bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Internet use and offline leisure activities among Chinese older adult people: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Xiang Shuai , Deng Qinwen , Chen Boli
Published: January 2025

Background

The process of aging in Chinese society is accompanied by the concurrent development of the Internet. In recent years, the influence of Internet use on the activities of older adults has attracted growing interest and is now a significant focus of both public health and gerontological research. Nevertheless, there is a need for further empirical research in this area.

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the mechanisms and interaction processes, as well as the relationship between Internet use and offline leisure activities among Chinese older adults. Theories of active aging and environmental gerontology guided the construction and assessment of the mediating role of self-perception of aging between Internet use and offline leisure activities. Additionally, the moderating role of community-based leisure places (CBLP) was examined.

Methods

A moderated mediation model was constructed using the SPSS 27 PROCESS Macro. This study employs the most recent China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) 2020 cross-sectional data, and the valid sample comprises 8,180 Chinese older adult individuals aged 60 years or older.

Results

(1) Internet use and offline leisure activities among older adults exhibited a significant positive correlation. (2) Self-perception of aging played a significant positive mediating role between Internet use and offline leisure activities. (3) CBLP significantly and positively moderated the relationship between Internet use and offline leisure activities.

Conclusion

The Internet can be an effective tool for addressing the challenges of aging. Active Internet use may lead to more positive age perception and more active offline leisure activities, and efforts should be made to increase the digitization of the aging society. Positive self-perception of aging is an important psychological factor influencing the offline and online activities of older adults. It is imperative that the concept of active aging be vigorously promoted. Concurrently, community infrastructure serves as the foundation for the mutual promotion of online and offline activities. Attention should be given to the development of infrastructure for an age-friendly environment. These findings deepen the understanding of the consequences of interactions between online and offline activities, subjective mindsets, and objective environments for older adults.
High prevalence and co-occurrence of modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases among university students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cicekli Ipek , Gokce Eskin Serap
Published: January 2025

Background

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global concern. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors among university students.

Methods

This analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2022. A total of 485 students were included in the study. Lifestyle risk variables for NCDs included physical inactivity, low fruit and vegetable consumption, alcohol use, tobacco smoking, being overweight/obese, and sugar sweetened beverages consumption.

Results

Our results showed that the most frequent risk factor was insufficient physical activity (89.2%), followed by low vegetable (70.5%) and fruit consumption (58.9%). Overall, more than half of the students (51.2%) had four or more risk factors highlighting the urgent need for preventive interventions. The co-occurrence of four or more lifestyle risk factors was significantly greater in students at private universities (aOR: 2.01 95% CI: 1.2; 3.35), those living in student homes (aOR: 3.57 95% CI: 1.96; 6.5), and those with fast food preferences when eating outside (a0R: 2.53 95% CI: 1.62; 3.96).

Conclusion

Targeted university-based interventions, such as promoting physical activity, providing affordable nutritious meals, and educating students on healthy lifestyles, are essential to reduce non-communicable disease (NCD) risk among students. Early action fosters lifelong healthy habits, supports healthy aging, and reduces healthcare costs. Future research should focus on refining these strategies to maximize their impact on university populations.
Impact of peer interaction on maternal health service utilization in rural northwest China
Authors: Xiang Liuchun , Li Dan , Wu Junhao , Chen Jun , Yang Jie , Nie Haisong
Published: January 2025

Background

Effective use of health services by pregnant and postpartum woman (PPWs) is crucial to maternal and child health. Most maternal deaths are attributed to inadequate maternal health services, especially in rural areas. As a vulnerable group, rural PPWs can effectively prevent and reduce maternal and infant health risk factors through whole-process health management and ensure the health and safety of mothers and infants. Therefore, improving the utilization rate of rural maternal health services is a key issue that needs to be addressed urgently. This study aimed to explore the influence of peer interaction on the utilization of maternal health services in rural areas and the mediating effect of maternal health service knowledge.

Methods

Based on cross-sectional data of 821 PPWs in rural northwest China. This study used propensity score matching (PSM) to analyze the effects of peer interaction (PI) on maternal health service utilization, including maternal system management rate (Y1), prenatal screening rate (Y2), and postpartum visit rate (Y3). In addition, the mediating role of maternal health service knowledge between peer interaction and health service utilization was empirically tested.

Results

The findings highlight the important role of peer interaction in improving the utilization rate of maternal health services in rural northwest China. The study found that peer interaction significantly improved the maternal system management rate, prenatal screening rate, and postpartum visit rate. At the same time, peer interaction enhances knowledge of maternal health services, which plays a key role in improving maternal health behaviors.

Conclusion

Through experience sharing and knowledge exchange among peers, understanding of health services can be enhanced, and positive health behaviors can be promoted. Policymakers and healthcare providers should integrate peer support programs into existing maternal health initiatives and fully use social media and community resources to create interactive platforms for maternal and infant knowledge that combine online and offline. By actively promoting peer interaction and experience sharing, these initiatives can maximize the positive role of peer support, increase the utilization rate of health services, and effectively ensure their safety.
Factors associated with HIV testing among young women in Tanzania: Insights from the 2022 Tanzanian Demographic and Health Survey using Anderson’s Behavioral Model
Authors: Abebe Mesfin , Asgedom Yordanos Sisay , Gebrekidan Amanuel Yosef , Wondimagegne Yohannes Addisu , Hareru Habtamu Endashaw , Tebeje Tsion Mulat
Published: January 2025

Background

HIV continues to be a significant global health issue, particularly affecting sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania. Knowing one’s HIV status is a crucial first step in combating HIV/AIDS and achieving the targets set for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. However, despite ongoing efforts, HIV testing coverage remains low in developing countries, including Tanzania, where testing among young people poses particular challenges. Therefore, this study, based on the 2022 Tanzanian Demographic and Health Survey, aims to identify the factors influencing HIV testing among young women through the lens of Anderson’s Behavioral Model.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed a weighted sample of 5,810 young women from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS). Given the hierarchical structure of the DHS data and the binary nature of the outcome variable ‘ever tested for HIV,’ we employed a multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model. The best-fitting model was identified using the deviance value. In the multivariable analysis, we calculated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of associations between various predictors and HIV testing. Statistical significance was determined at a p-value of less than 0.05.

Result

In our study, the prevalence of HIV testing among young women was 60.18% (95% CI: 58.91 to 61.43%). Significant factors associated with HIV testing included age (AOR = 4.33, 95% CI [3.43, 5.45]), marital status (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI [1.76, 3.04]), knowledge of HIV prevention (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.23, 2.04]), discriminatory attitudes towards HIV (AOR = 0.74, 95% CI [0.58, 0.95]), visiting healthcare facilities (AOR = 4.80, 95% CI [3.75, 6.14]), media exposure (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI [1.09, 1.90]), internet use (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI [1.02, 2.38]), and ever heard of STIs (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI [1.63, 2.77]).

Conclusion

Our study found that 60.18% of young women in Tanzania have been tested for HIV. Addressing barriers like stigma and improving access to healthcare and information through media and the internet can significantly boost HIV testing rates among young women, aiding the global effort to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030.The Anderson Behavioral Model emphasizes the importance of predisposing, enabling, and need factors in healthcare utilization, which aligns with our findings and underscores the necessity of a multifaceted approach to improve HIV testing rates.
“A torch, a rope, a belly laugh”: engaging with the multiple voices of support groups for people living with rare dementia
Authors: Camic Paul M. , Harding Emma , Rossi-Harries Sam , Hayes Oliver S. , Sullivan Mary Pat , Wilson Lawrence , Zimmermann Nikki , McKee-Jackson Roberta , Stott Joshua , Fox Nick C. , Mummery Catherine J. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Warren Jason D. , Weil Rimona S. , Crutch Sebastian James
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Rare forms of dementia bring unique difficulties related to age of onset, impact on family commitments, employment and finances, and also bring distinctive needs for support and care. The aim of the present study was to explore and better understand what the concept of support means for people living with different rare dementia (PLwRD) and their care-partners who attend ongoing support groups.

Methods

Representing seven types of rare dementia, source material was collected from 177 PLwRD and care-partners attending in-person support groups, with the goal of developing research-informed group poems, co-constructed by a facilitating poet. Data were analyzed through a three-step process involving linguistic analysis followed by structured-tabular thematic analysis, relational analysis, and concluded with an online survey about participation in the study.

Results

Linguistic analysis found that co-constructed poems remained faithful to the original source material offered by participants. These results provided confidence to subsequently conduct a thematic analysis of eight completed poems, identifying 15 initial themes. A further relational analysis between themes drew on six relational forms and identified an overarching theme “A Community, Not an Intervention” that describes the process of support for this population. Survey results revealed a varied but generally positive response to writing whilst reactions to the completed poems reflected strong emotional connections that resonated with personal experience.

Conclusion

This is the first study that we are aware of to explore the use of co-constructed research poetry to better understand how in-person support groups provide support for people impacted by different rare dementias. The poems portray the complex, dynamic and relational aspects of how support groups provide a necessary form of connection for this population. An overarching theme characterized the support groups as a community rather than an intervention. Findings are discussed within the theoretical context of positive social identity, social health and biosocial groups. The results also demonstrate that solicited words from participants can be faithfully portrayed in poems co-created by an experienced poet. This novel finding expands methodological options for the use of research poetry in healthcare and also offers support group members further creative choices for engagement, connection and communication.
Exploring the transition to agroforestry for smallholder farmers: a feasibility study for the Ashanti region of Ghana
Authors: Dumas Youp , Ubacht Jolien , van Andel Ellen , Keledorme Lily Akorfa
Published: January 2025

Smallholder farmers in the Ashanti region of Ghana face challenges due to shifts in climate patterns that have a significant negative impact on their crop yields. We conducted a feasibility study into the transition toward an agroforestry system by integrating trees and shrubs within crop fields. In this research, we adopted a complex systems perspective to analyse the institutional, social, and technical aspects that play a role in such a transition. By conducting in-depth analyses through three rounds of interviews and a Q-sort method with smallholder farmers in the Ashanti region, we mapped the most important challenges in transitioning to an agroforestry system. These pertain to: uncertainties in land tenure agreements, the absence of effective conflict resolution mechanisms, having no knowledge of and tools for maintaining trees, and the lack of financial resources for upfront investments. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations for the design of the transition process toward a comprehensive agroforestry system in Ghana. We recommend improving land tenure security and establishing conflict resolution mechanisms by polycentric coordination in which all stakeholders are involved for this essential institutional redesign process. To enable smallholder farmers to acquire the required skills and tools for tree crops, preferably a pilot plot for real-life demonstration is initiated. Financial resources for the smallholder farmers in the transition period need to be warranted, e.g., via the design of a carbon credit market. We recommend future research to explore the perspective and interests of chiefs/landowners in the Ashanti region who have crucial decision-making power through their land ownership.
Effects of functional diversity on ecosystem services in cocoa agroforestry systems in Costa Rica
Authors: Edelstein Cassio Pinheiro , Isaac Marney E. , Orozco-Aguilar Luis , Peguero Felipe , Delgado-Rodríguez Diego , Cerda Rolando H.
Published: January 2025

Cocoa agroforestry systems (AFS) provide multiple ecosystem services, which are influenced by features of the shade tree community. By strategically selecting and managing shade trees based on their functional traits, cocoa farmers can affect functional diversity of AFS and potentially enhance the benefits they deliver. In this research, we applied functional trait ecology to better understand the effect of functional diversity of cocoa AFS on three ecosystem services: carbon storage, soil fertility, and provisioning of cocoa and other products. To achieve this, we characterized 30 AFS across a gradient of ecological complexity and established relationships between functional diversityw indices and ecosystem services using ANOVA and multiple regression models. As a result, two contrasting ecological dynamics were observed: low-complexity AFS, dominated by resource-conservative traits (higher leaf dry matter content, higher stem specific density, and low leaf nitrogen concentration), were associated with lower carbon stocks and soil fertility, while high-complexity AFS, characterized by resource-acquisitive traits (low leaf dry matter content, low stem specific density, and high leaf nitrogen concentration), delivered greater ecosystem services. Through the multiple regression analysis, we found that AFS dominated by species with greater maximum potential height, greater leaf nitrogen concentration, lower leaf dry matter content, lower leaf mass per area, and lower leaf nitrogen-phosphorus ratio were associated with higher carbon storage (R2 = 0.84), soil fertility (R2 = 0.7 for soil nitrogen), and multiple ecosystem services (R2 = 0.78). Additionally, cocoa yields were negatively correlated with shade cover and the dominance of large-leaf shade trees, revealing a potential trade-off between maximizing yields and enhancing ecosystem services. Nevertheless, the models indicated that a win-win scenario can be achieved when shade trees are productive, generating additional benefits. Finally, our study highlights critical relationships between shade tree traits and delivery of key ecosystem services for farm sustainability and farmer livelihoods.
Comparison of the efficacy of LTCBDE and LCBDE for common bile duct stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Bin , Lu Yixin , Li Erqi , Bai Ziyu , Zhang Kaiqian , Li Jian
Published: January 2025

Background

The choice of surgical methods for common bile duct stones (CBDS) is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration (LTCBDE) and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE).

Methods

Relevant literature published before March 30, 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane was searched to screen studies comparing LTCBDE and LCBDE. RevMan 5.4 was used for meta-analysis of fixed-effects and random-effects models.

Results

A total of 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 3065 patients in the LTCBDE group and 2,453 patients in the LCBDE group. CBDS clearance was 95.4% (2,682/2,812) in LTCBDE group and 94.7% (1,810/1,911) in LCBDE group (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.36, 2.48, P < 0.0001; I2 = 0%, P = 0.56). In LTCBDE group, operative time(MD = −34.60, 95% CI: −46.05, −23, 15, P < 0.00001 I2 = 96%, P < 0.00001), postoperative hospital stay (MD = −2.92, 95% CI: −3.62, −2.21, P < 0.00001; I2 = 92%, P < 0.00001), postoperative complications (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.58, P < 0.0001; I2 = 26%, P = 0.15), residual stone(OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.66, P < 0.0001; I2 = 0%, P = 0.56), bile leak (OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.55, P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%,P = 0.52), mortality (OR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.88, P = 0.04; I2 = 0%, P = 0.71) and recurrent stones(OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.74, P = 0.007; I2 = 5%, P = 0.38) were better than LCBDE group. There was no difference in pancreatitis (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.52, 2.16. P = 0.86; I2 = 0%, P = 0.98) and biliary stricture(OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.08, 1.09, P = 0.07; I2 = 0%, P = 0.57).

Conclusions

LTCBDE is safe, efficient, and of great clinical significance, and is worth promoting to some patients.
Effect of blindfolding the lead resuscitator on frequency of closed-loop communication during veterinary cardio-pulmonary resuscitation training: a randomized, controlled pilot study
Authors: Walesby Olivia X. , Stanzani Giacomo , Kellett-Gregory Lindsay , Seth Mayank , Thomas Emily K.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the effect of blindfolding the lead resuscitator during veterinary cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) simulation training sessions on frequency of completed closed-loop communication statements (CLC).

Design

Ten groups of staff volunteers were recruited for a prospective, randomized, blinded, observational pilot study over a 6-month period. Additionally, two associated online questionnaires were completed by participants.

Setting

Private veterinary referral hospital in the United Kingdom.

Intervention

Forty volunteers were randomly allocated into ten groups of four. Each group was randomized as either control (CG) or blindfolded (BG) with the lead resuscitator always a veterinarian. The intervention involved the lead resuscitator wearing a blindfold during the third of four CPR simulation scenarios for the BG groups only.

Measurements and main results

Video footage of Scenarios 2 (before) and 4 (after) the intervention was reviewed to quantify complete CLCs. Quantitative data were analyzed, and descriptive statistics calculated using GraphPadPrism (GraphPadPrism, Version9.3.1(350) forMacOSX, GraphPadSoftware, SanDiego, CA). Information from questionnaire responses was also analyzed. Statistical differences between the BGs and CGs were analyzed and there was no statistical difference in frequency of CLCs between the BGs and CGs during Scenario 2 (p = 0.76). In Scenario 4, however, following the intervention, there was a significant difference between BGs and CGs (p = 0.03), with a greater number of CLCs for the BGs compared with the CGs.

Conclusion

Blindfolding the lead resuscitator in veterinary CPR training scenarios may be an effective method to increase the incidence of complete CLCs. Further studies would be required to investigate whether this finding is replicated and retained in the longer term.
Se-methylselenocysteine inhibits inflammatory response in an LPS-stimulated chicken HD11 macrophage-like cell model through the NFKB2 pathway
Authors: Yao Min , Wang Binyu , Li Zitong , Wu Suqing , Zhao Bingyu , Sun Ning , Xiao Huiping , Wang Jianwu , Liu Guoping , Huang Tinghua
Published: January 2025

Among the various sources of selenium supplementations, the Se-methylselenocysteine (SeMC) is a natural organic selenium compound that has been demonstrated to have multiple advantages in terms of metabolism efficiency and biosafety in animals. Nevertheless, the genome-wide impact of SeMC on gene transcription remains to be elucidated. In this study, we employed an LPS-stimulated chicken HD11 macrophage-like cell model to identify the principal transcription factors involved in transcriptome regulation responsible for SeMC treatment. RNA-seq identified 3,263 transcripts that exhibited a statistically significant differential expression between the SeMC-treated group and the control group and 1,344 transcripts that exhibited a statistically significant differential expression between the LPS + SeMC- and LPS-treated groups (FDR < 0.05, FDR > 1.5). The bioinformatic analysis identified six transcription factors (NFKB2, RFX2, E2F5, ETV5, BACH1, and E2F7) as potential candidate genes for transcriptome regulation in SeMC-treated HD11 cells. Subsequent experimental verification demonstrated that SeMC suppressed the inflammatory response in an LPS-stimulated chicken HD11 cell model via the TXN2—NF-κB pathway. The administration SeMC was observed to reduce the production of ROS as well as the transcription and translation of inflammatory cytokines in both cell culture and in vivo animal studies. One candidate pathway by which SeMC exerts its effects is through the targeting of the transcription factor, NFKB2, by selenoprotein TXN2. This study identified key transcription factors and revealed one of the potential mechanisms through which SeMC exerts its anti-inflammatory effects from the perspective of transcriptional regulation.
Differentially Private Clustered Federated Load Prediction Based on the Louvain Algorithm
Authors: Pan Tingzhe , Hou Jue , Jin Xin , Li Chao , Cai Xinlei , Zhou Xiaodong
Published: January 2025

Load forecasting plays a fundamental role in the new type of power system. To address the data heterogeneity and security issues encountered in load forecasting for smart grids, this paper proposes a load-forecasting framework suitable for residential energy users, which allows users to train personalized forecasting models without sharing load data. First, the similarity of user load patterns is calculated under privacy protection. Second, a complex network is constructed, and a federated user clustering method is developed based on the Louvain algorithm, which divides users into multiple clusters based on load pattern similarity. Finally, a personalized and adaptive differentially private federated learning Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model for load forecasting is developed. A case study analysis shows that the proposed method can effectively protect user privacy and improve model prediction accuracy when dealing with heterogeneous data. The framework can train load-forecasting models with a fast convergence rate and better prediction performance than current mainstream federated learning algorithms.
Compressive Behavior, Mechanical Properties and Energy Absorption of Al Honeycomb and Al Closed-Cell Foam: A Comparison
Authors: Ceci Alessandra , Costanza Girolamo , Tata Maria Elisa
Published: January 2025

In this work, we focused on the characterization of closed-cell Al foams and aluminum honeycomb panels, in particular their energy absorption capacity under conditions of static compressive stress. Through experimental tests, the specific energy absorbed by different samples was evaluated: in the honeycomb panels the mechanical behavior was analyzed both for large assemblies and for structures with a reduced number of cells, and the effect of the number of cells was studied too. Furthermore, for larger structures, the specific energy absorbed was calculated from stress–strain compressive graphs. For the closed-cell Al foams, manufactured in the laboratory using the powder compaction method with different percentages of SiC and TiH2 and characterized by different relative densities, the specific energy absorbed was evaluated too. The experimental results showed that the specific energy absorbed by the Al honeycomb was always higher than that of the different types of closed-cell foams. However, when selecting the material for each specific application, it is necessary to take into account numerous parameters such as the relative density, absorbed energy, peak stress, plateau stress, plateau extension, densification strain and so on. Consequently, the overall performance must be evaluated from time to time based on the type of application in which the best compromise between strength, stiffness and lightness can be achieved.
Effect of Different Renovation Methods on the Productivity of Mid-Forest Meadows as Foraging Areas for Free-Living Red Deer Population
Authors: Daszkiewicz Jędrzej , Goliński Piotr
Published: January 2025

Mid-forest meadows are integral to maintaining biodiversity and ecological services in forested landscapes but face degradation due to various reasons. This study evaluated the effectiveness of renovation methods on sward yield and herbage quality in two mid-forest meadows in northwestern Poland (54°10′ N, 16°78′ E), aiming to maintain their function as the foraging areas for the free-living red deer population. The results indicated that overdrilling was insufficient to significantly enhance sward quality or productivity (with no significant differences in DM yield between treatment and control), largely due to competition with existing vegetation and suboptimal habitat conditions. The full tillage method, in combination with sowing dedicated seed mixtures, substantially improved the sward yielding and forage quality, especially in terms of DM yield (av. 7% on object W; 18% on object TD). The efficacy of renovation methods varied between experimental sites, suggesting that the renovation strategy of mid-forest meadows should be tailored according to the habitat conditions.
Optimizing Phosphatic Fertilizer Drip Timing to Improve Cotton Yield in Saline–Alkali Soil and Mitigate Phosphorus–Calcium Binding Risks
Authors: Bu Xiangxi , Xie Xiangwen , Wu Changxue , Liu Manqi , Xu Yongmei
Published: January 2025

To improve cotton yield in salinized arid fields, excess salt is removed and phosphorus content is increased. Adjusting phosphate fertilizer timing with water and fertilizer reduces phosphorus binding with calcium ions. Salt removal precedes phosphate application, enhancing soil phosphorus availability and promoting better growth. However, the optimal time for delaying phosphate fertilizer drip irrigation remains unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated the total salt, soil available phosphorus, and cotton yield under the condition of delayed phosphate fertilizer application. We conducted a field experiment using a completely randomized design to adjust the timing of phosphatic fertilizer application and apply the same amount of pure phosphorus. Specifically, “t” was defined as the total duration of one irrigation cycle, and the starting points for phosphorus application were as follows: T1, 1 h; T2, 1 h + 1/3 t h; T3, 1 h + 2/3 t h; CK, 1/3 t h. These values represent the duration of salt leaching through irrigation in each treatment. Phosphate fertilizer was applied to the soil after salt washing was complete. The results revealed that the T2 treatment exhibited the highest SPAD value (64.53), which was 11.46% and 15.48% higher than that of the T1 and T3 treatments. The 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers under the T2 treatment had the highest pH values of 9.12 and 9.37, representing increases of 1.93%, 1.21%, 4.50%, and 1.38% compared with T1 and T3 treatments, respectively (p < 0.05). At the bud stage, the Olsen-P in the T2 treatment was 82.86% and 26.53% higher than that in the T1 and T3 treatments, respectively (p < 0.05). The T2 treatment achieved the highest yield of 6492.09 kg/hm2, which was 31.47%, 31.53%, and 2.77% higher than that of T1, T3, and CK. Overall, the T2 treatment increased cotton yield and reduced the adsorption of calcium ions to available phosphorus in salinized soil. This study provides an effective technical approach for the sustainable development of salinized cotton fields in Xinjiang.
Phenotypic and Agronomic Variation Within Naturalized Medicago polymorpha L. (Burr Medic) in Subtropical Queensland, Australia, and Relationships with Climate and Soil Characteristics
Authors: Lloyd David L. , Thompson John P. , Boschma Suzanne P. , Young Rick R. , Johnson Brian , Teasdale Kemp C.
Published: January 2025

To characterize the naturalized population of burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.), a valuable pasture legume, in subtropical Queensland, Australia, a collection of 1747 lines from 107 sites in 11 regions was grown, and 26 phenotypic and agronomic attributes were recorded. This data matrix was analyzed by cluster, principal co-ordinates, discriminant and correlation analyses to examine line relationships based on plant attributes and their association with site characteristics of climate and soil. Among the wide polymorphism of attributes across the collection zone, there were a number of notable phenotypic associations. One of these, with large green leaves, minimally dentate leaf margins, and light purple petioles, was widely distributed. Three others, one with a distinctive magenta leaf mark, dark purple petioles, and an upright habit; one with those same attributes but with a prostrate habit; and one with grey-green leaves, high frost resistance, and the ability to stay green and to produce high pod yields, were associated with climatic and soil characteristics in the north, east, and south of the collection zone, respectively. Days to flowering were longer in lines from saline soils at lower altitude, and plant vigor was greatest in lines from more fertile soils with higher rainfall. A wide variation in time to flower of lines at all collection sites contributes to the adaptation of M. polymorpha in subtropical Queensland and potentially to its persistence with future climate change.
Assessing Heat Resistance and Selecting Heat-Resistant Individuals of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) with Tiered Thermal Exposure
Authors: Chen Haijie , Qiao Hui , Xv Zhicheng , Song Guili , Liu Shuning , Luo Cheng , Long Yong , Lin Shimei
Published: January 2025

Largemouth bass (LMB, Micropterus salmoides), a commercially important farmed fish, is vulnerable to heat stress. Breeding heat-resistant LMB is highly desirable in the face of global warming. However, we still lack an efficient method to assess the heat resistance of LMB. In this study, the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and static exposure methods were first performed to assess the heat resistance of LMB juveniles. The CTmax values of the experimental fish (average body weight 9.87 ± 3.14 g) ranged from 39 to 40 °C but were too close together to differentiate the individual heat resistance. Static exposure experiments with varying temperatures and fish groups also did not provide a clear method for determining the heat resistance. To address these limitations, we developed a tiered exposure method, where the temperature was increased step-wise, starting from 28 to 34 °C at 2 °C increments and then at 0.5 °C increments above 34 °C, with each step lasting one day. The heat resistance of the fish was quantified as the lethal cumulative temperature (LCT), allowing for the classification of fish as sensitive or resistant to heat stress based on their LCT values. To correlate the changes in tissue structure and gene expression with the heat resistance, a new batch of LMB juveniles (average body weight 23.66 ± 6.98 g) were subjected to tiered heat exposure. Brain and liver tissues were collected from the control (without heat exposure), resistant and sensitive (still alive but demonstrated abnormal symptoms) individuals when the temperature was maintained at 35.5 °C for 24 h. The liver tissues of the heat-sensitive individuals showed significant damage and increased cell apoptosis (p < 0.05) relative to those of the resistant ones. The ddit3/chop, bax and casp3 genes demonstrated differential expressions in the liver of the sensitive and resistant fish. Additionally, the LMB juveniles (average body weight 84.06 ± 20.95 g) were found to be more heat resistant than the adults from different sources (average body weight 364.29 ± 84.43 g and 545.71 ± 184.56 g). Through the tiered exposure method, extremely heat-resistant individuals were successfully selected from the population (average body weight 22.69 ± 6.89 g). These findings provide valuable insights into the thermal biology of LMB and the potential for breeding heat-resistant LMB varieties.
Effect of Ideal Amino Acid Ratio of Arginine to Lysine on Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Growth Performance, Antibody Titers of Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis Disease, and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers
Authors: Liaqat Wahab , Anwar Urooj , Fatima Asfa , Rafique Azhar , Mustafa Riaz , Farooq Umar , Ramzan Faisal , Abbas Waseem , Khalid Muhammad Farooq , Ashraf Muhammad , Riaz Muhammad , Bilal Muhammad Qamar , Rahman Muhammad Aziz ur
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to assess the effects of different arginine (Arg) to lysine (Lys) ratios on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and antibody titers of Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) disease in broilers during 35 days of trial. For this purpose, a total of 816 day-old broiler birds having an average weight of 38 ± 3 g were divided into six dietary treatments in such a way that each treatment had eight replicates and each replicate had 17 birds. The treatments were 0.95 (1.19/1.25, 1.12/1.18, and 1.05/1.1), 1 (1.25/1.25, 1.18/1.18, and 1.1/1.1), 1.05 (1.31/1.25, 1.24/1.18, and 1.17/1.1), 1.10 (1.38/1.25, 1.30/1.18, and 1.23/1.1), 1.15 (1.44/1.25, 1.36/1.18, and 1.28/1.1), and 1.20 (1.50/1.25, 1.42/1.18, and 1.34/1.1) Arg/Lys divided into different amounts according to the nutritional needs of starter, grower, and finisher diets, respectively. The results showed that in the finisher phase, the FI was influenced cubically, while in the overall period, a quadratic effect was observed for the FI (p < 0.05). The results of BWG showed that BWG was linearly increased in birds given different Arg/Lys in the grower, finisher, and overall period (p < 0.05). The results also showed that during the grower, finisher, and overall phases, the body weight gain (BWG) was better in birds fed with 1.05 and 1.10 Arg/Lys (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a better feed conversion ratio (FCR) was shown in the starter and grower phases at 1.10 and 1.15 Arg/Lys (p < 0.05). The results of nutrient digestibility explored showed that the experimental treatments had a better effect (p < 0.05) on dry matter and crude fat digestibility in birds fed with 1.19/1.25, 1.12/1.18, and 1.05/1.1 and 1.25/1.25, 1.18/1.18, and 1.1/1.1 Arg/Lys in their diets while the crude protein digestibility remained unaffected with different treatments (p > 0.05). The treatments had no effect (p > 0.05) on relative organ weights, immune organs, and carcass characteristics. However, higher titers of ND and IBD were observed in birds fed with Arg/Lys of 1.38/1.25, 1.30/1.18, and 1.23/1.1 and 1.50/1.25, 1.42/1.18, and 1.34/1.1 in their diets (p < 0.05). Based on the results of the current study, it is concluded that the inclusion levels of 1.38/1.25, 1.30/1.18, and 1.23/1.1, and 1.44/1.25, 1.36/1.18, and 1.28/1.1 Arg/Lys resulted in better growth performance and immune response in the broiler birds, respectively. Therefore, adjusting the levels of Arg/Lys in feed is recommended to enhance broilers’ growth performance and immune response.
Uncovering Molecular Mechanisms of Feed Efficiency in Pigs Through Multi-Omics Analysis of the Jejunum
Authors: Zhang Saixian , Xiang Yue , Jian Yaobang , Zhao Qiulin , Sun Jiahui , Huang Yi , Xu Jing , Qi Xiaolong , Li Jingjin , Zheng Zhuqing , Fu Liangliang , Liu Yuwen , Li Xinyun
Published: January 2025

Feed efficiency (FE) is a crucial trait in pig production that influences both economic viability and environmental sustainability. The jejunum, an essential organ for nutrient absorption, plays a significant role in determining FE by affecting how pigs process and utilize feed. To explore the genetic and regulatory mechanisms behind FE, we conducted an integrative multi-omics study using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and ATAC sequencing (ATAC-seq) on pigs with high and low FE. By comparing gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiles in the jejunum, we identified key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accessible regions (DARs) associated with lipid metabolism and immune function, both of which are critical pathways for efficient growth. Notably, we identified transcription factors such as GATA4 and EHF and genes like SCARB1 and GRXCR1 that may play regulatory roles in FE. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing FE in pigs, offering potential targets for genetic selection and nutritional interventions to enhance feed efficiency and sustainability in pig production.
A Quantitative Examination and Comparison of the Ability of Australian Gentamicin Dosing Guidelines to Achieve Target Therapeutic Concentrations in Neonates
Authors: Grzeskowiak Luke E. , Wynne Sheree , Stark Michael J.
Published: January 2025

Background: Effective gentamicin dosing is crucial to the survival of neonates with suspected sepsis but requires a careful balance between attaining both effective peak and safe trough concentrations. We aimed to systematically compare existing gentamicin dosing guidelines for neonates in Australia to determine the extent to which they reach therapeutic targets. Methods: Simulations of a single gentamicin dose to a virtual representative neonatal population according to each Australian guideline were performed using population pharmacokinetic modelling. We determined the proportion of neonates who would achieve peak gentamicin concentrations of ≥5 or ≥10 mg/L and trough concentrations of ≤1 or ≤2 mg/L. We calculated the probability of target attainment (PTA) according to gestation at birth (22 to 40 weeks) and postnatal age (1–7, 8–14, 15–21, 22–28 days). Results: Five unique dosing guidelines were identified. Guidelines varied considerably with respect to dose (4.5 to 7 mg/kg), dosing interval (24 to 48 h), and characteristics used to individualise dosing regimens (e.g., gestation at birth and postnatal age). Guidelines were satisfactory in routinely achieving effective peak concentrations ≥ 5 mg/L, but PTAs for effective peak concentrations ≥ 10 mg/L varied considerably from 5% to 100% based on dose, gestation, and postnatal age. PTAs for trough concentrations ≤ 1 mg/L ranged from 0% to 100%, being lowest among extremely preterm infants. Conclusions: Current Australian gentamicin guidelines demonstrate significant variability in their ability to achieve defined therapeutic targets, necessitating efforts to improve standardisation of dosing recommendations. Further research to define optimal pharmacodynamic targets in neonates with respect to clinical outcomes are also urgently warranted.
Antioxidant Activity of Honey Bee Products
Authors: Tlak Gajger Ivana , Vlainić Josipa
Published: January 2025

Antioxidants have gained significant importance in modern nutrition [...]
The Influence of Personality Traits and Domain Knowledge on the Quality of Decision-Making in Engineering Design
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Wang Guoxin
Published: January 2025

In engineering design, the decision-making process holds significant importance as it plays an important role in determining the outcomes of a task. The decision-making process is notably influenced by various factors, with particular focus on the personality traits and information available. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively investigate the effects of these factors on quality and confidence in decision-making within the context of engineering design. To achieve this objective, we utilized a simulated design environment that can capture decision-making information. The analysis of personality traits was carried out utilizing the complete Big Five model, while the estimate of the structural equation model was executed by employing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and a machine learning model for quality estimation. The available empirical research indicates that individuals who have a lower degree of extraversion and agreeableness, and higher levels of conscientiousness and openness, are more likely to make decisions of higher quality. These characteristics have been found to have no significant effect on the levels of confidence during the process of making decisions. Furthermore, it was found that the trait of neuroticism has a negative impact on the quality of decision-making but does not have a significant impact on decision-making confidence. The noticeable finding was the strong impact of test-assessed knowledge on decision quality and confidence, in contrast to the lack of significant effect of self-assessed knowledge. This highlights the importance of carefully aligning tasks with individual personality traits in organizations working in the engineering design sector and prioritizing factual demonstrated knowledge rather than subjective self-assessment when assigning decision-making positions to individuals. These findings highlight the importance of considering personality traits and domain knowledge in educational and professional settings to enhance decision-making quality and confidence among engineering students, potentially informing targeted training and assessment practices.
Parametric Analysis of Control Techniques for 15 MW Semi-Submersible Floating Wind Turbine
Authors: Jeon Taesu , Kim Byung-Soo , Kim Jaecheon , Paek Insu , Lim Chang-Hyuck
Published: January 2025

In this study, a composite control algorithm based on classical control methods is developed to achieve all control objectives, such as power production, load reduction, and motion reduction, for the floating wind turbine. In previous studies, peak shaving and nacelle feedback were used together to reduce both platform motion and the tower-base loads of floating wind turbines. The new approach presented in this study not only addresses the platform motion and tower loads but also aims to mitigate the rotor speed fluctuations and the blade loads by additionally introducing feedforward control and individual pitch control. This expansion enhances the applicability and control performance of classical control algorithms. To achieve this, parametric simulations were conducted using OpenFAST to assess the effects of control parameter variations for each control technique. The simulation results showed that the proposed control algorithm significantly reduced the rotor speed fluctuations, tower loads, blade loads, and platform motion compared with the baseline controller.
The Effectiveness of Unimodal and Multimodal Warnings on Drivers’ Response Time: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Ao , Ma Ko-Hsuan , Choi Annebella Tsz Ho , Hu Duoduo , Hu Chuan-Peng , Peng Peng , He Jibo
Published: January 2025

Driving warning systems are of great help in notifying emergencies. Based on the results of former studies as well as the multisensory integration effect (MIE), the current meta-analysis investigated the effectiveness of utilizing unimodal (i.e., auditory, visual, and tactile) and multimodal (i.e., bimodal and trimodal) driving warning systems in drivers’ response time. Sixty eligible articles representing 308 individual studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed: First, both auditory warnings (pooled Hedges’ g = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.61, p < 0.01) and tactile warnings (pooled Hedges’ g = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.22 to 1.32, p < 0.01) were found to reduce the response time significantly compared to no warning, but visual warnings did not produce significant benefit; Second, tactile warnings outperformed the visual warnings (pooled Hedges’ g = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.11 to 1.37, p < 0.05); Third, auditory-tactile bimodal warnings surpassed unimodal warnings (p < 0.05); Fourth, drivers’ response time under trimodal warning conditions were shorter than that under bimodal warning conditions but not in a significant level. Overall, the results support multisensory redundant signal effect hypothesis in multimodal conditions. Current study provides a quantitative understanding of the effectiveness of driving warnings and could contribute to the design of related technologies.
Intraoral Scanning Versus Conventional Methods for Obtaining Full-Arch Implant-Supported Prostheses: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vieira Fernanda L. , Carnietto Maísa , Cerqueira Filho José R. A. , Bordini Ester A. F. , Oliveira Hiskell F. F. , Pegoraro Thiago A. , Santiago Junior Joel F.
Published: January 2025

There is still no consensus on whether intraoral scanning for producing full-arch implant-supported prostheses is effective. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to analyze clinical studies that evaluated intraoral scanning versus conventional impression to obtain rehabilitation of full-arch fixed prostheses and removable. Registration was carried out in the PROSPERO database (CRD: 42020152197). Searches were performed in 11 databases. Review Manager 7.2 (2024) software was used for the quantitative analysis stage (α = 0.05). Bias analysis was conducted using the ROBINS-I and ROB scales, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE scale. The initial search showed 33,975 abstracts and titles, from which, after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 11 clinical studies were selected. Based on the studies collected, it was observed that there was no difference in the comparison between the digital (DG) and conventional (CG) groups for the following criteria: technical and biological complication rates and marginal bone loss (p > 0.05). The analysis of clinical execution time highlights a notable advantage of the DG over the CG at both scanned patient and implant levels (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, CG achieved fewer retakes than the DG (p < 0.05), demonstrating its reliability in execution. It is concluded that the survival rates of full-arch fixed prostheses produced using intraoral scanning are comparable to those achieved with traditional impression techniques, providing a reliable option for patients. However, further clinical studies are necessary due to the variability in clinical protocols.