bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Still Trying: Cause Lawyering for the Poor and Disadvantaged in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Authors: Kilwein John
Published: November 2023

I’ve been around a long time, and it’s getting harder and harder to do this work. Judges, juries, really society in general, are getting more conservative. They don’t like my clients. They think [the clients] are morally wrong. It’s as though their very existence is an ugly intrusion into good, wholesome middle-class America. Then there’s the business of it. I have to pay the bills, meet the payroll, and think about my kids’ tuition. But I’m still trying. Because if I didn’t, I just don’t know if I’d like being a lawyer or even a member of this society.
Caring about Individual Cases: Immigration Lawyering in Britain
Authors: Sterett Susan
Published: November 2023

If any political change through litigation is possible at all, it often seems to require some form of institutionalized rights, that is, binding statements of duties owed to individuals, along with an organization that has the power to enforce them despite what majoritarian institutions might say. In the United States, law and society scholars have pointed out the difficulty of institutionalizing rights. Because effective rights often require coordination among complex and multiple organizations that do not necessarily agree with the substance of enforceable rights, rights do not have the bite in fields as wide-ranging as employment discrimination and school desegregation that Americans might expect in a rights-based political system. Still less would we expect ordinary statutory rights to matter in a system such as Britain’s, which does not have institutionalized fundamental rights. Institutionalizing fundamental principles has become an international issue, despite all the difficulties of getting such rights enforced.
Lawyers’ Causes in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Lev Daniel
Published: November 2023

The principal cause at issue in this essay is one dear to private lawyers every where-the rule of law itself.1 In Indonesia and Malaysia the private legal professions have produced activists in about the same proportion, most likely, as most other countries. In trying circumstances they defend political detainees, represent issues of human rights, challenge unsympathetic governments, and organize persistent efforts on behalf of imperiled citizens. As they do so, an associated concern is often at play in which many other lawyers not much inclined to cause work and a crowd of laymen have a stake. This other claim to effective legal process emerges from an amalgam of professional interest and ideological commitment-favorable working conditions for private lawyers but also a supportive concept of state, in pursuit of which committed advocates have fought hard against tough odds.
Cause Lawyers and Social Movements: A Comparative Perspective on Democratic Change in Argentina and Brazil
Authors: Meili Stephen
Published: November 2023

This chapter explores the relationship between cause lawyers2 and grassroots popular movements in Argentina and Brazil. I selected these two countries for such a comparative study for several reasons, aside from their obvious geographic proximity: first, each has endured a period of military rule during at least part of the last four decades (1964-85 in Brazil; 1976-82 in Argentina), which had serious implications-but also presented certain opportunities-for cause lawyers; second, each has undergone a transition from that military rule to democratic consolidation over the past two decades, which permitted an opening for cause lawyering; third, each has active grassroots social movements in both urban and rural sectors; and fourth, each has a long tradition of a no independent and bureaucratic judiciary, which has rendered traditional forms of lawyering of limited use to many cause lawyers.
The Devil’s Mousetrap
Authors: Munk Linda
Published: November 2023

The Devil’s Mousetrap approaches the thought of three colonial New England divines--Increase Mather, Jonathan Edwards, and Edward Taylor--from the perspective of literary theory. Author Linda Munk focuses on the background of these men’s ideas and on the sources from which they drew, both directly and indirectly, in framing their theology. She notes that the language used in the pulpit by Mather, Edwards, and Taylor is full of allusions to the Bible and Apocrypha, to Puritan treatises, and to post-biblical exegesis, Jewish and Christian. Munk proceeds to elucidate many allusions that have, for the most part, proved to be unclear to contemporary readers, in order to provide essential insights into the construction of Puritan theology.
Iracema
Authors: Alencar José De
Published: November 2023

Green, impetuous seas of my native land, where the jandaia sings amid the carnauba fronds: Green seas, that gleam with liquid emerald in the rays of the rising sun, skirting alabaster beaches shaded by coconut trees: Be still, green seas, and softly caress the raging wave so the intrepid boat may calmly float above the waters.
The Last Passage
Authors: Heinz Donald
Published: November 2023

Is death merely the cessation of life? Are our final years simply a wearing out of the body? Are hospitals and funeral homes, the bureaucratic machinery of death, capable of handling the profound spiritual dimension of dying? In The Last Passage, Donald Heinz offers wise answers to these questions in a book that urges us to “recover a death of our own” and to view our final years as a fulfilment, a “last career”. Despite the recent spate of books on death and dying, death remains a fact our culture tries desperately to ignore. In other times and in other cultures, preparing for death was seen as an important spiritual task, perhaps the most important task of our lives. Heinz argues that we can reconceive of death, reinvest it with meaning, and save it from becoming a meaningless biological event. Seeking appropriate models for such a reconstruction, Heinz offers a fascinating overview of the many ways death has been envisioned and ritualized throughout human history, from the Tibetan Book of the Dead to 15th century Christian ars moriendi--manuals on the art of dying--and from Jean Paul Sartre to Elizabeth Kubler-Ross. He also surveys the more recent contributions of psychologists, anthropologists, cultural critics, and death awareness advocates, whose efforts have largely failed to integrate death into a larger human story and the larger human community. Finally, Heinz shows us how we might create rituals through the use of music, visual arts, dance, drama, and language that would enable us to approach death with reverence, as the spiritual consummation of our lives.
Sewing Connections: Elizabeth Tudor, Mary Stuart, Elizabeth Talbot, and Seventeenth-Century Anonymous Needleworkers
Authors: Frye Susan
Published: November 2023

Material Objects Are Providing new means to recover the alliances of early modern women. Women’s domestic needlework, for example, reveals political and imaginative interconnections among women as they worked within but also sought to expand the prevalent social and symbolic economies of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England. For highly visible, highly placed women like Elizabeth Tudor, Mary Queen of Scots, and Elizabeth Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury (“Bess of Hardwick”) in the sixteenth century, and for thousands of largely anonymous women of the merchant and gentry classes in the seventeenth century who painstakingly imitated the possessions of the wealthy, needlework provided the means to perpetuate, use, and even cautiously restructure the cultural category of “woman” from within a community of women. Women responded to the unchanging injunction to perform domestic needlework1 by evolving a subculture within which patterns and pictures articulated their lives. These patterns---such as the busy bee of the community worker or the strawberry of generation--and picturesoften of Diana and Actaeon, Lucrece, Judith, and Esther-formed visual expressions of narratives offering alternatives to the passivity, privacy, and silence that needlework was supposed to enforce.
The Antecedents Of Encounter Dialogue In Chinese Ch’An Buddhism
Authors: Mcrae John R
Published: November 2023

Why are descriptions of Ch’an practice, both medieval and modern, so dominated by dialogues, narratives, and orality? Where other schools of Buddhism may be described in terms of relatively succinct lists of doctrines and practices-four of this, eight of that, a dash of ritual, a measure of selfcultivation-it seems that the only way to describe Ch’an is by a succession of narratives: to explain the Ch’an emphasis on understanding the mind, tell the story of Hui-k’o cutting off his hand to hear the teachings from Bodhidharma; to explain Ch’an’s attitude toward seated meditation, recount how Huai-jang prodded Ma-tsu by pretending to grind a tile into a mirror; to explain how true spiritual understanding goes beyond words, describe Huang-po and Linchi prancing through their unique combination of fist and shout. This is not just the odd proclivity of medieval Chinese; Ikkyu’s sojourn under the Nij6 bridge in Kyoto is just one example from medieval Japanese Zen. And one can hardly read a page of twentieth-century writings on Zen without encountering the use of story as explanatory device. The most notable practitioner of this strategy is of course D. T. Suzuki, whose standard approach is effectively to write that “Zen is such-and-such, and let me tell a few stories that exemplify what I mean,” with little or no real attempt at explanation. And in virtually all of these stories the direct words are put in the mouths of enlightened Zen masters. Why, in the explanation of Zen Buddhism, is there such an emphasis on dialogues, narratives, and orality?
Visions, Divisions, Revisions The Encounter between Iconoclasm and Supernaturalism in Kōan Cases about Mount Wu-t’ai
Authors: Heine Steven
Published: November 2023

This chapter examines the role of popular religiosity expressed in several koans dealing with the sacred mountain: Mount Wu-t’ai or Wu-t’ai-shan (J. Godaizan), especially case 35 in the Pi-yen lu (J. Hekiganroku) collection of 1128, along with an alternative version in the Ch’ing dynasty collection, the Yuhsuan yii-lu (J. Gosen goroku), in addition to case 31 in the Wu-men kuan (J. Mumonkan) that is similar to case IO in the Ts’ung-jung lu (J. Shoyoroku) as well as Pi-yen lu case 24. The Pi-yen lu koan (see appendix to this chapter for a complete translation) focuses on a specific hieratic locale infused with cosmological symbolism. Mount Wu-t’ai, believed to be the earthly abode of MafijusrI (C. Wen-shu, J. Monju), was a primary pilgrimage site for popular, especially esoteric, Buddhism, where seekers traveled to attain visions of the bodhisattva of wisdom (prajiia), who often revealed himself either in a majestic way as a blazing ball of light or a youthful prince riding astride a flying golden-haired lion amid multicolored clouds, or in covert fashion as a beggar or old man mysteriously wandering the slopes.
Koan History Transformative Language In Chinese Buddhist Thought
Authors: Wright Dale S
Published: November 2023

What are koans? Prior to its metaphorical extension into the realm of religious practice, the Chinese character combination kung-an referred to “public records” that document the precedent established by previous legal judgment. Just as the records of the legal tradition place into the public domain cases manifesting the criteria and principles of justice, the “public records” of the Ch’an tradition announce the criteria and principles of “awakening:’ As the Extensive Record of Master Chung-Jeng (discussed in depth in chapter I by Foulk and chapter 4 Ishii) extends the analogy, “the so-called venerable masters of Zen are the chief officials of the public law courts of the monastic community, as it were, and their words on the transmission of Zen and their collections of sayings are the case records of points that have been vigorously advocated:” In the same way that “public records” limit both the waywardness of the law and its arbitrariness, the “public records” of Ch’an “awakening” were thought to preserve the identity of enlightenment over time and to render refutable the assertions of impostors. Thus the Chung-Jeng lu repeatedly, as if to insist on the point, declares that “the word kung, or ‘public,’ means that the koans put a stop to private understanding; the word an, or ‘case records,’ means that they are guaranteed to accord with the buddhas and patriarchs!’ Parallel guarantees are offered by the text in both legal and religious domains: When “public records” are in order, both “the Kingly Way” and “the Buddha Way” “will be well ordered:’ The Confucian rhetoric behind these assertions is certainly not accidental. Its intention is publicly to establish the kung-an as a set of standards-weights and measures-in juxtaposition to which all claims to religious attainment could be discernfully judged.
Rights, Polarization, and Backlash, 1966-1967
Authors: Patterson James T
Published: November 2023

Although the war in Vietnam shook the optimism of liberals who had imagined that a New Frontier and a Great Society would transform the United States, it was but one of many sources of backlash, as it came to be called, that gathered strength after 1965 and polarized the nation. The roots of the backlash, while varied, sprang mainly from divisions of race and class. They were so deep that they would almost surely have fragmented the nation even in the absence of military escalation.
That the People Might Live
Authors: Weaver Jace
Published: November 2023

In this book Weaver looks at Native American literature in order to reflect on Native American values and spirituality. In 500 years of contact and colonization Christianity has been unable to displace traditional religious beliefs and practice, Weaver notes, and even among Indians who consider themselves Christian, traditional ways are often still important and honored. Many practise syncretism and religious dimorphism, religious pluralism that often produces communal tensions and misunderstandings that undermine the work of community organization. Weaver argues, however, that Native American literature speaks across these divisions and he offers a broad reading of several centuries of literature to develop the idea of “communitism”—a nexus of communal and communitarian values that is the bedrock of Native spirituality. His detailed analysis of a diverse set of writings—biographies, tribal histories, novels, plays, etc.—sheds fascinating light on an important and neglected aspect of American literature.
Sanctification, Homosexuality, And God ‘s Triune Life
Authors: Rogers,Jr Eugene F
Published: November 2023

While Christians have always debated “practical” issues like ordination of women, freeing of slaves, and marriage-like unions for gay and lesbian people,1 they have also always treated embodiment as one of the “highest” concerns of their intellectual discourse, from the election of Israel to the incarnation of God and the resurrection of the dead. Put another way, theology has used one set of terms—creation, election, incarnation, resurrection—while ethically charged postmodern discourse uses another—embodiment, race, gender, orientation. Theologians such as Karl Barth tell us that ethics and high theology ought to be closely related,2 and anthropologists of religion such as Clifford Geertz tell us similar things about ethos and worldview, or social and intellectual practices.3 Yet only too rarely do Christian ethicists connect doctrines such as incarnation, election, and resurrection with race, gender, and orientation.4 My constructive proposals attempt to renegotiate ethos and worldview in Christianity by reference to the central symbols that connect them—where ethos includes the practices of marriage (or lack thereof) for straight, gay, and lesbian people; worldview includes what Christians believe about the world, signally dogmatics (“a critical native model”5); and the central symbol is the body of Christ enacted in the sacraments. Marriage and the Eucharist (as well as baptism and monastic vows) tell Christians what bodies are for before God, or what they mean, by incorporating them into the body of Christ.
Pride
Authors: Schimmel Solomon
Published: November 2023

The passions evoked by the Gulf crisis of 1990-91 between the United States and Iraq remind us that pride and humiliation are among the most powerful motives for behavior and a major cause of conflict between nations. Throughout the crisis, emotions related to pride were most frequently mentioned by antagonists and analysts to condemn or justify actions. Iraqi and American leaders accused each other of arrogance. Saddam Hussein claimed to be fighting to restore Arab dignity. President Bush wanted to humiliate Hussein. The outcome of the war presumably restored America’s pride and national honor which had been diminished when our forces departed from Vietnam in shame and humiliation. According to one issue of Newsweek, for example:
Church, Honor, and Secession
Authors: Wyatt-Brown Bertram
Published: November 2023

Anger and frustration were the root emotions that drove southerners to secede, a visceral response to a collective sense of humiliation. Years of transatlantic criticism of slaveholding and growing northern indifference to southern interests had been a constant source of vexation. Contrary to some historical opinion, white southerners were alarmed not simply because they feared what Abraham Lincoln and the Republicans might do once in power.
Maha-Maya And Buddha
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

It is related that at that time the midsummer festival had been pro claimed in the city of Kapilavatthu, and the multitude were enjoying the feast. And queen Maha-Maya, abstaining from strong drink, and brilliant with garlands and perfumes, took part in the festivities for the six days Grove there also came into existence the mother of Rahula, and Channa the courtier, Kaludayi the courtier, Kanthaka the king of horses, the great Bo-tree, and the four urns full of treasure.
Changing Woman
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

When First Man and First Woman and the other emergent people came into this, the Glittering World, they were followed by monsters that had been born of their self-abuse in the previous world. And before too long, the monsters had devoured everyone but First Man and First Woman and four others. First man hoped that the gods would help them, but First Woman doubted it, saying that they did n’t yet know what pleased or dis pleased the gods. One morning, First Man noticed that a dark cloud covered the crest of the mountain known today as Gobernador’s Knob.
Cybele (The Great Mother)
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

An account is handed down also that this goddess was born in Phrygia. For the natives of that country have the following myth: In ancient times Meion became king of Phrygia and Lydia; and marrying Dindyme he begat an infant daughter, but being unwilling to rear her he exposed her on the mountain which was called Cybelus. There, in accordance with some divine providence, both the leopards and some of the other especially ferocious wild beasts offered their nipples to the child and so gave it nourishment, and some women who were tending the flocks in that place witnessed the happening, and being astonished at the strange event took up the babe and called her Cybele after the name of the place.
Water Jar Boy
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

The people were living at Sikyatki. There was a fine looking girl who refused to get married. Her mother made water jars all the time. One day as she was using her foot to mix some clay, she told her daughter to go on with this while she went for water. The girl tried to mix the clay on a flat stone by stepping on it. Somehow some of it entered her. This made her pregnant, and after a time she gave birth. The mother was angry about this, but when she looked she saw it was not a baby that had been born, but a little jar. When the mother asked where it came from the girl just cried. Then the father came in. He said he was very glad his daughter had a baby.
Hainuwele
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Nine families of mankind came forth in the beginning from Mount Nunusaku, where the people had emerged from clusters of bananas. And these families stopped in West Ceram, at a place known as the “Nine Dance Grounds,” which is in the jungle between Ahiolo and Varoloin. Now there was a man among them whose name was Ameta, meaning “Dark,” “Black,” or “Night”; and neither was he married nor had he chil dren. He went off, one day, hunting with his dog. And after a little, the dog smelt a wild pig, which it traced to a pond into which the animal took flight; but the dog remained on the shore.
Lituolone
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

There is a Sesuto tale that tells of a monster that used to devour humans; eventually the only person left on earth was an old woman who had gone into hiding, and who, without the aid of a man, gave birth to a child bedecked with amulets, to whom she gave the name of the god Lituolone. On the very day he was born, the child attained adult stature. He asked his mother where other men were, and, being told of the monster Kammapa, he took hold of a knife and prepared to fight it. He was swallowed by the fabulous animal, and this allowed him to tear the beast’s entrails to pieces and bring forth from its stomach thousands of human beings.
Krishna
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

There were great rejoicings in Gokula for the birth of a son to Nand and Yasoda: the astrologers prophesied that the child would slay the demons and should be called Lord of the Herd-girls, the gopis, and his glory should be sung throughout the world. But Kans knew not where Shri Krishna had been born, and he sent out murderers to slay all children.Among his followers there was a rakshasi named Putana, who knew of the birth of Nand’s son, and she went to Gokula for his destruction, taking the shape of a beautiful woman, but she had poison in her breasts.
Siegfried
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

One year passed on after another, till the prince grew almost to man’s estate. But labour in the smithy was irksome to him, and when his comrades set him right, he beat them, threw them down, and, on one occasion, went so far as to drag the best smith among them-Wieland-by the hair to his master’s feet. “This will not do at all,” said Mimer; “come here and forge yourself a good sword.”
Buddha
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

The young prince Gautama Sakyamuni, the Future Buddha, had been protected by his father from all knowledge of age, sickness, death, or monkhood, lest he should be moved to thoughts of life renunciation; for it had been prophesied at his birth that he was to become either a world emperor or a Buddha. The king-prejudiced in favor of the royal vocation-provided his son with three palaces and forty thousand dancing girls to keep his mind attached to the world. But these only served to advance the inevitable; for while still relatively young, the youth exhausted for him self the fields of fleshly joy and became ripe for the other experience.
Endymion
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Endymion was the handsome son of Zeus and the Nymph Calyce, an Aeolian by race though Carian by origin, and ousted Clymenus from the kingdom of Elis. His wife, known by many different names, such as Iphia nassa, Hyperippe, Chromia, and Neis, bore him four sons; he also fathered fifty daughters on Selene, who had fallen desperately in love with him.
Kutoyis
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

After Kutoyis had looked about the inside of the lodge, he looked out through a hole in the lodge covering, and then, turning round, he said to the old people: “How is it there is nothing to eat in this lodge? I see plenty of food over by the other lodge.” “Hush up,” said the old woman, “you will be heard. That is our son-inlaw. He does not give us anything at all to eat.” “Well,” said Kutoyis, “where is your piskun?” The old woman said, “It is down by the river. We pound on it and the buffalo come out.”
Kyazimba
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

An East African tribe, for example, the Wachago of Tanganyika, tell of a very poor man named Kyazimba, who set out in desperation for the land where the sun rises. And he had traveled long and grown tired, and was simply standing, looking hopelessly in the direction of his search, when he heard someone approaching from behind. He turned and perceived a decrepit little woman. She came up and wished to know his business. When he had told her, she wrapped her garment around him, and, soaring from the earth, transported him to the zenith, where the sun pauses in the middle of the day.
Quetzalcoatl
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

In Tollan dwelt Quetzalcoatl. And in Tollan all the arts and crafts that we know of were first practised, for Quetzalcoatl taught them to the people there. He taught them the smelting of silver and the clearing and setting of precious stones; he taught the craft of building with stones; he taught them how to make statues, and paint signs in books, and keep count of the moons and suns. All crafts except the craft of war Quetzalcoatl taught the people of Tollan. And they made sacrifice to him with bread, and flowers, and perfumes, and not as other peoples made sacrifice to the other gods by tearing the hearts out of the opened breasts of men and women.
Attis
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Attis was a boy of marvelous beauty. The tale goes on that Agdistis fell in love with him. The savage deity took the grown lad out hunting, led him into the most inaccessible wildernesses and gave him spoils of the chase. Midas, King of Pessinous, sought to separate Attis from Agdistis, and to this end gave the boy his own daughter to wife. Agdistis appeared at the wedding and drove the participants mad with the notes of a syrinx. Attis castrated himself beneath a pine-tree, crying out: “Unto thee, Agdistis!” And thus he died.
Corn Mother
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

One day, before there were people on the earth, a youth appeared, born of the sea and the wind and the sun. Coming ashore, he joined the All Maker and, together, when the sun was at the zenith and especially warm; they set about creating all sorts of things. At that point, a drop of dew fell on a leaf and, warmed by the sun, became a young girl. This beautiful maiden proclaimed, “I am love, a giver of strength. I will provide for people and animals and they will all love me.”
Kutoyis
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Again he went on, and after a while he came to a big camp. This was the place of a man-eater. Kutoyis called a little girl he saw near by, and said to her: “Child, I am going into that lodge to let that man-eater kill and eat me. Watch close, therefore, and when you can get hold of one of my bones, take it out and call all the dogs, and when they have all come up to you, throw it down and cry out, ‘Kutoyis, the dogs are eating your bones!”‘
Death And The Promise Of New Life
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

The stories of this section are really a part of a death-underworld-resurrection pattern, a consideration of which will be continued in the next two chapters. Emerging from the stories of Part 5 alone is a myth of the death of the hero by some violent means-hanging, dismemberment, castration, or rape. Sometimes the death is self-inflicted. In the wake of the hero’s departure from life comes a loss of fertility; the land, as in the story of the Fisher King, dies.
Odysseus
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

At length we were at the shore where lay the ship. Promptly we launched her into the divine sea, stepped the mast, made sail and went: not forgetting the sheep, though our hearts were very low and big tears rained down from our eyes. Behind the darkprowed vessel came a favourable wind, our welcomed way-fellow, whom we owed to Circe, the kind-spoken yet awe some Goddess: so when each man had done his duty by the ship we could sit and watch the wind and the helmsman lead us forward, day-long going steadily across the deep, our sails cracking full, till sundown and its dark ness covered the sea’s illimitable ways.
The Night Journey Of The Soul
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

In the universal myth of the descent into the underworld the hero finds himself an explorer in the province of death itself. This is the continuance of the scapegoat process, in which the hero, as man’s agent, faces in depth what man himself so fears. The hero is our hope of overcoming death and understanding its meaning. The specific purpose of the voyage is usually to retrieve a loved one, to attain knowledge of personal or racial destiny, or simply to complete a great task. Whatever the reason, the myth involves the hero’s suffering or witnessing the actual torments of the underworld before defeating death definitively in rebirth or resurrection.
Hyacinth
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

“Phoebus1 himself was charmed by Hyacinthus, And if the Fates had given him more time, And space as well, Apollo would have placed him Where stars break out in heaven. Anyhow, The boy became immortal.
Adonis And Aphrodite (Venus)
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

As Cytherea sailed midair near Cyprus, She overheard, as from far distance, echoes Of her beloved’s voice; swiftly she steered Her circling swans above the boy’s pale body. She stepped to earth and when she saw his blood 5 She cried against blind Fate, then slowly said, ‘But even Fate shan’t have eternal will; My sorrow shall have tribute to its own.
Telipinu
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Thereupon the goddess [Kamrusepa] summoned an eagle and told it to go forth along with the bee and bring Telipinu back. A few days later a tall pole was set up in the courtyard of the temple, and from it was hung, in honor of Telipinu, the snow-white fleece of a newborn lamb.
Osiris And Isis
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

The lamentations of the two sad sisters were not in vain. In pity for her sorrow the sun-god Ra sent down from heaven the jackal-headed god Anubis, who, with the aid of Isis and Nephthys, of Thoth and Horus, pieced together the broken body of the murdered god, swathed it in linen bandages, and observed all the other rites which the Egyptians were wont to perform over the bodies of the departed. Then Isis fanned the cold clay with her wings: Osiris revived, and thenceforth reigned as king over the dead in the other world.
Wanjiru
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

It came to pass that the next day there was a great dance, and her lover went with the throng. But his mother and the girl waited until everyone had assembled at the dance, and all the road was empty. Then they came out of the house and mingled with the crowd. When the relations saw Wanjiru, they said, “Surely that is Wanjiru whom we had lost.”
Cuulu
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

There was a certain woman who had many daughters. Among them were three of exceptional beauty, and of these, one was more beautiful than all the rest. Now, it happened that three young men from a neighboring country arrived at the village where these girls lived, and when they saw them, they fell in love at once: That very day they decided to marry, and the next day the men brought the hoes that symbolize engagement. When formal greetings had been exchanged, the young men went home until the end of the year, after which they would return for the marriage ceremonies.
Quetzalcoatl
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Quetzalcoatl was not dead. In one of his statues he was shown reclining, covered with wrappings, signifying that he was absent or “as one who lays him down to sleep, and that when he should wake from that dream of absence, would rise to rule again the land.” He had built mansions underground to the Lord of Mictlan, the lord of the dead, but did not occupy these himself, dwelling, rather, in that land of gold where the sun abides at night.
Quetzalcoatl
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

It ended on the beach It ended with a hulk of serpents formed into a boat & when he’d made it, sat in it & sailed away A boat that glided on those burning waters, no one knowing when he reached the country of Red Daylight It ended on the rim of some great sea It ended with his face reflected in the mirror of its waves The beauty of his face returned to him
Attis
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

But when night had fallen, the sorrow of the worshippers was turned to joy. For suddenly a light shone in the darkness: the tomb was opened: the god had risen from the dead; and as the priest touched the lips of the weeping mourners with balm, he softly whispered in their ears the glad tidings of salvation. The resurrection of the god was hailed by his disciples as a promise that they too would issue triumphant from the corruption of the grave.
Shrines of the Slave Trade
Authors: Baum Robert M
Published: November 2023

In this groundbreaking work, Robert Baum seeks to reconstruct the religious and social history of the Diola communities in southern Senegal during the precolonial era, when the Atlantic slave trade was at its height. Baum shows that Diola community leaders used a complex of religious shrines and priesthoods to regulate and contain the influence of the slave trade. He demonstrates how this close involvement with the traders significantly changed Diola religious life.
Isa Upanisad
Authors: Olivelle Patrick
Published: November 2023

The Isa Upanisad (also called “lsiivasya Upanisad’’) forms the fortieth chapter of the Vajasaneyi Sarphitii of the White Yajurveda. Just like the Kena Upanisad, the IU gets its name from its first word, isii (“by the Lord”). It is the only Upanisad that forms an integral part of a vedic Sarphitii and is, therefore, also known as the “Sarphitii Upanisad.” Just like the BU, the IU has been preserved in two recensions, the Miidhyandina and the Kfu;lva. As a text of the White Yajurveda, the IU shows many similarities in thought and expressions with the BU. Nevertheless, the doctrines and ideas of the IU show that this document belongs broadly to the time and milieu that produced other similar texts with a strong theistic and devotional tendency, such as the SU, MuU, and, to a somewhat lesser extent, the KaU. The IU is placed first in all the indigenous collections of Upanisads.
Women of the Sacred Groves
Authors: Sered Susan
Published: November 2023

Although most historical and contemporary religions are governed by men, there are, scattered throughout the world, a handful of well-documented religions led by women. Most of these are marginal, subordinate, or secondary religions in the societies in which they are located. The one known exception to this rule is the indigenous religion of Okinawa, where women lead the official mainstream religion of the society. In this fieldwork-based study, Susan Sered provides the first in-depth look at this unique religious tradition, exploring the intersection between religion and gender. In addition to providing important information on this remarkable and little-studied group, this book helps to overturn our mostly unexamined assumptions that male dominance of the religious sphere is universal, axiomatic, and necessary.
The Church Faces Death
Authors: Jinkins Michael
Published: November 2023

Ecclesiology (the theology of the church) is a neglected topic in contemporary theology. At a time when the institutional churches are experiencing dramatic decline, says Michael Jinkins, we need a new understanding of what the church is. In this work, Jinkins challenges the church to rediscover its vocation, to follow Jesus Christ even at the risk of its institutional survival. In the face of a variety of perceived threats to its future, he reminds us that the church is most alive and attractive when it forgets about itself and its safety. The ecclesiology Jinkins puts forward is born from a sense of “life in Christ” that can, he argues, face institutional death to recover a remarkable freedom. Without detailing the face of the future church, he asserts his faith that there is indeed life after death for the church as the worshipping body of Christ.
Bodily Bonds: The Intersecting Rhetorics of Feminism and Abolition *
Authors: Sanchez-Eppler Karen
Published: November 2023

As Lydia Maria Child tells it in 1836, the story of the woman and the story of the slave are the same story: I have been told of a young physician who went into the far Southern states to settle, and there became in love with a very handsome and modest girl who lived in service. He married her; and about a year after the event a gentleman called at the house and announced himself as Mr. J. of Mobile. He said to Dr. W., “Sir, I have a trifling affair of business to settle with you. You have married a slave of mine.” The young physician resented the language; for he had not entertained the slightest suspicion that the girl had any other than white ancestors since the flood. But Mr. J. furnished proofs of his claim.
The Early History of Heaven
Authors: Edward Wright J
Published: November 2023

When we think of “heaven,” we generally conjure up positive, blissful images. Heaven is, after all, where God is and where good people go after death to receive their reward. But how and why did Western cultures come to imagine the heavenly realm in such terms? Why is heaven usually thought to be “up there,” far beyond the visible sky? And what is the source of the idea that the post mortem abode of the righteous is in this heavenly realm with God? Seeking to discover the roots of these familiar notions, this volume traces the backgrounds, origin, and development of early Jewish and Christian speculation about the heavenly realm — where it is, what it looks like, and who its inhabitants are. Wright begins his study with an examination of the beliefs of ancient Israel’s neighbors Egypt and Mesopotamia, reconstructing the intellectual context in which the earliest biblical images of heaven arose. A detailed analysis of the Hebrew biblical texts themselves then reveals that the Israelites were deeply influenced by images drawn from the surrounding cultures. Wright goes on to examine Persian and Greco-Roman beliefs, thus setting the stage for his consideration of early Jewish and Christian images, which he shows to have been formed in the struggle to integrate traditional biblical imagery with the newer Hellenistic ideas about the cosmos. In a final chapter Wright offers a brief survey of how later Jewish, Christian, and Islamic traditions envisioned the heavenly realms. Accessible to a wide range of readers, this provocative book will interest anyone who is curious about the origins of this extraordinarily pervasive and influential idea.
The Aleph Implementation at the National Library of the Czech Republic
Authors: Příbramská Iva
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this chapter is to warn libraries about the mistakes we made at the National Library of the Czech Republic, rather than celebrating our successes. I hope that other libraries can learn from them, as we did.
Chinatown Gangs
Authors: Chin Ko-lin
Published: November 2023

In Chinatown Gangs, Ko-lin Chin penetrates a closed society and presents a rare portrait of the underworld of New York City’s Chinatown. Based on first-hand accounts from gang members, gang victims, community leaders, and law enforcement authorities, this pioneering study reveals the pervasiveness, the muscle, the longevity, and the institutionalization of Chinatown gangs. Chin reveals the fear gangs instill in the Chinese community. At the same time, he shows how the economic viability of the community is sapped, and how gangs encourage lawlessness, making a mockery of law enforcement agencies. Ko-lin Chin makes clear that gang crime is inexorably linked to Chinatown’s political economy and social history. He shows how gangs are formed to become “equalizers” within a social environment where individual and group conflicts, whether social, political, or economic, are unlikely to be solved in American courts. Moreover, Chin argues that Chinatown’s informal economy provides yet another opportunity for street gangs to become “providers” or “protectors” of illegal services. These gangs, therefore, are the pathological manifestation of a closed community, one whose problems are not easily seen—and less easily understood—by outsiders. Chin’s concrete data on gang characteristics, activities, methods of operation and violence make him uniquely qualified to propose ways to restrain gang violence, and Chinatown Gangs closes with his specific policy suggestions. It is the definitive study of gangs in an American Chinatown.
“Our Poetry Is Like an Orange Grove” : Anthologies of Hebrew Poetry in Eretz Yisrael
Authors: Hever Hannan
Published: November 2023

And it is indeed possible to view [this] book as the orange grove of our poetry, with its great and little trees, a grove whose earth is also covered with shrubs, flowers, and weeds. A spirit of sadness stalks the garden, and the gay sound of birdsong is heard there only seldom. But many are the paths of the orange grove, royal roads and side paths, mountain ranges and valleys, and it is full of breezes and pleasant odors, sights, and colors that take the breath away and that expand the mind. Since the earliest days of the Jewish settlement (yishuv) in pre-State Israel, the literary form of the anthology has served as an instrument for creating as well as documenting Hebrew cultural discourse. Once it was included within anthology and thereby transmitted to the community of writers and readers, even an individual poem or story played a role in the construction of what Benedict Anderson has called the “imagined national community.” Yet in contrast to Anderson’s description of the formation of such a national community-as a linear, homogeneous process-the case of anthology shows that this process is profoundly hybrid, simultaneously encoded as natural and yet always bound up with the operation of mechanisms of production and distribution.
The Ernteric Origini of the American Renaissance
Authors: Versluis Arthur
Published: November 2023

The term “Western esotericism” refers to a wide range of spiritual currents including alchemy, Hermeticism, Kabbala, Rosicrucianism, and Christian theosophy, as well as several practical forms of esotericism like cartomancy, geomancy, necromancy, alchemy, astrology, herbalism, and magic. The early presence of esotericism in North America has not been much studied, and even less so the indebtedness to esotericism of some major American literary figures. In this book, Arthur Versluis breaks new ground, showing that many writers of the so-called American Renaissance drew extensively on and were inspired by Western esoteric currents.
Poe
Authors: Versluis Arthur
Published: November 2023

Although there have been many books and articles written about Edgar Allan Poe (1809–49), there has been startlingly little work done on the esoteric sources from which he drew so much of his work. In the first issue of the Poe Newsletter in 1968, its editor, J. Albert Robbins, remarked on the contradiction between the enormous quantity of critical work published about Poe, and its mostly poor, unsophisticated quality. Robbins called Poe a “ctitical orphan.” As Kent Ljungquist noted in 1995, various academic theoretical fashions contrived to make this situation worse, if anything, chiefly by encouraging a tendency to examine Poe’s works without reference to the existing body of Poe scholarship, or to Poe’s specific historical antecedents.1 Although it is obvious that our discussion of how Western esoteric traditions informed Poe’s thought and work cannot remedy this larger problem, we can certainly begin to shed light on an important, indeed, a central aspect of Poe’s work that has not yet been adequately explored.
Time Exposure
Authors: Fenn Richard K
Published: November 2023

In his new book, Richard Fenn looks at the way in which we experience time in a secular society. He argues that secularization is virtually synonymous with individualism. Fenn shows that the Church created the idea of individualism through its demysitification of the universe, its insistence on individual self-discipline, and its intensification of individual responsibility for the use of time. Required to take responsibility for his or her own standing in the eyes of God, the individual emerged from the protection of the Church into the full current of time. No longer protected by Providence or connected to Eternity, our lives have become radically temporal and contingent. Fenn explores the modern experience of time, as expressed in such phrases as “wasting time” and “making up for lost time.” In particular, he is interested in the idea of waiting, which he believes is a defining characteristic of modern life. He also argues that the secularization of time produced anxiety about death, and shows the various strategies we have created for dealing with this anxiety. Beautifully written and thoughtfully argued, this volume raises the secularization debate to a new level of depth and sophistication.
Transformations of Subjectivity and Memory in the Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyana
Authors: Doniger Wendy
Published: November 2023

Many myths in the Epics and Pural)aS involve either transvestism (dressing as someone of the other gender) or transsexuality (transformation into someone of the other sex). Vedantic philosophy produced many male dream doubles, of whom the most famous is Narada, who became a woman and lived a full life but eventually returned to his life as a man. Much has been written about transsexual myths in Hinduism, but I wish to concentrate here on transsexual myths that shed light upon the nature of human identity. In the great Sanskrit epic the Mahābhārata composed between about 300 B.C.E. and 300 C.E., several people lose their subjectivity, often their memories, to become someone else, sometimes as the result of a curse, sometimes out of a desire to become other. Nala is transformed into a deformed dwarf; Arjuna disguises himself as a transvestite who may or may not be impotent; Yayati becomes a young man. In the other great Sanskrit Epic, the Valmiki Rāmāyana (which I will call, henceforth, the Rāmāyana), composed within roughly the same period, the transformations generally take place on both a higher and a lower register: the demons create spectacular illusions, but the human characters in general do not undergo nearly so many transformations as their counterparts in the Mahābhārata. One story on the margins of the Ramaya,:za, however, depicts the transformation of a human being, not one of the central characters - in ways strikingly similar to the transformations of a slightly more central character in the Mahābhārata -Amba. Both are stories of sexual transformation: in one, a man becomes a woman (known as MTF in the trade nowadays, male to female), and in the other, a woman a man (FTM, female to male). Let us consider these stories of male and female sexual transformation one by one, and then together.