bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis complicating neck dissection
Authors: Howe D J , Henderson M J , Ahmad I
Published: March 2010

Objective:

To report a superior sagittal sinus thrombosis occurring as a rare complication of neck dissection, and to present a review of published literature.

Case report:

A 42-year-old man underwent an elective neck dissection for a tumour stage 2, node stage 2b, tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma, prior to chemoradiotherapy. During surgery, the right internal jugular vein was sacrificed as part of the resection, as tumour was adherent to it. Two weeks after surgery, the patient was readmitted with seizures. Subsequent computed tomography and magnetic resonance venography confirmed a superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. The patient was subsequently anticoagulated and underwent radiotherapy without further complication. A review of pre-operative imaging indicated a dominant internal jugular vein, ligation of which may have been a factor in the subsequent sagittal sinus thrombosis.

Conclusion:

Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis following neck dissection is a rare occurrence, with little reported in the literature. Dominant internal jugular vein anatomy may be evident on pre-operative imaging. An awareness of this complication may be helpful to surgeons contemplating sacrifice of the internal jugular vein.
First-Passage Percolation with Exponential Times on a Ladder
Authors: RENLUND HENRIK
Published: March 2010

We consider first-passage percolation on a ladder, i.e., the graph ℕ × {0, 1}, where nodes at distance 1 are joined by an edge, and the times are exponentially i.i.d. with mean 1. We find an appropriate Markov chain to calculate an explicit expression for the time constant whose numerical value is ≈0.6827. This time constant is the long-term average inverse speed of the process. We also calculate the average residual time.
Facial emotion recognition in schizotypy: The role of accuracy and social cognitive bias
Authors: BROWN LAURA A. , COHEN ALEX S.
Published: March 2010

Facial emotion recognition deficits have been widely investigated in individuals with schizophrenia; however, it remains unclear whether these deficits reflect a trait-like vulnerability to schizophrenia pathology present in individuals at risk for the disorder. Although some studies have investigated emotion recognition in this population, findings have been mixed. The current study uses a well-validated emotion recognition task, a relatively large sample, and examines the relationship between emotion recognition, symptoms, and overall life quality. Eighty-nine individuals with psychometrically defined schizotypy and 27 controls completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, Penn Emotion Recognition Test, and a brief version of Lehman’s Quality of Life Interview. In addition to labeling facial emotions, participants rated the valence of faces using a Likert rating scale. Individuals with schizotypy were significantly less accurate than controls when labeling emotional faces, particularly neutral faces. Within the schizotypy sample, both disorganization symptoms and lower quality of life were associated with a bias toward perceiving facial expressions as more negative. Our results support previous research suggesting that poor emotion recognition is associated with vulnerability to psychosis. Although emotion recognition appears unrelated to symptoms, it probably operates by means of different processes in those with particular types of symptoms. (JINS, 2010, 16, 474–483.)
Breakfast trends in children and adolescents: frequency and quality
Authors: Alexy Ute , Wicher Meike , Kersting Mathilde
Published: March 2010

Objective

Although breakfast is important for obesity prevention and dietary quality, breakfast skipping is a common behaviour. Knowledge of changes in breakfast habits may provide potential behaviour targets for intervention programmes. The present study describes the actual data on trends in breakfast habits and composition.

Design

A total of 7800 3 d dietary records of 1081 participants aged 2–18 years collected between 1986 and 2007 in the DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) Study were analysed using mixed linear models.

Results

Breakfast was eaten at 78 % of all record days; regular breakfast (breakfast was eaten on all three recorded weekdays) was eaten in 75 % of records. During the study period, the number of records with regular breakfast decreased significantly in 6–12- and 13–18-year-olds (P= 0·0084 and 0·0350, respectively). Of all breakfast meals, 62 % were bread meals and 21 % were ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) meals. RTEC meals nearly doubled from the youngest to the oldest age group (P< 0·0001). During the study period, the percentage of bread meals decreased, whereas the percentage of RTEC meals increased (P< 0·0001). A higher percentage of RTEC meals than the bread meals was in accordance with the food-based guidelines (36 %v. 20 %,P< 0·0001), i.e. a breakfast including grain, dairy and fruit/vegetables.

Conclusions

In the DONALD Study sample, a negative age and time trend in breakfast consumption was verified. Interventions regarding breakfast habits should be aimed at adolescents and should focus on fruit/vegetables.
Intake of total dietary sugar and fibre is associated with insulin resistance among Danish 8–10- and 14–16-year-old girls but not boys. European Youth Heart Studies I and II
Authors: Kynde Iben , Johnsen Nina F , Wedderkopp Niels , Bygbjerg Ib C , Helge Jørn W , Heitmann Berit L
Published: March 2010

Objective

To examine the dietary intake of total sugar, added sugar, non-added sugar and starch as well as dietary fibre and glycaemic index (GI) and their respective associations with insulin resistance.

Design

Mixed linear models were used to study both cross-sectional and prospective associations between carbohydrate components and insulin resistance separately in girls and boys. Diet was assessed by a single 24 h recall interview and insulin resistance was calculated using the homoestasis model assessment (HOMA).

Setting

The Danish part of the European Youth Heart Studies (EYHS) I and II.

Subjects

Girls and boys at 8–10 and 14–16 years from EYHS I (n651) and 8–10-year-olds from baseline followed up 6 years later in EYHS II (n233).

Results

Among girls, a difference in dietary total sugar of 43 g/MJ was associated with a 1sddifference of HOMA and a difference in dietary fibre of −8 g/MJ was associated with a 1sddifference of HOMA, independent of age, maturity and other confounders (bothP= 0·03). No baseline associations were found among boys and no prospective associations were found in either sex.

Conclusions

Dietary intake of total sugar may play an adverse role and fibre may play a beneficial role in concurrent insulin resistance among girls but not boys. Sex differences may be due to differences in maturity, physical activity, food patterns and selective reporting behaviours.
Energy efficiency of organic pear production in greenhouses in China
Authors: Liu Yuexian , Høgh-Jensen Henning , Egelyng Henrik , Langer Vibeke
Published: March 2010

The development of organic protected cultivation taking place in densely populated areas has raised the question whether it is an environmentally friendly production system. The present study investigated energy consumption of organic pear production in two production systems, namely in traditional Chinese solar greenhouses and in the open field. In both production systems, energy output/input ratio and energy productivity were used as indicators to determine the energy efficiency; yield, cost of production, net economic return per land area unit and benefit/cost ratio were used to evaluate economic productivity. The analysis results indicated that energy input and energy output per land area unit in the solar greenhouse were higher than in the open field; whereas energy efficiency in terms of output/input ratio and energy productivity were lower in the solar greenhouse than those in the open field. However, if energy input sequestered in the protected structure was excluded in the solar greenhouse production system, energy efficiency was higher in the greenhouse system than in the open-field system. Our analysis further showed that the economic costs, the yield, cost of production, gross product value and net income per land area unit in the greenhouse were more than twice as high as those in the open field due to a higher tree density and a premium price. However, the production taking place in the open field used a great share of renewable energy and higher energy efficiency, which may comply more with the principles of organic farming than the greenhouse production system.
Q‐anisotropy in finely‐layered media
Authors: Picotti Stefano , Carcione José M. , Santos Juan E. , Gei Davide
Published: March 2010

Finely layered media behaves as an anisotropic medium at long wavelengths. If the constituent media are anelastic, Q‐anisotropy of qP, qSV and SH waves can be described by a generalization of Backus averaging to the lossy case. To test the theory, we introduce a novel method to obtain the complex and frequency‐dependent stiffnesses from numerical simulations of oscillatory (harmonic) tests based on a space‐frequency domain finite element method. We apply the methodology to a periodic sequence of shale and limestone and compute the quality factor and wave velocities as a function of frequency and propagation direction.
Dipolar redistribution of summertime tropical cyclone genesis between the Philippine Sea and the northern South China Sea and its possible mechanisms
Authors: Kim Joo‐Hong , Ho Chang‐Hoi , Chu Pao‐Shin
Published: March 2010

Recent observational records show that the dipole oscillation between the Philippine Sea (PS) and the northern South China Sea (nSCS) is a leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of summertime tropical cyclone (TC) genesis in the western North Pacific (WNP). This PS‐nSCS oscillation is characterized by a distinguished decadal variability in addition to an interannual variability. Meanwhile, the typical El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐related mode is found in the second EOF mode, which is predominantly interannual. With regard to the PS‐nSCS oscillation, its interannual component appears to be linked with the previous wintertime ENSO event, but the linkage is not so robust in the sense that about half of its significant events are classified as the ENSO‐related case, whereas its decadal component is coupled to a sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the central Pacific with its equatorial core near the Niño‐4 region, which is flanked by an opposite SSTA on both sides along the latitudinal belt. Interestingly, this SSTA pattern resembles that related to the ENSO Modoki, and equivalently, the transitional phase of ENSO. The ENSO Modoki is regionally manifested by the anomalous zonal SST gradient between the equatorial western and central Pacific; thus the decadal modulation of this anomalous zonal SST gradient can be regarded as an actual forcing that forms and modulates the decadal PS‐nSCS oscillation. In addition, the decadal PS‐nSCS oscillation is compared with the decadal basin‐wide TC genesis variation in terms of the Pacific SSTA pattern and the associated anomalous large‐scale environments.
Plasma Epinephrine Predicts Fasting Glucose in Centrally Obese African‐American Women
Authors: Surwit Richard S. , Williams Redford B. , Lane James D. , Feinglos Mark N. , Kuhn Cynthia M. , Georgiades Anastasia
Published: March 2010

The high prevalence of diabetes in African‐American (AA) women has been widely assumed to be related to the greater prevalence of obesity in this group. Catecholamine release acting on central adipose tissue has been proposed to be a contributing factor. The aim of this article was to examine the interaction of plasma catecholamines and central adiposity on fasting and nonfasting glucose levels in two separate samples. In both studies, the women were healthy, nondiabetic of similar age. In addition, both studies assessed plasma epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NOREPI) levels collected at three time points. In study 1, catecholamines were measured during a standardized laboratory mental stress task and in study 2, they were measured during the initial phase (10 min) of an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Results from both studies revealed significant effects of EPI on fasting glucose in the obese women. In study 1, mean EPI levels were significantly related to fasting glucose in AA women with high trunk fat (β = 0.60, P < 0.001). Because high BMI was associated with high trunk fat in women, we used BMI >30 as a proxy for high trunk fat (>32%) in study 2. In study 2, EPI response to the glucose bolus was a strong predictor of fasting glucose in AA women with BMI >30 (β = 0.75, P < 0.003). We conclude that the effect of central adiposity on fasting glucose may be moderated by plasma EPI. This suggests that adrenal medullary activity could play a role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.
Quantification of Intermuscular Adipose Tissue in the Erector Spinae Muscle by MRI: Agreement With Histological Evaluation
Authors: Rossi Andrea , Zoico Elena , Goodpaster Bret H. , Sepe Anna , Di Francesco Vincenzo , Fantin Francesco , Pizzini Francesca , Corzato Francesca , Vitali Alessandra , Micciolo Rocco , Harris Tamara B. , Cinti Saverio , Zamboni Mauro
Published: March 2010

Deposition of fat between skeletal muscle bundles and beneath the muscle fascia, recently called intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), is gaining attention as potential contributor to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, muscle function impairment, and disability. The aim of this study was to compare IMAT as measured at the erector spinae level by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a well‐recognized gold standard method to evaluate fat content inside muscles, and histology estimates. In 18 healthy elderly men and women with a wide range of BMI (25.05–35.58 kg/m2), undergoing elective vertebral surgery, IMAT within the erector spinae muscle was evaluated by MRI, by body composition using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and histological evaluation of intraoperative biopsy sample. The concordance between IMAT/total area (TA) ratio evaluated by MRI and histological examination was analyzed employing Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and the procedure proposed by Bland and Altman. Two thresholds to distinguish between muscle and IMAT calculated, respectively, by 20 and 10% reduction of the gray‐level intensity evaluated by MRI from surrounding subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were used. With a 20% reduction, calculated IMAT/TA as evaluated by MRI on average exceeds histological evaluation by 21.79%, whereas by reducing the threshold by 10% agreement between MRI and histology improved with a 12.42% difference. Our data show a good degree of concordance between IMAT assessment by MRI and histology and seems to show that agreement between the two methods could be improved by using a more restrictive threshold between muscle and fat.
Copper(0)-mediated living radical polymerization of styrene
Authors: Tom Jessica , Hornby Ben , West Andrew , Harrisson Simon , Perrier Sébastien
Published: March 2010

The use of zerovalent copper and commercially available ligands enables the control of the polymerisation of styrene at 90 °C in toluene.
Ancrage
et technique linguale
Authors: Sorel Olivier , Joseph Guillaume
Published: March 2010

La position linguale des brackets permet un traitement orthodontique non visible. Elle
induit une biomécanique particulière : l’interférence occlusale entre les attaches maxillaires
et les dents mandibulaires engendre notamment un complexe de forces sollicitant l’ancrage
maxillaire. Cette interférence, en ouvrant l’occlusion, provoque un léger mouvement de rotation
mandibulaire en bas et en arrière qui aggrave visuellement les rapports de classe II
d’Angle. Dans le cas d’une occlusion de convenance en propulsion, l’interférence se comporte
comme une plaque de décontraction : les condyles se repositionnent au centre de leurs
cavités articulaires et l’occlusion en centrée révèle un décalage de classe II plus important,
ce qui ne constitue pas une perte d’ancrage.
L’ancrage peut être relatif ou absolu. Les stratégies de traitement sont donc différentes.
Nous utilisons des attelles métalliques ou en composite pour l’ancrage relatif alors que pour
l’ancrage absolu, il est nécessaire de faire appel soit à un point d’appui extra-oral soit intraoral
fixe comme les minivis.
Le diagnostic et l’analyse des mécaniques sont des étapes essentielles pour le succès de
tout traitement.
Structural approach to unambiguous discrimination of two mixed quantum states
Authors: Kleinmann M. , Kampermann H. , Bruß D.
Published: March 2010

We analyze the optimal unambiguous discrimination of two arbitrary mixed quantum states. We show that the optimal measurement is unique and we present this optimal measurement for the case where the rank of the density operator of one of the states is at most 2 (“solution in four dimensions”). The solution is illustrated by some examples. The optimality conditions proven by Eldar et al. [Phys. Rev. A 69, 062318 (2004)] are simplified to an operational form. As an application we present optimality conditions for the measurement, when only one of the two states is detected. The current status of optimal unambiguous state discrimination is summarized via a general strategy.
Optimization and analysis of shape of coaxial electrode for microwave plasma in water
Authors: Hattori Yoshiaki , Mukasa Shinobu , Nomura Shinfuku , Toyota Hiromichi
Published: March 2010

The effect of the shape of the electrode to generate 2.45 GHz microwave plasma in pure water is examined. Three variations of a common coaxial electrode are proposed, and compared according to the power required for plasma ignition and the position of plasma ignition in pure water at 6 kPa using a high-speed camera. These coaxial electrodes are calculated using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method calculations. The superior shape of coaxial electrode is found to be one with a flat plane on the tip of the inner electrode and dielectric substance located below the tip of the outer electrode. The position of the plasma ignition is related to the shape of the coaxial electrode. By solving the heat-conduction equation of water around the coaxial electrode taking into account the absorption of the microwave energy, the position of the plasma ignition is found to be not where electric field is the largest, but rather where temperature is maximized.
Selective control of Poiseuille–Rayleigh–Bénard instabilities by a spanwise magnetic field
Authors: Fakhfakh W. , Kaddeche S. , Henry D. , Ben Hadid H.
Published: March 2010

The stability of a pressure driven flow in an electrically conducting fluid heated from below and subjected to a spanwise constant magnetic field is investigated through a linear stability analysis. The numerical calculations show that such a magnetic field only affects the longitudinal stationary modes (L), which are stabilized, and has no effect on the transverse traveling modes (T). A direct consequence is the expansion of the domain where the transverse traveling (T) modes prevail. This expansion is controlled by the strength of the spanwise magnetic field, expressed through the Hartmann number (Ha, ratio of magnetic to viscous dissipation forces). Moreover, when Ha exceeds a limiting value depending on the Prandtl number, the (T) modes become the only dominant modes in the whole Re range. Particular attention was dedicated to the oblique modes (O) corresponding to fully three-dimensional disturbances in order to verify that they never become the dominant modes when the magnetic field is applied, similarly to what was found without magnetic field. From a practical point of view, these results could be of a great interest since it is known that the optimization of several processes involving the Poiseuille–Rayleigh–Bénard flow is achieved when the traveling (T) modes prevail.
Resonant transmission of electromagnetic waves through two-dimensional photonic quasicrystals
Authors: Neve-Oz Yair , Pollok Therese , Burger Sven , Golosovsky Michael , Davidov Dan
Published: March 2010

We present numerical simulations of electromagnetic millimeter-wave propagation in a two-dimensional lattice of dielectric rods arranged in a tenfold Penrose tiling. We find (i) isotropic photonic band gap as expected for quasicrystals and (ii) localized states. We demonstrate that the high frequency edge of the second band gap is characterized by a very small refractive index (fast light). We study the transmission of electromagnetic waves in the frequency range corresponding to fast light and demonstrate that it is related to tunneling through localized states. We use the fast light phenomenon to design a focusing device—a planoconcave lens.
Submicron surface patterning by laser ablation with short UV pulses using a proximity phase mask setup
Authors: Borchers B. , Bekesi J. , Simon P. , Ihlemann J.
Published: March 2010

A new approach for the generation of large-area periodic surface structures on different materials, like polymers and semiconductors, by direct laser ablation is presented. The surfaces were illuminated with the interference pattern emerging in close proximity behind a laser irradiated phase mask. In the experiments, nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses at 248 nm were applied. To prevent contamination or damage of the phase mask caused by the ablated material, the mask is protected by a thin water film or a thin quartz plate. In addition we present a technique to eliminate a lateral variation of the generated structures due to insufficient alignment precision of the workpiece.
Simulation of redeposition during platinum etching in argon plasmas
Authors: Saussac J. , Margot J. , Stafford L. , Chaker M.
Published: March 2010

The influence of redeposition on the space and time evolution of feature profiles during platinum etching in high-density argon plasmas is examined using simulations. The simulator takes into account redeposition resulting from either direct sticking of the sputtered species on the materials walls (line-of-sight redeposition) or from sputtered species returning from plasma (indirect redeposition). Overall, the simulator successfully reproduces experimental profiles sputter etched in platinum, in particular V-shaped profiles reported in literature. From comparison between experimental and simulated profiles at very low pressure, Pt/resist sticking probability was estimated to be 0.1 and the angular spread of the sputtered atom distribution was predicted to be about ±50°. It was further found that indirect redeposition becomes crucial at higher pressure for explaining the amount of redeposited matter.
Effect of rolling friction on binary collisions of spheres
Authors: Orlando Andrés D. , Shen Hayley H.
Published: March 2010

Foerster et al. [Phys. Fluids 6, 1108 (1994)] proposed a binary collision model for spheres and a way to measure the constant impact parameters in the model. These three parameters were necessary to describe the translational momentum exchange during a collision. An extensive data set for a variety of materials was made possible using these measurements. In recent years many studies have shown that rolling friction between particles has strong effects on the bulk behavior of granular materials. In the present paper, an expansion of the previous collision model is studied to include rolling friction. It is shown that rolling friction does not affect the postcollision linear relative velocities for the conditions used in the impact experiments. Furthermore, it is suggested that the same impact experiment could potentially be used to measure the coefficient of rolling friction.
Useful technique for analysis and control of the acceleration beam phase in the azimuthally varying field cyclotron
Authors: Kurashima Satoshi , Yuyama Takahiro , Miyawaki Nobumasa , Kashiwagi Hirotsugu , Okumura Susumu , Fukuda Mitsuhiro
Published: March 2010

We have developed a new technique for analysis and control of the acceleration beam phase in the cyclotron. In this technique, the beam current pattern at a fixed radius r is measured by slightly scanning the acceleration frequency in the cyclotron. The acceleration beam phase is obtained by analyzing symmetry of the current pattern. Simple procedure to control the acceleration beam phase by changing coil currents of a few trim coils was established. The beam phase width is also obtained by analyzing gradient of the decreasing part of the current pattern. We verified reliability of this technique with 260 MeV N20e7+ beams which were accelerated on different tuning condition of the cyclotron. When the acceleration beam phase was around 0°, top of the energy gain of cosine wave, and the beam phase width was about 6° in full width at half maximum, a clear turn pattern of the beam was observed with a differential beam probe in the extraction region. Beam phase widths of ion beams at acceleration harmonics of h=1 and h=2 were estimated without beam cutting by phase-defining slits. We also calculated the beam phase widths roughly from the beam current ratio between the injected beam and the accelerated beam in the cyclotron without operating the beam buncher. Both beam phase widths were almost the same for h=1, while phase compressions by a factor of about 3 were confirmed for h=2.
Coherent site-directed transport in complex molecular networks: An effective Hamiltonian approach
Authors: Weissman Shira , Peskin Uri
Published: March 2010

Defining the conditions for coherent site-directed transport from an electron donor to a specific acceptor through tunneling barriers in a network of multiple donor/acceptors sites is an important step toward controlling electronic processes in molecular networks. The required analysis is most challenging since the entire network in essentially involved in coherent transport. In this work we introduce an efficient approach for formulating an effective donor/acceptor coupling in terms of the entire network parameters. The approach is based on implementation of Feshbach projection operators to map the entire network Hamiltonian onto a subspace defined by two specific donor and acceptor sites. This nonperturbative approach enables to define regimes of network parameters in which the effective donor-acceptor coupling is optimal. This is demonstrated numerically for simple models of molecular networks.
Note: The effect of sample insulation on experiment precision of resistivity measurement in a diamond anvil cell
Authors: Peng Gang , Han Yonghao , Gao Chunxiao , Ma Yanzhang , Wu Baojia , Liu Cailong , Liu Bao , Hu Tingjing , Wang Yue , Cui Xiaoyan , Ren Wanbin , Liu Hongwu , Zou Guangtian
Published: March 2010

By use of electrical field analysis method, the accuracy of electrical resistivity measurement with the van der Pauw method in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) was investigated for the situation that sample and gasket were electrically shorted. It is revealed that metal gasket could not be used in electrical measurement in DAC if the inside wall of the sample chamber was not insulated. When the shorted area was less than 20% of the inside wall of the sample chamber, the relative error was smaller than 10%. Once the shorted area exceeded 25%, the relative error increased rapidly.
Scaling power-law relations in asymmetrical minor hysteresis loops
Authors: Takahashi Seiki , Kobayashi Satoru
Published: March 2010

Scaling laws for magnetic minor hysteresis loops that are asymmetric and have their origin at an arbitrary point under a bias field have been examined for Fe single crystals with tensile deformation. We found that there exist power-law relations between field-dependent parameters of asymmetrical minor loops, which are the same as those for symmetrical ones observed previously. This agreement shows that the Bloch wall interaction with lattice defects is unchangeable irrespective of whether the Bloch walls move along the potential due to symmetrical or asymmetrical minor loops. The power-law relations were generalized on the basis of experimental results.
Selective manipulation of microparticles using polymer-based optically induced dielectrophoretic devices
Authors: Wang Wei , Lin Yen-Heng , Wen Ten-Chin , Guo Tzung-Fang , Lee Gwo-Bin
Published: March 2010

This manuscript presents an approach for selective manipulation of microparticles using polymer-based optically induced dielectrophoretic (ODEP) devices. A thin film of a bulk-heterojunction polymer [a mixture of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)] is used as a light active layer. The ODEP force is generated by “virtual” electrodes (the optical images) created from a computer-programmable projector to manipulate polystyrene particles. The magnitude of the ODEP force is found to be dependant on the color of illumination light, due to the variation of the absorption coefficient in the P3HT:PCBM film. A noncontact approach is then demonstrated to separate or collect the polymer particles by shrinking one of the two light rings with different colors and diameters. The development of this promising platform may provide a cost-effective approach for ODEP applications.
Quantum noise in a terahertz hot electron bolometer mixer
Authors: Zhang W. , Khosropanah P. , Gao J. R. , Kollberg E. L. , Yngvesson K. S. , Bansal T. , Barends R. , Klapwijk T. M.
Published: March 2010

We have measured the noise temperature of a single, sensitive superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer in a frequency range from 1.6 to 5.3 THz, using a setup with all the key components in vacuum. By analyzing the measured receiver noise temperature using a quantum noise (QN) model for HEB mixers, we confirm the effect of QN. The QN is found to be responsible for about half of the receiver noise at the highest frequency in our measurements. The β-factor (the quantum efficiency of the HEB) obtained experimentally agrees reasonably well with the calculated value.
Minimizing the scattering of a nonmagnetic cloak
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Luo Yu , Mortensen Niels Asger
Published: March 2010

Nonmagnetic cloak offers a feasible way to achieve invisibility at optical frequencies using materials with only electric responses. In this letter, we suggest an approximation of the ideal nonmagnetic cloak and quantitatively study its electromagnetic characteristics using a full-wave scattering theory. It is demonstrated that the forward scattering of the impedance matched cloak increases dramatically as the thickness of the cloak decreases. Nevertheless, it is still possible to effectively reduce the total scattering cross section with a very thin cloak whose impedance is not matched to the surrounding material at the outer boundary. Our analysis also provides the flexibility of reducing the scattering in an arbitrary direction.
Amyloid-like interactions within nucleoporin FG hydrogels
Authors: Ader Christian , Frey Steffen , Maas Werner , Schmidt Hermann Broder , Görlich Dirk , Baldus Marc
Published: March 2010

The 62 kDa FG repeat domain of the nucleoporin Nsp1p forms a hydrogel-based, sieve-like permeability barrier that excludes inert macromolecules but allows rapid entry of nuclear transport receptors (NTRs). We found that the N-terminal part of this domain, which is characterized by Asn-rich inter-FG spacers, forms a tough hydrogel. The C-terminal part comprises charged inter-FG spacers, shows low gelation propensity on its own, but binds the N-terminal part and passivates the FG hydrogel against nonselective interactions. It was previously shown that a hydrophobic collapse involving Phe residues is required for FG hydrogel formation. Using solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we now identified two additional types of intragel interactions, namely, transient hydrophobic interactions between Phe and methyl side chains as well as intermolecular β-sheets between the Asn-rich spacer regions. The latter appear to be the kinetically most stable structures within the FG hydrogel. They are also a central feature of neuronal inclusions formed by Asn/Gln-rich amyloid and prion proteins. The cohesive properties of FG repeats and the Asn/Gln-rich domain from the yeast prion Sup35p appear indeed so similar to each other that these two modules interact
in trans
. Our data, therefore, suggest a fully unexpected cellular function of such interchain β-structures in maintaining the permeability barrier of nuclear pores. They provide an explanation for how contacts between FG repeats might gain the kinetic stability to suppress passive fluxes through nuclear pores and yet allow rapid NTR passage.
Towards a Spiritually Integral Theory of Management
Authors: Steingard David S. , Fitzgibbons Dale E.
Published: March 2010

Novel epistemological, ontological, and metaphysical foundations of the burgeoning spirituality in management “movement” suggest a fundamental revisioning of the extant management disciplines. First, we examine the roots of management knowledge by revisiting Burrell and
Morgan's (1979) classic work on sociological paradigms and organizational analysis. Their subjectivist-objectivist/sociology of regulation-sociology of change, four-quadrant paradigm framework has become a seminal work in organizational studies. Second, we explore the interdisciplinary work
of philosopher Ken Wilber (1998), whose integral four-quadrant, holonic paradigms nicely complement Burrell and Morgan's efforts. Third, as inspired by the vanguard ideas and practices of the spirituality in management movement, we synergistically combine these two bodies of knowledge to produce
a spiritually integral theory of management. Such a holistic theory may serve as an intellectual and methodological grounding for the new spirituality in management movement. In conclusion, we envision new possibilities for the future of management research and application in light of praxiological
advancements offered by a spiritually integral theory of management.
Reversing the Spirituality Lenses: Challenges and Opportunities for Strategy Research
Authors: Arbaugh J. B.
Published: March 2010

This paper examines the potential of integrating spirituality within the field of strategy. This integration is becoming increasingly desirable because of calls for broadening explanations of firm behavior and the use of more pluralistic perspectives in strategy research. Specifically, the paper identifies challenges and opportunities for viewing strategy through the lens of the Christian faith tradition. Challenges examined include gaps in organizational levels of and the reliance upon unobservables found in both Christian scripture and some streams of strategy research. Opportunities include broadening the conception of the firm to allow easier consideration of alliances and not-for-profit settings, examining theoretical perspectives of strategy that incorporate multiple levels of analysis, and considering fields that are related closely to strategy that reflect levels of analysis directly addressed in Christian Scripture. The paper concludes by identifying several potential starting points for integrating spirituality and the field of strategy.
Integral Sensemaking for Executives: The Evolution of Spiritually-based Integral Consciousness
Authors: Young John E. , Logsdon Jeanne M.
Published: March 2010

This article presents philosophy and theory supporting an integral approach to executive sensemaking and problem solving, which is beginning to emerge as a result of the continuing evolution of consciousness. Integral sensemaking is contrasted with the mental-rational approach that
has characterized management practice in the industrial and post-industrial eras. The two approaches to sensemaking are applied to the organizational context in five key areas: leadership, strategy formulation, organizational culture, ethical culture, and human resource management. Implications
of the evolution of consciousness on management and spirituality and on organizations are discussed.
Forgiveness from the Perspectives of Three Response Modes: Begrudgement, Pragmatism, and Transcendence
Authors: Bright David S. , Fry Ronald E. , Cooperrider David L.
Published: March 2010

This article explores constructions of forgiveness by studying responses to perceived offensive experiences in which one's own negativity toward the event is increased, displaced or dissolved. Forgiveness is rarely considered in management research, yet it has particular relevance to
the health and function of interpersonal connections that allow organizations to thrive. There are two schools of thought about the meaning of forgiveness. The dominant school accepts that forgiveness occurs when one's negativity toward perceived offenders is neutralized. The second school
considers that forgiveness must include a transformation of negativity to positivity. Forgiveness is closely identified with Positive Psychology and Positive Organizational Scholarship, which focus on the dimensions of human strength and resilience. Yet, because the neutralization school is
dominant, research has not developed an understanding of forgiveness as an especially positive influence or practice. The article presents a grounded theoretical framework for considering forgiveness, not only as reparation, but also as strength. Data from interviews conducted in a unionized
trucking company suggest three responses to offense: the begrudging mode, in which forgiveness is an illusion; the pragmatic mode, where forgiveness is a necessity; and the transcendent mode, in which forgiveness is a life choice. The transcendent mode especially adds a substantive set of
ideas that extend an understanding of forgiveness as an elevating, positive dynamic in organizations.
The Language of Virtues: Toward an Inclusive Approach for Integrating Spirituality in Management Education
Authors: Manz Karen P. , Marx Robert D. , Neal Judith A. , Manz Charles C.
Published: March 2010

There is an increasing recognition that spirituality is an important variable in organizational life, and in the study and practice of management. As a result, a growing number of management educators are incorporating discussions of spirituality in the workplace into their classrooms.
Because of the newness of this field and the lack of experience with teaching about this topic, it is important to pay attention to issues of language when speaking about spirituality in the workplace. The first key issue that management educators will face is what language to use that will
be effective and inclusive. In this paper we will address the issue of a working definition of spirituality for the academic or training classroom and how the management educator can create a bridge from the personal to public language for the group learning process. We shall introduce the
concept of virtues (transcendent values such as compassion, courage and integrity) as an inclusive language that can integrate the private languages of individual spiritual traditions into expressions of positive organizational practices. This includes a simple model for extracting a public
language and learning exercises we have found useful. In addition, the implications of inclusive language will be considered in relation to the need for an expanded learning paradigm.
Religiosity and Workplace Behavior: A Manifestation of Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Prati L. Melita , Liu Yongmei , Bass Ken
Published: March 2010

This field study examines the relationships among religiosity, emotional intelligence, depressed mood, and work-related outcomes. Data were collected from 209 employees and managers from 29 stores of a retail chain. We found that religiosity was positively related to emotional intelligence,
and emotional intelligence was negatively related to individuals' experiences of depressed moods. A mediating role of emotional intelligence was found in the religiosity—depressed mood relationship. We also found that depressed mood was positively associated with job tension and negatively
associated with job satisfaction and job performance. Implications of the findings for practice and future research are discussed.
E-Spirituality: Spirituality at The Confluence of Affect and Technology
Authors: Klenke Karin
Published: March 2010

For this paper, a new construct, e-spirituality, is introduced by developing a model that treats e-spirituality as the confluence of spirituality and affect as they manifest themselves and are shaped by the contextual characteristics of the virtual workplace. After an introduction of
organizations as spiritual and emotional arenas, I propose the theoretical foundations for an emotional basis of spirituality drawing on research that has examined the relationship between affect and religion as well as on positive emotions such as love, humility, gratitude and joy that have
evolved from the positive psychology movement. A discussion of the defining features of technology and the virtual workplace follows from which reciprocal relationships between spirituality, emotion and context, as defined by technologies, are hypothesized. The paper concludes with a brief
discussion of spiritual communities in cyberspace and outlines some directions for future research on e-spirituality.
Hands to Work, Heart to God: Religiosity and Organizational Behavior
Authors: Brotheridge Céleste M. , Lee Raymond T.
Published: March 2010

This paper considers the relevance of religiosity and spirituality in the workplace and presents a model that integrates the concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness with employees' perceptions of work, organizational citizenship behaviors, and workplace deviance.
Catholics and Work: Reflections on the Social Teachings of the Roman Catholic Church:
Authors: Höpfl Heather , Piąatkowski Przemysław
Published: March 2010

The inspiration for this special issue came from two distinct conversations. First, a chance remark from my husband, Dr. Harro Höpfl who was at that time working day and night to complete his book Jesuit Political Thought: The Society of Jesus and the State, (c. 1540–1630),
a work which had taken over ten years research and which involved periods of study in some of the great libraries of Europe. One night, very late, I suggested it was time to call it a day, “I have to finish this section,” he said, “it's my Catholic work ethic.” The
second conversation was one between the two editors of this special issue in a discussion of the notion of living prayerfully, of what it is to live as an act of prayer. This is an interest which concerns us both as a concept which contributes to an understanding of the nature of work and
as a way of being. Well, of course, almost everyone post-Weber is familiar with the notion of a Protestant Work Ethic but the idea of a Catholic Work Ethic is not one which is generally recognized. In this special issue, we have tried to identify the notion of a Catholic work ethic and to
see how this might operate in practice. Do Catholics have a different notion of work? This special issue seeks to offer a range of interpretations and commentaries on Catholics and work. The articles we present in this issue cover a number of themes which throw light on this relationship.
Is Poland A Country of Roman Catholic Work Ethics?
Authors: Śliwa Martyna
Published: March 2010

This article engages the question of whether contemporary Poland is a country in which Catholic Work Values prevail. First, it discusses the meaning of work in Catholic Social Teachings. Then, it provides an overview of the historical experience of Poland and the Polish nation's trajectory
of forming its relationship with the Catholic Church. Furthermore, based on a number of empirical studies, it explores the current role of the Catholic religion in the lives of the Poles, with an emphasis on the principles and virtues related to work. It argues that as a consequence of a long
period under the occupation of foreign powers between 1795 and 1918, of involvement in the two world wars, and of the post-WWII era of the Communist regime from 1945 to 1989, the model of Catholicism which has developed in Poland is characterised by a strong identification of a large proportion
of the society with the Church, but, at the same time, by signs of selectivity towards religion, which transpire also in the way in which the Poles feel about and approach work-related matters.
A Holistic View of Spirituality and Values:
Authors: Karakas Fahri
Published: March 2010

The objective of this paper is to explore the dimensions and characteristics of values and spirituality in organizations in the Gulen network. This study is based on a qualitative case study of seven selected Gulen organizations and utilizes a triangulation of various qualitative research
methods: 32 qualitative interviews, participant observation, multi-sited ethnography and documental analysis. The Gulen network is a unique case of global social innovation based on spirituality in a number of respects. Owing to the principles of diversity, love and dialog, Gulen enjoys voluntary
participation of people from different backgrounds, ideologies, nations, classes, races and faiths throughout the world. Gulen network proposes: a) a model of spiritual partnership and networking based on shared passion and idealism, b) a global agenda for interfaith and intercultural love,
cooperation, and dialog, c) a multidimensional view of universal values and spirituality in the workplace, d) a unique case revealing insights for integrating management, religion and spirituality.
Corporate Chaplaincy Programs: An Exploratory Study Relates Corporate Chaplain Activities to Employee Assistance Programs
Authors: Nimon Kim , Philibert Nanette , Allen Jeff
Published: March 2010

This study is in response to a recent increase in the use of chaplains across corporate America and fills a void in the research literature. It explored the activities of corporate chaplains, identifying the precise functions they perform. Similarities were found between the problems
that employees discussed with corporate chaplains and the issues traditionally addressed by employee assistance providers. Differences across industry type, firm size, and contract tenure were also analyzed and are reported. Findings indicate that the majority of problems discussed with corporate
chaplains were psychological issues and relationship matters. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Items on the left are better remembered
Authors: Sala Sergio Della , Darling Stephen , Logie Robert H.
Published: March 2010

Neurologically intact individuals show a spatial processing bias in perception tasks, specifically showing a bias towards the left in bisecting lines. We present evidence for a novel finding that a leftwards bias occurs in short-term memory for recently presented arbitrary bindings of visual features. Three experiments are reported, two of which involve a total of over 60,000 participants with a small number of trials for each. Experiment 3 involved a larger number of trials for each of 144 participants. Participants reproduced from immediate memory arrays of shape–colour–location bindings. In all three experiments, significantly more errors were observed in reproduction of items presented on the right of the array than on the left. Results could not be accounted for by perceptual errors, or by order of presentation or order of reproduction. Findings suggest that items presented on the left are better remembered, indicating a spatial asymmetry in forming or retrieving feature bindings in visual short-term memory.