bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching of the theme "humanization of care" in undergraduate nursing courses at state universities in Paraná
Authors: Ferraz Marcela Aparecida Alvarez , Azarias Késsia G. B. , Waner Carolina Godoy , dos Santos Maria E. Caetano , Giordani Annecy T. , B. Tatiane A. Phelipini
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The National Curriculum Guidelines for undergraduate nursing courses frequently propose reforms in the curricula of higher education institutions whenever changes are needed to create new demands and updates relevant to quality professional training. However, it seeks to break with the mere fulfillment of professional practice to incorporate teaching focused on the real needs of society and the world of work. Enabling the training of professionals with a holistic view of user care in accordance with the National Humanization Policy. Objective: To analyze how the theme "Humanization of Care" is proposed in the Pedagogical Course Projects (PPC) of the Undergraduate Nursing courses of the State Universities of Paraná. Methodology: A documentary analysis research was carried out, with the aim of constituting a satisfactory corpus, exhausting the clues capable of providing relevant information in relation to the theme. Document analysis is a set of intellectual operations that aims at the description and representation of documents in a unified and systematic way to facilitate their retrieval extracted from the original source, allowing the location, organization and evaluation of the information contained. Finally, the collected data were organized in Excel spreadsheets separated by tabs, in order to gather the most relevant data in a concise and objective way so that the findings and results pertinent to the research objective can be later discussed. Result: The Document Analysis allowed the deepening of the theme of Teaching Humanization due to its characteristic of constituting a satisfactory corpus, exhausting all clues capable of providing relevant information in relation to the theme. Thus, by effectively integrating politics as a basis for teaching, an environment is created that favors the development of a professional with a more humane, ethical and integrated vision with both the needs of patients and the health team. Conclusion: However, in order to have professionals with knowledge about the Humanization of Care and to be able to actually provide humanized care and assistance, it is essential that during their training they have come into contact with the theme in a theoretical-practical way, and that this contact happens throughout the undergraduate course. In this sense, contributing to the development and improvement of nursing education, and promoting reflections on the insertion of Humanization in the education of future nurses in a substantial way, is justified by the fact that humanized practice contemplates the individual in a holistic way, promoting prevention, promotion, and treatment.
Unveiling the Power of Storytelling: A Comparative Analysis of Consumer vs. Brand Narratives in Shaping Favorable Attitude Toward Brands Through Emotions and Cognition
Authors: Rao Urooba , Mazhar Ali  , Rubab Shafaq
Published: September 2024

Storytelling, as an interactive form of communication, is key to delivering product information compellingly and fostering consumer acceptance and engagement. Stories may originate from companies or consumers. Brand storytelling has emerged as a pivotal component of companies' communication strategies, facilitating the expression of values and fostering robust customer relationships. This study explores the effectiveness of consumer storytelling versus brand storytelling in shaping brand attitudes. It was an experimental research involving 384 respondents randomly assigned to two groups that were either exposed to consumer or brand stories. Through comparative analysis, consumer storytelling emerged as superior in eliciting positive brand attitudes, cognition, and emotions. However, its direct impact on brand attitude was not significant. Instead, the study uncovers the mediating role of cognition and emotion, highlighting their crucial influence on shaping favorable brand perceptions. Consumer storytelling, characterized by its emphasis on real values and emotional engagement, enhances cognitive personalization and imagery processing, fostering deeper consumer-brand connections. These insights underscore the imperative for emotionally resonant and cognitively stimulating storytelling in brand communication. This study contributes to the scant literature on examining the comparative effectiveness of consumer brand storytelling versus firm-generated brand storytelling. It elucidates the underlying mechanisms driving the superiority of consumer storytelling in shaping favorable brand attitudes. Contextually situated within the Pakistani market, particularly focusing on clothing buying behavior, this research offers actionable insights for brand managers seeking to harness the power of storytelling to garner favorable consumer responses and enhance brand resonance.
Market Capitalization and Economic Growth Nexus A Mediation Analysis for selected countries
Authors: Salah Sa’adah  , Barjoyai Bin Bardai
Published: September 2024

The study examined the mediating role of market capitalization in the relationship between economic growth and macroeconomic variables in twenty countries, including foreign direct investment, gross fixed capital formation, government spending, and inflation. The study has used panel data of twenty countries from the period of 2002-2021. The selection of countries involves three criterions, first; the study selected three regions; Asia, Europe, and Mena region. Secondly, among those selected countries, the study tried to select all three categories, higher income countries, middle income countries, and upper middle-income countries. The selection of these countries follows the criteria of GDP growth rate of 2021. Thirdly, these economies are either emerging economies or the economies who have established the stock market and getting its benefits for sustained GDP growth rate e.g. Australia, China, and Germany etc. Panel regression results show that foreign direct investment, gross fixed capital formation, consumption expenditures, inflation, GDP per employed person, and education expenditures all contribute to economic growth in selected countries, whereas an increase in the real effective exchange rate reduces growth. Hayes (2022) employs a mediation analysis approach that confirms market capitalization as a partially mediating variable between the rate of economic growth and various control variables in case of selected 20 countries. Providing more favorable policies for investors and enterprises, such as special economic zones and free tax breaks. Furthermore, emphasis on the money supply and preserving the currency's balance between face and interior worth. Increased foreign direct investment raises the country's workforce demand.
Gauging the impact of M-marketing capabilities on perceived sales performance of organization
Authors: Babar Junaid , Muhammad Abrar  , Muhammad Shahbaz
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study to address the purposeful question for the managers and researchers is how organizational resources through mobile marketing (M-marketing) capabilities can improve sales performance of organizations. The study considered training, internal marketing, organizational culture and product-related knowledge as organizational resources that enhance perceived sales performance through different M-marketing capabilities like accessibility, cost saving and quick decision making. This research incorporated dynamic capability and resource-based view (RBV) theories to construct the research model. 396 responses were received from SMEs employees from ten big cities of Pakistan and structure equation modelling used to examine the research model. Findings showed that the organizational resources (training, internal marketing, organizational culture and product-related knowledge) and M-marketing capabilities (accessibility, cost saving and quick decision making) significantly impacted the PSP. M-marketing capabilities significantly partially mediate among the relationships of organizational resources and PSP.
Impact of Digital Marketing Strategies on Marketing Performance: Role of Social Media Performance and E-commerce
Authors: Waseem  , Abbasi Muhammad Umair , Fahad Hamid
Published: September 2024

E-commerce utilization has turned into a part of our regular routines. Ease of access and wide range of audience has made social media an effective medium to increase the marketing performance of firms. Due to its importance, the Fast moving consumer goods and retail businesses in Pakistan have employed social/ digital media managers to manage their social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, etc. The social media managers have designed digital marketing to increase their social media performance. This is shown by the number of followers, likes, and sharing by the target audience and prospective customers. The job and abilities of Web based business assumed a significant part in our research. At the culmination, 232 respondents’ outcomes were taken into contemplation for our data analysis by using SPSS and Hayes Process Macro. The direct relationships have significant values and all hypotheses are accepted. The research attempted to help brands, and social media managers devise better strategies to increase their market share and social media ratings.  It also tried to contribute to literature for firms who are left far behind in employing the E-commerce and social media strategies framework to enhance their market performance and online transactions abilities. Additionally, our research examination adds to the current writing by offering bits of knowledge for firms that still can't seem to completely use internet business and entertainment procedures. By taking on these structures, organizations can further develop their market execution and online exchange abilities. Our review highlights the groundbreaking effect of advanced advertising on business development and client commitment.
Verbal Abuse as Child Discipline
Authors: Ogbazi Vivian Ijeoma , Victor Frederick Elendu
Published: September 2024

Although many studies have been carried out on child humor in Nigeria, especially, on Mark Angel comedy, an internet humor mode, they have often ignored the imbalance of the power structure between the adult and the child. Thus, this study argues that evident in the power structure skewed in favor of the adult is the resort to verbal abuse as a tool for disciplining the child. The essay argues that the adult construes the child's expressive observations as resistance to the adult mode of life. The ultimate result is that the child does not achieve a symphony with his/her environment which stunts his/her development, so he/she deploys a defense mechanism to protect his/her conscious thought processes from any form of antagonism the adult poses. This essay draws on the concept of adultism to highlight the disciplinary power expressed in the form of verbal abuse exercised by adults over children. It reveals how the adult assumes the dominant role, while the child's actions become secondary, leading to the suppression of the child's thoughts as a consequence of verbal abuse. The essay unearths how the power exercised causes the child to abide by the adult’s will, thereby, shriveling up the child’s thoughts and ideas. Examining skits that mostly exhibit the above scenario of verbal abuse as a response to child contestation of adult action, this essay concludes that an adult’s abusive behavior is essentially psychologically impactful on a child’s behavior, and leaves a huge stratum of the child’s consciousness undeveloped.
Conocimientos sobre métodos anticonceptivos en mujeres de un hospital general de Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México
Authors: Reyes Valdovinos Yessica , Lozano Zúñiga María Magdalena , Ruiz Recéndiz Ma. de Jesús , Paniagua Ramírez Silvia
Published: September 2024

Los métodos anticonceptivos son todos aquellos capaces de evitar o reducir las posibilidades de un embarazo, es recomendable utilizarlos desde la primera relación sexual y durante toda la vida fértil. Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos sobre métodos anticonceptivos en mujeres de un hospital general de Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México. Enfoque cuantitativo con diseño observacional, no experimental, descriptivo y transversal. El universo del estudio lo constituyeron 85 mujeres usuarias de la consulta externa de un hospital público. La muestra fue no probabilística con un muestreo por conveniencia. Se utilizó el instrumento de evaluación sobre el conocimiento de método anticonceptivos elaborado por Maldonado (2023) que está conformado por 50 ítems Se realizó una prueba piloto en 15 mujeres con características semejantes a la de la muestra y se obtuvo una confiabilidad de Alfa de Cronbach de .80. Para el análisis de los datos se empleó el programa SPSS versión 25 para Mac, y se procesaron con estadística descriptiva. Se consideró lo previsto en la Ley general de salud en México para las consideraciones éticas y legales. El 56 % de las 84 mujeres viven en unión libre, la media de edad fue de 29.40 (DE = 9.64) con rangos de 15 a 55 años. El nivel educativo de las participantes de esta investigación 40% fue de secundaria. El 58.3 % inició vida sexual en la edad de 12 a 17 años, al analizar los conocimientos sobre MAC, se observa que fue moderado en la escala total en 67.9 % de las participantes. La importancia del conocimiento que la mujer en edad fértil tiene de los métodos anticonceptivos, es la posibilidad de ejercer su derecho de vivir una sexualidad plena, así como decidir el número de hijos que desea tener.
Hibridinės grėsmės Lietuvoje: sampratos žinomumas ir raiškos formų atpažinimas jaunimo tarpe
Authors: Matonytė Irmina , Gajauskaitė Ieva , Jasinavičius Matas
Published: September 2024

2014 m. Rusijos įvykdyta Krymo aneksija ir 2022 m. pradėta plataus masto invazija į Ukrainą į politinę Lietuvos ir bendrai Vakarų pasaulio darbotvarkę ir viešumą iškėlė hibridinės karybos, hibridinių grėsmių (toliau, HG) ir pan. sąvokas. Nepaisant to, akademinių tyrimų ir ekspertinio išmanymo HG, jų suvokimo ir raiškos formų atpažinimo tema nėra daug. HG tyrimus komplikuoja tai, jog šis reiškinys neturi aiškios apibrėžties ar atpažįstamų savybių, kuriomis remiantis galima būtų šias problemas išspręsti vienu universaliai teisingu būdu. Šiame kontekste jaunimas tampa itin aktualia grupe – dėl imlumo ir jautrumo naujai informacijai (ar dezinformacijai) bei svarbaus vaidmens nacionalinio saugumo srityje. Šiame straipsnyje pristatomas tyrimas, kurio objektas yra Lietuvos jaunimo žinios ir suvokimas apie HG. Tyrimu siekta atskleisti Lietuvos jaunimo žinių apie HG įvairovę ir hibridinių grėsmių suvokimo brandą. Tyrime naudotas HG apibrėžimas: tai piktavališkas užsienio aktorių veikimas, pasitelkiant karines ir nekarines priemonės ir siekiant sumažinti piliečių pasitikėjimą demokratinėmis valdžios institucijomis. 2022 m. rugsėjo - 2023 m. kovo mėn. buvo atliktos penkios focus grupinės diskusijos (toliau, FGD) – trys su šaukiamojo, t.y. 18-26 metų, amžiaus jaunuoliais ir dvi su 15-19 metų amžiaus gimnazistais. Iš viso dalyvavo 41 individas (22 vaikinai ir 19 merginų). Išvados. Lietuvos jaunimo tarpe hibridinės grėsmės sąvoka yra sunkiai suprantama ir retai kam girdėta. Dažniausiai HG pirminė asociacija yra susijusi su kibernetinėmis atakomis ir propaganda. Mažiausiai HG yra siejamos su teise, viešuoju administravimu ir diplomatija. FGD eigoje buvo aktualizuojamos ekonomikos, energetikos ir švietimo bei mokslo sritys. Jaunuoliai dažnai vidaus problemas supranta kaip HG ir nesieja jų su sąmoninga piktavališku išorės veikėjų veikla. Tyrimas neatskleidė, kad dalyvavimo visuomeninėje veikloje ir nevyriausybinėse organizacijose patirtis būtų stipriai reikšminga tam, ar ir kiek jaunuoliai žino apie HG.
Mоdel for Analysis and Evaluation of Sustainable Cities in Bulgaria in the Context of Local Public Policy Appliance
Authors: Ivanov Tsonkov Nikolay , Dimitrov Petrov Kamen
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the digitalization of the economy and the increasing demand for resources have created several challenges for developing countries, their regions, and urban agglomerations. Therefore, many governments have undertaken significant changes in the policies applied to developing regions and cities. These new concepts are aimed at gradually building sustainable and smart cities. This is the response of countries to new challenges such as the digital environment, combating climate change, and maintaining favorable living conditions due to the strong environmental and socio-economic degradation. In this regard, the authors set as their main research objective to analyze and assess the sustainability of cities and the surrounding territory by implementing sustainable development policies at all levels. A major task and difficulty for the authors is to build upon and refine a model that can be used to assess sustainable and smart cities. In this paper, the authors propose an approach to studying sustainable cities, thus evaluating the effects of policies implemented in this field. The model includes the main groups of indicators that are used to analyze the sustainable and smart development of municipalities in the Northeast region of Bulgaria. Based on these indicators, data is collected, and processed, and comparative and statistical analysis is carried out to assess their sustainability and intelligence. The authors reach important conclusions such as an unsatisfactory level of sustainable and intelligent development, although the environment and conditions at the national level are favorable. In fact, in Bulgaria, based on the assessment of the studied municipalities in the Northeast region, it is clear that we cannot talk about sustainable cities because Bulgarian municipalities are still at the beginning of this development path.
Regulation, Remainder Risk, and Public Investment Fund: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Laurila Hannu , Siivonen Erkki
Published: September 2024

In the EU member countries that obey the rule of law principle, the legislative work of the parliament supports the market economy by producing public capital. In many cases, legislation is connected to public investment projects, and sometimes also to socially important private projects. Both include public benefits and costs, but also public risks. Moreover, as the public commitment to major private undertakings may preclude both immaterial and material contributions, there is a noteworthy threat that an accidental actualization of the remainder risk caused by some unforeseen incident would fall heavily on the taxpayers. This paper constructs a club theoretic model for the analysis of representative democracy. In the model, the public commitment to a private project is decided by the simple majority voting rule in the parliament. The analysis shows that strict assessment of the remainder risk may halt the whole undertaking implying that the promised social benefits are also lost. As a solution, we propose a constitutional Investment Fund, which would launch short-maturity public bonds to citizens and pension funds, earmarked to the material part of the public commitment to private projects. The system could partly privatize the public remainder risk so that only the immaterial part remains to common taxpayers thus increasing the probability of a majority vote for the project. At the same time, the government would get equity finance for its investments, and the citizens and pension funds would hold securities with tangible net asset value. The system should increase precision in public debt and risk management and bring democracy, public governance, and the market economy closer to each other.
Analisa Pengoperasian Cargo Hold Bilges System dalam Mencegah Terjadinya Flooding di MV. Meratus Malino
Authors: Muhammad Rizki Afrizal Azhar  , Supangat Supangat  , Kuncowati Kuncowati
Published: September 2024

This research aims to analyze the operation of the Cargo Hold Bilges System in preventing flooding on MVs. Meratus Malino. Researchers conducted this research while conducting a Sea Practitioner (PRALA) for 12 months starting from January 29 2023 to February 5 2024 on board the MV. Meratus Malino is a container carrier type ship managed by the shipping company PT. The Meratus Line operates domestic shipping services on the route Jakarta-Surabaya-Makassar-Bitung-Anggrek (North Gorontalo)-Surabaya-Jakarta-Bawean-Jakarta-Semarang. The population in this study was the MV crew. Merastus Malino consisted of 20 people, while the sample was the crew of the MV ship. Meratus Malino who is in charge or has responsibility for operating the Cargo Hold Bilges System totals 16 people consisting of the MV deck crew. Meratus Malino totaling 9 people and MV engine crew. Meratus Malino numbered 7 people. This research method uses a qualitative method using a descriptive approach, while for the data source the researcher uses secondary data sources, while the data collection instruments are questionnaires, field studies and interviews. The results of this research show that in operating the Cargo hold Bilges system, a system and several components such as the bilge pump, ejector, seachast valve, injection valve connected to the bilge pump and hydraulic valve are needed which can function properly and more optimally in ship operational activities. . And to prevent flooding in the hold, it is necessary to check the hold regularly and if you see standing water in the hold, immediately make an order to empty the hatch so that the hatch is dry and the cargo remains protected from flooding in the hold.
Pengaruh Suasana Kerja dan Konflik Interpersonal terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Surakarta
Authors: Muhammad Zulfikar R  , Indra Hastuti  , Esti Dwi Rahmawati
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of work atmosphere and interpersonal conflict on employee performance at the Surakarta City Population and Civil Registration Office (Dukcapil). The research population includes all employees of Dukcapil Surakarta, totaling 74 people. The variables studied include work atmosphere, interpersonal conflict, and employee performance. Data collection was conducted through a combination of primary and secondary data. Primary data collection methods used interviews and questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained through documentation. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling method with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach, and data processing was done using SmartPLS software. The results showed that. Interpersonal conflict and work atmosphere are proven to have a significant impact on the performance of employees of the Surakarta City Dukcapil Office.
Pengaruh Fasilitas Pelayanan di Ruang Tunggu Domestik terhadap Kepuasan Penumpang di Bandar Udara Husein Sastranegara Bandung
Authors: Muhammad Fajar S Somadil Amin  , Teguh Ariebowo
Published: September 2024

Based on the results of the researcher's observations at Husein Sastranegara Airport, Bandung, a problem was found in the form of complaints from passengers in the waiting room area which arose due to several facilities that were not functioning optimally, namely related to the increasing room temperature and the lack of seating areas in the passenger waiting room area so that not all passengers could get a seat. The lack of several of these facilities caused an uncomfortable feeling for the passengers who were in the waiting room area while waiting for their flight departure schedule. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of domestic waiting room service facilities on passenger satisfaction at Husein Sastranegara Airport, Bandung and how big the influence is. This study uses a quantitative method with a research location at PT. Angkasa Pura II Husein Sastranegara International Airport Bandung, precisely in the domestic waiting room area at Husein Sastranegara International Airport Bandung. Surveys and observations are data collection techniques in this study. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the results of the correlation table analysis of 0.764 using the interpretation of the r value are> 0.5 - 0.583 = strong correlation, it can be interpreted that the hypothesis H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted so that it shows the results that passenger satisfaction is influenced by service facilities, while the results of hypothesis testing in the study provide results that the magnitude of the influence of variable X (service facilities) on variable Y (passenger satisfaction) shows strong results by obtaining a correlation coefficient of 0.764 with a determination coefficient of 58.3%. with the remaining 41.7% influenced by other factors not studied by researchers such as eligibility, availability, cleanliness and other elements.
Investigating the quality of source integration in an academic writing exam
Authors:   Second Language Testing, Inc., Vanderwoude Amber , Shefarevich Liubou ,   Second Language Testing, Inc.
Published: September 2024

Integrated writing tasks have become the standard for many English language exams. However, do they elicit the type of source use expected in academic settings? To address this question, this study reports on source integration on an operational English exam administered in Japan. Responses of 24 secondary students on two forms of the exam were analyzed and coded for stylistic conventions, language transformation (e.g. paraphrase), and rhetorical functions. While many responses lacked the sophistication and formal conventions of undergraduate- and graduate-level responses analyzed in previous studies, they revealed test takers’ emerging ability to engage with sources in a way that reflects the expectations of academic writing.
Employee Happiness and Compliance with Supervisor Re-quests: The Effects of Supervisor Caring and Interactional Justice
Authors: Zhang Qin , Gibson Donald ,   Pennsylvania Communication Association
Published: September 2024

This study was designed to examine the moderating effects of perceived interactional justice in supervisor requests in the relationship between perceived supervisor caring and employee happiness, as well as the mediating role of employee happiness in the relationship of supervisor caring and interactional justice with employee compliance with the requests. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that perceived interactional justice moderated and reinforced the association between perceived supervisor caring and employee happiness. Results also showed that employee happiness mediated the effects of supervisor car-ing and interactional justice on employee compliance with the requests.
The World Will Little Note: Vice President Joe Biden’s 2012 Speech at the Flight 93 National Memorial
Authors: Bruner Michael Stephen , Stuckey Brittany Nichole ,   Pennsylvania Communication Association
Published: September 2024

On September 11, 2012, Vice President Joe Biden gave a brief speech in rural Pennsylvania, honoring the thirty-three passenger and seven crew members who died while resisting the takeover of United Airlines Flight 93. Our argument will be that Biden’s speech was grounded in the speaker’s strong ethos and was personal, not political. Using close textual analysis, this study will scrutinize the references to personal loss and the use of language devices to achieve conversational framing, eventually contributing to the ethos of the speaker.
“Journey On:” A Rhetorical Analysis of Relational Dialectics in the Musical Ragtime
Authors: Bachert Joshua T. , Schrader Valerie Lynn ,   Pennsylvania Communication Association
Published: September 2024

The dynamic nature of relationships makes them an area of interest for scholars to study. One particular aspect, the contradictions between opposing ideas and their effects, has led to the development of the theoretical construct termed relational dialectics. Although relational dialectics is primarily utilized to study real-life scenarios, it is also applicable to fictional events, such as those in the popular musical Ragtime. Drawing primarily from the research of William K. Rawlins (1981, 1992, 2008), we examine the tensions in four relationships within the musical, arguing that the success of the characters’ relationships is dependent on the mutual negotiation of inherent oppositions. Through the respective successes and failures of the fictional relationships in the musical, applicable lessons for real-life relationships are communicated to audience members.
“Misbehaving” Literature: a Postcolonial Philosophy of Communication in The Satanic Verses
Authors: Corry M. Shivaun ,   Pennsylvania Communication Association
Published: September 2024

Perhaps the most controversial novel of the 20th century, The Satanic Verses interrupts binary oppositional assumptions of east and west, sacred and profane, as well as high art and pop culture. Drawing on the of work communications theorists (Arnett 2010; 2016; Fisher, 1985), literary theorists (McKenzie 2009; Fowler, 2000), post-colonial theorists (Said, 1978; Bhabha, 1992; Ashcroft, 2001) and philosophers (Natanson, 1998; Deleuze and Guattarri, 1975/2003, 1980), the author argues that Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses disrupts modernist, absolutist assumptions by putting forth a post-colonial philosophy of communication. This philosophy of communication recognizes multiplicity, celebrates hybridity, and subverts the colonial relationship of language and power. In the current historical moment with the rise of populism both in the Islamic world and in the west, the interruption to absolutist, modernist paradigms provided by the post-colonial philosophy of communication in The Satanic Verses questions the absolutist, binary oppositional narratives of populism.
Historical Background and Development of Profession of Pharmacy
Authors: Gupta Dr. Surya Prakash
Published: September 2024

The profession of pharmacy has a rich and diverse history, particularly in India, where it has evolved significantly over the centuries. The roots of pharmacy in India can be traced back to ancient times, with traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani playing a pivotal role. These ancient practices involved the use of various natural substances for therapeutic purposes, and the preparation of medicinal compounds was a sophisticated art practiced by skilled healers. The modern era of pharmacy in India began during British colonial rule. The establishment of the first pharmacy educational institution, the Banaras Hindu University, in 1932 marked a significant milestone. This was followed by the establishment of other institutions like the L.M. College of Pharmacy in Ahmedabad in 1947. The Pharmacy Act of 1948 was a landmark legislation that regulated the profession and practice of pharmacy in India. It led to the establishment of the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) in 1949, which set standards for pharmacy education and practice. Pharmacy education in India has since expanded tremendously. The introduction of diploma, degree, and postgraduate programs in pharmacy has helped in producing skilled professionals to meet the growing demands of the healthcare industry. Institutions like the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) have been set up to promote advanced research and education in pharmaceutical sciences. The pharmaceutical industry in India has also seen remarkable growth. From the establishment of Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals in 1901, India's first pharmaceutical company, the industry has grown to become one of the largest producers of generic medicines globally. The Indian pharmaceutical sector is now recognized for its capacity to produce high-quality, affordable medicines and is a crucial player in the global pharmaceutical supply chain. Pharmacy organizations in India, such as the Indian Pharmaceutical Association (IPA), play a significant role in advocating for the profession and ensuring the continuous development of pharmacy practice and education. These organizations provide a platform for pharmacists to collaborate, share knowledge, and advance their careers. Pharmacy as a career in India offers diverse opportunities. Pharmacists can work in various settings, including community pharmacies, hospitals, pharmaceutical industries, regulatory agencies, and academic institutions. The role of pharmacists is expanding beyond traditional boundaries to include responsibilities in patient care, medication therapy management, and clinical research. With the increasing complexity of healthcare, the demand for skilled pharmacists is on the rise.
Monophasic Liquids-I
Authors: Gupta Dr. Surya Prakash
Published: September 2024

Monophasic liquids are single-phase solutions used for various therapeutic purposes. They are homogeneous mixtures in which the active ingredients are completely dissolved in a suitable solvent. Several types of monophasic liquids include gargles, mouthwashes, throat paints, eardrops, nasal drops, and enemas, each serving distinct medical needs.
Suspensions-I
Authors: Goel Ms. Neha
Published: September 2024

Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures in which fine solid particles are dispersed in a liquid medium. Unlike solutions, the solid particles in suspensions are not dissolved but are suspended throughout the liquid, requiring occasional shaking to maintain homogeneity. These formulations are used when the drug is insoluble or poorly soluble in the chosen solvent. The advantages of suspensions include the ability to administer insoluble drugs in a palatable liquid form, improved stability of drugs that may degrade in solution, and the ability to mask unpleasant tastes. They also allow for flexibility in dosing and can be used for both oral and topical applications. However, suspensions have several disadvantages. They can be less stable than solutions, with a tendency for particles to settle over time, leading to dosage inconsistencies. Proper formulation and frequent shaking are required to maintain uniformity. They can also be bulkier and more difficult to transport and store compared to solid forms. Suspensions can be classified based on the particle size of the dispersed phase, the nature of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium, and the application method. Common classifications include coarse suspensions (particle size >1 micron), fine suspensions (particle size
Prescription
Authors: Garg Mr. Satyendra
Published: September 2024

A prescription is a written order from a licensed healthcare professional, typically a physician, to a pharmacist, instructing the dispensing of a specific medication for a patient. It serves as a crucial link between the diagnosis and treatment, ensuring that patients receive appropriate medication in the correct dosage and form. A prescription comprises several key parts: the patient's information (name, age, address), the date of prescription, the superscription ("Rx" symbol), the inscription (medication name and strength), the subscription (instructions to the pharmacist), the signa or sig (directions for the patient on how to take the medication), and the prescriber's signature and contact information. These components ensure clarity, proper medication dispensing, and patient safety. Handling prescriptions involves several steps to ensure accuracy and compliance with medical and legal standards. Pharmacists must verify the prescription's validity, review it for completeness, check for potential drug interactions, and counsel patients on proper medication use. Secure storage and record-keeping of prescriptions are also essential to maintain patient confidentiality and comply with regulatory requirements. Errors in prescriptions can occur at various stages, from writing to dispensing. Common errors include incorrect dosages, illegible handwriting, wrong medication names, and unclear instructions. These errors can lead to adverse drug reactions, therapeutic failures, and compromised patient safety. To minimize prescription errors, healthcare professionals must adhere to standardized prescribing practices, utilize electronic prescribing systems, and maintain open communication with pharmacists and patients. Reducing errors in prescriptions is vital for improving treatment outcomes and ensuring patient well-being.
Powders-II
Authors: Singh Ms. Shikha
Published: September 2024

Powders are a versatile and fundamental dosage form in pharmacy, used in various preparations to deliver medications effectively. They can be classified into simple and compound powders. Simple powders contain a single active ingredient, while compound powders consist of two or more active ingredients mixed together. Understanding the different types of powders and their specific applications is crucial for pharmaceutical practice.
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water Sources from Selected Regions in Yola North, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Stephen Hyelda , Bassi Wasinda Nuhu , Sirante Richard Martin , Alli Rejoice Monday
Published: September 2024

Access to clean drinking water is essential for sustainable development and human health, but heavy metal contamination poses a significant threat. This study assessed health risks linked to heavy metals in drinking and household water sources in Yola North. Water samples from surface water (Benue River), groundwater (wells and boreholes), and tap water were analysed for physicochemical properties and heavy metal content. The average daily dosage (ADD), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index were estimated to assess the non-carcinogenic risk (HI) and carcinogenic risk (LCR) of heavy metals from the study water sources. The physicochemical properties of water samples showed pH values within WHO limits, with temperature ranging from 23°C to 32°C, turbidity within acceptable levels, electrical conductivity varying significantly, and total dissolved solids generally meeting WHO standards. The levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) exceeded WHO guidelines in all water samples, with the highest concentrations found in tap water (90 μg/L Cd) and surface water (210 μg/L Pb). There were considerable non-carcinogenic hazards indicated by the HQ and HI values for Pb and Cd via ingestion exceeding the threshold of 1. The LCR estimates revealed carcinogenic risks from Cd exposure in all water sources and elevated cancer risk from arsenic in surface water and tap water. Across all sources, lead presented a tolerable cancer risk. The study emphasises how critical it is to implement mitigation plans and other measures to address heavy metal contamination in the area's water sources.
The Effect of Training and Development Practices on Employees’ Performance in Commercial Banks in Sierra Leone: Case of Union Trust Bank (UTB)
Authors:   School of Government, University of International Business and Economics (UIBE), Beijing, China., Conteh Emma N’Kamara , Bangura Foday Sulaiman ,   Department of Public Administration and Management, University of Makeni (UNIMAK), Makeni, Sierra Leone.
Published: September 2024

How effectively an employee has been trained and developed affects the quality of their performance. This study looks at how training and development programs impact employees' performance in Sierra Leonean commercial banks using Union Trust Bank as a case study. The data for this study, which used an Ordinary Least Square regression model, came from a structured questionnaire that was administered and an interview schedule that involved 100 people who were visited at the case institution. After that, frequency tables, charts, and statistical analysis utilising the STATA 18 software are used to investigate the data. The data analysis's findings show that employee performance and efficient training and development are positively correlated. More specific findings are that UTB employees agreed that the employer's training technique does not normally align with some training needs. It is a challenge for UTB to adapt to employee feedback on training; it is also a challenge to retain employee engagement before and after trainings have been conducted. These challenges affect, to a certain extent, job performance and level of productivity at UTB. The study further reveals the relationship between training and development on one hand, and employees' performance, productivity, job satisfaction, staff turnover, maintenance costs, and the overall profitability of the firm. The research concludes by providing recommendations to UTB in developing appropriate and cost-effective training techniques for employees.
Understanding Islamic Economics as an Islamic Moral Economy
Authors: Ahmadi Abdul Zahoor , Afifah Ade Muthia , Qarar Walid , Atiqi Hasibullah
Published: September 2024

This study explores Islamic economics as a moral economy, emphasizing its ethical foundations derived from Shariah principles. Islamic economics contrasts with conventional systems by prioritizing justice, social welfare, and the equitable distribution of wealth over profit maximization. Key concepts such as Zakat (almsgiving), the prohibition of Riba (interest), and ethical financial practices aim to address global economic challenges like inequality, poverty, and financial instability. Through a qualitative case study, this research critically analyzes how Islamic economic principles can be applied to contemporary economic issues. The study highlights both the potential of Islamic economics to offer sustainable and equitable solutions and the challenges of integrating these principles into global financial systems, particularly due to diverse interpretations and structural limitations. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how Islamic economics can inspire ethical reforms in global economic practices.
Pola Pemilihan Bahasa Kelompok Masyarakat Madura Pendatang Di Desa Sapikerep, Kecamatan Sukapura, Kabupaten Probolinggo: Kajian Etnososiolinguistik
Authors: Lestari Nanda , Pairin Udjang , Mulyono Mulyono
Published: September 2024

Munculnya variasi bahasa di tengah masyarakat multi etnis mengharuskan penuturnya mampu menentukan pilihan variasi bahasa yang digunakan dalam kegiatan komunikasi, agar kegiatan komunikasi dapat berjalan dengan lebih komunikatif. Dalam penelitian ini juga dibahas tentang pemilihan variasi bahasa yang menghasilkan pola pemilihan bahasa tertentu dalam masyarakat multi etnis, yaitu pada masyarakat Madura pendatang yang hidup di lingkungan Jawa Tengger. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola pemilihan bahasa pada kelompok masyarakat Madura pendatang di Desa Sapikerep, Kecamatan Sukapura, Kabupaten Probolinggo. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik analisis deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kalimat yang menggambarkan pola pemilihan bahasa yang terdapat dalam tiga ranah komunikasi, yaitu pada ranah keluarga, pergaulan, dan pekerjaan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi teknik observasi, wawancara, dan kuisioner. Model analisis yang digunakan adalah etnometodologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) pada ranah keluarga pola pemilihan bahasa yang dominan digunakan adalah BM-BM, namun kode BJT-BJT juga masih sering muncul ketika subjek penelitian berkomunikasi dengan G3 dan generasi selanjutnya. (2) pada ranah pergaulan muncul dua pola pemilihan bahasa yaitu BM-BM dan BJT-BJT. Penggunaan BJT pada ranah pergaulan merupakan bentuk penyesuaian terhadap lawan tutur yang merupakan masyarakat asli suku Jawa Tengger. (3) pada ranah pekerjaan pola bahasa yang dominan digunakan adalah BI-BI, hal ini karena BI sebagai bahasa Nasional dianggap lebih tepat digunakan karena akan lebih mudah dimengerti oleh siapapun lawan  tuturnya, yang tidak menutup kemungkinan akan berasal dari berbagai etnis. Kode BM juga masih sering kali muncul sebagai penunjuk identitas bahwa antara penutur dan mitra tutur berasal dari etnis yang sama, yaitu etnis Madura.
Legal Analysis of Inconsistencies in Child Marriage Regulations
Authors: Tomayouw Eko Budianto , Suwarti Suwarti , Rumkel Nam
Published: September 2024

This study analyzes the inconsistencies in child marriage regulations in Indonesia, which result in legal uncertainty in efforts to protect children through the marriage dispensation process. By employing both normative and sociological approaches, the study examines the legal implications of these regulatory disparities and assesses the marriage dispensation process from a benefit-based perspective. The findings reveal that the inconsistency in regulations leads to unequal legal protection for children involved in marriage, highlighting the urgent need for harmonizing laws and strengthening child protection mechanisms. Improvements are necessary not only in the Child Protection Law but also in the revision of the Marriage Law, taking into account the broader responsibility of the state in safeguarding children. Although the Marriage Law sets a minimum age for marriage, it still allows for loopholes through marriage dispensation, reflecting an inconsistency in legislative efforts to protect children. The overlap between different legal provisions creates uncertainty in the legality of child marriages, as different interpretations of the laws can lead to varying legal outcomes. This study identifies two key issues: the legal consequences of regulatory inconsistencies in child marriages and how marriage dispensation is viewed from a benefit perspective. Using a normative legal research method, the study draws on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources, including legislation and court decisions, and analyzes the data qualitatively. The results indicate that the regulatory inconsistencies create legal uncertainty in the protection of children in marriages approved through dispensation. Therefore, protecting these marriages from a benefit perspective is essential, as the dispensation process serves as a form of legal protection for children, rather than defying the rule of law.
Planning of Uwe River PLTMH Jayawijaya Regency Capacity 2 X 750 KW
Authors: Toni Toni , Hendri Hendri
Published: September 2024

Indonesia has great potential to develop renewable energy, especially through Micro Hydro Power Plants (MHP) that utilize river flow. The Papua region, including Jayawijaya Regency, has significant water resources potential but has not been optimally utilized to meet local energy needs. This study aims to evaluate the technical feasibility of building an MHP in Uwe River, Jayawijaya Regency, with a capacity of 2 x 750 kW as an effort to increase the electrification ratio in Papua Mountains. The research uses a quantitative approach with field survey methods and primary data collection, such as water discharge measurements and interviews with relevant parties. The data were analyzed using the FJ Mock method for water discharge estimation and hydraulic power calculation to assess the technical feasibility of MHP development. The results showed that Uwe River has a potential hydraulic power of 2063.965 kW with a capacity factor of 88%, which is able to support the operation of two turbines with a capacity of 733.76 kW each. The conclusion of this study shows that the construction of an MHP in Sungai Uwe is technically feasible and has great potential to increase the electrification ratio, support local economic development, and reduce dependence on fossil fuels in remote areas. The implication of these results is the importance of investment and policy support in the development of renewable energy projects in Papua to achieve national electrification targets.