bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nivel de Conocimiento Sobre Cuidados Paliativos del Personal de Enfermería en un Hospital de Segundo Nivel
Authors: Montero Carolina Jazmín Uranga , Gonzales Elizabeth Ruiz , Vega Gabriela Palomé
Published: March 2023

Introducción: Los cuidados paliativos son intervenciones del equipo de salud, aumentan calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedades graves o mortales, previniendo y aliviando el dolor físico, psicológico y espiritual. El perfil del personal de enfermería resulta idóneo para desarrollar estas intervenciones. Objetivo: Identificar nivel de conocimiento del personal de Enfermería del Hospital General de Querétaro de la Secretaría de Salud del Estado sobre el cuidado paliativo. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional y transversal en hospital de segundo nivel, muestra de 20 participantes del personal de enfermería del servicio de medicina interna, turnos matutino y vespertino. Se aplicó el cuestionario “Palliative Care Quiz For Nursing”, datos fueron procesados mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial, se aplicó la prueba estadística U de Mann Whitney para buscar relación entre las variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: La media de la edad fue de 32.3 años, predomina el sexo femenino (85%) y el 65% de los participantes cuentan con estudios de licenciatura. El nivel de conocimiento es insuficiente (inferior a 14 puntos), debido a que 95% de los resultados de los cuestionarios se agrupan en este nivel. El 5% representa a los cuestionarios que obtuvieron una calificación de 15 a 17 puntos. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento del personal de enfermería resulta deficiente, para mejorar esta situación es necesario aplicar intervenciones educativas con el personal de enfermería en materia de cuidados paliativos durante el proceso de educación, así como durante la práctica profesional, para de esta manera brindad cuidados enfermeros de calidad.
Advances in machine vision technologies for the measurement of soil texture, structure and topography
Authors:   AgroParisTech Paris Saclay University, France, Gilliot Jean-Marc , Sauzet Ophélie ,   University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, The Geneva Institute of Technology, Architecture and Landscape (HEPIA), Soils and Substrates Group, Institute Land-Nature- Environment (inTNE Institute), Switzerland
Published: March 2023

This chapter examines advances in machine vision technologies for the measurement of soil texture, structure and topography. It starts by providing an overview of the basic principles of machine vision technologies, focusing on areas such as 3D surface modelling and various methods of soil thin section microscopy. Two case studies are also provided in the chapter to support the main text discussion.
La poética del territorio de Chonon Bensho
Authors: Favaron Pedro , Haya de la Torre José Agustín
Published: March 2023

El presente artículo trata de entender la poesía de la artista y poeta shipibo-konibo Chonon Bensho (Comunidad Nativa Santa Clara de Yarinacocha, Región Ucayali, Perú, 1992), primero, en relación con las problemáticas que surgen en torno a las desigualdades que establece el pensamiento hegemónico de la modernidad en torno a la valoración de la oralidad y escritura. A partir de esa problemática, y de los intentos de superarla, se analizan las aspiraciones y resignificaciones de la apuesta poética de Chonon en el contexto más amplio de la irrupción de poetas, artistas y pensadores indígenas en el espacio público nacional y en las instituciones académicas-artísticas. Luego de esas reflexiones contextuales, se interpretará la epistemología visionaria y la ontología multinaturalista de la poesía de Chonon y su relación con el territorio ancestral, para al final, a manera de conclusión, la posibilidad de esta propuesta poética para interpelar a una civilización atravesada por las preocupaciones ecológicas y las consecuencias negativas de sus prácticas ecocidas.
Empirical study of the effect of the air filter on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine
Authors: Dziubak Tadeusz , Karczewski Mirosław , Dziobek Ilona
Published: March 2023

The results of an experimental study of the effect of the pressure drop of the air filter pf on the operat-ing parameters and exhaust emissions of a modern CI internal combustion engine of a truck equipped with an electronically controlled power system are presented. The tests were carried out for an air filter with a clean filter cartridge Δpf0 = 0,58 kPa and with a cartridge contaminated after a service mileage (about 50 thousand km) ΔpfD = 2,024 kPa. In each test, engine performance, exhaust emissions and relative change in emissions were determined: CO, NOx, HC, CO2, H2O. It was found that an increase in the filter resistance pf causes a decrease in the filling degree by 12%, engine useful power by almost 10%, exhaust gas temperature by a maximum of 30oC and an increase in specific fuel consumption by almost 5%. Air filter resistance has no significant effect on NOx emissions and HC concentration. There is a reduction in H2O emissions by up to 7%, CO by up to 13% and CO2 by up to 4%, and an increase in oxygen emissions by 15%, depending on operating conditions.
Du hast die Daten schön! : Publikations-und Projektlisten aus DSpace-CRIS in Typo3
Authors: Rumpf Louise
Published: March 2023

Eine schön formatierte Liste der eigenen Publikationen darf auf keiner Lehrstuhlwebsite fehlen - soweit sind sich wahrscheinlich alle Wissenschaftler*innen einig. Wenig Einigkeit besteht allerdings bei der Frage, was "schön formatiert" bedeutet. An der Universität Bamberg wird deshalb Citation Style Language verwendet, um aus dem Forschungsinformationssystem (DSpace-CRIS) Literaturlisten in über 9.500 verschiedenen Zitationsstilen erstellen zu können. Mithilfe eines Typo3-Plugins können diese Literaturlisten ebenso wie Projektlisten automatisiert aus dem Forschungsinformationssystem auf die universitären Webseiten übernommen werden.
The Implications of The Modern Electronic Payment Methods on Reducing Banking Transactions Costs from the Perspective of Sudanese Banks clients
Authors: محمد كرار محمد حسن
Published: March 2023

Technological development plays an important role in life today, and its effects extend to economic, social and political aspects. Among the most prominent contributions of this development is technological progress in the field of commerce and electronic payment methods; The banking sector testify a great development in the field of banking services, as this allowed the audience of dealers to conduct purchase and sale operations using modern electronic payment methods. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the impact of modern electronic payment methods on reducing banking transaction costs from the perspective of Sudanese bank clients. Among the most critical findings; Electronic payment methods help strengthen the trend towards e-government by providing the infrastructure for electronic collection. The mobile banking service is considered a good service to contribute to providing financial inclusion, and telecommunications companies have a pivotal and essential role in providing these services. Also, most Sudanese commercial banks provide traditional banking services and don’t offer innovative and attractive banking products to customers.
Peningkatan Fungsi Pengawasan oleh Majelis Pengawasan Notaris Dalam Pencegahan Pelanggaran Kewenangan Dan Tugas Jabatan Notaris
Authors: Lestari Nanda Ayu
Published: March 2023

This research was conducted to examine the arrangement of notary supervision carried out by the Notary Supervisory Board (MPD) in the Indonesian legal system. In its journey, notary supervision arrangements have increased, both in terms of the authority of MPD and the implementation procedures which are accommodated in Ministry of Law and Human Rights Regulation (Permenkumham) No. 15/2020. The formulation of the problem raised in this study includes the background and urgency of increasing notary supervision by the Notary Supervisory Board? and how are the inspection procedures for the Supervisory Board regulated and used in supervising Notaries? This is a normative legal research which is descriptive analytical with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the study concluded that first, the foundation and urgency for the birth of an increase in notary supervision by the Notary Supervisory Board can be seen through Permenkumham No. 15/2020. This regulation is more influenced by sociological factors because of the need to increase the capacity of the MPD in the midst of increasingly complex problems of violations by Notaries. Second, an increase in oversight procedures can be seen by adding an element of reference for inspection by the MPD to clarify the source of the budget for implementing Permenkumham No. 15/2020. In realizing this supervision, of course, it needs to be supported by socialization activities to the fulfillment of adequate facilities and infrastructure.
Konsekuensi Yuridis Penyalahgunaan Keadaan Dalam Akta Pengikatan Jual Beli Hak Atas Tanah
Authors: Wulandari Aprilia
Published: March 2023

The mutual consent between the parties is an important condition in an agreement. However, in practice the said consent is not always given freely. There are several agreements made on the basis of coercion, threats, or ignorance of the parties, this results in the agreement being made indicating a defect of will. Defects in the agreement can occur due to elements of dwang, dwaling, bedrog or due to misuse of circumstances. An agreement in which there is an element of misuse of circumstances can potentially be sued in court when one of the parties files a lawsuit in court. This study uses normative research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Legal materials obtained through case studies in court decisions and analyzed by legal interpretation methods. Based on the results of the research and discussion conducted, it was concluded that the abuse of circumstances in the agreement is included in the agreement which is flawed in will. Where the agreement is made in a state where one party is in a strong position to be able to suppress the weak party so that the position becomes unbalanced and can cause losses.
A Proposed Experimental Scheme for the Generation of Tunable THz Spectral at Narrow Bandwidth via Two Color Laser Induced-Plasma
Authors: Ojo Moses Eshovo
Published: March 2023

Modifiable THz spectral shapes are important tools that facilitate the comprehensive study of phonon dynamics in condensed matter systems. The generation of narrow bandwidth THz spectra with tunable center frequency which are suitable THz forms needed to achieve such objectives are currently less studied from the table top laser-induced plasma emitters’ perspective. This experimental research is aimed at developing a robust two-color laser induced plasma set-up comprising of a temporal pulse stretcher and an Optical Parametric Amplifier that generates chirped and wavelength tunable pulses respectively. By focusing and independently controlling the ω and 2ω arms of the chirped pulses resulting after the interaction with a β-BBO crystal, I aim to generate narrow bandwidth THz signal (from plasma) scalable at MV/cm intensity and tunable in a wide THz spectral range, in addition to varying the frequency ratio mix.
A blind spot in undergraduate mathematics: The circular definition of the length of the circle, and how it can be turned into an enlightening example
Authors: Vernitski Alexei
Published: March 2023

We highlight the fact that in undergraduate calculus, the number pi is defined via the length of the circle, the length of the circle is defined as a certain value of an inverse trigonometric function, and this value is defined via pi, thus forming a circular definition. We present a way in which this error can be rectified. We explain that this error is instructive and can be used as an enlightening topic for discussing different approaches to mathematics with undergraduate students.
Computer Science Students’ Perspectives on the Study of Mathematics
Authors: Mac an Bhaird Ciarán , Mulligan Peter , O'Malley James , O'Neill Rachel
Published: March 2023

In 2019, the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Maynooth University commenced a project which sought to address, through the provision of mathematics learning supports, the issues of poor engagement and retention of computer science students studying mathematics. In this paper, we present preliminary engagement and performance data along with interviews conducted with eight students. We discuss how the quantitative data seemed to indicate that computer science students were engaging at similar levels to their peers, but several factors, including the quality of this engagement and their mathematical backgrounds may explain their poor exam performance. It also emerged that, while students were largely negative about their experiences in large lectures and their awareness of the relevance of mathematics to computer science, they were generally positive about smaller teaching situations such as tutorials, mathematics support drop-in and opportunities to work with their peers.
An Evaluation of a Summer Mathematics Bridging Course for Mature Students
Authors: Mac an Bhaird Ciarán , Mulligan Peter , O'Malley James , O'Neill Rachel , Sheerin Emer
Published: March 2023

Each summer, the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Maynooth University delivers a three-week bridging course for mature student applicants. This course serves a dual purpose. First, it acts as a refresher of fundamental mathematical skills, and second, for some, the summative assessments form part of the screening process to determine if their mathematics is of a sufficient level to make the move to higher education. This paper describes the results of student feedback on this course obtained through an online survey of past participants. Respondents indicate that not only is this course effective for building mathematical fluency and confidence, but that they also benefit from gaining a familiarity of the campus as well as making friends with their peers.
Gathering and Compiling Mathematical Common Student Errors in e-Assessment Questions with Taxonomical Classification
Authors: Sikurajapathi Indunil , Henderson Karen , Gwynllyw Rhys
Published: March 2023

This article gives an overview of the interactive book called ‘Collection of Taxonomically Classified Mathematical Common Student Errors in e-Assessments (CSE Book)’ which has been produced as a result of the Common Student Errors Project (CSE Project) set at the University of the West of England, (UWE Bristol).  The process of creating this CSE Book is discussed in this article, namely, through the systematic collection and compilation of CSEs, and classification of them taxonomically according to a taxonomy presented in existing literature by examining first year Engineering Mathematics students’ rough answer scripts, and e-Assessment-stored data. We believe that the CSEs presented in the CSE book would be useful for mathematics teachers when providing feedback to students to correct CSEs.  Further, institutions can utilise it in the future development of teaching and support resources to ensure that these CSEs will be addressed to help students to acquire better understanding of mathematics. Moreover, mathematics learners can try these questions online by using the respective hyperlinks given in the CSE Book. If any of the identified CSEs are entered in the solution, then enhanced feedback is provided to correct their misconceptions instantly. Currently, the CSE Book is freely available at UWE Bristol’s Repository.
The sigma Accessibility Special Interest Group: Resources Update
Authors: Hand Ruth , Mac an Bhaird Ciarán , Mulligan Peter , O'Malley James , O'Neill Rachel
Published: March 2023

This article contains a short update on the work of the sigma Accessibility Special Interest Group. We announce the release of resources to assist mathematics tutors and coordinators with the support of mature students and those with dyslexia, dyscalculia and dyspraxia.  We provide a brief background to the development of these resources and describe their pilot in two institutions, one in England and the other in Ireland. We close with a description of the next stages of work for the special interest group and a call for additional people to get involved.
“It’s so unfair” – Can we increase student perceptions of equity in the grading of group assessments by allowing them to declare a distribution of workload?
Authors: Shaw Laurence Matthew
Published: March 2023

One of the most common complaints from students about taking part in group work is that the efforts of those who make the largest contribution are not rewarded fairly. One possible way to combat this is to allow students to agree on and declare a contribution split when submitting group projects, in the knowledge that their grades will be adjusted accordingly. We consider the results of a survey among students who have experienced group work graded both under this format and the standard “everyone in the group gets the same grade” approach. Quantitative analysis reveals that, in general, students may prefer the declaration of workload split approach. However, a closer analysis of free-text comments showed that feelings are often more nuanced than positive or negative. Students with social anxieties seem to be particularly conflicted by this method of assessment, with many reporting feelings of appreciation at the perception that their work is rewarded more fairly, concurrent with heightened stress and anxiety at the idea of approaching the conversation around workload split with their peers.
Financiarización de la vivienda para alquiler y la precarización de las familias de bajos ingresos en Medellín (Colombia)
Authors: Muñoz Elkin , López Martínez Alexandra , Ruíz Arias Miriam
Published: March 2023

La financiarización es una de las características actuales de la globalización y se ha manifestado fuertemente en la vivienda, haciendo que no sea un derecho fundamental sino un servicio por el que las familias de menores ingresos se deben endeudar. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la financiarización de la vivienda en Medellín a través del alquiler y sus consecuencias para las familias de bajos ingresos. Utilizamos una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis de información secundaria sobre arriendos, ingresos y pobreza, junto con su espacialización en la ciudad; además, hicimos una comparación con Cali (Colombia). Concluimos que mientras en países desarrollados esta financiarización se da a través de los Fondos de Inversión Inmobiliarios, en Colombia, particularmente en Medellín, la financiarización de la vivienda a través del alquiler se manifiesta cuando familias con excedentes de capital compran Viviendas de Interés Social, impulsadas por el Estado, y las arriendan a familias de menores ingresos: las destinatarias originales de estas políticas.
The Optimum Cluster Interference Percentage in Multi-Stage Fractured Wells
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Farid
Published: March 2023

In a number of shale formations, including the Bakken and Barnet shales, cluster spacing was fixed to 700 feet. In Eagle Ford and DJ Basin, tight cluster spacing was used for cluster spacing of up to 15 feet. This study presents an combined workflow to calculate the percent of interference and its effect on the well performance in addition estimate the acceptable interference percentage that provides the highest well profitability.

Analytical rate transient analysis (RTA) and reservoir numerical simulation were coupled to calculate the ratio of the effective fracture surface area (ACe) for hydrocarbon production to the actual stimulated fracture area (ACa) from the numerical simulation. The percentage of interference was calculated by (1-ACe/ACa). The discounted cash flow analysis was combined to the integrated workflow to estimate the acceptable percentage of interference and the optimum spacing depending on the well's profitability.

This study presents an integrated workflow for quantifying the percentage of cluster interference as a function of spacing. The workflow was integrated with an economic model to estimate the acceptable interference percent in order to maximize the NPV. The higher the stage number and tighter cluster spacing, the higher the cluster interference will be. The acceptable interference percent is a function of formation properties and economic parameters. The acceptable interference percent was found to be 16% in the case of 0.0001md, 2.5$/Mscf. Increasing the formation permeability increases the acceptable interference percent to accelerate production and increase the recovery. As the higher gas price or lower interest rate, tighter spacing is recommended, where, at 8$/Mscf, the NPV was continuously increasing up to the lowest spacing in this study of 20 ft.
Integrating Petrophysical and Geochemical Measurements of Drill Cuttings for Enhanced Formation Evaluation
Authors: Kesserwan Hasan , Jin Guodong , Ma Shouxiang , Alofi Saleh
Published: March 2023

With mud returns, solid cuttings are a by-product of drilling a well. They however provide great opportunities to exam subsurface formations directly. Conventionally, cuttings are mainly used for geological, lithological, mineralogical, and elemental studies of formations penetrated. This paper presents an integrated study of measuring porosity from drill cuttings and integrating cutting porosity with geochemical measurements for enhanced formation evaluation.

In this study, a workflow was developed to conduct formation evaluation through integration of porosity, mineralogy and elemental analysis from drill cuttings. Porosity is determined from measured solid volume using helium gas expansion and pore volume from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement. Mineralogical and elemental compositions are determined from X-ray diffraction and fluorescence analyses. All measurements are integrated to extract their relationships among the parameters for enhanced petrophysical evaluation.

Results indicated that there exists a correlation between porosity and elemental composition for the formation studied. Cuttings from different zones have relatively different porosity values, which are consistently associated with the occurrence of certain minerals. The upper and lower bounds of the high porosity zone are observed to be closely related to the ratios of mineral concentrations including calcite, dolomite, anhydrite, quartz, and clays. High clay and low anhydrite contents marked the upper boundary, which also corresponds to a rapid decrease in the ratio of anhydrite to calcite and the increase in the ratio of calcite to dolomite. The lower boundary is marked by the sudden increase in the ratios of dolomite to calcite and anhydrite to calcite. Findings from this study clearly demonstrates the value of integration of petrophysical and geochemical properties measured from cuttings for enhanced formation evaluation.
Case Study: People Development and Rapid Organization Building During Challenging External Environment
Authors: Gupta Robin
Published: March 2023

This paper highlights the successful building of the Subsurface/Modeling Division (SMD) within the ExxonMobil Bengaluru Technology Center (EMBTC) over the last three years in overcoming challenges resulting from a combination of: 1) rapid growth since its inception in 2017; 2) the global pandemic; 3) a young organization with majority staff with limited oil and gas industry experience.

This paper describes the strategies and initiatives adopted to overcome these challenges within the following framework: leadership commitment, people development, capability development, organizational culture and processes. A strong and consistent leadership commitment played a vital role in growing SMD through challenging external environment. On people development standpoint, significant gains were realized through initiatives like "sessions with expert"- a focused, short duration session with company experts, "communication workshops" to improve communication skills, "Innovation Hub" to promote idea generation, focused "mentoring sessions" and a structured program for onboarding new-hires. During the early years, teams were embedded within global teams to ensure smooth knowledge transfer and capability development; strategic areas were identified to develop into potential Centers of Excellence in the future. Experienced technical and managerial staff were impatriated from global teams into the EMBTC Subsurface/Modeling divisions with a clear mandate to increase technical competency, business acumen and leadership skills while onboarding staff onto company culture and assist with capability development. Concurrently, global ExxonMobil subject matter experts (SMEs) were engaged on periodic basis. Experience gaps in teams were addressed through selective external hiring. Sustained engagement with staff was ensured through periodic surveys, informal chats and town halls through the pandemic period and continues to this day. The results of all these efforts has culminated in the EMBTC Subsurface/Modeling division successfully growing at a rapid pace to build a workforce that has developed strong capabilities and work culture while demonstrating its potential to generate significant business value for EM.
Sulfate Ion Removal from Seawater for Hydraulic Fracturing by Barium Sulfate Precipitation
Authors: Hou Jian , AlGhunaimi Fahd , Han Ming , Aljuryyed Norah
Published: March 2023

To face the worldwide shortage of fresh water resources and the increase demand of oil and gas, researchers have devoted to study on application of seawater as a base fluid for hydraulic fracturing. One of the primary challenges for seawater fracturing application is the scale precipitation tendency due to the incompatibility of high sulfate concentration with high calcium, barium or strontium concentration in formation water, which will lead to overall reduction in production capacity. This work aims to develop a chemical precipitation method, which is a low cost way to remove sulfate before injection to solve the scale problem.

Barium chloride dihydrate was used to precipitate sulfate from seawater for hydraulic fracturing. The chemical dosage, working temperature and precipitation time were optimized. The sulfate concentration in treated water was determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The sedimentation speed to separate treated water and precipitates at different precipitation time was measured using an optical particle stability analyzer. The obtained precipitates were dried at 60?C, and the morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction method (XRD).

Experimental results showed the barium chloride dihydrate can reduce the sulfate concentration in seawater from more than 4,000 ppm to less than 200 ppm when the dosage barium is higher than 5,500 ppm. The reaction efficiency is not altered in the temperature range from 15ºC to 45ºC. It turned out the treated seawater could meet the requirement for hydraulic fracturing application. As to the separation of water and precipitates using sedimentation method, it showed the highest speed appeared when precipitation time was 5 mins. And the addition of flocculants cannot improve the sedimentation speed. In addition, SEM results showed the size of obtained precipitates was in nanometer range. Besides, XRD confirmed the composition of precipitates were barium sulfate with purity >90%. The characterization results demonstrated the precipitates could be used as additives in drilling fluid, which will greatly reduce the operation cost.

The work has revealed that barium sulfate precipitation method is promising to remove sulfate in seawater for hydraulic fracturing. Besides, the obtained barium sulfate is a commercially valuable product used in drilling fluid. Comparing to nanofiltration methods, this method is low cost and has no energy input requirement, which is suitable for a low carbon economy.
Sustainable Ion-Exchange Resins for Produced Water Treatment
Authors: Baltaeva Madina , Orlov Maxim , Cha Dong Kyu , Ayirala Subhash
Published: March 2023

Produced water is by far the largest by product by volume associated with oil and gas production. To minimize environmental impact of the produced water disposal, reuse produced water, and fulfill the targeted Zero-Liquid-Discharge approach, it is necessary to develop new economically viable technologies for water purification. The objectives of the research enclose development of the sustainable ion-exchange resin from the discarded expanded polystyrene via a multi-stage process with plasma treatment.

The process of sustainable ion-exchange resins’ preparation includes several consecutive steps. At first, a polystyrene waste is collected and dissolved in an organic solvent.After that the polymeric beads are prepared using a microdroplet precipitation mechanism. Then, one part of the polystyrene beads is modified with the green gas-liquid interfacial plasma (GLIP) sulfonation process producing a strong acidic cation exchange resin. The other part is functionalized by amine groups in cyclopropylamine medium producing strong basic anion exchange resin.

Robust and self-sustained process for creating the polystyrene beads was developedusing the «solvent-non-solvent» system. The bead formation process is realized by a controlled, laminar liquid jet broken into equally sized beads by vibrations at optimized frequency value. This process was performed using the in-house state-of-the-art encapsulator instrument. The concentration of waste expanded polystyrene and a filler in a solution was optimized. The size of obtained porous beads was measure around 750-1000 micron and can be controlled by the nozzle size and frequency of vibration.

The research describes a new method of sustainable ion-exchange resin creation. The utilization of this novel material is a beneficial approach to re-use plastic waste and reuse it to clean produced water from dissolved salts. Moreover, plasma technology that is used for polystyrene treatment is probably the most versatile surface treatment technique and, moreover, it is environmentally friendly.
Salvaging Restricted Entry Unconventional Lateral Sections Through the Utilization of Multi Stage Diversion Frac
Authors: Zakary Maram , Alowaid Abdulrahman , Baki Sohrat , Alowaid Abdulaziz
Published: March 2023

The objective of the paper is to introduce a design procedure aimed at targeting the stimulation of unconventional lateral sections that are inaccessible using the conventional plug-and-perf (PnP) method. This salvaging process utilizes the diversion frac technique allowing for the stimulation of challenging lateral sections with minimum well intervention. Consequently, improve stimulation efficiency and minimize intervention costs. When a certain section of the lateral cannot be accessed while running in hole performing PnP operations, an immediate investigation procedure is carried out to determine whether that was due to an equipment failure or a deformed section of the wellbore. If the passage of PnP BHA cannot be rectified, the diversion frac technique presents an ideal solution to stimulate the challenging section salvaging valuable lateral footage. The design for a successful diversion frac is based on multiple variables including the length of the attended lateral section, number of perforating clusters, cluster efficiency, diverter selection and frac design. The restricted section is entirely perforated to minimize the number of well intervention post frac stages. During the stimulation phase, fluid diverters are then pumped to divert fluid flow from clusters taking fluid to the next. Hence, an upward trend in frac treating pressure is noticed with more diverters pumped indicating fluid diversion from existing perforations to new ones. The implementation of the diversion frac technique resulted in salvaging in excess of 1,300 ft of lateral footage per restricted well. Additionally, it is now serving as a salvaging option if restricted sections were encountered in future wells. This process was performed successfully on multiple unconventional wells in Saudi Arabia. Evaluation of this approach was conducted simultaneously with field implementation and hence, modified to reach the optimum design accounting for cluster efficiency, frac design and diverters selection.
Automating Industrial Training Development Using Text to Speech
Authors: Tharayil Sarafudheen , Abo Shal Mazen
Published: March 2023

Developing industrial training material for an oil and gas company is challenging, as many of the specialized skills will be confidential and training needs to be tailored based on the characteristics of the operations. So, oil and gas companies spend huge amounts on developing customized training materials. During the training development, recording training material is one of the most challenging tasks. This solution will provide a platform, which will automate the conversion of texts to audio and integrate with industrial online courses to generate natural soundtracks utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning technology, especially with the advancement of Natural Language Processing (NLP). The automated mechanism of speech synthesis helped the training developers to speed up preparing training materials, reduce the human mistakes, and standardize the training modules. Results showed no major differences in learning outcomes and naturality between the actual recording and machine recordings – allowing automation and simulating a realistic user experience.
Enabling Reliable Stimulation of Multiple Perforated Intervals in a Thick Laminated Reservoir: Lessons Learnt in Successful Sequenced Fracturing Evaluation
Authors: Asif Adnan , Khan Abdul Muqtadir , Alaqeel Abdulaziz , Kayumov Rifat
Published: March 2023

Near-wellbore fracture diversion is a common means of achieving uniform stimulation in long wellbores through heterogeneous reservoirs. A novel sequenced fracturing technique using self-degradable, nondamaging, multimodal particulate pills was deployed for the first time in a clastic rock formation in the Middle East. Application of an advanced design and evaluation workflow to stimulate two perforated intervals in a single continuous pumping operation is presented.

Sequenced fracturing with two-step diversion was combined with channel fracturing to increase the chance of successful placement and reduce the inherent risk of screenout. Two proppant ramps were pumped, separated by a diverter pill composed of a multimodal particulate blend and fibers. The size distribution and volume of particles were optimized to create a low-permeability plug in the entry of the primary fracture. The pills were designed so that large particles would intercept the fracture entrance and smaller ones would reduce the permeability of the formed plug, while the fibers would help to maintain the plug integrity both during pumping and once it formed in the near wellbore region.

Diversion was confirmed by a pressure increase of 800 psi during the placement of the pill, followed by a new breakdown signature and a treating pressure increase of 500 psi at the same pumping rate. The diversion design was optimized based on the temperature log before fracturing to evaluate the preferential fracture geometry. The evaluation was conducted with a nonradioactive traceable proppant that was pumped in the second proppant ramp to assess the proppant placement using a neutron log. Consequently, a production log was conducted followed by pressure diagnostics. Since the diagnostic results indicated some ambiguity, for a way forward in the field development, the upper interval was refractured and showed high pressures and early treatment termination. The entire flowback timeline was compared, and the productivity index showed no change before and after refracturing. Therefore, multiple pressure diagnostics, post-fracturing flowback enhancement, and the overall intense evaluation verified proppant placement in both perforated intervals using the sequenced fracturing technique. The technique has the potential to save up to 10 days of completion time, which was calculated to yield approximately 40% time and cost savings.

This paper presents a complex stimulation treatment analysis that can be utilized to apply the lessons learnt in design and evaluating the success of diversion treatments to aid future treatments. This proven technology enhances efficiency and economics, especially in multistage fracturing, where the efficiency could be enhanced by three- to fivefold.
Industrial Training Recommendation Systems
Authors: Veettil Tharayil Sarafudheen , Almass Abdulaziz , Dursun Serkan , Al Mudaifer Danah , Al Qahtani Rahaf
Published: March 2023

Talent management in oil and gas is considered as one of the crucial challenges. The solution requires understanding talents based on training and career development. In this paper, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based solution is conceptualized and implemented using an ensemble machine learning algorithm that provides a recommendation system derived from industrial training history. The developed AI solution combines machine learning algorithms, knowledge from subject matter expert and user profile analysis suggestions. The proposed solution utilizes different machine learning mechanisms such as recommender engines, Natural Language Processing (NLP) and distance measures. The mechanism also gives an end-to- end solution including data ingestion, data processing, model building and visualization with a data consumption layer. Compared to the models available in the academia and industry, we combine the machine learning, NLP text analytics and domain expertise to provide accurate recommendation. The recommendation has unique ensembled models for each industrial area within the corporate.
Using Tracer-Based Technologies for Production Profiling in a Hydraulic Fracture to Optimise the Hydraulic Fracturing Design
Authors: Upadhye Vishwajit , Malyavko Evgeny , Kashapov Denis
Published: March 2023

The tracer-based surveillance technology can be used in hydraulic fractures to perform production profiling surveillance continuously for several years without the need for expensive and operationally risky interventions. The paper deals with the case of placing tracer coated marked proppant with different signatures in each hydraulic fracturing stage. In particular, it dwells on the experience of placing different signatures of tracer coated marked proppant within one port to evaluate the production dynamics of the far and near zones of a hydraulic fracture. The paper also offers methods for optimizing the hydraulic fracturing design to increase the hydraulic fracture production period and the cumulative production.
Corporate Sustainability Culture in Oil and Gas Industry – Enablers and Challenges
Authors: Fryc Alicja , Marshall Brown Caroline
Published: March 2023

The paper shares learnings from building a corporate sustainability culture as an infrastructure for environmental and sustainability programs by identifying enablers and challenges common to the oil and gas organisations which are relatively advanced in their sustainability journey. The study presents conclusions from a survey conveyed within oil and gas industry and presents learnings in the context of the theoretical exploration of the subject of organisational sustainability culture in recent literature.

A closer look at the successes and challenges in developing sustainability and environmental culture within the petroleum industry so far, leads to identification of three main success factors: (1) Strong corporate commitment, visible in practice and genuinely committed leadership; (2) Translating corporate sustainability approach into economic value (such as business development advantage, technological innovation agility, energy savings, cost reduction); (3) Communication of targets and progress towards them and cascading sustainability objectives down to organisational units. The study identifies several prevailing challenges, including: (1) Lack of resources; (2) Lack of leadership or visibility of it and (3) scepticism around either the positive role of oil and gas in climate action or the authenticity of corporate sustainability efforts.

When comparing survey respondents’ experience of the organisational sustainability culture to its theoretical models, it can be concluded that (a) sampled organisations’ programs are most developed in the areas suggesting external drivers, such as legislative and customer requirements or public opinion pressure, (b) sustainability vision, corporate values and their communication are seen as the most culture enabling elements of the theoretical model in practice, and (c) challenges in building a sustainability culture are present in all main elements of the theoretical model, likely indicating that the industry is still gaining the experience and developing its approach and solutions for sustainability.

Conclusions and implications can be utilised by organisations in early stages of designing sustainability and environmental stewardship programs to consider maximizing the identified success factors while mitigating the challenges to build a sustainability culture that enables organisations to respond to environmental and social demands and build organisational resilience.
Efficient Implementation of Reverse Time Migration Seismic Imaging on FPGAs
Authors: Ibrahim Alhussain , Alsultan Abdullah , Elrabaa Muhammad , El-Maleh Aiman , Tonellot Thierry
Published: March 2023

This work presents an alternative computing platform, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), for one of the widely used applications in the oil and gas industry; seismic imaging using reverse time migration (RTM). As with many of the oil and gas applications, RTM involves many computations performed repeatedly over extremely large number of data points. Conventionally, such computations were implemented as a sequence of temoral steps and parallelized using multi-core CPUs or GPUs at various levels of abstractions (task, thread, and instruction-levels). With FPGAs, computations can be parallelized and implemented as spatially separated steps (i.e. the computing fabric can be configured to carry out all the computations, side-bu-side rather than as temoral steps). In this work, we illustrate the spatial computing capabilities of FPGAs using RTM. Two different implementations with different types of optimizations were developed. Performance optimizations and measurements based on experimental test bed are reported.
An Algorithm for Consistent Mechanical Earth Model Parameters Determination: Applications in Wellbore Stability and Hydraulic Fracturing Modeling
Authors: AlBahrani Hussain , Alkhaldi Yara
Published: March 2023

A mechanical earth models (MEM) is a crucial component of any well design process. Because it describes the subterranean formations in-situ stresses and rock mechanical properties, it is the main input into any geomechanics model. This means high impact issues like wellbore instability, drilling induced fractures, and hydraulic fracturing success probability are all directly dependent on the reliability of the provided MEM. Considering that MEM have been historically developed based on empirical correlations and an expert manual interpretations of logging data, intuitively, their accuracy has a large margin for improvement. Specifically, because the determination of the in-situ maximum horizontal stress is based on manual interpretations of caliper or image logs, the result of this interpretation can vary greatly from one user to the other. Therefore, this work aims to improve this process by presenting an automated algorithm that interprets image and caliper logs data and produce a consistent determination of different MEM parameters.

The proposed algorithms utilize both resistivity and ultra-sonic based image logs along with wireline caliper measurements to first quantify areas of enlargements or wash-outs within a wellbore section. The algorithms perform this quantification by reading the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) values of each pixel in the image and then assign a radial measurement to that reading. The generated radial measurements are calibrated using the caliper log data. The end result of this process is radial measurements that describe the wellbore dimensions across the 360° range. These radial measurements are then filtered for enlargements by comparing them to the size of the drill bit that was used to drill the hole section being analyzed. Finally, the output from these algorithms is utilized within a stress polygon to determine the in-situ maximum horizontal stress.

To showcase the value of consistent estimations, MEM produced through the proposed algorithms and an expert manual interpretation are incorporated into geomechanics models. These geomechanics models are intended to issue recommendations regarding wellbore instability while drilling or hydraulic fracturing job design. The comparison between the results of each model are then examined against the outcome of each job in the field. The MEM produced from the algorithms shows higher accuracy when predicting wellbore instabilities and breakdown in hydraulic fracturing job.

In addition to improving the accuracy of different geomechanics models, the novel method presented in this work also creates a pathway to incorporating information from image logs into sophisticated numerical modeling solutions. It is shown that three-dimensional (3D) geometries interpreted these logs can be incorporated into 3D meshes for the purpose numerical modeling of wellbores through methods like the finite element model.