bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HD 22496 b: The first ESPRESSO stand-alone planet discovery
Authors: Lillo-Box J. , Faria J. P. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Figueira P. , Sousa S. G. , Tabernero H. , Lovis C. , Silva A. M. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Benatti S. , Santos N. C. , Mehner A. , Pepe F. A. , Sozzetti A. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , González Hernández J. I. , Micela G. , Hojjatpanah S. , Rebolo R. , Cristiani S. , Adibekyan V. , Allart R. , Allende Prieto C. , Cabral A. , Damasso M. , Di Marcantonio P. , Lo Curto G. , Martins C. J. A. P. , Megevand D. , Molaro P. , Nunes N. J. , Pallé E. , Pasquini L. , Poretti E. , Udry S.
Published: September 2021

Context. The ESPRESSO spectrograph is a new powerful tool developed to detect and characterize extrasolar planets. Its design allows an unprecedented radial velocity precision (down to a few tens of cm s−1) and long-term thermomechanical stability.

Aims. We present the first stand-alone detection of an extrasolar planet by blind radial velocity search using ESPRESSO; our aim is to show the power of the instrument in characterizing planetary signals at different periodicities in long observing time spans.

Methods. We used 41 ESPRESSO measurements of HD 22496 obtained within a time span of 895 days with a median photon noise of 18 cm s−1. A radial velocity analysis was performed to test the presence of planets in the system and to account for the stellar activity of this K5-K7 main-sequence star. For benchmarking and comparison, we attempted the detection with 43 archive HARPS measurements and in this work we compare the results yielded by the two datasets. We also used four TESS sectors to search for transits.

Results. We find radial velocity variations compatible with a close-in planet with an orbital period of P = 5.09071 ± 0.00026 days when simultaneously accounting for the effects of stellar activity on longer timescales (Prot = 34.99−0.53+0.58 days). We characterize the physical and orbital properties of the planet and find a minimum mass of 5.57−0.68+0.73 M⊕, right in the dichotomic regime between rocky and gaseous planets. Although not transiting according to TESS data, if aligned with the stellar spin axis, the absolute mass of the planet must be below 16 M⊕. We find no significant evidence for additional signals in the data with semi-amplitudes above 56 cm s−1 at 95% confidence.

Conclusions. With a modest set of radial velocity measurements, ESPRESSO is capable of detecting and characterizing low-mass planets and constraining the presence of planets in the habitable zone of K dwarfs down to the rocky-mass regime.
Radiotherapie des Prostatakarzinoms: Kontrolle der
Blasenfüllung
Authors: Schweiger Mara Y. , Scherer Philipp P.
Published: September 2021

Bei der Radiotherapie von Prostatakarzinomen ist ein konstantes Blasenvolumen
notwendig. Die Kontrolle kann mittels Ultraschallgerät erfolgen. Die
Vorteile gegenüber einer Cone-Beam-CT liegen in der Zeit- und
Dosisersparnis. Ein regelmäßiges Feedback hilft den Patienten,
das Blasenvolumen vor der Bestrahlung einzuschätzen. Dieser Artikel
erläutert die Rolle der Blase bei Prostatabestrahlungen und wie das
Volumen kontrolliert werden kann.
Interventionen früh beginnen – Mobilität von Kindern mit Zerebralparese
Authors: Lieber Jan , Marsico Petra , Labruyère Rob
Published: September 2021

Die Zerebralparese ist die häufigste Ursache für körperliche Behinderungen im frühen Kindesalter. Sie begleitet die betroffenen Menschen für den Rest ihres Lebens. In diesem Überblick erfahren Sie, wie sich die Mobilität bei Zerebralparese entwickeln kann und wie wichtig es ist, dass auch Kinder schon frühzeitig ihr größtmögliches Potenzial ausschöpfen.
Interview: Drei Fragen an Prof. Helmut Frister
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: September 2021

Prof. Dr. Helmut Frister hat den Lehrstuhl für Strafrecht und Strafprozessrecht an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf inne und ist dort auch geschäftsführender Direktor des Instituts für Rechtsfragen der Medizin.
Alexianer wachsen weiter: Im Zweifel die Freiheit
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: September 2021

Mit dem Versprechen, ihre Traditionen zu erhalten, sind die Alexianer für viele kriselnde Krankenhäuser ein begehrter Partner. Dezentralität in bundesweit elf Regionen ist das Prinzip in Münster. Der katholische Gesundheitskonzern wächst konstant weiter und gibt sich dafür jetzt eine neue Führungsstruktur.
Interview: „Wir wollen das Bewusstsein der Industrie schärfen“
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: September 2021

Der Vorsitzende des VDI-Fachausschusses „Management hygienisch relevanter Flächen in medizinischen Einrichtungen“, Prof. Dr. Clemens Bulitta, informiert im Gespräch über die Ziele der neuen Richtlinie für hygienisches Design und die Arbeit des Fachausschusses.
‘I Wish Someone Would Ask Me Questions’: The Unheard Voices of Adolescents with Disabilities in Jordan
Authors: Odeh Kifah Bani , Jones Nicola , Pincock Kate , Malachowska Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

The Sustainable Development Goals and the Leave No One Behind agenda involve a commitment to ensure the participation of persons with disabilities in all aspects of family and community life. This article explores the experiences of Palestinian and Syrian refugee adolescents with disabilities in Jordan in two domains of life: access to education, and their capacity to exercise voice and agency. The findings show that disability intersects with citizenship status and place of residence (camp vs village or city alongside the host community) to reinforce marginality for certain groups of adolescents with disabilities. Across the board, we find low educational aspirations and learning outcomes among adolescents with disabilities, and markedly lower social connectivity—but greater risk of violence by peers. To address these unequal outcomes, we reflect on the importance of developing more inclusive formal and non-formal education services to promote the participation of adolescents with disabilities, and investments in better training and awareness raising for parents, teachers and peers alike.
Mapping out-of-school adolescents and youths in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Alegana V. A. , Pezzulo C. , Tatem A. J. , Omar B. , Christensen A.
Published: September 2021

Education is a human right and a driver of development, but, is still not accessible for a vast number of adolescents and school-age-youths. Out-of-school adolescents and youth rates (SDG 4.3.1) in lower and middle-income countries have been at a virtual halt for almost a decade. Thus, there is an increasing need to understand geographic variation on accessibility and school attendance to aid in reducing inequalities in education. Here, the aim was to estimate physical accessibility and secondary school non-attendance amongst adolescents and school-age youths in Tanzania, Cambodia, and the Dominican Republic. Community cluster survey data were triangulated with the spatial location of secondary schools, non-proprietary geospatial data and fine-scale population maps to estimate accessibility to all levels of secondary school education and the number of out-of-school. School attendance rates for the three countries were derived from nationally representative household survey data, and a Bayesian model-based geostatistical framework was used to estimate school attendance at high resolution. Results show a sub-national variation in accessibility and secondary school attendance rates for the three countries considered. Attendance was associated with distance to the nearest school (R2 > 70%). These findings suggest increasing the number of secondary schools could reduce the long-distance commuted to school in low-income and middle-income countries. Future work could extend these findings to fine-scale optimisation models for school location, intervention planning, and understanding barriers associated with secondary school non-attendance at the household level.
Protein–polymer mixtures in the colloid limit: Aggregation, sedimentation, and crystallization
Authors: Cheng Rui , Li Jingwen , Ríos de Anda Ioatzin , Taylor Thomas W. C. , Faers Malcolm A. , Anderson J. L. Ross , Seddon Annela M. , Royall C. Patrick
Published: September 2021

While proteins have been treated as particles with a spherically symmetric interaction, of course in reality, the situation is rather more complex. A simple step toward higher complexity is to treat the proteins as non-spherical particles and that is the approach we pursue here. We investigate the phase behavior of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the addition of a non-adsorbing polymer, polyethylene glycol. From small angle x-ray scattering, we infer that the eGFP undergoes dimerization and we treat the dimers as spherocylinders with aspect ratio L/D − 1 = 1.05. Despite the complex nature of the proteins, we find that the phase behavior is similar to that of hard spherocylinders with an ideal polymer depletant, exhibiting aggregation and, in a small region of the phase diagram, crystallization. By comparing our measurements of the onset of aggregation with predictions for hard colloids and ideal polymers [S. V. Savenko and M. Dijkstra, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 234902 (2006) and Lo Verso et al., Phys. Rev. E 73, 061407 (2006)], we find good agreement, which suggests that the behavior of the eGFP is consistent with that of hard spherocylinders and ideal polymers.
Injection-seeded terahertz-wave parametric generator with timing stabilized excitation for nondestructive testing applications
Authors: Minamide Hiroaki , Nawata Kouji , Moriguchi Yoshikiyo , Takida Yuma , Notake Takashi
Published: September 2021

An injection-seeded terahertz (THz)-wave parametric generator (is-TPG) with a footprint the size of an A3 paper is presented. We improved the measurement performance of the is-TPG source for nondestructive inspection applications. A high pulse repetition rate up to 70 kHz and a low pulse timing jitter of a few tens of picoseconds, which is approximately one ten-thousandth of the conventional is-TPG, were achieved. THz waves exhibited excellent performance with a maximum average output power of 20 µW, a monochromatic spectrum linewidth of ∼20 GHz, and a frequency tuning range of 1.7–3.0 THz. This was achieved by designing the entire system configuration from the pump laser source to THz-wave generation. A new double-pass all-solid-state optical amplifier was developed with a high gain and low noise using an externally pulse-modulated laser diode (LD) as the master oscillator source. An achromatic optical injection system was developed for the is-TPG with a 40% reduction in the conventional path length. They were housed in a single enclosure in two layers. LDs and optical fiber amplifiers could be rack-mounted, and the outputs were delivered to the housing via optical fibers. The developed THz-wave source performed nondestructive imaging of a human hair sample fixed with Scotch tape on a test pattern in an envelope by irradiating 2.1 THz waves. A clearly recognizable THz-wave image of an enclosed hair with a spatial resolution close to the THz wavelength was obtained.
An analysis of flexoelectric coupling associated electroelastic fields in functionally graded semiconductor nanobeams
Authors: Chu Liangliang , Dui Guansuo , Mei Hai , Liu Lisheng , Li Yanbin
Published: September 2021

Strain gradient with strong size dependency and structural association (geometry or microstructure) can efficiently tune the performances of semiconductors by the flexoelectric coupling effect. In this work, we studied a novel asymmetric beam-like semiconductor made by functionally graded (FG) flexoelectric materials. When being applied with pure bending loads at two ends, it can generate a relatively large inhomogeneous strain field to achieve obvious semiconducting behaviors. Unlike the analysis for piezoelectric semiconductor materials, we considered the effects of flexoelectricity and strain gradient elasticity in constitutive equations for flexoelectric semiconductor materials. Then, the complicated mutual coupling governing equations and associated boundary conditions are rederived strictly. By the Fourier series expansion and spatial integration methods, we obtained the solutions of the set of partial differential equations with non-constant coefficients. Results show that the semiconducting electromechanical coupling performances of the beam-like FG flexoelectric semiconductor depend heavily on the ratio and structural distributions of its constituent. Moreover, it is found that the inner carrier distributions and electromechanical characteristics can be significantly tuned by the strain gradient elasticity, the flexoelectricity, and the structural size. We believe this work provides a useful guideline for the practical design and manufacture of novel electromechanical semiconductor devices.
Water sprays formed by impinging millimeter-sized droplets on superhydrophobic meshes
Authors: Sun Lijie , Lin Shiji , Pang Bo , Wang Yile , Li Erqiang , Zu Xiaotao , Zhang Kai , Xiang Xia , Chen Longquan
Published: September 2021

Impinging a millimeter-sized liquid droplet on a leaky substrate—such as a porous mesh—can cause the formation of many small droplets from the ligament fragmentation. Although this phenomenon has been widely considered as a desirable strategy to produce liquid sprays of monodisperse droplets, the underlying mechanism has not yet been completely elucidated, and the spray needs detailed characterization. Herein, we experimentally investigate the atomization phenomena occurring in the recoiling and spreading stages of impinging water droplets on superhydrophobic meshes. We show that the spray formed during droplet recoiling is stimulated by the longitudinally symmetric air cavity collapse on the superhydrophobic mesh, and thus the size of the spray formation area on the mesh is almost identical to the size of the simultaneously generated upward jet. By contrast, the water spray produced during droplet spreading is expelled under the action of the inertia-induced hydrodynamic pressure, and the size of spray formation area on the mesh exhibits a power-law dependence on the Weber number; yet, the pore geometry restricts it to take a constant value when the Weber number is sufficiently high. By performing statistical analyses on the spray droplet sizes, we further demonstrate that the mean sizes of spray droplets are mainly set by the mesh pore sizes, but the complex atomization dynamics leads to a broad size distribution, which is beyond the expectation.
Inkjet-printed bipolar resistive switching device based on Ag/ZnO/Au structure
Authors: Hu Hongrong , Scholz Alexander , Singaraju Surya Abhishek , Tang Yushu , Marques Gabriel Cadilha , Aghassi-Hagmann Jasmin
Published: September 2021

In this Letter, we report an inkjet-printed resistive switching device based on an Ag/ZnO/Au structure. The device exhibits bipolar resistive switching behavior, a low operation voltage of about 0.7 V, a high on/off ratio of 107, a long retention time exceeding 104 s, and good endurance. The conduction mechanism of the device in low and high resistive states was studied and showed good consistency with the theory of Ohmic and space charge limited conduction mechanisms, respectively.
Near-field relaxation subsequent to the onset of oblique detonations with a two-step kinetic model
Authors: Teng Honghui , Ng Hoi Dick , Yang Pengfei , Wang Kuanliang
Published: September 2021

Initiation of an oblique detonation wave (ODW) results in a near-field region of curved detonation wave surface, which cannot be predicted by the detonation polar theory and lacks in-depth work on its features. In this study, Euler equations coupled with a two-step kinetic model are used to simulate ODW dynamics, and then the flow structures are analyzed by examining the asymptotic decay of local surface angle. The flow/reaction coupling is quantified by a non-dimensional Damköhler number Das that is defined as the ratio of the characteristic flow and chemical reaction length along streamlines. The results demonstrate a spectrum of local strong solutions forms, which always happens when the ODW transition pattern is abrupt, but the strong solutions deviate from the isolated strong solution predicted by the polar theory. Furthermore, the abrupt transition leads to a strong peak of Das, while the smooth one leads to a bump. Various simulated cases indicate that the transition pattern becomes abrupt and the local strong solution arises when the maximum Das reaches a critical range.
Fully epitaxial ferroelectric ScGaN grown on GaN by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Wang Ding , Wang Ping , Wang Boyu , Mi Zetian
Published: September 2021

We report on the ferroelectric properties of single-phase wurtzite ScGaN grown on GaN by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Distinct ferroelectric switching behavior was confirmed by detailed electrical characterization. Coercive fields in the range of 2.0–3.0 MV/cm and large, retainable remnant polarization in the range of 60–120 μC/cm2 are unambiguously demonstrated for ScGaN epilayers with Sc contents of 0.31–0.41. Taking advantage of the widely tunable energy bandgap of III-nitride semiconductors, the demonstration of ferroelectricity in ScGaN, together with the recently reported ferroelectric ScAlN, will enable a broad range of emerging applications with combined functionality in ferroelectric, electronic, optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and/or photonic devices and systems.
SAW gas sensor based on extremely thin strain-engineered K0.7Na0.3NbO3 films
Authors: Liang Sijia , Finck Dennis , Neis Marc W. , Schwarzkopf Jutta , Mayer Dirk , Wördenweber Roger
Published: September 2021

In this work, we demonstrate that extremely thin strain-engineered K0.7Na0.3NbO3 (KNN) films are ideal candidates for highly sensitive and also potentially selective surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor applications. The strength of the use of these films in SAW sensors is based on their piezoelectric properties and their thinness. The latter leads to a strong concentration of the SAW energy at the very surface of the sensor's delay line and the generation of higher harmonics with significant amplitudes. Thin epitaxial films of typically 30 nm in thickness are grown via liquid-delivery spin metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy on different (110)-oriented scandate substrates (TbScO3 and GdScO3). The epitaxial strain is induced by the lattice mismatch between a substrate and a film. The SAW signal of thin KNN films and the resulting sensitivity of an SAW thin KNN film sensor are compared with conventional bulk SAW sensors based on LiNbO3 (LN) using identical electrode designs for the generation and detection of the SAW for both systems. Compared to the conventional LN SAW sensor, our KNN-based sensor shows a sensitivity that is approximately 14 times higher. This was achieved using only the third and fifth harmonics. Using even higher harmonics, the improvement could potentially be boosted up to a factor > 40. Moreover, we showed that simultaneous sensor recording of mass loading at different harmonics is possible with the KNN sensor. Similar to other sensor concepts, the resulting multiple signals might provide a fingerprint of the detected material and, thus, lead to a selective detection of the mass load.
Efficient implementations of the symmetric and asymmetric triple excitation corrections for the orbital-optimized coupled-cluster doubles method with the density-fitting approximation
Authors: Alagöz Yavuz , Ünal Aslı , Bozkaya Uğur
Published: September 2021

Efficient implementations of the symmetric and asymmetric triple excitation corrections for the orbital-optimized coupled-cluster doubles (OCCD) method with the density-fitting approach, denoted by DF-OCCD(T) and DF-OCCD(T)Λ, are presented. The computational cost of the DF-OCCD(T) method is compared with that of the conventional OCCD(T). In the conventional OCCD(T) and OCCD(T)Λ methods, one needs to perform four-index integral transformations at each coupled-cluster doubles iterations, which limits its applications to large chemical systems. Our results demonstrate that DF-OCCD(T) provides dramatically lower computational costs compared to OCCD(T), and there are more than 68-fold reductions in the computational time for the C5H12 molecule with the cc-pVTZ basis set. Our results show that the DF-OCCD(T) and DF-OCCD(T)Λ methods are very helpful for the study of single bond-breaking problems. Performances of the DF-OCCD(T) and DF-OCCD(T)Λ methods are noticeably better than that of the coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] method for the potential energy surfaces of the molecules considered. Specifically, the DF-OCCD(T)Λ method provides dramatic improvements upon CCSD(T), and there are 8–14-fold reductions in nonparallelity errors. Overall, we conclude that the DF-OCCD(T)Λ method is very promising for the study of challenging chemical systems, where the CCSD(T) fails.
A theoretical model for studying the nonlinear viscoelastic response of an active fluid undergoing oscillatory shear
Authors: Malvar Sara , Cunha Francisco Ricardo
Published: September 2021

In this work, a nonlinear phenomenological model for neutrally buoyant force-free active suspension of nematodes is proposed and tested. Just a few limited studies were found linked with nonlinear viscoelastic response of the active suspension investigated in this paper. The stress is decomposed through Fourier transform into elastic and viscous stress contributions. The stress response at large strain deviates drastically from the harmonic forcing in a nonlinear regime. In this case, the standard linear viscoelastic moduli cannot describe the nonlinear response of the fluid. Lissajous–Bowditch loops are used as rheological fingerprints to examine the behavior of nonlinear response of the investigated active fluid. The results show time-strain separable nonlinearity, therefore providing a new physically meaningful interpretation. When self-propelled particles interact with each other (i.e., a collective effect), they produce stresses that result in dynamic self-organization at spatial and temporal scales much larger than those of single particles. Complex rheological behavior in active matter depends on the interplay between the external forcing and the circulating flow induced by active agents. The active matter examined in this work is based on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans motion, whose shape is defined by a dynamic balance between elastic, hydrodynamic, and muscular forces. The orientational instabilities of the active suspension of C. elegans observed in recent experiments carried out by the authors are considered in the present theoretical study. A new time evolution equation for the active stress tensor is proposed in terms of an Oldroyd–Maxwell upper convected material derivative for a dilute active suspension in the absence of thermal or active fluctuations. On the other hand, the Gordon–Schowalter material derivative is used in order to modify the model for the case of non-diluted suspensions. The constitutive equations are nondimensional, and the results are addressed on both linear (small amplitude oscillatory shear) and nonlinear (large amplitude oscillatory shear) regimes. We show results of the viscoelastic moduli as a function of strain in the linear region and in the nonlinear region. The associated Lissajous loop curves illustrating the nonlinear response and the transitions of elastic to viscous behavior of the material at high strain are also presented. The dissipated energy over oscillation cycle is associated with the area enclosed by the closed Lissajous loops curves. Lissajous–Bowditch loops are also computed for the first normal stress differences using our theoretical model, and the results are compared with experimental work that was previously published by the authors.
High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population
Authors: Sagar Vinay , Kaelin Christopher B. , Natesh Meghana , Reddy P. Anuradha , Mohapatra Rajesh K. , Chhattani Himanshu , Thatte Prachi , Vaidyanathan Srinivas , Biswas Suvankar , Bhatt Supriya , Paul Shashi , Jhala Yadavendradev V. , Verma Mayank M. , Pandav Bivash , Mondol Samrat , Barsh Gregory S. , Swain Debabrata , Ramakrishnan Uma
Published: September 2021

Significance

Small and isolated populations have low genetic variation due to founding bottlenecks and genetic drift. Few empirical studies demonstrate visible phenotypic change associated with drift using genetic data in endangered species. We used genomic analyses of a captive tiger pedigree to identify the genetic basis for a rare trait, pseudomelanism, in tigers. Genome sequencing and extensive genotyping of noninvasive samples across tiger range revealed unique spatial presence of this allele in the Similipal Tiger Reserve, India. Population genetic analyses confirmed that Similipal is a small and isolated population. Simulations suggest that intense founding bottlenecks could result in the observed patterns, implicating drift. Our study highlights ongoing phenotypic evolution, potentially from human-induced fragmentation, in endangered large carnivore populations.
Restoring fertility in yeast hybrids: Breeding and quantitative genetics of beneficial traits
Authors: Naseeb Samina , Visinoni Federico , Hu Yue , Hinks Roberts Alex J. , Maslowska Agnieszka , Walsh Thomas , Smart Katherine A. , Louis Edward J. , Delneri Daniela
Published: September 2021

Significance

Interspecies hybrids, for which mules are a common example, are sterile and therefore an evolutionary dead end. Hybrid sterility has been an obstacle to classical genetic analysis, predictive quantitative approaches, and attempts at strain improvement via breeding. Here, we overcame infertility by creating hybrid tetraploids of yeast species to allow continuous multigenerational breeding. Thus, by exploiting interspecific genetic diversity, we were able to create an unprecedented number of meiotic progenies with different combinations of traits. We showed that the offspring of different hybrids have extreme phenotypes, identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) dependent of the mitochondria, and discovered QTLs that are uniquely generated in hybrids and for which the allelic variation has no phenotypic consequences in the parental species.
Postmortem memory of public figures in news and social media
Authors: West Robert , Leskovec Jure , Potts Christopher
Published: September 2021

Significance

Who is remembered by society after they die? Although scholars as well as the broader public have speculated about this question since ancient times, we still lack a detailed understanding of the processes at work when a public figure dies and their media image solidifies and is committed to the collective memory. To close this gap, we leverage a comprehensive 5-y dataset of online news and social media posts with millions of documents per day. By tracking mentions of thousands of public figures during the year following their death, we reveal and model the prototypical patterns and biographic correlates of postmortem media attention, as well as systematic differences in how the news vs. social media remember deceased public figures.
Remediating the culture industry
Authors: Thomas Jade
Published: September 2021

This article examines to what dramaturgical effect Sam Shepard’s political play States of Shock
(1991) remediates strategies associated with the culture industry. In plays, spectators forge an interpretation from a medium that
is considered ‘hypermedial’ or capable of combining discrete signifying systems such as dialogue, costumes, acting style and scenography at the same time. In States of Shock, genre remediation implicates its audience in the
spectacle of war by juxtaposing American war heroism and military ideology with entertaining vaudeville. By examining Shepard’s
appropriation of the vaudeville genre in relation to other dramatic signifying systems, the article offers a new and more layered
reading of the play’s supposedly ‘blatant’ political message.
Animal welfare: the human element.
Authors: Rogers Suzanne , White Jo
Published: September 2021

This chapter explores the different elements of human behaviour change and illustrates why there is an increasing emphasis in the animal welfare field on learning about human and animal behaviour.
Moving an industry: protecting farm animals with science-based advocacy.
Authors: Shields Sara
Published: September 2021

This chapter describes the experiences of the author Sara Shields in the subjects of animal behaviour, housing and regulations, while working as an animal welfare practitioner in the USA.
Farm animal welfare in the Nigerian context.
Authors: Aworh-Ajumobi Mabel
Published: September 2021

This chapter covers ways to improve livestock in low-income areas such as Nigeria with the help of its government overcoming various challenges. Highlights focused on case studies which includes: better welfare practices for polo horses; training farmers on good animal welfare practices; and how to change the behaviour of cattle farmers in Nigeria and other African countries. The chapter also features the work and life in Nigeria of Dr Aworh-Ajumobi, he works as a government veterinarian at the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in Abuja.
The animals powering the world: promoting working animal welfare in resource-poor contexts.
Authors: Brown Ashleigh F.
Published: September 2021

This chapter will explore the welfare challenges working animals face and how to ameliorate these through the application of animal welfare science and supporting others to develop this knowledge.
Strengthening existing healthcare systems for sustainable animal welfare.
Authors: Williams Shereene , Skippen Laura
Published: September 2021

More can be achieved by working with what is already in place, compared with creating new systems that undermine local systems and traditions. However, creating lasting improvements in animal health systems at a national level is an ambitious task. Last-mile human healthcare is a key issue in the drive to achieve universal health coverage for all people and looking to the ways that humanitarian agencies are trying to achieve this will be key in driving this forwards for all animals in the future. To push animal welfare up the global agenda and create a catalyst for change, referencing solely animal welfare is not enough. Drawing on linkages between people, the planet and animals is essential.
Benchmarking embedded chain breaking in quantum annealing
*
Authors: Grant Erica , Humble Travis S
Published: September 2021

Quantum annealing solves combinatorial optimization problems by finding the energetic ground states of an embedded Hamiltonian. However, quantum annealing dynamics under the embedded Hamiltonian may violate the principles of adiabatic evolution and generate excitations that correspond to errors in the computed solution. Here we empirically benchmark the probability of chain breaks and identify sweet spots for solving a suite of embedded Hamiltonians. We further correlate the physical location of chain breaks in the quantum annealing hardware with the underlying embedding technique and use these localized rates in a tailored post-processing strategies. Our results demonstrate how to use characterization of the quantum annealing hardware to tune the embedded Hamiltonian and remove computational errors.
Effects of two different solvents on Schottky barrier of organic device
Authors: Sen Sudipta , Manik N B
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the effects of two different solvents on the Schottky barrier of ITO/ blend of methyl red dye—fullerene nanoparticles/Al - M electrode have been studied. We have taken chlorobenzene solvent and toluene solvent. Three different devices have been made by taking three different weight ratios of the dye—nanoparticles blend which is 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. The estimation of the interfacial Schottky barrier at the junction of metal-organic dye is estimated using the device’s dark I—V plot. Interfacial Schottky barrier at the metal-organic junction is least for 2:1 weight ratio of dye - nanoparticle blend in chlorobenzene solvent but for toluene solvent, the Schottky barrier is least for 1:2 weight ratio of dye—nanoparticle blend. The lowering of barrier height at 2:1 and 1:2 ratios in Schottky barrier contacts prepared with chlorobenzene and toluene solvents can be attributed to the filling up of traps at the metal-organic layer interface. The Norde method is also used to check the consistency of the obtained value of the Schottky barrier measured from I—V plots. Reduction in Schottky barrier results in improved current injection process at the metal-organic interface.
Social memory and infrastructure governance: a century in the life of a rural drinking water system
Authors: Haggerty Julia H , Dunn Jennifer , Gansauer Grete , Ewing Stephanie , Metcalf Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

Even in advanced economies, underperforming infrastructure is a persistent rural development challenge, with the case of non-compliant small drinking water systems (SDWSs) especially concerning because of the importance of safe drinking water to human health. While technical and financial deficits are known contributors to SDWS underperformance in rural settings, the role of local cultural and social context in water governance are less clear. The need for interoperable concepts that help explain how local contextual factors influence rural water governance and operation motivates this study. Drawing on insights from community resilience and critical infrastructure scholarship, this study draws attention to a previously overlooked dimension of local infrastructure governance: social memory. Archival research and 25 semi-structured interviews with experts and local stakeholders inform the paper’s reconstruction of the 100 years history of an SDWS in rural Montana, USA and analysis of the contemporary social memory it has generated. The study finds that social memory acts as a medium through which the lived experience of infrastructure influences priorities and values about its governance, especially in the context of small towns. Three major themes in the dynamics of social memory of infrastructure are described, including longevity, aesthetic and material qualities, and articulation with economic trajectories. In addition to establishing social memory as an effective conceptualization of the generative influence of infrastructure in water governance at the local scale, the paper has implications for policy; specifically, the observation that in addition to financial and technical capacity, historical experience is a powerful driver of infrastructure governance and outcomes such as underperformance.
The Archimedean limit of random sorting networks
Authors: Dauvergne Duncan
Published: September 2021

A sorting network (also known as a reduced decomposition of the reverse permutation) is a shortest path from12⋯n12 \cdots nton⋯21n \cdots 21in the Cayley graph of the symmetric groupSnS_ngenerated by adjacent transpositions. We prove that in a uniform randomnn-element sorting networkσn\sigma ^n, all particle trajectories are close to sine curves with high probability. We also find the weak limit of the time-ttpermutation matrix measures ofσn\sigma ^n. As a corollary of these results, we show that ifSnS_nis embedded intoRn\mathbb {R}^nvia the mapτ↦(τ(1),τ(2),…τ(n))\tau \mapsto (\tau (1), \tau (2), \dots \tau (n)), then with high probability, the pathσn\sigma ^nis close to a great circle on a particular(n−2)(n-2)-dimensional sphere inRn\mathbb {R}^n. These results prove conjectures of Angel, Holroyd, Romik, and Virág.
On bounds for Kummer’s function ratio
Authors: Sablica Lukas , Hornik Kurt
Published: September 2021

In this paper we present lower and upper bounds for Kummer’s function ratios of the form

M
(
a
,
b
,
z
)

′

M
(
a
,
b
,
z
)

\frac {{M(a, b, z)}’}{M(a, b, z)}

when

0
>
a
>
b

0>a>b

. The derived bounds are asymptotically precise, theoretically well-defined, numerically accurate, and easy to compute. Moreover, we show how the bounds can be used as starting values for monotonically convergent sequences to approximate the ratio with even higher precision while avoiding the anomalous convergence discussed by Gautschi [Math. Comp. 31 (1977), pp. 994–999]. This allows to apply the results in multiple areas, as for example the estimation of Watson distributions in statistical modelling. Furthermore, we extend the convergence results provided by Gautschi and the list of known bounds for the inverse of Kummer’s function ratio given by Sra and Karp [J. Multivariate Anal. 114 (2013), pp. 256–269]. In addition, the derived starting bounds are compared and connected to other results from the literature.
A classification of ECM-friendly families of elliptic curves using modular curves
Authors: Barbulescu Razvan , Shinde Sudarshan
Published: September 2021

In this work, we establish a link between the classification of ECM-friendly elliptic curves and Mazur’s program B, which consists in parameterizing all the families of elliptic curves with exceptional Galois image. Motivated by Barbulescu et al. [ANTS X–proceedings of the tenth algorithmic number theory symposium, Berkeley, CA, 2013], we say an elliptic curve is ECM-friendly if it does not have complex multiplication and if its Galois image is exceptional for some level. Building upon two recent works which treated the case of congruence subgroups of prime-power level which occur for infinitely many

j
j

-invariants, we prove that there are exactly 1525 families of rational elliptic curves with distinct Galois images which are cartesian products of subgroups of prime-power level. This makes a complete list of rational families of ECM-friendly elliptic curves with cartesian Galois images, out of which less than 23 were known in the literature. We furthermore refine a heuristic of Montgomery to compare these families and conclude that the best 4 families which can be put in

a
=
−
1

a=-1

twisted Edwards’ form are new.
Ensconsin-dependent changes in microtubule organization and LINC complex–dependent changes in nucleus–nucleus interactions result in quantitatively distinct myonuclear positioning defects
Authors: Collins Mary Ann , Coon L. Alexis , Thomas Riya , Mandigo Torrey R. , Wynn Elizabeth , Folker Eric S.
Published: September 2021

A new framework is established to analyze the distribution of nuclei in a muscle syncytium. It is established that nuclei move but cannot separate when the LINC complex is compromised but are immobile when the microtubule cytoskeleton is disrupted.
Evidence for a General Neural Signature of Face Familiarity
Authors: Dalski Alexia , Kovács Gyula , Ambrus Géza Gergely
Published: September 2021

We explored the neural signatures of face familiarity using cross-participant and cross-experiment decoding of event-related potentials, evoked by unknown and experimentally familiarized faces from a set of experiments with different participants, stimuli, and familiarization-types. Human participants of both sexes were either familiarized perceptually, via media exposure, or by personal interaction. We observed significant cross-experiment familiarity decoding involving all three experiments, predominantly over posterior and central regions of the right hemisphere in the 270–630 ms time window. This shared face familiarity effect was most prominent across the Media and the Personal, as well as between the Perceptual and Personal experiments. Cross-experiment decodability makes this signal a strong candidate for a general neural indicator of face familiarity, independent of familiarization methods, participants, and stimuli. Furthermore, the sustained pattern of temporal generalization suggests that it reflects a single automatic processing cascade that is maintained over time.
Wide-Field Calcium Imaging of Dynamic Cortical Networks during Locomotion
Authors: West Sarah L , Aronson Justin D , Popa Laurentiu S , Feller Kathryn D , Carter Russell E , Chiesl William M , Gerhart Morgan L , Shekhar Aditya C , Ghanbari Leila , Kodandaramaiah Suhasa B , Ebner Timothy J
Published: September 2021

Motor behavior results in complex exchanges of motor and sensory information across cortical regions. Therefore, fully understanding the cerebral cortex’s role in motor behavior requires a mesoscopic-level description of the cortical regions engaged, their functional interactions, and how these functional interactions change with behavioral state. Mesoscopic Ca2+ imaging through transparent polymer skulls in mice reveals elevated activation of the dorsal cerebral cortex during locomotion. Using the correlations between the time series of Ca2+ fluorescence from 28 regions (nodes) obtained using spatial independent component analysis (sICA), we examined the changes in functional connectivity of the cortex from rest to locomotion with a goal of understanding the changes to the cortical functional state that facilitate locomotion. Both the transitions from rest to locomotion and from locomotion to rest show marked increases in correlation among most nodes. However, once a steady state of continued locomotion is reached, many nodes, including primary motor and somatosensory nodes, show decreases in correlations, while retrosplenial and the most anterior nodes of the secondary motor cortex show increases. These results highlight the changes in functional connectivity in the cerebral cortex, representing a series of changes in the cortical state from rest to locomotion and on return to rest.
Sex Differences in Long-term Outcomes After Group B Streptococcal Infections During Infancy in Denmark and the Netherlands: National Cohort Studies of Neurodevelopmental Impairments and Mortality
Authors: van Kassel Merel N , Gonçalves Bronner P , Snoek Linde , Sørensen Henrik T , Bijlsma Merijn W , Lawn Joy E , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet ,   GBS Danish and Dutch Collaborative Group for Long-Term Outcomes, Sørensen Henrik T , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet , Søgaard Kirstine K , van de Beek Diederik , Bijlsma Merijn W , van Kassel Merel N , Snoek Linde , de Gier Brechje , van der Ende Arie , Hahné Susan J M
Published: September 2021

Background

Male infants have a higher incidence of invasive group B Streptococcus disease (iGBS) compared with female infants; however, data on sex differences in mortality and long-term outcomes after iGBS are lacking. We assessed whether a child’s sex influences the effects of iGBS on mortality and risk of neurodevelopmental impairments (NDIs).

Methods

We used Danish and Dutch registry data to conduct a nationwide cohort study of infants with a history of iGBS. A comparison cohort, children without a history of iGBS, was randomly selected and matched on relevant factors. Effect modification by sex was assessed on additive and multiplicative scales.

Results

Our analyses included data from children with a history of iGBS in Denmark (period 1997 -2017; n = 1432) and the Netherlands (2000 -2017; n = 697) and from 21 172 children without iGBS. There was no clear evidence of between-sex heterogeneity in iGBS-associated mortality. Boys had a higher risk of NDI, with evidence for effect modification on additive scale at the age of 5 years for any NDI (relative excess risk due to interaction = 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.53 to 3.09 in Denmark and 1.14; 95% CI, -5.13 to 7.41 in the Netherlands). A similar pattern was observed for moderate/severe NDI at age 5 years in Denmark and age 10 years in the Netherlands.

Conclusion

Boys are at higher risk of NDI ; our results suggest this is disproportionally increased in those who develop iGBS. Future studies should investigate mechanisms of this effect modification by sex.
The adult heart requires baseline expression of the transcription factor Hand2 to withstand right ventricular pressure overload
Authors: Videira Raquel F , Koop Anne Marie C , Ottaviani Lara , Poels Ella M , Kocken Jordy M M , Dos Remedios Cristobal , Mendes-Ferreira Pedro , Van De Kolk Kees W , Du Marchie Sarvaas Gideon J , Lourenço André , Llucià-Valldeperas Aida , Nascimento Dian aS , De Windt Leon J , De Man Frances S , Falcão-Pires Inês , Berger Rolf M F , da Costa Martins Paula A
Published: September 2021

Aims

Research on the pathophysiology of right ventricular (RV) failure has, in spite of the associated high mortality and morbidity, lagged behind compared to the left ventricle (LV). Previous work from our lab revealed that the embryonic basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor heart and neural crest derivatives expressed-2 (Hand2) is re-expressed in the adult heart and activates a ‘foetal gene programme’ contributing to pathological cardiac remodelling under conditions of LV pressure overload. As such, ablation of cardiac expression of Hand2 conferred protection to cardiac stress and abrogated the maladaptive effects that were observed upon increased expression levels. In this study, we aimed to understand the contribution of Hand2 to RV remodelling in response to pressure overload induced by pulmonary artery banding (PAB).

Methods and results

In this study, Hand2F/F and MCM- Hand2F/F mice were treated with tamoxifen (control and knockout, respectively) and subjected to six weeks of RV pressure overload induced by PAB. Echocardiographic- and MRI-derived haemodynamic parameters as well as molecular remodelling were assessed for all experimental groups and compared to sham-operated controls. Six weeks after PAB, levels of Hand2 expression increased in the control-banded animals but, as expected, remained absent in the knockout hearts. Despite the dramatic differences in Hand2 expression, pressure overload resulted in impaired cardiac function independently of the genotype. In fact, Hand2 depletion seems to sensitize the RV to pressure overload as these mice develop more hypertrophy and more severe cardiac dysfunction. Higher expression levels of HAND2 were also observed in RV samples of human hearts from patients with pulmonary hypertension. In turn, the LV of RV pressure-overloaded hearts was also dramatically affected as reflected by changes in shape, decreased LV mass, and impaired cardiac function. RNA-sequencing revealed a distinct set of genes that are dysregulated in the pressure-overloaded RV, compared to the previously described pressure-overloaded LV.

Conclusion

Cardiac-specific depletion of Hand2 is associated with severe cardiac dysfunction in conditions of RV pressure overload. While inhibiting Hand2 expression can prevent cardiac dysfunction in conditions of LV pressure overload, the same does not hold true for conditions of RV pressu re overload. This study highlights the need to better understand the molecular mechanisms driving pathological remodelling of the RV in contrast to the LV, in order to better diagnose and treat patients with RV or LV failure.