bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous closure of full thickness macular hole in the presence of an epiretinal membrane in a vitrectomised eye. A Case Report
Authors: Siddiqui Rehman , Muhammad Umar Fawad  , Nida Ahsan
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To report a case of spontaneous closure of full thickness macular hole (FTMH) in the presence of an epiretinal membrane (ERM) in a previously vitrectomized eye.
Case: The patient underwent vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and developed an epiretinal membrane 2 weeks after the surgery which laterconverted into a full thickness macular hole after 1 week.The aperture and base diameter of FTMH was recorded.
Result: Eight months after vitrectomy, spontaneous closure of FTMH was observed with an improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). These findings remained stable at 21 months of follow-up, with an additional increase in BCVA.
Conclusion: Spontaneous closure of FTMH is possible even in the presence of an ERM. Follow up examination with optical coherence tomography(OCT) may be considered before surgery for FTMH, particularly if the surgery is scheduled after a few weeks.
Key Words: FTMH, Epiretinal Membrane, Vitrectomy for RRD,
Continuous...
La lectofobia y hábito de lectura
Authors: Soriano Delfi Andrelina
Published: October 2021

Este estudio surge porque a los estudiantes no les gusta leer o realizan muy poco esta actividad. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar la metodología implementada por los docentes en el desarrollo de hábitos de lectura y reflexionar en su eficacia contrastada con la lectofobia, siendo esta una actitud real en los estudiantes. Este estudio busca abordar las siguientes interrogantes: ¿qué acciones realizan los docentes para desarrollar hábitos de lectura? ¿Tienen hábito de leer los maestros, qué leen y con qué frecuencia lo hacen? ¿Valoran los estudiantes la lectura? ¿Son lectofóbicos los estudiantes? La población participante de este estudio son los estudiantes y maestros de dos centros educativos del Distrito 15-05. Este es un estudio de campo con un enfoque mixto y transversal. Los datos serán recogidos a través de dos cuestionarios: uno destinado a los maestros y otro a los estudiantes. También se realizó un grupo focal con los estudiantes y se aplicó una guía de observación de una clase donde se realiza una lectura. El 66% de los estudiantes consultados no percibe una función significativa al leer, razón por la que no leen con frecuencia o no les gusta leer y por consiguiente la rechazan.
Инглиз тилини ўқитиш жараёнида номутахассис ўқитувчиларнинг коммуникатив фаолиятини ривожлантиришнинг мотивацион моҳияти
Authors: Турсунназарова Эльвира
Published: October 2021

Мақолада инглиз тилини ўқитиш жараёнида номутахассис ўқитувчиларнинг коммуникатив фаолиятини ривожлантиришнинг мотивацион моҳияти ҳақида фикр юритилган.
Apports de la télésérie à l’amélioration de la compétence d’expression orale du FLE à l’école normale.
Authors: Afari E. S. K. , Yegblemenawo C. A. A.
Published: October 2021

Following series of observation and interactions with French students in Gbewaa College of Education, Pusiga, it was discovered that the said students find it difficult expressing themselves orally using the most basic sentences in French. This raises serious concerns about the teaching strategies being employed in teaching and learning of the French language in the Colleges of Education. To address this difficulty, this research was conducted with the main objective to examine the impact of the use of serial movies as teaching aid on oral expression of French language learners in Colleges of Education in Ghana with the aid of smartphones. The data were gathered from the Department of French in Gbewaa Colleges of Education. Three instruments (observation, interview and test) were used in this research. A two group (control and experimental) experimental design was adopted. The mean scores of participants‟ pre-test and post-test were compared to verify if the use of serial movies in French lessons could enhance the learners‟ oral communication skills. It was discovered that the use of serial movies in teaching French boosts learners‟ performance in oral communication. The research hence recommends that serial movies could be used in teaching French language lessons in order to enhance the oral communication competencies among learners
Lexical Gaps and Ideological Shift in the Translation of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart as “Le Monde S’effondrein French”
Authors: Negedu Angelinus Kwame
Published: October 2021

In translating Chinua Achebe‟s Things Fall Apart, Michel Ligny translates directly Igbo terminologies, realities and beliefs into the French language. This has contributed greatly in the preservation of the beauty and authenticity of the original text. However, the title of the novel is domesticated by Michel Ligny to present a different ideology. Within the framework of Lawrence Venuti (2004) theory of domestication and foreignization of translation, this paper examines the ideological divergence between the title of the original text and the title of the translation. The paper concludes that the ideology that the translated title projects to the French-reader is totally different from the ideology that the original title projects to the English-reader.
Investigation of the Effects of Distributed Generation on Protection Coordination in a Power System
Authors: Tariq A. , Khatri K. L. , Haque M. I. U. , Raza M. A. , Ahmed S. , Muzammil M.
Published: October 2021

The rapid increase of the electrical power demand gave rise to many challenging situations for power system control engineers as the transmission lines are operating at their maximum capacity in most developing economies. To solve this, Distributed Generation (DG), i.e. the generation of electrical power in a distribution network that provides clean energy, is gaining popularity. There are several challenges the protection of distribution networks faces after DG installation, such as variations in short circuit levels, protection blinding, reverse power flow, protection coordination, change in fault impedance, recloser-fuse coordination, selectivity, unsynchronized reclosing, false tripping, etc. In this paper, an IEEE 13-Bus System Radial Distribution System is simulated using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP), various scenarios of DG placement are considered, their impact on the protection system is analyzed, and different techniques are proposed to minimize the effect on protection coordination. The use of directional relays, current limiting reactors, and small magnitude DGs is tested and analyzed. The way this effect varies by changing the location of DG is also analyzed.
Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network Model Development for Chili Pepper Disease Diagnosis Using Filter and Wrapper Feature Selection Methods
Authors: Nuanmeesri S. , Sriurai W.
Published: October 2021

The goal of the current study is to develop a diagnosis model for chili pepper disease diagnosis by applying filter and wrapper feature selection methods as well as a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN). The data used for developing the model include 1) types, 2) causative agents, 3) areas of infection, 4) growth stages of infection, 5) conditions, 6) symptoms, and 7) 14 types of chili pepper diseases. These datasets were applied to the 3 feature selection techniques, including information gain, gain ratio, and wrapper. After selecting the key features, the selected datasets were utilized to develop the diagnosis model towards the application of MLPNN. According to the model’s effectiveness evaluation results, estimated by 10-fold cross-validation, it can be seen that the diagnosis model developed by applying the wrapper method along with MLPNN provided the highest level of effectiveness, with an accuracy of 98.91%, precision of 98.92%, and recall of 98.89%. The findings showed that the developed model is applicable.
The Effect of Low Velocity Impact Loading on Self-Compacting Concrete Reinforced with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers
Authors: Abd J. , Ahmed I. K.
Published: October 2021

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) reduces environmental noise and has more workability. This research presents an investigation of the behavior of SCC under mechanical loading (impact loading). Two types of cement have been used to produce SCC mixtures, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Limestone Cement (PLC), which reduces the emission of carbon dioxide during the manufacturing process. The mixes were reinforced with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) which is usually used to improve the seismic performance of masonry walls, to replace lost steel reinforcements, or to increase column strength and ductility. Workability tests were carried out for fresh SCC. Prepared concrete slabs of 500×500×50mm were tested for low-velocity impact loading at ages of 28, 56, and 90 days after water curing. The results were compared with the ones of non-reinforced SCC mixes and show a significant effect on the impact resistance after the SCC was reinforced with CFRP. The strongest impact resistance was recorded for reinforcing slabs made from OPC SCC, while for the reinforced concrete slabs produced from PLC the results were less, but at a close rate.
Volume 17, Number 4
Authors: Opioid Management Journal of
Published: October 2021

July/August 2021
KARYA SENI VISUAL KOLEKTIF PANGROK SULAP DALAM KONTEKS PERUBAHAN SOSIAL-BUDAYA DI SABAH
Authors: Ismail Issarezal , Jusilin Humin
Published: October 2021

Todayâ€™s contemporary visual art is a reflection of the changes that have taken place in society and culture in which the visual artwork was created. This study aims to explain the visual artwork of the Pangrok Sulap collective in the context of social-cultural change in Sabah covering idea or theme, form, types, style, symbol and meaning. A qualitative approach that emphasizes on a system of descriptive, holistic, detailed and in-depth explanatory systems is used and linked through the art criticism point of view as a tool of analysis, either as a way of analyzing form or interpreting the symbolic meaning of the presence symbols drawn from various data source such as artworks, documents and observations. The findings shows that visual artworks from Pangrok Sulap collective reflect the complexity of the issues or problems of social-cultural change that have taken place in Sabah especially from the ideas or themes of the artworks. It is expressed through the application of local and personal symbols to formed two dimensional print-making art in the style of Expressionism.

 

ABSTRAK

 Seni visual kontemporari pada masa kini adalah refleksi dari perubahan yang terjadi pada masyarakat dan kebudayaan di mana karya seni visual itu diciptakan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan karya seni visual dari kolektif Pangrok Sulap dalam konteks perubahan sosial-budaya di Sabah yang mencakupi ide atau tema, bentuk, jenis, gaya, simbol dan makna. Pendekatan kualitatif yang menekankan pada sistem penjelasan yang bersifat deskriptif, holistik, terperinci dan mendalam digunakan sekaligus dihubungkan melalui cara pandang kritik seni yang berfungsi sebagai perangkat analisis, baik sebagai cara menganalisis bentuk mahu pun menginterpretasikan makna simbolik dari kehadiran simbol yang diambil dari pelbagai sumber data seperti karya seni visual, dokumen dan pemerhatian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa karya-karya seni visual dari kolektif Pangrok Sulap merefleksikan kompleksiti isu atau permasalahan perubahan sosial-budaya yang sudah dan sedang terjadi di negeri Sabah khususnya jika dilihat dari ide atau tema pengkaryaan. Hal tersebut diekspresikan melalui penerapan simbol-simbol lokal serta personal pada karya-karya berbentuk dua dimensi dari jenis seni cetakan yang kuat dengan gaya Ekspressionisme.
PENERIMAAN YOUTUBE SEBAGAI SUMBER MAKLUMAT AGAMA ISLAM DALAM KALANGAN MASYARAKAT DI KAMPUNG ULU PUTATAN, SABAH: PENGAPLIKASIAN MODEL PENERIMAAN TEKNOLOGI (TAM) DAN TEORI KREDIBILITI.
Authors: Ahmad Intan Kurnia
Published: October 2021

Dalam era ledakan teknologi kini, Youtube telah menjadi alternatif baru bagi masyarakat untuk mendapatkan maklumat agama Islam dengan lebih mudah dan pantas. Youtube merupakan antara medium dakwah popular dalam internet, kerana dilihat sebagai medium yang boleh menarik minat masyarakat kerana sifatnya yang menggabungkan elemen audio dan visual. Sehubungan dengan itu, masyarakat mula memanfaatkannya sebagai platform untuk pembelajaran dan pemahaman mengenai agama Islam. Namun, ruang lingkup penggunaan Youtube yang terbuka menyebabkan berlakunya kebanjiran maklumat agama Islam. Limpahan maklumat tersebut secara tidak langsung telah menimbulkan isu kredibiliti kandungan maklumat yang diterima oleh pengguna. Kajian empirikal terhadap kajian lepas mendapati maklumat agama Islam diterima atas faktor Youtube mudah diguna dan berguna. Namun, dari perspektif model yang digunakan dilihat tidak mendalam dan kurang memfokuskan terhadap faktor penerimaan terhadap kandungannya. Ini kerana, adalah amat penting satu pemahaman dibina untuk mengetahui bagaimana kredbiliti maklumat agama Islam dari Youtube ditentukan. Justeru, wujudnya keperluan untuk membuat penelitian bagi mengetahui faktor kepercayaan terhadap maklumat agama Islam dari Youtube yang mendorong kepada penerimaan Youtube sebagai sumber maklumat agama Islam. Penerimaan adalah sesuatu yang perlu dikaji untuk menjangkakan implikasi yang mungkin wujud dalam kehidupan.

 

In this current era of technology boom, YouTube has become a new alternative for the community to get information about Islam more easily and quickly. YouTube is one of the popular Da'wah medium in the internet, because it is seen as a medium that can attract the interest of the community because of its nature that combines audio and visual elements. In this regard, the community began to use it as a platform for learning and understanding of Islam. However, the scope of open use of YouTube has led to an influx of Islamic religious information. The overflow of such information has indirectly raised the issue of the credibility of the information content received by users. An empirical study of previous studies found that Islamic religious information was accepted due to the fact that YouTube is easy to use and useful. However, from the perspective of the model used is seen as not deep and less focused on the acceptance factor of its content. This is because, it is very important an understanding is built to know how the credibility of Islamic religious information from YouTube is determined. Thus, there is a need to do research to find out the factors of belief in Islamic religious information from YouTube that lead to the acceptance of YouTube as a source of Islamic religious information. Acceptance is something that needs to be studied to anticipate the implications that may exist in life.
POLIS DALAM DUA ZAMAN, SEBELUM DAN SELEPAS PEMBENTUKAN MALAYSIA : PENGLIBATAN SARJAN (B) JEFFRI MOHD ASRI
Authors: Mad Ali@Abang Abdul Rahman , Bilcher Bala  , Dollah Ramli
Published: October 2021

Tugas mempertahankan kedaulatan negara bukanlah mudah. Menyedari akan hakikat itu, usaha menjejaki pejuang yang berbakti kepada negara perlu diusahakan untuk menghormati dan menghargai perjuangan mereka bagi tatapan generasi masa hadapan. Pengalaman bersama pasukan polis pada dua zaman yang berbeza, iaitu penjajahan British dan kemerdekaan Sabah dalam Malaysia merupakan suatu keistimewaan bagi seorang veteran polis bernama Sarjan (B) Jeffri Mohd Asi. Beliau telah menerima pelbagai pingat kerana jasa bakti yang tidak ternilai kepada pasukan keselamatan, negeri Sabah dan negara Malaysia amnya. Dalam penelitian kertas kerja ini, kaedah yang digunakan ialah kajian kepustakaan, kajian arkib dan temu bual terpilih dalam kalangan veteran polis. Tuntasnya, kertas kerja ini akan mengimbau pengalaman dan menjelaskan penglibatan beliau dalam peristiwa penting pada sebelum dan selepas pembentukkan Malaysia.
he task of defending the sovereignty of the country is not easy. Recognizing this fact, efforts to track down the warriors who serve the nation need to be worked out to honor and appreciate their struggle for future generations. The experience with the police force in two different periods, namely the British occupation, and Sabah's independence in Malaysia was a privilege for a police veteran named Sergeant (B) Jeffri Mohd Asi. He has received many medals for his invaluable service to the security forces, state of Sabah, and Malaysia in general. In the study of this paper, the methods used are library studies, archival studies and selected interviews among police veterans. In conclusion, this paper will reflect on his experiences and explain his involvement in important events before and after the establishment of Malaysia.
Acquiring Digital Proficiency in Teacher Education
Authors: Stolba Aneta , Kay Robin
Published: October 2021

In this commentary, we look at digital technology use in teacher education and practice, theoretical foundations, definitions, and digital competence frameworks in an educational context. With rapid changes in the domain of technology classroom teaching, teachers need to learn and adapt quickly. We argue that a more comprehensive approach to understanding how student-teacher learning with technology is needed.
Oppivelvollisuus vai oppioikeus?
Authors: Granbom-herranen Liisa
Published: October 2021

Artikkeli keskittyy Suomen vuosien 1921 ja 2020 oppivelvollisuuslakeihin sekä keskeisien niitä tukevien lakien ja asetuksien sisältöön. Tavoitteena on lyhyesti tarkastella, mitä lainsäädännössä ilmenevä käsitys oppivelvollisuudesta sisältää ja miten se on muuttunut sadassa vuodessa. Vai onko mikään muuttunut? Laeissa oppivelvollisuus näyttäytyy ensisi­jaisesti yhteiskunnan ja huoltajien velvollisuutena ohjata lasta ja nuorta kouluyhteisön valvonnassa. Lait ja asetukset legitimoivat yhteisöllisen valvonnan. Ne kuvaavat yhteiskunnan asettamia tavoitteita, mutta ne eivät ker­ro siitä, mitä tapahtui.
Yhteinen ja pakollinen vai erillinen ja valinnainen? Toisen asteen oppivelvollisuusuudistus osana sadan vuoden kamppailua ja jatkumoa
Authors: Torsti Pilvi
Published: October 2021

Tämä artikkeli pureutuu suomalaisen oppivelvollisuuden sataan vuoteen poliittisen valmistelun ja kamppailun näkökulmasta. Päähuomio on tuoreimmassa toisen asteen oppivelvollisuusuudistuksessa, jonka vaiheet esitellään alkuperäislähteitä hyödyntäen. Loppuluvussa verrataan toisen asteen oppivelvollisuusuudistusta vuoden 1921 oppivelvollisuusratkaisuun ja 1960-luvun peruskoulu-uudistukseen.
Johtopäätöksenä todetaan, että suomalaisen oppivelvollisuuden piirteinä erottuu kolme kokonaisuutta. (1) Poliittinen jakolinja on sekä sisällöllisesti että puolueiden välillä säilynyt jopa yllättävän samankaltaisena. (2) Laaja ja pitkäjänteinen valmistelutyö yhdessä yhteiskunnallisen muutoksen kanssa on edeltänyt poliittista käsittelyä ja ollut sille edellytys. (3) Yksittäisten henkilöiden pitkäjänteinen ja sitoutunut työ ja tinkimättömyys ratkaisevissa päätöskohdissa on ollut välttämätöntä.
Vuonna 2020 säädetyn ja 2021 voimaan tulleen oppivelvollisuuden laajennuksen osalta hyödynnetään kahdeksan puolueen relevantteja ohjelmallisia asiakirjoja sekä prosessiin itse osallistuneen kirjoittajan omia muistiinpanoja. Aiempien koulu-uudistusten osalta puheenvuorossa nojataan tutkimuskirjallisuuteen.
Nonlinear responses of particulate nitrate to NOx emission controls in the megalopolises of China
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Zhang Zihan , Yao Quan , Wang Tijian , Xie Min , Li Shu , Zhuang Bingliang , Han Yong
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Nitrate is an increasingly important component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Chinese cities. The production of nitrate is not only
related to the abundance of its precursor, but it is also supported by the atmospheric photochemical oxidants, raising a new challenge for the current
emission control actions in China. This paper uses comprehensive measurements and a regional meteorology–chemistry model with optimized mechanisms
to establish the nonlinear responses between particulate nitrate and the emission controls of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the megalopolises
of China. Nitrate is an essential component of PM2.5 in eastern China, accounting for 9.4 %–15.5 % and 11.5 %–32.1 % of
the PM2.5 mass for the warm and cold seasons. The hypothetical NOx emission reduction scenarios
(−10 % to −80 %) during summer–autumn result in almost linearly lower PM2.5 by −2.2 % in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei
(BTH) and −2.9 % in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) per 10 % reduction of NOx emissions, whereas they lead to a rather complicated
response of PM components in winter. Wintertime nitrate is found to increase by +4.1 % in BTH and +5.1 % in YRD per 10 % reduction of
NOx emissions, with nearly unchanged nitric acid (HNO3) and higher dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) intermediate
products produced from the increased atmospheric oxidant levels. An inflexion point appears at 30 %–50 % NOx emission
reduction, and a further reduction in NOx emissions is predicted to cause −10.5 % reduction of nitrate for BTH and −7.7 %
for YRD per 10 % reduction of NOx emissions. In addition, the 2012–2016 NOx control strategy actually leads to
no changes or even increases of nitrate in some areas (8.8 % in BTH and 14.4 % in YRD) during winter. Our results also emphasize that
ammonia (NH3) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are effective in controlling nitrate pollution, whereas decreasing the
sulfur dioxide (SO2) and NOx emissions may have counterintuitive effects on nitrate aerosols. This paper helps
understand the nonlinear aerosol and photochemistry feedbacks and defines the effectiveness of proposed mitigations for the increasingly serious
nitrate pollution in China.
Impacts of the Saharan air layer on the physical properties of the Atlantic tropical cyclone cloud systems: 2003–2019
Authors: Luo Hao , Han Yong
Published: October 2021

Abstract. It is generally known that the tropical cyclone (TC) cloud systems (TCCSs) in the North Atlantic region frequently occur during boreal summer, while the Saharan dust outbreaks occur concurrently. The Sahara air layer (SAL), an elevated layer containing Saharan dry air and mineral dust, has crucial impacts on the generation and evolution of TCs. However, the effects of SAL on the physical (macro and micro) characteristics of the
Atlantic TCCSs have not been well constrained, and the interaction mechanisms between them still need further investigation. In this study, our primary interest is to distinguish the various effects of SAL on different intensities of TCs and further find out the probable causes of the varied feedback mechanisms. Therefore, we attempt to identify whether and how the effects of the SAL play a positive or negative role on the TCCSs and to draw a qualitative conclusion on how SAL affects the various intensities of the
TCs. This paper focuses on the 70 TC samples from July to September in the years of 2003–2019 to investigate the physical effects of SAL on three intensities of TCs, i.e., the tropical depression (TD), tropical storm (TS), and hurricane (HU). The results show that SAL has a positive impact on the macro properties of HU but significantly suppresses the TD. It appears that the SAL attributes little to the variation of the ice cloud effective radius (CERi) for TS, whereas CERi changes significantly and differentially for TD and HU. When affected by SAL, the probability density function (PDF) curve of CERi generally shifts to the smaller value for TD, whereas the PDF curve becomes flatter for HU. Our analysis indicates that the various responses of TCCSs to SAL are determined by the combined effects of dry air masses, the dust aerosols as ice nuclei, and the thermodynamic and moisture conditions. Based on the observation data analysis, a concept scheme description has been concluded to deepen our recognition of the effects of SAL on the TCCSs.
Formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosols derived from urban-lifestyle sources: vehicle exhaust and cooking emissions
Authors: Zhang Zirui , Zhu Wenfei , Hu Min , Liu Kefan , Wang Hui , Tang Rongzhi , Shen Ruizhe , Yu Ying , Tan Rui , Song Kai , Li Yuanju , Zhang Wenbin , Zhang Zhou , Xu Hongming , Shuai Shijin , Li Shuangde , Chen Yunfa , Li Jiayun , Wang Yuesi , Guo Song
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Vehicle exhaust and cooking emissions are closely related to the daily life
of city dwellers. Here, we defined the secondary organic aerosols (SOAs)
derived from vehicle exhaust and cooking emissions as “urban-lifestyle SOAs”
and simulated their formation using a Gothenburg potential aerosol mass
reactor (Go:PAM). The vehicle exhaust and cooking emissions were separately
simulated, and their samples were defined as “vehicle group” and “cooking
group”, respectively. After samples had been aged under 0.3–5.5 d of
equivalent photochemical age, these two urban-lifestyle SOAs showed markedly
distinct features in the SOA mass growth potential, oxidation pathways, and
mass spectra. The SOA/POA (primary organic aerosol) mass ratios of vehicle
groups (107) were 44 times larger than those of cooking groups (2.38) at
about 2 d of equivalent photochemical age, according to the measurement
of scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). A high-resolution time-of-flight
aerosol mass spectrometer was used to perform a deeper analysis. It revealed
that organics from the vehicle may undergo the alcohol and/or peroxide and
carboxylic acid oxidation pathway to produce abundant less and more oxidized
oxygenated OAs (LO-OOAs and MO-OOAs), and only a few primary hydrocarbon-like
organic aerosols (HOAs) remain unaged. In contrast, organics from cooking may
undergo the alcohol and/or peroxide oxidation pathway to produce moderate LO-OOAs,
and comparable primary cooking organic aerosols (COAs) remain unaged. Our
findings provide an insight into atmospheric contributions and chemical
evolutions for urban-lifestyle SOAs, which could greatly influence the air
quality and health risk assessments in urban areas.
Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds, source apportionment, and the ozone–NOx–VOC sensitivities in a heavily polluted megacity of central China: effect of sporting events and emission reductions
Authors: Yu Shijie , Su Fangcheng , Yin Shasha , Wang Shenbo , Xu Ruixin , He Bing , Fan Xiangge , Yuan Minghao , Zhang Ruiqin
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The implementation of strict emission control during the 11th National Minority Games (NMG) in September 2019 provided a valuable opportunity to
assess the impact of such emission controls on the characteristics of VOCs and other air pollutants. Here, we investigated the characteristics of
VOCs and the O3–NOx–VOC sensitivity comprehensively in Zhengzhou before, during, and after the NMG by delivering field
measurements combined with WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting Community Multiscale Air Quality) model simulations. The average mixing
ratios of VOCs during the control periods were 121 ± 55 µg m−3 and decreased by about 19 % and 11 % before and after
emission reduction. The ozone precursors (NOx) also decreased significantly during the control period; however, the ozone
pollution was severe during the entire observation period. Positive matrix factorization analysis indicated seven major sources of ambient VOCs,
including coal combustion, biomass burning, vehicle exhausts, industrial processes, biogenic emissions, solvent utilization, and liquefied petroleum
gas (LPG). The results show that the major source emissions, such as coal combustion and solvent utilization, were significantly reduced during the
control period. As for ozone formation potential (OFP), the value during the control period was 183 ± 115 µg m−3, which was
0.23 and 0.17 times lower than before and after the control period, respectively. Solvent utilization and combustion controls were the most
important measures taken to reduce OFP during the NMG period. Control policies can effectively reduce carcinogenic risk. However, non-cancer
risks of ambient VOC exposures were all exceeding the safe level (hazard quotient = 1) during the sampling periods, and emphasis on the
reduction of acrolein emissions was needed. In addition, the WRF-CMAQ model simulation indicated that O3 formation was controlled by VOCs
in Zhengzhou. The results of the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach showed that the NOx reduction in Zhengzhou might lead to
higher ozone pollution. It is suggested that reduction ratios of the precursors (VOCs : NOx) should be more than 2, which can
effectively alleviate ozone pollution.
Episodic subduction patches in the western North Pacific identified from BGC-Argo float data
Authors: Chen Shuangling , Wells Mark L. , Huang Rui Xin , Xue Huijie , Xi Jingyuan , Chai Fei
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Subduction associated with mesoscale eddies is an important but difficult-to-observe process that can efficiently export carbon and oxygen to the
mesopelagic zone (100–1000 dbar). Using a novel BGC-Argo dataset covering the
western North Pacific (20–50∘ N, 120–180∘ E), we
identified imprints of episodic subduction using anomalies in dissolved
oxygen and spicity, a water mass marker. These subduction patches were
present in 4.0 % (288) of the total profiles (7120) between 2008 and
2019, situated mainly in the Kuroshio Extension region between March and
August (70.6 %). Roughly 31 % and 42 % of the subduction patches were
identified below the annual permanent pycnocline depth (300 m vs. 450 m) in the
subpolar and subtropical regions, respectively. Around half (52 %) of these episodic events injected oxygen-enriched waters below the maximum
annual permanent thermocline depth (450 dbar), with >20 %
occurring deeper than 600 dbar. Subduction patches were detected during winter
and spring when mixed layers are deep. The oxygen inventory within these
subductions is estimated to be on the order of 64 to 152 g O2/m2.
These mesoscale events would markedly increase oxygen ventilation as well as
carbon removal in the region, both processes helping to support the nutritional and
metabolic demands of mesopelagic organisms. Climate-driven patterns of
increasing eddy kinetic energies in this region imply that the magnitude of
these processes will grow in the future, meaning that these unexpectedly
effective small-scale subduction processes need to be better constrained in
global climate and biogeochemical models.
Dating of the GV7 East Antarctic ice core by high-resolution chemical records and focus on the accumulation rate variability in the last millennium
Authors: Nardin Raffaello , Severi Mirko , Amore Alessandra , Becagli Silvia , Burgay Francois , Caiazzo Laura , Ciardini Virginia , Dreossi Giuliano , Frezzotti Massimo , Hong Sang-Bum , Khan Ishaq , Narcisi Bianca Maria , Proposito Marco , Scarchilli Claudio , Selmo Enricomaria , Spolaor Andrea , Stenni Barbara , Traversi Rita
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Ice core dating is the first step for a correct interpretation of climatic
and environmental changes. In this work, we release the dating of the
uppermost 197 m of the 250 m deep GV7(B) ice core (drill site, 70∘41′ S,
158∘52′ E; 1950 m a.s.l. in Oates Land, East Antarctica)
with a sub-annual resolution. Chemical records of NO3-, MSA
(methanesulfonic acid), non-sea-salt SO42- (nssSO42-), sea-salt ions and
water stable isotopes (δ18O) were studied as candidates for
dating due to their seasonal pattern. Different procedures were tested but
the nssSO42- record proved to be the most reliable on the short- and
long-term scales, so it was chosen for annual layer counting along the
whole ice core. The dating was constrained by using volcanic signatures from
historically known events as tie points, thus providing an accurate age–depth
relationship for the period 1179–2009 CE. The achievement of the complete
age scale allowed us to calculate the annual mean accumulation rate throughout
the analyzed 197 m of the core, yielding an annually resolved history of the
snow accumulation on site in the last millennium. A small yet consistent
rise in accumulation rate (Tr = 1.6, p<0.001) was found for the
last 830 years starting around mid-18th century.
Residential building stock modelling for mainland China targeted for seismic risk assessment
Authors: Xin Danhua , Daniell James Edward , Tsang Hing-Ho , Wenzel Friedemann
Published: October 2021

Abstract. To enhance the estimation accuracy of economic loss and casualty in seismic
risk assessment, a high-resolution building exposure model is necessary.
Previous studies in developing global and regional building exposure models
usually use coarse administrative-level (e.g. country or sub-country
level) census data as model inputs, which cannot fully reflect the spatial
heterogeneity of buildings in large countries like China. To develop a
high-resolution residential building stock model for mainland China, this
paper uses finer urbanity-level population and building-related statistics
extracted from the records in the tabulation of the 2010 population census of
the People's Republic of China (hereafter abbreviated as the
“2010 census”). In the 2010 census records, for each province, the
building-related statistics are categorized into three urbanity levels
(urban, township, and rural). To disaggregate these statistics into
high-resolution grid level, we need to determine the urbanity attributes of
grids within each province. For this purpose, the geo-coded population
density profile (with 1 km × 1 km resolution) developed in the
2015 Global Human Settlement Layer (GSHL) project is selected. Then for each
province, the grids are assigned with urban, township, or rural attributes
according to the population density in the 2015 GHSL profile. Next, the
urbanity-level building-related statistics can be disaggregated into grids,
and the 2015 GHSL population in each grid is used as the disaggregation
weight. Based on the four structure types (steel and reinforced concrete, mixed,
brick and wood, other) and five storey classes (1, 2–3, 4–6, 7–9, ≥10) of
residential buildings classified in the 2010 census records, we reclassify
the residential buildings into 17 building subtypes attached with both
structure type and storey class and estimate their unit construction prices.
Finally, we develop a geo-coded 1 km × 1 km resolution
residential building exposure model for 31 provinces of mainland China. In
each 1 km × 1 km grid, the floor areas of the 17 residential
building subtypes and their replacement values are estimated. The model
performance is evaluated to be satisfactory, and its practicability in
seismic risk assessment is also confirmed. Limitations of the proposed model
and directions for future improvement are discussed. The whole modelling
process presented in this paper is fully reproducible, and all the modelled
results are publicly accessible.
Are interactions important in estimating flood damage to economic entities? The case of wine-making in France
Authors: Nortes Martínez David , Grelot Frédéric , Brémond Pauline , Farolfi Stefano , Rouchier Juliette
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Estimating flood damage, although crucial for assessing flood risk and for designing mitigation policies, continues to face numerous challenges, notably the assessment of indirect damage. It is widely accepted that damage other than direct damage can account for a significant proportion of total damage. Yet due to scarcer data sources and lack of knowledge on links within and between economic activities, indirect impacts have received less attention than direct impacts. Furthermore, attempts to grasp indirect damage through economic models have not gone below regional levels. Even though local communities can be devastated by flood events without this being reflected in regional accounts, few studies have been conducted from a microeconomic perspective at local level. What is more, the standard practices applied at this level of analysis tackle entities but ignore how they may be linked. This paper addresses these two challenges by building a novel agent-based model of a local agricultural production chain (a French cooperative wine-making system), utilized as a virtual laboratory for the ex ante estimation of flood impacts. We show how overlooking existing interactions between economic entities in production chains can result in either overestimation (double counting) or underestimation (wrong estimation of the consequences for the activity) of flood damage. Our results also reveal that considering interactions requires thorough characterization of their spatial configuration. Based on both the application of our method and the results obtained, we propose balanced recommendations for flood damage estimation at local level.
PREVENTION OF PREECLAMPSIA: A MODERN APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF EDEMA CAUSED BY PREGNANCY
Authors: Kidirniyazova K.S. , Sutyrina A.V. , Nama P. , Ismailova D.K.
Published: October 2021

Detection of hemodynamic hypovolemia in pregnant women with edema using the rheovasography method makes it possible to reasonably prescribe infusion therapy with hydroxyethylated starch solutions to prevent the development of preeclampsia.
ANALYSIS OF SEPARATION OF OIL WASTE FROM SOAPSTOCK
Authors: Karimov Sh.Kh. , Khusainova M.S. , Baltaev U.S.
Published: October 2021

Recycling of oil industry fatty factors of soap stock.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR KPU KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH
Authors: Purnomo Martinus Wahyu
Published: October 2021

Keberhasilan kinerja pegawai dalam diharapkan dapat berjalan dengan baik, sehingga pencapaian tujuan organisasi sesuai target yang diharapkan. Namun dalam realisasinya, kinerja pegawai belum menunjukkan hasil optimal. Permasalahan tersebut didasari pada faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh, seperti motivasi pegawai.

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Untuk mengetahui tentang motivasi dan kinerja pegawai. (2) Untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai.

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan melalui penelitian lapangan dan kepustakaan. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh pegawai pada Kantor KPUD Kabupaten Lampung Tengah berjumlah 30 pegawai, dengan sampel penelitian 30 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, penyebaran kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisa regresi linier ganda.

Hasil penelitian didapatkan: (1) motivasi masuk dalam kategori sangat baik. (3) kinerja guru masuk dalam kategori sangat baik. (2) motivasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai, nilai thitung=3.370 dan sig.=0.002. Hasil tersebut memiliki makna, motivasi yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan kualitas kinerja pegawai dengan baik. (3) motivasi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru pada Kantor KPUD Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, nilai Fhitung=11.354 dan sig.=0.002. Hasil tersebut memiliki makna, motivasi yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan kualitas kinerja pegawai dengan baik.
Distribution of Static Deformations along the Friction Lining of the
Brake Mechanism in the Cars of GAZelle Series
Authors: Vardanyan H.V. , Bazikyan N.A. , Vardanyan V.A. , Bazikyan S.N.
Published: October 2021

The study of the shoe lining in the drum brake mechanism is of paramount importance to evaluate its wear regularity. Thereto, the computational scheme of the drum brake-shoe mechanism has been designed, the calculation formulae of tangential and radial components of the external points displacement in the lining have been analyzed, by means of which their numerical values have been determined, the diagram of the radial displacements has been designed and compared with descriptors of the wear change along the friction lining, according to which they alter with similar regularities.
Introducing Seed Material Selection Method for the Increase
of Tomato Seed Yield and Quality
Authors: Martirosyan G.S. , Tadevosyan L.M. , Pahlevanyan A.M. , Atchemyan G.Zh.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the research was to identify the most efficient cluster level and crop harvesting period (day) for tomato seed production, as well as to find out which seed breeding options will ensure higher quality indicators. The study objects were mid-early ripening tomato variety “Anahit 351” and mid-ripening varieties “Lia” and “Eraz”.
Experimental results showed that tomato seeds taken from the fruit of second cluster after 10 days of ripening have provided highest seed weight, high germinability and germination energy meanwhile ensuring high productivity.
ADVERTISEMENT and ISLAM: A MUSLIM WORLD PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Bari Adeel , Abbas Rana Zamin
Published: October 2021

Contemporary advertisement practices have created many social and ethical problems due to their materialistic focus. The effect of these problems can also be seen in many Muslim countries including Pakistan in terms of diversion from their cultural and religious values. This paper attempts to integrate the Islamic business ethics in contemporary advertisement practices to find the solution of the ethical dilemma which is created by these materialistic advertisement practices. The focus of Islamic way of business is not just to earn profit but to serve the society. The human welfare is the gist of Islamic business ethics. This paper attempts to evaluate advertisement in terms of Quran and Hadiths of the Holy Prophet (PBUM) and discuss unethical aspects of the contemporary advertisement practices.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR – AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors: Olawale I. OLATEJU , Ibraheem A. ABDUL-AZEEZ , Salimonu A. ALAMUTU
Published: October 2021

The application of Project Management (PM) tools and techniques in public sector is gradually becoming an important issue in developing economies, especially in a country like Nigeria where projects of different size and structures are undertaken. The paper examined the application of the project management practice in public sector in Nigeria. The PM Lifecycles, tools and techniques were presented. The study was carried out in Lagos because of its metropolitan nature and rapidly growing economy. Twenty three copies of questionnaire were administered to 23 public institutions in Lagos to generate primary data. The descriptive analysis techniques using percentages and table presentations coupled with coefficient of correlation were used for data analysis. The study revealed that application of PM tools and techniques is an essential management approach that tends to achieve specified objectives within specific time and budget limits through optimum use of resources. Furthermore the study noted that there is lack of in-depth knowledge of PM tools and techniques in public sector institutions sampled, also high cost of application was also observed by the respondents. The study recommended among others that PM tools and techniques should be applied gradually especially in old government institutions where resistance to change is perceived to be high.
AN EVALUATION OF STAFF MOTIVATION, DISSATISFACTION AND JOB PERFORMANCE IN AN ACADEMIC SETTING
Authors: Mawoli Mohammed Abubakar , Babandako Abdullahi Yusuf
Published: October 2021

This study seeks to ascertain academic staff level of motivation, dissatisfaction and performance at work. The study employed a survey research method to collect research data from academic staff of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria. A total of 141 or 64% of the academic staff of the University were sampled out of a population of 219 academic staff. Descriptive statistical tools were used to measure the research variables. The study reveals that academic staffs are very highly motivated at work and also highly contented with the working environment. The study further revealed that staff performance as it relates to teaching is very high while their performance in the areas of research and other publications is moderate. It is therefore recommended that universities and other tertiary institutions should take the issue if academic staff motivation seriously to facilitate effective teaching and delivery of knowledge.
THE STUDY OF BARRIERS TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN MEN AND WOMEN
Authors: Gorji Mohammad Bagher , Rahimian Paria
Published: October 2021

The present study aims to investigate the barriers to individual entrepreneurship as well as comparing them in men and women population. This study was applied, correlation-survey method. Using field method, the data are collected from 113 men entrepreneurs and 65 women entrepreneurs. One questionnaire whose validity and reliability is verified by content and Cranach’s a methods is also used to collect the research data. To analyze the data, T-test and ANOVA are used. The results indicated that there is a meaningful difference between individual and environmental barriers to entrepreneurship and order of effectiveness of barriers in men and women.
RECENT RELATED RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Chen Shih-Chih , Li Shing-Han , Li Chien-Yi
Published: October 2021

Technology Acceptance Model is widely applied to access users’ usage in various information system/information technology areas. Learning the critical role of Technology Acceptance Model can guide researchers to design different users’ interface for different online customers, and consequently achieve high user usage in different application areas. This study reviewed 24 studies to understand the past, now and future of Technology Acceptance Model. We discussed the related studies to clarify the extension of Technology Acceptance Model. Besides, the application areas are elaborated including electronic service, mobile data service, self-service technology, electronic learning and so on. Finally, the article concluded the conclusions and future research direction.
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE, CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND PERFORMANCE IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN NIGERIA.
Authors: EBAREFIMIA UDEGBE, SCHOLASTICA , S.A.N AFOBUNOR, , INIEDEGBOR UDEGBE, MAURICE
Published: October 2021

This study explores the moderating role of National culture and organisational characteristics in the relationship between organisational cultural values and organisational performance in multinational corporations in Nigeria. It is suggested that the relationship between specific organisational values and organisational performance (i.e. Customer satisfaction and business performance) should vary across National cultures. Likewise, it is anticipated that the relationship between specific organisational cultural values and organisational performance are likely to be greater when the cultural values of organizations are consistent with those of the host country’s technology, economic, political and growth characteristics. Repeatedly, it would be interesting to discover if foreign firms (such as MNCs) tend to maintain the organisational culture of their home countries, if MNCs in Nigeria are incapable of adopting vastly different cultural system, because of differences in values, and if national culture moderates the organisational culture and outcome relationship; and most especially if organisational culture will depend on the national culture. Data for the study was obtained with the aid of questionnaire, seven copies of which were administered in each of the 100 MNCs that served as sample. The selected 100 MNCs were stratified into categories of service, manufacturing and others while the respondents were conveniently selected. Data were generated from the 600 useable questionnaires returned. The response rate was 86%. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and t- test analysis. The research instrument showed high reliability and validity. Majorly, the study found that culture influences work practices, culture has a profound impact on the way customer perceive the organisation, MNCs in Nigeria tend to maintain the same organisational culture of their home country, and that there is a relationship between organisational culture, customer satisfaction and organisational performance. The study suggests further studies from a market intelligence perspective.