bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curative resection is the single most important factor determining outcome in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wagner M , Redaelli C , Lietz M , Seiler C A , Friess H , Büchler M W
Published: April 2004

Background

Mortality rates associated with pancreatic resection for cancer have steadily decreased with time, but improvements in long-term survival are less clear. This prospective study evaluated risk factors for survival after resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Methods

Data from 366 consecutive patients recorded prospectively between November 1993 and September 2001 were analysed using univariate and multivariate models.

Results

Fifty-eight patients (15·8 per cent) underwent surgical exploration only, 97 patients (26·5 per cent) underwent palliative bypass surgery and 211 patients (57·7 per cent) resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Stage I disease was present in 9·0 per cent, stage II in 18·0 per cent, stage III in 68·7 per cent and stage IV in 4·3 per cent of patients who underwent resection. Resection was curative (R0) in 75·8 per cent of patients. Procedures included pylorus-preserving Whipple resection (41·2 per cent), classical Whipple resection (37·0 per cent), left pancreatic resection (13·7 per cent) and total pancreatectomy (8·1 per cent). The in-hospital mortality and cumulative morbidity rates were 2·8 and 44·1 per cent respectively. The overall actuarial 5-year survival rate was 19·8 per cent after resection. Survival was better after curative resection (R0) (24·2 per cent) and in lymph-node negative patients (31·6 per cent). A Cox proportional hazards survival analysis indicated that curative resection was the most powerful independent predictor of long-term survival.

Conclusion

Resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma can be performed safely. The overall survival rate is determined by the radicality of resection. Patients deemed fit for surgery who have no radiological signs of distant metastasis should undergo surgical exploration. Resection should follow if there is a reasonable likelihood that an R0 resection can be obtained.
Randomized clinical trial of distal anastomotic interposition vein cuff in infrainguinal polytetrafluoroethylene bypass grafting
Authors: Griffiths G D , Nagy J , Black D , Stonebridge P A
Published: April 2004

Background

The aim was to examine the effect of a Miller vein cuff at the distal anastomosis on the medium- to long-term patency and limb salvage rates of femoral to above-knee and femoral to below-knee popliteal artery polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bypasses.

Methods

This study involved extended follow-up of the original cohort of patients included in a previously reported multicentre randomized clinical study. Outcome measures were bypass graft patency and limb salvage.

Results

Two hundred and sixty-one bypass operations were originally randomized. For this study, full data were available on 235 (120 with a Miller cuff, 115 without). The cumulative 5-year patency rate for above-knee bypasses with a Miller cuff was 40 per cent, compared with 42 per cent for non-cuffed bypasses (P = 0·702). The cumulative 3-year patency rate for below-knee bypasses with a Miller cuff was 45 per cent, compared with 19 per cent for non-cuffed bypasses (P = 0·018). A Miller cuff had no significant effect on limb salvage for above-knee or below-knee bypasses.

Conclusion

Three-year patency rates of femoral to below-knee popliteal PTFE bypasses were improved by a Miller cuff. Miller cuffs had no effect on patency rates for femoral to above-knee popliteal bypasses at 5 years and did not improve limb salvage in either group.
Total thyroidectomy for clinically benign disease of the thyroid gland
Authors: Bron L P , O'Brien C J
Published: April 2004

Background

The role of total thyroidectomy in the treatment of patients with benign thyroid disease remains controversial. However, this procedure may be appropriate when both thyroid lobes are involved and when the risk of recurrence is significant. This study is a review of a 15-year experience of total thyroidectomy for benign disease.

Methods

Between 1988 and 2002, 834 patients underwent total thyroidectomy for clinically benign disease at the Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. There were 128 men and 706 women with a mean age of 52 (range 16–91) years. Indications for surgery were euthyroid multinodular goitre (MNG), toxic MNG and Graves' disease in 730 (87·5 per cent), 57 (6·8 per cent) and 47 (5·6 per cent) respectively. A total of 74 patients had previously undergone partial thyroidectomy.

Results

The incidence of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was 2·3 per cent and that of temporary hypoparathyroidism 14·4 per cent. Permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in 1·1 per cent, and 2·4 per cent of patients had permanent hypoparathyroidism. Neither the initial clinical diagnosis nor a history of previous treatment significantly influenced the rate of complications. The incidence of malignancy, other than incidental microscopic papillary carcinoma, was 4·6 per cent.

Conclusion

Total thyroidectomy has an important role in the management of patients with benign disease when both lobes of the thyroid gland are involved. This approach avoids disease recurrence and the increased risk of morbidity associated with secondary operation.
Working capacity and resting energy expenditure after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis
Authors: Öhrström M , Jansson O , Wohlfart B , Ekelund M
Published: April 2004

Background

The aim was to evaluate the working capacity and resting energy expenditure in patients who had undergone restorative proctocolectomy.

Methods

Of 72 patients operated on between April 1990 to September 1998, 51 were eligible and 38 participated in the study. Resting energy was assessed by indirect calorimetry, and working capacity by ergospirometry on an exercise bicycle.

Results

The median functional score was 2 (range 0–7). Oxygen uptake during rest was reduced for men compared with predicted values. The corresponding values for women were in keeping with predicted values. The median working capacity was 96 (range 59–102) per cent for women and 91 (range 51–113) per cent for men, compared with reference values of maximum workload based on age, height and sex. There was no correlation between functional score and any other variable measured.

Conclusion

Patients who have undergone restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis have normal resting energy expenditure and working capacity.
Fistuloclysis can successfully replace parenteral feeding in the nutritional support of patients with enterocutaneous fistula
Authors: Teubner A , Morrison K , Ravishankar H R , Anderson I D , Scott N A , Carlson G L
Published: April 2004

Background

Use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in patients with acute intestinal failure due to enteric fistulation might be avoided if a simpler means of nutritional support was available. The aim of this study was to determine whether feeding via an intestinal fistula (fistuloclysis) would obviate the need for TPN.

Methods

Fistuloclysis was attempted in 12 patients with jejunocutaneous or ileocutaneous fistulas with mucocutaneous continuity. Feeding was achieved by inserting a gastrostomy feeding tube into the intestine distal to the fistula. Infusion of enteral feed was increased in a stepwise manner, without reinfusion of chyme, until predicted nutritional requirements could be met by a combination of fistuloclysis and regular diet, following which TPN was withdrawn. Energy requirements and nutritional status were assessed before starting fistuloclysis and at the time of reconstructive surgery.

Results

Fistuloclysis replaced TPN entirely in 11 of 12 patients. Nutritional status was maintained for a median of 155 (range 19–422) days until reconstructive surgery could be safely undertaken in nine patients. Two patients who did not undergo surgery remained nutritionally stable over at least 9 months. TPN had to be recommenced in one patient. There were no complications associated with fistuloclysis.

Conclusion

Fistuloclysis appears to provide effective nutritional support in selected patients with enterocutaneous fistula.
Interleukin 13 and inflammatory markers in human sepsis
Authors: Collighan N , Giannoudis P V , Kourgeraki O , Perry S L , Guillou P J , Bellamy M C
Published: April 2004

Background

Interleukin (IL) 13 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that reduces inflammatory cytokine production, and enhances monocyte survival and MHC class II and CD23 expression. The only report of IL-13 in human sepsis noted no increase in IL-13 concentration, in contrast to animal data. This study further examined the expression of IL-13 in relation to human sepsis.

Methods

In a prospective observational study of 31 patients (24 men) with sepsis or septic shock, high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α on admission, and on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 thereafter. IL-13 and IL-2 were assayed by standard ELISA, and HLA-DR on CD14-positive monocytes was measured by flow cytometry.

Results

Twenty-three patients developed septic shock. Monocyte HLA-DR levels showed greater depression and a slower recovery in shocked than non-shocked patients. The serum IL-13 concentration was significantly higher in the shocked group from admission to day 3, but subsequently decreased to levels similar to those in the non-shocked group. IL-13 concentrations were higher in non-survivors. The TNF-α concentration was higher in those with septic shock than in those without. The TNF-α level correlated with IL-13 concentration (rS = 0·61, P = 0·002). The IL-13/TNF-α ratio was greater in patients with shock than those with sepsis only (P = 0·017). IL-2 was undetectable.

Conclusion

In human sepsis and septic shock, IL-13 correlated with TNF-α expression, but its effect on HLA-DR class II molecules remains unclear.
Incidence and outcome of surgical repair of spigelian hernia
Authors: Vos D I , Scheltinga M R M
Published: April 2004

Background

A spigelian hernia develops through a defect present in a locus minoris resistentiae between abdominal muscles. It is generally considered rare but is probably underdiagnosed. This study was undertaken to characterize the history, presenting features and efficacy of surgical correction of spigelian hernia.

Methods

Medical and surgical charts of 25 patients treated for a spigelian hernia over 22 years were studied retrospectively. Patients were invited for an outpatient interview and physical examination.

Results

Dominant symptoms were an intermittent palpable mass (22 patients) and postural pain (16). A quarter of the patients reported a history of other hernias. Two individuals presented with a painful palpable mass and signs of bowel obstruction necessitating emergency small bowel resection. Hernia repair was performed by primary closure in 20 patients and by use of mesh graft in five. During a mean follow-up of 6·1 years, one early recurrence was observed. Two patients reported mild tenderness in the operated area but were not impaired in daily activities.

Conclusion

Spigelian hernia is commonly encountered and requires surgical treatment because of the risk of strangulation. Operative treatment is simple and effective in the long term.
Outcome of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the era of endovascular treatment
Authors: Zeebregts C J , Geelkerken R H , van der Palen J , Huisman A B , de Smit P , van Det R J
Published: April 2004

Background

The effect on outcome of the introduction of endovascular techniques for the exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is largely unknown. The aim of the study was to contrast the early and mid-term outcome after open and endovascular AAA repair.

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR; n = 93) between April 1998 and January 2003, or conventional open aneurysm repair in the time intervals before (n = 113) and after (n = 82) the introduction of EVAR were studied. All data were collected prospectively. All patients underwent elective and primary repair. Patient survival was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and the possible predictive value of more than 25 perioperative variables on five outcome variables (length of intensive care unit stay, morbidity, and 30-day, 6-month and overall mortality) was assessed by multivariate analysis.

Results

There were no differences in risk profiles between the three groups. Selection for EVAR was based on anatomical grounds only. All five outcome variables were significantly better with EVAR than either former or recent open repair. The only significant predictors of failure were advanced age and the need to perform an additional procedure for former open repair; hypertension and the preoperative use of anticoagulants for recent open repair; and renal insufficiency and pulmonary insufficiency for EVAR.

Conclusion

EVAR offered considerable benefits compared with conventional open repair at early and mid-term follow-up, which was not explained by selection of patients with a favourable risk profile. In the current era, in which patients are selected for open repair as a consequence of unfavourable anatomy, morbidity and mortality rates following conventional open treatment of AAA have increased at early and mid-term, but not at long-term, follow-up.
Timing of urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not influence conversion rate
Authors: Knight J S , Mercer S J , Somers S S , Walters A M , Sadek S A , Toh S K C
Published: April 2004

Background

The optimal treatment of acute gallstone disease is urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, but there is confusion about the effect of delay in operation on conversion rates. Most reports suggest that delay beyond 3 or 4 days leads to a higher conversion rate. This study assessed the conversion rate in relation to the timing of laparoscopic surgery.

Methods

This institution operates a specialist-led protocol for the urgent management of all admissions with acute gallstone disease. Data were collected prospectively over 6 months.

Results

Between March and August 2002, 84 patients with acute gallstone disease underwent urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the index admission with an overall conversion rate of 12 per cent. Four of 40 procedures carried out within 3 days of admission were converted, compared with six of 44 after 3 days. Five of 46 carried out within 4 days of admission were converted, compared with five of 38 after 4 days. There were no deaths and one common bile duct injury.

Conclusion

As long as the procedure is carried out by experienced upper gastrointestinal surgeons working within a specialist-led protocol, the conversion rate for laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be as low as 12 per cent. The timing of urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy has no impact on the conversion rate.
Use of sirolimus‐eluting coronary stents in routine clinical practice
Authors: Goy Jean‐Jacques , Urban Philip , Seydoux Charles , De Benedetti Edoardo , Stauffer Jean‐Christophe
Published: April 2004

Restenosis has long remained the major limitation of intracoronary stenting, but several randomized trials have recently shown that the use of drug‐eluting stents appear to reduce markedly the risk of recurrence following treatment of de novo lesions. To evaluate whether the results of randomized trials can be generalized to routine clinical practice, all patients receiving at least one sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES) in two Swiss hospitals were entered into a prospective registry. Only target vessels with a reference diameter > 3.5 mm were excluded. Clinical follow‐up was obtained after 6 months. A total of 183 patients were included. The procedural success was 97.8% and the incidence of in‐hospital MACE was 2.2%. At 7 ± 2 months, 95.6% of the patients were event‐free, and target lesion revascularization was required in only three patients (1.6%). The excellent medium‐term results obtained with the SES in randomized trials can be replicated in routine clinical practice. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:26–29. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of Monodisperse Oligofluorenes
Authors: Jo Jungho , Chi Chunyan , Höger Sigurd , Wegner Gerhard , Yoon Do Y.
Published: April 2004

An efficient synthesis of 9,9‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)fluorene oligomers up to the heptamer is reported, with repetitive Suzuki and Yamamoto coupling reactions employed in the synthesis. The key steps for preparation of the essential intermediates include Pd‐catalyzed transformation of aryl bromides to aryl boronic esters (Miyaura reaction) and the application of the much higher reactivity of aryl boronic esters over aryl bromides in the Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction with aryl diazonium salts. Variation of the UV/Vis absorption and photoluminescence characteristics with chain length is reported. Moreover, glass transition and liquid‐crystal characteristics of the oligomers are described and compared with those of the polymer.
Evidence that Protons Can Be the Active Catalysts in Lewis Acid Mediated Hetero‐Michael Addition Reactions.
Authors: Wabnitz Tobias C. , Yu Jin‐Quan , Spencer Jonathan B.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Self‐Protection: The Advantage of Radical Oligomeric Mixtures in Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Yu Hui , Li Chaozhong
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Conversions in Water. Part 23. Steric Effects and Increased Substrate Scope in the Palladium‐Neocuproine Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols in Aqueous Solvents.
Authors: ten Brink Gerd‐Jan , Arends Isabel W. C. E. , Hoogenraad Marcel , Verspui Goeran , Sheldon Roger A.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkylative Reduction of Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide with EtMgBr: Convenient Method for the Generation of Subvalent Titanium Alkoxide Reagents and Their Reactivity in Pinacol Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Matiushenkov Evgenii A. , Sokolov Nikolai A. , Kulinkovich Oleg G.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Applications of the Carbanion Generated from 4,4,4‐Trifluorobutan‐2‐one.
Authors: Tominaga Tsuneyoshi , Nishi Kouji , Kitazume Tomoya
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective α‐Monoallylation of Phenyl Ketones and Benzocycloalkanones under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Cid Jose M. , Romera Juan L. , Trabanco Andres A.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antifungal Properties of Compounds which Target the α‐Aminoadipate Pathway.
Authors: Palmer D. R. J. , Balogh H. , Ma G. , Zhou X. , Marko M. , Kaminskyj S. G. W.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Chloro‐N‐(1,2,2,2‐tetrachloro‐ and 1,2,2‐trichloroethyl)sulfonamides from N,N‐Dichlorosulfonamides and 1,2‐Polychloroethenes.
Authors: Kondrashov E. V. , Rozentsveig I. B. , Levkovskaya G. G. , Kanitskaya L. V.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselectivity in the Anionic Oxy‐Cope Rearrangement of Acyclic Vinyl Sulfides.
Authors: Woodland C. Andrew , Crawley Graham C. , Hartley Richard C.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of (‐)‐ and (+)‐Tricyclic Compounds with Enone Functionalities in Rings A and C. A Novel Class of Orally Active Antiinflammatory and Cancer Chemopreventive Agents.
Authors: Honda Tadashi , Favaloro Frank G. Jr. , Janosik Tomasz , Honda Yukiko , Suh Nanjoo , Sporn Michael B. , Gribble Gordon W.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Darzens Reaction Using a New Chiral Ammonium Salt.
Authors: Arai Shigeru , Tokumaru Kazuyuki , Aoyama Toyohiko
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New, Efficient, and Simple Method for the Synthesis of Thiiranes from Epoxides under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Kaboudin Babak , Norouzi Hamid
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Accelerated Claisen Rearrangements of Allyl Tetronates and Tetramates.
Authors: Schobert Rainer , Gordon Gary J. , Mullen Gillian , Stehle Ralf
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Regiospecific Fischer Indole Reaction in Choline Chloride×2ZnCl2 with Product Isolation by Direct Sublimation from the Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Morales Raul Calderon , Tambyrajah Vasuki , Jenkins Paul R. , Davies David L. , Abbott Andrew P.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 4‐Arylhydrazono‐3‐arylthiomethyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1‐R‐5‐pyrazolones
Authors: Bodnar V. N. , Britsun V. N. , Lozinskii M. O.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Synthesis of Novel Nonpeptide Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Yang Ling‐Chun , Qi Chuan‐Min , Zhang Guan‐Xin , Zou Nan‐Zhi
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient and Chemoselective Conversion of Aryl Aldehydes to Their Azalactones Catalyzed by Bi(III) Salts under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Khosropour Ahmad Reza , Jomor Saied Jabar Hoseini
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrile Oxides to Prop‐1‐ene‐1,3‐sultone.
Authors: Tian Li , Xu Guo‐Yan , Ye Yong , Liu Lun‐Zu
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of the Key Intermediates for the Core 3,4‐Dihydroisocoumarin Structures of AI‐77‐B and Apicularen from ortho‐Metalated Dianions of t‐Butylbenzamides and Functionalized Epoxides.
Authors: Kwon Bo‐Sung , Tae Jinsung
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 5‐(4‐Aryl)‐2‐phenyl‐5,6‐dihydrobenzo[b][1,5]oxazocin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Davion Yann , Guillaumet Gerald , Leger Jean‐Michel , Jarry Christian , Lesur Brigitte , Merour Jean‐Yves
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Ring Opening Reactions of a 2‐Silabicyclo[2.1.0]pentane.
Authors: Maas Gerhard , Daucher Birgit , Maier Alexandra , Gettwert Voker
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclization of Dienols, Polyenes, and Dienyne Mediated by Mercuric Salts: Course of Cyclizations Controlled by Stability of Cationic Intermediates.
Authors: Takao Hiroko , Wakabayashi Akihito , Takahashi Kazuya , Imagawa Hiroshi , Sugihara Takumichi , Nishizawa Mugio
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Curcumin Analogues as Potential Antioxidant, Cancer Chemopreventive Agents.
Authors: Youssef Khairia M. , El‐Sherbeny Magda A. , El‐Shafie Faiza S. , Farag Hassan A. , Al‐Deeb Omar A. , Awadalla Sit Albanat A.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies on the Constituents of Gardenia Species. Part 3. New Iridoid Glycosides from the Leaves of Gardenia jasminoides cv. fortuneana Hara.
Authors: Machida Koichi , Takehara Emiko , Kobayashi Hiroko , Kikuchi Masao
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Briarane Derivatives from the Gorgonian Coral Junceella fragilis.
Authors: Sung Ping‐Jyun , Fan Tung‐Yung , Fang Lee‐Shing , Wu Shwu‐Li , Li Jan‐Jung , Chen Ming‐Chyuan , Cheng Ying‐Min , Wang Guey‐Horng
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tyromycic Acids F and G: Two New Triterpenoids from the Mushroom Tyromyces fissilis.
Authors: Quang Dang Ngoc , Hashimoto Toshihiro , Tanaka Masami , Asakawa Yoshinori
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Pyrrole C‐Nucleosides by Nitrogen Extrusion from Pyridazine C‐Nucleosides.
Authors: Joshi Uday , Josse Solen , Pipelier Muriel , Chevallier Floris , Pradere Jean‐Paul , Hazard Roland , Legoupy Stephanie , Huet Francois , Dubreuil Didier
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangements in the Enantioselective Synthesis of (—)‐Methylenolactocin.
Authors: Ariza Xavier , Fernandez Natalia , Garcia Jordi , Lopez Marta , Montserrat Laia , Ortiz Jordi
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of New Bis‐Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Kuecuekbay Hasan , Durmaz Riza , Okuyucu Naif , Guenal Selami , Kazaz Cavit
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation and Use of Nanosized Materials
Authors: Uvarova I. V.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Reactivities of Multinuclear Sulfur‐Bridged Metal Complexes Ranging from Dinuclear to Hexanuclear Cores
Authors: Hidai Masanobu
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Reverse Cope Cyclization: A Classical Reaction Goes Backwards
Authors: Cooper Nicholas J. , Knight David W.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Single‐Crystalline Photochromism of Diarylethenes
Authors: Kobatake Seiya , Irie Masahiro
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclobutadiene Dianion
Authors: Matsuo Tsukasa , Sekiguchi Akira
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photochemical Aromatic Substitution
Authors: Karapire Canan , Icli Siddik
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Heterocycles by Photocyclization of Arenes
Authors: Hoffmann Norbert
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photochemical Synthesis of Cyclophanes
Authors: Nishimura Jun , Nakamura Yosuke , Yamazaki Takuzo , Inokuma Seiichi
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Inter‐ and Intramolecular [2 + 2]‐Photocycloaddition Reactions of Alkenes
Authors: Ghosh Subrata
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rational Synthesis of Covalently Bonded Organic—Inorganic Hybrids
Authors: Peng Zhonghua
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
β‐Oxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Sommer Toby J.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Current Studies on Some Physical Properties of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhao Hua
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Process Enhancement in Anaerobic Bioreactor Landfills
Authors: Kim J. , Pohland F. G.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper Binding in the Prion Protein
Authors: Millhauser Glenn L.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Quantum Chemical Studies of Intermediates and Reaction Pathways in Selected Enzymes and Catalytic Synthetic Systems
Authors: Noodleman Louis , Lovell Timothy , Han Wen‐Ge , Li Jian , Himo Fahmi
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Principles and Unconventional Aspects of NMR Diffusometry
Authors: Ardelean Ioan , Kimmich Rainer
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An LN2 cooled toroid resonator
Authors: Pschierer C. , Griswold M. , Lanz T. , Haase A.
Published: April 2004

(ISMRM2002:) A toroid cavity resonator for imaging on small, non lossy objects like plants at 7.05 T has been built. It is integrated into a cryostat, so that it can be cooled to 77K using liquid nitrogen. Cooled and uncooled measurements on the workbench and in the NMR spectrometer have been performed and compared. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 21B: 11–18, 2004.
A simple, robust hardware device for passive or active respiratory gating in MRI and MRS experiments
Authors: Garbow Joel R. , Dugas Joseph P. , Song Sheng‐Kwei , Conradi Mark S.
Published: April 2004

The synchronization of MR data collection with respiration is essential for collecting high‐quality, in vivo magnetic resonance images and spectra of rodents. In this article, we describe the design and operation of a simple, robust device for respiratory gating. Inexpensive and easy to construct, the device operates in either free‐breathing or actively driven (ventilator) modes. Respiration is monitored either by a pressure transducer connected to the nosecone used to deliver anesthesia to the animal or by a fiber‐optic detector of the animal's motion. The device generates a TTL signal that can be used to trigger the MR scanner to enable respiratory‐synchronized data acquisition. A variety of different MR imaging sequences can be easily modified to incorporate respiratory gating. We present respiratory‐synchronized imaging and spectroscopy results obtained using this device, including 1H MR images of mouse lung, liver, and spinal cord and localized 1H spectra of mouse liver. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 21B: 40–48, 2004
Radial glia defines boundaries and subdivisions in the embryonic midbrain of the lizard Gallotia galloti
Authors: Trujillo Carmen Ma. , Alonso Antonia , Damas Carmen
Published: April 2004

We have studied the organization of the midbrain radial glia in embryos of Gallotia galloti using the fluorescent lipophilic dye 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) and the antibodies H5 and RC2. Our goal was to verify if the radial glia takes part in the midbrain boundaries formation and if it defines different zones. Our exam reveals two clear limits, anterior or mesencephalic–diencephalic (m/d) and posterior or mesencephalic–rhombencephalic (m/r), that can be defined as the borders where the midbrain radial glia processes end. Moreover, fasciculate radial glia processes characterize these limits totally or partially. They coincide with gene expression limits and with cytoarchitectonic limits defined by other criteria. Six different subdivisions, five alar and one basal, can be defined according to radial glia distribution, fasciculation, and immunohistochemical features. The ventral part of the alar region is defined by an RC2‐positive bundle of radial glial cells. This bundle supposes a trustworthy landmark to point out the tectal/tegmental boundary. We hypothesize that this pattern of midbrain radial glia represents a basic model in amniota. J. Comp. Neurol. 473:162–176, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of estrogen receptor α and β in the mouse central nervous system: In vivo autoradiographic and immunocytochemical analyses
Authors: Merchenthaler Istvan , Lane Malcolm V. , Numan Suzanne , Dellovade Tammy L.
Published: April 2004

Although the distribution of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous has been reported, no such data are available in the mouse. The present study used in vivo autoradiography utilizing a 125I‐estrogen that has equal binding affinity for both receptors as well as immunohistochemistry for ERβ and ERα, to investigate and compare the distribution of the two ERs in the mouse CNS. The use specific antisera against ERα and ERβ allowed us to evaluate the contribution of these receptors to the binding detected with autoradiography. In addition, data were collected in ovariectomized wildtype and ERα KO (knockout) mice to examine developmental regulation of ERβ expression by ERα. These studies revealed that in the mouse CNS, combining immunoreactivity for ERα with that for ERβ accounted for all regions where binding was seen using autoradiography. Therefore, these data strongly suggest that the major contributors of estrogen binding in the mouse CNS are ERα and ERβ. Together, these data provide an anatomical foundation for future studies and advance our understanding of estrogen action in the CNS. Moreover, since the immunocytochemical images were similar in wildtype and ERα KO mice, these studies suggest that the lack of ERα does not influence the expression of ERβ in the central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 473:270–291, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparing observers
Authors: Kuehni Rolf G. , Ramanath Rajeev
Published: April 2004

Color‐matchingfunctions may be considered dimension reduction functions that project a spectral reflectance function into the desired space of colors. Using a gray metameric pair with maximal spectral difference we compare the abilities of various human and other observers with regard to the transition wavelengths for that metameric pair. Transition wavelengths are shown to be a convenient tool for comparing and classifying observers regardless of the number of dimension reduction functions. Four human observers were identified as differing in a comparable manner from the CIE 2° standard observer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 183–186, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20004
Uncertainty analysis for reflectance colorimetry
Authors: Early E. A. , Nadal M. E.
Published: April 2004

The uncertainty associated with the quantitative description of the color of an object is often necessary for determining the acceptability of that object for its intended application. Uncertainties are also required for establishing the traceability of a measurement to a national metrology institute. A systematic, analytical approach to uncertainty analysis, which conforms to currently accepted practice, is presented for reflectance colorimetry. Two important concepts are stressed—the measurement equation describing the relation between signals and the spectral reflectance factor and correlations both between signals at the same wavelength and between reflectance factors at different wavelengths. The approach is illustrated by considering representative object colors and instrument parameters. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 205–216, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20006
Use of gray system theory in product‐color planning
Authors: Hsiao Shih‐Wen , Tsai Hung‐Cheng
Published: April 2004

A quantitative evaluation method for the CIE color‐planning activity within the product design cycle is proposed in this article. The questionnaire‐based process that is traditionally employed to obtain objective color psychology tends to be time‐consuming. Accordingly, this study proposes the use of gray system theory to overcome this problem. In the CIE color system, colors are defined by three primary colors, R (red), G (green), and B (blue). Using these three principal hues with fixed equigap sequences to simulate specific basic color samples is an efficient means of investigating unicolor images on a personal computer. However, a gray relational generating operation can be used to simulate colors beyond these basic samples and to predict the corresponding membership values for semantic words. In addition, the gray clustering operation is introduced to predict the overall color image evaluation of multicolored products. The predicted evaluation results of the gray system theory and a back‐propagation neural network are both compared with experimentally verified results. The results indicate that the gray forecasting model is the more effective means of predicting the image evaluation, and therefore, the method is adopted within the color‐planning activity. Although this study takes the example of the Internet‐aided color planning of a baby walker as a case study, the proposed method can also be used on other products. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 222–231, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20009
A study of colour emotion and colour preference. Part I: Colour emotions for single colours
Authors: Ou Li‐Chen , Luo M. Ronnier , Woodcock Andrée , Wright Angela
Published: April 2004

This article classifies colour emotions for single colours and develops colour‐science‐based colour emotion models. In a psychophysical experiment, 31 observers, including 14 British and 17 Chinese subjects assessed 20 colours on 10 colour‐emotion scales: warm–cool, heavy–light, modern–classical, clean–dirty, active–passive, hard–soft, tense–relaxed, fresh–stale, masculine–feminine, and like–dislike. Experimental results show no significant difference between male and female data, whereas different results were found between British and Chinese observers for the tense–relaxed and like–dislike scales. The factor analysis identified three colour‐emotion factors: colour activity, colour weight, and colour heat. The three factors agreed well with those found by Kobayashi and Sato et al. Four colour‐emotion models were developed, including warm–cool, heavy–light, active–passive, and hard–soft. These models were compared with those developed by Sato et al. and Xin and Cheng. The results show that for each colour emotion the models of the three studies agreed with each other, suggesting that the four colour emotions are culture‐independent across countries. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 232–240, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20010
Bezold–Brucke effect exists in related and unrelated colors and resembles the Abney effect
Authors: Pridmore Ralph W.
Published: April 2004

An Erratum has been published for this article in Color Research and Application 29:402, 2004.

I wish to correct a sometimes‐held misconception that Bezold–Brucke hue‐shift applies only to aperture colors and not to real object colors. I also demonstrate the broad similarity between this and Abney hue‐shift, despite a contrary report. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 241–246, 2004
Split agent‐based routing in interconnected networks
Authors: X. Mavromoustakis Constandinos , D. Karatza Helen
Published: April 2004

Adaptive behaviour of swarm‐based agents (BT Technol. J. 1994; 12:104–113; AAMAS Conference '02, Melbourne, Australia, Month 1–2, 2002; Softcomput. J. 2001; 5(4):313–317.) is being studied in this paper with respect to network throughput for a certain amount of data traffic. Algorithmically complex problems like routing data packets in a network need to be faced with a dynamically adaptive approach such as agent‐based scheme. Particularly in interconnected networks where multiple networks are participating in order to figure a large‐scale network with different QoS levels and heterogeneity in the service of delay sensitive packets, routing algorithm must adopt in frequent network changes to anticipate such situations. Split agent‐based routing technique (SART) is a variant of swarm‐based routing (Adapt. Behav. 1997; 5:169–207; Proceedings of 2003 International Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems—SPECTS, Montreal, Canada, July 20–24, 2003; 240–247.) where agents are split after their departure to the next node on a hop‐by‐hop basis. Packets that are delay sensitive are marked as prioritized which agents recognize‐as being a part of a packet‐ and try to influence the two‐way routing tables. Thorough examination is made, for the performance of the proposed algorithm in the network and the QoS offered, taking into account a number of metrics. It is shown that the split agent routing scheme applied to interconnected networks offers a decentralized control in the network and an efficient way to increase overall performance and packet control reducing at the same time the packet loss concept. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy efficient broadcast routing in mobilead hocnetworks
Authors: Low Chor Ping , Yuen Chau
Published: April 2004

In this paper, we address the problem of broadcast routing in mobilead hocnetworks from the viewpoint of energy efficiency. In anad hocwireless network, each node runs on a local energy source which has a limited energy lifespan. Thus, energy conservation is a critical issue inad hocnetworks. One approach for energy conservation is to establish routes which require lowest total energy consumption. This optimization problem is referred as the minimum‐energy broadcast routing problem (MEBRP). In this paper, we propose new efficient algorithms for the construction of energy‐efficient trees for broadcast in mobilead hocnetworks. These algorithms exploit the broadcast nature of the wireless channel, and address the need for energy‐efficient operations. Empirical studies show that our algorithms are able to achieve better performance than algorithms that have been developed for MEBRP. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved insulin secretory function and reduced chemotactic properties after tissue culture of islets from type 1 diabetic patients
Authors: Lupi Roberto , Marselli Lorella , Dionisi Sabrina , Del Guerra Silvia , Boggi Ugo , Del Chiaro Marco , Lencioni Cristina , Bugliani Marco , Mosca Franco , Di Mario Umberto , Del Prato Stefano , Dotta Francesco , Marchetti Piero
Published: April 2004

Background

Type 1 diabetes results from the destruction of pancreatic beta‐cell as a consequence of an autoimmune process. To date, information on the properties of islets isolated from type 1 diabetic patients is very scant.

Methods

Some immunological and functional properties of islets prepared from the pancreas of type 1 diabetic patients were studied shortly after the isolation and after a period of culture in euglycemic condition.

Results

Compared to control islets, freshly prepared type 1 diabetic islets released a significantly higher amount of cytokines (pg/mL) into the culture medium (TNF‐α: 112.9 ± 5.6 vs 75.6 ± 24.4; INF‐γ: 286.9 ± 26.9 vs 58.6 ± 6.2; IL‐10: 41.8 ± 4.3 vs 10.1 ± 3.2; TGF‐1 β: 294.0 ± 20.6 vs 45.1 ± 3.5); had a significantly higher chemotactic index (1.9 ± 0.2 vs 1.2 ± 0.1); showed reduced insulin release (% of insulin content) in response to glucose (2.8 ± 0.7 vs 5.3 ± 1.9), arginine (3.0 ± 0.6 vs 5.6 ± 1.0), and glibenclamide (2.9 ± 0.7 vs 5.4 ± 0.9); and exhibited decreased glucose oxidation capability and diminished mRNA expression of glucokinase, aldolase, pyruvate kinase, and mitochondrial glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase. Ten days after isolation, a normalization of cytokine release (TNF‐α: 55.7 ± 2.3; INF‐γ: 53.9 ± 4.3; IL‐10: 8.6 ± 0.7; TGF‐1 β: 60.7 ± 12.4) and chemotactic index (1.3 ± 0.2) were observed. Moreover, there was an improvement of insulin secretion (3.8 ± 0.3, 4.7 ± 0.6 and 3.5 ± 0.2 respectively in response to glucose, arginine, and glibenclamide) and glucose oxidation, and a partial recovery of the measured mRNA expressions.

Conclusions

These novel results, obtained with islets prepared from patients with type 1 diabetes, demonstrate that even after months after diabetes diagnosis, a period of culture of the islets in a more favorable environment has beneficial effects on the islet function. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiating between effects of streptozotocin per se and subsequent hyperglycemia on renal function and metabolism in the streptozotocin‐diabetic rat model
Authors: Palm Fredrik , Ortsäter Henrik , Hansell Peter , Liss Per , Carlsson Per‐Ola
Published: April 2004

Background

The animal model with streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes mellitus is associated with progressive renal disturbances. The aim of this study was to differentiate between toxic effects of STZ and the effect of hyperglycemia. Previous studies have been limited to investigating the influence of STZ on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), albuminuria and renal morphology. The present study presents a new approach when transplanting β‐cells to cure the STZ‐treated animals and extends the evaluation to include both renal function and oxygen metabolism.

Methods

Animals were allocated to three groups: control animals, STZ‐diabetic animals and animals rendered diabetic with an injection of STZ, followed by immediate syngeneic transplantation of ∼1000 pancreatic islets into the splenic parenchyma. This latter procedure reversed the hyperglycemia induced by STZ. Renal function was evaluated from GFR and urinary albumin and protein leakage, while regional renal blood flow was determined using a laser‐Doppler technique and oxygen tension measured with Clark‐type electrodes.

Results

In diabetic animals, GFR increased, renal oxygen tension decreased and renal hypertrophy occurred, along with urinary leakage of protein, including albumin. Early transplantation of pancreatic islets to STZ‐treated animals prevented the development of all these changes, except for proteinuria. However, an analysis of urinary protein content revealed that albuminuria was preventable by islet transplantation.

Conclusions

We conclude that the urinary protein leakage in this animal model is at least partly due to direct toxic effects of STZ, whereas the other renal changes investigated in this study are due to the long‐term diabetic condition. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A trial of a relapse prevention strategy in women with bulimia nervosa who respond to cognitive‐behavior therapy
Authors: Mitchell James E. , Agras W. Stewart , Wilson G. Terence , Halmi Katherine , Kraemer Helena , Crow Scott
Published: April 2004

Objective

This study examines a relapse prevention strategy for bulimia nervosa (BN). Subjects in a multicenter BN treatment trial who initially achieved abstinence after a course of cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) were told to recontact the clinic if they had a recurrence of symptoms or feared such a reoccurrence so that they could receive additional therapy visits.

Method

At the end of CBT, subjects whose scores on the Eating Disorders Examination indicated that they were abstinent from binge eating and purging, and therefore considered to be treated successfully, were assigned randomly to follow‐up only or to a crisis intervention model. With the crisis intervention model, subjects would receive additional visits if needed.

Results

None of the 30 subjects who relapsed during the follow‐up sought additional treatment visits.

Discussion

Simply telling patients with BN who appear to have been successfully treated to come back if they have additional problems, or fear that they are developing such problems, may be an ineffective relapse prevention technique. Alternative strategies, such as planned return visits or phone calls, should be considered as alternative relapse prevention strategies. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 549–555, 2004.
Lesional RhoA+ cell numbers are suppressed by anti‐inflammatory, cyclooxygenase‐inhibiting treatment following subacute spinal cord injury
Authors: Schwab Jan M. , Conrad Sabine , Elbert Tina , Trautmann Katrin , Meyermann Richard , Schluesener Hermann J.
Published: April 2004

Inhibition of the small GTPase RhoA or its downstream target Rho‐associated coiled kinase (ROCK) has been shown to promote axon regeneration and to improve functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) in the adult rat. RhoA has also been implicated in delayed secondary injury pathophysiology, such as free radical formation and loss of endothelial integrity leading to edema formation. In the present report, we have analyzed the effect of the central nervous system (CNS) permissive, putatively neuroprotective, anti‐inflammatory cyclooxygenase‐1/‐2 (COX‐1/‐2) inhibitor indomethacin in CNS effective dosage (2 mg/kg/day) on lesional RhoA expression following subacute spinal cord injury. In control rats receiving vehicle alone, RhoA+ cells accumulate at the lesion site (Th8). At day 3 following SCI, the RhoA+ cellular composition is composed prevailingly of microglia/macrophages and polymononuclear granulocytes, but few reactive astrocytes. In contrast, in the verum group, lesional numbers of RhoA cells were reduced by indomethacin treatment by more than 60% (P < 0.0001). Inflammation‐dependent RhoA expression accessible by cyclooxygenase inhibition proposes an immune‐related mechanism. Our results identify COX blockers as candidates for a safe, synergistic, adjuvant treatment option in combination with cell‐specific approaches to Rho inactivation, effectively minimizing the pool of RhoA+ cells at the lesion site following SCI. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.