bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvisation and Communicative Agency: Contribution of an Improvisational Model to the Analysis of Communicative Agency
Authors: Lie Håkon , Nafstad Anne V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Persons with congenital deafblindness mainly communicate using the bodily tactile modality. Their expressive communication is often formulated by an authentic language that gives the persons with congenital deafblindness low readability towards the rest of the world. This can be an obstacle for the development of their communicative agency. In the present study it is investigated whether a theoretical approach to improvisation can contribute to the development of communicative agency in a person with congenital deafblindness with low readability and authentic language in a dialogical perspective. 
Method: The study employs a qualitative design conducted as a dialogical single case study. Even though this research is based only on one recording of a communicative encounter between a person with deafblindness and her communication partner, it is assumed that the study can be used as a representative case study for people with low readability and authentic language. 
A video of communication between a person with CDB and a sighted/hearing communication partner is transcribed and the transcription is analysed in three stages through 1) Conversational analysis (CA), 2) Improvisation analysis and 3) Subjectivity/intersubjectivity analysis. 
Results: The Conversation analysis proved useful to identify complex turn-taking patterns in the communication. Through the improvisation model it was possible to define the degree of subjectivity/intersubjectivity in every utterance by each participant, as well as how each act was met by the other. With the improvisation model discriminations could be made between the different modalities, as vocal speech and bodily tactile acts.  Regarding communicative agency, the model was useful to analyze degrees of self-expression as well as the balance of subjectivity and intersubjectivity between the participants. 
Conclusion and discussion: The model of improvisation contributed to specify subjectivity/intersubjectivity and multimodality in communication, though it did not contribute to the analysis of turn-taking. The model contributed to the development of communicative agency by pointing to the open-ended outcome for each utterance as the most important factor for developing and sustaining communicative agency. 
Limitations: The main limitation of this study was that the analyses were performed on only one video-clip with one dyad. Due to time constraints, a consensus check could not be carried out. Recommendations for future research is that, since this is a very innovative method in the deafblind field, replications of the study should be performed on more dyads, different dialogues and more video clips. 
Recommendation for practice: The combination of conversation analysis and improvisation analyses can very well be used with focus groups of care professionals in clinical practice under supervision of a trained expert in this method of communication analyses.
Scale-up of Digital Innovations in Health Care: Expert Commentary on Enablers and Barriers
Authors: Schlieter Hannes , Marsch Lisa A , Whitehouse Diane , Otto Lena , Londral Ana Rita , Teepe Gisbert Wilhelm , Benedict Martin , Ollier Joseph , Ulmer Tom , Gasser Nathalie , Ultsch Sabine , Wollschlaeger Bastian , Kowatsch Tobias
Published: December 2021

Health care delivery is undergoing a rapid change from traditional processes toward the use of digital health interventions and personalized medicine. This movement has been accelerated by the COVID-19 crisis as a response to the need to guarantee access to health care services while reducing the risk of contagion. Digital health scale-up is now also vital to achieve population-wide impact: it will only accomplish sustainable effects if and when deployed into regular health care delivery services. The question of how sustainable digital health scale-up can be successfully achieved has, however, not yet been sufficiently resolved. This paper identifies and discusses enablers and barriers for scaling up digital health innovations. The results discussed in this paper were gathered by scientists and representatives of public bodies as well as patient organizations at an international workshop on scaling up digital health innovations. Results are explored in the context of prior research and implications for future work in achieving large-scale implementations that will benefit the population as a whole.
Optimizing Existing Mental Health Screening Methods in a Dementia Screening and Risk Factor App: Observational Machine Learning Study
Authors: Kuleindiren Narayan , Rifkin-Zybutz Raphael Paul , Johal Monika , Selim Hamzah , Palmon Itai , Lin Aaron , Yu Yizhou , Alim-Marvasti Ali , Mahmud Mohammad
Published: December 2021

Background

Mindstep is an app that aims to improve dementia screening by assessing cognition and risk factors. It considers important clinical risk factors, including prodromal symptoms, mental health disorders, and differential diagnoses of dementia. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depression (PHQ-9) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) are widely validated and commonly used scales used in screening for depression and anxiety disorders, respectively. Shortened versions of both (PHQ-2/GAD-2) have been produced.

Objective

We sought to develop a method that maintained the brevity of these shorter questionnaires while maintaining the better precision of the original questionnaires.

Methods

Single questions were designed to encompass symptoms covered in the original questionnaires. Answers to these questions were combined with PHQ-2/GAD-2, and anonymized risk factors were collected by Mindset4Dementia from 2235 users. Machine learning models were trained to use these single questions in combination with data already collected by the app: age, response to a joke, and reporting of functional impairment to predict binary and continuous outcomes as measured using PHQ-9/GAD-7. Our model was developed with a training data set by using 10-fold cross-validation and a holdout testing data set and compared to results from using the shorter questionnaires (PHQ-2/GAD-2) alone to benchmark performance.

Results

We were able to achieve superior performance in predicting PHQ-9/GAD-7 screening cutoffs compared to PHQ-2 (difference in area under the curve 0.04, 95% CI 0.00-0.08, P=.02) but not GAD-2 (difference in area under the curve 0.00, 95% CI –0.02 to 0.03, P=.42). Regression models were able to accurately predict total questionnaire scores in PHQ-9 (R2=0.655, mean absolute error=2.267) and GAD-7 (R2=0.837, mean absolute error=1.780).

Conclusions

We app-adapted PHQ-4 by adding brief summary questions about factors normally covered in the longer questionnaires. We additionally trained machine learning models that used the wide range of additional information already collected in Mindstep to make a short app-based screening tool for affective disorders, which appears to have superior or equivalent performance to well-established methods.
Economic Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer Between 2000 and 2015 in Saskatchewan: Study Protocol
Authors: Penz Erika Dianne , Fenton Benjamin John , Hu Nianping , Marciniuk Darcy
Published: December 2021

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are both detrimental diseases that present great burdens on society. Years of life lost (YLL), premature years of life lost (PYLL), working years lost (WYL), and productivity loss are all effective measures in identifying economic burden of disease.

Objective

We propose a population-based study to analyze comprehensive provincial cohorts of Saskatchewan residents with COPD, lung cancer, and combined COPD and lung cancer in order to identify the burden these diseases present.

Methods

Saskatchewan residents over the age of 35 years who had COPD, lung cancer, or both, between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, will be identified and used in this study. Data for analysis including age, gender, and date of death, alongside Statistics Canada income estimates, will be used to estimate productivity loss and WYL. Statistics Canada life tables will be used to calculate YLL and PYLL by subtracting the patients’ ages at death by their life expectancies, adjusted using sex and age at death.
We will link the Saskatchewan cancer registry with Saskatchewan health administrative databases to create three cohorts: (1) COPD; (2) lung cancer; and (3) COPD and lung cancer. Individuals with lung cancer will be identified using ICDO-T (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology-Topography) codes, and those with COPD will be defined and identified as individuals who had at least 1 visit to a physician with a diagnosis of COPD or 1 hospital separation with a diagnosis of COPD. Those without a valid health care coverage for a consecutive 12 months prior to the first diagnostic code will be excluded from the study. Those with a combined diagnosis of COPD and lung cancer will be identified as individuals who were diagnosed with COPD in the 12 months following their lung cancer diagnosis or anytime preceding their lung cancer diagnosis.

Results

As of April 2021, we have had access to all relevant data for this study, have received funding (January 2020), and have begun the preliminary analysis of our data set.

Conclusions

It is well documented that COPD and lung cancer are both destructive diseases in terms of YLL, PYLL, WYL, and productivity loss; however, no studies have been conducted to analyze a cohort with combined COPD and lung cancer. Understanding the economic burden associated with each of our 3 cohorts is necessary in understanding and thus reducing the societal impact of COPD and lung cancer.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR1-10.2196/31350
A Novel Digital Self-management Intervention for Symptoms of Fatigue, Pain, and Urgency in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Describing the Process of Development
Authors: Sweeney Louise , Windgassen Sula , Artom Micol , Norton Christine , Fawson Sophie , Moss-Morris Rona
Published: December 2021

Background

Empirical studies and systematic reviews have demonstrated the role of biological, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional factors in fatigue, pain, and urgency in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Behavioral management that addresses the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional factors offered alongside medical treatment is seldom available to people with IBD. Digital interventions provide a potentially scalable and cost-effective way of providing behavioral support to patients.

Objective

This paper aimed to describe the process of developing a supported digital self-management intervention for fatigue, pain, and urgency in IBD using theory and evidence-based approaches and stakeholder input.

Methods

The Medical Research Council framework for complex health interventions and a person-based approach were used to guide intervention development, consulting with 87 patients with IBD and 60 nurses. These frameworks informed the selection and use of a theoretical model that subsequently guided cognitive behaviorally based intervention content. They also guided the design of tailored digital intervention pathways for individuals with IBD that matched the predominant symptoms.

Results

A transsymptomatic cognitive behavioral framework of symptom perpetuation was developed for the symptoms of fatigue, pain, and urgency in IBD. A logic model was used to define the intervention techniques. Patient feedback and qualitative interviews refined the website content and functionalities, including the use of visual aids, email reminders, and graphical tracking of symptoms. Nurse focus groups informed the volume and delivery model of the therapist facilitator support. Ratings of acceptability out of 10 following feasibility testing (31/87, 36%) demonstrated accessibility (scoring 9.43, SD 1.040), ease (scoring 8.07, SD 3.205), clarity, and the relevant tone of the intervention. The final intervention comprised 12 web-based sessions (8 core and 4 symptom-specific), with one 30-minute facilitator phone call following session 1 and subsequent on-site messaging.

Conclusions

The use of theory and integration of stakeholders’ views throughout informed the development of an evidence-based digital intervention for fatigue, pain, and urgency in IBD. This is the first web-based self-management intervention designed to address these multiple symptoms with the aim of improving the quality of life and reducing the symptom burden of IBD. The intervention is being tested in a large multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Trial Registration

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN71618461; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN71618461
Influence of Maternal Exposure to Mass Media on Growth Stunting Among Children Under Five: Mediation Analysis Through the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Program
Authors: Huo Shutong , Wang Kai , Liu Zongchao , Yang Yuao , Hee Jia Yi , He Qiwei , Takesue Rie , Tang Kun
Published: December 2021

Background

The issue of malnutrition in the Democratic Republic of Congo is severe. Meanwhile, the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene program has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing the rates of growth stunting among children.

Objective

We aimed to explore the association between maternal exposure to mass media and stunting in children through water, sanitation, and hygiene behaviors.

Methods

Mediation analysis was conducted using data from the 2018 Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys.

Results

Mothers’ exposures to television and the internet in the Democratic Republic of Congo significantly decreases the risk of stunting in children by 5% and 10%, respectively, mediated by household water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities and practices.

Conclusions

These findings could inform interventions and policies to reduce the rate of stunting rate children by promoting water, sanitation, and hygiene through mass media, especially through the internet and television.
Микроскопия сверхвысокого разрешения в биомедицине и биологии
Authors: Яминский И.В. , Ахметова А.И. , Сенотрусова С.А.
Published: December 2021

Оптический микроскоп – распространенный и простой прибор для изучения объектов в микромасштабе, особенно в области биологии, биомедицины, химии. Значительное ограничение в использовании оптической микроскопии – предел оптической дифракции, который составляет примерно 250 нм в белом свете при длине волны около 550 нм и числовой апертуре микроскопа 1,0. Этого разрешения часто недостаточно для визуализации клеточных органелл, тканей, вирусных и бактериальных частиц. Микросфера на поверхности образца может преодолеть это ограничение и визуализировать структуры размером до 25 нм.
АНАЛИЗ МЕТОДОВ ПОИСКА ТРАССЫ И ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИИ МЕСТ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЙ ПОЛНОСТЬЮ ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО ОПТИЧЕСКОГО КАБЕЛЯ
Authors: Гуреев В. , Попов Б. , Попов В. , Яблочкин К.
Published: December 2021

В статье представлен анализ методов поиска трассы линии связи и локализации мест повреждений полностью диэлектрического оптического кабеля. Показано, что для этих целей наиболее перспективно совместное применение электронного маркирования и систем акустического мониторинга с использованием оптических волокон кабеля в качестве распределенного акустического сенсора.
Symmetry-protected sign problem and magic in quantum phases of matter
Authors: Ellison Tyler D. , Kato Kohtaro , Liu Zi-Wen , Hsieh Timothy H.
Published: December 2021

We introduce the concepts of a symmetry-protected sign problem and symmetry-protected magic to study the complexity of symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases of matter. In particular, we say a state has a symmetry-protected sign problem or symmetry-protected magic, if finite-depth quantum circuits composed of symmetric gates are unable to transform the state into a non-negative real wave function or stabilizer state, respectively. We prove that states belonging to certain SPT phases have these properties, as a result of their anomalous symmetry action at a boundary. For example, we find that one-dimensional Z2×Z2 SPT states (e.g. cluster state) have a symmetry-protected sign problem, and two-dimensional Z2 SPT states (e.g. Levin-Gu state) have symmetry-protected magic. Furthermore, we comment on the relation between a symmetry-protected sign problem and the computational wire property of one-dimensional SPT states. In an appendix, we also introduce explicit decorated domain wall models of SPT phases, which may be of independent interest.
PENGARUH BAURAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DITINJAU DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM (STUDI KONSUMEN TOKO RATU TEXTILE BANDA ACEH)
Authors: Kinanti Mutiara , Hafidhah Hafidhah , Rina Aida
Published: December 2021

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilakukan di toko Ratu Textile pada konsumen yang pernah melakukan pembelian ulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat “Pengaruh Bauran Promosi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian ditinjau dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam (Studi Konsumen Toko Ratu Textile Banda Aceh”. Variabel yang diambil pada penelitian ini adalah periklanan, promosi penjualan dan penjualan pribadi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, dimana sampel yang diambil sebanyak 125 responden yaitu seluruh pelanggan toko Ratu Textile di Banda Aceh. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yaitu mengedarkan daftar pertanyaan dalam bentuk kuesioner. Metode analisis penelitian dilakukan menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa periklanan, promosi penjualan, dan penjualan pribadi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian dibuktikan dengan Fhitung > Ftabel yaitu 56,228 > 2,68. Periklanan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian hasil ini dibuktikan dengan Thitung < Ttabel 1,902 < 1,979. Promosi penjualan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian hasil ini dibuktikan dengan Thitung > Ttabel 3,098 > 1,979. Penjualan pribadi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian hasil ini dibuktikan dengan Thitung > Ttabel 6,307 > 1,979.
The Implications of Understanding Contextual Hadith on Religious Radicalism (Case Study of Darus-Sunnah International Institute for Hadith Sciences)
Authors: Thohari Fuad , Muslim Moch. Bukhori , Zada Khamami , Misbahuddin Misbahuddin
Published: December 2021

In hadith studies, many conclusions state that textual reasoning towards hadith is the main cause of intolerance and radicalism. This makes some scholars such as Yusuf al-Qardhawi and Ali Mustafa Yakub offer a more complex understanding of hadith involving asbab wurud al-hadith, al-wahdah al-maudhu'iyyah fi al-hadith, ikhtilaf al-ahadith and so on. Hadith reasoning like this is considered by some as a contextualization of hadith that will prevent someone from religious radicalism. This study wants to answer the question, to what extent does contextual reasoning in hadith prevent a person from religious radicalism? Researchers will examine the formulation of contextual hadith reasoning initiated by Ali Mustafa Yaqub in al-Thuruq al-Shahihah fi Fahm al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah and standards of religious radicalism initiated by LIPI in the Strategy for Anticipating Radicalism and Religious Intolerance in Indonesia. Each will be used as an independent variable and dependent variable. This research is mixed research with the type of field research. The data processing technique used is a simple regression test using the SPSS 20 program. The research object of this study is the Mahasantri Darus-Sunnah International Institute for Hadith Sciences with a total of 32 people. While the sampling system in this study is a random sample. The results of this study indicate that contextual hadith reasoning has a sig. 0.008 which is less than 0.05 so it is said to have a significant effect between contextual hadith reasoning on religious radicalism. The magnitude of the influence of this hadith reasoning itself is 21.2%. The direction of the effect is negative with a magnitude of -.643 at a constant of 69.792. This means that there is a negative relationship between contextual hadith reasoning and religious radicalism. The more contextual a person's understanding of hadith is, the further away he is from radicalism.
Analysis of The Emergency Reasons in The Application of Marriage Dispensation at The Tenggarong Religious Court
Authors: Andar Yuni Lilik
Published: December 2021

The increase of the minimum marriage age is intended to reduce the number of child marriages. However, Article 7 section (2) of the marriage law revision states that marriage dispensation can be requested for emergency reasons if a deviation takes place. Consequently, marriage dispensations in various regions have drastically increased after the revision. Hence, judges’ active role is needed to adjudicate this case, including classifying the criteria of emergency reasons and judges’ considerations to grant the application of marriage dispensation. This study was normative and empirical legal research, and collected data through documentation and library study. The data source was secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, including Law no. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage, Law no. 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974, the Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for Adjudicating Marriage Dispensation Cases and Granting Marriage Dispensation, and secondary legal materials including scientific journals and articles. The study approach was a study case, and the data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. This study found that “emergency reasons” as judges’ consideration in deciding a marriage dispensation at the Tenggarong Religious Court as were: (1) having been in a long period of relationship; (2) an unexpected pregnancy, (3) often going to a date, and (4) living in the same house as the prospective husband.
Early Child Marriage: Customary Law, Support System, and Unwed Pregnancy in Gorontalo
Authors: Wantu Sastro Mustapa , Abdullah Irwan , Tamu Yowan , Sari Intan Permata
Published: December 2021

The rate of underage marriage in Gorontalo is very high, even though religion, customs and state laws prohibit it. The results of the direct interviews conducted and the observations made indicate that poverty, low levels of education and matchmaking myths may have caused this increase. Furthermore, the increasingly high level of promiscuity and weakened socio-cultural ties have led to an increase in the number of extramarital pregnancies, and forced marriage is unavoidable to maintain the dignity of the community. It was discovered that most married couples do not wed legally until they have problems in their marriage and seek a divorce. Moreover, women must also be responsible for their life choices because this paper shows that poor service practices have caused underage women to be objectified by physical, social and symbolic violence. The unavailability of a support system from the government and society makes a partner rely on the kindness of his or her parents. Therefore, it was suggested that government intervention, in the form of prevention and support systems for underage married women, must be integrated with the role of the community and religious leaders.
Pengobatan Malaria di Perkotaan dan Pedesaan di Indonesia (Analisis Lanjut Riskesdas 2013)
Authors: Kinansi Revi Rosavika , Pratamawati Diana Andriyani , Mayasari Rika
Published: December 2021

Malaria control in Indonesia still against many challenges, especially in terms of malaria treatment. One of the causes of low coverage of Artemisin Based Combination Therapy (ACT) is that several locations are no longer malaria endemic, being negligent with malaria cases coming from endemic areas, so that patients are not immediately diagnosed as malaria patients. The purpose of this further analysis was to describe malaria treatment based on Plasmodium species associated with access, time, and administration of ACT treatment between urban and rural areas. The method used is descriptive analysis of secondary data from Basic Health Research in 2013 as many as 1,027,763 people by taking the unit of analysis of individuals who have been diagnosed with malaria by health personnel and individuals whose blood test results are positive for malaria. The results of the analysis provide information that in urban and rural areas, the treatment of P. falciparum and P. vivax is classified as good, namely the majority received ACT treatment, the time to receive ACT treatment was within the first 24 hours, and ACT treatment was given within 3 days of being drunk. However, it was found that in rural areas, P. vivax treatment was still not good because the majority did not receive ACT treatment. The implementation of malaria control in areas that are easily accessible and well-targeted are groups that can afford the costs involved in accessing targeted interventions by public subsidized programs. This encourages all regions to have good health services that provide better access to malaria control interventions.
Bioremediation of river sediment polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls: A laboratory study
Authors: Zeradjanin Aleksandra , Joksimovic Kristina , Avdalovic Jelena , Gojgic-Cvijovic Gordana , Nakano Takeshi , Miletic Srdjan , Ilic Mila , Beskoski Vladimir
Published: December 2021

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are lipophilic, constant and bioaccumulative toxic compounds. In general, they are considered resistant to biological, photolytic, and chemical degradation with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) belonging to these chemicals. PCBs were never produced in Serbia, but they were imported and mainly used in electrical equipment, transformers, and capacitors. Our study aimed to analyse sequential multi-stage aerobic/anaerobic microbial biodegradation of PCBs present in the river sediment from the area known for long-term pollution with these chemicals. The study with an autochthonous natural microbial community (NMC model system) and NMC augmented with allochthonous hydrocarbon-degrading (AHD) microorganisms (isolated from location contaminated with petroleum products) (NMC-AHD model system) was performed in order to estimate the potential of these microorganisms for possible use in future bioremediation treatment of these sites. The laboratory biodegradation study lasted 70 days, after which an overall >33 % reduction in the concentration of total PCBs was observed. This study confirmed the strong potential of the NMC for the reduction of the level of PCBs in the river sediment under alternating multi-stage aerobic/anaerobic conditions.
Design guidelines for laser powder bed fusion in Inconel 718
Authors: Herzog Dirk , Asami Karim , Scholl Christoph , Ohle Christoph , Emmelmann Claus , Sharma Ashish , Markovic Nick , Harris Andy
Published: December 2021

Additive manufacturing (AM) has been leveraged across various industries to potentially open design spaces allowing the design of parts to reduce the weight, cost, and integrated design. Over the past decade, AM has sped up fast enough to penetrate various industry offering potential solutions for multiple materials, such as metals, alloys, plastics, polymers, etc. However, challenges lie to best utilize the opened design spaces as current generation engineers are trained to design parts for the conventional manufacturing process. With this lack of design guidelines for the AM process, users are limiting themselves to best utilize the offering made by advanced manufacturing. For aerospace parts, the design freedom of additive manufacturing is attractive mainly for two purposes: for weight reduction through lighter, integrated design concepts as well as for functional optimization of parts aiming at an increase of performance, e.g., by optimizing flow paths. For both purposes, it is vital to understand the material-specific and manufacturing process design limits. In AM, combination of each material and manufacturing process defines the design space by influencing minimum thickness, angle, roughness, etc. This paper outlines a design guideline for the laser powder bed fusion (also DMLM, direct metal laser melting) AM process with Inconel 718 material. Inconel 718 is a superalloy with superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures up to 700 °C and is, therefore, used in several applications including aerospace engine parts. Due to its weldability, the alloy has also been extensively investigated in laser powder bed fusion and other additive manufacturing processes. A comprehensive study is provided both analytically and experimentally suggesting how parts can be designed having critical design features, manufacturing direction/orientation to meet design requirements, design accuracy, and quality. Design features presented include walls, overhangs, bore holes, and teardrop shapes, with their minimal feature sizes and effects on accuracy and roughness of the build parts. For the light-weight design of parts, different concepts such as lattices and stiffener structures are discussed. For gas or liquid carrying flow channels, the geometrical form and size are highlighted. Based on an approach by Kranz et al., design guidelines for Inconel 718 are derived from the experiments and provided in the form of a catalog for easy application.
Analysis of Clinical Features and Transmission of Potential of COVID-19 Infection from Pregnant Mother to Baby
Authors: Dutta Shawni
Published: December 2021

Pregnant woman needs special care by an experience doctors. During the time of pregnancy of woman several disorders such as diabetes and high blood pressure may occur and these increase the risk for the baby. So it is needed to consult experienced gynaecologist to get in the best physical condition possible before they become pregnant. It is also needed to assess that if there is any possibility of premature birth. This paper indicates the problems related to pregnant woman during COVID-19 and analysed the chronic illnesses and other health complications.
VARIOUS APPROXIMATIONS OF VERTICAL TURBULENT EXCHANGE PARAMETERIZATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE WAVES HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT ON THE BOTTOM OF THE RESERVOIR
Authors:   Chekhov Taganrog Institute Taganrog branch of Rostov State University of Economics, Taganrog, Russia, Sidoryakina V.V. , Protsenko S.V.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the possibilities of using various types of approximations for parametrization of vertical turbulent exchange for calculating and evaluating the hydrophysical characteristics of the wave regime in the accumulative coastal zone of the southwestern corner of the Tsimlyansk reservoir. It is impossible to carry out these studies without using various types and classes of approximations for parametrization of vertical turbulent mixing. Algebraic models for calculating the coefficient of vertical turbulent exchange and semi-empirical turbulence models are compared. Using ADCP data on velocity pulsations for several stations to measure hydrological characteristics, the results of parameterization of the vertical turbulent exchange coefficient were analyzed. The developed numerical algorithms and the software package implementing them are used to study the pressure field, the velocity vector field of the aquatic environment and the prediction of the baric field for this section of the reservoir water area.
Physical principles of venous hemodynamics and its mathematical modeling
Authors: Tauraginskii Roman A , Simakov Sergei , Lurie Fedor , Borsuk Denis
Published: December 2021

In physiological conditions, the cardiovascular system (CVS) is a closed circulatory system comprising a pump (the heart), a conduit system (vasculature), and a continuum media (blood) moving through the system. The heart is a major source of energy in this system. It pumps the blood through the two connected loops. From the mechanical point of view, CVS can be represented as a network of flexible tubes filled with a viscous incompressible fluid driven by a periodic energy source. The fluid dynamics are described by Navier-Stokes's equations, representing the fundamental physical principles of mass and momentum conservation. These equations allow computation of the blood velocity field and pressure depending on the forces exerted to the fluid's surface (surface forces) and to a unit portion of the fluid (mass forces). Equations of structural dynamics describe the motion of the vascular wall. The state-of-the-art models incorporate fluid and structure interaction (FSI). The blood flow in various parts of CVS has different features that must be considered during computational simulations. Elastic properties of the veins and arteries are different. The structural features of veins (valves) limit the backward flow. The geometry of venous cross-sections may be circular, elliptic, and dumbbell-shaped. It changes the flow characteristics. Blood rheology plays a significant role in venous flows. According to the mass conservation law, the work of the heart pump provides energy for the arterial flow and determines venous return to the heart atria. Venous hemodynamics comprises a lot of various processes with different physical and biological origins. Complex analysis of a patient requires computational simulations, which provide medical experts with a basis for prognosis and optimal surgical treatment. In this work, we review basic physical principles and modern mathematical models of venous hemodynamics.
In conclusion, the blood flow in veins can be considered as a mechanical process. It obeys the fundamental physical principles and can be described by the well-known mathematical models of continuum mechanics. Thus, the flow characteristics can be simulated and predicted in various healthy and pathological conditions basing on the boundary conditions and material properties of the blood and veins.
Phlebothrombosis as a complication of early postoperative period of anterior abdominal wall liposuction
Authors: Bachynskyi Viktor , Savka Ivan , Palyvoda Oleh , Garazdiuk Marta , Garazdiuk Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

Due to the increasing number of сosmetic operations to changing nature of the deposition of fat in a particular area of the body (in our case, in the abdomen), surgically, there are cases of examination of the corpses of people who died in the early post- operative period due to pulmonary embolism as phlebothrombosis complications from deep vein of the leg. The article demonstrates types and number of complications, developing in early postoperative period after liposuction, also there are given extracts from the case history and the expert opinion, describing in detail the postoperative period and morphological changes, found during the autopsy and forensic histological examination. Pathogenetic mechanism of postoperative complications and causal relationship between incor- rect postoperative care and lethal outcome are well-grounded.
Forensic characterization of blast injury caused by shrapnel grenade F-1
Authors: Kozlov Serhii , Tkachenko Oleksandr , Zrozhevskyi Roman
Published: December 2021

In the present observation, this picture is typical of the damage that could be dealt with explosion manual remote grenades. Feature provides expert case is the ability to localize the damage determining the position of multiple victims at the moment of explosion for the subsequent reconstruction of the circumstances of the incident.
System DVI Interpol and specialized Plass Data Software incut of international cooperation and postgraduate education of specialists onauthentication of personality
Authors: Mishalov Volodymyr , Kostenko Evhen , Honcharuk-Khomyn Myroslav , Voichenko Valerii
Published: December 2021

Postgraduate training in forensic medicine and dentistry involves the study of current issues related to the implementation of new approaches in victim’s identification during mass disasters and professionals action within international and national analytical and informational programs and courses of identification according to the recommendations DVI / Interpol. World experience of functioning DVI argues the feasibility of using data of dental status in the process of identifying individuals, and the relevance of the specialty of forensic dentist, without the conclusion of which, formulare system output, and interpretation of data in PlassDataSoftware simply impossible. Integration with the use of specialized software Plass Data enhances competence forensic dentistry and forensic examination in terms of adapting the appliedmethodology and theoretical concepts identification of persons in accordance with international standards and recommendations of the coordinating structures during events of emergencies of national and international sizes. This event not only contributes to actualization of methodological issues in this field, but development is already purchased, and the establishment of new international relations, which is an important factor in the possibility of postgraduate training of the specialists according to international criteria and norms using Interpol protocols and specialized software.
Classification of airgun shot injuries
Authors: Kozachenko Ihor
Published: December 2021

Based on the analysis of airgun shot trauma by materials some Bureau of Forensic Medicine of Ukraine for 2006- 2015, using the previously proposed terminology and conceptual apparatus first developed unified classification containing 15th bases required for comprehensive response of airgun shot injuries. This classification is used for the study, description, diagnostics and statistical processing of airgun shot injuries as forensic doctors and clinicians.

Damage caused to a person from modern airguns, currently is not well understood, particularly not classified. Analysis of airgun shot trauma showed that forensic doctors in research and in carrying out examinations of living persons and dead bodies, as well as clinicians in the care of the wounded from the pneumatic weapon need classification of airgun shot injuries which would be determined by their comprehensive features and would unify exploration, description and evaluation of the damage, in particular in formulation of diagnosis and reporting.

Having studied and analyzed data from 98 of the Сonclusions of experts and Acts of the forensic medical examination of living persons (76) and bodies (22) with damage caused by pneumatic weapons made in some Bureau of Forensic Medicine of Ukraine in 2006-2015 as well as scientific works of domestic and foreign authors, devoted to the study of the problem of forensic (37 sources), monolingual, spelling and terminology dictionaries. Airgun shot injuries were divided according to the following fifteen principles: the form of the projectile, the action product shot, location, type of injuries, type of damaged tissues and organs of the body, the number of injuries, the degree of penetration into the body tissues, relative to the external environment, relative of the body, with respect to cavi- ties of the body, relative parts of the body, view of the wound channel, the severity of the injuries, the outcome of injuries, the distance of the shot.

Conclusions: 1. The proposed classification will promote unified approach to forensic doctors during the study of airgun shot injuries and performing examinations of living persons and dead bodies of clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of victims, lawyers in assessing the findings of forensic experts. 2. It is considered appropriate to mention in the accounting documents airgun damage separately. 3. Further systematization of airgun shot injuries will provide the necessary methodological bases for their research, which will contribute to a deeper study of this problem.
Experiences of Students with Visual Impairments at an Open Distance and e-Learning University in South Africa: Counselling Perspective
Authors: Pitsoane Enid Manyaku , Matjila Tonny Nelson
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the qualitative study on which this article is based was to explore the experiences of students with visual impairments registered at an Open Distance and e-Learning University in South Africa, through a phenomenological research design. Literature was reviewed on student support in distance education and concepts from the critical disability theory, biopsychosocial model of disability, connectivism and affect theories formed the conceptual framework for the study. Telephonic semi-structured interviews were used as a technique to collect data from seven participants. Data were transcribed and then coded employing ATLAS.ti. The emerged themes centred on students’ counselling experiences, the synergy between the departments, and accessibility of services. It was also determined that students lose academic time due to the lack of resources and study materials in alternative and accessible formats. While policies and implementation plans were claimed to be in place, they do not address the reality on the ground due to a lack of coordination of disability issues, and late referral of students to counselling services. The study recommends the prioritisation of disability issues, and it needs to be incorporated in the wider university’s strategic plan to accelerate its implementation. This will translate to (i) training ICT staff on various computer software programs needed to support students with visual impairments, (ii) developing alternative formative and summative assessments, (iii) developing a graduateness and job readiness intervention programme to empower the students financially and add value to the university’s employment equity agenda, and lastly (iv) putting the disability unit at the centre of all disability matters for coordinating purposes.
Exploring the Role of the Student Affairs Office in Enhancing the Cultural and Social Experiences of International Students in China
Authors: Kaniki Robert Lucas , Kaniki Hilda Lukas
Published: December 2021

Many universities are hosting and enrolling international students as an important aspect of their internationalisation mission of higher education. However, many international students experienced significant problems adjusting into a host culture and social milieu. Informing this qualitative study were 45 international students in a top-tier comprehensive research university in Southeast China. The study focuses on the experience of international students towards the role played by international Fu Da Yuans (Counsellors) in enhancing the students’ cultural and social experiences at the university. The results indicate that the four most significant adjustment issues for international students are the language challenges, social interaction with Chinese students, cultural orientation programmes, and counselling services for international students. Building on the U-Curve adjustment theory (Oberg, 1960), the study revealed the importance of international Fu Da Yuans to provide cultural and social support to international students for easy adjustment into a new culture and social setting. The study bears practical implications to providing international Fu Da Yuans with important insights that can help to create an environment conducive to enhancing the cultural and social experiences of international students.
Student Support and Transition Through a Buddy Programme to Foster Social Integration
Authors: Naidoo Ana , Byles Hestie , Kwenaite Sindi
Published: December 2021

The University of Pretoria (UP) began offering formal academic student support in 2011 when the first faculty student advisor (FSA) was appointed. Although many more FSAs were subsequently appointed, assistance to all the students in need of support remained insufficient. However, financial assistance through the collaboration grant received from the Department of Higher Education and Training in 2018 made it possible to explore new areas of support. The UP was able to pilot four innovations due to the availability of additional funds. These included generic workshops across faculties; the creation of a hub in the library, which served as a common contact point for students requiring assistance; the appointment of peer advisors; and a Buddy Programme for first-year students. This article explains the Buddy Programme as perceived by the senior students who mentored the first-year students. The mentors are known as “big buddies”. Our work on this programme is based on Tinto’s (1975) ideas about social integration. The Buddy Programme was introduced to assist first-year students in their transition from school to university life. This paper highlights the challenges that first-year students faced and it explains how the concepts could become institutionalised once university activities have been normalised in the post-pandemic future.
Making Known the Real: An Exploration of Academic Advising Practices in a South African Higher Education Context
Authors: de Klerk Danie
Published: December 2021

This is the first in a series of papers that emanate from the author’s doctoral research. This research explores academic advising as a profession and academic advisors as practitioners in the South African Higher Education sector; it focuses on advising within the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management (FCLM) at a research-intensive public university in South Africa. During the period of investigation, academic advising engagements between students and the author were logged, thus forming a baseline dataset for the doctoral study. In phase one of the data analysis, baseline data were coded and clustered into overarching and subsidiary categories. The baseline dataset consists of 34 subsidiary categories, which form part of seven overarching categories; it contains 2240 entries based on 1023 consultations with 614 individual students during the three-year period under investigation. Using Archer’s (1995, 2000, 2005) notions about Social Realism as a theoretical framework, the author critically scrutinises the complex nature of the work that academic advisors do in a layered analysis of the baseline data. The author posits that it is through these layers of interpretation that one moves from the layer of the Empirical (experiences), through the layer of the Actual (events), to what Archer calls “the Real”, that is, the layer of mechanisms or underlying driving forces that brings about what happens in the layers of the Empirical and the Actual. This paper focuses specifically on the role of the academic advisor; it postulates inferential observations about academic advising by using the baseline dataset as a way in, while keeping the academic advisor central to the discussion.
Proactive Student Psychosocial Support Intervention Through Life Coaching: A Case Study of a First-Year Chemical Engineering Extended Curriculum Programme
Authors: Mogashana Disaapele , Basitere Moses
Published: December 2021

Higher Education Institutions in South Africa continue to experience considerable dropout rates of students during the first year, especially those from previously marginalised population groups. The aim of this research was to evaluate how the use of life coaching interventions providing first year students with psychosocial support, influenced their first-year experience. Both quantitative and qualitative data was collected through a questionnaire at the end of the academic year, approximately four months after the intervention, to evaluate students’ experiences of the intervention. Results indicate that students felt that the intervention helped them avoid dropping out of university prematurely, respond better to failure during the year, and improve their self-awareness and academic performance. In conclusion, the results suggest that the use of life coaching intervention as a proactive means of harnessing student agency, may be beneficial to their academic performance, and in improving their lives in general. The study recommends that further research be conducted to explore the use of small group life coaching for providing students with psychosocial support, and also explore this intervention’s cost-effectiveness in different contexts.