bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of C-MAC and McGrath MAC videolaryngoscopes with Macintosh direct laryngoscope for endotracheal intubation in adult patients undergoing elective surgeries
Authors: Abhyankar Prachi , Sabharwal Nikki , Gupta Anju , Das Akshaya K.
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims:

Videolaryngoscopes have an undisputed role in difficult airway management, but their role in routine intubation scenarios remains underappreciated. McGrath MAC is a lightweight laryngoscope with a disposable blade. It remains to be proven if it performs as efficiently as the reusable videolaryngoscopes like C-MAC and whether it has an advantage over standard Macintosh laryngoscope in predicted normal airways.

Material and Methods:

We recruited 180 adult patients and randomly divided them into three groups for intubation with either Macintosh laryngoscope (Group-A), C-MAC (Group-B), and McGrath (Group-C). The primary objective was to compare the first attempt success rate. Secondary objectives included Cormack-Lehane (CL) grades, laryngoscopy time, intubation time, ease of intubation, need for optimization manoeuver, and the number of passes to place the endotracheal tube.

Results:

The two videolaryngoscopes provided a superior first attempt success rate as compared to Macintosh laryngoscope (P = 0.027). The CL grade-I was 100% in group B, 41.7% in group-A and 90% in group-C (B vs C; P = 0.037). Laryngoscopy time was 9.9 ± 2.5 s, 12.6 ± 0.8 s, and 13.1 ± 0.8 s for groups A, B, and C, respectively (B vs C; P = 0.001). Intubation time was 24.4 ± 12 s, 28.3 ± 1.9 s, and 37.3 ± 5.8 s for groups A, B, and C, respectively (P < 0.0001). The number of tube passes was highest in group C.

Conclusion:

Videolaryngoscopes provided a superior glottic view and resulted in a superior first attempt success rate as compared to Macintosh laryngoscope. When comparing the two videolaryngoscopes, C-MAC resulted in better intubation characteristics (shorter intubation time, better glottic views, and higher first-attempt success rates) and should be preferred over McGrath for intubation in adult patients with normal airways.
Evaluation of drug standards, quality control, and trade in medicinal plants
Authors: Chandra Shailaja , Anantha Narayana Dasalukuntey Bhimarao
Published: September 2023

This article is about the importance of medicinal plants in the manufacture of Ayush formulations or exported as raw drugs. Granting a license to manufacture, conducting quality control tests, and enforcing the legal provisions of the Drugs & Cosmetics (D&C) Act 1940 are the responsibilities of the relevant statutory regulatory bodies. The main stakeholders responsible for ensuring the products' quality, safety, and effectiveness are licensed manufacturers who have to follow the standards prescribed under the statutory regulations. The widespread interest in Ayurvedic drugs and other plant-based products led to this appraisal of the achievements and challenges of the regulatory bodies and those responsible for accelerating the organised cultivation of medicinal plants for domestic use and for export.
The efficacy and safety of Kantakaryavaleha and Eladi Gutika in the management of mild stable bronchial asthma (Tamaka Shwasa)
Authors: Sharma Bhagwan S. , Mahajon Bidhan , Chincholikar Mukesh B. , Rao Bhogavalli C. S. , Srikanth Narayanam
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Although Ayurveda medicine is used to manage bronchial asthma, available evidence relating to its efficacy needs to be generated. To scientifically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ayurveda interventions, Kantakaryavaleha and Eladi Gutika, a multicenter, prospective, single-arm, open-label clinical study on mild stable bronchial asthma (Tamaka Shwasa) will be initiated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

90 patients (45 in each center) with mild stable bronchial asthma will be enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the patients will be treated with Ayurveda medicines, i.e., Kantakaryavaleha 10 g, orally, twice daily with lukewarm water and tablet Eladi Gutika, 1 g thrice daily, orally. The intervention period will be 12 weeks and each participant will be followed up for 2 more weeks post intervention period. The primary outcomes will be measured assessing the change in the Asthma Control Questionnaire and the frequency of need for control medication before and after the trial intervention. The secondary outcomes will be measured by comparing the changes in clinical signs and symptoms of Tamaka Shwasa as per the Ayurveda classical text, changes in forced expiratory volume (FEV1), and biomarkers such as serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and IgE.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

The trial has been registered at the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI); the registration number for this trial is CTRI/2018/06/014425.
An observational study on health-related demography of women and children belonging to scheduled caste population in selected areas of Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala state, India
Authors: Peethambaran Sinimol T. , Meghna Pooleriveettil P. , Gavali Kishore , Ota Sarada , Shahi Vinodkumar , Devarakonda Sudhakar , Srikanth Narayanam , Dhiman Kartar Singh
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

The scheduled caste (SC) population of India, especially women and children, lags behind others in the health scenario and the problem should be addressed with emergency concern.

AIM:

The aim of this article is to describe the health-related demography of women and children of SC population in selected areas of Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala state, India during the year 2019.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The Reproductive and Child Health project team of Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Lifestyle-Related Disorders, Thiruvananthapuram conducted health camps at four village panchayaths (village councils), namely, Maranalloor, Venganoor, Vilappil, Poovachal, and Neyyattinkara municipality of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala through 240 tours during the period January to December 2019 through a door-to-door household survey for collecting the information on socio-economic and health status. Medical aids were also provided to needy individuals.

RESULTS:

A total of 5145 individuals were surveyed, which includes 3662 women and 1483 children. In the survey, 62 disease conditions in women and 25 various disorders in children were diagnosed. The most common clinical manifestation found in women and children was Sandhigatavata (polyarthritis) and Agnimandya (digestive impairment), respectively.

CONCLUSION:

The women and children belonging to SC population in the areas of Thiruvananthapuram district where study was conducted have good health status. However, considering the prevalence of polyarthritis in women and digestive impairment in children, diet and lifestyle related-vigilance needs to be promoted. Ayurveda includes noteworthy guidelines regarding personalized as well as season-based diet and lifestyle. Therefore, increasing vigilance in rural population toward such Ayurveda guidelines along with use of relevant Ayurveda medicines can be a strategy to improve the health status of women and children.

IEC number:

9–19/2012-ARIMCHC/Tvpm/Tech/220
A multicenter clinical trial on the anti-diabetic efficacy and safety profile of Saptavimshatika Guggulu and Haridra Churna in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jain Avinash K. , Sharma Surinder K. , Sahu Dipsundar , Kumawat Vinod B. , Sharma Om R. , Dua Pradeep , Yadav Babita , Khanduri Shruti , Ota Sarada , Bhuyan Gurucharan , Rana Rakesh , Singhal Richa , Gupta Bharti , Padhi Madan M. , Dhiman Kartar S.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Madhumeha (diabetes mellitus [DM]) disease is one of the very few diseases, which has been found in the history and culture of India and across the globe. Since ages, even in the twenty-first century, this disease is a cause of concern to the world due to its morbidity and long-term complications. Traditional medicines are still found to be very useful in the improvement of quality of life (QOL) of the patients with Madhumeha. Ayurvedic formulations are found to be useful in the management of type II DM and in promoting health.

OBJECTIVE:

Saptavimshatika Guggulu (SG) and Haridra Churna (HC) were evaluated to assess their clinical effectiveness in the management of type 2 diabetes. A secondary objective was to assess the changes in the QOL of the patients with type 2 DM and the clinical safety of SG and HC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This multicenter clinical study was critically evaluated to assay the clinical efficacy and safety profile of ayurvedic formulations, SG 500 g two tablets two times after food and HC 3 g with luke-warm water after food two times daily for 12 weeks in 146 participants, diagnosed with NIIDM, enrolled as per the selection criteria.

RESULTS:

The results were of highly significant in the regulation of FBS (BT-167.44 mg/dL, AT-152.83 mg/dL) and PPBS (BT-261.74 mg/dL, AT-240.59 mg/dL). Statistically highly significant result was found in the improvement of Diabetes Symptoms Questionnaire and SF-36 health survey score; no ADR or any complications were noted.

CONCLUSION:

SG and HC used on the subjects of type 2 DM (Madhumeha) are clinically effective, safe, and tolerable.
A prophylactic community-based study to assess the impact of Ayuraksha kit in COVID-19
Authors: Mundada Pallavi Suresh , Makhija Deepa , Sunita Mata , Rao Bhogavalli Chandrasekhar , Tripathi Arunabh , Kachre Kalpana Budhaji , Singhal Richa , Rana Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Adarsh , Srikanth Narayanam
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

The rise in the number of newly reported cases heralds the onset of the third wave of COVID-19 in India, despite the country’s relentless push for COVID-19 vaccination. In such a situation, efforts other than the vaccination, to strengthen the population’s immune system have become critical to keep the overburdened health-care system from being exhausted. Ayuraksha Kit includes four Ayurveda medicines viz., Chyawanprash, Samshamani Vati, Anu Taila and Ayush Kwath choorna. This kit is developed with an aim to enhance the general wellbeing and immunity of apparently healthy individuals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this trial will investigate the impact of the Ayuraksha Kit as an adjunct to standard preventative measures in safeguarding people living in 12 Indian cities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A community-based cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted on 8316 apparently healthy adults. The clusters will be randomly allocated to two groups, intervention and control groups, in a 10:1 ratio. The advice on standard preventive measures along with masks and soaps for hand hygiene will be provided to all the study participants in both groups. Ayuraksha Kit will be given for one month to the 7560 study participants in the intervention group, and the 756 participants in the control group will be only given standard preventive measures. Effect of Ayuraksha Kit on incidence and severity of COVID-19 like symptoms and the psychological distress as an impact of risk of exposure to SARS CoV-2 will be assessed during this study.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:

As this study will be conducted in the areas predominantly resided by people belonging to scheduled castes in Indian cities, this cluster-RCT will determine whether the use of Ayuraksha Kit has a prophylactic potential against the incidence or on the severity of disease.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

CTRI/2022/02/040156 dated 10th February 2022.
Comparative efficacy of ayurveda interventions Shwitrahara Lepa and Avalgujabeejadi Lepa in the Management of Shwitra (Vitiligo)
Authors: Saxena Bhumika , Sowmyashree U. P. , Gopala Krishna G.
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Vitiligo is one of the major skin diseases affecting the normal pigmentation of the skin. It is an auto-immune disorder resulting in skin hypopigmentation due to reduced melanin production. In Ayurveda classical texts, the external application of Shwitrahara Lepa (SHL) and Avalgujabeejadi Lepa (AGL) is indicated for managing vitiligo. Hence, given literary indication, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of SHL and AGL in managing vitiligo.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

An open-label, parallel-group, randomized, controlled clinical study was conducted among 40 participants aged between 21 and 60 diagnosed with vitiligo. The participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Group A was treated by using an external application of SHL with water. Group B received AGL external application with cow urine. The external application of the interventions was done over the lesion once a day following early morning (7:00 a.m.) sunlight exposure for 15 min daily for 45 days. The effect of therapy was assessed through clinical parameters such as Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI), pigmentation, margin, and the number of lesions along with classical symptoms of vitiligo, such as discoloration of the skin, reddish or coppery discoloration, skin dryness, burning sensation, itching, and thickening of the skin.

RESULTS:

The results of the study indicate that both SHL and AGL are significant in improving the score of VASI (P < 0.001) and pigmentation and reducing the margin of the lesions compared to baseline. Significant reduction in skin dryness and itching was noted in both SHL (P = 0.004, P = 0.023) and AGL (P = 0.034, P = 0.009) groups. SHL also significantly reduced whitish skin discoloration and burning sensation (P < 0.05). On comparing the effect of SHL and AGL, statistically nonsignificant results (P > 0.05) were obtained for all the assessment parameters, indicating that both interventions are equally effective. No adverse drug reactions were noted.

CONCLUSION:

Both the formulations are equally effective.
Efficacy of Vijayasaradi capsule as add-on management in insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes – A randomized standard controlled clinical trial
Authors: Verma Nidhi , Goyal Mandip R. , Varsakiya Jitendra Nathabhai
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

In patients with hyperglycemia, the resistance to oral antihyperglycemic drugs may lead to insulin therapy. Insulin therapy has some limitations, such as the cost of medicine, dose monitoring, and the risk of hypoglycemia. The classical text of Ayurveda has described several formulations for treating diabetes. The role of Ayurveda antidiabetic formulations needs to be studied for controlling hyperglycemia and reducing the dose and frequency of insulin administration. Vijayasaradi capsule is an antidiabetic herbal formulation mainly utilized to treat hyperglycemia.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Vijayasaradi capsule as add-on management in the cases of insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Seventy-nine patients of either sex with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (T2-IDDM) between 18 and 70 years were studied. The intervention for the control group (n = 38) was hypoglycemic drugs with insulin injections. The trial group (n = 41) was treated with the Vijayasaradi capsule, two capsules (500 mg each) thrice daily before food, hypoglycemic medicine, and insulin injection. The duration of the study was 3 months, and follow-ups were done weekly. Percentage changes of reduction in the units of insulin therapy, fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels, and hemoglobin A1c before and after the treatment and the associated subjective symptoms of type 2 diabetes were the primary outcome measures.

RESULTS:

The trial drug significantly decreased fasting blood sugar (P = 0.02) and postprandial blood sugar (P = 0.0001). The average insulin dose was also reduced from 33.27 ± 19 to 28.8 ± 80 units. A significant reduction (P = 0.001) in hemoglobin A1c was observed after the treatment. After the treatment, reduction in the maximum average insulin dose was also observed.

CONCLUSION:

Vijaysaradi capsule can be used as an add-on therapy to manage hyperglycemia and reduce insulin doses in patients with T2-IDDM.
An open-label, randomized, exploratory study to evaluate the effect of internal oleation and therapeutic purgation on lipid profile in patients with skin diseases
Authors: Makhija Deepa , Deep V. C. , Krishna Rao S. , Shah Aaditya B. , Patil Rajkala Panchakshari , Sharma Sakshi , Gupta Bharti , Sharma Bhagwan Sahai , Khanduri Shruti , Rana Rakesh Kumar , Singhal Richa , Srikanth Narayanam
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

In Ayurveda therapeutic principles, internal oleation (IO) is essential before Virechana (purgation therapy). The IO is mainly done using plain or specific medicated ghee according to the disease condition. Virechana is a primarily utilized therapy for treating skin diseases. This pilot study evaluates and compares the effect of IO by using cow ghee (CG) and Mahatiktaka Ghrita (MTG), followed by Virechana, on lipid profiles in individuals suffering from skin diseases but having normal serum lipid levels.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A total of 60 patients were enrolled in this open-label, randomized, multicenter exploratory study and equally divided into two groups. The Ayurveda interventions for IO in groups I and II were CG and MTG, respectively. In both groups, after the completion of 3 to 7 days of IO, Virechana, by using Avipattikar churna (AVC), was done. The effect of the interventions was assessed after completion of IO, and the next day after Virechana, by laboratory investigations such as lipid profile, liver function (LFT) and renal function tests (RFT). Comparative statistical analysis of observations between the baseline, after oleation, and after Virechana was done using statistical software SPSS Version 15.0.

RESULTS:

A total of 55 participants (27 in group I and 28 in group II) completed the study. After IO and Virechana, changes were reported in the lipid profile, LFT and RFT. All the observed changes are within the standard normal range of the respective laboratory parameters.

CONCLUSIONS:

To some extent, the IO with CG, MTG, and Virechana therapy can result in clinical changes in LDL, LFT, and RFT within normal limits. As per the Ayurveda concepts, Sansarjana Karma is a must after Virechana for complete recovery. Therefore, further research on changes in lipid profile after IO and Virechana following Sansarjana Karma is required.
Clinical Evaluation of the Effect of Saptasaram Kashaya and Saraswatarishta in Kashtartava (Primary Dysmenorrhea)
Authors: Surendran Emy S. , Sharma Sakshi , Soumya Mohanan C. , Shivshankar Rajput , Tripathi Arunabh , Ota Sarada , Rana Rakesh , Sharma Bhagwan S. , Khanduri Shruti , Kumar Adarsh , Gupta Bharti , Sudhakar D. , Srikanth Narayanam , Dhiman Kartar S.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as painful menstruation without any associated pelvic pathology. This debilitating gynecologic disease affects 45–90% of women of reproductive age. In classical texts of Ayurveda, formulations such as Saptasaram Kashaya (SPK) and Saraswatarishta (SSR) have been indicated in the treatment of Kashtartava (primary dysmenorrhea). Based on the classical claim, the present work was planned to assess the effect of SPK and SSR on the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Unmarried girls of age between 13 and 20 years, suffering from at least three painful cycles of menstruation in the last 6 months with pain intensity more than 40 mm as per the Visual Analog Scale (700 mm) (VAS), were included in the trial. Ayurvedic formulations SPK in the dose of 50 ml twice daily before food from the onset of menstruation till next 7 days and SSR in the dose of 10 ml mixed with 20 ml of lukewarm water at bedtime daily were administered for 3 consecutive months. The effect on menstrual pain was assessed by VAS; improvement in quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 (RAND) questionnaire; and changes in the psychosomatic status were assessed using the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire and Hamilton Anxiety Scale.

RESULTS:

A total of 100 participants were enrolled at two study centers. The data of 96 participants who completed 6 months’ trial period were analyzed. At baseline, the mean VAS score for pain was 90.9 ± 12.3, which decreased to 33.4 ± 24 on the 90th day and further reduced to 23.8 ± 21.3 on the 180th day. The associated symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, loss of appetite, giddiness, breast tenderness, diarrhea, flatulence, headache, fainting, frequent urination, and fatigue significantly reduced (P < 0.05) at the end of the treatment. The improvement in quality of life and psychological status at the end of 90th day was also significant (P < 0.001). No adverse events were reported during the treatment period.

CONCLUSION:

SPK and SSR have a positive effect in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
Central retinal vein occlusion and its management through Ayurveda
Authors: Kamaliya Sangita , Gevariya Jetal , Vaghela Dharmendra Sinh
Published: September 2023

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a condition in which the main vein that drains blood from the retina closes off partially or completely. This condition is associated with sudden, unilateral, and moderate-to-marked or total loss of vision. In the present case report, a 58-year-old male patient suffered from CRVO with chief complaints of sudden painless diminution of distant and near vision of the right eye with a duration of 1 week and was treated with Ayurveda medications and therapeutic procedures. Oral medicines such as decoctions, herbal powder, and tablets were administered along with therapeutic procedures which include Nasya (medication through nasal route) therapy and local therapies such as Bidalaka (application of medicated paste on eye lids) and Shirolepa (application of medicated paste on head). Pre- and post-assessments were done by visual acuity (VA), posterior segment examination, and optical coherence tomography, which showed improvement at the end of 3 months’ treatment. At the end of the treatment, there is improvement noted in distance and near VA in the right eye. Ophthalmoscopic findings revealed a reduction in hemorrhages and edema in the right eye. The effectiveness of Ayurveda interventions observed in the present case indicates that CRVO can be treated with Ayurveda medication and therapeutic procedures such as Nasya, Bidalaka, and Shirolepa.
Data Mining Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Factors in Turkish Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Gülay Nesrin Çelik , Uysal Hilmi , Aliyeva Pervin , Bilge Uğur
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, controlling voluntary muscle movement. Data mining is a discipline that provides meaningful conclusions from databases or implicit data. In this study, we examine the relationship between the clinical and demographic characteristics of ALS patients and a control group, using data mining techniques.

Methods:

In the study, data belonging to 235 patients diagnosed with ALS and a control group of 117 people consisting of relatives of ALS patients were used. The dataset contains 121 features that include clinical and demographic information for each patient. The patient group and the control group were examined together and separately to examine the relationship between the features. In the study the data mining methods of classification and clustering were used on R and WEKA software packages.

Results:

There were no significant differences between ALS patients and the control group in terms of environmental factors such as location, gender, smoking, exercise status, and clinical factors such as genetics, ALS involvement, course of the disease, disease in the family. The results also showed that there was no relationship between demographic and clinical features such as gender, occupation, age group, and concomitant disease between groups or within groups.
Normative Values of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Evoked Parameters for Healthy Developing Children and Adolescents
Authors: Tekgul Hasan , Saz Ulas , Polat Muzaffer , Tekgul Nurdan , Kose Timur
Published: September 2023

Context:

Normative data-containing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) evoked parameters are essential for correctly interpreting healthy development and assessing neuroplastic changes in certain neurologic disorders.

Aims:

The aim is to investigate corticospinal pathways by applying TMS to healthy developing children and adolescents.

Settings and Design:

In this cross-sectional study, we measured TMS evoked parameters associated with cortical and spinal stimulation obtained from the four extremities of 46 healthy children and adolescents (21 boys and 25 girls; mean ± standard deviation age: 6.4 ± 1.2 years; range: 3.0–20.5 years).

Statistical Analysis:

Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated for each variable (weight and height) as a function of motor evoked potential (MEP) response latency and central motor conduction time (CMCT). Pearson's Chi-square test was used to determine the inter-variable correlations.

Results:

Latencies of MEPs were correlated with age (P < 0.001, r = 0.6948) and height (P < 0.006, r = 0.7994). Amplitudes of active-state MEPs were significantly higher than those of resting-state MEPs associated with the upper and lower extremities. The mean values for active-state MEP latencies were lower than those for resting-state MEPs. The CMCT and magnitudes of latency jumps were calculated using reliable MEP data for children and adolescents. Additionally, the unresponsiveness rates were significantly higher for children aged below 7 years.

Conclusion:

The TMS evoked parameters investigated in this study are necessary to accurately assess corticospinal pathway development in healthy children and adolescents.
Contemporary wearable and handheld technology for the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias in Singapore
Authors: Chia Pow-Li , Tan Kenny , Ng Shonda , Foo David
Published: September 2023

Twelve-lead electrocardiography (ECG) remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias. It provides a snapshot of the cardiac electrical activity while the leads are attached to the patient. As medical training is required to use the ECG machine, its use remains restricted to the clinic and hospital settings. These aspects limit the usefulness of 12-lead ECG in the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias, especially in individuals with short-lasting and infrequent paroxysmal symptoms. The introduction of ECG recording features in wearable and handheld smart devices has changed the paradigm of cardiac arrhythmia diagnosis, empowering patients to record their ECG as and when symptoms occur. This review describes contemporary ambulatory heart rhythm monitors commonly available in Singapore and their expanding role in the diagnosis of cardiac rhythm abnormalities.
Cloud-based Overall Design of Sculptural Public Art in Commercial Neighborhoods
Authors: Liu Ning , Zhong Xin
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION: The shopping street has become the center of economic activities in the city. It is the most popular place in the city, the soul of the shopping street, the reflection of history, culture, folklore, geographical features, and even the city. With the rapid development of the commercial environment, the landscape sculpture on the shopping street is also developing rapidly, and its share in the city construction is getting bigger and bigger. Landscape sculpture is the key to the whole shopping street, so it is vital to study the design of sculpture public art in commercial neighborhoods.
OBJECTIVES: The study of commercial neighborhood sculpture public art through the method of cloud computing in order to improve the overall design level of China's commercial neighborhood sculpture public art, to improve the integration of the development of China's architecture and fine arts field, and secondly, the overall design study of commercial neighborhood sculpture public art can also better improve the overall development of China's tourism industry, and to promote the further enhancement of tourism art.
METHODS: The related commercial and commercial street sculpture theory is discussed. Secondly, the computer technology of cloud computing is further applied in the research of the overall design of the sculpture public art in the commercial street area in order to enhance the informatization level of the overall design of the sculpture public art in the commercial street area, to better adapt to the development of the Internet era. Lastly, the data related to the tourists is calculated using big data technology.
RESULTS: Significant in studying shopping street landscape sculpture. Starting from the research and interpretation theory of small and medium-sized shopping street sculpture, it analyzes the positioning and development of Shaanxi's shopping street sculpture. The purpose is to synthesize the aesthetic characteristics of some commercial street landscape sculptures in Shaanxi Province. Then, the design principles and artistic values of small and medium commercial streetscape sculptures are summarized. In addition, problems and suggestions for optimizing commercial streetscape sculpture in Shaanxi Province and the future development strategy of commercial streetscape sculpture in China are also discussed.
CONCLUSION: Cloud computing and other computer technologies can better enhance the overall design level of commercial streetscape sculpture public art and promote the combination of fine arts and construction industry and the development of tourism.
A probabilistic Weyl-law for perturbed Berezin–Toeplitz operators
Authors: Oltman Izak
Published: September 2023

This paper proves a probabilistic Weyl-law for the spectrum of randomly perturbed Berezin–Toeplitz operators, generalizing a result proven by Martin Vogel (2020). This is done following Vogel’s strategy using the exotic symbol calculus developed by the author (2022).
Spectral minimal partitions of unbounded metric graphs
Authors: Hofmann Matthias , Kennedy James B. , Serio Andrea
Published: September 2023

We investigate the existence or non-existence of spectral minimal partitions of unbounded metric graphs, where the operator applied to each of the partition elements is a Schrödinger operator of the form

-\Delta + V

with suitable (electric) potential

V

, which is taken as a fixed, underlying function on the whole graph.

We show that there is a strong link between spectral minimal partitions and infimal partition energies on the one hand, and the infimum

\Sigma

of the essential spectrum of the corresponding Schrödinger operator on the whole graph on the other. Namely, we show that for any

k\in\mathbb{N}

, the infimal energy among all admissible

k

-partitions is bounded from above by

\Sigma

, and if it is strictly below

\Sigma

, then a spectral minimal

k

-partition exists. We illustrate our results with several examples of existence and non-existence of minimal partitions of unbounded and infinite graphs, with and without potentials.

The nature of the proofs, a key ingredient of which is a version of the characterization of the infimum of the essential spectrum known as Persson’s theorem for quantum graphs, strongly suggests that corresponding results should hold for Schrödinger operator-based partitions of unbounded domains in Euclidean space.
Ballistic transport for limit-periodic Schrödinger operators in one dimension
Authors: Young Giorgio
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we consider the transport properties of the class of limit-periodic continuum Schrödinger operators whose potentials are approximated exponentially quickly by a sequence of periodic functions. For such an operator

H

, and

X_H(t)

the Heisenberg evolution of the position operator, we show the limit of

\frac{1}{t}X_H(t)\psi

as

t\to\infty

exists and is nonzero for

\psi\ne 0

belonging to a dense subspace of initial states which are sufficiently regular and of suitably rapid decay. This is viewed as a particularly strong form of ballistic transport, and this is the first time it has been proven in a continuum almost periodic non-periodic setting. In particular, this statement implies that for the initial states considered, the second moment grows quadratically in time.
Contracte pentru protejarea biodiversității în scheme de plăți bazate pe rezultat : experiență acumulată, beneficii percepute și principale obstacole în extinderea implementării în România
Authors: Teodorescu Cerasela , Coșofreț Cosmin , Baciu Elena Gabriela , Debrenti Edith , Rimoli Richard , Scriban Ramona , Sbera Valentina Adriana , Bouriaud Laura
Published: September 2023

Schemele de plăți bazate pe rezultat sunt așa numitele scheme de agro-mediu în care fermierii și administratorii de terenuri sunt plătiți pentru a permite sau pentru a spori prezența pe terenul lor a unor specii de păsări, fluturi sau flori cu o importanță deosebită din punctul de vedere al biodiversității, fermierul primind o plată corespunzătoare rezultatului dorit de autoritatea de mediu. Articolul realizează o analiză a modului de implementare a acestui tip de scheme la nivel european și național. Pentru descrierea schemelor la nivel european, s-a realizat o analiză a contractelor de plăți bazate pe rezultat existente în bazele de date internaționale.

În România, Fundația ADEPT a implementat o schemă pilot de plăți pentru biodiversitate bazate pe rezultat a cărui scop a fost recompensarea gospodăririi practice a terenurilor.

În urma analizei contractelor de plăți bazate pe rezultat la nivel european și național, obiectivul comun al acestora a fost protejarea biodiversității. Fermierii români au menționat că necurățarea pășunilor duce la pierderea biodiversității. Aceștia consideră că acest tip de schemă necesită mai puțin efort, timp și cost de producție însă veniturile sunt mai scăzute decât schemele clasice.

Ca urmare, un indicator important de funcționare al acestei scheme constă în libertatea de decizie a proprietarului privind măsurile necesar a fi aplicate pentru atingerea rezultatului dorit. Pentru a se implementa plăți pentru servicii ecosistemice și biodiversitate la scară mare, este necesar a se trece de două obstacole principale: lipsa speciilor indicatoare și oponența autorităților. Condiția de bază a aplicării schemelor de plăți bazate pe rezultat este ca sistemul legislativ să permită asumarea voluntară de către proprietari a unor obiective de conservare.
The River of Life safety map
Authors: Sladden Clare
Published: September 2023

This article explores the use of narrative practices in a school-based
setting to approach safety planning with young people. The article proposes
an alternative safety planning tool: The River of Life safety map, which
draws on the migration of identity metaphor. The author explores
opportunities for collaboration in safety planning and risk management,
drawing on feminist ethics. A story of practice gives suggestions for how
one may use the map
A personal reflection on “depression”
Authors: Sullivan Barry
Published: September 2023

For most of 2022, I was challenged by depression. One of its effects was
to derail action-taking skills in my personal and professional life, leading
to a sense of paralysis. This paper documents the narrative therapy skills
and knowledge that helped me to move out from under depression’s dark cloud
and shows how I applied learnings from my personal experience to my work
with clients, including those also dealing with depression.
Trade and Environmental Law
Authors: Reins Leonie
Published: September 2023

This extensive volume of the Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law probes the essential concepts, contemporary research, and key elements of law at the intersection of international trade and international environmental law. Its succinct, structured entries provide a definitive and comprehensive assessment of the interactions between these fields, written by internationally renowned and recognized experts.
Compliance in trade and environmental law
Authors: Benjamin Lisa
Published: September 2023

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is a landmark reference work, providing definitive and comprehensive coverage of this dynamic field. The Encyclopedia is organised into 12 volumes around top-level subjects – such as water, energy and climate change – that reflect some of the most pressing issues facing us today. Each volume probes the key elements of law, the essential concepts, and the latest research through concise, structured entries written by international experts. Each entry includes an extensive bibliography as a starting point for further reading. The mix of authoritative commentary and insightful discussion will make this an essential tool for research and teaching, as well as a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers.
Sustainable finance
Authors: Delimatsis Panagiotis
Published: September 2023

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is a landmark reference work, providing definitive and comprehensive coverage of this dynamic field. The Encyclopedia is organised into 12 volumes around top-level subjects – such as water, energy and climate change – that reflect some of the most pressing issues facing us today. Each volume probes the key elements of law, the essential concepts, and the latest research through concise, structured entries written by international experts. Each entry includes an extensive bibliography as a starting point for further reading. The mix of authoritative commentary and insightful discussion will make this an essential tool for research and teaching, as well as a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers.
Sanctions for environmental reasons
Authors: Kanevskaia Olia
Published: September 2023

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is a landmark reference work, providing definitive and comprehensive coverage of this dynamic field. The Encyclopedia is organised into 12 volumes around top-level subjects – such as water, energy and climate change – that reflect some of the most pressing issues facing us today. Each volume probes the key elements of law, the essential concepts, and the latest research through concise, structured entries written by international experts. Each entry includes an extensive bibliography as a starting point for further reading. The mix of authoritative commentary and insightful discussion will make this an essential tool for research and teaching, as well as a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers.
Committee on Trade and Environment
Authors: Vidigal Geraldo , Tamiotti Ludivine
Published: September 2023

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is a landmark reference work, providing definitive and comprehensive coverage of this dynamic field. The Encyclopedia is organised into 12 volumes around top-level subjects – such as water, energy and climate change – that reflect some of the most pressing issues facing us today. Each volume probes the key elements of law, the essential concepts, and the latest research through concise, structured entries written by international experts. Each entry includes an extensive bibliography as a starting point for further reading. The mix of authoritative commentary and insightful discussion will make this an essential tool for research and teaching, as well as a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers.
Introduction to the Paris Agreement and the World Trade Organization
Authors: Delimatsis Panagiotis
Published: September 2023

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is a landmark reference work, providing definitive and comprehensive coverage of this dynamic field. The Encyclopedia is organised into 12 volumes around top-level subjects – such as water, energy and climate change – that reflect some of the most pressing issues facing us today. Each volume probes the key elements of law, the essential concepts, and the latest research through concise, structured entries written by international experts. Each entry includes an extensive bibliography as a starting point for further reading. The mix of authoritative commentary and insightful discussion will make this an essential tool for research and teaching, as well as a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers.
The principle of common concern of humankind and the WTO
Authors: Cottier Thomas
Published: September 2023

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is a landmark reference work, providing definitive and comprehensive coverage of this dynamic field. The Encyclopedia is organised into 12 volumes around top-level subjects – such as water, energy and climate change – that reflect some of the most pressing issues facing us today. Each volume probes the key elements of law, the essential concepts, and the latest research through concise, structured entries written by international experts. Each entry includes an extensive bibliography as a starting point for further reading. The mix of authoritative commentary and insightful discussion will make this an essential tool for research and teaching, as well as a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers.
Sustainable development commitments in the WTO accession process
Authors: Molitorisová Alexandra , P Purnhagen Kai
Published: September 2023

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is a landmark reference work, providing definitive and comprehensive coverage of this dynamic field. The Encyclopedia is organised into 12 volumes around top-level subjects – such as water, energy and climate change – that reflect some of the most pressing issues facing us today. Each volume probes the key elements of law, the essential concepts, and the latest research through concise, structured entries written by international experts. Each entry includes an extensive bibliography as a starting point for further reading. The mix of authoritative commentary and insightful discussion will make this an essential tool for research and teaching, as well as a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers.
Likeness and environment in the GATT years
Authors: Payosova Tetyana , Van Damme Isabelle
Published: September 2023

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is a landmark reference work, providing definitive and comprehensive coverage of this dynamic field. The Encyclopedia is organised into 12 volumes around top-level subjects – such as water, energy and climate change – that reflect some of the most pressing issues facing us today. Each volume probes the key elements of law, the essential concepts, and the latest research through concise, structured entries written by international experts. Each entry includes an extensive bibliography as a starting point for further reading. The mix of authoritative commentary and insightful discussion will make this an essential tool for research and teaching, as well as a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers.
Environmental taxes and border tax adjustments
Authors: Vranes Erich
Published: September 2023

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is a landmark reference work, providing definitive and comprehensive coverage of this dynamic field. The Encyclopedia is organised into 12 volumes around top-level subjects – such as water, energy and climate change – that reflect some of the most pressing issues facing us today. Each volume probes the key elements of law, the essential concepts, and the latest research through concise, structured entries written by international experts. Each entry includes an extensive bibliography as a starting point for further reading. The mix of authoritative commentary and insightful discussion will make this an essential tool for research and teaching, as well as a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers.
Government procurement: green/sustainable government procurement
Authors: Sporysheva Nadezhda
Published: September 2023

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is a landmark reference work, providing definitive and comprehensive coverage of this dynamic field. The Encyclopedia is organised into 12 volumes around top-level subjects – such as water, energy and climate change – that reflect some of the most pressing issues facing us today. Each volume probes the key elements of law, the essential concepts, and the latest research through concise, structured entries written by international experts. Each entry includes an extensive bibliography as a starting point for further reading. The mix of authoritative commentary and insightful discussion will make this an essential tool for research and teaching, as well as a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers.
WTO law as a constraint on domestic environmental policy: an overview
Authors: Van den Bossche Peter
Published: September 2023

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is a landmark reference work, providing definitive and comprehensive coverage of this dynamic field. The Encyclopedia is organised into 12 volumes around top-level subjects – such as water, energy and climate change – that reflect some of the most pressing issues facing us today. Each volume probes the key elements of law, the essential concepts, and the latest research through concise, structured entries written by international experts. Each entry includes an extensive bibliography as a starting point for further reading. The mix of authoritative commentary and insightful discussion will make this an essential tool for research and teaching, as well as a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers.
SCM/AD/GATT: non-market economies and the environment
Authors: Guilherme Moreno Caiado José
Published: September 2023

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is a landmark reference work, providing definitive and comprehensive coverage of this dynamic field. The Encyclopedia is organised into 12 volumes around top-level subjects – such as water, energy and climate change – that reflect some of the most pressing issues facing us today. Each volume probes the key elements of law, the essential concepts, and the latest research through concise, structured entries written by international experts. Each entry includes an extensive bibliography as a starting point for further reading. The mix of authoritative commentary and insightful discussion will make this an essential tool for research and teaching, as well as a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers.
Renewable energy and the GATS (including green certificates)
Authors: Natens Bregt
Published: September 2023

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is a landmark reference work, providing definitive and comprehensive coverage of this dynamic field. The Encyclopedia is organised into 12 volumes around top-level subjects – such as water, energy and climate change – that reflect some of the most pressing issues facing us today. Each volume probes the key elements of law, the essential concepts, and the latest research through concise, structured entries written by international experts. Each entry includes an extensive bibliography as a starting point for further reading. The mix of authoritative commentary and insightful discussion will make this an essential tool for research and teaching, as well as a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers.
Energy-intensive services: transportation and digital
Authors: Willemyns Ines
Published: September 2023

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is a landmark reference work, providing definitive and comprehensive coverage of this dynamic field. The Encyclopedia is organised into 12 volumes around top-level subjects – such as water, energy and climate change – that reflect some of the most pressing issues facing us today. Each volume probes the key elements of law, the essential concepts, and the latest research through concise, structured entries written by international experts. Each entry includes an extensive bibliography as a starting point for further reading. The mix of authoritative commentary and insightful discussion will make this an essential tool for research and teaching, as well as a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers.