bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beschneidung und Neue Schöpfung in Gal 6,15. Was hat das eine mit dem anderen zu tun?
Authors: Dochhorn Jan
Published: January 2025

The Byzantine Chronographer Syncellos claims that καινὴ κτίσις („new creation“) in Gal 6:15 is taken from the „Apocalypse of Moses“. He means the Book of Jubilees – and is right. Paul has both the concept and the phrase from Jub 1:29. The context in Jubilees deals with a reconstitution of the world and Israel focusing on the promise of a new covenant known from Jer 31:31–34MT // 38:31–34LXX, Ez 36:24–28 and Dt 30:6. The renewed Israel will be gifted with the Spirit and a new heart that enables all Israelites to do the law by nature. It is this promise of pneumatic existence and a renewed nature that Paul takes over and designates by the term „New Creation“. He adopts it motivated by the eucharistic tradition that defined the church as the new covenant. Jesuanic tradition has catalyzed the use of Jewish tradition which Paul probably knew from his Jewish education in Jerusalem.
Ehescheidung und Hass. Textkritisches zu Mal 2,16
Authors: Schmitz Tobias
Published: January 2025

Does Mal 2:16 quote God as hating divorce, or does the verse – on the contrary – advise men to divorce if they hate their wives? The article engages with the various text-critical issues of Mal 2:16, arguing that the MT, which is to be favored over the variant readings of G and 4QXIIa, is indeed best rendered as expressing God’s hatred of the practice of divorce.
Ontogeny and individual and group parameters of Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop. (Asteraceae) in the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors:   Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians, NAS of Ukraine, Kobiv V.
Published: January 2025

The article deals with ontogeny and individual and group parameters of an infrequent mountain species Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop. in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Isolated populations of C. erisithales in a wide high altitudinal range of 1040–1730 m a.s.l. were studied. Four periods and 8 age stages are defined in the ontogeny of this species. Characteristics of different age states are established. The total life span of C. erisithales is long. Unfavourable conditions cause shortening of ontogeny due to reduction or skipping of some periods. Population recruitment is performed by seed reproduction. The species has high parameters of seed reproduction, particularly germination rate and potential seed productivity. Thin-tussock or barren loci are most favourable for the establishment and successful development of seedlings. It is one of the few species, which can inhabit the schist screes. Individual and group parameters of C. erisithales do not significantly depend on the altitude above sea level. It was established that C. erisithales mostly has a low density. It is the highest in the high-mountain population on Mt. Hoverla. The height of generative shoot, width and length of leaf are significantly higher in the population in the place of Babyna Yama. Number of leaves and inflorescences are similar in all of the studied populations. The height of generative shoot is most variable. Percentage of generative group varies within 20–45 %. It was determined that considerable anthropogenic impact (particularly mechanical disturbance of herbaceous vegetation) results in the shrinkage of the area of populations and significant decrease in individual and group parameters, namely height of shoot and width of leaf – by 2, length of leaf – almost by 3, number of leaves – by over 3, real to potential seed productivity ratio – almost by 4, real seed productivity – by 5, number of capitula – almost by 6, harvest of seeds – by 26 times. Factors, which adversely effect the replenishment of C. erisithales are: timber skidding, road laying, recreation, excessive sodding, large land- and rockslides, inflorescense consumption by animals etc.
Screening of bacteria strains of the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas, active against phytopathogens of the genus Fusarium
Authors:   I. I. Mechnikov National University of Odessa, Strashnova I. , Yamborko G. ,   I. I. Mechnikov National University of Odessa
Published: January 2025

The using of biological preparations based on bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas is one of the most promising directions in the fight against pathogens of plant diseases. Quite a lot of preparations based on these microorganisms are known, but in some cases their application is characterized by insufficient activity against pathogens, as well as a reduction of the number of saprophytic soil microbiota, which negatively affects the phytosanitary state of the soil and reduces plants’ productivity. The aim of the work was to study the antagonistic activity of individual representatives of the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas from different biotopes against phytopathogenic Fusarium isolates from affected winter wheat grown in the Odesa region. The largest number of Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains was isolated from the rhizosphere zone of plants.
Screening of antagonistically active bacteria showed that this property was inherent in 92.4 % of Bacillus strains and 73.5 % – Pseudomonas strains. Bacillus spp. R14, R31 and S19 inhibited the growth of all selected fusaria (growth inhibition zones exceeded 20 mm). Pseudomonas spp. WR5 and WR7 also showed an antimycotic effect, but the sizes of the growth inhibition zones were less than 20 mm. Pre-cultivation of antagonistically active bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas on organic nutrient media contributed to a better manifestation of antimycotic activity of methanolic extracts of secondary metabolites of the studied strains. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracted metabolites against the selected Fusarium strains showed that the values ​​were variable, ranging from 1 mg/ml to 4 mg/ml depending on the specific strain-antagonist and the pathogen. To determine the spectrum and profile of secondary metabolites of antagonistically active Bacillus spp. R14, S19 and Pseudomonas sp. WR5 strains requires more extensive studies, including high-resolution mass spectrometry, as well as full sequencing and annotation of the genomes of these bacterial strains for their exact identification and detection of secondary metabolite clusters.
The Impact of a $10,000 Bonus on Special Education Teacher Shortages in Hawai‘i
Authors: Theobald Roddy , Xu Zeyu , Gilmour Allison , Lachlan-Hache Lisa , Bettini Elizabeth , Jones Nathan
Published: January 2025

We study the impact of a bonus policy in Hawai‘i Public Schools that raised the salaries of all special education teachers by $10,000. We estimate that this policy reduced the proportion of vacant special education teaching positions relative to general education positions by 32% and the proportion of special education positions that were vacant or filled by an unlicensed teacher by 35%. These impacts were largest in historically hard-to-staff schools in which all teachers received additional bonuses. The policy did not have significant effects on special education teacher retention; instead, the impacts of the policy were driven almost entirely by an increase in the number of general education teachers in the state who moved into open special education teaching positions.
Kadının Kadına Bakışı: Genç Kadınların Cinsel Sağlık ve Üreme Sağlığı Damgalama Eğilimleri
Authors: Dağlı Elif , Aktaş Reyhan Feyza
Published: January 2025

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, genç kadınların Cinsel Sağlık/Üreme Sağlığı (CS/ÜS) damgalama eğilimlerini ve ilişkili faktörleri belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Çalışma 3 nisan-28 temmuz 2023 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı türde bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın evrenini bir devlet hastanesinin Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Polikliniğine başvuru yapan 3270 kadın, örneklemini ise 232 kadın oluşturmuştur. Veriler, poliklinik bekleme salonunda yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Genç Kadınların Cinsel/Üreme Sağlığı Damgalama Ölçeği (GKCÜSDÖ) ile veriler toplandı.
Bulgular: GKCÜSDÖ göre, çalışmaya katılan genç kadınların damgalama tutumları orta düzeyin üzerinde (13,42±6,35) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların sosyo-demografik değişkenlerinden eğitim durumu (p=,000), çalışma durumu (p=,004) ve ilişki durumuna (p=,002) göre GKCÜSDÖ puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı fark elde edilmiştir (p
Hatay Devleti Dönemi (02.09.1938-29.06.1939) Hatay’da Sağlık Alanında Yaşanan Gelişmeler
Authors: Bolat Mahmut
Published: January 2025

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Hatay Devleti’nin sağlık teşkilatı, sağlık politikaları ile bu dönemde Hatay Devleti’nde görülen hastalıklar ve bu hastalıkları önlemeye yönelik yapılan mücadelelerin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi metodu kullanılmış ve Hatay Devleti’nin Resmi Gazetesi ve Hatay Devleti Millet Meclisi Zabıtları gibi resmi yayınları yanında dönemin gazeteleri, arşiv belgeleri ve telif-tetkik eserler kullanılarak Hatay Devleti dönemi Hatay’da sağlık alanında yaşanan gelişmeler konu edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, haziran-ağustos 2024 tarihleri arasında hazırlanmıştır.
Bulgular: Hatay Devleti dönemi sağlık alanında özellikle önceki dönemden kalan sorunlar ki bunlar; yetersiz sağlık kurumu ve personeli ile manda idaresi döneminde gereken ilgi gösterilmediğinden ciddi bir sorun haline gelmiş başta sıtma olmak üzere trahom ve verem gibi hastalıklardır. Hatay Devleti bu temel problemlerinin çözümüne yönelik olarak verdiği sağlık mücadelesinde, ihtiyaç duyulan kurum ve teşkilatlar oluşturulmasına, bu kurumlarda nitelikli sağlık personeli istihdam etmeye çalışmıştır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti de bu problemlerin çözümüne yakın ilgi göstermiş ve görevlendirdiği kişi ve kurumlar vasıtasıyla bu mücadeleye katkı sunmuştur.
Sonuç: Hatay Devleti kurduğu sağlık kadrosu ve teşkilatı ile Hatay’ın sağlık sorunlarının çözümü için mücadele etmiştir. İdari ve hukuki düzenlemelerinin yanı sıra, yeni hastane ve dispanserlerin kurulması, mevcutlarının şartlarının iyileştirilmesi, kapasitelerinin arttırılması ve buralara nitelikli sağlık personeli temin edilmesine çalışmıştır.
Osmanlı’da Taltif Edilen Memleket Tabipleri (1867-1894)
Authors: Nizamoğlu Ahmet , Köken Arif Hudai , Çakan Aysel
Published: January 2025

Amaç: Bu çalışmada XIX. yüzyıl Osmanlı döneminde taltif edilerek nişan verilen memleket tabiplerinin isimlerini, aldıkları ödülleri, ödüle layık görülmelerini sağlayan çalışmalarını ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmaktadır.
Yöntem: Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeli ile doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Veri elde etmek için T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA) veri tabanından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma konusuna ve amacına uygun olarak “memleket tabibi, tabib nişan, tabib taltif” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak aramalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma Temmuz-Ağustos 2024 tarihlerinde hazırlanmıştır.
Bulgular: Nişan ve rütbe alan 23 memleket tabibine ulaşılmıştır. Bu tabiplerin 19 farklı idari birimde çalıştıkları görülmüştür. Genellikle iyi ve başarılı hizmetleri başta olmak üzere farklı nedenlerle tabiplerin taltif edildikleri anlaşılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler tablo haline getirilmiştir.
Sonuç: Araştırma sonuçları XIX. yüzyıl Osmanlı dönemi özelinde idarenin başarılı tabiplere bakışını ortaya çıkarılması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bunun yanında araştırma sonuçları günümüz tabiplerince yeni bir motivasyon ve kendilerini değerli hissetme aracı olarak görülebilir. Ayrıca bu sonuçlar tarihten günümüze tabiplerin toplum sağlığı için üstlendikleri görevleri ve yaptıkları fedakarlıkları tarihsel bir perspektiften toplumun anlamasına aracılık edebilir.
Açık Kalp Cerrahisi Uygulanacak Hastalarda Benson Gevşeme Egzersizinin Ameliyat Öncesi Kaygı Düzeyine Etkisi
Authors: Çakmak Selma , Gürçayır Dilek
Published: January 2025

Amaç: Bu çalışma açık kalp cerrahisi öncesi uygulanan Benson gevşeme egzersizinin ameliyat öncesi kaygı düzeyine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Yöntem: Yarı deneysel türde olan bu araştırmanın verileri Ahi Evren Göğüs Kalp ve Damar Cerrahisi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Kliniğinde Mayıs-Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında toplandı. Araştırma kriterlerine uyan 120 hasta (60 deney, 60 kontrol) araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturdu. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında “Hasta Tanıtım Formu”, “Durumluk Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği” ve “Ameliyata Özgü Kaygı Ölçeği” kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Benson gevşeme egzersizi öncesi hastaların kaygı düzeyleri incelendiğinde grupların hem durumluk kaygı hem de ameliyata özgü kaygı puan ortalamalarının benzer olduğu ve aradaki farkın anlamlı olmadığı belirlendi. Benson gevşeme egzersizi uyguladıktan sonra hastaların kaygı düzeyleri incelendiğinde ise deney grubundaki hastaların ameliyattan 2 gün önce, 1 gün önce ve ameliyat sabahı durumluk kaygı ve ameliyata özgü kaygı puan ortalamalarının kontrol grubu hastalarından anlamlı düzeyde düşük olduğu saptandı.
Sonuç: Açık kalp cerrahisi uygulanacak hastalarda Benson gevşeme egzersizinin ameliyat öncesi kaygı düzeyini azalttığı tespit edildi. Bu bağlamda ameliyat öncesi kaygı düzeyinin azaltılması amacıyla Benson gevşeme egzersizinin hemşireler tarafından planlanıp uygulanması önerilebilir.
Konya Veremle Savaş Derneği’nin İz Bırakan Kurucusu: Mümtaz Bahri Koru
Authors: Erayman Berna , Şahinoğlu Serap
Published: January 2025

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, 1948’de dönemin biyopolitikalarına uygun olarak faaliyetine başlayan Konya Veremle Savaş Derneği’nin kurucusu ve bu alanda topluma yaptığı katkılar ile saygın ve seçkin bir insan olan Mümtaz Koru’nun toplumun genelinde tanınırlığının arttırılması, mücadeledeki liderlik ve adanmışlığının görünür kılınması amaçlanmaktadır.
Yöntem: Çalışma arşiv taraması olarak tasarlanmış olup, biyografik makale sınıflamasına göre “vefat etmiş bir kişinin onuruna yazılmış makale” türündendir.
Konya Veremle Savaş Derneği ziyaret edilmiş, Dernek başkanı Mümtaz Koru’dan yazılı izin alınmıştır. Çalışma Mart-Eylül 2023 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birincil kaynak olarak dernek kitaplığı ve anı köşesindeki görsel ve yazılı arşiv belgelerine ulaşılmıştır. Konya Koyunoğlu Şehir Müze ve Kütüphanesi Basın Arşivi’nde dönemin tanığı olan yerel gazeteler taranmış, çalışmanın kapsam ve amacına uyan yazılar kullanılmıştır.
Tarihsel bütünlüğü sağlamak amacıyla, döneme ait ülkede yapılan tüberküloz mücadele çalışmaları ayrıntılı bir alanyazın taramasıyla gözden geçirilmiştir. Veriler biyografik araştırma çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Ulaşılan bilgiler ışığında Mümtaz Bahri Koru’nun Konya’da tüberküloz mücadelesi için yaptığı faaliyetler, özgeçmişi ve kişilik özellikleri ile bağıntılı olarak sunulmuştur.
Sonuç: Mümtaz Bahri Koru’nun yakın tarihimizde, Konya’da tüberkülozla mücadelede yapmış olduğu liderlik ile örnek bir kişilik gösterdiği, mücadelede önemli bir rol oynadığı ve rol model olduğu söylenebilir.
Akdeniz Diyeti Kalite İndeksi ile Belirlenen Beslenme Tutumlarının Çocukların Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve Ağız Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: Soğukpınar Önsüren Aslı , Mutluay Merve Safa
Published: January 2025

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi çocukların ağız sağlığı seviyesi/alışkanlıkları ile ebeveynlerin ağız sağlığı tutumları ve Akdeniz Diyeti Kalite İndeksi’ ne uyumları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya toplam 164 çocuk/ebeveyn katıldı. Ebeveynlerin sosyo demografik özellikleri ve diş fırçalama sıklığı, diş ipi ve gargara kullanma durumu; çocukların sosyo demografik özellikleri ve diş fırçalama sıklığı ve diyet içeriği kaydedildi. Akdeniz Diyeti Kalite İndeksi (KIDMED) anketi ile ailelerden beslenme pratikleri hakkında bilgiler elde edildi. Çocukların ağız sağlığı seviyesinin belirlenmesi amacıyla dmft, Plak İndeksi (Pİ) ve Gingival İndeksi (Gİ) skorları ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Çocukların %54,9’u kız, %45,1’i erkektir. Çocukların ortalama yaşı 4,48 ± 0,90 ve dmft skoru 7,90 ± 3,53’tür. Katılımcı ebeveynlerin ortalama yaşı 34,29 ± 5,60’tır. Yılda 2 kez ve daha fazla diş hekimi kontrolü olan çocuk ve ebeveynlerin sıklığı sırasıyla %71,3 ve %6,7’dir. Ayrıca, çocukların %51,2’si; ebeveynlerin ise %53’ü düzenli beslenme alışkanlığına sahiptir. KIDMED skoru ile dmft arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yokken (p=0,145); atıştırma sıklığı ve şekerli tüketim miktarı fazla olan çocukların dmft skorunun diğerlerine göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p=0,014, p=0,028).
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Okul öncesi çocuklarda, erken çocukluk çağı çürüklerinin önlenmesi amacıyla yüksek diyet kalitesine sahip sağlıklı bir beslenme düzeni oluşturulmalı ve ağız hijyeni alışkanlıkları çocuk diş hekimi tarafından kazandırılmalıdır.
Lavanta Yağı ve Genetik Etkileşim: Epigenetik Perspektiften Sağlık Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Karakaş Ümit
Published: January 2025

Amaç: Lavanta yağı, Lamiaceae ailesinin önemli bir üyesi olan lavanta bitkisinden elde edilen ve çeşitli terapötik etkilerle öne çıkan bir uçucu yağdır. Tarihsel olarak, antik medeniyetlerden günümüze kadar antibakteriyel, antienflamatuar, anksiyolitik, antifungal ve yara iyileştirici özellikleri nedeniyle geniş bir kullanım alanı bulmuştur. Lavanta yağının temel bileşenleri olan linalool ve linalil asetat, sinir sistemi üzerinde yatıştırıcı etkiler gösterirken, inflamasyonu ve oksidatif stresi azaltarak çeşitli kronik hastalıkların tedavisine yardımcı olabilmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar, lavanta yağının nörolojik bozukluklardan kansere kadar uzanan geniş bir etki spektrumu olduğunu ortaya koymuş, ancak bu etkilerin moleküler düzeyde nasıl gerçekleştiği henüz tam olarak anlaşılmamıştır. Çalışmanın amacı güncel literatürü mikroRNA’lar çerçevesinde derlemektir.
Yöntem: Çalışmanın içeriği “Lavanta yağı”, “miRNA”, “epigenetik”, “gen ifadesi” anahtar kelimelerinin kombinasyonları ile PubMed, Google akademik, Web of science ve Science direct veri tabanlarından yapılan taramalarla oluşturulmuştur.
Bulgular: Son yıllarda, esansiyel yağların genetik ve epigenetik düzeydeki etkileri üzerinde durulmakta ve miRNA'lar ile olası etkileşimleri incelenmektedir. miRNA'ların gen ekspresyonunun düzenlenmesindeki kritik rolü göz önüne alındığında, lavanta yağının özellikle stres, depresyon ve inflamasyonla ilişkili miRNA'ları etkileyerek genetik mekanizmaları modüle etme potansiyeli büyük bir araştırma alanı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ancak, bu alandaki literatür eksikliği dikkat çekmektedir. Lavanta yağının terapötik etkilerinin daha iyi anlaşılması, özellikle miRNA'lar üzerindeki etkilerine odaklanan moleküler çalışmaların artmasıyla mümkün olacaktır.
Sonuç: Gelecekteki çalışmalar, lavanta yağının moleküler biyolojideki yerini sağlamlaştırabilir ve klinik kullanımı genişletebilir. Bu doğrultuda, lavanta yağının biyolojik mekanizmalarını aydınlatmak, onu hastalıkların tedavisinde daha etkili bir araç haline getirebilir.
Evaluación del potencial de las plantaciones de chopo a corta rotación para una bioeconomía baja en carbono: modelización de biomasa lignocelulósica sostenible y reservas de carbono bajo condiciones de limitación de agua.
Authors: Fuertes Sanchez Alicia , Rodríguez-Soalleiro Roque , Sixto Blanco Hortensia , Oliveira Nerea
Published: January 2025

Las plantaciones de chopos, manejadas a alta densidad y rotaciones cortas (SRC), logran una alta productividad en un tiempo reducido, esencial para la producción de biomasa y la captura de carbono a corto y medio plazo. Ambos son pilares fundamentales para avanzar hacia una bioeconomía baja en carbono. Esta tesis destaca la importancia de la biomasa lignocelulósica obtenida de plantaciones de chopo como materia prima clave para el desarrollo de la bioeconomía, buscando optimizar su rentabilidad. Para lograr este propósito, uno de sus objetivos es desarrollar herramientas predictivas más precisas y sensibles al clima en respuesta a restricciones de agua. Otro objetivo crucial es evaluar la viabilidad económica considerando la multifuncionalidad y los servicios ecosistémicos que ofrecen, explorando cómo estas contribuciones pueden potencialmente impulsar la transición hacia una bioeconomía baja en carbono. Los datos se obtuvieron de una amplia red de parcelas de plantaciones de chopo SRC en la península, que abarca un total de 30 localidades en las que se han testado 48 genotipos diferentes. Así como una plantación de chopo SRC específicamente establecida para obtener parámetros mensuales. Esta tesis doctoral aporta herramientas predictivas sensibles al clima, así como herramientas de evaluación de viabilidad económica, cuantificando uno de los servicios ecosistémicos más demandados en la actualidad: la captura de carbono. Estas contribuciones buscan mejorar la eficiencia de las plantaciones y ofrecer soluciones sólidas y adaptadas al contexto del cambio climático y las exigencias del mercado.
Selvicultura adaptativa en los bosques mediterráneos de Pinus halepensis
Authors: Diaz Montero Asunción , Vázquez-Camaño M. , Riesco-Amurrio M.I. , Fajardo-Cantos A. , Peña-Molina E. , Cano M.C. , Moya D. , De las Heras J. , Martín S. , Tomé Morán J.L. , Jordán Gonzalez E. , Ameztegui A. , Torné-Solá G. , Del Campo A. , Blanco-Cano L.
Published: January 2025

En los últimos años la gestión forestal está evolucionando frente a las consecuencias futuras y actuales del cambio climático. Para prepararse mejor se están ejecutando diferentes proyectos como, el LIFE ADAPT-ALEPPO tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de herramientas de adaptación de los bosques de pino carrasco frente al cambio climático. Esta nota se centra en la gestión adaptativa post-incendio para mejorar la resiliencia de bosques incendiados hace 20 o 30 años. Los tratamientos consisten en una reducción del 95% de la densidad en rodales situados en Castilla-La Mancha, Comunidad Valenciana, Cataluña y Aragón, siguiendo un gradiente climático. Se medirán parámetros de calidad del suelo, biodiversidad, crecimiento y producción de semillas y viabilidad. Los futuros resultados se quieren transmitir al mundo de la investigación y de la gestión forestal en todas las escalas para mejorar las herramientas frente al cambio climático en bosques ibéricos de pino carrasco y otros ecosistemas con similitudes.
Changes in YouTube’s Content Moderation Policy Had Little Detectable Impact on Election Denial Content
Authors: Greene Kevin T. , Pisharody Nilima , Norton Sean T. , Shapiro Jacob Poynor
Published: January 2025

While a growing body of research examines the effect of deplatforming, the blanket banning of certain types of content and users, on social media discourse, comparatively little research examines the effect of replatforming, when social media companies remove such blanket bans. We exploit such a policy change, YouTube’s June 2nd decision to stop removing content denying the validity of the 2020 US Presidential Election, to examine the effect of replatforming content. Using data from YouTube, Facebook, Telegram conspiracy groups, and Google, we find no evidence that YouTube’s policy change increased demand for or supply of election denial content over the short term. These results are consistent across all platforms and three different methodologies: regression discontinuity models, structural topic models, and a Bayesian structural time series model. This suggests that replatforming alone, when conducted after the effective marginalization of the targeted content, has minimal shortterm effects on the spread of previously-prohibited content.
Laypeople Give Little Weight To Efficiency When Assessing Environmental Policies
Authors: Marie Antoine , Trad Hugo , Strickland Brent
Published: January 2025

When evaluating policies, what should mostly matter for citizens is how successful public policies are at satisfying their policy preferences (e.g., reducing carbon emissions), relative to the policies’ cost. Yet, across 6 online studies (N = 2759), we found that lay participants’ judgments tended to be quite insensitive to policy efficiency. French citizens regarded an environmental policy driven by an altruistic intention that turned out to be inefficient as being more commendable than a policy motivated by selfishness that dramatically reduced carbon emissions (Experiments 1a-d, N = 854). Similarly, an altruistic but low efficiency policy aimed to reduce carbon emission was supported more than a selfish but high efficiency policy (Experiment 2, N = 1105). Independent manipulation of intent and efficiency (Experiment 2) suggested that assessments of policy descriptions are characterized both by relatively low sensitivity to large differences in efficiency expressed numerically, and relatively high sensitivity to actors’ intentions. Moreover, the more citizens were more morally committed to tackle a policy issue (e.g., reducing carbon emissions), the more they voiced support for any policy decision addressing the issue, regardless of its efficiency (Experiment 2). Encouragingly, however, Experiment 3 (N = 800) found that introducing subtle qualitative appraisals of an environmental policy’s impact and financial cost can nudge participants towards greater attention to its efficiency. Overall, our paper highlights the importance of using contextual and qualitative (vs. numeric) appraisals of environmental policies to make them more focused on their efficiency.
On the Unprovability of P = NP in Consistent Formal Systems: A Gödelian Perspective
Authors: Alhargan Fayez
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate that for any consistent formal system $\mathcal{F}$ capable of encoding basic arithmetic and polynomial-time computation, the statement $\mathbf{P = NP}$ is unprovable within $\mathcal{F}$. This result follows from a self-referential argument leveraging Gödel's Second Incompleteness Theorem. Specifically, if $\mathcal{F} \vdash \mathbf{P = NP}$, then $\mathcal{F}$ could algorithmically verify its own consistency in polynomial time, thereby contradicting Gödel's theorem. Our proof formalizes the interplay between computational complexity, bounded arithmetic, and metamathematics, establishing $\mathbf{P \neq NP}$ as a fundamental limitation of formal systems.
Reassigning sources of misophonic trigger sounds to change their unpleasantness: Testing alternative mechanisms with a new set of movies, paintings, and words
Authors: Heller Laurie M. , Oszczapinska Urszula , Smith Jessica , Julien Megan M.
Published: January 2025

We conducted nine experiments to determine why a sound’s pleasantness can be altered by movies, abstract paintings, and words. In Expt. 1, unpleasant sounds, such as the sound of a person sniffing, were paired either with their original video track or with video tracks depicting neutral events that could plausibly have produced the sound, such as pulling tissues out of a tissue box. While the unpleasant sounds were mildly unpleasant to a baseline population, these sounds were expected to be more unpleasant for people who have misophonia, a condition in which certain everyday sounds are unbearable. Consistent with past literature, neutral video tracks increased the sounds’ pleasantness for the non-misophonic and misophonic populations, by 0.98 and 1.59 points, respectively (on an 11-point scale). Movies rated as having better audio-visual matches produced greater changes in pleasantness, consistent with the hypothesis that sources reassignment caused the changes. Expt. 2 found a consistent result when the video tracks were replaced with written event descriptions, although the effect size was reduced. The next experiment inverted Expt. 1 and found that unpleasant video tracks decreased the pleasantness of neutral sounds by 2.12 points, but better-matching movies did not produce greater changes in pleasantness. We sought an alternative to the source reassignment explanation by obtaining ratings of audio-visual synchrony, cross-modal agreement in symbolism, source plausibility, and sound identifiability. No explanation was found for the effect of unpleasant videos. Furthermore, pleasant abstract paintings increased the pleasantness of unpleasant sounds by 0.37 points, correlating with cross-modal agreement but not with audio-visual match. Taken together, different types and patterns of match ratings can help discern the causal mechanisms by which visual stimuli are affecting sound pleasantness (e.g., source reassignment, cross-modal agreement). {Manuscript under revision, submitted to PLOSONE in March, 2024.}
The UnCODE system: A neurocentric systems approach for classifying the goals and methods of Cognitive Warfare
Authors: Ask Torvald F. , Lugo Ricardo , Sütterlin Stefan , Canham Matthew , Hermansen Daniel , Knox Benjamin J.
Published: January 2025

Cognitive Warfare takes advantage of novel developments in technology and science to influence how target populations think and act. Establishing adequate defense against Cognitive Warfare requires examination of modus operandi to understand this emerging action space. This includes the goals and methods that can be realized through science and technology. Recent literature suggests that both human and nonhuman cognition should be considered as targets of Cognitive Warfare. There are currently no frameworks allowing for a unified way of conceptualizing short-term and long-term Cognitive Warfare goals and attack methods that are domain- and species-agnostic. There is a need for a framework developed through a bottom-up approach that is informed by neuroscientific principles to capture relevant aspects of cognition. The framework should be at a level of complexity that is actionable to decision-makers in war. In this paper, we attempt to cover the existing gap by proposing the Unplug, Corrupt, disOrganize, Diagnose, Enhance (UnCODE) system for classifying the goals and methods of Cognitive Warfare. The system is neurocentric by conceptualizing Cognitive Warfare goals from the perspective of how adversarial methods relate to neural information processing in an individual or society. The UnCODE system identifies five main classes of goals: 1) Eliminating a target’s ability to produce outputs, 2) degrading a target’s capacity to process inputs and produce outputs, 3) biasing a target’s input-output activity, 4) monitoring and understanding the input-output relationships in targets, and 5) enhancing a target’s capacity and ability to process inputs and produce outputs. Methods can be divided in two categories based on access to the target’s neural system: direct access and indirect access. The UnCODE system is domain- and species-agnostic and allows for interdisciplinary commensurability when communicating attack paths across domains. In sum, the UnCODE system is a unifying framework that captures that multiple methods can be used to reach the same Cognitive Warfare goals.
Smell and Tell: The emergence of olfactory expertise in perfumery students
Authors: Saive Anne-Lise , Plailly Jane , Chambaron Stéphanie , Hourri Youness , Monin Carla , Nhouchi Zeineb , Belay Justine , Chalut Pauline , Hanaei Farnaz , Vallet Nadine
Published: January 2025

Developing olfactory expertise is essential in professions like perfumery, where the ability to describe, categorize, and conceptualize odors is critical. This study investigates how academic training during a 1.5-year program at a perfumery school (ISIPCA) shapes olfactory expertise of perfumery students. Forty students were assessed at three time points, focusing on odor description, evocation, recognition, discrimination, and categorization tasks. Results show that training significantly enhanced language abilities related to odor description and categorization. Students developed a richer and more precise vocabulary to characterize odors, aligning more closely with expert’s terminology and contributing to the formation of a shared olfactory lexicon. Semantic similarity within and between students, as well as with expert references, increased, emphasizing the importance of consistent language use in expertise development. Advanced natural language processing and machine learning tools revealed that the richness of verbal descriptions and semantic similarity were strong predictors of expertise acquisition. In contrast, improvements in non-verbal tasks, such as odor discrimination and recognition, were more limited, suggesting that perceptual abilities may require more extensive training or specialized methods. Building on these results, we propose potential enhancements to olfactory training including reinforced language practice, mental imagery exercises, and sensory discrimination tasks, along with personalized training strategies. These findings highlight the central role of language in the emergence of olfactory expertise and the importance of computational methods for optimizing training programs and advancing educational practices in olfactory science
Expert Consensus Procedure (ECO): Facilitating Robust Scientific Outputs
Authors: Kekecs Zoltan , Szaszi Barnabas , Aczel Balazs
Published: January 2025

This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide for the implementation of the Expert Consensus procedure (ECO) for scientific projects. The ECO aims to facilitate consensus among a panel of experts about a target scientific output. Consensus is achieved through an iterative process including surveys and feedback to the panel members. Following the procedure can achieve two main aims: (1) to decrease the chance that the target output will be subject to conceptual or methodological mistakes, and (2) to increase the chance that the target output would be acceptable by the stakeholders on the field.
I, A.I. An interdisciplinary exploration of artificial consciousness
Authors: Dávid Juhász
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the nature of artificial consciousness through an interdisciplinary lens, integrating philosophy, epistemology, and computational theories. Beginning with presocratic thought, such as Protagoras’ relativism and Gorgias’ rhetoric, it contextualizes the epistemological implications of artificial intelligence as inherently subjective, attributing grave importance to this subjectivity. The paper draws parallels between Plato’s cave dwellers and AI systems, arguing that both rely on lossy representations of the world, raising questions about their true understanding and reality. Cartesian and Hegelian frameworks are explored to distinguish between weak and strong artificial intelligence, emphasizing embodied cognition and the moral obligations tied to emergent artificial consciousness. The discussion extends to quantum computing, panpsychism, and the potential of artificial minds to reshape our perception of time and existence. By critically analyzing these perspectives, the paper advocates for a nuanced understanding of artificial consciousness and its ethical, epistemological, and societal implications. It invites readers to reconsider humanity’s evolving relationship with intelligence and sentience.
Detecting disinformation with measures of discourse derailment using LLMs
Authors: Krykoniuk Kateryna , Hopkin-King Cleo , Roberts Seán G.
Published: January 2025

Social media presents both opportunities and risks to society. One risk includes the potential for the spread of disinformation, but methods for automatic detecting possible disinformation still mostly rely on low-level lexical cues. We present a new approach to the automatic detection of disinformation based on measuring discourse ‘derailment’ – messages that try to force the topic of discourse away from one topic and onto another. While this may include both malicious and benign derailment, it could serve as an important signal for early-warning systems. In this study, we implement a system for automatic detection of discourse derailment which uses a Large Language Model to generate expected replies and compares them to the real replies. We test this system on a set of human annotated data to show that the system outperforms various baselines and approaches the agreement between human annotators. This suggests that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be sensitive to discourse-level information. However, we also identify evidence of several limitations, including that the automatic system relies on different cues compared to human annotators, which leads to some amount of bias. Nevertheless, our project represents a considerable step towards understanding how to use LLMs to analyse discourse and a new angle on tackling disinformation.
Who Cares? Religiosity’s Role in Compassionate Responses to Human Suffering
Authors: Van Cappellen Patty
Published: January 2025

Compassion – defined as care and concern for others' suffering – is a core value in all world religions. Yet, extending compassion is often challenging, requiring individuals to overcome significant personal and situational barriers. Could religious practices help navigate these barriers, fostering greater compassion? Across five studies (total N = 2,210) sampling from diverse faiths (Christians, Muslims, Buddhists), we investigate whether, when, and why engaging in religious practices promotes compassionate responses. These responses were measured as the selection of compassion-inducing situations and the upregulation of state compassion when witnessing suffering in various contexts (e.g., daily life, difficult events, victims of war). Religious practices, both public (worship attendance) and private (prayer), were consistently associated with greater compassionate responses (small to moderate association), even in the face of situational challenges, whether measured (e.g. target neediness, Study 1) or manipulated (i.e., compassion collapse for many victims, Study 2). Using experience sampling, we find that within-person fluctuations in religious practice are associated with momentary increases in compassion (Study 3). We further demonstrate that participating in religious practices increased compassionate choices, as shown in a natural experiment during Easter (Study 4). Finally, we identify two mechanisms – valuing compassion and feeling closer to those who suffer (Study 5) – that explain these associations. By bridging religion, emotion, and prosociality literatures, this work highlights how engaging in religious practices motivates compassionate responses to suffering, advancing theory on motivated compassion and its situational regulation.
Claims for no evidence also need evidence
Authors: Karhulahti Veli-Matti , Huntington-Klein Nick , Ballou Nick
Published: January 2025

Matters Arising submitted to Nature Human Behaviour.Preprint made public due to editorial request.
Application of universal design for learning within Australian school-based mental health programs: Scoping review protocol.
Authors: Hill Elizabeth , Purnomo Jessika , Wilmot Adrienne , McEvoy Peter , Boyes Mark Edward , McArthur Genevieve
Published: January 2025

Objective: This review will map existing literature to identify and describe the extent to which Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles of engagement, representation, and expression are applied to the design, delivery, and/or evaluation of school-based mental health programs in Australia. Introduction: UDL is an education framework that aims to create inclusive learning environments for students with diverse needs. Approximately 25% of Australian students are likely to live with language, literacy, and/or learning differences that place them at elevated risk of mental health problems. Many school-based mental health programs exist with the shared aim of promoting positive outcomes for students. Early prevention and mental health promotion efforts that are inclusive to students with language and/or learning differences are critically important. However, there has been no previous exploration of the extent to which UDL has been applied to school-based mental health programs. This review aims to identify and describe the extent to which UDL principles are evident in existing Australian school-based mental health programs. Eligibility criteria: This review will consider studies that report the development and/or evaluation of school-based mental health programs within an Australian education context. This review will exclude non-English studies, reviews, books, and theoretical or opinion pieces. Methods: This review will be informed by the JBI guidelines for scoping reviews and will be conducted between October and December 2024. Five databases will be searched (PsycInfo, Medline, Informit, Scopus, and ERIC) and two reviewers will independently screen all identified studies against inclusion criteria by title, abstract, and full text review. Conflicts will be resolved by consensus. Results: Two independent reviewers will extract relevant data from the selected studies and results will be presented numerically and narratively. The review will identify and describe the extent to which UDL principles are evident in descriptions of the design, delivery, and/or evaluation of school-based mental health programs in Australia. Synthesis and interpretation of included studies will be framed within the three principles of UDL. The review will outline key findings of the included papers, gaps in the literature, and salient directions for future research. Conclusion: The outcomes of this review will be disseminated via publication and plain language summaries. The outcomes may also inform conference presentations relevant to inclusive education, mental health, and child language and learning differences.
Episode-contingent experience-sampling designs for accurate estimates of autoregressive dynamics
Authors: Revol Jordan , Ariens Sigert , Lafit Ginette , Adolf Janne , Ceulemans Eva
Published: January 2025

Affect dynamics are often studied by means of first-order autoregressive (AR) modeling applied to intensive longitudinal data. A key target in these studies is the AR parameter, which is often tied conceptually to regulatory behavior in the affective process. The data is typically gathered using experience sampling methods, which are designed to pick up on fluctuations in affective variables as they evolve over time in naturalistic settings. In this manuscript, we compare classical time-contingent sampling designs to episode-contingent sampling designs, which initiate sampling when an emotional episode has been signalled. We define emotional episodes as periods where an affective process strays relatively far away from its mean. Compared to time-contingent designs, episode-contingent designs leverage on increased affective variability, which can have beneficial implications for the precision of the ordinary least squares AR effect estimator. Using an extensive simulation study, we attempt to delineate which characteristics of an episode-contingent design are important to consider, and how these characteristics are related to estimation benefits. We then turn to an empirical illustration, showing how an episode-contingent design can be implemented in practice. We also show that various patterns we expect based on the theoretical parts of the manuscript are recovered in the data. We conclude that episode-contingent designs can have marked benefits for the precision of the AR effect estimator, and discuss a number of challenges when it comes to implementing episode-contingent designs in practice.
Changes in online moral discourse about public figures during #MeToo
Authors: Silver Benjamin , Ochsner Kevin
Published: January 2025

During the #MeToo movement, the perceived morality of public figures changed in light of sexual assault allegations against them. Here, we asked how these changes were influenced by the perceived severity of alleged actions and by how well-known and well-liked were the public figures. Perceived morality was assessed by measuring (im)moral language usage in 1.4 million Tweets about 50 male public figures accused of sexual assault. Using natural language processing to analyze the tweets, we found that liking of public figures mitigated perceived immorality for less severe allegations, but had little effect on perceived immorality for more severe allegations. The persistence of negative perceptions one year later was related to liking and familiarity for the public figure, not allegation severity. These results suggest that in real-world contexts, we can forgive less harmful actions for people we like, but may not be able to if their actions are more harmful; over time, however, liking for others predicts lasting negative impressions of their moral misdeeds.
Evaluating the impact of Sure Start (Northern Ireland) using Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD): An early assessment of study validity
Authors: Zhang Meng Le
Published: January 2025

Sure Start is a place-based early years programme aimed at families and children aged 0-3. The programme includes multiple interventions that are accessible to eligible families based on their area of residence. Interventions may be delivered within Sure Start centres, other public settings or in families’ homes. The expansion of Sure Start over time presents a unique opportunity to measure the impact of the programme using a quasi-experimental method called Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD). This paper assesses the validity of the RDD approach and main study data collections ahead of data access to outcomes data. See main study registration (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/96UZG).
Scenario-Based Sociotechnical Envisioning (SSE): An Approach to Enhance Systemic Risk Assessments
Authors: Kieslich Kimon , Helberger Natali , Diakopoulos Nicholas
Published: January 2025

Regulators and policy makers around the world have endorsed risk-based approaches for governing the challenges and opportunities from Artificial Intelligence (AI). In theory, these assessments should protect the public from the harmful impacts of AI, thus safeguarding important societal values such as the realization of fundamental rights. However, as an anticipatory decision-making tool, the success and legitimacy of risk-based regulatory approaches depend critically on methods that help policymakers and societal stakeholders anticipate how AI may impact a diverse citizenry, the many different ways in which technological change may unfold, and the factors that lead to desirable and less desirable visions of the future. In this paper, we first point out critical flaws in existing assessment methods and regulatory approaches and consequently identify the need for a shift in current approaches to assessment approaches. We call on scholars, policy makers, and the technology industry to engage in anticipatory approaches that go beyond compliance and checklist exercises and acknowledge the responsibility they have for impacts that go beyond what is known. Second, we propose a concrete alternative empirical approach to address our concerns: Scenario-based Sociotechnical Envisioning (SSE). By using SSE, practitioners can make assessments more inclusive, more aware of the socio-technical context in which AI systems are deployed, and more prospective in terms of identifying impacts before they occur. We encourage scientists, policy makers and legislators to use SSE as one method in their assessment toolbox. Third, we anticipate possible objections to our approach and pro-actively discuss how these can be met.
Poder, Disputas e Geopolítica no Setor Farmacêutico
Authors: Stacciarini João Henrique Santana
Published: January 2025

O setor farmacêutico atingiu receitas globais de US$ 1,6 trilhão em 2023, evidenciando seu vasto poder econômico e sua influência estratégica na economia e política contemporâneas. Este artigo, baseado em uma ampla coleta, sistematização e análise de dados, examina as dinâmicas desse poder e influência. São discutidos o valor econômico (e político) das empresas do setor, as disputas entre corporações e nações atuantes, o papel geopolítico desempenhado durante a pandemia de covid-19 e a capacidade do setor de influenciar políticas internas por meio da intensa interação e financiamento de legisladores, bem como de órgãos de fiscalização e regulamentação.