bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet astronomical spectrograph calibration with laser frequency combs from nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides
Authors: Ludwig Markus , Ayhan Furkan , Schmidt Tobias M. , Wildi Thibault , Voumard Thibault , Blum Roman , Ye Zhichao , Lei Fuchuan , Wildi François , Pepe Francesco , Gaafar Mahmoud A. , Obrzud Ewelina , Grassani Davide , Hefti Olivia , Karlen Sylvain , Lecomte Steve , Moreau François , Chazelas Bruno , Sottile Rico , Torres-Company Victor , Brasch Victor , Villanueva Luis G. , Bouchy François , Herr Tobias
Published: September 2024

Astronomical precision spectroscopy underpins searches for life beyond Earth, direct observation of the expanding Universe and constraining the potential variability of physical constants on cosmological scales. Laser frequency combs can provide the required accurate and precise calibration to the astronomical spectrographs. For cosmological studies, extending the calibration with such astrocombs to the ultraviolet spectral range is desirable, however, strong material dispersion and large spectral separation from the established infrared laser oscillators have made this challenging. Here, we demonstrate astronomical spectrograph calibration with an astrocomb in the ultraviolet spectral range below 400 nm. This is accomplished via chip-integrated highly nonlinear photonics in periodically-poled, nano-fabricated lithium niobate waveguides in conjunction with a robust infrared electro-optic comb generator, as well as a chip-integrated microresonator comb. These results demonstrate a viable route towards astronomical precision spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and could contribute to unlock the full potential of next-generation ground-based and future space-based instruments.
Adipose stem cells are sexually dimorphic cells with dual roles as preadipocytes and resident fibroblasts
Authors: Uhrbom Martin , Muhl Lars , Genové Guillem , Liu Jianping , Palmgren Henrik , Alexandersson Ida , Karlsson Fredrik , Zhou Alex-Xianghua , Lunnerdal Sandra , Gustafsson Sonja , Buyandelger Byambajav , Petkevicius Kasparas , Ahlstedt Ingela , Karlsson Daniel , Aasehaug Leif , He Liqun , Jeansson Marie , Betsholtz Christer , Peng Xiao-Rong
Published: September 2024

Cell identities are defined by intrinsic transcriptional networks and spatio-temporal environmental factors. Here, we explored multiple factors that contribute to the identity of adipose stem cells, including anatomic location, microvascular neighborhood, and sex. Our data suggest that adipose stem cells serve a dual role as adipocyte precursors and fibroblast-like cells that shape the adipose tissue’s extracellular matrix in an organotypic manner. We further find that adipose stem cells display sexual dimorphism regarding genes involved in estrogen signaling, homeobox transcription factor expression and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These differences could be attributed to sex hormone effects, developmental origin, or both. Finally, our data demonstrate that adipose stem cells are distinct from mural cells, and that the state of commitment to adipogenic differentiation is linked to their anatomic position in the microvascular niche. Our work supports the importance of sex and microvascular function in adipose tissue physiology.
Retrotransposon addiction promotes centromere function via epigenetically activated small RNAs
Authors: Shimada Atsushi , Cahn Jonathan , Ernst Evan , Lynn Jason , Grimanelli Daniel , Henderson Ian , Kakutani Tetsuji , Martienssen Robert A.
Published: September 2024

Retrotransposons have invaded eukaryotic centromeres in cycles of repeat expansion and purging, but the function of centromeric retrotransposons has remained unclear. In Arabidopsis, centromeric ATHILA retrotransposons give rise to epigenetically activated short interfering RNAs in mutants in DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION1 (DDM1). Here we show that mutants that lose both DDM1 and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase have pleiotropic developmental defects and mis-segregate chromosome 5 during mitosis. Fertility and segregation defects are epigenetically inherited with centromere 5, and can be rescued by directing artificial small RNAs to ATHILA5 retrotransposons that interrupt tandem satellite repeats. Epigenetically activated short interfering RNAs promote pericentromeric condensation, chromosome cohesion and chromosome segregation in mitosis. We propose that insertion of ATHILA silences centromeric transcription, while simultaneously making centromere function dependent on retrotransposon small RNAs in the absence of DDM1. Parallels are made with the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, where chromosome cohesion depends on RNA interference, and with humans, where chromosome segregation depends on both RNA interference and HELLSDDM1.
Predicting odor from vibrational spectra: a data-driven approach
Authors: Ameta Durgesh , Behera Laxmidhar , Chakraborty Aniruddha , Sandhan Tushar
Published: September 2024

This study investigates olfaction, a complex and not well-understood sensory modality. The chemical mechanism behind smell can be described by so far proposed two theories: vibrational and docking theories. The vibrational theory has been gaining acceptance lately but needs more extensive validation. To fill this gap for the first time, we, with the help of data-driven classification, clustering, and Explainable AI techniques, systematically analyze a large dataset of vibrational spectra (VS) of 3018 molecules obtained from the atomistic simulation. The study utlizes image representations of VS using Gramian Angular Fields and Markov Transition Fields, allowing computer vision techniques to be applied for better feature extraction and improved odor classification. Furthermore, we fuse the PCA-reduced fingerprint features with image features, which show additional improvement in classification results. We use two clustering methods, agglomerative hierarchical (AHC) and k-means, on dimensionality reduced (UMAP, MDS, t-SNE, and PCA) VS and image features, which shed further insight into the connections between molecular structure, VS, and odor. Additionally, we contrast our method with an earlier work that employed traditional machine learning on fingerprint features for the same dataset, and demonstrate that even with a representative subset of 3018 molecules, our deep learning model outperforms previous results. This comprehensive and systematic analysis highlights the potential of deep learning in furthering the field of olfactory research while confirming the vibrational theory of olfaction.
Respiratory rates among rural Gambian children: a community-based cohort study
Authors: Mogeni Polycarp , Amima Sharon , Gunther Jennifer , Pinder Margaret , Tusting Lucy S. , D’Alessandro Umberto , Cousens Simon , Lindsay Steve W. , Bradley John
Published: September 2024

Normal respiratory rates (RR) for children under five in the tropics are well-documented, but data for older children are limited. This study tracked RR changes with age and examined associations with nutritional status and environmental factors. We monitored rural Gambian children aged 6 months to 14 years, recording RR during home visits twice weekly over two rainy seasons. Using a generalized additive model, we constructed RR reference curves, and a linear mixed-effect model identified factors influencing RR. A total of 830 children provided 67,512 RR measurements. Their median age was 6.07 years (interquartile range 4.21–8.55) and 400 (48.2%) were female. Age, stunting, ambient temperature, and time of RR measurement were independent predictors of respiratory rate. Strikingly, children showing signs of illness had greater variability in repeat RR measurements. We constructed a RR reference chart for children aged one to 13 years and proposed a cutoff of > 26 breaths/min for raised RR among children aged > 5 years bridging an important gap in this age group. Although the time of data collection, nutritional status, and ambient temperature were predictors of RR, their effect size is not clinically significant enough to warrant a change in the current WHO guidelines owing to the prevailing uncertainty in the measurement of RR. The finding that RRs between repeat measurements were more variable among children with signs of illness suggests that a single RR measurement may be inadequate to reliably assess the status of sick children—a population in which accurate diagnosis is essential to enable targeted interventions with lifesaving treatment.
A system to analyze the initiation of random X-chromosome inactivation using time-lapse imaging of single cells
Authors: Koshiguchi Manami , Yonezawa Nao , Hatano Yu , Suenaga Hikaru , Yamagata Kazuo , Kobayashi Shin
Published: September 2024

In female eutherian mammal development, X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) of one of the two X chromosomes is initiated early. Understanding the relationship between the initiation of XCI and cell fate is critical for understanding early female development and requires a system that can monitor XCI in single living cells. Traditional embryonic stem cells (ESCs) used for XCI studies often lose X chromosomes spontaneously during culture and differentiation, making accurate monitoring difficult. Additionally, most XCI assessment methods necessitate cell disruption, hindering cell fate tracking. We developed the Momiji (version 2) ESC line to address these difficulties, enabling real-time monitoring of X-chromosome activity via fluorescence. We inserted green and red fluorescent reporter genes and neomycin and puromycin resistance genes into the two X chromosomes of PGK12.1 ESCs, creating a female ESC line that retains two X chromosomes more faithfully during differentiation. Momiji (version 2) ESCs exhibit a more stable XX karyotype than other ESC lines, including the parental PGK12.1 line. This new tool offers valuable insights into the relationship between XCI and cell fate, improving our understanding of early female development.
Impact of acquisition area on deep-learning-based glaucoma detection in different plexuses in OCTA
Authors: Schottenhamml Julia , Würfl Tobias , Ploner Stefan , Husvogt Lennart , Lämmer Robert , Hohberger Bettina , Maier Andreas , Mardin Christian
Published: September 2024

Glaucoma is a group of neurodegenerative diseases that can lead to irreversible blindness. Yet, the progression can be slowed down if diagnosed and treated early enough. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can non-invasively provide valuable information about the retinal microcirculation that has shown to be correlated with the onset of the disease. The vessel density (VD) is the most commonly used biomarker to quantify this vascular information. However, different studies showed that there is a great impact of the acquisition area on the performance of the VD to distinguish between glaucoma patients and a healthy control group. It also seems that the separate capillary plexuses are differently affected by the disease and therefore also influence the results. So in this study we investigate the impact of the acquisition area (3 $$\times $$
×
3 $$\textrm{mm}$$
mm
macular scan, 6.44 $$\times $$
×
6.4 $$\textrm{mm}$$
mm
macular scan, 6 $$\times $$
×
6 $$\textrm{mm}$$
mm
optic nerve head (ONH) scan) and the different plexuses on the machine-learning-based distinction between glaucoma patients and healthy controls. The results yielded that the 6 $$\times $$
×
6 $$\textrm{mm}$$
mm
ONH show the best performance over all plexuses. Moreover the deep learning-based approach outperforms the VD as a biomarker on every acquisition area and plexus. In addition to that, it also performs better than traditional biomarkers obtained from the OCT scans that are used in the clinical routine for diagnosis and progression tracking of glaucoma. Consequently, OCTA scans of the ONH might be a useful addition to OCT when studying glaucoma.
Cognitive subgroups of affective and non-affective psychosis show differences in medication and cortico-subcortical brain networks
Authors: Bracher Katharina M. , Wohlschlaeger Afra , Koch Kathrin , Knolle Franziska
Published: September 2024

Cognitive deficits are prevalent in individuals with psychosis and are associated with neurobiological changes, potentially serving as an endophenotype for psychosis. Using the HCP-Early-Psychosis-dataset (n = 226), we aimed to investigate cognitive subtypes (deficit/intermediate/spared) through data-driven clustering in affective (AP) and non-affective psychosis patients (NAP) and controls (HC). We explored differences between three clusters in symptoms, cognition, medication, and grey matter volume. Applying principal component analysis, we selected features for clustering. Features that explained most variance were scores for intelligence, verbal recognition and comprehension, auditory attention, working memory, reasoning and executive functioning. Fuzzy K-Means clustering on those features revealed that the subgroups significantly varied in cognitive impairment, clinical symptoms, and, importantly, also in medication and grey matter volume in fronto-parietal and subcortical networks. The spared cluster (86%HC, 37%AP, 17%NAP) exhibited unimpaired cognition, lowest symptoms/medication, and grey matter comparable to controls. The deficit cluster (4%HC, 10%AP, 47%NAP) had impairments across all domains, highest symptoms scores/medication dosage, and pronounced grey matter alterations. The intermediate deficit cluster (11%HC, 54%AP, 36%NAP) showed fewer deficits than the second cluster, but similar symptoms/medication/grey matter to the spared cluster. Controlling for medication, cognitive scores correlated with grey matter changes and negative symptoms across all patients. Our findings generally emphasize the interplay between cognition, brain structure, symptoms, and medication in AP and NAP, and specifically suggest a possible mediating role of cognition, highlighting the potential of screening cognitive changes to aid tailoring treatments and interventions.
Global population datasets overestimate flood exposure in Sweden
Authors: Karagiorgos Konstantinos , Georganos Stefanos , Fuchs Sven , Nika Grigor , Kavallaris Nikos , Grahn Tonje , Haas Jan , Nyberg Lars
Published: September 2024

Accurate population data is crucial for assessing exposure in disaster risk assessments. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the development of spatially gridded population datasets. Despite these datasets often using similar input data to derive population figures, notable differences arise when comparing them with direct ground-level observations. This study evaluates the precision and accuracy of flood exposure assessments using both known and generated gridded population datasets in Sweden. Specifically focusing on WorldPop and GHSPop, we compare these datasets against official national statistics at a 100 m grid cell resolution to assess their reliability in flood exposure analyses. Our objectives include quantifying the reliability of these datasets and examining the impact of data aggregation on estimated flood exposure across different administrative levels. The analysis reveals significant discrepancies in flood exposure estimates, underscoring the challenges associated with relying on generated gridded population data for precise flood risk assessments. Our findings emphasize the importance of careful dataset selection and highlight the potential for overestimation in flood risk analysis. This emphasises the critical need for validations against ground population data to ensure accurate flood risk management strategies.
Association between alcohol consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese from Panasonic cohort study 12
Authors: Takahashi Fuyuko , Okada Hiroshi , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Kurogi Kazushiro , Murata Hiroaki , Ito Masato , Fukui Michiaki
Published: September 2024

This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and the onset of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese individuals. Participants were aged 40 and above from Panasonic Corporation, Osaka, Japan’s medical health checkup program from 2008 to 2021. Alcohol consumption was calculated by converting the quantity consumed into daily ethanol consumption. We assessed the association between alcohol consumption and the onset of type 2 diabetes using Cox regression analysis. The total and median follow-up duration was 13 years and 7 (3–13) years (748,090 person-years). Among 102,802 participants, 7,510 participants (7.3%) developed type 2 diabetes during the study period. Alcohol consumption at the level of 0 < to < 22 g/day and 22 to < 39 g/day were negatively associated with developing type 2 diabetes compared to complete alcohol abstainers. Alcohol consumption at levels of 39 to < 66 g/day and at levels of ≥ 66 g/day were positively associated with developing type 2 diabetes in participants with BMI < 25 kg/m2. All levels of alcohol consumption were negatively associated with developing type 2 diabetes in participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption were positively associated with developing type 2 diabetes for participants with BMI < 25 kg/m2, whereas alcohol intake was negatively associated with developing type 2 diabetes among participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.
Weaving equity into infrastructure resilience research: a decadal review and future directions
Authors: Coleman Natalie , Li Xiangpeng , Comes Tina , Mostafavi Ali
Published: September 2024

Infrastructure resilience plays an important role in mitigating the negative impacts of natural hazards by ensuring the continued accessibility and availability of resources. Increasingly, equity is recognized as essential for infrastructure resilience. Yet, after about a decade of research on equity in infrastructure resilience, what is missing is a systematic overview of the state of the art and a research agenda across different infrastructures and hazards. To address this gap, this paper presents a systematic review of equity literature on infrastructure resilience in relation to natural hazard events. In our systematic review of 99 studies, we followed an 8-dimensional assessment framework that recognizes 4 equity definitions including distributional-demographic, distributional-spatial, procedural, and capacity equity. Significant findings show that (1) the majority of studies found were located in the US, (2) interest in equity in infrastructure resilience has been exponentially rising, (3) most data collection methods used descriptive and open-data, particularly with none of the non-US studies using human mobility data, (4) limited quantitative studies used non-linear analysis such as agent-based modeling and gravity networks, (5) distributional equity is mostly studied through disruptions in power, water, and transportation caused by flooding and tropical cyclones, and (6) other equity aspects, such as procedural equity, remain understudied. We propose that future research directions could quantify the social costs of infrastructure resilience and advocate a better integration of equity into resilience decision-making. This study fills a critical gap in how equity considerations can be integrated into infrastructure resilience against natural hazards, providing a comprehensive overview of the field and developing future research directions to enhance societal outcomes during and after disasters. As such, this paper is meant to inform and inspire researchers, engineers, and community leaders to understand the equity implications of their work and to embed equity at the heart of infrastructure resilience plans.
Crosstalk between salicylic acid signalling and the circadian clock promotes an effective immune response in plants
Authors: Fraser Olivia J. P. , Cargill Samantha J. , Spoel Steven H. , van Ooijen Gerben
Published: September 2024

The rotation of Earth creates a cycle of day and night, leading to predictable changes in environmental conditions. The circadian clock synchronizes an organism with these environmental changes and alters their physiology in anticipation. Prediction of the probable timing of pathogen infection enables plants to prime their immune system without wasting resources or sacrificing growth. Here, we explore the relationship between the immune hormone salicylic acid (SA), and the circadian clock in Arabidopsis. We found that SA altered circadian rhythmicity through the SA receptor and master transcriptional coactivator, NPR1. Reciprocally, the circadian clock gates SA-induced transcript levels of NPR1-dependent immune genes. Furthermore, the clock gene CCA1 is essential for SA-induced immunity to the major bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. These results build upon existing studies of the relationship between the circadian clock and SA signalling and how interactions between these systems produce an effective immune response. Understanding how and why the immune response in plants is linked to the circadian clock is crucial in working towards improved crop productivity.
A colour sensor integrated into a microcontroller platform as a reliable tool for measuring pH changes in biochemistry applications
Authors: Keresteš Ondřej , Pohanka Miroslav
Published: September 2024

An open-source colorimeter with a colour sensor for determination of pH in liquids with a universal indicator – a novel approach for reaction monitoring.
Boosting the performance of Zn ion hybrid supercapacitors by regulating the chemically and physically active sites of graphene films
Authors: Jiang Hedong , Jin Mengxue , Sun Lingling , Huang Dandan , Guo Pingchun , Li Jiake , Zhu Hua , Wang Yanxiang
Published: September 2024

The prepared RGO-N(DMF) electrode has a fluffy structure and abundant physically and chemically active sites, showing both high specific capacity and rate performance.
Anion exchange promoting non-impurities enables conformable and efficient inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Fang Jun , Lin Dongxu , Xie Guanshui , Li Sibo , Li Huan , Wang Xin , Wang Daozeng , Huang Nuanshan , Peng Haichen , Gan Lin , Zhu Yanzhuo , He Sisi , Qiu Longbin
Published: September 2024

An insight of anion-exchange strategy gained by in situ characterization in sequential thermal evaporation-solution process for high quality perovskite films.
Photoinduced morphology change in ionic supramolecular block copolymer
Authors: Karnaukh Kseniia M. , Xie Shuyi , Yang Kai-Chieh , Komal Komal , Segalman Rachel A. , Read de Alaniz Javier
Published: September 2024

The light-induced conformational change in the chain-end group chemistry substantially alters the ionic junctions, leading to a phase structural difference from hexagonally packed cylinders (HEX) to lamellae (LAM) in the solid-state.
Photoredox catalysis enabled by atomically precise metal nanoclusters
Authors: Zhang Junyi , Zhan Linjian , Ning Boyuan , He Yunhui , Xiao Guangcan , Chen Zhixin , Xiao Fang-Xing
Published: September 2024

The heterostructure is elaborately designed by a self-assembly strategy, wherein Ag16(GSH)9 nanoclusters serve as photosensitizers to participate in interfacial charge transfer, ultimately resulting in significantly enhanced photoredox catalysis.
Ir/Brønsted acid dual-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of bisbenzannulated spiroketals and spiroaminals from isochroman ketals
Authors: Chen Yang , Yan Hui , Zheng Hanliang , Deng Wei-Ping , Li Zhong , Yang Wu-Lin
Published: September 2024

An Ir/Brønsted acid dual-catalyzed asymmetric cascade reaction of 2-(1-hydroxyallyl)phenols with isochroman ketals was developed, affording antifungal spiroketals with high enantioselectivities.
Synthesis of S-alkyl phosphorothioates/phosphorodithioates via ring-opening reaction of sulfonium salts with S8, H-phosphonates or P4S10, and alcohols
Authors: Yang Li-Hua , Chen Lin , Li Bei , Jin Yuan-Xin , Liu Yun , Peng Sha , Xie Long-Yong
Published: September 2024

A simple and practical method for the synthesis of S-alkyl phosphorothioates/phosphorodithioates through the three-component reaction of cyclic sulfonium salts with S8, H-phosphonates, or P4S10, and alcohols was readily developed.
Effect of pyrolysis temperature on physicochemical characteristics and toxic elements for grub manure-derived biochar
Authors: Zhao Qingsong , Cui Jiayi , Hou Yuxin , Pei Penggang
Published: September 2024

While traditional solutions for disposing of animal manure are limited by their time-consuming nature and inefficiency, the pyrolysis of animal manure into biochar is considered a promising disposal option, offering high-value benefits.
Graphene oxide–cerium oxide nanocomposite modified gold electrode for ultrasensitive detection of chlorpyrifos pesticide
Authors: Khan Sami Ullah , Khalid Waqas , Atif Muhammad , Ali Zulqurnain
Published: September 2024

This research introduces a noval method to detect chlorpyrifos (CLP) using a gold electrode coated with a graphene oxide–cerium oxide (GO–CeO2) nanocomposite in a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution.
An overview of the recent advances and future prospects of three-dimensional particle electrode systems for treating wastewater
Authors: Piao Mingyue , Du Hongxue , Teng Honghui
Published: September 2024

This review presents a thorough analysis of the research and future development of particle electrodes used for catalyzing pollutants in electrochemical systems.
Effects of alcohols as sacrificial reagents on a copper-doped sodium dititanate nanosheets/graphene oxide photocatalyst in CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Kitjanukit Nutkamol , Neamsung Wannisa , Karawek Apisit , Lertthanaphol Napat , Chongkol Napatr , Hiramatsu Koki , Sekiguchi Tomoya , Pornsuwan Soraya , Sakurai Takahiro , Jonglertjunya Woranart , Phadungbut Poomiwat , Ichihashi Yuichi , Srinives Sira
Published: September 2024

Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and water SCRs were tested for their ability to assist a copper-doped sodium dititanate nanosheets/graphene oxide heterostructure (CTGN) in CO2 photoreduction. Methanol SCR exhibited the best performance.
Convenient syntheses of 2-acylamino-4-halothiazoles and acylated derivatives using a versatile Boc-intermediate
Authors: Pate Sophie , Taujanskas Joshua , Wells Robyn , Robertson Craig M. , O'Neill Paul M. , Stachulski Andrew V.
Published: September 2024

Pseudothiohydantoin was readily converted into 2-amino-4-halothiazoles in Boc-protected form. The products were readily converted into potential antiviral thiazolides.
Trapping of thermally generated ortho- and para-quinone methides by imidazoles and pyrazoles: a simple route to green synthesis of benzopyrone-azole hybrids and their evaluation as α-glucosidase inhibitors
Authors: Myshko Andrii S. , Mrug Galyna P. , Bondarenko Svitlana P. , Kondratyuk Kostyantyn M. , Kobzar Oleksandr L. , Buldenko Vladyslav M. , Kozytskiy Andriy V. , Vovk Andriy I. , Frasinyuk Mykhaylo S.
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate a protocol for the synthesis of benzopyrone-azole hybrids in the reaction of pyrazoles and (benz)imidazole with phenolic Mannich bases. The target compounds were studied as inhibitors of α-glucosidase.
Enhancing nanoscale viscoelasticity characterization in bimodal atomic force microscopy
Authors: Adam Casey Erin , Piacenti Alba Rosa , Waters Sarah L. , Contera Sonia
Published: September 2024

This article describes and validates an analysis procedure that enhances nanoscale viscoelasticity characterization in bimodal AFM by determining how to model sample viscoelasticity then calculating additional sample properties.
Explainable optimized 3D-MoRSE descriptors for the power conversion efficiency prediction of molecular passivated perovskite solar cells through machine learning
Authors: Ye Xin , Cui Ningyi , Ou Wen , Liu Donghua , Bao Yufan , Ai Bin , Zhou Yecheng
Published: September 2024

The 3D-MoRSE descriptor is optimized and introduced to predict the device power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells by machine learning.
Cross-linked conjugated polymers based on triazine and polybranched polycyclic thiophene for improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Zibin , Chu Ya , Meng Fanpeng , Dong YunYun , Zhao Jinsheng , Zhang Huayang , Zhong Xiujuan
Published: September 2024

Conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) incorporating donor–acceptor (D–A) structures are gaining significant interest for their potential in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Surface modification of medical grade biomaterials by using a low-temperature-processed dual functional Ag–TiO2 coating for preventing biofilm formation
Authors: Pradhan Lipi , Hazra Sobhan , Singh Satya Veer , Bajrang  , Upadhyay Anjali , Pal Bhola Nath , Mukherjee Sudip
Published: September 2024

Ag–TiO2 coating on various medical-grade biomaterials demonstrates their antibacterial and antibiofilm properties.
Recent development and applications of electrodeposition biocoatings on medical titanium for bone repair
Authors: Yi Jialong , Li Ming , Zhu Jixiang , Wang ZuHang , Li Xiaoyan
Published: September 2024

Schematic diagram of the device, mechanism and biomedical application of electrodeposition for the preparation of bioactive coatings on the surface of titanium implants for bone repair.
A six-level ferroelectric storage cell based on a bidirectional imprint field
Authors: Kim Chaeheon , Hwang Junghyeon , Shin Hunbeom , Ahn Jinho , Jeon Sanghun
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a six-level ferroelectric cell with six switchable polarization states using a novel fixed-charge method.
Axial vibration characteristics analysis of transformer windings based on magnetic‐structural coupling correction model
Authors: Wang Ping , Teng Fuyun , Geng Jianghai , Liu Yunpeng , Wang Xinyu , Gao Shuguo
Published: September 2024

Due to the strong coupling effect between the internal magnetic field and the structural field of the transformer, the magnetic‐structural coupling should be considered in axial vibration process of the winding short‐circuit impact. A 110 kV transformer is taken as the research object. Firstly, the vibration modal characteristics of the transformer are calculated using the classical axial vibration model, and the spatial distribution of the leakage magnetic flux density of the iron core window is obtained based on the image method, which is used as the basis for calculating the excitation electromagnetic force. With the consideration of the non‐linear mechanical characteristic of the pad, the dynamic stiffness equation is analysed and established and the magnetic‐structural coupling correction model is constructed. Finally, the winding vibration amplitudes obtained respectively by the classical model, the magnetic‐structural coupling model, and the magnetic‐structural coupling correction model considering the dynamic stiffness are compared. The results show that, compared with the classical model, the vibration amplitude increment with the magnetic‐structural coupling correction model is less. The dynamic stiffness will hinder the vibration intensification. The magnetic‐structural coupling correction model can provide a more accurate calculation scheme for the winding vibration characteristic analysis.
A simple model of dust extinction in gamma-ray burst host galaxies
Authors: Rakotondrainibe N. A. , Buat V. , Turpin D. , Dornic D. , Le Floc’h E. , Vergani S. D. , Basa S.
Published: September 2024

Context. Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows are powerful probes for studying the different properties of their host galaxies (e.g., the interstellar dust) at all redshifts. By fitting their spectral energy distribution (SED) over a large range of wavelengths, we can gain direct insights into the properties of the interstellar dust by studying the extinction curves. Unlike the dust extinction templates, such as those of the average Milky Way (MW) or the Small and Large Magellanic Cloud (SMC and LMC), the extinction curves of galaxies outside the Local Group exhibit deviation from these laws. Altogether, X-ray and gamma-ray satellites as well as ground-based telescopes, such as Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift) and Gamma-Ray Optical and Near-Infrared Detector (GROND), provide measurements of the afterglows from the X-ray to the NIR, which can be used to extract information on dust extinction curves along their lines of sight (LoS). The study presented in this paper undertakes such a photometric study, comprising a preparatory work for the SVOM mission and its ground-based follow-up telescope COLIBRI.

Aims. We propose a simple approach to parameterize the dust extinction curve of GRB host galaxies. The model used in this analysis is based on a power law form with the addition of a Loretzian-like Drude profile with two parameters: the extinction slope, γ, and the 2175 Å bump amplitude, Eb.

Methods. Using the g′r′i′z′JHKs GROND filter bands, we tested our dust extinction model and explored the parameter space in extinction and redshift by fitting SEDs of simplified simulations of GRB afterglow spectra based on different extinction curve templates. From a final sample of 10 real Swift/GROND extinguished GRBs, we determined the quantities of the dust extinction in their host and measured their extinction curves.

Results. We find that our derived extinction curves are in agreement with the spectroscopic measurements reported for four GRBs in the literature. We compared four other GRBs to the results of photometric studies where fixed laws were used to fit their data. We additionally derived two new GRB extinction curves. The measured average extinction curve is given by a slope of γ = 1.051 ± 0.129 and Eb = 0.070 ± 0.036, which is equivalent to a quasi-featureless in-between SMC-LMC template. This is consistent with previous studies aimed at deriving the dust host galaxy extinction where we expect that small dust grains dominate in GRB environment, yielding a steeper curve than the mean MW extinction curve.
Machine learning and deep learning predictive models for the stock market
Authors: Wang Sunye
Published: September 2024

Accurately predicting the movement of stock prices can help people make more informed investment decisions and thus obtain higher returns. They can also assess market trends, develop investment strategies and provide investment advice. In this paper, we used 5 models including Random Forest, XGBoost, ANN, RNN, LSTM to predict and verify the fit of 3 companies (AMZN, BABA and MSFT). It is found that LSTM and random forest model can predict well in most cases. The development of the financial industry does have some shortcomings, and the future financial field will be a field full of challenges and opportunities, so some machine learning and deep learning methods can be used to solve the prediction and modeling problems of financial aspects such as the stock market.
Welchen Einfluss hat die Entfernung zwischen dem Notfallort und dem ECLS-Zentrum auf die Low-Flow-Zeit von ECPR-Patienten?
Authors: Magomedov Abakar , Schröder Tim , Nee Jens , Zickler Daniel , Körner Roland , Kunz Julius Valentin , Przewoznik Margarethe , Hoff Uwe , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Kruse Jan Matthias
Published: September 2024

Die extrakorporale kardiopulmonale Reanimation (ECPR) als Bridging-Verfahren bei
refraktärem Kreislaufstillstand ist eine herausfordernde Strategie. Umfassende
evidenzbasierte Einschlusskriterien im Hinblick auf das neurologische Outcome liegen nicht
vor, die Dauer der konventionellen Reanimation ist wahrscheinlich ein Faktor. Gegenstand
dieser Untersuchung ist, ob die Entfernung des Notfallortes vom ECPR-Zentrum eine
entscheidende Bedeutung für die Zeit bis zum ECPR-Start ist.

Retrospektive Datenanalyse von 143 Patienten, die einen Kreislaufstillstand erlitten
haben und in ein ECLS-Zentrum transportiert wurden.

Die Dauer der CPR bis Aufnahme lag bei 63 min (50–80 min), die Gesamtdauer der CPR bei
Start ECPR (Gesamt-Low-Flow-Zeit) lag bei 100 min (80–115 min) – beide Zeitangaben
korrelierten nicht signifikant mit der Entfernung vom Notfallort zum ECPR-Zentrum.

Wir fanden keine signifikante Korrelation zwischen der Entfernung des Notfallortes zum
ECLS-Zentrum und der Dauer vom Beginn der CPR bis zum Eintreffen im Zentrum. Möglicherweise
sind also andere logistische Faktoren entscheidend für die Dauer bis zum Eintreffen im
Zentrum. Die vorliegenden Daten erlauben diesbezüglich keine weiteren Rückschlüsse. Damit
scheint aber die These untermauert, dass eine Erhöhung der Anzahl der ECLS-Zentren mit
konsekutiver Verkürzung der Anfahrtsstrecke keine geeignete Maßnahme ist, um die Dauer der
mechanischen Reanimation und damit die Low-Flow-Zeit zu minimieren. Der präklinische
ECMO-Einsatz könnte einen Lösungsansatz bieten.
Human Viral Oncoproteins and Ubiquitin–Proteasome System
Authors: Atani Zahra Rafiei , Hosseini Sareh Sadat , Goudarzi Hossein , Faghihloo Ebrahim
Published: September 2024

Some human cancers worldwide may be related to human tumor viruses. Knowing, controlling, and managing the viruses that cause cancers remain a problem. Also, tumor viruses use ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) that can alter host cellular processes through UPS. Human tumor viruses cause persistent infections, due to their ability to infect their host cells without killing them. Tumor viruses such as Epstein–Barr virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, human papillomaviruses, human T cell leukemia virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus are associated with human malignancies. They interfere with the regulation of cell cycle and control of apoptosis, which are important for cellular functions. These viral oncoproteins bind directly or indirectly to the components of UPS, modifying cellular pathways and suppressor proteins like p53 and pRb. They can also cause progression of malignancy. In this review, we focused on how viral oncoproteins bind to the components of the UPS and how these interactions induce the degradation of cellular proteins for their survival.
Potential Mechanism and Perspectives of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: A Review
Authors: Zhu Pengcheng , Tan Hongtu , Gao Haobo , Wang Jiabin , Liu Yangyang , Yang Dongyi , Wu Tao
Published: September 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as a stem cell type with multiple differentiation potentials and immune regulatory abilities, have shown broad prospects in the treatment of ischemic stroke in recent years. The main characteristics of MSCs include their self-renewal ability, differentiation potential for different types of cells, and the ability to secrete various bioactive factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, which play a key role in tissue repair and regeneration. In the treatment of ischemic stroke, MSCs exert therapeutic effects through various mechanisms, including promoting vascular regeneration of damaged brain tissue, reducing inflammatory responses, and protecting neurons from damage caused by apoptosis. Research have shown that MSCs can promote the repair of ischemic areas by releasing neurotrophic factors and angiogenic factors, while inhibiting immune responses triggered by ischemia, thereby improving neurological function. With the in-depth study of its biological mechanism, MSCs have gradually shown good safety and effectiveness in clinical applications. Therefore, fully exploring and utilizing the potential of MSCs in the treatment of ischemic stroke may provide new ideas and solutions for future neural repair and regenerative medicine.
Higher memory effects and the post-Newtonian calculation of their gravitational-wave signals
Authors: Siddhant S , Grant Alexander M , Nichols David A
Published: September 2024

A new hierarchy of lasting gravitational-wave effects (the higher memory effects) was recently identified in asymptotically flat spacetimes, with the better-known displacement, spin, and center-of-mass memory effects included as the lowest two orders in the set of these effects. These gravitational-wave observables are determined by a set of temporal moments of the news tensor, which describes gravitational radiation from an isolated source. The moments of the news can be expressed in terms of changes in charge-like expressions and integrals over retarded time of flux-like terms, some of which vanish in the absence of radiation. In this paper, we compute expressions for the flux-like contributions to the moments of the news in terms of a set of multipoles that characterize the gravitational-wave strain. We also identify a part of the strain that gives rise to these moments of the news. In the context of post-Newtonian theory, we show that the strain related to the moments of the news is responsible for the many nonlinear, instantaneous terms and ‘memory’ terms that appear in the post-Newtonian expressions for the radiative multipole moments of the strain. We also apply our results to compute the leading post-Newtonian expressions for the moments of the news and the corresponding strains that are generated during the inspiral of compact binary sources. These results provide a new viewpoint on the waveforms computed from the multipolar post-Minkowski formalism, and they could be used to assess the detection prospects of this new class of higher memory effects.
3D reconstruction and volume measurement of irregular objects based on RGB-D camera
Authors: Zhu Yu , Cao Songxiao , Song Tao , Xu Zhipeng , Jiang Qing
Published: September 2024

To address the challenge of measuring volumes of irregular objects, this paper proposes a volume measurement method based on 3D point cloud reconstruction. The point clouds of the object with multiple angles are obtained from an RGB-D camera mounted on a robotic arm, and then are reconstructed to form a whole complete point cloud to calculate the volume of the object. Firstly, the robotic arm is controlled to move to four angles for capturing the original point clouds of the target. Then, by using the rotation and translation matrices obtained from the calibration block pre-registration, the point clouds data from the four angles are fused and reconstructed. Subsequently, the issue of missing bottom point cloud data is addressed using a bottom-filling algorithm. Following this, the efficiency of the point cloud volume calculation algorithm is enhanced through the application of axis-aligned bounding box filtering. Finally, the reconstructed point cloud volume is calculated using a slicing algorithm that integrates 2D point cloud segmentation and point cloud sorting. Experimental results show that this method achieves a volume measurement accuracy of over 95% for irregular objects and exhibits good robustness.
Effect of current probe location on response law of shielded multi-core wire
Authors: Sun Jiangning , Lu Xinfu , Li Xiaopeng , Lyu Xuxu , Wan Haojiang , Wei Guanghui , Pan Xiaodong
Published: September 2024

Bulk current injection (BCI) is a commonly used method in electromagnetic compatibility testing. In order to enhance the injection efficiency of the current probe, the interference process into the internal core wire is analyzed. Theoretical calculations indicate that the shielded multi-core wire exhibits a frequency-selective response under BCI conditions. The peak of the terminal load response voltage occurs at frequencies corresponding to the integral multiples of half the relative length of the cable. The position of the current probe along the cable only affects the amplitude of the distributed current on the shielding layer, but not its distribution pattern. The response of the internal core wire at the resonant frequencies is positively correlated with the distribution pattern of the distributed current on the shielding layer. The probe position has a significant effect on the magnitude of the wire-to-terminal response. Placing the current probe at both ends of the cable results in high injection efficiency and significant power savings.
A new approach for GNSS spoofing detection using power and signal quality monitoring
Authors: Zhang Linjie , Wang Lu , Wu Renbiao , Zhuang Xuebin
Published: September 2024

Global navigation satellite system signals are highly susceptible to spoofing attacks. Signal quality monitoring (SQM) methods are simple and easy to detect spoofing. However, traditional SQM methods are only effective for matched-power cases and exhibit high detection probability only for a short time. This study introduces a new approach, exploiting anomalies in receiver correlation outputs during spoofing. It efficiently detects signal amplitude fluctuations and correlation peak distortions. The Texas Spoofing Test Battery dataset and the real BeiDou spoofing data are used to evaluate the detection performance of the proposed approach. The results show that the proposed approach has excellent detection performance in various spoofing cases, including matched-power, overpowered, static, and dynamic cases. This approach surpasses traditional SQM metrics in detection probability and sensitivity to spoofing stages. Importantly, the proposed approach detects spoofing early.
Study of a novel capacitive pressure sensor using spiral comb electrodes
Authors: Chen Wenjie , Yang Qi , Liu Qi , Zhang Yiqun , He Liang , Xia Yuanlin , Wang Zhuqing , Xia Cao , Huang Yubo
Published: September 2024

For traditional capacitive pressure sensors, high nonlinearity and poor sensitivity greatly limited their sensing applications. Hence, an innovative design of capacitors based on spiral comb electrodes is proposed for high-sensitivity pressure detection in this work. Compared to traditional capacitive pressure sensors with straight plate comb electrodes, the proposed sensor with the spiral comb electrodes increases the overlap areas of electrodes sufficiently, the pressure sensitivity can thus be greatly improved. Moreover, the capacitance variation of the proposed sensor is dominated by the change of the overlap area of the electrodes rather than the electrode’s distance, the linearity can also thus be improved to higher than 0.99. Theoretical analysis and COMSOL-based finite element simulation have been implemented for principle verification and performance optimization. Simulation results show that the proposed design has a mechanical sensitivity of 1.5 × 10−4 m Pa−1, capacitive sensitivity of 1.10 aF Pa−1, and nonlinear error of 3.63%, respectively, at the pressure range from 0 to 30 kPa. An equivalent experiment has been further carried out for verification. Experimental results also show that both the sensitivity and linearity of capacitive pressure sensors with spiral comb electrodes are higher than those with straight comb electrodes. This work not only provides a new avenue for capacitor design, but also can be applied to high-sensitivity pressure detection.
Building aluminium-air battery on waste paper for DIY learning
Authors: Srivastava Vinit , Dubey Shivam , Thakur Abhay Singh , Vaish Rahul
Published: September 2024

Environmental sustainability and the effective use of renewable resources are critical subjects that need to be integrated into our educational systems through practical, hands-on learning. This paper focuses on the fabrication of aluminium-air batteries using waste materials, providing an innovative and cost-effective DIY approach to energy storage education. Utilizing aluminium from food packaging and graphite from pencils, this study demonstrates the construction and functionality of an aluminium-air battery to run an LED, highlighting its potential applications in educational settings and low-cost energy solutions. The paper aims to inspire the adoption of environmentally friendly practices and enhance students’ understanding of electrochemical energy conversion through accessible and engaging DIY projects.