bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Re)classificando espaços e identidades: as reservas nativas sul-africanas na Namíbia desde dentro e às margens (1940–1970)
Authors: Castro Josué Tomasini
Published: September 2018

A maior parte do que foi escrito sobre a experiência das comunidades hereros vivendo nas “reservas nativas” da Namíbia durante os anºs 1940–1970 — reconhecido como o período formativo do ativismo político nacionalista — trata dos embates entre as lideranças africanas do território e a administração colonial sul-africana, que começava a implementar o apartheid na região. Neste artigo, sugere-se que a oposição ao domínio europeu não caracteriza, de modo unívoco, a experiência dessas populações nesse período, já que é ditada, antes de tudo, pelos desafios concretos que elas enfrentaram para sobreviver nas áreas que lhes foram alocadas: regiões ecologicamente desfavoráveis para suas comunidades e para seus rebanhos, estes, sua principal fonte de subsistência. Além disso, afirma-se que essa luta está articulada a diferentes formas de classificar espaços e identidades e, particularmente, aos significados associados à terra, que subsidiam a ideologia e os termos da luta herero contra a opressão.
The other side? Das implicações morais de certos horizontes imaginativos na África do Sul
Authors: Moutinho Laura
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é explorar a linguagem que constrói a biografia de um conhecido líder nacionalista africânder que lutou contra o fim do apartheid, na África do Sul. Eugène Terre’Blanche — my side of the story pretende-se um testemunho e um retrato de e para um povo em sua luta para “manter a sua identidade e a sua liberdade”. Na análise dessa narrativa, percorro os usos e os significados, tanto políticos quanto éticos, das ideias de tragédia e de sofrimento no sentido de dar inteligibilidade a um cenário que se coloca contra os direitos humanos, mas que retém um particular sentido de humano. As ideias-chave que delineiam as fronteiras dessa complexa cena são raça e religião, gênero e militarismo.
Não ser empregado, não ter empregado : o trabalho com a família, para a família e suas variações
Authors: Espírito Santo Wecisley Ribeiro do
Published: September 2018

O artigo apresenta um fragmento do mundo da sulanca (no contexto do agreste de Pernambuco, Brasil), que se encontra organizado, sobretudo, em torno de pequenas unidades produtivas familiares e vicinais de vestuário de baixo custo — os chamados fabricos. As noções centrais do relato referem-se ao trabalho com a família e para a família, acrescidas de algumas variações. Na primeira parte, são consideradas as ambiguidades da noção de trabalho com a família. Em seguida, apresenta-se o significado do trabalho para a família, desde um ponto de vista nativo. Por fim, fecha- se o relato destacando dois contrastes que esses princípios apresentam comparativamente às características gerais em tese associadas ao capitalismo.
Comparación, etnografía y generalización
Authors: Balbi Fernando Alberto
Published: September 2018

En la antropología sociocultural actual, la comparación tiende a ser considerada como un recurso auxiliar de la etnografía. En este artículo examino algunos efectos negativos de esta situación y argumento que necesitamos restablecer a la comparación en su condición de recurso analítico por derecho propio. Asimismo, bosquejo dos formas posibles de combinar a la comparación y la etnografía que facilitarían la producción simultánea de análisis de casos y de recursos teórico-metodológicos. Finalmente, apelo a mis propias investigaciones relativas a la dimensión moral de la vida social para ilustrar mi argumentación.
Fechados no quarto de espelhos : o perspectivismo ameríndio e o “jogo comum” da antropologia
Authors: Verde Filipe
Published: September 2018

Este artigo estabelece um diálogo crítico com a corrente teórica que hoje domina os estudos etnológicos, o perspectivismo. Situando-o como uma manifestação tardia do projeto moderno, é posta em causa uma ideia que a antropologia herdou deste e que o perspectivismotomatambémcomosua : a assunção de uma descontinuidade, quando não mesmo irredutibilidade fundamental, entre modernidade e tradição. Contra essa assunção – que põe em causa as intenções de uma relação simétrica entre nativo e etnólogo –, propõe-se uma redefinição humanística da disciplina que toma por guia a ideia segundo a qual os planos relevantes da reflexão etnológica são aqueles onde é possível identificar uma comensurabilidade entre os planos da verdade de diferentes culturas.
Quando outras “cenas” entram em ação: considerações de moradores sobre transformações em periferias de São Paulo
Authors: Marques Adalton
Published: September 2018

Por meio da construção de cenas, personagens, diálogos e solilóquios, reúno neste artigo considerações de moradores de bairros periféricos da zona sul da cidade de São Paulo a respeito de suas experiências, que apontam para transformações nessas regiões ao longo das décadas de 1990 e 2000. Recolhidas sem sistematicidade, durante outra pesquisa, essas percepções tratam não apenas da redução do número de assassinatos em seus bairros, mas também da constituição de um “respeito” que acentua a aversão a xingamentos e bate‑bocas, uma espécie de “cuidado” particular com “as palavras” e com o modo de dirigi‑ las aos outros. Junto a essa mudança de “comportamento”, não nominada mas notada como evidente, são tecidas considerações a respeito das condições socioeconômicas locais, da atuação policial, da atuação do Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC), das causas da “criminalidade violenta”. Através de ficções muito reais, meu propósito é evidenciar as disputas analíticas dos meus interlocutores em torno do que se passa na experiência “periférica”, tentando me afastar de uma essencialização da periferia.
Cuidado e proteção em brinquedos de cavalo-marinho e maracatu da Zona da Mata Pernambucana
Authors: Dias Teixeira Raquel
Published: September 2018

Neste artigo, discorro sobre uma etnografia realizada em 2011 e 2012 com brinquedos de cavalo-marinho e maracatu de baque solto (maracatu rural). Evidencio as atualizações do cuidado com os brinquedos e de rituais de proteção, que envolvem as relações sociocosmológicas dos brincadores. Tenho como referência teórica a discussão sobre socialidade e cosmologia no domínio dos dois brinquedos, num plano de atuação que envolve os vivos e os mortos. Procuro demonstrar que a produção de significados sociocósmicos, seja nos rituais de proteção, seja no próprio desenrolar do brincar, se configura em função das práticas e experiências devocionais dos brincadores. As afiliações cosmológicas dos brincadores são plurais, podendo se referenciar, no universo estudado, à religião católica, à evangélica, à umbanda, ao catimbó (e jurema) e ao candomblé (xangô).
Atas do espírito: a Organização Mundial da Saúde e suas formas de instituir a espiritualidade
Authors: Toniol Rodrigo
Published: September 2018

A presença da noção de espiritualidade nos documentos da Organização Mundial da Saúde é tão duradoura quanto pouco explorada, seja pelos estudiosos identificados com o campo da antropologia da saúde, seja pelos pesquisadores das ciências sociais da religião. Este texto é uma tentativa de cobrir parcialmente essa lacuna. Para tanto, recorro a atas, memorandos, transcrições de discursos, resoluções oficiais e relatórios que me permitem acessar como a ideia de espiritualidade foi acionada ao longo do tempo na instituição e, principalmente, como ela foi articulada com outras noções, como as de cultura, religião, direitos e bem-estar. Diante desse material, realizo dois movimentos. Primeiro, explicito algumas das questões que envolvem a análise do tema da “espiritualidade” nas ciências sociais da religião e justifico as razões pelas quais este texto pode contribuir para tal debate. Segundo, detenho-me nos documentos analisados, apresentando-os a partir de dois eixos de variação: a espiritualidade dos Outros e a espiritualidade de todos. Explicitarei como esses dois eixos não somente diferem, mas principalmente se articulam. Encerro o texto delineando um conjunto de consequências empíricas associadas à “oficialização da espiritualidade” na OMS e aponto para direções que novos investimentos analíticos sobre o tema podem seguir.
Los mecanismos de superlación en la General estoria (Primera parte): la consolidación de un modelo romance
Authors: Serradilla Castaño Ana
Published: September 2018

En este artículo se analizan los diferentes mecanismos de superlación utilizados en la Primera parte de la General estoria. Se presta atención a las expresiones cuantitativas muy, bien, mucho, asaz, tan y además; y se observa qué fórmulas son las predominantes, en qué construcciones participan y qué innovación suponen respecto a su momento histórico. También se analizan los elativos sintácticos como enteramente, verdaderamente, maravillosamente… y se da cuenta del incipiente proceso de gramaticalización sufrido por ambos tipos de expresiones. Asimismo, se llama la atención sobre la ausencia del elativo morfológico – ísimo, clara muestra del esfuerzo del escritorio alfonsí por alejarse de las fuentes latinas y dar al castellano la categoría de lengua vehicular.
La traducción de la periferia izquierda adverbial y la construcción del discurso en la Edad Media: del latín de la Vulgata al español de la General estoria y la Biblia E6
Authors: Matute Cristina
Published: September 2018

Este estudio aborda la influencia del latín en el español que contienen dos traducciones medievales de la Vulgata coetáneas, la General estoria de Alfonso X y la Biblia escurialense I.I.6 (E6). En concreto, se investiga su influencia en la posición preverbal de los elementos adverbiales. Aunque este orden sirve como recurso de cohesión textual tanto en latín como en español, la integración de tales elementos en la periferia izquierda difiere en ambas lenguas. El estudio concreta en qué medida y de qué manera se filtra la expresión latina, lo cual mejora nuestro conocimiento de las técnicas de traducción medievales y su repercusión en la construcción del discurso romance. Más allá, la comparación de estos textos permite conocer mejor su relación, así como la forma de trabajo en el escritorio alfonsí.
La General Estoria entre dos lenguas: sobre las traducciones de la obra alfonsí al gallego-portugués
Authors: Leite Mariana
Published: September 2018

En este artículo proponemos una reflexión sobre cómo se ha llevado a cabo la traducción de la General Estoria del castellano al gallego-portugués. Serán considerados pasajes seleccionados de la traducción gallega de la primera parte y de los fragmentos portugueses de la primera parte preservados en la Torre do Tombo, Lisboa, que serán comparados con la versión castellana proveniente del taller alfonsí. A través de la comparación de las estrategias de traducción y la comparación entre las versiones gallego-portuguesas y castellana, veremos si y cómo las opciones lexicales y sintácticas de los traductores gallegos y portugueses revelan perspectivas distintas sobre el texto castellano.
Las estorias alfonsíes como canon historiográfico de los sumarios cuatrocentistas castellanos
Authors: Garrido Martín Blanca
Published: September 2018

Este artículo analiza la recepción de las estorias alfonsíes, especialmente, y por causas contextuales la Estoria de España, en la historiografía de la Baja Edad Media castellana, confrontando las similitudes y diferencias que esta presenta con la propia del scriptorium alfonsí. Para observar esta pugna entre tradición e innovación historiográfica, la segunda parte del trabajo se centra en analizar una obra concreta, la Atalaya de las corónicas (1443) de Alfonso Martínez de Toledo, en tanto que sumario cronístico que toma como fuente principal la crónica alfonsí y elaborado textualmente con distintos procedimientos por su autor según sus intereses.
Du voyage initiatique à l’enseignement : le programme inter-up « Ville orientale »
Authors: Aymard Diane
Published: September 2018

Créé en 1981, le programme inter-unité pédagogique « Ville orientale » participa autant au renouveau de la discipline architecturale française par son caractère innovateur qu’à la redécouverte de l’architecture extra-occidentale par les intellectuels occidentaux. Sa création, concomitante avec les mouvements de décolonisation qui eurent lieu entre les années 1950 et 1960, et avec l’ouverture au monde – et plus particulièrement au Tiers-monde – dans une sincère curiosité pour l’étranger, interroge les nouvelles relations établies entre la France et les pays dit « en voie de développement » au travers du monde architectural. Plusieurs questions se posent alors : comment les protagonistes du programme « Ville orientale » furent amenés à cette rencontre avec l’étranger ? Dans quelle perspective cette dernière fut-elle menée ? Quels apports, immédiats et a posteriori, produisit l’activité d’un tel programme dans la discipline architecturale française et internationale ?
Effects of Social Media Marketing Strategies on Consumers Behavior
Authors: Singh Shamsher , Saluja Deepali
Published: September 2018

In the information age, social media is growing rapidly and at a faster pace. Social media is playing an important role in the day-to-day life of individuals. Using social media has become the everyday routine. Many social media sites display different types of advertisements by which the decision-making process is generally getting affected. Social media is much more than just a medium of sharing information. The present study is an attempt to understand how social media affects the decision-making process of consumers and the impacts of various marketing strategies used by firms on social media. The study employs the survey method to collect primary data from 200 customers who have been regularly using social media. Factor analysis and ANOVA has been used to gain insights in the study. The selected respondents are assumed to represent the population in the urban areas of Delhi.
Tweeting About Business and Society
Authors: Rathore Ashish Kumar , Tuli Nikhil , Ilavarasan P. Vigneswara
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the social media content posted by a woman Indian chief executive officer (CEO) on Twitter. The active involvement of CEO in communication activities influences the business effectiveness, performance, and standing of the business headed by her. Rstudio and Nvivo, two analytical tools, were used for different analysis such as tweets extraction and content analysis. The findings show the various themes in CEO communication which are categorized in different sectors in terms of her personal views (feelings and status updates), political views, and social concerns (ranging from education, women empowerment, governance, and policy support). The chapter extends the theoretical and empirical arguments for the importance of CEOs' social media communications. Finally, this research suggests that with a well-planned and strategic social media use, CEOs can create value for themselves and their businesses.
The Power of Peers
Authors: Hawkins Jacqueline , Crim Courtney , Ganz Jennifer B. , Kennedy Kimberley D.
Published: September 2018

General education classrooms are growing increasingly diverse and include students with wide-ranging abilities, including children with disabilities, children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, and children from poverty. Coupled with the need to implement 21st Century Skills, teachers need the knowledge and skills to implement research-supported interventions in a flexible and student-centered manner. Based on these needs, the purpose of this chapter is to profile two strategies that have been exemplified in the content area of reading (i.e., class-wide peer tutoring, repeated reading). Both strategies are supported by research, are particularly suited for differentiation of instruction in classrooms that include diverse learners, and can incorporate various aspects of 21st century skills. It is hoped that teachers will gain the skills to implement effective interventions that support both the practice of reading and 21st century skills.
Inclusive Practices for Speech Language Pathologists
Authors: Pitre Alex R.
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to identify and describe the current state of inclusive practices in terms of service delivery for speech language pathologists (SLP) and to identify administrative responsibilities in supporting inclusive practices. Identifying and describing effective practices of inclusion for students with disabilities is a challenging and complex task. This chapter begins by giving a brief historical overview of inclusive education, identifying the role of the speech pathologist in schools, identifying how SLPs work with families, teachers, and staff, research on effective administrative strategies in leading inclusive schools and supporting SLPs, describing inclusive education, choosing types of service delivery, models of inclusion, statistical facts, and conclusion.
Life Has Equal Worth
Authors: Monyai Reginald Botshabeng
Published: September 2018

The aim of this chapter is to advance reasons in support of the establishment of full-service schools. The current government has sought to produce a lifelong learner who is literate, numerate, multi-skilled, compassionate, with the capacity to live well with others and to think critically. The curriculum had to complement the principles of social transformation, human rights, and valuing indigenous knowledge system, among others. Unfortunately, differently abled learners were excluded from mainstream classes because of race and (dis)ability. Given the circumstances surrounding this exclusion, parents were ashamed to acknowledge and accept their differently abled children, and society compounded the situation by rejecting them as well. The theory that underpins the discourse in this chapter is Social Constructionism. The chapter will introduce the concepts of full-service schools, followed by a discussion of the legislative framework responsible for the establishment of full-service schools. There will also be a critical look at the roles of the different stakeholders in the teaching and learning setup of full-service schools.
Quality Assurance in English Education in Omani Schools
Authors: Denman Christopher , Al-Mahrooqi Rahma
Published: September 2018

Quality emerged as an important consideration in educational contexts around the world more than three decades ago. However, providing quality education is no simple matter as there are many different perspectives about achieving this outcome. Despite this challenge, there is an increasing awareness in the Sultanate of Oman about the need to create and monitor education quality at all levels. In pursuit of this goal, Oman's Ministry of Education has implemented several important reforms which have encompassed all school subjects, including English. Basic education is one of the most significant of these reforms. To date, however, there is no indication of any significant improvement in English achievement levels in either schools or universities as a result of these programs. The aim of this chapter is to elucidate the challenges reported in the literature that face the provision of quality education at all levels in Oman. Opportunities for improvement and solutions to existing problems are also discussed.
A Plurilingual Approach to Language Education
Authors: Vollmer Carl , Thanyawatpokin Benjamin
Published: September 2018

English education around the world is moving in a communication-based and task-oriented direction. Plurilingualism principles state that non-native language varieties should be used in the classroom along with encouraging students to freely mix and code switch between languages in order to facilitate communication from the students and raise motivation to use language. The suggestions for language classrooms include welcoming the students' home language into the classroom, actively encouraging students to use knowledge of other languages besides English or the student L1, and focusing on preserving the flow of conversation by allowing students to mix languages freely when speaking. The authors provide several snapshots of how they utilize plurilingualist principles in their own classrooms. Classrooms that are included in the snapshots range from high school to an after-school elementary student program for teaching English. While the observations come mainly from EFL classrooms in Japan, the hope is that the suggestions can be applied in classrooms in other countries.
Geospatial Technics, Modelling, Meteorological, and Ground Data for Crop Management in Semi-Arid Zones of Morocco
Authors: Hadria Rachid , El Mansouri Loubna , Benabdelouhab Tarik , Ceccato Pietro
Published: September 2018

Recent geospatial technologies offer an infinite number of opportunities in the domain of land management and governance. This is due principally to the fact that new satellites allow the collection and monitoring of important information about soil, crops, weather, and climate. In this context, this chapter presents a review of studies conducted in three semi-arid plains in Morocco during the last two decades on the combined use of geospatial technologies, modelling tools, meteorological, and ground data to manage irrigated lands in semi-arid zones. The three studied regions are located in three different sites well distributed over the country. This chapter presents a simple and clear summary of what has been performed using geospatial technologies by Moroccan researchers to improve agricultural management in irrigated areas in Morocco. Such work could help policymakers in developing efficient land governance policies by taking into account the latest scientific results.
A Testifying Development of a Benchmark Study Approach Applicable to Land in the ECOWAS Area
Authors: Tine Moustapha Gning , Edem Gbeagblewo
Published: September 2018

At independence, the leaders of the member states, in the search for ways of development of their young nations, have encountered the thorny problem of land management which was under the control of the customary regimes. West African land legislation is not sufficiently clarified and suffers from a legal dualism that hinders development and can lead to widespread conflicts. The increasingly visible development of a single regional market and the desire to create conditions for lasting social peace in the region make it imperative to secure the means of subsistence and to harmonize their governance. This work is an attempt to develop a benchmark study approach applicable to West African land. It represents a support for land reforms taking into account present and future land issues in the region. It is a methodology that develops both a set of indicators to evaluate and compare the performance of land practices as an approach to analyzing the results and proposing reforms.
Revised Reality Therapy
Authors: Ng Joo Hou , Page Aaron
Published: September 2018

This chapter proposes an intervention – revised reality therapy – that has been developed to help school guidance counsellors treat low self-esteem in Malaysian secondary schools. Revised reality therapy has been developed using literature from a range of fields, including: choice theory, reality therapy, social identity approach, and first-hand experience in Malaysian secondary schools. The proposed intervention uses a simple, easy to use method which - for the convenience of school guidance counsellors and laypeople alike – has been presented as a six-step process. The theoretical background, implementation, and validity of revised reality therapy will be presented in this chapter. Future directions and limitations are also discussed.
LGBTQ+ Population in Asia Pacific (Malaysia)
Authors: Kon Gianina Ginnie , Ming Anne Chong Yuk
Published: September 2018

The topic of LGBTQ in Malaysia was chosen as this issue is relatively new (as compared to Western society) and perhaps not as open due to the different religious, cultural, and familial taboo surrounding it. Individuals who face a crisis in their sexuality, hence, face insurmountable challenges and conflicts and may need to seek help from the counselling/helping professionals. This chapter that focuses on LGBTQ+ population in general, and particularly in Malaysia, it is hoped that it would facilitate the relationship between the counsellor with a member of this particular population.
Buddhist Approaches to Counselling and Psychotherapy
Authors: Ng Alvin Lai Oon , Hon Ee Mun , Chia Ming Tik
Published: September 2018

Three authors from differing Buddhist backgrounds share their approaches to using Buddhism in psychotherapy. The authors argue that Buddhism itself is fundamentally a psychotherapy approach because it is essentially a prescription to end discontent and misery. This chapter provides basic points on how Buddhism can be used in counselling by discussing how different Buddhist traditions might approach counselling. This chapter also brings up reflections on how practice may differ according to experience in the fields of counselling and clinical psychology. Overall, the chapter is subdivided into six parts: (1) introduction; (2) basic tenets of Buddhism relevant to psychotherapy; (3) case study illustrations of applied Buddhism in counselling and psychotherapy; (4) discussion on reconciling differing Buddhist schools of thought in the practice of counselling and psychotherapy; (5) discussion on compatibility of Buddhist principles with applied Western philosophies and therapeutic approaches; and (6) suggestions of future directions given the current research literature patterns.
Consumerism and Self-Construction
Authors: Hadaway Bradford S.
Published: September 2018

Self-construction is a process by which a person exercises self-governing agency and fashions his or her own identity, creatively weaving together the various values, beliefs, loves, and aesthetic tendencies that ultimately make a self. Though consumer culture seems to provide the raw materials necessary for self-construction using the meaning-making and signaling capabilities of products and brands, consumption-based projects of self-creation will likely falter because of structural features of desire-formation in that setting. For projects of self-creation to be meaningful, the choices about what kind of identity to form must (1) flow from reflective processes and (2) be based on grounds that the agent him or herself can endorse—two conditions necessary for self-governing agency. Yet desires in consumer culture are often hardened into what Kant calls “passions,” a kind of desire that precludes and overcomes reflective processes thus undermining the self-governing agency that is required for self-construction.
The Consumption Performance
Authors: Koronaki Eirini , Panigyrakis George
Published: September 2018

Building on the sociocultural dimension of consumption, this chapter sees consumption as the interaction between individuals, products, and meanings. One of the frameworks within consumer culture theory, symbolic interactionism, further explains this co-creation of meaning, building on the idea that people are creating their reality when interacting with one another. A theory providing us with greater detail in how people interact with one another is role theory, according to which people play various roles in their lives, some with greater and some with lesser importance, and each one of them is accompanied with certain expected behaviors. One of the roles we play in contemporary societies is that of a consumer, providing us with an explanation of why the things we expect from consumption change over time. In this, the above will be analyzed parallel to the identification of constructs from the marketing literature for the proposed framework.
“Money Worlds” and Wellbeing
Authors: Flynn Leisa Reinecke , Goldsmith Ronald Earl , Brusco Michael
Published: September 2018

Tatzel proposed a theory of money worlds and wellbeing comprised of four prototypical consumer patterns based on whether consumers are high/low on materialism and simultaneously tight or loose with money. Tatzel proposes that the four prototypes (value-seekers, non-spenders, big-spenders, and experiencers) differ strikingly along many values, attitudes, and behaviors. This study uses data from 1,016 U.S. student consumers to test empirically the typology and differences. A cluster analysis confirmed that a four-cluster solution best represented the data, supporting Tatzel's model. Subsequent ANOVAs showed that two of the four groups differed predictably in the hypothesized directions. Significant differences between big-spenders and non-spenders appeared in levels of price sensitivity, status consumption, generosity, brand engagement, worry about debt, and spending. The other two groups, value-seekers and experiencers, fell between them. The findings partially confirm Tatzel's theory and suggest that “money worlds” are one way of conceptualizing consumer culture.
Youth Consumer Practices and Social Alienation
Authors: Wilson John Graham
Published: September 2018

This chapter argues that traditional institutions (education and the family) have lost their influence, and consequently, among youth, there is a marked presence of deficiencies in their lives. As the main focus of society, mass-consumerism is implicated as a wide-ranging source of manipulation involving the consumption behavior of the young. How much independence-seeking subcultural groups can claim independence from the prevailing wider culture is explored. Many diverse sociological persuasions are examined in the search for workable explanations to account for the phenomenon of youth alienation in the Western world.
School Safety Through Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)
Authors: Barone Peter Arthur
Published: September 2018

Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) was defined along with how it works and what it can be used for relating to school safety. An overview of its origins, history, and history of its successful uses in other fields to create safe environments is shown. Psychological and sociological theories of rational choice and deterrence were discussed as they relate to CPTED. The process of assessment to develop the proper creation and application of CPTED in the design of school building(s) was explained along with how CPTED can be applied to existing school buildings via assessments by CPTED professionals and how modifications of existing buildings can be accomplished to obtain the same results as an originally designed building. The 11 elements of CPTED were identified, and the chapter explains how they can be implemented to provide a safe environment through the environmental design. The benefits of what CPTED can be accomplished by creating a safe environment for students, teachers, and administrators in the school campuses and buildings is also presented.
Stratigraphic Analyses, Historical Evidences, and 3D Documentation Tools
Authors: Beltramo Silvia , Donadio Elisabetta , Spanò Antonia
Published: September 2018

The stratigraphic analysis of the masonries has been variously used to interpret the construction phases of the historical buildings of different eras and has assumed the contours of a consolidated method. In this chapter the stratigraphic analysis of a portion of an important and exemplary architectural complex of southern Piedmont (the church of the medieval Staffarda Abbey) will be presented highlighting two relevant objectives. The first aim concerns the methods of investigation: the deep observation of the signs of alteration of the masonries has been flanked by 3D modeling methods generated by integrated photogrammetric and lidar techniques, and the representation of the stratigraphic units has been realized through the support of GIS technology. The connection between 3D surveys and historical documents and the direct reading on the constructive elements and its 3D models, allowed the rewriting and new interpretation of the construction phases of the Santa Maria Church, previously unknown.
Giving Form to Absence
Authors: Ippoliti Elena , Casale Andrea , Calvano Michele , Guadagnoli Francesca
Published: September 2018

This chapter is motivated by the possibility of an intelligent use of digital technologies by experimenting with communicational forms and languages to enhance cultural heritage. The experimentation was conducted about a particular case study —the urban space of Amatrice and its community, overturned by the earthquake on 24 August 2016 and the successive aftershocks— with the goal of investigating the opportunities to integrate material and immaterial, tangible and intangible artefacts with reference to the experiences proposed for visitors, the type of individual and collective use, and the digital interfaces/devices and physical supports. The overall goal is to propose various visits, that is, different types of “virtual museums,” investigating in particular the specific contributions that the discipline of representation and the details of its communicational models can contribute to the context of correlations between representation/innovation and technology/communication.
JPSC KP
Authors: Baker Abu
Published: September 2018

Advancement in technology has facilitated humans in various ways. However, the phenomenon has negative strain, too, in the form of weaponry and transport and communication technologies that have accelerated the momentum and broadened the spectrum of terrorist activities. Kidnappings, bomb blasts, vandalisms, target killings, physical harassments, etc. are a few of the various bad practices a racket or terrorist organization resorts to, to satisfy its thirst for blood and money. Some even resort to making extortion demands and threat calls to raise their finances and spread terror, respectively. These activities have become difficult to trace with the use of burner phones, outstation phone calls, and calls from unregistered service identity module (SIMs). Given this scenario, the proposed Joint Public Safety Cell app is intended to assist the general public in efficient registration of a complaint, and keeping updates of security forcers' action on their complaint. Details of JPSC app have been discussed in the chapter.
MotherCare App for Expectant Mothers in Interior Parts of Pakistan
Authors: Khalil Muhammad Abdul Tawab , Jan Saifullah , Ali Wajid , Khan Adnan
Published: September 2018

Pregnancy, as a matter of fact, is always physically and emotionally challenging for women. Rapid physical changes with baby's growth in the womb exposes the mother to severe mood swings from short spell of merriment to long spells of anxiety and depression about upcoming child's health, its wellbeing, and so on. Most of the third world countries with their struggling economies have patriarchal social fabric, a fact that makes it worse for women of these societies to healthily tackle or seek help during gestation. The main goal of the proposed application, MothersCare, is to help the expecting mothers when they need it most. It will help them choose the right physician and request appointments from the comfort of homes, barring cumbersome wait for turn in long queues in rush hours for appointments with doctors at hospitals. This app is absolutely user-friendly in terms of simplicity of use and wide spectrum of maternal healthcare services it offers.
Modern Technology and Women Empowerment in Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Afshan Syed , Saif Noreen
Published: September 2018

The issue of women rights violations is nothing new. However, the modes of tackling the menace has changed and gained momentum by many degrees. With advances in technology, these modes have assumed the semblance of a technological crusade for the cause of women rights. Pakistan, a patriarchal society to the core, has not been behind others in the use of smart technology for socio-economic safety and empowerment of women. Some of these efforts are directly sponsored by government; others are the initiatives by individuals and companies in private capacity. Though different in form and shape, these measures have a common goal to empower women socio-economically, give them necessary technical training, and/or stand by them when justice is impeded. The current chapter throws light on the spectrum of work being done to use technology as a vehicle to curb incidence of violation of women rights, strengthen women, and help them live honorably.
An Efficient System for Human Detection Using PIR Sensor and Mobile Technology
Authors: Ahmad Muzamil , Shoaib Muhammad , Haq Aizaz ul
Published: September 2018

Personal security and safety of one's property is not just one's basic need but one's basic right, too. Had it not been for this fact, there wouldn't have been any laws, law enforcement bodies, system of justice, and any question of good governance and government. Apart from these highly sophisticated means for protection of human safety in terms of physical security including health, economic security, and social security, there have been other systems in place for safety purposes. These include home, shop, or office automation, deployment of security staff, installation of CCTV cameras, buying insurance policies, and so on. However, each of these measures costs great money to the security seeker. The system presented in this chapter, based on human (and/or animal) detection using passive infrared radial (PIR) sensor and mobile technology, is a cost-effective security solution to those who cannot afford large investments in their personal and property safety.
Technology in Child's Right to Self-Development
Authors: Mahmood Afshan Syed , Umair Sajid , Shah Muhammad Yousaf
Published: September 2018

As the world is changing fast with the ever-growing science and technology, many raise their eyebrows in concern over the deterioration that has hit the natural environment around. However, there are many scientists who are sincerely using their technological expertise to help the humanity in all positive ways. One such effort happens to be the various software that have fast emerged in the form of educational games, packages of short moral stories and fables, and rhymes for kids, fully caring for the kids' right to education and personal development. The chapter discusses a couple of such programs, available free and/or paid.
Usage of Electronic Resources Among Ophthalmologists in India
Authors: Kumar A. Ashok
Published: September 2018

The contribution of ophthalmologists is inevitable for visually challenged patient care and to eradicate unnecessary blindness in this society. Other than the academic focus of the medical students, the importance of continuing medical education (CME) for doctors in all disciplines, including ophthalmology, is a well-known factor to enhance their day-to-day clinical practices. The role of electronic and online resources in academic curriculum of medicine and CME is acceptable and inexorable among the user community worldwide. In the last several years, many research studies have focused on how people use electronic resources or on their feelings about electronic and online resources in various fields. In this study, the researcher analyzed the electronic resources usage among the ophthalmologists which indirectly supports their day-to-day clinical practices and serves the society against blindness. The results of the study show that the respondents have an average level of e-resources usage skills, particularly on awareness about many available e-resources.
Use of E-Resources by Social Scientists in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Muthurasu C. , Kannan Sri. P.
Published: September 2018

E-resources is defined as a resource which requires computer access or any electronic product that delivers a collection of data, be it text referring to full text bases, electronic journals, image collections, other multimedia products, as a commercially available title that has been published with an aim to being marketed. Over the past few years, a number of techniques about related standards have been developed which allow documents to be created and distributed in electronic form. The e-resource on magnetic and optical media has a vast impact on the collections of university libraries. The study shows that majority of the respondents—82.59% of respondents having 1-2 years' experience, followed by less than one year (11.08%), 3-5 years (3.48%), and only 2.85% of respondents stated more than five years—have experience of using e-resources.
Use of Electronic Resources Among Management Students of Alagappa University
Authors: Alagu A.
Published: September 2018

The study examines the use of electronic resource among management students of Alagappa University. A questionnaire was distributed among the post-graduate students to collect desired data. A total of 85 questionnaires were distributed to the selected sample of Faculty of Management; 60 valid samples were collected. The study describes in brief the e-resources and their types, etc. The objectives and research methodology of the study has clearly expanded. The data analysis and interpretation are investigating the use of e-resources, awareness, purpose of use searching for relevant e-resources, reason for using e-resources, frequently of use, satisfaction level, problems facing while accessing e-resources by management students. They opined that e-resources improve quality of their work but lack of accessibility to back issues and limited number of titles available and lack of training of e-resources are the main problems faced by the management students while accessing e-resources.
Model-Centric Fulfillment Operations and Maintenance Automation
Authors: Moore Patrick
Published: September 2018

As networks have evolved, there has been an evolution in how they are managed as well. This evolution has seen a move from manual configuration via command line interface (CLI) to script-based automation and eventually to a template-based approach with workflow to coordinate multiple templates and scripts. The next step in this evolution is the introduction of models to provide a more dynamic capability than is in place today. This chapter will discuss three major layers of modelling that should be considered during implementation of this approach: device models focused on the configuration of the hardware itself; service models focused on the customer or network facing services that leverage the hardware level configuration; and operational models focused on people, processes, and tools involved in application of device and service models. This includes the orchestration of activities with other tools, such as operational support systems (OSS) and business support systems (BSS).
On the Way to Smart Education and Urban Society
Authors: Daniela Linda , Chui Kwok Tai , Visvizi Anna , Lytras Miltiades D.
Published: September 2018

This chapter summarizes the development and transformation of the International Journal of Knowledge Society Research (IJKSR) into a new form called the International Journal of Smart Education and Urban Society (IJSEUS). In the chapter, there is used literature review methodology to analyze the 199 articles published in 32 issues from 2010 to 2017. The obtained results allow us to ascertain what were the emerging topics published in the journal, which types of research article are published more often, and which countries are represented. The aggregated data also allow us to identify future directions in developing a journal and promoting its visibility and citation. The descriptive analysis method was adopted for data analysis, the quantitative data were compiled using Excel software, and the content analysis was done descriptively by defining the research categories.
Managing Multi-Cloud Data Dependability Faults
Authors: AlZain Mohammed A. , Li Alice S. , Soh Ben , Masud Mehedi
Published: September 2018

Cloud computing is considered a great paradigm that enables access to large scale, on demand, flexible computing infrastructure. Lower infrastructure cost and better application performance are some of the benefits of utilizing a cloud computing model. With the appearance of the new generation of multi-cloud computing, clients can benefit from a diversity of services. However, data security has become an important requirement for clients when dealing with clouds that may fail due to faults in the software or hardware, or attacks from malicious insiders. Hence, building a highly dependable and reliable cloud system has become a critical research problem. To that end, this chapter investigates and presents the results in relation to that how Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) and secure cloud data storage and sharing techniques can be deployed to manage multi-cloud data dependability faults.
Cutting Edge: The Heat Shock Protein gp96 Activates Inflammasome-Signaling Platforms in APCs
Authors: Wang Yifei , Sedlacek Abigail L. , Pawaria Sudesh , Xu Haiyan , Scott Melanie J. , Binder Robert J.
Published: September 2018

Several heat shock proteins (HSPs) prime immune responses, which are, in part, a result of activation of APCs. APCs respond to these immunogenic HSPs by upregulating costimulatory molecules and secreting cytokines, including IL-1β. These HSP-mediated responses are central mediators in pathological conditions ranging from cancer, sterile inflammation associated with trauma, and rheumatoid arthritis. We tested in this study the requirement of inflammasomes in the release of IL-1β by one immunogenic HSP, gp96. Our results show that murine APCs activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in response to gp96 by K+ efflux. This is shown to initiate inflammatory conditions in vivo in the absence of additional known inflammasome activators or infection. These results document a novel mechanism by which proteins of endogenous origin, the HSPs, can modulate an inflammatory response following their release from aberrant cells.
Cardiotrophin-like Cytokine Increases Macrophage–Foam Cell Transition
Authors: Pasquin Sarah , Laplante Véronique , Kouadri Shiriane , Milasan Andreea , Mayer Gaétan , Tormo Aurélie Jeanne , Savin Virginia , Sharma Mukut , Martel Catherine , Gauchat Jean-François
Published: September 2018

CLCF1 is a neurotrophic and B cell–stimulating factor belonging to the IL-6 family. Mutations in the gene coding for CLCF1 or its secretion partner CRLF1 lead to the development of severe phenotypes, suggesting important nonredundant roles in development, metabolism, and immunity. Although CLCF1 was shown to promote the proliferation of the myeloid cell line M1, its roles on myeloid activation remain underinvestigated. We characterized the effects of CLCF1 on myeloid cells with a focus on monocyte–macrophage and macrophage–foam cell differentiations. CLCF1 injections in mice resulted in a significant increase in CD11b+ circulating cells, including proinflammatory monocytes. Furthermore, CLCF1 activated STAT3 phosphorylation in bone marrow CD11b+ cells and in bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDM). BMDM stimulated with CLCF1 produced a large array of proinflammatory factors comprising IL-6, IL-9, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-12, CCL5, and CX3CL1. The pattern of cytokines and chemokines released by CLCF1-treated BMDM led us to investigate the role of CLCF1 in foam cell formation. When pretreated with CLCF1, BMDM presented a marked SR-A1 upregulation, an increase in acetylated–low-density lipoprotein uptake, and an elevated triglyceride accumulation. CLCF1-induced SR-A1 upregulation, triglyceride accumulation, and acetylated–low-density lipoprotein uptake could be prevented using ruxolitinib, a JAK inhibitor, indicating that the effects of the cytokine on myeloid cells result from activation of the canonical JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Our data reveal novel biological roles for CLCF1 in the control of myeloid function and identify this cytokine as a strong inducer of macrophage–foam cell transition, thus bringing forward a new potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.