bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrous Iron(III)-Tin(IV) Binary Mixed Oxide: Arsenic Adsorption Behaviour from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ghosh Uday Chand , Bandyopadhyay Durjoy , Manna Biswaranjan , Mandal Manik
Published: May 2018

Groundwater in the Bengal delta plain is primarily in an anoxic environment and As(III)/As(total) ratios reported are in the range of 0.60 to 0.90. Most of the studied adsorbents showed greater adsorption affinity for less toxic As(V) than for more toxic As(III). The synthesis and physicochemical characterizations of iron(III)-tin(IV) binary mixed oxide composite with systematic arsenic adsorption behaviour are reported here. The parameters studied are the effect of pH, adsorption capacity with varying arsenic loads, contact time for kinetics and isotherm modelling by batch method. In the pH range of 3.0 to 9.0, the adsorption of As(III) is found to be nearly the same while that of As(V) decreases with increasing pH for the studied arsenic concentrations (5.0 to 20.0 mg L-1). The adsorption data were analyzed using various kinetic and isotherm model equations. The rate of adsorption of As(III) was faster than that of As(V) at equilibrium pH ~7.0 and temperature 30(± 2)°C. The adsorption kinetic data for arsenic fitted best with the Ho's pseudo-second order [R2 ~0.99–1.00 for As(III) and ~0.97–0.98 for As(V)] and parabolic diffusion (R2 ~0.98–0.99) equations. The present kinetic data fitted the power function and simple Elovich kinetic equations well (R2 = ~0.97–1.00), except the data obtained for As(III) from the 20.0 mg L-1 solution. The analyses of adsorption data for As(III) and As(V), respectively, at equilibrium pH 6.8(±0.1) and 7.3(±0.1) with three different two-parameter isotherm model equations show the fitting order: Langmuir < Freundlich >Temkin. The monolayer adsorption capacity (θ0, mg g-1) values evaluated from the Langmuir isotherm for As(III) and As(V) are 43.86 and 27.55, respectively.
Male Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Exposed to a Time-Course of Urban Sewage Effluent Exhibit a Sporadic Low Incidence of Sex Reversal and Intersex
Authors: Campbell Pamela M. , Fernandez Marc P. , Royston Stephanie , Smith Jack L. , van Poppelen Paul , Ikonomou Michael G. , Devlin Robert H.
Published: May 2018

Developing coho salmon alevin (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were exposed to concentrations of 1 to 10% municipal wastewater effluent (MWWE) during the labile period of sexual differentiation. MWWE was collected at regular time intervals from a municipal wastewater treatment plant during a 4-week period that coincided with the latter part of the spawning season of coho salmon. The salmon were exposed, from just prior to hatch until 28 d post hatch, to MWWE collected at 3 a.m., 8 a.m., 3 p.m. or 8 p.m. Subsequent gonadal development was assessed by histology and compared to genetic sex as determined by Y-chromosomal DNA markers. The MWWE (analyzed using GC-HRMS) had relatively high concentrations of steroidal estrogens and other endocrine active substances at some time points during the exposure period. A low incidence of intersex and sex reversal was noted in the coho salmon exposed to MWWE collected at only two time points; 3 a.m. (1% MWWE) and 8 p.m. (10% MWWE), and ≤19% of the male fish in these exposure groups were affected. The coho salmon utilized were of wild genetic backgrounds and thus the sporadic nature of the response observed may be due to a significant genetic influence on the ability to respond to exogenous hormones at this early stage of development.
Using Pilot-Scale Investigations to Estimate the Remaining Geosmin and MIB Removal Capacity of Full-Scale GAC-Capped Drinking Water Filters
Authors: Ndiongue Souleymane , Anderson William B. , Tadwalkar Abhay , Rudnickas John , Lin Margaret , Huck Peter M.
Published: May 2018

Pilot tests were conducted to investigate the removal of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) by new and semi-exhausted granular activated carbon (GAC) extracted from full-scale filters located in the City of Toronto's drinking water treatment facilities. Four pilot filters containing core-sampled GAC and new sand were fed with settled water from a full-scale plant and operated under conditions similar to those employed at full-scale. None of the pilot filters appeared to be capable of reducing geosmin and MIB concentrations to below the commonly cited threshold odour limits of 4 ng/L for geosmin and 9 ng/L for MIB at the influent levels tested. When operated at a 5-min empty bed contact time (EBCT) with geosmin influent concentrations in the range of about 70 to 110 ng/L, removals ranged from 10 to 38% in filters with 25 to 30 cm of used GAC. In the filter with 25 cm of new GAC, removal was 83%. When operated with a 7.5-min EBCT, the filter containing 95 cm of used bituminous GAC removed 78% of the geosmin present in the influent. For both geosmin and MIB, the effluent concentration and the amount removed increased as influent concentration increased, as was expected. In general, geosmin was better removed than MIB.
Kinetics of PAA Demand and its Implications on Disinfection of Wastewaters
Authors: Falsanisi Dario , Gehr Ronald , Santoro Domenico , Dell'Erba Adele , Notarnicola Michele , Liberti Lorenzo
Published: May 2018

Disinfectant demand and microbial inactivation rate are essential issues for assessing disinfection performance and proper design of disinfecting systems. In the United Kingdom and Italy, peracetic acid (PAA) has recently become an accepted disinfectant for treating wastewaters prior to reuse in agriculture, and its use is likely to spread worldwide due to its efficacy as well as the benign nature of the by-products produced. In this paper, overall PAA demand during the advanced disinfection of municipal wastewater for agricultural reuse was evaluated under different experimental conditions. Batch tests were carried out using primary and secondary settled effluents sampled at the City of Taranto municipal wastewater treatment plant. PAA dosages ranged from 1.5 to 8.5 mg/L and from 21 to 40 mg/L for the secondary and primary settled effluents, respectively. Residual PAA was measured after contact times ranging from 1 to 60 min. Results showed that after a strong and almost instantaneous initial disinfectant consumption, the PAA consumption followed first-order kinetics with both effluents. The effluent characteristics affected the values of the parameters in the consumption model. PAA disinfection efficacy was assessed in terms of total coliform and Escherichia coli indicator organism reduction; better results were achieved with the latter. The approximate solution of Hom's model established by Haas and Joffe was used to model inactivation kinetics of both microbial targets.
The Effect of Seafood Processing Plant Effluent on Sentinel Fish Species in Coastal Waters of the Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, New Brunswick
Authors: Thériault Marie-Hélène , Courtenay Simon C. , Munkittrick Kelly R. , Chiasson Alyre G.
Published: May 2018

This study evaluated effects of effluents discharged by seafood processing plants on populations of fish living in shallow estuarine waters of the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. To monitor potential nutrient and/or toxicity impacts on fish populations living and possibly feeding in the effluent, we measured indices of survival (age), growth (weight-at-age), reproduction (gonad weight), and energy storage (liver weight, condition factor) on mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) in spring, summer, and fall. Fish exposed to effluents in three bays were compared to fish from a local reference site within the same bay and from regional reference sites in bays without seafood plants. Mummichog caught near seafood processing plants showed a number of differences from reference fish consistent with a localized nutrient enrichment effect including elevated growth (3 of 3 plants), liver size (2 of 3), and condition factor (1 of 3) in at least one of the months sampled. Female silverside caught near one of the three fish plants showed an elevated condition factor in spring, but otherwise silverside did not differ significantly from all four reference sites. In a number of cases, fish exposed to effluent differed from reference fish sampled from bays without fish plants but not from the local reference site, implying that the entire bay was affected either by the seafood processing plant or by some other factors. No harmful impacts such as reduced growth or survival were found in our study, possibly because the processing plants studied were relatively small and the amounts of waste discharged could be flushed by tides and currents and/or assimilated by the fish and other biota in the receiving environments.
Retrieval of Mercury from Wastewater as Stable Mercury Ferrite
Authors: Zade Prashant D. , Dharmadhikari Dattatray M.
Published: May 2018

Mercury contamination in water and wastewater is a global risk and health problem. So there is a concrete need for an eco-friendly process that can remove the toxic mercury ions as well as convert the mercury to a value added product. The black ferruginous mercury ferrite (FMF) as a value added product was synthesized by coprecipitation technique at 50°C. X-ray diffraction studies conducted on FMF obtained using CuKα1 radiation revealed that this crystalline compound has an orthorhombic symmetry. The method described in this study removed mercury ions with greater efficiency compared with the prevalent methods quoted in the literature. The results of thermal analysis of the synthesized compound, on comparison with magnetite (Fe3O4), revealed a shifting of the exothermic peak towards the lower temperature side. This behavior indicates phase transition and sample crystallization. The DC resistivity studies on FMF carried out at various temperatures in the range of 27 to 500°C showed that the compound is a semiconductor in nature and shows sharp changes in the resistivity in the temperature range of 342.38 ± 10°C (Tcelect). The recovered FMF could be used in several applications such as semiconductors, at high temperature applications, to minimize eddy current losses, and as adsorbents as well as catalysts for the reduction of exhaust gas emissions.
A Literature Review of Ultrasound Technology and Its Application in Wastewater Disinfection
Authors: Gibson John H , Yong Darrell Hai Nien , Farnood Ramin R. , Seto Peter
Published: May 2018

In recent years, there has been an increase in the application of ultraviolet (UV) light as an alternative to chemical disinfection technologies. However, in the case of poor quality effluents, the practical limit of UV disinfection of wastewater is dictated by disinfection-resistant, particle-associated bacteria. Although these particles may be removed by filtration, an alternative method to reduce the impact of suspended particles on disinfection efficiency is to decrease particle size using ultrasound technology. Mechanical forces exerted on particles due to the collapse of cavitation bubbles created by sonication break suspended particles into small fragments. In this paper, a critical review of ultrasound application for wastewater treatment is presented with emphasis on disinfection. Much of the work in this area remains at the laboratory scale. As a result, there is a need for fundamental information regarding the effect of sonication on the kinetics of disinfection and interaction of ultrasound with suspended particles. Such information is necessary for process engineering, design, and scale-up of ultrasound systems.
Bench-Scale Evaluation of Sonication as a Pretreatment Process for Ultraviolet Disinfection of Wastewater
Authors: Yong Darrell Hai Nien , Cairns William , Mao Ted , Farnood Ramin R.
Published: May 2018

It is generally known that sonication improves ultraviolet (UV) disinfection kinetics of municipal effluents by breaking large suspended particles. However, the feasibility of sonication as a pretreatment technology largely depends on wastewater quality and discharge requirements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential benefits of ultrasound for improving the UV disinfectability of various effluent types, including primary, activated sludge, and trickling filter effluents. It was found that the tailing level of the dose-response curve at high UV doses (>40 mJ/cm2) decreased with the increased sonication time. The reduction in the tailing level had a strong correlation with the decrease in the number concentration of large particles (<60 µm) such that 1 log reduction in the number concentration of large particles resulted in 1.4, 1.1, and 1.7 log reductions in the tailing level for primary, activated sludge, and trickling filter effluents, respectively. However, the improvement in the UV disinfectability due to sonication was partly offset by the reduction in the UV transmittance of the effluent.
Effect of Suspended Particles on Disinfection of a Physicochemical Municipal Wastewater with Peracetic Acid
Authors: Falsanisi Dario , Gehr Ronald , Liberti Lorenzo , Notarnicola Michele
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of total suspended solids (TSS, which are claimed to be responsible for protecting embedded microorganisms) during disinfection of wastewater with peracetic acid (PAA). In particular, the focus was on a physicochemical effluent, having been treated with ferric chloride for TSS and phosphorus removal. Batch disinfection tests with various PAA dosages and contact times were carried out on the effluent from Montreal's wastewater treatment plant which uses only chemical precipitation and primary sedimentation. In addition to these samples, disinfection of “medium” and “highly” filtered effluents, obtained by sequential filtration through 120- and 10-µm nominal pore size membrane laboratory filters, was investigated. Modified second-order and Selleck model kinetics were used with moderate success to describe disinfectant consumption and microbial inactivation rates, respectively. This study showed that the overall amount of protection afforded by TSS to the microbial indicator considered (i.e., fecal coliforms in this case) was approximately 1.9 logs. TSS size was a key variable in this protection; approximately 1.3 logs and an additional 0.6 logs was the protection afforded by TSS greater than 120 µm, and between 10 µm and 120 µm, respectively. Fecal coliform inactivation of 3.8 to 7.3 logs after 40 minutes contact time could be achieved with a PAA dosage of 2 or 8 mg/L, respectively, in a highly filtered effluent.
Influence of Livestock Manure Type on Transport of Escherichia coli in Surface Runoff
Authors: Miller Jim J. , Beasley Bruce W.
Published: May 2018

Since livestock manure type may influence transport of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in runoff, the choice of which type of livestock manure to apply to cropland may be a potential beneficial management practice (BMP) to reduce and manage E. coli in runoff. Four common manure types (beef, dairy, chicken, hog) were applied to a clay loam soil in small runoff boxes, and a rainfall simulator was used to generate artificial runoff. Runoff samples were collected at three successive time intervals (0 to 5, 5 to 15, 15 to 30 min) and analyzed for flow-weighted mean concentrations (FWMC) of E. coli as well as mass loss of E. coli expressed as a percentage of total E. coli applied. Manure treatment had a significant (p ≤ 0.10) influence on FWMC of E. coli in runoff. The FWMC of E. coli in runoff for the dairy (33.3 CFU per 100 mL) treatment was similar to the control (3.2 CFU per 100 mL), but E. coli concentrations for the beef (955 CFU per 100 mL), chicken (1,134 CFU per 100 mL), and hog (368 CFU per 100 mL) treatments were all significantly greater than the control. The FWMC values were not significantly different among the four manured treatments except for dairy versus chicken manure, where values were significantly lower for dairy manure. Concentrations of E. coli were less than the guideline for recreation waters (< 200 CFU per 100 mL) for the control and dairy treatment, but exceeded this guideline for beef, chicken, and hog manures, suggesting that dairy manure may be better than the other three manures for protecting surface water bodies for recreational use. Our study suggests that manure type may be a possible BMP to manage and control FWMC of E. coli in surface waters.
The Benefits of Biotreatment for Reducing the Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents on Fish Reproduction in Laboratory Tests
Authors: Martel Pierre , Kovacs Tibor , Bérubé Virginie
Published: May 2018

Pulp and paper mill effluents have been reported to cause changes in reproductive indicators of fish in laboratory and field studies. These changes include reduced egg production and gonad size, and altered hormone levels and expression of secondary sex characteristics. We examined the performance of biotreatment plants for their potential in abating effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on fish reproduction under laboratory conditions. A bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) treated in an aerated lagoon and a thermomechanical pulp mill effluent (TMPE) treated by aerobic sludge in a sequential batch reactor were selected for study. Mature fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to effluents before and after biotreatment under continuous renewal conditions for 21 days. Egg production was monitored daily, while morphometric parameters (length, weight, gonad size), secondary sexual characteristics, and steroid hormone and vitellogenin levels were measured at the end of the effluent exposure. The effluent from both mills before biotreatment impaired the reproductive capacity of minnows (egg production) at concentrations of 10 and 20% vol/vol, but not at 2% vol/vol. Exposure to biotreated effluents from both mills at concentrations of 2, 10, 20, and 40% vol/vol caused no significant differences in overall reproductive capacity of minnows as compared with controls. These results indicate that biotreatment can significantly improve the quality of a BKME and an effluent from a TMP mill with respect to the reproductive capacity of fish as determined in laboratory tests.
Optimization of Solids Separation in Dissolved Air Flotation
Authors: Gorczyca Beata , Klassen Paul
Published: May 2018

Sizes of flocs were analyzed to identify characteristics of the particle size distribution optimal for separation by dissolved air flotation (DAF). Optical microscopes and two particle counters were used for floc sizing. A Brightwell Technologies particle counter was found to provide floc size measurements in agreement with improved microscopic methods. The particle counter provided distribution of flocs with sizes down to 1 micron (µm). This allowed for inclusion of flocs with size ranging from 5 to 1 µm, which were excluded from the analyses in the earlier study. Four alum dosages were applied: 15, 25, 40, and 60 mg/L. The turbidity and colour of the DAF effluent at alum dosages of 25, 40, and 60 mg/L were very similar. However, the analysis of the flocs in the treated effluent revealed that, at the alum dose of 60 mg/L, particle removal was the best. Therefore, this dosage was selected as optimal for the solid/liquid separation process. The average size of coagulation flocs at 60 mg/L was approximately 30 µm, and was equal to the estimated size of air bubbles produced by the saturator. Therefore, this study confirms the finding of the earlier work claiming that the optimum DAF performance is attained when the mean floc size and the bubble size are equal. Similar size of floc and bubble indicates that flocs act predominantly as nuclei for bubble formation. This finding contributes to the knowledge of mechanisms of floc air bubble attachment in DAF.
Relative Body Size Influences Breeding Propensity in Fathead Minnows: Implications for Ecotoxicology Testing Procedure
Authors: Pollock Michael S. , Fisher Shelly E. , Squires Allison J. , Pollock Robyn J. , Chivers Douglas P. , Dubé Monique G.
Published: May 2018

Numerous factors affect the ability or choice of fishes to breed. For example, studies demonstrate that the appropriate amount of light, temperature, and food must be present before many species will breed. For some species, we are also aware of social factors that affect breeding, such as the size or colour of one's potential mates. Although studies on mate choice (i.e., choice of one potential mate over another) and factors affecting breeding are extensive, there remain significant gaps in our knowledge with regard to scientifically important species. For instance, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), used by numerous researchers as a test subject in reproductive toxicology and behavioural ecology, has well established physical parameters known to facilitate breeding. Conversely, there is very little data describing social factors which may influence breeding. The purpose of the current study was to examine some of the factors affecting mate choice in the fathead minnow. Results indicate a consistent relationship between male and female size length and mass), which can be used to predict the probability of a couple's breeding potential. Specifically, we found that female minnows prefer larger males. In successful pairs there was a greater difference in size between the male and female as compared with unsuccessful pairs. The findings of this study could substantially improve methods for reproductive studies in laboratories or artificial streams by decreasing both the number of pairs tested against baseline performance criteria and the time needed to establish actively breeding individuals. This will decrease the cost and increase the efficiency of future studies, as well as add ecologically interesting knowledge to the literature regarding a scientifically important, ubiquitous, and representative North American fish species.
Street Sweeping as a Method of Source Control for Urban Stormwater Pollution
Authors: Rochfort Quintin , Exall Kirsten , P'ng Jonathan , Shi Vicky , Stevanovic-Briatico Vesna , Kok Sandra , Marsalek Jiri
Published: May 2018

The effectiveness of street sweeping as a source control measure for stormwater pollution was tested at a site in Toronto, using three types of sweepers employed by the City. A paired-plot experimental design was employed along an arterial road with a traffic volume of 26,000 vehicles/day. Typically, after several days of dry weather, one roadway plot was swept by the available sweeper (treated) and the following plot was left unswept (control). After sweeping, sediment on the roadway was sampled on both plots; wet samples were collected by washing off one half of each plot, and dry samples were collected by vacuum cleaning the remaining halves of both plots. Differences between swept and unswept plots were assessed by comparing: (a) conventional sediment quality parameters, total residue mass, and particle sizes for dry sediment samples, and (b) toxicity, conventional water quality parameters, and particle sizes in wet samples. Results were highly variable and contained large uncertainties. The greatest environmental benefits of sweeping were the reduction of the total mass of sediment on road surfaces and a reduction in some dissolved metals in the runoff (e.g., Cr and Zn).
Effectiveness of Compost Biofilters in Removal of Sediments from Construction Site Runoff
Authors: Taleban Vahid , Finney Karen , Gharabaghi Bahram , McBean Ed , Rudra Ramesh , Van Seters Tim
Published: May 2018

The effectiveness of compost biofilters in removal of suspended sediments from stormwater runoff was evaluated. Field experiments were conducted in the summer of 2006 at the Guelph Turf Grass Institute, University of Guelph, to verify the sediment removal efficiency of the compost biofilter from synthetic stormwater runoff. The average sediment removal efficiency of 8-inch (20-cm) compost biofilters (socks) for 5, 10, and 15 rolls were 34, 48, and 60%, respectively. The average sediment removal efficiency for 18-inch (45-cm) socks for 5, 10, and 15 rolls were 69, 84, and 95%, respectively. The decrease in sediment removal efficiency of the biofilter over time was significant. The average sediment removal efficiency of 5 rolls of the 18-inch (45-cm) sock started to decrease gradually from 70 to 62, 58, 56, and 54% after 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 consecutive runs. Sediment removal efficiency of the biofilter for sediment particles in the size range of clay was found to be 30%, while for coarser particles such as fine silt and coarse silt was 50 and 80% removal efficiencies, respectively.
Phosphorus Sorption and Sedimentation in a Multipond System within a Headstream Agricultural Watershed
Authors: Liu Yang , Fu Qiang , Yin Chengqing
Published: May 2018

The movement, transformation, and assimilation of phosphorus (P) in a watershed are often related to the physicochemical characteristics of the sediments of the water storage structures in the watershed. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to study P sorption by pond sediments in a multipond system in a watershed of 6.9 km2 in southeastern China. Being scattered in different ambient land uses, and receiving soil particles from various sources, the multipond system provides an excellent research example for P sorption as well as the relationship between pond properties and their location in a watershed. It was found that the pond sediments showed largely variable P sorption capacities in this watershed. The P sorption maximum (Smax) ranged from 390.0 to 729.2 mg/kg, and equilibrium P concentration (EPC0) ranged from 0.007 to 0.023 mg/L. The mean degree of P saturation (DPS) of the pond sediments was only 9.5%. Due to the large annual delivery of sediments to the ponds by soil erosion, the pond sediments never reached saturation. The location of the ponds could influence the physicochemical properties of sediments and their sorption characteristics. For Smax, the Hill pond value was significantly higher than that for the Village pond. For EPC0, the result was reverse. The oxalate-extractable Fe (Ox-Fe) and KCl-extractable P (KCl-P) were the key factors that influenced P sorption of the pond sediments. Ox-Fe could explain 84% of the variability in Smax and KCl-P could explain 82% of the variability in EPC0. The acidic and high Fe contents of laterite soil in southeastern China was the most important cause of the high P sorption capacity of the pond sediments.
Perfluorinated Alkyl Acid Concentrations in Canadian Rivers and Creeks
Authors: Scott Brian F. , Spencer Christine , Lopez Emma , Muir Derek C.G.
Published: May 2018

Perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAs) belong to a family of chemicals that are highly persistent and potentially ecotoxic. They are under scrutiny by government agencies who must determine their risk to humans and the environment. Numerous studies have measured perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in selected areas of the world, but there has been no systematic cross-Canada study of these compounds in surface waters. This report describes the concentrations of PFAs in 38 rivers across Canada (42 to 60°N and 62 to 136°W). Samples were collected upstream and downstream of populated areas. PFOS and PFOA were the predominant PFAs detected. Values of PFOS ranged from <0.020 to 34.6 ng/L and PFOA ranged from 0.044 to 9.9 ng/L. Highest concentrations occurred in areas of high population densities, generally at downstream sites. The shorter chain perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) (C6)to C9) were present in most samples but the longer chain PFCAs (C10 to C14) were not often detected. Perfluorohexane sulfonate was the next most frequently detected perfluoroalkylsulfonate while perfluoro-1-octanesulfonamide (PFOSA) was detected infrequently.
The Effects of Final Treated Effluent and In-Mill Waste Streams from a Canadian Thermomechanical Pulp and Paper Mill on Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) Reproduction
Authors: Bosker Thijs , Hewitt L. Mark , Munkittrick Kelly R. , Melvin Steven D. , MacLatchy Deborah L.
Published: May 2018

The effect on fish reproduction of final treated effluent from a thermomechanical pulp mill in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, was studied using mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), an endemic fish species of the Atlantic coast of North America. A 1997 artificial stream study at the same mill showed a reduction in gonad sizes in mummichog after a 28-day exposure to 3% final treated effluent. In 2005, we reevaluated final treated effluent, and conducted a toxicity source evaluation to identity waste stream sources within the mill that may cause reproductive effects. Relative to reference, no significant differences in gonad size, plasma levels of gonadal sex steroids, egg production, or stage of egg development were observed in fish exposed to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% final treated effluent or in-mill waste streams. Unlike the previous study in 1997, these data indicate a low potential for an effect of final effluent on fish reproduction. Since the 1997 study there were no major process changes that could explain the differences in the results. However, there was high variability in gonad size, egg production, and endocrine endpoints measured in the more recent test, which resulted in low power to detect differences. This has prompted research to refine the current reproductive test by optimizing study design.
Caractérisation et traitement physico-chimique des lixiviats de la décharge publique d'El-Kerma (Algérie) par adsorption en discontinu sur de la sciure de bois naturelle et activée chimiquement
Authors: Bennama Tahar , Younsi Abdelkader , Derriche Zoubir , Debab et Abdelkader
Published: May 2018

La décharge publique d'El-Kerma d'Oran (Ouest algérien) constitue un exemple type de détérioration des ressources naturelles en eau par les déchets solides. Elle génére des volumes importants de lixiviats á forte charge polluante (CE extrême de 130 mS/cm et DCO extrême de 28000 mg d'O2/L), dont le traitement s'impose. Le traitement physico-chimique des lixiviats de cette décharge par adsorption en discontinu de la matiére organique sur de la sciure de bois activée á la soude 3 N (SB3), de masse optimale de 0,3 g, á un temps d'équilibre de 40 min, á pH 11,0 et á une température de 55°C, a donné une capacité maximale d'adsorption de 100 mg/g, selon le modéle de Langmuir. Cette adsorption est endothermique et s'effectue á une cinétique rapide et du premier ordre. Les essais de traitement successif des lixiviats bruts effectués sur une série de cinq réacteurs ont permis de réaliser un taux d'abattement de la matiére organique de 98 % sur la sciure SB3 et dés á la sortie du troisiéme réacteur. Le matériau adsorbant utilisé a montré une efficacité comparable á celle d'autres matériaux largement utilisés dans l'épuration des effluents.
Reproductive Steroid Responses in Fish Exposed to Pulp Mill Condensates: An Investigation of Cause Case Study
Authors: MacLatchy Deborah L. , Milestone Craig , Shaughnessy Kevin S. , Belknap Andrew M. , Dubé Monique G. , Hewitt L. Mark
Published: May 2018

An investigation of cause (IOC) approach integrating artificial stream exposures and laboratory bioassays has been used to identify waste stream sources of contaminants at the Irving Pulp & Paper Ltd. mill, in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. Chemical recovery condensates have shown the greatest potential for reducing circulating steroids in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), an endemic fish species. A solid phase extraction (SPE) technique was developed to isolate hormonally active substances from the condensates, and a toxicity identification evaluation approach was used to gain a better understanding of the chemical characteristics of the active substances. Extracts were fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the fractions were used in a seven-day bioassay. Dose-response experiments indicated that steroid reductions in male mummichog were observed consistently after a 4% (vol/vol) exposure. At 4% (vol/vol), however, steroid reductions were not observed in fractions of the active SPE extract generated by HPLC. Some fractions actually induced increases in plasma testosterone. Recent work has focused on understanding what methodologies must be used to handle the semivolatile condensates to ensure 100% chemical recovery and retention of biological activity. Results are summarized in the context of developing an industry-wide IOC framework.
Responses in a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Lifecycle Test and in Wild White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Exposed to a Canadian Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent
Authors: Parrott Joanne L. , Hewitt L. Mark , Kovacs Tibor G. , MacLatchy Deborah L. , Martel Pierre H. , van den Heuvel Michael R. , Van Der Kraak Glen J. , McMaster Mark E.
Published: May 2018

To evaluate currently available bioassays for their use in investigating the causes of pulp and paper mill effluent effects on fish reproduction, the responses of wild white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) collected from the receiving environment at the bleached kraft mill at La Tuque, Quebec, were compared with responses of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to effluent in a laboratory lifecycle test. White sucker collected at effluent exposed sites had increased liver size but none of the reproductive effects that had been documented in earlier field studies at this site. Exposure to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) in the lab led to significantly decreased length, but increased weight and liver size in male fathead minnow. Female length was also decreased and liver size was increased at high effluent exposures. Most effluent concentrations (1 to 30%) significantly increased egg production compared with controls. The fathead minnow lifecycle assay mirrored the effects seen in wild fish captured downstream of the BKME discharge. These results will be used to select short-term fish tests for investigating the causes of and solutions to the effects of mill effluents on fish reproduction.
Physiological Health of Common Bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) in the Tarawera and Rangitaiki Rivers of New Zealand: Evidence of Diminished Ecological Effects of Pulp and Paper Effluents in Wild Fish Populations
Authors: Landman Michael J. , Bleackley Natalie A. , Ling Nicholas , van den Heuvel Michael R.
Published: May 2018

This study examined the comparative physiological health of the endemic New Zealand common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) in the Tarawera and Rangitaiki Rivers. Bully were sampled downstream of pulp and paper effluent inputs in the Tarawera River and compared with a similar inland population in the Rangitaiki River. Condition factor and liver somatic index did not differ between populations, but Tarawera River bullies possessed larger gonads. Haematological assessments found smaller erythrocytes with reduced haemoglobin content, and increased leukocyte concentrations in Tarawera River females. Male and female Tarawera River bullies had significantly induced hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity. Greater ovarian follicular steroid production was also found for Tarawera River females. Microscopic analysis of ovarian tissue samples found no histopathological abnormalities in either population and indicated a slightly advanced vitellogenic stage of development in the Tarawera River population. It is concluded that the difference in steroid production between populations was most likely linked to gonad size and developmental status. In line with the disappearance of physiological effects in recent controlled laboratory and mesocosm pulp and paper effluent exposures, this study further demonstrates that, with the exception of EROD induction, characteristic pulp and paper effluent effects are not obvious in wild Tarawera fish.
The Evolution of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Effects Knowledge and Issues - A Career-Based Retrospective
Authors: Hall Timothy J. , Borton Dennis L
Published: May 2018

The two recently retired authors have a combined career experience of over 65 years in carrying out research directed at assessing effluent effects on marine and freshwater receiving waters. As such, their work directed at the environmental information needs of the forest products industry has represented a continually evolving research program. This paper reflects a history of issues and progress on pulp and paper mill effluent research before their careers began, the progression of issues and research during their careers, how questions have changed and evolved, and also looks forward to the remaining questions that need to be addressed concerning effluent effects.
Microbial and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Surface Water Sources Used on Dairy Farms in Ontario
Authors: Masse, Lucie , Massé Daniel I. , Topp Edward , Séguin Guy , Scott Andrew , Ortega Lina M. , Pariseau Éric
Published: May 2018

Six surface water sources used to wash milking equipment and provide drinking water to the animals on dairy farms in Eastern Ontario were characterized for microbial and physico-chemical characteristics over a 16 month period. The water sources were selected because they had a history of microbial contamination and presented a wide selection of physico-chemical characteristics. Results are discussed with respect to available on-site disinfection technologies. Total and fecal coliforms were detected in over 90% of all water samples, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in 77%, Clostridium perfringens and Yersinia enterocolitica in about 50%, Campylobacter spp. in 36%, and Salmonella in 25%. For all pathogens, counts were highly variable, and maximum values were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than the medians. On-site disinfection systems will have to be designed to deactivate the highest count of pathogens, thereby providing a conservative safety margin for most of the year. Disinfection technologies will also have to be selected based on physico-chemical characteristics of the water sources, especially the level of hardness, turbidity and UV transmittance which can adversely affect their efficiency. On some farms, a pretreatment such as coagulation flocculation will be necessary to make the surface water suitable for low-cost disinfection technologies.
Colour Removal and the Effect of Reactive Dyes on Growth Substrate Utilization by an Unacclimated Ethanol-Enriched Anaerobic Culture
Authors: Bhattacharyya Debraj , Singh Kripa S.
Published: May 2018

The cultures from an ethanol-enriched anaerobic master culture reactor were dosed with 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg/L of a mixture of three Procion reactive dyes: Red MX-8B, Red MX-5B, and Orange MX-2R, in order to study the colour removal and the inhibitory effect of dyes on the methanogenic degradation of ethanol that was added as a cosubstrate. The reduction in colour intensity, measured at 514 nm, was found to be similar to a trial using an inactivated culture. These results indicate that removal of colour by the unacclimated anaerobic population is due to adsorption of the dyes on the biomass. The dyes caused a competitive inhibition at doses above 200 mg/L on utilization of ethanol by the anaerobic bacteria.
Analysis of possibility of placing the parking of cars on free city spaces on the example of the central region of the city of Volgograd
Authors: Nikulina Veronika Igorevna , Savitskii Stanislav Vladimirovich , Sidorov Kirill Sergeevich
Published: May 2018

The paper presents an analysis of the motorization level in the Volga-Grad region. The lack of places for temporary storage of cars in Volgograd was confirmed and influence degree of parking insufficiency on the deterioration of traffic conditions and the risks of the occurrence of road accidents were assessed. Theoretically were justified and proposed options for the organization of temporary storage of vehicles on the example of the Central District of Volgograd.
Features of digital photogrammetry methods application and image processing in small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Samsonova Natalia Viacheslavovna , Govorukhin Maksim Georgievich , Saveliev Denis Vladimirovich
Published: May 2018

The paper discusses the methods of survey enterprises employees effective training to use modern measurement systems and the need for further photogrammetric processing of the results obtained. Attention is also paid to integrated learning, based primarily on web content, the introduction of a social component in the development and familiarization with new photogrammetric equipment and technologies in order to increase the competitiveness of engineering and research small and medium-sized enterprises.
Injuriousness of a chinch bug Kleidocerys resedae (panzer, 1797) for deciduous trees
Authors: Myrkasimova Ardak Sagynovna
Published: May 2018

The article describes a chinch bug Arocatus melanocephalus as a pest of deciduous trees. The main purpose of the work is to determine the percentage of damaged deciduous trees of different types, which were damaged by the pest bug and the influence of climatic factors on their numbers. The main work results are the following: calculated percentage of the trees leaf blades damage, the researcher has indicated the percentage of deciduous trees, damaged by bugs, presented a phenocalendar of a chinch bug development and the occurrence of pests’ frequency in number.
Modern methods of managing changes in enterprises
Authors: Alkarawy Heyder G. Wannes
Published: May 2018

In order to maintain their positions in the market, enterprises are forced to look for new opportunities and ways to rationalize their actions. One such option is the company's outsourcing, which is the subject of this article. Outsourcing is a direction that was founded almost three decades ago, but still enjoys increased attention due to its approaches to considering the resources and performance of organizations. Under the influence of globalization, which we can now observe in all aspects of production, as well as the opening of markets and economies, outsourcing cannot be ignored by the management of the enterprise. Nevertheless, the gap between theory and real practice still exists. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an algorithm for introducing outsourcing into the practical activities of the enterprise.
Group of agricultural test companies in Germany
Authors: Shadrikova Inna Viacheslavovna
Published: May 2018

This article describes the features of group of the analyzed agricultural companies in Germany. There is the classification of such kinds of enterprises in the article. The factors considered at the analysis of activity of the agricultural companies in Germany are resulted.
Identification of corporate life-cycle stages
Authors: Okishev Evgenij Vladimirovich
Published: May 2018

Consideration of the company's activity through the stages of the life cycle is one of the modern approaches to the analysis of economic entities. There are a wide variety of methods for determining these stages, but many of them are difficult to apply in practice. In this article, an attempt to describe several applied approaches for identification of the corporate life-cycle stages was made. Methods of both foreign and domestic scientists-economists were analyzed.
Генотип-средовое взаимодействие: молекулярно-генетический подход к изучению волевого контроля в период беременности
Authors: Чистякова Наталья Викторовна , Сергиенко Елена Алексеевна
Published: May 2018

The adaptive ability of organism to be changed environmentally throughout the lifespan requires the plasticity of link between a genotype and a phenotype. The genotype/environment dyad determines an adaptive profile of a phenotype and functional potentialof its plasticity. By the regulation of gene expression, the environment influences the genotype and determines phenotypic variability, which is adaptive by nature. Therefore, the need for the integrative study of genotype-environment interaction and its prospects becomes clear in order to obtain objective and comprehensive data about the true nature of individual differences in psychological features. Using this approach, heterogeneous etiology of volitional control differences among women in the third trimester of gestation was assessed. Identification of pregnancy-specific molecular and genetic predictorsof the volitional control allows defining its role in the psychological readiness of women for childbirth.
Религиозная одержимость как предмет психологического анализа: постановка проблемы
Authors: Гримсолтанова Разет Эльбрусовна
Published: May 2018

The article considers features of the possession concept interpretations in the context of the most authoritative world religions (Islam, Christianity, Judaism), interrelation of a religious explanation and scientific grounds of the possession phenomenon. We consider the concept of possession from the point of view of psychiatry and analyze the subject inpsychology.
Социально-психологические особенности отношения к другим людям и отношения к городу жителей мегаполиса, большого и малого городов
Authors: Балакина Анна Андреевна
Published: May 2018

This article analyzes the significant differences of expression of social andpsychological needs, the parameters of relationships with other people, components relation to the city of inhabitants of metropolis, large and small cities. This article describes the features of relationships with other people and relation to the city of urban residents ofdifferent types due to spatial and temporal parameters of living in it. The article shows the interrelation of expression of social and psychological needs, options and other types of relationships to other people with the emotional and cognitive (the image of the city, the presence/ absence of identification with the city) components to the city.The article also shows that the image of the city, the urban identity of the inhabitants of the cities due to the type, spatial and temporal parameters of living and associated with a number of social and psychological needs, options, and types of relationships toother people.
Об улучшении качества аттестации научных кадров по педагогическим и психологическим специальностям (текст доклада, сделанный 20.11.2012 г. на совещании ВАК при Министерстве образования и науки РФ)
Authors: Фельдштейн Давид Иосифович
Published: May 2018

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Коммуникативный ресурс как акмеологический фактор профессионального развития педагога
Authors: Щербакова Татьяна Николаевна , Малкарова Рахима Хизировна
Published: May 2018

The article examines the communicative resource as an acmeological factor of the educator’s professional development. It presents the results of empirical research of expressiveness of components of the educator’s communicative resource: empathy, readiness for cooperation, communicative self-control, communication style. It describes projections of the communicative resource in professional pedagogical activity.
К вопросу о воспитании и обучении детей, испытывающих трудности при усвоении дошкольной образовательной программы в традиционных условиях дошкольного образовательного учреждения
Authors: Лихачёва Елена Николаевна
Published: May 2018

Some children with mental retardation are currently pupils of mass preschools. Implementing education and training of children in preschool institutions, the teacher has some difficulties. Institutes of teachers’ professional development should promote full realizationof conditions of professional development of kindergarteners in education and upbringing of such children.