bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dinosaurs Don’t Die: the Crystal Palace monsters in children’s literature, 1854–2001
Authors: Hales Shelley , Earle Nic
Published: September 2017

Dinosaurs Don’t Die, claimed the title of Ann Coates’ 1970 children’s book. Coates’ prose, and the charming illustrations by John Vernon Lord which accompanied it, wondered what would happen if the antediluvian monsters from the Crystal Palace came back to life. In fact, the prehistoric creatures had already refused to die: first resurrected by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins and Richard Owen in the early 1850s they had survived the 1936 fire to become Sydenham’s only remaining display. The monsters have lived on, both on a set of South East London islands, but also in many children’s books from the mid-nineteenth to the early twenty-first centuries. In this article I track how the Crystal Palace monsters fit into the evolution of more general representations of extinct creatures in children’s books and exhibitions over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The second attempt to negotiate the association agreement
Authors: Gomez Arana Arantza
Published: September 2017

From the moment the European Union and Mercosur stopped their negotiations there was not progress or a real intention to re-start the negotiations again until 2010. Officially the EU and Mercosur “continued” negotiating the Association Agreement but it is fair to say that after such a failure at the last minute in October 2004, both sides becoming cautious in their hopes for a successful agreement. Considering that the negotiations failed publicly it is understandable to expect some years of “healing” before considering a new attempt.
One more time, the right momentum was necessary to facilitate the re-launching of the negotiations. The economic environment was completely different from 2004. At this moment Europe is the one recovering from a financial crisis and from a weak Eurozone, while in Latin America this international crisis did not have that much of an effect. However in 2004 Brazil and Argentina were recovering from the economic crisis of the late 1990s early 2000s. The negotiations between the EU and other Latin American regional groups or individual countries were being successful. At the same time a third major investor and trader became an important piece of the puzzle, China. To some extent this could be seen as a better scenario for a successful agreement between both regions. The facilitator of the re-launching of the negotiations was one more time the Spanish presidency of 2010. Since then, several meetings have taken place between the EU and Mercosur, the last one in mid June in Brussels 2015.
What do they know of law who only cop shows know?
Authors: Amatrudo Anthony
Published: September 2017

This chapter shows how it is not the law, as such, but only representations of it that affect behaviour. Citizens act in terms of how they think the law is and not necessarily as it actually is. Knowledge of the law is drawn increasingly from a range of media and persons download, view and ingest this knowledge in an ad hoc and unsystematic manner. There is now an established victim’s rights discourse embedded in journalistic practice and media generated legal narratives tend to play down the rights of defendants and undermine important legal principles that safeguard the efficacy of the trial process. A diet of victim-centred news coverage over time has tended to make the general public more retributive in their thinking. The public learn about the law through the media and there is a tendency to highlight the sensational and to see the world as far more violent than is typically the case, to hold to worse police detection rates than is actually the case and to misrepresent the racial make-up of offenders. Though there is excellent coverage of crime in the media there is little consideration of legal principles and procedures and the notion that law is a technical and elaborate system of knowledge is largely absent in the portrayal of crime in both news and drama. The chapter considers the so-called CSI-effect: the notion that citizens, notably jurors, hold to absurdly high levels of proof in relation to forensic evidence and how this fetishisation of forensic evidence is having real-world affects in terms of delivering proper verdicts. This chapter critically assesses the public’s level of legal awareness in relation to crime and argue for a robust Public Criminology.
Regurgitating the media image: towards a phenomenology of the ‘visible’ in criminal justice
Authors: Draper Matthew R. , Polizzi David
Published: September 2017

This chapter discusses the problematic social construction of crime, law enforcement, and jurisprudence and highlights some of the consequences of these media portrayals for the public and students of this topic. It then sets out an ethic of phenomenological reduction of crime and the incumbent legal processes as a solution. The chapter draws upon the work of Jean-Luc Marion, Claude Romano, Werner Marx, James Mensch, and Immanuel Levinas, to describe how reducing the complex experience of crime, law enforcement, and jurisprudence opens new understanding and new potential for exploring the very complex nature of crime and the resulting legal processes. The reduction, in this case, entails an ethical argument to reduce what is given to those experiencing these processes and to us as observers. In the case of the one accused of crime, a reduction of their experience often breaks our understanding free of the “good-guy, bad-guy” portrayals in media. Likewise, a reduction of the experience and activity of law-enforcement and jurisprudence professionals highlights their professional, personal, and interpersonal complexities as they do their jobs. Finally, it proposes that this phenomenological ethic, when taken up by the media, would actually not only increase the portrayals of these processes in a more authentic manner, but increase the potential for sharing the dramatic stories of the criminal, law-enforcement, and legal professionals. This would serve to further their agenda of telling marketable and engaging stories by highlighting the incredible personal and interpersonal complexities of the people caught up in these experiences.
A comparative analysis of the criminal and civil justice systems in England and Wales
Authors: Smith Matthew R.
Published: September 2017

This Chapter explores the current criminal and civil justice systems in England and Wales and compares their accessibility to the public, their value for money and their overall viability. The international credit crisis resulted in government cuts and streamlining has produced an appetite to reduce criminal and civil litigation. In the criminal justice system, fewer cases are prosecuted whilst in the civil justice system; there is a desire to deter litigation by a number of measures. This Chapter argues that this philosophy is detrimental to both systems resulting in the reduction of genuine litigation thereby rendering the accessibility to both systems difficult and unfair. Whilst their economic viability might appear to be sound, this Chapter maintains that overall they are not economically viable and there needs to be a fundamental change in philosophy and approach.
Forward! Coding, decoding and recoding law in public art for urban regeneration
Authors: Lippens Ronnie
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the coded dimension of large public artworks (sculptures or installations in particular). Public space is dotted with such artworks, many on a monumental scale. The focus of the chapter is on the normative codes that are embedded in both the material structure and the aura of the works. When authorities decide to commission public artworks the brief to artists will often include specifications that pertain not just to the desired visual and expressive effect of the work (the artwork is then supposed to express a particular idea or content) but also to a more normative intention. The artwork is then required to tap into or mobilise an existing set of cultural, social or political codes, or indeed consolidate, propagate or even generate them. An element in the normative coding of public artworks, which this chapter deals with relates to notions of public order that the works are assumed to radiate and project. The chapter shows how the intended codes embedded in the artwork are bound to be subjected to continuous de-coding and re-coding.
Criminology and the legacies of Clarice Starling
Authors: Wilson David
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the enduring myths about the phenomenon of serial murder generally and serial killers in particular, in Britain between 1960 to the present. The Chapter argues that many of these myths have been created and continue to be perpetuated by the print and broadcast media. It is suggested that this process was ignited by American popular culture about serial murder, to the extent that many British students engaged on university courses do so because they want to emulate the heroine of the popular novel The Silence of the Lambs and become the fictional character, Clarice Starling. This observation is used to explore other myths about offender profiling, the role of the profiler in police investigations and the idea that this involves entering the mind of the serial killer by the profiler. Based on his own applied work with serial murderers and on police investigations and after their conviction, the chapter reveals the realities of the phenomenon of serial murder, serial killers and the limits of offender profiling. The chapter uses a number of situations encountered during police investigations and with serial killers to illustrate its arguments. It concludes that we need to harness, rather than dismiss, student interests in this territory in more productive ways. It adopts a structural/victim perspective about serial murder, as opposed to a relentless focus on what might motivate the serial killer to kill. The chapter suggests how this might be done both within the academy and, more broadly in public policy.
The shifting case of masochism: Leopold von Sacher-Masoch’s Venus im Pelz (1870)
Authors: Lang Birgit
Published: September 2017

This chapter investigates the agency of the sexual public, and the indirect power wielded by these readers and patients of sexology in defending the truth of sexological case writings. Through the works and the figure of Sacher-Masoch, the chapter considers how in the late nineteenth century medical case studies functioned as sites of reinterpretation by doctors, and by sexological patients and other members of an emerging sexual public. Sacher-Masoch’s literary case study, his Darwinist novella Venus im Pelz (Venus in Furs), constitutes the first fictional account of what became known as masochism. The chapter argues that masochist readers were the first to reinterpret Sacher-Masoch’s literary investigations into Darwinism as a roman-à-clef. In doing so, some of them contributed greatly to the recategorisation of Sacher-Masoch as a masochist—through patient statements and biography, both of which informed sexological discourse.
Fin-de-siècle investigations of the ‘creative genius’ in psychiatry and psychoanalysis
Authors: Lang Birgit
Published: September 2017

This chapters examines the attempts by psychiatrists and psychoanalysts to popularise their research by choosing to analyse cases—and thus the phenomenon of—creative genius. It shows how psychoanalysis and its proponents co-opted and adapted the medical case study as an extant and authoritative rhetorical form through which to forge a new mode of enquiry. The ways in which psychoanalysts such as Isidor Sadger sought to incorporate and adapt sexological pathographies into psychoanalytic thought, shaped the responses within the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society (WPV) and fuelled a debate that directly contributed to Freud’s development of psychoanalytic case writing. The decisive sophistication of this discourse can be appreciated in Sigmund Freud’s dialogic-psychoanalytic case studies, which show his keen appreciation of the bond that tied middle-class readers to revered creative artists. Yet Freud hesitated (or perhaps thought it fruitless) to challenge this reverence and left the complex quantification of results to his pupil Otto Rank.
‘Writing back’: literary satire and Oskar Panizza’s Psichopatia criminalis (1898)
Authors: Lang Birgit
Published: September 2017

Late nineteenth-century and fin-de-siècle writers first engaged with the case study genre in its psychiatric and psychoanalytic manifestations by means of satire, as recounted in Chapter 3. This chapter contrasts the interpretative powers of modern sexual publics and professional elites with the agency of the writer. It does so through enquiry into Panizza’s satirical and delusional negotiation of the boundaries between the two ‘cultures’ of art and science (pace C. P. Snow). Panizza’s first exposure to the case study genre was in the context of his training as a psychiatrist. More than a decade before Freud’s elaborations on the psychoanalytic case, Panizza made the human case study a central form in his literary oeuvre. Panizza anti-psychiatric dystopian work Psichopatia criminalis, represents the only persiflage of a medical case study compilation in European literature. Yet his engagement with the case study genre remains haunted by his own unruly psyche.
Erich Wulffen and the case of the criminal
Authors: Lang Birgit
Published: September 2017

State Prosecutor and legal reformer Erich Wulffen used the case study genre for legal and largely didactic purposes. Chapter 4 illustrates the adoption of the conventions of sexological case writing by the legal fraternity in twentieth-century Central Europe, and ways in which Wulffen brought the case study genre from the hidden world of the court to the wider public. In doing this, Wulffen carved a niche for himself as an expert in legal reform and sexology in Wilhelmine and Weimar Germany. He embraced different kinds of case modalities over the course of his professional career, targeting professional, middle-class audiences and the wider reading public during his thirty years in the role of prosecutor. The changing success of Wulffen’s publications highlights the intensifying crisis of the expert case study as a modality able to ‘speak the truth’ about modern sexuality and deviance. While Wulffen’s expert case studies about con men and other criminals were highly successful during the Wilhelmine era, the same approach and model for case writing met a more critical audience after 1918. Wulffen embraced the challenge of a new democratic environment by writing implicitly didactical popular crime novels. However, eventually his criminal subjects literally ‘wrote back’ after their sensationalised trials, using case studies in an attempt to narrate their own versions of events. The accounts of these criminals-turned-writers such as convicted paedophile Edith Cadivec. Thus the popularisation of sensationalist case studies, written, for instance, by perpetrators of crime, was an important factor in the case study genre’s loss of respectability.
Alfred Döblin’s literary cases about women and crime in Weimar Germany
Authors: Lewis Alison
Published: September 2017

This chapter investigates examples of literary case studies by Alfred Döblin, a medical doctor and a main representative of the 1920s ‘New Objectivity’ aesthetic movement in Weimar Germany. Like fellow poet Gottfried Benn, Döblin brought his professional expertise in medicine to bear on his literary projects. Whereas his contemporaries were preoccupied with questions of social justice, Döblin was particularly interested in gender relations and the nexus between sexuality and crime, and used literature as a metaphorical laboratory to explore shocking and topical themes of the day. With his realistic case studies based on trials and his own expert knowledge of psychiatry, sexology and psychoanalysis, Döblin strove to bridge the gap between highbrow literature and the new empirical life sciences, as well as between his medical practice and his love of literature. His work demonstrates both the benefits and limits of the case study genre as a vehicle for transporting new forms of knowledge. While his attempts to refashion the literary case study as a crime novel by incorporating the latest theories about the human psyche and female homosexuality were of limited success, he achieved greater success with Berlin Alexanderplatz, a modernist novel about crime and sex in the metropolis.
Introduction
Authors: McCann David , McGrattan Cillian
Published: September 2017

The introductory chapter provides a brief contextual overview of the Sunningdale agreement, the ways in which it was interpreted and explained, the lessons that political actors drew from it, and questions concerning its ramifications for subsequent political developments in Northern Ireland. It goes on to set out the rationale for the book – namely, the absence of any sustained investigation of how the agreement influenced subsequent (generations of) political actors in Northern Ireland. The chapter outlines the key questions that contributors will explore in greater depth surrounding the implications that the 1973-1974 power-sharing experiment and its failure had for political developments in Northern Ireland. The chapter concludes with a short description of how each chapter develops these themes and how the individual chapters relate to each other.
Bob Crow: Socialist, Leader, Fighter
Authors: Gall Gregor
Published: September 2017

Bob Crow was not only the most well-known union leader of his generation but also the most militant. This biography examines his leadership of the RMT union, examining and exposing a number of popular myths created about him by political opponents. Using the schema of his personal characteristics (including his public persona), his politics and the power of his members, it explains how and why he was able to punch above his weight in industrial relations and on the political stage, helping the small RMT union become as influential as many of its much larger counterparts.
Deploying an array of source materials and a sympathetic but critical approach, the biography traces Crow’s industrial and political development from a working-class London family, with an influential communist father and early epiphany about unions, to his rise to national prominence within the RMT. His own membership of two particular far-left political parties did not prevent him becoming the undisputed leader of the left within the RMT. This was attributable to his forceful and larger-than-life personality.
Formative years
Authors: Gall Gregor
Published: September 2017

Examines Crow’s early years and family background to give insight into the formative process by which he became politicised and developed the strong and forceful personality he became known for and by which he pursued his political agenda. Thus, considers influence of his father and his politics as well as how Crow choose to take on board these influences in a certain way (by contrast with his brother). There were also significant turning points in Crow’s life that explain why he became the person he did. The most obvious one concerns his sense of being picked upon at work when he was just nineteen because this opened him up to a personal first experience of a workplace union from which he never looked back. The chapter details his lower level union involvement before becoming a player on the national scene of the RMT.
Person and personal life
Authors: Gall Gregor
Published: September 2017

For four reasons, it is important to examine the person, personal life and personal interests of Crow. First, the personal was very political with him. He made it this way so it was not entirely a product of media manufacture. That is to say, the way he lived his life often epitomized what he was about and what he stood for. Second, the media did use aspects of his personal life to attack him with in order to undermine him. As became well known, he was defiant and unapologetic in response. Third, it is important to have some idea of the private person behind the public figure given that his personality was such an important part of what made him up. Fourth and related to this, his ability to get on and work with people in order to exert influence in the RMT, the wider union movement and the radical left was very much helped by his personality. Consequently, this chapter examines his personal traits (self-confidence, humour, temperament, workaholic) as well as his interests and lifestyle (holidays, housing, hobbies).
Legacy and legend
Authors: Gall Gregor
Published: September 2017

This chapter brings together the different themes and threads of this biography to provide an overall assessment and critique. It returns to the measure Crow against the functions and components of leadership, especially focusing on his presentational skills and styles, and considers his overall industrial and political achievements, especially when set against the definitions of militancy, mobilisation and political congruence that were laid out in chapter one. Finally, the aftermath of his death and his legacy for the RMT is considered in terms of the election of his successor, Mick Cash.
‘The times they are a changin’’: Tracing the transformation of Irish Catholicism through the eyes of a journalist
Authors: McGarry Patsy
Published: September 2017

Patsy McGarry draws on the knowledge of the changed role of religion in Irish society that he has accumulated as religious affairs correspondent of The Irish Times through the troubled recent decades. He points out that until the Church hierarchy is prepared to acknowledge responsibility for their poor handling of the clerical abuse scandals and the pain inflicted on the survivors, there will be no healing. His treatment of the various scandals and the role of Irish bishops in trying to limit reputational damage to the Church, illustrate McGarry’s contention that the times are definitely ‘a changin’’ and they will continue to do so for some time to come in Ireland.
Between Cure and Prosthesis : ‘Good Fit’ in Artificial Eardrums
Authors: Virdi Jaipreet
Published: September 2017

Placing the history of artificial eardrums against the backdrop of medical consumerism and advertising culture, this chapter reveals how the commericalisation of assistive technologies can blur the boundaries between prosthetics and cures. Unlike assistive aids to hearing, artificial eardrums were initially constructed as a surgical prosthetic, a replacement of a damaged part to become integrated with a user’s body. By the 1880s, however, the device captured the imagination of British and American inventors and new manufacturing firms who distanced the surgical mark of the device while still adhering to standards of its design. As the device was invisible to both the observer and the wearer, their promotion as ‘cure’ rendered deafness as a sigma, a misery that required medico-technological intervention to integrate the deaf person into hearing society.
‘Pockets of freedom’: the youth sphere and its spaces of negotiation and dissent
Authors: Spaskovska Ljubica
Published: September 2017

The first chapter maps the wide, decentralised youth infrastructure of the League of Socialist Youth of Yugoslavia (SSOJ) as a form of public space which accommodated both mainstream and ‘alternative’ politics and cultures, outlining some of the major debates which occurred within its strictly speaking political/institutional core, as well as in its peripheral sites, i.e. its media and cultural realms. It also offers an overview of the history of the institutional youth sphere, focussing on certain crucial events, such as the events of 1968 and the 1974 reorganisation of the youth organisation which resulted in the disappearance of the Student Union(s) as separate body. It shows how a process of negotiating new forms of youth activism (in the youth press), of questioning of inherited traditions and creating venues for democratisation of the youth organisation were made possible by the advancement of a new young political, media and cultural elite which generally sought to target the malfunctions of the system and undermine dogmatic socialism.
‘Comrades, I don’t believe you!’: youth culture and the rethinking of historical legacies
Authors: Spaskovska Ljubica
Published: September 2017

The second chapter focuses on the way in which parts of the youth articulated a specifically anti-regime critique and through it questioned some of the values embodied in contemporary politics and culture. In particular, it examines how older forms of political discourse and ritual - embodied by Tito’s personality cult and the Day of Youth relay race - were critiqued in both political and new cultural forms. For the most part, this critique was not reduced to a demand for outright abolishment of Yugoslav socialism, but it was rather about challenging the norms of an older generation and reinventing socialism through the state’s youth institutions.
Connectivity as problem: security, mobility, liberals, and Christians
Authors: Lobo-Guerrero Luis , Kuntz Friederike
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the notion of connectivity as making possible forms of security and mobility in different historical periods. Starting from a reflection on present day liberal forms of mobility and security that rely on the active circulation of various elements, the mainstay of the chapter is an exploration of a sixteenth century Christian travel account mapping the biblical world and the kind of connectivity regarding mobility and security inscribed by this account. Their work unsettles today’s taken-for-granted notion of effortless mobility and connectivity through the description of dangerous travels in the sixteenth century, thus providing a change of perspective that highlights the contingency of contemporary mobility and security.
The power of cyberspace centralisation: analysing the example of data territorialisation
Authors: Baur-Ahrens Andreas
Published: September 2017

This chapter engages the (re)organisation of cyberspace by examining the ongoing debates on data territorialisation. Building on cybersecurity discourses after the Snowden revelations, the chapter analyses how the movement of data is supposed to be constrained such that it literally would not leave the territory of a nation state on its way from sender to receiver. The chapter thereby highlights–against the placeless notion of cyberspace–the importance of the physical infrastructure of servers and data exchange points that exist in concrete buildings on national territories. The argument behind the rerouting initiatives is that data, once it would not physically leave the country on its travels, would be easier to protect. However, as the chapter argues, such a political intervention into the open architecture of the Internet entails deep-seated transformations of power in cyberspace.
Commercialised occupation skills: Israeli security experience as an international brand
Authors: Grassiani Erella
Published: September 2017

This chapter demonstrates how knowledge about security becomes a commodity that can be marketed, sold, and, in fact, moved. Engaging the reputation of the Israeli Defence Forces as not only experts in security, but notably practitioners of security, the chapter shows how private security firms in the United States construct their business model around precisely this reputation. The chapter highlights the capacities of markets to render things mobile and relocate the abstract notion of Israeli security to another country where it manifests itself and transcends boundaries from the military sector to private service provisions for the civil sector. These companies do so by transforming the ‘Israeli Security Experience’ into a brand that symbolises not only security and safety but also values such as discretion and toughness.
‘Illegals’ in the Law School of Athens: public presence, discourse, and migrants as threat
Authors: Gkolfinopoulos Giannis
Published: September 2017

This chapter looks at the hunger strike of migrants in the Law School building of the University of Athens in 2011. The focus lies on the media representations of the occupation of the building and the discursive construction of threats around the hunger strike. Notably, the construction of threat images turns out to be closely related to the university and the Law School building–both as an institution and as a concrete building–whose dignity was presented as endangered.
Reinventing political order? A discourse view on the European Community and the abolition of border controls in the second half of the 1980s
Authors: Wittendorp Stef
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines from a discourse perspective the debate on the abolition of border controls in the European Community (EC) in the second half of the 1980s. It analyses how the shifting constellation between the border as security device and as economic enabler made possible the removal of border controls as well as to conceive of new forms of regulating security and mobility. In a broader context, the chapter is critical of the view of the EC and now European Union as a post-national entity that has successfully moved beyond a divisionary and exclusive nationally-oriented politics. Instead, the regulation of mobility and thus the politics of inclusion and exclusion continues apace although perhaps in less visible and more unexpected places.
Modelling the self, creating the other: French denaturalisation law on the brink of World War II 1
Authors: Beauchamps Marie
Published: September 2017

Adding a historical note to a practice that has recently garnered renewed attention, this chapter looks at the policy of denaturalisation in France at the beginning of World War II. Denaturalisation law as a juridical political discourse centres on the deprivation of citizenship; it draws on security rhetoric in order to rewrite the limits of inclusion and exclusion regarding citizenship and is a means to model the national community. Based on archival material collected at the French National Archives, the chapter argues that denaturalisation law is at the core of the security/mobility dynamic: emphasising a fear of movement on the one hand, and the operationalisation of adaptable juridical practices on the other hand, denaturalisation interrupts our capacity of dissent while fixing the means to govern beyond democratic control. The analysis contributes to a better understanding of the politics of nationality where notions of selfhood and otherness are being shaped, mobilised and transformed.
Legitimacy, violence and extraction in the practice of building states
Authors: de Heredia Marta Iñiguez
Published: September 2017

This chapter offers the theoretical framework for the sociological analysis of peacebuilding. Its aim is to set two core arguments of the book: firstly that peacebuilding processes have a plural, improvised and contradictory nature; and secondly that resistance is rooted in the coercive and extractive practices of war and state-making and not in an international-local contention. This does not try to demonise peacebuilding and romanticise resistance – quite the opposite – the sociological approach highlights the continuous transformations and contestations that actors and processes in a ‘post-war’ setting go through.
Everyday resistance and everyday order in world politics
Authors: de Heredia Marta Iñiguez
Published: September 2017

This chapter recaps the core arguments, highlights the contributions of the book and discusses the final implications. One of these implications is to take the next step in peace and conflict studies. This means that if the study of resistance is an important part of a critical project that seeks to provide a more nuanced, realistic and critical account of peacebuilding, consolidating this turn by offering a solid account of resistance is a necessary step towards that project.
The road of/on transition
Authors: Dalakoglou Dimitris
Published: September 2017

This is the key ethnographic chapter of the book: According to local mythology, danger influxes via the road and wealth outflux. It is by no coincidence that all these oral discourses in Gjirokastër locate their action on this particular road section. In postsocialism the Kakavijë–Gjirokastër road section has become a material and physical continuation of the Greek road system. The mythology of this road section comprehends three phenomena: the motif of the old hostility between Greece and Albania; the politics of international aid, but also the practices of transnationalism.
English Benedictine Nuns in Exile in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Lux-Sterritt Laurence
Published: September 2017

Between 1598 and 1800, an estimated 3, 271 Catholic women left England to enter convents on the Continent. This study focuses more particularly upon those who became Benedictines in the seventeenth century, choosing exile in order to pursue their vocation for an enclosed life. Through the study of a wide variety of original manuscripts, including chronicles, death notices, clerical instructions, texts of spiritual guidance, but also the nuns’ own collections of notes, this book highlights the tensions between the contemplative ideal and the nuns’ personal experiences. Its first four chapters adopt a traditional historical approach to illustrate the tensions between theory and practice in the ideal of being dead to the world. They offer a prosopographical study of Benedictine convents in exile, and show how those houses were both cut-off and enclosed yet very much in touch with the religious and political developments at home. The next fur chapters propose a different point of entry into the history of nuns, with a study of emotions and the senses in the cloister, delving into the textual analysis of the nuns’ personal and communal documents to explore aspect of a lived spirituality, when the body, which so often hindered the spirit, at times enabled spiritual experience.
‘A vaccine for the nation’: South Korea’s development of a hepatitis B vaccine and national prevention strategy focused on newborns
Authors: Choi Eun Kyung , Paik Young-Gyung
Published: September 2017

For several decades South Korea has been recognised as a country in which hepatitis B is endemic, but it has also become famous for its controlled hepatitis epidemic, using a well-organised vaccination plan.The social determinants surrounding the vaccination plan have not been studied, however. In the 1980s, the hepatitis issue was a major concern in Korea, involving various actors, including medical doctors, the government, foreign scholars, and international institutions. While the domestic production of hepatitis B vaccines and the vaccination campaigns focused on newborns, combined with extensive prenatal screening have been counted as key success factors, the adoption of these specific measures was not simply based on scientific analysis. In this sense, when an anti-hepatitis plan was finally introduced in South Korea, it was not just a reaction to the prevalent hepatitis B but also a reflection of the nation’s future-oriented, developmentalist imaginaries.
A distinctive nation: vaccine policy and production in Japan
Authors: Yongue Julia
Published: September 2017

Factors such as climate and geography were important determinants of the types vaccines selected for use and the prevalence of certain infectious diseases in Japan. However, as shown in this chapter, there is strong evidence that preventive vaccination policies that were strongly influenced by foreign health authorities, changing societal expectations, pressure from special interest groups, and new scientific discoveries played as an important, if not a more significant role in the formation of Japan’s approach to immunisation and vaccine production. By delineating the principal features and influences on the development of Japan’s vaccine policies and production using a wide range of illustrations, the writer argues that Japan’s approach differed markedly from the ones adopted by the health authorities in other nations. This distinctiveness stems from Japan’s unique history of disease, policies and institutions, whose centerpiece is the Preventative Vaccination Law (PVL) introduced in 1947 during the Allied occupation (1945-52). This chapter will trace these influences—both past and present—on Japan’s vaccination policies in order to shed light on its unique approach to immunisation and production.
The MMR debate in the United Kingdom: vaccine scares, statesmanship and the media
Authors: Stöckl Andrea , Smajdor Anna
Published: September 2017

This chapter discusses the MMR vaccination controversy in the UK following the publication of a paper in Lancet which linked the MMR triple jab to childhood autism. We discuss the response of the British media to the paper’s claims, and its subsequent retraction, and the way that the actions of the then Prime Minister contributed to the debates. We analysed media reports from that time and draw on policy papers on science communication in order to show how a combination of events before and after the publication of Wakefield’s paper influenced public debates on science, trust and personal responsibility for health protection, and thus also had an impact on public health policy making. We follow a historical thread on actions of public figures on health policy issues and situate the debate in the context of British science policy in general to better understand vaccine controversies and debates in the British context.
Polio vaccination, political authority and the Nigerian state
Authors: Renne Elisha P.
Published: September 2017

Vaccination campaigns rely on the political authority of the state to carry out public health programs for the benefit of its citizens. In sub-Saharan Africa where vaccination programs were introduced by health officials during colonial rule, subsequent postcolonial programs, such as interventions which focus on a single disease and are supported mainly by western international NGOs, may be viewed with suspicion by some. Rather than strengthening state control of its citizens, vaccination campaigns such as the Global Polio Eradication Initiative as implemented in northern Nigeria, may undermine state authority and control. With its initial focus on polio vaccination rather than on childhood diseases which parents considered more life-threatening, the initiative highlighted the federal government’s failure to provide basic primary health care. That the GPEI was funded by western international NGOs also led some Muslim parents, religious leaders, and medical professionals to question the safety of the oral polio vaccine and to refuse vaccination for their children. However, in 2013 their actions have been tempered by programs providing monetary awards to state governments and foodstuffs to cooperating mothers and in September 2015, WHO announced the interruption of wild poliovirus in Nigeria.
Reading Shakespeare's mind
Authors: Sohmer Steve
Published: September 2017

This book will come as a revelation to Shakespeare scholars everywhere. It reveals the identity of the playwright and Shakespeare’s colleague behind the mask of Jaques in As You Like It. It pinpoints the true first night of Twelfth Night and reveals why the play’s performance at the Inns of Court was a momentous occasion for Shakespeare. It also the identities Quinapalus, the Vapians, Pigrogromitus and Feste, as well as the ‘Dark Lady’ of the Sonnets and the inspiration for Jessica in The Merchant of Venice. And it solves Shakespeare’s greatest riddle: the meaning of M.O.A.I. in Twelfth Night. In sum, this book reveals William Shakespeare as a far more personal writer than we have ever imagined.
Shakespeare and Paul in Illyria
Authors: Sohmer Steve
Published: September 2017

This chapter explains how Shakespeare marshalled St. Paul’s Epistles to the Corinthians as the subtext for Twelfth Night.
Beginning at the beginning
Authors: Sohmer Steve
Published: September 2017

This chapter explains why Twelfth Night must begin with 1.2 rather than 1.1, and cites eighteenth- to nineteenth-century productions as conclusive evidence.
Tributes private and public
Authors: Sohmer Steve
Published: September 2017

This chapter identifies some of Shakespeare’s unrecognized tributes to friends, former patrons, and others who were dear to him.
Epilogue: personal Shakespeare
Authors: Sohmer Steve
Published: September 2017

This chapter summarizes the thesis of the book: that William Shakespeare was a far more personal writer than scholars have recognized.
Polysituatedness
Authors: Kinsella John
Published: September 2017

This book is concerned with the complexities of defining 'place', of observing and 'seeing' place, and how we might write a poetics of place. From Kathy Acker to indigenous Australian poet Jack Davis, the book touches on other writers and theorists, but in essence is a hands-on book of poetic practice. The work extends John Kinsella's theory of 'international regionalism' and posits new ways of reading the relationship between place and individual, between individual and the natural environment, and how place occupies the person as much as the person occupies place. It provides alternative readings of writers through place and space, especially Australian writers, but also non-Australian. Further, close consideration is given to being of 'famine-migrant' Irish heritage and the complexities of 'returning'. A close-up examination of 'belonging' and exclusion is made on a day-to-day basis. The book offers an approach to creating poems and literary texts constituted by experiencing multiple places, developing a model of polyvalent belonging known as 'polysituatedness'. It works as a companion volume to Kinsella's earlier Manchester University Press critical work, Disclosed Poetics: Beyond Landscape to Lyricism.
Agoras
Authors: Kinsella John
Published: September 2017

I have a poem in mind. A ‘late’ Jam Tree Gully poem. It will be entitled ‘Agora’ and I will get to writing its first lines shortly.

Why late? I haven’t ceased being connected with Jam Tree Gully, nor have I ceased writing it. Maybe because I am thinking about its spaces in different ways now, from afar. I often write from ‘afar’, and as Thomas Bristow has highlighted, I write poetry ‘...
For beauty’s sake
Authors: Kinsella John
Published: September 2017

Poetry is so often less about ‘Art’ and more about ‘activism’ than many like to think. The poem that captures a glimpse of ‘nature’, or human loss, or reconstitutes a family memory through an object found while going through the belongings of a deceased relative, might seem to be little to do with activism but everything to do with art. That is, to do with the art of compacting, containing and adding ‘depth’/layering/nuance to an idea so it creates conduits into other ways of seeing – creating the poem-object. But for me, rather than the ‘artiness of art’, I am interested in the poem’s potential for resistance, not its compliance with a status quo, not as the production of what will become an ...
Overhearing: poetics of place with brief reference to Jack Davis’s poetry
Authors: Kinsella John
Published: September 2017

Sitting in a car outside a hospital, waiting to go in to see my partner and young son who was stricken with scarlet fever, an uncommon sickness in these times, echoing with the literary trauma of loss in nineteenth-century literary (and other) texts, I briefly heard an interview on the radio with a guy who’d won an essay competition. At the time, I felt welded to the car park, the place of the hospital, because of our son’s inability to be anywhere but where he was. My place was his place, temporary, hopefully, as it was. I didn’t catch much, but one line I did made me prick up my ears. The speaker said (claimed?) only indigenous peoples, certainly in Australia, could legitimately write of place. In essence, I wouldn’t argue with this, as his essay was (it seemed) on trauma, dispossession and loss. And that is the legacy of colonialism, of the European attack on Australian Aboriginal people throughout the continent....
Near Goomalling: Oak Park concretions
Authors: Kinsella John
Published: September 2017

CASE 1: These concretions were prepared in late spring and displayed in early autumn. The gap was part of the process between text as conceptual and text as installation. In situ, they become integral parts of place, if temporary ones. After the fact, they are representational: of that moment, of the history of Oak Park. Between preparing text and displaying it came the devastating summer. There are no more edges, no more ecotones – the blurring is not liminal, but sharp lines of demolition. No benefits and richness and plethoras where habitats contact and overlap, but the scribble of damage. What is given way to is the reality of the vestigial or the remnant. Not a condition of healthy and unhealthy, but of different states of decay. It’s a brutal reality – the land set aside is dying, and rehabilitation is a gesture. The farmed land feeds the nature-reserve land with its residues. Does that mean one should resign oneself to this? Of course not. But the edges need to be unmapped, need to be denied, to grow over into an ambiguity, which is what the romantic ecologists wish as edge and liminality. ‘Habitat’ is extinct as useful terminology – its colonial residues are toxic....
Where I sit in the process: working with Ali Alizadeh to produce an anthology of persian poetry
Authors: Kinsella John
Published: September 2017

In the creation of a world configured by ‘spaces’, sediment of place, conceptual zones of crossover and dialogue, I always come to the collaborative act. The polysituated is emblazoned, highlights made and markers laid, nodal points set and illuminated, through acts of collaboration. Cultural spatiality is enhanced, enriched and grown through working beyond the ‘monolingual’ ...
A rage for verse: the case for Charles Walker as the author of the first volume of verse published in Western Australia (1856)
Authors: Kinsella John
Published: September 2017

In doing research for the Western Australian Poetry Anthology1 that Tracy and I are editing, I have come across some bizarre and quite sad material. John Hay’s 1981 essay ‘Literature and Society’2 draws heavily on Beverley Smith’s UWA thesis on early Western Australian writing written in the early 1960s, and makes interesting if very brief points of reference worth following up. This is one that interested me in particular because as I have written elsewhere, ...
Also from a Schull Journal
Authors: Kinsella John
Published: September 2017

Bright sunny day!

Went to Ballydehob this morning – Tim had to see the doctor there because Schull surgery had no free slots. I walked around the town and environs for an hour or so. Walked from the top of town down to the bridge over the inlet, then down to twelve-arch bridge – went under that and across the concrete and steel bridge, back (on the other side) to the twelve-arch bridge which I crossed, joining the walkway through patches of furze (in bloom and my hay fever is at full tilt), then on up the hill and past the church, back down to the main street of town. No swans on the inlet, though plenty of gulls. Saw three donkeys and a goat in a small field just outside town. Also a stonechat in furze bordering the field....
More ‘ways of seeing’
Authors: Kinsella John
Published: September 2017

2.15 pm Day was foggy until 11-ish, then haze set in. Sun out now. Did the same walk as yesterday but with Tracy and it was terrific. One looks in different ways when walking and conversing with someone close. The furze was erupting – both the ‘western gorse’ and the regular gorse – the longer-thorned and shorter-thorned varieties....
From storage towards waste
Authors: Kinsella John
Published: September 2017

Chatting over my notions of storage with Tracy on waking this morning, she mentioned hoards (not votive hoards) as a form of storage, which they are. She wrote a string of ‘hoard poems’ at Anchor Lodge, which she placed in storage in the Skib lock-up while we were away. They are out of storage now and in Rosewood Cottage. They will eventually travel back to Australia while the rest of our ‘stuff’ stays in storage in Skib (where it will return from Rosewood)....