bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON-FARM PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF ECOTYPES OF THE DOMESTIC TURKEY (Meleagris gallopavo) IN SOKOTO STATE
Authors: ABDULRAHMAN M. , HASSAN W. A. , UMAR L. M. , HUSSAINI M.
Published: December 2024

Fifteen flocks comprising 18 toms, 44 hens and 26 poults were monitored for on-farm performance characterization of domestic turkey in Dange-Shuni, Wurno and Kware Local Government Areas between August and November, 2011. Strains of the domestic turkeys found in the study flocks included: 'Baki", 'Banasare', 'Yarkada' and 'Fari". Average flock size was 5.86 ± 5.39 birds made up of 3 ± 2.12 hens, 1 ± 1.6 toms and 2 ± 3.78 poults. The results showed that 'Baki' (Black) strain was heavier than "Banasare" and other strains found there. It was also shown that brooding hens were heavier than resting, laying and incubating hens. Average values for live weight of toms and hens were 5588.4 ± 1437.3g and 3816.4 ± 845.5g. Poults weighed 156.36 ± 49.92g at about two weeks. Live weight of hens varied according to physiological stage (Incubating: 3611.3 ± 706.6g, Brooding; 4162.1 ± 761.7g, Resting; 3807.6 ± 909.6g, Laying; 3691.6483.2g).
EFFECTS OF TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA) AND QUANTUM BLUE® AS PHYTOGENIC AND EXOGENOUS ENZYME SUPPLEMENTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Onyeniyoma O. I. , Ari M. M. , Adu’a M.M.
Published: December 2024

The effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Quantum Blue® as phytogenic and exogenous enzyme supplements on the performance parameters of broiler chickens were studied using one hundred and eighty (n= 180) day old chicks in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement at both the starter and finisher levels as thus; T1 (0g Turmeric; 0ppm Enzyme), T2 (5g Turmeric; 0ppm Enzyme), T3 (0g Turmeric; 0.05ppm Enzyme) and T4 (5g Turmeric, 0.05ppm Enzyme). Feed and water were provided ad libitum during the 7 weeks period. Parameters measured were final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, performance index, protein intake, protein efficiency ratio, survival percentage. In the finisher phase, all parameters showed no significant (P>0.05) difference except protein intake (values and units of the PI) and protein efficiency ratio (values and units of the PER).For the enzyme all parameters showed no significant (P>0.05) difference except survival percentage (values and units of the SP) and protein efficiency ratio (values and units of thePER). Enzyme addition decreased feed conversion ratio. It is therefore concluded that T4 presented better performance and therefore 5g Turmeric and 0.05ppm Enzyme is recommended for broiler feeding.
GROWTH INDICES OF BROILER CHICKEN ADMINISTERED LAGANARIA BREVIFLORUS AT STARTER PHASE
Authors: Irivboje O. A. , Olufayo O. O.
Published: December 2024

Investigating how Laganaria breviflorus affected the broiler chickens' growth metrics was the aim of the experiment. The study included one hundred and fifty (150) day old broiler chicks. The birds were placed in a brooding pen after being weighed upon arrival. 28 days were used for the purpose of the experiment. Each of the five treatments (each containing thirty birds) was reproduced three times (each containing ten birds). Treatment 1 was the positive control (received all vaccinations), Treatment II was the negative control (received no dose of vaccination nor Laganaria breviflorus), Treatment III was 0.1 ml of Laganaria breviflorus), Treatment IV was 0.2 ml of Laganaria breviflorus) and Treatment V was 0.3 ml of Laganaria breviflorus). The acquired data were compared using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the significance level was set at (P< 0.05). From the results, there was a significant (p>0.05) difference in the final weight, average weight, and FCR, with the maximum value being recorded by the birds on 0.1 ml. Mortality was also observed to be significant. The study concluded that 0.1 ml (T III) of Laganaria breviflorus influences the growth indices of broiler chicks at the starter phase.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF WEANER RABBITS FED DEHYDRATED AFRICAN BREADFRUIT (TRECULIA AFRICANA) PULP BASED DIETS
Authors: Ugwu C. M. , Ani A. O. , Anizoba N. W. , Ogwuegbu M. C. , Ali L. C. , Ezenwosu C. , Nwoga C. C. , Edeh H. O. , Obinna A. L.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to determine the growth performance of rabbits fed varying dietary levels of dried African breadfruit pulp (DABP). A total of thirty (30) weaner rabbits were randomly assigned to five treatment groups of 6 rabbits each and assigned to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). The dietary treatments consisted of T1: control; T2: 5% dried African breadfruit pulp; T3: 10% dried African breadfruit pulp; T4: 15% dried African breadfruit pulp; T5: 20% dried African breadfruit pulp. Each treatment was replicated three times with 2 rabbits per replicate. Feed and water were provided to the rabbits ad libitum. Final body weight, total feed intake, average daily feed intake, total weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (P<0.05) improved in T2 and T3 compared to T1, T4 and T5. Based on the results obtained from the present study, it was concluded that 5-10% DABP can be incorporated into rabbit diets, without adverse effect on the animals.
EFFECT OF CATERPILLAR (BUNAEOPSIS AURANTIACA) MEAL AS A REPLACEMENT FOR FISH MEAL ON CARCASS AND SENSORY EVALUATON IN BROILER CHICKEN
Authors: Ajibade A. J. , Makinde O. J. , Maidala A. , Akeem B. S. , Ntagbu F. G. , Adeniji O. A.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of graded levels of Caterpillar (Bunaeopsis aurantiaca) as replacement for fish meal on carcass and sensory parameters of finisher broilers. A total of 150 four- week old broilers were randomly allocated to five experimental diets formulated to contain 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% caterpillar meal. There were 30 birds in each treatment which was replicated three (3) times with ten (10) birds per pen in a completely randomized design. Throughout the experimental period, feed and water were provided ad libitum for all treatment groups. Data were collected on carcass and sensory characteristics of the birds. Results revealed that live weight (2380.74-2654.67 g), dressing percentage (84.54-86.14 %) and breast weight (18.17-21.34 %), and all the sensory parameters measured were not statistically (P>0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. The study concluded that up to 60% Caterpillar (Bunaeopsis aurantiaca) meal can be included as replacement for fish meal in the diets of finisher broilers without adverse effect on carcass and sensory parameters of birds.
THE IMPACT OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS EXPOSED TO AFLATOXIN B1
Authors: Oladebeye F. S. , Oloruntola O. D. , Adeyeye S. A. , Ayodele S. O. , Falowo A. B. , Olarotimi O. J. , Gbore F. A. , Ayodele O. A. , Adeniji O. E. , Adu O. A.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Vernonia amygdalina aqueous leaf powder extract (VLAE) on the performance of broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin B1. A total of 200-day-old broilers were divided into four groups, designated as treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4 (with 50 birds per treatment and 10 birds per replicate). Treatment assignments were as follows: Treatment 1 (Control), Treatment 2 (0.5 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 contamination), Treatment 3 (0.5 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 contamination + 1g VLAE per liter of water), and Treatment 4 (0.5 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 contamination + 2 g VLAE per liter of water). The body weight gain of broiler chickens in Treatments 3 and 4 was statistically similar (P > 0.05) but significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in the remaining diets. Conversely, the body weight gain of birds in Treatment 2 was lower (P < 0.05) compared to the other treatments. The feed conversion ratio was the lowest in Treatment 3, while the feed conversion ratio in Treatment 4 was comparable (P > 0.05) to Treatments 2 and 1. In conclusion, Vernonia amygdalina aqueous leaf powder extract (VLAE) demonstrates the potential to alleviate the adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the performance characteristics of broiler chickens exposed to 0.5 mg/kg aflatoxin B1.
GROWTH RESPONSE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF CASSAVA ROOT MEAL FORTIFIED WITH ROSELLE SEED MEAL AS A REPLACEMENT FOR MAIZE IN DIETS OF FINISHER BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Oguntoye M. A. , Ardo B. A. , Tirmidhi A. B. , Shiddi J. A. , Olanloye S. A.
Published: December 2024

Substantial efforts have been made in the past to replace cereals with cassava in poultry feeding but the response, in terms of productive performance of laying hens fed cassava products, has been widely variable. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate growth response and nutrient digestibility of cassava root meal fortified with roselle seed meal as a replacement for maize in diets of finisher broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old broiler chicks were used in eight weeks feeding trial toinvestigate the effect of fermented cassava root fortified with roselle seed meal as a replacement for maize on growth response and nutrient digestibility of finisher broiler chickens. Maize is the main energy source for the control diet (T1) while the other five diets (T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 were partially replaced with varying levels of cassava root meal – roselle seed meal (CRM-RSM) mixture at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% inclusion rates respectively. The broiler chicks were allotted to six dietary treatments of 40 birds each. The groups were replicated four times in a completely randomized design of 10 birds per replicate. Parameters measured for growth response include: final weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain, total feed intake, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Dietary treatments revealed significant (P < 0.05) effect on final weight, total weight gain daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Birds fed control diet (T1) and diet containing 20% cassava- roselle meal mixture (T3) showed higher similar statistical (P < 0.05) values of 2051.00g and 2103.30g respectively. Birds fed diets containing 40% (T5) and 50% cassava- roselle meal mixture (T6) showed least values 1725.30g and 1767.00g respectively. Crude fibre and metabolisable energy digestibility were significantly (P < 0.05) affected. Birds fed diet containing 50% CRM-RSM recorded least (p<0.05) value 70.03% for crude fibre digestibility. In conclusion, inclusion of cassava – roselle seed mixture up to 30% replacement level for maize could be fed to finisher broiler chickens for improved growth response and efficient nutrient digestibility.
PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION OF WEANER RABBITS FED WITH SUN-DRIED SHEEP RUMEN CONTENTS AS A REPLACEMENT FOR WHEAT OFFAL
Authors: Saidu I. , Mbap S. T. , Abubakar M. M. , Bello K. M. , Yakubu N. , Muazu S. M. , Sa’id M.
Published: December 2024

The study was therefore, conducted to evaluate the performance and economics of production of weaner rabbits fed with varying levels of sun-dried sheep rumen contents (SDSRC) as replacement for wheat offal (WO). Fifty mongrel rabbits were allotted to five dietary treatments replicated five times in a completely randomized design with SDSRC replacing WO at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% designated as diet 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Growth performance, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not influenced (P>0.05) by treatment. Feed cost (N/kg) and total feed cost (N) reduced as the percentage SDSRC increased. Lower4 values were recorded for diet 5(100% SDSRC) of N68.80 and N300.90 respectively. It is therefore, concluded that inclusion of SDSRC in the diet of weaner rabbits reduce cost of production without compromising their production attributes, it is therefore recommended for farmers to incorporate it, to reduce cost of production and environmental pollution in Nigeria.
THE USE OF EGG MEASUREMENT FOR CHARACTERIZATION BETWEEN LOCAL CHICKEN POPULATIONS
Authors: Gwaza D. S. , Dim N. I. , Momoh O. M.
Published: December 2024

The study was carried out at Akpehe poultry farm, Makurdi. Benue state. Nigeria. About 840 eggs were collected from mating of 40 hens and 4 sires each of the Fulani and the Tiv chicken ecotypes housed singly and hand-mated. Egg length and diameter were measured with the aid of a vernier caliper. Egg weight were taken by a digital weighing balance. Egg index was obtained as a ratio of egg length to egg diameter. Data was analyzed by SAS (1996) and Mahalanobis D2 test (1936). The univariate and multivariate tests all indicated that there were significant (P<0.01) differences between the ecotypes. Egg weight, egg length, egg diameter and egg index have discriminating powers to differentiate the two ecotypes. Egg index discriminating power was however not significant (P<0.01). The pairwise and squared mahalanobis distance (D) between the ecotypes base on egg weight, egg length and egg diameter indicated significant (P<0.001) genetic distance between the ecotypes. The genetic resources of the Tiv and the Fulani local chickens in the savannah region of Nigeria are not homogenous. Selection within the ecotypes and subsequent crossing between the ecotypes will enhance higher heterosis due to the wide genetic distance between the ecotypes. Egg weight, egg length and egg diameter can be use to differentiate between local chicken populations.
MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS OF WEST-AFRICAN DWARF GOATS IN NIGERIA
Authors: OJO O. A. , AKPA G. N. , ORUNMUYI M. , ADEYINKA I. A. , Kabir M.
Published: December 2024

This study is aimed at investigating the genetic variability of the West African Dwarf goat of South Western Nigeria. Tissue samples from sixty (60) West African Dwarf goat were genotyped using 25 Microsatellite Markers as proposed by FAO and ISAG. All the Markers were highly polymorphic with allele numbers ranging from 3 (ILSTS005) to 19 (BM6444), and in most cases above 4. High level of genetic variability was obtained as demonstrated by the values of the mean observed and expected heterozygosites (0.584 and 0.679 respectively). The positive F, values obtained at 19 loci indicated some level of inbreeding within the population. The Microsatellite Markers used in this study showed their suitability for analysis of genetic variability in the West African Dwarf goat. However, further research using a larger sample size, together with the three indigenous goat breeds of the country should be considered to ensure possible improvement, conservation of their native germplasm, as well as proper policy formulation.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF RABBITS ADMINISTERED GMELINA ARBOREA LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: Obinna A. L. , Anizoba N. W. , Ezenwosu C. , Udeh F. U. , Machebe N. S.
Published: December 2024

An 8-week study was carried out using a total of 36 rabbits; 24 females and 12 males, to evaluate the growth performance of rabbits administered Gmelina arborea leaf extract (GALE). The rabbits were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups in 2x4 factorial arrangements in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment for the rabbit bucks was replicated three times with each treatment containing 3 rabbit bucks and to each replicate, one buck was assigned each. The treatment for the female rabbits contained 6 does, replicated three times with 2 does per replicate. GALE was prepared following standard protocol. The extract was given to the rabbits at concentrations of 0, 300, 600 and 900ml for every one liter of drinking water measured representing T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups respectively. Results showed high significant (P<0.01) differences on the effects of sex on final body weight , total feed intake, average daily feed intake, total weight gain, average daily weight gain, average daily water intake, total water intake and feed conversion ratio of rabbits. There were no significant (P>0.05) variation among the treatment groups, and the interaction between sex and GALE on growth parameters measured except for average water intake and total water intake. It was concluded that GALE improved growth of rabbits.
EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF DIETARY LYSINE SUPPLEMENTION ON CARCASS YIELD OF BROILER FINISHER CHICKENS
Authors: Yisa A. G. , Ishaku J.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of dietary lysine supplement on carcass yield of broiler finishers. A total of 150-day old unsexed broiler chickens were brooded for 4 weeks on commercial broiler starter feeds after which they were divided into 5 groups of 30 birds. Each group was further divided into 3 replicates of 10 birds in a Completely Randomized Design. The groups of birds were allotted to 5 diets containing 0.125, 0.100, 0.075, 0.050, and 0.025 % lysine supplement that were fed to the birds for 4 weeks (28 days) duration along with clean drinking water ad libitum. At the end of the 4 weeks feeding of the experimental diets, two birds having their weights closest to the average of each replicate (i e. 6 per treatment) were selected, slaughtered, scalded, plucked, eviscerated and dissected. The dressed carcass, various carcass components and internal organs were then weighed and expressed as percentage of live weights for each treatment and replicate. Statistical analyses of the results show that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in dressing percentages and proportions of carcass components to live weights between treatments. It was concluded that broiler finisher chickens can be fed diets with lysine supplements as low as 0.025% (75% less than recommended level) without any adverse effects on growth performance and carcass yield.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIZE STOVER SILAGE
Authors: MIDAU A. , ONYIMONYI A. E. , MOHAMMED I. D. , AUGUSTINE C. , MALGWI I. H.
Published: December 2024

The research was conducted at the Livestock Teaching and Research Farm, Department of Animal Science, Adamawa State University, to determine physical and chemical characteristics of urea treated maize stover at different levels of urea inclusion incubated for 21 days. The colour/appearance, smell, texture, pH and temperature for urea treated maize stover were dark yellowish/brown colour in all the treatments an indication of good quality and normal color range for grass, cereal and maize silages. The mild sour smell in treatment M2 and sour smell in both M3 and M4 also shows that, there was normal lactic acid fermentation in the process, urea treated maize stover had leafy and soft texture in all the treated materials in M2, M3 and M4.The chemical composition of urea treated maize stover obtained ranged as follows; DM (80.52-90.10%), CP (5.7-12.8%), CF (34.6-41.5%), NDF (61.43.1%), ADF (42.3-46.6%), lignin (5.2-8.2%), EE (1.83-1.86%), Ash (8.2-13.8%), NEE (29.5-45.8%), Gross energy (18.8-23.9MJ/kg), Ca (2.2-6.6 g/kg), phosphorus (0.9-4.4 g/kg), K (1 1.4-12.8 g/kg), Na (0.15-0.33 g/kg), Mg (2.1-2.5 g/kg), Mn (107-122 mg/kg), zn (13-26 mg/kg) and Cu (l .4-3.0 mg/kg). Urea treatment had significantly (P<O.O1) increased the crude protein values from 5.7-12.8 and significant (P<0.05) increase on Ash, Na, Calcium, Copper, gross energy, sodium, phosphorus and zinc. There was also significant (P<O.05) decrease in NDF, ADF, lignin, K, Mn, and Cu across the treatments.
THE EFFECT OF ALOE VERA LEAF EXTRACT ON THE GROWTH TRAITS OF THREE CHICKEN GENOTYPE CHALLENGED WITH SALMONELLA
Authors: Ohagenyi I. J. , Idenyi S. H.
Published: December 2024

Aloe vera is gaining popularity in poultry production due to their potential to improve growth performance and overall health. However, limited research has explored the effects of Aloe vera extract on growth traits of chicken genotypes. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the influence of Aloe vera extract on Salmonella infection on the growth of broiler, inbred and local chickens. 600-day old chicks, comprising 200 individuals from each genotype aforementioned, were assigned to four treatment levels of Aloe vera extract (0, 10mL, 15mL and standard drug). Birds were fed broiler starter at 0-4 weeks and broiler finisher from 0 to 8 weeks. The study lasted for 8 weeks. The body weights of the broiler at starter phase was significantly (p<0.05) higher at weeks 0, 1 and 4, but statistically (p>0.05) similar at weeks 2 and 3 with the inbred. The body weight of broilers and inbred chicken at weeks 1 to 4 were significantly (P> 0.01) higher than local chicken. At the finisher phase body weight of broilers exhibited significant (p<0.05) higher values across all weeks, followed by inbred chickens. Broilers feed consumption was significantly (p<0.05) higher than inbred, which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than local chickens. The findings on interaction suggest that different treatments could have varying impacts. The competing growth between the inbred and broiler at the early ages (2 to 3) consolidates the predictive accuracy of the on-going breeding program among the inbred population. Hence breeders may achieve optimal expression of inbred traits using better environment.
PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMY OF PRODUCTION OF GROWING RABBITS FED DIETARY REPLACEMENT OF YELLOW MAIZE WITH GRADED LEVELS OF RED SORGHUM WITH OR WITHOUT ENZYME (ENZYBLEND®)
Authors: Tarhemba F. , Torhemen M. , Mashi A.M. , Wayo S.N. , Sarwuan G.D.
Published: December 2024

Maize is one of the major sources of energy in rabbits feed. The use of sorghum is to reduce prices in feeds and effect of replacing maize as energy source for rabbit demands research. A study lasting 84 days was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Akperan Orshi Polytechnic Yandev, Gboko to evaluate the performance and cost effectiveness of replacing yellow maize with red sorghum in rabbit diets with or without enzyme. A total of 54 weaner rabbits of mixed breed and sexes with initial body weight of 690.84-794.83g were assigned to nine dietary treatments containing six rabbits per treatment with one rabbit per replicate in a completely randomized design of 4×2+1 factorial arrangement having two levels of enzyblend supplementation (with & without). Dietary treatments included: D1: 0 %, D2 :25 %, D3: 50 %, D4 :75 % D5: 100 % red sorghum replacement. The results showed that, increase in the replacement level of sorghum had significant (p<0.05) effects on intake, final weight and average daily weight gain except feed conversion ratio which did not significantly (p>0.05) differed. The results of economic of production showed that the cost per kg diet decreased progressively from 0 (control) to 100 % (₦222.42-₦200.81/kg and ₦222.42-₦199.92/kg) sorghum inclusion levels with and without enzyme supplementation respectively. The feed cost/gain also followed the same trend from control to 100 % (₦1512.46 - ₦1217.51 and ₦1512.46-₦1164.70) with or without enzymes supplementation. A marginal profit was also better for rabbits fed diets with 100 % sorghum replacement level with or without (₦695.62 and ₦592.58) enzyme supplementation which represents a favourable economic implication. The study therefore recommends 100 % sorghum inclusion level to farmers for improved growth and profitability in rabbit production
OPTIMIZATION OF INDUCED OVULATION AND SPAWNING OF AFRICAN CLARIID CATFISH, Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, 1809) USING SYNTHETIC HORMONE
Authors: OLANIYI W. A. , OMITOGUN O. G.
Published: December 2024

In this study, induced spawning of Heterobranchus bidorsalis was optimized for artificial propagation. A single dose (ml) of synthetic hormone, Ovaprim" (Syndel, Canada), per kg body weight (bw) at 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 were administered on the broodstock. Ovulation and spermiation were achieved within the latency period of 14±1 h at 27±0.5 °C. Mean spawned eggs for doses of 1 ml/kg (56.77±8.92g) and 1.25 ml/kg (59.93±3.26g) gave significant production compared to 0.5 ml/kg (5.07±2.29g) and 0.75ml/kg (9.13±1.10g) (p<0.05). Percentages of fertility (72.33+2.52, 79.33±4.04, 84±4.58, 8214.36); hatchability (43.47±4.77, 61.73+10.02, 70.4+5.51, 68.57+12.78) and survival (47.37+3.16, 54.07±7.74, 64.67±4.63, 62.4±2.82) for the test doses of 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 m/kg bw were recorded respectively at 28.5 +0.5 "C. The higher doses of 1 and 1.25 ml/kg bw showed significant difference compared to the lowest dose of 0.5ml/kg (p<0.05) while 0.75ml/kg was not significantly different to all other doses (p>0.05). Hatching occurred at 21 h in all the treatments. This study revealed reproductive dysfunction in H. bidorsalis and recommend a dose of Iml/kg bw for optimal induction using synthetic hormone Ovaprim.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENTLY PROCESSED DOUM PALM (HYPHAENE THEBAICA) PULP ON HEAMATO-BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Tijjani A. , Rano N.B. , Inusa S.K. , Audu R. , Musa S.
Published: December 2024

A study on Effect of Differently Processed Doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica) pulp on haematology and serum biochemical indices of broiler chicken was conducted. In a completely randomized design one hundred and fifty (150) day- old broiler chicks (Agritec) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatment groups of thirty (30) chicks with three replicates of ten chicks each. The treatment groups were labeled as T1 (0%), T2, (raw) T3 (soaked), T4 (boiled) and T5 (roasted).Two birds from each treatment were selected at random for Heamatology and serum biochemical analysis. The results indicated that, red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular (MCHC) and neutrophils were significantly (p<0.05) affected while the remaining parameters were not significantly (p>0.05) affected. RBC in T1 was significantly higher (5.05x1012/l) and statistically (p<0.05) difference with T3. MCHC showed T3 was significantly (p<0.05) higher and similar with all the treatments except T1. The results on serum biochemical analysis revealed significance (p<0.05) difference in the values of potassium and total protein while the remaining parameters were not significantly (p>0.05) affected. Potassium content in T5 showed significantly (p<0.05) higher value (4.20Mmol/L) and similar with all the treatment except T4. However, total protein content was higher (4.1g/dl) in T2 and statistically (p<0.05) similar with the remaining treatments except T4. Therefore, raw and differently processed doum palm pulp meal can be used without any adverse effect on the haematology and serum biochemistry of the broiler chicken as observed in this study.
EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF GREWIA MOLLIS STEM BARK POWDER (GSBP) ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS
Authors: Kosshak A. S. , Raji A. M. , Malomo G. A. , Umar K. M.
Published: December 2024

Twenty-four rabbits of mixed sexes of Chinchilla breed were used to determine the effect of Grewia mollis stem bark powder (GSBP) on the growth of rabbits. The rabbits were randomly assigned to four experimental treatments of six replicates each in a completely randomized design. The feeding trial lasted for five weeks. GSBP was incorporated in the diets of rabbits at 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% for groups T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Rabbits were housed in individual cages and water and feed were administered ad libitum. Proximate analysis of GSBP was conducted and data on weekly body weight were collected. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means separated using Least Significant Difference. Results showed that incorporation of GSBP in rabbit diets significantly increased (p<0.05) final body weight and weight gain at the end of the study. However, GSBP inclusion depresses the body weight of rabbits beyond 4% inclusion. The result also showed that the incorporation of GSBP reduced production cost of feed. The findings of this study showed that GSBP could be included in the feed of growing rabbits up to 4% without any negative effect on their body weights.
PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS FED GRADED LEVELS OF KALGOPOD MEAL (PILIOSTIGMA THONNINGII)
Authors: Ahmed B. , Zubairu S. , Saleh Z. A. , Suleiman M. , Rabi’u M. , Haladu S.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of Kalgopod meal (KPM) on the carcass characteristics of broiler finisher. Completely randomized design was used with four treatment groups replicated four times for four weeks designated as: 0:control, 5, 7.5 and 10% KPM. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. The results indicated that there were significant differences across performance parameters considered, in fact treatment four with higher inclusion level of test ingredient was found to have been well utilized by the birds (p<0.05). Results of carcass analysis revealed that, significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in slaughter weight and dressing percentage while neck, wings, breast, back, thigh, drum stick and shank (p>0.05). Inclusion of KPM in poultry feeding had no adverse effect on carcass characteristics.
EFFECTS OF FEEDING UREA TREATED ENSILED COWPEA HUSK BASED DIETS ON FEED INTAKE AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RED SOKOTO GOATS
Authors: OLAFADEHAN O. A. , OKOYE G. C.
Published: December 2024

Eighteen healthy growing male goats (13.40 ± 0.59 kg BW) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate the inclusion of urea treated ensiled cowpea husk (UTECH) at 0, 35 and 70% to replace 0, 50 and 100% of dried brewers' grains (DBG). Daily intakes of dry matter, crude protein, organic matter, total carbohydrate and neutral detergent fibre were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by diets. Intakes of ether extract and non-fibre carbohydrate were higher (P < 0.05) for the 0% (control) relative to 35 and 70% UTECH. Mineral intake progressively decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing level of UTECH in the diet. Diet effects on the linear body measurements and testicular morphology of the goats were not (P > 0.05) significant. It is concluded that 70% inclusion level of UTECH in goat ration was well tolerated, as voluntary intake and morphological parameters were not affected.
EFFECT OF SOAKING PERIOD ON THE PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF SOYBEAN USED IN FORMULATING MILK REPLACER FOR CALVES
Authors: GADZAMAI I. U. , YASHIM S. M. , ABDU S. B. , MAKUN H. J. , BARJE P. P. , MORU N. H. , EREKE S. O.
Published: December 2024

The study investigated the effect of soaking period on the proximate composition (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, fibre, fat, ash, carbohydrate. acid detergent fibre- neutral detergent fibre and energy) and (moisture, pH, titratable acidity, solid non fat, protein, total solid, fat and ash contents) of soybeans both on dry and wet matter basis respectively. Raw seeds of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) were sun-dried and milled which serves as the control (sample A); soaked for 12h at room temperature (34±2 DC) dehulled, sun-dried and milled (sample B); soaked for 24h, sun-dried and milled (sample C); soaked for 48h, sun-dried and milled (sample D) and soaked for 72h sun-dried and milled (sample E). Results from the proximate composition showed that dry matter content of the samples ranged from 95.53 (sample D) to 96.91% (sample A); crude protein content ranged from 40.28 (sample A) to 46.60% (sample C); crude fibre content ranged from 5.16 (sample C) to 9.50% (sample A); and crude fat content ranged from 14.1 1 (sample A) to 29.55% (sample E). The control (sample A) recorded the highest ash, carbohydrate, NDF, ADF and Hemicellulose contents of (8.47.24.55, 60.19, 49.98, 10.21%) respectively, while sample D recorded the highest energy content (5631.61 MJ/kgDM). Total solid and solid non-fat were highest in sample D (7.01 and 6.85) respectively. On the other hand, length of soaking period decreases the pH of the samples, but there was an increase in titratable acidity across the samples. In conclusion, the study showed that period of soaking improves the proximate composition of the product.
META-ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICACY OF YEAST IN IMPROVING MILK PRODUCTION IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS
Authors: OGBUEWU P. , NWOGU C. M. , IWUJI T. C.
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to use meta-analytic methods to estimate the effect of diamond yeast on milk production in lactating dairy cows. Forty two published journal articles on effect of yeast on milk production in lactating cows were identified using Google search æ.ne. Eight separate studies met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Data for each trial were extracted and analyzed using Open MEE software. Estimated effect size of yeast was calculated for milk yield (MY), milk fat (IMF), milk protein (MP) and milk lactose (ML). The overall pooled estimate for milk yield 0.395 kg/d, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) from 0.138 to 0.651 and the pooled estimate for MF was 0.282% with a 95% CI from 0.039 to 0.525. The pooled estimates for MP and ML were 0.915% and -0.183% with a 95% CI from -0.882 to 2.712 and -0.619 to 0.253, respectively. The analysis of MY (I2 = 8.26%) showed a low level of heterogeneity as did MF (I2 = 4.4%). MP had high level of heterogeneity (I2 = 97.5%), while ML had moderate heterogeneity (I2= 45.69%). Yeast use in lactating cow significantly improved milk yield and milk fat but had no significant effect on milk protein and milk lactose.
HAEMATOLOGY AND INTERNAL ORGAN WEIGHTS OF MALE WEANLING WISTAR RATS FED DIFFERENT DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCES
Authors: Okafor J. U. , Olawumi S. O. , Olanrewaju A. I. , Usman S. , Oyewole A. D. , Ogunwole O. A.
Published: December 2024

Male weanling Wistar rats (n=25) weighing 30-40g were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments in a completely randomised design to assess the haematology and organ weight changes on diets containing Casein-based diet (T1), Nitrogen-free diet (T2), Fish meal-based diet (T3), Soyabean meal-based diet (T4) and Groundnut cake-based diet (T5) for 15 days. At day 15, blood (2.5mL) was sampled from each rats (five/treatment) into a bottle with EDTA for the haematology. All the rats were thereafter sacrificed and dissected. The heart, liver, kidney, lungs and spleen removed and weighed separately. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. Respective packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin in T1 (42.0% and 13.76g/dL) and T3 (42.4% and 14.04g/dL) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in other treatments. Erythrocytes was highest (p<0.05) in T3 (7.1 x106/mm3) and lowest in T2 (5.8 x x106/mm3) (p<0.05). However, leucocytes, monocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were not significantly affected (p>0.0) by dietary treatments. The liver and spleen weights showed no significantly differences (p>0.05) across treatments. The relative heart weight (%) in T3 (0.46), T4 (0.44), T5 (0.49) were similar but significantly lower (p<0.05) than in T2 (0.51). Rats on T2 had higher kidney weight (1.19) while T1 (0.97), T3 (0.86), T4 (0.85) and T5 (1.00) were similar. Rats fed fish meal based diet showed slight improvement in haematological parameters compared to soyabean meal and groundnut cake. Therefore, dietary fishmeal was considered to be most favourable for the rat haematology. There was no visible effect of the dietary test samples on the assessed organs.
EVALUATEION OF ANTI-NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF SOME SELECTED BROWSE PODS IN A SEMI-ARID ZONE OF NIGERIA
Authors: Ubali S. , Abdurahman S. L. , Muhammad A. I. , Mustapha K. , Abubakar A. W. , Kani M. M.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to evaluate the anti-nutritional properties of four selected browse pods; Faidherbia albida, Vachellia tortilis, Acacia nilotica and Piliostigma reticulatum in a semi-arid zone of Nigeria. The browse pods were sourced from the rangelands in Jigawa and Yobe states. The results revealed significant differences (P<0.05) in the values of Oxalate, Phytate, Tannin and Saponin evaluated. The study therefore concluded that variations exist among the selected browse pods analyzed in terms of anti-nutritive properties; however they were all within the recommended requirement for ruminant nutrition and therefore recommended its use as feedstuff and its incorporation in ration formulation to curtail feed scarcity during the dry season.
LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF VIABILITY AND GERMINABILITY TESTS FOR SUGARGRAZE AND COLUMBUS GRASS SEEDS
Authors: Dahiru M. , Abdurrahaman S. L. , Muhammad A. I. , Muhammad A. S. , Kabir A. U. , Mikail Y. M.
Published: December 2024

The experiment was conducted to assess the two forage sorghum seeds viabilities and germination percentages. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Animal Science Department, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State. The experimental materials were Sugargraze seeds (had same nature with food sorghum seeds) and Columbus grass seeds (were hard with scaly coat in nature) sourced from National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) Shika, Zaria. The data collected for viability test was subjected to T-test using Microsoft excel (10th Edition) for the determination of germination percentages. The seed germination test methods (between paper method) were used; two hundred (200) seeds each of Sugargraze and Columbus grass were used, replicated ten times with twenty (20) seeds per Glass Petri dish and kept at room temperature (28 – 30 0C) for seven (7) days. Petri dishes were checked daily, counted and recorded for the sprouted seeds for determination of percentage germination rate in each replication. The results showed that the percentage germination increased significantly with increasing days of germination among all the cultivars. Columbus grass, which showed germination rates of 39.50%, 70.50%, and 81.50% at 2, 4, and 6 days, respectively, Sugargraze showed germination percentages of 58.50% and 92.50% at days 2 and 4. The whole germination time for Columbus grass seeds was 6 days, whereas Sugargraze seeds needed just 4 days. The viability of the Columbus and Sugargraze grass seeds was 81.50% and 92.50%, respectively.
COMPARATIVE HERBAGE YIELD AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF MUCUNA PRURIENS AND SPHENOSTYLIS STERNOCARPA INTERCROPPED WITH MEGATHYRSUS MAXIMUS
Authors: Omotoso S. O. , Babayemi O. J. , Ajayi F. T.
Published: December 2024

Mucuna pruriens (MP) and Sphenostylis sternocarpa (SS) are legume species potentially rich for feeding ruminants. The competition for growth resources in grass-legume intercrop can affect their yields and nutrients. Information on herbage yields and proximate content of MP and SS intercropped with Megathyrsus maximus (MM) is limited. In a randomized complete block design (r=3), MM was intercropped, with MP and SS in ratios 75MM:25MP (T1), 50MM:50MP (T2), 75MM:25SS (T3) and 50MM:50SS (T4), while MP (T5) and SS (T6) were soles. Yields and proximate contents of M. pruriens and S. sternocarpa at 8, 10 and 12 weeks of harvests were evaluated. Yields of sole M. pruriens were higher than sole S. sternocarpa and legumes from the intercrops. M. pruriens and S. sternocarpa from the intercrops (50:50), respectively, out yielded those from a 75:25 ratio. Biomass yield at week 10 was more than other harvest ages while dry matter yield of 8th week and 10th week harvests were similar. Crude Protein (CP) of M. pruriens and S. sternocarpa (21.65 and 21.34%, respectively), from sole stands were higher than the CP range (20.75-20.89%) of the legumes from the intercrops (T1, T2 and T3), except T4 (21.82%). The crude fibre (CF) of legumes for the soles and the intercrops were relatively similar. The CF of both legumes increased with advanced harvest ages, while other proximate contents declined as harvest ages increased. In conclusion, the herbage yield of M. pruriens was more than S. sternocarpa, and harvest ages influenced yields and proximate content of both legumes.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BANANA PSEUDO-STEM FERMENTED WITH PLEUROTUS TUBER-REGIUM
Authors: Giwa A. L. , Chimezie C. M. , Aboh P. C. , Okoli I. C.
Published: December 2024

The study was aimed at investigating the physicochemical changes in banana pseudo-stem (BPS) during a 20-day solid-state fermentation with Pleurotus tuber-regium . The experiment which was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD), comprised of two treatments (T1 and T2) replicated thrice. One of the portions of the dried and ground BPS was composted and inoculated with P. tuber-regium as T2 while the untreated portion referred to as T1 (control). The physicochemical characteristics were analyzed for both fermented and unfermented BPS. Data generated were analyzed using the student t-test to determine the statistical effects of the treatment. The mushroom failed to colonize the composted BPS due to the production of high levels of ammonia gas in acidic pH (5.9–6.7) of the substrate. The results revealed significant reductions (p<0.05) in Water holding capacity (WHC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), swelling capacity (SWC), crude protein (CP), Gross Energy (GE) and metabolizable energy (ME) values due to the degradation process. Similarly, the fiber fraction results showed significant reductions (p<0.05) in the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose contents of the fermented BPS. It was concluded that banana pseudo-stem may not be suited for king tuber mushroom mycelia colonization using the method described in this study. It is recommended that the composting method adopted for the banana pseudo-stem be reviewed either by extending composting period or blending with other substrates.
ORGANIC ACIDS AND ANTINUTRITIONAL CONTENTS OF CABBAGE LEAVES WASTE AND PINEAPPLE PEELS SILAGE FED TO WEST AFRICAN DWARF (WAD) GOATS
Authors: Akinkunmi A. O. , Abegunde T. O.
Published: December 2024

In Sub-Saharan Africa, the long dry season periods are usually characterized by feed scarcity with a concomitant negative impact on livestock. Ensiling vegetables with fruit trimmings and peels often regarded as waste can be explored as alternative feedstuff, particularly in the off-season. This study was conducted to assess the potential of cabbage leaves waste (CLW) ensiled with pineapple peels (PP) as feed for WAD goats. Diets consisted of the following: T1: 100% Cabbage leaves waste (CLW); T2: 90% CLW + 10% Pineapple peels (PP); T3: 80% CLW + 20% PP; T4: 70% CLW + 30% PP; T5: 60% CLW and 40% PP. The chemical composition, anti-nutrients, and organic acid contents of diets were determined. Results showed that antinutrients in diets were significantly (P<0.05) affected. Flavonoids, oxalate, phytate, and tannin values increased with increasing levels of PP in silage diets. The highest values (399.67mg/100g) were obtained for Saponin in T1 While significantly (P<0.05) lowest saponin values (358.64mg/100g) were obtained in T2. Acetic acid (mmole/100ml) ranged from 7.40 (T2) – 11.53 (T1). Lactic acid and propionic acid values for T1 and T5 were similar but higher than the values reported for T2. It is concluded that increasing levels of pineapple peels in cabbage leaves waste silage improved the organic acid contents while antinutrients remained within acceptable levels.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND KINETICS OF RUMINAL FERMENTATION OF COMPOSITE CASHEW NUTSHELL
Authors: Ogunjemite G. E. , Ibhaze G. A. , Babarinde C. A. , Binuyo F. D. , Olowoyo M. , Amure E. K. , Ateniola D. O.
Published: December 2024

In Nigeria, the major constraint to livestock production is the scarcity of quality and insufficient supply of feed throughout the year. A non-conventional feedstuff could ameliorate the limitation. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of differently treated composite cashew nut shell (CNS). The different treatment comprised raw CNS, urea, lye, microbial, boiled, roasted and poultry litter. The samples were incubated for 24 hours. The chemical composition showed that there was significant difference (p < 0.05) and the dry matter (DM) ranged from 82.24% (urea treated) to 89.35% (poultry litter treated) while the crude protein (CP) varied from 6.62% (raw) to 11.98% (lye treated). The in vitro potential gas production and degradability showed that lye treated CNS produced the highest (3.00mL) gas volume at 6 hour and also recorded the highest gas volume throughout the incubation period while the highest volume of methane gas (3.88mL) was obtained in raw CNS, the least value was observed in boiled treatment. The organic matter digestibility (OMD) (34.63%), short chain fatty acid (SCFA) (0.16 um), and metabolizable energy (ME) (4.13 Kcal/g) obtained in this study were all highest in lye treated CNS and were least (27.46%), (0.08 um) (3.38 Kcal/g) in raw CNS respectively. It can be concluded from the results of this study that cashew nut shell, if lye treated can be included in the ration of ruminants.
EFFECT OF CINNAMON POWDER SUPPLEMENTS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF YANKASA RAMS
Authors: Salisu U. S. , Garba M. G. , Murtala U. , Gaddafi S.
Published: December 2024

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of cinnamon supplement on growth performance of Yankasa Rams. A total number of sixteen (16) Yankasa grower rams with average live weight of 23kg each was randomly allotted into four dietary treatment comprises four replicates consist of four animal per treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD), were data obtained in this study were analyzed using General Linear Model of Statistical Analysis Software and Means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The growth performance result revealed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in final weight with Treatment 2 had the highest final weight. The result further revealed that Average daily gain and average feed intake were statistically (P<0.05) difference across the treatment while initial weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly (P>0.05) differences. It is therefore concluded that cinnamon supplementation have a profound effect of improving growth parameters of Yankasa rams such as final weight and average daily feed intake and it is therefore recommended cinnamon powder can be supplemented up to 15g/kg diet in Yankasa rams without deleterious effect on growth performance.
EFFECT OF YEAST (SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE) SUPPLEMENTATION ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF YANKASA RAM FED MAIZE SILAGE AND CONCENTRATE
Authors: Salisu S. G. , Hassan M. R. , Adamu H. Y. , Musa A. , Ahmed S. A. , Abdullahi U. , Umar S. J. , Abdulsalam M. , Haruna M. A. , Sadiq M. S.
Published: December 2024

A study was conducted at the Small Ruminant Unit of the National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, to determine the effect of yeast supplementation on nutrient digestibility of Yankasa ram fed maize silage and concentrate in ratio 60:40. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) in 3 replicates. The treatments consist of four (4) levels of supplementation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g/day. the study lasted for 21 days. Data was analyzed using general linear model of SAS and significant means were compared using Duncan Multiple range test (DMRT). The result of the apparent nutrient digestibility trial showed significant (p<0.05) difference on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF) and nitrogen free extract. The highest DM digestibility (p<0.05) was observed in rams fed 7.5 g/day YIL (55.02 %), followed by groups fed 0, 2.5 and 5.0 g/day YIL (53.69, 53.47 and 52.45 %, respectively) which were similar (p>0.05). Crude protein digestibility increased by 4.17 % in rams 7.5 g/day YIL (66.74 %) compared to rams on 5.0 g/day YIL (63.99 %), but statistically at par with rams on 0 and 2.5 g/day YIL (68.17 and 66.577 %, respectively). The digestibility of EE, CF and NFE were within 40.30-56.57 %, 80.93-81.97 % and 34.11-37.53 %, respectively. It was concluded that supplementation of yeast at 7.5 g/head/day improved the digestibility of crude protein by 4.17 %. Therefore, it should be supplemented to yankasaram for better digestion of nutrient and fee utilization.