bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Vedolizumab- and Ustekinumab-Exposed Pregnancies: Results From the PIANO Registry
Authors: Chugh Rishika , Long Millie D. , Jiang Yue , Weaver Kimberly N. , Beaulieu Dawn B. , Scherl Ellen J. , Mahadevan Uma
Published: October 2023

Background:

Pregnancy outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease with quiescent disease are similar to those in the general population. Data from the Pregnancy Inflammatory bowel disease And Neonatal Outcomes registry have demonstrated the safety of antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) α agents and thiopurines in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to provide information from the Pregnancy Inflammatory bowel disease And Neonatal Outcomes registry on maternal and fetal outcomes in patients exposed to the newer biologics ustekinumab (UST) and vedolizumab (VDZ).

Methods:

In this multicenter prospective observational study, we included pregnant women with singleton pregnancies and a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Questionnaires were administered to women at study intake, each subsequent trimester, delivery, and 4, 9, and 12 months after birth. Bivariate analyses were used to determine the independent effects of specific drug classes on outcomes. The exposure cohorts were VDZ, UST, anti-TNF, immunomodulators, and combination with anti-TNF and immunomodulators. All were compared with no exposure and with biologics/immunomodulators.

Results:

There were 1,669 completed pregnancies with 1,610 live births. The maternal mean age was 32.1 (SD 4.6) years at delivery with 66 VDZ exposed and 47 UST exposed. Women on UST were more likely to have Crohn's disease. There was no increased risk of spontaneous abortion, small for gestational age, low birth weight, neonatal intensive care unit stay, congenital malformations, or intrauterine growth restriction with in utero VDZ or UST exposure. The rate of preterm birth was lower (0.0%) for the UST-exposed cohort when compared with other cohorts including VDZ (13.8%), anti-TNF (8.2%), combination therapy (14.2%), immunomodulators (12.3%), and unexposed (9.7%) (P = 0.03). Rates of serious infections at birth, 4 months, and within the first 12 months of life were comparable among all cohorts. Nonserious infections were lower at 12 months in UST-exposed pregnancies. There was no increased risk signal for placental complications in the VDZ cohort. UST infant concentrations at birth were increased whereas VDZ concentrations were overall decreased compared with maternal serum drug concentration.

DISCUSSION:

This analysis of UST and VDZ exposure during pregnancy suggests no increase in complications compared with TNF, immunomodulators, and combination TNF/immunomodulators. No signal was found for increased placental events with either therapy. Continuation of UST and VDZ throughout pregnancy is recommended.
The Sigmoid Colon as an Unusual Primary Site of T Cell Lymphoma in a Patient Presenting With Brain Metastasis
Authors: Bourmaf Mohammad , Motwani Kiran K. , McCool Isaac , Singh Zeba , Kallen Michael , Koka Madhurima , Wong Uni
Published: October 2023

Intestinal T-cell lymphomas are an uncommon type of gastrointestinal malignancy, primarily found in the stomach and small bowel. The liver represents the most common distant organ for metastasis in gastrointestinal malignancies, followed by the lungs. Brain and muscular metastases are rare. We present intestinal T-cell lymphoma with a primary site in the sigmoid colon and metastasis to the brain, meninges, and psoas muscle. Biopsy of the malignant mass confirmed intestinal T-cell lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first colon T-cell lymphoma with primary brain and meningeal metastasis with another uncommon site of muscular metastasis.
THE ROLE OF “FIRST” AND “SECOND” CITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE URAL REGIONS (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE SVERDLOVSK AND CHELYABINSK REGIONS)
Authors:   Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Artemova Olga , Savchenko Anastasia ,   Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2023

In regional development, a significant role is played by cities that have the status of “first” (the largest city population in the region) and “second” (the second largest population). As a rule, high economic activity (resources, investments, production, etc.) and a rich social life of the population are concentrated there. Indeed, the importance of the “first” and “second” cities in the socio-economic development of the region is high; in their impact on the distribution of labor and material resources throughout the region; in the possibility of influence of these cities on the development of territories through agglomeration mechanisms; in ensuring the quality of life of the population. In this context, the authors show the importance of “first” and “second” cities in the economic and social development of territories that ensure an adequate quality of life for the population of the Ural regions. The main results of the study indicate that there are some problems with population in “first”, and “second” (to a greater extent) cities of the Ural regions: a decrease in the living population; uneven and asymmetric intra-regional migration (gravitating towards regional centers); negative trends in relation to natural population growth (mortality significantly exceeds birth rate). At the same time, these cities have the potential for industrial development and positive trends in ensuring the quality of the urban environ-ment. Based on the analysis, the authors conclude that it is necessary to optimize the settlement and in-dustrial frameworks of the region, the key points of which are connected both with large “first” cities and with “second” cities of the region. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the role and dy-namic development of “second” cities. In the hierarchy of urban architecture, cities, performing a func-tional role of the second level, should become the focus of socio-economic development of municipali-ties, a point of attraction for business activity, ensuring the connectivity of territories within the frame-work of agglomeration processes.
Contribution to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Central Slovenia
Authors: Šturm Luka , Peternel Andrej , Zaman Jure , Verovnik Rudi
Published: October 2023

The southwestern Posavsko hills and northern Suha krajina are among the least studied areas regarding the butterfly fauna in Slovenia. To fill this knowledge gap, we selected all unpublished records of butterflies since 2014, in addition to the focused field surveys performed in the 2019–2022 period. We recorded a total of 105 butterfly species, presenting almost 60% of all species found in Slovenia. Among the species found, there are several habitat specialists of high conservation importance, e.g., Leptidea morsei, Euphydryas aurinia, Parnassius mnemosyne, Phengaris arion, Carcharodus floccifera, Lycaena dispar. Locations harbouring these species and those with the highest species richness are of great importance for preserving the diverse butterfly fauna of the region.
Entre o Império do Mali e o «Islão marítimo». O impacto dos legados e das literacias islâmicas na África portuguesa
Authors: Łukaszyk Ewa A.
Published: October 2023

The article presents the impact of the Islamicate populations and literacies in Portuguese colonial literature and scholarship. The main ethnic group that focused the attention of the colonisers were the aggressive, dominant Fulani portrayed in the novels of Fausto Duarte, Auá and A Revolta. Their usages and traditions were studied by the first Portuguese ethnographers and ethnohistorians with almost satisfactory results. On the other hand, Islam in the oriental part of the Portuguese colonial empire (Mozambique) was much less understood. The Portuguese paid greater attention to the aggressive, jihadist movements in West Africa than to the relatively less conspicuous Sufi movements that developed in the port cities and islands along the East African coast. Overall, the process of Islamicization of the territories controlled by the Portuguese went on unhindered or even accelerated during the colonial period.
Asymptotic behavior of solutions of a second-order nonlinear discrete equation of Emden-Fowler type
Authors: Diblík Josef , Korobko Evgeniya
Published: October 2023

The article investigates a second-order nonlinear difference equation of Emden-Fowler type

Δ

2

u

(

k

)

±

k

α

u

m

(

k

)

=
0
,

{\Delta }^{2}u\left(k)\pm {k}^{\alpha }{u}^{m}\left(k)=0,

where

k

k

is the independent variable with values

k
=

k

0

,

k

0

+
1
,

…

k={k}_{0},{k}_{0}+1,\ldots \hspace{0.33em}

,

u
:

{

k

0

,

k

0

+
1
,

…

}

→
R

u:\left\{{k}_{0},{k}_{0}+1,\ldots \hspace{0.33em}\right\}\to {\mathbb{R}}

is the dependent variable,

k

0

{k}_{0}

is a fixed integer, and

Δ

2

u

(

k

)

{\Delta }^{2}u\left(k)

is its second-order forward difference. New conditions with respect to parameters

α
∈
R

\alpha \in {\mathbb{R}}

and

m
∈
R

m\in {\mathbb{R}}

,

m
≠
1

m\ne 1

, are found such that the equation admits a solution asymptotically represented by a power function that is asymptotically equivalent to the exact solution of the nonlinear second-order differential Emden-Fowler equation

y

″

(

x

)

±

x

α

y

m

(

x

)

=
0
.

{y}^{^{\prime\prime} }\left(x)\pm {x}^{\alpha }{y}^{m}\left(x)=0.

Two-term asymptotic representations are given not only for the solution itself but also for its first- and second-order forward differences as well. Previously known results are discussed, and illustrative examples are considered.
Predicting pediatric Crohn's disease based on six mRNA-constructed risk signature using comprehensive bioinformatic approaches
Authors: Zhan Yuanyuan , Jin Quan , Yousif Tagwa Yousif Elsayed , Soni Mukesh , Ren Yuping , Liu Shengxuan
Published: October 2023

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a recurrent, chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract which is a clinical subtype of inflammatory bowel disease for which timely and non-invasive diagnosis in children remains a challenge. A novel predictive risk signature for pediatric CD diagnosis was constructed from bioinformatics analysis of six mRNAs, adenomatosis polyposis downregulated 1 (APCDD1), complement component 1r, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAP3K5), lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1, sphingomyelin synthase 1 and transmembrane protein 184B, and validated using samples. Statistical evaluation was performed by support vector machine learning, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, differentially expressed genes and pathological assessment. Hematoxylin–eosin staining and immunohistochemistry results showed that APCDD1 was highly expressed in pediatric CD tissues. Evaluation by decision curve analysis and area under the curve indicated good predictive efficacy. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene set enrichment analysis confirmed the involvement of immune and cytokine signaling pathways. A predictive risk signature for pediatric CD is presented which represents a non-invasive supplementary tool for pediatric CD diagnosis.
Real yields and PVSYST simulations: comparative analysis based on four photovoltaic installations at Ibn Tofail University
Authors: Ait Omar Oumaima , EL Fadil Hassan , El Fezazi Nour Eddine , Oumimoun Zakaria , Ait Errouhi Ahmed , Choukai Oumaima
Published: October 2023

Since the PVSYST simulator is the most well-known software among researchers and PV experts, we chose to compare its results to those of the manual method. Thus, the objective of the article was to obtain the degree of similarity between the results of the PVSYST simulation and the manual calculation of the same parameters, based on the study of the photovoltaic systems of the University Ibn Tofail. Those installations are installed in the Faculty of Letters, Science, the Presidency and CFC. The later used in our study, have different parameters. Hence, to collect these parameters and their distinct data we used multiple sources. The datasheets of each components of the PV system contains the parameters that distinguish the devices therefore it was mandatory to look for that information, since it will facilitate our study. The meteorological database PVGIS, was our reference for the temperature and irradiation data. What’s more is the PVSYST software that helps in the simulation of the PV system and thus having a detailed report with massive information. All this collection of data was aiming to help us comparing the results of yields and other parameters by manual calculation versus simulation in PVSYST. Morocco has demonstrated a strong commitment to combat climate change by embracing renewable energy, particularly photovoltaic systems. In this pursuit, universities like Ibn Tofail University (UIT) play a crucial role in addressing climate challenges and developing research solutions for mitigation. UIT actively participates in projects related to environmental protection and sustainable development, contributing to Morocco’s growth and higher education advancement. As part of its efforts, UIT has been involved in implementing sustainable green projects and promoting renewable energy technologies. A specific study at UIT aimed to compare PVSYST simulation results with manual calculations for four PV systems on campus, considering parameters such as orientation, electrical installation, and panel types. The International Energy Agency (IEA) Photovoltaic Systems Program has established standards and a key concept, the yield factor, measuring the net energy production over a facility’s lifetime compared to the energy used for construction, operation, and supply. By evaluating the accuracy and efficiency of PVSYST, researchers sought to advance the use of PV systems and contribute to Morocco’s renewable energy goals. Such research not only aids in the progression of renewable energy technology but also aligns with Morocco’s vision for sustainable development and environmental protection.
Improving the fatigue life of composite by using multiwall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zwain Ibaa M. H. , Alithari Ali Sadiq
Published: October 2023

The fatigue life of polymer materials like epoxy can be improved by using stiffeners such as carbon fiber and/or adding multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). This article studies the effect of adding MWCNTs with different ratios (0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) to epoxy and composite (epoxy + 30% carbon fibers). The experimental results of the fatigue test with fully reversed bending stress (with R = −1) showed a maximum increase of 788% in fatigue life when adding 1 wt% MWCNTs to epoxy, while the maximum improvement ratio reaches 2,500% when adding 1 wt% MWCNTs to composite. The best results of fatigue life improvement were observed for samples with MWCNTs of 1 wt%. The material will be transferred from low cycle fatigue (less than 105 cycles) to high cycle fatigue (more than 105 cycles) by adding 1 wt% of MWCNTs. At the same time, the ratio of MWCNTs of more than 1 wt% (such as 2 wt%) will decrease the fatigue life due to the agglomeration of nanotubes inside the resin and reduce the positive effect of it. These agglomeration points work as a barrier to load transfer and stress concentration points. The numerical model was built to simulate the fatigue test and compare the results with the experimental with a discrepancy value of 7.5%.
Electrical conductivity of salmon muscles – analysis of the influence of muscle position and electrical current direction during ohmic heating
Authors: Guo Wen , Llave Yvan , Fukuoka Mika
Published: October 2023

In this study, the heating penetration in salmon muscle tissue was evaluated during ohmic heating (OH) at 20 kHz. The electrical conductivities (ECs) in five muscle-tissue sections (fat content from 7.85 to 21.15 %) of salmon were measured under different conditions of applied frequency (50 Hz–20 kHz), temperature (5–70 °C), and direction of the electric current (parallel or series) in relation to the muscle arrangement. Significant differences in the ECs of the five sections were found, especially at high frequencies. A lower fat content and the parallel current direction resulted in higher ECs than a higher fat content and the series current direction. Empirical equations were derived to determine the EC values of all five sections of the salmon fillet based on their temperature dependence. The cooking losses after OH processes were low in the order of parallel < series < minced. These results are of potential value for the design of the OH process for salmon-based products.
On the performance of FSO communication system with WDM and MIMO structure under different turbulent atmospheric conditions
Authors: Tantawy Zeinab H. , El Mashade Mohamed B. , Emran Ahmed A. , Semeia Abdellatif I. M.
Published: October 2023

Free space optical (FSO) communication link is highly weather dependent as the signal passes through the atmospheric channel. The main impairment is atmospheric turbulence, which introduces fading and breakdown the system performance. The performance of FSO link is evaluated in terms of attenuation and link length under different weather conditions. Taking a step further toward the improvement of FSO communication system, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is widely used in optical fiber in order to exploit the capacity of a fiber channel more efficiently. Additionally, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanism represents one of the atmospheric mitigation techniques. Thus, integration of MIMO and WDM will provide astonishing results in FSO communication systems. This paper particularly focuses on analyzing the performance of FSO single input single output (FSO-SISO), FSO-WDM, FSO-MIMO, and FSO-WDM-MIMO systems considering different weather conditions. Performance of the different systems has also been compared in terms of received signal power, the quality factor, the bit error rate, and the maximum separation between the transmitter and the receiver for a given received signal level and for various atmospheric conditions. Our results show that increasing the transmitted power and receiver aperture diameter will improve the performance of the system under heavy fog and dense fog.
Neuronal Population Activity in Macaque Visual Cortices Dynamically Changes through Repeated Fixations in Active Free Viewing
Authors: Yamane Yukako , Ito Junji , Joana Cristian , Fujita Ichiro , Tamura Hiroshi , Maldonado Pedro E. , Doya Kenji , Grün Sonja
Published: October 2023

During free viewing, we move our eyes and fixate on objects to recognize the visual scene of our surroundings. To investigate the neural representation of objects in this process, we studied individual and population neuronal activity in three different visual regions of the brains of macaque monkeys (Macaca fuscata): the primary and secondary visual cortices (V1, V2) and the inferotemporal cortex (IT). We designed a task where the animal freely selected objects in a stimulus image to fixate on while we examined the relationship between spiking activity, the order of fixations, and the fixated objects. We found that activity changed across repeated fixations on the same object in all three recorded areas, with observed reductions in firing rates. Furthermore, the responses of individual neurons became sparser and more selective with individual objects. The population activity for individual objects also became distinct. These results suggest that visual neurons respond dynamically to repeated input stimuli through a smaller number of spikes, thereby allowing for discrimination between individual objects with smaller energy.
Cognitive Aging and the Primate Basal Forebrain Revisited: Disproportionate GABAergic Vulnerability Revealed
Authors: Bañuelos Cristina , Kittleson Joshua R. , LaNasa Katherine H. , Galiano Christina S. , Roth Stephanie M. , Perez Evelyn J. , Long Jeffrey M. , Roberts Mary T. , Fong Sania , Rapp Peter R.
Published: October 2023

Basal forebrain (BF) projections to the hippocampus and cortex are anatomically positioned to influence a broad range of cognitive capacities that are known to decline in normal aging, including executive function and memory. Although a long history of research on neurocognitive aging has focused on the role of the cholinergic basal forebrain system, intermingled GABAergic cells are numerically as prominent and well positioned to regulate the activity of their cortical projection targets, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. The effects of aging on noncholinergic BF neurons in primates, however, are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted quantitative morphometric analyses in brains from young adult (6 females, 2 males) and aged (11 females, 5 males) rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) that displayed significant impairment on standard tests that require the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Cholinergic (ChAT+) and GABAergic (GAD67+) neurons were quantified through the full rostrocaudal extent of the BF. Total BF immunopositive neuron number (ChAT+plus GAD67+) was significantly lower in aged monkeys compared with young, largely because of fewer GAD67+cells. Additionally, GAD67+neuron volume was greater selectively in aged monkeys without cognitive impairment compared with young monkeys. These findings indicate that the GABAergic component of the primate BF is disproportionally vulnerable to aging, implying a loss of inhibitory drive to cortical circuitry. Moreover, adaptive reorganization of the GABAergic circuitry may contribute to successful neurocognitive outcomes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA long history of research has confirmed the role of the basal forebrain in cognitive aging. The majority of that work has focused on BF cholinergic neurons that innervate the cortical mantle. Codistributed BF GABAergic populations are also well positioned to influence cognitive function, yet little is known about this prominent neuronal population in the aged brain. In this unprecedented quantitative comparison of both cholinergic and GABAergic BF neurons in young and aged rhesus macaques, we found that neuron number is significantly reduced in the aged BF compared with young, and that this reduction is disproportionately because of a loss of GABAergic neurons. Together, our findings encourage a new perspective on the functional organization of the primate BF in neurocognitive aging.
The Representation of Observed Actions at the Subordinate, Basic, and Superordinate Level
Authors: Zhuang Tonghe , Kabulska Zuzanna , Lingnau Angelika
Published: October 2023

Actions can be planned and recognized at different hierarchical levels, ranging from very specific (e.g., to swim backstroke) to very broad (e.g., locomotion). Understanding the corresponding neural representation is an important prerequisite to reveal how our brain flexibly assigns meaning to the world around us. To address this question, we conducted an event-related fMRI study in male and female human participants in which we examined distinct representations of observed actions at the subordinate, basic and superordinate level. Using multiple regression representational similarity analysis (RSA) in predefined regions of interest, we found that the three different taxonomic levels were best captured by patterns of activations in bilateral lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC), showing the highest similarity with the basic level model. A whole-brain multiple regression RSA revealed that information unique to the basic level was captured by patterns of activation in dorsal and ventral portions of the LOTC and in parietal regions. By contrast, the unique information for the subordinate level was limited to bilateral occipitotemporal cortex, while no single cluster was obtained that captured unique information for the superordinate level. The behaviorally established action space was best captured by patterns of activation in the LOTC and superior parietal cortex, and the corresponding neural patterns of activation showed the highest similarity with patterns of activation corresponding to the basic level model. Together, our results suggest that occipitotemporal cortex shows a preference for the basic level model, with flexible access across the subordinate and the basic level.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe human brain captures information at varying levels of abstraction. It is debated which brain regions host representations across different hierarchical levels, with some studies emphasizing parietal and premotor regions, while other studies highlight the role of the lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC). To shed light on this debate, here we examined the representation of observed actions at the three taxonomic levels suggested by Rosch et al. (1976). Our results highlight the role of the LOTC, which hosts a shared representation across the subordinate and the basic level, with the highest similarity with the basic level model. These results shed new light on the hierarchical organization of observed actions and provide insights into the neural basis underlying the basic level advantage.
Spindle assembly checkpoint insensitivity allows meiosis‐II despite chromosomal defects in aged eggs
Authors: Mihajlović Aleksandar I , Byers Candice , Reinholdt Laura , FitzHarris Greg
Published: October 2023

Chromosome segregation errors in mammalian oocyte meiosis lead to developmentally compromised aneuploid embryos and become more common with advancing maternal age. Known contributors include age‐related chromosome cohesion loss and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) fallibility in meiosis‐I. But how effective the SAC is in meiosis‐II and how this might contribute to age‐related aneuploidy is unknown. Here, we developed genetic and pharmacological approaches to directly address the function of the SAC in meiosis‐II. We show that the SAC is insensitive in meiosis‐II oocytes and that as a result misaligned chromosomes are randomly segregated. Whilst SAC ineffectiveness in meiosis‐II is not age‐related, it becomes most prejudicial in oocytes from older females because chromosomes that prematurely separate by age‐related cohesion loss become misaligned in meiosis‐II. We show that in the absence of a robust SAC in meiosis‐II these age‐related misaligned chromatids are missegregated and lead to aneuploidy. Our data demonstrate that the SAC fails to prevent cell division in the presence of misaligned chromosomes in oocyte meiosis‐II, which explains how age‐related cohesion loss can give rise to aneuploid embryos.
Determination of color characteristics of some wood species treated with bleaching chemicals
Authors: Çakıcıer Nevzat , Ulay Göksel
Published: October 2023

With the application of bleaching treatments, the color of the wood material changes. When different bleaching agents are applied to the same wood, different results are likely to be obtained. In this study, wood species doussié (Afzelia africana), iatandza (Albizia ferruginea), merbau (Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Kuntze), mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni L.), and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) along with one and two component (B-One-C and B-Two-C) wood bleaching chemicals were applied to the wood material surfaces with sponge technique. Then, color parameters (ho: hue angle, a*: red color tone, b*: yellow color tone, C*: chroma, and L*: lightness) were determined on bleached and unbleached materials. According to the results obtained, B-One-C application increased ho, a*, b*, C*, and L* values in all wood species. The highest ∆E* values were determined in mahogany, doussié, hornbeam, and merbau wood species treated with B-Two-C. The chemicals used in the study showed different results on the same wood.
Induction in component-based software synthesis
Authors: Giedrimas Vaidas
Published: October 2023

The automatic programming and automatic software synthesis systems are relevant software engineering research objects. This article presents the prospects of induction as a component-based software synthesis method. The usage of induction in the component-based software synthesis system can solve main synthesis problems: problem of specification, problem of undefined components and problem of non-functional requirements. However using induction synthesis system can lose soundness provided by structural synhesis of programs method. To avoid this any inductive conclusion should be verified.
Shades of the Assessment of Slavic Loanwords in Southern Aukštaitian Subdialects
Authors: Ragaišienė Vilija
Published: October 2023

The article discusses the connotation, context of usage and tendencies of loanwords (nouns and adjectives) from Slavic languages used in the subdialects of the Southern Aukštaitians. The research conducted revealed that the constant connotation is usually characteristic of loanwords that name persons and other living beings by their character traits, habits and inclinations, less often by their physical characteristics. Loanwords acquire a contextual connotation in contexts (combinations of words and sentences) in which the physical characteristics and appearance of the object under discussion (a person or other living being) are assessed from a certain aspect. The positive or negative shade of the assessment of loanwords with constant connotation can be used not only in a word taken separately but also in a wider context of usage. Loanwords of Southern Aukštaitian subdialects usually have a negative connotation. The spectrum of the assessment of the object in question is quite wide: from teasing to ridicule or even bullyin. Loanwords in certain contexts are used as having a greater emotional expression than Standard language words.
Borrowings or Code-Switching? Analysis of Ways of Morphosyntactic Integration of Lithuanian and Russian Nouns in the Novel "Robczik" by Bartosz Połoński
Authors: Masojć Irena
Published: October 2023

One of the most debated issues in the research on linguistic interactions includes the problem of differentiating between loan words and effects of code-switching, which is solved in a particularly complex way by studying the interaction of closely related languages.  The aim of the article is to reveal various ways of integrating Lithuanian and Russian nouns used in informal communication in the Polish language in Lithuania and to make attempts to answer the question of whether the degree of morphosyntactic adaptation can be used to determine the boundary between the loan words and effects of code-switching. The study is based on the linguistic material of the novel Robczik by Bartosz Połoński, in which the author fairly accurately reconstructed the slang of young people at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries. The analysis shows that in the case of typologically and genetically similar languages, foreign lexical items are incorporated into the syntactic structure of the language in several ways. However, the morphosyntactic integration of Lithuanian and Russian words is not a sufficient criterion to distinguish the phenomenon of borrowing from that of code-switching. Other criteria, such as phonological, which can only be applied to spoken linguistic material, may be of utmost importance.
Access to Justice through the Prism of Judicial Practice and Legal Theory
Authors: Shcherbanyuk Oksana , Bzova Laura
Published: October 2023

This article discusses the access to justice, perceived as a human right. It is argued that this fundamental right is now part of today’s jus cogens. The idea of jus cogens can be a highly beneficial tool for sanctifying the existence of a normative hierarchy in the international arena, which is traditionally viewed as a set of purely horizontal relations between states. As soon as a norm or a principle acquires the character of jus cogens, it obliges the entire international community, requiring states to adapt their laws and legal practice.
The Penetration of Canon Law into the Duchy of Bohemia up to the End of the 12th Century
Authors: Krafl Pavel
Published: October 2023

The subject of this article is the reception of Canon Law in the Duchy of Bohemia in the period until the end of the 12th century. The period from the beginnings of the Duchy of Bohemia to the end of the 12th century is a period in which the Duke held all the power in the State. Ecclesiastical Law was thus reduced to State Ecclesiastical Law.
Effect Modifiers of the Association of High-Flow Nasal Cannula and Bronchiolitis Length of Stay
Authors: Winer Jeffrey C. , Richardson Troy , Berg Kathleen J. , Berry Jay , Chang Pearl W. , Etinger Veronica , Hall Matt , Kim Grace , Meneses Paz Juan Carlos , Treasure Jennifer D. , Aronson Paul L.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy for hospitalized children with bronchiolitis is associated with a longer length of stay (LOS) when used outside of the ICU. We sought to explore the association between HFNC and LOS to identify if demographic and clinical factors may modify the effect of HFNC usage on LOS.

METHODS

In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we used a combination of hospital records and the Pediatric Health Information System. We included encounters from September 1, 2018 to March 31, 2020 for patients <2 years old diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Multivariable Poisson regression was performed for the association of LOS with measured covariates, including fixed main effects and interaction terms between HFNC and other factors.

RESULTS

Of 8060 included patients, 2179 (27.0%) received HFNC during admission. Age group, weight, complex chronic condition, initial tachypnea, initial desaturation, and ICU services were significantly associated with LOS. The effect of HFNC on LOS differed among hospitals (P < .001), with the estimated increase in LOS ranging from 32% to 139%. The effect of HFNC on LOS was modified by age group, initial desaturation, and ICU services, with 1- to 6-month-old infants, patients without initial desaturation, and patients without ICU services having the highest association between HFNC and LOS, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We identified multiple potential effect modifiers for the relationship between HFNC and LOS. The authors of future prospective studies should investigate the effect of HFNC usage on LOS in non-ICU patients without documented desaturation.
PHILOSOPHY OF THE HEART: KAINONIA OF THE UKRAINIAN TRADITION
Authors: BRODETSKA Julia
Published: October 2023

The research interest is focused on the examination of the kainonia nature of Ukrainian philosophy. It is most deeply revealed within the framework of cordocentrism. As a direction of religious philosophy, cordocentrism most prominently affects epistemological resources and the potential of philosophical knowledge. Cordocentrism reveals itself most fully in the philosophical views of H.Skovoroda. The philosopher successfully combines the Christian tradition with the Ukrainian ethnic identity. Therefore, revealing its potential from the principle of worldview, cordognosia turns into an epistemological platform of philosophical science. This is precisely what is emphasized in the concept of the heart of H.Skovoroda, who examines the fundamental principles of human knowledge of the world.The author focuses on the close connection of the Ukrainian philosophical tradition with the philosophy of Christianity itself. It is this synthesis that becomes an interesting prospect for solving the issue of methodological diversity of modern philosophy (the problem of the methodological crisis). Since it is the cordocentric tradition that lays the foundations of scientific synthesis as a fundamental principle of philosophical knowledge. The latter in the modern epistemological tradition is replaced by analytical research. The practices of “heart synthesis” are aimed at the search for knowledge deeper than logical-evidential epistema or doxa. Thus, in the context of the methodological imperfection of the epistemological problem of modern philosophy, turning to the philosophical heritage of cardocentrism, and directly to the philosophy of the heart of H.Skovoroda, is a promising direction of philosophical knowledge.
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION IN EU STATES: EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE
Authors: SHULGA Marina , KUZNIETSOVA Inna , KIT Natalia
Published: October 2023

The work examines the issue of the philosophy of education, in particular, in the system of continuous formation of plastic structures in the mode of uncertainty. The essence of the concept of “philosophy of education”, its interpretation, variants of explanation are determined. The signs and features of the philosophy of education are characterized. Also considered is the historical process of the development of the philosophy of education, the orientation of the philosophy of education towards a certain goal in a certain historical period, the state of the philosophy of education at the current stage, the main goals and tasks of the philosophy of education.During the study, attention is also paid to the concepts of education that exist today. The features of each theory, its manifestations, significance for education in general are determined. At the same time, various approaches to the construction of education and the possibility of their application are considered.In the work, attention is paid to the state of the education philosophy of the EU states at the current stage. Features of the educational process of the European Union, principles, principles are defined. Such categories of EU education philosophy as the freedom of choice of the pupil and student, the right of educational institutions to independently determine the structure and content of educational programs, the validity of knowledge, democracy in the relationship between the teacher and students, education throughout life are studied.At the same time, the educational process of Ukraine is analyzed. The features of the philosophy of the Ukrainian educational system, the practical implementation of certain principles, principles and ideas are highlighted. At the same time, the shortcomings of the educational philosophy of Ukraine are identified, which negatively affect the formation of a coherent and harmonious educational system of our country.The article focuses on the prospects for the development of the philosophy of education in Ukraine. The question of heterarchy, flexible education, own education is considered. Each identified path is characterized and its strengths and weaknesses are identified. At the same time, forecasts are made regarding the further development of education in Ukraine.
Using appraisal theory and the texts of Michelle Carter to assist in developing a means of analysing evidence in encouraged suicide cases
Authors: Calloway Lily Rae
Published: October 2023

On 13 July 2014, 18-year-old Conrad Henri Roy III committed suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning. Conrad's girlfriend, Michelle Carter, was accused of encouraging his suicide through a series of text messages and a phone call insisting Conrad ‘get back in the car’ which was filling with carbon monoxide; she was eventually found guilty on charges of involuntary manslaughter, a charge which sparked discussion around the lack of encouraged suicide legislation. This article examines the text messages between Michelle Carter and Conrad Roy and asks what we can learn from them for the purpose of designing analytical frameworks for courtroom evidence in cases of encouraged suicide. Using the attitude sub-system of appraisal analysis, Carter's evaluation of emotive states, judgement of Roy's character and level of value awarded to certain concepts are considered alongside how these appraisals may have been employed to elicit a persuasion response.
Fetal Mortality in the United States: 2020-2021 and 2021-Provisional 2022
Authors: Gregory Elizabeth C.W. , Valenzuela Claudia P. , Martin Joyce A.
Published: October 2023

This report provides health data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
Infant Mortality in United States: Provisional Data From the 2022 Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File
Authors: Ely Danielle M. , Driscoll Anne K.
Published: October 2023

This report provides health data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
Students Perception towards the Use of Insert Learning App in Blended Learning to Enhance Reading Comprehension
Authors: Solihatul Ulya  , Mercy Aprilia  , Mutmainnah Mustofa
Published: October 2023

One of essential skills to expand students’ knowledge and abilities is reading. Various media and platforms have been used by teachers to support the learning and teaching process moreover during the online class. However, to help students to easily understand about what they read, teachers have to make and provide technique, strategy and media for the needs of their students, including in reading mastery. The use of appropriate media can be pivotal for teachers in order to make the students understand by considering its efficiency. This paper focuses on investigating the students’ perception towards the use of Insert Learning App in Blended Learning and Teaching to enhance students’ comprehension in reading. This study uses a case study method. The participants were master degree students of English Department, in total 50 students consisted of 22 male students and 38 female students. To find out the students’ perception towards the use of Insert Learning, the data were collected mainly through questionnaires and interviews. The result of this study reveals that the majority of students have positive perceptions regarding the usage of Insert Learning as a teaching media for reading comprehension in blended learning. It is beneficial tools to makes reading more interactive and engaging. Students also claim that Insert Learning is easy to use because it is connected as an extension in Google Chrome.
Retrospective study on English teachers’ strategies to improve students’ writing skills
Authors: Panjaitan Elisabeth Indah Natalia , Lius Novita Cuan , Saragih Erikson
Published: October 2023

Writing is the act of conveying thoughts, facts, knowledge, or understanding for further study or to communicate and absorb certain information. Writing can be used to express art or beauty as well as words. Everything that is put into writing, including memories, folklore, and imagination, can then be integrated into a publishable narrative. Despite the fact that teachers in Indonesia have done a lot of research on writing skills, there is currently little literature on the writing tactics teachers use to help students develop their writing skills. The purpose of this study was to learn more about the tactics teachers use when teaching students in writing, including how to evaluate student progress. Qualitative data analysis approach is used to analyze research data. Specifically, collecting data, reducing it, analyzing it, and drawing conclusions. This study uses a qualitative methodology with a survey design. Ten English teachers from Medan participated in the study as participants. The findings show that instructors make extensive use of a variety of strategies, including exercises and writing assignments. Of the two, the teacher believed that practice was the most successful in helping students improve their writing skills. Studying a lot of things around can also affect it, such as remembering vocabulary around the environment and writing it down according to the existing reading provisions.
Higher Order Thinking Skill’s Instruction Delivered by EFL Teacher During an Online Learning
Authors: Kencana Nazelya Puspita
Published: October 2023

HOTS promote the idea of assessing students’ critical thinking, creative thinking, and problem solving. Many teachers claimed to implement HOTS in the classroom, but turned out they tended to have LOTS in their teaching and learning process. Since the teaching and learning process has shifted from in person meeting to the virtual one due to COVID-19, there was an adjustment to conduct the learning process. Hence, the present study aimed to figure out teacher’s strategies to deliver HOTS’ instruction, students’ HOTS, and the construction of HOTS’ instruction during online learning. This study employed qualitative research and two English teachers were involved. The data was gathered through classroom observation. The findings revealed that direct instruction and questioning strategies were efficient and effective to activate students’ HOTS through asking the students’ point of views about online and offline learning systems and having the students’ work in group to discuss a certain topic. Further, analyzing and evaluating procedural knowledge and metacognitive knowledge were the most abilities exposed by the instructions. In this case, the students activated their critical thinking, creative thinking during online learning. Then, the instructions delivered by the teachers during the class promoted students’ creative thinking and critical thinking because they encouraged students’ creativity, motivated their self-confidence to participate in the class, had the students be communicative, and exposed students’ understanding and knowledge. The instructions were clear enough and reflected imperative and interrogative sentences, so that the students easily understood what they needed to do during the learning process. However, one teacher could not promote HOTS pretty well because he encouraged the students to talk about direct and indirect speech, which was the area about understanding conceptual knowledge.
Reading Strategies in Enhancing Students’ Reading Comprehension: Are They Still Relevant?
Authors: Andi Rusgandi Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Abstract. As a result of recent technological advancements, reading in the modern period has altered in more ways than only how students interact with textbooks. However, this technological advancement really has a detrimental effect on students' reading skills. Students tend to be lazy to read books and prefer to read entertainment stuff on cell phones where the language used is mostly informal. Due to the informal language that is often used in social media and messaging apps, students were struggling with a variety of issues such as a lack of pleasure in reading, a lack of critical thinking ability, a bad reading style, and a lack of strategy, all of which contribute to their ultimate demotivation to read. This review aims to discuss theories and previous studies related to the impact of implementation of reading strategies towards students’ reading comprehension. The findings of this review show that students’ reading comprehension are positively affected by the use of reading strategies. Therefore, it is clear that reading strategies effectively contribute a prominent improvement towards the students’ reading comprehension.
Online Grammar Learning: How the Learners Perceive its Effectiveness
Authors: Oktaviani Amanda , Setiamunadi Antonina Anggraini
Published: October 2023

The pandemic forced all learning to be done online using technologies that can connect students and teachers in different locations. This online teaching and learning also needs to be applied to the teaching and learning of English grammar which is usually much more comfortable to be done offline. This study was conducted to find out university students' perception about the effectiveness of their online grammar learning and their reasons to say that their online grammar learning is effective or ineffective. The data were collected by using a questionnaire to 35 university students of batch 2017, 2018, and 2019. The findings revealed that the most of the students (68.57%) perceived that the online grammar learning is not effective. The reasons are that they could not understand the materials easily when they learnt it online (65.71%), they could not interact with other friends to learn together (54.29%), they could not get grammar corrections from the teachers directly in online learning (37.14%), and they could not follow teachers' grammar explanation easily (37.14%). Besides that, the requirements that they needed to fulfill to use the applications for their online learning also becomes another problem in their grammar learning such as the applications used needed strong internet connections (65.71%), the applications required the students to have a large storage capacity in the device that they used for grammar learning (31.43%), and the applications required the students to have more than 1 gigabyte of internet quota (25.71%).