bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pandangan Tuan Guru Lombok terhadap multi akad dalam muamalah maliyah kontemporer
Authors: Musawar Musawar
Published: August 2017

to; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; ">The concept of Hybrid Contract or “Multi Akad” is an ijtiha>d of the scholars to address the development of human life, especially in mu‘a>malah aspect. It is understood as the merge of the two contracts ormore in a contract. Therefore, many modern transactions use it and even in the last decade the scholarsbegan to discuss about it’s validity. The conversation and debate about the validity of this HybridContract appears not without reason, because of numbers of prophetic traditions, showed literarilythat Hybrid Contract is forbidden in the transaction. Departing from that, this study answers three basicproblems: the first is “how the concept of “Hybrid Contract” in view of Tuan Guru Lombok”, whobecame a role model for peoples of Lombok, because of they are as religious and community leaders.The second question is how an argumentation that built by Tuan Guru about the “Multi Akad” inIslamic Law. While the third problem is how the typology Tuan Guru Lombok thought. This study isa qualitative research by maqas > id al-Shari } ’ah > and the sociology law approaches, and this study is made withthe method of interview to Tuan Guru who are determined by “purposive sampling” method, and sothis research is supported by document data in the form of books, magazines and more. This studyconcluds that Hybrid Contract concept in Tuan Guru Lombok view is a contract containing twocontracts or more in financial problems, both applicable in financial institutions shari>‘ah or no. Surely,the concept of Hybrid Contract is a way to elude from “usury”. Regarding to Multi Akad in Islamic Lawlike “Dana Talangan Haji” at financial institutions shari‘ah, > Tuan Guru responded it by two argumentations: so that they are divide to two group: rejecter and endorser. And they are divided into 2 (two)typology: textual and textual progressive, the textual group understood that Hybrid Contract is unlawful or forbidden according to prophetic traditions texts and it was interpreted textually. While progressive textual tends to allow, even though they can not separate them self from the text of the prophetictraditions, but they also consider the development of thought, life, and environment.
Authentic Material and Automaticity for Teaching English
Authors: Widyastuti Widyastuti
Published: August 2017

This article discusses how to make students of Science Education in first year feel interesting in English lesson, understanding the text well and can communicate English fluency. It has been suggested that Authentic Material and Automaticity Theory not only creates a friendly and fun condition in teaching reading but helps students to study comprehensibly so they are able to understand the text, structure, vocabulary easily, read fluently and they also can communicate in English. The authentic material can make the teaching learning process fun and eliminate boring because the topics and materials can be found in internet so it will be more visually and  interactive . Automaticity theory can solve the problem of students who must memorize words that make them feel boring and forget the words soon. The other benefit is the students can exposure the real language being used in a real context and stimulate studens’idea, encouarage them to relate themselves with real-life experiencesThese strategies can make the students understand easily and enjoy the teaching learning process. By combining authentic material and automaticity strategies for teaching English in science education, will develop readers (students) to become fully competent and fluent.
A Descriptive Study on the Use of Colloquial Style in English Songs
Authors: Sri Wahyuni Endriana
Published: August 2017

This research is to point out the colloquial styles and the meanings used in English songs. The writer took the data from the text of five cassettes consisting of twenty two English songs. The technique used was the purposive random sampling. The writer presented the data taken from the sample then used a qualitative analysis. The table shows a list of sentences from the sample songs (20 samples from 70 samples) having non Standard English. The findings of this study showed that the characteristics of colloquial style are used in English songs are structural aspect, denotative meanings and connotative meanings.
Introduction to Views of Connectivism Theory of Learning
Authors: Sa’adi Sa’adi
Published: August 2017

‘Traditional’ theories of learning as pratical dimensions of psychology majorly tend to focus their interest on humans’ inner factors that influence the process of learning such as intelligences, motivation, interest, attitude, concentration and aptitude. They never connect it with instruments and technological inventions such as multimedia, cyber celluler, internet, even social organization, cultural values, traditions etc., while these are very influential nowdays towards the progress and behaviors of human life. As such the application of connectivism theory of learning which connect those dimensions of life with learning activities, is now and then insparable from any effort to promote the quality of humans’ learning itself, including in teaching and learning languages.
The Structure of Teacher’s Directives of the English Lecturers of Muhammadiyah University Semarang
Authors: Mustikasari Rr. Dewi Wahyu
Published: August 2017

Teacher’s directive is an interesting item to discuss since it can be elaborated into command, order, request, and advice. Furthermore, it can be developed that teacher’s directive has several structures. The structure of teacher’s directives can be classified into three kinds: imperative, interrogative, and declarative. I would like to discuss about the various forms by which directives are realized in the classroom in this study. The subjects of the study were 10 English lecturers of Muhammadiyah University Semarang. The instrument of the study is DCT questionnaires, which is consisted of 10 certain situations. The result shows that most of the subjects of study prefer to produce declarative with 74 utterances (50%). Second, they choose imperative with 50 utterances (34%). Next, they construct interrogative with 23 utterances (16%). Declaratives provide powerful directives than the other types. Declaratives gain an explicit expression. Teachers like to use declaratives, since declaratives are understandable. It will minimize the misinterpretation from the students.
The Social Context of Early Child Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
Authors: Umami Maslihatul
Published: August 2017

This article addresses the material on language acquisition in a social context and focuses on the gradual shift in the child’s use of words, from labeling specific and often single referents to the use of words for signifying categories of objects, actions, or attributes. The aims of this study are to search and explore the information whether the social context of second language acquisition occurred and whether it gives consequences toward cognitive development of the children. It can be seen from the results of this study that the rate and breadth of this shift varies from one social context to another, and that it has differential consequences for cognitive development dependent on the social context in which it occurs. The crucial significance of actively stimulating language growth in the classroom, especially by teachers of the socially disadvantaged, is stressed.
Teaching And Learning Writing Using Teacher’s Written Feedback And Conference
Authors: Irawati Iisrohli
Published: August 2017

The objective of this study is to find out whether there is a significant difference in terms of writing skills improvements between the 8th grade students of SMP N 1 Prambanan Sleman who are given teacher’s written feedback and conference and those who are not in the academic year of 2011/2012. This study involved 71 students from two groups, Class VIII B (35 students) as the experimental group and Class VIII A (36 students) as the control group. The experimental group was given teacher’s written feedback and conference in the writing learning process, whereas the control group was given peer’s feedback. The data were obtained by using two essay writing tests. They were administered to the two groups as the pre-test and post-test. The pre-test was given to both groups before the treatment was given and the post-test was given after the treatment finished. The data of the pre-test and post-test of both groups were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. After the data were tested and found to be homogeneous and normal, the hypothesis was tested using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results show that there is a significant difference in the writing ability between the students who are given teacher’s written feedback and conference and those who were not. It can be seen in the result of the hypothesis testing using ANCOVA. The significant value of 0.001 is less than the significance level of 0.05 (0.001 < 0.05), which means that the data of this study are considered to have a significant difference. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study is accepted. It means that the technique of giving teacher’s written feedback and conference significantly improves the students’ writing ability in the English teaching and learning process in SMP N 1 Prambanan Sleman. Keywords : Teaching and Learning Writing; Teacher’s Feedback and Conference; Experimental Research
A Comparative Study of Using Students Team Achievement Division (STAD) and Three Minutes Review (TMR) Strategies in Teaching Questions
Authors: Fauziningrum Endah
Published: August 2017

The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of using STAD and TMR strategies to teach questions to the third grade of elementary school students. The data of the research were taken in Sompok state elementary school 03 and 04. The research design used was factorial design. It means that the writer had two groups, one was taught by using STAD strategy and the other was taught by using TMR strategy. STAD and TMR strategies had two sub-divisions, students who take English courses and students who do not take English courses. The number of the research sample for each cell was 12 students. There were four time lesson of periods for STAD and TMR classes. To investigate the effectiveness of using STAD and TMR strategies, the writer used F-test formula. The results were: 1) STAD was effective to teach question to students who take English courses. It was showed from the pre-test (10.83) and the post-test (12.75). 2) STAD was effective to teach question to students who do not take English courses. It was shown on the mean of pre-test (8.58) and the post-test (11.25). 3) TMR was effective to teach question to students who take English courses. It was shown on the mean of pre-test (10.67) and the post-test (11.50).  4) TMR was effective to teach question to students who do not take English courses. It was shown on the mean of pre-test (9.83) and post-test (10.42). There was not any interaction between the students who take English courses and who do not and and who were taught by using STAD and TMR atrategies.it showed from the ANOVA result. The result was the interaction between strategies and taking courses variables showed 0.325 with sig 0.571. Since, sig 0.571 > 0.05, then the interaction between strategies and taking courses variables do not effect the students achievement. Keywords:  Comparison; Third Grade Elementary School Students; STAD Strategy; TMR Strategy;the Effectiveness of Using Teaching Strategy
Politeness Maxim In the film ” Laskar Pelangi”
Authors: Budiati Budiati
Published: August 2017

Sentential implicature is something meant or implied that is proposed to avoid impoliteness in making harmonious conversation. For the sake of politeness it was postulated cooperative politeness and maxims; tact maxim, approbation maxim, generosity maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim and sympathy maxim. The measurement of politeness or impoliteness is also determined by the four factors; power, range, distance and familiarity. In “Laskar Pelangi” the movie, it was found some maxims with Indonesian cultural background for its politeness. Politeness was shown by addressing someone just by name or by saying “Mr.” and “Mrs”, according to the power and relationship, minimizing dispraise of others, and mentioning something or someone indirectly.
Tragedy and Moral Values in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth: A Structural Analysis
Authors: Purnomo Sigit Cahyo
Published: August 2017

This research is aimed to find out the structural elements and the moral values of the play. The subject of the research is the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare and the object of research is its intrinsic elements of the play and the moral values of it. To analyze the structural elements of the play Macbeth, the writer uses the objective approach that anatomizes the work of art itself without relating to external factors such as the universe, the artist and audience. The findings of the research show that (1) The theme of the play is a blind ambition. Macbeth is goaded by his more ambitious wife, Lady Macbeth, to be king by evil way. He uses ‗the goal which justifies the means‘ to obtain it. But it causes the downfall. (2) There are two main characters namely Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and seven minor characters namely King Duncan, Banquo, Three Witches, Macduff, Malcolm, Fleance, and Lady Macduff. (3)The setting of time happens in eleventh century ; Meanwhile, the setting of place happens in Scotlandand in England, Though, Shakespeare uses  the setting of place in beginning of every act. (4) The plot of the play starts from exposition, then it moves to rising action and reaches the climax or turning point. Later, it goes to falling action and the resolution. 5).Shakespeare as author always uses the third person point of view such as He, She, and the name of the character. (6)The language that is used is dialog language in the stage and it is old classic English.(7)The symbolisms of play which are standing out are blood and darkness. (8) The moral values are divided into positive moral values such as bravery, loyalty, affection, modesty as well as honesty, and negative moral values such as ambition, atrocity, temptation, vengeance. Keywords: Tragedy; moral values; structural analysis
Psychological Structural Analysis to “A Child Called It” by Dave Pelzer
Authors: Susilowati Endang
Published: August 2017

This paper attempts to explore a child abuse, the reason and the effect of the character’s psychological development using the theory of psychological development and structural analysis. Two approaches are used in this paper. Those are structural approach and psychology, especially developmental psychology approach. The first approach focuses on literary intrinsic elements. The second approach focuses on the character’s psychological development based on the developmental stages and tasks. Those are integrated into a psychological structural analysis. The result shows that child abuse that experienced by David is physical and psychological. He got the first   stage of abuse commited by his mother who didn’t give him food and the last stage evidenced by some physical abuses when he lived with his mother. The primary reasons of David abuses are disciplinary patterns and he was regarded as a trouble maker.  Keywords:Psychological structural analysis;  child abuse and psychological development.
The Use of Contextual Teaching and Learning in Writing Subjects: A Case Study of the Second Year Students at SDN 3 Bareng Lor Klaten in 2013/2014
Authors: Irawati Lisrohli
Published: August 2017

In Globalization era, English becomes one of the crucial subjects to be taught. Generally, it is taught from the Elementary schools level to university levels. To be a creative and innovative teacher are important things to develop students’ ability because English is a foreign language. One of the method is to use CTL in teaching and Learning. The objective of this study is to find out about teaching and learning writing using contextual teaching and Learning (CTL) in the second year at SD N 3 Barenglor. The writer observed and made interview to the teacher and students to get data and the process of teaching and Learning using CTL. The object of this study involved 30 students; consist of 13 male students (boys) and 17 female 17 students (girls). The results show that CTL is used in teaching and Learning in SD N 3 Barenglor and CTL had succesfully improved the motivation of the students to study English. Keywords: CTL ; Teaching and Learning ; English
The Interlanguage Interference on the Difficulties of Building Question Sentences by the Second Year Students of MA As Soorkaty Salatiga
Authors: Famularsih Sari
Published: August 2017

This study is aimed to elaborate the interlanguage interference of the difficulties which are faced by 40 second year students of MA As Soorkaty Salatiga in academic year of 2004-2005 in building question sentences and the sources of difficulties. The research is conducted by such kind of test. The total number of test are 20 items, consist of 5 yes-no questions, 5 W-H questions, and 10 tag questions which is done in a written essay form. Based on the analysis, the result shows some conclusions. Firstly, the researcher finds the types of difficulties problems are faced by the students in building question mastery, such as: (1) building yes-no question sentences in translation the word “apakah”, that is related with the use of to be. (2) Building interrogative word question sentences in translation the words “apa”, “kapan”, “milik siapa”, etc. That are related with the use of “what”, “when”, “whose”, etc. (3) Completing the tag question sentences with the proper auxiliary based on tense of the sentences. The most difficulties in building question sentences are especially in yes-no question form by using the word “apakah”. In the term of interlanguage, the students’ errors are mostly included in expressing meaning by the words and grammar of the first language. The source of difficulties which have been analyzed are mostly caused by inter lingual and intra lingual transfer. Keywords: Interlanguage;  Question Sentence;  Interlingual Transfer; Intralingual Transfer
The Error Analysis on the Students of English Department Speaking Scripts
Authors: Rini Setia
Published: August 2017

Speaking skill is different from writing skill. Writing is a formal skill, soas a writer he or she must be consistently follow the formal procedures.It is different from the speaking skill which doesn‘t so strict inaccommodating the formal rules. The Writing of script at Speaking 2lecture is the focus of this study because the scripts are presented afterthey prepare for having conversation. Through writing the speakingscript the students learn carefully of khow to deliver a conversationpurposefully and use the language features correctly even in oralcommunication. Moreover, in speaking they are able to convey theirfeeling, emotion and thought. The purposes of this study are to know thekind of grammatical errors made by the students of the EnglishDepartment in writing their speaking scripts and the sources of studentsin making error in writing the speaking scripts. The researcher takes thesubjects of students of the second semester of the English DepartmentSTAIN Salatiga in academic year of 2012/2013 as they took Speaking 2subject. And to collect the data the researcher used test anddocumentation. The result of this study explains that the writer analyzedthe errors made by the students included the use of grammatical rules,vocabulary choice by implementing error analysis. In addition, the errors are analyzed such as the use of preposition, subject pronoun, objectpronoun, verbs and nouns, irregular verbs, tenses, pronouns andpossessive case, word choice, writing questions, and conditionalsentence.Keywords: error analysis ; Speaking skills ; writing and script
The Change of Mental Process in the Translation of Ronggeng Dhukuh Paruk from Bahasa Indonesia into English
Authors: Khristianto Khristianto
Published: August 2017

Mental process (thinking activities) is a part of transitivity system, representing language meaning as a symbol or representation meaning. In translation, this meaning is the most important, determining whether or not a clause is translated correctly. It means a sentence with a mental-process predicate will be right only, if it is realized in the same process. This paper tries to prove this notion, by exploring a novel translation from Bahasa to English. It employs Halliday’s transitivity as a means to contrast a source text (T1) and a target text (T2).Based on the analysis, it is found out that some mental processes in the novel are translated into another process. Perception and affection are two subtypes of mental process which are translated into relational process and material process. The change into relational process is identified in many cases; though most of the data are translated into a the same mental process. This change is triggered by the strategies of modulation and transposition. Meanwhile, there is only a single case of change into a material process, which is resulted from the different realization, literal to metaphorical expression. Thus, this proves that the change of a process in a clause does not necessarily entail a change of meaning.
The Use of Community Language Learning (CLL) Method to Increase the Students’ Participation in Classroom Conversation
Authors: Nurhasanah Siti
Published: August 2017

Community Language Learning (CLL) merupakan metode pengajaran bahasa yang melibatkan aspek psikologi dimana peserta didik ikut bekerja sama dalam mengembangkan keahlian berbahasa yang ingin mereka pelajari. Metode ini pertama kali dikembangkan oleh Charles A. Curran dan asosiasinya yang disebut teori Counseling-Learning. Ada pula yang menyebut bahwa metode ini merupakan pendekatan humanisme. Pengajarnya seolah-olah bertindak sebagai konselor dan peserta didiknya sebagai klien. Selanjutnya penulis juga menggunakan metode CLL untuk meningkatkan partisipasi mahasiswa dalam kelas Speaking di Program Khusus Kelas Internasional (KKI) IAIN Salatiga Tahun Akademik 2013/2014 angkatan 2013. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dimana penulis sebagai peneliti dan ditemani oleh satu orang sebagai pengamat. Untuk mengetahui peningkatan partisipasi mahasiswa di kelas tersebut, peneliti mengadakan pretes dan postes dalam 2 siklus. Masing-masing siklus berisi perencanaan, aksi, observasi dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa mengalami peningkatan tidak hanya pada partisipasi percakapan bahasa Inggris mereka tetapi juga motivasi belajar mereka. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari peningkatan rata-rata nilai dari pretes ke postes baik di siklus 1 hingga di siklus 2.
Enhancing Students’ Speaking Skill through Gallery Walk Technique
Authors: Anwar Farrah Zakiyah
Published: August 2017

The aims of this research are (1) to describe the procedure of enhancing students’ speaking skill by “gallery walk” technique at the first grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah (plus) Salatiga in academic year 2014/2015. (2) to find out whether the “gallery walk” technique can enhance students’ speaking skill or not and (3) to find out the extent of the use of “gallery walk” technique enhancing students’ speaking skill. The research method that is used in this research is classroom action reserach. The subjects of the research were 34 students in grade X at SMA Muhammadiyah (plus) Salatiga. The researcher uses two cycles; each cycle consists of planning, action, observation and reflection. The result of this research shows that there is an enhancement of the students’ speaking skill using “gallery walk” technique. It can be seen from T-Test calculating in cycle I is 5.09 and cycle II 6.70; T-Table with N = 34 is 2.035. And also the increasing students’ mean score in percentage from cycle I to cycle II with the standardized score (the minimum of passing criteria) is 75,  At the cycle I is 55.88% students and 82.35% in the cycle II. The increasing of score in percentage from cycle I to cycle II is 26.47 %. This indicates that by applying “gallery walk” technique, the students’ speaking skill can be enhanced.
The Fishbowl Method to Improve the Students’ Speaking Skills
Authors: Rahma Dewanti Mulki
Published: August 2017

This study deals with The Fishbowl Method to Improve the Students’ Speaking Skill (An Experimental Study in Ninth Grade Students of SMP N 2 Ambarawa in the Academic Year of 2014/2015). This research was done to answer the objectives of study, namely (1) to find out the difference of lecturing and Fishbowl method in Ninth Grade Students of SMP N 2 Ambarawa in the academic year of 2014/2015, (2) to find out the significant difference of lecturing and Fishbowl method in Ninth Grade Students of SMP N 2 Ambarawa in the academic year of 2014/2015. This research applied descriptive quantitative method. The objects were Ninth Grade Students of SMP N 2 Ambarawa in the academic year of 2014/2015, and the analyzing data were students’ speaking skill that was taught by Fishbowl Method. The sample of this research was taken 28% from population. The numbers of sample were 50 students that were divided into 2 groups. The first group was experimental group and the second group was control group. The data tested using t-test formula by comparing the mean score of pre-test and post-test from both classes. The level of significance was set equal or less than 5%. The result of this study showed that t-value 8, 511 was higher than t-table 2, 064 with the degree of freedom (df) of 24. Therefore, it could be concluded that there was significant difference of T-test between students taught by lecturing and students taught by Fishbowl method. Since t-value was higher than t-table, it meant that null hypothesis was rejected and alternative hypothesis was accepted. Thus, it could be said that Fishbowl method improved students’ speaking skill in Ninth Grade Students of SMP N 2 Ambarawa in the academic year of 2014/2015
Discourse Analysis of a Song Lyric Entitled "We Will Not Go Down”
Authors: Risdianto Faizal
Published: August 2017

This library research aimed at finding the three aspect of discourse analysis: contextual, grammatical and lexical aspect of Michael Heart’s song lyrics entitled “We will not go down (Song for Gaza). After analysis it can be found that the life experience and background of the song writer and singer is closely related to the idea proposes within the song lyrics. Whereas, the result of the grammatical and lexical analysis gives a depiction of cohesion and coherence of the song discourse of “We will not Go Down (Song for Gaza)”. There are eight (8) forms of first plural personal pronoun of “We”, four (4) second plural personal pronoun of ‘You” and seven (7) third personal pronouns in various forms. On the other side, it is difficult to find lexical aspects of this song discourse. There is only one form of anaphoric repetition. The repetition of the sentence “We Will Not Go Down” seven times is to influence the hearers whether they are supporters or opponents of the idea brought by the singer/the author that whatever happens Palestinian people will not surrender to every force, nation or people that want to colonialize them.
Теоретические подходы к изучению международной трудовой миграции
Authors: Гребенюк Александр Александрович
Published: August 2017

Статья посвящена обзору основных социально-экономических теорий изучения трудовой миграции. В работе приведены подходы меркантилизма, классической политэкономии, марксизма, кейнсианства, неоклассической теории миграции, теории обратной связи экономических циклов, концепции новой экономики миграции, теория сегментированного рынка труда, теории мирового рынка труда, концепции общемировой миграционной системы, концепции нового международного экономического порядка, теории человеческого капитала.
О миграционной политике России в области трудовой миграции
Authors: Красинец Евгений Семенович
Published: August 2017

В статье рассматривается комплекс проблем внешней трудовой миграции в современной России. Оцениваются последствия занятости трудовых мигрантов в национальной экономике. Особое внимание уделено вопросам регулирования трудовой иммиграции, решению задач совершенствования государственной миграционной политики Российской Федерации в сфере привлечения и использования иностранной рабочей силы.
Исследование проведено при поддержке гранта РФФИ № 15-02-00122.
In Horses With Chronic Laminitis, Do Venograms Compared to Plain Radiographs Give Greater Diagnostic or Prognostic Information?
Authors: Wylie Claire E , Pollitt Christopher C
Published: August 2017

There is no conclusive evidence available to guide recommendations as to whether venograms provide any greater diagnostic or prognostic information compared to the use of plain radiographs in horses with chronic laminitis. Further evidence is needed to better answer this PICO.

  
Implications of Education and Prehabilitation on the Geriatric Surgical Patient
Authors: Hufford Theadore , Rubin Jonathan , Al-Qudah Ghaith , Prendergast Michael
Published: August 2017

INTRODUCTION

Recently there has been a significant increase in age in the United States. It is necessary to better understand the physiological and surgical needs of these patients in order to optimize outcomes. The vast majority of procedures performed in adult patients are low-risk operations, such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Our aim is to investigate the outcomes, including length of stay, morbidity, mortality, re-admission and discharge disposition of the elderly population (>80) undergoing low-risk operations in our tertiary community hospital.

METHODS

A retrospective chart review was done at a tertiary community hospital. The time frame utilized was 2011-2015. Patients were excluded only on the basis of their age (< 80) at the time of operation.

RESULTS

There were a total of 30 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy from 2011 to 2015. 21 patients (70%) were female and 9 (30%) were male. No patients were converted to an open procedure. The average age was 86.4 years and average ASA classification prior to surgery was 2.88. Higher ASA class, specifically those that were class III/IV were more likely to have an increased length of stay that was statistically significant. Overall age greater than 80 was an independent risk factor for transfer to a higher level of care upon discharge (SNF, LTAC, etc.), a surrogate marker for physical decompensation following surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

Routine surgery, such as the laparoscopic cholecystectomy, effects the elderly population in a more substantial way, and early recognition coupled with increased education for physicians regarding geriatric patients can help to reduce length of stay, morbidity, and overall physical and mental deconditioning.
Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk of Santiago Island (Cape Verde) Population due to Potential Toxic Elements Exposure from Soils
Authors: Cabral Pinto Marina , Silva Maria Manuela , Ferreira da Silva Eduardo , Marinho-Reis A. Paula
Published: August 2017

The hazard and the carcinogenic risks due to the exposure to some potentially toxic elements by the Santiago Island (Cape Verde) population where calculated, considering soil ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact as exposure pathways. The topsoil of Santiago Island is enriched in Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Zn, Mn and Cd to upper crust values. Hazard indices (HI) were calculated for these metals and As exposures, of Santiago Island population and the calculations were performed for children and adults. For children HI are higher than 1 for Co, Cr and Mn. So there is indication of potential non-carcinogenic risk for children, due to the high Co (HI=2.995), Cr (HI=1.329) and Mn (HI=1.126), values in soils. For the other elements and for adults there is no potential non-carcinogenic risk. Cancer risk was calculated for As, Cd, Cr and Ni exposures, for adults and children and the results are always lower than the carcinogenic target risk of 1x10-6, for As, Cd, and Ni. However, cancer risk are higher than the carcinogenic target risk for Cr, for adults. Regarding As, for children the fraction due to Riskingestion represents 51.6%, while Riskinhalation represents 48.0% and Riskdermalcontact represents only 0.4% of total risk. For adults Riskinhalation represents 81.3%, Riskingestion represents 16.6% and Riskdermal contact represents 2.1%. These results reflect the higher daily ingestion dose for children and the higher inhalation rate and higher dermal contact surface for adults. For the other elements and for adults the cancer risk due to Cr, Ni and Cd inhalation is always higher than for children, reflecting the higher inhalation rate for adults.
Academic work-integrated learning (WIL): Reengaging teaching-focused academics with industry
Authors: Whelan Michael B.
Published: August 2017

There has been an increase in the number of teaching-focused academics at Australian universities over recent years. However, research-focused and teaching-research academics have an advantage over teaching-focused academics in terms of promotion, forced redundancies and tenure. While evidence of research success is measured by volume (number of publications and research income), evidence of teaching scholarship is less quantifiable. The value of industry-university collaboration has been reported widely. However, the focus is on the value of the knowledge transfer of university research to industry and collaborative industry-university research. Academics collaborating with industry partners on research projects are able to experience current industry practice firsthand, raising the question: How do teaching-focused academics remain engaged with industry? The benefits of work-integrated learning (WIL) to hosts, students and universities are well documented. This paper poses the question: Is a WIL placement a way to reengage teaching-focused academics with industry?, and introduces the concept of ‘Academic WIL’ where academics complete an internship placement with an industry partner. The impact on graduate employability is discussed and a methodology for a teaching-focused academic to use their Academic WIL experience as evidence of their achievements in the scholarship of teaching is presented.
A Summary of Current Research on the Functional Morphology of Flight in Azhdarchid Pterosaurs
Authors: Klein Amy , Anderson Curt W
Published: August 2017

Azhdarchid pterosaurs existed during the Mesozoic era and died out during the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous. These amazingly large creatures have sparked a debate on whether they were capable of flying or simply gliding due to their massive size, anatomy and morphology. Two theories that have been developed are that these creatures were terrestrial stalkers and that they are closer to pelicans in terms of feeding capability. More specifically, Naish and Witton suggest that these giants were capable of covering large distances by soaring and could forage on land by walking quadrupedally using their long necks to reach down and kill small animals, parts of dead tissues and possibly fruits. Fossil evidence to support this theory includes tracks of the Azhdarchid’s showing a parasagittal gait, a winged planform, and specimens have been only found in continental depositional settings. Evidence also indicates that these creatures had membranes serving as wings, but it cannot be discerned with current knowledge whether membranes were used for gliding or for true flying.
Tensões entre memórias, ativismo e ética: as narrativas cigano/romani no Museu Cigano Itinerante (Brasil) e no Roma Ethnographic Museum in Tarnów (Polônia)
Authors: Sambati Douglas Neander
Published: August 2017

Este artigo trata de possíveis tensões quando usos da memória, ativismo político e comportamento ético convivem em um ambiente museológico. Para tanto, serve-se do exemplo de dois museus – o Museu Cigano Itinerante (Brasil) e o Roma Ethnographic Museum in Tarnów (Polônia) –, analisando a exposição das instituições e a fala de seus organizadores. Ambos os museus estão engendrados nos movimentos sociais cigano/romani que, por sua vez, trabalham desde os anos 1970 na relocação desse povo na sociedade. Esse novo espaço social seria o de uma nação ou grupo étnico coeso, reconhecido por outras nações, com um primeiro passo para a conquista de uma melhor qualidade de vida. Discute-se aqui que os museus constroem narrativas que exoticizam2 e essencializam populações ciganas heterogêneas, em retóricas que encontram incompatibilidades com o meio acadêmico. O que pode ser entendidocomo ausência de verdade e ética por parte dos museus, no entanto, pode ser relativizado levando em consideração os diferentes objetivos e abordagens de grupos distintos que discutem problemáticas semelhantes.
The Local Wisdom in Bahasa Indonesia Text Books in a Low Class: Ethno-Pedagogy Study
Authors: Rasna I Wayan , Tantra Dewa Komang
Published: August 2017

This study aimed at producing an integrated thematic book in terms of Indonesian Language and Literature for grades I and II with local Balinese wisdom. Therefore, in year 1, exploration of themes/sub-themes of the materials was conducted. In year 2, the draft plan was developed into a draft of the book. In year 3, the draft of the book was tested from the validity of experts, content, design, and media (Nieveen, 1999, Yamasari, 2003, Thiagara Jan 1974). Users’ responses were based on field testing (Borg and Gall 1989 and Kusmariyatri, 2012). The methods of data collection were a questionnaire, observation, interview, and test. The results showed that: (1) integrated thematic book with sustainable local of Bali was qualified as a textbook. (2) The validity (experts, content, design, and media) was qualified as valid. Students’ understanding valued 75 (good). Thus, this thematic book was qualified as teaching materials.
Być przy chorym. Kilka myśli biblijnych
Authors: Warzecha Julian
Published: August 2017

Der Aufsatz war gemeint für die Volontäre, die in den Hospizen dienen. In solchen Situationen muss man bewusst sein, dass das menschliche Leben Gabe Gottes ist, auch dieses, das sich dem Ende nähert. Gott begleitet jeden Menschen, besonders den bleibenden in so schwierigen Gelegenheiten, um ihn schliesslich zum neuen Leben durchzuführen.Gott, wenn Er will, kann den Kranken ausheilen. Wenn Er das aber nicht tut, dann gibt Er ihm sicherlich die Kraft, die Krankheit zu ertragen und den Tod zu akzepieren. Ein wesentlicher Trost für den schwer Kranken ist, dass Jezus sich der Angst des Todeskampfes unterwarf und „unsere Leiden auf sich genommen und unsere Krankheiten getragen hat“ (Mt 8,17).Die Leute, die die schwer Kranken pflegen, den biblischen Volontären ähnlich, müssen selber ihren Glauben entwickeln und im Gebet verharren. So unterstützen sie nicht nur die Kranken und ihre Familien, sondern auch vertiefen ihre Spiritualität und nicht den Sinn ihres Dienstes bezweifeln.
Automated System for Evaluating 2D-Image Compositional Characteristics: Mathematical Model
Authors: Al Akkad M A , Gazimzyanov F F
Published: August 2017

Описывается контекст построения математической модели, представленный в предыдущей публикации авторов - концепция автоматизированной системы оценки композиционных характеристик 2D-изображений. Эксперимент Рудольфа Арнхейма для определения визуального веса объектов с использованием структурного плана квадрата и темного диска повторяется с использованием математического представления понятий, данных в книге «Искусство и визуальное восприятие». Структурный план используется как система отсчета, которая имеет ключевые точки, линии и координаты. Описываются параметры объектов и формулы расчета величины влияния перцептивных сил. Предлагается метод оценки равновесия визуальной сцены, согласно принципам, изложенным в книге «Искусство и визуальное восприятие». Математическая модель эксперимента Арнхейма представляется в разных стадиях, при разном положении объекта в визуальной сцене относительно исследуемого источника перцептивной силы; объясняются факторы, влияющие на восприятие объекта внутри структурного плана, особенности ключевых позиций объектов. Предлагается экспериментально построенная функция для определения визуального веса объекта в зависимости от дистанции до источника перцептивных сил. Обосновывается использование метода интерполяции сплайном Акимы для получения качественного графика функции, лишенного «осцилляций» около экстремумов и при резких сменах значений. Предлагаются альтернативные графики функций для различных источников влияния перцептивных сил, объясняется разница в принципах действия разных источников. Вводятся коэффициенты для разных перцептивных факторов и источников влияния, которые обеспечат точную настройку системы. Предлагается метод настройки коэффициентов системы. Полученная математическая модель подтверждает возможность программной реализации методов, предложенных Арнхеймом в своей книге.
The Development of Automated Information System of Monitoring the State of Health of the Patient with Application of Cloud Technologies
Authors: Chukhlantsev E S , Blagodatsky G A , Oskolkov I A
Published: August 2017

В рамках данной статьи рассмотрены существующие на сегодняшний день проблемы, возникающие при оказании специализированной медицинской помощи больным людям. Далее была разработана концептуальная модель системы автоматизированного мониторинга состояния здоровья пациента. На основе оригинальной концептуальной модели была разработана математическая модель, позволившая произвести построение ER- и UML-диаграмм, необходимых для более детального анализа протекающих внутренних процессов. Исследование процесса автоматизации мониторинга опасных для здоровья сочетаний симптомов и установленных наборов опасных состояний здоровья позволило собрать реляционную базу данных (на основе среды разработки SQLite 3), необходимую для грамотной и безотказной функциональности системы. Локализация возможных симптомов существующих болезней и поражений частей тела в единый графический интерфейс, связанная с разработанными моделями классов предметной области и структурой данных информационной системы, позволило реализовать дружелюбный графический интерфейс пользователя. Для доведения разработанной информационной системы до общедоступного уровня было принято решение о применении в основе разработки облачных веб-технологий. Размещение автоматизированной системы мониторинга состояния здоровья пациента планируется произвести на облачных серверах, что, в свою очередь, окажет положительный эффект как с точки зрения доступности, так и возможности мгновенного распространения выпущенных обновлений.
Development of the Scheme of Controlling the Charge of the Ultracapacitor Module and Definition of Its Workability by Modeling
Authors: Starodubtseva V A , Shklyaev M O
Published: August 2017

В данной статье рассматривается проблема создания гибридной аккумуляторной батареи на основе литиевых батарей и суперконденсаторов, которая бы сохраняла свою работоспособность при низких температурах. Данная проблема основывается на решении задачи заряда модуля суперконденсаторов. Необходимо создание устройства, которое бы могло осуществлять предварительный заряд модуля суперконденсаторов, а также поддерживать напряжение на нем на определенном уровне. Для решения данной задачи был проведен анализ характеристик аккумуляторных батарей и суперконденсаторов. Было подтверждено мнение, что суперконденсаторы имеют гораздо лучшие температурные характеристики и характеристику количества циклов заряда-разряда. Разработана структурная схема гибридного аккумулятора, и описан принцип ее работы. В статье раскрываются процессы создания некоторых узлов данной схемы, таких как устройство предварительного заряда модуля суперконденсаторов и устройство управления преобразователем постоянного напряжения, который связывает аккумуляторную батарею и модуль суперконденсаторов. Статья содержит расчет основных параметров схемы и описание выбора используемых устройств. Статья также содержит описание такого вспомогательного устройства, как адаптер преобразователя напряжения, который служит для его дистанционного управления. Работоспособность всех разработанных схем, описанных выше, проверяется с помощью моделирования в компьютерной среде Multisim. На основе данных, полученных при моделировании, проведен анализ работоспособности полученных схем. Для подкрепления полученных результатов собрана общая схема для заряда модуля суперконденсаторов. Данные моделирования подтверждают работоспособность общей схемы, вследствие чего сделано заключение о возможности использования данной схемы на практике. Использование суперконденсаторов в гибридных аккумуляторных батареях имеет ряд проблем, но они решаемы с помощью схем управления, к примеру, как приведенная схема в данной статье.
Internacionalización e integracion de la educación superior
Authors: Botero Chica Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2017

Este artículo presenta un análisis de la internacionalización de la educación superior, un marco teórico, acercamientos conceptuales, concepciones, una explicación de por qué la falta de integración se convierte en un freno para la internacionalización de la educación superior, y plantea algunas estrategias que se vienen adoptando en América Latina y Colombia.
Hacia un nuevo modelo de comunicación del riesgo
Authors: Rivera Berrío Juan Guillermo
Published: August 2017

En este artículo profundizaremos en los modelos de comunicación del riesgo que nos permitan dar respuesta a los interrogantes planteados o, en caso necesario, proponer estrategias para hacer más efectiva esta comunicación. No obstante, nuestro problema central se enmarcará en el público objetivo de la comunicación del riesgo y su contexto, en tanto que en situaciones heterogéneas, el impacto y efectividad de la comunicación, su interacción y re-representaciones son igualmente heterogéneos.
Presentación
Authors: Acevedo Pineda Elsa Beatríz
Published: August 2017

La revista TRILOGÍA en su edición número ocho, contribuye con calidad y excelencia al enriquecimiento de los estudios en Ciencia, Tecnología, Sociedad e Innovación CTS+i en nuestros países.Sin lugar a dudas, las relaciones entre ciencia, conocimiento, apropiación, investigaciones e innovaciones, representa un reto para el pensamiento académico en cada contexto específico. Por tal razón esfuerzos editoriales como el presente adquieren especial significado para el fortalecimiento de comunidades de pensamiento interdisciplinario.