bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dance Criticism: Neuroscience, Training, and Self-Media
Authors: Lyu ManFang , HuiYu Zhang
Published: January 2025

This study explores the intersection of professional dance training, neuroscience, and dance criticism within the context of the self-media era. As digital platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok democratize dance critique by allowing a broader array of voices to contribute, the role of professional expertise has come into question. Through an examination of the neural mechanisms involved in movement perception, this research reveals that critics with professional dance training possess a heightened kinesthetic awareness, which enables them to offer more detailed and nuanced evaluations of performances. Specifically, the study delves into how the motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, and mirror neuron system are activated in trained individuals, allowing them to perceive subtle aspects of balance, timing, and muscular control that may elude untrained critics.
While self-media platforms have significantly broadened the accessibility of dance criticism, this research underscores the enduring importance of professional expertise in maintaining the depth and quality of critique. It argues that without the technical understanding and embodied knowledge that come from formal training, critiques risk being superficial, focusing more on emotional reactions or entertainment value than on the intricate technical and artistic elements that define high-quality performances.
This study advocates for a balanced approach in the evolving digital landscape—one that embraces the inclusivity of self-media while also recognizing the essential contribution of expert analysis. By integrating professional training with the wide-reaching platforms of self-media, the field of dance criticism can evolve in a way that maintains both accessibility and rigor, ensuring that diverse perspectives and deep technical insight coexist to enrich the discourse on dance as an art form.
Pharmacological Modulation of Heat Shock Proteins for Enhancing Thermotolerance and Immune Resilience in Heat-Stressed Livestock
Authors: Shakeeb Ullah  , Mubarik Ali  , Uzma Ashraf  , Faiqah Ramzan  , Norina Jabeen  , Qamar Ullah  , Irtaza Hussain
Published: January 2025

Background: Heat stress reduces immunological resilience and cattle output, hence efforts to improve thermotolerance are needed. This study thus aimed to increase thermotolerance and immunological function in heat-stressed cows by pharmacological regulation of HSP70 with resveratrol, quercetin, and geranylgeranyl acetone (GGA). Methods: One hundred and twenty cows aged 2–5 years were involved in this cross-sectional study carried out at Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan between February 2024 and October 2024. Four groups comprised cows: control, resveratrol (200 mg/day), quercetin (300 mg/day), and GGA (100 mg/day). Treatments were given for sixty days then under thirty-day observation. Rectal temperature, HSP70 expression, antioxidant enzyme activities, and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α) among physiological, biochemical, and immunological parameters were examined. Results: Treated groups showed notable lower rectal temperature than the control (p < 0.05). Day 60 saw quercetin and GGA reach the lowest temperatures—38.4 ± 0.2°C and 38.5 ± 0.2°C—against the control, 39.0 ± 0.3°C. By day 60, HSP70 concentrations rose dramatically and peaked in the GGA group (p = 0.001) at 3.2 ± 0.3 ng/mL. With SOD (11.5 ± 0.6 U/mg) and catalase (15.3 ± 0.7 U/mg), the GGA group had the highest antioxidant activity (p < 0.05). With the GGA group displaying 9.3 ± 0.7 pg/mL and 16.8 ± 0.8 pg/mL respectively, IL-6 and TNF-α levels likewise dropped (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Heat-stressed cows' thermotolerance, antioxidant defenses and immunological control are improved by pharmacological manipulation of HSP70 with quercetin and GGA. These agents deserve more long-term research since they showed good ways to reduce heat stress in animals.
Ichthyofaunal Diversity of the River Indus at District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Baseline Study for Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Sustainability
Authors: Abdul Waheed  , Nizar Ali  , Arslan Ahmad  , Nouman Khan  , Hafsa Iqbal  , Asma Khan
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the ichthyofaunal diversity of the River Indus in District Swabi, Pakistan, focusing on the confluence of the River Kabul and the River Indus. The study was conducted from February to April 2024, aiming to assess fish species composition, abundance, and distribution across two sampling sites: Nabi and Jehangira. A total of 20 fish species from 10 families were identified, with Cyprinidae being the most dominant family, comprising 40% of the total specimens collected. The species diversity was higher at Jehangira (16 species) compared to Nabi (12 species), likely due to environmental factors such as water quality and sediment deposition. Environmental parameters, including water temperature (18°C to 22°C), turbidity, and flow rate, were recorded and found to influence species distribution. Species abundance was linked to seasonal variations, particularly spawning behaviors before the monsoon floods. The study also highlights the ecological impact of invasive species like Cyprinus carpio and Pangasius pangasius, which may threaten native fish populations. The findings emphasize the importance of habitat conditions and seasonal timing in understanding fish biodiversity in river ecosystems. Future research should include year-round sampling to capture broader ecological fluctuations and further investigate the impacts of invasive species on local biodiversity.
Primary PCI for STEMI in Patients with Chronic Total Occlusions
Authors: Nasir Ali  , Hameed Ullah  , Muhammad Niaz Khan  , Abdul Waris  , Abid Ullah  , Nazeef Ullah
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate the impact of chronic total occlusions (CTOs) on procedural and clinical outcomes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary PCI at a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was carried out at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, during a duration of 12 months in which 400 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups, STEMI with CTOs (Group A, n=100) and STEMI without CTOs (Group B, n=300). Baseline characteristics, procedural outcomes, and clinical events were examined. Outcomes were compared with statistical tests (chi-square and t-tests); p-values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: The average age in group A is 62.5 ± 10.4 years and 59.8 ± 9.9 years in group B (p=0.07). Time to PCI was significantly longer in Group A compared with Group B (7.2 ± 2.5 hours vs 5.4 ± 1.9 hours, p<0.01). PCI success was lower in Group A (85%) than in Group B (95%, p=0.02) In-hospital MACE was seen in 15% of Group A compared to 10% of Group B (p=0.15). The follow-up MACCE rates were higher in group A (20%) compared to group B (12%, p=0.09), with the corresponding mortality rates of 12% and 7%, respectively (p=0.11). Conclusion: STEMI patients with CTOs face longer procedural times, lower success rates, and higher adverse event rates, emphasizing the need for advanced interventional strategies and tailored management protocols to improve outcomes.
Frequency of Contrast Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Primary PCI
Authors: Muhammad Afzal  , Noman Pervez  , Fazal Ur Rehman  , Abdul Ghaffar Khan  , Muhammad Hashim  , Syed Abdul Bari  , Rawindar Kumar  , Sana Ullah Kakar
Published: January 2025

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a critical complication of iodinated contrast media used in diagnostic and interventional procedures, particularly primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study investigated the incidence of CIN and its associated risk factors in patients undergoing primary PCI. A sample of 120 patients was assessed, with CIN defined as a 25% or 0.5 mg/dL increase in serum creatinine within 48–72 hours post-contrast exposure. The findings revealed a CIN incidence of 15% (n = 18), aligning with reported rates in high-risk populations. Key risk factors identified included diabetes, present in 66.67% of CIN cases, and pre-existing renal impairment (eGFR < 60 mL/min), observed in 55.56% of cases. Hemodynamic instability, marked by hypotensive episodes, was documented in 33.33% of CIN patients, while 77.78% received >200 mL of contrast media, highlighting a dose-dependent risk. Preventive measures such as pre-procedural hydration and the use of low-osmolar contrast agents showed limited efficacy, with only 22.22% of CIN patients adequately hydrated. Adjunctive therapies, including statins and N-acetylcysteine, demonstrated minimal protective effects. The results underscore the need for robust preventive strategies, including stringent hydration protocols and minimizing contrast media usage, particularly in high-risk groups. CIN remains a significant contributor to acute kidney injury and adverse outcomes, emphasizing the importance of targeted risk mitigation and further research into innovative therapeutic interventions. This study highlights the critical role of personalized care approaches in reducing CIN incidence and improving post-PCI outcomes.
Charting New Horizons: Innovation Meets Sustainability in Business
Authors: Sahani Tanwangini
Published: January 2025

In the face of escalating environmental challenges and rapid technological advancements, the convergence of innovation and sustainability has become a strategic imperative for businesses worldwide. This synergy offers transformative potential, enabling companies to meet the dual objectives of economic growth and environmental stewardship. Innovation, characterized by the creation and implementation of new ideas, processes, and products, serves as a catalyst for competitive advantage, operational efficiency, and market expansion. Simultaneously, sustainability focuses on ecological, social, and economic health, ensuring practices meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to thrive. This study explores the intersection of these two concepts, particularly how emerging technologies foster sustainable innovation across diverse sectors such as renewable energy, green technologies, and the circular economy. The research aims to evaluate successful case studies where businesses have integrated sustainability into their innovation processes, yielding benefits such as cost savings, enhanced brand reputation, and increased resilience against market volatility. Furthermore, the study proposes actionable frameworks for embedding sustainability into the innovation lifecycle, overcoming challenges, and addressing barriers to adoption. By prioritizing sustainability within the innovation process, businesses can contribute to a more resilient, equitable future while simultaneously enhancing their competitiveness and long-term success.
A Day in the Life of an MSL Powered by AI: Combining AI Technologies to Transform Training
Authors: Lamb Nick
Published: January 2025

The pharmaceutical industry is at a pivotal moment, where Medical Science Liaisons (MSLs) must navigate increasingly complex scientific landscapes and deliver precise, timely insights to healthcare professionals. Traditional training approaches – particularly standard e-Learning modules – fall short in equipping MSLs to meet these evolving demands. This review introduces a revolutionary concept: an AI-powered training platform that reimagines MSL development through the seamless integration of multiple advanced technologies. Using a “day in the life” narrative, the proposed platform demonstrates how the convergence of Generative AI, Retrieval-Augmented Generation, Multimodal AI, and AI Agents creates a dynamic learning ecosystem tailored to individual MSL needs. Blockchain technology ensures secure progress tracking, Federated Learning enables privacy-compliant, regionalized training delivery, while Explainable AI fosters trust through transparent, AI-driven recommendations. This analysis highlights the platform’s ability to address fundamental limitations in current training methodologies by offering MSLs personalized learning pathways, real-time decision support, and interactive engagement tools. Furthermore, the scalability of this innovative approach is explored, extending its potential to other pharmaceutical roles, such as sales representatives and compliance professionals. By redefining professional development, this conceptual platform provides a blueprint for leveraging AI to transform training in life sciences.
The Effect of Secondary Metabolism Content in Plant Leaves on Mung Bean Seed Germination
Authors: Mina Arinta Putri  , Firman Ali Rahman  , Muhammad Yul Fikry  , Mai Rizali  , Muamar Kadafin
Published: January 2025

Secondary metabolites are a class of compounds contained in the bodies of microorganisms, flora and fauna which are formed from primary metabolic processes. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of metabolism in plants on the germination process of green beans. The method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis research approach, data collection using observation and documentation. The results of observations made in the provision of different water, where the green beans treated with well water grew very quickly, the green beans treated with cassava leaf water grew quite well, while the green beans treated with papaya water and guava leaf water grew slowly.
Ethnobotic Study Of Medicinal Plants In Suranadi Village, West Lombok Regency
Authors: Gitta Safitri Idmulya Ade Kayanti  , Niechi Valentino  , Rahmat Mulyadin
Published: January 2025

Ethnobotany is an interaction between society and its environment, specifically referring to plants and the study of their utilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of medicinal plants utilized by the community in Suranadi Village. Data collection through in-depth interviews to obtain information about the types of medicinal plants used and direct observation in the field. Based on the results of the study, 47 plant species from 33 families were obtained that were utilized as traditional medicine. The most numerous family is Zingiberaceae with a percentage of 9%. The most widely utilized part of the plant is the leaves as much as 53%. Plant habitus is dominated by herbs as much as 32%, and the status of plants used as medicine is mostly cultivated as much as 68% with the most common processing method, namely by boiling and then drinking.
Analysis Of The Environmental Impact Of Floating Net Cage Waste On The Water Quality Of Ekas Bay West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
Authors: Lalu Kinayung Purbajati  , Heri Murtawan  , Samsul Bahri  , Charlis Palupi  , Alfian Pujian Hadi  , Firman Ali Rahman
Published: January 2025

The living environment given by God Almighty to the Indonesian people is a gift that must be developed and preserved. The aim is that the environment can support the lives of the nation, people and other living creatures and improve the overall quality of life. Floating Net Cage  technology is a very productive and intensive aquaculture method, with a structure consisting of several net cages placed on floating rafts in coastal waters. This article was written using the library research method, namely by codifying scientific sources from various journals and articles with the same data and then combining them to obtain information about the impact of feed waste from floating net cage cultivation. Intensive cultivation in floating net cage produces waste that is discharged into the aquatic environment and can significantly affect water quality. The waste load from floating net cage  cultivation can cause the loss of seagrass beds (Posidonia oceanica). Another impact is a decrease in the diversity of infauna in sediments and degradation of the bottom of the waters. Steps that can be taken to prevent environmental pollution in floating net cage cultivation are by paying attention to several aspects such as the use of quality and effective feed, and minimizing leftover feed that is wasted into the sea and using the right amount thus reducing pollution.
Analysis of Allelopathic Content in Acacia auriculiformis and Melia azadirachtah on Mung Bean Germination
Authors: Firman Ali Rahman  , Taufik Arianto  , Tabitha Sri Hartati Wulandari  , Sulistijorini
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the effect of allelopathy from leaf extracts of Acacia auriculiformis and Melia azadirachta on the germination of mung beans (Vigna radiata). Alleleopathy is a biological phenomenon in which chemical compounds released by certain plants affect the growth and development of other plants. This study used an experimental method with various concentrations of leaf extracts of the two tree species (0%, 10%, 20%, and 40%). The parameters observed included germination percentage, growth rate, root length, and mung bean bud length. The results showed that the increase in the concentration of Acacia auriculiformis and Melia azadirachta leaf extracts  significantly inhibited the germination process and early growth of mung beans. Allelopathic compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and total phenols are thought to be the main cause of the barrier. Growth and development in acacia leaf extraction (Acacia auriculiformis) showed that the growth and development of green bean seeds experienced rapid growth, even exceeding growth in the control treatment. The difference in concentration in the analysis of further tests of neem leaf extraction and acacia gave a quite significant effect, in acacia leaf extraction there was no major effect on germination, but in neem leaf extraction on green beans which was given a negative effect on germination which at a concentration of 40% was much slower compared to other concentrations.
Effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine coadministered with hyperbaric bupivacaine in the lower abdominal surgery: Results of a double-blind, randomized, and controlled trial between two different doses
Authors: Rajdip Hazra  , Manoj Mistry  , Sanjay Maitra  , Koustav Mondal
Published: January 2025

Background: Although various adjuvants have been added to local anesthetic agents to potentiate its effect, dexmedetomidine is a relatively new drug with only a fewer studies.
Aims and Objectives: The present study has been conducted to compare the efficacy of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine alone with dexmedetomidine of two different doses as adjuvants in spinal anesthesia for the lower abdominal surgery.
Materials and Methods: This was a double-blinded, randomized, and controlled trial. Total 120 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, 70 male and 50 female, aged between 20 and 60 years, were randomized into three groups receiving 15 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with normal saline, 4 μg (microgram) dexmedetomidine, and 2 μg dexmedetomidine, respectively, administered intrathecally.
Results: There was significant difference among all three groups with regard to the onset of sensory block and time to reach the highest level of sensory block. Time to reach T10 dermatome, time to reach Bromage 3 motor block, the mean regression time to S1 dermatome level, the mean regression time to reach Bromage 0, and time to first requirement of rescue analgesia – all these variables showed significance when 4 μg dexmedetomidine additive group was compared with 2 μg dexmedetomidine additive group and bupivacaine alone group.
Conclusion: In our double-blinded, randomized, and controlled trial, 4 μg intrathecal dexmedetomidine coadministered with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine showed superior efficacy. Further, larger trials are needed to confirm our findings.
Current Prescribing Practices in Bacterial Skin Infections in a Tertiary care hospital- A Prospective study
Authors: Syamala Dimma  , Lakshmana Chintala  , Swathi Ratnam Regidi  , Sanuvada Vijay Rama Raja Sekhar
Published: January 2025

Background: Skin diseases of microbial etiology are caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and ectoparasites, of which bacterial infections are most common than others. Antibiotic resistance among the micro-organisms is developing due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics and irrational prescription of drugs.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess various aspects of prescription pattern and rational use of antibiotics for bacterial infections in the department of dermatology.
Materials and Methods: A prospective analysis of 120 patients attending Dermatology Out Patient Department, at Government Medical College, Srikakulam, for 16 months (June 2017–September 2018) was carried out to analyze the usage of antibiotics through various routes to treat dermatological infections. The number of antibiotics prescribed, their name, class of drug, frequency and route of administration, and duration were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Among the study population, 55.9% were male and 44.1% were female. Acne vulgaris (25%) is the most common condition, for which antibiotics were prescribed followed by impetigo (16.66%). Most commonly prescribed systemic antibiotics were penicillins (51.66%) followed by macrolides (18.33%). Most commonly prescribed topical antibiotic was mupirocin (33.33%) followed by clindamycin (25%). The most preferred route of antibiotic administration was oral route (62.44%).
Conclusion: Prescription pattern of antibiotics in this study proved that dermatologists followed rationality and contributed their part to curb the spread of antibiotic resistance. Periodic screening of drug prescribing pattern studies should be done to rationalize the prescription, to reduce errors, and to increase therapeutic benefits and cost-effective management.
Changing trends in microbiological profile in patients with active chronic suppurative otitis media in rural based tertiary care hospital
Authors: Debarati Bhaumik  , Ganesh Chandra Gayen  , Ritam Ray
Published: January 2025

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a major health issue in developing countries causing persistant problem and may lead to life-threatening complications. This major health issue and its complications can be best avoided by early and effective treatment based on the knowledge of causative micro-organisms and their antimicrobial sensitivity which ensures prompt clinical recovery.
Aims and Objectives: The aim is to study the recent microbiological pattern of patients with active CSOM and to determine the in vitro antibiotic sensitivity pattern in order to scientifically guide the patient management rather than trying emperical therapy alone.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Otorhinolaryngology and Microbiology Department of a Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Burdwan, a tertiary care hospital in Burdwan from January 2019 to December 2020 and 117 clinically diagnosed cases of COM were included in this study after through history taking and meticulous clinical examination. Two Aural swabs were collected from the affected ear by an ENT specialist as outpatient department procedure, under strict aseptic precautions using sterile swabs, after cleaning external auditory canal with a spirit swab. In cases with bilateral disease, ear swabs were taken separately from both the ears. Pus swabs collected were immediately sent to microbiology department for aerobic culture and sensitivity as well as mycological study as per standard procedure.
Results: In the present study, the predominant organism which was isolated from the ear swabs of this region was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. P. aeruginosa showed maximum susceptibility to Colistin, Aztreonam, Piperacillin, and Tazobactum, Polymixin B in decreasing order and showed moderate sensitivity to Levofloxacin and Ceftazidime. Amikacin is found to be the most effective antibiotic against Proteus and Klebsiella spp. isolated from CSOM patients.
Conclusion: Knowledge of the local microorganism pattern and their antibiotic sensitivity is essential to allow effective and cost saving treatment to patients who will lead to reduction in morbidity and mortality.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anesthesia in a 5-year-old child: A case report
Authors: Rajdip Hazra  , Avijit Roymondol
Published: January 2025

Symptomatic cholelithiasis in pediatric patients should be dealt with cholecystectomy. Due to its minimally invasive nature, laparoscopic approach is better than conventional open approach. Although safety of spinal anesthesia (SA) in adult laparoscopic surgeries including cholecystectomy is well established, its use in pediatric laparoscopic surgeries is extremely limited with only a few studies being published till date. Here, we report a case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in a 5-year-old child which was successfully managed with SA. This may be the very first case report of pediatric LC under SA.
Correlation of multiparametric MRI (PIRADS grading) and apparent diffusion coefficient values in prostate tumor with Gleason score
Authors: Ravina Saini  , Aditi Vohra  , Amit Jain  , Harneet Narula  , Harneet Kadyan  , Sanjay Singh
Published: January 2025

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of prostate is the radiological investigation of choice for the evaluation of prostatic tumors.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of mpMRI using PIRADS 2.1 grading and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values as a non-invasive investigation in the detection of prostatic tumors and to correlate PIRADS grade and ADC values with Gleason score of prostate cancer (prostate Ca).
Materials and Methods: Fifty patients above the age of 50 years presenting with signs and symptoms of prostate Ca were enrolled for the study. All patients were subjected to the mpMRI including ADC values and then all underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies. The post-biopsy Gleason score was correlated with PIRADS grading and ADC values followed by statistical correlation.
Results: There was a positive linear association between PIRADS score and serum prostate-specific antigen levels (+0.433) and inverse relationship between mean tumor ADC values and Gleason score with correlation coefficient of −0.846 (P<0.001). There was a positive linear association between the PI-RADS score and Gleason score (correlation coefficient of +0.739 with P<0.001). In addition, the positive predictive value of mpMRI was 78.79%, while the negative predictive value was 84.34%.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that mpMRI with PIRADS grading including ADC values assists in targeting the appropriate biopsy site for better characterization of the prostate Ca as it correlates well with the Gleason score.
Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among whole blood donors at Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura Srinagar
Authors: Rubiya Ryhan  , Hilal Ahmad Tali  , Falak Ara  , Irshad Ahmad Tali  , Kaneez Fatima  , Shabir Ahmad Shiekh
Published: January 2025

Background: Blood transfusion has become a specialized modality of patient management and every year saves the millions of lives. However, it is not always safe and may lead to many life threatening complications among which transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) such as hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are most significant and detrimental for the recipients. Hence, an integrated strategy for blood safety is required for the elimination of TTIs and or provision of safe and adequate blood transfusion services to the people.
Aims and Objectives: To assess the seroprevalence of HIV infections among whole blood donors at Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based study carried in the postgraduate department of blood transfusion and immunohematology SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar over a period of 7 years from January 2015 to December 2021. All donor samples were screened for HIV by the ELISA method.
Results: Overall, seroprevalence of HIV was found to be 0.013%. All the positive cases were male donors. Seroprevalence was the highest among replacement donors (0.011%) as compared to voluntary donors (0.001 %).
Conclusion: It is very important to continue the screening of donated blood with highly sensitive and specific tests and to counsel donors who are reactive to any of the infectious diseases (like HIV, hepatitis B virus, HCV, syphilis, or malaria) and conduct extensive public awareness programs and measures to make transfusion of blood and blood components safe.
Association of ocular psuedoexfoliation syndrome with ischemic heart disease, systemic hypertension, and diabetes mellitus Type II in Bundelkhand region: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Jitendra Kumar  , Archie Gupta  , Nilima Takhelchangbam  , Aditya Pandey
Published: January 2025

Background: Studies exploring the links between ischemic heart disease (IHD), arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus (DM), and pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) have yielded no clear evidence and attributing PEX to any one particular disease.
Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of PEX syndrome and its association with IHD, AH, and DM at our center.
Materials and Methods: The study comprised of participants (n=102) having IHD, AH and DM. Demographic details and clinical history in detail were written down in a structured proforma. Participants in the study were examined for the diagnosis of PEX syndrome with slit lamp bi microscopy as well as direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. For numerical variables, descriptive statistics comprised mean and standard deviation, and for categorical variables, the percentage of various categories. To compare categorical variables, Chi-square (χ2) test was utilized.
Results: The prevalence of PEX in our study came out to be 17.64% (18 of the 102). Patients of PEX were in the age group of 61–70 years, that is, 8 (44.44%) and were males, that is, 11 (61.11%). The percentage of systemic hypertension patients who had PEX syndrome was 35.29% with statistical significant association (χ2=10.9; P=0.001). The percentages of IHD and DM patients with PEX syndrome were 11.76% (χ2=1.214; P=0.270) and 5.88% (χ2=3.718; P=0.053), respectively, the statistical association was a non-significant one.
Conclusion: People above 40 years should undergo routine ophthalmological examinations for the detection of PEX Syndrome. Patients diagnosed with hypertension should be given a thorough ophthalmological examination to rule out PEX syndrome.
Breast fine-needle aspiration cytology reporting using international academy of cytology Yokohama system: A single institution experience
Authors: Sreevidyalatha GM  , Balaji TG  , Manjunath L  , Shashikala P Krishnamurthy
Published: January 2025

Background: Worldwide breast malignancy is the major cause for mortality among women. Screening and early detection are crucial. Grey zones of uncertainty in cytomorphological differentiation of benign from malignant lesions can be overcome by Yokohama system of classification.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) To categorize Breast fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples according to the international academy of cytology (IAC) Yokohama system. (2) To assess the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 144 breast FNAC cases with histopathological diagnosis was done based on Yokohama System from January 2018 to December 2020. ROM in each category was calculated. The study results were analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) considering histological diagnosis as the gold standard.
Results: Recategorization of 144 cases with histopathological diagnosis was done according to Yokohama system as insufficient material, benign, atypical, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant. The respective ROM for each category was, 7.6% for Category-1 (Insufficient), 15.26% for Category-2 (Benign), 65.38% for Category-3 (Atypical), 83.33% for Category-4 (Suspicious), and 99.18% for Category-5 (Malignant). Considering malignant cases as positive, sensitivity – 86.75%, specificity – 97.32%, PPV – 99.19%, NPV – 66.06%, and accuracy of 88.96% were deduced.
Conclusion: Incorporation of IAC Yokohama system to categorize breast cytopathology using uniform terminologies provides diagnostic clarity, consistency, and accuracy in reporting, which in turn helps the clinician to predict the ROM and patient outcome.
Hepatosplenic fusion in a cadaver - An extremely rare variation
Authors: Anasuya Ghosh  , Amit Kumar Pal
Published: January 2025

Anatomical variations are observed at times during routine dissection processes or conduction of autopsies or may be found incidentally during radiological investigations. Fusion of the liver and spleen is an extremely rare condition that has been mentioned only a few times in the literature. “Beaver tail liver” is a variation of the liver where the left lobe of the liver is elongated and extends across the midline toward left hypochondrium of abdomen, often touching and encircling the spleen. Some of these cases may mimic hemorrhage and trauma within and around the spleen in ultrasound imaging or computed tomography scan. In certain cases, the liver and the spleen are difficult to distinguish due to their identical sonographic and radiological properties. Prior knowledge of such instances will help to interpret and manage such cases when encountered.
Vitamin D as a biomarker in predicting sepsis outcome at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Anirban Ghosh  , Mukhyaprana Prabhu M  , Krishnananda Prabhu  , Mohit Changani  , Neel Patel  , Vijetha Shenoy Belle
Published: January 2025

Background: Vitamin D has proven immunomodulatory effects. As per the literature, there is a vitamin D deficiency observed in critically ill sepsis patients.
Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to study the association of vitamin D levels at the time of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) with mortality and various indices of sepsis assessment like the simplified acute physiology score (SAPS II) along with the age-unadjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and procalcitonin.
Materials and Methods: A single centric, observational-longitudinal study was conducted in the ICU with patients of sepsis (n=96). Vitamin D was measured at the time of admission to the ICU. Controls were taken from age- and gender-matched patients without sepsis and with no premorbid illnesses. The objectives of the current study were to assess SAPS II and CCI scores and their predicted mortality amongst various categories of vitamin D levels at the time of admission, to correlate various categories of vitamin D levels with hospital stay and complications or hazards and to assess the sensitivity of vitamin D for prediction of sepsis outcome.
Results: The case cohort and controls had average vitamin D levels of 15.33 ng/dL and 41.11 ng/dL, respectively. Patients with vitamin D deficiency had longer hospital and ICU stays and greater rates of morbidity. Observations showed no correlation between vitamin D and serum albumin, WBC count, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, or HDL. The level of vitamin D at the time of admission to the ICU was observed to be highly sensitive (90.6%) to predicting the mortality rates in the ICU due to sepsis.
Conclusion: Measurement of vitamin D at the time of admission may be a possible indicator for prediction of sepsis mortality and hospital and ICU length of stay for ICU-admitted patients with sepsis.
Clinical and quality of life outcomes following reduction mammoplasty for symptomatic macromastia among Sri Lankan women: A prospective observational study
Authors: Kanchana Wijesinghe  , Umesh Jayarajah  , Malllawaarchchige Gayan Ranjan Mallawaarachchi  , Sumali Hirunika De Silva  , Thathya Thamarasie Wardana De Silva  , Ananthmoorthy Krishnamoorthy  , Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Shihanie Rubeka  , Ajith De Silva
Published: January 2025

Background: The impact of macromastia is unfortunately underestimated among developing South Asian countries. However, it remains a common cause of physical and emotional suffering among women.
Aims and Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of reduction mammoplasty in alleviating symptoms of macromastia and its impact on quality of life (QOL) among Sri Lanka females.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted among 48 patients who underwent reduction mammoplasty in a surgical unit in Sri Lanka. SF-36 questionnaire and a Visual Analog Scale were used to assess QOL and pain. The outcomes were assessed 1 week prior and at 2 weeks and 6 months after surgery.
Results: Median age was 43 years and the median body mass index was 26.8 kg/m2. The average duration of symptoms was 2 years. All patients initially were reluctant to seek medical advice. Only 10.4% of patients were aware of the availability of treatment. Wise-pattern reduction mammoplasty was performed in 79.2%. There was a significant reduction in pain following surgery. There was also an improvement in all domains of the QOL following surgery, especially in general health, pain, and physical functions.
Conclusion: Reduction of mammoplasty caused a significant improvement in the overall QOL with the reduction in pain for patients suffering from macromastia. Creating more awareness among the public to encourage women to discuss breast-related symptoms and to overcome sociocultural taboos is a timely necessity.
Illuminating oncology research by bioluminescent imaging
Authors: Tryambak Pratap Srivastava  , Ruby Dhar  , Om Saswat Sahoo  , Hiya Aidasani  , Avdesh Rai  , Arun Kumar  , Subhradip Karmakar
Published: January 2025

Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) has emerged as a powerful tool in cancer research, allowing for non-invasive, real-time monitoring of various aspects of cancer biology in vivo. This technique relies on the expression of bioluminescent reporter genes in cancer cells, enabling the visualization of tumor growth, metastasis, and response to treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of the principles underlying BLI, its applications in cancer research, and the potential advantages and limitations of this technology.
Correlation of cervical cancers with long-term use of hormonal oral contraceptive pills - A retrospective observational multicentric study in suburban-based medical colleges in West Bengal
Authors: Partha Sarathi Mitra  , Medhatithi Barman  , Pramit Goswami  , Jayita Saha  , Debjit Saha
Published: January 2025

Background: Hormonal oral contraceptive pills (OCP) may increase the risk of carcinoma cervix by changing the susceptibility of cervical cells to persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus. There is a causal and promoting association with long-term use of these pills for more than 5 years of use, and the association is diminished 10 years after last use.
Aims and Objectives: In this study, retrospective data were collected to analyze the risk of association of carcinoma cervix with hormonal contraceptive pill use.
Materials and Methods: Interview-based retrospective observational study to enquire about the history of hormonal OCP use and duration of intake in all diagnosed cases of cervical carcinoma attending gynecology and oncology outpatient departments over the period of 2 years in two medical colleges in suburban West Bengal.
Results: Of the total 401 subjects, 119 have a history of intake of hormonal OCPs, and 198 have a history of other methods of contraception. Among the subjects, 67.58% had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 31.67% had adenocarcinoma of the cervix, and 0.75% had other varieties. There is no correlation between the duration of hormonal OCP use and SCC cervix (P=0.269), whereas there is a significant correlation between adenocarcinoma of the cervix and duration of intake of hormonal OCP (P=0.002).
Conclusion: Studies have shown that women who have used OCPs for 5 or more years have a higher risk of cervical cancer than women who have never used oral contraceptives. This study reported a statistically significant increase in the relative risk of adenoca of the cervix but not of the SCC of the cervix, even after long-term use of hormonal OCPs.
Relationship between dermatoglyphics and blood group of male and female first-year medical students at Rama Medical College, Kanpur
Authors: Hamid Ansari  , Mohammad Faizan Ansari  , Medha Das
Published: January 2025

Background: Apart from the flexion crease and secondary folds, dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of naturally existing epidermal ridges and their arrangement on the digits, palms, and soles. In medicolegal cases, fingerprints can be used to identify suspects, victims, and other people who touch a surface as well as to diagnose inherited diseases. ABO blood group is divided into A, B, AB, and O. ABO type is determined by two antigens and two antibodies. Due to the presence or absence of the D antigen, it is further divided into Rh-positive and Rh-negative.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to find correlation between ABO and Rh blood group with dermatoglyphic pattern in human beings.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 107 medical students studying at RMCHRC, Kanpur, UP, India. Rubber stamp ink pads were utilized to smear each finger. Imprints were obtained, and each fingerprint pattern was inspected and documented using a strong hand lens on a sturdy white piece of paper.
Results: Among 1070 fingerprint patterns studied, the most common pattern observed was whorl. This pattern was present in 226 male’s digits (49.23%) and 233 female’s digits (50.26%), totaling to 459 forming 42.89% of the total patterns observed. B + blood group was the most common blood group present with whorl pattern, seen in 92 males and 99 females.
Conclusion: This study shows the association between the distribution of dermatoglyphics, ABO, Rh blood group, and gender.
Study of cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase activity for differential diagnosis of tuberculous and non-tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Seema Agarwal  , Santosh Varma  , Akhil Agarwal
Published: January 2025

Background: Diagnosing a case of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) has always been challenging. Numerous previous studies have demonstrated that cerebrospinal fluid-Adenosine deaminase (CSF-ADA) estimation is useful in the diagnosis of TBM and can differentiate TBM from other types of meningitis.
Aims and Objectives: The current study aims to look for a simple, rapid, cost-effective, and specific test to differentiate tubercular etiology from other causes of meningitis.
Materials and Methods: A total of 80 patients admitted to the hospital with signs and symptoms of meningitis were selected and divided into two groups: Group 1 (Cases): 40 patients of TBM, Group 2 (Control): 40 patients of pyogenic and viral meningitis. The CSF ADA was estimated by enzymatic method, CSF Protein by turbidimetric method, and CSF Glucose by Glucose oxidase (GOD) and Peroxidase (POD) method.
Results: CSF ADA levels (mean ± SD) in the TBM and non-TBM groups were 10.874+7.72 IU/L and 2.44+1.757 IU/L, respectively (highly significant, P<0.001). With the CSF ADA cut off as >6 IU/L, the sensitivity of the test was 95%, and the specificity of 92.5%. On comparison of the values of CSF ADA in the two groups, the t value is −6.75, and the difference in these two values was found to be highly significant (P<0.01).
Conclusion: ADA estimation in CSF is a simple, inexpensive, rapid, and specific method for making a diagnosis of tuberculous etiology in TBM. As a screening test, the determination of ADA activity in CSF can help the physician diagnose TBM early and reduce irreversible brain damage and neurologic sequelae by early administration of anti-tuberculous medications.
A clinical, comparative, prospective, and observational study of two different ratios of ketamine and propofol in short surgical procedures at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Muralidhara KS  , Shivakumar G  , Santhosh MCB  , Shashwatha N Gowda
Published: January 2025

Background: Ketamine and propofol are two medications commonly used for procedural sedation because they possess many of the desired characteristics including rapid induction and recovery. The opposing physiologic effects of ketamine and propofol suggest the potential for synergy, and this has led to an interest in their combined use, commonly termed “Ketofol.” The purpose of this study is to compare two different proportions of ketamine and propofol, 1:2 and 1:3 in short surgical procedures.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the quality of analgesia, level of sedation, and respiratory and hemodynamic parameters of two different proportions of ketamine and propofol in the ratio of 1:2 and 1:3 in short surgical procedures.
Materials and Methods: After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics and scientific committee, with IEC no.MIMS/IEC/2021/474 dated February 23, 2021, 86 consenting patients of 18–60 years categorized under American Society of Anesthesiologists Category I and II undergoing elective short surgical procedures lasting for about 20 min were selected. The study patients were divided into two groups of 43 each by convenient sampling method. In Group A, 43 patients received 1 mL of ketamine (50 mg/mL) mixed with 10 mL of 100 mg propofol (10 mg/mL). In Group B, 43 patients received 30 mg of ketamine mixed with 9 mL of 90 mg propofol (10 mg/mL). Non-invasive blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, Ramsay Sedation Score, Modified Aldrete Score, and any incidence of side effects were recorded.
Results: The quality of analgesia and level of sedation was achieved better in Group A compared to Group B. No significant difference was observed between the two groups with respect to hemodynamic and respiratory parameters.
Conclusion: The combination of propofol and ketamine has several benefits such as hemodynamic stability, lack of respiratory depression, good recovery, and potent procedural analgesia. Ketofol 1:2 proportion is comparatively better and can be used safely in short surgical procedures.
A comparative study on sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of clonidine and dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper extremity surgery
Authors: Anamitra Mandal  , Sourav Naiya  , Sarbari Swaika  , Swarup Datta  , Swapnadeep Sengupta
Published: January 2025

Background: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is widely used peripheral nerve block technique used for surgery of the upper extremity. Several drugs have been used with local anesthetic as adjuvants for rapid, dense, and prolonged analgesia.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to compare the degree of sedation and cardiorespiratory effects of clonidine and dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block.
Materials and Methods: A double-blinded comparative study was done on eighty patients who were randomly allocated equally into two groups and received clonidine and dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine 0.5%. Intraoperative degree of sedation and cardiorespiratory parameters were monitored in regular intervals and compared to find difference.
Results: Heart rate was consistently lower with dexmedetomidine. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures (MAPs) were comparable in both groups at all time points except at 45 min when diastolic and MAP were lower with dexmedetomidine and it was statistically significant. Sedation score in Group D was higher except at 5 min and difference was statistically significant. All patients in both groups were sedated and easily arousable. There was statistically significant difference in peroperative oxygen saturation between the groups although it was clinically not significant.
Conclusion: There was more hemodynamic effect of dexmedetomidine than clonidine but these effects can be managed by medication easily. In addition to this, it was found that dexmedetomidine provides conscious sedation without any respiratory depression. Comparing the risk and benefit dexmedetomidine can be used with local anesthetic in supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper extremity surgery.