bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN E-MODUL BERBASIS MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM PADA PEMBELAJARAN GRAMATIK BAHASA JERMAN SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR MANDIRI
Authors: Nurfadzilah Vina , Sudarmaji Sudarmaji
Published: March 2024

The goals of this research were to 1) develop an Instagram-based e-module in German grammatical learning as a self-directed learning resource and 2) determine the feasibility of the Instagram-based e-module in German grammatical learning as a self-directed learning resource. This is a research and development using 4-D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). There were front-end analysis, student analysis, task analysis, concept analysis, and specification instructional objectives at the define stage. At the design stage, the initial design of e-module was made. At the develop stage, the expert validators provide assessments of the e-module followed by product testing and providing responses by German teacher and learners. In the last stage, the Instagram-based e- module in German grammatical learning as a self-directed learning resource was disseminated. The assesments obtained were 83% in the "very good" category from material validation, 92% in the "very good" category from media validation, 78% in the "good" category from German teacher response, and 87% in the "very good" category from learner responses. The average percentage generated was 85% so that the Instagram-based e-module in German grammatical learning got the "very good" category and is feasible to be used as a self-directed learning resource.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS BERITA
Authors: Wismanto Agus
Published: March 2024

Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan menghasilkan produk model pembelajaran project based learning dalam pembelajaran menulis berita. Prosedur penelitian ini mengikuti prosedur pengembangan Borg & Gall. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa dan dosen program studi PBSI di Universitas PGRI Semarang. Proses pengembangan ini menghasilkan produk berupa menghasilkan produk model pembelajaran project based learning dalam pembelajaran menulis berita yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data instrumen non tes yaitu angket yang diberikan kepada 2 orang ahli materi dan 2 orang ahli media. Hasil kelayakan produk menghasilkan produk model pembelajaran project based learning dalam pembelajaran menulis berita dengan menggunakan skala likert berupa skor 1-5 adalah sebagai berikut: a) Hasil validasi oleh ahli materi diperoleh skor sebesar 81,54% yaitu termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak; b) Hasil validasi oleh ahli media diperoleh skor sebesar 78,4% yang termasuk dalam kategori layak. Berdasarkan hasil kelayakan dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk model pembelajaran project based learning layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran menulis berita.
KEMAMPUAN MENYIMAK MAHASISWA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HASIL TES UJI KEMAHIRAN BERBAHASA INDONESIA (UKBI)
Authors: Yanti Nafri , Wulandari Catur , Hiasa Fina , Hararahap Safinatul Hasanah
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan menyimak mahasiswa yang diperoleh dari hasil Uji Kemahiran Berbahasa Indonesia (UKBI) di provinsi Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa selama tahun 2022 mahasiswa yang melaksanakan UKBI di Kantor  Bahasa provinsi Bengkulu sebanyak 175 mahasiswa. Dari 175 mahasiswa tersebut rata-rata skor keterampilan menyimakkan mahasiswa adalah 472 yang artinya berada pada peringkat 5 yaitu semenjana. Predikat ini menunjukkan bahwa peserta uji memiliki kemahiran yang cukup memadai dalam berkomunikasi dengan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia, baik lisan maupun tulis. Namun dalam berkomunikasi untuk keperluan keilmiahan, yang bersangkutan sangat terkendala. Untuk keperluan keprofesian dan kemasyarakatan yang kompleks, yang bersangkutan masih mengalami kendala, tetapi tidak terkendala untuk keperluan keprofesian dan kemasyarakatan yang tidak kompleks. Hal ini juga masih jauh dari standar tentang standar kemahiran berbahasa indonesia yang telah dirumuskan pemerintah pada  Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 70 Tahun 2016. Berdasarkan peraturan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kategori semenjana atau kategori di bawahnya  diperuntukan untuk profesi teknisi, asisten ahli, juru masak, petani, peternak, nelayan, pekerja bangunan,tukang kayu, operator mesin, perakit mesin, sopir, pramuwisma, tenaga kebersihan, buruh, pengasuh bayi dan penjaga kebun. Diperlukan berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menyimak mahasiswa diantaranya meningkatkan intesitas mahasiswa untuk berlatih menyimak.
APRESIASI UNSUR INSTRINSIK TEKS DRAMA MAHKAMAH KARYA ASRUL SANI
Authors: Shomary Sudirman , Yuliawan Tri , Roziah Roziah , Sudirman Nurul Aini
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi dan data tentang kemampuan dan pembelajaran siswa di SMA Negeri 2 Dumai. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII MIPA 5 SMA Negeri 2 Dumai berjumlah 36 orang, ditambah dengan 1 orang guru Bahasa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teori yang dipakai adalah teori atau pendapat Suroto (1990), Pratiwi (2014), Mariana (2009), dan Yusana (2013). Teknik yang dipakai adalah teknik tes dan wawancara. Memahami unsur intrinsik drama sebagai bagian sastra merupakan salah satu kompetensi dasar yang harus dipelajari di tingkat SMA Negeri 2 Dumai kelas XII MIPA 5. Melalui pembelajaran ini, siswa diharapkan mampu memahami unsur intrinsik drama dari pementasan drama tersebut. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan bahwa tes kemampuan siswa dengan nilai rata-rata 91,54% berkategori sangat baik. Sedangkan pembelajarannya berkaitan dengan perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi berkategori sangat baik.
Sosialisasi Bahaya Penggunaan Merkuri Pada Penambangan Emas Skala Kecil Desa Air Mangga Kec Obi Kab Halmahera Selatan Provinsi Maluku Utara
Authors: Alkatiri Hilda
Published: March 2024

Pertambangan sering dianggap sebagai salah satu kegiatan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dan perbaikan kualitas hidup. Namun disisi lain kegiatan penambangan emas yang menggunakan bahan kimia berbahaya dapat pula berdampak negatif, pada kegiatan usaha penambangan emas skala kecil (PESK), pengolahan bijih emas dilakukan dengan proses amalgamasi dimana Merkuri (Hg) digunakan sebagai media untuk mengikat emas. Banyak kegiatan penambangan yang mengundang sorotan masyarakat sekitarnya karena pengrusakan lingkungan, apalagi untuk kegiatan pertambangan rakyat, selain merusak lingkungan juga membahayakan jiwa penambang. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia menetapkan Peraturan Presiden No. 21 Tahun 2019 tentang Rencana Aksi Nasional Pengurangan dan Penghapusan Merkuri (RAN-PPM). Target dari PKM ini adalah adanya transfer pengetahuan tentangbahaya merkuri bagi Kesehatan, lingkungan dan secara hukum merkuri merupakan barang illegal, Kegiatan-kegiatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk penghapusan merkuri di sektor PESK, antara lain adanya regulasi/kebijakan pemerintah, alih teknologi pengolahan emas, alih mata pencaharian, dan sosialisasi stop penggunaan merkuri. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan ini adalah sosialisasi bahaya penggunaan merkuri kepada masyarakat. Kelompok sasaran kampanye di Desa Air Mangga meliputi guru dan siswa SDN 285 Halsel (Kelas 4, 5, dan 6), masyarakat terdampak PESK, dan tenaga polindes dan kader, melalui kegiatan ini diharapkan pesan mengenai bahaya merkuri bagi kesehatan,lingkungan, hukum serta kerugian ekonomi dapat dipahami, sehingga kedepannya dapat merubah perilaku untuk tidak menggunakan merkuri dalam pengolahan emas.
Overweight and Obesity among University Student: Cross Sectional Study Exposes Association with Food Habit and Physical Activity
Authors: Pudjijuniarto Pudjijuniarto , Sholikhah Anindya Maratus , Yuliastrid Dita , Yuhantini Eva Ferdita , Putera Shidqi Hamdi Pratama
Published: March 2024

This study aims to investigate the association between food habit, physical activity, and nutritional status in university students. Cross sectional study was conducted on 62 undergraduate university students (22 males, 40 females, 20.82 ± 2.52 years) enrolled from five departments. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to measure physical activity level. Evaluation of food habit was collected through a validated Recommended Foods Score which has been adapted to measure diet quality in general with a focus on healthy food intake. Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney test were done to compare the measured variables between sport major and non-sport major student. Spearman correlation was performed to examine the association between measured variables. The results showed that more than one-fifth of total subjects (21%) were overweight. Food habit is associated with body mass index (p=0.005) and METs score (p=0.032). Lastly, physical activity was positively associated with BMI (p=0.004). From the findings it can be conclude that balance amount of healthy food and actively engage in physical activity can contribute to lower BMI, as well as maintain health and well-being. This also happens to adolescent population, include university students an age group which could be addressed to prevent several health problems.
Association Between Physical Fitness, Body Fat, BMI, and Physical Activity Level with Learning Outcomes in Elementary School Students
Authors: Adi Sapto , Hanief Yulingga Nanda , Widiawati Prisca , Panganiban Teejay D. , Muslim Budi Ariyanto
Published: March 2024

The main problem in achieving learning outcomes in physical subjects at the primary school level is very complex. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical fitness, body fat, BMI, and physical activity levels with physical education learning outcome in elementary school students. A cross-sectional study was conducted to answer the research questions. This study involved 27 students (Aged 10.820.79) from elementary schools in Malang City, Indonesia. Instruments to determine physical fitness include endurance (PACER Test), flexibility (V sit and reach), and strength (sit-ups and squat thrust), the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test was used to determine body fat and Body Mass Index (BMI), and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) was used to determine physical activity levels. The research result showed that physical fitness, body fat, BMI, and physical activity level were closely related to learning outcomes (R of 0.821), but only physical fitness influences physical fitness (Sig. < 0.05), while body fat, BMI, and physical activity level had no effect. In conclusion, students with good physical fitness tend to get good learning outcomes, so the physical education curriculum must accommodate physical activities that can increase the physical fitness level of students. Future research on academic success factors needs to be investigated, especially schools need to promote movement-based activities to support academic success.
Conducting Court Proceedings in Contested Divorce Cases for Persons with Disabilities at Class 1a Malang Religious Court
Authors: Kilihu Lia Rosa Fauziah , Muhibbin Moh. , Suratman Suratman , Ilmania Nurika Falah
Published: March 2024

: People with disabilities often receive unequal treatment, especially in the justice process. People with disabilities have equal rights in everything, including the legal process. However, there are barriers for persons with disabilities in the Religious Court of Malang. The purpose of this writing is to find out the obstacles and efforts that occur to persons with disabilities during the legal process.  The research method used is empirical juridical, by conducting interviews or observations at the Malang Class 1A Religious Court.  In this study, it was found that the barriers to lawyering in the Malang Religious Court were insufficient facilities for persons with disabilities, such as the use of language in communication for persons with disabilities. The purpose of legal services for persons with disabilities when dealing with the law in the Religious Courts is to realize inclusive religious justice services. The obstacles in Religious Court of Malang continue to be pursued optimally and gradually by the Malang Religious Court through capacity building for human resources to understand disabilities within the scope of the court which is needed as part of excellent service, which aims to provide information and information to parties with disabilities without hesitation.
Keywords: People with Disabilities; Judiciary; Religious Court of Malang.
Teaching Moral Values Through Real-life Dilemmas
Authors: Balakrishnan Vishalache
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to contribute to contemporary debates about alternative ways of teaching Moral Education (ME) in Malaysia by including the voice of students. ME in the Malaysian setting is both complex and compulsory. The research is founded on a modified version of Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), extended to suit the multicultural, multi-ethnic Malaysian setting, and here called the Zone of Collaborative Development (ZCD). This study uses qualitative research methodology consisting of a modified framework of participatory action research (PAR) as the methodological framework. Data was gathered for textual analysis through a modified form of participant observation, focus group transcripts, interviews, and student journals. Findings show that students were concerned about moral issues and values not covered in the current ME curriculum. The moral dilemmas that they identified were relational and context dependent. Multiple factors contributed to the problems they described.
Evaluation of Bone Microstructure Parameters by Using Tomographic Methods and Compressive Strength Estimation
Authors: Kaya Sema , Koç Alaettin
Published: March 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microstructure of the mandible by micro computed tomography (µCT), cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and computed tomography (CT) and to estimate the compressive strength of the bone based on the values obtained by these methods.
Methods: Thirty specimens obtained from ex-vivo sheep mandible were scanned by µCT cone beam computed tomography and computed tomography. These specimens were also subjected to compression testing and compression strength values were calculated. Morphometric parameters were evaluated using ImageJ software Bland-Altman lower upper bound agreement and ICC coefficient were used to evaluate the agreement between the tomography methods used and the gold standard. Linear and multivariate stepwise regression analysis was performed to calculate the compression strength value based on the radiomorphometric parameters. Statistical significance level was accepted as .05.
Results: Bone Surface/Total Volume, Bone Volume/Total Volume and Degree of Anistoropy parameters evaluated by CBCT and Fractal Dimension parameter evaluated by CT showed a statistically significant agreement with the gold standard method µCT. Bone Volume/Total Volume and Degree of Anistoropy parameters obtained with µCT (R2:0.75), Bone Volume/Total Volume, Degree of Anistoropy , Connectivity Density parameters (R2:0.62), and the Structure Model Index parameter (R2:0.13) obtained by CT can be used to predict the compression strength value.
Conclusion: Bone compression strength can be estimated by CBCT and µCT methods in a desired level. Bone Volume/Total Volume and Degree of Anistoropy parameters are significant determinants of bone mechanical property in not only µCT but also CBCT method.
Development and validation of a scale for dependence on artificial intelligence in university students
Authors: Morales-García Wilter C. , Sairitupa-Sanchez Liset Z. , Morales-García Sandra B. , Morales-García Mardel
Published: March 2024

Background

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has permeated various aspects of daily life, including education, specifically within higher education settings. These AI technologies have transformed pedagogy and learning, enabling a more personalized approach. However, ethical and practical concerns have also emerged, including the potential decline in cognitive skills and student motivation due to excessive reliance on AI.

Objective

To develop and validate a Scale for Dependence on Artificial Intelligence (DIA).

Methods

An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to identify the underlying structure of the DIA scale, followed by a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to assess and confirm this structure. In addition, the scale’s invariance based on participants’ gender was evaluated.

Results

A total of 528 university students aged between 18 and 37 years (M = 20.31, SD = 3.8) participated. The EFA revealed a unifactorial structure for the scale, which was subsequently confirmed by the CFA. Invariance analyses showed that the scale is applicable and consistent for both men and women.

Conclusion

The DAI scale emerges as a robust and reliable tool for measuring university students’ dependence on AI. Its gender invariance makes it applicable in diverse population studies. In the age of digitalization, it is essential to understand the dynamics between humans and AI to navigate wisely and ensure a beneficial coexistence.
Exploring the potential of a game-based preschool assessment of mathematical competencies
Authors: Chatzaki Maria-Aikaterini , Skillen Johanna , Ricken Gabriele , Seitz-Stein Katja
Published: March 2024

Background

Early mathematical competencies are foundational for later academical development. There is a need for valid and resource-saving approaches to assess those skills. The House of Numbers (HoN) is a newly developed linear board game that allows the assessment of preschool early mathematical competencies. This article aims to examine aspects of this 24-item screening such as its reliability and validity, and whether it can successfully identify children at risk of developing math difficulties. It also aims to explore children’s perceptions of the game-based HoN compared to a typical preschool math test.

Methods

A sample of 147 German preschoolers (Mage = 5 years 10 months, SDage = 5 months) was evaluated with the HoN and with a standard instrument for assessing early mathematical competencies (MARKO-D). Additionally, a subsample of n = 47 children rated their perception of both tools.

Results

The results speak against an effect of the game-setting on the children’s performance. Regarding the aspects of the reliability and the validity of the HoN, both tools were sensitive to age differences between 5- and 6-year-old children. The high correlation between the two assessments speaks for the convergent validity of the HoN. Furthermore, an item analysis based on the Rasch model showed excellent results for all items of the new game-based approach. The distribution of the items on the logit measurement ruler of the Person-Item Map confirms, with only a few explainable exceptions, the developmental levels of the model the HoN is based on. A high person and item reliability confirm the internal consistency of the HoN. Regarding the diagnostic validity of the HoN, running a receiver operating characteristic curve resulted in a superior discrimination area under the curve. A sample relevant cut-off z-score was specified. Using this score as an indicator of low math performance resulted in high sensitivity, specificity and a high relative improvement over chance index. In addition, children’s explorative assessment of perception speaks in favor of the game-based assessment.

Conclusion

All in all, the findings suggest, that the game-based measurement HoN can be a reliable, valid, time-saving, and attractive option for assessing early mathematical competencies in preschool settings.
Plant interactions with arthropods and pathogens at Sanzenbacher Ranch, early Permian of Texas, and implications for herbivory evolution in Southwestern Euramerica
Authors: Dos Santos Thamiris Barbosa , Labandeira Conrad C. , Pinheiro Esther Regina de Souza , Iannuzzi Roberto
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The Sanzenbacher Ranch deposit represents an early Permian plant assemblage in north-central Texas predominantly composed of pteridosperms, of which callipterids are dominant. This study investigates the interactions of a taxonomically broad range of plant hosts with insects, mites, and pathogens to assess the richness and frequency of damage.

Methods

We used standard methods of the functional feeding group--damage type system and analyses graphically illustrated as nonmetric multidimensional scaling.

Results

Of the total surface area represented, we quantified the fraction of the area herbivorized, providing a comparative perspective with regard to several similar studies of herbivory at nearby plant assemblages from the late Paleozoic. To assess insect herbivory, 1,361 plant specimens were analyzed, including fronds, leaves, reproductive structures, axes, and wood impressions. A total of 205 specimens presented one or more instances of insect herbivory (11.17%). Callipterid-peltasperms exhibited the highest number of interactions, with Autunia conferta, Rhachiphyllum schenkii, cf. Lodevia sp., cf. Comia sp., and an unidentified callipterid accounting for 49.34% of all interactions. Medullosans represented 10.53%, followed by lyginopterids with 8.55%. Forty-eight damage types (DTs) were recognized and classified into the nine functional feeding groups of hole feeding, margin feeding, surface feeding, piercing and sucking, oviposition, galling, seed predation, borings, and pathogens.

Discussion

When compared to analogous late Paleozoic plant assemblages in Texas, Sanzenbacher Ranch exhibited almost all herbivore functional feeding groups, high richness of DTs, and low herbivory index of 0.26. This record shows high plant diversity in a seasonally dry environment that supports a trend of an early Permian increase in DT diversity in southwestern Euramerica. Sanzenbacher Ranch, different from other early Permian plant assemblages, sheds light on the dynamic ecological interactions of these ancient ecosystems.
Role of CD38 in anti-tumor immunity of small cell lung cancer
Authors: Taniguchi Hirokazu , Chavan Shweta S. , Chow Andrew , Chan Joseph M. , Mukae Hiroshi , Rudin Charles M. , Sen Triparna
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with or without chemotherapy has a very modest benefit in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). SCLC tumors are characterized by high tumor mutation burden (TMB) and low PD-L1 expression. Therefore, TMB and PD-L1 do not serve as biomarkers of ICB response in SCLC. CD38, a transmembrane glycoprotein, mediates immunosuppression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this brief report, we highlight the potential role of CD38 as a probable biomarker of immunotherapy response in SCLC.

Methods

We evaluated the role of CD38 as a determinant of tumor immune microenvironment in SCLC with bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analyses and protein assessments of clinical samples and preclinical models, including CD38 in vivo blockade.

Results

In SCLC clinical samples, CD38 levels were significantly correlated with the gene expression of the immunosuppressive markers FOXP3, PD-1 and CTLA-4. CD38 expression was significantly enhanced after chemotherapy and ICB treatment in SCLC preclinical models and clinical samples. A combination of cisplatin/etoposide, ICB, and CD38 blockade delayed tumor growth compared to cisplatin/etoposide.

Conclusion

Our study provides a preliminary but important direction toward exploring CD38 as a potential biomarker of ICB response and CD38 blockade as a combination strategy for chemo-immunotherapy in SCLC.
Fever of unknown origin associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Tong Xu , Zhan Tao , Dong Xiaoqin , Xu Dong
Published: March 2024

Since the approval for the treatment of melanoma in 2014, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the therapy pattern across various malignancies. Coinciding with their frequent usage, their adverse effects, including fever, cannot be neglected. In the context of cancer diseases and cancer treatments, fever of unknown origin (FUO), which has long posed a challenge for clinicians in terms of diagnosis and management, brings forth new connotation and significance. In this paper review, we present the concept of ICIs-associated FUO, consider activated immune system and elevated cytokines as common mechanisms by which ICIs induce fever and various immune-related adverse events (irAEs), summarize and compare the primary etiologies of ICI-associated FUO, and compare it with conventional types of FUO.
The roles of river discharge and sea ice melting in formation of freshened surface layers in the Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian seas
Authors: Osadchiev Alexander , Kuskova Ekaterina , Ivanov Vladimir
Published: March 2024

Wide areas of the Siberian Arctic shelf are covered by freshened surface water layers, which are among the largest in the World Ocean. River discharge is the main freshwater source for formation of these layers; therefore, they are commonly referred to as river plumes (the Ob-Yenisei plume in the Kara Sea and the Lena plume in the Laptev and East Siberian seas). The contribution of sea ice meltwater (SIM) to the Ob-Yenisei and Lena plumes is pointed out to be small, albeit its actual volume remains unknown. In this study, we use a novel dataset of satellite-derived sea ice thickness in the Arctic Ocean during the melt period to quantify the annual volume of SIM, which was received by the Ob-Yenisei and Lena plumes during 2012–2020. We reveal that SIM is a significant source for the Lena plume providing, on average, 20% of total annual freshwater content. Moreover, the share of SIM in the Lena plume shows large inter-annual (14%–29%) variability, i.e., during certain years, SIM provides almost one-third of freshwater volume of the Lena plume. This variability is governed by inter-annual variability of ice thickness, as well as seasonal variability of sea ice melting conditions. Conversely, the contribution of SIM to the Ob-Yenisei plume is relatively low (8% on average), and its total annual share varies from 6% to 11% during the study period. This difference is mainly caused by significantly smaller area of the Ob-Yenisei plume as compared with the Lena plume. The forecasted earlier onset of ice melting in the Arctic Ocean in future decades due to climate change could decrease the contribution of SIM to the Ob-Yenisei plume, whereas its influence on the Lena plume remains unclear.
Analyzing changes in parkinsonian speech over time: a diachronic experimental phonetics study
Authors: Pettorino Massimo , Maffia Marta
Published: March 2024

In this contribution the use of web resources for the longitudinal study of speech rhythm of a ‘well-known’ person diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, the American actor Alan Alda, is proposed. A corpus of 20 speech samples produced in the period between 1979 and 2021 was collected from the web. A rhythmical analysis was conducted, based on two parameters: the percentage of vocalic portion on the total duration of the utterance (%V) and the VtoV, the mean duration of the interval between two consecutive vowel onset points. The results of this study confirm an early alteration of rhythm in parkinsonian speech, with an abnormal increase of %V, already occurring some years before the clinical diagnosis. The observation of speech rhythm variation can therefore be considered as the basis for the realization of a sustainable and non-invasive procedure in support to early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease.
Organellar-genome analyses from the lycophyte genus Isoetes L. show one of the highest frequencies of RNA editing in land plants
Authors: Pereira Jovani Bernardino de Souza , Oliveira Renato Renison Moreira , Vasconcelos Santelmo , Dias Mariana Costa , Caldeira Cecı́lio Frois , Quandt Dietmar , Oliveira Guilherme , Prado Jefferson
Published: March 2024

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process that challenges the central dogma of molecular biology by modifying RNA sequences, introducing nucleotide changes at specific sites, and generating functional diversity beyond the genomic code, especially when it concerns organellar transcripts. In plants, this phenomenon is widespread, but its extent varies significantly among species and organellar genomes. Among land plants, the heterosporous lycophytes (i.e., Isoetes and Selaginella) stand out for their exceptionally high numbers of RNA-editing sites, despite their morphological stasis and ancient lineage. In this study, we explore the complete set of organellar protein-coding genes in the aquatic plant group Isoetes, providing a detailed analysis of RNA editing in both the mitochondrial and plastid genomes. Our findings reveal a remarkable abundance of RNA editing, particularly in the mitochondrial genome, with thousands of editing sites identified. Interestingly, the majority of these edits result in non-silent substitutions, suggesting a role in fine-tuning protein structure and function. Furthermore, we observe a consistent trend of increased hydrophobicity in membrane-bound proteins, supporting the notion that RNA editing may confer a selective advantage by preserving gene functionality in Isoetes. The conservation of highly edited RNA sequences over millions of years underscores the evolutionary significance of RNA editing. Additionally, the study sheds light on the dynamic nature of RNA editing, with shared editing sites reflecting common ancestry whereas exclusive edits matching more recent radiation events within the genus. This work advances our understanding of the intricate interplay between RNA editing, adaptation, and evolution in land plants and highlights the unique genomic features of Isoetes, providing a foundation for further investigations into the functional consequences of RNA editing in this enigmatic plant lineage.
Short impact on soil microbiome of a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 based product that correlates with higher potato yield across USA
Authors: Adamo Irene , Acin-Albiac Marta , Röttjers Sam , de Prado Diego Rodríguez , Benito Blas M. , Zamora Jorge , Godara Rakesh , García-Jiménez Beatriz , Jiang-Rempel Panpan , Cline Lauren C. , Acedo Alberto
Published: March 2024

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is considered one of the most widely consumed crops worldwide, due to its high yield and nutritional profile, climate change-related environmental threats and increasing food demand. This scenario highlights the need of sustainable agricultural practices to enhance potato productivity, while preserving and maintaining soil health. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) stimulate crop production through biofertilization mechanisms with low environmental impact. For instance, PGPB promote biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, production of phytohormones, and biocontrol processes. Hence, these microbes provide a promising solution for more productive and sustainable agriculture. In this study, the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 based-product (MINUET™, Bayer) were assessed in terms of yield, soil microbiome, potato peel and petiole nutrient profile as a promising PGPB in a wide range of potato cultivars across the United States of America. Depending on the location, potato yield and boron petiole content increased after biostimulant inoculation to maximum of 24% and 14%, respectively. Similarly, nutrient profile in potato peel was greatly improved depending on the location with a maximum of 73%, 62% and 36% for manganese, zinc and phosphorus. Notably, fungal composition was shifted in the treated group. Yield showed strong associations with specific microbial taxa, such as Pseudoarthrobacter, Ammoniphilus, Ideonella, Candidatus Berkiella, Dongia. Moreover, local networks strongly associated with yield, highlighting the important role of the native soil microbiome structure in indirectly maintaining soil health. Our results showed that treatment with B. amyloliquefaciens based product correlated with enhanced yield, with minor impacts on the soil microbiome diversity. Further studies are suggested to disentangle the underlying mechanisms of identified patterns and associations.
Field-based measurement tools to distinguish clonal Typha taxa and estimate biomass: a resource for conservation and restoration
Authors: Ohsowski Brian M. , Redding Cassidy , Geddes Pamela , Lishawa Shane C.
Published: March 2024

Two species of clonal Typha [T. latifolia (native) and T. angustifolia (exotic)] hybridize to form the highly invasive, heterotic (high vigor) T. × glauca in North American wetlands leading to increased primary production, litter accumulation, and biodiversity loss. Conservation of T. latifolia has become critical as invasive Typha has overwhelmed wetlands. In the field, Typha taxa identification is difficult due to subtle differences in morphology, and molecular identification is often unfeasible for managers. Furthermore, improved methods to non-destructively estimate Typha biomass is imperative to enhance ecological impact assessments. To address field-based Typha ID limitations, our study developed a predictive model from 14 Typha characters in 7 northern Michigan wetlands to accurately distinguish Typha taxa (n = 33) via linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of molecularly identified specimens. In addition, our study developed a partial least squares regression (PLS) model to predict Typha biomass from field collected measurements (n = 75). Results indicate that two field measurements [Leaf Counts, Longest Leaf] can accurately differentiate the three Typha taxa and advanced-generation hybrids. The LDA model had a 100% correct prediction rate of T. latifolia. The selected PLS biomass prediction model (sqrt[Typha Dry Mass] ~ log[Ramet Area at 30 cm] + Inflorescence Presence + Total Ramet Height + sqrt[Organic Matter Depth]) improved upon existing simple linear regression (SLR) height-to-biomass predictions. The rapid field-based Typha identification and biomass assessment tools presented in this study advance targeted management for regional conservation of T. latifolia and ecological restoration of wetlands impacted by invasive Typha taxa.
Nursing students’ knowledge regarding sexuality, sex, and gender diversity in a multicenter study
Authors: Santiago Conceição , Guerra Açucena , Carreira Teresa , Palma Sara , Bia Florbela , Pérez-Pérez Jorge , Frias Ana , Gómez-Cantarino Sagrario , Dias Hélia
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Sexuality is an integral part of development and personality, and is important in healthcare. Nurses are among the most representative healthcare professionals. For holistic and inclusive nursing care practice and to improve equality, human rights, well-being, and health of individuals, the curricula of nursing courses must integrate broad knowledge about sexuality and its diversity. This study aimed to identify and analyze nursing students’ knowledge of sexuality, sex, and gender diversity. The present study was part of a multicenter study conducted in Europe.

Methods

Questionnaires were administered in three nursing schools to assess nursing students’ knowledge (n = 75). Data processing was performed using Excel® software version 20 and IRaMuTeQ (R Interface pour les Analysis Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires) 0.7 alpha 2, allowing organization by category and subsequent thematic analysis using content analysis.

Results

The textual corpus “Nursing students’ knowledge about sexuality in its diversity,” was divided into two sub-corpus: “Students’ perception of sexuality” and “Students’ perception of gender identity,” originating Class 6 “Eroticism” (14.23%) and Classes 4 “Sexual Orientation” (16.07%) and 3 “Heteronormative” (16.07%), the latter with greater proximity to each other and consequently to Class 6. Similarly, Classes 1 “Gender” (20.36%) and 5 “Cisgender” (12.14%) also presented a greater interrelationship between themselves and consecutively with Class 2 “Gender Identity” (15.36%).

Discussion

The analyses revealed that though nursing students possessed knowledge about sexuality and its diversity, this knowledge was elementary and did not reveal a sustained appropriation of concepts related to sexuality, sexual orientation, and gender diversity. For some questions, the absence of students’ answers were noteworthy, and may be associated with their personal reservation in expressing themselves on this sensitive and intimate theme. To ensure diversity, inclusivity, and impartiality in nursing practice, it is imperative to change the curriculum plans of nursing courses to address the theme of sexuality during the training process of nurses in Europe.
The phenomenology of attentional control: a first-person approach to contemplative science and the issue of free will
Authors: Sparby Terje , Cysarz Dirk , Hornemann v. Laer David , Edelhäuser Friedrich , Tauschel Diethard , Weger Ulrich W.
Published: March 2024

There are two basic aspects of attentional control. The ability to direct attention toward different objects is typically experienced as a fundamental indicator of attentional freedom. One can control what one attends to and directing attention is a relatively simple task. In contrast, sustaining attention on a chosen object proves to be difficult as mind-wandering seems to be inevitable. Does the problem of sustaining attention, mean that we are fundamentally unfree? We discuss this issue in light of an introspective study of directing and sustaining attention, looking specifically into the question of whether it is possible to experience the source of attention, i.e., the subject enacting freedom through attention. The study involved six persons performing different attention tasks over the course of about a month. Common experiences and contrasting reports are presented. This forms the basis for a discussion of the method of introspection and in particular of how to approach conflicting reports.
Development and validation of an interview guide for examining the effects of sports careers on the quality of life of retired Portuguese football players
Authors: Teixeira Eduardo , Silva Carlos , Vicente António
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Considering the importance of assessing the impacts resulting from a sport career, this study aimed at developing and validating a semi-structure interview guide suitable for quantifying the sociodemographic and epidemiological profile of former professional football players.

Methods

Based on the theoretical frameworks and several methodological procedures, an interview guide was developed, consisting of 3 areas of conceptual organization (A1. Biographical data; A2. Professional Career; and A3. Post-Career Transition) and 8 data collection categories (C1. Personal data; C2. Professional data; C3. Sociodemographic background; C4. Epidemiological pathway; C5. Moment of career retirement (career transition); C6. Post-career sociodemographic pathway; C7. Post-career epidemiological pathway; and C8. Perceptions of post-career planning). Thus, in procedural terms, four stages were considered for the construction and validation of the interview guide, namely the Ad hoc construction of the interview guide (i), the review of the in-terview guide by a panel of experts (ii), definition of procedures and protocol for the application of the interview (iii), and the application of the pilot study for the face validation of the interview guide (iv). The sample consisted of two former Portuguese professional players.

Results and discussion

To analyze and discuss the data, a content analysis was carried out on all the answers given to each question in the script by the interviewees. From them, matrices were created with the response references to each subcategory. In this way, it was possible to analyse the type of answers given by the interviewees and relate them to the theoretical perspectives of the topic being investigated. The results showed that the interview guide for the study of the impacts of the sports careers on the quality of life of Portuguese former football players shows reliability for the collection of qualitative and quantitative information from the respective content analysis. The use of the interview guide characterizes the path of former player, providing information and knowledge on the sociodemographic and epidemiological impact factors resulting from their post-career.
Causal associations between severe mental illness and sepsis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Ruhao , Xiang Hongyu , Zheng Ting
Published: March 2024

Objective

SMI (severe mental illness) has been identified as a risk factor for sepsis in observational studies; however, the causal association between them has yet to be firmly established. We conducted MR (mendelian randomization) to unveil the causal relationship between SMI and sepsis as well as sepsis mortality.

Methods

GWAS (Genome-wide association) data for major depression and schizophrenia were selected as exposure. GWAS data for sepsis and sepsis mortality were selected as outcome. Genetic variants significantly associated with the exposure (P value<1x10-6) were selected as instruments. We primarily employed the IVW (inverse-variance weighted) method for analysis. Furthermore, we employed Cochrane’s Q test to assess heterogeneity and the MR-Egger intercept test to identify horizontal pleiotropy.

Results

We selected 108 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) used to predict major depression and 260 SNPs that predicted schizophrenia. Genetically predicted major depression was suggestively linked to a higher sepsis risk (OR=1.13, 95%CI 1.02-1.26, P=0.023). In contrast, MR analysis did not find an association between schizophrenia and sepsis risk (OR=1.00, 95%CI 0.97-1.04, P=0.811). Furthermore, no significant causal evidence was found for genetically predicted SMI in sepsis mortality. Moreover, no heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were detected.

Conclusion

Our research revealed a suggestive association between genetically predicted major depression and an elevated risk of sepsis in individuals of European ancestry. This finding can serve as a reminder for clinicians to consider the possibility of subsequent infection and sepsis in depressive patients, which may help reduce the incidence of sepsis in individuals with depression.
Have immigrant children been left behind in COVID-19 testing rates? – A quantitative study in the Lisbon metropolitan area between march 2020 and may 2023
Authors: Alves Iolanda B. , Panunzi Silvia , Silva António C. , Loesch Regina B. R. , Pereira Sofia C. R. , Martins M. Rosário O.
Published: March 2024

Immigrant children often encounter additional barriers in accessing health care than their peers. However, there is a lack of evidence globally regarding how migrant status may have affected access to COVID-19 testing during the pandemic. This study aimed to analyze migrant status as a determinant of COVID-19 testing rates among children in the Lisbon metropolitan area, Portugal. This cross-sequential study included 722 children aged 2–8 years (47% non-immigrants; 53% immigrants). We collected data from a national surveillance system on laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 tests conducted between March 2020 and May 2023 and assessed whether children were ever tested for COVID-19 and testing frequency. We employed robust and standard Poisson regression models to estimate Adjusted Prevalence Ratios and Relative Risks with 95% confidence intervals. A total of 637 tests were performed. Immigrant children had lower testing rates (53% vs. 48%) and fewer tests per child (median: 2 vs. 3). Moreover, they were 17% less likely to be ever tested (PR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.76–0.89) and performed 26% fewer tests (RR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67–0.82) compared to non-immigrant children. Caregiver’s age, education, employment status, child’s birth weight, and perceived health status were associated factors. Our findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has left immigrant children somewhat behind. We conclude that specific interventions targeting vulnerable populations, such as immigrant children, are needed in future health crises.
Critical perspective on infodemic and infodemic management in previous Ebola outbreaks in Uganda
Authors: Obol Sunday Jimmy , Nzedibe Okechi
Published: March 2024

This research investigates the complex dynamics of Uganda’s recent Ebola outbreaks, emphasizing the interplay between disease spread, misinformation, and existing societal vulnerabilities. Highlighting poverty as a core element, it delves into how socioeconomic factors exacerbate health crises. The study scrutinizes the role of political economy, medical pluralism, health systems, and informal networks in spreading misinformation, further complicating response efforts. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study aims to shed light on the multifaceted challenges faced in combating epidemics in resource-limited settings. It calls for integrated strategies that address not only the biological aspects of the disease but also the socioeconomic and informational ecosystems that influence public health outcomes. This perspective research contributes to a better understanding of how poverty, medical pluralism, political economy, misinformation, and health emergencies intersect, offering insights for future preparedness and response initiatives.
tachAId—An interactive tool supporting the design of human-centered AI solutions
Authors: Bauroth Max , Rath-Manakidis Pavlos , Langholf Valentin , Wiskott Laurenz , Glasmachers Tobias
Published: March 2024

In an era where Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration into business processes is crucial for maintaining competitiveness, there is a growing need for structured guidance on designing AI solutions that align with human needs. To this end, we present “technical assistance concerning human-centered AI development” (tachAId), an interactive advisory tool which comprehensively guides AI developers and decision makers in navigating the machine learning lifecycle with a focus on human-centered design. tachAId motivates and presents concrete technical advice to ensure human-centeredness across the phases of AI development. The tool's effectiveness is evaluated through a catalog of criteria for human-centered AI in the form of relevant challenges and goals, derived from existing methodologies and guidelines. Lastly, tachAId and one other comparable advisory tool were examined to determine their adherence to these criteria in order to provide an overview of the human-centered aspects covered by these tools and to allow interested parties to quickly assess whether the tools meet their needs.