bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WORKING LOAD SIMULATION ON THE CNC MACHINE
Authors: Korotkov V.
Published: April 2021

The CNC machining is performed according to a pre-prepared control program (CP). The CP records all the necessary actions of the machine to obtain the part by metalworking in accordance with the requirements of the drawing according to the developed technology. Precise formation of surface dimensions during machining is performed by a cutting tool, the trajectory of which is recorded in the CP.

In real conditions, during CNC machining, errors may occur, the size and direction of which depend on many factors, which are difficult to anticipate. For example, the occurrence of dimensional variations is affected by the real technical condition and setting of the technological system of the CNC machine, elastic deformations of system elements from cutting forces, thermal deformations, etc. The value and direction of elastic deformations of the machine are influenced by the cutting forces, size and direction of which depend on the processing modes, the shape and size of the workpiece, the material of the tool cutting part and the material of detail.

There are known methods of accounting for the expected processing errors in the calculation of trajectories of tools in the presence of data on the flexibility of the technological system of CNC machine. Such data can be obtained as a result of studies of the flexibility of machine tool elements when simulating workloads.

To perform tests to determine the elastic deformations of a technological system in production conditions, a device has been developed to simulate working loads in a wide range and various places in the working area of ​​CNC machine. The device contains a loaded shaft with replaceable bushings on which annular contact grooves are made. The configuration of the device is assembled taking into account the design features of the CNC machine and the assigned research tasks.

According to the control program or manual control, simulation forces are created by a load device with poppet springs installed in the cutter holder of the machine. Strain value is measured by linear displacement meter. The obtained data allow you to determine the stiffness of the machine elements and give a forecast for the amount of expected dimensional errors during processing.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE IN THE MODE OF DYNAMIC BRAKING WITH INDUCTION RESISTANCE IN THE WINDING OF THE STATOR
Authors: Kolychev S. , Sianov A.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the results of a study of the static electromechanical characteristics of a synchronous machine (SM) when prototypes of induction resistances (IR) with improved parameters are included in its stator circuits.

Widespread in practice, dynamic braking (DB) of synchronous machines provides for the dissipation of the kinetic energy of the rotor in the resistance boxes included in the stator winding. In the process of stopping, to maintain the constancy of the average braking torque of the SM, a bulky relay-contactor shunt circuit for stator resistances is used. At low speeds, regulation of the excitation current of the SM or its forcing can also be applied. However, it is not possible to eliminate significant fluctuations in the electromagnetic moment in this way.

To optimize the SM DB process, instead of resistance boxes, it was proposed to include a three-phase induction resistance in the stator winding, the value of which automatically decreases along with the stator current frequency. This approach allows you to drastically reduce the number of contact equipment and ensure smooth braking of the machine with electromagnetic moment fluctuations within narrow limits. Known IR designs are designed for asynchronous motors with a phase rotor and satisfy the requirements of the given quality factor of their starting characteristics, but cannot ensure the constancy of the torque on the SM shaft in the DB mode.

Therefore, the objective of the work is to improve the design of the IR and obtain the necessary inhibitory mechanical characteristics of the SM using experimental studies.

The work provides a pilot plant diagram and a drawing explaining the design features of the IR.

The studies were performed for a synchronous machine, type МСА-72 / 4А, equipped with a thyristor exciter and a speed sensor. In three phases of the SM stator, IRs connected by a "star" were turned on. The experiments were carried out in the direction of obtaining the necessary braking characteristics of the SM by varying the design of the internal elements of the IR.

The figures show the mechanical characteristics of the SM obtained in the process of studying the effect on them of the thickness of the inner steel rings and massive ferromagnetic disks at three values of the fixed excitation current.

The research results show that the desired form of the mentioned characteristics of the SM is achieved only when using massive internal elements in the design of the IR. A separate figure shows the curves of changes in some values of the SM load, which will facilitate the development of methods for calculating the DB mode of the machine for the optimal design of the IR.
Reflective Practice: Moving Intention into Action
Authors: Miciak Maxi , Lavoie Michelle M. , Barrington Gail V.
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Reflection is a pillar of professional practice and can enable evaluators to expand their assumptions, change behaviour, and align practice with their values and beliefs. Reflective Practice is the first domain in the Canadian Evaluation Society’s Competencies for Evaluation Practice, highlighting the importance of professional awareness and growth. However, the literature offers few tools to move reflective thought into action. The authors developed a personalized reflective approach through a mentoring relationship and the innovative use of a smartphone. Meaningful reflective practice can leverage personal experience, practical tools, and regular dialogue with a significant other to expand assumptions and change behaviour.
L’apport du journal de bord en évaluation de programmes dans une perspective de pérennisation : le cas du programme HORS-PISTE
Authors: Houle Andrée-Anne , Dupuis Audrey , Dionne Patricia , Lane Julie , Therriault Danyka
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Over the past few years, multiple anxiety prevention programs for teenagers have been developed and implemented in schools. However, these programs are seldom systematically evaluated and scaled up for use in all schools. When the programs are evaluated, data collection often involves the use of a logbook completed by facilitators. This method’s specific methodological function in a program evaluation involving multiple data sources has not been systematically analyzed to date. This article uses the example of the HORS-PISTE program to show the logbook’s advantages, limitations, and challenges as a data collection method.
“Fraternally Yours”: The Role of Women in Montreal’s Prominent Scottish Fraternities, 1870s–2000s
Authors: Kurajian Olivia A.
Published: April 2021

Fraternal societies were integral to both the social and fiscal security of newcomers and to established generations of Scottish-Canadians in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In Montreal, scholars have identified the pan-Canadian Sons of Scotland Benevolent Association and St. Andrew’s Society of Montreal as having been particularly active fraternal organizations. Much of the existing literature on Scottish associational culture in Canada understands it in terms of ethnicity. However, the underexplored concept of gender in associational culture can provide an equally valuable framework. Despite a seemingly shared ethnic identity, the lived experiences, beliefs, identities, socio-economic realities, religions, genders and approaches to inclusion were markedly different among Scottish-Canadian Montrealers. Through the use of an oral history project, the Sons of Scotland Benevolent Association and St. Andrew’s Society archives, and peer-reviewed literature, this article illuminates gender issues in androcentric Scottish-Canadian fraternal societies through careful examination of women’s lives within and on the periphery of Montreal’s fraternal orders.
Oral Dysbiosis Exacerbates Candida parapsilosis Sensu Stricto Biofilm Production via Up-Regulation of the CPH2 Biofilm Master Gene
Authors: ML Rodríguez , ML Rodríguez , AC Rosa , ML Nastri , VM Jewtuchowicz
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto is the second to third most frequent cause of candidemia. Studies place this yeast as a frequent colonizer of niches of the oral cavity, predominantly in pathological conditions. We hypothesize that a buccal environment in dysbiosis enhances the virulence of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto.
Objective: To evaluate the phenotype and molecular level of the production of biofilm in oral isolates of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto and correlate the results with the clinical origin (dysbiosis versus eubiosis).
Materials and Methods: The biofilm-forming ability was compared in 50 oral isolates of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto obtained from patients with and without oral dysbiosis; by quantification of metabolic activity. The results were corroborated by confocal fluorescence microscopy, and correlated with the transcriptional activity of CPH2, by RT-qPCR. The data were analysed by Excel 2010, and InfoStat 2018, with a 95% confidence interval.
Results: The metabolic activity in biofilm was significantly higher in oral dysbiosis relative to control (p = 0.0025). Basal expression of CPH2 increased 2.8 times more in oral dysbiosis related to the control condition and showed no significant differences with pathogenic isolates of this same yeast, derived from onychomycosis lesions.
Conclusion: The oral cavity in dysbiosis increases the virulence of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto due to possible changes in epigenetic marks. This finding suggests that the oral cavity in dysbiosis may be an alternative route to the skin in the epidemiology of nosocomial candidemia.
Modeling of thermal processes in construction of nonrigid pavements using bitumen concrete mixes
Authors: Behzodi B. , Andrianov K. A. , Zubkov A. F.
Published: April 2021

The remoteness of the construction site from the production base, large volumes of work, insufficient productivity of asphalt concrete plants for the preparation of hot asphalt concrete mixtures makes urgent the use of cold bitumen concrete mixes for the road construction. The preliminary mix preparation on the production sites with preservation of its properties for several months allows to increase the duration of the construction season. Purpose. Quality improvement of construction of non-rigid road surfaces using cold bitumen concrete mixes. Materials and methods. Models of road pavement structure based on cold bitumen concrete mixes are proposed to clarify the influence of the structural, climatic, technological and thermophysical properties of materials on the pavement quality. Research results. It is shown that the construction of road surfaces using cold bitumen concrete mixes even at positive ambient temperatures, does not provide the required surface quality. Conclusions. To improve the road paving quality using cold bitumen concrete mixes is necessary to heat the base before laying the cold mix. The heating temperature of the base depends on the layer thickness and ambient temperature.
Surgical management of intracranial arachnoid cysts in pediatric patients: radiological and clinical outcome
Authors: Schulz Matthias , Oezkan Yasin , Schaumann Andreas , Sieg Miriam , Tietze Anna , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

Congenital intracranial cysts account for a significant portion of intracranial lesions in the pediatric population. The efficiency of surgical treatment in a pediatric cohort with intracranial arachnoid cysts (ACs) at different locations regarding clinical symptoms and mass effect was evaluated.

METHODS

A retrospective study of all children who underwent surgical treatment of an intracranial AC during an 11-year period (2007–2018) was performed. Demographics, clinical symptoms, and radiological cyst size pre- and postoperatively, as well as the reoperation rate and possible treatment complications, were analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 116 intracranial cysts at 8 different anatomical locations were surgically treated in 113 children (median age 5 years and 10 months) predominantly by endoscopic technique (84%). The complication rate was 3%, and the reoperation rate was 16%. Preoperative cyst enlargement was significantly more common in infants (p < 0.0001), as was the need for reoperation (p = 0.023). After a median radiological follow-up of 26 months, > 50% reduction of cyst volume was seen in 53 cysts (46%), and 47 cysts (40%) showed a 10%–50% reduction. Acute clinical symptoms improved: nausea and vomiting, accelerated head growth, and headaches improved at 100%, 92% and 89%, respectively. However, chronic symptoms responded less favorably after a median clinical follow-up of 26 months.

CONCLUSIONS

The strategy of predominantly endoscopic treatment with navigation planning is efficient to alleviate clinical symptoms and to significantly reduce the mass effect of pediatric intracranial cysts at different anatomical locations. The subgroup of infants requires close pre- and postoperative monitoring.
Gap between flexion and extension ranges of motion: a novel indicator to predict the loss of cervical lordosis after laminoplasty in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Fujishiro Takashi , Hayama Sachio , Obo Takuya , Nakaya Yoshiharu , Nakano Atsushi , Usami Yoshitada , Nozawa Satoshi , Baba Ichiro , Neo Masashi
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

Kyphotic deformity resulting from the loss of cervical lordosis (CL) is a rare but serious complication after cervical laminoplasty (CLP), and it is essential to recognize the risk factors. Previous studies have demonstrated that a greater flexion range of motion (fROM) and smaller extension ROM (eROM) in the cervical spine are associated with the loss of CL after CLP. Considering these facts together, one can hypothesize that an indicator representing the gap between fROM and eROM (gROM) is highly useful in predicting postoperative CL loss. In the present study, the authors aimed to investigate the risk factors of marked CL loss after CLP for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), including the gROM as a potential predictor.

METHODS

Patients who had undergone CLP for CSM were divided into those with and those without a loss of more than 10° in the sagittal Cobb angle between C2 and C7 at the final follow-up period compared to preoperative measurements (CL loss [CLL] group and no CLL [NCLL] group, respectively). Demographic characteristics, surgical information, preoperative radiographic measurements, and posterior paraspinal muscle morphology evaluated with MRI were compared between the two groups. fROM and eROM were examined on neutral and flexion-extension views of lateral radiography, and gROM was calculated using the following formula: gROM (°) = fROM − eROM. The performance of variables in discriminating between the CLL and NCLL groups was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

RESULTS

This study included 111 patients (mean age at surgery 68.3 years, 61.3% male), with 10 and 101 patients in the CLL and NCLL groups, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that fROM and gROM were significantly greater in the CLL group than in the NCLL group (40.2° vs 26.6°, p < 0.001; 31.6° vs 14.3°, p < 0.001, respectively). ROC curve analyses revealed that both fROM and gROM had excellent discriminating capacities; gROM was likely to have a higher area under the ROC curve than fROM (0.906 vs 0.860, p = 0.094), with an optimal cutoff value of 27°.

CONCLUSIONS

The gROM is a highly useful indicator for predicting a marked loss of CL after CLP. For CSM patients with a preoperative gROM exceeding 30°, CLP should be carefully considered, since kyphotic changes can develop postoperatively.
Analisis Determinan Nilai Perusahaan Pada Sektor Pertanian di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Hazaroh Rizky Shafira , Tristiarto Yoko , Fadila Ardhiani
Published: April 2021

Penelitian kuantitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi determinan nilai perusahaan, variabel yang digunakan yaitu profitabilitas diukur menggunakan Return On Equity (ROE), Kebijakan Hutang diukur dengan Debt Equity Ratio (DER), Keputusan Investasi diukur dengan Price Earning Ratio (PER), dan CSR diukur dengan Corporate Social Responsibiiity Disclosure index (CSRDI). Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu perusahaan sektor pertanian di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 20l6-20l9. Diperoleh sampel 8 perusahaan pertanian selama 4 tahun periode penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Microsoft Excel 20l9 dan uji hipotesis dengan Analisis Regresi Data Panel menggunakan program E-Views 10.0, dengan tingkat signifikansi yaitu 5%. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa profitabiiitas, kebijakan hutang, dan keputusan investasi tidak mempengaruhi nilai perusahaan, sedangkan Corporate Social Responsibiiity mempengaruhi nilai perusahaan secara signifikan negatif.
Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Employees’ Anxiety and Safety Behavior at Higher Educational Institutions in Banjarmasin
Authors: Nastiti Rizky , Rusvitawati Devi
Published: April 2021

The policy to return to work amidst the pandemic has caused anxiety among employees, including those who work at universities and colleges. In order to maintain organization’s performance in the era of COVID-19, the management needs to pay attention to employees’ adjustment and well-being. Moreover, figuring out employees’ anxiety level and safety behavior during the pandemic will help the managements ease their employees’ anxiety and improve their work performance. Thus, this study focuses on the impacts of COVID-19 on employees’ anxiety and safety behavior at higher educational institutions in Banjarmasin. A total of 78 responses were collected from employees of higher educational institutions in Banjarmasin. From the data analysis, it was found that physical concerns and psychological concerns had significant impacts on anxiety and safety behavior. This study offers suggestions for institutions to provide adequate protective equipment safety and enforce their human resource management to help their employees cope with new work environment.
Form-Bilding Factors of the Generational Novel (by the example of novels “Heavenly bodies” by T. Dückers and “In my brother’s shadow” by U. Timm)
Authors: Hrecheshnyuk Olya
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the problem of the form-bilding factors of the generational novel by the example of the most popular novels of the modern German literature (“Heavenly bodies” by T. Dückers and “In my brother’s shadow” by U. Timm). At the beginning of 21th century the question about the nature of a generational novel, as a specific kind of the family novel, is the most discussed among the specialists in literature. The work is based on research of the important works of famous scientists (A. Assmann, A. Eichenberg, M. Neuschäfer and other). The research demonstrates, that the most significant poetical details of this genre variety apply to its composition. The results of the research show that all generational novels have special structural elements, which are its form-bilding factors (specific composition form, position of the narrator, characters and other). The paper is based on structurally-typological and comparative approaches, which help to reveal the specificity of the generational novel as a genre variety. Scientific novelty contains the try to describe the features of the poetics of the generational novel in the modern German literary process. Despite the actuality of such problem of the generational novel and the existing works this theme is analyzed only a little. That is the reason for research on this topic.
Picturesque of Literature and Literature of Fine Arts in Works of Twice Exceptional Expressionists
Authors: Varetska Sofiya
Published: April 2021

The article considers a problem of the arts interaction, which is a characteristic feature of German expressionism. It analyzes works of gifted expressionists, which are fulfilling themselves not only as writers, but as painters too and vice versa. All attention is paid to such figures of expressionism as Oscar Kokoschka, Franz Kafka, Alfred Kubin. The article argues that the power of talent of such artists is so great that self-realization in one of the arts is not enough for them, and therefore they actively use the opportunity to reveal the facets of their giftedness not only verbally, but also visually, alternately changing brushes to pen. Such a synthesis is quite productive because these works are enriched by narrative thematic motifs, genre varieties, a figurative vision of reality, compositional figures of the material organization, etc. It is proved that the expressionists did not follow the modernist concept “Art for the sake of art”, yet for them a human is with his fears, complexes and visions in the center. Thus, the main aim of an artist is using various artistic means to show a sacred inner world where in contrast to the real philistine life a spiritual unity and harmony do exist. In a combination of text, drawing or music, or, like Kokoschka’s light and paint, expressionists try to convey through multimedia the sensual and sacred that arises for them as the purpose of existence.
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU AJAR DAN KURIKULUM MUATAN LOKAL BAHASA KUTAI BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KEC. TENGGARONG
Authors: Zainuddin Muhammad , Wijayanti Silvana Kardinar
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKBanyak bahasa di Dunia sudah mengalami kepunahan, kepunahan dalam bahasa khususnya bahasa ibu menjadi aspek fokus dalam pengajaran bahasa sebagai muatan lokal di sekolah. Upaya pemertahanan ini diwujudkan dalam pengembangan kurikulum dan buku ajar. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kurikulum dan buku ajar muatan lokal Bahasa Kutai di Sekolah dasar di Kec. Tenggarong Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian, penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode angket, observasi, interview.adapun langkah penelitian sebagai berikut penelitian dan pengumpulan data kuisioner pada sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Tenggarong, perencanaan pembuatan buku, pengembangan draf produk buku ajar, uji coba lapangan awal pada sekolah dasar, revisi hasil, uji coba lapangan, penyempurnaan produk hasil, uji pelaksanaan lapangan, penyempurnaan produk akhir, diseminasi dan impelementasi, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Buku ajar sudah layak digunakan dengan prosentasi validasi 80%  dan 79%, tampilan fisik buku  78%( baik), Materi 79% (baik) dan Penggunaan Bahasa 79% (baik), secara keseluruhan rata-rata keterbacaan peserta didik adalah 78.67% (baik).Kata Kunci: Pengembangan kurikulum, buku ajar, Bahasa Kutai ABSTRACTThere are many languages in the world have experienced extinction, extinction in languages, especially mother tongue, has become a focus aspect in language teaching as a local content in schools. This defense effort is manifested in the development of curricula and textbooks. Therefore, this study aims to develop curricula and textbooks for local content in the Kutai language in elementary schools in the district. Tenggarong This research is included in the type of research, research and development (research and development). Data collection was carried out using the questionnaire method, observation, interview. The research steps were as follows: research and data collection of questionnaires in elementary schools in Tenggarong District, planning for making books, developing draft textbook products, initial field trials in elementary schools, revising results, field trials, product improvement results, field implementation tests, final product improvement, dissemination and implementation, research results show that textbooks are suitable for use with validation percentages of 80% and 79%, physical appearance of books is 78% (good), material 79% (good) and Language Usage 79% (good), the overall average readability of students was 78.67% (good).Keywords : Curriculum development, teaching textbook, Kutai language
Systematic HPLC/DAD/MSn study on the extraction efficiency of polyphenols from black goji: Citric and ascorbic acid as alternative acid components in the extraction mixture
Authors: Stanoeva Jasmina Petreska , Stefova Marina , Bogdanov Jane
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: The beneficial effects of the fruit of Lycium rhutenicum (black goji) have been linked to their polyphenolic profile. OBJECTIVE: Systematic examination of the extraction efficiency of polyphenols from cultivated black goji from Macedonia was carried out using 25 different solvent mixtures containing methanol, acetone or water combined with different acids (hydrochloric, acetic, citric and ascorbic acid). METHODS: An HPLC/DAD/MSn method was used for identification and quantification of phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins and also spermines and spermidines. RESULTS: The extraction solvent composition was found to have a significant effect on the yield of total as well as specific polyphenols. Pure methanol was found to be more efficient solvent for extraction of total phenolic compounds than pure water or acetone. Ascorbic acid in methanol (2%, m/v) was found to be the most efficient extraction solvent for total phenolic compounds. Aqueous solutions of citric and ascorbic acid gave the highest yield of phenolic acids, spermidines and flavonoids. The anthocyanin content in these extracts was somewhat lower in comparison with the one obtained with methanol/water/ascorbic acid (70 : 28 : 2). The qualitative analysis of the fruits cultivated in Macedonia showed similar polyphenolic pattern and anthocyanin content to the native plant growing in China. CONCLUSIONS: Citric and ascorbic acid can be used as alternative acid components in the extraction mixture.
Critical analysis of common methodology flaws in e-cigarette surveys
Authors: Hajat Cother , Polosa Riccardo
Published: April 2021

The prevalence of vaping, also known as using e-cigarettes, vapes, vape pens, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has prompted a demand for reliable, evidence-based research.1 However, published literature on the topic of vaping is often unreliable, characterized by serious flaws and a failure to adhere to accepted scientific methodologies. In this narrative review, we analyze 24 popular vaping studies, published in medical journals, that purport to evaluate the association of vaping and smoking initiation, smoking cessation or health outcomes. We analyzed these studies to identify the questions they claimed to address, stated methods, manner of implementation, discussions, and stated conclusions. After critical appraisal, we noted a multiplicity of flaws in these studies, and identified patterns as to the nature of such flaws. Many studies lacked a clear hypothesis statement: to the extent that a hypothesis could be inferred, the methods were not tailored to address the question of interest. Moreover, main outcome measures were poorly identified, and data analysis was further complicated by failure to control for confounding factors. The body of literature on “gateway” theory the for initiation of smoking was particularly unreliable. Overall, the results and discussion contained numerous unreliable assertions due to poor methods, including data collection that lacked relevance, and assertions that were unfounded. Many researchers claimed to find a causal association while not supporting such findings with meaningful data: the discussions and conclusions of such studies were therefore misleading. Herein, we identify the common flaws in the study design, methodology, and implementation found in published vaping studies. Our aim is to prompt future researchers to adhere to scientific methods to produce more reliable findings and conclusions in the field of vaping research.
The Implementation of Drug Checking Services for People Who Use Drugs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Maghsoudi Nazlee , Tanguay Justine , Scarfone Kristy , Rammohan Indhu , Ziegler Carolyn , Werb Dan , Scheim Ayden
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Drug checking services (DCS) provide people who use drugs (PWUD) with chemical analysis results of their drug samples, while simultaneously monitoring the unregulated drug market. We sought to identify and synthesize literature on the following domains: (a) influence of DCS on behaviour of PWUD; (b) monitoring of drug markets by DCS; and (c) outcomes related to models of DCS.

METHODS: This review followed PRISMA guidelines and was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018105366). A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Dissertations & Theses Global. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed articles and conference abstracts, or grey literature, published in any language since 1990 and including original data on the domains. We assessed risk of bias for quantitative peer-reviewed articles reporting on behaviour or models of DCS using National Institutes of Health tools.

RESULTS: We screened 2,463 titles and abstracts and 156 full-texts, with 90 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Most (n=65, 72.2%) were from Europe and used cross-sectional designs (n=79, 87.7%). Monitoring of drug markets by DCS (n=63, 70%) was most commonly reported, followed by influence of DCS on behaviour (n=31, 34.4%) and outcomes related to models of DCS (n=17, 18.9%). The most common outcome measures were detection of unexpected substances (n=50, 55.6%), expected substances (n=44, 48.9%), new psychoactive substances_ _(n=40, 44.4%), and drugs of concern (n=32, 36.5%) by DCS.

CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring of drug markets by DCS is well established in Europe and increasingly in North America. There is an emerging evidence base demonstrating the capacity of DCS to influence behavioural intention, and a smaller subset of findings on its impact on the enacted behaviour of PWUD. Further research is needed on enacted behaviours and corresponding health outcomes including overdose, particularly among people who inject drugs or use opioids.
Establishing the New Development Bank as an integrating mechanism for the BRICS countries
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Tyulebekov T. B. , Nechayeva E. L. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: April 2021

The establishment of the New Development Bank institute within the framework of the political union of the BRICS countries provides for integration opportunities using investment instruments without the participation of dominant western financial institutions. In addition, the emergence of a new institution consolidating the interaction of the intensively developing economies of the BRICS countries undoubtedly influences the reform of the unipolar structure of the traditional structures of the World Bank. Taking into account the prevailing preconditions for the creation of new integration associations and the needs of developing economies not only in additional investment inflows, but also in making strategic decisions and participating in the distribution of resources, the institution of the New Development Bank within the political association of the BRICS countries is a mechanism that can eliminate the existing imbalance in world politics, and also represents a quite profitable alternative for diversifying the sources of financing the economies. The article describes the prerequisites for establishment, the principles of activity and the demand for the investment and financial mechanism of the New Development Bank, taking into account integration prospects and the expansion of BRICS.
National identity and national interests of Kazakhstan in the context of globalization
Authors:   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Abdildina H. S. , Sheryazdanova G.R. ,   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University
Published: April 2021

The article discusses issues of national identity and the uniqueness of the cultural code of the Kazakh people in the context of globalization. The article highlights several subject areas of research, including issues of national and ethno-cultural identity of Kazakhstan society, cultural and historical features of its formation in the era of globalization. These issues take into account the specifics of Kazakhstan society in terms of world politics and history. In asking questions about the place of the Kazakh people on the world stage, we consider several aspects: a description of the Kazakh people, their values, the principles on which they are guided, their main priorities and the ideas that inspire them, the importance of Kazakhstan’s national interests and the uniqueness of its cultural code in a globalized world.
Diplomatic terms formed by specific words in Kazakh and Turkish languages
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Begimova G. A. , KENZHALIN K.
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the formation of specific diplomatic terms between the Kazakh and Turkish languages, and also shows their relevance at the present time. The work analyzes the semantics and lexical composition of diplomatic terms in Kazakh and Turkish languages. It is known that today the phenomenon of globalization is accelerating the integration process in all fields of science. It is important to define the terms of the modern Turkic languages that have arisen from linguistic integrity and established their own characteristics, to show their closeness and specificity, to determine their place in science. Since diplomatic terms are a common problem in many areas, they will no doubt help to understand the basis of this phenomenon. In the field of terminology, a comparison of diplomatic terms in Turkish and Kazakh can lead to the development of new scientific views and new findings. Because, defining general terms in the Turkic languages, we focus on identifying the main difficulties in communication between diplomats and business people. The study of diplomatic terms of the Kazakh and Turkish languages is an important and urgent issue in terminology. In connection with changes in diplomatic science, it is necessary to increase the number of common diplomatic terms in order to strengthen cooperation between Turkic languages. The creation of a common base of terms will contribute to the further fruitful development of diplomatic relations between Kazakhstan and Turkey
The main trends of work with the Kazakh diaspora abroad
Authors:   Kazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Akesina A. A. , Tulindinova Z. K. , Bektenova M. K. , Zholdybalina A. S. ,   Kazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: April 2021

The work of the state with diasporas today is one of the trends in the development of foreign policy and international cooperation. Increasing potential in the form of foreign diasporas outside their borders is increasingly viewed by states as an important foreign policy and economic resource. The authors of the article consider the legislative, institutional and organizational aspects of the diaspora policy of Kazakhstan in order to identify the possibilities and degree of activity of state policy in the field of ethnic migration, repatriation of compatriots and the potential of Kazakh diasporas in the development of economic, socio-cultural relations between countries.
MENINGKATKAN INTERAKSI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM UNTUK KELAS DARING BIOLOGI DI SMA
Authors: HARIYADI SUGENG
Published: April 2021

This action research was to increase the student interaction in the learning process. The subjects were the students at class X MIPA 4 SMA Negeri 1 Tarakan, consisting of 35 students (18 male and 17 female). It was held in the odd semester of the 2020-2021. The treatment given was by introducing the use of Google Classroom as the platfom of the learning. The result shows that there was an  increase of the student interaction in the learning process on the Protista subject matter, by looking at the interactive score, namely the difference between the final score and the previous score > 30 with a score of 25, from 5.7% in cycle I to 0.0%, indicating an increase in student interactive, it even occurs interactively for all students in the learning process in cycle II, and this has a significant effect on student learning outcomes. Student learning outcomes increased from 76.2% in cycle I to 78.1% in cycle II, with attendance of students in cycle I of 99.0% and cycle II of 96.2%. There was an increase in student interaction in the learning and completeness of 80.0% with an average value of 65.9.  It can be concluded that learning using Google Classroom
PEMANFAATAN KOMPOS KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata L.) UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN TERUNG (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Pramono Hadi
Published: April 2021

Terung (Solanum melongena L.) adalah salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang banyak dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat.  Terung dapat dikonsumsi dalam bentuk sayur dan lalapan, dan jika diolah terung di buat untuk sayur lodeh, tumis, asem-asem, pecel, sayur bening, pepesan berbumbu dan sebagainya. Terung juga bermanfaat membantu pencernaan, mencegah timbulnya sariawan dan dapat mencegah penyakit kejang.  Tanaman terung merupakan tanaman yang responsif terhadap pemupukan.  Pemupukan  sangat penting karena menentukan tingkat pertumbuhan dan hasil baik kuantitatif maupun kualitatif sebagai alternatifnya yaitu memakai pupuk organik. Untuk mengoptimalkan produksi terung dapat digunakan kompos kirinyuh, yang mengandung 2,95% N; 3,02% K dan 0,35% P. Sehingga pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman terung dapat tumbuh dan berproduksi dengan baik. Tujuan proyek usaha mandiri yaitu pemanfaatan kompos kirinyuh untuk mengoptimalkan produksi tanaman terung serta menganalisa kelayakan usaha budidaya tanaman terung dengan potensi pasar di daerah Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota dan sekitarnya.  Proyek  Usaha  Mandiri  ini  telah  dilaksanakan  pada  kebun  percobaan Politeknik  Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh di Tanjung  Pati,  Kecamatan Harau, Kabupaten  Lima  Puluh  Kota, Provinsi  Sumatera  Barat, dari bulan  September sampai  Desember  2015.  Pelaksanaan  Proyek  Usaha  Mandiri  menghasilkan  produksi terung ungu  sebanyak 542 kg dengan harga jual rata-rata Rp. 3.626,  penerimaan total (TR) Rp.1.951.200, dan biaya total (TC) sebesar Rp.785.032 dengan untung sebesar  Rp. 1.166.168. R/C yang didapat adalah 2,48 dan profitabilitasnya 148,5 %, sehingga Proyek Usaha mandiri ini layak diusahakan, berdasarkan hal tersebut disarankan menggunakan kompos kirinyuh yang dapat mengoptimalkan  produksi dan kesuburan tanah.
The Role of Imagery in Film Creation (on the Example of Technical Images in Western Sci-Fi Films)
Authors: Pankratova S. A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The paper deals with the peculiarities of the technical image nomination in western sci-fi films. The aim of the paper is to analyse the means of rendering of the technical imagery in modern films. The scientific topicality is in treating the subject of the paper in the light of the modern cognitive approach to image conceptualization, which is studied with the aim of demonstrating the individual specific picture of the world of the film creation. The study is centered around technical images from western films about computers and mechanisms. The topicality of the study is defined by the invariably high level of popularity of the technical sphere in the modernity by comparison with other (natural, biological) semantic spheres.

Methodology and sources. The paper makes use of specific linguistic methods of observation, description, qualitative count and the universal method of comparison. The unique method of conceptual modelling allows to reconstruct reality objects behind certain technical images. The method “from the opposite” questions the trend to activate certain thematic fields in image nomination whilst other are left unheeded. The fact basis of the study is formed from more than 500 technical images of the modern English language, found by means of solid selection from more than 30 feature film scripts, dealing with the world of technology based on the site scripts.com.

Results and discussion. The analysis of technical imagery in western film discourse was carried out with the help of cognitive and discoursive methods, disclosing evaluational statements of film characters aimed at solving the topical issues in films. The analysis demonstrated that thanks to its implicit nature the image is able to render the emotional condition, to give direction to thought process, to provide wide program of information processing accompanied by the freedom of choice. Evaluational categories of expressiveness and imagery are used by directors and scriptwriters in assessment and adaptation of the collective knowledge and schemes in personal conceptual system of the film character in the process of the rendering of the personal vision of the world.

Conclusion. The use of cognitive and discoursive methods allowed to identify the role of images in film production. The image doesn’t belong to the secondary background knowledge, it is situated in the middle between the secondary and the significant, enabling the knowledge with the element of emotion. The implicitness of images in films stimulates thinking, directs the search of lost plot lines, lays the basis for the disclosure of the director’s vision. The image allows the viewer to be active and the process of viewing become a kind of common creation, common drawing of the image.
The Critique of Gender Linguistics from the Perspective of Feminist Linguistics
Authors: Ulianitckaia L. A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction.The paper reviews features and main problems of feminist linguistics. The novelty of the study is an unparalleled take on feminist linguistics in contradistinction to gender linguistics; the identification of their fundamental differences as well as emphasizing arguments in favour of both scholarly importance and practical value of feminist linguistic studies. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the lack of academic papers concerning the subject; the growing interest in studying the language as an anthropocentric sociocultural phenomenon; and the increasing significance of the feminist movement world-wide.

Methodology and data sources.The theoretical foundation of the study constitutes Russian and foreign gender studies (works of А. V. Kirilina, А. М. Kuznetsov), feminist sociological and sociolinguistic studies (L. N. Kaznin, R. Lakoff, M. Fuko) as well as feminist linguistic studies (N. A. Antropova, E. Gorshko, O. A. Voronina, E. Zdravomyslova, A. V. Tolstokorova). The methods of the study include both analysis and synthesis of theoretical material; polling research; the analysis of the collected data.

Results and discussion.The latest results on feminist linguistics research are showing inadequacy of the attempts of proving the existence of either «women’s language», «men’s language», or genderlect. This is in fact entirely sociocultural phenomenon of the replicating women’s and men’s behavioral patterns in a particular culture, including the patterns of speech. Feminist linguistics uses a more in-depth approach in the studies and addresses the language system directly, identifying gender asymmetry that is evident in the androcentrism of a language; it also develops strategies against language sexism and suggests concrete ways of its elimination, such as the introduction of gender-neutral lexical units and feminine gender-specific job titles, the implementation of inclusive language. All of that is possible with feminist language reforms and appropriate feminist language planning.

Conclusion.An overview of conventional gender linguistics findings draws to a conclusion that feminist linguistic studies introduce lots of new ideas of a special value to linguistics. Feminist language critique is a progressive course of modern linguistics that draws attention to the most vital language issues of the society and suggests effective means of addressing them.
Features of Communication of People Living Together during the Period of Self-isolation
Authors: Pashkovsky E. A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article analyzes the impact of forced self-isolation in connection with the coronavirus pandemic in the spring of 2020 on communication between people living together. The relevance of the topic, in addition to the current situation in society, is determined by the fact that interpersonal communication is a factor that has a great influence on the quality of relations between people, and therefore on the psychological stability of each individual.

The purpose of the article is to find out how the self-isolation regime affected the communication between people living together.

Methodology and sources. The current situation in modern society actualizes the value of using methods of analysis and management of communicative behavior in the practice of interpersonal communications, such as Nonviolent Communication by M. Rosenberg, Transactional Analysis by E. Berne, Neuro-Linguistic Programming. They were used by the author of the article as a source to identify the key problems of interpersonal communication during self-isolation.

Results and discussion. To solve the problems of the study, we conducted a survey, in which 217 respondents took part. Guided by the task to describe as accurately as possible the nature of changes in communication between people living together, the author included different groups of questions in the questionnaire. The first group is aimed at assessing communication as a whole through an attempt to look at it from the outside. Further, the respondent was asked to recall the difficulties and positive changes brought to communication by a new way of life and, possibly, by an emotional state. The next two questions were devoted to tense and conflict situations: the respondent was asked to evaluate the changes in their number, and then, in the open-ended question, write how the ways of solving such situations during self-isolation have changed. Two more questions were aimed at assessing changes in the communicative behavior of cohabitants and their own. In the last, also open-ended question, the author was interested in the general nature of changes in communication with family and friends with whom the respondent does not live together.

Conclusion. The study confirmed the author’s assumption that there were significant changes in the communication between people living together during the period of forced self-isolation in the spring of 2020.

During the study period, there were more tense and conflict situations in communication between cohabitants, which made the search for new communication strategies and techniques to preserve the psychological stability of interpersonal relations.

Many respondents noted the positive impact of the period of self-isolation on their relationships with people living with them. Among the difficulties, the most common were communication fatigue, difficulty in expressing their emotions, self-disclosure, and an increase in the number of conflicts.