bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of halide ions on the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide over a copper surface
Authors: Masana Jofrey J. , Peng Bowen , Shuai Zeyu , Qiu Ming , Yu Ying
Published: December 2021

Specifically adsorbed X− ions on the Cu surface establish the X–carbon bond with CO2 attracted to the electrode, which weakens the C–O bonds of CO2 to lower the hydrogenation potential barriers, leading to CO2 conversion to hydrocarbon products.
Magnetic field assisted electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction of nickel-based materials
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Guo Ping , Li Siwei , Sun Jianmin , Wang Wei , Song Bo , Yang Xiaoxuan , Wang Xianjie , Jiang Zaixing , Wu Gang , Xu Ping
Published: December 2021

The dominant role of the magnetoresistance effect caused by spin electron scattering in the oxygen evolution reaction is unveiled through an in situ tunable magnetic field-electrochemical testing system.
Considerations in applying neutron depth profiling (NDP) to Li-ion battery research
Authors: Lyons Daniel J. , Weaver Jamie L. , Co Anne C.
Published: December 2021

Li distribution within the battery electrode material is quantified using neutron depth profiling (NDP) as a function of depth in real-time.
Sulfobetaine polymers for effective permeability into multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs)
Authors: Morimoto Nobuyuki , Ota Keisuke , Miura Yuki , Shin Heungsoo , Yamamoto Masaya
Published: December 2021

Hydroxy group containing methacrylamide polymers exhibited excellent permeability into the hepatocyte multicellular tumor spheroids.
Ubiquitous clean and sustainable energy-driven self-rechargeable batteries realized by and used in organic electronics
Authors: Sun Bai , Li Yuning
Published: December 2021

This article provides a review of various types of self-rechargeable batteries powered by ubiquitous clean and sustainable energy sources.
Electromagnetic interference shielding materials: recent progress, structure design, and future perspective
Authors: Wang Xiao-Yun , Liao Si-Yuan , Wan Yan-Jun , Zhu Peng-Li , Hu You-Gen , Zhao Tao , Sun Rong , Wong Ching-Ping
Published: December 2021

Novel structure design and shielding mechanism of various shielding materials are critically reviewed. Measurement methods of far-field and near-field shielding are presented. Challenges and future perspectives for shielding materials are discussed.
Modular chiral Eu(iii) complexes for efficient circularly polarized OLEDs
Authors: Zinna Francesco , Arrico Lorenzo , Funaioli Tiziana , Di Bari Lorenzo , Pasini Mariacecilia , Botta Chiara , Giovanella Umberto
Published: December 2021

Chiral lanthanide complexes can be prepared by choosing the achiral antenna ligand and the chiral inducer independently. With this modular approach, complexes optimized for use in efficient CP-OLEDs may be obtained.
Bi3+ doping in 1D ((CH3)3SO)PbI3: a model for defect interactions in halide perovskites
Authors: Pipitone Candida , Carlotto Silvia , Casarin Maurizio , Longo Alessandro , Martorana Antonino , Giannici Francesco
Published: December 2021

Defect interactions and short-range ordering determine the bandgap reduction in linear lead/bismuth iodide chains.
Transforming polyethylene and polypropylene into nontraditional fluorescent polymers by thermal oxidation
Authors: Zhao Yaxin , Long Jiayu , Zhuang Peifeng , Ji Ying , He Changcheng , Wang Huiliang
Published: December 2021

Polyethylene and polypropylene, which do not contain any fluorescent chromophores, are transformed into nontraditional photoluminescent materials with strong fluorescence emissions by an extremely simple thermal oxidation method.
Effects of Noise and a Speaker's Impaired Voice Quality on Spoken Language Processing in School-Aged Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Schiller Isabel S. , Remacle Angélique , Durieux Nancy , Morsomme Dominique
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Background noise and voice problems among teachers can degrade listening conditions in classrooms. The aim of this literature review is to understand how these acoustic degradations affect spoken language processing in 6- to 18-year-old children.

Method:

In a narrative report and meta-analysis, we systematically review studies that examined the effects of noise and/or impaired voice on children's response accuracy and response time (RT) in listening tasks. We propose the Speech Processing under Acoustic DEgradations (SPADE) framework to classify relevant findings according to three processing dimensions—speech perception, listening comprehension, and auditory working memory—and highlight potential moderators.

Results:

Thirty-one studies are included in this systematic review. Our meta-analysis shows that noise can impede children's accuracy in listening tasks across all processing dimensions (Cohen'sdbetween −0.67 and −2.65, depending on signal-to-noise ratio) and that impaired voice lowers children's accuracy in listening comprehension tasks (d= −0.35). A handful of studies assessed RT, but results are inconclusive. The impact of noise and impaired voice can be moderated by listener, task, environmental, and exposure factors. The interaction between noise and impaired voice remains underinvestigated.

Conclusions:

Overall, this review suggests that children have more trouble perceiving speech, processing verbal messages, and recalling verbal information when listening to speech in noise or to a speaker with dysphonia. Impoverished speech input could impede pupils' motivation and academic performance at school.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17139377
The Speech-Language Pathologist Evaluating Appropriateness of Learning Apps as a Service Delivery Model for Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Flinner Katrina , Sullivan Jessica
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

This study aimed to gain insight from speech-language pathologists (SLPs) regarding appealing features of speech and language applications to use as a service delivery model in schools for children who have a hearing loss.

Method:

A 1-hr focus group was conducted with three SLPs to identify appealing design features of speech and language apps, their benefits, and potential concerns. Participants were provided two speech and language applications to navigate through and review. Participants responded to Likert scale surveys and verbally provided benefits and drawbacks of the features as part of the structured discussion.

Results:

SLPs identified a range of appealing features for speech and language apps to utilize as a service delivery model for children with hearing loss. They preferred interfaces that allowed the opportunity for SLP and student collaboration rather than student isolation.

Conclusions:

SLPs have valuable input in regard to future speech and language app design informed by their experiences with children with hearing loss. SLPs are key stakeholders in the design process and should be included in future design and research endeavors.
A Floquet theory‐based fast time‐domain stability analysis for N‐parallel inverters system
Authors: Li Hong , Jiang Xiaheng , Liu Chen , Li Zhong , Franquelo Leopoldo G. , Vazquez Sergio
Published: December 2021

Based on Floquet theory, a simple and fast time‐domain stability analysis method for an N‐parallel inverters system is proposed. Furthermore, a general time‐domain model of the N‐parallel inverters system in grid‐connected mode and in island mode are derived, and the corresponding stability criteria are derived based on the Floquet theory. Subsequently, simulations and experiments of a two‐parallel inverters system in island and grid‐connected modes are conducted to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed time‐domain stability analysis method. To the end, the complexity comparison between the proposed time‐domain method and the traditional frequency‐domain method is presented to prove the advantages of the proposed method over the tedious manual derivation.
Research on short‐term and mid‐long term optimal dispatch of multi‐energy complementary power generation system
Authors: Wang Danhao , Peng Daogang , Huang Dongmei , Ren Lan , Yang Mengxue , Zhao Huirong
Published: December 2021

For the power generation system of wind, photovoltaic, hydro, thermal and out‐purchased electricity, taking the minimum economic cost of thermal power generation as the objective function, an optimal dispatching model including the complementary system of wind‐photovoltaic‐hydro‐thermal‐out purchased electricity is proposed. The power balance and renewable energy accommodation are prerequisites, thermal power unit maintenance plans and various constraints are considered. The improved multi‐objective cuckoo search algorithm was used for short‐term scheduling, and the proposed hybrid firefly and particle swarm optimization was used for mid‐long term scheduling. The results show that the two algorithms can be effectively applied to the short‐term and mid‐long term joint optimal scheduling problem of wind, photovoltaic, hydro, thermal and out‐purchased electricity. It makes the power grid arrange the unit output reasonably, ensure the security and stability operation. It can better absorb renewable energy, reduces coal consumption and pollution, and improves the overall benefit of the system.
5G communication resource allocation strategy based on edge computing
Authors: Cao Lin
Published: December 2021

Aiming at the problem that most of the existing strategies cannot deal with the explosive growth of user data after the popularization of 5G communication technology, this paper proposes a 5G communication resource allocation strategy based on edge computing. First, the 5G communication network is virtualized to build mobile edge computing system with multiple mobile user equipment and multiple servers. Then, the communication model and calculation model of system are established. Besides, the optimization objectives are proposed based on this, which can minimize total user cost and maximize the success rate of task offloading and successful execution rate. Finally, the resource allocation problem is formalized and modelled as Markov model. The objective is to minimize the ratio of overall system energy consumption to task execution time and delay constraints, the optimal communication resource allocation scheme is obtained by solving it based on Q‐learning algorithm. The experimental demonstration of proposed strategy is carried out based on the python simulation platform. Experimental results show that the total system cost and average delay of proposed strategy do not exceed 500 W and 1000 ms under the experimental conditions; its overall performance is better than other comparison strategies, can meet the interest requirements of users and service providers.
Das zervikale Radikulärsyndrom – Hintergründe, Diagnostik und Therapie aus funktioneller Sicht
Authors: Niemier Kay
Published: December 2021

Zervikale Radikulärsyndrome gehen meist mit Funktionsstörungen einher. Sich jedoch nur auf einen einzigen Aspekt des funktionellen Systems zu fokussieren, ist nicht zielführend. Eine Einteilung in primäre und sekundäre Funktionsstörungen erleichtert den Überblick für Diagnostik und Therapie.
Applicability of colon capsule endoscopy as pan-endoscopy: From bowel preparation, transit, and rating times to completion rate and patient acceptance
Authors: Vuik Fanny E.R. , Moen Sarah , Nieuwenburg Stella A.V. , Schreuders Eline H. , Kuipers Ernst J. , Spaander Manon C.W.
Published: December 2021

Background and study aims Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) has the potential to explore the entire gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of CCE as pan-endoscopy.

Patients and methods Healthy participants received CCE with bowel preparation (bisacodyl, polyethylene electrolyte glycol (PEG) + ascorbic acid) and booster regimen (metoclopramide, oral sulfate solution (OSS)). For each segment of the gastrointestinal tract, the following quality parameters were assessed: cleanliness, transit times, reading times, patient acceptance and safety of the procedure. When all gastrointestinal segments had cleansing score good or excellent, cleanliness of the whole gastrointestinal tract was assessed as good. Participants’ expected and perceived burden was assessed by questionnaires and participants were asked to grade the procedure (scale 0–10). All serious adverse events (SAEs) were documented.

Results A total of 451 CCE procedures were analyzed. A good cleansing score was achieved in the stomach in 69.6%, in the SB in 99.1 % and in the colon in 76.6 %. Cleanliness of the whole gastrointestinal tract was good in 52.8 % of the participants. CCE median transit time of the whole gastrointestinal tract was 583 minutes IQR 303–659). The capsule reached the descending colon in 94.7 %. Median reading time per procedure was 70 minutes (IQR 57–83). Participants graded the procedure with a 7.8. There were no procedure-related SAEs.

Conclusions CCE as pan-endoscopy has shown to be a safe procedure with good patient acceptance. When cleanliness of all gastrointestinal segments per patient, completion rate and reading time will be improved, CCE can be applied as a good non-invasive alternative to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract.
Gastric outlet obstruction with ascites: EUS-guided gastro-enterostomy is feasible
Authors: Basha Jahangeer , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Yarlagadda Raghavendra , Nabi Zaheer , Gupta Rajesh , Ramchandani Mohan , Chavan Radhika , Jagtap Nitin , Asif Shujaath , Rao Guduru Venkat , Reddy Nageshwar
Published: December 2021

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastro-enterostomy(EUS-GE) is a recently described novel minimally invasive endoscopic procedure for patients having malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). The safety of EUS-GE in the presence of ascites with GOO is not known. The objective of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of EUS-GE in patients with GOO and ascites.

Patients and methods Consecutive patients with GOO who underwent EUS-GE between January 2019 and March 2021 constituted the study population. EUS-GE was performed using either EPASS or free-hand technique. The technical success, clinical success, adverse events, and survival times were evaluated. The outcomes were compared between patients with and without ascites.

Results A total of 31 patients with GOO underwent EUS-GE of whom 29 (93.5 %) had malignant and two (6.4 %) had benign etiologies. Ascites was observed in 12 out of 31 (38.7%) patients and all had underlying malignancy. Majority (27, 87 %) of the EUS-GE procedures were performed using EPASS technique, and 4 (13 %) underwent free-hand technique. Eleven of 12 patients with ascites and GOO underwent EUS GE using EPASS technique. The technical success (91.6 % vs. 89.4 %; P = 0.841), clinical success (83.3 % vs. 89.4 %; P = 0.619), mean procedure time (32 vs. 31.6 min; P = 0.968) and adverse events (0 % vs. 10.5 %; P = 0.245) were not significantly different between patients with or without ascites. However, the median survival time was significantly low in patients with ascites when compared to without ascites (36 vs. 290 days; P < 001).

Conclusions Ascites is a common occurrence in patients with malignant GOO. EUS GE is feasible in presence of ascites with EPASS technique.
Einfluss von psychosozialen Belastungsfaktoren auf das Längenwachstum
Authors: Gohlke Bettina C. , Bettendorf Markus , Binder Gerhard , Hauffa Berthold , Reinehr Thomas , Dörr Helmuth-Guenther , Wölfle Joachim
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund Wachstum wird durch Hormone, genetische und exogene Faktoren beeinflusst.

Fragestellungen Welche Bedeutung haben Psyche, Lebensumstände oder maternaler Drogenkonsum in der Schwangerschaft für das Wachstum von Kindern?

Methoden Ergebnisse eines Arbeitstreffens pädiatrischer Endokrinologen mit aktueller Literaturrecherche.

Ergebnisse Psychosoziale Deprivation kann bei Kindern mit Kleinwuchs und einem Wachstums-hormon (WH)-Mangel einhergehen, der bei Änderung der Umgebung und unter psychosozialer Unterstützung reversibel ist. Krieg und Migration gehen häufig mit Untergewicht, Wachstumsstörung und schlechter Gesundheitsversorgung einher. Diese bessern sich nach Konfliktende, die Kinder bleiben dennoch häufig zu klein. Alkohol- oder Drogenkonsum von Schwangeren sind mit einem niedrigeren Geburtsgewicht und einem erhöhten Risiko für Früh- und „small for gestational age“ (SGA)-Geburtlichkeit assoziiert. Kinder mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitäts-Syndrom (ADHS) zeigten meist nach Beginn einer Stimulanzientherapie eine leichte Wachstumsverlangsamung, erreichen aber eine normale Endhöhe.

Schlussfolgerungen Bei Kindern mit idiopathischem Kleinwuchs sollte differenzialdiagnostisch die psychosoziale Genese in Betracht gezogen werden. Eine Stimulanzientherapie bei ADHS wirkt sich demgegenüber auf das Wachstum kaum aus.
Classification and Management of Failed Fixation of the Volar Marginal Fragment in Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Orbay M. Carolina , Orbay Jorge L.
Published: December 2021

Greater understanding of specific fracture patterns following distal radius fractures has arisen with the advent of volar plating. The volar marginal fragment (VMF) is a small peripheral piece of bone which is critical to carpal stability. Failure to achieve good fixation of the VMF can result in volar subluxation of the carpus and distal radioulnar joint instability. Due to its small, distal nature, this fragment can be easily missed and difficult to fix. Loss of reduction of the VMF following operative fixation presents specific challenges and surgical considerations dictated by patient characteristics and timing. Our goal of this review is to present a classification system for these failed VMFs which can help guide surgical treatment as well as expected outcomes.
Arthroscopically Assisted Treatment of Volar Rim Fractures
Authors: Herzberg Guillaume , Burnier Marion , Ly Lyliane
Published: December 2021

Background Arthroscopically-assisted reduction and internal fixation (AARIF) for distal radius fractures (DRF) has been extensively described. Little information is available about AARIF in AO “B3” and “C” DRF with displaced lunate facet volar rim fragment (VRF) and volar carpal subluxation. However, lunate volar rim fragment (LVRF) may be very difficult to reduce and fix under arthroscopic control using the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) or FCR extended approaches while traction is applied.

Purposes The aims were to describe our surgical technique of AARIF of partial or complete DRF with VRF and provide information about how often this technique may be necessary, based on a large DRF database.

Methods The dual-window volar approach for complete articular AO C DRF with volar medial fragment was described in 2012 for performing open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). Since 2015, we have used the dual-window approach for AARIF of “B3” or “C” DRF with volar carpal subluxation. We analyzed our PAF database, searching for patients treated with AARIF in “B3” and “C” fractures.

Results The dual-window volar approach is very useful when using AARIF for AO “B3” and “C” DRF with displaced VRF and volar carpal subluxation. The anteromedial part of the exposure allows a direct access to reduction and fixation of the LVRF under traction and arthroscopic control. Overall, 1% of all articular DRF in this series showed a displaced LVRF amenable to the dual-window volar approach.

Conclusion It is almost impossible to access and properly fix a VRF using traction and arthroscopic control through the FCR or FCR extended FCR approach because of the stretched flexor tendon mass. The use of the dual-window approach during AARIF of AO “B3” or “C” DRF has not previously been reported. Displaced VRF are rare whether they were part of “B3” or “C” fractures. If AARIF is chosen, we strongly recommend the use of the dual-window volar approach for AO “B3” and “C” fractures with VRF. A single anteromedial approach can also be used for isolated “B3” anteromedial DRF.
Influence of Voxel Size on CBCT Images for Dental Implants Planning
Authors: Kehrwald Ricardo , Castro Hebert Sampaio de , Salmeron Samira , Matheus Ricardo Alves , Santaella Gustavo Machado , Queiroz Polyane Mazucatto
Published: December 2021

Objective This study was developed to evaluate the influence of voxel size on bone measurements for implant planning.

Materials and Methods The research was performed by using edentulous synthetic human mandibles with different levels of bone resorption. For each mandible, height and bone thickness were measured with a digital caliper. The PaX-i3d device was used to acquire the volumes of the five mandibles, with 50kVp, 4 mA, and a voxel size of 0.08 mm. After the acquisition, the images were reconstructed in the software CS three-dimensional Imaging, with four different sizes of voxels: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mm. All volumes were analyzed by a single evaluator who performed measurements to obtain bone height and thickness, using the reference points that were considered in obtaining the gold standard. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with a significance level of 5%.

Results There was no significant difference in the measurements obtained with different voxel sizes, both for bone height measurements and bone thickness. There was no statistically significant difference in measurements in thickness in comparison to the gold standard.

Conclusion When necessary, to measure height and bone thickness, it is possible to recommend voxel images of larger size (0.40 mm) without compromising the quality of the patient's clinical planning.
Pharmacological Management of Pattern Hair Loss
Authors: Sattur Sandeep Suresh , Sattur Indu Sandeep
Published: December 2021

Pattern hair loss (PHL) is a condition that worsens with time and the only way it can be slowed down is with pharmacological intervention. Pharmacological treatments for PHL, from an evidenced-based perspective with respect to safety and efficacy, are limited to only two drugs, minoxidil and finasteride. However, there are a host of drugs being used, off-label with limited evidence. This article attempts to review the literature on this topic, and the authors add to this, with their experience of over two decades on incorporating pharmacologic treatments along with hair transplantation in their management of PHL.
Electrical Injuries and Neurosurgery: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Narang Sumeet , Manoharan Ganesh Kumar , Dil Jaspreet Singh , Raja A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction Electrical injuries account for 5 to 27% of admissions to burn units. The nervous system is affected in as much as 21% of nervous injuries, with reported mortality.

Case Report The authors report a case of a patient presenting to the neurosurgical service with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused due to an electrical burn. Available data was reviewed through a PubMed search of literature, with special attention to the nature of presentation, classification of such injuries, the pathophysiology of the events that arise, complications to be expected, and the guidelines for management.

Conclusion It is possible for electrical injuries to cause TBIs requiring neurosurgical intervention.
The Future of Red Cell Transfusion Lies in Cultured Red Cells
Authors: Javed Rizwan , Flores Lorraine , Bhave Saurabh Jayant , Jawed Asheer , Mishra Deepak Kumar
Published: December 2021

Blood is a very important resource for healthcare-based services and there has been a consistently increasing demand for it in most parts of the world. Poor volunteer-based collection system, high-risk of transfusion-transmitted infections, and emergence of new pathogens as evident from the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are potential challenges to the global healthcare systems. It is imperative to explore safe and reliable alternatives to red cell transfusions. Ex vivo culture of red cells (cRBCs) from different sources such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), pluripotent stem cells, and immortalized progenitors (e.g., BELA-2 cells) could revolutionize transfusion medicine. cRBC could be of great diagnostic and therapeutic utility. It may provide a backup in times of acute shortages in patients with rare blood groups, and in cases with multiple antibodies or sickle cell anemia. The CRISP-Cas9 system has been used to develop personalized, multi-compatible RBCs for diagnostic reagents and patients with multiple allo-antibodies. cRBC could be practically feasible for pediatric patients, who require small quantities of red cell transfusions. cRBC produced under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions has been reported to survive in human blood circulation for more than 26 days. Recently, a phase I randomized controlled clinical trial called RESTORE was initiated to assess the survival and recovery of cRBCs. However, feasible technological advancement is required to produce enough cRBCs for clinical use. It is crucial to identify sustainable sources for large-scale production of clinically useful cRBCs. Although the potential cost of one unit of cRBC is extrapolated to be around US$ 8000, it is a life-saving product for patients having rare blood groups and is a “ready to use” source of phenotype-matched, homogenous young red cells in emergency situations.
Midterm Functional Outcome of the Linked Semiconstrained Distal Radioulnar Joint Prosthesis
Authors: Warlop Jaak , Nuffel Maarten Van , Smet Luc De , Degreef Ilse
Published: December 2021

Background A painful unstable distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) can seriously compromise hand and wrist function. The semiconstrained prosthesis was developed to restore DRUJ function. To date, most outcome reports are coauthored by the designer.

Questions Does independent reporting confirm the promising results of the semiconstrained DRUJ prosthesis? Are complication and failure rates acceptable?

Patients and Methods We evaluated patients with the semiconstrained DRUJ implant and a minimum follow-up of 2 years. We monitored patient satisfaction and function with functionality questionnaires and measured wrist range of motion, grip, and key pinch strength. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, linear and logistic regression.

Results We included 41 patients with 42 implants. Mean follow-up was 46 months (range: 24–102 months). Eighty percent of wrist had undergone previous surgery. We found a mean pronation of 83 degrees (0–90 degrees), supination of 70 degrees (0–90 degrees), flexion of 42 degrees (0–90 degrees), extension of 49 degrees (0–90 degrees), ulnar deviation of 24 degrees (0–60 degrees), and radial deviation of 14 degrees (0–40 degrees). Grip and key pinch strength were 20.1 (1–50 kg) and 6 kg (1–12 kg), respectively. Average patient-rated wrist and hand evaluation score was 42.7 (0–95), disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score was 38 (0–88), and visual analog scale score was 3.6 (0–8). We found a 43% complication rate (mostly minor: ulnar or radial tendinopathy, temporary hypoesthesia) with 24% reoperation and 92% prosthesis survival rate.

Conclusion The linked semiconstrained DRUJ prosthesis has its value in the surgical treatment of DRUJ failure. Currently, most implants are used in secondary surgery and multioperated wrists. More research is required to assess the value of the DRUJ prosthesis as a primary procedure.

Level of evidence This is a level IV, therapeutic study.
Communicating Bronchopulmonary Foregut Malformation Type IB: Diagnostic and Surgical Challenges
Authors: Jadhav Bhushanrao , Vaseeharan Ranjithatharsini , Sekaran Prabhu , Folaranmi Semiu Eniola , Awad Karim
Published: December 2021

Communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformations (CBPFM) are extremely rare. We present a complex case of type IB CBPFM with esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TOF), duodenal atresia/annular pancreas (DA/AP), and intestinal malrotation who underwent primary repair for EA/TOF on day 3. Bilious aspirates on day 8 prompted an upper gastrointestinal (GI) contrast revealing a duodenal obstruction and communication between the right lung lower lobe and the esophagus (T8-T9 level). DA/AP and malrotation were repaired by a gastrojejunostomy and Ladd's procedure. A repeat contrast swallow identified a 2nd communication from the esophagus into the right lower lobe (T5-T6 level) raising the suspicion of a recurrent TOF. Computed tomography (CT) thorax confirmed above findings with an anomalous blood supply to right lung. An exploratory thoracotomy identified a three-lobed lung. However, the lower lobe was enlarged and connected in two separate locations to the esophagus. The child recovered after the disconnection of the esophageal connections and partial right lower lobectomy. CBPFM are extremely rare anomalies requiring a high index of suspicion, use of an upper GI contrast series, and CT scans for diagnosis. The treatment of choice is resection of the affected lung and disconnection of the esophageal communications.
Word Centre is Misperceived
Authors: Fischer Martin H
Published: December 2021

Normal readers were asked to mark the middle of visually presented words. They made systematic errors toward the left, indicating an overestimation of the length of the beginning of a word. The number of characters determines the size of this error. The bias extended to pseudowords, letter strings, and symbols, but not to blocks, dashes, and lines. Finally, the bias was sensitive to typographical errors but not to colour cuing. These findings suggest that special cognitive operations determine the perceived spatial extent of words. Implications for our understanding of perceptual and cognitive processes in reading are discussed.
Slope and the Zöllner Illusion
Authors: Earle David C , Maskell Stephen J
Published: December 2021

Informal observation suggests that the magnitude of the Zöllner illusion is reduced when the figure is viewed on a sloping plane. The hypothesis that this effect derives from the enlargement of the acute angle of intersection between the obliques and the verticals in the figure when it is viewed on a sloping plane is here investigated. The magnitude of the Zöllner illusion was measured with the use of a visual analogue scale. The results show that the change in the magnitude of the Zöllner effect as a function of the slope of the figure is different from that for corresponding figures, with enlarged angles of intersection between the obliques and the verticals, presented vertically. It is concluded that the enlargement of the angles of intersection can only partly account for the reduction of the Zöllner effect when the figure is viewed under slope, and that some other factor must be involved. An alternative hypothesis is evaluated whereby the effects result from the diminution in the contrast of the obliques when the figure is viewed under slope. Data are also presented to show that observers are able to perceive the enlarged or foreshortened angles of intersection veridically.
On the problem of periodicity of continued fraction expansions of for cubic polynomials over algebraic number fields
Authors: Platonov V. P. , Zhgoon V. S. , Petrunin M. M.
Published: December 2021

We obtain a complete description of the fieldsthat are extensions ofof degree at mostand the cubic polynomialssuch that the expansion ofinto a continued fraction in the field of formal power seriesis periodic. We prove a finiteness theorem for cubic polynomialswith a periodic expansion offor extensions ofof degree at most. We obtain a description of the periodic elementsfor the cubic polynomialsdefining elliptic curves with points of order,.

Bibliography: 19 titles.
More about sparse halves in triangle-free graphs
Authors: Razborov A. A.
Published: December 2021

One of Erdős’s conjectures states that every triangle-free graph on

vertices has an induced subgraph on

vertices with at most

edges. We report several partial results towards this conjecture. In particular, we establish the new bound

on the number of edges in the general case. We completely prove the conjecture for graphs of girth

, for graphs with independence number

and for strongly regular graphs. Each of these three classes includes both known (conjectured) extremal configurations, the 5-cycle and the Petersen graph.

Bibliography: 21 titles.
Internationalisation of general practice journals: a bibliometric analysis of the Science Citation Index database
Authors: Ma Hsin , Cheng Bo-Ren , Chang An-Hui , Chang Hsiao-Ting , Lin Ming-Hwai , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Hwang Shinn-Jang
Published: December 2021

Research plays a crucial role in the development of primary health care. Researchers in other specialities have studied the internationalisation of their journals, but no such study has been conducted for general practice. The aim of this study was to analyse the volume of publication and internationalisation of general practice journals indexed in the Science Citation Index (SCI) database in 2019. Of the total 1573 articles and reviews in 19 journals indexed under the subject category of ‘primary health care’ in the SCI database, 86.4% (n = 1359) were published in four English-speaking countries (32.8% in seven US journals, 34.8% in five UK journals, 12.5% in two Australian journals and 6.4% in one Canadian journal) and 40.6% (n = 639) were authored or coauthored by authors from a country other than that in which the journal was published. There was a significant (P < 0.05) relationship between the country of publication and the degree of internationalisation of the journal. The degree of internationalisation of general practice journals varied from 94.2% for family practice to 2.0% for primary care. There are wide disparities in internationalisation among different countries and general practice journals. There is much room for improvement in the internationalisation of general practice journals in the SCI database.
Birds not in flight: using camera traps to observe ground use of birds at a wind-energy facility
Authors: Puffer Shellie R. , Tennant Laura A. , Lovich Jeffrey E. , Agha Mickey , Smith Amanda L. , Delaney David K. , Arundel Terence R. , Fleckenstein Leo J. , Briggs Jessica , Walde Andrew D. , Ennen Joshua R.
Published: December 2021

Abstract Context Camera trapping is increasingly used to collect information on wildlife occurrence and behaviour remotely. Not only does the technique provide insights into habitat use by species of interest, it also gathers information on non-target species. Aims We implemented ground-based camera trapping to investigate the behaviours of ground-dwelling birds, a technique that has largely been unutilised for studying birds, especially in wind-energy facilities. Methods We used camera traps to monitor activities of Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at their self-constructed burrows in a wind-energy facility near Palm Springs, California, USA. While doing so, we collected data on numerous burrow commensals, including birds. Key results Monitoring from late spring to mid-autumn in one year showed regular use of tortoise burrows and the immediate area by 12 species of birds, especially passerines. The most abundant species, as indicated by the number of photographs, but not necessarily individuals, was the rock wren (Salpinctes obsoletus), with a total of 1499 events. Birds appeared to use the interior or proximate vicinity of burrows for gathering nesting material, displaying, feeding, dust bathing and other activities. Of the bird species observed, 10 are known to be occasional casualties of turbine-blade strikes. The minimum known-age of a burrow had a positive relationship with bird counts. Conclusions Using camera traps focused at ground level can be a useful tool in avian conservation efforts because it is an effective technique for measuring bird presence, activity and behaviour in altered habitats such as wind farms, especially for those species that are low flyers or ground dwellers. Implications Acquiring data over the long term by using ground-based monitoring with camera traps could add to our understanding of avian behaviour and habitat use in relation to wind-energy infrastructure and operations, and help determine the vulnerability of avifauna that utilise the area.
Photosynthetic reaction center variants made via genetic code expansion show Tyr at M210 tunes the initial electron transfer mechanism
Authors: Weaver Jared Bryce , Lin Chi-Yun , Faries Kaitlyn M. , Mathews Irimpan I. , Russi Silvia , Holten Dewey , Kirmaier Christine , Boxer Steven G.
Published: December 2021

Significance

Reaction centers (RCs) are critical to photosynthetic energy conversion. RCs in all characterized photosynthetic organisms contain two symmetrically arranged branches of chromophores and enable light-induced electron transfer with high yield. We fine-tune the properties of a key bacterial RC symmetry-breaking tyrosine via its replacement with noncanonical tyrosine analogs and determine kinetic outcomes. Results are interpreted through energetic characterization made possible by resonance Stark spectroscopy. Analysis indicates this tyrosine modulates the mechanism of the initial light-induced electron transfer, affording an alternative functional pathway that maintains the RC’s robust electron transfer. Modern molecular biology, ultrafast spectroscopy, crystallography, and energetic characterization enable the mechanistic model we describe. Our results deepen understanding of RC function and may have implications for other photocatalysts and enzymes.
Norms, affect and evaluation in the reception of literary translations in multilingual online reading communities
Authors: Kotze Haidee , Janssen Berit , Koolen Corina , van der Plas Luka , van Egdom Gys-Walt
Published: December 2021

This article uses the Digital Opinions on Translated Literature (dioptra-l) corpus to study readers’
perceptions of and responses to translation in a naturalistic setting, focusing on the normative constructs or
cognitive-evaluative templates they use to conceptualise, evaluate and respond to translations. We answer two main questions: (1)
How visible, or salient, is the fact of translation to readers reading a translated literary text, and are there differences in
the degree and nature of this visibility for different languages and translation directions? (2) What are the main concepts, and
emotional and evaluative parameters that readers use to describe translated literary texts, and are there differences in these
concepts and parameters when considered by different translation directionalities and genres? We make use of computational
methods, including collocational network analysis, keyword analysis, and sentiment analysis to extract information about the
salience of translation, and the networks of emotive and evaluative language that are used around the concept of translation. This
forms the basis of our proposals for particular cognitive-evaluative templates.
Securing cross-border collaboration: transgovernmental enforcement networks, organized crime and illicit international political economy
Authors: Legrand Tim , Leuprecht Christian
Published: December 2021

In a globalizing world, cross-border enforcement networks are rapidly emerging as important mechanisms to tackle illicit transnational markets. As a relatively recent mode of cross-border governance, both the IPE and public policy literatures have only just begun to explore the dynamics and implications of cross-border policy networks in general and security networks in particular. Cross-border enforcement networks are similar to current IPE conceptions of transgovernmental networks, yet the comparative analysis of such networks in this article shows that they extend, and differ, from transgovernmental networks. Instead, transgovernmental enforcement networks are emerging as a comparable but distinct transnational model and thus warrant emancipation as an object of study in their own right. By exploring two network cases concerned with US-Canada cross-border tobacco smuggling, the article discerns and describes factors and conditions that account for different outcomes among select U.S-Canada cross-border security networks: IBET/Shiprider and MYGALE. Data was collected by analyzing open primary sources and conducting interviews with subject participants in these policy networks. Based on these observations, the article generates insights that can subsequently be scrutinized using other cross-border policy case studies.
The effects of pump pulse fluence on the output energy and amplified spontaneous emission of a femtosecond regenerative amplifier
Authors: Sadegh Kazempourfard Mohammad , Nadgaran Hamid , Mousavi Seyed Mahdi
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the effects of pump pulse fluence on the output energy and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of a femtosecond regenerative amplifier are investigated. One can easily enhance the output energy of laser amplifiers by increasing their pump fluence. This in turn can increase the ASE and reduce the performance of amplifiers in terms of output beam quality, beam stability, etc. This effect would eventually lead to what is called ‘temporal intensity contrast deterioration’. In this work, it is shown that an optimum state of the pump pulse fluence can indeed optimize the amount of the output energy from a regenerative amplifier without much reducing the performance of the amplifier due to the higher ASE. Temporal gain characteristics were employed to achieve this optimum value for a better design, performance, and maintenance of femtosecond laser amplifiers. The results of the current study can be effectively used in designing a wide range of regenerative amplifiers for femtosecond pulses.
Proton-neutron symplectic model description of 20Ne
Authors: Ganev H. G.
Published: December 2021

A microscopic description of the low-lying positive-parity rotational bands in 20Ne is given within the framework of the symplectic-based proton-neutron shell-model approach provided by the proton-neutron symplectic model (PNSM). For this purpose, a model Hamiltonian is adopted. This includes an algebraic interaction lying in the enveloping algebra of the

dynamical group of the PNSM, which introduces both horizontal and vertical mixings of different

irreducible representations within the

irreducible collective space of 20Ne. A good overall description is obtained for the excitation energies of the ground and first two excited β bands, including the ground state intraband

quadrupole collectivity and the known interband

transition probabilities between the low-lying collective states, without utilizing an effective charge.
The Origin of The Soft X-Ray Excess in the Seyfert 1.5 Galaxy ESO 362-G18
Authors: Zhong Xiao-Gu , Wang Jian-Cheng
Published: December 2021

We review the Seyfert 1.5 Galaxy ESO 362-G18 for exploring the origin of the soft X-ray excess. The Warm Corona and Relativistic Reflection models are two main scenarios to interpret the soft X-ray excess in active galactic nuclei at present. We use the simultaneous X-ray observation data of XMM-Newton and NuSTAR on 2016 September 24 to perform spectral analysis in two steps. First, we analyze the time-average spectra by using Warm Corona and Relativistic Reflection models. Moreover, we also explore the Hybrid model, Double Reflection model and Double Warm Corona model. We find that both the Warm Corona and Relativistic Reflection models can interpret the time-average spectra well but cannot be distinguished easily based on the time-averaged spectra fit statistics. Second, we add the rms and covariance spectra to perform the spectral analysis with time-average spectra. The result shows that the warm corona could reproduce all of these spectra well. The hot, optical thin corona and neutral distant reflection will increase their contribution with the temporal frequency, meaning that the corona responsible for X-ray continuum comes from the inner compact X-ray region and the neutral distant reflection is made of some moderate scale neutral clumps.
Quantum transport simulation of the two-dimensional GaSb transistors
Authors: Wang Panpan , Han Songxuan , Quhe Ruge
Published: December 2021

Owing to the high carrier mobility, two-dimensional (2D) gallium antimonite (GaSb) is a promising channel material for field-effect transistors (FETs) in the post-silicon era. We investigated the ballistic performance of the 2D GaSb metal–oxide–semiconductor FETs with a 10 nm-gate-length by the ab initio quantum transport simulation. Because of the wider bandgap and better gate-control ability, the performance of the 10-nm monolayer (ML) GaSb FETs is generally superior to the bilayer counterparts, including the three-to-four orders of magnitude larger on-current. Via hydrogenation, the delay-time and power consumption can be further enhanced with magnitude up to 35% and 57%, respectively, thanks to the expanded bandgap. The 10-nm ML GaSb FETs can almost meet the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) for high-performance demands in terms of the on-state current, intrinsic delay time, and power-delay product.
Janus MSiGeN4 (M = Zr and Hf) monolayers derived from centrosymmetric β-MA2Z4: A first-principles study
Authors: Guo Xiaoshu , Guo Sandong
Published: December 2021

A two-dimensional (2D) MA2Z4 family with

and

phases has been attracting tremendous interest, the MoSi2N4 and WSi2N4 of which have been successfully fabricated (
Science 369, 670 (2020)). Janus monolayers have been achieved in many 2D families, so it is interesting to construct a Janus monolayer from the MA2Z4 family. In this work, Janus MSiGeN4 (M = Zr and Hf) monolayers are predicted from

-MA2Z4, which exhibit dynamic, mechanical and thermal stabilities. It is found that they are indirect band-gap semiconductors by using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) plus spin-orbit coupling (SOC). With biaxial strain

from 0.90 to 1.10, the energy band gap shows a nonmonotonic behavior due to a change of conduction band minimum (CBM). A semiconductor to metal transition can be induced by both compressive and tensile strains, and the phase transformation point is about 0.96 for compressive strain and 1.10 for tensile strain. The tensile strain can change the positions of CBM and valence band maximum (VBM), and can also induce the weak Rashba-type spin splitting near CBM. For MSiGeN4 (M = Zr and Hf) monolayers, both an in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric response can be produced, when a uniaxial strain in the basal plane is applied, which reveals the potential as piezoelectric 2D materials. The high absorption coefficients in the visible light region suggest that MSiGeN4 (M = Zr and Hf) monolayers have potential photocatalytic applications. Our works provide an idea to achieve a Janus structure from the MA2Z4 family, and can hopefully inspire further research exploring Janus MA2Z4 monolayers.
Novel synthesis of cerium oxide nano photocatalyst by a hydrothermal method
Authors: Ali Fowziya Shaik , Al Marzouqi Faisal , Banu A. Afroos , Fathima M. Ismail , Jahangir A. R. Mohamed , Rafi K. Mohamed , Ayeshamariam A.
Published: December 2021

Crystalline cubic cerium oxide nano particles have been synthesized from cerium (III) nitrate (Ce (NO3)3.6H2O) and sodium hydroxide by a hydrothermal method. The effect of three different molar ratios of the NaOH precipitating agent on structural, optical, and photo catalytic activity was investigated. The synthesized cerium oxide nano particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), a UV–vis spectrometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS). According to the findings, hydrothermally synthesized cerium oxide NPs have a high efficiency for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue when exposed to UV light. Environmental water pollution is the major issue of the atmosphere. To get fresh water, humans could search the resources to purify the water in simple way and degradation is the one of the methods to purify salt water.