bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inscriptions on clothing as an object of linguistic studies
Authors:   Donetsk National University named after Vasyl Stus, Striuk N. V.
Published: June 2021

Clothing performs not only the typical protective and utilitarian functions, but also becomes a means of communication. This position is particularly evident in garment with inscriptions and prints. The growing popularity of such textile fabrics causes the study of the typology of inscriptions on clothing from a linguistic standpoint. The purpose of the work is to determine the main approaches to the study of inscriptions on clothing in modern science in general and linguistics in particular. It has been determined that within the framework of linguistics, inscriptions on clothing are considered in the context of the communicative-pragmatic paradigm. However, there is no unified approach to the interpretation of this linguistic phenomenon, some researchers define it as a separate genre or subgenre of a particular discourse, others – as a new type of media. As a result of the study, it has been established that inscriptions on clothing are characterized by certain linguistic features (use of abbreviations and numbers, prevalence of simple sentences and elliptical constructions, use of colloquialisms, youth slang and puns, specific style of writing, use of imperatives and intertextuality) and perform various functions (communicative, regulatory, informative-representative, expressive-pragmatic, epistemological, aesthetic). Though most modern linguists agree that inscriptions on clothing function as a means of communication, the problems of using the appropriate term (inscription, slogan, message) and studying inscriptions not only on T-shirts, but also on other types of clothing remain unsolved.
China–Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation from the Perspective of the Community with Shared Benefits: Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Ding Xiaoqin , Chai Qiaoyan , Chen Cheng
Published: June 2021

The China–Africa Community with Shared Benefits is the cornerstone of the China-Africa Community with Shared Future. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, through economic and trade cooperation, China and Africa have promoted the common economic and social development of both sides, and consolidated the material foundation of the China–Africa Community with Shared Benefits. The economic and trade cooperation between China and Africa has developed rapidly with remarkable achievements and great influence. This article fully affirms and reviews the great achievements of China–Africa trade and economic cooperation, points out that the China–Africa economic and trade cooperation still faces some challenges, but overall, the China–Africa economic and trade cooperation has an absolutely bright future and will become a persistence engine to build the Community with Shared Benefits. China's investment will further promote economic and social development in Africa, and the China–Africa Community with Shared Benefits will have a huge demonstration effect internationally.
Review of Classical Political Economics and Modern
Capitalism: Theories of Value, Competition, Trade and Long Cycles
by Lefteris Tsoulfidis and Persefoni Tsaliki
Authors: Mutlu Ozan
Published: June 2021

This book review presents and critically evaluates core issues raised in the
recently published book titled: Classical Political Economics and Modern
Capitalism: Theories of Value, Competition, Trade and Long Cycles
coauthored by Lefteris Tsoulfidis and Persefoni Tsaliki. The book under review
is one of the very few efforts to comprehensively cover major topics of the
classical political economics approach. Among these topics included are the
following: the theory of value, economic reproduction, and true competition in
domestic and international markets as well as long economic cycles in the
movement of key economic variables. A salient feature of the book is that the
“laws of motion” of modern capitalism are derived and supported by empirical
evidence based on refined economic data and appropriate input–output or
econometric analysis. The overall evaluation is at the end of the present review
along with a critical account for further research efforts.
Linkages Between Economic and Military Imperialism
Authors: Christiansen Isaac
Published: June 2021

Much has been written both about economic and military manifestations of empire, but there are fewer examinations of how the two are interconnected. This article explores five forms of linking motivations by which economic imperialism escalates into military interventions: resource covetous, enterprise-specific, system protective, empire share, and military-industrialist linkages. The first three types describe how imperial relations between empires and client states may lead military interventions in the latter by the former to ensure control of critical resources, corporate dominance of a client state's land or industry, or to safeguard global capitalism itself. Empire share linkages are reflected when conflict among imperialist countries themselves develops into wars among core countries, while military-industrial linkages are when the interests of the arms and related industries themselves become a motivation for military interventions. These connections are not mutually exclusive, and each may be manifested to a lesser or greater degree in various imperialist interventions simultaneously.
Labor Productivity and Marxist Theory of Labor Value
Authors: Baeza Alejandro Valle , González Blanca Gloria Martínez
Published: June 2021

This article proves that the productivity defined rigorously within the Marxist theory of value is what economists use most of the time. When analyzing the changes in productivity of a country or the relationship between real wages and productivity or comparing the levels of productivity between countries, labor productivity is used and not, for example, multifactor productivity. In all three previous cases what legitimizes the use of labor productivity is the Marxist theory of value. We will see in the present article that, if productivity is defined as the reciprocal of the value of a basket of merchandises, the mathematical expressions commonly used in applied economics are deduced to understand the variations and levels of productivity and the link between that variable and the real wage. Since most non-Marxist economists reject Marxian theory of value, we conclude that, nonetheless, they use it without knowing it.
Capital Accumulation in the Center and Semiperipheries: A Comparative Analysis of the US, Spain, and Brazil
Authors: Mateo Juan Pablo
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a comparative analysis of capital accumulation in the US, Spain, and Brazil from 1990 to 2014, in order to analyze the peculiarities of the main contemporary economy (US), a developed one with a peripheral integration into the Eurozone (Spain), and a semiperipheral economy within a backward region (Brazil). This period is highlighted, especially for Spain and Brazil, by a neoliberal turn and certain monetary stability. Taking the US economy as a reference, Brazil achieved a higher average gDP and investment growth, but its capital-output ratio shows a relative high level. This economy also suffers from less capacity to produce a surplus in US dollars, and its productivity gap widens. In the case of Spain, its real-estate speculative boom has driven down both the profit rate and the productive efficiency of capital stock. Thus, while lacking an outstanding performance, the USA has kept its productive superiority in relation to Spain and Brazil.
Effects of orientation deviation of a beam splitter and a reference mirror on the stability of a two-interferometer-based handheld FFOCT imaging probe
Authors: Tang Yifeng , Gao Wanrong
Published: June 2021

In this work, we present a handheld full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) system based on a series connection of two interferometers: the Michelson interferometer is used as a compensation part and the Fizeau interferometer is used as a detection part. Owing to the common-path arrangement of the Fizeau interferometer, this handheld FFOCT system has a compact detection arm and is insensitive to the external disturbance. A high-output halogen lamp and high NA microscope objective contribute to achieving the spatial resolution of

0.7

µ

m

×

0.5

µ

m

(transverse × axial). Low imaging stability is caused by an extremely short coherence length. We found that to generate en face images with high quality and high stability using a probe with an extremely short coherence length, the range of deviation of the orientation of the beam splitter must be less than 1°, and the range of orientation deviation of the mirror in the Michelson interferometer corresponds to the displacement between the two field stop images at a distance not to exceed 10 µm.
Expression of Parkin, APC, APE1, and Bcl-xL in Colorectal Polyps
Authors: Kühl Svoboda Baldin Rosimeri , Austrália Paredes Marcondes Ribas Carmen , de Noronha Lúcia , Veloso da Silva-Camargo Claudia Caroline , Santos Sotomaior Vanessa , Martins Sebastião Ana Paula , Vasconcelos de Castilho Ana Paula , Rodrigues Montemor Netto Mário
Published: June 2021

Colorectal cancer can develop through molecular, chromosomal, and epigenetic cumulative changes that transform the normal intestinal epithelium into the colorectal polyps, called conventional adenomas (CAs) or serrated polyps (SPs), recognized as precursors of invasive colorectal neoplasia. These benign lesions need to explore the morphology, histological diagnosis, and biomarkers profile to accurately characterize lesions with potential for evolution to cancer. This study aimed to correlate the immunohistochemical expression of Parkin and Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC; tumor suppressors), Human Apurinic/Apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), and B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL; oncogenic proteins) in sporadic colorectal polyps with clinical, endoscopic, and diagnostic data. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on tissue microarray samples of 306 polyps. Based on the Allred score, the expressions were graduated in the cytoplasm and nucleus of superficial and cryptic cells. There was higher Parkin nuclear expression ( p=0.006 and 0.010) and APC cytoplasmic expression in cryptic cells ( p<0.001) in SPs. CAs, APE1 ( p<0.001) and Bcl-xL ( p<0.001) were more expressed in the nuclei and cytoplasms, respectively. These results are related to the biological role proposed for these proteins in cellular functions. They can contribute to the diagnosis criteria for polyps and improve the knowledge of biomarkers that could predict cancer development:
Imaging of Endocytic Trafficking and Extracellular Vesicles Released Under Neratinib Treatment in ERBB2+ Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Santamaria Sara , Gagliani Maria Cristina , Bellese Grazia , Marconi Silvia , Lechiara Anastasia , Dameri Martina , Aiello Cinzia , Tagliatti Erica , Castagnola Patrizio , Cortese Katia
Published: June 2021

Breast cancers (BCa) with ERBB2 amplification show rapid tumor growth, increased disease progression, and lower survival rate. Deregulated intracellular trafficking and extracellular vesicle (EVs) release are mechanisms that support cancer progression and resistance to treatments. Neratinib (NE) is a Food and Drug Administration–approved pan-ERBB inhibitor employed for the treatment of ERBB2+ BCa that blocks signaling and causes survival inhibition. However, the effects of NE on ERBB2 internalization, its trafficking to multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and the release of EVs that originate from these organelles remain poorly studied. By confocal and electron microscopy, we observed that low nanomolar doses of NE induced a modest ERBB2 internalization along with an increase of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and of the CD63+ MVB compartment in SKBR-3 cells. Furthermore, we showed in the culture supernatant two distinct EV subsets, based on their size and ERBB2 positivity: small (30–100 nm) ERBB2− EVs and large (>100 nm) ERBB2+ EVs. In particular, we found that NE increased the overall release of EVs, which displayed a reduced ERBB2 positivity compared with controls. Taken together, these results provide novel insight into the effects of NE on ERBB2+ BCa cells that may lead to a reduction of ERBB2 potentially transferred to distant target cells by EVs:
Molecular investigation of tick-borne pathogens in ticks removed from tick-bitten humans in the southwestern region of the Republic of Korea
Authors: Bang Mi Seon , Kim Choon-Mee , Pyun Sang-Hyun , Kim Dong-Min , Yun Na Ra
Published: June 2021

In this study, we investigated the presence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks removed from tick-bitten humans in the southwestern provinces of the Republic of Korea (ROK). We identified 33 ticks from three tick species, namelyAmblyomma testudinarium(60.6%),Haemaphysalis longicornis(27.3%), andIxodes nipponensis(12.1%) in order of occurrence via morphology and 16S rDNA-targeting polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tick-borne pathogens were detected in 16 ticks using pathogen-specific PCR. From the results, 12 ticks (36.4%) tested positive for spotted fever group (SFG)Rickettsia:Rickettsia monacensis(1/12),R.tamurae(8/12), andCandidatusRickettsia jingxinensis (3/12). Three ticks (9.1%) were positive forAnaplasma phagocytophilum. In addition, three ticks (9.1%) tested positive forBabesia gibsoni(1/3) andB.microti(2/3). In conclusion, we identified three tick species; the most common species wasA.testudinarium, followed byH.longicornisandI.nipponensis. SFGRickettsia,A.phagocytophilum, andBabesiaspp. were the most frequently detected pathogens in ticks removed from tick-bitten humans. To our knowledge, this is the first report ofR.tamuraeandCa. R. jingxinensis detection in Korea. The present results will contribute to the understanding of tick-borne infections in animals and humans in the ROK.
Positioning the National Health Insurance for financial sustainability and Universal Health Coverage in Ghana: A qualitative study among key stakeholders
Authors: Aikins Moses , Tabong Philip Teg-Nefaah , Salari Paola , Tediosi Fabrizio , Asenso-Boadi Francis M. , Akweongo Patricia
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was introduced in 2003 to reduce “out-of-pocket” payments for health care in Ghana. Over a decade of its implementation, issues about the financial sustainability of this pro-poor policy remains a crippling fact despite its critical role to go towards Universal Health Coverage. We therefore conducted this study to elicit stakeholders’ views on ways to improve the financial sustainability of the operations of NHIS.

Methods

Twenty (20) stakeholders were identified from Ministry of Health, Ghana Health Services, health workers groups, private medical practitioners, civil society organizations and developmental partners. They were interviewed using an interview guide developed from a NHIS policy review and analysis. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed thematically with the aid of NVivo 12 software.

Results

Stakeholders admitted that the NHIS is currently unable to meet its financial obligations. The stakeholders suggested first the adoption of capitation as a provider payment mechanism to minimize the risk of providers’ fraud and protection from political interference. Secondly, they indicated that rapid releases of specific statutory deductions and taxes for NHIS providers could reduce delays in claims’ reimbursement which is one of the main challenges faced by healthcare providers. Aligning the NHIS with the Community-based Health Planning and Services and including preventive and promotive health is necessary to position the Scheme for Universal Health Coverage.

Conclusion

The Scheme will potentially achieve UHC if protected from political interference to improve the governance and transparency that affects the finances of the scheme and the expansion of services to include preventive and promotive services and cancers.
Population-based incidence and mortality of community-acquired pneumonia in Germany
Authors: Theilacker Christian , Sprenger Ralf , Leverkus Friedhelm , Walker Jochen , Häckl Dennis , von Eiff Christof , Schiffner-Rohe Julia
Published: June 2021

Background

Little information on the current burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults in Germany is available.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a representative healthcare claims database of approx. 4 million adults to estimate the incidence rates (IR) and associated mortality of CAP in 2015. IR and mortality were stratified by treatment setting, age group, and risk group status. A pneumonia coded in the primary diagnosis position or in the second diagnosis position with another pneumonia-related condition coded in the primary position was used as the base cases definition for the study. Sensitivity analyses using broader and more restrictive case definitions were also performed.

Results

The overall IR of CAP in adults ≥18 years was 1,054 cases per 100,000 person-years of observation. In adults aged 16 to 59 years, IR for overall CAP, hospitalized CAP and outpatient CAP was 551, 96 and 466 (with a hospitalization rate of 17%). In adults aged ≥60 years, the respective IR were 2,032, 1,061 and 1,053 (with a hospitalization rate of 52%). If any pneumonia coded in the primary or secondary diagnosis position was considered for hospitalized patients, the IR increased 1.5-fold to 1,560 in the elderly ≥60 years. The incidence of CAP hospitalizations was substantially higher in adults ≥18 years with at-risk conditions and high-risk conditions (IR of 608 and 1,552, respectively), compared to adults without underlying risk conditions (IR 108). High mortality of hospitalized CAP in adults ≥18 was observed in-hospital (18.5%), at 30 days (22.9%) and at one-year (44.5%) after CAP onset. Mortality was more than double in older adults in comparison to younger patients.

Conclusion

CAP burden in older adults and individuals with underlying risk conditions was high. Maximizing uptake of existing vaccines for respiratory diseases may help to mitigate the disease burden, especially in times of strained healthcare resources.
Disentangling the contributions of agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism to drive for thinness and drive for muscularity
Authors: Hater Leonie , Schulte Johanna , Geukes Katharina , Buhlmann Ulrike , Back Mitja D.
Published: June 2021

Body image concerns revolving around body ideals (thin ideal, muscular ideal) are widespread among women. Whereas a stronger preoccupation with ideal physical appearance is often assumed for narcissistic women, previous empirical findings have been mixed. Following a tripartite structure of agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism facets, we reexamined whether trait narcissism predicted drive for thinness and drive for muscularity. We further explored the role of importance of appearance as a mediator and moderator of the relation between narcissism and body image concerns. Latent structural equation modeling was applied to self-report data from two independent nonclinical female samples (NSample1 = 224, NSample2 = 342). Results underlined the importance of distinguishing between narcissism facets: Neurotic (but not agentic or antagonistic) narcissism uniquely predicted drive for thinness and drive for muscularity. Importance of appearance mediated but did not robustly moderate these relations. Hence, neurotic narcissistic women (characterized by hypersensitivity, shame, and a fragile self-esteem) are particularly prone to body image concerns. This vulnerability seems partly driven by how much importance they ascribe to their appearance. Future work might build on these insights to further unravel the processes linking neurotic narcissism to body image concerns and how these can be targeted in practical interventions.
La Deuotio de Decio Mus
Authors: Aldea Celada José Manuel
Published: June 2021

En la presente comunicación pretendemos abordar el tema de la pervivencia de la Historia Antigua como fuente iconográfica para el arte europeo de la Edad Moderna (el siglo XVII en nuestro caso). En una primera parte, analizaremos el ritual de la deuotio, contextualizándolo dentro de la religión romana republicana. A partir de las fuentes literarias prestaremos especial atención al estudio de la deuotio de Decio Mus. El siguiente paso será poner lo anterior en relación con Rubens y su ciclo dedicado a la deuotio de Decio Mus, intentando explicar qué motivo la elección del tema (comitente y destino de la obra), cuál de las fuentes fue la que inspiró a Rubens y qué elementos iconográficos fueron empleados para dar forma al ritual en las diferente escenas que componen el ciclo.
Reflexiones sobre la función social de la Historia: Hobsbawm, Thompson y Kocka
Authors: Carvajal Castro Álvaro , Martín Nieto Isaac , Sánchez Polo Alejandra
Published: June 2021

La historia cuenta cada vez con más medios para su divulgación. Precisamente por ello, debemos preguntarnos cuál es y plantearnos cuál debería ser la función social que cumple el conocimiento histórico que se transmite a la sociedad. Para ello, partimos de las reflexiones de E. Hobsbawm, E. P. Thompson y J. Kocka, tres historiadores que proceden del ámbito historiográfico de la historia social y que, dada su práctica historiográfica y vital, resultan claves para desarrollar esta problemática.
Las esclavas en la regulación jurídica. Algunas notas desde el Digesto
Authors: Rubiera Cancelas Carla
Published: June 2021

No cabe duda de que estudio de la legislación nos brinda la oportunidad de analizar el funcionamiento de la esclavitud en la sociedad romana. Sin embargo, nos encontramos con que los propios juristas partirán de la premisa: “La palabra esclavo se extiende también a la esclava” (D. 50, 16, 40 Ulp. ed), lo que llega a suponer un problema en el momento en el que nos interesemos por la población esclava femenina, en el sentido de que el uso de un lenguaje, que hoy podría catalogarse como sexista, no nos permite diferenciar entre unos y otras. Sin embargo, en determinadas ocasiones observaremos la utilización de términos como el de ancilla o serva. Al margen de la aparente homogeneidad que caracterizó al grupo esclavo, mi interés se centra en indagar en esa presencia femenina dentro de una fuente jurídica, que en este caso constituye la gran recopilación del derecho romano, el Digesto, buscando las particularidades que pudieron afectar a las esclavas, no tanto como pertenecientes a una clase, sino a un género, el femenino.
The radial gradient of moisture content of silver birch wood in different seasons
Authors: Tomczak Karol , Arkadiusz Tomczak , Naskrent Bartłomiej , Jelonek Tomasz
Published: June 2021

Silver birch ( Roth) is classified in diffuse-porous wood category. In this case structure of wood tissue is quite similar across whole cross-sectional area. The aim of this study was to analyse cross-section variability of moisture content (MC) of growing silver birch wood, significant hardwood species in Polish forests. Investigations were performed on 120 model trees. In the trunk of each model tree, an increment core was collected at breast height. Samples were collected of 30 different trees in four different seasons. The greatest MC was observed during winter, lowest MC in summer. Differences in MC were statistically significant only between winter versus spring, summer, and autumn. Distribution of MC on cross-section was similar in each season. The greatest average value was observed close to pith, then it was decreasing in bark direction. The greatest difference between observed in spring â 19.51% (pâ<â0.05) and lowest in autumn â 4.66%. Distribution of green density (GD) on cross section was inverse proportional to MC value. Variations in GD and MC are relevant for log transport planning, weight-scaling systems, lumber drying and dynamic assessment of stiffness. Therefore, from an environmental loss perspective, it is important to determine changes in MC and GD across the year.Betula pendula
Analisis Daya Dukung Permukiman di Kelurahan Manggar Baru
Authors: Pertiwi Nurul -
Published: June 2021

Pertumbuhan penduduk mengakibatkan kebutuhan akan permukiman semakin bertambah. Apabila kuantitas lahan tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan permukiman maka akan menimbulkan tumbuhnya kawasan permukiman liar atau tidak sesuai. Kelurahan Manggar Baru merupakan daerah yang berbatasan dengan kawasan pesisir, hal menyebabkan adanya kawasan permukiman yang berdiri di daerah sempadan sungai. Kondisi ini dapat mengakibatkan terganggunya fungsi ekologi sungai, termasuk bahaya banjir bagi masyarakat yang berada di sekitar kawasan sungai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis meliputi analisis Satuan Kemampuan Lahan (SKL), kesesuaian lahan permukiman, dan daya dukung permukiman. Analisis Satuan Kemampuan Lahan (SKL) bertujuan untuk mengetahui luas kawasan permukiman yang sesuai untuk digunakan pada analisis daya dukung permukiman. Pada daya dukung permukiman diperoleh hasil 10,25 atau lebih dari 1, hal ini berarti lahan mampu menampung penduduk untuk bermukim.
On the sub–diffusion fractional initial value problem with time variable order
Authors: Cuesta Eduardo , Kirane Mokhtar , Alsaedi Ahmed , Ahmad Bashir
Published: June 2021

We consider a fractional derivative with order varying in time. Then, we derive for it a Leibniz' inequality and an integration by parts formula. We also study an initial value problem with our time variable order fractional derivative and present a regularity result for it, and a study on the asymptotic behavior.
Behaviors and Actions of the Strength and Conditioning Coach in Fostering a Positive Coach-Athlete Relationship
Authors: Carson Fraser , Blakey Mackenzie , Foulds Steven J. , Hinck Kris , Hoffmann Samantha M.
Published: June 2021

Carson, F, Blakey, M, Foulds, SJ, Hinck, K, and Hoffmann, SM. Behaviors and actions of the strength and conditioning coach in fostering a positive coach-athlete relationship. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3256–3263, 2022—A number of models have been developed to explain the various factors that affect coach-athlete interactions; however, they have had limited application to strength and conditioning (S&C). A systematic review of the literature was completed using the databases SPORTDiscus Full Text, MEDLINE, Global Health, Academic Search Complete, and PsychINFO, sourcing articles related to S&C coach-athlete relationships. An initial search yielded 1,364 articles, which when screened against the inclusion criteria was narrowed to 8 articles relating specifically to the S&C coach-athlete relationship. Four major themes were identified throughout the included articles: leadership styles; perceptions of leadership; coach knowledge, experience, and training; and building relationships. These themes highlighted that positive coach-athlete interactions are fostered through a mutual understanding of the S&C coach's responsibility to improve performance and reduce injury through scientific methods, with an awareness of different psychosocial behaviors of both the coach and the athlete. This will create a mutual interconnectedness whereby both parties can participate in a functional dyad. Three practical applications deduced from the findings identified the importance of building an autonomy-supportive environment, keeping knowledge and expertise at a high standard, and embracing the whole person rather than just the athlete. These teachings aim to guide S&C coaches through the necessary actions and behaviors recommended to successfully build and foster positive S&C coach-athlete relationships.
Impact of Preceding Workload on Team Performance in Collegiate Men's Ice Hockey
Authors: Neeld Kevin L. , Peterson Ben J. , Dietz Calvin C. , Cappaert Thomas A. , Alvar Brent A.
Published: June 2021

Neeld, KL, Peterson, BJ, Dietz, CC, Cappaert, TA, and Alvar, BA. Impact of preceding workload on team performance in collegiate men's ice hockey. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2272–2278, 2021—Although the workload-injury relationship has received ample research attention, the relationship between prior workload and performance in team sport remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if preceding workloads influence competition performance in men's ice hockey. On-ice workload data were collected from all players on a NCAA Division I men's ice hockey team for 2 consecutive seasons. Training and match workloads were characterized using 7 variables (player load, skating load, explosive efforts, high force strides, player load·min−1, skating load·min−1, and average stride force·lb−1). Team performance was calculated as the difference between the subject and opposing teams' shots on goal. Nine separate ANCOVAs were performed to assess the effect of workload across quartiles of 5 different time spans (1,3,5,7 and 28 days), and low, typical, and high zones of 4 time ratios (1/28, 3/28, 5/28, and 7/28) days) on team shot differential, accounting for season quarter and rank differential between the subject and opposing team. Alpha was set a priori to 0.05. Of all workload measures included in each analysis, only 7-day high force strides (p < 0.01, eta2 = 0.72), and 7-day player load·min−1 (p < 0.05, eta2 = 0.50) had a significant effect on shot differential. Measures of skating intensity in the week preceding competition have the largest impact on team performance. These results can be used by performance coaches to examine tests of speed, power, strength, and conditioning to identify potential limiting factors to high-intensity skating, design training programs with specific need-based emphases, and make recommendations for weekly management of high-intensity skating loads.
Współpraca przedsiębiorstw turystycznych z uczelniami - wyniki badania empirycznego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu, Olszewski Marcin
Published: June 2021

The growing importance of the cooperation between enterprises and universities stems from the continuous search for new development sources and the need to ensure sustainable competitive advantages. However, research on the partnership between the universities and service enterprises is still relatively rare. The study presented in this article aimed to recognize the scope and character of cooperation between universities and service enterprises represented by the tourism businesses, as well as the attitudes of entrepreneurs towards such collaboration. The research was carried out on a sample of 383 enterprises. Its results revealed a relatively high level of cooperation (declared by 54.6% of entities) mainly in two simple forms: students’ internships and participation of business representatives in conferences organized by academia. They also allowed identifying that the size and operating time significantly differentiate the use of academic knowledge in enterprises. The results show that the overall perception of cooperation between the tourist businesses and universities is positive, and its advantages are well recognized. The most important among them is the increase in the employees’ competences and improving the company image due to contacts with academia. However, the more significant benefits of such cooperation may be achieved only when more advanced knowledge transfer mechanisms are applied, such as commissioned research or spin-off companies.
Flow forming of wood irradiated with electron beam ― Molding load of irradiated wood and mechanical properties of the molded material
Authors: Sugino Hideaki , Tanaka Soichi , Kasamatsu Yuga , Okubayashi Satoko , Seki Masako , Miki Tsunehisa , Umemura Kenji , Kanayama Kozo
Published: June 2021

In the flow forming technique of wood, a wood block is flowed into metal dies to mold the material into a three-dimensional complex shape. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of molding load and the mechanical properties of the molded material in the case that wood as a raw material was irradiated with electron beam (EB). The EB-irradiated wood board was impregnated with thermosetting resin and was subsequently molded into the material by adding pressure and heating in a closed metal die. It was found that the molding load of the impregnated wood was decreased with increasing the EB absorbed dose. The mechanical properties of the molded material were evaluated using modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) in a three-point bending test. With increasing EB dose, MOR decreased greatly, while MOE decreased slightly. The EB irradiation on raw wood made it possible to mold the material at low load, though higher dose irradiation caused larger decreases in the mechanical properties.
SIEGFRIED THE DRAGON SLAYER AS A MODEL OF ACTIVE BEING: UNITY OF MYTH AND PHILOSOPHY ON THE ISSUE OF FREE WILL
Authors: Misyurov Nikolay
Published: June 2021

The relevance and topicality of the study is determined by the crisis of personal existence, as well as the denoting sociocultural phenomenon of the category that has exhausted its epistemological significance at the historic moment of the “values shift” – the displacement of the classical paradigm by the paradigm of postmodernism and the transformation of traditional society into “open” one (or “consumption society", as one would say now). One of the results of such a global modification of communication strategies and tactics, cognitive practices and even certain stable constructs (such as national concepts, cultural meanings, and stereotypes of psychological and so-cial behavior) was the restoration of the priority of myth (as a form of worldview and a way of transforming the world) and, accordingly, a revival of interest in mythology and the mythological picture of the world. The subject of the study is the syncretic unity of philosophical consciousness and mythological consciousness. The article analyzes the “existential” problem of modern man’s existence, which is solved differently by different philosophical currents, which, however, share one common idea that the “essential” nature of human activity is revealed in a communicative act; the cognitive meaning of the individual’s will is refined and corrected in public discourse. We should agree with an almost axiomatic statement that orientation towards “genuine existence” is conditioned by freedom and independence, as well as by “critical reason”. The paper proves that activity – not in the sense of production, political, creative cultural or other activity, but in the sense of internal readiness for the productive use of human potency for the benefit of both the individual and the collective – is fundamental for such a special (mythological heroic) state of mind. It is stated that the modus of being in modern “anthropological” philosophy is opposed to the modus of possession; in order to “be”, a person must give up self-centeredness and gain his or her independence. The modern man’s freedom of choice is determined by the logic of culture, the institutions of “open” society and the factors of globalization; however, the cultural heritage of the past retains its significance, the “primitive power” of myth fertilizes mass culture, and the typological image of a hero (as immaculate as Siegfried) becomes a temptation for the “alienated” subject of conceiving the world.
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AS A WAY TO COMPARE RUSSIAN AND SWEDISH LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEWS
Authors: Konovalova Mariia , Basova Vera
Published: June 2021

This article discusses phraseological units in the Russian and Swedish languages. Phraseological units preserve distilled knowledge about culture, way of life, and history of peoples, and therefore give a holistic picture of their worldviews. One of the most frequently used components in phraseological units is the colorative component. The article analyzes and compares the meanings of Russian and Swedish phraseological units that contain the names of different colors, namely green, blue, yellow, red, pink, gray, black, and white. The analysis revealed that 77% of the analyzed phraseological units describe a person, and 23% describe different objects, with 50.6% of the units having negative and neutral meanings, and only 19.8% having positive ones. It can be concluded that the Russian and Swedish systems of colorative phraseological units have a number of similarities due to the geographical proximity of the countries, their climatic characteristics, and historical ties. However, there are certain differences demonstrated by the cultural characteristics of each country’s independent development.
PRINCIPLE OF BEAUTY IN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE: SOCIOCULTURAL VERSION OF THE GNOSEOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors: VOLKOV YURI
Published: June 2021

The article addresses the problem of the genesis of the beauty principle in scientific cognition from the standpoint of the gnoseological approach supplemented by some conceptual generalizations from the fields of social epistemology and sociology of thinking. The relevance of this approach is due to the critical attitude to gnoseology as a general theory and methodology of science on the part of non-classical epistemology, the history of science and scientific theories of the middle range. An external factor that actualizes the current internal scientific situation is the prolongation of integration processes typical for postmodern culture associated with the search for points of contact between science and art. The article shows that despite the addition of the principle of beauty to the heuristic tools of modern exemplary science, there is an unresolved problem of the genetic relationship between aesthetics and science. This connection was best demonstrated in detail by the example of the similarity and difference between mathematics and music initiated in antique culture and reflecting the love of symmetry and harmony inherent in the Greek worldview. On the other hand, the differences in the perception of works of science and art which are obvious to ordinary consciousness required ancient thinkers to introduce concepts and principles that synthesize different aspects of the manifestations of the useful, true, and beautiful. In this connection, the binary mythopoetic cosmos-chaos opposition, which is found in its direct form in archaic and natural-philosophical cosmologies, is proposed as the historically first form that integrates the complex and contradictory content of the beauty principle. The results of the study lead to the conclusion that only natural philosophical models of the cosmos make a fundamental distinction between the “chaos” of opinions about phenomena and the “cosmos” of the true knowledge about their speculative entities. It is this worldview scheme of a single, conceptually ordered, and therefore truly beautiful world that served as an ideal model for classical European science.
Permanencias y transformaciones: el territorio muisca en la Sabana de Bogotá en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI
Authors: Rodríguez Gallo Lorena
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: durante el periodo agrícola prehispánico (periodos Herrera, Muisca Temprano y Muisca Tardío) los habitantes de la Sabana de Bogotá trasformaron un medio ecológico, inundable y con presencia de lagunas y humedales, en un territorio dinámico, a través de la construcción de un sistema hidráulico de plataformas elevadas para el cultivo, intercaladas por canales para el control de las inundaciones, conocidos como camellones. Con la invasión española y el proceso de colonización se transformó esta forma de construcción de la territorialidad, basada en el manejo del agua, al introducirse una forma diferente de tenencia de la tierra y de producción basada en la ganadería y el cultivo de cereales. El objetivo de esta investigación es establecer hasta qué punto sobrevivieron dichas prácticas agrícolas, en qué espacios de la Sabana y cómo fueron reinterpretadas para integrarse en la nueva realidad de la colonización. Metodología: se llevó a cabo un análisis interdisciplinario, en el cual se integraron datos provenientes de la arqueología, de la paleoecología y de las fuentes documentales de los siglos XVI y XVII. Originalidad: en el presente artículo se discute cómo se dio ese proceso de reestructuración del territorio en la Sabana de Bogotá, desde la perspectiva de los muiscas, en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI, teniendo como eje del análisis el sistema de camellones. Conclusiones: se estableció que el sistema de camellones sobrevivió apenas de forma fragmentaria y en los resguardos, mediante el uso de camellones ajedrezados, que controlaban inundaciones por nivel freático sin requerir grandes canales de drenaje.
Juan Carlos Gaona. Disidencia religiosa y conflicto sociocultural. Tácticas y estrategias evangélicas de lucha por el modelamiento de la esfera pública en Colombia (1912-1957).
Authors: Zambrano Daniel Andrés
Published: June 2021

En los procesos de pensar el Estado-nación, los impresos —trasferidos a finales del siglo xviii— han jugado un papel preeminente en la configuración de la esfera pública colombiana. Este dispositivo cultural ha servido como mecanismo participe en la construcción de redes y sociabilidades que giran en torno a la implementación de pensamientos y lenguajes políticos en el tejido social. Como producto de la investigación para optar al título de magíster en Historia, Juan Carlos Gaona presenta un minucioso trabajo sobre los impresos puestos a circular por el protestantismo en Colombia entre 1912 y 1958. El análisis de las fuentes periódicas y el examen teórico en torno a las “redes” y “sociabilidades” comunicativas permiten a Gaona sumergirse en la trayectoria de los periódicos protestantes en un contexto de luchas sociopolíticas e ideológicas por tomar el poder del espacio público.
Estratégias de ensino remoto durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Arruda Robson Lima , Nascimento Robéria Nádia Araújo
Published: June 2021

No contexto da pandemia do Novo Coronavírus (2019-nCoV), o ensino remoto tomou proporções mundiais. Em meio a um cenário de incertezas e mudanças atípicas nos modos de vida das pessoas, a educação não escapou a essas adversidades. Um dos maiores desafios provocados pelo ensino remoto se traduz pela necessidade de repensar e modificar alguns paradigmas educacionais vigentes. O presente estudo explora, através da análise de um Portfólio, as estratégias de ensino remoto utilizadas numa turma de quinto ano do Ensino Fundamental, evidenciando aspectos do ensino, da avaliação e da formação remota. A análise fundamenta-se, de forma breve, em alguns pressupostos complexos e holísticos sobre saberes docentes e professor-reflexivo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação cuja investigação se dá acerca da própria prática do professor-pesquisador e cuja análise permitiu constatar a importância da reflexão sobre a ação, em que o professor assume papel central na sua própria formação.
Palavras-chave: Ensino; pandemia; formação de professores; Educação.
Immunomodulation options and frequency of respiratory infections in children
Authors: Rustecka Agnieszka , Tomaszewska Agata ,   Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
Published: June 2021

Frequent respiratory tract infections in the paediatric population are associated mainly with immune system immaturity. A child aged up to 5 years can have up to 8 respiratory infections in a year. Immunomodulation through the elimination of negative environmental factors is of limited efficacy in the paediatric population. For this reason, in certain cases there is a need for pharmacological stimulation of immune response mechanisms in order to limit the number of infections. Modulators include medication, vitamins and trace elements, probiotics and plant formulations. Unfortunately, there are insufficient scientific data which confirm the efficacy of many such agents. Bacterial lysates are an exception: their effects have been confirmed in well-designed studies. Such formulations consist of killed bacterial cells or fragments of their organelles. Bacterial lysates contain antigens of the most common human respiratory pathogens. The efficacy of a bacterial lysate is the resultant of two components: patient-specific (individual immune reactivity) and formulation-specific (composition, dosing regime). To date, no reliable studies comparing the efficacy of different formulations have been conducted. One of the most thoroughly studied products is the one containing OM-85 lyophilisate (BV, Broncho-Vaxom®).
Analysis of nutritional status of children aged 10–13 in selected areas of the Silesian Province of Poland and assessment of their parents’ knowledge on child nutrition guidelines
Authors:   Department of Descriptive and Topographic Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland, Jonczyk Paweł , Potempa-Jeziorowska Magdalena ,   Department of Descriptive and Topographic Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland, Świętochowska Elżbieta ,   Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland, Kucharzewski Marek ,   Department of Descriptive and Topographic Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
Published: June 2021

Aim of the study: In this study, we analysed the nutritional status of children aged 10–13 years living in selected areas of the Silesian Province of Poland and assessed their parents’ knowledge of dietary guidelines. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a group of parents of children aged 10–13 years in selected primary schools in the Silesian Province, Poland. Approximately 1,000 paper copies of an originally developed questionnaire were distributed among the respondents. The survey included questions about children’s anthropometric measurements, family structure and parents’ knowledge of guidelines regarding their children’s nutrition and physical activity. Statistical analysis was performed on 589 questionnaires. Results: The problem of obesity was present in 26.35% of children, while 16.44% were found to be overweight. In the study group, 21.84% of children were undernourished. Approximately half of parents know that a balanced child diet should consist of at least five meals a day. Only 7% of parents are aware of the appropriate level of milk and dairy product consumption by children, less than 9% of daily fruit and vegetable consumption and more than 51% of the combined consumption of meat, fish and eggs. On average, one in three parents do not know what the recommended share of the basic nutrients in the daily energy intake of a child is. More than half of the surveyed parents do not know the calorific value of fat, carbohydrates, protein, ethyl alcohol and fibre. Over 43.4% of the respondents know that a child should have 30–60 minutes of moderate physical activity daily. Conclusions: The knowledge of basic guidelines regarding nutrition and physical activity of children aged 10–13 years from selected areas of the Silesian Province among their parents is insufficient. Parents do not have the necessary knowledge regarding the recommended quantity and quality of food eaten by their children. It is necessary to implement educational programmes in primary schools addressed to both pupils and their parents.