bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Umbral chromospheric fine structure and umbral flashes modelled as one: The corrugated umbra
Authors: Henriques Vasco M. J. , Nelson Chris J. , Rouppe van der Voort Luc H. M. , Mathioudakis Mihalis
Published: September 2020

Context.The chromosphere of the umbra of sunspots features an assortment of dynamic fine structures that are poorly understood and often studied separately. Small-scale umbral brightenings (SSUBs), umbral microjets, spikes or short dynamic fibrils (SDFs), and umbral dark fibrils are found in any observation of the chromosphere with sufficient spatial resolution performed at the correct umbral flash stage and passband. Understanding these features means understanding the dynamics of the umbral chromosphere.

Aims.We aim to fully understand the dynamics of umbral chromosphere through analysis of the relationships between distinct observed fine features and to produce complete models that explain both spectral profiles and the temporal evolution of the features. We seek to relate such understanding to umbral flashes.

Methods.We studied the spatial and spectral co-evolution of SDFs, SSUBs, and umbral flashes in Ca II8542 Å spectral profiles. We produced models that generate the spectral profiles for all classes of features using non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer with a recent version of the NICOLE inversion code.

Results.We find that both bright SSUBs and dark SDF structures are described with a continuous feature in the parameter space that is distinct from the surroundings even in pixel-by-pixel inversions. We find a phase difference between such features and umbral flashes in both inverted line-of-sight velocities and timing of the brightenings. For umbral flashes themselves we resolve, for the first time in inversion-based semi-empirical modelling, the pre-flash downflows, post-flash upflows, and the counter-flows present during the umbral flash phase. We further present a simple time-dependent cartoon model that explains the dynamics and spectral profiles of both fine structure, dark and bright, and umbral flashes in umbral chromospheres.

Conclusions.The similarity of the profiles between the brightenings and umbral flashes, the pattern of velocities obtained from the inversions, and the phase relationships between the structures all lead us to put forward that all dynamic umbral chromospheric structures observed to this date are a locally delayed or locally early portion of the oscillatory flow pattern that generates flashes, secondary to the steepening large-scale acoustic waves at its source. Essentially, SSUBs are part of the same shock or merely compression front responsible for the spatially larger umbral flash phenomenon, but out of phase with the broader oscillation.
Collinder 135 and UBC 7: A physical pair of open clusters
Authors: Kovaleva Dana A. , Ishchenko Marina , Postnikova Ekaterina , Berczik Peter , Piskunov Anatoly E. , Kharchenko Nina V. , Polyachenko Evgeny , Reffert Sabine , Sysoliatina Kseniia , Just Andreas
Published: September 2020

Context. Given the closeness of the two open clusters Collinder 135 and UBC 7 on the sky, we investigate the possibility that the two clusters are physically related.

Aims. We aim to recover the present-day stellar membership in the open clusters Cr 135 and UBC 7 (300 pc from the Sun) in order to constrain their kinematic parameters, ages, and masses and to restore their primordial phase space configuration.

Methods. The most reliable cluster members are selected with our traditional method modified for the use of Gaia DR2 data. Numerical simulations use the integration of cluster trajectories backwards in time with our original high-order Hermite4 code φ−GRAPE.

Results. We constrain the age, spatial coordinates, velocities, radii, and masses of the clusters. We estimate the actual separation of the cluster centres equal to 24 pc. The orbital integration shows that the clusters were much closer in the past if their current line-of-sight velocities are very similar and the total mass is more than seven times larger than the mass of the most reliable members.

Conclusions. We conclude that the two clusters Cr 135 and UBC 7 might very well have formed a physical pair based on the observational evidence as well as numerical simulations. The probability of a chance coincidence is only about 2%.
Research Progress of Soil Water Infiltration
Authors: Qing Xia , Haojie Han , Jinran Xiong , Caixia Zheng , Zhiliang Zhang , Huiqiang Huang , qin Zhao
Published: September 2020

Soil water is an important link in the transformation of the “five waters”, which determines the growth and production of crops. Mastering the scientific infiltration law is a key link to promote agricultural development. Based on the existing research results, this paper systematically summarizes the basic theories, test methods, influencing factors, simulation equations, prediction models and other results of soil water infiltration research at home and abroad so far, and discusses the future research development direction.
Research on the Collocation of Natural Casings
Authors: Feng Qiming , Qian Suping
Published: September 2020

This paper discusses the reasonable collocation of natural casings. Through the analysis and research of the problems, the optimal model of the bundle number of assembled products is established. For this multi-objective optimization problem, the finished products are sorted according to the length from long to short, and then the method of hierarchical optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem. Finally, the empirical analysis of the given actual data is carried out. It provides an important idea for the formulation of the collocation scheme, and the solution of this problem can be extended to other aspects of production.
Experimental Study on Picking Unit Parameters of Brush-rolling Cotton Harvester
Authors: Pan Jinkun , Yuan Jianning , Shi Lei , Zhang Yutong , Guo Zixian
Published: September 2020

In order to find the optimal combination of the picking unit parameters of the brush-rolling cotton harvester, the parameters optimization experiment were carried out. Taking the rotary speed of brush roller, the working velocity, and the number of brush plates as the experimental factors, the collect rate and the loss rate of struck cotton as the performance evaluation indexes, the quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combing design experiment was carried out. The Central Composite Design response surface method was used to establish the regression model of experimental factors and evaluation indexes, and analyze the influence of each factor on evaluation indexes. Using multi-objective optimization, the optimal parameter combination is as follows: the rotary speed of the brush roller is 350 r/min, the working velocity is 0.5 m/s, the number of brush plates is 6 rows. After the optimization test, the collect rate is 95.58%, and the loss rate of struck cotton is 1.22%. The field verification test shows that the collect rate of 4MSG-3 brush-rolling cotton harvester is 92.86%, and the loss rate of struck cotton is 1.26%. The relative error between verification test results and parameter optimization value is less than 5%, which verifies the reliability of the regression model. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing and improving the picking unit’s parameters of the brush-rolling cotton harvester.
Applied Research on Training Children’s All-round Abilities in Nature Education
Authors: Yan Yang , Shuai Li , Yi Li
Published: September 2020

Economic development and the expansion of cities have added to the tension between human and nature, and intensified the conflicts among human, nature and the society. Urbanization has narrowed the gap between human communities, but widened the distance between human and the natural world. Against this backdrop, the term “natural deficiency” came into being. This term was first proposed by the American scholar Richard Louv in 2008 in his book “The Last Child in the Forest”, indicating that children had long been cut off from the nature and nature had been reduced to a mere imagination. A survey report on the intimacy between urban children and nature released by a research center in Shanghai in 2013 pointed out that “out of the more than 1, 300 children surveyed, over 150 children have natural deficiencies. The tendency is mainly manifested as: inability to concentrate, inability to blend into the environment quickly, and lack of curiosity about the natural world.” The reasons for this symptom are mainly twofold: first, in the information age, children are so attached to a slew of electronic products such as mobile phones and computers that few prefer to spend time outdoors; secondly, the prevalence of off-campus training classes has robbed the children of time to go to parks and natural scenic spots where they can be exposed to the natural environment. Nature education can combine classroom teaching with natural activities to effectively narrow the distance between people and nature.
Drought and crop production in Chengde City: Based on Logistic and Prais-Winsten regression analysis
Authors: Jiang Keller
Published: September 2020

Drought has a great impact on agricultural production and threatens food security. Chengde city is located in the border of North China and Inner Mongolia Plateau, where drought often occurs. In this study, logistic regression and multiple regression were used to analyze the relationship between drought and grain yield. It is found that drought is an important reason for agricultural production reduction.
Research on innovation of Rural grassroots Governance driven by New Township talents from the perspective of “Internet +
Authors: Zhang Meng
Published: September 2020

“Internet +” is a further practical result of Internet thinking, which promotes the continuous evolution of economic forms, thus driving the vitality of social and economic entities and providing a broad network platform for reform, innovation and development. At the same time, the role of the new townsfolk in the construction of the new countryside includes the governance of the rural grass-roots level, which gradually attracts extensive attention from all walks of life. Aims to explore the prevention and get rid of rural grassroots governance crisis, the sustainable way to maintain close ties with the masses, for the revitalization of the construction of rural areas, to guide the new follow villager boost rural grass-roots governance, because new follow villager unique localism and moral superiority, this system research problem related to new follow villager and rural grassroots governance is needed urgently. Social governance at the rural grass-roots level is the social foundation for rural revitalization. Without effective social governance at the grass-roots level, the strategy of rural revitalization will not be fully realized.”Internet + Governance” is the only way to realize the modernization of grassroots governance. It is also a stepping stone for grassroots governments to use technological means to closely integrate democratic governance with the well-being of the people. It not only realizes the people-oriented care of people, but also reflects the governing principle of the rule of law.
Research on the Influence of E-commerce service quality of fresh Agricultural products on customer satisfaction
Authors: xin Xu , jiaying Chen
Published: September 2020

Analyzing the influence of service quality on customer satisfaction can help fresh e-commerce enterprises to better understand their own service level, formulate better service strategies and improve their competitive advantages, so as to promote the sustainable and healthy development of fresh e-commerce industry. In this paper, first of all, with the aid of web crawler, acquisition of jingdong mall fresh category contains fruit, vegetables, meat and seafood aquaculture 4 products on the number of online comments and evaluation star, and word frequency statistics and extract the data collected from online reviews of consumers to pay attention to the quality of service measures, after using qualitative analysis software - NVivo coding and grade, finally, the variable of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results show that the tangibility, reliability, empathy and responsiveness of service quality have significant influence on customer satisfaction, and other evaluation indexes of guarantee quality have significant influence on customer satisfaction except delivery.
Determination of total free amino acids in Sipunculus nudus by UV spectrophotometry
Authors: Ye Hongli , Cai Youqiong , Zhang Longfei , Yu Wei , Shi Yongfu , Tian Liangliang
Published: September 2020

Here we developed a new, facile method to detect free amino acids (TFAA) in Sipunculus nudus by UV spectrophotometry. The pretreatment conditions of the approach were optimized, such as chromogenic reaction temperature and time, the measurement time after chromogenic reaction, the extraction agent and its concentration, the extraction time. The established method showed a good linearity in the TFAA range 0.0 ~ 40.0 cg/mL (R2= 0.9958) with the limit of detection (LOD) 1.96 g /mL and the precision of 6.14 % (relative standard deviation, RSD). The addition standard recoveries were 95.1 % ~108.6 %. Finally, the method was successfully applied in detection of TFAA in Sipunculus nudus and other aquatic products. The results showed that the content of TFAA in Sipunculus nudus was higher than that in the other aquatic products collected in our paper, and as high as 138.14 g/kg.
Study on the Technology of Extracting Water-soluble Dietary Fiber (SDF) from Peanut Shell by Ultrafine Grinding and Microwave
Authors: Gong Yitong
Published: September 2020

Using ultra-fine pulverized peanut shells as raw materials, the effects of citric acid mass fraction, microwave processing time, and microwave power on the extraction rate of SDF were investigated. The box-Behnken experimental design and response surface analysis method were used to optimize the microwave-assisted ultra-fine pulverization. The SDF process for extracting peanut shells determines the best extraction conditions. The optimal extraction conditions for SDF are that citric acid mass fraction is 4.2%, microwave treatment time is 4.5min, microwave power is 400W and material-liquid ratio is 1:30. The yield and the purity of SDF is respectively 47.05% and 85.35%.
Induction of callus in Cassia mimosoides
Authors: Yang Yali , He Peiting , Zhang Jiayi , Jin Lijian , Chen Baoying , Lao Xiaoxing , Zhang Shengyuan , Zhang Lubin , Zhai Ming , Liu Ying
Published: September 2020

In this study, the young leaves of Cassia mimosoides were used as explants. On the basis of 1/2 MS +2.0 mg/L 6-BA +0.5 mg/L NAA medium, we observed the effect of adding different factors on the callus induction of C. mimosoides. The results shown that after 20 days of callus induction, it was found that the addition of 150 mg/L vitamin C (VC) did not affect the induction efficiency, but the growth of callus became slower; and when the concentration was higher than 150 mg/L, the formation of callus would be inhibited. The induction of callus would be restrained while adding different concentrations of Cu2+ into mediums. Moreover, glutamine (Gln) had little effect on the induction of callus. Furthermore, the addition of hydrolyzed casein (CH) would not affect the formation of callus, but the high concentration of CH could affect the growth status of callus. The induction efficiency of callus was severely inhibited by exogenous addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3), and the growth status of callus was poor, and the phenomenons of early rooting had happened at the same time. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the subsequent optimization of bud proliferation and rooting in C. mimosoides.
Research and Exploration on the Process of mangosteen Compound Effervescent Tablets
Authors: Ma Zidan
Published: September 2020

This article mainly studies a new type of compound effervescent tablet for hot pot soup base, which is made of mangosteen as the main material, adding mangosteen glycoside and kumquat to improve the taste, and adding starch slurry and PEG-6000 as a granulating agent. A single factor test was used to select the optimal level of each factor, the sensory score was used as the response value, and the response surface analysis method was used to optimize the formulation of the compound effervescent tablet, and the moisture absorption rate and sensory condition of the finished tablet after several days of placement were determined. The results showed that the optimized main formula of mangosteen compound effervescent tablets was: mangosteen powder 5.3%, kumquat powder 1.3%, mangosteen glycoside 1.3%, effervescent disintegrant 90.7%, of which citric acid: bicarbonate Sodium is 1.6:1. In this process, starch slurry and PEG-6000 are used as the granulation agent for the semi-dry tableting method. The composite effervescent tablet prepared after drying at 50°C for 3 hours is sweet and sour, rich in special aroma, short in foaming time, and has the lowest moisture absorption rate. The sensory score was 94.96 points.
“Leaving” and “Gathering” of Post-90s Collective Memory in the Age of Media Convergence
Authors: Ran Yu , Dai Yina , Cai Tong
Published: September 2020

The latest media, which is called the “fifth media”, was a only show that brought about changes in the media age once upon a time. But in the modern and contemporary media development, it is leading the media integration upon other types. Traditional newspapers, outdoor media, radio and television known as the four major media are also steadily moving forward with compatibility, reform and innovation. French social science scientist, Halbwachs, first proposed the concept of collective memory. Of course, many elements that constitute and form collective memory can be taken into consideration, while this article only cuts through from the perspective of the media, and hopes that a more positive collective memory framework will be formed. The cultural self-confidence, and explore new methods and outlets for cultural self-confidence.
Research on Universal Design of Water-based Strength Training Fitness Products
Authors: Baihao Ding , Jixiao Zhang
Published: September 2020

The existing strength training fitness products have the problems of single-use group and function. First of all, this paper takes the universal design as the research criterion, finds out the design pain point of the product to realize the strength training generalization, and proposes to use water as the medium to solve the problems of different groups when carrying out strength training because the products can not meet the different training intensity, universal safety, and training parts. Then, the products can be generalized to different groups and their diversified training needs. Finally, the design scheme is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and compared with the best strength training universal products on the market, so as to verify that water as the medium is feasible for effectively realizing the product generalization in different groups and diversified training needs.
Research on the Decorative Design of Inorganic Composite Boards in Assembled Residential Houses
Authors: Zhong Yue , Li Xiuyun , Zhou Xun’e
Published: September 2020

In the context of the industrialization of construction, prefabricated structures and interior decoration are developing rapidly. The residential integrated ceiling module selects one of the inorganic composite panels, inorganic high-strength sound absorbing board, as the main material, and introduces the light-weight, high-strength, energy-saving and environmentally friendly characteristics of inorganic highstrength sound-absorbing panels, as well as the acoustic structure and installation technology of the integrated ceiling in multiple spaces of the family residence, providing reference design scheme for the application of green technology in the residential integrated ceiling.
An Empirical Study on Impact of Sino-South Korea Political Relations to Trade and FDI – Based on Data from Shandong Province of China
Authors: Li Ping
Published: September 2020

This study explores the impact brought by political relation between South Korea and China on economic cooperation between South Korea and Shandong Province of China from regional view. Based on the data over 1998–2017 periods, ADF test, LS methods and Granger Causality Test are employed. The results indicate improved political relation is beneficiary to both the increase of export of Shandong province to South Korea and the import of Shandong province from South Korea. But there is no evidence that the bilateral political relation has effected on the FDI from South Korea to Shandong province. There is no evidence that more close economic connections between two regions are likely to be less influenced by political relation.
Design and maintenance method of a kind of rehabilitation fitness machine
Authors: Chen Yan , Liu Zhaoxia
Published: September 2020

With the rapidly increase of people’s living standard, more and more people hope to get healthier and longer life. In this study, a kind of rehabilitation fitness machine is designed for disabled people with lower limb, and its daily maintenance work is clearly displayed. The design of the new rehabilitation exercise machine is suitable for disabled people to exercise, which is designed with the theory of ergonomics. Based on ergonomics theory, the design concept of the space, new structure, working space and display device of the six-link mechanism satisfies the conditions of strength and stability.
Research and Application Status of Envelope Structures for Fabricated Substations in China
Authors: Sheng Xueqing , Pan Shengjun , Chen Jiahui
Published: September 2020

In recent years, Chinese prefabricated buildings have re-heated and showed rapid growth. This paper analyzes the performance of the existing assembled wall panels in the Chinese market by comparing the performance of different materials and optimizing the selection of the envelope structure of the assembled substation. Studies have shown that the use of prefabricated building systems can achieve the goal of shortening the construction period, reducing manual labor, no waste during construction, and no wet work on site.
Unterschätzte Helfer – Myofunktionelle Übungen bei Schlafapnoe
Authors: Brück Sarah , Hoffmann Marisa
Published: September 2020

Bleierne Müdigkeit und Sekundenschlaf – Patienten mit Schlafapnoe leiden und sind häufig in ihrer Lebensqualität eingeschränkt. Wie Therapeuten mit myofunktionellem Training helfen können, beschreiben Kieferexpertin Marisa Hoffmann und Physiotherapeutin Sarah Brück, die sich mit dem Thema in ihrer Bachelorarbeit auseinandergesetzt hat.
Training in virtuellen Welten – Neuroreha mit Augmented Reality erweitern
Authors: Held Jeremia , Veerbeek Janne
Published: September 2020

Augmented Reality bezeichnet eine computerunterstützte Wahrnehmung, welche die reale Welt um virtuelle Aspekte erweitert. Doch nicht nur Pokémons oder Dinosaurier können im Weg stehen, sondern auch Stolpersteine oder Bäume. Langfristig können solche neuen Technologien in der Neuroreha eingesetzt werden, um Patienten zu motivieren, sich mehr zu bewegen – auch außerhalb der Rehaklinik.
von Willebrand Factor Antigen, von Willebrand Factor Propeptide, and ADAMTS13 in Carotid Stenosis and Their Relationship with Cerebral Microemboli
Authors: Murphy Stephen J. X. , Lim Soon Tjin , Hickey Fionnuala , Kinsella Justin A. , Smith Deirdre R. , Tierney Sean , Egan Bridget , Feeley T. Martin , Murphy Sinéad M. , Collins D. Rónán , Coughlan Tara , O'Neill Desmond , Harbison Joseph A. , Madhavan Prakash , O'Neill Sean M. , Colgan Mary-Paula , O'Donnell James S. , O'Sullivan Jamie M. , Hamilton George , McCabe Dominick J. H.
Published: September 2020

Background The relationship between von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag), VWF propeptide (VWFpp), VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratio, ADAMTS13 activity, and microembolic signal (MES) status in carotid stenosis is unknown.

Methods This prospective, multicenter study simultaneously assessed plasma VWF:Ag levels, VWFpp levels and ADAMTS13 activity, and their relationship with MES in asymptomatic versus symptomatic moderate-to-severe (≥50–99%) carotid stenosis patients. One-hour transcranial Doppler ultrasound of the middle cerebral arteries classified patients as MES+ve or MES−ve.

Results Data from 34 asymptomatic patients were compared with 43 symptomatic patients in the “early phase” (≤4 weeks) and 37 patients in the “late phase” (≥3 months) after transient ischemic attack (TIA)/ischemic stroke. VWF:Ag levels were higher (p = 0.049) and VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratios lower (p = 0.006) in early symptomatic than in asymptomatic patients overall, and in early symptomatic versus asymptomatic MES−ve subgroups (p ≤0.02). There were no intergroup differences in VWFpp expression or ADAMTS13 activity (p ≥0.05). VWF:Ag levels and ADAMTS13 activity decreased (p ≤ 0.048) and VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratios increased (p = 0.03) in symptomatic patients followed up from the early to late phases after TIA/stroke. Although there were no differences in the proportions of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with blood group O, a combined analysis of early symptomatic and asymptomatic patients revealed lower median VWF:Ag levels in patients with blood group O versus those without blood group O (9.59 vs. 12.32 µg/mL, p = 0.035).

Discussion VWF:Ag expression, a marker of endothelial ± platelet activation, is enhanced in recently symptomatic versus asymptomatic carotid stenosis patients, including in MES−ve patients, and decreases with ADAMTS13 activity over time following atherosclerotic TIA/ischemic stroke.
SARS-CoV-2 and Dentistry–Review
Authors: Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine de Moraes , Bannwart Lisiane Cristina , de Melo Moreno André Luiz , Goiato Marcelo Coelho
Published: September 2020

SARS-CoV-2 (or 2019-nCoV) is the novel Coronavirus that affects humans. It originated in China at the end of 2019 due to the consumption of animals contaminated with this pathogen. SARS-CoV-2 causes the disease known as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease – 2019), and until May 21, 2020, approximately 213 countries and territories had been affected by SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this study was to review the origin and characteristics of this virus (SARS-CoV-2), symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19, treatment of people with COVID-19, forms of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, and precautions in dentistry. A literature search on PubMed/Medline was performed on the May 21, 2020, using the keywords (Mesh terms) “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” or “Coronavirus” associated with “dentistry” or “dental care” or “oral medicine.” SARS-CoV-2 articles about the origin and characteristics of this virus (SARS-CoV-2), symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19, treatment of people with COVID-19, forms of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, and precautions in dentistry were included. The search was expanded according to necessity. Articles related to precautions in dentistry and SARS-CoV-1 or MERS-CoV were also selected, since precautions used in the dental clinic to avoid these viruses also apply to SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the references cited in the publications of articles included were also considered when appropriate. There was no limit in relation to the year of publication, and only articles written in English were included. In this study, suggestions for the safety of dental professionals were also included. Forty-seven articles and nine websites were included in this review.
The Use of Bulk-Fill Flow in the Customization of Glass Fiber Post
Authors: Silva Camila Ferreira , Martins Victor Mota , Melo Anahi de Paula , Martins Laís Carvalho , Santos-Filho Paulo Cesar Freitas
Published: September 2020

Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of different composite resin in the customization of glass fiber posts (GFPs) on bond strength and failure mode.

Materials and Methods Thirty bovine roots were selected. The wall roots were reduced so that each wall had a minimum dentin thickness of 1 mm. Thirty GFPs were divided into three groups (n = 10), which received different types of customization. The first had the GFP relined by bulk-fill flowable composite resin (BF), the second group had the GFP customized by conventional regular composite resin (CR), and the third group was cemented with dual resin cements (DRC), without relining. The root were sectioned, resulting in two 1.0-mm thick slices from cervical root regions only and push-out bond strength test was performed (EMIC, Universal testing machine). To determine failure mode, a stereomicroscope was used at ×40 magnification, with a 2.5D analysis.

Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) and Tukey’s test.

Results BF (9.08 ± 1.9) and CR (9.17 ± 3.00) did not show a statistically significant difference (p = 0.961), regarding the bond strength test values. However, there was a statistically significant difference between DRC (5.44 ± 1.89) and the others (p < 0.05). BF (66.66%) and the CR group (47.61%) presented a predominantly failure mode type 6: mixed between resin cement and composite. While the highest failure index of the DRC group was type 2: adhesive between resin cement and dentin (47.61%).

Conclusion BF can be an alternative for the customization of fiber posts, since it presented a similar behavior to the established technique with conventional composites.
Klinik Unternehmen: Auf-/Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: September 2020

Börsenexperte, analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse* ausgewählter Kliniken
Conditioned solidarity: EU citizens’ attitudes towards economic and social austerities for crisis countries receiving financial aid
Authors: Lengfeld Holger , Kley Florian K.
Published: September 2020

During the European debt crisis, there has been a massive political debate between the EU institutions and the governments of crisis countries on the kind of austerity measures these countries have to accept in order to receive financial assistance from rescue funds established by EU and IMF. Based on a Weberian approach regarding solidarity as an act of mutual help, we interpret austerity measures as particular conditions of solidarity Alter has to agree to in order to receive assistance from Ego. In this paper, we ask to what extent citizens of EU countries agree on the notion of conditioned solidarity, and to which extent they are divided by socio-structural or cultural conflict lines, or by country particularities. Using unique data from the 2016 13 country ‘Transnational European Solidarity Survey’, findings show that the majority of respondents reject the idea of conditionality. Logistic regressions reveal rather weak attitudinal differences between respondents at the individual level, while at the country level respondents from countries with growing unemployment, higher unemployment rates, government debt, and poverty rates are in tendency more likely to reject the measures. We conclude that paying attention to the idea of conditionality is an important aspect of assistance measures in the future, if political actors look to avoid a lack of legitimacy among European citizens.
Comment on “Jet propulsion by microwave air plasma in the atmosphere” [AIP Adv. 10, 055002 (2020)]
Authors: Wright Peter L. , Samples Stephen A. , Uchizono Nolan M. , Wirz Richard E.
Published: September 2020

In this Comment, we analyze the performance of a microwave plasma device presented by Ye et al. [AIP Adv. 10, 055002 (2020)]. The efficiency analysis, using conservation of energy, shows that the methods used by the original authors predict up to 8000% device efficiency. Our analytical model is based on a control volume analysis of the original authors’ experimental setup and conditions, indicating that blocking the exit of the device yields stagnation pressure rather than jet pressure. The results from this analysis are consistent with the reported experimental data, demonstrating that the measured pressure using this method is internal chamber pressure and cannot be used to estimate thrust.
A lubricant-infused slip surface for drag reduction
Authors: Kim Seung Joong , Kim Hae Nyeok , Lee Sang Joon , Sung Hyung Jin
Published: September 2020

Seaweed and fish have slippery outer surfaces because of the secretion of a layer of mucus. The hydrodynamics over a three-dimensional lubricant-infused slip surface that mimics the mucus layers of seaweed and fish was numerically explored. The morphological features of the lubricant-infused surface were designed to mimic such biological mucus storage systems. The lubricant was assumed to fill the cavity and to be supplemented without limit from the bottom surface of the cavity. The slip motion at the interface between the lubricant and water was simulated by using the volume of fluid method. Simulations were performed for two cavity open area fractions, 40% and 60%, and for three lid thicknesses, 0.01D, 0.03D, and 0.06D, where D is the width of the cavity (D = 400 μm). The simulation was conducted by employing realistic material properties. The contact angle of the lubricant in deionized water was directly measured (θeq = 25.9°). This slippery lubricant layer contributes to drag reduction by lessening the velocity gradient of the surrounding fluid. The hydrodynamics of the slip surface was examined by scrutinizing the effects of varying the open area and the lid thickness on the slip velocity and length, the dispersion area, and the lubricant consumption. The maximum slip velocity and length were obtained in the center of the contact interface, which forms a paraboloid. The effects of varying the cavity open area fraction on the maximum slip velocity and length are significant. The lid thickness affects both the lubricant dispersion pattern and the height to which the lubricant builds up. The lubricant consumption for a cavity open area fraction of 60% is larger than that for 40%. The cavity with an open area fraction of 60% and a lid thickness of 0.06D provides the best drag reduction of the cavities we simulated.
Assessment of proton-coupled conformational dynamics of SARS and MERS coronavirus papain-like proteases: Implication for designing broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitors
Authors: Henderson Jack A. , Verma Neha , Harris Robert C. , Liu Ruibin , Shen Jana
Published: September 2020

Broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are urgently needed to stop the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic and prevent future ones. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is related to the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which have caused the previous outbreaks. The papain-like protease (PLpro) is an attractive drug target due to its essential roles in the viral life cycle. As a cysteine protease, PLpro is rich in cysteines and histidines, and their protonation/deprotonation modulates catalysis and conformational plasticity. Here, we report the pKa calculations and assessment of the proton-coupled conformational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV PLpros using the recently developed graphical processing unit (GPU)-accelerated implicit-solvent continuous constant pH molecular dynamics method with a new asynchronous replica-exchange scheme, which allows computation on a single GPU card. The calculated pKa’s support the catalytic roles of the Cys–His–Asp triad. We also found that several residues can switch protonation states at physiological pH among which is C270/271 located on the flexible blocking loop 2 (BL2) of SARS-CoV-2/CoV PLpro. Simulations revealed that the BL2 can open and close depending on the protonation state of C271/270, consistent with the most recent crystal structure evidence. Interestingly, despite the lack of an analogous cysteine, BL2 in MERS-CoV PLpro is also very flexible, challenging a current hypothesis. These findings are supported by the all-atom fixed-charge simulations and provide a starting point for more detailed studies to assist the structure-based design of broad-spectrum inhibitors against CoV PLpros.
Influence of cell interaction forces on growth of bacterial biofilms
Authors: Jin Xing , Marshall Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2020

A hybrid computational method was proposed for simulation of biofilm growth processes using a continuum model for transport of water and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and a discrete model for simulation of bacterial cells. The current paper focuses on development of accurate models for different forces acting between bacterial cells, which are represented by spherocylinder particles. The major forces acting on the bacterial cells include drag from flow of EPS generated by the bacterial colony, adhesion forces (e.g., van der Waals adhesion and ligand–receptor binding) between colliding cell surfaces, lubrication force due to cell growth and EPS production, and tension from the fimbria appendages that project outward from many types of bacterial cells. The lubrication force and drag force act to separate the cells and expand the bacterial colony, whereas the adhesion and fimbria forces act to pull the bacterial colony together. Simulations are performed to examine the effect on biofilm development of each of these forces individually. The significance of different forces depends on the cell shape and other specifics of the given computation. However, there appears to be an opposing influence at the scale of the bacterial colony between the outward-oriented EPS drag on cells and the inward-oriented fimbria force. These two forces were particularly found to be important for determining the degree of orientation alignment of the cells. On the smaller scale of individual cells, the actions of the cell surface adhesion force and the lubrication force similarly oppose each other, with the balance influencing cell clustering and the degree of contact.
Automated shepherds: responses of captive dingoes to sound and an inflatable, moving effigy
Authors: Smith Bradley P. , Jaques Natalie B. , Appleby Robert G. , Morris Scott , Jordan Neil R.
Published: September 2020

Human–carnivore coexistence can be aided through non-lethal approaches that limit interaction between predators and livestock. Yet, investigations into effective deterrents, particularly in the Australian context with dingoes, are rare. We investigated two potential methods: an acoustic deterrent (series of gunshot noises), and an oversized inflatable human effigy that we dubbed ‘Fred-a-Scare’. The devices were deployed to determine whether they would deter captive dingoes (n=12), from accessing food. The acoustic deterrent did not appear to repel the dingoes during the first trial (11/12 accessing the food; the same as control). However, use of the effigy device was associated with a significant reduction in dingoes approaching, with only 25% (9/36) accessing food across all trials. On the third and final trial (which were repeated daily), 42% (5/12) of dingoes accessed food. Used in conjunction with other devices and methods, and at intervals that reduce the risk of habituation, the inflatable effigy could provide a valuable tool for deterring dingoes, and perhaps other species, from particular areas, even where food (or potential prey) is present. This has potential for use in human-dingo conflict hotspots, such as campgrounds and some small livestock enterprises, but field trials are required to evaluate the technique in these contexts and with free-ranging dingoes.
Thermodynamic and kinetic design principles for amyloid-aggregation inhibitors
Authors: Michaels Thomas C. T. , Šarić Andela , Meisl Georg , Heller Gabriella T. , Curk Samo , Arosio Paolo , Linse Sara , Dobson Christopher M. , Vendruscolo Michele , Knowles Tuomas P. J.
Published: September 2020

Significance

Developing effective strategies against human disorders linked with amyloid aggregation, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, has proven to be difficult. A major reason is that traditional drug-discovery methods are poorly suited to deal with complex reaction networks such as those in involved in the aggregation process. It therefore remains challenging to identify suitable targets for drug development. To overcome this difficulty, we lay out here a general theory for inhibition of protein aggregation into amyloid fibrils, which uncovers quantitative thermodynamic and kinetic design principles to guide the rational search and optimization of effective inhibitors of fibril formation.
Hemostasis vs. homeostasis: Platelets are essential for preserving vascular barrier function in the absence of injury or inflammation
Authors: Gupta Shuchi , Konradt Christoph , Corken Adam , Ware Jerry , Nieswandt Bernhard , Di Paola Jorge , Yu Mei , Wang Demin , Nieman Marvin T. , Whiteheart Sidney W. , Brass Lawrence F.
Published: September 2020

Significance

The human circulatory system includes the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries, all of which are lined by endothelial cells to prevent the escape of vascular contents into surrounding tissues. Platelets are blood cells that are best known for their essential role in preventing blood loss after injury. Here, we employed sensitive methods to measure changes in vascular barrier function in vivo and used them to identify a role for platelets in maintaining vascular homeostasis. The results highlight the role of platelet collagen receptors and dense granules, show which vessels are particularly dependent on platelets for this purpose, and point to an underappreciated interchange between platelets and endothelial cells that is lost in severe thrombocytopenia.
A contrastive study of the English and Japanese modality
systems
Authors: Kadooka Ken-Ichi
Published: September 2020

The main purpose of this chapter is to compare the
modality systems of English and Japanese focusing on the subcategories of
Modalization and Modulation. Since the definitions and the
subcategorizations of modality are different from one researcher to another,
the descriptions depend on the framework. The Systemic Functional framework
is adopted as the main one in the analyses of English and Japanese modality
systems.

Halliday and
Matthiessen (2014) subcategorize the system of Modality of
English into Modalization and Modulation. Further, Modalization is divided
into usuality and probability, and Modulation into obligation and
inclination. Whereas the English Modality system is considered to be quite
simple, Teruya (2007)’s
subcategorization for the Japanese Modality system is far more complex: he
divides Modalization into ability, probability and usuality, and Modulation
into necessity, obligation, permission, expectation and inclination. Fukuda (2016) added evidentiality
to Modalization, and Kadooka
(2016) followed this addition.

Then follow the syntactic analyses of the Modality
expressions in Japanese. There are some positive/negative pairs with the
polarity, such as ‘hituyou ga aru/nai’ (necessity + NOM + exist/does
not, ‘there is necessity to/not to do something).’ One of the
pairs of which the positive and the negative polarity belong to different
categories is the permission ‘si-te mo ii’ (do + also +
possible, ‘you can do’) and the obligatory ‘si-te wa nara-nai’
(do + top + possible-not, ‘you must not do’).
Notice that the negation form ‘nara-nai’ does not have the positive
counterpart ‘*naru’ in the sense that one can do something, which shows that
there is asymmetry between the positive and the negative polarities with
some verbs in Japanese. Together with such asymmetries, the negation
patterns of the Japanese modality expressions are insightful from the
viewpoints of lexicogrammar and semantics.
Sensing of nutrients by CPT1C controls SAC1 activity to regulate AMPA receptor trafficking
Authors: Casas Maria , Fadó Rut , Domínguez José Luis , Roig Aina , Kaku Moena , Chohnan Shigeru , Solé Montse , Unzeta Mercedes , Miñano-Molina Alfredo Jesús , Rodríguez-Álvarez José , Dickson Eamonn James , Casals Núria
Published: September 2020

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) is a sensor of malonyl-CoA and is located in the ER of neurons. AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain and play a key role in synaptic plasticity. In the present study, we demonstrate across different metabolic stress conditions that modulate malonyl-CoA levels in cortical neurons that CPT1C regulates the trafficking of the major AMPAR subunit, GluA1, through the phosphatidyl-inositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) phosphatase SAC1. In normal conditions, CPT1C down-regulates SAC1 catalytic activity, allowing efficient GluA1 trafficking to the plasma membrane. However, under low malonyl-CoA levels, such as during glucose depletion, CPT1C-dependent inhibition of SAC1 is released, facilitating SAC1’s translocation to ER-TGN contact sites to decrease TGN PI(4)P pools and trigger GluA1 retention at the TGN. Results reveal that GluA1 trafficking is regulated by CPT1C sensing of malonyl-CoA and provide the first report of a SAC1 inhibitor. Moreover, they shed light on how nutrients can affect synaptic function and cognition.
Zero norm based analysis model for image smoothing and reconstruction
Authors: Song Jiebo , Li Jia , Yao Zhengan , Ma Kaisheng , Bao Chenglong
Published: September 2020

The sparsity-based approaches have demonstrated promising performance in image processing. In this paper, for better preservation of the salient edge structures of images, we propose an ℓ
0 + ℓ
2-norm based analysis model， which requires solving a challenging non-separable ℓ
0-norm related minimization problem, and we also propose an inexact augmented Lagrangian method with proven convergence to a local minimum. Extensive experiments in image smoothing, including texture removal and context smoothing, show that our method achieves better visual results over various sparsity-based models and the CNN method. Also, experiments on sparse view CT reconstruction further validate the advantage of the proposed method.
Temperature dependence of resistive switching characteristics in NiO(111) films on metal layer
Authors: Lai Ruilian , Wei Minglong , Wang Jianbo , Zhou Kai , Qiu Xiaoyan
Published: September 2020

Dense and uniform NiO(111) films are deposited on a Pt layer via magnetron sputtering. At temperatures of up to 80 °C, the Ag/NiO(111)/Pt memory cells exhibit a stable bipolar resistive switching behaviour with a switching time of <40 µs and a retention time of >104 s. Both the Arrhenius-type and Schottky-type current-temperature plots are well fitted by linear relationships, revealing that the electron transport in the high resistance state is governed by the Schottky tunnelling mechanism. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiles demonstrate that the NiO(111) films are highly oxygen deficient, and that oxygen-vacancy conductive filaments are responsible for the temperature-dependent resistive switching behaviour of the NiO(111) films.