bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Study on Blind Unmixing for Hyperspectral Imagery
Authors: Huang Zuo Wei , Huang Yuan Jiang
Published: September 2013

Hyperspectral is the frontiers of Remote Sensingdevelopment, which plays a more andmore important role in many fields. themixed pixels become an main obstacle to the in depth development forquantification imageryanalysis,This paper presented a novel approach based on independentcomponent analysis for hyperspectralunmixing,it introducing the constraints of abundance nonnegative and abundancesum-to-one，the purpose of our algorithm was not to findindependent components as decomposition results anymore．It developed an abundance modeling technique todescribe the statistical distribution of the data．Themodeling approach is capable of self-adaptation，andcan be applied to hyperspectral images with different characteristics．Experimental results demonstrated that the proposedapproach can obtain more accurate results than the other state-of-the-artapproaches．
Color Gray Research of Software Interface Design Based on Optical Display Equipment
Authors: Ma Fu Jun , Song Fang Hao , Liu Yan
Published: September 2013

There is a quite difference between optical devices displayed color and printed color. The visual relationship of color gray is an important factor of the visual interface impact. Based on LED optical display screen, this paper selects typical web interface as experimental subjects; after Matlab experimental data analysis, study gray value of interface design color to explore the influence of gray value of interface design on interface visual effects, offers design rules of the color gray from area relationship, shape relationship, and collocation relationship of color gray, which provides a useful reference for interface designers.
Design and Implementation of the Steel Enterprise MES Based on CICS
Authors: Liu Ping Ping , Li Long
Published: September 2013

The CICS middleware offers the implement of MES a transaction management environment. It is suitable for the steel enterprises which need to use the MES to enforce the production automation and management information. This paper presents a three-tier intermediate platform based on CICS middleware which can shield the different hardware and software platform behind it and ensure the accurate and reliable data transmission. It focuses on the design and implementation process of application software system based on CICS, describing the software framework, modules and technology of the system.
Data Compression Method for Road 3D Scene Real-Time Network Transmission
Authors: Li Wei , Pu Hao , Zhao Hai Feng , Cai Yi Chang
Published: September 2013

In view of the contradiction between massive data of road 3D scene and bandwidth of current network transmission, a data real-time compression method for massive 3D road scene is proposed. Firstly, three-dimensional coordinates are reduced to two-dimensional by localization. The bit rate is also significantly reduced by relative treatment. Secondly, the inter-frame prediction method applicable to road scene rendering is proposed in order to reduce data redundancy of adjacent stations. Thirdly, a lossless and high compact data format is defined to store the coordinates for road scene network transmission. Finally, the bit stream is further compressed by using adaptive arithmetic coding and thus higher compression ratio is obtained. Applications show that this compression method meets the requirements of road scene real-time network transmission.
Human Metallothionein Enhanced Tolerance and Biosorption of Cadmium when Expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Liang Bo , Li Min , Shang Jie
Published: September 2013

The recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing human hepatic metallothionein (MT) was constructed for biosorption of cadmium (II). The gene sequence of mt was modified for codon preference of S. cerevisiae and synthesized using chemical method. The maximal biosorption capability of cadmium compounds Cd2+ of the recombinant increased more than 25.8% compared with the control. For MT-expressed recombinant strains, a rapid adsorption occurred within the first 30 min with a significant level of Cd2+ (55.75mg/g). For comparison, S. cerevisiae cells reach its maximal Cd2+ adsorption capacity (45.02 mg/g) until 2h. Furthermore, recombinant strain were able to withstand the toxicity of Cd2+ and grow. The results indicated that recombinant should be useful in enhancement the tolerance and biosorption of cadmium in practice.
Elimination of EDTA in Aqueous Solution by Bimetallic Fe-Cu Process
Authors: Liu Xin , Fan Jin Hong , Ma Lu Ming
Published: September 2013

Oxidative degradation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in aqueous solution at normal temperature and pressure by the bimetallic Fe-Cu, which was verified by ESR spectroscopy, was investigated. The results showed that the removal efficiency of EDTA, TOC and TN could be about 99%, 60% and 39% respectively after 3h reaction. The degradation products were iminodiacetate, formate and acetate. The effects of initial pH, concentration of EDTA, Cu content and Fe-Cu loading were also investigated. Significantly, the bimetallic Fe-Cu process exhibited higher reactivity than monometallic Fe0process for the degradation of EDTA and it would not cause new heavy metal pollution in effluent.
Analysis of Crack Resistance for Hybrid Fiber Mortar
Authors: Li Yi , Dong Jin Xia , Zhang Shuang , Tong Ke Hui
Published: September 2013

Due to the poor reproducibility of traditional plate method, the new knife-edge binding method is chosen to study the effects and the impact law in the crack resistance of the cement mortar with fiber in it. Mortar specimens with an equal volume of ash (0.1%) single-doped, mixed-doped polypropylene fiber and basalt fiber compared to the plain matrix mortar specimens on cracking performance tests within 24h. The results showed that: For the single-doped specimen, the longer the fiber the more excellent of its crack resistance, 30mm basalt fiber mortar improves the cracking performance by 99.1%; for the mixed-doped specimen, with the similar length of polypropylene fibers and basalt fiber mixed in have the optimal performance,the cracking performance improves 99.5%; With mixed fiber types (three kinds of fiber mixed-doped) increasing, although the specimen crack resistance decreased, but still increase the rate of 75.6% in the cracking performance.
The Measurement of Composite Property Based on Bayes Formula
Authors: Jiang Miao Miao , Hu Liu Chun , Nie Yin Yu , Zhou Rui Wen , Lu Chang
Published: September 2013

The application of Bayesian estimation methods in the measurement of composite performance is studied in this paper. At first, the traditional measurement method of the composite performance and its disadvantages are described. In addition, the Bayesian method is reviewed and the Bayesian estimation theory is briefly introduced. Then the hardness of the compound interface of 42CrMo-ductile iron composite is obtained by applying the Bayesian estimation theory. In this way, the method has been extended.
Development and Performance Study on Sportswear Fabrics
Authors: Liu Yan Jun , Feng Xiao Fang
Published: September 2013

According to the properties of cleancool fiber, two different kind of fabrics for sportswear were designed in this paper first, then fabrics properties of bursting strength, air permeability, ygroscopicity and anti-bacterial Property were test, and according to the test results, the durability performance, thermo-hydro comfortbility and anti-bacterial property of the developed fabrics were analyzed. The analyzing results indicated that developed fabrics have excellent performance and they are suitable for making high quality sportswear .
Dynamics Analysis in Materials on Solid Wastes Separation Sieve and Selection and Calculation of Kinetic Parameters
Authors: Jiang Jing , Xie Yuan Hua , Han Jin , Liu Shu Ying , Wen Bang Chun
Published: September 2013

The paper presents the structural characteristics of solid wastes separation sieve. Pieces of plastic film and sandstones with different friction factors and elasticity coefficients are chosen as the research objects. The motion and the separation mechanism of materials in the sorting process are studied. According to the motion analysis on pieces of plastic film and sandstones on solid wastes separation sieve, it can be concluded that the materials with different friction factors and elasticity coefficients can all be sorted by solid wastes separation sieve. The more difference they have in friction factors and elasticity coefficients, the better separation performance can be achieved. The selection and calculation on the kinetic parameters of solid wastes separation sieve is carried out, which provides the theory evidence for the design of new friction sorting equipment and opens up new prospects for the application of solid wastes separation sieve.
Finite Element Analysis of Axially Loaded RPC Filled Long Circular Steel Tube Columns
Authors: Yan Zhi Gang , Yang Jun , Luo Hua
Published: September 2013

In recent years, Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) has been concerned by the structural engineers and researchers. RPC is a kind of cement-based composite which has ultra-high strength, high ductility and durability, however, it has great fragility. The fragility performance of RPC will be improved if RPC and steel are put together as RPC-filled steel tube circular stub columns. The aim of this paper is to develop accurate finite element models to simulate the behavior of RPC-filled steel tube circular long columns. The finite element program ABAQUS is used in the analysis. An extensive parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of different slenderness ratio and confinement action on the strength and behavior of RPC-filled steel tube circular long columns. The results obtained from the models are verified against the results of the tests. The results show that the rising part of load-strain curves are in good agreements with experiment results.
Visual Monitoring Technology of the Tunnel 3D Laser Scanning and Engineering Applications
Authors: Wu Sheng Lin , Deng Hong Liang , Chen Kai Jiang , Zhu Ming Yan , Huang Dong Hui , Fu Si Yuan
Published: September 2013

Tunnel monitoring and measurement is a very important part of the tunnel construction safety andit is one of the important contents of tunnels on Railway Passenger Dedicated Lines segment acceptance, Its purpose is through the tunnel clearance convergence and settlement observation,to analysis data, optimize tunnel construction and design, and determine a reasonable safety step and support time, protect tunnel construction and operational safety, Although the domestic and foreign on tunnel monitoring measurement work are very seriously, but at present the requirements of monitoring level and information construction are far away. This article based on 3D laser scanning technology, proposed tunnel 3D laser scanning measurement and data visualization technology, through the engineering application and practice, the results show that the technique can be real-time, accurate and comprehensive to get the deformation data of tunnel space,and can analysis and counter-analysis the deformation of tunnel construction, it has greatapplication value of engineering for early warning forecast the risk and guidingtunnel construction.
Performance of the Glass-Ceramic Coating Prepared by Slurry Spraying Technique
Authors: Hu Hai Bo , Jia Yang , Fang Zhen Qi , Zhou Hong Ming
Published: September 2013

The SiO2-BaO-CaO-MgO-ZnO glass-ceramic (GC) coating was prepared on the surface of the nickel based alloy GH140 by slurry spraying technique. Morphology, phase and elemental composition of the glass-ceramic before or after isothermal oxidation for 96h at 1000°C were investigated by SEM, XRD and EDX,. Results showed that the glass-ceramic was mainly composed of BaSiO4 and MgCrO4, and the amount of them both increased after being oxidized for 96h. Compared with bare GH140, GC/GH140 presented a pretty good antioxidant capacity. Before oxidation, white elongated crystals were homogeneously distributed in the glass phases, and a thin transitional layer had already been formed between glass-ceramic and substrate. During the oxidation process, the surface morphology of GC/GH140 became coarse, and small black Si-rich crystals appeared and well-distributed in the coating. Meanwhile, Cr and Ti in the substrate diffused to the interface, which lead to the formation of an oxide-rich interface that protected the substrate from further oxidation.
The Compilation and Study of Design Case for Railway Passenger Car
Authors: Feng Yan Shuang , Jing Dong , Wei Song , Liang Kan , Shi Xin Yue
Published: September 2013

To establish a learning and communication platform of design problem and solutions among designers for eliminating repetitive design errors become an important and urgent task. The analysis report on typical design case is a technical management method, which is a reliable and effective way to solve the problem mentioned above. This article expounds the implementation of the analysis report on typical design case and makes the suggestion on future design case study.
Application of the Pre-Stressed Concrete Box-Girder with Corrugated Steel Webs in Bridge Engineering in China
Authors: Li Shu Qin , Wan Shui
Published: September 2013

The pre-stressed composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs is a new kind structure, which includes corrugated steel webs, external pre-stressed cables and shear connectors that connect the corrugated steel webs and the concrete flange slab. In recent years more and more attention has been given to this kind structure and important achievement has been got in bridge engineering in China. In this paper three pre-stressed composite box-girder bridges with corrugated steel webs in China are introduced. Design experiences about the bridges are summarized, and their construction are discussed.
Design of a New Multifunctional Motorized Wheel for Urban Electric Vehicle
Authors: Yang Wei Hua , Li You Rong , Fang Zi Fan , He Kong De
Published: September 2013

In order to save energy and protect environment, above all ,to adapt to the requirement of the future city traffic, a new motorized wheel system for mini electric vehicle including in-wheel motor, brake and suspension was proposed .The structure schemes of in-wheel motor, suspension and brake were selected, then the project of directly driven electric wheel system was formed. Some essential performance indexes of electric vehicle considering the traffic condition and environment of city road were studied. According to these performance requirements of electric vehicle, the power and rotational speed of in-wheel motor were reasonably determined. Finally, a multifunctional, high efficient and integrated electric wheel system was established. Results can be used as reference for the research and development of the motorized wheel.
The Development Trend of New Garment Materials and the Application of Compounding Technology
Authors: Wang Xiao Ye , Wang Xue
Published: September 2013

This paper describes the development trend of new textile material, which is elaborated with the example of PLA fibre to illustrate the advantage of synthetic fibre. Additionally, the application of compounding technology in clothing is briefly introduced.
Highway Tunnel Ventilation Technology Energy-Saving Assessment Based on Matter-Element Model
Authors: Chu Cheng Zan , Zhu Chuan Zheng , Wang Yao
Published: September 2013

In recent years, with the rapid increase of tunnel percentage in Midwestern highway construction, the tunnel operation cost rise quickly. In the cost, energy consumption of tunnel ventilation and illumination occupies a great proportion. In order to realize energy-saving and emission-reduction, there have been some new ventilation technology, for instance, the improved ventilation device, the improved ventilation method, and some new ventilation control technology. However after some new technology was applied, the phenomenon of energy-saving but not money-saving appeared. For the scientific and objective evaluation of highway tunnel ventilation technology energy-saving effect, construct evaluation index system from the three dimensions of technology usability, economy, and application effect, and then evaluate the energy-saving effect based on matter-element model. The result of assessment will give decision support for the later selection of highway tunnel ventilation technology proposal.
Resistance and Strength Analysis of Three Hulls with Different Knuckles
Authors: Li Ya Nan , Zhou Jun Wei , Wang Da Zheng , Cui Yong Gang
Published: September 2013

Three FRP fishing vessel hulls with different knuckles, the two knuckles ship, the round bilge ship and the single knuckle ship (hereinafter using abbreviation the TKS, the RBS, and the SKS, respectively), are studied to reduce resistance and enhance strength. Here the TKS is a variation design from the RBS. And the knuckles on the hull were designed paralleled with the streamlines of the hull surface of the RBS at the design speed, and the SKS is applied as the comparison ship. The resistance of the three hulls is predicted using the CFD software FLOW-3D, at the same time, the midship section modulus of the three hulls is calculated in this paper. It shows that the resistance of the TKS is slightly lower than that of the RBS at the design speed, and about 50% lower than that of the SKS. On the other side, the strength of the TKS increased about 15% than the RBS, and 6.9% than the SKS.
Study and Design of Integrated System of Electromagnetic and Frictional Brake of Car
Authors: Shi Jun , He Ren , Gu Xiao Dan
Published: September 2013

To solve the brake thermal recession of traditional brake, an integrated brake of double-disc frictional and electromagnetic was proposed. For a certain car, the integrated brake of double-disc frictional with electromagnetic was designed. Through simulation and bench test, torque characteristic of the integrated brake was studied. Results showed that the theoretical designing curve agreed well with the experimental curve. The electromagnetic brake device of the integrated brake can provide a braking torque for 180-202N.m, thus it can effectively improve the brake thermal recession.
Dynamic Response Analysis of Small Oil Tanker Based on AQWA
Authors: Xu Jin Hao , Liu Yue Qin , Chen Chao He
Published: September 2013

Ship navigation performance more and more attention in real sea conditions.To study the properties of ship motion in waves, Applling hydrodynamics calculation software for AQWA-line and AQWA-AGS modules and taking into account the role of random wave load, 2450DWT a small oil tanker in simulation and analysis of a campaign response under sea conditions, Calculate shipping in several waves under the angle of vertical and horizontal swing, heave, pitch, roll and the first rolling response amplitude operators of RAOs, additional parameters such as quality and radiation damping. Application of spectrum analysis method, ITTC wave with two parameters, which strike the spectral density of ship motion, and finally using Excel to calculate sprawling forecast prediction of ship under irregular wave.
Simulation Research of Flow and Speed on Urban Expressway Interchange Entrance
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Yu Jie , Wang Ling Yu
Published: September 2013

The urban expressway overpass entrance is an important node of the urban road system. Traffic jams often happen at entrance. The characteristics of urban expressway entrance and the advantages of the microscopic traffic simulation were combined to analyze capacity of entrance. VISSIM simulation software was used and the validity of the simulation model was verified. The influence of the main road traffic flow and the desired speed of entrance to flow and speed of the urban expressway entrance were analyzed through simulation experiment. On the whole, traffic capacity of urban expressway entrance reduces with the increase of traffic flow on the main road. The higher the desired speed is, the faster traffic capacity reduces. The increase of speed and control of main road traffic flow is of great significance for improving the capacity and service level of expressway.
Experimental Study on Longitudinal Sliding Friction Coefficient of Sedan Braking
Authors: Zhao Gui Fan , Zhang Zhen , Qing Ke , Xiao Hong Yuan
Published: September 2013

The factors relation to the longitudinal sliding friction coefficient of sedan braking are numerous,and the affects of each factor are complex.This paper selects speed, load,tire pressure,road surface properties,road conditions,through orthogonal experiment,getting the influence degree of each factor.Regarding to the large range of sedan speed,studying the relationship between the friction coefficient and the speed,and getting the influence trend.
Location Optimization of Airport Emergency Firefighting System
Authors: Zhou Chang Chun , Hu Dong Dong
Published: September 2013

Perfect firefighting system and reasonable distribution of infrastructure resource for airports can make a big difference on severity of accidents. This paper built a net model of firefighting system for airports based on amount of investigation. What is more, this paper improved the typical short-path problem in operational research. Improved model can be used to optimize location of airports firefighting system. These optimization results can provide a quantitative basis for building of firefighting device. In fact, location optimization of airport emergency firefighting system can reduce response time when airports emergency accidents happen.
A Study of Characteristic Fragmentation of Different C- and O-Glycosylation Position Flavonoids and their Aglycone by Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Guo Xue Feng , Yue Yong De , Tang Feng , Sun Jia
Published: September 2013

Flavonoids are important bioactive natural compounds, so the differentiation and structural characterization of flavonoids are important research topics. This research results provided valuable mass spectral data and reliable information for the identification of differentC- andO-glycosylation position flavonoids and their aglycone. The high resolution electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was employed to identify one 8-C-glycosyl flavonoid, one 4-O-glycosyl, one 7-O-glycosyl, and two 3-O-glycosyl flavonoids and four aglycone in negative and positive ion mode with collision-induced dissociation. The characteristic ions of differentC- andO-glycosylation position flavonoids and their aglycone were summarized and the fragmentation pathways were proposed in negative and positive ion mode. The MS/MS spectra obtained by UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis could be used for the structural characterization and differentiation of these compounds. These results have practical applications for the rapid identification and structural characterization of these compounds present in crude bioactive extracts or mixtures.
Enrichment of Peptide with Graphene for MALDI-TOF MS Analysis
Authors: Ye Neng Sheng , Xie Ya Li , Liu Chang , Li Jian
Published: September 2013

In this paper, graphene was used as the adsorbent for peptide enrichment, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. To study the adsorptive property of graphene, peptide angiotensin II was chosen as the model target. The enrichment material was analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS directly without desorption step. As a result, graphene showed good adsorptive capacity for peptide. After enrichment, the peak intensity and the signal-to-noise ratio were obviously increased.
Synthesis and In Vitro Anti-Ulcer Effect of Bisabolangelone Oxime Ether Derivatives
Authors: Wu Fang Fang , Song Yu Rong , Zhang Jiao Yu , Chen Lei , Wang Jun Zhi
Published: September 2013

Four bisabolangelone oxime ether derivatives were synthesized and separated as potential anti-ulcer agents. Their structures were characterized by NMR, IR and ESI-MS. Preliminarily H+/K+-ATPase activity evaluation indicated that all the target oxime ethers exhibited the better H+/K+-ATPase inhibitory activities than the commercial omeprazole with the IC50of 17~46 μM. These compounds might be used as potential anti-ulcer agents in the treatment of acid-related diseases.
Microbial Hydroxylation of Progesterone with Phomopsis Sp.
Authors: Du Gang , Lai Tian Chao , Yang Hai Ying , Sun Jing Xian , Chen Ming Hong , Zhang Guang Qiu
Published: September 2013

Microbial hydroxylation of progesterone occurred in the biotransformation by Phomopsis sp.. The conversion products were purified by column chromatography with ether/EtOAc and characterized by spectroscopic methods including 1HNMR, 13C NMR, IR, UV and MS. Those conversion products were identified as 11α-hydroxyprogesterone (2), 11α,15β-dihydroxy progesterone (3),11α-dihydroxypreg-1,4-dien-3,20-dione (4), 6β,15βdihydroxypregesterone (5) and 7β,15βdihydroxypregesterone (6).
Study on Synthesis of (S)-Methyl 2-(2, 2, 5, 5-Tetramethyl-1, 3-Dioxolan-4-Yl)Thiazole-4-Carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester
Authors: Chen Shi Peng , Zhang Jian Ting , Liu Dong Wang , Tang Lin Jun , Feng Jun Ming , Wang Xiao Ji , Huang Shuang Ping
Published: September 2013

(S)-methyl 2-(2, 2, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3-dioxolan-4-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, the unit containing thiazole of a cyclic depsipeptide Lyngbyabellin A which exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against KB and LoVo cells, was synthesized from methyl 3, 3-dimethylacrylate in overall yield 13.8% through nine steps, including asymmetric dihydroxylation, 2, 2-dimethoxypropane protection, saponification, coupling reaction, sulphonation, diazotization, cyclization, oxidation, and so on.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Novel Antitumor Agent Aurone Derivatives
Authors: Guo Qian Nan , Lv Lei , Zhou Yao , Yu Peng , Teng Yuou
Published: September 2013

Aurones belong to a class of heterocyclic flavonoids which contains a benzofuran element associated with a benzylidene linked in position 2. Aurones possess a wide range of pharmacological activities and biological activities, such as antitumor, antifungal, phytoalexin and so on. A novel series of 2-ayl-yl (5-methacrylate) aurone analogues were synthesized in six steps with the overall yield of 11%-13% and characterized by 1H NMR. Among the key intermediates and target compounds, 2-(2-furan-ylmethylene)-5-methacrylate-benzofuran-3(2H)-one (7a) and 2-(2-thienyl-ylmethylene)-5-methacrylate-benzofuran-3(2H)-one (7b) have never been reported before. Primary biological activities evaluation showed that 7a exhibited good inhibitory activities against K562 with an IC50 of 2.18 μM and against HepG2 with an IC50 of 3.95μM.
Synthesis and Identification of the Ciprofloxacin Hapten-Protein Conjugates
Authors: Huang Xuan Yun , Huang Dong Mei , Shi Yong Fu , Feng Bing , Yu Hui Juan , Cai You Qiong
Published: September 2013

In order to generate the specific antibody of small molecular hapten-ciprofloxacin for detecting the Ciprofloxacin residues in edible animal tissues. A modified Carbodiimide coupling method was developed to obtain the immunogenic conjugates through coupling ciprofloxacin with bovine serum albumin in five different proportions. The conjugates were characterized and verified by electrophoresis,the trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS) method and ultraviolet spectra scanning. A quantitative analysis of the density of ciprofloxacin-bovine serum albumin conjugates suggested that a high conjugate density 30:1 could be obtained in the optimized conditions. By immunizing the mice, the antibody showed high sensitivity toward ciprofloxacin with an IC50of 4.69 ng/ml. This study confirmed a practical approach for the ciprofloxacin-bovine serum albumin conjugates, through which the high potent antisera specific for ciprofloxacin hapten can be produced for immunoassay.
The Effect of Oviductus Rana Hydrolysate on the Immunity Function of Low-Immunity Mice
Authors: Zhang Tie Hua , Che Yu Fei , Yan Hai Yang , Tian Lu , Ye Hai Qing , Li Xi , Jiang Zhuo Jun , Zhang Xin Yu
Published: September 2013

Oviductus rana is a traditional medicinal product of Jilin province, China. The objective of this study was to observe the effects of the oviductus rana hydrolysate on the immune functions of immunosuppressed mice. For the purpose, this product was hydrolyzed by the combination of papain and compound proteases for which the optimum conditions of hydrolysis were also achieved. The optimum hydrolysis conditions found in this study were: composite enzyme concentration 4%; temperature 50 °C; time 4 h. The results showed that the coefficients of spleen and thymus were increased in the dose groups (P<0.05) whom oviductus rana hydrolysates were given in different concentrations as compared to the model group (without oviductus rana hydrolysate). These parameters increased as a function of concentration of oviductus rana hydrolysate. Carbon particle clearance index were also higher in the dose groups than that of model group and control. This index was the highest in the high dose group and increased as a function of dose of oviductus rana hydrolysate. The ability of macrophage as well as the delayed type hypersensitivity increased significantly in the dose groups (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the contents of IgM and IgG were also raised (P<0.01) in middle and low dose groups whereas decreased in high dose groups. It is found that oviducts rana hydrolysate had a marked effect on the immunity of immune-suppressed mice.
Study on Antifungal Properties of Bacteriocin Produced by Lactobacillus and Application in Fruit Preservation
Authors: Zhou Hui Min , Jia Na , Zhang Hong Xing , Xie Yuan Hong , Liu Hui , Kong Bao Hua , Luo Yun Bo
Published: September 2013

Strawberry is among the most perishable fruits and vulnerable to physical injuries and fungal invasion. To explore the effects of bacteriocin treatment on strawberry preservation, the inhibitory effect of bacteriocin produced byLactobacillusonBotrytiscinereawas investigated. Meanwhile, the variation of weight-loss ratio, total soluble solids (TSS) and vitamin C content were determined after treatment of bacteriocin on field-grown strawberry. The results showed that spore germination ofB. cinereawas significantly inhibited by bacteriocin at volume percentage of 20%, and bacteriocin inhibited increasing of weight-loss ratio, maintained more ascorbic acid, kept taste of strawberries. Therefore, bacteriocin is a kind of high efficiency natural preservatives and can be applied to the fruit preservation.
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Judgments in Fruit Production
Authors: Zhang Yao Li , Du Bin , Chen Jing , Zhong Xin
Published: September 2013

In the applications of HACCP, hazard analysis (HA) and the determination of critical control points (CCP) are particularly important. For example, in fruit production, using hazard risk assessment to quantify the damage, to determine the significant harm, then using tree key control point evaluation and providing general methods for HACCP critical control points to judge. There are rich fruit tree resources in our country, the fruit trees of economic value has more than 30, including apple, orange, pear, banana, peach, hawthorn, plum, apricot, cherry, grape, litchi, longan, pineapple, mango, persimmon, jujube and kiwi, etc. In recent years, the development of fruit industry is fast in China, the fruit production has increased to 214.014 million t in 2010 from 161.201 million t in 2005. As people living standard enhancement, the fruits quality and safety are becoming more and more important. Fruits quality and safety have become an important factor that restricts the development of fruit industry in our country.
Quality Control Research and Analysis of Fruit and Vegetable in Beijing Supermarket
Authors: Chen Jing , Shen Li , Zhong Xin
Published: September 2013

The research objects are 24 supermarkets in Beijing which have been investigated the procurement channel and quality inspection of fruit and vegetables by visiting market. The results showed that currently there are four supplying modes applied in Beijing area supermarket: self-cultivation base, farmer professional cooperatives, super agricultural butt and supermarket - wholesale market ". And the main quality control measures focus on inspecting supplier and supermarket self-checking and sampling. At the same time, this article also puts forward some recommendations aiming at the supermarket chain of fruit quality control.
Rheological Properties of Soy Hull Pectic Polysaccharide Affected by Citric Acid and Sucrose
Authors: Liu He , Li Jun , Guo Xiao Fei , Li Qing Hua , Liu Jun Shan , Geng Ping , Zhu Dan Shi
Published: September 2013

In this study, the effects of citric acid and sucrose on rheological properties of soy hull pectin polysaccharide were analyzed. Sucrose can increase viscosity of SHPP and change its fluid type when the concentration was higher than 50%. Citric acid can induced SHPP gelation when sucrose was contained in the dispersions. Based on the results, SHPP has the properties of commercial high-methoxyl pectin.
Antioxidant Activity of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Leaves Extracts on Pork Patties during Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Jin Zhong , Liu Qian , Kong Bao Hua , Li Jing , Chen Qian
Published: September 2013

This experiment was conducted to assess the antioxidant efficacy of Seabuckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides)leaves extracts (SLE) in raw pork patties during chilled storage at 4 °C for 0-7 days. The pork patties were analyzed periodically for chemical characteristics, such as pH value, colour, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances value (TBARS), peroxide value (POV) and protein carbonyls content. Compared with the control, SLE treatments significantly decreased the TBARs and POV values and carbonyls formation of pork patties in a dose-dependent manner (P< 0.05), which showed that the SLE significantly inhibited lipid and protein oxidation. The results of this study suggested that the antioxidant activities of seabuckthorn leaves extracts could have great effect on improving the quality characterizes of pork patties and prolong its shelf life.
Optimization of Soybean-Peptide Beverages Formulation by Using Fuzzy Logical Sensory Evaluation
Authors: Cheng Li , Ma Wei , Liu Qi , Zhang Jun , Xu Yong Kang , Zhang Xue , Zhang Meng Ran , Han Bing , Huang Shao Xuan
Published: September 2013

Soybean-peptide, sugar, citric acid and concentrated orange juice as the raw material, orthogonal design and fuzzy logical sensory evaluation were applied together to obtain the best formulation of the soybean-peptide beverages. A L9(34) orthogonal array design (OAD) was adopted to prepare nine soybean-peptide beverages. By using fuzzy logical sensory evaluation, the acceptability of these samples was studied. The results indicated that the ranking of sensory attributes for the beverage as follows: Taste > Color > Odor > Appearance; the order of the influence of the raw materials to the acceptability for the beverage as follows: Concentrated orange juice > Soybean-peptide > Citric acid > Sugar; and the best formulation of the soybean-peptide beverages is 5% Peptide-powder, 8% sugar, 0.05% citric acid and 5% concentrated orange juice.
Identification of a Lactic Acid Bacteria Strain from Traditional Dairy Products
Authors: Jiao Yue Hua , Zhang Lan Wei , Liu Fei
Published: September 2013

In this study, API 50CH strips and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis were used to determine the species and genus of strain LD33 isolated from traditional dairy products, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA4 software with Neighbor-Joining method analysis, the results showed that LD33 had a closest relationship with Enterococcus faecalis ATCC19433T (DQ411814), there was 100% sequence similarity between them.
Changes of the Flavonoid and Phenolic Acid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Tartary Buckwheat Beer during the Fermentation
Authors: Liu Ying , Ma Ting Jun , Chen Jie
Published: September 2013

Through determinated the changes of composition and activity during the fermentation period of buckwheat beer , then analyzed the relationship by used SAS 9.0 software. Determined the monomer flavonoid, monomer phenolic acids by HPLC, antioxidant activity by against the ABTS and DPPH. The results show that the amount of total flavonoid (from 0.607±0.047 g·L-1to 0.519±0.038 g·L-1), total phenolic acids (from 0.690±0.060 g·L-1to 0.395±0.034 g·L-1) change during fermentation . Tartary buckwheat beer exhibits strong DPPH (103.904±0.361 VCEAC mg·L-1) and ABTS (25.018±0.268 VCEAC mg·L-1) radical scavenging activities.The rutin, quercetin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid,and p-coumaric acid show a downward trend, however,the isoquercitrin, gallic acid display the rising trend. At the same time,the regression equation as Y2( Total phenolic) = 0.31595 + 2.10834X5(Quercetin)(P<0.05), Y3( ABTS[VCEA ) = 47.75299 23.78253X8(Ferulic acid)(P,0.05).
The Rheological Properties of κ-Carrageenan-Konjac Gum Mixed Gel
Authors: Wei Yu , Wang Yuan Lan
Published: September 2013

The rheological properties of κ-Carrageenan-Konjac Gum Mixed Gel were investigated by using dynamic rheological analysis. Results showed that the mixture of κ-Carrageenan and Konjac Gum had higher modulus of elasticity than single κ-Carrageenan or Konjac Gum. Blends solution has a good pseudo-plastic behavior at low concentrations, viscosity declined rapidly with shear rate increased. K+ and Ca2+ participated in the gelatin process and under the controlled condition might enhance force among molecules. With the temperature increasing G' and G" increased, and G' and G" presented suddenly change at 60-70 °C. Small amplitude oscillatory tests in the linear domain of viscoelasticity showed that κ-Carrageenan played the major role in the viscoelasticity of the mixture, and Konjac gum strengthened the gel-net configuration and stability.
Isolation and Characterization of Acid-Soluble Collagen from the Skin of Amiurus nebulosus
Authors: Chen Li Li , Zhao Li , Yuan Mei Lan , Su Wei , Liu Hua
Published: September 2013

During fish processing, a large amount of waste, of the original raw materials is generated, such as skin, bone, scale, viscera and head. These useful resources have been mainly used as feedstuff or fertiliser with low value. To make more effective use of underutilized resources, collagen was isolated from the skin of Amiurus nebulosus using acetic acid and characterized for their potential usage in commercial applications. The yield of acid-soluble collagen (ASC) was 62.05% while the maximum absorbance of ASC was at 234 nm. Amino acid composition and SDS - PAGE suggested that the collagen is possibly possessive of type I collagen. Moreover, FTIR investigations showed the existence of helical arrangements of collagen where the denaturation temperature (Td) and shrinkage temperature (Ts) were 29.8°C and 65.12°C, respectively. There is a possibility that ASC could be utilized as an alternative source of collagen for food, cosmetic, biomedical and pharmaceutical purposes.
Spectroscopic Studies of Pyrene Adsorbed to Titanium Dioxide from Water- Alcohol Mixtures
Authors: Jin Xing , Lian Ji Lan
Published: September 2013

Pyrene was adsorbed to a TiO2 surface from water-alcohol mixture solutions at 25°C and pyrene-TiO2 particles were recovered by filtration. We found that the surface of TiO2 thus recovered is relatively hydrophobic and pyrene is not decomposed but keep its fluorescence characteristics on the spectral measurement under ultraviolet excitation.
Application of Amiurus nebulosus Skins Collagen in Mayonnaise
Authors: Wang Ya Ting , Chen Li Li , Zhao Li
Published: September 2013

Using Amiurus nebulosus skins collagen as a kind of emulsifier in the mayonnaise, instead of a part of yolk. Based on the viscosity and organoleptic evaluation to determine the optimal formula: 0.2% Amiurus nebulosus skins collagen, 72% oil, 12.5% yolk, 9% water, 2.0% salt, 2.0% sugar, 1.1% monosodium glutamate and 1.5% spice. The experimental result showed that Amiurus nebulosus skins collagen had the advantage of emulsifying and mouthful in mayonnaise application.
Study of Ultrasonic-Freeze-Thaw-Cycle Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharide and Phycobiliprotein from Gracilaria lemaneiformis
Authors: Liu Ming Qiu , Yang Xian Qing , Qi Bo , Li Lai Hao , Deng Jian Chao , Hu Xiao
Published: September 2013

Ultrasonic-freeze-thaw-cycle assisted extraction was used to synchronously extract polysaccharide and phycobiliprotein from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. Firstly, different solvents (deionized water, sodium hydroxide, phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and calcium chloride solution) were screened, and PBS (1 mM, pH 6.8) was considered as the best solvent for its OD565 value (0.086±0.0003) and OD595 value (0.471±0.002), which was significantly higher than any other solvents (p<0.05). Moreover, an L9 (3)4 orthogonal test was carried out to optimize extraction conditions, based on the single-factor test. The results indicated that the optimized conditions were fixed as follows: the ratio of solid to liquid 1:25 (w/v), 2 times of freeze-thaw cycles, ultrasound power 320 W and ultrasound time 10 min, which obtained the optimum yield and purity of polysaccharide and phycobiliprotein, 30.54%, 1.36% and 0.296, respectively. As a result, ultrasonic-freeze-thaw-cycle assisted extraction is considered to be an effective, economic and eco-environmental method to extract polysaccharide and phycobiliprotein.
Research on Predominant Volatile Compounds of Grass Carp Meat
Authors: Shi Wen Zheng , Chen Qing Yun , Wang Xi Chang , Wan Jin Qing
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the dorsal meat of grass carp was used as research object. The volatile compounds of grass carp were extracted and concentrated by headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME). Then the volatiles were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that SPME-GC-MS was effective to analysis of the volatiles in grass carp meat. According to GC-MS, 42 volatile compounds were detected in dorsal meat of grass carp. The volatile components are mostly carbonyl compounds and alcohols, and the relative contents are 95.74%. The method of odor activity value was applied to determine predominant volatile components of grass carp. There are 12 predominant components were determined in dorsal meat of grass carp, including: 1-Octen-3-ol, 2,6-Nonadienal, Nonanal, (E,E)-2,4-Decadienal, (E,Z)-2,4-Decadienal, Hexanal, 2-Nonenal, Octanal, 2-Decenal, Heptanal, Heptanol and 2-Octenal etc. The study will enrich the theoretical knowledge of flavor chemistry .
Dynamic Analysis of Pesticide Degradation in Off-Season Vegetables Stored in Frozen Conditions
Authors: Zhou Xue Qing , Feng Yu Hong , Xie Yan Li , Zhao Zhen Dong
Published: September 2013

Nowadays, public concern over food safety, especially the potential health risk to humans cause by the high levels of pesticide residues, has increased. In general, people usually refrigerate fresh vegetable in order to keep their freshness intact for longer duration of time. Very few research studies have investigated the correlation between refrigerated vegetables and degradation of pesticide residue. Gas chromatography was used to conduct dynamic analysis of pesticide degradation in off-season vegetables, which are kept in cold storage conditions. Cowpea and balsam pear samples were extracted with acetonitrile. The resultant extracts were purified in SPE column filled with cleanert pesticarb. Thereafter, the eluant extracts were determined through gas chromatography coupled with μECD. Matrix-matched calibrations were analyzed through GC-ECD, where in the limits of quantification varied between 0.0005 and 0.0026mg/kg. The linear coefficients of correlation varied between 0.9916 and 0.9997. Recoveries on cowpea and balsam pear were in the range 74.7%~98.8%. Based on the residue dynamics study, the half-lives of the five pesticides in cowpea were as follows: chlorpyrifos: 247d, chlorfenapyr: 407d, bifenthrin: 462d, cyhalothrin: 346d, and cis-cypermethrin: 315d. In balsam pear samples, the half-lives of the five pesticides were as follows:chlorpyrifos: 150d, chlorfenapyr: 187d, bifenthrin: 433d, cyhalothrin: 266d, and cis-cypermethrin: 210d. The residue of five pesticides in cowpea and balsam pear underwent slow degradation in cold storage conditions. In this study, the findings serve as important reference data, which can be used by the concerned state authorities in formulating the limit of pesticide residue in food.
Research for Removing the Surface Floating Oil of Wood Vinegar
Authors: Yu Qian , Gao Quan , Bi Ming Fang , Yu Lin , Yang Jun Tao , Shen Liang , Liang Lai Di
Published: September 2013

Wood vinegar, as one of the main products of pyrolysis of wood, is very useful, but its system is not stable, easy to produce surface floating oil and precipitation. By test, it was found that 200 mg cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB) was added to a liter of wood vinegar, and was stirred for 2 hours, wood vinegar surface floating oil and precipitation could be greatly reduced . It would provide useful data for the subsequent development of the wood vinegar.
Comparison of the A²/O and Reversed A²/O Process at Low Organic Loading in Wuhan Shahu WWTP and the Optimized Program
Authors: Wang Xun , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2013

Based on the actual operation of Wuhan Shanhu WWTP, and combined with the actual feature of A2/O process and reversed A2/O process, this text analyzed the practical effect of which the CODcr is only 48% of the design value and the sludge load is 15.2% of the design value, and the reason for the aged-sludge and the high effluent value of NH3-N, proposed corresponding adjustment and optimized operation program. The result of optimal operation mode shows that the biodegradable organic matter content in activated sludge increases from 49% to 78%. The effluent quality is superior to the first level B criteria specified in the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002). The electric consumption saves 0.09kWh/m.
Practices in the Management of Domestic Fats, Oil and Grease
Authors: Ho Yuek Ming , Berahim Nur Azura
Published: September 2013

Obstruction by fats, oil and grease (FOG) clogs in sewer pipelines results in high building maintenance costs. FOG in wastewater poses threats to properties and causes pollution of waterways and groundwater. A survey was carried out among residential households in the suburban township of Bandar Baru Bangi, Malaysia, to identify domestic practices in the handling and management of kitchen wastes. Improper practices in the disposal of kitchen wastes containing FOG is found to be the major cause of FOG accumulation in sewer pipes and drains. Preventive practices in the management of FOG in domestic kitchen waste should be the first line of solutions in mitigating FOG.
The Recycling of Sodium Acetate from Waste Liquid of Dially-Alcohol-Ketone-Acetate Production
Authors: Liu Dan , Dai Zhong Xu , Li Fa Hua , Pi Dan Wei , Liao Quan Bin
Published: September 2013

Sodium acetate has been separated and recycled in waste liquid from production by the process of precipitation, filtration, washing, concentration, crystallization, recrystallization and drying. The recycling of sodium acetate can be completely achieved by reuse hot water and liquor produced during concentrated and crystallization process respectively. Product quality of sodium acetate accords with national standard GB/T 693-1996 chemical pure grade. In the paper, the involved method of the waste water treatment has the characteristics of simple process, convenient operation, less investment and high return. Then, energy conservation and emissions reduction can be achieved when the technological process is used. Therefore, the recycling technology is suitable for industrialized production.