bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of delivery ball use versus conventional nursing care during delivery of primiparae
Authors: Wang Jianfang , Lu Xuemei , Wang Chunhong , Li Xuemei
Published: February 2020

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of delivery ball and free position delivery nursing in primipara delivery.

Methods: Total 110 primipara who were admitted to the department of gynecology and obstetrics of our hospital from August 2017 to August 2018 were included in the study. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 55 each group. The control group adopted conventional nursing measures, while the observation group adopted delivery ball combined with free position midwifery nursing on the basis of conventional nursing. The pain degree, comfort degree, pregnancy outcome and sense of delivery control were compared between the two groups.

Results: The number of puerperae with grade 0 and 3 labor pain in the two groups had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The number of puerperae with grade 1 and 2 had significant difference (P<0.05). As to the comparison of the delivery mode between the two groups, there were 9 cases of cesarean delivery and 46 cases of vaginal delivery in the observation group; there were 19 cases of cesarean delivery and 36 cases of vaginal delivery in the control group; the differences had statistical significance (P<0.05). In the comparison of the birth process time of the vaginal delivery puerperae, the time of the first and second stages of labor in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); there was no difference in the time of the third stage of labor between the two groups (P>0.05). The amount of hemorrhage of the observation group 2 hours after labor was 172.50±40.60 mL and that of the control group was 224.45±32.80 mL; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The sense of delivery control of the puerperae who suffered vaginal delivery was compared between the two groups using Labor Agentry Scale (LAS); the sense of delivery control of the observation group was stronger than that of the control group, and the differences had statistical significance (P<0.05).

Conclusion: In the delivery of primipara, delivery ball combined with free position delivery can help the primipara relieve pain, improve comfort degree, reduce the amount of postpartum hemorrhage, shorten the duration of various stages of labor, and improve the delivery outcome. It has a high clinical promotion value. 

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1440

How to cite this:Wang J, Lu X, Wang C, Li X. The effectiveness of delivery ball use versus conventional nursing care during delivery of primiparae. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):550-554. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1440

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparative study on the clinical application of mixed reality technology leading micro-invasive intervertebral foramen puncture location and blind puncture location
Authors: Guo Ma-long , Yue Song-tao , Wang Jiang-yi , Cui Hong-xun
Published: February 2020

Objective: To discuss the function of mixed reality (MR) technology in guiding location of intervertebral foramen microscopic puncture and analyze its feasibility and clinical application value.

Methods: Sixty patients with lumbar intervertebral disc who were treated between January 2017 to October 2017 were chosen, and classified into navigation group (30 cases) and traditional control (30 cases) according to random number table. Intervertebral foramen microscopic operation was conducted for both groups. MR technology was applied for the navigation group to guide puncture and establish intervertebral foramen microscopic cannula. Traditional C-arm X-ray apparatus was used for traditional group to establish intervertebral foramen microscopic cannula. Intra-operative puncture times, fluoroscopy times, puncture time and VAS score 1d, 3m and 6m after the operation were recorded and compared.

Results: Postoperative waist and leg pain symptoms of both groups were relieved obviously, and straight leg raising test for the diseased limb turned to be negative. Intra-operative puncture times, fluoroscopy times, puncture time and operation time had statistical significance decrease.

Conclusion: Mixed reality (MR) can accurately guide the establishment of intervertebral foramen microscopic cannula, solve the bottleneck problem of intervertebral foramen microscopic technology, promote puncture success rate, reduce repeated puncture times, avoid by-injury, shorten puncture time and reduce X-ray radiation quantity of operators and patients, so it deserves to be promoted and applied.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1683

How to cite this:Guo M, Yue S, Wang J, Cui H. Comparative study on the clinical application of mixed reality technology leading micro-invasive intervertebral foramen puncture location and blind puncture location. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):559-564.   doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1683

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The communication system in the school operation and development: The case of the Greek educational legislation
Authors: Angelakou Exakousti-Petroula
Published: February 2020

According to the theory of social systems of Niklas Luhmann, communication is regarded as an open process and the only authentic social function which allows the interface of mental as well social systems, with a view to autopoiesis, that is the reproduction of communication itself. Therefore, only communication can affect communication, just because whatever is not communicated cannot contribute to communication and the function of society. The operation of an organization - as it is the school for example - as well as the interaction of all its members cannot be achieved without the communication system, the level of its systemic maturity which indicates correspondingly the level of the organizational maturity of the organization. Therefore, the educational system, because of its complexity, is a self-rational organization of communication energetics. This paper, based on the systemic approach, aims to study the role of communication in the organization, operation and school development using as a research tool a prototype categorical system of content analysis of two of the five dimensions of complexity; the social and cognitive dimension of complexity in order to make a systematic study of the written texts of the legal framework of primary education in the post-dictatorship Greece. Through the communication indicators of the two dimensions mentioned above we will emphasize the degree and the kind of communication relations developed by the school, both internally and with the important environmental systems. Moreover, we will find out whether the "communications" of the school allow it to become a learning organization.
Analysis of news courts programs in the context of critical discourse analysis as a type of news discussion programs: example of atv, tv8, star tv
Authors: KAZAZ Mete , BAYAR Seher
Published: February 2020

Many types of programs have emerged on television, which continues to be widely used among traditional mass media until today. In addition to thematic channels to meet the need for people to receive news, the type of news – discussion program is also included on television. This study focuses on news courts programs that have become widespread as a type of news discussion program that has been seen frequently on television recently. In this context, the event place with ATV Müge Anlı and Tatlı Sert, Star Balçiçek Ilter, which took place in the daytime zone between April 30, 2018 – May 4, 2018, was chosen as an example of TV8's Gerçeğin Peşinde programs. The presentation of these most frequently watched programs in the daytime is tried to be presented. Programmes within the scope of the study Van Dijk's macro – micro structural analysis is examined within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis. Quantitative data on the use of the concepts of judicial, religious, sexist, national, pathological, slang and Economic are also included in the news programs.
Study of the exotic μ-e conversion in nuclei using RQRPA
Authors: Ren Zhongzhu , Faessler A. , Kosmas T. S.
Published: February 2020

The neutrinoless muon-to-electron conversion in nuclei is studied by using the renormalized quasiparticle random-phase approximation (RQRPA). This generalization of RPA is more reliable for the extremely small (μ-,e-) transition matrix elements than the ordinary QRPA because it restores the Pauli principle to a large extent. We apply the method to a set of nuclei throughout the periodic table, but we specifically investigate the 48Ti and 208Pb nuclei which are currently used as stopping targets at the PSI μ-e conversion experiments with the SINDRUM II spectrometer.
Statistical modeling with neural nets: nuclear masses and halflives
Authors: Mavrommatis E. , Athanassopoulos S. , Dakos A. , Gernoth K. A. , Clark J. W.
Published: February 2020

Multilayer feedforward neural networks are used to create global models of atomic masses and lifetimes of nuclear states, with the goal of effective prediction of the properties of nuclides outside the region of stability. Innovations in coding and training schemes are used to improve the extrapolation capability of models of the mass table. Studies of nuclear lifetimes have focused on ground states that decay 100% via the β- mode. Results are described which demonstrate that in predictive acuity, statistical approaches to global modeling based on neural networks are potentially competitive with the best phenomenological models based on the traditional methods of theoretical physics.
Determination of Radiation Exposure for Patients with Dental X-Ray Studies
Authors: Somov S.
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Improving the quality of radiation assessment of patients of the medical institution of the dental profile using the calculated values of effective doses.

Material and methods: Using the RED-2018 and ORTO-2018 programs, the values of effective patient exposure doses for 29 medical organizations of the dental profile were calculated. The obtained values of the effective dose were compared with the values specified in the methodological recommendations MP 0100 / 1659-07-26 of February 16, 2007 “Filling of forms of federal state statistical observation 3-DOZ”.

Results: The analysis showed that the doses obtained using the RED-2018 and ORTO-2018 computer programs, respectively, are 21 and 14 times lower than the doses indicated in the methodological recommendations MP 0100 / 1659-07-26.

Conclusion: It is shown that the developed computer programs can be applied by a dentist practicing physician who performs an x-ray examination in order to automatically and reliably determine the patient’s dose when performing x-ray-mathematical studies in accordance with the guidelines of MU 2.6.1.2944-11 “Monitoring effective doses of patients during x-ray examinations” also used in the preparation of radiation hygienic passports of organizations and statistical form 3-DOZ. The indication of the actually calculated values of the effective dose of the patient, rather than repeatedly overestimated averages, will reduce the level of radiophobia in society.
In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of the Radiochemical Compound Based on 99mTechnetium Labelled DARPin 9_29 for Molecular Visualization of Malignancies Overexpressing Her2/neu
Authors: Bragina O. , Vorobyeva A. , Tolmachev V. , Orlova A. , Chernov V. , Deyev S. , Proshkina G. , Shulga4 A. , Lar'kina M. , Medvedeva A. , Zel'chan R.
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Evaluation of a radiopharmaceutical based on 99mTc-labeled targeted molecules DARPin9_29 for radionuclide diagnostics of malignancies with Her2/neu overexpression.

Material and methods: The DARPin9_29 sequence was amplified from the plasmid pET-DARP-6HIS for the DARPin9_29-His6 gene expression in E. coli cells. The eluent of 99mTcO4– (400–500 μl, 4 GBq) was added to the kit and incubated at a temperature of 100 °C for 20 minutes. After incubation, 40 μl of tricarbonyl technetium was added to 168 μg of DARPin9_29 in 100 μl of PBS (sodium phosphate buffer), followed by incubation at 40 °C for 60 minutes. The radiochemical yield and purity were determined by thin layer radiochromatography, the purification was performed using NAP-5 cleansing columns (GE Healthcare). Cell lines with different levels of Her2/neu expression were used: SKOV-3> BT474 >> DU-145 for the determination of the radiopharmaceutical specificity. Her2/neu expressing cell line SKOV-3 was used for in vitro study. The study was conducted 6 hours after the administration of the drug.

Results: The radiochemical yield was 72 ± 8 %, the radiochemical purity after purification was 98.7 ± 1.0 %. The stability in PBS (phosphate buffered saline) solution after 1 hour was 99.8 ± 0.2; after 3 hours – 98.2 ± 0.1. In vitro studies showed that the accumulation of explored compound was directly proportional to the level of Her2/neu expression in cells, while blocking the receptors with an excess of unlabeled protein showed a significant reduction in binding in the group of cells. Data on biodistribution and SPECT/CT in the body of the animal BALB/c nu/nu demonstrated rapid removal of the compound from the blood stream and high accumulation in the liver, kidney and bladder 6 hours after the introduction of the radiopharmaceutical.

Conclusion: The studies demonstrated high radiochemical yields and purity, as well as stability of the studied compound. The results of in vitro and in vivo analysis showed the specificity and affinity of the radiopharmaceutical to the Her2/neu receptor on the surface of tumor cells. The high accumulation of the drug in the liver and kidneys, detected in in vivo studies, is probably due to the lipophilicity of the 99mTc(CO)3-histidine tag and indicates the limitation of its further clinical use in assessing the condition of the above organs, which will require additional diagnostic methods, as well as possible modification chemical structure.
Radiation Monitoring of the State of the Internal Organs in Newborns with General Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Vorotynceva N. , Orlova V.
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Learning the state of the internal organs in newborns with severe perinatal asphyxia after general therapeutic hypothermia.

Material and methods: 80 newborns with severe perinatal asphyxia born from January 2014 to May 2019 in Kursk were under observation. In the first 6 hours of life, 52 patients were started with general therapeutic hypothermia (1st observation group), 28 newborns did not perform hypothermia (2nd control group). All children underwent a dynamic complex radiological examination, included ultrasound of the brain, abdominal organs and retroperitoneal space, echocardiography with Doppler, chest X-rays.

Results and discussion: In both groups of observations, radiation symptoms of liver and gallbladder changes were identified: a uniform increase in the echogenicity of the hepatic parenchyma (98.1 % of cases in group 1 and 100 % of cases in group 2, p > 0.05), visual “impoverishment” of the vascular pattern (98.1 % and 100 %, p > 0.05), hepatomegaly (19.2 % and 21.4 %, p > 0.05), thickening of the gallbladder walls, loose sediment or suspension in its lumen (7.7 % and 10.7 %, p > 0.05). All 80 examined patients showed a bilateral increase in echogenicity of the renal parenchyma with visual impoverishment of intraorgan blood flow and impaired corticomedullary differentiation. The described internal organs changes were reversible and due, in our opinion, mainly to the effect of asphyxiation and resuscitation measures.

According to the results of chest X-ray, we did not reveal the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on the incidence of hospital pneumonia: it was found in 34.6 % newborns from the 1st group and in 42.9 % – from the 2nd one (p > 0.05). However, in the first 14 days of life the respiratory failure caused by edematous and hemorrhagic changes in patient’s lungs was detected more often in patients from observation group then in patients from control group: respectively 76.9 % and 42.8 % of cases (p <0.05). This indicates a negative effect of general therapeutic hypothermia on the respiratory system of newborns with severe perinatal asphyxia.
An Effective Method of Simulation for the Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion by Rotating Particles in the Phase Space File
Authors: Medjadj T. , Ksenofontov A. , Dalechina A.
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To develop an effective method of Monte Carlo simulation of the GammaKnife Perfexion system by rotating particles in the phase space file (PSF). This method does not require simulating of all 192 sources that are distributed in the conical form of the Perfexion collimator. The simulation was performed only for 5 out of 192 sources for each collimator size.

Material and methods: Monte Carlo simulation of dose distribution for previous models of GammaKnife system requires phase space file for only one source, since this phase space is identical for all the 201 sources. The Perfexion model is more complex due to the non-coaxial positions of the sources and the complexity of the collimator system itself.

In this work, we present an effective method to simulate the Perfexion model using a phase space file. Penelope Monte Carlo code was used to perform this simulation. In this method, the PSF was obtained for one source in each ring, resulting in five files for each collimator size. PSF for other sources were created by azimuthal redistribution of particles, in the obtained PSF, by rotation around the Z-axis. The phase space files of the same ring were then stored together in a single file.

Results: The paper presented MC simulation using the azimuthal redistribution of particles in the phase space file by rotation around the Z-axis. The simulation has been validated comparing the dose profiles and output factors with the data of the algorithm TMR10 planning system Leksell Gamma Plan (LGP) in a homogeneous environment. The acceptance criterion between TMR10 and Monte Carlo calculations for the profiles was based on the gamma index (GI). Index values more than one were not detected in all cases, which indicates a good agreement of results. The differences between the output factors obtained in this work and the TMR10 data for collimators 8 mm and 4 mm are 0.74 and 0.73 %, respectively.

Conclusion: In this work successfully implemented an effective method of simulating the Leksell Gamma knife Perfexion system. The presented method does not require modeling for all 192 sources distributed in the conical form of the Perfexion collimator. The simulation was performed for only five sources for each collimator and their files PSF were obtained. These files were used to create the PSF files for other sources by azimuthal redistribution of particles, in these files, by rotation around the Z-axis providing correct calculations of dose distributions in a homogeneous medium for 16, 8 and 4 mm collimators.
Application of the ICRP Database for Calculation of the Dose Coefficient for Aerosol Having Multimodal Particle Size Distribution
Authors: Sukhoruchkin A.
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Development of a method for calculating radioactive aerosol dose coefficient when the aerosol particle size measurements resulted in a multimodal radionuclide activity distribution by particle diameters.

Material and methods: The physical prerequisite for the proposed method is that the multimodal distribution may be caused by the presence of several sources of aerosols with different particle sizes. In the ICRP database to each value of the aerosol dose coefficient there corresponds one of ten functions of log-normal (unimodal) distribution with specified parameters. In the developed method the result of the aerosol particle size measurement is approximated by the sum of said standard functions with weight factors of each of the functions defined such that the best least squares approximation is obtained. Then the dose coefficient of the aerosol under study is calculated based on the dose value additivity property, i.e. each weight factor is multiplied by a respective value of the dose coefficient from the ICRP database, and the obtained products are added up.

Results: There was carried out a series of numerical experiments, in each of which “experimental” points were simply plotted on a graph of a certain cumulative distribution function. Coordinates of the points are used as input for the programme implementing the developed algorithm. The calculated dose coefficient value is compared with the true value and/or the value obtained with the linear interpolation method using the AMAD.

Conclusion: Physical prerequisites and results of numerical experiments confirm the validity of the developed method.
The Modern Concept of Using Radiation Therapy for Cancer of the Oral Cavity and the Oropharyngeal Area
Authors: Balkanov A. , Е Степанова
Published: February 2020

In the world, there is a rise of cancer incidence, including cancer of the head and neck. The incidence cancer of the head and neck is 4.8 cases per 100 000 population. Oral and oropharyngeal cancers are the most frequently forms cancer of the head and neck – 4,8–27 % of all cancer with this location. Among the causes of oral and oropharyngeal cancer noted alcohol abuse, tobacco and infection with human papilloma virus (HPV-16). Mortality from oral and oropharyngeal cancer is on 8 rank among patients with all tumors. Now when deciding about treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancer is applied a new classification АJCC8th, the main differences from the previous version are the inclusion of data on the depth of tumor invasion and the presence of extranodal growth of lymphogenic metastasis.

The chemoradiotherapy to a total dose 60–74 Gy is the most common treatment used in oral and oropharyngeal cancer. When planning irradiation, both the tumor itself (or its residual component) and lymphogenic metastases or lymph nodes with a high risk of metastatic lesions are included in the target volume. The most commonly used chemotherapy drug is cisplatin. The duration of life of patients is significantly influenced by the stage of the tumor process. So 5-year relapse-free survival among patients with oral cancer is 91 % at T1–2, 83 % – at T3 and 12 % – at T4. During the first 5 years after completion of treatment, the probability of locoregional recurrence in patients with oropharyngeal cancer is much shorter in infected HPV-16 – 28.9 % and 54.9 %, respectively.

The effective multimodal treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancer can be only if the evaluation of the tumor process under the current classification, comply with the requirements of treatment standards and clinical guidelines as well as take into account the latest achievements of the relevant field of medical science.
Coinage of the Cilician Cities as a Mirror of Historical and Cultural Changes (V c. BCE – III c. CE)
Authors: Dąbrowa Edward
Published: February 2020

In antiquity Cilicia was a small but important area. The geographical setting, between the Taurus Mountains, the Mediterranean Sea and Anatolia, and the fact that territory of Cilicia was crossed by several routes connecting Anatolia with the Mediterranean sea shore and Syria determined its strategic significance. The geography of the area held importance for its cultural development as well. The northern part of Cilicia, Cilicia Aspera, was mountainous, sparsely populated and poorly urbanized; cities were few and located mainly on the seashore. The southern part, Cilicia Pedias, was much more prosperous and intensively urbanized. Its location made it a bridge for various cultural and religious influences coming from neighboring countries, but also an object of their expansion. Both parts of Cilicia experienced governance of many powers: Achaemenid Persia, local rulers, Hellenistic kings, and the Romans. Each of them left own political and cultural imprint on the area. Effects of this cultural mixture are clearly visible in archaeological excavations and in many types of artefacts. Another type of evidence which reflects the complicated past of Cilicia is also available: numismatic evidence. There are a few Cilician cities in which coins were minted from the Achaemenid times to the Roman Empire. This paper attempts to look into the iconography of their coinage and analyze political and religious symbols and their subjects of depiction. The aim is to find out how specific powers ruling over cities influenced local traditions, what were the remnants of those, and how they eventually evolved over time.
Development of Lesson Plan (LP) with Software Lectora Inspire Assisted Problem-Based Learning in Improving Learning Outcomes for Senior High School
Authors: Aswal Achmad , Hunaidah Hunaidah , Erniwati Erniwati
Published: February 2020

This research-based on technological advances that promote the use of technology in learning, on the lack of valid, practical and effective lesson plans, particularly in problem-based learning models that are in line with the 2013 curriculum, and on the use of Lectora Inspire Software in the creation of lesson plans. This study was conducted to develop a product that is a problem-based learning model based on Lectora Inspire software, and that is valid, practical and effective. This type of research is research and development (research and development). The design of this study based on 5 out of 10 phases of Borg and Gall's research design, namely research and collection of initial information, planning, development of original product formats, initial testing and product improvement. The effectiveness test results were rated as very good if the results of the analysis of the responses of teachers and students with an average of 88% and 89.04% as and the increase (n-gain) of student learning outcomes is 0.62 which can be categorized as a moderate increase.
Characterization of Activated Charcoal Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensiss Jacq) Shell Waste using SEM and FTIR: Effect of Activation Temperature
Authors: Syidiq Rasyid , Yusran La Ode , Anas Muhammad , Fayanto Suritno
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the structure of morphology and functional groups from activated charcoal for palm oil waste with variations in activation temperature. The process of two stages: the carbonation and activation stage. Carbonation process using a pyrolysis reactor at a carbonation temperature of 200oC -400oC for 6 hours. Then, the sample activated at a temperature of 700 °C, 750oC, 800oC, and 850 °C. Samples were characterization using SEM and FTIR. SEM analysis results show the largest pore size at a temperature of 850 oC with a diameter of 48.3 nm, and the lowest temperature was 700 °C with a capacity of 35.3 nm. Activated charcoal from oil palm shell waste at mesopore size. Next, FTIR analysis results show wave numbers 2165,18 cm-1, 1554 cm-1, 1030,76 cm-1 dan 424,11 cm-1.  The removal of some absorption bands and  the formation of new absorption bands, caused by the activation temperature
Non-medical prescribers: prescribing within practice
Authors: McHugh Áine , Hughes Mary , Higgins Agnes , Buckley Tom , Cashin Andrew , Casey Mary , Rohde Daniela
Published: February 2020

Since its inception in Ireland in 2007, the Nurse Prescribing Programme has prepared registered nurses and midwives to prescribe from a limited formulary in their area of clinical speciality. However, registration numbers have declined in recent years, prompting changes to the registration processes. This article present the findings of a study conducted on the prescribing behaviours, practices and confidence of registered nurse/midwife prescribers following these changes, reporting the findings from the qualitative arm of a larger mixed-method study. Interviews with participants (n=6) explored their prescribing behaviours, practices and confidence. The findings suggest that organisational and professional factors influence prescribing. Scope of practice and expert decision-making is seen to influence engagement with treatment. Interprofessional cooperation continues to develop in making prescribing decisions. There is a clear need for interprofessional education to increase cooperation between health professionals in making prescribing decisions and including national competencies for all prescribers.
Nutritional lifestyle patterns and cancer: confounding effect of social determinants across the life course in women from the 1958 British birth cohort study
Authors: Carayol Marion , Albertus Gaelle , Fantin Romain , Lang Thierry , Kelly-Irving Michelle , Grosclaude Pascale , Delpierre Cyrille
Published: February 2020

Objective: To examine the confounding role of social determinants across the life course in the relationship of nutritional lifestyle patterns with cancer in women.

Methods: In the National Child Development Study, 37 items regarding diet, alcohol and physical activity frequencies were recorded at ages 33 and 42 years. Some 6,169 women were included and 237 women reported cancer diagnosis before age 55 years. Cancer odds ratios (OR) were estimated by logistic regression for the highest versus the lowest tertile of nutritional lifestyle pattern score. Social determinants from birth to adulthood were introduced as potential confounders in logistic models using a life-course approach.

Results: Four nutritional lifestyle patterns were identified: ‘Healthy active’, ‘Drinker’, ‘Sweet tooth’ and ‘Western’. The ‘Drinker’ pattern was significantly associated with increased cancer risk: covariates-adjusted OR = 1.65 (95% CI: 1.17–2.33; p = .004); ptrend = .017 for all cancers combined, and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.06–2.58; p = .03); ptrend = .07 for breast cancer. These associations were attenuated after entering social determinants of birth, childhood and adulthood in the model: covariates and social variables-adjusted OR = 1.54 (95% CI: 1.08–2.18; p = .016); ptrend = .054 for all cancers combined, and 1.50 (95% CI: 0.95–2.38; p = .08); ptrend = .19 for breast cancer. The other patterns were not associated with cancer risk.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates an association between the ‘Drinker’ pattern and midlife cancer in British women. Social determinants across the life course explained a part, though modest, of this association.
IDENTITY AND DISCURSIVE PRACTICES OF FRIULIANS AND SLOVENES IN THE PROVINCE OF UDINE, ITALY, IN RECENT DECADES.
Authors: ZULJAN KUMAR Danila
Published: February 2020

In the past, Slovene spoken in the Province of Udine and Friulian, mainly spoken in the Provinces Udine, Pordenone and Gorizia of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy, were limited to the private sphere, but recently, they are becoming more seen and heard in public life, i.e. outside their traditional communication situations. The change can be attributed to the changes in the perception of their mother tongue in the Slovene and Friulian communities themselves in relation to the prevailing Italian language, the use of which implied a more prestigious position in society in the past, as well as to the change of attitudes towards the two minority languages among the majority population. Changes of discursive practices are occurring hand in hand with changes in identity practices. The paper presents a qualitative study on the topic in which 22 sociolinguistic interviews with the speakers of Friulian and the Slovene were carried out.
High-NA achromatic metalenses by inverse design
Authors: Chung Haejun , Miller Owen D.
Published: February 2020

We use inverse design to discover metalens structures that exhibit broadband, achromatic focusing across low, moderate, and high numerical apertures. We show that standard unit-cell approaches cannot achieve high-efficiency high-NA focusing, even at a single frequency, due to the incompleteness of the unit-cell basis, and we provide computational upper bounds on their maximum efficiencies. At low NA, our devices exhibit the highest theoretical efficiencies to date. At high NA—of 0.9 with translation-invariant films and of 0.99 with “freeform” structures—our designs are the first to exhibit achromatic high-NA focusing.
Path integral formulation of light propagation in a static collisionless plasma, and its application to dynamic plasma
Authors: Mun Je Hoi , Jeon Cheonha , Ryu Chang-Mo
Published: February 2020

In many studies on the laser impinging on a plasma surface, an assumption is made that the reflection of a laser pulse propagating to a plasma surface takes place only at the turning point, at which the plasma density exceeds the critical one. A general reflection amplitude of light R from an arbitrary inhomogeneous medium can be obtained by solving a Riccati-type integral equation, which can be solved analytically in low-reflection conditions, i.e., |R|2 ≪ 1. In this work, we derive an intuitive analytic solution for the reflection amplitude of light R from a plasma surface by integrating all possible reflection paths given by the Fresnel equation. In the low-reflection condition, reflection paths having only one reflection event can be used. By considering the higher-order reflection paths, our analytic expression can describe reflection in the high-reflection condition. We show the results of a one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation to support our discussions. Since our model derived for static plasmas is well corroborated by the simulation results, it can be a useful tool for analyzing light reflection from dynamically varying plasmas.
Unidirectional emission of GaN-based eccentric microring laser with low threshold
Authors: Zhang Shengnan , Li Yufeng , Hu Peng , Li Aixing , Zhang Ye , Du Wei , Du Mengqi , Li Qiang , Yun Feng
Published: February 2020

To reduce the threshold and achieve unidirectional lasing emission in a whispering gallery mode microcavity, we propose and demonstrate a GaN-based eccentric microring with an inner hole located off the center. Compared to microdisk with the same outer diameter, the eccentric microring structure exhibits a remarkable reduction of lasing threshold by up to 53%. The introduction of the hole disturbs and eventually suppresses the field distribution of the higher order modes. Laser emission with high unidirectionality with a far-field divergence angle of about 40° has been achieved, meanwhile the Q factor of the whispering gallery modesis remains high as 6388. Finite-difference time-domain numerical simulation is carried out to prove that the far-field profile of the eccentric microring structure can be controlled by the position and the size of the hole. The properties of the whispering gallery mode microcavities are improved greatly through a simple structure and process, which has an important guiding significance to the research and development of the microcavity lasers.
Googling the Anthropocene: Fractal media and ecology
Authors: Benjamin Garfield
Published: February 2020

Abstract The scars of humanity can be seen across the Earth. However, observing such ecological violence and their implications often requires finding the right perspective, moving beyond the spatial and temporal limits of individual humans. This article builds on discussion
of the Anthropocene as a term and the anthropocentrism it implies to critique the relations between humanity, technology and ecology through posthuman perspectives. Focusing on Google's widely available tools, its problematic relation to the environment as a company and critical interventions
by media artists Mishka Henner, Paolo Cirio and Geraldine Juárez, the article examines technologies that enable a 'posthuman' position from which to view the fractal activities of humanity: Google Maps and Earth; Street View; and the Google search engines. Fractals are offered as a
mode of assessing the self-similar processes of mediation that define not only humanity's scalar expansion but also its shift into informational dimensions and the virtualization of ecology.
Test és hatalom viszonya az Iskola a határonban
Authors: Mosza Diána
Published: February 2020

Ottlik Géza prózája meglehetősen érzéki, számos írásában kerül középpontba a testi érzetek uralkodó szerepe. Az Iskola a határon a testben levés és a belső szabadság összeegyeztethetőségéről is szól: azokról a szorongatottságokról és szűkölésekről, ahol a test leválni látszik a benne rejlő lélek egységéről, azokról a kegyelmi pillanatokról, ahol bizonyos testtechnikák mentén visszatalál önmagához az ember. Az Iskola testpoétikai értelmezését Sári B. László a homoszociális viszonyokat középpontba helyező tanulmánya kezdte meg, ugyanakkor számos aspektus még körvonalazásra vár. Jelen tanulmány Foucault biopolitika-fogalma mentén igyekszik kibontani a katonai alreál nevelési, „betörési” stratégiáit, majd ezzel szemben felmutatni azokat az egyéni gesztusokat és gyakorlatokat, amelyek az uniformizált és idomított testben is meg tudják őrizni az individuumot. A „testtechnika” kifejezést Marcel Mauss és Erhard Schüttpelz írásai nyomán értelmezem, olyan közösségi vagy egyéni gyakorlatokat értve alatta, mint a vezényszóra vigyázzba állás vagy a Medve-sapó jellegzetes viselése. A testek azonban, ahogy arra a fenomenológusok is felhívták a figyelmünket, nem csupán érzékelhető cselekvőként vannak jelen, de a (jelen esetben a regényfikcióban megszülető) valóságot percepcionáló és közvetítő egységekként is – ennek megfelelően nem csupán a növendékek mozdulatai, tettei és önreflektív testreprezentációi érdemesek megfigyelésre, de érzeteik, a világra vetülő tekintetük és valóságértelmezésük is.
Fecal Occult Blood Test for Evaluation of Symptoms or for Diagnostic Testing
Authors: Sokoro AbdulRazaq , Singh Harminder
Published: February 2020

This editorial discusses the role of fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in a diagnostic workup. Utility of FOBT in colorectal cancer screening is well documented in multiple clinical trials, although there continues to be a debate (and ongoing trials) on its merit relative to other screening tests. Over the years, FOBT has seen growth in its application for assessment of symptomatic gastrointestinal disease without clear guidelines on its use in this setting. The work of Lee et al. in this edition of the journal synthesizes evidence on diagnostic utility of FOBT and provides additional rationale to stop using FOBTs for symptoms evaluation or for diagnostic testing.
Graduated In/Visibility: Reflections on Ku’er Activism in (Post)Socialist China
Authors: Tian Ian Liujia
Published: February 2020

Grounded in my activist labor over the past few years, this article delineates the current state of Ku’er (queer)1 politics in (post)socialist China. I contribute to the discussion of GLBTQ politics in a non-Western context by asking questions about the ways in which the power of the state is negotiated by activists.2 I join a conversation with Shirinian about the possibility and the consequences of being seen.3 I begin my reflections with an overview of GLBTQ activism in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, focusing on China where my activist and scholarly work is based. Following a discussion of specific socialist and authoritarian legacies, I argue that queer activism in China has adopted a framework I call “graduated in/visibility” in order to organize and navigate repressive policies. This scheme of visibility affords queer people the ability to mobilize, but it is not without drawbacks. Indeed, in the final section, I consider the purpose and the politics of visibility in relation to what has been called “global neoliberal queering.”4 Further, I ask what the desire for visibility, acceptance, and assimilation mean in the context of an authoritarian capitalist regime. My intention is not to brand China as “bad capitalism” or a “backward society,”5 nor am I embarking on a detailed political analysis of the Chinese Communist Party and its sexual politics after the opening the country. Rather, I attempt to highlight the importance of activist knowledge in the context of emerging studies of Third World sexuality,6 which is unfortunately shaped by the coloniality of power, global capitalism, and imperialism.7
ANÁLISE HIDROQUÍMICA DOS AQUÍFEROS GUARANI E SERRA GERAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE IBIPORÃ-PR
Authors: Celligoi Andre , Corcóvia Josilaine Amancio , Pinese José Paulo Peccinini
Published: February 2020

Os sistemas aquíferos Serra Geral (SASG) e Guarani (SAG) se constituem aquíferos mais importantes do Estado do Paraná, principalmente em função da qualidade química e potencialidade de produção. Este trabalho apresenta a análise de dois poços do Sistema Aquífero Guarani e vinte e cinco poços do Sistema Aquífero Serra Geral situados no município de Ibiporã - PR, tendo como objetivo principal a caracterização dessas águas em termos de comportamento químico. Foram efetuados levantamentos da área de estudo através de trabalhos de campo. Os parâmetros químicos analisados foram: bicarbonato, carbonato, cloreto, fluoreto, nitrato, nitrito e sulfato. Para análise destes parâmetros foram utilizados os métodos de: espectometria UV, turbidimetria e titulação com nitrato de prata. Para analisar possíveis conexões entre o SAG e o SASG, foi elaborado o diagrama de Piper para as amostras da área. Alterações na concentração desses parâmetros podem causar danos à saúde humana, pois muitas vezes a água do SASG possui um elevado nível de fluoreto em sua composição. Como resultados, foram identificados padrões anômalos de fluoreto nos poços do SAG que pode influir na saúde da população local, mas que não ultrapassaram os limites permitidos pela RESOLUÇÃO CONAMA 396/2008 e a PORTARIA 2914/2011 do Ministério da Saúde.
ESPECIALIZAÇÃO REGIONAL PRODUTIVA E VULNERABILIDADE TERRITORIAL DOS MUNICÍPIOS SUCROENERGÉTICOS NO TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO/ALTO PARANAÍBA
Authors: Santos Henrique Faria dos
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a especialização regional produtiva e a vulnerabilidade territorial de municípios sucroenergéticos no Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba, região que teve forte crescimento da agroindústria sucroenergética entre 2000 e 2011. A sistematização teórica, estatístico-documental e de entrevistas permitiu concluir que vários municípios dessa região se tornaram altamente especializados e dependentes da produção e/ou processamento da cana-de-açúcar e de seus derivados industriais (açúcar, etanol e bioeletricidade), levando a um quadro preocupante de vulnerabilidade territorial, sobretudo naqueles municípios com baixo patamar demográfico e com pequenos núcleos urbanos. O engessamento do uso do território provocado pelo padrão espacial de ocupação da agroindústria sucroenergética resultou na diminuição da diversidade produtiva no campo e no atrelamento quase que exclusivo dos setores secundários e terciários ao funcionamento das usinas, representando diversas implicações socioeconômicas, como às que se efetivaram recentemente nos municípios de Canápolis, Capinópolis, Fronteira e Ibiá que tiveram unidades desativadas.
HOMICÍDIOS NAS CIDADES MÉDIAS DA BAHIA: OS NÚMEROS DA VIOLÊNCIA NOS CENTROS REGIONAIS DO INTERIOR BAIANO
Authors: Souza Cícero Harisson
Published: February 2020

A Bahia vem apresentando números que indicam crescimento em suas taxas de homicídios. Desde os anos 2000 o Estado construiu uma trajetória de superação dos índices nacionais que abordam a violência, sobretudo os homicídios. Este trabalho tem como objetivo elaborar um panorama em centros interioranos, partindo das escalas nacional e estadual, tendo como premissas reflexões, dados comparativos em série histórica e a criticidade quanto à eficácia das políticas públicas adotadas. A dinâmica dos indicadores possibilitou analisar o tema na escala intermunicipal, cujas cidades foram selecionadas a partir da Divisão Urbano Regional realizada pelo IBGE em 2013. O critério adotado foi o de centralidade em suas respectivas regiões. Num esforço de síntese, pode-se afirmar que as cidades deste trabalho se inserem acima da média brasileira nos dados que compõem indicadores violentos, e expressam um quadro situacional de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Para a formulação de mudanças, o debate social é o canal mais apropriado. Reconhecer a complexidade da questão e expor para a sociedade formas de dialogar sobre o tema é uma iniciativa que pode reforçar a segurança e a pacificação dos conflitos violentos.
RESÍDUO DE CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL EM PARACATU (MG): ANÁLISES DO SISTEMA DE GERENCIAMENTO E ESTIMATIVAS DE GERAÇÃO
Authors: Martins Davi Figueiredo , Melo Nágela Aparecida de
Published: February 2020

O gerenciamento eficiente dos resíduos sólidos de construção civil e demolição (RCD) é um desafio para as administrações públicas e demais agentes envolvidos. Os RCD integram importante parcela dos resíduos sólidos gerados no ambiente urbano e possuem significativo potencial de degradação ambiental, se não tratados de maneira adequada. Considerando isso, realizou-se o presente estudo com o objetivo de analisar o sistema de gerenciamento de RCD da cidade de Paracatu (MG). Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas e de campo. Como resultado da avaliação qualitativa do sistema de gerenciamento de RCD de Paracatu, destaca-se a sua fragilidade, o baixo controle por parte do poder público e a ausência leis municipais e de dados. Visto que não existia registro da produção de RCD na cidade em estudo, estabeleceram-se quantificações a partir de informações que foram levantadas nesta pesquisa e por meio de métodos indiretos. Dessa forma, estimou-se para Paracatu: a taxa de geração de RCD de 0,34 t/habitante por ano; que a área de aterramento municipal de RCD esteja recebendo em média 120 t de RCD por dia de operação; e que, em 2017, tenham sido aterradas cerca de 31.748,28 t de RCD na área de disposição  do município.
DINÂMICA DA PAISAGEM NO ENTORNO DA RESEX MARINHA DE SÃO JOÃO DA PONTA/PA: UTILIZAÇÃO DE MÉTRICAS E GEOPROCESSAMENTO
Authors: Fernandes Wellingtton Augusto Andrade , da Silva Pimentel Márcia Aparecida
Published: February 2020

Localizada na zona costeira do Pará, a RESEX Marinha de São João da Ponta foi criada para preservar importantes áreas de manguezais e garantir que as comunidades tradicionais de extrativistas que residem em sua Zona de Amortecimento (ZA) possam viver de forma sustentável. No que concerne a gestão desta Unidade de Conservação, a ZA tem a função de proteger os recursos ecossistêmicos, reduzindo a pressão das atividades humanas, principalmente ligadas ao crescimento da agricultura e da área urbana, formas de uso que ao longo do tempo vem contribuindo para a diminuição das áreas de vegetação, (floresta ombrófila densa aluvial e do manguezal). Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica da paisagem na ZA, entre os períodos de 2010 e 2018. Foram utilizadas ferramentas de geoprocessamento na obtenção de informações espaciais referentes às mudanças na paisagem através da análise multitemporal de uso da terra e de métricas de paisagem. Constatou-se que no período analisado as maiores pressões sofridas na ZA estão relacionadas ao aumento das geoclasses agricultura e área urbana, relacionados com a melhoria da infraestrutura de transporte rodoviário e com o aumento da população no município.