bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S-duality in $$ T\overline{T} $$-deformed CFT
Authors: Benjamin Nathan , Collier Scott , Kruthoff Jorrit , Verlinde Herman , Zhang Mengyang
Published: May 2023

Abstract

$$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformed conformal field theories can be reformulated as worldsheet theories of non-critical strings. We use this correspondence to compute and study the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformed partition sum of a symmetric product CFT. We find that it takes the form of a partition sum of a second quantized string theory with a worldsheet given by the product of the seed CFT and a gaussian sigma model with the two-torus as target space. We show that deformed symmetric product theory admits a natural UV completion that exhibits a strong weak coupling ℤ2 duality that interchanges the momentum and winding numbers and maps the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-coupling λ to its inverse 1/λ. The ℤ2 duality is part of a full O(2, 2, ℤ)-duality group that includes a PSL(2, ℤ) acting on the complexified $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

coupling. The duality symmetry eliminates the appearance of complex energies at strong coupling for all seed CFTs with central charge c ≤ 6.
Worldsheet traversable wormholes
Authors: de Boer Jan , Jahnke Viktor , Kim Keun-Young , Pedraza Juan F.
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We construct worldsheet traversable wormholes by considering the effects of a double-trace deformation, $$ \delta \mathcal{L}\sim h\partial {\phi}_L\partial {\phi}_R $$
δ
L
∼
h
∂

ϕ
L

∂

ϕ
R

, coupling the endpoints of an open string in AdS space. The operator deforming the theory is irrelevant and makes the boundaries bend inward toward the IR. This effect, reminiscent of two-dimensional dilaton gravities, renders the teleportation protocol more efficient and facilitates the transfer of information between the members of the dual Bell pair. We compare our results with those obtained with the standard double-trace deformation, $$ \delta \mathcal{L}\sim h{\phi}_L{\phi}_R $$
δ
L
∼
h

ϕ
L

ϕ
R

, introduced by Gao, Jafferis and Wall.
Cosmic bounce and phantom-like equation of state from tunnelling
Authors: Alexandre Jean , Pla Silvia
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We allow a scalar field on a flat FLRW background metric to tunnel between two degenerate vacua. The resulting true vacuum state then violates the Null Energy Condition, and the corresponding homogeneous fluid induces a bounce, after which it has a phantom-like equation of state and asymptotically leads to a de Sitter phase. The mechanism presented here requires no exotic matter or modified gravity, it is purely generated by quantum fluctuations and is valid for a generic double well potential.
Isotopic ecology of Hawaiian green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) and reliability of δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S analyses of unprocessed bone samples for dietary studies
Authors: Velasquez-Vacca Adriana , Seminoff Jeffrey A. , Jones T. Todd , Balazs George H. , Cardona Luis
Published: May 2023

This study conducted stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S) on the epidermis and two skeletal elements (rib and squamosal bones) of Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and putative diet items obtained from two neritic sites: the Kona/Kohala coast and Oahu. Turtle tissues were collected in 2018–2020 and diet samples in 2018, 2019, and 2021. The effect of body size and sampling locality on individual bulk tissue isotope values was evaluated, and stable isotope mixing models based on δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S values from those tissues and four groups of food sources were used to reconstruct diet histories of the turtles. Mixing models indicated that green turtles along the Kona/Kohala coast consumed an omnivorous diet, whereas those from Oahu had an herbivorous diet. These diet make-ups are consistent with published gut content analyses. However, mixing models using the stable isotope ratios in rib and squamosal bone failed to yield reasonable diet histories, probably due to inadequacies of the applied trophic discrimination factor (TDF), a key model parameter. These results further establish that stable isotope ratios in the epidermis can be used effectively to study green turtle diet, but also reveal that more validation—and establishment of appropriate TDFs—is needed before bone can be used reliably to assess green turtle diet.
Joint predictability of physical frailty/pre-frailty and subjective memory complaints on mortality risk among cognitively unimpaired older adults
Authors: Li Chia-Lin , Stanaway Fiona F. , Chang Hsing-Yi , Chen Min-Chi , Tsai Yu-Hsuan
Published: May 2023

The aim of the present study was to investigate how frailty/pre-frailty in combination with subjective memory complaints predicts all-cause mortality in community dwelling cognitively unimpaired older adults. There were 1904 community-dwelling cognitively unimpaired persons aged 65 years or older who participated in the 2013 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey with a 5-year follow-up. Frailty was determined based on the fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness, and loss of weight (FRAIL) scale. Two questions (“Do you have difficulties with your memory or attention?” and “Do you have difficulties with your memory only or attention only or both?”) were used to screen for subjective memory complaints (SMC). In this study, 11.9% of participants had both frailty/pre-frailty and SMC. A total of 239 deaths were recorded after 9009.5 person-years of follow-up. After adjustment for other factors, compared with participants who were physically robust with no SMC, participants who reported either SMC alone (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.60–1.27) or were frail/pre-frail alone (HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.90–1.92) had no significantly increased mortality risk. However, coexisting frailty/pre-frailty and SMC was associated with a significantly increased hazard ratio for mortality of 1.48 (95% CI = [1.02–2.16]). Our results highlight the high prevalence of co-occurring frailty/pre-frailty and SMC and that this co-occurrence is associated with an increased risk of mortality among cognitively unimpaired older adults.
Healthcare Access for a Diverse Population with Schizophrenia Following the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Horvitz-Lennon Marcela , Leckman-Westin Emily , Finnerty Molly , Jeong Junghye , Tsuei Jeannette , Zelevinsky Katya , Chen Qingxian , Normand Sharon-Lise T.
Published: May 2023

COVID-19 has had a disproportionate impact on the most disadvantaged members of society, including minorities and those with disabling chronic illnesses such as schizophrenia. We examined the pandemic’s impacts among New York State’s Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia in the immediate post-pandemic surge period, with a focus on equity of access to critical healthcare. We compared changes in utilization of key behavioral health outpatient services and inpatient services for life-threatening conditions between the pre-pandemic and surge periods for White and non-White beneficiaries. We found racial and ethnic differences across all outcomes, with most differences stable over time. The exception was pneumonia admissions—while no differences existed in the pre-pandemic period, Black and Latinx beneficiaries were less likely than Whites to be hospitalized in the surge period despite minorities’ heavier COVID-19 disease burden. The emergence of racial and ethnic differences in access to scarce life-preserving healthcare may hold lessons for future crises.
Gendered Differences in Experiences of Bullying and Mental Health Among Transgender and Cisgender Youth
Authors: Sares-Jäske Laura , Czimbalmos Mercedesz , Majlander Satu , Siukola Reetta , Klemetti Reija , Luopa Pauliina , Lehtonen Jukka
Published: May 2023

Even though previous studies have shown that transgender youth have poorer mental health and more experiences of being bullied than their cisgender counterparts, and that bullying associates with poorer mental health, knowledge on such associations in different gender identity groups is scarce. This study investigated how mental health problems and experiences of being bullied appear across different gender identity groups, and how bullying is associated with mental health among the groups in question. Data from the Finnish School Health Promotion 2021 study (n = 152,880, mean age 16.2 years (standard deviation 1.22)) was used and categorized into four gender identity groups: cisgender girls (n = 76,521), cisgender boys (n = 69,735), transfeminine youth (n = 1317), and transmasculine youth (n = 5307). Transgender youth experienced more bullying and reported poorer mental health than cisgender youth. While transfeminine youth faced the most bullying, transmasculine youth had the most mental health symptoms. In each group, bullying associated with poorer mental health. Compared to cisgender boys without bullying experiences, odds of poorer mental health were dozens-fold among transmasculine youth with weekly bullying experiences. In addition, compared to cisgender boys with bullying experiences, odds of poorer mental health were greater among all other gender identity groups with bullying experiences, and among transmasculine youth in particular (e.g., odds ratio of generalized anxiety = 8.36 (95% confidence interval, 6.59–10.6)). Bullying is associated with poorer mental health in all youth, but transgender youth, and especially transmasculine youth, may be in an even more vulnerable position for its implications. This suggests that there is a need for improving effective measures to decrease bullying in schools and to improve wellbeing of transgender youth.
Evaluation of Administrative Data for Identifying Maternal Opioid Use at Delivery in Florida
Authors: Elmore Amanda L. , Salemi Jason L. , Kirby Russell S. , Sappenfield William M. , Lowry Joseph , Dixon Ashley , Lake-Burger Heather , Tanner Jean Paul
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Studies have shown significant increases in the prevalence of maternal opioid use. Most prevalence estimates are based on unverified ICD-10-CM diagnoses. This study determined the accuracy of ICD-10-CM opioid-related diagnosis codes documented during delivery and examined potential associations between maternal/hospital characteristics and diagnosis with an opioid-related code.

Methods

To identify people with prenatal opioid use, we identified a sample of infants born during 2017–2018 in Florida with a NAS related diagnosis code (P96.1) and confirmatory NAS characteristics (N = 460). Delivery records were scanned for opioid-related diagnoses and prenatal opioid use was confirmed through record review. The accuracy of each opioid-related code was measured using positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity. Modified Poisson regression was used to calculate adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

We found the PPV was nearly 100% for all ICD-10-CM opioid-related codes (98.5–100%) and the sensitivity was 65.9%. Non-Hispanic Black mothers were 1.8 times more likely than non-Hispanic white mothers to have a missed opioid-related diagnosis at delivery (aRR:1.80, CI 1.14–2.84). Mothers who delivered at a teaching status hospital were less likely to have a missed opioid-related diagnosis (p < 0.05).

Conclusions for Practice

We observed high accuracy of maternal opioid-related diagnosis codes at delivery. However, our findings suggest that over 30% of mothers with opioid use may not be diagnosed with an opioid-related code at delivery, although their infant had a confirmed NAS diagnosis. This study provides information on the utility and accuracy of ICD-10-CM opioid-related codes at delivery among mothers of infants with NAS.
Physico-chemical and Textural Properties of 3D Printed Plant-based and Hybrid Soft Meat Analogs
Authors: Wang Tianxiao , Kaur Lovedeep , Beniwal Akashdeep Singh , Furuhata Yasufumi , Aoyama Hiroaki , Singh Jaspreet
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the physico-chemical and textural properties of 3D-printed pea protein-only and pea protein-chicken-based hybrid meat analogs. Both pea protein isolate (PPI)-only and hybrid cooked meat analogs had a similar moisture content of approximately 70%, which was similar to that of chicken mince. However, the protein content increased significantly with the amount of chicken in the hybrid paste undergoing 3D printing and cooking. Significant differences were observed in the hardness values of the non-printed cooked pastes and the 3D printed cooked counterparts, suggesting that the 3D printing process reduces the hardness of the samples and is a suitable method to produce a soft meal, and has significant potential in elderly health care. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that adding chicken to the plant protein matrix led to better fiber formation. PPI itself was not able to form any fibers merely by 3D printing and cooking in boiling water. Protein-protein interactions were also studied through the protein solubility test, which indicated that hydrogen bonding was the major bonding that contributed to the structure formation in cooked printed meat analogs. In addition, disulfide bonding was correlated with improved fibrous structures, as observed through SEM.
John Mearsheimer’s academic roots: a reference publication year spectroscopy of a political scientist’s oeuvre
Authors: Gruber Anton , Tekles Alexander , Bornmann Lutz
Published: May 2023

John J. Mearsheimer is one of the most renowned theorists of International Relations and is often regarded as one of the primary representatives of the theoretical school of neorealism. To be able to understand and classify his positions, it is necessary to investigate his (theoretical) backgrounds and academic roots. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to analyze the roots of this political scientist with the help of the method Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS)—a specific kind of cited reference analysis—using the program CitedReferenceExplorer (CRExplorer). In the statistical analyses, we compiled a list of the most cited works by Mearsheimer and conducted an analysis of temporal peaks in these works. The dataset used for the analyses was taken from the Web of Science database (WoS, Clarivate): 59 publications with 2061 non-distinct cited references. The list of the 16 most frequently cited references in the publication set shows various texts and authors that seem to be important for Mearsheimer’s academic work. Thematic focuses of cited publications as well as the type of publication indicate that the scientist’s respective works and texts are embedded in the corresponding publication periods. The analysis of the peaks in the referenced publication years illustrates the following: On the one hand, the publication years in which Mearsheimer derived his fundamental theory of International Relations can be inferred. On the other hand, later years show his subsequent thematic focuses and his preoccupation with current events and conflicts.
Portraying the life cycle of ideas in social psychology through functional (textual) data analysis: a toolkit for digital history
Authors: Rizzoli Valentina , Trevisani Matilde , Tuzzi Arjuna
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a method for the digital history of a discipline (social psychology in this application) through the analysis of scientific publications. The titles of a comprehensive set of papers published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1965–2021) were collected, yielding a total of 10,222 items. The corpus thus constructed underwent several stages of preprocessing until the final conversion into a terms x time-points matrix, where terms are stemmed words and multi-words. After normalizing frequencies via a chi square-like transformation, clusters of words portraying similar temporal patterns were identified by functional (textual) data analysis and distance-based curve clustering. Among the best candidates in terms of the number of clusters, the solutions with six, nine and thirteen clusters (from lower to higher resolution) have been chosen and the nesting relationship demonstrated. They reveal—at different levels of granularity—increasing, decreasing, and stable keywords trends, highlighting methods, theories, and application domains that have become more popular in recent years, lost popularity, or have remained in common use. Moreover, this method allows to highlight historical issues (such as crises in the discipline or debates over the use of terms). The results highlight the core topics of social psychology in the past and today, underlying the crucial contribution of this method for the digital history of a discipline.
A fast look-up method for Bayesian mean-parameterised Conway–Maxwell–Poisson regression models
Authors: Philipson Pete , Huang Alan
Published: May 2023

Count data that are subject to both under and overdispersion at some hierarchical level cannot be readily accommodated by classic models such as Poisson or negative binomial regression models. The mean-parameterised Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution allows for both types of dispersion within the same model, but is doubly intractable with an embedded normalising constant. We propose a look-up method where pre-computing values of the rate parameter dramatically reduces computing times and renders the proposed model a practicable alternative when faced with such bidispersed data. The approach is demonstrated and verified using a simulation study and applied to three datasets: an underdispersed small dataset on takeover bids, a medium dataset on yellow cards issued by referees in the English Premier League prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic, and a large Test match cricket bowling dataset, the latter two of which each exhibit over and underdispersion at the individual level.
Interactive mold design for paediatric lower airway manikin manufacturing: a feasibility study
Authors: Puggelli Luca , Furferi Rocco , Volpe Yary
Published: May 2023

According to previous research, shore 40 A casting silicone is currently one of the more suitable materials for simulating the physical behavior of the airways in medicine simulation. This is essential to attain high-fidelity manikins that can perfectly mimic the simulated anatomic region, not just geometrically, but also in terms of haptic feedback. Due to the geometrical complexity of the tracheo-bronchial tree, mold design is a difficult and time-consuming process. An interactive modeling procedure for modeling mold parts for tracheo-bronchial tree casting is proposed in this paper, with the purpose of reducing modeling time without compromising quality. Following the definition of a standard modeling procedure, this was implemented in the Matlab language by using an IGES and STL editing toolbox. By using the interactive procedure it is possible to reduce the time required for virtual modeling from several hours to less than 1 min. Given this preliminary result, the proposed procedure will be further tested and developed in the near future, with the possibility of automating other lower airway modeling steps, such as vent generation and mounting holes/pins.
The eigenvalue problem for Kirchhoff-type operators in Musielak–Orlicz spaces
Authors: Méndez Osvaldo
Published: May 2023

Given a Musielak–Orlicz function$$\varphi (x,s):\Omega \times [0,\infty )\rightarrow {\mathbb R}$$φ(x,s):Ω×[0,∞)→Ron a bounded regular domain$$\Omega \subset {\mathbb R}^n$$Ω⊂Rnand a continuous function$$M:[0,\infty )\rightarrow (0,\infty )$$M:[0,∞)→(0,∞), we show that the eigenvalue problem for the elliptic Kirchhoff’s equation$$-M\left( \int \limits _{\Omega }\varphi (x,|\nabla u(x)|)\textrm{d}x\right) \text {div}\left( \frac{\partial \varphi }{\partial s}(x,|\nabla u(x)|)\frac{\nabla u(x)}{|\nabla u(x)|}\right) =\lambda \frac{\partial \varphi }{\partial s}(x,|u(x)|)\frac{u(x)}{|u(x)|} $$-M∫Ωφ(x,|∇u(x)|)dxdiv∂φ∂s(x,|∇u(x)|)∇u(x)|∇u(x)|=λ∂φ∂s(x,|u(x)|)u(x)|u(x)|has infinitely many solutions in the Sobolev space$$W_0^{1,\varphi }(\Omega )$$W01,φ(Ω). No conditions on$$\varphi $$φare required beyond those that guarantee the compactness of the Sobolev embedding theorem.
Entangled Domains
Authors: Akande Rabiat
Published: May 2023

Set in Colonial Northern Nigeria, this book confronts a paradox: the state insisted on its separation from religion even as it governed its multireligious population through what remained of the precolonial caliphate. Entangled Domains grapple with this history to offer a provocative account of secularism as a contested yet contingent mode of governing religion and religious difference. Drawing on detailed archival research, Rabiat Akande vividly illustrates constitutional struggles triggered by the colonial state's governance of religion and interrogates the legacy of that governance agenda in the postcolonial state. This book is a novel commentary on the dynamic interplay between law, faith, identity, and power in the context of the modern state's emergence from colonial processes.
Rights Talk and Constitutional Emotivism
Authors: Loehndorf Alexander
Published: May 2023

This paper builds on the work of several exceptional scholars from the disciplines of philosophy, law, and history. My central aim is to introduce and explicate an idea closely related to (and derivative of) the concept of rights talk, a concept I call ‘constitutional emotivism’. By drawing upon scholars including Mary Ann Glendon, Jamal Greene, A.J. Ayer, and Alasdair MacIntyre, I aim to gather the conceptual threads that I trace through their work which together form the idea of constitutional emotivism. In a sentence, constitutional emotivism is the conflation of moral disagreements with constitutional rights grievances. When this conflation occurs, rights conflicts that never needed to occur in the first place reinforce rights talk and its uncompromising nature.
False Beliefs and Attitude Are Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Brannen Donald E. , Howell Melissa , Zindani Faryaal , Halderman Allyson
Published: May 2023

As of October 2021, Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) volunteers donated over 2 million h to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Health Belief Model (HBM) is used to understand the value a person places on preventative behavior against the risk of disease. A mixed method, unmatched, prospective case-control study was conducted regarding volunteers’ experience during the pandemic, reasons why these highly trained persons volunteer, what barriers to vaccination they observed, and how they helped others overcome those barriers. The HBM can elucidate the cognitive process to vaccinate. Regression analysis found a person’s attitude (which includes beliefs, peer pressure, preconceptions, unwillingness, and other indicators) is a barrier to vaccination. Service hours increased from 20 to 56 h among volunteers who saw attitude as a barrier to vaccination. Superstition and fear accounted for 99.8% of unvaccinated persons (P < 0.001). Fear was a barrier to protective health behavior. The public health system must do better to build trust as an ongoing endeavor, as even the increased service volunteers provided in response to the observed attitudes, was not enough to stem exponential transmission once the pandemic had begun. Policy-makers and the public health authority should take all necessary steps early in the pandemic to ensure the effectiveness of the vaccination program.
Resolvent analysis of a finite wing in transonic flow
Authors: Houtman Jelle , Timme Sebastian , Sharma Ati
Published: May 2023

Shock waves interacting with turbulent boundary layers on wings can result first in self-sustained flow unsteadiness and eventually in structural vibration. Due to its importance to modern wing design and aircraft certification, the transonic flow physics continue to be investigated intensively. Herein we focus the discussion on three main aspects. First, we assess a practical implementation of an iterative resolvent algorithm in the linear harmonic incarnation of an industrial computational fluid dynamics code for computing optimal forcing and response modes. This heavily relies on the efficient solution of large sparse linear systems of equations. Second, we showcase its application as a predictive tool to detect transonic buffet flow unsteadiness, well before a global stability analysis can first identify its dynamics through weakly damped eigenmodes, using the NASA common research model at wind-tunnel conditions. Third, we discuss its ability to uncover modal physics, not identifiable through global stability analysis, revealing higher-frequency wake and wingtip vortex modes while shedding some light on the elusive finite wing equivalent of the aerofoil buffet mode. We demonstrate that earlier computational limitations of resolvent analysis, when solving the truncated singular value decomposition using matrix-forming methods with direct matrix factorisation, have been overcome ready for industrial use.
Low carrier volume herbicide trials and UAAS support management efforts of giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta): a case study
Authors: Howell Andrew W. , Haug Erika J. , Everman Wesley J. , Leon Ramon G. , Richardson Robert J.
Published: May 2023

Expanding the current aquatic herbicide portfolio, reducing total spray volumes, or remotely delivering herbicide using novel spray technologies could improve management opportunities targeting invasive aquatic plants, where options are more limited. However, research on giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) response to foliar herbicide applications at carrier volumes ≤140 L ha−1 is incomplete. Likewise, no data exist documenting S. molesta control with unoccupied aerial application systems (UAAS). Following the recent >100-ha incursion of S. molesta in Gapway Swamp, NC, a case study was developed to provide guidance for ongoing management efforts. In total, three field trials evaluated registered aquatic and experimental herbicides using a 140 L ha−1 carrier volume. Select foliar applications from UAAS were also evaluated. Results at 8 wk after treatment (WAT) indicated the experimental protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, PPO-699-01 (424 g ai ha−1), in combination with endothall dipotassium salt (2,370 g ae ha−1) provided 78% visual control, whereas control when PPO-699-01 (212 g ai ha−1) was applied alone was lower at 35%. Evaluations also showed diquat (3,136 g ai ha−1) alone, glyphosate (4,539 g ae ha−1) alone, and metsulfuron-methyl (42 g ai ha−1) alone achieved 86% to 94% visual plant control at 8 WAT. Sequential foliar applications of diquat, flumioxazin (210 g ai ha−1), and carfentrazone (67 g ai ha−1) at 6 wk following exposure to in-water fluridone treatments were no longer efficacious by 6 WAT due to plant regrowth. Carfentrazone applications made from a backpack sprayer displayed greater control than applications made with UAAS deploying identical carrier volumes at 2 WAT; however, neither application method provided effective control at 8 WAT. Additional field validation is needed to further guide management direction of S. molesta control using low carrier volume foliar applications.
Association of fructose consumption with prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders manifestations: results from Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS)
Authors: Smiliotopoulos Theodoros , Zampelas Antonis , Houliaras George , Sgouros Spiros N. , Michas George , Bamias George , Panagiotakos Demosthenes , Cholopoulos Nikolaos , Chrousos George P. , Roma Eleftheria , Magriplis Emmanuella
Published: May 2023

The study aimed to assess the total prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), and separately, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among adults and to determine their potential association with fructose consumption. Data from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey were included (3798 adults; 58·9 % females). Information regarding FGID symptomatology was assessed using self-reported physician diagnosis questionnaires the reliability of which were screened using the ROME III, in a sample of the population. Fructose intake was estimated from 24 h recalls, and the MedDiet score was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The prevalence of FGID symptomatology was 20·2 %, while 8·2 % had IBS (representing 40·2 % of total FGID). The likelihood of FGID was 28 % higher (95 %CI: 1·03–1·6) and of IBS 49 % (95 %CI: 1·08–2·05) in individuals with higher fructose intake than with lower intake (3rd tertile compared with 1st). When area of residence was accounted for, individuals residing in the Greek islands had a significantly lower probability of FGID and IBS compared with those residing in Mainland and the main Metropolitan areas, with Islanders also achieving a higher MedDiet score and lower added sugar intake, comparatively to inhabitants of the main metropolitan areas. FGID and IBS symptomatology was most prominent among individuals with higher fructose consumption, and this was most conspicuous in areas with a lower Mediterranean diet adherence, suggesting that the dietary source of fructose rather than total fructose should be examined in relation to FGID.
Gyrodactylus sprostonaeLing, 1962 infects an indigenous cyprinid in southern Africa: An expanded description
Authors: Maduenyane M. , Dos Santos Q.M. , Avenant-Oldewage A.
Published: May 2023

Gyrodactylus sprostonaeLing, 1962 is a highly invasive parasite reported across freshwater environments of the northern hemisphere. The taxon was originally described fromCarassius auratus(Linnaeus, 1758) andCyprinus carpioLinnaeus, 1758 in China. This parasite has never been reported in Africa or the southern hemisphere. Recently, this taxon was collected from an indigenous yellowfish,Labeobarbus aeneus(Burchell, 1822), in the Vaal River, South Africa. The present study includes the conclusive identification of the gyrodactylid parasites collected fromL. aeneus, including additional taxonomic data, using microscopy and molecular techniques. Microscopy included light microscopy (LM) of whole worms and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of isolated haptoral sclerites. Additionally, morphometric data were obtained from SEM and compared to that generated using LM. For molecular analysis, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified and phylogenetic topologies constructed. The specimens were morphometrically and genetically highly similar to other data forG. sprostonae.Additional point-to-point measurements and ITS rDNA sequences were generated for the taxon, contributing to the morphometric and molecular data forG. sprostonae.The study also includes the first study of the isolated haptoral sclerites of the taxon using SEM, with similar morphometric results to LM. This is the first record ofG. sprostonaein the southern hemisphere and from a new, indigenous African host,L. aeneus, indicating host switching to smallmouth yellowfish. Furthermore, these results expand on the knowledge of the distribution of invasive parasites in South Africa, as well asGyrodactylusspecies diversity in Africa.
The enigmatic genusLoofilaimus(Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Loofilaimidae) revisited 25 years after, with remarkable new insights into its phylogeny
Authors: Peña-Santiago R. , Abolafia J. , Hosseinvand M. , Eskandari A.
Published: May 2023

The evolutionary relationships of the nematode genusLoofilaimusare explored with an integrative approach, combining morphological and molecular (28S-rDNA) data. Never recorded since its original description in 1998, the finding of fresh specimens of its type and only species,L. phialistoma, allowed us to obtain SEM observations and sequencing, both for the first time, resulting in relevant aspects to elucidate its phylogeny. Morphologically, the genus is characterized by two autapomorphies affecting its lip region and pharynx. Molecular study revealed that it represents a very restricted evolutionary trend within Dorylaimida. The clade (Nygolaimina + (Loofilaimus+ Dorylaimina)) is well supported. Loofilaimidae is accepted as a separate and valid family, which should also includeBertzuckermania.
Subspace coverings with multiplicities
Authors: Bishnoi Anurag , Boyadzhiyska Simona , Das Shagnik , Mészáros Tamás
Published: May 2023

We study the problem of determining the minimum number
$f(n,k,d)$
of affine subspaces of codimension
$d$
that are required to cover all points of
$\mathbb{F}_2^n\setminus \{\vec{0}\}$
at least
$k$
times while covering the origin at most
$k - 1$
times. The case
$k=1$
is a classic result of Jamison, which was independently obtained by Brouwer and Schrijver for
$d = 1$
. The value of
$f(n,1,1)$
also follows from a well-known theorem of Alon and Füredi about coverings of finite grids in affine spaces over arbitrary fields. Here we determine the value of this function exactly in various ranges of the parameters. In particular, we prove that for
$k\geq 2^{n-d-1}$
we have
$f(n,k,d)=2^d k-\left\lfloor{\frac{k}{2^{n-d}}}\right\rfloor$
, while for
$n \gt 2^{2^d k-k-d+1}$
we have
$f(n,k,d)=n + 2^d k -d-2$
, and obtain asymptotic results between these two ranges. While previous work in this direction has primarily employed the polynomial method, we prove our results through more direct combinatorial and probabilistic arguments, and also exploit a connection to coding theory.
Mission Possible! Free Access to Case Law and The National Archives
Authors: Hoadley Daniel , Conroy Amy , Nemsic Editha
Published: May 2023

The National Archives launched a new service called Find Case Law in April of last year. Here Daniel Hoadley, Amy Conroy and Editha Nemsic, of Mishcon de Reya LLP, argue that while this does offer some accessibility and legibility it's perhaps not providing access to the full corpus of law that it could, or even should. Also, on a broader level, they propose that there is a case to be made for access to the law being guaranteed and publicly funded.
Research and Resources for Private Equity Lawyers
Authors: Franssen John
Published: May 2023

In this article John Franssen, Head of Research at Travers Smith LLP, gives an overview of what private equity is (including a brief glossary of some key terms), how private equity invests, the type of work lawyers in private practice are involved in and some of the key resources that they need and that are available. This article will also highlight the growing importance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and sustainability investment for private equity managers.
Validation of the Mexican version of the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death in patients undergoing palliative care in Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez-Mayoral Oscar , Galindo-Vázquez Oscar , Espinoza-Bello Marcos , Allende-Pérez Silvia , Pascual-Ramos Virginia , Monforte-Royo Cristina
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death (SAHD) has emerged as a valid and reliable tool to assess the wish to hasten death (WTHD) among patients diagnosed with advanced cancer; however, the instrument has never been culturally adapted and validated for patients in Mexico. This study sought to validate and abbreviate the SAHD tool for use among patients attending the Palliative Care Service of the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología in Mexico.

Methods

The SAHD was culturally adapted from a previously published validation in patients from Spain. Eligible patients included Spanish literate subjects treated as outpatients in the Palliative Care Service, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0–3. Patients were asked to answer the Mexican version of SAHD (SAHD-Mx) instrument and the Brief Edinburgh Depression Scale (BEDS).

Results

A total of 225 patients were included in the study. Median positive response in the SAHD-Mx was 2 (range 0–18). Positive correlation was identified between the SAHD-Mx scale and ECOG performance status (r = 0.188, p = 0.005), as well as BEDS (r = 0.567, p < 0.001). SAHD-Mx displayed strong internal consistency (alpha = 0.85) and adequate reliability from test–retest phone interviews (r = 0.567, p < 0.001). Using the confirmatory factor analysis model, a factor was identified and the number of items was reduced to 6, including items 4, 5, 9, 10, 13, and 18.

Significance of results

The SAHD-Mx emerges as an adequate tool, with appropriate psychometric characteristics, for assessing WTHD among patients diagnosed with cancer undergoing palliative care in Mexico. .
K‐Rich Adakite‐Like Rocks in Central Tibet: Fractional Crystallization of a Hydrous, Alkaline Primitive Melt
Authors: Xu Wei , Weinberg Roberto F. , Tian Shi‐Hong , Hou Zeng‐Qian , Yang Zhu‐Sen , Chen Lu , Lai Feng
Published: May 2023

K‐rich adakite‐like rocks (KARs) in post‐collisional settings, such as in Tibet, have been widely linked with the melting of pre‐existing thickened crust. Here, we investigate geochemical data of the Late Eocene (38–34 Ma) volcanic rocks including KARs from the southern Qiangtang terrane (SQT) of central Tibet. The data reveal that: (a) the volcanic rocks define a fractionation trend from high‐K alkaline basalt to high‐K calc‐alkaline rhyolite, with a continuous compositional range and (b) they are characterized by a narrow range of depleted Sr–Nd isotopic compositions relative to the pre‐Eocene SQT crust. We contend that the KARs in the SQT resulted from fractional crystallization of hydrous, alkaline melts derived from the lithospheric mantle where fractionation was dominated by amphibole and plagioclase. Partial melting of the lithospheric mantle beneath the SQT was possibly triggered by thermal perturbations owing to the north‐directed subduction of the Indian continental lithosphere beneath southern Tibet.
Upper Ocean Structure Determines the Contrasting Typhoon‐Induced Chlorophyll‐a Responses in the Northwest Pacific
Authors: Jiang Y. , Wang Y. , Tian X. , Lin S. , Chen S. , Yu J. , Chai F.
Published: May 2023

The frequent typhoons in the northwest Pacific drive oceanic responses, for example, changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a). A composite analysis shows that SST (Chl‐a) around the typhoon center decreases (increases). The SST begins to decrease 3 days before the typhoon’s arrival and further decreases until 2 days following the typhoon’s passage. The Chl‐a increases rapidly after the typhoon’s arrival, and the maximum value is reached 3 days after the typhoon. Large oceanic responses are often associated with typhoons that have high wind speeds and slow translation speeds. From the perspective of the upper ocean structure, increasing changes in SST are identified with a shallower pre‐typhoon mixed layer depth (MLD). However, a significant dependence of the Chl‐a response on the pre‐typhoon MLD emerges only when the depth of typhoon‐induced mixing is greater than the pre‐typhoon MLD. This study helps to quantitatively describe typhoon‐induced changes with consideration of the determinant oceanic environment.
Mesoscale Convective Systems Modulated by Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves
Authors: Cheng Yuan‐Ming , Dias Juliana , Kiladis George , Feng Zhe , Leung L. Ruby
Published: May 2023

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) produce over 50% of tropical precipitation and account for the majority of extreme rainfall and flooding events. MCSs are considered the building blocks of larger‐scale convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs). While CCEWs can provide favorable environments for convection, how CCEWs can systematically impact organized convection and thereby MCS characteristics is less clear. We examine this question by analyzing a global MCS tracking data set. During the active phase of CCEWs, MCS frequency increases and MCSs rain harder, produce more lifetime total rain, and grow larger in size. The probability of extreme MCSs also elevates. These changes are most pronounced when MCSs are associated with Kelvin waves and tropical depression‐type waves while less so with the Madden‐Julian Oscillation. These results can be benchmarks to improve model representation of MCS interactions with large‐scale circulations and can be leveraged for operational forecasts of high‐impact MCSs at extended lead times.
Cascadia Subduction Zone Fault Heterogeneities From Newly Detected Small Magnitude Earthquakes
Authors: Morton Emily A. , Bilek Susan L. , Rowe Charlotte A.
Published: May 2023

The Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) is known to host M9 megathrust ruptures; however, no such event has occurred in historical observation. The distribution and characteristics of small‐ to moderate‐sized earthquakes can be used to determine the behavior of the megathrust fault but are notably absent offshore the CSZ due to the distance from onshore seismometers. We use automated subspace detection coupled with an onshore‐offshore seismic deployment to find small‐magnitude earthquakes in the offshore seismogenic zone and analyze their locations in the context of interseismic locking and seismogenic zone extent. We detected and located 5,282 earthquakes, 4,096 of which had been previously undetected. We find that the downdip extent of the seismogenic zone as defined by interplate seismicity agrees with the 20% locking contour of the Schmalzle et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GC005172) geodetic model and extends deeper than predicted by previous thermal models. We cannot determine the updip extent of the seismogenic zone; this may be due to a lack of templates for detection in the updip source area, stress shadows updip of asperity loading, and/or strong locking to the trench. We present a map of possible asperities determined by the small earthquakes in this study. Our asperity locations and extents show some, but not complete, agreement with the asperities modeled from the 1700 M9 rupture and geodetic locking models, and good agreement with the paleo‐rupture extents determined from offshore turbidites and forearc basin‐based asperity estimates. This highlights the need of continued offshore observations over time, and to elucidate fine‐scale variation in locking.
Solar Wind Data Assimilation in an Operational Context: Use of Near‐Real‐Time Data and the Forecast Value of an L5 Monitor
Authors: Turner Harriet , Lang Matthew , Owens Mathew , Smith Andy , Riley Pete , Marsh Mike , Gonzi Siegfried
Published: May 2023

For accurate and timely space weather forecasting, advanced knowledge of the ambient solar wind is required, both for its direct impact on the magnetosphere and for accurately forecasting the propagation of coronal mass ejections to Earth. Data assimilation (DA) combines model output and observations to form an optimum estimation of reality. Initial experiments with assimilation of in situ solar wind speed observations suggest the potential for significant improvement in the forecast skill of near‐Earth solar wind conditions. However, these experiments have assimilated science‐quality observations, rather than near‐real‐time (NRT) data that would be available to an operational forecast scheme. Here, we assimilate both NRT and science observations from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) and near‐Earth observations from the Advanced Composition Explorer and Deep Space Climate Observatory spacecraft. We show that solar wind speed forecasts using NRT data are comparable to those based on science‐level data. This suggests that an operational solar wind DA scheme would provide significant forecast improvement, with reduction in the mean absolute error of solar wind speed around 46% over forecasts without DA. With a proposed space weather monitor planned for the L5 Lagrange point, we also quantify the solar wind forecast gain expected from L5 observations alongside existing observations from L1. This is achieved using configurations of the STEREO and L1 spacecraft. There is a 15% improvement for forecast lead times of less than 5 days when observations from L5 are assimilated alongside those from L1, compared to assimilation of L1 observations alone.
Within-subject, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of combining the cannabinoid dronabinol and the opioid hydromorphone in adults with chronic pain
Authors: Campbell Claudia M. , Mun Chung Jung , Hamilton Katrina R. , Bergeria Cecilia L. , Huhn Andrew S. , Speed Traci J. , Vandrey Ryan , Dunn Kelly E.
Published: May 2023

The potential synergistic effects of combining cannabinoids and opioids for analgesia has received considerable attention. No studies to date have evaluated this combination in patients with chronic pain. The present study aimed to evaluate the combined analgesic and drug effects of oral opioid (hydromorphone) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol), as well as their effects on physical and cognitive functioning, and human abuse potential (HAP) outcomes among individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This was a within-subject, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Participants (N = 37; 65% women; mean age = 62) diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis of ≥3/10 average pain intensity were included. Participants received (1) placebo-placebo, (2) hydromorphone (4 mg)-placebo; (3) dronabinol (10 mg)-placebo, and (4) hydromorphone (4 mg)-dronabinol (10 mg). Clinical and experimentally-induced pain, physical and cognitive function, subjective drug effects, HAP, adverse events, and pharmacokinetics were evaluated. No significant analgesic effects were observed for clinical pain severity or physical functioning across all drug conditions. Little enhancement of hydromorphone analgesia by dronabinol was observed on evoked pain indices. While subjective drug effects and some HAP ratings were increased in the combined drug condition, these were not significantly increased over the dronabinol alone condition. No serious adverse events were reported; hydromorphone produced more mild adverse events than placebo, but hydromorphone + dronabinol produced more moderate adverse events than both placebo and hydromorphone alone. Only hydromorphone impaired cognitive performance. Consistent with laboratory studies on healthy adults, the present study shows minimal benefit of combining dronabinol (10 mg) and hydromorphone (4 mg) for analgesia and improving physical functioning in adults with KOA.
Guidelines for genetic testing in prostate cancer: a scoping review
Authors: Tuffaha Haitham , Edmunds Kim , Fairbairn David , Roberts Matthew J. , Chambers Suzanne , Smith David P. , Horvath Lisa , Arora Shiksha , Scuffham Paul
Published: May 2023

Background

Genetic testing, to identify pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in prostate cancer, is valuable in guiding treatment decisions for men with prostate cancer and to inform cancer prevention and early detection options for their immediate blood relatives. There are various guidelines and consensus statements for genetic testing in prostate cancer. Our aim is to review genetic testing recommendations across current guidelines and consensus statements and the level of evidence supporting those recommendations.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Electronic database searches and manual searches of grey literature, including websites of key organisations were conducted. Using the Population, Concept, Context (PCC) framework, this scoping review included: men with prostate cancer or men at high risk of prostate cancer and their biological families; existing guidelines and consensus statements with supporting evidence for genetic testing of men with prostate cancer from any geographical location worldwide.

Results

Of the 660 citations identified, 23 guidelines and consensus statements met the inclusion criteria for the scoping review. Based on different levels of evidence about who should be tested and how, a diverse range of recommendations were identified. There was general consensus among the guidelines and consensus statements that men with metastatic disease be offered genetic testing; however, there was less consensus in relation to genetic testing in localised prostate cancer. While there was some consensus in relation to which genes to test, recommendations varied regarding who to test, testing methods and implementation.

Conclusion

While genetic testing in prostate cancer is routinely recommended and numerous guidelines exist, there is still considerable lack of consensus regarding who should be tested and how they should be tested. Further evidence is needed to inform value-based genetic testing strategies for implementation in practice.