bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of combined helium pre/post‐conditioning on the brain and heart in a rat resuscitation model
Authors: Aehling C. , Weber N. C. , Zuurbier C. J. , Preckel B. , Galmbacher R. , Stefan K. , Hollmann M. W. , Popp E. , Knapp J.
Published: November 2017

Background

The noble gas helium induces cardio‐ and neuroprotection by pre‐ and post‐conditioning. We investigated the effects of helium pre‐ and post‐conditioning on the brain and heart in a rat resuscitation model.

Methods

After approval by the Animal Care Committee, 96 Wistar rats underwent cardiac arrest for 6 min induced by ventricular fibrillation. Animals received 70% helium and 30% oxygen for 5 min before cardiac arrest and for 30 min after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Control animals received 70% nitrogen and 30% oxygen. Hearts and brains were excised after 2, 4 h or 7 days. Neurological degeneration was evaluated using TUNEL and Nissl staining in the hippocampal CA‐1 sector. Cognitive function after 7 days was detected with the tape removal test. Molecular targets were measured by infrared western blot. Data are shown as median [Interquartile range].

Results

Helium treatment resulted in significantly less apoptosis (TUNEL positive cells/100 pixel 73.5 [60.3–78.6] vs.78.2 [70.4–92.9] P = 0.023). Changes in Caveolin‐3 expression in the membrane fraction and Hexokinase‐II in the mitochondrial fraction were observed in the heart. Caveolin‐1 expression of treated animals significantly differed from control animals in the membrane fraction of the heart and brain after ROSC.

Conclusion

Treatment with helium reduced apoptosis in our resuscitation model. Differential expression levels of Caveolin‐1, Caveolin‐3 and Hexokinase II in the heart were found after helium pre‐ and post‐conditioning. No beneficial effects were seen on neurofunctional outcome.
Age of Alcohol Initiation and Progression to Binge Drinking in Adolescence: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Aiken Alexandra , Clare Philip J. , Wadolowski Monika , Hutchinson Delyse , Najman Jackob M. , Slade Tim , Bruno Raimondo , McBride Nyanda , Kypri Kypros , Mattick Richard P.
Published: November 2017

Background

Early alcohol initiation is common and has been associated with the development of alcohol problems. Yet, past research on the association of age of initiation with later problem drinking has produced inconsistent findings. Using prospective data from the Australian Parental Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study cohort, this study examined age of alcohol initiation, and of first drunkenness, and associations with subsequent drinking in adolescence.

Methods

A total of 1,673 parent–child dyads recruited through Australian secondary schools completed annual surveys for 5 years (grades 7 to 11). Limiting the sample to those adolescents who had initiated alcohol use by age 17 (n = 839), multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine associations between (i) age of initiation to alcohol use (consuming at least 1 full serve) and (ii) age of first drunkenness, and 2 outcomes: (i) binge drinking (consuming >4 standard drinks on a single occasion), and (ii) the total number of alcoholic drinks consumed in the past year, adjusted for a range of potential child, parent, family, and peer covariates.

Results

Fifty percent of adolescents reported alcohol use and 36% reported bingeing at wave 5 (mean age 16.9 years), and the mean age of initiation to alcohol use for drinkers was 15.1 years. Age of initiation was significantly associated with binge drinking and total quantity of alcohol consumed in unadjusted and adjusted models. Age of first drunkenness was associated with total quantity of alcohol consumed in unadjusted models but not adjusted models and was not associated with subsequent bingeing.

Conclusions

Initiating alcohol use earlier in adolescence is associated with an increased risk of binge drinking and higher quantity of consumption in late secondary school, supporting an argument for delaying alcohol initiation for as long as possible to reduce the risk for problematic use in later adolescence and the alcohol‐related harms that may accompany this use.
Ecophysiological responses of six coastal dune species along the eastern seaboard of South Africa
Authors: Naidoo Gonasageran
Published: November 2017

Ecophysiological responses of six co‐occurring dune species were investigated in a field study to determine whether they exhibit similar functional traits in response to environmental stressors. The species included Brachylaena discolor DC, Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.), Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl, Canavalia maritima (Aubl.) Thouars, Gazania rigens (L.) Gaertn. and Cyperus esculentis L. Carbon dioxide exchange was saturated at 1,800 μmol m−2 s−1 in S. plumieri and at 1,000–1,300 μmol m−2 s−1 in the others. Maximal CO2 exchange occurred during mid‐morning. Midday stomatal closure occurred in S. plumieri, C. monilifera and B. discolor, while stomatal regulation was achieved by maintaining low conductance. Photoinhibition was minimized by efficient mechanisms for light dissipation. Species such as S. plumieri, C. maritima and B. discolor exhibited sclerophylly, a trait for survival in saline and nutrient‐ and water‐deficient environments. Concentrations of Na+ and Cl−1 were high in C. monilifera, G. rigens, B. discolor and S. plumieri, while the high C:N ratio in S. plumieri and C. esculentis suggested nitrogen deficiency. The responses of the six species to environmental stressors in terms of light use, gas exchange, ion and water relations and degree of sclerophylly suggest similar strategies for survival in the dune environment.
The Humanitarian War Against Migrant Smugglers at Sea
Authors: Garelli Glenda , Tazzioli Martina
Published: November 2017

This paper engages with the military‐humanitarian technology of migration management from the vantage point of the European Union Naval Force Mediterranean (EUNAVFOR MED) “Operation Sophia”, the naval and air force intervention deployed by the EU in the Central Southern Mediterranean to disrupt “the business model of human smuggling and trafficking” while “protecting life at sea”. We look at the military‐humanitarian mode of migration management that this operation performs from three vantage points: logistics, with a focus on the infrastructure of migrant travels; subjectivity, looking at the migrant profiles this operation works through; and epistemology, building on the mission's first stage of intelligence and data gathering. Through this multi‐focal approach, we illuminate the productivity of this military‐humanitarian approach to the migration crisis in the Mediterranean.
Exposure‐response relationship of certolizumab pegol induction and maintenance therapy in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Vande Casteele N. , Feagan B. G. , Vermeire S. , Yassine M. , Coarse J. , Kosutic G. , Sandborn W. J.
Published: November 2017

Background

Therapeutic drug monitoring may optimize therapy for Crohn's disease (CD).

Aim

To use a population pharmacokinetic model that accounts for the time‐varying nature of covariates to simulate certolizumab pegol (CZP) concentrations to evaluate the exposure‐response relationship for CZP in Crohn's disease.

Methods

Adults (N = 2157) with Crohn's disease were treated with CZP in nine clinical trials. Simulated CZP concentrations were compared to outcomes at weeks 6 and 26, including Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) response (decrease from baseline ≥ 100 points), remission (CDAI ≤ 150), C‐reactive protein (CRP) ≤ 5 mg/L, faecal calprotectin (FC) ≤ 250 μg/g, and a composite endpoint of CDAI ≤ 150 and FC ≤ 250 μg/g. Multivariable analyses identified covariates associated with outcomes and receiver operating characteristic analyses determined optimal CZP concentrations.

Results

CZP concentrations at weeks 2, 4 and 6 were higher in patients with clinical response, remission, CRP ≤ 5 mg/L or FC ≤ 250 μg/g at week 6 than without. In multivariable analyses, higher CZP concentrations at week 6 were associated with the composite outcome at weeks 6 and 26 (P < .001). Although the exposure‐response relationship varied among patients, approximate CZP concentrations of at least 36.1 μg/mL (positive predictive value [PPV] 22.8% and negative predictive value [NPV] 92.7%) and at least 14.8 μg/mL (PPV 28.0% and NPV 90.4%) at weeks 6 and 12 were associated with weeks 6 and 26 outcomes.

Conclusions

An exposure‐response relationship was apparent for CZP in Crohn's disease and achieving higher CZP concentrations may increase the likelihood of attaining efficacy outcomes, but this remains to be evaluated prospectively.
Urological dysfunction in young women: an inheritance of childhood?
Authors: Costantini Elisabetta , Illiano Ester , Giannitsas Konstantinos , Prestipino Marco , Pastore Antonio Luigi , Carbone Antonio , Palleschi Giovanni , Balsamo Raffaele , Natale Franca , Villari Donata , Bini Vittorio , Maruccia Serena , Filocamo Maria‐Teresa , Zucchi Alessandro
Published: November 2017

Objective

To investigate the correlation of a history of lower urinary tract symptomatology during childhood with lower urinary tract dysfunction in young adult women.

Subjects and Methods

This was a multicentre, prospective, case–control study conducted between April 2013 and November 2015. A total of 300 women, aged 18–40 years, participated. The case group comprised women attending urogynaecology clinics for various lower urinary tract complaints and the control group was recruited from a healthy population. Exclusion criteria were designed to avoid common causes of lower urinary tract dysfunction and symptoms and included diabetes mellitus, neurological disease and pelvic inflammatory disease. All women completed a self‐administered 77‐item questionnaire, exploring childhood urological and bowel history, as well as current urological, bowel and sexual symptoms. Statistical analysis was performed using chi‐squared and Fisher's exact tests to compare categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression models were fit for the prediction of the adult outcomes, incorporating as explanatory variables all those that showed a significant P value in bivariate analysis. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

Women with childhood urinary voiding and storage symptoms had a higher prevalence of these symptoms in adult life compared with women without such history. Women with urinary tract infections (UTIs) during childhood had a higher incidence of adult UTIs compared with women without this problem in childhood.

Conclusions

Lower urinary tract dysfunction in childhood seems to ‘persist’ in young adult life but the implications of this finding in clinical practice need to be defined in future studies.
A note on the expected value of the Rand index
Authors: Steinley Douglas , Brusco Michael J.
Published: November 2017

Two expectations of the adjusted Rand index (ARI) are compared. It is shown that the expectation derived by Morey and Agresti (1984, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 44, 33) under the multinomial distribution to approximate the exact expectation from the hypergeometric distribution (Hubert & Arabie, 1985, Journal of Classification, 2, 193) provides a poor approximation, and, in some cases, the difference between the two expectations can increase with the sample size. Proofs concerning the minimum and maximum difference between the two expectations are provided, and it is shown through simulation that the ARI can differ significantly depending on which expectation is used. Furthermore, when compared in a hypothesis testing framework, multinomial approximation overly favours the null hypothesis.
Spatial analysis of cirques from three regions of Iceland: implications for cirque formation and palaeoclimate
Authors: Ipsen Heather A. , Principato Sarah M. , Grube Rachael E. , Lee Jessica F.
Published: November 2017

This study is a quantitative analysis of cirques in three regions of Iceland: Tröllaskagi, the East Fjords and Vestfirðir. Using Google Earth and the National Land Survey of Iceland Map Viewer, we identified 347 new cirques on Tröllaskagi and the East Fjords region, and combined these data with 100 cirques previously identified on Vestfirðir. We used ArcGIS to measure length, width, aspect, latitude and distance to coastline of each cirque. Palaeo‐equilibrium‐line altitudes (palaeo‐ELAs) of palaeo‐cirque glaciers were calculated using the altitude‐ratio method, cirque‐floor method and minimum‐point method. The mean palaeo‐ELA values in Tröllaskagi, the East Fjords and Vestfirðir are 788, 643 and 408 m a.s.l, respectively. Interpolation maps of palaeo‐ELAs demonstrate a positive relationship between palaeo‐ELA and distance to coastline. A positive relationship between palaeo‐ELA and latitude is observed on Vestfirðir, a negative relationship is observed on Tröllaskagi and no statistically significant relationship is present on the East Fjords. The modal orientation of cirques on Tröllaskagi and Vestfirðir is northeast, while orientation of cirques in the East Fjords is north. Palaeo‐wind reconstructions for the LGM show that modal aspect is aligned with the prevailing north‐northeast wind directions, although aspect measurements demonstrate wide dispersion. Cirque length is similar on Tröllaskagi and the East Fjords, but cirques are approximately 200 m shorter in Vestfirðir. Cirque widths are similar in all three regions. Comparisons with a global data set show that cirques in Iceland are smaller and more circular than cirques in other regions of the world. Similar to glaciers in Norway and Kamchatka, our results demonstrate that access to a moisture source is a key parameter in determining palaeo‐ELAs in Iceland. Temperatures interpreted from palaeo‐ELA depressions suggest that these cirques may have been glaciated as recently as the Little Ice Age.
A case study on a generalist service delivery model for street children in Durban, South Africa: Insights from the capability approach
Authors: Van Raemdonck Laura , Seedat‐Khan Mariam
Published: November 2017

This paper adopts a qualitative case study on the generalist service delivery model of I‐Care, a Durban‐based non‐governmental organization that works with male street children. Fifteen face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 10 I‐Care employees and 5 former street children. A focus group was set up with I‐Care employees. Although existing literature is forthright about a generalist approach for children at risk, it remains unclear how to implement this approach in practice. This paper reviews a continuity of 5 fundamental social work practices for working with street children: (a) outreach work, (b) child–family and child–community mediation, (c) transitory care centres and programmes, (d) brokerage, and (e) mentorship and follow‐ups. The study analyses how these practices contribute to the capability and agency expansion of the street children and outlines challenges that service providers and former street children experience. The main challenges acknowledged are balancing between the agency and protection of street children and the adaptation of children to street life. The study proposes intervention strategies to overcome these challenges.
ERK5 plays an essential role in gestational beta‐cell proliferation
Authors: Chen Congde , Wu Suichun , Lin Xiaokun , Wu Dazhou , Fischbach Shane , Xiao Xiangwei
Published: November 2017

Objectives

Restoring a functional beta‐cell mass is a fundamental goal in treating diabetes. A complex signalling pathway network coordinates the regulation of beta‐cell proliferation, although a role forERK5 in this network has not been reported. This question was addressed in this study.

Materials and methods

We studied the activation of extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) in pregnant mice, a well‐known mouse model of increased beta‐cell proliferation. A specific inhibitor ofERK5 activation,BIX02189, was intraperitoneally injected into the pregnant mice to suppressERK5 signalling. Beta‐cell proliferation was determined by quantification of Ki‐67+beta cells. Beta‐cell apoptosis was determined byTUNELassay. The extent of beta‐cell proliferation was determined by beta‐cell mass. The alteration ofERK5 activation and CyclinD1 levels in purified mouse islets was examined by Western blotting.

Results

Extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase 5 phosphorylation, which representsERK5 activation, was significantly upregulated in islets from pregnant mice. Suppression ofERK5 activation byBIX02189 in pregnant mice significantly reduced beta‐cell proliferation, without affecting beta‐cell apoptosis, resulting in increases in random blood glucose levels and impairment of glucose response of the mice.ERK5 seemed to activate CyclinD1 to promote gestational beta‐cell proliferation.

Conclusions

Extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase 5 plays an essential role in the gestational augmentation of beta‐cell proliferation.ERK5 may be a promising target for increasing beta‐cell mass in diabetes patients.
Low level laser therapy induces increased viability and proliferation in isolated cancer cells
Authors: Kara C. , Selamet H. , Gökmenoğlu C. , Kara N.
Published: November 2017

Objectives

Low level laser therapy (LLLT), which stimulates natural biological processes in the application region, is frequently used in dental treatments. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of LLLT which could activate precancerous cells or increase existing cancerous tissue in case of clinically undetectable situations.

Materials and methods

Saos‐2 osteoblast‐like osteosarcoma cells and A549 human lung carcinoma cells were used. Twenty‐four hours after preparation of cell culture plates, laser irradiation was performed 1, 2 and 3 times according to the test groups using Nd:YAG laser with the power output 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 W. Cell proliferation analysis was performed by MTT assay at the 24th hour following the last laser applications.

Results

Generally, it was observed that the proliferation rates increased as the number of applications increased, when compared to the controls, especially in those cases in which the irradiation was performed 2 or 3 times more.

Conclusion

The findings of this study have led to the conclusion that LLLT increases cancer cell proliferation, depending on the power output level of the laser and the number of applications. In addition to the proliferation and mitotic activity of the cancer tissue cells, we concluded that LLLT, which is frequently used in dental practice, could activate precancerous cells or increase existing cancerous tissue.
Revisiting chronic rejection following living donor liver transplantation in the tacrolimus era: A single center experience
Authors: Choudhary Narendra Singh , Saraf Neeraj , Saigal Sanjiv , Gautam Dheeraj , Rastogi Amit , Goja Sanjay , Bhangui Prashant , Srinivasan Thiagrajan , Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Soin Arvinder
Published: November 2017

Background and Aims

Chronic rejection (CR) is an uncommon but important cause of graft dysfunction, leading to graft loss and often requires retransplantation. This study evaluates the incidence and outcome of the patients with CR at a large living donor liver transplant (LDLT) center.

Methods

Data of patients with CR were retrospectively analyzed in 1232 adult (age >18 years) LDLT on tacrolimus (mainly)‐based immunosuppression. Sirolimus/everolimus (mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR] inhibitors) was added to baseline immunosuppression as rescue therapy in patients with CR. Data are shown as median (interquartile range [IQR]).

Results

Twenty‐three patients (22 males), aged 42 (IQR 45‐56) years, had biopsy‐proven chronic rejection at 21 (8‐44) months after liver transplantation. The incidence of chronic rejection was 1.9% in this cohort. The patients with CR (n = 23) had a significantly higher incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia, acute cellular rejection, and history of anastomotic biliary strictures as compared to patients without CR. Five patients were noncompliant with immunosuppression before the diagnosis of CR. Twelve patients (52%) responded to addition of mTOR inhibitors, whereas 11 did not respond and had poor outcome.

Conclusion

The incidence of chronic rejection is low in LDLT. Treatment with mTOR inhibitors can reverse graft dysfunction in approximately half of the patients.
Calcium hydroxide regulates transcription of the bone sialoprotein gene via a calcium‐sensing receptor in osteoblast‐like ROS 17/2.8 cells
Authors: Wang Shuang , Noda Keisuke , Yang Yuanyuan , Shen Zhengyan , Chen Zhen , Ogata Yorimasa
Published: November 2017

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a glycoprotein associated with mineralized tissues. In this study, we investigated the regulation of Bsp transcription by calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] in rat osteosarcoma‐derived osteoblast‐like ROS 17/2.8 cells and stromal bone marrow cells. Application of Ca(OH)2 (0.4 mM) increased the levels of runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and BspmRNAs at 3 and 6 h and the level of BSP protein at 12 h. Transient transfection analyses were performed using chimeric constructs encompassing different regions of the rat Bsp gene promoter ligated to a luciferase reporter gene. It was found that Ca(OH)2 increased the luciferase activities of the pLUC3 and pLUC4 constructs. Introduction of 2‐bp mutations to the luciferase construct showed that the effects of Ca(OH)2 were mediated by cAMP response‐element (CRE) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) response element (FRE). Luciferase activities induced by Ca(OH)2 were blocked by protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase A (PKA), phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3‐K), and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitors and by calcium‐sensing receptor (CASR) antagonists. Gel‐shift analyses showed that Ca(OH)2 increased binding of nuclear protein to CRE and FRE. Dexamethasone‐induced mineralization in stromal bone marrow cells was abrogated by CASR antagonists. These studies demonstrate that Ca(OH)2 regulates Bsp transcription via the CASR by targeting CRE and FRE in the rat Bsp gene promoter.
Factors to improve the interobserver agreement for gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia: consensus of definition and criteria
Authors: Kim Sung Sun , Kook Myeong‐Cherl , Shin Ok‐ran , Kim Hee Sung , Bae Han‐Ik , Seo An Na , Park Do Youn , Choi Il Ju , Kim Young‐Il , Nam Byung Ho , Kim Sohee
Published: November 2017

Aims

Intestinal metaplasia and atrophy of the gastric mucosa are associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and are considered premalignant lesions. The updated Sydney system is used for these parameters, but experienced pathologists and consensus processes are required for interobserver agreement. We sought to determine the influence of the consensus process on the assessment of intestinal metaplasia and atrophy.

Methods and results

Two study sets were used: consensus and validation. The consensus set was circulated and five gastrointestinal pathologists evaluated them independently using the updated Sydney system. The consensus of the definitions was then determined at the first consensus meeting. The same set was recirculated to determine the effect of the consensus. The second consensus meeting was held to standardise the grading criteria and the validation set was circulated to determine the influence. Two additional circulations were performed to assess the maintainance of consensus and intraobserver variability. Interobserver agreement of intestinal metaplasia and atrophy was improved through the consensus process (intestinal metaplasia: baseline κ = 0.52 versus final κ = 0.68, P = 0.006; atrophy: baseline κ = 0.19 versus final κ = 0.43, P < 0.001). Higher interobserver agreement in atrophy was observed after consensus regarding the definition (pre‐consensus: κ = 0.19 versus post‐consensus: κ = 0.34, P = 0.001). There was improved interobserver agreement in intestinal metaplasia after standardisation of the grading criteria (pre‐standardisation: κ = 0.56 versus post‐standardisation: κ = 0.71, P = 0.010).

Conclusions

This study suggests that interobserver variability regarding intestinal metaplasia and atrophy may result from lack of a precise definition and fine criteria, and can be reduced by consensus of definition and standardisation of grading criteria.
Gastrointestinal risk factors and prescribing pattern of antiulcer agents in patients taking low-dose aspirin in Japan
Authors: Iwasawa Makiko , Wada Kyoichi , Takada Mitsutaka
Published: November 2017

Objectives

To identify prescribing patterns of antiulcer agents in patients on low-dose aspirin (LDA) and to evaluate the number of gastrointestinal (GI) risk factors of the patients.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of patients taking LDA was conducted at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center in Japan. The rate of concomitant use of antiulcer agents and the risk of each patient to develop GI complications were evaluated.

Results

Of the 314 patients, 64 were not on antiulcer agents and 55 of them had >1 risk factor. More patients not on antiulcer agents had started LDA before hospitalization.

Conclusion

The rate of coprescribing antiulcer agents with LDA was high. However, the timing of initiating LDA therapy affected the prescribing pattern of antiulcer agents.
Leptin action in normal and pathological pregnancies
Authors: Pérez‐Pérez Antonio , Toro Ayelén , Vilariño‐García Teresa , Maymó Julieta , Guadix Pilar , Dueñas José L. , Fernández‐Sánchez Manuel , Varone Cecilia , Sánchez‐Margalet Víctor
Published: November 2017

Leptin is now considered an important signalling molecule of the reproductive system, as it regulates the production of gonadotrophins, the blastocyst formation and implantation, the normal placentation, as well as the foeto‐placental communication. Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted mainly by adipose tissue, and the placenta is the second leptin‐producing tissue in humans. Placental leptin is an important cytokine which regulates placental functions in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Leptin seems to play a crucial role during the first stages of pregnancy as it modulates critical processes such as proliferation, protein synthesis, invasion and apoptosis in placental cells. Furthermore, deregulation of leptin levels has been correlated with the pathogenesis of various disorders associated with reproduction and gestation, including polycystic ovary syndrome, recurrent miscarriage, gestational diabetes mellitus, pre‐eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Due to the relevant incidence of the mentioned diseases and the importance of leptin, we decided to review the latest information available about leptin action in normal and pathological pregnancies to support the idea of leptin as an important factor and/or predictor of diverse disorders associated with reproduction and pregnancy.
Endoplasmic reticulum in health and disease: the 12th International Calreticulin Workshop, Delphi, Greece
Authors: Charonis Aristidis S. , Michalak Marek , Groenendyk Jody , Agellon Luis B.
Published: November 2017

Starting from 1994, every 2 years, an international workshop is organized focused on calreticulin and other endoplasmic reticulum chaperones. In 2017, the workshop took place at Delphi Greece. Participants from North and South America, Europe, Asia and Australia presented their recent data and discussed them extensively with their colleagues. Presentations dealt with structural aspects of calreticulin and calnexin, the role of Ca2+ in cellular signalling and in autophagy, the endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response, the role of calreticulin in immune responses. Several presentations focused on the role of calreticulin and other ER chaperones in a variety of disease states, including haemophilia, obesity, diabetes, Sjogren's syndrome, Chagas diseases, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neurological malignancies (especially glioblastoma), haematological malignancies (especially essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis), lung adenocarcinoma, renal pathology with emphasis in fibrosis and drug toxicity. In addition, the role of calreticulin and calnexin in growth and wound healing was discussed, as well as the possible use of extracellular calreticulin as a marker for certain diseases. It was agreed that the 13th International Calreticulin Workshop will be organized in 2019 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Cognitive Function After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Reassuring Findings For Now
Authors: Talbot‐Hamon Catherine , Afilalo Jonathan
Published: November 2017

This editorial comments on the article by Khan et al.
Salivary α‐amylase as a marker of stress reduction in individuals with intellectual disability and autism in response to occupational and music therapy
Authors: Poquérusse J. , Azhari A. , Setoh P. , Cainelli S. , Ripoli C. , Venuti P. , Esposito G.
Published: November 2017

Background

Although the benefits of a range of disability‐centric therapies have been well studied, little remains known about how they work, let alone how to monitor these benefits in a precise and reliable way.

Methods

Here, in two independent studies, we examine how sessions consisting of occupational or music therapy, both widely recognised for their effectiveness, modulate levels of salivary α‐amylase (sAA), a now time‐ and cost‐efficient marker of stress, in individuals with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Pre‐session and post‐session levels of sAA were compared in both groups in response to therapy and control sessions.

Results

In comparison to control sessions, occupational therapy significantly dampened rises in sAA levels while music therapy significantly decreased baseline sAA levels, highlighting the ability of both types of therapy to reduce stress and by proxy contribute to enhancing overall well‐being.

Conclusions

Not only do these results confirm the stress‐reducing nature of two types of multisensory therapy, but they support the use of sAA as a potential tool for evaluating stress levels in individuals with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, providing an important physiological lens that may guide strategies in clinical and non‐clinical care for individuals with disabilities.
Delayed allergic hypersensitivity to hyaluronidase during the treatment of granulomatous hyaluronic acid reactions
Authors: Wu Lin , Liu Xiaoming , Jian Xingling , Wu Xia , Xu Ning , Dou Xia , Yu Bo
Published: November 2017

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is now extensively employed for esthetic concerns. In the majority of cases, HA is considered to be safe, but mild‐to‐severe complications can occur in a few cases. Hyaluronidase is enzymes that degrade HA, also being suggested for the treatment of HA filler‐induced complications. However, hyaluronidase has been reported to be a potential cause of allergic responses in some anesthetic and ophthalmic literature. However, there are few reports of allergic reactions to hyaluronidase in cosmetic medicine. We herein report on a 39‐year‐old Asian woman who developed a delayed allergic hypersensitivity to hyaluronidase in the treatment process of HA‐related granulomatous reaction.
Securely implementable social choice functions in divisible and nonexcludable public good economies with quasi‐linear utility functions
Authors: Nishizaki Katsuhiko
Published: November 2017

This paper studies the possibility of secure implementation (Saijo et al., 2007) in divisible and nonexcludable public good economies with quasi‐linear utility functions. In these economies, although Saijo et al. (2007) showed that the Groves mechanisms (Groves, 1973) are securely implementable when the valuation functions of the public good are (i) differentiable, concave, and (ii) identified with a real number, respectively, this paper shows the following negative result: securely implementable social choice functions are dictatorial or constant when the valuation functions of the public good are strictly increasing and strictly concave.
Association between height and periodontitis in Korean adults: Results from KNHANES IV and V
Authors: Shim S.‐H. , Han D.‐H.
Published: November 2017

Background and objective

Evidence shows that a short stature in adulthood is associated with chronic diseases. However, few studies have investigated the association between height and periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between adult height and periodontitis and to assess the roles of covariates in different birth cohorts of Korea.

Material and Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study using the data from the 4th and 5th Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. The subjects were grouped into 2 birth cohorts based on their historical and social context: born from 1946 to 1962 and from 1963 to 1978. The dependent variables were periodontitis and severe periodontitis, while the independent variable was the height quartile. Demographic factors (age and gender), socioeconomic position (own education, region and income), health behaviors (frequency of daily tooth brushing and smoking) and medical status (diabetes) were included. Logistic regression analyses estimated the association of adult height with periodontitis after sequential adjustments.

Results

The sample size of the final analysis was 18 010. The shortest quartile was associated with severe periodontitis (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.11‐2.16) in the 1963‐1978 birth cohort. The association remained after full adjustment in the 1963‐1978 birth cohort (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.01‐1.97).

Conclusion

Our study shows that there is an inverse association between height and severe periodontitis only in the younger Korean birth cohort. Our results support the impact of height, as an early childhood environmental indicator, on severe periodontitis in adulthood.
Environmental variables and diversity index as a tool for management in tropical man‐made lakes
Authors: Paul T. T. , Palaniswamy R. , Manoharan S. , Unnithan U. , Sarkar U. K. , Safeena P. K.
Published: November 2017

Fish and water samples were collected from various randomly situated sampling sites in two tropical man‐made lakes, Peechi and Pothundi reservoirs, in South India. The fish samples collected during 2014 to 2015 were taxonomically identified and the fish diversity indices of these reservoirs evaluated. The water samples collected were analysed for such environmental variables as pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentration, alkalinity, hardness, chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations. T‐tests indicated significant difference in both the fish diversity and environmental variables between these two reservoirs. The Pearson correlation test identified electrical conductivity as a highly correlated environmental variable to the ichthyodiversity index in Peechi and Pothundi reservoirs, with coefficients of 0.939 and 0.7012, respectively. Principal co‐ordinate analysis also was conducted on the variables to identify the best combination of variables subjective to the particular sampling site influencing the fish diversity. The analyses explained 72.8% of the total variations for Peechi reservoir, which was represented with eigenvalues of 7.53 and 3.393, respectively, for the first two dimensions. A similar analysis of Pothundi reservoir produced eigenvalues 7.05 and 3.01, respectively, for the first two dimensions, explaining 67.1% of the total inertia. The individual factor maps (IFM‐I and IFM‐II) for Peechi and Pothundi reservoirs identified a high diversity at sampling site 3 in Peechi reservoir, and a similar finding for sites 3 and 7 in Pothundi reservoir, being related to the interactions with other environmental variables, which were greatly influenced by the predominance of macrophytes. The latter is a characteristic of rainfed tropical reservoirs, with special reference to the native fish diversity and environmental variables. The findings of this study suggest management decisions for any aquatic system may be considered after prior assessment of environmental variables and the ichthyodiversity index of the indicated waterbody.
Law and the Building Blocks of the Familiar
Authors: Levitsky Sandra R.
Published: November 2017

This article draws on the insights offered by Francesca Polletta, Calvin Morrill, and Elizabeth Chiarello in their comments on my book, Caring for Our Own: Why There Is No Political Demand for New American Social Welfare Rights (2014) to further specify the conditions that unleash the emancipatory potential of law. I argue that much of law's emancipatory power lies in its capacity to “construct anew”—to demonstrate new solutions to social problems by connecting the familiar with the strange. Drawing on the case of child care, I find that laws do not automatically provide the cultural resources to construct new claims for state intervention, but that existing laws—and the symbols, narratives, and norms that we associate with them—serve as grist for the political imagination and can be transposed to new contexts or institutions. In the absence of cultural resources in one institution (such as work), advocates can use legal discourse to strategically shift responsibility for a social problem to a new institution (such as education), opening up possibilities for new models, organizational actors, constituencies, and frames.
Juvenile mycosis fungoides with large‐cell transformation: Successful treatment with psoralen with ultraviolet A light, interferon‐alfa, and localized radiation
Authors: Chan Warren H. , Lewis Daniel J. , Hinojosa Tiffany , Curry Jonathan L. , Duvic Madeleine
Published: November 2017

Mycosis fungoides with large‐cell transformation is historically associated with a poor prognosis. Pediatric cases of mycosis fungoides with large‐cell transformation are rare, with only three other cases reported in the literature. We present the first case of a child with almost complete remission of his mycosis fungoides with large‐cell transformation shortly after administration of psoralen plus ultraviolet A, interferon‐alfa, and localized radiation.
Reappraising Piero di Cosimo's serpents: the role of vipers in Renaissance Florence
Authors: Demeter Béla Jozsef
Published: November 2017

There are two works of Piero di Cosimo's which predominantly feature serpents, Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci (c. 1480–85) and Saint John the Evangelist (1504–05). For 500 years these snakes have been generally assumed to be vipers or asps. In fact, both snakes are drawn with such detail that they are recognizable as a harmless species of snake commonly occurring in Europe, the Western Whip Snake (Hierophis viridiflavus). If we can discern what Piero knew of these snakes and whether he made a conscious choice to not portray a venomous snake then that information might lead to a clearer understanding of his iconographic intent. A journey into Renaissance Florence reveals a citizenry in near‐constant fear of plague and a world where vipers took on an outsized significance due to their inclusion in a widespread antidote to the plague, theriac. As a result we find a populace – in particular, apothecaries, viper‐catchers and snakehandlers – that, from necessity, was more attuned to its snake fauna than we had imagined. This was a knowledge that Piero and other artists, due to their close association with apothecaries, would have had readily available to them and which may have informed their artistic choices.
Young athletes’ health knowledge system: Qualitative analysis of health learning processes in adolescent sportspersons
Authors: Rodríguez‐Serrano L. I. , Timpka T. , Ekberg J. , Dahlström Ö. , Jacobsson J.
Published: November 2017

Recognized side effects on health associated with sports participation in youth include overtraining, doping, and exposure to harassment and violence. Many of these effects originate in contexts where young athletes are beginning to make decisions about their sports practices on their own. This study sets out to explore knowledge and reasoning about health among adolescent athletes and to describe how health knowledge management structures are associated with different social systems. Qualitative data were collected from focus groups involving 65 young Swedish athletes aged 16‐17 years. The participants’ knowledge and reasoning about health were examined using a deductive thematic analysis, categories from Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives, and Luhmann's social systems theory. The meaning of health was found to have a dynamic character for the young athletes, associated with constantly striving to satisfy immediate needs and fulfill short‐time life goals. The athletes’ thinking about health was associated with a pragmatic “health‐as‐a‐resource” perspective, characterized by group self‐comparisons, rapid cognitive processing, and opportunistic substitutions. They expressed a particular interest in experiential learning and personally relevant procedural knowledge, and they perceived that their factual knowledge about health was saturated. The results of this study add emphasis to the importance of involving adolescent sportspersons in the development of health education programs and contextualizing the programs to the athletes’ specific age and social environment.
Asymmetry during Functional Movement Screening and injury risk in junior football players: A replication study
Authors: Chalmers S. , Debenedictis T. A. , Zacharia A. , Townsley S. , Gleeson C. , Lynagh M. , Townsley A. , Fuller J. T.
Published: November 2017

An indicator of movement quality and potential injury risk during Functional Movement Screen (FMS) testing is the presence of asymmetry when comparing the left and right sides of the body. The aim of the study was to investigate the reproducibility of the injury risk model proposed in our previous research (Chalmers et al. 2017; derivation study) that showed an increased injury risk for elite junior Australian football players demonstrating ≥2 asymmetrical FMS subtests. We used a direct replication design. Players underwent pre‐season FMS testing, and an injury surveillance system monitored 277 male participants during the subsequent regular season competition. Designated club officials monitored the weekly competition participation of players. The definition of an injury was “a trauma or medical condition which caused a player to miss a competitive game”. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the relationship between asymmetry and number of games played before first injury (ie, survival time). The level of reproducibility was determined according to statistical significance, effect size, and subjective assessment. Demonstrating asymmetry during FMS testing was not associated with a significant increase in prospective injury risk in the replication study (P > .05). Moreover, effect sizes (hazard ratios) from the derivation dataset were not within the 95% confidence intervals of the respective asymmetry predictor in the replication dataset. Subjectively, researchers were in agreement that the findings from the derivation data were not successfully reproduced. Clinicians and researchers should be cautious about using FMS asymmetry findings to derive injury risk for junior football players.
Effects of different endurance exercise modalities on migraine days and cerebrovascular health in episodic migraineurs: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hanssen H. , Minghetti A. , Magon S. , Rossmeissl A. , Rasenack M. , Papadopoulou A. , Klenk C. , Faude O. , Zahner L. , Sprenger T. , Donath L.
Published: November 2017

Aerobic exercise training is a promising complementary treatment option in migraine and can reduce migraine days and improve retinal microvascular function. Our aim was to elucidate whether different aerobic exercise programs at high vs moderate intensities distinctly affect migraine days as primary outcome and retinal vessel parameters as a secondary. In this randomized controlled trial, migraine days were recorded by a validated migraine diary in 45 migraineurs of which 36 (female: 28; age: 36 (SD:10)/BMI: 23.1 (5.3) completed the training period (dropout: 20%). Participants were assigned (Strata: age, gender, fitness and migraine symptomatology) to either high intensity interval training (HIT), moderate continuous training (MCT), or a control group (CON). Intervention groups trained twice a week over a 12‐week intervention period. Static retinal vessel analysis, central retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular (CRVE) diameters, as well as the arteriolar‐to‐venular diameter ratio (AVR) were obtained for cerebrovascular health assessment. Incremental treadmill testing yielded maximal and submaximal fitness parameters. Overall, moderate migraine day reductions were observed ( = .12): HIT revealed 89% likely beneficial effects (SMD = 1.05) compared to MCT (SMD = 0.50) and CON (SMD = 0.59). Very large intervention effects on AVR improvement ( = 0.27), slightly favoring HIT (SMD=‐0.43) over CON (SMD=0), were observed. HIT seems more effective for migraine day reduction and improvement of cerebrovascular health compared to MCT. Intermittent exercise programs of higher intensities may need to be considered as an additional treatment option in migraine patients.
Influence of biceps brachii tendon mechanical properties on elbow flexor force steadiness in young and old males
Authors: Smart R. R. , Baudry S. , Fedorov A. , Kuzyk S. L. , Jakobi J. M.
Published: November 2017

Elbow flexor force steadiness (FS) depends on strength and decreases with age. Achilles tendon mechanics effect standing balance and isometric plantarflexion FS. This study investigated the influence of distal biceps brachii (BB) tendon mechanics and elbow flexor strength on age‐related decline in FS. Nine young (23 ± 2 years) and nine old (77 ± 5 years) males performed submaximal isometric elbow flexion tasks at low (2.5%, 5%, 10% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)) and high (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%MVC) forces in a neutral forearm position. Distal BB tendon elongation and cross‐sectional area (CSA) were recorded on ultrasound to calculate mechanics of strain, stress, and stiffness. Coefficient of variation (CV) of force was used to assess relationship of FS to tendon mechanics and strength. Young were 22% stronger and 41% steadier than old (P < .05). Tendon stiffness (170.1 ± 132.9 N/mm; 113.0 ± 55.1 N/mm) did not differ with age (P > .05). Young had 40% less strain compared to old at 5% MVC, but 42% greater strain at 60% and 80% MVC (P ≤ .05). Stress was ~18% greater in young at 10%, 20%, and 80% MVC (P ≤ .05). At low forces, CV of force was predicted by stress (r2 = 0.56) in young, and stress and MVC (r2 = 0.641) in old. At high forces for both age groups, CV of force was predicted by MVC and stress (r2 = 0.39‐0.43). Stress and strain is greater in young compared with old males. Because strength influences tendon mechanics and is also associated with FS, absolute strength is a large and modifiable contributor to age‐related decline in FS.