bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why did the invasive walking catfish cross the road? Terrestrial chemoreception described for the first time in a fish
Authors: Bressman Noah R. , Hill Jeffrey E. , Ashley‐Ross Miriam A.
Published: August 2020

Clarias batrachus (walking catfish) is an invasive species in Florida, renowned for its air‐breathing and terrestrial locomotor capabilities. However, it is unknown how this species orients in terrestrial environments. Furthermore, while anecdotal life history information is widespread for this species in its nonnative range, little of this information exists in the literature. The goals of this study were to identify sensory modalities that C. batrachus use to orient on land, and to describe the natural history of this species in its nonnative range. Fish (n = 150) were collected from around Ruskin, FL, and housed in a greenhouse, where experiments took place. Individual catfish were placed in the center of a terrestrial arena and were exposed to nine treatments: two controls, L‐alanine, quinine, allyl isothiocynate, sucrose, volatile hydrogen sulphide, pond water and aluminium foil. These fish exhibited significantly positive chemotaxis toward alanine and pond water, and negative chemotaxis away from volatile hydrogen sulphide, suggesting chemoreception – both through direct contact and through the air – is important to their terrestrial orientation. Additionally, 88 people from Florida wildlife‐related Facebook groups who have personal observations of C. batrachus on land were interviewed for information regarding their terrestrial natural history. These data were combined with observations from 38 YouTube videos. C. batrachus appear to emerge most frequently during or just after heavy summer rains, particularly from stormwater drains in urban areas, where they may feed on terrestrial invertebrates. By better understanding the full life history of C. batrachus, we can improve management of this species.
Mobility Action Group: Using Quality Improvement Methods to Create a Culture of Hospital Mobility
Authors: Lorgunpai Songprod Jonathan , Finke Bruce , Burrows Isaac , Brown Cynthia J. , Rubin Fred H. , Wierman Heidi R. , Heisey Susan J. , Gartaganis Sarah , Ling Shari M. , Press Matthew , Inouye Sharon K.
Published: August 2020

Background/Objectives

To describe the Mobility Action Group (MACT), an innovative process to enhance implementation of hospital mobility programs and create a culture of mobility in acute care.

Design

Continuous quality improvement intervention with episodic data review.

Setting

Inpatient units including medical, surgical, and intensive care settings.

Participants

A total of 42 hospitals of varying sizes across the United States.

Interventions

The MACT and Change Package were developed to provide a conceptual framework, road map, and step‐by‐step guide to enable mobility teams to implement mobility programs successfully and meet their mobilization goals. Participants were encouraged to select two to three change tactics to pursue during the first action cycle and select and implement additional tactics in subsequent cycles. Nine learning sessions were held via webinar from April 27, 2017, to October 5, 2017, during which faculty provided brief presentations, facilitation, and group discussion.

Measurements

Implementation of programs, walks per day, use of bed and chair alarms, and participant satisfaction.

Results

Successful implementation of mobility programs was achieved at most (76%) sites. The proportion of patients who received at least three walks per day increased from 9% to 19%. The proportion of patients who were placed on a bed or chair alarm decreased from 36% to 20%. On average, 69% of participants reported they were “strongly satisfied” with the learning sessions. Most participants found the Change Package (58%) and Toolkit (63%) “very helpful.” Since the conclusion of the active initiative, the Change Package has been downloaded 1,200 times. Of those who downloaded it, 48% utilized it to establish a mobility program, and 58% used it at their organization at least once a month.

Conclusion

The MACT and Change Package provides an innovative approach emphasizing systemwide change that can help catalyze a culture of mobility in hospitals across the nation, improving the quality of care for hospitalized older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2373–2381, 2020.
Isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol for prevention of UVB‐induced hyperpigmentation
Authors: Vachiramon Vasanop , Kositkuljorn Chaninan , Leerunyakul Kanchana , Chanprapaph Kumutnart
Published: August 2020

Background

Isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol (ITR, Thiamidol®) has been proposed as a potent tyrosinase inhibitor. A formulation containing ITR has recently shown promising efficacy for the treatment of some hyperpigmentary conditions.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ITR in the prevention of ultraviolet (UV)‐induced hyperpigmentation in human skin.

Materials and Methods

We performed a randomized, single‐blinded, pilot study in 30 healthy participants. One arm was randomly assigned to receive an ITR‐containing product for three weeks. Three hyperpigmented spots were induced by UVB irradiation on both arms after 3 weeks of ITR application. Outcome evaluations included measuring mean lightness index (*L) obtained by colorimeter, hyperpigmentation scores by visual analog scale (VAS), and adverse effects.

Results

Both experimental sides showed no significant difference in terms of skin lightening after ITR application. However, the ITR‐treated sides showed a statistically significant lower mean lightness index compared to control after an induction with UVB. In addition, the ITR‐treated sides had an earlier improvement and resumed the normal skin color after 3 weeks post‐UVB induction. A clinical evaluation by a blinded nontreating physician and subjects was more favorable on the ITR‐treated side than the control side (P < .05). No significant side effect was noted.

Conclusions

ITR is an effective agent in the prevention of pigmentary change from UVB irradiation and may serve as a promising agent for preventing other hyperpigmentary conditions.
Biophysical characteristics of dandruff‐affected scalp categorized on the basis of sebum levels
Authors: Yoon Ji‐Seon , Shim Jiyong , Lim Jun‐Man , Park Sun Gyoo
Published: August 2020

Background

Various sebum levels can be detected in dandruff‐affected scalps. However, few studies have compared the biophysical characteristics of dandruff scalps categorized based on sebum levels.

Aims

To investigate and compare the biophysical characteristics of dandruff‐affected scalps categorized based on sebum levels.

Methods

Fifty‐four Korean women with dandruff and 30 healthy Korean women underwent physiological measurements, including evaluation of sebum and hydration levels, pH, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in the scalp. The levels of the biomarkers of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and kallikrein 5 (KLK5) and corneodesmosomes were investigated in the stratum corneum (SC) of the scalp.

Results

Dandruff was categorized as dry (low‐sebum, n = 25) or oily (high‐sebum, n = 29) based on a sebum cutoff level of 97.82 μg/cm2. Both dry and oily dandruff‐affected scalps showed significantly decreased hydration levels and increased pH and TEWL compared with healthy subjects, with hydration levels being lower in dry dandruff‐affected scalps. IL‐8 expression was significantly increased in the oily dandruff‐affected scalp. In addition, both dry and oily dandruff‐affected scalps showed significantly increased KLK5 levels in the SC, with the levels being higher in oily dandruff‐affected scalps. Altered distribution of corneodesmosomes, present on the entire surface area of the corneocytes, was notable in oily dandruff‐affected scalps.

Conclusion

The biophysical characteristics of the two types of dandruff represent the influence of different characteristics, including hydration levels, expression of IL‐8 and KLK5, and corneodesmosome distribution. Thus, strategies to reduce dandruff levels should differ according to sebum levels.
Ultrasound assessment of tissue integration of the crosslinked hyaluronic acid filler VYC‐25L in facial lower‐third aesthetic treatment: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Urdiales‐Gálvez Fernando , Barres‐Caballer Jordán , Carrasco‐Sánchez Sara
Published: August 2020

Background

Dermal fillers have become an integral part of any aesthetic physician's intervention.

Aims

To assess, by means of ultrasounds, the tissue integration of the hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal filler VYC‐25L in chin and jaw.

Methods

Prospective, noncomparative, open‐label, and multicenter study conducted on healthy subjects, with age comprised between 30 and 60 years old, who attended to the clinic to perform a facial rejuvenation treatment of the lower third of the face. VYC‐25L was injected using a 27G needle (supraperiosteal bolus, from 0.2 to 0.3 mL per bolus) in the chin and with canula (retrograde threads, from 0.4 to 0.6 mL) in the jaw. Ultrasound examinations (UE) were performed at each study center by the same experienced observer at baseline, immediately after injection, 48 hours, and 30 days after treatment.

Results

Thirty patients (10 per center) were included in the study. At baseline, UE found a characteristic heterogeneous pattern of subcutaneous cellular tissue, with alternation of soft anechoic and hyperechoic images. The UE, performed immediately after treatment, showed a poorly defined globular ultrasound pattern, with anechoic images indicative of liquid content. Forty‐eight hours after treatment, UE are still showing a globular pattern, with well‐defined anechoic areas. Thirty days after treatment, a thickening of the subcutaneous cellular tissue was observed in all the evaluated zones, with a total integration of the HA into the tissue.

Conclusion

VYC‐25L might represent a significant advance in volumization/restoration of the lower face. Its biointegration was total at day 30 and practically complete at 48 hours of treatment.
Nurses’ role in health promotion and prevention: A critical interpretive synthesis
Authors: Iriarte‐Roteta Andrea , Lopez‐Dicastillo Olga , Mujika Agurtzane , Ruiz‐Zaldibar Cayetana , Hernantes Naia , Bermejo‐Martins Elena , Pumar‐Méndez María J.
Published: August 2020

Background

Role confusion is hampering the development of nurses' capacity for health promotion and prevention. Addressing this requires discussion to reach agreement among nurses, managers, co‐workers, professional associations, academics and organisations about the nursing activities in this field. Forming a sound basis for this discussion is essential.

Aims and objectives

To provide a description of the state of nursing health promotion and prevention practice expressed in terms of activities classifiable under the Ottawa Charter and to reveal the misalignments between this portrayal and the ideal one proposed by the Ottawa Charter.

Methods

A critical interpretive synthesis was conducted between December 2018 and May 2019. The PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsychINFO, Web of Science and Dialnet databases were searched. Sixty‐two papers were identified. The relevant data were extracted using a pro‐forma, and the reviewers performed an integrative synthesis. The ENTREQ reporting guidelines were used for this review.

Results

Thirty synthetic constructs were developed into the following synthesising arguments: (a) addressing individuals' lifestyles versus developing their personal skills; (b) focusing on environmental hazards versus creating supportive environments; (c) action on families versus strengthening communities; (d) promoting community partnerships versus strengthening community action; and (e) influencing policies versus building healthy public policy.

Conclusions

There are notable misalignments between nurses' current practice in health promotion and prevention and the Ottawa Charter's actions and strategies. This may be explained by the nurses' lack of understanding of health promotion and prevention and political will, research methodological flaws, the predominance of a biomedical perspective within organisations and the lack of organisational prioritisation for health promotion and prevention.
A cross‐sectional study of mental health status and self‐psychological adjustment in nurses who supported Wuhan for fighting against the COVID‐19
Authors: Chen Huijuan , Sun Libing , Du Zhe , Zhao Liting , Wang Ling
Published: August 2020

Aims and objectives

To evaluate the mental health status, stressors and self‐adjustment of nurses in isolation wards at different periods in Wuhan, China.

Background

Mental health issues easily occurred among the frontline medical workers of a major epidemic. However, the stressors and psychological adjustments experienced by nurses have not been well described. This is crucial to improving clinical quality and nursing safety and ensuring nurses’ physical and psychological health.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional prospective study using the Self Reporting Questionnaire‐20, stressor and self‐adjustment questionnaire administered to frontline nurses in Wuhan at two time points: after they had worked in isolation wards for 7–10 days (T1) and 2 months (T2). This paper complies with the STROBE reporting guideline for cross‐sectional studies.

Results

T1 has 92 respondents, and T2 has 86. The positive rates of mental health problems were 26.09% and 9.30%, respectively, showing significantly different in the two periods. The main factors influenced mental health were self‐perceived stress and only child status. The most common stressors were as follows: a large infected population, high infectivity; concerned about family's health status; high mortality if not treated in time (T1); and long duration of the epidemic, separate from family for a long time (T2). In terms of self‐adjustment, 97.83%(T1)/88.04%(T2) of nurses thought it was necessary, but 9(T1) /5(T2) chose to avoid addressing it, and 8(T1) /5(T2) utilised a professional psychological counselling hotline.

Conclusions

Mental health problems among frontline nurses fighting COVID‐19 need special attention, so administrators should offer timely counselling and strengthen effective psychosocial support to improve their mental resilience.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study surveyed the mental problems and self‐adjustment status among nurses working Wuhan during the outbreak of COVID‐19, to provide administrators with a scientific basis to effectively intervene.
Community Eligibility Provision and School Meal Participation among Student Subgroups
Authors: Tan May Lynn , Laraia Barbara , Madsen Kristine A. , Johnson Rucker C. , Ritchie Lorrene
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

The National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs help to reduce food insecurity and improve nutrition. The Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) enables high‐poverty schools to offer breakfast and lunch at no cost to all students. This study examines associations between CEP and participation among students eligible for free or reduced‐price meals (“FRPM”), possibly eligible (“near‐cutoff”), or ineligible (“full‐price”).

METHODS

Using data from the 2013‐2015 Healthy Communities Study, we compared school breakfast and lunch participation between 842 students in K‐8 at 80 CEP schools and 1463 students at 118 schools without CEP. Cross‐sectional difference‐in‐difference (DID) models compared meal participation among near‐cutoff and full‐price groups to that in the FRPM group.

RESULTS

Overall, FRPM students had high participation in school lunch and breakfast at both types of schools. In adjusted DID models, lunch participation among near‐cutoff students was 12 points higher in CEP versus comparison schools (p < .05). Among full‐price students, breakfast participation was 20 points higher and lunch participation 19 points higher in CEP than comparison schools (p < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Community Eligibility Provision improves access to school breakfast and lunch in high‐poverty schools, particularly for students who are near or above the cutoff for FRPM eligibility.
Defining just‐about‐right concentration for doenjang soup appealing to Korean consumers
Authors: Chon Seo‐yeong , Kim Mina K.
Published: August 2020

Doenjang refers to a traditional food ingredient in Korea, commonly consumed as a soup (jjigae). The objective of this study was to define the just‐about‐right (JAR) concentration of doenjang soup that appealed to Korean consumers. Doenjang soup recipes were standardized, and the various concentrations of doenjang paste in soup were selected as 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5%. Physiochemical analysis of doenjang soups with different concentrations was conducted, which was followed by a consumer acceptance test using students at Jeonbuk National University (N = 91). Increased salinity and °Brix were observed as the doenjang paste concentration increased (p < .05). Overall liking score also increased with increasing concentrations of doenjang paste in the soup (p < .05), whereas 5% doenjang paste concentration received the lowest overall liking scores (4.07 on a 9‐point hedonic scale), which corresponded to 0.93% salinity. When 5% doenjang paste was applied to the soup, consumers perceived that it contained fewer ingredients (p < .05). A JAR saltiness score revealed that 7.5% concentration of doenjang paste in soup was perceived to have JAR saltiness by consumers.

Practical applications

Doenjang is a widely accepted fermented food ingredient in Korea. However, cooking methods using doenjang have not yet been standardized. This study reports the just‐about‐right (JAR) concentration of doenjang paste in a soup (jjigae‐type). Findings from this study can aid sensory and food scientists in the field to design proper sample serving protocols of doenjang jjigae and specialists in culinary arts to develop and optimize recipes using doenjang in a manner that appeals to consumers.
Stigma Toward Persons with Intellectual Disability in South America: A Narrative Review
Authors: Tenorio Marcela , Donoso Javiera , Ali Afia , Hassiotis Angela
Published: August 2020

People with intellectual disability (ID) form one of the most underserved/stigmatized groups in society. Published data have documented stigma toward this population group in different countries. However, this phenomenon has received scant attention in South American countries. The aim of this work is to conduct a systematic search of published and gray literature in the area of stigma toward persons with ID within the 12 countries of the region to explore expression of stigma toward people with ID in the region. Systematic research of published data and gray literature, based on a previous published protocol, was run in this work. The search strategy included terms related to IDs being combined with stigma, prejudice, attitudes and stereotypes, and with the names of all the South American countries. Due to the known relationship between ID and Autism Spectrum Disorder, this term was included in the search. The search was conducted in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. A narrative approach to results is presented. Available information is organized by stakeholder groups, including persons with ID, families, caregivers, and mental health workers. The quality of the studies was analyzed based on the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool Version 2018, and results are variable. The results of the narrative review are indicative of the limited scientific study of stigma toward people with ID in South American countries and the clear sense that people with ID living in those countries report experience of stigmatizing attitudes. Future research, at population level, is needed in the region to ensure improvements in the quality of life and in the civil participation of people with ID.
Men's nutrition knowledge is important for women's and children's nutrition in Ethiopia
Authors: Ambikapathi Ramya , Passarelli Simone , Madzorera Isabel , Canavan Chelsey R. , Noor Ramadhani A. , Abdelmenan Semira , Tewahido Dagmawit , Tadesse Amare Worku , Sibanda Lindiwe , Sibanda Simbarashe , Munthali Bertha , Madzivhandila Tshilidzi , Berhane Yemane , Fawzi Wafaie , Gunaratna Nilupa S.
Published: August 2020

In an effort to address undernutrition among women and children in rural areas of low‐income countries, nutrition‐sensitive agriculture (NSA) and behaviour change communication (BCC) projects heavily focus on women as an entry point to effect nutritional outcomes. There is limited evidence on the role of men's contribution in improving household diets. In this Agriculture to Nutrition trial (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03152227), we explored associations between men's and women's nutritional knowledge on households', children's and women's dietary diversity. At the midline evaluation conducted in July 2017, FAO's nutrition knowledge questionnaire was administered to male and female partners in 1396 households. There was a high degree of agreement (88%) on knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding between parents; however, only 56–66% of the households had agreement when comparing knowledge of dietary sources of vitamin A or iron. Factor analysis of knowledge dimensions resulted in identifying two domains, namely, ‘dietary’ and ‘vitamin’ knowledge. Dietary knowledge had a larger effect on women's and children's dietary diversities than vitamin knowledge. Men's dietary knowledge had strong positive associations with households' dietary diversity scores (0.24,Pvalue = 0.001), children's dietary diversity (0.19,Pvalue = 0.008) and women's dietary diversity (0.18,Pvalue < 0.001). Distance to markets and men's education levels modified the effects of nutrition knowledge on dietary diversity. While previous NSA and BCC interventions predominantly focused on uptake among women, there is a large gap and strong potential for men’s engagement in improving household nutrition. Interventions that expand the role of men in NSA may synergistically improve household nutrition outcomes.
Acceptability of 12 fortified balanced energy protein supplements ‐ Insights from Burkina Faso
Authors: Jones Leslie , de Kok Brenda , Moore Katie , de Pee Saskia , Bedford Juliet , Vanslambrouck Katrien , Toe Laeticia Celine , Lachat Carl , De Cock Nathalie , Ouédraogo Moctar , Ganaba Rasmané , Kolsteren Patrick , Isanaka Sheila
Published: August 2020

Poor maternal nutrition contributes to poor birth outcomes, including low birth weight and small for gestational age births. Fortified balanced energy protein (BEP) supplements may be beneficial, although evidence is limited. This mixed method study, conducted among pregnant women in Burkina Faso, is part of a larger clinical trial that seeks to understand the impact of fortified BEP supplements on pregnancy outcomes and child growth. The formative research reported here, a single‐meal rapid assessment of 12 product formulations, sought to understand product preferences for provision of BEP supplements and contextual factors that might affect product acceptability and use. Results indicate a preference for products perceived as sweet rather than salty/savoury and for products perceived as familiar, as well as a sensitivity to product odours. Women expressed a willingness and intention to use the products even if they did not like them, because of the health benefits for their babies. Data also indicate that household food sharing practices may impact supplement use, although most women denied any intention to share the products. Sharing behaviour should therefore be monitored, and strategies to avoid sharing should be developed during the succeeding parts of the research.
OsRE1 interacts with OsRIP1 to regulate rice heading date by finely modulating Ehd1 expression
Authors: Chai Juntao , Zhu Shanshan , Li Chaonan , Wang Chunming , Cai Maohong , Zheng Xiaoming , Zhou Liang , Zhang Huan , Sheng Peike , Wu Mingming , Jin Xin , Cheng Zhijun , Zhang Xin , Lei Cailin , Ren Yulong , Lin Qibing , Zhou Shirong , Guo Xiuping , Wang Jie , Zhao Zhichao , Wan Jianmin
Published: August 2020

Heading date is a key agronomic trait affecting crop yield. In rice, Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) is an important B‐type response regulator in determination of heading date. Although many regulatory factors of Ehd1 expression have been functionally characterized, the direct regulators of Ehd1 largely remain to be identified. Here, we identified a new regulator of Ehd1, OsRE1, that directly binds to the A‐box motif in the Ehd1 promoter. Osre1 confers an early heading phenotype due to elevated expression levels of Ehd1. OsRE1 is a nucleus‐localized bZIP transcription factor with a diurnal rhythmic expression pattern. Furthermore, we identified an OsRE1‐interacting protein, OsRIP1, and demonstrated that OsRIP1 can repress the transcript expression of Ehd1 in an OsRE1‐dependent manner. Our genetic data showed that OsRE1 and OsRIP1 may function upstream of Ehd1 in regulating heading date. Together, our results suggest that OsRE1 functions cooperatively with OsRIP1 to regulate heading date through finely modulating the expression of Ehd1. In addition, OsRE1 and OsRIP1 are two minor heading date regulators, which are more desirable for fine‐tuning heading date to improve rice regional adaptability.
Influence of hair oil on scalp fungal cultures
Authors: Wichterman Christian M. , Kumar Monique G. , Bayliss Susan J.
Published: August 2020

It has been clinically speculated that the use of oil for hair grooming may change detection of fungus on culture; however, the effect of hair oil on fungal cultures remains poorly studied. In this prospective case‐controlled study, scalp cultures were collected from twenty‐eight pediatric patients with clinically suspected tinea capitis before and after cosmetic hair oil was rubbed into the scalp. Following hair oil application, fifteen of the sixteen originally positive patients tested positive, while one patient that had tested negative prior to hair oil had a positive culture. Our study suggests that recent hair oil application has minimal effect on the sensitivity of fungal culture for tinea capitis and we can rely on our standard fungal cultures with or without hair oil.
Cutaneous venous malformations presenting in an adolescent boy: Cerebral cavernous malformation syndrome
Authors: Hadjieconomou Sofia , Hughes Jenny
Published: August 2020

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are collections of enlarged capillaries with irregular structure, located in the brain or spinal cord, that can be life‐threatening. We describe a neurologically asymptomatic 15‐year‐old boy who presented with cutaneous venous malformations (CVM) that developed in adolescence. Owing to his family history of CCM, genetic testing was obtained and confirmed a new mutation in the CCM3 (PDCD10) gene. Brain imaging showed multiple CCM. Although currently asymptomatic, he will continue to be monitored annually by neurology to assess for symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) that would warrant investigation with MRI.
Weeping candidate genes screened using comparative transcriptomic analysis of weeping and upright progeny in an F1 population of Prunus mume
Authors: Mao Tian‐Yu , Zhu Huan‐Huan , Liu Yao‐Yao , Bao Man‐Zhu , Zhang Jun‐Wei , Fu Qiang , Xiong Cai‐Feng , Zhang Jie
Published: August 2020

Weeping is a specific plant architecture with high ornamental value. Despite the considerable importance of the weeping habit to landscaping applications and knowledge of plant architecture biology, little is known regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, growth and phytohormone content were analyzed among the progeny of different branch types in an F1 mapping population of Prunus mume with varying plant architecture. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing was conducted to compare differences among progeny at a transcriptional level. The weeping habit appears to be a complex process regulated by a series of metabolic pathways, with photosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis highly enriched in differentially expressed genes between weeping and upright progeny. Based on functional annotation and homologous analyses, we identified 30 candidate genes related to weeping that merit further analysis, including 10 genes related to IAA and GA3 biosynthesis, together with 6 genes related to secondary branch growth. The results of this study will facilitate further studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying the weeping habit in P. mume.
Use of oxytocin to attain cervical dilation for transcervical embryo transfer in sheep
Authors: dos Santos Vanessa M. B. , Pinto Pedro Henrique N. , Balaro Mario Felipe A. , Santos Juliana D. R. , Taira Augusto R. , do Espirito Santo Caroline G. , Gonçalves Fernanda M. , da Fonseca Jeferson F. , Brandão Felipe Z.
Published: August 2020

The aim of this work was to determine whether a cervical dilation protocol (CDP) composed of only oxytocin can be used to perform transcervical (non‐surgical) embryo transfer in sheep (NSET) without affecting the viability of the corpus luteum (CL). Likewise, we evaluated whether a cervical transposing test with a Hegar dilator (CT Hegar test), performed at oestrous time, could be used to screen ewes for NSET (greater or lower chances to transpose the cervix). For that, oestrous and ovulation synchronization was performed in 25 Santa Inês ewes to induce the dioestrous condition. Animals went through the following CDP in a crossover design: E + OX, oestradiol benzoate (100 µg intravenously [IV]) and oxytocin (100 IU IV); OX, oxytocin (100 IU IV); and SAL, saline solution (IV). Using a Hegar dilator, cervical transposing attempts were performed at oestrous (D0) and dioestrous time (D8). The viability of the CL (morphology, luteal blood flow and progesterone values) was evaluated by ultrasonography (colour Doppler and B‐mode) and by serum progesterone measurement from D7 to D13. The cervical transposing rate was lower for the SAL group (64%; 16/25; p < .05) and did not differ between the E + OX (88%; 22/25, p > .05) and OX (84%; 21/25, p > .05) groups. No treatment affected the CL viability. The CT Hegar test showed a high sensitivity (85.7%–93.3%), satisfactory accuracy (72%–84%), low false‐negative rate (6.7%–14.6%), but high false‐positive rate (46%–66.7%). In conclusion, a CDP protocol composed exclusively of oxytocin can lead to good cervical transposing rates and does not affect the viability of the CL. In addition, a screening test (CT Hegar) performed at oestrus can identify ewes for which cervical transposing will likely not occur at NSET.
The relationship between maladaptive personality functioning and problematic technology use in adolescence: A cluster analysis approach
Authors: Amendola Simone , Spensieri Valentina , Biuso Giuseppe Stefano , Cerutti Rita
Published: August 2020

In the last two decades, scientific research has explored the problematic use of internet, videogames and mobile phones. However, there is still little consistent knowledge regarding the co‐occurrence of problematic technology use and the role of maladaptive personality characteristics in adolescence. The present study aimed to investigate adolescents' styles of technology use with a cluster analysis approach focusing on personality functioning. The sample comprised 408 Italian adolescents (46.3% males) aged 11 to 18 years (M age = 13.80; SD = 2.08). Data were collected using the Internet Addiction Test, the Videogame Dependency Scale, the Test of Mobile‐Phone Dependence Brief Form and the Personality Inventory for DSM5 Brief Form. Results provided a four‐cluster solution based on the co‐occurrence of problematic technology use. The four clusters were labeled as follows: cluster 1: “Above average internet and mobile‐phone use”; cluster 2: “Below average technology use”; cluster 3: “Above average videogame use”; and cluster 4: “Problematic technology use.” Analyses on demographic variables (e.g., gender and age) demonstrated significant differences between the four groups. Adolescents with high levels of problematic technology use reported greater overall personality dysfunction than the other three groups. This finding supported our hypothesis on maladaptive personality functioning in adolescents at risk for addiction. Finally, the Antagonism domain played a specific role in differentiating the severity of adolescents' involvement in technology use. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to plan preventive interventions as well as therapeutic treatments.
Tibial stress during running following a repeated calf‐raise protocol
Authors: Rice Hannah M. , Kenny Megan , Ellison Matthew A. , Fulford Jon , Meardon Stacey A. , Derrick Timothy R. , Hamill Joseph
Published: August 2020

Tibial stress fractures are a problematic injury among runners. Increased loading of the tibia has been observed following prolonged weight‐bearing activity and is suggested to be the result of reduced activity of the plantar flexor muscles. The musculature that spans the tibia contributes to bending of the bone and influences the magnitude of stress on the tibia during running. Participant‐specific models of the tibia can be used as a non‐invasive estimate of tibial stress. This study aimed to quantify tibial stress during running using participant‐specific bone geometry and to compare tibial stress before and after a protocol of repeated muscular contractions of the plantar flexor muscle group. Fourteen participants who run recreationally were included in the final analysis of the study. Synchronized force and kinematic data were collected during overground running before and after an exhaustive, weighted calf‐raise protocol. Bending moments and stress at the distal third of the tibia were estimated using beam theory combined with inverse dynamics and musculoskeletal modeling. Bone geometry was obtained from magnetic resonance images. There was no difference in stress at the anterior, posterior, medial, or lateral peripheries of the tibia after the calf‐raise protocol compared with before. These findings suggest that an exhaustive, repeated calf‐raise protocol did not alter tibial stress during running.
Functions of prepositions in Pular: e and ka1
Authors: Kosogorova Maria A.
Published: August 2020

The article presents an overview of the functions of two prepositions in the Pular language of Guinea (Fula < Atlantic family < Niger‐Congo). These two prepositions, e and ka, stand out from other prepositions as they are the only two that have been neither grammaticalized nor derived. These two prepositions share some functions between them, such as forming a complex prepositional phrase with other prepositions and, to some extent, locative functions. The preposition e can only be used in a limited number of locative contexts (mainly describing interior as opposed to adjacency), and its true domain is numerous functions related to shared argument roles. These functions include sociative, comitative, and reciprocal. Also e can perform a coordinative conjunction function, whereas ka cannot. The latter also has a special, but rare, function, which is introducing addresative argument.
#MDsToo: A student mistreatment prevention curriculum for faculty members and residents
Authors: Le‐Bucklin Khanh‐Van , Youm Julie , Wiechmann Warren , McRae Deena , Boysen‐Osborn Megan , Vega Charles , Park Sharon
Published: August 2020

Background

Medical student mistreatment has detrimental effects on student well‐being and poses a patient safety risk, yet 40% of medical school graduates report being mistreated during their training. Unfortunately, this statistic has not changed significantly since 2013. The ‘hidden curriculum’ contributes to the pervasiveness of mistreatment in medical schools in the USA. The #MDsToo curriculum was developed to mitigate the effects of the hidden curriculum by sensitising faculty members and residents to mistreatment.

Methods

During the curriculum, participants are introduced to the KIND (knowledge‐sharing, inclusive, non‐discriminatory, developmentally appropriate) framework for modelling positive teacher–learner interactions and detecting mistreatment. Using KIND, faculty members and residents identify and categorise mistreatment in eight video cases depicting mistreatment, and reflect on their own experiences with mistreatment.

Results

Two hundred and forty‐eight participants responded to a course survey. Most had experienced mistreatment. After the training, almost half stated that there were situations in the past that they did not recognize as mistreatment that they would now classify as mistreatment, and most stated that they were likely to report mistreatment now.

Conclusion

The #MDsToo curriculum may provide an effective design for mistreatment prevention training. Next steps include multi‐institutional implementation and longitudinal outcome studies.
Diagnostic accuracy of the PLASMIC score in patients with suspected thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Paydary Koosha , Banwell Emma , Tong Jiayi , Chen Yong , Cuker Adam
Published: August 2020

Background

The PLASMIC score was developed to identify patients with thrombotic microangiopathy who are most likely to have immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and benefit from therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). PLASMIC scores of 0‐4, 5, and 6‐7 are said to correspond to low, intermediate, and high probability of TTP, respectively.

Study Design and Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the diagnostic accuracy of the PLASMIC score in adults with suspected TTP. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (NPV) of PLASMIC score thresholds of ≥5 and ≥6. Study quality was appraised using the QUADAS‐2 tool.

Results

We identified 13 eligible studies, which collectively enrolled 970 patients. The median prevalence of TTP among eligible studies was 35%. The sensitivity and specificity of a PLASMIC score ≥5 was 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91‐1.00) and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.41‐0.72), respectively. At a prevalence of 35%, the NPV of a PLASMIC score ≥5 was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.92‐1.00). A PLASMIC score ≥6 was associated with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.67‐0.94) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.81‐0.94), respectively. The NPV of a PLASMIC score ≥6 at a prevalence of 35% was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.82‐0.97).

Conclusion

A PLASMIC score threshold of ≥5 is associated with high sensitivity and NPV and may be a useful screening tool for identifying patients who are unlikely to have TTP and do not require TPE, though prospective assessment is required. A PLASMIC score <6 appears to have insufficient sensitivity to rule out TTP and the need for TPE.
Blood group‐related antigen Ley on human platelets and its involvement in platelet aggregation via a possible interaction with CD61
Authors: Zhu Huijun , Ma Qinqin , Li Ruishu , Fu Min , Lu Ping
Published: August 2020

Background

The Ley antigen is a carbohydrate chain belonging to the ABH‐Lewis blood group family. Ley has been reported to be present on red blood cells (RBCs) and granulocytes, but its distribution and function in platelets remain unknown. There are a variety of glycoproteins on platelets, which may carry the Ley antigen. This study aims to investigate the expression pattern and the function of Ley in human platelets.

Study design and methods

Flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays were performed to determine Ley expression on human platelets. ADP (1.25‐10 μM) and thrombin (0.05‐1 IU/mL) were used to activate platelets in the presence or absence of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and the Ley expression was evaluated again by flow cytometry. Blockade was performed with an anti‐Ley monoclonal antibody to verify the role of this epitope in platelet function. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation was performed to identify glycoproteins associated with Ley.

Results

Ley was expressed on human platelets independent of ABO blood type. Ley expression was decreased in a dose‐dependent manner after activation with either ADP or thrombin, and this effect could be partially reversed by PGE1. Anti‐ Ley mAb treatment increased alpha‐granule release and neutralized the inhibitory effect of the anti‐CD61 antibody on platelet aggregation. In addition, Ley was proven to interact and colocalize with CD61.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate nondifferential expression of Ley in platelets of different ABO blood types and suggest the involvement of Ley in platelet function, possibly via interaction with CD61.
Short‐Term exposure of umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells to human platelet lysate and cytokines enhances engraftment
Authors: Rhéaume Marie‐Ève , Rouleau Pascal , Tremblay Tony , Paré Isabelle , Loubaki Lionel
Published: August 2020

Background

Intra bone marrow (IBM) injection has been proposed as a strategy to bypass homing inefficiencies associated with intravenous (IV) hematopoietic progenitor stem cell (HSPC) transplantation and thus increases the number of HSPC that engraft. Despite physical delivery into the bone marrow cavity, many donor cells are rapidly redistributed by vascular perfusion. Thus, the objective of our study was to evaluate the ability of human platelet lysates (hPL) to improve HSPC retention into the bone marrow and consequently to improve engraftment.

Study Design and Methods

HSPC were isolated from human umbilical cord blood. HSPC were seeded in the wells of a 24‐well microplate and exposed to increasing concentrations of hPL with or without cytokines for 24 hours. Following priming, HSPC cells chemotaxis to rhSDF‐1 was determined in vitro and engraftment in NSG mice was evaluated.

Results

Priming of cord blood CD34+ cells to a combination of hPL and cytokines resulted in a significant increase (up to 3‐fold) in the expression of the CD34 antigen on HSPC. This effect was closely correlated to a significantly increased (up to 7‐fold) migration toward a rhSDF‐1 concentration gradient. In addition, IBM injection of CD34+ cells previously primed with hPL+cytokines into NSG mice showed significantly increased engraftment as measured by human platelet numbers, human CD45 and human CD34+ cells for unprimed and primed cells, respectively.

Conclusion

The use of hPL + cytokines as a short‐term priming treatment for UCB could be an advantageous strategy to improve clinical outcomes following IBM injection.
Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in at least five genes account for approximately 3% of mild isolated nonsyndromic thrombocytopenia
Authors: Guéguen Paul , Dupuis Arnaud , Py Jean‐Yves , Desprès Aurore , Masson Emmanuelle , Le Marechal Cédric , Cooper David N. , Gachet Christian , Chen Jian‐Min , Férec Claude
Published: August 2020

Background

Thrombocytopenia has a variety of different etiologies, both acquired and hereditary. Inherited thrombocytopenia may be associated with other symptoms (syndromic forms) or may be strictly isolated. To date, only about half of all the familial forms of thrombocytopenia have been accounted for in terms of well‐defined genetic abnormalities. However, data are limited on the nature and frequency of the underlying causative genetic variants in individuals with mild isolated nonsyndromic thrombocytopenia.

Study Design and Methods

Thirteen known or candidate genes for isolated thrombocytopenia were included in a gene panel analysis in which targeted next‐generation sequencing was performed on 448 French blood donors with mild isolated nonsyndromic thrombocytopenia.

Results

A total of 68 rare variants, including missense, splice site, frameshift, nonsense, and in‐frame variants (all heterozygous) were identified in 11 of the 13 genes screened. Twenty‐nine percent (N = 20) of the variants detected were absent from both the French Exome Project and gnomAD exome databases. Using stringent criteria and an unbiased approach, we classified seven predicted loss‐of‐function variants (three in ITGA2B and four in TUBB1) and four missense variants (one in GP1BA, two in ITGB3 and one in ACTN1) as being pathogenic or likely pathogenic. Altogether, they were found in 13 members (approx. 3%) of our studied cohort.

Conclusion

We present the results of gene panel sequencing of known and candidate thrombocytopenia genes in mild isolated nonsyndromic thrombocytopenia. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in five known thrombocytopenia genes were identified, accounting for approximately 3% of individuals with the condition.
Are African exports that weak? A trade in value added approach
Authors: Njike Arnold
Published: August 2020

African countries are known to export less than any other group of countries in the world. Many studies have advanced that the main reason for this is the high level of transport costs due to the poor quality of transport infrastructures on the African continent. We first show that, depending on the estimator used, African countries as an aggregate do not necessarily trade a lower volume of gross exports than other countries on average, even though they clearly underperform in exports of final goods. This underperformance, reflected by the greater impact of bilateral trade costs such as distance on African exports of final goods compared to other countries, is not observed for African intermediate goods flows. Second, we formulate a model for trade in value added by adapting the standard gravity equation to take into account the structure of value added exports. The proposed model points up the importance of the indirect trade costs of third countries via which a country of origin's value added transits before reaching its final destination. When we control for these indirect trade costs in the value added trade estimation, the additional impact of the bilateral trade costs observed for African countries’ final goods exports is six times lower.
Influence of Students’ Learning Style and Performance in the Comprehensive English Class
Authors: Tu Haihua
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research was to improve Chinese university students’ performance in four aspects, namely sense of responsibility, academics in students’ grades, engagement and self-esteem by using student-centered learning approach at a University in China and quantitative and qualitative measurements. Changing students’ learning style was implemented with careful consideration. With that in mind, new English language learning process and teaching model were designed in order to improve the teaching and learning quality. Quantitative measurements was used for data analysis. The research instruments included a set of ten-item questionnaire as well as one open-ended question. In order to obtain the qualitative data, focus group interviews was done in team basis.
Evaluation of Interactions Between Thermal Piles Integrated in Building Foundations
Authors: Kwag Byung , Krarti Moncef
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the impact of thermal interactions between heat exchangers integrated within building foundation piles to meet space heating and cooling needs of buildings. Specifically, a three-dimensional transient numerical model is developed to evaluate the thermal performance of the foundation piles. The model is used to estimate the temperature variations within the soil medium under various operation conditions of thermo-active foundation (TAF) systems. Then, a series of parametric analyses is carried out to evaluate the influence of design parameters of the piles on the performance of TAF systems, including the interactive effects between piles as well as the impact of these piles on the building slab heat transfer. Then, the parametric analysis results are utilized to develop simplified calculation methods to assess the thermal impacts of the geometric features for the piles on both the performance of TAF systems as well as the building slab heat losses and/or gains. The developed simplified calculation methods are suitable to develop design guidelines in order to enhance the performance of thermal piles to heat and cool buildings.