergência inicial (%EI), porcentagem de emergência final (%EF), número de dias para estabilizar a emergência (NDE) e Índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância para avaliar o efeito significativo, por meio do teste de comparação de médias Tukey a F (p ≤ 0,01) e F (p ≤ 0,05) de probabilidade para o fator qualitativo. Os dados quantitativos foram testados por regressão, escolhendo-se o modelo com maior coeficiente de determinação (R²), empregando o programa SISVAR. De acordo com os resultados, a cultivar crioula Barros apresentou maior eficiência nos seguintes quesitos analisados: IVE, NDE, %EF, %EI, In.EF e In. EI. As cultivares BRS Seda e Crioula Barros foram equivalentes na precocidade.
Casca de arroz carbonizada como substrato alternativo na propagação por estaquia de ixora (ixora coccínea)
Authors: Sousa Ana Paula de Almeida , Pontes Samuel Ferreira , Matos Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva , Santana Myllenna da Silva , Amorim Deucleiton Jardim , Costa Carlos Alberto Araújo , Moraes Lídia Ferreira , Silva Maria da Paz Pires , Santos Mayara de Sousa dos , Tavares Filho Gilberto Saraiva
Published: June 2021

A ixora (Ixora coccínea) é um arbusto muito utilizado na floricultura e se destaca pelo seu uso como bordaduras, cercas vivas entre outros. O substrato comercial, embora apresente qualidade indispensável para produção de mudas, torna o custo final bem mais elevado e uma forma de superar essa limitação é a utilização de substrato regional ou alternativo. Visto que o mercado de flores tem crescido no ramo paisagístico do agronegócio, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização da palha de arroz carbonizada como substrato para a produção de mudas de ixora via estaquia. Adotou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições referente a utilização de substrato a base de casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC). Para todos os tratamentos, realizou-se a formulação de substratos (S) nas seguintes proporções: S1- 100% de areia; S2- 20% de CAC + 80% de areia; S3- 40% de CAC + 60% de areia; S4- 60% de CAC + 40% de areia; S5- 80% de CAC + 20% de areia. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste 'F', para diagnóstico de efeito significativo e os tratamentos comparados entre si pelo teste de Duncan a 5% de probabilidade. Os substratos de casca de arroz carbonizada apresentaram resultados satisfatórios na propagação vegetativa das estacas de ixora. Recomenda-se, para propagação das estacas de ixora, a utilização de 80% de casca de arroz carbonizada acrescida a 20% de areia, como substrato alternativo para produção de mudas de ixora.
Atributos físicos do solo na cultura da mandioca sob manejo diferenciado
Authors: Lins Douglas Jhone Brito , Reis Iolanda Maria Soares , Gasparin Eloi , Vildoso Carlos Ivan Aguilar , Sia Eliandra de Freitas , Romano Maria Lita Padinha Corrêa
Published: June 2021

No Pará a atividade de mandiocultura exerce forte influencia socioeconômica e alimentar para muitas famílias. Contudo sabe-se que o rendimento por hectare no estado ainda é aquém do esperado, pois um dos limitantes de produtividade são as formas de manejo, podendo ocasionar boas ou más alterações na estrutura do solo, devido à complexidade e interação entre seus atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos. Assim, o objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar os atributos físicos do solo em plantio de mandioca sob manejo diferenciado com o uso de estatística multivariada. A área experimental está localizada na comunidade de Boa Esperança, município de Santarém, estado do Pará, Brasil, sendo avaliado as práticas de manejo: controle de plantas infestantes, diferentes sistemas de irrigação, correção de acidez do solo e densidade populacional, onde foram coletadas amostras deformadas compostas na profundidade de 0-20 cm e amostras indeformadas de 0-5 e 15-20 cm por parcela. Foram determinados a granulometria, densidade do solo, densidade de partícula e porosidade total. Os dados foram submetidos a estatística descritiva e análise de componentes principais, sendo que nos componentes principais foram identificados a formação de grupos apenas nos tratamentos com capina manual e testemunha. O tratamento testemunha demonstrou a diminuição da densidade do solo, mas neste mesmo manejo se observou o aumento da densidade do solo com a adição de cálcario. Enquanto que no tratamento com capina manual + calcário apresentou baixa densidade do solo.
Eficiência da água no combate aos incêndios florestais
Authors: Mariano Sillas Ramos , Fiedler Nilton Cesar , Canzian Weslen Pintor , Silva Elaine Cristina Gomes da , Gonçalves Saulo Boldrini , Ramalho Antonio Henrique Cordeiro
Published: June 2021

Questões econômicas e culturais, fazem com que grande parte dos combates aos incêndios florestais no Brasil ainda sejam baseados na aplicação da água como único recurso. Porém, a escassez desse recurso nas proximidades das ocorrências aliada à problemática dos períodos de estiagem e mudanças climáticas, torna necessário o uso estratégico desse recurso. Desse modo, com o presente estudo, objetivou-se a realização da análise do efeito de diferentes volumes de água no combate aos incêndios em florestas de produção. O experimento foi realizado em plantios de eucalipto com 7 anos de idade, em uma propriedade rural no município de São José do Calçado, sul do estado do Espírito Santo. O material combustível utilizado foi serapilheira seca depositada no solo de forma natural, constituída de folhas secas e galhos de até 5 cm de diâmetro. A área experimental foi composta por 18 parcelas, com dimensões de 1 m x 3 m. Foram utilizados diferentes volumes de água por metro quadrado em cada tratamento, 0,5L; 1L; 1,5L; 2L; 2,5L e testemunha sem água. Antes de iniciar o processo de ignição, aplicaram-se os devidos tratamentos de forma homogênea no espaço de 1 m2 designado para aplicação. No total, foram cinco tratamentos com três repetições cada e um tratamento testemunha, sem adição de água. No estudo foram avaliados, a altura de chamas, a velocidade do vento, tempo e intensidade de queima. A eficiência da água foi comprovada em todos os volumes testados, apresentando aumento no tempo de queima e reduções na altura das chamas e na intensidade de queima relativamente significativos. O tratamento 4 foi o mais adequado e indicado, sendo o mais viável ambientalmente e economicamente. Existe uma relação diretamente proporcional entre a altura das chamas e a intensidade de queima e inversamente proporcional entre os volumes de água aplicados e a altura de chama e intensidade de queima.
Nutrient stock in the forest component in a crop-livestock-forest integration system in Central Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Jorge Luís Sousa , Calil Francine Neves , Silva Neto Carlos de Melo e
Published: June 2021

Integrated systems are sustainable alternatives, where agricultural, forestry, and/or livestock components occupy a given area through consortium, rotation, or succession. Considering this importance, this work had as objective to quantify the stock of above-ground biomass (wood, leaves, bark, and branches) of 6 years Eucalyptus urograndis in a crop-livestock-forest integration system (CLFS). It also involved calculation of the nutrient utilization in biomass conversion through the Biological Utilization Coefficient (BUC) and design of different export scenarios of these nutrients through the harvest in order to calculate the reduction in the demand for inputs. Nutrient stock was determined from the biomass sampled in the field and from the plant tissue analysis. It is verified that the highest concentrations of macronutrients are present in wood component, except for Ca. The concentration gradient of micronutrients was: Leaves> Fe> Mn> B> Cu> Zn; Branches and Bark: Fe> Mn > B> Zn> Cu; and wood: Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > B. Considering BUC conversion rate decline, it presented the following order: S> P> Mg> Ca> N> K for macronutrients and B> Cu> Zn> Fe> Mn for micronutrients. The most appropriate export scenario was to harvest only timber component to minimize the nutritional export. The nutritional dynamics within the eucalyptus are altered according to the diametric structure of the trees. The nutritional elements are concentrated in different compartments according to the availability and need of the plants.
Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl): análise bibliométrica de publicações nas ciências agrárias no período de 2009 a 2019
Authors: Lima Max Weber dos Santos , Pauletto Daniela
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico, em artigos científicos, sobre a espécie Carapa guianensis (andiroba) publicados entre os anos 2009 a 2019, fazendo-se uso de técnicas bibliométricas. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados no portal Scielo. Foram analisados 31 artigos, sendo 23 publicados em português e 8 em inglês. Os autores mais citados foram: Ana Cláudia Lira-Guedes, Hélio Tonini e João Ricardo Vasconcelos Gama com três aparições cada. A média de autores nos artigos foi de 4 integrantes e o tempo médio de espera entre submissão e publicação foi de 17 meses. Acta Amazonica e Ciência Florestal foram as revistas com maior número de publicações no período. Com 6 publicações o ano de 2014 se destacou em relação aos demais. Amazonas e Pará foram os estados de maior representatividade em relação a locais onde se realizaram pesquisas sobre andiroba. As cidades de Manaus e Santarém se mostraram os municípios onde houve maior coleta de dados que resultou em publicações (7 e 5, respectivamente). O INPA se apresentou como a instituição de maior destaque na divulgação científica de resultados de pesquisa com a C. guianensis. A área da Silvicultura se destacou no quesito tema central e a Fisiologia obteve notoriedade quanto ao tema específico mostrando em que setores tem se concentrado o maior número de estudos.
Produtividade, anatomia foliar e qualidade de frutos de híbridos de tomateiro tipo Saladete sob ambiente protegido
Authors: Domiciano Simone Aparecida , Casagrande Jéssica Gawski , Silva Rejeane Maria da , Carvalho Marco Antonio Camillo de , Zanuzo Márcio Roggia , Yamashita Oscar Mitsuo , Silva Ivone Vieira da , Seabra Júnior Santino
Published: June 2021

Produzir tomates na Amazônia é um desafio, devido às altas temperaturas e precipitação. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o híbrido de tomateiro com maior desempenho produtivo e qualidade de fruto sob cultivo protegido em condições de altas temperaturas. O cultivo foi realizado em sistema tutorado em meia estaca, sem podas, sob cultivo protegido do tipo arco, em Nova Mutum – MT. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Foram aferidos parâmetros produtivos, físico-químicos, bioquímicos de frutos e a anatomia foliar. O híbrido ‘Lampião’ ‘Fascínio’, ‘Vedette’ e ‘Shanty’ se destacaram em produção e qualidade nutricional, comparado aos demais. Os parâmetros da anatomia foliar analisados demonstraram alterações adaptativas à luminosidade difusa, umidade e temperatura, não demonstrando correlação com a produção dos híbridos avaliados. Quanto a coloração do fruto, o híbrido ‘Candieiro’ apresentando coloração mais vermelha. O híbrido ‘Mariana’ mostrou menor desempenho em produtividade, altura da planta e concentração de licopeno, demonstrando menor adaptação ao ambiente protegido sob altas temperaturas.
Making Room for Change through Rest
Authors: Heller Margaret
Published: June 2021

Core leadership column.
Improving ITAL's Peer Review
Authors: Varnum Kenneth J.
Published: June 2021

An update on the expansion of ITAL's review process.
Devonian brachiopods of the Cantabrian Mountains (Northern Spain). 12) Ferronirhynchia new genus, an Upper Emsian rhynchonellid (Trigonirhynchiidae)
Authors: García-Alcalde Jenaro L.
Published: June 2021

The taxonomic status of the subfamily Trigonirhynchiinae is discussed based on the morphological features, together with the geographic and the stratigraphic distribution of the type genus Trigonirhynchia Cooper. The new genus, Ferronirhynchia n. gen., including the type species F. pulgari n. sp., is proposed. The new taxon, close to Trigonirhynchia, occurs in upper Emsian beds of the Moniello Formation, in Asturias, serotinus/patulus conodont zones, Faunal Intervals 14 to 16a. The ontogeny and palaeoecology of F. pulgari are analyzed. Growth of the new species is bicyclic. Juvenile forms are low and biconvex displaying sharp commissures. Adult forms are high, dorsi-biconvex, geniculate, with abrupt anterior and lateral margins. Ferronirhynchia pulgari is an opportunistic species, often found in paraautochtonous rhynchonellid assemblages that occur in quiet and muddy deposits formed below the wave-base level near or in reefal environments in the Cantabrian platfom. Shells of the new species supported a variety of small epizoans, commensalists or mutualists, mostly reticulate bryozoans, serpulid and other tubeworms, and auloporids. This life habit favoured the epizoans to escape from burial in muddy bottoms.
TAXONOMY AND AFFINITIES OF AFRICAN CENOZOIC METATHERIANS
Authors: Crespo Vicente D. , Goin Francisco J.
Published: June 2021

The record of extinct African metatherians (Mammalia, Theria) is scanty, restricted in time (Eocene–Miocene), and its taxonomy is still subject of debate. A review of all African metatherians, or alleged metatherians, known up to now, led us to the recognition of only three taxa referable to this group: (1) Kasserinotherium tunisiense (Peradectoidea?), from the early Eocene of Tunisia; (2) Peratherium africanum (Herpetotheriidae), from the early Oligocene of Egypt and Oman, and (3) an indeterminate Herpetotheriidae? from the early Miocene of Uganda. Herpetotheriids probably reached Afro-Arabia from Europe in one or more dispersal waves since the early Oligocene. Kasserinotherium, on the contrary, suggests an earlier (Paleocene) arrival from South America, judging from its alleged affinities with South American and Australian taxa. Such a migration event (probably, through a filter corridor such as the Rio Grande Rise-Walvis Ridge system in the South Atlantic) may also explain the enigmatic presence of polydolopimorphian metatherians in the Cenozoic of central Anatolia (Turkey). A more radical hypothesis is that all European (Eurasian?) Marsupialiformes have an ultimate origin in South America, from where they dispersed via Africa by the Paleocene–earliest Eocene.
The problem of establishment of All-Russian identity in multinational regions of North Caucasus
Authors: Atlaskirov Albert Ruslanovich
Published: June 2021

The dissolution of the Soviet Union actualized the problems of seeking the spiritual guidelines for further development of the country in the nascent civil society. The “new” elite that separated from the yesterday’s Komsomol workers, saw itself as part of the rich and progressive West. However, building the single social, economic, and cultural community with Europe did not turn out successful. Therefore, the processes of seeking spiritual grounds and establishing an integral, unique, All-Russian identity became particularly relevant. The research carried out among youth on the national and regional levels, demonstrate different citizens’ assessments of their identity: All-Russian and regional. If All-Russian identity is more characteristic to the residents of large cities, then the majority of young residents of the national republics of North Caucasus prioritize their regional identity. The expert survey conducted in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic reveals that in the expert community, All-Russian and regional identities are equally important. It is also noted that some regions of North Caucasus are characterized by proliferation of the ideas of consolidation around the ethnic identity of closely related peoples residing in different regions of Russia and the world. For example, the sociopolitical environment of Turkic-speaking peoples indicates the political and cultural movement of Pan-Turkism, which is focused on consolidation of all Turkic peoples. In the central and western regions of North Caucasus prevail the Circassian social movements, which promote consolidation of the scattered Circassian communities in the regions of southern Russia.
Exercise of rights of the indigenous peoples on the example of Norway's policy towards Sami population
Authors: Moroz Elena Nikolaevna
Published: June 2021

This article is dedicated to the relevant problem of preserving the lifestyle of indigenous peoples and ensuring their rights. Norway has a considerable experience in this sphere, and can serve as a positive example for the Russian in the sphere of exercising the rights and support of the indigenous small-numbered peoples. The goal of this article consists in examination of the government policy towards the indigenous peoples of Northern Norway, their current status, as well as assessment of government activity in solving the problems of Sami people. The subject of this research is the legislation and policy towards Sami people as the indigenous people of the North and minority in Norway. The methodological framework consists of systematic, retrospective and comparative analysis. Analysis is conducted on the international and domestic legal aspects of exercising the rights of Sami people. In conclusion, the author notes the recent fundamental transformation of the legal system towards sovereignty of Sami people, and moreover, the revival of their cultural and social traditions. The scientific novelty of lies in the comprehensive analysis of international and domestic means of protection of rights of the indigenous peoples of the North, as well as in assessment of the political program and government actions on maintaining their unique culture and ensuring the rights to self-governance.
Restored TDCA and valine levels imitate the effects of bariatric surgery
Authors: Quante Markus , Iske Jasper , Heinbokel Timm , Desai Bhavna N , Cetina Biefer Hector Rodriguez , Nian Yeqi , Krenzien Felix , Matsunaga Tomohisa , Uehara Hirofumi , Maenosono Ryoichi , Azuma Haruhito , Pratschke Johann , Falk Christine S , Lo Tammy , Sheu Eric , Tavakkoli Ali , Abdi Reza , Perkins David , Alegre Maria-Luisa , Banks Alexander S , Zhou Hao , Elkhal Abdallah , Tullius Stefan G
Published: June 2021

Background:

Obesity is widespread and linked to various co-morbidities. Bariatric surgery has been identified as the only effective treatment, promoting sustained weight loss and the remission of co-morbidities.

Methods:

Metabolic profiling was performed on diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, lean mice, and DIO mice that underwent sleeve gastrectomies (SGx). In addition, mice were subjected to intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections with taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and valine. Indirect calorimetry was performed to assess food intake and energy expenditure. Expression of appetite-regulating hormones was assessed through quantification of isolated RNA from dissected hypothalamus tissue. Subsequently, i.p. injections with a melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) antagonist and intrathecal administration of MCH were performed and weight loss was monitored.

Results:

Mass spectrometric metabolomic profiling revealed significantly reduced systemic levels of TDCA and L-valine in DIO mice. TDCA and L-valine levels were restored after SGx in both human and mice to levels comparable with lean controls. Systemic treatment with TDCA and valine induced a profound weight loss analogous to effects observed after SGx. Utilizing indirect calorimetry, we confirmed reduced food intake as causal for TDCA/valine-mediated weight loss via a central inhibition of the MCH.

Conclusions:

In summary, we identified restored TDCA/valine levels as an underlying mechanism of SGx-derived effects on weight loss. Of translational relevance, TDCA and L-valine are presented as novel agents promoting weight loss while reversing obesity-associated metabolic disorders.

Funding:

This work has been supported in part by a grant from NIH (UO-1 A1 132898 to S.G.T., DP and MA). M.Q. was supported by the IFB Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases (Leipzig, Germany) and the German Research Foundation (QU 420/1-1). J.I. was supported by the Biomedical Education Program (BMEP) of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). T.H. (HE 7457/1-1) and F.K. (KR 4362/1-1) were supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG). H.R.C.B. was supported the Swiss Society of Cardiac Surgery. Y.N. was supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council (201606370196) and Central South University. H.U., T.M. and R.M. were supported by the Osaka Medical Foundation. C.S.F. was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG, SFB738, B3).
Neural dynamics of semantic categorization in semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Borghesani V , Dale CL , Lukic S , Hinkley LBN , Lauricella M , Shwe W , Mizuiri D , Honma S , Miller Z , Miller B , Houde JF , Gorno-Tempini ML , Nagarajan SS
Published: June 2021

Semantic representations are processed along a posterior-to-anterior gradient reflecting a shift from perceptual (e.g., it has eight legs) to conceptual (e.g., venomous spiders are rare) information. One critical region is the anterior temporal lobe (ATL): patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), a clinical syndrome associated with ATL neurodegeneration, manifest a deep loss of semantic knowledge. We test the hypothesis that svPPA patients perform semantic tasks by over-recruiting areas implicated in perceptual processing. We compared MEG recordings of svPPA patients and healthy controls during a categorization task. While behavioral performance did not differ, svPPA patients showed indications of greater activation over bilateral occipital cortices and superior temporal gyrus, and inconsistent engagement of frontal regions. These findings suggest a pervasive reorganization of brain networks in response to ATL neurodegeneration: the loss of this critical hub leads to a dysregulated (semantic) control system, and defective semantic representations are seemingly compensated via enhanced perceptual processing.
Increased burden of familial-associated early-onset cancer risk among minority Americans compared to non-Latino Whites
Authors: Feng Qianxi , Nickels Eric , Muskens Ivo S , de Smith Adam J , Gauderman W James , Yee Amy C , Ricker Charite , Mack Thomas , Leavitt Andrew D , Godley Lucy A , Wiemels Joseph L
Published: June 2021

Background:

The role of race/ethnicity in genetic predisposition of early-onset cancers can be estimated by comparing family-based cancer concordance rates among ethnic groups.

Methods:

We used linked California health registries to evaluate the relative cancer risks for first-degree relatives of patients diagnosed between ages 0 and 26, and the relative risks of developing distinct second primary malignancies (SPMs). From 1989 to 2015, we identified 29,631 cancer patients and 62,863 healthy family members. We calculated the standardized incident ratios (SIRs) of early-onset primary cancers diagnosed in proband siblings and mothers, as well as SPMs detected among early-onset patients. Analyses were stratified by self-identified race/ethnicity.

Results:

Given probands with cancer, there were increased relative risks of any cancer for siblings and mothers (SIR = 3.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.85–3.85) and of SPMs (SIR = 7.27; 95% CI: 6.56–8.03). Given a proband with solid cancer, both Latinos (SIR = 4.98; 95% CI: 3.82–6.39) and non-Latino Blacks (SIR = 7.35; 95% CI: 3.36–13.95) exhibited significantly higher relative risk of any cancer in siblings and mothers when compared to non-Latino White subjects (SIR = 3.02; 95% CI: 2.12–4.16). For hematologic cancers, higher familial risk was evident for Asian/Pacific Islanders (SIR = 7.56; 95% CI: 3.26–14.90) compared to non-Latino whites (SIR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.62–4.20).

Conclusions:

The data support a need for increased attention to the genetics of early-onset cancer predisposition and environmental factors in race/ethnic minority families in the United States.

Funding:

This work was supported by the V Foundation for funding this work (Grant FP067172).
Combination of inflammatory and vascular markers in the febrile phase of dengue is associated with more severe outcomes
Authors: Vuong Nguyen Lam , Lam Phung Khanh , Ming Damien Keng Yen , Duyen Huynh Thi Le , Nguyen Nguyet Minh , Tam Dong Thi Hoai , Duong Thi Hue Kien , Chau Nguyen VV , Chanpheaktra Ngoun , Lum Lucy Chai See , Pleités Ernesto , Simmons Cameron P , Rosenberger Kerstin D , Jaenisch Thomas , Bell David , Acestor Nathalie , Halleux Christine , Olliaro Piero L , Wills Bridget A , Geskus Ronald B , Yacoub Sophie
Published: June 2021

Background:

Early identification of severe dengue patients is important regarding patient management and resource allocation. We investigated the association of 10 biomarkers (VCAM-1, SDC-1, Ang-2, IL-8, IP-10, IL-1RA, sCD163, sTREM-1, ferritin, CRP) with the development of severe/moderate dengue (S/MD).

Methods:

We performed a nested case-control study from a multi-country study. A total of 281 S/MD and 556 uncomplicated dengue cases were included.

Results:

On days 1–3 from symptom onset, higher levels of any biomarker increased the risk of developing S/MD. When assessing together, SDC-1 and IL-1RA were stable, while IP-10 changed the association from positive to negative; others showed weaker associations. The best combinations associated with S/MD comprised IL-1RA, Ang-2, IL-8, ferritin, IP-10, and SDC-1 for children, and SDC-1, IL-8, ferritin, sTREM-1, IL-1RA, IP-10, and sCD163 for adults.

Conclusions:

Our findings assist the development of biomarker panels for clinical use and could improve triage and risk prediction in dengue patients.

Funding:

This study was supported by the EU's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-281803 IDAMS), the WHO, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Lära sig att stå ut
Authors: Westerlund Stina , Samuelsson Marcus
Published: June 2021

Denna artikels tänkbara svar på frågan varför vi har slöjd i den svenska grundskolan är förankrat i teorier om motstånd (Senneth, 2008) och teorier om kommunikation och ledarskap (Hamre m.fl., 2013). Svaret pekar på en potential knuten till att lärare i slöjd medvetet leder elever till motstånd i slöjdundervisningen och stannar hos dem under motstånd genom att erbjuda både krav och stöd. Utifrån en re-analys av tidigare insamlade videoobservationer beskrivs tre lärare, i olika slöjdgrupper, som förhåller sig på skilda sätt till en av sina elever som möter externt eller skapar internt motstånd i pågående slöjdarbete. Analysen syftar till fördjupad förståelse av hur elevers möte med motstånd uppstår och hur detta kan relateras till lärares förhållningssätt. De tre lärarna har delvis olika sätt att leda undervisning och att erbjuda sina elever mer eller mindre emotionellt stöd, organisatoriskt stöd och stöd för lärandet. Genom sina olika sätt att förhålla sig till, arbeta med och språkliggöra motståndet gör deras elever olika erfarenheter av möten med motstånd i skolslöjd.
Keywords: Motstånd, Emotionellt stöd, Lärande stöd, Organisatoriskt stöd, Didaktiskt ledarskap, Re-analys
ScaleUp: middleware for intelligent environments
Authors: Alghazzawi Daniyal , Aldabbagh Ghadah , Saad AL-Malaise AL-Ghamdi Abdullah
Published: June 2021

The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) expands to an ultra-large-scale, which provides numerous services across different domains and environments. The use of middleware eases application development by providing the necessary functional capability. This paper presents a new form of middleware for controlling smart devices installed in an intelligent environment. This new form of middleware functioned seamlessly with any manufacturer API or bespoke controller program. It acts as an all-encompassing top layer of middleware in an intelligent environment control system capable of handling numerous different types of devices simultaneously. This protected de-synchronization of data stored in clone devices. It showed that in this middleware, the clone devices were regularly synchronized with their original master such as locally stored representations were continuously updated with the known true state values.
Increasing 28 mitogenomes of Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Plecoptera support the Chiastomyaria hypothesis with three different outgroup combinations
Authors: Yu Dan-Na , Yu Pan-Pan , Zhang Le-Ping , Storey Kenneth B. , Gao Xin-Yan , Zhang Jia-Yong
Published: June 2021

Background

The phylogenetic relationships of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) and Ephemeroptera (mayflies) remain unresolved. Different researchers have supported one of three hypotheses (Palaeoptera, Chiastomyaria or Metapterygota) based on data from different morphological characters and molecular markers, sometimes even re-assessing the same transcriptomes or mitochondrial genomes. The appropriate choice of outgroups and more taxon sampling is thought to eliminate artificial phylogenetic relationships and obtain an accurate phylogeny. Hence, in the current study, we sequenced 28 mt genomes from Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Plecoptera to further investigate phylogenetic relationships, the probability of each of the three hypotheses, and to examine mt gene arrangements in these species. We selected three different combinations of outgroups to analyze how outgroup choice affected the phylogenetic relationships of Odonata and Ephemeroptera.

Methods

Mitochondrial genomes from 28 species of mayflies, dragonflies, damselflies and stoneflies were sequenced. We used Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML) analyses for each dataset to reconstruct an accurate phylogeny of these winged insect orders. The effect of outgroup choice was assessed by separate analyses using three outgroups combinations: (a) four bristletails and three silverfish as outgroups, (b) five bristletails and three silverfish as outgroups, or (c) five diplurans as outgroups.

Results

Among these sequenced mitogenomes we found the gene arrangementIMQMin Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera), and an inverted and translocatedtRNA-Ilebetween the 12S RNA gene and the control region in Ephemerellidae (Ephemeroptera). TheIMQMgene arrangement in Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) can be explained via the tandem-duplication and random loss model, and the transposition and inversion oftRNA-Ilegenes in Ephemerellidae can be explained through the recombination and tandem duplication-random loss (TDRL) model. Our phylogenetic analysis strongly supported the Chiastomyaria hypothesis in three different outgroup combinations in BI analyses. The results also show that suitable outgroups are very important to determining phylogenetic relationships in the rapid evolution of insects especially among Ephemeroptera and Odonata. The mt genome is a suitable marker to investigate the phylogeny of inter-order and inter-family relationships of insects but outgroup choice is very important for deriving these relationships among winged insects. Hence, we must carefully choose the correct outgroup in order to discuss the relationships of Ephemeroptera and Odonata.
Characterization of auxin transporter AUX, PIN and PILS gene families in pineapple and evaluation of expression profiles during reproductive development and under abiotic stresses
Authors: Zhao Heming , Maokai Yan , Cheng Han , Guo Mingliang , Liu Yanhui , Wang Lulu , Chao Shi , Zhang Minqian , Lai Linyi , Qin Yuan
Published: June 2021

Polar auxin transport in plant is mediated by influx and efflux transporters, which are encoded by AUX/LAX, PIN and PILS genes, respectively. The auxin transporter gene families have been characterized in several species from monocots and eudicots. However, a genome-wide overview of auxin transporter gene families in pineapple is not yet available. In this study, we identified a total of threeAcAUX genes, 12 AcPIN genes, and seven AcPILS genes in the pineapple genome, which were variably located on 15 chromosomes. The exon-intron structure of these genes and properties of deduced proteins were relatively conserved within the same family. Most protein motifs were widespread in the AUX, PIN or PILS proteins, whereas a few motifs were absent in only one or two proteins. Analysis of the expression profiles of these genes elucidated that several genes exhibited either preferential or tissue-specific expression patterns in vegetative and/or reproductive tissues. AcAUX2 was specifically expressed in the early developmental ovules, while AcPIN1b and AcPILS2 were strongly expressed in stamens and ovules. AcPIN9b, AcPILS1, AcPILS6a, 6b and 6c were abundantly expressed in stamens. Furthermore, qRT-PCR results showed that several genes in these families were responsive to various abiotic stresses. Comparative analysis indicated that the genes with close evolutionary relationships among pineapple, rice and Arabidopsis exhibited similar expression patterns. Overexpression of the AcAUX1 in Arabidopsis rescued the phenotype in aux1-T, and resulted in increased lateral roots in WT. These results will provide new insights into auxin transporter genes of pineapple and facilitate our understanding of their roles in pineapple growth and development.
Potency of bisresorcinol from Heliciopsis terminalis on skin aging: in vitro bioactivities and molecular interactions
Authors: Saechan Charinrat , Nguyen Uyen Hoang , Wang Zhichao , Sugimoto Sachiko , Yamano Yoshi , Matsunami Katsuyoshi , Otsuka Hideaki , Phan Giang Minh , Pham Viet Hung , Tipmanee Varomyalin , Kaewsrichan Jasadee
Published: June 2021

Background

A bisresorcinol was isolated as the main constituent of Heliciopsis terminalis’s trunk (Proteaceae). Recently, resorcinol is applied as an active whitening agent in various cosmetic products. Because of the structural mimic to resorcinol, benefits of the bisresorcinol as an aging-enzyme antagonist were demonstrated in this study.

Methods

The bisresorcinol was purified from the crude ethanolic extract of H. terminalis’s trunk by solvent extraction and preparative chromatography, respectively. Inhibitory activity on collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase of the compound was investigated by using a different spectroscopic technique. Molecular docking was carried out to predict possible interactions of the substance around the enzyme active sites.

Results

The IC50 values on collagenase of the bisresorcinol and caffeic acid were 156.7 ± 0.7 and 308.9 ± 1.6 µmole L−1, respectively. For elastase activity, the IC50 of 33.2 ± 0.5 and 34.3 ± 0.3 µmole L−1 was respectively determined for the bisresorcinol and ursolic acid. The bisresorcinol was inhibitory to tyrosinase by exhibiting the IC50 of 22.8 µmole L−1, and that of 78.4 µmole L−1 was present for β-arbutin. The bisresorcinol bound to collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase with the respective binding energies of −5.89, −5.69, and −6.57 kcal mol−1. These binding energies were in the same ranges of tested inhibitors. The aromatic phenol groups in the structure were responsible for principle as well as supporting binding interactions with enzymes. Hydrogen binding due to hydroxyl groups and π-related attractive forces from an aromatic ring(s) provided binding versatility to bisresorcinol.

Conclusion

The bisresorcinol purified from H. terminalis might be useful for inclusion in cosmetic products as an aging-enzyme antagonist.