bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dinámica comercial y comportamiento del precio de arveja del departamento de Nariño (Colombia)
Authors: Ramos-Zambrano Housseman Steven , Riascos-Delgado Marcela Elizabeth , Luna-Mancilla Lizeth Tatiana
Published: February 2023

Contextualización: Nariño es el principal departamento productor de arveja en Colombia, donde predomina los subsistemas de agricultura familiar, asociados a actividades agropecuarias conjuntas como el cultivo de papa, ganadería y especies menores.

 Vacío de conocimiento: No obstante, a pesar de su importancia, la evidencia de estudios integrales que analicen el comportamiento de oferta, demanda y precios es escasa, limitando el diseño de políticas de desarrollo sostenible que consideren los diferentes contextos socioeconómicos.

Metodología: Partiendo de ello, se realizó una investigación documental y análisis estadístico que permita generar aportes explicativos de tipo inductivo. En el caso de la oferta y demanda en principales plazas de mercado, se hizo análisis de tendencia central, dispersión y redes, finalmente, con las series de precios reales se construyó un modelo ARIMA (1,0,1).

 Resultados y conclusión: Los resultados revelaron una concentración del 91% de la producción en regiones como Nariño, Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Antioquía, Huila y N. Santander. Por su parte, la producción de Nariño abastece principalmente las plazas de “Corabastos” y plaza Ipiales “Somos Todos”, con un promedio total de 48.679 t, en el caso del precio real durante el 2009 a 2021 ha presentado una tasa de crecimiento del 2,53%, no obstante, las proyecciones para el primer semestre de 2022 indican decrecimiento de 3,89%. En ese sentido, este tipo de estudios son cruciales en la definición de políticas de desarrollo rural y toma de decisiones asertivas, que permitan dinamizar los mercados, asegurando la participación equitativa de toda la región.
Prevalencia de hongos filamentosos en granos de café cultivado en norte de Santander, Colombia
Authors: Salazar Téllez Criss Fernando , Morales Acevedo Walter Aldair , Rojas Contreras Liliana , Cajiao Pedraza Angela M.
Published: February 2023

Contextualización: El café ha sido por más de un siglo el principal producto de la economía nacional, y por tanto el que mayor incidencia ha tenido en el desarrollo socioeconómico Colombia, es por ello, de gran relevancia, realizar seguimiento de los factores bióticos y abióticos que inciden en la producción del café, especialmente en el departamento Norte de Santander. La zona cafetera del departamento está comprendida entre los 6º56’42” y 09º18’01” de latitud norte y los 72º01’13” y 73º38’25” de longitud oeste.

Vacío de conocimiento: Escasos estudios relacionados con los contaminantes fúngicos en la región, limita dilucidar sobre las variables y factores que contribuyen a la proliferación de los mismos, lo que puede afectar la calidad del café y el riesgo de incidencia de micotoxinas.

Propósito: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de los hongos aislados en la etapa de beneficio del café (Coffea arabica L.) tipo cereza producido en los diferentes municipios del departamento Norte de Santander.

 Metodología: Se realizaron muestreos en ocho municipios cafeteros del departamento Norte de Santander. A nivel microbiológico se determinaron las características fenotípicas con ayuda de claves taxonómicas. A nivel genotípico se utilizaron los iniciadores ITS4 e ITS5 del DNA ribosomal fúngico para realizar una búsqueda mediante la herramienta BLAST en base de datos curadas y determinar la especie. Se determinaron variables fisicoquímicas (pH, Aw y % humedad).

 Resultados y conclusiones: A partir del café tipo cereza cultivado en los municipios cafeteros de Norte de Santander, se aislaron 60 cepas axénicas de mohos filamentosos. De acuerdo con la caracterización fenotípica, los hongos predominantes en los granos de café fueron: Fusarium spp. (35%), Penicillium spp. (25%), Geotrichum spp. (22%) y Aspergillus spp. (15%). La identificación molecular confirmó la presencia de los géneros Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., y Geotrichum spp. Las variables fisicoquímicas condicionan el crecimiento y proliferación de los hongos en los granos de café. Se determinó que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas y similitudes entre los municipios muestreados, estableciendo de esta manera dos grandes grupos correlacionados entre sí, de acuerdo con las variables fisicoquímicas monitoreadas.
Oferta hídrica superficial del humedal el Gallinazo, ubicado en Aguachica-Colombia
Authors: Saldaña-Escorcia Rossember , Otalvarez Herrera Rosana , Herrera Galviz Juan David
Published: February 2023

Contextualización: Hoy en día los humedales se encuentran en deterioro a causa principalmente de las actividades antrópicas que provocan procesos de sustitución y degradación por el cambio en los usos de los suelos causando conflicto de uso así como consecuencias en el suministro de los recursos. En especial, el recurso hídrico el cual presenta diversas alteraciones lo que limita los servicios ecosistémicos que los humedales prestan.

Vacío de conocimiento: Información inexistente sobre la disponibilidad del recurso hídrico en la zona del humedal que sirve de base para la gobernanza del agua eficaz, eficiente e incluyente en la zona, permitiendo contribuir en la formulación de políticas públicas en la gestión integral del recurso hídrico maximizando así el bienestar social y económico en el municipio, y se hace necesario la determinación de esta con el fin de conservar los ecosistemas periurbanos de importancia regional.

Propósito: Este trabajo se estimó la oferta hídrica superficial neta disponible mediante el método lluvia-escorrentía, en el humedal El Gallinazo, Aguachica (Cesar – Colombia) como aporte a la gestión integral del recurso.

Metodología: Se basó en el establecimiento de la cobertura vegetal por medio del sistema Corine Land Cover adaptado para Colombia, el grupo hidrológico mediante la textura del suelo y con esto se determinó a través de tablas el número de curvas. La investigación incluyó el cálculo de la precipitación media anual empleando el método de interpolación de Kriging con ayuda del software ArcGIS y datos meteorológicos extraídos de estaciones del IDEAM, para luego determinar la precipitación efectiva de la zona. Además, se utilizó el método lluvia-escorrentía en función al número de curvas (SCS-CN) y la resolución 865 de 2004 para establecer la oferta hídrica neta disponible del humedal El Gallinazo.

Resultados y conclusiones: La zona posee dos tipos de coberturas vegetales, tres grupos hidrológicos de suelo y un CN promedio de 59,29 demostrando un potencial de escorrentía moderadamente alto y una capacidad de infiltración moderada; la oferta hídrica anual disponible fue de 42573,6 m3. El comportamiento de la disponibilidad del agua depende de las actividades antrópica dentro y fuera del humedal así como del régimen de precipitación.
Discrete and solitons-like modes as nonlinear dynamics in microtubules based on an improved longitudinal u -model
Authors: Tchouobiap S. E. Mkam , Issokolo R. J. Noumana , Nzoupe F. Naha
Published: February 2023

In the present work, we focus on the longitudinal model of microtubules
(MTs) proposed by Satar i c~̵́ et al. [Phy. Rev. E 48, 89
(1993)], that consider cell MTs to have ferroelectric properties,
i.e., a displacive ferro-distortive system of dimers and usually
referred to as u-model of MTs. It has been shown that during the
hydrolysis of GTP into GDP, the energy released is transferred along the
MTs trough kink-like solitons. Substantially, we propose to
theoretically investigate the dynamic of MTs by intrinsically taking
into account the effect of the oriented molecules of polarized
cytoplasmic water and enzymes surrounding the MT. In this regards, we
introduce a cubic nonlinear term in the electric potential
characterizing the polyelectrolyte features of MTs and show that in
addition to the kink and antikink solitons, asymmetrical bright and dark
solitons, and discrete modes can also propagate along the MTs. Theses
results are supported by numerical analysis. The investigation shows us
that the nonlinear dynamics of MTs is strongly impacted by the intrinsic
electric field, the polyelectrolyte and the viscosity effects. Moreover,
new solitons and discrete solitary modes may help to find new phenomena
occurring in the microtubulin systems.
Hematological parameters to predict post-COVID-19 immune response, and the development of reaching herd immunity. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Khan Qaisar Ali , Atta Tahira , Tango Tamara , Mumtaz Arif , Saravanan Priyadharshini , Vallabhaneni Sree Harshitha , Shinwari Ismail Khan , Vattikuti Bhavana , Farkouh Christopher , Jan Rukhsar , Farkouh Matthew , Abdi Parsa , Santiago Natalia
Published: February 2023

Background: Here we conducted this study to find the changes in
the hematological parameters of healthy individuals that can predict
their immune status, also this study aims to find out whether herd
immunity against COVID-19 is developing or not in the Pakistani
population. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study of 210
healthy individuals was conducted. All individuals were divided into
three groups i.e IgG positive, IgG negative, and IgG and IgM both
positive based on ELISA results. Data analysis was done by SPSS version
25 for windows. Results: A statistically significant effect was
found among the three groups in terms of mean hemoglobin level, mean
hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean red blood
cells count, RDW-CV, mean lymphocyte, mean neutrophil, mean eosinophils,
and mean basophil. The study also showed that 52.8% (n=74) had neither
taken vaccination nor had any history of previous covid infection but
still their antibodies were positive. Conclusion: There was a
statistically significant difference among hematological parameters
between immune and nonimmune groups and can predict the covid immune
status also the study predicted that herd immunity against COVID-19 is
developing in Pakistan.
Loss Of Humeral Immunity In Childhood Cancer Survivors Not Having Undergone Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.
Authors: Baca Nicole , Pearson Benjamin , Pulley Michelle , Diniz Marcio , Majlessipour Fataneh
Published: February 2023

There is limited and conflicting data regarding loss of immunity in
childhood cancer survivors who did not undergo hematopoietic stem cell
transplantation. This retrospective study included 28 childhood cancer
survivors whose treatment consisted of at least 3 months of
chemotherapy. Decreased seropositivity for measles, mumps, rubella,
varicella, tetanus, and hepatitis B was found in patients across all
categories of malignancy compared to the general population. Results
were more pronounced for those with hematological malignancies. This
study indicates that pediatric cancer survivors, especially those with
hematological malignancies, may have greater loss of protective
antibodies from primary vaccinations.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy treatment with lentiviral vector containing mini-dystrophin gene in vivo
Authors: He Zhiyao , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhu Yanghui , Liu Taiqing , Zhou Lingyan , Fu Yunhai , Zhao Jinhua , Li Yinqi , Zheng Yeteng , Yang Xiaodong , Di Xiangjie , Yang Yang
Published: February 2023

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an incurable X linked recessive genetic
disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Many researchers
aimed at restoring truncated dystrophin via viral vectors. But the low
package capacity and short duration of vectors hampered their clinical
application. For these reasons, we constructed four lentiviral vectors,
which contained truncated and sequence-optimized dystrophin genes driven
by muscle specific promoter. The four lentiviral vectors stably
expressed mini-dystrophin in C2C12 muscle cells in vitro. To
estimate the treatment effect in vivo, we transferred the
lentiviral vectors into neonatal C57BL/10ScSn-
Dmd mice through the local injection. The
level of modified dystrophin expression increased, while the
distribution of that also restored in treated mice. At the same time
they showed the restoration of pull force and the decrease in the number
of mononuclear cells. The remissions lasted three to six months in
vivo. Moreover, no integration sites of vectors distributed into the
oncogenes. In summary, this study has preliminarily demonstrated the
feasibility and safety of mini-dystrophin gene carried by lentiviral
vector for DMD gene therapy, and provided new strategy to restore
truncated dystrophin.
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTHCARE STRENGTHENING: THE NIGERIAN CASE.
Authors: Wazhi Godsave Binlak , Danladi Nengak Precious , Terver Sesugh , Ebuka Ukaobasi Stephen
Published: February 2023

Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger digital system that
records all transactions on a network of interconnected systems in a way
that is impossible to edit or hack. Thoughts of cryptocurrency pop into
mind when blockchain is mentioned, but blockchain holds vast
possibilities in other facets such as big data analytics, research, the
Internet of things, healthcare etc. Blockchain technology has many
practical applications in the healthcare sector, including precision
medicine and interoperability, supply chain management, exchange of
health information, security and authorisation, all of which are pivotal
for effective health systems and quality health services. Inadequate
infrastructure, lack of funding, computer literacy, and poor government
policies have been the significant hindrances. The challenge of
establishing blockchain technology must be addressed. Exploring its
architecture in the Estonian healthcare-based system, the possibility of
its deployment in the Nigerian health sector is feasible with the right
approach and government policies. By discussing the potential benefits
of blockchain in the health sector, the obstacles that impede the
adoption of this technology and the recommendations to overcome them,
this perspective piece aims to create awareness and close the wide gap
between this idea and its implementation in our healthcare system. This
will improve patient outcomes and strengthen our healthcare planning and
management system.
Colonic Perforation secondary to gallstone impaction in the sigmoid colon.
Authors: Gavriilidis Pascal , Paily Abhilash
Published: February 2023

Gallstone ileus is a rare entity which develops in only 0.3 to 0.5% of
patients with cholelithiasis.Gallstone sigmoid ileus consists only 4%
of all gallstone ileus patients.This incidence rate can be interpreted
that 12-15 patients per 100,000 of all patients with gallstone ileus may
diagnosed with sigmoid gallstone ileus .
Impact of COVID-19 variants in the pregnant South Auckland population: a case control study with COVID-free controls
Authors: Soh May Ching , Brighton Aimee , Wadsworth Sarah , Ellis Emma
Published: February 2023

Objective Little has been published about maternity outcomes from
New Zealand’s unique handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives were
to determine obstetric outcomes between the variants, identify risk
factors, and whether the changes to healthcare delivery affected
pregnancy outcomes. Design This was a case control study
comparing singleton pregnancies affected by the Delta and Omicron
strains of COVID-19. The COVID 19-free controls were from 2019.
Setting & Population The largest tertiary maternity unit in New
Zealand providing taxpayer funded healthcare to a multi-ethnic, high
deprivation index population with complex health needs. Methods
Data were extracted from electronic record systems and further verified
by reviewing patient’s notes. The risk of an event was modelled with
logistic regression. The multivariate analyses adjusted for known
clinical risk factors and other significant differences between the
groups. Main Outcome Measures Outcomes of interest included
admission for COVID-19, adverse pregnancy outcomes, including
placentally-mediated ones. Results In the study population of
> 8,000 pregnancies, Delta variant was associated with
significantly worse maternal and obstetric outcomes. Fetal anomalies and
most placentally-mediated adverse outcomes of pregnancy in the COVID-19
affected cohort did not persist once adjusted for underlying maternal
risk factors, except for a 4-fold increased risk of stillbirth.
Vaccination was protective against admissions and severe disease (OR
0.19;95%CI 0.11-0.32). Conclusions While the Delta variant has
been associated with poorer outcomes, modifications to the delivery of
maternity care during the pandemic could have unintended consequences on
how patients utilised healthcare; this may have contributed to poorer
outcomes.
Hologenomic insights into the biology of invasive and endangered fishes in Mediterranean wetlands
Authors: Nyholm Lasse , Odriozola Iñaki , Petersen Bent , Tan Shangjin , Jiang Wei , Arrieta Ostaizka Aizpurua , Alberdi Antton
Published: February 2023

Freshwater habitats are under increasing pressure from numerous
anthropogenic forces, including the introduction of alien species
capable of altering ecosystems and threatening native species. Although
alien species themself are likely to experience loss of genetic
diversity when colonising novel environments, some manage to become
invasive, suggesting that other factors might facilitate their adaptive
capacity. Using a hologenomic approach, we elucidate population genomic
trends, the gut microbiota composition and genome-environment-microbiota
interaction in the endemic and endangered Spanish toothcarp (Aphanius
iberus) and the highly invasive Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia
holbrooki). We found clear genetic signatures of captive breeding in the
populations of A. iberus, while G. holbrooki are characterised by an
overall low level of heterozygosity and likely signs of multiple
introductions. Gut microbial communities of the two species differed
significantly across locations, but no sign of increased microbial
plasticity was detected in G. holbrooki. However, we report that the
genetic profile of each fish was able to explain a considerable part of
the microbiota variation measured across individuals. Using shotgun
metagenomics, we observed an overall high functional capacity of the
microbiota in both species, but we identified no significant differences
in the functional capacity between them. The role of the gut microbiota
in invasive species and conservation warrant further research using
direct comparisons or controlled mesocosm setups, but based on the
results of the current study, the gut microbiota of invasive species
Education for children in the formation context of Russian culture
Authors: Chistyakova Ekaterina Yu. , Nifontova Olga I. , Loginova Natalia V.
Published: February 2023

The article discusses some details of education for children in Russia in the 18th century. The author examines pedagogical principles of A.T. Bolotov and N.I. Novikov. The worldview goal of writing "Children's Education" as the first book for children in Russia. Clarified practical educational purposes such as «understanding faith» for personal happiness. The biographical contexts of Bolotov, which motivated him to write a book in the genre of moralizing dialogue, are characterized. The goals of creating the first children's magazine "Children's reading" are determined. The practical importance of the journal in the teaching and education of Russian youth is noted. The author makes an attempt to reconstruct the main didactic line of the journal. The research materials make it possible to characterize the influence of “Children's Education” and “Children's Reading” on the formation of intellectual culture in the 19th century.
Female image in glossy magazines for men in Russia and abroad
Authors: Beloedova Anna V. , Novinkina Ekaterina A. , Richter Margarita S.
Published: February 2023

The article deals with a comparative and educational analysis of the specifics of the presentation and functioning of a female image in advertising for men's glossy magazines MAXIM and Esquire in the USA, Russia and Sweden. As a result of typological analysis, it was revealed that MAXIM is a narrowly targeted publication of an erotic nature, Esquire is a publication of general interest. At the same time, magazines of the same brand in different countries are similar in audience orientation, purpose, main headings, frequency, only the circulation volume differs significantly. The results of the content analysis and the comparative method indicated that the American and Russian MAXIM often sexually objectifies a woman, presents her image in advertising through the prism of gender stereotypes. Esquire magazine in the USA, Russia and Sweden exploits female images much less often, trying to build an image of collegial relationships between the sexes.
Digital educational and educational services in a consumer society
Authors: Vladimirovich Volkov Daniil , Sergeevna Ponyashova Anastasia , Ilinichna Tarasova Mariya , Aleksandrovna Vishnyakova Viktoriya , Anatolevna Vasileva Lidiya
Published: February 2023

The digital educational process is designed to facilitate communication in society associated with the growth of knowledge. In the context of a pandemic, the processes have transformed, but, despite this, the attitude towards technology has not changed. The present article attempts to analyze the digital educational and educational services in a consumer society. Moreover, the article also examines various proposals of Russian universities regarding the digital educational environment and the assessment of users of educational services. To meet that aim, the methods and measures of active observation, alternatives, active-learning, problem-analysis method, method of annotation, and selective observation are utilized. Based on the results, the human mind requires development constantly - this phenomenon forms the demand for education. Educational services, in this case, are exclusive because being locked up in their apartment, a person finds a way out in the information environment.
Volunteers' resilience and motivation
Authors: Nalichaeva Sofia A. , Tkachenko Anastasia A. , Borisenko Zinaida V. , Terentyev Bogdan I. , Lukina Ekaterina M.
Published: February 2023

The relevance of the problem under study is justified by the fact that in the modern world, it is increasingly necessary to ensure maintaining the stability of human life and activity in the circumstances contributing to its destabilization, in the context of a pandemic, the issue of the resilience of volunteers and the motivation of volunteer activities is exceptionally significant. The article aims to describe the results of resilience components' analysis and their correlation with the volunteers' motivation. The top methods in this study are the questionnaire "Adults' resilience", the questionnaire of causal orientations, the author's method of assessing the motivation of volunteer activity. As a result of the study, it was found that if the resilience of volunteers is at a high level, the predominance of self-efficacy indicates that they can mobilize their motivation, cognitive resources, and actions to influence events. During the pandemic, volunteers have been successfully applying mechanisms for organizing situation management, assessment of the effectiveness and results of their efforts, focusing on the meaning of active problem solving, turning to social support, the ability to transform the situation, achieving socially meaningful goals, and effective interaction with the ambient. The main motives of volunteers are a sense of service, compassion, and empathy; many volunteers note the importance of positive emotions, professional experience, and communication. The analysis of correlations between the indicators of resilience and motivation of volunteer activity showed the presence of significant positive correlations; the higher the motivation and interest in volunteer activities, the more developed such components of resilience as coping and adaptation, perseverance, family and social relationships and resilience as volunteers have. The materials of the article can be helpful in psychological support of individual groups of the population and improve psychological literacy, development of resilience in various groups of the population, volunteers, teachers, and psychologists to improve the adaptability and resilience of people who need help. The results can be used in the educational process to train future psychologists and other professionals to increase the motivation for helping activities in students.
Evaluation of the impacted maxillary canines position, determination of the possible indicators of the impaction difficulty and the risk factors for adjacent teeth root resorption
Authors: Pajevic Tina , Vasovic Dina , Juloski Jovana , Vucic Ljiljana , Glisic Branislav
Published: February 2023

Background/Aim. An impacted tooth is a tooth that could not erupt and take its place in the dental row. Impacted maxillary canines are a very frequent problem in orthodontic practices. They are the second most impacted teeth, right after the third molars. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the two-dimensional and three-dimensional position of the impacted maxillary canines and make a descriptive study analysis of possible indicators of the impaction difficulty and risk factors for adjacent tooth root resorption. Methods. In this study, 94 subjects with 116 diagnosed maxillary canine impaction were included. The two-dimensional position of the impacted canines (IC) was evaluated on the panoramic projection of the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Canine position (CP) to the X, Y, and Z-axis was measured and scored using the novel classification system that incorporates three-dimensional information of CBCT imaging ? the KPG index. Based on the KPG index value, impaction was defined as easy, moderate, difficult, and extremely difficult. In order to determine indicators of impaction difficulty and risk factors of root resorption of adjacent teeth, qualitative variables (gender, side of impaction, etc.) and quantitative variables [age, canine distance to the occlusal plane (OccP), etc.] were tested with multiple logistic regression. Results. The mean age of the sub-jects was 19.8 ? 5.2 years. The impactions were twice as prevalent in females compared to males. Most (71.4%) impactions were unilateral in palatal position of the canines. Adjacent root resorption was present in 27.3% of cases of impaction, and the central incisor was mostly affected. More than half of the impactions were of moderate level. In univariable analysis, canine distance to sagittal medial line (SML), angle between canine and SML, OccP, and first premolar, respectively, were significant in impaction difficulty prediction. Multivariable analysis showed that angle between canine and the first premolar could be a risk factor for adjacent root resorption. Conclusion. Most impacted maxillary canines were in the palatal position, with a KPG index value of moderate difficulty. Besides the position to the OccP and SML, angle between canine and the first premolar should be estimated, as a part of diagnostic procedures, to evaluate the risk of adjacent root resorption, prevent resorption, and decide on the treatment plan.
Dietary Nitrate and Corresponding Gut Microbiota Prevent Cardiac Dysfunction in Obese Mice
Authors: Petrick Heather L. , Ogilvie Leslie M. , Brunetta Henver S. , Robinson Avery , Kirsh Aleah J. , Barbeau Pierre-Andre , Handy Rachel M. , Coyle-Asbil Bridget , Gianetto-Hill Connor , Dennis Kaitlyn M.J.H. , van Loon Luc J.C. , Chabowski Adrian , Schertzer Jonathan D. , Allen-Vercoe Emma , Simpson Jeremy A. , Holloway Graham P.
Published: February 2023

Impaired heart function can develop in individuals with diabetes in the absence of coronary artery disease or hypertension, suggesting mechanisms beyond hypertension/increased afterload contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Identifying therapeutic approaches that improve glycemia and prevent cardiovascular disease are clearly required for clinical management of diabetes-related comorbidities. Since intestinal bacteria are important for metabolism of nitrate, we examined whether dietary nitrate and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) from nitrate-fed mice could prevent high-fat diet (HFD)–induced cardiac abnormalities. Male C57Bl/6N mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD), HFD, or HFD+Nitrate (4 mmol/L sodium nitrate) for 8 weeks. HFD-fed mice presented with pathological left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy, reduced stroke volume, and increased end-diastolic pressure, in association with increased myocardial fibrosis, glucose intolerance, adipose inflammation, serum lipids, LV mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and gut dysbiosis. In contrast, dietary nitrate attenuated these detriments. In HFD-fed mice, FMT from HFD+Nitrate donors did not influence serum nitrate, blood pressure, adipose inflammation, or myocardial fibrosis. However, microbiota from HFD+Nitrate mice decreased serum lipids, LV ROS, and similar to FMT from LFD donors, prevented glucose intolerance and cardiac morphology changes. Therefore, the cardioprotective effects of nitrate are not dependent on reducing blood pressure, but rather mitigating gut dysbiosis, highlighting a nitrate-gut-heart axis.

Article Highlights

Identifying therapeutic approaches that prevent cardiometabolic diseases are clearly important, and nitrate represents one such potential compound given its multifactorial metabolic effects. We aimed to determine whether nitrate could prevent high-fat diet (HFD)–induced cardiac abnormalities and whether this was dependent on the gut microbiome. Dietary nitrate attenuated HFD-induced pathological changes in cardiac remodelling, left ventricle reactive oxygen species, adipose inflammation, lipid homeostasis, glucose intolerance, and gut dysbiosis. Fecal microbial transplantation from nitrate-fed mice also prevented serum dyslipidemia, left ventricle reactive oxygen species, glucose intolerance, and cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, the cardioprotective effects of nitrate are related to mitigating gut dysbiosis, highlighting a nitrate-gut-heart axis.
Metrnl Alleviates Lipid Accumulation by Modulating Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Zhou Yuxia , Liu Lu , Jin Bangming , Wu Yixuan , Xu Lifen , Chang Xuebing , Hu Laying , Wang Guifang , Huang Yali , Song Lingyu , Zhang Tian , Wang Yuanyuan , Xiao Ying , Zhang Fan , Shi Mingjun , Liu Lingling , Wang Tuanlao , Yan Rui , Guo Bing
Published: February 2023

Ectopic lipid accumulation in renal tubules is closely related to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to play a key role in lipid accumulation. Therefore, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis holds considerable promise as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DKD. Here, we report that the Meteorin-like (Metrnl) gene product mediates lipid accumulation in the kidney and has therapeutic potential for DKD. We confirmed the reduced expression of Metrnl in renal tubules, which was inversely correlated with DKD pathological changes in human patients and mouse models. Functionally, pharmacological administration of recombinant Metrnl (rMetrnl) or Metrnl overexpression could alleviate lipid accumulation and inhibit kidney failure. In vitro, rMetrnl or Metrnl overexpression attenuated palmitic acid–induced mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid accumulation in renal tubules accompanied by maintained mitochondrial homeostasis and enhanced lipid consumption. Conversely, shRNA-mediated Metrnl knockdown diminished the protective effect on the kidney. Mechanistically, these beneficial effects of Metrnl were mediated by the Sirt3-AMPK signaling axis to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and through Sirt3-uncoupling protein-1 to promote thermogenesis, consequently alleviating lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that Metrnl regulated lipid metabolism in the kidney by modulating mitochondrial function and is a stress-responsive regulator of kidney pathophysiology, which sheds light on novel strategies for treating DKD and associated kidney diseases.

Article Highlights

Metrnl is expressed in renal tubules and is reduced under diabetic conditions. The concentration of Metrnl in the kidney is correlated with lipid accumulation and serum creatinine. Metrnl-specific overexpression in the kidney or recombinant Metrnl administration alleviates renal injuries in diabetic mice. Metrnl regulates renal tubules lipid metabolism through Sirt3-AMPK/UCP1 signaling axis–mediated mitochondrial homeostasis.
Cell transplantation for COVID-19 treatment: transmission of stem stomal (mesenchimal) cells
Authors: Deev R. V
Published: February 2023

The review presents the modern concept of the pathogenesis of diffuse alveolar damage, including acute respiratory distress sYndrome in coronavirus infection. It has been established that the so-called "cytokine storm”, which consists in the increased release of substances that are biologically active against the vascular wall and effector cells, leading to the progressive damage to endotheliocytes and alveolocytes, the development of alveolar and interstitial pulmonary edema with fatal respiratory failure and coagulopathy. An important factor in interstitial aggression is the appearance of autoreactive clones of plasma cells, dissemination of virusinfected leucocytes throughout the body with the involvement of various organs and systems, which exacerbates multiple organ failure. A poor prognosis for patients, the likelihood of developing pulmonary fibrosis after infection, according to several researchers, can be corrected by cell therapy. Allogeneic multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (mesenchymal stem cells) are considered as first-line therapeutic cells. The accumulated experience of preclinical experiments made it possible to urgently proceed to conduct clinical trials of the safety of their use in patients with ARDS and to search for optimal indications to obtain maximum benefits for patients after transplantation. The combined efforts of many research groups can lead to reliable information on the cell therapy benefit and the need to include it in the standards of treatment of patients with this extremely severe pathology.
Epicardium as a new target for regenerative technologies in cardiology
Authors: Dergilev K. V , Komova A. V , Tsokolaeva Z. I , Beloglazova I. B , Parfyonova Ye. V
Published: February 2023

Epicardium is actively involved in the embryonic heart development and its repair after injury, which allows it to be considered as a potential target for the treatment of heart diseases. In this regard, the study of the mechanisms of its development, the components of the microenvironment, as well as the signals regulating the behavior of epicardial progenitor cells, is the most important area of modern cardiology. This review considers the results of recent studies of homeostasis of epicardial cells and technological advances to modulate their activity, which is essential for the development of new therapeutic agents.
Investigation of genetic factors leading to cardiovascular diseases in persons with risk of sudden cardiac death
Authors: Kachnov V. A , Koliubaeva S. N , Tyrenko V. V , Nagibovich O. A , Chirsky V. S , Protasov O. V , Myakoshina L. A , Buntovskaya A. S , Trandina A. E , Koreshova E. I , Eliseeva M. I , Brazhnikova O. G , Sveklina T. S
Published: February 2023

About 85% of all sudden death are of cardiological origin. Predisposition to sudden cardiac death is known for the young and adult patients with a hereditary heart disease that can cause sudden cardiac arrest. The purpose of the work was to study the genetic predisposition for cardiovascular diseases in people with a risk of sudden cardiac death. We examined patients aged 19,7±2,1 years with a risk of sudden cardiac death based on specific complaints and medical history, and considering the known markers of the life-threatening arrhythmias. Of the 1000 patients, 167 with a risk of sudden cardiac death were selected according to the questionnaire. In 80 randomly selected patients from this group, gene polymorphisms associated with the development of thrombophilia and hypertension were studied by real time PCR, and in 59 patients the polymorphisms of genes associated with impaired carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were studied. A number of differences were revealed according to the standard 12-channel electrocardiography in comparison with practically healthy individuals. In the study of genetic factors predisposing the development of thrombophilia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, lipid metabolism disorders, a high percentage of hetero- and homozygous individuals was revealed by the risk allele of the PAI-1 (83.3%), ITGA2 (69.2%), AGT genes (72.5%), NOS3 (58.8%), PON1 (56%), LEPR (64.3%). The data obtained indicate a significant role of genetic factors in the development of sudden cardiac death, and the synergistic effect of genes, as a result of which the presence of a risk allele in one gene can enhance the expression of another gene.
Neuroglia in rat spinal cord contusion injury with cell-mediated delivery of a combination of VEGF165, GDNF, and NCAM1 genes in combination with epidural electrical stimulation
Authors: Fadeev F. O , Bashirov F. V , Izmajlov AA. A , Sokolov M. E , Markosyan V. A , Garifulin R. R , Davleeva M. A , Pahalina I. A , Minyazeva I. S , Shevchenko R. V , CHelyshev YU. A , Islamov R. R
Published: February 2023

Neural networks disturbed due to spinal cord injury are capable to restore that is largely determined by post-traumatic remodeling. It is known that information exchange between neurons is carried out by electrical impulse, which ensures the transmission of excitation in synapses, that is realized through neurotrophic factors according to the concept of neurotrophic interactions. Objective: to study the effect of a combination of epidural electrostimulation above and below the site of neurotrauma during training on the treadmill and intrathecal administration of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells, which simultaneously delivered three therapeutic genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165), glial neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1), to post-traumatic reorganization of neuroglia cells in a model of dosed concussion injury of rat spinal cord at the Th8-Th9 level. 30 days after the simulation of neurotrauma by the immunofluorescence method, a change in the number of macro- and microglia cells in the segment caudal from the damage epicenter was revealed. Electrostimulation did not affect the number of GFAP+-cells in the gray matter, but the combined effect of gene and electrotherapy restrained the increase in their number. Differences were found in the reactions of astrocytes in white and gray matter in response to electrical stimulation. In the zones of gray matter, the supporting effect of the combination of gene and electrotherapy on the number of Olig2+-cells was most clearly manifested. In this group of animals, the inhibition of the increase in the number of Iba1+-microglia cells in the gray matter can also be interpreted as a positive factor contributing to neuroregeneration.
Clinical Evaluation of the efficiency of allogeneic cord blood transfusion in patients with autism
Authors: Tyumina O. V , Volchkov S. E , Ovchinnikov P. A , Trusova L. M , Bugakov A. I , Romanova S. A , Bumagina L. V , Galahova O. O
Published: February 2023

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is found in 1 case per 160 children and increases annually. The etiology of ASD has not yet been identified, and therefore no effective treatment is available. The therapy is focused on rehabilitation, psychological and pedagogical methods that increase patients' socialization. According to the latest findings, immune response disorders and ischemic brain damage are detected in ASD pathogenesis. In regard to this, a clinical study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of transfusion of allogeneic cord blood cells, as they participate in the regulation of the immune response and stimulation of neo-angiogenesis. A total of 20 children participated in the study (10 in control and 10 with the study group). Cell transfusion was performed three times with an interval of 1 month in the amount of 8-10х 107/per kg of patient weight. Efficiency and safety were assessed by the general condition of children, assessment of disease severity by ATEC scale, cytokine levels in plasma (IL1b, IL6, TNF-alpha, IL8, y-IFN) and immune status (CD3+; CD3+CD8+; CD3+CD4+; CD16+CD56+ and CD19+) before and after treatment, observation period - 12 months The study proved the safety of the method, the reduction of the disease severity by ATEC. No significant changes in cytokine profile and immune status were detected.
Bone regeneration in the sockets of extracted teeth using an autologous dentin matrix
Authors: Redko N. A , Drobyshev A. Yu , Deev R. V
Published: February 2023

Dental implantation in the area of previously lost teeth is a modern way to rehabilitate edentulous patients. The search for osteoplastic materials and methods of preimplantation osteoplasty remains topical. One of these materials is an autogenous dentin matrix (ADM), which is based on a crushed extracted tooth. ADM production and application technologies are different and insufficiently tested. Nevertheless, the application of this technique may open up new clinical possibilities. The study on the use of ADM involved 20 patients from 18 to 65 years old. The patients underwent complex surgical and orthopedic treatment to restore chewing function. At the first stage, the extraction of teeth was performed with the simultaneous preservation of the socket of the extracted tooth ADM. The second stage was carried out 3-4 months later, which included the collection of bone biopsy specimen and subsequent dental implantation in the area of the previously extracted tooth. 42 specimens obtained 12-17 weeks after removal were subjected to histological examination. According to its structure, the bone tissue formed in the hole is reticulofibrous bone. Which allows us to conclude that by the time of 15-17 weeks, the processes of active reparative bone formation in the hole are completed, and the necessary local conditions for dental implantation have been created.
Professor Andrey Pavlovich Dyban in memoirs of the members off the staff of the department of embryology of the University of Warsaw
Authors: Tarkowski A. K , Dyban P. A
Published: February 2023

The article provides information about the life and creative path of academician A.K. Tarkowski (Poland) and professor A.P. Dyban (USSR-Russia). The memories of academician A.K. Tarkowski about his friendly relations with professor A.P. Dyban are very valuable for understanding the era, when it was necessary to overcome significant difficulties and barriers that hindered scientific communication between scientists from different countries. The memories characterize not only professor A.P. Dyban, but also are of considerable interest for understanding the uniqueness of the personality academician A.K. Tarkowski: his benevolence, observation skills, intelligence, his subtle humor.
Immunotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Abakushina E. V
Published: February 2023

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a life-threatening disease COVID-19 provoked a pandemic over the world. The effectual host immune response including innate and adaptive immunity against SARS-Cov-2 seems crucial to control and resolve the viral infection. However, the severity and outcome of the COVID-19 might be associated with the excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines "cytokine storm” leading to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Regretfully, the exact immunophysiology and treatment, especially for the severe COVID-19, is still uncertain. Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to eliminate the viral reservoir in the host. In this review, we described several potential strategies for immunotherapy to cure SARS-CoV-2 infection. This may provide clue of using immune therapy as combine treatment to prevent the patient develop into severe respiratory syndrome and largely reduced complications.
Serum cytokine profile indicators after subcutaneous implantation of the decellularized esophagus matrix in rats
Authors: Melkonyan K. I , Nakokhov R. Z , Rusinova T. V , Kozmai Y. A , Bykov I. M , Redko A. N , Alekseenko S. N
Published: February 2023

Study of postimplantation immune response to decellularized matrices has great importance for assessing biocompatibility of tissue-engineered structures based on them, since inflammatory process and excessive production of inflammatory mediators lead to complications and implant rejection. The aim of this research: serum cytokine profile studying after subcutaneous implantation of decellularized esophagus matrix in rats. Experimental data were obtained on male Wistar rats aged 5-6 months (n=55). Rats were divided into 4 groups: two control groups, experimental and comparison group. Control group 1 consisted of conditionally healthy rats (n=10), control group 2 - shame-operated animals (incision in scapula without implantation, n=15). In experimental group (n=15), rats underwent subcutaneous implantation of decellularized esophagus fragments; in group 2 (n=15) - native esophagus fragments. Peripheral blood sampling and fragment explantation were performed on 7th, 14th and 21st experimental days. Serum samples were tested for IL1a, IL2, IL4, IL17A, TNFa, IFNy, GM-CSF content by ELISA. Explanted native esophagus and decellularized esophagus fragments were subjected to histological analysis. On 7th experimental day, significant increase in IL1 a content was observed in rats with implantation of decellularized esophagus fragments. IL17A, IFNy, GM-CSF content significantly decreased. On 14th day, IL17A concentration sharply decreased in comparison with value on 7th experimental day and control 1. IL1 a and IFNy concentration decreased in comparison with control group 1 values and 7th day respectively. On 21st day, dynamics of decrease in IL17A, IFNy, IL1 a content in this rat group was revealed. Thus, it was found change in concentrations of studied cytokines corresponds to regeneration histomorphological picture in group that underwent implantation of acellular matrices against of active inflammatory reaction in comparison group. Concentrations of IL1 a, IL4, IL17A, IFNy reflect positive dynamics of wound healing process and absence of decellularized matrix rejection.
Effects of inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3p on neuromuscular synaptic transmission in transgenic mice with model of alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mukhamedyarov M. A , Grigoryev P. N , Ushanova E. A , Zefirov A. L
Published: February 2023

Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenera-tive disease. Synaptic dysfunction plays important role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Recently, glycogen synthase kinase 3 has been considered as a potential target for therapy of Alzheimer's disease, since the activity of this enzyme, which regulates many cellular and synaptic functions, is impaired in this pathology. In this paper, we studied the effects of inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3p on the parameters of the peripheral (neuromuscular) synapse functioning in the Alzheimer's disease model in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In electrophysiological experiments on the diaphragm of APP/PS1 of mice, application of the glycogen synthase kinase 3p inhibitor AR-A014418 (1 pM) did not cause significant changes in the parameters of spontaneous and evoked neurotransmitter release, as well as in the dynamics of the amplitude of the end-plate potentials during high-frequency stimulation. In fluorescent experiments using the dye FM 1-43, it was found that the application of AR-A014418 (1 pM) does not significantly change the intensity of endocytosis, but causes moderate enhancement of exocytosis of synaptic vesicles during high-frequency stimulation. Enhancement of synaptic vesicle exocytosis due to inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3p may alleviate neuromuscular synaptic dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice. The obtained results can be used in studies aimed to development of therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease.