bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional outcome of autologous anorectal transplantation in an experimental model
Authors: Seid V E , Galvão F H F , Vaidya A , Waisberg D R , Cruz R J , Chaib E , Nahas S C , Araujo S E A , D'Albuquerque L A C , Araki J
Published: February 2015

Background

Although anorectal transplantation is a challenging procedure, it is a promising option for patients who have completely lost anorectal function or in whom it failed to develop, as in congenital malformations. The paucity of animal models with which to test functional outcomes was addressed in this study of anorectal manometry in rats.

Methods

Wistar rats were assigned randomly to four groups: orthotopic anorectal transplantation, heterotopic transplantation, sham operation, or normal control. Bodyweight and anal pressure were measured immediately before and after operation, and on postoperative days 7 and 14. ANOVA and Tukey's test were used to compare results for bodyweight, anal manometry and length of procedure.

Results

Immediately after the procedure, mean(s.d.) anal pressure in the orthotopic group (n = 13) dropped from 31·4(13·1) to 1·6(13·1) cmH2O (P < 0·001 versus both sham operation (n = 13) and normal control (n = 15)), with partial recovery on postoperative day 7 (14·9(13·9) cmH2O) (P = 0·009 versus normal control) and complete recovery on day 14 (23·7(12·2) cmH2O). Heterotopic rats (n = 14) demonstrated partial functional recovery: mean(s.d.) anal pressure was 26·9(10·9) cmH2O before operation and 8·6(6·8) cmH2O on postoperative day 14 (P < 0·001 versus both sham and normal control).

Conclusion

Orthotopic anorectal transplantation may result in better functional outcomes than heterotopic procedures.
Hydrogen Spillover in Encapsulated Metal Catalysts: New Opportunities for Designing Advanced Hydroprocessing Catalysts
Authors: Choi Minkee , Yook Sunwoo , Kim Hyungjun
Published: February 2015

Hydrogen spillover has been one of the most debated concepts in the field of heterogeneous catalysis due to limited ways of studying it. The main controversies in hydrogen spillover, especially from the viewpoint of its catalytic functions, can be mainly attributed to the absence of well‐defined model catalysts that can provide direct proof of the catalytic functions of hydrogen spillover. In this article, we will provide an overview of the recent progress made with encapsulated metal catalysts, which can act as an ideal model catalyst for proving the existence and catalytic functions of hydrogen spillover. We will also demonstrate unique opportunities of using the encapsulated metal catalysts for designing advanced hydroprocessing catalysts with enhanced activity, distinct chemoselectivity, and increased catalyst durability.
Divergent Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Natural Product‐Inspired Bipartite Cyclodepsipeptides: Total Synthesis of Seragamide A
Authors: Arndt Hans‐Dieter , Rizzo Stefano , Nöcker Christina , Wakchaure Vijay N. , Milroy Lech‐Gustav , Bieker Vanessa , Calderon Abram , Tran Tuyen T. N. , Brand Silke , Dehmelt Leif , Waldmann Herbert
Published: February 2015

Macrocyclic natural products (NPs) and analogues thereof often show high affinity, selectivity, and metabolic stability, and methods for the synthesis of NP‐like macrocycle collections are of major current interest. We report an efficient solid‐phase/cyclorelease method for the synthesis of a collection of macrocyclic depsipeptides with bipartite peptide/polyketide structure inspired by the very potent F‐actin stabilizing depsipeptides of the jasplakinolide/geodiamolide class. The method includes the assembly of an acyclic precursor chain on a polymeric carrier, terminated by olefins that constitute complementary fragments of the polyketide section and cyclization by means of a relay‐ring‐closing metathesis (RRCM). The method was validated in the first total synthesis of the actin‐stabilizing cyclodepsipeptide seragamide A and the synthesis of a collection of structurally diverse bipartite depsipeptides.
Preparation, Surface and Crystal Structure, Band Energetics, Optoelectronic, and Photocatalytic Properties of AuxCd1−xS Nanorods
Authors: Singh Rohit , Pal Bonamali
Published: February 2015

A series of novel AuxCd1−xS materials (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1) were prepared and their optical properties, structural‐surface morphology, and photocatalytic activity for oxidation and reduction reactions under visible‐light irradiation were studied. X‐ray diffraction confirmed the shrinkage of the hexagonal crystal structure of CdS; the lattice parameters decreased as a=4.190→4.072 Å and b=c=6.790→6.635 Å with increased loading (1–10 mol %) of the Au3+ dopant. Optical spectra of AuxCd1−xS revealed a significant red‐shift (485→538 nm) of the absorption onset and band edge emission (506→530 nm) with notable quenching in photoluminescence. The bandgap energy decreases (2.71→2.41 eV) with increasing Au3+ doping of the CdS nanorods along with considerable shifting of valence band (+1.13→+1.04 eV) and conduction band positions (−1.58→−1.36 eV) versus NHE. The surface area of bare CdS (90.56 m2 g−1) is gradually reduced to 12.32 m2 g−1 with increasing Au3+ doping content. The photocatalytic activity considerably improves with doping, where the Au0.1Cd0.9S composite displays the highest levels of photooxidation (95 %) of 0.5 mM salicyldehyde and reduction of 5 mM m‐dinitrobenzene to m‐nitroaniline (44 %) and m‐phenylenediamine (52 %) relative to bare CdS (50 %) probably due to the homogeneous dispersion of Au3+ ions throughout CdS crystal, their superior band‐energetics for facile charge‐separation and better photostability.
Racial/ethnic differences in drug disposition and response: Review of recently approved drugs
Authors: Ramamoorthy A , Pacanowski MA , Bull J , Zhang L
Published: February 2015

Race and ethnicity can contribute to interindividual differences in drug exposure and/or response, which may alter risk–benefit in certain populations. Approximately one‐fifth of new drugs approved in the past 6 years demonstrated differences in exposure and/or response across racial/ethnic groups, translating to population‐specific prescribing recommendations in a few cases. When data from diverse populations were lacking, additional postmarketing studies were recommended. In this review we highlight several cases where race/ethnicity was central to regulatory decision‐making.
Silver Phosphate/Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Efficient Photocatalytic Tandem System for Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Tang Hua , Xu Jingsan , Antonietti Markus , Shalom Menny
Published: February 2015

Herein, we show the facile synthesis of an efficient silver phosphate/graphitic carbon nitride (Ag3PO4/g‐C3N4) photocatalyst for oxygen production and pollutant degradation by using electrostatically driven assembly and ion‐exchange processes. The composite materials demonstrate a sheet‐like C3N4 structure, decorated with different Ag3PO4 particles sizes. Detailed analysis of the reactions mechanism by electron‐spin resonance and radical‐capture agents strongly imply the formation of an in situ Z‐scheme by the evolution of small silver nanoparticles in the interface of the materials under illumination. The Ag nanoparticles improve charge separation within the composite material by acting as a storage and recombination center for electrons and holes from Ag3PO4 and C3N4, respectively. In addition, the photostability of Ag3PO4 is enhanced relative to that of the bulk materials, which results in a stabilized heterojunction. We believe that this work provides new insight into the operation mechanism of composite photocatalysts for water splitting and opens the possibility for advanced photocatalysis based on the higher oxidation power of Ag3PO4.
Heavy metals screening of rice bran oils and its relation to composition
Authors: Bakota Erica L. , Dunn Robert O. , Liu Sean X.
Published: February 2015

Rice bran oil contains beneficial compounds that contribute to its resistance to oxidation, as well as the health of consumers. However, concerns have surfaced in recent years related to the heavy metal content of rice and rice‐derived products. Rice is known to take up arsenic at a higher rate than other grain crops. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization recently set an acceptable limit of 0.2 μg/g of arsenic in rice, but no limits have been set for other edible products such as rice bran oil. Furthermore, arsenic levels in rice bran oil have not been thoroughly investigated. In this work we characterized both crude and refined rice bran oils, including detailed chemical composition, analysis of bioactive lipids, and a multi‐faceted approach for assessing prior oxidative history and stability of rice bran oils. We also analyzed levels of arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, and zinc. Metal concentrations were verified through two independent analytical laboratories. Concentrations of lead and cadmium in rice bran oils were generally low. Zinc concentrations were detectable but low relative to daily dietary allowances. Arsenic and mercury concentrations differed between the methods used to collect the data. We explore in this work the origins of these differences.

Practical applications: Rice absorbs arsenic at a high rate relative to other crops, which has lead to increased consumer concern regarding toxic metal contaminants in rice and rice products. Despite the recent interest in this topic and limited work by the US FDA to test arsenic levels in rice, metal concentrations in rice bran oils have remained unexplored. In this work, we offer a complete characterization of crude and refined rice bran oils, including analysis of arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, and zinc. This work explores the utility of different ICP methods for heavy metals analysis, and the work described here may provide context for much of the recent press surrounding metal contaminants in rice.

Heavy metal concentrations in eight different rice bran oils (µg/g). The relative sizes of metal ions are proportional to their most common ionic radius.
Are Benzoic Acids Always More Acidic Than Phenols? The Case ofortho‐,meta‐, andpara‐Hydroxybenzoic Acids
Authors: Galaverna Renan S. , Bataglion Giovana A. , Heerdt Gabriel , de Sa Gilberto F. , Daroda Romeu , Cunha Valnei S. , Morgon Nelson H. , Eberlin Marcos N.
Published: February 2015

To address the title question, the relative intrinsic acidities of phenol and benzoic acid as well as the isomeric family ofortho‐,meta‐, andpara‐hydroxybenzoic acids were compared. Dissociation of the [PhCO2···H···OPh]–proton‐bound dimer showed slightly greater acidity for benzoic acid. Using traveling‐wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM‐MS) with CO2as the drift gas and post‐TWIM collision‐induced dissociation, the gaseous deprotonated molecules of the isomeric hydroxybenzoic acids were properly separated and characterized. For theparaisomer, an intrinsic gas‐phase acidity order inverse to that in solution was found, as before, that is, the phenol site ofpara‐hydroxybenzoic acid was found to be considerably more acidic than its benzoic acid site, whereas the opposite was observed in solution, regardless of the solvent. However, for theorthoandmetaisomers, the inversion in acidity order upon going from solution to the gas phase was not observed, and gaseous carboxylate anions were still found to predominate over phenoxide anions. Actually, for theorthoisomer, an even greater acidity as estimated from proton affinity values for the benzoic acid site relative to that of the phenol site was predicted, and accordingly, only a single isomer was sampled by TWIM‐MS. Rationales for these contrasting trends based on interfering inductive effects, charge delocalization by resonance, and intraionic H‐bonds that govern the acidity of benzoic acid relative to that of phenols are presented.
Dermal exposure of Eisenia andrei earthworms: Effects of heavy metals on metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase gene expressions in coelomocytes
Authors: Homa Joanna , Rorat Agnieszka , Kruk Jerzy , Cocquerelle Claude , Plytycz Barbara , Vandenbulcke Franck
Published: February 2015

Parameters such as total number of coelomocytes, riboflavin content in coelomocytes, expression of genes implied in metal homeostasis, and detoxification mechanisms can be used as biomarkers to assess the impact of metals on annelids. Defense biomarkers (detoxification gene expressions and coelomocyte parameters) were investigated in the ecotoxicologically important species Eisenia andrei following in vivo exposure to 5 different metals (zinc, copper, nickel, lead, and cadmium) at known concentrations. Coelomocyte numbers and riboflavin content were not affected by metallic exposure, but metal-specific gene expression variations were evidenced. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1397–1404. © 2015 SETAC
Building Multiunit Ambidextrous Organizations—A Transformative Framework
Authors: Chebbi Hela , Yahiaoui Dorra , Vrontis Demetris , Thrassou Alkis
Published: February 2015

A pragmatic “holy grail” of organizational aspirations, ambidexterity is increasingly gaining the attention of executives and scholars alike, presenting them with a frame of thought and a functional strategic attitude that befits the perplexing nature of contemporary business contexts. Aiming to cover one of the most noticeable gaps in knowledge on the subject, this exploratory research studies the evolutionary process of a divisional multi‐business‐unit organization to an ambidextrous one. We thus identify the determinants of a successful evolution and propose an executive‐oriented comprehensive model towards divisionalized ambidexterity. In this context, we answer critical questions relating to the relative weight of innovation within multiunit business ambidexterity, the requisite means and aims of the structural and contextual determinants of success, and the role of top management. We conclude that there is a strategic need for balance between internal and external congruence; and that multiunit integration must be such as to achieve an internal solidification of systems and processes, as well as external adaptability and market flexibility; all within an incessantly changing and unpredictable business environment. The value of the research to human resource management knowledge lies in its focus on multiunit business ambidextrous evolution; and in its consequential scientifically founded practical elucidations of executive worth. Equally importantly, though, the findings transcend theoretical constrictions to provide an in‐context business perspective through a comprehensive system that considers also strategic and environmental realities. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stability of ion triplets in ionic liquid/lithium salt solutions: Insights from implicit and explicit solvent models and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Eilmes Andrzej , Kubisiak Piotr
Published: February 2015

Binding energies of ion triplets formed in ionic liquids by Li+ with two anions have been studied using quantum‐chemical calculations with implicit and explicit solvent supplemented by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Explicit solvent approach confirms variation of solute‐ionic liquid interactions at distances up to 2 nm, resulting from structure of solvation shells induced by electric field of the solute. Binding energies computed in explicit solvent and from the polarizable continuum model approach differ largely, even in sign, but relative values generally agree between these two models. Stabilities of ion triplets obtained in quantum‐chemical calculations for some systems disagree with MD results; the discrepancy is attributed to the difference between static optimized geometries used in quantum chemical modeling and dynamic structures of triplets in MD simulations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐electron images in real space: Natural adaptive orbitals
Authors: Menéndez Marcos , Álvarez Boto Roberto , Francisco Evelio , Martín Pendás Ángel
Published: February 2015

We introduce a general procedure to construct a set of one‐electron functions in chemical bonding theory, which remain physically sound both for correlated and noncorrelated electronic structure descriptions. These functions, which we call natural adaptive orbitals, decompose then‐center bonding indices used in real space theories of the chemical bond into one‐electron contributions. For then = 1 case, they coincide with the domain natural orbitals used in domain‐averaged Fermi hole analyses. We examine their interpretation in the two‐center case, and show how they behave and evolve in simple cases. Orbital pictures obtained through this technique converge onto the chemist's molecular orbital toolbox if electron correlation may be ignored, and provide new insight if it may not. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibition of radical reactions for an improved potassium tert‐butoxide‐promoted 11C‐methylation strategy for the synthesis of α‐11C‐methyl amino acids
Authors: Suzuki Chie , Kato Koichi , Tsuji Atsushi B. , Zhang Ming‐Rong , Arano Yasushi , Saga Tsuneo
Published: February 2015

α‐11C‐Methyl amino acids are useful tools for biological imaging studies. However, a robust procedure for the labeling of amino acids has not yet been established. In this study, the 11C‐methylation of Schiff‐base‐activated α‐amino acid derivatives has been optimized for the radiosynthesis of various α‐11C‐methyl amino acids. The benzophenone imine analog of methyl 2‐amino butyrate was 11C‐methylated with [11C]methyl iodide following its initial deprotonation with potassium tert‐butoxide (KOtBu). The use of an alternative base such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride, triethylamine, and 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene did not result in the 11C‐methylated product. Furthermore, the KOtBu‐promoted 11C‐methylation of the Schiff‐base‐activated amino acid analog was enhanced by the addition of 1,2,4,5‐tetramethoxybenzene or 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) and inhibited by the addition of 1,10‐phenanthroline. These results suggest that inhibition of radical generation induced by KOtBu improves the α‐11C‐methylation of the Schiff‐base‐activated amino acids. The addition of a mixture of KOtBu and TEMPO to a solution of Schiff‐base‐activated amino acid ester and [11C]methyl iodide provided optimal results, and the tert‐butyl ester and benzophenone imine groups could be readily hydrolyzed to give the desired α‐11C‐methyl amino acids with a high radiochemical conversion. This strategy could be readily applied to the synthesis of other α‐11C‐methyl amino acids.
Placement of a peripherally inserted central catheter into the azygous vein
Authors: Franklin Iain , Gilmore Christopher
Published: February 2015

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are used for a variety of infusion therapies. They are indicated in patients requiring long‐term venous access. Incorrect positioning of the insertion of a PICC line is one of the known complications when inserting the device in clinical practice. Radiographers once performing imaging will commonly check if the tip of a PICC has entered the superior vena cava. This case study will report on a lesser known incorrect placement of a PICC line into the azygous vein and how this can be detected on radiographic imaging. This outcome for the patient can be detrimental as it has an increased risk of perforation, thrombus, and fistula formation.
Crack initiation and propagation analysis at welds – assessing the total fatigue life of complex structures
Authors: Baumgartner J. , Waterkotte R.
Published: February 2015

The fatigue strength of complex welded structures may differ highly from that of a simple test specimen. The reason for this observation is in most cases the high amount of crack propagation on the total fatigue life. The aim of this work is to describe the complex failure mechanism with a two‐phase model. In this model, the crack initiation and crack propagation phase are assessed separately. The fatigue life until initiation of a crack is derived by notch stresses, calculated using stress averaging or the critical distance approach. The macro crack propagation is determined by fracture mechanics. The methods, which are available to determine the fatigue life until crack initiation, lead to reliable results. The determination of stress intensity factors proved to be demanding. Variations were observed depending on the calculation approach used. For application in industry, the applied approaches should be improved further.
Mechanisms of hydrogen‐induced cracking in high‐strength screws
Authors: Krauß C. , Golenishcheva O. , Andersohn G. , Oechsner M.
Published: February 2015

Low alloyed high strength steels with yield strength above 1200 MPa are increasingly implemented for the reduction of the component weight in the automotive industry. This material type is known for its susceptibility to hydrogen assisted cracking. Both, manufacturing process induced and hydrogen induced embrittlement during component operation have to be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different zinc‐containing topcoats on hydrogen re‐embrittlement. The susceptibility of high strength fasteners (strength class 12.9) with various zinc‐based topcoats (electroplated zinc, electroplated zinc‐nickel, galvanized zinc and zinc‐flake) were tested under various corrosive environmental conditions. It is shown that the zinc‐containing topcoats impose a different susceptibility on hydrogen re‐embrittlement. Under the tested environmental conditions, fasteners with electroplated zinc revealed a decrease in the fracture load compared to the heat treated black specimen. In contrast to that, an electroplated zinc‐nickel topcoat demonstrated a failure at the loads slightly exceeding the fracture load of the uncoated specimen.
Life estimation methodology for short fiber reinforced polymers under thermo‐mechanical loading in automotive applications
Authors: Schaaf A. , De Monte M. , Moosbrugger E. , Vormwald M. , Quaresimin M.
Published: February 2015

In this paper a FE based lifetime assessment methodology for short glass fiber reinforced polybutylene terephthalate (PBT‐GF30) under thermo‐mechanical fatigue (TMF) loading is presented.

In order to investigate the fatigue behavior of the material both isothermal strain controlled fatigue (ISCF) tests at four different temperatures and thermo‐mechanical fatigue tests were conducted on plain and notched specimens.

Through a comparative microscopic investigation of thermo‐mechanical fatigue fracture surfaces and isothermal strain controlled fatigue fracture surfaces created at different temperatures the material state (i.e. the temperature) at which thermo‐mechanical fatigue failure occurs was determined.

On the basis of this insight a life estimation methodology derived from a strain energy density (SED) based approach was developed for the corresponding isothermal strain controlled fatigue load case [1]. Through consideration of additional effects occurring during thermo‐mechanical fatigue testing (i.e. relaxation, spatial temperature gradients, creep damage due to low testing frequencies and plastic overloads) the isothermal approach was successfully adapted to the thermo‐mechanical fatigue load case.
A particle method for two‐phase flows with large density difference
Authors: Luo M. , Koh C. G. , Gao M. , Bai W.
Published: February 2015

A new numerical approach for solving incompressible two‐phase flows is presented in the framework of the recently developed Consistent Particle Method (CPM). In the context of the Lagrangian particle formulation, the CPM computes spatial derivatives based on the generalized finite difference scheme and produces good results for single‐phase flow problems. Nevertheless, for two‐phase flows, the method cannot be directly applied near the fluid interface because of the abrupt discontinuity of fluid density resulting in large change in pressure gradient. This problem is resolved by dealing with the pressure gradient normalized by density, leading to a two‐phase CPM of which the original singlephase CPM is a special case. In addition, a new adaptive particle selection scheme is proposed to overcome the problem of ill‐conditioned coefficient matrix of pressure Poisson equation when particles are sparse and non‐uniformly spaced. Numerical examples of Rayleigh–Taylor instability, gravity current flow, water‐air sloshing and dam break are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method in wave profile and pressure solution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of partitioned methods for the Biot System
Authors: Bukac Martina , Layton William , Moraiti Marina , Tran Hoang , Trenchea Catalin
Published: February 2015

In this work, we present a comprehensive study of several partitioned methods for the coupling of flow and mechanics. We derive energy estimates for each method for the fully‐discrete problem. We write the obtained stability conditions in terms of a key control parameter defined as a ratio of the coupling strength and the speed of propagation. Depending on the parameters in the problem, give the choice of the partitioned method which allows the largest time step. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 1769–1813, 2015
pH responsiveness of fibrous assemblies of repeat‐sequence amphipathic α‐helix polypeptides
Authors: Takei Toshiaki , Tsumoto Kouhei , Okonogi Atsuhito , Kimura Akiko , Kojima Shuichi , Yazaki Kazumori , Takei Tsunetomo , Ueda Takuya , Miura Kin‐ichiro
Published: February 2015

We reported previously that our designed polypeptide α3 (21 residues), which has three repeats of a seven‐amino‐acid sequence (LETLAKA)3, forms not only an amphipathic α‐helix structure but also long fibrous assemblies in aqueous solution. To address the relationship between the electrical states of the polypeptide and its α‐helix and fibrous assembly formation, we characterized mutated polypeptides in which charged amino acid residues of α3 were replaced with Ser. We prepared the following polypeptides: 2Sα3 (LSTLAKA)3, in which all Glu residues were replaced with Ser residues; 6Sα3 (LETLASA)3, in which all Lys residues were replaced with Ser; and 2S6Sα3 (LSTLASA)3; in which all Glu and Lys residues were replaced with Ser. In 0.1M KCl, 2Sα3 formed an α‐helix under basic conditions and 6Sα3 formed an α‐helix under acid conditions. In 1M KCl, they both formed α‐helices under a wide pH range. In addition, 2Sα3 and 6Sα3 formed fibrous assemblies under the same buffer conditions in which they formed α‐helices. α‐Helix and fibrous assembly formation by these polypeptides was reversible in a pH‐dependent manner. In contrast, 2S6Sα3 formed an α‐helix under basic conditions in 1M KCl. Taken together, these findings reveal that the charge states of the charged amino acid residues and the charge state of the Leu residue located at the terminus play an important role in α‐helix formation.
On the correlation between perceptual inundation caused by realistic immersive environmental auditory scenes and the sensory gating inventory in schizophrenia
Authors: El-Kaim A. , Aramaki M. , Ystad S. , Kronland-Martinet R. , Cermolacce M. , Naudin J. , Vion-Dury J. , Micoulaud-Franchi J.-A.
Published: February 2015

Background

In schizophrenia, perceptual inundation related to sensory gating deficit can be evaluated “off-line” with the sensory gating inventory (SGI) and “on-line” during listening tests. However, no study investigated the relation between “off-line evaluation” and “on-line evaluation”. The present study investigates this relationship.

Methods

A sound corpus of 36 realistic environmental auditory scenes was obtained from a 3D immersive synthesizer. Twenty schizophrenic patients and twenty healthy subjects completed the SGI and evaluated the feeling of “inundation” from 1 (“null”) to 5 (“maximum”) for each auditory scene. Sensory gating deficit was evaluated in half of each population group with P50 suppression electrophysiological measure.

Results

Evaluation of inundation during sound listening was significantly higher in schizophrenia (3.25) compared to the control group (2.40, P < .001). The evaluation of inundation during the listening test correlated significantly with the perceptual modulation (n = 20, rho = .52, P = .029) and the over-inclusion dimensions (n = 20, rho = .59, P = .01) of the SGI in schizophrenic patients and with the P50 suppression for the entire group of controls and patients who performed ERP recordings (n = 20, rho = −.49, P = .027).

Conclusion

An evaluation of the external validity of the SGI was obtained through listening tests. The ability to control acoustic parameters of each of the realistic immersive environmental auditory scenes might in future research make it possible to identify acoustic triggers related to perceptual inundation in schizophrenia.
Evaluation of a Pilot Educational Program on Safe and Effective Insertion and Management of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters
Authors: Higgins Niall , Keogh Samantha , Rickard Claire
Published: February 2015

Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion and subsequent care have been highlighted as areas for improvement in the management of intravascular devices; however, only the fundamentals of PIVC care are routinely taught to registered nurses in Australia. In 2013, a vascular access-focused elective postgraduate course, Peripheral Intravenous Access and Care (8035NRS) was commenced for students enrolled in any of the Griffith University master's degree programs. It was developed with the intent to translate research knowledge into practice by providing access to the latest research findings and current best practices in peripheral intravenous access. Topics covered preinsertion, insertion, and postinsertion care and were developed for the online environment, which is known to be conducive to individual student learning styles. Learning activities included viewing short videos delivered by local and international clinical researchers. This course is the first known university-provided, postgraduate academic course on this subject in Australia, and possibly 1 of the few available internationally. The course succeeded in its aim of increasing knowledge and skills about safe, evidence-based PIVC insertion and care to registered nurses. Its development and implementation at the postgraduate level may be regarded as a strategy to provide a greater understanding regarding scope and relevance for nursing practice and for informed decision making on optimum integration at the undergraduate level. This ultimately will increase positive patient outcomes and the patient experience of vascular access.
The equilibrium dynamics and statistics of gravity–capillary waves
Authors: Melville W. Kendall , Fedorov Alexey V.
Published: February 2015

Recent field observations and modelling of breaking surface gravity waves suggest that air-entraining breaking is not sufficiently dissipative of surface gravity waves to balance the dynamics of wind-wave growth and nonlinear interactions with dissipation for the shorter gravity waves of $O(10)$  cm wavelength. Theories of parasitic capillary waves that form at the crest and forward face of shorter steep gravity waves have shown that the dissipative effects of these waves may be one to two orders of magnitude greater than the viscous dissipation of the underlying gravity waves. Thus the parasitic capillaries may provide the required dissipation of the short wind-generated gravity waves. This has been the subject of speculation and conjecture in the literature. Using the nonlinear theory of Fedorov & Melville (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 354, 1998, pp. 1–42), we show that the dissipation due to the parasitic capillaries is sufficient to balance the wind input to the short gravity waves over some range of wave ages and wave slopes. The range of gravity wave lengths on which these parasitic capillary waves are dynamically significant approximately corresponds to the range of short gravity waves that Cox & Munk (J. Mar. Res., vol. 13, 1954, pp. 198–227) found contributed significantly to the mean square slope of the ocean surface, which they measured to be proportional to the wind speed. Here we show that the mean square slope predicted by the theory is proportional to the square of the friction velocity of the wind, ${u_{\ast }}^{2}$, for small wave slopes, and approximately $u_{\ast }$ for larger slopes.
Stable oxygen isotope chemostratigraphy and paleotemperature regime of mosasaurs at Bentiaba, Angola
Authors: Strganac C. , Jacobs L.L. , Polcyn M.J. , Ferguson K.M. , Mateus O. , Gonçalves A. Olímpio , Morais M.-L. , da Silva Tavares T.
Published: February 2015

Stable oxygen isotope values of inoceramid marine bivalve shells recovered from Bentiaba, Angola, are utilised as a proxy for paleotemperatures during the Late Cretaceous development of the African margin of the South Atlantic Ocean. The δ18O values derived from inoceramids show a long-term increase from –3.2‰ in the Late Turonian to values between –0.8 and –1.8‰ in the Late Campanian. Assuming a constant oceanic δ18O value, an ∼2‰ increase may reflect cooling of the shallow marine environment at Bentiaba by approximately 10°. Bentiaba values are offset by about +1‰ from published records for bathyal Inoceramus at Walvis Ridge. This offset in δ18O values suggests a temperature difference of ∼5° between coastal and deeper water offshore Angola. Cooler temperatures implied by the δ18O curve at Bentiaba coincide with the stratigraphic distribution of diverse marine amniotes, including mosasaurs, at Bentiaba.
A Crowded Agenda: Labor Reform and Coalition Politics during the Great Society
Authors: Johnston Travis M.
Published: February 2015

For much of the post-WWII era, conservative forces blocked progressive labor policy from reaching a floor vote. With huge Democratic majorities in Congress, the 1960s represented a rare opportunity for unions to substantively alter industrial relations policy. The decade served as an important moment of policy development for numerous groups in the coalition. Organized labor, however, made few gains during this prolific era. Despite labor's central position within the governing coalition, Democrats repeatedly failed to pass their most important legislative ambition, the repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act's right-to-work clause. In 1965, Democrats nearly achieved this goal when such a bill passed the House, only to be blocked by a filibuster in the Senate. By analyzing the Democrats' legislative priorities during the Great Society, I show how coalitional politics structured the party's policy agenda and how this ordering affected legislation in turn. With the infusion of new coalitional demands, party elites strategically placed labor's controversial issue at the end of a long legislative agenda, effectively eliminating any chance for passage. Rather than locating all blame with the usual suspects, this rarely studied episode suggests that President Johnson and his leaders in Congress played a central role in the bill's failure. The study provides new insight into the process, and consequences, by which party leaders decide whose issues to prioritize when setting the agenda.
The Incorporation of Nanoparticles into Conventional Glass-Ionomer Dental Restorative Cements
Authors: Gjorgievska Elizabeta , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Nicholson John W. , Coleman Nichola J. , Slipper Ian J. , Booth Samantha
Published: February 2015

Conventional glass-ionomer cements (GICs) are popular restorative materials, but their use is limited by their relatively low mechanical strength. This paper reports an attempt to improve these materials by incorporation of 10 wt% of three different types of nanoparticles, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium dioxide, into two commercial GICs (ChemFil® Rock and EQUIA™ Fil). The results indicate that the nanoparticles readily dispersed into the cement matrix by hand mixing and reduced the porosity of set cements by filling the empty spaces between the glass particles. Both cements showed no significant difference in compressive strength with added alumina, and ChemFil® Rock also showed no significant difference with zirconia. By contrast, ChemFil® Rock showed significantly higher compressive strength with added titania, and EQUIA™ Fil showed significantly higher compressive strength with both zirconia and titania. Fewer air voids were observed in all nanoparticle-containing cements and this, in turn, reduced the development of cracks within the matrix of the cements. These changes in microstructure provide a likely reason for the observed increases in compressive strength, and overall the addition of nanoparticles appears to be a promising strategy for improving the physical properties of GICs.
THE MINIMAL WITH CONSTANT SECTIONAL CURVATURE IN
Authors: HU SEN , LI KANG
Published: February 2015

It is known that the minimal 3-spheres of CR type with constant sectional curvature have been classified explicitly, and also that the weakly Lagrangian case has been studied. In this paper, we provide some examples of minimal 3-spheres with constant curvature in the complex projective space, which are neither of CR type nor weakly Lagrangian, and give the adapted frame of a minimal 3-sphere of CR type with constant sectional curvature.
Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) als schulenübergreifende Psychotherapie der chronischen Depression
Authors: Jäger Anna-Maria , Brakemeier Eva-Lotta
Published: February 2015

Die chronische Depression ist eine schwer beeinträchtigende psychische Störung, welche meist schon während der Kindheit beginnt. Viele der betroffenen Patienten berichten über frühe traumatisierende Beziehungserfahrungen mit wichtigen Bezugspersonen. Aufgrund der hohen Therapieresistenz stellt sie eine therapeutische Herausforderung dar. Das Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) ist die erste Psychotherapie, welche speziell für diese Patientengruppe entwickelt wurde. CBASP kombiniert schulenübergreifend behaviorale, kognitiv-emotionale, interpersonelle und psychodynamisch-analytische Theorien, indem Kindheits- und Lebenserfahrungen in einen Zusammenhang zu aktuellen interpersonellen Problemen gestellt werden. Zentrale Therapie-Elemente sind die Liste prägender Bezugspersonen mit Übertragungshypothesen, Situationsanalysen mit Verhaltenstrainings durch Rollenspiele, interpersonelle Strategien und Transferübungen. Die therapeutische Rolle ist gekennzeichnet durch das disziplinierte Preisgeben eigener Gefühle und Reaktionen auf die Verhaltensweisen chronisch Depressiver, um dem Patienten korrigierende und heilsame Beziehungserfahrungen zu ermöglichen. Randomisiert kontrollierte Studien und Einzelfallstudien konnten die Wirksamkeit von CBASP in der Behandlung der chronischen Depression nachweisen. Nach den Kriterien der American Psychiatric Association kann CBASP mittlerweile als empirisch validiert angesehen werden. Weitere Studien, insbesondere zum Vergleich mit anderen Psychotherapien sowie Prozess- und Prädiktorstudien, sind jedoch wichtig und laufen derzeit. Zudem wird CBASP für verschiedene Settings (stationär, in Gruppen) und andere Störungsbilder modifiziert.Im Beitrag erfolgt abschließend eine kritische Diskussion und Würdigung des Ansatzes.
Akzeptanz- und Commitment Therapie (ACT)
Authors: Pleger Mareike , Schade Christoph , Diefenbacher Albert , Burian Ronald
Published: February 2015

Die Akzeptanz- und Commitment Therapie (ACT) ist ein junges Therapieverfahren, welches maßgeblich aus der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) entstanden ist und in der Praxis zunehmend Verbreitung findet. Dabei werden die behavioralen und kognitiven Komponenten der VT vor allem durch Achtsamkeit, Wertorientierung und Akzeptanz ergänzt. Die ACT findet ihre theoretische Begründung in der Bezugsrahmentheorie. Darauf aufbauend wurde für ACT ein konzeptionelles Störungsmodell entwickelt, aus welchem sich klare Behandlungsziele ableiten lassen. Bei ACT werden Behandlungsziele im Gegensatz zu vielen traditionellen Verfahren fundamental anders formuliert: Es geht nicht darum, Symptome und Beschwerden loszuwerden, sondern sein Leben so zu gestalten, dass es Sinn und Wert erhält. Dies kann im Einzelfall heißen, Symptome und Beschwerden anzunehmen und zu akzeptieren, statt wertvolle Lebenszeit im Kampf mit ihnen zu verbringen. Dieser Ansatz macht ACT besonders interessant für die Arbeit mit Patienten, die an chronischen und therapierefraktären Erkrankungen leiden. Desgleichen erscheint ACT durch die explizite Orientierung an Lebenswerten und Akzeptanz für den Einsatz in resilienz-fördernden Präventionsprogrammen prädestiniert. Es existieren bereits einige Metaanalysen, sowie störungsspezifische Studien, die sich mit der Wirksamkeit von der ACT befasst haben. Obwohl die Forschungsergebnisse variieren, weist ein Großteil der Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die ACT eine wirksame Therapiemethode zu sein scheint. ACT bereichert das Methodenrepertoire in der klinischen Praxis, insbesondere in Bezug auf den aktuellen Forschungsstand werden im vorliegenden Artikel jedoch einige Aspekte kritisch betrachtet.
A gold nanorod-based localized surface plasmon resonance platform for the detection of environmentally toxic metal ions
Authors: Jayabal Subramaniam , Pandikumar Alagarsamy , Lim Hong Ngee , Ramaraj Ramasamy , Sun Tong , Huang Nay Ming
Published: February 2015

This review describes recent advances in gold nanorod-based localized surface plasmon resonance sensors for detection of environmentally toxic metal ions.
Reversible crystal deformation of a single-crystal host of copper(ii) 1-naphthoate—pyrazine through crystal phase transition induced by methanol vapor sorption
Authors: Takasaki Yuichi , Takamizawa Satoshi
Published: February 2015

A single-crystal host of copper(ii) 1-naphthoate—pyrazine reversibly deformed during the first-order phase transition induced by methanol vapor desorption and adsorption.
Post-synthesis functionalization of a zeolitic imidazolate structure ZIF-90: a study on removal of Hg(ii) from water and epoxidation of alkenes
Authors: Bhattacharjee Samiran , Lee Yu-Ri , Ahn Wha-Seung
Published: February 2015

Thiol-functionalized ZIF-90 (ZIF-90-SH) and its Mn(ii)-immobilized form (ZIF-90-S[Mn]) were prepared. The former exhibited an Hg2+adsorption capacity ofca.22.4 mg g−1at room temperature and ZIF-90-S[Mn] showed good catalytic performance in the epoxidation of several important alkenes using molecular oxygen under atmospheric pressure.
Modeling the response of a quartz crystal microbalance under nanoscale confinement and slip boundary conditions
Authors: Qiao Xiaoxi , Zhang Xiangjun , Tian Yu , Meng Yonggang
Published: February 2015

Theoretical analysis models of QCM under nanoscale confinement and slip boundary conditions are established and verified experimentally.
Synthetic fluorescent probes for studying copper in biological systems
Authors: Cotruvo, Jr. Joseph A. , Aron Allegra T. , Ramos-Torres Karla M. , Chang Christopher J.
Published: February 2015

This review surveys fluorescent probes for copper, emphasizing desirable criteria for their effective use for discovery and study of new metal biology.
Beyond iron: non-classical biological functions of bacterial siderophores
Authors: Johnstone Timothy C. , Nolan Elizabeth M.
Published: February 2015

Non-classical siderophores functions are reviewed and evaluated with suggestions for future directions of investigation.
A hypoxia efficient imidazole-based Ru(ii) arene anticancer agent resistant to deactivation by glutathione
Authors: Purkait Kallol , Karmakar Subhendu , Bhattacharyya Sudipta , Chatterjee Saptarshi , Dey Suman Kr , Mukherjee Arindam
Published: February 2015

[RuII(η6-p-cym)(L)Cl](PF6) is slow to hydrolyze and shows better anticancer activity in hypoxia with strong resistance to deactivation byl-glutathione.
SiO2-coated sulfur particles with mildly reduced graphene oxide as a cathode material for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Campbell Brennan , Bell Jeffrey , Hosseini Bay Hamed , Favors Zachary , Ionescu Robert , Ozkan Cengiz S. , Ozkan Mihrimah
Published: February 2015

SiO2-coated particles were synthesized using wet chemical processes under ambient conditions as a novel lithium-sulfur cathode material. Performance was further improvedviaaddition of mildly reduced graphene oxide (mrGO).
Interaction of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen with vacancies and solutes in tungsten
Authors: You Yu-Wei , Kong Xiang-Shan , Wu Xue-Bang , Liu C. S. , Fang Q. F. , Chen J. L. , Luo G.-N.
Published: February 2015

Investigating the behaviors of impurities such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen within tungsten is crucial to understanding the formation of compounds which can substantially influence the physical and chemical properties of tungsten.
Colorimetric and fluorogenic signalling of fluoride ions by diketopyrrolopyrrole-based chemosensor
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng , Zhang Gege , Li Yexin , Liu Zheng , Gong Xiaoqian , Gao Bin , Zhang Guangyou , Cui Yu , Sun Guoxin
Published: February 2015

A new colorimetric and on–off fluorescence sensor based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) was synthesized for detection of fluoride anion.
Mononuclear Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) complexes with a simple diamine ligand: synthesis, structure, phosphodiester binding and DNA cleavage studies
Authors: Sureshbabu Popuri , Tjakraatmadja A. A. J. Sudarga , Hanmandlu Chittepu , Elavarasan K. , Kulak Nora , Sabiah Shahulhameed
Published: February 2015

Mononuclear Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) complexes with simple 1,2-diaminocylohexane were synthesized. They interact with phosphodiesters and CT-DNA. Cu(ii) complex with ascorbate efficiently cleaves supercoiled DNA up to Form III at 25 µM under oxidative pathway.
Recent advances in methanation catalysts for the production of synthetic natural gas
Authors: Gao Jiajian , Liu Qing , Gu Fangna , Liu Bin , Zhong Ziyi , Su Fabing
Published: February 2015

This review summarizes the recent progress in methanation catalysts for SNG production, which will provide insights for future catalysts design.
Design of protein crystals in the development of solid biomaterials
Authors: Abe Satoshi , Ueno Takafumi
Published: February 2015

Protein crystals have been functionalized for applications in preparation of inorganic materials, asymmetric catalysis and accumulation of functional compounds.
Asymmetrical squaraines for high-performance small-molecule organic solar cells with a short circuit current of over 12 mA cm−2
Authors: Chen Yao , Zhu Youqin , Yang Daobin , Luo Qian , Yang Lin , Huang Yan , Zhao Suling , Lu Zhiyun
Published: February 2015

Asymmetrical squaraine dyes with two aryl groups directly linked to the squaric acid core were synthesized, and exhibited excellent photovoltaic performance.
Probing a new approach for warm white light generation in lanthanide doped nanophosphors
Authors: Rai M. , Kaur G. , Singh S. K. , Rai S. B.
Published: February 2015

Warm white light generation through modification of CCT by incorporation of the defect level induced emission of ZnO in Y1.993Dy0.001Tm0.006O3 nano-phosphors.
Synthesis of two-dimensional mesoporous carbon nitride under different carbonization temperatures and investigation of its catalytic properties in Knoevenagel condensations
Authors: Zhang Lina , Wang Hao , Qin Zhangfeng , Wang Jianguo , Fan Weibin
Published: February 2015

Ordered two-dimensional mesoporous carbon nitride materials with tunable surface area, pore volume and nitrogen content were prepared under different carbonization temperatures and tested for Knoevenagel condensation reactions.
DNA-capped Fe3O4/SiO2 magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles for potential controlled drug release and hyperthermia
Authors: Zhu Yufang , Tao Cuilian
Published: February 2015

DNA-capped Fe3O4/SiO2 magnetic mesoporous silica (MMS) nanoparticles were developed for potential temperature controlled drug release and magnetic hyperthermia.
The influences of preparation methods on the structure and catalytic performance of single-wall carbon nanotubes supported palladium catalysts in nitrocyclohexane hydrogenation
Authors: Liu Sihua , Hao Fang , Liu Pingle , Luo He'an
Published: February 2015

Preparation methods on the structure and catalytic performance of single-wall carbon nanotubes supported palladium catalysts.
Fabrication and performance study of a zwitterionic polyimide antifouling ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Liu Yang , Ma Chao , Wang Shaofeng , Guo Hanxiang , Zhang Binhan , Zhang Li , Gu Kaili , Gu Jiyou
Published: February 2015

The design and synthesis of a zwitterionic polyimide open up new avenues for development of antifouling membranes.