bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Markov Model to Estimate Individual Condition Parameters for Transformers
Authors: Mohd Selva Amran , Azis Norhafiz , Yahaya Muhammad Sharil , Ab Kadir Mohd Zainal Abidin , Jasni Jasronita , Yang Ghazali Young Zaidey , Talib Mohd Aizam
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a study to estimate individual condition parameters of the transformer population based on Markov Model (MM). The condition parameters under study were hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), acetylene (C2H2), ethylene (C2H4), ethane (C2H6), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), dielectric breakdown voltage, interfacial tension, colour, acidity, water content, and 2-furfuraldehyde (2-FAL). First, the individual condition parameter of the transformer population was ranked and sorted based on recommended limits as per IEEE Std. C57. 104-2008 and IEEE Std. C57.106-2015. Next, the mean for each of the condition parameters was computed and the transition probabilities for each condition parameters were obtained based on non-linear optimization technique. Next, the future states probability distribution was computed based on the MM prediction model. Chi-square test and percentage of absolute error analysis were carried out to find the goodness-of-fit between predicted and computed condition parameters. It is found that estimation for majority of the individual condition parameter of the transformer population can be carried out by MM. The Chi-square test reveals that apart from CH4 and C2H4, the condition parameters are outside the rejection region that indicates agreement between predicted and computed values. It is also observed that the lowest and highest percentages of differences between predicted and computed values of all the condition parameters are 81.46% and 98.52%, respectively.
Regional Energy, CO2, and Economic and Air Quality Index Performances in China: A Meta-Frontier Approach
Authors: Li Ying , Chiu Yung-Ho , Lu Liang Chun
Published: August 2018

Rapid economic development has resulted in a significant increase in energy consumption and pollution such as carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM2.5), particulate matter 10 (PM10), SO2, and NO2 emissions, which can cause cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Therefore, to ensure a sustainable future, it is essential to improve economic efficiency and reduce emissions. Using a Meta-frontier Non-radial Directional Distance Function model, this study took energy consumption, the labor force, and fixed asset investments as the inputs, Gross domestic product (GDP) as the desirable output, and CO2 and the Air Quality Index (AQI) scores as the undesirable outputs to assess energy efficiency and air pollutant index efficiency scores in China from 2013–2016 and to identify the areas in which improvements was necessary. It was found that there was a large gap between the western and eastern cities in China. A comparison of the CO2 and AQI in 31 Chinese cities showed a significant difference in the CO2 emissions and AQI efficiency scores, with the lower scoring cities being mainly concentrated in China’s western region. It was therefore concluded that China needs to pay greater attention to the differences in the economic levels, stages of social development, and energy structures in the western cities when developing appropriately focused improvement plans.
Design of a Ventilation System Coupled with a Horizontal Air-Ground Heat Exchanger (HAGHE) for a Residential Building in a Warm Climate
Authors: Baglivo Cristina , D’Agostino Delia , Congedo Paolo Maria
Published: August 2018

Energy consumption in new buildings can be reduced at the design stage. This study optimizes the ventilation system design of a new residential building located in a warm climate (Southern Italy). Different system options of horizontal air-ground heat exchangers (HAGHEs), also called earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHX), have been considered to search for the optimal configuration. The thermal behaviour of the obtained configurations has been modelled by the dynamic simulation software TRNSYS 17. The pipe numbers, the air flow rate, and the soil thermal conductivity are among the simulated building components. For each of them, different design options have been analysed to study how each parameter impacts the building thermal behaviour in winter and summer. The operative air temperature (TOP) has been evaluated inside the building prototype to investigate the indoor comfort. The paper demonstrates that HAGHEs permit to assure a suitable indoor climatization if the building envelope is optimized for a warm area. These conditions require high values of heat storage capacity to keep under control the internal temperature fluctuations, especially in summer. The paper confirms the importance of geothermal systems and design optimization to increase energy savings.
Adapting Cultural Heritage to Climate Change Risks: Perspectives of Cultural Heritage Experts in Europe
Authors: Sesana Elena , Gagnon Alexandre S. , Bertolin Chiara , Hughes John
Published: August 2018

Changes in rainfall patterns, humidity, and temperature, as well as greater exposure to severe weather events, has led to the need for adapting cultural heritage to climate change. However, there is limited research accomplished to date on the process of adaptation of cultural heritage to climate change. This paper examines the perceptions of experts involved in the management and preservation of cultural heritage on adaptation to climate change risks. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts from the UK, Italy, and Norway as well as a participatory workshop with stakeholders. The results indicate that the majority of interviewees believe that adaptation of cultural heritage to climate change is possible. Opportunities for, barriers to, and requirements for adapting cultural heritage to climate change, as perceived by the interviewees, provided a better understanding of what needs to be provided and prioritized for adaptation to take place and in its strategic planning. Knowledge of management methodologies incorporating climate change impacts by the interviewees together with best practice examples in adapting cultural heritage to climate change are also reported. Finally, the interviewees identified the determinant factors for the implementation of climate change adaptation. This paper highlights the need for more research on this topic and the identification and dissemination of practical solutions and tools for the incorporation of climate change adaptation in the preservation and management of cultural heritage.
Biological Aspects of mTOR in Leukemia
Authors: Mirabilii Simone , Ricciardi Maria Rosaria , Piedimonte Monica , Gianfelici Valentina , Bianchi Maria Paola , Tafuri Agostino
Published: August 2018

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central processor of intra- and extracellular signals, regulating many fundamental cellular processes such as metabolism, growth, proliferation, and survival. Strong evidences have indicated that mTOR dysregulation is deeply implicated in leukemogenesis. This has led to growing interest in the development of modulators of its activity for leukemia treatment. This review intends to provide an outline of the principal biological and molecular functions of mTOR. We summarize the current understanding of how mTOR interacts with microRNAs, with components of cell metabolism, and with controllers of apoptotic machinery. Lastly, from a clinical/translational perspective, we recapitulate the therapeutic results in leukemia, obtained by using mTOR inhibitors as single agents and in combination with other compounds.
Micro-CT to Document the Coffee Bean Weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), Inside Field-Collected Coffee Berries (Coffea canephora)
Authors: Alba-Alejandre Ignacio , Alba-Tercedor Javier , Vega Fernando E.
Published: August 2018

The coffee bean weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), is a cosmopolitan insect with >100 hosts, and has been reported as a pest of stored coffee. During a study involving the coffee berry borer, we observed coffee bean weevils emerging from field-collected coffee berries and used micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT) scans to observe the insect inside the berry. Two eggs had eclosed inside the berry, resulting in observations of a newly eclosed adult beetle and a 5th instar larva, each feeding on one of the two seeds. This is the first time since 1775, when the insect was first described, that the insect has been observed inside a coffee berry.
Effect of Martensite–Austenite Constituent on Low-Temperature Toughness in YS 500 MPa Grade Steel Welds
Authors: Kim In , Nam Hyunbin , Lee Myungjin , Nam Daegeun , Park Yeongdo , Kang Namhyun
Published: August 2018

The effect of martensite–austenite (M–A) constituents and simulated microstructure on low-temperature toughness was investigated in YS 500 MPa grade structural steel welds. The specimens were fabricated using a direct quenching and tempering process. After simulated weld thermal cycles, the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) and intercritically reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zone (IRCGHAZ) were produced using a Gleeble tester and real welded joint to support the simulation results. The largest low-temperature toughness was observed in the fine-grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) owing to the fine-ferrite microstructure. However, the toughness decreased in the IRCGHAZ because of the slender morphology of the M–A constituents that formed primarily along the prior austenite grain boundaries in the IRCGHAZ.
Experimental Research on Machining Localization and Surface Quality in Micro Electrochemical Milling of Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Liu Yong , Jiang Yong , Guo Chunsheng , Deng Shihui , Kong Huanghai
Published: August 2018

Micro electrochemical machining is becoming increasingly important in the microfabrication of metal parts. In this paper, the machining characteristics of micro electrochemical milling with nanosecond pulse were studied. Firstly, a mathematical model for the localization control of micro electrochemical milling with nanosecond pulse was established. Secondly, groups of experiments were conducted on nickel-based superalloy and the effects of parameters such as applied voltage, pulse on time, pulse period, electrolyte concentration and electrode diameter on machining localization and surface roughness were analyzed. Finally, by using the optimized machining parameters, some 2D complex shapes and 3D square cavity structures with good shape precision and good surface quality were successfully obtained. It was proved that the micro electrochemical milling with nanosecond pulse technique is an effective machining method to fabricate metal microstructures.
Microwave and Ultrasound Effect on Ammoniacal Leaching of Deep-Sea Nodules
Authors: Knaislová Anna , Vu Hong Ng. , Dvořák Petr
Published: August 2018

The influence of ultrasound and microwaves on extraction of copper, nickel, and cobalt from manganese deep-sea nodules by reductive ammoniacal leaching in the presence of ammonium thiosulfate as a reducing agent was studied. The ultrasonic ammoniacal leaching provides higher metals extraction, while the effect of microwaves on the metals extraction under the studied leaching conditions is insignificant. In general, increasing leaching temperature increases significantly extraction of the metals of interest. At high temperatures, extraction efficiencies of copper, nickel, and cobalt decrease over longer leaching duration as a result of decomposition of the metals amino-complexes and reverse precipitation of metals. However, during the ultrasonic leaching at a temperature of 85 °C, the extraction of nickel remains almost unchanged over longer leaching durations and does not follow the decreasing course, observed in the extraction of copper and cobalt. The finding suggests that nickel can be selectively extracted from the nodules by the ultrasonic leaching. The maximal extraction efficiency of copper, nickel, and cobalt was 83%, 71%, and 32%, respectively, when the reductive ultrasonic ammoniacal leaching was carried out at 85 °C for 90 min. In the presence of microwaves, the maximal extraction efficiency of copper, nickel, and cobalt was 67%, 48%, and 8%, respectively, when the reductive ultrasonic ammoniacal leaching was carried out at the output power of 60 W for 210 min.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Studies of Novel NHC*-Gold(I) Complexes Derived from Lepidiline A
Authors: Curran Danielle , Dada Oyinlola , Müller-Bunz Helge , Rothemund Matthias , Sánchez-Sanz Goar , Schobert Rainer , Zhu Xiangming , Tacke Matthias
Published: August 2018

Ten novel N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes derived from lepidiline A (1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium chloride) are reported here with full characterisation and biological testing. (1,3-Dibenzyl-4,5-diphenylimidazol-2-ylidene)gold(I) chloride (NHC*-AuCl) (1) was modified by substituting the chloride for the following: cyanide (2), dithiocarbamates (3–5), p-mercaptobenzoate derivatives (12–14) and N-acetyl-l-cysteine derivatives (15–17). All complexes were synthesised in good yields of 57–78%. Complexes 2, 12, 13, and 14 were further characterised by X-ray crystallography. Initial evaluation of the biological activity was conducted on all ten complexes against the multidrug resistant MCF-7topo breast cancer, HCT-116wt, and p53 knockout mutant HCT-116−/− colon carcinoma cell lines. Across the three cell lines tested, mainly single-digit micromolar IC50 values were observed. Nanomolar activity was exhibited on the MCF-7topo cell line with 3 displaying an IC50 of 0.28 μM ± 0.03 μM. Complexes incorporating a Au–S bond resulted in higher cytotoxic activity when compared to complexes 1 and 2. Theoretical calculations, carried out at the MN15/6–311++G(2df,p) computational level, show that NHC* is the more favourable ligand for Au(I)-Cl when compared to PPh3.
Synthesis and Light-Induced Actuation of Photo-Labile 2-Pyridyl-1,2,3-Triazole Ru(bis-bipyridyl) Appended Ferrocene Rotors
Authors: Findlay James A. , Barnsley Jonathan E. , Gordon Keith C. , Crowley James D.
Published: August 2018

To realise useful control over molecular motion in the future an extensive toolbox of both actionable molecules and stimuli-responsive units must be developed. Previously, our laboratory has reported 1,1′-disubstituted ferrocene (Fc) rotor units which assume a contracted/π-stacked conformation until complexation of cationic metal ions causes rotation about the Ferrocene (Fc) molecular ‘ball-bearing’. Herein, we explore the potential of using the photochemical ejection of [Ru(2,2′-bipyridyl)2]2+ units as a stimulus for the rotational contraction of new ferrocene rotor units. Fc rotors with both ‘regular’ and ‘inverse’ 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole binding pockets and their corresponding [Ru(2,2′-bipyridyl)2]2+ complexes were synthesised. The rotors and complexes were characterised using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopies, Electro-Spray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI–MS), and electrochemistry. The 1,1′-disubstituted Fc ligands were shown to π-stack both in solution and solid state. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations (CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d)) support the notion that complexation to [Ru(2,2′-bipyridyl)2]2+ caused a rotation from the syn- to the anti-conformation. Upon photo-irradiation with UV light (254 nm), photo-ejection of the [Ru(2,2′-bipyridyl)2(CH3CN)2]2+ units in acetonitrile was observed. The re-complexation of the [Ru(2,2′-bipyridyl)2]2+ units could be achieved using acetone as the reaction solvent. However, the process was exceedingly slowly. Additionally, the Fc ligands slowly decomposed when exposed to UV irradiation meaning that only one extension and contraction cycle could be completed.
Breakfast in Denmark. Prevalence of Consumption, Intake of Foods, Nutrients and Dietary Quality. A Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative
Authors: Fagt Sisse , Matthiessen Jeppe , Thyregod Camilla , Kørup Karsten , Biltoft-Jensen Anja
Published: August 2018

Breakfast is considered by many to be the most important meal of the day. This study examined the intake of nutrients and foods at breakfast among Danes and the relation to the overall dietary quality. Data were derived from the Danish National Survey on Diet and Physical Activity 2011–2013, a cross-sectional national food consumption study. A total of 3680 participants aged 6–75 years were included in the analyses of breakfast consumption. The Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3 method was used to examine the overall dietary quality of the diet. The intake of nutrients and foods at breakfast were compared across dietary quality score tertiles by ANCOVA adjusted for energy and socio economic status. Breakfast was eaten frequently by children and adults and contributed with 18–20% of total energy intake. Breakfast was relatively high in dietary fibre, B vitamins, calcium and magnesium and low in added sugar, total fat, sodium, vitamin A and D. A decrease in the intake of added sugar, total fat and saturated fat and an increase in the intake of dietary fibre and most micronutrients were seen across tertiles of dietary quality scores. Commonly consumed foods provided at breakfast in Denmark included bread, breakfast cereals and dairy products as well as water, coffee and juice, while intakes of fruits, vegetables, cakes and soft drinks were low.
Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, Slaughter Skinfold-Thickness Equations, and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry for Estimating Body Fat Percentage in Colombian Children and Adolescents with Excess of Adiposity
Authors: González-Ruíz Katherine , Medrano María , Correa-Bautista Jorge Enrique , García-Hermoso Antonio , Prieto-Benavides Daniel Humberto , Tordecilla-Sanders Alejandra , Agostinis-Sobrinho César , Correa-Rodríguez María , Schmidt Rio-Valle Jacqueline , González-Jiménez Emilio , Ramírez-Vélez Robinson
Published: August 2018

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been considered a reference method for measuring body fat percentage (BF%) in children and adolescents with an excess of adiposity. However, given that the DXA technique is impractical for routine field use, there is a need to investigate other methods that can accurately determine BF%. We studied the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technology, including foot-to-foot and hand-to-foot impedance, and Slaughter skinfold-thickness equations in the measurement of BF%, compared with DXA, in a population of Latin American children and adolescents with an excess of adiposity. A total of 127 children and adolescents (11–17 years of age; 70% girls) from the HEPAFIT (Exercise Training and Hepatic Metabolism in Overweight/Obese Adolescent) study were included in the present work. BF% was measured on the same day using two BIA analysers (Seca® 206, Allers Hamburg, Germany and Model Tanita® BC-418®, TANITA Corporation, Sportlife Tokyo, Japan), skinfold measurements (Slaughter equation), and DXA (Hologic Horizon DXA System®, Quirugil, Bogotá, Columbia). Agreement between measurements was analysed using t-tests, Bland–Altman plots, and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (ρc). There was a significant correlation between DXA and the other BF% measurement methods (r > 0.430). According to paired t-tests, in both sexes, BF% assessed by BIA analysers or Slaughter equations differ from BF% assessed by DXA (p < 0.001). The lower and upper limits of the differences compared with DXA were 6.3–22.9, 2.2–2.8, and −3.2–21.3 (95% CI) in boys and 2.3–14.8, 2.4–20.1, and 3.9–18.3 (95% CI) in girls for Seca® mBCA, Tanita® BC 420MA, and Slaughter equations, respectively. Concordance was poor between DXA and the other methods of measuring BF% (ρc < 0.5). BIA analysers and Slaughter equations underestimated BF% measurements compared to DXA, so they are not interchangeable methods for assessing BF% in Latin American children and adolescents with excess of adiposity.
A Window to Toxoplasma gondii Egress
Authors: Caldas Lucio , De Souza Wanderley
Published: August 2018

The Toxoplasma gondii cellular cycle has been widely studied in many lifecycle stages; however, the egress event still is poorly understood even though different types of molecules were shown to be involved. Assuming that there is no purpose or intentionality in biological phenomena, there is no such question as “Why does the parasite leaves the host cell”, but “Under what conditions and how?”. In this review we aimed to summarize current knowledge concerning T. gondii egress physiology (signalling pathways), structures, and route.
Isolation and Structural Characterization of Bioactive Molecules on Prostate Cancer from Mayan Traditional Medicinal Plants
Authors: Fort Rafael Sebastián , Trinidad Barnech Juan M. , Dourron Juliette , Colazzo Marcos , Aguirre-Crespo Francisco J. , Duhagon María Ana , Álvarez Guzmán
Published: August 2018

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men around the world. It is a complex and heterogeneous disease in which androgens and their receptors play a crucial role in the progression and development. The current treatment for prostate cancer is a combination of surgery, hormone therapy, radiation and chemotherapy. Therapeutic agents commonly used in the clinic include steroidal and non-steroidal anti-androgens, such as cyproterone acetate, bicalutamide and enzalutamide. These few agents have multiple adverse effects and are not 100% effective. Several plant compounds and mixtures, including grape seed polyphenol extracts, lycopene and tomato preparations, soy isoflavones, and green tea extracts, have been shown to be effective against prostate cancer cell growth. In vivo activity of some isolated compounds like capsaicin and curcumin was reported in prostate cancer murine models. We prepared a library of plant extracts from traditional Mayan medicine. These plants were selected for their use in the contemporaneous Mayan communities for the treatment of different diseases. The extracts were assessed in a phenotypic screening using LNCaP prostate cancer androgen sensitive cell line, with a fixed dose of 25 μg/mL. MTT assay identified seven out of ten plants with interesting anti-neoplastic activity. Extracts from these plants were subjected to a bioguided fractionation to study their major components. We identified three compounds with anti-neoplastic effects against LNCaP cells, one of which shows selectivity for neoplastic compared to benign cells.
Drivers of Landscape Changes in Coastal Ecosystems on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Authors: Jorgenson M. Torre , Frost Gerald V. , Dissing Dorte
Published: August 2018

The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) is the largest delta in western North America and its productive coastal ecosystems support globally significant populations of breeding birds and a large indigenous population. To quantify past landscape changes as a guide to assessing future climate impacts to the YKD and how indigenous society may adapt to change, we photo-interpreted ecotypes at 600 points within 12 grids in a 2118 km2 area along the central YKD coast using a time-series of air photos from 1948–1955 and 1980 and satellite images from 2007–2008 (IKONOS) and 2013–2016 (WorldView). We found that ecotype classes changed 16.2% (342 km2) overall during the ~62 years. Ecotypes changed 6.0% during 1953–1980, 7.2% during 1980–2007 and 3.8% during 2007–2015. Lowland Moist Birch-Ericaceous Low Scrub (−5.0%) and Coastal Saline Flat Barrens (−2.3%) showed the greatest decreases in area, while Lowland Water Sedge Meadow (+1.7%) and Lacustrine Marestail Marsh (+1.3%) showed the largest increases. Dominant processes affecting change were permafrost degradation (5.3%), channel erosion (3.0%), channel deposition (2.2%), vegetation colonization (2.3%) and lake drainage (1.5%), while sedimentation, water-level fluctuations, permafrost aggradation and shoreline paludification each affected <0.5% of the area. Rates of change increased dramatically in the late interval for permafrost degradation (from 0.06 to 0.26%/year) and vegetation colonization (from 0.03 to 0.16%/year), while there was a small decrease in channel deposition (from 0.05 to 0.0%/year) due largely to barren mudflats being colonized by vegetation. In contrast, rates of channel erosion remained fairly constant. The increased permafrost degradation coincided with increasing storm frequency and air temperatures. We attribute increased permafrost degradation and vegetation colonization during the recent interval mostly to the effects of a large storm in 2005, which caused extensive salt-kill of vegetation along the margins of permafrost plateaus and burial of vegetation on active tidal flats by mud that was later recolonized. Due to the combination of extremely flat terrain, sea-level rise, sea-ice reduction that facilitates more storm flooding and accelerating permafrost degradation, we believe the YKD is the most vulnerable region in the Arctic to climate warming.
Unified Channel Management for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks Aided Internet of Things
Authors: Aslam Saleem , Ansar-ul-Haq  , Jang Ju Wook , Lee Kyung-Geun
Published: August 2018

Cognitive capabilities are indispensable for the Internet of Things (IoT) not only to equip them with learning, thinking, and decision-making capabilities but also to cater to their unprecedented huge spectrum requirements due to their gigantic numbers and heterogeneity. Therefore, in this paper, a novel unified channel management framework (CMF) is introduced for cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs), which comprises an (1) opportunity detector (ODR), (2) opportunity scheduler (OSR), and (3) opportunity ranker (ORR) to specifically address the immense and diverse spectrum requirements of CRSN-aided IoT. The unified CMF is unique for its type as it covers all three angles of spectrum management. The ODR is a double threshold based multichannel spectrum sensor that allows an IoT device to concurrently sense multiple channels to maximize spectrum opportunities. OSR is an integer linear programming (ILP) based channel allocation mechanism that assigns channels to heterogeneous IoT devices based on their minimal quality of service (QoS) requirements. ORR collects feedback from IoT devices about their transmission experience and generates special channel-sensing order (CSO) for each IoT device based on the data rate and idle-time probabilities. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CMF outperforms the existing ones in terms of collision probability, detection probability, blocking probability, idle-time probability, and data rate.
Fine-Grained Face Annotation Using Deep Multi-Task CNN
Authors: Celona Luigi , Bianco Simone , Schettini Raimondo
Published: August 2018

We present a multi-task learning-based convolutional neural network (MTL-CNN) able to estimate multiple tags describing face images simultaneously. In total, the model is able to estimate up to 74 different face attributes belonging to three distinct recognition tasks: age group, gender and visual attributes (such as hair color, face shape and the presence of makeup). The proposed model shares all the CNN’s parameters among tasks and deals with task-specific estimation through the introduction of two components: (i) a gating mechanism to control activations’ sharing and to adaptively route them across different face attributes; (ii) a module to post-process the predictions in order to take into account the correlation among face attributes. The model is trained by fusing multiple databases for increasing the number of face attributes that can be estimated and using a center loss for disentangling representations among face attributes in the embedding space. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Research on Construction Workers’ Activity Recognition Based on Smartphone
Authors: Zhang Mingyuan , Chen Shuo , Zhao Xuefeng , Yang Zhen
Published: August 2018

This research on identification and classification of construction workers’ activity contributes to the monitoring and management of individuals. Since a single sensor cannot meet management requirements of a complex construction environment, and integrated multiple sensors usually lack systemic flexibility and stability, this paper proposes an approach to construction-activity recognition based on smartphones. The accelerometers and gyroscopes embedded in smartphones were utilized to collect three-axis acceleration and angle data of eight main activities with relatively high frequency in simulated floor-reinforcing steel work. Data acquisition from multiple body parts enhanced the dimensionality of activity features to better distinguish between different activities. The CART algorithm of a decision tree was adopted to build a classification training model whose effectiveness was evaluated and verified through cross-validation. The results showed that the accuracy of classification for overall samples was up to 89.85% and the accuracy of prediction was 94.91%. The feasibility of using smartphones as data-acquisition tools in construction management was verified. Moreover, it was proved that the combination of a decision-tree algorithm with smartphones could achieve complex activity classification and identification.
A Fiber Bragg Grating Based Torsional Vibration Sensor for Rotating Machinery
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Wei Li , Li Ruiya , Liu Qin , Yu Lingling
Published: August 2018

This paper proposes a new type of torsional vibration sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The sensor has two mass ball optical fiber systems. The optical fiber is directly treated as an elastomer and a mass ball is fixed in the middle of the fiber in each mass ball fiber system, which is advantageously small, lightweight, and has anti-electromagnetic interference properties. The torsional vibration signal can be calculated by the four FBGs’ wavelength shifts, which are caused by mass balls. The difference in the two sets of mass ball optical fiber systems achieves anti-horizontal vibration and anti-temperature interference. The principle and model of the sensor, as well as numerical analysis and structural parameter design, are introduced. The experimental conclusions show that the minimum torsional natural frequency of the sensor is 27.35 Hz and the torsional vibration measurement sensitivity is 0.3603 pm/(rad/s2).
A Forward Collision Warning System for Smartphones Using Image Processing and V2V Communication
Authors: Patra Subhadeep , Veelaert Peter , Calafate Carlos T. , Cano Juan-Carlos , Zamora Willian , Manzoni Pietro , González Fabio
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we present a forward collision warning application for smartphones that uses license plate recognition and vehicular communication to generate warnings for notifying the drivers of the vehicle behind and the one ahead, of a probable collision when the vehicle behind does not maintain an established safe distance between itself and the vehicle ahead. The application was tested in both static and mobile scenarios, from which we confirmed the working of our application, even though its performance is affected by the hardware limitations of the smartphones.
One-Step Laser Encapsulation of Nano-Cracking Strain Sensors
Authors: Park Chan , Jung Hyunsuk , Lee Hyunwoo , Hong Sunguk , Kim Hyonguk , Cho Seong J.
Published: August 2018

Development of flexible strain sensors that can be attached directly onto the skin, such as skin-mountable or wearable electronic devices, has recently attracted attention. However, such flexible sensors are generally exposed to various harsh environments, such as sweat, humidity, or dust, which cause noise and shorten the sensor lifetimes. This study reports the development of a nano-crack-based flexible sensor with mechanically, thermally, and chemically stable electrical characteristics in external environments using a novel one-step laser encapsulation (OLE) method optimized for thin films. The OLE process allows simultaneous patterning, cutting, and encapsulating of a device using laser cutting and thermoplastic polymers. The processes are simplified for economical and rapid production (one sensor in 8 s). Unlike other encapsulation methods, OLE does not degrade the performance of the sensor because the sensing layers remain unaffected. Sensors protected with OLE exhibit mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability under water-, heat-, dust-, and detergent-exposed conditions. Finally, a waterproof, flexible strain sensor is developed to detect motions around the eye, where oil and sweat are generated. OLE-based sensors can be used in several applications that are exposed to a large amount of foreign matter, such as humid or sweaty environments.
Soil Moisture Retrieval from the Chinese GF-3 Satellite and Optical Data over Agricultural Fields
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Meng Qingyan , Yao Shun , Wang Qiao , Zeng Jiangyuan , Zhao Shaohua , Ma Jianwei
Published: August 2018

Timely and accurate soil moisture information is of great importance in agricultural monitoring. The Gaofen-3 (GF-3) satellite, the first C-band multi-polarization synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) satellite in China, provides valuable data sources for soil moisture monitoring. In this study, a soil moisture retrieval algorithm was developed for the GF-3 satellite based on a backscattering coefficient simulation database. We adopted eight optical vegetation indices to determine the relationships between these indices and vegetation water content (VWC) by combining Landsat-8 data and field measurements. A backscattering coefficient database was built using an advanced integral equation model (AIEM). The effects of vegetation on backscattering coefficients were corrected using the water cloud model (WCM) to obtain the bare soil backscattering coefficient ( σ s o i l ° ). Then, soil moisture retrievals were obtained at HH, VV and HH+VV combination respectively by minimizing the observed bare soil backscattering coefficient ( σ s o i l ° ) and the AIEM-simulated backscattering coefficient ( σ soil-simu ° ). Finally, the proposed algorithm was validated in agriculture region of wheat and corn in China using ground soil moisture measurements. The results showed that the normalized difference infrared index (NDII) had the best fit with measured VWC values (R = 0.885) among the eight vegetation water indices; thus, it was adopted to correct the effects of vegetation. The proposed algorithm using GF-3 satellite data performed well in soil moisture retrieval, and the scheme combining HH and VV polarization exhibited the highest accuracy, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.044 m3m−3, followed by HH polarization (RMSE = 0.049 m3m−3) and VV polarization (RMSE = 0.053 m3m−3). Therefore, the proposed algorithm has good potential to operationally estimate soil moisture from the new GF-3 satellite data.
Arable Land Tenancy and Soil Quality in Germany: Contesting Theory with Empirics
Authors: Daedlow Katrin , Lemke Nahleen , Helming Katharina
Published: August 2018

Soils are under increasing utilization pressure, and soil governance is an important element to maintain soil functions and prevent the degradation of soil quality. However, scientific studies about soil governance are rare. In this paper, we focus on the governance mechanism of land rent. Here, a major theoretical assumption is that landowners have higher incentives to maintain soil quality than leaseholders. By using data for German arable land at the county level, we contrast theoretical assumptions about the relationships between landowners, leaseholders and soil quality with empirical evidence based on correlations between arable land rent prices, rent proportions and yield potential. The main finding is that the empirical data contradict the theoretical assumptions to a large degree, i.e., no clear relationship could be discerned between the three parameters of arable land soil quality, rent price and rent proportion. We discuss possible explanations for the revealed contradictions based on the state of research and highlight the need for future research to better understand the potential of arable land tenancy as a governance mechanism for sustainable soil management.
Molecular and Biological Characterisation of Turnip mosaic virus Isolates Infecting Poppy (Papaver somniferum and P. rhoeas) in Slovakia
Authors: Glasa Miroslav , Šoltys Katarína , Predajňa Lukáš , Sihelská Nina , Nováková Slavomíra , Šubr Zdeno , Kraic Ján , Mihálik Daniel
Published: August 2018

In recent years, the accumulated molecular data of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) isolates from various hosts originating from different parts of the world considerably helped to understand the genetic complexity and evolutionary history of the virus. In this work, four complete TuMV genomes (HC9, PK1, MS04, MS15) were characterised from naturally infected cultivated and wild-growing Papaver spp., hosts from which only very scarce data were available previously. Phylogenetic analyses showed the affiliation of Slovak Papaver isolates to the world-B and basal-B groups. The PK1 isolate showed a novel intra-lineage recombination pattern, further confirming the important role of recombination in the shaping of TuMV genetic diversity. Biological assays indicated that the intensity of symptoms in experimentally inoculated oilseed poppy are correlated to TuMV accumulation level in leaves. This is the first report of TuMV in poppy plants in Slovakia.
Determination of Micropollutants in Water Samples from Swimming Pool Systems
Authors: Lempart Anna , Kudlek Edyta , Dudziak Mariusz
Published: August 2018

The present study investigated the occurrence of selected micropollutants, including emerging contaminants from a group of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in water samples from swimming pool systems. The study area was selected based on the lack of available information regarding suspected contamination of swimming pool water by PPCPs. The variety and concentration of chemical compounds in these aquatic systems can be quite diversified, presenting a challenge in terms of both purification and quality control. Determination of PPCPs requires very sensitive analytical methods that make it possible to confirm the presence of tested compounds in a complex organic extract. In this field, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) can be used. With this system, selected ion monitoring can be performed, which reduces the detection limits of the investigated analyte. This paper aims to present an analytical method and strategy that can be adapted to obtain information on the composition of water in swimming pool systems. The sample preparation methodology, including Solid Phase Extraction, has been developed for the trace determination of two pharmaceuticals—caffeine, carbamazepine—and one sunscreen constituent—benzophenone-3—in swimming pool water samples.
Calix[6]arene-based atropoisomeric pseudo[2]rotaxanes
Authors: Gaeta Carmine , Talotta Carmen , Neri Placido
Published: August 2018

Some examples of atropoisomeric pseudorotaxanes in which the isomerism arises by the different conformations adopted by the wheel are reported here. Upon threading hexahexyloxycalix[6]arene 1 with ammonium axles 2+ or 3+, bearing biphenyl or trifluoromethylbenzyl moieties, respectively, two atropoisomeric pseudorotaxanes were formed in which the calix[6]-wheel 1 adopts the 1,2,3-alternate and cone conformations. The interconversion between them cannot be obtained by simple rotation around the ArCH2Ar bonds of the calixarene wheel, which is blocked by the presence of the axle inside its cavity. Therefore, it can only be obtained through a mechanism of de-threading/re-threading of the axle. In all the examined cases, the 1,2,3-alternate and cone atropoisomers are, respectively, the kinetic and the thermodynamic ones.
The “Cosmic Seagull”: A Highly Magnified Disk-like Galaxy at z ≃ 2.8 behind the Bullet Cluster
Authors: Motta V. , Ibar E. , Verdugo T. , Molina J. , Hughes T. M. , Birkinshaw M. , López-Cruz O. , Black J. H. , Gunawan D. , Horellou C. , Magaña J.
Published: August 2018

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array measurements of the “Cosmic Seagull,” a strongly magnified galaxy at z = 2.7779 behind the Bullet Cluster. We report CO(3–2) and continuum 344 μm (rest-frame) data at one of the highest differential magnifications ever recorded at submillimeter wavelengths (μ up to ∼50), facilitating a characterization of the kinematics of a rotational curve in great detail (at ∼620 pc resolution in the source plane). We find no evidence for a decreasing rotation curve, from which we derive a dynamical mass of  (6.3 ± 0.7) × 1010
M
⊙ within r = 2.6 ± 0.1 kpc.  The discovery of a third, unpredicted, image  provides key information for a future improvement of the lensing modeling of the Bullet Cluster and allows a measure of the stellar mass,

, unaffected by strong differential magnification. The baryonic mass is expected to be dominated by the molecular gas content (f
gas ≤ 80 ± 20%) based on an

mass estimated from the difference between dynamical and stellar masses. The star formation rate (SFR) is estimated via the spectral energy distribution (SFR = 190 ± 10 M
⊙ yr−1), implying a molecular gas depletion time of 0.25 ± 0.08 Gyr.
Off the Beaten Path: Gaia Reveals GD-1 Stars outside of the Main Stream
Authors: Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Bonaca Ana
Published: August 2018

Tidally disrupted globular clusters are transformed into thin, dynamically cold streams of stars that are extremely valuable tracers of the large- and small-scale distribution of mass in the Galaxy. Using data from the Gaia second data release combined with Pan-STARRS photometry, we present a sample of highly probable members of the longest cold stream in the Milky Way, GD-1. The resulting map of GD-1: (1) extends the apparent length of the stream by 20°, (2) reveals plausible locations for the progenitor, (3) detects high-contrast gaps along the stream, and (4) indicates the existence of stream members perturbed off the main stream track. These discoveries are only possible because of the exquisite astrometry from Gaia, which permits a clean separation of the stream from Milky Way stars. The additional length and a proper treatment of the progenitor will aid in dynamical modeling of GD-1 for mapping the large-scale dark matter distribution. The complex morphology of the stream points to a turbulent history; detailed phase-space properties of the perturbed stream members could potentially constrain dark matter substructure in the Milky Way.
« C’est toujours la même routine », mais… : modes d’habiter des travailleurs du mégachantier hydroélectrique de la rivière Romaine (Côte-Nord, Québec, Canada)
Authors: Guimond Laurie , Desmeules Alexia
Published: August 2018

Cet article se centre sur l’expérience géographique quotidienne des travailleurs du projet hydroélectrique de la Romaine sur la Côte-Nord (Québec) pour mieux comprendre les modes d’habiter des grands chantiers nordiques. À partir d’une démarche qualitative fondée sur des entrevues approfondies menées auprès de travailleurs autochtones et non autochtones, régionaux et extra-régionaux, nous explorons quatre composantes interdépendantes des modes d’habiter le chantier et ses campements : le travail, la mobilité, le vivre-ensemble, l’habitat. La lecture transversale des expériences plurielles – positives ou non – débouche sur une typologie originale des modes d’habiter qui entrecroise le travailleur-habitant et le chantier-habité  : le refuge , l’ atelier , la prison dorée , le pénitencier , l’ escale . Notre analyse révèle qu’au-delà d’un modèle de développement territorial axé sur le pragmatisme et la productivité, imposant une structure rigide et des routines fermement établies aux travailleurs, se dégagent des rapports nuancés au chantier et aux collègues d’origines géographiques et culturelles différenciées.
L’enseignant-e, les parents, les spécialistes : diffusion des savoirs experts et altération de la collaboration avec les parents dans l’enseignement prioritaire
Authors: Payet Jean-Paul , Deshayes Fabien , Rufin Diane , Pelhate Julie
Published: August 2018

La collaboration, qu’elle soit interinstitutionnelle ou avec les parents, est devenue un mode d’action largement mobilisé par l’institution scolaire. Agir collectivement est supposé gage d’efficacité, particulièrement lorsque les élèves sont de milieu défavorisé et rencontrent des difficultés. Pourtant, force est de constater que toutes les formes de collaboration ne se valent pas. Dans l’enseignement prioritaire genevois, la collaboration interinstitutionnelle de l’école et des institutions du champ médico-pédagogique et socio-judiciaire supplante celle que les enseignant-e-s mettent en place avec les parents, en particulier lorsqu’ils sont faiblement dotés culturellement et scolairement. Écartés de la recherche de solutions pour l’élève en difficulté, ces derniers sont avant tout considérés comme des sous-traitants dont il est attendu qu’ils mettent en œuvre les suivis thérapeutiques préconisés. Ce processus de délégation du traitement de la difficulté scolaire à des spécialistes modifie en profondeur la professionnalité enseignante, le repérage précoce conduisant à faire des enseignant-e-s des pourvoyeurs d’informations plutôt que des professionnel-le-s capables d’élaborer des réponses pédagogiques aux difficultés observées.
Médiateurs scolaires et travailleurs de l’accrochage scolaire en Belgique francophone : interprétations et négociations autour du partage du travail socioéducatif
Authors: Verhoeven Marie
Published: August 2018

En revisitant plusieurs enquêtes empiriques, cet article se penche sur l’activité de deux types d’intervenants chargés de la lutte et de la prévention contre les violences et le décrochage scolaire : les médiateurs scolaires et les travailleurs de l’ accrochage scolaire . Après avoir présenté le contexte ayant présidé à leur apparition et la pluralité des référentiels d’action publique qui les encadrent, l’article se consacre à une analyse « par le bas » de ces deux segments. La comparaison des dispositifs met au jour des interprétations contrastées des fonctions socioéducatives de l’école, oscillant entre une logique de contrôle et une logique d’émancipation. Enfin, l’on examine comment ces intervenants négocient leur place au sein de l’établissement scolaire. La délimitation des rôles de chacun mais aussi les alliances qui s’établissent sont révélatrices des enjeux du « partage du travail socioéducatif », qui semble hésiter en Belgique francophone entre la voie de la division et celle de la collaboration.
What does “we” want? Team Reasoning, Game Theory, and Unselfish Behaviours
Authors: Lecouteux Guilhem
Published: August 2018

cet éditorial présente les principales contributions de la théorie du raisonnement en équipe en théorie des jeux, et les problèmes qu’il reste à résoudre avant que cette théorie ne puisse offrir une alternative crédible à la théorie des jeux « orthodoxe ». Je suggère en particulier qu’une approche fondée sur l’agence collective plutôt la théorie du choix rationnel et les préférences sociales offre une théorie scientifiquement préférable des comportements collectifs, en termes de parcimonie et de validation empirique. Je propose une brève revue de la littérature économique portant sur le raisonnement en équipe, et met en avant les contributions des articles de ce numéro.
Coordination, Team Reasoning, and Solution Thinking
Authors: Guala Francesco
Published: August 2018

Adam Morton a avancé l’idée qu’un type particulier de simulation, nommé « raisonnement par solution », permet d’expliquer comment les joueurs se coordonnent avec succès dans une interaction stratégique. Dans cet article, je développe l’idée de Morton et suggère que (i) la simulation explique comment un point focal peut générer des croyances communes, et (ii) les individus engagent dans une forme particulière de simulation lorsqu’ils raisonnent en équipe. Un aspect essentiel du raisonnement par solution est que les croyances communes sont un output , et non un input , de la coordination. Cela suggère que le rôle des croyances dans le maintien de la coordination puisse être moindre que ce qui est traditionnellement supposé dans la littérature.