bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A GIS-Based Framework to Analyze the Behavior of Urban Greenery During Heatwaves Using Satellite Data
Authors: Cardone Barbara , Di Martino Ferdinando , Mauriello Cristiano , Miraglia Vittorio
Published: October 2024

This work proposes a new unsupervised method to evaluate the behavior of urban green areas in the presence of heatwave scenarios by analyzing three indices extracted from satellite data: the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), and Land Surface Temperature (LST). The aim of this research is to analyze the behavior of urban vegetation types during heatwaves through the analysis of these three indices. To evaluate how these indices characterize urban green areas during heatwaves, an unsupervised classification method of the three indices is proposed that uses the Elbow method to determine the optimal number of classes and the Jenks classification algorithm. Each class is assigned a Gaussian fuzzy set and the green urban areas are classified using zonal statistics operators. The membership degree of the corresponding fuzzy set is calculated to assess the reliability of the classification. Finally, for each type of greenery, the frequencies of types of green areas belonging to NDVI, NDMI, and LST classes are analyzed to evaluate their behavior during heatwaves. The framework was tested in an urban area consisting of the city of Naples (Italy). The results show that some types of greenery, such as deciduous forests and olive groves, are more efficient, in terms of health status and cooling effect, than other types of urban green areas during heatwaves; they are classified with NDVI and NDMI values of mainly High and Medium High, and maximum LST values of Medium Low. Conversely, uncultivated areas show critical behaviors during heatwaves; they are classified with maximum NDVI and NDMI values of Medium Low and maximum LST values of Medium High. The research results represent a support to urban planners and local municipalities in designing effective strategies and nature-based solutions to deal with heat waves in urban settlements.
Translational Research on Azacitidine Post-Remission Therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Elderly Patients (QOL-ONE Trans-2)
Authors: Oliva Esther Natalie , Cuzzola Maria , Porta Matteo Della , Candoni Anna , Salutari Prassede , Palumbo Giuseppe A. , Reda Gianluigi , Iannì Giuseppe , Zampini Matteo , D’Amico Saverio , Tripepi Giovanni , Capelli Debora , Alati Caterina , Cannatà Maria Concetta , Niscola Pasquale , Serio Bianca , Barillà Santina , Musto Pellegrino , Vigna Ernesto , Melillo Lorella Maria Antonia , Tripepi Rocco , Zannier Maria Elena , Nannya Yasuhito , Ogawa Seishi , Mammì Corrado
Published: October 2024

The achievement of complete remission (CR) is crucial for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients undertaking curative therapy, but relapse often occurs within months, highlighting the need for strategies to prolong disease-free survival (DFS). Our phase III study compared the efficacy and safety of azacitidine (AZA) to best supportive care (BSC) in elderly AML patients who achieved CR following intensive induction and consolidation therapy. This ancillary study (QOL-ONE Trans-2) evaluated biological changes in bone marrow using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). We analyzed baseline, randomization, and 6-month post-remission samples from 24 patients (median age of 71 and 12 males). High-throughput NGS targeted 350 myeloid malignancy-related genes, considering variants with a variant allele frequency ≥ 4%. At diagnosis, all patients had 5 to 17 (median = 10) mutations, with DNMT3A (42%), NPM1 (33%), and TET2 (33%) being most frequent. FANCA mutations in four patients were linked to a higher relapse risk (HR = 4.96, p = 0.02) for DFS at both 2 and 5 years. Further HLA-specific NGS analyses are ongoing to confirm these results and their therapeutic implications.
Neurotensin and Its Involvement in Female Hormone-Sensitive Cancers
Authors: Bertrand Ninon , Mougel Romane , Riley George , Bruand Marie , Gauchotte Guillaume , Agopiantz Mikaël
Published: October 2024

Neurotensin (NT) is a peptide involved in digestion, neuromodulation, and cancer progression. NT and its receptors (NTR1 and SORT1 mainly) have been widely studied in oncology. Data show that NT expression is under the control of sex steroid hormones, in particular estradiol. We focused on its involvement in three main female hormone-sensitive cancers, breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer, in a narrative review. NT, NTR1, and SORT1 are mostly expressed in these three cancers, and their involvement in oncologic processes such as proliferation and invasion seems to match, as does their impact on prognosis for most. The development of NT receptor-targeted therapies, including theranostics and radioligand treatments, presents a promising avenue for personalized cancer treatment.
Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Patterns of the DBB Transcription Factor Family Genes in Wheat
Authors: Wang Yalin , Qin Huimin , Ni Jinlan , Yang Tingzhi , Lv Xinru , Ren Kangzhen , Xu Xinyi , Yang Chuangyi , Dai Xuehuan , Zeng Jianbin , Liu Wenxing , Xu Dengan , Ma Wujun
Published: October 2024

Double B-box (DBB) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that play crucial roles in plant growth and stress responses. This study investigated the classification, structure, conserved motifs, chromosomal locations, cis-elements, duplication events, expression levels, and protein interaction network of the DBB TF family genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In all, twenty-seven wheat DBB genes (TaDBBs) with two conserved B-box domains were identified and classified into six subgroups based on sequence features. A collinearity analysis of the DBB family genes among wheat, Arabidopsis, and rice revealed some duplicated gene pairs and highly conserved genes in wheat. An expression pattern analysis indicated that wheat TaDBBs were involved in plant growth, responses to drought stress, light/dark, and abscisic acid treatment. A large number of cis-acting regulatory elements related to light response are enriched in the predicted promoter regions of 27 TaDBBs. Furthermore, some of TaDBBs can interact with COP1 or HY5 based on the STRING database prediction and yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay, indicating the potential key roles of TaDBBs in the light signaling pathway. Conclusively, our study revealed the potential functions and regulatory mechanisms of TaDBBs in plant growth and development under drought stress, light, and abscisic acid.
Influence of Maternal Adipokines on Anthropometry, Adiposity, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of the Offspring
Authors: Valencia-Ortega Jorge , Castillo-Santos Andrea , Molerés-Orduña Miranda , Solis-Paredes Juan Mario , Saucedo Renata , Estrada-Gutierrez Guadalupe , Camacho-Arroyo Ignacio
Published: October 2024

Pregnancy is distinguished by a multitude of intricate interactions between the mother and the new individual, commencing at implantation and persisting until the maturation and integration of the fetal apparatus and systems. The physiological increase in fat mass during pregnancy and the association of maternal obesity with adverse neonatal outcomes have directed attention to the study of maternal adipokines as participants in fetal development. Interestingly, maternal concentrations of certain adipokines such as adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 have been found to be associated with offspring anthropometry and adiposity at birth and at three months of age, even with neurodevelopmental alterations later in life. This is partly explained by the functions of these adipokines in the regulation of maternal metabolism and placental nutrient transport. This review compiles, organizes, and analyzes the most relevant studies on the association between maternal adipokines with anthropometry, adiposity, and neurodevelopmental outcomes of the offspring. Furthermore, it proposes the underlying mechanisms involved in this association.
1-Piperidine Propionic Acid Protects from Septic Shock Through Protease Receptor 2 Inhibition
Authors: Luisetto Roberto , Scarpa Marco , Villano Gianmarco , Martini Andrea , Quarta Santina , Ruvoletto Mariagrazia , Guerra Pietro , Scarpa Melania , Chinellato Monica , Biasiolo Alessandra , Campigotto Edoardo , Basso Daniela , Fassan Matteo , Pontisso Patrizia
Published: October 2024

Sepsis is a complex disorder caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, with high levels of morbidity and mortality. Treatment aimed to modulate immune response and maintain vascular function is still one of the major clinical challenges. This study was designed to test the effect of the small molecule 1-Piperidine Propionic Acid (1-PPA) as molecular targeted agent to block protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), one of the major modulators of inflammatory response in LPS-induced experimental endotoxemia. In the THP-1 cell line, LPS-induced cytokine expression was inhibited by 1-PPA in a dose-dependent manner. In LPS-injected mice, treatment with 1-PPA was effective in reducing mortality and sepsis-related symptoms and improved cardiac function parameters. After 6 h from LPS injection, a significant decrease in IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 was observed in the lung tissue of 1-PPA-treated mice, compared to controls. In these mice, a significant decrease in vasoactive molecules, especially kininogen-1, was also observed, mainly in the liver. Histopathological analysis confirmed typical features of sepsis in different organs and these findings were markedly reduced in mice treated with 1-PPA. These data demonstrate the effectiveness of 1-PPA in protecting the whole organism from sepsis-induced damage.
Protein Kinase C Isozyme Immaturity/Deficiency in Cord Blood Monocytes and Neutrophils
Authors: Perveen Khalida , Ferrante Antonio
Published: October 2024

Reduced/deficient expression of Protein Kinase C (PKC)ζ in Cord blood (CB) T cells is associated with allergy development in children and a propensity to maintain an immature T-helper (Th)2 cytokine profile. In addition, other PKC isozymes are also low in CBTCs. Since previous studies have reported that cord blood/neonatal monocyte and neutrophil functions are significantly lower than cells from adults, it was of interest to see if the CBTC PKC levels were reflected in CB monocytes and neutrophils. Compared to adult blood, CB expresses low levels of PKCα, β2, ε, θ, μ, ζ and λ/ι in monocytes and PKCα, β2, η, θ, μ, ζ and λ/ι in neutrophils. The T-cell PKCζ levels were positively correlated with levels in CB monocytes but not in neutrophils. However, neither the monocytes nor the neutrophil PKCζ were associated with T-cell development towards a Th1 or Th2 cytokine propensity, based on the production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 in response to phytohemagglutinin and phorbol myristate acetate. The results demonstrate that some newborn babies display a deficiency in PKC isozymes in monocytes and neutrophils, as reported for T cells. However, unlike T cells, the PKCζ levels of the phagocytes did not correlate with regulation of development towards a Th1 or Th2 cytokine phenotype.
Psoriasis and Seasonality: Exploring the Genetic and Epigenetic Interactions
Authors: Niedźwiedź Michał , Skibińska Małgorzata , Ciążyńska Magdalena , Noweta Marcin , Czerwińska Agnieszka , Krzyścin Janusz , Narbutt Joanna , Lesiak Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

Psoriasis is a multifactorial, chronic, and inflammatory disease that severely impacts patients’ quality of life. The disease is caused by genetic irregularities affected by epigenetic and environmental factors. Some of these factors may include seasonal changes, such as solar radiation, air pollution, and humidity, and changes in circadian rhythm, especially in the temporal and polar zones. Thus, some psoriasis patients report seasonal variability of symptoms. Through a comprehensive review, we aim to delve deeper into the intricate interplay between seasonality, environmental factors, and the genetic and epigenetic landscape of psoriasis. By elucidating these complex relationships, we strive to provide insights that may inform targeted interventions and personalized management strategies for individuals living with psoriasis.
Reply to Geoffrion, D.; Harissi-Dagher, M. Comment on “Wróblewska-Czajka et al. Outcomes of Boston Keratoprosthesis Type I Implantation in Poland: A Retrospective Study on 118 Patients. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 975”
Authors: Wróblewska-Czajka Ewa , Dobrowolski Dariusz , Jurkunas Ula V. , Wylęgała Edward , Wylęgała Adam
Published: October 2024

Thank you for your thoughtful and insightful commentary on our paper, “Outcomes of Boston Keratoprosthesis Type I Implantation in Poland: A Retrospective Study on 118 Patients” [...]
Changing Epidemiology and Outcomes of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children: A Prospective National Cohort Study from the Polish Pediatric HUS Registry and the Polish Registry of Renal Replacement Therapy in Children
Authors: Zagożdżon Ilona , Szczepańska Maria , Leszczyńska Beata , Jarmużek Wioleta , Miklaszewska Monika , Tkaczyk Marcin , Medyńska Anna , Wieczorkiewicz-Płaza Anna , Zachwieja Jacek , Protas Piotr , Rosińska Paulina , Jacher Urszula , Trembecka-Dubel Elżbieta , Zwolińska Danuta , Żurowska Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a known cause of acute kidney injury in children, but there are few recent reports on its epidemiology and outcome. We aimed to investigate trends in the incidence and the long-term outcomes of both Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli -HUS (STEC-HUS) and atypical HUS (aHUS) in Poland over the last 12 years (2012—2023), based on the Polish Pediatric HUS and Pediatric Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) Registries. Methods: A total of 436 patients (301 with STEC-HUS and 135 with aHUS) were included. Results: The incidence of STEC-HUS increased during the observation period, with a mean of 3.9 cases per million age-related population (marp). The incidence of aHUS was relatively constant with a mean of 1.8/marp. The majority of patients fully recovered, although kidney sequelae were observed at 5-year follow-ups in 31% of children with STEC-HUS, 57% of aHUS subjects in the pre-eculizumab era, and 37% of aHUS subjects who had received eculizumab. The overall mortality rate was 2% for STEC-HUS and 3.7% for aHUS, with no deaths reported in children on eculizumab and mortality mainly attributed to neurological damage. A decreasing incidence of chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD5) due to HUS was observed. Conclusions: Despite an unchanging incidence of aHUS and an increasing incidence of STEC-HUS, the kidney outcomes of both diseases have improved significantly over the last 12 years. Mortality from HUS has dropped due to improved symptomatic treatment and the introduction of anti-C5 therapy. The development of CKD5 in childhood as a consequence of HUS has become exceptional.
Aortic Stent Graft Treatment in a Medium-Size Aortic Center Performed by a Cardiac Surgeon Only—The 9 Years Experience in Poland
Authors: Burysz Marian , Batko Jakub , Greberski Krzysztof , Słomka Artur , Litwinowicz Radosław
Published: October 2024

Background: The incidence of thoracic aortic aneurysms is estimated at 3.0–8.3/100,000 persons per year. There is a lack of reports in the literature on the outcomes of small- and medium-sized thoracic endovascular aortic repairs. The aim of this study is to present the results of thoracic endovascular aortic repairs at a single medium-sized center performed exclusively by a cardiac surgeon. Methods: Ninety patients who had undergone aortic stent graft implantations for the treatment of thoracic aortic anomalies were comprehensively, retrospectively evaluated. The detailed preoperative, surgical, and postoperative parameters of the patients, including the survival rate up to five years, were recorded and further analyzed. Results: The patients’ Euroscores were four (2.1–9). The 30-day mortality rate was 8.9%, the 1-year mortality rate was 15.6%, and the 5-year mortality rate was 38.9% for all causes. Postoperative complications were observed in 10% of the patients. Statistically significant differences were observed between the urgency of surgery at 30 days and survival at one year, but not at five years. The most common complications were related to respiratory (4.4%), renal (3.3%), and neurological (3.3%) dysfunction. Conclusions: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair can be safely performed in small- and medium-sized centers with optimal long-term results.
Corneal Artificial Endothelial Layer (EndoArt): Literature Review and Our Experience
Authors: Romano Davide , Ventura Mariacarmela , Vaccaro Sabrina , Forbice Eliana , Hau Scott , Semeraro Francesco , Romano Vito
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the morphological corneal changes and outcomes following the implantation of an artificial endothelial layer (EndoArt) in patients with chronic corneal oedema. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted alongside a detailed analysis of two clinical cases with chronic corneal oedema that were treated using EndoArt. Our experience with these two cases is included to provide practical insights and real-world outcomes. Results: Across the 24 cases reported (including the two presented here), an analysis was possible in 23 cases. Notably, 82% of patients had undergone at least one previous corneal transplant, with 39% having undergone three or more transplants. Additionally, 78% of cases had ocular comorbidities, with glaucoma surgery being the most prevalent (83%), which could have impacted visual outcomes. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 17 months with a median of 3 months. After EndoArt implantation, the average reduction in the central corneal thickness (CCT) was 29%, and the rebubbling rate was 47.8%, with some cases requiring no rebubbling, while others required it up to 100% of the time. Visual acuity significantly improved from a mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) value of 1.61 ± 0.5 logMAR to 1.07 ± 0.59 logMAR (p < 0.001). The CCT decreased from 771 ± 146 µm to 580 ± 134 µm (p < 0.001). These findings are consistent with our experience. Conclusions: EndoArt shows promise as an alternative treatment for chronic corneal oedema in complex cases where conventional corneal transplantation has failed or carries a high risk of failure. The morphological changes observed using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) were similar to those reported after endothelial keratoplasty, with the notable exception of the absence of the hyper-reflective donor–host interface.
The Paradox of Physical Activity and Coronary Artery Calcification: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Sung Da-Eun , Sung Ki-Chul
Published: October 2024

The introduction of CT scans and the subsequent Agatston score in the 1990s drastically improved our ability to detect coronary artery calcification (CAC). This led to its incorporation into cardiovascular risk assessment guidelines set forth by organizations such as the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC). Over time, these guidelines have evolved significantly, reflecting an increasing understanding of CAC. Physical activity has become a key factor in the management of cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between physical activity and CAC remains complex. Although physical activity is generally beneficial for cardiovascular health, paradoxically, high levels of physical activity have been associated with elevated CAC scores. However, these higher CAC levels may indicate the presence of more stable, calcified plaques that provide protection against plaque rupture. These contradictory findings call for balanced interpretations that acknowledge the cardiovascular benefits of physical activity. This review examines the historical development of clinical guidelines for CAC, the paradoxical relationship between physical activity and CAC, and potential underlying mechanisms. It emphasizes the need for future research to utilize objective measures and consistent methodologies to better understand the relationship between physical activity and CAC.
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Courses of Trauma-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hwang Suyeong , Kim Gun Woo , Cho Sung Hoon , Lim Kyoung Hoon
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), defined by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and organ injury, is not widely recognized as being trauma-related. This study aimed to describe the clinical features and outcomes of trauma-induced TMA (t-TMA) to assist in early diagnosis and management. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 30 trauma patients diagnosed with t-TMA between 2014 and 2019. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, as well as treatment methods, were analyzed. Results: Thrombocytopenia (<50,000/µL) occurred, on average, 2.9 days post-trauma, with diagnosis following 3.6 days later. Patients had a mean age of 67.6 years, and 63.3% were male. Clinical presentations included acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (86.7%), altered mental status (53.3%), non-infectious fever (50%), and digital necrosis (43.3%). Eighteen patients were treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) alone, nine with TPE and methylprednisolone, and three with methylprednisolone alone. Remission was achieved in 96.7% of all cases. The mean TPE duration was 6.1 days, prolonged by prior platelet transfusions. The mortality rate was 26.7% (8/30), with sepsis being the most common cause of death (five patients), particularly for those treated with TPE and methylprednisolone. Conclusions: Trauma-induced TMA should be suspected in trauma patients presenting with unexplained thrombocytopenia, AKI, and elevated LDH. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial, while unnecessary platelet transfusions should be avoided. Careful infection management is critical to improving patient outcomes, particularly if patients are treated with TPE and methylprednisolone.
Multichannel Sensor Array Design for Minimizing Detector Complexity and Power Consumption in Ionoacoustic Proton Beam Tomography
Authors: Vallicelli Elia Arturo , Ferrara Alessandro Michele , Marrale Maurizio , Tambaro Mattia , De Matteis Marcello
Published: October 2024

Ionoacoustic tomography exploits the acoustic signal generated by the fast energy deposition along the path of pulsed particle beams to reconstruct with sub-mm precision the dose deposition, with promising envisioned applications in hadron therapy treatment monitoring. State-of-the-art ionoacoustic detectors mainly rely on single-channel sensors and time-of-flight measurements to provide 1D localization of the maximum dose deposition at the so-called Bragg peak. This work investigates the design challenges of multichannel sensors for ionoacoustic tomography in terms of their ability to accurately reconstruct the dose deposition of a 200 MeV clinical proton beam, highlighting the impact of the number of channels in the array and their directivity. A complete acoustic model of the sensors and environment has been developed and used to find an optimum tradeoff between accuracy, evaluated numerically through the gamma index, and hardware complexity due to higher channel numbers, thus minimizing the system-level power consumption of the detector.
Control of Helminth Infections in Captive Herbivores: An Overview of Experience
Authors: Panayotova-Pencheva Mariana S.
Published: October 2024

There are numerous challenges associated with helminth control in captive animals. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of the research on deworming of captive herbivorous mammals, the associated problems and the solutions sought, in order to derive recommendations for practice in the relevant institutions. The research was conducted by searching electronic internet databases and following the bibliographies in the published articles. The articles found are presented in summarized form. Most of the results relate to herbivores of the family Bovidae, followed by the families Cervidae, Equidae, Elephantidae, Camelidae and Giraffidae. Systematic data are presented on the types of anthelmintics used, dosages and application regimens for different animal species. Anthelmintics were administered at doses similar to or even higher than those used in farm animals, with no evidence of side effects. Treatment results often depended on the animal and parasite species. Incomplete cure, reinfection, and resistance to anthelmintics were the most common problems in the field. Based on the literature reviewed, the optimal prevention measures include the following: quarantine of newly arrived animals; daily or as intensive as possible cleaning of droppings; regular change of substrate in the enclosures; and monitoring of possible infections and their qualitative and quantitative composition (monthly or at least every two months). For treatments and monitoring effectiveness, recommendations include the following: individual assessment of the need for treatment; selective choice of anthelmintics; post-treatment examination between the 10th and 14th day after deworming; carrying out a group treatment after a preliminary drug effect test; conducting mass deworming only in case of a significant increase in fecal egg counts, highly pathogenic helminth species and a deterioration in the condition of the animals. In the future, more attention should be paid to new approaches such as biological control by saprophytic fungi or natural compounds as an alternative to anthelmintics. This would help minimize the use of anthelmintics, protect refugia and allow animals to remain healthy by maintaining a balance with the low levels of parasites present.
Strategies for the Regeneration of Rural Settlements Facing Depopulation: Analysis Methodology and Case Studies
Authors: Mileto Camilla , Vegas López-Manzanares Fernando
Published: October 2024

Based on the analysis of bibliographical sources, official governance documents, expert interviews and fieldwork on the phenomenon of depopulation in the United Kingdom, this text identifies the different geographical, historical, economic and political factors influencing different fields, including territory, agriculture, urbanism, rural settlements, traditional architecture, population and society. The set of factors and fields of action was recorded in a multifactor matrix that enabled the analysis of cases applied in the United Kingdom to identify strategies and actions aimed at guaranteeing the conservation of vernacular settlements and architecture. The study was subsequently expanded with detailed research in four areas: the regions of the Cotswolds (Oxfordshire) and Cornwall in England, Mid West Wales and the Isle of Skye in Scotland. The aim of this study, applied to the case of the United Kingdom, is to extract guidelines, strategies and actions that can be applied to other contexts where tangible and intangible vernacular heritage is to be safeguarded.
Research on Spatial Morphological Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Industrial Heritage: A Case Study of Nine Industrial Heritages in Guizhou Province
Authors: Zhang Boyang , Fan Jinyu , Huang Zongsheng
Published: October 2024

Industrial heritage, recognized as a significant aspect of historical and cultural heritage, has garnered considerable attention from scholars globally. To elucidate the spatial morphological characteristics and the underlying influencing factors of industrial heritage within karst regions, this study employs methods such as the interstice index, fractal dimension analysis, and spatial syntax. It conducts research on the spatial morphological characteristics of nine typical industrial heritages in Guizhou Province. The primary factors contributing to the variations in layout forms are the intricate karst topography and the functional requirements of production. The functional zoning of industrial heritage aligns with its layout, characterized by straightforward functional zones that have not developed into composite spaces. The overall connectivity of industrial heritage is relatively low, exhibiting weak integration, significant disparities in control values, low average depth values, and a deficiency in comprehensibility and diversity of options. This indicates that the internal connectivity of industrial heritage spaces is generally inadequate, with low accessibility, strong interrelations, average convenience, limited connectivity, and generally acceptable passage. The overall spatial, architectural, and roadway configurations of industrial heritage predominantly exhibit a uniform pattern. Importantly, industrial heritage reveals a highly variable overall spatial form, with an average fractal dimension of 1.57, complex architectural layouts (average fractal dimension of 1.50), and simplistic road network designs (average fractal dimension of 1.43), which collectively suggest high spatial complexity and irregular characteristics. This study can provide a reference for the analysis of spatial characteristics and influencing factors of other material cultural heritages, and it is of great significance for the systematic protection and revitalization of industrial heritage.
Quantitative Standardized Expansion Assay: An Artificial Intelligence-Powered Morphometric Description of Blastocyst Expansion and Zona Thinning Dynamics
Authors: Cimadomo Danilo , Trio Samuele , Canosi Tamara , Innocenti Federica , Saturno Gaia , Taggi Marilena , Soscia Daria Maria , Albricci Laura , Kantor Ben , Dvorkin Michael , Svensson Anna , Huang Thomas , Vaiarelli Alberto , Gennarelli Gianluca , Rienzi Laura
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence applied to time-lapse microscopy may revolutionize embryo selection in IVF by automating data collection and standardizing the assessments. In this context, blastocyst expansion dynamics, although being associated with reproductive fitness, have been poorly studied. This retrospective study (N = 2184 blastocysts from 786 cycles) exploited both technologies to picture the association between embryo and inner-cell-mass (ICM) area in µm2, the ICM/Trophectoderm ratio, and the zona pellucida thickness in µm (zp-T) at sequential blastocyst expansion stages, with (i) euploidy and (ii) live-birth per transfer (N = 548 transfers). A quantitative-standardized-expansion-assay (qSEA) was also set-up; a novel approach involving automatic annotations of all expansion metrics every 30 min across 5 h following blastulation. Multivariate regressions and ROC curve analyses were conducted. Aneuploid blastocysts were slower, expanded less and showed thicker zp. The qSEA outlined faster and more consistent zp thinning processes among euploid blastocysts, being more or as effective as the embryologists in ranking euploid embryo as top-quality of their cohorts in 69% of the cases. The qSEA also outlined faster and more consistent blastocyst expansion and zp thinning dynamics among euploid implanted versus not implanted blastocysts, disagreeing with embryologists’ priority choice in about 50% of the cases. In conclusion, qSEA is a promising objective, quantitative, and user-friendly strategy to predict embryo competence that now deserves prospective validations.
In Search of the Role of Three-Finger Starfish Proteins
Authors: Lyukmanova Ekaterina N. , Bychkov Maxim L. , Chernikov Andrei M. , Kukushkin Ilya D. , Kulbatskii Dmitrii S. , Shabelnikov Sergey V. , Shulepko Mikhail A. , Zhao Ran , Guo Wenxiao , Kirpichnikov Mikhail P. , Shenkarev Zakhar O. , Paramonov Alexander S.
Published: October 2024

Three-finger proteins (TFPs), or Ly6/uPAR proteins, are characterized by the beta-structural LU domain containing three protruding “fingers” and stabilized by four conserved disulfide bonds. TFPs were initially characterized as snake alpha-neurotoxins, but later many studies showed their regulatory roles in different organisms. Despite a known expression of TFPs in vertebrates, they are poorly studied in other taxa. The presence of TFPs in starfish was previously shown, but their targets and functional role still remain unknown. Here, we analyzed expression, target, and possible function of the Lystar5 protein from the Asterias rubens starfish using bioinformatics, qPCR, and immunoassay. First, the presence of Lystar5 homologues in all classes of echinoderms was demonstrated. qPCR revealed that mRNA of Lystar5 and LyAr2 are expressed mainly in coelomocytes and coelomic epithelium of Asterias, while mRNA of other TFPs, LyAr3, LyAr4, and LyAr5, were also found in a starfish body wall. Using anti-Lystar5 serum from mice immunized by a recombinant Lystar5, we confirmed that this protein is expressed on the surface of coelomocytes and coelomic epithelium cells. According to ELISA, a recombinant analogue of Lystar5 bound to the membrane fraction of coelomocytes and coelomic epithelium but not to the body wall or starfish arm tip. Analysis by LC-MALDI MS/MS suggested integrin α-8-like protein expressed in the coelomocytes and coelomic epithelium as a target of Lystar5. Thus, our insights propose the important role of TFPs in regulation of starfish physiology and show prospects for their further research.
Copper Catalysts Anchored on Cysteine-Functionalized Polydopamine-Coated Magnetite Particles: A Versatile Platform for Enhanced Coupling Reactions
Authors: Jo Yu-Jeong , Park Seung-Woo , Shin Ueon Sang , Kim Seung-Hoi
Published: October 2024

Cysteine plays a crucial role in the development of an efficient copper-catalyst system, where its thiol group serves as a strong anchoring site for metal coordination. By immobilizing copper onto cysteine-modified, polydopamine-coated magnetite particles, this advanced catalytic platform exhibits exceptional stability and catalytic activity. Chemical modification of the polydopamine (PDA) surface with cysteine enhances copper salt immobilization, leading to the formation of the Fe3O4@PDA-Cys@Cu platform. This system was evaluated in palladium-free, copper-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions, effectively catalyzing the coupling of terminal acetylenes with aryl halides. Additionally, the Fe3O4@PDA-Cys@Cu platform was employed in click reactions, confirming the enhanced catalytic efficiency due to increased copper content. The reusability of the platform was further investigated, demonstrating improved performance, especially in recyclability tests in click reaction, making it a promising candidate for sustainable heterogeneous catalysis.
Multi-Phase Adaptive Recoding: An Analogue of Partial Retransmission in Batched Network Coding
Authors: Yin Hoover H. F. , Tahernia Mehrdad , Mak Hugo Wai Leung
Published: October 2024

Batched network coding (BNC) is a practical realization of random linear network coding (RLNC) designed for reliable network transmission in multi-hop networks with packet loss. By grouping coded packets into batches and restricting the use of RLNC within the same batch, BNC resolves the issue of RLNC that has high computational and storage costs at the intermediate nodes. A simple and common way to apply BNC is to fire and forget the recoded packets at the intermediate nodes, as BNC can act as an erasure code for data recovery. Due to the finiteness of batch size, the recoding strategy is a critical design that affects the throughput, the storage requirements, and the computational cost of BNC. The gain of the recoding strategy can be enhanced with the aid of a feedback mechanism, however the utilization and development of this mechanism is not yet standardized. In this paper, we investigate a multi-phase recoding mechanism for BNC. In each phase, recoding depends on the amount of innovative information remained at the current node after the transmission of the previous phases was completed. Relevant information can be obtained via hop-by-hop feedback; then, a more precise recoding scheme that allocates networking resources can be established. Unlike hop-by-hop retransmission schemes, the reception status of individual packets does not need to be known and packets to be sent in the next phase may not be the lost packets in the previous phase. Further, due to the loss-tolerance feature of BNC, it is unnecessary to pass all innovative information to the next node. This study illustrates that multi-phase recoding can significantly boost the throughput and reduce the decoding time as compared with the traditional single-phase recoding approach This opens a new window in developing better strategies for designing BNC rather than sending more batches in a blind manner.
Enhancing Effects of Olaparib by Alpha- and Beta-Emitting Radionuclides, X-Rays, and Ultraviolet A Light in Combination with Ortho-IodoHoechst in a Prostate Cancer Cell Model
Authors: Luna Mass Andrea C. , Runge Roswitha , Wetzig Kerstin , Huebinger Lisa , Brogsitter Claudia , Kotzerke Joerg
Published: October 2024

Background: New therapeutic strategies for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have been developed in the past to achieve the best response rates. Most recently, the use of combination therapies has been explored to optimize patient outcomes. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) may help to treat mCRPC more effectively. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether the combination of a PARPi with different radiation qualities results in different levels of radiosensitization of PC-3 cells. Methods: The radiosensitizing potential of Olaparib in combination with 177Lu, 223Ra, X-rays and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the UVA light-activated photosensitizer ortho-iodoHoechst33258 (oIH) was evaluated by determining the clonogenic survival, DNA damage and cell cycle analysis. Results: Here, we show that this combination strategy differentially sensitized PC-3 cells to different radiation qualities. The combination of 177Lu with Olaparib increased the numbers of persistent double-strand breaks (DSBs) by a factor of 3.3 and cell death in PC-3 cells. Overall, the β-emitter 177Lu indicated a higher radiosensitization efficacy compared to 223Ra, with X-rays corresponding to dose modification factors (DMF) of 1.77, 1.17 and 1.16 respectively. Even in the case of the α-emitter 223Ra, the effects were much less pronounced than for 177Lu. PARPi also showed a slight potentiation of the cytotoxic effects both in co-treatment with X-rays and with PDT. Conclusions: The results of our study indicate a potential role for Olaparib in further optimizing the PSMA radioligand therapy (PRLT) outcomes. However, further evaluation of the combination of PARPi with PRLT is needed to gain more insights into improving the benefit to patients suffering from mCRPC.
Phenological and Fungal Interactions of Malesherbia auristipulata Ricardi (Passifloraceae) in the Atacama Desert: Adaptations and Conservation in an Extreme Ecosystem
Authors: Sepúlveda Chavera German F. , Belmonte Schwarzbaum Eliana , Valderrama Saez Nicolas , Arismendi Macuer Mabel , Huanca-Mamani Wilson
Published: October 2024

Malesherbia auristipulata is an endemic plant species of the Atacama Desert, with unique morphological and physiological adaptations. This research was conducted at Cuesta El Águila, Arica and Parinacota Region, Chile. Adult and juvenile plants were monitored, recording their growth, flowering, and fruiting phases. Additionally, plant community species were identified. For the study of endophytic mycoflora, samples of seeds, roots, stems, and leaves were collected, disinfected, and cultivated in specific media. The isolated fungi were analyzed morphologically and molecularly, determining their distribution in different plant organs. The diversity of endophytic fungi associated with M. auristipulata and the associated fungal community was determined. The presence of endophytic fungi varied depending on the organ studied, suggesting dynamic interactions in the structure of its fungal community. Among the identified endophytic fungi, Alternaria sorghi, A. alstroemeriae, and Fusarium nurragi stand out for their presence in the root and stem of the plant. Of particular interest is the presence of F. circinatum in the leaves. This study provides valuable information for the conservation of M. auristipulata and other organisms in the Atacama Desert, highlighting the importance of ecological interactions in the resilience of plants to extreme environmental conditions.
Can Chitosan Be Depolymerized by Thermal Shock?
Authors: Gomes Ana C. S. , Gasparrini Lázaro J. , Burin Glaucia R. M. , Alves Helton J.
Published: October 2024

Chitosan is a biopolymer with a wide range of applications. It typically requires depolymerization to achieve a desired molecular weight for specific uses. This study investigated the potential for depolymerizing chitosan by thermal shock and grinding to produce nanochitosan. A series of thermal shock cycles combined with grinding were performed to assess the influence of drying temperature, residence time, and number of thermal cycles on the molecular weight, particle size, and crystallinity of chitosan. The thermal shock reduced the molecular weight and particle size of chitosan within the first hour of treatment, with optimal conditions achieved at a drying temperature of 90 °C and residence time inside the oven of 5 min. These conditions resulted in a molecular weight of 15.0 kDa with an average diameter of 136 nm. Thermal shock can be considered an effective method for chitosan depolymerization with grinding serving to standardize the particle size. This optimized process offers promising applications where low-molecular-weight chitosan is required, including biomedical, agricultural, and food industries, as well as the potential for reducing time and energy consumption.
(Safe) Water as the Condition for Sustainable Development in Light of the Climate Crisis: An Eastern Orthodox Reflection
Authors: Asproulis Nikolaos
Published: October 2024

After reflecting on the issue of (safe) water in the context of SDG 6 with the support of the most recent scientific data, the present study provides clear theological reasoning based on insights developed within the Eastern Orthodox tradition, such as ontological interconnectedness, deep incarnation, and cosmic liturgy towards an eco-ethos which can contribute to sustainable environmental development.
Digitized Seedbed Soil Quality Assessment from Worn and Edge Hardened Cultivator Sweeps
Authors: Noh Jong-Myung , Liu Lijie , Tekeste Mehari Z. , Li Qing , Hatfield Jerry , Eisenmann David
Published: October 2024

Tillage tools for seedbed soil management are often subjected to low stress abrasion wear, which could negatively affect seedbed quality and crop productivity. Limited studies exist that quantify the effects of worn tillage tools on seedbed quality and crop yield. This research investigated the influence of tillage tool wear on seedbed preparation by evaluating the effect of cultivator sweep wear on soil tilth utilizing a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor. The framework consists of a seedbed tillage field experiment using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experiment in six replicates of two-tillage treatments (new and worn cultivator sweeps). After seedbed tillage, loosely tilled soil aggregates were removed to expose the seedbed soil profile, and then seedbed roughness statistical measures were estimated from LiDAR-scanned seedbed soil surface. Three statistical analyses (Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS), and Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD)) were compared to quantitatively evaluate the soil roughness estimated from the LiDAR seedbed surface data. Seedbed prepared by new and worn cultivator sweeps showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in soil roughness variables of standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and kurtosis. Data analysis from the ANOVA and KS methods revealed that LiDAR-extracted soil roughness patterns were statistically influenced by tillage treatment. EMD analysis detected noticeable disparities between the tillage treatments and new versus worn cultivator sweeps. This study concludes that tillage tool wear substantively affects seedbed quality, as evidenced by LiDAR soil profile estimated attributes of soil roughness and three statistical methods (ANOVA, KS, and EMD). Our study supports the adoption of LiDAR technology for seedbed management, highlighting its applicability to evaluate seedbed quality that accounts for the wear life cycle of cultivator sweeps.
A New Deep Learning Methodology for Alarm Supervision in Marine Power Stations
Authors: Orosa José A. , Cao-Feijóo Genaro , Pérez-Castelo Francisco J. , Pérez-Canosa José M.
Published: October 2024

Marine engineering officers operate and maintain the ship’s machinery during normal navigation. Most accidents on board are related to human factors which, at the same time, are associated with the workload of the crew members and the working environment. The number of alarms is so high that, most of the time, instead of helping to prevent accidents, it causes more stress for crew members, which can result in accidents. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are being employed in the recognition of images, which depends on the quality of the images, the image recognition algorithm, and the very complex configuration of the neural network. This research study aims to develop a user-friendly image recognition tool that may act as a visual sensor of alarms adjusted to the particular needs of the ship operator. To achieve this, a marine engineering simulator was employed to develop an image recognition tool that advises marine engineering officers when they are conducting their maintenance activities, with the aim to reduce their stress as a work risk prevention tool. Results showed adequate accuracy for three-layer Convolutional Neural Networks and balanced data, and the use of external cameras stands out for user-friendly applications.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-Assisted Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN)-Based 6G Communications: A Contemporary Survey
Authors: Worka Chika E. , Khan Faheem A. , Ahmed Qasim Zeeshan , Sureephong Pradorn , Alade Temitope
Published: October 2024

This article examines the transformative potential of integrating reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) into sixth-generation (6G) wireless non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). The focus is on the RIS’s capability to address diverse user requirements, including secure data transmission, power efficiency, extended coverage, and enhanced data rates. The paper delves into the synergy between RISs and NTNs, emphasizing key components like multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems and advanced radio communications. Additionally, it highlights the crucial role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in optimizing RIS-based beamforming to solve scientific and engineering challenges while ensuring energy efficiency and sustainability in NTN operations. By positioning RISs as a key enabler in shaping the future of wireless communication systems, this research underscores their significance in unlocking the full potential of NTNs and advancing next-generation wireless communications. This paper contributes valuable insights and projections for future research directions, highlighting RISs’ potential to revolutionize NTNs for 6G technologies.