bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-520b Suppresses Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Spinal Osteosarcoma Cells via Downregulation of Frizzled-8
Authors: Wang Jin , Pang Wenquan , Zuo Zhenbai , Zhang Wenyan , He Weidong
Published: March 2017

Spinal osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor that has a poor outcome. MicroRNA-520b (miR-520b) acts as a cancer suppressor in various types of cancer. Because of the limited amount of literature on OS, we aimed to identify the role of miR-520b in OS. The miR-520b level in clinical spinal OS tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues as well as in cell lines was assessed. The effect of miR-520b on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and frizzled-8 (FZD8) degradation were all evaluated. Alterations of key proteins involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were assessed by Western blot analysis. In the present study, miR-520b was downregulated in human spinal OS tissues and OS cell lines (p < 0.01 orp < 0.001). Overexpression of miR-520b inhibited cell proliferation (p < 0.01 orp < 0.001), migration (p < 0.01), and invasion (p < 0.01). FZD8 expression was negatively regulated by infection with a lentivirus vector carrying an miR-520b precursor in dose- and time-dependent manners. In OS tissues, miR-520b was inversely correlated with FZD8 expression. FZD8 was upregulated in human spinal OS tissues and cell lines. Finally, miR-520b inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through downregulation of FZD8. miR-520b inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by downregulation of FZD8, providing a novel therapeutic target for spinal OS.
Knockdown of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 2 Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion in Glioma Cells via Suppressing the ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Li-Kun , Zhu Jie , Chen Yu-Hua , Wang Dong-Liang , Li Hua , Zhang Liang-Jun , Zhou Jing-Ru , Liu Wei
Published: March 2017

Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2), a member of the glycoprotein family, is mainly secreted by adipose tissues under normal conditions. Recently, ANGPTL2 has been found to be upregulated in some types of cancers and is considered to be a tumor promoter. However, the functional significance
of ANGPTL2 in glioma has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the specific role of ANGPTL2 in glioma. The results showed that ANGPTL2 was highly expressed in glioma tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of ANGPTL2 reduced the proliferative and invasive abilities of glioma cells.
Moreover, the tumorigenesis assay showed that ANGPTL2 knockdown inhibited glioma tumor growth in vivo. We also found that ANGPTL2 knockdown decreased the protein levels of p-ERK1/2 in glioma cells and thus blocked the activity of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Taken together, our study provided
the first evidence that ANGPTL2 played an oncogenic role in glioma development and might be considered as a new therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
ALMA Observations of Vibrationally Excited HC3N Lines Toward Orion KL
Authors: Peng Yaping , Qin Sheng-Li , Schilke Peter , Sánchez-Monge Álvaro , Wu Yuefang , Liu Tie , Li Di , Möller Thomas , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Feng Siyi , Liu Ying , Luo Gan , Zhang Li , Rong Jia-Lei
Published: March 2017

We present high spatial resolution ALMA observations of vibrational transitions of HC3N toward Orion KL in the 214–247 GHz frequency band. 41 transitions of HC3N in 7 vibrationally excited states, and 23 transitions of 13C isotopologues of HC3N in 2 vibrational states are detected. The line images show that vibrationally excited HC3N lines originate mainly from the hot core of Orion and IRc7. The images of HC3N vibrationally excited lines show that the line emission peaks associated with the hot core move from south to northeast as

increases. Based on multiple transitions of each vibrationally excited state, we performed local thermodynamic equilibrium calculations in the XCLASS suite toward the hot core and IRc7 positions. Generally, transitions in highly excited states have higher rotational temperatures and lower column densities. The rotational temperatures and column densities of the hot core range from 93 to 321 K, and from

to

cm−2, respectively. Lower rotational temperatures ranging from 88 to 186 K and column densities from

to

cm−2 are obtained toward IRc7. The facts that the hot core emission peaks of vibrationally excited HC3N lines move from south to northeast with increasing

, and that higher-energy HC3N lines have higher rotational temperatures and lower column densities, appear to support that the hot core is externally heated. The emission peaks are moving along the major axis of the SiO outflow, which may indicate that higher-energy HC3N transitions are excited by interaction between pre-existing dense medium and shocks generated by SiO outflows.
Star Formation Activity in the Molecular Cloud G35.20–0.74: Onset of Cloud–Cloud Collision
Authors: Dewangan L. K.
Published: March 2017

To probe star formation (SF) processes, we present results of an analysis of the molecular cloud G35.20−0.74 (hereafter MCG35.2) using multi-frequency observations. The MCG35.2 is depicted in a velocity range of 30–40 km s−1. An almost horseshoe-like structure embedded within the MCG35.2 is evident in the infrared and millimeter images and harbors the previously known sites, ultra-compact/hyper-compact G35.20−0.74N H ii region, Ap2-1, and Mercer 14 at its base. The site, Ap2-1, is found to be excited by a radio spectral type of B0.5V star where the distribution of 20 cm and Hα emission is surrounded by the extended molecular hydrogen emission. Using the Herschel 160–500 μm and photometric 1–24 μm data analysis, several embedded clumps and clusters of young stellar objects (YSOs) are investigated within the MCG35.2, revealing the SF activities. A majority of the YSOs clusters and massive clumps (500–4250

) are seen toward the horseshoe-like structure. The position–velocity analysis of 13CO emission shows a blueshifted peak (at 33 km s−1) and a redshifted peak (at 37 km s−1) interconnected by lower intensity intermediate velocity emission, tracing a broad bridge feature. The presence of such a broad bridge feature suggests the onset of a collision between molecular components in the MCG35.2. A noticeable change in the H-band starlight mean polarization angles has also been observed in the MCG35.2, probably tracing the interaction between molecular components. Taken together, it seems that the cloud–cloud collision process has influenced the birth of massive stars and YSOs clusters in the MCG35.2.
The MASSIVE Survey. VI. The Spatial Distribution and Kinematics of Warm Ionized Gas in the Most Massive Local Early-type Galaxies
Authors: Pandya Viraj , Greene Jenny E. , Ma Chung-Pei , Veale Melanie , Ene Irina , Davis Timothy A. , Blakeslee John P. , Goulding Andy D. , McConnell Nicholas J. , Nyland Kristina , Thomas Jens
Published: March 2017

We present the first systematic investigation of the existence, spatial distribution, and kinematics of warm ionized gas as traced by the [O ii] 3727 Å emission line in 74 of the most massive galaxies in the local universe. All of our galaxies have deep integral-field spectroscopy from the volume- and magnitude-limited MASSIVE survey of early-type galaxies with stellar mass

(M

K
 < −25.3 mag) and distance D < 108 Mpc. Of the 74 galaxies in our sample, we detect warm ionized gas in 28, which yields a global detection fraction of 38 ± 6% down to a typical [O ii] equivalent width limit of 2 Å. MASSIVE fast rotators are more likely to have gas than MASSIVE slow rotators with detection fractions of 80 ± 10% and 28 ± 6%, respectively. The spatial extents span a wide range of radii (0.6–18.2 kpc; 0.1–4R

e
), and the gas morphologies are diverse, with 17/28 ≈ 61 ± 9% being centrally concentrated, 8/28 ≈ 29 ± 9% exhibiting clear rotation out to several kiloparsecs, and 3/28 ≈ 11 ± 6% being extended but patchy. Three out of four fast rotators show kinematic alignment between the stars and gas, whereas the two slow rotators with robust kinematic measurements available exhibit kinematic misalignment. Our inferred warm ionized gas masses are roughly ∼105
M
⊙. The emission line ratios and radial equivalent width profiles are generally consistent with excitation of the gas by the old underlying stellar population. We explore different gas origin scenarios for MASSIVE galaxies and find that a variety of physical processes are likely at play, including internal gas recycling, cooling out of the hot gaseous halo, and gas acquired via mergers.
Microphysics in the Gamma-Ray Burst Central Engine
Authors: Janiuk Agnieszka
Published: March 2017

We calculate the structure and evolution of a gamma-ray burst central engine where an accreting torus has formed around the newly born black hole. We study the general relativistic, MHD models and we self-consistently incorporate the nuclear equation of state. The latter accounts for the degeneracy of relativistic electrons, protons, and neutrons, and is used in the dynamical simulation, instead of a standard polytropic γ-law. The EOS provides the conditions for the nuclear pressure in the function of density and temperature, which evolve with time according to the conservative MHD scheme. We analyze the structure of the torus and outflowing winds, and compute the neutrino flux emitted through the nuclear reaction balance in the dense and hot matter. We also estimate the rate of transfer of the black-hole rotational energy to the bipolar jets. Finally, we elaborate on the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements in the accretion flow and the wind, through computations of the thermonuclear reaction network. We discuss the possible signatures of the radioactive element decay in the accretion flow. We suggest that further detailed modeling of the accretion flow in the GRB engine, together with its microphysics, may be a valuable tool to constrain the black-hole mass and spin. It can be complementary to the gravitational wave analysis if the waves are detected with an electromagnetic counterpart.
Constraints on the Location of the Gamma-ray Emission Region for the Gamma-ray-loud Radio Source GB 1310+487
Authors: Kang Shi-Ju
Published: March 2017

We employ a single-zone leptonic jet model, with synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton, and external Compton (EC) processes, to reproduce the quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength spectral energy distributions in active and quiescent states of the narrow-line gamma-ray-loud radio source GB 1310+487. In the case of the EC process, the external seed photons from both the broad line region (BLR) and the dust torus are considered by assuming that the gamma-ray emission region is located at the outside boundary of the BLR and inside the dust torus. Comparing the energy density of external photon fields

obtained by model fitting with that constrained from the BLR observations. We find that the location of the gamma-ray-emitting region of GB 1310+487 can be tightly constrained at the outer edge of the BLR (the dissipation distance of the γ-ray emission region from central black hole

). The ratio of magnetic energy and emitting-electron energy in the radiation blob (

) is gradually increased from Flare 1, to Flare 2, to Post-flare, where the magnetic energy increases and the matter energy decreases. These results suggest that the conversion of the magnetic field and the matter (radiation electrons) energy and the location of the γ-ray emission region (or ambient photon field) may play an important role in different radiation states of GB 1310+487.
In vitro Selection of Resistance to Sofosbuvir in HCV Replicons of Genotype-1 to -6
Authors: Xu Simin , Doehle Brian , Rajyaguru Sonal , Han Bin , Barauskas Ona , Feng Joy , Perry Jason , Dvory-Sobol Hadas , Svarovskaia Evguenia S , Miller Michael D , Mo Hongmei
Published: March 2017

Background

Sofosbuvir is a nucleoside analogue inhibitor of the HCV NS5B polymerase approved for treatment of HCV-infected patients in combination with ribavirin or with other antivirals. It has activity against all genotypes of HCV. Resistance to sofosbuvir in genotype-1 and -2 HCV is conferred by the S282T substitution in NS5B.

Methods

To begin to define the correlates of resistance to sofosbuvir in other genotypes, we performed selection experiments in cell culture using cell lines containing subgenomic replicons derived from genotypes-1b, -2a, -3a and -4a, or chimeric replicons in a genotype-1b background but encoding genotype-2b, -5a and -6a NS5B polymerase.

Results

In every case, S282T was selected following passage in the presence of increasing concentrations of sofosbuvir for 10 to 15 weeks. When introduced as a site-directed mutant, S282T conferred reductions in sofosbuvir susceptibility of between 2.4 and 19.4-fold. Other substitutions observed during the selections had relatively less impact on susceptibility, such as N237S in genotype-6a (2.5-fold). Replication capacity was affected by the introduction of S282T in all genotypes to variable extents (3.2% to 22% of wild type).

Conclusions

These results confirm that S282T is the primary sofosbuvir resistance-associated substitution and that replication capacity is reduced when it is present in all genotypes of HCV.
Can imaging modalities be used as follow-up criteria after brucellar sacroiliitis treatment?
Authors: Bilgeturk Aybars , Gul Hanefi Cem , Karakas Ahmet , Mert Gurkan , Artuk Cumhur , Eyigun Can Polat
Published: March 2017

Introduction: This study aimed to identify a follow-up modality that can be used to evaluate therapeutic responses in patients receiving treatment for brucellar sacroillitis and to determine whether antibiotherapy can be stopped. Methodology: A total of 32 patients with sacroiliac joint involvement demonstrated via magnetic resonance imaging or bone scintigraphy were followed up and treated. Patients received 200 mg/day of doxycycline and 600–900 mg/day of rifampicin for 3–21 months, and 1 g/day of streptomycin for 21 days. Results: The mean age of the 32 patients involved was 21.81 ± 4.09. In total, 10/32 patients did not complete therapy, and the remaining 22 patients received combination antibiotic treatment for a mean of 8.95 ± 4.34 months. Of the 22 patients, 15 underwent MRI, and 7 of them did not consent to MRI. Similarly, 17 patients were followed up by bone scintigraphy, and 5 patients did not have scintigraphy results. In 9/17 patients followed up with bone scintigraphy, sacroiliitis findings were found to reduce after a mean of 7.44 ± 3.71 months, whereas in 12/15 patients on whom MRI was performed,  there were no active sacroiliitis findings for a mean of 6.95 ± 2.83 months. Conclusions: While active involvement findings in bone scintigraphy were observed for a longer period in scintigraphy images, active sacroiliitis findings disappeared in a relatively shorter period of time with MRI. Therefore, we have demonstrated that high-resolution MRI is a very sensitive technique compared to scintigraphy.
La cure psychanalytique, une création à deux
Authors: Fabre Nicole
Published: March 2017

Au cœur de la démarche psychanalytique et dans les différents moments qui la caractérisent, il y a toujours création. L’interprétation est création, que ce soit celle proposée par le psychanalyste et accueillie par le patient ou celle que découvre et énonce le patient. De même le travail de construction, qu’il s’accomplisse comme le présente Freud ou comme l’ont analysé ses successeurs. Le rêve-éveillé en séance apparaît comme la quintessence de l’acte de création dans une cure analytique. Acte de création qui finalement concerne autant l’analyste que l’analysant.
Une cimaise pour divan
Authors: Charissou Christian
Published: March 2017

La psychanalyse ouvre résolument à des champs du savoir qui s’enrichissent de son appréhension puissamment humanisante et définitivement tournée vers le symbolique et l’imaginaire. Dans ce texte « Une cimaise pour divan » L’expérience de curateur d’expositions pour un psychanalyste fait apparaitre d’étranges similarités dans les processus de pensée mobilisés pour le soin aux patients et la monstration d’œuvres d’art. Il y est proposé une description détaillée de l’art de l’installation fort de l’occurrence psychanalytique.
Du sexuel sur le divan : une double pulsion de mort à l’œuvre
Authors: Lauret Monique
Published: March 2017

Que dire de cette sexualité qui apparaît quelquefois sur le divan, entre un analyste et son analysant ? C’est une forme grave de passage à l’acte sexuel dans le transfert, mettant à l’arrêt et à mal le travail analytique effectué jusque-là et pouvant provoquer de véritables effets de ravages psychiques chez l’analysant. Effets de ravage équivalents à un traumatisme infantile pour Louise de Urtubey, à mon avis équivalents à un inceste psychique voire un véritable attentat. Une forme particulière de résistance de certaines fins de cure utilise les ressorts de destructivité de la pulsion de mort. Cet article va en déployer, à partir de l’histoire de la psychanalyse, les différents processus.
Symbolisme des décors génitaux chez l’être humain
Authors: Deveaux Michel
Published: March 2017

Lorsque Dieu renvoya Adam et Ève du Jardin d’Éden il « fit à l’homme et à sa femme des tuniques de peau et les en vêtit » (Gn, 3, 21). Quel sens peut-on donner à ces « tuniques » ? Et s’il s’agissait d’une marque, d’un signe inscrit à tout jamais dans les corps de l’homme et de la femme ? Deux tuniques de peau pourraient bien être soumises à notre réflexion : L’hymen chez la femme et le prépuce chez l’homme. Leurs fonctions anatomo-physiologiques n’offrant que peu d’intérêt examinons quelles pourraient être les fonctions symboliques de ces deux tuniques que nous qualifierons de « décors génitaux » de l’homme et de la femme. Si on érotise le sacré il doit être possible également de sacraliser l’érotique.
Attentes et insertions parenthétiques
Authors: Berrendonner Alain
Published: March 2017

Les faits de discours traités ailleurs en termes d’attentes ou de projections sont décrits ici comme reposant sur l’existence de relations de dépendance de deux ordres : implications d’occurrences entre signes et contraintes pragmatiques de pertinence liant énonciations et états du savoir partagé. L’interprétation de ces relations se fait en deux étapes : (i) l’actualisation du terme dépendant a pour effet d’inscrire dans le savoir partagé (ou mémoire discursive) une variable d’un certain type dont il dépend ; (ii) l’actualisation du second terme y verse ensuite une valeur particulière, qui peut être attribuée à la variable via une opération logique d’unification. Ce mécanisme « variable provisoire, puis unification » est illustré par des suites qui contiennent une insertion parenthétique. Celle-ci vient dissocier les deux étapes du processus, entraînant parfois des perturbations de la seconde.
Emplois concessifs et non concessifs de pouvoir bien
Authors: Gachet Frédéric , Béguelin Marie-José
Published: March 2017

La présente étude porte sur la locution < pouvoir bien Vinf.> qui, parmi ses divers emplois, entre dans la formation de diptyques concessifs du type il peut bien faire tous ses efforts, il ne réussira pas . Nous montrons que les emplois de ce genre, minoritaires mais bien identifiés, sont favorisés non seulement par les potentialités sémantiques de pouvoir et de bien , mais aussi par des situations discursives où l’actualisation d’une clause avec pouvoir bien « laisse attendre », pour des raisons de pertinence informationnelle, l’actualisation d’une clause partenaire anti-orientée du point de vue argumentatif. Un premier inventaire de facteurs favorables à l’interprétation concessive est proposé dans cet article.
Ce qu’il advient des attentes créées par non seulement en français parlé
Authors: Montchaud Pascal
Published: March 2017

Cet article rend compte du sort réservé à l’attente d’une suite ouverte par non seulement dans un corpus de 87 items de français parlé. Il prend le parti de mettre en valeur les exemples les moins stéréotypés. Les données sont d’abord séparées selon que l’attente ouverte par non seulement est, ou non, saturée. Les exemples où l’attente est saturée sont ensuite répartis selon que la séquence saturante (i) résout uniquement l’attente ouverte auparavant, (ii) instaure en outre une relation avec la séquence ouvrante, et (iii) signale de surcroît son appartenance à un tout. Ce classement suggère une conception renouvelée de la corrélation au niveau du discours. En conclusion, mais aussi n’est pas systématiquement corrélé avec non seulement . Bien que la suite annoncée par non seulement soit fréquemment marquée par mais , sa réalisation linguistique demeure fondamentalement libre.
La machine électorale : culture matérielle des bureaux de vote au Ghana, au Kenya et en Ouganda
Authors: Willis Justin , Lynch Gabrielle , Cheeseman Nic , Botiveau Raphaël
Published: March 2017

Les élections mettent en jeu plusieurs types de représentations publiques de l’ordre, que ce soit durant les campagnes ou au fil des processus bureaucratiques entourant la tenue des scrutins. Cet article s’intéresse à un élément clé de l’élection, à savoir la culture matérielle du bureau de vote et les processus qui lui sont associés. Il en dissèque les pratiques, leurs continuités et transformations dans trois pays de l’Afrique postcoloniale : le Ghana, le Kenya et l’Ouganda. L’article défend l’idée selon laquelle ce sont la concentration en un même lieu et la combinaison technique entre des éléments et des processus multiples qui ont façonné ce lieu – idéellement et non toujours dans la réalité – comme dispositif bureaucratique ; celui-là même qui contribue à la mise en scène d’une relation particulière entre l’État et l’individu citoyen. Le bureau de vote participe ainsi de la création de l’État en tant qu’entité distincte de la société, comme sphère de l’ordre, et ce bien qu’il fasse aussi de l’électeur le sujet de cet ordre. Pour autant, s’il est conçu de façon à produire une citoyenneté idéale et non médiée, la pratique et l’expérience viennent souvent la subvertir, suggérant ainsi que l’État s’encastre en fait profondément dans la société. Si le bureau de vote demeure une influente salle de classe, les leçons qu’il enseigne restent donc quant à elles incohérentes et contestées.
Politiques de la reconnaissance et de l’origine contrôlée : la construction du Somaliland à travers ses cartes d’électeurs
Authors: Rader Anna C. , Périer Miriam
Published: March 2017

Les cartes d’électeurs sont des objets politiques fondamentaux. Le Somaliland, comme nombre d’autres États africains, a adopté de nouvelles technologies censées lui permettre de créer des cartes d’électeurs éliminant à termes les votes multiples et garantissant des élections libres et justes. Ces cartes sont cependant également des artéfacts de processus d’authentification bureaucratiques. Elles sont porteuses de récits complexes et contestés sur la reconnaissance nationale et la citoyenneté authentique, deux éléments constitutifs des efforts de construction d’un État viable. Les cartes d’électeurs sont, en réalité, des documents politiques et des objets sociaux importants qui permettent d’examiner les politiques de construction et de formation de l’État.
Les chiens dans la ville
Authors: Laffont Jean-Luc
Published: March 2017

L’un des problèmes majeurs de la ville ancienne est certainement celui de l’omniprésence en ses murs d’animaux de toutes sortes. Si Toulouse ne fait pas exception, l’étude de ce vaste sujet y fait nettement ressortir un problème lié à une espèce d’animal en particulier : les chiens. Le fait est d’autant plus remarquable que les animaux de compagnie se dérobent d’ordinaire à l’investigation (ainsi, par exemple, il n’y aurait pas eu de chats à Toulouse...). Dans le domaine animalier, le XVIII e siècle est marqué – entre autres choses – par une nette augmentation de la population canine, laquelle s’est produite à des époques et des rythmes différents selon les provinces, mais qui a été plus particulièrement marqué dans les grandes villes où l’on peut parler de pullulement des chiens notamment errants et abandonnés. Ce phénomène s’observe tardivement à Toulouse (et dans le Haut Languedoc) où il ne se fait sentir qu’à partir des années 1770 ; il ne tarde pas alors à s’imposer comme un problème majeur pour l’autorité municipale qui vit dans la hantise de la rage. La capitale du Languedoc, où la question canine fut longtemps inexistante (depuis au moins la fin du XVI e siècle), découvre alors un sérieux problème d’hygiène, de santé et de sécurité publique qui devait perdurer au moins jusqu’au milieu du XIX e siècle. Touchant ici un angle mort de l’historiographie tant de la France urbaine que de celle des animaux, et singulièrement des chiens, notre étude vise à restituer la respiration saccadée de ce phénomène, à saisir les entreprises des pouvoirs publics pour l’endiguer, et à tenter d’en discerner les ressorts en se tournant vers les strates populaires de la société toulousaine gagnées à la cause canine.
Bestiaire des hospices. Présences animales dans les établissements pour les vieillards
Authors: Richelle Sophie
Published: March 2017

La disparition des animaux dans la ville au cours du 19 e siècle a souvent été lue comme partie prenante du processus d’hygiénisation et de sanitarisation de l’espace urbain. La question se pose alors a priori avec d’autant plus d’acuité pour les établissements à vocation sanitaire et sociale, tels que les hospices. Différentes catégories d’animaux sont pourtant identifiées dans les hospices de Bruxelles entre ceux « productifs » (vache, cheval, porc), ceux « indésirables » (pigeon, vermine) et ceux dit « de compagnie » (chien, chat). Leur disparition n’est cependant pas toujours liée à des principes hygiénistes. Via ce bestiaire détaillé, animaux et hospices, au sein de la ville du 19 e siècle, éclairent mutuellement leur histoire propre...
La sécurité alimentaire et sanitaire à Metz
Authors: Litzenburger Laurent
Published: March 2017

La surveillance des métiers de l’alimentation est une préoccupation précoce des villes médiévales, qui se manifeste à Metz avec une intensité renouvelée dans le courant du XV e siècle, ce dont rendent compte les sources administratives (Archives Municipales de Metz, série CC) et narratives. Les autorités urbaines cherchent alors à exercer un contrôle de plus en plus strict sur la production et la distribution alimentaire. Cela trahit une double préoccupation : s’assurer de la sécurité alimentaire et sanitaire de la population, c’est-à-dire in fine de la stabilité politique de la ville. Cette volonté s’exprime au quotidien, mais avec une intensité sans pareil en temps de crises de subsistances. Les acteurs de l’alimentation se retrouvent alors au cœur de la politique de gestion de crise de la cité.
L’arrogance du préjugé raciste
Authors: de Mijolla-Mellor Sophie
Published: March 2017

L’arrogance s’accompagne d’une permanente démonstration de supériorité à l’égard de l’autre, destinée à le maintenir au niveau inférieur. On peut l’envisager sur un plan individuel mais aussi d’un point de vue sociétal et politique lorsque sont concernés l’esprit de caste, l’impérialisme, le racisme. Dans cet article, l’auteur montre à partir de l’analyse des textes des théoriciens du racisme (Boulainvilliers, Gobineau, Rosenberg) en quoi l’apodicticité de leurs arguments constitue en soi une violence arrogante.
Citoyenneté ou identité nationale : l’identité des citoyens du monde et des sans domicile fixe
Authors: Payan Ségolène
Published: March 2017

À une époque où une nation peut difficilement se définir par une population autochtone depuis plusieurs générations, la notion de citoyenneté se substitue-t-elle aux concepts de race et d’identité nationale ? L’étude de deux figures de l’extraterritorialité, celle du citoyen du monde et celle du sans domicile fixe, interroge les liens qu’un sujet peut entretenir avec son identité et sa nation. Le prix à payer pour devenir un bon citoyen d’une nation est-il autre que l’assujettissement et l’aliénation aux autorités légales qui tendent à effacer l’étrangeté originale du sujet déplacé ?
Vers l’effacement de l’ agorá : enjeux sociaux et cliniques
Authors: Smaniotto Maxence
Published: March 2017

L’article se propose de reprendre la notion de agorá pour l’introduire dans le discours psychanalytique au niveau sociale et clinique. L’ agorá est ici conçu comme espace psychique capable d’articuler l’ oikos , l’espace privé, et l’ ecclesia , l’espace publique. L’effacement de l’ agorá à des conséquences tant au niveau sociale (retour d’un Nom-du-Père autour duquel ressembler la société) que clinique. Est-il possible, aujourd’hui, de refonder la fonction de l’ agorá pour ainsi restaurer le désir ?
Granulomatous Mastitis in a Transgender Patient
Authors: Sam Kenny Q , Severs Frederick J , Ebuoma Lilian O , Chandandeep Nagi S. , Sedgwick Emily L
Published: March 2017

Granulomatous mastitis is a rare and benign inflammatory condition of the breast most commonly affecting women of child-bearing age as well as patients on oral contraceptives.  This condition is important to identify due to its diagnostic mimicry of malicious entities such as breast carcinoma.  Clinical and radiological findings are nonspecific and may overlap with breast carcinomas, thus pathologic confirmation is often necessary for definitive diagnosis. Although cases of granulomatous mastitis have been described in cisgender females, there have been no reported cases in the transgender patient, a growing patient population with few imaging guidelines.   Transgender patients are at risk of developing this breast entity due to the use of long-term hormone treatments or presence of residual breast tissue.  A trial of antibiotics or steroids may be administered. However, surgical treatment is often necessary in recurrent or refractory cases.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the airways in a young adult male
Authors: Horst Maarten , Dekker Mirthe , Braak Sicco
Published: March 2017

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the airways is a rare entity most often found in young patients. We present a case of a 23 year old patient with symptoms of pneumonia, which progresses to a pulmonary abscess within a week. Diagnostic work-up reveals an endobronchial obstruction by a pedunculated low grade MEC. A literature review is provided and radiological appearances are described.
Does Google serve as a model for using place names?
Authors: Gercsák Gábor , Mikesy Gábor
Published: March 2017

This paper examines the reliability of geographical names published on various internet platforms and seeks to improve the place-name content of internet maps. Hungarian examples of incorrect place names from various online maps draw attention to the need for cooperation between those that provide internet maps or map-based applications and relevant national or professional institutions.
Classifying the Mediterranean terraced landscape: the case of Adriatic Croatia
Authors: Andlar Goran , Šrajer Filip , Trojanović Anita
Published: March 2017

This article presents a Croatian Adriatic terraced landscape classification, highlighting its natural and cultural background and proposing a classification framework for further research. The classification is based on the landscape level (i.e., the “landscape pattern level”), synthesizing its structural, biophysical, and cultural-historical dimensions. The interpretation of classes involves a combination of general land use, structure, geomorphology, local land use, crops, soil type, and historical aspects. Nine classes of terraced landscapes are identified and described, example locations are given, and they are substantiated with illustrations and photos.
Terraced landscapes in Slovakia
Authors: Špulerová Jana , Dobrovodská Marta , Štefunková Dagmar , Kenderessy Pavol , Izsóff Martin
Published: March 2017

This study investigates the distribution of terraced landscapes in Slovakia and analyzes their structural characteristics and land use. We found that traditional farming and terrace building as a part of agricultural intensification resulted in two types of terraced landscapes: historical terraced landscapes and new terraced landscapes. The two types differ in size, structure of various elements, their management intensity, and the impact of these spatial structures on biodiversity. Historical terraced landscapes in Slovakia have been partially preserved in vineyard regions, but they are mainly found in mountainous areas. New terraced landscapes are mainly linked to vineyard landscapes. The plant species composition on the mapped terraced landscapes shows a high diversity of habitats and terraces as agrarian relief forms create islands of species diversity in extensively managed agricultural landscapes.
Effect of refrigeration time on the lipid oxidation and fatty acid profiles of catfish (Arius maculatus) commercialized in Cameroon
Authors: Tenyang N. , Womeni H. M. , Tiencheu B. , Villeneuve P. , Linder M.
Published: March 2017

The effects of refrigeration at 4 °C during 9 days on the quality and stability of catfish oil were evaluated using a change in fatty acid composition by gas chromatography (GC), commonly used analytical indexes (acid and peroxide values), and analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results revealed that lipid deterioration, hydrolysis and oxidation occurred throughout the cold storage (4 °C). Refrigeration induced the lipolysis of triglycerides by lipases and phospholipases. It also affected the fatty acids composition of the catfish. The progressive loss of unsaturation was monitored by the decrease in the absorbance band at 3012 cm-1 on FTIR spectra and the lowest value was observed in the catfish muscle at 9 days of refrigeration. Eicosapentaenoic C20:5ω3 (EPA) and docosahexaenoic C22:6ω3 (DHA) acids were the polyunsaturated fatty acids most affected during refrigeration. Refrigeration for less than 5 days was found to be the best conditions for the preservation of the catfish.
Anti-inflammatory activity of two varieties of pumpkin seed oil in an adjuvant arthritis model in rats
Authors: Al-Okbi S. Y. , Mohamed D. A. , Kandil E. , Abo-Zeid M. A. , Mohammed S. E. , Ahmed E. K.
Published: March 2017

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of pumpkin seed oils (PSOs) of an Egyptian and European variety, in a rat model of adjuvant arthritis. Edema thickness, plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined as inflammatory biomarkers while malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed as indicative of oxidative stress. Chromosomal aberration, sperm shape abnormalities, and DNA fragmentations are cytogenetic parameters which aid in tracing inflammatory and oxidative activity. Phenolic contents and β-carotene were determined in PSOs. The results showed elevated ESR, plasma TNF-α, plasma MDA, liver cellular DNA fragmentation, bone marrow chromosomal aberration, sperm shape abnormalities with a reduction in plasma TAC and body weight gain in an adjuvant arthritis control compared to a healthy control. Administration of low and high doses of either Egyptian or European PSO improved all the aforementioned parameters with variable degrees.
Regarding the rejection performance of a polymeric reverse osmosis membrane for the final purification of two-phase olive mill effluents previously treated by an advanced oxidation process
Authors: Ochando-Pulido J. M. , Martínez-Férez A.
Published: March 2017

In previous works on olive mill wastewater (OMW), secondary advanced oxidation treatment solved the problem related to the presence of phenolic compounds and considerable chemical oxygen demand. However, the effluent presented a significant salinity after this treatment. In this work, an adequate operation of a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is addressed to ensure constant performance over a long period of time. In this paper, the effect of the operating parameters on the dynamic membrane rejection performance towards the target species was examined and discussed. Rejection efficiencies of all species were observed to follow a similar pattern, which consisted of slight initial improvement that further decreased over time. Rejection of both divalent ions remained constant at over 99% regardless of the operating conditions. Rejections were noticed to follow the order SO42- > Cl- > NO3- and Ca2+ > Mg2+> K+> Na+, as a rule. Divalent species were moderately more highly rejected than monovalent ones, in accordance with their higher charge and molecular size, and sulfate anions were consistently rejected by over 99%. Finally, the RO membrane exiting treated effluent was depleted of the high electro conductivity initially present (above 97% rejection), permitting its re-use as good quality irrigation water (below 1 mS/cm).
Antioxidant activity and sensory analysis of murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz.) fruit extracts in an oil model system
Authors: Augusto-Obara T. R. , Pirce F. , Scheuermann E. , Spoto M. H.F. , Vieira T. M.F.S.
Published: March 2017

An oil model system was used to analyze the antioxidant activity of Chilean fruit extracts and to determine their odor sensory effect. Hydroalcoholic extracts from wild and 14-4 genotype murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz.) fruit were assessed by the Response Surface Methodology. The optimal conditions for producing high total phenolic-content extracts were 49.5% (v/v) ethanol at 30 ºC, which yielded 18.39 and 26.14 mg GAE·g-1 dry matter, respectively. The optimized extracts were added to a lipid model system and evaluated via the Schaal Oven Test. After 96 hours, 150 and 200 mg·kg-1 oil of the wild and 14-4 genotype extracts, respectively, showed an antioxidant capacity similar to TBHQ (200 mg·kg-1 oil) in terms of peroxide values and odor. Thus, murtilla fruit extracts are a natural source of antioxidants for protecting lipidic foods, such as soybean oil.
Compatibility of selected plant-based shortening as lard substitute: microstructure, polymorphic forms and textural properties
Authors: Yanty N. A.M. , Marikkar J. M.N. , Miskandar M. S. , Van Bockstaele F. , Dewettinck K. , Nusantoro B. P.
Published: March 2017

A study was carried out to determine the compatibility of three plant-based shortening mixtures to lard shortening (LD) in terms of microstructure, polymorphic forms, and textural properties. The shortenings of binary, ternary, and quaternary fat mixtures were prepared according to a standard procedure by blending mee fat (MF) with palm stearin (PS) in a 99:1 (w/w) ratio; avocado fat (Avo) with PS and cocoa butter (CB) in a 84:7:9 (w/w) ratio; palm oil (PO) with PS, soybean oil (SBO) and CB in a 38:5:52:5 (w/w) ratio, respectively. The triacylglycerol composition, polymorphic forms, crystal morphology, and textural properties of the shortening were evaluated. This study found that all three plant-based shortenings and LD shortening were similar with respect to their consistency, hardness and compression and adhesiveness values. However, all plant-based shortening was found to be dissimilar to LD shortening with respect to microstructure.
Effects of thermal processing on physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of Balanities aegyptiaca kernels and extracted oil
Authors: Elbadawi S. M.A. , Ahmad E. E.M. , Mariod A. A. , Mathäus B.
Published: March 2017

In the present study, the effects of roasting and boiling on the proximate composition of the kernels as well as the physicochemical properties and oxidative stabilities of the extracted oils of Balanites aegyptiaca were investigated. Roasting was performed at 180 ˚C for 15 minutes, whereas boiling of the kernels was carried out in tap water for one hour. The oils from raw and thermally processed samples were extracted using n-hexane in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus and characterized. The roasting significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the peroxide value and the oxidative stability of the extracted oil in a positive way; whereas boiling had the opposite effect. The oils were composed of linoleic, oleic, stearic, and palmitic acids as the major fatty acids (96%) and contained predominantly α- and γ-tocopherols (ca. 400mg/kg). The study suggests that the oil from roasted kernels could be used as a natural antioxidant for enhancing the characteristics of other edible oils via blending.
The Effects of National Culture on Social Commerce and Online Fashion Purchase Intention
Authors: Hepple Sarah Josephine , Dennison Julie A.
Published: March 2017

This chapter investigates the effects of national culture on social commerce and in turn, online fashion purchase intention. Using a deductive approach, hypotheses were developed that sit within the context of shopping for fashion products online. A quantitative research instrument was developed to test for difference between Chinese and British online fashion consumers. Results show that national culture has a significant influence on social commerce engagement, with Chinese participants found to be greatly influenced by their social group when shopping online. The study also found that purchase intention is positively influenced by social commerce engagement across both cultures. As this study argues that global fashion consumers are not homogenous in their shopping habits, fashion brands are advised to acknowledge cultural difference across markets to ensure an optimal shopping experience. Investment in website localisation using local expertise should increase purchase intention in overseas markets.
Role of Infrastructure Development to Empower Women
Authors: Basu Indrani
Published: March 2017

A modern economy is market focused. It is held that when a woman becomes a participant in the market on her own term as a rational economic agent she is empowered in an economic sense. It does not take into account the other spectrums of empowerment viz. gender political, cultural and like. A nation's infrastructure provides the basic scaffolding for development. The differences in how men and women use infrastructure services have important implications for sector policies, investment priorities, and program designs. This chapter will analyse how the infrastructure development programme as an economic process assist women to enhance capability of them within society and how its actual impact is mutually constituted by other non-economic social processes and make it an over determined matter. Our study has shown that adequate access of the social infrastructure services has fetched benefits for women and ensures empowerment of women.
Health Infrastructure and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Adams Samuel , Klobodu Edem Kwame Mensah , Lamptey Richmond Odartey
Published: March 2017

In this study, we examine the effect of health infrastructure on economic growth in 30 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries over the period 1990-2014. Using modern econometric techniques that account for cross-sectional dependence in panel data, we find that health infrastructure (measured by mortality rate) does not have robust impact on economic growth. Gross fixed capital formation, however, is positively associated with economic growth while labor force and polity variables exhibit significant association with economic growth. The results provide sufficient evidence that although capital investment is adequate, the labor force and political environment have not facilitated the health infrastructure in increasing the GDP per capita level in SSA.
Sustainable Infrastructures
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: March 2017

Infrastructure investments can have long term consequences for the economy and environment of a country. Some notable public infrastructure projects include energy, transportation, water, and waste disposal systems. There are strong financial, environmental, and social change drivers that are forcing immediate changes. We need to rethink our infrastructure investments and develop sustainable, resilient, and affordable infrastructure systems for vital services of our society. These systems will be able to support the healthy and prosperous communities in future. The objective of this chapter is to review the current state of sustainable infrastructures and provide suggestions to policy makers responsible for infrastructure development how to develop sustainable infrastructures.
Importance of Sustainable Rural Development through Agrarian Reforms
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Partha , Sinha Madhabendra , Sengupta Partha Pratim
Published: March 2017

The chapter tries to find out the relationship between public expenditures on infrastructure related to agriculture and allied factors and agricultural sustainability in Indian context. India has been suffering from appalling chronic poverty and to reduce the same, we need to focus on rural development, particularly in agriculture as it is unavoidable relation with economic development. Gini index of India is 33.9 (2011) i.e. asymmetrical wealth distribution exists. India is being burdened with a population of 1.2 billion as in 2015. The reciprocal relationship between agrarian reform and democratic development is pronounced. Agrarian reform was one of the focal points around which social mobilization occurred. Sustainable rural development could be achieved by a new balance as we find from some econometric model, which is being sought between agriculture and public expenditure and also export of agricultural produce. Adopting bottom-up agricultural development approaches which emphasize the involvement of the rural people in the implementations of different development programmes may escalate agrarian reforms.
Quality Assessment of Volunteered Geographic Information for Educational Planning
Authors: Muzaffar Hafiz Muhammad , Tahir Ali , Ali Asmat , Ahmad Munir , McArdle Gavin
Published: March 2017

Volunteered Geographic Information is the term used to describe the process of collecting spatial data using a network of volunteers. The approach collects spatial data to build maps which are often freely accessible. The maps and the underlying data can be used by the public, companies and government agencies for a variety of tasks such as route finding. Given that untrained volunteers may collect the spatial data, questions regarding the quality of VGI have been raised. Several studies have emerged to assess the quality (positional, semantic and thematic accuracy) of VGI by comparing the data to ground truth. This approach fails to capture the quality of VGI for domain specific tasks. In this chapter we examine the quality of VGI for an educational planning task in Islamabad, Pakistan, and show that while the data may be suitable for route finding tasks, they are insufficient for educational planning alone.
Geospatial Digital Rights Management
Authors: Ng'ang'a Titus M. , Wachira Peter M. , Wango Tim J. L. , Ndung'u Joseph M. , Ndungo Margaret N.
Published: March 2017

This Chapter introduces the need for general Digital Rights Management (DRM) requirements. Further, it intertwines DRM with its spatial counterpart, Geospatial DRM (GeoDRM). However, unlike DRM, GeoDRM is far much complicated due to issues such as the development of Web Mapping technology among other issues. The Chapter discusses the ability of GeoDRM to mitigate transgression of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Highlighting economical and environmental wellbeing and other benefits of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) geared towards global sustainable developments, the Chapter focuses on challenges of National Spatial Data Infrastructures (NSDIs) and Regional SDIs and the need to harmonize their standards for the upward mobility of global SDI (GSDI). Emphasizing the undisputed need for Local, Regional and Global Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs), in the presence of various Geo-communities and different GeoDRM models, the Chapter concludes that capacity building need to be urgently but carefully harnessed across all levels in order to develop cohesive GeoDRM policies.