bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Pregnancy and Subsequent Maternal Hypertension
Authors: Costantine Maged M. , Rice Madeline Murguia , Landon Mark B. , Varner Michael W. , Casey Brian M. , Reddy Uma M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Rouse Dwight J. , Tita Alan T.N. , Thorp John M. , Chien Edward K. , Peaceman Alan M. , Blackwell Sean C. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network
Published: November 2021

Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate whether values and the shape of the glucose curve during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in pregnancy identify women at risk of developing hypertension (HTN) later in life.

Study Design This category includes the secondary analysis of a follow-up from a mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) study that included a treatment trial for mild GDM (n = 458) and an observational cohort of participants with abnormal 1-hour glucose loading test only (normal OGTT, n = 430). Participants were assessed at a median of 7 (IQR 6–8) years after their index pregnancy, and trained staff measured their blood pressure (systolic blood pressure [SBP]; diastolic blood pressure [DBP]). The association between values and the shape of the glucose curve during OGTT in the index pregnancy and the primary outcome defined as elevated BP (SBP ≥120, DBP ≥80 mm Hg, or receiving anti-HTN medications), and secondary outcome defined as stage 1 or higher (SBP ≥130, DBP ≥80 mm Hg, or receiving anti-HTN medications) at follow-up were evaluated using multivariable regression, adjusting for maternal age, body mass index, and pregnancy-associated hypertension during the index pregnancy.

Results There was no association between fasting, 1-hour OGTT, and the outcomes. However, the 2-hour OGTT value was positively associated (adjusted odds ratio [aRR] per 10-unit increase 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08), and the 3-hour was inversely associated (aRR per 10-unit increase 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99) with the primary outcome. When the shape of the OGTT curve was evaluated, a monophasic OGTT response (peak at 1 hour followed by a decline in glucose) was associated with increased risk of elevated BP (41.3vs. 23.5%, aRR 1.66, 95% CI 1.17–2.35) and stage 1 HTN or higher (28.5 vs. 14.7%, aRR 1.83, 95% CI 1.15–2.92), compared with a biphasic OGTT response.

Conclusion Among persons with mild GDM or lesser degrees of glucose intolerance, the shape of the OGTT curve during pregnancy may help identify women who are at risk of HTN later in life, with biphasic shape to be associated with lower risk.

Key Points
Phase-field study of surface diffusion enhanced break-ups of nanowire junctions
Authors: Roy Abhinav , Varma R. Arjun , Gururajan M. P.
Published: November 2021

Using a phase-field model that incorporates enhanced diffusion at the nanowire surfaces, we study the effect of different parameters on the stability of intersecting nanowires. Our study shows that at the intersection of nanowires, sintering (curvature driven material flow) leads to the formation of junctions. These junctions act as the initiators of nanowire break-up. The subsequent break-ups take place due to Rayleigh instability at the arms away from these junctions. Finally, at long time scales, the fragments coarsen due to the differences in sizes. The radii of the nanowires that form the junction, the difference in the size of the intersecting nanowires, and the angle of intersection play a dominant role in determining the kinetics of the break-up, while the density of intersections has little or no effect on the kinetics. We rationalize our results using maps of (i) mean curvatures (and, hence, chemical potentials) and (ii) interfacial shape distributions (which are based on probability densities associated with different combinations of the two principal curvatures). Finally, we use the moment of inertia tensor to characterize the (non-spherical) shapes and morphologies of (central) nanowire fragments at the junctions.
Plasma expansion and relativistic filamentation in intense laser-irradiated cone targets
Authors: Cochran G. E. , Kemp A. J. , Wilks S. C. , Kerr S. M. , Williams G. J. , Alessi D. A. , Di Nicola J.-M. G. , Hermann M. R. , Kalantar D. H. , Lanier T. E. , Marinak M. M. , Martinez D. , Prantil M. A. , Widmayer C. , Williams W. H. , Mackinnon A. J.
Published: November 2021

Compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) cone targets have been shown to produce increased MeV photons on the NIF-ARC by 10× over flat targets. Multiple x-ray frames can potentially be generated by firing the NIF-ARC's beamlets into distinct cone targets at few nanosecond relative delays. This requires that the cone targets with delayed beams are not degraded by their proximity to previous targets. One concern is that the spatial wings of a beam fired into one target can fall on neighboring targets, producing a preformed plasma that may interfere with laser light reaching the tip of the cone. In this work, 3D hydra simulations of realistic targets and beam parameters show that hundreds of micrometer scale length preplasmas are produced in cones within 1 mm of the laser spot. 2D particle-in-cell simulations of the intense main pulse in this preplasma indicate a density threshold for the onset of relativistic filamentation in our conditions. Applying our modeling approach to a NIF-ARC shot with an intentional 15 J prepulse yields good agreement with experimental results.
Investigations of radiation damaged arranged scintillating particle composites
Authors: Wiggins Brenden W. , Richards Cameron G. , Nelson Ronald O. , Iliev Metodi , Hehlen Markus P.
Published: November 2021

Composites consisting of periodically arranged scintillating particles within an acrylic (poly methyl methacrylate) matrix are excellent templates for the gamma-insensitive detection of fast neutrons. In order to study the impact of radiation damage on acrylic-based scintillating particle composites, we exposed acrylic samples to different doses of fast neutrons up to 119.7 kGy and investigated the change in optical characteristics using optical absorption spectroscopy in the 200–800 nm wavelength range. The experimental results are compared to coupled MCNP6 and optical ray-tracing (FRED) simulations, and qualitative agreement is found. Neutron-induced radiation damage in the acrylic matrix manifests as a red-shift in the ultra-violet absorption edge of the acrylic and a corresponding decrease in the light propagation efficiency, which leads to detector performance degradation. We show for the first time that the effects of radiation damage can be mitigated by the use of wavelength-shifting coatings. We predict that composites with wavelength-shifting coatings can enable neutron detectors with high tolerance against neutron-induced radiation damage, a property that is particularly desired for neutron detection in high radiation environments.
Electric and viscous correction for viscous potential flow analysis of electrohydrodynamic instability of an electrified leaky-dielectric jet
Authors: Xie Luo , Hu Hai-bao , Ren Feng , Huang Xiao , Du Peng , Wen Jun
Published: November 2021

The electric and viscous correction of viscous potential flow (EVCVPF) is developed for analyzing the electrohydrodynamic instability of an electrified leaky-dielectric viscous jet. The EVCVPF model is based on the viscous potential flow (VPF) and the viscous correction of VPF (VCVPF), proposed by Joseph and Wang [“The dissipation approximation and viscous potential flow,” J. Fluid Mech. 505, 365–377 (2004)]. The purpose is to resolve the discrepancy between the non-zero irrotational viscous and the electric tangent stresses. The power of the pressure correction is introduced to compensate the neglected viscous dissipation in the flow bulk in VPF, which is equal to the average power of the irrotational viscous and the electric tangent stresses. The model has been validated by comparing it to the exact normal-mode solution of the linearized Navier–Stokes equations (fully viscous flow, FVF). The energy budget is also performed to assist in understanding underlying mechanisms. Results show that EVCVPF is accurate for charged jets with low and moderate viscosities, i.e., the Ohnesorge number approximately Oh ≤ 0.1. The inaccuracy for highly viscous jets are the limitations of VPF itself. The electric field has less influence compared to the fluid viscosity. To achieve more accurate approximations, VCVPF and VPF are chosen for axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric modes under weak electric fields. EVCVPF is in remarkably good agreement with FVF under moderate and strong electric fields. In general, as VCVPF extends the applicability in fluid viscosity of VPF, EVCVPF further improves the adequacy when studying the electrohydrodynamic instability.
Effects of activation method and temperature to III-nitride micro-light-emitting diodes with tunnel junction contacts grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Wong Matthew S. , Palmquist Nathan C. , Jiang Jiaxiang , Chan Philip , Lee Changmin , Li Panpan , Kang Ji Hun , Baek Yong Hyun , Kim Chae Hon , Cohen Daniel A. , Margalith Tal , Speck James S. , Nakamura Shuji , DenBaars Steven P.
Published: November 2021

The optical and electrical characteristics of InGaN blue and green micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) with GaN tunnel junction (TJ) contacts grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were compared at different activation temperatures among three activation methods from the literature, namely, sidewall activation, selective area growth (SAG), and chemical treatment before sidewall activation. The devices with chemical treatment before activation resulted in uniform electroluminescence and higher light output power, compared to the devices with sidewall activation and SAG. Moreover, the green μLEDs showed greater optical degradation at elevated activation temperatures, whereas the blue μLEDs yielded trivial difference with activation temperatures from 670 to 790 °C. The 5 × 5 μm2 devices with chemical treatment before activation and SAG yielded almost identical voltage at 20 A/cm2, and the voltage penalty significantly decreased with activation temperature in the case of devices with sidewall activation. The devices with chemical treatment before activation resulted in higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) and wall-plug efficiency (WPE) in low current density range compared to the devices with SAG. The enhancements in EQE and WPE were observed in different μLED sizes, suggesting that chemical treatment before sidewall activation enables the use of TJ contacts grown by MOCVD and is advantageous for applications that require high brightness and efficiency.
Metallic capped quasi-two-dimensional electron gas in a SrTiO3-based heterostructure
Authors: Wang Huichao , Suen Chun Hung , Li Hui , Cai Songhua , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Wang Jiannong , Dai Ji-Yan
Published: November 2021

Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in SrTiO3 (STO)-based heterostructures has been a subject of intense scientific interest in recent years. In this work, the metallic transition metal dichalcogenides ZrTe2 was grown on STO by pulsed laser deposition and AlN was subsequently deposited as a protection layer. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy results demonstrated the system as a multilayer structure of AlN/ZrTe2/ZrO2/STO due to interface redox reactions and implied a conductive STO surface. The remarkable Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations detected by angular dependent magnetotransport measurements reveal clear evidence of a high mobility quasi-2DEG in the STO-based interface. Moreover, evidence for extra carriers with three-dimensional features is observed implying the multiband contributions, which provide an explanation for some anomalous behavior in STO-based heterostructures. In addition, the thickness dependence study suggests the charge transfer effect between the capping metallic topological material ZrTe2 and the interfacial 2DEG. This work provides insight into the intrinsic electronic structure of STO-based heterostructures, and the integrated systems can serve as a platform for studying the interplay of the 2DEG with attractive materials as well as developing practical device applications.
Nanoscopic study on carvone-terpene based natural deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Rozas Sara , Alomari Noor , Aparicio Santiago , Atilhan Mert
Published: November 2021

Terpene-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) formed by using carvone as the hydrogen bond acceptor and a series of organic acids including tartaric, succinic, malic, and lactic acids as hydrogen bond donors are studied using a combination of molecular simulation methods. Density functional theory was used to study small molecular clusters and the topological characterization of the intermolecular forces using the atoms-in-a-molecule approach. Close-range interactions between the optimized carvone bases eutectic solvents between carbon dioxide have been studied for potential utilization of these solvents for gas capture purposes. Furthermore, COSMO-RS calculations have been carried out for the carbon dioxide solubilization performance of NADES compounds and to obtain s-profiles to infer the polarity and H-bond forming ability of the studied solvents. On the other hand, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to analyze the bulk liquid properties and their relationship with relevant macroscopic properties (e.g., density or thermal expansion). Last but not least, relevant toxicity properties of the studied systems were predicted and reported in this work. The reported results provide the characterization of environmentally friendly NADES and show the suitability of carvone for advanced applications as carbon dioxide solubilizers.
Dermatophilosis (lumpy wool) in sheep: a review of pathogenesis, aetiology, resistance and vaccines
Authors: Tellam Ross L. , Vuocolo Tony , Denman Stuart , Ingham Aaron , Wijffels Gene , James Peter J. , Colditz Ian G.
Published: November 2021

Lumpy wool (dermatophilosis) develops following prolonged wetting of sheep when bacterial proliferation in wool and on skin induce an exudative dermatitis, causing a superficial skin lesion and damage to wool follicles and fibres. The incidence of dermatophilosis is strongly dependent on wet and warm weather and, hence, infection is sporadic. While older animals are less at risk than are lambs, it is unclear whether this reflects naturally acquired immune resistance or the maturation of skin and wool fibres. Dermatophilosis directly causes wool production losses and it also is a risk factor for blowfly strike, which has a substantial economic impact and increasing challenges associated with current control procedures. This review assessed research on the bacterial causes of lumpy wool, the characteristics of the resulting immune defence reactions in sheep, current control strategies, and limitations of previous attempts to control lumpy wool by sheep vaccination.
STI testing among young people attending music festivals in New South Wales, Australia: exploring the client segmentation concept in the ‘Down to Test’ program
Authors: Janssen Marty , Okeke Sylvester , Murray Carolyn , Ewing Margy , Lu Heng , Bourne Christopher , Mao Limin
Published: November 2021

Background The ‘Down to Test (DTT)’ campaign is a sexually transmissible infection (STI) social marketing intervention delivered through outdoor music festival activations and supported by digital media communications in New South Wales, Australia. This paper investigates whether and how the tailored messages reached the intended audience. Methods Data was collected through three annual rounds of online surveys post campaign exposure, targeting young people (aged 15–29 years) attending 14 music festivals in NSW from October 2017 to March 2020. Descriptive statistics, principal component analysis and multivariable logic regression were applied to identify the key client segment and factors associated with a strong intention for future STI screening. Results Of the 10 044 participants with a valid urine specimen submitted, 261 (2.8%) tested positive for chlamydia. Altogether, 1776 participants (median age = 22) self-completed the evaluation surveys online with more being female (73.4%) than male (26.2%). Participants were mostly Australian-born (89.5%), heterosexual (82.6%) and the majority being sexually active (96.7%). Rates of self-reported lifetime STI testing (70.4%) and intention for future STI screening (‘definitely yes’ in the next 12 months, 39.0%) were also high. The most significant factor associated with future intention for STI testing is the Sexual Experience and Perception Factor (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.02; 95%CI 1.76–2.32; P < 0.001), followed by the Sexual Beliefs and Attitudes Factor (AOR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.01–1.30; P < 0.05). Conclusions The NSW state-wide DTT campaign has largely reached sexually active youth who are attentive to sexual health promotion messages and contributed to enhanced STI screening in a fun and peer-supportive environment.
Heme auxotrophy in abundant aquatic microbial lineages
Authors: Kim Suhyun , Kang Ilnam , Lee Jin-Won , Jeon Che Ok , Giovannoni Stephen J. , Cho Jang-Cheon
Published: November 2021

Significance

Heme is essential for respiration. As a cofactor of cytochromes, heme functions as a main electron carrier in all respiratory electron transport chains. Therefore, it is natural to expect all respiring and free-living microorganisms to make heme. Against this expectation, here we show that the acI lineage, one of the most abundant bacterial groups in freshwater environments, is unable to biosynthesize heme and requires exogenous heme. Furthermore, we provide genomic evidence for putative heme auxotrophy among many not-yet-cultured aquatic microbial groups. Heme should be the focus of future research on the metabolic dependency among microorganisms and the role of exchangeable metabolites in structuring diverse ecosystems, and would also be a media component that must be considered when cultivating novel microbes.
Infinitival complement clauses
Authors: Cardoso Aida , Duarte Inês , Santos Ana Lúcia
Published: November 2021

Assuming the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (FRH) (Lardiere 2008, 2009), we argue that the acquisition of Exceptional Case Marking (ECM), Inflected Infinitive Structures (IIS) and Prepositional Infinitival Structures (PIC) by Spanish learners of European Portuguese (EP) presents different challenges. Two Acceptability Judgment Tasks show that identifying and reconfiguring the specific features associated with the PIC is a difficult task and that Spanish native speakers perform better in the case of ECM, whose properties can, for the most part, be transferred from the L1. However, the absence of an overt morphosyntactic counterpart for features related to Differential Object Marking (DOM) in EP represents a challenge. Finally, the results for the IIS present an interesting case study, since they force us to question the usual descriptions of the native grammar.
Brazilian and European Portuguese and Holmberg’s 2005 typology of null subject languages
Authors: Martins Ana Maria , Nunes Jairo
Published: November 2021

This paper rethinks Holmberg’s (2005) characterization of partial vs. consistent null subject languages (NSL) based on data from Brazilian and European Portuguese, the former a partial, the latter a consistent NSL. The paper proposes that rather than overt morphological distinctions, what is relevant for null subject licensing is the underlying feature specification of the verbal inflection, after agreement between T and a pronominal subject values the relevant person/number/gender/Case feature. Hence, only close inspection of the pronominal and agreement systems of individual NSLs permits an adequate characterization of them, for the same language may behave as a ‘partial’, ‘consistent’, or ‘radical’ NSL depending on the morphological feature specification of its nominative pronouns and T heads.
Prefaces in Soviet translations of Robert Burns’s poetry as ideological tools
Authors: Kaloh Vid Natalia
Published: November 2021

This article focuses on the ideological content and function of the prefaces that accompany the translations of foreign literature made in the Soviet Union. The aim of the article is to demonstrate how these translations use paratexts to comply with the target system’s ideological constraints. It shows how the ways in which the Soviet authorities used paratexts to manipulate representations of the author of the source text and the text itself reflect the power structures within the target system. The empirical investigation draws on a close lexical analysis of ideologemes in two prefaces that accompanied Soviet translations of Robert Burns’s poetry.
Association of impulsivity, physical development, and mental health to perceptual‐motor control after concussion in adolescents
Authors: Eagle Shawn R. , Kontos Anthony P. , Connaboy Chris
Published: November 2021

Sport‐related concussion (SRC) can affect multiple domains including impairment in perceptual‐motor control (PMC) in adolescents, potentially increasing subsequent injury risk. Research suggests that impulsivity, physical development, and mental health may be associated with PMC after SRC, but researchers have yet to examine this association. Adolescents (12–18y; n = 48) within 21 days of SRC were compared to 20 healthy adolescents with no concussion history using the Perception‐Action Coupling Task (PACT), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS), Pubertal Development Scale (PDS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) and Personal Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9). All outcomes were entered as predictors in linear regression (LR) models to predict PACT outcomes (accuracy; initiation, movement, and reaction times). Concussed adolescents had lower PACT accuracy (p = 0.016), higher PHQ‐9 (p = 0.029), total BIS (p = 0.004), attention impulsivity (p = 0.005), and cognitive instability impulsivity (p = 0.004). All four LRs were statistically significant (R2 = 0.18–0.38; p < 0.05), and included 1 + impulsivity domains as significant predictors (p < 0.05). Cognitive instability impulsivity appeared in 3/4 models of PACT outcomes. ADD/ADHD history, anxiety, and physical development ratings were also significant predictors of PACT outcomes. This study revealed associations between PMC and medical history, impulsivity, physical development and mental health in adolescents following SRC. Future studies should investigate the temporal relationship among these variables in this at‐risk population.

Highlights

After SRC, adolescents had deficits in action boundary perception accuracy, while reporting higher depression symptoms and impulsivity, including attention and cognitive instability components.

Certain domains of impulsivity were predictive of action boundary perception accuracy and each perception actualization measure in the concussed group.

ADD/ADHD history, anxiety scores, and physical development ratings were also significant predictors of perceptual‐motor accuracy and actualization time.
A resonant high-pressure sensor based on dual cavities
Authors: Yu Jie , Lu Yulan , Chen Deyong , Wang Junbo , Chen Jian , Xie Bo
Published: November 2021

High-pressure sensors enable expansive demands in ocean sciences, industrial controls, and oil explorations. Successful sensor realized in piezoresistive high-pressure sensors which suffer from the key issue of compromised accuracies due to serious temperature drifts. Herein, this paper presents a high accuracy resonant high-pressure sensor with the pressure range of 70 MPa. Different from conventional resonant high-pressure sensor, the developed sensor utilized a dual-resonator-cavity design to minimize temperature disturbances and improve the pressure sensitivities. Besides, four circle cavities were used to maintain a high vacuum level for resonators after anodic bonding process. In details, Dual resonators, which is parallelly placed in the tensile and compressive stresses areas of a rectangular pressure sensitive diaphragm, are separated vacuum-packaged in the parallel dual cavities. Thus, pressure under measurement bends the pressure sensitive diaphragm, producing an increased pressure sensitivity and a decreased temperature sensitivity by the differential outputs of the dual resonators. Parameterized mathematical models of the sensor were established and the parameters of the models were optimized to adjust the pressure sensitivities and the temperature sensitivities of the sensor. Simplified deep reactive ion etching was used to form the sensing structure of the sensor and only once anodic bonding was used to form vacuum packaging for the dual resonators. Experimental results confirmed that the Q values of the resonators were higher than 32 000. Besides, the temperature sensitivity of the sensor was reduced from 44 Hz °C−1 (494 ppm °C−1) to 1 Hz °C−1 (11 ppm °C−1) by the differential outputs of the dual resonators in the temperature range of −10 °C–60 °C under the pressure of 1000 kPa. In addition, the accuracy of the sensor was better than 0.02% FS within the pressure range of 110–6500 kPa and the temperature range of −10 °C–60 °C by using a polynomial algorithm.
Atomic scale chemical ordering in franckeite—a natural van der Waals superlattice
Authors: Zschiesche Hannes , Aygar Ayse Melis , Langelier Brian , Szkopek Thomas , Botton Gianluigi A
Published: November 2021

The mineral franckeite is a naturally occurring van der Waals superlattice which has recently attracted attention for future applications in optoelectronics, biosensors and beyond. Furthermore, its stacking of incommensurately modulated 2D layers, the pseudo tetragonal Q-layer and the pseudo hexagonal H-layer, is an experimentally accessible prototype for the development of synthetic van der Waals materials and of advanced characterization methods to reveal new insights in their structure and chemistry at the atomic scale that is crucial for deep understanding of its properties. While some experimental studies have been undertaken in the past, much is still unknown on the correlation between local atomic structure and chemical composition within the layers. Here we present an investigation of the atomic structure of franckeite using state-of-the-art high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). With atomic-number image contrast in HAADF STEM direct information about both the geometric structure and its chemistry is provided. By imaging samples under different zone axes within the van der Waals plane, we propose refinements to the structure of the Q-layer and H-layer, including several chemical ordering effects that are expected to impact electronic structure calculations. Additionally, we observe and characterize stacking faults which are possible sources of differences between experimentally determined properties and calculations. Furthermore, we demonstrate advantages and discuss current limitations and perspectives of combining TEM and APT for the atomic scale characterization of incommensurately modulated von der Waals materials.
GaAs/GaAsPBi core–shell nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Himwas C , Yordsri V , Thanachayanont C , Tchernycheva M , Panyakeow S , Kanjanachuchai S
Published: November 2021

We report on the growth, structural, and optical properties of GaAs/GaAsPBi core–shell nanowires (NWs) synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The structure presents advantageous optical properties, in particular, for near- and mid-infrared optical applications. Scanning electron microscopy shows that although the stems of GaAs/GaAsP and GaAs/GaAsBi core–shell NWs preserve the hexagonal prism shape, the GaAs/GaAsPBi core–shell NWs develop a quasi-three-fold orientational symmetry affected by the hexagonal prismatic core. Detailed structural analyses of a GaAs/GaAsPBi core–shell stem show that it crystallized with zincblende structure with a nominal shell composition of GaAs0.617P0.362Bi0.021. Photoluminescence of GaAs/GaAsPBi core–shell NWs shows the luminescent peak at 1.02 eV with high internal quantum efficiency at room temperature (IQERT ∼ 6%) superior to those of MBE-grown GaAs core NWs and GaAsPBi multiple quantum wells earlier reported. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy performed on the GaAs/GaAsPBi core–shell NWs yields an estimated bandgap different from the optically measured value. We attribute this discrepancy to the NW compositional fluctuations that also may explain the high IQERT.
Near-term quantum algorithms for linear systems of equations with regression loss functions
Authors: Huang Hsin-Yuan , Bharti Kishor , Rebentrost Patrick
Published: November 2021

Solving linear systems of equations is essential for many problems in science and technology, including problems in machine learning. Existing quantum algorithms have demonstrated the potential for large speedups, but the required quantum resources are not immediately available on near-term quantum devices. In this work, we study near-term quantum algorithms for linear systems of equations, with a focus on the two-norm and Tikhonov regression settings. We investigate the use of variational algorithms and analyze their optimization landscapes. There exist types of linear systems for which variational algorithms designed to avoid barren plateaus, such as properly-initialized imaginary time evolution and adiabatic-inspired optimization, suffer from a different plateau problem. To circumvent this issue, we design near-term algorithms based on a core idea: the classical combination of variational quantum states (CQS). We exhibit several provable guarantees for these algorithms, supported by the representation of the linear system on a so-called ansatz tree. The CQS approach and the ansatz tree also admit the systematic application of heuristic approaches, including a gradient-based search. We have conducted numerical experiments solving linear systems as large as 2300 × 2300 by considering cases where we can simulate the quantum algorithm efficiently on a classical computer. Our methods may provide benefits for solving linear systems within the reach of near-term quantum devices.
Effects of time on the evolution of a wave packet in the tunneling dynamics
Authors: Jia Lijuan , Xu Long , Zhang Peng , Fu Libin
Published: November 2021

We investigate the time-dependent electron wave packet in a one-dimensional geometry with the potential bent by a homogeneous external field. Based on the behaviors of the wave packet over time, we observe a crossover time. After this crossover time, the temporal evolution of the wave packet comes into a new regime, where the wave packet evolves in a self-similar structure. To establish the time scale of this crossover quantitatively, we utilize the Loschmidt echo function, through which the time at which the crossover occurs can be extracted. We also find the time of the maximum ionization velocity can be comparable with the semi-classical tunneling delay time.
Generalized-hydrodynamic approach to inhomogeneous quenches: correlations, entanglement and quantum effects
Authors: Alba Vincenzo , Bertini Bruno , Fagotti Maurizio , Piroli Lorenzo , Ruggiero Paola
Published: November 2021

We give a pedagogical introduction to the generalized hydrodynamic approach to inhomogeneous quenches in integrable many-body quantum systems. We review recent applications of the theory, focusing in particular on two classes of problems: bipartitioning protocols and trap quenches, which represent two prototypical examples of broken translational symmetry in either the system initial state or post-quench Hamiltonian. We report on exact results that have been obtained for generic time-dependent correlation functions and entanglement evolution, and discuss in detail the range of applicability of the theory. Finally, we present some open questions and suggest perspectives on possible future directions.
Passive Ultra High Frequency RFID sensor with reference tag for crack detection of aluminum alloy structure
Authors: Wang P. , Dong L. , Wang H. , Li G. , Xie X.
Published: November 2021

It can be ensured safe and reliable operation of a metallic
structure by monitoring the positions which are easy to
crack. Because the channel changes with the environment, a tag
sensor in the ultra high frequency (UHF) is vulnerable to
interference. This paper aims to investigate the reliability of
passive RFID sensor systems with a reference tag for crack detection
of aluminum alloy structures when the condition of reading distance
and surrounding environment changes. The impedance and gain of tags
are simulated, which provides theoretical basis for experimental
analysis. With an increase of crack depth, the impedance of the
sensor tag shifts to the low frequency direction, and the reference
tag changes slightly. When dual tags are placed orthogonally, the
gain of the sensor tag changes greatly, which means that it is more
sensitive to crack depth. The backscatter power of the sensor tag
shows a decline trend, and the power of the reference tag remains
unchanged. The sensor features a linear response with the variation
of crack depth. The sensitivity of crack characterization is better
when dual tags are placed orthogonally.
Impacts of supply-side climate change mitigation practices and trade policy regimes under dietary transition: the case of European agriculture
Authors: Clora Francesco , Yu Wusheng , Baudry Gino , Costa Luís
Published: November 2021

The European Union’s Green Deal proposal and Farm to Fork strategy call for both demand and supply measures to reduce emissions from the food system. While research clearly illustrates the importance of dietary transitions, impacts of potential supply-side measures are not well understood in relation to competitiveness concerns and leakage effects. This study assesses trade and GHG emission impacts of two supply-side mitigation strategies (intensification vs. extensification) in the EU, UK and Switzerland (EU + 2), against a 2050 baseline featuring healthy/sustainable diets adopted by European consumers. To capture potential leakage effects arising from changing external trade flows, the two supply-side strategies are assessed against three trade policy regimes (i.e. status quo, regional trade liberalization with and without border carbon adjustment), resulting in six scenarios formulated with detailed inputs from the EUCalc model and other literature and simulated with a purported-designed CGE model. Results show that intensification, while improving the EU + 2’s external trade balance, does not reduce emissions in the EU + 2, compared to the baseline. In contrast, extensification leads to a substantial emission abatement that augments reductions from the assumed dietary transition in the baseline, resulting in a combined 31% agricultural emission reduction in EU + 2 during 2014–2050. However, this is at the expense of reduced net agrifood exports by US$25 billion compared to the baseline and significant carbon leakage at a rate of 48% (i.e. nearly half of agricultural emission reduction in the EU + 2 ‘leaked’ to elsewhere). Furthermore, implementing the EU + 2’s prospective regional trade agreements results in increased territorial emissions. Although a border carbon adjustment by the EU + 2 can improve its trade balance and partially shift mitigation burdens to other countries, the associated reductions in global emissions (and carbon leakage) would be marginal. Finally, different trade and emission effects are identified between the crop and livestock sectors, pointing to the desirability of a mixed agriculture system with intensified livestock sector and extensified crop agriculture in the EU + 2 that balances emission reduction goals and competitiveness concerns.
Understanding and modelling wildfire regimes: an ecological perspective
Authors: Harrison Sandy P , Prentice I Colin , Bloomfield Keith J , Dong Ning , Forkel Matthias , Forrest Matthew , Ningthoujam Ramesh K , Pellegrini Adam , Shen Yicheng , Baudena Mara , Cardoso Anabelle W , Huss Jessica C , Joshi Jaideep , Oliveras Imma , Pausas Juli G , Simpson Kimberley J
Published: November 2021

Recent extreme wildfire seasons in several regions have been associated with exceptionally hot, dry conditions, made more probable by climate change. Much research has focused on extreme fire weather and its drivers, but natural wildfire regimes—and their interactions with human activities—are far from being comprehensively understood. There is a lack of clarity about the ‘causes’ of wildfire, and about how ecosystems could be managed for the co-existence of wildfire and people. We present evidence supporting an ecosystem-centred framework for improved understanding and modelling of wildfire. Wildfire has a long geological history and is a pervasive natural process in contemporary plant communities. In some biomes, wildfire would be more frequent without human settlement; in others they would be unchanged or less frequent. A world without fire would have greater forest cover, especially in present-day savannas. Many species would be missing, because fire regimes have co-evolved with plant traits that resist, adapt to or promote wildfire. Certain plant traits are favoured by different fire frequencies, and may be missing in ecosystems that are normally fire-free. For example, post-fire resprouting is more common among woody plants in high-frequency fire regimes than where fire is infrequent. The impact of habitat fragmentation on wildfire crucially depends on whether the ecosystem is fire-adapted. In normally fire-free ecosystems, fragmentation facilitates wildfire starts and is detrimental to biodiversity. In fire-adapted ecosystems, fragmentation inhibits fires from spreading and fire suppression is detrimental to biodiversity. This interpretation explains observed, counterintuitive patterns of spatial correlation between wildfire and potential ignition sources. Lightning correlates positively with burnt area only in open ecosystems with frequent fire. Human population correlates positively with burnt area only in densely forested regions. Models for vegetation-fire interactions must be informed by insights from fire ecology to make credible future projections in a changing climate.
Breaking of Huygens–Fresnel principle in inhomogeneous Tomonaga–Luttinger liquids
Authors: Gluza Marek , Moosavi Per , Sotiriadis Spyros
Published: November 2021

Tomonaga–Luttinger liquids (TLLs) can be used to effectively describe one-dimensional quantum many-body systems such as ultracold atoms, charges in nanowires, superconducting circuits, and gapless spin chains. Their properties are given by two parameters, the propagation velocity and the Luttinger parameter. Here we study inhomogeneous TLLs where these are promoted to functions of position and demonstrate that they profoundly affect the dynamics: in general, besides curving the light cone, we show that propagation is no longer ballistically localized to the light-cone trajectories, different from standard homogeneous TLLs. Specifically, if the Luttinger parameter depends on position, the dynamics features pronounced spreading into the light cone, which cannot be understood via a simple superposition of waves as in the Huygens–Fresnel principle. This is the case for ultracold atoms in a parabolic trap, which serves as our main motivation, and we discuss possible experimental observations in such systems.
Spectra, eigenstates and transport properties of a

PT

-symmetric ring
Authors: Ortega Adrian , Benet Luis , Larralde Hernán
Published: November 2021

We study, analytically and numerically, a simple

P
T

-symmetric tight-binding ring with an onsite energy a at the gain and loss sites. We show that if a ≠ 0, the system generically exhibits an unbroken

P
T

-symmetric phase. We study the nature of the spectrum in terms of the singularities in the complex parameter space as well as the behavior of the eigenstates at large values of the gain and loss strength. We find that in addition to the usual exceptional points (EPs), there are ‘diabolical points’, and inverse EPs at which complex eigenvalues reconvert into real eigenvalues. We also study the transport through the system. We calculate the total flux from the source to the drain, and how it splits along the branches of the ring. We find that while usually the density flows from the source to the drain, for certain eigenstates a stationary ‘backflow’ of density from the drain to the source along one of the branches can occur. We also identify two types of singular eigenstates, i.e. states that do not depend on the strength of the gain and loss, and classify them in terms of their transport properties.
Fisheries management policy in Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone area
Authors: Pramoda R , Indahyanti B V , Shafitri N , Zulham A , Koeshendrajana S , Yuliaty C , Kurniasari N , Kurniawan T , Muawanah U , Hafsaridewi R , Rosyidah L , Kuncoro H S
Published: November 2021

The existing fisheries management within the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is based upon several regulations derived from international conventions, national regulations, as well as conventions mutually agreed by Regional Fisheries Management Organizations members, which is intended to ensure that fish resources in the EEZ area can be managed optimally and sustainably. The sole purpose of this qualitative research is to examine national and international policies that regulate fisheries management in the Indonesian EEZ waters. The analysis was carried out qualitatively with a normative juridical approach and then descriptively elaborated. The results showed that the national regulations issued by the government has already referred to the UNCLOS 1982 and WCPFC Conventions, but the implementation has been far from optimal due to the heaps of regulatory references. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that the government set its policies on setting up appropriate regulations and simplifying all national regulations governing fisheries management in the Indonesian EEZ into a single regulation. It is meant to avoid overlapping arrangements and facilitate a much better implementation.
The impacts of climate change on plankton as live food: A review
Authors: Azani N , Ghaffar M A , Suhaimi H , Azra M N , Hassan M M , Jung L H , Rasdi N W
Published: November 2021

Climate change is expected to warm up the ocean surface where majority of life inhabits. Ocean warming influences vertical mixing and stratification patterns, which alter nutrient cycle, plankton production, and aquatic food web. Plankton serves as the first food source for all larval organisms and the base of aquatic ecosystem. Zooplankton community is a crucial component of the aquatic food web. They are critical components in an ecosystem of aquatic and worldwide biogeochemical cycles. Zooplankton contributes as food source to economically valuable fishes, primary-production grazers, and carbon and nutrient cycle drivers. Climate change contributes to dire consequences by altering the baseline of aquatic food web structure. However, the ocean biota itself can influence climate change, and the implications of this are evident from the increase and decrease of wild fisheries production. This review highlights the effect of climate change on phytoplankton and zooplankton production.
Isolation of sea cucumbers’s (Holothuria atra) secondary metabolite using column-chromatography technique
Authors: Agustina S , Bella S , Karina S , Irwan I , Ulfah M
Published: November 2021

Identification of sea cucumbers from Benteng Inong Balee, Aceh Besar and their phytochemistry screening were conducted in December 2020 to January 2021 at Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Fisheries Biotechnology, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The purpose of this study was to identify the species of sea cucumbers and its secondary metabolite content using phytochemistry screening and column chromatography. The species of sea cucumbers that were identified was Holothuria atra. The extraction method used in sea cucumber extraction was maceration method, while the separation of secondary metabolites used column-chromatography with eluent of n-hexane : ethyl acetate (8:4). The results showed that secondary metabolites obtained from phytochemical tests were flavonoids, saponins and triterpenoids.
Vulnerability analysis of capture fisheries to climate change based on the Province Scale (exposure and sensitivity analysis)
Authors: Mandhalika V , Sambah A B , Sutjipto D O , Iranawati F , Fuad M A Z , Intyas C A , Rochman F
Published: November 2021

Fisheries has a major contribution for the Indonesian economy both on a local and national scale. However, the phenomenon of climate change can threaten the sustainability of this sector. Therefore, a scientific approach is needed to determine the level of risk and adaptation strategies for fisheries, one of which is through vulnerability analysis. Vulnerability is the final analysis resulted from the analysis of sensitivity and exposure. Both of these analyses are important to determine the parameters that will affect the value of the fishery vulnerability to climate change. This research is focused on sensitivity and exposure analysis with the coverage limit is the province area to determine the sensitivity and exposure index that exists in the study area. The result will be important input in further research for the vulnerability of capture fisheries to climate change. Three provinces in Indonesia were selected through purposive sampling method. The source of data for indices variables were using recorded data in 2009-2020 from relevant sources. Result described that SST variability in the three provinces has the same pattern. In the exposure analysis, the SST is linked to the catch resulting in different exposure statuses in each province. It also illustrated those areas with a very high number of fishermen and catches will have very high sensitivity. The research will support in the sustainable management of capture fish at the province scale.
The Profile of Amino Acids in Sea Horse ((Hippocampus sp)
Authors: Muhammadar A A , Nur Z , Perdana A W , Nasir M , Putra D F , Karina S. , Junaidi A , Asmawati
Published: November 2021

Seahorse (Hippocampus sp.) is a marine fisheries commodity that has high economic and nutritional values. The aims of study were to determine the proximate composition and the profile of the amino acids content in seahorses. The method used refers to the AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemistry) for proximate analysis and a GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) for the amino acid analysis. This research was done in March 2021. The sea horses were carried out from Simeulue waters, Simeulue district, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Samples were divided into 2 sizes, small size (3.00-5.00 cm) and large size ((5.01-10.00 cm). The analysis was done at laboratorium of Syiah Kuala University. The results of the study was found that the proximate content of the seahorse was water content (6.29%), ash content (25.43%), fat content (0.57%), protein content (39.32%) and carbohydrates ( 28.48%). The amino acid composition of large seahorses and small seahorses consists of four types of essential amino acids, namely leucine, isoleucine, histidine and valine, and six types of non-essential amino acids, namely alanine, glycine, aspartic acid, asparagine, arginine and serine.