bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Fetal Heart Using Fetal Heart Quantification (fetalHQ) Technique in an Indian Cohort
Authors: Sharma Shreyasi , Bennasar Mar , Yadav Manisha
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility of parameters used to determine cardiac morphometry and deformation using FetalHQ in Indian population.

Methodology

Two operators blinded to each other performed FetalHQ analysis independently on 35 normal fetuses of gestational age between 18 + 0 and 37 + 0 weeks and days. Intra‐ and interobserver correlation coefficient and limits of agreement were ascertained for parameters obtained from HQ analysis.

Results

Excellent reproducibility (ICC > 0.9) was observed for global morphometric parameters. Ejection fraction, stroke volume, stroke volume/kg demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC > 0.9), cardiac output, fractional area change showed a lower correlation (ICC < 0.8), and right and left ventricular global strain showed no correlation. Twenty‐four segment sphericity index of left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) showed low to moderate correlation (LV—ICC 0.48–0.79; RV—ICC 0.43–0.82). Fractional shortening (FS) showed poor intraobserver reliability in RV.

Conclusion

FetalHQ provides reliable estimates of the global cardiac morphometry but not for global cardiac strain. Regional transverse contractility represented by FS has poor correlation in right ventricle, especially in the apical region, possibly due to moderator band. Nevertheless, it is a promising tool which requires technical advancements and validation to improve its accuracy and reliability.
Advancing Anti‐Biofilm Strategies: Innovations to Combat Biofilm‐Related Challenges and Enhance Efficacy
Authors: Javanmard Zahra , Pourhajibagher Maryam , Bahador Abbas
Published: October 2024

Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that can cause significant challenges in various settings, including industrial processes, environmental systems, and human health. The protective nature of biofilms makes them resistant to traditional anti‐biofilm strategies, such as chemical agents, mechanical interventions, and surface modifications. To address the limitations of conventional anti‐biofilm methods, researchers have explored emerging strategies that encompass the use of natural compounds, nanotechnology‐based methods, quorum‐sensing inhibition, enzymatic degradation, and antimicrobial photodynamic/sonodynamic therapy. There is an increasing focus on combining multiple anti‐biofilm strategies to combat resistance and enhance effectiveness. Researchers are continuously investigating the mechanisms of biofilm formation and developing innovative approaches to overcome the limitations of conventional anti‐biofilm methods. These efforts aim to improve the management of biofilms and prevent infections while preserving the environment. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in anti‐biofilm strategies. Given the dynamic nature of this field, exploring new approaches is essential to stimulate further research and development initiatives. The effective management of biofilms is crucial for maintaining the health of industrial processes, environmental systems, and human populations.
Lamellar liquid crystals in commercial polyether‐modified polydimetilsiloxanes for coating applications: Structure, rheology and cross‐linking
Authors: Rokni Fatemeh Soleimani , Vilchez Susana , Rodríguez‐Abreu Carlos
Published: October 2024

We have constructed the phase diagrams in water of two commercial additives for coatings consisting of polyether‐modified polydimethylsiloxanes. These aqueous systems form a liquid crystal mesophase (LC) at copolymer concentrations higher than 60 wt%. At low copolymer concentrations, this LC coexists with a diluted aqueous phase. Small angle x‐ray scattering (SAXS) measurements and polarized optical microscope observations indicate that the structure of the mesophase is lamellar, with an interlayer spacing that increases linearly with the concentration of water in the system. The lamellar liquid crystals display temperature‐dependent viscoelastic behavior, with the copolymer with longer spacing showing a much lower elastic modulus. Since one of the copolymer has terminal acryl groups, its lamellar phase can be crosslinked to produce gelled liquid crystals. Other cross‐linked self‐assembled structures, such as bicontinuous microemulsions, are envisaged.
Rhizosphere microbial community assembly as influenced by reductive soil disinfestation to resist successive cropping obstacle
Authors: Qingshan Li , Ruizhe Yang , Lingying Xu , Yulong Peng , Qianyuan Duan , Xian Wu , Yue Luo , Yongbo Xu , Xingwang Wu , Mengqian Xu
Published: October 2024

Background

Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD), which involves creating anaerobic conditions and incorporating large amounts of organic materials into the soil, has been identified as a reliable strategy for reducing soilborne diseases in successive cropping systems. However, limited research exists on the connections between soil microorganism composition and plant diseases under various types of organic material applications. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of distinct RSD strategies (control without soil amendment; RSD with 1500 kg ha−1 molasses powder; RSD with 3000 kg ha−1 molasses powder; RSD with 3000 kg ha−1 molasses powder and 37.5–41.3 kg ha−1 microbial agent) on the plant disease index, bacterial community composition and network structure in rhizosphere soil.

Results

RSD treatments significantly reduced the occurrence of black shank disease in tobacco and increased soil bacterial diversity. High amounts of molasses powder in RSD treatments further enhanced disease inhibition and reduced fungal abundance and Shannon index. RSD also increased the relative abundance of bacterial phylum Firmicutes and fungal phylum Ascomycota, while decreasing the relative abundance of bacterial phyla Chloroflexi and Acidobacteriota and fungal phylum Basidiomycota in rhizosphere soil. A multiple regression model identified bacterial positive cohesion as the primary factor influencing the plant disease index, with a greater impact than bacterial negative cohesion and community stability. The competition among beneficial bacteria for creating a healthy rhizosphere environment is likely a key factor in the success of RSD in reducing plant disease risk.

Conclusion

RSD, especially with higher rates of molasses powder, is a viable strategy for controlling black shank disease in tobacco and promoting soil health by fostering beneficial microbial communities. This study provides guidelines for soil management and plant disease prevention. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The TDG Barometer: A Self‐Assessment Tool to Integrate Quality in the Measurement of Tourism Destination Governance
Authors: Bono i Gispert Octavi , Anton Clavé Salvador , Casadesús Fa Martí
Published: October 2024

Despite the significance of governance, few instruments are available to assess its practices in tourist destinations. This research endeavors to address that gap by proposing the tourist destination governance barometer (TDG barometer), a measurement tool that includes all governance dimensions. The objective is to provide destination authorities with a self‐assessment instrument that will enhance their understanding of governance practices and ultimately lead to improved management. The TDG barometer encompasses seven governance dimensions: participation, coherence, openness, effectiveness, responsibility, know‐how/quality, and simplicity. Comprising 31 attributes, the model is designed to be consistent, holistic, intensive, weighted, referable, comparable, and easy to apply. The final version of the TDG barometer has undergone rigorous evaluation by a panel of experts. It has been tested in a national organization evaluated with the EFQM excellence management model. Notably, the TDG barometer can be integrated with the EFQM model, enhancing its utility and effectiveness in destination management.
Unveiling the Aggressiveness of Cholesteatoma: Associating MERI with miRNA‐21 & IL‐6 Expression
Authors: M Karthikeyan , Mohan Vishudh , Purohit Purvi , Sharma Vidhu , Soni Kapil , Choudhury Bikram , Banerjee Mithu , Elhence Poonam , Goyal Amit
Published: October 2024

Background

Cholesteatoma, a destructive middle ear condition, poses challenges due to its variable clinical presentation and propensity for recurrence. Understanding its molecular underpinnings could enhance prognostication and guide therapeutic interventions. This study investigates the association between cholesteatoma aggressiveness, as assessed by the Middle Ear Risk Index (MERI), and the expression of miRNA‐21 and IL‐6 genes.

Methods

A cross‐sectional observational study involving 30 patients with cholesteatoma undergoing tympanomastoid exploration was conducted. MERI scores were calculated preoperatively, and cholesteatoma tissue was analyzed for miRNA‐21 and IL‐6 gene expression using RT‐PCR. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate MERI scores with gene expression levels.

Results

The majority (80%) of patients exhibited severe MERI scores, correlating with extensive middle ear pathology and necessitating canal wall‐down (CWD) mastoidectomy. Higher miRNA‐21 and IL‐6 gene expression levels were observed in cholesteatoma tissues, indicating local aggressiveness and inflammatory activity. Significant moderate correlations were found between MERI scores and miRNA‐21 (Pearson correlation = 0.579, p = 0.001) and IL‐6 gene expression (Pearson correlation = 0.388, p = 0.034). Patients with severe MERI scores had elevated miRNA‐21 and IL‐6 levels, suggesting a more aggressive disease phenotype.

Conclusion

MERI scores demonstrated utility in predicting cholesteatoma aggressiveness, with higher scores correlating with elevated miRNA‐21 and IL‐6 expression. These findings suggest a potential role for MERI in guiding surgical decision‐making and prognostication. Future research on targeted therapies based on molecular mechanisms holds promise for improving cholesteatoma management.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Grassland or Cropland? Land Use Dilemma and Ecological Solutions in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Liu Licheng , Hu Xintao , Li Lexin , Zhang Qian
Published: October 2024

Inner Mongolia plays a critical role in both ecological conservation and food provision in China. However, some researchers have argued that focusing on and improving only one side of the equation necessarily threatens the functionality of the opposite side. To address this problem, we compared a “business‐as‐usual” scenario (BAU) with a “sustainable land use planning” scenario (SLU) constructed by simulating spatiotemporal changes in croplands and grasslands in Inner Mongolia from 2020 to 2030. Additionally, we analyzed the changes in ecosystem services and protein supply associated with changes in land use. We found that, in the BAU scenario, grasslands would decrease by 1.85% over the simulation period, while croplands would increase by 9.94%, with ecosystem services decreasing under both land uses. In contrast, land use changes over the same period in the SLU scenario are more significant, with increases of 11.33% and 2.78% in grassland and cropland, respectively, but, in this case, with ecosystem services increasing under both land uses. Moreover, protein supply increased under both scenarios, but SLU scenario can provide 33% more protein than the BAU scenario. The interconversion of cropland and grassland is the main type of land conversion in the study region, while cropland, grassland, and bare land show a triangular cycle of conversion. In addition, the implementation of scenario planning can realize multiple dividend for cultivation, livestock, and ecology in Inner Mongolia.
Data‐driven prediction of prolonged air leak after video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer: Development and validation of machine‐learning‐based models using real‐world data through the ePath system
Authors: Tou Saori , Matsumoto Koutarou , Hashinokuchi Asato , Kinoshita Fumihiko , Nakaguma Hideki , Kozuma Yukio , Sugeta Rui , Nohara Yasunobu , Yamashita Takanori , Wakata Yoshifumi , Takenaka Tomoyoshi , Iwatani Kazunori , Soejima Hidehisa , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Nakashima Naoki , Kamouchi Masahiro
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The reliability of data‐driven predictions in real‐world scenarios remains uncertain. This study aimed to develop and validate a machine‐learning‐based model for predicting clinical outcomes using real‐world data from an electronic clinical pathway (ePath) system.

Methods

All available data were collected from patients with lung cancer who underwent video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery at two independent hospitals utilizing the ePath system. The primary clinical outcome of interest was prolonged air leak (PAL), defined as drainage removal more than 2 days post‐surgery. Data‐driven prediction models were developed in a cohort of 314 patients from a university hospital applying sparse linear regression models (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, ridge, and elastic net) and decision tree ensemble models (random forest and extreme gradient boosting). Model performance was then validated in a cohort of 154 patients from a tertiary hospital using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and calibration plots.

Results

To mitigate bias, variables with missing data related to PAL or those with high rates of missing data were excluded from the dataset. Fivefold cross‐validation indicated improved AUROCs when utilizing key variables, even post‐imputation of missing data. Dichotomizing continuous variables enhanced performance, particularly when fewer variables were employed in the decision tree ensemble models. Consequently, regression models incorporating seven key variables in complete case analysis demonstrated superior discriminatory ability for both internal (AUROCs: 0.77–0.84) and external cohorts (AUROCs: 0.75–0.84). These models exhibited satisfactory calibration in both cohorts.

Conclusions

The data‐driven prediction model implementing the ePath system exhibited adequate performance in predicting PAL post‐video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery, optimizing variables and considering population characteristics in a real‐world setting.
On the differential geometry of smooth ruled surfaces in 4‐space
Authors: Deolindo‐Silva Jorge Luiz
Published: October 2024

A smooth ruled surface in 4‐space has only parabolic points or inflection points of the real type. We show, by means of contact with transverse planes, that at a parabolic point, there exist two tangent directions determining two planes along which the parallel projection exhibits ‐singularities of type butterfly or worse. In particular, such parabolic points can be classified as butterfly hyperbolic, parabolic, or elliptic points depending on the value of the discriminant of a binary differential equation (BDE). Also, whenever such discriminant is positive, we ensure that the integral curves of these directions form a pair of foliations on the ruled surface. Moreover, the set of points that nullify the discriminant is a regular curve transverse to the regular curve formed by inflection points of the real type. Finally, using a particular projective transformation, we obtain a simple parametrization of the ruled surface such that the moduli of its 5‐jet identify a butterfly hyperbolic/parabolic/elliptic point, as well as we get the stable configurations of the solutions of BDE in the discriminant curve.
Different roles, different strokes: Disseminating e‐WOM in industrial Internet platform through multi‐actor value co‐creation
Authors: Liu Yue , Zhu Xiumei , Zhang Mengyao , Fu Jiaying , Yan Chaonan , Wang Yichuan , Zhai Yunkai
Published: October 2024

Prior research has primarily focused on electronic Word of Mouth (e‐WOM) in consumer markets, lacking in‐depth exploration of its dynamics within B2B contexts. Addressing this gap, our study investigates e‐WOM in B2B markets on industrial internet platforms. Specifically, we examine how digital platform capabilities can be leveraged to create positive e‐WOM through multi‐actor value co‐creation processes. Utilizing a case study approach, we analyze heterogeneous data from multiple sources to understand how digital platform capabilities—such as digital ecological capability, digital coordination capability, and digital innovation capability—promote multi‐actor value co‐creation (including intrapreneurship within the focal firm, support for complementary products or services, and users' reciprocal participation), thereby disseminating positive e‐WOM in B2B markets. Our findings provide insights into e‐WOM in B2B markets and reveal the mechanisms of multi‐actor value co‐creation through which digital platform capabilities activate e‐WOM. This study enriches the theoretical framework of e‐WOM in B2B contexts and underscores the significance of digital transformation in enhancing interaction and collaboration among multiple actors on industrial internet platforms.
Policies for Selecting the Advance Selling Mode in a Supply Chain Considering Network Externalities
Authors: Han Mei , Lyu Qi , Feng Guoliang
Published: October 2024

The marketing strategy of advance selling new products through e‐commerce channels is becoming increasingly popular among merchants and users. In advance selling on e‐commerce platforms, network externalities and the probability of consumer satisfaction with products are important factors affecting consumers' strategic behavior. This study considers network externalities and the probability of consumer satisfaction with products in the advance selling decision‐making problem in the supply chain. Using game theory and prospect theory, three scenario models—advance selling considering network externalities, advance selling without considering network externalities, and nonadvance selling—are designed to construct theoretical models for supply chain decision‐making. The optimal decision‐making problem of supply chain members is discussed. Furthermore, through a comparison of pricing, demand and profits, the impacts of advance selling with or without considering network externalities on the decisions of retailers and manufacturers are analyzed. By comparing the differences in decision‐making between manufacturers and retailers, the feasible area for advance selling under network externalities is obtained. Furthermore, through numerical experiments, the impacts of the strength of network externalities, and the probability of consumer satisfaction with products on the decision‐making of supply chains are analyzed.
Survey: Upcoming election generating negative MH impact
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2024

As Nov. 5 approaches, a new survey uncovering the mental health impacts of the forthcoming presidential election has found that stress and anxiety are on the rise and that the majority of respondents feel the upcoming election has somewhat negatively impacted their mental health.
Exploitation and catch and release of salmonids in Idaho high mountain lakes
Authors: Meyer Kevin A. , Chiaramonte Luciano V. , High Brett , Heckel John W. , Thiessen Joseph D. , Cassinelli John D. , Camacho Carlos A. , Messner Jordan S. , Lipple Brock A.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Historically, most high mountain lakes in western North America were devoid of fish, but during the past century, many have been stocked with salmonids to diversify angling opportunities. Basic information on harvest and catch and release (C–R) for high mountain lake fisheries is lacking, as is information on factors influencing catch in such settings; our objectives were to fill these knowledge gaps.

Methods

Using angling gear, we captured and implanted T-bar anchor tags into 1163 salmonids of various species (fish of wild origin or hatchery fish stocked as fry; they could not be distinguished) in 103 high mountain lakes scattered across Idaho. Angler-reported tag returns were used to estimate annual rates of exploitation and C–R, and a model selection approach was used to investigate factors influencing the angler catch of tagged fish.

Result

Anglers reported the catch of 125 tagged fish from 52 different lakes. The mean number of days at large for reported fish was 318 days, with a range of 1 to 1465 days. Annual exploitation was 5.8 ± 7.1% (mean ± 90% confidence interval), the annual C–R rate was 8.5 ± 8.5%, and total annual catch (i.e., exploitation plus C–R) was 14.2 ± 11.0%. Of the predictive factors that we investigated, the likelihood of a fish being caught by an angler was negatively associated with hiking distance and positively associated with shoreline development index and fish length.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that exploitation of salmonids in Idaho high mountain lakes is low even with liberal (six-fish daily bag limit) harvest regulations. Consequently, angler harvest is unlikely to be substantively affecting the abundance or size structure of salmonid populations in these lakes. Continued tagging would improve the precision of exploitation and C–R estimates, especially for comparisons among species.
A metaheuristic algorithm for large maximum weight independent set problems
Authors: Dong Yuanyuan , Goldberg Andrew V. , Noe Alexander , Parotsidis Nikos , Resende Mauricio G. C. , Spaen Quico
Published: October 2024

Motivated by a real‐world vehicle routing application, we consider the maximum‐weight independent set problem: given a node‐weighted graph, find a set of independent (mutually nonadjacent) nodes whose node‐weight sum is maximum. Some of the graphs airsing in this application are large, having hundreds of thousands of nodes and hundreds of millions of edges. To solve instances of this size, we develop a new local search algorithm, which is a metaheuristic in the greedy randomized adaptive search framework. This algorithm, which we call METAMIS, uses a wider range of simple local search operations than previously described in the literature. We introduce data structures that make these operations efficient. A new variant of path‐relinking is introduced to escape local optima and so is a new alternating augmenting‐path local search move that improves algorithm performance. We compare an implementation of our algorithm with a state‐of‐the‐art openly available code on public benchmark sets, including some large instances with hundreds of millions of vertices. Our algorithm is, in general, competitive and outperforms this openly available code on large vehicle routing instances. We hope that our results will lead to even better MWIS algorithms.
The Potential of Tele‐Ultrasound, Handheld and Self‐Operated Ultrasound in Pregnancy Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kariman Shariva S. , van den Heuvel Josephus F. M. , Adriaanse Bauke M. E. , Oepkes Dick , Bekker Mireille N.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To explore the use of tele‐ultrasound and handheld or self‐operated ultrasound in pregnancy.

Methods

A systematic search provided 31 studies. The risk of bias for each study was assessed. Results were analyzed and presented in a narrative overview in four domains: tele‐ultrasound, patient‐operated ultrasound, handheld devices and low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC).

Results

The quality of studies was generally low or fair based on the NIH Quality Assessment Tools. Fetal tele‐ultrasound services (11 studies) are feasible and especially helpful in rural areas or with increased centralization of specialist care. Three studies with patient‐operated ultrasound concluded its feasibility with good‐to‐high experiences. The use of handheld devices in pregnancy (eight studies) showed similar ultrasound results when compared to standard devices. In LMICs, innovative use of ultrasound (nine studies) can facilitate access to obstetric care performed by trained as well as unskilled caregivers combined with remote evaluation by an expert.

Conclusions

Innovations in ultrasound in pregnancy care have shown promising results for application. Although most studies demonstrated benefits for pregnant women or care providers, high‐level evidence is scarce. High‐quality studies on innovations are needed to assess medical outcomes, patient and provider experiences and costs.
Outpatient clinical care for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A survey of the BPD collaborative
Authors: Moore Paul E. , Hayden Lystra P. , Villafranco Natalie M. , Toprak Demet , Rice Jessica L. , Rhein Lawrence M. , Popova Antonia P. , McKinney Robin L. , Manimtim Winston M. , Levin Jonathan C. , Lai Khanh V. , Gage Susan C. , Bansal Manvi , Baker Christopher D. , Austin Eric D. , Agarwal Amit , McGrath‐Morrow Sharon A. , Collaco Joseph M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a sequela of preterm birth, is the most common chronic respiratory disorder in infancy, and the second most common in children. Despite this, clinical care remains highly variable with guidelines supported by limited evidence, and do not provide specific guidance for timing of clinical follow‐up, echocardiography, modalities of pulmonary function testing, etc.

Objective/methods

To further our understanding of care delivery for BPD, we sought to describe outpatient care patterns at tertiary care centers through survey data from 27 well‐established BPD programs.

Results

We observed variability in referral patterns to outpatient BPD clinics, ancillary services provided, indications for follow‐up echocardiograms, availability of lung function testing, and criteria for discharge from care.

Conclusion

More comprehensive and detailed clinical guidelines similar to other pulmonary diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis should be developed to help standardize care and may improve long term outcomes.
Based on Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and MM/PB(GB)SA to Study Potential Inhibitors of PRRSV‐Nsp4
Authors: Shi Tianyu , Chang Wenzhou , Wei Xinyu , Kong Yiling , Wei Ying
Published: October 2024

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most serious infectious immunosuppressive diseases in the world. The nonstructural protein Nsp4 can be used as an ideal target for anti‐PRRSV replication inhibitors. However, little is known about potential inhibitors that target Nsp4 to affect PRRSV replication. The purpose of this study was to screen potential natural inhibitors that affect PRRSV replication by inhibiting Nsp4. Five compounds with strong binding affinity to Nsp4 were selected by structure‐based molecular docking method. The complexes of naringin dihydrochalcone (NDC), agathisflavone (AGT), and amentoflavone (AMF) with Nsp4 were stable throughout the molecular dynamics simulation. According to MM/PBSA analysis, the free energies of binding of NDC, AGT, and AMF to Nsp4 were less than—30 Kcal/mol. In conclusion, these three compounds are worthy of further investigation as novel inhibitors of PRRSV. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of anti‐PRRSV natural drugs.
Classical and Bayesian inference of Cpc$\mathcal {C}_{pc}$ for Wilson–Hilferty distribution under progressively first‐failure type‐II censoring samples
Authors: Al‐Mosawi Riyadh R. , Dey Sanku
Published: October 2024

This study uses two frequentist approaches and the Bayesian method of estimation using progressively first‐failure type‐II censored data to estimate process capability index (PCI), , for the Wilson–Hilferty (WH) distribution. A competitive maximum product of spacing (MPS) method for estimation of is proposed in the frequentist method as an alternative to conventional likelihood (LK)‐based estimation. We have also taken into account the PS function in the Bayesian setup as an alternative to the conventional LK function, and both LK and PS‐based Bayesian estimates are given for . Further, the Bayes estimates are evaluated by applying Tierney–Kadane (TK) approximation method and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method with the help of both LK and PS functions and Jeffrey's prior. Additionally, the approximate confidence intervals based on the suggested frequentist techniques as well as the Bayes highest posterior density (HPD) credible intervals are built for the index . In addition, two bootstrap confidence intervals are obtained. In the simulation exercise, the performance of the Bayes and traditional estimates of is assessed in terms of their mean squared errors, and the average width and coverage probabilities of the CIs and HPD intervals are compared. An actual data set from the electronic industries is reanalyzed in order to show the efficacy of the proposed index and estimation methodology.
Benchmarking Quantum Computational Advantages on Supercomputers
Authors: Wu Junjie , Liu Yong
Published: October 2024

The achievement of quantum computational advantage, also known as quantum supremacy, is a major milestone at which a quantum computer can solve a problem significantly faster than the world's most powerful classical computers. Two tasks, boson sampling and random quantum circuit sampling, have experimentally exhibited quantum advantages on photonic and superconducting platforms respectively. Classical benchmarking is essential, yet challenging, because these tasks are intractable for classical computers. This study reviews models, algorithms and large‐scale simulations of these two sampling tasks. These approaches continue to hold substantial significance for research in both current noisy intermediate‐scale quantum (NISQ) systems and future fault‐tolerant quantum computing.
Maximum Entropy Methods for Quantum State Compatibility Problems
Authors: Hou Shi‐Yao , Wu Zipeng , Zeng Jinfeng , Cao Ningping , Cao Chenfeng , Li Youning , Zeng Bei
Published: October 2024

Inferring a quantum system from incomplete information is a common problem in many aspects of quantum information science and applications, where the principle of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) plays an important role. The quantum state compatibility problem asks whether there exists a density matrix compatible with some given measurement results. Such a compatibility problem can be naturally formulated as a semidefinite programming (SDP), which searches directly for the existence of a . However, for large system dimensions, it is hard to represent directly, since it requires too many parameters. In this work, MaxEnt is applied to solve various quantum state compatibility problems, including the quantum marginal problem. An immediate advantage of the MaxEnt method is that it only needs to represent via a relatively small number of parameters, which is exactly the number of the operators measured. Furthermore, in case of incompatible measurement results, the method will further return a witness that is a supporting hyperplane of the compatible set. The method has a clear geometric meaning and can be computed effectively with hybrid quantum‐classical algorithms.
A Natural History Study of Hindlimb Physiology and Histopathology in a Heterozygous OPMD Mouse Model
Authors: Amaya Jorge Miguel , van Zanen‐Gerhardt Sofie , Suidgeest Ernst , de Greef Jessica C. , van der Weerd Louise , Cameron Donnie , Coenen de Roo Christina J. J. , van Putten Maaike , Raz Vered
Published: October 2024

Background

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an adult‐onset autosomal dominant myopathy. OPMD is caused by a short alanine expansion in the gene encoding for poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) forming insoluble nuclear aggregates. OPMD patients are predominantly heterozygous, and the knock‐in Pabpn1+/A17 mouse, which expresses one copy of the expanded Pabpn1 gene under the PABPN1 promoter genetically, mimics OPMD. Insights into the A17/+ mouse model are necessary to evaluate its preclinical value and test therapeutics for OPMD. Here, we performed a natural disease history study for the A17/+ model.

Methods

We combined muscle force measurements of the tibialis anterior with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of the calf muscles made in 4‐, 8‐ and 12‐month‐old wild‐type and A17/+ mice. These measures were complemented by muscle histopathology staining and image quantification to detect PABPN1 aggregates and to assess muscle wasting. Statistical significance between genotypes over the three time points was assessed using ANOVA or Student's t test.

Results

PABPN1 nuclear aggregates were found in the 12‐month‐old A17/+ mice at similar quantities of ~2% across hindlimb muscles. We did not observe changes in muscle strength of the tibialis anterior in A17/+ mice. MRI analyses of hindlimb muscles revealed no metabolic difference, no fatty infiltration and limited muscle atrophy between A17/+ and +/+ mice. The plantaris muscle in A17/+ showed 30% atrophy at 12 months of age, which was corroborated by a 30% myofiber shift in the myosin heavy chain −2A to −2B ratio. Histopathologic staining did not reveal muscle wasting in the hindlimb muscles.

Conclusions

Despite the presence of PABPN1 insoluble aggregates in hindlimb muscles, muscle involvement in the 12‐month‐old A17/+ mice was limited. Our results query the usefulness of A17/+ hindlimb muscles for preclinical studies.
Predefined‐time impedance control of free‐flying flexible‐joint space robots for force sensor‐less target capturing with prescribed performance
Authors: Gu Xiutao , Liu Liaoxue , Wang Lu , Mao Jianheng , Guo Yu
Published: October 2024

Aiming at safely capturing faulty satellites on orbit, a novel predefined‐time impedance controller is designed to address the control challenges of free‐flying flexible‐joint space robots (FFSR) considering output constraint. The FFSR system model is transformed into a singularly perturbed form consisting of both fast and slow subsystems. For the slow subsystem, an adaptive predefined‐time sliding mode observer is developed to obtain the contact torque between the end‐effector and the target. To mitigate overshooting and enhance tracking precision, a predefined‐time prescribed performance function is proposed, and the output constraint issue is reformulated as a coordinate transformation problem involving the trajectory tracking errors. Based on these, a predefined‐time impedance controller is designed to achieve the compliant capture of the target. For the fast subsystem, a new non‐singular fixed‐time controller is proposed to rapidly overcome the vibration of the flexible joints. Stability analysis proves predefined‐time stability of the FFSR system and the tracking errors can be maintained within a predefined region. Finally, numerical simulations indicate the feasibility and validity of the presented control strategy.
Four‐Wheeled Mobile Robot With Flexible Posture Control
Authors: Lan Tianxiang , Yang Guotian
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a novel wheeled robot with adaptive suspensions to maintain a stable body posture when driving uneven roads. Each robot suspension is driven by a brushless geared motor, eliminating the traditional mechanical shock absorber. We design a virtual spring‐damping system using force control to solve the problem of uneven support and high‐frequency oscillation on four wheels. Subsequently, we incorporated a flexible posture control that uses the chassis posture as feedback and linearized the control to improve the dynamic response. Finally, the prototype is experimented on a simulated road and verified that the prototype and the proposed control algorithm can realize the expected requirements.
Leveraging Industry 4.0 technologies for sustainable value chains: Raising awareness on digital transformation and responsible operations management
Authors: Strazzullo Serena , Cricelli Livio , Troise Ciro , Camilleri Mark Anthony
Published: October 2024

Practitioners, policy makers as well as scholars are increasingly focusing their attention on the promotion of sustainable practices that reduce the businesses' impacts on the environment. In many cases, they are well aware that manufacturers and their suppliers are resorting to lean management processes and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies such as big data, internet of things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI), among others, to implement sustainable production models in their operational processes. This research utilizes an inductive approach to better understand how I4.0 technologies could result in increased organizational performance in terms of resource efficiencies, quality assurance as well as in environmentally sustainable outcomes, in the context of the automotive industry. The findings shed light on the relationship between I4.0 technologies, sustainable and lean practices of automakers of combustion engines, hybrid models and/or electric vehicles (EVs). In conclusion, this contribution puts forward an original conceptual framework that clearly explains how practitioners can avail themselves of disruptive technologies to foster continuous improvements in their value chain.
Earth‐Abundant CuWO4 as a Versatile Platform for Photoelectrochemical Valorization of Soluble Biomass Under Benign Conditions
Authors: Chuang Ping‐Chang , Lin Chin‐Yuan , Ye Si‐Ting , Lai Yi‐Hsuan
Published: October 2024

Here, a nanosheet‐structured CuWO4 (nanoCuWO4) is demonstrated as a selective and stable photoanode for biomass valorization in neutral and near‐neutral solutions. nanoCuWO4 can be readily prepared by a solid phase reaction using nanosheet‐structured WO3 as the template. Several substrates, including glucose, fructose and glycerol, are investigated to reveal the wide applicability of nanoCuWO4. The activity and product distribution trends in biomass valorization are investigated at different pH by taking advantage of the promising stability of nanoCuWO4 in a wide pH range. Product analyses confirm that formate production with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 76 ± 5% and glycolate production with an FE of 61 ± 8% can be achieved by glucose and fructose valorization at pH 10.2, respectively. On the other hand, glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone (DHA) are the main products in the glycerol valorization, accounting for an FE of over 85% at pH 7. Notably, nanoCuWO4 has the highest FE of DHA in photoelectrochemical (PEC) glycerol valorization compared to WO3 and BiVO4 at neutral pH. The oxidation routes and mechanism of glycerol valorization on nanoCuWO4 are also under investigation. The co‐production of H2 and value‐added chemicals is finally demonstrated using a photovoltaic cell connected to a nanoCuWO4‐based PEC glycerol valorization system.
Thermoelectric Materials and Devices for Advanced Biomedical Applications
Authors: Jia Shiyu , Ma Huangshui , Gao Shaojingya , Yang Lei , Sun Qiang
Published: October 2024

Thermoelectrics (TEs), enabling the direct conversion between heat and electrical energy, have demonstrated extensive application potential in biomedical fields. Herein, the mechanism of the TE effect, recent developments in TE materials, and the biocompatibility assessment of TE materials are provided. In addition to the fundamentals of TEs, a timely and comprehensive review of the recent progress of advanced TE materials and their applications is presented, including wearable power generation, personal thermal management, and biosensing. In addition, the new‐emerged medical applications of TE materials in wound healing, disease treatment, antimicrobial therapy, and anti‐cancer therapy are thoroughly reviewed. Finally, the main challenges and future possibilities are outlined for TEs in biomedical fields, as well as their material selection criteria for specific application scenarios. Together, these advancements can provide innovative insights into the development of TEs for broader applications in biomedical fields.
A Two‐Step Dry Etching Model for Non‐Uniform Etching Profile in Gate‐All‐Around Field‐Effect Transistor Manufacturing
Authors: Hu Ziyi , Li Junjie , Chen Rui , Shang Dashan , Wei Yayi , Wang Zhongrui , Li Ling , Filipovic Lado
Published: October 2024

The Gate‐All‐Around Field‐Effect Transistor (GAAFET) is proposed as a successor to Fin Field‐Effect Transistor (FinFET) technology to increase channel length and improve the device performance. The GAAFET features a complex multilayer structure, which complicates the manufacturing process. One of the most critical steps in GAAFET fabrication is the selective lateral etching of the SiGe layers, essential for forming the inner‐spacer. Industry commonly encounters a non‐uniform etching profile during this step. In this paper, a continuous two‐step dry etching model is proposed to investigate the mechanism behind the formation of the non‐uniform profiles. The model consists of four modules: anisotropic etching simulation, Ge atom diffusion simulation, Si/SiGe etch selectivity calculation and SiGe selective etching simulation. By calibrating and verifying this model with experimental data, the edge rounding and gradient etching rates along the sidewall surface are successfully simulated. Based on further examination of the influence of chamber pressure on the profile using this model, the inner‐spacer shape is improved experimentally by appropriately reducing the chamber pressure. This work aims to provide valuable insights for etching process recipes in advanced GAAFETs manufacturing.
Dislocation Evolution in Cyclic‐Loaded Cu Nanopillars with Different Configurations
Authors: Li Xiyao , Zhao Zhiyu , Zhang Zhenghao , Shao Xiaohong , An Xianghai , Wei Siyuan , Zhou Haofei , Song Kexing , Wang Jiangwei
Published: October 2024

Small‐sized metals generally exhibit unusual deformation responses subjected to cyclic loading, since their limited volume cannot effectively accommodate micro‐sized dislocation patterns typically found in their bulk counterparts. Here, the cyclic behaviors in Cu nanopillars with different configurations are investigated using in situ transmission electron microscopy fatigue test. Dislocation tangles formed in single‐ and twinned‐crystal nanopillars as a result of cycling‐induced operations of multiple slip systems and further unpinning and absorption of pinned dislocations. While, nanopillars configured with low‐angle grain boundary (LAGB) underwent the degradation and eventual decomposition of the LAGB due to the cycling‐induced emission of grain boundary dislocations, which resulted in high‐density mobile dislocations to withstand the cyclic loading. These findings contribute to a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the micro‐mechanics of dislocation‐related phenomena in the cyclic response of nanoscale metals.
Soft‐Rigid Construction of Mechanically Robust, Thermally Stable, and Self‐Healing Polyimine Networks with Strongly Recyclable Adhesion
Authors: Jia Zichen , Wang Haiyue , Yu Ping , He Hongfei , Huang Qirui , Hong Wei , Liu Cai , Shi Yanji , Wang Jue , Xin Yumeng , Jia Xuemeng , Ma Juanjuan , Yu Bin
Published: October 2024

Reversible and recyclable thermosets have garnered increasing attention for their smart functionality and sustainability. However, they still face challenges in balancing comprehensive performance and dynamic features. Herein, silicon (Si)─oxygen (O) and imidazole units covalent bonds are coupled to generate a new class of bio‐polyimines (Bio‐Si‐PABZs), to endow them with high performance and excellent reprocessing capability and acid‐degradability. By tailoring the molar content of diamines, this Bio‐Si‐PABZs displayed both a markedly high glass transition temperature (162 °C) and a high char yield at 800 °C in an oxygen atmosphere (73.1%). These Bio‐Si‐PABZs with their favorable properties outperformed various previously reported polyimines and competed effectively with commercial fossil‐based polycarbonate. Moreover, the scratch (≈10 µm) on the surface of samples can be self‐healing within only 2 min, and an effective “Bird Nest”‐to‐“Torch” recycling can also be achieved through free amines solution. Most importantly, a bio‐based siloxane adhesive derived from the intermediate Bio‐Si‐PABZ‐1 by acidic degradation demonstrated broad and robust adhesion in various substrates, with values reaching up to ≈3.5 MPa. For the first time, this study lays the scientific groundwork for designing robust and recyclable polyimine thermosets with Si─O and imidazole units, as well as converting plastic wastes into thermal‐reversibility and renewable adhesives.
A review on renewable energy: Conversion and utilization of biomass
Authors: Yang Xinping , Zhang Yongjia , Sun Peiliang , Peng Chong
Published: October 2024

The significant increase in demand for fuels and chemicals driven by global economic expansion has exacerbated concerns over fossil fuel consumption and environmental pollution. To achieve sustainable production of fuels and chemicals, biomass resources provide a rich repository for carbon‐neutral, green renewable energy, and organic carbon. This paper reviews the transformation and utilization of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives, emphasizing their valorization into high‐quality chemicals and biofuels. The advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment methods are discussed based on the composition of lignocellulose. Furthermore, the methods and pathways for the valorization and conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are detailed according to the unique functional groups of different lignocellulosic platform molecules. However, the complex and resilient structure of biomass presents challenges for the disassembly and utilization of single components, and achieving high yields and selectivity for target products remains difficult. In conclusion, this paper comprehensively reviews the various types and pretreatment technologies of lignocellulose, focusing on the methods and pathways for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives, thereby providing clear guidance and insights for optimizing lignocellulose utilization in the future.
Bayesian updating of relationships between crack width and corrosion level in reinforced concrete based on a large set of experimental data
Authors: Martens Constantijn , Botte Wouter , Caspeele Robby , Verstrynge Els
Published: October 2024

The evaluation of rebar corrosion in reinforced concrete (RC) structures presents a significant challenge for structural engineers, with on‐site visual inspections and crack width measurements playing a key role in the preliminary assessment. A general approach is to use corrosion models to predict the corrosion level of existing structures, and subsequently update these predictions by means of on‐site data. In this process, empirical models are often applied that relate the observed damage, such as corrosion‐induced cracks, to the corrosion level. However, these models have large uncertainties and are often not applicable to conditions that deviate from the test setups used to derive the empirical relations. This research aims to expand the applicability of these practical, existing empirical models for on‐site corrosion assessment through Bayesian updating techniques. To this aim, a Bayesian framework is developed to update crack width–corrosion models. The Bayesian updating methodology is illustrated for a simple regression model, and for a more complex relation that accounts for additional variables. A novel online database (KUL‐edCCRC) is used that is published accompanying this paper. The obtained results illustrate that the updated models have better agreement with the experimental results, and it is found that the confidence intervals of the regression parameters decrease for an increasing number of observations, even for a small number of additional datapoints. The results hence prove the efficiency of the approach to integrate information from new observations with prior information to adjust the crack width–corrosion model for specific conditions or cases, resulting in a more relevant model as more information becomes available.