bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jusnaturalism and legal positivism in contemporary American jurisprudence
Authors: Djurdjic Sanja
Published: January 2014

In contemporary American jurisprudence, there are many different
legal-theoretical courses, orientations and legal schools. In this work, the
author tries to analyze jusnaturalism and legal positivism. The reason for
commitment for these two legal theories the author finds in the fact that
they are actually modern forms of theories with a rich philosophical
tradition. The paper argues that the jusnaturalism is the oldest
philosophical tradition. Legal positivism was developed in opposition to
jusnaturalism in the mid-19th century. The author points out that
contemporary American jurisprudence marks the conflict between jusnaturalism
and legal positivism. The main reason for their disagreement is the question
of the relationship between law and morality. The paper analyzes the
differences between the modern version of legal positivism and jusnaturalism
and their classical theories. It is noticeable that the modern versions are
purified and softened versions of the classic theories. The author concludes
that a kind of mitigation of positivist-jusnaturalism dispute has already
begun. Finally, the author allows that in the further development of
contemporary American jurisprudence a significant convergence of legal
positivism and jusnaturalism can reasonably be expected.
Restoring the Tower of Babel: How Foreign Firms Communicate with U.S. Investors
Authors: Lundholm Russell J. , Rogo Rafael , Zhang Jenny Li
Published: January 2014

We examine the readability of text and the use of numbers in the annual filings and earnings press releases of foreign firms listed on U.S. stock exchanges. We find that foreign firms generally write clearer text and present relatively more numerical data than their U.S. firm counterparts. More importantly, we find that the readability of the text and use of numbers increases as the foreign firms get geographically further from the U.S. It also increases as the foreign firm's home country has greater differences in accounting standards or investor protection laws relative to the U.S. Further corroborating our results, we also find that these communication efforts are partially successful. Within a country, firms that produce relatively more readable disclosures attract relatively more U.S. institutional ownership. Collectively, our results suggest that foreign firms are responding to a perceived reluctance on the part of U.S. investors to own them and attempt to lower the investors' information disadvantage or psychological distance by providing clearer and more concrete disclosures.
Can Professional Environments in Schools Promote Teacher Development? Explaining Heterogeneity in Returns to Teaching Experience
Authors: Kraft Matthew A. , Papay John P.
Published: January 2014

Although wide variation in teacher effectiveness is well established, much less is known about differences in teacher improvement over time. We document that average returns to teaching experience mask large variation across individual teachers and across groups of teachers working in different schools. We examine the role of school context in explaining these differences using a measure of the professional environment constructed from teachers responses to state-wide surveys. Our analyses show that teachers working in more supportive professional environments improve their effectiveness more over time than teachers working in less supportive contexts. On average, teachers working in schools at the 75th percentile of professional environment ratings improved 38% more than teachers in schools at the 25th percentile after 10 years.
Psychiatrists’ Association Of Nepal - Future Of Psychiatric Services In Nepal - A Mission And Vision Document
Authors: Koirala NR
Published: January 2014

No abstract available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9717 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 3-5
Psychiatric Co-morbidity in HIV/AIDS: A Neglected Issue
Authors: Subedi S , Chalise P , Aich TK , Thapa DK
Published: January 2014

HIV/AIDS epidemic remains among the most significant challenges to public healthcare systems worldwide . There are approximately 50,200 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in Nepal among the total 33 million PLHAs . Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a significant cause of death and disability, especially in developing countries. Studies have shown that there is a bidirectional link between Mental illness and HIV/AIDS. However, mental illnesses are under detected in HIV/AIDS care settings. In spite of a good financial support from international partners, PLHA in Nepal do not receive necessary psychiatric services. Psychiatric illness in patients with HIV/AIDS has been associated with negative health behaviors and poorer clinical outcomes. This article, therefore, aims to highlight this issue among the stakeholders by reviewing the research on the topic in Nepal and making them aware of the need to DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9718  J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 6-10
A Descriptive study of referral in Department of Psychiatry in Tertiary Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Chapagai M , Dangol KM , Ojha SP , Rana M , Tulachan P
Published: January 2014

Background There are many definition of liaison psychiatry. The American Academy of psychosomatic medicine has suggested the term “medical and surgical psychiatry”. Much of the literature on Consultation Liaison (C-L) Psychiatry concerns the psychiatric assessment and management of patients in a general hospital.   Method This was a descriptive study consisting of all the cases referred for liaison psychiatric consultation from inpatient units of various departments of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, between October 2012 to April 2013. Patients of any age and of either gender were included.   Result A total of 95 patients were referred from different departments of the hospital for liaison psychiatric consultation within the 6 months period. Majority of the subjects were male .The mean age of the subjects was 42.47 years (±19.98). Neurotic and stress-related disorders were seen associated with female.   Conclusion: Mainly young adults and adult between 21-50 years of age are referred for liaison. Neurotic and stress-related disorders (30.5%), organic mental disorders (27.4%) and mental and behavioral disorders due to substance use cases (16.8%) were mainly referred for liaison psychiatric consultation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9721   J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 22-25
Prevalence of depression in Patients with Epilepsy: A study from Tribhuvan University- Teaching Hospital
Authors: Adhikari AP , Ojha SP , Chapagai M , Tulachan P
Published: January 2014

Background: Epilepsy is often associated with mental and behavioral problems. Depression is one of the commonest psychiatric comorbidity among patients suffering from epilepsy leading to poorer seizure control and adversely affecting their quality of life. The objectives of this study were to know the prevalence of depression among patients with epilepsy and to see for any association with demographic and clinical variables.   Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in patients with epilepsy attending psychiatry outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital, Tribhuvan University-Teaching Hospital (TUTH). All consecutive patients with epilepsy meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were involved in the study after obtaining informed consent. Depression was diagnosed using semi structured proforma and ICD-10 DCR criteria. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 and analysis carried out using descriptive statistics.   Results: Out of total 68 patients, 58.8% were male. About 54.4% of subjects were single and 26.5%were students. Out of the total subject, 79.4% were from rural areas. About 37%cases were having depression at the time of the interview. Male gender, younger age, having generalized epilepsy was more associated with depression.   Conclusion: Depression was found to be highly prevalent psychiatric co- morbidity among the patients with epilepsy. Patients of younger age group, men and having generalized epilepsy were more prone to have depression. The study emphasized need for proper psychiatric evaluation for overall management of patients with epilepsy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9725 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 39-42
Psychogenic Blindness: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Dutta A , Poudel R , Thapa LJ , Pokhrel B
Published: January 2014

Psychogenic blindness is a type of dissociative sensory loss which is characterized by unilateral or bilateral loss of vision/poor vision in the absence of any organic cause. We present a case of psychogenic blindness in a 21 years old female, 32 weeks primigravida who had presented with both eye complete loss of vision of 6 days duration. On admission , ophthalmological and neurological examination revealed no abnormality of visual pathways . Psychoeducation and reaasurance lead to complete visual recovery after 12 hrs of first psychiatric intervention.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9729 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 49-51
Accuracy of Geoimputation
Authors: Wang Xin , Khattak Asad , Chen Juyin
Published: January 2014

The role of the built environment in travel behavior has seen increased interest by strategic transportation planners. To capture relationships between travel behavior and the built environment, microenvironment variables representing infrastructure and land uses surrounding trip origins and destinations are being used as explanatory variables in travel demand models. Buffers of various sizes can be created around origins or destinations to capture the microenvironments. A key requirement is knowledge of the exact coordinates (latitude and longitude) of trip locations. However, such information is commonly removed from public use data because of privacy concerns. To assess whether synthetic geo-imputed residences can overcome the removal of exact location information, two data sets from activity-based travel surveys in North Carolina (Research Triangle survey, N = 4,724, and Charlotte survey, N = 3,310) were analyzed. The fundamental question was whether the geoimputed microenvironmental measurements could be used to model travel behavior sufficiently and accurately. Residences, geoimputed residences, and residences assumed to be located at centroids of census blocks (as is current practice) were compared. The data indicate that (a) the assignment of census block centroids results in statistically significant systematic errors when the accessibility measures are measured; (b) geoimputation based on the level of the traffic analysis zone can provide reasonably accurate accessibility measures in larger buffer sizes of 0.75 mi but not in smaller buffers of 0.25 mi; and (c) geoimputation based on census block level provides accessibility measures that are sufficiently accurate for specifying travel behavior models.
Linking Elderly Transport Mobility and Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Ravulaparthy Srinath , Yoon Seo Youn , Goulias Konstadinos G.
Published: January 2014

Mobility is critical for social integration in a complex urban society and essential to the maintenance of life satisfaction and well-being. Subjective well-being has recently become a topic of interest within the transportation research community. This paper aims to understand the fundamental linkages between subjective well-being or happiness and transport mobility–travel behavior of the elderly population. The research here is based on data from the Supplement on Disability and Use of Time for 2009, which specifically targeted senior couples with an average age of 68. With the use of scores to a set of satisfaction questions about life, health, memory, finances, and marriage, latent class clusters are estimated. This estimate leads to four distinct clusters of respondents that depend on the degree of happiness in each of the satisfaction questions. With the membership of each cluster as a dependent variable, ordered probit and multinomial logistic regression models are estimated to study the relationship between clusters and individual characteristics, including sociodemographics, activity patterns, time use, and use of active modes (walking–bicycling). The results show that respondents who engage in activities out of the home, socialize, and enjoy better mobility also report higher levels of subjective well-being leading to a better quality of life. The model findings also show that illness and pain are related to lower well-being and that quality of life in older age is correlated to mobility.
Are Transit Trips Symmetrical in Time and Space?
Authors: Lee Sang Gu , Hickman Mark
Published: January 2014

This study exploits electronic fare collection data to examine the symmetry of boardings and alightings along a transit route. The symmetry of boardings and alightings is arguably the most important concept in the estimation of travel distances such as average trip lengths and passenger miles from data from entry-only fare collection systems. The paper shows the ways such data can be used to examine the symmetry of boardings and alightings through travel patterns in spatial and temporal dimensions. A novel method for aggregating stops, especially for the nearest stops in the opposite direction, is used to compare boardings in one direction with alightings in the opposite direction. Spatially, the method allows examination of the characteristics of boardings and alightings in a spatial dimension. Temporally, the method examines whether a specific and symmetric passenger flow is observed between specific periods (e.g., between morning and afternoon peaks). A case study of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Minnesota, region is performed by using automatically collected data from Metro Transit. Automatic fare collection data reveal considerable variation in passenger flow between specific periods. The use of automated passenger-counting data shows this variation to be statistically significant when both temporal and spatial symmetry are examined on an individual day.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin Grade III arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Kano Hideyuki , Flickinger John C. , Yang Huai-che , Flannery Thomas J. , Tonetti Daniel , Niranjan Ajay , Lunsford L. Dade
Published: January 2014

Object

The purpose of this study was to define the outcomes and risks of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for Spetzler-Martin (SM) Grade III arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Methods

Between 1987 and 2009, SRS was performed in 474 patients with SM Grade III AVMs. The AVMs were categorized by scoring the size (S), drainage (D), and location (L): IIIa was a small AVM (S1D1L1, N = 282); IIIb was a medium/deep AVM (S2D1L0, N = 44); and IIIc was a medium/eloquent AVM (S2D0L1, N = 148). The median target volume was 3.8 ml (range 0.1–26.3 ml) and the margin dose was 20 Gy (range 13–25 Gy). Eighty-one patients (17%) underwent prior embolization, and 58 (12%) underwent prior resection.

Results

At a mean follow-up of 89 months, the total obliteration rates documented by angiography or MRI for all SM Grade III AVMs increased from 48% at 3 years to 69% at 4 years, 72% at 5 years, and 77% at 10 years. The SM Grade IIIa AVMs were more likely to obliterate than other subgroups. The cumulative rate of hemorrhage was 2.3% at 1 year, 4.4% at 2 years, 5.5% at 3 years, 6.4% at 5 years, and 9% at 10 years. The SM Grade IIIb AVMs had a significantly higher cumulative rate of hemorrhage. Symptomatic adverse radiation effects were detected in 6%.

Conclusions

Treatment with SRS was an effective and relatively safe management option for SM Grade III AVMs. Although patients with residual AVMs remained at risk for hemorrhage during the latency interval, the cumulative 10-year 9% hemorrhage risk in this series may represent a significant reduction compared with the expected natural history.
Osteosarcoma of the cranial vault and skull base in pediatric patients
Authors: Hadley Caroline , Gressot Loyola V. , Patel Akash J. , Wang Lisa L. , Flores Ricardo J. , Whitehead William E. , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jea Andrew , Bollo Robert J.
Published: January 2014

Cranial osteosarcoma is very rare in children, rendering the development of optimal treatment algorithms challenging. The authors present 3 cases of pediatric cranial osteosarcoma: a primary calvarial tumor, a cranial metastasis, and a primary osteosarcoma of the cranial base. A review of the literature demonstrates significant variation in the management of cranial osteosarcomas and the outcome for patients with these tumors. This series and literature review is presented to improve the understanding of pediatric cranial osteosarcoma and to reinforce the importance of maximal resection in optimizing outcome.
Structural Data on the Periplasmic Aldehyde Oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli: SAXS and Preliminary X-ray Crystallography Analysis
Authors: Otrelo-Cardoso Ana , Da Silva Correia Márcia , Schwuchow Viola , Svergun Dmitri , Romão Maria , Leimkühler Silke , Santos-Silva Teresa
Published: January 2014

The periplasmic aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli is a molybdenum enzyme involved in detoxification of aldehydes in the cell. It is an example of an αβγ heterotrimeric enzyme of the xanthine oxidase family of enzymes which does not dimerize via its molybdenum cofactor binding domain. In order to structurally characterize PaoABC, X-ray crystallography and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) have been carried out. The protein crystallizes in the presence of 20% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 3350 using the hanging-drop vapour diffusion method. Although crystals were initially twinned, several experiments were done to overcome twinning and lowering the crystallization temperature (293 K to 277 K) was the solution to the problem. The non-twinned crystals used to solve the structure diffract X-rays to beyond 1.80 Å and belong to the C2 space group, with cell parameters a = 109.42 Å, b = 78.08 Å, c = 151.77 Å, β = 99.77°, and one molecule in the asymmetric unit. A molecular replacement solution was found for each subunit separately, using several proteins as search models. SAXS data of PaoABC were also collected showing that, in solution, the protein is also an αβγ heterotrimer.
Kingianic Acids A–G, Endiandric Acid Analogues from Endiandra kingiana
Authors: Azmi Mohamad , Gény Charlotte , Leverrier Aurélie , Litaudon Marc , Dumontet Vincent , Birlirakis Nicolas , Guéritte Françoise , Leong Kok , Halim Siti , Mohamad Khalit , Awang Khalijah
Published: January 2014

A phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the bark of Endiandra kingiana led to the isolation of seven new tetracyclic endiandric acid analogues, kingianic acids A–G (1–7), together with endiandric acid M (8), tsangibeilin B (9) and endiandric acid (10). Their structures were determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis in combination with HRMS experiments. The structure of compounds 9 and 10 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. These compounds were screened for Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 binding affinities and cytotoxic activity on various cancer cell lines. Compound 5 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against human colorectal adeno-carcinoma (HT-29) and lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (A549) cell lines, with IC50 values in the range 15–17 µM, and compounds 3, 6 and 9 exhibited weak binding affinity for the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1.
Scholarly, digital, open: an impossible triangle?
Authors: Goodfellow Robin
Published: January 2014

Contemporary approaches to the digital transformation of practice in university research and teaching sometimes assume a convergence between the digital and openness. This assumption has led to the idea of ‘digital open scholarship,’ which aims to open up scholarship to participants from outside academic scholarly communities. But scholarship, digitality and openness exist in tension with each other – we can see the individual features of each, but we cannot make sense of the whole picture. It resembles an ‘impossible triangle’. Particularly confounding is the tension between digital scholarship and open knowledge, where the former is focused on the creation by specialist communities of knowledge of a stable and enduring kind, whilst the latter is characterised by encyclopaedic knowledge and participation that is unbounded by affiliation or location. However, we need not be permanently thwarted by the apparent impossibility of this triangle. It is a stimulus to look critically at the contexts of practice in which a relationship between scholarship, digitality and openness is sought. Constructive examples of such critique can be found in the emerging research field of literacy and knowledge practice in the digital university.Keywords: open scholarship, digital scholarship, research, public engagement, literacy, digital university(Published: 31 January 2014)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2014, 21: 21366 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21.21366
Multimodal profusion in the literacies of the Massive Open Online Course
Authors: Knox Jeremy , Bayne Siân
Published: January 2014

This paper takes a view of digital literacy, which moves beyond a focus on technical methods and skills in an attempt to maintain a broader approach that encompasses a critical view of the learning subject. In doing this, we consider socio-materialism and its relation to aspects of literacy theory. We anchor the discussion in a consideration of the ‘E-learning and Digital Cultures’ Coursera MOOC, which provided a tangible setting for theorising some of the practices of digital literacy differently. The profusion of multimodal artefacts produced in response to this course constituted a complex series of socio-material entanglements, in which human beings and technologies each played a constituent part. Two specific digital artefacts are analysed according to these terms. We conclude that socio-material multimodality constitutes a different way of thinking about digital literacy: not as representational practices, but rather as multifaceted and relational enactments of knowledge, specific to particular contexts and moments.Keywords: digital literacy; multimodal; socio-material; MOOC; enactment(Published: 31 January 2014)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2014, 21: 21422 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21.21422
Attached Segment has Higher CD34+ Cells and CFU-GM than the Main Bag after Thawing
Authors: Lee Hye Ryun , Shin Sue , Yoon Jong Hyun , Roh Eun Youn , Song Eun Young , Han Kyou Sup , Kim Byoung Jae
Published: January 2014

A contiguous segment attached to the cord blood unit (CBU) is required for verifying HLA types, cell viability, and, possibly, potency before transplantation since such a segment is considered to be representative of the CBU. However, little is known regarding the characteristics of contiguous segments in comparison to main bag units due to the difficulty experienced in accessing a large number of cryopreserved CBUs. In this study, we used 245 nonconforming CBUs for allogeneic transplantation. After thawing the cryopreserved CBU, the number of total nucleated cells (TNCs), CD34+ cells, and CFUs in CB from main bags and segments, as well as cell viability and apoptosis, were examined. The comparative analysis showed that the number of TNCs was significantly higher in CB from main bags, whereas the numbers of CD34+ cells and CFU-GM were significantly higher in CB from segments. While the cell viability of TNCs in segments was higher, the proportion of apoptotic TNCs was also higher. In contrast, no difference was observed between the proportion of apoptotic CD34+ cells in main bags and segments. In the correlation analysis, the numbers of TNCs, CD34+ cells, and CFU-GM in main bags were highly correlated with those in segments, indicating that CB from segments is indeed representative of CB in main bags. Taken together, we conclude that segments have higher CD34+ cells and CFU-GM and lower TNCs than the main cryopreserved bag, although the two compartments are highly correlated with each other.
Intracerebral Implantation of Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cells in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Phase II Study
Authors: Chen Der-Cherng , Lin Shinn-Zong , Fan Jia-Rong , Lin Chen-Huan , Lee Wei , Lin Chao-Chun , Liu Yi-Jui , Tsai Chon-Haw , Chen Jui-Cheng , Cho Der-Yan , Lee Chau-Chin , Shyu Woei-Cherng
Published: January 2014

In our previous study, intracerebral implantation of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) improved functional outcome in rats with chronic cerebral infarction. Based on this finding, a randomized, single blind controlled study was conducted in 30 patients [PBSC group ( n = 15) and control group ( n = 15)] with middle cerebral artery infarction confirmed on a T2-weighted MRI 6 months to 5 years after a stroke. Only subjects with neurological deficits of intermediate severity based on the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS; range: 9–20) that had been stable for at least 3 months were enrolled. Those in the PBSC group received subcutaneous G-CSF injections (15 μg/kg/day) for 5 consecutive days, and then stereotaxic implantation of 3–8 × 106 CD34+ immunosorted PBSCs. All 30 patients completed the 12-month follow-up. No serious adverse events were noted during study period. Improvements in stroke scales (NIHSS, ESS, and EMS) and functional outcomes (mRS) from baseline to the end of the 12-month follow-up period were significantly greater in the PBSC than the control group. The fiber numbers asymmetry (FNA) scores based on diffusion tensor image (DTI) tractography were reduced in every PBSC-treated subject, but not in the control group. Reduction in the FNA scores correlated well with the improvement in NIHSS. Furthermore, a positive motor-evoked potential (MEP) response by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) appeared in 9 of the 15 subjects in the PBSC group. This phase II study demonstrated that implantation of autologous CD34+ PBSC was safe, feasible, and effective in improving functional outcome.
Granulomatous inflammation and organizing pneumonia: Role of computed tomography-guided lung fine needle aspirations, touch preparations and core biopsies in the evaluation of common non-neoplastic diagnoses
Authors: Saqi Anjali , Coley Shana M. , Crapanzano John P.
Published: January 2014

Background:

Fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) and core biopsies (CBs), with or without touch preparations (TPs), are performed to characterize pulmonary lesions. Although a positive (P) or suspicious report is sufficient for further management, the significance of unsatisfactory (U), negative (N) and atypical (A) cytological diagnoses remains uncertain. The aims of the study were to correlate U, N and A cytological diagnoses with histological and/or clinical/radiological follow-up and evaluate the utility of FNAs, TPs and CBs.

Materials and Methods:

We performed a retrospective search and examined 30 consecutive computed tomography-guided transthoracic U, N and A lung FNAs (n= 23) and TPs (n= 7) with surgical pathology (SP) (n= 17) and/or clinical/radiological follow-up (n= 13) and compared them to 10 SP-confirmedPFNAs, which served as controls.

Results:

The 30 FNAs and TPs were from 29 patients. All 6 U specimens were scantly cellular. Granulomas, the most common specific benign cytological diagnosis, were evident in 8 (of 13) and 7 (of 11) N and A cytology cases, respectively. Histology corroborated the presence of granulomas identified on cytology. Organizing pneumonia was the second leading benign specific diagnosis (5/17), but it was rendered on histology (n= 5) and not FNAs or TPs. Evaluation of the A cases revealed that type II pneumocytes were the source of “atypical”, diagnoses often associated with granulomas or organizing pneumonia and lacked 3-D clusters evident in allPcases.

Discussion:

U, N and A FNAs and TPs lacked 3-D clusters seen in carcinomas and were negative on follow-up. Granulomas and organizing pneumonia were the most common specific benign diagnoses, but the latter was recognized on histology only. In the absence of a definitive FNA result at the time of on-site assessment, a CB with a TP containing type II pneumocytes increases the likelihood of a specific benign diagnosis.
The influence of different mixing methods on the dimensional stability and surface detail reproduction of two different brands of irreversible hydrocolloids
Authors: Culhaoglu Ahmet Kursad , Zaimoglu Ali , Dogan Evrim , Ozkir Serhat Emre
Published: January 2014

Purpose: Irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials are some of the most common impression materials in dentistry. Preparation of alginate is critical for dental appliance fabricated upon the cast made directly from the impression. This study compared the effect of two mixing methods i.e. hand mixing or device mixing on the physical properties of two different brands of irreversible hydrocolloid. Materials and Methods: Two alginate impression materials: Cavex Tulip (Tulip, Cavex Holland BV, Haarlem, Holland) and Hydrogum Soft (Zhermack, Rovigo, Italy), were mixed according to manufacturers instroductions with two mixing methods. Mixing was performed at room temperature using tap water. The material was allowed to set in a water bath at 35°C (±1°C), simulating intra-oral setting conditions. For each tested material, nine standardized samples were used. The first method was hand mixing; the other method was with a device. Detail reproduction and dimensional changes of impressions were compared. One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the dimensional differences between the four groups. Results: The device mixed speciemens showed better surface detail than hand-mixed samples. Cavex alginate demonstrated better surface detail than Hydrogum. Cavex Tulip alginate showed better dimensional stability than Hydrogum Soft in both hand-mixed and device-mixed samples. Furthermore, all device mixed samples were better than hand-mixed in terms of dimensional stability. A two-way analysis of variance and Fisher′s protected least significant difference test at the 0.05 level of significance were used to analyze the data. Conclusion: Of the two mixing methods, the vacuum mixer had the best performance overall in reducing the number, percent and volume of porosities in the mixed alginate.
Forensic importance of maxillary sinus in gender determination: A morphometric analysis from Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Sidhu Ruhi , Chandra Sunira , Devi Parvathi , Taneja Neeraj , Sah Kunal , Kaur Navdeep
Published: January 2014

Background: The study of anthropometric characteristics is of fundamental importance to solve problems related to identification. Craniometrical features are included among these characteristics, which are closely connected to forensic dentistry. Radiography is used in forensic for the identification of humans especially in cases where the body is decomposed, fragmented, or burned. Radiology can assist in giving accurate dimensions for which certain formulae can be applied to determine the gender. It has been reported that maxillary sinuses remain intact, although the skull and other bones may be badly disfigured in victims who are incinerated and therefore, that maxillary sinuses can be used for identification. Aim: This study has been carried out to check the accuracy and reliability of maxillary sinus in gender determination using morphometric parameters. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalogram of 50 subjects (25 males and 25 females) were taken and morphometric parameters of maxillary sinus were analyzed using AutoCAD 2010 software (Autodesk, Inc.). Results: The mean area and perimeter of maxillary sinus in males was 1.7261 cm2 and 5.2885 cm whereas, the mean area and perimeter in females was 1.3424 cm2 and 4.3901 cm. In-group centroids if someone′s discriminant function (DF) score is close to 0.838 then the subject are supposed to be male. Whereas, those having DF score closer to −0.838 are supposed to be females. DF analysis showed that, 76% of the original grouped cases were correctly classified. Hence, the overall sensitivity and specificity was found to be 80% and 72%. Conclusion: It can be concluded that morphometric analysis (area and perimeter) of maxillary sinus using AutoCAD 2010 software can assist in gender determination.
Retreatment of a Mutilated Tooth with Open Apex by using PRF, MTA and Anatomic Post
Authors: Lokade Jyoti , Chande Keyur P , Manwar Narendra U
Published: January 2014

Apexification aims to induce apical closure of the open root apex with a hard-tissue barrier, against which a root filling can be compacted. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a potential apical barrier material with good sealability and a high degree of biocompatibility. The main technical problem associated with placement is to prevent overfill and underfill. This paper demonstrates retreatment of an open apex tooth by placement of an apical barrier using MTA and PRF membrane as an internal matrix followed by application of anatomical post and core. This new technique is particularly advantageous in teeth which have open apex, root canals that are not round, wide canals and thin radicular dentin.

How to cite this article

Chande KP, Manwar NU, Chandak MG, Lokade J. Retreatment of a Mutilated Tooth with Open Apex by using PRF, MTA and Anatomic Post. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2013;3(3):105-110.
Atuação dos núcleos de inovação tecnológica na promoção do desenvolvimento regional a partir da abordagem da tríplice hélice
Authors: Chais Cassiane , Scopel Alexandra Mazzochi , Machado Claralucia Prates , Oléa Pelayo Munhoz
Published: January 2014

Na economia contemporânea o conhecimento, a inovação e a interação de universidade, empresa e governo tem relevância para seu desenvolvimento. A empresa concentra suas atividades produtivas na economia, o governo exerce papel regulamentador na garantia da estabilidade das interações dos atores desse processo. A universidade possui seu pilar no conhecimento, formando assim a Tríplice Hélice. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa buscou identificar quais são as relações já estabelecidas destes atores e quais as repercussões havidas neste contexto que integra universidades e empresas na busca de inovações tecnológicas. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de multicascos, análise de discurso para a avaliação das entrevistas em profundidade. Os achados deram conta que apesar de os atores envolvidos na Tríplice Hélice já terem um caminho construído existem muitos desafios a serem superados, principalmente no que tange ao hiato entre as universidades e o meio empresarial, bem como no ritmo de desenvolvimento dos projetos por parte das universidades.
Analysis of the global atmospheric methane budget using ECHAM-MOZ simulations for present-day, pre-industrial time and the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Basu A. , Schultz M. G. , Schröder S. , Francois L. , Zhang X. , Lohmann G. , Laepple T.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Atmospheric methane concentrations increased considerably from pre-industrial (PI) to present times largely due to anthropogenic emissions. However, firn and ice core records also document a notable rise of methane levels between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the pre-industrial era, the exact cause of which is not entirely clear. This study investigates these changes by analyzing the methane sources and sinks at each of these climatic periods. Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane and play a key role in determining methane budget changes in particular in the absence of anthropogenic sources. Here, a simple wetland parameterization suitable for coarse-scale climate simulations over long periods is introduced, which is derived from a high-resolution map of surface slopes together with various soil hydrology parameters from the CARAIB vegetation model. This parameterization was implemented in the chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5-MOZ and multi-year time slices were run for LGM, PI and present-day (PD) climate conditions. Global wetland emissions from our parameterization are 72 Tg yr−1 (LGM), 115 Tg yr−1 (PI), and 132 Tg yr−1 (PD). These estimates are lower than most previous studies, and we find a stronger increase of methane emissions between LGM and PI. Taking into account recent findings that suggest more stable OH concentrations than assumed in previous studies, the observed methane distributions are nevertheless well reproduced under the different climates. Hence, this is one of the first studies where a consistent model approach has been successfully applied for simulating methane concentrations over a wide range of climate conditions.
Extreme events in gross primary production: a characterization across continents
Authors: Zscheischler J. , Mahecha M. D. , Harmeling S. , Rammig A. , Tomelleri E. , Reichstein M.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Climate extremes can affect the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, for instance via a reduction of the photosynthetic capacity or alterations of respiratory processes. Yet the dominant regional and seasonal effects of hydrometeorological extremes are still not well documented. Here we quantify and characterize the role of large spatiotemporal extreme events in gross primary production (GPP) as triggers of continental anomalies. We also investigate seasonal dynamics of extreme impacts on continental GPP anomalies. We find that the 50 largest positive (increase in uptake) and negative extremes (decrease in uptake) on each continent can explain most of the continental variation in GPP, which is in line with previous results obtained at the global scale. We show that negative extremes are larger than positive ones and demonstrate that this asymmetry is particularly strong in South America and Europe. Most extremes in GPP start in early summer. Our analysis indicates that the overall impacts and the spatial extents of GPP extremes are power law distributed with exponents that vary little across continents. Moreover, we show that on all continents and for all data sets the spatial extents play a more important role than durations or maximal GPP anomaly when it comes to the overall impact of GPP extremes. An analysis of possible causes implies that across continents most extremes in GPP can best be explained by water scarcity rather than by extreme temperatures. However, for Europe, South America and Oceania we identify also fire as an important driver. Our findings are consistent with remote sensing products. An independent validation against a literature survey on specific extreme events supports our results to a large extent.
Producto Especial de convolución del Núcleo Ultrahiperbólico de Marcel Riesz.
Authors: Aguirre Manuel A. , Aguirre Emilio R.
Published: January 2014

No disponible!!!! DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v26i2.1288 Nexo Revista Científica Vol. 26, No. 02, pp. 88-98/Diciembre 2013 Clasificación de AMS: 46F10,46F12.
External environment of Mongolia’s security
Authors: Myagmar D
Published: January 2014

No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i10.114 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 10, 2003, Pages 3-13
Post-Communist Transition and Common Ground: A Mongolian Perspective
Authors: Bayarkhuu Dashdorj
Published: January 2014

No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i10.119 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 10, 2003, Pages 60-71
Post-Soviet transition: Central Asia and Mongolia
Authors: Orkhon M
Published: January 2014

No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i10.121 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 10, 2003, Pages 86-101
Photonic Structures in Biology: A Possible Blueprint for Nanotechnology
Authors: Barrows Frank P. , Bartl Michael H.
Published: January 2014

Nature has had millions of years to optimize photonic crystals - an endeavour mankind only really began in the 1980s. Often, we attempt to mimic and expand upon nature's designs in creating photonic structures that meet our technology-driven needs. While this strategy can be fruitful in fabricating novel architectures, one has to keep in mind that nature designed and optimized these structures for specific applications (e.g., colouration, camouflaging, signalling), but certainly not for use in photonic chips and optical circuits. To take full advantage of biological structures as blueprints for nanotechnology, it is important to understand the purpose and development of natural structural colours. In this review, we will discuss important aspects of the design, formation and evolution of the structures embedded in beetle exoskeletons that are responsible for their striking colouration. In particular, we will focus on the purpose of structural colours for camouflaging, mimicry and signalling. We will discuss their evolutionary and ecological development and compare the development of beetles with and without structural colours. Examples of non-colour-related structural functionalities will also be introduced and briefly discussed. Finally, a brief overview of nature's synthesis strategies for these highly evolved structures will be given, with particular focus on membrane assembly.
Fluid therapy in neurotrauma: basic and clinical concepts
Authors: Alvis-Miranda Hernando Raphael , Rubiano Andres M. Rubiano , Puyana Juan C. , Alcala-Cerra Gabriel , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael
Published: January 2014

The patient with head trauma is a challenge for the emergency physician and for the neurosurgeon. Currently traumatic brain injury constitutes a public health problem. Knowledge of the various therapeutic strategies to provide support in the prehospital and perioperative are essential for optimal care. Rapid infusion of large volumes of crystalloids to restore blood volume and blood pressure quickly is now the standard treatment for patients with combined TBI and HS The fluid in patients with brain and especially in the carrier of brain injury is a critical topic; we present a review of the literature about the history, physiology of current fluid preparations, and a discussion regard the use of fluid therapy in traumatic brain injury and decompressive craniectomy.
La mirada interactiva. De la gráfica de la interacción impresa a la edición de contenidos
Authors: Pindado Eugenio Vega
Published: January 2014

Los medios digitales han sustituido progresivamente al papel como soporte de comunicación. Han hecho necesaria la existencia de dispositivos mecánicos para la lectura del los documentos que antes eran directamente manipulados por el lector. En el papel la disposición gráfica de textos e imágenes dependía de cada libro. La elección del tamaño, del formato y del color se hacía en función de la estructura de la obra. Sin embargo, en la era digital, la disposición gráfica depende del dispositivo que pone a disposición del lector los documentos. A pesar de sus ventajas evidentes para reordenar la información, han incorporado procedimientos interactivos de los medios impresos que guardaban relación con la habilidad del lector para mirar, leer y comprender la composición. Este trabajo analiza la pervivencia de los modelos gráficos de la interacción impresa en estos nuevos soportes.Digital media has gradually replaced paper as a medium of communication. These new media have need the existence of mechanical devices for reading documents that until now were directly manipulated by the reader. In printed paper graphical layout of text and images depended on each book. The choice of size, color and proportion was a consequence of the structure of the work. However, in digital age, graphic layout depends on the device that makes available documents to the reader. Despite its obvious advantages to reorder the information, have incorporated interactive procedures from print media that were relevant to the reader's ability to see, read and understand the whole layout. This paper analyzes the survival of graphical interaction models in these new media
Fiber Optic Communication Links
Authors: Decusatis C.
Published: January 2014

This article examines the requirements for the design of optical fiber communication networks used in telecommunication, data center communication, and analog applications. Figures of merit for different applications are discussed, including signal‐to‐noise ratio, bit error rate, modulation error ratio, and spurious‐free dynamic range. Optical link budgets are reviewed in detail, including transmission loss, wavelength‐dependent attenuation, splice loss, and connector loss. Factors affecting optical link performance are presented, including modal and chromatic dispersion, mode partition noise, relative intensity noise, and other link design parameters. Examples of a simple approach to optical ink design are also discussed.
Effects of mineral composition and heterogeneity on the reservoir quality evolution with CO2 intrusion
Authors: Yang Leilei , Xu Tianfu , Yang Bing , Tian Hailong , Lei Hongwu
Published: January 2014

During the diagenesis of rocks in a sedimentary basin, an intrusion of CO2 could cause dissolution or/and precipitation of the surrounding rocks. As a result, the reservoir quality may be altered. The mineral composition and heterogeneity have pronounced impacts on the geochemical reaction and reservoir quality evolution. A numerical simulation method is employed to investigate the influences of primary mineral on the diagenesis. Based on the measured data from the Songliao Basin, a total of 26 two‐dimensional models with different mineral composition are set up. To mimic the regionally heterogeneous distribution of mineral composition, the Monte Carlo method is employed. A CO2 gas reservoir of magma intrusion origin, located in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China, is selected for the present study. The reservoir is an ideal site for investigating the impact of mineral heterogeneity on diagenesis after the CO2 intrusion. In this reservoir, with the presence of high‐pressure CO2, the mineral heterogeneity causes significant dissolution and precipitation of minerals, which decreases the reservoir porosity and degrades the reservoir quality. The geochemical reactions caused by different mineral composition vary widely. The mineral heterogeneity causes similar distributions of the geochemical reactions and reservoir quality evolution. Dominant secondary minerals are dawsonite in the early diagenesis and ankerite in the late stage. The diagenetic sequences modeled by our numerical simulations reproduce the petrographic and geochemical data well.
A method to estimate whistler wave vector from polarization using three‐component electric field data
Authors: Jacobson Abram R. , Holzworth Robert H. , Pfaff Robert , Heelis Roderick , Colestock Patrick
Published: January 2014

Satellites in the Earth's magnetosphere can be used to record the rich electromagnetic wave activity due to terrestrial lightning, typically up to several tens of kilohertz. With simultaneous recordings of the three components of wave electric field E and of the three components of wave magnetic field B, the entire wavefield, polarization, and wave vector can be specified without any appeal to a priori assumptions about the wave mode and without any reliance on the validity of a dispersion relation. However, some satellites lack such a complete suite of measurements. We develop a method which assumes the theoretical dispersion relation for whistler waves then uses recordings of the three components of wave electric field E but no magnetic components to derive the wave polarization and the wave vector (up to a sign ambiguity on the latter). The method can work only because the dispersion relation, which is assumed, already contains information from the full Maxwell's equations. We illustrate the method with 12 s duration simultaneous recordings, at 32 kilosample/s, of three orthogonal components of wave electric field E from the C/NOFS satellite in low‐Earth orbit. Our particular example in this article is shown to contain two broadband whistler features in the range of 4–15 kHz, whose wave vectors differ both according to their polar angles from the geomagnetic field B0 and according to their azimuth around the geomagnetic field B0.