bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical cream separator coupled with vacuum filtration for the purification of eimerian oocysts and trichostrongylid eggs
Authors: El-Ashram Saeed , Suo Xun
Published: February 2017

Several methods have been proposed for separation of eimerian oocysts and trichostrongylid eggs from extraneous debris; however, these methods have been considered to be still inconvenient in terms of time and wide-ranging applications. We describe herein an alternative way using the combination of electrical cream separator and vacuum filtration for harvesting and purifying eimerian oocysts and haemonchine eggs on large-scale applications with approximately 81% and 92% recovery rates for oocysts and nematode eggs obtained from avian and ovine faeces, correspondingly. The sporulation percentages as a measure of viability in the harvested oocysts and eggs from dry faecal materials are nearly 68% and 74%, respectively, and 12 liters of faecal suspension can be processed in approximately 7.5 min. The mode of separation in terms of costs (i.e. simple laboratory equipments and comparably cheap reagents) and benefits renders the reported procedure an appropriate pursuit to harvest and purify parasite oocysts and eggs on a large scale in the shortest duration from diverse volumes of environmental samples compared to the modified traditional sucrose gradient, which can be employed on a small scale.
Excessive nitrogen application dampens antioxidant capacity and grain filling in wheat as revealed by metabolic and physiological analyses
Authors: Kong Lingan , Xie Yan , Hu Ling , Si Jisheng , Wang Zongshuai
Published: February 2017

In this study, field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was treated with normal (Nn) and excessive (Ne) levels of fertilizer N. Results showed that Ne depressed the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase and increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was higher under Ne at anthesis and medium milk but similar at the early dough stage and significantly lower at the hard dough stage than that under Nn. The metabolomics analysis of the leaf responses to Ne during grain filling showed 99 metabolites that were different between Ne and Nn treatments, including phenolic and flavonoid compounds, amino acids, organic acids and lipids, which are primarily involved in ROS scavenging, N metabolism, heat stress adaptation and disease resistance. Organic carbon (C) and total N contents were affected by the Ne treatment, with lower C/N ratios developing after medium milk. Ultimately, grain yields decreased with Ne. Based on these data, compared with the normal N fertilizer treatment, we concluded that excessive N application decreased the ability to scavenge ROS, increased lipid peroxidation and caused significant metabolic changes disturbing N metabolism, secondary metabolism and lipid metabolism, which led to reduced grain filling in wheat.
Heterogeneity in global vegetation and terrestrial climate change during the late Eocene to early Oligocene transition
Authors: Pound Matthew J. , Salzmann Ulrich
Published: February 2017

Rapid global cooling at the Eocene – Oligocene Transition (EOT), ~33.9–33.5 Ma, is widely considered to mark the onset of the modern icehouse world. A large and rapid drop in atmospheric pCO2 has been proposed as the driving force behind extinctions in the marine realm and glaciation on Antarctica. However, the global terrestrial response to this cooling is uncertain. Here we present the first global vegetation and terrestrial temperature reconstructions for the EOT. Using an extensive palynological dataset, that has been statistically grouped into palaeo-biomes, we show a more transitional nature of terrestrial climate change by indicating a spatial and temporal heterogeneity of vegetation change at the EOT in both hemispheres. The reconstructed terrestrial temperatures show for many regions a cooling that started well before the EOT and continued into the Early Oligocene. We conclude that the heterogeneous pattern of global vegetation change has been controlled by a combination of multiple forcings, such as tectonics, sea-level fall and long-term decline in greenhouse gas concentrations during the late Eocene to early Oligocene, and does not represent a single response to a rapid decline in atmospheric pCO2 at the EOT.
Correction: Corrigendum: CREB-mediated synaptogenesis and neurogenesis is crucial for the role of 5-HT1a receptors in modulating anxiety behaviors
Authors: Zhang Jing , Cai Cheng-Yun , Wu Hai-Yin , Zhu Li-Juan , Luo Chun-Xia , Zhu Dong-Ya
Published: February 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 29551; published online: 12 July 2016; updated: 24 February 2017 This Article contains an error in Figure 4A, where the LV-VP16-CREB-GFP + NAN-190 representative image is incorrect. The Figure legend is correct. The correct Figure 4A appears below as Figure 1.
Ultrafast investigation of photoinduced charge transfer in aminoanthraquinone pharmaceutical product
Authors: Zhang Song , Sun Simei , Zhou Miaomiao , Wang Lian , Zhang Bing
Published: February 2017

We investigated the mechanism of intramolecular charge transfer and the following radiationless dynamics of the excited states of 1-aminoanthraquinone using steady state and time-resolved absorption spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. Following photoexcitation with 460 nm, conformational relaxation via twisting of the amino group, charge transfer and the intersystem crossing (ISC) processes have been established to be the major relaxation pathways responsible for the ultrafast nonradiative of the excited S1 state. Intramolecular proton transfer, which could be induced by intramolecular hydrogen bonding is inspected and excluded. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations reveal the change of the dipole moments of the S0 and S1 states along the twisted coordinate of the amino group, indicating the mechanism of twisted intra-molecular charge transfer (TICT). The timescale of TICT is measured to be 5 ps due to the conformational relaxation and a barrier on the S1 potential surface. The ISC from the S1 state to the triplet manifold is a main deactivation pathway with the decay time of 28 ps. Our results observed here have yield a physically intuitive and complete picture of the photoinduced charge transfer and radiationless dynamics in anthraquinone pharmaceutial products.
Untangling the role of one-carbon metabolism in colorectal cancer risk: a comprehensive Bayesian network analysis
Authors: Myte Robin , Gylling Björn , Häggström Jenny , Schneede Jörn , Magne Ueland Per , Hallmans Göran , Johansson Ingegerd , Palmqvist Richard , Van Guelpen Bethany
Published: February 2017

The role of one-carbon metabolism (1CM), particularly folate, in colorectal cancer (CRC) development has been extensively studied, but with inconclusive results. Given the complexity of 1CM, the conventional approach, investigating components individually, may be insufficient. We used a machine learning-based Bayesian network approach to study, simultaneously, 14 circulating one-carbon metabolites, 17 related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and several environmental factors in relation to CRC risk in 613 cases and 1190 controls from the prospective Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. The estimated networks corresponded largely to known biochemical relationships. Plasma concentrations of folate (direct), vitamin B6 (pyridoxal 5-phosphate) (inverse), and vitamin B2 (riboflavin) (inverse) had the strongest independent associations with CRC risk. Our study demonstrates the importance of incorporating B-vitamins in future studies of 1CM and CRC development, and the usefulness of Bayesian network learning for investigating complex biological systems in relation to disease.
A smart sealed nucleic acid biosensor based on endogenous reference gene detection to screen and identify mammals on site
Authors: Xu Yuancong , Xiang Wenjin , Wang Qin , Cheng Nan , Zhang Li , Huang Kunlun , Xu Wentao
Published: February 2017

The identification of meat adulteration is a hotspot for food research worldwide. In this paper, a smart and sealed biosensor that combines loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with a lateral flow device (LFD) was developed, resulting in the universal mammalian assessment on site. First, the highly specific chromosomal Glucagon gene (Gcg) was chosen as the endogenous reference gene, and the LAMP approach provided double-labeled duplex DNA products using FITC- and BIO- modified primers. Then, an LFD strategy was used for specific signal recognition through an immunoassay. Meanwhile, LFD-LAMP was compared to LAMP and real-time LAMP, the results showed consistent high specificity and sensitivity but in a more convenient and easy-to-use system. In addition, the detection limit was as low as 10 pg, which was equivalent to 3~5 copies in mammals. All of the reactions were performed in a sealed system regardless of the amplification process or products recognized. Therefore, the smart design demonstrated significantly high specificity and the ability to detect trace amounts of DNA in complex and processed foods with mammalian meat. As a universal and specific platform for the detection of mammalian DNA, this smart biosensor is an excellent prospect for species identification and meat adulteration.
Long-term homeostasis and wound healing in an in vitro epithelial stem cell niche model
Authors: Miyashita Hideyuki , Niwano Hiroko , Yoshida Satoru , Hatou Shin , Inagaki Emi , Tsubota Kazuo , Shimmura Shigeto
Published: February 2017

Cultures of epithelial cells are limited by the proliferative capacity of primary cells and cell senescence. Herein we show that primary human epithelial cell sheets cultured without dermal equivalents maintained homeostasis in vitro for at least 1 year. Transparency of these sheets enabled live observation of pigmented melanocytes and Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Cell Cycle Indicator (FUCCI) labeled epithelial cells during wound healing. Cell turn over and KRT15 expression pattern stabilized within 3 months, when KRT15 bright clusters often associated with niche-like melanocytes became apparent. EdU labels were retained in a subset of epithelial cells and melanocytes after 6 months chasing, suggesting their slow cell cycling property. FUCCI-labeling demonstrated robust cell migration and proliferation following wounding. Transparency and long-term (1 year) homeostasis of this model will be a powerful tool for the study of wound healing and cell linage tracing.
Imaging rotations and vibrations in polyatomic molecules with X-ray scattering
Authors: Moreno Carrascosa Andrés , Northey Thomas , Kirrander Adam
Published: February 2017

An approach for calculating elastic X-ray scattering from polyatomic molecules in specific electronic, vibrational, and rotational states is presented, and is used to consider the characterization of specific states in polyatomic molecules using elastic X-ray scattering.
Controlling the termination and photochemical reactivity of the SrTiO3(110) surface
Authors: Zhu Yisi , Salvador Paul A. , Rohrer Gregory S.
Published: February 2017

Thermo-chemical processing can tailor the properties of the SrTiO3(110) surface by establishing specified photoanodic to photocathodic area fractions.
29Si NMR and SAXS investigation of the hybrid organic–inorganic glasses obtained by consolidation of the melting gels
Authors: Jitianu Andrei , Cadars Sylvian , Zhang Fan , Rodriguez Gabriela , Picard Quentin , Aparicio Mario , Mosa Jadra , Klein Lisa C.
Published: February 2017

This study is focused on structural characterization of hybrid glasses obtained by consolidation of melting gels.
Visible-light-induced dual C–C bond formation via selective C(sp3)–H bond cleavage: efficient access to alkylated oxindoles from activated alkenes and simple ethers under metal-free conditions
Authors: Xia Dong , Li Yang , Miao Tao , Li Pinhua , Wang Lei
Published: February 2017

A visible-light-induced oxidative difunctionalization of activated alkenes with simple ethersviaselective C(sp3)–H bond cleavage and dual C–C bond formation was developed.
Earth-abundant photocatalytic systems for the visible-light-driven reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Rosas-Hernández Alonso , Steinlechner Christoph , Junge Henrik , Beller Matthias
Published: February 2017

A highly selective earth-abundant photocalytic system, based on an in situ copper photosensitizer and an iron catalyst, was developed for the CO2-to-CO transformation.
Impedance spectroscopy-based cell/particle position detection in microfluidic systems
Authors: Wang H. , Sobahi N. , Han A.
Published: February 2017

A high-throughput and low-cost impedance spectroscopy-based microfluidic platform capable of detecting/discriminating the transverse positions of cells/particles flowing within a microfluidic channel.
A mesoporous (3,36)-connected txt-type metal–organic framework constructed by using a naphthyl-embedded ligand exhibiting high CO2 storage and selectivity
Authors: Lu Zhiyong , Zhang Jianfeng , He Haiyan , Du Liting , Hang Cheng
Published: February 2017

A highly mesoporous (3,36)-connected txt-type metal–organic framework with a naphthalene-embedded ligand was successfully synthesized with high CO2 storage capacity and selectivity.
DFT study of NO adsorption on pristine graphene
Authors: Gao Hongwei , Liu Zhijie
Published: February 2017

A total of three adsorption sites on pristine graphene surface.
Polyethyleneimine-mediated seed growth approach for synthesis of silver-shell silica-core nanocomposites and their application as a versatile SERS platform
Authors: Wang Chongwen , Li Min , Li Qingjun , Zhang Kehan , Wang Chaoguang , Xiao Rui , Wang Shengqi
Published: February 2017

PEI-mediated seed growth approach for synthesis of high performance silver-shell silica-core nanocomposites.
Validation of pretreatment of filter samples for airborne plutonium monitoring: a feasibility study
Authors: Li Dongmei , Liu Longbo , Tang Hangbing , Li Mei , Zhou Guoqing
Published: February 2017

Filter samples with known Pu contents are made for validation of a pretreatment process of airborne Pu analysis.
Rapid detection of Pericarpium papaveris in hot pot condiments using thin-layer chromatography and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with a support vector machine
Authors: Hu Xiaopeng , Fang Guozhen , Han Ailing , Liu Jingmin , Wang Shuo
Published: February 2017

A novel multidisciplinary method for the detection of Pericarpium papaveris in hot pot condiments was put forward using the QuEChERS with TLC-SERS.
A novel fluorescent probe based on ESIPT and AIE processes for the detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose and its application in nasopharyngeal carcinoma imaging
Authors: Wang Xingwei , Huang Yuzhao , Lv Wuwu , Li Chengmin , Zeng Wang , Zhang Ye , Feng Xueping
Published: February 2017

A novel fluorescent probe HPQB based on ESIPT and AIE was developed for the detection of H2O2 and glucose.
Selective detection of cysteine over homocysteine and glutathione by a simple and effective probe
Authors: Kang Yan-Fei , Qiao Hai-Xia , Meng Ya-Li , Xin Zhen-Hui , Ge Li-Ping , Dai Ming-Yan , Xu Jing-Jing , Zhang Cun-Hui
Published: February 2017

A simple fluorescent probe, with a latent coumarin fluorophore and an acrylate recognition site, is able to selectively and quantificationally detect cysteine over other biothiols, such as homocysteine and glutathione.
Electrochemical [11C]CO2to [11C]CO conversion for PET imaging
Authors: Anders David A. , Bongarzone Salvatore , Fortt Robin , Gee Antony D. , Long Nicholas J.
Published: February 2017

Development of a novel electrochemical radiochemistry methodologyi.e.reduction of [11C]CO2to [11C]CO at room temperature and pressure using metal cyclam complexes.
Electrocatalytic intramolecular oxidative annulation of N-aryl enamines into substituted indoles mediated by iodides
Authors: Tang Shan , Gao Xinlong , Lei Aiwen
Published: February 2017

An electrocatalytic reaction protocol is developed for achieving intramolecular dehydrogenative annulation ofN-aryl enamines.
Monochromophoric iridium(iii) pyridyl–tetrazine complexes as a unique design strategy for bioorthogonal probes with luminogenic behavior
Authors: Tang Tommy Siu-Ming , Liu Hua-Wei , Lo Kenneth Kam-Wing
Published: February 2017

This is the first reported use of the metal-coordination property of tetrazine in the construction of luminogenic bioorthogonal probes and modulation of the inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction kinetics.
Palladium-catalysed intramolecular carbenoid insertion of α-diazo-α-(methoxycarbonyl)acetanilides for oxindole synthesis
Authors: Solé Daniel , Pérez-Janer Ferran , Fernández Israel
Published: February 2017

A novel, selective palladium-catalysed carbenoid C(aryl)–H insertion of α-diazo-α-(methoxycarbonyl)acetanilides leading to oxindoles is described.
Cryptolepine and quindoline: understanding their photophysics
Authors: Mariz Inês F. A. , Pinto Sandra , Lavrado João , Paulo Alexandra , Martinho José M. G. , Maçôas Ermelinda M. S.
Published: February 2017

The photophysics of building blocks of anti-malaria agents based on indoloquinolines, namely cryptolepine and quindoline, is studied in different solvents.
Screening metal–organic frameworks for separation of pentane isomers
Authors: Krishna Rajamani , van Baten Jasper M.
Published: February 2017

Pentane isomers can be fractionated using Fe2(BDP)3 to yield three different fractions depending on the degree of branching.
A comparative study of surface energies and water adsorption on Ce-bastnäsite, La-bastnäsite, and calcite via density functional theory and water adsorption calorimetry
Authors: Goverapet Srinivasan Sriram , Shivaramaiah Radha , Kent Paul R. C. , Stack Andrew G. , Riman Richard , Anderko Andre , Navrotsky Alexandra , Bryantsev Vyacheslav S.
Published: February 2017

Rational design of bastnäsite specific collector molecules must exploit its surface structural features.
The modification of Pd core–silica shell catalysts by functional molecules (KBr, CTAB, SC) and their application to the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen
Authors: Chen Zheng , Pan Hongyan , Lin Qian , Zhang Xin , Xiao Sheng , He Shun
Published: February 2017

Pd core–silica shell catalysts were prepared with different functional molecules. The catalyst PdKBr@SiO2 had the highest H2O2 selectivity and productivity in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide.
Immunomodulatory effects of Hericium erinaceus derived polysaccharides are mediated by intestinal immunology
Authors: Sheng Xiaotong , Yan Jingmin , Meng Yue , Kang Yuying , Han Zhen , Tai Guihua , Zhou Yifa , Cheng Hairong
Published: February 2017

The immunomodulatory effects of Hericium erinaceus derived polysaccharides are mediated by intestinal immunology.
Isolation and structure elucidation of natural products of three soft corals and a sponge from the coast of Madagascar
Authors: Rahelivao Marie Pascaline , Lübken Tilo , Gruner Margit , Kataeva Olga , Ralambondrahety Rahanira , Andriamanantoanina Hanta , Checinski Marek P. , Bauer Ingmar , Knölker Hans-Joachim
Published: February 2017

The Madagascan soft coralCapnella fungiformisprovided the two diastereoisomeric ethyl furancarboxylates1and2and the diepoxyguaiane sesquiterpene oxyfungiformin (3).
Induction of supramolecular chirality by chiral solvation in achiral Azo polymers with different spacer lengths and push–pull electronic substituents: where will chiral induction appear?
Authors: Yin Lu , Zhao Yin , Liu Meng , Zhou Nianchen , Zhang Wei , Zhu Xiulin
Published: February 2017

Effects of achiral azobenzene polymers with different spacer lengths and push–pull electronic substituents on supramolecular chirality induced by chiral limonene are reported in detail.
Red-emitting AIEgen for luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: De Nisi F. , Francischello R. , Battisti A. , Panniello A. , Fanizza E. , Striccoli M. , Gu X. , Leung N. L. C. , Tang B. Z. , Pucci A.
Published: February 2017

This study reports for the first time the use of a red-emitting AIEgen, i.e. TPE-AC, for the realization of efficient luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC) thin films (25 ± 5 μm).
Cerium-doped mesoporous-assembled SiO2/P25 nanocomposites with innovative visible-light sensitivity for the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes
Authors: Jiang Yan , Jin Zheng , Chen Chen , Duan Wubiao , Liu Bo , Chen Xidong , Yang Feihua , Guo Jianping
Published: February 2017

Photocatalytic mechanism for the photodegradation of organic dyes over a Ce–SiO2/P25 catalyst under visible light.
Preparation and characterization of silicone rubber with high modulus via tension spring-type crosslinking
Authors: Feng Linglong , Li Shusheng , Feng Shengyu
Published: February 2017

“Tension spring-type crosslinking” for improving the modulus of silicone rubber.
Dysregulation of Fra1 expression by Wnt/β-catenin signalling promotes glioma aggressiveness through epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Zhang Li , Liu Huaijun , Mu Xiaodan , Cui Jianling , Peng Zhigang
Published: February 2017

Aberrant expression of Fos-related antigen-1 (Fra1) is commonly elevated in various malignant cancers and is strongly implicated in invasion and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its dysregulation in human glioma remain poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that up-regulation of Fra1 plays a crucial role in the glioma aggressiveness and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) activated by Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. In glioma cells, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling by Wnt3a administration obviously induced EMT and directly activated the transcription of Fra1. Phenotype experiments revealed that up-regulation of Fra1 induced by Wnt/β-catenin signalling drove the EMT of glioma cells. Furthermore, it was found that the cisplatin resistance acquired by Wnt/β-catenin signalling activation depended on increased expression of Fra1. Analysis of clinical specimens verified a positive correlation between Fra1 and β-catenin as well as a poor prognosis in glioma patients with double-high expressions of them. These findings indicate that an aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signalling leads to the EMT and drug resistance of glioma via Fra1 induction, which suggests novel therapeutic strategies for the malignant disease.
Efficient motion estimation algorithm on the layers
Authors: Paramkusam A.V.
Published: February 2017

The two‐layer motion estimation (TME) algorithm searches the motion vectors on the layers with partial distortion measures to boost the computational speed of motion estimation. An efficient motion estimation algorithm is presented in which a fast partial distortion calculation method (FPDCM) has been developed to speed up the motion estimation process on the layers without affecting motion prediction quality. This FPDCM efficiently calculates the partial distortions on the layers faster by removing the redundant computations involved in the partial distortion calculation. As a result, the speed with motion estimation on the layers by using FPDCM is increased when compared with the TME algorithm. Experimental results are given to show the superiority of the proposed algorithm over TME as well as the state‐of‐the‐art fast block matching algorithms.
Stabilisation of locally Lipschitz non‐linear systems under input saturation and quantisation
Authors: Rehan Muhammad , Tufail Muhammad , Ahn Choon Ki , Chadli Mohammed
Published: February 2017

This study addresses the control of locally Lipschitz non‐linear systems under quantisation and input saturation non‐linearities. The non‐linear dynamics of the systems are taken to be locally Lipschitz, rather than the conventional globally Lipschitz counterpart, to consider a generalised form of the Lipschitz non‐linear systems. An ellipsoidal region containing the origin is constructed, for which the non‐linear dynamics satisfy the Lipschitz condition in contrast to the conventional approaches. Saturation and quantisation non‐linearities are dealt using a generalised local sector condition and a bound on the quantisation noise. A regional control strategy for the stabilisation of non‐linear systems using state feedback is devised by employing these conditions, which is further extended to attain robustness against external perturbations. The proposed control strategies guarantee convergence of the states of a non‐linear system inside a bounded reducible region in the neighbourhood of the origin. In contrast to the conventional approaches, the present study considers ellipsoidally Lipschitz non‐linear systems, supports various types of quantisers, ensures attenuation of the disturbances, and provides a clear picture of the region of stability. An example of the application of the proposed control strategies for a modified Chua's circuit is demonstrated.
Ultra‐high voltage/extra‐high voltage transmission‐line protection based on longitudinal tapped impedance
Authors: Liu Shiming , Li Jianhui , Wu Jukun , Guo Tao , Jiang Lin
Published: February 2017

Longitudinal current differential protection is often used as the main protection of ultra‐high voltage (UHV)/extra‐high voltage (EHV) transmission lines. It's sensitivity and selectivity will be severely influenced by the considerably increased distributed capacitive current with the increase of voltage level and transmission distance. In this study, a novel UHV/EHV transmission line protection is proposed based on longitudinal tapped impedance. For sound transmission line or transmission line with external faults, the calculated impedance is approximately equal to the capacitive reactance of the line. If internal faults occur on the line, the computed impedance of the faulty phase is approximately equal to the parallel value of the line capacitive reactance and the fault resistance. The proposed protection does not require the compensation of capacitive current and is not affected by load current and system impedance. This new protection principle has an improved selectivity and natural phase selection ability, and very high sensibility for high resistance faults. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed protection have been verified by simulation tests.
Short‐term scheduling problem in smart grid considering reliability improvement in bad weather conditions
Authors: Yousefi‐khangah Babak , Ghassemzadeh Saeid , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Mohammadi‐Ivatloo Behnam
Published: February 2017

The worldwide needs to increase the reliability of the electrical grids and to reduce energy not supplied (ENS) are the major goals in traditional grids. Smart grids have key features such as intelligence, adaption and flexibility abilities, to reduce the effects of outages in society. This study proposes an optimised operational strategy which increases the robustness of smart grid against outages caused by bad weather conditions. The proposed method takes advantage of dynamic economic dispatch and hourly forecasted weather information. Intelligent scheduling of demand response programs and energy storage system, are formulated as a multi‐objective optimisation problem considering consumer interruption costs. In this study, the objective functions consist of benefit maximisation of the distribution companies, benefit of the distributed generation and energy storage owners (DGO). In the proposed approach, line interruption rates are affected by weather conditions and consequently the ENS cost will be influenced in each time interval. DisCohas the ability to modify energy cost to overcome bad weather conditions and reduce ENS in different time periods. Simulation results show that the presented method reduces the real operation and ENS cost for DisCo. In addition, DisCo increases the benefits of DGO.
Three‐phase battery storage system with transformerless cascaded multilevel inverter for distribution grid applications
Authors: Busarello Tiago Davi Curi , Mortezaei Ali , Bubshait Abdullah S. , Simões Marcelo Godoy
Published: February 2017

A distributed generator (DG) based on renewable energy is a promising technology for the future of the electrical sector. DGs may benefit utility companies and customers in a variety of perspectives. However, DGs suffer from intermittent behaviour. Storage systems appear as an attractive solution to support the continuous operation of DGs. The technology within the storage also plays an important role, since DGs and storage are connected in medium‐voltage grids. The use of batteries and the DC/AC converter in its conventional structure presents drawbacks in such grids. In this context, this study presents a three‐phase transformerless battery storage system (BSS) based on a cascaded H‐bridge inverter applied to a medium‐voltage grid. The BSS is composed of eight equal series connected H‐bridge converters, without bulk transformers, for connection to a distribution grid. Each converter contains 75, 12V/600Ah lead‐acid batteries. The converters are controlled through pulse‐width modulation at 600Hz. The BSS is able to keep working even with a failure of one of its converters. Reactive energy compensation not compensated by an existent passive filter is also performed. A case study with simulated and experimental results obtained through a hardware‐in‐the‐loop system is presented showing the efficacy of the proposed BSS.
Probabilistic transmission expansion planning for increasing wind power penetration
Authors: Qiu Jing , Zhao Junhua , Dong Zhao Yang
Published: February 2017

Wind power is one of the promising renewable energy resources to achieve energy sustainability. Its growth poses increasing financial and technical challenges to power systems, mainly due to the wind intermittency. Existing transmission networks may require infrastructure investment, in order to maintain the economical, secure and reliable operations of power systems with increasing wind power penetration. This study proposes a stochastic transmission expansion planning (TEP) framework to assess the impacts of wind power penetration and demand response incorporation. A risk constraint on load curtailment is introduced and its effect on TEP solutions is investigated. Also, to reduce the complexity and size the formulated TEP problem, a decomposition‐based approach is adopted. According to the numerical results on the Garver's six‐bus and the modified IEEE 30‐bus systems, the solutions of TEP are subject to the variation of wind power characteristics and cannot be determined straightforward. Hence risk‐analysis should be carried out to guide transmission investment with increased flexibility. The incorporation of wind power uncertainty increases the total cost and expected energy not supplied, which can be mitigated by the proposed TEP approach.
Using a moving aerial platform to detect and localise a low probability of intercept radar
Authors: Hejazi Kookamari Farzam , Norouzi Yaser , Nayebi Mohammad Mahdi
Published: February 2017

In this study, the problem of detecting and finding the location of a low probability of intercept (LPI) radar is investigated. A method based on using two electronic support antennas mounted on a moving aircraft is proposed and it is proved that the phase difference between the signals received by the two antennas can be used to detect and localise an LPI radar. In addition, the effect of the aircraft random displacements on the proposed method performance is discussed and a modification to compensate for unwanted motions is introduced. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the method for detecting very low signal‐to‐noise ratio signals, and the proposed method performance is compared with the short‐time Fourier transform method.
Datum correction based on wave equation inversion in time for UWB through‐the‐wall radar
Authors: Li Jiaqiang , Cai Hongyuan , Chen Jinli , Li Chunbiao
Published: February 2017

Through‐the‐wall radar imaging (TWRI) based on the ultra‐wide band (UWB) technology plays an important role in military and civil applications due to its powerful penetration and high down‐range resolution. As a result, it has acquired great interest in the research of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) or multiple‐input and multiple‐output radar. Most of the existing algorithms for TWRI assume that the antenna array is parallel to the front wall. Therefore, they cannot guarantee an idea effect in real applications. The unknown tilt angle between the antenna array and the wall may induce an inevitable imaging distortion and even may lead to a false detection. To solve this problem, the authors propose a new datum correction algorithm based on backward propagation of electromagnetic wave in reverse time. Firstly, according to the time delay of echo signals, the tilt angle and stand‐off distance are estimated to determine the coordinates of antenna elements. A datum plane consequently is determined as well. Secondly, a wave equation inversion problem is solved for giving a set of echo signals collected by the virtual parallel array along with the datum plane. Simulation shows that their proposed algorithm is effective and has robust stability against the noise.
Discrimination between radar targets and deception jamming in distributed multiple‐radar architectures
Authors: Zhao Shanshan , Zhou Yu , Zhang Linrang , Guo Yumei , Tang Shiyang
Published: February 2017

This study considers the problem of deception electronic counter‐countermeasure (ECCM) in distributed multiple‐radar architectures. To discriminate deception targets from the detected targets, a two‐block detection/discrimination ECCM scheme is proposed. The first block is devoted to the detection task, which is achieved by the non‐coherent accumulation detector. If a target is declared, the second block is performed to discriminate between radar targets and deception jamming, exploiting the difference that the jamming signal vectors always exist in a rank one subspace and that the target signal vectors randomly distribute in the whole space. The target discriminator in the Neyman–Pearson sense is developed based on the generalised likelihood ratio test in classical linear models. Furthermore, the analytical expression for the probability of correctly discriminating radar targets is derived. An iteratively censored procedure is established to estimate the jamming subspace in real time. Finally, simulation results verify the feasibility of the new discriminator, and its performance due to the spatial correlation of radar targets, the signal‐to‐noise ratio, and the geometric spread are covered.
Dynamic priority scheduling method for the air‐defence phased array radar
Authors: Zhang Haowei , Xie Junwei , Zong Binfeng , Lu Wenlong , Sheng Chuan
Published: February 2017

A novel scheduling algorithm was proposed aiming at the time resource allocation in the air‐defence phased array radar. The algorithm colligated the threat density of the target and the deadline of the task to calculate the task synthetic priority. Through establishing the threat model of targets and designing the dynamic priority table, the threat level of the target, the task dwell time and the deadline of the task were colligated to calculate the task synthetic priority. Thereby all radar task synthetic priorities were dynamic, and the most important and urgent task could be prior scheduled. In addition, the notion of the threat ratio of execution was put forward to reflect the algorithm performance on scheduling the important tasks. The simulation results show the significant improvement of the proposed algorithm compared with the earliest deadline first algorithm.
Oxidative Kinetic Resolution of cis-Fused Tricyclic 1-Tetralone Derivatives by Guanidine–Bisurea Bifunctional Organocatalyst
Authors: Odagi Minami , Nagasawa Kazuo , Hosoya Keisuke , Yamamoto Yoshiharu
Published: February 2017

We present an enantioselective synthesis of cis-fused tricyclic 1-tetralones via oxidative kinetic resolution in the presence of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) and guanidine–bisurea bifunctional organocatalyst. This reaction affords the corresponding α-hydroxylation products together with unreacted tetralones in good to high enantioselectivity, with s values as high as 42. The reaction was successfully applied for the synthesis of the core structure of a kainoid derivative, 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-carboxy-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid (MFPA).
National Breast Reconstruction Utilization in the Setting of Postmastectomy Radiotherapy
Authors: Razdan Shantanu , Cordeiro Peter , Albornoz Claudia , Disa Joseph , Panchal Hina , Ho Alice , Momoh Adeyiza , Matros Evan
Published: February 2017

Background Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is often deferred, when postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) is anticipated, due to high complication rates. Nonetheless, because of robust data supporting improved health-related quality of life associated with reconstruction, physicians and patients may be more accepting of tradeoffs. The current study explores national trends of IBR utilization rates and methods in the setting of PMRT, using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). The study hypothesis is that prosthetic techniques have become the most common method of IBR in the setting of PMRT.

Methods NCDB was queried from 2004 to 2013 for women, who underwent mastectomy with or without IBR. Patients were grouped according to PMRT status. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds of IBR in the setting of PMRT. Trend analyses were done for rates and methods of IBR using Poisson regression to determine incidence rate ratios (IRRs).

Results In multivariate analysis, radiated patients were 30% less likely to receive IBR (p < 0.05). The rate increase in IBR was greater in radiated compared with nonradiated patients (IRR: 1.12 vs. 1.09). Rates of reconstruction increased more so in radiated compared with nonradiated patients for both implants (IRR 1.15 vs. 1.11) and autologous techniques (IRR 1.08 vs. 1.06). Autologous reconstructions were more common in those receiving PMRT until 2005 (p < 0.05), with no predominant technique thereafter.

Conclusion Although IBR remains a relative contraindication, rates of IBR are increasing to a greater extent in patients receiving PMRT. Implants have surpassed autologous techniques as the most commonly used method of breast reconstruction in this setting.
Monolayers of hard rods on planar substrates. II. Growth
Authors: Klopotek M. , Hansen-Goos H. , Dixit M. , Schilling T. , Schreiber F. , Oettel M.
Published: February 2017

Growth of hard-rod monolayers via deposition is studied in a lattice model using rods with discrete orientations and in a continuum model with hard spherocylinders. The lattice model is treated with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations and dynamic density functional theory while the continuum model is studied by dynamic Monte Carlo simulations equivalent to diffusive dynamics. The evolution of nematic order (excess of upright particles, “standing-up” transition) is an entropic effect and is mainly governed by the equilibrium solution, rendering a continuous transition [Paper I, M. Oettel et al., J. Chem. Phys. 145, 074902 (2016)]. Strong non-equilibrium effects (e.g., a noticeable dependence on the ratio of rates for translational and rotational moves) are found for attractive substrate potentials favoring lying rods. Results from the lattice and the continuum models agree qualitatively if the relevant characteristic times for diffusion, relaxation of nematic order, and deposition are matched properly. Applicability of these monolayer results to multilayer growth is discussed for a continuum-model realization in three dimensions where spherocylinders are deposited continuously onto a substrate via diffusion.
Onset of Rayleigh-Bénard convection for intermediate aspect ratio cylindrical containers
Authors: Yu Joshua , Goldfaden Adam , Flagstad Mary , Scheel Janet D.
Published: February 2017

The convection patterns that occur at and slightly above the onset of convection in cylindrical containers were determined as a function of aspect ratio, using simulations of Rayleigh-Bénard convection and linear stability analysis. The study focused primarily on aspect ratios 6≤Γ≤20, where Γ = diameter/depth, with conducting or insulating, and no-slip boundary conditions and Prandtl numbers Pr = 0.7 and 28.9. Simulations demonstrate azimuthally pure Fourier mode patterns at onset consistent with what is expected from bifurcation theory, with an m = 1 mode, for even values of Γ, and a concentric roll pattern, or m = 0 mode, for odd values of Γ. For Rayleigh numbers slightly higher than onset other pure or mixed mode patterns were found and then for even higher Rayleigh numbers, straight parallel rolls were found. A linear stability analysis was used to determine the critical Rayleigh number, Rac, and flow pattern for a large range of aspect ratios and was found to agree with the simulation results.
A novel investigation of a micropolar fluid characterized by nonlinear constitutive diffusion model in boundary layer flow and heat transfer
Authors: Sui Jize , Zhao Peng , Cheng Zhengdong , Zheng Liancun , Zhang Xinxin
Published: February 2017

The rheological and heat-conduction constitutive models of micropolar fluids (MFs), which are important non-Newtonian fluids, have been, until now, characterized by simple linear expressions, and as a consequence, the non-Newtonian performance of such fluids could not be effectively captured. Here, we establish the novel nonlinear constitutive models of a micropolar fluid and apply them to boundary layer flow and heat transfer problems. The nonlinear power law function of angular velocity is represented in the new models by employing generalized “n-diffusion theory,” which has successfully described the characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids, such as shear-thinning and shear-thickening fluids. These novel models may offer a new approach to the theoretical understanding of shear-thinning behavior and anomalous heat transfer caused by the collective micro-rotation effects in a MF with shear flow according to recent experiments. The nonlinear similarity equations with a power law form are derived and the approximate analytical solutions are obtained by the homotopy analysis method, which is in good agreement with the numerical solutions. The results indicate that non-Newtonian behaviors involving a MF depend substantially on the power exponent n and the modified material parameter K0 introduced by us. Furthermore, the relations of the engineering interest parameters, including local boundary layer thickness, local skin friction, and Nusselt number are found to be fitted by a quadratic polynomial to n with high precision, which enables the extraction of the rapid predictions from a complex nonlinear boundary-layer transport system.
15 cm−1 to 12 000 cm−1 spectral coverage without changing optics: Diamond beam splitter adaptation of an FTIR spectrometer
Authors: Strelnikov Dmitry , Kern Bastian , Sürgers Christoph , Kappes Manfred M.
Published: February 2017

In order to facilitate IR absorption measurements, we have upgraded our Bruker IFS66v/S Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. A synthetic diamond beam splitter without compensator plate and UHV diamond viewports was installed. We have also modified the IR detector chamber to allow measurements with 5 different detectors. As a result we can now obtain FT absorption spectra from 12 000 cm−1 to 15 cm−1 with the same sample held under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, simply by switching between appropriate IR detectors. We demonstrate the performance of the upgraded FTIR spectrometer by presenting measurements of matrix isolated fullerene ions and an adhesive tape.
Nanoimprint methods for the fabrication of macroscopic plasmonically active metal nanostructures
Authors: Nagel Robin D. , Filser Simon , Zhang Tianyue , Manzi Aurora , Schönleber Konrad , Lindsly James , Zimmermann Josef , Maier Thomas L. , Scarpa Giuseppe , Krischer Katharina , Lugli Paolo
Published: February 2017

In this article, we present a refined nanostructuring method, lift-off nanoimprint lithography (LO-NIL), which allows the deposition of high-quality metal nanostructures due to a bilayer resist process and compare it to nano-transfer printing (nTP), a purely additive metal printing technique. LO-NIL and nTP are used as accurate methods for the fabrication of ordered plasmonic metal nanostructure arrays on semiconducting substrates over large areas using the example of gold nanodisks on silicon. The possibility of feature size adjustment in LO-NIL during the fabrication process is especially useful for tuning plasmonic resonance peaks between the visible and the mid-infrared range as well as fine-tuning of these resonances. In UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopic measurements, a significant blueshift in the plasmonic resonance was found for nTP samples compared to the ones fabricated with the lift-off technique. It was concluded that this shift originates from a metal/substrate interface roughness resulting in a change in the dielectric properties of this layer. This finding was verified with finite difference time-domain simulations where a similar trend was found for a model with an assumed thin air gap in this interface. In cyclic voltammetry measurements under illumination, a reduced overpotential by almost 400 mV for CO2 reduction and hydrogen evolution was found for LO-NIL samples.
A compact non-differential approach for modeling laser ablation plasma dynamics
Authors: Irimiciuc S. A. , Gurlui S. , Nica P. , Focsa C. , Agop M.
Published: February 2017

Various differentiable physical models are frequently used to describe the dynamics of laser-produced plasma plumes (e.g., kinetic models, two-fluid models, etc.). Given the complexity of all the phenomena involved in the laser-matter interactions, it is required to introduce the laser ablation plasma dynamic variable dependencies both on the space-time coordinates and on the resolution scales. Therefore, an adequate theoretical approach may be the use of non-differentiable physical models (fractal models). Continuing our previous work on the fractal hydrodynamic model for laser ablation plasma dynamics, we propose here a compact version for the analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution of some plasma dynamic variables, such as velocities, currents, number densities, or temperatures. Moreover, the influence of external factors on the ablation plasma dynamics is considered. The predictions of this model are compared with the experimental data obtained by using a Langmuir probe on an Aluminum laser-produced plasma.
Simultaneous existence of defects and mesopores in nanosized ZSM-5 zeolite studied by positron annihilation and X-ray diffraction spectroscopies
Authors: Anh Tuyen L. , Quang Hung N. , Chi Cuong L. , Duy Khiem D. , Trong Phuc P. , Ly Nguyen L. , Ngoc Hue N. T. , Thi Hue P. , Van Phuc D.
Published: February 2017

Crystallization, formation, and accumulation of defects and mesopores in the ZSM-5 zeolite samples, which are synthesized from the gel composition of 1.2Na2O 0.1Al2O3 0.8 tetra-propylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) 6SiO2 400H2O at a temperature of 140 degree Celsius (°C) in 10, 15, and 18 h, are studied by using the Positron annihilation lifetime (PALS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies. The XRD is used for investigating the crystalline concentration and nano-crystal size of ZSM-5 during the crystallizing process, whereas the PALS is performed in order to determine the presence of templates, defects, and mesopores in the zeolite samples. The latter are calcined in air during 1, 2, and 3 h at a temperature of 600 °C before being measured. The results obtained indicate that there exist clusters of small crystals in the early crystalline stages of the samples. The size of these crystals increases with time and reaches approximately 100 nm after 18 h of reaction. In addition, the template (TPAOH) is found to exist not only in the channels inside the framework but also in the mesopores outside it. Finally, by analyzing the Positron lifetime spectra, we have found for the first time the simultaneous existence of defects and mesopores, which are formatted and accumulated during the crystallization of ZSM-5. Those important results contribute significantly to our understanding of the internal structure of the synthetic zeolite ZSM-5 as well as the synthetic processes for producing zeolites with special features.