bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability Control Program Untuk Pemeliharaan Sistem Senjata Pesawat Militer
Authors: Erna Shevilia Agustian
Published: November 2021

Dalam pengoperasianya, Alat Utama Sistem Persenjataan (Alutsista) harus mengutamakan keselamatan (safety), maka diperlukan pemeliharaan yang ekstra untuk menjaga keandalan (Reliability) dan ketersediaaan (availability) dari komponen atau sistem yang menunjang kinerja Alutsista secara keseluruhan. Secara khusus, karya tulis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Reliability Control Program yang dapat diterapkan dalam pemeliharaan Sistem Senjata Pesawat Militer. Hal ini erat kaitannya dengan data-data kerusakan apa saja yang sering terjadi selama beroperasi, mengetahui tingkat keandalan dan mengetahui laju kegagalan, sehingga dapat direncanakan pula kegiatan pemeliharaan yang tepat untuk mengurangi permasalahan teknis pada sistem senjata pesawat militer. Karya tulis ini dilakukan berdasarkan studi literature, baik dari penelitian terdahulu berupa Jurnal, serta buku-buku referensi terkait lainnya. Di dalam karya tulis ini akan disampaikam pula mengenai program yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengontrol kehandalan (Reliability Control Program) Sistem Senjata Pesawat Militer.

 

Kata Kunci: Alutsista, Pemeliharaan, Reliability.
Memikirkan Kembali Pertahanan Pesisir Indonesia
Authors: Alban Sciascia  , Muhammad Fauzan Malufti
Published: November 2021

Sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia Indonesia harus mampu mengamankan dan mempertahankan seluruh wilayah maritimnya. Guna mencapai hal tersebut, saat ini Indonesia sedang menjalankan program Minimum Essential Force (MEF) guna memodernisasi Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI). Program MEF ini sendiri menghadapi berbagai tantangan salah satunya dalam aspek anggaran dan besarnya wilayah maritim yang harus dijaga. Oleh sebab itu, salah satu solusi yang dapat dijalankan oleh Indonesia adalah dengan mengembangkan suatu konsep pertahanan pesisir sesuai dengan karakter geografis Indonesia yang kemudian diikuti dengan memprioritaskan pembelian dan pengoperasian aset-aset pertahanan yang sesuai dengan konsep tersebut dan menempatkannya di wilayah strategis utama yaitu wilayah titik/selat sempit atau dikenal juga dengan istilah chokepoints.

Kata Kunci: Wilayah Maritim, Pertahanan Pesisir, Chokepoints.
Network Centric Warfare sebagai Upaya Transformasi Perang TNI
Authors: Thomas Andrew
Published: November 2021

Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang sangat pesat mempengaruhi cara kerja masyarakat. Dunia militer tidak luput dari pengaruh ini. Dengan memanfaatkan sistem komputer, militer dapat mendapatkan keuntungan yang besar di medan tempur dari data yang cepat dan akurat, serta unit militer yang tersebar secara geografis, namun saling terhubung dengan sistem komunikasi yang saling terhubung. Ancaman-ancaman baru, baik dari jenis ancaman maupun frekuensinya, mendorong berbagai militer di dunia mengadopsi Network Centric Warfare (NCW). Beberapa tahun terakhir, Indonesia sedang memulai berbagai persiapan untuk mengadopsi NCW. Dalam proses transformasi ini, muncul berbagai tantangan yang dihadapi Indonesia, di antaranya kemampuan sumber daya manusia terhadap teknologi, infrastruktur yang harus disiapkan, dan kerentanan terhadap sistem. Berbagai upaya dilakukan oleh Indonesia untuk mengadopsi NCW, seperti perancangan sistem, mempersiapkan sumber daya manusia, alih teknologi produksi komunikasi dengan negara lain, dengan melibatkan berbagai pihak, seperti TNI, Kementrian Pertahanan, industri pertahanan, dan tenaga ahli. Tujuan dari jurnal ini adalah untuk mengetahui upaya-upaya Indonesia dalam mempersiapkan penggunaan NCW.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan data yang diambil dari berbagai sumber. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Indonesia telah melakukan berbagai upaya untuk mengimplementasikan NCW. TNI telah melakukan beberapa simulasi yang berbasiskan pada operasi gabungan tiga matra. TNI juga telah membuat kesatuan baru, Komando Gabungan Wilayah. Sumber daya manusia juga tengah dilatih agar mampu mengoperasikan sistem-sistem pendukung. Industri pertahanan, seperti PT LEN, telah bekerja sama dengan Rohde & Schwarz untuk membuat sistem komunikasi.  Perjalanan untuk mengadopsi NCW masih panjang. Diharapkan upaya-upaya adopsi NCW akan terus berjalan secara konsisten sehingga TNI dapat mentransformasi secara menyeluruh dan menjawab tantangan di masa mendatang.

Kata Kunci: Network Centric Warfare, Transformasi, TNI
Manajemen Penanganan Kriminalitas di Industri Financial Technology
Authors: Herlina JR Saragih  , Muhammad Haikal Kautsar
Published: November 2021

Perkembangan industri Financial Technology (Fintech) di Indonesia berjalan dengan sangat cepat. Fenomena ini disertai juga dengan meningkatnya kejahatan di Industri Financial Technology. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kriminalitas yang terjadi di Industri financial technology dan upaya manajemen penanganannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan riset kualitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur dan waancara dengan pakar dan regulator. Data dianalisis dengan cara coding-nodes-mapping. Hasil penelitian ini memetakan terdapat empat ancaman kriminalitas yang hadir di industri Financial Technology yaitu pencurian data, penipuan, pencucian uang, dan pendanaan terorisme. Pendekatan manajemen dalam penanganan kriminalitas ini adalah dengan memproyeksikan potensi ancaman, mempersiapkan instrumen hukum dan pembagian tugas antar lembaga, pelaksanaan rencana, dan evaluasi berkala.

Kata Kunci: Financial Technology, Crime, Management, Qualitative Research
Relasi Pertahanan Indonesia-India Era Jokowi dan Hedging Indonesia Dalam Menghadapi Tiongkok
Authors: Alfin Febrian Basundoro
Published: November 2021

Kawasan Laut Tiongkok Selatan memanas dalam lima tahun belakangan, menyeret berbagai negara di Asia-Pasifik dalam konflik kekuatan secara geopolitik. Salah satunya, adalah tindakan provokatif Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT) berupa klaim kawasan perairan Natuna Utara. Praktis, dalam menghadapi tindakan demikian, Indonesia di bawah pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo (Jokowi) perlu bersikap strategis, termasuk dalam rangka meningkatkan ketahanan nasionalnya, terutama ketahanan maritim. Tidak hanya secara domestik dengan peningkatan peran dan efektivitas TNI, kerja sama dengan pihak eksternal juga menjadi pilihan. Peningkatan relasi pertahanan-keamanan dengan India menjadi salah satu opsi tindakan yang dilaksanakan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia. Peningkatan relasi pertahanan-keamanan RI-India tersebut merupakan bentuk implementasi konsep hedging, di mana Indonesia berupaya untuk mengambil keuntungan dari konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan sekaligus menghindari konflik bersenjata yang lebih besar seiring dengan adanya relasi dengan kekuatan regional yang antagonis terhadap RRT. Dalam menganalisis peningkatan relasi tersebut, pendekatan kesetimbangan keamanan (balance of threat) karya Stephen Walt (1988) akan menjadi landasan teoritis dalam artikel ini. Kesimpulannya, bahwa upaya hedging Indonesia di Laut Tiongkok Selatan dengan meningkatkan relasi pertahanan-keamanan dengan India dilakukan dalam berbagai bentuk, di antaranya penandatanganan kesepakatan dan latihan bersama.

 

Kata Kunci: Indonesia, India, Pertahanan, Hedging, Joko Widodo
Rekonstruksi Penguatan Bakamla Dalam Pembangunan Keamanan Laut Nasional
Authors: Achmad Abdul Lathif  , Suhirwan
Published: November 2021

Indonesia merupakan Negara kepulauan yang memiliki luas wilayah laut seluas ± 5,9 juta km², yang mencakup Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia (ZEEI) seluas ± 2,7 juta km² dan Laut Wilayah, Perairan Kepulauan serta Perairan Pedalaman seluas ± 3,2 juta km². Dengan kasus yang demikian, munculnya Bakamla sebagai coast guard memiliki peran yang penting dalam menjaga keamanan laut nasional. Walaupun demikian, kondisi saat ini Bakamla dapat dikatakan masih belum maksimal untuk menjalankan tugas tersebut dikarenakan beberapa faktor yang perlu diperhatikan pemerintah. Dengan kuatnya Bakamla diharapkan dapat menjadikan laut nasional menjadi aman sehingga berbagai aktivitas di kawasan laut dapat maksimal. Artikel ini akan menjawab persoalan tersebut dengan menggunakan metodologi kualitatif yang data primernya diperoleh dari salah satu unit Bakamla dan data-data terkait yang dapat dijumpai peneliti. Temuan dalam riset ini adalah kondisi saat ini Bakamla khususnya zona maritim barat, membutuhkan tiga aspek yang perlu dipenuhi agar menjadi kuat atau maksimal. Dengan memaksimalkan hal tersebut, akan memberikan implikasi langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap proses pengamanan wilayah laut sehingga berbagai kegiatan di wilayah laut dapat maksimal, baik dari bidang ekonomi, sosial maupun politik.

 

Kata Kunci: Bakamla, Penguatan, Pengamanan Wilayah, Perairan Indonesia
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 14, No. 12
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: November 2021

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 14, No. 12, 2021.
Customs and traditions of the Sultanate of Oman and their reflection in Jokha Alharthi's “Celestial Bodies”
Authors: Vlasova Yuliya
Published: November 2021

The subject of this research is the rituals and customs of the Omani people and their reflection in the novel “Celestial Bodies” by Jokha Alharthi. The author traces the changes that took place in the Sultanate of Oman. Life of the Omani people is depicted on the example of several generations of the large family of Abdallah ibn Sulayman of the Hilal. Comparison is conducted on the living conditions of provincial population, namely the village of al-Awafi and the capital Muscat. The problem is raised about people’s happiness in the technological era, and the topic of loneliness of our contemporary. The methods of historical and systemic analysis prove that the traditional structure of Omani society remains in rural areas. It represents a fusion of Islamic and African customs, Muslim and pagan beliefs. The description of engagement, wedding, childbirth, and funeral ceremonies creates a holistic picture of the life cycle of the Omani people. However, urbanization and technological development force people to move from the rural areas to cities and change their mentality. The protagonist Abdallah falls out of touch with his native land, changes his living condition, and reaches an impasse. Nourishing the memories of the pleasant past, they do not experience joy from the present. The novelty consists in the fact that the ethnographic research is conducted by the Professor of Sultan Qaboos University – Jokha Alharthi in form of a literary work. The scholar comes to the conclusion that due to shift of life paradigms, the senior generation of Omani people is experiencing a fateful moment. The way out of the crisis should be sought in the educated Omani youth, who does not want to blindly follow the customs of their ancestors and shelter themselves behind the adults. Youth of the XXI century does not fear difficulties and willing to make own decisions. Thanks to support of the family, London – the daughter of Abdalla – became a medical doctor. The audience is fascinated with discovering the culture of the Land of Frankincense through the prism of Jokha Alharthi.
Bærekraft i profesjonsutdanninger
Authors: Berg Arild , Carello Alfredo , Lysebo Marius , Nielsen Liv Merete
Published: November 2021

Utdanning er en nøkkel til varige endringer i samfunnet. I denne studien bruker vi teori fra bærekraft og didaktikk for å sette søkelys på utdanning av produktdesignere, lærere og ingeniører ved Fakultet for Teknologi, kunst og design (TKD) i lys av OsloMets overordnede strategi om velferd og bærekraft. Empirien bygger på læringsutbyttebeskrivelser fra programplanene for 2019 og 2020 for disse profe­sjons­utdanningene og er analysert med utgangspunkt i Goodlad og STAUNCH-kategoriene. Alle de analyserte profesjonsutdanningene har integrert bærekraft i sine programplaner. Bærekraft er tydeligst artikulert i programplanen for Produktdesign. Det betyr imidlertid ikke at bærekraft er uartikulert for lærer- og ingeniørutdanningene. Disse utdanningene er styrt av nasjonale rammeplaner der bærekraft inngår på en overordnet og forpliktende måte. Miljøperspektivet er imidlertid tydeligere artikulert i planene enn det økonomiske- og det sosiale perspektivet på bærekraft.
Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Concrete with Enhanced Anticorrosive, Freeze Thaw, and Deicing Resistance
Authors: Kravanja Gregor , Godec Regina Fuchs , Rozman Martin , Rudolf Rebeka , Ivanič Andrej
Published: November 2021

A green superhydrophobic hybridization concept that incorporates biomimetics (lotus effect), chemistry (siloxane and silane admixtures), and nanotechnology (hydrophobic coating with SiO2 nanoparticles) is used to produce superhydrophobic concrete. The fabricated samples exhibit superior hydrophobicity, contact angles (CA) up to 157.6° ± 3.1°, and roll‐off angles (RO) of 6.5° ± 1.5°, even under high surface mechanical abrasion. The superhydrophobic samples can decrease freeze‐thaw damage and maintain high freeze‐thaw resistance effectively. The modified surfaces exhibit 6 times lower deicing strength compared with the reference surfaces. Furthermore, the high water repellency helps to prevent corrosive liquids from encountering the concrete reinforcement samples and helps to improve the corrosion resistance of steel bars. These unique key properties and self‐cleaning capability make superhydrophobic concrete relevant for a wide range of commercial and practical engineering applications in construction, bridges, and transportation.
Flash Synthesis of DNA Hydrogel via Supramacromolecular Assembly of DNA Chains and Upconversion Nanoparticles for Cell Engineering
Authors: Tang Jianpu , Ou Junhan , Zhu Chenxu , Yao Chi , Yang Dayong
Published: November 2021

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hydrogel has been synthesized generally via the molecular interaction of either DNA base‐pairing, covalent bonding, or physical entanglement. To surmount the limitations of DNA as the sole module in materials, new assembly modes are desired to incorporate to expand the functionalities of DNA hydrogel. Herein, a supramacromolecular assembly‐based strategy is reported to prepare a hybrid DNA hydrogel via interfacial assembly of DNA chains and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), remarkably of which the synthesis process finished within one second, termed as flash synthesis. The flash synthesis is accomplished through the electrostatic attraction, interfacial assembly, and cross‐linking of DNA chains on the surface of UCNPs. The length of DNA and the crystalline form of UCNPs are proven to be essential factors in the construction of a hydrogel network. The rationally designed DNA endowed hydrogel with functions to precisely recognize and isolate specific cells, and lanthanide ions‐doped UCNPs protected cells from the damage of near‐infrared irradiation through the upconversion effect. It is envisioned that the flash synthesis provides a new mode to prepare the DNA hydrogel and expands the functionalities to realize more real‐world applications.
3D Printing of Transparent Silicone Elastomers
Authors: Ford Michael J. , Loeb Colin K. , Pérez Lemuel X. Pérez , Gammon Stuart , Guzorek Steven , Gemeda Hawi B. , Golobic Alexandra M. , Honnell August , Erspamer Justin , Duoss Eric B. , Wilson Thomas S. , Lenhardt Jeremy M.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, inks for transparent elastomers that are formulated by matching the refractive index of silica and polysiloxanes are described. The transparent inks transmit up to ≈90% of 700 nm light through 1 cm and remain transparent when solidified. The inks and solidified materials exhibit a thermochromic effect. This thermochromic effect can be controlled by the refractive index mismatch. Transparency may increase or decrease as temperature increases, depending on the refractive index mismatch of the base polysiloxane and silica. It is found that the rheological properties of the ink depend on the distribution of silica particles, which is dictated by silica functionality, weight content, and processing. Siloxane precursors that vary in chemical functionality are introduced to tailor the mechanical properties of the printed elastomers, which obtain stretchability >65% along with a tensile modulus of 1.9 MPa. After optimizing siloxane chemistry and ink processing, the authors are able to print transparent elastomers. Potential applications are demonstrated for printed structures by printing encapsulation structures for light‐emitting diodes, semitransparent dye‐filled structures, a microfluidic mixing device, and a multimaterial structure that exhibits temperature‐dependent camouflage.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Selective Cyclization and 1,2‐Shift to Prepare Pseudorutaecarpine Derivatives
Authors: Wang Wang , Chen Nan‐Ying , Zou Pei‐Sen , Pang Li , Mo Dong‐Liang , Pan Cheng‐Xue , Su Gui‐Fa
Published: November 2021

A variety of pseudorutaecarpine derivatives were prepared in good to excellent yields through a gold(I)‐catalyzed selective cyclization and 1,2‐shift of N‐alkynyl quinazolinone‐tethered indoles. Mechanistic study revealed that spiroindolenines generated in situ by cyclization at the the indole C3 position underwent an alkenyl 1,2‐shift to generate pseudorutaecarpine. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions, has a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and gram‐scalable application. Furthermore, biological evaluation showed that most of the pseudorutaecarpine scaffolds prepared exhibit anti‐inflammatory activity.

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Quantum Dot Passivation of Halide Perovskite Films with Reduced Defects, Suppressed Phase Segregation, and Enhanced Stability
Authors: Hu Long , Duan Leiping , Yao Yuchen , Chen Weijian , Zhou Zizhen , Cazorla Claudio , Lin Chun‐Ho , Guan Xinwei , Geng Xun , Wang Fei , Wan Tao , Wu Shuying , Cheong Soshan , Tilley Richard D. , Liu Shanqin , Yuan Jianyu , Chu Dewei , Wu Tom , Huang Shujuan
Published: November 2021

Structural defects are ubiquitous for polycrystalline perovskite films, compromising device performance and stability. Herein, a universal method is developed to overcome this issue by incorporating halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) into perovskite polycrystalline films. CsPbBr3 QDs are deposited on four types of halide perovskite films (CsPbBr3, CsPbIBr2, CsPbBrI2, and MAPbI3) and the interactions are triggered by annealing. The ions in the CsPbBr3 QDs are released into the thin films to passivate defects, and concurrently the hydrophobic ligands of QDs self‐assemble on the film surfaces and grain boundaries to reduce the defect density and enhance the film stability. For all QD‐treated films, PL emission intensity and carrier lifetime are significantly improved, and surface morphology and composition uniformity are also optimized. Furthermore, after the QD treatment, light‐induced phase segregation and degradation in mixed‐halide perovskite films are suppressed, and the efficiency of mixed‐halide CsPbIBr2 solar cells is remarkably improved to over 11% from 8.7%. Overall, this work provides a general approach to achieving high‐quality halide perovskite films with suppressed phase segregation, reduced defects, and enhanced stability for optoelectronic applications.
Washable and Stretchable Zn–MnO2Rechargeable Cell
Authors: Nguyen Tan N. , Iranpour Bahar , Cheng Evan , Madden John D. W.
Published: November 2021

A cell that can operate even when doubled in length, and that withstands washing is demonstrated. The cell employs rechargeable and safe zinc/manganese dioxide chemistry. It incorporates a biocompatible poly(styrene – isobutylene – styrene) (SIBS) polymer as encapsulation, and in all layers. The SIBS‐based separator, made using solvent evaporation‐induced phase separation, has an ionic conductivity of 0.05 S m−1. Electrodes contain carbon black, combined with active particles and SIBS as the binder. Stretchable current collectors are carbon black/carbon nanofiber/SIBS composites and exhibit a sheet resistance of 27 Ω ⬜−1under 100% strain. These components are encapsulated by SIBS membranes into a full cell, thin‐film configuration, creating a single, polymer‐based intrinsically stretchable battery. The resulting cell has a reversible specific capacity of 160 mAh g−1cathode active mass. Capacity retention is 75% following 500 charge and discharge cycles. Owing to the low permeability of SIBS and the excellent adhesion between its layers, the battery has a good shelf‐life (22% mass loss of electrolyte after 523 days) and can withstand 39 washing cycles. The high capacity relative to other stretchable cells, along with the low materials cost, safe chemistry, durability, and washability, make this SIBS cell attractive for wearables and other applications that benefit from stretchability.
Transient Nascent Adhesion at the Initial Stage of Cell Adhesion Visualized on a Plasmonic Metasurface
Authors: Lee Shi Ting , Kuboki Thasaneeya , Kidoaki Satoru , Aida Yukiko , Ryuzaki Sou , Okamoto Koichi , Arima Yusuke , Tamada Kaoru
Published: November 2021

A plasmonic metasurface composed of self‐assembled gold nanoparticles enables high‐speed interfacial imaging with high axial and lateral resolution down to the theoretical limit under a widefield microscope. This high‐spatiotemporal resolution imaging method monitors “early molecular events” in the adhesion of 3T3 fibroblasts expressing Venus‐paxillin and LifeAct‐mScarlet, revealing unique transient cell dynamics. Upon attaching to the SiO2‐coated plasmonic metasurface, cells exhibit fibrous nascent adhesions spreading radially at the periphery, together with actively moving membrane blebs. These fibrous nascent structures exist transiently during passive spreading and disappear upon transition to active spreading with mature focal adhesions (FAs). The structure forms on a poor‐cell‐adhesive SiO2‐coated surface but not on a fibronectin‐preadsorbed cell‐adhesive surface, suggesting that it temporarily anchors cells to the interface but maintains freedom before active cell spreading. These momentary molecular‐level phenomena at the nanointerface are successfully captured by the herein described high‐spatiotemporal resolution live‐cell imaging method using a plasmonic metasurface.
Radioactive Ion Beam Production at the Gamma Factory
Authors: Nichita Dragos , Balabanski Dimiter L. , Constantin Paul , Krasny Mieczyslaw W. , Płaczek Wieslaw
Published: November 2021

A very intense γ beam of the Gamma Factory facility proposed at CERN can be used to generate radioactive ion beams (RIBs) with high production yields and study the structure of exotic neutron‐rich nuclei. The radioactive nuclides are generated via photo‐fission in several actinide targets and thermalized in high‐purity cryogenic helium, filling a gas cell which is enclosing the targets. Electric fields are used to extract heavy ions and form RIBs which can be send to various selection and measurement stations. Estimates for the production and extraction yields of exotic neutron‐rich nuclei with such a setup are provided. A study of the impact of space charge, build‐up inside the gas cell, on the extraction properties is presented and it is demonstrated that the beam needs to be chopped for achieving optimal extraction yields.
Substrate Profiling of Mitochondrial Caseinolytic Protease P via a Site‐Specific Photocrosslinking Approach
Authors: Nguyen Tuan‐Anh , Gronauer Thomas F. , Nast‐Kolb Timon , Sieber Stephan A. , Lang Kathrin
Published: November 2021

Approaches for profiling protease substrates are critical for defining protease functions, but remain challenging tasks. We combine genetic code expansion, photocrosslinking and proteomics to identify substrates of the mitochondrial (mt) human caseinolytic protease P (hClpP). Site‐specific incorporation of the diazirine‐bearing amino acid DiazK into the inner proteolytic chamber of hClpP, followed by UV‐irradiation of cells, allows to covalently trap substrate proteins of hClpP and to substantiate hClpP's major involvement in maintaining overall mt homeostasis. In addition to confirming many of the previously annotated hClpP substrates, our approach adds a diverse set of new proteins to the hClpP interactome. Importantly, our workflow allows identifying substrate dynamics upon application of external cues in an unbiased manner. Identification of unique hClpP‐substrate proteins upon induction of mt oxidative stress, suggests that hClpP counteracts oxidative stress by processing of proteins that are involved in respiratory chain complex synthesis and maturation as well as in catabolic pathways.
Efficient Polyester Hydrogenolytic Deconstruction via Tandem Catalysis
Authors: Kratish Yosi , Marks Tobin J.
Published: November 2021

Using a mechanism‐based solvent‐free tandem catalytic approach, commodity polyester plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) are rapidly and selectively deconstructed by combining the two air‐ and moisture‐stable catalysts, Hf(OTf)4 and Pd/C, under 1 atm H2, affording terephthalic acid (or naphthalene dicarboxylic acid for PEN) and ethane (or butane for PBT) in essentially quantitative yield. This process is effective for both laboratory grade and waste plastics, and comingled polypropylene remains unchanged. Combined experimental and DFT mechanistic analyses indicate that Hf(OTf)4 catalyzes a mildly exergonic retro‐hydroalkoxylation reaction in which an alkoxy C−O bond is first cleaved, yielding a carboxylic acid and alkene, and this process is closely coupled to an exergonic olefin hydrogenation step, driving the overall reaction forward.
Global Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Organic Crystals
Authors: Karothu Durga Prasad , Mahmoud Halabi Jad , Ahmed Ejaz , Ferreira Rodrigo , Spackman Peter R. , Spackman Mark A. , Naumov Panče
Published: November 2021

Organic crystals, although widely studied, have not been considered nascent candidate materials in engineering design. Here we summarize the mechanical properties of organic crystals that have been reported over the past three decades, and we establish a global mechanical property profile that can be used to predict and identify mechanically robust organic crystals. Being composed of light elements, organic crystals populate a narrow region in the mechanical property–density space between soft, disordered organic materials and stiff, ordered materials. Two subsets of extraordinarily stiff and hard organic crystalline materials were identified and rationalized by the normalized number density, strength, and directionality of their intermolecular interactions. We conclude that future lightweight, soft, all‐organic components in devices should capitalize on the greatest asset of organic single crystals—namely, the combination of long‐range structural order and softness.
SnF2‐Catalyzed Formation of Polymerized Dioxolane as Solid Electrolyte and its Thermal Decomposition Behavior
Authors: Li Wei , Gao Jian , Tian Huayang , Li Xiaolei , He Shuang , Li Junpeng , Wang Wenlong , Li Lin , Li Hong , Qiu Jieshan , Zhou Weidong
Published: November 2021

Polymerized‐dioxolane(P‐DOL) is of potential as a solid‐polymer‐electrolyte(SPE) due to its high Li+‐conductivity, good compatibility with Li‐metal and desired preparation method of in situ polymerization in cells. In this study, SnF2 was demonstrated not only to be an efficient catalyst for the polymerization of DOL at room temperature, but also an effective additive for improving interfacial wettability and suppressing dendrite through the reaction with Li‐metal and the formation of LiF/LixSn based composite solid electrolyte interlayer(SEI). Using the SnF2 polymerized P‐DOL containing 1 M LiTFSI as SPE(P‐DOL‐SPE), obviously denser Li‐deposition was obtained, and the all‐solid‐state(ASS) Li/LiFePO4 cell delivered stable cycling over 350 cycles at 45 °C. At the same time, the irreversible decomposition of P‐DOL‐SPE into formaldehyde and small molecule epoxides are observed at 110 °C, which is even initiated at lower temperature of 40 °C under vacuum. This thermal decomposition of P‐DOL‐SPE in pouch cell causes huge volume swell, and therefore putting a strict limitation on the operating temperature window for the P‐DOL based electrolytes.
Orienting an Organic Semiconductor into DNA 3D Arrays by Covalent Bonds
Authors: Wang Xiao , Deshmukh Rahul , Sha Ruojie , Birktoft Jens J. , Menon Vinod , Seeman Nadrian C. , Canary James W.
Published: November 2021

A quasi‐one‐dimensional organic semiconductor, hepta(p‐phenylene vinylene) (HPV), was incorporated into a DNA tensegrity triangle motif using a covalent strategy. 3D arrays were self‐assembled from an HPV‐DNA pseudo‐rhombohedron edge by rational design and characterized by X‐ray diffraction. Templated by the DNA motif, HPV molecules exist as single‐molecule fluorescence emitters at the concentration of 8 mM within the crystal lattice. The anisotropic fluorescence emission from HPV‐DNA crystals indicates HPV molecules are well aligned in the macroscopic 3D DNA lattices. Sophisticated nanodevices and functional materials constructed from DNA can be developed from this strategy by addressing functional components with molecular accuracy.
Site‐Selective Itaconation of Complex Peptides by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Wang Siyao , Zhou QingQing , Zhang Xiaheng , Wang Ping
Published: November 2021

Site‐selective peptide functionalization provides a straightforward and cost‐effective access to diversify peptides for biological studies. Among many existing non‐invasive peptide conjugations methodologies, photoredox catalysis has emerged as one of the powerful approaches for site‐specific manipulation on native peptides. Herein, we report a highly N‐termini‐specific method to rapidly access itaconated peptides and their derivatives through a combination of transamination and photoredox conditions. This strategy exploits the facile reactivity of peptidyl‐dihydropyridine in the complex peptide settings, complementing existing approaches for bioconjugations with excellent selectivity under mild conditions. Distinct from conventional methods, this method utilizes the highly reactive carbamoyl radical derived from a peptidyl‐dihydropyridine. In addition, this itaconated peptide can be further functionalized as a Michael acceptor to access the corresponding peptide‐protein conjugate.
Linear Extension of Anthracene via B←N Lewis Pair Formation: Effects on Optoelectronic Properties and Singlet O2Sensitization
Authors: Vanga Mukundam , Sahoo Ashutosh , Lalancette Roger A. , Jäkle Frieder
Published: November 2021

The functionalization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) via B←N Lewis pair formation offers an opportunity to judiciously fine‐tune the structural features and optoelectronic properties, to suit the demands of applications in organic electronic devices, bioimaging, and as sensitizers for singlet oxygen generation. We demonstrate that the N‐directed electrophilic borylation of 2,6‐di(pyrid‐2‐yl)anthracene offers access to linearly extended acene derivativesPy‐BR(R=Et, Ph, C6F5). In comparison to indeno‐fused 9,10‐diphenylanthracene, the formal “BN for CC” replacement inPy‐BRselectively lowers the LUMO, resulting in a much reduced HOMO–LUMO gap. An even more extended conjugated system with seven six‐membered rings in a row (Qu‐BEt) is obtained by borylation of 2,6‐di(quinolin‐8‐yl)anthracene. FluorinatedPy‐BPfshows particularly advantageous properties, including relatively lower‐lying HOMO and LUMO levels, strong yellow‐green fluorescence, and effective singlet oxygen sensitization, while resisting self‐sensitized conversion to its endoperoxide.
A label‐free and signal‐amplifiable assay method for colorimetric detection of carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Li Peng , Li Wenqin , Xie Zhuohao , Zhan Haonan , Deng Liehua , Huang Jiahao
Published: November 2021

In this work, an innovative colorimetric assay method for the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen is developed with aptamer probes utilized as recognition element. DNA hybridization chain reaction is used as signal amplification technique, and peroxidase‐mimicking hemin/G‐quadruplex‐assisted catalytic oxidation of 2,2'‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) is deployed as signal reporting mechanism. The detection principle was firstly verified by using gel electrophoresis analysis and absorbance measurements. After condition optimization, a detection limit was theoretically determined as 24.8 ng/ml. Furthermore, the method exhibited good selectivity and satisfactory recovery rates (92.2%–108.6%) in serum samples. Moreover, the sensing scheme is easily extended for the detection of other analytes via similar target‐aptamer recognition principle. To sum up, this is an enzyme‐ and label‐free, cost‐effective yet signal‐amplifiable assay scheme for the determination of tumor markers with promising simplicity and selectivity, practical utility, and potential universality.
Validation of a robust and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantitative analysis of navitoclax
Authors: Scott Susan C. , Anders Nicole M. , He Ping , Hemingway Avelina , Gore Steven D. , Hann Christine L. , Rudek Michelle A.
Published: November 2021

The Bcl‐2 family small molecule inhibitor navitoclax is being clinically evaluated to treat multiple cancers including lymphoid malignancies and small cell lung cancer. A sensitive and reliable method was developed to quantitate navitoclax in human plasma using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry with which to perform detailed pharmacokinetic studies. Sample preparation involved protein precipitation using acetonitrile. Separation of navitoclax and the internal standard, navitoclax‐d8, was achieved with a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column using isocratic flow over a 3 min total analytical run time. A SCIEX 4500 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in positive electrospray ionization mode was used for the detection of navitoclax. The assay range was 5–5,000 ng/ml and proved to be accurate (89.5–104.9%) and precise (CV ≤ 11%). Long‐term frozen plasma stability for navitoclax at −70°C was at least 43 months. The method was applied for the measurement of total plasma concentration of navitoclax in a patient receiving a 250 mg daily oral dose.
Development of a student engagement score for online undergraduate engineering courses using learning management system interaction data
Authors: Kittur Javeed , Bekki Jennifer , Brunhaver Samantha
Published: November 2021

Although researchers agree that student engagement in online courses is a function of time dedicated to course‐related activities, there is little consensus about the best way to quantify the construct. This study introduces a measure for undergraduate engineering students' engagement in online courses using their interactions with their online course learning management system (LMS). Data from 81 courses offered by three fully online, undergraduate engineering degree programs generated a total of 3848 unique student–course combinations (approximately 2.7 million rows of LMS interaction data), to which we applied a five‐step process to calculate a single score representing student LMS engagement. First, we converted the students' LMS interaction data into a set of natural features representing the time they spent per 3‐day period on various course elements, such as quizzes, assignments, discussion forums, and so forth, and how these times changed across the duration of the course. We then used the natural features to derive 216 relative features describing deviations from typical interaction patterns among students in the same course. Next, we conducted association rule mining on a training portion of the data set to generate rules separately describing the behavior of students who completed the course (completers) and those who chose to drop early (leavers). The rules generated were applied to students from the testing portion of the data set to compute the percentage of unique rules met by completers and leavers. Finally, the mathematical difference between the percentages of completer and leaver rules met by each student was found to be the best measure of student engagement.
Renal toxicities in immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without chemotherapy: An observational, retrospective, pharmacovigilance study leveraging US FARES database
Authors: Hu Fangyuan , Zhai Yinghong , Yuan Lei , Liang Jizhou , Xu Jinfang , Guo Xiaojing , Zhou Xiang , Lin Zhen , Sun Jinhai , Ye Xiaofei , He Jia
Published: November 2021

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have elicited durable antitumor responses in multiple types of cancers. However, ICIs could also induce potential toxicities that involve all organs, including renal system. In this study, we aimed to conduct a comprehensive description of the ICIs‐induced renal toxicities and the potential effects of chemotherapy.

Methods

We conducted a pharmacovigilance study based on US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database between 01 January 2014 and 30 June 2019. Disproportionality analysis was used to assess the association between ICIs and renal adverse events (AEs), including reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC). ROR025 and IC025 are, respectively, 95% confidence interval lower end of ROR and IC. If the value of ROR025 exceeding one or IC025 higher than zero, then a signal was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 30,602,758 reports were extracted from the database, with 4578 reports for ICIs‐associated renal AEs. Renal AEs were more frequently reported in anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 versus anti‐CTLA‐4 monotherapy group (ROR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.52–2.01). Similarly, renal AEs were more commonly reported in ICIs polytherapy other than monotherapy group (ROR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10–1.27). Notably, ICIs plus chemotherapy strategies reported more renal toxicities compared to sole ICIs regimens (ROR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.17–1.45), whereas exhibited lower fatality outcome rates. Importantly, acute kidney injury (1139, 24.88%) and renal failure (464, 10.14%) were the top two most commonly reported ICIs‐associated renal AEs, and also observed with the top two highest level of fatality outcome rates.

Conclusions

A spectrum of renal AEs was detected in ICIs regimens and could be reinforced by ICIs combination. Compared to sole ICIs regimens, ICIs plus chemotherapy strategy reported more renal toxicities but lower fatality outcome rates. With the increasing popularity of ICIs especially combination strategies, it is vital important for clinicians to guarantee balance between durable clinical effects and potential renal toxicities in latest immunotherapy strategies.
The change over time of vital signs with consideration for opioid use in the last 2 weeks of life among cancer patients in a palliative care unit: Continuous measurement of vital signs using a non‐wearable monitor
Authors: Tanaka Haruka , Fukui Sakiko , Maeda Isseki , Hatano Yutaka , Higuchi Akari , Higami Yoko , Yamakawa Miyae , Utsumi Momoe
Published: November 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine the following by using a non‐wearable monitor: (ⅰ) the trajectory of vital signs (VS) in the last 2 weeks of life among cancer patients, and (ⅱ) the difference in change over time of VS between cancer patients with and without opioid use.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal study involving cancer patients in a palliative care unit (PCU) from April 2018 to October 2019. VS were collected continuously using a non‐wearable monitor, and we calculated the means of respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) per hour, and counts of apnea per hour as outcome variables. Explanatory variables were time (subtracting time of death from measurement time of VS, divided by 36) and opioid use. Mean difference (MD) of time represented the slope per hour of VS values. First, we analyzed the associations between VS per hour and time using a linear mixed model (LMM) with random intercepts and slope over time. Second, we analyzed the associations between VS and interaction term between time and opioid use.

Results

We analyzed 26 cancer patients. RR (MD: 0.27 beats/min [95% CI: 0.27–0.28]), HR (MD: 1.51 beats/min [95% CI: 1.50–1.52]), and apnea (MD: 0.71 count/hour [95% CI: 0.70–0.72]) significantly increased hourly. In addition, RR was significantly associated with interaction term (MD: −1.59 beats/min [95% CI: −3.11 to −0.07]), which indicates that there is a difference in the slope of RR between opioid users and non‐users.

Conclusions

We have successfully described the trajectory of VS in high‐resolution under conditions of a natural end of life in PCU.
A Specialized Dehydrogenase Provides l‐Phenyllactate for FR900359 Biosynthesis
Authors: Klöppel Sophie , Richarz René , Wirtz Daniel A. , Vasenda Natalia , König Gabriele M. , Crüsemann Max
Published: November 2021

d‐Phenyllactate (PLA) is a component of the selective Gq protein inhibitor and nonribosomal cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 (FR). Here we report a detailed biochemical investigation of PLA biosynthesis and its incorporation into the natural product FR. The enzyme FrsC, member of the lactate/malate dehydrogenase superfamily, was shown to catalyze the formation of l‐PLA from phenylpyruvate. FrsC was kinetically characterized and its substrate specificity determined. Incorporation of l‐PLA was probed by assaying the adenylation domain FrsE‐A3 and feeding studies with a Chromobacterium vaccinii ΔfrsC mutant, confirming preferred activation of l‐PLA followed by on‐line epimerization to d‐PLA. Finally, detailed bioinformatic analyses of FrsC revealed its close relation to malate dehydrogenases from primary metabolism and suggest extensions in the substrate binding loop to be responsible for its adaptation to accepting larger aromatic substrates with high specificity.
An Argyrophylla‐like Nanorods Co9S8/2H‐WS2@NF Heterojunction with Electrons Redistribution as a Highly Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Song Youchao , Zuo Changjiang , Li Rui , Zhou Yuming , Zhang Yiwei , Wu Bo , Huang Yuzhong
Published: November 2021

The preparation of high‐efficiency and ultra‐stable bifunctional electrocatalytic materials is of great significance to the development of sustainable and clean hydrogen energy by water splitting. In this work, a low‐cost and efficient bifunctional Co9S8/2H‐WS2 argyrophylla‐like heterostructure was purposely loaded on nickel foam (Co9S8/2H‐WS2@NF) via simple and feasible in‐suit electrodeposition route. The Co9S8/2H‐WS2@NF can achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 57 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 253 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 mol/L KOH solution. Moreover, only 1.58 V is needed to achieve the overall water splitting at 10 mA cm−2. The optimized interfacial electrons redistribution that promoting the catalytic performance were proved by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Therefore, this work provides new opportunities in promoting the performances of overall water splitting through low‐cost bimetallic sulfide.
Diversity in financial planning: Race, gender, and the likelihood to trust a financial planner
Authors: Reiter Miranda , Seay Martin , Loving Ajamu
Published: November 2021

This study used an experiment to investigate the association between race, gender, and trust as it relates to working with a financial planner among a sample of Black and White MTurk respondents. Results revealed neither a respondent nor a financial planner's race was related to the level of trustworthiness perceived by a respondent. However, respondents were more likely to trust women financial planners than men financial planners. In addition, women respondents were more likely than men respondents to trust financial planners. Implications of this study are important in understanding the challenges and opportunities faced by underrepresented populations in succeeding as a financial planner.
A Ferroelectric Metallomesogen Exhibiting Field‐Induced Slow Magnetic Relaxation
Authors: Akiyoshi Ryohei , Zenno Hikaru , Sekine Yoshihiro , Nakaya Manabu , Akita Motoko , Kosumi Daisuke , Lindoy Leonard F. , Hayami Shinya
Published: November 2021

Magnetoelectric (ME) materials exhibiting coupled electric and magnetic properties are of significant interest because of their potential use in memory storage devices, new sensors, or low‐consumption devices. Herein, we report a new category of ME material that shows liquid crystal (LC), ferroelectric (FE), and field‐induced single molecule magnet (SMM) behaviors. Co(II) complex incorporating alkyl chains of type [Co(3C16‐bzimpy)2](BF4)2 (1; 3C16‐bzimpy=2,2’‐(4‐hexadecyloxy‐2,6‐diyl)bis(1‐hexadecyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole)) displayed a chiral smectic C mesophase in the temperature range 321 K–458 K, in which distinct FE behavior was observed, with a remnant polarization (88.3 nC cm−2). Complex 1 also exhibited field‐induced slow magnetic relaxation behavior that reflects the large magnetic anisotropy of the Co(II) center. Furthermore, the dielectric property of 1 was able to be tuned by an external magnetic field occurring from both spin‐lattice coupling and molecular orientational variation. Clearly, this multifunctional compound, combining LC, FE, and SMM properties, represents an entry to the development of a range of next‐generation ME materials.
Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis via NO Reduction on 2D‐MOF
Authors: Huang Bin , Chen Bibo , Zhu Guoping , Peng Jiahe , Zhang Peng , Qian Yong , Li Neng
Published: November 2021

Developing new catalysts that effectively promote electrocatalytic NO reduction (ENOR) is a very important industrial field. A two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐organic framework (MOF) with hexaaminobenzene (HAB) ligands (TM−HAB MOF, TM=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ru, Rh and Pd) as an electrocatalyst for ENOR was systematically explored in this work by means of well‐defined density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We predicted the impact of the coordination structure of different MOFs on its catalytic performance and found that the suitable candidates are Co− and Rh−HAB MOFs due to moderate binding strength between NO and substrates. Further calculations indicated that Co−HAB MOF has the best ENOR catalytic activity with a limiting potential of – 0.26 V toward NH3 production at low NO coverage, yet NO reduction to N2O at high NO coverage was limited due to high limiting potential. The scaling relationship with a good correlation coefficient between several electronic properties and the adsorption Gibbs free energy change of *NO (ΔG*NO) were found, which implies that ΔG*NO can be used as a simple descriptor for screening out suitable electrocatalysts. This work offers a new paradigm for ENOR toward NH3 production under ambient conditions.
Psychophysiological adjustment to formal education varies as a function of peer status and socioeconomic status in children beginning kindergarten
Authors: Wright Leah , Lopez Luz Stella , Camargo Gina , Bukowski William M.
Published: November 2021

The transition to kindergarten can be stressful as children adjust to novel separations from their caregivers and become accustomed to their peer group. A 9‐month study of 96 children (Mage = 5.37 years, SD = 0.42) from Barranquilla, Colombia, assessed socioeconomic differences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning across the kindergarten year. Children were from four different classrooms in one school. Saliva samples were collected twice a day across 3 consecutive days at the beginning and end of the school year. We examined whether change in HPA axis activation across the year varied as a function of a child's socioeconomic status (SES) and experience in the peer group. We found that rejected children and lower SES children had lower cortisol levels early in the morning. Rejected children had a flatter morning cortisol slope. Lower SES children had higher cortisol than their higher SES peers at the end of the school year and a flatter morning cortisol slope. Taken together, these findings suggest that diurnal cortisol in children beginning kindergarten may be influenced by both peer rejection and SES.