bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-distance Liquid Coarticulation in American English
Authors: Hall Nancy , Vasquez Nancy , Damanhuri Muhammad , Aguirre Francisco , Tree Connor
Published: August 2017

This study finds weak evidence for long-range liquid coarticulation in a Southern California speaker. We compare vowel formants across nearly 1000 repetitions of the sentence he said it oughta be _______, containing target words with /r/, /l/ or neither. Focusing on vowels not adjacent to the target word, we find only small effects of target liquids on F1 of said and ta. Liquid coarticulation is not affected by whether the target liquid is stressed or unstressed, or by whether it is in onset, nucleus or coda position. The lack of robust long-range liquid coarticulation is a challenge to Ohala 1981’s perceptual theory of dissimilation. Although some long-range effects emerge in our study, they seem neither large enough nor consistent enough to cause misperceptions.
Driving Derived Environment Effects with Alignment Constraints
Authors: Blaylock Reed
Published: August 2017

This paper proposes an analysis in which morphologically-derived environment constraints are driven by Alignment--or rather, are triggered by misalignment. An analysis of Korean shows that both prefix-based and suffix-based derived environment effects ([n] insertion and palatalization) can be accounted for by using two Alignment constraints. Using Alignment to drive derived environment effects removes the need for sequence-specific Markedness constraints. This approach may be extended to account for a broader set of derived environment effects, including some that occur at compound or phrase boundaries.
Dynamical Masses of Low-mass Stars in the Taurus and Ophiuchus Star-forming Regions
Authors: Simon M. , Guilloteau S. , Folco E. Di , Dutrey A. , Grosso N. , Piétu V. , Chapillon E. , Prato L. , Schaefer G. H. , Rice E. , Boehler Y.
Published: August 2017

We report new dynamical masses for five pre-main sequence (PMS) stars in the L1495 region of the Taurus star-forming region (SFR) and six in the L1688 region of the Ophiuchus SFR. Since these regions have VLBA parallaxes, these are absolute measurements of the stars’ masses and are independent of their effective temperatures and luminosities. Seven of the stars have masses

, thus providing data in a mass range with little data, and of these, six are measured to precision

. We find eight stars with masses in the range 0.09–1.1

that agree well with the current generation of PMS evolutionary models. The ages of the stars we measured in the Taurus SFR are in the range 1–3 Myr, and

Myr for those in L1688. We also measured the dynamical masses of 14 stars in the ALMA archival data for Akeson & Jensen’s Cycle 0 project on binaries in the Taurus SFR. We find that the masses of seven of the targets are so large that they cannot be reconciled with reported values of their luminosity and effective temperature. We suggest that these targets are themselves binaries or triples.
Detection of a Large Population of Ultradiffuse Galaxies in Massive Galaxy Clusters: Abell S1063 and Abell 2744
Authors: Lee Myung Gyoon , Kang Jisu , Lee Jeong Hwan , Jang In Sung
Published: August 2017

We present the detection of a large population of ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) in two massive galaxy clusters, Abell S1063 at z = 0.348 and Abell 2744 at z = 0.308, based on F814W and F105W images in the Hubble Frontier Fields Program. We find 47 and 40 UDGs in Abell S1063 and Abell 2744, respectively. Color–magnitude diagrams of the UDGs show that they are mostly located at the faint end of the red sequence. From the comparison with simple stellar population models, we estimate their stellar mass to range from 108 to 109
M
⊙. Radial number density profiles of the UDGs show a turnover or a flattening in the central region at r < 100 kpc. We estimate the total masses of the UDGs using the galaxy scaling relations. A majority of the UDGs have total masses M
200 = 1010–1011
M
⊙, and only a few of them have total masses M
200 = 1011–1012
M
⊙. The total number of UDGs within the virial radius is estimated to be N(UDG) = 770 ± 114 for Abell S1063 and N(UDG) = 814 ± 122 for Abell 2744. Combining these results with data in the literature, we fit the relation between the total numbers of UDGs and the masses of their host systems for M
200 > 1013
M
⊙ with a power law, N(UDG) = 

. These results suggest that a majority of the UDGs have a dwarf galaxy origin, while only a small number of the UDGs are massive L* galaxies that failed to form a normal population of stars.
From Neutron Star Observables to the Equation of State. II. Bayesian Inference of Equation of State Pressures
Authors: Raithel Carolyn A. , Özel Feryal , Psaltis Dimitrios
Published: August 2017

One of the key goals of observing neutron stars is to infer the equation of state (EoS) of the cold, ultradense matter in their interiors. Here, we present a Bayesian statistical method of inferring the pressures at five fixed densities, from a sample of mock neutron star masses and radii. We show that while five polytropic segments are needed for maximum flexibility in the absence of any prior knowledge of the EoS, regularizers are also necessary to ensure that simple underlying EoS are not over-parameterized. For ideal data with small measurement uncertainties, we show that the pressure at roughly twice the nuclear saturation density,

, can be inferred to within 0.3 dex for many realizations of potential sources of uncertainties. The pressures of more complicated EoS with significant phase transitions can also be inferred to within ∼30%. We also find that marginalizing the multi-dimensional parameter space of pressure to infer a mass–radius relation can lead to biases of nearly 1 km in radius, toward larger radii. Using the full, five-dimensional posterior likelihoods avoids this bias.
A New Limit on CMB Circular Polarization from SPIDER
Authors: Nagy J. M. , Ade P. A. R. , Amiri M. , Benton S. J. , Bergman A. S. , Bihary R. , Bock J. J. , Bond J. R. , Bryan S. A. , Chiang H. C. , Contaldi C. R. , Doré O. , Duivenvoorden A. J. , Eriksen H. K. , Farhang M. , Filippini J. P. , Fissel L. M. , Fraisse A. A. , Freese K. , Galloway M. , Gambrel A. E. , Gandilo N. N. , Ganga K. , Gudmundsson J. E. , Halpern M. , Hartley J. , Hasselfield M. , Hilton G. , Holmes W. , Hristov V. V. , Huang Z. , Irwin K. D. , Jones W. C. , Kuo C. L. , Kermish Z. D. , Li S. , Mason P. V. , Megerian K. , Moncelsi L. , Morford T. A. , Netterfield C. B. , Nolta M. , Padilla I. L. , Racine B. , Rahlin A. S. , Reintsema C. , Ruhl J. E. , Runyan M. C. , Ruud T. M. , Shariff J. A. , Soler J. D. , Song X. , Trangsrud A. , Tucker C. , Tucker R. S. , Turner A. D. , List J. F. Van Der , Weber A. C. , Wehus I. K. , Wiebe D. V. , Young E. Y.
Published: August 2017

We present a new upper limit on cosmic microwave background (CMB) circular polarization from the 2015 flight of Spider, a balloon-borne telescope designed to search for B-mode linear polarization from cosmic inflation. Although the level of circular polarization in the CMB is predicted to be very small, experimental limits provide a valuable test of the underlying models. By exploiting the nonzero circular-to-linear polarization coupling of the half-wave plate polarization modulators, data from Spider's 2015 Antarctic flight provide a constraint on Stokes V at 95 and 150 GHz in the range

33
<
ℓ
<
307

. No other limits exist over this full range of angular scales, and Spider improves on the previous limit by several orders of magnitude, providing 95% C.L. constraints on

ℓ
(
ℓ
+
1
)

C

ℓ

VV

/

(
2
π
)

ranging from 141 to 255 μK2 at 150 GHz for a thermal CMB spectrum. As linear CMB polarization experiments become increasingly sensitive, the techniques described in this paper can be applied to obtain even stronger constraints on circular polarization.
Quasi-periodic Radio Bursts Associated with Fast-mode Waves near a Magnetic Null Point
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Nakariakov Valery M. , Cho Kyung-Suk
Published: August 2017

This paper presents an observation of quasi-periodic rapidly propagating waves observed in the Atmospheric Image Assembly (AIA) 171/193 Å channels during the impulsive phase of an M1.9 flare that occurred on 2012 May 7. The instant period was found to decrease from 240 to 120 s, and the speed of the wavefronts was in the range of ∼664–1416 km s−1. Almost simultaneously, quasi-periodic bursts with similar instant periods, ∼70 and ∼140 s, occur in the microwave emission and in decimetric type IV and type III radio bursts, and in the soft X-ray emission. The magnetic field configuration of the flare site was consistent with a breakout topology, i.e., a quadrupolar field along with a magnetic null point. The quasi-periodic rapidly propagating wavefronts of the EUV emission are interpreted as a fast magnetoacoustic wave train. The observations suggest that the fast-mode waves are generated during the quasi-periodic magnetic reconnection in the cusp region above the flare arcade loops. For the first time, we provide evidence of a tadpole wavelet signature at about 70–140 s in decimetric (245/610 MHz) radio bursts, along with the direct observation of a coronal fast-mode wave train in EUV. In addition, at AIA 131/193 Å we observed quasi-periodic EUV disturbances with periods of 95 and 240 s propagating downward at apparent speeds of 172–273 km s−1. The nature of these downward propagating disturbances is not revealed, but they could be connected to magnetoacoustic waves or periodically shrinking loops.
Coronal Jet Collimation by Nonlinear Induced Flows
Authors: Vasheghani Farahani S. , Hejazi S. M.
Published: August 2017

Our objective is to study the collimation of solar jets by nonlinear forces corresponding to torsional Alfvén waves together with external forces. We consider a straight, initially non-rotating, untwisted magnetic cylinder embedded in a plasma with a straight magnetic field, where a shear between the internal and external flows exists. By implementing magnetohydrodynamic theory and taking into account the second-order thin flux tube approximation, the balance between the internal nonlinear forces is visualized. The nonlinear differential equation containing the ponderomotive, magnetic tension, and centrifugal forces in the presence of the shear flow is obtained. The solution presents the scale of influence of the propagating torsional Alfvén wave on compressive perturbations. Explicit expressions for the compressive perturbations caused by the forces connected to the torsional Alfvén wave show that, in the presence of a shear flow, the magnetic tension and centrifugal forces do not cancel each other’s effects as they did in its absence. This shear flow plays in favor of the magnetic tension force, resulting in a more efficient collimation. Regarding the ponderomotive force, the shear flow has no effect. The phase relations highlight the interplay of the shear flow and the plasma-β. As the shear flow and plasma-β increase, compressive perturbation amplitudes emerge. We conclude that the jet collimation due to the torsional Alfvén wave highly depends on the location of the jet. The shear flow tightens the collimation as the jet elevates up to the solar corona.
A new species of Pnigalio (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) parasitizing Eriocrania semipurpurella alpina (Lepidoptera, Eriocraniidae) in China, with its biology and a key to Chinese known species
Authors: Li Tao , Yang Zhong-Qi , Sun Shu-Ping , Wang Rong
Published: August 2017

A new species of Eulophinae,Pnigalio eriocraniaeLi & Yang,sp. n., is described and illustrated. This new species is a larval ectoparasitoid ofEriocrania semipurpurella alpinaXu (Lepidoptera, Eriocraniidae), a leaf miner in birch trees,Betulaspp. (Betulaceae), in Qinghai Province, northwest China. The biology of the new species and a key to the known species from China are provided.
A Longitudinal Study of Ambulatory Physician Encounters, Emergency Room Visits, and Hospitalizations by Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A 13-year Population Health Study
Authors: Hanly John G. , Thompson Kara , Skedgel Chris
Published: August 2017

Objective.

To determine total physician encounters, emergency room (ER) visits, and hospitalizations in an incident cohort of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cases and matched control patients over 13 years.

Methods.

A retrospective cohort study was performed using administrative healthcare data from about 1 million people with access to universal healthcare. Using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th ed (ICD-9) and ICD-10 diagnostic codes, 7 RA case definitions were used. Each case was matched by age and sex to 4 randomly selected controls. Data included physician billings, ER visits, and hospital discharges over 13 years.

Results.

The number of incident RA cases varied from 3497 to 27,694, depending on the case definition. The mean age varied from 54.3 to 65.0 years, and the proportion of women from 67.8% to 71.3%. The number of physician encounters by patients with RA was significantly higher than by controls. It was highest in the index year and declined promptly thereafter for all case definitions and by 12.2%–46.8% after 10 years. Encounters with subspecialty physicians fell by 61% (rheumatologists) and 34% (internal medicine). In contrast, clinical encounters with family physicians and other physicians fell by only 9%. Visits to the ER and hospital admissions were also significantly higher in RA cases, particularly early in the disease, and fell significantly over the followup.

Conclusion.

In patients with RA, healthcare use is highest in the first year following the diagnosis, which is also the time of maximal involvement by rheumatologists. Use declines over time, and encounters with patients’ family physicians predominate over other physician groups.
Adherence and Persistence with Drug Therapy among Fibromyalgia Patients: Data from a Large Health Maintenance Organization
Authors: Ben-Ami Shor Dana , Weitzman Dahlia , Dahan Shani , Gendelman Omer , Bar-On Yael , Amital Daniela , Shalev Varda , Chodick Gabriel , Amital Howard
Published: August 2017

Objective.

To assess 1-year persistence and adherence rates with drug therapy among patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and to identify factors associated with therapy discontinuation.

Methods.

This retrospective, cohort study included members ≥ 21 years old from the Maccabi Healthcare Services, a large health maintenance organization in Israel, who were diagnosed with FM from 2008 through 2011. Medications of interest included the anticonvulsant pregabalin, antidepressants [selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)], and tricyclic antidepressants (TCA). Time to treatment discontinuation and proportion of days covered (PDC) with FM-specific therapies during the year from first dispensed were analyzed. PDC < 20% was considered low adherence and PDC ≥ 80% was considered high adherence. Logistic regression models were constructed for multivariable analyses.

Results.

Overall, 3932 patients with FM were included; 88.7% were female. Pre-diagnosis use of medication of interest was documented in 41% of the study population. Of the remaining 2312 patients, 56.1% were issued a prescription, 45.0% were dispensed at least 1 medication in the year following diagnosis, and only 28.8% had prescriptions filled twice within the first year from diagnosis. Among newly prescribed patients, 1-year discontinuation was highest for TCA (91.0%) and lowest for SSRI/SNRI antidepressants (73.7%). Over half of the patients (60.5%) had fewer than 20% of the days covered by any medication during the year and only 9.3% were very adherent (PDC ≥ 80%).

Conclusion.

This study clearly shows that in an Israeli “real-life” population of patients with FM, persistence and adherence with FM therapy in the year following diagnosis is remarkably low.
Corticosteroid or Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs for the Treatment of Acute Gout: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Billy Christy Amanda , Lim Ricky Tanujaya , Ruospo Marinella , Palmer Suetonia C. , Strippoli Giovanni F.M.
Published: August 2017

Objective.

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) are used as first-line agents to treat acute gout. Recent trials suggest a possible first-line role for corticosteroids.

Methods.

We conducted a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating corticosteroid versus NSAID therapy (nonselective and selective) as treatment for acute gout. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were systematically searched through August 2016. Outcomes included pain, bleeding, joint swelling, erythema, tenderness, activity limitation, response to therapy, quality of life, time to resolution, supplementary analgesics, and adverse events. Evidence quality was summarized using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system.

Results.

Six eligible trials (817 patients) were identified. The mean study followup was 15 days (range 4–30). Risks of bias were generally low. In low- to moderate-quality evidence, corticosteroids did not have different effects on pain score at < 7 days [standardized mean difference (SMD) −0.09, 95% CI −0.26 to 0.08] or at ≥ 7 days (SMD 0.32, 95% CI −0.27 to 0.92) when compared with NSAID. There was no evidence of different risks of gastrointestinal bleeding [relative risk (RR) 0.09, 95% CI 0.01–1.67]. There was no evidence of different responses to therapy on pain at < 7 days (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.80–1.44) and ≥ 7 days, time to disease resolution, or number of supplementary analgesics used (MD 2.10 drugs, 95% CI −1.01 to 5.21). There was a lower risk of indigestion (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.27–0.92), nausea (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11–0.54), and vomiting (RR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.56) with corticosteroid therapy.

Conclusion.

There is no evidence that corticosteroids and NSAID have different efficacy in managing pain in acute gout, but corticosteroids appear to have a more favorable safety profile for selected adverse events analyzed in existing RCT.
Dario, ses bizarreries et l’école
Authors: Lego Gaëlle
Published: August 2017

Nous tenterons de dégager la fonction d’une idéologie (dans le cas où elle est appliquée de façon dogmatique) sur la subjectivité des personnes. L’injonction d’une inclusion scolaire à tout prix produit chez certaines familles une fermeture de la réflexion, une forclusion de la singularité, voire un déni du « handicap » ou d’une pathologie chez l’enfant en présence. La situation du jeune Dario illustre ce mécanisme de suture de l’inconscient.
Effects of resistance training on electrocardiographic and blood parameters of police dogs
Authors: Moraes V.S. , Soares J.K.I. , Cabidelli J.F. , Fadini A.N.B. , Ribeiro P.A. , Pinheiro R.M. , Conti L.M.C. , Souza V.R.C. , Coelho C.S.
Published: August 2017

The aims of this study were to evaluate effects of a 6 week resistance training on electrocardiographic (ECG) and blood parameters of police dogs. Our hypothesis was that this training protocol improves fitness, contributing to the welfare of these animals. Nine dogs, 18.56±0.53 months old, were evaluated before (M1) and six weeks after (M2) a training protocol using treadmill. Their training program was performed 2 times/week, and included 20 min of treadmill activity on a speed compatible with 60-80% of HRmaxon weeks 1 and 2, same exercise of weeks 1 and 2 with a 5% grade added between 7.5 and 12.5 min in weeks 3 and 4, and, finally, same exercise of weeks 3 and 4 with three short bursts of strenuous exercise, 60 min after the end of treadmill activity. On both moments, animals were examined before (T0) and after (T1) an incremental effort test, and at 30 (T2) and 120 min (T3) of recovery, measuring heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature. Blood samples were taken to determine erythrogram, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, triglycerides, lactate and glucose. Electrocardiographic variables were analysed at T0 and T1. All variables were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, withP≤0.05. After training, there was an increase on the length of work on treadmill of 41.5% for the German Shepherd (P=0.0139) and 21.4% for the Belgian Malinois (P=0.0085) along with a increase of maximal speed of 34.0% for the German Shepherd (P=0.0084) and 15.9% for the Belgian Malinois (P=0.0241). It was observed in physiological, blood and ECG parameters differences between M1 and M2 (P<0.05). Other findings included a lower rest QTc value at T0 after training (P=0.0194). The chosen training led to a better fitness of the police dogs as all of them worked more intensively with a low cardiovascular requirement in M2. In conclusion, current exercise protocol in a treadmill improved dogs fitness, when we analysed ECG, physiological and blood parameters, making possible that animals may be used in more extended and multiple missions, contributing welfare of these animals.
Postprandial hormone response after endurance or resistance exercise in obese women
Authors: Davitt P.M. , Henderson G.C. , Walker A.J. , Arent S.M.
Published: August 2017

Physiological changes with endurance exercise (EE) and resistance training (RT) are likely influenced by the metabolic and hormonal response to each exercise bout, but may be blunted in obese individuals. To compare acute effects of EE, RT, and a control upon hormonal changes in obese women, sedentary, obese women (n=12) participated in a randomised crossover-design study on 3 occasions. EE consisted of treadmill walking (65% VO2max for 1 h). A total-body RT workout consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions, 90 s rest for 8 exercises at 90-100% of 10RM. Blood samples were taken 30 min before exercise (0 min), 30 min post-exercise (120 min), and again at 200, 280, and 520 min to assess changes in growth hormone (GH), cortisol, and insulin throughout the postprandial period. A 20 kcal/kg fat-free mass (FFM) meal was given after post-exercise blood sample. There was a main effect of condition for GH ΔAUC (change in area under the curve), with both RT and EE significantly different from the control (RT = 463.0±138.2; EE = 243.2±131.6; Control = -90.4±157.6 ng/ml * 400 min, P<0.02, Control vs EE, effect size (ES) = 2.3; Control vs RT, ES=3.7; EE vs RT, ES=1.6). There were no condition effects for cortisol or insulin ΔAUC. There were no significant time-by-condition interactions for any variables. In obese women, circulating GH concentration is enhanced in the postprandial state following a single bout of either EE or RT, with the GH response being more robust than cortisol or insulin. As circulating GH has shown to be reduced in obesity, the present observations could be considered beneficial, particularly alongside the absence of enhanced cortisol level after exercise.
New possibilities of harmonic oscillator basis application for calculation of the ground state energy of a Coulomb non-identical three-particle system
Authors: Deveikis Algirdas
Published: August 2017

A new harmonic oscillator (HO) expansion method for calculation of the non-relativistic ground state energy of the Coulomb non-identical three-particle systems is presented. The HO expansion basis with different size parameters in the Jacobi coordinates instead of only one unique oscillator length parameter in the traditional treatment is introduced. This method is applied to calculate the ground state energy of a number of Coulomb three-particle systems for up to 28 excitation HO quanta. The obtained results suggest that the HO basis with different size parameters in the Jacobi coordinates could lead to significant increasing of the rate of convergence for the ground state energy than in the traditional approach.
The crystalline structure of SrRuO3: Application of hybrid scheme to the density functionals revised for solids
Authors: Masys Šarūnas , Jonauskas Valdas
Published: August 2017

The crystalline structure of ground-state orthorhombic SrRuO3 is reproduced by applying the hybrid density functional theory scheme to the functionals based on the revised generalized-gradient approximations for solidstate calculations. The amount of Hartree–Fock (HF) exchange energy is varied in the range of 5–20% in order to systematically ascertain the optimum value of HF mixing which in turn ensures the best correspondence to the experimental measurements. Such investigation allows one to expand the set of tools that could be used for the efficient theoretical modelling of, for example, only recently stabilized phases of SrRuO3, helping to resolve issues emerging for the experimentalists.
Temperature and frequency dependence of the dielectric and piezoelectric response of P(VDF–TrFE)/CoFe2O4 magnetoelectric composites
Authors: Svirskas Šarūnas , Belovickis Jaroslavas , Šemeliovas Daumantas , Martins Pedro , Lanceros-Méndez Senentxu , Banys Jūras
Published: August 2017

CoFe2O4 nanoparticles embedded in polyvinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene (P(VDF–TrFE)) matrix show suit­able properties for practical applications as piezoelectric and magnetoelectric transducers. The knowledge about the dielectric and electromechanical responses of the multiferroic films in a broad frequency and temperature range is essential for applicability. The purpose of this work is to investigate the dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of multiferroic composites based on P(VDF–TrFE) as a host matrix and CoFe2O4 as a magnetic filler. Free-standing films with a different concentration of the filler were investigated. The polarization switching was demonstrated for all the compositions. The polarization displacement hysteresis was achieved at different temperatures. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 is not affected by different concentration of ferrite. On the other hand, the composition with the largest weight % of CoFe2O4 shows higher coercive fields which is not favourable for applications. This indicates that the optimal content of the filler must be determined and taken into account when optimizing both ferroelectric and magnetoelectric properties.
Factores que inciden en el consumo de agua doméstico. Estudio a partir de un análisis bibliométrico
Authors: Morote Seguido Álvaro Francisco
Published: August 2017

El mundo desarrollado ha vivido importantes transformaciones territoriales desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX . Algunos de estos cambios han sido el intenso proceso de urbanización, que a su vez, se ha traducido en un espectacular aumento de viviendas y población, al igual que la demanda de determinados recursos como el agua. En este sentido, la cuestión relacionada con el consumo de agua se ha convertido en un tema de estudio en las últimas décadas, principalmente, en aquellas áreas caracterizadas por la escasez de recursos hídricos y donde el proceso de urbanización ha sido más intenso. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar y poner de manifiesto cuáles son los factores que inciden en el consumo de agua a partir de un estudio bibliométrico. Los resultados indican una gran variedad de factores que pueden incidir en el consumo de agua y las principales áreas donde esta temática es estudiada.
Cartografía de inundaciones en España
Authors: Olcina Cantos Jorge , Díez-Herrero Andrés
Published: August 2017

Las inundaciones han merecido análisis y estudio desde época histórica en España. Los informes y memoriales elaborados tras el desarrollo de un gran evento incluyen, a partir del siglo XVIII , mapas de las zonas afectadas. Estas primeras cartografías han ido mejorando en relación con los avances cartográficos y la incorporación de nuevos métodos de análisis. Ello ha permitido avanzar desde las cartografías de peligrosidad a los mapas que incorporan métodos de valoración de la vulnerabilidad. El trabajo hace repaso de los hitos más destacados en la elaboración de cartografía de inundaciones en España y valora la situación actual, donde la Directiva 60/2007 sobre gestión del riesgo de inundación en el territorio europeo supone un importante avance para la confección de mapas realmente de riesgo.
Construcción metodológica para determinar la vulnerabilidad socio-territorial frente a la pobreza
Authors: Yáñez Romo Verónica , Muñoz Parra Carlos
Published: August 2017

En conjunto con la Fundación Superación de la Pobreza y en agradecimiento al proyecto de Investigación DICYT N° 091312YR de la Universidad de Santiago, USACH, se trabaja sobre el concepto de vulnerabilidad social2 relacionada estrechamente con los territorios urbanos y las problemáticas que estos presentan. Una vez definido el concepto de Vulnerabilidad Social Territorial se zonifica el territorio, en Macro-zonas de estudio —y según su división político administrativa— con el fin de identificar factores y variables determinantes que servirán de insumo para generar la propuesta metodológica que permita diagnosticar e identificar los diferentes niveles de vulnerabilidad social a escala regional y comunal, considerando los efectos territoriales. Esto ayudaría de forma más eficiente que las metodologías actuales a la focalización y mejoras de políticas, planes y/o programas del Gobierno, que vayan efectivamente dirigidas a los sectores de mayor rezago y escasos recursos.
Am falschen Ort? German Printers and Booksellers in 18th Century London
Authors: Jefcoate Graham
Published: August 2017

In this paper, I am going to address issues of location in the international book-trade, and specifically the problems experienced by Germanspeaking printers and booksellers in London during the mid-eighteenth century. Three periods of sustained activity can be recognised here: a preliminary “Pietist” phase, from ca. 1705 to 1722; the period from 1749 to the mid-i780s during which a number of specialist German printers and booksellers focussing inter alia on the German-speaking community emerge; and the period from the early 1790s to ca. 1802 associated with a number of new specialist German booksellers seeking to profit from a sudden interest in German literature. All of the printers and booksellers based their activities to the west of the City of London and close to centres of immigrant settlement or “cosmopolitan” activity. None of them attempted to encroach on the core activities of the native trade which remained determined to exclude outsiders from the printing and publishing of the most profitable, “mainstream” titles. Germans were necessarily specialists, restricting their activities to fields neglected by the native English and Scots. Their specialisation is defined by language, by format or genre. And almost all the German book-trade initiatives were relatively short lived, typically ending with the printer or bookseller selling his stock and “going into another way of business.”
Les lecteurs de Courlande face à une revue éclairée : la Mitauische Monatsschrift
Authors: Sommerlat Anne
Published: August 2017

Répondant à l’invitation du duc Pierre (1724-1800) de venir s’établir en Courlande, petit État de culture germanique sous suzeraineté polonaise, aujourd’hui situé en Lettonie, pour y exercer la fonction de professeur à l’Académie de Mitau, Karl August Kütner rejoignit les cercles intellectuels locaux pour participer à la diffusion des idées des Lumières. Avec le soutien du prince, les hommes de lettres nouvellement établis cherchaient à rattraper le retard de la production littéraire, dû notamment à la guerre russo-suédoise du début du siècle. C’est dans cette entreprise que s’inscrit la revue Mitauische Monatsschrift (littéralement: la revue de Mitau), publiée par Kütner entre 1784 et 1785, qui proposait des articles scientifiques, notamment historiques, mais aussi des textes d’orientation plus pratique. Après des débuts prometteurs, la revue rencontra des difficultés, d’abord du fait de problèmes d’acheminement liés à l’habitat dispersé dans le duché, mais surtout parce que les lecteurs se montrèrent mitigés face à ce projet novateur. L’expérience enleva une partie de leurs illusions au rédacteur et à son équipe, qui avaient cru que la presse leur permettrait de toucher un public plus vaste, et par conséquent de susciter, grâce à la lecture, l’écriture
Les Portugais lisent l’Europe : panorama des traductions au Portugal au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Maffre Claude
Published: August 2017

Cette étude se partage en deux périodes. La première couvre le long règne de Jean V (1706-1750) et se caractérise par un certain immobilisme: près de 250 traductions sont publiées avec une préférence marquée pour les ouvrages de piété et les traductions de l’espagnol et de l’italien. La seconde, qui va de 1750 à 1807 (invasion des armées napoléoniennes), semble s’ouvrir au concert européen: le nombre des traductions quadruple, la part de la littérature devient prépondérante et la moitié des ouvrages sont traduits du français. Mais une recherche plus minutieuse révèle que la censure, toujours très puissante, s’efforce d’empêcher l’entrée au Portugal de l’essentiel de la pensée du siècle
Les lectrices des Lumières dans la littérature française : des images d’« illuminées » ou de femmes éclairées ?
Authors: Aragon Sandrine
Published: August 2017

Peut-on parler d’une révolution dans les images de lectrices au cours du XVIIIe siècle ? Le siècle paraît découpé en trois grands temps qui constituent une progression vers l’autonomie et la légitimité de la lectrice : celui des images de lectrices libertines de la première moitié du siècle, puis celui du succès des personnages de Rousseau, qui révolutionne les représentations et les discours sur l’éducation féminine dans les années soixante, celui enfin, de la progression des discours sur l’éducation dans la seconde moitié du siècle et des images de lectrices éclairées dans les fictions. Les héroïnes de la dernière décennie du siècle lisent librement et en égale des hommes, pour leur bonheur et traversent ainsi les affres de la Révolution en véritables femmes éclairées
« Jamais fille chaste n’a lu de romans ». La lecture dans le débat sur les femmes au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Danders Ansgard
Published: August 2017

Face à l’importance de la lecture, les auteurs de la Querelle des femmes abordent deux questions principales : les femmes doivent-elles apprendre à lire ou non, et, dans l’affirmative, quelles femmes doivent lire quels livres et de quelle manière. Au XVIIIe siècle, un large éventail d’opinions s’étend d’un pôle négatif : les auteurs adversaires de toute alphabétisation de la femme ; passe par des positions intermédiaires : ceux qui permettent la lecture de certains genres ; jusqu’au pôle positif : des plaidoyers pour l’accès libre à toute lecture. Pour résumer le rôle de la lecture dans le débat sur les femmes, on peut signaler deux aspects importants : d’abord, tous ceux qui participent à ce débat sont convaincus que lire et écrire sont des techniques culturelles qui rendent possible une plus grande autonomie féminine. Deuxièmement, tous sont confrontés à la contradiction entre les postulats des Lumières, dont l’image du flambeau du savoir écartant les préjugés n’est pas la moins connue, et la pensée traditionnelle sur les femmes qui insiste sur l’inutilité, voire le danger de la lecture et du savoir
Lectures entrecoupées : la logique de la périodicité et la logique de l’alphabet
Authors: Häseler Jens
Published: August 2017

Face à la multiplication des textes imprimés, l’extension des connaissances et la lente compartimentalisation des sciences, de nouvelles formes de présentation des savoirs surgissent au dix-huitième siècle. Deux formes de publication sont particulièrement représentatives de l’éclatement du système du savoir et des stratégies nouvelles de publication : la publication périodique des revues et celle dans l’ordre de l’alphabétique des dictionnaires. Toutes deux invitent les lecteurs à suivre un rythme entrecoupé de lecture. La loi de cohésion est remplacée soit par la valeur de la nouveauté, soit par la place facilement identifiable dans l’ordre de l’alphabet (et le système des connaissances). La variété des genres textuels utilisés et le mode de lecture — par petit morceaux — rapproche les publications périodique et alphabétique. Une analyse synchronique, en l’occurrence de certaines années du Journal encyclopédique et de l’Encyclopédie permet de voir les parallèles. Le Siècle des lumières apparaît dans ce sens comme l’époque de la diversification radicale des modes de lecture... et d’écriture
Réimpressions et contrefaçons à la fin du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Weil Françoise
Published: August 2017

Si une « nouveauté » au XVIIIe siècle a du succès, le premier tirage est vite épuisé, et on réimprime. Qui réimprime ? Parfois le premier éditeur, parfois un des imprimeurs de province ou de l’étranger comme la Société typographique de Neuchâtel, spécialisée dans les contrefaçons. Mais qu’entend-on par contrefaçon ? Encore aujourd’hui le débat n’est pas clos : faut-il la limiter aux pays où il existe des privilèges, c’est-à-dire à la France et éventuellement à la Hollande ? Il n’existe aucun signe caractéristique d’une contrefaçon, seul un examen attentif des exemplaires, en particulier des ornements typographiques, permet de les distinguer. L’article discute des contrefaçons d’ouvrages français privilégiés et parus sans privilège français, celles d’ouvrages parus sous leur véritable adresse en Hollande ou en Suisse respectivement, et les contrefaçons d’ouvrages parus sous fausse adresse
As Cartas Chilenas e as Cartas Marruecas: entre o apelo iluminista e a tradição ibérica
Authors: Lima Marcelo Fernando de , Nascimento Naira De Almeida
Published: August 2017

Publicadas em volume somente em 1845, as Cartas chilenas circularam por meio de versões manuscritas em 1789, meses antes do episódio da Conjuração Mineira, que levaria Tomás Antônio Gonzaga primeiro à prisão e, anos depois, ao degredo em Moçambique. As Cartas Marruecas saíram no mesmo ano de 1789, ainda incompletas, no Correo de Madri, já postumamente, tendo seu autor, José de Cadalso, falecido durante o serviço militar em consequência de um bombardeio britânico no sul do seu país, em 1782. Ambos os textos participam de uma linhagem literária epistolar disseminada durante o século XVIII conhecida também como as Cartas pseudo-orientalizantes, que tem seu principal marco nas Cartas Persas, de Montesquieu. O artigo, seguindo o curso das leituras de ordem histórica atribuídas aos dois textos, procura perceber que, apesar da inspiração iluminista, tanto Cadalso como Gonzaga cederam às implicações socioculturais vivenciadas no espaço ibérico em finais do Antigo Regime.
Representações do protagonismo feminino em Howards End, de E. M. Forster
Authors: Aguiar Alexandre Menezes de , Flores Fulvio Torres
Published: August 2017

As personagens femininas de E. M. Forster têm grande importância nos romances do autor, uma vez que representam aspectos sociais, políticos e filosóficos da sociedade do século XX e, por meio delas, ele desenvolve suas observações sobre os principais acontecimentos que definem a sociedade. Em Howards End, as irmãs Schlegel Margaret, Helen e sua tia Juley representam a emancipação feminina e os aspectos culturais da burguesia. As irmãs têm seus caminhos cruzados com os de Ruth Wilcox, esposa de Henry, que vem auxiliá-las no momento de dificuldades quando o aluguel delas expira e decide entregar sua própria residência (Howards End) para elas. Além dessas, outras personagens importantes como Dolly, a senhora Avery, Evie e Jacky Bast são responsáveis por desempenhar certas atividades e representações no romance. A análise de suas personalidades e características permite uma abordagem mais objetiva daquilo que o autor realmente busca descrever no período de 1910. Logo, ao unir esses grupos de mulheres, podemos delimitar suas especificidades e atribuições, observando cada singularidade que elas têm. Essa abordagem dos núcleos familiares femininos permite uma análise sociocultural das três classes sociais representadas neste romance, a saber: elite econômica (Wilcox), burguesia (Schlegel) e proletariado (Bast) do início do século XX.
Divergent Specificity Development of IgG1 and IgG4 Autoantibodies in Endemic Pemphigus Foliaceus (Fogo Selvagem)
Authors: Maldonado Mike , Diaz Luis A , Prisayanh Phillip , Yang Jinsheng , Qaqish Bahjat F , Aoki Valeria , Hans-Filho Gunter , Rivitti Evandro A , Culton Donna A , Qian Ye
Published: August 2017

We have shown that although the IgG response in fogo selvagem (FS) is mainly restricted to desmoglein (Dsg) 1, other keratinocyte cadherins are also targeted by FS patients and healthy control subjects living in the endemic region of Limão Verde, Brazil (endemic controls). Evaluating nonpathogenic IgG1 and pathogenic IgG4 subclass responses to desmosomal proteins may reveal important differences between pathogenic and nonpathogenic responses, and how these differences relate to the pathogenic IgG4 response and resultant FS. In this study, we tested by ELISA >100 sera from each FS patient, endemic control, and nonendemic control for IgG1 and IgG4 autoantibodies to keratinocyte cadherins besides Dsg1. IgG1 and IgG4 subclass responses in endemic controls are highly correlated between Dsg1 and other keratinocyte cadherins. This correlation persists in the IgG1 response among FS patients, but diminishes in IgG4 response, suggesting that IgG1 binds highly conserved linear epitopes among cadherins, whereas IgG4 binds mainly specific conformational epitopes on Dsg1. A confirmatory test comparing serum samples of 11 individuals before and after their FS onset substantiated our findings that IgG1 recognizes primarily linear epitopes on Dsg1 both before and after disease onset, whereas IgG4 recognizes primarily linear epitopes before disease onset, but recognizes more conformational epitopes on Dsg1 after the onset of disease. This study may provide a mechanism by which a specificity convergence of the IgG4 response to unique Dsg1 epitopes, most likely conformational pathogenic epitopes, leads to the onset of FS disease.
Specific Reference Intervals of Serum Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, and Thyroid-stimulating Hormone in Normal Pregnant Indian Women as per Trimester
Authors: Hazra Nandita , Mitra Binay , Pal Reetika
Published: August 2017

Aim

Maternal thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy are vital for the health of the mother as well as the developing child. Fetal growth is affected by maternal thyroid levels. Various physiological changes like alterations of thyroxine-binding globulins, human chorionic gonadotropin level, and changes in iodide metabolism affect maternal thyroid hormone levels. Therefore, reference intervals (RIs) for thyroid hormones in pregnant population require to be established separately from the general population.

Materials and methods

The RIs of serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined in healthy pregnant women by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique after segregating them into three trimesters. This study was conducted in a 492-bedded zonal-level hospital. The reference population was chosen from a study population of pregnant women by strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The assays were done by the most-commonly used, economical ELISA method employing standard kits. Tests were done using accurate and precise methods with proper quality control measures.

Results

The RIs were calculated from the central 95% of distribution of total T3, total T4, and TSH values located between 2.5 and 97.5 percentile values. The 0.90 confidence intervals for the upper and lower reference limits were calculated. The values thus obtained were different from those provided by the manufacturer kit literature.

Conclusion

It is recommended to determine one's own laboratory-specific, method-specific, trimester-wise RIs for maternal thyroid hormone status and use them for screening of pregnant women.

How to cite this article

Chakrabarty BK, Mitra B, Pal R, Hazra N. Specific Reference Intervals of Serum Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, and Thyroid-stimulating Hormone in Normal Pregnant Indian Women as per Trimester. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(1):17-21.
Vitamin D Status in Pregnancy: Fetomaternal Outcome and Correlation with Cord Blood Vitamin D
Authors: Jain Sanjay , Debnath Arijit , Ray Somosri
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy has been reported to cause various maternal effects, i.e., hypocalcemia, subclinical myopathy, increased risk of preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), cesarean sections, and fetal effects, i.e., neonatal tetany, hyperbilirubinemia congenital rickets, infantile rickets, etc. Only few Indian studies are available in this regard.

Objective

To estimate serum vitamin D levels in pregnant women, cord blood, and study fetomaternal outcomes.

Materials and methods

A prospective observational study was conducted on 54 consecutive pregnant women and their newborn babies. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] level was estimated in all women at the time of admission in labor ward. They were followed up to delivery and 48 hours postpartum. Vitamin D was also estimated in cord blood collected during delivery. All results were recorded and analyzed statistically.

Results

The mean 25(OH)D level in pregnancy was 6.81 ± 7.38 ng/mL. The mean 25(OH)D level in their babies (cord blood) was 6.34 ± 7.05 ng/mL. There was very strong positive correlation between maternal and fetal serum 25(OH)D levels (p-value 0.001, r-value 0.9). Vitamin D deficiency was strongly associated with obesity, PE, and GDM (p-value 0.001). Neonatal jaundice and tetany were also significantly associated with severe vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusion

Low levels of vitamin D have been observed in pregnant women and their newborn babies. Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with adverse fetomaternal outcomes. As there is a strong correlation of maternal and neonatal levels, supplementing vitamin D in a pregnant women might improve these adverse pregnancy outcomes.

How to cite this article

Gupta M, Debnath A, Jain S, Saini V, Ray S. Vitamin D Status in Pregnancy: Fetomaternal Outcome and Correlation with Cord Blood Vitamin D. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(1):42-48.
Study of Oxidative Stress Status in Relation to Glycemic Index Fluctuations in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Arafeen Shazia , Chatterjee Madhumita
Published: August 2017

Background

Oxidative stress is characterized by an increased generation of O2-derived molecules called reactive oxygen species that provoke critical, even irreversible, cell injury.

Aim

To evaluate oxidative stress status through measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and to analyze association of changes in MDA status with respect to fluctuations in glycemic control.

Materials and methods

A total of 112 subjects, both males and females, aged above 30 years were enrolled for this study, in which 81 had type II diabetes and 31 were without diabetes. Random blood sugar (RBS) was measured by glucose oxidase and peroxidase method. Serum MDA was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by ion exchange resin method.

Results

The MDA and HbA1c levels were increased in diabetics and were statistically significant. In all the studied groups, MDA was positively correlated with RBS and HbA1c.

Conclusion and clinical significance

The study suggests that MDA should be measured along with routine parameters of disease and the use of redox active antioxidants to tone down MDA levels may be evaluated to contribute in early and improvised clinical management of type II diabetes mellitus and also to delay the development of secondary complications of the disease.

How to cite this article

Arafeen S, Chatterjee M. Study of Oxidative Stress Status in Relation to Glycemic Index Fluctuations in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(1):49-53.