bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects on rat skin of exposure to saline and aqueous solutions of antibiotics and chlorhexidine
Authors: Swan A. G. , Smith N. H. H. , Matthews J. A.
Published: April 2006

Plastic chambers were glued to the dorsal skin of rats and were sealed after being filled with cither distilled water, saline, an aqueous antibiotic mixture or aqueous chlorhexidine. The chambers were inspected at 24 h intervals and replenished. Groups of rats were killed at 24, 48 and 72 h; the chamber removed and the underlying skin excised and examined by light microscopy. The degree of dermatitis was assessed by means of an index of inflammation derived by scoring epidermal and dermal markers of inflammation. The results indicate that the antibiotic solution produced significantly less dermatitis compared with other treatments at each lime interval studied. In general, epidermal ballooning and vesiculation occurred initially in the basal and prickle cells, but by 72 h the damaged cells were often replaced by intact keratinocytes, even though the skin was still immersed. Epidermal hyperplasia, as manifested by acanthosis and hyperkeratosis, was frequently present at 72 h.
Proliferating trichilemmal cyst occurring on the shin
Authors: Munro J. M. , Hall P. A. , Thompson H. H.
Published: April 2006

We report a patient who developed a proliferating trichilemmal cyst on his shin. Histological examination revealed the typical features of this lesion. Proliferating trichilemmal cysts characteristically occur on the scalp and occasionally on the upper trunk. We describe the first example of this uncommon condition on the leg.
Mitotic figures in sweat gland adenomas
Authors: Cooper P.H.
Published: April 2006

Mitotic rates (mitotic figures per 10 400X fields) were determined for 115 sweat gland adenomas. The observations were also combined for all lesions within each category of adenoma. The combined mitotic rates of spiradenoma, cylindroma, syringoma, and chondroid syringoma were each less than 1.0. Individual lesions within these categories often lacked mitotic figures. With the exception of 1 chondroid syringoma, none of the individual lesions within these groups had mitotic rates exceeding 2.0. The combined mitotic rates of acrospiroma and hidradenoma papilliferum were 1.6 and 1.52, respectively. Twenty‐live percent of the acrospiromas had mitotic rates exceeding 2.0 (maximum 7.5). Milotic figures were concentrated in specific cell populations, particularly in acrospiromas and chondroid syringomas. The potential for cell division appeared to be reduced or lost in areas of increased cytologic or structural differentiation. A review of the literature indicates that there can be overlap between the mitotic rates of sweat gland adenomas and those of carcinomas.
Ultrastructural study of macromelanosomes in a unique case of spindle and epithelioid cell nevus
Authors: Sakamoto F. , Ito M. , Sato Y.
Published: April 2006

Macromelanosomes in a spindle and epithelioid cell nevus, which occurred in the electron beam‐damaged skin of a woman with mycosis fungoides, were ultrastructurally investigated. The melanosomes in the spindle and epithelioid cells were varied in size but uniformly spherical in shape and composed of a core and cortex structure. Electron‐lucent bodies were observed in the small melanosomes as well as in the macromelanosomes. Positive dopaoxidase reaction was revealed on the cortex of these melanosomes and partly on their electron‐lucent bodies. The electron‐lucent bodies were not vesicular structures but were aggregates of filamentous elements, which had a continuity with fibrous structures in the melanosome cortex. It is concluded that the electron‐lucent bodies may be one of the matrices of melanization. Anomalously large accumulations of these bodies and concentrical melanization seem to lead to the formation of macromelanosomes.
Clinically uninvolved skin in AIDS: evidence of atypical dermal vessels similar to early lesions observed in Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: De Dobbeleer G. , Godfrine S. , Andre J. , Ledoux M. , De Maubeuge J.
Published: April 2006

The clinically uninvolved skin of 4 patients with well‐developed AIDS was investigated by electron microscopy. All biopsy specimens had vascular abnormalities: protruding endothelial cells, vascular channels reduced to slits, gaps within the vascular walls, and extravasated erythrocytes. These features are similar to those described in early lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma. These findings suggest that blood vessels of the clinically uninvolved skin of AIDS patients are potential sites of Kaposi's sarcoma lesions.
Diabetic microangiopathy in subcutaneous fatty tissue
Authors: Sueki H.
Published: April 2006

To evaluate diabetic microangiopathy in the subcutaneous fatty tissue objectively and to clarify the relation between patho‐genesis of membranocystic lesion (MCL) and diabetic microangiopathy, specimens obtained from 23 diabetics and 23 nondia‐betics were examined histologically. Ten of 23 diabetics and 7 of 23 non‐diabetics were examined electron microscopically. Using electron micrographs measurements were made of the following areas; entire microvessel section, basal laminae, luminal space, endothelial cells, pericytes, and we scored the following findings: veil cells, cellular debris and vacuoles in the thickened basal laminae, abnormal densities of the endothelial cells. In diabetics, the area of luminal space was smaller and the area of basal laminae was larger than those of non‐diabetics. Scored assessment of the veil cells, cellular debris and vacuoles in the thickened basal laminae were statistically significant in diabetics. Veil cells around the subcutaneous microvessels were less frequent and possessed fewer cytoplasmic processes than those around the dermal microvessels. Histologically, MCLs were frequently demonstrated in skin disorders resulting from diabetic microangiopathy, including 3 cases of pigmented pretibial patches, and 1 case of diabetic bulla. MCLs were more frequently demonstrated in diabetic cases with retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy than those without complications. MCLs were detected only on the shins and the feet. MCLs were more frequently seen in cases with larger area of basal laminae than those with smaller area of basal laminae in morphometric measurement of electron micrographs. The present studies suggest that microangiopathy in the subcutaneous tissue is a pathological feature of diabetes mellitus and is a contributory factor to the formation of MCL.
Immunohistochemical localization by monoclonal antibody of human epidermal growth factor in mixed tumours of the skin
Authors: Noda Y. , Tsukitani K. , Oosumi H. , Kato K. , Hayashi T. , Mori M.
Published: April 2006

Immunohistochemical distribution of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) was described in 17 cases of mixed tumour of the skin with monoclonal antibody. In normal sweat glands, epithelial cells in the secretory portion and in the transitional area between secretory portion and duct showed prominent staining for hEGF. In the salivary pleomorphic adenoma type of mixed tumour of the skin, luminal tumour cells of tubular and duct‐like structures gave a very characteristic hEGF staining reaction. The tumour cells showing strong staining for hEGF were scattered throughout the solid foci in this type of mixed tumour. Tubular epithelial cells in the clear cell adenoma type also displayed a positive hEGF reaction. And apocrine mixed tumours strong staining for hEGF occurred on the apical side of tubular and ductal tumour cells. In view of the immunohistochemical staining patterns for hEGF, the histologic origin of mixed tumours of the skin is suggested to be cells in the secretory portion and (hose in the transitional portion between secretory portion and duct of the sweat gland.
Immunohistochemicai staining patterns of sweat glands and their neoplasms using two monoclonal antibodies to keratins
Authors: Zuk J. A. , West K. P. , Fletcher A.
Published: April 2006

The staining patterns of normal sweat glands and sweat gland‐derived neoplasms using 2 monoclonal antibodies to keratins (Dako‐CKl, Cam 5.2) has been assessed. Based on findings in normal glands, the differentiation of these benign neoplasms is considered, with positive evidence for apocrine and eccrine differentiation, and in the latter, differentiation to ductal or secretory type epithelia. This easily applied technique (indirect immunoperoxidase) is suitable for use in routinely processed tissue and employs 2 commercially available monoclonal antibodies. The findings may be of assistance in general surgical reporting of problematic cases.
A new type of telangiectasia following trauma
Authors: Tsuji T. , Sawabe M.
Published: April 2006

Three patients arc reported, each with a reddish macule or plaque (7–10 mm) induced by trauma. The histology of these lesions showed hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and marked dilation of vessels in the papillary to deep dermis. The electron microscopic study revealed a layer of endothelial cells surrounding the dilated vessels, suggestive of telangiectasia. The relationship between this entity and solitary angiokcratoma is discussed.
Linear IgA deposition associated with cutaneous varicella‐zoster infection: a case report
Authors: Blickenstaff R. D. , Perry H. O. , Peters M. S.
Published: April 2006

The homogeneous linear deposition of IgA along the basement membrane zone of uninvolved skin is a distinguishing feature of linear IgA dermatosis in adults and chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood. Although linear IgA deposition may be seen in other cutaneous diseases, to our knowledge, there are no previous reports of a direct association with cutaneous infection. We describe the finding of intense fluorescence, in a linear pattern, of IgA at the basement membrane zone in an elderly man with disseminated cutaneous varicella‐zoster infection.
Rabbit model of disseminated syphilis: immunoblot and immunohistologic evidence for a role of specific immune complexes in lesion pathogenesis
Authors: Jorizzo J. L. , McNeely M. C. , Baughn R. E. , Cavallo T. , Solomon A. R. , Smith E. B.
Published: April 2006

Circulating immune complexes (GIG) containing Treponema pallidum proteins have been preliminarily implicated as inducers of a neutrophilic vascular reaction in early human cutaneous lesions of secondary syphilis. To clarify the role of specific CIC in producing cutaneous and renal lesions, 12 rabbits were studied at the following intervals after induction of disseminated syphilis: 20 days (4 rabbits: biopsies of normal and lesional skin for direct immunofluorescence (IMF) for (IgG, IgM, IgA, Clq, C3, C4), fibrin, and T. pallidum proteins; routine histology; and im‐munoblots of serum for CIC containing T. pallidum proteins); 21 days (4 rabbits: as at 20 days without IMF for T. pallidum protein); 23 days (4 rabbits: as at 20 days without IMF); 30 days (same 12 rabbits restudied with routine histology of normal and lesional skin; kidneys from 4 rabbits removed for routine, IMF, and electron microscopy (EM). Treponemal polypeptide antigen (MW‐87kd) was demonstrated in CIC from rabbits. Routine cutaneous histology showed evolution of lesions from an early neutrophilic vascular reaction to the typical lymphoplasmacytic reaction. IMF showed vessel‐based immunorcactants in 3 of the 4 rabbits tested at 20 days and 1 of 4 at 21 days, and T. pallidum proteins in 3 of 4 rabbits at 20 days. Routine histology, IMF, and EM studies of glomeruli showed glomerular abnormalities, but no evidence of immune deposits containing specific T. pallidum protein. Skin and kidney studies of 4 controls were all negative. These data indicate a role for specific immune complexes in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lesions in this rabbit model.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with mucinous metaplasia
Authors: Friedman K. J. , Hood A. F. , Farmer E. R.
Published: April 2006

A case of superficially invasive well‐differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma containing numerous mucin‐proclucing cells both within the epidermal and dermal components is reported. Hislological, histochemical and immunohistochemical overlap exists between these cells and those of extramammary Panel's disease. The presence of mucinous metaplasia within this tumor supports an intraepidermal origin for extramammary Paget's disease.
Follicular occurrence of prurigo nodularis
Authors: Miyauchi H. , Uehara M.
Published: April 2006

Thirty‐eight biopsies of prurigo lesions (22 large, mature nodules and 16 smaller, intermediately developed nodules) were obtained from 17 patients with idiopathic prurigo nodularis Hyde who had not been bitten by insects, nor had other underlying diseases. Each biopsy was serially sectioned to reveal its histological structure. In 88% (14/16) of the smaller nodules and in 55% (12/22) of the large ones, a hair follicle was observed in the center of the prurigo lesion. The follicular epidermis and the adjacent surface epidermis showed various degrees of acanthosis and spongiosis. The dermal infiltrates extended from the superficial dermis into the middle dermis in a triangular fashion around the involved hair follicle. It is suggested that idiopathic prurigo nodularis most frequently occurs in connection with a hair follicle.
Dysplastic nevi: a histopathological investigation
Authors: Mehregan A.M.
Published: April 2006

Since the recognition of dysplastic nevi by Clark and his associates in 1978 (1) and by Elder and co‐workers in 1980 (2) several clinico‐pathologic studies have been published (3–7). Clinically, individuals with dysplastic nevi have numerous lesions measuring from a few millimeters to as much as 1–2 centimeters in diameter. The pigmented nevi have ill‐defined borders, show irregularity of pigmentation and accentuated skin markings. Histologically, dysplastic nevi are characterized by moderate epidermal thickening with some elongation of the epidermal rete ridges that may merge together in their tips, lentiginous melanocytic hyperplasia and formation of junctional nests spreading irregularly at the periphery of the lesion. Dermal changes include lamellated fibroplasia, scattered melanophages and lymphocytic inflammatory cell reaction. The hisitologic studies so far have been based on examination of selected lesions. This study is based on histologic investigation of a series of pigmented lessions removed consecutively by superficial surgical excision during an 11‐month period from a group of patients who were previously identified as having dysplaslic nevi with the intention to provide a full spectrum of the histologic findings.
Ultrastructural features of Langerhans cells in clinically uninvolved skin of psoriatics
Authors: Klug H. , Sönnichsen N.
Published: April 2006

Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) from skin of clinically normal appearance in psoriatics were studied electron microscopically and compared with LC from the skin of healthy volunteers and from those with other dermatoses. Results show that LC from psoriatics display partly distinct cytoplasmic alterations. Moreover, about half of LC investigated were partly or mainly surrounded by clearly widened intercellular spaces, such that an immediate cellular contact with neighbouring keratinocytes was correspondingly decreased. Whether such LC are functionally altered remains to be clarified.
Comparison of human papillomavirus Type 1 serotyping by monoclonal antibodies with genotyping by in situ hybridization of plantar warts
Authors: Jenson A. B. , Lim L. Y. , Singer E.
Published: April 2006

Thirty plantar warts were analyzed for the presence of HPV‐1 type‐specific and PV genus‐specific capsid antigens by immunofluorescence (IF) using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and type‐specific HPV‐1 DNA employing in situ hybridization methods. Fifteen of 30 plantar warts were positive by IF for PV genus‐specific structural viral antigens. Thirteen of the 15 productively infected plantar warts expressed intranuclear HPV‐1 type‐specific capsid antigens and viral DNA, which were detected in the same distribution in each individual wart. The 2 productively infected plantar warts that did not react with HPV‐1 type‐specific MoAbs did not react with HPV‐1 type‐specific DNA by in situ hybridization. Thus, serotyping of HPV‐1 capsid antigens by monoclonal antibodies is concordant with genotyping of HPV‐1 viral DNA by in situ hybridization in productively infected plantar warts.
Atypical fibroxanthoma: two unusual variants
Authors: Wilson P. R. , Strutton G. M. , Stewart M. R.
Published: April 2006

Two unusual fibroxanthomas were studied by light microscopy. The first case contained numerous osteoclast‐like cells and resembled malignant giant cell tumour of soft tissues, a variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Osteoclast‐like giant cells were negative for lysozyme and alpha‐1‐antitrypsin. The second case contained areas of chondroid differentiation which resembled chondrosarcoma. Tumour cells within the cartilaginous areas were positive for S100 protein.
Immunohistochemical staining properties of amyloids with anti‐keratin antibodies using formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections
Authors: Yoneda K. , Watanabe H. , Yanagihara M. , Mori S.
Published: April 2006

Immunohistochemical staining properties of amyloids with anti‐keratin antibodies were investigated using an avidin‐biotin‐per‐oxidase complex (ABC) system on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections. Anti‐keratin antibody EAB‐903 which recognize 66K and 57K daltons keratin peptides reacted with amyloid deposits in both lichen amyloidosus (LA) and macular amyloidosis (MA), but did not react with either primary systemic amyloidosis (AL), secondary systemic amyloidosis (AA) or heredo‐familial amyloid polyneuropathy (AF). However, anti‐keratin antibodies EAB‐904 and MAK‐6 did not react with any types of amyloids. These results suggested that immunohistochemical staining with anti‐keratin antibody EAB‐903 using formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections appeared to be a useful method in making differential diagnosis of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (AD).
Penicillamine‐induced bullous pemphigoid with pemphigus‐like antibodies
Authors: Rasmussen H. B. , Jepsen L. V. , Brandrup F.
Published: April 2006

A rheumatoid arthritis case is described who developed bullous skin eruption with mucosal involvement after 3 years of treatment with penicillamine. Histologically, changes compatible with bullous pemphigoid were found. Direct immunofluorescence showed linear, as well as intercellular, deposits of IgG. By indirect immunofluorescence IgG antibodies reacting with the basal membrane zone, as well as the intercellular substance, were detected in the serum. We believe that the patient had bullous pemphigoid with pemphigus‐like antibodies induced by penicillamine.
Eythema elevatum diutinum: an ultrastructural case study
Authors: Lee A. Y. , Nakagawa H. , Nogita T. , Ishibashi Y.
Published: April 2006

An electron microscopic study was made of a patient with erythema elevatum diutinum, a rare variant of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Biopsies were obtained from early evolving and late fibroproliferative lesions. Early lesions showed vasculitis and a massive dermal infiltrate composed mainly of neutrophils, histiocytes/macrophages and apparently increased Langerhans cells. Later lesions were characterized by a dense fibrosis with a proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and a dermal infiltrate in which lymphocytes and histiocytes/macrophages predominated. Even in later lesions, dermal Langerhans cells were observed in great number. Langerhans cells may be involved in the evolution of this rare disease.
Expression of an estrogen receptor‐associated protein (p29) in epithelial tumors of the skin
Authors: Kanitakis J. , Zambruno G. , Viac J. , Tommaselli L. , Thivolet J.
Published: April 2006

p29 is a cytoplasmic serine phosphoprotein of 29 kD MW, closely linked to estrogen receptors. In this work we studied the expression of p29 protein in normal human skin and a group of cutaneous benign and malignant tumors by using a monoclonal antibody (ERD5) that specifically recognizes p29. In normal skin, p29 reactivity was observed in epidermal and some adnexal keratinocytes, as well as in smooth muscle cells of dermal arterioles and arrector pili muscles. p29 was also detected in most, but not all, epithelial tumors studied. The expression of p29 was generally stronger in the more differentiated (keratinized) normal and neoplastic keratinocytes; however, no correlation could be noted between immunochemical staining for p29 and either benignity of the lesion or sex of the patient considered. Whereas, in breast cancer, the expression of p29 is reported to correlate with endocrine response, the precise relationship between epithelial tumors of the skin and the action of estrogens remains to be elucidated.
Branchial cleft heterotopia of the lower neck*
Authors: Coleman W. R. , Homer R. S. , Kaplan R. P.
Published: April 2006

A cutaneous ciliated structure from the lower neck of a 61‐year‐old man having seromucous, sebaceous and respiratory‐type differentiation is reported. The finding of continuity between endodermal and ectodermal structures in the reported lesion suggests an origin from the branchial apparatus. Many lesions with similar appearance have been labeled bronchogenic though these, in fact, may have branchial origins. The term cutaneous bronchogenic cyst, implying an origin from the tracheobronchial tree, maybe misleading and should be reconsidered for those lesions with respiratory‐type differentiation in the lower neck.
Altered expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens by epidermal tumours
Authors: Markey A. C. , Churchill L. J. , MacDonald D. M.
Published: April 2006

Alteration in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen expression by cutaneous tumours may enable them to escape host defence mechanisms and to invade surrounding tissue. Immunohistochemical studies in a wide range of epidermally derived tumours demonstrated expression by keratinocytes of the class II molecule HLA‐DR in squamous cell carcinoma (SCG) (2 of 8 cases) and keratoacanthoma (KA) (2 of 7 cases). Additionally, HLA‐DP and DQ were expressed by single cases of SCC and KA, although, unlike the widespread distribution of DR, DP and DQ, were only present on keratinocytes adjacent to the inflammatory infiltrate. Therefore, keratinocytes in cutaneous tumours, like carcinoma cells of the colon and breast, may express class II MHC antigens during tumour growth. Beta‐2‐microglobulin (B2M), an invariant MHC class I marker, was absent in all cases of basal cell carcinoma. Variable loss of B2M was observed in squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease and actinic keratoses, suggesting reduced B2M expression by dysplastic cells. However, the variability in B2M staining both between and within diagnostic categories restricts it's immuno‐diagnostic usefulness.
A case of secondary cutaneous amyloidosis: epidermal keratinocytes produce amyloid in the cytoplasm
Authors: Aso Miki , Hagari Y. , Nakamura K. , Mihara M. , Shimao S.
Published: April 2006

A case of secondary localized cutaneous amyloidosis associated with a seborrheic keratosis is reported. Amyloid was observed both in the stroma and in the tumor. Light and electron microscopy revealed amyloid within the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. This intracytoplasmic amyloid was seen in basaloid cells or in the border areas between basaloid cells and squamous cells, but it was not seen in squamous cells. The amyloid was positive for anti‐keratin antibody and contained disulfide bonds. It is suggested that either abnormal keratinization or the degeneration of basaloid cells produced abnormal keratin proteins that formed this amyloid.
An unusual presentation of a congenital benign apocrine hamartoma
Authors: Epstein B. A. , Argenyi Z. B. , Goldstein G. , Whitaker D.
Published: April 2006

A case of an unusual benign apocrine hamartoma was studied by light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic methods. This tumor clinically showed a linear configuration and was located on the midline chest of a pubescent male. Microscopic studies revealed features of both a tubular apocrine adenoma and a syringocystadenoma papilliferum.
Immunoreactivity for bcl‐2 protein in cutaneous lymphomas and lymphoid hyperplasias*
Authors: Triscott Joseph A. , Ritter Jon H. , Swanson Paul E. , Wick Mark R.
Published: April 2006

The B‐cell leukemia/lymphoma gene (bcl‐2) produces a unique protein product (BCLP) that is believed to protect lymphoid cells from apoptosis. The bcl‐2 gene is frequently rearranged in nodal follicular lymphomas as well as in diffuse lymphoproliferations, but has generally been regarded as most useful in the recognition of the former of these lesions. However, little is known regarding BCLP expression in cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates. Using an immunohistochemical technique and a monoclonal antibody (clone no. 124) the authors examined 67 examples of cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates – 31 cases of malignant lymphoma of the skin (MLS) and 36 examples of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias (CLH) – to determine if patterns of BCLP reactivity could distinguish CLH from MLS or primary from secondary involvement of the skin by malignant lymphoma. Fifty‐eight per cent of MLS cases were BCL‐positive, as were 33% of CLH. Three of four cases of follicular cutaneous lymphoma showed BCLP‐positivity in neoplastic follicles, whereas similar structures in cases of CLH with a follicular pattern were BCLP‐negative. Sixty per cent of primary MLSs and 57% of secondary lymphomas were reactive for BCLP. These data suggest that immunostains for BCLP are of little help in the separation of benign from malignant cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates, and that they are likewise incapable of separating primary from secondary MLS. BCLP immunostains may have a limited adjuvant diagnostic role in distinguishing reactive from neoplastic follicular lymphoid lesions of the skin.
Expression of bcl‐2 protein and Ki‐67 nuclear proliferation antigen in benign and malignant cutaneous T‐cell infiltrates
Authors: Dummer Reinhard , Michie Sara A. , Kell Donna , Gould Jennifer W. , Haeffner Andreas C. , Smoller Bruce R. , Warnke Roger A. , Wood Gary S.
Published: April 2006

The bcl‐2 protein prolongs cell life by inhibiting apoptosis. Its expression has been studied in a variety of normal tissues and lymphomas but there is minimal information available concerning bcl‐2 expression by benign and malignant cutaneous T‐cells. Therefore, we investigated bcl‐2 expression in a wide variety of cutaneous T‐cell infiltrates using one‐ and two‐color immunohistologic techniques, bcl‐2 was expressed by the majority of lesional CD3+ T‐cells in most cases. This included 22Departments of 26 cases of mycosis fungoides (MF), 3/3 cases of non‐MF cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, 5/5 cases of lymphomatoid papulosis, 4/4 cases of T‐cell rich cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia, 2/3 cases of bullous pemphigoid, 2/2 cases of discoid lupus erythematosus and 1/1 case of lichen planus. Titration experiments and comparative studies of tonsil section positive controls revealed that, relative to mantle zone B‐cells, there was over‐ expression of bcl‐2 by a variable subset of T‐cells in most cases. Assessment of multiple biopsies in a subset of MF cases showed stable expression of bcl‐2 over intervals of up to two years. In contrast to the widespread expression of bcl‐2 in both early and advanced MF skin lesions, abundant expression of the nuclear proliferation antigen, Ki‐67, was skewed toward advanced MF skin lesions. Ten percnt or more Ki‐67+ cells were present in 5% of patients with patches/thin plaques, 38% with moderate plaques, 64% with thick plaques and 100% with tumor nodules. Two‐color immunohistologic analysis combined with molecular biologic analysis of clonality in the cases of T‐cell rich cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia indicated that bcl‐2 expression was both a polyclonal and multi‐lineage phenomenon, suggesting that it occurred by a physiologic rather than mutational mechanism. We conclude that bcl‐2 expression is a common feature of cutaneous T‐cell infiltrates that has minimal differential diagnostic value for distinguishing lymphomas from reactive T‐cell infiltrates. In early MF lesions, abundant expression of bcl‐2 and sparse expression of Ki‐67 suggested that the accumulation of tumor cells during the initial progression of MF may be facilitated by prolonged clonal survival in conjunction with low‐grade clonal proliferation.
Cutaneous ciliated cyst: a case report and histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study
Authors: Tachibana T. , Sakamoto F. , Ito M. , Ito K. , Kaneko Y. , Takenouchi T.
Published: April 2006

A 19‐year‐old woman with a cutaneous ciliated cyst on her buttock is reported. Histological, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies revealed ciliated cells, mucinous cells showing merocrine secretion, and areas of squamous metaplasia in the cyst wall. This is the first case of cutaneous ciliated cyst that contained non‐ciliated mucinous cells as a component.
The pigmentation of dental tissues in erythropoietic (congenital) porphyria
Authors: Trodahl J. N. , Schwartz S. , Gorlin R. I.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Historically, erythrodontia has been associated with congenital porphyria although it has been reported only inconsistently. The disease and its dental pigmentation have been reviewed briefly in this paper. In addition four teeth from porphyric patients and 18 teeth from cattle with porphyria were analyzed for porphyrin content. Fluorescence microscopy was employed to determine the pattern of porphyrin deposition. Porphyrins were found to be present in both enamel and dentin, although the concentration varied considerably and was generally much higher in the dentin. The concentration of porphyrins in the teeth would appear lo be influenced by the severity and duration of the disease. The presence of porphyrins in bands of higher and lower concentration corresponding in contour to the incremental growth lines of the teeth probably reflected exacerbation – remission cycles of the disease during formation of the teeth.
Laser effect on vital oral tissues: A preliminary investigation
Authors: Yamamoto H. , Okabe H. , Ooya K. , Hanaoka S. , Ohta S. , Kataoka K.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. A preliminary investigation into the effects of ruby laser radiation from 4 to 40 joule dosages on the incisor teeth, the dorsal surface of the tongue and the auricular skin was carried out on 20 rats. A unique articulating arm was utilized to direct the energy conveniently to the exposed target. A crater was produced in the labial surface of the incisor, and adjacent to the crater the normal appearing enamel was replaced by a glass‐like substance. Severe changes also occupied in the dental pulps, the tongues and the auricular skin. Although the possibility of the clinical application of laser in dentistry is considered to be premature for the time being, data both relevant and interesting enough to encourage further study were obtained.
A light and electron microscopic study of an atypical calcifying odontogenic tumor containing “amyloid”
Authors: Mohamed A. H. , Waterhouse J. P.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. The light and electron microscopic appearances of an atypical calcifying odontogenic mandibular tumor containing “amyloid” arc presented. In a part of the tumor, PAS‐reactive hyalin eosinophilic material which showed green dichroism by polarized light after Congo Red staining, and also hematoxylinophilic mineralized portions were found. By electron microscopy the hyalin material revealed a fibrillar structure. The fibrils had a median diameter of 100 Å. and were short and curved with some apparent outer modularity. They differed morphologically from other unidentified extracellular and intracellular densely packed fibrils of about 85 Å in diameter, from collagen fibers and from a small number of elastic fibers found in the connective tissue. Apparent calcification had occurred in aggregates of the 100 Å fibrils to produce‐ a linear and angulated electron‐dense front. Calcification within epithelial cells of the tumor, and calcification in irregular foci around collagen fibers were also found.

Quite different histopathological appearances were noted by light microscopy in different parts of the tumor. An anterior region contained numerous islands with large areas of odontogenic epithelium with peripheral ameloblast‐like cells and also solid sheets of cuboidal epithelial cells resembling in some ways those of the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor.

The upper or posterior region of the tumor contained marked cavernous hemangiomatous elements separated by a loose and often myxoid stroma. Metaplastic cartilage formation had occurred in one part of it. The third molar tooth was located near the coronoid notch. The tumor, although not precisely classified, appeared to be an atypical ameloblastic fibro‐odontoma.
Amodioquine induced oral pigmentation ‐ A light and electron microscopic study
Authors: Watson I. B. , MacDonald D. G.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. The case history is presented of a patient in whom palatal pigmentation developed following prolonged treatment with amodioquine (camoquin) for systemic lupus erythematosus. In the past there has been dubiety about the nature of the pathological pigmentation in such cases. Light microscopic investigations gave the usual staining reactions for melanin, and ultrastructural studies confirmed that melanin was present in the epithelium and in macrophages in the underlying connective tissues.
The effects of bacterial plaque extracts on organ cultures of fetal rat masticatory mucosa. II. Electron microscopy
Authors: Cobb Charles M.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Organ cultures of fetal rat masticatory mucosa inoculated with pooled extracts from bacterial plaque were examined by electron microscopy. In contrast to controls, the test group exhibited pronounced tissue and cellular degeneration, e.g., abnormally wide intercellular spaces, disruption of the basal lamina, vacuolation of the cytoplasm and degeneration of various cytoplasmic organelles.
White enamel patches.
Authors: Lustman J. , Sela M. , Sela J. , Ulmansky M.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. White enamel patches on approximal surfaces of human teeth were examined with a scanning electron microscope following the removal of plaque. The affected areas disclosed a honeycomb‐like structure constructed of enamel prisms, the cores of which were preferentially dissolved. The defects resembled those due to acid decalcification.
Bovine gingival collagenase: Demonstration and initial characterization
Authors: Birkedal‐Hansen H. , Cobb Charles M. , Taylor Robert E. , Fullmer Harold M.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. A collagenase active against native collagen was found in culture fluids of bovine gingiva. The enzyme first appeared in the culture fluid after 1–2 days and could be harvested thereafter for at least 30 days. The collagenase attacked collagen fibrils and cleaved collagen in solution, resulting in reaction products 1/4 and 3/4 of the length of the original molecule. The enzyme was inhibited by serum, by EDTA and by cysteine. The molecular weight was estimated by gel filtration to be 63,000 daltons.
Leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity of chemically induced rat salivary gland neoplasms
Authors: Brown Ashley M. , Frankel Arthur
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Chemically induced tumors of the rat submaxillary glands were tested for the presence of tumor antigens by in vitro leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity assays. Since it has been reported that the saliva of humans with oral cancer contains markedly elevated levels of secretory antibody, the rats' saliva specimens were also tested for blocking and/or potentiating “antibody” activity.

The results indicate that saliva from tumor‐bearing animals potentiated tumor cell killing if either the tumor cells or leukocytes were pretreated. The effect was much more marked when tumor cells were pretreated. Furthermore, the addition of saliva to tumor cells imparted an immunologic cross reactivity which was not present with untreated tumor cells. Control saliva occasionally produced a similar effect, but not as consistently or with the potency of saliva from tumor‐bearing animals. Heat inactivation did not abrogate this potentiation.

It is inferred that this may indicate a new system of immunologic surveillance, i.e. arming or potentiation of leukocytes by soluble tumor antigens in glandular secretions.
Keratin‐filled pseudocysts of ducts of sebaceous glands in the vermilion border of the lip
Authors: Sewerin Ib , Prætorius Finn
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Pathologic changes of free sebaceous glands are rare compared to those of the skin. Two keratin‐filled pseudocysts which developed in the excretory ducts of sebaceous glands in the vermilion border of the lower lip in an 86‐year‐old woman are described. The entity is probably related to milia of the skin.
The fibrous epulis in the dog
Authors: Greenwood A. M. , O'Brien F. V.
Published: April 2006

Abstract: The pathology of the fibrous epulis in the dog is described and found to be comparable to that seen in humans. Emphasis is placed on the apparent relationship between the hyperplasia of the covering epithelium and calcification of the connective tissue component, and a theory to explain this relationship is proposed.
The effect of oral physiotherapy on Dilantin gingival hyperplasia
Authors: King Don Allan , Hawes Roland R. , Bibby Basil G.
Published: April 2006

Gingival hyperplasia was studied in 13 boys with epilepsy living in a state hospital. Boys were selected on the basis of having gingival hyperplasia, having all teeth between cuspids (upper and lower), having no occlusal abnormality and being cooperative. After gingivectomy, regrowth of gingiva was compared around lateral incisors on one side of the mouth having operator‐assisted oral hygiene with that around lateral incisors on the other side of the mouth without operator‐assisted oral hygiene. Regrowth of tissue was documented by precise photogrammetry. Oral hygiene, gingival inflammation and crevicular fluid were monitored. Less inflammation, less crevicular fluid and less regrowth of gingival tissues occurred around teeth subjected to good oral hygiene. Precise periodic photographic documentation of the clinical status of patients during studies such as this is considered very valuable.
Collagenase Studies in bones of guinea pigs*
Authors: Heard Sam Bryan
Published: April 2006

A specific collagenase has been demonstrated in culture fluids of guinea pig bones. Based on the acrylamide gel eleclrophoretic pattern, the mechanism of action of guinea pig bone collagenase appears similar to other known vertebrate collagenases. Two peaks of enzymatic activity were found upon assay of fractions from gel chromatography, corresponding to molecular weights in the range of 137,000 daltons and 29,000 daltons. The enzyme is inhibited by cysteine and EDTA. Alpha2‐macroglobulin is a much stronger inhibitor of the collagenase than alpha1‐antitrypsin. Activation studies suggested the presence of a proenzyme to guinea pig bone collagenase that was converted to an active enzyme by proteases present in the culture fluid.
Histopathologic evaluation of the effects of four calcium hydroxide liners on monkey pulps
Authors: Heys D. R. , Heys R. J. , Cox C. F. , Avery J. K.
Published: April 2006

Pulpal response of four calcium hydroxide liners, MPC 10®, MPC 12®, Dycal® and Pulpdent® were tested on primary and permanent teeth with zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) and silicate as controls. Responses of the pulps were evaluated in Rhesus monkeys, utilizing Class V cavity preparations at 3 days, 5 and 8 weeks. An equivalent number of anterior and posterior teeth were studied for all compounds. The Ca(OH)2 liners, zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) and silicate controls were placed in 80 primary and 80 permanent teeth. Following perfusions the teeth were prepared utilizing routine histological procedures. The 3 day response of the calcium hydroxides was moderate with some disruption in the odontoblasts, vacuolization and mild inflammation underlying the cavity except Pulpdent which was more severe. At 5 weeks a decrease in inflammatory response and the formation of reparative dentin was similar for all calcium hydroxides tested at this time period. At 8 weeks more reparative dentin was noted with slight to moderate pulpal responses. At all time periods ZOE produced the least pulpal response while silicate produced the most severe response at 5 and 8 weeks.

This study reports the biological responses of four calcium hydroxide compounds used as cavity liners in non‐exposures in a series of primary and permanent teeth of monkeys using ZOE and silicate as controls. Responses to the four Ca(OH)2 compounds were moderate for all the experimental compounds except Pulpdent which was more severe at the early time period tested. ZOE produced a milder and silicate a severe response at all periods. All of these compounds were placed by random selection in anterior and posterior teeth of both arches and five teeth were evaluated in both primary and permanent teeth at 3 days, 5 and 8 weeks.
Changes in granular endoplasmic reticulum induced in cultured human monocytes by colony stimulating factor
Authors: Mohammad Abdel Rahim
Published: April 2006

The supernatant portion of cultured human monocytes produces a biological factor known as colony stimulating factor. The addition of culture fluid containing colony stimulating factor to cultured human monocytes produced morphologic changes in the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Granular endoplasmic reticulum changed its appearance from long slender cisternae to a concentric pattern (whorls) averaging seven rows per structure 120 min following the addition of culture fluids containing colony stimulating factor.
Atrophic lesions of the tongue: A prevalence study among 175 diabetic patients
Authors: Farman Allan G.
Published: April 2006

Central papillary atrophy and other anomalies of the tongue were studied among 175 diabetic outpatients attending the Tygerberg Hospital. Atrophic lesions of the tongue were found in 26.9 % of the patients and 61.7 % of these lesions were central papillary atrophy. The degree of control of the diabetes as measured by plasma glucose and urine analyses was not related to the frequency of central papillary atrophy. The prevalence of central papillary atrophy in diabetics was found to be much higher than that of central papillary atrophy and median rhomboid glossitis found in previous investigations among other populations. It is suggested that patients with central papillary atrophy should be screened to rule out diabetes mellitus as the underlying cause. Double central fissures, producing well demarcated triangular areas with their bases at the “sulcus terminalis”, were seen in nine instances (5.1 %). Four of these areas were associated with central papillary atrophy; the remaining five were covered by non‐atrophic mucosa with filiform and fungiform papillae.
The inflammatory infiltrate in lichen planus lesions
Authors: Walker D. M.
Published: April 2006

The labeling index of the infiltrate of oral lichen planus lesions was significantly greater than that of normal mucosa, and its labeling activity redistributed, as determined by in vitro autoradiography. An electron microscopic examination of the infiltrate of lichen planus lesions of oral mucosa and skin supported the concept that the lichen planus infiltrate represents a cell mediated immune response in which T lymphocytes and macrophages are predominant.
Granular cell peripheral odontogenic fibroma
Authors: Lownie J. F. , Altini M. , Shear M.
Published: April 2006

A case of a peripheral odontogenic fibroma which contained aggregates of large granular cells is reported. These granular cells are similar to those previously described in the granular cell myoblastoma, congenital epulis and the granular cell ameloblastic fibroma.

Deep extensions of the basal layer of overlying gingival epithelium, in double‐strand fashion, are frequently observed in peripheral odontogenic fibromas. These strands closely resemble those seen in the tumor itself. On this basis, and as similar basal cell prolongations are seen in other jaw lesions, it is postulated that residual ectomesenchymal influence may be responsible for inducing the basal cell proliferations in a similar manner to that which occurs during early embryonic dental development. This, it is suggested, might possibly be the histogenesis of the odontogenic epithelial strands in the peripheral odontogenic fibroma.
Production of keratinizing cysts within mandibles of rats with autogenous gingival epithelial grafts
Authors: Soskolne W. A. , Bab J. , Sochat S.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. A method for the consistent production of epithelial‐lined cysts in the mandibles of rats is described. Attached gingiva from the interdental papilla was excised and implanted into prepared cavities in the mandible. The animals were examined at time periods varying from 0 to 45 days later. Twenty‐seven of the 28 animals examined after 7 days or longer had developed cysts. An interpretation of the pathogenesis of these cysts was made based on histologic observations and measurements of the cysts at the various time intervals.
The Histological Effects of Composite Resin Materials on the Pulps of Monkey Teeth
Authors: Heys R. J. , Heys D. R. , Cox C. F. , Avery J. K.
Published: April 2006

Abstract Pulpal response of three bis glycol methacrylate composite resins. Smile®, Simulate® and Experimental Composite #2 were tested on primary and permanent monkey teeth using zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and silicate as controls. All materials were placed in Class V cavity preparations in Rhesus monkey teeth and evaluated at 3 days and 5 and 8 weeks. The materials were randomly placed in anterior and posterior teeth utilizing 75 primary and 75 permanent teeth. Following perfusion the teeth were prepared by routine histological procedures. The 3 day response of the composite resins was moderate, characterized by disruption of the odontoblasts, vacuolization and a mild inflammatory response underlying the cavity. At 5 weeks the formation of reparative dentin and a decrease in the inflammatory response was similar for all resins observed. At 8 weeks a slight increase in reparative dentin and a continued decrease in inflammation was noted when compared to the 5 week responses. At all time intervals ZOE produced the least pulpal response while silicate produced the most severe response.
Pigmented cells in adenolymphoma (Warthin's tumor)
Authors: Buchner Amos , David Raffaele
Published: April 2006

Abstract A study of a series of adenolymphomas showed the presence of pigmented cells in the lymphoid stroma in 85 % of the cases. The pigmented cells contained light brown cytoplasmic pigment and manifested sudanophila, acid‐fastness, silver reduction capacity, PAS positivity and yellow autofluorescence in ultraviolet light. The morphology, histochemical reactions and autofluorescence suggest that the pigmented cells are macrophages containing ceroid derived from breakdown of damaged organelles of the epithelial tumor cells. It is possible that these cells play a role in the elimination of undigestable pigment material present in the cystic spaces of the tumor.
Altered Enzyme Release by Virus Infected Mouse Salivary Glands
Authors: Schuster G. S. , Dirksen T. R. , Singh B. , Pashley D. H.
Published: April 2006

Abstract The rates of release of salivary amylase and esterase from normal and polyoma virus infected mouse submandibular glands were measured in a continuous flow perifusion system. Following stimulation by epinephrine, the rate of release of esterase by the infected glands was significantly greater than that from control glands. The rate of amylase release, while greater from infected glands, was not significantly different. The total enzyme contents from infected and control tissues were similar. Cyclic GMP was found to be higher in the infected glands than the control glands, suggesting one possible mechanism for the higher rates of enzyme release by infected tissues.