bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preoperative CA19-9 and GGT ratio as a prognostic indicator in ampullary carcinoma
Authors: Chen Rui-Qiu , Zhang Zhi-Lei , Jia Yu-Ming , Peng Li , Chen Rui-Xiang
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
In recent years, more and more inflammatory indicators have been studied to predict the long-term survival of patients with ampullary carcinoma (AC) after radical resection, but these prognostic indicators are still controversial. Therefore, based on previous inflammation scores, this study established a novel, easily accessible, more feasible and more predictive prognostic marker [Carbohydrate antigen199 to gamma-glutamyltransferase ratio (CA19-9/GGT)] to better assess the prognostic significance in AC patients undergoing radical resection.
METHODS:
Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed by Cox regression model. Correlation between CA19-9/GGT and clinicopathological variables were analyzed by Chi-squared test, Fisher ' s exact test, independent sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test. The performance of prognostic indexes is compared by the consistency index (C-index). The prediction accuracy of nomogram is further confirmed by calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA).
RESULTS:
CA19-9/GGT was an independent risk factor affecting OS [P = 0.001, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.459, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.450–4.167] and RFS (P = 0.002, HR = 2.333, 95% CI: 1.371–3.971) in multivariate analysis. The optimal cut-off value of CA19-9/GGT was 0.14. In CA19-9/GGT correlation analysis, high risk group (> 0.14) was significantly associated with poor prognosis. The predictive performance of CA19-9/GGT (OS: C-index = 0.753, RFS: C-index = 0.745) was confirmed to be superior to other prognostic indicators according to the C-index. Compared with the simple AJCC staging system, the Nomogram prediction model (OS: C-index = 0.787, RFS: C-index = 0.795) established by the combination of CA19-9/GGT and AJCC 8th TNM staging system has higher prediction accuracy.
CONCLUSIONS:
CA19-9/GGT was an independent prognostic indicator after radical resection of AC. Incorporating CA19-9/GGT into the AJCC TNM staging system optimized the prediction accuracy of the TNM staging system, and further verified the predictive value of CA19-9/GGT.
Characterisation of IL-23 receptor antagonists and disease relevant mutants using fluorescent probes
Authors: Lay Charles , Isidro-Llobet Albert , Craggs Peter , Hill Stephen
Published: October 2022

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-23 receptor with the several auto-inflammatory diseases, led to the heterodimeric receptor and its cytokine-ligand IL-23, becoming important drug targets. Successful antibody-based therapies directed against the cytokine have been licenced and a new class of small peptide antagonists of the receptor have entered clinical trials. These peptide antagonists may offer therapeutic advantages over existing anti-IL-23 therapies, but little is known about their molecular pharmacology. In this study, we use a fluorescent version of IL-23 to characterise antagonists of the full-length receptor expressed by living cells using a NanoBRET competition assay. We then develop a cyclic peptide fluorescent probe, specific to the IL23p19:IL23R interface and use this molecule to characterise further receptor antagonists. Finally, we use the assays to study the immunocompromising C115Y IL23R mutation, demonstrating that the mechanism of action is a disruption of the binding epitope for IL23p19.
Muslim patients in the U.S. confronting challenges regarding end-of-life and palliative care: The experiences and roles of hospital chaplains
Authors: Klitzman Robert , Natarelli Gabrielle Di Sapia , Garbuzova Elizaveta , Sinnappan Stephanie , Al-Hashimi Jay
Published: October 2022

Introduction
: Critical questions arise regarding the experiences and perceptions of Muslim patients in the U.S concerning end-of-life care, pain management and other areas. Hospital chaplains aid patients confronting challenges related to palliative and end-of-life care, but relatively little is known about how and how well chaplains meet such needs among Muslim patients.
Methods
Telephone qualitative interviews of ~ 1 hour each were conducted with 23 chaplains and analyzed.
Results
Both Muslim and non-Muslim chaplains raised issues concerning Islam among chaplains, doctors and patients, particularly challenges and misunderstandings between non-Muslim providers and Muslim patients, especially at the end-of-life, often due to a lack of knowledge of Islam, and misunderstanding and differences in perspectives. Due to broader societal Islamophobia, Muslim patients may fear or face discrimination, and thus not disclose their religion in the hospital. Confusion can arise among Muslim patients and families about what their faith permits regarding end-of-life care and pain management, and how to interpret and apply their religious beliefs in hospitals. Muslims hail from different countries, but providers may not fully grasp how these patients’ cultural practices may also vary. Chaplains can help address these challenges, playing key roles in mediating tensions and working to counteract Muslim patients’ fears, and express support. Yet many Muslim immigrants don’t know what “chaplaincy” is and/or prefer a chaplain of their own faith. Muslim chaplains can play vital roles, having expertise that can heighten trust, and educating non-Muslim colleagues, providing in-depth understanding of Islam (e.g., highlighting how Islam is related to Judaism and Christianity) and correcting misconceptions among colleagues. Hospitals without a Muslim chaplain can draw on local community imams.
Conclusions
These data highlight how mutual sets of misunderstandings, especially concerning patients’ and families’ decisions about end-of-life care and pain management, can emerge among Muslim patients and non-Muslim staff that chaplains can help mediate. Non-Muslim chaplains and providers should seek to learn more about Islam. Muslim patients and families may also benefit from enhanced education and awareness of chaplains’ availability and scope, and of pain management and end-of-life options. These data thus have several critical implications for future practice, education, and research.
Perceived social support and professional identity in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic era: The mediating effects of self-efficacy and the moderating role of anxiety
Authors: Zhao Zhi-Hui , Guo Jin-Yi , Zhou Jie , Qiao Jia , Yue Shu-Wen , Ouyang Yan-Qiong , Redding Sharon R , Wang Rong , Cai Zhong-Xiang
Published: October 2022

Background
Health professionals, including nurses, experienced heavy workloads and significant physical and mental health challenges during the coronavirus disease (COVID) 19 pandemic, which may affect career choices for those considering nursing and for nursing students. The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a period of risk, but also an occasion to redeploy the PI of nursing students. However, the relationship between PSS, SE, PI and anxiety remains unclear. This study aims to explore whether perceived social support (PSS) has an indirect effect on professional identity (PI) through mediation of self-efficacy (SE) and whether the anxiety can moderate the relationship between perceived social support and self-efficacy in nursing students during their internship period.
Methods
An observational, national cross-sectional study was conducted following the STROBE guidelines. An online questionnaire was completed by 2,457 nursing students from 24 provinces in China during their internship during September to October 2021. Measures included Chinese translations of the Professional Identity Questionnaire for Nursing Students, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety disorder scale.
Results
Both PSS (r = 0.46, p < 0.001) and SE (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with PI. The indirect effect of PSS on PI through SE was positive (β = 0.348, p < 0.001), with an effect of 72.7%. The results of the moderating effect analysis showed that anxiety attenuated the effect of PSS on SE. Moderation models indicated that anxiety has a weak negative moderating effect on the effect of PSS on SE (β = − 0.0308, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
A better PSS and higher scores in SE were associated with PI in nursing students, and a better PSS had an indirect effect on the PI of nursing students through SE. Anxiety played a negative moderating role in the relationship between PSS and SE.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of workplace violence among nurses working at China
Authors: Lu Jiachen , Ji Haoqiang , Wang Bin , Zhang Yanni , Chen Xu , Sun Meng , Yu Yingying , Duan Yuxin , Yi Yaohui , Dou Xiaofeng , Xu Jia , Wu Ruiheng , Chen Yunting , Pan Yuanping , Zhou Ling
Published: October 2022

Background
Workplace violence is a serious problem is an unavoidable problem including nurses, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of workplace violence and related factors among nurses in Liaoning Province, China.
Methods:
An institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021 in five tertiary care hospitals in Dalian City. A total of 1082 valid questionnaires were returned. Each questionnaire included a Workplace Violence Scale and sociodemographic characteristics, and logistic regression was used to explore the predictors of workplace violence.
Results
Prevalence of total violence in the workplace is 34%.Monthly expenditures, weekly working hours, different sectors, alcohol consumption and physical activity were independent factors associated with workplace violence.
Conclusion
High prevalence of workplace illness among nurses in Liaoning Province, China. Certain measures are recommended to reduce the hazards of workplace violence.
Moral Foundations Elicit Shared and Dissociable Cortical Activation Modulated by Political Ideology
Authors: Hopp Frederic , Amir Ori , Fisher Jacob , Grafton Scott , Sinnott-Armstrong Walter , Weber René
Published: October 2022

Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) holds that moral judgments are driven by modular and ideologically variable moral foundations, but where and how they are represented in the brain and shaped by political beliefs remains an open question. Using a moral judgment task of moral foundation vignettes, we probed the neural (dis)unity of moral foundations. Univariate analyses revealed that moral judgment of moral foundations, versus conventional norms, reliably recruits core areas implied in emotional processing and theory of mind. Yet, multivariate pattern analysis demonstrated that each moral foundation has dissociable neural representations distributed throughout the cortex. As predicted by MFT, political ideology modulated neural responses to moral foundations. Our results confirm that each moral foundation recruits domain-general mechanisms of social cognition, but has a dissociable neural signature malleable by sociomoral experience. We discuss these findings in view of unified versus dissociable accounts of morality and their neurological support for MFT.
Numerical and Experimental Research on Shafts with Elliptical Section Formed by Cross Wedge Rolling
Authors: Li junling , Weicheng Chu , Pengni Feng , Baoyu Wang , Ping Chen , Shuang Fang
Published: October 2022

Blade is one of the significant important parts of aero-engine, and its manufacturing technology directly affects the preparation level and development speed of aero-engine. In view of the many problems existing in the current blade preforming process, this paper proposes a potential way to prepare blade preforms by using the cross wedge rolling (CWR). Furthermore, considering the shape characteristics of the blade, the blade preform with elliptical section formed by CWR was thoroughly investigated. The roll’s profile curve is of significant importance to forming quality, and its equation was was deduced based on the plane meshing principle between the roll and the rolling piece and verified by finite element (FE) analysisi and CWR experiments on self-made platform. Meanwhile, The accuracy of the established FE model was quantitatively tested and used to study the forming limit expressed by eccentricity e, and the forming limit is around 0.8 (i.e. e ≤ 0.8). Based on this, a blade preform for an aero-engine compressor was design with two elliptical sections, and it was well formed by FE model which verified the feasibility, and the research results can also be extended and applied to the preform of other non-rotating parts and other materials.
Optimal design of novel honeycomb photocatalytic reactors for numerical analysis of formaldehyde degradation by CFD modeling
Authors: Gao Jinsen , Dong Pengyu , Tan Junjian , Zhang Lihua , Wang Cunxia
Published: October 2022

As an alternative to the investigation of photocatalysts, it is a potential approach to enhance the photocatalytic performance of the novel photocatalytic reactor by optimizing its geometric structure and reaction conditions. In this work, five different honeycomb photocatalytic reactors with a deflector and a porous airflow distribution plate were designed and a numerical simulation was performed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The simulation results showed that a huge vortex appeared near the entrance of the original model and the velocity distribution inside the reactor was non-uniform, whereas these shortcomings could be effectively overcome when using the 45° deflector model (S-4) compared to the other models. Compared to S-1, the photocatalytic conversion rate of formaldehyde for S-4 was boosted by 7.29% at a flow velocity of 0.04 m s−1. In addition, it was found that the photocatalytic conversion rate of formaldehyde increased from 55.45–94.73% when the velocity decreased from 0.04 to 0.01 m s−1, and the photocatalytic removal rate of formaldehyde decreased from 94.73–70.05% as the relative humidity varied from 20–70%. Furthermore, when the irradiance increased from 45 to 265 mW cm−2, the photocatalytic conversion rate of formaldehyde improved by 10.78%. Overall, this work contributes to the design of the novel honeycomb reactor to acquire the optimized construction of the photocatalytic reactor.
COS-Speech: Protocol to develop a core outcome set for dysarthria after stroke for use in clinical practice and research
Authors: Mitchell Claire , Bowen Audrey , Conroy Paul , Whelan Brooke-Mai , Wallace Sarah J , Dancer Annette , Woodward-Nutt Kate , Kirkham Jamie J
Published: October 2022

Background Dysarthria after stroke is when speech intelligibility is impaired, and this occurs in half of all stroke survivors. Dysarthria often leads to social isolation, poor psychological well-being and can prevent return to work and social lives. Currently a variety of outcome measures are used in clinical research and practice when monitoring recovery for people who have dysarthria. When research studies use different measures, it is impossible to compare results from trials and delays our understanding of effective clinical treatments. The aim of this study is to develop a core outcome set (COS) to agree what aspects of speech recovery should be measured for dysarthria after stroke (COS-Speech) in research and clinical practice.
Methods The COS-Speech study will include five steps. 1. Development of a long list of possible outcome domains of speech that should be measured to guide the survey; 2. Recruitment to the COS-Speech study of three key stakeholder groups in the UK and Australia: stroke survivors, communication researchers and speech and language therapists/pathologists; 3. Two rounds of the Delphi survey process; 4. A consensus meeting to agree the speech outcomes to be measured and a follow up consensus meeting to match existing instruments/measures (from parallel systematic review) to the agreed COS-Speech; 5. Dissemination of COS-Speech.
Discussion There is currently no COS for dysarthria after stroke for research trials or clinical practice. The findings from this research study will be a minimum COS, for use in all dysarthria research studies and clinical practice looking at post-stroke recovery of speech. These findings will be widely disseminated using professional and patient networks, research and clinical forums as well as using a variety of academic papers, videos, accessible writing such as blogs and links on social media.
Trial Registration COS-Speech is registered with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database, October 2021 https://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/1959. In addition, “A systematic review of the psychometric properties and clinical utility of instruments measuring dysarthria after stroke” will inform the consensus meeting to match measures to COS-Speech. The protocol for the systematic reviews registered with the International Prospective register of Systematic Reviews https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022302998. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022302998
Nutritive value of defective soybean grains for ruminants
Authors: Carvalho L. B. , Neta B. S. Mota , Costa A. C. , F A. S.R. , Vieira K. P.N. , Abreu M. L.C. , Galati R. L. , Guerra W. D. , Cabral L. S.
Published: October 2022

Defective soybean grains (DSBG) are considered improper for use as protein source in animal nutrition, what has not been evaluated yet. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro fermentation and effects of DSBG in feedlot lamb diets. For that, two types of defective soybean grains (partially fermented and totally fermented) were obtained and compared to standard soybean grains (SSBG). In vitro, SBG (DSBG and SSBG) were evaluated alone or as component of a total mix ration which was also evaluated in vivo, where DSBG replaced SSBG in feedlot lamb diets. Before the studies, both types of SBG were sent to specialized laboratory where the presence of mycotoxins were no detected. Totally fermented SBG presented lower DM and carbohydrates content, but higher crude protein, fibre, and indigestible NDF contend than standard SBG. DSBG presented lower in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) than SSBG when evaluated alone, however when evaluated in experimental diets did not affect IVDMD. DSBG presented 57% lower in situ rumen degradable protein than standard SSBG (47.9 vs86.4%). In feedlot lamb diets DSBG did not affect nutrients intakes, apparent digestibility or animal performance. Thus, mycotoxins-free DSBG may totally replace SSBG in feedlot lamb diets.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Medical System and Management Strategies in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Saiin Kohei , Takenaka Sakae , Nagai Toshiyuki , Takahashi Akinori , Mizuguchi Yoshifumi , Konishi Takao , Hotta Daisuke , Kamigaki Mitsunori , Yamazaki Seiji , Fujita Tsutomu , Yamashita Takehiro , Kawahatsu Kandoh , Suzuki Takashi , Nozaki Yoichi , Sakurada Taku , Anzai Toshihisa , Takenaka Takashi , Igarashi Yasumi , Makino Takao
Published: October 2022

The global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with reduced rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, there were a few data showing how emergency medical system (EMS) and management strategies for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) changed during the pandemic. We sought to clarify changes on characteristics, treatments, and in-hospital mortality of patients with ACS transported via EMS between pre- and post-pandemic. We examined consecutive 656 patients with ACS admitted to Sapporo City ACS Network Hospitals between June 2018 and November 2021. The patients were divided into pre- and post-pandemic groups. The number of ACS hospitalisations declined significantly during the pandemic (proportional reduction 66%, coefficient − 0.34, 95% CI -0.50 to -0.18, p < 0.001). The median time from an EMS call to hospital was significantly longer in post-pandemic group than in pre-pandemic group (32 [26–39] vs. 29 [25–36] min, p = 0.008). There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with ACS receiving PCI, and in-hospital mortality between the groups. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on EMS and management in patients with ACS. Although a significant decline was observed in ACS hospitalisations, the proportion of patients with ACS receiving emergency PCI remained during the pandemic.
Comparative and expression analyses of AP2/ERF genes reveal copy number expansion and potential functions of ERF genes in Solanaceae
Authors: Choi Jin-Wook , Choi Hyeon Ho , Park Young-Soo , Jang Min-Jeong , Kim Seungill
Published: October 2022

Background
The AP2/ERF gene family is a superfamily of transcription factors that are important in the response of plants to abiotic stress and development. However, comprehensive research of the AP2/ERF genes in the Solanaceae family is lacking.
Results
Here, we updated the annotation of AP2/ERF genes in the genomes of eight Solanaceae species, as well as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. We identified 2,196 AP2/ERF genes, of which 368 (17%) were newly identified. Based on phylogenetic analyses, we observed expansion of the copy number of these genes, especially those belonging to specific Ethylene-Responsive Factor (ERF) subgroups of the Solanaceae. From the results of chromosomal location and synteny analyses, we identified that the AP2/ERF genes of the pepper (Capsicum annuum), the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and the potato (Solanum tuberosum) belonging to ERF subgroups form a tandem array and most of them are species-specific without orthologs in other species, which has led to differentiation of AP2/ERF gene repertory among Solanaceae. We suggest that these genes mainly emerged through recent gene duplication after the divergence of these species. Transcriptome analyses showed that the genes have a putative function in the response of the pepper and tomato to abiotic stress, especially those in ERF subgroups.
Conclusions
Our findings will provide comprehensive information on AP2/ERF genes and insights into the structural, evolutionary, and functional understanding of the role of these genes in the Solanaceae.
The mixed application of organic amendments with dinsinct properties to optimize soil nitrate management and increase greenhouse tomato yield
Authors: Qi Xingchao , Qu Zhaoming , Zhang Jingmin , Liu Yanli , LI Chengliang
Published: October 2022

Background and aims Organic amendments are widely used in agricultural production. However, applying individual amendment has certainly negative effects. The mixed application of two distinct amendments was tested to resolve the dilemma.
Methods We cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in a greenhouse for three consecutive seasons with four treatments, namely, sole application of chicken manure (CM), sole application of rice husk (RH), mixed application of chicken manure and rice husk with mass ratio of 1:4 (Mix1) and 1:2 (Mix2), respectively. Organic amendments were applied in the first two seasons to investigate the content of soli NO3--N, certain soil physical properties, and tomato growth and yield. In-situ N mineralization of four organic amendments also was determined in the last two seasons.
Results In the short term, topsoil NO3--N content was in the order of CM > Mix2 > Mix1 > RH, however, in the long time, topsoil NO3--N content of CM treatment was the lowest. Compared the sole application of chicken manure, the mixed application of chicken manure and rice husk significantly decreased NO3--N content in the deep soil and significantly improved soil physical properties, such as soil water retention. Overuse of rice husk would trigger strong N immobilization. Mix2 treatment had the highest tomato yield in all the three seasons.
Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the mixed application of chicken manure and rice husk could optimize soil NO3--N management, improve soil physical properties, so as to promote tomato growth, increase yield and benefit environment.
Usage patterns of postoperative pain control medication after thyroidectomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Alzahrani Hassan A.
Published: October 2022

Background
Thyroid surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures with typical mild-to-moderate pain postoperatively. Thus, postoperative pain control is clearly of primary concern to patients, as well as surgeons. The unnecessary use of opioid analgesics is a well-known contributing factor to opioid addiction. Recently, experts from the Endocrine Surgery Section of the American Head and Neck Society released a consensus to limit the use of opioid medications as the first-line pain medications after head and neck or endocrine procedures. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the postoperative pain control medication prescription practices of head and neck or endocrine surgeons for patients who underwent thyroid surgery.
Methods
This study retrospectively reviewed the charts of 105 adult patients who underwent thyroid surgery (total thyroidectomy, thyroid lobectomy, or subtotal thyroidectomy) by head and neck or endocrine surgeons. The type of prescribed pain medication at hospital discharge postoperatively was then retrieved from each patient’s discharge medication list. Descriptive statistics mean, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages were computed, while the Chi-square test was applied to measure the significant differences among variables at a 5.00% significant level.
Results
An outpatient oral opioid, in the form combining paracetamol and codeine, was prescribed for 62 (59%) patients whereas 43 (41%) were discharged on paracetamol only.
Conclusions
The use of opioids is the practice pattern for pain management among some head and neck or endocrine surgeons despite emerging evidence that supports the use of non-opioid and other alternative analgesic strategies in outpatient thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Further research and quality improvement interventions should be geared towards leading all health professionals to appropriate prescription practices to improve patient safety and reduce unnecessary opioid prescriptions.
How do afforestation and BECCS differ in their impacts on the land carbon cycle and surface climate?
Authors: Melnikova Irina , Ciais Philippe , Tanaka Katsumasa , Vuichard Nicolas , Boucher Olivier
Published: October 2022

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) plays an essential role in achieving the Paris Agreement targets. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and Afforestation and reforestation (AR) are two widely-assumed CDR methods in future mitigation pathways. Here, we compare their CDR potentials and impacts on the land carbon cycle and surface climate by using IPSL-CM6A-LR Earth System Model simulations under the SSP5-3.4-OS temperature overshoot pathway. BECCS removes more carbon from the atmosphere than AR on a global scale. But an additional CO2 release due to land-use change can regionally overcompensate the CDR advantages of BECCS over AR, depending on the carbon capture and storage efficiency of bioenergy crops and the timescales required to achieve the mitigation targets. Besides, the CDR potential advantages are compromised by regionally contrasting impacts on the climate and carbon cycle. The decision to allocate land for bioenergy crops or forests should account for their respective CDR potentials, as well as the effects from their associated biogeochemical and biogeophysical feedbacks.
The impact of COVID-19 on the lives of Canadians with and without non-communicable chronic diseases: Results from the iCARE Study
Authors: Deslauriers Frédérique , Gosselin-Boucher Vincent , Léger Camille , Vieira Ariany Marques , Bacon Simon L. , Lavoie Kim
Published: October 2022

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic and its prevention policies have taken a toll on Canadians, and certain subgroups may have been disproportionately affected, including those with non-communicable disease (NCDs; e.g., heart and lung disease) due to their risk of COVID-19 complications.Aims/Objectives:We investigated the impacts of COVID-19 on mental health, lifestyle habits, and access to healthcare among Canadians with NCDs compared to those without, and the extent to which women with NCDs were disproportionately affected.Methods:As part of the iCARE study(www.icarestudy.com), data from seven Canadian representative samples (total n=24,028) was collected via online surveys between June 4, 2020 to February 2, 2022 and analyzed using general linear models.Results:A total of 45.6% (n=10,570) of survey respondents indicated having at least one physician-diagnosed NCD, the most common of which were hypertension (24.3%), chronic lung disease (13.3%) and diabetes (12.0%). In fully adjusted models, those with NCDs were 1.18-1.24 times more likely to reporting feeling lonely, irritable/frustrated, and angry ‘to a great extent’ compared to those without (p’s <.001). Similarly, those with NCDs were 1.22-1.24 times more likely to report worse eating and drinking habits and cancelling medical appointments/avoiding the emergency department compared to those without (p’s <.001). Moreover, although there were no sex differences in access to medical care, women with NCDs were more likely to report feeling anxious and depressed, and report drinking less alcohol, compared to men with NCDs (p’s <.01).Conclusion:Results suggest that people with NCDs and women have been disproportionately impacted by the pandemic, and that women with NCDs have suffered greater psychological distress compared to men, and men with NCDs have increased their alcohol consumption compared to women. Findings point to potential intervention targets among patients with NCDs.
Comparative Outcome Of Endovascular Embolization With Microsurgery In Managing Acute Spontaneous Cerebral Hemorrhage In Pediatric Patients, An Institutional Experience
Authors: Jha Vikas Chandra , Alam Mohammad Shahnawaz , Sinha Vivek Sharan
Published: October 2022

Introduction: A few earlier studies have reported the role of embolization with curative intent in treating the early phase of a spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage of the brain AVM in pediatric patients. its efficacy needs to be compared with microsurgery. The risk factors for hemorrhage following early embolization in such patients should be evaluated.
Material & Methods: We analyzed patients treated for arteriovenous malformation in pediatrics (< 18 years) following its rupture in the acute phase by embolization alone and surgery between July 2018 and July 2022. From a pool of 80 patients who had undergone treatment for ruptured AVM with hemorrhage at our center, we identified 36 patients with spontaneous bleeding due to AVMs. Out of which, 20 were treated by embolization alone (Group1) and another group 2 by surgery (with and without adjuvant embolisation).
Result: Spetzler martin's grading of the lesion suggested seven lesions<3 and 13 lesions ≥3 in the embolization group; similarly, seven lesions were <3 and nine≥3 Spetzler martin grade in the surgery group. The average midline shift in the embolization group was 2.12±1.68, and in the surgery group was 4.24±2.89 mm(p=0.019). Incomplete embolization was associated with hemorrhage in 2 patients treated with curative intent and 4 in the surgery group treated with embolization as adjuvant (p=0.01). Glasgow outcome score ≥4 was observed in 18 patients in embolization and 12 in the surgery group on follow-up (p=0.273). The average follow-up in the embolization group was 25.80±7.8, and in the surgery group, 29.18±11.85 months (p=0.232).
Conclusions: Incomplete embolization is the significant risk factor associated with hemorrhage in AVMs treated following a hemorrhagic stroke in the pediatric age group. Embolization with curative intent in treating such lesions is equally efficacious to the surgery group treated earlier by adjuvant embolization with careful patient selection. Although essential, our results need a further prospective study on a large patient population with longer follow-ups.
Patterns, prevalence and determinants of stunting among children aged 1-15 years
Authors: Wake Senahara Korsa , Zewotir Temesgen
Published: October 2022

Stunting increases morbidity and mortality, hindering mental development and influencing cognitive capacity of children. This study aimed to examine the trends and determinants of stunting from infancy to middle adolescence in four countries: Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. A 15-year longitudinal data on the prevalence of stunting were obtained from the Young Lives cohort study. The study includes 38361 observations from 4 countries in between 2002 and 2016. A generalized mixed-effects model was adopted to estimate the determinant of stunting. The patterns of stunting in children from 2002 to 2016 have declined from an estimated 30% in 2002 to 20% in 2016. Stunting prevalence varied among four low- and middle-income countries with children in Ethiopia, India, and Peru being more stunted compared to children in Vietnam. The highest stunted was recorded in India and the lower was recorded in Vietnam. In all four countries, the highest prevalence of severe stunting was observed in 2002 and moderate stunting was observed in 2006. Parents' education level played a significance role in determining child stunting. Children of uneducated parents were shown to be at a higher risk of stunting. The pattern of stunting was reduced in four low- and middle-income countries from 2002 to 2016. Disparities of stunting were observed between- and within-country of low- and middle-income with the highest prevalence recorded in low-income country. Child stunting is caused by factors related to child's age, household wealth, household size, the mother's and father's education level, residence area and access to save drinking water.
Thermophilic Dehalococcoidia with unusual traits shed light on an unexpected past
Authors: Palmer Marike , Covington Jonathan , Zhou En-Min , Thomas Scott , Habib Neeli , Seymour Cale , Lai Dengxun , Johnston Juliet , Hashimi Ameena , Jiao Jian-Yu , Muok Alise , Liu Lan , Xian Wen-Dong , Zhi Xiao-Yang , Li Meng-Meng , Silva Leslie , Bowen Benjamin , Louie Katherine , Briegel Ariane , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Weber Peter , Tocheva Elitza , Woyke Tanja , Northen Trent , Mayali Xavier , Li Wen-Jun , Hedlund Brian
Published: October 2022

The phylum Chloroflexota is ubiquitous; however, its biology and evolution are poorly understood due to limited cultivability. Here, we isolated two motile, thermophilic bacteria from hot spring sediments belonging to the class Dehalococcoidia within the phylum Chloroflexota. A combination of cryo-electron tomography, exometabolomics, and cultivation experiments using stable isotopes of carbon revealed three unusual traits: flagellar motility; a peptidoglycan-containing cell envelope; and heterotrophic activity on aromatics and plant-associated compounds. Although these traits are unusual among cultivated Chloroflexota and Dehalococcoidia, ancestral character state reconstructions showed flagellar motility and peptidoglycan-containing cell envelopes were ancestral within the Dehalococcoidia and subsequently lost prior to a major adaptive radiation of Dehalococcoidia into marine environments. This evolutionary past explains the widespread genomic potential to degrade terrestrial organic matter among marine Dehalococcoidia and raises new questions about the timing and selective forces driving their successful niche expansion into the global oceans.
Clinical relevance of deep learning models in predicting the onset timing of breakthrough cancer pain
Authors: Bang Yeong Hak , Choi Yoon Ho , Park Mincheol , Shin Soo-Yong , Kim Seok Jin
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) is a challenging clinical problem that is encountered in the management of cancer pain. We aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of deep learning models that predict the of BTcP onset in hospitalized patients.

Methods

We defined BTcP as the pain with a numerical rating scale (NRS) score of ≥ 4. We investigated the performance of the deep learning models using the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) with different input lengths and time binning. All the pain records were obtained from the electronic medical records of the hematology-oncology wards in a Samsung Medical Center between July 2016 and February 2020. The model was externally validated using the holdout method with 20% of the datasets.

Results

The most common type of cancer was lung cancer (n = 745, 21.7%), and the median BTcP per day was 1.01. The NRS pain records showed circadian patterns that correlated with NRS pain patterns of the previous days. The correlation of the NRS scores showed a positive association with the closeness of the NRS pattern of the day with forecast date and size of time binning. The long short-term memory-based model exhibited a good performance by demonstrating 9 times the best performance and 8 times the second-best performance among 21 different settings. The best performance was achieved with 120 h input and 12 h bin lengths (MCC: 0.4927).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated the possibility of predicting BTcP using deep learning models, thereby suggesting that preemptive cancer pain management using deep learning will improve patients’ daily life.
Morphology and Performance of PolyVinyl Chloride Thin Films Doped with Polyorganosilanes against Photodegradation
Authors: Mohamed Safaa , Yousif Emad , Hameed Ayad S. , Ahmed Dina S. , Zainulabdeen Khalid , Saleh Hamid M. , Husain Amani A. , Bufaroosha Muna
Published: October 2022

The importance of polymeric additives has taken an important role in industrial technology and its development and the increase in the consumption period of industrial products, especially plastic products. Therefore, a different type of polymeric additive was used, which can be classified as another type of polymeric additive, where three types of polymers were synthesized as polymeric additives. These polymers differ from each other only in stereo geometry. Three geometric shapes of the polymer were synthesized, namely, ortho, meta, and para polymers. They were studied as photo stabilizers for PVC and compared as the best photostabilizer for PVC. Polyorganosiloxane was invented by various technologies. Polyorganosilanes and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were combined to create homogeneous films. Various methods were used to investigate the effects of long-term irradiation on polyorganosilane-containing films. The development of side products containing polyene and carbonyl groups was observed in the infrared spectra of PVC films before, during, and after irradiation. The absorption bands' intensities of the functional groups associated with the polyorganosilanes were lower when it was present. Furthermore, it was observed that the weight of PVC films dropped less when irradiating them after hybridization with polyorganosilanes. In the presence of polyorganosilanes, there was also a minor alteration in the surface of irradiated PVC. Photodegradation of PVC is inhibited by polyorganosilanes. Hence, the role of polyorganosilanes to stabilize PVC against UV exposure has been studied.
The Multivariate Generalized Linear Hawkes Process in High Dimensions with Applications in Neuroscience
Authors: Fallahi Masomeh , Pourtaheri Reza , Eskandari Farzad
Published: October 2022

The Hawkes process models have been recently become a popular tool for modeling and analysisof neural spike trains. In this article, motivated by neuronal spike trains study, we propose a novelmultivariate generalized linear Hawkes process model, where covariates are included in the intensityfunction. We consider the problem of simultaneous variable selection and estimation for the multivariategeneralized linear Hawkes process in the high-dimensional regime. Estimation of the intensity function ofthe high-dimensional point process is considered within a nonparametric framework, applying B-splinesand the SCAD penalty for matters of sparsity. We apply the Doob-Kolmogorov inequality and themartingale central limit theory to establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the resultingestimators. Finally, we illustrate the performance of our proposal through simulation and demonstrateits utility by applying it to the neuron spike train data set.
Adult focal β-cell nesidioblastosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tu Kui , Zhao Li-Jin , Gu Jin
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:
Nesidioblastosis usually refers to a series of clinical manifestations caused by the proliferation of β-cells in pancreatic islets, and these clinical manifestations are hyperinsulinemia and persistent hypoglycemia. According to the size of the lesion, nesidioblastosis is divided into focal nesidioblastosis, diffuse nesidioblastosis and atypical nesidioblastosis, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Nesidioblastosis is mainly seen in infants and rarely reported in adults, especially focal nesidioblastosis, which is difficult to distinguish from insulinoma.
CASE SUMMARY:
We report a case of adult focal β-cell nesidioblastosis in which the preoperative diagnosis was insulinoma. The patient was a 48-year-old male who suffered from repeated morning and fasting palpitations, sweating, and severe disturbance of consciousness for 5 years. His blood glucose was found to be as low as 1.79 mmol/L during an attack. However, abdominal computed tomography showed no abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated a nodular mass in the head of the pancreas, combined with hyperinsulinemia and high serum C-peptide. The patient was diagnosed with insulinoma and underwent Beger surgery; however, the postoperative pathological results showed nesidioblastosis.
CONCLUSION:
Although surgical resection is the preferred option for nesidioblastosis, some cases can be treated non-surgically. In order to increase clinicians' understanding of nesidioblastosis, it is necessary to review the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
The relationship between personality and musical preferences in college student
Authors: wang xiao , chen tongjun , bao yanmin
Published: October 2022

There is a universal love of music among young people all over the world. In previous studies. In college students, the individual's personality traits and the type of music have been very stable. Individual music preference is influenced by many conditions, Such as age, gender, knowledge structure, and personality traits. This study aims to investigate how people’s personality influence their’s music preferences, A Short Test of Music Preference Questionnaire (STOMP) was succeed in testing foreigners’ musical preferences, excluding certain music genres, showing the same result that the questionnaire has cross-cultural consistency and validity. Overall, the aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between music preference and personality. We found that the personality characteristics of Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness have an important influence on the choice of music preference. At the same time, there is a significant correlation between the Big Five personality traits and music preference choices.
Clinical efficacy of anastomotic reinforcement suture in preventing anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Gang , Qiu Lei , Lu Feng , Fang Guida , Yin Kaihong , Miao Yongchang
Published: October 2022

Background and objectives: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a common postoperative complication of rectal cancer, and the reinforced efficacy of the suture is still contentious. This study aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of anastomotic reinforcement suture in the prevention of anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery using the Meta method.
Methods: We searched eight major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Sinomed, Web of Science, Wanfang, VIP, and CNKI) in July 2022 to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of anastomotic reinforcement suture after rectal cancer surgery. The primary outcome measures were anastomotic leakage rate, anastomotic bleeding rate, and infection rate.
Results: A total of 10 articles and 1573 subjects were included in the study, including 754 cases in the reinforced suture group and 819 cases in the unreinforced suture group. The results showed that compared to the unreinforced suture, the incidence of anastomotic leakage was less (OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.17-0.41, P < 0.001) and the incidence of infection was less (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.88, P < 0.05), shorter hospital stay (MD = -0.57, 95% CI -1.15-0.00, P≤0.05), earlier anal exhaust time (MD = -0.3, 95% CI -0.23--0.03, P < 0.05). The operative time (MD = 18.79, 95% CI: 13.57-24.01, P < 0.001) was higher than that of the unreinforced suture group. There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss (MD = 0.45, 95% CI -6.96-7.87, P > 0.05), incidence of anastomotic bleeding (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.13-1.44, P > 0.05), and incidence rates of intestinal obstruction (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.32-1.57, P > 0.05).
Conclusions: Existing studies indicate that anastomotic reinforcement suture can significantly reduce the incidence of anastomotic leakage, which has the value of clinical promotion. However, this conclusion still needs multicenter high-quality RCTs with a large sample size to further confirm.
Metamorphic and post-settlement success of Holothuria scabra reared on microalgal concentrates compared with live microalgae
Authors: Garpa Tomilyn Jan , Caasi Olivier Josh , Juinio-Meñez Marie Antonette
Published: October 2022

Commercially available microalgae concentrates used in the culture of Holothuria scabra were compared to live microalgae. Larvae were reared under a fixed daily feeding ration of 20,000 cells mL− 1 using three commercial concentrates (Instant Algae®, Reed Mariculture Inc.): TW 1200 (Thalassiosira weisflogii; TW), TISO 1800 (Isochrysis sp.; TISO), and Shellfish 1800 (mixed diatom; SHELL) and compared with live Chaetoceros calcitrans (CC). The efficacy of diets was evaluated based on larval growth, development, and survival to late auricularia (LA) with hyaline spheres (HS) and post settled juveniles. The average size in TISO (855.7 ± 62.67µm) was significantly higher compared with SHELL. In contrast, larvae in TW did not progress beyond middle LA. Development was much better in CC compared to all the microalgal concentrates. Larvae fed CC reached LA stage earlier, attained significantly larger sizes (1028.43 ± 19.38 µm), and have significantly higher incidence and size of HS. Better metamorphic and settlement performance of larvae in CC and SHELL treatment maybe related to the higher carbohydrate content in these feeds. Average post settled juveniles in CC (9,268 ± 2,183.79) were over three times more in SHELL, and an order of magnitude for TISO. Higher costs per juvenile can be largely attributed to the low post settled juvenile yield and longer feeding duration when using microalgae concentrates. The estimated cost of producing each juvenile using SHELL is $0.036 and $0.210 for TISO, compared to $0.009 per juvenile using CC. Opportunities to optimize the use of microalgal concentrates as supplemental feeds are discussed.
Ostrich Eggshell – Hydroxyapatite Composite as a Safe Scaffold with Osteoinductive Properties
Authors: Alahgahi Farideh , Fattahi Esmail , Saeidi Mohsen , Mortazavi Mir Mahmoud
Published: October 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.