bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, SOLVABILITAS, AKTIVITAS, DAN RISIKO INVESTASI TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR OTOMOTIF DAN KOMPONEN
Authors: Liana Riska Fethy
Published: December 2019

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji adanya pengaruh kinerja keuangan (profitabilitas, solvabilitas, aktivitas) dan risiko investasi terhadap return saham perusahaan. Profitabilitas diukur dengan menggunajan Net Profit Margin (NPM). Solvabilitas diukur dengan menggunakan Debt to Equity ratio (DER). Rasio Aktivitas diukur dengan menggunakan Total Asset Turnover (TATO). Risiko investasi diukur dengan menggunakan standar deviasi. Penelitian ini menggunkana pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode regresi berganda. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel berupa perusahaan-perusahaan sektor otomotif dan komponennya yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2011-2015. Dengan total sampel yang digunakan adalah 12 perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan rasio profitabilitas (net profit margin), solvabilitas (debt to equity), aktivitas (total asset turnover), dan risiko investasi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap return saham sebesar 45,7%. Sedangkan secara parsial hanya net profit margin dan risiko investasi saja yang berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap return saham.

Kata kunci: Profitabilitas, Solvabilitas, Aktivitas, Risiko Investasi, dan Return Saham.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to impact of financial performance which measured by profitability, solvability, activity, and investment risk toward the companyâ€™s stock return. Profitability is measured by net profit margin (NPM). Solvability is measured by debt to equity ratio (DER). Activity is measured by total asset turnover (TATO). Investment risk is measured by deviation standard. This study uses quantitative approach with multiple regression method. This study uses sample of The Otomotive and Component Company which listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2011-2015. The total of the sample which used in this study is 12 companies. Result show that simultant profitability ratio (NPM), solvability ratio (DER), activity ratio (TATO), and investment risk of significantly influence on stock return shares of 45,7. While partial only variable net profit margin and investment risk significantly influence toward stock return.

Keyword: profitability, solvability, activity, investment risk, stock return.
COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN EFFORTS TO INCREASE COMPETITIVENESS IN KARAWANG REGENCY (CASE STUDY ON GROUP OF NON-EMPLOYEE COOPERATIVES IN KARAWANG REGENCY)
Authors: Nurdinasari Siti , Isyanto Puji
Published: December 2019

Abstract

The purpose of the research to find out how the implementation of non-employee cooperative management strategy in Kabupaten Karawang. Research with qualitative approach based on postpositivesme philosophy, is used to examine the natural object condition where the researcher is as the key instrument, the sampling of the data source is done purposively, the collecting technique with triangulation, the data analysis is inductive / qualitative, and the result of more qualitative research Emphasizing the meaning of generalization.

From the results of research, obtained the following conclusions: (1). Non-Employee Cooperatives in Kabupaten Karawang that have been established Implementation Strategy management is still not optimal, (2). The concept of competitiveness of non-Employee Cooperatives in Kabupaten Karawang as an independent economic institution, has not been applied, (3). Constraints faced by cooperatives in facing the competitiveness of cooperatives implicate inhibiting the ability of the competitiveness of cooperatives in Karawang regency, especially Human Resources which is the main resources as a driver of cooperatives and strategic management of human centered cooperatives, (4). Cooperative development strategies in an effort to increase competitiveness require development and require the attention of various parties. Furthermore, the established cooperatives should apply strategic management by applying the organization's and management's standards seen from the organization.

Keywords: Cooperative, Strategic Management, Competitiveness.
ANALISIS PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSET BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT PADA PT. BPR POLIN JAYA
Authors: Mulyadi Dedi , Din Alexander
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Influence Analysis of Financial Ratios Return on Assets Rural Bank in PT . BPR Polin Jaya.

The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence and find clarity phenomena and conclusions about the effect of variable Financial Ratios Return on Assets Rural Bank in PT . BPR Polin Jaya

This thesis is expected to provide input for the bank and customer management for decision making with regard to CAR, NPL, NIM, ROA, LDR and ROA, and economics in general.

This research uses descriptive and verification methods, namely; collecting, presenting, analyzing, and testing hypotheses, and make conclusions and suggestions.

From the analysis of research data, obtained the following conclusions:

1. The role of capital adequacy of banks in running the business anyway, is something that absolutely must be met. With the fulfillment of CAR by the bank then the bank can absorb losses suffered, so that the activities carried out will be run efficiently, and ultimately the profits from the bank is increasing.

2. The role of the bank's management is very cautious in lending to borrowers so as to minimize loans become problematic

3. The ability of banks to earn interest income from the good and bad effect on the bank's Return on Assets. If the acquisition of the bank NIM ratio increases, the Return on Assets (ROA) of the bank will also increase.

4. The level of efficiency of the bank's operating costs greatly affect the Return on Assets. The more efficient or small bank operating costs, the profit gained greater

5. The level of liquidity of a bank affects the bank's Return on Assets. The more optimal level of liquidity the bank, then the third party funds disbursed in the form of greater credit. With the growing amount of credit granted, the profits to be gained are also getting bigger

6. Effect of CAR, NPL, NIM, ROA, LDR simultaneously significant effect on ROA of 92.7%

From these results, it can be concluded that the Return on Assets can be influenced by CAR, NPL, NIM, ROA, LDR, which means Return on Assets can be enhanced through improved CAR, NPL, NIM, ROA, LDR accordance with the regulations of Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.

Keywords: CAR, NPL, NIM, BOPO, LDR dan ROA
PENGARUH PERAN KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH, MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU PADA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KECAMATAN PEDES KABUPATEN KARAWANG
Authors: Pratama Tina Destiana
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini berjudul Suatu Kajian Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, Motivasi Berprestasi dan kepuasan Kinerja terhadap Kinerja Guru di SD Kecamatan Pedes Kabupaten Karawang.

Masalah utama yang akan dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa kinerja guru di lingkungan SD Kecamatan Pedes belum optimal. Hal ini diduga antara lain dipengaruhi oleh Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, Motivasi Berprestasi dan Kinerja guru. Dari bahasan tersebut, peneliti sangat tertarik untuk mengadakan penelitian di SD Se-Kecamatan Pedes. Masalah yang dibahas perlu dibatasi yaitu sejauh mana pengaruh Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, Motivasi Berprestasi dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap kinerja guru. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru di SD Se-Kecamatan Pedes, sebanyak 146 orang. Alat analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur.

Hasil perhitungan deskriptif menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan persepsi responden mengenai Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, Motivasi Berprstasi dan Kepuasan Kinerja Guru SD Kecamatan Pedes serta Kinerja Guru berada pada kategori cukup baik. Sedangkan hasil analisis deskriptif melalui analisis jalur diperoleh nilai besarnya pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung menunjukan bahwa pengaruh Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah secara langsung adalah sebesar 31,9%, mengaruh tidak langsung melalui motivasi berprestasi sebesar 17.0%. pengaruh tidak langsung melalui kepuasan kinerja sebesar 25.3%, sehingga total pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru adalah sebesar 25.8%. Pengaruh langsung motivasi berprestasi terhadap kinerja guru adalah sebesar 31,9%, pengaruh tidak langsung kompetensi guru terhadap kinerja guru melalui motivasi kerja guru adalah sebesar 17.0% dan total pengaruh kompetensi guru terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 25.3%,. Pengaruh langsung motivasi kerja guru terhadap kinerja guru adalah sebesar 31,9%, pengaruh tidak langsung melalui manajerial kepala sekolah sebesar 5,18% dan pengaruh tidak langsung melalui kompetensi guru adalah 25.8% dan total pengaruh motivasi kerja guru terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 17.0%.

Hasil perhitungan Koefisien determinasi (R kuadrat) yang dinyatakan dalam persentase mengambarkan besarnya kontribusi semua variabel bebas dalam menentukan kinerja (Y) adalah sebesar 74.2%. Sedangkan faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dan turut mempengaruhi kinerja ditunjukan oleh nilai PyÐ„ = 0.258 atau sebesar 25.8%.

Kata Kunci : Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, Motivasi Berprestasi, Kepuasan Kerja , Kinerja Guru.
PENGARUH FUNGSI MANAJEMEN TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA DOSEN UNIVERSITAS BUANA PERJUANGAN KARAWANG
Authors: Tuhagana Aji
Published: December 2019

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fungsi manajemen terhadap produktivitas kerja dosen Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang. Data yang diperoleh melalu angket yang disebarkan kepada 52 orang dosen sebagai responden, kemudian diolah melaui bantuan program SPSS 18, diperleh data sebagai berikut :

Hasilkorelasi analisa korelasi dan regresi variabel fungsi manajemen dan variable produktivitas kerja dosen memiliki nilai sebesar 0,662. Artinya arah hubungan kedua variabel tersebut positif, apabila variabel fungsi manajemen naik maka variabel produktivitas kerja dosen juga akan naik, di mana jika semakin baik fungsi manajemen dijalankan, maka produktivitas kerja dosen akan semakin baik pula, begitu juga sebaliknya. Sedangkan korelasi antara variabel X dan Y adalah kuat.

Koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,438, menjelaskan bahwa persamaan regresi yang diperolah dapat menerangkan 43,8% variasi produktivitas kerja dosen atau bisa dikatakan bahwa persamaan regresi yang diperoleh cukup baik untuk menjelaskan variabel fungsi manajemen. Dari hasil uji statistik diperoleh pengaruh variabel bebas (fungsi manajemen) terhadap variabel terikat (produktivitas kerja dosen) dengan nilai p-value sebesar 0,0005.

Ringkasan Hasil Pengolahan Data Regresi

Keterangan B Standar Eror thitung Sig Keterangan

Constant 20,843 7,457 2,795 0,007 Signifikan

Fungsi Manajemen (X) 0,695 0,111 6,248 0,0005 Signifikan

Nilai R = 0,662 Sig F = 0,0005 Jumlah Sampel = 52

Nilai R2 = 0,438 F hitung = 39,034 Î¬ = 0,05

Persamaan Regresi Y = Î²0 + Î²1 X1 + e

Produktivitas Kerja Dosen = 20,843 + 0,695*Fungsi Manajemen + e

Hasil analisa statistik terhadap produktivitas kerja dosen dan fungsi manajemen, dengan nilai konstan sebesar 20,843 dan nilai b = 0,695 didapatkan persamaan regresinya sebagai berikut:

Y = Î²0 + Î²1 X1 + e

Produktivitas Kerja Dosen = 20,843 + 0,695*Fungsi Manajemen + e

Dimana:

a. Konstanta Î²0 sebesar 20,843 artinya jika faktor fungsi manajeman konstan atau sama dengan 0 (nol), maka besarnya produktivitas kerja dosen adalah 20,843 satuan.

b. Nilai Î²1 yang merupakan koefisien regresi dari variabel X1 (fungsi manajemen) sebesar 0,695 artinya jika terjadi peningkatan fungsi manajemen sebesar 1 satuan, maka produktivitas kerja dosen akan mengalami kenaikan atau peningkatan sebesar 0,695 satuan.

Kata Kunci : Fungsi Manajemen; Produktivitas Kerja
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA RESTORAN DAN PENACINGAN AJO KARAWANG BARAT
Authors: MM Wanta
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada pelanggan Restoran dan Pemancingan Ajo Karawang Barat, populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh pelanggan Restoran dan Pemancingan Ajo yang datang selama penelitian berlangsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Restoran dan Pemancingan Ajo â€“ Karawang Barat. Alat analisis yang digunakan yaitu uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, analisis korelasi dan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil analisis korelasi kualitas pelayanan dengan kepuasan masyarakat diperoleh nilai korelasi sebesar 0,779. Nilai korelasi tersebut berada pada daerah kuat (0,600 â€“ 0,799 = kuat) dan positif (searah) atau dapat dikatakan bahwa korelasi atau hubungan kualitas pelayanan dengan kepuasan pelanggan mempunyai tingkat hubungan kuat dan searah (positif). Jika kualitas pelayanan naik maka kepuasan pelanggan akan naik, demikian sebaliknya. Hasil analisis regresi linier model summary diperoleh nilai koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 0,779 atau R > 0, artinya bahwa terdapat hubungan kuat (0,600 â€“ 0,799 = kuat) antara kualitas pelayanan dengan kepuasan pelanggan. Nilai koefisien determinasi (R Square atau R2) sebesar 0,60,70 atau 60,70%. Nilai tersebut menunjukan kemampuan variabel kualitas pelayanan (X) menjelaskan variansi pada variabel kepuasan pelanggan (Y) sebesar 60,70% dan sisanya sebesar 39,30% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain (e) yang tidak diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Faktor lain tersebut seperti pemberian kompensasi, budaya organisasi, motivasi kerja, prestasi kerja dan lain-lain. Hasil analisis regresi linier model anova diperoleh nilai signifikansi F sebesar 0,000 (P-value) artinya bahwa variabel kualitas pelayanan (X) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel kepuasan pelanggan (Y). Atau dengan memperhatikan nilai Fhitung (344,754) yang mempunyai nilai lebih besar dari nilai Ftabel (3,89) atau 344,754 > 3,89 yang berarti bahwa variabel kualitas pelayanan (X) berpengaruh terhadap variabel kepuasan pelanggan (Y). Hasil analisis regresi linear model coefficients diperoleh persamaan regresi linear ganda yaitu Y = 12,305 + 0,722 X + e.

Kata kunci : Kualitas Pelayanan, Kepuasan Pelanggan
IDENTIFIKASI PERILAKU KERJA KARYAWAN DI KAWASAN INDUSTRI YANG BERSTATUS MAHASISWA (SURVEY PADA KARYAWAN INDUSTRI KABUPATEN KARAWANG YANG KULIAH DI UNIVERSITAS BUANA PERJUANGAN KARAWANG)
Authors: Tuhagana Aji , Romli Asep Darojatul
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK Karayawan merupakan bagian terpenting yang akan menggerakkan roda organisasi perusahaan. Perilaku kerja karyawan yang baik akan memberikan dampak kinerja yang baik pula dalam mendukung tujuan perusahaan, dan sebaliknya perilaku kerja karyawan yang tidak baik akan sangat merugikan pencapaian tujuan perusahaan. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi 30 indikator kinerja karyawan di perusahaan industry sekitar kawasan industry di Kabupaten Karawang. Sampel adalah mahasiswa yang berprofesi sebagai karyawan di berbagai kawasan indusri. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 230 orang yang diambil secara stratified random sampling dari seluruh mahasiswa yang ada di Universitas Buana Perjuangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada umumnya perilaku karyawan industri di Kabupaten Karawang adalah baik, tidak berperilaku â€œCounterproductiveâ€. Perilaku yang harus mendapat perhatian terdapat pada indikator saat karyawan menghadapi kebijakan baru dan menhadapi metode kerja baru. Analisis Faktor membentuk 7 kelompok dengan kemampuan memprediksi mencapai 67,171 % dari populasinya.

Key Word : Perilaku Kerja, Perilaku negartif, Perilaku Positif.
PERAN STAKEHOLDER LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN DALAM USAHA MENUMBUHKAN JIWA WIRAUSAHA DIKALANGAN MAHASISWA ( STUDI KASUS MAHASISWA JURUSAN MANAJEMEN PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI DI KABUPATEN KARAWANG )
Authors: Savitri Citra , Suherman Enjang , . Suroso
Published: December 2019

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan peran para stakeholder beserta kendala yang hadapai lembaga pendidikan dalam usaha menumbuhkan jiwa berwirausaha di kalangan mahasiswa jurusan Manajemen pada Perguruan Tinggi di Karawang Metode penelitian dengan mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini melalui instansi atau lembaga yang berkaitan dan website yang relevan dengan pokok bahasan yaitu kewirausahaan, kemudian di analisis dengan menggunakan Focus Group Discussion ( FGD ) dan wawancara khusus pada para Stakeholder dalam Lembaga Pendidikan di daerah Kabupaten Karawang dikhususkan pada Jurusan Prodi Manajemen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat peran stakeholder perguruan tinggi prodi manajemen kabupaten karawang dalam upaya meningkatkan jiwa wirausaha mahasiswa melalui: (a) Kurikulum Pendidikan Program Studi; (b) Program Mahasiswa Kewirausahaan; (b) Metode Pembelajaran Kewirausahaan; (c) Pelatihan Kewirausahaan Mahasiswa; (d) Kerjasama Lambaga dalam kewirausahaan. Namun terdapat kendala kegiatan tersebut yaitu (a) Partisipasi Mahasiswa; (b) Pola Pikir Mahasiswa; (c) Modal Usaha Awal; (d) Biaya Kegiatan Kewirausahaan; (e) Inkubator Bisnis Kata Kunci : Peran Stakeholders, Jiwa berwirausaha, Mahasiswa.

Abstract This Reseach aims to prove the role of stakeholders and the obstacles faced by educational institutions in an effort to foster entrepreneurship among students majoring in Departement of Management at collages at Karawang. The research method is by collecting data in this reseach through relevant institutions and websites that are relevant to the subject matter, namely entrepreneurship, then analyzed using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and special interviews with stakeholders in educational institutions in the Karawang specifically in Department of Management Study Program. The results of this reseach indicate that there is a role of stakeholders in Department of Management Study Program educational institutions at Karawang an effort to improve the spirit of student entrepreneurship through: (a) Education Curriculum for Study Programs; (b) Entrepreneurship Student Program; (b) Entrepreneurship Learning Methods; (c) Student Entrepreneurship Training; (d) Cooperation of Institutions in entrepreneurship. But there are obstacles to these activities, namely (a) Student Participation; (b) Student Mindset; (c) Initial venture capital; (d) Activities Costs of Entrepreneurship; (e) Business Incubator.

Keywords: Role of Stakeholders, Soul of Entrepreneurship, Students
ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN SITUS BOOKING ONLINE TRAVELOKA
Authors: Ekawaty Novian , Batu Reminta Lumban , MM Wanta
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran kualitas pelayanan, gambaran loyalitas pelanggan dan mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pengguna traveloka pada Google Play sebanyak 331.095 dan diambil sampel sebanyak 100 responden dengan menggunakan rumus slovin dengan tingkat error 10% melalui metode random sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier sederhana dan uji asumsi klasik. Pengujian dilakukan dengan bantuan software SPSS versi 16. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan secara simultan maupun parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan.

Keywords: Kualitas pelayanan, loyalitas pelanggan
Susunan Redaksi
Authors: Redaksi Susuan
Published: December 2019

Susunan Redaksi

Jurnal TechnoXplore

( Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Teknologi Informasi )

Pelindung : Dr. H. Dedi Mulyadi, SE, MM

Pimpinan Redaksi : Budi Rismayadi, SE, MM

Sekretaris Redaksi : Ayu Ratna Juwita, S.Kom.

Anggota Redaksi : - Oman Komarudin S.Si, M.Kom

- Sutan Faisal, M.Kom.

- Suryah Al Chin Chin Suryasari, M.Kom.

- Dedih, M.Kom.

- Adi Rizky Pratama, S.Kom.

- Candra Zonyfar, S.Kom.

Diterbitkan oleh Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat

Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Alamat Redaksi :

Jl. HS Ronggowaluyo Telukjambe Timur Karawang 41361

Telp/Fax. 0267 8403140, email : jurnal@ubpkarawang.ac.id

Website : jurnal.ubpkarawang.ac.id
An Investigation of Potential Effects of Opening of Turkish-Armenian Border on the Turkish and Armenian Economies
Authors: Bocutoğlu Ersan , Bulut Emre
Published: December 2019

Turkish-Armenian border has been closed due to Nagorno-Karabagh question since 1993. The fact that the 20% of Azerbaijan territory is under Armenian invasion has prevented investigation of potential economic effects of Turkish-Armenian border on related parties so far from being a research agenda. In this study a descriptive approach is adopted since statistical data in hand is inappropriate for an econometric investigation. Long run advantages that an open border brings to Turkey are alternative highway, railway and pipeline routes to Caspian Sea basin and Central Asia while short run advantages are economic gains to Turkish border provinces and port cities connected with Armenia. The long run and short run benefits are vital for Armenia whose economy is agrarian, dependant heavily on foreign trade and foreign aids, experienced high transportation costs, unstable, poor and loosing population although the population data does not reflect the real situation. For Armenia, an open border means a direct territorial connection to European Union (EU), new employment opportunities, up to 23% fall in transportation costs, trans-border pipeline benefits, a flourished foreign trade, and increasing material well being. Consequently the opening of Turkish-Armenian border is strongly advised for it is beneficial to the related parties under the assumption that a resolution on Azeri-Armenian conflicts is reached
Eurasia Economies in Context of Competition Policy
Authors: Taşar M. Okan , Çevik Savaş
Published: December 2019

Global economy, especially after 1990 have had a liberal approach to structural transformation and reveal the effectiveness of "liberalization" is defined as the process. Together with the global financial crisis started to be discussed this process with a more intense competition and the growing importance of the concept of expanding the size of the country in terms of a systematic policy of competition policy with all the other words are required.
Within the general framework of the so-called Eurasia in the Turkic World in this transformation to create new institutional structures and market mechanisms are working. Decades of an ongoing economic system and a complex new system into the market place, this transformation is absolutely raises a number of structural problems. Yet even liberal economies have experienced economic crises at the regional and global environment is taken into account, and ideally a fully functioning market institutions does not occur.
In this context, competition policy and sub-elements should be defined. Rationalized in terms of market economy should be set to the required qualifications. As for this purpose, work on the first section describes the conceptual background and will be shaped. In the following section, Turkic World Economies mainly as provided in the development process of market reforms and competition policies are introduced, which arise in the functioning of a market economy, or "market failures" will be discussed.
Interrelation Between Sectoral Growth Rates
Authors: Önden Ismail , Özer Bilal , Karaağaç Alper
Published: December 2019

The concept of globalization has arisen from a combination of those developments together with certain political and cultural issues. Economically the term globalization refers to the decrease of borders between states since goods and services, capital, and labour flows from one state to each other easily. This flow makes economic sectors and markets more integrated to each other, and as a result the interaction between them gains significance.

With the emergence of the globalization process, commercial borders such as tariffs, restrictions and heavy duties have been cut out or lightened, since the new integrated economic system requires the border-less flow of factors of production. In such a globalized economic system, the growth or contraction of a specific sector in one country can have an effect on another, since markets are inter-connected and world trade is at its highest levels. Similarly, financial crises affect different sectors of different countries at changing levels, as in the case of the recent world financial crisis.

Within this context the aim of this study is to observe in what degree the global sectors are in interaction with each other. The first part of the study is constituted of specifying the sectors that are going to be observed such as agriculture, manufacturing, services and finance. Secondary and quantitative sectoral data of the major world economic powers and Turkey have been collected. In the next step the classified sectoral data for different countries or country groups is compared and analysed to represent the sectoral interaction.
Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Growth in Turkey
Authors: Bildirici Melike , Aykaç Alp Elçin , Kayıkçı Fazıl
Published: December 2019

This study aims at analyzing the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Growth in Turkey by using Threshold Cointegration. As the studies about the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on growth are surveyed, it is seen that all of them uses liner methods except two. Starting point of these studies that use liner methods are the positive relationship between Growth and Foreign Direct Investment. As such, Yılmaz and Barbaros (2006) find positive relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and market size in Turkey between 1980 and 2001. Erdal and Tatoğlu (2002) reach the same conclusion for the period of 1980-1998 by using real Gross Domestic Product as a proxy for market size. Deichmann, Karidis and Sayek (2003) find positive linkage between Foreign Direct Investment and Gross Domestic Product in Turkey by using Conditional Logit Model. Bildirici and Bozoklu (2008) find positive relationship between growth and Foreign Direct Investment by using Markov Switching Vector Auto Regression method. Katırcıoğlu (2009) analyses the connection between Foreign Direct Investment and economic development by using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag and indicates that economic development causes net Foreign Direct Investment. Darrat and Sarkar (2009) state the affirmative effects of the Foreign Direct Investment on growth as expected theoretically. Bildirici, Bozoklu (2008) find positive relationship between growth and Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey. Bildirici, Alp and Kayıkçı (2010) state the existence of threshold effect for these variables. This study intends to research this effect in historical perspective, using Threshold Cointegration Analysis.
The Impact of Globalization on Eurasian Economies: Prospects for Development in the 21st Century
Authors: Berberoglu Berch
Published: December 2019

The post-Soviet transformation of Eurasian economies over the past two decades has taken place within the context of the globalization process that has affected many countries around the world. Globalization of capital and transformation of these countries in a market-oriented direction through privatization and joint-ventures with foreign capital has had varied effects in growth and development of Eurasian economies. These developments have taken place at various rates and at varying speeds, depending on the country, especially when one contrasts those in Central Asia with other countries in more developed regions of Eurasia, such as Turkey. In Turkey, a hybrid model of development has evolved over several decades -- one that is built on a strong economic base inherited from the past, where heavy state intervention in the economy has led to the development of a viable industrial infrastructure upon which private capital has expanded and benefited immensely. Thus, the Turkish economy can serve as a model for other Eurasian economies that lack the necessary industrial and financial base, but are able to address the region’s economic problems through a partnership with Turkey. Although a common characteristic of Eurasian economies is the adoption of neoliberal economic policies and integration into the global economy, which often has a negative impact on national economies, a careful approach in engaging with the global economy with heavy state support to guide through the process (as in China) could result in a positive outcome that fosters growth and development of the Eurasian region in the twenty-first century.
Corruption and Economic Liberty in Central Asian Republics (2001-2008)
Authors: Sözen İlyas , Çelik Ahmet Alkan , Sarı Selahattin
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to examine, in the period between two global economic crises, the progress of economic freedom along with corruptions in Central Asian Republics, integrated into the free market economy according to “the Washington Consensus” since late 1990s. According to exportation of natural sources, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan together with Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan all seemed to have entirely different economic structures. Basic macro economic variables, economic liberty indicators and corruption data covering the period of 2001-2008 are to be discussed. In the light of the outcomes of this study, it is observed that, while the social structure in the countries exporting natural sources is stronger, due to the authoritarian structures of the countries in both groups of countries, bureaucratic corruption increases consistently. As Central Asian Republics are in a state of unsuccessful transition into the market economy, the betterment in legislation does not debug the system called “limbo” (neither planned economy nor free market).
A comparative analysis of remittance behaviour between East European and North African migrants
Authors: Roman Monica , Ileanu Bogdan , Roman Mihai
Published: December 2019

The labour migration in Europe is a phenomenon with multiple effects, both positive and negative. Money sent by emigrants to their families is increasing their quality of life and has positive effects on the family relations; therefore it can be identified an increasing interest in the literature in studying such aspects.
The purpose of the paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of the migrants’ propensity to sending money to the origin country.
The study is based on data coming from the National Immigrant Survey of Spain (in Spanish: Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes – 2007). A total of 15,475 interviews were carried out. Moroccans, Romanians, and Ecuadorians represent 30% of the total number of immigrants resident in Spain.
We employ a binary logistic regression model in order to identify the impact of socio-demographical factors on the probability of sending money abroad from Spain. Our aim is to identify cultural discrepancies in remittances sending, according to origin of migrants. We are mainly focusing on two large groups of respondents, which are North African and South Eastern Europe migrants. The variables employed are age of respondent, education, Intention to return in the country of origin, The period spent in Spain, gender of respondent, and the relation with the country of origin defined by the frequency of visits in the country. We identified similar patterns and also significant differences among the two groups.
Migrants' Remittances in Romania and Balkan Countries: A Macro-Economic Perspective
Authors: Goschin Zizi , Popa Aura , Roman Mihai
Published: December 2019

The remittances of international migrants contribute to the well-being of their households of origin and also have an impact at macro-economic level. Out-migration is an effective means for low-income households to quickly overcome shortages of income. The sustenance of poor households might have been more difficult without such remittances. From a macro-perspective, remittances contribute to the equalization of the income distribution among households having out-migrants. This study examines the significance of selected macro-economic and demographic factors associated with remittance behaviour in Romania and several Balkan countries (Bulgaria, Turkey and Albania) as characterized by the propensity to remit and the amount remitted. The extent to which remittances affect the living standard of house-holds left behind is also appraised.
In this respect we used macroeconomic datasets provided by World Bank and national statistical institutes. We develop a model to study the effects of migration and remittances on inequality in the origin communities, by employing regression analysis. Among the main findings is that the evolution of the regional Gross Domestic Product is positively related to the growth of the amount of remittances conveyed through the official network as part of the total amount of remittances.
The Dependency Game and Potential Gains in Energy Sector of Eurasia
Authors: Reel Yeşim
Published: December 2019

The integration of the Eurasian super-continent will potentially have major implications for the Eurasian region, and also for the world economy.
Traditionally, economic integration has ben analyzed and measured mostly with regard to trade and transport linkages. Turning from the most obvious linkages in energy to other areas, the first point to be made is that the collapse of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) had a devastating impact on trade within the former Soviet regional trading bloc known as COMECON (Linn and Tiomkin,2007).
Opening Greater Central Asia to continental trade in energy and goods would give countries in the region greater access to foreign technology and foreign exchange revenue, increase market access. Forecasts about the positive effects of construction and restoration of road corridors suggest there could be enormous gains (Norling and Swanström,2007).
Moreover, potential gains in energy transit are also massive (Pandian,2005).
It is stated that the increasing demand for Eurasian energy is creating a very interesting dependency game involving three groups of countries. The existing dependencies are based on a number of variables (Svedberg,2007).
The aim of this paper is to analyze the current situation, the dependency game and potential gains in Eurasia’s energy sector. The current situation’s analysis presents a framework which shows Eurasia’s energy sector’s data, trends and problems. The dependency game indicates the linkages between different countries which are related to the sector, and these countries’ positions. The potential gains are important particularly in energy production, energy projects and energy trade for Eursia. Considering all these, first part presents introduction. The second part analyzes the current situation, the dependency game and, gives outcomes of this dependency in the sector. Third part presents the potential gains for this sector. Last part gives a conclusion.
Convergence Across Kazakh Regions
Authors: Frey Miriam , Wieslhuber Carmen
Published: December 2019

Even though Kazakhstan is one of the most successful transition countries in Central Asia it has been neglected in the literature on regional convergence. This paper fills the gap with an empirical analysis of the convergence process on the regional level using annual gross regional product (GRP) data for the period 1998-2008 for the 16 Kazakh regions. Sigma convergence implies that the dispersion of per capita GRP, measured as the standard deviation of per capita GRP across regions, declines over time. Given the growing variation in per capita GRP over time this phenomenon cannot be found for Kazakhstan. In the neoclassical growth model, under the assumption of similar steady states, the growth rate of per capita GRP is negatively related to the initial level of per capita GRP. Surprisingly, we do not find this relation for the Kazakh regions. The data show that there is no evidence for absolute beta convergence. In contrast, the Kazakh regions even seem to diverge.
Major Current Economic and Political Problems Facing Eurasian Countries
Authors: Hiç Mükerrem
Published: December 2019

Political and economic developments and problems are either directly or indirectly linked to each other. Hence, I would be dealing here with both. But the problems are so serious, numerous and complicated that I will be content with only submitting a list of these problems without deepening on any. It should also be stressed that Eurasia itself as a geographical entity covers a very large number of countries with different historical, political and economic backgrounds. Hence, we may have to think about different regions or groups of countries. On the European side, even the EU is not homogeneous today. We have the United Kingdom, Scandinavian countries, developed continental European countries, Iberian countries, the Balkans and Eastern European countries. Even in simple developmental terms, we have at least two tiers, a first tier of democratically and economically developed countries, and the second tier those with less experience in democracy and less economically developed. In Asia, on the other hand, we have such big countries as Russia, China, Japan and India, as well as such regional groups as South-East Asian countries, Central Asian Turkic-origin countries, Caucasian, Afghanistan and Pakistan also including Bangladesh, and Middle-Eastern, with Iran as a separate politico-economic entity. Similarly, Turkey, at the cross-roads between Europe, Asia and the Middle-East, is another, but different unique case.
Ukraine Pension System and Financial Markets: Conceptualization Problems
Authors: Rad Nataliya
Published: December 2019

The paper analyzes some aspects of Ukrainian pension system formation. All its three levels taken as a whole are a real source for the formation of domestic investment resources and implementation of their potential through financial market instruments. At the present stage relationship of these two institutes is pronounced in the frameworks of non-state pension funds. Implementation of the accumulative level of pension system has only to accelerate processes at work. Investigation is focused on the problems of integrating pension system investment resource into financial market infrastructure. It is noted that in the current conditions infrastructure of domestic financial market is being formed. Its instruments are developed and are functioning irregularly. However, there exist general problems that require their solution. They are related to insufficient operational capacity and efficiency of financial market regulating mechanism and other factors. Analysis of the quality of implementation of financial market basic macroeconomic function associated with redistribution of pension savings allowed us to make conclusion on the incompatibility of the achieved level of its development with the current needs adjusted for pension reform. Proposals for improvement of the concept of pension system and financial market along the lines of their harmonization and enhancement of the functioning efficiency in the context of social-economic development of Ukraine are worked out.
Recent Monetary Policy in Turkey: Capital Flow, Reserves and Exchange Rate
Authors: Gazioğlu Şaziye
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we investigate the recent monetary policies and development of Turkish banking system during the post 2001 financial and banking crisis. We explore the effects of capital inflows and outflows to real exchange rates and the real stock market prices, before and after the financial crisis. We investigate the relationship between real exchange rate, real stock prices and capital flows. We decompose the foreign flows into real assets and liabilities, in order to investigate the possible long-term effect of inflows and outflows. Reversal of capital flow seems to create a possibility of exchange rate crisis. The Turkish Central Bank by taking lessons from this experience they formulate their recent policies accordingly.
Recent Monetary Policy mix in Turkey aims to have financial stability by increasing the reserve ratio in each component of capital flows in Turkey. The ratio increases shorter the period of the asset. The Central Bank work claims to have an effect similar to inflation targeting.
Developing Country Concerns on Multinational Trade: Problems of Kyrgyzstan’s Trade Development
Authors: Budaichieva Aidai , Akmoldoev Kiyalbek , Junushbaeva Jarkyn
Published: December 2019

The essence of global economy lies in creation of multilateral trading system. However, in current world practice the multilateralism does not respond to its ideal concept: countries do not get equal gains from multilateral trading system. Dependence on import is the major concern of developing countries within WTO. As other developing countries Kyrgyzstan has a negative trade balance. Yet non-membership appears to be an even less viable option. The aim of this paper is to find out an appropriate trade policy for Kyrgyzstan.
The Current State of Audit Services in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Supataev Kylychbek
Published: December 2019

Studied the organizational aspects of the formation and current state of audit services for the whole country, as well as by region. Problems of the quantitative growth of skill-certified auditors and its impact on improving the quality of the audit. Explored public knowledge about the necessity and usefulness of the audit, and its influence on the formation of national capital in total capital of real sector of the economy. The role of audit in the development of financial and economic activities of businesses. Determined the influence of audit on the transition economy, reviewed its present contradictions, acute legal problems and prospects of development.
A Test of the McKinnon’s Complementarity Hypothesis between Money and Physical Capital in the Case of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Doğan Harun
Published: December 2019

The main purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the validity of McKinnon’s complementarity hypothesis on economic growth of Kyrgyzstan for the period of 1996–2009. McKinnon’s (1973) central thesis argues poorly functioning financial systems in developing countries may effect investment quality and growth rate of the economy in negative direction. McKinnon’s (1973) complementary hypothesis predicts that money and investment are complementary, to the contrast neoclassical and Keynesian theory, due to a self-financed investment in developing economies. In other words, according to McKinnon, financial liberalization should generate positive impacts on growth as consequence of positive relation between money and physical capital in developing countries after financial liberalization. The empirical researches conducted on complementarity hypothesis have found mixed results on the link between money and physical capital. However, empirical analysis of Kyrgyzstan’s economy is very important because of its peculiarities, it has both a trancition and developing economy, which in case of the McKinnon’s complementarity hypothesis is very essential. Thus, Kyrgyzstan, as many developing countries, have undertaken financial liberalization programs during the past twenty years after collapse of Soviet Union.
Therefore, the study analyzes long run and short run association among the real rate of interest on deposits, private investments, economic growth, and domestic savings behavior in Kyrgyzstan, using annual time series data for 1996-2009 with techniques of ARDL Cointegration Error Correction Model. The results does not support the McKinnon’s complementarity hypothesis between money and physical capital on the period for 1996-2009 in the Kyrgyzstan’s Economy.
The Great Game in Asia: Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Özgün Tevfik Orçun , Uçmaz Meral
Published: December 2019

Marked the 19th Century, “The Great Game” which took place between Great Britain and Imperial Russia, has determined the fates of many other nations. In practical sense, the term is expired in the first quarter of the 20th Century. States of Central and Southern Asia, involved in the strategic plans of Great Powers focused their interest to Central Asia in the 20th Century. Especially, after the collapse of the Soviet Union the strategicially important Kyrgyzstan has become an area of struggle between the United States, Russia, and strategically rising China in order to hold economic concessions. This paper tries to handle the strategic games played internationally on Kyrgyzstan addressing the reference frame of “The Great Game”.
Structure of the Turkish Firms in Kazakhstan: Projections and Recommendations
Authors: Barak Osman
Published: December 2019

This work puts forward both the current situation of Turkish enterprises in Kazakhstan according to production, marketing and financial dimensions; presents foresights and projections to future in respect of the structural dimension, and proposes advices to investors in the light of these foresights and projections. This work introduces the situation of Turkish enterprises based in Kazakhstan in the 20th year of independence by making the structural analysis. By looking to the findings (symptoms) of this work, in particular the datum findings of the SWOT analysis, we evaluate the problems of Turkish investors and present some solutions. In this paper benefited from the datum of the Turkish firms working in Kazakhstan.
A Look at the Perceptions of the Turkish Youth towards Shangai Cooperation Organization from a Marketing Perspective
Authors: Kartal Burak , Sofyalıoğlu Çiğdem
Published: December 2019

In search of new markets and trade partners after its thrill for European Union has faded, Turkey began to look at its east recently. Having strong ties with many countries in Central Asia due to its cultural and historical ties, Turkey is a bridge between Europe and Asia. Due to its importance and successful historical development, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is Turkey’s one of few options. In order to build closer trade relations between Turkey and members of the SCO, it’s better to know what Turkish people, especially youth know and think about the Organization. This pioneer empirical study, by examining a sample of Turkish university students’ knowledge and attitude towards SCO, is a first step of building the relations between the Organization and Turkish people and Turkish youth. Findings indicate that Turkish youth examined have positive attitude towards SCO compared to other alternative integrations and organizations. Besides, they think that a stronger SCO will be in favor of Turkey both economically and politically. Also, gender differences seem to exist like women’s tendency towards North American and South American integrations.
National Features of Economic Policy in the Global Crisis and Post-Crisis Period
Authors: Rasulev Alisher
Published: December 2019

The main feature of present stage in global economic system development is the overcome of global financial crisis and global financial architecture reformation, which requires anti-crisis adjustment in monetary policy. There are two important issue related to realization of anti-crisis program: the relation of anti-crisis policy nature and purpose to national economic development strategy and final aim of economic policy. The second important issue is elimination of contradictions between national policy (interests) and global values.
The given article focuses on the features of national economy development on conditions of world economic crisis and the post crisis period, the role of government as the basic actor in economy management, the principal direction of the anti-crisis program and measures of Uzbekistan.