bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Clinical and Radiologic Evaluation of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Unilateral Laminotomy and Bilateral Decompression in Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yin Jianjian , Ma Tao , Gao Gongming , Chen Qi , Nong Luming
Published: March 2024

Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in radiologic parameters and clinical outcomes following unilateral biportal endoscopic unilateral laminotomy and bilateral decompression (UBE ULBD) for treatment of central lumbar spinal stenosis.

Methods Forty-one central lumbar spinal stenosis patients who underwent UBE ULBD were enrolled from April 2021 to February 2023. Visual analog scale (VAS) for back pain and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, and the modified MacNab criteria were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. The preoperative and postoperative cross-sectional area of the spinal canal (CSAC), anteroposterior diameter, horizontal width, and ipsilateral and contralateral lateral recess height were calculated from axial computed tomography (CT) scans. Percentage of facet joint preservation measured on axial CT scans was obtained preoperation and postoperation.

Results The VAS for back and leg pain improved from 7.24 ± 0.80 and 7.59 ± 0.59 preoperatively to 2.41 ± 0.55 and 2.37 ± 0.62 (p < 0.05) postoperatively and 1.37 ± 0.54 and 1.51 ± 0.55 at the last follow-up (p < 0.05). For ODI, improvement from 60.37 ± 4.44 preoperatively to 18.90 ± 4.66 (p < 0.05) at the last follow-up was observed. CT scans demonstrated that the postoperative CSAC increased significantly from 287.84 ± 87.81 to 232.97 ± 88.42 mm (p < 0.05). The mean postoperative anteroposterior diameter and horizontal width increased significantly from 18.01 ± 3.13 and 19.57 ± 3.80 to 22.19 ± 4.56 and 21.04 ± 3.72 mm, respectively (p < 0.05). The ipsilateral lateral recess height and contralateral lateral recess height were 3.39 ± 1.12 and 3.20 ± 1.14 mm preoperatively and 4.03 ± 1.37 and 3.83 ± 1.32 mm (p < 0.05) postoperatively, with significant differences. The ipsilateral and contralateral facet joint preservations were 88.17 and 93.18%, respectively.

Conclusion The UBE ULBD surgery is a safe and effective treatment for central lumbar spinal stenosis, associated with significant improvement in clinical outcomes and radiologic parameters. Studies with larger samples and longer follow-up periods are needed for further research.
Marjolin's Ulcer (A Study of 40 Cases)
Authors: Tripathi F. M. , Khanna Mrs. S. , Khanna N. N. , Sinha J. K. , Bhattacharya V. , Bariar L. M.
Published: March 2024

Present series is based on 40 cases of histologically proved Marjolin's ulcer, attending Plastic Surgery Service of University Hospital B. H. U. over a period of 8 years. This tumour is fairly common in this part of India. Adolescents and adult males are commonly affected by this disease. Limbs, especially around joints are the commonest site of involvement. Marjolin's ulcer is rather slow growing malignant tumour mostly over unstable scar of burns, which is not primarily grafted. The lag period in present series is 17 years and lymph node metastasis is less common and distant metastasis is rare. Squamous cell carcinoma is the commonest histologic type and majority of patients have been treated by surgery.

Celsus in the first century A.D. was the first man to describe malignant degeneration in a burn scar, however, the term Marjolin's ulcer was given to the carcinoma arising in post traumatic scar which was described for the first time by Jean-Nicholas Marjolin in the year 1828. Since then the term Marjolin's ulcer has been used for the malignant degeneration in chronic ulcers of the skin, sinuses as well as burn scars. Though the lesion described by Marjolin was not thought to be malignant by Marjolin himself, it was identified as malignant by Smith in 1850 and Da Costa (1903) used the term ‘Marjolin's ulcer’ for all such malignant lesions.
Reconstruction Of Upper Lid (A Case Report)
Authors: Khan Prof. Masood Hasan , Haider Dr. Mrs. T. Z.
Published: March 2024

Infra orbital flap can be utilized directly for partial and total upper lid losses in old persons where the skin is loose and elastic.
Muscle Transposition in Exposed Tibia
Authors: Gill S. S. , Bahadur Raj , Nagi O. N.
Published: March 2024

Muscle Transposition along with immediate or delayed fresh split skin grafting has been contemplated in fifteen cases of open fractures of the leg bones where the tibia was exposed. The resuits of this procedure are satisfactory and are usually better in those cases where muscle transposition and skin grafting were done at the first stage. Minor complications like partial necrosis of the skin graft and muscle atrophy has been observed in few cases.
A Method of Managing Electrical Injury Around Oral Cavity
Authors: Bhattacharya V. , Sinha J. K. , Tripathi F. M.
Published: March 2024

This case report illustrates one of the methods for the management of deformities caused by electrical contact around mouth. The lip was advanzad for the reconstruction of oral sphincter. The chin defect was covered by a cervical transposition cum rotation flap.
Management of Postburn Contracture Neck Using Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap
Authors: Bhattacharya Dr. V. , Sinha Dr. J. K. , Tripathi Dr. F. M. , Das Dr. J. M.
Published: March 2024

The use of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for the management of post-burn contracture of neck is described. Its merits and demerits are discussed.
Laser Treatment of Cutaneous Vascular Anomalies and Pigmented Lesions
Authors: Mishra Mithilesh J. , Alani Hashim
Published: March 2024

A total of 232 patients with portwine stains and totoos were examined from 1978 to 1982. One-hundren-seventeen patients were subjected to the test dose of laser to evaluate the initial result and applicability for further treatment. Twenty-five patients were discarded for treatment. A total of 92 patients, 48 patients with hemangiomas, 32 with tattoos, 10 with nevi and 2 patients with multiple warts, were treated with excellent results.
Blood Groups in Carcinomas of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Gupta Y. N. , Gupta Saroj , Gupta O. P. , Khanna N. N.
Published: March 2024

Distribution of ABO blood groups, their relative frequencies and statistical significance in relation to controls had been done in 172 patients of carcinomas of the oral cavity. In general oral malignancies were found to be statistically significantly high in blood group B (P <0.001), while considering the individual sites, the predilaction was also found significant in carcinemas of tongue and alveolus.
Reconstruction Of The Thumb (Study of 100 Cases)
Authors: Shah Dr. Ashok C. , Mahaluxmivala Dr. S. M.
Published: March 2024

We have evaluated 100 cases with particular emphasis on tip losses and total thumb loss. Various methods and follow up of partial thumb reconstruction and total thumb reconstruction are discussed.

If necessary patients arve referred to physiotherapy and occupational therapy.

We are thankful to Dr. B. R. Kalke, Dean. T. N. Medical College and B. Y. L. Nair Hospital, Bombay for his kind pernrission to use the hospital records and publish this paper.
“Ulner Bone Graft For Nasal Reconstruction”
Authors: Sharma R. N.
Published: March 2024

Four patients undergoing nasal skeletal reconstruction with ulner bone graft are reviewed. The rationale for the use of ulner bone graft is discussed and it is observed that ulner hone grafts give better results in reconstructing the skeletal defects of the nose.
A Lined Preptial Flap For Uretheral Fistula Closure
Authors: Bhatnagar Dr. S. K.
Published: March 2024

This technique which details the use of lined perpuceal flap for the closure of uretheral fistula has been outlined here. Operative details and results have been discussed in details.
Biomechanics Of Rhombic Flap*
Authors: Chandra Dr. Ramesh , Singh Dr. Arun Kumar
Published: March 2024

An attempt has been made to understand Limberg's design of rhombic flap by use of paper models and, on canine skin, where vector forces have been studied. Trignometric analysis has also been done.

Alexander A. Limberg has worked extensively on skin flaps, His work on ‘Z’ plasty is monumental, While working on plastic interchange of triangular flaps he devised a rhombic flap, later, which was popularised by his name.

rhombus is a paralielogram with equal sides, and equal opposite angles.1 Adjacent angles sum 180 degrees. Limberg's flap is applicable for such rhombic defects. To constructthe flap, short diagonal of defect is extended in one direction by its length. Third side of the flap is created from the end of this line, parallel and equal to one of the adjacent sides of the defect. Whole flap is elevated and transposed into the defect (Fig. 1).

The study aims at attaining better understanding biomechanics of Limberg's flap, so that it can be optimally utilised in clinical situations, It involves making models of flap on sponge and paper. Rhombic defects are created on animal skin and Limberg's flap was used to resurface it. Study of vectors was done while transposing the flap. Finally, theoretical basis of flap design has been dealt with.
RECONSTRUCTION OF SUBSTANTIAL EYELID DEFECT
Authors: GUPTA R. L. , MINHAS S. S. , NEGI S. C.
Published: March 2024

Sixteen cases of eyelid tumour excision and reconstruction are received. The skin flaps from cheek, nasolabial and forehead regions were used. The skeletal support was given by composite chondromucosal nasal septum graft. Mustarde cheek rotation technique and fricke flap were found to give satisfactory functional and cosmetic results. None of the structures of upper eye1id were used for lower eyelid, for the fear of distortion of the functionally important upper eyelid.
PALATOPLASTY FOR HORSE SHOE CLEFTS THE MEDIAN PALATAL MUCOPERIOSTEAL FLAP TECHNIQUE
Authors: APPUKUTTAN P. K. , RAMAN M. V. , PADMAKUMAR G.
Published: March 2024

A new technique of palatoplasty in horse-shoe clefts in 11 cases is presented. A Median mucoperiosteal flap has been used to minimise tension on the nasal layer. As a result of this fistula formation has never occurred. Adequate retropositioning could not be obtained in one case out of the 11 cases in the present series.
DISTAL OEDEMA FOLLOWING CIRCUMFERENTIAL SKIN LOSS OF LEGS
Authors: Sawhney Chander Parkash
Published: March 2024

Oedema distal to circumferential skin loss of leg even after skin coverage is very disabling. 12 cases of circumferential skin loss of leg at various levels have been studied. RI131 HSA clearance and NaI131 clearance studies has been carried out in all cases immedialely after skin coverage and at follow up, 6 months to 2 years laler. Venography and lymphangiogmphy were done whether indicated. Lymphatic obstruction was a conslant finding in all patients, irrespective of the site involvement. Venous obstruction is evident only in those with involvement of lower third or whole of the leg or when there is associated deep vein thrombosis. Wearing of continuous external elastic support during ambulation or use of full thickness skin flap bridging the area of skin loss keeps oedema under control.
RECONSTRUCTION OF HALF THE FACE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: DAVER B. M.
Published: March 2024

A case of extensive acid burns of the face reconstructed by conventional means has been presented. These well established methods have many advantages over newer methods and are recommended, especially in developing countries. The cosmetic and functional result has been gratifying and the patient is well rehabilitated.
IMMEDIATE RECONSTRUCTION OF CHEEK AND MANDIBI USING CERVICO-PECTORAL FLAP AND RIB GRAFT: A CASE REPORT
Authors: KASHALIKAR J. J.
Published: March 2024

An operation for one stage excision and radical neck dissection for carcinoma cheek and immediate reconstruction using cervico-pectoral rotation flap, rib graft and split skin graft is described and its advantages are discussed.
THE OBLIQUE FACIAL CLEFT—A REPORT OF 4 CASES
Authors: SHARMA RAJENDRA NATH
Published: March 2024

The oblique facial clefts are quite rare. 4 such cases are being presented in this paper alongwith review of the literature.
TENSOR FASCIA LATA CROSS THIGH MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP FOR HEEL RESURFACING
Authors: SAHAI RAHUL
Published: March 2024

Heel resurfacing by cross thigh Tensor Facia Lata myocutaneous flap successfully performed in three cases of extensive soft tissue defects has been pre rented.

It's an excellent procedure for extensive defects of heel where local myocutaneous flaps from sole may fall short or where the posterior tibial vessels are damaged. It is also a good alternative for heel reconstruction where microsurgical facilities for free flap transfer are not available.
SUGARCANE CRUSHING MACHINE INJURIES-MECHANISM OF INJURY, CLASSIFICATION & MANAGEMENT
Authors: Rajput R J , Daver B M
Published: March 2024

Sugarcane crushing machine injuries are common throughout India. Based on the observation on 53 sugarcane machine injuries to the hand over a period of 2 years, the mechanism of injury has been elucidated. A classification has been proposed and treatment guidelines have been given.
SPEECH QUALITY AFTER GLOSSECTOMY
Authors: Vijaykumar D K , Sasidharan P , Cherian T , Rajshekar B
Published: March 2024

This study is an attempt to assess speech disability following glossectomy and primary reconstruction in patients vvith locally advanced carcinoma tongue. Twenty nine patients vvho undcrvvent glossectomy involving removal of 50% or more of the tongue followed by reconstruction were assessed using screening articulation tests, standardized passages, word lists and conversation samples in Kannada and tvlalayalanl languages. Objective quantification of speech was carried out by assessing the tvvo psychoa-coustic parameters, intelligibility and acceptability of speech. Intelligibility was calculated in percentage as the number of words intelligible to the listener from a prepared word list. Acceptability was rated on a one to five scale by the speech pathologists. This study revealed that intelligibility and acceptability were not always directly proportional to the amount of tongue removed. The other factors found to influence the intelligibility were preservation of the mandible and timing of radiotherapy in relation to surgery. This score gives us an objective index to assess the functional outcome of surgery.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THERMAL BURNS IN ADULT FEMALES IN A BURNS UNIT OF MUMBAI
Authors: Bhaskara K G , Rana R E , Puri V
Published: March 2024

This is a prospective study of 238 adult females of thermal burns admitted in the burns ward of KEM Hospital, Mumbai over a period of 16 months (from August 1997 to November 1998). Mean age was 25 years with a range of 12 to 70 years. Paediatric burns (below the age of of 12 years) were not included in the study. Flame burns accounted for 94.5% and scalds 5.4%. Majority were accidental (77.7%) followed by suicidal (21%) and homicidal (1.3%) burns. Over all mortality was 61.76%. TBSA of burns was the main factor influencing the survival.
PRIMARY CLOSURE OF PRESSURE ULCERS REVISITED
Authors: Kumar P , Bhaskara K G , Chittoria R
Published: March 2024

A total of 20 paraplegic patients with pressure ulcers under this study constituted of ten ischial, eight trochanteric and two sacral sorES. Basic principles of conservative management laid down were strictly followed. After excision of the ulcers, the wounds were primarily closed. Maximum size of the pressure ulcer under this study was 10 × 8 cm.

Five patients lost to follow up. Remaining fifteen patients were followed for 6 months to 5 years, and in one patient recurrence was noticed. The most common complication noticed during the study was infection (20%) followed by partial wound dehisence (15%). Recurrence was noticed in one case.
Effect of Topical Atropine on Wound Contraction in Swiss Albino Mice : A preliminary report
Authors: Kumar P , Jagetia G C
Published: March 2024

The influence of topical application of atropine ointment was studied in artificially wounded Swiss albino mice. Full thickness excision wounds were made surgically on the dorsum of mice. One mm thick layer of atropine ointment was applied topically on the whole area of wound daily, till the healing of wound. The topical application of atropine ointment significantly delayed the contraction of wound in the atropine treated group when compared with the untreated controls. There was a significant delay in the mean wound healing time (HTM) in the atropine treated group when compared to untreated control group.
Mandibular Splint: Correction of Jaw Deviation following Hemimandibulectomy
Authors: Karna R K , Vijaykumar D K , Kanade R V , Cherian T
Published: March 2024

Nineteen patients who underwent hemimandibulectomy with PMMC flap reconstruction as a part of the treatment for residual or recurrent oral cancer following radical radiotherapy participated in the study. Sixty eight percent of the patients vv-ere edentulous. The parameters measured during follow-up included the degree of correction of deviation, cosmetic appearance & patient satisfaction. Complete correction of jaw deviation was achieved in eight patients. In five patients, the deviation was partially corrected but the patients were not satisfied with the cosmetic appearance. In one case no change was observed. The mandibular splint was found to be a useful tool for the correction of jaw deviation following hemimandibulectomy, especially in edentulous patients.
Median Cleft of Lower Lip and Mandible: A Case Report
Authors: Tiwari V K , Pande S
Published: March 2024

A rare case of complete midline mandibular cleft involving lower lip, floor of mouth, base of tongue and anterior neck is being reported after satisfactory completion of first stage of reconstruction. Repair included the management of ankyloglossia by separation of tip of tongue from the floor of mouth and closure by mucosal flap from cleft site and repair of cleft lip and soft tissue of chin and neck by Z-plasty.
Anthropometry: Lip - Nose Complex
Authors: Prasad N N , Reddy D VR
Published: March 2024

Five hundred normal individuals of different age groups from Andra Pradesh (India) were included in the present study. Various dimentions of the lip-nose complex was measured. The results were compared wiill tllat oft~ egroes, Caucasians a..~d Chinese. In the population under study lip-nose complex measurements closely resemble Chinese lip-nose complex measurements in all dimensions except in columellar height, which resembles Caucasians.
An Unusual Presentation of Rhinophyma as Heminose Hypertrophy
Authors: Kumar P , Ohri M
Published: March 2024

An unusual case of rhinophyma in a 20-year-old male presenting as hemi-nose hypertrophy is reported. The histopathological features were suggestive of acne rosacea turning to rhinophyma.
Giant Cementifying Fibroma: A Case Report
Authors: Mohan A RC , Alikhan M , Reddy D VR
Published: March 2024

Although the literature contains numerous reports on ossifYing and cementifYing fibromas, only 4 cases of multiple occurrence of this lesion were reported. A case giant cementifying fibroma of both maxillae and both sides of mandible is reported because of its multiple site involvemen t and recurrence. Aetiology, clinical features, management are discussed.
Subaxillary Flap for Large Elbow Defects : Case Reports and Review of Literature
Authors: Kumar P , Nainani S
Published: March 2024

Coverage oflarge soft tissue defects around the elbow is a difficult problem. Available literature on various pedicled Haps for elbow defects was reviewed. Two cases are being reported, where subaxillalY flap was used to replace the extensive scar, around the elbow. In the first case, the scar was situated over the flexor aspect of the elbow and in the other case, it was over the extensor aspect of the elbow. No flap necrosis was seen in either of the cases. The flaps were non-bulky, non-hairy and the colour match was excellent. The position of immobilization was well tolerated by the patient. We feel that, ipsilateral subaxillary flap is an ideal choice among various pedicled flaps for extensive elbow defects.
Closure of Large Pressure Ulcers utilizing the Principles of Limberg flap
Authors: Kumar P , Bhaskara K G
Published: March 2024

A prospective study of 17 patients (21 Limberg flaps in 19 pressure ulcers) was done to establish the efficacy of Limberg flap.. Limberg flaps were used in only those cases where primary closure was not possible. This flap was found to be simple to execute and short-term results were satisfactory. Also, it spares underlying muscles for future use. None of the flaps showed necrosis. Partial wound dehiscence was noticed in 7 (33.33%) cases, which was managed by secondary suturing in four cases, by split skin graft in one case and by second Limberg flap in one case.
Modified Continuous Loop Technique for microvascular anastomosis
Authors: Kumar P , Bhaskara K G , Thomas P C
Published: March 2024

A modified method of continuous loop technique for microvascular anastomosis is described. The handling of loop is easier & even last suture is placed under vision. This makes the microvascular anastomosis easier and simpler.
Surgical Management of Grossly Protruded Bulky Premaxilla : A Case Report
Authors: Kumar P , Thomas P C , Bhaskara K G
Published: March 2024

Management of protruding premaxilla is an important aspect of treatment of bilateral cleft lip. Surgical setback, which is considered as the last option in the management of grossly protruded premaxilla has an important role to play in selected cases. The present case had a grossly protruded, bulky premaxilla, which remained protruded even after 3 year following bilateral cleft lip repair. After failure to achieve expansion of maxillary arches by prosthodontic treatment for six month, patient was taken up for surgical setback. In view of the gross disparity between size of the protruding premaxilla and anterior gap between maxillary arches, conventional setback procedure would not have been possible and hence the patient underwent a bulk reduction procedure of premaxilla followed by the setback procedure. At the end of 6 weeks after surgery the premaxilla was stable.
Preparation of Plaster Moulage (Cast) in Plastic Surgery patients
Authors: Rana Roshani E. , Puri Vinita A. , Aiyer Purnima M. , Baliarsing Amresh
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this paper is to describe the technique of making casts using alginate compound for negative and dental stone plaster for positive impressions. With certain modifications a cast could be made of any part of the body and one can make a museum of interesting cases. Casts serve as useful teaching material especially in cleft lip and palate patients to study the effect of surgery on growth and development of the cleft lip-palate-nose complex in relation to the remaining face. It also helps in planning reconstruction in cases of facia! defects, recording serial changes in multistage surgery, pre-operative and post-operative comparison as in rhinoplasty, ear reconstruction, hand etc; for comparing results before and after treatment in keloid and hypertrophic scars, fabrication of implants and preparation of prosthesis. In spite of newer modalities like 3-D imaging and stereolithography, the usefulness of this old technique in certain interesting cases can not be denied.
Insurance Status Predicts Periprosthetic Joint Infection after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Thomas Jeremiah , Anil Utkarsh , Schmicker Thomas , Lin Charles C. , Aggarwal Vinay K. , Schwarzkopf Ran
Published: March 2024

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most severe complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA), and identifying factors associated with PJI is vital for preoperative risk stratification. The aim of this study was to compare risk of PJI after THA across insurance payers using a statewide health data registry. A retrospective review was conducted querying the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System for all patients undergoing elective unilateral primary THA using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 procedure codes. Patients were stratified into groups based on their insurance provider as private payer, Medicare, Medicaid, or worker's compensation. Demographics, hospital clinical data, complications, PJI rates, and mortality rates were collected. PJI rates were significantly different between groups at both 3 (p < 0.001) and 12 months (p < 0.001) postoperatively, highest at both time points in the Medicaid group (3 months: 1.3%; 12 months: 1.8%). Log-rank test demonstrated increased cumulative PJI rates in the worker's compensation and Medicaid groups up to 108 months postoperatively (p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression, adjusted for demographics, found that Medicaid insurance was associated with 1.4 times increased risk for PJI relative to Medicare (hazard ratio:1.39; 95% confidence interval [1.19, 1.62]; p < 0.001). These results suggest patients undergoing THA covered by Medicaid are at increased risk for PJI compared with patients covered by other insurance payers. Surgeons should recognize this patient population is at an increased risk for PJI, and compensation policies for treating patients covered by Medicaid should reflect the increased complication rate associated with this population.
Innovation dynamics within the entrepreneurial ecosystem: a content analysis-based literature review
Authors: Kumar Rishi Kant , Pasumarti Srinivas Subbarao , Figueiredo Ronnie Joshe , Singh Rana , Rana Sachi , Kumar Kumod , Kumar Prashant
Published: March 2024

Entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) delineate concepts from varied streams of literature originating from multiple stakeholders and are diagnosed by different levels of analysis. Taking up a sample of 392 articles, this study examines how innovation fosters the emergence of self-operative and self-corrective entrepreneurial ecosystems in the wake of automatic market disruptions. It also finds that measures lending vitality and sustainability to economic systems across the world through a mediating role played by governments, along with synergies exhibited by academia and “visionpreneurs” at large, give rise to aspiring entrepreneurs. The study also aligns past practices with trending technologies to enrich job markets and strengthen entrepreneurial networks through spillover and speciation. The research offers valuable insights into entrepreneurial ecosystems’ practical policy implications and self-regulating mechanisms, and it suggests that governments overseeing these entrepreneurial ecosystems should identify and nurture the existing strengths within them. Additionally, entrepreneurial ecosystems can benefit from government support through subsidies and incentives to encourage growth. In collaboration with university research, specialized incubation centers can play a pivotal role in creating new infrastructures that foster current and future entrepreneurial development.
New evidence for prehistoric ploughing in Europe
Authors: van Willigen Samuel , Ozainne Sylvain , Guélat Michel , Haller Anne-Lyse Gentizon , Haller Marc
Published: March 2024

For the past four decades, the ‘Secondary Products Revolution’ model, i.e., the exploitation of animal resources that do not involve killing the animal, such as the production of milk and wool and the use of animals for physical labour has been the object of heated discussion between Neolithic scholars. According to this model, the use of animal strength arrived relatively late in Europe—during the socio-economic changes of the Late Neolithic in the 4th millennium BCE. Plough marks are the most convincing direct evidence of the use of animal traction. However, few are preserved making them relatively rare throughout Europe and dating them is difficult and often imprecise. Recent research at the Anciens Arsenaux site in Sion, Valais, Switzerland has revealed the presence of the oldest known plough marks in Europe, dating from the beginning of the 5th millennium BCE. They bear witness to the use of animal traction quite soon after the establishment of an agro-pastoral economy in the Alpine region. This is corroborated by recent archaeozoological studies and suggests that this important innovation could already be part of the Neolithic package introduced into Europe during the 6th millennium BCE.
Transient grating spectroscopy on a DyCo5 thin film with femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses
Authors: Ukleev Victor , Leroy Ludmila , Mincigrucci Riccardo , De Angelis Dario , Fainozzi Danny , Khatu Nupur Ninad , Paltanin Ettore , Foglia Laura , Bencivenga Filippo , Luo Chen , Ruske Florian , Radu Florin , Svetina Cristian , Staub Urs
Published: March 2024

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are excited by femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (EUV) transient gratings (TGs) in a room-temperature ferrimagnetic DyCo5 alloy. TGs are generated by crossing a pair of EUV pulses from a free electron laser with the wavelength of 20.8 nm matching the Co M-edge, resulting in a SAW wavelength of Λ = 44 nm. Using the pump-probe transient grating scheme in reflection geometry, the excited SAWs could be followed in the time range of −10 to 100 ps in the thin film. Coherent generation of TGs by ultrafast EUV pulses allows to excite SAW in any material and to investigate their couplings to other dynamics, such as spin waves and orbital dynamics. In contrast, we encountered challenges in detecting electronic and magnetic signals, potentially due to the dominance of the larger SAW signal and the weakened reflection signal from underlying layers. A potential solution for the latter challenge involves employing soft x-ray probes, albeit introducing additional complexities associated with the required grazing incidence geometry.
Neoclassical transport of tungsten ion bundles in total-f neoclassical gyrokinetic simulations of a whole-volume JET-like plasma
Authors: Dominski J. , Chang C. S. , Hager R. , Ku S. , Yoon E. S. , Parail V.
Published: March 2024

The application of a bundling technique to model the diverse charge states of tungsten impurity species in total-f gyrokinetic simulations is demonstrated. The gyrokinetic bundling method strategically groups tungsten ions of similar charge, optimizing computational efficiency. The initial radial configuration of these bundles and their respective charges are derived from a coronal approximation and the quasi-neutrality of the plasma. A low-density JET H-mode like plasma is simulated using the neoclassical version of XGC across the entire plasma volume, spanning from the magnetic axis to the divertor. An accumulation of tungsten is observed at the pedestal top, as a result of low-Z tungsten ions moving inward from the scrape-off-layer into the core region and high-Z tungsten ions moving outward from the core into the pedestal. This organization of the fluxes cannot be captured by a single tungsten-ion simulation. Large up-down poloidal asymmetries of tungsten form in the pedestal and strongly influence the direction of neoclassical fluxes. The temperature screening effect and its correlation with asymmetries are analyzed.
Near- to mid-IR spectral purity transfer with a tunable frequency comb: Methanol frequency metrology over a 1.4 GHz span
Authors: Tran D. B. A. , Lopez O. , Manceau M. , Goncharov A. , Abgrall M. , Alvarez-Martinez H. , Le Targat R. , Cantin E. , Pottie P.-E. , Amy-Klein A. , Darquié B.
Published: March 2024

We report the upgrade and operation of a frequency-comb-assisted high-resolution mid-infrared molecular spectrometer, allowing us to combine high spectral purity, International System of Units (SI)-traceability, wide tunability, and high sensitivity. An optical frequency comb is used to transfer the spectral purity of a SI-traceable 1.54 μm metrology-grade frequency reference to a 10.3 μm quantum cascade laser (QCL). The near-infrared reference is operated at the French time/frequency metrology institute, calibrated there to primary frequency standards, and transferred to Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers via the REFIMEVE fiber network. The QCL exhibits a linewidth of δν ∼ 0.1 Hz and a sub-10−15 relative frequency stability from 0.1 to 10 s, and its frequency is traceable to the SI with a total relative uncertainty better than 4 × 10−14 after 1 s averaging time. We have developed the instrumentation allowing comb modes to be continuously tuned over 9 GHz, resulting in a QCL of record spectral purity uninterruptedly tunable at the precision of the reference over an unprecedented span of Δν = 1.4 GHz. We have used our apparatus to conduct sub-Doppler spectroscopy of methanol in a multi-pass cell, demonstrating state-of-the-art frequency uncertainties down to the few kilohertz level (∼10−10 in relative value). We have observed weak intensity resonances unreported so far, resolved subtle doublets never seen before, and brought to light discrepancies with HITRAN. This demonstrates the potential of our apparatus for probing subtle internal molecular processes, building accurate spectroscopic models of polyatomic molecules of atmospheric or astrophysical interest, and carrying out precise spectroscopic tests of fundamental physics.
Some uncertainty principles for the quaternion Heisenberg group
Authors: Bouhrara Adil , Kabbaj Samir
Published: March 2024

Hardy type theorem with the Heisenberg–Pauli–Weyl inequality and the logarithmic uncertainty principle for the quaternion Heisenberg group are established.
Azimuthally extreme-ultraviolet focal splitter by modified spiral photon sieves
Authors: Shen Yujie , Zheng Yuni , Cui Huaiyu , Zhao Dongdi , An Bo , Miao Saiyao , Zhang Junyong , Zhao Yongpeng
Published: March 2024

Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) radiation is a short-wavelength light source that has important applications in many fields, such as optical communication, particle manipulation, and ultrahigh resolution imaging. However, the highly absorptive nature of EUV light makes it challenging to design suitable focusing optics, such as focal splitters, to properly manipulate the energetic light. Here, we propose modified spiral photon sieves to transform EUV laser light into azimuthally splitting focusing. A genetic algorithm was used to design and optimize the azimuthally focal splitters. A capillary discharge EUV laser at 46.9 nm was used to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method, and PMMA targets were used to record the focused laser spot. The profile of the recorded patterns measured by atomic force microscopy shows that the focal spots in the experiment are diffraction-limited and agreed with the theoretical analysis. The proposed technique provides a new way for manipulating EUV light and further extends the applications ranging from EUV to soft x rays.
In situ cell for grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction on thin films in thermal catalysis
Authors: Thum Lukas , Arztmann Manuela , Zizak Ivo , Grüneberger René , Steigert Alexander , Grimm Nico , Wallacher Dirk , Schlatmann Rutger , Amkreutz Daniel , Gili Albert
Published: March 2024

A cell for synchrotron-based grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction at ambient pressures and moderate temperatures in a controlled gas atmosphere is presented. The cell is suited for the in situ study of thin film samples under catalytically relevant conditions. To some extent, in addition to diffraction, the cell can be simultaneously applied for x-ray reflectometry and fluorescence studies. Different domes enclosing the sample have been studied and selected to ensure minimum contribution to the diffraction patterns. The applicability of the cell is demonstrated using synchrotron radiation by monitoring structural changes of a 3 nm Pd thin film upon interaction with gas-phase hydrogen and during acetylene semihydrogenation at 150 °C. The cell allows investigation of very thin films under catalytically relevant conditions.
Ultrasound jetting and atomization of sessile and impacting droplets
Authors: Ebrahimiazar Maryam , Ashgriz Nasser
Published: March 2024

We present the results of our experimental and theoretical study of the jetting and atomization of a sessile and an impacting droplet subject to an ultrasonic surface vibration with a frequency of 2.5 MHz and piezoceramic transducer (PZT) surface velocity of 0.2–1.5  ms−1. Such high-frequency vibrations result in the formation of a liquid jet shooting outwardly from the surface of the droplet, which eventually breaks up into droplets. Part of the liquid remains on the surface, which eventually goes through ultrasonic atomization. We have divided this process into three categories of (i) jetting, (ii) jet breakup and liquid layer formation, and (iii) liquid layer atomization, and characterized jetting and jet breakup separately. For impacting droplets, jetting occurs immediately and at relatively low surface vibration velocities as compared to those for sessile droplets. We have developed a model to predict the PZT surface velocity for the onset of jetting, the jet diameter, jet velocity, and spreading diameter based on momentum, force, and energy balances. The liquid jet may break up into droplets due to Rayleigh–Plateau breakup (ejecting droplets on the order of jet diameter, λa) and acoustic breakup of the jet (ejecting both few hundred micrometer and few micrometer droplets).
Customizing polymeric binders for advanced lithium batteries: Design principles and beyond
Authors: Kang Jieun , Kwon Jin Yong , Han Dong-Yeob , Park Soojin , Ryu Jaegeon
Published: March 2024

As society strides toward a sustainable future powered by lithium-ion batteries, the integral role of polymeric binders becomes increasingly evident. Historically serving as a film former and chemical adhesive that amalgamates the active host materials and conductive carbon in battery electrodes, their role has been redefined with the advent of innovative battery systems and host materials. These emerging technologies pose unique challenges, propelling the shift toward “customizable” binder designs. Polymeric binders should now ensure structural robustness, especially for high-capacity host materials, by leveraging varied intermolecular interactions to counteract internal stresses. Additionally, incorporating high-voltage electrode materials or electrolytes demands binders with an expansive electrochemical stability window. The interface energy control of binders is also critical, especially when incorporating dissolving cathodes or transitioning to solid-state electrolytes. This review provides a comprehensive understanding, breaking down the design principles of polymeric binders into three distinct paradigms: (1) structural design for high-capacity anodes, (2) electrochemical design for high-voltage cathodes or electrolytes, and (3) interfacial design for dissolving cathodes and solid-state batteries. Our discourse offers both a reflection on the evolving multifunctional nature of binders and a roadmap for future endeavors in the binder design for advanced lithium battery chemistries.
Numerical investigation of the flows and heat transfer characteristics of internal cooling channels with separated ribs in gas turbine blades
Authors: Nguyen Van-Hoang , Vu Tai Duy , Dinh Cong-Truong , Park Sung Goon
Published: March 2024

Gas turbine engines play a crucial role in numerous industrial domains, including power generation, aviation, and marine propulsion. One of the major challenges in designing gas turbine engines is managing the high temperature generated by the combustion process. Internal cooling is a commonly used technique to maintain the temperature of critical components, such as turbine blades, within a safe operating range. Rib turbulators are widely used in internal cooling systems to enhance heat transfer performance by promoting turbulence in the fluid flow. Nevertheless, the existence of a continuous rib within the cooling channel can result in elevated temperatures near the rib section, potentially diminishing the overall system efficiency. In response to this challenge, a new rib turbulator design, denoted as the “separated rib,” has been introduced to mitigate the high-temperature zone. Through the utilization of the passing-gap design in the separated rib configuration, the coolant flow passes through the gap, effectively eliminating the region of extreme heat and augmenting the secondary flow. Consequently, it results in a notable enhancement of heat transfer performance within the ribbed channel. The numerical simulations are performed by solving three-dimensional (3D) Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations using the commercial software ANSYS CFX. The working fluid is steam, and the heat transfer performance is evaluated in terms of the Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (f), and thermal performance factor (TPF). The results show that the separated rib configuration has approximately 17.3% higher Nusselt number than the original ribbed configuration when the Reynolds number (Re) changes from 5000 to 60 000. The separated rib configuration consistently shows higher TPF values between about 1.6 and 1.9 than the original rib configuration, where TPF is smaller than 1.35. Furthermore, the heat transfer correlation related to the Reynolds number was developed to predict heat transfer performance. The heat transfer correlations align closely with the numerical simulation results, showing about 17.4% and 34.3% improvements in Nu and TPF, respectively, for our newly designed system compared to the old version.
Criterion for long sustained highly peaked ion temperature in diverted configuration of KSTAR tokamak
Authors: Han H. , Chung J. , Jeon Y. M. , Kang J. , Na Y. S. , Ko W. H. , Juhn J. W. , Jeong J. , Kim H. S. , Jang J. , Hahn S. H. , Lee J. K. , Lee Y. H. , Park S. J. , Kim W. C. , Yoon S. W.
Published: March 2024

In the context of KSTAR plasma research, the discovery of the fast ion regulated enhanced mode is noteworthy due to its remarkable ability to maintain ion temperatures exceeding up to 10 keV for a few tens of seconds, avoid impurity accumulation, and keep low loop voltages. This new plasma operating scenario is achieved in a diverted configuration plasma by avoiding the H-mode transitions with sufficient additional power for the transition. Keeping the density low is the primary method for the avoidance. Additionally, adjustments to other parameters (plasma shape, neutral beam injection, and toroidal magnetic field) associated with the H-mode threshold power are applied to inhibit the transition process. This paper includes an experimental analysis and discussion of these findings.
Coupling dynamics of capsule interior defects and its impact on hydrodynamic instabilities at ablation fronts for inertial confinement fusion implosions
Authors: Liu Y. X. , Wang L. F. , Chen Z. , Li Z. Y. , Wu J. F. , Dong J. Q. , Zou S. Y. , Yan Z. , Li J. , Lei Z. , Ye W. H. , Li Y. J.
Published: March 2024

The micrometer-scale internal defect in the capsule is one of the most important factors that limit implosion performance in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments, which creates instability seeds as shocks propagate through the capsule shell. Here, we report the generation mechanism of vortex pairs resulting from the interaction of shock waves with multiple bubbles, as well as the origin of more intricate perturbation waves than those observed in the case of single defects. Based on the subsequent evolution of hydrodynamic instability, it is evident that the vortex pairs induce the emergence of low-density (light-bubble case) or high-density (referred to as heavy-bubble case) jets on the ablative front. The presence of multiple side-by-side defects can rapidly amplify the dimensions of the jet. These jets could be responsible for the “meteor shower” observed in implosion experiments. Converging disturbed waves between vertically aligned defects lead to a more complex nonlinear flow field evolution compared to the scenario with a single defect. A systematic study of localized perturbation growth as a function of defect placement is presented. We investigate the dependence of circulation in the flow field on the locations of the defects. The scanning results of defect scenes with different sizes revealed the reason why the depth of fluid penetration is affected by the position and size, and found that the effects of the position and size on the perturbation expansion width can be equivalent to a certain extent. The extension of the perturbation width when the defect is off-axis limits the degree of penetration of the perturbation depth. The results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of physical processes, such as the seeding mechanism, shell integrity, and mass injection into the central region, which may be applied to inform the development of more effective strategies to mitigate implosion degradation in ICF implosion experiments.
Long-range, water-mediated interaction between a moderately active antifreeze protein molecule and the surface of ice
Authors: Grabowska Joanna , Kuffel Anna , Zielkiewicz Jan
Published: March 2024

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that a molecule of moderately active antifreeze protein (type III AFP, QAE HPLC-12 isoform) is able to interact with ice in an indirect manner. This interaction occurs between the ice binding site (IBS) of the AFP III molecule and the surface of ice, and it is mediated by liquid water, which separates these surfaces. As a result, the AFP III molecule positions itself at a specific orientation and distance relative to the surface of ice, which enables the effective binding (via hydrogen bonds) of the molecule with the nascent ice surface. Our results show that the final adsorption of the AFP III molecule on the surface of ice is not achieved by chaotic diffusion movements, but it is preceded by a remote, water-mediated interaction between the IBS and the surface of ice. The key factor that determines the existence of this interaction is the ability of water molecules to spontaneously form large, high-volume aggregates that can be anchored to both the IBS of the AFP molecule and the surface of ice. The results presented in this work for AFP III are in full agreement with the ones obtained by us previously for hyperactive CfAFP, which indicates that the mechanism of the remote interaction of these molecules with ice remains unchanged despite significant differences in the molecular structure of their ice binding sites. For that reason, we can expect that also other types of AFPs interact with the ice surface according to an analogous mechanism.
Micro-kelvin temperature-stable system for biocalorimetry applications
Authors: Panda Kanishka , Mittapally Rohith , Reddy Pramod , Yadlapalli Swathi , Meyhofer Edgar
Published: March 2024

Achieving micro-kelvin (µK) temperature stability is critical for many calorimetric applications. For example, sub-nanowatt resolution biocalorimetry requires stabilization of the temperature of the calorimeter to µK levels. Here, we describe how µK temperature stability can be accomplished in a prototypical calorimetric system consisting of two nested shields and a suspended capillary tube, which is well suited for biocalorimetry applications. Specifically, we show that by employing nested shields with µTorr-levels of vacuum in the space between them as well as precise feedback control of the temperature of the shields (performed using high-resolution temperature sensors), the effect of ambient temperature fluctuations on the inner shield and the capillary tube can be attenuated by ∼100 dB. We also show that this attenuation is key to achieving temperature stabilities within ±1 and ±3 µK (amplitude of oscillations) for the inner shield and the capillary tube sensor, respectively, measured in a bandwidth of 1 mHz over a period of 10 h at room temperature (∼20.9 ± 0.2 °C). We expect that the methods described here will play a key role in advancing biocalorimetry.