bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Observational Study on Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Pediatric Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Presenting With Comorbidities at RIMS, Ranchi
Authors: Chaudhuri Partha K. , Chaudhary Anil K. , Prasad Kamal N. , Malakar Jagrita , Pathak Apeksha , Siddalingesha R
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

SARS COVID-19 infection leads to wide range of symptoms in comorbid pediatric patient. In view of its susceptibility affecting pediatric age groups with comorbidities and its potential to increase the mortality rate, it may have adverse effects on the outcome of such children. This study aims at better understanding of clinical profile and its outcome of pediatric population.

Method:

A total of 50 pediatric patients aged 1 to 17 years with comorbidities and laboratory confirmed COVID-19 that were admitted at the RIMS, Ranchi from 1st April 2020 to 31st December 2020 were studied.

Result:

34 (68%) resided in the hot spot areas of the region, 8(16%) resided in the non- hot spot areas and 8(16%) had migrated from elsewhere. Higher proportion of males between 11-15 years of age were affected (64%).Our study shows that the majority of the children that were affected were of the age group 11-15 years (52%). 38(76%) of these children presented with fever as their major complaints, cough in 28(56%), sore throat in 2 (4%), diarrhea in 6(12%), vomiting in 11 (22%), breathing difficulty in 20 (50%) and 30 (60%) had other symptoms. Out of 50 patients admitted, 3 died. In our study majority of comorbid condition was thalassemia major.

Conclusion:

The presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and severity of illness of pediatric patients with COVID-19 were different, and milder, compared with adults.
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among 4 to 14 year age group children in slums of Thiruvananthapuram Corporation
Authors: Suchithra E. T. , Vargheese Sara , Sudhiraj T. S. , Zinia
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Failure of early identification and timely intervention of psychological disorders adversely affect the development of child to healthy adult. This study was done to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among 4–14 years age group children in urban slums as well as to find out the socio-demographic factors associated with it.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study with cluster sampling technique was conducted in urban slums of Thiruvananthapuram Corporation among 1029 participants. For the estimation of prevalence, CPMS was used and the socio-demographic factors were obtained using pretested interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using proportion with 95% CI, Chi-square, odds ratio and logistic regression.

Results:

Prevalence of childhood psychiatric disorders was 11.5% [95%CI (9.51-13.49)] and it was significantly associated with age (P =0.000), birth order (P =0.008), birth weight (P =.033), siblings number (P =.004) school performance (P =.000), peer status (P =.012), peer relation (P =.000), disease status (P =.000), maternal education (P =.006), paternal education (P =.000), maternal occupation (P =.000) and paternal occupation (P =.005), parental separation (P =.000), the person looking after the child (P =.000), marital disharmony (P =.000), history of alcohol intake (P =.000) and frequency of drinking (P =.000). By logistic regression, poor performance [odds ratio 12.79 (7.09–23.07)], disease status [odds ratio 4.83 (2.83–8.27)], problem in adjustment with peer [odds ratio 12.3 (1.97–77.55)], history of daily intake of alcohol in fathers [odds ratio 3.15 (1.87–5.29)] and offspring of unskilled mothers [odds ratio [2.07 (1.32–3.27)] constitute the predictors for these disorders.

Conclusion:

This study findings highlight prevalence and the association of childhood and adolescence psychiatric disorders with several socio-demographic factors, which needs consideration while planning for implementation of mental health programme in the community.
Vitamin D toxicity due to self-prescription: A case report
Authors: Bhat Javid Rasool , Geelani Sajad Ahmed , Khan Afaq Ahmad , Roshan Reshma , Rathod Santosh Govind
Published: March 2022

Apart from maintaining healthy bones, vitamin D is also required for cell differentiation, cell growth inhibition, and immune modulation. Vitamin D deficiency is common in the Indian subcontinent. Vitamin D presenting toxicity, leading to hypercalcemia, acute kidney injury, and altered sensorium is very rare. Here we present a case of a 65-year-old man who presented to emergency with persistent vomiting, altered sensorium, and acute kidney injury. The cause of which was an unchecked intake of vitamin D for non-specific musculoskeletal pain. When treated with intravenous fluid, diuretics, calcitonin, and steroids, the patient improved clinically. Therefore, for any patient presenting with persistent vomiting, altered sensorium, and hypercalcemia, with normal to low parathyroid hormone levels, a diagnosis of an overdose of vitamin D should be considered. Early treatment of this condition not only improves the symptoms but also prevents further kidney damage.
Post immunization COVID-19 disease
Authors: Bawaskar Himmatrao S. , Bawaskar Pramodini H.
Published: March 2022

One hundred and two patients reported to peripheral hospital, of these 73 (77%) and 23 (95%) suffered from COVID-19 disease, were immunized as per availability of Covishield 78 (77%) and Covaxin 24 (23%), respectively. Of these, three died (3%). Inflammatory markers were raised in Covishield vs. Covaxin 26 (36%) vs. 7 (31%), 46 (63%) vs. 8 (35%), 57 (78%) vs. 14 (61%), 29 (40%) vs. (73%), C-reactive proteins and serum ferritin, and positive for COVID-19 antigen and RTPCR and COVID-19 pneumonia, respectively. Irrespective of immunization status of victim with symptoms should be investigated for possibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-beta 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infection. These findings confirmed the need for a Booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination.
Determination of sexual dimorphism of maxillary sinus using cone-beam computed tomography in a rural population of western Maharashtra – A retrospective, cross-sectional study
Authors: Deshpande Anuja A. , Munde Anita D. , Mishra Sunil S. , Kawsankar Kedar D. , Sawade Ruchira V. , Mandar Baviskar
Published: March 2022

Context:

Radiography is used in forensics for the identification of humans, especially in cases where the body is decomposed, fragmented, or burned. In the skull bones, the zygomatic bone and maxilla including the maxillary sinus tend to remain intact even if the other bones are badly disfigured. Hence, the maxillary sinus has been considered by several authors for sex identification. The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a non-invasive, recently developed technology that has seen an exponential rise in the use for visualizing dental anatomy and pathologies. The present study chose the available CBCT records of patients who show maxillary sinus and used them for determining sexual dimorphism related to the maxillary sinus.

Aims:

To measure the maxillary sinuses using CBCT and determine the efficacy of these measurements for sex identification.

Settings and Design:

Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study.

Methods and Material:

A total of 60 CBCT scans (30 males, 30 females) were selected from a rural setup, and the height, length, and width of the maxillary sinus with the highest dimension for each variable were measured and recorded.

Statistical Analysis:

The data were analyzed by using the paired t-test. The discriminant equations were derived for both the right and left maxillary sinus.

Results:

Statistically significant differences were observed between the males and females for height (right and left) and length (left) of the maxillary sinus. The accuracy rate for sex identification in the present study was found to be 71.3%.

Conclusion:

Maxillary sinus height can be used as a reliable radiographic marker in forensic odontology for sex identification.
Comparison of alpha 1- antitrypsin activity and phenotype in type 1 diabetic patients to healthy individuals
Authors: Ghoreishi Atena Sadat , Mahmoodi Mehdi , Khoshdel Alireza
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:

Alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT) is an inhibitor of serine protease, which has shown anti-inflammatory reactions in a variety of diseases. It has been thought that that AAT plays a role in prolonging islet allograft survival, preventing the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and hindering β-cell apoptosis of pancreas. In the current examination, the AAT activity in T1DM and healthy individuals was measured using enzymatic assay.

Methods:

The present study was conducted on 42 patients with T1DM who referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran, and 42 healthy control individuals who were matched for age, sex and smoking habits. The serum trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC) was assessed. Plasma samples were analyzed for phenotype, AAT concentration, blood glucose and lipid levels were measured.

Results:

The activity of plasma AAT and the serum TIC level of patients with T1DM (2.35 ± 0.34 μmol/min/ml) was significantly lower than healthy participants (3.36 ± 0.36 μmol/min/ml). The frequency of phenotype MM in healthy individual was 100%; and in T1DM patients, the prevalence of phenotype MM, MS and MZ was 61.9%, 23.8% and 14.3%, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

It was concluded that that the lack of AAT may be related to the increased risk of T1DM developing.
Physical activity adaptation towards control of selected noncommunicable diseases-A detailed part of large community trial in rural areas of India
Authors: Kundapur Rashmi , Modi Bhavesh , Shenoy Preetham , Nirmala C J , Ravi K , Narayan Swamy D M , Saxena Deepak
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of systematically induced health education on physical activity over control of hypertension, diabetes. The secondary aim of this study was to assess the changed pattern of physical activity among hypertensives and diabetics with continuous follow-up.

Methods:

This is part of a larger study A community trial in coastal Karnataka with three villages where one village was introduced with physical activity alone. A total of 105 participants who are known hypertensives with SBP more than 130 mm Hg or DBP more than 90 mm Hg and diabetics with Hb1Ac more than 7% were included. A specific module for physical activity was prepared, introduced to participants with involvement of family members, followed up for 1 year, and survey was done. The outcomes of median SBP, DBP, and RBS with Physical activity introduction as compared to baseline were done. Statistical analysis––Median, Interquartile range, and Wilcoxon sign rank test––was used.

Results:

There was 9–15 mm Hg change before and after intervention reduction in SBP and DBP. The median RBS reduced from 264 mg/dL to 205 mg/dL. Moderate activities time markedly increased & sitting hours decreased to half.

Conclusion:

There is an impact of systematically induced health education on physical activity over control of hypertension and diabetes & change in the pattern of physical activity with continuous health education module and follow-up.
Sialadenoma papilliferum of a minor salivary gland with transformation to mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Sood N , Arya B , Gupta R , Gupta S
Published: March 2022

Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare benign tumor usually occurring in the minor salivary glands. Only two cases of malignant transformation of SP and an occasional case of dysplasia in SP have been reported in the literature till now. We report a case of SP of a minor salivary gland in a middle-aged male where the exophytic component retained the histomorphological features of SP while the endophytic component displayed characteristics of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Malignant change in sialadenoma papilliferum is an extremely rare phenomenon that requires further research and documentation. Careful evaluation of morphologic features and reporting of more such cases is required to delineate the clinical behavior of this unusual tumor.
Monopolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Versus Holmium Laser Enucleation in Men with Prostate Volume Greater than 100 mL
Authors: Chang Chun-Kai , Lee Cheng-Hsueh , Lin Chun-Hsuan , Li Ching-Chia , Wen Sheng-Chen , Yeh Hsin-Chih , Geng Jiun-Hung
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The surgical treatment for severe benign prostatic hyperplasia is challenging. The aim of our study was to compare the safety and efficacy of monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (M-TURP) and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HOLEP) for prostate size >100 ml.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated our database of two groups of patients. Thirteen patients underwent M-TURP (group 1), and 27 underwent HOLEP (group 2).

Results:

The mean prostate size was 163.1 ± 49.0 ml in group 1 and 143.4 ± 40.9 ml in group 2 (P = 0.19). There was no significant difference in resected tissue volume, days of catheter removal, admission days, and postoperative serum hemoglobin between treatment groups. However, in group 1, mean postoperative serum sodium dropped from 137.1 mmol/L to 131.4 mmol/L, which was significantly lower than postoperative serum sodium in group 2 (P < 0.0001). There were more complications in group 1 than group 2, especially for patients undergoing transfusion (76.9% in group 1 and 22.2% in group 2) and with hyponatremia (15.4% in group 1 and 0% in group 2). At 3-month follow-up, the international prostate symptom score, quality of life score, and residual urine volume revealed no significant differences between groups.

Conclusion:

M-TURP and HOLEP in men with prostate volume greater 100 ml had similar operative time, admission days and postoperative functional outcomes. However, higher transfusion rates and postoperative hyponatremia were noted in the M-TURP group comparing to the HOLEP group.
Does the Timing of Performing Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy after Prostate Biopsy Affect the Outcome?
Authors: Lai Chien-Ming , Wu Richard C. , Wu Chun-Hsien , Wang Chiang-Ting , Lin Victor C.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

Prostate biopsy induced prostate hemorrhage and periprostate tissue inflammation which raised the concerns of increasing difficulty even in the era of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). To evaluate the correlation between postoperative outcomes and the interval after biopsy, we compared surgical outcomes in different time interval (≤4 weeks, 4–8 weeks, and ≥8 weeks).

Materials and Methods:

We collected patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent RARP by a single experienced surgeon at our institute between April 2016 and February 2019. The complicated statuses such as previously transurethral resection of prostate, grossly nodal positive disease, or locally advanced disease were excluded. A total of 83 patients were enrolled retrospectively according to the regulation of the institutional review board in the institute. The patients were divided into three groups according to the time interval between prostate biopsy and RARP (≤4 weeks, 4-8 weeks and ≥ 8 weeks). The demographic information and perioperative and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results:

Regarding preoperative characteristics, there were similarities in the three groups. Concerning intraoperative outcomes, statistical difference was observed in mean estimated blood loss (253.1 vs. 158.9 vs. 170.9 ml, P= 0.047). In addition, operative time was similar among three groups (221.9 vs. 248.5 vs. 226.7, P= 0.199). There was no difference in positive surgical margin rate among three groups. The time interval groups did not correlate to prolonged days either urinary catheter indwelling or hospitalization (P > 0.05). There was no difference in decreased erection hardness scores at 12 months between 3 groups (−0.75 vs. −0.77 vs. −0.57, P= 0.556).

Conclusion:

In our experience, RARP can be effectively and safely performed in different time intervals after prostate biopsy without increasing total operative time or adversely compromising postoperative functionally and oncologic outcomes. However, performing RARP < 4 weeks after prostate biopsy did probably have the risk of increase estimated blood loss.
Эффективные результаты в теории бирациональной жесткости
Authors: Pukhlikov Aleksandr Valentinovich
Published: March 2022

В статье дается обзор недавних эффективных результатов в теории бирациональной жесткости многомерных многообразий Фано и расслоений Фано-Мори.
Библиография: 59 названий.
Accelerating In-Vehicle Network Intrusion Detection System Using Binarized Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Linxi , Yan Xuke , Ma Di
Published: March 2022

Controller Area Network (CAN), the de facto standard for in-vehicle networks, has insufficient security features and thus is inherently vulnerable to various attacks. To protect CAN bus from attacks, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) based on advanced deep learning methods, such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), have been proposed to detect intrusions. However, those models generally introduce high latency, require considerable memory space, and often result in high energy consumption. To accelerate intrusion detection and also reduce memory requests, we exploit the use of Binarized Neural Network (BNN) and hardware-based acceleration for intrusion detection in in-vehicle networks. As BNN uses binary values for activations and weights rather than full precision values, it usually results in faster computation, smaller memory cost, and lower energy consumption than full precision models. Moreover, unlike other deep learning methods, BNN can be further accelerated by leveraging Field-Programmable Grid Arrays (FPGAs) since BNN cuts down the hardware consumption. We design our BNN model to suit CAN traffic data and exploit sequential features of the CAN traffic instead of individual messages. We evaluate the proposed IDS with four different real vehicle datasets. Our experimental results show that the proposed BNN-based IDS reduces the detection latency on the same CPU (3 times faster) while maintaining acceptable detection rates compared to full precision models. We also implement the proposed IDS using FPGA hardware to reduce latency further and accelerate intrusion detection. Our experiments on multiple platforms demonstrate that using the FPGAs dramatically reduces the detection latency (128 times faster) with lower power consumption in comparison with an embedded CPU.
Ignition Sensitivity Analysis for Energy-Assisted Compression-Ignition Operation on Jet Fuels with Varying Cetane Number
Authors: Amezcua Eri R. , Kim Kenneth , Rothamer David , Kweon Chol-Bum
Published: March 2022

Local deposition of thermal energy can be used to assist the combustion process of low cetane number (CN) fuels in compression-ignition engines, here termed energy-assisted compression ignition (EACI). In the current work, a commercial ceramic glow plug, operated beyond its conventional operation range, was used as the ignition assistant (IA) and sensitivity of fuel jet ignition to operation parameters was studied for two fuels using EACI in an optical engine. A design-of-experiments (DoE) study was devised to determine which engine parameters influenced the energy-assisted pilot injection ignition process the most. The DoE was constructed with four parameters: injection pressure, injected mass, injection timing, and ignition assistant temperature. The fuels used were F24 (Jet-A with military additives) with a cetane number of 48 and a cetane number 35 fuel mixture consisting of 60% F24 and 40% of an alcohol-to-jet fuel (ATJ), blended on a volumetric basis. Simultaneous OH chemiluminescence and schlieren imaging were employed along with in-cylinder pressure measurements to assess ignition delay, jet development, and the combustion process. A Gaussian Kriging emulator was utilized to perform the sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that ignition of the fuel jet directed toward the ignition assistant is mainly driven by the ignition assistant temperature, with around 90% of the sensitivity for both fuels ascribed to ignition assistant temperature. However, for ignition assistant surface temperatures greater than ~1350 K ignition delay is approximately constant with increasing temperature. Ignition delay from the time the fuel reaches the ignition assistant to start of combustion, here termed hot surface ignition delay, was analyzed to gain a better understanding of the EACI ignition process. The hot surface ignition delay for ignition assistant temperatures >1350 K ranged from approximately 200 to 500 μs, independent of fuel cetane number. This indicates that ignition for ignition assistant surface temperatures >1350 K is likely the result of high-temperature ignition chemistry.
A Review of Current Understanding of the Underlying Physics Governing the Interaction, Ignition and Combustion Dynamics of Multiple-Injections in Diesel Engines
Authors: Rajasegar Rajavasanth , Srna Ales
Published: March 2022

This work is a comprehensive technical review of existing literature and a synthesis of current understanding of the governing physics behind the interaction of multiple fuel injections, ignition, and combustion behavior of multiple-injections in diesel engines. Multiple-injection is a widely adopted operating strategy applied in modern compression-ignition engines, which involves various combinations of small pre-injections and post-injections of fuel before and after the main injection and splitting the main injection into multiple smaller injections. This strategy has been conclusively shown to improve fuel economy in diesel engines while achieving simultaneous NOX, soot, and combustion noise reduction - in addition to a reduction in the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and CO by preventing fuel wetting and flame quenching at the piston wall. Despite the widespread adoption and an extensive literature documenting the effects of multiple-injection strategies in engines, little is known about the complex interplay between the underlying flow physics and combustion chemistry involved in such flows, which ultimately governs the ignition and subsequent combustion processes thereby dictating the effectiveness of this strategy. In this work, we provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on the interaction between the jets in a multiple-injection event, the resulting mixture, and finally the ignition and combustion dynamics as a function of engine operational parameters including injection duration and dwell. The understanding of the underlying processes is facilitated by a new conceptual model of multiple-injection physics. We conclude by identifying the major remaining research questions that need to be addressed to refine and help achieve a design-level understanding to optimize advanced multiple-injection strategies that can lead to higher engine efficiency and lower emissions.
Visualization of Pre-Chamber Combustion and Main Chamber Jets with a Narrow Throat Pre-Chamber
Authors: Echeverri Marquez Manuel , Sharma Priybrat , Hlaing Ponnya , Cenker Emre , Magnotti Gaetano , Johansson Bengt , Turner James
Published: March 2022

Pre-chamber combustion (PCC) has re-emerged in recent last years as a potential solution to help to decarbonize the transport sector with its improved engine efficiency as well as providing lower emissions. Research into the combustion process inside the pre-chamber is still a challenge due to the high pressure and temperatures, the geometrical restrictions, and the short combustion durations. Some fundamental studies in constant volume combustion chambers (CVCC) at low and medium working pressures have shown the complexity of the process and the influence of high pressures on the turbulence levels. In this study, the pre-chamber combustion process was investigated by combustion visualization in an optically-accessible pre-chamber under engine relevant conditions and linked with the jet emergence inside the main chamber. The pre-chamber geometry has a narrow-throat. The total nozzle area is distributed in two six-hole rows of nozzle holes. A novel optical pre-chamber assembly was designed and tested on an optical engine, with combustion only in the pre-chamber volume, using methane (99.5% purity CH4) as fuel. A separate measurement was carried out using a metal pre-chamber assembly to study the emergence of the pre-chamber jets into the main chamber to assess the difference between the pre-chambers. The combustion process was captured using a broadband camera and pressure transducers in both chambers (pre- and main chamber). The combustion inside the pre-chamber starts at the spark location; the flame propagates along the cone and subsequently propagates fast inside the throat. The broadband combustion luminosity exhibited a non-proportional relation with the heat release rate (HRR) due to the CO2* chemiluminescence. An HSV-model (Hue Saturation Value) analysis revealed the predominance of premixed combustion during the first stage of the process, followed by infrared flame radiation. Finally, although the optical pre-chamber assembly showed a faster pressure increase, the combustion process is similar to the metal pre-chamber assembly on a mass burnt scale.
Effect of Fuel Cetane Number on the Performance of Catalyst-Heating Operation in a Medium-duty Diesel Engine
Authors: Cho Seokwon , Busch Stephen , Wu Angela , Lopez Pintor Dario
Published: March 2022

To comply with increasingly stringent pollutant emissions regulations, diesel engine operation in a catalyst-heating mode is critical to achieve rapid light-off of exhaust aftertreatment catalysts during the first minutes of cold starting. Current approaches to catalyst-heating operation typically involve one or more late post injections to retard combustion phasing and increase exhaust temperatures. The ability to retard post injection timing(s) while maintaining acceptable pollutant emissions levels is pivotal for improved catalyst-heating calibrations. Higher fuel cetane number has been reported to enable later post injections with increased exhaust heat and decreased pollutant emissions, but the mechanism is not well understood. The purpose of this experimental and numerical simulation study is to provide further insight into the ways in which fuel cetane number affects combustion and pollutant formation in a medium-duty diesel engine.

Three full boiling-range diesel fuels with cetane numbers of approximately 45, 50, and 55 are employed in this study with a well-controlled set of calibrations employing a five-injection strategy. The two post injections are block-shifted to increasingly retarded timings, and the effects on exhaust heat and pollutant emissions are quantified for each fuel. For a given injection strategy calibration, increasing cetane number enables increased exhaust temperature and decreased hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions for a fixed load. The increase in exhaust temperature is attributed to an increased fueling requirement to compensate for additional wall heat losses caused by earlier, more robust pilot combustion with the more reactive fuels. Formaldehyde is predicted to form in the fuel-lean periphery of the first pilot injection spray and can persist until exhaust valve opening in the absence of direct interactions with subsequent injections. Unreacted fuel-air mixture in the fuel-rich interior of the first-pilot spray is likely too cool for any significant reactions, and can persist until exhaust valve opening in the absence of turbulence/chemistry interactions and/or direct heating through interactions with subsequent injections.
Snow Contamination of Simplified Automotive Bluff Bodies: A Comparison Between Wind Tunnel Experiments and Numerical Modeling
Authors: Eidevåg Tobias , Eng Matthias , Kallin David , Casselgren Johan , Bharadhwaj Yashas , Bangalore Narahari Tejas Sharma , Rasmuson Anders
Published: March 2022

We describe experiments and numerical modeling of snow surface contamination on two simplified automotive bluff bodies: The Ahmed body and a wedge. The purpose was twofold: 1) To obtain well defined experimental results of snow contamination on simple geometries; 2) To propose a numerical modeling approach for snow contamination. The experiments were performed in a climatic wind tunnel using a snow cannon at −15 °C and the results show that the snow accumulation depends on the aerodynamics of the studied bluff bodies. Snow accumulates on surfaces in proximity to the aerodynamic wakes of the bodies and characteristic snow patterns are obtained on side surfaces. The numerical modeling approach consisted of an aerodynamic setup coupled with Lagrangian particle tracking. Particles were determined to adhere or rebound depending on an adhesion model combined with a resuspension criterion. The adhesion model was based on adhesive-elastic contact theory and the resuspension criterion is derived from the balance between the aerodynamic forces acting on a particle and the critical force for onset of resuspension. The results show that the numerical method can predict certain characteristic snow patterns obtained from the experiments and we also highlight deviations obtained between experimental and simulation results. The simulation results show that the snow accumulation patterns on a bluff body will depend on the smallest ice particles in a snow sample which implies that samples with larger ice particle (for example natural snow) could produce different snow patterns than the fine machine-made snow used in this study.
CANADA EDUCATIONAL POLICY AND ANALYSIS
Authors: Pektaş Hacı Mehmet , TETİK RAMAZAN , YILDIZ OĞUZ
Published: March 2022

Özet ABSTRACT Canada is governed by a democratic constitutional monarchy. At the head of the state is a monarch, with an elected prime minister at the head of the government. There is a federal system of parliamentary governments. The duties of government are shared between federal, state and territory governments. Canada, whose capital is Ottawa, consists of 10 provinces and 3 territories (Wikipedia, 2020). Canada's population is estimated to be 36,885,000 as of January 1, 2018. English and French are used as official languages in the country. About 60% of the total population speaks English and 25% speaks French. The currency of the country is Canadian Dollar. 75% of the population lives in cities and 25% lives in rural areas (Wikipedia, 2020). This research is a theoretical study and aims to analyze Canadian education policy. Anahtar Kelimeler Canada, Education, Policy
MITHRAISM ROCK TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE IN IRAN
Authors: MIKAEILI Mahshid
Published: March 2022

Mithraism is known as one of the ancient world religions. The roots of Mithraism settle in the old world beliefs, culture, and mysteries. Historical documents show the origin of Mithraism belongs to the 1400 years B.C. Mithraism features found in different parts of the ancient world from east to the west: India, Iran, Anatolia, and Europe. The name of Mithra in ancient Indo-Iranian mythology as the god of light is in some historical inscription. Among the ancient world’s religions, Mithraism is the ancient Iran pre-Zoroastrian religion. There are some doctrines about the origins of Mithra. The well-defined of them is the dualism doctrine that comes from Zoroastrianism. This doctrine is always a battleground between the Good Principles and the Evil Principles. The force of propitious is light or day and the forces of evil are with darkness or night. These two forces are in a state of perpetual war. According to the archeologists, many rock temples with Mithraism features locate in Iran. Some of these natural rock temples are in the northwest part of Iran. The gravity center of this study is one of the rock temples of Mithraism in the northwest of Iran. These temples locate at a cross-sectional point between different cultural impressions. For accessing the aims of the research, the study consists of three stages. In the first stage, the focus point is on the roots of Mithraism in Iran and the ancient world and the interaction of Mithraism with other cultures. Then in the second stage, be tried to find Mithraism temples’ general architectural characters and elements due to the expansion in Iran and in Europe. Finally, the study is concentrated on the case study rock temple Mehr Temple in the northwest of Iran to investigate the structural characteristics, find similarities with the other temple, and evaluate these characters.
Die NATO in (Un-)Ordnung
Authors: Varwick Johannes
Published: March 2022

Die NATO steht wieder im Zentrum einer von Unsicherheit und Turbulenz geprägten internationalen Un-Ordnung. Wurde der Bündnisverteidigung jahrzehntelang kaum Bedeutung beigemessen, ist die Frage der kollektiven Verteidigung seit Beginn der Ukraine-Krise 2014 wieder auf der Agenda und hat zu weitreichenden Veränderungen geführt. Gleichzeitig bleibt die Allianz im Bereich des militärischen Krisenmanagements aktiv und widmet sich neueren Themen wie Cyberkrieg, hybrider Kriegsführung, Kontrolle der Migration über das Mittelmeer oder Stabilisierung von Partnern im Süden. Gleichzeitig positionieren sich die USA unter Präsident Trump radikal neu und fordern von den Europäern einen wesentlich größeren Beitrag in der NATO ein – sofern die Trump-Administration formalisierten Allianzen überhaupt noch einen hohen Stellenwert einräumt. Mit dem Ausscheiden Großbritanniens aus der EU wird zudem ein traditioneller Blockierer einer engeren verteidigungspolitischen Zusammenarbeit im EU-Rahmen seine Vetomöglichkeiten verlieren. Soll dies nicht zu einer Abkoppelung der EU von der NATO im Sinne der Etablierung eines Konkurrenzverhältnisses führen, resultiert daraus ein erhöhter Druck zur Stärkung bzw. Vertiefung der strategischen Partnerschaft zwischen Amerika und Europa. Die Bedeutung der NATO in einer turbulenten internationalen Sicherheitspolitik unterliegt damit einem grundlegenden Wandel, und die transatlantische Sicherheitspartnerschaft wird derzeit unter erheblichen Spannungen neu austariert. Dies spiegelt sich auch in einer zentralen Rolle Deutschlands bei der Neuausrichtung der NATO wider. Sicherheitspolitik ist mehr als Militärpolitik und kluge Außenpolitik muss daran arbeiten, Konflikte zu entschärfen und Interessen friedlich auszugleichen. Aber solange es militärische Gewalt, Streitkräfte und Allianzen gibt, solange ist es auch Aufgabe politikwissenschaftlicher Analytiker, sich mit diesen Themen zu befassen. Das Buch will dazu beitragen, dass sicherheitspolitische Fragen – die eben auch militärische und militärpolitische Dimensionen umfassen – auch in einer breiteren interessierten Öffentlichkeit sachlich, umfassend und auf einer soliden Faktenbasis diskutiert werden. Grund genug also, ein aktuelles, für eine breite politisch und politikwissenschaftlich interessierte Leserschaft konzipiertes Werk über die NATO vorzulegen.
Die deutsch-polnische Beziehungsgeschichte im Fokus der Erwachsenenbildung
Authors: Theile Elke E.
Published: March 2022

In diesem Buch wird ein historiographischer Blick auf die Geschichte der deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen geworfen. Vor dem Hintergrund gegenseitig bereichernder kultureller und wirtschaftlicher Einflüsse und teils schwerer Konflikte, allen voran der Zweite Weltkrieg, haben unterschiedliche Erfahrungen, Wahrnehmungen und geschichtliche Deutungen ungleiche Erinnerungen und „Geschichtsbilder“ in Polen und Deutschland hinterlassen. Diese Unterschiede in der Erinnerungskultur belasten das deutsch-polnische Verhältnis bis heute. Anhand eines erinnerungskulturanalytischen Bildungsansatzes der historisch-politischen Erwachsenenbildung zeigt die Autorin handlungssinnorientierte „paradigmatische Orientierungen“ für die dialogische reflexive Erinnerungskulturarbeit in unterschiedlichen Lernräumen auf. Dabei findet auch die europäische Perspektive Berücksichtigung.
Der Nationalsozialismus
Authors: Barth Steffen , Kettenhofen Daniel
Published: March 2022

Die in diesem Heft gesammelten Text- und Bildquellen zum Nationalsozialismus gehören nicht zum gängigen Schulbuchrepertoire, sondern sind für den Unterricht weitestgehend neu und unverbraucht. Sie thematisieren zentrale Aspekte und Entwicklungen der Jahre zwischen 1933 und 1939, wie etwa die Formierung und Etablierung der nationalsozialistischen Herrschaft, den Terror oder auch die Wirtschafts- und Kulturpolitik im Nationalsozialismus. So wird die reine Fokussierung auf Standardquellen aufgebrochen und die Perspektive der Schülerinnen und Schüler für eine eigenständige Erschließung der Thematik geöffnet. Die Materialien können als Reihe unterrichtet, aber auch als exemplarische Vertiefung ergänzend zur Arbeit mit dem Schulbuch genutzt werden.
Pauken oder Lernen?
Authors: Kneile-Klenk Karin
Published: March 2022

Dieses Buch soll alle ansprechen, die feststellen mussten, dass die meisten Jugendlichen trotz eines schülernahen und handlungsorientierten Unterrichts vieles vergessen haben und diesem Zustand Abhilfe schaffen wollen. Es ist auch für Berufseinsteiger gedacht, die auf der Suche nach ansprechenden, abwechslungsreichen Festigungsmethoden sind.
"Ein wichtiges Buch, das dem eintönigen Wiederholen von Fakten kreative Alternativen gegenüberstellt."
Lesen in Tirol
Jugendbücher im Geschichtsunterricht
Authors: Rox-Helmer Monika
Published: March 2022

„Wo komme ich her, wie sah es in Städten früher aus, wie war das mit den Römern oder den Rittern, was aßen und tranken unsere Vorfahren, wie gingen sie mit Krankheiten um?“ Das Interesse an solchen Fragen an die Geschichte ist bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ganz natürlich. Deshalb ist es nicht erstaunlich, dass es auf dem Buchmarkt eine Fülle von Jugendbüchern mit historischen Themen gibt, dass diese Bücher zum Teil mit großer Begeisterung gelesen werden und dass dieser Markt beständig weiter wächst. Der Band bietet Lehrkräften Hilfe bei der Auswahl von Jugendbüchern für den Unterricht und liefert hierzu die notwendigen Beurteilungskriterien und Methoden.
Digitale Spiele und historisches Lernen
Authors: Mai Stephan , Preisinger Alexander
Published: March 2022

Digitale Spiele sind fester Bestandteil der Populärkultur. Sie sind Teil der Lebenswirklichkeit vieler Menschen – vor allem, aber längst nicht nur, Jugendlicher. Für Schülerinnen und Schüler sind sie ein selbstverständlicher Teil des Alltags. Sie didaktisch einzusetzen, heißt also, an diese Begeisterung anzuknüpfen.
Dieser Band erschließt Digitale Spiele als Medium, mit dem es nachhaltig gelingt, über verschiedene Kompetenzbereich hinweg, problemorientiertes und forschend-entdeckendes historisches Lernen anzuregen. Der Band enthält zahlreiche Arbeitsblätter für den Geschichtsunterricht zu Praxisbeispielen rund um Digitale Spiele.
Homosexuelle, trans- und intergeschlechtliche Menschen in Deutschland
Authors: Könne Christian
Published: March 2022

Die Geschichte Homosexueller, trans- und intergeschlechtlicher (LSBTI) Menschen gewinnt in der öffentlichen Debatte immer größere Beachtung. Im Geschichtsunterricht kommt sie bisher kaum vor. Dieses Heft möchte das ändern. In zahlreichen Materialien wird die LSBTI-Geschichte in Deutschland, die bis heute immer auch eine Geschichte aus Verfolgung und Emanzipation ist, für den Unterricht erschlossen. Das Heft setzt dabei im Kaiserreich ein und spannt den Bogen dann über Weimarer Republik, Nationalsozialismus, Nachkriegszeit und die großen Debatten der 80er und 90er Jahre bis in die Gegenwart.
Historische Orientierung im Geschichtsunterricht
Authors: Ammerer Heinrich
Published: March 2022

Geschichtsunterricht soll historische Orientierung ermöglichen. Komplexe Gegenwartsphänomene und ihre Entstehung sollen begreifbar, die Problemlösungen früherer Generationen für das eigene Leben erschließbar, die eigenen Handlungsoptionen am positiven und negativen historischen Vorbild geschärft werden. Die Erfahrungen der Vergangenheit sollen auf die Zukunft vorbereiten. Dieser unterrichtspraktisch angelegte Band fragt nach den Fähigkeiten und Wissensbeständen, die Schülerinnen und Schüler dazu benötigen. Anhand von praktischen Anwendungsbeispielen werden Basisoperationen der Kausalitätszuschreibung, der Bedeutungszuweisung, des historischen Vergleichs, der Unterscheidung von Zeit- sowie Erzählebenen, der Perspektivenübernahme sowie des historischen Urteilens und Bewertens veranschaulicht.
Bildung - ein kulturelles Erbe für die Weltgesellschaft
Authors: Sander Wolfgang
Published: March 2022

Vor mehr als 200 Jahren machte Wilhelm von Humboldt mit seiner Theorie der Bildung Furore. Ist Bildung deshalb ein aus der Mode gekommenes Relikt der deutschen Geistesgeschichte? Ganz im Gegenteil: Wolfgang Sander zeigt, dass die Idee der Bildung ein kulturelles Erbe der Menschheit ist, dessen Wurzeln weit hinter Humboldt zurückreichen, in Europa wie auch in anderen kulturellen Kontexten. Eben deshalb ist Bildung als Leitidee für Erziehung und Schule heute, in Zeiten einer sich entwickelnden Weltgesellschaft mit ihrer Vielfalt und ihren Konflikten, von größter Aktualität.
Der Begriff "Heimat" in rechter Musik
Authors: Büchner Timo
Published: March 2022

Der Kampf um die Deutungshoheit des Heimatbegriffs wird nicht nur auf der Straße, im Netz und in den Parlamenten geführt – sondern auch in der Musik. Der Einblick in verschiedene Spektren der rechten Musik zeigt: Die vermeintlich unpolitische Deutschrock-Band „Frei.Wild“, die neurechten Rapper „Komplott“ und „Chris Ares“ sowie der neonazistische Liedermacher „Frank Rennicke“ verbreiten ein völkisches Heimatverständnis, das für eine vielfältige Gesellschaft brandgefährlich ist. Das Buch ist ein analytisches Werkzeug für Lehrer*innen und Praktiker*innen in der Jugendarbeit.
„Nix anderes ist eine größere Macht als Geld“
Authors: Bonfig Anja
Published: March 2022

Die steigende Bedeutung finanzieller Bildung in der Schule wird z.T. mit gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen begründet, welche die heranwachsenden Generationen aktuell – aber auch zukünftig – vor neue Herausforderungen stellen. Welche Inhalte hierfür vermittelt werden müssen bzw. welche Kompetenzen notwendig sind, wird – wie das Feld der ökonomischen Bildung insgesamt – kontrovers diskutiert. Die Autorin analysiert die Facetten dieses Diskurses und eruiert die Möglichkeiten einer sozioökonomischen finanziellen Bildung. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht sie der Frage nach, welche Vorstellungen Schüler*innen mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf über „Geld“ in unterschiedlichen Wirkungszusammenhängen haben. Es zeigt sich, dass die Vorstellungen der Schüler*innen dabei ebenso vielseitig sind wie die fachlichen und fachdidaktischen Perspektiven.
Politik und Wirtschaft bilingual unterrichten
Authors: Elsner Daniela , Engartner Tim , Nijhawan Subin , Rodmann Nina
Published: March 2022

Der vorliegende Band skizziert einen Orientierungsrahmen für die englischsprachige Ausgestaltung des Politik- und Wirtschaftsunterrichts, der auf den jüngsten Forschungserkenntnissen zum bilingualen Sachfachunterricht fußt und den curricularen Entwicklungen sozialwissenschaftlicher Integrationsfächer Rechnung trägt. Inhalte der politisch-ökonomischen Bildung werden mit kulturellen Dimensionen verzahnt, um die Entwicklung kommunikativer Kompetenzen in der Unterrichtssprache Englisch zu fördern. Neben dem curricularen Orientierungsrahmen bietet der Band auch methodische Anregungen sowie deren beispielhafte Anwendung in Form eines Planspiels.
Traning Antidiskriminierung
Authors: Schellenberg Britta
Published: March 2022

Das „Training Antidiskriminierung“ macht fit für das Leben und Arbeiten im pluralen Deutschland. Die Übungen stärken sowohl sozial, als auch emotional und kognitiv. Sie sensibilisieren, regen zur (Selbst-)Reflexion an und sind zudem handlungsorientiert. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Thematik rassistischer Diskriminierung sowie auf institutionellen Problemen und Bearbeitungsmöglichkeiten. Die Trainings können zielgruppenspezifisch zusammengestellt werden. Unter ihnen finden sich Einstiegs- und Grundlagenübungen, Follow-ups sowie Vertiefungs- und abschließende Übungen. Methodische, didaktische und fachliche „Schlaglichter“ markieren Herausforderungen und stellen Hintergrundinformationen bereit.
Verstehen sichern
Authors: Degner Bettina , Göttert Ulrike
Published: March 2022

„Verstehen sichern“ ist das zentrale Anliegen dieses Buches, das die fachdidaktische mit der sonderpädagogischen Perspektive verknüpft. Die Autorinnen stellen die Schüler*innengruppe der Hörgeschädigten in den Mittelpunkt ihrer Überlegungen. Sie erläutern Auswirkungen dieser unsichtbaren Behinderung auf sprachliche Verstehensprozesse, die kognitive und emotionale Entwicklung sowie auf den Aufbau des Geschichtsbewusstseins und entwickeln ein inklusives Setting, das diesen differenten Entwicklungen auf drei Ebenen didaktisch begegnet: der Klassenraumgestaltung, der Visualisierung und Strukturierung der Lerninhalte und der Veranschaulichung und Entlastung von Sprache. An zwei Beispiel für den Geschichtsunterricht werden diese verstehenssichernden Maßnahmen veranschaulicht. Das Buch enthält zahlreiche Anregungen für den Umgang mit Verstehensproblemen und ist auch für den inklusiven Unterricht in anderen kommunikationsintensiven Fächer wie Politik, Religion und die Fremdsprachen hilfreich.
Alltag in der DDR
Authors: Bongertmann Ulrich
Published: March 2022

DDR-Geschichte findet sich inzwischen in allen Lehrplänen. Innerhalb eines knappen Zeitrahmens liegt der Schwerpunkt dabei in der Regel auf der politischen Geschichte des SED-Staates und seiner diktatorischen Ausprägung. Bei Schülerinnen und Schülern erzeugt dies einen kognitiven Konflikt, wenn über Familie, Zeitzeugen oder Geschichtskultur
andersartige Alltagserinnerungen in den Unterricht gelangen. Geschichtsunterrichts kann dies aufgreifen und zeigen, dass die politisch-diktatorische Seite und die weniger eindeutige Alltagsgeschichte sich gegenseitig nicht ausschließen. Der didaktische Gewinn liegt dabei auch in einer differenzierteren Sicht auf moderne Diktaturen, deren Macht über die Gesellschaft immer begrenzt ist und die sich deshalb um die Loyalität der Menschen bemühen müssen.
Das vorliegende Heft ermöglicht mit zahlreichen Materialien einen Einblick in verschiedene, für Schülerinnen und Schülern relevante Aspekte des DDR-Alltags, dessen politische Bedingungen dabei zugleich in den Blick geraten. Das Heft kann in Zeitnot punktuell eingesetzt oder als Einheit unterrichtet werden.
Epochenwandel 1989
Authors: Barth Steffen , Siegel David
Published: March 2022

Die Ereignisse von November 1989 waren noch kurz zuvor für keinen Zeitgenossen vorhersehbar und doch verändert Sie die Zukunft Deutschlands und Europas einschneidend und haben Auswirkungen bis in die Gegenwart. Im Geschichtsunterricht lässt sich ein derart komplexer ereignisgeschichtlicher Gesamtzusammenhang nur durch exemplarisches Lernen an Kernaspekten bewältigen. Die zahlreichen Unterrichtsmaterialien in diesem Heft ermöglichen es Schülerinnen und Schülern sich dem Thema Schritt für Schritt vertiefend zu nähern. Gegenstände sind die dabei die Ursachen der Revolution, konkrete Ausprägungen des Protests, die Frage nach dem Charakter der Revolution, die internationale Dimension sowie die wirtschaftliche Transformation. Dokumente über die Rezeption der Wiedervereinigung, die juristische Aufarbeitung und bis in die Gegenwart reichende Debatten schließen das Heft ab.
Revolutionen in der Geschichte
Authors: Wolff Eva
Published: March 2022

Die in diesem Heft versammelten Materialien ermöglichen die Behandlungen von Revolutionen als Längsschnitt im Geschichtsunterricht. Die Ausrichtung entspringt der Überzeugung, dass Schüler*innen über Längsschnittthemen eher angeregt werden, in größeren Zusammenhängen zu denken und damit auch ihre narrativen Kompetenzen zu stärken. Längsschnitte leisten durch Gegenwartsbezüge einen wichtigen Beitrag zur politischen Bildung. Zu historischer Bildung können sie beitragen, wenn es im diachronen Vergleich gelingt, über die Analyse der Quellen dem Phänomen der Standortgebundenheit auf die Spur zu kommen und so schließlich auch eine historische Selbstreflexion zu entwickeln.