bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who do you think they are? An exploratory analysis of face-based impressions formed by cisgender, transgender and gender nonbinary individuals.
Authors: Fasoli Fabio , Divine Ivvy , Hopkins-Doyle Aífe
Published: October 2023

Background Individuals make first impressions of others based on how they look. Facial cues trigger gender social categorisation and elicit gender stereotyping. However, it remains unclear to what extent such impressions are influenced by the perceivers’ gender identity and gender beliefs. Methods We recruited cisgender and transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) participants (N = 195). Participants were shown three morphed faces (prototypical male versus. prototypical female versus. androgynous) and, for each target, were asked to create a sentence describing their first impression. To do so, they had to choose from a list of pronouns, professions, and personality traits. Participants also reported how confident they were in their first impression and rated the gender of the targets. Results Results showed that overall participants perceived the prototypical male target as masculine while both the prototypical female and androgynous targets were seen as feminine. Participants also felt more confident when forming an impression about the prototypical male target. Further, impressions were influenced by perceivers’ gender identity. Cisgender participants formed stronger stereotypical impressions of the prototypical male and female target than TGNB participants. In particular, cisgender participants were more likely to use masculine pronouns for the prototypical male target and more feminine pronouns for the prototypical female target, but less neutral pronouns for the androgynous target, than TGNB participants. The difference is pronoun use was mediated by cisgender participants stronger endorsement of gender binary beliefs. Conclusions These findings provide new insights into face-based stereotyping and show the importance of considering different stereotype components and individual differences such as gender identity and beliefs.
Role of due diligence in business takeover
Authors: Vochozka Marek , Máška Jiří , Kovač Vilém
Published: October 2023

Motivation: The topic of the article is of paramount importance in today’s ever-evolving business landscape. As companies strive to expand their operations and stay ahead of the competition, mergers and acquisitions have become a popular strategy. However, the risks and complexities associated with these transactions cannot be overlooked. Understanding the role of due diligence is essential for any organization considering a business takeover. It serves as a powerful tool to uncover potential risks, assess the viability of the transaction, and make well-informed decisions. By conducting a thorough due diligence process, companies can identify financial discrepancies, legal liabilities, operational inefficiencies, and hidden risks that may impact the success of the transaction.Aim: The goal of the research was to analyze to what extent is the resulting value of a business is affected by improperly performed due diligence. The method used for data collection was in-debt literature research based on the Web of Science database. Subsequent content analysis was used to identify the 10 most common errors that can occur during the process of due diligence. The following research used the data obtained from answering the first research question with. Ishikawa fishbone diagram was used as a specific method of causal analysis.Results: The main findings include the identification of the most common errors occurring during the performance of due diligence, such as wrong financial analysis, incomplete financial accounts, Incomplete accounting statements, or adjusting entries for receivables. The main causes include excessive work pressure on auditors, past due receivables, poor supplier vetting, or failure to document the application of prices. The research is beneficial for auditors or audited companies so that they could avoid such errors. However, there are also several limitations as it is very time and cost-consuming to deal with due diligence on a company-by-company basis. Also, the application of Ishikawa fishbone diagram and brainstorming prior to diagram depends on the number of experts involve. Another limitation is that the research results applied under current accounting legislation only, and there are different laws and regulations in different countries.
Brain Tumour Related Headache: Features, Pathophysiology and Management Strategies
Authors: Doruch Patrycja , Senger Michał , Rogacka-Pyrak Karolina , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Brain tumours constitute approximately 1% of all newly diagnosed cancers. Their manifestation typically involves headache, neurological impairment, focal onset seizures and syndromes related to tumour location. Severe headache presents as a prevailing symptom and occurs in over 50% of patients. Brain tumour associated headache exerts significant effect on quality of life in cancer patients. The following article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of most common and promising brain tumour related headache treatment strategies.

State of knowledge. Headache in brain tumour patients arises from traction or displacement of intracranial pain-sensitive structures, such as vascular tissue, dura mater or periosteum. This can be caused by tumour’s mass itself, by tumour associated oedema or as a sequela of anti-tumour treatment. Most common therapeutic modalities include tumour surgical resection, cerebral oedema management, radiotherapeutic interventions and administration of analgesic agents. Complete removal of the tumour stands as the most effective approach, often bringing substantial alleviation in majority of cases.

Conclusion. Headache affects the majority of individuals afflicted by brain tumours. Not all patients are suitable candidates for the resection of the underlying neoplasm. In such instances, the application of alternative approaches might be beneficial. Ongoing and future investigations may enhance the development of novel treatment strategies, possibly influencing the well-being of cancer patients, especially within palliative care area.
Current innovative treatments of obesity
Authors: Wach Damian , Głaz Aneta , Wiśniewska Jolanta , Radziejowska Zuzanna
Published: October 2023

Obesity is a complex and pervasive chronic health concern with multifaceted origins in which abnormal or excessive fat accumulation worsens health, increases the risk of long-term medical complications and shortens life expectancy. It is associated with type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease. More than 603.7 million adults are estimated to be obese. The cause of obesity is a long-term energy imbalance caused by a combination of increased energy intake and decreased energy expenditure.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of modern obesity treatments such as intermittent fasting, semaglutide and surgical interventions. Intermittent fasting involves voluntary periods of restricted or zero caloric intake at specified intervals. However, research results on the effectiveness of this dietary strategy are conflicting. The findings indicate that incorporating physical exercise can further enhance the outcomes of applying this diet. Semaglutide, a GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) analog, has shown efficacy in promoting weight loss among adults and adolescents, along with metabolic and cardiovascular improvements. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a common bariatric procedure, while Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is another option. Long-term studies show that both methods effectively promote weight loss.

In conclusion, obesity is a multifaceted condition that requires a comprehensive treatment approach. Individualized strategies including dietary changes, pharmaceutical interventions such as semaglutide, and surgical options can together contribute to effective weight management and improved health outcomes.
Pedagogika egzystencji w obliczu starzejącego się społeczeństwa
Authors: Orzelska Julita Cecylia
Published: October 2023

Osią narracji tekstu jest uwypuklenie możliwości uzyskania przez człowieka ważnych impulsów rozwojowych, istotnych dla jego egzystencji na każdym etapie życia, nie wykluczając ostatniej jego fazy, dzięki wykorzystaniu wiedzy rozproszonej w rozmaitych obszarach humanistyki i nauk społecznych. Ta rozproszona wiedza winna być wszechstronnie wykorzystywana przez pedagogikę jako naukę szczególnie wyczuloną na oddziaływanie rozwojowe wobec kolejnych pokoleń ludzi w każdej fazie ich życia, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem osób w wieku podeszłym. Świadoma wielowymiarowości egzystencji ludzkiej, pedagogika winna dbać o przyswajanie i przetwarzanie nowych impulsów rozwojowych, koniecznych w każdej fazie ludzkiego życia, nie wykluczając tej ostatniej, czyli starości. Z powodu wielorakich wyzwań egzystencjalnych, przed jakimi staje dziś współczesne społeczeństwo, niezbędna jest refleksja nad tym, czy pedagogika w jej poszczególnych zakresach dyscyplinarnych potrafi podchodzić do człowieka integralnie i czy integralnie rozumie życie ludzkie. Odpowiedzialność za jakość egzystencji człowieka, zarówno młodego, jak i starego każe czerpać inspiracje i „odczytywać” tropy w poprzek dyscyplin naukowych, traktując człowieka integralnie, dbając o życie przeżyte w sposób wartościowy.
Algorithm Aversion: Evidence from Ridesharing Drivers
Authors: Liu Meng , Tang Xiaocheng , Xia Siyuan , Zhang Shuo , Zhu Yuting , Meng Qianying
Published: October 2023

The low rate of adoption by human users often hinders AI algorithms from achieving their intended efficiency gains. This is particularly true for algorithms that prioritize system-wide objectives because they can create misalignment of incentives and cause confusion among potential users. We provide one of the first large-scale field studies on algorithm aversion by leveraging an algorithmic recommendation rollout on a large ridesharing platform. We identify contextual experience and herding as two important factors that explain ridesharing drivers’ aversion to an algorithm that is designed to help drivers make better location choices. Specifically, we find that drivers are less likely to follow the algorithm when the algorithmic recommendation does not align with their past experience at a given location-time unit and when their peers’ actions contradict the algorithmic recommendations. We discuss the managerial implications of these findings.

This paper was accepted by Catherine Tucker, Special Issue on The Human-Algorithm Connection.

Funding: The research at Shanghai Jiaotong University was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72202135, 72110107001, 72231003]. S. Zhang acknowledges the support of Shanghai Pujiang Program [Grant 21PJC070], and Special Fund for Creative Research Groups [Grant 72221001]. Y. Zhu acknowledges the support of National University of Singapore [Grant WBS A-8000489-00-00].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02475 .
The Complexity of Pacing for Second-Price Auctions
Authors: Chen Xi , Kroer Christian , Kumar Rachitesh
Published: October 2023

Budget constraints are ubiquitous in online advertisement auctions. To manage these constraints and smooth out the expenditure across auctions, the bidders (or the platform on behalf of them) often employ pacing: each bidder is assigned a pacing multiplier between zero and one, and her bid on each item is multiplicatively scaled down by the pacing multiplier. This naturally gives rise to a game in which each bidder strategically selects a multiplier. The appropriate notion of equilibrium in this game is known as a pacing equilibrium. In this work, we show that the problem of finding an approximate pacing equilibrium is PPAD-complete for second-price auctions. This resolves an open question of Conitzer et al. [Conitzer V, Kroer C, Sodomka E, Stier-Moses NE (2022a) Multiplicative pacing equilibria in auction markets. Oper. Res. 70(2):963–989]. As a consequence of our hardness result, we show that the tâtonnement-style budget-management dynamics introduced by Borgs et al. [Borgs C, Chayes J, Immorlica N, Jain K, Etesami O, Mahdian M (2007) Dynamics of bid optimization in online advertisement auctions. Proc. 16th Internat. Conf. World Wide Web (ACM, New York), 531–540] are unlikely to converge efficiently for repeated second-price auctions. This disproves a conjecture by Borgs et al. [Borgs C, Chayes J, Immorlica N, Jain K, Etesami O, Mahdian M (2007) Dynamics of bid optimization in online advertisement auctions. Proc. 16th Internat. Conf. World Wide Web (ACM, New York), 531–540], under the assumption that the complexity class PPAD is not equal to P. Our hardness result also implies the existence of a refinement of supply-aware market equilibria which is hard to compute with simple linear utilities.

Funding: This work was supported by National Science Foundation (CCF-1703925, IIS-1838154).
los derechos de la infancia y el papel de las familias en su protección: perspectiva ética y jurídica
Authors: Fernández guerrero Olaya , Martínez lópez María isabel , álvarez terán Remedios , Barbed castrejón Noelia , Suberviola ovejas Iratxe
Published: October 2023

Los derechos de la infancia son de formulación reciente, y hasta el siglo XX no surgen los primeros intentos de reconocerlos y regularlos. Además de revisar los textos jurídicos que formulan y protegen esos derechos a nivel mundial, este estudio promueve una lectura filosófica de los derechos de la infancia y del papel de las familias con respecto a esos derechos. La ética del cuidado proporciona un marco de reflexión muy oportuno para plantear la responsabilidad ética que las familias, y la sociedad en general, tienen hacia los niños y niñas, que son los miembros más vulnerables de la sociedad y los que padecen con mayor crudeza las consecuencias de la pobreza, la migración o los desastres naturales. Este estudio lleva a cabo una revisión crítica sobre los derechos de la infancia y los principales intentos de reconocer y garantizar jurídicamente esos derechos a nivel internacional. Explora también la situación actual de la infancia a nivel mundial, enfatizando las consecuencias negativas de la pandemia de COVID-19 en ese sector vulnerable de la población. Por último, se adopta la perspectiva de la ética del cuidado para analizar las responsabilidades de las familias y el papel de las instituciones y de la sociedad en general hacia la protección de la infancia.
the present and the future of doing philosophy with children
Authors: Petropoulos Georgios
Published: October 2023

This paper is an introduction to the dossier on “the present and the future of doing philosophy with children”, which itself drew inspiration from a conference on the same topic that was held in University College Dublin on the 24th of June 2022. While the conference aimed at building a case for the importance of engaging pre-college students in philosophical thinking, it also aspired to function as a forum where the participants can critically reflect on the practice of doing philosophy with children. The participants were asked to reflect on 1) the ways in which philosophy prepares children to engage with an increasingly complex world; 2) the future challenges of the P4wC movement; 3) the ways in which and the extent to which P4wC practice contributes to the decolonization of childhood discourses; 4) the ways in which and the extent to which the philosophy with children initiative addresses issues of epistemic injustice and educational and social inequalities. Building on the discussions that took place during and after the conference, the authors in this dossier interrogate the hierarchical opposition between child and adult, and cast a critical gaze on adultist assumptions that prevent Philosophy for/with Children initiatives from achieving their full potential.
Lying as a moral choice: an examination of moral reasons for lying in dementia relationships
Authors: Hodel Amy E. , Barron Sarah E. , Miron Anca M.
Published: October 2023

A total of 60 young adults responded to vignettes presenting moral dilemmas experienced in caregiving interactions with a family member with dementia. Four types of reasons for deceiving (or not deceiving) a family member with dementia emerged: care reasons (improving the welfare of the person with dementia), justice reasons (universal principles), care-for-others reasons (protecting the welfare of others), and relationship reasons (maintaining the relationship). Care reasons and care-for-others reasons positively predicted moral decisions to lie, whereas justice reasons and relationship reasons negatively predicted these decisions. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the motives underlying deception in dementia relationships.
Wide field 3D optical profilometry using a diffraction Lloyd’s mirror interferometer
Authors: Rani Monika , Kumar Raj
Published: October 2023

Interference fringe projection is used as a non-contact optical profilometry method for accurate 3D measurements. In interferometric fringe projection schemes, the maximum measurable size of the test object is limited by the optics of the interferometer. In this work, we report the application of a diffraction Lloyd’s mirror interferometer (DLMI) as a wide-field sinusoidal fringe projection system for 3D shape measurement. The DLMI works on diffracted light and therefore generates interference fringes over a large area. This enables measurement of large objects using DLMI as compared to a conventional Lloyd’s mirror interferometer. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated in terms of its stability and reproducibility of the results through measurement of the standard deviation in the phase values.
Improving the beam quality of single-grating spectrally combined fiber lasers with adaptive optics
Authors: Wu Feng-yang , Zhong Sheng , Wang Xun , Dong Li-zhi , Jing Jian-hang , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2023

Spectral combination is promising for diffraction-limited beam quality and single aperture beams. Unfortunately, beamlet deviations, linewidth broadening, and thermal aberrations inevitably degrade the beam quality. Many high-power laser systems integrate adaptive optics systems to maintain beam qualities. However, owing to the nature of incoherent combination, there is no well-defined wavefront in the spectrally combined beam, and whether phase compensations can enhance beam quality has not been discussed yet. We present the feasibility of improving the beam quality of spectral combined fiber lasers by adaptive optics. Simulations indicate that common path aberrations can be effectively corrected by adaptive optics, while beam quality degraded by displacement deviations and linewidth broadening cannot be improved. Additionally, the combined beam could be directly used as the beacon light in the propagation tunnel. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that adaptive optics can improve the beam quality of spectrally combined fiber lasers and enable a further step toward diffraction-limited beam quality.
Descanned fast light targeting (deFLiT) two-photon optogenetics
Authors: Telliez Cecile , De Sars Vincent , Emiliani Valentina , Ronzitti Emiliano
Published: October 2023

Two-photon light-targeting optogenetics allows controlling selected subsets of neurons with near single-cell resolution and high temporal precision. To push forward this approach, we recently proposed a fast light-targeting strategy (FLiT) to rapidly scan multiple holograms tiled on a spatial light modulator (SLM). This allowed generating sub-ms timely-controlled switch of light patterns enabling to reduce the power budget for multi-target excitation and increase the temporal precision for relative spike tuning in a circuit. Here, we modified the optical design of FLiT by including a de-scan unit (deFLiT) to keep the holographic illumination centered at the middle of the objective pupil independently of the position of the tiled hologram on the SLM. This enables enlarging the number of usable holograms and reaching extended on-axis excitation volumes, and therefore increasing even further the power gain and temporal precision of conventional FLiT.
Compressed sensing of human breast optical coherence 3-D image volume data using predictive coding
Authors: Song Cho Diego M. , Jerome Manuel J. , Hendon Christine P.
Published: October 2023

There are clinical needs for optical coherence tomography (OCT) of large areas within a short period of time, such as imaging resected breast tissue for the evaluation of cancer. We report on the use of denoising predictive coding (DN-PC), a novel compressed sensing (CS) algorithm for reconstruction of OCT volumes of human normal breast and breast cancer tissue. The DN-PC algorithm has been rewritten to allow for computational parallelization and efficient memory transfer, resulting in a net reduction of computation time by a factor of 20. We compress image volumes at decreasing A-line sampling rates to evaluate a relation between reconstruction behavior and image features of breast tissue.
Diffraction-free distance enhancement of Bessel beams based on spatial domain phase modulation
Authors: Lyu Chengming , Zhang Yiqi , Belić Milivoj R. , Li Yongdong , Kang Yongfeng
Published: October 2023

Bessel beams have garnered significant interest due to their unique diffraction-free properties and extensive potential applications. In this work, we propose a spatial domain phase modulation theory to achieve diffraction-free distance enhancement of Bessel beams, overcoming the limitation of the traditional methods due to the inability to infinitely decrease the wave vector angle. The traditional formula for non-diffraction distance is also modified. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme can significantly increase the maximum diffraction-free distance of zero-order and higher-order Bessel beams by more than two times, while ensuring the self-healing property of Bessel beams. Furthermore, our proposed scheme is not restricted to specific systems or limited to the optical wavelength range. This implies that the results have great applicative potential in long-distance free-space optical communication and wireless energy transmission.
High-throughput imaging through dynamic scattering media based on speckle de-blurring
Authors: Zhang Wenjun , Zhu Shuo , Liu Lingfeng , Bai Lianfa , Han Jing , Guo Enlai
Published: October 2023

Effectively imaging through dynamic scattering media is of great importance and challenge. Some imaging methods based on physical or learning models have been designed for object reconstruction. However, with an increase in exposure time or more drastic changes in the scattering medium, the speckle pattern superimposed during camera integration time undergoes more significant changes, resulting in a modification of the collected speckle structure and increased blurring, which brings significant challenges to the reconstruction. Here, the clearer structural information of blurred speckles is unearthed with a presented speckle de-blurring algorithm, and a high-throughput imaging method through rapidly changing scattering media is proposed for reconstruction under long exposure. For the problem of varying blur degrees in different regions of the speckle, a block-based method is proposed to divide the speckle into distinct sub-speckles, which can realize the reconstruction of hidden objects. The imaging of hidden objects with different complexity through dynamic scattering media is demonstrated, and the reconstruction results are improved significantly for speckles with different blur degrees, which verifies the effectiveness of the method. This method is a high-throughput approach that enables non-invasive imaging solely through the collection of a single speckle. It directly operates on blurred speckles, making it suitable for traditional speckle-correlation methods and deep learning (DL) methods. This provides a new way of thinking about solving practical scattering imaging challenges.
Hybrid silicon-organic Huygens’ metasurface for phase modulation
Authors: Mason Sydney , Benea-Chelmus Ileana-Cristina
Published: October 2023

Spatial light modulators have desirable applications in sensing and free space communication because they create an interface between the optical and electronic realms. Electro-optic modulators allow for high-speed intensity manipulation of an electromagnetic wavefront. However, most surfaces of this sort pose limitations due to their ability to modulate intensity rather than phase. Here we investigate an electro-optic modulator formed from a silicon-organic Huygens’ metasurface. In a simulation-based study, we discover a metasurface design immersed in high-performance electro-optic molecules that can achieve near-full resonant transmission with phase coverage over the full 2π range. Through the electro-optic effect, we show 140∘ (0.79π) modulation over a range of -100 to 100 V at 1330 nm while maintaining near-constant transmitted field intensity (between 0.66 and 0.8). These results potentiate the fabrication of a high-speed spatial light modulator with the resolved parameters.
System-level noise performance of coherent imaging systems
Authors: Burrell Derek J. , Follansbee Joshua H. , Spencer Mark F. , Driggers Ronald G.
Published: October 2023

We provide an in-depth analysis of noise considerations in coherent imaging, accounting for speckle and scintillation in addition to “conventional” image noise. Specifically, we formulate closed-form expressions for total effective noise in the presence of speckle only, scintillation only, and speckle combined with scintillation. We find analytically that photon shot noise is uncorrelated with both speckle and weak-to-moderate scintillation, despite their shared dependence on the mean signal. Furthermore, unmitigated speckle and scintillation noise tends to dominate coherent-imaging performance due to a squared mean-signal dependence. Strong coupling occurs between speckle and scintillation when both are present, and we characterize this behavior by fitting a scale factor capable of generating variances in closed form. We verify each of these claims through a series of wave-optics simulations, and we see strong agreement in general between numerical results and theoretical predictions. Our findings allow us to confidently gauge signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) expectations when active illumination produces coherent noise.
Rayleigh scattering-based single mode-graded index multimode-coreless fiber structure for distributed liquid detection
Authors: Du Yang , Ye Chao
Published: October 2023

Liquid sensing is crucial in numerous industrial contexts, from chemical processing to power transformers, ensuring safety and operational optimization. While electrochemical liquid sensors are common, they pose safety risks, especially when monitoring hazardous liquids. Optical fiber sensors, with advantages like immunity to electromagnetic fields and resistance to chemical corrosion, present a safer alternative. These sensors are primarily used for detecting pipeline oil leakages and liquid level sensing. However, current sensors face challenges in detecting liquid spills across multiple locations and require improved spatial resolution. This paper presents what we believe to be a novel single mode-graded index multimode-coreless fiber sensing structure that directly interacts with liquids. Integrated with a distributed optical fiber sensing system, this sensor can detect liquid droplets with high precision, as demonstrated by the successful identification and size estimation of four consecutive oil droplets. Our approach offers an innovative solution for distributed liquid droplet detection and it paves the way for industrial liquid detecting applications.
Construction of organic/GaN heterostructures for DUV-to-NIR broadband photodetection
Authors: Hu Kunpeng , Zhang Haochen , Liang Fangzhou , Guo Yifu , Deng Junyang , Liang Kun , Xing Zhanyong , Wang Hu , Zhang Mingshuo , Li Mengmeng , Sun Haiding
Published: October 2023

Herein, a broadband photodetector (BPD) is constructed with consistent and stable detection abilities for deep ultraviolet to near-infrared spectral range. The BPD integrates the GaN template with a hybrid organic semiconductor, PM6:Y6, via the spin-coating process, and is fabricated in the form of asymmetric metal–semiconductor–metal structure. Under an optimal voltage, the device shows consistent photoresponse within 254 to 850 nm, featuring high responsivity (10 to 60 A/W), photo-to-dark-current ratio over 103, and fast response time. These results show the potential of such organic/GaN heterojunctions as a simple and effective strategy to build BPDs for a reliable photo-sensing application in the future.
Bi-doped fiber amplifiers in the E + S band with a high gain per unit length
Authors: Wang Siyi , Zhai Ziwei , Halder Arindam , Sahu Jayanta K.
Published: October 2023

We present a bismuth (Bi)-doped fiber amplifier (BDFA) operating in the 1400–1480 nm range using 35 m of Bi-doped germanosilicate fiber. A maximum gain of 23 dB for an input signal of −23dBm at 1440 nm has been achieved, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest gain per unit length of 0.66 dB/m reported for a BDFA. The 3 dB bandwidth is measured to be 40 nm (1415–1455 nm), and the gain coefficient is 0.2 dB/mW. A further temperature dependence study of BDFA across the temperature range of −60°C to 80°C also showed a negligible effect of temperature on the E + S band BDFA gain.
Polariton vortex Chern insulator [Invited]: publisher’s note
Authors: Harrison S. L. , Nalitov A. , Lagoudakis P. G. , Sigurðsson H.
Published: October 2023

This publisher’s note contains a correction to Opt. Mater. Express
13, 2550 (2023).10.1364/OME.494448
Inferred Attractiveness: A generalized mechanism for sexual selection that can maintain variation in traits and preferences over time
Authors: DuVal Emily H. , Fitzpatrick Courtney L. , Hobson Elizabeth A. , Servedio Maria R.
Published: October 2023

Sexual selection by mate choice is a powerful force that can lead to evolutionary change, and models of why females choose particular mates are central to understanding its effects. Predominant mate choice theories assume preferences are determined solely by genetic inheritance, an assumption still lacking widespread support. Moreover, preferences often vary among individuals or populations, fail to correspond with conspicuous male traits, or change with context, patterns not predicted by dominant models. Here, we propose a new model that explains this mate choice complexity with one general hypothesized mechanism, “Inferred Attractiveness.” In this model, females acquire mating preferences by observing others’ choices and use context-dependent information to infer which traits are attractive. They learn to prefer the feature of a chosen male that most distinguishes him from other available males. Over generations, this process produces repeated population-level switches in preference and maintains male trait variation. When viability selection is strong, Inferred Attractiveness produces population-wide adaptive preferences superficially resembling “good genes.” However, it results in widespread preference variation or nonadaptive preferences under other predictable circumstances. By casting the female brain as the central selective agent, Inferred Attractiveness captures novel and dynamic aspects of sexual selection and reconciles inconsistencies between mate choice theory and observed behavior.
Off the shelf: Investigating transfer of learning using commercially available virtual reality equipment
Authors: Markwell Logan T. , Cochran Koleton , Porter Jared M.
Published: October 2023

The evolution of virtual reality (VR) has created the opportunity for a relatively low-cost and accessible method to practice motor skills. Previous studies have demonstrated how motor skill practice in non-immersive virtual environments transfers to physical environments. Though minimal research has investigated motor learning and transfer within immersive VR, multiple experiments provide empirical evidence of positive transfer effects. Most studies have used software engines and modified hardware to enhance the similarities between virtual and physical environments. However, many learners and practitioners currently use commercially available VR intending to enhance real-world performance, though there is very little evidence to support the notion of positive transfer for these systems. Therefore, this experiment aimed to investigate how motor skill practice using a commercially available VR system improved real-world performance and how that compared to physical practice. Participants (n = 68) were randomly selected into one of two groups: virtual reality (VR) practice (n = 33) or real-world (RW) practice (n = 35). The experiment occurred over two consecutive days, with a pretest, posttest, and practice phase occurring each day. The pre- and post-testing phases were identical for both groups and consisted of putting a golf ball 10 times on a carpeted surface towards the center of a target. The practice phases consisted of 60 total putts per day in the respective environment (VR or RW). Participants continuously alternated golf putting holes from three different distances until they accrued 60 total putts. Participants in the RW group performed golf putts to three targets. Participants in the VR group also performed golf putts on three different miniature golf putting holes, using the commercially available Oculus Rift and the Cloudlands VR Minigolf game. The VR putting targets were designed to replicate the putting holes in the physical environment. Separate 2 (group) x 4 (test) repeated measures ANOVAs were used to assess accuracy and club head kinematics. The results revealed a significant main effect for test, but not for group. Post hoc analyses revealed that both groups significantly improved their putting accuracy and club head kinematics at similar rates. The results from this study indicate that the transfer of learning that occurred as a result of practicing in a commercially available VR environment was similarly effective when compared to RW practice.
Antioxioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of Thymosin β4 in Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cells via the 5-HTR1A/ERK axis
Authors: Zhang Gui-Hong , Chin Kai Ling , Yan Shi-Yan , Pare Rahmawati
Published: October 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common amnestic cognitive impairment characterised by β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques deposit in the brain of the elderly. AD is a yet incurable disease due to its unknown exact pathogenesis and unavailability of effective remedies in clinical application. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a housekeeping protein that plays important role in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. It has the ability to protect and repair neurons however it is still unclear involvement in AD. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate the role and mechanism of Tβ4 in mediating the improvement of AD. AD-like cell model was constructed in neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y treated with Aβ. Overexpression of Tβ4 were done using lentivirus infection and downregulation through siRNA transfection. We performed western blot and flow cytometry to study the apoptosis and standard kits to measure the oxidative stress-associated biomarkers. There is significant increased in viability and decreased apoptosis in Tβ4 overexpression group compared to control. Furthermore, overexpression of Tβ4 suppressed the expression of pro-apoptotic markers such as Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Bax meanwhile upregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. Tβ4 alleviated oxidative damage by reducing MDA, LDH and ROS and increasing SOD and GSH-PX in Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells. We found that Tβ4 inhibit ERK/p38 MAPK pathway and intensify the expression of 5-HTR1A. Additionally, we showed that upregulation of 5-HTR1A dampened the Tβ4 to activate ERK signalling. In conclusion, our study revealed the neuroprotective role of Tβ4 in AD which may open up new therapeutic applications in AD treatment.
Essential oil blend supplementation in the milk replacer of dairy calves: Performance and health
Authors: Coelho Marina G. , da Silva Ana Paula , de Toledo Ariany F. , Cezar Amanda M. , Tomaluski Cristiane R. , Barboza Rayane D. F. , Júnior Gercino F. Virginio , Manzano Ricardo P. , Bittar Carla M. M.
Published: October 2023

Supplementation of dairy calves with essential oils in the liquid diet can reduce the incidence and severity of infectious diseases and promote better performance. Our objective was to evaluate an essential oil blend containing peppermint, eucalyptus, and menthol crystals and its effect on performance and health during the pre and postweaning period of dairy calves. At birth, 40 dairy calves (34 males and 6 females) were blocked according to sex and birth weight, randomly assigned to one of two treatments–commercial milk replacer diluted at 14% (MR) and the same liquid diet plus essential oil blend (MREO) at a dose of 4 mL per calf per day, divided into two meals during the first 28 days of life. Calves were individually housed and fed 6 L/d of the liquid diet, divided into two meals, and received starter concentrate and water ad libitum. Weaning was gradually reduced by 1L per day at d 51 until complete weaning at 56 days. After weaning, calves were evaluated until 70 days of age, when the experimental period ended. Intake, fecal, and health scores were evaluated daily, weight and body measures were recorded weekly, and blood parameters were evaluated at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8. Calves fed MREO tended to have higher total dry matter intake during the preweaning period. Furthermore, MREO calves had lower health scores and fewer days with a health score ≥ 4 (suggestive of bronchopneumonia), tended to lower coughing days and fewer veterinary interventions preweaning, and tended to lower health scores postweaning. The supplementation with a blend of essential oils containing peppermint, eucalyptus, and menthol crystals can reduce respiratory problems. Further studies are needed to investigate the dose and the supplementation period.
China’s new urban clusters strategy for coordinated economic growth: Evidence from the sports industry
Authors: Su Lide , AGUDAMU  , Liu Yuqian , Zhang Yang
Published: October 2023

In 2014, the Chinese government unveiled the New Urbanization Plan and Document No. 46, which profoundly influenced the development trajectory of the regional economy and sports industry. Using the coupling coordination model, this study aimed to assess the development progress of the sports industry and urban clusters economy. This study sampled Greater Bay Area urban clusters (GBAUC) and Yangtze River Delta urban clusters (YRDUC). The statistics covered one year after the release of the policies to date. We developed a total of 15 macro indicators to evaluate the sports industry and urban cluster economy as two distinct, yet interdependent, economic systems. Using the entropy weight method, we determined the standardized values and weights for the two systems before calculating the coupling coordination degree (D). Between 2015 and 2021, the sampled sports industry and urban clusters economy exhibited coordinated high growth across all economic metrics, with multiple sports industry metrics exhibiting double-digit growth. In 2015, both showed extreme imbalance: D of GBAUC = 0.092, D of YRDUC = 0.091. In 2017, both improved to bare coordination: D of GBAUC = 0.600, D of YRDUC = 0.566. In 2019, both reached well coordination: D of GBAUC = 0.851, D of YRDUC = 0.814. By 2021, both achieved quality coordination: D of GBAUC = 0.990, D of YRDUC = 1. This study provides the first evidence from the sports industry that China’s new urbanization model and Document No. 46 are highly effective for synergistic regional economic growth.
Akkermansia muciniphila participates in the host protection against helminth-induced cardiac fibrosis via TLR2
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Liu Xiaolei , Sun Ruohang , Mao Hanhai , Liu Mingyuan , Jin Xuemin
Published: October 2023

Helminth Trichinella spiralis (Ts) is one of the major pathogens of human infective myocarditis that can lead to cardiac fibrosis (CF). The gut microbiota involved in this pathology are of interest. Here, we use mice infected with Ts as a model to examine the interactions between gut microbes and host protection to CF. Infected mice show enhanced CF severity. We find that antibiotics treatment to deplete the microbiota aggravates the disease phenotype. Attempts to restore microbiota using fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates helminth-induced CF. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics sequencing reveal a higher abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in gut microbiomes of Ts-infected mice. Oral supplementation with alive or pasteurized A. muciniphila improves CF via TLR2. This work represents a substantial advance toward our understanding of causative rather than correlative relationships between the gut microbiota and CF.
Shaun McNiff: Trailblazer, innovator, visionary
Authors: Kossak Mitchell
Published: October 2023

This article explores the visionary nature in the five decades work of Shaun McNiff. Starting in law school and leaving to become a painter, McNiff brought his acumen to academia establishing the first integrated arts and psychology master’s programme in the world. His trailblazing nature gained notoriety in those who had influence in depth psychology and mental health. He was not only interested in the interdisciplinarity of all art forms but the integration of ideas from many facets of social and political landscapes focusing his efforts on training those similarly interested in utilizing the arts towards addressing the human condition. He wrote the first book on art-based research. He has authored more than fifteen books and numerous articles, as well as delivering keynote addresses all over the world. He was a dean at Lesley University and provost at Endicott College where he continued his legacy of establishing integrated arts programmes.
The language of inner experience is art: Participation mystique – Art-based research approaches
Authors: Mateus-Berr Ruth
Published: October 2023

This article describes Shaun McNiff’s perspective on people as artists, in the form of a practical application, an artistic achievement and a contextualization of McNiff with contemporary quantum philosophy by Karen Barad. McNiff recognizes people as active participants in the healing and learning process. The inner images experienced are expressed through art-based methods. The so-called intra-actions by Barad can be transferred to the dialogue between creator and the object, McNiff transforms them in the work of art. Here, art contributes to an essential sense of well-being, conveys connectedness by representing an entanglement of the creating person, feeling and material. Conversation can also be understood as inner contemplation, and in any case, always at the centre is trust in the process that unexpectedly allows things to speak and relate. McNiff anticipates contemporary quantum-physical ideas of philosophy, which describes for example the Agentic Realism, as ‘existence is not an individual affair’.
Discovery of art-based distillation: Doctoral inquiry of the one-canvas method
Authors: Miller Abbe
Published: October 2023

The one-canvas method is heavily oriented to the interplay of images that transform over a sustained period. Art-based inquiry that explored how compositions were created and transformed was led by two core assumptions of Shaun McNiff’s vision: art-making communicates differently from linear and logical comprehension and language, and an aesthetic focus generates unique ways of understanding and creating knowledge. This article reflects on the distillation of artistic evidence, an ongoing refining and discovery process through which outcomes emerge, that required a continual return to the one-canvas art and art-making as centres of discovery. Illuminating McNiff’s commitment to art as evidence, the primacy of the artist-self fostered empirical exploration that felt honest, alive and generative. McNiff’s curiosities about multiple perspectives with attention to whole-body multi-sensory observation, engagement as researcher-participant and reflection using digital media were integral to a research design that culminated in artistic essence as discovery.
DAYA HASIL DAN KANDUNGAN ANTOSIANIN GENOTIP UBI JALAR UNGU (PURPLE-FLESHED SWEET POTATO) DI JATINANGOR, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Noerrizki Amalia Murnihati , Prayudha Harlino Nandha , Ustari Debby , Suganda Tarkus , Concibido Vergel , Karuniawan Agung
Published: October 2023

Daya hasil adalah kemampuan tanaman untuk memproduksi hasil sesuai dengan potensinya. Ubi jalar ungu mengandung senyawa antosianin yang merupakan senyawa yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai produk karena memberikan efek yang baik untuk kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengestimasi daya hasil dan kandungan antosianin pada 12 genotip ubi jalar ungu. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter bentuk ubi, warna daging ubi, warna kulit, panjang ubi, diameter ubi, jumlah ubi dan bobot ubi per plot berdasarkan Descriptors for Sweet Potato (Huaman, 1999). Kandungan antosianin dievaluasi dengan metode pH Differential sedangkan variabel warna ekstrak dianalisis berdasarkan nilai L*, a*, b*. Hasil  menunjukkan terdapat keragaman pada bentuk ubi, panjang ubi, diameter ubi, jumlah ubi dan bobot ubi per plot. Bentuk ubi bervariasi yaitu oval memanjang, elips membulat, elips, obovate, berlengkung. 11 genotip ubi jalar ungu memiliki warna daging berpigmen dengan antosianin dan warna kulit yaitu ungu. Hasil analisis LSI menunjukkan PF 4, PF 5, PF 6, PF 7, PF 8, PF 9 dan PF 12 memiliki penampilan lebih baik dari varietas pembanding. Kandungan antosianin tertinggi yaitu PF 12 (84,02 mg/100g). Analisis korelasi menunjukkan antosianin memiliki korelasi positif dengan karakter hasil dan nilai a*.
Growth Evaluation of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp) Under Different Cycles of Fasting And Re-Feeding
Authors: Robisalmi Adam
Published: October 2023

Feed restriction through fasting is a widely recommended feed management strategy in aquaculture, where this strategy is believed to have a positive effect on fish growth performance. This study aims to evaluate the growth performance of red tilapia in various cycles of fasting and re-feeding. The activity was carried out at Research Institute Fish Breeding from August to November 2020  . The research method used was experimental with 5 treatments with 4 replications, namely control (fish were fed daily), then the fasting treatment was S7 (7 days of fasting), S14 (14 days of fasting), S21 (21 days of fasting) and S28 (28 fasting day) followed by refeeding until the end of maintenance. Maintenance was carried out for 90 days in a concrete tub measuring 2x1m3 with a stocking density of 28 fishes / unit. During the rearing period the fish were fed satiation three times a day. The results showed that there was a decrease in growth along with the increase of the fasting period, but there was a trend of increasing growth after re-feeding with over compensatory growth in treatment S7 and partial compensatory growth in treatments S14 and S21. Likewise, the value of the condition factor and the hepatosomatic index during the fasting period decreased, but after feeding, the values were not different from those of fish fed continuously.
Think Globally, Act Globally: The Key Role Global Hubs Play in Oncological Drug Development
Authors:   Zymeworks, Inc., Woolery Joe
Published: October 2023

When global health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and HIV/AIDS epidemic occur, drug developers and researchers have an opportunity to highlight the benefits of implementing international clinical development plans to make treatments available as quickly as possible for patients around the world. However, when these public crises are not a factor, organizations typically wait until a product is nearing its approval stage before planning for and developing an international strategy.