bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absorption-Dominant mmWave EMI Shielding Films with Ultralow Reflection using Ferromagnetic Resonance Frequency Tunable M-Type Ferrites
Authors: Lee Horim , Ryu Seung Han , Kwon Suk Jin , Choi Jae Ryung , Lee Sang-bok , Park Byeongjin
Published: March 2023

Although there is a high demand for absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials for 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies, most current shielding materials are based on reflection-dominant conductive materials. While there are few absorption-dominant shielding materials proposed with magnetic materials, their working frequencies are usually limited to under 30 GHz. In this study, a novel multi-band absorption-dominant EMI shielding film with M-type strontium ferrites and a conductive grid is proposed. This film shows ultralow EMI reflection of less than 5% in multiple mmWave frequency bands with sub-millimeter thicknesses, while shielding more than 99.9% of EMI. The ultralow reflection frequency bands are controllable by tuning the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of M-type strontium ferrites and composite layer geometries. Two examples of shielding films with ultralow reflection frequencies, one for 39 and 52 GHz 5G telecommunication bands and the other for 60 and 77 GHz autonomous radar bands, are presented. The remarkably low reflectance and thinness of the proposed films provide an important advancement toward the commercialization of EMI shielding materials for 5G mmWave applications.
All-Solid-State Thin-Film Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Deng Renming , Ke Bingyuan , Xie Yonghui , Cheng Shoulin , Zhang Congcong , Zhang Hong , Lu Bingan , Wang Xinghui
Published: March 2023

Lithium-sulfur (Li–S) system coupled with thin-film solid electrolyte as a novel high-energy micro-battery has enormous potential for complementing embedded energy harvesters to enable the autonomy of the Internet of Things microdevice. However, the volatility in high vacuum and intrinsic sluggish kinetics of S hinder researchers from empirically integrating it into all-solid-state thin-film batteries, leading to inexperience in fabricating all-solid-state thin-film Li–S batteries (TFLSBs). Herein, for the first time, TFLSBs have been successfully constructed by stacking vertical graphene nanosheets-Li2S (VGs-Li2S) composite thin-film cathode, lithium-phosphorous-oxynitride (LiPON) thin-film solid electrolyte, and Li metal anode. Fundamentally eliminating Li-polysulfide shuttle effect and maintaining a stable VGs-Li2S/LiPON interface upon prolonged cycles have been well identified by employing the solid-state Li–S system with an “unlimited Li” reservoir, which exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability with a capacity retention of 81% for 3,000 cycles, and an exceptional high temperature tolerance up to 60 °C. More impressively, VGs-Li2S-based TFLSBs with evaporated-Li thin-film anode also demonstrate outstanding cycling performance over 500 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.71%. Collectively, this study presents a new development strategy for secure and high-performance rechargeable all-solid-state thin-film batteries.
The indigenous knowledge system of Credo Mutwa: a pedagogical challenge in higher education in South Africa
Authors: Kgope Tebogo Victoria
Published: March 2023

This article discusses the
vast indigenous knowledge system of the late Sanusi Credo Vusamazulu Mutwa as a critical and relevant pedagogy that can enhance the transformation agenda of an African university. It argues for the inclusion of Mutwa’s indigenous knowledge to form part of knowledge that will interface with other knowledges and be included in institutions of higher learning. It argues that the constant drives for an African university with an Africanised and decolonised curriculum must be entrenched by recognising indigenous knowledge holders as public intellectuals who can through social cohesion engage with scholars and students in higher education. It is a fact that indigenous wisdom remains a challenge and a contested terrain in higher education as it is observed that not only have institutions of higher learning admitted to the calls to decolonise, Africanise and indigenise the curriculum but these calls have been met with failures to recognise the intellectual emancipating knowledge systems of their very own African intellectuals. It is these tendencies that have led to the blindness of these spaces not to adequately recognise the canonical knowledge of Credo Mutwa, an indigenous knowledge system which innervates through various fields of studies.
Novel and flexible asymmetric supercapacitors based on NiCo2O4 nanosheets coated on Al and Cu tapes for wearable devices applications
Authors: Alshanableh Abdelelah , Albiss Borhan Aldeen , Aljawrneh Bashar , Alrousan Saja , Al-Othman Amani , Megdadi Hasan
Published: March 2023

The binary metal oxides show advantages in energy storage devices. Specifically, nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) materials showed promising pseudocapacitive properties, high electrical conductivity and large surface area by virtue of their effective porous structure. NiCo2O4nanosheets were hydrothermally grown in this work over flexible tapes of Aluminum (Al) and Copper (Cu). A nanosheets structure obtained of NiCo2O4as confirmed by SEM and AFM images. The measured thickness by 3D profilometer of NiCo2O4nanosheets based Al framework found to be 4.3 µm compared to 8.4 µm thick of film based-Cu framework. Asymmetric supercapacitor prepared from graphite and NiCo2O4electrodes separated by filter paper. Acidic aqueous electrolyte of H2SO4and basic aqueous electrolyte of KOH were employed to verify the cyclic activity and electrochemical reaction of asymmetric prepared supercapacitor devices. The basic KOH electrolyte shows a high stability and better charge transfer/ionic diffusion compared to the acidic H2SO4electrolyte in particular for NiCo2O4film-based Cu framework. The energy density and power density values were 0.9 W h kg−1and 66.45 W kg−1, respectively. The highest specific capacity (in F.g−1) = 10.09 coincides with NiCo2O4/Cu supercapacitor in the basic KOH electrolyte. The charge storage in the supercapacitor system of NiCo2O4and graphite can be ascribed in the form of Faradic charge transfer and capacitive non-faradic double layer, respectively.
Hermes: Hemera Returning Messenger
Authors: Iarocci Alessandro , Adobbato Pasquale , Lepore Amedeo , Mari Massimo , Masi Silvia , Romeo Giovanni
Published: March 2023

A common issue for long-duration balloon flights in the polar area is high bit rate data transferring. Just a few hours after launch balloons are nor reachable with direct radio link, and often satellite links are not fast enough to allow the necessary transfer rate or, simply, too expensive. For this reason, stratospheric balloon borne experiments carry out on-board data recording. Data recorded need to be recovered after termination, which is, sometimes, a slow, difficult and expensive task. Not always it is easy or possible to reach the landing site, especially during the polar winter. The aim of the project is to provide an autonomous glider capable of physically carrying the data from the stratospheric platform to a recovery point on the ground. This can also transport physical objects (like air samples) collected at float or along the flight. We estimate that an electrical motorglider released in the stratosphere can fly for several hundreds of kilometers. The glider is installed on the balloon payload through a remotely controlled release system, and connected with the main computer to receive data and the geographic coordinates of the recovery point. The glider trajectory can be monitored with Iridium SBD (Short Burst Data), and simple commands can be issued as well as using Iridium.
Machine learning-based models for frictional pressure drop prediction of condensing and adiabatic flow in micro, mini and macro channels utilizing universal data
Authors: Shourehdeli Shaban Alyari , Mobini Kamran
Published: March 2023

This study proposes a universal machine learning-based model to predict the adiabatic and condensing frictional pressure drop. For developing the proposed model, 11,411 data points of adiabatic and condensing flow inside micro, mini and macro channels are collected from 80 sources. The database consists of 24 working fluids, hydraulic diameters from 0.07 to 18 mm, mass velocities from 6.3 to 2000 Kg/m2s, and reduced pressures from 0.001 to 0.95. Using this database, four machine learning regression models, including “artificial neural network”, “support vector regression”, “gradient boosted regression”, and “random forest regression”, are developed and compared with each other. A wide range of dimensionless parameters as features, “two-phase friction factor” and “Chisholm parameter” are each considered separately as targets. Using search methods, the optimal values of important hyperparameters in each model are determined. The results showed that the “gradient boosted regression” model performs better than other models and predicts the frictional pressure drop with a mean absolute relative deviation of 3.24%. Examining the effectiveness of the new model showed that it predicts data with uniform accuracy over a vast range of variations of each flow parameter.
Creating a Software Methodology to Analyze and Preserve Archaeological Legacy Data
Authors: Fletcher Emily C.
Published: March 2023

Software now allows archaeologists to document excavations in more detail than ever before through rich, born-digital datasets. In comparison, paper documentation of past excavations (a valuable corpus of legacy data) is prohibitively difficult to work with. This pilot study explores creating custom software to digitize paper field notes from the 1970s excavations of the Gulkana site into machine-readable text and maps to be compatible with born-digital data from subsequent excavations in the 1990s. This site, located in Alaska's Copper River Basin, is important to archaeological understanding of metalworking innovation by precontact Northern Dene people, but is underrepresented in the literature because no comprehensive map of the site exists. The process and results of digitizing this corpus are presented in hopes of aiding similar efforts by other researchers.
Sensitivity of National Healthcare Safety Network definitions to capture healthcare-associated transmission identified by whole-genome sequencing surveillance
Authors: Sundermann Alexander J. , Penzelik Joseph , Ayres Ashley , Snyder Graham M. , Harrison Lee H.
Published: March 2023

The National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions are critical for standardizing healthcare-associated infection surveillance in US healthcare facilities. However, their use in accurately detecting healthcare-associated transmission (HAT) has not been measured. Using whole-genome sequencing surveillance data, we show that the NHSN has a sensitivity of 44.4% in detecting HAT.
Optimal complementary feeding practices of children aged 6–23 months in three agro-ecological rural districts of Jimma zones of southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Gebretsadik Meseret Tamrat , Adugna Dessalegn Tamiru , Aliyu Anteneh Dirar , Belachew Tefera
Published: March 2023

Despite the critical importance of complementary feeding, large proportions of children in developing countries are sub-optimally fed during 6–23 months of age. In Ethiopia, even though the government has been rolling out infant and young child feeding (IYCF) guidelines, the proportion of mothers adhering to the recommended optimal practices and its associated factors have not been assessed in different agro-ecological areas. Hence, the present study aimed to determine optimal complementary feeding practices and associated factors in three agro-ecological rural districts (high, mid and lowland) of southwest Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 845 mothers-index young children 6–23 months Jimma zone. Multistage sampling was employed to select the study participants. Structured and pretested questionnaires were used to collect data and entered into Epi Data V.1.4.4.0. The data were analysed using SPSS version 20. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with optimal child-feeding practices. The significance of the association was determined at P < 0⋅05. The overall proportion of optimal complementary feeding practice (OCFP) was 9⋅4 % at 95 % CI (7⋅19, 11⋅08). The timely initiation of complementary feeding, minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet was 52⋅2, 64⋅1, 17⋅2 and 12⋅2 %. Multivariable logistic regression showed that being in the highland districts, having good maternal knowledge, and mothers having primary school education, having a family size of less than six were positively associated with optimal complementary feeding practices. The findings showed that OCFP was low, especially in the midland agro-ecological districts.
COMPARING COMPUTABILITY IN TWO TOPOLOGIES
Authors: AMIR DJAMEL EDDINE , HOYRUP MATHIEU
Published: March 2023

Computable analysis provides ways of representing points in a topological space, and therefore of defining a notion of computable points of the space. In this article, we investigate when two topologies on the same space induce different sets of computable points. We first study a purely topological version of the problem, which is to understand when two topologies are not
$\sigma $
-homeomorphic. We obtain a characterization leading to an effective version, and we prove that two topologies satisfying this condition induce different sets of computable points. Along the way, we propose an effective version of the Baire category theorem which captures the construction technique, and enables one to build points satisfying properties that are co-meager with respect to a topology, and are computable with respect to another topology. Finally, we generalize the result to three topologies and give an application to prove that certain sets do not have computable type, which means that they have a homeomorphic copy that is semicomputable but not computable.
A new analysis of fatigue under combined bending and twisting
Authors: McDiarmid D. L.
Published: March 2023

Most service failures in fatigue start on a free surface, as in many cases the most severe stress conditions exist there and are of a bi-axial stress nature, such as a drive shaft under combined bending and twisting. This particular case of multi-axial stress fatigue, because of its importance in design, has seen considerable investigation, although several aspects of the stress situation complicate the analysis of the test results with regard to the development of a general criterion of fatigue failure under multi-axial stress. The principal stress axes rotate with variations in the ratio of bending to twisting and the shaft is subjected to a stress gradient. Only the extreme portions of the shaft in the plane of bending are under the maximum bending stress, whereas the complete surface of the shaft is subjected to the maximum torsion stress.
Development of the competition glider
Authors: Welch Ann
Published: March 2023

The use of specialised equipment is common to many sports from tennis to car racing, but in no other sport has this equipment been developed to such a degree of sophistication as it has in gliding. Naturally, together with technical progress there has come equally sophisticated piloting techniques, and an understanding of the air which has been, in some areas, ahead of that possessed by acknowledged experts.

The first gliding competition—if it could be called such —was held in 1920, 53 years ago in the period of exhaustion following the First World War. It consisted of a few dedicated enthusiasts who had got together with their rudimentary home-builts on the Wasserkuppe mountain and who wanted, quite simply, to fly. The aircraft were mainly hang gliders, not much advanced over those used by Pilcher and Lilienthal at the end of the previous century, and using the same method of control—shifting of body weight. The builders appeared to have obtained little profit from wartime aeroplane experience except perhaps in the achievement of a slightly less feather-friend shape; but they were still on the side of the birds in that live legs were used for take-off and landing.
Generalized Disappointment Aversion and the Variance Term Structure
Authors: Babiak Mykola
Published: March 2023

Contrary to leading asset pricing theories, recent empirical evidence indicates that financial markets compensate only short-term equity variance risk. An equilibrium model with generalized disappointment aversion risk preferences and rare events reconciles salient features of the variance term structure. In addition, a calibration explains the variance and skew risk premiums in equity returns and the implied volatility skew of index options while capturing standard moments of fundamentals, equity returns, and the risk-free rate. The key intuition for the results stems from substantial countercyclical risk aversion induced by endogenous variation in the probability of disappointing events in consumption growth.
Attitudes toward government, rich and poor, and support for redistribution
Authors: Witko Christopher , Moldogaziev Temirlan T.
Published: March 2023

Scholars have argued that negative attitudes toward government inhibit support for redistributive policies, while other studies show that individual attitudes toward the rich and the poor shape support for redistribution. How these individual attitudes relate to support for redistribution together has seldom been examined. Using the third round of the Life in Transition Survey (fielded in 2016, including 29 countries transitioning from communism) and outcome variables that tap into general attitudes about closing the income gap between the rich and the poor and willingness to pay more to help the needy, we examine how individual attitudes toward government, as well as the rich and the poor are associated with support for redistribution (final analyzed sample n > 23,700). Using logit multivariate regression analysis, we find that trust in government institutions and perceptions of public corruption are associated with certain redistributive attitudes, while individual attitudes toward the rich and the poor are consistently associated with both the general beliefs that income gaps in the country should be reduced and individual levels of willingness to pay more to help the needy.
Effect of ants on herbivory levels ofInga laurina: the interplay between space and time in an urban area
Authors: Domingos Saulo Santos , Alves Silva Estevao
Published: March 2023

Extrafloral nectary plants not only occur in natural areas but also in urban parks. These areas are prone to edge effects, and plants face different microenvironmental conditions. We investigated the spatial variation of ant–plant interactions in an urban park, and we examined if plants with ants would show lower herbivory levels and if it depended on habitat type (interior or edges). Seedlings ofInga laurinawere set in 200-m long transects (which covered both the west and east edges, and the interior) in an urban park and then experimentally assigned to be either ant-present or ant-excluded plants. Leaf herbivory was investigated throughout the wet season and was influenced by the interaction effect between ants and habitat type. Ants decreased the herbivory on the west edge, but on the east edge results were the opposite. The east edge had higher temperature and sunlight exposure in comparison to the other sites and was assumed to disrupt the stability of ant–plant interactions. In the interior of the fragment, herbivory depended on ant presence/absence and on the location of plants along the transect. Our study highlights how the outcomes of ant–plant interactions are spatially conditioned and affected by different types of habitats.
Developments in China's Public Opinion from Hu to Xi: Corruption, Activism and Regime Legitimacy
Authors: Hu Dora , Wright Teresa
Published: March 2023

This original analysis of the World Values Survey waves of 2007, 2012 and 2018 reveals important relationships among political trust and satisfaction, happiness, views of corruption, local elections and activism from the last half of the Hu Jintao administration through the first five years of Xi Jinping's rule. These data shed new light on the deeper dynamics underlying the high and growing levels of trust in government documented in other studies. Among this report's more novel findings, we find increased trust in government coincides with decreased local electoral participation, suggesting that participation in local elections is not key to perceptions of regime legitimacy. Views of corruption and a sense of personal efficacy through non-institutionalized forms of political participation such as peaceful demonstrations appear more relevant. Thus, constraints on people's ability to engage in peaceful demonstrations are likely to negatively impact views of regime legitimacy. In addition, the report uncovers demographic variations in these dynamics, indicating that regime legitimacy is more precarious among citizens at the bottom of the socioeconomic hierarchy and among younger Chinese. Overall, these findings complicate existing explanations of regime legitimacy centring on economic performance, nationalism, responsiveness/adaptiveness and efforts to combat corruption.
How farmers adopt new technologies: connections between farmer and technician knowledges in Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula) (1880–1940)
Authors: Fernández-Prieto Lourenzo , Soto-Fernández David , Esperante Bruno
Published: March 2023

Who chooses new technology? And how? In this article, we explore the diffusion of agricultural science and technology in Galicia (Spain), and the ways in which farmers adopted innovations in the period of 1880–1940 within the Atlantic Iberian agricultural context of small farms. To answer these questions, we adopt a socio-institutional approach and also an environmental one, changes in breeding techniques and the creation of the Galician Blond cow, as well as the widespread use of threshing machines, which were two closely related innovations in the context of mixed farming agriculture. These two examples illustrate the fusion of science-based and practice-based agriculture, and how technology did not threaten community or family equilibrium; instead, it empowered processes that were already operative in affirming small-scale farming.
Rural social engineering: reordering the countryside in decolonising India and Malaysia (1947–60)
Authors: Six Clemens
Published: March 2023

In an interview in the early 1980s, Michel Foucault predicated that, from the eighteenth century on, modern government rationality has essentially been a form of urban planning. This article challenges this argument. It discusses the formation of rural social engineering, that is, the state-led efforts to design new men and new social orders outside the cities through plans, during decolonisation in Asia. Based on the comparative study of India after Partition (1947) and British Malaya during the counter-insurgency war (1948–60), the argument is that we can understand rural social engineering particularly in the 1950s less as a consequence of colonial inheritance or international change but as the result of how decolonisation unfolded including its patterns of violence, social conflict, and migration. As such, rural social engineering constituted a central element in the postcolonial ‘art of the government of man’.
Successful modified implantation of insertable cardiac monitor in a very young paediatric patient
Authors: Srivastava Namun S. , Arruda Janine , Haddadin Caroline Al , Ries Jessica , Snyder Christopher
Published: March 2023

Insertable cardiac monitors are minimally invasive devices designed for implantation in the chest wall of patients to record heart rhythms and relate them to symptoms over prolonged periods. The Jot Dx™ (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA) is the latest Food and Drug Administration-cleared insertable cardiac monitor that is Bluetooth™ enabled allowing for near-immediate transmission of data from patients to physicians. We report on the first paediatric patient, in a patient weighing 11.7 kg, to undergo a modified, vertical, parasternal implantation of a Jot Dx™.
Prostataarterien-Embolisation (PAE)
Authors: Abt Dominik , Lütolf Sandro , Giudici Nicola
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: Die Prostataarterien-Embolisation (PAE) ist eine minimal-invasive Therapie zur Behandlung des benignen Prostatasyndroms (BPS). Auf Basis der vorhandenen Evidenz zu Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit im kurz- und mittelfristigen Verlauf wird sie mittlerweile durch internationale evidenzbasierte Guidelines empfohlen. Da sich der Behandlungsansatz deutlich von jenem anderer Therapien unterscheidet (endovaskulär statt transurethral), unterscheidet sich auch das Profil der PAE erheblich von anderen Behandlungen. Wesentliche Vorteile der PAE sind das gute Sicherheitsprofil, das Fehlen einer oberen Limitation des Prostatavolumens, die Behandlung in Lokalanästhesie und unter laufender Antikoagulation sowie die nicht notwendige postoperative Schonung. Die suboptimale Desobstruktion der Prostata, das schlechtere Ansprechen bei kleinerer Prostata und die Verfügbarkeit der PAE stellen Nachteile des Verfahrens dar. Beides muss bei Patientenselektion und -beratung berücksichtigt werden.
Aquablation®-Therapie bei der benignen Prostatahyperplasie (BPH)
Authors: Bach Thorsten , Mahler Dorothee
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: Die operative BPH-Therapie zählt zu den häufigsten urologischen Eingriffen überhaupt. Mit den Referenzmethoden, der transurethralen Prostataresektion (TUR-P), der offen chirurgischen Adenomenukleation über einen transabdominellen Zugang und auch moderne Laserverfahren stehen zwar vielfältige und effektive Therapieverfahren zur Verfügung, deren Ergebnisqualität allerdings von der Erfahrung des Operateurs abhängt. Gleichzeitig sind alle angewandten Referenzverfahren mit einer hohen Rate an sexueller Dysfunktion, vor allen der postoperativen Anejakulation vergesellschaftet, ein Problem, welches für Männer unabhängig vom Alter durchaus relevant ist [1]. Mit dem Ziel zum einen die Abhängigkeit des Operationserfolgs von der Expertise des Operateurs zu reduzieren, dabei aber vergleichbar gute Ergebnisse zu erzielen, aber auch die Rate der Morbidität zu verringern, wurde die robotische Aquablation® entwickelt. Nach der erstmaligen Anwendung am Menschen durch Peter Gilling im Jahr 2013, wurde der Aquabeam®-Roboter in seiner jetzigen Form seit 2015 im Rahmen klinischer Zulassungsstudien (Water, Water II und Open Water Study) und seit August 2017 durch Thorsten Bach in Hamburg schliesslich in die klinische Routine eingeführt. Die Sicherheit und Effektivität der Aquablation®-Therapie konnte in verschiedenen Studien und im klinischen Alltag belegt werden.
Pathologie und Pathophysiologie der BPH und relevante Zufallsbefunde in der TUR-P
Authors: Becker Jakob , Moch Holger
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: Die benigne Prostatahyperplasie (BPH) ist definiert als knotige Vergrösserung der Prostata durch Proliferation der Prostatadrüsen und des Stromas. Die BPH zählt neben dem Adenokarzinom der Prostata zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen der Prostata. Eine der gängigen Therapieoptionen ist die Entfernung von Prostatagewebe im Rahmen einer transurethralen Resektion der Prostata (TUR-P). Das so gewonnene Material gehört zum häufigsten urologischen Einsendegut in der Pathologie. Die Pathophysiologie der BPH ist bis anhin nicht vollständig aufgeklärt, jedoch spielen verschiedene Hormone, darunter Androgene mit insbesondere Dihydrotestosteron und Östrogene, Wachstumsfaktoren, Entzündung und Umwelteinflüsse eine weitere Rolle. Die histologische Diagnose einer benignen Prostatahyperplasie ist in der Regel relativ einfach zu stellen. Wichtig in diesem Kontext sind aber weitere Zufallsbefunde, welche als «böse Überraschung» im Rahmen der Gewebeuntersuchung einer BPH auftreten können. Hierunter fallen beispielsweise die prostatische intraepitheliale Neoplasie (PIN) und das inzidentelle azinäre Adenokarzinom der Prostata oder die atypische adenomatöse Hyperplasie (AAH) als fragliche Präneoplasie. Gemäss Angaben in der Literatur können bei histologischer Untersuchung des TUR-P-Materials von BPH in bis zu 5% der Fälle eine high-grade PIN und in 5–13% inzidentelle Adenokarzinome identifiziert werden. Diese Häufigkeiten rechtfertigen eine verhältnismässig aufwändige Untersuchung des Gewebes mit repräsentativer bis vollständiger Einbettung des resezierten Gewebes einer TUR-P.
Recent Acceleration of Wetland Accretion and Carbon Accumulation Along the U.S. East Coast
Authors: Weston Nathaniel B. , Rodriguez Elise , Donnelly Brian , Solohin Elena , Jezycki Kristen , Demberger Sandra , Sutter Lori A. , Morris James T. , Neubauer Scott C. , Craft Christopher B.
Published: March 2023

The long‐term stability of coastal wetlands is determined by interactions among sea level, plant primary production, sediment supply, and wetland vertical accretion. Human activities in watersheds have significantly altered sediment delivery from the landscape to the coastal ocean, with declines along much of the U.S. East Coast. Tidal wetlands in coastal systems with low sediment supply may have limited ability to keep pace with accelerating rates of sea‐level rise (SLR). Here, we show that rates of vertical accretion and carbon accumulation in nine tidal wetland systems along the U.S. East Coast from Maine to Georgia can be explained by differences in the rate of relative SLR (RSLR), the concentration of suspended sediments in the rivers draining to the coast, and temperature in the coastal region. Further, we show that rates of vertical accretion have accelerated over the past century by between 0.010 and 0.083 mm yr−2, at roughly the same pace as the acceleration of global SLR. We estimate that rates of carbon sequestration in these wetland soils have accelerated (more than doubling at several sites) along with accelerating accretion. Wetland accretion and carbon accumulation have accelerated more rapidly in coastal systems with greater relative RSLR, higher watershed sediment availability, and lower temperatures. These findings suggest that the biogeomorphic feedback processes that control accretion and carbon accumulation in these tidal wetlands have responded to accelerating RSLR, and that changes to RSLR, watershed sediment supply, and temperature interact to determine wetland vulnerability across broad geographic scales.
Shallow Low‐Velocity Layer in the Hyuga‐Nada Accretionary Prism and Its Hydrological Implications: Insights From a Passive Seismic Array
Authors: Akuhara Takeshi , Yamashita Yusuke , Ohyanagi Shukei , Sawaki Yasunori , Yamada Tomoaki , Shinohara Masanao
Published: March 2023

Shear wave velocity (Vs) estimations of accretionary prisms can pose unique constraints to the physical properties of rocks, which are hard to obtain from compressional velocities (Vp) alone. Thus, it would help better understand the fluid processes of the accretion system. This study investigates the Vs structure of the Hyuga‐nada accretionary prism using an array of ocean‐bottom seismometers (OBSs) with a 2 km radius. Teleseismic Green's functions and a surface wave dispersion curve are inverted to one‐dimensional Vs structures using transdimensional inversion. The results indicate the presence of a low‐velocity zone 3–4 km below the seafloor. The reduced Vs corresponds to a reduced Vp feature obtained in a previous seismic refraction survey, and the high Vp/Vs ratio suggests the presence of high pore fluid pressure. In addition, the resolved lithological boundary exhibits a sharp offset that extends laterally across the OBS array. We attribute this offset to a blind fault below while acknowledging other possibilities, such as due to mud diapirism or intense fracturing. The predicted fault is located at the Kyushu–Palau Ridge flank, oriented roughly parallel to the ridge axis, and thus likely caused by ridge subduction. This fault may act as a fluid conduit, contributing to the formation of a fluid reservoir beneath the compacted sediment layers.
Data From the Drain: A Sensor Framework That Captures Multiple Drivers of Chronic Coastal Floods
Authors: Gold Adam , Anarde Katherine , Grimley Lauren , Neve Ryan , Srebnik Emma Rudy , Thelen Thomas , Whipple Anthony , Hino Miyuki
Published: March 2023

Tide gauge water levels are commonly used as a proxy for flood incidence on land. These proxies are useful for projecting how sea‐level rise (SLR) will increase the frequency of coastal flooding. However, tide gauges do not account for land‐based sources of coastal flooding and therefore flood thresholds and the proxies derived from them likely underestimate the current and future frequency of coastal flooding. Here we present a new sensor framework for measuring the incidence of coastal floods that captures both subterranean and land‐based contributions to flooding. The low‐cost, open‐source sensor framework consists of a storm drain water level sensor, roadway camera, and wireless gateway that transmit data in real‐time. During 5 months of deployment in the Town of Beaufort, North Carolina, 24 flood events were recorded. Twenty‐five percent of those events were driven by land‐based sources—rainfall, combined with moderate high tides and reduced capacity in storm drains. Consequently, we find that flood frequency is higher than that suggested by proxies that rely exclusively on tide gauge water levels for determining flood incidence. This finding likely extends to other locations where stormwater networks are at a reduced drainage capacity due to SLR. Our results highlight the benefits of instrumenting stormwater networks directly to capture multiple drivers of coastal flooding. More accurate estimates of the frequency and drivers of floods in low‐lying coastal communities can enable the development of more effective long‐term adaptation strategies.
HOXB3 drives WNT-activation associated progression in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Zhu Shimiao , Yang Zhao , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Hongli , Li Songyang , Wu Tao , Chen Xuanrong , Guo Jianing , Wang Aixiang , Tian Hao , Yu Jianpeng , Zhang Changwen , Su Lei , Shang Zhiqun , Quan Changyi , Niu Yuanjie
Published: March 2023

Enabled resistance or innate insensitiveness to antiandrogen are lethal for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Unfortunately, there seems to be little can be done to overcome the antiandrogen resistance because of the largely unknown mechanisms. In prospective cohort study, we found that HOXB3 protein level was an independent risk factor of PSA progression and death in patients with metastatic CRPC. In vivo, upregulated HOXB3 contributed to CRPC xenografts progression and abiraterone resistance. To uncover the mechanism of HOXB3 driving tumor progression, we performed RNA-sequencing in HOXB3 negative (HOXB3-) and HOXB3 high (HOXB3 + ) staining CRPC tumors and determined that HOXB3 activation was associated with the expression of WNT3A and enriched WNT pathway genes. Furthermore, extra WNT3A and APC deficiency led HOXB3 to be isolated from destruction-complex, translocated to nuclei, and then transcriptionally regulated multiple WNT pathway genes. What’s more, we also observed that the suppression of HOXB3 could reduce cell proliferation in APC-downregulated CRPC cells and sensitize APC-deficient CRPC xenografts to abiraterone again. Together, our data indicated that HOXB3 served as a downstream transcription factor of WNT pathway and defined a subgroup of CRPC resistant to antiandrogen which would benefit from HOXB3-targeted therapy.
Structural insights into the human niacin receptor HCA2-Gi signalling complex
Authors: Yang Yang , Kang Hye Jin , Gao Ruogu , Wang Jingjing , Han Gye Won , DiBerto Jeffrey F. , Wu Lijie , Tong Jiahui , Qu Lu , Wu Yiran , Pileski Ryan , Li Xuemei , Zhang Xuejun Cai , Zhao Suwen , Kenakin Terry , Wang Quan , Stevens Raymond C. , Peng Wei , Roth Bryan L. , Rao Zihe , Liu Zhi-Jie
Published: March 2023

The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) agonist niacin has been used as treatment for dyslipidemia for several decades albeit with skin flushing as a common side-effect in treated individuals. Extensive efforts have been made to identify HCA2 targeting lipid lowering agents with fewer adverse effects, despite little being known about the molecular basis of HCA2 mediated signalling. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the HCA2-Gi signalling complex with the potent agonist MK-6892, along with crystal structures of HCA2 in inactive state. These structures, together with comprehensive pharmacological analysis, reveal the ligand binding mode and activation and signalling mechanisms of HCA2. This study elucidates the structural determinants essential for HCA2 mediated signalling and provides insights into ligand discovery for HCA2 and related receptors.
Enhanced Ca2+-channeling complex formation at the ER-mitochondria interface underlies the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease
Authors: Thoudam Themis , Chanda Dipanjan , Lee Jung Yi , Jung Min-Kyo , Sinam Ibotombi Singh , Kim Byung-Gyu , Park Bo-Yoon , Kwon Woong Hee , Kim Hyo-Jeong , Kim Myeongjin , Lim Chae Won , Lee Hoyul , Huh Yang Hoon , Miller Caroline A. , Saxena Romil , Skill Nicholas J. , Huda Nazmul , Kusumanchi Praveen , Ma Jing , Yang Zhihong , Kim Min-Ji , Mun Ji Young , Harris Robert A. , Jeon Jae-Han , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Lee In-Kyu
Published: March 2023

Ca2+ overload-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). However, the initiating factors that drive mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation in ALD remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that an aberrant increase in hepatic GRP75-mediated mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) Ca2+-channeling (MCC) complex formation promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and in male mouse model of ALD. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis reveals PDK4 as a prominently inducible MAM kinase in ALD. Analysis of human ALD cohorts further corroborate these findings. Additional mass spectrometry analysis unveils GRP75 as a downstream phosphorylation target of PDK4. Conversely, non-phosphorylatable GRP75 mutation or genetic ablation of PDK4 prevents alcohol-induced MCC complex formation and subsequent mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation and dysfunction. Finally, ectopic induction of MAM formation reverses the protective effect of PDK4 deficiency in alcohol-induced liver injury. Together, our study defines a mediatory role of PDK4 in promoting mitochondrial dysfunction in ALD.
Mitochondrial ATP synthase as a direct molecular target of chromium(III) to ameliorate hyperglycaemia stress
Authors: Wang Haibo , Hu Ligang , Li Hongyan , Lai Yau-Tsz , Wei Xueying , Xu Xiaohan , Cao Zhenkun , Cao Huiming , Wan Qianya , Chang Yuen-Yan , Xu Aimin , Zhou Qunfang , Jiang Guibin , He Ming-Liang , Sun Hongzhe
Published: March 2023

Chromium(III) is extensively used as a supplement for muscle development and the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, its mode of action, essentiality, and physiological/pharmacological effects have been a subject of scientific debate for over half a century owing to the failure in identifying the molecular targets of Cr(III). Herein, by integrating fluorescence imaging with a proteomic approach, we visualized the Cr(III) proteome being mainly localized in the mitochondria, and subsequently identified and validated eight Cr(III)-binding proteins, which are predominately associated with ATP synthesis. We show that Cr(III) binds to ATP synthase at its beta subunit via the catalytic residues of Thr213/Glu242 and the nucleotide in the active site. Such a binding suppresses ATP synthase activity, leading to the activation of AMPK, improving glucose metabolism, and rescuing mitochondria from hyperglycaemia-induced fragmentation. The mode of action of Cr(III) in cells also holds true in type II diabetic male mice. Through this study, we resolve the long-standing question of how Cr(III) ameliorates hyperglycaemia stress at the molecular level, opening a new horizon for further exploration of the pharmacological effects of Cr(III).
Diversity of platinum-sites at platinum/fullerene interface accelerates alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Aliasgar Mohammed , Zamudio Fernando Buendia , Zhang Tianyu , Zhao Yilin , Lian Xu , Wen Lan , Yang Haozhou , Sun Wenping , Kozlov Sergey M. , Chen Wei , Wang Lei
Published: March 2023

Membrane-based alkaline water electrolyser is promising for cost-effective green hydrogen production. One of its key technological obstacles is the development of active catalyst-materials for alkaline hydrogen-evolution-reaction (HER). Here, we show that the activity of platinum towards alkaline HER can be significantly enhanced by anchoring platinum-clusters onto two-dimensional fullerene nanosheets. The unusually large lattice distance (~0.8 nm) of the fullerene nanosheets and the ultra-small size of the platinum-clusters (~2 nm) leads to strong confinement of platinum clusters accompanied by pronounced charge redistributions at the intimate platinum/fullerene interface. As a result, the platinum-fullerene composite exhibits 12 times higher intrinsic activity for alkaline HER than the state-of-the-art platinum/carbon black catalyst. Detailed kinetic and computational investigations revealed the origin of the enhanced activity to be the diverse binding properties of the platinum-sites at the interface of platinum/fullerene, which generates highly active sites for all elementary steps in alkaline HER, particularly the sluggish Volmer step. Furthermore, encouraging energy efficiency of 74% and stability were achieved for alkaline water electrolyser assembled using platinum-fullerene composite under industrially relevant testing conditions.
Structural basis of the substrate recognition and inhibition mechanism of Plasmodium falciparum nucleoside transporter PfENT1
Authors: Wang Chen , Yu Leiye , Zhang Jiying , Zhou Yanxia , Sun Bo , Xiao Qingjie , Zhang Minhua , Liu Huayi , Li Jinhong , Li Jialu , Luo Yunzi , Xu Jie , Lian Zhong , Lin Jingwen , Wang Xiang , Zhang Peng , Guo Li , Ren Ruobing , Deng Dong
Published: March 2023

By lacking de novo purine biosynthesis enzymes, Plasmodium falciparum requires purine nucleoside uptake from host cells. The indispensable nucleoside transporter ENT1 of P. falciparum facilitates nucleoside uptake in the asexual blood stage. Specific inhibitors of PfENT1 prevent the proliferation of P. falciparum at submicromolar concentrations. However, the substrate recognition and inhibitory mechanism of PfENT1 are still elusive. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of PfENT1 in apo, inosine-bound, and inhibitor-bound states. Together with in vitro binding and uptake assays, we identify that inosine is the primary substrate of PfENT1 and that the inosine-binding site is located in the central cavity of PfENT1. The endofacial inhibitor GSK4 occupies the orthosteric site of PfENT1 and explores the allosteric site to block the conformational change of PfENT1. Furthermore, we propose a general “rocker switch” alternating access cycle for ENT transporters. Understanding the substrate recognition and inhibitory mechanisms of PfENT1 will greatly facilitate future efforts in the rational design of antimalarial drugs.
mRNA vaccines and hybrid immunity use different B cell germlines against Omicron BA.4 and BA.5
Authors: Andreano Emanuele , Paciello Ida , Pierleoni Giulio , Maccari Giuseppe , Antonelli Giada , Abbiento Valentina , Pileri Piero , Benincasa Linda , Giglioli Ginevra , Piccini Giulia , De Santi Concetta , Sala Claudia , Medini Duccio , Montomoli Emanuele , Maes Piet , Rappuoli Rino
Published: March 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 are characterized by high transmissibility and ability to escape natural and vaccine induced immunity. Here we test the neutralizing activity of 482 human monoclonal antibodies isolated from people who received two or three mRNA vaccine doses or from people vaccinated after infection. The BA.4 and BA.5 variants are neutralized only by approximately 15% of antibodies. Remarkably, the antibodies isolated after three vaccine doses target mainly the receptor binding domain Class 1/2, while antibodies isolated after infection recognize mostly the receptor binding domain Class 3 epitope region and the N-terminal domain. Different B cell germlines are used by the analyzed cohorts. The observation that mRNA vaccination and hybrid immunity elicit a different immunity against the same antigen is intriguing and its understanding may help to design the next generation of therapeutics and vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019.
Reliability and accuracy of single-molecule FRET studies for characterization of structural dynamics and distances in proteins
Authors: Agam Ganesh , Gebhardt Christian , Popara Milana , Mächtel Rebecca , Folz Julian , Ambrose Benjamin , Chamachi Neharika , Chung Sang Yoon , Craggs Timothy D. , de Boer Marijn , Grohmann Dina , Ha Taekjip , Hartmann Andreas , Hendrix Jelle , Hirschfeld Verena , Hübner Christian G. , Hugel Thorsten , Kammerer Dominik , Kang Hyun-Seo , Kapanidis Achillefs N. , Krainer Georg , Kramm Kevin , Lemke Edward A. , Lerner Eitan , Margeat Emmanuel , Martens Kirsten , Michaelis Jens , Mitra Jaba , Moya Muñoz Gabriel G. , Quast Robert B. , Robb Nicole C. , Sattler Michael , Schlierf Michael , Schneider Jonathan , Schröder Tim , Sefer Anna , Tan Piau Siong , Thurn Johann , Tinnefeld Philip , van Noort John , Weiss Shimon , Wendler Nicolas , Zijlstra Niels , Barth Anders , Seidel Claus A. M. , Lamb Don C. , Cordes Thorben
Published: March 2023

Single-molecule Förster-resonance energy transfer (smFRET) experiments allow the study of biomolecular structure and dynamics in vitro and in vivo. We performed an international blind study involving 19 laboratories to assess the uncertainty of FRET experiments for proteins with respect to the measured FRET efficiency histograms, determination of distances, and the detection and quantification of structural dynamics. Using two protein systems with distinct conformational changes and dynamics, we obtained an uncertainty of the FRET efficiency ≤0.06, corresponding to an interdye distance precision of ≤2 Å and accuracy of ≤5 Å. We further discuss the limits for detecting fluctuations in this distance range and how to identify dye perturbations. Our work demonstrates the ability of smFRET experiments to simultaneously measure distances and avoid the averaging of conformational dynamics for realistic protein systems, highlighting its importance in the expanding toolbox of integrative structural biology.