bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Muscle Intracellular Ca2+ Homeostasis and Glucose Uptake: Passive Pulsatile Shear Stress Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Uryash Arkady , Umlas Jordan , Mijares Alfredo , Adams Jose A. , Lopez Jose R.
Published: September 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a significant global public health problem that has seen a substantial increase in the number of affected individuals in recent decades. In a murine model of T2D (db/db), we found several abnormalities, including aberrant intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), decreased glucose transport, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins and creatine phosphokinase (CK), and muscle weakness. Previously, we demonstrated that passive pulsatile shear stress, generated by sinusoidal (headward–forward) motion, using a motion platform that provides periodic acceleration of the whole body in the Z plane (pGz), induces the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) mediated by constitutive nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and nNOS). We investigated the effect of pGz on db/db a rodent model of T2D. The treatment of db/db mice with pGz resulted in several beneficial effects. It reduced [Ca2+]i overload; enhanced muscle glucose transport; and decreased ROS levels, interleukins, and CK. Furthermore, pGz treatment increased the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS); reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); and improved muscle strength. The cytoprotective effects of pGz appear to be mediated by NO, since pretreatment with L-NAME, a nonspecific NOS inhibitor, abolished the effects of pGz on [Ca2+]i and ROS production. Our findings suggest that a non-pharmacological strategy such as pGz has therapeutic potential as an adjunct treatment to T2D.
Recent Development and Application of “Nanozyme” Artificial Enzymes—A Review
Authors: Jeyachandran Sivakamavalli , Srinivasan Ramachandran , Ramesh Thiyagarajan , Parivallal Arumugam , Lee Jintae , Sathiyamoorthi Ezhaveni
Published: September 2023

Nanozymes represent a category of nano-biomaterial artificial enzymes distinguished by their remarkable catalytic potency, stability, cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, and degradability. These attributes position them as premier biomaterials with extensive applicability across medical, industrial, technological, and biological domains. Following the discovery of ferromagnetic nanoparticles with peroxidase-mimicking capabilities, extensive research endeavors have been dedicated to advancing nanozyme utilization. Their capacity to emulate the functions of natural enzymes has captivated researchers, prompting in-depth investigations into their attributes and potential applications. This exploration has yielded insights and innovations in various areas, including detection mechanisms, biosensing techniques, and device development. Nanozymes exhibit diverse compositions, sizes, and forms, resembling molecular entities such as proteins and tissue-based glucose. Their rapid impact on the body necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their intricate interplay. As each day witnesses the emergence of novel methodologies and technologies, the integration of nanozymes continues to surge, promising enhanced comprehension in the times ahead. This review centers on the expansive deployment and advancement of nanozyme materials, encompassing biomedical, biotechnological, and environmental contexts.
Theory of Mind and Executive Functions in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Healthy Aging
Authors: Clemente Livio , Gasparre Daphne , Alfeo Federica , Battista Fabiana , Abbatantuono Chiara , Curci Antonietta , Lanciano Tiziana , Taurisano Paolo
Published: September 2023

Social cognition involves skills for maintaining harmonious personal and social relationships throughout life. Social cognition issues, including Theory of Mind (ToM), can significantly impact the well-being of older individuals and intensify with the onset of neurological conditions. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a state between healthy and pathological neurocognitive aging, where monitoring social functions is crucial. Despite numerous studies on ToM challenges in older adults and cognitive disorders, the underlying mechanisms remain debated. Uncertainty exists regarding whether ToM deficits are related to other cognitive functions, such as Executive Functions (EFs). Our study examined the correlation between EF and ToM performance in 32 MCI patients and 36 healthy elderly controls. The findings revealed a link between EF and ToM performance among healthy elderly individuals. Specifically, within the assessed EFs, the role of the working memory (WM) emerged. The study also highlighted distinctions between the MCI group and the healthy elderly group, showing that despite a general reduction in cognitive performance, the condition could impact these abilities in different ways. The study contributes to the literature, fostering comprehension of the mechanisms underlying ToM difficulties, while also paving the way for targeted interventions and enhanced clinical or preventative care.
The Relationship between Discrepancies in Career Anchors of Information Technology Personnel and Career Satisfaction
Authors: Chang Ling-Hsing , Wu Sheng
Published: September 2023

The career anchors of information technology personnel (ITP) are critical factors influencing their career satisfaction (CS), and these factors are also influenced by national culture. Although a number of scholars have studied the internal CS of employees, these scholars have not explained how to increase the CS of ITP from both individual and organizational perspectives and to further improve the success rate of IS projects. Thus, this study adopts the goal–achievement gap (discrepancy) theory to explore the gap between the “internal career desires (career wants, CW)” and “external career opportunities (career have, CH)” of ITP in two different cultural societies, namely mainland China and the United Arab Emirates, and whether the gap impacts their CS. The data in this study were collected from the Internet. A survey was posted on Internet discussion forums for full-time ITP participants within organizations in China and the United Arab Emirates; thus, the results of this study are possibly only generalizable to these two countries. Finally, the results of this study provide the following contributions: (1) There are 13 career anchors (technical competence, managerial competence, autonomy, organizational stability, challenge, lifestyle, identity, creativity, variety, service, entrepreneurship, geographic security, and learning motivation) of ITP in China, which can be divided into three categories, and these are totally different from the four categories identified by ITP in the United Arab Emirates. (2) The surface analysis approach (RSA) to test the curvilinear relationship between the CW, CH, and CS of ITP indeed can explain more than the linear SEM (structural equation modeling) test between the CW and CS, CH, and CS separately, both tests are in two different cultural societies, China and the United Arab Emirates.
Comparing Single-Item and Multi-Item Trust Scales: Insights for Assessing Trust in Project Leaders
Authors: Castro Marcela Souto , Bahli Bouchaib , Ferreira João J. , Figueiredo Ronnie
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this research is to provide researchers and leaders with a reliable and up-to-date comparison between a single-item and a multi-item trust scale, enabling effective assessment of team members’ trust in their leaders. The aim of the study is to investigate whether a single-question scale is as reliable as a multi-item questionnaire in measuring trust. An additional goal is to provide researchers with insights and conditions for effectively using single or multiple measures to assess trust in leaders, considering factors like reliability and effectiveness. After conducting a comprehensive literature review, data were collected from 101 project members in Brazil using a survey methodology. The respondents were asked to provide feedback regarding their leaders, specifically project managers, and factor analysis was then employed to test the single-item and multi-item measures of trust. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed. The findings of our study demonstrate that both single-item and multi-item scales of trust should be utilized to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the trust construct. Single-item questionnaires can reduce survey length, improve respondent friendliness, and increase participant willingness. On the other hand, multi-item questionnaires enable researchers to analyze latent variables that contribute to an overall variable, but they cannot isolate data for each of those constructs. The results show that both measures are reliable, providing researchers and professionals with insights into the benefits and drawbacks associated with each method. Consequently, this research equips researchers and project professionals with valuable information for selecting the appropriate measurement tool.
Machine Learning-Based Cost-Effective Smart Home Data Analysis and Forecasting for Energy Saving
Authors: Park Sanguk
Published: September 2023

This study aims to enable cost-effective Internet of Things (IoT) system design by removing redundant IoT sensors through the correlation analysis of sensing data collected in a smart home environment. This study also presents a data analysis and prediction technology that enables meaningful inference through correlation analysis of data from different heterogeneous IoT sensors installed inside a smart home for energy efficiency. An intelligent service model that can be implemented based on a machine learning algorithm in a smart home environment is proposed. Herein, seven types of sensor data are collected and classified into sets of input data (six environmental data) and target data (power data of HVAC). By using the six new input data, the power data can be predicted by the artificial intelligence model. The model performance was measured using RMSE, and the gradient-boosting regressor (gb) model performed the best, with an RMSE of 22.29. Also, the importance of sensor data is extracted through correlation analysis, and sensors with low importance are removed according to the importance of sensor values. This process can reduce costs by 13%, thereby providing a design guide for a cost-effective IoT system.
Effect of Train Vibrations on the Dynamic Response of a Multi-Span Double-Curved Brick Arch Thin-Shell Factory of Changleyuan
Authors: Liu Yefeng , Si Jianhui , Zhou Yuan , Ma Peiyuan , Wang Yi , Zhou Ming , Ju Junpeng , Niu Xiaoyu
Published: September 2023

The dynamic characteristics of a multi-span double-curved brick arch thin-shell factory of Changleyuan in Baoji City and the dynamic response to train vibration load were studied using field dynamic tests and finite-element numerical simulations, and a vibration evaluation of the thin-shell factory was carried out. The results showed that the first-order frequency of the thin-shell factory was 6.24 Hz in the horizontal direction (east–west) and 9.31 Hz in the vertical direction. Moreover, it was established that the horizontal vibration is the overall vibration of the factory, while the vertical vibration is the individual vibration of the double-curved brick arch. In addition, the self-oscillation frequency obtained from the numerical simulation results was greater compared with the field measurements, with a maximum error rate of 7.14%. Both in acceleration and velocity, the vertical vibration for each measurement point was larger than the horizontal vibration, and the farther away from the railroad, the smaller the vibration. The vibration of the velocity at the bottom of the arch was almost the same as that at the top of the arch, while the acceleration vibration at the bottom of the arch was significantly larger than that at the top of the arch, with an average amplitude of 40.64%. For every 20 km/h increase in train running speed, the average increase in vertical acceleration amplitude, vertical velocity amplitude, horizontal acceleration amplitude, and horizontal velocity amplitude for each measurement point of the thin-shell factory was 35.4%, 29.8%, 23.7%, and 12.5%, respectively. When v = 150 km/h, the maximum velocity amplitude for each measurement point of the thin-shell factory was 1.163 mm/s, which is less than the security specification limit of 2.5 mm/s, such that the security of the thin-shell factory meets the requirement, and the maximum horizontal velocity amplitude was 0.272 mm/s, which is close to the integrity specification limit of 0.27 mm/s, such that the integrity of the thin-shell factory just exceeds the requirement; so it is suggested that train running speeds should not exceed 150 km/h and that the thin-shell factory needs to strengthen the monitoring and protection of its integrity.
Numerical and Theoretical Analyses of Friction-Oval Section Mild Steel Rod Composite Dampers
Authors: Yan Xueyuan , Yang Yongtai , Guo Tonghan , Lan Guoguan , Mao Huimin
Published: September 2023

In order to improve the seismic and energy dissipation capacity of the whole structure, a friction-oval section mild steel rod composite damper (FOSRCD) was proposed, and its working principle was clarified. The finite element analysis of FOSRCD was carried out, and the effects of friction, frequency and displacement on the damper performance were studied. Considering the structural characteristics of FOSRCD and the mechanical models of friction dampers and mild steel rod dampers, the restoring force model of the composite dampers was proposed and compared with the numerical simulation results. The results showed that the FOSRCDs had good performance and could provide stable energy dissipation capacities in both directions, with the energy dissipation coefficient exceeding 2.3 and the equivalent damping ratio exceeding 0.37. The theoretical analysis results were in good agreement with the numerical simulation results, which verified the theoretical restoring force model; the FOSRCDs make full use of the friction energy dissipation and the shear and bending energy dissipations of the mild steel rod. It enables the two dampers to work together to achieve the purpose of multi-stage energy dissipation. FOSRCD’s structure allows it to dissipate energy in both the X- and Y-directions. The composite dampers have a variety of restoring force models and can be utilized in a wide range of practical applications.
Response of Reinforced Concrete Beams under the Combined Effect of Cyclic Loading and Carbonation
Authors: Zhu Linxuan , Zhou Zhijun , Chen Chaoran , Wang Kangchao
Published: September 2023

To compare the deterioration mechanism of reinforced concrete beams between the combined effect of cyclic loading and carbonation and the sum of both individual factors, an optimized test procedure was introduced in this study. The macroscopic and microscopic results showed that the decrease in carbonation resistance of concrete could be attributed to the changes in pore structures and crack patterns introduced by cyclic loading. However, the carbonation process of flexural tensile concrete corresponding to different test procedures presented different trends. It indicated that the combined action of carbonation and fatigue damage was more serious than the damage caused by the effect of superposition. Finally, a theoretical carbonation model of concrete subjected to the combined damage was proposed and validated by comparing it with previous experimental results. The research findings are significant for improving the accuracy of evaluation of residual service life of reinforced concrete bridges and early warning of durability protection.
An Automated Method for Extracting and Analyzing Railway Infrastructure Cost Data
Authors: Dopazo Daniel Adanza , Mahdjoubi Lamine , Gething Bill
Published: September 2023

The capability of extracting information and analyzing it so that it is in a common format is essential for performing predictions, comparing projects through cost benchmarking, and having a deeper understanding of the project costs. However, the lack of standardization and the manual inclusion of data make this process very time-consuming, unreliable, and inefficient. To tackle this problem, a novel approach with a big impact is presented combining the benefits of data mining, statistics, and machine learning to extract and analyze the information related to railway infrastructure cost data. To validate the suggested approach, data from 23 real historical projects from the client network rail were extracted, allowing their costs to be comparable. Finally, some machine learning and data analytics methods were implemented to identify the most relevant factors allowing cost benchmarking to be performed. The presented method proves the benefits of data extraction for gathering, analyzing, and benchmarking each project in an efficient manner, and to develop a deeper understanding of the relationships and the relevant factors that matter in infrastructure costs.
Mechanical Properties and Dry–Wet Stability of Soda Residue Soil
Authors: Zhao Xiaoqing , Yang Tianfeng , Liang Teng , Zong Zhongling , Li Jiawei
Published: September 2023

To effectively utilize the effectively the solid waste-soda residue (SR) and fly ash (FA), a mixture of 70% SR, 20% FA, and 10% clay was formed to produce soda residue soil (SRS). By adding cement and/or lime, four different SRS proportions were prepared. The compaction properties, mechanical properties, and dry–wet stability. Furthermore, the mechanical mechanisms of SRS were explored, and the improvement effect and efficiency of cement and/or lime on the mechanical performance of SRS were analyzed. The results show that the SRS is lightweight and easy to compact and shape, which is conducive to construction. Compared to cement, lime has a greater impat on the compaction properties of SRS. The mechanical properties of SRS are enhanced after adding cement and/or lime; the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and resilient modulus all increase significantly. The UCS, CBR, and resilient modulus of SRS with different proportions all increase with the increase of compaction degree; the CBR and resilient modulus can meet the requirements of the subgrade, and the UCS can meet the requirements of the base and sub-base. The contribution rate of cement per unit amount is better than that of lime to the mechanical performance of SRS. As dry–wet cycles increase, the dry–wet stability of SRS with different proportions first increases and then decreases, which is affected by hydration and dry–wet deterioration together, with a critical cycle number for the strength transition. The excellent mechanical performance of SRS benefits from the gradation and chemical action. The particles of SR, FA, and clay can complement each other and perform an interlocking action. Therefore, SRS has a good gradation and forms a dense and stable structure. Also, the chemical reactions between materials are very important. The cement and/or lime have a hydration and gelling effect, FA and clay participate in pozzolanic reactions, and SR and FA have certain alkali-activated effects.
Optimum Cost Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Walls
Authors: Akis Ebru
Published: September 2023

Reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls (RCCRWs) are widely used in civil engineering projects as a common type of retaining structure. The design of these structures focuses on ensuring safety against various failure scenarios and compliance with standard building code requirements. This research aims to enhance the design process of RCCRWs by developing a specific code and optimizing it through a metaheuristic-based algorithm. In this study, the cost prediction of RCCRWs is also investigated through a parametric study involving key variables such as wall height, seismic zone, backfill material properties, and backfill inclination angle. To achieve this, non-linear regression analysis is employed to establish an empirical correlation, enabling cost estimation for optimized RCCRWs. The resulting prediction equation is simple to use, requiring only limited inputs. Therefore, it can be applied during the initial stages of a project, making a valuable contribution in determining approximate costs for RCCRW projects.
Dynamic Responses of Concrete-Face Rockfill Dam to Different Site Conditions under Near-Fault Earthquake Excitation
Authors: Zhao Mengdie , Zhang Chao , Li Xu , Zhai Ninghuan
Published: September 2023

The western region of China is rich in hydropower resources and characterized by unique geological conditions. For the construction or planned construction of high dams in this region, different types of cover layers are formed due to special geological structures, most of which are located in high seismic intensity zones. This study focuses on four different site conditions: hard ground, medium–hard ground, medium–soft ground, and weak ground. By simulating the dynamic response of concrete-face rockfill dams under near-fault earthquake excitation, the vertical settlement of the dam and the attenuation of seismic motion under different site conditions are analyzed. The research findings reveal a consistent trend where the vertical settlement of the dams progressively escalates with increasing dam height across all four site conditions. This settlement phenomenon is especially pronounced in weak ground conditions, posing a potential risk of failure. Furthermore, when subjected to near-fault pulse-type earthquake motions, the existence of weak soil layers significantly dampens the seismic forces experienced by the dam. This finding suggests that the weaker the geological conditions of the site, the more pronounced the attenuation effect of the seismic motion. Additionally, the overburden layers have a noticeable amplification effect on near-fault pulse-type earthquake motion. However, this amplification effect is not significant in weak ground, possibly due to the presence of weak soil layers restricting the propagation and amplification of seismic motion. In conclusion, these research findings have practical significance for the dynamic response of high dam construction in different site conditions in the western region of China. They provide a scientific basis for the design and construction of high dams and serve as a reference for the implementation of seismic mitigation measures and earthquake disaster prevention in engineering projects.
Numerical Analysis of the Axial-Flexural Behavior of CFST Columns with Active Transverse Prestressing
Authors: Hu Xiao , Albareda Albert , Bu Xiangbo , López-Almansa Francesc
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a numerical study on the vertical (axial) and lateral (flexure) behavior of CFST (Concrete-Filled Steel Tube) columns with active hoop prestress achieved by bolting together two steel half-tubes. Twelve prototype CFST column specimens differing in the prestressing force (three levels) and in the gravity loading ratio (four levels) are analyzed; they are selected to represent typical ground columns of mid-rise buildings. Their structural behavior is simulated with a nonlinear model implemented in Abaqus; concrete and steel behavior are described with a damage-plasticity and a plasticity model, respectively. The concrete-steel interaction is represented by a hard (compression-only) surface-to-surface contact model. The calculations involve three consecutive loading steps: (i) transverse prestress, (ii) axial force, and (iii) lateral loading (shear force and bending moment). The calculation results show that the axial-flexural capacity of the prototype CFST columns is adequate. However, the hoop prestress benefit on axial compressive performance is not outstanding because the tube transverse Poisson expansion impairs the concrete confinement. The benefit in the flexural performance is smaller, due to the lack of sectional lateral expansion during bending. Preliminary studies on mid-rise buildings equipped with the prototype CFST columns show that their gravity and wind capacities are largely enough; conversely, their seismic strength is sufficient only for moderate earthquakes.
Proximal Tibia Tumour Location and Curettage Are Major Risk Factors of Local Recurrence in Giant Cell Tumour of Bone
Authors: Mahdal Michal , Tomáš Tomáš , Apostolopoulos Vasileios , Adámková Dagmar , Múdry Peter , Staniczková Zambo Iva , Pazourek Lukáš
Published: September 2023

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is one of the most common local aggressive tumourous lesions with a wide variety of biological behaviour. However, there are no clear indicative criteria when choosing the type of procedure and the complication rates remain high, especially in terms of local recurrence. The purpose of the study was to (1) identify the main risk factors for local recurrence, (2) evaluate the recurrence-free survival in dependence on neoadjuvant denosumab use and the type of procedure, and (3) compare the functional outcomes after curettage and en bloc resection. The group included 102 patients with GCTB treated between 2006 and 2020. The mean age of patients was 34.4 years (15–79). The follow-up period was 8.32 years (2–16) on average. Local recurrence occurred in 14 patients (29.8%) who underwent curettage and in 5 patients (10.6%) after en bloc resection. Curettage was shown to be a factor in increasing recurrence rates (OR = 3.64 [95% CI: 1.19–11.15]; p = 0.023). Tibial location was an independent risk factor for local recurrence regardless of the type of surgery (OR = 3.22 [95% CI: 1.09–9.48]; p = 0.026). The recurrence-free survival rate of patients treated with resection and denosumab was higher compared to other treatments at five years postoperatively (p = 0.0307). Functional ability and pain as reported by patients at the latest follow-up were superior after curettage compared to resection for upper and lower extremity (mean difference: −4.00 [95% CI: –6.81 to −1.18]; p < 0.001 and mean difference: −5.36 [95% CI: −3.74 to −6.97]; p < 0.001, respectively). Proximal tibia tumour location and curettage were shown to be major risk factors for local recurrence in GCTB regardless of neoadjuvant denosumab treatment. The recurrence-free survival rate of patients treated with resection and denosumab was higher compared to other treatments. The functional outcome of patients after curettage was better compared to en bloc resection.
Image-Guided Precision Medicine in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas
Authors: Gabiache Gildas , Zadro Charline , Rozenblum Laura , Vezzosi Delphine , Mouly Céline , Thoulouzan Matthieu , Guimbaud Rosine , Otal Philippe , Dierickx Lawrence , Rousseau Hervé , Trepanier Christopher , Dercle Laurent , Mokrane Fatima-Zohra
Published: September 2023

In this comprehensive review, we aimed to discuss the current state-of-the-art medical imaging for pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) diagnosis and treatment. Despite major medical improvements, PPGLs, as with other neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), leave clinicians facing several challenges; their inherent particularities and their diagnosis and treatment pose several challenges for clinicians due to their inherent complexity, and they require management by multidisciplinary teams. The conventional concepts of medical imaging are currently undergoing a paradigm shift, thanks to developments in radiomic and metabolic imaging. However, despite active research, clinical relevance of these new parameters remains unclear, and further multicentric studies are needed in order to validate and increase widespread use and integration in clinical routine. Use of AI in PPGLs may detect changes in tumor phenotype that precede classical medical imaging biomarkers, such as shape, texture, and size. Since PPGLs are rare, slow-growing, and heterogeneous, multicentric collaboration will be necessary to have enough data in order to develop new PPGL biomarkers. In this nonsystematic review, our aim is to present an exhaustive pedagogical tool based on real-world cases, dedicated to physicians dealing with PPGLs, augmented by perspectives of artificial intelligence and big data.
Daratumumab, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone for Treatment of Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma and Severe Renal Impairment: Results from the Phase 2 GMMG-DANTE Trial
Authors: Leypoldt Lisa B. , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Besemer Britta , Salwender Hans , Raab Marc S. , Nogai Axel , Khandanpour Cyrus , Runde Volker , Jauch Anna , Zago Manola , Martus Peter , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Bokemeyer Carsten , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Weisel Katja C.
Published: September 2023

Renal function impairment (RI) is a common complication in multiple myeloma (MM). However, limited data exist on the safety and efficacy of anti-MM regimens in patients with severe RI, as these patients are frequently excluded from clinical trials. This investigator-initiated multicentric phase II GMMG-DANTE trial evaluated daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (DVd) in relapsed or refractory (r/r) MM patients with severe RI. r/rMM patients with ≥1 prior treatment line and a GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 or undergoing hemodialysis were eligible and received eight cycles of DVd followed by daratumumab maintenance. The trial closed prematurely after 22/36 planned patients. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Median age of patients was 70 (range 55–89) years, with a median GFR of 20.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 (interquartile range, 9.4–27.3 mL/min/1.73 m2), and eight patients under hemodialysis. Median number of prior lines was two (range 1–10). The trial was successful, albeit with premature termination, as it met its primary endpoint, with an ORR of 67% (14/21). The rates of partial response, very good partial response, and complete response were 29%, 29%, and 10%, respectively (n = 6, 6, and 2). Fourteen patients (67%) achieved renal response. After median follow-up of 28 months, median progression-free survival was 10.4 months; median overall survival was not reached. Higher-grade toxicity was mainly hematologic, and non-hematologic toxicities ≥Grade 3 were mostly infections (24%). The prospective GMMG-DANTE trial investigating DVd exclusively in r/rMM patients with severe RI showed efficacy and safety to be comparable to data from patients without RI.
The Era of Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The New Mission and Challenges of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Chen Yidi , Yang Chongtu , Sheng Liuji , Jiang Hanyu , Song Bin
Published: September 2023

In recent years, significant advancements in immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have shown the potential to further improve the prognosis of patients with advanced HCC. However, in clinical practice, there is still a lack of effective biomarkers for identifying the patient who would benefit from immunotherapy and predicting the tumor response to immunotherapy. The immune microenvironment of HCC plays a crucial role in tumor development and drug responses. However, due to the complexity of immune microenvironment, currently, no single pathological or molecular biomarker can effectively predict tumor responses to immunotherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images provide rich biological information; existing studies suggest the feasibility of using MRI to assess the immune microenvironment of HCC and predict tumor responses to immunotherapy. Nevertheless, there are limitations, such as the suboptimal performance of conventional MRI sequences, incomplete feature extraction in previous deep learning methods, and limited interpretability. Further study needs to combine qualitative features, quantitative parameters, multi-omics characteristics related to the HCC immune microenvironment, and various deep learning techniques in multi-center research cohorts. Subsequently, efforts should also be undertaken to construct and validate a visual predictive tool of tumor response, and assess its predictive value for patient survival benefits. Additionally, future research endeavors must aim to provide an accurate, efficient, non-invasive, and highly interpretable method for predicting the effectiveness of immune therapy.
Treatment of Textile Wastewater by a Novel Clay/TiO2/ZnO-Based Catalyst, Applying a Synergic Catalytic Ozonation–Electroflocculation Process
Authors: Jamil Tayyaba , Yasin Saima , Ramzan Naveed , Aslam Zaheer , Ikhlaq Amir , Qazi Umair Yaqub , Javaid Rahat
Published: September 2023

This study aims to investigate the treatment of real textile wastewater using a novel bentonite clay/TiO2/ZnO-based ozonation catalyst. In this study, synergic electroflocculation/catalytic ozonation, catalytic ozonation, and ozonation processes are applied in a modified hybrid reactor. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first application of bentonite clay/TiO2/ZnO as an ozonation catalyst for treating real textile wastewater. The four operational variables—ozone dose (0.2–0.8 mg/min), reaction time (0–120 min), DC voltage supply (5–15 V), and catalyst dose (0.5–2 g/L)—were studied for decolorization and for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results showed that the combined process (electroflocculation + clay/TiO2/ZnO/O3) had the highest removal efficiencies for COD and color (97.86% and 97.90%, respectively) at optimum parameters of 10 DC volts. an ozone dose of 0.8 mg/min, and a catalyst dose of 2 g/L in textile wastewater. The results further revealed that the initial pH of wastewater plays an essential role in the process’s overall performance. The studied synergic process was efficient for real wastewater treatment under alkaline pH (6–9). Based on empirical work, we established that the synergic process is suitable for effectively treating textile wastewater.
Total Catalytic Oxidation of Ethanol over MnCoAl Mixed Oxides Derived from Layered Double Hydroxides: Effect of the Metal Ratio and the Synthesis Atmosphere Conditions
Authors: Tannous Mariebelle , Bounoukta Charf Eddine , Siffert Stéphane , Poupin Christophe , Cousin Renaud
Published: September 2023

In this work, the LDH approach was used to prepare MnCoAl mixed oxides with various textural and structural frameworks for the purpose of enhancing the total oxidation of ethanol. Our results showed that the catalytic activity of the MnCoAl oxides was influenced by the Mn/Co ratio and the gas atmosphere used during synthesis and thermal treatment. Rietveld refinement was processed to estimate the proportion of phases presented in the prepared materials. Our findings indicated that the generation of Mn2CoO4 spinel and Mn5O8 lamellar phases improved the redox properties and enhanced the active sites in the MnCoAl oxides. Notably, we observed that the catalytic activity at low temperatures of the catalyst increased with the decrease in the cobalt amount. It was also demonstrated that using an N2 atmosphere during the preparation of the materials is a promising route to prevent the formation of undesirable phases in the LDHs and their corresponding oxides. The presence of an O2-free atmosphere during the LDH synthesis positively affects the total ethanol transformation to CO2 over the oxide catalysts.
Nitrogen-Doped Nickel Selenium Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cai Chen , Gao Cunyuan , Lin Shuai , Cai Bin
Published: September 2023

Transition metal selenides have garnered considerable attention in the field of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, their OER performances still lag behind those of Ir-based materials due to limited exposed active sites, inefficient electron transfer and inadequate stability. In this study, we have successfully synthesized nitrogen-doped NiSe2 nanosheets, which exhibit high efficiency and long-term stability for the OER, requiring only 320 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The nitrogen doping plays a crucial role in effectively regulating the work function and semiconductor characteristics of NiSe2, which facilitates the electron transport and optimizes the catalytic sites. Furthermore, the NiSe2 nanosheets present a larger surface area with more exposed active sites, thus resulting in exceptional OER catalytic activity. The nitrogen-doped NiSe2 nanosheets also display superior stability, maintaining a sustained current density throughout an 8-h OER operation.
Insight and Recommendations for Fragile X-Premutation-Associated Conditions from the Fifth International Conference on FMR1 Premutation
Authors: Tassone Flora , Protic Dragana , Allen Emily Graves , Archibald Alison D. , Baud Anna , Brown Ted W. , Budimirovic Dejan B. , Cohen Jonathan , Dufour Brett , Eiges Rachel , Elvassore Nicola , Gabis Lidia V. , Grudzien Samantha J. , Hall Deborah A. , Hessl David , Hogan Abigail , Hunter Jessica Ezzell , Jin Peng , Jiraanont Poonnada , Klusek Jessica , Kooy R. Frank , Kraan Claudine M. , Laterza Cecilia , Lee Andrea , Lipworth Karen , Losh Molly , Loesch Danuta , Lozano Reymundo , Mailick Marsha R. , Manolopoulos Apostolos , Martinez-Cerdeno Veronica , McLennan Yingratana , Miller Robert M. , Montanaro Federica Alice Maria , Mosconi Matthew W. , Potter Sarah Nelson , Raspa Melissa , Rivera Susan M. , Shelly Katharine , Todd Peter K. , Tutak Katarzyna , Wang Jun Yi , Wheeler Anne , Winarni Tri Indah , Zafarullah Marwa , Hagerman Randi J.
Published: September 2023

The premutation of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene is characterized by an expansion of the CGG trinucleotide repeats (55 to 200 CGGs) in the 5’ untranslated region and increased levels of FMR1 mRNA. Molecular mechanisms leading to fragile X-premutation-associated conditions (FXPAC) include cotranscriptional R-loop formations, FMR1 mRNA toxicity through both RNA gelation into nuclear foci and sequestration of various CGG-repeat-binding proteins, and the repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN)-initiated translation of potentially toxic proteins. Such molecular mechanisms contribute to subsequent consequences, including mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death. Clinically, premutation carriers may exhibit a wide range of symptoms and phenotypes. Any of the problems associated with the premutation can appropriately be called FXPAC. Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI), and fragile X-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (FXAND) can fall under FXPAC. Understanding the molecular and clinical aspects of the premutation of the FMR1 gene is crucial for the accurate diagnosis, genetic counseling, and appropriate management of affected individuals and families. This paper summarizes all the known problems associated with the premutation and documents the presentations and discussions that occurred at the International Premutation Conference, which took place in New Zealand in 2023.
Cell–Cell and Cell–Matrix Interactions at the Presumptive Stem Cell Niche of the Chick Corneal Limbus
Authors: Bains Kiranjit K. , Young Robert D. , Koudouna Elena , Lewis Philip N. , Quantock Andrew J.
Published: September 2023

(1) Background: Owing to its ready availability and ease of acquisition, developing chick corneal tissue has long been used for research purposes. Here, we seek to ascertain the three-dimensional microanatomy and spatiotemporal interrelationships of the cells (epithelial and stromal), extracellular matrix, and vasculature at the corneo-scleral limbus as the site of the corneal stem cell niche of the chicken eye. (2) Methods: The limbus of developing (i.e., embryonic days (E) 16 and 18, just prior to hatch) and mature chicken eyes was imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the volume electron microscopy technique, serial-block face SEM (SBF-SEM), the latter technique allowing us to generate three-dimensional reconstructions from data sets of up to 1000 serial images; (3) Results: Data revealed that miniature limbal undulations of the embryonic basement membrane, akin to Palisades of Vogt (PoV), matured into distinct invaginations of epithelial cells that extended proximally into a vascularized limbal stroma. Basal limbal epithelial cells, moreover, occasionally exhibited a high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, which is a characteristic feature of stem cells. SBF-SEM identified direct cell–cell associations between corneal epithelial and stromal cells at the base of structures akin to limbal crypts (LCs), with cord-like projections of extracellular matrix extending from the basal epithelial lamina into the subjacent stroma, where they made direct contact with stomal cells in the immature limbus. (4) Conclusion: Similarities with human tissue suggest that the corneal limbus of the mature chicken eye is likely the site of a corneal stem cell niche. The ability to study embryonic corneas pre-hatch, where we see characteristic niche-like features emerge, thus provides an opportunity to chart the development of the limbal stem cell niche of the cornea.
Compositionally Disordered Ceramic (Gd,Y,Tb,Ce)3Al2Ga3O12 Phosphor for an Effective Conversion of Isotopes’ Ionizing Radiation to Light
Authors: Korzhik Mikhail V. , Karpyuk Petr V. , Bondarau Aliaksei G. , Lelecova Daria E. , Mechinsky Vitaly A. , Pustovarov Vladimir , Retivov Vasilii , Smyslova Valentina G. , Tavrunov Dmitry , Yanushevich Denis N.
Published: September 2023

Compositionally disordered crystalline material (Gd,Y,Tb,Ce)3Al2Ga3O12 was demonstrated to be a highly effective converter of corpuscular ionizing radiation into light. The material was found to be radiation-tolerant to an intense 10 MeV electron beam and had a low temperature dependence on light yield. These findings open an opportunity to utilize the developed material to create long-living, high-flux sources of optical photons under the irradiation of isotope sources. Besides the purposes of the measurement of ionizing radiation by the scintillation method in a harsh irradiation environment, this puts forward the exploiting of the developed material for indirect isotope voltaic batteries and the consideration of a photon engine for travel beyond the solar system, where solar wind force becomes negligible.
More Than Three Years for Normalisation of Routine Laboratory Values after Gluten Withdrawal in Paediatric Coeliac Patients
Authors: Ventura Ignacio , Rodriguez Belén , Suescum Sandra , Revert Fernando , Revert-Ros Francisco , Moreno María Antonia , Prieto-Ruiz Jesús A. , Pérez-Bermejo Marcelino
Published: September 2023

The assessment of the nutritional and inflammatory status of paediatric patients with coeliac disease is an interesting approach to early diagnosis and functional follow-up. Most authors agree that the normalisation of symptoms takes about one year. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical manifestation and normalisation of routine analytics in Spanish children diagnosed with celiac disease. Methods: We performed a retrospective case–control study in Spanish paediatric patients, including 21 celiac patients and 20 healthy controls. The 21 patients selected in the case–control study were followed for 5 years after starting a gluten-free diet (GFD). All patients had type 3 villous atrophy according to the Marsh–Oberhuber classification. A total of 39 blood samples were taken before the start of the GFD, and 109 were taken after. Twenty control sera from healthy donors were used for comparison. Results: We found that patients had a subclinical but statistically significant increase in blood calcium, transaminases, and white blood cells, and a decrease in serum iron, at the time of diagnosis. Our study also shows that analytical values normalise within five years on a gluten-free diet. Conclusions: The use of a combination of subclinical changes, including low iron, high calcium, elevated leukocytes, lymphocytes, and ALT levels in blood samples, together with a low growth percentile, is pertinent in detecting coeliac disease. This set of parameters could help in the diagnosis of patients without clinical symptoms. We can also show that the levels of Fe, Ca, transaminases, and leucocytes remain subclinically altered after 3 years, despite the gluten-free diet.
Unraveling the Potential of Isorhamnetin as an Adjuvant in Depression Treatment with Escitalopram
Authors: Gammoh Omar , Qnais Esam Y. , Athamneh Rabaa Y. , Al-Jaidi Bilal , Al-Tawalbeh Deniz , Altaber Sara , Alqudah Abdelrahim , Aljabali Alaa A. A. , Tambuwala Murtaza M.
Published: September 2023

Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in depression. While selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like escitalopram are commonly prescribed as first-line treatments, their inconsistent efficacy and delayed onset of action necessitates the exploration of adjunctive therapies. Isorhamnetin, a flavonol, has shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that makes exploring its antidepressant effect attractive. This study aims to investigate the adjuvant potential of isorhamnetin in combination with escitalopram to enhance its antidepressant efficacy in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression model using Swiss albino mice. Behavioral paradigms, such as the forced swim test and open field test, were employed to assess depressive symptoms, locomotion, and sedation. Additionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were utilized to measure Nrf2, BDNF, HO-1, NO, and IL-6 levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The results demonstrate that isorhamnetin significantly improves the antidepressant response of escitalopram, as evidenced by reduced floating time in the forced swim test. Moreover, isorhamnetin enhanced antidepressant effects of escitalopram and effectively restored depleted levels of Nrf2, BDNF, and HO-1 in the cortex caused by LPS-induced depression. Isorhamnetin shows promise in enhancing the efficacy of conventional antidepressant therapy through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
An Overview of Systemic Targeted Therapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma, with a Focus on Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma and Brain Metastases
Authors: Semenescu Liliana Eleonora , Kamel Amira , Ciubotaru Vasile , Baez-Rodriguez Silvia Mara , Furtos Mircea , Costachi Alexandra , Dricu Anica , Tătăranu Ligia Gabriela
Published: September 2023

The most commonly diagnosed malignancy of the urinary system is represented by renal cell carcinoma. Various subvariants of RCC were described, with a clear-cell type prevailing in about 85% of all RCC tumors. Patients with metastases from renal cell carcinoma did not have many effective therapies until the end of the 1980s, as long as hormonal therapy and chemotherapy were the only options available. The outcomes were unsatisfactory due to the poor effectiveness of the available therapeutic options, but then interferon-alpha and interleukin-2 showed treatment effectiveness, providing benefits but only for less than half of the patients. However, it was not until 2004 that targeted therapies emerged, prolonging the survival rate. Currently, new technologies and strategies are being developed to improve the actual efficacy of available treatments and their prognostic aspects. This article summarizes the mechanisms of action, importance, benefits, adverse events of special interest, and efficacy of immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma, with a focus on brain metastases.