bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of outdoor background ionizing radiation level around radiological sections in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe State Nigeria
Authors: Abiodun Ibrahim Olanrewaju  , Muhammad Nuruddeen Abdulkareem  , Isiaka Onaolapo Raheem
Published: August 2023

This study presents the results of ambient radioactive radiation, radiation health hazard indices and excess lifetime cancer risk estimation around radiological sections in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria using a well calibrated Rados-200 meters and a Global Positioning System (Garmin 765). The mean annual outdoor equivalent dose of 0.078 mSv/y. was measured. Mean annual outdoor effective doses of 0.1358 mSv/y. and 0.0950 mSv/y. were computed respectively, that were less than 1 mSv/y. maximum recommended limit for general public. The mean outdoor ELCR values of 0.3330 x10-3 was also estimated. The results though below the world’s average, are comparable with those of some other locations similar to the study area.
Leuit and the Food Preservation System During the Pandemic as a Form of Local Wisdom of the Indigenous People of Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi Cisolok Sukabumi West Java
Authors: Firmansyah Eka Kurnia , Sunarni Nani , Maulia Lia
Published: August 2023

This research discusses the system of food storage during the pandemic through rice storage in Leuit in the community of Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi Village, Cisolok District, Sukabumi Regency, also examines what tools, times and types are used to carry out the belief rituals they use in food storage, especially during the Seren Taun traditional ceremony.

This research discusses how the food storage system during the pandemic through rice storage in Leuit in the community of Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi Village, Cisolok District, Sukabumi Regency, also examines what tools, times and types are used to carry out the belief rituals they use in food storage, especially during the Seren Taun traditional ceremony.

The results of this research can be described as a stable food storage system for hundreds of years, namely from the time of the ancestors until now and it was found what moral values are contained in the implementation of religious rituals or beliefs that they believe in. Another benefit of this research is that the community and local governments are expected to be able to provide information input and become one of the reference discourses in the food preservation system and the preservation of the inventory of cultural heritage of the community, especially the Sundanese in the southern West Java region
Romolo-Quirino in Enn. ann. 100 Skutsch
Authors: Feraco Fabrizio
Published: August 2023

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that Quirinus in Enn. ann. 100 Skutsch is to be identified with Romulus. In addition to the comparison with Ov. met. 14.849 ss., new arguments are presented: the comparison with Liv. 1.16.6 and the use of the verb venerari, which is connected etymologically with Venus, who is a deity related to Romulus and the origins of Rome.
Ciceronian Elements in Virgil: The Incipit of the First Bucolic
Authors: Boldrer Francesca
Published: August 2023

The article aims to highlight the presence of several Ciceronian elements in the first verse of Virgil’s first bucolic. These are lexical, thematic and phonic references, which hardly seem random. Virgil therefore shows a careful reading of Cicero’s works both in prose and poetry, with intentional allusions, and a literary and spiritual closeness to him.
Giusto Traina, Anne Vial-Logeay. L’inventaire du monde de Pline l’Ancien. Des colonnes d’Hercule aux confins de l’Afrique et de l’Asie
Authors: Visonà Lucia
Published: August 2023

Recensione di Traina, G.; Vial-Logeay, A. (éds) (2022). L’inventaire du monde de Pline l’Ancien. Des colonnes d’Hercule aux confins de l’Afrique et de l’Asie. Bordeaux: Ausonius Éditions, 187 pp.
İŞ YAŞAM DENGESİ VE İŞ MOTİVASYONU ALGISINI DEĞİŞTİREN BİR OLGU OLARAK KENDİ İŞİNDE ÇALIŞMAK
Authors: BARAN Selma , ŞENER Emine
Published: August 2023

İş yaşam dengesi ve iş motivasyonu günümüz çalışma koşullarında meydana gelen değişimlere bağlı olarak daha fazla tartışılır hale gelmiştir. Kişilerin hem işten hem de yaşamdan doyum sağlama çabalarının da paralel olarak arttığı görülmektedir. Ancak bu çabanın da farklı olarak deneyimlendiğine dair bulgular mevcuttur. Bu açıdan bu çalışma, kişilerin ücretli çalışırken ve kendi işinde çalışırken iş yaşam dengesi ve iş motivasyonu algılarının Türkiye ölçeğinde nasıl farklılaştığını ortaya koyma açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu amaçla farklı sebeplerden dolayı ücretli işinden ayrılıp kendi işini kuran bireylerin deneyimlerini ortaya çıkarma gayesi ile nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik yöntem kullanılmıştır. Kendi işini kuran, aynı şehirde yaşayan, farklı sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren ve gönüllü katılım sağlayan toplam 10 kişiye ulaşılıp derinlemesine görüşme tekniği ile veriler toplanmıştır. Katılımcı onayları ile kayıt altına alınan görüşmeler deşifre edilerek elde edilen veriler, MAXQDA 2022 (demo) paket programına aktarılarak betimsel ve içeriksel analiz yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, kişiler ücretli işine göre kendi işinde çalışırken sorumluluğun daha fazla olmasına rağmen hissedilen iş yaşam dengesi ve iş motivasyonu algılarının daha olumlu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kendi işinde iş yaşam dengesini kurabilen katılımcının iş motivasyonu artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar dikkate alınarak örgüt ve yönetim çalışmalarına yol gösterici önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Assessment of Risperidone Toxicity in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos
Authors: Fukushima Hirla Costa Silva , Bailone Ricardo Lacava , Borra Ricardo Carneiro
Published: August 2023

Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication used in the treatment of conditions like autism and schizophrenia. The goal of the current study was to examine the effects of risperidone in zebrafish embryos ( Danio rerio ) with regard to survival, development, and cardiac and neural
systems. The results showed that concentrations above 100 μM were associated with deaths, teratogenic effects, and cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects. The findings support the utility of zebrafish for toxicological screening studies.
STATE LANGUAGE AS A FACTOR OF CONSOLIDATION OF THE UKRAINIAN NATION
(to the anniversary of the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Ensuring the Functioning Ukrainian as the state language»)
Authors: Mazuryk Danuta
Published: August 2023

At the current stage, the relevance of the topic is obvious, since the strengthening of the role of the state language is due to the complex processes of the armed struggle against the Russian aggressor, the struggle for the independence of the Ukrainian state. Language is not only a means of communication, but also the main factor of nation consolidation, as it ensures the unity, free and cultural development of the national community, stands guard over the preservation of national identity, spiritual and mental development, and therefore acts as a powerful means of strengthening national consciousness. In the state-building process, language, along with internal unifying factors, also performs an external function, which consists in distinguishing the state from other countries, in establishing the nation and the state among the multilingual community. The formation of the Ukrainian political nation requires solving the fundamental issues of the linguistic sphere, so that such a nation is based on the principles of Ukrainian national statehood. when Ukraine gained independence, the establishment of the Ukrainian language in society as the state language, as one of the main nation-building and state-building factors, became an extremely important and urgent problem, and its solution should be one of the priority tasks of the state. The modernization of Ukrainian society based on the national system of ideological coordinates is unthinkable without a state language policy, the priority of which should be the development of the Ukrainian language as a consolidating spiritual force of Ukrainian society. The Ukrainian language should provide all spheres of vital activities of the state body, it should be used by the intellectual and political strata of Ukraine. The war for sovereignty became a catalyst for a powerful wave of national, political, cultural, and civilizational self-determination for the Ukrainian people. Predominant functioning of the state language in all areas of modern Ukrainian society is a necessary condition for the preservation and strengthening of the Ukrainian state, the establishment of the Ukrainian political nation.
Key words: language functions, state language, consolidation function of the state language, level of mastery of the state language, language policy.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Materi Relasi dan Fungsi Menggunakan Model Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share
Authors: Awuy Vialin Febriani , Sulangi Victor R. , Tumalun Nicky K.
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran pada materi relasi dan fungsi dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share yang memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan metode gabungan antara metode kuantitatif dan metode kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian pengembangan ini menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dinyatakan sangat valid dengan nilai rata-rata total untuk validasi RPP yaitu 3,59 dan nilai rata-rata total untuk validasi LKPD yaitu 3,68. Dinyatakan sangat praktis berdasarkan hasil analisis angket respon siswa yang diperoleh dengan rata-rata presentase kepraktisan seluruh siswa yaitu 85,4% dan hasil presentase kepraktisan angket respon guru yang diperoleh yaitu 89,41%. Untuk keefektifan perangkat pembelajaran dapat dilihat dari hasil perhitungan uji-t dengan nilai t_tabel=1,686 dan nilai t_hitung=6,969081 karena t_hitung>t_tabel artinya tolak H_0 dan terima H_1 , maka dapat dikatakan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan perangkat pembelajaran yang telah dikembangkan lebih tinggi dari rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik yang diajarkan dengan tidak menggunakan perangkat pembelajaran yang telah dikembangkan. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis dan efektif.
Learning Obtacles for Junior High School Students on The Concept of Quadratic Equations
Authors: Islamiyah Wafa , Suryadi Didi , Prabawanto Sufyani , Gulvara M Akbar
Published: August 2023

This research aims to identify the learning obstacles faced by students in the topic of quadratic equations. The data for this study were obtained through tests and interviews. A qualitative research method with a hermeneutic phenomenology design was employed. The study involved 30 ninth-grade students from a junior high school in Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. Several learning obstacles were experienced by students in the concept of quadratic equations, namely: 1) ontogenic obstacles occur due to students' inability to grasp the concept of quadratic equations. This is caused by a mismatch between the learning or knowledge intended to be constructed by students and their thinking abilities; 2) Didactical obstacles arise from the lack of coherence in the material, both in terms of the interconnectedness of quadratic equation concepts and the continuity of the thinking process, as well as the presentation of less-detailed materials; 3) Epistemological obstacles occur because students' knowledge related to quadratic equations is limited to specific contexts only.
Berpikir Kreatif Siswa dalam Memecahkan Masalah Open-Ended pada Materi Bangun Datar SMP
Authors: Pratiwi Nursani Indah , Susiswo Susiswo , Rahardi Rustanto
Published: August 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mendeskripsikan berpikir kreatif dalam memecahkan masalah open-ended pada materi bangun datar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif pada metode kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakn di MTsN 1 Kota Malang pada kelas VII-M, dengan menyaring siswa menjadi tiga yang mewakili ketiga aspek berpikir kreatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara tes masalah open-ended bangun datar dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa ketiga subyek dengan mampu menyelesaikan masalah open-ended bangun datar dengan baik dan berbagai kemampuan siswa dalam memenuhi aspek berpikir kreatif yaitu fluency, flexibility, dan novelty. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses berpikir kreatif siswa berbeda-beda. Subjek TBS, AFS, dan ABW pada aspek fluency dapat memecahkan masalah dengan menghasilkan jawaban yang benar dan tepat yaitu memecah bangun menjadi beberapa bangun datar untuk menentukan luas bangun yang dibentuk oleh Bima. Aspek flexibility TBS dan AFS dapat memecahkan masalah dengan cara yang bervariasi yaitu membuat dua cara berbeda untuk menentukan luas bangun Bima. Subjek ABW tidak dapat memunculkan aspek flexibility. Aspek novelty hanya terlihat pada subjek TBS, dapat membuat kombinasi berbagai macam bangun dengan cara yang unik, berbeda, dan tidak biasa yaitu memunculkan bangun jajar genjang. Subjek AFS dan ABW tidak dapat memunculkan aspek novelty karena AFS dan ABW membuat kombinasi bangun datar yang biasa digunakan oleh siswa lainnya.
Efektivitas Inquiry Learning Berbantuan Media Prize Draw Game terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Hamidah Izzah Nor Cholisotul , Panduwinata Lifa Farida
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan pembelajaran inkuiri learning berbantuan media prize draw game pada mata pelajaran OTK Kepegawaian terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas XII OTKP SMKN 1 Lamongan. Penelitian ini  ialah penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain posttest only control dengan nonequivalent grups. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII Otomasi Tata Kelola Perkantoran Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023 yang berjumlah 71 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang dipakai ialah purposive sampling. “Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas control” dan model inkuiri berbantuan dengan media permainan undian berhadiah tidak efektif berdasarkan nilai signifikansi uji-t > 0,05
DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN SENTRA IKM MENGGUNAKAN DANA ALOKASI KHUSUS (DAK) TERHADAP BANYAKNYA INDUSTRI KECIL MENENGAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Maharani Ellita Rahardyan , Riyanto Riyanto
Published: August 2023

Pembangunan Sentra Industri Kecil Menengah (Sentra IKM) merupakan salah satu program kebijakan Pemerintah yang bertujuan untuk pengembangan dan penumbuhan Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM) baru serta untuk percepatan pemerataan pemerataan industri di seluruh Indonesia. Pembangunan Sentra IKM ini dilakukan menggunakan Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK) Fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak program pembangunan Sentra IKM tahun 2016-2019 terhadap peningkatan banyaknya Industri Kecil Menengah di Indonesia dengan menggunakan Data Industri Mikro Kecil, Data Industri Besar Sedang serta Data Status Operasional Sentra IKM dan menggunakan metode fixed effect difference in difference (FE-DID). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa operasional Sentra IKM di kabupaten/kota di Pulau Sulawesi, Jawa, Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, Maluku dan Papua memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap peningkatan banyaknya IKM pada jenis industri pangan, kerajinan dan alat angkut. Namun dampak tersebut berbeda pada jenis industri logam dan alat mesin pertanian di Pulau Jawa dan Sumatera akibat  adanya perbedaan kondisi wilayah dan manfaat  produktivitas  pada  masing-masing  jenis  industri.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Program Pembangunan Sentra IKM efektif dalam menumbuhkan IKM baru di luar Pulau Jawa dan Sumatera pada jenis industri padat karya
Participant Acceptability of Questionnaires Impacts Sexual Victimization Prevalence Rates
Authors: Anderson RaeAnn Elizabeth , Goodman Erica L. , Namie Emily Carstens
Published: August 2023

Obtaining accurate prevalence rates of sexual violence is made difficult by discrepancies in self-report questionnaires. Thus, the current study sought to explore participants' perceptions of acceptability (i.e., perceived difficulty and preference) as a potential mechanism of discrepancy between different questionnaires. Participants were 673 college students who completed two frequently used sexual victimization questionnaires, the Sexual Experiences Survey-Short Form Victimization (SES-SFV) and the Post-Refusal Sexual Persistence Scales-Victimization (PRSPS-V). Participants then answered questions about each measure's perceived difficulty and their preference between the two. Participants found the PRSPS-V easier to understand and preferred it 2.5 to 1 over the SES-SFV. Preference was related to reporting; participants who preferred the PRSPS-V reported more instances of sexual victimization on the PRSPS-V by 9.8%. Our results indicate that acceptability impacts reported prevalence rates and is one mechanism of discrepancy between questionnaires. Thus, researchers may wish to consider acceptability when choosing sexual victimization questionnaires.
Analisis kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air bersih di daerah latuppa kota palopo
Authors: RANDI
Published: August 2023

Naska ini merupakan proposal awal penelitian yang dilakukan di program studi teknik sipil, fakultas teknik universitas andi djemma.
The psychological link between decisions and communicative behavior based on verbal probabilities
Authors: Honda Hidehito , Matsuka Toshihiko , Ueda Kazuhiro
Published: August 2023

Verbal probability is categorized into two types in terms of directionality: positive (suggesting the occurrence of a target outcome such as “it is likely”) or negative (suggesting the nonoccurrence such as “it is quite uncertain”). Previous studies have shown that people’s decisions are affected by differences in directionality, and that they use either positive or negative expressions depending on the communicative situation. In this study, we attempt to clarify the psychological link between decisions and communicative behavior based on verbal probabilities. We proposed a quantitative model called Decision by Belief Sampling based on the Decision by Sampling model and the reference point hypothesis, and examined whether decisions and communicative behaviors could be explained with this unified model. The proposed model reveals the psychological mechanisms underlying superficially unrelated phenomena between decisions and communicative behaviors. In particular, listeners of verbal probabilities (decision-makers) infer the probabilistic beliefs held by a speaker (conveyer of information) and make decisions based on these beliefs. These inferred probabilistic beliefs are in accordance with the probabilistic beliefs of the speaker when communicating probabilistic information. These findings indicate that a decision maker infers the speaker’s probabilistic belief, and this inference is strongly related to the observed decisions. Thus, the proposed model clarifies the psychological link between decisions affected by directionality and communicative behaviors (speaker’s choice of directionality).
Contextual novelty detection and novelty-related memory enhancement in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Servais Anaïs , Barbeau Emmanuel , Bastin Christine
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Though novelty processing plays a critical role in memory function, little is known about how it influences learning in memory-impaired populations, such as amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI).Methods: 21 aMCI patients and 22 age- and education-matched healthy older participants performed two tasks— (i) an oddball paradigm where fractals that were often repeated (60% of the stimuli), less frequently repeated (20%), or novel (presented once each) were shown to assess novelty preference (longer viewing time for novel than familiar stimuli), and (ii) a Von Restorff paradigm assessing novelty-related effects on memory. Participants studied 22 lists of 10 words. Among these lists, 18 contained an isolated word different from the others by its distinctive aspect, here the font size (90-point, 120-point or 150-point against 60-point for non-isolated words). The remaining four were control lists without isolated words. After studying each list, participants freely recalled the maximum words possible.Results: For the oddball task, a group-by-stimulus type ANOVA on median viewing times revealed a significant effect of stimulus type, but not of group. Both groups spent more time on novel stimuli. For the Von Restorff task, both aMCI and healthy controls recalled the isolated words (presented in 120-point or 150-point, but not 90-point) better than others (excluding primacy and recency effects). Novelty-related memory benefit—gain factor—was computed as the difference between the recall scores for isolated and other words. A group-by-font size ANOVA on gain factors revealed no group effect, nor interaction, suggesting that aMCI patients benefited from novelty, alike controls.Conclusion: Novelty preference and the boosting effect of isolation-related novelty on subsequent recall seem preserved despite impaired episodic memory in aMCI patients. This is discussed in the light of contemporary divergent theories regarding the relationship between novelty and memory, as either being independent or parts of a continuum.
Proactive and reactive cognitive control in the absence of learning and memory confounds: Evidence from a cross-modal trial-unique Stroop task
Authors: Brosowsky Nicholaus P.
Published: August 2023

Goal-directed behaviour is typically conceptualized as striking a balance between two antagonistic cognitive control states such as proactive and reactive control, as demonstrated by conflict phenomena such as the list-wide proportion congruency and congruency sequence effects. However, control-based explanations for these phenomena have come under criticism due to low-level associative regularities that are frequently confounded with conflict manipulations within these experimental designs. In the current study, a novel Stroop paradigm referred to as the ‘trial-unique Stroop task’ was developed to examine whether these effects could be observed in the absence of low-level associative regularities. On each trial, participants typed a word they heard spoken aloud while ignoring a word visually displayed on the screen. Importantly, each word only appeared in a single trial throughout the experiment, and because stimuli and responses were never repeated, there were no low-level associative regularities across trials. Using this paradigm, I observed both congruency sequence (Experiment 1) and list-wide proportion congruency (Experiment 2) effects, providing the strongest evidence to date for control-based explanations of these phenomena. Split-half analyses revealed much higher reliability than traditional colour-word Stroop tasks for the congruency effect (rSB = .98), the congruency sequence effect (rSB = .42) and list-wide proportion congruency effect (rSB = .85). Moreover, the methodological advantages of the trial-unique Stroop task allow for the independent manipulation of task features related to control, learning, and memory processes. The promising results of this study support the application of the trial-unique Stroop task in this context and opens new avenues for future research.
Multisensory Integration and Proprioceptive Drift During Resizing Illusions
Authors: Hansford Kirralise , Baker Daniel H , McKenzie Kirsten , Preston Catherine
Published: August 2023

Bodily resizing illusions typically use visual and/or tactile inputs to produce a vivid experience of one’s body changing size. Naturalistic auditory input (input that reflects the natural sounds of a stimulus) has been used to increase illusory experience during the rubber hand illusion, whilst non-naturalistic auditory input can influence estimations of finger length. We aimed to use non-naturalistic auditory input during a hand-based resizing illusion using augmented reality, to assess whether the addition of auditory input would increase both subjective illusion strength and measures of performance-based tasks. 44 participants completed three conditions: no finger stretching, finger stretching without tactile feedback, and finger stretching with tactile feedback. Half the participants had auditory input throughout all conditions, while the other half did not. After each condition, participants were given one of three performance tasks: stimulated (right) hand dot touch task, non-stimulated (left) hand dot touch task and a ruler judgement task. Dot tasks involved participants reaching for the location of a virtual dot, whereas the ruler task concerned estimates of the participant’s own finger on a ruler whilst the hand was hidden from view. After all trials, participants completed a questionnaire capturing subjective illusion strength. The addition of auditory input increased subjective illusion strength for manipulations without tactile feedback but not those with tactile feedback. No facilitatory effects of audio were found for any performance task. We, therefore, conclude that adding auditory input to illusory finger stretching increased subjective illusory experience in the absence of tactile feedback but did not affect performance-based measures.
Chemistry Anxiety Among Bachelor-Level Students in Science Education
Authors: Ghimire Paras Mani
Published: August 2023

This research aims to investigate the reasons for anxiety among Bachelor's level Chemistry students. This study adopted a phenomenological research approach to elicit in-depth responses from teachers and students about their lived experiences and perceptions that cause anxiety in science classes due to the chemicals in the lab. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with students who suffer from anxiety in Chemistry classes. This study tried to uncover some of the roots of scientific fear. The interviews resulted in clear descriptions of the pupils' anxiousness. Fear appears to be linked to language issues, instructional approaches, and perception of chemistry views the student’s main source of anxiety is the language problem. Understanding the causes of science anxiety may also help educators construct more effective classes. They can think about the reasons for worry in these students and create some experiences for them to motivate them to complete the course. If teachers are aware of the issues that arise from students' chemistry anxiety, they can assist students in reducing their worry. furthermore, they can focus more effectively on course activities and materials. Using visual resources, asking questions, and creating activities that require active student participation, the instructor can help students overcome their passive approach to the subject during a lecture.
Roles and Rationale of Using English on social media
Authors: Panday Nikesh
Published: August 2023

Many people utilize social media as one of the instruments in information and communication technology to communicate ideas in regular communications. The current study identified Tribhuvan University students at various levels who used social media to increase their English language skills. Since this study aimed to gather specific information about social media usage in developing English language competency from the perspective of college students, a survey research design was used. The responses' results demonstrated that social media (SM) platforms play various roles in enhancing EFL learners' English comprehension. Most respondents fervently concurred that using social media significantly contributes to developing English ability.
Existing Situation of Digital Pedagogy in the Mathematics Classroom
Authors: Acharya Umesh
Published: August 2023

This article examines the existing situation of digital pedagogy in mathematics classrooms at Tribhuvan University, focusing on the skills and activities of mathematics teachers. Digital pedagogy, the integration of ICT tools and techniques in teaching, can potentially enhance teaching and learning activities. However, there are challenges in implementing digital pedagogy, such as limited access to technology and inadequate teacher preparation programs. This study utilized a cross-sectional research design with quantitative methodology. Data were collected from mathematics teachers of constituent campuses at Tribhuvan University using self-constructed closed-structure questionnaires. The results indicated that mathematics teachers possess varying levels of digital skills, with proficiency in producing documents and using emails but lower proficiency in developing questions and mathematical documents using Latex. The teachers frequently use the Internet to collect information and employ digital presentation tools. However, the usage of online resources and platforms for learning materials and homework posting was occasional. The findings underscore the importance of targeted training and resource provision to enhance digital skills among mathematics teachers. Tribhuvan University should prioritize technology access, improve teacher preparation programs, and promote digital literacy. By addressing these challenges, Tribhuvan University can effectively integrate digital pedagogy in mathematics classrooms, leading to enhanced teaching and learning experiences and improved student outcomes.
स्नातक नेपाली शिक्षाका साहित्यिक विधा सम्बद्ध पाठ्यांशहरूको मूल्याङ्कन
Authors: खनिया बुद्धराज
Published: August 2023

प्रस्तुत लेख त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय, शिक्षाशास्त्र सङ्काय, डिन कार्यालयले लागु गरेको चार बर्से बिएडको नेपाली शिक्षाका साहित्यिक विधा सम्बद्ध पाठ्यांशहरूलाई शिक्षाशास्त्रीय दृष्टिले मूल्याङ्कन गर्ने उद्देश्य राखी तयार गरिएको हो । यो लेख गुणात्मक अनुसन्धानको पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनमा आधारित छ । पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययन अनुसार नेपाली शिक्षाका साहित्यिक विधा सम्बद्ध नेपाली कथा र उपन्यास, नेपाली नाटक, एकाङ्की र निबन्ध, नेपाली कविता काव्य तथा साहित्यशास्त्र र नेपाली समालोचनाका पाठ्यांशबाट तथ्यहरू सङ्कलन गरेर तिनलाई तालिकीकरण गरी व्याख्या विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । स्नातक तहको नेपाली शिक्षाका पाठ्यांशको प्रकृतिलाई हेर्दा भाषासँगै साहित्यिक विषयवस्तुलाई पनि उच्च महइभ्व दिइएको देखिन्छ । उक्त साहित्यिक विधा सम्बद्ध पाठ्यांशहरू पूर्णतः सैद्धान्तिक प्रकृतिका छन् । निर्दिष्ट पाठ्यांशमा समाविष्ट पाठ्यविषयलाई भाषा शिक्षण सिकाइसँग जोडेको पाइँदैन । निर्धारित पाठ्यविषयलाई भाषिक दृष्टिले संयोजन नगरेको भए पनि सम्बन्धित कृतिहरूको पठनबाट विद्यार्थीहरूमा अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा पठनबोध, अभिव्यक्ति (समीक्षा ः मौखिक तथा लिखित), शब्द भण्डार जस्ता भाषिक सिप तथा पक्षहरूको विकासमा मद्दत पुग्ने देखिन्छ । विद्यार्थीहरूमा पर्याप्त भाषिक सिप तथा पक्षहरूको विकास गराउन शिक्षाशास्त्रका सैद्धान्तिक पाठ्यांशहरूलाई प्रायोगिक किसिमले भाषा शिक्षण सिकाइसँग जोडेर प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने देखिन्छ ।
Adsorptive removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution using laboratory prepared ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Rajbhandari Nyachhyon Armila , Pote Shrestha Rojita
Published: August 2023

Nano sized zinc oxide (ZnO) been successfully prepared in laboratory by precipitation technique. As prepared ZnO materials were characterized by XRD and SEM analyses. The XRD pattern showed the crystallinity of the material and average crystallite size was found to be 16.61 nm. The SEM images of ZnO nanoparticle revealed that it was flakes like structure having smooth texture.  Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the percentage removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. The effects of Cr (VI) concentration, pH of solution, adsorbent dose and contact time variations were studied in order to have adsorptive efficiency of as prepared ZnO nanoparticles.  The optimum contact time for maximum adsorption was found to be 90 minutes. The optimum pH was found to be 2.0 at an initial concentration of 20 mg/L. Similarly, the optimum dose of ZnO for the adsorption of Cr (VI) was found to be 0.4 g. The adsorption properties of ZnO were then evaluated by using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) was found to be 3.43 mg/g which is in good agreement with literature value. The correlation value showed that Langmuir isotherm model was found to be more favorable than Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm model, indicating the presence of homogeneous equivalent active sites in ZnO with monolayer adsorption.
Study on quality parameters of wine at opening and deterioration with time
Authors: Pathak Arvind , Regmi Arma , Gautam Kalpana , Wagle Manoj Nidhi
Published: August 2023

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes containing alcohol ranging from 5-15% by volume. Wine consumption in the Nepalese market is gaining steady growth in recent years. In this study, parameters such as specific gravity, total acidity, pH, percentage of alcohol content, amount of total dissolved solid, presence of furfural, methyl alcohol and heavy metal were selected for analysis of red and white wine with time after the opening of the packet wine at the time interval of 15, 20 and 25 days respectively.
An increase in acidity and specific gravity (0.9780-0.9992 g/mL) while decrease in alcohol content (9.54%-8.03% by volume), presence of heavy Iron and Copper found below 0.003 and absence of furfural and methyl alcohol were observed with time. Consumption of wine in controlled amounts could prevent heart disease and circulatory problem. However, excess wine consumption can inhibit new brain cell development and depressive disorders.
Isolation and identification of Bacillus species from soil and assessment of antimicrobial properties
Authors: Basi-Chipalu Shradha , Sthapit Pallavi , Maharjan Aastha
Published: August 2023

The emergence of multi drug resistant pathogens such as Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a threat to public health. Thus, the development of new antibiotics has become a global concern. Many scientists are attracted towards discovery of new antimicrobial agents from microbial sources. The aim of this study is to isolate potential Bacillus species from soil for the production of antimicrobial substance. During the study, 20 soil samples were collected from various areas of Kathmandu valley. A total of 70 Bacillus isolates were identified by morphological and biochemical characteristics. Altogether 39 isolates were able to produce antibacterial extract when it was grown in Trypticase soya broth (TSB) at 37°C for 48 h. The antimicrobial activity was tested against test organisms like Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida by Agar well diffusion method. All of the extracts showed zone of inhibition against E. coli except 6 extracts (E39, E43, E36, E25, E45 and E46). The highest zone of inhibition was shown by extract B68 with 11 mm. Only one extract (E62) was able to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas. The extract from Bacillus isolate (E35) showed highest zone of inhibition against S. aureus (6mm). The protein nature of the extracts was determined by Biuret and Ninhydrin tests. The extracts were relatively stable to heat treatment and unstable to surfactants like 70% methanol, 2-propanol and ethylacetate. The study revealed that soil is a good source for the potential antimicrobial producer bacteria.
Water quality and health risk assessment in the Gandaki river basin, central Himalaya, Nepal
Authors: Pant Ramesh Raj , Pal Khadka Bahadur , Rehman Faizan Ur , Bishwakarma Kiran , Pathak Lalit , Thapa Lal Bahadur
Published: August 2023

Public health is at threat due to chemical contaminants in drinking water which may have direct health concerns. The suitability of water for health is primarily governed by the mineral constituents present in the water. The present study was carried out to evaluate the water quality and associated health risks in the Gandaki River Basin (GRB) in Central Himalaya, Nepal considering hydrochemical variables such as total dissolved solids (TDS); major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+); major anions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, and HCO3-) and trace metals (As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ba, Cr, Li and Sr) in spatiotemporal levels. Water Quality Index (WQI), Health Risk Assessment (HRA), and Cancer Index (CI) were analyzed to evaluate the overall quality of water in the GRB. The results revealed that all the examined variables were within the National Guidelines recommended for domestic uses. Moreover, the results revealed that concentrations of TDS, major ions, and trace metals showed significant seasonality and the WQI values were found to be 36.38, 23.77, and 30.36 in pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon, respectively indicating better water quality in the monsoon season. Additionally, CI analysis of the selected trace metals such as As, Cr and Pb indicated relatively low cancer risk in the river water during all the seasons. The hazard quotient (HQ) dermal values of all the elements were < 1,  signifying the little or no adverse effects via a dermal path, while HQ ingestion values of Ba, Li, Sr, and Zn were found to be >1 during all the seasons indicating their possible threat via ingestion path. This study provides a useful database and suggests regular assessment and, also appropriate policy formulations for safeguarding the water bodies in the Himalayas.
Impact of thunderstorm activities on tropospheric NOx adversely affecting the climate change over Bagmati province of Nepal
Authors: Sharma Shriram , Regmi Nabaraj , Neupane Sujan
Published: August 2023

Lightning is a complex electrical discharge that occurs in the atmosphere. Huge currents associated with the lightning discharge raises the ambient temperature resulting in the change in atmospheric chemistry. The extreme temperatures within lightning channels break apart molecular nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) to produce nitrogen oxides (NOx). NOx act as indirect greenhouse gases by producing the tropospheric Ozone. Likewise, NOx gases also affect the global greenhouse gas budget through the change in concentration of hydroxyl radical (OH) and Methane. This study analyzes the association of lightning stroke density with the tropospheric NOx over the Bagmati province (central region) of Nepal, during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon for 3 years (2018 to 2020). The tropospheric NOx was examined by utilizing the data from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), whereas the lightning stroke data was obtained from VAISALA’s Global Lightning Detection (GLD-360) Network. The lightning stroke density for each season were plotted against the corresponding average value of NOx to obtain the correlation coefficient over the period of study. Strong positive correlations between lightning and NOx production during per-monsoon periods were obtained for all the three years of study period, whereas, comparatively weak correlations are obtained for the post-monsoon seasons. Nevertheless, the NOx production due to lightning is found to be strong, during the pre-monsoon period, a relatively dry season over the Bagmati province. This clearly indicates that lightning is a big source of tropospheric NOx,that in turn produces greenhouse gases and hence contributes to the climatic changes over the central region on Nepal.
A comparative study on digital versus traditional flashcards of an individual vs group study in learning spellings as well as word production in context
Authors: Mamta . , Thakur Taru
Published: August 2023

This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of digital versus traditional flashcards as both an individual and group study tool for improving spelling and contextual word production skills. The study involved participants who were divided into four distinct groups: traditional flashcard group study, digital flashcard group study, individual traditional flashcard study, and individual digital flashcard study. The orthographic production test and word production test were administered to assess participants' performance. The results indicated that both individual study approaches, using either traditional or digital flashcards, led to high performance in the orthographic production test. Surprisingly, the traditional flashcard group study also exhibited comparable results. In contrast, the digital flashcard group study had the lowest performance. In the word production test, the traditional flashcard group study demonstrated exceptional performance, while the individual digital flashcard study group did not fall significantly behind. The other two groups showed average performance. Further analysis revealed that the traditional flashcard group study excelled in word production, suggesting that group dynamics and collaborative learning positively influenced the ability to produce words accurately. Similarly, the digital flashcard group study showed some improvement in word production, albeit to a lesser extent. Regarding orthographic test results, individual training using either traditional or digital flashcards yielded better outcomes compared to group study in both settings. The survey responses indicated a preference for self-study in learning spelling, emphasizing the importance of individualized approaches. These findings highlight the varying impacts of digital and traditional flashcards as well as individual versus group study on spelling and contextual word production skills. The tactile nature and engaging interactions of traditional flashcards appeared to enhance performance, while the digital flashcard approach was perceived more as an individual task. The study emphasizes the importance of considering diverse learning strategies to optimize language learning outcomes. Future research should delve deeper into the underlying factors that contribute to the differential effectiveness of group and individual flashcard study in various linguistic tasks. Additionally, exploring different variables such as learner preferences, motivation, and attention during flashcard use could provide valuable insights for instructional practices.
A Study at the political leaders and their personal ambitions & his works
Authors: Sharma Palka , Sinha Sunita , Saini Vinod Kumar
Published: August 2023

In this Research Paper we have highlighted about the political leadership working and their personal ambitions for the welfare human mankind. We have to consider various effect on the society by the political leader given them motivations and actions of political leaders should be in the welfare of society for this we are exploring how their decisions and policies impact for the well-being of people. By examining their personal ambitions, we gain insight into their priorities, values, and goals, and how these influence their approach to governance. This analysis sheds light on the complex interplay between political leadership and the welfare of human mankind, providing a nuanced understanding of the factors that shape political decision-making and its impact on society. Leadership in politics has both a political and a technical side. It is very important to have robust and organized political backing, with ministers establishing the broad course of the Strategy, assuming personal accountability, coordinating related policies and budgets, and providing the necessary resources and manpower status needed to make decisions. This level should make sure that the overall political direction is clear, as well as give strategic guidance on themes and make action choices. A rotating president will be set up to make sure that everyone gets an equal amount of power. With the Commission's approval, it can be given to all involved States and Regions. As seen in other macro-regional strategies, it is a good idea to hold regular meetings of ministers and/or presidents of the Regions for each policy area, depending on how each State and Region is politically and institutionally set up. It would help keep the Strategy's political momentum going in the area and send clear political messages about what to do and what needs to be done first. Each country should show its commitment by making sure that the key partners in putting the Strategy into action, such as the coordinators and implementers at the level of objectives and actions, get the respect and legitimacy they need to do their jobs. They should get a clear job description, enough money and time, and the chance to work in good conditions and with the right national/regional administrative offices and policymaking and implementing bodies.
Enfermedad de Crohn: un enfoque integral en su patogenia, diagnóstico y tratamiento
Authors: Sánchez Bonilla Elena , Wong Álvarez Óscar Fernando , Fung Cai Marco
Published: August 2023

La enfermedad de Crohn es una afección crónica inflamatoria del tracto gastrointestinal que puede afectar cualquier parte del sistema digestivo, desde la boca hasta el ano. La patogenia de la enfermedad involucra una combinación de factores genéticos, ambientales e inmunológicos que conducen a la inflamación crónica y el daño en el tejido intestinal. Los síntomas pueden variar y pueden incluir dolor abdominal, diarrea, pérdida de peso y fatiga. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante una combinación de herramientas y pruebas diagnósticas, como la colonoscopia, la tomografía computarizada y la resonancia magnética. El tratamiento se centra en el control de los síntomas y puede incluir medicamentos inmunosupresores, cambios en la dieta y el estilo de vida, y en algunos casos, cirugía. El pronóstico puede variar, y las complicaciones pueden incluir obstrucción intestinal, fístulas, abscesos y cáncer de intestino. La investigación continua es importante para mejorar la comprensión y el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Crohn.
Pengembangan Modul Sirah Rasul Ulul ‘Azmi Untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Religius Siswa
Authors: Fitriah Himmatul , Sinaga Ali Imran , Anas Nirwana
Published: August 2023

This article aims to find out how the development of the Apostle Ulul 'Azmi sirah module in improving the religious attitude of students at SMA An-Nadwa Binjai. This study uses a 4-D model; namely definition, design, development, and deployment. Sampling used a random sampling technique with class XI A as the control class and class XI as the experimental class with a total of 35 students. The results of this study state that the feasibility of the Sirah Rasulullah Ulul 'Azmi module is feasible to use through 3 expert validation tests, the feasibility of the module is seen from 3 components namely material experts, language and design. The validation results of the three validators are: the average score of the content component is 77.27, the linguistic component is 83.65, and the presentation component is 81.73. These three scores indicate a good/proper category, which means that the Sirah Rasulullah Ulul 'Azmi module can be used with a little revision. As for the effectiveness of the Sirah Rasul Ulul 'Azmi module in increasing students' religious attitudes when seen from the test results between the control class and the experimental class, with the control class's average score of 69.71, while the experimental class's average score was 75.52. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the Sirah Rasulullah Ulul 'Azmi module is effective in increasing religious attitudes in class XI SMA An-Nadwa in PAI learning.