bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
General Aspects Concerning Possibilities of Joining by Friction Stir Welding for some of Couples of Materials Usable in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Cojocaru Radu , Boţilă Lia Nicoleta , Ciucă Cristian , Radu Bogdan , Verbiţchi Victor , Perianu Ion Aurel
Published: May 2019

In recent years, due to its extraordinary qualities, friction stir welding process FSW has found its utility in more and more industrial applications in fields such as: aerospace, aeronautics, naval, automotive and railway. The paper summarizes several achievements in the FSW joining of couples of similar and dissimilar materials used in the automotive industry. There are presented aspects regarding the welding of ferrous metal materials (DD13), couples of non-ferrous metallic materials (Al Cu range) and steels with aluminum. The behavior of FSW of material couples in terms of analysis of microstructural improvements and mechanical characteristics is analyzed. The preliminary results obtained have shown that the FSW process can be successfully applied to the joining of the approached material couples, but with the use of optimized welding tools and technologies.
Feasibility Analysis for Repair of Large Diameter Hydro Turbine Shaft Based on Weldability Test and Welding Cycle Simulation
Authors: Momčilović Dejan , Odanović Zoran
Published: May 2019

Turbine and generator rotors and shafts undergo high stresses during regular working life and, from a safety and operational aspect, are the most significant components of a power generation system. Depending on the appropriate operating conditions, like temperature and/or corrosion the, shafts can be fabricated out of low/high alloy heat resistance material or of low alloyed, highly toughened material for different application. Despite known good practice and developed operation procedures, the failures of shafts sometimes occur. The right and well-defined failure analysis is the basis for feasibility analysis of repair method in the power generating industry. The analysis of direct and indirect costs of repair after the failure analysis as well as the analysis of the repair and post-repair conditions of the repaired element is the vital for decision on the key question. Is it possible to repair this element and what is the optimal repair strategy This paper compares and analyses two approaches, by weldability analysis and weld cycle simulation, in order to determine welding feasibility analysis of cracked hydro turbine shafts.
Research on Metallurgic Active Precursors
Authors: Binchiciu Emilia-Florina , Sîrbu Nicuşor Alin , Voiculescu Ionelia , Geantă Victor , Mnerie Gabriela-Victoria
Published: May 2019

The paper presents the current state of researches carried out in order to improve homogeneity of mixtures for metallic powders; our priority is those with different participation in the mixture, by mechanical alloying. Mixtures of this type are used in the production of welding and related materials.Recently, research has been done to improve deposited metal properties by welding with coated electrodes, by depositing nanostructures, with uncertain results due to the low degree of homogeneity of blends involved in the electrode coating.The performance enhancement method for coated rods, developed by introducing in their coat activating precursors, used for brazing, is well known. The solution to improve the degree of homogeneity of alloying systems by mechanical alloying has been successfully applied for the manufacture of coated electrodes and those tubular with a composite core which are deposited by manual welding or TIG welding, type Fe25% Cr-4% W-V-Ti-La. The grouping of powder components for mechanical alloying was done in such a way that, finally, we have groups with the granulation, respectively specific weight, close and a low potential of segregation.The method of mechanical alloying of the components was used in the manufacture of coated rods in order to improve the fluidity of silver-rich buffer layers deposited in order to favor the diffusion phenomena of brazing alloys in the base materials.Testing the homogeneity of the alloying systems was performed indirectly by metallographic analysis and sclerometric tests.
Activating Precursors for Brazing Processes that Deposit Two Layers through Melting
Authors: Binchiciu Emilia-Florina , Voiculescu Ionelia , Geantă Victor , Sîrbu Nicuşor Alin , Perianu Ion Aurel
Published: May 2019

We present the manufacturing process, by melting in a controlled environment, of specific alloys that have a benefic effect on the diffusion phenomena’s in the base material of the addition coated rods for brazing. The friable precursors obtained by melting are grinded with the purpose of integrating them in the coat of the rods, namely the addition material. The metallurgic activation activity of the precursors is enhanced by using them as nano-powders in the coat of the rods.Of major importance for deep joint capillary brazing are the fluidity and superficial tension of the melt - addition material, or, in case of non-ferrous alloys, the degree of de-oxidation of base materials. In order to improve the above mentioned characteristics, we made precursors type: 5o% Cu-45% Sn-5% P (CIF); 92% Cu-2% Si 6% P- (RAV). The batch design was done by two distinct melting processes, in high frequency currents (CIF) and electric arc (RAV) in a controlled environment. The melts were cast in graphite forms as loose briquettes. The briquettes thus obtained were analyzed structurally and sclerometrically, and after testing, they were grinded in planetary mills until we obtained nano-powders. The resulting powders will be used, as required, to prepare brazing sheaths.
Method and Technologies for Cutting and Sealing Composite Polymeric Materials
Authors: Sîrbu Nicuşor Alin , Oancă Octavian Victor , Binchiciu Emilia-Florina , Mnerie Gabriela-Victoria , Graur Darius
Published: May 2019

Existing equipment units in specialized industry market, used to process composite polymeric materials, are made with constructive solutions dedicated to specific applications, actual cutting operation are being achieved by thermal effect often resulting in burns of the material on the working area, the version proposed in this paper, a hybrid technology using ultrasonic energy assisted thermic energy, proved to be an excellent solution.The technical problem solved by solution presented by our technology is represented by real market necessity of providing clean processing – in this case cutting and sealing, of composite polymeric materials, in the form of strips, which must correspond in dimensional and qualitative terms to specifications in product documentation, textile tape, used in the textile, food, medical and army industries.
Nondestructive Testing of Linear-Butt Welding with the Phaser XS
Authors: Florea Vlad Alexandru , Tihanov-Tănăsache Daniel , Oancă Octavian Victor , Duma Iuliana
Published: May 2019

In certain welded constructions (e g. trails pipes) the weld root is no longer accessible after its completion. As a result, the weld root defects cannot be visually observed. Under these circumstances the root must be examined with ultrasounds on the other accessible side of the seam. The paper .presents the results of the flaw examination which was subject to an pipe, butt welded, made it with coated electrodes
Effects of Annealing Parameters on Epitaxial Graphene on SiC Substrates
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Yun , Zhao Zhi Fei , Zhou Ping , Yin Zhi Jun , Li Zhong Hui
Published: May 2019

The effects of annealing on epitaxial graphene on SiC substrates with various conditions are investigated. Results show that high pressure hydrogen atmosphere is more effective to decouple the epitaxial graphene from SiC substrate than that of a relative lower pressure process. Besides, the characteristic 2D-peak of graphene in Raman spectra disappeared with an annealing temperature 1000 °C, which means that the epitaxial graphene layer was decomposed in this condition. The study also shows that the decomposition of graphene can be effectively suppressed by increasing carbon vapor partial pressure through introducing ethylene during high pressure hydrogen annealing at 1000 °C. And the epitaxial graphene is successfully transferred to quasi free standing graphene by the annealing with an appropriate flow of ethylene.
Simplified Silicon Carbide MOSFET Model Based on Neural Network
Authors: Lee Yu Hao , Zhang Mu , Niu Ping Juan , Ning Ping Fan , Liu Lei , Lee Shu Shu
Published: May 2019

Silicon carbide (SiC) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) has become the core device of power-switching converters with its excellent characteristics. An accurate and simple model of medium voltage SiC MOSFET is necessary for device evaluation, system design, and power converter efficiency prediction. This paper presents an equivalent circuit simulation behavior model, of which all parameters are abstracted from the datasheet, based on a three layers’ artificial neural network. The inputs are the gate voltage and the drain-source voltage, and the output is the drain current. In addition, the method of importing the neural network into circuit simulation software Pspice is discussed. The model is simple to create with no additional experiment, and is suitable for engineers at all stages to evaluate SiC MOSFET characteristics. The accuracy of the new model proposed in this paper has been verified by comparison with the data in the datasheet.
Comparison of High Voltage SiC MOSFET and Si IGBT Power Module Thermal Performance
Authors: Du Yu Jie , Li Jin Yuan , Wang Peng , Cui Mei Ting
Published: May 2019

Silicon carbide (SiC) devices have been gradually applied in power electronic for the characteristics of high voltage, high power densities, elevated operating temperature and low switching energy loss. In this paper, a SiC MOSFET welding power module is proposed based on high voltage Si IGBT standard module structure to evaluate the thermal performance. The thermal lateral spread model expounds the expansion of the heat flow in the vertical crossing of a thermal conductor, and thermal resistance distributions of packaging materials in Silicon carbide and Silicon power module are studied through the COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software based on the thermal lateral spread model assumption that minute changes in thermal conductivity would produce no alterations in heat spreading angle. The result indicate that SiC MOSFET module gives the larger thermal resistance than the Si IGBT module with the same encapsulation structure but higher power densities for SiC, what’s more, the solder for die attach and direct bonding copper which include upper copper, substrate and lower copper contribute more thermal resistance in SiC MOSFET module. The differences of thermal Performance in SiC and Si modules can be obtained to benefit us in optimizing SiC MOSFET power module structure design and packaging materials selection.
Recent Progress of SiC MOSFET Devices
Authors: Iwamuro Noriyuki
Published: May 2019

SiC MOSFETs are superior candidates as next power semiconductor devices for many power transform systems. Owing to high requirement of stability for the whole application systems, it is essential to explore the optimized structures and operations for SiC MOSFETs with not only the extremely low on resistance but also much higher robustness. Overview on recent device technologies of SiC MOSFETs is given.
Lâ€™ITALIANO DEI FRANCESI NEI PRIMI ANNI DELLâ€™OTTOCENTO
Authors: Colombo Laura
Published: May 2019

During the 19th Century, many French literary works exhibit the fascination and appeal of Italy and contain numerous insertions written in Italian. On the other hand, during their stay in Italy, French writers and intellectuals often contributed to local periodicals or were welcomed into Italian Academies. Among these authors, Giovanni Salvatore De Coureil and AimÃ© Guillon, who are the object of this study, are famous mainly for their controversies with Monti and Foscolo. However, they also published interesting works the different linguistic and aesthetical, (both Italian and French), codes, examined with reference to the various political events relating to both Countries, from the First French Empire to Bourbon Restauration. A brief analysis of these writings illustrates their thematic variety that deals with literary and dramatic criticism as well as translation issues, in which heteroglossia phenomena intertwine with interculturalism.
FRANCISCO JAVIER CLAVIJERO (1731-1787) AUTOTRADUTTORE ALLâ€™ITALIANO
Authors: Marchetti Giovanni Gentile G.
Published: May 2019

Arriving in Italy following the expulsion of the Jesuits from all the territories of the Spanish crown, the Mexican Francisco Javier Clavijero did not delay much to conceive the work that earned him the fame of initiator of the modern Latin American historiography. Eager to correct the erroneous and, in many ways, teratological image that the philosophes had offered of America, he composed, in the Spanish language, his, still fundamental today, Historia antigua de MÃ©xico, which, however, for various reasons, had to remain manuscript for a long time. Instead, he published it in Italian (Storia antica del Messico, 4 vols., Cesena, Biasini, 1780-81), two years after finishing it, in March 1778. The considerable extension of the work certainly makes Clavijero credible when he claims to have imposed himself a â€œnew and difficult task by translating [his books] into the Tuscanâ€. The solutions that he adopts for some translation problems in the field of the subject dealt with are preferibiles to those of most contemporary translators of similar works.
Effectiveness of Pacing as a Learned Strategy for People With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Guy Lauren , McKinstry Carol , Bruce Chris
Published: May 2019

Importance: Pacing is a key pain management strategy used by occupational therapy practitioners when working with people with chronic pain. However, there is a paucity of evidence and a lack of consensus regarding the effectiveness of pacing as a pain management strategy for people with chronic pain.

Objective: To evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of pacing as a learned strategy for people with chronic pain.

Data Sources: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to undertake a systematic review. Six databases were searched in March 2016 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Combinations of keywords and MeSH terms were used as search terms.

Study Selection and Data Collection: We sought intervention studies that included participants using pacing as a strategy. Studies were assessed for eligibility on the basis of predetermined criteria. Of the 2,820 articles located, 7 RCTs met inclusion criteria.

Findings: Pacing does not reduce the severity of pain or alter psychological traits; however, it can assist in lessening joint stiffness and the interference of fatigue and in decreasing the variability of physical activity.

Conclusions and Relevance: Current evidence supports the delivery of a learned pacing intervention to reduce the interference of fatigue, reduce joint stiffness, and decrease physical activity variability but does not support the use of learned pacing to reduce pain severity. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of pacing as a pain management strategy within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health domains of activity and participation.

What This Article Adds: This systematic review examines existing research on pacing as a learned intervention strategy. The findings will support the clinical reasoning of occupational therapy practitioners, to determine when a learned pacing strategy is indicated, and considerations for how it may be delivered.
Energy Scenarios and Justice Towards Future Humans
Authors: Melin Anders , Kronlid David
Published: May 2019

Energy production and consumption give rise to issues of justice for future humans. By analysing a specific case – Swedish energy politics – this article contributes to the discussion of how consideration for future humans should affect energy policy making. It outlines three different energy scenarios for the period 2035-2065 – the nuclear-renewables, the renewables-low and the renewables-high scenarios – and assesses them from the point of view of justice for future individuals by using the capabilities approach as a normative framework. We cannot make a definitive assessment of the different scenarios due to the great uncertainties involved in determining the impacts on individuals living between 2035 and 2065 and individuals born thereafter, but we still conclude that we have certain reasons to prefer the renewables-low scenario since it avoids certain risks connected with the other scenarios. The economic growth in this scenario is lower than in the others, but we question whether this is a disadvantage from the point of view of the capabilities approach.

Keywords: energy scenarios, justice, future generations, capabilities approach
Clinical and Clinicopathological Features in Dogs with Uncomplicated Spontaneous Hyperadrenocorticism Diagnosed in Primary Care Practice (2013–2014)
Authors: Bennaim Michael , Centola Steven , Ramsey Ian , Seth Mayank
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to report clinical and clinicopathological abnormalities in canine spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) and assess the relationship between patient size and those findings. A questionnaire was made available to primary care veterinarians to gather information on cases diagnosed with canine spontaneous HAC. Inclusion criteria were an adrenocorticotropic stimulation test and/or low-dose dexamethasone suppression test consistent with HAC. Exclusion criteria included concurrent systemic diseases, any clinical sign (CS) not typically associated with HAC, a urinary corticoid:creatinine ratio within reference interval, administration of steroids during the 3 mo before diagnosis, treatment with any drug causing CSs of HAC, and ongoing treatment for canine spontaneous HAC. Sixty-two cases were identified. The prevalences of various CSs were similar to those historically reported. No association between the patient weight and CSs was identified. The platelet count was negatively correlated to the weight (P = .005, r 2 = 0.3). Alanine aminotransferase (P = .016, r 2 = 0.17) and alkaline phosphatase (P = .05, r 2 = 0.0014) activities were positively correlated to the CS ratio. In this group of dogs, CSs were not significantly different between dogs ≤20 kg and dogs >20 kg. The prevalences of various clinical findings appeared to be similar to those historically reported. Dogs with more CSs tended to have higher alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities.
Outcome and Prognostic Indicators for Hemangiopericytomas in Dogs: 167 Cases (2009–2016)
Authors: Kravitz Ariel , Davis Garrett , Bastian Richard P. , Fittipaldi Kelsey
Published: May 2019

This retrospective study evaluated the postoperative outcome and clinical parameters associated with prognosis in 167 client-owned dogs with 167 hemangiopericytomas. Parameters that were reviewed for an association with long-term outcome included signalment, clinical history, results of staging tests, tumor and surgical variables, and administration of adjunctive therapy. History of previous surgery, type of surgery performed, status of surgical margins, tumor location, and whether adjunctive therapy was performed were associated with tumor recurrence. The distal forelimb was the most common location reported overall (46/167 [27.5%]). Dogs with tumors located at the tail/perineum had the fastest recurrence rate, with a median disease-free interval of ∼16 mo (505 days). Tumor grade alone was not associated with recurrence (P = .069), but when analyzing tumor grade and margin, low-grade tumors with dirty margins had a significantly shorter time to recurrence than low-grade tumors with either clean or narrow margins. Tumor location should be considered when assessing the treatment plan and follow-up recommendations for any hemangiopericytomas. Aggressive initial surgical treatment is recommended when possible to reduce the chance of local tumor recurrence.
Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis and Characterization of Dermoid Sinuses in Two Dogs
Authors: Jones Susan , Adin Christopher , Thompson Elizabeth , Robertson Ian , Rivas Rudy
Published: May 2019

A 6 mo old male castrated bloodhound–Rhodesian ridgeback mix (case 1) presented for a mass suspected to be a dermoid sinus in the thoracolumbar region, and a 2.5 yr old male castrated Rhodesian ridgeback (case 2) presented for a mass suspected to be a dorsal cervical dermoid sinus. Both dogs underwent single-phase contrast computed tomography (CT) to characterize the extent of the dermoid sinus prior to surgical excision. Soft tissue and bony abnormalities of the vertebral spine associated with the dermoid sinuses were confirmed in both dogs prior to surgery, demonstrating communication with the dura of the spinal cord. Surgical exploration and excision of the dermoid sinus was performed in each dog, including partial laminectomy. Both cases had resolution of the sinus and an uncomplicated recovery. These cases show that single-phase contrast CT was accurate in characterizing the extent of the dermoid sinus without adjunctive tests or more invasive diagnostics. Single-phase contrast CT should be considered as a preoperative method to characterize the extent of dermoid sinuses, avoiding the risks associated with myelography or fistulography and the expense of MRI. This is also the first report of a dermoid sinus in the thoracolumbar region and the first in a bloodhound and Rhodesian ridgeback mix.
Care transition to skilled nursing facility – A model and a case study
Authors: Tanniru Mohan , Jones Jacqueline , Kazziha Samer , Hornberger Michelle
Published: May 2019

Background: Healthcare providers have focused on improving patient care transitions to reduce unanticipated readmission costs, improve patient care quality post-discharge and increase patient satisfaction. This is especially true in US since the introduction of the Affordable Care Act. While there are several practices and evidence-based programs discussed in the literature to address care transition post-discharge, the key challenge remains the same – how to structure the care transition program to influence its effectiveness. In this paper, we focus on modeling one particular care transition – moving a patient from a hospital to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) – and discuss how improved capacity building and use of intermediaries such as advanced nurse practitioners have shown promise in reducing patient readmissions.Method: The methodology proposed here uses service dominant (SD) logic research to inductively derive a model for service exchanges between the two provider ecosystems. This model is then used to analyze service gaps and look for opportunities to innovate within an SNF and improve its capacity to deliver care. Use of intermediation that expands the service model with the addition of more care providers besides the hospital and SNF is also discussed to reduce patient readmissions.   Results: The study demonstrates that a number of actors have to work collaboratively to make care transition effective in meeting the patient and provider goals. Specifically, when two care facilities, hospital and SNF, are involved in care transition, opportunities exist to improve their internal capacity to address care within and across facilities.    Conclusion: The paper makes two important contributions. It shows the role of SD Logic in identifying opportunities for service innovations in support of care transition, and it shows the role of actors in provider-customer ecosystems to make the transition effective.
A Sage on a Stage, to Express and Impress: TED Talks for Improving Oral Presentation Skills, Vocabulary Retention and Its Impact on Reducing Speaking Anxiety in ESP Settings
Authors: Salem Ashraf Atta M. S.
Published: May 2019

This study explores the impact of using TED Talks on improving oral presentation skills of Business English students and vocabulary uptake/retention. It also assesses the impact of improving such hard cognitive skills on increasing Business majors’ speaking anxiety level. Sequential explanatory mixed method was used, which includes both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analyses. Business students’ oral presentation skills were assessed through Oral Presentation Skills Sheet (OPSS), vocabulary retention was assessed through Vocabulary Uptake/Retention Test (VURT), and speaking anxiety level was assessed through Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA) (Mörtberg, Jansson-Fröjmark, Pettersson, & Hennlid-Oredsson, 2018). Participants in the study consist 49 students, who were divided into two groups; experimental group consisting of 24 students, and control group that includes 25 Business English majors. Findings of the study revealed that oral presentation skills and vocabulary uptake/retention levels were improved due to the use of TED talks as an ICT tool. Also, it was revealed that Business majors in the experimental group are more enthusiastic, energetic and motivated to give killer presentations as they became more confident and free of anxiety and tension.
Factors Affecting Millennials’ Attitudes toward Luxury Fashion Brands: A Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Burnasheva Regina , GuSuh Yong , Villalobos-Moron Katherine
Published: May 2019

The millennials are an important cohort in luxury market, because of their purchasing power and the power of social media interaction. However, little is known about factors underlying their attitudes toward luxury fashion brands and online purchase intentions. This study explores whether materialism, a need for uniqueness, susceptibility to informative influence, and social media usage affect millennials’ attitudes toward luxury fashion brands and online purchase intentions. In addition, this research examines cross-cultural differences between Russian and Korean millennials based on four cultural dimensions of Hofstede’s model. The results indicated that all factors significantly related to attitudes towards luxury brands, and this, in turn, positively effect on online purchase intentions. Moreover, the results indicated that millennials from Korea and Russia pursue a need for uniqueness, some differences were revealed regarding materialism, susceptibility to informative influence and social media usage. Theoretical and practical implications are further discussed.
Een tweelingstudie naar indicatoren van genetische en culturele transmissie
Authors: van der Laan Camiel , van de Weijer Steve , Nivard Michel , Boomsma Dorret
Published: May 2019

A twin study into indicators of cultural and genetic transmission

In the present study, the role of genetic and cultural transmission in intergenerational continuity of rule-breaking behavior (RBB) was investigated. Based on the resemblance within 3,982 Dutch twin pairs, aged 13 to 17 years, the relative importance of genetic (G), shared environmental (C), and unique environmental (E) influences on RBB was estimated. Cultural transmission, the process of passing on knowledge, norms and values, can lead to similarities within families, and forms part of the shared environment of children growing up in the same family. The authors found no evidence for shared environmental influences, and consequently no indication of a role for cultural transmission. Genetic influences explained 60 percent of the variance in rule-breaking behavior at age 13 to 17, implying that intergenerational continuity at this age is mainly driven by genetic transmission.
A new general idea for starlike and convex functions
Authors: Owa Shigeyoshi , Mohan Srivastava Hari , Hayami Toshio , Kuroki Kazuo
Published: May 2019

Let $\mathcal{A}$ be the class of functions $f(z)$ which are analytic in the open unit disk $\mathbb{U}$ with $f(0)=0$ and $f'(0)=1$. For the class $\mathcal{A}$, a new general class $\mathcal{A}_{k}$ is defined. With this general class $\mathcal{A}_{k}$, two interesting classes $\mathcal{S}_{k}^{\ast}(\alpha)$ and $\mathcal{K}_{k}(\alpha)$ concerning classes of starlike of order $\alpha$ in $\mathbb{U}$ and convex of order $\alpha$ in $\mathbb{U}$ are considered.
Leaving a foreign object in the body of a patient during abdominal surgery: still a current problem
Authors: Szymocha Marcin , Pacan Marta , Anufrowicz Mateusz , Jurek Tomasz , Rorat Marta
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Leaving a foreign object (retained the surgical item, or RSI) during surgery involving the abdominal cavity and pelvis minor is a relatively frequent, underestimated phenomenon which is dangerous to the health of the patient and the legal security of medical personnel. These adverse events are easy to avoid through the use of appropriate means of prevention. The aim of the present paper is the collection of epidemiological data and determination of risk factors, symptomatology, health effects, and prevention methods associated with RSIs.

Material and methods: Analysis of global scientific publications in the databases PubMed, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus related to the subject of RSIs.

Results: The frequency of RSI incidents ranges from 1 to 10 in 10,000 intra-abdominal surgeries, which results in at least one case in an average multispeciality hospital on a yearly basis. The items most frequently left behind include soft foreign objects, such as swabs and bandages (90%). Risk factors include emergency surgical procedures, high patient BMI, significant loss of blood during surgery, and neglect in counting material and surgical tools. The postoperative course, although in many cases asymptomatic, may be complicated by inflammation, bleeding, or perforation, leading to the necessity of a second operation and, in 2 to 4% of cases, even ending in death. Imaging tests are effective diagnostic tools. Effective methods of preventing RSIs are based on checklists and systems for counting and monitoring the location of material and tools.

Conclusions: The globally occurring problem of RSIs requires the education of operating block personnel regarding risk factors and the identification and elimination of adverse events of this type. Diagnostics based on imaging should take into account non-specific complaints resulting from a possible oligosymptomatic course. An RSI should not be regarded as a medical error. Changes in the perception of the phenomenon are aimed at minimizing the legal liability of staff in the event of leaving a foreign object in the patient’s body.
Gesundheits-Apps – Was kann man von ihnen erwarten?
Authors: Schmacke Norbert , Abholz Heinz-Harald
Published: May 2019

Gesundheits-Apps werden in großem Umfang angeboten und gelten in der Debatte um die Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens teilweise bereits als Meilenstein zur Verbesserung der Gesundheitschancen. Der entsprechende Markt ist weitgehend unreguliert. Ein narrativer Review der wissenschaftlichen wie gesundheitspolitischen Literatur sowie medizintheoretische Überlegungen zu den Grenzen von Gesundheits-Apps in Bezug auf Versorgungsverbesserungen im Vergleich zu traditionellen Beratungsmedien belegen, dass für Gesundheits-Apps, die einen positiven Effekt für Prävention, Diagnostik und/oder Therapie behaupten, fast durchgängig angemessene Nutzen- und Schadenbelege fehlen. Die Gesundheitspolitik ist zum Handeln aufgefordert.
Der digitale Wandel der Wissensordnung. Theorierahmen für die Analyse von Wahrheit, Wissen und Rationalität in der öffentlichen Kommunikation
Authors: Neuberger Christoph , Bartsch Anne , Reinemann Carsten , Fröhlich Romy , Hanitzsch Thomas , Schindler Johanna
Published: May 2019

Populäre Krisendiagnosen zur Verbreitung von Falschinformationen, zur Erosion einer gemeinsamen Wissensbasis und zur Infragestellung epistemischer Autoritäten haben in den letzten Jahren nicht nur Sorgen um die Wissensordnung in liberalen Demokratien ausgelöst, sondern auch zu erheblichen Forschungsaktivitäten in der Kommunikationswissenschaft geführt. Allerdings steht eine Integration der empirischen Befunde zu den zahlreichen Einzelaspekten in einen Theorierahmen noch aus. Der Zweck eines solchen Rahmens besteht darin, den digitalen Wandel der Genese, Prüfung, Distribution und Aneignung von Wissen in der medienöffentlichen Kommunikation systematisch zu beschreiben und zu erklären. Ausgehend von den Grundbegriffen Wahrheit, Wissen und Rationalität wird ein Modell der Wissensordnung entwickelt, das Phasen, Kontexte, Hierarchiestufen und Rollen unterscheidet. Das Internet tendiert zur Auflösung der bisherigen Wissensordnung, d. h. zu einem Kollaps der Kontexte, zur Nivellierung der epistemischen Hierarchie, zur Auflösung der Phasenfolge des Wissensprozesses, zum offenen Zugang zu bislang exklusiven Rollen und zur Entstehung von Hybridrollen. Es wird demonstriert, wie das Modell zur Aufarbeitung des Forschungsstands, zur Ableitung einer Forschungsagenda und für Gestaltungsempfehlungen eingesetzt werden kann.
Fake News, aktuelle Desinformationen und das Problem der Systematisierung. Anmerkungen zum Aufsatz von Fabian Zimmermann & Matthias Kohring „‚Fake News‘ als aktuelle Desinformation – systematische Bestimmung eines heterogenen Begriffs“ in M&K 4/2018
Authors: Scholl Armin , Völker Julia
Published: May 2019

Fabian Zimmermann und Matthias Kohring haben in ihrem Beitrag das Phänomen ‚Fake News‘ theoretisch hergeleitet und als aktuelle Desinformation gekennzeichnet. Diese Leistung ist einerseits zu würdigen, weil die betreffende Forschung theoretisch bisher wenig überzeugend war, sie soll andererseits weiterentwickelt werden, weil die vorgelegte Definition stellenweise theoretisch inkonsistent und praktisch unhandlich ist. Nach einer kritischen Rekonstruktion der Argumentation von Zimmermann und Kohring folgt eine (Neu-) Perspektivierung anhand von fünf konstruktivistischen Kriterien. Diese mündet in einer revidierten und ergänzten Fassung des Konzepts von Zimmermann und Kohring und versteht sich als theoretische Weiterentwicklung mit konkreten empirischen Vorschlägen für eine systematische Klassifikationsanalyse zur Ermittlung notwendiger, hinreichender und hilfreicher Definitionskriterien von Fake News.
Die umgekehrte Wandelschuldverschreibung in der Insolvenz
Authors: Kaufmann Niels
Published: May 2019

Die umgekehrte Wandelschuldverschreibung ist eine Antwort auf die Finanzkrise 2008. Banken wird eine zusätzliche Möglichkeit zur Ausstattung mit regulatorischen Kernkapital gegeben. Diese Anleiheform folgt dem Grundsatz der Risikointernalisierung und ist gerade für Krisensituationen konzipiert.

Der Autor unternimmt eine insolvenzrechtliche Untersuchung. Ausgehend von den Auswirkungen der Insolvenzverfahrenseröffnung auf den Bestand der Anleihe, erörtert der Autor die Zuständigkeit für die Ausübung der Wandlung im Spannungsfeld zwischen gesellschaftsrechtlicher Kapitalmaßnahme und gläubigerorientierter Masseverwaltung. Anschließend legt er die Ausübungsmaximen dar und gibt einen Ausblick auf Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten, um das Verhalten der Anleihe im Insolvenzverfahren und die damit einhergehenden Anlegerinteressen im Vorfeld steuern zu können.
Die Regulierung der Meinungsmacht von Internetintermediären
Authors: Kellner Anna
Published: May 2019

Internetintermediäre wie Facebook, Google und Co. sind Internetdienste, die in erster Linie fremde Informationen an ihre Nutzer übermitteln. Obwohl sie selbst kaum eigene Inhalte bereitstellen und fremde Inhalte nicht redaktionell auswählen, können sie durch algorithmische Sortierungen und Löschungen oder auch durch Nutzerausschlüsse einen Einfluss auf die öffentliche Meinungsbildung ausüben. Das Werk analysiert, ob diese Art der Einflussnahme de lege lata durch medienrechtliche Vorschriften des Rundfunkstaatsvertrags und des Telemediengesetzes oder durch wirtschaftsrechtliche Vorgaben des Kartell- und Wettbewerbsrechts reguliert wird. Außerdem wird unter Berücksichtigung der nationalen und unionalen grundrechtlichen Steuerungsvorgaben de lege ferenda ein Regulierungskonzept zur Kontrolle der Meinungsmacht der Diensteanbieter entwickelt. Die Analyse erfolgt zudem unter Berücksichtigung der US-amerikanischen rechtlichen Vorgaben für Internetintermediäre als Kontrastfolie.
August Wilhelmj
Authors: Beckmann Mareike
Published: May 2019

August Wilhelmj (1845–1908) galt als einer der größten Geiger seiner Zeit. Von den bekanntesten Vertretern der neudeutschen Schule wurde er bewundert und verehrt. Berlioz urteilte: „nie habe ich einen Geiger mit einem solchen bezaubernden, großen und edlen Tone gehört, als der war, welcher der junge Wilhelmj seinem Instrumente zu entlocken wußte.“ Wie genau hat er gespielt? Welche Einflüsse hatte er auf die Entwicklung des Violinspiels? Wie spiegelt sein Spiel die politischen und gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse seiner Zeit? Sein Interpretationsstil gibt Aufschlüsse über die Aufführungspraxis der Romantik und gewährt tiefe Einblicke in die Musikästhetik des 19. Jahrhunderts.
Podcasts als Raum politisch-medialer Kommunikation
Authors: Lührmann Katharina
Published: May 2019

Das Medium Podcast hat im Laufe der letzten Jahre einen erneuten Aufschwung erlebt und seinen Weg breitenwirksam in die mediale Öffentlichkeit gefunden. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit dem in der Forschung bislang kaum behandelten Gegenstand der Politik-Podcasts und bewegt sich damit an der Schnittstelle von Medien- und Politikwissenschaft.

Vor dem Hintergrund öffentlichkeitstheoretischer Ansätze werden Podcasts als Raum politisch-medialer Kommunikation verstanden und diskutiert. Wie werden politische Inhalte im Medium Podcast präsentiert und verhandelt und wie wird dadurch politische Öffentlichkeit hergestellt? Dabei wird die These vertreten, dass Podcasts als Netzmedium und nicht allein als auditives Angebot zu konzeptualisieren, sprich im Kontext einer internetbasierten Medienumgebung zu verorten sind.

Im Zuge eines genetisch-historischen Zugriffs wird der strukturelle Wandel des Mediums von seinen Anfängen als Amateur- und Nischenmedium hin zu seinem gegenwärtigen Status als kommerzielles Massenmedium nachvollzogen. Die Studie gibt außerdem einen systematischen Überblick zum politischen Podcast-Angebot in Deutschland, aus dem der Podcast Lage der Nation – der Politik-Podcast aus Berlin für eine konkrete empirische Analyse herausgegriffen wird.
Human Rights and Positive Obligations to Healthcare
Authors: Kolliniati Maria-Artemis
Published: May 2019

This book is aimed at academics whose research relates to the European Convention on Human Rights and those who are interested in the philosophy of law. It is also aimed at judges and lawyers who deal with the ECHR, and with European Court of Human Rights health-related case law in particular. Furthermore, it can be used by students who wish to deepen their knowledge of the philosophical issues relating to human rights and the ECHR. The main objectives of this book are threefold. First, it proposes that Joseph Raz’s notion of the ‘double dimension of human rights’ offers a middle-ground approach to human rights that judges can use to scrutinise the social aspects of those rights. Secondly, it proposes that Joseph Raz’s philosophy of law must be read as a theory on the ‘double dimension of human rights’, rather than as an interest theory on such rights. Thirdly, this book does not just focus on the theory of human rights; it also analyses how human rights are applied and read in practice, focusing on the ECHR and ECtHR case law.
Instrumental Realisms and their Ontological Commitments
Authors: Jayanti Ashwin ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2019

This paper shall concern itself with two variants of instrumental realism that have developed independently of each other and have made a mark on contemporary philosophies of science as well as of technology in their own respective ways. One is that of Don Ihde, the progenitor of the postphenomenological approach to technoscience, and the other that of Davis Baird, who emphasizes the epistemic centrality of instruments as bearers of knowledge in themselves. I shall juxtapose Ihde’s instrumental realism with the instrumental realism of Baird, both of whom emphasize the importance of experimentation and instrumentation to any comprehensive philosophy of science. Whereas Ihde wants to extend hermeneutics to science praxis, Baird wants to maintain an epistemological commitment to what he calls ‘thing knowledge.’ In comparing and contrasting these two variants of instrumental realism, I shall discern the implicit ontological and epistemological claims that underlie the two realisms in the background of scientific realism and critically evaluate their contributions to a more comprehensive understanding of science, technology, and the relation between the two.
Needle Biopsy Adequacy in the Era of Precision Medicine and Value-Based Health Care
Authors: Pritzker Kenneth P. H. , Nieminen Heikki J.
Published: May 2019

Context.—

Needle biopsy of diseased tissue is an essential diagnostic tool that is becoming even more important as precision medicine develops. However, the capability of this modality to efficiently provide samples adequate for diagnostic and prognostic analysis remains quite limited relative to current diagnostic needs. For physicians and patients, inadequate biopsy frequently leads to diagnostic delay, procedure duplication, or insufficient information about tumor biology leading to delay in treatment; for health systems, this results in substantial incremental costs and inefficient use of scarce specialized diagnostic resources.

Objective.—

To review current needle biopsy technology, devices, and practice with a perspective to identify current limitations and opportunities for improvement in the context of advancing precision medicine.

Data Sources.—

PubMed searches of fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy devices and similar technologies were made generally, by tissue site, and by adequacy as well as by health economics of these technologies.

Conclusions.—

Needle biopsy adequacy can be improved by recognizing the importance of this diagnostic tool by promoting common criteria for needle biopsy adequacy; by optimizing needle biopsy procedural technique, technologies, clinical practice, professional education, and quality assurance; and by bundling biopsy procedure costs with downstream diagnostic modalities to provide better accountability and incentives to improve the diagnostic process.
Antithrombotic effect of epigallocatechin gallate on the patency of arterial microvascular anastomoses
Authors: İğde Murat , Onur Öztürk Mehmet , Yaşar Burak , Hakan Bulam Mehmet , Ergani Hasan Murat , Ünlü Ramazan Erkin
Published: May 2019

Background Microvascular anastomosis patency is adversely affected by local and systemic factors. Impaired intimal recovery and endothelial mechanisms promoting thrombus formation at the anastomotic site are common etiological factors of reduced anastomosis patency. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a catechin derivative belonging to the flavonoid subgroup and is present in green tea (Camellia sinensis). This study investigated the effects of EGCG on the structure of vessel tips used in microvascular anastomoses and evaluated its effects on thrombus formation at an anastomotic site.

Methods Thirty-six adult male Wistar albino rats were used in the study. The right femoral artery was cut and reanastomosed. The rats were divided into two groups (18 per group) and were systemically administered either EGCG or saline. Each group were then subdivided into three groups, each with six rats. Axial histological sections were taken from segments 1 cm proximal and 1 cm distal to the microvascular anastomosis site on days 5, 10, and 14.

Results Thrombus formation was significantly different between the EGCG and control groups on day 5 (P=0.015) but not on days 10 or 14. The mean luminal diameter was significantly greater in the EGCG group on days 5 (P=0.002), 10 (P=0.026), and 14 (P=0.002). Intimal thickening was significantly higher on days 5 (P=0.041) and 10 (P=0.02).

Conclusions EGCG showed vasodilatory effects and led to reduced early thrombus formation after microvascular repair. Similar studies on venous anastomoses and random or axial pedunculated skin flaps would also contribute valuable findings relevant to this topic.
Gracilis pull-through flap for the repair of a recalcitrant recto-vaginal fistula
Authors: James Mok Wan Loong , Goh Ming Hui , Tang Choong Leong , Tan Bien Keem
Published: May 2019

Recto-vaginal fistulas are difficult to treat due to their high recurrence rate. Currently, no single surgical intervention is universally regarded as the best treatment option for rectovaginal fistulas. We present a case of recurrent recto-vaginal fistula surgically treated with a gracilis pull-through flap. The surgical goals in this patient were complete excision of the recto-vaginal fistula and introduction of fresh, vascularized muscle to seal the fistula. A defunctioning colostomy was performed 1 month prior to the present procedure. The gracilis muscle and tendon were mobilized, pulled through the freshened recto-vaginal fistula, passed through the anus, and anchored externally. Excess muscle and tendon were trimmed 1 week after the procedure. Follow-up at 4 weeks demonstrated complete mucosal coverage over an intact gracilis muscle, and no leakage. At 8 weeks post-procedure, the patient resumed sexual intercourse with no dyspareunia. At 6 months post-procedure, her stoma was closed. The patient reported transient fecal staining of her vagina after stoma reversal, which resolved with conservative treatment. The fistula had not recurred at 20 months post-procedure. The gracilis pull-through flap is a reliable technique for a scarred vagina with an attenuated rectovaginal septum. It can function as a well-vascularized tissue plug to promote healing.
The round-the-clock technique for correction of gynecomastia
Authors: Tarallo Mauro , Di Taranto Giuseppe , Fallico Nefer , Ribuffo Diego
Published: May 2019

Background Gynecomastia is a common condition that can cause severe emotional and physical distress in both young and older men. Patients in whom symptomatic recalcitrant gynecomastia persists for a long time are potential candidates for surgery.

Methods From January 2014 to January 2016, 15 patients underwent correction of gynecomastia through a single 3-mm incision at our institution. Only patients with true gynecomastia underwent surgery with this new technique. Through the small incision, sharp dissection was performed in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction describing two half-circles. Health-related quality of life and aesthetic outcomes were evaluated using a modified version of the Breast Evaluation Questionnaire (BEQ).

Results The patients’ average age was 23.5 years (range, 18–28 years), and their average body mass index was 23.2 kg/m2 (range, 19.2–25.3 kg/m2). One case was unilateral and 14 cases were bilateral. The weight of glandular tissue resected from each breast ranged from 80 to 170 g. No excess skin was excised. Bleeding was minimal. The mean operating time was 25 minutes (range, 21–40 minutes). No complications were recorded. All lesions were histologically benign. The patients’ average score was 3.5 (on a 5-point Likert scale) in all domains of the BEQ for themselves and their partners.

Conclusions In this study, we demonstrated the safety and reliability of a new technique that allows mastectomy through an imperceptible 3-mm incision. We obtained high patient satisfaction scores using our surgical technique, and patients reported considerable improvement in their social, physical, and psychological well-being after surgery.