bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redescription of Odontostilbe pulchra (Gill, 1858) (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae), and description of two new species from the río Orinoco basin
Authors: Bührnheim Cristina M. , Malabarba Luiz R.
Published: September 2007

Odontostilbe pulchra, previously considered species inquirenda in Cheirodontinae and doubtfully assigned from the río Orinoco basin, is redescribed with the rediscovery of two syntypes. Originally described to the Island of Trinidad, O. pulchra is widespread in Venezuela, the río Orinoco basin, in smaller coastal drainages of northern South America, in the Lake Valencia system, and río Essequibo basin. A punctual occurrence in the upper rio Negro, near southernmost headwaters of the río Orinoco, extends its distribution to the Amazon basin. Additionally, two new species of Odontostilbe from the río Orinoco basin are described.
Sampling effort and fish species richness in small terra firme forest streams of central Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: Anjos Maeda Batista dos , Zuanon Jansen
Published: September 2007

Small streams are important components of the landscape in terra firme forests in central Amazonia and harbor a large number of fish species. Nevertheless, the lack of a common sampling protocol in studies of this ichthyofauna hinders comparisons among available results. This study evaluates how the length of stream reach sampled affects estimates of local fish species density in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order streams, and proposes a mean minimum sampling length that best approximates the absolute number of species in a given stream segment. We sampled three streams in the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project's study sites, between May and August 2004. At each stream, one 1st order, one 2nd order, and one 3rd order segment was sampled. We sampled five 20-m reaches in each stream segment. Three to four people collected along each reach for 45 to 60 minutes. We used Jaccard's coefficient to estimate the similarity of species composition among stream reaches and segments. Estimates of species richness were obtained with Jackknife 1 and Bootstrap algorithms and species accumulation curves. We used simple linear regressions to look for relationships between species density and fish abundance and between species density and the volume of 100-m stream segments. Species density in 1st order stream reaches was slightly higher than in 2nd and 3rd order stream reaches, whereas fish abundance was apparently higher in 3rd order reaches. Similarity in fish species composition between 20-m reaches was low for all studied streams. Species density values in pooled 100-m stream segments represented 71.4% to 94.1% of the estimated values for these streams. Species density showed a direct relationship both with volume of the sampled stream segment and fish abundance. It seems plausible that larger streams contain a higher number of microhabitat types, which allow for the presence of more fish species per stream length. Based on the values of asymptotes and equations for species accumulation curves, the mean minimum sampling length that best estimates the absolute number of species in a stream segment is 180 m ± 20 sd for 1st order segments; 213 m ± 23 sd for 2nd order segments, and 253 m ± 30 sd for 3rd order stream segments.
Environmental factors predicting fish community structure in two neotropical rivers in Brazil
Authors: Súarez Yzel Rondon , Petrere Júnior Miguel
Published: September 2007

In order to assess the organization patterns of the fish communities in the Jogui and Iguatemi rivers, we collected fish with gill nets tri-monthly from November 1999 to August 2000. Hypostomus ancistroides and Parauchenipterus galeatus were the most abundant species in the Jogui and Iguatemi rivers, respectively. Longitudinal variation was more important than seasonal in determining the species composition in both rivers, and the difference between seasons was not statistically significant. Altitude was the most important factor determining species distribution.
Pimelodus microstoma Steindachner, 1877, a valid species of pimelodid catfish (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from the upper rio Paraná drainage
Authors: Ribeiro Frank Raynner V. , Lucena Carlos Alberto S. de
Published: September 2007

Pimelodus microstoma, which has been treated as a junior synonym of P. fur, is resurrected and its type locality restricted to Irisanga (=Orissanga), São Paulo State, in the upper rio Paraná. An identification key is provided for Pimelodus species from the upper portions of the Paraná drainage.
Can north american fish passage tools work for South american migratory fishes?
Authors: Baigún Claudio Rafael Mariano , Nestler John Michael , Oldani Norberto Oscar , Goodwin R. Andrew , Weber Larry J.
Published: September 2007

In North America, the Numerical Fish Surrogate (NFS) is used to design fish bypass systems for emigrating juvenile salmon as they migrate from hatchery outfalls and rearing habitats to adult habitat in the oceans. The NFS is constructed of three linked modules: 1) a computational fluid dynamics model describes the complex flow fields upstream of dams at a scale sufficiently resolved to analyze, understand and forecast fish movement, 2) a particle tracking model interpolates hydraulic information from the fixed nodes of the computational fluid model mesh to multiple locations relevant to migrating fish, and 3) a behavior model simulates the cognition and behavior of individual fish in response to the fluid dynamics predicted by the computational fluid dynamics model. These three modules together create a virtual reality where virtual fish exhibit realistic dam approach behaviors and can be counted at dam exits in ways similar to the real world. Once calibrated and validated with measured fish movement and passage data, the NFS can accurately predict fish passage proportions with sufficient precision to allow engineers to select one optimum alternative from among many competing structural or operational bypass alternatives. Although South American fish species are different from North American species, it is likely that the basic computational architecture and numerical methods of the NFS can be used for fish conservation in South America. Consequently, the extensive investment made in the creation of the NFS need not be duplicated in South America. However, its use in South America will require that the behavioral response of the continent's unique fishes to hydrodynamic cues must be described, codified and tested before the NFS can be used to conserve fishes by helping design efficient South American bypass systems. To this end, we identify studies that could be used to describe the movement behavior of South American fishes of sufficient detail that they could be used to develop, calibrate and validate a South American version of the NFS.
Fish passage ladders from Canoas Complex - Paranapanema River: evaluation of genetic structure maintenance of Salminus brasiliensis (Teleostei: Characiformes)
Authors: Lopes Carla Martins , Almeida Fernanda Simões de , Orsi Mário Luís , Britto Sandro Geraldo de Castro , Sirol Rodolfo Nardez , Sodré Leda Maria Koelblinger
Published: September 2007

The aim of this study, utilizing RAPD techniques, was to determine the genetic variability of Salminus brasiliensis groups collected at passage ladders of the hydroelectric plants (HEP) Canoas I and Canoas II - Paranapanema River (Brazil), as well as to estimate the population structure through different parameters of genetic diversity. The data obtained allowed us to conclude that S. brasiliensis of the Canoas Complex has a moderate index of genetic variability ( > 42.00%) when compared to that of other migratory fish species. All genetic diversity analyses (distance = 0.015 and genetic identity = 0.985, F ST =0.018, AMOVA) were signs of low genetic differentiation, and they led to the clustering of S. brasiliensis from Canoas I and Canoas II. This suggests that the species is genetically structured as a single population. Some findings indicate that this population of S. brasiliensis comes from the Capivara Reservoir (Canoas I downstream), probably fed by the Tibagi and Cinzas Rivers. Literature data denote that after fish transposition by passage ladders of the Canoas Complex, the migratory species are not concluding the reproductive cycle. This mechanism, therefore, could be one more impact factor causing the depletion in downstream recruitment, which could in medium and long term be compromising the natural S. brasiliensis population in the middle Paranapanema River.
Reproductive activity and recruitment of the yellow-mandi Pimelodus maculatus (Teleostei: Pimelodidae) in the Igarapava Reservoir, Grande River, Southeast Brazil
Authors: Maia Bruno Pereira , Ribeiro Sandra Maria Franco , Bizzotto Paula Maciel , Vono Volney , Godinho Hugo Pereira
Published: September 2007

The catfish yellow-mandi, Pimelodus maculatus, is a valuable sporting and commercial fish of inland waters of Southeast Brazil including Igarapava Reservoir. It is a short-distance migrant that needs shorter stretches of free-flowing river to spawn compared to other Neotropical migrants. Igarapava Reservoir is one the 13 hydroelectric reservoirs, arranged in a cascade fashion, impounding the 1,300 km-long Grande River, SE Brazil. In this paper, we examined reproductive features and recruitment of the yellow-mandi in Igarapava Reservoir. We also evaluated the role of the Igarapava Fish Ladder (IFL) built around Igarapava Dam on the sustainability of its fisheries. Female adult yellow-mandis that were gill netted (nets of 8-20 cm stretch-mesh) during the reproductive season of 2002/2003, showed adequate ovarian development, indicated by the gonadosomatic index (12.9 ± 2.1, at mature stage) and absolute fecundity (413,794 ± 206,259; range = 125,601-742,026), which were higher than those found in the literature. Postovulatory follicles present in ovarian tissue of 32% of the females examined showed that they possibly could have spawned in the reservoir area. Gill nets of 3-5 cm stretch-mesh aimed at capturing juvenile yellow-mandi were unproductive. These results indicated that Igarapava Reservoir and its reduced catchment area did not provide adequate conditions for recruitment of the yellow-mandi. This fish, the most abundant in the IFL, and those reaching the reservoir tended to remain there since no upstream passage mechanism is present. Thus, the IFL apparently was responsible for maintaining the Igarapava Reservoir stock of yellow-mandi.
Environmental factors related to entry into and ascent of fish in the experimental ladder located close to Itaipu Dam
Authors: Fernandez Domingo Rodrigues , Agostinho Angelo Antonio , Bini Luis Maurício , Gomes Luiz Carlos
Published: September 2007

We evaluated the seasonality of the ascent of fish in an experimental ladder located close to Itaipu Dam, and its relationships to reproduction, temperature, river level and discharge. Samplings of fish and measurements of abiotic factors were performed from February, 1995 through January, 1997, in two resting pools of the ladder. Pool A was located 10 m above the mean level of the Paraná River; Pool B was located at the upper end of the ladder, at a height of 27 m. Autoregressive models were used to remove the temporal dependence between observations. Residuals of the models were used to relate, using Pearson's correlation coefficient, the densities of fish to the environmental variables. Clear patterns of seasonality were observed for temperature. River level, turbine discharge and spillway discharge, although they showed no clear seasonal dynamics, were time-dependent, because the autocorrelation coefficients for different k values were significant. In the samples of larger-sized fish, 23 species were recorded during the two years of study. Most of the individuals were in a non reproductive state, and about 90% of the individuals belonged to only six species. The temporal variability in total abundance, considering all species, indicated a pattern of seasonal variation; high abundances occurred from October through February (75%) and in Pool A (61% of the 1343 individuals sampled). Low abundances were recorded during winter, with the correlogram of total density confirming this tendency. In the samples of smaller-sized species, six species were recorded, with all six present in both pools, but more frequent in the first pool (64%). Bryconamericus stramineus comprised 99% of the total numbers of smaller fish in the samples. The total abundance of small species showed different temporal patterns of seasonal variation in the two years of study.
Movements through a fish ladder: temporal patterns and motivations to move upstream
Authors: Agostinho Carlos Sérgio , Pereira Celiana Ribeiro , Oliveira Rafael José de , Freitas Iriene Siqueira , Marques Elineide Eugênio
Published: September 2007

Fish passages are constructed with the aim of reestablishing connectivity between critical habitats, in order to sustain those species that move over a large area during their lives. The upstream movements of most of the known migratory species are made for purposes of reproduction (adults) or dispersal (juveniles). The present study was conducted at the ladder constructed at Lajeado Dam (Luis Eduardo Magalhães Hydroelectric Power), on the Tocantins River. The objective was to assess whether there is a temporal pattern in the abundance of fish below the dam and in the ladder, that correlates with their breeding seasons. Additionally, it was examined whether reproduction is the predominant motivation of the shoals of fish that ascend the ladder. Samples were taken monthly from November, 2002 through October, 2003, downriver from the dam with gillnets, and in the resting pools of the fish ladder with cast nets. The analysis of seasonality in the aggregation of the shoals was based on the temporal variations in abundance and species richness. The possibility of a reproductive motivation for ascending the ladder was inferred from the frequency of the stages of gonadal development. However, during the entire study period we observed a high frequency of individuals with gonads in the pre-vitellogenic stage for all analyzed species, both downriver from the dam (97%) and in the fish ladder (98%). These findings suggest that there was no reproductive motivation for the aggregation of the fish downstream and for their entry into the ladder. On the other hand, the dominance of these stages downriver suggests that the spawning habitats are distant, and that the upstream movements occur for other reasons such as dispersal and search for more appropriate habitats for feeding and growth. The entrance into the ladder resulted more from rheophilic behavior, which is more pronounced in migratory species, than from an endogenous motivation linked to reproductive migration.
Efficiency and selectivity of a trap and truck fish passage system in Brazil
Authors: Pompeu Paulo dos Santos , Martinez Carlos Barreira
Published: September 2007

The construction of fish passages has been one of the strategies adopted by the Brazilian energy sector in order to diminish the effects of barriers on fish communities. However, studies of the efficiency of these mechanisms are scarce. The present study evaluated the efficiency and selectivity of the first trap and truck fish passage system in Brazil, installed in Santa Clara Dam, Mucuri River. The species composition in the Santa Clara Dam fish lift was compared to the original composition of Mucuri River fish fauna and with the populations that gather downstream of the dam during the reproductive season. The proportion of previously tagged individuals translocated by the lift was used to estimate its efficiency. During the 2003/2004 reproductive period, 67,841 individuals of 32 species passed through the lift, which corresponds to 66% of the lower Mucuri river fish richness. Less than 0.5% died or were injured during the passage. When compared to the river's population, less representative captures of smaller individuals and marine species were observed. However, the composition and structure of the community in the fish lift was quite similar to those downstream of the dam during the reproductive season. The estimated efficiency of the fish lift ranged from 0.2% for Pogonopoma wertheimeri to 16.1% for Leporinus conirostris reaching an average of 7% for all migratory species.
Blockage of migration routes by dam construction: can migratory fish find alternative routes?
Authors: Antonio Rosimeire Ribeiro , Agostinho Angelo Antonio , Pelicice Fernando Mayer , Bailly Dayani , Okada Edson Kioshi , Dias João Henrique Pinheiro
Published: September 2007

The present study explored the interaction between the upriver migration of fish and the blockage of their migration routes by dam construction. Specifically, we studied (i) the capacity of migratory fish to locate alternative routes in the presence of an obstacle, and (ii) the behavior of the fish after they were artificially transferred to the reservoir. With the use of the mark-recapture technique (tagging), the study was carried out near Porto Primavera Dam (UHE Engenheiro Sérgio Motta) between 1994 and 1999, a period prior to the closure of the floodgates and the installation and operation of the fish pass facilities. The fish were caught in the dam forebay downstream, marked with LEA type tags, and released upstream (5113 individuals; 14 species) and downstream (1491; 12) from the dam. The recaptures were carried out by local professional and amateur fishermen. A total of 188 individuals (2.8%) were recaptured, mostly the curimba Prochilodus lineatus. Nearly half of the recaptures downstream occurred in tributaries, especially in the Paranapanema River, indicating that in the presence of an obstacle the fish are able to locate alternative migration routes. The remainder stayed in the main channel of the Paraná River, at a mean distance of less than 50 km from the release point. Of the fish released upriver from the dam, approximately half were recaptured downriver. Although the river was only partly dammed, the movement of the fish downriver suggests that they became disoriented after being transferred. Those that remained upriver avoided the reservoir and moved, rather rapidly, toward the lotic stretches farther upstream. From these results it is clear that, in the course of the decision process in installing fish passes, it is necessary to take into account the existence of spawning and nursery areas downriver and upriver from the reservoir.
The Canal da Piracema at Itaipu Dam as a fish pass system
Authors: Makrakis Sérgio , Gomes Luiz Carlos , Makrakis Maristela Cavicchioli , Fernandez Domingo Rodriguez , Pavanelli Carla Simone
Published: September 2007

The Canal da Piracema is the longest (nearly 10 km) fish pass system in the world. The construction of this fish pass was somehow controversial, because it connected two distinct ichthyofaunistic provinces. This study evaluated the ichthyofauna present in the Canal da Piracema and the abundance and distribution of long-distance migratory fish species along this fish pass system (evaluated possible selectivity). The Canal da Piracema was shown to be difficult to sample because of its environmental heterogeneity: artificial ponds, ladders and nature-like fish pass. To solve this problem, we used several fishing gears, adequate for the several biotopes present (unstructured and structured littoral were sampled with seining nets and electrofishing; lentic were sampled with gillnets and longlines (deeper areas); and rapid water areas were sampled with cast nets). The ichthyofauna of the Canal da Piracema followed the pattern for South America and the Paraná River, with a predominance of Characiformes and Siluriformes. The most representative families were Characidae, Anostomidae, Pimelodidae and Loricariidae. We captured 116 species (17 were long-distance migratory) during the period studied. Small-sized species were predominant in unstructured and structured littoral areas, especially Bryconamericus exodon and Apareiodon affinis.The most abundant species was Hypostomus spp. in lentic areas, followed by Iheringichthys labrosus. Hoplias aff. malabaricus predominated in deeper lentic areas. Long-distance migratory species were abundant in rapid waters; they were Prochilodus lineatus and Leporinus elongatus. The sharp reduction in the number of species, including migratory ones, is an indication that the Canal da Piracema is selecting the species that ascend it. Therefore, the search for information on the efficiency of the various fish passes present in the Canal da Piracema is fundamental, to facilitate upward movements of fish. If this is reached, this polemic fish pass has the potential to contribute to the conservation of fish stocks in Itaipu Reservoir and upstream stretches, because of the presence of spawning and development (nurseries) areas for migratory species.
Utilization of the fish ladder at the Engenheiro Sergio Motta Dam, Brazil, by long distance migrating potamodromous species
Authors: Makrakis Sérgio , Makrakis Maristela Cavicchioli , Wagner Ricardo Luiz , Dias João Henrique Pinheiro , Gomes Luiz Carlos
Published: September 2007

Utilization of the fish ladder installed at the Engenheiro Sergio Motta Dam (also known as Porto Primavera) on the Paraná River, Southern Brazil, by long-distance migrating potamodromous species (sampling Protocol I), and ascending and descending movements (Protocol II) were evaluated. Three pools along the fish ladder (designated as lower, middle, and upper) were sampled monthly between December, 2004 and March, 2005 to determine the abundance of species in the ladder. The ascending and descending movements of the species in the ladder were also analyzed in the same period. In the samples for both protocols, 37 species representing 17 families and 5 orders (Characiformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes, Gymnotiformes, and Myliobatiformes) were recorded. Characiformes were represented by 21 species. Long- distance migratory species (11 species) predominated in the ladder (60% of the total number of individuals), with high abundance of Rhinelepis aspera (5645 individuals). For protocol I, mean abundance varied greatly among the months and pools, with lowest values in December and March for all pools, and highest in January for the lower pool due to high capture of R. aspera. Fish abundance declined from the lower to the upper pool, especially for R. aspera and Rhaphiodon vulpinus. For Protocol II, 17 species were recorded ascending the ladder, where Astyanax altiparanae and Leporinus friderici were the most abundant species (684 and 111 individuals, respectively). However, 18 species showed descending movements, with high captures of Metynnis maculatus and A. altiparanae (339 and 319 individuals, respectively). Twelve species (52%) moved in both directions, and among the seven migratory species sampled, four were recorded ascending and descending, and three species only ascending the ladder. The fish ladder appears to selectively favor species with high swimming capabilities. A discussion is presented on the requirements for future research on attraction to the fish ladder entrance, downstream movements, fish utilization of the ladder, and impacts on spawning and rearing habitat both upstream and downstream of the dam.
Diel variation in the ascent of fishes up an experimental fish ladder at Itaipu Reservoir: fish size, reproductive stage and taxonomic group influences
Authors: Fernandez Domingo Rodriguez , Agostinho Angelo Antonio , Bini Luis Mauricio , Pelicice Fernando Mayer
Published: September 2007

In this study, we evaluated the fish ascent in the experimental ladder at Itaipu Reservoir (Paraná State, Brazil), in relation to diel variation, fish size, reproductive stages and species composition. The study was carried out from October, 1995 to February, 1996 and from November, 1996 to January, 1997 at two points on the ladder (boxes at heights of 10 and 27 m). Twenty-two species were recorded, and Prochilodus lineatus, Pimelodus maculatus, Leporinus obtusidens, Schizodon borellii and Leporinus friderici accounted for 86.6 % of the total catch. Fish length did not differ between diel periods and boxes. On the other hand, fish abundance of the main species was significantly influenced by box position, reproductive stage and diel period. The higher box showed lower abundance, suggesting some selectivity in ascension. The ability to ascend the ladder did not show any relationship with reproductive migration, since non-reproductive adults comprised most of the catch. An interesting finding is that the major taxonomic groups showed specific diel preferences in ascending the ladder: Characiformes ascended the ladder predominantly during daylight, whereas Siluriformes migrated at night. These results emphasize how complex ladders are as management tools, and stress the need to acquire information on several aspects as a condition to achieve conservation goals.
Radiotelemetry of a female jaú, Zungaro jahu (Ihering, 1898) (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), passed upstream of Funil Dam, rio Grande, Brazil
Authors: Alves Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas , Silva Luiz Gustavo Martins da , Godinho Alexandre Lima
Published: September 2007

Jaú, Zungaro jahu (Ihering, 1898), a large migratory catfish endemic to the rio da Prata basin, has a fragile conservation status and its ecology is poorly known. We radio-tracked a female jaú with a total length of 1.5 m that was passed upstream of Funil Dam, rio Grande, to describe its migratory movements, habitat use, linear home range, and diel activity. To track the fish, we made five tracking trips in the period from April, 2003 to January, 2004. In addition to the main body of Funil Reservoir, the fish also used a reservoir-river transition zone located in a branch of Funil Reservoir that flooded part of rio das Mortes. Most of the times, we found the fish in the former beds of streams flooded by the reservoir, at depths that ranged from 8-9 m in the reservoir-river transition zone to 18-21 m in Funil Reservoir. Linear home range of the fish was 31.4 km. The onset of activity occurred early in the evening, but we also detected daytime activity. The conclusion from our study was that the passed adult female jaú used reservoir habitats, migrated between the main body and the reservoir-river transition zone, preferred deep habitats, showed a relatively short home range, and had diurnal and nocturnal activities.
Evaluation of fish passage through the Igarapé Dam fish ladder (rio Paraopeba, Brazil), using marking and recapture
Authors: Alves Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas
Published: September 2007

Rio Paraopeba, a tributary of rio São Francisco, has a six-meter high dam, built in 1978 to divert water to the Igarapé Thermal Power Plant. In 1994, a fish ladder was built at this dam. The results of a marking and recapture program carried out along rio Paraopeba between 1997 and 2001 are described, using information from fish community studies conducted at ten sampling stations between 1994 and 1997. These investigations showed the presence of at least 91 species in the river. During four rainy seasons between 1997 and 2000, fish were caught downstream of the dam, marked with external plastic tags, and immediately released at the same site. The objective was to evaluate fish passage through the ladder, based on recapture information from artisanal and sport fishermen. A total of 3,642 specimens were marked, adding up to a biomass of approximately 1.33 tons. Twenty-six species were used, representing 28.5% of the total recorded richness (91 species). Maximum recorded tag retention time was 10 months. Total recapture rate was 4.37% in four years, reaching 5.75% in the last period (2000-2001). Of all recaptured specimens, 14.0% were caught upstream of the dam, evidencing passage through the ladder. The specimens recaptured upstream of the dam belonged to three species: piau-verdadeiro (Leporinus obtusidens), mandi-amarelo (Pimelodus maculatus) and curimatá-pioa (Prochilodus costatus). These species showed linear home ranges of 15.4, 81.5 and 232.0 km, respectively. Most recaptures occurred immediately downstream of the dam, one of the most intensely fished stretches of rio Paraopeba.
Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft for Root Coverage: A Case Report of an Unusual Late Complication of Epithelial Origin
Authors: Parashis Andreas O. , Tatakis Dimitris N.
Published: October 2007

Background: The subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) is one of the most used and predictable periodontal plastic surgery procedures; reports of late complications are very rare. This article presents an SCTG case with a previously unreported late complication of epithelial origin, and we suggest a potential link between the patient's dermatologic condition and this complication. Late SCTG complications also are reviewed.

Methods: A 19‐year‐old female presented with a 3‐mm deep Miller Class I recession defect on the mandibular right central incisor. An SCTG procedure was performed for root coverage, with uneventful initial postoperative healing that resulted in complete root coverage. At 4 months, an asymptomatic solid white discharge was observed at sites along the original graft margin without evidence of inflammation. A month later, the somewhat reduced but still evident discharge was collected and submitted for microscopic examination.

Results: Cytologic examination revealed the discharge to be normal epithelial cells, suggesting a proliferative epithelial response. Follow‐up indicated that the discharge was self‐limiting and was no longer present at 9 months after surgery. This unusual late SCTG complication is consistent with reported epithelial invaginations and projections between graft and overlying flap. The patient had acne, a disease whose pathogenesis includes host predisposition to epithelial hyperproliferation; therefore, a possible association of this SCTG complication with the patient's systemic health is proposed.

Conclusion: Epithelial cell discharge is a hitherto unreported, self‐limiting, late complication of the SCTG procedure, and a potential association between this complication and the patient's dermatologic condition is suggested.
Effect of Two Different Bioabsorbable Collagen Membranes on Guided Bone Regeneration: A Comparative Histomorphometric Study in the Dog Mandible
Authors: Bornstein Michael M. , Bosshardt Dieter , Buser Daniel
Published: October 2007

Background: This study compared bone regeneration following guided bone regeneration with two bioabsorbable collagen membranes in saddle‐type bone defects in dog mandibles.

Methods: Three standardized defects were created, filled with bone chips and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), and covered by three different methods: control = no membrane; test 1 = collagen membrane; and test 2 = cross‐linked collagen membrane (CCM). Each side of the mandible was allocated to one of two healing periods (8 or 16 weeks). The histomorphometric analysis assessed the percentage of bone, soft tissue, and DBBM in the regenerate; the absolute area in square millimeters of the bone regenerate; and the distance in millimeters from the bottom of the defect to the highest point of the regenerate.

Results: In the 8‐week healing group, two dehiscences occurred with CCM. After 8 weeks, all treatment modalities showed no significant differences in the percentage of bone regenerate. After 16 weeks, the percentage of bone had increased for all treatment modalities without significant differences. For all groups, the defect fill height increased between weeks 8 and 16. The CCM group showed a statistically significant (P = 0.0202) increase over time and the highest value of all treatment modalities after 16 weeks of healing.

Conclusions: The CCM showed a limited beneficial effect on bone regeneration in membrane‐protected defects in dog mandibles when healing was uneventful. The observed premature membrane exposures resulted in severely compromised amounts of bone regenerate. This increased complication rate with CCM requires a more detailed preclinical and clinical examination before any clinical recommendations can be made.
Minimally Invasive Antral Membrane Balloon Elevation: Report of 36 Procedures
Authors: Kfir Efraim , Kfir Vered , Eliav Eli , Kaluski Edo
Published: October 2007

Background: The posterior maxillary segment frequently has insufficient bone mass to support dental implants. This registry evaluated the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive antral membrane balloon elevation (MIAMBE), followed by bone augmentation and implant fixation.

Methods: Thirty‐six consecutive patients referred for posterior maxillary bone augmentation underwent alveolar crest exposure and implant osteotomy followed by MIAMBE (>10 mm). Fibrin and bone particles were injected beneath the antral membrane, implants were placed into the osteotomies, and primary closure was executed at the same sitting.

Results: All 36 patients successfully concluded the procedure with no significant procedural complications or discomfort. Procedure time was 48 ± 15 minutes. Incremental bone height consistently exceeded 8 mm, and implant survival of 97% was observed at 6 to 8 months.

Conclusions: MIAMBE resulted in high procedural success and satisfactory bone augmentation implant survival and complication rates. Because it is minimally invasive, this procedure may be an alternative to the currently used surgical methods.
Spatial Variability of Aggregate‐Associated Carbon and Nitrogen Contents in the Reclaimed Minesoils of Eastern Ohio
Authors: Shukla Manoj K. , Lal Rattan , VanLeeuwen Dawn
Published: October 2007

Associations of organic C and N with primary (sand, silt, and clay) and secondary (aggregates) particles result in their storage and retention in the soil. The objectives of this study were to assess (i) the CV of C and N contents in the primary and secondary particles and (ii) the spatial variability of water‐stability of aggregates (WSA), geometric mean diameter (GMD) and mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates, and C and N contents in macro‐ (>2 mm), meso‐ (2–0.25 mm), and microaggregate (0.25–0.05 mm) fractions. Forty‐five soil samples were collected at the 0‐ to 15‐cm depth of a 20‐ by 20‐m grid at an unmined (UMG) reference site and sites reclaimed in 1978 (R78G), 1982 (R82GT), and 1987 (R87G). The R82GT was seeded to grass in 1982 and planted with trees in 1987. Other sites were under continuous grass cover since reclamation. Soil samples (<2 mm, four samples per site) were fractionated into primary particles (sand, silt, and clay), and aggregate samples (8–5 mm, 45 samples per site) into macro‐, meso‐, and microaggregate fractions; C and N contents were determined for each fraction. The CV for C and N contents was low in all three primary particles. Carbon contents increased with decreasing size of primary particles and clay‐associated C contents also increased with amount of time since reclamation. Geostatistical analysis showed that dispersion variance for WSA, GMD and MWD, and C and N contents (45 samples per site) was higher in R78G than other reclaimed sites. Interpolation using kriging displayed heterogeneity of properties across experimental sites. The relative nugget for most aggregate‐associated properties was lowest for R78G and became stronger with the amount of time since reclamation. The range for aggregate‐fraction‐associated C contents was similar across reclaimed sites and spatial dependence became stronger with increasing amount of time since reclamation. The unmined site displayed large variability; however, low variability for the relatively newly reclaimed site (R87G) indicated that reclamation initially reduced the variability but as time increased, variability also increased, with simultaneous improvement in soil quality.
Assessing the Size Dependency of Measured Hydraulic Conductivity Using Double‐Ring Infiltrometers and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Lai Jianbin , Ren Li
Published: October 2007

Saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements are important for understanding and modeling hydrologic processes at the field scale. Few systematic studies have been conducted on how the size of double‐ring infiltrometers affects the measured hydraulic conductivity. To determine this size effect, we measured saturated hydraulic conductivity at seven sites using four different sizes of double‐ring infiltrometers. Inner‐ring diameters, di, were 20, 40, 80, and 120 cm. Detailed numerical investigations were also conducted to explain how the inner‐ring size of a double‐ring infiltrometer influences the measured hydraulic conductivity in a heterogeneous soil. Field and simulation results both demonstrated that the variability in measured hydraulic conductivity was greater for smaller inner rings (e.g., di <40 cm), and gradually decreased as the ring size increased. Our study indicates that where soil spatial variability is high, infiltrometers having a large inner ring (in general, di >80 cm) are essential for reliable measurement.
Middle Meatal Antrostomy Stenting following Pediatric Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Shikani Alan H.
Published: October 2007

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the pediatric population is similar to surgery in adults, yet different in many ways. The smaller size of the surgical field, the lesser extent of pneumatization of the sinuses, and the rapidity of the healing process in children result in a higher occurrence of synechiae and of closure of the middle meatal antrostomy. In addition, a second general anesthesia is often necessary, as children do not tolerate the pain of suctioning in the office. An ostiomeatal stent that has previously proved effective in adults is evaluated in 40 children who underwent bilateral ethmoidectomy and maxillary antrostomy. The stent appears to be effective in preventing synechiae and maintaining patency of the middle meatal antrostomy and ventilation of the maxillary sinuses. In addition, once it is removed, the maxillary and ethmoid cavities are relatively cleaner than control, and require minimal postoperative debridement. In the group of children where the stent was placed bilaterally, there was no need for a second general anesthesia for the purpose of suctioning.
Analysis for Olfactory Epithelium using Olfactory Marker Protein on Endoscopically Harvested Middle Turbinates
Authors: Biedlingmaier John F. , Whelan Philip J.
Published: October 2007

The middle turbinate is thought to play a key role in olfaction, and many surgeons have cautioned against removal of the middle turbinate during endoscopic sinus surgery. We reviewed 110 patients having 198 partial middle turbinate resections and found that only one patient complained of postoperative anosmia (0.9%). To further investigate the presence of olfactory tissue on the middle turbinate, 36 sections from 12 endoscopically resected turbinate specimens were stained for olfactory tissue, using olfactory marker protein (OMP). Cadaveric olfactory cleft specimens served as positive controls. Neither olfactory epithelium nor olfactory receptor cells were identified in the surgical specimens. The clinical rarity of anosmia suggests that partial resections must not adversely affect airflow to the olfactory cleft. The histologic data suggest that conservative partial turbinate resections should not affect olfaction directly, either because olfactory tissue is not removed by this maneuver, or because the amount of olfactory tissue in this segment is minimal.
Falls Prevention for Older Adults
Authors: Leung Peggy B. , Alexander Jason T. , Ouchida Karin E.
Published: March 2024

This article summarizes a 2022 clinical practice guideline on falls prevention and management in older adults from the World Falls Guidelines Initiative.
Embroidered Property Materials: A Novel Strategy for Developing Patterned Materials
Authors: Gruttadauria Andrea , Borzoni Giulio , Barella Silvia , Demir Ali Gökhan
Published: March 2024

Embroidered property materials (EPMs) represent a paradigm shift in materials engineering, offering a novel approach to conventional material modifications. Through a precise “embroidering” of properties in precise locations, EPMs optimize existing substrates without the need for additional or removal layers. This technique, realized through the activation of targeted chemical and physical phenomena, enables the local alteration of the microstructure in response to controlled external stimuli, exemplifying the deliberate design of material zones with predefined properties. Demonstrating this concept, bulk and confined laser treatment is precisely applied to standard carbon steel (C45), resulting in localized martensitic transformation. This localized microstructural change manifests in a significantly altered deformation behavior when contrasted with untreated areas, emphasizing the potent capabilities of EPMs. The potential unleashed by EPMs extends to the creation of innovative functional materials, enabling the bespoke manipulation of material properties with precision reminiscent of the art of embroidery. This approach not only expands the horizons of component design but also introduces a sustainable methodology for achieving novel material performance, thereby serving as a cornerstone for future advancements in the field. EPMs provide a versatile and powerful tool for the engineering of high‐performance materials that meet specific design and functional criteria.
Effect of Calcium Addition on the Aluminum Alloy A201 Foam
Authors: Wei Xingwen , Zhao Wei , Ilatovskaia Mariia , Perminov Anton , Liu Mengke , He Siyuan , Ma Guojun , Volkova Olena
Published: March 2024

To study the effect of calcium on the porosity, sphericity, and microstructure of Al–Cu foams, a gradient calcium content (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt%) is added into aluminum A201 alloy (Al–Cu alloy) for the cellular aluminum foam preparation via the melt foaming method (TiH2 is used as a bubbling agent). Thereafter, the porosity of the prepared Al foams and their pore size are found to increase, and the sphericity of pores tends to approach to unit with calcium addition. This phenomenon is then explained through the modified thermophysical properties (i.e., surface tension and viscosity) of A201 alloy melts caused by the calcium addition. After the microstructure analysis, a bunch of secondary phases in the A201 + Ca alloy foams, e.g., CalAl2Si2, Al2Cu, and Al20CaTi2 as well as an eutectic phase with a great copper content Al8CaCu4 are detected by means of scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐Ray spectroscopy and X‐Ray diffraction analysis.
Controllable Fabrication of Polypyrrole Nanopillar/Hair Arrays by Oxygen Plasma Treatment and Their Applications as Antibacterial Flexible pH Sensors
Authors: Shang Xue , Chen Panpan , Ling Wei , Hang Tian
Published: March 2024

Flexible pH sensors have attracted a great deal of attention in numerous applications, such as wearable healthcare devices, smart wound bandages, and other pH monitor sensors for chemical and bioprocess control. Herein, a facile approach to fabricate conducting polymer polypyrrole nanopillar arrays is proposed, and its potential as an advanced pH sensing interface is shown. Using oxygen plasma treatment as the etching tool, polypyrrole nanopillar/hair arrays can be prepared after etching 3D polypyrrole network structures. Conductive polypyrrole nanopillar arrays possessed unique advantages in sensing: their featured nanopillars has enhanced antibacterial properties; their structures showed excellent hydrophilicity and are favorable for interaction with analytes in small‐volume liquids. A flexible polypyrrole nanopillar array‐based potentiometric pH sensor integrated with a solid‐state reference electrode is further designed and fabricated. Superior performance with a near‐Nernstian response of 60.1±1.0 mV pH−1, excellent repeatability, high stability, and reproducibility is verified in the physiological pH range. The reliabilities of flexible and small‐volume sample testing, as well as the applicability for artificial sweat sample pH sensing, are examined. Provided with the advantages of antibacterial properties and hydrophilicity, the proposed flexible pH sensor is promising for trace analysis in biological, medical, and healthcare applications.
Revolutionizing Monolithic Catalysts: The Breakthroughs of Design Control through Computer‐Aided‐Manufacturing
Authors: Parra‐Marfil Adriana , Pérez‐Cadenas Agustín Francisco , Carrasco‐Marín Francisco , Ocampo‐Pérez Raúl , Bailón‐García Esther
Published: March 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) presents a promising opportunity for the innovative design and production of structured catalytic materials. Given the critical role of catalysts in industrial catalytic processes, AM has the potential to contribute to the development of improved catalysts by reducing activation energy and enhancing selectivity. Conventional synthesis methods limit the choice of structural materials and composition for producing monoliths. Additionally, the deposition of catalytic compounds is also restricted by commonly applied techniques that may require prior coverage or treatments to improve adherence or do not achieve a homogenous coat. Moreover, production is limited to monoliths with straight and parallel channels. However, this format drives to laminar regime flow thus restricting the radial mass and heat transfer. Conversely, AM allows the production of a wider variety of compositions and more complex structures that have proven to rise their effectiveness by increasing reagents‐catalyst interaction, making catalytic processes more cost‐effective. Therefore, in this review an outline of the recent progress of AM methods in the development of monolithic catalysts is presented focusing on the requirements, advantages, and disadvantages of each technique, hence providing a practical overview of their novel opportunities to overcome current limitations in catalyst synthesis.
Optically Tunable Multistable Liquid Crystal Grating for Anti‐Counterfeiting through Multilayer Continuous Phase Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jingxing , Wu Rundong , Feng Yancong , Lai Rongzeng , Liao Jinglun , Mai Zhijian , Wang Yao , Xiang Ying , Li Hao , Zhou Guofu
Published: March 2024

Optically tunable liquid‐crystal (LC) gratings have remarkable applications in the field of image analysis for anti‐counterfeiting. However, existing tunable LC gratings suffer from limited adjustable ranges and weak stability. The spacing variability and accuracy of the grating cannot satisfy the demands of continuous analysis. This study presents a novel approach to anti‐counterfeiting through multilayer continuous phase analysis (MCPA) based on the continuous multistable states of the LC grating. This optically tunable LC grating featuring continuous multistable states is successfully prepared using a novel optically tunable chiral dopant, tetra(n‐hex‐azo), which exhibits an exceptionally slow conformational relaxation rate (half‐life: 78.02 h). By exposing the LC grating to ultraviolet irradiation with an intensity of 0.1054 mW cm−2, the fringe spacing can be continuously and widely tuned between 0 and 250 µm, which enhances the ultraslow conformational relaxation of tetra(n‐hex‐azo). Four representative spacings (50, 55, 60, and 65 µm) are selected to construct four‐layer MCPA gratings, enabling simultaneous decoding of a four‐layer latent image for the first time. The mechanism of the MCPA grating is investigated through control experiments and theoretical simulations. This study demonstrates a facile, precise, and efficient approach for complex information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting.