bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial factors impacting on life transitions among young adults with type 2 diabetes: an Australian – Danish qualitative study
Authors: Rasmussen B. , Terkildsen Maindal H. , Livingston P. , Dunning T. , Lorentzen V.
Published: June 2015

Background

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) prevalence is increasing rapidly worldwide with a significant increase in young adults. There is limited information about psychosocial and service needs of this group.

Aim

To explore similarities and differences in how psychosocial factors impact on Australian and Danish young adults with T2DM and to identify unmet support needs during life transitions.

Method

A qualitative approach was adopted using thematic content analysis of 26 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews. An inductive descriptive content analysis was undertaken using a comparative coding system.

Findings

Eligible participants were from Australia (12) and Denmark (14), aged 19–42 years who had T2DM for more than 10 months. In general, they reported diabetes management was difficult during transitions and diabetes self‐care routines had to change to accommodate life changes. The underpinning sense of ‘uncertainty’ initiated by life transitions caused guilt that often resulted in low self‐worth, anxiety and depression, which in turn had a negative impact on social and professional relationships. The participants emphasised the importance of connectedness to social networks, particularly with T2DM peers, and the need for flexible access to health professionals, age‐specific tailored support and lower costs for Australians. Australian participants were more concerned than Danish participants about the cost associated with diabetes care and their ability to stay employed; hence, they were reluctant to disclose diabetes at work.

Conclusion

T2DM had a similar impact on life transitions of Australian and Danish young adults with T2DM, suggesting health care needs to encompass managing life transitions. Participants had to cope with uncertainty and the impact of people's responses to diabetes, particularly at work and in relationships. Health professionals are urged to integrate these factors in care plans and education, which must be individualised and focus on the psychosocial aspects that operate during life transitions.
Low‐Hanging Fruit: The Impoverished History of Housing and School Desegregation
Authors: Bonastia Christopher
Published: June 2015

This article assesses the causes and consequences of weak federal enforcement of school and housing desegregation since the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Political actors who acknowledged that state action played a central role in school and residential segregation, and argued that federal, state, and local governments had an obligation to rectify this situation, were uncommon. In examining the efforts of two such individuals—Housing and Urban Development Secretary George Romney and Connecticut Senator Abraham Ribicoff—this article begins to untangle the story of why school desegregation policies rarely reached beyond the most blatant perpetrators of racial separation, and why housing desegregation policies barely got off the ground.
CD56+ T cells are increased in kidney transplant patients following cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Almehmadi M. , Hammad A. , Heyworth S. , Moberly J. , Middleton D. , Hopkins M.J. , Hart I.J. , Christmas S.E.
Published: June 2015

Background

CD56+ T cells previously have been identified as potentially cytotoxic lymphocytes, and relative numbers are increased in some infectious diseases.

Patients and methods

Relative proportions of CD56+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry in groups of renal transplant patients differing in cytomegalovirus (CMV) status of donor (D) and recipient (R). These measurements were related to episodes of CMV viremia.

Results

Patient groups in which recipients (R+) or donors (D+/R−) were CMV+ had significantly higher proportions of CD56+ T cells (5.11 ± 0.69% and 5.42 ± 1.01%, respectively) than the D−/R− group (1.9 ± 0.35%; P = 0.0018 and 0.017, respectively). In the high‐risk D+/R− group, it was found that patients who had post‐transplant CMV viremia had higher levels than those who remained CMV negative (9.09 ± 2.34% vs. 3.16 ± 1.22%; P = 0.01). CD56+ T cells from R+ and D+/R− groups had higher proportions of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells than the D−/R− group. When activation markers were examined, some CD56+ T cells from both CMV+ groups had a TEM phenotype, with significantly more expressing CD45RO and NKG2C, and less expressing CD28, CD62L, CD127, and CD161 compared to the D−/R− group. Some CD56+ T cells showed specificity for CMV antigens and similar proportions of CD8+ cells were positive for class I HLA‐CMV tetramers containing immunodominant CMV peptides compared to the majority CD56− T cells.

Conclusion

The results show significant increases in proportions of CD56+ T cells in relation to CMV infection in renal transplant patients and suggest that these cells have a cytotoxic function against CMV‐infected cells.
A new cell‐free bandage‐type artificial skin for cutaneous wounds
Authors: Aoki Shigehisa , Takezawa Toshiaki , Ikeda Satoshi , Narisawa Yutaka , Oshikata‐Miyazaki Ayumi , Miyauchi Syohei , Hirayama Hiroshi , Sawaguchi Tomoya , Chimuro Tomoyuki , Toda Shuji
Published: June 2015

Engineered skin substitutes are widely used in skin wound management. However, no currently available products satisfy all the criteria of usability in emergency situations, easy handling, and minimal scar formation. To overcome these shortcomings, we designed a cell‐free bandage‐type artificial skin, named “VitriBand” (VB), using adhesive film dressing, silicone‐coated polyethylene terephthalate film, and collagen xerogel membrane defined as a dried collagen vitrigel membrane without free water. We analyzed its advantages over in‐line products by comparing VB with hydrocolloid dressing and collagen sponge. For evaluation, mice inflicted with full‐thickness skin defects were treated with VB, hydrocolloid dressing, and collagen sponge. A plastic film group treated only with adhesive film dressing and silicone‐coated polyethylene terephthalate film, and a no treatment group were also compared. VB promoted epithelization while inhibiting the emergence of myofibroblasts and inflammation in the regenerating tissue more effectively than the plastic film, hydrocolloid dressing, and collagen sponge products. We have succeeded in establishing a cell‐free bandage‐type artificial skin that could serve as a promising first‐line medical biomaterial for emergency treatment of skin injuries in various medical situations.
Effect of Coil Torsion on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Shell and Coil Heat Exchanger
Authors: Salem M. R. , Elshazly K. M. , Sakr R. Y. , Ali R. K.
Published: June 2015

The present work introduces an experimental study of horizontal shell and coil heat exchangers. Characteristics of the convective heat transfer in this type of heat exchangers and the friction factor for fully developed flow through their helically coiled tube (HCT) were investigated. The majority of previous studies were performed on HCTs with isothermal and isoflux boundary conditions or shell and coil heat exchangers with small ranges of HCT configurations and fluid-operating conditions. Here, five heat exchangers of counterflow configuration were constructed with different HCT torsions (λ) and tested at different mass flow rates and inlet temperatures of both sides of the heat exchangers. In total, 295 test runs were performed from which the HCT-side and shell-side heat transfer coefficients were calculated. Results showed that the average Nusselt numbers of both sides of the heat exchangers and the overall heat transfer coefficient increase by decreasing coil torsion. At lower and higher HCT-side Reynolds number (Ret), the average increase in the HCT-side average Nusselt number (Nu¯t) is of 108.7% and 58.6%, respectively, when λ decreases from 0.1348 to 0.0442. While, at lower and higher shell-side Reynolds number (Resh), the average increase in the shell-side average Nusselt number (Nu¯sh) is of 173.9% and 69.5%, respectively, when λ decreases from 0.1348 to 0.0442. In addition, a slight increase of 6.4% is obtained in the HCT Fanning friction factor (fc) at lower Ret when λ decreases from 0.1348 to 0.0442, and this effect vanishes with increasing Ret. Furthermore, correlations for Nu¯t, Nu¯sh, and fc are obtained.
The scaffold protein RACK1 mediates the RANKL-dependent activation of p38 MAPK in osteoclast precursors
Authors: Lin Jingjing , Lee Daekee , Choi Yongwon , Lee Soo Young
Published: June 2015

Formation of bone-degrading osteoclasts depends on the scaffold protein RACK1, providing a target for osteoporosis therapy.
Taking Shh signaling up a Notch
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: June 2015

Notch signaling promotes accumulation of Sonic hedgehog signaling components in the primary cilium to specify ventral neural cell fates.
Innervation under microRNA control
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: June 2015

A microRNA cluster directly and indirectly affects the function of PTEN to promote the survival of developing motor neurons.
Marine plankton communicate with lipids
Authors: Prabakaran Sudhakaran
Published: June 2015

In marine ecosystems, phytoplankton produce neurotoxic alkaloids in response to lipids secreted by predatory zooplankton.
Compensating for the heat
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: June 2015

A lipid hydrogenase sequesters fatty acids to allow nematodes to maintain normal membrane fluidity under high temperatures.
Stretching cell sheets promotes proliferation
Authors: Hurtley Stella M.
Published: June 2015

Pulling on cell sheets encourages the cells to reenter the cell cycle.
Giving translation rhythm
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: June 2015

Circadian changes in phosphorylation drive rhythmic translation of clock-regulating proteins.
Lifestyle Evolution in Cyanobacterial Symbionts of Sponges
Authors: Burgsdorf Ilia , Slaby Beate M. , Handley Kim M. , Haber Markus , Blom Jochen , Marshall Christopher W. , Gilbert Jack A. , Hentschel Ute , Steindler Laura
Published: June 2015

The “
Candidatus
Synechococcus spongiarum” group includes different clades of cyanobacteria with high 16S rRNA sequence identity (~99%) and is the most abundant and widespread cyanobacterial symbiont of marine sponges. The first draft genome of a “
Ca.
Synechococcus spongiarum” group member was recently published, providing evidence of genome reduction by loss of genes involved in several nonessential functions. However, “
Ca.
Synechococcus spongiarum” includes a variety of clades that may differ widely in genomic repertoire and consequently in physiology and symbiotic function. Here, we present three additional draft genomes of “
Ca.
Synechococcus spongiarum,” each from a different clade. By comparing all four symbiont genomes to those of free-living cyanobacteria, we revealed general adaptations to life inside sponges and specific adaptations of each phylotype. Symbiont genomes shared about half of their total number of coding genes. Common traits of “
Ca.
Synechococcus spongiarum” members were a high abundance of DNA modification and recombination genes and a reduction in genes involved in inorganic ion transport and metabolism, cell wall biogenesis, and signal transduction mechanisms. Moreover, these symbionts were characterized by a reduced number of antioxidant enzymes and low-weight peptides of photosystem II compared to their free-living relatives. Variability within the “
Ca.
Synechococcus spongiarum” group was mostly related to immune system features, potential for siderophore-mediated iron transport, and dependency on methionine from external sources. The common absence of genes involved in synthesis of residues, typical of the O antigen of free-living
Synechococcus
species, suggests a novel mechanism utilized by these symbionts to avoid sponge predation and phage attack.

IMPORTANCE
While the
Synechococcus
/
Prochlorococcus
-type cyanobacteria are widely distributed in the world's oceans, a subgroup has established its niche within marine sponge tissues. Recently, the first genome of sponge-associated cyanobacteria, “
Candidatus
Synechococcus spongiarum,” was described. The sequencing of three representatives of different clades within this cyanobacterial group has enabled us to investigate intraspecies diversity, as well as to give a more comprehensive understanding of the common symbiotic features that adapt “
Ca.
Synechococcus spongiarum” to its life within the sponge host.
A rare presentation of complication arising from Meckel's diverticulum in the form of diverticulotransverse colonic fistula in an adult
Authors: Lo Tammy , Sagar Jayesh , Trickett Jonathan
Published: June 2015

Meckel's diverticulum is a common congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract, reported to be present in 2–4% of the population. Although most patients with Meckel's diverticulum remain asymptomatic throughout life, reports of acute inflammation, perforation, haemorrhage, intussusception, intestinal obstruction, vesicodiverticular fistulae and primary tumours are described. We present a rare diagnosis of diverticulotransverse colonic fistula and its management.
Transitions in Parkinson's disease in primary care: protocol of a longitudinal mixed methods study
Authors: Plouvier Annette O A , Olde Hartman Tim C , van Weel Chris , Bloem Bastiaan R , Lagro-Janssen Antoine L M
Published: June 2015

Introduction

Parkinson's disease affects many aspects of the lives of patients and their relatives. Patients must adapt continuously to disabilities that necessitate changes in (medical) support, such as domestic adjustments, involvement of (non)professional caregivers or admission to hospital. Such changes mark a transition: a transfer of a patient between levels or locations of care. Transitions are likely to be multifold and complex, given that Parkinson's disease care extends across all echelons of healthcare. Patients and relatives are vulnerable during a transition, which imposes risks for their safety and quality of life. Guidance by the general practitioner, who knows the preferences of the patient, can help to overcome challenges associated with a transition. However, patient-centred primary care requires insight into the transitions patients with Parkinson's disease encounter. We aim to examine these transitions and the way patients, relatives and general practitioners experience them and cope with them. Moreover, we will study the patients’ expectations of their general practitioner during a transition and the general practitioners’ views on their role.

Methods and analysis

A longitudinal mixed methods study will be conducted, using qualitative research methods combined with quantitative data as a validated questionnaire on quality of life. Patients will be asked to make a video diary every 2 weeks for a period of 1 year. Once they encounter a transition, patients and their general practitioners will be interviewed to identify causes and consequences of the transition. The verbatim transcripts of the videos and interviews will be analysed according to the principles of constant comparative analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was not needed according to Dutch legislation. Informed consent of patients, relatives and general practitioners will be obtained. We will disseminate the results in peer-reviewed journals, at research conferences and on the website of the Dutch Parkinson's Disease Association.
Ibandronate to treat skeletal-related events and bone pain in metastatic bone disease or multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Geng Chun-Jing , Liang Qian , Zhong Jian-Hong , Zhu Min , Meng Fan-Ying , Wu Ning , Liang Rui , Yuan Bin-Yi
Published: June 2015

Objective

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have given contradictory results about the efficacy and safety of ibandronate in treating metastatic bone disease (MBD) or multiple myeloma. This review meta-analysed the literature to gain a more comprehensive picture.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis of ibandronate compared with placebo or zoledronate.

Data sources

PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify RCTs published up to March 2015 evaluating ibandronate to treat MBD or multiple myeloma.

Review method

10 RCTs involving 3474 patients were included. Six RCTs were placebo-controlled and four compared ibandronate with zoledronate. The studies included in this review were mainly from European countries.

Results

Intravenous ibandronate (6 mg) or oral drug (50 mg) decreased the risk of skeletal-related events compared to placebo (risk ratio (RR) 0.80, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.90, p=0.002). It also reduced the bone pain score below baseline significantly more than did placebo at 96 weeks (weighted mean difference −0.41, 95% CI −0.56 to −0.27, p<0.001). The incidence of diarrhoea, nausea and adverse renal events was similar between the ibandronate and placebo groups, but ibandronate was associated with greater risk of abdominal pain. Ibandronate was associated with similar risk of skeletal-related events as another bisphosphonate drug, zoledronate (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.26, p=0.87). The incidence of nausea, jaw osteonecrosis and fatigue was similar for the two drugs, but the incidence of adverse renal events was significantly lower in the ibandronate group.

Conclusions

Ibandronate significantly reduces the incidence of skeletal-related events and bone pain in patients with MBD or multiple myeloma relative to placebo. It is associated with a similar incidence of skeletal-related events as zoledronate.
Perinatal risk factors for premature ischaemic heart disease in a Swedish national cohort
Authors: Zöller Bengt , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Crump Casey
Published: June 2015

Objective

Several studies have reported associations between restricted fetal development, as shown by birth weight or birth length, and later ischaemic heart disease (IHD). However, few studies have examined the importance of these perinatal factors when taking into account gestational age at birth, hereditary factors, sociodemographic factors and comorbidities. This study investigated the importance of perinatal risk factors for premature IHD and myocardial infarction (MI) in a large Swedish cohort.

Setting and participants

National cohort study of 1 970 869 individuals who were live-born in Sweden in 1973 through 1992, and followed up to 2010 (ages 18–38 years).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The main outcome was IHD, and the secondary outcome was MI.

Results

A total of 668 individuals were diagnosed with IHD in 18.8 million person-years of follow-up. After adjusting for gestational age at birth, sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and family history of IHD, low fetal growth was associated with increased risk of IHD (HR for <−2 vs −1 to <1 SD, 1.54; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.07; p=0.004) and increased risk of MI (HR for <−2 vs −1 to <1 SD, 2.48; 95% CI 1.66 to 3.71; p<0.001) in young adulthood. In contrast, gestational age at birth was not associated with the risk of IHD or MI.

Conclusions

In this large national cohort, low fetal growth was strongly associated with IHD and MI in young adulthood, independently of gestational age at birth, sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and family history of IHD.
Association between diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis: systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Louati Karine , Vidal Céline , Berenbaum Francis , Sellam Jérémie
Published: June 2015

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and prevalence of DM in patients with OA and whether OA and DM are associated.

Design

A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. We included cohort, case–control and cross-sectional studies assessing the number of patients with DM and/or OA. The mean prevalence of OA among patients with DM and DM among patients with OA was calculated. Data from trials assessing an association of diabetes and OA were pooled and results are presented as unadjusted OR and 95% CI.

Results

From the 299 publications, we included 49 studies in the analysis, including 28 cross-sectional studies, 11 cohort studies and 10 case–control studies. In all, 21, 5 and 23 articles involved patients with OA exclusively, patients with DM and the general population, respectively. For 5788 patients with DM, the mean OA prevalence was 29.5±1.2%. For 645 089 patients with OA, the prevalence of DM was 14.4±0.1%. The risk of OA was greater in the DM than non-DM population (OR=1.46 (1.08 to 1.96), p=0.01), as was DM in the OA than non-OA population (OR=1.41 (1.21 to 1.65), p<0.00 001). Among the 12 studies reporting an OR adjusted on at least the body mass index, 5 showed no association of DM and OA and 7 identified DM as an independent risk factor.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis highlights a high frequency of OA in patients with DM and an association between both diseases, representing a further step towards the individualisation of DM-related OA within a metabolic OA phenotype.
Geological setting of vertebrate microfossil localities across the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary in southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Redman Cory M. , Gardner James D. , Scott Craig S. , Braman Dennis R.
Published: June 2015

The Frenchman and Ravenscrag formations of southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada, record an apparently continuous sequence of nonmarine clastic sediments across the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary. Extensive exposures of these fossil-rich sediments occur in the Frenchman River Valley, near the towns of Ravenscrag, Eastend, and Shaunavon, and have been a focus of study since the 1970s. Despite this long history of investigation, a comprehensive account of the geographic and stratigraphic positions of many of the significant fossil localities has yet to be published. Given this state of affairs, the goals of this paper are to (i) document the geographic locations, stratigraphic positions, and lithologies of 11 key vertebrate microfossil localities, including several new localities that have been recently discovered, and (ii) provide an update on the status of these fossil localities, the majority of which have not been sampled in the last 20 years. Four fossil localities are known from the lower Paleocene Ravenscrag Formation, all of which are Puercan in age: Rav W-1 (Pu2), French Fry (Pu1), Croc Pot (?Pu2), and Pine Cree (?Pu2). With the exception of Rav W-1, which has since been lost as a consequence of quarry reclamation, all of the Ravenscrag Formation localities remain accessible and continue to be productive. Seven vertebrate microfossil localities from the upper Maastrichtian Frenchman Formation are reported here, all of which are Lancian in age: Long Fall, Fr-1, By Gar Gap, Hairpin, Wounded Knee, Wounded C, and Gryde. With the exception of Long Fall and Wounded Knee, which have been lost through reclamation or construction, all of the Frenchman Formation localities are accessible and remain productive.
A diaminopimelic acid auxotrophicEscherichia colidonor provides improved counterselection following intergeneric conjugation with actinomycetes
Authors: Allard Nancy , Garneau Daniel , Poulin-Laprade Dominic , Burrus Vincent , Brzezinski Ryszard , Roy Sébastien
Published: June 2015

Considering the medical, biotechnological, and economical importance of actinobacteria, there is a continuous need to improve the tools for genetic engineering of a broad range of these microorganisms. Intergeneric conjugation has proven to be a valuable yet imperfect tool for this purpose. The natural resistance of many actinomycetes to nalidixic acid (Nal) is generally exploited to eliminate the sensitive Escherichia coli donor strain following conjugation. Nevertheless, Nal can delay growth and have other unexpected effects on the recipient strain. To provide an improved alternative to antibiotics, we propose a postconjugational counterselection using a diaminopimelic acid (DAP) auxotrophic donor strain. The DAP-negative phenotype was obtained by introducing a dapA deletion into the popular methylase-negative donor strain E. coli ET12567/pUZ8002. The viability of ET12567 and its ΔdapA mutant exposed to DAP deprivation or Nal selection were compared in liquid pure culture and after mating with Streptomyces coelicolor. Results showed that death of the E. coli ΔdapA Nal-sensitive donor strain occurred more efficiently when subjected to DAP deprivation than when exposed to Nal. Our study shows that postconjugational counterselection based on DAP deprivation circumvents the use of antibiotics and will facilitate the transfer of plasmids into actinomycetes with high biotechnological potential, yet currently not accessible to conjugative techniques.
Many-body effects on the resistivity of a multi-orbital system beyond Landau's Fermi-liquid theory
Authors: Arakawa Naoya
Published: June 2015

I review many-body effects on the resistivity of a multi-orbital system beyond Landau's Fermi-liquid (FL) theory. Landau's FL theory succeeds in describing electronic properties of some correlated electron systems at low temperatures. However, the behaviors deviating from the temperature dependence in the FL, non-FL-like behaviors, emerge near a magnetic quantum-critical point (QCP). These indicate the importance of many-body effects beyond Landau's FL theory. Those effects in multi-orbital systems have been little understood, although their understanding is important to deduce ubiquitous properties of correlated electron systems and characteristic properties of multi-orbital systems. To improve this situation, I formulate the resistivity of a multi-orbital Hubbard model using the extended Éliashberg theory and adopt this method to the inplane resistivity of quasi-two-dimensional paramagnetic ruthenates in combination with the fluctuation-exchange approximation including the current vertex corrections arising from the self-energy and Maki–Thompson term. The results away from and near the antiferromagnetic QCP reproduce the temperature dependence observed in Sr 2 RuO 4 and Sr 2 Ru 0.075 Ti 0.025 O 4, respectively. I highlight the importance of not only the momentum and the temperature dependence of the damping of a quasiparticle but also its orbital dependence in discussing the resistivity of correlated electron systems.
Exploring highly-efficient routing strategy on scale-free networks with limited and diverse node capacity
Authors: Zhang Hui , Jiang Zhong-Yuan , He Xuan , Zhang Shuai
Published: June 2015

Since the delivery capacity of each node is neither uniform nor strictly proportional to the degree in many real networked systems such as the Internet, we consider the node capacity is composed of a small uniform fraction and a large degree dependent proportion. By comparing the optimal routing strategy [B. Danila, Y. Yu, J. A. Marsh and K. E. Bassler, Phys. Rev. E 74 (2006) 046106; B. Danila, Y. Yu, J. A. Marsh and K. E. Bassler, Chaos 17 (2007) 026102] with the shortest path routing (SPR), the results show that the OR appears to be not efficient enough to enhance network traffic capacity. Then the efficient betweenness defined as the average betweenness for per delivery capacity is employed, and a so-called highly-efficient routing (HER) strategy is proposed. By iteratively minimizing the maximum efficient betweenness of any node in the network, the highest traffic capacity is achieved at the cost of a little average path lengthening. This work is very useful for network service providers to optimize the weight of each link incrementally to improve whole network transport ability.
MLHN: A Hypernetwork Model for Multi-Label Classification
Authors: Sun Kai-Wei , Lee Chong Ho , Xie Xiao-Feng
Published: June 2015

Multi-label classification has attracted significant attentions in machine learning. In multi-label classification, exploiting correlations among labels is an essential but nontrivial task. First, labels may be correlated in various degrees. Second, the scalability may suffer from the large number of labels, because the number of combinations among labels grows exponentially as the number of labels increases. In this paper, a multi-label hypernetwork (MLHN) is proposed to deal with these problems. By extending the traditional hypernetwork model, MLHN can represent arbitrary order correlations among labels. The classification model of MLHN is simple and the computational complexity of MLHN is linear with respect to the number of labels, which contribute to the good scalability of MLHN. We perform experiments on a variety of datasets. The results illustrate that the proposed MLHN achieves competitive performances against state-of-the-art multi-label classification algorithms in terms of both effectiveness and scalability with respect to the number of labels.
Spatial solitons in a medium with lumped amplification and dissipation
Authors: Aysha Muhsina K. , Subha P. A.
Published: June 2015

This work analyzes the dynamics of two-dimensional spatial solitons in dissipative graded index Kerr media, analytically and numerically. The dynamics of two-dimensional spatial solitons has been studied in a medium with lumped amplification. The presence of lumped amplification in the medium results in the formation of soliton like waves called similaritons. The spatial soliton dynamics has been studied in a dissipative medium. In a dissipative graded index Kerr medium, the balancing between the coefficients of constant dissipation and lumped amplification results in the stabilization of the beam. The beam dynamics has also been studied by varying amplification coefficients with propagation distance. Hyperbolic, linear, and exponential amplification profiles are considered. When amplification coefficient varies with propagation distance, the beam gets compressed. The beam compression is higher in the case of exponential amplification profile than that of hyperbolic and linear amplification profiles.
Enhanced and controllable nonlinear effects in composite with aligned gold spheroid arrays
Authors: Ye Libing , Guo Jun , Jiang Leyong , Dai Xiaoyu
Published: June 2015

The linear and nonlinear optical properties of composite containing aligned prolate spheroid nanoparticles embedded in a dielectric host are studied as a function of depolarization factor. It is shown that the effective third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the composite can be significantly enhanced with respect to the linear optical properties, due to a combination of varying nanoparticle shape and interparticle space. The susceptibility enhancement is up to four orders larger compared to the spherical case. The susceptibility enhancement of the host is finally comparable to the inclusion after choosing property structure parameters. The geometry-dependent susceptibility enhancement can lead to an improved figure of merit for nonlinear absorption.
CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURE AND MIGRATION: EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH
Authors: IQBAL KAZI , ROY PARITOSH K.
Published: June 2015

Changes in climatic variables influence households' decision regarding livelihood options and strategies to mitigate income shocks. Migration is one of the most frequently adopted coping strategies that affected people use. This paper studies how the changes in climatic variables such as temperature and rainfall impact migration through agriculture. Using district level data (64 districts) for three inter-census periods (1974–1980, 1981–1990 and 1991–2000), fixed effect (FE) and IV results show that uncertainty about changes in temperature and rainfall impacts migration through agricultural productivity. We found that a one standard deviation decrease in real per capita revenue increases net out-migration rates by 1.4% to 2.4%. The results suggest a predicted increase in rainfall uncertainty would increase net out-migration rates by 20% in 2030 relative to 1990, assuming that there will be no behavioral response from the farmers.
TEMPERATURE INCREASE, LABOR SUPPLY AND COST OF ADAPTATION IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: EVIDENCE ON URBAN WORKERS IN INFORMAL SECTORS
Authors: DAS SAUDAMINI
Published: June 2015

Heat wave impact on labor supply is less researched, though workers in exposed occupations have been seriously impacted in recent years, especially in developing economies. The paper identifies labor reallocation and coping strategies of poor urban workers on a heat wave day compared to a normal summer day by surveying informal sector workers who work in the open. The workers are found to forgo 1.19 h of work time and 0.46 h of family time and use these extra 1.65 h to rest more on heat wave days to adapt to heat stress. They resort to other adaptations like eating appropriate food with high water content, keeping their house cool by repeated wiping of floor using cooling ingredients, covering the roof of their living space with paddy straw, putting thick grass curtains, using fans for longer hours etc. These adaptations including the work time loss costs around INR 195 per heat wave day to a household, which is, on average, 2.7% of their monthly income. The paper approximates the private adaptation costs of informal sector workers to heat waves.
DON'T PUT ALL YOUR EGGS ON ONE BASKET: THE LESSON FROM DETROIT'S BANKRUPTCY
Authors: LIN YU PENG
Published: June 2015

After struggled for nearly 50 years, the city of Detroit filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy on 18 July, 2013 and emerged from court protection on 10 December, 2014 brining to a close the largest municipal bankruptcy in American history after 17 months. In this research, we argue that the failure of Detroit is collectively attributed to the lack of a well-thought industry strategy. We structure a conceptual framework relating a city's industry mix to the population growth and its human capital stock. The stock of human capital is not only an outcome of the industry strategy but it feeds back to the industry portfolio. By using a time series data, we show a significant impact of the market share of the Detroit Three on the employment of the traditional industries in the Detroit area. The education attainment of the adult population in Detroit suggests a stagnant trend since 2005. Our empirical evidence jointly implies that an un-diversified industry portfolio of a city not only intensifies the correlation between its economic fate with the fluctuation of the focused industry but it also generates barriers to upgrade its work force and as a result, rebalancing its industry mix becomes difficult.
Open and Original Problems in Software Language Engineering 2015 Workshop Report
Authors: Bagge Anya Helene , Zaytsev Vadim
Published: June 2015

OOPSLE is a workshop co-located with a re-engineering conference and serving as a venue for software language engineers to meet outside the SLE conference to discuss either long-standing problems that remain unresolved for years or decades, or oftavoided problems that everyone is so used to work around that they stop noticing them at all. In 2015, it ran for the third time. The list of topics discussed at the workshop, included transformation in the presence of Boolean grammars, natural language software interfaces, formally supported model management, community-aware language design, domain-specific language design choices and uncertainty-aware development. A report such as this one was requested by the participants, but more condensed and general information can be found on our official webpage at http://oopsle.github.io
Report on the First PhD and Young Researchers Warm Up Symposium for ICSE 2017
Authors: Garcia Alessandro , Gheyi Rohit , Ribeiro Marcio , Uchitel Sebastian
Published: June 2015

We report here on the First PhD and Young Researchers Warm Up Symposium for the International Conference on Software Engineering 2017 that will be held in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
An Adaptive Learning Approach for Efficient Resource Provisioning in Cloud Services
Authors: Tan Yue , Xia Cathy H.
Published: June 2015

The emerging cloud computing service market aims at delivering computing resources as a utility over the Internet with a high quality. It has evolving unknown demand that is typically highly uncertain. Traditional provisioning methods either make idealized assumption of the demand distribution or rely on extensive offline statistical analysis of historical data. In this paper, we present an online adaptive learning approach to address the optimal resource provisioning problem. Based on a stochastic loss model of the cloud services, we formulate the provisioning problem from a revenue management perspective, and present a stochastic gradient-based learning algorithm that adaptively adjusts the provisioning solution as observations of the demand are continuously made. We show that our adaptive learning algorithm guarantees optimality and demonstrate through simulation that they can adapt quickly to non-stationary demand.
Multi-resource Fair Sharing for Multiclass Workflows
Authors: Tan Jian , Zhang Li , Li Min , Wang Yandong
Published: June 2015

Multi-resource sharing for concurrent workows necessitates a fairness criteria to allocate multiple resources to work-flows with heterogeneous demands. Recently, this problem has attracted increasing attention and has been investigated by assuming that each workow has a single class of jobs and that each class contains jobs of the same demand profile. The demand profile of a class represents the required multi-resources of a job. However, for typical applications in cloud computing and distributed data processing systems, a workow usually needs to process multiple classes of jobs. Relying on the concept of slowdown, we characterize fairness for multi-resource sharing and address scheduling for multiclass workows. We optimize the mixture of different classes of jobs for a workow as optimal operation points to achieve the least slowdown, and discuss desirable properties for these operation points. These studies assume that the jobs are infinitely divisible.

When jobs are non-preemptive and indivisible, any fairness criteria that only relies on the instantaneous resource allocation cannot be strictly maintained at every time point. To this end, we relax the instantaneous fairness to an average metric within a time interval. This relaxation introduces a time average to fairness and allows occasional, but not too often, violations of instantaneous fairness. In addition, it brings exibility and opportunities for further optimization on resource utilization, e.g., using bin-packing, within the constraint on fairness.
Optimal Map Reduce Job Capacity Allocation in Cloud Systems
Authors: Malekimajd Marzieh , Ardagna Danilo , Ciavotta Michele , Rizzi Alessandro Maria , Passacantando Mauro
Published: June 2015

We are entering a Big Data world. Many sectors of our economy are now guided by data-driven decision processes. Big Data and business intelligence applications are facilitated by the MapReduce programming model while, at infrastructural layer, cloud computing provides flexible and cost effective solutions for allocating on demand large clusters. Capacity allocation in such systems is a key challenge to provide performance for MapReduce jobs and minimize cloud resource costs. The contribution of this paper is twofold: (i) we provide new upper and lower bounds for MapReduce job execution time in shared Hadoop clusters, (ii) we formulate a linear programming model able to minimize cloud resources costs and job rejection penalties for the execution of jobs of multiple classes with (soft) deadline guarantees. Simulation results show how the execution time of MapReduce jobs falls within 14% of our upper bound on average. Moreover, numerical analyses demonstrate that our method is able to determine the global optimal solution of the linear problem for systems including up to 1,000 user classes in less than 0.5 seconds.
Contractile function and energy metabolism of skeletal muscle in rats with secondary carnitine deficiency
Authors: Roberts Paul A. , Bouitbir Jamal , Bonifacio Annalisa , Singh François , Kaufmann Priska , Urwyler Albert , Krähenbühl Stephan
Published: June 2015

The consequences of carnitine depletion upon metabolic and contractile characteristics of skeletal muscle remain largely unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the effect of N-trimethyl-hydrazine-3-propionate (THP) administration, a carnitine analog inhibiting carnitine biosynthesis and renal reabsorption of carnitine, on skeletal muscle function and energy metabolism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard rat chow in the absence (CON; n = 8) or presence of THP ( n = 8) for 3 wk. Following treatment, rats were fasted for 24 h prior to excision of their soleus and EDL muscles for biochemical characterization at rest and following 5 min of contraction in vitro. THP treatment reduced the carnitine pool by ∼80% in both soleus and EDL muscles compared with CON. Carnitine depletion was associated with a 30% decrease soleus muscle weight, whereas contractile function (expressed per gram of muscle), free coenzyme A, and water content remained unaltered from CON. Muscle fiber distribution and fiber area remained unaffected, whereas markers of apoptosis were increased in soleus muscle of THP-treated rats. In EDL muscle, carnitine depletion was associated with reduced free coenzyme A availability (−25%, P < 0.05), impaired peak tension development (−44%, P < 0.05), and increased glycogen hydrolysis (52%, P < 0.05) during muscle contraction, whereas PDC activation, muscle weight, and water content remained unaltered from CON. In conclusion, myopathy associated with carnitine deficiency can have different causes. Although muscle atrophy, most likely due to increased apoptosis, is predominant in muscle composed predominantly of type I fibers (soleus), disturbance of energy metabolism appears to be the major cause in muscle composed of type II fibers (EDL).
Histone Deacetylases Inhibitors in the Treatment of Retinal Degenerative Diseases: Overview and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Hua , Dai Xufeng , Qi Yan , He Ying , Du Wei , Pang Ji-jing
Published: June 2015

Retinal degenerative diseases are one of the important refractory ophthalmic diseases, featured with apoptosis of photoreceptor cells. Histone acetylation and deacetylation can regulate chromosome assembly, gene transcription, and posttranslational modification, which are regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. The histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have the ability to cause hyperacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins, resulting in a variety of effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Several HDACis have been approved for clinical trials to treat cancer. Studies have shown that HDACis have neuroprotective effects in nervous system damage. In this paper, we will summarize the neuroprotective effects of common HDACis in retinal degenerative diseases and make a prospect to the applications of HDACis in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases in the future.
Monte Carlo Calculation of Radioimmunotherapy with90Y-,177Lu-,131I-,124I-, and188Re-Nanoobjects: Choice of the Best Radionuclide for Solid Tumour Treatment by Using TCP and NTCP Concepts
Authors: Lucas S. , Feron O. , Gallez B. , Masereel B. , Michiels C. , Vander Borght T.
Published: June 2015

Radioimmunotherapy has shown that the use of monoclonal antibodies combined with a radioisotope like131I or90Y still remains ineffective for solid and radioresistant tumour treatment. Previous simulations have revealed that an increase in the number of90Y labelled to each antibody or nanoobject could be a solution to improve treatment output. It now seems important to assess the treatment output and toxicity when radionuclides such as90Y,177Lu,131I,124I, and188Re are used. Tumour control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) curves versus the number of radionuclides per nanoobject were computed with MCNPX to evaluate treatment efficacy for solid tumours and to predict the incidence of surrounding side effects. Analyses were carried out for two solid tumour sizes of 0.5 and 1.0 cm radius and for nanoobject (i.e., a radiolabelled antibody) distributed uniformly or nonuniformly throughout a solid tumour (e.g., Non-small-cell-lung cancer (NSCLC)).90Y and188Re are the best candidates for solid tumour treatment when only one radionuclide is coupled to one carrier. Furthermore, regardless of the radionuclide properties, high values of TCP can be reached without toxicity if the number of radionuclides per nanoobject increases.
The Effect of Development in Respiratory Sensory Gating Measured by Electrocortical Activations
Authors: Chan Pei-Ying S. , Cheng Chia-Hsiung , von Leupoldt Andreas
Published: June 2015

The perception of respiratory sensations can be of significant importance to individuals for survival and greatly impact quality of life. Respiratory sensory gating, similar to somatosensory gating with exteroceptive stimuli, is indicative of brain cortices filtering out repetitive respiratory stimuli and has been investigated in adults with and without diseases. Respiratory gating can be tested with the respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP) method in the electroencephalogram with a paired inspiratory occlusion paradigm. Here, the RREP N1 component elicited by the second stimulus (S2) shows reduced amplitudes compared to the RREP N1 component elicited by the first stimulus (S1). However, little is known regarding the effect of development on respiratory sensory gating. The present study examined respiratory sensory gating in 22 typically developed school-aged children and 22 healthy adults. Paired inspiratory occlusions of 150-ms each with an inter-stimulus-interval of 500-ms were delivered randomly every 2–4 breaths during recording. The main results showed a significantly larger RREP N1 S2/S1 ratio in the children group than in the adult group. In addition, children compared to adults demonstrated significantly smaller N1 peak amplitudes in response to S1. Our results suggest that school-aged children, compared to adults, display reduced respiratory sensory gating.
Computation of Trajectories and Displacement Fields in a Three-Dimensional Ternary Diffusion Couple: Parabolic Transform Method
Authors: Danielewski Marek , Leszczyński Henryk
Published: June 2015

The problem of Kirkendall’s trajectories in finite, three- and one-dimensional ternary diffusion couples is studied. By means of the parabolic transformation method, we calculate the solute field, the Kirkendall marker velocity, and displacement fields. The velocity field is generally continuous and can be integrated to obtain a displacement field that is continuous everywhere. Special features observed experimentally and reported in the literature are also studied: (i) multiple Kirkendall’s planes where markers placed on an initial compositional discontinuity of the diffusion couple evolve into two locations as a result of the initial distribution, (ii) multiple Kirkendall’s planes where markers placed on an initial compositional discontinuity of the diffusion couple move into two locations due to composition dependent mobilities, and (iii) a Kirkendall plane that coincides with the interphase interface. The details of the deformation (material trajectories) in these special situations are given using both methods and are discussed in terms of the stress-free strain rate associated with the Kirkendall effect. Our nonlinear transform generalizes the diagonalization method by Krishtal, Mokrov, Akimov, and Zakharov, whose transform of diffusivities was linear.
Bilateral Maternal Pelvic Kidneys Presenting as a Tumor Previa: Sonographic Diagnosis and Obstetric Management
Authors: Weiner Eran , Haratz Karina , Ram Maya , Leibovitz Zvi
Published: June 2015

Renal ectopia occurs when the kidney fails to ascend normally to the retroperitoneal renal fossa. Bilateral cases have also been reported but are very rare. Pregnancy and labor with maternal renal ectopia provides a unique challenge to the obstetricians attempting to prevent damage to the kidneys during labor and allow safe delivery. We describe a case of congenital bilateral pelvic kidneys assessed and diagnosed by 3D sonography as “tumor previa” and managed accordingly.