bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tidal Flood Hazard Assessment in Pekalongan City, Central Java
Authors: Perdinan  , Ryco F A , Syafararisa D P , Suvany A , Sabilla C J , Revia M , Ikrom M
Published: December 2023

Climate change has had a significant impact on regional climate in many countries, including Indonesia. The coastal sector is one of the most vulnerable to climate change. Pekalongan City is one of the most vulnerable coastal areas in Indonesia to the effects of climate change. Tidal flooding is a disaster that occurs in coastal areas due to rising sea levels, which average 6-10 mm per year on Java’s northern coast. Tidal flood hazard analysis was performed using indicators of sea-level rise, distance to the sea, distance to the river, slope, topography, land cover, and land subsidence. The results of the field validation were consistent with those of the tidal flood hazard analysis. Areas covered by the tidal flood hazard modeling include Pasirkratonkramat, Bandengan, Kandang Panjang, Panjang Baru, Panjang Wetan, Krapyak, and Degayu. Pekalongan City experienced an increase in hazard area of 6.18% of the total area of Pekalongan City based on the results of the CSIRO modeling RCP 4.5 scenario. In comparison, the other three models show a decrease of up to 3.13% in the total area of Pekalongan City. However, when viewed at the site scale (per urban village), Podosugih Village experienced the highest increase in hazard area, up to 20.5% of the total area for the CSIRO-modeled RCP 4.5. The highest decrease in the area occurred in Klego Village, at 8.94% of the area for the RCP 4.5 scenario of the MIROC model. Future changes in rainfall, sea level, and land subsidence will cause these changes.
The Contribution of Climate Factors on the Availability of Hydropower Energy in West Java
Authors: Perdinan  , Janna Sabilla Cahyaning , Faqih Akhmad , Pratiwi Syafararisa Dian , Wibowo Arif
Published: December 2023

West Java has excellent potential in hydropower energy development, partly because it has high-intensity rainfall. However, some things could be improved with the water supply to produce electricity, mainly due to rainfall and temperature variability. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the magnitude of the contribution of climate factors to the availability of hydropower energy, as well as the sensitivity of the total potential loss of water supply due to variability and changes in rainfall and temperature. Data analysis was carried out by modeling the impact of rainfall and temperature on the availability of power supply for hydropower operations. The results show that rainfall greatly contributes to the loss of hydropower supply with an R2 value of 0.9. However, the temperature does not contribute to the Cirata and Saguling hydropower plants, seen from the R2 value of only 0.03. In contrast, for the Kracak hydropower plant, the temperature contributes to the loss of power supply with an R2 value of 0.7. Loss of power supply in 2021 to 2040 will tend to be higher and occur more frequently than the observation year, with the highest potential loss of 1 MW (5%) at the Kracak, 300 MW (29%) at the Cirata, and 300 MW (42%) ) at the Saguling. The total potential loss of power supply for the Kracak, Cirata, and Saguling hydropower plants is sensitive to changes in rainfall and temperature in these areas.
Zonation of critical water distribution based on meteorological water balance in Coastal Areas of Pekalongan City
Authors: Putri E A D , Perdinan  , Basit R A , Janna S C , Pratiwi S D , Mustofa I
Published: December 2023

Water demand always increases, and its availability varies between regions and times. Pekalongan City is a city that faces water scarcity issues. This study aims to determine the critical water distribution zones in the coastal area of Pekalongan City by considering the critical water criteria based on the use of meteorological water balance during the wet and dry months. The research location includes eight sub-districts in the coastal area of Pekalongan City, specifically in North Pekalongan District. Water criticality is calculated by considering water availability and water demand. Water availability is influenced by rainfall, evapotranspiration, runoff, and infiltration. Water demand for domestic, industrial, and agricultural sectors is calculated based on their respective classification standards. Surplus and deficit values are obtained using the water balance. Water criticality is classified into four categories by comparing the total water availability with demand. All sub-districts experience a water deficit during the dry months, while during the wet months, all sub-districts except Padukuhan Kraton and Panjang Wetan sub-districts experience a surplus. All sub-districts are classified as highly critical in the dry month period. During the DJF period, all sub-districts are classified as not critical and near critical, while during the MAM period, one sub-district is classified as not critical.
Design and implementation of an IoT-based Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR) as a tool to mitigate the risk of tidal flood disasters in the coastal area of Jakarta
Authors: Pianto Teguh A , Akbar Harun I , Sutejo Bayu , Rudiastuti Aninda W , Sumargana Lena , Purwandani Andri , Santikayasa I P , Ambarwulan Wiwin , Priyadi Hari , Nurdiansyah
Published: December 2023

Jakarta’s land continues to sink, and rising sea levels pose a high risk of tidal flooding in Jakarta Bay. From 2022 until May 2023, three tidal floods in Jakarta have been recorded due to high-intensity rainfall, causing the sea level to rise above normal. This threat is of public concern due to its material and immaterial losses. To address this issue, a real-time monitoring system that can provide accurate information on sea level heights on the coast of Jakarta needs to be developed. The research aims to develop a web-based Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR) system tool to support flood disaster mitigation in Jakarta’s coastal areas. This system integrates several sensors to measure sea level heights, temperature, humidity, and data transmission through a telemetry system. Based on running tests conducted from December 2022 to February 2023, the AWLR recording had been validated with BMKG’s Tide Gauge data installed in the same waters. The results show the data recording performance with high accuracy (98%). The successful performance of the sensors in this device is supported by monitoring devices involving temperature and humidity sensors. The initial calibration stage also shows significant accuracy test results with an error range of 2 -5%. The measurement accuracy of the pressure, temperature, and humidity sensors are 98%, 97%, and 95%, respectively, so the data obtained is reliable. This IoT-based AWLR data recording can be an input for coastal management decision-making, especially for monitoring coastal disasters.
Effect of particle size on the phenolic and flavonoid contents of Amla (Indian gooseberry) extract
Authors: Raaf Auliyaa , Mulana Farid , Syamsuddin Yanna , Arpi Normalina , Supardan Muhammad Dani
Published: December 2023

Amla (Indian gooseberry) is a traditional medicinal plant that contains phenolic and flavonoid compounds which can treat gastric ailments, diabetic, as an antioxidant and antimicrobial. This study investigated the effects of particle size on the yield, phenolic and flavonoid contents of amla extract. Fresh amla was oven-dried and ground into powder to obtain samples with different particle sizes. Extraction of phenolic and flavonoid contents on amla was carried out by maceration method using ethanol 96%. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of amla extract were analyzed quantitatively using spectrophotometry UV-Vis. The highest yield (31.43%) of amla extract was found at particle sizes between 0.250-0.149 mm. The results appeared that diverse particle size had a major impact on phenolic and flavonoid content. The highest phenolic content of 289.365 mg GAE/g and flavonoid content of 7.476 mg QE/g were obtained at particle sizes between 0.250-0.149 mm.
Relief (Recursive Elimination of Feature) method for Solar Home System (SHS) analysis in Delta Mahakam
Authors: Santosa Erwin , Karlinasari Lina , Hartulistiyoso Edy , Pertiwi Setyo
Published: December 2023

The area of Delta Mahakam has not been accessible by an electricity network for a long time and has been relying on gasoline as a source of electric power generation for daily and economic activity. The community uses the Solar Home System (SHS) unit for their home and public facility. The provision of these SHSs units was an activity of a community development program from a company having industrial activity in the area. This research aims to identify the SHS unit’s condition and the attributes relevant to the condition of the SHS unit. An SHS condition was determined by gathering data on the technical specification such as unit power size and battery capacity, electricity utilization, and its financing model. Data is collected using field survey, data collection, and interviews with respondents. The data was then analysed by the Recursive Elimination of Feature (Relief) method to select features sensitive to the condition of the SHS unit. The result of this study showed that the majority of SHS units are still functional to satisfy the electricity need. The set of attributes used in this research were accurate for the intended classes of SHS condition. This result provides information beneficial to improve the existing program and impact the community.
The ability to access land of enterprises in Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap Province, Vietnam
Authors: Ly N T T , Minh L V H
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of land access by enterprises implementing investment projects in Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap Province. The accessibility to land of enterprises was evaluated through 3 component indices and 8 criteria: (1) Business’s land access index; (2) Stability in land-use rights; and (3) Quality for implementing administrative procedures on land. The research results showed that 75% of enterprises did not face obstacles in expanding business premises, more than 90% of companies had premises and certificates, and about 50% of enterprises could access information on land-use planning. The stability in land-use rights was highly appreciated by enterprises with 97.2% of surveyed enterprises saying that the risk of land acquisition was low, and approximately 60% of enterprises believed that they were adequately compensated whenever their land was reclaimed. In terms of the quality of administrative procedures, 40.5% of businesses faced difficulties in the process of administrative procedures, the average waiting time for certificate issuance was 11 days, and over 80% of businesses were satisfied with the quality of administrative procedures on land. The study results serve as a foundational and practical basis for managers to establish more suitable and reasonable administrative procedures, improve the land access index score, and make informed decisions regarding land policies in accordance with local conditions.
Morphophysiology responses of taro on different soil water level
Authors: Cahyanti LutfyDitya , Santosa Edi , Sopandie Didy , Purnamawati Heni
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the response of growth and yield of taro plant genotypes to the level of soil water availability. The experiment was carried out using a divided plot design with the main plot being the rate of water application, namely: 60% FC (Field capacity), 80% FC, 100% FC, 120% FC and 140% FC, while the subplots were taro genotypes consisting of two types of dasheen (Ketan and California genotype), two types of eddoe (Satoimo and Jepang Hijau) also Xanthosoma (Talas Kuning). Parameters of plant growth observations included plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter and width of canopy, while parameters of harvest observations included tuber fresh weight and total fresh weight. Physiological observations include chlorophyll content and number of stomata. Plant height of all types of taro was more vigor at 120 and 140% FC of water. For dasheen type taro, California taro with 140% FC treatment produced tuber fresh weight 36% higher than California taro plants at 60% FC treatment, while for Eddoetypetaro, Satoimo taro with 140% FC treatment produced tuber fresh weight 25% higher thanin 60% FC treatment. This proves that 5 genotypes of taro adaptive on waterlogging stress rather than drought stress. Satoimo and Jepang Hijau (eddoe type) are more adaptive to drought and wet soil conditions than talas Ketan, California and Talas Kuning (dasheen type).
Performance of environmental DNA metabarcoding to identify and quantify benthic organisms in river ecosystems
Authors: Effendi Hefni , Aprilia Mita , Hariyadi Sigid , Permatasari Prita Ayu
Published: December 2023

Our lack of fundamental knowledge about species occurrence, abundance, distribution, threats, and habitat requirements makes it challenging to conserve biodiversity in the face of rising human pressure. To obtain this information, practical and sensitive methods are required to identify and quantify the occurrence and diversity of rare, cryptic, and elusive species. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a new technology that can help to discover and quantify biodiversity by addressing some of the limitations of conventional surveys. This study aimed to evaluate the biodiversity and composition of benthic species in the Lower Ciliwung River, Jakarta, Indonesia. The investigation was conducted from upstream to downstream of the river at the three sites during the dry season (July 2022). The DNA read sequences were used to examine the composition, relative abundance, and diversity of the samples. In this study, 1,492,975 initial reads were filtered down to 1,265,307 reads belonging to 27 species of benthic organisms. The taxa identified from the eDNA samples revealed that the most frequently detected species belonged to the family Siboglinidae, order Sabellida, and class Polychaeta. The composition of benthic species discovered in the eDNA water samples varied substantially (p ≤ 0.05). Osedax sp. (class Polychaeta) was the most prevalent species across all locations. The diversity index (H) ranged from low to moderate. eDNA offers potential advantages, but is hampered by DNA degradation, primer sensitivity, and the inability to distinguish between dead and living organisms.
Effects Of Crude Fiber, Organic Mater, And Crude Protein Contents In Sorgum Silage Of Samurai 2 First Ratoon
Authors: Moningkey S A E , Anis S D , Malalantang S S , Lumenta I D R , Telleng M M
Published: December 2023

Samurai 2 Ratun 1st sorghum silage’s crude protein, organic matter, and fiber content will be examined in this research to see how curing time affects them. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. In this study, the medications P1 (7 days of relief), P2 (14 days of restoration), P3 (21 days of restoration), P4 (28 days of restoration), and P5 (35 days of restoration) were tested. Samurai sorghum silage 2‘s rough fiber, natural matter, and unrefined protein content all showed a significant (P<0.01) effect of the restoration time on the results of the variety analysis. During the 35-day ripening period, the crude fiber content was higher, according to HSD’s subsequent tests. Non significantly different (P>0.05) after ripening for 28 days and significantly different (P<0.01) after ripening for 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days. Crude protein levels were found to be significantly (P<0.01) higher at 28 days of ripening than at 7 days and 14 days, but not significantly (P>0.05) different from those at 21 days and 21 days in the BNJ follow-up test. 35 days. When subjected to the P4 treatment for 28 days, the samurai variety 2 ratun to 1 sorghum silage produced the highest levels of crude protein, organic matter, and crude fiber, according to the study’s findings.
The Suitable Location for a Hybrid Renewable Energy Wind-Solar Power Plant: A Review by Bibliometric
Authors: Subagyo  , Moh. Yanuar J P , Bambang P N , Saleh A , Akhmad F W
Published: December 2023

This bibliometric analysis aims to provide an overview of the research landscape related to the suitable location for a hybrid renewable energy wind-solar power plant by using AHP and GIS. The study used the Scopus database to identify relevant articles and analyzed them based on research trends, themes, key authors, journals, and countries. The results showed a growing interest in the topic, particularly in recent years, with an increasing number of publications. The most used research methods were AHP and GIS, and the most frequently addressed themes were site selection, renewable energy potential assessment, and optimization of hybrid systems. Key authors and institutions from Asia and China dominated the research landscape. The study suggests the need for more comprehensive and standardized approaches to site selection and renewable energy potential assessment, as well as the importance of considering local contexts and stakeholder engagement in decision-making processes. Future research directions could explore integrating other renewable energy sources and developing decision support systems for hybrid renewable energy planning.
The concentration of Pb, Cd, and Sn in vegetables from ex-tin mining land in Bangka, Indonesia
Authors: Mellawati J , Dyah Larasati T R , Aryanti  , Nurtjahya E , Nurhasni
Published: December 2023

Utilization of ex-tin mining land as agricultural land is thought to have the potential to contribute heavy metals in agricultural products. The research objective was to obtain data on the metal content of Pb, Cd, and Sn in various vegetable crops such as spinach, cucumber, tomato, cayenne pepper, bitter guard, eggplant, pumpkin, and pepper. In addition to obtaining data on bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of metals in various vegetables. Vegetables were obtained from ex-mining vegetable fields in Jelitik Village, Gunung Pelawan, and Rebo Village, and metal measurements used Analytical Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (F-AAS) Jena ContrAA 300. The results showed that the Sn metal in all vegetables analyzed ranged from 4.71 -10.86 mg/kg, Pb ranged from 0 – 5.0 mg/kg, and Cd metal was not found in all the vegetables and soil samples analyzed. The highest of Sn was found in spinach, and Pb in pepper. Generally, the Pb, Cd, and Sn content in vegetables still meets the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No. 7387:2009, because not exceed the recommended quality standards. Soil from the three villages of ex-tin mining is not categorized as polluted with Pb, Cd, and Sn metals because it does not exceed the target values recommended by WHO. The TFs (Transfer Factors) value of metals in all types of vegetables analyzed was < 1, meaning that the ex-tin mining lands in Jelilik Village, Gunung Pelawan, and Rebo Village, Bangka are still relatively safe for growing vegetables because they do not contribute to the pollution of Pb, Cd, Sn.
Seed exploration on Nusakambangan Island to enrich seeds collection in Bogor Botanic Garden
Authors: Martiansyah I , Mimin  , Ma’mun S , Rukmanto H , Susilo A
Published: December 2023

Seed exploration is one of the conservation strategies used to enhance the collection of seeds as natural resources in the seed bank. In 2020, we explored Nusakambangan Island from the West Nusakambangan nature reserve area, Batar Panjang coast, to Kali Jati Riverbanks. The exploratory approach and direct fruit tree sampling were employed. This study seeks to collect and preserve plant seeds and discover their biological seed characteristics. Thirty-two (32) collection numbers were obtained, consisting of 22 families and 27 genera. Moraceae and Euphorbiaceae (4 species) have the most fruiting trees in this exploration. Ficus variegata, Mucuna gigantea, and Ziziphus horsfieldii are new Bogor Botanic Gardens database collections. Most seeds (75%) we collect are orthodox and suitable for long-term storage. In addition, the specimens are not endemic or endangered trees; few still need identification. Also, this study provides information on biological seed characteristics that facilitate seed conservation storage at Bogor Botanical Garden Seed Bank.
Potential development of tropical fruits on Kundur Island, Riau Islands Province, Indonesia
Authors: Pratamaningsih M M , Hati D P , Erwinda E , Muslim R Q , Kricella P , Subandiono R E , Mulyani A
Published: December 2023

Kundur Island has incredible potential for tropical fruits in Riau Islands Province. Land utilization for tropical fruit planting must be supported by land resource data, such as maps of characteristics and land suitability, to optimize tropical fruit production. This study aimed to evaluate the land suitability and determine the dominant limiting factors for tropical fruit growth and development. Land suitability was evaluated by matching the land characteristics, soil, and climatic requirements for durian, rambutan, and duku. The land suitability classes for durian, rambutan, and duku on Kundur Island are mostly marginal (S3), covering an area of 28,361 ha (90.51%), while the rest are moderately suitable (S2) and unsuitable (N). The limiting factors are drainage, root conditions influenced by peat thickness, nutrient retention, nutrient availability, depth of sulfide material, and erosion hazards. Improvements can be made by managing drainage, using cover crops, fertilization, and providing soil ameliorants. Treatments to increase land suitability must be implemented to enhance the potential of durian, rambutan, and duku plantations to be suitable (S1) or moderately suitable (S2). Land potential development for durian, rambutan, and duku is conducted by prioritizing environmental aspects and land sustainability.
Current uses of topology in 3D GIS: An overview
Authors: Salleh Syahiirah , Ujang Uznir
Published: December 2023

3D GIS has been widely used in various applications that require 3D visualisation and analysis. This has also been made possible by advances in data acquisition, which provide detailed and accurate spatial data as the basis for any task. Topology as a spatial property gives value to 3D GIS by maintaining connectivity, adjacency, and containment information. This study attempted to understand how topology is used in 3D GIS based on a literature review. SCOPUS databases were searched for journal articles, conference proceedings, and book chapters that implemented topology as part of their 3D GIS methodology. Keywords used to search for literature were “topology” and “3D GIS”. The articles were selected based on the uses of topology in 3D GIS. The term ‘uses’ indicates topology being used in the methodology of a 3D GIS study to achieve the objective. Based on the review, we were able to categorise the literature into 3 main uses of topology, which are validation, data reconstruction, and spatial analysis or queries. The results of the literature review were also visualised using a network map of terms that also represents the connectivity and weightage between terms. This overview provided an awareness of future research areas in which topology assisted data validation, data reconstruction, and spatial analysis can be applied and fully utilised to further enhance 3D GIS capabilities.
Integration of interferometry and altimetry techniques for comping and reducing the desertification phenomena in Iraq
Authors: Aryan Murtadha , Bin Rasib Abd Wahid
Published: December 2023

Iraqi society has always suffered from desertification which has started to spread suspiciously and whose worsening has been brought on by inadequate water resource management. It is essential to mention, that the desert dominates large areas of the western part of Iraq, and the southern part of this desert is very influential on the climate. Therefore, the study area is located in the southwestern part of the desert of Iraq (29°02’17.91 N; 46°25’43.54 E) and covers 65,000 square kilometers. This study investigates novel integrated altimetry and interferometry techniques based on Sentinel satellite data for water resource management and marshland generation. Altimetry satellite data from Sentenel-3A and B was used to determine the Euphrates River’s water surface elevations and contribute to determining the location for the branching of the new river, which supplies the marsh area with water. Furthermore, the determination of the channel path and the location of the marshes depends entirely on the elevations extracted from the digital elevation model (DEM) that was generated by the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique by using two Sentinel-1 images for the study area. The study’s findings include a topographical map with contour lines produced by a digital elevation model (DEM) with an RMSE value of 0.36 m. Moreover, despite the Euphrates River’s small width, the altimetry outputs and gauge station data exhibit high agreement. The Sentinel-3 satellites showed the following absolute/relative RMSE results: 0.35 m/0.39 m (Sentinel-3A), and 0.29 m/0.37 m (Sentinel-3B). The results demonstrate how integrating altimetry and interferometric methods helps manage and monitor Iraq’s water supplies.
The impact of delimitation and demarcation of interstate borders after the colonial era in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Jumari Shahril Azhari , Omar Abdullah Hisam , Idris Khairulnizam M. , Mohd Yatim Muhammad Hafiz
Published: December 2023

As a result of the colonial administration’s use of correspondence, agreements, and gazettes to define interstate borders along the borders of neighbouring states, peninsular Malaysia’s interstate borders were organically drawn around rivers and watersheds. Unfortunately, several flaws need to be fixed, including the river’s fluctuating path, delays in decision-making, and the state government’s ignorance of the significance of demarcation. Due to the significant social, economic, political, and jurisdictional ramifications, the demarcation of the interstate border in peninsular Malaysia has been the focus of intense controversy. The interstate natural boundary, like the river, is linked to damaging common-pool resources in addition to the overconsumption of natural resources. In order to give a thorough understanding of inter-state border demarcation and to implicate useful policy actions, the application of effective factors for inter-state border demarcation revision into six factors should be made based on its impact: constitutive agreement, authoritative mandate, operational structure, technical specifications, dispute resolution mechanisms, and additional components known as sustainable border governance. This review was carried out by carefully examining the supporting data from the extensive border studies literature and questionnaire. The idea of interstate boundary demarcation involves several aspects that show how changing state borders can affect both states’ authority, law enforcement, socioeconomic conditions, and tax revenues. In order to help readers better comprehend the significance and impact of interstate border delineation in peninsular Malaysia, this article offered a different perspective on the topic.
Simulation and Modelling of Tree Roots using GPR and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Amalina Y , Zulkarnaini M A , Aiman S A M
Published: December 2023

Traditional methods to check tree roots are complicated due to their destructive nature and limited quantitative assessments in long-term research. Therefore, this study aims to understand the synergistic use of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to obtain accurate information on tree root health. For this purpose, geophysical and surveying techniques are used. In the study, image data of tree roots were obtained using IDS Duo GPR under normal conditions. To obtain the most accurate results in GPRMax, the simulation used the greatest contrast dielectric value of soil and roots. Then, an analysis is conducted to compare synthetic and real data. Modelling is crucial to understand electromagnetic wave propagation and interaction with tree roots. First, the synthetic hyperbola’s shape is compared with the real root’s hyperbola. Second, roots with increasing diameters were simulated and the time interval associated with each diameter was determined to produce a regression line model. Finally, depending on the real-time interval and the collected data, the regression model is utilised to estimate the true diameter. The study found the following: (1) the results show that the high dielectric value of the detected roots, real and synthetic hyperbola, have similar amplitude and tail; (2) the findings demonstrate that the estimation model is good with an average error of ±8 mm under ideal conditions and ±20 mm under normal conditions. The estimation variation is strongly influenced by soil moisture. The GPR resolution and signal deteriorate when the high soil moisture content is high. As a result, this study could provide vital insight for more effective assessment of tree roots and serve as an important reference for researchers seeking to expand on present findings.
Applications of biomimicry to urban planning: interrogating the relevance of emerging approaches to design cities by inspiring from nature.
Authors: Madmar Sofiane , Shah Muhammad Zaly , Ak Matusin Ak Mohd Rafiq , Ilhan Amil Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Cities have an important role to play in tackling the challenges of climate change and the depletion of biodiversity. The way they were built has had a significant impact on biological and terrestrial systems. In this regard, a new generation of urban planners is attempting to address this problem by inventing new urban models, especially using biomimicry to create a real paradigm shift in the discipline. Nonetheless, it introduces a fresh perspective that refrains from viewing nature merely as a supplier of resources and energy, but instead recognizes it as a rich wellspring of wisdom. This approach is now unfolding in the realm of cities and territories as intricate systems. In fact, biomimicry is seen as a means towards more virtuous development models, aiming at the regeneration and resilience of living spaces in symbiosis with the environment. Researchers and theorists have put forth diverse ideas and concepts to incorporate the principles derived from nature into urban projects. However, several challenges are raised when trying to mimic how a biological system works to plan cities which are much more complex due to human social attributes. Although there are a few current examples of biomimicry being applied to urban planning, they need to be assessed to determine if this approach is relevant, particularly in the social field. This study employs a qualitative approach whereby the narrative review of literature has been applied which focusing on the applicability and impact of biomimicry in urban systems. Six-step framework for review articles are used to address three key research questions regarding the adoption of biomimicry principles in urban contexts. We aim to summarize and categorize the variety of applications of biomimicry to urban planning by the literature review method and to initiate an inquiry into their relevance and utility in responding to contemporary urban challenges.
Site selection for electric vehicle charging stations using GIS with MCDM AHP FAHP and TOPSIS techniques. A Review
Authors: Sani G M , Abas A M , Yusoff N , Said M F
Published: December 2023

Electric vehicles are becoming more popular because they are not only helping countries’ economies by lessening dependency on oil but also helping in creating clean environments that are more habitable and sustainable. One of the most crucial issues in promoting the usage of electric vehicles is the availability of charging stations (CS). This study proposed to use GIS-MCDM methods to produce a model that could be used for selecting appropriate locations for EVCS. MCDM AHP, and FAHP techniques will be used to weigh the criteria regarding accessibility and influence on environment. Four main criteria are selected for this work these are environmental, geographical, urbanity, and transportation, the weight of different criterion will be determined. The results will be integrated into GIS for the selection of various suitable locations for EV charging stations. TOPSIS will be used to rank the sites and choose the best locations for charging stations. At the end of the study, it is expected to have a reliable model for the selection of suitable locations for EVCS, which could be used for the selection of proper location for EVCS, for efficiency and effectiveness of electric vehicles charging within cities and along highways, this will improve the adoption and acceptability of EV across the world.
Spatial Form Cognition of Historical Streets in Hongcun Village through a Space Syntax Approach
Authors: Yu Huiyun , Samsudin Noor Aimran , Chen Fangxin
Published: December 2023

This study explores the relationship between spatial form and inner vitality, and discusses the impact of three morphological variables on spatial vitality and spatial cognition of residents and tourists. The purpose of this study is to investigate the internal relationship between spatial morphological characteristics, spatial vitality, and people’s spatial cognition. In China, the over-commercialization of tourism has led to changes in the historical spaces of many traditional villages, and the problems of homogenization and commercialization have become increasingly obvious. To address this, this study will use a combination of space syntax and cognitive imagery to understand the historical street space. Space syntax theory quantifies the division of spatial scales and studies the relationship between spatial form and human behavior. The concept of cognitive imagery reproduces the user’s spatial cognition through imagery, and explores the relationship between spatial elements and cognition. Combining these two theories can provide a better understanding of the laws of spatial form and behavioral cognition. This study investigates the historical streets in Hongcun village, a World Cultural Heritage Site located in China. The research sample consists of 51 tourists who have been traveled to Hongcun, and 49 villagers who still reside in the study area. Spatial analysis was performed using DepthmapX software. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the degree of integration, intelligibility, and optionality of traditional street space, the vitality of the space, and people’s cognition. However, residents and tourists have different perceptions of the same traditional street space due to their different identities and awareness. When formulating protection and utilization plans, the needs of residents and tourists should be considered comprehensively to achieve a reasonable allocation of village spaces. The study’s results provide a reference for policymakers to better understand the relationship between the spatial form and inner vitality of traditional villages.
A study of vernacular building materials in Bangladesh based on embodied energy and environmental performance
Authors: Rahman Shafique , Wah Lim Yaik , Nargis Nabilah
Published: December 2023

Concerns over climate change have driven the need for decarbonization of the building sector all over the world. It is proven that manufacturing building materials consumes a substantial amount of non-renewable energy and releases carbon emissions. For this reason, it has become an essential need for finding clean and energy-efficient alternative building materials. In Bangladesh, vernacular houses in rural areas are made of locally found materials like mud, bamboo, thatch, wood, and others and are always used in the construction of houses without any industrial processing, these dwellings are composed of materials with very little or no embodied energy (E.E). However, there has been a significant change in the construction of houses and the use of materials in rural Bangladesh in the last two decades. Concrete, brick, metal sheets, and many other industrial materials have taken possession of indigenous technology and bio-based materials. As a result, environmentally sustainable traditional houses have been transformed into energy-intensive houses. This research aims to study vernacular building materials in Bangladesh to identify their embodied energy, climatic performance, thermal conductivity, and durability for constructing low-carbon and less energy-consumed buildings. Based on several case studies, field surveys, and literature reviews the assessment has been conducted, showing that these materials are highly efficient in terms of embodied energy and can also ensure great thermal comfort. This study also evaluates the durability of these materials and depicts that by enhancing their durability, these materials can act as the best-performing building materials in all aspects.
Flood adaptation impacts of blue-green infrastructure through hydrosocial framework.
Authors: Abd Aziz Zul Azri , Lai Lee Yok , Ahmad Raziah
Published: December 2023

Modern dualisms between society and nature affect understandings of “what water is?” and “how water fits into society?”, according to the hydrosocial cycle concept. Understanding the urban stormwater system within the tensions inherent in designing flood-resilient cities is crucial from a social, cultural, and ecological perspective. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend how the hydrosocial cycle altered the use of blue-green infrastructure over time and how these modifications reflect the values of urban waterscapes and urban flood adaptation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyse historical and contemporary perspectives on correlations between the hydrosocial cycle and blue-green infrastructure networks, which are beneficial to water-sensitive urban design principles. A comprehensive literature review and comparative analysis of two case studies of waterscape impact on public space based on the hydrosocial framework were used to conduct the research. This study employs comparative case studies to evaluate the implementation of the hydrosocial cycle by examining the dynamics of social power and structure, technology and infrastructure, and the materiality of water at each respective site. The results of this study indicate that urban landscape and engineering systems that are influenced by ecological and social values are advantageous to the current state of flood adaptation and urban runoff management. The comparison demonstrated that the implementation of blue-green infrastructure that incorporates the symbiotic values of society and nature offers opportunities for urban flood adaptation. In a nutshell, the integration of the hydrosocial cycle in the context of reducing flood susceptibility contributes to the enhancement of the existing framework by incorporating an analysis of societal interactions and utilisation of urban waterscapes, alongside a transition towards urban flood adaptation.
Utilization of Fermented Kepok Banana Stems Using Eco enzymes on the Performance of Local Male Sheep
Authors: Hasanah U , Gultom E E
Published: December 2023

The provision of kepok banana stems fermented with eco enzymes as local male sheep feed was carried out at the Alfino pen on Jalan Tunas Mekar, Tuntungan II Village. Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency, North of Sumatra. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were P0 = 80% natural grass + 20% Concentrate, P1 = 70% natural grass + 10% Banana Stem Fermentation + 20% Concentrate, P2 = 60% natural grass + 20% Banana Stem Fermentation + 20% Concentrate. Parameters observed were feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. The results showed that the provision of kepok banana stem fermentation with eco enzymes as feed for local male sheep showed decrease of feed consumption, had no significant effect on body weight gain and feed conversion. The conclusion of the study showed that giving kepok banana stems fermentation with eco enzyme as additional feed for local male sheep with increasing doses could increase body weight gain with lower consumption and smaller feed conversion.
A Business Feasibility and Income Analysis of Sheep in Smallholder Farms
Authors: Siregar G A W , Aulia F D
Published: December 2023

Sheep business in smallholder farms plays a vital role as a source of income. Livestock are used as savings for unexpected expenses. The purpose of this study calculate the feasibility of sheep in smallholder businesses. The research was conducted in Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency. The sampling method used stratified sampling, the number of samples using the quota sampling method after dividing the three villages based on livestock population, namely the low population group (100 heads), the medium population group (800 heads), and the high population group (5000 heads). The data analysis method used descriptive, with the observed parameters being breeder characteristics, income, and financial feasibility. The results revealed that men dominated sheep farmers the majority were aged 41–50 and 51–60 years. The majority had a high school education and had small-scale businesses; had 5–10 years of farming experience. Farmer income can meet production costs so that the income is positive or profitable and has an R/C value > 1. When net BC and gross BC are greater than one, the BEP value is greater than zero, the NPV value is greater than zero or positive, the IRR value with 24, and the PP values are 50 months. The business project’s age makes it financially feasible
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Dayok Mirah Chickens
Authors: Silalahi P
Published: December 2023

Dayok Mirah is a native chicken originating from Simalungun Regency. Based on folklore, this chicken was food for kings and commanders before going to war. The famous processed product from chicken is called Dayok Nabinatur. Genetically, the origin of this chicken has not been traced. This chicken feather is a combination of black and red for males and black and brown for females. The color of the shank and beak is yellow, while the comb must stand upright and be jagged. The egg weight of the Dayok Mirah (48.4 ± 7.30 g/egg) was greater than that of other native chickens, fertility and hatchability were 87.3 ± 10.99% and 68.7 ± 18.85% respectively in the incubation machine which were classified as good compared to other local chickens. The shank length of an adult Dayok Mirah was 7.5-9.5 cm with a shank circumference of 4.25-5.25 cm. Whereas the length of the tibia and femur of the hen was 12.35 cm and 10.1 cm and that of the rooster was 13.25 cm and 11.50 cm respectively. The genetic diversity of the Dayok Mirah has not been well documented, but the genes related to growth and egg production are being investigated. The standardization of the Dayok Mirah needs to be done as soon as possible because the development of other native chickens has begun to suppress the existence of the Dayok Mirah. The Dayok Mirah chicken should also be registered as one of the local genetic resources for Simalungun Regency.
Evaluation the effect of antibiotics and probiotics supplementation in feed on broilers chicken immunity status
Authors: Purba M A , Trisna A , Hua L G , Sepriadi S , Aswa D A
Published: December 2023

Antibiotics and probiotics play important roles in the feed of broiler chickens. Antibiotics are commonly used in poultry production to prevent and treat bacterial infections, promote growth, and improve feed efficiency. Evaluation of antibiotic and Probiotic effects on growth performance, cecal microbiota, and immune response of broilers were studied. 150 one-day-old male chickens were allocated to five treatments (six replicates of 5 birds per treatment). The chicken challenged was infected with Salmonella Pullorum per os twice at 7 and 8 day-aged.The results of this study suggest that the addition of Brevibacillus laterosporus texasporus culture at a dosage of 100 mg/kg in feed can improve the growth performance of broiler chickens that have been challenged by Salmonella infection. Considering the development of immune organs in broilers, the shift away from AGPs toward probiotics is evident. Probiotics, by fostering a healthier gut environment and supporting gut-associated immune responses, offer a more targeted and sustainable approach to enhancing immune organ development.
Analysis of Broiler Supply Chain Planning in North Sumatra Province
Authors: Kimberly F K , Sitorus H
Published: December 2023

Deli Serdang Regency is a potential area for the development of broiler industry. The main challenge for the development of the broiler industry is high price fluctuations, both input and output. Distribution channels are closely related to the supply chain processes, both of which are important in a poultry industry. The supply chain, which also discusses distribution, trains companies to be more targeted in marketing their products. The purpose of this study is to analyze the supply chain and its application to poultry products and find out how the distribution channels are in the supply chain. The research method used is descriptive method. The results obtained state that the broiler supply chain includes: first the raw materials are obtained from PT. Charoen Pokphan, then enters to the livestock farming for 28 days – 35 days, and is sold the butcher entrepreneurs through company agents, after that it distributed to the markets, the restaurants and or to the consumers directly who buy from the butcher entrepreneur. In the supply chain used in the process of supplying chicken meat it is considered too complicated because it has to go through various parties. It is better for the livestock farming to cut the supply chain, so that it can be profitable for the livestock farming, and also maintain the quality of the chicken meat.
In-Silico Primer Designing and PCR for Detection of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV)
Authors: Purba M A , Khoo Y W , Qiu K , Liu G
Published: December 2023

This study focuses on Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a contagious viral illness affecting cloven-hoofed animals. Caused by the Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), it is known for rapid replication and various transmission modes. Clinical symptoms vary among animals, including vesicular lesions and lameness in cattle. Global outbreaks continue to pose challenges. Amid the pandemic crisis, quick and sensitive diagnostic tests are essential. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Real-time PCR (qPCR) are precise methods for viral detection. The study aims to design FMDV-specific primers using bioinformatics tools, targeting conserved genome regions. The study successfully designs primers, demonstrating specificity against FMDV. These primers hold promise for commercial PCR-based kits, offering rapid, sensitive, and specific FMDV detection in various samples. Further validation on infected cattle is required. In conclusion, this study presents potential primer sets for FMDV detection, contributing to accurate and efficient diagnosis in disease control efforts.
Effects of Calcium Complex and Phytobiotic Herbal Pulp Complex Allocated in Feed on the Quality of Carcass, Inner Organ Weight, Ammonia Excrete Level, VFA Cecum and Leg Color of Mojosari Ducks (Anas javanica)
Authors: Harahap M A Y , Sjofjan O
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to assess the quality of Mojosari duck carcasses using calcium complexes and phytobiotic jamu waste in their feed. The study involved 120 ducks aged 24 weeks and used a randomized design with six treatments and four replications. The results showed that phytobiotic calcium supplementation did not significantly improve carcass quality parameters such as carcass weight, abdominal fat, or abdominal fat percentage. However, it significantly influenced the gizzard and levels of ammonia excreta and volatile fatty acids in the cecum. The study concluded that the inclusion of calcium phytobiotics in duck diets did not lead to significant improvements in the carcass quality parameters. The most effective treatment was basal feed supplemented with 0.75% calcium phytobiosis, which decreased excreta ammonia concentrations and enhanced volatile fatty acids in the cecum.