bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on Early Weaning of Pigs
Authors: Carlo Ismael , Arcelay C. L.
Published: October 2020

Seventeen litters of pigs were divided into three groups and each group was weaned at a different age. Weaning ages were 21, 42, and 56 days. The pigs weaned at 21 days were started on a ration suited for small pigs; it consisted of about 20-percent crude protein 1 week before the weaning date. All the others were started on the same ration at 21 days. The feed consumption of each group was recorded. All of the pigs were weighed at 21, 42, and 56 days. The evaluation of each weaning method was based on these two characteristics. The results obtained indicated that there was a highly significant difference in favor of the pigs weaned at the customary 56-day age. They consumed less concentrate feed and weighed more at weaning time, favored, no doubt, by the additional milk obtained from theh dams. If weaning is to occur at all before 56 days, it apparently should occur at 21, rather than at 42 days. Since differences are not significant between these two groups, weaning at 21 days will save some time and extra labor.
A GENUS AND TWO SPECIES OF INSECTS NEW FOR PUERTO RICO
Authors: Medina Gaud Silverio
Published: October 2020

A GENUS AND TWO SPECIES OF INSECTS NEW FOR PUERTO RICO
A MOSAIC DISEASE OF COWPEA (VIGNA SINENSIS SAVI) IN PUERTO RICO
Authors: Adsuar José
Published: October 2020

A MOSAIC DISEASE OF COWPEA (VIGNA SINENSIS SAVI) IN PUERTO RICO
Physiological Studies of Enzymes Catalyzing the Synthesis and Hydrolysis of Sucrose, Starch, and Phosphorylated Hexose in Sugarcane
Authors: Alexander Alex G.
Published: October 2020

Four-month-old sugarcane plants were subjected to low levels of nitrate, potassium, and water in sand culture to induce variable sugar levels. Leaf samples were frozen for enzyme assay at intervals of 7 or 14 days following treatment. The objective was to study interrelationships cf enzymes responsible for the synthesis and hydrolysis of sucrose, starch, and glucose phosphate. Enzymes measured included sucrose phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, invertase, amylase, hexokinase, peroxidase, and the phosphatases hydrolyzing ß-glycerophosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, and ATP. A slight but generally consistent increase of sucrose was obtained by each of the three treatments. Sucrose phosphorylase and invertase were unaffected by any of the treatments, which placed the causes of sucrose changes upon systems less closely related to sucrose level. Phosphatases and amylase were generally suppressed by every treatment. Both the high and low extremes of sucrose content were followed, after 7 or 14 days, by starch-phosphorylase changes which were inversely related to the sucrose levels. Preliminary evidence suggests that starch phosphorylase fluctuated as a result, rather than as the cause, of sucrose changes. Availability of glucose- 1-phosphate seems to have been the key factor for both the sucrose-and starch-forming systems. Periods of high amylase activity were accompanied, or followed closely by concurrently high starch-phosphorylase activity. No starch was detected in either leaf or sheath extracts. The role of amylase in cane is discussed in detail, particularly as a means of preventing the loss of glucose from pathways of active metabolism, or from sucrose formation. Hexokinase varied independently of sucrose level. The enzyme was particularly active among low-potassium plants at the periods when glucose was abnormally high.
Hydrolytic Proteins of Sugarcane: The Acid Phosphatases
Authors: Alexander Alex G.
Published: October 2020

Acid phosphatases which readily hydrolyzed components of the adenylic acid system and phosphate monoesters were precipitated from cane-leaf extracts between 48- and 58-percent saturation with ammonium sulfate. The two general types were distinguished by their response to variable pH, substrate concentration, temperature, and inhibitors. ATP and ß-glycerophosphate were employed as representative substrates for the two groups. Both types of phosphatase were stimulated by arsenate. The ß-glycerophosphate reaction was inhibited by boron, zinc, manganese, bromide, copper, molybdenum, and tungsten. Molybdenum and tungsten also inhibited the ATP reaction. None of the inhibitors was effective in the presence of 10 µmoles per milliliter of arsenate. Copper appeared to serve as an activator in the presence of arsenate. Molybdenum and tungsten acted as competitive inhibitors of phosphatase. Molybdenum severely inhibited the ß-glycerophosphate reaction at 0.001 µmole per milliliter of digest, whereas 50 to 70 µmoles caused much of the activity to return. Both molybdenum and tungsten caused significant inhibition at concentrations as low as 0.0001 µmole per milliliter of digest. Tungsten was more effective than molybdenum against the ß-glycerophosphate reaction, causing significant suppression at concentrations 1/6 to 1/10 of the molybdenum levels needed for a comparable inhibition. Dialysis against distilled water had no appreciable effect on the phosphatase preparation. Meristem tissue was the best source of phosphatase, both in terms of specific activity and total phosphatase product. The possible mode of action of the inhibitor-activator relationships, and the significance of acid phosphatases in cane, is briefly discussed.
Removal of Stone Cells From Guava Nectar
Authors: Sánchez Nieva F. , Rodríguez A. J. , González M. A.
Published: October 2020

Several methods have been investigated for reducing the grittiness of guava nectar caused by the presence of stone cells. Of the several methods tried, which included nitration, centrifugation, cyclone separation, and particle-size reduction using a colloid mill and a stone mill, centrifugation and treatment in the stone mill proved to be the best. When the nectars are centrifuged in a solid-basket centrifugal, the grittiness was completely eliminated, since the stone cells responsible for this grittiness are separated during the process. Nectars of similar quality were prepared by size reduction of the stone-cell particles in a stone or mustard mill. A comparison of both methods showed that higher yields of nectar are obtained when the stone mill is used to disintegrate the stone cell, but some discoloration results when pink-colored fruit is treated thus. Treatment in the stone mill also results in a higher loss of vitamin C when compared to the loss that results when the nectars are centrifuged.
Nature of the Vitamin A Activity of Annatto Seed (Bixa orellana L.)
Authors: Santamaría Leonardo , Martínez María L. , Asenjo Conrado F.
Published: October 2020

The high vitamin A activity of the petroleum ether extract of the annatto seed has been confirmed. It ranges from 1,000 to 2,000 international units of vitamin A per gram of extract. It was found that a standard mixture of 3-percent acetone in petroleum ether did not remove any vitamin A-active material from a magnesium oxide-hyflo supercel column, on which a petroleum ether extract of annatto had been chromatographed. The only solvent among those tried, that effectively removed the material which was left absorbed on the column after elution with acetone-petroleum ether was methanol. The methanol extract exhibited a biological activity of about the same order of magnitude as the original petroleum ether extract, that is, 1,000 to 2,000 international units of vitamin A.
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR REDUCING COFFEE-DRYING COSTS
Authors: Phillips Allan L.
Published: October 2020

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR REDUCING COFFEE-DRYING COSTS
Comparison of Simple vs. Complex Concentrate Mixtures for Dairy Cattle in Puerto Rico: Feeding Heifers in Dry Lot
Authors: Randel Paul F.
Published: October 2020

Twelve heifers, including ten Holstein and two Brown Swiss were divided into four groups of three heifers each. Two of the groups, in which the heifers averaged 207 days of age at the start, were assigned to a ration containing a simple concentrate mixture while the other two groups, in which the heifers averaged 202 days of age at the start, were assigned to a ration containing a complex concentrate mixture for a continuous feeding trial, which involved 4 weeks of adjustment and 40 weeks of comparison period. Each group was fed daily 6 pounds per head of its respective concentrate mixture plus 2 pounds per head of green forage and an allowance of sorghum silage which increased gradually up to 28 pounds per head. Sixteen-hour shrunk-weights of heifers were obtained every fourth week. The average daily live-weight gains over the entire comparison period for heifers consuming the simple and complex concentrate mixtures were 1.11 and 1.02 pounds, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant. The average pounds of dry-matter intake required per pound of live-weight gain was significantly (P < 0.05) less for heifers consuming the simple than for those consuming the complex-concentrate mixture (10.68 vs. 11.95 pounds). The feed costs per pound of live-weight gain in heifers consuming the simple and complex concentrate mixtures were estimated as $0.38 and $0.44 respectively. It is concluded that simple concentrate mixtures which are entirely equal nutritionally to more complex mixtures for growing heifers can be prepared at the farm from purchased ingredients at a saving in cost.
Comparison of Giant Pangola, Signal Grass, and Common Pangola as Pasture Crops in the Mountain Region of Puerto Rico
Authors: Rivera-Brenes L. , Rodríguez-Carbera A. , Cestero H.
Published: October 2020

Signal grass (Brachiaria brizantha) and Giant Pangola (Digitaria valida) were submitted to a grazing trial to evaluate them as grazing grasses, as compared with Common Pangola (Digitaria decumbens). The test was carried on for 613 consecutive days in the Mountainous Region of Puerto Rico. A randomized block design was used with four replications of each treatment. Two groups of heifers of the Holstein breed from 10 to 12 months old were used. The first group was used from March to December 1964, and the second from December 1964 to December 1965. No significant difference was found between Signal grass and Common Pangola in TDN yield per acre and carrying capacity; both were significantly superior to Giant Pangola. Signal grass is recommended favorably as a grass that can be substituted for Common Pangola in Puerto Rico, and also for Guinea grass. Giant Pangola is not recommended, although it equals the other two in nutritive value. The reasons for this are discussed in the text.
Nucleotides of Sugarcane: Increased Nucleotide Content of Leaves as a Function of Nutritional Stress
Authors: Alexander Alex G.
Published: October 2020

Nucleotide analyses were conducted with sugarcane subjected to decreasing levels of nitrate, phophorus, potassium, and calcium over a period of 16 weeks in sand culture. In each instance of nutritional stress, abnormally high levels of sucrose appeared in leaf tissues. This study was motivated by the theory that abnormal nutritional status might induce added nucleotide synthesis, with the concurrent formation of sucrose precursors. Lyophilized leaf samples were extracted with trichloroacetic acid, and nucleotide preparations were analyzed by anion exchange plus paper chromatography. Total nucleotide content was higher in each of the near deficient plant sources as compared with those receiving adequate nutrient supply. Nucleotide increase was greatest among low-calcium and low-nitrate treatments, and least increase was found in low-potassium samples. Increased nucleotides of low nitrate and phosphorus samples were removed from anion-exchange resins by pH 2.9 formic acid-sodium formate elution. Low-Ca induced nucleotides were retained at pH 2.9, but were removed from resin columns by 6 N formic acid. Nucleotide preparations from nitrate- and phosphorus-treated plants contained high levels of reducing sugar, inorganic phosphorus, and organic phosphorus. More than fivefold increases of organic phosphorus were obtained in both treatments. Low-potassium and low-calcium treatments induced high sucrose without accumulating high organic phosphorus. The nucleosides adenosine and cytidine were present in all samples. Guanosine was found in nitrate-, phosphorus-, and potassium-deficient plants only. The possibility is discussed that an azaguaninelike endogenous antimetabolite is formed as a consequence of nutritional stress, accounting in part for growth retardation and abnormally high nucleotide content.
Variation in Chemical Composition of Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) as Affected by Position in the Terminals
Authors: Rodríguez Saulo J.
Published: October 2020

Leaf samples taken from fruiting and nonfruiting terminals of guava trees (Psidium guajava L.) were analyzed chemically to observe the variation in chemical composition as affected by position in the terminals. Phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen decreased definitely with age while calcium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, and aluminum increased with age. The other nut rients determined were somewhat variable, but boron tended to decrease at the beginning with an increase in the middle positions. Not too much difference was observed between fruiting and nonfruiting terminals. Chemical compositions tended to level off between the fourth and seventh positions in the terminals.
Título en español.
Authors: Niilo Virkki  , Caridad M. Purcell
Published: October 2020

Se indujo un notable mejoramiento en la inflorescencia de 11 accesiones de Digitaria valida Stent, prolongándose el fotoperíodo a 16 horas diarias aproximadamente. Dos de las accesiones, dcsignadas como 1950C y 1953A, registraron el mayor mejoramiento en el proceso reproductivo bajo estas condiciones. Ambas accesiones produjeron alguna semilla viable, y a pesar de que no germinaron bien se obtuvo progenie de ambas. Ambas progenies produjeron formas aberrantes del tipo materno. Es obvio que hubo una recombinación genética, aunque no se sabe con certeza si esta se debió a cruzamiento o a automixis. Estudios citológicos revelan un alto porcentaje de polen teñible y una meiosis regular en CMP del material paterno. La accesión 1950C posee cromosomas adicionales, aparentemente accesorios, con pocos efectos genéticos. Un análisis del desarrollo del saco embriónico reveló que el saco era normal en cerca de la mitad de los casos y que hubo una supresión del saco apomíctico en otros. Se concluye que las accesiones 1950C y 1953A pueden usarse en experimentos de cruzamiento.
Título en español.
Authors: E. Hernández Medina  , M. A. Lugo López
Published: October 2020

Se informan aquí los datos obtenidos de dos cxperimentos con la variedad de guineo Gros Michel sembrados en arena y en invernadero. En un experimento se variaron las concentraciones de nitrato, fosfatos y sulfatos, mientras que los cationes se mantuvieron constantes. En otro, se variaron las concentraciones de potasio, calcio y magnesio y se mantuvieron los aniones constantes. Cuando las plantas tenían 6 meses, se tomó un récord de su altura, diámetro del tallo, número de hojas y largo y ancho de la segunda hoja superior. Se evaluó, además, la apariencia general de las plantas. Los datos revelaron que a un nivel dado de nitratos el metabolismo de la planta es más normal cuando se reduce la concentración de fosfatos, y que los altos niveles de potasio favorecen un mejor desarrollo de la planta. Los datos también sugieren un mayor antagonismo fisiológico entre el calcio y el potasio que entre el magnesio y el potasio.
Parametric Seismic Study of Steel-Concrete Composite Frames
Authors: Syed Kaleem Afrough Zaidi, Shobharam and Imran
Published: October 2020

In India mostly multi story buildings are constructed with reinforced concrete,steel and recently the trend of
construction is going toward composite structure which has beenstarted is in growing stage.Therefore the
main aim of this research is to the parametric study on reinforced concrete, steel and steel- concrete
composite frames.A 3D (G+9) stories building is situated in seismic zone IV and designed for same gravity
loads. The reinforced beam and column were design according to the IS: 456-2000 and the composite fill
sections were design according American standard AISC: 360-10.Further the beam and column sections
were made by reinforced concrete, steel and steel-concrete composite. The reinforced concrete slab of uniform
thickness was considering for all type of frames. Load combination is assigned according to IS: 1893-2002.
The entire frame were modeled and analyzed by response spectrum method using E-tabs software
2015.Finally the results were obtained and compared in a parametric study .This study concludes that
composite frame show better performance compared to reinforced concrete and steel frames.
Undermining Rights: Indigenous Lands and Mining in the Amazon
Authors: Quijano Vallejos Patricia , Veit Peter , Tipula Pedro , Reytar Katie
Published: October 2020

With gold prices skyrocketing and demand for other minerals on the rise, mining poses a growing threat to communities and ecosystems around the world. Conducting geospatial analysis of the Amazon biogeographic region, this report estimates, for the first time, the full extent of legal, large-scale mining concessions and illegal mining operations on Indigenous territories within the rainforest. It finds that, together, legal and illegal mining now cover more than 20% of Indigenous lands, endangering hundreds of Indigenous communities and critical ecosystems across 450,000 square kilometers. Mining, the study also shows, is polluting at least 30 Amazonian rivers and eroding communities’ proven ability to prevent deforestation. From 2000 to 2015, Indigenous lands with mining activities had higher incidences of tree cover loss than those without mining. In Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru, for example, forest loss was at least three times higher in Indigenous territories with mining operations – both legal and illegal – than those without; and one to two times higher in Colombia and Venezuela. Yet national laws often favor companies over Indigenous communities, the study’s comprehensive legal assessment of six Amazonian countries, including Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru, reveals. Although these countries all grant important legal protections to communities, these land rights are insufficient and leave most Indigenous Peoples vulnerable to mining. Government oversight of mining activities across Indigenous lands, enforcement of existing legal protections and compliance with international environmental and social safeguards also remain weak in practice, creating tensions between Indigenous communities and miners that often escalate into violent conflict. Protecting Indigenous lands, including the sustainable development and environmental benefits they generate, will require a radical shift in governments’ and companies’ approaches to mining. Amazonian countries should strengthen Indigenous Peoples’ land and natural resource rights; establish and enforce social and environmental safeguards aligned with international standards; more consistently monitor mining operations across Indigenous lands; and step up efforts to identify and prosecute those who facilitate illegal mining practices. Companies, the report recommends, should comply with these stricter safeguards as well as invest in ecological restoration and reforestation of old mining sites.
Building Coastal Resilience in Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Colombia: Country Experiences with Mainstreaming Climate Adaptation
Authors: Tye Stefanie , Waslander Jacob , Chaudhury Moushumi
Published: October 2020

More severe flooding and erosion, more intense storms, rising seas, increased salinization, and higher storm surges are some of the new realities around the world that make coastal areas particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. This paper examines case studies from three regions— Bangladesh, Malabon City (Philippines) and Cartegana (Colombia) —that are making progress on integrating climate adaptation into planning and implementing on-the-ground actions to build coastal resilience. The paper identifies a common set of factors that have contributed to these successes: having political will and champions to lead the process of mainstreaming adaptation and disaster risk reduction into policies and legislation; having access to credible climate information to inform resilience plans; coordinating across diverse stakeholders who form robust alliances; and allocating domestic funds combined with international funding. The enabling factors and challenges shared by these locations can serve as models and inspiration to other countries that are grappling with similar issues as they work to narrow the “implementation gap” between planning and action.
Políticas públicas para o atendimento educacional especializado em Fortaleza durante a pandemia
Authors: Ozório Francisca Janaina Dantas Galvão , Cavalcante Petrônio , Muniz Querem Hapuque Monteiro , Gomes Robéria Vieira Barreto , Paim Igor De Moraes
Published: October 2020

Atualmente, a população mundial vivencia um momento ímpar na história da humanidade, em virtude dos impactos causados pela pandemia da COVID-19. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar, de forma reflexiva, as orientações elaboradas pela SME para a oferta do AEE em tempo de distanciamento social, em virtude da pandemia. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, de natureza descritiva, que contemplou pesquisas, artigos da literatura vigente acerca das políticas públicas que norteiam o AEE e uma análise documental, fazendo parte desse apanhado teórico algumas leis, portarias, orientações e regulamentos. Os resultados evidenciaram que as recentes orientações disponibilizadas pela SME/Fortaleza e pelo CNE, elaboradas em virtude da pandemia, não contemplam na totalidade as necessidades dos alunos da Educação Especial, ou seja, não são suficientes para melhorar as condições do processo de aprendizagem dos alunos do AEE no que se refere à oferta de uma educação inclusiva.

Palavras-chave: Políticas Públicas. Atendimento Educacional Especializado. COVID-19.
O estágio supervisionado de alunos com deficiência em uma perspectiva inclusiva
Authors: Santos Cicera Maria Mamede , Leite Ana Paula De Oliveira Ribeiro , Silva Fabrícia Gomes da , Malta Juliana Oliveira de , Araújo Lídia Karla Rodrigues , Lima Maria Socorro Lucena
Published: October 2020

As políticas do ensino superior para a formação de professores que lecionam e acompanham o estágio supervisionado ainda são incipientes e ineficazes quando se percebe a dificuldade de inserção do Público Alvo da Educação Especial (PAEE). Este estudo teve como objetivo discutir sobre as relações que permeiam a prática do estágio supervisionado com estagiários que possuem deficiência. O caminho metodológico percorrido se deu através da pesquisa bibliográfica, com base notadamente em autores como Pimenta e Lima (2017), Candau (2014) e Bego (2016). Os resultados indicaram a necessidade de uma revisão dos instrumentos de gestão para o atendimento ao PAEE e que os professores orientadores encontrem no PEI (Plano Educacional Individualizado) uma ferramenta a serviço de uma prática inclusiva. Conclui-se que assim procedendo pode-se chegar a novas configurações e percepções que ampliem a participação e acolhimento da pessoa com deficiência no campo de estágio.
Üretim İşletmelerinin Maliyet ve Yönetim Muhasebesi Bilgi Düzeyinin Ölçülmesi: Ankara Sanayi Odası 1. Organize Sanayi Bölgesindeki Üretim İşletmeleri Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma
Authors: COŞKUN Aykan , ŞEN Ogün
Published: October 2020

Etkin muhasebe uygulamaları; işletmelerin karlılığının artırılması, maliyetlerinin azaltılması, yenileme yatırımları ve verimliliğinin artırılması açısından çok önemli bir konumdadır. Özellikle Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ve büyüme potansiyeline sahip ülkelerde maliyet ve yönetim muhasebesi uygulamalarının önemi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, üretim işletmelerinin maliyet ve yönetim muhasebesi bilgi düzeylerini ölçmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Ankara Sanayi Odası 1. Organize Sanayi Bölgesi yönetim kurulundan anket için kurum izni alınmıştır. Çalışma için hazırlanan www.maliyetveyonetimmuhasebesi.com internet sayfasından anketi yanıtlayan Ankara Sanayi Odası 1.Organize Sanayi Bölgesindeki 144 üretim işletmesinin verileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada maliyet ve yönetim muhasebesi bilgi düzeyi ortalamaları ile üretim işletmelerinin faaliyet süreleri arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmıştır. Üretim işletmelerinin faaliyet süresi arttıkça maliyet ve yönetim muhasebesi bilgi düzeylerinin arttığı görülmüştür. Bu nedenle faaliyetlerine yeni başlayan üretim işletmelerine maliyet ve yönetim muhasebesi eğitimi verilmesi üretim işletmelerine ve diğer paydaşlara katkı sağlayacaktır.
Exchange Rate Determination: The Portfolio-Balance Approach
Authors: Kallianiotis Ioannis N.
Published: October 2020

The portfolio-balance approach to exchange rate determination is part of the Asset
Market Models and is largely attributed to economists after 1973 when the exchange
rate became flexible (market determined). This article first introduces the setting of
the model embedded in the portfolio balance approach that encompasses two assets
(money and bonds), which deviates a little from the models and approaches used
for the monetary approach to the balance of payment, the overshooting model, and
from the associated market equilibria. The effects of monetary policy, of current
account, and of wealth under the portfolio-balance approach are examined, here,
theoretically and empirically. The current econometric results show that the
exchange rate is determined by the foreign bonds, the domestic interest rate, and the
foreign interest rate.

JEL classification numbers: F31, F47, E52, E41, C52, E21, E43.

Keywords: Foreign Exchange, Forecasting and Simulation, Monetary Policy,
Demand for Money, Model Evaluation and Testing, Consumption and Saving,
Interest Rates.
The Internationalization-Performance Relationship of Small-and-Medium-sized Enterprises: The Case of Taiwan’s ESCO Industry
Authors: Yeh Li-Jen , Hu Jia-Ying , Chen Zongyi
Published: October 2020

We analyze the international output patterns with Taiwan’s energy service companies (ESCOs) investigated in 2016~2019. Due to the finite demand in Taiwan energy-saving market, half of Taiwanese ESCOs develop Asia Pacific markets with international trade, alliance and enterprises group. We derive and confirm some hypotheses about international developing patterns of Taiwanese ESCOs.
The First is that those firms with more specific resources will be easier to promote the internationalization of energy-saving businesses. The specific resources are confirmed as firm capital, annual ESCO sales, net income ratio, annual growth rate, energy saving rate. Secondly, if the degree of internationalization of ESCOs is greater, the overall profitability is also relatively higher. The third, the relationship between internationalization and profitability of ESCOs displays a non-linear trend which means when the export ratio is low, the profit from energy service projects increases; however, when the ratio exceeds the optimal point, about 49.584%~54.323%, it will reveals a reversed phenomenon due to high overseas operation costs.
Immunohistochemical expression of MUC4 in different grades of Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Naila Umer  , Nadia Naseem  , Saima Chaudhry
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To determine immunohistochemical expression of Mucin 4 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its different histological grades among patients reporting to various tertiary care hospitals in an urban setting.

Method: The descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Oral Pathology / Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, from January to July 2017, and comprised cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Histological diagnosis and grading was done for each case. Haematoxylin and eosin stain followed by immunohistochemistry was done. Relation of Mucin 4 expression with tumour types was explored. SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis.

Result: Of the 63 samples, 40(63.5%) were from male patients. The overall mean age of the patients was 53±3.77 years. Mucin 4 expression was positive in 47(74.6%) cases. Of them, 16(34%) had grade 1 tumour, 28(59.6%) had grade 2 and 3(6.4%) had grade 3 tumour. tumourThere was a significant relation (p=0.03) between tumour grades and intensity of Mucin 4 expression. tumour

Conclusion: Upregulation of Mucin 4in tumour tissue with no expression in normal epithelium was found, and loss of Mucin 4 expression with increase in tumour grade was noted.

Key Words: Mucin 4, MUC4, Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, HNSCC, Immunohistochemistry

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Attitudes and practice of surgeons in reporting medical errors at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Zayed Rashid  , Hashim Talat Khan  , Fakeha Rehman  , Saeed Ahmad  , Shahida Niazi  , Muhammad Zeeshan Sarwar
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Medical error reporting is essential in creating a culture of accountability in our healthcare system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of reporting errors by surgeons in our setup and to analyse the factors resulting in under-reporting of medical errors. A total of 96 practicing surgeons at Mayo Hospital, Lahore were surveyed between the months of February, 2018 to June 2018 on their beliefs regarding the reporting of medical errors by means of a specifically designed questionnaire. This study revealed that 71 (74%) respondents had committed a medical error but only 16 (16.6%) of them reported those errors. Major factors in under-reporting of errors included work stress and fear of medico-legal consequences due to disclosure of error. Eighty-four (87.5%) believed that increase in reporting medical errors would contribute to a better system.

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Association of musculoskeletal discomfort with the use of high heeled shoes in females
Authors: Wardah Hussain Malick  , Hifsa Khalid  , Zoya Mehmood  , Hamid Hussain
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To determine the association of musculoskeletal discomfort with the high heeled shoes related variables in females who use such footwear frequently.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 174 female residents of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, for a time period stretching from July 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. The participants aged between 18 and 55 years appeared as the frequent users of high heeled shoes. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) were used as outcome measures to assess the musculoskeletal discomfort and a self-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information related to the high heeled shoes e.g. duration and frequency of high heeled shoe use. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results: The data analysis showed a positive association of shoulders’ discomfort with length of high heeled shoes used by women (p value= 0.03<0.05). Moreover, a positive association was also found between an occurrence of upper back discomfort and length of the heeled shoes (p value= 0.01<0.05). However, no significant association was found between pain intensity and length of the shoe’ heel, frequency and duration of high heeled shoe use.

Conclusion: The shoulders’ and upper back discomfort in females who frequently used high heeled shoes was determined to be associated with the length of the heels in shoes.

Keywords: Female, Heel, Musculoskeletal System, Pain, Shoes.

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Design and health: an interdisciplinary baseline experience of product design for health needs of the Chilean elderly
Authors: Juan Carlos Briede Westermeyer  , Cristhian Perez Villalobos  , Pablo Olivera Morales  , Rocio Glaria Lopez  , Carolina Bustamanete Duran
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: Describing the results of a User-Centered Design workshop using Challenge Based Learning or CBL, where students from Chilean industrial design and health degrees, developed solutions to resolve health problems among the elderly.

Method: It was a pre-experimental study; 45 university students took part in a workshop: 39 from Industrial Design, 3 from Speech Therapy, 2 from Medical Technology and 1 from Medicine. In this workshop, the students, using CBL in disciplinary heterogeneous groups, faced a 3-week challenge to develop products to overcome a health problem for an elderly person. Once the product was presented, the professors and students assessed the conceptual proposals, using a semantic differential. The students also evaluated the workshop with a perception survey.

Results: Both the students and professors positively evaluated the usefulness and functionality of the conceptual proposals; although, the industrial design students were more critical about these aspects. The originality of proposals evaluated was the worst. Regarding the workshop, all students (100%) felt that instructions were clear as were the three moments of design, with problem definition stage best evaluated.

Conclusions: The CBL is shown to be an educational tool that allows training professionals in product design and in developing health technology that is suitable for the users' needs. Regarding the process, heterogeneous make-up of the groups and clear external guide appear as essential for CBL to work well.

Keywords: challenge-based learning, elderly, interdisciplinary, higher education.

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Outcome of Minigrafting In Stable Vitiligo: An Insight from Libya
Authors: Musbah Fauzia
Published: October 2020

Background and aims. Autologus with punch minigrafting has been suggested as an alternative surgical method for treating stable vitiligo in refractory patients to induce regimentation. The current study was conducted to evaluate the long-term results of surgical punch minigrafting in patients with resistant vitiligo vulgaris, segmental and focal vitiligo. Methods: Case series prospective exploratory study design was performed in Tripoli central hospital (TCH) and private clinic among patient with confirmed vitiligo vulgaris, segmental and focal vitiligo, during the period from 2009 -2019. Data were presented as descriptive statistics using SPSS version 22. Chi-square test was used to test the significance of data with the level of 0.05 considered as significant level. Results: A total of 28 patients presented with vitiligo, of them 26 (92.9%) were females and 2 (7.1%) were males, with age ranging from 11-46 years old. The re-pigmentation of vitiligo was (53.6%) vulgaris, (28.6%) segmental, and (17.9%) focal vitiligo, with stable disease that did not have any new lesions at least 12 months with the disease ranging from one year (7.2%) and up to 30 years. The main instruments used with these cases were; skin punch size between 2mm (28.6%), 2.5mm (32.1%), and 4 to 6mm (10.7 %). The donor sites where selected to match the recipient sites either behind ear 39.3%, thighs 43%, while 3.6% were not previously affected by the disease. Conclusion. It has been suggested that mini grafting is a proper treatment option for treating patients with stable vitiligo, by using a small size punch, that is less than 2mm.
THE EFFORTS TO IMPROVE READING SKILL ON SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXT APPLIED WORD STRESS LEARNING
Authors: Zulpan Zulpan , Tobroni Imam , Hastinah Akhir
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study is to improve the students' words stressing on reading short functional text. This research method is classroom action research using two cycles, it have three stages are planning, orientation, implementation. The first cycle, discussion and reflection at the end of the later action until planning the correction phase in the second cycle. The research subjects were in the class of 33 students of class VIII-D of SMP Negeri 2 Purwokerto. Data collection in this study is observation, which is an observation sheet to see how far the action has been achieved in the students' words stressing when reading short functional text. The results of the research in the first cycle were 3 students in the poor category, 18 students in the medium category and 12 students in the good category in words stressing on reading short functional text. The results of the second cycle of 22 students well-skilled and 11 students medium-skilled in reading on words stressing, and there were no more students who were less-skilled at reading short functional text on word stress. It can be concluded that there is an increase in word stress skills when reading short functional text from the first cycle to the second cycle in action.
METODE BIMBINGAN KARIR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PADA ANAK ASUH DI UNIT PELAKSANA TEKNIS DINAS PELAYANAN SOSIAL ASUHAN ANAK (UPTD PSAA) BUDI ASIH BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Aisyah Umi , Sulistiani Nariyah
Published: October 2020

Bimbingan karir merupakan bimbingan untuk membantu individu dalam perencanaan, pengembangan, pemahaman diri dan pemecahan berbagai masalah karier. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasari oleh rendahnya kualitas sumber daya manusia (selanjutnya di sebut SDM) yang dimiliki anak asuh ketika awal memasuki UPTD PSAA Budi asih, anak asuh sebelumnya masih kurang wawasan, tidak tau minat bakatnya , tidak dapat merencanakan pilihan karirnya. Masalah ini sangat menarik diteliti karena kualitas SDM sangat mempengaruhi anak asuh dalam meraih kesuksesan karinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana metode layanan bimbingan karir dalam meningkatkan sumber daya manusia anak asuh di UPTD PSAA Budi Asih Bandar Lampung.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dalam bentuk penelitain lapangan (field research), yeng bersifat deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini ialah 3 orang pembimbing dan 6 anak asuh yang aktif mengikuti kegiatan bimbingan. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu dangan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa metode dalam pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan karir sebagai peningkatan sumber daya manusia, pembimbing mengunakan metode pelatihan, motivasi (dalam bentuk ceramah), mendatangkan narasumber, dan mengevaluasi kegiatan. Kemudian terkait hasil peningkatan SDM anak asuh, pada awalnya SDM nya masih lemah, namun setelah pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan karir sebagai peningkatan SDM, terdapat perubahan bimbingan karir berhasil meningkatan SDM anak asuh, hal tersebut dilihat dari peningkatan pengetahuan karir yang dimilikinya, dari 6 orang sampel, 3 orang mampu berwirausaha, 1 melanjutkan kuliah dan 2 bekerja sesuai keinginannya.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU MELALUI TEKNIK LESSON STUDY SECARA KOLABORATIF DAN RUTIN DI TK PURI INSANI KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Roslimar Roslimar
Published: October 2020

Tuntutan masyarakat saat ini adalah pendidikan yang bermutu, sekolah dituntut memperbaiki atau meningkatkan pencitraan publik sehingga masyarakat yakin bahwa sekolah tersebut layak menjadi pilihan putra-putrinya. Lesson study dengan karakteristiknya nampaknya dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut sehingga pencitraan publik sekolah meningkat. Memang Lesson Study banyak menekankan pada pembelajaran di kelas namun dampak kegiatan ini bisa pada aspek yang lain misal: peningkatan sarana pembelajaran, inovasi sekolah, perubahan visi dan misi sekolah, motivasi guru dan pimpinan sekolah, serta muncul aktivitas ekstrakurikuler dan lain-lain. Lesson study berbasis sekolah yang dilakukan secara rutin akan muncul inovasi pada sekolah sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai upaya memperbaiki citra publik sekolah, kegiatan bisa berlangsung dengan baik perlu adanya komitmen kepala sekolah dan kemauan guru untuk memperbaiki diri.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BAHASA ANAK DENGAN METODE BERCERITA MENGGUNAKAN BONEKA TANGAN TK NEGERI PEMBINA 1 JAMBI
Authors: Sumiati Sumiati
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan berbahasa pada anak melalui metode bercerita dengan boneka tangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak didik kelompok B. Penelitian ini dilakukan di TK Negeri Pembina 1 Jambi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam empat kali pertemuan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi.

Data dikumpulkan melalui metode observasi/catatan lapangan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan cara triangulasi dengan mencari data dari berbagai sumber data. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan kemampuan berbahasa anak menggunkaan metode ini. Peningkatan kemampuan berbahasa anak dapat dilihat dengan membandingkan hasil observasi yaitu sebelum pelaksanaan sebesar 30%, setelah siklus I 60% dan setelah siklus II mencapai 85%.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui metode bercerita dengan gambar seri dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa pada anak kelompok B TK Negeri Pembina 1 Jambi.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS MELALUI KEGIATAN MERONCE PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI TK PEMBINA 2 KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Ropiah Ropiah
Published: October 2020

Anak- anak pada usia bermain atau usia 5-6 tahun seharusnya tahapan kemampuan motorik halus sudah pada tahapan mengambil benda dengan jari, memindahkan benda dari satu ke tangan yang lain dan sudah bisa memasukkan dan mengeluarkan benda dari wadah. Salah satu kegiatan yang dapat mengembangkan kemampuan motorik halus yaitu meronce. Meronce merupakan cara pembuatan benda hias atau benda pakai yang dilakukan dengan menyusun bagian-bagian bahan berlubang atau yang sengaja dilubangi memakai bantuan benang, tali dan sejenisnya.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak melalui kegiatan meronce pada anak Pendidikan usia dini kelas B1 TK Pembina 2 Kota Jambi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui kegiatan meronce dapat meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak didik usia dini TK Pembina 2 Kota Jambi di kelas B1.
PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA TENTANG PERCAKAPAN LEWAT TELEPON ATAU ALAT KOMUNIKASI SEDERHANA (Melalui Metode Pemberian Tugas Kelas IV MI No. 25/E.3 Ambai Bawah Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018)
Authors: Dewi Citra
Published: October 2020

Ada peningkatan yang signifikan pada penguasaan materi pembelajaran, hal ini dapat dibuktikan dari hasil tes formatif pada siklus I, siklus II, dan siklus III. Pada siklus III ada 23 siswa dari jumlah 26 siswa atau sebesar 88,46% yang memperoleh nilai ?65. Ini berarti batas tuntas belajar telah terpenuhi karena jumlah siswa yang memperoleh nilai ?65 lebih dari 75%. Dengan adanya tindakan perbaikan pembelajaran ini, motivasi siswa untuk memahami dan menguasai materi pelajaran sangat tinggi, hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil belajar siswa yang diperoleh dari siklus I, siklus II dan siklus III. Di samping itu menumbuhkan sikap siswa untuk meningkatkan belajarnya, berani mengungkapkan pendapat atau bertanya serta tidak ragu-ragu lagi dalam menghadapi berbagai persoalan materi pelajaran.
KOMPETENSI GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (PAI) DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Burhanudin Burhanudin
Published: October 2020

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah siswa membutuhkan motivasi instrinsic dalam belajar, serta peran guru yang harus memenuhi kompetensi. Kompetensi yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang guru pendidikan agama Islam sebagaimana guru yang lain meliputi: Kompetensi Pedagogik, kompetensi kpribadian, kompetensi profesionalitas, kompetensi sosial. Selain 4empat komptensi tersebut guru Pendidikan Agama Islam juga diharapkan memiliki kompetensi spritual dan kompetensi leadership . Kompetensi pedagogik adalah kemampuan mengajarkan moral. Kompetensi kpribadian kemampuan dalam bersikap yang terbaik dan konsekuen terhadap perkataan dan perbuatannya . Kompetensi profesional adalah kemampuan yang berkaitan dengan profesi keguruannya . Kompetensi sosial berkaitan dengan kemampuan guru dalam menjalankan peranannya dalam kehidupan masyarakat Kompetensi spritual adalah memiliki keikhlasan dalam mengajar serta tulus sepenuh hati dengan rasa pengabdian dan dedikasi yang tinggi. Kompetensi leadership guru harus memiliki percaya diri tinggi yang disertai dengan pertimbangan kedewasaan bertindak. Kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh guru pendidikan agama Islam berpengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa. Dengan berbagai kompetensi yang dimiliki dapat menjadi rangsangan yang memotivasi siswa untuk mengikuti proses belajar mengajar dengan sunguh-sunguh, sehingga pada akhirnya akan mendukung keberhasilan siswa dalam belajarnya.
POLITIK PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS MULTIKULTURAL
Authors: Dani Rahiman
Published: October 2020

Pendidikan merupakan salah satu media yang paling efektif untuk melahirkan generasi yang memiliki pandangan yang mampu menjadikan keragaman sebagai bagian yang harus diapresiasi secara konstruktif. Sebab, pendidikan bersifat sistemik dengan tingkat penyebaran yang cukup merata. Lembaga-lembaga pendidikan dari berbagai tingkatan telah tersebar secara luas di berbagai wilayah Indonesia. Pendidikan menjadi alat penting bagi perkembangan suatu bangsa, secara otomatis kualitas dari peserta didik mulai dari (kognisi, afeksi, hingga psikomotorik) tergantung pada pendidikan yang didapatkannya. Politik dan kekuasaan suatu negara memegang kunci keberhasilan pendidikan. Dalam konteks pembangunan demokratisasi dan desentralisasi di Indonesia, peran politik eksekutif dan legislatif untuk memajukan pendidikan begitu besar. Ranah politik dan kekuasaan harus mampu mewujudkan sistem pendidikan yang mencerdaskan dan mencerahkan peradaban bangsa ini.
INOVASI GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING DI KECAMATAN WONOAYU SIDOARJO
Authors: Aisida Sufinatin , Huda Masrur
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatatif, dimana data pustaka yang diambil dan diproses dengan menggunakan deskripsi-deskripsi, penjelasan buku dan lapangan, bukan menggunakan hitungan atau rumus hitungan. Berawal dari bentuk keprihatinan peneliti saat melihat kondisi riil pendidikan dan pengajaran di Madrasah-madrasah Ibtidaiyah di kecamatan Wonoayu. Banyak pengajar yang mengeluh kesulitan menangani kasus-kasus yang terjadi di lingkungan madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Hal itu, membutuhkan penangan khusus dari pihak sekolah, khususnya guru BK (Bimbingan Konseling) yang ditunjuk. Tapi kendala yang dihadapi adalah, tidak adanya lembaga yang memiliki kompetensi khusus di bidang Psikologi –Guidance dan Counseling-. Dan, sebagaimana pengamatan peneliti rata-rata tidak memiliki guru BK yang diberi tugas menyelesaikan kasus-kasus yang terjadi di madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Berdasarkan pendahuluan tersebut, peneliti merumuskan masalah, yaitu: (1). Bagaimana guru memecahkan masalah-masalahyang berkaitan dengan peserta didik?, dan (2). Bagaiman kondisi madrasah ibtidaiyah di kecamatan Wonoayu? (3)Bagaimana menerapkan teori Guidance dan Counseling bagi siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah se kecamatan Wonoayu ?. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) para guru biasanya memecahkan permasalahannya dengan ditangani langsung oleh para walikelasnya, dan mereka rata-rata tidak memiliki kualifikasi dalam bidang bimbingan dan konseling. Sehingga lebih banyak dilakukan dengan teguran, hukuman menulis maupun nasehat (2) ada 17 madrasah ibtidaiyah di kecamatan Wonoayu, dari 17 MI tersebut kondisinya bermacam-macam ada yang telah maju dengan sarana dan prasaran, guru dan siswa yang memadai serta rata-rata memililiki guru-guru yang telah tersertifikasi, terpi masih ada madrasah ibtidaiyah yang memiliki murid, sarpras yang belum memadai, kepala sekolah yang ada adalah dari pengangkatan yayasan yang menaunginya. (3) setelah dilakukan workshop inovasi guidance and counseling, ada wawasan baru cara menangani siswa dengan cara-cara yang humanis dan menuliskan apa yang mereka rasakan.