bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spatial Context of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Associates with Improved Ovarian Cancer Survival
Authors: Steinhart Benjamin , Jordan Kimberly R. , Bapat Jaidev , Post Miriam D. , Brubaker Lindsay W. , Bitler Benjamin G. , Wrobel Julia
Published: October 2021

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. Multi-omics techniques have provided a platform for improved predictive modeling of therapy response and patient outcomes. While high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC) tumors are immunogenic and numerous studies have defined positive correlation to immune cell infiltration, immunotherapies in clinical trials have exhibited low efficacy rates. There is a significant need to better comprehend the role and composition of immune cells in mediating ovarian cancer therapeutic response and progression. We performed multiplex IHC with an HGSOC tissue microarray (n = 127) to characterize the immune cell composition within tumors. After analyzing the composition and spatial context of T cells (CD4/CD8), macrophages (CD68), and B cells (CD19) within the tumor, we found that increased B-cell and CD4 T-cell presence correlated with overall survival. More importantly, we observed that the proximity between tumor-associated macrophages and B cells or CD4 T cells significantly correlated with overall survival.

Implications:

The results highlight the antitumor role of B cells and CD4 T cells, and that the spatial interactions between immune cell types are a novel predictor of therapeutic response and patient outcomes.
“Ana Min Al-Yahud”, de Almog Behar
Authors: Gimenez Marian Gabani
Published: October 2021

A obra de Almog Behar (nascido em 1978 em Netanya, Israel) faz parte de um fenômeno cultural e artístico na sociedade israelense que vê na língua árabe, e em outras línguas judaicas, e na história dos imigrantes oriundos do Oriente Médio e do Norte da África (mizrachitas e sefaraditas) uma forma de elaborar e compreender as inquietações identitárias de uma geração de israelenses nativos, netos e filhos desses imigrantes, que cresceram em um contexto de hegemonia asquenazita. O conto “Ana min al-yahud”, em tradução inédita ao português, é uma coleção e recriação de memórias de um narrador a partir do sotaque iraquiano de seu avô. A narrativa tem o mérito de levantar mais questões do que resolvê-las, revelando as contradições da identidade israelense.
No entorno de escombros: notas acidentais sobre o trauma dos judeus de Salônica
Authors: Mordoch Gabriel
Published: October 2021

Baseando-se em fontes publicadas em inglês, francês, espanhol, judeu-espanhol (ladino), português e hebraico, este ensaio discute a Shoá (Holocausto) em Salônica (Tessalônica), Grécia, enfocando especificamente o trauma vivido pelos sobreviventes e seus descendentes. O ensaio também aborda temas ainda insuficientemente pesquisados, como a extrema pobreza entre os judeus de Thessaloniki às vésperas da Segunda Guerra Mundial, bem como a participação judaica no Exército grego na luta contra os italianos na frente albanesa em 1940-1941. Além disso, o estudo traz à luz histórias pessoais não publicadas de judeus de Thessaloniki que sobreviveram à destruição praticamente completa de sua comunidade durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial.
Um texto médico em língua portuguesa e grafia hebraica: o Neseçario (ms. Vat. ebr. 372)
Authors: Cantori Valentina
Published: October 2021

Depois de abordar o contexto da península ibérica durante a Idade Média, em que a influência da cultura islâmica se torna determinante para a produção científica coeva e posterior, falarei dos textos românicos em grafia hebraica, que caracterizam a produção manuscrita nos ambientes judaicos dessa época. Neste trabalho apresentarei os primeiros capítulos do Necessario, um tratado médico-cirúrgico que integra o códice Vat. ebr. 372 (século XV), redigido em língua portuguesa e cursivo sefardita; falarei também das fontes médicas que contribuíram para sua composição e de suas principais caraterísticas.
Subintimal Versus Intraluminal Approach for Femoropopliteal Chronic Total Occlusions Treated With Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance
Authors: Tomoi Yusuke , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Kuramitsu Shoichi , Soga Yoshimitsu , Iida Osamu , Fujihara Masahiko , Kawasaki Daizo , Ando Kenji ,   the IVORY Study Investigators
Published: October 2021

Background

The subintimal approach (SA) is widely used in endovascular therapy for femoropopliteal chronic total occlusion lesions. However, when compared with the intraluminal approach (IA), the safety and efficacy of SA in real‐world practice are not well characterized. Furthermore, there is a paucity of data on the clinical impact of subintimal and intraluminal wire passage (SWP and IWP, respectively) assessed by intravascular ultrasound.

Methods and Results

From the IVORY (Intravascular Ultrasound‐Supported Endovascular Therapy in Superficial Femoral Artery) registry, this study included 500 patients undergoing endovascular therapy for femoropopliteal chronic total occlusion lesions (SA, n=67; IA, n=433; and SWP, n=186; IWP, n=314). The primary end point was the cumulative 1‐year incidence of restenosis. The rate of perioperative complications was also assessed. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to adjust for the intergroup differences. After propensity score matching, the final study population consisted of 59 pairs (SA, n=59; IA, n=348) and 170 pairs (SWP, n=170; IWP, n=293), respectively. Cumulative 1‐year incidence of restenosis was comparable between the SA and IA groups (41.0% versus 43.4%,
P
=0.40). No significant difference in 1‐year restenosis rate between the SWP and IWP groups was observed (48.2% versus 40.8%,
P
=0.40), although the SWP group tended to be a higher rate of perioperative complications than the IWP group (8.2% versus 4.1%,
P
=0.07).

Conclusions

At 1 year, both SA and IA showed acceptable results for femoropopliteal chronic total occlusion lesions. Cumulative 1‐year incidence of restenosis was not significantly different between SWP and IWP, whereas perioperative complications occurred more frequently in SWP than in IWP.

Registration

URL:
https://www.umin.ac.jp
; Unique identifier: UMIN000020472.
Sexually dimorphic skin glands in the invasive species Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura: Ranidae)
Authors: Mancinelli Sofia Agustina Maria , Cóceres Araceli Rita , Pozzi Andrea Gabriela , Jungblut Lucas David
Published: October 2021

Males of most amphibian species possess specialized cutaneous glands, known as sexually dimorphic skin glands (SDSGs). SDSGs are usually clustered in specific body regions and are externally visible, but in some cases, external differences between males and females can be slight or absent, and the occurrence of SDSGs can only be disclosed by histological studies. Chemical signals produced by SDSGs markedly affect amphibian behaviour and reproduction, and therefore their occurrence, features, and location in the body could provide information on potential mechanisms of intraspecific communication in a particular species. In the present study, we perform light microscope (both histological and histochemical), and scanning electron microscope studies of skin samples from male and female adult specimens of the invasive bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus, covering several body regions that could hold SDSGs. Most skin areas analysed showed only ordinary granular and mucous glands despite remarkable sexual dimorphism that could be externally observed. By contrast, the male nuptial pads contained exclusively SDSGs that were hypertrophied specialized mucous glands (SMGs), closely resembling breeding glands described in other anurans. Our histochemical study revealed that these SMGs contain heterogeneous populations of secretory cells, possibly involved in pheromone production. We discuss these characteristics of the SDSGs found in L. catesbeianus, as well as the surface specialization of the nuptial pads (achieved by scanning electron microscopy) in the light of their potential role in the chemical communication in this invasive species.
Humic acid – a potential bioresource for nematode control
Authors: Nagachandrabose Seenivasan , Baidoo Richard
Published: October 2021

There is a growing interest in the use of natural products for crop production and protection. Humic acid is a well-known bioresource that intensifies soil functions and improves crop productivity. This review article provides a synopsis of the humic acid-plant-nematode association and the prospects for using humic acid as an alternative to chemical control of nematodes. Humic acid is known to have toxic and antagonistic effects against many plant-parasitic nematodes, including Meloidogyne spp., Rotylenchulus reniformis, Radopholus similis and Helicotylenchus multicinctus. The required dose for getting significant nematode control ranges from 0.04 to 2.0% concentration. Delivery methods like soil application or drenching, seedling root dip treatment and foliar spray on leaves are effective for nematode control. Humic acid controls plant-parasitic nematodes through various mechanisms including killing juveniles, inhibiting hatching, reducing nematode infectivity and reproduction, and inducing systemic resistance. Humic acid is compatible with bio-inoculants such as Azospirillum spp., phosphobacterium, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma viride, Glomus spp., Pochonia chlamydosporia, Purpureocillium lilacinum and T. asperellum. These attributes of humic acid show a promising potential for use in nematode control. However, further work on bio-efficacy against a broad spectrum of plant-parasitic nematodes is needed.
Diversity of nematodes on banana (Musa spp.) in Kenya linked to altitude and with a focus on the pathogenicity of Pratylenchus goodeyi
Authors: Nyang’au Douglas , Atandi Janet , Cortada Laura , Nchore Shem , Mwangi Maina , Coyne Danny
Published: October 2021

Bananas (Musa spp.) are considered the most important fruit crop in Kenya, grown mostly by smallholder farmers. However, in the past two decades production has declined and has largely been attributed to plant pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes. To assess the understanding and awareness that banana farmers have of nematodes, a survey was conducted. The incidence, abundance and distribution of nematodes in relation to altitude were determined for different banana types on 180 farms and the pathogenicity of Pratylenchus goodeyi, originating from three different altitudinal locations, was compared on two banana cultivars. Just 2.3% of farmers were aware of nematode damage and symptoms, none of whom applied any management measures. The highest abundance of nematodes was recorded at an altitude range of 1601-2000 m a.s.l., with Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne and Helicotylenchus being the predominant genera. Across all altitudinal locations, cooking banana had higher densities of nematodes than dessert bananas. In pots, P. goodeyi populations from Embu (1300 m a.s.l.) appeared more aggressive and with higher levels of multiplication than the population from Oyugis (1100 m a.s.l.). Cooking banana (‘Ng’ombe’) was more susceptible than dessert banana (‘Sukari Ndizi’). Nematode damage is more prominent in areas at higher altitude and on cooking banana cultivars. The findings provide key information in guiding informed and suitable management decision thresholds in relation to potential climate change.
Description of Ruehmaphelenchus taedae n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) found in Loblolly pine logs from the USA
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Fang Yiwu , Ma Xinxin , Lü Xiaoling , Chen Xianfeng
Published: October 2021

Ruehmaphelenchus taedae n. sp., isolated from Loblolly pine logs (Pinus taedae L.) from the USA, is described and figured. It is characterised by a relatively slim body (a = 42 and 43 for males and females, respectively), three lines in the lateral field, male spicules relatively small (12-18 μm) with high and dorsally bent condylus and weakly developed rostrum, bursal flap absent, short tail possessing a long terminal spike ending in a bluntly rounded tip and 8.7-13.3 μm long, vulva positioned at ca 83% of body length, vulval flap absent, vulval lips slightly protruding, post-vulval uterine branch extending for less than half of vulva to anus distance, and female tail conoid, ca 3-4 anal body diam. long, with 13.7-18.5 μm terminal projection. The new species can be separated from all other species of the genus by the male tail possessing a long terminal spike and the more anterior excretory pore. Detailed phylogenetic analysis based on 28S D2-D3 region sequences confirmed the status of this nematode as a new species.
A new species of the genus Asobara Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitic on Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting tomato in India
Authors: GUPTA ANKITA , DAVID K. J.
Published: October 2021

Asobara jenningsi Gupta sp. nov., a new parasitoid of the braconid genus, is described and illustrated from Karnataka, India. The new species is compared with all the possible closely allied species from the Oriental region.
SQER: Establishing the sciences of religion in Quebec: A work still in progress1
Authors: Koussens David , Laniel Jean-François , Perreault Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2021

This article identifies and problematizes the institutional and epistemological issues of the study of religion in Quebec. Its thesis is the unfinished foundation of the discipline that is primarily devoted to it, the social sciences of religion. The first section traces the institutional evolution of the field of study of religion in Quebec, from theology to the social sciences of religion, from faculties and departments to centers and institutes. The second section measures the progress made in the social sciences of religion since the first programs and assessments devoted to it. The authors note a growing difficulty in understanding the religion of the “center”, that of the majority of Quebecers. The third section deepens this point by drawing up a panorama of the main religious trends observed in contemporary social sciences of religions. Three related trends are identified: advanced secularization, increasing diversity and the unexpected survival of religion. In conclusion, the authors argue for the consolidation of the social sciences of religion in Quebec.
Under the Brutal Watch: A Historical Examination of Slave Patrols in the United States and Brazil During the 18th and 19th Centuries
Authors: Wilson Betty L.
Published: October 2021

Though less discussed in the literature, slave patrols played a significant role in continuing and sustaining the system of slavery. While few scholars have dedicated attention to exploring the history of slave patrols in the United States (US), there remains a dearth of research analyzing the slave patrol system in Brazil, despite the existence of slavery in this area of the African Diaspora. Using a historical perspective, this article compares and examines the establishment, function, expansion of slave patrols in the US and Brazil between the 18th and 19th centuries. This article adds to the scholarly discourse and historical literature on the experiences and conditions of enslaved people in the African diaspora (i.e., US and Brazil) under the brutal watch of slave patrols. Future research and investigation is needed to gain nuanced understanding of slave patrols not only in these two specific geographical regions, but globally across the African diaspora.
Improvising on Emotion Terms: Students’ Strategies, Emotional Communication, and Aesthetic Value
Authors: Huovinen Erkki , Keipi Aaro
Published: October 2021

Studies in musical improvisation show that musicians and even children are able to communicate intended emotions to listeners at will. To understand emotional expressivity in music as an art form, communicative success needs to be related to improvisers’ thought processes and listeners’ aesthetic judgments. In the present study, we used retrospective verbal protocols to address college music students’ strategies in improvisations based on emotion terms. We also subjected their improvisations to expert ratings in terms of heard emotional content and aesthetic value. A qualitative analysis showed that improvisers used both generative strategies (expressible in intramusical terms) and imaginative, extramusical strategies when approaching the improvisation tasks. The clarity of emotional communication was found to be high overall, and linear mixed-effects models showed that it was supported by generative approaches. However, perceived aesthetic value was unrelated to such emotional clarity. Instead, aesthetic value was associated with emotional complexity, here defined as the heard presence of “nonintended” emotions. The results point toward a view according to which the expressive content of improvisation gets specified and personalized during the very act of improvisation itself. Arguably, musical expressivity in improvisation should not be equated with the error-free communication of previously intended emotional categories.
An Italian Validation of ABILHAND-Kids for Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Tofani Marco , Blasetti Giulia , Lucibello Luca , Berardi Anna , Galeoto Giovanni , Sabbadini Maurizio , Santecchia Luigino , Castelli Enrico
Published: October 2021

Limitations in hand function are common among children with cerebral palsy (CP), with almost 50% presenting an arm–hand dysfunction. However, there is no standardized assessment tool available in Italian for evaluating bimanual performance for this population. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of an Italian translation of the ABILHAND-Kids (ABILHAND-Kids-IT) among children with CP. We examined internal consistency using Cronbach’s Alpha and Omega coefficients, and we investigated test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). We performed explorative factor analysis (EFA) to investigate structural validity. We calculated Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the ABILAND-Kids IT and the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) to assess criterion validity; and, to demonstrate the score variability of the ABILHAND-Kids-IT, we used analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to compare the 181 children with CP in this sample with their levels on the MACS. We enrolled 181 children with CP in the study. EFA confirmed a uni-dimensional scale. We obtained internal consistency on both Cronbach’s Alpha and Omega coefficient of 0.98, and a one-week test-retest reliability analysis revealed an ICC with 95% of confidence interval of .992. The ANOVA revealed significant score variability ( p < 0.01) and the Pearson correlation coefficient comparing the ABILHAND-Kids-It score with the MACS was –0.929 ( p < 0.01). We conclude that the ABILHAND-Kids-IT is valid and reliable for use with Italian children with CP.
Why Change a Winning Team? Explaining Post-Election Cabinet Reshuffles in Four Westminster Democracies
Authors: Fleming Thomas G
Published: October 2021

Incumbent prime ministers who win re-election often reshuffle their cabinet ministers. These post-election cabinet reshuffles have important implications for policymaking and present a puzzle: why would prime ministers alter the ‘winning team’ that has just received an electoral mandate? Existing literature has largely overlooked post-election reshuffles, so offers few compelling answers. At most, a plausible but under-theorised and untested conventional wisdom suggests that electoral success increases prime ministers’ authority over their ministers. This article thus provides the first systematic study of post-election cabinet reshuffles in single-party governments. It argues that re-elected prime ministers use a temporary increase in their authority to pre-empt future leadership challenges by moving or sacking cabinet rivals. Larger election victories should thus produce larger reshuffles. However, analysis of post-election cabinet reshuffles in four ‘Westminster’ democracies since 1945 shows no support for this expectation, suggesting that further work is needed to understand these important political events.
Political Legitimacy as an Existential Predicament
Authors: Fossen Thomas
Published: October 2021

This essay contributes to developing a new approach to political legitimacy by asking what is involved in judging the legitimacy of a regime from a practical point of view. It is focused on one aspect of this question: the role of identity in such judgment. I examine three ways of understanding the significance of identity for political legitimacy: the foundational, associative, and agonistic picture. Neither view, I claim, persuasively captures the dilemmas of judgment in the face of disagreement and uncertainty about who “I” am and who “we” are. I then propose a composite, pragmatic picture. This view casts the question of political legitimacy as an existential predicament: it is fundamentally a question about who you are—both as a person and as a member of collectives. The pragmatic picture integrates rational, prudential, and ethical qualities of good judgment that were heretofore associated with mutually exclusive ways of theorizing legitimacy. It also implies that the question of legitimacy cannot be resolved philosophically.
Ioudaismos and ioudaizō in Paul and the Galatian Controversy: An Examination of Supposed Positions
Authors: Gil Arbiol Carlos
Published: October 2021

The use of ἰουδαϊσμός in the literature of the Second Temple period until Paul’s time suggests a more specific meaning than Judaism in general and points to a perception of it under siege and in need of defence. Additionally, the verb ἰουδαΐζω describes the inclinations of non-Jews to the Jewish way of life. Both terms reflect two different ideas of Israel: one segregated from all other peoples, the other porous and more flexible. These ideas were at odds by the end of the Second Temple period and held by the groups of believers in Christ. Read in the foil of that conflict, the controversies that Paul faces in the letter to the Galatians show the continuity and discontinuity of his life after the revelation of the Son, and explain why he considered himself a faithful Judean but no longer ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ.
Touch-Avoidance and Touch-Seeking in Non-intimate Relationships: The Null Effects of Sightedness
Authors: Sorokowska Agnieszka , Stefańczyk Michal Mikolaj , Płachetka Justyna , Dudojć Olga , Ziembik Krzysztof , Chabin Dominika , Croy Ilona
Published: October 2021

People differ in their touch preferences and in the ways in which they touch others. People who are blind are particularly sensitive to tactile stimulation as a result of sensory compensation, and sense of touch can support their interpersonal communication. In the article presented here, we aimed to explore whether visual status predicts preferences for touch behaviors involving strangers; specifically, we examined touch-seeking and touch-avoidance in non-intimate interpersonal situations. Our study, whose participants comprised 43 individuals with congenital blindness, 53 individuals with adventitious blindness, and 47 sighted controls, showed that visual status does not predict touch-seeking or social touch-avoidance. We also observed similar gender differences in all participating groups, with women avoiding social touch more than men in non-intimate interpersonal situations involving strangers.
Happiness Singled Out: Bidirectional Associations Between Singlehood and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Oh Jeewon , Chopik William J. , Lucas Richard E.
Published: October 2021

Despite constituting a large portion of society, single people—and their satisfaction with singlehood and life—are rarely examined in their own right. How happy are single people and does their happiness change over time? In 3,439 people followed over 10 years, we found that people reported being more satisfied than not, but both singlehood satisfaction and life satisfaction declined over time. Older adults, men, and highly educated people, and people with worse health reported lower singlehood satisfaction. Constrained random-intercept cross-lagged panel models suggested that singlehood and life satisfaction had lagged bidirectional influences with each other. Results are discussed in the context of the origins of singlehood satisfaction and life satisfaction.
Coalition-making under conditions of ideological mismatch: The populist solution
Authors: Aslanidis Paris
Published: October 2021

This article problematizes how non-spatial factors facilitate the formation of extraordinary ideologically mismatched government coalitions. An intensive case study analysis of the SYRIZA–ANEL governments in Greece (2015–2019) suggests that a shared symbolic discourse directed against mainstream contenders allowed elite actors with widely disparate programmatic commitments to circumvent rigid constraints imposed by minimal range theory. Under conditions of acute polarization and socioeconomic upheaval owing to the Greek sovereign debt crisis, a strategic use of populist anti-bailout discourse upset the usual order of party competition along spatial dimensions, fostering cross-ideological cohabitation at the executive level between the radical-left SYRIZA and the radical-right ANEL for a total of four years. However, an office-seeking approach based on a populist symbolic framework to represent salient grievances cannot fully eliminate policy dissension. Once core ideological commitments become explicitly challenged, inelastic policy-oriented factions and voting blocs may ultimately precipitate the expiration of the populist coalition.
Aortic valve replacement using Konno procedure for prior Yasui procedure
Authors: Nakayama Yuki , Iwata Yusuke , Kuwahara Takashi , Kuwabara Naoki , Omoya Kentaro , Takeuchi Takamasa
Published: October 2021

A 2-year-old girl underwent conversion to the Konno procedure by removing the Damus–Kaye–Stansel anastomosis after the neonatal Yasui procedure for an interrupted aortic arch with left ventricular outflow tract stenosis. Her postoperative course was uneventful. However, left ventricular outflow tract restenosis occurred due to narrowed ventricular septal defect and moderate neoaortic regurgitation from the old pulmonary valve. The Konno procedure was performed by removing the Damus–Kaye–Stansel anastomosis for left ventricular outflow tract restenosis and neoaortic regurgitation and performing right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction and ventricular septal defect closure. Left ventricular outflow tract restenosis was not observed.
Companionship and Sexual Issues in the Aging Population
Authors: Ramesh Abhishek , Issac Thomas Gregor , Mukku Shiva Shanker Reddy , Sivakumar Palanimuthu T.
Published: October 2021

Loneliness and social isolation are significant public health crises in older adults. The issues about companionship have many psychosocial and cultural dimensions, which is further compounded by the current COVID-19 pandemic. In modern-day India, there is a significant increase in the number of older adults left to live alone because of sociocultural changes in our society. Companionship in late life is known to promote the quality of life and decrease the mental health morbidity. There is an increasing role of pets as companions to the elderly. Novel technologies such as artificial intelligence in the form of robots are being explored to support the elderly. Sexuality is another complex issue related to older adults that is often ignored. The sexuality and sexual functioning in older adults largely depend on physiological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. The principles of ageism have influenced sexuality in older adults. Sociocultural issues and the aging-related pathophysiological changes can contribute to an increased risk for legal issues related to sexuality in this population. There is a need for more systematic research into the multifaceted concept of companionship and sexuality in the older adult population. This review article addresses these two distinct subjects separately.
Maintaining Normative Functioning Alongside Drug Use: The Recognition of Harms and Adoption of Change Strategies
Authors: Chassid-Segin Moran , Gueta Keren , Ronel Natti
Published: October 2021

The current study examined drug users’ perspectives on strategies that helped them to maintain normative functioning or resolve impaired functioning. We interviewed 29 drug users who described themselves as functioning normatively while using drugs on a regular basis until they experienced harms or raised concerns of future harms. The content analysis showed that the users maintain their normative functioning through diverse strategies that can be located on a continuum. This continuum was conceptualized as “normative functioning management” based on White et al.’s concept of “recovery management.” This study found an ongoing continuum through self-management and social interaction consisting of three regions: the management of normative functioning, the recognition of the harm of drug use to functioning, and the subsequent adoption of change strategies for maintaining normative functioning. This continuum may provide a more nuanced theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of drug users with normative functioning and is therefore relevant for counselors encountering such users in their practice. This study highlights inner resources such as self-awareness and social interaction that help functioning users to maintain their normative functioning and fulfill basic obligations in their normal routines, that is, preserving their professional status, family lives, and relationships.
Betting Against the Odds: The Mysterious Case of the Clinical Override in Risk Assessment of Adult Convicted Offenders
Authors: Frechette Julien , Lussier Patrick
Published: October 2021

Various tools were designed to guide practitioners in the risk assessment of offenders, including the Level of Service and Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI). This instrument is based on risk assessment principles prioritizing the actuarial approach to clinical judgment. However, the tool’s architects allowed subjective judgment from the practitioners—referred to as clinical override—to modify an offender’s risk category under certain circumstances. Few studies, however, have examined these circumstances. Therefore, the current study used decision tree analyses among a quasi-population of Quebec offenders ( n = 15,744) to identify whether there are offenders more likely to be subjected to this discretion based on their characteristics. The results suggest that, although the override is rare, it occurred under few specific combinations of circumstances. More precisely, these findings propose that the utilization of the clinical override stems from a perceived discrepancy between risk prediction and management.
Sex Differences in Inmates: Anger, Sensitivity to Provocation and Family History of Imprisonment
Authors: Bodecka-Zych Marta , Zajenkowska Anna , Bower Russa Mary
Published: October 2021

Little research has explored the role of aggression, anger, and family history of incarceration as they relate to female offenders. The current study aimed to address this gap in the literature by investigating these possible risk factors for incarceration among both men and women. The survey involved 123 (61 female and 62 male) prisoners convicted for violent crimes and a comparison group of 118 (60 female and 58 male) adults from the community. We found that women (convicted and non-convicted) were more sensitive to provocation than men, while community adults showed higher levels of trait anger than prisoners. Detainees were more likely than community adults to have a relative in prison. Although male and female inmates were equally likely to have a relative in prison, they differed in their relation to the imprisoned relative. Male and female prisoners showed increased risk for incarceration of same sex, first degree relatives (father and brothers for men, and mothers for women). These results may contribute to improved understanding of incarcerated populations. As such, this represents a critical first step in creating recovery programs that are more gender appropriate.
Community-informed, integrated, and coordinated care through a community-level model: A narrative synthesis on community hubs
Authors: Manis Derek R. , Bielska Iwona A. , Cimek Kelly , Costa Andrew P.
Published: October 2021

We identify the core services included in a community hub model of care to improve the understanding of this model for health leaders, decision-makers in community-based organizations, and primary healthcare clinicians. We searched Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google from 2000 to 2020 to synthesize original research on community hubs. Eighteen sources were assessed for quality and narratively synthesized (n = 18). Our analysis found 4 streams related to the service delivery in a community hub model of care: (1) Chronic disease management; (2) mental health and addictions; (3) family and reproductive health; and (4) seniors. The specific services within these streams were dependent upon the needs of the community, as a community hub model of care responds and adapts to evolving needs. Our findings inform the work of health leaders tasked with implementing system-level transformations towards community-informed models of care.
Wear behavior of tool flank in the side milling of Ti6Al4V: An analytical model and experimental validation
Authors: Yue Caixu , Li Xiaochen , Liu Xianli , Du Jianbiao , Liang Steven Y. , Wang Lihui , Sun Yujing
Published: October 2021

Due to the poor machinability of Ti6Al4V material, the cutting tool can easily suffer flank wear during the process of high-speed side milling, which reduces the tool life as well as the surface integrity of workpiece. Further, an effective method for predicting the flank wear of end mill during side milling of Ti6Al4V is lacking in the existing literature, which makes it difficult to improve the productivity of the overall process. To this end, in this study, a flank wear prediction model is constructed based on three main mechanisms: abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and diffusive wear. Subsequently, a normal stress model and temperature field model of wear land on the flank of end mill are established. Finally, these two models are incorporated in the flank wear model to obtain the variation rate of wear land width, which is regarded as a criterion to evaluate the reliability of the proposed flank wear prediction model of side mill. The prediction results are found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results, which verifies the high prediction accuracy of the proposed model. Overall, this model can serve as a useful theoretical basis for the rational selection of tool geometry and cutting parameters.
An adaptive tracking control method for the all-wheel-driving and active-steering articulated vehicle with n-units
Authors: Zhang Dehua , Yang Caijin , Zhang Weihua , Cheng Yao
Published: October 2021

To achieve the running control of the all-wheel-driving and active-steering articulated vehicles (AWDASAVs) with n-units, an adaptive tracking control method is proposed in this paper, which includes a real-time target trajectory generation and an adaptive tracking control system. Firstly, the AWDASAV kinematics model is derived, and then the front-axle trace as the target trajectory is computed for all rear-axle steering by using data compressing and filtering, coordinate transformation, and local spline differences, which has small data storage and high computational efficiency and makes it easier to use in AWDASAV. Secondly, an adaptive tracking control system composed of an adaptive active steering controller and a differential distribution controller is designed to achieve accurate trajectory tracking and coordinated movement for AWDASAV. Finally, the AWDASAV simulation model with five-units was built in ADAMS by code development for cross-validation simulation, and the simulations with two cases at various speeds are carried out to verify the simulation model and control method. To further investigate the proposed method, the influence of three parameters on the tracking control performance and comparison with different control methods are carried out. The results exhibit excellent tracking control performance.
Potential Role of Yoga in the Management of Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Tekur Padmini , Metri Kashinath G. , Mohanty Sriloy , Singh Amit , Nagaratna Raghuram
Published: October 2021

Background:

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory spondyloarthropathy with unclear pathogenesis. The inflammatory pain in AS leads to restricted spinal mobility and significant disability. Yoga is a nonpharmacological intervention that has positive effects on various musculoskeletal-related problems. However, its role in AS is unknown.

Objective:

The present retrospective study assessed the efficacy of a two-week residential yoga intervention on spinal flexibility among AS patients.

Methods:

The records for 24 male AS patients within the age range 30 to 50 years (average age 38.3 ± 10.5 years) who underwent a two-week residential yoga retreat between 2015 and 2020 were obtained from a yoga center located in South India. Yoga intervention consisted of yoga postures, breathing practices, meditation, a healthy diet, and devotional sessions. Pre and Post data of the sit-and-reach test, blood pressure, heart rate, and symptom score were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

Results:

Compared to the baseline, the post scores of the sit-and-reach test, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were found to be significantly ( P < .05) lower. The symptom score and analgesic medication score also showed significant improvement after two-weeks compared to the baseline.

Conclusion:

This retrospective study indicates the positive impact of on and analgesic use among AS patients. However, additional studies using robust research designs are warranted.
DMSO Delays Alzheimer Disease Causing Aβ-induced Paralysis in C. elegans Through Modulation of Glutamate/Acetylcholine Neurotransmission
Authors: Sadananda Girish , Velmurugan Janaki Devi , Subramaniam Jamuna R.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disease with progressive dementia and neurotransmission (NT)-dysfunction-related complications in older adults, is known to be caused by abnormal Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and associated amyloid plaques in the brain. Drugs to cure AD are not in sight. Two major excitatory neurotransmitters, glutamate (Glu) and acetylcholine (ACh), and their signaling systems are implicated in AD.

Objective:

To determine the effect of various NT-altering compounds including fenobam, quisqualic acid, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the protection against Aβ toxicity. Further, to identify the potential mechanism through which the protection happens.

Methods:

The well-known C. elegans AD model, CL4176, in which human Aβ expression is turned on upon a temperature shift to 25 °C that leads to paralysis, was screened for protection/delay in paralysis because of Αβ toxicity. While screening the compounds, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a universal solvent used to solubilize compounds, was identified to provide protection. Aldicarb and levamisole assays were performed to identify the contribution of ACh neurotransmission in Αβ toxicity protection by DMSO.

Results:

One percent and two percent DMSO delayed paralysis by 48% and 90%, respectively. DMSO was dominant over one of the Glu-NT pathway-related compounds, Fenobam-Group I mGluR antagonist. But DMSO provided only 30% to 50% protection against Quisqualic acid, the Glu-agonist. DMSO (2%) delayed ACh-NT, both presynaptic acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (AchEi)-aldicarb and postsynaptic-iAChR-agonst-levamisole induced paralysis, by ∼70% in CL4176. DMSO seems to be altering Ca2+ ion permeability essential for NT as EthyleneDiamine Tetra-Acetic acid (EDTA) and DMSO provided similar aldicarb resistance either combined or alone in wildtype worms. But postsynaptic Ca2+ depletion by EDTA could reverse DMSO-induced levamisole hypersensitivity. Surprisingly, the absence of FOrkhead boXO (FOXO) transcription factor homolog, daf-16 (loss-of-function mutant), a critical transcription factor in the reduced IIS-mediated longevity in C. elegans, abolished DMSO-mediated AldR.

Conclusion:

DMSO and Fenobam protect against Aβ toxicity through modulation of NT.
Politicising digital labour through the politics of body
Authors: Kim Changwook , Lee Sangkyu
Published: October 2021

By analysing the recent emerging labour movement of Korean digital game workers, this article seeks to explore a relatively novel issue – the importance of a politics of body in digital labour. By employing Elaine Scarry’s concept of ‘language of agency’ and ‘analogical substantiation’, the article first investigates how digital game workers express their work experiences and their embodied pain by analysing the mechanism of ‘crunch’ practice. Second, by examining ‘karoshi (overwork to death)’ and a series of suicides of digital game workers in Korea, it seeks to explore the problem of death as the final form of bodily pain – focusing on how these death events led workers to develop new forms of politics and solidarity by organising labour unions. Finally, by analysing the newly established digital game worker unions’ opposition to the violation of worktime regulation as a ‘struggle for recognition’, this research illuminates how digital game workers not only acquire self-respect but also achieve social recognition for their bodies as working labour. By examining this labour union organisation practice in Korea, the study ultimately argues that recognising the politics of body in digital labour offers the possibility that an emerging social category of precariat can actually co-exist and connect with the existing social class of proletariat.
Curriculum Adaptation for Blended Learning in Resource-Scarce Contexts
Authors: Ngoasong Michael Zisuh
Published: October 2021

Drawing on three action research case studies involving several African universities, this article critically explores how academics converted their previously pure classroom-based courses for delivery through blended learning. The case studies reflect resource-scarce contexts where limited access to digital technology and the internet poses unique challenges to universities seeking to scale-up management education to the geographically distant and culturally diverse student population. Results from analyzing the case studies, through the concept of curriculum adaptation, were drawn upon to develop a theoretical framework for use by academics planning to transition from face-to-face to blended learning environments. The article uncovers the difficulties of, and opportunities for, creating learning communities that enable classroom-based, face-to-face teaching to be blended with online learning in ways that foster locally relevant, purposive interactions among academics and students, while scaling-up access to management education. The article concludes with a discussion of opportunities for management educators to introduce online learning in their existing classroom-based management courses.
Influence of ultrasound application on the microbiota of raw goat milk and some food pathogens including Brucella melitensis
Authors: Tavsanli H , Aydin M , Ede Z A , Cibik R
Published: October 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the detrimental effect of ultrasound application, as an alternative to pasteurization, on raw goat milk microorganisms and some food pathogens including Brucella melitensis. For this purpose, six different ultrasound applications with a power of 20 kHz at 100%, 50% and 10% amplitudes with or without pulsation were practiced. Colour changes as an increase in brightness (L-value) and decrease in yellow colour value (b-value) were determined in either pasteurized or ultrasonified groups. The most efficient detrimental effect on bacteria was obtained at 100% amplitudes (III and IV group). In these groups, decrease of TAMB, coliforms, streptococci, lactobacilli, yeast and mould counts were 6.52, 6.27, 5.31, 5.61, 5.27 and 4.02 log cfu/ml respectively in raw milk. Inactivation of food pathogens Brucella melitensis type 3, Salmonella Typhimirium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus inoculated in goat milk was approximately 99%, which was as efficient as HTST and LTLT pasteurization process. Consequently, ultrasound applications can be an alternative to heat processes in dairy since effective bacterial inactivation could be attained in a relatively economic and environmentally friendly way.
Combined Cardiopulmonary Assessments Using Impedance and Digital Implants in Conscious Freely Moving Cynomolgus Monkeys, Beagle Dogs, and Göttingen Minipigs: Pharmacological Characterization and Social Housing Effects
Authors: Boulay Emmanuel , Troncy Eric , Pugsley Michael , St-Pierre Joey , Downey Anne-Marie , Smutova Viktoria , Guerrier Mireille , Maghezzi Said , Authier Simon
Published: October 2021

Respiratory monitoring, using impedance with implanted telemetry in socially housed animals, was not possible until the recent development of digital signal transmission. The objective of this study was to evaluate digital telemetry monitoring of cardiopulmonary parameters (respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute volume, electrocardiography (DII), systemic arterial blood pressure, physical activity, and body temperature) in conscious, single-housed, non-rodent species commonly used in toxicology studies following administration of positive/negative controls (saline, dexmedetomidine, morphine, amphetamine, and doxapram), and also, the effects of various social housing arrangements in untreated female and/or male cynomolgus monkeys, Beagle dogs, and Göttingen minipigs (n = 4 per species). Aggressions were observed in socially housed male minipigs, however, which prevented pair-housed assessments in this species. All tested pharmacological agents significantly altered more than one organ system, highlighting important inter-organ dependencies when analyzing functional endpoints. Stress-related physiological changes were observed with single-housing or pair-housing with a new cage mate in cynomolgus monkeys and Beagle dogs, suggesting that stable social structures are preferable to limit variability, especially around dosing. Concomitant monitoring of cardiovascular and respiratory parameters from the same animals may help reduce the number of animals (3 Rs) needed to fulfill the S7A guidelines and allows for identification of organ system functional correlations. Globally, the data support the use of social housing in non-rodents for safety pharmacology multi-organ system (heart and lungs) monitoring investigations.
Effects of inverted L2/Ln language pedagogy on student experiences and outcomes: The case of American Sign Language
Authors: Cripps Jody H. , Rosen Russell S. , Cooper Sheryl B. , Fenicle Ronald , Sever-Hall Aimee
Published: October 2021

Second language (L2) learning has largely occurred in the traditional lecture-based classroom setting. Studies show that the lecture format has an impact on student outcomes and perceptions of classroom learning. Negative impacts include insufficient time for reinforcement activities, reviewing lecture materials, and engaging in conversation between instructors and students. An innovative way to enhance L2 students’ classroom outcomes and perceptions is the inverted classroom pedagogy. This study assesses whether the inverted pedagogy leads to more positive student perspectives and higher student outcomes compared to traditional pedagogy in L2 classrooms in American Sign Language (ASL). In this study, student outcomes and instructor and student perceptions of inverted pedagogy for ASL are assessed using a mixed method design with one controlled (traditional) and one experimental (inverted) advanced ASL class in a post-secondary setting. Results suggest that the inverted pedagogy is an approach that is as viable as the traditional approach for teaching and learning ASL as an L2 that enables students to engage in meaningful activities and conversations.