bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organic mental illnesses are outlawed: farewell to Karl Bonhoeffer
Authors: Mendelevich V. D.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the reasons for the deletion of the section “Organic mental disorders” from the psychiatric classifications (ICD-11, DSM-5) and its replacement by the sections “Neurocognitive disorders” and “Secondary mental and behavioral disorders associated with disorders and diseases classified in other chapters”. It is argued that at the present stage of development of psychiatry it has become clear that not only organic mental disorders are associated with impaired brain function, but also all others, e.g. the disorders of the schizophrenic spectrum. This leads to the conclusion that the term “organic” has become an anachronism and no longer reflects the essence of psychogenesis. As a result, changes in terminology in modern psychiatric classifications should be recognized as justified. However, the term “organic disorders” did not have a stigmatizing character, unlike, for example, “psychopathy”, “oligophrenia”, “hysteria” or “manic-depressive psychosis”. It undoubtedly had an indeterminate character, as it interpreted pathological changes in the brain broadly and was opposed to the concept of “functional disorders”. At the current stage of development of psychoneurology, organic causes are often found behind the functional. Exclusion of the term “organic” from the psychiatric lexicon, rejection of the Bonhoeffer approach, the Walter-Buell triad and the psychoorganic syndrome can be considered superfluous, since the introduction of the concept of “secondary mental disorders” in their place does not alter the process of understanding the nature of psychogenesis. It is concluded that the division of mental disorders into so-called primary and secondary disorders is no better than the opposition of functional and organic disorders, and that the “outdated” approach can be used in the training of young psychiatrists, emphasizing that the term “organic” can also be extended to mental disorders that used to be called endogenous.
Clinical features of vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Martynova O. O. , Vakhnina N. V. , Zakharov V. V.
Published: October 2024

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) can occur in cerebrovascular disease of varying degree of severity, which requires further investigation.

Objective: to identify specific features of attention deficit and executive function (EF) impairment in VCI and to determine the relationship between cognitive, neurological and radiological signs of the disease.

Material and methods. The study involved 80 patients (51 with VCI – the main group and 29 healthy volunteers – the control group). All participants underwent clinical and neuropsychological examination and MRI of the brain. VCI was diagnosed according to 2014 VASCOG criteria. The neuropsychological examination included an assessment of the general cognitive function (MoCA test, MMSE); general EF (FAB, EXIT-25); episodic memory (12-word memory test and Benton Visual Retention Test); semantic memory (categorical association method); initiation and productivity of cognitive activity (literal associations); attention [TMT-A, Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)]; cognitive flexibility (TMT-B); cognitive control (Stroop test).

Results. As a result of the study, three subgroups of patients with VCI were identified: 1) predominantly attention deficit (AD); 2) AD and significant decrease in cognitive flexibility (CFD); 3) AD in combination with a significant cognitive control deficiency (CCD). The TMT-A and SDMT tests were significantly worse in all subgroups of VCI compared to the control group, with the worst SDMT score in subgroup 2. Subgroup 2 also had the longest time to complete the TMT-B test. Subgroup 3 was characterized by the worst Stroop test results, and uncontrolled arterial hypertension was more common in this group. Gait disturbances were significantly more frequent in subgroup 2, and increased reflexes of oral automatism and grasp reflex were observed in subgroup 3. White matter hyperintensity (WMH) was more pronounced in subgroup 2, and lacunar infarcts (LI) were more frequent in subgroup 3. Prevalence of LI and severity of WMH were lowest in subgroup 1.

Conclusion. The main features of VCI are attention deficit and EF impairment, characteristics of EF disorders depend on the severity and type of vascular lesions of the brain. Progression of WMH is associated with more pronounced CFD and an increase in the number of LI is associated with CCD. There is a correlation between CFD and gait disturbances and between CCD and lack of primitive reflexes inhibition.
Asthenia and vascular cognitive impairment in young patients after stroke
Authors: Shchepankevich L. A. , Rerikh K. V. , Ponomareva M. S. , Zatynko A. V. , Taneeva E. V.
Published: October 2024

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is found in most patients over 50 years of age. At a young age, PSCI has a negative impact on daily activities, quality of life and return to work, regardless of physical recovery. Often PSCI are combined with asthenia, but there is very little information on the prevalence of post-stroke asthenia (PSA). Currently, the treatment of PSCI and PSA in young patients with citicoline is still controversial.

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of PSCI and PSA in young patients and the efficacy and safety of the domestic drug Noocil (citicoline) in the treatment of PSCI and PSA in stroke patients of young age.

Material and methods. The work was conducted in two stages: the first stage was a longitudinal study of cognitive status using neurocognitive scales and assessment of signs of asthenia in patients aged 18 to 45 years; the second stage was an open prospective observational study of 47 patients aged 18 to 45 years with confirmed ischemic stroke (IS) who were randomly assigned to groups with Noocil administration (main group; n=26) or without treatment (control group; n=21). Cognitive function was assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and asthenia by manifestations of general fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, MFI-20).

Results. High frequency of PSCI (51%) and the severity of asthenia according to MFI-20 scale were found in the hospital sample of young patients with IS. A direct correlation was found between the severity of PSA and the degree of cognitive decline. The positive effect of Noozil on cognitive functions, emotional state and severity of asthenia in the study group was noted. At the end of treatment, the mean MoCA score was 27.4±1.4 in the main group and 25.9±1.1 in the control group (p<0.01), and the mean MFI-20 score was 37.4±7.4 in the main group and 43.7±5.1 in the control group (p<0.01).

Conclusion. The high incidence of PSCI and PSA and the positive effect of Noocil on the non-motor consequences of stroke in young patients and the high safety profile of the drug were shown.
Ischemic stroke due to dissection of the posterior cerebral artery in a patient with polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Maksimova M. Yu. , Airapetova A. S.
Published: October 2024

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic condition clinically manifested by the formation of multiple cysts in the kidneys, liver and pancreas, as well as cardiovascular pathology. One of the rare complications of PKD is the development of dissections of the aorta, coronary and cerebral arteries.

This article presents a clinical case of ischemic stroke due to dissection of the posterior cerebral artery in a young patient with PKD who had a history of recurrent bleeding in the deep parts of both cerebral hemispheres.
Typical tactics of treatment of patients with chronic non-specific back pain and tension-type headaches
Authors: Golovacheva A. A. , Golovacheva V. A.
Published: October 2024

Non-specific (musculoskeletal) back pain (NBP) and tension-type headache (THA) are among the most common conditions in neurological practice that significantly impair patients' ability to work. The typical practice of treating patients with NBP and THA has not been sufficiently investigated, which formed the basis for conducting this study.

Objective: to evaluate the quality of diagnosis and treatment of chronic NBP and THA in real-life neurological practice.

Material and methods. The study included 120 patients with chronic NBP and combined THA of different frequency (32 men and 88 women, mean age 38.4±9.6 years) who were treated in A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Neurologic Diseases (CND) of Sechenov University with complaints of back pain and headache and who had previously been examined and treated by neurologists and therapists in other medical institutions on an outpatient and/or inpatient basis. All patients underwent a clinical interview to establish a diagnosis and analyze previous treatment, a neurological and neuro-orthopedic examination and a psychometric examination to assess anxiety and depression symptoms.

Results. Prior to contacting CND, only 10% of patients had a diagnosis of chronic NBS, only 7% had a diagnosis of THA and the remaining patients had other misdiagnoses. All patients had previously undergone additional examinations, mainly neuroimaging of the spine and brain, ultrasound examination of the neck vessels, even if there were no "red flags" – signs of danger in back pain and headache. None of the patients had previously had their emotional state assessed, while 75% of patients had symptoms of depression of varying severity and all patients suffered from anxiety of varying severity. Neuro-orthopaedic examination was performed in only 10% of patients. All patients received nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for back pain, and most patients received vascular and nootropic medication for headaches. Of the non-pharmacological methods, massage and passive physiotherapy were most frequently prescribed. Only 9% of patients were recommended kinesiotherapy, and only 5% of patients performed it.

Conclusion. In real-life medical practice, chronic NBP and THA are inadequately diagnosed, excessive and unjustified additional examinations are prescribed, unsatisfactory level of treatment, and patients with chronic NBP and THA are rarely prescribed kinesiotherapy.
Thoracalgia: diagnostic and treatment algorithms
Authors: Akhmedzhanova L. T. , Solokha O. A. , Kukava V. G.
Published: October 2024

Treatment of patients with chest pain (thoracalgia) is a current medical issue. The most common cause of thoracalgia is a benign musculoskeletal pain such as intercostal myofascial pain, facet syndrome and osteoarthritis of the sternocostal joints. However, chest pain can also be caused by life-threatening conditions that require emergent medical care. The article presents the clinical symptoms and treatment approaches for various chest pain syndromes and the principles of differential diagnosis of cardiac pain. The basis of effective treatment is a comprehensive approach that includes patient education about the benign nature of the condition, kinesiotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain. Among the drug methods, the prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is the most important. Nimesulide is an NSAID with an optimal profile of efficacy and safety. The example of a clinical case shows the heterogeneity of pain syndromes in patients with chest pain, whose timely diagnosis and complex treatment can prevent pain chronification and improve patients' quality of life.
Risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation and attempt in Latin American adolescents and youth: systematic review
Authors: Hernández Bello Ladini Sunanda , de la Hoz Restrepo Fernando , Ríos Paternina Andrés Mauricio
Published: October 2024

Suicidal behavior is constituted as a public health problem, and the literature is recognized extensively for enunciating risk and protection factors associated with the attempt of suicide. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the primary studies is required by systematic reviews, thus guiding decision-making regarding the design of interventions from the risk approach. The identification of the risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescents and young people in Latin America studies and the evaluation of the methodological quality of the included studies were the objectives of this systematic review. The databases CUIDEN, LILACS, Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and Medline were consulted, with the results being restricted to articles in the last 10 years.A total of 3,642 documents were obtained, from which 19 studies were included. Of the studies, 52.63% (n=10) were found to have a medium internal validity level, and 57.89% (n=11) were determined to have a medium global quality level. The most frequently reported family risk factors were family dysfunction and suicide background, with other factors including the presence of mental disorder, psychoactive substances consumption, physical violence, sexual violence, and the social factor.On the other hand, the study of protective factors was found to be limited, with family functionality and support being the most frequently reported evidence.
nventário de Ansiedade Frente a Provas (IAP): Validade e invariância de uma versão reduzida
Authors: Montes Antônio Antônio da Conceição , Carvalho Franco Gabriel , Henrique Martins Gustavo , Valentini Felipe
Published: October 2024

Contextos avaliativos tendem a ser ansiogênicos para a maior parte das pessoas. Assim, compreender os níveis de ansiedade frente a provas é uma possibilidade para auxiliar o estudante individualmente, bem como compreender processos educativos mais amplos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as evidências de validade de estrutura interna, precisão e invariância na versão reduzida do Inventário de Ansiedade Frente a Provas (IAP). O estudo foi realizado com 1137 estudantes com idades variando de 18 a 63 anos (M = 25,94; DP = 7,37) no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados indicaram uma estrutura formada por quatro fatores: preocupação, falta de confiança, distração e emoção. Também foram evidenciadas boas estimas de precisão, com alfas variando de 0,86 a 0,93. Foram apresentadas evidências de invariância quanto ao sexo para o IAP, com as mulheres apresentando maiores níveis de ansiedade. Novos estudos são sugeridos para buscar por evidências de validade de critério e controle de vieses de resposta no IAP.
PERAN KANDUNGAN ZAT GIZI DAN SENYAWA BIOAKTIF PISANG TERHADAP TINGKAT NAFSU MAKAN : A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Basaria Pakpahan Santi , Anjani Gemala , Pramono Adriyan
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBioactive compounds can be found in various types of plants and fruit with various biological benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic which have the potential to prevent various chronic diseases. Currently, several studies have proven the effect of consuming fruits on serum levels of satiety and appetite hormones, as well as degree of satiety based on visual analogie scale (VAS). However there is still limited study on the effect of bananas bioactive compound on satiety and appetite. There are several bioactive compounds in bananas, including polyphenol, flavonoids, phenol, phenolic and anthocyanin, of which act as antioxidants. Furthermore Bananas  also contain of complex carbohydrates as a source of fiber in which mayhave an effect on satiety and appetite. The complex carbohydrate and antioxidants of bioactive compounds have been suggested to play roles on the regulatuion of appetite and satiety through the modulation of the gut hormones. The purpose of this narrative review is to overview the various bioactive compounds and the complex carbohydrate in bananas as well as  providing a summary of the biological mechanisms related to the regulation of satiety hormones and appetite levels.Keywords : Banana; bioactive compounds; satiety hormones; appetite leves ABSTRAKSenyawa bioaktif dapat ditemukan pada berbagai jenis tanaman dan buah-buahan dengan berbagai manfaat biologis, seperti antiinflamasi, antioksidan, antikanker, antiobesitas dan antidiabetik yang berpotensi dalam pencegahan terhadap berbagai penyakit kronis. Saat ini, beberapa penelitian telah membuktikan adanya pengaruh konsumsi buah-buahan terhadap kadar serum hormon kenyang dan nafsu makan serta tingkat rasa kenyang berdasarkan pengukuran visual analogue scale (VAS), namun masih terbatas yang meneliti pada pisang. Beberapa senyawa bioaktif pada pisang diantaranya, polifenol, flavonoid, fenol, fenolik dan antosianin bersifat sebagai antioksidan. Pisang sebagian besar mengandung karbohidrat komples sebagai sumber serat dan berbagai senyawa bioaktif yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap rasa kenyang dan tingkat nafsu makan. Karbohidrat kompleks dan senyawa bioaktif diduga berperan dalam pengaturan nafsu makan dan rasa kenyang melalui modulasi satiety hormones. Tujuan dari tinjauan naratif ini adalah untuk meninjau berbagai senyawa bioaktif dalam pisang serta memberikan ringkasan mekanisme biologis terkait pengaturan hormon kenyang dan tingkat nafsu makan. Kata Kunci : Pisang; senyawa bioaktif; hormon kenyang; tingkat nafsu makan
Determination of Initial Elevation to Support Early Release Operations on Sadawarna Dam
Authors: Wahyudi Andri Puji , Wulandari Dyah Ari , Sriyana Ignatius
Published: October 2024

Modifications of Sadawarna Dam include the addition of a sluice gate that is placed on the right side of the spillway which functions as an early release facility along with an intake to lower the reservoir water level before the flood comes. Implementation of early release on reservoir routing requires an initial elevation that is different from the initial elevation in general. The aim of this research is to determine the new initial elevation to support early release operations for the Sadawarna Reservoir. This research was conducted by calculating return flood discharge and flood routing in reservoir with 3 (three) scenarios of initial elevation. The method used for analysis of return flood discharge is SCS (Soil Conservation Service). The reservoir routing method uses level pool routing with the HEC-HMS application. Initial elevation is determined by 3 (three) scenarios that started from initial elevation +75,25 masl, +77,00 masl, and +78,50 masl. The results of 3 (three) scenarios showed that the optimal initial elevation that can be used in early release operations is at an elevation of +77,00 masl. The results of the reservoir flood routing simulation with initial elevation resulted reduction flood discharge up to return period of 50 years and resulted in the fastest reservoir water level recovery
The influence of Sea Water on Compressive Strength, Permeability, and Geopolymer Concrete Microstructure with Fly ash and White Soil as a Substitute for Cement
Authors: Priastiwi, ST. MT. Yulita Arni , Wibowo Hardi , Puwanto Purwanto , Hidayat Arif , Ulayya Inandhiya , Carita Nensi
Published: October 2024

The increasing infrastructure development of an area is sometimes located in an aggressive environment, one of which is in coastal areas so that direct contact with sea air cannot be avoided. This research aims to determine the effect of sea water on geopolymer concrete using fly ash and white soil as cement substitutes with testing parameters for compressive strength, permeability and microstructure. The test objects used were cylindrical in shape measuring 150x300 mm and 100x200 mm. The ratio of fly ash and white soil used was 85%:15% and the activator used was NaOH 8M and Na2SiO3 with a ratio of 1:2,5. The mixture proportion using a ratio of 1 fly ash: 1,497 sand: 2 split: 0,451 alkali activator with a mutual plan is 35 MPa. Tests were carried out after the concrete had gone through a curing process for 56 days, then the concrete was conditioned without soaking and with soaking for 28 days. Tests were carried out at concrete ages of 56 and 87 days. The test results show that geopolymer concrete with the influence of sea water has a higher compressive strength value and a smaller permeability coefficient compared to concrete without the influence of sea water. Microstructural testing of geopolymer concrete under the influence of sea air produces a matrix-shaped structure morphology that is denser with fewer pores compared to concrete without the influence of sea air.
The Effects of Hypoand Hyperthyroidism on Nuclear, Cytosolic, Endoplasmic and Mitochondrial Fractions of Sialoglycoproteins in Rabbit Hepatocytes
Authors: Nowosadzka E. , Szymonik-Lesiuk S. , Kurzepa Jacek
Published: October 2024

Enhanced sialylation of glycoproteins occurs during hypoand hyperthyroidism. The role of sialic acid (SA) in cell membranes is well-standing, but its role in intracellular structures is still under analysis. We wanted to evaluate the influence of thyroid hormones on the sialylation ratio of intracellular proteins presented in cytosolic, mitochondrial, endoplasmic and nuclear fractions of rabbit hepatocytes. Twenty-one New Zealand male rabbits were divided into three groups. Hypothyroidism (N = 7) or hyperthyroidism (N = 7) was induced by adding propylthiouracyl (2 mg/l) or L-thyroxine (12 mg/l), respectively, to the drinking water for four weeks. Results were compared with healthy (euthyroid) control animals (N = 7). After isolation of intracellular fractions, standard SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and transfer onto nitrocellulose membrane were performed. Identification of SA residue was carried out with digoxigenin-labelled lectins: Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA). We noticed significantly higher level of SNA than MAA linkage sialoglycoproteins in all evaluated fractions. The sialylation ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the nuclear fraction in case of hyperthyroidism (detected with both agglutinins). In contrast to the nuclear fraction the content of SNA-detected sialoglycoproteins was significantly reduced in mitochondrial fraction of hyperthyroid hepatocytes (P < 0.05). Non-significant augmentation of MAA-detected sialoglycoproteins was observed in the mitochondrial fractions in both hypoand hyperthyroidism. The fluctuations of sialoglycoproteins in endoplasmic fraction were not significant. Our work showed that the subcellular structures are rich in SA residues. Differing effects of thyroid hormones on sialylation ratio suggest an important role for hypo- and hyperthyroidism in sialoglycoprotein metabolism.
The Suspense of Envy
Authors: von Sass Hartmut
Published: October 2024

My basic question in this paper is pretty straightforward: which resources does the Christian tradition have to overcome envy? If one reads the story of Christ’s passion as an “envy drama” and Christ’s cross as the unjust result of his enemies’ sinful envy (see Mk 15:10), one might offer a more elaborate version of the initial question: what do the crucifixion and resurrection mean when reconsidered as overcoming – or, as I shall say: suspending – envy as cardinal sin? Section one lays out conceptual issues, while section two repudiates two attempts of defending a particular form of envy. Section three is dedicated to different soteriological and Christological models in asking how they can deal with sin (and envy). It reacts to the problems implied by these accounts, particularly the subjectivist one, by suggesting a praxeological answer to the question of this paper.
Analysis of agricultural emissions and economic growth in Europe in search of ecological balance
Authors: Georgieva Vanya
Published: October 2024

This study analyses the relationship between economic growth, measured by gross value added in agriculture, and greenhouse gas emissions from the sector in 30 European countries during the period 2012–2021. The aim is to assess whether the increase in agricultural production leads to a corresponding increase in harmful emissions. Regression analysis is applied to establish linear statistical dependencies between variables, cluster analysis to group countries, and analysis of trends in the dynamics of indicators. The results show significant differences between countries, with no universal relationship between economic growth and emissions. A “decoupling” between growth and emissions is observed in some countries, demonstrating the potential for “green growth.” Regional and structural differences, as well as the level of technological development, stand out as key factors determining the relationship between economic growth and emissions, highlighting the need for an individualised approach in formulating policies for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector.
Vertical larynx actions and intergestural timing stability in Hausa ejectives and implosives
Authors: Oh Miran , Byrd Dani , Goldstein Louis , Narayanan Shrikanth S.
Published: October 2024

The current project undertakes a kinematic examination of vertical larynx actions and intergestural timing stability within multi-gesture complex segments such as ejectives and implosives that may possess specific temporal goals critical to their articulatory realization. Using real-time MRI (rtMRI) speech production data from Hausa non-pulmonic and pulmonic consonants, this study illuminates speech timing between oral constriction and vertical larynx actions within segments and the role this intergestural timing plays in realizing phonological contrasts and processes in varying prosodic contexts. Results suggest that vertical larynx actions have greater magnitude in the production of ejectives compared to their pulmonic counterparts, but implosives and pulmonic consonants are differentiated not by vertical larynx magnitude but by the intergestural timing patterns between their oral and vertical larynx gestures. Moreover, intergestural timing stability/variability between oral and non-oral (vertical larynx) actions differ among ejectives, implosives, and pulmonic consonants, with ejectives having the most stable temporal lags, followed by implosives and pulmonic consonants, respectively. Lastly, the findings show how contrastive linguistic ‘molecules’ – here, segment-sized phonological complexes with multiple gestures – interact with phrasal context in speech in such a way that it variably shapes temporal organization between participating gestures as well as respecting stability in relative timing between such gestures comprising a segment.
Missed encounters: what may be relevant for an AI is not for a human being
Authors: Silvestri Filippo
Published: October 2024

The World Wide Web has been a fundamental part of our daily lives for years. Its algorithmic framework ensnares our online journeys in an “endless recurrence” of the “same” by creating multiple filter bubbles. Digital algorithms establish a precise “order of discourse,” leaving little to no room for deviation. Functioning as a colossal machinic apparatus, the web embodies the culmination of Artificial Intelligence (AI), transforming every piece of posted content into a database that profiles our online behavior and activities. This article explores whether approaches that describe everyday human communication, such as the theories of relevance developed by Alfred Schutz, or by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson, can be applied to the realm of digital algorithmic grammars governing the web, and to the semiospheres that animate it. The conclusions raise some doubts: a gap exists between algorithmic language and its historical counterparts, characterized by a disparity between logical-mathematical grammar and other linguistic-historical-natural ones. While these two types of languages coexist within the digital landscape, their relevance differs; what may be “relevant” in an algebraic context may not necessarily translate to our live conversational exchanges, and vice versa. Although merged in the digital sphere, these languages operate distinctly, and proficiency in one does not guarantee adeptness in interpreting the other accurately.
Calcinosis around the joints of hands and arteries
Authors: S. Chandrashekara
Published: October 2024

Calcinosis is an unusual tissue response seen in certain connective tissue diseases. It usually occurs in subcutaneous tissues, and the involvement of arteries and their walls is less common. The figure 1 shows the hand X- ray of a 38-year-old female patient with limited systemic sclerosis. The patient was diagnosed around 10 years ago.
Forestier’s disease with complete spinal involvement
Authors: Varshney Ankur Nandan , Anand Ravi , Kumar Nilesh , Singh Nand Kumar
Published: October 2024

A 70-year-old diabetic and hypertensive male patient visited our clinic with complaints of non-inflammatory back pain since two years. He was heavy built with a BMI of 29 kg/m2. Physical examination revealed limitation of flexion, extension, and lateral flexion of lumbar spine.
Alkaptonuria, a rare cause for low back pain
Authors: Haridas Vikram Muralidhar
Published: October 2024

Alkaptonuria is a very rare disease that can cause premature degenerative arthritis of the spine and peripheral large joints. I present here a case of middle-aged woman who developed low back pain secondary to alkaptonuria.
Observational studies: Are they significant in the current evidence-based trial era?
Authors: S Chandrashekara  , R Misra
Published: October 2024

In the current era of evidence-based medicine, a comprehensive range of well-planned studies plays a crucial role in making prescribing decisions and developing effective patient management strategies. Clinical trials are significant to prove the safety and efficacy of treatments, whereas observational studies provide valuable additional data on how these therapies perform in real-life scenarios. This article focuses on the significance, advantages, and limitations of observational studies. The authors have also tried to explain how well-planned observational studies may help in obtaining the desired outcome by citing relevant examples from rheumatology clinical practice and research.
El pensamiento del papa Francisco acerca de las mujeres en la Iglesia. Un punto de partida y una meta por alcanzar
Authors: Ortiz de Elguea Eloísa
Published: October 2024

In the social and religious imaginary, women’s status has been devalued throughout history. Therefore, Christianity has not been immune to this, either. The Vatican Council II claims that “in Christ and in the Church, there is no inequality regarding lineage, birth, social status or sex” (LG 32). In this spirit, the Pope Francisco has expressed in a categorical way in favour of women, reporting the injustices coming from anthropological reductive visions. Being faithful to this thought, he has had concrete gestures appointing women to key posts in the Roman Curia. This is a starting point that we all women celebrate. However, all this continues to be a goal yet to be achieved. Changing the idea of woman as a “feminine nature”, incorporating the category gender as an intellectual instrument and trust in women’s ability in their diversity of gifts, generous service, honesty, fidelity to the Gospel and empowerment.
Interactions between geometrical forms and microstructural features in culm of square bamboo
Authors: Jiang Qianqian , Gao Wenli , Ding Zhangchao , Lu Changqing , Yan Yan , Yu Min , Gao Junlan , Zhou Liang , Liu Shengquan
Published: October 2024

Bamboo culms can alter the bamboo’s geometric shape by adjusting the hierarchical organization of anatomical components as a means of adapting to different living conditions. Therefore, a square-like culm has been found commonly in the Chimonobambusa bamboo species. However, the underling mechanism for how these anatomical components assemble into a square culm in the species remains to be considered. Furthermore, the relationship between the geometrical construction of culm and its corresponding organization of anatomical components within also needs clarification. Therefore, the geometrical construction of cross-sections was examined in this work. A super-ellipse based on the Lamé curve was confirmed. Additionally, the transitional zone, at 3/4 in the radial direction, was detected as an inflection point where the geometric parameters clearly changed. Meanwhile, anatomical observation also suggested that the transitional zone can be identified as an inflection point because the fibre morphology difference in circumferential regions becomes more apparent in this area. It is worth mentioning that there is a coherence between the geometrical and microstructural features in circumferential and radial variation. These findings are meaningful to manifest the controlling mechanism of hierarchical structures on the geometrical shape of bamboo culm.
Rasulullah Sebagai Pendidik; Studi Tematis Hadis Perspektif Morfosemantik dan Didaktik
Authors: Tafiati Tafiati , Maksum Maksum , Khoiriah Khoiriah , Wendry Novizal
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to reveal the profile of Muhammad SAW as an educator. The success of the Prophet in building Arab from an ignorant society to a world-class civilized society invites questions about the characteristics and professionalism of the Prophet as an educator. The study was conducted on several related hadiths, using morphosemantic and didactic linguistic approaches. Specifically, to reveal the characteristics of the Prophet as an educator, it will be traced through hadiths that explicitly contain the phrase Rasulullah as an educator. Meanwhile, related to professionalism, it is traced through the hadiths that describe the method of education practiced by the Prophet. This study found that; 1) There are three characteristics of the Prophet as an educator seen explicitly in the hadith, namely; a) mu'allim muyassir, b) ahsanu ta'lim, and c) arfaqu mu'allim. 2) The Prophet practiced various methods in education/learning and used the correct method for particular learning, as the professional form of the Prophet as an educator
The Relationship Between Islam and Local Wisdom in the Kampung Naga Tradition: Living Sunnah Research
Authors: Darmalaksana Wahyudin , Ratnasih Teti , Nur Saifudin
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the values of the hadith of the Prophet who lived in the Kampung Naga tradition. This study applies a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method through a field study based on the interpretation of the living sunnah. The results and discussion of this study found that the living sunnah in the Kampung Naga tradition lies in the rituals of pregnant women, birth of children, circumcision, gusaran, marriage, inheritance, blessings, death prayers, Hajat Sasih after Eid prayer, and others. The study concludes that the living sunnah is relevant to be applied considering that the Kampung Naga tradition is a crystallization of Islam and Sundanese local wisdom as an ancestral heritage. Living sunnah is able to explore the values of hadith that live in the Kampung Naga tradition without syncretic stigmatization of rituals that are considered incompatible with Islamic law. This study recommends further research maximally by compiling the research themes of living sunnah in the Kampung Naga tradition.TRANSLATE with x EnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian //  TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack//
The Truth of the Hadith about the Reasons for the Revelation of Surah Al-Kāfirūn and Its Effect on Religious Tolerance
Authors: Rohmansyah Rohmansyah
Published: October 2024

Hadith’s authenticity on crucial things, such as tolerance in Surah Al-Kāfirūn, must be studied. This paper aims to reveal and prove the status of the hadith as evidence of the revelation of Surah Al-Kāfirūn, associated with religious tolerance. This study belongs to library research implementing a descriptive-analytic approach and a theoretical framework of the Sociology of Knowledge by Peter L Berger and Thomas Lukmann. The results unveiled that the hadith concerning the revelation of Surah Al-Kāfirūn cannot be used as evidence because it was daif and mawquf. However, the tacitan of the hadith did not weaken the validity of the surah, of which the status is the word of God, which is qaṭ’ī. Therefore, Al-Kāfirūn’s correlation with religious tolerance remains valid as long as it pays attention to the determined limits. Mutual respect, assistance, and cooperation among religious people of different beliefs, and things unrelated to ideological aspects such as aqidah, worship, and sharia must be considered.The descent of surat  al-Kāfirun  exerts a  considerable influence on  the religiousness of the people. Every human being is  free  to choose his religion  according to his beliefs  and their own beliefs. But especially Muslims  have  rules  that  stick  to their religion, as well as  non-Muslims. Mereka is  free  to perform  worship  according to his understanding  and  belief. Surat al-Kāfirūn  in addition to  teaching plurality  in  religion  also  teaches the attitude of maintaining  unity  and unity of  the people,  reducing  hostility  and  eliminating  violence  and panatic  against  other groups. The majesty of  surat  al-Kāfirūn became a  way  out of the problem  of  conflict  between  religious  people  since its descent  until  now so that  between  religious  people  live get along well  and  don't  bother each other.
Sacrifice, Secrecy, and Sexual Conflict in Small-Scale Religions
Authors: Buckner William
Published: October 2024

Purzycki and Sosis provide a functionalist account of religion, viewing it as an evolved system designed to help individuals and groups navigate the recurrent social dilemmas that humans face across diverse socioecological contexts. I discuss their framework in relation to ethnographic case studies involving human sacrifice, ritual secrecy, and sexual conflict in small-scale societies. I argue that, while there is a great deal in the ethnohistorical record that the authors’ framework probably cannot satisfactorily account for, it does represent a useful lens for understanding some religious systems and practices.
Dance teaching pedagogy: A time for change
Authors: Richmond Courtney , Bird Kaylee
Published: October 2024

The dance world has a dance teaching pedagogy problem. The typical dance teaching model follows an authoritarian approach, which is increasingly criticised for causing more harm than good to our developing dancers. It is contended that this is not a necessary element of the equation of creating a competent dancer. Our experiences as developing dancers, and now as emerging dance teachers, ignited a desire to seek change. This desire to improve our own teaching led us to explore our own pedagogies and identify the need for increased pedagogical knowledge in dance teachers. Through research and practice, we have come to embrace a combined pedagogy that incorporates somatic and student-centred approaches as an alternative approach to dance teaching. This approach to pedagogy has the potential to create not only dancers but choreographers, teachers, creators and critical thinkers. The opportunity to protect the rights of young dancers is present and must not be ignored.
Breaths and beats: Vibrating at the borders of memory
Authors: Brown Carol
Published: October 2024

Writing out of dancing how do I address the dynamic, troubled, testing, transforming, vibrant and inventive work of dance through a dialogue with the past? How might the inter-corporeal transmission of learning to dance from a renowned teacher of a European style of modern expressive dance in Ōtepoti, Dunedin, Aotearoa instil lifelong values and principles of practice that can be returned to and reworked across times and places to reinvigorate dancing in the present? Informed by Luce Irigaray’s ontology of breath, in this writing I attend to the foundational practices of respiration and expressivity in the teachings and choreography of modern dance pioneer Shona Dunlop-MacTavish.
Cities of Vanadium: Technological Development and Post-Industrial Transformation in Emalahleni, Nizhny Tagil, and Panzhihua
Authors: Bugrov Konstantin D.
Published: October 2024

The paper investigates the trajectories of social and economic development of second-tier single-industry cities specializing in metallurgy of vanadium under the circumstances of post-industrial economy. In the middle of 20th century, a technology of processing titaniferous ore made it possible to use vast deposits of previously unexploited natural resources to produce steel and vanadium. The large integrated steel mills were erected in Witbank (Emalahleni) in South Africa, Nizhny Tagil in Russia, and Panzhihua in China. Being industrial monotowns dependent on mining and metallurgy, these cities were seeking for diversification which could provide sustainable development. Such diversification was generally following two directions: either establishment of belt of smaller technological enterprises and creating section of product with higher added value, or growing the system of industries of culture, leisure, and health. While Emalahleni failed in striving for diversification due to boom in coal industry, which ultimately led to bankruptcy of its steel industry, Nizhny Tagil and Panzhihua remained successful steel-making centers even in 21st century. However, even economic success and focused attempts to diversity city’s economy by means of creative reindustrialization were circumscribed by the cultural and environmental issues caused by the very fact of such industrial survival.
The Impact of Religious Self-Identification on Happiness and Well-Being: A Case Study of Kazakhstan
Authors: Jamanbalayeva Sholpan , Burova Elena , Tlenchiyeva Shyryn
Published: October 2024

Faith helps religious people persevere, hold back, refrain from fighting as much as possible, bear through life tribulations, and keep their loved ones in good spirits. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that people who identify as believers are happier than those who do not. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of religiosity on self-assessed well-being and satisfaction with various material and immaterial aspects of life from the perspective of religious and nonreligious people and to determine the strength of the effect of religion on subjective well-being in contrast to other socioeconomic factors. In the present study, 1,500 respondents from Kazakhstan took a survey that touched upon their perceptions of social well-being and self-assessed religious status. The survey results were subjected to quantitative analysis via descriptive statistics and correlation analysis via Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and the Mann‒Whitney U test. The results indicate that people in Kazakhstan demonstrate a fairly high level of self-assessed happiness. There is a statistically significant, albeit weak, correlation between self-assessed happiness and being religious. Research shows that regardless of religiosity, happiness is likely to be experienced by people if they are healthy.
University’s Information Policy in a Mediatized Reality: Youth as the Main Target Audience
Authors: Gureeva Anna N.
Published: October 2024

One of the key challenges faced by Russian higher education institutions is the lack of effective long-term strategies for communicating their research, educational activities, and student development efforts to various target audiences such as scholars, students, prospective applicants, regulatory authorities, and international groups. This study aims to uncover the principles and key features of universities’ information policies targeted at youth in Russia. The paper presents findings based on data obtained from a series of in-depth interviews (n = 17) with student representatives, vice-rectors, and department heads specializing in youth communication policy and pedagogical activities at Russian universities. Additionally, the study includes empirical data from a pilot survey conducted among students across four federal districts (n = 150). In the final section, the paper offers a set of key recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of media communication efforts with youth audiences.
On Professional Values Under a State of War: Exile Journalists From Ukraine in Russia
Authors: Volkov Pavel V. , Baysha Olga A.
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses the case of exile journalists from Ukraine who moved to Russia between 2014 and 2022. What, in terms of journalistic norms, was unacceptable to them in the Ukrainian journalistic field? What did they find problematic in this respect in Russia? These were the basic questions driving the research, in the course of which 15 exile journalists were interviewed; their answers were analysed using Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. The findings presented in the paper show that, despite all the difficulties of their personal situations, exile journalist still consider professional values such as independence and truth-telling to be important, continuing to use these normative yardsticks to measure the quality of the journalistic condition. The biggest concern that most of the informants shared was that journalists in both Russia and Ukraine used the language of hatred and discrimination toward political and cultural others, that is so-called antagonistic discourse that only contribute to the spiralling of violence and can never help in reaching peace. These findings allow the suggestion that by occupying a unique position from which to witness the contingency of hegemonic orders exile journalists advocating for peace may re-affirm the values of human dignity and peaceful coexistence, two basic principles of the journalistic profession, as identified by UNESCO.
Leadership in Technical Fields Through a Gender Lens
Authors: Oblova Irina S.
Published: October 2024

Although women have fought for labor rights for many years, they continue to be underrepresented at almost all levels of decision-making. The present study aims to provide insights into female leadership in technical fields both in the EU and in Russia. The article examines the principal leadership aspects of women’s status and career experiences. To identify the ingredients of successful leadership, the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and interviews were administrated to a sample of 200 mining students and 40 senior executives. The research data were processed by means of correlative, regressive, and autocorrelation analyses. To track the consistency of the identified leadership factors, female heads of enterprise divisions and university departments shared their views on career progress. The Mann–Whitney U test was employed to analyze the leadership factors. Studies indicate that the more senior the position is, the fewer women there are in leadership roles. Women’s progress in technical careers is hindered both by their own uncertainty and judgments made by others about their abilities. To rectify this situation, practices for encouraging young women to pursue technical careers are recommended along with approaches for maintaining them within the career structure. The research findings also indicate a positive emerging global trend towards increased gender diversity in technical fields.