bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cobalt supported chitosan-derived carbon-smectite catalyst in Oxone® induced dye degradation
Authors: Stevanovic Gordana , Jovic-Jovicic Natasa , Popovic Aleksandar , Dojcinovic Biljana , Milutinovic-Nikolic Aleksandra , Bankovic Predrag , Ajdukovic Marija
Published: July 2023

Catalytic degradation of tartrazine in the presence of Oxone? activated by a catalyst constituted of cobalt supported on a nanocomposite of smectite with chitosan-derived carbon was investigated. The catalyst was synthesized using cobalt impregnation followed by carbonization at 773 K in an inert atmosphere. The synthesized catalyst was previously fully characterized using appropriate characterization methods, including XRPD, XPS, FTIR, HRTEM, and low-temperature N2-physisorption analysis. The catalytic experiments were performed by varying different experimental parameters (dye concentration, Oxone? concentration, temperature, and initial pH of the reaction solution). The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were estimated from the experimental results. The kinetics data showed the best fit with the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The activation energy of the investigated degradation process was calculated according to the Arrhenius equation. The catalyst showed excellent performance at low temperatures even at 298 K, and in the wide range of pH values.
Characterization of NTC thick film thermistor paste Cu0.2Ni0.5Zn1.0Mn1.3O4
Authors: Aleksic Stanko , Obradovic Nina , Mitrovic Nebojsa , Lukovic Miloljub
Published: July 2023

A powder of Cu0.2Ni0.5Zn1.0 Mn1.3O4 composition for custom thermistor was prepared by using the respective mixture of metal oxides and solid state reaction at 1000 ?C/4h in air. The obtained thermistor powder was milled in the planetary ball mill and agate mill for a prolonged time to achieve submicron powder. The prepared thermistor powder was further characterized by using XRD and SEM techniques. After that, the thermistor powder was pressed into small disc-shaped samples and sintered at 1150?C/2h. The sintered samples were also characterized by using XRD and SEM. The main electrical properties such as nominal resistance R and thermistor exponential factor B were measured in the climatic test chamber. After that, the thick film paste was prepared using the same powder, an organic vehicle and a glass frit. The paste was printed on alumina substrate, dried at 150 =?C /30 min and sintered in air at 850?C /10 min in a hybrid conveyor furnace. Planar electrodes were printed on the sintered NTC thermistor layer using PdAg thick film paste. The electric properties of the sintered thick film thermistor were also measured in the climatic test chamber. The obtained results were used for development of novel self-heating thermistor applications.
An evaluation of gingival phenotype and thickness as determined by indirect and direct methods
Authors: Kong Jessica , Aps Johan , Naoum Steven , Lee Richard , Miranda Leticia Algarves , Murray Kevin , Hartsfield James K. , Goonewardene Mithran S.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To evaluate gingival phenotype (GP) and thickness (GT) using visual, probing, and ultrasound (US) methods and to assess the accuracy and consistency of clinicians to visually identify GP.

Materials and Methods

The GP and GT of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth in 29 orthodontic patients (mean age 25 ± 7.5 years) were assessed using probing and US by a single examiner. General dentist and dental specialist assessors (n = 104) were shown intraoral photographs of the patients, including six repeated images, and asked to identify the GP via a questionnaire.

Results

An increasing trend in GT values of thin, medium, and thick biotype probe categories was found, though this was not statistically significant (P = .188). Comparison of probing method to determinations of GT made by US yielded slight agreement (κ = 0.12). Using the visual method, assessors’ identification of the second GP determination ranged from poor to moderate agreement (κ = 0.29 to κ = 0.53).

Conclusions

The probe method is sufficient in differentiating between different categories of GP. However, further research is required to assess the sensitivity of the probe method in recognizing phenotypes in the most marginal of cases. Assessors using the visual method lack the ability to identify GP accurately and consistently among themselves.
Pseudocyst of the ear. Report of three cases.
Authors: González M , Ratón J A , Manzano D , Zabala R , Landa N , Díaz-Pérez J L
Published: July 2023

Pseudocyst of the ear is a rare entity with controversial pathogenesis. Usually it is presented as a solitary, unilateral, fluctuant and non/inflammatory tumour of the ear with overlying normal skin. It occurs most often in young adult males. Incission reveals a serous liquid, with the consistency of olive oil, contained in the cyst/like lesion. Histopathology shows an intracartilaginous cavity with signs of degeneration and necrosis of the limiting cartilage. We present three new cases of this entity. Continuous minor trauma appears to be the causative factor in one of the patients, who also presented bilateral lesions.
Irritant reactivity is a better risk marker for nickel sensitization than atopy.
Authors: Elsner P , Burg G
Published: July 2023

In order to optimize patch test strategies and counselling in occupational dermatology, it is important to identify risk markers of contact sensitization. Since nickel is the most frequent contact allergen in European countries, we studied the potential of the irritant response to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) to predict nickel sensitization. In 100 patients subsequently tested in our patch test clinic with the standard patch test series of the German Contact Dermatitis Group (DKG), the atopy score as described by Diepgen et al. was determined and an SLS patch test was performed. Relative transepidermal water loss (TEWL), expressed as the ratio between the TEWL of the SLS/irritated and the control site, atopy score, age and sex were tested by logistic regression analysis for their association with patch test/proven nickel sensitization. Age, sex and relative TEWL were found to be significant predictors of nickel sensitization, whereas the atopy score was not. Patients with nickel sensitization were significantly younger (mean age 35.0 +// 4.1 versus 46.2 +// 2.1 years), more frequently of female gender (28.6% versus 3.9%) and had a significantly higher relative TEWL following SLS exposure (471.0 +// 40.8% versus 344.0 +// 16.2%). The mean atopy score of nickel/sensitized patients was slightly higher than that of patients not sensitized (6.0 +// 1.3 versus 5.3 +// 0.5), but the difference was not significant. In previous studies on larger patient samples, atopy was found to be a predictor of nickel allergy. This discrepancy may be explained by the smaller statistical power of our study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
IgE-binding components in Pityrosporum orbiculare identified by an immunoblotting technique.
Authors: Johansson S , Karlström K
Published: July 2023

IgE-binding components in crude extracts of Pityrosporum orbiculare were separated by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to Immobilon membrane. The components were detected by P. orbiculare radioallergosorbent (RAST) positive sera (class 2-4) from 37 patients with atopic dermatitis and visualized by enzyme-labelled anti-human IgE antibodies in chromogenic substrate. Numerous IgE-binding compounds were demonstrated in the molecular weight (MW) range of 14-94 kD. Eight of them were characterized to molecular size, frequency of reacting sera and intensity of bands. Six of the defined components were found to be major allergens reacting with more than 50% of the sera. They had MWs 86, 76, 67, 28, 17 and 13 kD. Thirty-six of the 37 patients had elevated total serum IgE. Two other patient categories were studied 11 patients with lymphatic filariasis (high total serum IgE, greater than 1,300 kU/l) and 15 pityriasis versicolor patients (normal total serum IgE, less than 122 kU/l). The P. orbiculare RAST values for these sera showed good accordance with the reactivity in immunoblotting experiments.
Standardized trauma (tape stripping) in human vulvar and forearm skin. Effects on transepidermal water loss, capacitance and pH.
Authors: Wilhelm D , Elsner P , Maibach H I
Published: July 2023

Mechanical trauma to genital skin may favor the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. To study differences between vulvar and forearm skin in epidermal repair after standardized trauma, transepidermal water loss, capacitance and pH of forearm and vulvar skin in 10 healthy premenopausal women were monitored for 7 days after a standardized trauma induced by tape stripping to glistening. Vulvar and forearm skin showed similar responses immediately after tape stripping: a sudden increase in transepidermal water loss and capacitance. Forearm skin, however, reacted more intensely than vulvar skin forearm skin readings remained significantly higher than normal values for 2 days after tape stripping, whereas vulvar skin readings were not significantly different from normal. Thus, vulvar skin did not respond as extensively as forearm skin, presumably because it is a less complete barrier against excess body water loss. On the other hand, vulvar skin seemed to recover faster from skin damage than forearm skin, probably because of its higher epidermal cell turnover.
The incidence of basal cell carcinoma in an area of Stockholm County during the period 1971-1980.
Authors: Wallberg P , Skog E
Published: July 2023

A study was made of the incidence of basal cell cancer among a population of residents within a limited catchment area in Stockholm during the period 1971-1980. The age-standardized incidence of basal cell cancer increased by an average of 11.9% per year (p less than 0.005) and the incidence rate more than doubled during the ten-year period. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of increase for men and women. Nor was any such difference noted between face, head and neck and other skin areas.
Allergic contact dermatitis prevalence in patients with otitis externa.
Authors: Pigatto P D , Bigardi A , Legori A , Altomare G , Troiano L
Published: July 2023

A statistical analysis of the relationship between otitis externa and various clinical and etiological variables was carried out in 64 patients. Between 1988 and 1989, true eczema of the auditory canal was found in 43 of the 64 patients seen sequentially. 23.5% of all the patients found to have dermatitis could be regarded as having allergic contact dermatitis and the allergen identified. This incidence is less than the 40% and the 58% found in other previous studies. We did not find any specific difference in sex and age between the allergic and non-allergic groups. In the allergic group, topical drugs were the commonest sensitizing agents, followed by chemicals and resins found in the ear prosthesis. Twenty-one patients with negative patch tests were classified as seborrheic dermatitis and 11 as atopic dermatitis. The other 19 patients, who were discharged before patch testing, were diagnosed as having psoriasis (8) or chronic bacterial (6) or fungal infections (5), without true blister reaction. We think that accurately selected series must be used for these studies because of the low incidence of allergic contact dermatitis.
Perception of histamine-induced itch elicited in three different skin regions.
Authors: Wahlgren C F , Ekblom A
Published: July 2023

In order to investigate whether any regional difference in itch perception exists in experimentally induced pruritus, various concentrations of histamine (1, 3.3, 10, 33 and 100 micrograms/ml) were injected intradermally in three different skin regions in 15 healthy subjects. The regions were 1) the volar aspect of the forearm, 2) the lateral aspect of the upper arm and 3) the upper back at scapular level. Itch perception (itch latency, itch duration, maximal itch intensity, 'total itch index') and flare reactions were studied. A significant dose-response relationship was shown in each of the three regions for all itch variables, except itch latency, and for the flare reactions. However, no significant regional difference in itch perception was observed. The flare reaction showed a regional variation, with significantly smaller flares on the forearm than in the other two regions.
Quantification of Birbeck's granules in human Langerhans' cells.
Authors: Bartosik J , Lamm C J , Falck B
Published: July 2023

A proper understanding of the function of Birbeck's granules requires that they should be counted under various conditions. We now present a simple quantification method which does not depend on specific assumptions concerning size, shape or location of the particles counted and can, moreover, be applied for counting other subcellular structures as well. A population of 69 serially sectioned human Langerhans' cells had an average of 290 granules and no cell contained fewer than 96 granules, indicating that as they degrade, granules are continuously formed. Suprabasal Langerhans' cells contained significantly more granules than did the basal cells.
Local cholinergic sweat stimulation in atopic dermatitis. An evaporimetric study.
Authors: Kiistala R , Kiistala U , Parkkinen M U
Published: July 2023

In atopic dermatitis the nature of potential sweating disturbances is still obscure. Using an evaporimeter, local sweating response to a supra-threshold concentration of methacholine and baseline water loss were measured from non-eczematous back skin of 167 young males in five main groups (pure atopic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis with rhinitis/asthma, rhinitis/asthma, non-atopic dermatosis, and non-atopic healthy). Subjects with atopic dermatitis were further divided into two subgroups: dry-looking and normal-looking back skin. Compared with non-atopic healthy individuals, the sweat loss was significantly depressed (p less than 0.01) and the baseline water loss significantly increased (p less than 0.001) in the main groups with atopic dermatitis. Both these trends were most distinct in atopic dry-looking skin, whereas in normal-looking atopic skin only the sweat loss was depressed (p less than 0.05). Respiratory atopy had no effect on the sweating response. No significant correlation was found between the individual baseline water loss and the sweating response.
Histochemical localization of hyaluronan in psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis and normal skin.
Authors: Wells A F , Lundin A , Michaëlsson G
Published: July 2023

In suction blister fluid from active psoriatic lesions we have previously found elevated concentrations of hyaluronan. The aim of this investigation was to study the localization of hyaluronan with a histochemical method, in biopsy specimens from lesions of 13 patients with progressive psoriasis. Ten normal subjects and seven patients with allergic contact dermatitis were also studied. In normal epidermis the highest intensity of hyaluronan staining was found in the intercellular spaces in the middle and upper spinous layer, whereas the staining was much weaker in the basal layer. No hyaluronan was detected in the granular layer or in the orthokeratotic stratum corneum. In the dermis there was pronounced staining of the papillary dermis and around the sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles and blood vessels. In six of the 16 specimens from psoriatic lesions the normal epidermal meshwork of hyaluronan was partly absent and replaced by diffuse staining of both the spinous and the basal layer. In the remaining ten of these 16 specimens the same type of meshwork was found in stratum spinosum as in normal skin. The parakeratotic stratum corneum contained hyaluronan, in contrast to the normal stratum corneum, where no hyaluronan was present. The pattern of hyaluronan staining in the dermis of the psoriatic lesions did not differ from that in normal dermis. In the majority of the allergic patch test reactions the junction was less distinct than in normal skin between dermis and epidermis and the normal hyaluronan pattern of the basal layer was abolished and replaced by a diffuse staining throughout the layer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Long-term follow-up of lichen planus.
Authors: Irvine C , Irvine F , Champion R H
Published: July 2023

Several large series of patients with lichen planus were reported some 30 years ago but no recent large surveys have been published. In this study, detailed enquiry was made into the natural history of the disease in 214 patients followed up 8 to 12 years after presentation to the Dermatology Department. The key findings from this study showed that the mean age of onset of lichen planus in males was significantly lower than in females (40.3 years in males compared with 46.4 years in females, p less than 0.05). The main eruption of lichen planus cleared within one year in 68% of the patients but we found a higher recurrence rate than in previous series at 49%. Many patients suffered from persistent brown staining many years after the rash had cleared.
PIXE analysis in uninvolved skin of atopic patients and aged skin.
Authors: Bunse T , Steigleder G K , Höfert M , Gonsior B
Published: July 2023

PIXE (proton-induced X-ray emission) analysis was used to determine the elemental distribution in normal-appearing skin of patients suffering from atopic eczema and in the skin of elderly people. With this technique, elements with atomic numbers greater than or equal to 14 can be detected simultaneously in cryosections of skin biopsies down to a concentration of 1 ppm. Compared with a control group, the epidermal concentrations of Zn and Cu, which are constituent parts of a variety of enzymes, were increased in uninvolved skin of patients with atopic eczema. An increased concentration of these two metals might indicate that even in the epidermis of clinically normal skin of atopic patients, the content of certain enzymes is increased. In the epidermis of elderly people the level of K was lower and that of Ca was higher than in the epidermis of a younger age group. The decreased K level may reflect a reduction of the intracellular volume in the epidermis of aged skin. As high Ca concentrations inhibit the proliferation of and promote the differentiation of keratinocytes, elevated Ca levels may be of importance for the age-associated decrease in epidermal turnover rate.
The hairless mouse as a model for study of local and systemic atrophogenic effects following topical application of corticosteroids.
Authors: Van den Hoven W E , Van den Berg T P , Korstanje C
Published: July 2023

The hairless mouse has been used as a model to distinguish between local and systemic atrophogenic effects of topical steroids. Hydrocortisone-17-butyrate, betamethasone-17-valerate, budesonide and clobetasol-17-propionate were applied topically daily for 21 days. Skinfold thickness and dermal DNA synthesis of treated and untreated skin were evaluated as parameters of local and systemic atrophogenicity. Further, body weight gain and thymus weight were assessed as markers of systemic activity. With respect to local effects, skin thickness and dermal DNA synthesis both proved to be good parameters. Of the systemic parameters, thymic involution and body weight gain paralleled quite well the skin thinning on the untreated side. The results confirmed the potency differences of the steroids. Furthermore, they emphasize the usefulness of the hairless mouse to assess the relative safety with respect to local and systemic side effects of chronically applied topical corticosteroids.
UV-induced squamous cell carcinomas in the hairless mouse. Morphological characteristics and transplantation in the syngenic and nude mouse.
Authors: Cadi R , Beani J C , Jacrot M , Pinel N , Amblard P
Published: July 2023

Squamous cell carcinomas were induced by UVB in the hairless mouse HRO hr/hr. Twelve mice were irradiated three times a week at a dose of 0.19 J/cm2. The average latency period for the appearance of the first tumour is 16 weeks and by the 21st week, tumour incidence is 100%. Further observation of these tumours shows that their growth is independent of irradiation dose and that the tumours continue to appear even after cessation of irradiation. Histological and cytological examination of these tumours show them to have characteristics of malignancy. Transplantation in athymic mice suggests that UVB provokes immune deficiencies in hairless mice similar to those seen in conditioned nude mice.
The occurrence of antinuclear, anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies in patients with polymorphous light eruption.
Authors: Kiss M , Husz S , Dobozy A
Published: July 2023

Serological features were investigated in 22 patients with polymorphous light eruption. The diagnosis was made from the history and clinical patterns and confirmed by phototesting and histological examinations. In 4 patients with polymorphous light eruption, anti-RNP antibodies were detected in the serum despite the fact that the antinuclear antibody tests were negative in all cases. The serum levels of anti-SSA/Ro antibodies in the patients were mildly but significantly elevated (p less than 0.001) as compared with healthy controls. No difference was found between the patients and controls regarding the serum concentrations of anti-SSB/La antibodies. The conclusion is drawn that it is necessary to examine patients with polymorphous light eruption with regard to a 'late autoimmune course' and it is worthwhile to study the relationship between the photosensitivity and the occurrence of anti-SSA/Ro antibodies.
Dendrocytoclasis in Henoch-Schönlein purpura.
Authors: Estrada J A , Goffin F , Cornil F , Pierard-Franchimont C , Pierard G E
Published: July 2023

We studied by immunohistochemistry the fate of factor XIIIa-positive dermal dendrocytes in Henoch-Schönlein purpura. We have observed apoptosis affecting most of the perivascular dendrocytes. Such an aspect of dendrocytoclasis has never previously been reported in inflammatory disorders in the absence of vasculitis.
Development of Ki-1 lymphoma in a child suffering from multicentric reticulohistiocytosis.
Authors: Kuramoto Y , Iizawa O , Matsunaga J , Nakamura N , Tagami H
Published: July 2023

We report a case of Ki-1 lymphoma that developed in a 16-year-old youth who had suffered from multicentric reticulohistiocytosis for 10 years. Over the past 3 years he had had a peculiar sclerosing lesion of the leg for which oral prednisone 5 mg daily was tried for one year, with a moderate effect. He developed a marked swelling of the inguinal lymphadenopathy on the same side as the affected leg lesion, which also developed a prominent swelling of the skin surrounding the sclerosed area. Immunohistochemical analysis of the lymph node biopsy revealed the features of Ki-1 lymphoma. This is the first case of association of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with Ki-1 lymphoma.
Lack of efficacy of topical cyclosporin A in atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.
Authors: De Rie M A , Meinardi M M , Bos J D
Published: July 2023

Since oral cyclosporin A (CsA) has demonstrated its effectiveness in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, efforts have been made to develop a topical CsA formulation, thus avoiding systemic adverse events. A limited number of publications are available on the use of topical CsA in allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. Moreover the response rate of humans to topical CsA is about 50% or less. We now report our results with three new topical CsA formulations on allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. No significant improvement was found in 16 atopic dermatitis patients and 7 allergic contact dermatitis (nickel sulphate) patients.
Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in benign naevi and malignant melanomas.
Authors: Hansen N L , Ralfkiaer E , Hou-Jensen K , Thomsen K , Drzewiecki K T , Rothlein R , Vejlsgaard G L
Published: July 2023

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that is a ligand for lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and is important for a number of cell adhesions in immune reactions. The molecule is expressed by several cell types (e.g. macrophages, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, melanoma cells and cell lines) and there are some indications that expression of this molecule in melanocytic lesions is confined to malignant tumours and is more pronounced in metastatic and advanced tumours than in earlier lesions. In an attempt to elucidate this issue, we have studied biopsy samples from benign naevi (n = 7) and malignant melanomas (n = 33) regarding reactivity with monoclonal anti-ICAM-1 (CD54). The results indicate that the great majority of malignant melanomas are ICAM-1-positive. The most abundant staining is seen in metastatic melanomas. In primary melanomas, staining is more variable and generally weaker. However, no correlation was found between the degree of ICAM-1 labelling and the degree of tumour invasion. Furthermore, ICAM-1 expression was not confined to malignant lesions, but was also seen in benign naevi. These data contrast with earlier reports and indicate that ICAM-1 expression is unlikely to be of major prognostic or diagnostic value in melanocytic tumours.
Flow cytometric DNA analysis of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma.
Authors: Ohnishi K , Ishikawa H
Published: July 2023

DNA-ploidy of primary malignant melanoma was retrospectively compared by flow cytometry with sections of paraffin-embedded blocks, among tumours at different histopathological stages (levels) and among tumours and their peripheral lesion. In none of 10 melanomas at levels I-II or 10 melanocytic nevi was an aberrant DNA pattern found. In contrast, 8 of 18 melanomas at levels III-V including 6 of 9 melanomas at level V, showed a non-diploid (aneuploid) DNA pattern. However, even in these non-diploid melanomas the peripheral area showed a diploid pattern where tumour cell invasion was slight, similar to the level I-II melanomas. These results indicate that DNA-aneuploidy in melanoma is closely associated with the lesional advancement, and reflect a poor prognosis for patients with melanoma at level III or higher.
Multiple bullae and paresis after drug-induced coma.
Authors: Taniguchi Y , Wada Y , Takahashi M , Harada M , Shimizu M
Published: July 2023

Two cases of bullous skin lesions and paresis following coma due to the ingestion of many antipsychotic drugs were reported. Histological examination showed an intra-epidermal blister in case 1 and degeneration of sweat glands in both cases. An immunofluorescence study showed massive deposits of IgM and C3 in the dermal vessels. As similar deposits of immunoglobulin and complement were not observed in patients with ordinary lesions such as decubitus, a different mechanism in the formation of the bullous skin lesion other than pressure is suggested.
Factor XIII-deficiency in the blood of venous leg ulcer patients.
Authors: Vanscheidt W , Hasler K , Wokalek H , Niedner R , Schöpf E
Published: July 2023

Pericapillary fibrin cuffs are probably involved in the pathogenesis of venous leg ulcers. Factor XIII (Fibrin stabilizing factor) is of importance in wound healing. Its activity, which may affect ulceration, was found to be significantly reduced in the blood of venous leg ulcer patients and in post-phlebitic patients, compared with healthy controls.
A case of prurigo pigmentosa considered to be contact allergy to chromium in an acupuncture needle.
Authors: Tanii T , Kono T , Katoh J , Mizuno N , Fukuda M , Hamada T
Published: July 2023

A 53-year-old male developed prurigo pigmentosa on his back, after undergoing acupuncture for 3 years. The eruptions were ceased on discontinuing the therapy but recurred with its resumption. The acupuncture needle contained 18.12% chromium. Erythema was induced by patch testing with potassium dichromate, and a flare-up was observed in the area of the patch test on resumption of acupuncture. We consider that the eruptions were induced by contact allergy to the chromium component of the acupuncture needles.
Inflammatory reactions from organic pigments in red tattoos.
Authors: Bendsoe N , Hansson C , Sterner O
Published: July 2023

Two different red pigments used for tattooing were found to give rise to inflammatory reactions in the skin. No inorganic component was found in the pigments. NMR and MS analyses elucidated the molecular structures of two different organic compounds. A bright red pigment was found to be an aromatic azo-derivative, and a red-violet pigment was found to be linear quinacridone. A strong exposure to UV-light was reported in most cases prior to the onset of the inflammation.
Lysozyme and IgA concentrations in serum and saliva from psoriatic patients.
Authors: Gasior-Chrzan B , Falk E S
Published: July 2023

Significantly lower lysozyme concentrations were found in saliva of 15 psoriatic patients compared with controls, whereas in serum, lysozyme activity, was significantly higher than in controls. The concentrations of IgA in serum of psoriatic patients were significantly higher than in controls, whereas in patients' saliva IgA concentrations were not significantly different from the controls. The findings indicate that lysozyme and IgA may be of significance in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.
A double-blind comparison of acitretin and etretinate in the treatment of Darier's disease.
Authors: Christophersen J , Geiger J M , Danneskiold-Samsoe P , Kragballe K , Larsen F G , Laurberg G , Serup J , Thomsen K
Published: July 2023

The objective of this double-blind study was to compare the therapeutic effects of acitretin with those of etretinate in patients with Darier's disease. Twenty-six patients (10 males and 16 females) were included in the study. Patients were treated with 30 mg daily for the first 4 weeks and with an individually adjusted dose (10-50 mg/day) for the subsequent 12 weeks. Remission or marked improvement was obtained in 10 of the 13 acitretin-treated patients and in 8 of the 11 etretinate-treated patients who completed the 16-week treatment. The usual mucocutaneous adverse reactions of retinoids were observed in all but one patient. There were no significant differences between treatment groups with regard to the incidence of these reactions.
A study of bone formation in osteoma cutis employing biochemical, histochemical and in situ hybridization techniques.
Authors: Oikarinen A , Tuomi M L , Kallionen M , Sandberg M , Väänänen K
Published: July 2023

A female presenting multiple osteoma cutis lesions without underlying endocrinological disturbance was studied. Histologically, lesions revealed true bone formation with multiple osteoblastic cells. This was confirmed by demonstrating high alkaline phosphatase activity and osteonectin expression in osteoma cutis lesions. Interestingly, tenascin and type III procollagen were in close association to bony lesions, indicating that these matrix proteins may be somehow involved in bone formation. In situ hybridization revealed fibroblastic cells around bony lesions, which actively deposited type I collagen and osteonectin. One of the activators of bone formation, TGF beta, was also present in some osteoblastic cells. The results thus indicate that in osteoma cutis, fibroblasts have the ability to differentiate into osteoblastic cells, which have some properties of osteoblasts, such as high alkaline phosphatase activity and a high expression of osteonectin.
The skin as the possible reservoir for Candida albicans in the oculocutaneous candidiasis of heroin addicts.
Authors: Elbaze P , Lacour J P , Cottalorda J , Le Fichoux Y , Ortonne J P
Published: July 2023

We describe 2 patients who injected themselves with the same brown heroin a few days before hospitalization. The first patient presented with characteristic oculo-cutaneous candidiasis. Blood samples remained sterile during the so-called 'septicemic syndrome' which represents the first phase of this syndrome and were positive for Candida albicans only when cutaneous nodules developed. The second patient was hospitalized for a stomach perforation and had no cutaneous or ocular candida involvement. Both patients were unusually colonized by C. albicans on their skin (particularly on hairy zones). These observations support the hypothesis that the skin may constitute the reservoir for C. albicans in oculo-cutaneous candidiasis.
Red lunulae in severe alopecia areata.
Authors: Bergner T , Donhauser G , Ruzicka T
Published: July 2023

The development of red nail lunulae has been extremely rarely described in alopecia areata. We observed 2 patients, a 30-year-old woman and a 61-year-old man, both suffering from severe alopecia areata, and having red lunulae. The colour changes, which developed a few weeks after the acute onset of hair loss, disappeared slowly, leaving horizontal fissures (Beau's lines).
Serum levels of vitamin D metabolites in isotretinoin-treated acne patients.
Authors: Rødland O , Aksnes L , Nilsen A , Morken T
Published: July 2023

Serum levels of vitamin D metabolites were determined in 11 patients treated for cystic acne with a four-month course of isotretinoin (Roaccutane). The levels were measured before treatment and after two months of medication. We found a significant fall in the level of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (p less than 0.01) and a significant increase in the molar ratio of 24, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (p less than 0.05). No significant changes were found for the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D, for serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase or parathyroid hormone. Our data indicate early changes in the metabolism of vitamin D in patients on retinoid treatment.
Effect of psoriasis heliotherapy on epidermal urocanic acid isomer concentrations.
Authors: Snellman E , Koulu L , Pasanen P , Lammintausta K , Neuvonen K , Ayräs P , Jansén C T
Published: July 2023

A noninvasive Finn Chamber sampling method and HPLC analysis were used to determine epidermal urocanic acid (UCA) concentrations of psoriasis patients during 4 weeks of heliotherapy on the Spanish Canary Islands and a follow-up period of 8 weeks. During heliotherapy the epidermal cis-UCA concentration increased from a mean initial value of 0.2 nmol/cm2 to a mean final value of 2.9 nmol/cm2. The total UCA concentration decreased during the first week of heliotherapy from an initial value of 5.5 nmol/cm2 to a nadir of 2.0 nmol/cm2. Thereafter, a steady increase was recorded in the total UCA level, with a maximum of 10.2 nmol/cm2 in week 2 of the post-treatment follow-up period. Suberythemal sun exposures caused near-maximal UCA isomerization, and during heliotherapy the cis isomer constituted 63.7-74.3% of the total UCA concentration. Clinical response of psoriasis to heliotherapy, however, seemed to be independent of UCA isomer levels.
Abnormalities of lymphocyte function and phenotypic pattern in a case of toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Authors: Hagdrup H , Tønnesen E , Clemmensen O , Andersen K E
Published: July 2023

We examined the blood lymphocyte function and phenotypic pattern in a patient with toxic epidermal necrolysis after taking salazopyrin. We studied cell surface markers, natural killer cell activity and mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation. Our results point to temporary immunosuppression as evidenced by lymphopenia with a large "null cell" population, reduced natural killer cell activity, and impaired lymphocyte response to mitogens.
Escherichia coli cellulitis: two cases.
Authors: Castanet J , Lacour J P , Perrin C , Bodokh I , Dor J F , Ortonne J P
Published: July 2023

We report two cases of cellulitis of the legs occurring in adults where Escherichia coli (E. coli) was, or probably was, the causative bacterial agent. E. coli and other gram-negative bacilli cellulitis are rarely reported. However, in cellulitis, the causative microorganism is rarely identified, and some cases of E. coli cellulitis could be unrecognized. Furthermore, classical risk factors for gram-negative sepsis are characterized by a state of leucocyte dysfunction which could explain the possibility of a severe, even lethal, course of gram-negative cellulitis. Therefore, the occurrence of cellulitis in patients with risk factors should prompt attempts at isolating the pathogenic microorganism, and a broad spectrum of antibiotic therapy should be initiated.
The in vivo effect of UVB radiation on skin bacteria in patients with atopic dermatitis.
Authors: Jekler J , Bergbrant I M , Faergemann J , Larkö O
Published: July 2023

Fourteen patients suffering from atopic dermatitis under treatment with UVB radiation were subjected to aerobic bacterial cultures in order to investigate whether this ultraviolet waveband has any in vivo germicidal effects, and, if so, whether there is a correlation with clinical improvement. Treatments were given 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Bacterial samples were collected before, midway and after the termination of therapy. On the latter two occasions, cultures were performed 30 min and 24 h post-UVB irradiation. The main bacteria found were Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus. S. aureus carriage was found in 12 patients in lesional, dermatitic skin, and in 11 patients in clinically non-lesional skin. UVB radiation was found to have an antimicrobial effect primarily concerning S. aureus. Bacterial counts of this organism in lesional skin were decreased from a mean of 1.3 x 10(3) to 1.2 x 10(1) bacteria per cm2 skin at the 8-week 30-min count (p less than 0.01) and 7.5 x 10(1) at the 8-week 24-h count (p less than 0.05). The treatment yielded a statistically significant clinical improvement.
Comparison of muscle-derived serum carbonic anhydrase III and myoglobin in dermatological patients: effects of isotretinoin treatment.
Authors: Vuori J , Autio P , Annala A P , Palatsi R , Kiistala U , Väänänen K
Published: July 2023

The serum levels of muscle-specific serum carbonic anhydrase III (S-CAIII) and myoglobin (S-Myo) were analyzed in various male dermatological patients of the same age. The mean levels of S-CAIII and S-Myo were essentially similar in patients with acne, psoriasis vulgaris, atopic eczema and tinea, suggesting that common dermatological diseases do not affect the serum levels of the muscle markers. Increased levels of S-CAIII, which is specific for skeletal muscle cells, were found in the acne patients who had been treated with isotretinoin. However, when S-CAIII and S-Myo were studied in 24 patients (16 males, 8 females) before and during isotretinoin treatment, no constant increases in these markers could be observed. When individual patients were followed for several months, transient increases or decreases could be observed. The changes in S-CAIII, or S-Myo, did not correlate with the dose of isotretinoin, nor with the duration of the treatment. The results suggest that systemic isotretinoin does not specifically affect skeletal or myocardial muscles. The increases in these markers observed in the course of dermatological diseases and isotretinoin treatment are obviously due to other factors, such as exercise.
Lichenoid eruption induced by low dose captopril.
Authors: Wong S S , Long C C , Holt P J
Published: July 2023

A patient with congestive cardiac failure developed a rash following captopril treatment. The clinical and histological features were consistent with a lichenoid eruption. The rash spontaneously resolved without any treatment three months after captopril was discontinued.
The genetic risk for alopecia areata in first degree relatives of severely affected patients. An estimate.
Authors: Van der Steen P , Traupe H , Happle R , Boezeman J , Sträter R , Hamm H
Published: July 2023

Substantial evidence indicates that genetic factors may have a role in the etiology of alopecia areata (AA). Most studies, however, provide only general information on the familial incidence but fail to specify family relationships. We therefore obtained information on the incidence of AA in first degree relatives of 348 severely affected patients. In 7% one of the parents was affected. Among the siblings of the patients 3% had developed AA, while AA was present in 2% of the children. Taking into account the age of the children, their lifetime risk was calculated to approach 6%. However, a severe type of AA is to be expected only in about 2% of the children. The degree of involvement observed in the patients did not influence the frequency and type of AA present in their first degree relatives.
The route of rapid access of drugs to the distal nail plate.
Authors: Munro C S , Shuster S
Published: July 2023

It has recently been shown that antimycotic drugs have unexpectedly rapid access to distal nail, which we have suggested occurs through the site of continuous ventral nail formation along the nail bed. To exclude the alternative possibility of diffusion through the nail plate, we have measured the effect of topical terbinafine cream in onychomycosis. Sustained outward movement of the fungally affected distal segment was seen in only 2 of 10 measured nails, and there was no change in the mean severity of clinical involvement in 53 nails under study. This excludes significant diffusion of drugs through the nail plate, and we conclude that the route of rapid access is indeed through the nail bed.
Lifetime topical application of tretinoin to hairless mice.
Authors: Kligman L H , Mezick J A , Capetola R J , Thorne E G
Published: July 2023

The discovery that topical tretinoin can reverse some of the effects of photodamage may lead to its chronic application. Examination of long-term effects was of interest. Three groups of hairless mice (age 6-8 weeks) were treated dorsally with 1) tretinoin (0.025%), 2) cream vehicle, 3) sham treatment. Applications were 3 times weekly and continued for up to 2 years until all mice were sacrificed or had died. Biweekly examinations showed no sign of retinoid toxicity, with growth and longevity similar in all groups. Tretinoin-treated skin was smooth and pink, resembling that of younger mice. Controls had yellowed, irregularly thickened skin. Histologically, tretinoin-treated skin had a hyperplastic epidermis consisting of plump, cytologically normal cells. Control skin had 3-4 compressed cell layers. Foci of new normally staining collagen were present in the subepidermal dermis of tretinoin-treated skin fibroblasts were large and abundant in these areas. These foci were absent in controls. Mice treated with tretinoin also appeared to have increased amounts of elastic fibers and glycosaminoglycans.
Topical retinoic acid treatment of photoaged skin: its effects on hyaluronan distribution in epidermis and on hyaluronan and retinoic acid in suction blister fluid.
Authors: Lundin A , Berne B , Michaëlsson G
Published: July 2023

Topical treatment with retinoic acid (tretinoin, vitamin A acid) has been reported to partly reverse signs of photodamage. To determine whether the histochemical distribution of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, HYA) in the epidermis and dermis and the amounts of HYA and retinoic acid in suction blister fluid were influenced by such topical treatment, 14 subjects healthy apart from moderate photodamage were instructed to treat the lateral forearm with 0.01-0.05% retinoic acid cream for 6 months. In a study of the short-term effects, another six subjects applied 0.05% retinoic acid cream for 2 weeks. After 6 months the thickness of the vital epidermis had increased by 23%. The HYA staining was based on a specific immunohistochemical method in which hyaluronan-binding protein is used. Before treatment HYA was seen as a meshwork around the cells in the upper half of the stratum spinosum. After 6 months of treatment this meshwork had increased in thickness by 31% compared with pretreatment specimens. The HYA staining was already intense in the papillary dermis before treatment and no difference was observed after 6 months' treatment. The mean concentration of HYA in blister fluid had increased significantly (43%) after 2 weeks of treatment whereas after 6 months there was no significant difference in this respect between the treated and untreated arm. The increase in the thickness of the epidermal HYA meshwork after 6 months and the blister fluid HYA after 2 weeks may indicate that HYA is involved in the epidermal change induced by topical retinoic acid therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Elemental changes in guinea pig epidermis at repeated exposure to sodium lauryl sulfate.
Authors: Lindberg M , Forslind B , Sagström S , Roomans G M
Published: July 2023

Epidermal hyperplasia is the response of the epidermis to external harmful stimuli. The control and regulation of this hyperplasia is not completely understood. It has been proposed that changes in the cellular sodium/potassium ratio are of importance in the regulation of cell proliferation. To evaluate if such a change in the elemental content of epidermal cells can be one factor to consider at irritant contact dermatitis, we performed a quantitative assessment of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-induced contact reactions in the guinea pig. SLS was applied 1, 2 or 3 times and biopsies were obtained at 24 and 84 h after the last application. It was found that repeated exposures to SLS induced a hyperplasia of epidermis at 24 h persisting at 84 h. At 24 h there were significant changes in the sodium and potassium content of the keratinocytes. At 84 h there was still an increased potassium level in the cells and the sodium/potassium ratio was significantly decreased in epidermis exposed three times to SLS. This implies that changes in cellular sodium/potassium ratios occur in epidermal hyperplasia following irritant stimuli.
Allergic contact sensitization in an unselected Danish population. The Glostrup Allergy Study, Denmark.
Authors: Nielsen N H , Menné T
Published: July 2023

The distribution of allergic contact sensitization was assessed in an unselected population, living in western Copenhagen, Denmark. Ready-to-apply patch tests comprising 23 haptens and mixtures of haptens were mailed to 793 adults, and 567 (71.5%) participated. The tests were read 2 days after application. A total of 111 positive reactions were found among 86 (15.2%) subjects. Sensitization was less frequent in men than in women (11.5% versus 18.8%). Twenty out of the 23 chemicals in the test elicited positive reactions. Positive reactions to nickel and thiomersal were found most frequently (6.7% and 3.4%, respectively). Concerning the other chemicals the frequencies were 1.1% or less. Nickel sensitivity was less frequent in men than in women (2.2% versus 11.1%). The frequencies of sensitization probably represent minimum figures. Regulation of exposure needs to be considered in order to prevent primary sensitization and disease recurrences in those already sensitized.
Successful treatment of chronic skin diseases with clobetasol propionate and a hydrocolloid occlusive dressing.
Authors: Volden G
Published: July 2023

The lesions of 141 patients with chronic skin diseases unresponsive to therapy were treated once a week with clobetasol propionate lotion left under the completely occlusive patch Duoderm. In 131 patients the lesions resolved completely, while partial remission was observed in the remaining 10. The mean interval to complete remission was: for chronic plaque psoriasis, 12 days psoriasis on palms and soles, 2.5 weeks palmoplantar pustulosis, 2.2 weeks skin lesions of Reiter's syndrome, 3 weeks chronic lichenified eczema, 2.0 weeks neurodermatitis, 3.1 weeks breast eczema, 9 days discoid lupus erythematosus, 3.7 weeks lichen planus, 2.8 weeks sarcoidosis, 4 weeks and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, 2 weeks. Other conditions benefitting from the treatment were pompholyx, necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare and pretibial myxedema. The amount of topical corticosteroids needed was reduced to at most 1/20 and to as little as 1/100, compared with common topical steroid preparations.