bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hospital admission for mental illness: Comparing women who gave birth in a private hospital and a public hospital
Authors: Sims Deborah , Xu Fenglian , Fowler Cathrine , Catling Christine
Published: November 2020

Background

In Australia, perinatal care is provided through a mix of government and private funding. Women who give birth in a private hospital are less likely to receive depression screening and psychosocial assessment and are less likely to access parenting services that support mental health outcomes, compared to women who give birth in a public hospital.

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the risk of one outcome of perinatal mental illness – hospital admission – for women who gave birth in private hospitals compared to women who gave birth in public hospitals.

Methods

This population‐based cohort study employed binary regression analysis of state government data. Linkage of the Perinatal Data Collection, Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, and Admitted Patients Data Collection (2003–2009) has provided comparative information on women admitted to any hospital during the first year after birth with a primary diagnosis of mental illness.

Results

In the first year after birth, women who gave birth in private hospitals were more likely to be admitted to a hospital with a primary diagnosis of mental illness (rate = 2.54%, 95% CI = 2.40–2.68%) than women who gave birth in public hospitals (rate = 1.68%, 95% CI = 1.61–1.75%).

Conclusion

The increased likelihood of admission for postnatal mental illness may indicate increased risk of developing a mental illness for women who gave birth in a private hospital.
Partial measurement invariance of beliefs about teaching for creativity across U.S. and Chinese educators
Authors: Katz‐Buonincontro Jen , Hass Richard , Kettler Todd , Tang Lisa Min , Hu Weiping
Published: November 2020

Background

While empirical research on creativity has grown steadily over the past 35 years, teachers’ beliefs about creativity and their implicit beliefs about teaching for creativity remains understudied, as well as cross‐cultural examination of teacher beliefs in this area.

Aims

This study explored the measurement invariance of beliefs about teaching for creativity (creative self‐efficacy, fixed creative mindset, growth creative mindset, desirability of creativity for teaching success and value of creativity for student academic and workplace success).

Sample

American and Chinese educators at two universities were surveyed to rate the degree to which they agreed with statements about beliefs about teaching for creativity (N = 376).

Methods

Measurement invariance analysis was used Multiple‐Groups Confirmatory Factor Analysis with the lavaan package in the R Statistical Programing Environment.

Results

Partial measurement invariance was obtained such that a model with factor loadings constrained equal across samples for four of the five constructs (creative self‐efficacy, fixed creative mindset, growth creative mindset, desirability of creativity for teaching success), did not worsen model fitness. Additionally, when factor loadings for items on the value of creativity for student academic and workplace success latent variable were allowed to vary across samples, we found evidence of structural invariance. That is, the covariances among the five latent variables were found to be invariant across samples.

Conclusions

The major result of this study is that the theoretical structure and relations among five important creative self‐constructs is invariant across American and Chinese educational constructs. However, there may be cultural differences in the value of creativity for student academic and workplace success, as perceived by teachers. Future research can focus on calibrating teacher beliefs about teaching for creativity with classroom observation, in American and Chinese educational contexts.
Insurance coverage expansion and inequalities in unmet oral healthcare needs in Korea: Repeated cross‐sectional analysis, 2007‐2015
Authors: Kim Nam‐Hee , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: November 2020

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate whether Korea's 2012 health insurance expansion of adult dental care coverage reduced income‐based oral health inequalities.

Methods

This study analysed nationally representative repeated cross‐sectional data from waves IV to VI (2007‐2015) of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The main outcome variable is unmet dental needs due to cost, and the independent variable is household income. Further, the slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative index of inequality (RII) were calculated. Calculations were adjusted for income and stratified by age group, gender and survey period. Data from the three waves were pooled to estimate the SII and RII trend coefficients between survey years. These were tested using two‐way interaction terms for each age group and gender.

Results

Some changes in income‐based inequality trends were identified. Relative and absolute inequalities in unmet needs (indicated by the RII and SII) decreased over time for most age groups. However, this trend was not observed for older women.

Conclusions

Income‐based inequalities in unmet dental needs persisted among older women in Korea despite the insurance expansion. By contrast, after the 2012 insurance expansion, the absolute and relative inequality in unmet dental needs decreased for young and middle‐aged as well as older adults.
Ant preference for seeds without awns increases removal of exotic relative to native grass seeds
Authors: Wandrag Elizabeth M. , Copeland Hannah R. , Duncan Richard P.
Published: November 2020

1. The removal of seeds by granivorous ants can affect plant recruitment through either seed loss from predation or the dispersal and recruitment of seeds that are removed but not consumed. Consequently, variation in ant selection preferences can influence patterns of seed removal and affect plant community composition, including the spread of exotic plant species.

2. We conducted a seed removal experiment to determine whether: 1) rates of removal by ants differed between three native and three exotic grass species in an Australian temperate grassland; and 2) differences in removal rates were associated with the presence or absence of awns.

3. We found that seeds of the three exotic species, none of which had awns, were removed by ants at a higher rate than those of the three native species, all of which had awns. Removal rates of native species increased when awns were manually removed, suggesting the awns of native species acted as a removal barrier.

4. While we do not know the fate of seeds removed from our experiment, differences among species in removal rates mirrored differences in their spatial spread in a separate seed addition experiment. Exotic species removed by ants at a higher rate in the removal experiment had more widely dispersed seedlings than native species in the seed addition experiment, potentially indicating a role for granivorous ants in dispersing exotic seeds. Identifying ant selection preferences and directly linking removal to seed fate could help explain how exotic grass species move around the landscape.
Minocycline in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases: An update
Authors: Romero‐Miguel Diego , Lamanna‐Rama Nicolás , Casquero‐Veiga Marta , Gómez‐Rangel Vanessa , Desco Manuel , Soto‐Montenegro María Luisa
Published: November 2020

Background and purpose

Minocycline is a broad‐spectrum antibiotic, effective as a chronic treatment for recurrent bacterial infections. Beyond its antibiotic action, minocycline also has important anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Its efficacy has therefore been evaluated in many neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases that have an inflammatory basis. Our aim was to review preclinical and clinical studies performed in neurological and psychiatric diseases whose treatment involved the use of minocycline and thereby to discern the possible beneficial effect of minocycline in these disorders.

Methods

Completed and ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials of minocycline for both neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders, published from January 1995 to January 2020, were identified through searching relevant databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/, https://clinicaltrials.gov/). A total of 74 preclinical studies and 44 clinical trials and open‐label studies were selected.

Results

The results of the nearly 20 years of research identified are diverse. While minocycline mostly proved to be effective in animal models, clinical results showed divergent outcomes, with positive results in some studies counterbalanced by a number of cases with no significant improvements. Specific data for each disease are further individually described in this review.

Conclusions

Despite minocycline demonstrating antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects, discrepancies between preclinical and clinical data indicate that we should be cautious in analyzing the outcomes. Improving and standardizing protocols and refining animal models could help us to determine if minocycline really is a useful drug in the treatment of these pathologies.
Apoptosis – Fueling the oncogenic fire
Authors: Castillo Ferrer Camila , Berthenet Kevin , Ichim Gabriel
Published: November 2020

Apoptosis, the most extensively studied form of programmed cell death, is essential for organismal homeostasis. Apoptotic cell death has widely been reported as a tumor suppressor mechanism. However, recent studies have shown that apoptosis exerts noncanonical functions and may paradoxically promote tumor growth and metastasis. The hijacking of apoptosis by cancer cells may arise at different levels, either via the interaction of apoptotic cells with their local or distant microenvironment, or through the abnormal pro‐oncogenic roles of the main apoptosis effectors, namely caspases and mitochondria, particularly upon failed apoptosis. In this review, we highlight some of the recently described mechanisms by which apoptosis and these effectors may promote cancer aggressiveness. We believe that a better understanding of the noncanonical roles of apoptosis may be crucial for developing more efficient cancer therapies.
Is contact between men who have sex with men and non‐governmental organizations providing harm reduction associated with improved HIV outcomes?
Authors: Trickey A , Stone J , Semchuk N , Saliuk T , Sazonova Y , Varetska O , Lim AG , Walker JG , Vickerman P
Published: November 2020

Objectives

There is a high prevalence of HIV (5.2% in 2018) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Ukraine. HIV testing, condom provision and facilitated linkage to HIV treatment have been funded by various bodies through non‐governmental organizations (NGOs). We investigated whether contact with these NGOs was associated with improved prevention and treatment outcomes among MSM in Ukraine.

Methods

Data were taken from four rounds of integrated bio‐behavioural surveys among MSM in Ukraine (2011, N = 5950; 2013, N = 8101; 2015, N = 4550; 2018, N = 5971) including HIV testing combined with questionnaire responses. Data were analysed using mixed‐effect regression models, which estimated associations between being an NGO client and behavioural, HIV testing and HIV treatment outcomes, adjusted for demographic factors.

Results

Those MSM who were NGO clients were more likely than non‐clients to have been HIV tested in the last year [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 7.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.45–7.62] or ever (aOR = 11.00, 95% CI: 9.77–12.38), to have used a condom for the last anal sex act (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.21–1.43), and to have recently either bought or received condoms (aOR = 21.27, 95% CI: 18.01–25.12). HIV‐positive MSM were more likely to have contact with NGOs (aOR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.39–1.86). Among the HIV‐positive MSM, those who were NGO clients were more likely to be registered at an AIDS centre (aOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.61–3.11) and to be on antiretroviral treatment (aOR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.51–3.20).

Conclusions

In Ukraine, being in contact with MSM‐targeted NGOs is associated with better outcomes for HIV prevention, testing and treatment, suggesting that NGO harm reduction projects for MSM have had a beneficial impact on reducing HIV transmission and morbidity.
Infants distinguish and represent pattern as an object feature from externally generated patterns superimposed on real, 3‐dimensional objects' surfaces
Authors: Woods Rebecca J. , Johnson Kristin M. , Honsa Ellen , Westrom Savanna , Lammers Shea M.
Published: November 2020

As infants form object representations, the patterns viewed on objects' surfaces may be challenging to decipher because these patterns may be created from the surface reflectance of an object (an object property) or from an external source, such as a cast shadow. We tested 7 ½‐month‐old infants' use of cues that specify the source of patterns seen on the surfaces of real, 3‐dimensional objects to individuate those objects. Results suggest that when forming object representations based on patterns, 7½‐month‐olds rely heavily on temporal and depth cues to distinguish patterns inherent to the object from other types of patterns.
A qualitative study of patients’ and providers’ experiences with the use of videoconferences by older adults with depression
Authors: Christensen Lone Fisker , Wilson Rhonda , Hansen Jens Peter , Nielsen Connie Thuroe , Gildberg Frederik Alkier
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of patients and providers regarding the use of videoconferences in older patients with depression. The qualitative study consisted of semi‐structured interviews with patients and providers and focus group interviews with providers. Themes were identified through using thematic analysis. Three main themes were as follows: 1. Technical Challenges experienced by patients and providers experiences; 2. Videoconferencing as clinical supportive technology; and 3. Therapeutic relationship across face‐to‐face and videoconferencing formats. Several subthemes describing patients’ and providers’ experiences were identified. Taken together, there was a similarity between expectations, opinions, and attitudes in relation to experiences vertically across all main themes, and horizontally between the main themes. An optimistic outlook influenced user expectations, opinions, and attitudes and acted to mitigate an negative sentiment about technical challenges. This increased the adoption of videoconferencing as a tool for clinical support and enabled the development of a therapeutic relationship using videoconferencing, especially for provider users. Both patients and providers agreed that videoconferences could not replace all face‐to‐face conversations and that videoconferences, in most cases, were best suited for shorter follow‐up consultations. Expectations, opinions, and attitudes, whether negative or positive, seemed to have significant impact on the experiences of patients and especially providers.
CircFAT1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via miR‐30a‐5p/REEP3 pathway
Authors: Wei Hailiang , Yan Shuguang , Hui Yi , Liu Yonggang , Guo Hui , Li Qian , Li Jingtao , Chang Zhanjie
Published: November 2020

As newly found non‐coding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in multiple biological processes. Emerging evidence has illustrated the pivotal roles of circRNAs in various human cancers. However, the function of circFAT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unclear. In the present study, we found that circFAT1 expression is up‐regulated in HCC tissues and cells. In addition, circFAT1 level is positively correlated with TNM stage and tumour size. To further explore the function of circFAT1 in HCC, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. The results show that circFAT1 inhibition reduces the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells and tumorigenesis in vivo, whereas REEP3 overexpression reverses these processes. In conclusion, circFAT1 sponges miR‐30a‐5p to regulate the expression of REEP3, thus promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. New HCC diagnosis or treatment strategies may be developed from circFAT1 as a target.
Cost‐effectiveness of longitudinal surveillance for Piscirickettsia salmonis using qPCR in Atlantic salmon farms (Salmo salar) in Chile
Authors: Delphino Marina K. V. C. , Mardones Fernando O. , Neumann Heise Joaquin , Gallardo Alicia , Jimenez Daniel , Peña Andrea , Rozas‐Serri Marco , Gardner Ian A.
Published: November 2020

Costs of diagnostic testing including sample collection, sampling frequency and sample size are an important consideration in the evaluation of the economic feasibility of alternative surveillance strategies for detection of infectious diseases in aquatic animals. In Chile, Piscirickettsia salmonis is the primary reason for antibiotic treatments in farmed Atlantic salmon. In 2012, a surveillance and control programme for piscirickettsiosis was established with an overall goal of reducing antibiotic use. The present study estimated the cost‐effectiveness of different sampling frequencies and sample sizes to achieve at least 95% confidence of early detection of P. salmonis at the netpen and farm levels using a validated qPCR test. We developed a stochastic model that incorporated variability in test accuracy, within‐pen prevalence and sampling costs. Our findings indicated that the current piscirickettsiosis surveillance programme based on risk‐based sampling of five moribund or dead fish from 2 to 3 netpens is cost‐effective and gives a high probability of detection of P. salmonis in Atlantic salmon farms in Chile at both the netpen and farm levels. Results from this study should incentivize salmon farmers to establish cost‐effective strategies for early detection of P. salmonis infection and the application of this approach to other highly infectious diseases.
Sleep and circadian problems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic: the International COVID‐19 Sleep Study (ICOSS)
Authors: Partinen Markku , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Holzinger Brigitte , Chung Frances , Penzel Thomas , Espie Colin A. , Morin Charles M. ,   ICOSS‐collaboration group
Published: November 2020

This protocol paper describes the development of an international collaboration to survey several thousand adults from different countries around the world about their sleep during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. It is based on the development of a harmonised survey with 50 questions (106 different items) on sleep habits and sleep symptoms that permit comparability of information. The harmonised questionnaire may be used in anonymous cross‐sectional surveys, and the instruments within the questionnaire may also be used in prospective studies and clinical studies. The aim was to develop a questionnaire to sample a variety of sleep–wake disorders and other symptoms likely to be caused by prolonged social confinement or by having had COVID‐19. The questionnaire was designed to be: (a) simple and, (b) free to use, for research purposes, (c) multilingual, and (d) comprehensive. It can be completed in <30 min. By the end of June 2020, the survey questionnaire had been administered in Austria, Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Norway, Poland, Sweden, UK and USA. Research questions to be addressed by the pooled data derived from the participating sites focus on describing the nature and rates of various sleep and circadian rhythms symptoms, as well as their psychological and medical correlates, that arise at various points during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Emancipatory knowledge and epistemic reflexivity: The knowledge and practice for change?
Authors: Ng Stella L. , Rowland Paula , Kinsella Elizabeth Anne
Published: November 2020

Ng et al. argue that the antidote to solution‐ism may be epistemic reflexivity and its emphasis on personal and emancipatory knowledge.
Diverging Subordinate Themes and Internal Transitions: Assessing Internal Modulations in Three‐Key Expositions
Authors: Hunt Graham G.
Published: November 2020

Recent scholarship on the ‘three‐key exposition’ has drawn attention to its historical evolution, Schenkerian voice‐leading considerations and issues with cadences and internal ‘crises’ in Schubert's three‐key expositions. One question remains to be answered: How and where do composers get from the second key to the third? Using William Caplin's theory of formal functions to help classify those internal modulations, this paper will assess strategies employed in these unique expositional layouts. Using a range of works from Haydn to Tchaikovsky, a number of categories for such modulations are identified on the basis of their location within the relevant subordinate theme. These categories are then used to examine the nature of second modulations, and to adapt Caplin's theory to promote a clearer understanding of the harmonic richness and formal complexity of nineteenth‐century sonata style.
Effect of abdominal massage on bowel evacuation in neurosurgical intensive care patients
Authors: Altun Ugras Gulay , Yüksel Serpil , Isik Meryem Turkan , Tasdelen Bahar , Dogan Havva , Mutluay Ozum
Published: November 2020

Background

There are many factors, which affect the bowel evacuation of neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU) patients, resulting in constipation.

Aim and objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate effect of abdominal massage on bowel evacuation and the risk of constipation in NICU patients.

Design

A prospective, randomized‐controlled clinical trial.

Methods

The sample of this study included 80 NICU patients. The patients were randomly assigned to abdominal massage and control groups. The constipation risk of all the patients was assessed with Constipation Risk Assessment Scale (CRAS). The patients in the abdominal massage group received a total of 30 minutes of massage, 15 minutes every morning and evening, until the first defecation. The bowel sounds of all patients in the abdominal massage and control groups were assessed on a daily basis. The days when bowel sounds were heard and the first defecation took place were recorded in a Bowel Evacuation Form.

Results

The risk of constipation was higher in the patients in the abdominal massage (CRAS score 19.02 ± 1.81) and control groups (CRAS score 20.45 ± 2.61). The time of return of bowel sounds and the time of the first defecation were earlier in the abdominal massage group, compared to the control group (P < .05). In the control group, there was a weak correlation (P = .004) between the CRAS score and the time of return of bowel sounds, while there was a moderate correlation between the CRAS score and the time of the first defecation (P < .001).

Conclusion

Our study results show that the risk of constipation is high in NICU patients, and abdominal massage is an effective nursing intervention to shorten the time of return of bowel sounds and the time of the first defecation.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nurses can safely apply abdominal massage to improve bowel evacuation in NICU patients.
Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators in cardiac transplant recipients: A systematic review from the Electrophysiology Collaborative Consortium for Meta‐analysis—ELECTRAM investigators
Authors: Garg Jalaj , Shah Kuldeep , Turagam Mohit K. , Tzou Wendy , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Natale Andrea , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction reduces mortality secondary to malignant arrhythmias. Whether cardiac transplant patients considered high risk for sudden death (SD) derive similar benefits remains controversial.

Methods

Systematic search, without language restriction, using PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed from inception to June 4, 2020, for studies that had reported outcomes in patients who had ICD implanted after cardiac transplant. The outcomes studied were as follows: (a) SD and (b) appropriate and inappropriate ICD therapies.

Results

Seven studies (from 1983 through 2018) with a total of 338 cardiac transplant patients who received ICD met study inclusion criteria. The mean age was 48.37 ± 14.85 years, and 70.4% were men. The pooled incidence of SD was 16.3% (95% CI 6.2‐29.0%; I2 = 66%). Appropriate and inappropriate ICD therapies were observed in 12.1% (95% CI 5.3‐20.4; I2 = 0%) and 3.5% (95% CI 0.11‐9.58%; I2 = 0%), respectively during the follow‐up period (27.48 ± 24.27 months). The most common cause for SD was heart failure (15.6%), followed by electromechanical disassociation, malignant ventricular arrhythmias (4.7% each, respectively), and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) (3.1%). Furthermore, approximately 60% (10/17) of patients with appropriate ICD shocks had CAV.

Conclusion

Despite, low incidence of arrhythmic mortality, there remains an increased burden of ventricular arrhythmias, as evident by a 12% appropriate ICD shock rates, suggesting ICD might be a practical decision in selected cardiac transplant patients deemed high risk of SD (i.e., patients with advanced CAV and left ventricular systolic dysfunction).
On the Perimeter: Sense Perception and Mind‐Matter Entanglement
Authors: Boyle Dennis E.
Published: November 2020

This paper argues from the diversity of the five sense modes and the brief, fragmentary nature of what imposes on each of those five modes that sense‐perceptual objects such as books and running foxes become objects of understanding only through intellect’s subliminal, self‐referential organising activity (ISSOA) and so are properly understood as objects of thought rather than sense; and insofar as such objects are the entities which constitute empirical reality as we understand it, any consideration of or reference made to them is necessarily a reference to ISSOA, so ISSOA is properly regarded as a fundamental component of that reality.
Hydrogen sulfide mediates defense response in safflower by regulating secondary metabolism, oxidative defense, and elemental uptake under drought
Authors: Amir Shahzada B. , Rasheed Rizwan , Ashraf Muhammad A. , Hussain Iqbal , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: November 2020

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a newly recognized molecule mediating plant defense responses under drought. The role of exogenous H2S in regulating plant responses under drought has been reported in a few plant species including spinach, wheat, Arabidopsis, soybean, and citrus plants. However, no report is available on the outcome of exogenous H2S on drought response in safflower plants. Therefore, the present study was planned to get insight into H2S‐mediated regulation of growth, secondary metabolism, oxidative defense, and uptake of minerals in two safflower cultivars (Safflower‐16427 and Safflower‐16493). Plants were exposed to two NaHS (0.5 and 1.0 mM) and two drought levels (70 and 50% field capacity [FC]). We found a notable depression in growth, yield, chlorophyll, and potassium (K+) uptake under drought. The decline was more significant in plants facing 50% FC. The oxidative injury in plants was higher under severe drought and led to the decline in chlorophyll, plant biomass, and yield production. Drought induced a noticeable accretion in the accumulation of total soluble sugars, proline, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, and secondary metabolites that protect plants against oxidative damages caused by drought. The activities of antioxidant enzymes increased substantially in safflower cultivars under drought. Besides, plants pretreated with NaHS (0.5 mM) subsided the oxidative damage by increasing the accumulation of secondary metabolites and strengthening the antioxidant capacity under drought. Further, drought plants suffered significant disturbances in ions homeostasis that was circumvented by exogenous H2S. The interactive effect of drought and H2S did not display a significant difference between the cultivars.
Evaluation of the reliability and validity of Functional Assessment Of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐Being‐Expanded in elderly patients with chronic orthopaedic diseases
Authors: Weng Nengyuan , Li Kainan , Lan Hai , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xiaojing , Gui Yongxia , Fu Xuefei , Liu Qixin
Published: November 2020

Background

The Functional Assessment Of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐Being‐Expanded (FACIT‐Sp‐Ex) scale can simultaneously evaluate the quality of life and spiritual health level of patients with chronic orthopaedic diseases. We performed the FACIT‐Sp‐Ex scale in Chinese, and tested its reliability and validity in patients with chronic orthopaedic diseases.

Methods

There were 249 patients with chronic orthopaedic diseases who were selected for the questionnaire survey. AMOS 23.0 and SPSS 25.0 were used for statistical analysis to calculate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the scale.

Results

The Chinese version of FACIT‐Sp‐Ex scale showed that root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.06. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.83, the subscale was 0.72 ~ 0.82. The meaning, peace, relational subscales and total scale of the FACIT‐Sp‐Ex were negatively correlated with hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and positively correlated with health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). All four subdomains were inversely associated with HADS anxiety symptoms, the peace and relational subscales were inversely associated with HADS depressive symptoms. Elderly female patients score higher than male patients in faith subscale. The highest‐scoring disease in FACIT‐Sp‐Ex faith scale was osteoarthritis, which in FACIT‐Sp‐Ex total scale are piriformis syndrome and osteoarthritis.

Conclusion

The Chinese version of FACIT‐Sp‐Ex scale has good reliability and validity, which can be used as an evaluation tool for the spiritual status and quality of life of Chinese elderly chronic orthopaedic patients.
Children's interpretation moderates relations of maternal autonomy support with sociability and assertiveness in China
Authors: Gao Dan , Liu Junsheng , Bullock Amanda , Chen Xinyin
Published: November 2020

This 1‐year longitudinal study investigated whether children's positive interpretations of maternal autonomy support moderated its relations with later sociability and assertiveness in China. Third to sixth graders (N = 889; 50.4% girls; Mage = 10.82 years, SD = 1.29) residing in Shanghai, P.R. China, reported maternal autonomy support and their interpretations of such parenting. Children's sociability was rated by teachers and assertiveness was assessed via peer nominations. Results indicated that child interpretations moderated the associations between maternal autonomy support and later sociability and assertiveness after controlling for their stabilities. For children with high levels of child‐beneficial interpretations, maternal autonomy support was positively associated with later sociability and assertiveness. However, for children with low or average levels of child‐beneficial interpretations, maternal autonomy support was not related to later sociability and assertiveness. Moreover, maternal autonomy support was positively related to later sociability for girls, but not for boys. The findings highlighted the possible role of children's interpretations in modulating the impact of mothers' autonomy support on social functioning.
Long‐term return and donation pattern of those who begin donating at different ages: A retrospective cohort analysis of blood donors in Australia
Authors: Priyono Agus , Masser Barbara M. , Dyda Amalie , Davison Tanya E. , Irving David O. , Karki Surendra
Published: November 2020

Background

This study compared the likelihood of return to donate and donation rate ratio by age of donors at their first donation when followed up to 12 years.

Study Design and Methods

Donation history of two cohorts of first‐time donors (those donating in 2007 and 2013) was extracted until March 2019 from Australian Red Cross Lifeblood's national database. Poisson regression analyses compared donor return and negative‐binomial regression estimated the rate ratio of donations.

Results

A total of 120 469 and 95 381 donors were included in the 2007 and 2013 cohorts, respectively. Compared to donors aged 20‐24 years, the likelihood of return in both cohorts increased consistently as age at first donation increased from 30‐years and above. Average number of whole‐blood and plasmapheresis donations increased as the age at first donation increased from 30‐years onward. The whole‐blood donation rate was highest for donors ≥60 years, while plasmapheresis donation rate was highest for donors aged 50‐59 years. These patterns were largely consistent when stratified by sex.

Conclusions

To continuously ensure the short‐ to mid‐term sufficiency of blood supply in Australia, targeted recruitment of donors aged 30‐years and above may be considered, however its feasibility and impact should be explored further given relatively smaller proportion of new donors are middle‐aged and older under current policies. Future studies with a longer follow‐up period are needed to examine whether the frequency of donation among those who start donating at a younger age increases later in their life when they are 30‐years or over.
Organizational Culture Beyond Consensus and Clarity: Narratives From Elite Sport
Authors: McDougall Michael , Ronkainen Noora , Richardson David , Littlewood Martin , Nesti Mark
Published: November 2020

In sport psychology, organizational culture is usually depicted as shared, consistent, and clear—the glue that holds people together so they can achieve success. There is, however, growing discontent in sport psychology with this idea of culture and extensive critiques in other academic domains that suggest this perspective is limited. Accordingly, the authors draw on narrative interviews with participants (n = 7) from different areas of sport and use Martin and Meyerson’s three perspective (integration, differentiation, and fragmentation) approach to culture alongside thematic analysis to reconstruct three “ideal cases” that exemplify each perspective. The findings emphasize a different pattern of meaning in each actors’ narrative and suggest the need to develop a broader, more inclusive concept of culture, so as not to minimize or dismiss cultural content that is not obviously shared, clear, or created by leadership; a course of action that can enhance both research and practice in the area.
Nebulin and Lmod2 are critical for specifying thin-filament length in skeletal muscle
Authors: Kiss Balázs , Gohlke Jochen , Tonino Paola , Hourani Zaynab , Kolb Justin , Strom Joshua , Alekhina Olga , Smith John E. , Ottenheijm Coen , Gregorio Carol , Granzier Henk
Published: November 2020

Nebulin rules thin-filament length in fast skeletal muscle but collaborates with leiomodin-2 in muscles optimized for efficiency.
How to improve robotic touch
Authors: Sundaram Subramanian
Published: November 2020

Challenges for instrumenting robotic hands to match human performance are outlined
Fatty exosomes hamper antitumor immunity
Authors: Van den Bossche Jan
Published: November 2020

Fatty acids in tumor-derived exosomes induce a metabolic switch resulting in immune dysfunction in dendritic cells.
The Funnel: a Screening Technique for Identifying Optimal Two-Drug Combination Chemotherapy Regimens
Authors: Drusano G. L. , Kim Sarah , Almoslem Mohammed , Schmidt Stephan , D’Argenio D. Z. , Myrick Jenny , Duncanson Brandon , Nole Jocelyn , Brown David , Peloquin C. A. , Neely Michael , Yamada Walter , Louie Arnold
Published: November 2020

The
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
drug discovery effort has generated a substantial number of new/repurposed drugs for therapy for this pathogen. The arrival of these drugs is welcome, but another layer of difficulty has emerged.
Human Cytomegalovirus Interactions with the Basement Membrane Protein Nidogen 1
Authors: Kuan Man I , Jaeger Hannah K. , Balemba Onesmo B. , O’Dowd John M. , Duricka Deborah , Hannemann Holger , Marx Emmerentia , Teissier Natacha , Gabrielli Liliana , Bonasoni Maria Paola , Keithley Elizabeth M. , Fortunato Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2020

We have found that HCMV infection promotes the elimination of the developmentally important basement membrane protein nidogen 1 (NID1) from its host. The virus both decreased transcription and induced degradation of expressed protein.
Factors influencing inappropriate use of antibiotics in outpatient and community settings in China: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Lin Leesa , Sun Ruyu , Yao Tingting , Zhou Xudong , Harbarth Stephan
Published: November 2020

Background

For decades, antibiotics have been excessively consumed around the world, contributing to increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and negatively impacting health outcomes and expenditures. Antibiotic use in China accounts for half of worldwide antibiotic consumption, which mainly takes place in outpatient and community settings, and often unnecessarily for self-limiting community-acquired infections. This study aimed to identify and assess factors of inappropriate use of antibiotics in the Chinese context to inform the development of interventions to mitigate inappropriate consumption in the absence of clinical indications.

Methods

We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review and included empirical studies with original data conducted in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan that investigated factors of antibiotic use in the community including outpatient care among patients, caregivers and prescribers. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Google Scholar and one Chinese database CNKI (China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database), using a combination of the key terms ‘antibiotic’, ‘antimicrobial’, ‘use’, ‘consumption’, ‘behaviour’, ‘prescribe’ and related syntax for all peer-reviewed publications published before June 2020. Health Belief Model was employed for data synthesis.

Findings

Fifty-four studies were included in the full-text review: 44 quantitative, 5 qualitative and 5 mixed-methods studies. Despite a high AMR awareness, public perception/misconception of antibiotic efficacy and easy access to antibiotics for self-limiting conditions drive inappropriate demand and use in the community including primary care setting. Providers’ prescribing behaviours are influenced by financial incentives, lack of diagnostic capacity and concerns over complications.

Conclusions

Inappropriate outpatient and community antibiotic use is influenced by non-biomedical factors at the individual, community, health system and societal levels in mainland China, contributing to a high antibiotic use rate. This study calls for context-tailored One Health interventions, restrictive antibiotic drug policy and multifaceted antibiotic stewardship programmes that simultaneously address drivers of inappropriate use from both the supply-side and demand-side within and beyond clinical settings.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019139591.
Antithrombotic therapy and the risk of new-onset dementia in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wong Chun Ka , Huang Duo , Zhou Mi , Hai JoJo , Yue Wen Sheng , Li Wen-hua , Yin Li-Xue , Zuo Ming-Liang , Feng Ying Qing , Tan Ning , Chen Ji Yan , Kwan Joseph , Siu Chung Wah
Published: November 2020

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Little is known about the relationship of antithrombotic therapy and the risk of dementia in patients with AF without clinical stroke.

Method

This was an observational study based on a hospital AF registry. Patients aged 65–85 years at the time of AF diagnosis were identified via the computerised database of the clinical management system. Patients with prior stroke or known cognitive dysfunction were excluded. The primary outcome was newly diagnosed dementia during the follow-up period.

Results

3284 patients (mean age 76.4±5.3 years, 51.6% male) were included for analysis. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.94±1.44. 18.5% patients were prescribed warfarin, 39.8% were prescribed aspirin and 41.7% were prescribed no antithrombotic therapy. After a mean follow-up of 3.6 years, 71 patients (2.2%) developed dementia, giving rise to an incidence of 0.61%/year. The incidence of dementia were 1.04%/year, 0.69%/year and 0.14%/year for patients on no therapy, aspirin and warfarin, respectively. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that age ≥75 years, female gender and high CHA2DS2-VASc score were associated with significantly higher risk of dementia; warfarin use was associated with significantly lower risk of dementia (HR: 0.14%, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.36, p<0.001). Patients on warfarin with time in therapeutic range (TTR) ≥65% had a non-significant trend towards a lower risk of dementia compared with those with TTR <65%.

Conclusion

In elderly AF patients, warfarin therapy was associated with a significantly lower risk of new-onset dementia compared those with no therapy or aspirin.
Effects of the Mediterranean diet adherence on body composition, blood parameters and quality of life in adults
Authors: Kalkuz Seyma , Demircan Ayça
Published: November 2020

Background

It has been reported that Mediterranean diet (MD) may improve quality of life and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), some neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to determine adults’ adherence to the MD and evaluate the effect of the adherence to the MD on anthropometric measurements, specific biochemical parameters and quality of life.

Methods

A total of 142 volunteer adults were included. Food frequency questionnaire, MD adherence with 14-item scale, quality of life, anthropometric measurements via bioelectrical impedance analysis and certain blood parameters were evaluated.

Results

Out of 14 points, the mean MD adherence score of the participants was 6.89. The mean fat mass was significantly higher in those with low MD adherence (p=0.024). The results of other anthropometric measurements (except height) were higher in those with low MD adherence, though results were non-significant. The participants with high adherence to the MD had lower levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p=0.041), insulin (p=0.019) and triglyceride (TG) (p=0.012) compared with those with lower adherence. No significant relationship was found between the MD and quality of life and other blood parameters.

Conclusion

According to our study, MD adherence was associated with decreased fat mass, FBG, insulin and TG levels which suggests that the MD may be useful in the treatment of some chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and CVD. However, more clinical trials may be performed to determine the relationship between MD and chronic diseases.
Transforming conflict over natural resources: a socio-ecological systems analysis of agricultural drainage
Authors: Minnes Sarah , Gaspard Valencia , Loring Philip A. , Baulch Helen , Breen Sarah-Patricia
Published: November 2020

Agricultural drainage is a complicated and often conflict-ridden natural resource management issue, impacting contested ecosystem services related to the retention of wetlands as well as the productivity of farmland. This research identifies opportunities to transform the conflict over agricultural drainage in Saskatchewan, Canada, towards collaboration. We report on ethnographic research informed by a conservation conflict-transformation framework to evaluate the nature of the conflict and whether drivers of the conflict operate principally at the level of disputes over discrete ecosystem services or if they reach deeper into local social circumstances and build on larger unresolved conflict(s) among groups in the region. In addition to the conflict-transformation framework, we apply the Social–Ecological Systems Framework to elicit details regarding the substantive, relational, and material dimensions of this conflict. Our research suggests that processes for governing natural resources, such as those in place for governing drainage in Saskatchewan, need to have mechanisms to facilitate relationship building and shared understandings, need to be adaptable to people’s changing needs and concerns, and should focus on inclusivity and empowerment of actors to address conflict.
Generating links that are both quasi-alternating and almost alternating
Authors: Abchir Hamid , Sabak Mohammed
Published: November 2020

We construct an infinite family of links which are both almost alternating and quasi-alternating from a given either almost alternating diagram representing a quasi-alternating link, or connected and reduced alternating tangle diagram. To do that we use what we call a dealternator extension which consists in replacing the dealternator by a rational tangle extending it. We note that all non-alternating and quasi-alternating Montesinos links can be obtained in that way. We check that all the obtained quasi-alternating links satisfy Conjecture 3.1 of Qazaqzeh et al. (JKTR 22 (6), 2013), that is the crossing number of a quasi-alternating link is less than or equal to its determinant. We also prove that the converse of Theorem 3.3 of Qazaqzeh et al. (JKTR 24 (1), 2015) is false.
Novel chlorophyll a derivatives with ester-linked galactose fragments for photodynamic therapy and fluorescence diagnostics of cancer
Authors: Mal’shakova Marina V. , Velegzhaninov Ilya O. , Rasova Elena E. , Belykh Dmitry V.
Published: November 2020

In the present work, a number of chlorophyll [Formula: see text] derivatives were synthetized with galactose fragments with an ester bond between macrocycle and carbohydrate fragments. It showed that synthesized compounds fluoresce intensely inside HeLa cells, which enable these compounds to be considered as potential diagnostic agents and indicates their ability to remain in the cell in an unassociated photoactive state — a necessary condition for the realization of a photodynamic action. It was determined that while all conjugates had comparable photoinduced toxicities, the conjugate with phorbin macrocycle fragment had a much lower dark toxicity, which corresponds to the trends noted earlier. In terms of a therapeutic window, conjugate significantly exceeds similar derivatives of chlorin [Formula: see text] and is the most promising for further research.
Graphene-Wrapped FeOOH Nanorods with Enhanced Performance as Lithium-Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Sun Meng , Cui Zhipeng , Liu Huanqing , Li Sijie , Zhang Qingye , Sheng Xiaoli , Wang Yiqian
Published: November 2020

FeOOH nanorods (NRs) wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were fabricated using a facile solvothermal method. When used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the FeOOH NRs/rGO composites show a higher capacity (490[Formula: see text]mAh g[Formula: see text] after 100 cycles at a current density of 100[Formula: see text]mA g[Formula: see text] and better rate capability than pure FeOOH NRs. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the hybrid structure of FeOOH and rGO. On one hand, the introduction of rGO can improve electronic conductivity and reduce charge-transfer resistance for electrode materials. On the other hand, the distinctive structure (FeOOH NRs surrounded by flexible rGO) can effectively buffer large volume change during the Li[Formula: see text] insertion/extraction process. Our work provides a feasible strategy to obtain high-performance LIBs.
Stabilizing Stablecoins: Proposal for a Pragmatic Regulatory Approach
Authors: Somoza Luciano , Terracciano Tammaro
Published: November 2020

We propose a framework for regulating stablecoins as a new asset class. We define stablecoins as those digital currencies which are centrally managed and backed by other assets. We compare stablecoins and ETFs under the principle that similar risks should be treated in a similar fashion. Hence, we argue that locking stablecoins into an ETF-like structure, along with restrictions on the basket composition, would significantly reduce the regulatory concerns. Stablecoin providers would be functionally similar to ETF sponsors, and stablecoins would be a new vehicle for traditional fiat currencies. Finally, we address common macroeconomic concerns in light of our proposed framework.