bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preconditioning of overcast-to-broken cloud transitions by riming in marine cold air outbreaks
Authors: Tornow Florian , Ackerman Andrew S. , Fridlind Ann M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Marine cold air outbreaks (CAOs) commonly form overcast cloud decks
that transition into broken cloud fields downwind, dramatically
altering the local radiation budget. In this study, we investigate
the impact of frozen hydrometeors on these transitions. We
focus on a CAO case in the NW Atlantic, the location of the multi-year
flight campaign ACTIVATE (Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment). We use MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2) reanalysis fields to drive large eddy simulations with mixed-phase two-moment microphysics in a
Lagrangian framework. We find that transitions are triggered by
substantial rain (rainwater paths >25 g m−2), and only
simulations that allow for aerosol depletion result in sustained
breakups, as observed. Using a range of diagnostic ice nucleating particle
concentrations, Ninp, we find that increasing ice progressively
accelerates transitions, thus abbreviating the overcast state. Ice
particles affect the cloud-topped boundary layer evolution, primarily
through riming-related processes prior to substantial rain, leading to
(1) a reduction in cloud liquid water, (2) early consumption of
cloud condensation nuclei, and (3) early and light precipitation
cooling and moistening below cloud. We refer to these three effects
collectively as “preconditioning by riming”. Greater boundary layer aerosol concentrations available as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) delay the onset of substantial rain. However, cloud breakup and low CCN concentration final
stages are found to be inevitable in this case, due, primarily, to liquid water path buildup. An ice-modulated cloud transition speed suggests the possibility of a negative cloud–climate feedback. To address prevailing uncertainties in the model representation of mixed-phase processes, the magnitude of ice formation and riming impacts and, thereby, the strength of an associated negative cloud–climate feedback process, requires further
observational evaluation by targeting riming hot spots with in situ imaging probes that allow for both the characterization of ice particles and abundance of supercooled droplets.
New sampling strategy removes imaging spectroscopy solar-smearing bias in sub-km vapour scaling statistics
Authors: Richardson Mark T. , Thompson David R. , Kurowski Marcin J. , Lebsock Matthew D.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Upcoming spaceborne imaging spectrometers will allow retrieval of total column water vapour (TCWV) over land at horizontal resolution of 30–80 m. Here we show how to obtain, from these retrievals, exponents describing the power-law scaling of sub-km horizontal variability in clear-sky bulk planetary boundary layer (PBL) water vapour (q). Using large-eddy simulations (LES) of shallow convective PBLs we show how sunlight entering the PBL up to several km away from the footprint location degrades estimates of these exponents. We address this by calculating exponents perpendicular to the solar azimuth, that is to say flying “across” the sunlight path rather than “towards” or “away” from the Sun. Across 23 LES snapshots, at SZA = 60° the mean bias in calculated exponent is 38 ± 12 % (95 % range) along the solar azimuth, while following our strategy it is 3 ± 9 % and no longer significant. Both bias and root-mean-square error RMSE decrease with lower SZA. We include retrieval errors from several sources including: (1) the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) instrument noise model, (2) requisite assumptions about the atmospheric thermodynamic profile, and (3) spatially nonuniform aerosol distributions. This technique can be used to obtain unique information about sub-km PBL q scaling from upcoming spaceborne spectrometer missions, while mitigating errors due to challenging solar geometries.
Neural Network Based Estimation of Regional Scale Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions Using OCO-2 Dataset Over East and West Asia
Authors: Mustafa Farhan , Bu Lingbing , Wang Qin , Yao Na , Shahzaman Muhammad , Bilal Muhammad , Aslam Rana Waqar , Iqbal Rashid
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most significant greenhouse gas and its concentration is continuously increasing mainly as a consequence of anthropogenic activities. Accurate quantification of CO2 is critical for addressing the global challenge of climate change and designing mitigation strategies aimed at stabilizing the CO2 emissions. Satellites provide the most effective way to monitor the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. In this study, we utilized the concentration of column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO2 i.e., XCO2 retrieved from a CO2 monitoring satellite, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) to estimate the anthropogenic CO2 emissions using Generalized Regression Neural Network over East and West Asia. OCO-2 XCO2 and the Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide (ODIAC) CO2 emission datasets for a period of 5 years (2015–2019) were used in this study. The annual XCO2 anomalies were calculated from the OCO-2 retrievals for each year to remove the larger background CO2 concentrations and seasonal variabilities. Then the XCO2 anomaly and ODIAC emission datasets from 2015 to 2018 were used to train the GRNN model, and finally, the anthropogenic CO2 emissions were estimated for 2019 based on the XCO2 anomalies derived for the same year. The XCO2-based estimated and the ODIAC actual CO2 emissions were compared and the results showed a good agreement in terms of spatial distribution. The CO2 emissions were estimated separately over East and West Asia. In addition, correlations between the ODIAC emissions and XCO2 anomalies were also determined separately for East and West Asia, and East Asia exhibited relatively better results. The results showed that satellite-based XCO2 retrievals can be used to estimate the regional scale anthropogenic CO2 emissions and the accuracy of the results can be enhanced by further improvement of the GRNN model with the addition of more CO2 emission and concentration datasets.
A simulation chamber for absorption spectroscopy in planetary atmospheres
Authors: Snels Marcel , Stefani Stefania , Boccaccini Angelo , Biondi David , Piccioni Giuseppe
Published: August 2021

Abstract. A novel simulation chamber PASSxS (Planetary Atmosphere Simulation System for Spectroscopy) has been developed for absorption measurements performed with a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) and, possibly, a cavity ring down (CRD) spectrometer, with a sample temperature ranging from 100 K up to 550 K, while the pressure of the gas can be varied from 10 mbar up to 60 bar. These temperature and pressure ranges cover a significant part of the planetary atmospheres in the solar system and the absorption chamber can thus be used to simulate planetary atmospheres of solar planets and extra solar planets with similar atmospheres. The optical absorption path for the FTS absorption measurements is 3.2 m, due to the implementation of a multipass setup inside the chamber. The FTS measurements cover a wide spectral range, from the visible to the mid-infrared with a sensitivity sufficient for medium strength absorption bands. The FTS has been used previously to measure high pressure atmospheres, including collision induced absorption bands and continuum absorption at ambient temperatures. PASSxS allows to measure the temperature dependence of collision induced bands and continuum absorption, which is important both for the modelling of planetary atmospheres as well as for fundamental processes involving collisions between molecules and atoms.
Fe-binding organic ligands in coastal and frontal regions of the western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Ardiningsih Indah , Seyitmuhammedov Kyyas , Sander Sylvia G. , Stirling Claudine H. , Reichart Gert-Jan , Arrigo Kevin R. , Gerringa Loes J. A. , Middag Rob
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Organic ligands are a key factor determining the
availability of dissolved iron (DFe) in the high-nutrient low-chlorophyll
(HNLC) areas of the Southern Ocean. In this study, organic speciation of Fe
is investigated along a natural gradient of the western Antarctic Peninsula,
from an ice-covered shelf to the open ocean. An electrochemical approach,
competitive ligand exchange – adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry
(CLE-AdCSV), was applied. Our results indicated that organic ligands in the
surface water on the shelf are associated with ice-algal exudates, possibly
combined with melting of sea ice. Organic ligands in the deeper shelf water
are supplied via the resuspension of slope or shelf sediments. Further offshore,
organic ligands are most likely related to the development of phytoplankton
blooms in open ocean waters. On the shelf, total ligand concentrations
([Lt]) were between 1.2 and 6.4 nM eq. Fe. The organic
ligands offshore ranged between 1.0 and 3.0 nM eq. Fe. The southern boundary
of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (SB ACC) separated the organic ligands
on the shelf from bloom-associated ligands offshore. Overall, organic ligand
concentrations always exceeded DFe concentrations (excess ligand
concentration, [L′] = 0.8–5.0 nM eq. Fe). The [L′] made up to 80 % of
[Lt], suggesting that any additional Fe input can be stabilized in the
dissolved form via organic complexation. The denser modified Circumpolar
Deep Water (mCDW) on the shelf showed the highest complexation capacity of
Fe (αFe'L; the product of [L′] and conditional binding
strength of ligands, KFe'Lcond). Since Fe is also supplied by shelf
sediments and glacial discharge, the high complexation capacity over
the shelf can keep Fe dissolved and available for local primary productivity
later in the season upon sea-ice melting.
The global forest above-ground biomass pool for 2010 estimated from high-resolution satellite observations
Authors: Santoro Maurizio , Cartus Oliver , Carvalhais Nuno , Rozendaal Danaë M. A. , Avitabile Valerio , Araza Arnan , de Bruin Sytze , Herold Martin , Quegan Shaun , Rodríguez-Veiga Pedro , Balzter Heiko , Carreiras João , Schepaschenko Dmitry , Korets Mikhail , Shimada Masanobu , Itoh Takuya , Moreno Martínez Álvaro , Cavlovic Jura , Cazzolla Gatti Roberto , da Conceição Bispo Polyanna , Dewnath Nasheta , Labrière Nicolas , Liang Jingjing , Lindsell Jeremy , Mitchard Edward T. A. , Morel Alexandra , Pacheco Pascagaza Ana Maria , Ryan Casey M. , Slik Ferry , Vaglio Laurin Gaia , Verbeeck Hans , Wijaya Arief , Willcock Simon
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The terrestrial forest carbon pool is poorly quantified,
in particular in regions with low forest inventory capacity. By combining
multiple satellite observations of synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
backscatter around the year 2010, we generated a global, spatially explicit
dataset of above-ground live biomass (AGB; dry mass) stored in forests with a spatial
resolution of 1 ha. Using an extensive database of
110 897 AGB measurements
from field inventory plots, we show that the spatial patterns and magnitude
of AGB are well captured in our map with the exception of regional
uncertainties in high-carbon-stock forests with AGB >250 Mg ha−1, where the retrieval was effectively based on a single radar
observation. With a total global AGB of 522 Pg, our estimate of the
terrestrial biomass pool in forests is lower than most estimates published
in the literature (426–571 Pg). Nonetheless, our dataset increases
knowledge on the spatial distribution of AGB compared to the Global Forest
Resources Assessment (FRA) by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
and highlights the impact of a country's national inventory capacity on the
accuracy of the biomass statistics reported to the FRA. We also reassessed
previous remote sensing AGB maps and identified major biases compared to
inventory data, up to 120 % of the inventory value in dry tropical
forests, in the subtropics and temperate zone. Because of the high level of
detail and the overall reliability of the AGB spatial patterns, our global
dataset of AGB is likely to have significant impacts on climate, carbon, and
socio-economic modelling schemes and provides a crucial baseline in future
carbon stock change estimates. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.894711
(Santoro, 2018).
Robustness of simulating aerosol climatic impacts using regional model (WRF-Chem v3.6): the sensitivity to domain size
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Zhao Chun , Xu Mingyue , Du Qiuyan , Zheng Jianqiu , Bi Yun
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Domain size can have significant impacts on regional modeling results, but few studies examining the sensitivities of regional modeling results of aerosol impacts to domain size. This study investigates the regional modeling sensitivities of aerosol impacts on East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) to domain size. The simulations with two different domain sizes demonstrate consistently that aerosols induce the cooling of lower troposphere that leads to the anti-cyclone circulation anomalies and thus the weakening of EASM moisture transport. The aerosol-induced adjustment of monsoonal circulation results in a spatial pattern of “+-+-+” for precipitation change over the continent of China. Domain size has a great influence on the simulated meteorological fields. For example, the simulation with increasing domain size produces weaker EASM circulation, which also affect aerosol distributions significantly. This leads to the difference of simulated strength and area extent of aerosol-induced changes of lower-tropospheric temperature and pressure, which further results in different locations of circulation and precipitation anomalies over the continent of China. For example, over Southeast China, aerosols induce the increase (decrease) of precipitation from the smaller-domain (larger-domain) simulation. Different domain sizes simulate consistently aerosol-induced increase of precipitation around 30° N over East China. This study highlights the important impacts of domain size on regional modeling results of aerosol impacts on circulation and precipitation, which may not be limited to East Asia. More generally, this study also implies that proper modeling of meteorological fields with appropriate domain size is one of the keys to simulate robust aerosol climatic impacts.
Predicting Global Terrestrial Biomes with Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Sato Hisashi , Ise Takeshi
Published: August 2021

Abstract. A biome is a major regional ecological community characterized by distinctive life forms and principal plants. Many empirical schemes such as the Holdridge Life Zone (HLZ) system have been proposed and implemented to predict the global distribution of terrestrial biomes. Knowledge of physiological climatic limits has been employed to predict biomes, resulting in more precise simulation, however, this requires different sets of physiological limits for different vegetation classification schemes. Here, we demonstrate an accurate and practical method to construct empirical models for biome mapping: A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained by an observation-based biome map, as well as images depicting air temperature and precipitation. The trained model accurately simulated a global map of current terrestrial biome distribution. Then, the trained model was applied to climate scenarios toward the end of the 21st century, predicting a significant shift in global biome distribution with rapid warming trends. Our results demonstrate that the proposed CNN approach can provide an efficient and objective method to generate preliminary estimations of the impact of climate change on biome distribution. Moreover, we anticipate that our approach could provide a basis for more general implementations to build empirical models of other climate-driven categorical phenomena.
Karst spring discharge modeling based on deep learning using spatially distributed input data
Authors: Wunsch Andreas , Liesch Tanja , Cinkus Guillaume , Ravbar Nataša , Chen Zhao , Mazzilli Naomi , Jourde Hervé , Goldscheider Nico
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Despite many existing approaches, modeling karst water resources remains challenging and often requires solid system knowledge. Artificial Neural Network approaches offer a convenient solution by establishing a simple input-output relationship on their own. However, in this context, temporal and especially spatial data availability is often an important constraint, as usually no or few climate stations within a karst spring catchment are available. Hence spatial coverage is often unsatisfying and can introduce severe uncertainties. To avoid these problems, we use 2D-Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to directly process gridded meteorological data followed by a 1D-CNN to perform karst spring discharge simulation. We investigate three karst spring catchments in the Alpine and Mediterranean region with different meteorologic-hydrological characteristics and hydrodynamic system properties. We compare our 2D-models both to existing modeling studies in these regions and to 1D-models, which use climate station data, as it is common practice. Our results show that our models are excellently suited to model karst spring discharge and rival the simulation results of existing approaches in the respective areas. The 2D-models learn relevant parts of the input data and by performing a spatial input sensitivity analysis we can further show their potential for karst catchment localization and delineation.
BUILDING ROOFTOPS EXTRACTION FOR SOLAR PV POTENTIAL ESTIMATION USING GIS-BASED METHODS
Authors: Muhammed E. , Morsy S. , El-Shazly A.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Green energy is increasingly used due to the lack of traditional resources and the increase in environmental pollution, which badly affects our planet in all aspects of life including air, plant life, seas, oceans, etc. In this context, buildings’ rooftops extraction approach for photovoltaic (PV) potential estimation is presented into two main phases. First, rooftops detection from satellite images using image pre-processing techniques and a machine learning algorithm. The pre-processing steps include gamma correction, shadow, vegetation masking, kmeans, and connected components. Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is then applied to extract rooftops. Second, using two GIS-based methods, PVGIS and Solar Analyst Tool in ArcGIS, for PV estimation. Satellite images for a part of Madinaty city in Egypt were used to evaluate our approach. The accuracy assessment of SVM expressed by the precision and recall were 95.7% and 90%, respectively. The identifiable rooftops in the image were 112 rooftops with a total area of 26,131 m2. The annual PV potential area was estimated to be 9.3 and 8.7 MWh/year using PVGIS and Solar Analyst Tool, respectively. PVGIS was more accurate as it uses more recent data from solar databases that exist in Africa. On the other hand, Solar Analyst Tool was less accurate as it depends on a digital elevation model with a resolution of 30 m. According to our calculations, the electric energy and the amount of CO2 emission were compensated by an annual average value of 48% for using solar panels instead of the traditional sources of energy.
TUNNEL MODELING USING MOBILE MAPPING LIDAR POINTS
Authors: Deshpande S. S.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In this paper, a method to model a tunnel using lidar points is presented. The data used was collected using Leica Pegasus Two Ultimate with a Z+F 9012 Profiler mounted on a mobile platform. The tunnel was approximately 151 m long. Visual inspection of a cross-section of the tunnel showed two rail tracks supported on ballast and sidewalks along both sidewalls of the tunnel. The walls and the ceiling of the tunnel were made of five planar surfaces. The tunnel alignment was straight, without any horizontal or vertical curves. The bearing of the central axis of the tunnel was N12.2oW. The following methodology was developed to model just the planar surfaces of the tunnel by excluding the rails, ballast, sidewalks, powerlines, and other accessories. The entire methodology was divided into three broad parts. In the first part, a model cross-section was created. Since the design plans of the tunnel were not available, the model cross-section polyline was created using mean tunnel dimensions from random cross-section points. The model cross-section consisted of the walls and the ceiling of the tunnel. Points were placed at every 1 cm along the model polyline. Six of the model points that represented the shape of the tunnel were selected as salient points. The lower-left salient point was considered as the seed point. In the second part, to define a reference axis of the tunnel, an approximate centerline was manually defined by selecting points at its start and end. Lidar points within 1 m at the start and the end of the tunnel were modeled using the model points to determine the centroids. The reference axis was determined by connecting the centroids at the start and the end of the tunnel. In the third part, the tunnel points were sliced along the reference axis at 5 cm intervals. The model cross-section was matched to points within each tunnel slice using a three-stage approach. In the first stage, the pattern of salient points was matched to the tunnel points by placing the seed point at every tunnel point location. The distances between salient points and their nearest tunnel points were calculated. Ten sets of tunnel points with the least differences to the salient points were shortlisted. In the second stage, a dense point-to-point matching was performed between the model and sliced tunnel data at the shortlisted points. The shortlisted point location with the least difference between the tunnel and the model points was considered as a match. At this point, the model points were hinged to the tunnel points at the seed point location. Hence, in the last stage, a six-parameter affine transformation was performed to match the model points to the tunnel data. The transformed model points at every 5 cm of the length of the tunnel were considered as current shape of the tunnel.
GEOSPATIAL ASSESSMENT FOR PLANNING A SMART ENERGY CITY USING ROOFTOP SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC IN BANDUNG CITY, INDONESIA
Authors: Ihsan K. T. N. , Sakti A. D. , Wikantika K.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Increasing the production of clean and environmentally friendly energy has become one of the world agendas as a strategic effort in dealing with long-term climate change. Seeing the potential of the energy produced, the ease in the installation process, with the small risk of harm generated, solar energy has received significant attention from many countries in the world. The potential for solar energy in Indonesia alone reaches 207 GWp, but only 145.81 MWp has been utilized. Currently, the Indonesian government has set a target to build a Solar Power Plant capacity in 2025 of 6.5 GWh. Urban areas are areas with higher energy demand than rural areas, but the availability of vacant land in urban areas is very minimal for installing solar power plants. Therefore, rooftop solar PV(Photovoltaic) can be a solution in dense areas such as cities. Good planning by looking at the potential resources and energy needs in spatial is needed to manage and utilize energy optimally and sustainably in urban areas. This study aims to develop a geospatial assessment for plan smart energy city that uses rooftop solar PV's potential energy in every building that is effective and efficient. The novelty in the analysis of the distribution of the potential for rooftop solar PV development in urban areas integrates meteorological and spatial aspects and socio-economic aspects. Integration of multi-dynamic spatial data uses in determining the rooftop solar PV construction location, such as meteorological data for solar energy potential, increasing energy needs of each building, and socio-economy data. The data source used comes from statistical data and remote sensing data. The analysis will be carried out temporally (2008, 2013, and 2018) to see the pattern of changes in aspects used in a certain period so that the development plan can be carried out more optimally. This research's output is the formation of a priority analysis of solar PV rooftop construction in urban areas, especially the city of Bandung. The result of energy can also produce by the construction of rooftop solar PV in a potential area. This research is expected to be utilized by policymakers to develop renewable energy in the city of Bandung and increase community participation in switching to renewable energy.
DEEP FEW-SHOT LEARNING FOR BI-TEMPORAL BUILDING CHANGE DETECTION
Authors: Khoshboresh-Masouleh M. , Shah-Hosseini R.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In real-world applications (e.g., change detection), annotating images is very expensive. To build effective deep learning models in these applications, deep few-shot learning methods have been developed and prove to be a robust approach in small training data. The study of building change detection from high spatial resolution satellite observations is important to research in remote sensing, photogrammetry, and computer vision nowadays, which can be widely used in a variety of real-world applications, such as map generation and updating. As manual high-resolution image interpretation is expensive and time-consuming, building change detection methods are of high interest. The interest in developing building change detection approaches from optical remote sensing images is rapidly increasing due to larger coverages, and lower costs of optical images. In this study, we focus on building change detection analysis on a small set of building changes from different regions that sit in several cities. In this paper, a new deep few-shot learning method is proposed for building change detection using Monte Carlo dropout and remote sensing observations. The setup is based on a small dataset, including bitemporal optical images labelled for building change detection.
Iterative feature detection of a coded checkerboard target for the geometric calibration of infrared cameras
Authors: Schramm Sebastian , Ebert Jannik , Rangel Johannes , Schmoll Robert , Kroll Andreas
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The geometric calibration of cameras becomes necessary when images should be undistorted, geometric image information is needed or data from more than one camera have to be fused. This process is often done using a target with a checkerboard or circular pattern and a given geometry. In this work, a coded checkerboard target for thermal imaging cameras and the corresponding image processing algorithm for iterative feature detection are presented. It is shown that, due in particular to the resulting better feature detectability at image borders, lower uncertainties in the estimation of the distortion parameters are achieved.
Environmental Influences on Young Adult Male Height. A Comparison of Town and Countryside in the Netherlands, 1815-1900
Authors: Kok Jan , Beekink Erik , Bijsterbosch David
Published: August 2021

The first phase of industrialization has often been associated with decreasing standards of living for workers, and early industrial towns and cities gained bad reputations. One of the best indicators for living conditions in early life is young adult height, and the literature has often pointed at urban-rural differences in heights to illustrate the initial decrease of living standards due to urbanization and industrialization. But how was urban residence connected to height? Causal mechanisms can include disease environment related to crowdedness, food availability or the nature of urban versus rural work. But perhaps urban-rural differences can simply be attributed to compositional effects, e.g. in cities relatively more poor, illiterate or incomplete families were to be found. Another question is whether urban-rural differences are limited to large cities compared to the rest, or whether we also find differences between towns and villages. In this brief, exploratory paper, we combine two detailed local datasets to provide answers to these questions. We contrast an early industrializing town, with a typical proletarian sub-culture of tile bakers and a significant middle class (Woerden in the province of South-Holland) to an agrarian community (the village of Akersloot and surrounding area in the province of North-Holland). Our dataset allows us to disentangle effects of the family composition, the family’s socio-economic status, food prices, and the environment on bodily growth of 1,738 young men. Our results suggest that the specific conditions of urban workers were more important for the physical development of their children than the urban or rural setting itself.
The Fall of Fertility in Tasmania, Australia, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Authors: Moyle Helen
Published: August 2021

The paper examines the fall of marital fertility in Tasmania, the second settled Australian colony, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The paper investigates when marital fertility fell, whether the fall was mainly due to stopping or spacing behaviours, and why it fell at this time. The database used for the research was created by reconstituting the birth histories of couples marrying in Tasmania in 1860, 1870, 1880 and 1890, using digitised 19th century Tasmanian vital registration data plus many other sources. Despite Tasmania’s location on the other side of the world, the fertility decline had remarkable similarities with the historical fertility decline in continental Western Europe, England and other English-speaking countries. Fertility started to decline in the late 1880s and the fertility decline became well established during the 1890s. The fall in fertility in late 19th century Tasmania was primarily due to the practice of stopping behaviour in the 1880 and 1890 cohorts, although birth spacing was also used as a strategy by the 1890 cohort. The findings provide support for some of the prominent theories of fertility transition.
STUDENTS’ REASONING ABOUT p-VALUES
Authors: AQUILONIUS BIRGIT C. , BRENNER MARY E.
Published: August 2021

Results from a study of 16 community college students are presented. The research question concerned how students reasoned about p-values. Students' approach to p-values in hypothesis testing was procedural. Students viewed p-values as something that one compares to alpha values in order to arrive at an answer and did not attach much meaning to p-values as an independent concept. Therefore it is not surprising that students often were puzzled over how to translate their statistical answer to an answer of the question asked in the problem. Some reflections on how instruction in statistical hypothesis testing can be improved are given.
First published November 2015 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
CALIBRATION OF SELF-EFFICACY FOR CONDUCTING A CHI-SQUARED TEST OF INDEPENDENCE
Authors: ZIMMERMAN WHITNEY ALICIA , GOINS DEBORAH D.
Published: August 2021

Self-efficacy and knowledge, both concerning the chi-squared test of independence, were examined in education graduate students. Participants rated statements concerning self-efficacy and completed a related knowledge assessment. After completing a demographic survey, participants completed the self-efficacy and knowledge scales a second time. Individuals with and without prior experiences with the topic were compared; those with prior experiences gave significantly higher self-efficacy ratings and had higher demonstrated knowledge scores, although the latter difference was not statistically significant. While self-efficacy and knowledge scores did not differ significantly between the two administrations, individuals without prior topic experience saw greater improvements in self-efficacy calibration. Findings suggest that self-efficacy calibration may be improved through completing an assessment.
First published November 2015 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
ASSESSING LEARNING OUTCOMES: AN ANALYSIS OF THE GOALS-2 INSTRUMENT
Authors: SABBAG ANELISE GUIMARAES , ZIEFFLER ANDREW
Published: August 2021

The test instrument GOALS-2 was designed primarily to evaluate the effectiveness of the CATALST curriculum. The purpose of this study was to perform a psychometric analysis of this instrument. Undergraduate students from six universities in the United States (n=289) were administered the instrument. Three measurement models were fit and compared: the two-parameter logistic model, the mixed model (comprised of both the two-parameter logistic and the graded-response model), and the bi-factor model. The mixed model was found to most appropriately model students’ responses. The results suggested the revision of some items and the addition of more discriminating items to improve total test information.
First published November 2015 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Useful Technique That Continues to Evolve
Authors:   Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA, Brady Justin , Sprinkle Shanna ,   Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA, Izfar Seema ,   South Texas Colorectal Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, Albert Matthew ,   Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA
Published: August 2021

Colorectal cancer remains the 3rd most common cancer diagnosed among men and women in the United States. With improved screening, premalignant rectal lesions and rectal cancers are being detected at earlier stages. In addition, the use of neoadjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy has led to downstaging of larger lesions. There is growing interest among colorectal surgeons in local excision with organ preservation for patients with rectal cancer. There are multiple platforms for local excision of rectal cancers, including transanal excision (TAE), transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) and transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS). TAMIS was developed as an affordable platform that uses conventional laparoscopic equipment familiar to many colorectal surgeons. TAMIS allows for full-thickness benign or malignant lesion excision in any quadrant without the need for patient repositioning. The literature has shown that, for appropriately selected patients, TAMIS provides superior excision quality compared to TAE. Furthermore, TAMIS has oncologic outcomes equivalent to TEM at a fraction of the cost. Recently, robotic TAMIS has been introduced, which takes advantage of the articulating instruments of the robotic platform without the need for a skilled assistant. This article will cover multiple technical aspects for TAMIS including patient selection and preparation, technical tips for successful excision and defect closure, and recent advances, including robotic TAMIS.
Ongoing Symptoms, Formation of Interstitial Lung Disease and Follow-up Process in PostCOVID-19
Authors: Yüksel Yavuz Melike , Anar Ceyda
Published: August 2021

In December 2019, severe acute respiratory diseases due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reported from Wuhan province of China. The symptoms associated with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) range from mild upper respiratory tract infection to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It was observed that symptoms and radiological findings continued in some patients after discharge. Comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes, risk factors such as male gender and advanced age are common risk factors for severe COVID-19 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the role of anti fibrotictherapy and the scientific rationale for their continuation or discontinuation in IPF patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have not been fully defined. Data from the COVID-19 pandemic and previous coronavirus infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) suggest that there may be significant fibrotic changes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this article, the frequency of on going symptoms after COVID-19 pneumonia and the frequency of interstitial lung disease that may ocur were discussed. Inaddition, the prevention of interstitial changes in the lung, especially pulmonary fibrosis, and the decrease in respiratory functions are discussed in the light of the literature.
Successful Treatment of Severe ARDS After Lobectomy By Using Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Kekeçoğlu Aybüke , İleri Fikri Burcu , Devran Özkan , Haliloğlu Murat
Published: August 2021

Pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are highly mortal complications following lobectomy.An effective treatment strategy is necessary in order to cure hipoxemia due to limited pulmonary reserve. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an effective method to deal with hypoxemia; however the data about its use in severe ARDS after lobectomy is limi
Characteristics of COVID-19 Pneumonia Cases Treated with Favipiravir in the Chest Diseases Clinic
Authors: Çırak Ali Kadri , Hakoğlu Burçin , Polat Gülru , Varol Yelda , Ayrancı Aysu , Karadeniz Gülistan , Özkan Serir , Mertoğlu Aydan , Yalnız Enver , Tuksavul Fevziye , Yılmaz Celalettin
Published: August 2021

Objective: There is currently no specific treatment for COVID-19. Favipiravir treatment has been shown to be effective in in-vitro and pre-clinical trials in the treatment of COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to present the characteristics and treatment results of our patients who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia and received favipiravir treatment in the chest diseases clinics of our hospital. Method: The database created by the COVID-19 Study Group of our hospital consisting of the data of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who applied to our hospital between March 11, 2020 and May 15, 2020 was examined. 471 patients enrolled in the database and 412 hospitalized patients were evaluated and included in 38 patients in whom favipiravir was used for treatment in the chest diseases clinic. Treatments, drug doses, initiation time of favipiravir, clinical and radiological responses to treatment were analyzed retrospectively. Fever control, improvement of respiratory failure, improvement in laboratory values, and absence of radiological deterioration were accepted as response criteria to treatment. Results: It was observed that 30 of 38 patients who were given favipiravir treatment in the chest diseases clinic were successfully discharged. Eight patients whose general condition deteriorated despite favipiravir treatment in the clinic and who had an indication for intensive care were transferred to intensive care. Three of these eight patients died and 5 of them were successfully discharged. Conclusion: Mortality rate was found to be 7.9% in COVID-19 cases who received favipiravir treatment in our chest diseases clinic. After the favipiravir treatment started to be used more effectively in our country, it was observed that transfers to intensive care units decreased and mortality decreased. Therefore, although favipiravir is thought to be effective in the treatment of COVID-19 infection, further prospective controlled studies are needed.
Relationship Between CRP, D-Dimer, D-Dimer/CRP with Clinical Probability and Diagnostic Value in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Thoromboembolism
Authors: Günkan Yunus , Babayiğit Cenk , Dikmen Nursel
Published: August 2021

Objective: It was planned to investigate the diagnostic values for pulmonary thromboembolisym (PTE) by examining D-dimer, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), D-dimer/CRP ratio of patients who underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and/or lung scintigraphy with pre-diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. So it was thought that unnecessary computed tomograpy pulmonary Angiography could be reduced. Method: In our study, patients who were admitted to the chest diseases outpatient clinic and emergency department, who underwent CT pumonary Angiography and/or lung scintigraphy with a pre-diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, and who were simultaneously studied for D-dimer and CRP examinations were retrospectively evaluated. The efficiency and reliability of the Wells score and the combination of D-dimer, CRP and D-dimer/CRP ratio in the prediagnosis of pulmonary embolism were evaluated. Results: 46 of 79 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism included in our study were diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism with advanced tests. While the sensitivity and specificity of Wells score, D-dimer and CRP in diagnosing PTE were 41.3-100%, 91.3-27.3% and 84.7-42.4%, respectively, the cut off value of D-dimer/CRP ratio was 119.5. We found statistically significant higher D-dimer levels in patients with probable PTE according to Wells clinical scores. However, D-dimer/CRP ratio and CRP levels were statistically insignificant. Conclusion: In our study, D-dimer and CRP ratios were found to be significantly higher in patients with PTE, but D-dimer/CRP ratios were found to be less valuable in the diagnosis of PTE sensitivity and specificity.
Đánh giá hiệu quả điều trị dexlansoprazole 60mg trên bệnh nhân trào ngược dạ dày thực quản mức độ nặng
Authors: Thanh Trần Văn , Bình Mai Thanh , Trang Hà Minh , Trang Nguyễn Thị Huyền , Thái Nguyễn Văn , Tuyết Trần Thị Ánh , Tuyết Lê Thị Ánh , Tuyết Dương Thị , Liên Nguyễn Thị Phương , Giang Đinh Trường , Quang Phạm Minh Ngọc , Quang Phạm Minh Ngọc
Published: August 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả của dexlansoprazol 60mg trên bệnh nhân trào ngược dạ dày thực quản mức độ nặng sau 8 tuần điều trị. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Phương pháp nghiên cứu tiến cứu, quan sát ở 38 bệnh nhân trên 18 tuổi được chẩn đoán trào ngược dạ dày thực quản mức độ B, C hoặc D trên nội soi theo phân loại Los Angeles, được điều trị bằng dexlansoprazole 60mg/ngày tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108 từ tháng 3/2020 đến tháng 8/2020. Đánh giá các triệu chứng lâm sàng, nội soi dạ dày, tác dụng không mong muốn của thuốc tại các thời điểm sau 4 tuần và 8 tuần điều trị. Kết quả: 38 bệnh nhân với độ tuổi trung bình 52,08 ± 14,84 năm. Sau 8 tuần điều trị các triệu chứng lâm sàng đều giảm, có 76,3% bệnh nhân không còn triệu chứng lâm sàng, điểm GERDQ giảm từ 9,89 ± 2,26 xuống 6,34 ± 0,78 (p<0,05), 84,2% bệnh nhân không còn tổn thương thực quản trên nội soi. Tác dụng không mong muốn gặp phải là tiêu chảy (5,3%), chóng mặt (2,6%), buồn nôn (2,6%), không có bệnh nhân nào phải dừng thuốc do tác dụng phụ. Kết luận: Dexlansoprazole có hiệu quả và an toàn trong điều trị bệnh trào ngược dạ dày thực quản mức độ nặng.
Đánh giá kết quả sớm sau phẫu thuật mở điều trị ung thư đại tràng trên bệnh nhân cao tuổi tại Bệnh viện K
Authors: Bang Trần Đình , Bình Phạm Văn
Published: August 2021

Mục tiêu: Nhận xét một số đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và kết quả sớm phẫu thuật mở triệt căn ung thư đại tràng ở bệnh nhân cao tuổi tại Bệnh viện K. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Gồm 35 bệnh nhân từ 60 tuổi được phẫu thuật mở triệt căn điều trị ung thư đại tràng. Nghiên cứu hồi cứu - tiến cứu mô tả loạt ca. Kết quả: Nam giới chiếm 54,3% nhiều hơn nữ giới là 45,7%. Đau bụng và rối loạn đại tiện chiếm tỷ lệ cao (> 65%). Đi ngoài có máu là 57,1%. Tỷ lệ phát hiện bệnh với nội soi ống mềm là 100% và chụp cắt lớp vi tính cản quang là 91,4%. Vị trí khối u đại tràng phải là 37,1%, đại tràng trái là 62,9%, thể sùi 57,1%. Thời gian phẫu thuật trung bình là 115,3 ± 21,4 phút, đoạn đại tràng cắt trên u là 14,0 ± 6,0cm, dưới u là 9,3 ± 5,0cm. Số hạch vét trung bình: 13,7 ± 6,7. Ung thư biểu mô tuyến (88,6%), mức độ biệt hóa vừa 100%. Xâm lấn u (T3 và T4) là 91,4%. Biến chứng nhiễm khuẩn và tắc ruột là 8,6%. Thời gian nằm viện sau mổ: 9,1 ± 2,9 ngày. Kết quả tốt sau mổ là 91,4%. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật mở triệt căn điều trị ung thư đại tràng ở bệnh nhân từ 60 tuổi tại Bệnh viện K có tỷ lệ thành công cao và biến chứng sau phẫu thuật thấp.
So sánh kết quả đánh giá giai đoạn ung thư biểu mô trực tràng giữa cộng hưởng từ và giải phẫu bệnh
Authors: Trọng Nguyễn Minh , Hùng Nguyễn Xuân , Hà Phạm Hoàng
Published: August 2021

Mục tiêu: So sánh kết quả đánh giá giai đoạn ung thư biểu mô (UTBM) trực tràng giữa cộng hưởng từ (CHT) so với giải phẫu bệnh (GPB). Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu được tiến hành dưới dạng mô tả cắt ngang, chọn mẫu thuận tiện trên 109 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán UTBM trực tràng được phẫu thuật cắt trực tràng triệt căn tại Trung tâm Phẫu thuật Đại trực tràng - Tầng sinh môn, Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức từ tháng 10/2016 đến tháng 05/2019. Kết quả: CHT có mối tương quan với GPB về giai đoạn T (p<0,001). Hạn chế đánh giá giai đoạn sớm (T1), độ chính xác trong đánh giá mức độ xâm lấn thành trực tràng của khối u (giai đoạn T) là 71,56%. Không ghi nhận có tương quan trong chẩn đoán hạch di căn giữa kết quả CHT và GPB. Kết quả tốt trong đánh giá xâm lấn diện cắt chu vi (CRM- Circumferential resection margin), xâm lấn mạch máu, bạch huyết, thần kinh (EMVI). Kết luận: CHT có khả năng đánh giá tốt mức độ xâm lấn của u, diện cắt chu vi (CRM) và xâm lấn mạch máu, bạch huyết, thần kinh (EMVI- extramural vascular invasion). Nên ứng dụng CHT rộng rãi trong đánh giá giai đoạn trước mổ của ung thư trực tràng để quyết định lựa chọn phương pháp điều trị phù hợp.
Một số yếu tố liên quan đến năng lực thấu cảm của điều dưỡng viên năm 2021
Authors: Long Nguyễn Hoàng
Published: August 2021

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm mô tả năng lực thấu cảm và một số yếu tố liên quan đến năng lực này trên điều dưỡng viên. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện trên 125 điều dưỡng viên tham gia lớp đào tạo về kỹ năng giao tiếp theo các chương trình chỉ đạo tuyến do Bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên tổ chức. Kết quả: Điểm trung bình mức độ thấu cảm của điều dưỡng là 21,6 (± 2,5) điểm, tương ứng với mức độ thấu cảm trung bình. Nghiên cứu cho thấy sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa khả năng thấu cảm của các nhóm điều dưỡng làm việc tại các khoa/phòng khác nhau (p<0,05). Tuy nhiên, không tìm thấy sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê nào về năng lực này giữa các nhóm tuổi, chức vụ hiện tại, số lượng bệnh nhân tiếp xúc hàng ngày, và kinh nghiệm được đào tạo về kỹ năng giao tiếp. Kết luận: Năng lực thấu cảm của điều dưỡng viên trong nghiên cứu này hiện ở mức trung bình và hiện cần được cải thiện. Các nghiên cứu tiếp theo cần tìm hiểu sâu hơn để có kết luận xác thực hơn về vai trò của các yếu tố có thể ảnh hưởng tới năng lực thấu cảm của điều dưỡng viên.
فن السيرة الذاتية في الأدب العربي تاريخه وملامحه
Authors: جوهر ياسين أكبر
Published: August 2021

This article aims to explore the historical background and features of the art of writing autobiography in Arabic literature. Autobiography is a form of literature. This research examines the art of writing autobiography in Arab history and traces its origins to the ancient Arab customs and traditions. There are several examples of autobiographies in classical Arabic literature that shed light on the art of writing autobiography in Arabic literature. These examples include the autobiographies of Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq, Abū bakr al-Rāzī, and Ḥakīm al-Tirmiḏī etc.
SMM (маркетинг в социальных сетях) экологических групп социальных предпринимателей как способ адаптации к кризису
Authors: Атанасова Анна Атанасовна
Published: August 2021

В условиях пандемии COVID-19 усилился экологический кризис, о чем свидетельствует реакция крупных некоммерческих природоохранных организаций. Задача, которая стоит сегодня перед обществом, заключается в том, чтобы сохранить природоохранную деятельность социальных предпринимателей и экологических активистов как носителей функции экологического просвещения через социальные сети. В связи с отсутствием исследований данной проблемы, автором поставлена цель доказать, что маркетинг в социальных сетях (SMM) является способом адаптации к кризисному периоду. Результаты исследования подтвердили, что проблема уничтожения экологического информационного пространства решается путем экологического просвещения, а функция экологического просвещения реализуется через создание контента в экологических группах в социальных сетях. Автором доказано, что альтруистические ценности в маркетинге в социальных сетях главенствуют над продвижением товаров и услуг, то есть над эгоистическими ценностями.