bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of interpolation methods for the determination of position-dependent frequency response functions for the simulation of 5-axis milling processes
Authors: Wilck I. , Wirtz A. , Biermann D. , Wiederkehr P.
Published: July 2021

The occurrence of chatter vibrations in 5-axis milling processes is a common problem and can result in part failure, surface defects and increased wear of the cutting tool and the machine tool. In order to prevent process vibrations, machining processes can be optimized by utilizing geometric physically-based simulation systems. Since the modal parameters of the machine tool are dependent on the position of the linear and rotary axes, the dynamic behavior of milling processes can change along the NC path despite constant engagement conditions. In order to model the pose-dependent modal properties at the tool tip, the frequency response functions (FRFs) were measured at different locations of the workspace of the machine tool for various poses of the rotary axis of the spindle. To take the varying compliance within the workspace of a machine tool into account in a geometric physically-based milling process simulation, different interpolation methods for interpolating FRFs or parameter values of oscillator-based compliance models (OPV) were applied. For validation, the resulting models were analyzed and compared to measured data. In OPV interpolation, the individual oscillation modes were interpolated in their respective characteristics based on the oscillator parameters (eigenfrequencies, modal masses and damping values). In FRF interpolation, however, there was no differentiation between the modes, resulting in a wrong interpolation. It can therefore provide good results when only a small shift of the eigenfrequencies is expected, as in case of the analyzed machine tool, with only small movements of the translatory axes.
Inanspruchnahme von Angeboten der Extremismusprävention
Authors: Allroggen Marc , Rau Thea
Published: July 2021

Maßnahmen der Extremismusprävention in Deutschland erfolgen durch eine Vielzahl von staatlichen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren. Bislang liegen jedoch keine systematischen Untersuchungen vor, wie diese in der Allgemeinbevölkerung bekannt sind und angenommen werden. Die vorliegende bevölkerungsrepräsentative Studie geht der Frage nach, wie häufig die Allgemeinbevölkerung Rat und Hilfe zum Thema Extremismus gesucht hat, und bei welchen Anlaufstellen. Sofern bislang kein Bedarf an Beratung bestand, wurden präferierte Anlaufstellen im Falle eines Beratungsbedarfs erfragt. In beiden Fällen werden eher unspezifische Anlaufstellen wie Erziehungsberatungsstellen gewählt, aber auch Sicherheitsbehörden. Weniger häufig werden spezialisierte Fachberatungsstellen genannt. Es finden sich zudem Unterschiede bei den bevorzugten Unterstützungsangeboten in Bezug auf Alter, Geschlecht, politische Orientierung sowie Haushaltseinkommen und Bildungsstatuts. Die Studie zeigt, dass Fachberatungsstellen noch stärker in das Bewusstsein der Öffentlichkeit treten müssen, um im Bedarfsfall angesprochen werden zu können. Zudem gibt sie Hinweise darauf, dass es eine gute Vernetzung verschiedener Anlaufstellen benötigt, um Menschen mit Beratungsbedarf situationsangemessen beraten zu können.
Medikamentöse Behandlung von Menschen mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen in der forensischen Nachsorge
Authors: Voß Tatjana , Calvano Daniela , Vogel Joanna
Published: July 2021

Der vorliegende Artikel präsentiert empirische Daten sowie drei Fallbeispiele zur medikamentösen Behandlung von Menschen mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen und komorbiden Störungen in der forensischen Nachsorge. In einer Studie wurden Daten von insgesamt 117 Patienten der Forensisch-Therapeutischen Ambulanz in Berlin ausgewertet. Die Stichprobe zeigte mit 60 % eine hohe Prävalenz von Persönlichkeitsstörungen, wobei die dissoziale und die narzisstische Persönlichkeitsstörung bei Weitem den größten Anteil stellten. Gehäufte Komorbiditäten bestanden für Suchterkrankungen und Paraphilien. Die Personen, bei denen die Diagnose einer Persönlichkeitsstörung vorlag, wurden in 60 % der Fälle medikamentös behandelt. In Bezug auf die Dauer der Therapie bis zum Stichtag im Dezember 2020 sowie die Anzahl der Krisen und Weisungsverstöße im Jahr 2020 ließen sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede im Vergleich zu Patienten mit anderen Störungsbildern feststellen. Die drei Fallberichte beschreiben Personen, die Sexualstraftaten begangen haben. Für sie bedeutete die kombinierte psychopharmakologische Behandlung aus Antiandrogenen und Psychopharmaka eine wirksame Unterstützung im Rahmen des spezifischen Gesamtbehandlungsplans in der forensischen Nachsorge. Die erhobenen Daten und Fallberichte werden hinsichtlich ihrer praktischen Relevanz für die Arbeit in forensischen Ambulanzen diskutiert.
SPICE-19: a 3-Month Prospective Cohort Study of 640 Medical Students and Foundation Doctors
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Soham , Georgiou Ioannis , Bligh Emily , Coyle Conor , Pancharatnam Rohan , Saunders Kate E. A. ,   The NANSIG Collaborative, de Andres Crespo Marta , Handa Ashok , Gillespie Conor S. , Baykeens Bibire , Bashir Mohammed Talha , Georgiou Maria , Mahmood Shumail , Casey Anna , Di Traglia Rosalind , Fung Alex , Wellington Jack , Hounat Adam , Park Jay J. , Erhabor Joshua , Ashraf Mohammad H. , Ghazi Hanya , Hernandez Lucas M. , Sibanda Zeluleko , Haq Makinah , Mahmood Salma , Boyle Abbey , Curtis-Lopez Carlos M. , Carr Harry James , McMullan Lorcán , McLarnon Michael , Nazari Armin , Norton Emma Jane , Lim Guan Hui Tricia , Rushworth Oliver
Published: July 2021

Introduction

There is paucity of data around the support that medical students have been provided with, need to be provided with, and would like to be provided with during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students and establish the support they require.

Methods

A prospective, observational, multicentre study was conducted in 2020. All medical students and interim foundation year 1 doctors were eligible to participate.

Results

Six hundred forty individuals participated from 32 medical schools. Participants reported a drop in their mood following the onset of the pandemic (p < 0.001). This drop in mood was evident in both May and August. Participants did have an improved mood in August compared to May (p < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in pandemic disease-anxiety (13.8/20 to 12.4/20, p < 0.001) and consequence-anxiety (6.3/10 to 6.0/10, p < 0.001) between May and August. Nineteen percent of participants (n = 111/596, 19%) had not received the support they needed from their university by August. The most common area of support that our participants needed and had not received from their medical schools by August was support with course material (n = 58/111, 52%). ‘Clinical knowledge’ was thought to have been affected by the greatest number of participants in both May and August.

Conclusion

Medical students’ mental well-being has been adversely affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings have actionable implications that can better protect medical students as they acclimatise to a working environment that has been radically changed by COVID-19.
“They Just Want Us to Exist as a Trash Can”: Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Perspectives to School-Based Bullying Victimization
Authors: Zhang Hui , Chen Chun
Published: July 2021

Little is known about parents’ perspectives on school-based bullying victimization of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in China. This study began by interviewing 16 parents about their experiences with their children (7 to 15 years old) at school in China under the inclusive education policy. Most of the parents’ responses indicated the existence and the severity of school-based bullying victimization of their children with ASD. Our findings indicated that bullying victimization at school was a concern for children with ASD and their parents were frequently victimized. Parents reported that they dealt with bullying victims at school independently and tended to hold a pessimistic view about their bullying victimization. The study highlights the importance of incorporating parents’ voices in understanding bullying victimization of students with ASD and proposing potential implications in bullying prevention and advocacy with this group of students in mainstream schools in China.
On the dark side of open access and new expectations of scientific productivity in adult education research
Authors: Vetter Tim , Schemmann Michael
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to explore international adult education research in the context of predatory publishing or predatory journals. The paper presents empirical characteristics of predatory journals, determines the quantitative occurrence of predatory journals in the field of adult education by means of a catalogue of criteria, takes a closer look at the authors of adult education contributions identified, and examines the content and quality of the contributions. The article deals with the phenomenon of predatory publishing, an unintended side effect of the Open Access movement, and thus operates in the context of Open Science.
Global searches of frozen orbits around an oblate Earth-like planet
Authors: Ma Yuechen , He Yanchao , Xu Ming , Zheng Yaru
Published: July 2021

A frozen orbit is beneficial for observation owing to its stationary apsidal line. The traditional gravitational field model of frozen orbits only considers the main zonal harmonic terms J2 and limited high-order terms, which cannot meet the stringent demands of all missions. In this study, the gravitational field is expanded to J15 terms and the Hamiltonian canonical form described by the Delaunay variables is used. The zonal harmonic coefficients of the Earth are chosen as the sample. Short-periodic terms are eliminated based on the Hori–Lie transformation. An algorithm is developed to solve all equilibrium points of the Hamiltonian function. A stable frozen orbit with an argument of perigee that equals neither 90◦ nor 270◦ is first reported in this paper. The local stability and topology of the equilibrium points are obtained from their eigenvalues. The bifurcations of the equilibrium points are presented by drawing their global long-term evolution of frozen orbits and their orbital periods. The relationship between the terms of the gravitational field and number of frozen points is addressed to explain why only limited frozen orbits are found in the low-order term case. The analytical results can be applied to other Earth-like planets and asteroids.
Semiarid bunchgrasses accumulate molybdenum on alkaline copper mine tailings: assessing phytostabilization in the greenhouse
Authors: Antonelli Paul M. , Coghill Matthew G. , Gardner Wendy C. , Fraser Lauchlan H.
Published: July 2021

Phytostabilization is the use of plants and soil amendments to physically stabilize and remediate contaminated mine wastes and to control wind and water erosion in semiarid environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate two native bunchgrass species’ (Pseudoroegneria spicata and Festuca campestris) biomass accumulation and metals uptake response to locally available soil amendments (compost, wood ash and wood chips) to determine their suitability for phytostabilization at an alkaline copper mine tailings site in British Columbia, Canada. In the greenhouse, bunchgrasses important as forage for livestock and wildlife were grown in tailings with various ash–compost–wood chip combinations and evaluated using a randomized complete block design with 13 treatments and 10 replicates. Plants were harvested after 90 d, and tissues were analyzed for root and shoot biomass. Tissue samples (n = 3) from three treatment subsets (ash, compost, blend) were selected for elemental analysis. Biomass increased with increasing compost applications, and the response was greatest for P. spicata. Shoot molybdenum exceeded the maximum tolerable level for cattle and was significantly higher when grasses were grown on the ash treatment (183–202 mg kg−1) compared to the others (19.7–58.3 mg kg−1). Translocation and root bioconcentration factors were highest on the ash treatment (2.53–12.5 and 1.75–7.96, respectively) compared to the other treatments (0.41–3.43 and 1.47–4.79, respectively) and indicate that both species are ‘accumulators.’ The findings suggest that these bunchgrasses were not ideal candidates for phytostabilization due to high shoot tissue molybdenum accumulation, but provide important considerations for mine restoration in semiarid grassland systems.
ArcGIS Urban: an application for plan assessment
Authors: Soward Ellen , Li Jianling
Published: July 2021

Most cities in the United States rely on zoning to address important planning-related issues within their jurisdictions. Planners often use GIS tools to analyze these issues in a spatial context. ESRI’s ArcGIS Urban software seeks to provide the planning profession with a GIS-based solution for various challenges, including zoning’s impacts on the built environment and housing capacity.

This research explores the use of ArcGIS Urban for assessing the existing zoning and comprehensive plans in meeting the projected residential growth in the near future using the City of Arlington, Texas as a case study. The exploration provides examples and lessons for how ArcGIS Urban might be used by planners to accomplish their tasks and highlights the capabilities and limitations of ArcGIS Urban in its current stand. The paper is concluded with some suggestions for future studies.
Expected and Unexpected Risks for Canoe Travel in Flood Conditions
Authors: Yonge Lynn Earl
Published: July 2021

Flood conditions present dangers for canoe camping, with the highest risk for injury or death related to water submersion of paddlers. Other hazards can exist at high water stages as well. This essay discusses preparation for risks associated with canoe travel during record flood conditions in Alabama’s Mobile-Tensaw River Delta. It examines the unique aspects of paddling through submerged forests, route detours necessitated by flooding, potential encounters with dangerous wildlife, and the case of a stinging ant attack on a paddler who unexpectedly comes in contact with a displaced ant colony.
Visual Hallucinations After a Russell’s Viper Bite
Authors: Senthilkumaran Subramanian , Rizwan Tehlil , Elangovan Namasivayam , Usman Muhammad Shariq , Menezes Ritesh G. , Thirumalaikolundusubramanian Ponniah
Published: July 2021

Visual hallucinations (VHs) are extremely rare in snakebites. We report a case of Russell’s viper bite in an otherwise healthy 55-y-old woman who presented to a hospital in south India with established clinical features of systemic and local envenomation, including coagulation failure, without any neurologic manifestations on admission. She reported simple VH on the third day, which abruptly stopped on the fifth day without any specific medications. Clinical, laboratory, imaging, and electrophysiological studies did not reveal any neuropsychiatric disorders. Including this case, only 5 cases of VH are documented in the literature, 2 following cobra and viper bites and 1 after a sea snake bite. Two cases were reported from Australia and 1 each from the United States, Iran, and India.
A Social Critique of Behavioral Approaches to International Law
Authors: Cho Sungjoon
Published: July 2021

Behavioral approaches have been successful in challenging the rational actor model of international legal analysis and supplementing that model with empirical evidence. Yet observing a set of features about the world requires ignoring or bracketing others. Behavioral approaches retain their own inevitable blind spots, which are not necessarily products of flawed experimental design, but stem from the paradigmatic traits of these approaches. These blind spots derive from an emphasis on methodological individualism, positivism, and experimentation. This emphasis may obscure the social aspects of international legal decision-making. For example, behavioral approaches to international law often use experimental data to describe cognitive tendencies. In doing so, these approaches may not seek and likely will not have tools to discover the meaning of a state action, or the human actions that produce that state action. That latter inquiry requires “historical, ethnographic and other sociological methods that analyze social life outside of the experimental setting.” In sum, behavioral approaches pursue both theoretical and empirical concerns different from those pursued in an interpretive mode of meaning-making.
The Un-meeting approach to stimulate collaborative adult learning: an application for clinical research professionals
Authors: Jones Carolynn Thomas , Lane Aric , Shah Arti , Carter Karen , Lackey Russell , Kolb Robert
Published: July 2021

We used a Zoom Un-meeting as an educational approach to provide experienced clinical research professional (CRP) adult learners a collaborative learning space to learn more about current issues for academic medical center (AMC) clinical research workforce development and collaborate on solution finding. CRPs operationalize the conduct of clinical trials and represent a significant brain trust for the Clinical and Translational Science (CTSA) consortium hubs with their vast knowledge base, extensive experience, understanding of relevant institutional policy, organizational culture, and clinical research operations. Un-meetings are an intentionally organized and coordinated group activity that encourages participants to focus on a topic and incorporate an open flow of ideas through brainstorming and an open discussion format, setting the stage for future collaborative action. We divided topics into a series of six consecutive monthly Un-meeting Zoom workshops. Ultimately, one resulting output from the meeting was the Center for Leading Innovation and Collaborations (CLIC) synergy paper award to support continued collaborative work. Currently, work teams have emerged to analyze qualitative data from brainstorming and breakout session recordings and to identify small-group activities. We describe this adult learning tool as valuable for exploring issues of AMC CRP professional development. This approach encouraged creative/critical thinking and opportunities for leadership, team science, and problem-solving among participants.
Health Care and Care-Seeking in Mosul 1 Year After Defeat of ISIS
Authors: Lafta Riyadh , Al-Nuaimib Maha A. , Sultan Laith R. , Rihawa Hazem , Burnham Gilbert
Published: July 2021

Objective:

Our objective was to compare care-seeking patterns in Mosul, Iraq, in 2018, 1 y after Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) control, with findings from neighborhoods that had been sampled in 2017

Methods:

For this multi-stage randomized cluster household survey, we created one cluster in each of 20 neighborhoods randomly selected from the 40 neighborhoods in the 2016/17 survey; 12 in east Mosul, 8 in west Mosul. In each, 30 households were interviewed beginning at a randomly selected start house. Questions were derived from the 2016/2017 post-ISIS survey.

Results:

We interviewed the head of household or senior female in 600 households containing 3375 persons. One year after ISIS, some household demographic shifts had occurred. Diarrhea in children during the past 2 wk decreased from 50.1% to 7.5% (P < 0.001); however, cough/difficulty breathing increased from 15.5% to 33.6% (P < 0.01). Among adults, care-seeking for noncommunicable diseases increased from 22.3% to 43.5% (P < 0.001). Emotional and psychological complaints common in the previous survey were now nearly absent. Pregnancy complications diminished from 65.2% to 15.4% (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Communicable diseases predominated among children and noncommunicable diseases among adults. Access to health care substantially improved, although barriers remained. Satisfaction with services was mixed, with dissatisfaction expressed about testing, medicine access, and costs, but the work of health providers was rated highly.
Adaptation of the Competencies for Disaster Nursing Management Questionnaire: Turkish Version
Authors: Durgut Utku , Yildiz Tulin
Published: July 2021

Objective:

This study aimed to carry out the validity and reliability study for the adaptation of the Competencies for Disaster Nursing Management Questionnaire (CDNMQ), which was developed by Al Thobaity and others in 2016, (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26778698/) to Turkish, and to be able to use in the nursing literature.

Method:

This study was conducted in a methodological approach. The scale used in this study was a 10-point Likert scale with 43 items and 3 subfactors. The questionnaire was applied to 450 nurses. The validity and reliability of the scale were evaluated using the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The content validity index was measured within the scope of the internal consistency measurements, and the Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was examined for the test-retest.

Results:

The content validity index score was found to be 0.98. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis of the CDNMQ, it was found that the 3-factor structure of the scale was valid and the goodness of fit tests was appropriate.

Conclusion:

The findings have shown that the CDNMQ study is similar to the original scale and an adequate measurement tool in determining competencies in disaster nursing management.
Risk of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus(VRE) acquisition during ambulance transport: A retrospective propensity-score–matched cohort analysis
Authors: Schaps Diego , Godfrey Andrew W. , Anderson Deverick J.
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To estimate the relative risk (RR) of developing methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) or vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus(VRE) colonization or infection within 30 days of ambulance transport.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with a principal diagnosis of chest pain presenting to our emergency department (ED) over a 4-year period. Patients were included if they presented from and were discharged to nonhealthcare locations without being admitted. Encounters were stratified by arrival mechanism: ambulance versus private vehicle. We performed propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression to estimate the RR for the primary outcome.

Results:

In total, 321,229 patients had ED encounters during the study period. After applying inclusion criteria and propensity score matching, there were 11,324 patients: 3,903 in the ambulance group and 7,421 in the unexposed group. Among them, 12 patients (0.11%) had the outcome of interest, including 9 (0.08%) with MRSA and 3 (0.03%) with VRE. The 30-day prevalence of MRSA or VRE was larger in the ambulance group than in the unexposed group: 8 (0.20%) and 4 (0.05%), respectively (P= .02). Patients who presented to the ED via ambulance were almost 4 times more likely to have MRSA or VRE within 30 days of their encounter (RR, 3.72; 95% CI, 1.09–12.71;P= .04).

Conclusions:

Our cohort study is the first to demonstrate an association between ambulance exposure and pathogen incidence, representing the first step in evaluating medical-transport–associated infection burden to eventually develop interventions to address it.
Promoting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination among healthcare personnel: A multifaceted intervention at a tertiary-care center in Japan
Authors: Takamatsu Akane , Honda Hitoshi , Kojima Tomoya , Murata Kengo , Babcock Hilary M.
Published: July 2021

Objective:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine may hold the key to ending the pandemic, but vaccine hesitancy is hindering the vaccination of healthcare personnel (HCP). We examined their perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and implemented an intervention to increase vaccination uptake.

Design:

Before-and-after trial.

Participants and setting:

Healthcare personnel at a 790-bed tertiary-care center in Tokyo, Japan.

Interventions:

A prevaccination questionnaire was administered to HCP to examine their perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine. A multifaceted intervention was then implemented involving (1) distribution of informational leaflets to all HCP, (2) hospital-wide announcements encouraging vaccination, (3) a mandatory lecture, (4) an educational session about the vaccine for pregnant or breastfeeding HCP, and (5) allergy testing for HCP at risk of allergic reactions to the vaccine. A postvaccination survey was also performed.

Results:

Of 1,575 HCP eligible for enrollment, 1,224 (77.7%) responded to the questionnaire, 533 (43.5%) expressed willingness to be vaccinated, 593 (48.4%) were uncertain, and 98 (8.0%) expressed unwillingness to be vaccinated. The latter 2 groups were concerned about the vaccine’s safety rather than its efficacy. After the intervention, the overall vaccination rate reached 89.7% (1,413 of 1,575), and 88.9% (614 of 691) of the prevaccination survey respondents answered “unwilling” to or “unsure” about eventually receiving a vaccination. In the postvaccination questionnaire, factors contributing to increased COVID-19 vaccination included information and endorsement of vaccination at the medical center (274 of 1,037, 26.4%).

Conclusions:

This multifaceted intervention increased COVID-19 vaccinations among HCP at a Japanese hospital. Frequent support and provision of information were crucial for increasing the vaccination rate and may be applicable to the general population as well.
“Is This Not Just Nationalism?” Disentangling the Threads of Folk Costumes in the History of Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Geering Corinne
Published: July 2021

This article critically examines the prevalent nationalist interpretation of historical images featuring textiles from rural regions. In an effort to disentangle the threads of folk costumes, it proposes a conscious unlearning of the way we read images of rural material culture from the late 19th century. This period has entered historiography as a period of intensifying national movements and political use of rural culture, in particular in Central and Eastern Europe. So-called folk costumes have been viewed as a symbolic representation of the nation, whereas their broader social and economic role in the history of industrial society has been overshadowed. By bringing together the production, collection, and exhibition of rural material culture, this article reveals processes in industrial society that shaped the modern history of folk costumes. It draws on late-19th-century source material stemming from a network centered in Prague that promoted textiles from rural Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, and Galicia as ethno-commodities. Textiles were integrated into women’s industrial education and presented at events promoting national economy and the latest technological innovations. Thus, this article contributes to nationalism studies by discussing capitalism and industrialism and seeks to further scrutinize the history of nationalism in Central and Eastern Europe.
BOMB-PRODUCED RADIOCARBON ACROSS THE SOUTH PACIFIC GYRE—A NEW RECORD FROM AMERICAN SAMOA WITH UTILITY FOR FISHERIES SCIENCE
Authors: Andrews Allen H , Prouty Nancy G , Cheriton Olivia M
Published: July 2021

Coral skeletal structures can provide a robust record of nuclear bomb produced 14C with valuable insight into air-sea exchange processes and water movement with applications to fisheries science. To expand these records in the South Pacific, a coral core from Tutuila Island, American Samoa was dated with density band counting covering a 59-yr period (1953–2012). Seasonal signals in elemental ratios (Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca) and stable carbon (δ13C) values across the coral core corroborated the well-defined annual band structure and highlighted an ocean climate shift from the 1997–1998 El Niño. The American Samoa coral 14C measurements were consistent with other regional records but included some notable differences across the South Pacific Gyre (SPG) at Fiji, Rarotonga, and Easter Island that can be attributed to decadal ocean climate cycles, surface residence times and proximity to the South Equatorial Current. An analysis of the post-peak 14C decline associated with each coral record indicated 14C levels are beginning to merge for the SPG. This observation, coupled with otolith measurements from American Samoa, reinforces the perspective that bomb 14C dating can be performed on fishes and other marine organisms of the region using the post-peak 14C decline to properly inform fisheries management in the South Pacific.
SUMS OF POLYNOMIAL-TYPE EXCEPTIONAL UNITS MODULO
Authors: ZHAO JUNYONG , HONG SHAOFANG , ZHU CHAOXI
Published: July 2021

Let
$f(x)\in \mathbb {Z}[x]$
be a nonconstant polynomial. Let
$n\ge 1, k\ge 2$
and c be integers. An integer a is called an f-exunit in the ring
$\mathbb {Z}_n$
of residue classes modulo n if
$\gcd (f(a),n)=1$
. We use the principle of cross-classification to derive an explicit formula for the number
${\mathcal N}_{k,f,c}(n)$
of solutions
$(x_1,\ldots ,x_k)$
of the congruence
$x_1+\cdots +x_k\equiv c\pmod n$
with all
$x_i$
being f-exunits in the ring
$\mathbb {Z}_n$
. This extends a recent result of Anand et al. [‘On a question of f-exunits in
$\mathbb {Z}/{n\mathbb {Z}}$
’, Arch. Math. (Basel)116 (2021), 403–409]. We derive a more explicit formula for
${\mathcal N}_{k,f,c}(n)$
when
$f(x)$
is linear or quadratic.
Non-alcoholic beverages intake and risk of CVD among Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center study
Authors: Cui Renzhe , Iso Hiroyasu , Eshak Ehab Salah , Maruyama Koutatsu , Ishihara Junko , Takachi Ribeka , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   for the JPHC Study Group
Published: July 2021

The association between the intake of non-alcoholic beverages and CVD in Asians is uncertain. The intake of non-alcoholic beverages was estimated in 77 407 participants of the Japan Public Health Centre-based cohort study aged 45–74 years. The Cox regression calculated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for incident CVD according to sex-specific quintiles of intake of non-alcoholic beverages. A total of 4578 incident CVD (3751 strokes and 827 CHD) were diagnosed during a 13·6-year median follow-up. The risks of stroke and total CVD were lower for the highest v. lowest intake quintiles of non-alcoholic beverages in men and women: the multivariable HRs (95 % CIs) were 0·82 (0·71, 0·93, Ptrend = 0·005) and 0·86 (0·76, 0·97, Ptrend = 0·02), respectively, in men and were 0·73 (0·63, 0·86, Ptrend = 0·003) and 0·75 (0·65, 0·87, Ptrend = 0·005), respectively, in women. The reduced risk was evident for both ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes and was mainly attributable to green tea consumption. The intake of non-alcoholic beverages from coffee and other beverages was not associated with the risk of CVD in both men and women. Also, there was no association between the intake of non-alcoholic beverages and the risk of CHD in either sex. In conclusion, the risks of stroke and total CVD were lower with a higher intake of non-alcoholic beverages in Japanese men and women.
Intelligent product redesign strategy with ontology-based fine-grained sentiment analysis
Authors: Zhu Siyu , Qi Jin , Hu Jie , Huang Haiqing
Published: July 2021

With the increasing demand for a personalized product and rapid market response, many companies expect to explore online user-generated content (UGC) for intelligent customer hearing and product redesign strategy. UGC has the advantages of being more unbiased than traditional interviews, yielding in-time response, and widely accessible with a sheer volume. From online resources, customers’ preferences toward various aspects of the product can be exploited by promising sentiment analysis methods. However, due to the complexity of language, state-of-the-art sentiment analysis methods are still not accurate for practice use in product redesign. To tackle this problem, we propose an integrated customer hearing and product redesign system, which combines the robust use of sentiment analysis for customer hearing and coordinated redesign mechanisms. Ontology and expert knowledges are involved to promote the accuracy. Specifically, a fuzzy product ontology that contains domain knowledges is first learned in a semi-supervised way. Then, UGC is exploited with a novel ontology-based fine-grained sentiment analysis approach. Extracted customer preference statistics are transformed into multilevels, for the automatic establishment of opportunity landscapes and house of quality table. Besides, customer preference statistics are interactively visualized, through which representative customer feedbacks are concurrently generated. Through a case study of smartphone, the effectiveness of the proposed system is validated, and applicable redesign strategies for a case product are provided. With this system, information including customer preferences, user experiences, using habits and conditions can be exploited together for reliable product redesign strategy elicitation.
Enclosures and de-sacralization in Tudor Coventry, and the foundations of modern urban space
Authors: Leech Donald
Published: July 2021

The Reformation exacted considerable changes on towns across Britain, occurring at the same time as the shift away from broadcloths to other economies. Part of the process of change was the de-sacralization of former monastic spaces. The parallel process of increased commons enclosures alongside acquisitions of church lands produced a secularized and privatized landscape which transitioned the medieval city to the modern. The active enclosures by Coventry corporation in the 1530s and 1540s, and local documents rationalizing such actions under the concept of benefiting the common weal, provide a clear example of the process.
Safer Hospital Infrastructure Assessments for Socio-Natural Disaster – A Scoping Review
Authors: Luke Jenny , Franklin Richard , Aitken Peter , Dyson Joanne
Published: July 2021

Background:

The aim of this review was to explore hospital socio-natural disaster resilience by identifying: studies assessing structural and non-structural aspects of building resilience; components required to maintain a safe and functional health facility; and if the checklists used were comprehensive and easily performed.

Methods:

A review systemic approach using PRISMA was taken to search the literature. The search focused on articles that discuss hospital disaster resilience. This includes assessments and checklists for facility structural and non-structural components.

Results:

This review identified 22 articles describing hospital assessments using checklists containing structural and non-structural elements of resilience. These studies identified assessments undertaken in ten countries, with eight occurring across Iran. A total of seven differing checklists were identified as containing aspects of structural or non-structural aspects of building resilience. The World Health Organization (WHO) has authored three checklists and four others were developed independently.

The structural resilience domain includes building integrity, building materials, design standards, and previous event damages as important elements to determine resilience. Within the internal safety and resilience domains, 11 differing elements were identified as important to non-structural or internal infrastructure resilience. These included the safety of power, water, telecommunication, medical gas supply, and medical equipment resupply systems.

Independent evaluation methods were reported in the majority of articles, with a small number highlighting the benefits of both self-evaluation and independent review processes. Implementation of training programs to evaluators was mentioned in three papers with the assessor’s knowledge and understanding of all checklist elements being highlighted as important to the validity of the evaluation.

Conclusion:

The review identified the assessment of hospital resilience as important for management to determine areas of vulnerability within the hospital’s infrastructure and to inform improvement strategies. Assessment criteria must be comprehensive, highlighting structural and non-structural aspects of facility infrastructure. These assessments are best done as a multi-disciplinary collective of experts, involving hospital employees in the journey. This collaborative approach provides a key educational tool for developing disaster capacity, engaging ownership of the process, and the resulting improvements.

The on-going development of health facility and wider health system resilience must remain a key strategic focus of national governments and health authorities. The development of standardized procedures and guidelines must be embedded into daily practice.
Pilot evaluation of a group stabilisation intervention for refugees and asylum seekers with PTSD
Authors: Griggs Mary , Liu Cheng , Cooper Kate
Published: July 2021

Background:

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is commonly experienced by asylum seekers and refugees (ASR). Evidence supports the use of cognitive behavioural therapy-based treatments, but not in group format for this population. However, group-based treatments are frequently used as a first-line intervention in the UK.

Aims:

This study investigated the feasibility of delivering a group-based, manualised stabilisation course specifically developed for ASR. The second aim was to evaluate the use of routine outcome measures (ROMs) to capture psychological change in this population.

Method:

Eighty-two participants from 22 countries attended the 8-session Moving On After Trauma (MOAT) group-based stabilisation treatment. PHQ-9, GAD-7, IES-R and idiosyncratic outcomes were administered pre- and post-intervention.

Results:

Seventy-one per cent of participants (n = 58) attended five or more of the treatment sessions. While completion rates of the ROMs were poor – measures were completed at pre- and post-intervention for 46% participants (n = 38) – a repeated-measures MANOVA indicated significant improvements in depression (p = .001, ηp2 = .262), anxiety (p = .000, ηp2 = .390), PTSD (p = .001, ηp2 = .393) and idiosyncratic measures (p = .000, ηp2 = .593) following the intervention.

Conclusions:

Preliminary evidence indicates that ASR who attended a low-intensity, group-based stabilisation group for PTSD experienced lower mental health scores post-group, although the lack of a comparison group means these results should be interpreted with caution. There are significant challenges in administering ROMs to individuals who speak many different languages, in a group setting. Nonetheless, groups have benefits including efficiency of treatment delivery which should also be considered.
First Simultaneous Observation of a Night Time Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance From the Ground and a Magnetospheric Satellite
Authors: Kawai K. , Shiokawa K. , Otsuka Y. , Oyama S. , Kasaba Y. , Kasahara Y. , Tsuchiya F. , Kumamoto A. , Nakamura S. , Matsuoka A. , Imajo S. , Kazama Y. , Wang S.‐Y. , Tam S. W. Y. , Chang T. F. , Wang B. J. , Asamura K. , Kasahara S. , Yokota S. , Keika K. , Hori T. , Miyoshi Y. , Jun C. , Shoji M. , Shinohara I.
Published: July 2021

Medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) are a phenomenon widely and frequently observed over the ionosphere from high to low latitudes. Night time MSTIDs are caused generally by the polarization electric field in the ionosphere. However, propagation of this polarization electric field to the magnetosphere has not yet been identified. Here, we report the first observation of the polarization electric field and associated density variations of a night time MSTID in the magnetosphere. The MSTID event was observed by an all‐sky airglow imager at Gakona (geographical latitude: 62.39°N, geographical longitude: 214.78°E, magnetic latitude: 63.20°N), Alaska. The Arase satellite passed over the MSTID in the inner magnetosphere at 0530–0800 UT (2030–2300 LT) on November 3, 2018. This MSTID, observed in 630 nm airglow images, was propagating westward with a horizontal wavelength of ∼165 km, a north–south phase front, and a phase velocity of ∼80 m/s. The Arase satellite footprint on the ionosphere crossed the MSTID in the direction nearly perpendicular to the MSTID phase fronts. The electric field and electron density observed by the Arase satellite showed periodic variation associated with the MSTID structure with amplitudes of ∼2 mV/m and ∼150 cm−3, respectively. The electric field variations projected to the ionosphere are mainly in the east‐west direction and are consistent with the direction of the polarization electric field expected from MSTID growth by E × B drift. This observation indicates that the polarization electric field associated with the MSTID in the ionosphere is projected onto the magnetosphere, causing plasma density fluctuations in the magnetosphere.
Multi‐Mode Waveform Tomography of the Indian Ocean Upper and Mid‐Mantle Around the Réunion Hotspot
Authors: Wamba M. D. , Montagner J.‐P. , Romanowicz B. , Barruol G.
Published: July 2021

Réunion Island in the western Indian Ocean is well known as one of the most active volcanic hotspots on Earth. Its birth, Ma ago, created the Deccan volcanic traps in India (almost 2 million ), associated with the Cretaceous‐Tertiary boundary and with the extinction of about 90% of life on the Earth, including dinosaurs. However, the deep structure of the underlying mantle, the potential presence of a rising plume and its exact geometry in the lower and in the upper mantle are still subjects of debates. The use of seismic data acquired by the French‐German RHUM‐RUM experiment in the Indian Ocean around the Réunion volcanic hotspot (2012–2013) and the collection of broadband seismic data from temporary experiments and from the FDSN (Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks) data center make it possible to investigate the deep structure of the Réunion mantle plume along its complete track, from its birth to its present stage, with a lateral resolution of km. So far, global seismic tomography models cannot provide such high resolution images of the transition zone or lower mantle in this region. In this study, we used the spectral element method (SEM) to perform waveform forward modeling for several thousand paths beneath the Indian Ocean, and normal mode perturbation theory to compute the gradient and the Hessian for the inverse part of the tomography. Using this hybrid method, we derived a regional tomographic model (including teleseismic and regional events) beneath the Indian Ocean, down to km depth, from simultaneous inversion of fundamental and higher mode three components waveforms down to 40 s period. Our model retrieves a low‐velocity channel extending from West to East in the western side of the Central Indian Ridge, in the depth range of 150–250 km. It also reveals a plume conduit with a broad head in the upper mantle and narrow tail anchored in the lower mantle at 1,200 km depth or deeper. The connection between the Réunion hotspot and the South‐Africa Large Low‐Shear Velocity Province (LLSVP) is also brought to light. Our findings suggest a long‐lived Réunion hotspot, since the lower part of the conduit appears to be anchored in the lower mantle, likely fed by the African LLSVP. Our results will guide further geochemical and geodynamic studies on the interaction between the lower transition zone (660–1,000 km) and the deep lower mantle beneath the Réunion hotspot.
An Iceberg May Have Initiated a Submarine Landslide
Authors: Chapman Andrew
Published: July 2021

A new study shows that icebergs may initiate submarine landslides when they collide with the seafloor.
Spatiotemporal Associations Between Social Vulnerability, Environmental Measurements, and COVID‐19 in the Conterminous United States
Authors: Johnson Daniel P. , Ravi Niranjan , Braneon Christian V.
Published: July 2021

This study summarizes the results from fitting a Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal model to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases and deaths at the county level in the United States for the year 2020. Two models were created, one for cases and one for deaths, utilizing a scaled Besag, York, Mollié model with Type I spatial‐temporal interaction. Each model accounts for 16 social vulnerability and 7 environmental variables as fixed effects. The spatial pattern between COVID‐19 cases and deaths is significantly different in many ways. The spatiotemporal trend of the pandemic in the United States illustrates a shift out of many of the major metropolitan areas into the United States Southeast and Southwest during the summer months and into the upper Midwest beginning in autumn. Analysis of the major social vulnerability predictors of COVID‐19 infection and death found that counties with higher percentages of those not having a high school diploma, having non‐White status and being Age 65 and over to be significant. Among the environmental variables, above ground level temperature had the strongest effect on relative risk to both cases and deaths. Hot and cold spots, areas of statistically significant high and low COVID‐19 cases and deaths respectively, derived from the convolutional spatial effect show that areas with a high probability of above average relative risk have significantly higher Social Vulnerability Index composite scores. The same analysis utilizing the spatiotemporal interaction term exemplifies a more complex relationship between social vulnerability, environmental measurements, COVID‐19 cases, and COVID‐19 deaths.
Manifestations of Magnetotail Flow Channels in Energetic Particle Signatures at Low‐Altitude Orbit
Authors: Sergeev V. A. , Sun Weiqin , Yang Jian , Panov E. V.
Published: July 2021

Although magnetotail bursty bulk flows (BBFs)/plasma bubbles are widely recognized as major plasma transport structures that provide particle acceleration and injection, their ionospheric signatures in energetic particles have not been established. In this study, we combine the ionospheric energetic proton flux (as a proxy to the equatorial pressure) and energetic electron loss‐cone filling rate (as a marker of the equatorial magnetic field) to detect a rapid traversal from stretched to dipolarized field lines across the BBF channel. During a nonsubstorm episode when multiple flow bursts were observed in the plasma sheet, we show remarkable step‐like increases of energetic proton flux (approaching 103 in some events) observed in the middle of nightside auroral zone. We also conduct a high‐resolution Rice Convection Model (RCM) simulation of a plasma‐sheet bubble intrusion into the inner magnetosphere. Besides confirmation of the observed signatures, the simulation illustrates variability of the ionospheric signatures of bubbles and provides guidance in future studies of flow burst interactions.
Field Observations of the Evolution of Plunging‐Wave Shapes
Authors: O'Dea Annika , Brodie Katherine , Elgar Steve
Published: July 2021

There are few high‐resolution field observations of the water surface during breaking owing to the difficulty of collecting spatially dense measurements in the surf zone, and thus the factors influencing breaking‐wave shape in field conditions remain poorly understood. Here, the shape and evolution of plunging breakers is analyzed quantitatively using three‐dimensional scans of the water surface collected at high spatial and temporal resolution with a multi‐beam terrestrial lidar scanner. The observed internal void shapes in plunging breakers agree well with previously developed theoretical shapes at the onset of breaking, and become more elongated and less steep as breaking progresses. The normalized void area increases as the local bottom slope steepens and as the breaking depth decreases. The void shape becomes more circular as the local bottom slope and the ratio of breaking water depth to wavelength increase, as well as in conditions with opposing winds.