bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rediscovery of a species considered to be extinct in the Pollino massif (Calabria, Italy): Erebia gorge (Hübner, [1804]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Piazzini Sandro , Favilli Leonardo
Published: April 2020

After about 40 years, the presence of Erebia gorge (Hübner, [1804]) has been reconfirmed in the Pollino massif (Calabria, Italy). In July 2019, two specimens (1 ♂ and 1 ♀) were captured in the zone of Monte Pollino cliffs on the east face of the massif at a height of 1990 m. Given the isolation of the population at the southernmost limit of the species’ range, and the fact that this population is seriously threatened by global climate change, it would be of great value to conduct an exhaustive study of the distribution of the species throughout Pollino and of the genetic characteristics of this local population that could differ substantially from other Italian and European populations.
Morphometric differences in populations of Nebria kratteri Dejean and Boisduval, 1830 from two old forests in Calabria (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Talarico Federica , Mazzei Antonio , Gangale Carmen , Scrivano Giorgia , Brandmayr Pietro
Published: April 2020

In carabid beetles, several morphometric parameters may vary from one habitat to another. Body size is one of the most important traits in animals because it directly relates to fitness and changes across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. In this paper, we compare two populations of Nebria kratteri (Coleoptera, Carabidae) sampled in two old forest sites of the Sila Mountain in Calabria. The specimens show significant differences in all morphometric parameters measured, the larger size at one site could be related to intraspecific competition.
New or little-known bees from Sicily (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Authors: Bella Salvatore , Catania Roberto , Nobile Vittorio , Mazzeo Gaetana
Published: April 2020

The authors report newly recorded species of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) on the Volcan Etna (Sicily). A total of ten species belonging to three families are recorded: Halictidae (8 species), Megachilidae (1 species), and Apidae (1 species). Pseudapis valga (Gerstaecker), Lasioglossum convexiusculum (Schenck) (Halictidae), Hoplitis laevifrons (Morawitz) (Megachilidae) and Tarsalia ancyliformis Popov (Apidae), are reported for the first time for Sicily and the presence of other bee species is confirmed for the Island. Furthermore, this is the first record of the genus Tarsalia Morawitz for the fauna of Sicily. For each species data are given in relation to the altitudinal level, the plants visited, and the ecological quality of the sites where the specimens were found.
Imported Bancroftian Filariasis Discovered in a Patient Infected with Plasmodium falciparum: First Case of Concomitant Parasitism in the Al-Buraimi Governorate, Oman
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Muqeet , Al Balushi Ahmed Yar Mohammed Dawood , Al Aliyani Nader Rahid Salim , Kalarikkal Biju , Miranda Reeher Ian C. , Sherif Sherif Mohamed , Al Habsi Ahmed Salim Mubarak , Al Saidi Eman Khalfan , Anver Adil , Qassem Nouraldeen Hasan
Published: April 2020

Malaria and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Central and South America. Ninety-two percent (200 million) of malaria cases in 2017 were detected in the WHO African Region. This accounts for approximately 30% of the global burden of LF disease and includes 405.9 million people at risk in 39 out of 46 member countries. Anopheles species of mosquitoes transmit Wuchereria bancrofti in most parts of Africa. Our case of a 23-year-old Nigerian woman highlights incidental laboratory findings showing the first malaria/filariasis coinfection in the governorate (province). This coinfection was ascertained during the usual medical screening before recruitment in Oman, which is routinely conducted for every expatriate.
TRIP RATES FOR CONDOMINIUM CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
Authors: Hirun Wirach
Published: April 2020

The number of large scale condominium construction projects had dramatically increased in Bangkok. Many projects had occurred in either densely populated areas or in central business districts, where traffic conditions were usually highly congested. To prevent traffic problems, a traffic impact study must be prepared and submitted for review by concerned public authorities. Unit trip generation rates were important data in traffic impact analysis. Without accurate unit trip generation rates, public agencies could not obtain accurate information on the traffic that will be generated. This study aimed to study trip rates and the factors affecting them for condominium construction project in Bangkok. The data were collected from 30 condominium construction sites located in 15 districts of Bangkok. The analysis used the linear regression method and was divided into three cases: 1) trip rates for all vehicles, 2) trip rates for classified vehicles, and 3) trip rates for all types of condominium. All case analyses considered weekdays, Saturday, and Sunday. The results found that trip rates related to the number of dwellings in the condominium. The trip rates for all vehicle types on weekdays, Saturday, and Sunday were 10.636, 4.647, and 9.294 vehicles per 100 dwelling units per day respectively. The trip rates for six-wheeled and ten-wheeled trucks on weekdays, Saturday, and Sunday were 2.046, 0.975, and 0.575 vehicles per 100 dwelling units per day respectively. The trip rate for four-wheeled trucks and passenger cars on weekdays was 1.960. Regarding condominium types, the trip rate for low rise condominiums for all vehicle types on weekdays was 5.315 while the trip rates for high rise condominiums for weekdays, Saturday, and Sunday were 3.965, 2.667, and 1.261 respectively.
Ten years' experiences in the treatment of nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A retrospective analysis of outcome parameters in a single-center study
Authors: Alhoobi Mohammed , Abu-Qadous Fatma , Khan Mohsin , Shaaban Ahmed , Shaikh Nissar , Hammadi Firas , Abu-Jarir Raed , Albanna Walid , Alrumaihi Ghaya , Belkhair Sirajelddin , Babu Arun , Ayyad Ali
Published: April 2020

Objectives: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with negative angiographic findings has a heterogeneous nature with variations in clinical course and outcome as compared to the aneurysmal SAH. It makes up to 15% of the spontaneous SAH and is characterized by milder clinical presentation. The purpose of this study was the analyses of risk factors, clinical observations, radiologic characteristics, and outcome in patients with nonaneurysmal SAH (NA-SAH). Patients and Methods: In a retrospective design, 77 consecutive patients with NA-SAH were recruited from May 2008, to October 2018. All patients underwent conventional cerebral angiography. We stratified patients into two groups based on the distribution of blood on their CT scan into perimesencephalic (PM) and non-PM (NPM) SAH. We performed the Outcome using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and modified Rankin scale (favorable mRS 0–2 vs. unfavorable mRS 3–6). Data were analyzed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics V22.0. Results: The mean age at presentation was 48.5 ± 8.4 years with male predominance (71.4%). About 76.7% of the patients had headache and vomiting, most of the patients (75.3%) presented with GCS 15 at initial clinical presentation (61.03%) had NPM versus (38.96%) with PM characters in computed tomography scans. Fourteen (17.9%) patients developed hydrocephalus and 12 (15.3%) needed external ventricular drain placement, while none of the patients needed permanent shunt placement. However, all patients had a favorable clinical and functional outcome at discharge and at late follow-up (up to 3 months). Conclusions: NA-SAH does not affect the short- and long-term prognosis. In our results, the pattern of bleeding affects the initial presentation, clinical course, and complications. The clinical and functional outcomes in the majority of our patients were comparable in both groups with good prognosis. Hypertension, smoking, and elevated venous pressure, such as a history of deep venous thrombosis and asthma might be considered as a risk factor.
The histopathological findings of two nonbranching saccular cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Kida Satoru , Tenjin Hiroshi , Tokuyama Tsutomu , Saito Osamu
Published: April 2020

Cerebral aneurysms arising from nonbranching sites are different from ordinary branching aneurysms in clinical course and histology. We pathologically examined two cases of saccular aneurysm occurring at nonbranching sites. One was a pseudoaneurysm arising at a branch of the right pericallosal artery. The other had an entirely hyalinized and thickened aneurysmal wall. Despite similar angiographical findings, our two cases had different pathological features as described above. Based on the pathological findings obtained from these cases, we believe that aneurysms in nonbranching sites are caused by injury to the internal elastic lamina. A ruptured aneurysm may be discovered as a blood blister-like aneurysm, whereas an unruptured one may develop into a “nonbranching true aneurysm.”
Métodos de detecção de fibrose em pacientes cirróticos
Authors: Silva Thaís Sant’Ana Soares , Oliveira Poliana da Silva , Feitosa Riellen Vilanova , Silva Rafael de Azevedo , Brito Ana Paula de Santos Oliveira , Garcia Hamilton Cezar Rocha
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão sistemática de artigos publicados em inglês, espanhol e português na última década, visando a pesquisa sobre métodos de detecção de fibrose em pacientes cirróticos. Método: Foram selecionados estudos publicados em 2013 a 2018. Os descritores utilizados foram de “Cirrose Hepática”, “Diagnóstico” e “Hepatopatias”. As bases de dados consultadas foram MedLine, do SciELO, do Lilacs e do Science Direct. Resultados: Em 13 artigos, houve um aumento do interesse acerca desse tema na literatura, sobretudo no que tange a publicações acerca das vantagens e desvantagens dos métodos diagnósticos. Foram encontrados 4 artigos pesquisando o método invasivo (biópsia hepática), enquanto 9 artigos analisaram métodos não invasivos sendo que destes 9 citaram métodos de imagem e 4 citaram métodos séricos. Conclusão: Apesar dos grandes benefícios técnicos descritos na literatura, novas pesquisas devem ser realizadas afim de identificar métodos com melhor custo-efetividade e com mais precisão. Devido à amplitude de métodos, de seus níveis de fidelidade e de custo, foi possível relatar qual teria melhor custo-efetividade, sendo a ultrassonografia um exame de primeira linha. Os métodos séricos mostraram-se importantes para o monitoramento e apresentaram informações úteis de prognóstico dos pacientes. Ainda assim, a biópsia hepática é considerada o “padrão-ouro” dos métodos de diagnóstico de doenças hepáticas.
O voleibol e a participação de atletas trans: outro ponto de vista
Authors: Castro Pedro Henrique Zubcich Caiado de , Garcia Rafael Marques , Pereira Erik Giuseppe Barbosa
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste ensaio teórico consistiu em evidenciar um conjunto de argumentações que possibilite a compreensão da participação de pessoas transgênero no Esporte. Como fonte de inspiração, debruçamo-nos sobre a “carta”, amplamente divulgada nas redes sociais, pela ex-atleta Ana Paula Henkel. A carta revela a posição contrária da ex-atleta à participação da atleta trans Tifanny Abreu na Superliga nacional de voleibol, despontando-se um uso argumentativo de forma erística que desconsidera conceitos discutidos e divulgados no meio esportivo e acadêmico. Nesse sentido, podemos desconfiar que essa temática tem suscitado debates limitados ao discurso biomédico e desconsiderado o contexto sociocultural da inserção desses/as atletas. Por fim, importa ressaltar a necessidade de novas investigações sobre o tema para acompanhamento criterioso dos limites e possibilidades da participação trans no Esporte.
Produção sobre o handebol em periódicos nacionais: mapeamento e implicações para a subárea pedagógica
Authors: Cagliari Mayara De Sena , Ginciene Guy , Menezes Rafael Pombo , Sarruge Carina Da Silva Lara
Published: April 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi mapear e discutir a produção acadêmica sobre o handebol nos diferentes campos de conhecimento da Educação Física, especialmente o da subárea pedagógica. Realizou-se uma pesquisa do tipo estado da arte, em 10 periódicos nacionais e tradicionais da área da Educação Física, no recorte temporal de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2015. Os resultados indicaram que de 4.885 artigos publicados, 37 se relacionam com o handebol. Constatou-se a predominância da subárea pedagógica, seguida pela biodinâmica e pela sociocultural. Observou-se uma lacuna a partir das pesquisas analisadas, referente à abordagem do ensino do handebol em aulas de Educação Física escolar segundo as particularidades desse meio, mesmo com predomínio de estudos na subárea pedagógica.
Simulating model uncertainty of subgrid-scale processes by sampling model errors at convective scales
Authors: Van Ginderachter Michiel , Degrauwe Daan , Vannitsem Stéphane , Termonia Piet
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Ideally, perturbation schemes in ensemble forecasts should be based on the statistical properties of the model errors.
Often, however, the statistical properties of these model errors are unknown.
In practice, the perturbations are pragmatically modelled and tuned to maximize the skill of the ensemble forecast. In this paper a general methodology is developed to diagnose the model error, linked to a specific physical process, based on a comparison between a target and a reference model.
Here, the reference model is a configuration of the ALADIN (Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International) model with a parameterization of deep convection.
This configuration is also run with the deep-convection parameterization scheme switched off, degrading the forecast skill.
The model error is then defined as the difference of the energy and mass fluxes between the reference model with scale-aware deep-convection parameterization
and the target model without deep-convection parameterization. In the second part of the paper, the diagnosed model-error characteristics are used to stochastically perturb the fluxes of the target model
by sampling the model errors from a training period in such a way that the distribution and the vertical and multivariate correlation within a grid column are preserved.
By perturbing the fluxes it is guaranteed that the total mass, heat and momentum are conserved. The tests, performed over the period 11–20 April 2009, show that the ensemble system with the stochastic flux perturbations combined with the initial condition perturbations not only outperforms the target
ensemble, where deep convection is not parameterized, but for many variables it even performs better than the reference ensemble (with scale-aware deep-convection scheme).
The introduction of the stochastic flux perturbations reduces the small-scale erroneous spread while increasing the overall spread, leading to a more skillful ensemble.
The impact is largest in the upper troposphere with substantial improvements compared to other state-of-the-art stochastic perturbation schemes.
At lower levels the improvements are smaller or neutral, except for temperature where the forecast skill is degraded.
Alteridades visuales: las diferentes inscripciones fotográficas de los indígenas latinoamericanos en los retratos étnico-raciales a fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX
Authors: Reyes Macaya Rodolfo
Published: April 2020

Este artículo analiza las inscripciones visuales de las alteridades históricas, abordando los modos en que los indígenas latinoamericanos han sido representados por medio de la cámara fotográfica en diferentes momentos del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Es un estudio teórico donde se analizan los retratos de los “botocudos” en el Museo de Historia Natural de París (1844) a la luz del paradigma raciológico. Se exploran los criterios de cientificidad del retrato etnológico y sus formas de convivencia con el retrato costumbrista de fines comerciales, presentando las discusiones de los etnólogos en torno a la fotografía y los métodos etnográficos. Asimismo, se revisan las imágenes de los “fundadores” de la fotografía mapuche en Chile (1886, 1890), y se contrastan con otras formas de inscripción y codificación visual: la de los vencidos en el Museo de La Plata (1885) y la de una raza que se moderniza en el proyecto mapuche anglicano (1903). Se da cuenta de múltiples y diferentes miradas coloniales en las que, sin embargo, subsisten dos categorías como sustrato iconográfico, la de raza y etnia en tanto que marcaciones de alteridad.
Chaetocladius berythensis sp. n., C. callauensis sp. n., C. guardiolei sp. n. and C. parerai sp. n., four relict species inhabiting glacial springs and streams in eastern Pyrenees and Lebanon (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: Moubayed Joel , Langton Peter H
Published: April 2020

Four new species of the genus Chaetocladius s. str. (C. berythensis sp. n., C. callauensis sp. n., C. guardiolei sp. n. and C. parerai sp. n.) are diagnosed and described based on material collected in some glacial springs and small streams located at high altitude (1800-2300 m). While C. berythensis sp. n. is described only as male adult from the upper basin of the Beirut River (Lebanon Mount, Western range, Mount Sannine), C. callauensis sp. n. C. guardiolei sp. n. and C. parerai sp. n. are described as male adult accompanied by descriptions of tentatively associated male pupal exuviae from the upper basin of the Mantet River and Soques stream (eastern Pyrenees, West France). Additional taxonomic notes including illustrations and brief descriptions of 10 taxa/species based on male adults, male pharate adults and pupal exuviae collected in glacial springs, peat bogs and streams located at high altitude are provided. On the basis of characters in the male adult, only C. berythensis sp. n. keys to the laminatus-group, which is reported for the first time from the Levantine sub-region. Based on the unusual shape of both inferior volsella and gonostylus, the four new Chaetocladius species each belong to local biogeographic elements: C. berythensis sp. n. to a ‘Levantine element’, while C. callauensis sp. n., C. guardiolei sp. n. and C. parerai sp. n. belong to a ‘Pyrenean element’. All of the four new species are considered to be relict representatives of glacial helocrenes and cold stenothermic streams. Such species may be biological indicators and biogeographic representatives of global warming and local climate change.
Male description of the phytotelma-dwelling species Polypedilum parthenogeneticum (Chironomidae: Chironominae)
Authors: Donato Mariano , Baccaro Lara , Siri Augusto
Published: April 2020

The male of the phytotelma-dwelling species Polypedilum parthenogeneticum is described from Eryngium L. (Apiaceae) (Corrientes province, Argentina) and is included within the subgenus Polypedilum. The pupal diagnosis is emended, its geographic distribution is updated, and their taxonomic relationships with other Neotropical species of Polypedilum are discussed.
Thienemannimyia (Thienemannimyia) sinogalbina nom. n., a replacement name for Thienemannimyia galbina Cheng & Wang, 2009
Authors: Lin Xiao-Long , Wang Xin-Hua
Published: April 2020

The recent transfer of Hayesomyia galbina Cheng & Wang, 2006 to Thienemannimyia (Hayesomyia) created a homonymy with Thienemannimyia (Thienemannimyia) galbina Cheng & Wang, 2009. Thienemannimyia (Hayesomyia) galbina (Cheng & Wang, 2006) has priority and Thienemannimyia (Thienemannimyia) sinogalbina nom. n. is proposed as a new replacement for the junior secondary homonymy Thienemannimyia (Thienemannimyia) galbina Cheng & Wang, 2009.
Oropuella, a new genus of Orthocladiinae from the western Nearctic
Authors: Fasbender Andrew
Published: April 2020

A new genus and two species of the subfamily Orthocladiinae are described from western North America. Oropuella gen. n. shows affinities to Parametriocnemus Goetghebuer and Paraphaenocladius Thienemann, but can be distinguished by morphology for all life stages. Two novel species are placed in the new genus, Oropuella eidolon sp. n and Oropuella pallida sp. n. Amendments to current genus keys are given to incorporate the new genus, and the current state of Orthocladiinae species taxonomy in the western Nearctic is discussed.
Nursing intervention assessment tool fall prevention in elderly people with systemic arterial hypertension
Authors: Pinheiro Paula Cristina Morais , Ferreira Glauciano de Oliveira , Guerra Francisca Valúzia Guedes , Cavalcante Tahissa Frota , Guedes Nirla Gomes , Moreira Rafaella Pessoa
Published: April 2020

Background and objective: Elderly people are at greater risk for falls and, therefore, need effective interventions to prevent them. The aim of the study was to develop an assessment tool for nursing intervention fall prevention to elderly with arterial hypertension and with nursing diagnosis Risk of falls.Methods: A methodological study, accomplished in four stages: activities selection of the fall Prevention intervention from Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC); 2) construction of constructive definitions and operational for selected activities; 3) expert validation of constructed definitions; 4) pretest of the final assessment tool.Results: The experts selected 50 activities out of 65 presented by NIC. The constitutive and operational definitions of the 50 activities were elaborated. From the focus group, some activities were grouped and the content of others changed. The pretest showed that, although the application of the assessment tool with the definitions take longer, it was more complete and targeted. The final assessment tool contains 28 activities with constitutive definitions and operational.Conclusions: The produced assessment tool has nursing activities with constitutive and operational definitions suitable for clinical nursing practice. It is believed that it can lead the intervention of the nurses in preventing falls in elderly people with SAH and with the nursing diagnosis Risk of falls.
Harvesting System Suitability as Decision Support in Selection Cutting Forest Management in Northwest Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Marčeta Dane , Petković Vladimir , Ljubojević Darko , Potočnik Igor
Published: April 2020

Planning of forest harvesting operations is one of the key elements of successful forest management. The integration of modern tools and traditional forestry procedures is something that must be done in contemporary forestry. This research investigated the use of multicriteria decision support (AHP) and GIS in choosing the optimal harvesting system for predominantly selection cutting forest management on the example of two Forest Management Units (FMU). Results showed that AHP could be easily integrated into GIS using the extAHP tool and its results could be of help, along with other input data, in choosing the optimal harvesting system. Spatial analysis of raster data in GIS gives a comprehensive insight into the stand and terrain characteristics and shows the relative share of the area proposed for each system. In FMU »Kozara–Mlječanica«, the harvesting system chainsaw-skidder had the highest relative share with 44% of the area, meaning that it is almost the only harvesting system in current use, followed by chainsaw-forwarder (36%), chainsaw-cable yarder (19%), and chainsaw-adapted agriculture tractor (AAT) (1%). The system harvester-forwarder was not used at all, which is understandable considering that FMU »Kozara–Mlječanica« has a higher average slope and higher diameter of trees to be cut than FMU »Prosara«, where harvester-forwarder system accounts for a significant 36% of the area. The dominant system in FMU »Prosara« was chainsaw-forwarder (42%), followed by chainsaw-cable yarder (17%), chainsaw-skidder (4%) and chainsaw-AAT (1%). It should be noted that the presence of chainsaw-skidder system is insignificant. It is replaced by the system chainsaw-forwarder. Traditional harvesting system chainsaw-skidder, which prevails in Bosnia and Herzegovina, should be upgraded with the new technologies and methods. Using tools like multicriteria decision support and GIS could be of great help in that process.
Największe osiągnięcia budownictwa mostowego w ostatnich latach.
Część 1. Kryterium rozpiętości przęseł
Authors: Radomski Wojciech
Published: April 2020

Zdefiniowano tendencje rozwojowe mostownictwa w ostatnich dwóch dekadach. Przedstawiono, scharakteryzowano
i zilustrowano rekordowe w skali świata oraz Polski rozpiętości przęseł w zależności od rodzaju i podstawowego materiału konstrukcji
(betonu lub stali). Wskazano na wysoki poziom czołowych osiągnięć krajowego mostownictwa i jego zbieżność ze światowymi tendencjami rozwojowymi. Inne osiągnięcia inżynierii mostowej będą przedmiotem artykułu
w następnym numerze czasopisma.
Detoxification of Drug and Substance Abuse
Authors: Kanti Das Sreemoy
Published: April 2020

Detoxification is a process of abolishing a substance of dependence from the body in a way which does not hinder the body’s physiology. Detoxification often takes a couple of days and half a month to finish, which is contingent upon the substance being abused, the seriousness of reliance and the help accessible to the client. Metabolism plays an important role in an effective detoxification process; some of the eminent enzymes are discussed in this review, which helps in excretion of xenobiotics. Psychosocial treatments nearby pharmacological medicines are fundamental to improve result. The over reliance conditions considered in this review are detoxification from opioids with clonidine-naltrexone, buprenorphine and other procedures, detoxification of benzodiazepines through adjunctive therapies and medications. Detoxification of psychostimulants with propranolol and amantadine is also discussed in detail.
Interactions of Positrons and Electrons with Hydrogenic Systems, Excitation, Resonances, and Photoabsorption in Two-Electron Systems
Authors: K. Bhatia Anand
Published: April 2020

There are a number of approaches to study interactions of positrons and electrons with hydrogenic targets. Among the most commonly used are the method of polarized orbital, the close-coupling approximation, and the R-matrix formulation. The last two approaches take into account the short-range and long-range correlations. The method of polarized orbital takes into account only long-range correlations but is not variationally correct. This method has recently been modified to take into account both types of correlations and is variationally correct. It has been applied to calculate phase shifts of scattering from hydrogenic systems like H, He+, and Li2+. The phase shifts obtained using this method have lower bounds to the exact phase shifts and agree with those obtained using other approaches. This approach has also been applied to calculate resonance parameters in two-electron systems obtaining results which agree with those obtained using the Feshbach projection-operator formalism. Furthermore this method has been employed to calculate photodetachment and photoionization of two-electron systems, obtaining very accurate cross sections which agree with the experimental results. Photodetachment cross sections are particularly useful in the study of the opacity of the sun. Recently, excitation of the atomic hydrogen by electron impact and also by positron impact has been studied by this method.
Venomics Study of Protobothrops flavoviridis Snake: How Venom Proteins Have Evolved and Diversified?
Authors: Ogawa Tomohisa , Shibata Hiroki
Published: April 2020

Venomics projects have been conducted to disclose the divergent profiles and evolution of various venomous animals. Here, we describe the venomics project including genome and transcriptome of habu snake, leading to drug discovery. Venomics project including the decoding of their whole genomes revealed partly a producing mechanism of various venom proteins including accelerated evolution and alternative splicing and how the toxic organisms have evolved from the nontoxic ones. In addition, the venomics analysis of transcriptomes and proteomes beyond species reveals the relationship between the geographical distribution and evolution of toxic organisms. The abundance of different gene products within a gene family caused by accelerated evolution and alternative splicing may contribute to expand the repertoire of effective weapons to prey capture accompanied with neofunctionalization.
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Landscape and Horizon
Authors: Tang Laura H.
Published: April 2020

Context.—

Since the initial description of pancreatic endocrine physiology and the recognition of islet cell tumors in the 1800s, there have been noteworthy advances in the pathobiology of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs), and definition of the important distinction between well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (PanNEC). The evolving knowledge has resulted in a continuous update in terminology, classification, and grading system for this group of neoplasms. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors associated with hereditary conditions have been linked to unique molecular and genetic events, and sporadic PanNETs have specific gene signatures. Based on accumulative experience and knowledge, therapeutic strategies have been defined for this group of neoplasms.

Objective.—

To review the evolution and description of the pathologic-genomic evolution of PanNENs, and to facilitate accurate pathologic interpretation for the corresponding clinical management.

Data Sources.—

Literature review of published studies and author's own work.

Conclusions.—

Evolving experience and knowledge have established subtypes of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, based on their genotype and phenotype. Accurate pathologic interpretation of the specific neoplasm has significant implications for therapy and prognosis.
DIDACTIC SKILLS IN THE FIELD OF DEVELOPING CREATIVITY AND INNOVATIVENESS OF A STUDENT
Authors: Kožuh Anna
Published: April 2020

The authoress of this article highlights the areas of mutual connections and dependencies between theory and practice of students’ creative development, making at the same time an attempt to show creativity against the background of didactic competence of a teacher. She describes the discussed creativity in the teachers’ attitude primarily as an incessant search for better didactic solutions, discovering new learning opportunities and challenging the hitherto accepted assumptions of working with students. She points out that the leading trait of the teacher’s creativity is also the ability to look for different ways of solving the same problem. In this article creative educational initiatives are analysed as well, they are perceived as a chance of creating more effective methods for a teacher to work with his or her students and facilitate their development and growth on many creative levels.
The Problems of Preserving the Paleolithic Image of a Camel in the Kapova Cave
Authors: Zhitenev Vladislav Sergeevich , Chervyatsova Olga Yakovlevna
Published: April 2020

The article presents an analysis of the causes for the unsatisfactory conservation state of the Upper Paleolithic wall image of a two-humped camel in the Kapova cave (South Ural, Republic of Bashkortostan). The work in revealing the monument's original colorful painting without a preliminary scientific examination of the layered calcite crusts, the absence among the organizers and participants of restoration specialists, archaeologists and karstologists with extensive work experience in the Kapova Cave - an archaeological monument of national significance, led to the corrosion of these unique images' colorful layers. The karstological and archaeological studies of the "Horses and Signs" panel in the Chaos Hall were undertaken in 2009 by the article's authors and are still ongoing. The discovery of the two-humped camel image and its significance for studying the culture of the Upper Paleolithic has pushed to the background the significant issue of preserving this image. The article presents the first review of the causes for the unsuccessful exposure of the monument's drawing. The modern state of the Chaos Hall in the Kapova Cave provides unfavorable conditions for the preservation of these drawings, exposed from beneath calcite crusts, which have acted as a natural preservative. The main factor of destruction is tied to the abundant focal infiltration of karst waters, which have variable physical and chemical parameters due to the high permeability of the rock mass. At the same time, there are no tested methods of protecting paint layers of exposed images in caves, which puts the Kapova Cave drawings at risk of rapid degradation. At the present stage of cave exploration, new clearing of drawings is unacceptable and may lead to their destruction.
Changes in Core Reduction Models on Upper Paleolithic Sites in the Northwest Caucasus
Authors: Nedomolkin Andrey Georgievich
Published: April 2020

The article presents an analysis of the changes in core reduction models at different stages of the Upper Paleolithic in the Northwest Caucasus. The broad chronological framework of this study (40 thousand - 12 thousand years ago) makes it possible to trace the changes in the preferred models for the use of cores. The correlation of the change dynamics in the main core reduction models along with a change in the metric and morphological features of the chips allowed the author to trace the development of stone knepping technology throughout the entire Upper Paleolithic era in the Northwest Caucasus. Methods. The work is based on an analysis of core morphology. All the cores from the collections were divided into several categories: core-shaped pieces, prismatic cores, edge-faceted cores, karenoid cores, and residual core fragments. Upon analyzing the morphology, the author takes into account the number of cleavage systems and their relative position. Based on the analysis of core morphology, the author determined the main reduction models. The identification of core reduction models is correlated with a change in the metric features of preformed chips. The author's analysis of core morphology revealed a number of trends. 1. There was a shift from the knepping technology, which includes two reduction models (knepping from prismatic and edge-faceted cores in the Early Upper Paleolithic (layer 1C of the Mezmay Cave), and in the first stage of the Late Upper Paleolithic) to primary splitting of prismatic cores in the late period of the Late Upper Paleolithic and in the Epipaleolithic. 2. The change in core reduction models was accompanied by a change in the metric features of the plate chips (an increase in the average value of the chip width and a decrease in the average value of the relative chip thickness).
The General and Particular in the Perceptions of the Human Life Cycle in the Culture of the Middle Volga Region Peoples in the 19th Century
Authors: Lepeshkina Larisa
Published: April 2020

The research subject of the article is the ideas that the peoples of the Middle Volga region had about the human life cycle in the 19th century - processes of birth, initiation, marriage and death. The aim of the article is to identify the general (typical) and particular (unique) in these perceptions as categories that unite and at the same time separate the inhabitants of the region. The general expresses the universal features inherent in all ethnic cultures of the Middle Volga region. The particular describe the local properties that act as markers of the identity of each ethnic group. The boundaries between the general and the particular in the Middle Volga region have a symbolic designation, since the region had for several centuries a complex synthesis of the interactions between Western, Russian and Eastern traditions. The article's research methods are based on the principle of historicism. The author uses structural and typological analysis to determine the general and particular in the Volga peoples' ideas about the life cycle, as well as the comparative-historical, logical and retrospective methods. The novelty of this study lies in the culturological comprehension of their ideas about the human life cycle in the regional culture, formed under the influence of paganism, Christianity and Islam. An important role in preserving the ethno-confessional values of the inhabitants of the Middle Volga region was played by the peasant community. The author concludes that the spread of Christianity and Islam in the region under the pressure of state power and as a result of intercultural interaction had made it possible to develop the universal requirements for human living. In this case, the particular was preserved at the level of individual rites. The source materials used in the article can be useful for scholars, culturologists, teachers, students and specialists developing programs in the field of preserving the cultural heritage of the region.
The preclinical pharmacological study on HX0969W, a novel water-soluble pro-drug of propofol, in rats
Authors: Zhang YuJun , Jiang YingYing , Wang HaiYan , Wang Bin , Yang Jun , Kang Yi , Chen Jun , Liu Jin , Zhang Wen-sheng
Published: April 2020

Background

Propofol is the most widely used intravenous sedative-hypnotic anesthetic in clinical practice. However, many serious side effects have been related to its lipid emulsion formulation. The pro-drug design approach was used to develop the water-soluble propofol, which could effectively resolve the limitations associated with the lipid emulsion formulation. Thus, the new water-soluble pro-drug of propofol, HX0969W, was designed and synthesized. The objective of this study was to conduct preclinical pharmacological studies on this novel water-soluble pro-drug of propofol.

Methods

The assessment of the loss of the righting reflex (LoRR) was used for the pharmacodynamic study, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography- fluorescence were used for the pharmacokinetic study.

Results

The potency of HX0969W (ED50[95% CI], 46.49 [43.89–49.29] mg/kg) was similar to that of fospropofol disodium (43.66 [43.57–43.75] mg/kg), but was lower than that of propofol (4.82 [4.8–14.82] mg/kg). Administered with a dose of 2-fold ED50, propofol required a shorter time to cause LoRR than that of HX0969W and fospropofol. However, the LoRR duration was significantly longer in response to the administration of HX0969W and fospropofol disodium than that caused by propofol. In the pharmacokinetic study, the Cmaxof fospropofol was higher than that of HX0969W. HX0969W had a shorter mean residual time and a rapid clearance rate than that of fospropofol disodium. There was no significant difference between the Tmaxof the propofol whether it was released by HX0969W or fospropofol disodium; the Cmaxof propofol released by HX0969W was similar to that of propofol, which was higher than the propofol released by fospropofol disodium.
Personality, confirmation bias, and forensic interviewing performance
Authors: Melinder Annika , Brennen Tim , Husby Mikael Falkhaugen , Vassend Olav
Published: April 2020

Confirmation bias is a universal characteristic of human cognition, with consequences for information processing and reasoning in everyday situations as well as in professional work such as forensic interviewing. Cognitive measures such as general intelligence are also related to personality traits, but there is a lack of research on personality and confirmation bias specifically. This study focuses, firstly, on the relationship between Big Five personality traits and confirmation bias as measured by the Wason selection task, and secondly, how these dispositions are related to observed performance in real forensic interviews of child victims. In a sample of police interviewers, Openness (i.e., the facets Ideas and Fantasy) and Neuroticism (i.e., the facets Anxiety and Vulnerability) were independently associated with confirmation bias (N = 72). Scores on the selection task, the Openness facet values, and the Extraversion facets Assertiveness and Activity were consistently related to interview performance (N = 46). Implications of these findings are discussed for the empirical and conceptual relations of cognitive ability to personality and for the selection and training of police interviewers and their professional development.
Dynamic Structural Color from Wrinkled Thin Films
Authors: Zhou Liangwei , Yang Lili , Liu Yang , Xu Zhao , Yin Jie , Ge Dengteng , Jiang Xuesong
Published: April 2020

Structural color caused by thin‐film interference is widespread and simple in nature. Many researchers have already showed the reversible color change of structural color system, but it is difficult to regulate dynamically with tunable intensity and viewable angle. Herein, a dynamic structural color platform is reported by combining spontaneous thin film interference and wrinkling phenomenon in nature. This robust yet low cost strategy enables large‐scale and spatially arbitrary preparation of a uniform structural color surface through the whole visible spectral range. Furthermore, the prepared isotropic and anisotropic structural colors on disordered and ordered wrinkled thin films (WTFs) exhibit different optical properties that can be precisely and reversibly regulated by ultraviolet (UV) light and near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation. This exquisite and tunable structural color platform may find applications in information storage, smart display, anticounterfeiting and encryption.
Supported Bifunctional Chiral Thioureas as Catalysts in the Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐2‐Oxindoles through Enantioselective aza‐Friedel‐Crafts Reaction: Application in Continuous Flow Processes
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Marta , Maestro Alicia , Andrés José M. , Pedrosa Rafael
Published: April 2020

Supported cinchone‐derived thioureas promote highly enantioselective aza‐Friedel‐Crafts reaction of different naphthols with a variety of N‐Boc ketimines derived from isatin. The catalysts are recoverable and reusable, and one of the supported catalysts has been used in a flow process allowing the synthesis of 3‐amino‐2‐oxindole derivatives in multigram scale with high yield and enantioselectivity.

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The apples and oranges of reference and potential evapotranspiration: Implications for agroecosystem models
Authors: DeJonge Kendall C. , Thorp Kelly R. , Marek Gary W.
Published: April 2020

Although standardized evapotranspiration (ET) methods have been available for decades, they are commonly misunderstood, miscommunicated, and misused, especially within the agroecosystem modeling community. Some models misapply or misname standardized ET methods unbeknownst to users, and there is confusion in communication between applied ET practitioners and agroecosystem modelers. By highlighting some of these issues, we demonstrate and suggest the need for improved and consistent communication and application of standardized ET methodology.
Implications of chloride application rate and nitrogen fertilizer source to flue‐cured tobacco
Authors: Pace C.R. , Vann M.C. , Fisher L.R. , Hardy D.H.
Published: April 2020

Chloride assimilation by flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) can negatively impact leaf development and quality when tissue concentration exceeds 1%. The influences of Cl− application rate and N fertilizer sources have not been fully described in field research utilizing reduced‐cost or custom‐blend fertility programs that are common in modern times. Research was conducted to test the interaction of four Cl− application rates (0, 34, 67, and 101 kg ha−1) and four N fertilizer sources {calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2; ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3; liquid urea‐ammonium nitrate [UAN], and ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4} on the growth and development of flue‐cured tobacco. The impact of N source was minimal in green leaf tissue; however, (NH4)2SO4 reduced cured leaf quality relative to other N sources. Two weeks after fertilizer application, Cl− rates ≥34 kg ha−1 reduced foliar total N and NO3− measurements by 0.12−0.42% and 789−1348 mg kg−1, respectively. Leaf NO3− concentration was also reduced by Cl− application at the layby growth stage, while P, K, and Mg increased following Cl− application in late‐season measurements. After curing, total N and alkaloids were reduced by an average of 0.17 and 0.23%, respectively, while reducing sugars were increased by 1.67% where Cl− was applied. Chloride concentration exceeded 1% in application rates ≥34 kg ha−1 in early‐season and post‐curing measurements, although toxicity symptoms were not observed nor were yield, quality, or value affected. Farmers should adhere to the current recommendation of ≤34 kg Cl− ha−1 to ensure that cigarette manufacturers receive tobacco that is usable in products.
Nontransient third‐degree heart block and persistent respiratory findings as sequelae of acute occupational exposure to pyrethroids insecticide
Authors: Alexandri Maya , Spaeth Kenneth R.
Published: April 2020

We present the case of a worker with occupational exposure to a pyrethroid insecticide who acutely developed nontransient third‐degree heart block. In 2000, a 57‐year‐old male truck driver on his delivery route was accidentally exposed to pyrethroid insecticide being sprayed for West Nile virus containment. Both the driver and his vehicle were coated with the spray. The exposure was prolonged because he did not change his clothes until after his shift ended and he used the same contaminated truck for a week. Within days, he presented with a third‐degree heart block, for which he was emergently treated, and a pacemaker was placed. He had no past history of arrhythmias. In the weeks thereafter, he also developed reactive airway dysfunction syndrome (RADS). In the second decade following the exposure, the patient replaced his pacemaker, confirming the permanent nature of his heart block. In addition to the persistence of his exposure‐related RADS, he developed restrictive lung disease and was diagnosed with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in the absence of established risk factors. The patient died in October 2019 from respiratory illness. Most previous reports of pyrethroid‐related disorders are limited to acute exposures, in which transient symptoms predominate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an exposed worker experiencing permanent third‐degree heart block, as well as persistent respiratory findings, as possible short‐ and long‐term sequelae of pyrethroid exposure.
Hutchinson‐Gilford Progeria syndrome: Report of the first Togolese case
Authors: Guedenon Koffi M. , Doubaj Yassamine , Akolly Djatougbe A. E. , Barry Moussa Weli , Saka Bayaki , Adjenou Komlavi , Belo Mofou , Pio Machihude , Mihluedo‐Agbolan Komlan A. , Vonor Kokou , Amedome Kokou M. , Tchaou Mazamaesso , Atakouma Yawo D. , Gbadoe Adama D. , Dossou Comlan F. , Fiawoo Mawouto , Gnassingbe Komla , Pitche Palokinam , Agbèrè Diparidè A. , Gnamey Didier K.
Published: April 2020

The aim of this article is to describe the first case of Hutchinson‐Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) in Togo and review all Africans cases. Our patient was a 12.8‐year‐old Togolese boy followed in our unit till he was 15‐year‐old for HGPS. He was the only child of non‐consanguineous parents. The phenotypic findings were craniofacial dysmorphy, dwarfism, lipodystrophy, diffusely scattered hyperpigmented foci, pyriform thorax, nail dystrophy, decreased joint mobility, and camptodactyly. He had characteristic facies with prominent forehead, prominent eyes, absent ear lobule, thin nasal skin, convex nasal profile, micrognathia, and crowded teeth. Radiologicals findings were bilateral coxa valga, pyriform thorax, and acro‐osteolysis. We sequenced the entire coding region of LMNA gene, and mutation analysis revealed a heterozygous mutation c.1824C>T (p.Gly608Gly). Our patient is therefore the fifth African and the fourth with classical mutation, first of Western Africa, and second of (sub‐Saharan) African black race. The recurrence of HGPS is low like the cause is neomutation or germinal mosaicism.