bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CONTINUAL FORMING AND CONTRIBUTION OF INFECTIVE JUVENILES PRODUCED VIA ENDOTOKIA MATRICIDA OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES IN THE FAMILY OF STEINERNEMATIDAE AND HETERORHABDITIDAE
Authors: Baliadi Yuliantoro , Kondo E. , Yoshiga T.
Published: October 2016

The non-feeding developmentally arrested infective juveniles (IJs) of entomopathogenic nematodes in the family of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae seek out a susceptible insect host and initiate infections. The aim of the research was to examine the continual
forming and contribution of IJs produced via endotokia matricida (IJs-EM) of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema glaseri, and S. carpocapsae. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Nematology of the Saga University, Japan (April 2001-April
2002) and the Laboratory of Nematology of the Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (June 2003-October 2004). The nematode progenies were investigated using the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, pre-inoculated with 50 IJs at 25°C.
Results showed that three reproductive adult generations were observed at day 18th. There were 135,000, 128,000 and 133,000 IJs per insect cadaver produced in H. bacteriophora, S. glaseri and S. carpocapsae, respectively. Endotokia matricida contributed a higher number of IJs than that of a normal mode of IJs production. The ratios are 81%, 28% and 64% for H. bacteriophora, S. glaseri, and S. carpocapsae of the IJs total production, respectively. Among the generations, the highest contribution of IJs was come from the
third adult generation bearing endotokia matricida, i.e., 63%, 24% and 51% for the three nematode species. Although the IJs-EM were more transparent compared to the normal IJs, they were morphologically similar. The results show that endotokia matricida has a pivotal role in a species maintenance and survival strategy of entomopathogenic nematodes in extreme environmental conditions.
EVALUATION OF NATURAL ENEMIES IN CONTROLLING OF THE BANANA WEEVIL BORER Cosmopolites sordidus Germar IN WEST SUMATRA
Authors: Hasyim Ahsol , Azwana Azwana , Syafril Syafril
Published: October 2016

The banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar, is an important pest of highland banana and plantain in Africa, but it exists in low densities in presumed area of origin in Southeast Asia such as in Indonesia. This suggests a possible existence of effective co-evolved natural enemies in the origin area of Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate banana weevil pest status at selected sites in West Sumatra, (2) to survey parasitoids and predators, and (3) to determine the control potential of the most important natural enemies. Surveys were undertaken in March 2002-August 2003 in five locations in West Sumatra, i.e., Bukittinggi, Sitiung, Pariaman, Pasaman, and Batusangkar. Five farms per site were selected randomly among all farms that contained banana stands of > 0.5 ha. Sampling for banana weevil adults and damage, and for predators was done throughout small banana stands and within a 20 m x 40 m (0.08 ha) subplot on larger farms. Field-collected larvae were taken to the laboratory and reared on corm pieces (3 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm) until pupation. Larvae were collected from pseudostem as well as corm residues. To estimate the abundance of non-social predators, i.e., those other than ants, 10 residues each on each farm were examined from plants that had been harvested 1-4 weeks, 5-8 weeks or 9 or more weeks before our visit to the site. Samples of the different morphospecies were saved in alcohol for later identification. The result showed that the banana weevil incidence was found to be low,  0.6-1.7 adults per trap. Plant damage indices were below 2.2%. We collected and reared 24,360 eggs and 3118 larvae, but no parasitism was detected. Phorids (Megaselia sp.) and drosophilids were recovered from larval rearings, but most likely were scavengers. A complex of predators was detected, the most important of which was the histerid beetles,  Plaesius javanus Erichson. In laboratory tests, adults and larvae of P.  javanus attacked 75-88% and 38-53% of banana weevil larvae and pupae, respectively. Predatory ants, including species of Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Formicinae, and Dolichoderinae, were found to be associated with banana plants and residues. Adults of Myopopone castanea Smith (Ponerinae) were directly observed attacking banana weevil larvae in crop residues. The adult banana weevil mortalities caused by the entomopathogen fungi of Beauveria bassiana from Baso, Sungaitarab, Sei Sariek, and Sikabau at highest density (3.2 x 108 spores ml-1) after two weeks were 96.67%, 90.00%, 60.00% and 83.33%, respectively. The high diversity of habitat conditions in which crop-pest-natural enemies systems exist, support the idea that banana weevil population and damage intensity in the study area is low due to active role of natural enemies.
RESPONSE OF POTATO TO POTASSIUM FERTILIZER SOURCES AND APPLICATION METHODS IN ANDISOLS OF WEST JAVA
Authors: Gunadi Nikardi
Published: October 2016

An experiment to determine the response of potato to potassium (K) fertilizer sources and application methods in Andisols of West Java was conducted at a farmer’s field in the highland area of Pangalengan (1400 m asl.), West Java from August to November 2004. The treatments consisted of two K fertilizer sources (potassium chloride-KCl and potassium sulphate-K2SO4), two K rates (150 and 250 kg K2O ha-1), and three application methods (single, split, and split combined with foliar application), were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. In the single application treatment, K was applied at planting, while in the split application treatment the K was applied half rate at planting and the rest at 6 weeks after planting (WAP). In the split combined with foliar application treatment, the K fertilizer was applied half rate at planting, a quarter rate at 6 WAP and another quarter rate by foliar spraying at 7, 8 and 9 WAP. The results showed that plant height was not significantly affected by the treatment (P >0.05). However, the sources and application methods of K fertilizer affected canopy cover, crop cover weeks (CCW), tuber dry weight (DW), and total plant DW at 10 WAP. Potatoes supplied with K2SO4 either in split or split combined with foliar application had significantly higher percent canopy cover, CCW, tuber DW, and total plant DW than those supplied with K fertilizer in single application. Potatoes supplied with K2SO4 had a higher tuber yield compared to those fertilized with KCl, especially under split or split combined with foliar application. To attain the same level of tuber yield as in the split combined with foliar application method, the rate of K2SO4 should be increased from 150 to 250 kg K2O ha-1 when using single application. It is therefore suggested that K2SO4 for potatoes should be used in split application combined with foliar application.
METHANE EMISSION FROM PADDY FIELDS AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT WATER REGIMES IN CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Setyanto Prihasto , Bakar Rosenani Abu
Published: October 2016

The concentration of methane (CH4) in the atmosphere is increasing at 1% per annum and rice fields are one of the sources that contribute to about 10-15% of the atmospheric CH4. One of the options to reduce greenhouse gas emission from rice fields is probably through water management. A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of water management practices on CH4 emission from rice field plots on a silty sand Aeric Tropaquept soil at Research Station for Agricultural Environment Preservation, Jakenan, Central Java, Indonesia, during the dry season of March to June 2002. Four water regimes tested were: (1) 5 cm continuous flooding (CF), (2) 0-1 cm continuous flooding (ST), (3) intermittent irrigation (IR) where plots received continuously 5 cm of flooding with two times of draining at 15-20 and 25-30 days after transplanting (DAT), and (4) pulse irrigation (PI) where plots were watered until 5 cm level and left to dry by itself until the water table reached 30 cm beneath soil surface then watered again. The total CH4 emissions of the four water treatments were 254, 185, 136 and 96 kg CH4 ha-1 for CF, ST, IR and PI, respectively. Methane emission increased during the early growing season, which coincided with the low redox potential of -100 to -150 mV in all treatments. Dry matter weight of straw and filled grain among the water treatments did not show significant differences. Likewise, total grain yield at 14% moisture content was not significantly different among treatments. However, this result should be carefully interpreted because the rice plants in all water treatments were infested by stem borer, which reduced the total grain yield of IR64 between 11% and 16%. This study suggests that intermittent and pulse irrigation practices will be important not only for water use efficiency, but also for CH4 emission reduction.
BIOLOGY AND INTRINSIC GROWTH RATE OF EARWIG (Euborellia annulata)
Authors: Nonci Nurnina
Published: October 2016

Earwig (Euborellia annulata) is a potential predator of corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), one of the most important pests of corn. To include the use of predator in integrated pest management (IPM) to control the pest, it is necessary to understand the basic information of the predator. This study aimed to know biology and intrinsic growth rate of the predator feed on an artificial media (dog food). Ten pairs of newly emerging adults of the predator were placed in a small plastic container containing a mixture of soil and sand (1:1 v/v) supplemented with an artificial food. The average temperature and relative humidity during the study were kept at 27.9-30.3oC and 76.7-92.3%, respectively. The biological aspects of the predator evaluated were number of eggs laid, hatched, and died, as well as its oviposition period and adult mortality. The intrinsic growth rate was studied from a group of 200 newly laid eggs and results were analyzed based on the method of Birch. The biological aspects study showed that number of eggs laid by a single female of E. annulata was 86-166, which were laid five times in a group of 9-45 eggs. The nymph consists of five instars. Length of nymphs varied ranging from 4 to 13 mm depends on their instar. The fifth instar nymph period was 4-6 days for female and 2-3 days for male. The period of first mating was shorter; the shortest was 2 minutes and the longest one was 70 minutes. Both male and female were able to do mating several times at an interval of several seconds or minutes. Pre-oviposition period was 6-13 days. The eggs were deposited five times, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth oviposition period were 7-22 days, 7-21 days, 7-18 days, 11-18 days, and 11-21 days, respectively. The oviposition period was 32-59 days and postoviposition period was 21-51 days. Ratio between male and female was 1.4:1.0. The average natural mortality of E. annulata was 10.5% which means that 89.5% of deposited eggs hatched became nymphs. The study also revealed that the intrinsic growth rate (r) of the predator was 0.0772, net reproductive rate (R0) 80.16, limited growth rate (λ) 1.17, nymph stage period 39-46 days, and adult longevity of male and female were 57-75 and 61-89 days, respectively. The study implies that E. annulata is potential to be incorporated in IPM for controlling corn borer.
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF FACTORS DETERMINING PHOSPHATE ROCK DISSOLUTION ON ACID SOILS
Authors: Hilman Yusdar , Rahim Anuar Abdul , Musa Mohamed Hanafi , Hashim Azizah
Published: October 2016

Many of the agricultural soils in Indonesia are acidic and low in both total and available phosphorus which severely limits their potential for crops production. These problems can be corrected by application of chemical fertilizers. However, these fertilizers are expensive, and cheaper alternatives such as phosphate rock (PR) have been considered. Several soil factors may influence the dissolution of PR in soils, including both chemical and physical properties. The study aimed to identify PR dissolution factors and evaluate their relative magnitude. The experiment was conducted in Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development from January to April 2002. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to characterize acid soils in an incubation system into a number of factors that may affect PR dissolution. Three major factors selected were soil texture, soil acidity, and fertilization. Using the scores of individual factors as independent variables, stepwise regression analysis was performed to derive a PR dissolution function. The factors influencing PR dissolution in order of importance were soil texture, soil acidity, then fertilization. Soil texture factors including clay content and organic C, and soil acidity factor such as P retention capacity interacted positively with P dissolution and promoted PR dissolution effectively. Soil texture factors, such as sand and silt content, soil acidity factors such as pH, and exchangeable Ca decreased PR dissolution.
THE INHERITANCE OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF FIVE WHEAT HYBRID POPULATIONS UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS
Authors: Ahmed Nisar , Chowdhry Muhammad Aslam , Khaliq Ihsan , Maekawa Masahiko
Published: October 2016

The magnitude of genetic inheritance and expected genetic advance are important for the prediction of response to selection in diverse environments and provide the basis for planning and evaluating breeding programs. This work investigated the inheritance of traits related to drought in wheat under natural drought conditions. Cross combinations were made to produce F1 and F2 hybrid populations, which were evaluated in a randomized completed block design with three replications at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Six wheat varieties/lines and six derived F2 hybrids were studied to ascertain heritability and genetic advance for plant height, days taken to maturity, number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant. Data were collected and subjected to statistical genetic analyses. Heritability estimates and expected genetic advance for plant height, days taken to maturity, number of tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant were high for the entire cross combinations while the estimates for spike length and number of grains per spike were relatively low. Our results suggest that improvement for these characters should be faster because of higher heritabilities and greater phenotypic variation. Prospects of genetic improvement for all the characters studied are evident. The most promising cross combinations were WL60 × LU26S and WL61 × LU26S. These traits, therefore, deserve better attention in future breeding programs for evolving better wheat for stress environments. 
REGENERATION OF Pimpinella pruatjan THROUGH SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS
Authors: Roostika I. , Purnamaningsih R. , Darwati I. , Mariska I.
Published: October 2016

Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is an Indonesian endangered plant which has various medicinal properties such as aphrodisiac, diuretic, and tonic. The plant is commonly harvested from its natural habitat, therefore it becomes endangered. Regeneration of pruatjan through organogenesis has been studied, but its shoot multiplication was very low (5 shoots per explant). The study aimed to investigate the best regeneration technique of pruatjan through somatic embryogenesis. This research was conducted at the tissue culture laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development in 2004-2005. Callus formation of pruatjan was induced from the petioles and leaves in Driver and Kuniyaki’s (DKW) based medium containing 2,4-D combined with picloram at the level of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 1.5 ppm. Embryogenic calli were then transferred into embryo development medium in two ways. First, they were directly transferred into media containing IBA/NAA at the level of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm. Second, they were indirectly transferred into media containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% casein hydrolysate prior to the IBA/ NAA media. Parameters evaluated were fresh weight, dry weight, time initiation of embryogenic callus formation, and total number of embryos. The result showed that calli of pruatjan were successfully induced from the petioles and leaves. The best calli were induced from the leaves in the DKW medium containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.5 ppm picloram. Embryo development of the calli was best if they were first grown in the media containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% casein hydrolysate then transferred to the IBA/NAA media. The total number of somatic embryos was counted up to 103 on the medium containing 1.5 ppm IBA. This study indicated that pruatjan somatic embryogenesis regeneration required three different media, i.e. for callus induction, development and maturation, and for germination.
PEMANFAATAN TELECENTER BALAI INFORMASI MASYARAKAT OLEH PETANI TANAMAN HIAS (KASUS DESA CIHIDEUNG)
Authors: Muslim Acep
Published: October 2016

Program penyediaan akses internet di pedesaan telah dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak sejak tahun 2000. Keberadaan fasilitas internet melalui program Balai Informasi Masyarakat (BIM) tidak saja sebagai salah satu sumber informasi bagi masyarakat pedesaan, tetapi juga merupakan media untuk kegiatan pengembangan masyarakat desa. Pengkajian dilakukan untuk melihat pola komunikasi dan mengetahui pemanfaatan telecenter BIM di Desa Cihideung, Kecamatan Parongpong, Kabupaten Bandung Barat, dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan informasi para petani tanaman hias. Pengkajian dilaksanakan dengan metode kualitatif. Analisis data didasarkan pada hasil wawancara dengan para petani, pengurus BIM, dan pengamatan aktivitas di BIM. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pola komunikasi dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan informasi yang dilakukan oleh para petani Cihideung adalah komunikasi secara langsung, interpersonal, dengan sumber-sumber informasi yang bersifat personal dan tidak termediasi. Telecenter BIM sebagai media komunikasi dan sumber informasi belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal oleh para petani tanaman hias.
KAJIAN PENILAIAN ANGKA KREDIT PUSTAKAWAN LINGKUP KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN
Authors: Andriaty Etty , Hendrawaty Hendrawaty
Published: October 2016

Salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk mengukur kompetensi jabatan fungsional pustakawan adalah melalui penilaian hasil pekerjaan. Jenjang jabatan diukur berdasarkan kompetensi yang dimiliki pustakawan yang tercermin pada nilai kredit kumulatif yang dicapai pustakawan yang bersangkutan. Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengevaluasi kinerja pustakawan lingkup Kementerian Pertanian melalui penilaian hasil kegiatan, (2) mengetahui kesenjangan penilaian, dan (3) mengidentifikasi masalah dalam penilaian angka kredit pustakawan. Pengkajian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2012 melalui analisis isi terhadap 244 berkas daftar usulan penetapan angka kredit dan dokumen hasil penilaian angka kredit hasil rapat pleno Tim Penilai Jabatan Fungsional Pustakawan Instansi Kementerian Pertanian periode 2007-2011. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah angka kredit yang diajukan pustakawan berbeda dengan hasil penilaian Tim Penilai. Rata-rata nilai yang disetujui oleh Tim Penilai hanya 75,80% atau turun 24,20% dari yang diajukan pustakawan. Kegiatan pengembangan profesi, pemasyarakatan dan pengkajian perpustakaan, dokumentasi dan informasi (perpusdokinfo) belum dilaporkan oleh semua pustakawan. Masalah dalam penilaian angka kredit adalah ketidaklengkapan dokumen yang akan dinilai dan belum adanya kesamaan persepsi mengenai cara penghitungan angka kredit untuk tiap butir kegiatan antara Tim Penilai dan pustakawan.
UJI PARUH HIDUP ARTIKEL PADA MAJALAH ILMIAH BAWAL: WIDYA RISET PERIKANAN TANGKAP
Authors: Endrawati Teti
Published: October 2016

Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui paruh hidup literatur/dokumen yang disitir dalam artikel bidang kelautan dan perikanan,  produktivitas penulis dan impact factor majalah ilmiah Bawal: Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap tahun 2006-2012. Penghitungan paruh hidup literatur menggunakan rumus median yang dikemukakan oleh Azwar (2004), yaitu: Md = Lmd + (Jmd)/(Fmd).i. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan majalah  ilmiah Bawal dalam kurun waktu 7 tahun (2006-2012) telah menerbitkan 153 artikel dengan 2.183 sitiran. Nilai paruh hidup literatur yang diperoleh adalah 16 tahun. Artinya sitiran yang di bawah tahun 1996 sebanyak 1.117 sitiran (51%) dianggap usang, dan sitiran yang di atas tahun 1996 sebanyak 1.066 sitiran (49%) dinilai up to date. Kecenderungan banyaknya penggunaan literatur yang dianggap usang, menggambarkan minimnya literatur mengenai kelautan dan perikanan yang mutakhir. Penulis yang paling produktif adalah peneliti dari kelompok peneliti (Kelti) Sumber Daya Ikan dari Pusat Penelitian Pengelolaan Perikanan dan Konservasi Sumber Daya Ikan (P4KSI), Ancol-Jakarta yang menyumbang 30 artikel (44%), diikuti penulis dari Kelti Pelagis Besar dari Balai Penelitian Perikanan Laut (BPPL) Muara Baru-Jakarta, dengan tulisan sebanyak 26 artikel (29%), dan Kelti Perikanan Estuari dari Balai Penelitian Perikanan Perairan Umum (BP3U) Palembang dengan jumlah tulisan 23 artikel (32%). Secara kumulatif, nilai impact factor majalah Bawal sebesar 0,17.
USABILITY TESTING Sistem Informasi: Studi kasus pada Aplikasi Repositori Publikasi Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian
Authors: Henriyadi Henriyadi , Mulyati Rusmini
Published: October 2016

Usability testing atau uji ketergunaan sebuah aplikasi merupakan bagian terintegrasi dalam sebuah daur hidup pengembangan sistem (system development life cycle). Usability testing adalah salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk melihat tingkat kemudahan pengguna dalam berinteraksi dengan sebuah sistem informasi. Dalam kajian ini yang digunakan sebagai studi kasus adalah pengelola data aplikasi repositori publikasi Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Kajian dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif berbasis kuesioner menggunakan skala Likert dan kualitatif untuk pertanyaan terbuka. Responden dalam kajian ini sebanyak 13 pengelola data di UK/UPT lingkup Badan Litbang Pertanian. Kuesioner terdiri atas 3 kelompok, yaitu: (1) karakteristik responden, (2) penilaian teknis, dan (3) permasalahan dan saran. Kuesioner penilaian teknis disajikan dalam bentuk 22 pernyataan yang dikelompokkan dalam lima aspek. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pengelola data cukup nyaman berinteraksi dengan aplikasi repositori dalam beberapa aspek. Namun masih terdapat dua aspek (administrasi dan tampilan serta halaman statistik), dimana kurang dari 75% responden menyatakan mudah dan nyaman dalam berinteraksi dengan aplikasi repositori. Permasalahan yang dihadapi utamanya adalah kualitas koneksi internet dan kesulitan dalam akses data dokumen lengkap. Untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut, selain penambahan fitur layanan, salah satu fokus yang harus diperhatikan adalah aspek tampilan front-end dan back-end yang perlu dikembangkan agar lebih user friendly serta halaman statistik yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna.
Increasing Soluble Phosphate Species by Treatment of Phosphate Rocks with Acidic Waste
Authors: Santos Wedisson O. , Hesterberg Dean , Mattiello Edson M. , Vergütz Leonardus , Barreto Matheus S. C. , Silva Ivo R. , Souza Filho Luiz F. S.
Published: October 2016

The development of efficient fertilizers with a diminished environmental footprint will help meet the increasing demand for food and nutrients by a growing global population. Our objective was to evaluate whether an acidic mine waste (AMW) could be used beneficially by reacting it with sparingly soluble phosphate rocks (PRs) to produce more soluble P fertilizer materials. Three PRs from Brazil and Peru were reacted with different concentrations of AMW. Changes in mineralogy and P species were determined using a combination of X‐ray diffraction and phosphorus K‐edge XANES spectroscopy, in addition to extractable P concentrations. Increasing the AMW concentration typically increased extractable P. X‐ray diffraction data showed transformation of apatite to other species when PRs were reacted with AMW at ≥50% (v/v) in water, with gypsum or anhydrite forming at AMW concentrations as low as 12.5%. Linear combination fitting analysis of X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectra also indicated a progressive transformation of apatite to noncrystalline Fe(III)‐phosphate and more soluble Ca‐phosphates with increasing AMW concentration. Because this AMW is costly to dispose of, reacting it with PR to produce a higher‐grade phosphate fertilizer material could decrease the environmental impacts of the AMW and diminish the consumption of pure acids in conventional P fertilizer production.

Core Ideas

Reusing fertilizer production waste can lower its environmental impact and enhance crop production.

We evaluated products of acid mining waste reacted with phosphate rocks.

Chemical speciation analyses indicated conversion of apatite to more soluble phosphates.

New P products have agronomic potential.

Plant growth tests are needed to measure these P products’ performance as fertilizers.
Influência da aplicação de vinhaça e cinza de caldeira tratados por Processo n-Viro sobre a população microbiana do solo de Maringá-PR
Authors: Cucolo Murilo Cezar , Tomoike Milene Harumi , Schmidt Filho Edison , Emanuelli Isabele Picada , Velho Luiz Felipe Machado
Published: October 2016

Com a decadência da cafeicultura no Norte do Estado do Paraná no início da década de 1980, a cultura da cana-de-açúcar tornou-se uma das principais atividades agrícolas da região, fazendo o estado ser o segundo maior produtor desta matéria-prima, que é fortemente utilizada para as indústrias de açúcar e etanol. Durante o processo de produção do açúcar e do etanol são gerados grandes quantidades de resíduos, dentre os quais podemos citar o bagaço ou palha, torta de filtro, vinhaça, cinzas e fuligens, comumente utilizadas na obtenção de energias renováveis, ou até mesmo na adubação das áreas destinadas à cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Este estudo pretende mostrar as relações entre os resíduos da produção sucroalcooleira e os componentes químicos do solo visando a uma destinação apropriada e sustentável. Para isso, fez-se um estudo em laboratório para avaliar a interação entre diferentes doses de vinhaça e cinza de caldeira tratados por Processo n-Viro, aplicadas no solo e sua relação nas populações microbianas existente nas amostras de solos.
A triagem e catação de recicláveis dentro do aterro sanitário, como condicionante de vulnerabilização social de excluídos em Boa Vista-RR
Authors: Scacabarossi Haroldo , Medeiros Yasnara Silveira de
Published: October 2016

A triagem e a catação de recicláveis dentro do Aterro Sanitário do Município de Boa Vista, capital do Estado de Roraima estão se tornando as condicionantes principais no processo de vulnerabilização social dos já excluídos, oriundos de diversas regiões do Estado. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar o delineamento conceitual da problemática da triagem de recicláveis no Município de Boa Vista, no que diz respeito aos atores principais dos processos de catação e triagem praticados no interior do Aterro Sanitário de Boa Vista e propiciar uma discussão acerca da abordagem teórico-metodológica das variáveis dos processos, frente às recentes transformações socioambientais ligadas ao tema. As atividades ilegais de catação e triagem de recicláveis dentro de uma área pertencente ao município gera uma série de questionamentos, uma vez que o acesso ao interior do aterro é feito de forma clandestina e irregular. A problemática não está por se resolver em curto espaço de tempo, como tenta fazer o executivo municipal, entendendo que disponibilizar alternativas de melhoria na condição social e de renda para os que ali atuam seria o primeiro passo. As medidas propostas pelo Guia de Atuação Ministerial para o encerramento de lixões, enfatizadas na pesquisa, contemplam, quase em sua totalidade, as inúmeras medidas necessárias à inclusão desses trabalhadores em uma melhor condição social.
A conformal bootstrap approach to critical percolation in two dimensions
Authors: Picco Marco , Ribault Sylvain , Santachiara Raoul
Published: October 2016

We study four-point functions of critical percolation in two
dimensions, and more generally of the Potts model. We propose an exact
ansatz for the spectrum: an infinite, discrete and non-diagonal
combination of representations of the Virasoro algebra. Based on this
ansatz, we compute four-point functions using a numerical conformal
bootstrap approach. The results agree with Monte-Carlo computations of
connectivities of random clusters.
Effect of inbreeding and sex on growth and slaughter traits in rabbits
Authors: Pałka Sylwia , Maj Dorota , Bieniek Józef , Derewicka Olga
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was the analysis of meat production traits based on pre-slaughter traits (body weight, growth rate, daily gain) and post-slaughter traits (carcass traits, dressing out percentages). Materials were New Zealand White and Belgian Giant Grey crossbred rabbits. Two variants of crossing were used. Variant I – crossbred (F1) unrelated rabbits (RAB = 0) – received non-inbred rabbits (Fx = 0), variant II – crossbred (F1) related rabbits (full siblings RAB = 0.5) – received inbred rabbits (Fx = 0.25). Pre-slaughter traits were analyzed for 106 animals (75♂ : 31♀) while post-slaughter traits for 84 animals (53♂ : 31♀). Inbreeding coefficients were calculated using a CFC program. After weaning at 35 days of age, animals were fed pellets ad libitum. Rabbits were weighed weekly from birth to 12 weeks of age. Slaughter and dissection at 12 weeks of age were performed. The results indicated that inbreeding and sex had a significant effect on meat production traits. During the rearing period inbred animals had a significantly lower body weight. Inbred rabbits also had a significantly higher fat and bone content in the fore part, bone in loin, in hind part and whole carcass and lower meat and fat content in carcass and loin. The males had a significantly higher body weight at birth and 2 and 4 weeks of age, while females were characterized by a significantly higher body weight in the 1st, 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th weeks of rearing. Significant differences between males and females in fat content in the fore part and loin were observed.
Antibacterial activity of bacteriophages isolated from poultry against Shiga-toxic strains of Esherichia coli isolated from calves
Authors: Alomari Mohammed Mijbas Mohammed , Nowaczek Anna , Dec Marta , Urban-Chmiel Renata
Published: October 2016

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of selected bacteriophages obtained from poultry against selected Shiga-positive Escherichia coli strains isolated from calves under in vitro conditions. Eight bacteriophages of the families Myoviridae and Siphoviridae, isolated from different poultry housing sys-tems in south-eastern Poland, were used in the experiment. Bacteriophage morphology was examined with a transmission electron microscope on negative-stained slides with 2% silicotungstate. The range of lytic activity against Shiga-toxin-producing strains of E. coli was determined by a plaque assay on double-layer top agar plates. Twelve Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli strains isolated from calves were obtained from the National Veterinary Research Institute in Puławy (Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin), and nine of our own strains were collected from calves with clinical signs of diarrhoea in the Lublin region. The results obtained showed that the phages specific to E. coli isolated from poultry express strong lytic anti-bacterial properties against Shiga-positive E. coli isolated from calves. These phages exhibited complete lysis of E. coli strains on double-layer agar plates. This result confirms the lack of a species barrier in the antibacte-rial activity of bacteriophages, which suggests their usefulness in eliminating E. coli infections in cattle.
Investigations into feather abnormalities in racing pigeons
Authors: Dolka Beata , Dolka Izabella , Ledwoń Aleksandra , Sapierzyński Rafał , Koralewski Andrzej , Szeleszczuk Piotr
Published: October 2016

The present study reports cases of feather abnormalities in young racing pigeons from four different lofts. The pigeons from the first three sources were characterized by among other things loss of feathers, stunted feathers, vane discoloration, feather dystrophy. In pigeons from the fourth loft, vanes were unevenly developed, while the shafts in wing feathers were narrow and had an hourglass appearance. Investigation revealed a history of pox, vaccination and deworming in some cases. Clinical, microbiological, parasitological examinations, hematology, PCR assays, necropsy and histopathology were performed. The presence of Eimeria spp., Trichomonas spp., and single Columbicola columbae were demonstrated. Pigeon circovirus (PiCV) DNA was confirmed in tissues and affected feathers of pigeons from the first three sources. Histopathology revealed the lymphoid depletion and the presence of the pathognomonic inclusion bodies in the bursa of Fabricius. In the fourth loft, a paramyxovirus infection (APMV-1) was confirmed by RT-PCR. The microscopic lesions in the feathers were similar, despite their different macroscopic appearance compared to previous cases. It seems that feather abnormalities may be the effect of a combination of several factors (infectious and non-infectious).
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) in water and sanitation in India: lessons from China
Authors: Wu Xun , Schuyler House R. , Peri Ravi
Published: October 2016

Since the 1990s China has emerged as one of the world's most active markets for public-private partnerships (PPPs) in water and sanitation, while the private sector has played a rather limited role in the water sector in India. From 2001 to 2012, there were 237 PPP projects in water and sanitation in China, accounting for 40% of the total number of such projects globally, and the Chinese population served by private water companies increased from merely 8% in 1989 to 38% in 2008. Development of PPPs in the water sector in India during the same period was insignificant. Our comparative analysis of PPPs in water and sanitation in the two countries highlights the importance of water tariff reform, strong support and oversight from the national government, and the availability of credible regulatory mechanisms to safeguard development and sustainability of PPPs in the water sector.
Synthesis of a novel magnetic polyacrylamide coagulant and its application in wastewater purification
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Shan Aiqin , Zhao Yuxia
Published: October 2016

In this study, a novel magnetic polyacrylamide (PAM) coagulant based on the core of magnetite (Fe3O4), with oleic acid serving as modifier and acrylamide as monomer, was synthesized to remove suspended solids in kaolin-suspended water. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermo gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that 82.8% of turbidity removal rate was obtained in 5 min of static settling in simulated kaolin-suspended water. This proved to be superior to that of PAM and poly aluminum chloride. Also confirmed in this study was the fact that zeta potential was significantly correlated with turbidity removal.
Eugenio Landesio, teórico y crítico de arte
Authors: Moyssén Xavier
Published: October 2016

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Pectoral del Templo Mayor con la figura de una deidad
Authors: Gutiérrez Solana Nelly
Published: October 2016

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La construcción del Palacio del Ayuntamiento. Notas históricas
Authors: Vidargas Francisco Emanuel
Published: October 2016

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José Luis S. López Reyes (1947-1992)
Authors: Pineda Raquel
Published: October 2016

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Dos series de pinturas de Francisco Clapera
Authors: Bargellini Clara
Published: October 2016

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Popular Culture and High Art in the Work Of Oscar Niemeyer
Authors: Underwood David
Published: October 2016

In his early domestic architecture, Oscar Niemeyer following the footsteps of Le Corbusier “monumentalized” the modernist and the Brazilian. Niemeyer’s later work is a more aggressive interactive process: the manipulation of popular traditions for the ideological purposes of populist politics. Niemeyer has reshaped the ritual of the carnival festival by creating a unique space for its yearly celebration: the “Sambódromo.” The institutionalization of the samba parade into a fixed architectural contex implies a demagogic (elite-controlled) restructuring of popular ritual.
De Bonampak al Templo Mayor: el azul maya en Mesoamérica, de Constantino Reyes Valerio
Authors: De la Fuente Beatriz
Published: October 2016

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El sonido de lo propio. José Rolón (1876-1945), de Ricardo Miranda
Authors: Velazco Jorge
Published: October 2016

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El espejo en la cruz. Una reflexión medieval sobre las cruces atriales mexicanas
Authors: Lara Jaime
Published: October 2016

Hasta ahora, la interpretación habitual acerca de la iconografía de las cruces atriales mexicanas del siglo xvi las relacionaba con la misa de San Gregorio Magno. La frecuente presencia de Arma Christi en la decoración de las cruces, sin embargo, podría relacionarlas más bien con las doctrinas escatológicas de la baja Edad Media europea. Este artículo muestra muchos casos en que tal conexión, más que verosímil, es francamente notoria.
El pintor José Rodríguez Carnero (1649-1725). Nuevas noticias y bosquejo biográfico
Authors: Ruiz Gomar Rogelio
Published: October 2016

Un pintor con dos nombres, una vida dividida entre las dos ciudades principales de la Nueva España: la biografía de José Rodríguez Carnero, en efecto, parece atravesada por un abismo sutil pero infranqueable. En este artículo, Rogelio Ruiz Gomar muestra claramente los vínculos entre ambas porciones de esa vida, funde en un solo perso-naje los nombres de José Rodríguez de los Santos y José Rodríguez Carnero, y aun sugiere una relación directa entre la organización gremial de los pintores y doradores de la ciudad de México y el movimiento análogo de esos artesanos en Puebla.
Espacios distantes... Aún vivos. Las salas cinematográficas de la ciudad de México, de Francisco Haroldo Alfaro Salazar y Alejandro Ochoa Vega
Authors: Noelle Louise
Published: October 2016

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Exploraciones sobre la construcción y la reconstrucción coreográficas
Authors: Dallal Alberto
Published: October 2016

En este artículo de carácter teórico, Alberto Dallal comienza definiendo el fenómeno dancístico como el movimiento siempre “significativo” de los cuerpos en el espacio para precisar las características de la composición coreográfica. Plantea los problemas de notación inherentes al espacio de la coreografía, así como la carencia de un lenguaje universalmente aceptado y utilizado que permita el registro “perdurable” y legible en todo momento y lugar de las evoluciones dancísticas conseguidas en cada sesión memorable. Asimismo explica los problemas que plantean otros elementos del fenómeno dancístico, tales como el tiempo —o las diferentes clases de tiempo— y los equivalentes al “silencio” musical, es decir el “no-movimiento” y el “no-sentido” como partes constitutivas (complementarias y necesarias) de la danza, aun cuando, paradójicamente, sean sus antípodas. Todas estas explicaciones de la problemática relativa al ámbito de la coreografía permiten al autor ponderar la importancia cada vez mayor que ha tenido el coreógrafo en nuestras sociedades modernas, dado el alto grado de especialización que exigen las manifestaciones artísticas de nuestros días.
Manuel de Amat y Junyent y la Navona de Lima: un ejemplo de diseño urbano barroco del siglo XVIII en el virreinato de Perú
Authors: Rodríguez Camilloni Humberto
Published: October 2016

En este artículo se hace un elogio a la labor arquitectónica y urbanística del virrey Manuel de Amat y Junyent. Con base en documentos de archivos y en un pormenorizado análisis formal de las obras, Humberto Rodríguez Camilloni reconstruye la belleza y funcionalidad que debió tener la Lima virreinal del último periodo. Asimismo, expone las principales razones que pueden esgrimirse para atribuir a este virrey ilustrado algunas obras cuya paternidad parecía estar en duda. Inspirado en los modelos barrocos italianos, a partir de 1761 en que obtuvo su nombramiento, el arquitecto-virrey Amat pretendió convertir “la Ciudad de los Reyes” en una ciudad eterna, como era Roma en el ideal de los intelectuales, pero con una fisonomía propia, adaptada a las características topológicas y a las necesidades del reino, con un impulso modernizador que no se volvería a igualar jamás.
Xavier Moyssén. Una presencia asidua
Authors: Noelle Louise
Published: October 2016

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El plano de Sankt Gallen
Authors: Chanfón Olmos Carlos
Published: October 2016

La naturaleza del Plano de Sankt Gallen, documento carolingio del siglo ix, se examina a partir de los hallazgos y las consideraciones posteriores a la publicación del estudio de Walter Horn y Ernest Born sobre el tema. Los datos obtenidos gracias a investigaciones recientes fundamentan la reflexión acerca de que el documento constituye un esquema de funciones y no un plano ejecutivo. Se enfatiza la importancia de una revisión atenta de las circunstancias culturales que rodearon la realización del plano, puesto que los cambios ocurridos durante la reforma monacal propugnada por san Benito de Anguiano supusieron una transformación formal de los monasterios para adaptarse a las necesidades nacientes. Se señala, asimismo, la relación de la apertura de los templos benedictinos a los laicos con la tardía adopción durante la primera mitad del siglo xvi en la Nueva España de soluciones arquitectónicas abandonadas hacía ya dos centurias en el viejo continente, adopción inscrita en el contexto de la función evangelizadora de las órdenes mendicantes en el Nuevo Mundo.
Pintura militar: entre lo episódico y la acción de masas
Authors: Báez Macías Eduardo
Published: October 2016

La Intervención francesa en 1862 fue vista de manera diferente por los artistas mexicanos. En este artículo se comparan las versiones de Francisco de P. Mendoza y Constantino Escalante. El primero fue un pintor formado en la Escuela de Bellas Artes y el segundo un dibujante que sobresalió en la litografía y la caricatura. Mendoza pintó por encargo oficial la serie de batallas que dieron gloria a Porfirio Díaz. Escalante ilustró el conflicto desde un punto de vista más libre y espontáneo, motivado por sus ideas liberales. Así, mientras el pintor proporciona una visión académica y anecdótica, el litógrafo, mejor dibujante, ofrece una visión más viva y expresiva, en la que son los cuerpos del ejército los verdaderos protagonistas.
En defensa de la pintura. Ciudad de México, 1753
Authors: Ramírez Montes Mina
Published: October 2016

Luego de una introducción sobre las academias de pintura en México, previas a la de San Carlos, se plantea el problema de la liberalidad, ingenuidad y nobleza de la pintura, a la vez que se analiza una carta al virrey, suscrita por los principales pintores y grabadores de la capital del virreinato, encabezados por José de Ibarra y Baltasar Troncoso y Sotomayor, en la que hacen un análisis del valor de la obra pictórica y de la calidad étnica de sus ejecutantes, con la finalidad de conseguir de las autoridades su protección en el comercio del arte, la exención de tributos y la consideración de su quehacer en un rango equiparable al de las artes liberales y científicas, donde el trabajo intelectual rebasa al mecánico. Se remiten a la práctica de las ciencias y las artes en Grecia y Roma al mencionar cómo la pintura fue un quehacer de nobles, y en su tiempo diversión de reyes, caballeros y eclesiásticos. Resalta además la preocupación de pintores y grabadores por la calidad del dibujo en beneficio de la producción de obras. Se concluye con la idea que dejaron latente los artífices de concebir su oficio como un proceso creativo de reflexión intelectual.
El Calavera: la caricatura en tiempos de guerra
Authors: Bonilla Reyna Helia Emma
Published: October 2016

Las caricaturas del periódico El Calavera, documentan las pugnas internas que vivió México durante uno de los momentos más críticos de su historia (la guerra con los Estados Unidos), pero sobre todo, y a pesar de su sencillez, dan cuenta de la continuidad en el uso de recursos como el sueño y la alegoría, presentes en la literatura y las imágenes desde fines de la Colonia y durante el periodo postindependentista, hasta mediados del siglo XIX, y aun después; asimismo, indican el uso persistente de los topoi o motivos paradigmáticos, utilizados quizá con mucha antelación en la literatura periodística, en el lenguaje cotidiano y aún en la retórica, así como en las imágenes satíricas europeas.
René Taylor
Authors: Rodríguez Zuleta Iliana
Published: October 2016

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José Juárez, recursos y discursos del arte de pintar, de Nelly Sigaut
Authors: Cuadriello Jaime
Published: October 2016

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Estudio, devoción y belleza. Obras selectas de la Pinacoteca Universitaria. Siglos XVII-XX, de Eduardo Merlo y Velia Morales
Authors: Ruiz Gomar Rogelio
Published: October 2016

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Roberto Montenegro y los artistas americanos en Mallorca (1914-1919)
Authors: Gutiérrez Viñuales Rodrigo
Published: October 2016

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo ampliar el conocimiento de uno de los momentos artísticos más peculiares del arte latinoamericano de comienzos del siglo XX. Tomando como referencia central la trayectoria de Roberto Montenegro, sobre cuya obra se aportan nuevos indicios, se aspira a mostrar el entorno de influencias y relaciones en el cual se movió durante sus años europeos, en especial el periodo en que residió en la isla de Mallorca. Se hace hincapié, asimismo, en la obra de otros artistas americanos que, al igual que el tapatío, se formaron junto al catalán Hermen Anglada Camarasa en París y que poco antes del estallido de la guerra del 14 se trasladaron a las Baleares. El paisaje mallorquín, y especialmente los tipos costumbristas, se constituyen para ellos en fuentes de inspiración, destacando entre las últimas la imagen de la mujer que será objeto de representación no solamente en la pintura sino también en las ilustraciones realizadas, sobre todo por Montenegro y el argentino Gregorio López Naguil, para libros y revistas. Otro eje de análisis es el espíritu americanista que cultivaron estos artistas, aun lejos de sus respectivas naciones, y que, a su regreso, se afianzaría como una de sus líneas ideológicas y artísticas.
¿Qué es hoy moderno? La arquitectura en una sociedad radicalmente modernizada
Authors: Schwarz Ullrich
Published: October 2016

Partiendo del diagnóstico de que la arquitectura actual carece de una profunda legitimación teórica, el artículo perfila los problemas enfrentados al tratar de establecer un discurso serio sobre la producción arquitectónica que rebase los límites del marketing en el star system de arquitectos globalizados como Peter Eisenman y Rem Koolhaas. En contra de la erosión creciente de la importancia cultural de la arquitectura, se propone registrar y revisar las formas arquitectónicas conforme a la idea de la “modernidad reflexiva”, concepto que no se refiere primordialmente a las categorías estilísticas, sino que busca la contextualización social y cultural, con la pretensión de estimular una comprensión compleja de la arquitectura posvanguardista en su espacio y tiempo.