bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topology Optimization Method of Stamping Structures Based on the Directional Density Field
Authors: Yuan Zhiling , Geng Lei , Wang Ningning , Wu Tao , Qi Wei , Dai Yuhua , Huang Jiaqi
Published: January 2024

The stamping process produces thin-walled structures that, in general, have uniform wall thickness and no enclosed cavity. However, it is difficult to satisfy the above geometric requirements with the current density-based topology optimization method, since configuring the related geometric constraints is challenging. In order to solve this problem, a topology optimization method for stamping structures based on a directional density field is proposed. Specifically, the directional density field is developed to enable the adding and removing of materials only along the stamping direction, so as to avoid internal voids and concave features. The geometric control for uniform wall thickness is realized by tuning the truncation threshold of the Heaviside projection that processes the directional density field into the 0–1 binary field. At the same time, a calibrated filter radius of the truncation thresholds will facilitate the drawing angle control of the stamping ribs. The effectiveness of the established method has been verified by a number of numerical case studies. Results show that the proposed method can perform topology optimization for stamping structures with tunable uniform thickness and drawing angle control of the ribs. No internal voids or undercuts appear in the results. The results also disclose that a constant truncation threshold increment does not guarantee uniform wall thickness, and varying the threshold increments through surface offset and polynomial fitting is necessary.
Design, Characterization, and Incorporation of the Alkaline Aluminosilicate Binder in Temperature-Insulating Composites
Authors: Kryvenko Pavlo , Rudenko Igor , Konstantynovskyi Oleksandr , Gelevera Oleksandr
Published: January 2024

This paper covers the design of binder formulations and technology for low-energy building materials based on alkaline aluminosilicate binders developed for special uses. The microstructure of the binders was investigated using scanning electron and atomic force microscopy examination techniques. The identification of phase compositions was performed by means of X-ray diffraction. The degree of binding of the alkali metal ions within the binder was determined with the help of chemical analysis of the pore fluid. Structure formation depending upon binder mix design and curing conditions was also studied. Some examples of the manufacture and application of binder-based glues and adhesives, including those developed for heat insulation and fire prevention, are discussed. The advantages of binder-based temperature-insulating composite materials compared with traditionally used materials are highlighted.
Recent Developments in Materials for Physical Hydrogen Storage: A Review
Authors: Le Thi Hoa , Kim Minsoo P. , Park Chan Ho , Tran Quang Nhat
Published: January 2024

The depletion of reliable energy sources and the environmental and climatic repercussions of polluting energy sources have become global challenges. Hence, many countries have adopted various renewable energy sources including hydrogen. Hydrogen is a future energy carrier in the global energy system and has the potential to produce zero carbon emissions. For the non-fossil energy sources, hydrogen and electricity are considered the dominant energy carriers for providing end-user services, because they can satisfy most of the consumer requirements. Hence, the development of both hydrogen production and storage is necessary to meet the standards of a “hydrogen economy”. The physical and chemical absorption of hydrogen in solid storage materials is a promising hydrogen storage method because of the high storage and transportation performance. In this paper, physical hydrogen storage materials such as hollow spheres, carbon-based materials, zeolites, and metal–organic frameworks are reviewed. We summarize and discuss the properties, hydrogen storage densities at different temperatures and pressures, and the fabrication and modification methods of these materials. The challenges associated with these physical hydrogen storage materials are also discussed.
A New Strategy for the High-Throughput Characterization of Materials’ Mechanical Homogeneity Based on the Effect of Isostatic Pressing on Surface Microstrain
Authors: Fang Zhigang , Ren Qun , Wang Haizhou , Cao Jingyi , Shen Xuejing , Zhang Wenyu , Wan Weihao , Yin Wenchang , Li Liang , Zang Bolin
Published: January 2024

A new strategy for the high-throughput characterization of the mechanical homogeneity of metallurgical materials is proposed. Based on the principle of hydrostatic transmission and the synergistic analysis of the composition, microstructure, defects, and surface profile of the chosen material, the microstrain characteristics and changes in surface roughness after isostatic pressing were analyzed. After isostatic pressing, two types of microstrains were produced: low microstrain (surface smoothening with decreasing roughness) and large microstrain (surface roughening with increasing roughness). Furthermore, the roughness of the roughened microregions could be further classified based on the strain degree. The phenomenon of weak-interface damage with a large microstrain (plastic deformation, cleavage fracture, and tearing near nonmetallic inclusions) indicated that the surface microstrain analysis could be a new method of high-throughput characterization for microregions with relatively poor micromechanical properties. In general, the effect of isostatic pressing on the surface microstrain of heat-resistant steel provides a promising strategy for achieving high-throughput screening and statistically characterizing microregions with poor micromechanical properties, such as microregions containing microcracks, nonmetallic inclusions, pores, and other surface defects.
FEA Comparison of the Mechanical Behavior of Three Dental Crown Materials: Enamel, Ceramic, and Zirconia
Authors: Ceddia Mario , Lamberti Luciano , Trentadue Bartolomeo
Published: January 2024

The restoration of endodontically treated teeth is one of the main challenges of restorative dentistry. The structure of the tooth is a complex assembly in which the materials that make it up, enamel and dentin, have very different mechanical behaviors. Therefore, finding alternative replacement materials for dental crowns in the area of restorative care isa highly significant challenge, since materials such as ceramic and zirconia have very different stress load resistance values. The aim of this study is to assess which material, either ceramic or zirconia, optimizes the behavior of a restored tooth under various typical clinical conditions and the masticatory load. A finite element analysis (FEA) framework is developed for this purpose. The 3D model of the restored tooth is input into the FEA software (Ansys Workbench R23)and meshed into tetrahedral elements. The presence of masticatory forces is considered: in particular, vertical, 45° inclined, and horizontal resultant forces of 280 N are applied on five contact points of the occlusal surface. The numerical results show that the maximum stress developed in the restored tooth including a ceramic crown and subject to axial load is about 39.381 MPa, which is rather close to the 62.32 MPa stress computed for the natural tooth; stresses of about 18 MPa are localized at the roots of both crown materials. In the case of the zirconia crown, the stresses are much higher than those in the ceramic crown, except for the 45° load direction, while, for the horizontal loads, the stress peak in the zirconia crown is almost three times as large as its counterpart in the ceramic crown (i.e., 163.24 MPa vs. 56.114 MPa, respectively). Therefore, the zirconia crown exhibits higher stresses than enamel and ceramic that could increase in the case of parafunctions, such as bruxism. The clinician’s choice between the two materials should be evaluated based on the patient’s medical condition.
3D Model of Carbon Diffusion during Diffusional Phase Transformations
Authors: Łach Łukasz , Svyetlichnyy Dmytro
Published: January 2024

The microstructure plays a crucial role in determining the properties of metallic materials, in terms of both their strength and functionality in various conditions. In the context of the formation of microstructure, phase transformations that occur in materials are highly significant. These are processes during which the structure of a material undergoes changes, most commonly as a result of variations in temperature, pressure, or chemical composition. The study of phase transformations is a broad and rapidly evolving research area that encompasses both experimental investigations and modeling studies. A foundational understanding of carbon diffusion and phase transformations in materials science is essential for comprehending the behavior of materials under different conditions. This understanding forms the basis for the development and optimization of materials with desired properties. The aim of this paper is to create a three-dimensional model for carbon diffusion in the context of modeling diffusional phase transformations occurring in carbon steels. The proposed model relies on the utilization of the LBM (Lattice Boltzmann Method) and CUDA architecture. The resultant carbon diffusion model is intricately linked with a microstructure evolution model grounded in FCA (Frontal Cellular Automata). This manuscript provides a concise overview of the LBM and the FCA method. It outlines the structure of the developed three-dimensional model for carbon diffusion, details its correlation with the microstructure evolution model, and presents the developed algorithm for simulating carbon diffusion. Demonstrative examples of simulation results, illustrating the growth of the emerging phase and affected by various model parameters within particular planes of the 3D calculation domain, are also presented.
Improving Mechanical Properties of Fe-Mn-Co-Cr High-Entropy Alloy via Annealing after Cold Rolling
Authors: Lv Yukun , Song Pingtao , Wang Yuzhe , Zhao Xuerou , Gao Wei , Zhang Jie , Lei Yutian , Chen Jian
Published: January 2024

The as-cast (Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10)97C2Mo1 HEA (high entropy alloy) was prepared and cold-rolled at 70%. Subsequently, annealing heat treatment at different temperatures (900 °C, 950 °C, 1000 °C) was carried out. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the HEA were systematically investigated. The results showed that the HEA annealed at 900 °C and 950 °C exhibited uneven grain size and rich σ precipitation phase at grain boundaries. The grains began to grow and complete recrystallization, and no σ phases were observed in HEA annealed at 1000 °C, which resulted in a higher tensile strength of ~885 MPa and elongation of ~68% compared with other annealed HEAs. The higher volume fraction of annealing twins with 60°<111> orientation was produced in HEA annealed at 1000 °C, which enhanced the tensile strength and plasticity via the Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) mechanism.
Low-Power Phototransistor with Enhanced Visible-Light Photoresponse and Electrical Performances Using an IGZO/IZO Heterostructure
Authors: Kim Yu Bin , Jeong Jun Hyung , Park Min Ho , Yun Jung Min , Ma Jin Hyun , Ha Hyoun Ji , Kang Seong Jae , Kang Seong Jun
Published: January 2024

In this study, we demonstrated the effective separation of charge carriers within the IGZO/IZO heterostructure by incorporating IZO. We have chosen IGZO for its high mobility and excellent on–off switching behavior in the front channel of our oxide–oxide heterostructure. Similarly, for an additional oxide layer, we have selected IZO due to its outstanding electrical properties. The optimized optoelectronic characteristics of the IGZO/IZO phototransistors were identified by adjusting the ratio of In:Zn in the IZO layer. As a result, the most remarkable traits were observed at the ratio of In:Zn = 8:2. Compared to the IGZO single-layer phototransistor, the IGZO/IZO(8:2) phototransistor showed improved photoresponse characteristics, with photosensitivity and photoresponsivity values of 1.00 × 107 and 89.1 AW−1, respectively, under visible light wavelength illumination. Moreover, the electrical characteristics of the IGZO/IZO(8:2) transistor, such as field effect mobility (μsat) and current on/off ratio (Ion/Ioff), were highly enhanced compared to the IGZO transistor. The μsat and Ion/Ioff were increased by about 2.1 times and 2.3 times, respectively, compared to the IGZO transistor. This work provides an approach for fabricating visible-light phototransistors with elevated optoelectronic properties and low power consumption based on an oxide–oxide heterostructure. The phototransistor with improved performance can be applied to applications such as color-selective visible-light image sensors and biometric sensors interacting with human–machine interfaces.
Analysis of Higher-Order Bézier Curves for Approximation of the Static Magnetic Properties of NO Electrical Steels
Authors: Rahmanović Ermin , Petrun Martin
Published: January 2024

Adequate mathematical description of magnetization curves is indispensable in engineering. The accuracy of the description has a significant impact on the design of electric machines and devices. The aim of this paper was to analyze the capability of Bézier curves systematically, to describe the nonlinear static magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steels, and to compare this approach versus the established mathematical descriptions. First, analytic functions versus measurements were analyzed. The Bézier curves were then compared systematically with the most adequate analytic functions. Next, the most suitable orders of Bézier curves were determined for the approximation of nonlinear magnetic properties, where the influence of the range of the input measurement dataset on the approximation process was analyzed. Last, the extrapolation capabilities of the Bézier curves and analytic functions were evaluated. The general conclusion is that Bézier curves have adequate flexibility and significant potential for the approximation and extrapolation of nonlinear properties of non-oriented electrical steels.
The Screening and Identification of a Dextranase-Secreting Marine Actinmycete Saccharomonospora sp. K1 and Study of Its Enzymatic Characteristics
Authors: Wang Boyan , Wu Yizhuo , Li Qiang , Wu Xudong , Kang Xinxin , Zhang Lei , Lyu Mingsheng , Wang Shujun
Published: January 2024

In this study, an actinomycete was isolated from sea mud. The strain K1 was identified as Saccharomonospora sp. by 16S rDNA. The optimal enzyme production temperature, initial pH, time, and concentration of the inducer of this actinomycete strain K1 were 37 °C, pH 8.5, 72 h, and 2% dextran T20 of medium, respectively. Dextranase from strain K1 exhibited maximum activity at 8.5 pH and 50 °C. The molecular weight of the enzyme was <10 kDa. The metal ions Sr2+ and K+ enhanced its activity, whereas Fe3+ and Co2+ had an opposite effect. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography showed that dextran was mainly hydrolyzed to isomaltoheptose and isomaltopentaose. Also, it could effectively remove biofilms of Streptococcus mutans. Furthermore, it could be used to prepare porous sweet potato starch. This is the first time a dextranase-producing actinomycete strain was screened from marine samples.
How Can Artificial Intelligence Be Implemented Effectively in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Japan?
Authors: Kawasaki Ryo
Published: January 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes, affecting a substantial portion of diabetic patients worldwide. Timely intervention is pivotal in mitigating the risk of blindness associated with DR, yet early detection remains a challenge due to the absence of early symptoms. Screening programs have emerged as a strategy to address this burden, and this paper delves into the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing DR screening in Japan. There are two pathways for DR screening in Japan: a health screening pathway and a clinical referral path from physicians to ophthalmologists. AI technologies that realize automated image classification by applying deep learning are emerging. These technologies have exhibited substantial promise, achieving sensitivity and specificity levels exceeding 90% in prospective studies. Moreover, we introduce the potential of Generative AI and large language models (LLMs) to transform healthcare delivery, particularly in patient engagement, medical records, and decision support. Considering the use of AI in DR screening in Japan, we propose to follow a seven-step framework for systematic screening and emphasize the importance of integrating AI into a well-designed screening program. Automated scoring systems with AI enhance screening quality, but their effectiveness depends on their integration into the broader screening ecosystem. LLMs emerge as an important tool to fill gaps in the screening process, from personalized invitations to reporting results, facilitating a seamless and efficient system. However, it is essential to address concerns surrounding technical accuracy and governance before full-scale integration into the healthcare system. In conclusion, this review highlights the challenges in the current screening pathway and the potential for AI, particularly LLM, to revolutionize DR screening in Japan. The future direction will depend on leadership from ophthalmologists and stakeholders to address long-standing challenges in DR screening so that all people have access to accessible and effective screening.
The Current and Emerging Role of Statins in the Treatment of PCOS: The Evidence to Date
Authors: Kolnikaj Tea Shehu , Herman Rok , Janež Andrej , Jensterle Mojca
Published: January 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) manifests a multifactorial pathology characterized by polycystic ovaries, menstrual cycle disorders, varying degrees of hyperandrogenism, and an ad-verse metabolic risk profile. The position of hyperandrogenism in this syndrome has been extensively studied. A multitude of mechanisms place it in the position of cause but also of consequence; therefore, ongoing research efforts are focused on identifying medications that can effectively reduce levels of androgens in women with PCOS. Moreover, lipid abnormalities are common in this population, with up to 70% of patients having dyslipidemia. Statins may have potential therapeutic benefits for women with PCOS, as they have been shown to improve insulin resistance and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, their role in accelerated steroidogenesis by limiting one source of cholesterol, influencing enzymatic activity, and providing several other beneficial mechanisms is widely investigated. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis of androgen excess and dyslipidemia in PCOS, as well as the therapeutic potential of statins.
Can a Low-Phosphate Diet for Chronic Kidney Disease Treat Cancer? An Interdisciplinary Literature Review
Authors: Brown Ronald B. , Bigelow Philip
Published: January 2024

Background: Cancer therapeutics have a low success rate in clinical trials. An interdisciplinary approach is needed to translate basic, clinical, and remote fields of research knowledge into novel cancer treatments. Recent research has identified high dietary phosphate intake as a risk factor associated with cancer incidence. A model of tumor dynamics predicted that reducing phosphate levels sequestered in the tumor microenvironment could substantially reduce tumor size. Coincidently, a low-phosphate diet is already in use to help patients with chronic kidney disease manage high serum phosphate levels. Methods: A grounded-theory literature-review method was used to synthesize interdisciplinary findings from the basic and clinical sciences, including oncology, nephrology, nutritional epidemiology, and dietetic research on cancer. Results: Findings of tumor remission associated with fasting and a ketogenic diet, which lower intake of dietary phosphate, support the hypothesis that a low-phosphate diet will reduce levels of phosphate sequestered in the tumor microenvironment and reduce tumor size. Additionally, long-term effects of a low-phosphate diet may reverse dysregulated phosphate metabolism associated with tumorigenesis and prevent cancer recurrence. Conclusions: Evidence in this article provides the rationale to test a low-phosphate diet as a dietary intervention to reduce tumor size and lower risk of cancer recurrence.
Design of a Shock-Protected Structure for MEMS Gyroscopes over a Full Temperature Range
Authors: Xu Yingyu , Lin Jing , He Chunhua , Wu Heng , Huang Qinwen , Yan Guizhen
Published: January 2024

Impact is the most important factor affecting the reliability of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) gyroscopes, therefore corresponding reliability design is very essential. This paper proposes a shock-protected structure (SPS) capable of withstanding a full temperature range from −40 °C to 80 °C to enhance the shock resistance of MEMS gyroscopes. Firstly, the shock transfer functions of the gyroscope and the SPS are derived using Single Degree-of-Freedom and Two Degree-of-Freedom models. The U-folded beam stiffness and maximum positive stress are deduced to evaluate the shock resistance of the silicon beam. Subsequently, the frequency responses of acceleration of the gyroscope and the SPS are simulated and analyzed in Matlab utilizing the theoretical models. Simulation results demonstrate that when the first-order natural frequency of the SPS is approximately one-fourth of the gyroscope’s resonant frequency, the impact protection effect is best, and the SPS does not affect the original performance of the gyroscope. The acceleration peak of the MEMS gyroscope is reduced by approximately 23.5 dB when equipped with the SPS in comparison to its counterpart without the SPS. The anti-shock capability of the gyroscope with the SPS is enhanced by approximately 13 times over the full-temperature range. After the shock tests under the worst case, the gyroscope without the SPS experiences a beam fracture failure, while the performance of the gyroscope with the SPS remains normal, validating the effectiveness of the SPS in improving the shock reliability of MEMS gyroscopes.
A Compact Broadband Power Combiner for High-Power, Continuous-Wave Applications
Authors: Yang Zihan , Zhang Qiang , Zhou Kelin , Zhao Lishan , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2024

A compact broadband combiner with a high power capacity and a low insertion loss, which is especially useful for solid-state power sources where multi-way power synthesis is needed, was designed and experimentally investigated. The combiner could combine the microwave signals of sixteen terminals into a single one and was based on a radial-line waveguide whose circumferential symmetry benefited the amplitude and phase consistency of the combiner. Simulation and experimental results showed that the prototype device, designed for S-band applications, exhibited a reflection coefficient S1,1 < −20 dB in the range of 2.06–2.93 GHz, which corresponds to a relative bandwidth of approximately 34.6%. At 2.45 GHz, the phase imbalance was ±4.5° and the 16-way transmission coefficient was concentrated around −12.0~−12.3 dB. The insertion loss of the device at ambient and elevated temperatures was simulated and experimentally verified, which is of importance for the design of similar high-power microwave combiners. High-power tests proved that even without enforced wind or liquid cooling, the device can handle continuous power (CW) of at least 3.9 kW, which can be much enhanced by taking regular cooling measures. The combined features of the designed combiner suggest promising applications for power synthesis in high-power, solid-state RF sources.
Mating Pheromone (Gamone 1) in Blepharisma: A Glycoprotein Responsible for Species Diversity in Unicellular Organisms (Alveolata, Ciliophora)
Authors: Kobayashi Mayumi , Sugiura Mayumi , Iwasaki Shoko , Iwabe Naoyuki , Harumoto Terue
Published: January 2024

The genus Blepharisma (Alveolata, Ciliophora) is a unicellular organism distributed worldwide, even in extreme environments, and comprises numerous species. While usually proliferating through cell division, Blepharisma undergoes sexual reproduction (conjugation) when cells are moderately starved. Conjugation is initiated by mating pheromones (gamone 1 and gamone 2) secreted by complementary mating-type cells. Gamone 1, a glycoprotein, functions in a species-specific manner, while gamone 2, an amino acid derivative, is a common molecule across species. The specific function of gamone 1 suggests the possibility that mutations in gamone 1 might have led to reproductive isolation during the evolutionary process, triggering species diversification. In this study, by comparing the amino acid sequences of gamone 1 homologs from 15 strains (representing five species), we found that mutations resulting in distinct amino acid properties occur across species boundaries and are mainly concentrated at two specific regions within gamone 1. These mutations potentially alter the binding affinity of gamone 1 to its receptors, suggesting their effect in causing reproductive isolation. The interspecies artificial conjugation conducted previously and the molecular phylogenetic tree constructed using the gamone 1 homolog sequences in this study provide insights into the speciation process within the genus Blepharisma.
Exploring the Therapeutic Efficacy of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) as a Functional Food: Implications in Immunological Tolerability, Reduction of Muscle Cramps, and Treatment of Dermatitis
Authors: Ganea Mariana , Vicaș Laura Grațiela , Gligor Octavia , Sarac Ioan , Onisan Emilian , Nagy Csaba , Moisa Corina , Ghitea Timea Claudia
Published: January 2024

The status of parsley as a well-known folk medicine noted for its nutritional and medicinal properties prompted the exploration of its potential as a functional food and natural remedy. The paper aims to investigate the potential of parsley to enhance muscle function and alleviate psoriasiform dermatitis, eventually establishing it as a natural, well-tolerated alternative with specific benefits for both muscles and skin. This study examines the tolerability of parsley in a cohort of 937 participants by assessing immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactions. The findings reveal high tolerability, as 96.26% of participants experienced no adverse effects. Among the 902 individuals lacking hypersensitivity, 37.02% reported muscle cramps, with a notable 15.02% reduction observed in the subgroup consuming parsley juice. In the subset of 32 subjects with dermatitis, the application of parsley extract ointment led to a significant decrease in dermatological parameters (redness, thickness, scaling). While the control group exhibited improvements, statistical significance was not observed. Notably, four categories of affected area reduction were identified, with scaling demonstrating the most pronounced impact. The results propose that parsley holds promise for favorable tolerability, contributing to the alleviation of muscle cramps and presenting an effective alternative in dermatitis treatment. Nonetheless, sustained validation through long-term studies is imperative to substantiate these preliminary findings.
The Graphene Quantum Dots Gated Nanoplatform for Photothermal-Enhanced Synergetic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Wang Lipin , Wang Wenbao , Wang Yufang , Tao Wenli , Hou Tingxing , Cai Defu , Liu Likun , Liu Chang , Jiang Ke , Lin Jiayin , Zhang Yujing , Zhu Wenquan , Han Cuiyan
Published: January 2024

Currently, the obvious side effects of anti-tumor drugs, premature drug release, and low tumor penetration of nanoparticles have largely reduced the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy. A drug delivery vehicle (MCN-SS-GQDs) was designed innovatively. For this, the mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCN) with the capabilities of superior photothermal conversion efficiency and high loading efficiency were used as the skeleton structure, and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were gated on the mesopores via disulfide bonds. The doxorubicin (DOX) was used to evaluate the pH-, GSH-, and NIR-responsive release performances of DOX/MCN-SS-GQDs. The disulfide bonds of MCN-SS-GQDs can be ruptured under high glutathione concentration in the tumor microenvironment, inducing the responsive release of DOX and the detachment of GQDs. The local temperature of a tumor increases significantly through the photothermal conversion of double carbon materials (MCN and GQDs) under near-infrared light irradiation. Local hyperthermia can promote tumor cell apoptosis, accelerate the release of drugs, and increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy, thus increasing treatment effect. At the same time, the detached GQDs can take advantage of their extremely small size (5–10 nm) to penetrate deeply into tumor tissues, solving the problem of low permeability of traditional nanoparticles. By utilizing the photothermal properties of GQDs, synergistic photothermal conversion between GQDs and MCN was realized for the purpose of synergistic photothermal treatment of superficial and deep tumor tissues.
A Coumarin–Hemicyanine Deep Red Dye with a Large Stokes Shift for the Fluorescence Detection and Naked-Eye Recognition of Cyanide
Authors: Li Dongmei , Peng Senlin , Zhou Xu , Shen Lingyi , Yang Xianjiong , Xu Hong , Redshaw Carl , Zhang Chunlin , Zhang Qilong
Published: January 2024

In this study, we synthesized a coumarin–hemicyanine-based deep red fluorescent dye that exhibits an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The probe had a large Stokes shift of 287 nm and a large molar absorption coefficient (ε = 7.5 × 105 L·mol−1·cm−1) and is best described as a deep red luminescent fluorescent probe with λem = 667 nm. The color of probe W changed significantly when it encountered cyanide ions (CN−). The absorption peak (585 nm) decreased gradually, and the absorption peak (428 nm) increased gradually, so that cyanide (CN−) could be identified by the naked eye. Moreover, an obvious fluorescence change was evident before and after the reaction under irradiation using 365 nm UV light. The maximum emission peak (667 nm) decreased gradually, whilst the emission peak (495 nm) increased gradually, which allowed for the proportional fluorescence detection of cyanide (CN−). Using fluorescence spectrometry, the fluorescent probe W could linearly detect CN− over the concentration range of 1–9 μM (R2 = 9913, RSD = 0.534) with a detection limit of 0.24 μM. Using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the linear detection range for CN− was found to be 1–27 μM (R2 = 0.99583, RSD = 0.675) with a detection limit of 0.13 μM. The sensing mechanism was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations, 13C NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallographic analysis and HRMS. The recognition and detection of CN− by probe W was characterized by a rapid response, high selectivity, and high sensitivity. Therefore, this probe provides a convenient, effective and economical method for synthesizing and detecting cyanide efficiently and sensitively.
Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazepines and Benzo[f][1,3,5]triazepines and Their Biological Activity: Recent Advances and New Approaches
Authors: Abu-Hashem Ameen Ali , Hakami Othman , Amri Nasser , Mukhrish Yousef E. , Abdelgawad Ahmed A. M.
Published: January 2024

This review article discusses the recent progress in synthesizing seven-membered ring 1,3,5-triazepine and benzo[f][1,3,5]triazepine derivatives. These derivatives can be either unsaturated, saturated, fused, or separated. This review covers strategies and procedures developed over the past two decades, including cyclo-condensation, cyclization, methylation, chlorination, alkylation, addition, cross-coupling, ring expansions, and ring-closing metathesis. This review discusses the synthesis of 1,3,5-triazepine derivatives using nucleophilic or electrophilic substitution reactions with various reagents such as o-phenylenediamine, 2-aminobenzamide, isothiocyanates, pyrazoles, thiazoles, oxadiazoles, oxadiazepines, and hydrazonoyl chloride. This article systematically presents new approaches and techniques for preparing these compounds. It also highlights the biological importance of benzo[f][1,3,5]triazepine derivatives, which have been used as drugs for treating nervous system diseases. This review aims to provide researchers with the necessary information to create and develop new derivatives of these compounds as quickly as possible.
Comparative Investigation of Ultrafast Excited-State Electron Transfer in Both Polyfluorene-Graphene Carboxylate and Polyfluorene-DCB Interfaces
Authors: Alsam Amani A.
Published: January 2024

The Photophysical properties, such as fluorescence quenching, and photoexcitation dynamics of bimolecular non-covalent systems consisting of cationic poly[(9,9-di(3,3′-N,N′-trimethyl-ammonium) propyl fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)] diiodide salt (PFN) and anionic graphene carboxylate (GC) have been discovered for the first time via steady-state and time-resolved femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy with broadband capabilities. The steady-state fluorescence of PFN is quenched with high efficiency by the GC acceptor. Fluorescence lifetime measurements reveal that the quenching mechanism of PFN by GC is static. Here, the quenching mechanisms are well proven via the TA spectra of PFN/GC systems. For PFN/GC systems, the photo electron transfer (PET) and charge recombination (CR) processes are ultrafast (within a few tens of ps) compared to static interactions, whereas for PFN/1,4-dicyanobenzene DCB systems, the PET takes place in a few hundreds of ps (217.50 ps), suggesting a diffusion-controlled PET process. In the latter case, the PFN+•–DCB−• radical ion pairs as the result of the PET from the PFN to DCB are clearly resolved, and they are long-lived. The slow CR process (in 30 ns time scales) suggests that PFN+• and DCB−• may already form separated radical ion pairs through the charge separation (CS) process, which recombine back to the initial state with a characteristic time constant of 30 ns. The advantage of the present positively charged polyfluorene used in this work is the control over the electrostatic interactions and electron transfers in non-covalent polyfluorene/quencher systems in DMSO solution.
Production and Properties of Starch: Current Research
Authors: Wang Lili , Tong Litao
Published: January 2024

Starch is an important carbohydrate polymer found in plants and has been widely used in food and non-food industries due to its abundance, renewability, biodegradability, low cost, biocompatibility and non-toxicity [...]
Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of the Rearranged Abietane Prattinin A and Its Synthetic Derivatives
Authors: Ait El Had Mustapha , Zefzoufi Manal , Zentar Houda , Bahsis Lahoucine , Hachim Mouhi Eddine , Ghaleb Adib , Khelifa-Mahdjoubi Choukri , Bouamama Hafida , Alvarez-Manzaneda Ramón , Justicia José , Chahboun Rachid
Published: January 2024

Synthesis of the natural product prattinin A and some new derivatives has been achieved using abietic acid. The final products and a selection of intermediates were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against three human pathogenic bacteria: E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus. The results showed that the antibacterial activity varies depending on the chemical structure of the compounds. Notably, compound 27 exhibited the most potent activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 11.7 µg/mL, comparable to that of the standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin, and strong activity against S. aureus, with an MIC of 23.4 µg/mL. Furthermore, we assessed the stability of these derivative compounds as potential antimicrobial agents and determined their interactions with the crystal structure of the protein receptor mutant TEM-12 from E. coli (pdb:1ESU) using molecular docking via UCSF Chimera software 1.17.3. The results suggest that 27 has potential as a natural antibiotic agent.
Lysozyme: A Natural Product with Multiple and Useful Antiviral Properties
Authors: Bergamo Alberta , Sava Gianni
Published: January 2024

Lysozyme, especially the one obtained from hen’s egg white, continues to show new pharmacological properties. The fact that only a few of these properties can be translated into therapeutic applications is due to the lack of suitable clinical studies. However, this lack cannot hide the evidence that is emerging from scientific research. This review for the first time examines, from a pharmacological point of view, all the relevant studies on the antiviral properties of lysozyme, analyzing its possible mechanism of action and its ability to block viral infections and, in some cases, inhibit viral replication. Lysozyme can interact with nucleic acids and alter their function, but this effect is uncoupled from the catalytic activity that determines its antibacterial activity; it is present in intact lysozyme but is equally potent in a heat-degraded lysozyme or in a nonapeptide isolated by proteolytic digestion. An analysis of the literature shows that lysozyme can be used both as a disinfectant for raw and processed foods and as a drug to combat viral infections in animals and humans. To summarize, it can be said that lysozyme has important antiviral properties, as already suspected in the initial studies conducted over 50 years ago, and it should be explored in suitable clinical studies on humans.
Enhancement of Photoluminescence Properties via Polymer Infiltration in a Colloidal Photonic Glass
Authors: Chiappini Andrea , Faccialà Davide , Novikova Nina I. , Sardar Samim , D’Andrea Cosimo , Scavia Guido , Botta Chiara , Virgili Tersilla
Published: January 2024

Photonic glasses (PGs) based on the self-assembly of monosized nanoparticles can be an effective tool for realizing disordered structures capable of tailoring light diffusion due to the establishment of Mie resonances. In particular, the wavelength position of these resonances depends mainly on the morphology (dimension) and optical properties (refractive index) of the building blocks. In this study, we report the fabrication and optical characterization of photonic glasses obtained via a self-assembling technique. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the infiltration of these systems with a green-emitting polymer enhances the properties of the polymer, resulting in a large increase in its photoluminescence quantum yield and a 3 ps growing time of the photoluminescence time decay Finally, the development of the aforementioned system can serve as a suitable low-cost platform for the realization of lasers and fluorescence-based bio-sensors.
The Extraction, Determination, and Bioactivity of Curcumenol: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Li Jie , Sun Yitian , Li Guohua , Cheng Chunsong , Sui Xinbing , Wu Qibiao
Published: January 2024

Curcuma wenyujin is a member of the Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary, Zingiberaceae) family, which has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) due to its abundant biologically active constituents. Curcumenol, a component of Curcuma wenyujin, has several biological activities. At present, despite different pharmacological activities being reported, the clinical usage of curcumenol remains under investigation. To further determine the characteristics of curcumenol, the extraction, determination, and bioactivity of the compound are summarized in this review. Existing research has reported that curcumenol exerts different pharmacological effects in regard to a variety of diseases, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bactericidal, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activity, and also ameliorates osteoporosis. This review of curcumenol provides a theoretical basis for further research and clinical applications.
Composition Regulation of Potassium Sodium Niobate Thin Films through Post-Annealing under Alkali Element Atmospheres
Authors: Chen Binjie , Tao Chuanyang , Fan Wenying , Shen Binglin , Ju Min , Dou Zhongshang , Wu Chaofeng , Yao Fang-Zhou , Gong Wen , Wang Ke
Published: January 2024

Amorphous potassium sodium niobate (KNN) films were synthesized at 300 °C through the radio frequency magnetron sputtering method and subsequently crystallized by post-annealing at 700 °C in various alkali element atmospheres (Na and K). The as-deposited film is notably deficient in alkali metal elements, particularly K, whereas the loss of alkali elements in the films can be replenished through annealing in an alkali element atmosphere. By adjusting the molar ratio of Na and K in the annealing atmosphere, the ratio of Na/K in the resultant film varied, consequently suggesting the efficiency of this method on composition regulation of KNN films. Meanwhile, we also found that the physical characteristics of the films also underwent differences with the change of an annealing atmosphere. The films annealed in a high Na atmosphere exhibit large dielectric losses with limited piezoelectric vibration behavior, while annealing in a high K atmosphere reduces the dielectric losses and enhances the piezoelectric behavior. Furthermore, the results of vibration measurement demonstrated that the film annealed in a mixed powder of 25% Na2CO3 and 75% K2CO3 exhibits an optimal vibration displacement of ~400 pm under the sinusoidal excitation voltage of 8 V. This approach of altering the composition of KNN films through post-annealing may introduce the new concept of property design of KNN as well as other similar films.
HGSMDA: miRNA–Disease Association Prediction Based on HyperGCN and Sørensen-Dice Loss
Authors: Chang Zhenghua , Zhu Rong , Liu Jinxing , Shang Junliang , Dai Lingyun
Published: January 2024

Biological research has demonstrated the significance of identifying miRNA–disease associations in the context of disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. However, the utilization of experimental approaches involving biological subjects to infer these associations is both costly and inefficient. Consequently, there is a pressing need to devise novel approaches that offer enhanced accuracy and effectiveness. Presently, the predominant methods employed for predicting disease associations rely on Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) techniques. However, the Graph Convolutional Network algorithm, which is locally aggregated, solely incorporates information from the immediate neighboring nodes of a given node at each layer. Consequently, GCN cannot simultaneously aggregate information from multiple nodes. This constraint significantly impacts the predictive efficacy of the model. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel approach, based on HyperGCN and Sørensen-Dice loss (HGSMDA), for predicting associations between miRNAs and diseases. In the initial phase, we developed multiple networks to represent the similarity between miRNAs and diseases and employed GCNs to extract information from diverse perspectives. Subsequently, we draw into HyperGCN to construct a miRNA–disease heteromorphic hypergraph using hypernodes and train GCN on the graph to aggregate information. Finally, we utilized the Sørensen-Dice loss function to evaluate the degree of similarity between the predicted outcomes and the ground truth values, thereby enabling the prediction of associations between miRNAs and diseases. In order to assess the soundness of our methodology, an extensive series of experiments was conducted employing the Human MicroRNA Disease Database (HMDD v3.2) as the dataset. The experimental outcomes unequivocally indicate that HGSMDA exhibits remarkable efficacy when compared to alternative methodologies. Furthermore, the predictive capacity of HGSMDA was corroborated through a case study focused on colon cancer. These findings strongly imply that HGSMDA represents a dependable and valid framework, thereby offering a novel avenue for investigating the intricate association between miRNAs and diseases.
Histone Acyl Code in Precision Oncology: Mechanistic Insights from Dietary and Metabolic Factors
Authors: Neja Sultan , Dashwood Wan Mohaiza , Dashwood Roderick H. , Rajendran Praveen
Published: January 2024

Cancer etiology involves complex interactions between genetic and non-genetic factors, with epigenetic mechanisms serving as key regulators at multiple stages of pathogenesis. Poor dietary habits contribute to cancer predisposition by impacting DNA methylation patterns, non-coding RNA expression, and histone epigenetic landscapes. Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), including acyl marks, act as a molecular code and play a crucial role in translating changes in cellular metabolism into enduring patterns of gene expression. As cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to support rapid growth and proliferation, nuanced roles have emerged for dietary- and metabolism-derived histone acylation changes in cancer progression. Specific types and mechanisms of histone acylation, beyond the standard acetylation marks, shed light on how dietary metabolites reshape the gut microbiome, influencing the dynamics of histone acyl repertoires. Given the reversible nature of histone PTMs, the corresponding acyl readers, writers, and erasers are discussed in this review in the context of cancer prevention and treatment. The evolving ‘acyl code’ provides for improved biomarker assessment and clinical validation in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is Inversely Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Hospital-Based Matched Case–Control Study in Malaysia
Authors: Ulaganathan Vaidehi , Lye Munn Sann , Loh Su Peng , Yap Yoke Yeow , Kandiah Mirnalini , Augundhooa Digsha , Bhattacharya Tanima , Al-Olayan Ebtesam , Wang Chuanyi
Published: January 2024

Serum 25(OH)D deficiency consistently demonstrated molecular mechanisms through which chronic inflammation is associated with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to determine the association between serum 25(OH)D and NPC. A matched case–control study was conducted at two local hospitals. A total of 300 histologically confirmed NPC cases were matched with controls for age, gender, and ethnicity, and assessed for vitamin D status and other nutritional factors. Mean Vitamin D concentration was significantly lower among cases compared to controls (63.17 ± 19.15 nmol/L and 67.34 ± 23.06 nmol/L) (t = −2.41, p = 0.016). Multiple conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of serum 25(OH)D were associated with reduced odds of NPC (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.57–0.94, p = 0.016) controlling for confounders including BMI, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, consumption of food high in vitamin D, salted fish consumption, and family history of NPC. There was a significant association between inadequate serum 25(OH)D status with accumulation of four risk factors and increased odds of getting NPC using polynomial regression analysis. Increased NPC odds ratios were observed after sequential accumulation of additional risk factors with the presence of inadequate serum 25(OH)D status (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.27, 4.77, p = 0.322, OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.64, 1.72, p = 0.267, OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.73, 1.80, p = 0.067, OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.13, 3.31, p = 0.022, and OR = 5.55, 95% CI = 1.67, 10.3, p < 0.001 respectively). Future research in Malaysia should involve both prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials to confirm and further clarify the role of vitamin D in NPC outcomes.