bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
Authors: AJDARLI ELVIN
Published: April 2023

Topicality. Entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial activity) is an independent field of activity, carried out at one's own risk, aimed at obtaining systematic profit from the sale of goods, use of property, performance of works, and provision of services. Persons engaged in entrepreneurial activity must be registered in accordance with the law, unless otherwise provided by law. Individual cases of selling goods, doing work or providing services that do not bring a systematic profit are not enterprises. The labor, intangible assets, and labor of both the entrepreneur himself and those involved from outside are used for trading. There is no guarantee that the money spent will be repaid, and that the product will be sold at a profit. This is associated with the risk of losing all or part of the property.Aim and tasks: socio-economic development, at the same time, to analyze the methodical basis of mutual relations between entrepreneurship and the principles of its forecasting, to explain the ways of increasing their social efficiency by using financial, budget-tax mechanisms to stimulate entrepreneurial activity in the regions.Research results. The role of the state during the development of entrepreneurship, to improve its mechanisms affecting entrepreneurship, as well as to determine the ways of justifying state programs in a prospective direction. Based on the information base of the research work, there are textbooks, books, scientific articles and other teaching aids written by local and foreign theorists in the fields of quality management and business.Material and methods. During the writing of the research work, content analysis, analysis with synthesis, as well as deduction and induction methods were used.Conclusion. Using the developer activity of entrepreneurs in the construction sector, the project is based on the results of new discoveries of TILOS and ASTA programs. The role of the state during the development of entrepreneurship, improving its mechanisms affecting entrepreneurship, as well as determining the ways of justifying state programs in a prospective direction.
Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Available Assays, Recent Developments, and Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Pais Marcos V. , Forlenza Orestes V. , Diniz Breno S.
Published: April 2023

Recently, low-sensitive plasma assays have been replaced by new ultra-sensitive assays such as single molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Simoa), the Mesoscale Discovery (MSD) platform, and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) with higher accuracy in the determination of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite the significant variability, many studies have established in-house cut-off values for the most promising available biomarkers. We first reviewed the most used laboratory methods and assays to measure plasma AD biomarkers. Next, we review studies focused on the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers to identify AD cases, predict cognitive decline in pre-clinical AD cases, and differentiate AD cases from other dementia. We summarized data from studies published until January 2023. A combination of plasma Aβ42/40 ratio, age, and APOE status showed the best accuracy in diagnosing brain amyloidosis with a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) assay. Plasma p-tau217 has shown the best accuracy in distinguishing Aβ-PET+ from Aβ-PET–even in cognitively unimpaired individuals. We also summarized the different cut-off values for each biomarker when available. Recently developed assays for plasma biomarkers have undeniable importance in AD research, with improved analytical and diagnostic performance. Some biomarkers have been extensively used in clinical trials and are now clinically available. Nonetheless, several challenges remain to their widespread use in clinical practice.
Numerical simulation of hemodynamics in patient-specific pulmonary artery stenosis
Authors: He Fan , Wang Xinyu , Hua Lu , Guo Tingting
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

The incidence rate of pulmonary artery stenosis is increasing year by year and its numerical simulation has become a key project of biomedical engineering.

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this work is to study the changes of hemodynamic parameters in patient-specific pulmonary artery stenosis.

METHODS:

A pulmonary artery stenosis model is established based on patient-specific computed tomography (CT) images. According to the actual anatomy of patient-specific pulmonary artery stenosis, the stenosis area is simulated using a porous medium to study its hemodynamic changes. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to simulate the hemodynamic changes of pulmonary artery stenosis, and to explore the mechanical characteristics between blood flow and vessel wall.

RESULTS:

The results suggest that the blood pressures of arterial branches increase and the pressure drop at both ends of the stenosis is higher. There is a high flow rate and wall shear stress at the stenosis.

CONCLUSION:

This study shows that the hemodynamic model of pulmonary artery stenosis can be accurately reconstructed by achieving numerical simulation of the local stenosis through CT images, and this work has important implications for improving the confidence of clinical diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary artery diseases.
Shear wave elastography using high-frequency linear probe for kidney transplant monitoring: A methodological study
Authors: Yang Daopeng , Zhuang Bowen , Zheng Yanling , Xu Ming , Lin Jinhua , Zhang Xiaoer , Wang Changxi , Xie Xiaoyan , Huang Gang , Xie Xiaohua , Wang Yan
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influencing factors of the image quality of shear wave elastography (SWE) performed using a high-frequency probe and its reproducibility for renal allografts. METHODS: A total of 211 patients with transplanted kidneys who underwent SWE examination performed using high-frequency or low-frequency probes were recruited for the study. The reproducibility of inter- and intraobserver agreements were analysed by using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). According to the colour filling of the area of interest and imaging noise when conducting SWE, the image quality was classified as three grades: “good”, “common”, and “poor”. A logistic regression was used to analyse the independent factors for SWE quality. RESULTS: In the comparative analysis, high frequency, transection measurement and middle pole were selected as the appropriate measurement methods. Regarding reproducibility, the ICCs) of the intra- and interobserver agreements were 0.85 and 0.77, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that only the skin allograft distance and kidney width were independent variables for SWE quality. In the subgroup analysis of the skin-allograft distance, the “good” and “common” rates of images decreased as the distance increased, but the CV (coefficients of variation) showed the opposite trend. The SWE quality of kidney width <5.4 cm was significantly better than that of kidney width ≥5.4 cm. CONCLUSIONS: High-frequency SWE can be used in the evaluation of transplanted kidneys due to its good repeatability and high successful measurement rate, but we should pay attention to the influence of the skin-allograft distance and kidney width on SWE quality.
Insulin Resistance and Impaired Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Liu Rui , Zhang Lei , You Hao
Published: April 2023

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is complicated and involves multiple contributing factors. Mounting evidence supports the concept that AD is an age-related metabolic neurodegenerative disease mediated in part by brain insulin resistance, and sharing similar metabolic dysfunctions and brain pathological characteristics that occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other insulin resistance disorders. Brain insulin signal pathway is a major regulator of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. In the past several years, impaired BCAA metabolism has been described in several insulin resistant states such as obesity, T2DM and cardiovascular disease. Disrupted BCAA metabolism leading to elevation in circulating BCAAs and related metabolites is an early metabolic phenotype of insulin resistance and correlated with future onset of T2DM. Brain is a major site for BCAA metabolism. BCAAs play pivotal roles in normal brain function, especially in signal transduction, nitrogen homeostasis, and neurotransmitter cycling. Evidence from animal models and patients support the involvement of BCAA dysmetabolism in neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and maple syrup urine disease. More recently, growing studies have revealed altered BCAA metabolism in AD, but the relationship between them is poorly understood. This review is focused on the recent findings regarding BCAA metabolism and its role in AD. Moreover, we will explore how impaired BCAA metabolism influences brain function and participates in the pathogenesis of AD.
An interval rough number variable precision rough sets model and its attribute reduction
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Qihan , Ye Guoju , Zhao Dafang , Guo Yating , Shi Fangfang
Published: April 2023

The interval rough number rough sets model is the generalization of the classical rough sets. Since the lower approximation condition of interval rough number rough sets model is a full inclusion relation which is too strict to tolerate noisy data, strict conditions increase the possibility of a sample classified into a wrong class. To overcome the above shortcomings, an interval rough number variable precision rough sets model is proposed in this paper, which is combined with interval rough number similarity and the concept of variable precision rough sets. The model introduces the error parameter and can improve the tolerance of noise data. Then the related properties of the model are also proved. Moreover, we construct a maximal positive domain attribute reduction method based on the proposed model, which can process the data type of interval rough number without discretization. Finally, numerical examples are given to verify the rationality of the model.
Selection of single machine learning model for designing compressive strength of stabilized soil containing lime, cement and bitumen
Authors: Tran Van Quan
Published: April 2023

The unconfined compressive strength (Qu) is one of the most important criteria of stabilized soil to design in order to evaluate the effective of soft soil improvement. The unconfined compressive strength of stabilized soil is strongly affected by numerous factors such as the soil properties, the binder content, etc. Machine Learning (ML) approach can take into account these factors to predict the unconfined compressive strength (Qu) with high performance and reliability. The aim of this paper is to select a single ML model to design Qu of stabilized soil containing some chemical stabilizer agents such as lime, cement and bitumen. In order to build the single ML model, a database is created based on the literature investigation. The database contains 200 data samples, 12 input variables (Liquid limit, Plastic limit, Plasticity index, Linear shrinkage, Clay content, Sand content, Gravel content, Optimum water content, Density of stabilized soil, Lime content, Cement content, Bitumen content) and the output variable Qu. The performance and reliability of ML model are evaluated by the popular validation technique Monte Carlo simulation with aided of three criteria metrics including coefficient of determination R2, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Square Error (MAE). ML model based on Gradient Boosting algorithm is selected as highest performance and highest reliability ML model for designing Qu of stabilized soil. Explanation of feature effects on the unconfined compressive strength Qu of stabilized soil is carried out by Permutation importance, Partial Dependence Plot (PDP 2D) in two dimensions and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) local value. The ML model proposed in this investigation is single and useful for professional engineers with using the mapping Maximal dry density-Linear shrinkage created by PDP 2D.
Classification of hundreds of classes: A case study in a bank internal control department
Authors: Duman Ekrem
Published: April 2023

The main function of the internal control department of a bank is to inspect the banking operations to see if they are performed in accordance with the regulations and bank policies. To accomplish this, they pick up a number of operations that are selected randomly or by some rule and, inspect those operations according to some predetermined check lists. If they find any discrepancies where the number of such discrepancies are in the magnitude of several hundreds, they inform the corresponding department (usually bank branches) and ask them for a correction (if it can be done) or an explanation. In this study, we take up a real-life project carried out under our supervisory where the aim was to develop a set of predictive models that would highlight which operations of the credit department are more likely to bear some problems. This multi-classification problem was very challenging since the number of classes were enormous and some class values were observed only a few times. After providing a detailed description of the problem we attacked, we describe the detailed discussions which in the end made us to develop six different models. For the modeling, we used the logistic regression algorithm as it was preferred by our partner bank. We show that these models have Gini values of 51 per cent on the average which is quite satisfactory as compared to sector practices. We also show that the average lift of the models is 3.32 if the inspectors were to inspect as many credits as the number of actual problematic credits.
Identification method of long-distance running injury points for college students based on association rules
Authors: Zhang Shirong , Zhao Lihong
Published: April 2023

In view of the weak correlation between the signal features of the sports injury image extracted by the existing methods and the damage points, the accuracy is low and the recognition time is long. In order to improve the recognition accuracy of sports injury and reduce the loss of sports injury to human body, a method of college students’ long-distance running injury point recognition based on association rules is proposed. According to the contour of the injured part of college students’ long-distance running, the image is segmented, and the wavelet function is used to decompose the image signal into different frequency bands. The strong correlation rules between the wavelet function and the image signal are analyzed, so that the total energy of the time domain waveform can replace the wavelet transform coefficient; Secondly, the laser harmonic imaging points which have strong correlation with the damage points are regarded as the damage points; Finally,construct the perspective image acquisition platform, collect the sports injury image data of College Students’ long-distance runners in sports school, and set up comparative experiments. The experimental results show that the design method improves the recognition accuracy of College Students’ long-distance sports injury points and reduces the recognition time.
A survey of intelligent optimization algorithms for solving satisfiability problems
Authors: Yang Lan , Wang Xiaofeng , Ding Hongsheng , Yang Yi , Zhao Xingyu , Pang Lichao
Published: April 2023

Constraint satisfaction problems have a wide range of applications in areas such as basic computer theory research and artificial intelligence, and many major studies in industry are not solved directly, but converted into instances of satisfiability problems for solution. Therefore, the solution of the satisfiability problem is a central problem in many important areas in the future. A large number of solution algorithms for this problem are mainly based on completeness algorithms and heuristic algorithms. Intelligent optimization algorithms with heuristic policies run significantly more efficiently on large-scale instances compared to completeness algorithms. This paper compares the principles, implementation steps, and applications of several major intelligent optimization algorithms in satisfiability problems, analyzes the characteristics of these algorithms, and focuses on the performance in solving satisfiability problems under different constraints. In terms of algorithms, evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence algorithms are introduced; in terms of applications, the solution to the satisfiability problem is studied. At the same time, the performance of the listed intelligent optimization algorithms in applications is analyzed in detail in terms of the direction of improvement of the algorithms, advantages and disadvantages and comparison algorithms, respectively, and the future application of intelligent optimization algorithms in satisfiability problems is prospected.
Picture fuzzy Choquet integral based Einstein operations and its application in selection of the best mobile apps for online education
Authors: Deva K. , Mohanaselvi S.
Published: April 2023

Picture fuzzy aggregation operators are the standard mathematical tools for the combination of several inputs with respect to attributes into one unique output. The Choquet integral operator has been proven more ideal than traditional aggregation operators in the modelling of interaction phenomena among the attributes in decision-making problems. Firstly, we propose the Choquet integral picture fuzzy Einstein geometric aggregation operator and Choquet integral picture fuzzy Einstein ordered geometric aggregation operator with certain properties of these operators being established. We validate the functioning of the operators with illustrative examples. The proposed operators clearly capture the comprehensive correlative relationships of attributes in a simpler manner. Furthermore, the algorithm for a multi attribute decision-making problem based on proposed operators is given. The application of the proposed operators was explored to deal with the selection of the best mobile apps for online education. Finally, comparisons are conducted to illustrate the discussion and advantages of the proposed operators.
Phase II/III Study of Aceneuramic Acid Administration for GNE Myopathy in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Naoki , Mori-Yoshimura Madoka , Katsuno Masahisa , Takahashi Masanori P. , Yamashita Satoshi , Oya Yasushi , Hashizume Atsushi , Yamada Shinichiro , Nakamori Masayuki , Izumi Rumiko , Kato Masaaki , Warita Hitoshi , Tateyama Maki , Kuroda Hiroshi , Asada Ryuta , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Nishino Ichizo , Aoki Masashi
Published: April 2023

Background:

GNE myopathy is an ultra-rare muscle disease characterized by a reduction in the synthesis of sialic acid derived from pathogenic variants in the GNE gene. No treatment has been established so far.

Objective:

We evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral supplementation of aceneuramic acid in patients with GNE myopathy.

Methods:

This multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind study comprised genetically confirmed GNE myopathy patients in Japan who were randomly assigned into treatment groups of sialic acid-extended release (SA-ER) tablets (6 g/day for 48 weeks) or placebo groups (4:1). The primary endpoint of effectiveness was set as the change in total upper limb muscle strength (upper extremity composite [UEC] score) from the start of administration to the final evaluation time point.

Results:

Among the 20 enrolled patients (SA-ER group, 16; placebo group, 4), 19 completed this 48-week study. The mean value of change in UEC score (95% confidence interval [CI]) at 48 weeks was –0.1 kg (–2.1 to 2.0) in the SA-ER group and –5.1 kg (–10.4 to 0.3) in the placebo group. The least squares mean difference (95% CI) between the groups in the covariance analysis was 4.8 kg (–0.3 to 9.9; P = 0.0635). The change in UEC score at 48 weeks was significantly higher in the SA-ER group compared with the placebo group ( P = 0.0013) in the generalized estimating equation test repeated measurement analysis. In one patient in the SA-ER group, who was found to be pregnant 2 weeks after drug administration fetal death with tangled umbilical cord occurred at 13 weeks after the discontinuation of treatment. No other serious adverse effects were observed.

Conclusions:

The present study indicates that oral administration of SA-ER tablets is effective and safe in patients with GNE myopathy in Japan.
A 6-items Questionnaire (6-QMD) captures a Mediterranean like dietary pattern and is associated with memory performance and hippocampal volume in elderly and persons at risk for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Gross Patrizia , Ersoezlue Ersin , Wagner Michael , Ballarini Tommaso , Kurz Carolin , Tatò Maia , Utecht Julia , Papazov Boris , Guersel Selim , Totzke Marie , Trappmann Lena , Burow Lena , Koller Gabriele , Stöcklein Sophia , Keeser Daniel , Altenstein Slawek , Bartels Claudia , Buerger Katharina , Dechent Peter , Dobisch Laura , Ewers Michael , Fliessbach Klaus , Freiesleben Silka Dawn , Glanz Wenzel , Goeerss Doreen , Gref Daria , Haynes John Dylan , Janowitz Daniel , Kilimann Ingo , Kimmich Okka , Kleineidam Luca , Laske Christoph , Lohse Andrea , Maier Franziska , Metzger Coraline D. , Munk Matthias H. , Peters Oliver , Preis Lukas , Priller Josef , Roeske Sandra , Roy Nina , Sanzenbacher Carolin , Scheffler Klaus , Schneider Anja , Schott Björn Hendrik , Spottke Annika , Spruth Eike Jakob , Teipel Stefan , van Lent Debora Melo , Wiltfang Jens , Wolfsgruber Steffen , Yakupov Renat , Düzel Emrah , Jessen Frank , Perneczky Robert
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

There is evidence that adherence to Mediterranean-like diet reduces cognitive decline and brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, lengthy dietary assessments, such as food frequency questionnaires (FFQs), discourage more frequent use.

OBJECTIVE:

Here we aimed to validate a 6-items short questionnaire for a Mediterranean-like diet (6-QMD) and explore its associations with memory performance and hippocampal atrophy in healthy elders and individuals at risk for AD.

METHODS:

We analyzed 938 participants (N = 234 healthy controls and N = 704 participants with an increased AD risk) from the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). The 6-QMD was validated against the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) score and the Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) score, both derived from a detailed FFQ. Furthermore, associations between the 6-QMD and memory function as well as hippocampal atrophy were evaluated using linear regressions.

RESULTS:

The 6-QMD was moderately associated with the FFQ-derived MeDi adherence score (ρ = 0.25, p < 0.001) and the MIND score (ρ = 0.37, p= < 0.001). Higher fish and olive oil consumption and lower meat and sausage consumption showed significant associations in a linear regression, adjusted for diagnosis, age, sex and education, with memory function (β = 0.1, p = 0.008) and bilateral hippocampal volumes (left: β = 0.15, p < 0.001); (right: β = 0.18, p < 0.001)).

CONCLUSIONS:

The 6-QMD is a useful and valid brief tool to assess the adherence to MeDi and MIND diets, capturing associations with memory function and brain atrophy in healthy elders and individuals at increased AD dementia risk, making it a valid alternative in settings with time constraints.
AI Is All About Typing the Right Phrase
Authors: Irawan Dasapta Erwin
Published: April 2023

This post explores the role of AI in creativity and problem-solving, while emphasizing the importance of maintaining a balance between human and artificial intelligence. The author cautions against relying too heavily on AI, which can lead to a loss of human creativity and originality. To strike a balance, AI can be used as a tool to enhance our creativity while ensuring that our unique ideas and perspectives are not lost in the process.

AI can also assist us in problem-solving, but we must remain mindful of its role and not rely on it entirely. We should evaluate the solutions it provides and maintain control over our work. Ethical principles and human rights must be respected, including transparency, accountability, fairness, and privacy. AI systems must be explainable and address data biases, security, and privacy. A legal framework for the development and use of AI is crucial for protecting judicial rights.
Principles of Church-State Relationships in the Writings of Ellen G. White
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Costa Marcio
Published: April 2023

The Topic Since the beginnings of Seventh-day Adventism there have been real or perceived tensions between two contrasting perspectives of church-state relationships: (1) the “eschatological view” that a union of church and state will lead to persecution in the times preceding the second coming of Christ, and (2) the “temporal view” that in order to accomplish its mission in the present, the church needs to work in an independent, but non-conflictual relationship with the state as far as it can do so without violating its primary allegiance to God. The Purpose In order to discover Ellen G. White’s position on the two perspectives, the study analyzed all the writings of Ellen G. White on the topic of church-state relationships, searching for her principles of church-state relationships. Her principles were compared with the views of others during the colonial and early federal periods of American history, and with the historical records of the church-state debate among Adventists until the end of her life. The Sources The search for principles used all relevant published and unpublished writings of Ellen G. White. The studies of the American historical background and the progression of the debate among Adventists used both primary and secondary sources. The Conclusions Ellen White’s principles of church-state relationships grew out of her worldview of a Great Controversy between good and evil. She believed that both church and state had been established by God as separate institutions with distinct purposes for the benefit of humankind. However, in the conflict between good and evil, both church and state are objects of Satan’s attack. According to White, the state has divinely given authority to enforce the last six of the Ten Commandments which define human responsibilities to other humans, and to safeguard the freedom of humans to obey the first four commandments which describe their responsibilities to God. Thus the proper role of government is to protect both the religious and civil liberties of its citizens. Ellen White expected the church to pursue its mission in compliance with the laws of the land, but with nonnegotiable loyalty to God, and that Adventist participation in social and political activism should always be subordinate to the requirements of the church’s mission.
Germany and France as a driving force for European integration in the 1970s and 1980s
Authors:   United European Research Society, Shin Jong-Hoon
Published: April 2023

This article aims to explain the importance of French-German cooperation in the process of European integration in the 1970s and 1980s. To this end, this article explains how France and Germany became both pillars of European integration from the December 1969 Hague Summit, the starting point for overcoming the stagnation of European integration in the 1960s, to the signing of the European Single Act in 1986. Chapter II will describe important aspects of French-German cooperation in European integration from the Hague Summit in 1969 to the Paris Summit in 1974. Chapters III and IV will explain the leading role of French-German bilateral ties in European integration in the process of establishing the European Monetary System in 1979 and solving the British Budgetary Question in the early 1980s.
French Diplomacy of Influence and the case of Louvre-Abu Dhabi Museum
Authors:   United European Research Society, PARK Sun Hee
Published: April 2023

This paper aims to analyze the political and economic effects as well as cultural and diplomatic attributes of the establishment of an overseas branch of Louvre Museum, in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. If the role of the museum as an actor of cultural diplomacy was previously only to exchange works with foreign museums, from the mid 2000s, it played a much more active role through the internationalization of museums. In the case of France, the rise of museum diplomacy coincides with the full-fledged beginning of Diplomacy of Influence(diplomatie d'influence), a French public diplomacy, which shows that French cultural diplomacy has shifted from the previous defensive method to the offensive use of its cultural assets. With a entrepreneurial approach, France revises its strategy to use cultural brands as tools to spread their cultural rayonnement. The mid 2000s was a time when France's status in the United Arab Emirates was overturned by the United States. At a time when France's influence in the United Arab Emirates declined, France was able to strengthen cooperation in Abu Dhabi's aviation and defense fields through the Louvre-Abu Dhabi bilateral cultural cooperation, and further laid the foundation for promoting bilateral political cooperation.
Trazos biográficos de Florencio Delgado Gurriarán
Authors: Gurriarán Rodríguez Ricardo
Published: April 2023

Florencio Delgado Gurriarán nace en Córgomo de Valdeorras (Ourense) en 1903. Fillo dunha familia de clase media, percorreu varias localidades fóra de Galicia por mor da calidade de funcionario que tiña seu pai, o que lle valeu para rematar a carreira de Dereito en Valladolid. Amante da súa terra valdeorresa, retornou cara a 1928, onde exerceu un tempo escaso como avogado. Afeccionado á lectura e á cultura, iniciouse na creación literaria como poeta e adquiriu un compromiso político como militante do Partido Galeguista en tempos da II República. Publicou o seu primeiro poemario en 1934, Bebedeira, na Editorial Nós. A guerra civil empuxouno a fuxir a diferentes destinos, recalando en Barcelona, logo de estar en Portugal e Francia. Alá enrolouse no exército republicano. Nos últimos días da guerra actuou solidariamente na preparación da evacuación dos perdedores. Exiliouse en México, onde viviu o resto da súa vida e onde tivo responsabilidades en toda canta actividade antifranquista prepararon os galeguistas e outras forzas políticas do exilio, e non cesou nunca no seu compromiso democrático. Volveu a Valdeorras tres veces e publicou tres libros de poemas máis. Morreu en California en 1987, con motivo dunha visita a unha das súas fillas que vivía alá. Este ano a RAG homenaxeouno coa distinción das Letras Galegas.
Diversity and relative abundance of rodent species under three habitat conditions in the Altiplano Potosino Oeste, Mexico
Authors: Martínez-Calderas Jesús M. , Ornelas-Rodarte Itayetzy E. , Palacio-Núñez Jorge , Martínez-Montoya Juan F. , Olmos-Oropeza Genaro , Bravo-Vinaja Ángel
Published: April 2023

Objective: To evaluate the diversity and abundance of rodent species, as well as vegetation cover, under three habitat conditions in the Altiplano Potosino Oeste.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The work was carried out in eight sites with good (3), regular (2), and poor (3) vegetation cover conditions. Frequency, basal, and aerial cover data were collected in three plot sizes to obtain the results for the three types of vegetation: arborescent stratum (20×20 m), shrubs (3 plots of 5×5 m), and herbaceous stratum (2 plots of 1×1m). In order to collect the rodent data, three sampling nets with 100 Sherman traps were used. Rodent species diversity was determined using the Shannon-Whinner index (SWI), while abundance was obtained using the Relative Density Index (RDI). Differences were determined using ANOVA.
Results: Grass cover decreased depending on the condition; however, this was not the case of the shrub cover. The overall diversity of rodent species was 21 (16 in fair, 15 in good, and 14 in poor condition). The total SWI and RDI decreased depending on the condition. Dipodomys ornatus, D. merriami, and Chaetodipus nelsoni were the most abundant and most widespread species.
Study Limitations/Implications: The study was conducted during the most restrictive season and under drought conditions. This situation impacted cattle, but not rodents. However, although their plasticity maintained relatively stable RDI values, the indices decreased depending on the condition.
Findings/Conclusions: Despite their habitat conditions, the rodents found in the area are more diverse and abundant than those reported in reference works. Therefore, further studies about this subject should be carried out using rodents as bioindicators
Aphid diversity and population fluctuation of vector species of the ringspot virus in papaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Pozo Santiago César Orlando , Peña Martínez Rebeca , Ríos-Rodas Liliana , Martínez Valdés Martin Gerardo , Ramos Hernández Eder , Gerónimo Torres José del Carmen
Published: April 2023

Objective: To examine the diversity of winged aphids in papaya (Carica papaya L.) crops and to determine the population fluctuation of vector species of the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV).
Design/Methodology/Approach: We captured winged aphids by placing eight Moericke-type water traps (four green and four yellow). We conducted weekly samplings to locate plants with ringspot symptoms, record the abundance of vector species of PRSV, and document the progress of the disease.
Results: We collected a total of n=694 individuals of 20 species, seven of which fell in the green traps and 19 in the yellow traps. The green traps registered the highest diversity value; however, the yellow traps captured the largest richness. Six of the captured aphids are reported as PRSV transmitters. The analysis of the population fluctuation of the vector species determined that A. spiraecola recorded two population peaks during the study: the first at week three, with 93 captured individuals; and the second (and highest) at week ten, with 316 individuals. PRSV was observed in the week seven in nine diseased plants. Full contagion (100%) was reached by week 44.
Study Limitations/Implications: Developing strategies for preventing and controlling pest species and disease vectors crucially depends on the correct choice of methods to capture and monitor insect populations in crops.
Findings/Conclusions: We can infer that vector species conduct short-distance migrations within the plantation. This inference is supported by the increased number of diseased plants.
Effect of climatic factors on the diversity and abundance of Scolytinae and Platypodinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in a pine-oak forest of north-eastern Puebla, Mexico.
Authors: Lopez Ortega Maurilio , Suárez-Hernández Hugo de Jesus , Infante Francisco , Ortiz-Ceballos Ángel I. , Díaz-Fleischer Francisco
Published: April 2023

Objective: The aim of this work  was to evaluate the diversity and abundance of bark beetles and ambrosial beetles and their relationship with temperature and relative humidity.

Design/methodology/approach: The study was carried out in a pine-oak forest of the northeastern Sierra of the state of Puebla, where a monitoring system was established using Lindgren traps baited with frontalin, brevicomine, alpha-pinene and beta-pinene.

Results: The presence of 23 species of bark beetles and ambrosial beetles was recorded. Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte) and Pseudips mexicanus (Hopkins) were the most abundant species and their presence was significantly associated with places having  high relative humidity.

Limitations on study/implications: The results obtained are limited to the studied ecosystem. 

Findings/conclusions: It was concluded that the abundance of the species observed was closely related with climatic factors.
Ein Bewertungsleitfaden für marine Kohlendioxid-Entnahme-Methoden
Authors:   CDRmare
Published: April 2023

Zu marinen Kohlendioxid-Entnahme-Methoden wird derzeit mehr geforscht als je zuvor. Das Fachwissen über die einzelnen Ansätze wächst stetig. Gleichzeitig setzt die Politik auf Kohlendioxid-Entnahme-Methoden, um nationale Klimaziele zu erreichen. Was fehlt, ist ein Instrument, mit dem die Forschungsergebnisse zusammengeführt und Methoden bewertet werden können – auf transparente und für jedermann nachvollziehbare Weise. In der Forschungsmission CDRmare entwickelt ein interdisziplinäres Team von Wissenschaftler:innen einen Bewertungsleitfaden, der dies ermöglichen soll. Er fragt nicht nur, ob eine Methode technisch, rechtlich oder politisch umsetzbar ist, sondern auch, ob ihr Einsatz gemessen an ethisch-moralischen Grundsätzen unserer Gesellschaft als »wünschenswert« bezeichnet werden kann – ein elementar wichtiger Beitrag für künftige Debatten.
Transaction Costs: Renderings and Consequences
Authors: Tambovtsev Vitaly L.
Published: April 2023

Although the theory of transaction costs has long been fruitfully used in the analysis of the economy, some of its aspects still have an ambiguous understanding among the researchers. The purpose of the article is to analyze such alternative interpretations. It is shown that transaction costs include mainly accounting components, and in some cases also subjective estimates of opportunity costs. Based on the analysis of the literature, the erroneous interpretation of transaction costs as unproductive has been demonstrated, and situations have been identified in which the minimization of transaction costs certainly contributes to the growth and development of the economy. The final section shows that the notion of transactional benefit (transactional value), which some researchers believe is a development of the theory of transaction costs, is in fact nothing more than another name for such a well-known concept as the benefits of joint activity, or the benefits of trade. It is shown that taking into account the benefits of joint activities and trade has always been part of the institutional analysis of the economy, starting with the work of R. Coase, D. North and O. Williamson, due to which the mentioned concept of transaction benefits is unlikely to make a meaningful contribution to the development of the theory of transaction costs.
Developing English Grammar Instructional Materials Oriented to Constructivism Theory
Authors: Andika Andika , Tahrun Tahrun , Firdaus Masagus
Published: April 2023

The enhancement or modification of instructional materials is essential to ensure their effectiveness as teaching aids. For the purpose of improving the quality of instructional materials and making them more appealing to educators and students alike, a comprehensive approach must be taken that considers both the content and the form of the materials. In order to make the module an attractive teaching material, it is imperative to enhance its quality. This study aimed to identify the optimal approach for developing an English grammar instructional material based on the constructivist theory and to assess its validity. The research employed a research and development method using the DDR model. The study findings reveal that the English grammar subject 1 module, containing basic and simple materials, is the most suitable form for developing an instructional material oriented to constructivism theory. Additionally, the presentation of the module is clear and well-organized, the language used is easily comprehensible, and the module's structure is user-friendly and engaging. Furthermore, the validation results demonstrate that the developed module is highly effective as an instructional material for teaching English grammar, attesting to its overall quality.
Corpus of Founding Era American English: designing a corpus for interpreting the United States Constitution
Authors: Hashimoto Brett
Published: April 2023

The original meaning of words or phrases is often in dispute in Founding Era legislation, especially the US Constitution. The Corpus of Founding Era American English (cofea) accurately provides evidence for the meaning of contested terms during the Founding Era. cofea consists of 126,394 texts and over 136 million words. This corpus has been and is being used by legal researchers and interpreters in scholarly research as well as various courts, including the Supreme Court. This paper describes the motivation for the creation of cofea and describes the process of designing and collecting the corpus.
Quantitative-statistic corpus analysis about mood variation in Spanish based on linguistic and social variables
Authors: Hirota Harunobu
Published: April 2023

Mood is one of the most popular topics in Spanish and mood alternation occurs when the structure is just an adverb and a verb. Although many studies have addressed this subject, most focus on verbs. Some studies have discussed mood alternation with adverbs of doubt, but only a few use statistical methods. In addition, the existing research on speakers’ social factors is insufficient. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to reveal differences between the adverbs of doubt using statistical methods and to elucidate the relationship between mood alternation and social factors. To achieve these objectives, this corpus study extracts data from corpes xxi (2020) and preseea-Madrid ( distrito de Salamanca) and analyses 1,587 examples containing posiblemente, probablemente, quizá, quizás, tal vez, a lo mejor, igual and seguramente using multiple correspondence analysis and decision tree analysis. The results show that adverbs of doubt can be divided into two groups. One includes posiblemente, probablemente, quizá, quizás and tal vez which are more likely to co-occur with the subjunctive. The other includes a lo mejor, igual and seguramente which have tendencies to co-occur with the indicative. Furthermore, for social factors, male, educated people, and peninsular Spanish relates more to the subjunctive.
A scalable corneal xenograft platform: simultaneous opportunities for tissue engineering and circular economic sustainability by repurposing slaughterhouse waste
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Shakeel Adeeba , Salih Ahmed E. , Vurivi Hema , Daoud Sayel , Desidery Luca , Khan Raheema L. , Shibru Meklit G. , Ali Zehara M. , Butt Haider , Chan Vincent , Corridon Peter R.
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Corneal disease is a leading cause of blindness globally that stems from various etiologies. High-throughput platforms that can generate substantial quantities of corneal grafts will be invaluable in addressing the existing global demand for keratoplasty. Slaughterhouses generate substantial quantities of underutilized biological waste that can be repurposed to reduce current environmentally unfriendly practices. Such efforts to support sustainability can simultaneously drive the development of bioartificial keratoprostheses.

Methods: Scores of discarded eyes from the prominent Arabian sheep breeds in our surrounding region of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were repurposed to generate native and acellular corneal keratoprostheses. Acellular corneal scaffolds were created using a whole-eye immersion/agitation-based decellularization technique with a widely available, eco-friendly, and inexpensive 4% zwitterionic biosurfactant solution (Ecover, Malle, Belgium). Conventional approaches like DNA quantification, ECM fibril organization, scaffold dimensions, ocular transparency and transmittance, surface tension measurements, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to examine corneal scaffold composition.

Results: Using this high-throughput system, we effectively removed over 95% of the native DNA from native corneas while retaining the innate microarchitecture that supported substantial light transmission (over 70%) after reversing opacity, a well-established hallmark of decellularization and long-term native corneal storage, with glycerol. FTIR data revealed the absence of spectral peaks in the frequency range 2849 cm−1 to 3075 cm−1, indicating the effective removal of the residual biosurfactant post-decellularization. Surface tension studies confirmed the FTIR data by capturing the surfactant’s progressive and effectual removal through tension measurements ranging from approximately 35 mN/m for the 4% decellularizing agent to 70 mN/m for elutes highlighting the effective removal of the detergent.

Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first dataset to be generated outlining a platform that can produce dozens of ovine acellular corneal scaffolds that effectively preserve ocular transparency, transmittance, and ECM components using an eco-friendly surfactant. Analogously, decellularization technologies can support corneal regeneration with attributes comparable to native xenografts. Thus, this study presents a simplified, inexpensive, and scalable high-throughput corneal xenograft platform to support tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and circular economic sustainability.
Functionalization of zirconia ceramic with fibronectin proteins enhanced bioactivity and osteogenic response of osteoblast-like cells
Authors: Aung Lwin Moe , Lin Jerry Chin-Yi , Salamanca Eisner , Wu Yi-Fan , Pan Yu-Hwan , Teng Nai-Chia , Huang Haw-Ming , Sun Ying-Sui , Chang Wei-Jen
Published: April 2023

Introduction: To overcome the genuine bioinert properties of zirconia ceramic, functionalization of the surface with the bioactive protein fibronectin was conducted.

Methods: Glow discharge plasma (GDP)-Argon was first used to clean the zirconia surface. Then allylamine was treated at three different powers of 50 W, 75 W, and 85 W and immersed into 2 different fibronectin concentrations (5 µg/ml and 10 µg/ml).

Results and Discussion: After surface treatment, irregularly folded protein-like substances were attached on the fibronectin coated disks, and a granular pattern was observed for allylamine grafted samples. Infrared spectroscopy detected C-O, N-O, N-H, C-H, and O-H functional groups for fibronectin treated samples. Surface roughness rose and hydrophilicity improved after the surface modification, with MTT assay showing the highest level of cell viability for the A50F10 group. Cell differentiation markers also showed that fibronectin grafted disks with A50F10 and A85F10 were the most active, which in turn encouraged late-stage mineralization activity on 21d. Up-regulation of osteogenic related mRNA expression from 1d to 10d can be observed in RT-qPCR data for ALP, OC, DLX5, SP7, OPG and RANK biomarkers. These physical and biological properties clearly indicate that an allylamine and fibronectin composite grafted surface significantly stimulated the bioactivity of osteoblast-like cells, and can be utilized for future dental implant applications.