bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Symptom Presentation and Treatment Outcome in Children and Youths With Eating Disorders
Authors: Coelho Jennifer S. , Suen Janet , Marshall Sheila , Burns Alex , Geller Josie , Lam Pei-Yoong
Published: July 2021

Background. To address the gaps in the literature examining eating disorders among males and gender minority youths, a prospective study was designed to assess gender differences in eating disorder symptom presentation and outcomes. Muscularity concerns may be particularly relevant for male youths with eating disorders, and were included in assessment of eating disorder symptom presentation. Methods. All male youths who presented for specialized eating disorder treatment at one of two sites were invited to participate, along with a group of matched females, and all youths who did not identify with the sex assigned to them at birth. Youths completed measures of eating disorder symptoms, including muscularity concerns, and other psychiatric symptoms at baseline and end of treatment.Results. A total of 27 males, 28 females and 6 trans youths took part in the study. At baseline, Kruskal-Wallis tests demonstrated that trans youths reported higher scores than cisgender male and female youths on measures of eating pathology (Eating Disorder Examination – Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the body fat subscale of the Male Body Attitudes Scale (MBAS)). These analyses demonstrated that there were no differences between cisgender male and female youths on eating disorder symptoms at baseline. However, repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated that males had greater decreases than did females in eating pathology at discharge than did females, based on self-reported scores on the EDE-Q, MBAS, and Body Change Inventory. Conclusions. Gender differences in eating pathology appeared at baseline, with trans youths reporting higher levels of eating pathology than cisgender youths, though no differences between cisgender males and females emerged at baseline for eating disorder symptom presentation. Contrary to expectations, there were no gender differences in measures of muscularity concerns. Males demonstrated greater eating disorder symptom improvements than females, suggesting that male adolescents may have better treatment outcomes than females in some domains.
Cross-Modal Environment Self-Adaptation During Object Recognition in Artificial Cognitive Systems
Authors: Miralles David , Garrofé Guillem , Parés Calota , González Alejandro , Serra Gerard , Soto Alberto , de Beeck Hans Op , Masson Haemy Lee , Sevillano Xavier
Published: July 2021

The cognitive connection between the senses of touch and vision is probably the best-known case of cross-modality. Recent discoveries suggest that the mapping between both senses is learned rather than innate. These evidences open the door to a dynamic cross-modality that allows individuals to adaptively develop within their environment. Mimicking this aspect of human learning, we propose a new cross-modal mechanism that allows artificial cognitive systems (ACS) to adapt quickly to unforeseen perceptual anomalies generated by the environment or by the system itself. In this context, visual recognition systems have advanced remarkably in recent years thanks to the creation of large-scale datasets together with the advent of deep learning algorithms. However, such advances have not occurred on the haptic mode, mainly due to the lack of two-handed dexterous datasets that allow learning systems to process the tactile information of human object exploration. This data imbalance limits the creation of synchronized multimodal datasets that would enable the development of cross-modality in ACS during object exploration. In this work, we use a multimodal dataset recently generated from tactile sensors placed on a collection of objects that capture haptic data from human manipulation, together with the corresponding visual counterpart. Using this data, we create a cross-modal learning transfer mechanism capable of detecting both sudden and permanent anomalies in the visual channel and still maintain visual object recognition performance by retraining the visual mode for a few minutes using haptic information. Here we show the importance of cross-modality in perceptual awareness and its ecological capabilities to self-adapt to different environments.
Right Ventricular Free Wall Strain for Detection of Anthracycline Induced Cardiac Toxicity
Authors: Attar Armin , Azizi Fatemeh , Abtahi Firoozeh , Karimi Mojtaba
Published: July 2021

Background
Anthracycline agents are routinely used for treatment of many types of malignancy, while imposing the risk for cardiotoxicity (AT-CMP). Although the right ventricle (RV) is more susceptible to cardiotoxicity, most of the studies have focused on left ventricle (LV) function for monitoring AT-CMP. In this study, we have focused on RV function before and after chemotherapy using two-dimensional speckle tracking Echocardiography (2D-STE).
Material and Methods
In this prospective study, newly diagnosed and untreated cancerous patients without previous cardiovascular diseases were enrolled. For all patients, baseline echocardiography was performed before the initiation of the anthracycline regimen and after 6 months of follow up when the chemotherapy was stopped. Several parameters of LV and RV function were measured using 3D echocardiography and STE techniques.
Results
60 patients were enrolled in the study. There was a significant decrease (P = 0.001) in RV fractional area change (53.57 %±4.36 vs. 45.66% ±6.19), RV Global longitudinal strain (GLS) (− 22.93%±1.95 vs. −18.53 ± 2.75), and RV free wall strain (FWLS) (− 25.75%±3.01 VS. −20.30 ± 3.78). There was a significant decline in LVEF (59.42 ± 6.36% vs. 51.1 ± 6.31%) and LV-GLS (-21.1 ± 1.8% vs -18.6 ± 2.6%) (both P = 0.001) as well. Among the parameters changed following chemotherapy, RV-FWLS was dropped to a pathological level in 25% of patients showing the highest potential for detection of anthracyclines effect on the myocardium.
Conclusion
Anthracycline therapy can induce subclinical RV dysfunction. RV-FWLS may be proposed as the most sensitive echocardiographic marker for monitoring AT-CMP. This finding needs to be confirmed in future and larger studies.
Dyslipidemia Associates with Respiratory Resistance Assessed by Forced Oscillation Technique in Asthmatic Children
Authors: Chanachon Pakvirin Nanakorn , Kanchongkittiphon Watcharoot , Jotikasthira Wanlapa , Kiewngam Potjanee , Sawatchai Adithep , Manuyakorn Wiparat
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This study evaluated the correlation between dyslipidemia and pulmonary function parameters assessed by spirometry and force oscillation technique in asthmatic children.Methods: Asthmatic children (aged 5–18 years old) were measured for fasting serum lipid profiles, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Pulmonary function tests were assessed by spirometry and forced oscillation technique (FOT). Results: One hundred forty-one asthmatic children were enrolled with the mean (sd) age of 11.82 (3.38) years. Eighty-eight children (62.4%) were males, 64 children (45.4%) had dyslipidemia, and 20 (14.2 %) children were obese. Of 64 children with dyslipidemia, high LDL-C was the most common dyslipidemia (65.6%), followed by TC (57.8%), non-HDL-C (53.1%), TG (35.9%), and low HDL-C (15.6%). There were no significant differences in spirometry parameters and FOT parameters between asthmatic children who had dyslipidemia and normal lipid levels. Asthmatic children who had high LDL-C had significantly higher expiratory phase respiratory resistance at 5 Hz (R5), whole breath R20 and expiratory phase R20 evaluated by FOT than those with normal LDL-C (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in weight, height, obesity status, and CRP level between children with high and normal LDL-C. Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in children with asthma is high. LDL-C is associated with more elevated respiratory resistance assessed by FOT in asthmatic children. Intervention lowering LDL-C may have a benefit on lung function in asthmatic children.
3D Hotspot Matrix of Au Nanoparticles on Au Nanostructures with a Spacer Layer of Dithiol Molecules for Highly Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Dong-Jin , Kim Dae Yu
Published: July 2021

Engineering of efficient plasmonic hotspots has been receiving great attention to enhance the sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In the present study, we propose a highly sensitive SERS platform based on Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on Au nanostructures (AuNSs) with a spacer layer of 1,4-benzenedimethanethiol (BDMT). The three-dimensional (3D) hotspot matrix has been rationally designed based on the idea of employing 3D hotspots with a vertical nanogap between AuNSs and AuNPs after generating large area two-dimensional hotspots of AuNSs. AuNP@BDMT@AuNSs are fabricated by functionalizing BDMT on AuNSs and then immobilizing AuNPs. The Raman signal of the AuNP@BDMT@AuNSs is approximately twelve times higher than that of AuNSs at 100 nM of rhodamine 6G. The AuNP@BDMT@AuNSs are then employed to detect thiram, which is used as a fungicide, with a detection limit of 13 nM. Our proposed platform thus shows significant potential for use in highly sensitive SERS sensors.
Effect of Electron and X-ray Irradiation on Microbiological and Chemical Parameters of Chilled Turkey
Authors: Bliznyuk Ulyana , Ananiev Vasily , Avdyukhina Valentina , Borshegovskaya Polina , Bolotnik Timofey , Ipatova Victoria , Ihalainen Yuri , Nikitina Zoya , Nikitchenko Alexander , Rodin Igor , Studenikin Felix , Khmelevskiy Oleg , Chernyaev Alexander , Shinkarev Oleg , Yurov Dmitry
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this work was to compare the effect of electron and X-ray irradiation on microbiological content and volatile organic compounds in chilled turkey meat. Dose ranges which significantly suppress the pathogenic microflora while maintaining the organoleptic properties of the turkey meat are different for electron and X-ray irradiation. According to the study it is recommended to treat chilled turkey using X-ray irradiation with the dose ranging from 0.5 kGy to 0.75 kGy, while in electron irradiation permissible doses should be within 0.25 kGy-1 kGy. Three main groups of volatile compounds: alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes were found in irradiated and non-irradiated samples of turkey meat. It was found that the total amount of aldehydes, which are responsible for the formation of a specific odor of irradiated meat products, increases exponentially with the increase in the absorbed dose for both types of irradiation. It was established that acetone can be used as a potential marker of the fact of exposure of low-fat meat products to ionizing radiation.
Accessing and Engaging with Antenatal Care: An Interview Study of Teenage Women
Authors: Shee Anna Wong , Frawley Natasha , Robertson Carolyn , McKenzie Anne Marie , Lodge Julie , Versace Vincent , Nagle Cate
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPregnant teenagers in rural and regional areas experience distinct disadvantages, that are not simply a function of their age, and these have a substantial impact on their health and that of their baby. Studies demonstrate that antenatal care improves pregnancy outcomes amongst pregnant women, especially adolescents. Understanding teenager’s views and experiences of pregnancy and motherhood is important to ensure antenatal care meets young women’s needs. This study explored teenage women’s experiences and perceptions of barriers and facilitators to engaging in pregnancy care in rural and regional Victoria, Australia.MethodsBetween February - October 2017, semi structured interviews were conducted with pregnant women aged ≤ 19 years from rural and regional areas. Interviews were audio-taped, professionally transcribed and thematic analysis undertaken.ResultsFour key themes emerged from the analysis of the transcripts of 16 interviews: Valuing pregnancy care, Interactions with Maternity Service, Woman-centred care, and Support systems. Teenage women primary motivation to attend care was to ensure their baby’s wellbeing and lack of engagement occurred when the relevance of antenatal care was not understood. Appointment flexibility and an accessible location was important; most participants were reliant on others for transport. Continuity of carer and respectful, non-judgement communication by staff was highly valued. Many young women had fractured families with pregnancy diminishing their social world, yet having a baby gave them purpose in their lives.ConclusionMaternity services and health professionals that provide flexible, adaptable women-centred care and support through pregnancy and early motherhood will assist young women’s engagement in antenatal care.
TMUB1 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for colorectal cancer
Authors: Hao Tao , Liu Qian , Lv Xin , Qiu Jun , Zhang Haoran , Jiang Hai-Ping
Published: July 2021

BackgroundTransmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain-containing protein 1 (TMUB1) is overexpressed in a large number of liver and esophageal tumors. However, only a few reports on the clinical significance of TMUB1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) exist. MethodsHere, we evaluated the clinical significance and potential biological role of TMUB1 using bioinformatics analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship of TMUB1 with clinicopathological features. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify the biological function of TMUB1, while any associations between the expression of TMUB1 and the infiltration of 24 immune cells were analyzed using imple-sample GSEA. ResultsTMUB1 was significantly overexpressed in CRC tissues compared with normal controls. High expression of TMUB1 in CRC was associated with T stage, neotype, and residual tumor. Moreover, TMUB1 was identified as an independent factor of poor disease-free survival (DFS) and short overall survival (OS). GSEA demonstrated that TMUB1 was related to hypoxia, angiogenesis, adipogenesis, inflammatory response, IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling, apoptosis, mitotic spindle, and IL2-STAT5 signaling. The expression of TMUB1 negatively correlated with the abundance of T helper cells, Tcm cells, macrophages, and Th2 cells, whereas it positively correlated with the abundance of several immune cell types, including CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells. ConclusionsTMUB1 may be a potential diagnostic and prognosis biomarker for colorectal cancer
Distribution of risks and Factors Associated with Unscreened Hypertension among Adults Living in Rural of Dano District, West Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2020: Community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Regea Firaol
Published: July 2021

Background: Hypertension affects more than one quarter of adults worldwide and one in three peoples in developing countries. Although Hypertension is known to be a silent medical condition, there is limited information on the prevalence of unscreened hypertension and associated factors among rural dwellers in Ethiopia in general and Dano district in particular. Objective: To assess the prevalence of Unscreened hypertension and associated factors among adults living in the rural area of Dano district, West Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia 2020.Methods and materials - A community-based cross-sectional study was employed. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 605 Adults from the rural community of Dano District from May 23 -July 5, 2020. Data were collected by trained BSc nurses and Public health officers. Standardized WHO STEPS survey tool was used to collect socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of the participants. Standardized digital blood pressure device was used to measure Blood pressure. The mean score of three blood measurements was used to classify hypertension after intra-class correlation was tested. GmateTM blood glucose measuring device was used to measure blood sugar. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors independently associated with unscreened hypertension. Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% CI was estimated to measure the strength of association. The level of statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. The results presented by tables and figures. Result: The prevalence of Unscreened Hypertension was 14.6%, (95% CI: 11.95%, 17.4%). Being in age of 19-33 years[(AOR: 2.5,95%CI:( 1,6)], having family history of hypertension [AOR=3.1,95%CI:(1.23,7.77)],having other chronic disease [AOR=0.28,95%CI:(0.11, 0.72)], Participants’ health-seeking behaviour to hypertension[AOR=3.3,95%CI:(1.6,6.5)] and participants knowledge about hypertension[AOR=2.3,95%CI:(1.2,4.5)]were independently associated with unscreened Hypertension.Conclusion - The evidence from this study shows unscreened hypertension is prevalent among adults in the study area. Therefore, opportunistic screening of adults regardless of their age and health status is important.
Common laboratory mice are susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV2 beta variant
Authors: Kant Ravi , Kareinen Lauri , Smura Teemu , Freitag Tobias L. , Jha Sawan Kumar , Alitalo Kari , Meri Seppo , Sironen Tarja , Saksela Kalle , Strandin Tomas , Kipar Anja , Vapalahti Olli
Published: July 2021

Small animal models are of crucial importance for assessing COVID-19 countermeasures. Common laboratory mice would be well-suited for this purpose but are not susceptible to infection with wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Herein we show that the SARS-CoV-2 beta variant attains infectibility to BALB/c mice and causes pulmonary changes consistent with COVID-19.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; an incidental finding in a COVID-19 patient.
Authors: Sidhu Shazaf Masood , Muhammad Fabiha Ghulam , Arshad Ainan
Published: July 2021

We report a case of 57 years old male, with no prior comorbids functional class I, presented with a history of fever for one week along with shortness of breath and cough for 5 days. Upon workup his baseline CBC reported bicytopenia along with marked lymphocytosis which raised the suspicion and to confirm the diagnosis, his acute leukemia comprehensive panel was done which reported an incidental finding of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia along with concomitant COVID PCR positive. This patient also presented with Tumor Lysis Syndrome and Acute kidney Injury.
Severe azotemia in a young breeding ram following to acute urethral obstruction by throughout intra-luminal blood clots
Authors: Alidadi Nasser , Moradikia Mohammadhossein , Mohammaddavoodi Hesaam
Published: July 2021

Urethral obstruction is a very important problem in small ruminants` flocks, as it affects breeding rams and so invaluable genetic reserves of the population. A three-years-old breeding ram referred to the teaching hospital with the owner`s compliant of lack of urination in previous two days. The ram was the only one in the flock which it had unlimited access to fat-tailed ewes. The other signs consisted of anorexia, reluctance to walking and final lateral recumbency. Severe depression, anuria, dribbling of blood drops from the glans and firmness of the enlarged penis in palpation were detected in the clinical examination. But noticeably there was no local subcutaneous edema and even swelling outside of the penis as it could be usually observed in urolithiasis. It was noticeable that the animal had remarkable bleeding tendency. An obvious splashing sound was heard using stethoscope auscultation on the right flank along. Abdominal paracentesis demonstrated a blood-tinged peritoneal fluid. Ultrasonography showed a completely distended urinary bladder. The animal died because of severe obstructive azotemia. The distended urinary bladder was opened and large amounts of blood-tinged urine flashed out. The urethra was incised but no urinary stones were detected in the lumen. Otherwise, an intra-luminal blood clotting at full length was detected following to the proximal internal hemorrhage. Obviously, this complex case may be confused with urolithiasis and should be exactly differentiated. There is no available reported data concerning the entity in literature. This case report is discussing the matter.
Identifications of multi-drug resistanturopathogens among infected patients from hospitals in Nablus-Palestine
Authors: Menawi Wafaa , Athamny Tamador , Khodair Lama , Mansour Haya , Shehadeh Mayce , Deen Rahaf Zain Al , Zaid Lama
Published: July 2021

Urinary tract infection UTI is the most common bacterial infection in the human population, and is considered to be a common cause of death all over the world. The increase in resistance in many bacterial strains prompted the researchers to do studies on it as well. This research aims to investigate the multi-drug resistant uropathogens among patients taking their care in Rafidia and Al Watani Hospitals and Patients Friends Society (Mostawsaf Al-Rahma) in Nablus-Palestine using the skills and knowledge that we have acquired during study at ANNU to apply it in our graduating project from January to July 2021 in Nablus, Palestine. 100 urine samples from UTI infected patients have been randomly selected from the medical laboratories related to health care facilities mentioned above after the approval of IRP and the directorate of Health Education. The bacterial species have been identified then their multidrug resistant activity has been investigated against several numbers of antibiotics. E.coli was the most frequent bacteria presented in the urine samples 39%, followed by S.epidermidis, Enterococcus, K.pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas respectively. Frome the gram-positive group 4 samples were resistante to the entire antibiotics being used, and in general the samples showed the highest resistance for ampicillin, followed by amikacin, ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Imipenem. From the gram-negative group 2 samples were resistante to the 5 antibiotics being used, and generally the samples showed the highest resistance for ciprofloxacin, followed by ceftazidime, gentamicin, imipenem, amikacin.
Hansische Umschau 2006
Authors: Henn (Bearb.) Volker
Published: July 2021

Vollständiger Rezensionsteil
Hansische Umschau 2016
Authors: Henn (Bearb.) Volker , Jörn (Bearb.) Nils
Published: July 2021

Vollständiger Rezensionsteil
Edition der Kulmer Stadtbücher
Authors: Heckmann Dieter
Published: July 2021

The strategic plan of the Copernicus-Vereinigung, a scholarly organisation devoted to the regional history of West Prussia, to edit the four yet unpublished civic registers (Stadtbuch) out of a total of ten surviving from late-medieval Kulm (Chełmno), was motivated to no small degree by the intention of demonstrating that Prussia constituted an integral part of the Hanse. However, the editorial principles employed by the editors of the six volumes which have appeared hitherto were anything but unitary. Hence, it is greatly to be desired that future editors orient themselves according to modern editorial guidelines. Moreover, there is much work to be done on standardizing seemingly minor technical matters: the capitalization of words, the typographical representation of Siamese-twin letters (when to transcribe a scribal mark as ‘sz’ and when as ‘ß’), superimposed letters (ue) and redundant double consonants, on the abbreviations for various currencies and the description of the scribal hands. This article is intended as a contribution towards generating a common set of principles – a standard tool-kit, if you will – for editing Hanseatic civic registers.
Determination of kinetic regularities of the process of drying perlite by radiation method
Authors: Novokhat O.A. , Vozniuk V.T. , Hritsiuk H.I. , Lysii V.
Published: July 2021

The actual methods of perlite drying are established. The radiation method of perlite drying is offered. A description of an experimental installation for drying perlite by the radiation method is given. The kinetic regularities of this method are established. Graphical dependences of moisture content on drying time, perlite surface temperature on drying time, and drying speed of perlite on drying time are described. The influence of the initial moisture content of perlite, the value of the heat flux density from the infrared emitter, the thickness of the perlite layer, and the value of the perlite fraction were determined. The analysis on the resulted graphic dependences is made. A drying installation with a combined drying method is proposed. The general conclusions concerning the expediency of a radiation method of drying perlite are made.
Influence of Technological Manufacturing Conditions on the Porosity of Calcium-Phosphate Scaffolds
Authors: Chernobrovchenko V.S. , Dyadyura K.О. , Balynskyi M. , Panda A.
Published: July 2021

The implantation of bone substitutes depends on the material’s osteoconductive potential and the structure’s porosity Porosity is a characteristic feature of most materials. The porosity of materials has a strong influence on some of their properties, both structural and functional. An essential requirement for bone scaffolds is porosity, which guides cells into their physical structure and supports vascularization. The macroporosity should be large enough and interdependent for bone ingrowth to occur throughout the entire volume of the implant. The pore size for cell colonization in bioceramics is approximately 100 μm. Pores larger than this value promote bone growth through the material. This pore size allows the flow of growth factors and cell adhesion and proliferation, allowing the formation of new bone and developing the capillary system associated with the ceramic implant. Porosity also affects the rate of resorption of ceramics: the larger the number of micropores, the higher the dissolution rate. The investigated properties were elastic moduli, ultimate strength, compressive strength, and average apparent density. The results obtained in this work are consistent with previous studies, proving the positive role of microporosity in osseointegration and bone formation.
Design Optimization of the Modified Planetary Carrier
Authors: Janigová S. , Schürger B.
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to design a new model of the third-stage carrier assembly used in a planetary gearbox as a single part component with improved strength and fatigue life properties and lower production costs. First, the mounting carrier assembly is subjected to static, fatigue, and modal analysis, and based on obtained results, the operating conditions that ensure its trouble-free operation are proposed. In the next step, new designs of the carrier as a single piece component are proposed and subjected to similar analyses. The proper numerical analysis method is chosen to evaluate the fatigue life, total deformation, and von Misses stress for each new model. Based on these results, the best design is chosen and submitted to further improvement, ensuring a weight reduction of 5 %. This last model of the carrier assembly is the most optimal solution since the maximum deformation values decreased by more than 55 %, and the maximum von Misses stresses decreased by almost 38 %, which increased fatigue life. A more comprehensive range of operating conditions for the optimized carrier is proposed to ensure its suitability for use in each gearbox. The finite element method analysis is performed in ANSYS.
Investigation of a Turbogenerator Based on the Vortex Expansion Machine with a Peripheral Side Channel
Authors: Vaneev S.M. , Martsynkovskyy V.S. , Kulikov A. , Miroshnichenko D.V. , Bilyk Ya.І. , Smolenko D.V. , Lazarenko A.D.
Published: July 2021

The creation of energy-saving turbogenerators is an essential component of the development of small energy systems. The gradual growth of interest in distributed electricity generation necessitates the constant improvement of these units. Moreover, they implement a more environmentally friendly generation method than when using microturbine units that use fuel to carry out the work process. Nowadays, turbogenerators are created based on different types of expansion machines, which have their advantages and disadvantages, given in this article. Compared to competitors, vortex expansion machines have good prospects and the necessary potential to expand their research and produce turbogenerators. An experimental vortex expansion machine with a peripheral-lateral channel and ability to change the geometric parameters of its flowing part was created to meet these needs. Experimental studies of the machine were performed on a special stand with air as a working fluid. As a result of the tests, the data were successfully obtained and processed. They are presented in the form of tables and graphical dependencies. The nature of the influence of thermodynamic parameters and geometric parameters of the flow part on the efficiency of the vortex expansion machine and turbogenerator based on it to further improve and create new turbogenerators is clarified.
Study of a Cold Spray Nozzle Throat on Acceleration Characteristics via CFD
Authors: Hu W.J. , Tan K. , Markovych S. , Liu X.L.
Published: July 2021

Cold spray technology can obtain coatings in a solid state, suitable for deposition protection, repair, and additive manufacturing. In order to further expand the application areas of cold spraying nozzles, especially the inner surface of the components or areas where a Straight-line conical nozzle cannot be applied, because the study of the throat of the nozzle with the angle will directly reduce the total length of the nozzle (the horizontal direction), hence, the spray with the angle will show its advantage. This study discusses the influence of the throat structure of the conical cold spray nozzle on the acceleration characteristics, including the throat’s size, length, and angle. The results show the following. Firstly, under the premise of keeping the shrinkage ratio and divergence ratio unchanged at normal temperature, the throat diameter is between 2–6 mm in size, and the maximum growth rate exceeds 20 m/s. When the throat exceeds 6mm, the growth rate of the outlet slows down, and the growth rate is only 8 m/s. Secondly, the length of the throat has little effect on the acceleration characteristics, the total range fluctuated from 533 to 550 m/s, and 11 mm length of the throat is the closest to 0mm. Additionally, the 90° throat angle has the least effect on the acceleration characteristics. Finally, the particle trajectory is affected by inlet pressure, injection pressure, particle size, and other factors.
Comparative analysis of the performance of mixing rules for density prediction of simple chemical mixtures
Authors: Babalola F.U. , Akanji I.O. , Oyegoke T.
Published: July 2021

Four different mixing rules (MRs) in three equations of state (EOSs) have been used to account for the intermolecular forces of attraction between dissimilar molecules of different substances that form simple mixtures. The combined effects of the co-volumes of all constituent species of the mixtures were also considered, and the densities of these simple mixtures were predicted. Thereafter, the density results obtained were compared with accurately simulated experimental density values, and the effectiveness of these MRs was determined and compared. The four MRs compared are geometric mean average (GMA), whole square root average (SRA), Expanded geometric average (EGA), and simple average (SA) of attractive force parameter. They were all used in Van der Waals, Redlich Kwong, and Peng Robinson EOSs for two simple mixtures: a binary system (Ammonia – Water system) and a ternary mixture (methyl acetate – water – toluene system). It was found that GMA and EGA gave reasonably accurate estimates of the mixture attractive force parameter (am) and hence good density prediction for both Ammonia – Water and Methyl acetate – Water – Toluene systems. SRA gave unrealistic values of mixture densities for both systems and was discarded. SA gave a somewhat good result with Peng Robinson EOS for the ammonia-water system, but not that good in Redlich Kwong EOS and very poor in Van der Waals EOS. SA does not give reasonable estimates of the mixture densities with the three EOSs considered for the methyl acetate – water – toluene system.
Electronic Business of Japan in Comparison with the U.S.
Authors: Melnyk Mykola V. , Blyznyukov Andriy O.
Published: July 2021

With the emergence of electronic business, the Japanese incorporated the internet into their culture to take advantage of e-Commerce. The uniform language and high ratio of the urban population make the online business successful. Besides, country size and the effective infrastructure make the delivery process faster. However, Japan still needs a pace in the e-Commerce business to compete with the USA. This research paper covers different trends and perspectives of Japan and the United States in terms of conducting e-Business. The article overview the primary differences between the electronic business of Japan and the United States. Then, the performance of the electronic business in both the United States and Japan is analyzed. A fine comparison has been made which determines the positive and negative impact of e-Business for both the countries. The comparison between the United States concerning e-Business helped us determine the use of modern technology, and also covers the vast dimension of online business in both countries.
The comparative analysis of the paper found that Japan needs to work on different aspects to avail opportunities of the online marketplace. The remarkable success of Japan towards online business forecast that it will take short time for Japan to take over the United States’ E-business. However, Japan still need to make major changes in the technical field as well as need support from the government to transform E-business in their country.
Perspectives on global competitiveness in terms of modern challenges and threats: the case of leading world’s economies for Ukraine
Authors: Shkola Viktoriia Y. , Domashenko Maryna D. , Vavilichev Mykola D.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the research is to study the global competitiveness of world’s economies and the factors influencing, given the modern challenges faced and far-looking threats.
The competitiveness of the national economy has been found to involve the country's ability to compete with others through efficient use of available natural, physical, and intellectual capital to secure resilience and sustainability of nation in sort-term, medium-term and long-term period. The research is focused on analyses of indicators of global competitiveness of world’s economies and the factors influencing, given the modern challenges faced and far-looking threats. The evaluation and comparison of the competitiveness of Ukraine and the highest performing countries according to the world rating on the base of the GCI and the WCR – 10 countries – Denmark, Germany, Hong Kong SAR, Japan, the Netherlands, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, the UAE, the USA – has been fulfilled. Strengths and weaknesses were evaluated by the method of mutual comparison. The main threats and challenges at the global and national levels are described. Consistent indicators of the leading counties’ economies in context of far-looking global risks and national challenges are scrutinized. The study uses a mixed approach, including factorial analysis and descriptive statistics. Index method developed on the base of ‘distance to frontier’ approach applied to the countries’ index ranking transformed into upward indices, is suggested to use. Future studies may explore the opportunities for optimization of national competitive advantages given global challenges, constant monitoring of the latest trends in the world economy and analysis of the impact of globalization processes on the formation of the country's competitiveness.
Analysis of Externalities of Economic Activity of the Enterprise
Authors: Kozlov Dmytro V.
Published: July 2021

The problems of research of internalities and externalities with the further development of the general classification of externalities of economic activity of the enterprise are defined. The influence of negative and positive externalities on society and enterprise is considered. The concept of negative externalities differs from transaction costs. It is noted that transaction costs can be reflected in cash and can be offset by market inclusion in the price of the products, but this is not possible for externalities. It is emphasized that the purpose of economic activity of any enterprise is to exceed the positive externalities over the negative and achieve the maximum difference between them. The different time duration of the impact of the enterprise on third parties is given. The sign of externalities on the scale of action is emphasized. The externalities of the enterprise are considered in their essence according to the principles of sustainable development, highlighting economic, social and environmental externalities. It is emphasized that economic externalities can arise in the course of the whole business cycle of full-fledged work of all parts of the enterprise. In contrast to economic, social externalities affect people both within the enterprise, that is workers and citizens of the society in which the enterprise operates. And when it comes to environmental externalities, the mediator between the source and recipient of externalities is the environment. Externalities are distinguished according to the means of accounting and the degree of influence on the subject of perception. The necessity of regulation of externalities through internalization and actions of the enterprise with the help of state and market instruments is substantiated. It is emphasized that internalization is the transformation of negative externalities into positive ones in terms of convergence of marginal costs and benefits of the enterprise to marginal social costs and utility.
Sound recordings from radio archives: the restoration of music in digits
Authors: Mazur Olexander
Published: July 2021

A holistic historical and informational analysis was conducted in the scientific context of the synergy of two systems – sound recording and radio broadcasting. Methodological support of the study was based
on the use of general scientific and special methods. Taking into account the experience of «BBC Radio 1» in creating a unique collection of sound recordings and areas of use of music collections as objects
of archival storage, the features of recording music sessions in recording studios of radio stations are revealed. The main methods of restoration, restoration and digitization of stock music phonograms of
radio broadcasting subjects are revealed. Find out which software products perform digitization tasks. The author concludes that the basis for the protection and storage of music collections of radio archives
is the organization of a system of backup and duplication of data.
Macro- and microelements in some species of marine life from the Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Stepanova Evgenia , Lugovaya Elena
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Residents of northern regions have a diet low in essential macro- and microelements. The Sea of Okhotsk is an enormous source of fish and non-fish products. We aimed to determine mineral contents in marine fish, shellfish, and algae in order to assess if they could satisfy the daily requirement for these elements through fish and non-fish consumption.

Study objects and methods. Our study objects were saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis L.), blue-headed halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides L.), commander squid (Berryteuthis magister L.), northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis L.), salted pink salmon caviar (Oncorhynchus gorbuscham L.), and kelp (Laminaria L.). The contents of 25 macro- and microelements were determined by atomic emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma.

Results and discussion. The absolute contents of macro- and microelements in the marine species were used to assess the proportion of the recommended daily requirement that they account for. Also, we performed a thorough comparative analysis of mineral quantities in the studied species of marine fish, pink salmon caviar, shellfish, and algae from the Sea of Okhotsk. Finally, we examined the elemental status of the coastal residents belonging to the “northern type” and identified their deficiencies of vital chemical elements.

Conclusion. Some chemical elements in the studied marine species from the Sea of Okhotsk (Magadan Region) satisfy over 100% of the daily human requirement for these minerals. Therefore, their products can be recommended as part of a northern diet in order to compensate for the deficiencies of certain minerals.
Vinegar extraction from unripe shikuwasa (Citrus depressa L.), an Okinawan citrus fruit
Authors: Hanagasaki Takashi
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Nakamoto Seedless, a variety of shikuwasa (Citrus depressa L.) in Okinawa, can be used to produce vinegar extracts because it has no seeds causing bitter taste. However, Nakamono Seedless is hardly cultivated commercially in Okinawa. This research was aimed to develop vinegar extract from Ogimi Kugani, another major variety of shikuwasa, and compare its characteristics with those of extracts from Nakamoto Seedless. Study objects and methods. The study featured vinegar extracts from the whole shikuwasa of Nakamoto Seedless (20% fruit) and Ogimi Kunagi (5, 10, and 20% of fruit) varieties. The fruit was harvested in June, July, and August. We tested the samples for limonin and polymethoxyflavones content and sensory attributes, especially bitterness. Results and discussion. Vinegar extracts with 20% of Ogimi Kugani harvested in June and July tasted bitter compared to those from Nakamoto Seedless harvested in August, but extracts from Ogimi Kugani harvested in August were not bitter. In addition, 5 and 10% vinegar extracts from Ogimi Kugani harvested in June had lower bitterness. The vinegar extracts from both shikuwasa varieties contained polymethoxyflavones ‒ bioactive compounds ‒ and similar flavor. Conclusion. The whole shiluwasa fruit can be used to produce vinegar drinks, Ponzu soy sauce, salad dressings, etc.
Nanostructured Ethosomal Gel Loaded with Arctostaphylosuva-Ursi
Extract; In-Vitro/In-Vivo Evaluation as a Cosmeceutical Product for Skin
Rejuvenation
Authors: Khan Haji Muhammad Shoaib , Javed Nayla , Ijaz Shakeel , Akhtar Naveed
Published: July 2021

Background:

Arctostaphylosuva-ursi(AUU) being rich in polyphenols and arbutin is
known to have promising biological activities and can be a potential candidate as a cosmaceutical.
Ethosomes encourage the formation of lamellar-shaped vesicles with improved solubility and entrapment
of many drugs including plant extracts.

Objective:

The objective of this work was to develop an optimized nanostructured ethosomal gel
formulation loaded with AUU extract and evaluated for skin rejuvenation and depigmentation.

Methods:

AUU extract was tested for phenolic and flavonoid content, radical scavenging potential,
reducing power activity, and in-vitro SPF (sun protection factor) estimation. AUU loaded 12 formulations
were prepared and characterized by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), vesicular size,
zeta potential, and Entrapment Efficiency (%EE). The optimized formulation was subjected to noninvasive
in-vivo investigations after incorporating it into the gel system and ensuring its stability
and skin permeation.

Results:

Ethosomal vesicles were spherical in shape and Zeta size, zeta potential, PDI (Polydispersity
Index), percentages of EE and in-vitro skin permeation of optimized formulation (F3) were
found to be 114.7nm, -18.9mV, 0.492,97.51±0.023%,and 79.88±0.013% respectively. AUU loaded
ethosomal gel formulation was stable physicochemically and exhibited non-Newtonian behavior
rheologically. Moreover, it significantly reduced skin erythema, melanin as well as sebum level
and improved skin hydration and elasticity.

Conclusion:

A stable AUU based ethosomal gel formulation could be a better vehicle for phytoextracts
than conventional formulations for cosmeceutical applications such as for skin rejuvenation
and depigmentation.
The Potential Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 in the Progression and
Therapy of Central Nervous System Diseases
Authors: Chen Hongxiu , Ma Di , Yue Feixue , Qi Yajie , Dou Manman , Cui Liuping , Xing Yingqi
Published: July 2021

:

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimer protein composed of an oxygenregulated
functional subunit, HIF-1α, and a structural subunit, HIF-1β, belonging to the basic helixloop-
helix family. Strict regulation of HIF-1 protein stability and subsequent transcriptional activity
involves various molecular interactions and is primarily controlled by post-transcriptional modifications.
Hypoxia, owing to impaired cerebral blood flow, has been implicated in a range of central
nervous system (CNS) diseases by exerting a deleterious effect on brain function. As a master oxygen-
sensitive transcription regulator, HIF-1 is responsible for upregulating a wide spectrum of target
genes involved in glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, and erythropoiesis to generate the adaptive response
to avoid, or at least minimize, hypoxic brain injury. However, prolonged, severe oxygen deprivation
may directly contribute to the role-conversion of HIF-1, namely, from neuroprotection to
the promotion of cell death. Currently, an increasing number of studies support the fact HIF-1 is involved
in a variety of CNS-related diseases, such as intracranial atherosclerosis, stroke, and neurodegenerative
diseases. This review article chiefly focuses on the effect of HIF-1 on the pathogenesis
and mechanism of progression of numerous CNS-related disorders by mediating the expression of
various downstream genes and extensive biological functional events and presents robust evidence
that HIF-1 may represent a potential therapeutic target for CNS-related diseases.
New Paradigm of Complete Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome with Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: Is it Reasonable in Clinical Practice?
Authors: Prastya Wikananda Adhika , Saifur Rohman Mohammad , Kurnianingsih Novi , Tri Tjahjono Cholid
Published: July 2021

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of illness and death in older adults. Around 40% to 50% of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have multiple coronary artery disease. Multiple vessel coronary disease has been shown to improve cardiac outcomes and survival in patients who have undergone complete revascularization (CR) versus patients who have undergone only incomplete revascularization (ICR). When coronary angiography and PCI of the source of the infarction are performed on patients with STEMI, the risk of adverse cardiac death or myocardial infarction is significantly reduced. Additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of PCI of non-critical lesions. However, following procedures such as CABG or PCI, these procedures may be impossible to perform due to a variety of personal, anatomical, technical, and logistical barriers. In this review, we discussed about benefit of complete revascularization in patient acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with multivessel disease and which patient can be performed aggressive revascularization to achieved CR in clinical practice.