bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new safety and security risk analysis framework for industrial control systems
Authors: Kriaa Siwar , Bouissou Marc , Laarouchi Youssef
Published: April 2018

The migration of modern industrial control systems toward information and communication technologies exposes them to cyber-attacks that can alter the way they function, thereby causing adverse consequences on the system and its environment. It has consequently become crucial to consider security risks in traditional safety risk analyses for industrial systems controlled by modern industrial control system. We propose in this article a new framework for safety and security joint risk analysis for industrial control systems. S-cube (for supervisory control and data acquisition safety and security joint modeling) is a new model-based approach that enables, thanks to a knowledge base, formal modeling of the physical and functional architecture of cyber-physical systems and automatic generation of a qualitative and quantitative analysis encompassing safety risks (accidental) and security risks (malicious). We first give the principle and rationale of S-cube and then we illustrate its inputs and outputs on a case study.
Human Articular Chondrocytes Retain Their Phenotype in Sustained Hypoxia While Normoxia Promotes Their Immunomodulatory Potential
Authors: Mennan Claire , Garcia John , McCarthy Helen , Owen Sharon , Perry Jade , Wright Karina , Banerjee Robin , Richardson James B. , Roberts Sally
Published: April 2018

Objective

To assess the phenotype of human articular chondrocytes cultured in normoxia (21% O2) or continuous hypoxia (2% O2).

Design

Chondrocytes were extracted from patients undergoing total knee replacement ( n = 5) and cultured in ~21% (normoxic chondrocytes, NC) and 2% (hypoxic chondrocytes, HC) oxygen in both monolayer and 3-dimensional (3D) pellet culture and compared with freshly isolated chondrocytes (FC). Cells were assessed by flow cytometry for markers indicative of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), chondrogenic-potency and dedifferentiation. Chondrogenic potency and immunomodulatory gene expression was assessed in NC and HC by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess collagen II production following 3D pellet culture.

Results

NC were positive (>97%, n = 5) for MSC markers, CD73, CD90, and CD105, while HC demonstrated <90% positivity ( n = 4) and FC ( n = 5) less again (CD73 and CD90 <20%; CD105 <40%). The markers CD166 and CD151, indicative of chondrogenic de-differentiation, were significantly higher on NC compared with HC and lowest on FC. NC also produced the highest levels of CD106 and showed the greatest levels of IDO expression, following interferon-γ stimulation, indicating immunomodulatory potential. NC produced the highest levels of CD49c (>60%) compared with HC and FC in which production was <2%. Hypoxic conditions upregulated expression of SOX9, frizzled-related protein ( FRZB), fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 ( FGFR3), and collagen type II ( COL2A1) and downregulated activin receptor-like kinase 1 ( ALK1) in 3 out of 4 patients compared with normoxic conditions for monolayer cells.

Conclusions

Hypoxic conditions encourage retention of a chondrogenic phenotype with some immunomodulatory potential, whereas normoxia promotes dedifferentiation of chondrocytes toward an MSC phenotype with loss of chondrogenic potency but enhanced immunomodulatory capacity.
Effect of abnormal right heart structures on the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: AbuHalimeh Batool , Desai Milind Y. , Tonelli Adriano R.
Published: April 2018

The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) requires a right heart catheterization (RHC) that reveals a mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mmHg. The pulmonary artery catheter traverse the right atrium and ventricle on its way to the pulmonary artery. The presence of abnormal right heart structures, i.e. thrombus, vegetation, benign or malignant cardiac lesions, can lead to complications during this procedure. On the other hand, avoidance of RHC delays the diagnosis and treatment of PH, an approach that might be associated with worse outcomes. This paper discusses the impact of right heart lesions on the diagnosis of PH and suggests an approach on how to manage this association.
Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth: Evidence from Indian States
Authors: Ganaie Aadil Ahmad , Bhat Sajad Ahmad , Kamaiah Bandi , Khan N. A.
Published: April 2018

This study examines the relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth in the case of India using panel data for 14 non-specialized states for the period 1981–2014. The results revealed from panel cointegration, and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) framework indicate that spending decentralization has a positive and significant impact on the state domestic product. On the other hand, revenue decentralization has a negative and significant effect on state domestic product. The overall measure of fiscal decentralization is found positively associated with the state income. This study is consistent with the divergence hypothesis in opposite to convergence hypothesis of Oates (1972).

JEL: E62, H71, H72
Conservative Treatment Versus Repair Deltoid in SER Type IV Equivalent Ankle Fracture
Authors: Rungprai Chamnanni
Published: April 2018

Category:

Trauma

Introduction/Purpose:

There remains a controversy to repair deltoid ligament in SER type IV equivalence of acute ankle fracture. Some surgeons prefer conservative treatment with casting while others prefer to repair deltoid ligament after distal fibular fixation. However, there is a little evidence to report comparative outcomes between the two methods. There remains a controversy to repair deltoid ligament in SER type IV equivalence of acute ankle fracture. Some surgeons prefer conservative treatment with casting while others prefer to repair deltoid ligament after distal fibular fixation. However, there is a little evidence to report comparative outcomes between the two methods. The purpose of this study was to report clinical and functional outcomes including complications between the two methods.

Methods:

A prospective, randomized collected data of 41 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with SER type IV equivalence acute ankle fracture and underwent either conservative treatment (20 patients) or deltoid repair (21 patients) between 2015 and 2017. A minimum follow up to be included in the study was 6 months (mean, 13.2 months; range, 6 to 30 months). The primary outcome was visual analogue scale (VAS), Short Form-36 (SF-36); physical and mental component scores, and FAAM; ADL and Sport. Pre- and post-operative SF-36, FAAM, and pain (Visual Analog Scale) were obtained and compared between the two groups using independent t-test. The secondary outcomes were time to return to activity of daily living, sports, work, and complications.

Results:

There were 41 patients (30 male and 11 female) with mean age of 29.7 years (range, 18-70 years) and mean BMI of 26.7 kg/m2 (range, 18.3-33.6 kg/m2). Both methods demonstrated significant improvement of post-operative functional outcomes (FAAM, SF-36, and VAS (p < 0.05 all)) compared to pre-operative period; however, there was no significant different between the two groups. Functional outcomes between casting and deltoid repair groups were time to return to activity of daily living (10.4 vs 11.7 weeks), works (12.1 vs 12.9 weeks), sport (25.9 vs 23.7 weeks), weight bearing medial clear space (2.9 vs 3.9 mm), and complications included medial side ankle pain (57 vs 15%) and painful scar (0 vs 15%) for cast and deltoid repair respectively.

Conclusion:

Both casting and deltoid repair were demonstrated significant improvement in terms of functional outcomes as measured with the FAAM, SF-36, and VAS in patients with SER IV equivalent ankle fracture. Although there was no significant difference of functional outcome in short term of follow-up, deltoid repair group was better in term of medial side ankle pain and lesser medial clear space widening.
Midfoot Charcot Reconstruction with Intramedullary Beaming
Authors: Ford Samuel , Davis W. Hodges , Cohen Bruce , Jones Carroll P.
Published: April 2018

Category:

Midfoot/Forefoot

Introduction/Purpose:

Midfoot Charcot osteoarthropathy is characterized by non-infectious osteolysis that often leads to midfoot collapse and resultant ulceration. Deformity and ulceration often lead to deep infection and amputation. Midfoot reconstruction with intramedullary screws (beams) is a recently described technique that provides deformity correction and a stable construct without the extensive exposure required for plate fixation. The purpose of this study is to examine the clinical outcomes and complications of patients with midfoot Charcot managed with midfoot osteotomy, realignment arthrodesis, and stabilization using intramedullary beams.

Methods:

A surgical database query of a tertiary-care foot and ankle center was performed from January 2013 to July 2016 to identify patients with midfoot Charcot who underwent corrective osteotomy with internal beam fixation. 24 patients (Median Age: 60; Median BMI: 32.5; Diabetic: 79%; Insulin Dependent: 74%) were identified and included in the final analysis. Patients with minimum one-year follow-up were evaluated with physical examination, weight-bearing radiographs, and patient-reported outcome measures (FAAM and VR-12). The primary outcome measure was defined as restoration of a stable, plantigrade, ulcer- free foot. Secondary outcome measures include quantitative angular correction, rates of reoperation, post-operative infection, and amputation.

Results:

The lateral Meary’s angle median improved from -29° preoperatively to -21° on final postoperative radiographs (p<0.001). Likewise, the AP Meary’s angle median improved from 17° to 2° (p<0.001). 43% of midfoot osteotomies were united on final radiographs. An ulcer-free, stable, plantigrade foot was obtained in 83% of patients. Deep infection developed in six (25%) patients. The presence of a preoperative ulcer was found to be predictive of postoperative infection (p=0.04); all six deep infections occurred in patients with preoperative ulceration. 63% of patients required reoperation. Three (13%) patients progressed to amputation at a median nine postoperative months, all for deep infection. The final postoperative median FAAM score was 21. The VR-12 median score was also 21 (PCS: 32, MCS: 67).

Conclusion:

Results from the FAAM indicate that patients with midfoot Charcot are severely disabled overall, moderately disabled with ADLs, and mostly unable to participate in sport. Results from the VR-12 indicate that patients continue to have poor healthcare quality of life, even following Charcot reconstruction. Midfoot Charcot reconstruction with intramedullary beaming allows for restoration of an ulcer-free, plantigrade foot in most patients, but the complication rates are high, especially in patients with pre-operative ulceration. Despite a low bony union rate, improvement in both the lateral and AP Meary’s angle and clinical success is often obtainable with a relatively low amputation rate.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Dose selection of central or peripheral administration of sufentanil affect opioid induced cough?: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: He Jiabei , Zhu Ling , Zhu Huichen , Gu Xinyu , Li Peiying , Yang Yuting , Yang Liqun
Published: April 2018

Background

Opioid-induced cough (OIC) is one of the most common complications of opioids during anesthesia induction. This study was designed to assess the incidence of OIC mediated by different intravenous route.

Methods

A total of 102(ASA I-II) scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups: central vein group (group CV, n = 51) and peripheral vein group (group PV, n = 51). The incidence, onset time and severity of OIC were evaluated within 1 min just after sufentanil injection during induction. Meanwhile, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were also recorded to assess the hemodynamic changes.

Results

The incidence of OIC was 10/51 (20.4%) in group CV and 16/51 (32%) in group PV, patients received central venous administration of sufentanil experienced less OIC compared with those injected by peripheral venous route (P < 0.05), as well as a significantly lower incidence of severe OIC (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the onset of OIC and hemodynamic data were comparable between two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Our study indicates that sufentanil administration by central venous route reduces the incidence and severity of OIC, but without significant changes in hemodynamic status.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with registration number ChiCTR-IOR-15006075. Registered 28 February 2015.
Genetic analysis of Wnt/PCP genes in neural tube defects
Authors: Chen Zhongzhong , Lei Yunping , Cao Xuanye , Zheng Yufang , Wang Fang , Bao Yihua , Peng Rui , Finnell Richard H. , Zhang Ting , Wang Hongyan
Published: April 2018

Background

Mouse homozygous mutants in Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway genes have been shown to cause neural tube defects (NTDs) through the disruption of normal morphogenetic processes critical to neural tube closure (NTC). Knockout mice that are heterozygotes of single PCP genes likely fail to produce NTD phenotypes, yet damaging variants detected in human NTDs are almost always heterozygous, suggesting that other deleterious interacting variants are likely to be present. Nonetheless, the Wnt/PCP pathway remains a genetic hotspot. Addressing these issues is essential for understanding the genetic etiology of human NTDs.

Methods

We performed targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on 30 NTD-predisposing Wnt/PCP pathway genes in 184 Chinese NTD cases. We subsequently replicated our findings for the CELSR1 gene in an independent cohort of 292 Caucasian NTD samples from the USA. Functional validations were confirmed using in vitro assays.

Results

CELSR1, CELSR2 and CELSR3 genes were significantly clustered with rare driver coding mutations (q-value< 0.05) demonstrated by OncodriveCLUST. During the validation stage, the number of rare loss of function (LoF) variants in CELSR1 was significantly enriched in NTDs compared with the LoF counts in the ExAC database (p < 0.001). Functional studies indicated compound heterozygote variants of CELSR2 p.Thr2026Met and DVL3 p.Asp403Asn result in down regulation of PCP signals.

Conclusions

These data indicate rare damaging variants of the CELSR genes, identified in ~ 14% of NTD cases, are expected to be driver genes in the Wnt/PCP pathway. Compound damaging variants of CELSR genes and other Wnt/PCP genes, which were observed in 3.3% of the studied NTD cohort, are also expected to amplify these effects at the pathway level.
A simple management option for chronically impacted sharp tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children
Authors: Idris Sherif , Murphy Russell A. , Witmans Manisha , El-Hakim Hamdy
Published: April 2018

Distally impacted chronic tracheobronchial sharp foreign bodies in children are a management challenge that presents with clinical subtlety and extreme variability. The use of image guided techniques, imaginative instrumentation, tracheotomy, thoracotomy, and even extracorporeal membrane oxygneation have been reported. Endoscopy is made difficult by the distal location, inflammatory reaction with granulation tissue formation, and bleeding obscuring the foreign body. Our aim is to describe our experience with two children who had removal of aspirated impacted sharp metallic foreign bodies from the distal airway using rigid bronchoscopy, preceded by maximal medical therapy.
Real-Time Genomic Characterization of Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Has Prognostic Implications and Identifies Potential Germline Actionability
Authors: Raj Nitya , Shah Ronak , Stadler Zsofia , Mukherjee Semanti , Chou Joanne , Untch Brian , Li Janet , Kelly Virginia , Osoba Muyinat , Saltz Leonard B. , Mandelker Diana , Ladanyi Marc , Berger Michael F. , Klimstra David S. , Reidy-Lagunes Diane
Published: April 2018

Purpose

We assessed the usefulness of real-time molecular profiling through next-generation sequencing (NGS) in predicting the tumor biology of advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNETs) and in characterizing genomic evolution.

Methods

Patients with metastatic panNETs were recruited in the routine clinical practice setting (between May 2014 and March 2017) for prospective NGS of their tumors as well as for germline analysis using the Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT) sequencing platform. When possible, NGS was performed at multiple time points.

Results

NGS was performed in 96 tumor samples from 80 patients. Somatic alterations were identified in 76 of 80 patients (95%). The most commonly altered genes were MEN1 (56%), DAXX (40%), ATRX (25%), and TSC2 (25%). Alterations could be defined in pathways that included chromatin remodeling factors, histone methyltransferases, and mammalian target of rapamycin pathway genes. Somatic loss of heterozygosity was particularly prevalent (55 of 95 tested samples [58%]), and the presence of loss of heterozygosity resulted in improved overall survival (P = .06). Sequencing of pre- and post-treatment samples revealed tumor-grade progression; clonal evolution patterns were also seen (molecular resistance mechanisms and chemotherapy-associated mutagenesis). Germline genetic analysis identified clinically actionable pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 14 of 88 patients (16%), including mutations in high-penetrance cancer susceptibility genes ( MEN1, TSC2, and VHL).

Conclusion

A clinical NGS platform reveals pertubations of biologic pathways in metastatic panNETs that may inform prognosis and direct therapies. Repeat sequencing at disease progression reveals increasing tumor grade and genetic evolution, demonstrating that panNETs adopt a more aggressive behavior through time and therapies. In addition to frequent somatic mutations in MEN1 and TSC2, germline mutations in these same genes underlie susceptibility to panNETs and highlight the need to re-evaluate whether germline genetic analysis should be performed for all patients with panNETs.
Further miniaturisation of the Thermochron iButton to create a thermal bio-logger weighing 0.3 g
Authors: Virens Evelyn , Cree Alison
Published: April 2018

Thermochron iButtons are commonly used by thermal biologists to continuously measure body temperature from animals. However, if unmodified, these devices are of a size that limits their use with very small animals. To allow iButtons to be used to study smaller species, methods to miniaturise them by 61% have been previously described. We present a method to reduce iButton mass by a further 71%. The modified devices have a shorter battery life, but the minimum size of vertebrates able to carry the devices is reduced from 28.9 g to 6.6 g, if the arbitrary, yet widely cited, maximum of 5% body mass for attached devices is adhered to. We demonstrate the application of our method by recording surface temperatures of captive and wild skinks and show that captive cockroaches weighing 0.8 g are also able to carry the device. We believe this to be the first time that temperature data have been recorded from an insect in this way.
The caval sphincter in cetaceans and its predicted role in controlling venous flow during a dive
Authors: Lillie Margo A. , Vogl A. Wayne , Raverty Stephen , Haulena Martin , McLellan William A. , Stenson Garry B. , Shadwick Robert E.
Published: April 2018

A sphincter on the inferior vena cava can protect the heart of a diving mammal from overload when elevated abdominal pressures increase venous return, yet sphincters are reported incompetent or absent in some cetacean species. We previously hypothesized that abdominal pressures are elevated and pulsatile in fluking cetaceans, and that collagen is deposited on the diaphragm according to pressure levels to resist deformation. Here we tested the hypothesis that cetaceans generating high abdominal pressures need a more robust sphincter than those generating low pressures. We examined diaphragm morphology in seven cetacean and five pinniped species. All odontocetes had morphologically similar sphincters despite large differences in collagen content, and mysticetes had muscle that could modulate caval flow. These findings do not support the hypothesis that sphincter structure correlates with abdominal pressures. To understand why a sphincter is needed, we simulated the impact of oscillating abdominal pressures on caval flow. Under low abdominal pressures, simulated flow oscillated with each downstroke. Under elevated pressures, a vascular waterfall formed, greatly smoothing flow. We hypothesize cetaceans maintain high abdominal pressures to moderate venous return and protect the heart while fluking, and use their sphincters only during low-fluking periods when abdominal pressures are low. We suggest pinnipeds, which do not fluke, maintain low abdominal pressures. Simulations also showed retrograde oscillations could be transmitted upstream from the cetacean abdomen and into the extradural veins, with potentially adverse repercussions for the cerebral circulation. We propose that locomotion-generated pressures have influenced multiple aspects of the cetacean vascular system.
O zdrobnieniach w twórczości Maria Vargasa Llosy słóweczek kilka
Authors: Chrobak Marzena
Published: April 2018

A few words on dims in the novels of Mario Vargas Llosa

The paper examines some issues relating to translation of diminutive forms from Spanish into Polish. Translator can use techniques such as: translation, paraphrasing, creating a neologism, catachresis, leaving the source form, omission of the idea of dim, omission of the whole word, substitution, and compensation; after the analysis of the oral and the written form, the structure, the meaning and the purpose of the diminutive in the context given in the source text, translator should apply the most adequate technics. In spite of a great equivalency between Spanish and Polish as far as the formation, the function and the richness of dims are concerned, they can create problems in translations. Examples of such problems and their solutions are discussed from the point of view of a translation scholar, translator and reader.
Zmiany stylu w tłumaczeniu ustnym środowiskowym
Authors: Kruk‑Junger Katarzyna
Published: April 2018

Stylistic changes in interpreting

The article focuses on the problem of stylistic changes in the process of interpreting. The analysis is based on the interviews with the community interpreters, who took part in the research related to the characteristics of this form of translation, including the necessity of a manipulation on the original text. Thanks to the proposed approach it was possible to prove not only the existence of the stylistic changes in interpreting, but also to demonstrate their relation to the skopos theory and its main guideline which is the functionality of the translation.
„Jau, so a Gaudi”
Authors: Majkiewicz Anna
Published: April 2018

”Jau, so a Gaudi”. Strategy and Norm in translation of Dialect

On the basis of the two chosen examples of German literature – Robbers’ Band by Leonhard Frank (1914, Polish edition 1937, translated by Wanda Jedlicka) and From the Snail’s Diary by Günter Grass (1971, Polish edition 1991, translated by Sławomir Blaut) – the author analyses the strategies of translating dialect expressions understood as distinctive codes. A specific dialogue between the styles is the specification of internal worldviews in the linguistic shaping of an expression, which is a special task for a literary translator.
Impact of Average Rating on Social Media Endorsement: The Moderating Role of Rating Dispersion and Discount Threshold
Authors: Li Xitong
Published: April 2018

This paper examines how a restaurant’s online review ratings affect consumers to endorse deal vouchers sold by the restaurant via social media before they redeem the vouchers. While the effect of the average of review ratings is straightforward, we focus on examining how the effect is moderated by the dispersion of review ratings and the discount threshold set for the group-buying deals. A comprehensive literature review suggests that a large rating dispersion can deliver two different messages to consumers (uncertainty in product quality and uniqueness of product taste) and thus may either positively or negatively moderate the effect of average rating on social media endorsement. Discount threshold may serve as a quality signal, reinforcing the effect of average rating. The empirical results show that the effect of average rating is greater when review ratings are more dispersed and the discount threshold is relatively large. The findings generate important managerial and research implications.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0728 .
O DIREITO COMO LIMITADOR DO PODER DO ESTADO
Authors: Silva José Wellington Parente , Portanova Rogério
Published: April 2018

A presente pesquisa teve como objeto o estudo do Direito como um dos principais fatores limitadores do poder do Estado, uma vez que os seres humanos precisavam de normas que disciplinassem suas condutas. Assim, sentiu-se a necessidade de analisar como a civilização antiga se organizou para o surgimento do Estado. Dessa maneira, vários autores buscaram criar teorias para explicar quando e como os homens criaram a figura estatal. Desde uma concepção de contrato social até uma teoria mais moderna de sua gênese. Da mesma maneira, procurou-se entender os direitos que o Estado tutela diante das ações individuais, uma vez que ele busca disciplinar as ações humanas e essas ações são reflexos dos poderes que o possui, por não se possuir um poder absoluto, uma vez que os entes, quando possuem vários poderes, tendem a abusar desses poderes. Por esse motivo, o direito entra em cena para tentar limitar o poder absoluto do ente estatal, pois como se sabe, esse poder é representado por pessoas e possuem uma carga enorme de opiniões e subjetivismo. Assim, é por meio do Direito que se restringe o direito do estado diante da coletividade. Dessa maneira, para que se conseguisse uma reafirmação da ideia ora lançada, houve consulta a Kelsen (1999), a Reale (2001), a Dallari (2012), a Mendes (2009), entre outros, para que, a partir dos pensamentos desses autores renomados no assunto, se pudesse entender a melhor aplicabilidade das normas jurídicas na sociedade, assim como se buscar o respeito social por meio do poder do Estado, que disciplina os seres humanos e respeita os direitos individuais, coletivos e sociais.
Relationship between inflation and economic growth: The case of Turkey 1990-2017 period
 Enflasyon ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: 1990-2017 dönemi Türkiye örneği
Authors: Ayvaz Güven Emine Türkan , Ayvaz Yusuf Yüksel
Published: April 2018

Inflation and economic growth are among the fundamental macro economic indicators revealing the economical structure of the country. Since the year 1990s, due to high inflation rates and low growth rates the formation of the economic crisis, "relationship between inflation and economic growth" has started to create the axis of the economic debate. There are different opinions on the relationship between inflation and economic growth. These studies are vital for the progress of economy in developing countries like Turkey. So, in relationship to economic growth and inflation in Turkey in the study it was examined using annual data for the 1990-2017 period with time-series analysis. Granger Causality and Regression Analyses are used as a method for the study. As a result of the Granger Causality Analyses, it is found that there is a one-way causality relationship from inflation to growth. Consequently, inflation is affecting economic growth in Turkey. And according to the outcome of Regression Analyses, the coefficient of inflation is -0,8 and there is a negative directed relationship between inflation and growth. Eventually every 1% units of increase in the inflation causes a 0,8% units of decrease in the economic growth. This outcome is also analogous with the results of the researches that had been conducted for Turkey before.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetEnflasyon ve ekonomik büyüme, bir ülkenin ekonomik yapısı hakkında bilgi veren en önemli makro ekonomik göstergelerdendir. 1990’lı yıllardan sonra sıkça görülen yüksek enflasyon seviyelerine ve düşük büyüme oranlarına bağlı ekonomik krizler yaşanması nedeniyle, “enflasyon ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi” ekonomik tartışmaların merkezini oluşturmaya başlamıştır. Enflasyon ile büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin niteliği konusunda zaman içerisinde farklı görüşler ortaya atılmıştır. Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkeler için, bu tip araştırmalar ekonominin gelişimi açısından çok önemlidir. Bundan hareketle, çalışmada Türkiye’deki enflasyon ile ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi, zaman serisi analizi ile 1990-2017 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak, Granger Nedensellik ve Regresyon Analizleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan Granger Nedensellik Analizi sonucunda, enflasyondan büyümeye doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuca göre, Türkiye’de enflasyon, büyümeyi etkilemektedir. Regresyon Analizi sonucuna göre ise, enflasyonun katsayısının -0,8 olduğu gözlemlenmiştir ve büyüme ile enflasyon arasında negatif yönde bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre, enflasyondaki %1 birimlik bir artış, ekonomik büyümede %0,8 birimlik bir azalışa neden olmaktadır. Bu sonuç Türkiye için yapılan çalışmaların çoğundan elde edilen sonuçlarla da benzerlik göstermektedir.
Algorithm on age partitioning for estimation of reference intervals using clinical laboratory database exemplified with plasma creatinine
Authors: Peng Xiaoxia , Lv Yaqi , Feng Guoshuang , Peng Yaguang , Li Qiliang , Song Wenqi , Ni Xin
Published: April 2018

Background:

We describe an algorithm to determine age-partitioned reference intervals (RIs) exemplified for creatinine using data collection from the clinical laboratory database.

Methods:

The data were acquired from the test results of creatinine of 164,710 outpatients aged <18 years in Beijing Children’s Hospital laboratories’ databases between January 2016 and December 2016. The tendency of serum creatinine with age was examined visually using box plot by gender first. The age subgroup was divided automatically by the decision tree method. Subsequently, the statistical tests of the difference between subgroups were performed by Harris-Boyd and Lahti methods.

Results:

A total of 136,546 samples after data cleaning were analyzed to explore the partition of age group for serum creatinine from birth to 17 years old. The suggested age partitioning of RIs for creatinine by the decision tree method were for eight subgroups. The difference between age subgroups was demonstrated to be statistically significant by Harris-Boyd and Lahti methods. In addition, the results of age partitioning for RIs estimation were similar to the suggested age partitioning by the Canadian Laboratory Initiative in Pediatric Reference Intervals study. Lastly, a suggested algorithm was developed to provide potential methodological considerations on age partitioning for RIs estimation.

Conclusions:

Appropriate age partitioning is very important for establishing more accurate RIs. The procedure to explore the age partitioning using clinical laboratory data was developed and evaluated in this study, and will provide more opinions for designing research on establishment of RIs.
Point-of-care creatinine testing for kidney function measurement prior to contrast-enhanced diagnostic imaging: evaluation of the performance of three systems for clinical utility
Authors: Snaith Beverly , Harris Martine A. , Shinkins Bethany , Jordaan Marieke , Messenger Michael , Lewington Andrew
Published: April 2018

Background:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) can occur rarely in patients exposed to iodinated contrast and result in contrast-induced AKI (CI-AKI). A key risk factor is the presence of preexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD); therefore, it is important to assess patient risk and obtain kidney function measurement prior to administration. Point-of-care (PoC) testing provides an alternative strategy but there remains uncertainty, with respect to diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility.

Methods:

A device study compared three PoC analysers (Nova StatSensor, Abbott i-STAT and Radiometer ABL800 FLEX) with a reference laboratory standard (Roche Cobas 8000 series, enzymatic creatinine). Three hundred adult patients attending a UK hospital phlebotomy department were recruited to have additional blood samples for analysis on the PoC devices.

Results:

The ABL800 FLEX had the strongest concordance with laboratory measured serum creatinine (mean bias=−0.86, 95% limits of agreement=−9.6 to 7.9) followed by the i-STAT (average bias=3.88, 95% limits of agreement=−8.8 to 16.6) and StatSensor (average bias=3.56, 95% limits of agreement=−27.7 to 34.8). In risk classification, the ABL800 FLEX and i-STAT identified all patients with an eGFR≤30, whereas the StatSensor resulted in a small number of missed high-risk cases (n=4/13) and also operated outside of the established performance goals.

Conclusions:

The screening of patients at risk of CI-AKI may be feasible with PoC technology. However, in this study, it was identified that the analyser concordance with the laboratory reference varies. It is proposed that further research exploring PoC implementation in imaging department pathways is needed.
A Study of an Extended Generalized (2+1)-dimensional Jaulent–Miodek Equation
Authors: Motsepa Tanki , Abudiab Mufid , Masood Khalique Chaudry
Published: April 2018

This paper aims to study the extended generalized (2+1)-dimensional Jaulent–Miodek equation (egJM), which arises in a number of significant nonlinear problems of physics and applied mathematics. We derive conservation laws using Noether theorem and find travelling wave solution of the egJM equation.
Effects of α-(prazosin and yohimbine) and β-receptors activity on cAMP generation and UCP1 gene expression in brown adipocytes
Authors: Biswas Hirendra M.
Published: April 2018

Background

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) contains both α- and β-adrenergic receptors. In the literature, the activity of α-adrenoreceptors is less documented, and their functions still remain puzzling. The present investigation has been undertaken to understand α-adrenoreceptors’ activity and their relation between uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mRNA expression and cyclic AMP (cAMP) generation in BAT.

Methods

BAT precursor cells from young mice were grown in culture. Cells were exposed to norepinephrine (NE) and other agents. RNA was isolated after harvesting the cells, and northern blot was performed. Filters were exposed to film after hybridization with nick-translated complementary DNA probes, and results were evaluated by scanning. Amersham assay kit was used for cAMP measurement.

Results

Treatment of prazosin and yohimbine separately with 1 μM of NE shows stimulation of UCP1 mRNA expression 106% and 154%, respectively, whereas with that of both drugs shows only 76%. cAMP generation occurs 282% with prazosin, 100% with yohimbine, and 382% with both drugs with 1 μM of NE, whereas it is 310%, 40%, and 358%, respectively, with 10 μM of NE.

Conclusions

Stimulation of thermogenesis after treatment of prazosin and NE may be due to the inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzyme and with yohimbine and NE indicates the possibility of inhibition of the inhibitory effect of α2- and stimulation of α1-receptors. Increase of cAMP concentration with yohimbine and both drugs with NE are not correlated to UCP1 mRNA expression. This indicates that the relationship between cAMP elevation and stimulation of thermogenesis is not simple. This study clearly shows the interaction between β- and α-adrenoreceptor activities.
Use of Project-Based Learning of Adults at Corporate Universities in The US and Canada
Authors: Lytovchenko Iryna , Ogienko Olena , Terenko Olena
Published: April 2018

Objective: The article defines features of formation and development of corporate universities in the USA and Canada.

Methodology: The article analyzes the dependence of successful functioning of the corporate universities on the choice of adequate training technologies; explores the essence and potentials of project-based learning as action learning which is focused on personnel development, business development and effective management of changes.

Findings: There is a close relationship between the performance of the functions of the corporate university and the forms, methods, learning technologies that are used in the learning process. Project-based learning is widely used in corporate universities in the United States and Canada; it provides an opportunity to gain managerial experience in real time, solves an important task of personnel development – formation of the ability to learn.

Value Added: The results of the research give ground to conclude that the corporate university in the US and Canada is a structural unit of a company, which performs certain functions that promote business efficiency.

Recommendations: The project topic should be related to current or future changes in the company. The solution of the problem should include diagnosing of the problem, analysis, recommendations, implementation phase, as also cooperation with members of the company.
Transformations in Ukrainian Culture of Learning
Authors: Lavrysh Yuliana
Published: April 2018

Objective: Since more diverse audiences attend universities, nowadays, more advanced educational approaches are required. The current study explores the role of culture of learning transformations in facing this challenge. We employ the notion of ‘cultures of learning’ to draw attention to the socio-cultural, sustainable and competence-oriented aspects of key educational practices. We are focusing on advances in students’ learning-culture, which are implemented at the university: interdisciplinary, transformative sustainability learning and experiential learning.

Methodology: The paper considers practical issues related to the educational approaches, their benefits and limitations.

Findings: The results of the observations indicated that students’ learning culture was highly affected by educational approaches.

Value Added: We highlight that mutual relations exist between learning-culture and teaching-culture and exactly the student-teacher dialogue should be changed to transform traditional learning in higher education.

Recommendations: Interdisciplinarity and creativity can serve as the key factors in establishing a productive educational cycle that fosters a learning-culture based on students’ needs and values consideration.
Hypertension after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Masin-Spasovska Jelka , Stojceva-Taneva Olivera , Taneva Borjanka , Spasovski Goce
Published: April 2018

Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events are among the most common causes of death in patients with a functioning graft. Hypertension has been well-known as major “traditional” risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease being also frequent in kidney transplant recipients. A number of factors may contribute to developing or aggravating hypertension after transplantation. Among them, a central role is played by calcineurin inhibitors, corticosteroids and allograft dysfunction. Apart from the increased risk of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death, post-transplant hypertension also has implications on the graft outcome and survival. Considering kidney transplantation as the best treatment option for renal replacement therapy with an improved quality of life and survival compared to other treatments, the management of hypertension becomes crucial issue after kidney transplantation. In addition to pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions, risk reduction may also require tailoring a patient's immunosuppressive regimen to achieve optimal balance between efficacy and adverse events.
Low and high frequency model of three phase transformer by frequency response analysis measurement
Authors: Chaouche Moustafa Sahnoune , Moulahoum Samir , Houassine Hamza
Published: April 2018

The behavior analysis of the transformer is usually achieved by the frequency response analysis (FRA), which is obtained by the application of a very low AC voltage in over a wide frequency range. This paper presents a low and high frequency modelling approach of a three-phase transformer. The developed model consists of a cascade of parallel RLC cells, whose parameters are identified using the frequency response analysis data measurements obtained on each transformer phase. Thus, the proposed model can simulate the frequency behavior of the transformer windings without reference to the geometries of the coils which makes it easily usable in the failure diagnosis field. Experimental results on a 300 VA laboratory transformer validate the proposed model.
A survey of inkjet-printed low-cost sensors
Authors: Beisteiner Christoph , Zagar Bernhard G.
Published: April 2018

Inkjet-printers from the company Epson and others can be used to fabricate low-cost sensors on coated PET films. By using nanoparticle-based dispersions resistive temperature dependent sensors, strain gauges, thermocouples and pressure sensors can be fabricated. For these purposes the gauge factors, Seebeck coefficients and temperature coefficients of resistance for Ag, Carbon Black and PEDOT:PSS dispersions on Mitsubishi® and Pelikan® PET substrates are characterized. Furthermore, piezoresistive effects in transverse and longitudinal strain directions are discussed. Additionally, a printed sensor system for measuring strains within a surface is presented. Finally, an injection-moulding process and a lamination process are used to improve the mechanical scratching of those sensors.
Erkaufte Sicherheit. Das Vorsorgeverhalten der Bürger in den Bereichen Alter, Pflege und Gesundheit
Authors: Wilke Felix
Published: April 2018

Durch wohlfahrtsstaatliche Reformen hat die Bedeutung privater Daseinsvorsorge zugenommen. Der Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, wie Individuen ihr Vorsorgeengagement in den bisher primär staatlich abgesicherten sozialpolitischen Bereichen der Alterssicherung, der Pflege und der Gesundheitsversorgung miteinander vereinbaren. Mithilfe des Online-Survey „Soll-und-Haben 2013“ lässt sich eine starke Tendenz zur Mehrfachabsicherung in den verschiedenen Sicherungsbereichen zeigen. Vor allem Personen mit einer günstigen Ausstattung an sozio-ökonomischen Ressourcen tendieren zur privaten Zusatzabsicherung in mehreren Bereichen. Eine Tendenz für einen „Trade-off“, bei dem die Absicherung in einem Bereich gegen den Verzicht auf Absicherung in einem anderen Bereich erkauft wird, lässt sich in keiner Konstellation feststellen - selbst dann nicht, wenn geringe finanzielle Ressourcen gegen ein Mehrfachengagement sprechen. Wohlfahrtskulturelle und wirtschaftssoziologische Theorieansätze verweisen auf wichtige Erklärungsmechanismen. Zum einen kommt es zu einer kulturellen Gewöhnung an private Vorsorgearrangements. Zum anderen führt die soziale Einbettung von Vorsorgeentscheidungen dazu, dass Finanzberater Vorsorgende häufig mit mehreren Produkten ausstatten. In der Konsequenz wird es zu einer Diversifizierung im Niveau sozialpolitischer Absicherung kommen.
Optimization Analysis of Retrial Machine Repair Problem with Server Breakdown and Threshold Recovery Policy
Authors: Wang Kuo-Hsiung , Yen Tseng-Chang , Chen Jia-Yu
Published: April 2018

This article deals with a retrial machine repair problem, in which M operating machines and S warm standby machines are maintained by a single server. The threshold recovery policy means that the server is typically subject to unpredictable breakdowns only if there is at least one failed machine in the system, and the recovery can be performed when K (1 ≤ K ≤ N = M + S), or more failed machines are present. Employing the matrix-analytic method, the steady-state probabilities of the number of failed machines in the system are developed in this research, as well as several system performance measures. This study establishes a cost model to determine the optimal K-threshold and the joint optimal values for the service and retrial rates simultaneously by using a two-stage optimization method. To examine the effects of different parameters on the performance measures and the total expected cost function, the study carries out the sensitivity analysis with numerical illustration.
Nucleus Accumbens Microcircuit Underlying D2-MSN-Driven Increase in Motivation
Authors: Soares-Cunha Carina , Coimbra Bárbara , Domingues Ana Verónica , Vasconcelos Nivaldo , Sousa Nuno , Rodrigues Ana João
Published: April 2018

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a central role in reinforcement and motivation. Around 95% of the NAc neurons are medium spiny neurons (MSNs), divided into those expressing dopamine receptor D1 (D1R) or dopamine receptor D2 (D2R). Optogenetic activation of D2-MSNs increased motivation, whereas inhibition of these neurons produced the opposite effect. Yet, it is still unclear how activation of D2-MSNs affects other local neurons/interneurons or input terminals and how this contributes for motivation enhancement. To answer this question, in this work we combined optogenetic modulation of D2-MSNs within locopharmacological delivery of specific neurotransmitter antagonists in rats. First, we showed that optogenetic activation of D2-MSNs increases motivation in a progressive ratio (PR) task. We demonstrated that this behavioral effect relies on cholinergic-dependent modulation of dopaminergic signalling of ventral tegmental area (VTA) terminals, which requires D1R and D2R signalling in the NAc. D2-MSN optogenetic activation decreased ventral pallidum (VP) activity, reducing the inhibitory tone to VTA, leading to increased dopaminergic activity. Importantly, optogenetic activation of D2-MSN terminals in the VP was sufficient to recapitulate the motivation enhancement. In summary, our data suggests that optogenetic stimulation of NAc D2-MSNs indirectly modulates VTA dopaminergic activity, contributing for increased motivation. Moreover, both types of dopamine receptors signalling in the NAc are required in order to produce the positive behavioral effects.
Mapping of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes and Molecular Characterization of the 2NS/2AS Translocation in the Wheat Cultivar Jagger
Authors: Xue Shulin , Kolmer James A , Wang Shuwen , Yan Liuling
Published: April 2018

Winter wheat cultivar ‘Jagger’ was recently found to have an alien chromosomal segment 2NS that has Lr37, a gene conferring resistance against leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. The objective of this study was to map and characterize the gene(s) for seedling leaf rust resistance in Jagger. The recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Jagger × ‘2174’ was inoculated with leaf rust pathogen THBJG and BBBDB, and evaluated for infection type (IT) response. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for THBJG and BBBDB was coincidently mapped to chromosome arm 2AS, and the QTL accounted for 56.6–66.2% of total phenotypic variation in infection type (IT) response to THBJG, and 72.1–86.9% to BBBDB. The causal gene for resistance to these rust races was mapped to the 2NS segment in Jagger. The 2NS segment was located in a region of approximately 27.8 Mb starting from the telomere of chromosome arm 2AS, based on the sequences of the A genome in tetraploid wheat. The Lr17a gene on chromosome arm 2AS was delimited to 3.1 Mb in the genomic region, which was orthologous to the 2NS segment. Therefore, the Lr37 gene in the 2NS segment can be pyramided with other effective resistance genes, rather than Lr17a in wheat, to improve resistance to rust diseases.