bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apprendre en géométrie, entre adaptation et acculturation. Langage et activité géométrique
Authors: Bulf Caroline , Mathé Anne-Cécile , Mithalal Joris
Published: January 2018

In didactics, we usually consider that learning geometry is linked to problem solving, as this makes the knowledge useful. Nevertheless, learning geometry also involves discovering ways of acting, of talking, of interpreting the problems, based on a social construction that is specific to geometry. Then, the question is to understand how these two dimensions of the geometrical activity are intertwined, and how they interact in the knowledge construction process. The role of language during the learning process seems to be crucial for this, so we try in this article to use a methodological tool, so called frequentation modes, to describe a pupil’s activity and its evolution. This aims at combining language analysis to the more usual ones about problem solving, and at studying the interactions between the many faces of the pupils’geometrical activity. At the end, it helps better understanding the mechanism of its evolution, due both to adaptation mechanism and social construct of knowledge.
Y a-t-il une littéracie adolescente ?
Authors: Schneider Élisabeth
Published: January 2018

Le questionnement sur la littéracie est renouvelé par les nouveaux dispositifs d’écriture que sont par exemple le mobile et les réseaux sociaux numériques. Pour penser la complexité de la place de l’écriture dans la vie adolescente, il faut s’appuyer sur les apports de la géographie et des SIC pour penser respectivement la spatialité des situations d’écriture et les processus de production et de circulation des écrits. L’individuation et la socialisation adolescente mises en oeuvre avec l’écriture peuvent se penser par ailleurs de manière fructueuse avec la médiance. La richesse des usages de l’écriture par les adolescents ouvre la voie à une géographie de l’écriture et une perspective littéracienne renouvelée.
Littératie informatique : quels ancrages théoriques pour quels apprentissages ?
Authors: Drot-Delange Béatrice
Published: January 2018

Nous analysons un corpus de textes principalement anglophones, scientifiques ou prescriptifs, concernant la notion de littératie informatique, depuis les années soixante-dix, pour en cerner les ancrages théoriques. Les textes étudiés procèdent par analogie avec la lecture et l’écriture. Il n’y a cependant pas d’accord sur les contours de cette littératie. Elle est considérée comme un continuum de compétences, comme une métaphore ou comme un mode de pensée. La place de la programmation y est analysée. Nous concluons sur l’intérêt d’une réflexion en termes de littératie pour l’enseignement de l’informatique.
Évaluer une pratique en situation. L’activité de supervision d’arbitres de rugby : entre attribution spontanée de valeur et délibération
Authors: Boyer Simon , Rix-Lièvre Géraldine , Récopé Michel
Published: January 2018

Cet article examine la manière dont un évaluateur produit des jugements évaluatifs sur une pratique dynamique et complexe et il questionne la place des attributions spontanées de valeur dans une évaluation instituée. Le travail empirique se centre sur la supervision d’arbitres de rugby telle qu’elle se déroule pendant un match. Il identifie quatre modalités de construction d’évaluations locales et deux ordres d’évaluation globale, l’un fondé sur l’appréciation de jugements évaluatifs locaux, l’autre sur la mobilisation d’indicateurs posés a priori. Le superviseur intègre la dynamique de la pratique dans celle de son évaluation : il laisse certains jugements locaux en suspens et construit des jugements globaux prenant en charge des jugements antécédents. Si l’évaluation s’élabore à partir d’attributions spontanées de valeur, celles-ci sont explicitées, inscrites dans des délibérations et mises à l’épreuve d’indicateurs.
Le développement professionnel des professeurs de l’enseignement agricole public français lors de leur entrée dans le métier
Authors: Marcel Jean-François
Published: January 2018

This study concerns the professional development of of trainee teachers french public agricultural education during their year of initial training. It''s based on an empirical corpus produced during a writing workshop and it characterizes the nature of the two aspects of their professional development (that relating to learn to do his job and that relating to learn to be his job). Then, it analyzes the process itself (from three distinct phases and two thresholds : success in competitive examination and inspection). It seeks to clarify the contribution of the quest for professional recognition and strategies to conquer the autonomy to this development, which clarifies the definition in connection with the reforms of teacher training in France.
Formation et pratique des enseignants. Regard porté sur l’évaluation en EPS
Authors: Mougenot Lucie , Dugas Éric
Published: January 2018

Evaluation is a central theme disseminated in teachers’ everyday. Theoretical advances widely disseminated and being subject of many publications are not transposed as such at school. We asked 179 high school teachers in order to identify their conceptions and evaluation practices using a questionnaire. Finally, our results show a wide variety of practices, and especially the persistence of traditional and summative evaluation : formative evaluation is regularly deflected from its original purpose by being associated with a note, creating confusion in evaluation objectives.
L’observation de la présence dans des situations d’improvisation en danse : l’incertitude comme condition d’apprentissage
Authors: Cornus Sabine , Marsault Christelle
Published: January 2018

Our study concerns learning conditions in order to develop the body presence within the framework of an improvisation teaching. It shows that constraints based on the context uncertainty produce an effect on the presence of the dancer. The increase of interactions with others dancers and environment induces the emergence of movements created at the instant t. The presence corresponds to a body experience is an integral part of one and its environment. Creating uncertainties in the improviser’s environment is not only an instrument of exploration and training for the dancer but also for investigative research.
Quand la complexité des supports d’apprentissage fait obstacle à la compréhension de tous les élèves
Authors: Bautier Elisabeth
Published: January 2018

This paper examines the problem of social inequality among students from the point of view of extended literacy, focusing specifically on school literacy – in other words, literacy related to the understanding of complex material used to promote knowledge construction. The aim is to demonstrate the value of the theoretical framework developed by Basil Bernstein and the heuristic value of Bernstein’s core concepts (and in particular the concepts of universalistic and particularistic meanings) for understanding and describing inequalities in learning.
Pratiques de lecture d’albums de littérature de jeunesse dans deux classes de petite et moyenne section de maternelle
Authors: Boiron Véronique
Published: January 2018

Cette étude s’intéresse aux pratiques de lecture d’albums de jeunesse de deux enseignantes de cycle 1. Les albums qu’elles ont choisis font référence à des expériences sociales vécues par les élèves ou bien à des expériences sociales non partagées. L’objectif est de montrer comment des pratiques enseignantes de lecture prennent en charge ces différents types d’expérience mises en texte et en images dans des albums de fiction. Pour ce faire, l’analyse porte sur les échanges verbaux construits au cours des lectures.
La diffusion des fiches à l’école maternelle
Authors: Joigneaux Christophe
Published: January 2018

Parallèlement à la systématisation, depuis une trentaine d’années, de l’usage des fiches à l’école maternelle, ce type de support s’est métamorphosé : le contenu sémiotique des fiches tend à s’enrichir dans la mesure où elles comportent un nombre croissant de signes qui peuvent différer selon de plus en plus de propriétés (formes, couleurs, tailles, orientations…) ; leur agencement graphique se complexifie. Pourtant, une grande majorité d’enseignants de maternelle privilégie aujourd’hui l’usage des fiches lors de périodes durant lesquelles les élèves sont censés travailler au sein d’ateliers «autonomes» . L’analyse de ces usages conduit à penser qu’ils sont au centre de la recomposition actuelle des pratiques pédagogiques observables dès l’école maternelle, conduisant à déléguer de plus en plus aux élèves la responsabilité de la conduite de leur activité intellectuelle, sans qu’ils soient toujours disposés à assumer cette autonomie accrue.
Film de fiction en classe d’histoire et inégalité des compétences d’interprétation
Authors: Doussot Sylvain
Published: January 2018

Des travaux de sociologie des savoirs montrent les liens entre situations de classe centrées sur l’élève, et développement des difficultés des élèves socialement éloignés des attentes scolaires. La recherche didactique peut prendre en charge et préciser ces liens. C’est ce que propose cette étude de cas d’une séquence d’histoire construite autour de l’usage spécifique d’un film de fiction, à propos des pratiques langagières de gestion des multiples discours présents dans la classe (notamment des dispositions à produire des interprétations). Le détour par des catégories didactiques questionne et spécifie les généralisations sociologiques en distinguant les attentes d’ordre scolaire et les conditions de l’apprentissage d’une discipline comme l’histoire.
Biodiversité et recomposition disciplinaire en SVT. Une étude de cas à partir des manuels scolaires de collège et de lycée
Authors: Barroca-Paccard Marco
Published: January 2018

The word biodiversity is now fully integrated in the vocabulary of French educational system within curriculum of biology and geology in secondary school and seems to represent an opportunity to built discernment in the context of a socioscientific education. However, biodiversity is not necessarily so easily integrated within the French scholarly discipline of SVT (i. e. biology and geology). The central concern of this work is to uncover and interpret the terms of SVT transformations which may result from the integration of the concept of biodiversity. Analysis of the curriculum matrix must integrate complex societal issues generating fruitful nodes of tension. The analysis we will conduct focuses on the potential curriculum that allows to address the forms and functions of teaching biodiversity as presented in school textbooks. From the theoretical and methodological framework presented, these changes may questioned SVT scholar textbooks. As a result, a very functionalist action of humanity appears, without articulation between traditional scholarly discipline issues and socio-scientific dimension.
Les déterminants de la réussite à l’université. Quels apports de la recherche en Éducation ? Quelles perspectives de recherche ?
Authors: Duguet Amélie , Lambert-Le Mener Marielle , Morlaix Sophie
Published: January 2018

En France, l’université est en proie au problème de l’échec, particulièrement en premier cycle. Cet article se propose d’établir, dans une perspective chronologique, une revue de la littérature des apports de la recherche en éducation, dans le contexte français, sur les différents facteurs contribuant à expliquer cet échec. L’objectif est d’une part de montrer comment a évolué la recherche sur les déterminants de la réussite universitaire depuis les années quatre-vingt-dix. Il est, d’autre part, d’examiner quels types de recherches peuvent encore être menées sur le sujet, cela nous conduisant à constater que, malgré une remise en cause depuis plusieurs décennies de la pédagogie universitaire, peu d’écrits ont jusqu’à présent été produits dans le contexte français concernant l’effet des pratiques pédagogiques des enseignants sur la réussite.
Intérêts et limites des suivis de cohorte pour comprendre les situations de handicap de l’enfant
Authors: Arneton Mélissa , Courtinat-Camps Amélie , Geay Bertrand , Bois Corinne
Published: January 2018

L’évolution des compréhensions du handicap dans une perspective situationnelle et relationnelle, et l’apparition du concept «besoins éducatifs particuliers» (BEP), incitent à prendre en compte des besoins individuels de chaque enfant et ce, dès la prime enfance. Dans cette perspective, les bases de données quantitatives construites avec un recueil longitudinal sont une opportunité pour étudier et comprendre les liens entre le contexte familial, les éléments socio-économiques et les expériences vécues. Elles permettent de considérer les BEP et/ou les situations de handicap, dans une perspective vie entière, dès leur apparition, ou dès leur prise en compte, dans le parcours de l’enfant. Notre article se propose de discuter les intérêts et limites de telles bases pour aborder la petite enfance de ces enfants. Deux cohortes pluridisciplinaires de grande envergure sont présentées : la Millennium Cohort Study et la National Educational Panel Study. Deux cohortes françaises sont décrites plus précisément : ELFE et Epipage-2. La conclusion met en perspective les critiques fréquemment adressées aux cohortes avec leur pertinence pour étudier les enfants en situation de handicap.
Les professeurs documentalistes au prisme de leurs blogs
Authors: Hedjerassi Nassira , Cailloux Marianne
Published: January 2018

Dans la continuité de nos travaux sur ce groupe professionnel, nous avons choisi d’interroger la construction de l’image des professeurs documentalistes au travers de leurs blogs. Ce média nous est paru intéressant car il offre un espace d’expression et de construction de/sur soi, son métier… Nous avons procédé à une première analyse du contenu textuel et visuel d’un corpus constitué de 34 blogs. Il en ressort des enjeux de reconnaissance professionnelle, tant sur le plan individuel que collectif. En effet, les blogs ne semblent pas seulement mettre en scène le soi mais aussi la communauté des professeurs documentalistes.
Victimations et rapports au métier des Professeurs des Écoles
Authors: Faggianelli Daniel
Published: January 2018

Les enquêtes de victimation ont alimenté la connaissance sur les violences à l’école. Lorsqu’elles se dirigent vers les enseignants, la relative faiblesse des écarts enregistrés en fonction des contextes scolaires ouvre un champ conséquent de réflexion. Cet article se propose d’y contribuer en dépassant une entrée factuelle de la violence pour interroger le lien entre rapports au métier et expérience victimaire. Ce rapport au métier est appréhendé à partir de plusieurs dimensions s’inscrivant dans une sociologie des professions : sens du métier, division morale du travail, prestige, carrière. L’analyse des données obtenues auprès de 157 professeurs des écoles permet de dégager un rapport au métier plus favorable à la lecture de certaines situations scolaires sur le registre de la violence comme à la production de tensions entre acteurs de la communauté éducative.
FRB 121102: A Starquake-induced Repeater?
Authors: Wang Weiyang , Luo Rui , Yue Han , Chen Xuelei , Lee Kejia , Xu Renxin
Published: January 2018

Since its initial discovery, the fast radio burst (FRB) FRB 121102 has been found to be repeating with millisecond-duration pulses. Very recently, 14 new bursts were detected by the Green Bank Telescope during its continuous monitoring observations. In this paper, we show that the burst energy distribution has a power-law form which is very similar to the Gutenberg–Richter law of earthquakes. In addition, the distribution of burst waiting time can be described as a Poissonian or Gaussian distribution, which is consistent with earthquakes, while the aftershock sequence exhibits some local correlations. These findings suggest that the repeating FRB pulses may originate from the starquakes of a pulsar. Noting that the soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) also exhibit such distributions, the FRB could be powered by some starquake mechanisms associated with the SGRs, including the crustal activity of a magnetar or solidification-induced stress of a newborn strangeon star. These conjectures could be tested with more repeating samples.
The Effect of Filaments and Tendrils on the H i Content of Galaxies
Authors: Odekon Mary Crone , Hallenbeck Gregory , Haynes Martha P. , Koopmann Rebecca A. , Phi An , Wolfe Pierre-Francois
Published: January 2018

We use the ALFALFA H i survey to examine whether the cold gas reservoirs of galaxies are inhibited or enhanced in large-scale filaments. Our sample includes 9947 late-type galaxies with H i detections and 4236 late-type galaxies with well-determined H i detection limits that we incorporate using survival analysis statistics. We find that, even at fixed local density and stellar mass, and with group galaxies removed, the H i deficiency of galaxies in the stellar mass range 8.5 < log(M/M
⊙) < 10.5 decreases with distance from the filament spine, suggesting that galaxies are cut off from their supply of cold gas in this environment. We also find that, at fixed local density and stellar mass, the galaxies that are the most gas-rich are those in small, correlated “tendril” structures within voids: although galaxies in tendrils are in significantly denser environments, on average, than galaxies in voids, they are not redder or more H i deficient. This stands in contrast to the fact that galaxies in tendrils are more massive than those in voids, suggesting a more advanced stage of evolution. Finally, at fixed stellar mass and color, galaxies closer to the filament spine, or in high-density environments, are more deficient in H i. This fits a picture where, as galaxies enter denser regions, they first lose H i gas and then redden as star formation is reduced.
Pulsar Rotation Measures and Large-scale Magnetic Field Reversals in the Galactic Disk
Authors: Han J. L. , Manchester R. N. , van Straten W. , Demorest P.
Published: January 2018

We present the measurements of Faraday rotation for 477 pulsars observed by the Parkes 64 m radio telescope and the Green Bank 100 m radio telescope. Using these results, along with previous measurements for pulsars and extragalactic sources, we analyze the structure of the large-scale magnetic field in the Galactic disk. Comparisons of rotation measures of pulsars in the disk at different distances, as well as with rotation measures of background radio sources beyond the disk, reveal large-scale reversals of the field directions between the spiral arms and interarm regions. We develop a model for the disk magnetic field, which can reproduce not only these reversals but also the distribution of the observed rotation measures of background sources.
Measurement of Absolute Single and Double Charge Exchange Cross Sections for Si(7–10)+ at 0.88–2.50 KeV/u Impacting He and H2
Authors: Moradmand A. , El Ghazaly M. O. A. , Mahaptra D. P. , Chutjian A.
Published: January 2018

First measurements are reported for total, absolute, single, and double charge-exchange (CE) cross sections for Si(7–10)+ ions in the solar wind (SW), colliding with the prevalent astrophysical species H2 and He found in comets, the interplanetary medium, and planetary atmospheres. Measurements are in the energy range 0.88–2.50 keV/u, corresponding to the energies of the “fast” and “slow” ion components of the SW. Limited agreement is found with single-exchange results calculated in the classical over-the-barrier model. These CE data are useful for understanding, in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, photon emissions in the X-ray to visible energy range arising from resulting ion-stabilization steps.
Pesquisa em ensino de astronomia para o ensino médio
Authors: Siemsen Giselle Henequin , Lorenzetti Leonir
Published: January 2018

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a pesquisa em Ensino de Astronomia para o Ensino Médio, desenvolvida em programas de Pós-Graduação. Para esta análise, foi utilizada uma abordagem do tipo “Estado da Arte”, a partir de trabalhos encontradas no Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Capes, voltados para o Ensino Médio. Foram averiguados, nesses documentos, principalmente a metodologia de pesquisa, o caráter disciplinar ou interdisciplinar, os conteúdos abordados e as relações estabelecidas a partir destes conteúdos. Com base nessa investigação, observou-se que todas as pesquisas são de Mestrado acadêmico ou profissional, com foco na sala de aula. Com relação aos conteúdos abordados, percebeu-se uma valorização da Física frente às demais disciplinas, com poucas relações com tópicos de outras áreas do conhecimento, indicando lacunas, principalmente quanto aos conteúdos de química. Desta forma, a maioria dos trabalhos são classificados como disciplinares, confrontando as orientações dos PCN e PCN+. Concluiu-se, então, que há a necessidade de um enfoque interdisciplinar mais sólidos nas pesquisas em Ensino de Astronomia para o Ensino Médio, considerando principalmente a inclusão de conteúdos de Química.
“Frankenweenie”: um olhar para o meio fílmico e o ensino de ciências
Authors: Da Silva Kathya Rogéria , Da Cunha Marcia Borin
Published: January 2018

O cinema é uma mídia que faz parte do cotidiano dos estudantes, seja pelo hábito de ir ao cinema ou de assistir filmes em casa. No ambiente escolar, o cinema tem diferentes potencialidades, podendo ser um instrumento de discussão, de investigação ou para o desenvolvimento de atividades relacionadas aos conceitos tratados em sala de aula. Por isso, é necessário olhar para o filme de modo a compreender a dimensão estética, a ideologia e os valores socioculturais presentes no meio fílmico. Nessa perspectiva, o filme de animação “Frankenweenie”, lançado no ano de 2012, foi assistido, descrito e analisado, abordando amplos e detalhados aspectos do filme, que podem ser discutidos durante as aulas de Ciências, apresentando uma descrição da imagem de Ciência e cientistas presentes neste filme, a fim de instruir ou orientar professores durante o trabalho com filmes em sala de aula. A partir disso, observamos que o cientista representado é Victor, um menino que nasceu com aptidões voltadas para Ciência, pois tem muita habilidade intelectual na disciplina de Ciências e para o manuseio de diferentes equipamentos. Ao ver seu cão e melhor amigo morrer, decide utilizar os conhecimentos aprendidos nas aulas de Ciências, para reviver o seu animal. O filme traz diferentes aspectos da pesquisa científica, como a competição e as variáveis envolvidas no processo. Entretanto, apresenta a ciência basicamente como experimental, pois durante todo o enredo, a pesquisa de Victor e de seus colegas está sempre relacionada a comprovações experimentais.
Um estudo das questões de ciências do PISA: analisando os conceitos transversais
Authors: Nora Paulo Dos Santos , Broietti Fabiele Cristiane Dias
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em identificar e analisar os Conceitos Transversais (CT) contemplados em questões de Ciências do PISA, em especial aquelas que abordam conteúdos químicos. As questões investigadas correspondem aos anos de aplicação entre 2000 a 2015, totalizando 59 questões. Foram analisados os enunciados das questões bem como as respostas esperadas descritas no site do INEP. Trata-se de um estudo predominantemente qualitativo em que se fez uso dos pressupostos metodológicos da análise de conteúdo. Os CT podem ser considerados como conceitos unificadores que têm aplicação em todos os domínios da ciência, a saber: CT1 – padrões; CT2 - causa e efeito: mecanismo e previsão; CT3 – escala, proporção e quantidade; CT4 - sistemas e modelos de sistema; CT5 - energia e matéria; CT6 - estrutura e função; CT7 - estabilidade e mudança. Os CT foram utilizados, nesta pesquisa, como categorias a priori sendo que os mais evidenciados nas questões analisadas foram o CT2; CT3 e o CT5, uma vez que se encontram diretamente ligados ao conceito de letramento científico e às competências científicas avaliadas pelo PISA. Mediante as análises, consideramos que por meio dos CT pode ser possibilitado aos estudantes, ideias norteadoras, que contribuem para melhor investigar, modelar e compreender o mundo, ajudando na compreensão de fenômenos científicos e valorizando a aprendizagem científica como um processo.
Can Ultrasound Be Used to Predict Loss of Remission in Patients with RA in a Real-life Setting? A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Zufferey Pascal , Scherer Almut , Nissen Michael J. , Ciurea Adrian , Tamborrini Giorgio , Brulhart Laure , Blumhardt Sandra , Toniolo Martin , Möller Burkhard , Ziswiler Hans-Ruedi
Published: January 2018

Objective.

Several studies have suggested that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presenting with ultrasound (US) synovitis despite clinical remission have more subsequent flares than those who show both clinical and sonographic remission. The objective of our study was to investigate whether these results could be translated to a real-life setting.

Methods.

We compared the time from the first US performed in clinical remission to loss of remission (defined by a DAS28 > 2.6 or the need for stepping up treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs) within the Swiss Clinical Quality Management cohort of patients with RA, and we adjusted for relevant confounders. Analyses were repeated for different definitions of US-detected synovitis (US+) using greyscale, Doppler, and combined modes based on previously validated scores, and they were adjusted for relevant confounders.

Results.

There were 318 RA patients with 378 remission phases included. Loss of clinical remission was observed in 60% of remission phases. Residual US synovitis was associated with a shorter duration of clinical remission (median 2–5 mos) and a moderately increased hazard ratio (HR) for loss of remission (HR 1.2–1.5), with the highest HR for the combined US score. The association between US+ and loss of remission was strongest when the US measurement had taken place early in remission (shorter median duration of 6–20 mos) and when followup time was limited to the first 3 or 6 months (most HR between 2–4).

Conclusion.

US-detected synovitis, particularly when US is performed early in clinical remission, has a moderate predictive power for loss of remission in a real-life setting.
Severity of Sacroiliitis and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate are Associated with a Low Trabecular Bone Score in Young Male Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Kang Kwi Young , Chung Min Kyung , Kim Ha Neul , Hong Yeon Sik , Ju Ji Hyeon , Park Sung-Hwan
Published: January 2018

Objective.

To examine factors related to a low trabecular bone score (TBS) and the association between TBS and vertebral fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods.

One hundred patients (all male, aged < 50 yrs) who fulfilled the modified New York criteria for the classification of AS were enrolled. The TBS and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Clinical variables, inflammatory markers, and the presence of vertebral fractures were also assessed. Sacroiliitis grade and spinal structural damage were measured using the modified New York criteria and the Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (SASSS).

Results.

The mean TBS was 1.38 ± 0.13. The TBS showed a positive correlation with BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. TBS negatively correlated with SASSS, whereas BMD at the lumbar spine showed a positive correlation. A significant decrease in TBS values was observed in patients with spinal structural damage (p = 0.001). Univariate analysis identified disease duration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), sacroiliitis grade, and SASSS as being associated with TBS. Multivariate analysis identified ESR and sacroiliitis grade as being independently associated with TBS (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively). Ten patients had morphometric vertebral fractures. The mean TBS was lower in patients with vertebral fractures than in age-matched patients without fractures (p = 0.028). Lower TBS predicted vertebral fractures (area under curve = 0.733, cutoff = 1.311).

Conclusion.

The TBS in young male patients with AS is associated with the ESR and severity of sacroiliitis. The TBS may be useful as a tool for assessing osteoporosis in AS.
One Level Density for Cubic Galois Number Fields
Authors: Meisner Patrick
Published: January 2018

Katz and Sarnak predicted that the one level density of the zeros of a family of L-functions would fall into one of five categories. In this paper, we show that the one level density for L-functions attached to cubic Galois number fields falls into the category associated with unitary matrices.
El individualismo como estrategia improvisada en la dispersión de vídeos yihadistas en YouTube
Authors: Gallardo-Camacho Jorge , Trujillo Fernández Francisco Ramón , Jorge Alonso Ana
Published: January 2018

El movimiento yihadista global modifica su mecánica de difusión ideológica al amplificar su mensaje gracias a la expansión viral en las redes sociales y al papel de los usuarios individuales. Metodología: Este estudio analiza un total de 234 vídeos extraídos de las búsquedas con más visualizaciones empleando cuatro definiciones adoptadas por la ONU de la organización yihadista Jabhat al Nusrah, que cambió su nombre en Julio de 2016 a Jabhat Fateh Al Sham. Resultados y conclusiones: Comprobamos que las organizaciones yihadistas no disponen de capacidad para controlar plenamente su discurso en YouTube por la enorme dispersión y por el papel de usuarios individuales en la generación de contenidos nuevos que sortean con facilidad las restricciones de la plataforma. Además, concluimos que los vídeos accesibles son de tipo amateur, violento, con estética yihadista, sin apenas posproducción y con escasa presencia de medios de comunicación tradicionales actuando como amplificadores del discurso violento.
The use of English in Dutch text messages as a function of communicative constraints
Authors: Lettinga Aafke , van Wijk Carel , Broeder Peter
Published: January 2018

The influence of English on other languages such as Dutch is still growing. But how does this influence show up in actual day to day verbal behavior? A promising domain to study this issue is texting by young adults. How often and in what ways do they use English in their digital messages? Are there context factors at work that make them rely less or more on English? In an experimental study the influence of two pragmatic factors has been assessed: social distance and subjective costs. How familiar is the sender with the receiver, and how intrusive is the message? In response to four sketches of a communicative situation, 38 young adults composed in all 148 text messages. Both pragmatic factors proved to be effective. English words and phrases were used most often in communicating with peers for a ‘light’ reason. When addressing more senior receivers with a rather intrusive message, English was used far less. In the undemanding situation English features outnumbered the Dutch ones; in the more demanding situation this pattern was reversed, now the Dutch features were the more frequent ones. The use of English showed a positional effect as well: it occurred for the most part at the beginning and ending of the message, leaving the core content almost untouched. Each of these effects shows that texters take into account several pragmatic considerations. If English is becoming an integral part of Dutch text messages, it seems to do so in a deliberate way.
The pragmatic necessity of borrowing
Authors: Winter-Froemel Esme
Published: January 2018

In traditional research, necessary and luxury loanwords have often been opposed to each other as representing two fundamentally different types of borrowing. However, the terms of necessity and luxury have been shown to be problematic, as necessary loanwords can be avoided by choosing alternative types of contact-induced innovations in the recipient language, and from a usage-based perspective, speakers also perceive a certain ‘need’ for luxury borrowings. In my paper, I will thus rephrase the distinction in terms of catachrestic (~necessary) vs. non-catachrestic (~luxury) borrowings (Winter-Froemel, 2011; Onysko and Winter-Froemel, 2011) and focus on the latter group in order to investigate basic principles motivating the introduction of the loanwords in the recipient language. More specifically, I will discuss euphemism, dysphemism, and playfulness, which have been proposed in previous research as basic functions of borrowings (see, e.g. Carstensen, 1965; Galinsky, 1967), and I will explore how these concepts can be refined from a usage-based perspective. Finally, I will turn to the function of naming, which is traditionally considered to be fundamentally different from the pragmatically based factors listed above. Contrary to this belief, I will argue that naming also has a pragmatic dimension by virtue of speakers’ intentions to (re)conceptualize the objects in question. The broad variety of pragmatic motives identified underpins the necessity to adopt a usage-based approach to linguistic borrowing, and the potential of analyzing borrowings according to their cognitive and communicative value.
Talen geven en talen nemen
Authors: Zenner Eline , Vandekerckhove Reinhild
Published: January 2018

In this introductory paper we discuss the expanding focus of lexical borrowing research over the past decade. Where this ‘inevitable’ outcome of language contact was originally predominantly addressed from a historical linguistic and lexicographic perspective, a broader range of linguistic traditions have recently been applied to the topic, each introducing their own questions, perspectives and methods. Below, we first present the main insights ensuing from a century of loanword research. Then, we introduce the viewpoints that characterize more recent work and the questions they foreground. In presenting the contributions to this special issue, we finally pay specific attention to the way the six papers add to the broader tendencies and innovations of current lexical borrowing research.
Effects of different floor housing systems on the welfare of fast-growing broilers with an extended fattening period
Authors: Çavuşoğlu Enver , Petek Metin , Abdourhamane İbrahima Mahamane , Akkoc Ahmet , Topal Ersin
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This study was made to investigate the long-term effects of different floor housing systems on the welfare of fast-growing broilers. The experiment was performed on 210-day-old fast-growing hybrid male chickens with identical conditions until 47 days of age. Animal-based welfare parameters were measured to investigate the welfare level in the group housed on deep litter, a litter and slat system, and a slatted floor, with five replicates for each group. Results showed that the main welfare indicators in live birds, such breast dirtiness, plumage score, footpad lesion, and hock burn lesion, were negatively affected in broilers kept on conventional deep-litter floor housing. But hemorrhage or lesion scores of the breast and shoulder of broilers in slat floor housing were found to be significantly greater than in conventional deep litter as a result of a heavy body weight at a greater slaughter age (p<0.05). Pathologically, the prevalence of footpad and hock joint dermatitis was very high in the deep-litter housing system. Femoral head necrosis was not observed in any floor housing group. The results indicated that keeping broilers on a slat flooring system is preferable for younger slaughter ages and for a lighter slaughter weight. When considering the relationship between animal welfare and production economy, moving from one floor house system to another floor housing system should be carefully weighted in future decisions. Moreover, further investigations are needed in order to examine the incidence of joint and bone problems with muscle inflammation in heavier broilers in commercial conditions.
Mass spectrometric measurement of hydrogen isotope fractionation for the reactions of chloromethane with OH and Cl
Authors: Keppler Frank , Bahlmann Enno , Greule Markus , Schöler Heinz Friedrich , Wittmer Julian , Zetzsch Cornelius
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Chloromethane (CH3Cl) is an important provider of chlorine to the stratosphere but yet lacks detailed knowledge of its budget. Stable isotope analysis is potentially a powerful tool to constrain CH3Cl flux estimates. The largest degree of isotope fractionation is expected to occur for deuterium in CH3Cl in the hydrogen abstraction reactions with its main sink reactant tropospheric OH and its minor sink reactant Cl atoms. We determined the isotope fractionation by stable hydrogen isotope analysis of the fraction of CH3Cl remaining after reaction with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals in a 3.5 m3 Teflon smog-chamber at 293 ± 1 K. We measured the increasing stable hydrogen isotope values of the unreacted CH3Cl using compound specific thermal conversion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The isotope fractionations of CH3Cl for the reactions with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals were found to be −242 ± 7 mUr (or ‰) and −280 ± 11 mUr, respectively. For comparison, we performed similar experiments using methane (CH4) as the target compound with OH and obtained a fractionation constant of −205 ± 6 mUr which is in good agreement with values previously reported. The observed large kinetic isotope effects are helpful when employing isotopic analyses of CH3Cl in the atmosphere to improve our knowledge of its atmospheric budget.
Understory vegetation plays a key role in sustaining soil microbial biomass
and extracellular enzyme activities
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Jifu , Zhang Chuang , Wang Huimin , Chen Fusheng , Fu Xiaoli , Wang Songze , Sun Xiaomin , Wen Xuefa
Published: January 2018

Abstract. It is desirable to learn more how understory vegetation affects soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities in a subtropical Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forests. The aim of this study was to determine the role of understory vegetation in controlling soil properties, through an examination of the effects of understory vegetation on soil environmental factors, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activities. One paired treatment, which comprised understory vegetation removal (None) and understory vegetation left intact (Understory) in the context of litter removal, was established in a subtropical Chinese fir plantation. We mainly evaluated the effects of understory vegetation on soil environmental factors, the biomass of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, and the activities of five hydrolases, i.e., α-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-glucosidase (βG), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), β-1,4-xylosidase and acid phosphatase (AP), and two oxidase, i.e., phenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (PER). The soil moisture content (SMC), and the concentrations of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), soil organic carbon (SOC), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total nitrogen, and the POC / SOC ratio declined by 4 % to 34 %, and the biomass of soil bacteria and fungi, total PLFA contents, and the activities of βG, NAG, PPO, and PER were between 13 % and 27 % lower, when understory vegetation was removed. The highest activity of AP among all the measured enzymes may reflect the P was limited in this area, while NAG was positive with the concentration of NO3−-N, reflected that P- and N-degrading enzyme affected by different mechanism. The positive relationship between DOC and AP implied that microorganisms absorb carbon to meet their needs for phosphorus. The concentrations of NO3−-N and NH4+-N were positively correlated with and αG and βG suggested the increased availability of N promoted the decomposition of carbon. Understory vegetation removal inhibited the propagation of microorganisms and restricted their enzyme activities, by reducing soil energy and above-ground nutrient inputs and altering the soil micro-environment. We therefore propose that, to sustain soil quality in subtropical Chinese fir plantations, understory vegetation should be maintained.
Tracking the 26Al/10Be source-area signal in sediment-routing systems of arid central Australia
Authors: Struck Martin , Jansen John D. , Fujioka Toshiyuki , Codilean Alexandru T. , Fink David , Fülöp Réka-Hajnalka , Wilcken Klaus M. , Price David M. , Kotevski Steven , Fifield L. Keith , Chappell John
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Sediment-routing systems continuously transfer information and mass from eroding source areas to depositional sinks. Understanding how these systems alter environmental signals is critical when it comes to inferring source-area properties from the sedimentary record. We measure cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al along three large sediment-routing systems (~ 100,000 km2) in central Australia with the aim of tracking downstream variations in 26Al/10Be inventories and to identify the factors responsible. By comparing 56 new cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al measurements in stream sediments with matching data (n = 55) from source areas, we show that 26Al/10Be inventories in hillslope bedrock and soils set the benchmark for relative downstream modifications. Lithology is the primary determinant of erosion-rate variations in source areas and despite sediment mixing over hundreds of kilometres downstream a distinct lithological signal is retained. Postorogenic ranges yield catchment erosion rates of ~ 6–11 m/m.y. and silcrete-dominant areas erode as slow as ~ 0.2 m/m.y. 26Al/10Be inventories in stream-sediments reveal overall downstream-increasing minimum cumulative burial terms up to ~ 1.1 m.y. but more generally ~ 400–800 k.y. The magnitude of the burial signal correlates with increasing sediment cover downstream and reflects assimilation from storages with long exposure histories, such as alluvial fans, desert pavements, alluvial plains, and aeolian dunes. We propose that the tendency for large alluvial rivers to mask their 26Al/10Be source-area signal differs according to geomorphic setting. Signal preservation is favoured by i) high sediment supply rates, ii) high mean runoff, and iii) a thick sedimentary basin pile. Conversely, signal masking prevails in landscapes of i) low sediment supply, ii) discontinuous sediment flux, and iii) juxtaposition of sediment storages with notably different exposure histories.
Mean and extreme precipitation over European river basins better simulated in a 25km AGCM
Authors: Schiemann Reinhard , Vidale Pier Luigi , Shaffrey Len C. , Johnson Stephanie J. , Roberts Malcolm J. , Demory Marie-Estelle , Mizielinski Matthew S. , Strachan Jane
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Limited spatial resolution is one of the factors that may hamper applications of global climate models (GCMs), in particular over Europe with its complex coastline and orography. In this study, the representation of European mean and extreme precipitation is evaluated in simulations with an atmospheric GCM at different resolutions between about 135 km and 25 km grid spacing in the midlatitudes. The continent-wide root-mean-square error in mean precipitation in the 25km model is about 25 % smaller than in the 135km model in winter. Clear improvements are also seen in autumn and spring, whereas the model's sensitivity to resolution is very small in summer. Extreme precipitation is evaluated by estimating generalised extreme value distributions (GEVs) of daily precipitation aggregated over river basins whose surface area is greater than 50 000 km2. GEV location and scale parameters are measures of the typical magnitude and of the interannual variability of extremes, respectively. Median model biases in both these parameters are around 10 % in summer and around 20 % in the other seasons. For some river basins, however, these biases can be much larger and take values between 50 % and 100 %. Extreme precipitation is better simulated in the 25km model, especially during autumn when the median GEV parameter biases are more than halved, and in the Northern European Plains from the Loire in the west to the Vistula in the east. A sensitivity experiment is conducted showing that these resolution sensitivities in both mean and extreme precipitation are in many areas primarily due to the increase in resolution of the model orography. The findings of this study illustrate the improved capability of a global high-resolution model in simulating European mean and extreme precipitation.
Exceptionally cold water days in the southern Taiwan Strait: their
predictability and relation to La Niña
Authors: Cheng Yu-Hsin , Chang Ming-Huei
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The objectives of this study were to assess the predictability of exceptionally cold water in the Taiwan Strait (TS) and to develop a warning system on the base of scientific mechanism, which is a component of the information technology system currently under development in Taiwan to protect aquaculture against extreme hazards. Optimum interpolation sea surface temperature (SST) data were used to find exceptionally cold water days from January 1995 to May 2017. We found that the SST and wind speed over the TS are low and strong in La Niña winters, respectively. According to tests conducted using relative operating characteristic curves, predictions based on the Oceanic Niño Index and integrated wind speed can be employed at lead times of 60–210 and 0–30 days, respectively. This study utilized these two proxies to develop a possible warning mechanism and concluded four colors of warning light: (1) blue, meaning normal; (2) cyan, meaning warning; (3) yellow, meaning moderate risk; and (4) red, meaning high risk. Hindcasting winters over the period 1995–2017 successfully predicted the cold water hazards in the winters of 2000, 2008, 2011, and 2012 in prior to the coldest day ~ 20 days.
The effect of obliquity on temperature in subduction zones: insights from 3D numerical modeling
Authors: Plunder Alexis , Thieulot Cédric , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In subduction zones the geotherm is thought to vary as a function of the subduction rate and the age of the subducting lithosphere. Along a single subduction zone the rate of subduction can strongly vary due to changes in the angle between the trench and the plate convergence vector, namely the subduction obliquity. We currently observe such a configuration all around the Pacific (e.g. Marianna, Chile, Aleutians). Subduction obliquity is also supposed in the geological record of Western and Central Turkey. In order to investigate this effect, we designed and computed simple thermo-kinematic finite element 3D numerical models. We prescribe the trench geometry by means of a simple mathematical function and compute the mantle flow in the mantle wedge only by solving the equation of mass and momentum conservation. We then solve the energy conservation equation until steady-state is reached. We analyse the results (i) in terms of mantle wedge flow with emphasis on the trench-parallel component and (ii) in terms of temperature along the plate interface by means of maps and depths-temperature path at the interface. We show that the effect of the trench curvature on the geotherm is substantial. A small obliquity yields a small but not negligible trench parallel mantle flow leading to differences of 50 °C along strike of the model. With increasing obliquity, the trench parallel component of the velocity consequently increases and the temperature variation can be as important as 200 °C along strike. This can even be larger with varying plate velocity. Finally, we discuss the implication of our simulations for the ubiquitous oblique systems that are observed on Earth, the limitation of our modeling approach and the significance for the geological record with an emphasis on the case study of Western and Central Turkey.