bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Robot Ground Medium Classification Algorithm Based on Feature Fusion and Adaptive Spatio-Temporal Cascade Networks
Authors: Feng Changqun , Dong Keming , Ou Xinyu
Published: September 2024

With technological advancements and scientific progress, mobile robots have found widespread applications across various fields. To enable robots to perform tasks safely and effectively in diverse and unknown environments, this paper proposes a ground medium classification algorithm for robots based on feature fusion and an adaptive spatio-temporal cascade network. Specifically, the original directional features in the dataset are first transformed into quaternion form. Then, spatio-temporal forward and reverse neighbors are identified using KD trees, and their connection strengths are evaluated via a kernel density estimation algorithm to determine the final set of neighbors. Subsequently, based on the connection strengths determined in the previous step, we perform noise reduction on the features using discrete wavelet transform. The noise-reduced features are then weighted and fused to generate a new feature representation.After feature fusion, the Adaptive Dynamic Convolutional Neural Network (ADC) proposed in this paper is cascaded with the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network to further extract hybrid spatio-temporal feature information from the dataset, culminating in the final terrain classification. Experiments on the terrain type classification dataset demonstrate that our method achieves an average accuracy of 97.46% and an AUC of 99.80%, significantly outperforming other commonly used algorithms in the field. Furthermore, the effectiveness of each module in the proposed method is further demonstrated through ablation experiments.
Dual CAR-T cell therapy for glioblastoma: strategies to cure tumour diseases based on a mathematical model
Authors: Bodnar Marek , Piotrowska Monika J. , Bodzioch Mariusz , Belmonte-Beitia Juan , Foryś Urszula
Published: September 2024

The CAR-T cell immunotherapy entails the genetic reprogramming of T-lymphocytes, which then engage with cancer cells, triggering an anti-tumour immune response. While this treatment has gained approval for hematological cancers, addressing solid tumours presents new obstacles. Challenges include the heterogeneity of antigen expression within solid tumours, encompassing antigen-positive non-tumoural cells, the presence of immune inhibitory molecules, and the difficulty of CAR-T cell trafficking within the tumour microenvironment. In this article, we analytically study a generalisation of a mathematical model proposed by León-Triana et al. (Cancers 13(4):703, 2021a. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040703, Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul 94:105570). This model focuses on the dynamics of glioblastoma, the most aggressive brain tumour, and its response to CAR-T cell treatment. We study the basic properties of the model, the dynamics of the solutions of the model when the treatment is not sustained during the time, and finally we study analytically the model when the therapy is constant, periodic and/or impulsive. We derive sufficient conditions for global stability of tumour-free equilibrium, as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for local stability of the equilibrium obtaining conditions for an effective treatment. Finally, we perform different numerical simulations to find the strategies to keep the tumour under control. The obtained results are based on a combination of different analytical techniques in differential equations, dynamical systems and numerical simulations.
Global convergence of Newton’s method for the regularized p-Stokes equations
Authors: Schmidt Niko
Published: September 2024

The motion of glaciers can be simulated with the $$\varvec{p}$$

p

-Stokes equations. Up to now, Newton’s method to solve these equations has been analyzed in finite-dimensional settings only. We analyze the problem in infinite dimensions to gain a new viewpoint. We do that by proving global convergence of the infinite-dimensional Newton’s method with Armijo step sizes to the solution of these equations. We only have to add an arbitrarily small diffusion term for this convergence result. We prove that the additional diffusion term only causes minor differences in the solution compared to the original $$\varvec{p}$$

p

-Stokes equations under the assumption of some regularity. Finally, we test our algorithms on two experiments: A reformulation of the experiment ISMIP-HOM $$\varvec{B}$$

B

without sliding and a block with sliding. For the former, the approximation of exact step sizes for the Picard iteration and exact step sizes and Armijo step sizes for Newton’s method are superior in the experiment compared to the Picard iteration. For the latter experiment, Newton’s method with Armijo step sizes needs many iterations until it converges fast to the solution. Thus, Newton’s method with approximately exact step sizes is better than Armijo step sizes in this experiment.
Finding One’s Way Through the Gender Expanse: Examining the Use of Metaphors in Gender-Affirming Care as a Step Toward More Inclusive Spiritual Care Practices
Authors: Smit Jake , Schuhmann Carmen , Zwama Marein T.
Published: September 2024

Chaplains can play a unique role in providing care for trans and gender-diverse (TGD) people by addressing their spiritual needs. However, spiritual care for TGD individuals may fail to be inclusive in at least three ways: spiritual care may focus solely on religious TGD people, on a limited part of the whole range of gender identities, or on a specific route toward gender affirmation. In this article, the aim is to develop an inclusive perspective on spiritual care for TGD people. To that end, inspired by work by Susan Sontag, we examine spiritual care for TGD individuals through the philosophical lens of social imaginaries, focussing particularly on metaphors, tracing how metaphors used in care for TGD people have changed over time. We elaborate on the potential of the metaphor of “orientation in gender-expansive space,” based on queer theory and literature about worldview-inclusive chaplaincy, for envisioning an inclusive approach to gender-affirming spiritual care.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Casirivimab and Imdevimab in Pediatric and Adult Non-Infected Individuals, Pediatric and Adult Ambulatory or Hospitalized Patients or Household Contacts of Patients Infected with SARS-COV-2
Authors: Lin Kuan-Ju , Turner Kenneth C. , Rosario Maria , Harnisch Lutz O. , Davis John D. , DiCioccio A. Thomas
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Casirivimab (CAS) and imdevimab (IMD) are two fully human monoclonal antibodies that bind different epitopes on the receptor binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and block host receptor interactions. CAS + IMD and was developed for the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Methods

A population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analysis was conducted using pooled data from 7598 individuals from seven clinical studies to simultaneously fit concentration–time data of CAS and IMD and investigate selected covariates as sources of variability in PK parameters. The dataset comprised CAS + IMD-treated pediatric and adult non-infected individuals, ambulatory or hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, or household contacts of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Results

CAS and IMD concentration–time data were both appropriately described simultaneously by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption following subcutaneous dose administration and first-order elimination. Clearance estimates of CAS and IMD were 0.193 and 0.236 L/day, respectively. Central volume of distribution estimates were 3.92 and 3.82 L, respectively. Among the covariates identified as significant, body weight and serum albumin had the largest impact (20–34%, and ~ 7–31% change in exposures at extremes, respectively), while all other covariates resulted in small differences in exposures. Application of the PopPK model included simulations to support dose recommendations in pediatrics based on comparable exposures of CAS and IMD between different weight groups in pediatrics and adults following weight-based dosing regimens.

Conclusions

This analysis provided important insights to characterize CAS and IMD PK simultaneously in a diverse patient population and informed pediatric dose selection.
Realization of Short-Term Fertility Intentions in a Comparative Perspective: Which Macro-Level Conditions Matter?
Authors: Spéder Zsolt , Bálint Lajos
Published: September 2024

This is the first large-scale comparative study to search for macro-level determinants of the realization of short-term fertility intentions across European countries. Using the unique follow-up feature of the Generations and Gender Survey and adopting rigorous definitions of intentions and outcomes, it reports on the level of fulfilment and finds clear heterogeneity across European countries. Using a multilevel, multivariate approach, it examines the nature of macro-level factors that may explain differences in the realization of fertility intentions. Based on our analysis, we conclude that labour market stability (as measured by fluctuations in the unemployment rate), price stability, heavy welfare state involvement, and the dominance of certain attitudinal conditions all support the greater realization of short-term fertility intentions.
The Origin and Composition of Saturn’s Ring Moons
Authors: Ciarniello Mauro , Filacchione Gianrico , Nicholson Philip D. , Hedman Matthew M. , Charnoz Sebastien , Cuzzi Jeffrey N. , El Moutamid Maryame , Hendrix Amanda R. , Rambaux Nicolas , Miller Kelly E. , Mousis Olivier , Baillié Kevin , Estrada Paul R. , Waite J. Hunter
Published: September 2024

Here we review the origin, evolution, and compositional properties of Saturn’s ring moons. This class of eleven small satellites includes objects orbiting near the outer edge of the main rings (Pan, Daphnis, Atlas, Prometheus, Pandora, Janus, Epimetheus) and “ring-embedded” moons (Aegeon, Methone, Anthe, Pallene) orbiting inward of Enceladus and associated with either diffuse or partial rings. We discuss current formation scenarios, according to which ring moons could originate either in the main rings from accretion onto original seeds denser than the ring material, or outside the A ring from spontaneous accretion of ring particles, and then evolve outwards due to gravitational torque from the rings. Remote sensing observations of the ring moons from the Cassini mission are analyzed in the broader context of Saturn’s icy moons and main rings observations. Spectroscopic data support a compositional paradigm similar to the main rings, dominated by water ice, and smaller amounts of two separate contaminants, in the form of a UV absorber and a spectrally neutral darkening material. Global radial trends in the spectral properties of the ring moons suggest that the surface composition is significantly affected by a complex interplay of exogenous processes, among which the contamination from nearby A ring particles, meteoritic bombardment, charged particle flux, and E ring particle accumulation, depending on the corresponding magnitude at the ring moon orbital distance and exposure time. These processes modify the original composition inherited by the rings and, coupled with the fact that the surface composition is likely representative only of the ring moon outer layers, make it difficult to trace back the present composition to a given ring moon formation scenario.
Morality vs. Politics as a Framing Problem: How (Not) to Misunderstand the Fight Against Climate Change
Authors: Cíbik Matej
Published: September 2024

This paper is guided by two research hypotheses: (1) In contemporary public discourse, many of the most urgent political problems are predominantly framed and understood in moral terms; (2) this shift in framing has far-reaching consequences, impeding our understanding of the underlying problems and their eventual solution. The two hypotheses are demonstrated using multiple examples, with the fight against climate change serving as the main case study. The moral framing (thinking in terms of individual actions, duties and obligations, blame and personal responsibility) is shown to crowd out political considerations (focused on institutions and policy), even when such moral considerations are either out of place or immaterial. Consequently, individual actions and responsibility are shown to be overemphasized in contemporary public discourse to such an extent that the viable political solutions are often discounted or overlooked.

The context of the argument offered here is provided by the realism-moralism debate on the distinction between morality and politics. The ambition of the paper is to show that, regardless of their possible deeper distinction (the “distinctively political normativity”), there is a strong pragmatic case for carefully distinguishing between ethical and political theorizing. Morality and politics provide different frames, distinct interpretive frameworks that consequently give rise to contrasting solutions. Therefore, they need to be kept apart.
Complete atrioventricular canal in a dog—sounds like a final judgment but is it actually one? A case report
Authors: Graczyk Szymon , Grzeczka Arkadiusz , Pasławski Robert , Pasławska Urszula
Published: September 2024

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is an important subset of all cardiovascular diseases in dogs. Among them, there are a number of other less commonly described congenital malformations. One of these is the atrioventricular canal, which involves a defect that has several phenotypes. This report details a case of a complete atrioventricular canal (cAVC) defect. Using Rastelli’s classification scheme, the diagnosis of a type-A cAVC defect was based on two-dimensional, contrast, and color Doppler echocardiography. Despite a severe defect that resulted in the atypical anatomy of the atrioventricular apparatus, as well as significant hemodynamic changes in the heart, the affected dog remained asymptomatic throughout the 48-month follow-up period. Due to its stable clinical condition, the decision was made not to begin pharmacological therapy. As this defect is rare in dogs, there are limited data in the literature on this condition. Therefore, in clinical practice, the management and monitoring of the patient may pose difficulties. Due to such limited data, it can be very difficult to provide a prognosis. For the above reasons, we hope that the following case will contribute valuable information for the monitoring of this kind of CHD.
Single-dose 1cp-LSD administration for canine anxiety: a pilot study
Authors: Henríquez-Hernández Luis Alberto , García-Serrano Ignacio , Quintana-Hernández Domingo J. , Rojas-Hernández Jaime , Hernández-Álvarez Elisa , Zumbado Manuel , Fernández-Borkel Tobías , Borkel Lucas F.
Published: September 2024

Anxiety affects 14–20% of dogs. Pharmacological treatments often fail. Psychedelics have shown to be useful for anxiety and depression in humans, but their veterinary use remains unexplored. We aimed to determine the effects of low-dose 1-cyclopropionyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1cp-LSD) administered in a single dose to a dog, to observe the effect and establish the safety of the substance. The patient was a 13-year-old female dog, weighing 13 kg, mixed breed, and spayed. A total of 5 µg was administered orally, equivalent to 0.38 µg/kg. The animal has had a history of separation related behavioral problems throughout her life. To objectively assess the degree of anxiety in the dog, a validated scale was utilized. The trial was scheduled at the house where the animal lives. The owner was present throughout the experience. Informed consent was obtained prior to the assay. The trial began at 12:15 p.m. on January 10, 2024, lasting for 5 and a half hours. The response to anxiety-inducing stimuli was equally anxious during the first two hours. From that point onwards, a significant change in the animal’s behavior was observed, with no signs/mild signs of anxiety. The trial concluded without any adverse effects on the animal. The patient did not show signs of having a psychedelic experience. This is the first time that a study of this nature has been conducted and reported in the canine species. 1cp-LSD proved to be safe and exerted the desired effect on the animal’s behavior, significantly reducing the patient’s anxiety.
Chemical, elemental, morphological and toxicological characteristics of traditional Indian Siddha formulation: Kasthuri Karuppu
Authors: Kannan N. , NV Anil Kumar , Balaji S.
Published: September 2024

The chemical, elemental, morphological and toxicological characteristics of organometallic formulation (Kasthuri Karuppu) were assessed using UV-spectrophotometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ICP-OES, Energy dispersive X-ray, XRD and Zeta potential. The physical properties such as size (10–80 nm), surface area (3.1 m2/g), surface charge (-36mV), and bandgap energy (3.6 eV) were correlated with reactivity. Based on the elemental distribution of Hg, As and S, the proportion favours HgS that is less toxic and reactive. There were no toxic effects of the tested formulation at concentration 60 µg/mL against normal and cancer cells (observed during 24 h). However, the increase in time duration (72 h) had lethal effects in both the cells. The developmental toxicity of the organometallic formulation was assessed in Zebrafish embryos. The safe dosage was found to be 100 µg/mL. The toxicity of the formulation in vitro and in vivo is based on the exposure time and dosage.
Single Cell Sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Paul Rohan S. , Atkinson Carl , Malone Andrew F.
Published: September 2024

Purpose of Review

Progress in biology and medicine relies on technological advances. The ability to examine gene expression from single cells in tissues with complex architecture is now possible with the advent of single cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics methods. This review will outline how these methods have been applied to kidney transplantation and their inherent challenges and limitations.

Recent Findings

The transcriptomes of single cells can now be defined in health and disease allowing for the differences to be investigated. Advanced in situ sequencing and capture methodologies now add spatial resolution to single cell transcriptomics. However, such powerful methods bring challenges, most notably the associated computational burden that is required to make the resulting high-dimensional output data interpretable. A second challenge is that of cost. Thankfully, as with many new technologies’ costs will drop over time making these methods available to more research groups.

The sequencing and analysis of gene expression at the single cell level with spatial information retained is now feasible. These methods are major advances for biomedical research and bring huge potential with regards to the better understanding of disease at cellular and organ levels.
Beyond words: unveiling the implications of blank reviews in online rating systems
Authors: Mellinas Juan Pedro , Leoni Veronica
Published: September 2024

This study analyzes how review length relates to numerical scores on online platforms, conducting separate analyses for positive and negative comments and accounting for non-linearities in the relationship. Moreover, we consider the role played by blank reviews, i.e. those ratings without textual content, a topic that has been largely overlooked in previous works. Our findings suggest that blank reviews are positively correlated with higher scores, which has important implications for the ordering of reviews on online platforms. We propose that these results can be explained by social exchange theory, which suggests that less strict review policies could increase engagement and lead to a more balanced evaluation of establishments. This could offset the tendency of dissatisfied guests to disproportionately report negative experiences. Future studies should compare the composition of guest reviews on platforms adopting differing review policies.
Passive domestic air-conditioning using PCM modules
Authors: Gayar Karim El , Taha Karim , El Mahallawy Nahed
Published: September 2024

Passive cooling systems have garnered much attention in recent years as a sustainable and cost-effective method of regulating indoor temperatures. Phase change materials (PCM) are a promising technology for such systems, as they can store and release large amounts of thermal energy during the phase transition process while maintaining the temperature in a very specific range. In this study, we investigated the performance of a passive cooling system using PCM modules and evaluated the effect of different variables on its cooling efficiency. Several tests were conducted, varying the ambient temperature, number of plates, and PCM type to determine the optimal conditions for the system. A PCM with a melting temperature of around 22 °C was used and was compared to ice. While ice showed a larger cooling effect, the advantage of the PCM emerged with elevated ambient temperatures. Compared to ice, and due to the smaller the temperature difference ΔT between the PCM melting temperature and the ambient temperature, the cooling effect of the PCM, lasted for a significantly longer time. Moreover, increasing the number of plates proved to elongate the cooling effect, due to increasing the overall thermal storage capacity of the system. Overall, our findings suggest that a passive cooling system using PCM technology can be an effective solution for regulating indoor temperatures. However, careful consideration must be given to the choice of PCM type and melting temperature, as well as the number of plates in the system, to optimize its performance.
„Wer glaubt, lebt selig!?“ – Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Intensität des christlichen Glaubens und der Lebenszufriedenheit
Authors: Germann Lena , Rölle Daniel
Published: September 2024

Lebenszufriedenheit ist ein Thema, das jedes Individuum betrifft. Die individuell relevanten Inhalte der Lebenszufriedenheit können bei jeder Person unterschiedlich sein und vor allem verschiedene Ausprägungen besitzen. So konnten zahlreiche Studien einen Zusammenhang zwischen Lebenszufriedenheit und dem Glauben, beispielsweise an Gott, sicherstellen. Jedoch existiert bisher keine Studie, welche die verschiedenen Glaubensrichtungen getrennt voneinander untersucht. Die vorliegende, quantitative Untersuchung basiert auf einer Online-Befragung von N = 286 Teilnehmenden. Zentrales Thema des Beitrags ist es den Zusammenhang eines evangelischen Glaubens mit der Lebenszufriedenheit des Individuums zu untersuchen. Die Lebenszufriedenheit wird in persönliche und soziale Aspekte differenziert und der Glaube in fünf Dimensionen dargestellt: Orientierung an biblischen Werten, Vertrauen auf Gott, Praktizierung des Glaubens, subjektive Glaubensintensität und Gottesvorstellung. Der Zusammenhang der verschiedenen Dimensionen mit der Lebenszufriedenheit wird mittels Korrelationen und Regressionen berechnet. Diese ergeben geringe bis mittelgroße Zusammenhänge zwischen der Lebenszufriedenheit und den Dimensionen Orientierung an biblischen Werten, Vertrauen auf Gott, subjektive Glaubensintensität und Gottesvorstellung. Grundlegend zeigt sich, dass der christliche Glaube und die Lebenszufriedenheit positiv zusammenhängen.
A Transdisciplinary Analysis of the 2009 Catastrophe in Giampilieri Superiore by Land Use Evolution Over Time
Authors: Di Gregorio Salvatore , Lupiano Valeria , Forno Francesca , Calidonna Claudia Roberta , Catelan Paolo , Chidichimo Francesco
Published: September 2024

On October 1 2009 a deluge hit the Peloritani Mountains, in NE Sicily, Italy, where the rainfall data recorded 225 mm in 9 h. Giampilieri Superiore was the most affected townlet in terms of infrastructural damages and human losses (37 dead, 37 wounded, and more than 1000 evacuees). The debris flows, triggered by flash floods wreaked havoc of the urban structure. More than 200 mln € was granted to protection works for conveying water and debris flows to bypass the town. The disaster was numerically simulated by SCIDDICA (Digital Twin) with excellent approximation, and the effects of the safety installation were tested as well, proving to offer sufficient protection for the village. The Peloritani area overlooking the Ionian See flourished during the Saracen domination, whose legacy of systems of terraces, cisterns and wells guaranteed the finest water management in steep terrains, allowing a safe emplacement of watermills, around which Giampilieri and other villages developed. This hydraulic legacy has been undermined during the last decades due to lack of appropriate maintenance because of the progressive loss of the Saracen culture. It is unconceivable that subsidies on the scale granted to Giampilieri are sustainable when facing innumerable future climatic disasters. A cheaper and more viable solution is to be found, e.g., the settlement of immigrants in the area, promoting the labor-social inclusion of those persons who already possess such a Saracen culture or are willing to acquire it from the last local depositaries, according to a retro-innovation perspective and methodology.
Interrogating data-independent acquisition LC–MS/MS for affinity proteomics
Authors: Tabb David L. , Kaniyar Mohammed Hanzala , Bringas Omar G. Rosas , Shin Heaji , Di Stefano Luciano , Taylor Martin S. , Xie Shaoshuai , Yilmaz Omer H. , LaCava John
Published: September 2024

Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) LC–MS/MS is an attractive partner for co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and affinity proteomics in general. Reducing the variability of quantitation by DIA could increase the statistical contrast for detecting specific interactors versus what has been achieved in Data-Dependent Acquisition (DDA). By interrogating affinity proteomes featuring both DDA and DIA experiments, we sought to evaluate the spectral libraries, the missingness of protein quantity tables, and the CV of protein quantities in six studies representing three different instrument manufacturers. We examined four contemporary bioinformatics workflows for DIA: FragPipe, DIA-NN, Spectronaut, and MaxQuant. We determined that (1) identifying spectral libraries directly from DIA experiments works well enough that separate DDA experiments do not produce larger spectral libraries when given equivalent instrument time; (2) experiments involving mock pull-downs or IgG controls may feature such indistinct signals that contemporary software will struggle to quantify them; (3) measured CV values were well controlled by Spectronaut and DIA-NN (and FragPipe, which implements DIA-NN for the quantitation step); and (4) when FragPipe builds spectral libraries and quantifies proteins from DIA experiments rather than performing both operations in DDA experiments, the DIA route results in a larger number of proteins quantified without missing values as well as lower CV for measured protein quantities.
Deep learning-driven evaluation and prediction of ion-doped NASICON materials for enhanced solid-state battery performance
Authors: Zhao Zirui , Wang Xiaoke , Wu Si , Zhou Pengfei , Zhao Qian , Xu Guanping , Sun Kaitong , Li Hai-Feng
Published: September 2024

NASICON (Na$$_{1+x}$$

1
+
x

Zr$$_2$$

2

Si$$_x$$

x

P$$_{3-x}$$

3
-
x

O$$_{12}$$

12

) is a well-established solid-state electrolyte, renowned for its high ionic conductivity and excellent chemical stability, rendering it a promising candidate for solid-state batteries. However, the intricate influence of ion doping on their performance has been a central focus of research, with existing studies often lacking comprehensive evaluation methods. This study introduces a deep-learning-based approach to efficiently evaluate ion-doped NASICON materials. We developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model capable of predicting the performance of various ion-doped NASICON compounds by leveraging extensive datasets from prior experimental investigation. The model demonstrated high accuracy and efficiency in predicting ionic conductivity and electrochemical properties. Key findings include the successful synthesis and validation of three NASICON materials predicted by the model, with experimental results closely matching the model’s predictions. This research not only enhances the understanding of ion-doping effects in NASICON materials but also establishes a robust framework for material design and practical applications. It bridges the gap between theoretical predictions and experimental validations.

Graphical Abstract
Landowner Perceptions toward Adopting Patch-Burn and Mixed-Species Grazing for Rangelands in the U.S. Southern Great Plains
Authors: Adhikari Saroj , Thapa Bhawna , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Joshi Omkar
Published: September 2024

The sustainability of grazed rangelands can be improved by adopting innovative management practices that enhance the ecological resilience, productivity, and long-term viability of rangeland ecosystems. This study applied a bivariate Multiple Indicator–Multiple Causation model to examine how landowner characteristics are associated with their perceptions concerning patch-burn grazing (PBG) and mixed-species grazing (MSG). Data were collected through a mail survey of landowners in the Southern Great Plains who own at least 100 acres. The significant and positive correlation between PBG and MSG suggests that their relative preference tends to change together, potentially allowing them to complement when implemented together.
Aerial, Surface, and Subsurface Multimodal Mapping in Coastal Peru
Authors: Golay Lausanne Kayla , Chicoine David , Navarro Vega Jeisen , Lau George F.
Published: September 2024

This article describes a series of steps to integrate multiple modes of archaeological mapping in arid and agricultural settings. We use the coastal region of Peru as a case study and share our recent field experience at Cerro San Isidro, a multicomponent hill site located in the agriculture-intensive and mid-elevation (about 500 m asl) Moro region of the Nepeña Valley. In June and July 2022, we spent eight weeks deploying a combination of drone aerial imagery, pedestrian GPS reconnaissance, and GPR survey to map the surface and subsurface features at the site and in the adjacent agricultural fields. Our efforts suggest that the ancient settlement extended over an area of at least 50 ha, well beyond the visible surface architecture. Using a multimodal approach to confirming the partial destruction of archaeological vestiges by modern agricultural encroachment is both time-effective and noninvasive. The article offers insights from our experience, including the sequence of field operations, technical troubleshooting, and the collection and integration of datasets. We discuss the methodological potential and implications of this combination of multimodal mapping and its deployment in coastal Peru, a region that, like many others in the world, is increasingly subject to rapid agricultural expansion and other anthropogenic developments.
Culturomics: Bringing culture back to the forefront for effective gastrointestinal bacterial capture
Authors: Chen Lingxi , An Yujie , Huang Kailang , Wang Junhong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Jiakun
Published: September 2024

The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in host nutrition and health. While culture-independent techniques have advanced microbial research, they often overlook low-abundance bacteria in the microbial community. Furthermore, empirical studies and mechanistic research rely on bacterial isolates obtained through culturing. The introduction of culturomics in 2012 significantly advanced culture-dependent techniques, contributing to microbial research. However, these methods remain labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly, similar to traditional culture methods. This review provides an overview of the contributions of culturomics, summarizes procedures for optimizing sample and culture processes, and offers guidance on utilizing metagenomic data to enhance culturomics workflows. By collating and synthesizing these developments, this review aims to provide valuable insights into improving the practicality and productivity of culturomics for capturing gastrointestinal bacterial communities.
China in Africa: companies as enablers and beneficiaries? An empirical evaluation of state-business relations in the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation
Authors: Züfle Simon , von Carlowitz Philipp , Büechl Jörg
Published: September 2024

China’s strong economic presence in Africa has resulted in an increased interdisciplinary debate. Our contribution is the incorporation of a business perspective by uncovering the prominence and role of business in China’s diplomatic Africa engagement. Our theoretical contribution by applying the state-business relations (SBR) literature is to examine whether established frameworks can be expanded by an international dimension through intergovernmental initiatives like the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). The paper conducts a document analysis of all declarations and Action Plans of all FOCAC conferences in the period 2000–2021, combining both a content and a thematic analysis based on an explorative and iterative coding process. Our data suggests that the prominence of businesses has increased while the scope of their activities and the number of focus sectors (especially infrastructure) has risen particularly since 2012. Companies are considered as enablers for political and economic goals in the state-driven FOCAC. We find that SBR frameworks are applicable to international contexts and propose an expanded SBR approach integrating transnational intermediary institutions like the intergovernmental FOCAC and transnational business platforms which facilitate positive state-business relations across countries and a conducive business environment.
Palygorskite in Indian tropical soils: a clay mineral of pedogenic, geogenic, or climate-induced origin – a mechanistic review
Authors: Srivastava Pankaj , Pal Dilip Kumar
Published: September 2024

Most clay minerals are characterized by a platy morphology. By contrast, palygorskite has a fibrous morphology and is structurally distinct from the typical 1:1 and 2:1 layer structures. Diverse opinions exist on the origin of palygorskite in soils. Many authors suggest that palygorskite forms after smectite. Others favor its authigenesis during pedogenic processes or its inheritance from the parent material. This review provides a critical synthesis on the origin of palygorskite in the semi-arid-tropical (SAT) Vertisols and arid calcic soils of the Thar Desert of India. It also highlights the specific genetic pathway for the presence of palygorskite in the soils. The ubiquitous association of smectite with palygorskite is inadequate to explain the formation at the expense of smectite, because at pH 8.2 and above the smectite structure is subjected to dissolution to create soluble Si and Al, and the recrystallization of the soluble Si and Al to form palygorskite may not be possible in the Vertisols of the Indian SAT environment. Thus, mildly to moderate alkaline pedochemcial environments of the SAT Vertisols do not favor authigenic precipitation of the palygorskite in such soils. This review shows that the presence of palygorskite in the SAT Vertisols is due to its inheritance from the exhumed inter-trappean beds, infra-trappean beds, and bole beds. This view on the genesis of the palygorskite is also justified by its presence in weakly developed calcic soils of the Thar Desert as detrital flux from the adjoining marine sedimentary rocks.
Monkeypox Virus and Current Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Published Literature Based on VOSviewer
Authors: Jiao Bo , Deng Liyun , Cui Ying , Chen Chan
Published: September 2024

Objective

The World Health Organization declared the current monkeypox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on July 23, 2022, as it has posed a great threat to human health. This bibliometric analysis aimed to explore the current research hotspots focused on monkeypox.

Methods

A systematic search of the Web of Science Core Collection database was conducted for published articles on monkeypox from database inception to February 23, 2023. VOSviewer software was used for analysis and visualization of research results.

Results

A total of 1646 publications on monkeypox virus were included for bibliometric analysis. Results showed that (1) the number of publications about monkeypox virus increased significantly in 2022, (2) smallpox and monkeypox virus were popular research keywords, (3) the United States has made the most significant contribution to the study of monkeypox virus, (4) Journal of Virology was the most active journal in publishing articles about monkeypox, and (5) research themes mainly included the body’s reaction after monkeypox infection, epidemiology, diagnosis, and pathological mechanisms.

Conclusions

Future research should focus on early sensitive diagnostic measures of monkeypox and the development of vaccines based on the characteristics of the virus. Study findings also provided key areas for public health experts to focus on and collaborate with policymakers.
The Prognostic Effect of Air Pollution in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Sabak Mustafa , Gulen Muge , Satar Salim , Yildirim Cuma , Yildiz Ahmet Faruk , Zengin Suat
Published: September 2024

Objective

Weather conditions such as low air temperatures, low barometric pressure, and low wind speed have been linked to more cases of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. However, limited literature exists regarding the impact of air pollution. This study aims to investigate the relationship between outdoor air pollution and CO poisoning in 2 distinct cities in Turkey.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted at 2 tertiary hospitals, recording demographic data, presenting complaints, vital signs, blood gas and laboratory parameters, carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels, meteorological parameters, and pollutant parameters. Complications and outcomes were also documented.

Results

The study included 83 patients (Group 1 = 44, Group 2 = 39). The air quality index (AQI) in Group 2 (61.7 ± 27.7) (moderate AQI) was statistically significantly higher (dirtier AQI) than that in Group 1 (47.3 ± 26.4) (good AQI) (P = 0.018). The AQI was identified as an independent predictor for forecasting the need for hospitalization (OR = 1.192, 95% CI: 1.036 - 1.372, P = 0.014) and predicting the risk of developing cardiac complications (OR: 1.060, 95% CI: 1.017 - 1.104, P = 0.005).

Conclusions

The AQI, derived from the calculation of 6 primary air pollutants, can effectively predict the likelihood of hospitalization and cardiac involvement in patients presenting to the emergency department with CO poisoning.
Time Pattern of Presentation of Victims of High-Speed Passenger Ferry Mass Casualty Incidents to the Emergency Department
Authors: Lam Rex P.K. , Wong Ronald T.M. , Lau Eric H.Y. , Wong K.W. , Cheung Arthur C.K. , Chaang V.K. , Chen L. , Tsang T.C. , Chan T.K. , Chee Peter P.Y. , Ko Frank H.F. , Leung C.S. , Yang S.M.
Published: September 2024

Objective

Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs) involving high-speed passenger ferries (HSPFs) may result in the dual-wave phenomenon, in which the emergency department (ED) is overwhelmed by an initial wave of minor injuries, followed by a second wave of more seriously injured victims. This study aimed to characterize the time pattern of ED presentation of victims in such accidents in Hong Kong.

Methods

All HSPF MCIs from 2005 to 2015 were reviewed retrospectively, with the time interval from accident to ED registration determined for each victim. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent factors associated with the time of ED presentation after the accidents.

Results

Eight MCIs involving 492 victims were identified. Victims with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 9 had a significantly shorter median time interval compared to those with minor injuries. An ISS ≥ 9 and evacuation by emergency service vessels were associated with a shorter delay in ED arrival, whereas ship sinking, accident at nighttime, and a longer linear distance between the accident and receiving ED were associated with a longer delay.

Conclusion

The dual-wave phenomenon was not present in HSPF MCIs. Early communication is the key to ensure early resource mobilisation and a well-timed response.
Understanding Barriers to Establishing Public JYNNEOS Mpox Vaccination Clinics in New Hampshire: Mpox vaccine clinic NH
Authors: Kang HeeEun , Mahatanan Rattanaporn , Lee Devin , Locke Stephanie , Talbot Elizabeth A. , Chan Benjamin P.
Published: September 2024

Objective

2022 - 2023 mpox outbreak necessitated rapid distribution of JYNNEOS vaccines from US Strategic National Stockpile to state and local public health agencies. New Hampshire’s centralized public health structure required partnering with healthcare facilities to reach at-risk persons. Among the 67 organizations contacted to partner with, only 7 established public JYNNEOS vaccine clinics. The study objective was to identify barriers and resources needed for emergency public vaccination.

Methods

In March 2023, mixed-method surveys were developed and sent to 20 non-participating organizations and 7 participating organizations (“vaccine-partners”).

Results

35% (7/20) of non-participating organizations and 100% (7/7) vaccine-partners responded. Non-participating organizations (n = 5) identified lack of staffing (100%) and insufficient provider time or clinical resources (80%) as the most common barriers. Staffing needs reported by non-participating organizations included: administrative (100%); medical doctor or advanced practice practitioner (67%); and registered nurse, medical assistant, or licensed nursing assistant (67%). Vaccine partners reported similar staffing requirements. Estimated additional monthly funding needs were $3,750 for non-participating organizations and $1,680 for vaccine-partners.

Conclusions

A minority of NH healthcare facilities established public JYNNEOS vaccination clinics. The primary barrier was insufficient staffing; additional resources and funding needs were modest. Success of the next emergency vaccination campaign depends on sustained advocacy, resources, and partnership.
Multifractal analysis of homological growth rates for hyperbolic surfaces
Authors: JAERISCH JOHANNES , TAKAHASI HIROKI
Published: September 2024

We perform a multifractal analysis of homological growth rates of oriented geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces. Our main result provides a formula for the Hausdorff dimension of level sets of prescribed growth rates in terms of a generalized Poincaré exponent of the Fuchsian group. We employ symbolic dynamics developed by Bowen and Series, ergodic theory and thermodynamic formalism to prove the analyticity of the dimension spectrum.
Use of human-centric and participatory design for modifying a daily environmental cleaning checklist: a quality improvement study
Authors: McKinley Linda , Keating Julie , Hoel Sydney , Parmasad Vishala , Safdar Nasia
Published: September 2024

A major tenet of healthcare environmental cleaning focuses on high-touch surfaces (HTSs). HTSs have high rates of contamination, yet cleaning compliance remains low, particularly in patient-occupied rooms. This quality improvement study aimed to use human-centric and participatory design to modify an HTS cleaning checklist and conduct initial trial and evaluation.
Hydrodynamic coupling of a cilia–mucus system in Herschel–Bulkley flows
Authors: Mao Q. , D'Ortona U. , Favier J.
Published: September 2024

The yield stress and shear thinning properties of mucus are identified as critical for ciliary coordination and mucus transport in human airways. We use here numerical simulations to explore the hydrodynamic coupling of cilia and mucus with these two properties using the Herschel–Bulkley model, in a lattice Boltzmann solver for the fluid flow. Three mucus flow regimes, i.e. a poorly organized regime, a swirly regime, and a fully unidirectional regime, are observed and analysed by parametric studies. We systematically investigate the effects of ciliary density, interaction length, Bingham number and flow index on the mucus flow regime formation. The underlying mechanism of the regime formation is analysed in detail by examining the variation of two physical quantities (polarization and integral length) and the evolution of the flow velocity, viscosity and shear-rate fields. Mucus viscosity is found to be the dominant parameter influencing the regime formation when enhancing the yield stress and shear thinning properties. The present model is able to reproduce the solid body rotation observed in experiments (Loiseau et al., Nat. Phys., vol. 16, 2020, pp. 1158–1164). A more precise prediction can be achieved by incorporating non-Newtonian properties into the modelling of mucus as proposed by Gsell et al. (Sci. Rep., vol. 10, 2020, 8405).
Stratified Resistive Tearing Instability
Authors: Hopper Scott J. , Wood Toby S. , Bushby Paul J.
Published: September 2024

Resistive tearing instabilities are common in fluids that are highly electrically conductive and carry strong currents. We determine the effect of stable stratification on the tearing instability under the Boussinesq approximation. Our results generalise previous work that considered only specific parameter regimes, and we show that the length scale of the fastest-growing mode depends non-monotonically on the stratification strength. We confirm our analytical results by solving the linearised equations numerically, and we discuss whether the instability could operate in the solar tachocline.
Thermal boundary layer dynamics in low-Prandtl-number Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Kim Nayoung , Schindler Felix , Vogt Tobias , Eckert Sven
Published: September 2024

In this experimental study, we explore the dynamics of the thermal boundary layer in liquid metal Rayleigh–Bénard convection, covering the parameter ranges of

$0.026 \leq$

Prandtl numbers

$(Pr) \leq 0.033$

and Rayleigh numbers (

$Ra$

) up to

$2.9\times 10^9$

. Our research focuses on characterising the thermal boundary layer near the top plate of a cylindrical convection cell with an aspect ratio of 0.5, distinguishing between two distinct regions: the shear-dominated region around the centre of the top plate and a location near the side wall where the boundary layer is expected to be affected by the impact or ejection of thermal plumes. The dependencies of the boundary layer thickness on

$Ra$

at these positions reveal deviating scaling exponents with the difference diminishing as

$Ra$

increases. We find stronger fluctuations in the boundary layer and increasing deviation from the Prandtl–Blasius–Pohlhausen profile with increasing

$Ra$

, as well as in the measurements outside the centre region. Our data illustrate the complex interplay between flow dynamics and thermal transport in low-

$Pr$

convection.