bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postemergence Yellow Nutsedge Management in Sweetpotato
Authors: Meyers Stephen L. , Shankle Mark W.
Published: August 2015

Field studies were conducted in 2013 at Houlka, MS and in 2014 at Houston, MS to evaluate herbicide programs for yellow nutsedge control and sweetpotato crop response. Treatments consisted of halosulfuron-methyl at 13, 26, and 34 g ai ha−1 2 wk after transplanting (WAP) followed by (fb) S-metolachlor at 856 g ai ha−1 4 WAP; a sequential application of 13 g ha−1 halosulfuron-methyl at 2 and 4 WAP; and halosulfuron-methyl at 13 g ha−1 plus either S-metolachlor or 1,123 g ai ha−1 alachlor 2 WAP. Crop injury in treated plots ranged from 29 to 44% at 3 WAP. Injury from the sequential application increased slightly between 3 and 5 WAP (29 to 38%), but decreased between 5 WAP and harvest (19%). Injury with all other treatments was unchanged from 5 WAP through harvest. The sequential application of halosulfuron-methyl provided the greatest control of yellow nutsedge throughout the duration of the study with ≥ 83% control from 5 WAP through harvest. Control from all other treatments ranged from 38 to 78% from 5 WAP through harvest. No. 1, canner, and marketable sweetpotato yields of the hand-weeded check were 19,900; 7,140; and 27,590 kg ha−1, respectively. No. 1, canner, and marketable yields of the weedy check were only 15, 51, and 25% of the hand-weeded check, respectively. With the exception of halosulfuron-methyl at 13 g ha−1 fb S-metolachlor, which was similar to the weedy check, no. 1 and marketable yields with all treatments were greater than the weedy check, but less than the weed-free check. A sequential application of halosulfuron-methyl and a tank mix of halosulfuron-methyl plus S-metolachlor would fit well into an overall yellow nutsedge management program in sweetpotato. However, as halosulfuron-methyl is not registered for use in sweetpotato, growers must continue to manage yellow nutsedge primarily with crop rotation and sanitation.
Critical Timing of Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) Removal in Sugarcane
Authors: Odero Dennis C. , Duchrow Mathew , Havranek Nikol
Published: August 2015

Fall panicum is the most troublesome annual grass weed in sugarcane in Florida. The critical timing of fall panicum removal in sugarcane or the maximum amount of early season interference that sugarcane can tolerate before it suffers irrecoverable yield loss is not known. Field studies were conducted from 2012 to 2015 in Belle Glade, FL to determine the critical timing of fall panicum removal and season-long interference in sugarcane. The effect of season-long fall panicum interference and critical timing of removal based on 5 and 10% acceptable yield loss (AYL) levels were determined by fitting a log-logistic equation to percentage millable stalk, cane, and sugar yield loss data. Millable stalks, cane, and sucrose yield decreased as the duration of fall panicum interference increased. Season-long interference of fall panicum resulted in 34 to 60%, 34 to 62%, and 44 to 60% millable stalk, cane, and sucrose yield loss, respectively. The critical timing of fall panicum removal based on 5 and 10% AYL for millable stalks was 5 to 9 wk after sugarcane emergence (WAE). At 5 and 10% AYL, the critical timing of fall panicum removal ranged from 5 to 9 WAE and 6 to 8 WAE for cane and sucrose yield loss, respectively. These results show that fall panicum is competitive with sugarcane early in the season, demonstrating the need for timely early-season control to reduce negative effect on yield.
A világvárosok rangsorolása az irányító és ellenőrző funkciójuk alapján, és a formálódó új gazdasági erőközpontok
Authors: Csomós György
Published: August 2015

A világgazdaság vezető városainak azonosítása döntően két irányzat, a John Friedmann-féle világváros-hipotézis és a Saskia Sassen által jegyzett globálisváros- koncepció mentén történik. Jelentős különbség azonban a két irányzat között, hogy míg előbbi a világvárosok kijelölése szempontjából a hagyományos termelést végző multinacionális vállalatok székhelyválasztását tartja döntő fontosságúnak, addig utóbbi azokat a városokat tekinti globális városnak, amelyekben a pénzügyi szervezetek, illetve a posztindusztriális világcégek minél nagyobb mértékben koncentrálódnak. Mivel napjainkban inkább a globális város megközelítése nyert teret, a multinacionális vállalatok szerepe a vezető városok kijelölése szempontjából leértékelődött. Megfigyelhető azonban egy újonnan kibontakozó tendencia: bár a nemzetközi pénzpiacokat évtizedek óta változatlanul mindössze néhány globális város (New York, London, Tokió, Párizs) ellenőrzi, a feltörekvő gazdaságok vezető városai egyre hatalmasabb vállalatokkal képviseltetik magukat a világgazdaságban, és a piacszerzés érdekében egyre kiélezettebb versenyre kényszerítik a fejlett világból származó társaikat. A felszín alatt a hagyományos termelésorientált világgazdaság intenzíven változik, irányításában pedig jellemző földrajzi elmozdulások mutathatók ki.Az elemzés első felében a vezető gazdasági központokat rangsorolom irányító és ellenőrző funkciójuk alapján 2006-ben és 2014-ben, az elemzés második felében pedig a világgazdaság egyre erősödő regionális központjait mutatom be.
Külföldi idénymunkások a magyar agrárgazdaságban
Authors: Hamar Anna
Published: August 2015

A tanulmány egy folyamatban lévő OTKA-kutatás keretében elemzi az agrárfoglalkoztatás szerkezetében végbement változások kapcsolatát a nemzetközi migrációs folyamattal, a külföldi idénymunkások szerepvállalását a magyar mezőgazdaságban. A tanulmány bemutatja a migráns mezőgazdasági idénymunkások számában és összetételében végbement változás folyamatát, munkavállalásuk térbeli jellegzetességét és a kapitalizmuskori munkaszervezési formákkal együtt újraéledő termelői hálózatokat, valamint a munkavállaló és foglalkoztató között kialakult kapcsolat sajátos formáit.Az agrárium strukturális átalakulása, az üzemek számának és munkaerőigényének ugrásszerű növekedése az idénymunka piacának kialakulásához, új munkavállalói csoportok megjelenéséhez és a hagyományos munkaszervezési formák újraéledéséhez, felerősödéséhez vezetett. Az agrárfoglalkoztatás szerkezetének átalakulása egy időben zajlott a nemzetközi migráció kiterjedésével, melybe a szomszédos országok állampolgárai is bekapcsolódtak. Az olcsó bérezésű, a foglalkoztató szükségleteihez rugalmasan alkalmazkodó munkavállalók között a külföldi – döntőrészt romániai – idénymunkások megjelenése a kapcsolati hálók, a munkaszervezési formák térbeli, országhatárt átlépő kiterjesztéséhez, gazdagodásához, a rendelkezésre álló munkások számának emelkedéséhez vezetett. A külföldi idénymunkások számának csökkenésével, etnikai és társadalmi összetételének változásával a migránsokat mozgató termelői hálózatok részben meggyengültek, részben differenciálódtak, de vannak olyan térségek is, ahol teljesen eltűntek. Bármennyire is látványos a külföldi munkások számának csökkenése a munkaerőhiányos térségekben, amíg a két ország között létező bér- és jövedelmi különbségek nem csökkennek, a romániai napszámosok a magyar gazdaságok munkaerő-utánpótlását biztosítják. A migráns mezőgazdasági idénymunkások heterogén csoportjai között az elmúlt másfél évtizedben végbement a foglalkoztató számára értékes munkavállalói kör kiválasztódása, melynek tagjai eltérő formában kötődnek a munkát biztosító gazdaságokhoz, termelőkhöz.
Sum Construction of Automorphic Bibds and their Applications in Experimental Designs
Authors: Duggal G.S. , Okelo N.B.
Published: August 2015

In this paper, a construction equivalent to "sum construction", of BIBDs where BIBD is added to a BIBD that is automorphic to it is presented. The result is that we can get new BIBDs by forming the collection of t-(ν,k,λt) BIBD with its automorphic BIBDs. A new recursive technique has been developed for the construction of designs. It has also clearly shown that every t-design is also a BIB (ν,k,λt) design. Therefore, this construction technique also generates BIBDs. Therefore, this note presents an alternative method that is simpler and unified for the construction of BIBDs that are very important in the experimental designs. As it provides designs for different values of k, unlike many methods that provide designs for a single value of k. Moreso, it provides both Steiner and non-Steiner designs.
A Proof of the Schinzel Conjecture
Authors: Ghanouchi Jamel
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we deal with the Schinzel conjecture.
(∈, ∈ Vq)-Interval-Valued Fuzzy Dot d-Ideals of d-Algebras
Authors: Barbhuiya S.R. , Choudhury Karabi Dutta
Published: August 2015

The concept of (∈, ∈ ∨q)-interval-valued fuzzy dot d-ideals in dalgebras is introduced. Relationship among interval-valued fuzzy dideal, interval-valued fuzzy dot d-ideal, (∈, ∈)-interval-valued fuzzy dideal,(∈, ∈)-interval-valued fuzzy dot d-ideal, and (∈, ∈ ∨q)-intervalvalued fuzzy dot d-ideals are discussed. Conditions for an intervalvalued fuzzy d-ideal to be an (∈, ∈ ∨q)-interval-valued fuzzy dot dideals are given. Some properties of interval-valued fuzzy relations and interval-valued fuzzy ideals under homomorphism are investigated.
Towards the Proof of Twin Primes Conjecture: A Modular Characterization
Authors: Gueye Ibrahima , Dieng Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba , Niass Papa Ousmane
Published: August 2015

In this paper we reduce the twin prime conjecture to a simple Euclidean division problem using the Fermat’s little theorem and Bachet-Bezout theorem.
The Question of Ambiguity in Mathematics and some of Arising from these Extraordinary Consequences (Elementary Aspect)
Authors: Tint Reuven , Gandhi K. Raja Rama , Tint Michael
Published: August 2015

This paper proposes a complete elementary without reference to other sources (except for Euler), first proof of the Fermat's Last Theorem. We resolve the question of the ambiguous expansion in the Binomial theorem, Resolved the question of the ambiguity certain infinite sequences of the Euler. Given other versions proof of FLT, We consider and solve the question of not available modern geometric representation of continuous functions without derivatives at any point.
Maximal Coupling Procedure and Stability of Continuous-Time Markov Chains
Authors: Lekgari Mokaedi V.
Published: August 2015

In this study we first investigate the stability of subsampled discrete Markov chains through the use of the maximal coupling procedure. This is an extension of the available results on Markov chains and is realized through the analysis of the subsampled chain ΦΤn, where {Τn, nєZ+}is an increasing sequence of random stopping times. Then the similar results are realized for the stability of countable-state Continuous-time Markov processes by employing the skeleton-chain method.
Centralizing and Commuting Left Generalized Derivations on Prime Rings
Authors: Subba Reddy C. Jaya , Mallikarjuna Rao S. , Vijaya Kumar V.
Published: August 2015

Let R be a prime ring and d a derivation on R. If is a left generalized derivation on R such that ƒ is centralizing on a left ideal U of R, then R is commutative.
Graceful Labeling for Disconnected Grid Related Graphs
Authors: Kaneria V.J. , Makadia H.M. , Viradia R.V.
Published: August 2015

In this paper we have proved that union of three grid graphs, U3l=1(Pnl×Pml)and union of finite copies of a grid graph (Pn×Pm)are graceful. We have also given two graceful labeling functions to the grid graph (Pn×Pm).
Common Fixed Point Theorem in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Metric Spaces Satisfying Integral Type Inequality
Authors: Singh Varun , Gupta Arvind , Modi Geeta
Published: August 2015

We prove common fixed point theorem for weakly compatible maps in Intuitionistic fuzzy metric space satisfying integral type inequality but without using the completeness of space or continuity of the mappings involved. We prove by using the concept of E.A property.
Numerical Solution of Fisher’s Equation Using Finite Difference
Authors: Ali Alhazmi Sharefa Eisa
Published: August 2015

A numerical method is proposed to approximate the numeric solutions of nonlinear Fisher’s reaction diffusion equation with finite difference method. The method is based on replacing each terms in the Fisher’s equation using finite difference method. The proposed method has the advantage of reducing the problem to a nonlinear system, which will be derived and solved using Newton method. FTCS and CN method will be introduced, compared and tested.
The Amazing Proof of the Erdős-Straus Conjecture
Authors: Guła Leszek W.
Published: August 2015

In this paper we present the proof of The Erdős-Straus Conjecture.
Fixed Point Theorems for Compatible Mappings of Type (R) in Menger Spaces
Authors: Singh Oinam Budhichandra , Leenthoi N. , Devi Th. Indubala
Published: August 2015

The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of weak compatible mappings of type (R) in menger spaces and to prove a fixed point theorem for compatible mappings of type (R) in menger spaces.
Estimation in Mixtures: The Rectangular Case
Authors: Lavanya G. , Hara Gopal V.V. , Narahari Pandit S.N.
Published: August 2015

In this paper we consider the mixture of two Rectangular Distributions. Methods used for estimating the parameters are (i) Moment ratio method (ii) Extreme value estimation (b), this problem has been addressed to some extent by Pavan Kumar (2003), in the context of obtaining stopping rule to estimate population minimum in sampling with replacement from a finite population. Extreme value estimate (b) method relatively better than moment ratio method, based on simulation, the percentage of acceptable estimators obtained in samples.
A Simple Approach for Finding a Fair Solution to Multiobjective Programming Problems
Authors: Pandian P.
Published: August 2015

A new approach, namely sum of objectives (SO) method is proposed to finding a fair solution to multi-objective programming problems. The proposed method is very simple, easy to use and understand and also, common approaches. It is illustrated with the help of numerical examples. The fair solution serves more better than efficient solution for decision makers when they are handling multiple objective decision making problems.
Propagation of Solitary Waves in Warm Magnetized Plasma with Two Temperature Electrons
Authors: Devi Nirupama , Kalita Latika
Published: August 2015

Nonlinear wave structure of ion acoustic disturbances is investigated in magnetized plasma consisting of warm ions and two electron components, namely hot and cold. The basic set of fluid equations for the flow variables is reduced to a single equation known as Sagdeev Potential (SP) equation using non perturbative approach. The properties of solitary wave structures are studied by pseudo potential method, which is valid for arbitrary amplitude. The amplitude of the solitary waves and the depth of the potential well are found to decrease with the increase of the direction-cosine of the wave propagation. The ranges of temperature ratios (ion to electrons) for the existence of solitary waves and their effects on the plasma medium are studied in detail and presented graphically fordifferent sets of plasma parameters.
Locally Finite Functional Polyadic Algebra with Terms
Authors: Alzubaidy Kahtan H. , Bennour Nabila M.
Published: August 2015

In 1956 P.R.Halmos [3] introduced polyadic algebra to express first order logic algebraically. In this work we extend polyadic algebra to include terms as
The Last Theorem of Fermat for n=3
Authors: Fragnito Nicola
Published: August 2015

In this paper on FLT, one solves the case n=3 in elementary way, extensible to n odd. The author works only through the sole factorization in factors and with the proceeding for absurd, that is if x, y, z are prime among them, under the hypothesis that (x, y, z) are a solution, one obtains that the first and the second term of an equivalent relation are odd (the first) and even (the second).
Ranking and Selection Procedure for Gini Index
Authors: Kohne Rooz Saeed Baghban , Moradi Mohammad , Khamnei Hossein Jabbari
Published: August 2015

Gini index, which is derived from the Lorenz curve of income inequality and shows income inequality in different populations, can be applied to ranking and selectionpopulations. Many procedures are available for ordering and ranking income distributions where the ordering is not linear. However, the researchers often are not interested in ordering the populations but selecting the best (or worst) of available populations indicating a lower (or higher) level of disparities in incomes within the population. Madhuri S. Mulekar (2005) discussed the estimation of overlap ofincome distributions and selection in terms of Gini Measure of income inequality. In this paper, we simulate populations ranking and selection based on Gini index of income inequality for case that the variances are equal but known in income distributions and for case that the variances are unequal but known in income distributions.
3G Networks: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Kumar Arun
Published: August 2015

Several applications of practical interest stem fromthe capability to monitor and store packet-level traces in a 3Gnetwork. Among them, the possibility to infer andlocatenetwork problems (e.g. persistent shortage of capacity,or equipment misfunctioning), in the core and radio sections,without direct access to the equipments. This approach yieldsstrong practical benefits, given the costs and complexity ofaccessing network equipments, especially in the Radio AccessNetwork. At the same time, it exposes practical issues - e.g. theneed to dynamically locate the traffic sources (Mobile Stations)- and theoretical problems - e.g. inferring congested cells fromRouting-Area level TCP measurements. We report on our work-in-progress aimed at implementing such mechanisms on top ofan advanced monitoring system now deployed in anoperational network.
Distribution of Prime Numbers Fundamental Theorem
Authors: Liu Dan
Published: August 2015

In 1849, the German mathematician Gauss large average distribution density of primesnear x. Based on the density of the Gauss proposed regional distribution of prime numbers theorem.And regional distribution of prime numbers theorem proved easy to understand way. Thefundamental theorem to obtain the distribution of prime numbers. Thus proving that a new primenumber theorem. Therefore gives the details of the calculation.
A New Hilbert-Type Integral Inequality with the Homogeneous Kernel of Real Degree Form and the Integral in Whole Plane
Authors: Xie Zi Tian , Gandhi K. Raja Rama , Zheng Zeng
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we build a new Hilbert's inequality with the homogeneous kernel of real order and the integral in whole plane. The equivalent inequality is considered. The best constant factor is calculated using ψ function.
On J*-Class of П*-Regular Semigroups
Authors: Luo Xiao Qiang
Published: August 2015

In the paper, we define the equivalence relations on П*-regulur semigroups, to show J*-class contains an idempotent with some characterizations.
On Andrica’s Conjecture, Cramér’s Conjecture, Gaps between Primes and Jacobi Theta Functions I
Authors: Gandhi Raja Rama , Guedes Edigles
Published: August 2015

The main objective of this paper is to develop upper and lower bound for the Andrica conjecture, gaps between primes, using Jacobi elliptic functions.
The Real Primes and the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Ghanouchi Jamel
Published: August 2015

In this document, we deal with the concept of real prime number together with the Riemann hypothesis to the real numbers. Thus, we highlight the new hypothesis by a calculus of integral.
A Proof of Beal’s Conjecture
Authors: Ghanouchi Jamel
Published: August 2015

More than one century after its formulation by the Belgian mathematician Eugene Catalan, Preda Mihailescu has solved the open problem. But, is it all ? Mihailescu's solution utilizes computation on machines, we propose here not really a proof of Catalan theorem as it is entended classically, but a resolution of an equation like the resolution of the polynomial equations of third and fourth degrees. This solution is totally algebraic and does not utilize, of course, computers or any kind of calculation. We generalize our approach to Beal equation and discuss the solutions. (Keywords: Diophantine equations, Catalan, Fermat-Catalan, Conjectures, Proofs, Algebraic resolution).
The Proof of the Insolubility in Natural Numbers for n>2, the Fermat's Last Theorem and Beal's Conjecture for Co-Prime Integers Arranged in a Pair A, B, D in the Equations An+Bn=Dn and An+By=Dz (Elementary Aspect)
Authors: Gandhi K. Raja Rama , Tint Reuven
Published: August 2015

We give the corresponding identities for different solutions of the equations: aAx+bBx=cDx [1] and aAx+bBy=cDz [2]: As for coprime integers a, b, c, A, B, D and arbitrary positive integers x, y, z further, for not coprime integers, if A0x0+B0x0=D0xo [3] and A0x0+B0yo=D0z0 [4], where x0, y0, z0, A0, B0, D0 - are any solutions in positive integers.
Proof of Beal's Conjecture
Authors: Gandhi K. Raja Rama , Tint Reuven
Published: August 2015

We give the complete proof of Beal’s conjecture.
On the Complete Elliptic Integrals and Babylonian Identity I: The 1/Π Formulaes Involving Gamma Functions and Summations
Authors: Guedes Edigles , Gandhi Raja Rama
Published: August 2015

We evaluate the constant 1/Π using the Babylonian identity and complete elliptic integral of first kind. This resulted in two representations in terms of the Euler’s gamma functions and summations.
On the Complete Elliptic Integrals and Babylonian Identity II: An Approximation for the Complete Elliptic Integral of the First Kind
Authors: Guedes Edigles , Gandhi Raja Rama
Published: August 2015

Using the Theorem 4 of previous paper, I evaluate the complete elliptic integral of the first kind in approximate analytical closed form, by means of Bessel functions.
Schrödinger Equation via WKB
Authors: Marin A.M. , Ortiz R.D. , Rodriguez J.A.
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this paper is to construct the asymptotic for natural frequencies of the Schrödinger equation using the method of Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB).
Exploring Prime Numbers and Modular Functions I: On the Exponential of Prime Number via Dedekind Eta Function
Authors: Guedes Edigles , Gandhi Raja Rama
Published: August 2015

The main objective this paper is to develop asymptotic formulas for the exponential of prime number, using Dedekind eta function, and afterwards an elliptic modular function.
Exploring Prime Numbers and Modular Functions II: On the Prime Number via Elliptic Integral Function
Authors: Guedes Edigles , Gandhi Raja Rama
Published: August 2015

The main goal this paper is to develop an asymptotic formula for the prime number, using elliptic integral function.
Exploring Prime Numbers and Modular Functions III: On the Exponential of Prime Number via Dedekind Eta Function
Authors: Guedes Edigles , Gandhi Raja Rama
Published: August 2015

The main objective this paper is to develop asymptotic formulas for the exponential of prime number, using Dedekind eta function.
Another Proof that the Catalan’s Constant is Irrational
Authors: Guedes Edigles , Gandhi K. Raja Rama
Published: August 2015

We use the contradiction method for prove, again, that the Catalan’s constant is irrational.
Rotational Pertubation of Masive Scalar Field Universes
Authors: Singh Naorem Jugeshwor
Published: August 2015

In this course of presentation, we will consider the rotational perturbation of the Robertson-Walker universe will be examined in order to substantiate the possibility of the existence of Massive scalar field. We will study, the exact solutions for metric rotation Ω( r,t ) and the matter rotation w ( r,t ) under different conditions, and also study their nature and role from different angles.
Three Integral Representations for the Trigamma Function and Some Special Identities
Authors: Guedes Edigles , Gandhi K. Raja Rama
Published: August 2015

We proved three new integral representations for the trigamma function.
f(R) View of Lyttleton-Bondi Cosmological Model in Peres Spacetime
Authors: Pandey S.N. , Shukla Sacheendra
Published: August 2015

Over the last few years, among various alternatives to the Einstein theory of gravity, especially f(R) theories of gravity have received more importance due to number of interesting results in cosmology and astrophysics. Pandey [10] gave an f(R) theory of gravity to obtain conformally invariant gravitational waves in which field equations have the form given by (3). In this paper we have investigated Lyttleton Bondi Cosmological model in view of field equations of f(R) theory of gravity for Generalized Peres spacetime and finally a wave like solution is obtained.
Conjugate Solutions of Navier-Stokes Equation with Deformed Pore Structure
Authors: Popkov V.I. , Astafiev V.I. , Shakshin V.P. , Zatsepina S.V.
Published: August 2015

Within the framework of block self-organizing of geological bodies with use of deformation theory the mathematical solution of a problem for effective final speed is proposed. The analytical and numerical integrated solutions of Navier-Stokes equation for deformable porous space were obtained. The decisions of multi-scaled regional problems «on a flow basis» were also presented: from lithology of rock space - to a well and from a well - to petro-physics. The evolutionary transformation of the linear solution of the equation on mass conservation up to the energetically stable non-linear solution of the equation on preserving the number of movements is also offered. Basing upon the analytical solution of Navier-Stokes equation and model of A.N. Kolmogorov we have obtained the energy model of turbulence pulsing controlled chaos, conjugated with risk stability of average well inflow and cluster structure of Earth defluidization.
Real Dynamics of Family of Functions λxex/(ex-1) for Positive λ
Authors: Sajid Mohammad
Published: August 2015

In this paper, the real dynamics of one parameter family of functions hλ(x)=λxex(ex-1), λ>0 is investigated. It is shown that the real fixed point of hλ(x) exists only for 0<λ<1 which is attracting and there is no real fixed point for λ>1 It is found that the whole real line converges to real attracting fixed point of hλ(x) for 0<λ<1.
Tripled Fixed Point Theorems in Partially Ordered Spaces Using a Control Function
Authors: Savitri  , Hooda Nawneet
Published: August 2015

In this paper, We prove some new tripled fixed point theorems using a control function which is also referred to as altering distance function.
Locating Equitable Domination and Independence Subdivision Numbers of Graphs
Authors: Sumathi P. , Alarmelumangai G.
Published: August 2015

Let G = (V,E) be a simple, undirected, finite nontrivial graph. A non empty set DV of vertices in a graph G is a dominating set if every vertex in V-D is adjacent to some vertex in D. The domination number (G) is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set of G. A dominating set D is a locating equitable dominating set of G if for any two vertices u,wєV-D, N(u)∩D ≠ N(w)∩D, |N(u)∩D| ≠ |N(w)∩D|. The locating equitable domination number of G is the minimum cardinality of a locating equitable dominating set of G. The locating equitable domination subdivision number of G is the minimum number of edges that must be subdivided (where each edge in G can be subdivided at most once) in order to increase the locating equitable domination number and is denoted by sdγle(G). The independence subdivision number sdβle(G) to equal the minimum number of edges that must be subdivided in order to increase the independence number. In this paper, we establish bounds on sdγle(G) and sdβle(G) for some families of graphs.
A Delay Differential Equation Model of HIV Infection, with Therapy and CTL Response
Authors: El Boukari B. , Yousﬁ N.
Published: August 2015

In this work we investigate a new mathematical model that describes the interactions betweenCD4+ T cells, human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV), immune response and therapy with two drugs.Also an intracellular delay is incorporated into the model to express the lag between the time thevirus contacts a target cell and the time the cell becomes actively infected. The model dynamicsis completely deﬁned by the basic reproduction number R0. If R0 ≤ 1 the disease-free equilibriumis globally asymptotically stable, and if R0 > 1, two endemic steady states exist, and their localstability depends on value of R0. We show that the intracellular delay aﬀects on value of R0 becausea larger intracellular delay can reduce the value of R0 to below one. Finally, numerical simulationsare presented to illustrate our theoretical results.
Generalization of Pythagorean Triplets, Quadruple
Authors: Gandhi K. Raja Rama , Murty D. Narasimha
Published: August 2015

The method of computing Pythagorean triples is well known. All though the classical formulas produce all primitive triples, which do not generate all possible triples, specially non-primitive triples. This paper presents a novel approach to produce all likely triples both primitive and non-primitive, Quadruple for any extent.
Existence of Poluet Numbers in Square Form
Authors: Murty D. Narasimha , Gandhi K. Raja Rama
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we will introduce theorem, which will generate Fermat Pseudo primes in different base system. Also, by fixing base-2, we find first poulet number and we show the first square type poulet number by suitable example and theorem.
On Fuzzy Orders and Metrics
Authors: Nikumbh Vinayak E.
Published: August 2015

In this paper we present results regarding fixed point theory using notion of fuzzy orders.We propose anapproach based on quasi metrics which in a way unifies the fixed point theory for ordered sets and metric spaces.
Observations on the Ternary Quadratic Equation X2=24α2+Y2
Authors: Gopalan M.A. , Sangeetha V. , Somanath Manju
Published: August 2015

The Ternary Quadratic Equation X2=24α2+Y2 is Considered.Employing its Non-Zero Integral Solutions, Relations among a few Special Polygonal Numbers are Determined.
On âg Connected Spaces
Authors: Senthilkumaran V. , Krishnakumar R. , Palaniappan Y.
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we define âg connected spaces and derive some of its properties.
Lanczos Approach to Noether’s Theorem
Authors: Lam-Estrada P. , Lopez-Bonilla José Luis , López-Vázquez R.
Published: August 2015

If the action A=∫t1t2L(q,q,t)dt is invariant under the infinitesimal transformation t˜=t+ετ(q,t), q˜=qr+εζr(q,t), r-1,...,n with ε=constant≤1, then the Noether’s theorem permits to construct the corresponding conserved quantity. The Lanczos method accepts that ε=qn+1 is a new degree of freedom, thus the Euler-Lagrange equation for this new variable gives the Noether’s constant of motion.
Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Caltenco J.H. , Lopez-Bonilla José Luis , Carvajal-Gámez B.E. , Lam-Estrada P.
Published: August 2015

We study the SVD of an arbitrary matrix Anxm, especially its subspaces of activation, which leads in natural manner to pseudoinverse of Moore-Bjenhammar-Penrose. Besides, we analyze the compatibility of linear systems and the uniqueness of the corresponding solution, and our approach gives the Lanczos classification for these systems.
Rotations in Minkowski Spacetime
Authors: Guerrero-Moreno I. , Leija-Hernández G. , Lopez-Bonilla José Luis
Published: August 2015

With the relation of Olinde Rodrigues-Cartan is obtained an expression for the Lorentz matrix, and it is transformed to a better form for the Newman-Penrose formalism, thus it is possible to realize rotations of the null tetrad of NP.
Proof of Four Color Map Theorem by Using PRN of Graph
Authors: Bhapkar H.R. , Salunke J.N.
Published: August 2015

This paper intends to study the relation between PRN and chromatic number of planar graphs. In this regard we investigate that isomorphic or 1 isomorphic graph may or may not have equal PRN and few other related results. Precisely, we give simple proof of Four Color Map Theorem.
Beal Conjecture
Authors: Stanojevic Slobodan
Published: August 2015

Beal Conjecture was formulated in 1997 and presented as a generalization of Fermat's Last Theorem, within the field of number theory.
Numerical Solution of Boole’s Rule in Numerical Integration by Using General Quadrature Formula
Authors: Ubale P.V.
Published: August 2015

We have seen that definite integrals arise in many different areas and that the fundamental theorem of calculus is a powerful tool for evaluating definite integrals. This paper describes classical quadrature method for the numerical solution of Boole’s rule in numerical integration.
A Mixed Quadrature Rule by Blending Clenshaw-Curtis and Gauss-Legendre Quadrature Rules for Approximate Evaluation of Real Definite Integrals
Authors: Pati Anasuya , Dash Rajani B. , Patra Pritikanta
Published: August 2015

A mixed quadrature rule blending Clenshaw-Curtis five point rule and Gauss-Legendre three point rule is formed. The mixed rule has been tested and found to be more effective than that of its constituent Clenshaw-Curtis five point rule.
Analytical Solutions for Navier-Stokes Equations in the Cylindrical Coordinates
Authors: Adanhounme V. , Adomou A. , Codo F.P.
Published: August 2015

We consider the problem of convective heat transport in the incompressible fluid flow and the motion of the fluid in the cylinder which is described by the Navier-Stokes equations with the heat equation.The exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations, the temperature field and the vorticity vector are obtained.
Rayleigh-Bѐnard Convection in a Second-Order Fluid with Maxwell-Cattaneo Law
Authors: Nagouda Smita Saklesh , Pranesh Subbarama
Published: August 2015

The objective of the paper is to study the Rayleigh-Bѐnard convection in second order fluid by replacing the classical Fourier heat law by non-classical Maxwell-Cattaneo law using Galerkin technique. The eigen value of the problem is obtained using the general boundary conditions on velocity and third type of boundary conditions on temperature. A linear stability analysis is performed. The influence of various parameters on the onset of convection has been analyzed. The classical Fourier flux law over predicts the critical Rayleigh number compared to that predicted by the non-classical law. The present non-classical Maxwell-Cattaneo heat flux law involves a wave type heat transport (SECOND SOUND) and does not suffer from the physically unacceptable drawback of infinite heat propagation speed. It is found that the results are noteworthy at short times and the critical eigen values are less than the classical ones. Over stability is the preferred mode of convection.
The Frenet Vector Fields and the Curvatures of the Natural Lift Curve
Authors: Ergün Evren , Bilici Mustafa , Çalişkan Mustafa
Published: August 2015

In this paper, Frenet vector fields, curvature and torsion of the natural lift curve of a given curve is calculated by using the angle between Darboux vector field and the binormal vector field of the given curve in 3/1 . Also, a similar calculation is made in 3/1 considering timelike or spacelike Darboux vector field.
A Nonlinear Programming Approach for a Fuzzy Queue with an Unreliable Server
Authors: Kumar V. Ashok
Published: August 2015

The aim of this paper is to develop the membership functions of the system characteristic of a queuing g model with an unreliable server, in which the arrival rate, service rate, breakdown rate and repair rate are all fuzzy numbers. The α-cut approach is used to transform a fuzzy queue with an unreliable server into a family of conventional crisp queues with an unreliable server. By using membership functions, a set of parametric nonlinear programmes are developed to describe the family of crisp queues with an unreliable server. An efficient algorithm is developed to find the optimal solutions at or different possibility level α. Numerical examples are solved successfully. Since the system characteristics being expressed and governed by membership functions, more information is provided for the management.
Effects of Hall Currents and Radiation on MHD Free Convective Flow Past a Oscillating Vertical Plate with Oscillatory Plate Temperature in a Porous Medium
Authors: Sarkar Bhaskar Chandra , Das Sanatan , Jana Rabidra Nath
Published: August 2015

Combined effects of Hall currents and radiation on an unsteady MHD free convective flow past a vertical flat plate with oscillatory plate temperature in a porous medium have been studied. The governing equations are solved analytically in closed form. The results obtained are presented graphically. It is found that the Hall currents accelerate the fluid velocity components whereas the radiation has a tendency to retard the fluid velocity components. Porosity of the medium has a tendency to enhance the fluid velocity components. Hall currents reduce the amplitude of the shear stress at the plate due to the unsteady primary flow whereas they increase the amplitude of the shear stress at the plate due to the unsteady secondary flow. Further, the rate of heat transfer at the plate due to unsteady flow increases with an increase in either radiation parameter or Prandtl number or frequency parameter.
The Last Theorem of Pierre de Fermat, In Elementary Way
Authors: Fragnito Nicola
Published: August 2015

In this paper the author works only through the factorizzation in factors, with the proceeding for absurd, that is if x, y, z are prime among them, under the hypothesis that the tern of integers (x, y, z) were a solution of the equation xn + yn = zn. Then he obtains that the first and the second term of an equivalent relation are odd (the first) and even (the second). Three cases are separated: 1) n is power of 2; 2) n is odd; 3) n is product of a power of 2 for an odd number. For a better understanding also the Pythagorean set of three numbers is reported.
A Hilbert-Type Integral Inequality with the Homogeneous Kernel of Degree-3 and a Best Constant Factor
Authors: Xie Zi Tian , Zheng Zeng
Published: August 2015

By establishing the weight function, we present a new Hilbert-type inequality with the integral in whole plane and with a best constant factor, and its kernel is a homogeneous form of degree-3, and also we put forward its equivalent form.
On Degree of Approximation by Product Means of Conjugate Series of a Fourier Series
Authors: Paikray S.K. , Jati R.K. , Sahoo N.C. , Misra U.K.
Published: August 2015

In this paper a theorem on degree of approximation of a function f ∈ Lip(α, r) by product summability (E, q)(N, pn) of conjugate series of Fourier series associated with f has been established.
Modelling and Forecasting Vehicle Registration System: An Arma Approach
Authors: Agunbiade Dawud Adebayo , Peter E.N.
Published: August 2015

The role of transportation in the promotion of national unity and socio-economic integration in Nigeria cannot be overemphasized. Transport stimulates asense of oneness multi understanding in the cultural diversification of the mostpopulous nation in the sub Sahara of African Continent. it is therefore of interest tostudy using the Autoregressive Moving Average, the transportation system in Nigeriausing Lagos State (being the commercial centre) and also maintains a robust data basethrough the AUTOREG System as a case study by modeling and forecasting theVehicle registration system in terms of types and ownership. The result of theAutoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) approach indicated that there is tendencyfor an increase in the registration of Vehicles in the future. It is therefore suggested that to accommodate an increase in the number of Vehiclesregistration, a robust Vehicle database should be designed across the country forsecurity, research and adequate planning; and Nigerian government at all levels shouldstrive to provide adequate and reliable road network system to meet this emergingdevelopmental activities among others.
A Note on Convex Programming in Practical Problems
Authors: Osinuga Idowu Ademola , Agunbiade Dawud Adebayo
Published: August 2015

In recent years, convex programming has become a sophisticated tool ofcentral importance in engineering, finance, operations research, statistics etc. The goalof this paper is to emphasize modeling and present several convex programmingproblem formulations especially in optimal design and location theory. We buildsimple models to address this question, investigate their properties and apply a variantof the Weierstrass theorem to prove the existence of a solution. Our results extend andimprove some other comparable results of the author [2,8,20,21,22,23,24,25].
Embedding Sun Graphs in a Single Page
Authors: Banukumar Mahavir
Published: August 2015

A book consists of a line in the 3-dimensional space, called the spine, and a number of pages, each a half-plane with the spine as boundary. A book embedding (p, r) of a graph consists of a linear ordering of p, of vertices, called the spine ordering, along the spine of a book and an assignment r, of edges to pages so that edges assigned to the same page can be drawn on that page without crossing. That is, we cannot find vertices u, v, x, y with p(u) < p(x) < p(v) < p(y), yet the edges uv and xy are assigned to the same page, that is r(uv) = r(xy). The book thickness or page number of a graph G is the minimum number of pages in required to embed G in a book. In this paper we consider the Sun Graph or the Trampoline graph and obtain the printing cycle for embedding the Sun Graph in a single page. We also give a linear time algorithm for such an embedding.
An Embedding Algorithm for a Specialcase of Extended Grids
Authors: Banukumar Mahavir
Published: August 2015

A book consists of a line in the 3-dimensional space, called the spine, and a number of pages, each a half-plane with the spine as boundary. A book embedding (π,ρ) of a graph consists of a linear ordering of π, of vertices, called the spine ordering, along the spine of a book and an assignment ρ, of edges to pages so that edges assigned to the same page can be drawn on that page without crossing. That is, we cannot find vertices u, v, x, y with π(u) < π(x) < π(v) < π(y), yet the edges uv and xy are assigned to the same page, that is ρ(uv) = ρ(xy). The book thickness or page number of a graph G is the minimum number of pages in required to embed G in a book. In this paper we consider the extended grid and prove that the 1xn extended grid can be embedded in two pages. We also give a linear time algorithm to embed the 1xn extended grid in two pages.
Twin Primes and Sophie Germain’s Prime Numbers
Authors: Gueye Ibrahima
Published: August 2015

For two millennia, the prime numbers have continued to fascinate mathematicians. Indeed, a conjecture which dates back to this period states that the number of twin primes is infinite. In 1949 Clement showed a theorem on twin primes. In a recent article, I prooved a corollary of Clement’s theorem [1]. In this paper, I will proove shortly the link between twin primes and Sophie Germain’s prime numbers.
A New Hilbert-Type Integral Inequality with the Homogeneous Kernel of Real Degree Form and the Integral in Whole Plane
Authors: Xie Zi Tian , Gandhi K. Raja Rama , Zheng Zeng
Published: August 2015

In this paper,we build a new Hilbert's inequality with the homogeneous kernel of real order and the integral in whole plane. The equivalent inequality is considered. The best constant factor is calculated using ψ function.
Twist Periodic Orbits for Continuous Maps of the Eight Space
Authors: Al-Shraa Iftichar Mudhar Talb
Published: August 2015

Let g be a continuous map from 8 to itself has a fixed point at (0,0), we prove that g has a twist periodic orbit if there is a rational rotation number.
An Elegant Proof that the Catalan’s Constant is Irrational
Authors: Guedes Edigles , Gandhi Raja Rama
Published: August 2015

We use the contradiction method for prove that the Catalan’s constant is irrational.
Notes on Bipolar-Valued Fuzzy Subgroups of a Group
Authors: Anitha M.S. , Muruganantha Prasad K.L. , Arjunan K.
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we study some of the properties of bipolar-valued fuzzy subgroup and prove some results on these.
The Pythagorean Triples Whose Hypotenuse and the Sums of the Legs are Squares
Authors: Gandhi K. Raja Rama , Tint Reuven
Published: August 2015

More than 370 years ago the famous French mathematician Pierre de Fermat proposed to solve the following problem: to find a Pythagorean triples whose hypotenuse and the sum of the legs were squares, which, despite its simplicity, has been very difficult. Problems associated with its solution involved many mathematicians such as (Leonhard Euler, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Ljnggren, Wacław Sierpiński and etc.) But in the end it did not reach solution. In our article, solution communicated to obtain the equations giving the required values all elements of the Pythagorean triples in positive integers (natural) are co-prime integers, and provides a second solution of thisproblem (the values of x, y, z of 45 digits), and some consequences.
The Methods of Solving Equations Ax+By=Cz with Co-Prime A, B, C, where x≥2,y≥2,x≥2 Are Natural Numbers, Equal the Two only in one of the Three Possible Cases - The Proof of Catalan's Conjecture
Authors: Gandhi K. Raja Rama , Tint Reuven , Tint Michael
Published: August 2015

One of the principal problems of the Beal's conjecture, as we see that, is methods for finding a pairwise coprime solution which is defined below. First found methods and identities, allowing receiving infinite number solutions of equations as Ax+By=Cz for co-prime integers arranged in a pair (A,B,C)=1 are natural (whole) numbers, where a fixed permutation (x,y,z)corresponds to each of the permutations (2,3,4), (2,4,3), (4,3,2) Here we obtain also our method and identities of all not recurrent and not co-prime solutions of the above type, part of which has already been published, in contrast to the method of obtaining the recurrence not co-prime solutions of this type from [(1), W. Sierpiński, p. 21-25, 63]. As the solution of the main problem appeared additional problems that solved by obtained appropriate identities. Given as two equal proofs of Catalan's Conjecture.
An Investigation on the Beta Function III: Explicit Evaluation of the Harmonic Number H3/2
Authors: Guedes Edigles , Gandhi K. Raja Rama
Published: August 2015

In previous paper, we developed new versions of the Euler beta function, which given a closed form for the harmonic number H3/2.
The Metric outside a Fixed Charged Body in the Covariant Theory of Gravitation
Authors: Fedosin Sergey G.
Published: August 2015

The metric outside a charged body is calculated. As part of the given approach it is shown that the gravitational and electromagnetic fields are equally involved in the formation of the metric tensor components. Andthe contribution of fields in the metric is proportional to the energy of these fields. From equations for the metric it follows that the metric tensor components are determined up to two constants.
On Resolving the Crisis in Particle Physics Associated with the Fall of Supersymmetry
Authors: Krasnoholovets Volodymyr
Published: August 2015

Classical mechanics of a particle was gradually complicated and expanded by adding new and new attributes, which finally brought to the situation that in principle cannot be verified experimentally. Here, a possible scenario for the further development of particle physics is suggested, which is based on a deterministic submicroscopic concept that has been developing by the author.
On Asymptotic Behavior of the Time-Dependent Solution of a Reliability Model
Authors: Gupur Geni
Published: August 2015

On the basis of our previous work we study asymptotic behavior of the time-dependent solution of a reliability model of two identical units and a repairman and prove the following result: If the repair rate μ(x) is Lipschitz continuous and there exist two positive constants μ and μ such that 0 < μ ≤μ(x)≤ μ < ∞, then its time-dependent solution exponentially converges to its steady-state solution.
A New Approach of the Concept of Prime Number
Authors: Ghanouchi Jamel
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we generalize the concept of prime number and define the real primes. It allows to apply the new concept to cryptology.