bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Thymol Nanoliposome and Solid Lipid Nanoparticle and Evaluation of their Inhibitory Effects on Leishmania Major Promastigotes
Authors: Zabihi Mohsen , Shafaei Mahdiyeh , Ramezani Vahid , Dara Tahereh , Mirzaie Farzaneh
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Thymol has an antiprotozoal effect. Nanoparticulate systems are useful carriers for both small and large drug molecules, which can protect them from some chemical and biological damages as well as target drug delivery to specific organs or receptors. In this work, the nano-liposomal system and solid lipid nanoparticles loaded by thymol were prepared and the effectiveness of them were evaluated on Leishmania major promastigotes.
Methods: Several formulations of nano-liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared, and the amount of thymol loading, in-vitro release profile, particle size, and zeta potential were evaluated. Finally, the best formulations were serially diluted and incubated for 24, 48, and 72 hours on Leishmania major promastigotes, which cultured on Novy–MacNeal–Nicolle medium, and the results were analyzed.
Results: The highest loading of thymol in nano-liposomes (92%) was seen in the formulations made with phosphatidylcholine (Called L3), and among the solid lipid nanoparticles, the formulation prepared with glycerol monostearate (S1) had the most entrapment efficiency of thymol (87%). These formulations were selected to evaluate the release rate of thymol. The results showed that S1 has a slower release rate than L3; this may be due to the presence of Glycerol monostearate in solid lipid nanoparticles structure. The best formulations, L3 and S1, were chosen for anti-Leishmaniosis assessment; which showed that all three forms of free thymol, nanoliposomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles inhibited Leishmania major. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of free thymol, nanoliposome, and solid lipid nanoparticles for a 24-hour incubation are 7.8, 62.5, and 125, respectively, which decrease to 7.8, 7.8, and 15.6 for 48 hours and 7.8, 0.49, and 0 for 72 hours of incubation.
Conclusion: Thymol has a significant effect on the inhibition of Leishmania major promastigotes and usage of thymol in the form of liposomes or solid lipid nanoparticles can sustain the drug release and have a lower IC50 during the longer incubation time.
Evaluation of L-Carnitine Potential in Improvement of Male Fertility
Authors: Kooshesh Leila , Nateghian Zohre , Aliabadi Elham
Published: April 2023

L-carnitine, through its antioxidant potential, plays a significant role in reducing ROS production in male genital tract; therefore, fundamental improvements in spermatogenesis process and sperm structural and functional parameters in seminal plasma can be observed by treatment with L-carnitine. A literature search was performed using PubMed (including Medline) from the database earliest inception to 2021. Eligibility criteria included studies on protective effects of L-carnitine against damages to the male reproductive system. Based on the findings of the current study, L-carnitine has an effective potential to protect testis and improve conventional and functional sperm parameters against ROS-induced damages by sperm cryopreservation, busulfan treatment, and radiation
The green economy in poland - institutional approach to the production of clean, green energy
Authors: Chojnacka Katarzyna J.
Published: April 2023

Purpose of the study: The article will address topics directly and indirectly related to the decarbonization process started as part of the transformation of the energy system, with a strong emphasis on the role of institutions managing and supervising this process. The aim will be to answer the question:can the use of modern renewable energy sources for effects with the framework of the government's short-term policy?

Methodology: In the article was used a literature review, which was mentioned in the references. "Desk research" is the method that was used to analyze.

Main Findings: The Polish Economy is still one of the most energy-intensive economies in the European Union, hence increasing the share of energy from renewable sources may contribute to reducing an environmental pollution in our country. At this point, it is worth emphasizing that the level of air pollution by particulate matter in Polish cities is still one of the highest in the European Union. In order to eliminate barriers to the Development of the included in the title: green energy, many institutions should be involved in the process to manage, advise or support the process (from a legislation part also).

Applications of the study: The article'scontent can be useful for a wide group of recipients interested in the subject under research. Besides, this research is expected to be applied in Jan Kochanowski University during practical meetings with students.

Novelty/Originality of the study: The subject of energy system transformation has been widely discussed for many months. Particularly noteworthy is the social aspect - mentioned in the discussion - which is based on enabling citizens to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the clean energy transition and helping to cope with the problems. And here, the author of the article wants to join the discussion. In his opinion, the integration of the analyzed area is not possible without the support and involvement of the whole society, but above all, without institutional support. Sustainable management of natural resources is also becoming an urgent issue. This is primarily about managing air quality, including in the energy production process, which is crucial for the socio-economic stability of the Polish.
Transformacja cyfrowa samorządu gminnego w Polsce
Authors: Kańduła Sławomira , Przybylska Joanna , Chodakowska Aneta
Published: April 2023

Tematem monografii są warunki, bariery, źródła finansowania oraz przejawy transformacji cyfrowej gmin. Jej celem jest diagnoza wykorzystywania przez gminy nowych technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych, a tym samym ich przygotowania do funkcjonowania w gospodarce 4.0. Gospodarka 4.0 to gospodarka ogromnych ilości danych, które są gromadzone, przetwarzane, analizowane i archiwizowane za pomocą coraz nowszych technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych. Szybki rozwój tych technologii wymusił konieczność przystosowania się różnych podmiotów do funkcjonowania w nowych realiach. Na ścieżkę transformacji cyfrowej wstępują nie tylko przedsiębiorstwa, instytucje finansowe, gospodarstwa domowe, ale też organy władzy i administracji publicznej (na przykład gminy). Dotyczy ona zasobów, usług, procesów, kultury organizacyjnej oraz kompetencji, a służy podnoszeniu jakości usług publicznych, usprawnieniu pracy urzędu, wsparciu procesów podejmowania decyzji, zwiększeniu przejrzystości działania gmin, angażowaniu mieszkańców w życie wspólnoty lokalnej, samorządowej oraz dążeniu do zrównoważonego rozwoju. Różny jest stopień dotychczasowej transformacji cyfrowej gmin. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że jednostkami najlepiej przygotowanymi do funkcjonowania w gospodarce 4.0 są miasta na prawach powiatu. Jednak w każdej kategorii gmin znajdują się takie, które aktywnie poszukują możliwości zastosowania technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych do świadczenia usług, choć napotykają bariery finansowe, społeczno-kulturowe, technologiczne i organizacyjne.
GSTM1 Deletion Compensated in mRNA Expression and 4T1 Viability After Editing Using CRISPR/Cas9 Single and Double gRNA
Authors: Arsita Emilia Vivi , Nugrahaningsih Dwi Aris Agung , Sadewa Ahmad Hamim
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-transferase Mu-1 (GSTM1) is known to undergo polymorphism and plays role in drug metabolism including Paclitaxel (PTX), the first-line chemotherapy for breast cancer. However, the effect of GSTM1 polymorphism against chemotherapy in breast cancer is limited and unexplored. This study was conducted to explore the effects of single and double guide (gRNA) on the GSTM1 knocked out (KO) and its effect on the response of PTX in the 4T1 cell line.METHODS: The preparatory stage was done by culturing and electroporating 4T1 cells using Ribonucleoprotein of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Caspase 9 (Cas9). KO validation was examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Sanger sequencing, and ICE analysis. The 4T1 viability was examined by MTT Assay.RESULTS: The number of base pairs of GSTM1 after being engineered by single or double gRNA was 86 bases. The DNA quantity of GSTM1 engineered by gRNA was more than using double gRNAs. The mRNA expression of GSTM1 engineered by single gRNA was lower than using double gRNAs. IC50 values of PTX between wildtype and KO were not significantly different, in the range of 30 µM.CONCLUSION: The base-pair length of GSTM1 exon 4 that is knocked out with single and double gRNA have the same number of base pairs. The quantity of GSTM1 DNA and mRNA expression are contrary between single gRNA and double gRNA, and IC50 PTX values in the 4T1 cell line of the control group with single or double gRNA knocked out do not differ markedly. PTX efficiency as chemotherapy is not disturbed in the GSTM1 deletion genetic profile.KEYWORDS: GSTM1, gRNA, Paclitaxel, CRISPR, breast cancer
Synergistic Activity of Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume and Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. Extracts for Antidiabetic Study
Authors: Bahtiarsyah Aden Arrafif , Hidayati Lisna , Wijayanti Nastiti , Nuringtyas Tri Rini
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus affects glucose metabolism resulting in hyperglycemia. The bark of Cinnamomum burmannii (CB) and the leaves of Aquilaria malaccensis (AM) are believed to be effective for diabetes treatment. This study evaluated the synergistic effect of CB and AM, the extracts' phytochemical profiles, and the interaction between CB and AM metabolites with a-glucosidase through molecular docking.METHODS: The dried material was macerated with ethanol and then tested for a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitory activities and glucose diffusion inhibition in varied combination proportions. The extract fingerprinting was performed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer followed by thin layer chromatography to determine the class of secondary metabolite in the extracts. Human maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) receptor, ligands from acarbose and selected metabolites of CB and AM were studied in silico using UCSF Chimera, AutoDockTools, Autodock Vina Wizard (PyRx), and Biovia Discovery Studio software.RESULTS: The best ratio of CB:AM for a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibition was 0.75:0.25 mg/mL, with inhibitory activities of 86.36 and 96.38 %, respectively. The best glucose diffusion inhibition was achieved at a ratio of 0.5:0.5 mg/mL CB and AM. The b-caryophyllene of CB and palustrol of AM had a significantly higher binding affinity of -10.7 kcal/mol and -10.2 kcal/mol, respectively than acarbose, which had a binding affinity of -8.1 kcal/mol.CONCLUSION: A ratio of CB to AM suppresses the activity of diabetes-related enzymes more efficiently. The in silico study suggested that the presence of b-caryophyllene in CB and palustrol in AM supported the synergistic activity.KEYWORDS: Aquilaria malaccensis, Cinnamomum burmannii, diabetes mellitus, a-amylase inhibition, a-glucose inhibition, glucose inhibition
La Constitución (in)orgánica: una reflexión sobre las tensiones e inconsistencias del régimen político peruano
Authors: Campos Bernal Heber Joel
Published: April 2023

Este artículo versa sobre la Constitución orgánica del Perú. En ese sentido, analiza sus características más salientes y, a partir de ello, llama la atención sobre sus inconsistencias prácticas, producto de un proceso de hibridación que se remonta a los inicios del constitucionalismo peruano. Asimismo, el texto discute críticamente la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional peruano sobre la Constitución orgánica. En particular, incide en las sentencias emitidas por este colegiado en los casos de la cuestión de confianza y la disolución constitucional del Congreso. Por último, plantea algunas medidas que deben implementarse en el corto y mediano plazo para fortalecer la institucionalidad democrática del país.
Los créditos hipotecarios en la jurisprudencia constitucional de tutela: una historia de banalización del derecho a la vivienda
Authors: López-Castro Yira
Published: April 2023

En el actual modelo para el acceso a una vivienda basado en la propiedad privada y en el endeudamiento, el vínculo entre los individuos y sus viviendas resulta especialmente frágil de cara a las coyunturas económicas sistémicas y a las situaciones de insolvencia o iliquidez personales de los deudores durante la larga relación contractual que tienen con los bancos. En Colombia no existe un desarrollo legal del derecho a la vivienda ni una construcción dogmática en la jurisprudencia que explique qué puede reclamarse cuando se demanda el derecho a la vivienda, quién puede demandarlo y ante quién puede exigirse. El argumento central del artículo es que incluso en la época de crisis hipotecaria de 1999, cuando el derecho a la vivienda fue invocado con elocuencia tanto por el legislador como por la jurisprudencia constitucional, la configuración dogmática del derecho a la vivienda ha sido débil. En la medida en que los reclamos de los deudores se alejan de los problemas relacionados con la crisis, las decisiones de tutela han considerado que solo cuando concurran en el deudor condiciones especiales este podría merecer protección constitucional.
“No todas las vejeces son iguales”: los derechos humanos de las mujeres mayores y la importancia del enfoque de género
Authors: Mantilla Falcón Julissa
Published: April 2023

La incorporación progresiva del enfoque de género al Derecho internacional de los derechos humanos ha permitido el reconocimiento de los derechos humanos de las mujeres y la identificación de afectaciones particulares, como la violencia sexual o el feminicidio. Ahora bien, a este enfoque debe sumarse una aproximación interseccional que permita identificar la diversidad entre las mujeres y reconocer las situaciones que atraviesan por determinadas condiciones, como, por ejemplo, la edad. El artículo se centra en el análisis y reconocimiento de los derechos humanos de las mujeres mayores, resaltando la continuidad de la violencia y discriminación de género que se inicia con la niñez y que determina la realidad de las mujeres al llegar a la vejez, haciendo énfasis en los casos de violencia sexual, maternidad forzada, el rol de cuidado asumido por las mujeres mayores, así como su contribución a la búsqueda de la justicia en casos de desaparición forzada.
Libertad de expresión en internet y redes sociales vs. Derechos a la intimidad y el buen nombre. Prevalencia, colisión y ponderación en el Derecho constitucional (1992-2019)
Authors: Guillermo Jiménez William , Meneses Quintana Orlando
Published: April 2023

Existen derechos fundamentales que en ocasiones entran en conflicto en las comunicaciones de internet y las redes sociales, medios tecnológicos caracterizados por el anonimato, la fácil reproducción y copia, la alta popularidad y el fácil acceso. El artículo tiene por objetivo establecer la manera como se están resolviendo los conflictos entre la libertad de expresión y los derechos a la intimidad y el buen nombre en casos judiciales relevantes generados en internet y las redes sociales. El tipo de estudio es descriptivo y exploratorio, utilizando un método cualitativo e inductivo; las fuentes de información fueron primarias y secundarias; las técnicas empleadas fueron la revisión documental y la observación directa. Se concluye que la resolución de los conflictos entre estos derechos ha tenido una evolución en cinco momentos desde 1992, en los cuales la Corte Constitucional ha decantado una línea jurisprudencia en la que la libertad de expresión tiene una presunción de prevalencia; sin embargo, esta puede ser desvirtuada cuando se presente la colisión de derechos, evento en el cual se aplica el test de ponderación tripartito.
Los contratos de fomento como técnica de intervención administrativa en Colombia
Authors: Velásquez Muñoz Carlos Javier , Ortiz Iglesias María José
Published: April 2023

Teniendo en cuenta que la Administración Pública debe encaminar su acción hacia la consecución de los fines del Estado, en algunas ocasiones se vale de la iniciativa privada para cumplir con dicho propósito. Dentro de las varias formas de intervención administrativa se encuentra una que interpreta a la perfección lo anterior: la actividad estimulativa o de fomento. Esta forma de intervención apareció en la Constitución de 1886, pero fue mal empleada y terminó convertida en un medio para la corrupción. Precisamente, una de las grandes conquistas de la Constitución de 1991 fue prohibir, en el artículo 355, a cualquiera de las ramas u órganos del poder público decretar auxilios o donaciones en favor de personas naturales o jurídicas de derecho privado; sin embargo, y con el ánimo de mantener el fomento, este mismo incorporó como excepción la posibilidad de celebrar contratos con entidades sin ánimo de lucro de reconocida idoneidad. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, este artículo de investigación analiza el contrato de fomento, con la finalidad de examinar su desarrollo normativo y jurisprudencial para establecer su alcance y aplicación actual y, sobre todo, verificar si ha atajado la corrupción que históricamente se le atribuye. El texto es fruto de una investigación jurídica a partir de la exhaustiva revisión analítica de fuentes secundarias de carácter jurídico.
Responsabilidad civil en los accidentes de tránsito: un análisis del sistema resarcitorio a las víctimas de accidentes de tránsito en Colombia y la posible implementación de los fondos de compensación
Authors: Urresta Laverde Mario Fernando
Published: April 2023

Los sistemas de resarcimiento a víctimas buscan indemnizar o compensar a las personas que han sufrido algún tipo de lesión en su persona o en sus bienes, entre ellos encontramos los sistemas de seguros, la responsabilidad civil y los fondos de compensación por accidentes. Colombia es uno de los países con mayores tasas de accidentes de tránsito y, en esta materia, nos encontramos con un marco institucional conformado por el SOAT, el Fosyga, el sistema general de salud, los seguros de responsabilidad no obligatorios y la responsabilidad civil; institucionalidad que en conjunto busca resarcir a las víctimas, pero que muchas veces no lo hace de forma eficiente. Es por ello que, en este trabajo se hace un análisis de los fondos de compensación creados originalmente en Nueva Zelanda, como una posible solución para complementar y hacer más eficiente el sistema de responsabilidad relativo a los accidentes de tránsito.
The relationship between body mass index and clinical properties/survival in patients with breast cancer
Authors: ERDOĞDU Batuhan , UTKAN Güngör
Published: April 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate relationship between body mass index (BMI) and recurrence/survival and to determine whether body mass index is a risk factor.
Methods: A retrospective study of 125 patients with breast cancer was performed. Age, sex, menopausal situation, body mass index, tumor size, axillary lymph node involvement and number, tumor degree, hormone receptor situation, cerbB-2 overexpression, tumor grade, chemotherapy dose and treatments, radiotherapy, metastasis, comorbidity, total survival and time of death were evaluated. Patients were compared as BMI < 30 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Kaplan-Meier method and Log Rank test was utilized for the overall survival of patients.
Results: In these 72 patients, 57.6% of patient’s body mass index BMI < 30 kg/m2 (non-obese) while 53 of the group (42.4%) BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (obese) were found in the group. The median follow-up was 158.32 months (95% CI: 130.45 to 186.19). The mean follow-up was 146 ± 46 months (95% Cl: 55.36-236.63) and 144 ± 28 months (95% CI: 88.19-199.81) for non-obese patients and obese patients respectively. Kaplan Meier plots were drawn for determination of the effect of body mass index in total survival. No significant difference was found statistically between two groups.
Conclusions: No significant difference was found statistically between BMI and recurrence/death. The future studies with long term follow up are needed to investigate the effect of body mass index on recurrence and survival in patients with breast cancer.
Analiza wpływu zwilżalności ośrodka skalnego na parametry termiczne na podstawie profilowań geofizycznych i danych laboratoryjnych
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Lis-Śledziona Anita , Słota-Valim Małgorzata ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Stadtmuller Marek
Published: April 2023

Celem prowadzonych badań była analiza i oszacowanie wpływu systemu zwilżalności ośrodka skalnego na jego parametry termiczne. W zależności od temperatury, składu mineralnego, porowatości i nasycenia wodą skałę charakteryzuje określona przewodność cieplna. Jednak nie tylko ilość wody w formacji wpływa na przewodność cieplną. Ważne jest także rozmieszczenie wody w skale, które w znacznym stopniu determinowane jest przez zwilżalność. Woda w skałach wodozwilżalnych pokrywa ziarna i tworzy tzw. film wodny na powierzchni minerałów, wypełnia także małe pory skały, tworząc strugi, ścieżki perkolacji dla migracji fazy przewodzącej ciepło (wody), ale też przewodzącej prąd elektryczny. W skałach hydrofobowych film wodny na powierzchni ziaren mineralnych jest nieciągły lub w ogóle go brak, gdyż większa część powierzchni skały pokryta jest ropą, natomiast woda w większości wypełnia centralną część porów o dużych średnicach. W pracy wykazano, że istnieje zależność pomiędzy systemem zwilżalności skały a przewodnością termiczną oraz przeprowadzono modelowanie ilościowe. Analizowano dane literaturowe z badań na hydrofilowych i hydrofobowych próbkach piasku przy różnym stopniu nasycenia wodą. Obserwacja eksperymentu prowadzącego do zmiany charakteru zwilżalności skały z hydrofilowej na hydrofobową na drodze powleczenia ziaren piasku polimerem zainspirowała autorów niniejszej pracy do zaproponowania dwóch równań przedstawiających zależność przewodności termicznej (λ) od współczynnika nasycenia wodą (Sw) dla skał wodozwilżalnych i skał ropozwilżalnych. W skałach wodozwilżalnych zaobserwowano wykładniczy wzrost przewodności cieplnej wraz ze wzrostem współczynnika nasycenia wodą, natomiast w skałach ropozwilżalnych zależność λ od Sw przedstawiono przy wykorzystaniu funkcji logistycznej. W ramach testowania modeli wykonano serię obliczeń dla czterech hipotetycznych skał klastycznych i czterech skał węglanowych. Przeprowadzono analizę wyników i obliczono przewodność termiczną w rzeczywistym ośrodku skalnym, wykształconym w postaci piaszczysto-ilastych utworów paleozoicznych, dla którego istniały opracowane wcześniej przez autorów wyniki interpretacji parametrów litologiczno-złożowych. Jednym z takich parametrów była obliczona i skalibrowana z wynikami badań laboratoryjnych krzywa zwilżalności. Stanowiła ona podstawę do podziału interpretowanego interwału na strefy wodozwilżane i ropozwilżalne. Ostatecznym wynikiem pracy jest estymacja zakresów zmienności przewodności cieplnej analizowanych skał w funkcji zwilżalności oraz parametrów petrofizycznych (zailenie Vcl, porowatość efektywna PHI, współczynnik nasycenia wodą Sw).
Determination of kinematic parameters of the compressor unit applied to low-pressure petroleum gas
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Aliyev Alesker M.
Published: April 2023

The collection and transportation of low-pressure gas released into the atmosphere from the oil fields is important in increasing gas production. This issue, which differs in its actuality, has both economic and pollution preveniton benefits. One such project, led by the UN Development Fund, was successfully implemented in the city of Siyazan, Azerbaijan. An electrically driven compressor unit of NQK-7/1-5 type with two oscillating cylinders is commonly used for such work. On visual inspection of the compressors undergoing repair, it was found that the seals in the pneumatic part and the elements of the cylinder-piston group are completely out of order, the gear teeth in the transmission part are broken, worn, the bearings are destroyed, the belts are torn, etc. Compressors sent for repair are almost always reassembled. A structural-kinematic analysis of the compressor installation was carried out to find out the causes of the existing malfunctions. For this purpose, a kinematic diagram of the conversion mechanism of the compressor – a slider-crank linkage mechanism was drawn up using the method of closed contours from projection equations relative to the X and Y axes, and based on the condition that the rotation angles of the piston and cylinder axes are equal, the instantaneous rotation angle, angular velocity and angular acceleration of the cylinder rotation, as well as instantaneous values of displacement, speed and acceleration of the piston inside the cylinder were found. It was shown that the designer's decision on the selection of the design scheme and determination of the product dimensions, which are one of the main issues in the design of the mechanism, should be made based on the results of the kinematic and dynamic analysis.
Corrosive behavior of pipeline steel 17G1C and 13G1C-U in environments NS1-NS3
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Polutrenko Miroslava S. , Hrytsuliak Halyna M. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Kotsyubynsky Andrij O. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Andrusiak Uliana B. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas
Published: April 2023

Results of long-term exposure tests (20 months) of 17G1C and 13G1C-U pipeline steel samples in NS1-NS3 model environments (soil electrolyte imitations) are presented in the article. It was established that during the exposure of steel samples in the studied model environments the rate of corrosion processes depends on the component composition of the model environments, the grade of steel and pH. Regardless of the grade of steel, the highest corrosion rate was observed for the NS1 environment, while the corrosion rate for the NS3 environment was almost 21% lower. In the case of the NS2 model environment, the corrosion rate reduction for 17G1C steel was 38.68%, and for 13G1C-U steel – 28.75%, compared to the exposure of these samples in the NS1 environment. The calculated multiple coefficients of determination and linear correlation coefficients indicate a strong relationship between these indicators. The phase composition and structure of corrosion products were determined by the X-ray diffractometer Shimadzu XRD‑7000 using the method of X-ray structural analysis. On the basis of the obtained radiographs, the dominant form of iron oxide, which does not depend on the grade of steel, was determined for each environment. The research results have practical value and can be used in predicting the behavior of underground structures in soils of different corrosive activity.
The effect of pollutants on the content of nutrients in soil
Authors:   PJSC “Ukrnafta”, Pukish Arsen V. , Sydorenko Olha I. ,   PJSC “Ukrnafta”, Mandryk Oleh M. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Korobeinykova Yaroslava S. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Tuts Oleh M. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas
Published: April 2023

Soil degradation occurs as a result of the ingress and accumulation of excessive amount of pollutants in the soil. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the complex effect of soil contamination (concentration of petroleum products, toxic salts, dense residue, sodium ions, sulfate ions, magnesium ions, calcium, chloride ions, bicarbonate ions) on the content of nutrients (alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humus). A detailed analysis of scientific papers has been carried out, based on which the main scientific tasks solved in the article have been formulated. It has been established that soil-salt processes are insufficiently studied and are the object of scientific research in recent years. At the first stage of research, sampling was carried out and the content of nutrients and pollutants in the soil was determined. Determination of element concentrations was performed by collecting soil samples and their subsequent laboratory testing. At the second stage, a correlation-regression analysis of the obtained data was performed and multiple linear regressions were established. The interaction of substances in the soil was determined by analyzing the obtained multiple linear regressions. Two types of soils were studied: with chloride and with sulfate type of salinization. For soils with chloride type of salinity, dependences have been established for the content of humus, alkaline nitrogen and potassium, while in case of phosphorus multiple linear regression does not exist. For soils with sulfate type of salinization, multiple linear regression dependences of concentrations of alkaline nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium have been determined. It is established that the complex influence of the studied elements is decisive. No regression dependence was found for the humus content, which indicates that the concentration of the studied elements has almost no effect on the humus content in the soil. Comparison of the obtained multiple linear regressions with the results of laboratory studies showed a good correlation between these data series. The obtained regularities of pollutant and nutrient interactions in soils are expected in future to enable creation of scientific bases for development of new methods of desalination of soils polluted by formation waters as well as for planning effective reclamation actions.
Dyrektywa RED II – obliczanie emisji GHG paliw odnawialnych
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Lubowicz Jan
Published: April 2023

Energia uzyskiwana ze źródeł odnawialnych (w tym biopaliw, biopłynów i biopaliw z biomasy) jest jednym z najważniejszych czynników koniecznych do zmniejszenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych. Przedstawiono szereg dokumentów, które z poziomu UE (dyrektywy) oraz krajowego (ustawy) regulują wymagania w zakresie spełnienia kryteriów zrównoważonego rozwoju, do których muszą być dostosowane paliwa odnawialne wprowadzane na rynek. Kluczowa w tym aspekcie jest dyrektywa 2018/2001 (RED II) w sprawie promowania stosowania energii ze źródeł odnawialnych, która w sposób szczegółowy reguluje kwestie formalno-prawne związane ze stosowaniem paliw ze źródeł odnawialnych. W głównej części pracy na podstawie dyrektywy RED II, a także wytycznych zawartych w dokumentach systemu certyfikacji KZR INiG przedstawiono sposób obliczania ograniczenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych GHG dla biopaliw, biopłynów i paliw z biomasy i innych produktów odnawialnych. Określenie ograniczenia emisji GHG pozwala na zweryfikowanie, czy dane paliwo odnawialne spełnia obowiązujące kryteria zrównoważonego rozwoju. Przedstawiono również wytyczne do prowadzenia obliczeń emisji GHG dla paliw odnawialnych, wskazując w nich sposób postępowania i zakres niezbędnych danych, które muszą zostać uzyskane w celu przeprowadzenia prawidłowych obliczeń. Dane te można pozyskać z oficjalnych publikacji organów unijnych i rządowych (dyrektywy, ustawy) lub innych zweryfikowanych źródeł. Każdą metodę wytwarzania danego biopaliwa, biopłynu czy paliwa z biomasy należy analizować w sposób indywidualny, tak aby prawidłowo zinwentaryzować wszystkie procesy i dane niezbędne do przeprowadzenia obliczeń emisji GHG.
IMPORTANCE OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH
Authors: ABDULLAEVA Mukhtasar
Published: April 2023

Abstract

This article discusses the importance of innovative technologies in teaching English. In addition, this work aims to explore the possibilities of Internet technologies to expand the horizons of schoolchildren, establish and maintain business relations and contacts with peers in English-speaking countries. Students can take part in online tests, quizzes, contests, Olympiads, correspond with their peers in other countries, chat, videoconference, etc. In the communicative approach, the use of the Internet is highly encouraged: its purpose is to interest students in learning a foreign language by accumulating and expanding their knowledge and experience. Technological development brings benefits. It increments efficiency and brings citizens unused and superior products and administrations that make strides their by and large standard of living. The benefits of advancement are in some cases moderate to materialize. The benefits of modern innovation in learning the English language are also discussed in the article. They facilitate English language students engage with the language. Equipment permits language learners to break away from the materials and find out real-life English materials that sparkle their concentration and boost their language learning. Technology increments the students’ chance for authentic communication with native speakers and other language learners at different levels within or outside the classroom. Training leads to excellence and technology-rich language learning makes it achievable. There are some online activities which can help students learn the language individually. The article highlights the situation of pandemic period Covid-19 all over the world. At that time everybody sat at home and had to study online.
La potencialidad moral del conflicto : implicaciones ético-políticas sobre el reconocimiento
Authors: Carrasquilla Jesús
Published: April 2023

El conflicto es la vida de la política y de las luchas por el reconocimiento. Según Stuart Hampshire (2002), la justicia es conflicto porque permite valorar las acciones humanas, así como las instituciones sociales y políticas que posibilitan esas acciones. Dicho de otra manera, la justicia es una forma de evaluar moralmente las prácticas e instituciones de la sociedad. Por su parte, Axel Honneth se vale de una fenomenología de los sentimientos de injusticia, de desprecio y de humillación para develar los conflictos sociales y configurar las luchas por el reconocimiento como un nuevo paradigma de justicia. No se trata meramente de un problema de psicología social; es un problema, como dirá John Rawls, «estrictamente político», porque trata de la vida en común y de los acuerdos que permiten una mayor convivencia entre todos dentro de sociedades pluralistas.
La vigencia de la Constitución en América Latina
Authors: Landa Arroyo César
Published: April 2023

La presente propuesta pretende acercar un punto de vista a los problemas planteados, desarrollándolos metodológicamente en cuatro partes: primero, la naturaleza de la sociedad; segundo, el carácter de este Estado; tercero, el proceso democrático, y; cuarto, el sistema constitucional.
Personality Traits, Consumer Home Value, and Mortgage Debt
Authors: Pearson Blain M. , Quadria Taufiq Hasan , Asebedo Sarah
Published: April 2023

Research on residential preferences has consistently orbited around their been correlation with economic and social factors. This study builds on the existing literature by investigating the personality characteristics that shape residential behavior. The specific objective is to examine the Big Five personality traits (OCEAN)—openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism—and their relationship with the value of individuals’ primary residences and mortgage debt using data collected from the Health and Retirement Study. Regression models are estimated to examine the associations between the OCEAN personality traits and home value and mortgage debt. The findings reveal the following associations: openness and conscientiousness are associated positively, and agreeableness is associated negatively, with larger home values; whereas openness and agreeableness are associated positively, and conscientiousness and neuroticism are associated negatively, with larger mortgage debts.
Using Cognitive Science and Technology to Enhance Financial Education: The Effect of Spaced Retrieval Practice
Authors: Kang Sean H. K. , Eglington Luke G. , Schuetze Brendan A. , Lu Xinyi , Hinterstoisser Tanja M. , Huaco Jimena
Published: April 2023

Financial literacy is an important life skill, yet the impact of financial education has often been found to be modest. We conducted a field experiment to assess the effectiveness of a postinstruction intervention using a smartphone app that incorporated cognitive science principles aimed at improving learning. College students who completed a required credit review workshop during their sophomore year used the smartphone app in one of three practice conditions: control (no practice), massed, or spaced retrieval practice with elaborative feedback. On a final assessment about 5 months later, students who engaged in spaced retrieval practice were superior to those in the control and massed practice conditions in terms of knowledge. Given the ubiquity of smartphones today, the results highlight the potential of harnessing easily accessible technology as learning tools to augment the retention and transfer of knowledge.
Social Factors Associated With Financial Behavior of Women Borrowing Microfinance Loans: Evidence From a Developing Economy
Authors: Domingo D. D. A. S. M. , Buvanendra S.
Published: April 2023

Women borrowers in the microfinance sector can have an important social and economic impact on any economy. The financial behavior of women is one of the important issues besetting a country, particularly a developing country. However, social factors associated with women’s financial behavior have not been investigated adequately. This study aimed at examining social factors associated with women’s financial behavior within the microfinance sector of the Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka. A sample of 298 women living in civil war-affected provinces who have secured microfinance loans and were currently suffering from the consequences of such borrowings was used for the study. The results obtained from the structured questionnaire showed that financial socialization, perceived social support, and personal social capital are associated with the financial behavior of these women. The findings of this study have implications for policymakers, microfinance institutions, and scholars in their attempts to expand support for women borrowers.
Modifikasi Pati Canna Edulis Kerr. Sebagai Potensi Pengganti Tepung Terigu
Authors: Munfarida Siti
Published: April 2023

Pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin tinggi berdampak pada kebutuhan pangan yang semakin meningkat, salah satunya adalah tepung terigu. Meningkatnya impor tepung terigu belum menemukan solusi. Umbi ganyong memiliki kandungan karbohidrat tinggi yang berpotensi sebagai alternatif selain tepung terigu. Namun, pengolahan pati ganyong tidak mencukupi sifat fungsionalnya. Produk yang dihasilkan memiliki warna kecoklatan, kelarutan dan daya kembang rendah. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kondisi optimum proses oksidasi pati ganyong dengan hidrogen peroksida (H2O2) menjadi alternatif terigu sesuai standar mutu SNI 3751:2009. Bahan bakunya adalah umbi canna putih yang digunakan. Pati dioksidasi menggunakan H2O2 2% pati dengan perbandingan slurry 10%, 20% dan 30% dalam waktu 30, 60, 90, dan 120 menit. Hasilnya dianalisis untuk mengetahui tingkat daya kembang dan kelarutan dalam air. Waktu dan konsentrasi slurry yang optimal diperoleh pada 60 menit dan 10%. Dilanjutkan untuk mencari H2O2 optimum. Daya kembang dan kelarutan tertinggi diperoleh pada H2O2 2% berat pati. Kondisi optimum adalah konsentrasi slurry 10%, H2O2 2% dan waktu oksidasi 60 menit. Nilai daya kembang sebesar 2,9 dan kelarutan dalam air sebesar 0,0609. Analisis proksimat ditemukan karbohidrat 85,956%, protein 2,365%, lemak 0%, air 11,425% dan abu 0,254%. Sedangkan hasil uji derajat putih menunjukkan nilai kecerahan sebesar 91,95. Dibandingkan dengan tepung komersial, sifat fungsional pati termodifikasi masih di bawah kebutuhan. Diperlukan proses oksidasi lebih lanjut untuk menghasilkan tepung terigu sesuai standar.
Application of Capacitive Sensor for Measuring Grain Moisture Content Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Eka Putri Renny , Erza Pratama Wiranda , Ifmalinda Ifmalinda
Published: April 2023

Moisture content is one of the factors that determine the selling value of grains. A good water content by standard is around 14%. Determination of water content is generally done using an oven, for farmers this method is quite complicated because farmers have to bring samples to the laboratory, besides that it also requires a lot of money and a long time. This study aims to develop a real-time measurement of grain moisture content using an IoT-based capacitive sensor, which is able to measure the water content of crop yields in the form of grains and is monitored directly using Android in realtime. This research begins by designing a schematic of the circuit system, designing the structure of the tool, making the tool, carrying out the tool calibration process, testing the tool to measure the moisture content in different grain samples including grain, corn, green beans, and beans. soybeans with five variations of water content at 9%-27% intervals, validated the water content measuring instrument test with several observations including grain moisture content, tool response time, and tool error as well as comparing the results of measuring grain moisture content using this instrument. standard measure with the designed measuring instrument. Based on the results of the research, the research instrument designed can measure the water content of the four test samples properly, from the calibration results of the research water content measuring instrument, the overall R2 value is 0,9902; which means that the measurement results of the research instrument are close to the actual value. The results of the analysis of observations of water content obtained an average difference in reading values ranging from 0,19%-0,41% with an average percentage error obtained ranging from 1,18%-2,12% and an average response time reading of 26,33 sec.
The Authentication of Aceh Rice Variety Sigupai Using Portable Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectrometer
Authors: Purwanto Y.  Aris , Masyitah  , Widodo Slamet
Published: April 2023

Sigupai merupakan varietas beras aromatik yang menjadi ciri khas kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya. Beberapa karakteristik unggulan membuat varietas ini menjadi komoditas yang banyak diminati dan mahal. Keberadaan varietas ini sekarang sulit ditemukan, umur panen yang cukup lama sehingga masyarakat jarang membudidayakan verietas sigupai.  Akibatnya banyak pedagang atau petani yang sering melakukan praktik pemalsuan yang pada akhirnya akan merugikan konsumen. Kemungkinan pemalsuan produk ini dilakukan dengan mencampur, atau bahkan mengganti beras berkualitas tinggi dengan beras yang lebih murah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melalukan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif terhadap keaslian beras sigupai secara non-destruktif menggunakan portable near-infrared spectrometer. Pada analisis kualitatif menggunakan 86 sampel beras (43 sampel asli dan 43 sampel yang dipalsukan). Analisis secara kuantitatif menggunakan 44 sampel beras (pencampuran beras dengan persentase 0% - 30%). Kedua metode ini dianalisis dengan partial least square-driscriminant analysis (PLS-DA) dan partial least square regression (PLS-R). Hasil analisis kualitatif model yang dikembangkan mampu membedakan beras sigupai asli dan beras yang dipalsukan dengan akurasi, sensitivitas, spesifisitas, dan false alarm rate, yaitu masing-masing 89.29%, 92.86%, 85.71%, dan 14.29%. Untuk analisis kuantitatif  model yang dikembangkan mampu menduga tingkat keaslian beras sigupai dengan nilai r = 0.96, SEC = 1.52, SEP = 1.50, RPD = 5.93, dan konsistensi = 100.69. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa portable near-infrared spectrometer berpotensi digunakan sebagai instrument untuk analisis keaslian beras sigupai di lapangan.
Selenium Nanoparticles as Delivery System Against Various Diseases
Authors: Kumar Mandal Ardhendu
Published: April 2023

Several obstacles such as drug insolubility, non-specificity, poor bioavailability, high dose requirements, cytotoxicity, blood-brain barrier, drug resistance and biofilm development generally hamper medical conventional chemotherapeutic treatments leading to aggravation of disease-state causing ultimate death of patient. To overcome the biological barriers, nanotechnology-based selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted attention recently as drug delivery system as well as nanomedicine in combating several diseases such as inflammation, arthritis, diabetes, infection, neurological disorders, and cancer. The biocompatible, degradable, less toxic, quantum sized with large surface-to-volume ratio, largely differed surface atoms and spherical shaped SeNPs may be surface-functionalized with ligands and / or encapsulated with polymeric vesicle and cargo for biomedical applications to target their payloads to specific cells with controlled release. Moreover, SeNPs have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-carcinogenic and immune regulatory activities as a delivery system. Therefore, cargo loaded SeNPs attached with ligands and / or vesicles may be utilized for synergistic bio medicinal applications to get their higher bioavailability and therapeutic efficacies with sustained drug release to specific site/s of interest against diseases. This review elucidates the current advances regarding their synthesis, functionalization, mechanism of action, biomedical applications, toxicity, and elimination as a potent targeted delivery system against different diseases.
Impact of thermal water on environment case study of Mila and Guelma region, Algeria
Authors: KİFOUCHE Rima , BOUAICHA Foued , BOUTERAA Oualid
Published: April 2023

A hydrochemical characterization of the waters of the study region (North-East Algeria) was carried out following samples taken at 36 thermal springs and their effluents during May 2022. The analysis of the waters allowed to establish the chemical facies and their classification according to the Stuyfzand's method and to deduce the aptitude of these waters for irrigation and the risks of salinity. The results revealed physico-chemical characteristics, relatively, variable. Q-mode cluster analysis was applied to the thermal water, generated four (4) groups clusters. Group1 represent a group of waters with low salinity dominatedby Na-HCO3; Stuyfzand's classification indicated that the waters are fresh-brackish with moderate to moderately high alkalinity. Taking into account the classification of Richards; we were able to identify the presence of the C3S1 class for the majority of the stations. The C3S1 class designates waters that can be used without any particular control for the irrigation of crops that are moderately tolerant to salts. These waters have average EC values of 3616.3µS/cm allowing their use in a less restrictive way for irrigation. Potential environmental effluents from the thermal spas could pollute both irrigation and drinking water, which represents a danger to the health of the region's inhabitants.