bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body size and light environment modulate flight speed and saccadic behavior in free flyingDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Barredo Elina , Yang Haoming , Currea John Paul , Sondhi Yash , Palavalli-Nettimi Ravindra , Sponberg Simon , Tarokh Vahid , Theobald Jamie
Published: July 2024

For flying insects, visual control relies on acquiring adequate light, but many circumstances limit this, such as dim environments, high image speeds, or eyes of modest light gathering power. To determine these effects on vinegar flies, we limited light by either placing them in dim conditions, or generating individuals with developmentally smaller eyes, then examined activity levels and three-dimensional flight paths. When simulating dawn and dusk light periods, walking flies increase activity, reflecting their crepuscular nature, and this is stronger for flies with larger eyes. When light switches abruptly, similar to many lab settings, activity associated with crepuscular periods diminishes, as does activity associated with greater facet size. During free flight, we find flight speed decreases similarly in both dim light and small eye conditions, but excess light induces smaller individuals to restore their flight speed. Through a machine learning approach, we confirmed that two features, translational speed and saccade distance, are sufficient to classify treatment groups by light niche, size, and age. Together, these imply that flight changes in smaller individuals result from visual deficits, rather than other elements of body structure.
Mechanism of membrane curvature generation and caveola formation by flat disc-like complexes of caveolin
Authors: Barnoy Avishai , Parton Robert G , Kozlov Michael M
Published: July 2024

Membrane sculpting by caveolin and accessory proteins is crucial for caveola formation. The discovery of the disc-like structure of caveolin oligomers has challenged earlier models for membrane shaping by caveolins. The flat shape of the caveolin discs apparently contradicts the large curvature of caveolar membranes these discs generate upon their predicted embedding into the cytoplasmic membrane leaflet. Here we have provided a mechanism for this phenomenon. We proposed that the central factor behind the membrane shaping by caveolin discs is a differential interaction of the membrane lipid monolayers with each other and with the hydrophobic faces of the caveolin discs. Based on this hypothesis we demonstrated by computations that the caveolin disc insertion causes elastic stresses of tilt and splay in the membrane monolayers, which, in turn, drive membrane kinking along the disc boundaries. The resulting membrane shapes are predicted to have a faceted appearance in agreement with observations and the estimated effective curvatures of these shapes are equal to those measured for caveolae in cells. We predicted and analysed the membrane-mediated repulsive forces developing between the inserted caveolin discs and discussed the strength of the counterforces needed to concentrate caveolin discs in the membrane plane. Besides recovering the major features of caveolar formation and morphology, our model provides a new mechanistic understanding of the role of cholesterol and other lipids with similar intrinsic curvature in the caveola assembly and control of caveolar size.
Optical Fibers Functionalized with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Flexible Fluorescent Catecholamine Detection
Authors: Klinger Madeline E , Miller Rigney A , Wilbrecht Linda , Landry Markita P
Published: July 2024

Despite the blockbuster popularity of drugs that act on catecholamine receptors, catecholamine dynamics in human health and disease remain an incomplete picture. Recent advances in fluorescent sensors have enabled unprecedented access to catecholamine dynamics in preclinical animal models, but the requirements of these technologies limit translational value for clinical diagnostics. Here, we present a flexible and convenient tool for fluorescent catecholamine detection by functionalizing optical fibers with single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-based near-infrared catecholamine sensors (nIRCats), a form factor that has potential for more convenient and less invasive clinical translation. We show that these near-infrared functionalized (nIRF) fibers respond to dopamine in a biologically-relevant concentration range (10nM through 1 μM) with a mean ΔF/F0 of 0.022 through 0.411, with no statistically significant effect on signal magnitude after 16-hour exposure to human blood plasma. We further demonstrate the utility of these fibers in as little as 10 μL volumes of clinically relevant biofluids up to 24 weeks after preparation, with a ΔF/F0 of up to 0.059 through 1.127 for 10 nM through 1 μM dopamine. We also introduce a compact, mobile dual-near-infrared fiber photometry rig and demonstrate its success detecting dopamine with 0.005 ΔF/F0 in acute brain slices with nIRF fibers. Together, this fiber-based tool and photometry rig expand the toolbox of catecholamine detection technologies to a broader range of applications.
The Pollen Tube Penetrates the Synergid Cell by Formation of a Peritubular Membrane
Authors: Desnoyer Nicholas , Belloli Marta , Bencivenga Stefano , Denninger Philipp , Grossniklaus Ueli
Published: July 2024

In flowering plants, successful reproduction relies on an exchange of signals between synergids and pollen tubes (PTs), mediating the invasion of a synergid by the PT, which then ruptures and releases two sperm cells to effect double fertilization. However, how exactly the PT invades the receptive synergid is unknown as the spatial relationship between these two cells is unclear. To better understand this process we performed 3D live imaging of PT reception inArabidopsis thaliana. Upon arrival at the filiform apparatus (FA), a region rich in membrane folds at the micropylar pole of the synergids, the PT gradually deforms the FA before it rapidly grows into the receptive synergid. Upon penetration, the membrane of the receptive synergid invaginates and envelopes the PT. We termed this newly discovered structure the peri-tubular membrane (PRM). We show that, inferoniamutants disrupting PT reception, the PT still enters the receptive synergid, forming a normal PRM. This results in extensive invagination of the synergid membrane without sperm release. We show that PRM formation is associated with a cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) spike of high amplitude in the PT and flooding of [Ca2+]cytin the synergids. In PTs lacking AUTOINHIBITED Ca2+ATPASE9 activity, PTs have lower amplitude [Ca2+]cytspiking and the PTs frequently fail to penetrate the synergid. Our findings suggest that synergid penetration and the non-cell autonomous control of PT rupture are distinct regulated processes required for fertilization in flowering plants.
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction is Associated with Augmented Lysosomal Signaling in Hypercholesterolemic Mice
Authors: Wang Yunting , Moura Alexandra K. , Zuo Rui , Zhou Wei , Wang Zhengchao , Roudbari Kiana , Hu Jenny Z. , Li Pin-Lan , Zhang Yang , Li Xiang
Published: July 2024

Accumulating evidence indicates that coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) caused by hypercholesterolemia can lead to myocardial ischemia, with or without obstructive atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the molecular pathways associated with compromised coronary microvascular function prior to the development of myocardial ischemic injury remain poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypercholesterolemia on the function and integrity of the coronary microcirculation in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Mice were fed with a hypercholesterolemic Paigen's diet (PD) for 8 weeks. Echocardiography data showed that PD caused CMD, characterized by significant reductions in coronary blood flow and coronary flow reserve (CFR), but did not affect cardiac remodeling or dysfunction. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that PD-induced CMD was associated with activation of coronary arterioles inflammation and increased myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration. These pathological changes occurred in parallel with the upregulation of lysosomal signaling pathways in endothelial cells (ECs). Treating hypercholesterolemic mice with the cholesterol-lowering drug ezetimibe significantly ameliorated PD-induced adverse effects, including hypercholesterolemia, steatohepatitis, reduced CFR, coronary EC inflammation, and myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration. In cultured mouse cardiac endothelial cells (MCECs), 7-ketocholesterol (7K) increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory responses. Meanwhile, 7K induced the activation of TFEB and lysosomal signaling in MCECs, whereas the lysosome inhibitor bafilomycin A1 blocked 7K-induced TFEB activation and exacerbated 7K-induced inflammation and cell death. Interestingly, ezetimibe synergistically enhanced 7K-induced TFEB activation and attenuated 7K-induced mitochondrial ROS and inflammatory responses in MCECs. These results suggest that CMD can develop and precede detectable cardiac functional or structural changes in the setting of hypercholesterolemia, and that upregulation of TFEB-mediated lysosomal signaling in ECs plays a protective role against CMD.
Plasma proteomic comparisons change as coverage expands for SomaLogic and Olink
Authors: Rooney Mary R. , Chen Jingsha , Ballantyne Christie M. , Hoogeveen Ron C. , Boerwinkle Eric , Yu Bing , Walker Keenan A. , Schlosser Pascal , Selvin Elizabeth , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Couper David , Grams Morgan E. , Coresh Josef
Published: July 2024

The number of assays on highly-multiplexed proteomic platforms has grown ten-fold over the past 15 years from less than 1,000 to >11,000. The leading aptamer-based and antibody-based platforms have different strengths. For example, Eldjarn et al1demonstrated that the aptamer-based SomaScan 5k (4,907 assays, assessed in the Icelandic 36K) and the antibody-based Olink Explore 3072 (2,931 assays, assessed in the UK BioBank) had a similar number ofcis-pQTLs among all targets (2,120 vs. 2,101) but Olink had a greater number ofcis-pQTLs among the overlapping targets (1,164 vs. 1,467). Analysis of split plasma measures showed the SomaScan assays to be more precise: median coefficient of variation (CV) of 9.9% vs. 16.5% for Olink.1Precision of the newest versions of the platforms—SomaScan 11k (>11,000 assays, released in December 2023) and Olink Explore HT (>5,400 assays, released in July 2023)—has not yet been established. We assessed the reproducibility of the SomaScan 11k and Olink Explore HT using split plasma samples from 102 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study participants. We found that the SomaScan 11k assays had a median CV of 6.8% (vs 6.6% for the subset of assays available on the SomaScan 5k) and the Olink Explore HT assays had a median CV of 35.7% (vs 19.8% for the subset of assays available on the Olink Explore 3072). Across Olink assays, the CVs were strongly negatively correlated with protein detectability, i.e., percent of samples above the limit of detection (LOD). For the 4,443 overlapping assays, the distribution of between-platform correlations was bimodal with a peak atr∼0 and with another smaller peak atr∼0.8. These findings on precision are consistent with the updated results by Eldjarn et al1but indicate that precision of these two leading platforms in human plasma has diverged as the number of included proteins has increased.
EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION IN THE CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN DASS EMIRATE COUNCIL OF BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA: AN INTERVENTION STUDY
Authors: Adeyemo Sunday Charles , Oyedeji Gbadebo Jimoh , Atolagbe James , Opeyemi Oladunni , Olanrewaju Sunday , Akinleye Calistus , Olagunju Funsho , Olabode Eniola Dorcas , Maleka Abdulwaris Salisu
Published: July 2024

Objective

Schistosomiasis has been recognized by WHO as major contributor to mortality and morbidity particularly in Sub Sahara Africa where it is mostly prevalent. There is a lack of reliable data on the effectiveness of health education interventions in reducing the prevalence of Schistosomiasis in Bauchi State. Hence, the study assessed the prevalence of Schistosomiasis and the knowledge, attitude and practices of community members of Dass Emirate towards the prevention and control of Schistosomiasis before and after health education intervention.

Results

At pre-intervention, majority of the respondents 234 (66.9%) have been diagnosed, or have family members or community members who have been diagnosed with Schistosomiasis. Ninety-six (27.5%) of respondents have good knowledge about Schistosomiasis. 79 (22.6%) of the respondents strongly agree that they can confidently recognize symptoms of schistosomiasis. Only 91 (26.0%) strongly agreed to taking responsibilities for taking preventive measures. At post-intervention, the prevalence of Schistosomiasis dropped to 55.1%. This was statistically significant at p =0.043. Knowledge about Schistosomiasis increased from 27.5% to 87.0% at post-intervention. This was statistically significant at p <0.05. Regarding attitude and practices, good attitude and practices increased from 59.1% at pre-intervention 71.0% at post-intervention. However, this was not statistically significant (p>0.05).
A Retinoic Acid:YAP1 signaling axis controls atrial lineage commitment
Authors: Abraham Elizabeth , Volmert Brett , Roule Thomas , Huang Ling , Yu Jingting , Williams April E , Cohen Henry M , Douglas Aidan , Megill Emily , Morris Alex , Stronati Eleonora , Fueyo Raquel , Zubillaga Mikel , Elrod John W , Akizu Naiara , Aguirre Aitor , Estaras Conchi
Published: July 2024

Vitamin A/Retinoic Acid (Vit A/RA) signaling is essential for heart development. In cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), RA signaling induces the expression of atrial lineage genes while repressing ventricular genes, thereby promoting the acquisition of an atrial cardiomyocyte cell fate. To achieve this, RA coordinates a complex regulatory network of downstream effectors that is not fully identified. To address this gap, we applied a functional genomics approach (i.e scRNAseq and snATACseq) to untreated and RA-treated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived CPCs. Unbiased analysis revealed that the Hippo effectors YAP1 and TEAD4 are integrated with the atrial transcription factor enhancer network, and that YAP1 is necessary for activation of RA-enhancers in CPCs. Furthermore, in vivo analysis of control and conditionally YAP1 KO mouse embryos (Sox2-cre) revealed that the expression of atrial lineage genes, such as NR2F2, is compromised by YAP1 deletion in the CPCs of the second heart field. Accordingly, we found that YAP1 is required for the formation of an atrial chamber but is dispensable for the formation of a ventricle, in hESC-derived patterned cardiac organoids. Overall, our findings revealed that YAP1 is a non-canonical effector of RA signaling essential for the acquisition of atrial lineages during cardiogenesis.
The replication principle revisited: a shared functional organization between pulvinar-cortical and cortico-cortical connectivity and its structural and molecular imaging correlates
Authors: Basile Gianpaolo Antonio , Ielo Augusto , Bonanno Lilla , Cerasa Antonio , Santoro Giuseppe , Milardi Demetrio , Anastasi Giuseppe Pio , Torre Ambra , Baldari Sergio , Laudicella Riccardo , Gaeta Michele , Quartu Marina , Serra Maria Pina , Trucas Marcello , Quartarone Angelo , Saranathan Manojkumar , Cacciola Alberto
Published: July 2024

The pulvinar, the largest nucleus in the human thalamus, is a complex, highly interconnected structure. Through a dense, organized network of cortical and subcortical areas, it provides adequate cooperation between neural systems, which is crucial for multiple high-order functions such as perception, visuospatial attention, and emotional processing. Such a central role is made possible by a precise internal topographical organization, which is mirrored by anatomical connections as well as by the expression of neurochemical markers. While being traditionally subdivided into sub-nuclei, each characterized by distinct connectional and morphological features, recent studies in both primate and human brains have highlighted that this topographical organization only marginally aligns with the conventional histological subdivision. Instead, it has been delineated in the context of continuous gradients of cortical connections along the dorsoventral and mediolateral axes. While this multi-gradient organization has been extensively documented in primate models, it remains relatively underexplored in the human brain. The present work combines high-quality, multi-modal structural and functional imaging data with a recently published whole-brain, large-scale, positron emission tomography (PET) atlas detailing 19 neurotransmitters and receptors distributed across the human brain. By applying diffusion embedding analysis to tractography, functional connectivity, and receptor coexpression data, we identify and characterize multiple topographically organized gradients of structural connections, functional coactivation, and molecular binding patterns. We demonstrate that such gradients converge on a shared representation along the dorsoventral and mediolateral axes of the human pulvinar. This representation aligns with transitions in both structural and functional connectivity, spanning from lower-level to higher-order cortical regions. Moreover, it is paralleled by gradual changes in the expression of molecular markers associated with key neuromodulator systems, including serotoninergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and opioid systems. Our findings represent a significant step forward in understanding pulvinar anatomy and function, offering an exploratory framework to investigate the role of this structure in both health and disease.
Earthquakelike dynamics in ultrathin magnetic films
Authors: Durin Gianfranco , Schimmenti Vincenzo Maria , Baiesi Marco , Casiraghi Arianna , Magni Alessandro , Herrera-Diez Liza , Ravelosona Dafiné , Foini Laura , Rosso Alberto
Published: July 2024

We study the motion of a domain wall on an ultrathin magnetic film using the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). Our measurements were conducted at magnetic fields approximately 2% of the depinning field where the wall creeps only via thermal activation over the pinning centers present in the sample. Our results show that this creep dynamics is highly intermittent and correlated. A localized instability triggers a cascade, akin to aftershocks following a large earthquake, where the pinned wall undergoes large reorganizations in a compact active region for a few seconds. The analysis of their scale-free statistics enables us to solve an intricate, long-standing problem: thermal avalanches exist in the creep regime and they are depinning-like even for very low magnetic field. Moreover, we show that their sizes and shapes belong to the depinning quenched Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Nonextensivity and temperature fluctuations of the Higgs boson production
Authors: Rosales Herrera D. , Alvarado García J. R. , Fernández Téllez A. , Ramírez J. E. , Pajares C.
Published: July 2024

We determine the temperature fluctuations associated with the Higgs boson pT spectrum through the derivation of the string tension distribution corresponding to the QCD-based Hagedorn function, frequently used to fit the transverse momentum distribution (TMD). The identified string tension fluctuations are heavy tailed, behaving similarly to the q-Gaussian distribution. After the convolution with the Schwinger mechanism, both approaches correctly describe the entire TMD. This approach leads to the nonthermal description of the particle production in ultrarelativistic pp collisions. By analyzing the data of pp collisions at s=13 TeV, we found that the average temperature associated with the Higgs boson differential cross section is around 85 times greater than the estimated value for the charged particle TMD. Our results show that the Higgs boson production exhibits the largest deviation from the thermal description.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Neutrino rate predictions for FASER
Authors: Abraham Roshan Mammen , Anders John , Antel Claire , Ariga Akitaka , Ariga Tomoko , Atkinson Jeremy , Bernlochner Florian U. , Boeckh Tobias , Boyd Jamie , Brenner Lydia , Burger Angela , Cadoux Franck , Cardella Roberto , Casper David W. , Cavanagh Charlotte , Chen Xin , Coccaro Andrea , Débieux Stephane , D’Onofrio Monica , Desai Ansh , Dmitrievsky Sergey , Eley Sinead , Favre Yannick , Fellers Deion , Feng Jonathan L. , Fenoglio Carlo Alberto , Ferrere Didier , Fieg Max , Filali Wissal , Gibson Stephen , Gonzalez-Sevilla Sergio , Gornushkin Yuri , Gwilliam Carl , Hayakawa Daiki , Hsu Shih-Chieh , Hu Zhen , Iacobucci Giuseppe , Inada Tomohiro , Iodice Luca , Jakobsen Sune , Joos Hans , Kajomovitz Enrique , Kawahara Hiroaki , Keyken Alex , Kling Felix , Köck Daniela , Kontaxakis Pantelis , Kose Umut , Kotitsa Rafaella , Kuehn Susanne , Kugathasan Thanushan , Lefebvre Helena , Levinson Lorne , Li Ke , Liu Jinfeng , Lutz Margaret S. , MacDonald Jack , Magliocca Chiara , Martinelli Fulvio , McCoy Lawson , McFayden Josh , Medina Andrea Pizarro , Milanesio Matteo , Moretti Théo , Munker Magdalena , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Nakano Toshiyuki , Neuhaus Friedemann , Nevay Laurie , Ohashi Ken , Otono Hidetoshi , Pang Hao , Paolozzi Lorenzo , Petersen Brian , Prim Markus , Queitsch-Maitland Michaela , Rokujo Hiroki , Ruiz-Choliz Elisa , Rubbia André , Sabater-Iglesias Jorge , Sato Osamu , Scampoli Paola , Schmieden Kristof , Schott Matthias , Sfyrla Anna , Shamim Mansoora , Shively Savannah , Takubo Yosuke , Tarannum Noshin , Theiner Ondrej , Torrence Eric , Vasina Svetlana , Vormwald Benedikt , Wang Di , Wang Yuxiao , Welch Eli , Zahorec Samuel , Zambito Stefano , Zhang Shunliang ,   FASER Collaboration
Published: July 2024

The Forward Search Experiment (FASER) at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has recently directly detected the first collider neutrinos. Neutrinos play an important role in all FASER analyses, either as signal or background, and it is therefore essential to understand the neutrino event rates. In this study, we update previous simulations and present prescriptions for theoretical predictions of neutrino fluxes and cross sections, together with their associated uncertainties. With these results, we discuss the potential for possible measurements that could be carried out in the coming years with the FASER neutrino data to be collected in LHC Run 3 and Run 4.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Anatomy of critical fluctuations in hadronic matter
Authors: Marczenko Michał
Published: July 2024

Critical phenomena in phase transitions of strongly interacting matter, governed by quantum chromodynamics, are inherently encoded in the fluctuations of conserved charges. In this work, we study the net-baryon number density fluctuations, including the lowest-lying nucleon and the baryonic resonance Δ(1232), based on the parity doublet model in the mean-field approximation. We focus on the qualitative features of the second-order susceptibility of the net-baryon number density in dense hadronic matter and how the inclusion of Δ(1232) affects it. We demonstrate that the fluctuations of the individual baryons do not necessarily reflect the total net-baryon number fluctuations at finite density, due to the nontrivial correlations between different particle species. Our results highlight the role of baryonic correlations in the interpretation of data from heavy ion collision experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Atomic probe of dark matter differential interactions with subatomic particles
Authors: Rosenzweig Yossi , Kats Yevgeny , Givon Menachem , Japha Yonathan , Folman Ron
Published: July 2024

Searching for physics beyond the Standard Model is one of the main tasks of experimental physics. Candidates for dark matter include axionlike ultralight bosonic particles. Comagnetometers form ultrahigh sensitivity probes for such particles and any exotic field that interacts with the spin of an atom. Here, we propose a multiatom-species probe that enables one not only to discover such fields and measure their spectrum but also to determine the ratios of their coupling strengths to the subatomic particles—electrons, neutrons, and protons. We further show that the multifaceted capabilities of this probe can be demonstrated with synthetic exotic fields generated by a combination of regular magnetic fields and light-induced fictitious magnetic fields in alkali atoms. These synthetic fields also enable the accurate calibration of any magnetometer or comagnetometer probe for exotic physics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Gravitational chiral anomaly at finite temperature and density
Authors: Corianò Claudio , Cretì Mario , Lionetti Stefano , Tommasi Riccardo
Published: July 2024

We investigate the gravitational anomaly vertex ⟨TTJ5⟩ (graviton—graviton—axial current) under conditions of finite density and temperature. Through a direct analysis of perturbative contributions, we demonstrate that neither finite temperature nor finite fermion density affects the gravitational chiral anomaly. These results find application in several contexts, from topological materials to the early Universe plasma. They affect the decay of any axion or axionlike particle into gravitational waves, in very dense and hot environments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Active shape control by plants in dynamic environments
Authors: Oliveri Hadrien , Moulton Derek E. , Harrington Heather A. , Goriely Alain
Published: July 2024

Plants are a paradigm for active shape control in response to stimuli. For instance, it is well known that a tilted plant will eventually straighten vertically, demonstrating the influence of both an external stimulus, gravity, and an internal stimulus, proprioception. These effects can be modulated when a potted plant is additionally rotated along the plant's axis, as in a rotating clinostat, leading to intricate shapes. We use a previously derived rod model to study the response of a growing plant and the joint effects of both stimuli at all rotation speeds. In the absence of rotation, we identify a universal planar shape towards which all shoots eventually converge. With rotation, we demonstrate the existence of a stable family of three-dimensional dynamic equilibria where the plant axis is fixed in space. Further, the effect of axial growth is to induce steady behaviors, such as solitary waves. Overall, this study offers insight into the complex out-of-equilibrium dynamics of a plant in three dimensions and further establishes that internal stimuli in active materials are key for robust shape control.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Successful Freeze-Out of Strongly Interacting Dark Matter with Even-Numbered Interactions
Authors: Chu Xiaoyong , Nikolic Marco , Pradler Josef
Published: July 2024

Strongly interacting massive particles π have been advocated as prominent dark matter candidates when they regulate their relic abundance through odd-numbered 3π→2π annihilation. We show that successful freeze-out may also be achieved through interactions XX→ππ once bound states X among the particles of the low-energy spectrum exist. In addition, X-formation hosts the potential of also odd-numbered 3π→2π annihilation processes, turning them into effective two-body processes

π

X

→

π

π

. Bound states are often a natural consequence of strongly interacting theories. We calculate the dark matter freeze-out and comment on the cosmic viability and possible extensions. Candidate theories can encompass confining sectors without a mass gap, glueball dark matter, or ϕ3 and ϕ4 theories with strong Yukawa or self-interactions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
First Scan Search for Dark Photon Dark Matter with a Tunable Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavity
Authors: Tang Zhenxing , Wang Bo , Chen Yifan , Zeng Yanjie , Li Chunlong , Yang Yuting , Feng Liwen , Sha Peng , Mi Zhenghui , Pan Weimin , Zhang Tianzong , Jin Yirong , Hao Jiankui , Lin Lin , Wang Fang , Xie Huamu , Huang Senlin , Shu Jing ,   SHANHE Collaboration
Published: July 2024

Dark photons have emerged as promising candidates for dark matter, and their search is a top priority in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. We report the first use of a tunable niobium superconducting radio-frequency cavity for a scan search of dark photon dark matter with innovative data analysis techniques. We mechanically adjusted the resonant frequency of a cavity submerged in liquid helium at a temperature of 2 K, and scanned the dark photon mass over a frequency range of 1.37 MHz centered at 1.3 GHz. Our study leveraged the superconducting radio-frequency cavity’s remarkably high quality factors of approximately 1010, resulting in the most stringent constraints to date on a substantial portion of the exclusion parameter space on the kinetic mixing coefficient ε between dark photons and electromagnetic photons, yielding a value of ε<2.2×10−16.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Platform tailored codesign of gate-based quantum simulation
Authors: Seetharam Kushal , Sels Dries , Demler Eugene
Published: July 2024

The utility of near-term quantum computers and simulators is likely to rely upon software-hardware codesign, with error-aware algorithms and protocols optimized for the platforms they are run on. Here, we show how knowledge of noise in a system can be exploited to improve the design of gate-based quantum simulation algorithms. We demonstrate this codesign in the context of a trapped ion quantum simulation of the dynamics of a Heisenberg spin model. Specifically, we derive a theoretical noise model describing unitary gate errors due to heating of the ions' collective motion, finding that the temporal correlations in the noise induce an optimal gate depth. We then illustrate how tailored feedforward control, best applied at this optimum, can be used to partially mitigate unitary gate errors and improve the simulation outcome. Our results provide a practical guide to the codesign of gate-based quantum simulation algorithms.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Evolution of elliptical SAXS patterns in aligned systems
Authors: Murthy N. Sanjeeva , Grubb David T.
Published: July 2024

Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS) patterns from certain semicrystalline polymers and liquid crystals contain discrete reflections from ordered assemblies and central diffuse scattering (CDS) from uncorrelated structures. Systems with imperfectly ordered lamellar structures aligned by stretching or by a magnetic field produce four distinct SAXS patterns: two-point `banana', four-point pattern, four-point `eyebrow' and four-point `butterfly'. The peak intensities of the reflections lie not on a layer line, or the arc of a circle, but on an elliptical trajectory. Modeling shows that randomly placed lamellar stacks modified by chain slip and stack rotation or interlamellar shear can create these forms. On deformation, the isotropic CDS becomes an equatorial streak with an oval, diamond or two-bladed propeller shape, which can be analyzed by separation into isotropic and oriented components. The streak has elliptical intensity contours, a natural consequence of the imperfect alignment of the elongated scattering objects. Both equatorial streaks and two- and four-point reflections can be fitted in elliptical coordinates with relatively few parameters. Equatorial streaks can be analyzed to obtain the size and orientation of voids, fibrils or surfaces. Analyses of the lamellar reflection yield lamellar spacing, stack orientation (interlamellar shear) angle α and chain slip angle ϕ, as well as the size distribution of the lamellar stacks. Currently available computational tools allow these microstructural parameters to be rapidly refined.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of two iHOFs based on CH...NC hydrogen bonding
Authors: Qin Qiaoqi , Liu Jiamin , Luan Xinyu , Xu Jianqiao , Jiang Long
Published: July 2024

Two ionic hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (iHOFs) assembled from 4-cyano-N-(4-cyanobenzyl)pyridinium, have been crystallized with Br− and antimony(III) pentabromide, [SbBr5]2−, as counter-ions and characterized. These are 4-cyano-N-(4-cyanobenzyl)pyridinium bromide, C14H10N3
+·Br−, and bis[4-cyano-N-(4-cyanobenzyl)pyridinium] antimony(III) pentabromide, (C14H10N3)2[SbBr5]. The CH...NC interactions induced by templating anions construct disparate frameworks. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicated that these crystals exhibit two types of hydrogen-bonding interactions, specifically CH...NC and CH...Br. Consecutive reverse-parallel CH...NC hydrogen-bonding interactions in these crystals induced the formation of a large number of CH...NC bonds which exhibit both cis and trans configurations.
Matching competency frameworks with job advertisements: a data-driven analysis of its practical application in the healthcare sector
Authors: Herold Marcel , Roedenbeck Marc
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Competency-based human resource management (CBHRM) is a key component of all organisations but needs to be regularly reviewed and evaluated to ensure the quality of healthcare professionals. One common taxonomy of competency domains for health professions is from Englander et al., where this paper aims to conduct a large-scale analysis based on topic modelling to investigate the extent to which the competency framework for the healthcare sector is applied in the German job market of health professions.

Design/methodology/approach

The quantitative NLP analysis of a dataset consisting of 3,362 online job advertisements of nurses and doctors was scraped from a German job portal. The data was pre-processed according to Miner et al. For the analysis, the authors applied unsupervised (e.g. HDP, LDA) and supervised (BERTopic) methods and content analysis. Based on the extracted topics a word list was created and these words were coded to existing dimensions of the competency framework of Englander et al. or new dimensions were created.

Findings

Comparing methodologies, HDP (unsupervised) and BERTopic (supervised) were the best performing while the BERTopic algorithm outperforms HDP. For the doctor dataset 46% of one main dimension was identified but with an overall coverage of 69%, for the care dataset is weaker with 30.8% but an overall coverage of 100%. Additionally, the taxonomy was enhanced with supplementary competencies of “personality/characteristics” and “leadership” as well as two facets of job description which are “place of work” and “job conditions”.

Originality/value

On the one hand selected dimensions of the taxonomy could be clearly identified but on the other hand, there is a documented gap between the taxonomy and the competencies advertised. One cause may lie in the NLP algorithms but applicants may also have the same difficulties when reading the OJAs. Thus, practitioners should carefully review OJAs regarding better separating explicit competencies they are searching for. For the scientific development of new competency frameworks, our data-driven approach exemplified an extension of a given taxonomy.
Convective heat transfer with Hall current using magnetized non-Newtonian Carreau fluid model on the cilia-attenuated flow
Authors: Ishtiaq Fehid , Ellahi R. , Bhatti M.M. , Sait Sadiq M.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Cilia serves numerous biological functions in the human body. Malfunctioning of nonmotile or motile cilia will have different kinds of consequences for human health. More specifically, the directed and rhythmic beat of motile cilia facilitates the unidirectional flow of fluids that are crucial in both homeostasis and the development of ciliated tissues. In cilia-dependent hydrodynamic flows, tapering geometries look a lot like the structure of biological pathways and vessels, like airways and lymphatic vessels. In this paper, the Carreau fluid model through the cilia-assisted tapered channel (asymmetric) under the influence of induced magnetic field and convective heat transfer is investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

Lubrication theory is a key player in the mathematical formulation of momentum, magnetic field and energy equations. The formulated nonlinear and coupled differential equations are solved with the aid of the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The graphical results are illustrated with the help of the computational software “Mathematica.”

Findings

The impact of diverse emerging physical parameters on velocity, induced magnetic field, pressure rise, current density and temperature profiles is presented graphically. It is observed that the cilia length parameter supported the velocity and current density profiles, while the Hartman number and Weissenberg number were opposed. A promising effect of emerging parameters on streamlines is also perceived.

Originality/value

The study provides novel aspects of cilia-driven induced magnetohydrodynamics flow of Carreau fluid under the influence of induced magnetic field and convective heat transfer through the asymmetric tapered channel.
Fraud awareness, information accountability and sustainable competitive advantage: governance moderation and capacity for accessing financing mediation
Authors: Tarjo Tarjo , Anggono Alexander , Haryadi Bambang , Mahya Lummatul , Sakti Eklamsia , Said Jamaliah
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to empirically test the influence of fraud awareness, information accountability and capacity for accessing financing on sustainable competitive advantage. Furthermore, this research examines the influence of fraud awareness and information accountability on sustainable competitive advantage through capacity for accessing financing. Finally, this research examines the influence of governance as a moderator of fraud awareness and information accountability on capacity for accessing financing.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses quantitative methods. Researchers collected data by distributing questionnaires to tourism destination operators. This research used tourist destinations in Indonesia and obtained 506 samples. The data analysis technique uses SEM-PLS.

Findings

This research finds that fraud awareness, information accountability and the capacity for accessing financing increase sustainable competitive advantage. Furthermore, the capacity for accessing financing can mediate the influence of fraud awareness and information accountability on sustainable competitive advantage. Finally, governance strengthens the influence of fraud awareness and information accountability on the capacity for accessing financing.

Research limitations/implications

Research limitations are the difficulty accessing all tourist destinations in Indonesia and difficulty controlling respondent answer bias.

Practical implications

Practical implications are increasing the ability of tourist destinations to compete, helping to increase funding sources, good governance and information accountability.

Social implications

Apart from that, the main implication of this research is to increase fraud awareness and reduce fraud so that tourist destinations can achieve their goals.

Originality/value

The gap lies in previous research, which was unaware of the existence of fraud, which could damage the ability of tourist destinations to compete. Therefore, this research adds the fraud awareness variable. Besides, this study develops a different and unique model because it combines mediation and moderation variables into one research model.
The education crisis and school dropout prevention strategies of teachers in Cameroon
Authors: Souley Timothy , Abubaka Ishmael
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This article explores the education crisis in Cameroon, focusing on the personal experiences of teachers and the strategies they employ to reduce school dropout during the transitional phase from primary to secondary education.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a teacher training programme, 31 interviews with primary and secondary school teachers were conducted. An exploratory research design with an inductive thematic approach was used to identify themes and establish code categories. This design allowed for flexibility in investigating contextual crisis factors by eliciting interpersonal stories and exploring the dynamics of each case.

Findings

Three types of dropout prevention strategies – either standalone or mixed – are identified, depending on network, opportunity or service factors. Network-based strategies are considered the most effective and popular, as school dropout is largely influenced by students’ social backgrounds, and teachers remain key players in community life. Lies and fictional narratives, through opportunity- or service-based strategies, create dishonesty and unrealistic expectations regarding final education outcomes. Each type of strategy has significant limitations due to the highly fragmented education system in the country.

Originality/value

The article reveals that school dropout prevention in Cameroon is hampered significantly by education disorganisation. Teachers’ individual practices are insufficient to convey the actual value of education and reverse dropout decisions made after careful consideration. A national pedagogy plan is needed to ensure continuity.
Understanding and studying value as a duality
Authors: Dole Gregory , Duxbury Linda
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To cope successfully with the pressures imposed by a devastating pandemic and other challenges, companies and policymakers need to look at how they conceptualize, define, measure and operationalize “value”. This paper aims to support this conversation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents a historical review of how the value construct has been conceptualized over time, demonstrating that its history is one of tension and debate with conceptualizations swinging between objective (i.e. the value of something exists independent of the observers) and subjective (i.e. the value of something depends on the personal response of the observer to what is being considered) views over time.

Findings

This paper outlines the implications to researchers of value’s low construct clarity, offering suggestions designed to exploit rather than ignore the duality of the value construct. Instead of thinking of the value construct as being subjective or objective, this study recommends that scholars consider value’s objectivity and subjectivity as being interrelated and complementary. The paper recommends that researchers use both quantitative and qualitative methodologies in studying this construct.

Research limitations/implications

A major limitation of this paper is the word count limitation restricting the extent to which this paper could explore a more comprehensive list of the conceptualizations of value throughout history.

Practical implications

This paper presents practitioners with a nuanced understanding of value that should assist those interested in examining the worth of investments with observable expenses but less quantifiable outputs.

Originality/value

The authors have not found a similar analysis of the various conceptualizations of value.
Brand equity and financial performance: an institutional view
Authors: Cheng Bilu , Hou Siyu
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of brand equity on corporate financial performance across various institutional factors in China, encompassing macro (regional economic development and product market development), meso (industry uncertainty), and micro (CEO overseas experience) levels.

Design/methodology/approach

Using archival data related to Chinese listed companies, this study employs standard error combined with fixed effect regression for model estimation to empirically evaluate the impact of brand equity on financial performance (Tobin’s q) and its boundary effects.

Findings

This study reveals that in China, the influence of brand equity on Tobin’s q isn’t significant. However, when considering institutional factors across various levels, its impact becomes significant. Specifically, the positive effect of brand equity on Tobin’s q in China is more pronounced in regions with higher economic or product market development, industries with high uncertainty, or when the CEO has overseas experience.

Research limitations/implications

This study enriches the brand-related marketing literature in China and highlights the potential underperformance of brand equity within this context. Furthermore, this study advances the integration of resource-based view with institutional theory by combining brand equity with institutional factors at the macro-, meso-, and micro-level in China.

Originality/value

This study focuses on brand performance in China, the largest emerging market, emphasizing the importance of integrating brand equity with diverse institutional factors to amplify its beneficial influence on financial performance.
Developing individual capability in organizations through the promotion of heutagogy
Authors: Stoten David William
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to address the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 4 “quality education” through the adoption of heutagogic ideas in improving work-based learning for individuals.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper locates a discussion of heutagogy within the wider context of vocational and higher education, as well as through reference to the theoretical discourse on learning theory.

Findings

Heutagogy is concerned with the development of individual capability through the creation of a learner-determined curriculum that is attuned to professional goals. Organizations that adopt heutagogic approaches enhance corporate adaptiveness through personalized learning.

Originality/value

This briefing provides the reader with an accessible insight into both the individual and organizational benefits of adopting heutagogic ideas in professional development. As organizations confront an increasingly uncertain external environment, this paper offers an insight into how to develop individual capability.
Jewish Archives in the UK
Authors: Kushner Tony , Robson Karen
Published: July 2024

As the longest established non‐Christian minority group in the UK, the history of Jewish archives in this country has a particular significance. Following the readmission of the Jews to England in the 1650s, Jewish created archives exist, though through communal neglect and the blitz they are uneven in coverage until the later eighteenth century. Only by the end of the nineteenth century were conscious efforts made by British Jewry to preserve its own heritage. Our chapter focuses on the formal efforts post‐1945 to locate, collect and preserve Jewish archives from slow and uncertain beginnings to the situation in the first decades of the 20 first century when there are major collections of Jewish archives in the University of Southampton and the London Metropolitan Archives, successful local and regional initiatives, as well as projects enabling a more inclusive Jewish archive such as that of the Liberal Synagogue's Rainbow Jews to document and record the LGBTQ+ experience. It concludes that Jewish archive preservation in the UK is a story more of success than failure.