bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managing Solvent Complexes to Amplify Ripening Process by Covalent Interaction Driving Force Under External Field for Perovskite Photovoltaic
Authors: Hong Jiajie , Xing Zhi , Li Dengxue , Hu Biao , Xu Kaiqin , Hu Xiaotian , Hu Ting , Chen Yiwang
Published: November 2024

Up to now, post‐annealing is most commonly used to post treat the perovskite film to accelerate the ripening process. Nonetheless, the top‐down crystallization mechanism impedes the efficient desolvation of solvent complexes. Thus, residual solvent complexes tend to accumulate at the bottom of the film during the ripening process and deteriorate the device. Here, a new strategy with unique concept is promoted to amplify ripening process of perovskite film, in which a nematic thermotropic liquid crystal (LC) molecular is introduced to facilitate the conversion of solvent complexes by utilizing the liquid crystalline behavior under external field. Upon the concurrent application of thermal and force fields, the covalent interaction between LC and solvent complexes generates a driving force, which promotes upward migration of solvent complexes, thereby facilitating their engagement in the ripening process. In addition, the driving force under external fields assists the flattening of grain boundary grooves. Therefore, film quality is improved efficiently with amplified ripening process and adequately handled buried interface. Based on the positive effects, the devices achieve a champion efficiency of 25.24%, and sustained ≈75% of its initial efficiency level even after undergoing a damp heat test (85 °C/85% RH) for 1400 h.
Promoting Piezoelectricity in Amino Acids by Fluorination
Authors: Hu Tan , Lee Jin Pyo , Huang Peiwen , Ong Amanda Jiamin , Yu Jian , Zhu Shuihong , Jiang Yixuan , Zhang Zhuo , Reches Meital , Lee Pooi See
Published: November 2024

Bioinspired piezoelectric amino acids and peptides are attracting attention due to their designable sequences, versatile structures, low cost, and biodegradability. However, it remains a challenge to design amino acids and peptides with high piezoelectricity. Herein, a high piezoelectric amino acid by simple fluorination in its side chain is presented. The three phenylalanine derivatives are designed: Cbz‐Phe, Cbz‐Phe(4F), and Cbz‐pentafluoro‐Phe. The effect of fluorination on self‐assembly and piezoelectricity is investigated. Cbz‐Phe(4F) can self‐assemble into crystals with a C2 space group, while Cbz‐Phe and Cbz‐pentafluoro‐Phe form aggregated self‐assemblies. Moreover, Cbz‐Phe(4F) crystals exhibit a remarkably higher piezoelectric coefficient () of ≈17.9 pm V−1 than Cbz‐Phe and Cbz‐pentafluoro‐Phe. When fabricated as a piezoelectric nanogenerator, it generates an open‐circuit voltage of ≈2.4 V. Importantly, Cbz‐Phe(4F) crystals serve as a flexible piezoelectric sensor for the classification of various nuts and their quality sorting, which includes those as small as individual pumpkin seeds with high sensitivity and accuracy of sorting and quality checks. When mounted onto soft grippers, the sensor performs the tactile self‐sensing functions. This work provides a promising approach to designing high piezoelectric amino acids by simple fluorination, offering exciting prospects for advancements in bioinspired piezoelectric materials in the application of smart agriculture and soft robotics.
Polarization: A Universal Driving Force for Energy, Environment, and Electronics
Authors: Guan Xinwei , Lei Zhihao , Xue Ruichang , Li Zhixuan , Li Peng , David Matthew , Yi Jiabao , Jia Baohua , Huang Hongwei , Li Xiaoning , Ma Tianyi
Published: November 2024

The sustainable future relies on the synergistic development of energy, environmental, and electronic systems, founded on the development of functional materials by exploring their quantum mechanisms. Effective control over the distribution and behavior of charges within these materials, a basic quantum attribute, is crucial in dictating their physical, chemical, and electronic properties. At the core of charge manipulation lies “polarization”—a ubiquitous phenomenon marked by separating positive and negative charges. This review thoroughly examines polarization techniques, spotlighting their transformative role in catalysis, energy storage, solar cells, and electronics. Starting with the foundational mechanisms underlying various forms of polarization, including piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and pyroelectric effects, the perspective is expanded to cover any asymmetric phenomena that generate internal fields, such as heterostructures and doping. Afterward, the critical role of polarization across various applications, including charge separation, surface chemistry modification, and energy band alignment, is highlighted. Special emphasis is placed on the synergy between polarization and material properties, demonstrating how this interplay is pivotal in overcoming existing technological limitations and unlocking new functionalities. Through a comprehensive analysis, a holistic roadmap is offered for harnessing polarization across the broad spectrum of applications, thus finding sustainable solutions for future energy, environment, and electronics.
Highly Efficient Aggregation‐Induced Chiral TADF Molecules Exhibiting Prolonged Lifetime in Living Cells under Hypoxic Stress
Authors: Ye Danfeng , Zheng Guangrong , Ali Amjad , Baryshnikov Glib V. , Ågren Hans , Li Shan , Chai Xianzhi , Zhu Liangliang
Published: November 2024

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have garnered significant attention as potential candidates for biological photoluminescence imaging. However, the achievement of tunable chiral TADF materials through aggregated and self‐assembled processes remains a formidable challenge. In this study, four donor–acceptor–donor type chiral TADF molecules, designed by directly linking electron‐donating moieties (phenoxazine, phenothiazine or 1‐phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline) with an electron‐acceptor unit (diphenyl sulfone), as promising candidates for luminescent imaging applications are presented. The experimental investigation reveals that these chiral TADF materials possess remarkably small ΔEST values, promoting efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Additionally, they exhibit aggregation‐induced emission and long‐delayed luminescent lifetimes affected by the aggregated and self‐assembled state. Moreover, deoxygenation significantly enhances the emission, enabling high‐contrast hypoxia probing, which shows great potential for high‐contrast photoluminescence imaging in living cells. This work not only offers a molecular design strategy for chiral TADF materials but also extends the diverse biological applications of high‐contrast hypoxia detection in the biological field.
Experimental Realization of Subwavelength Spoof Plasmonic Bound States in the Continuum and Ultra‐Sensitive Detection
Authors: Zhao Ruoxi , Ma Jiali , Luo Ying , Huang Yingzhou , Li Shunbo , Chen Li , Xu Yi , Wang Li
Published: November 2024

Optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) lies in side the continuum and coexists with extended waves, but it remains perfectly confined without any radiation. This unique property of BICs has led to numerous applications, such as highly surface‐sensitive and spectrally sharp resonances for photonic biosensors. However, it remains challenging to experimentally realize the BICs in a single‐particle system, especially for subwavelength structures. This study presents the existence of optical BICs in a subwavelength metallic microstructure, and quasi‐BICs are observed experimentally in a waveguide system with only a single optimized aluminum meta‐particle. This plasmonic BICs is resulting from the destructive interference of two localized surface plasmon modes. Benefiting from its strong localized field confinement and substrate‐free merit of BICs, the experimentally measured quality factor (Q‐factor) of this transmission dip reach to 273. Additionally, this meta‐particle is experimentally verified to show a good sensitivity for both solids and liquids through the spectral shift of the BICs caused transmission dip. This finding extends the optical BICs to a subwavelength scale and opens practical application opportunities for ultrasmall‐quantity detection of biochemical substances.
Low‐Melting Perovskite Glass for Multimodal Anti‐Counterfeiting and X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Cheng Xixi , Yang Bobo , Hu Rongrong , Wu Qiaoyun , Liu Yukai , Yu Zhanyang , Yang Xiaoyan , Xia Qing , Zou Jun
Published: November 2024

Glass, with its unique amorphous properties, offers low thermal conductivity, high catalytic activity, insensitivity to interfacial lattice mismatch, and the absence of grain boundaries. Melt‐quenched organic–inorganic hybrid glass has recently gained significant attention as an emerging material because of its excellent processability and formability. Here, an SbCl3(C25H46ClN)x halide with a low melting point (90 °C) and significant formability is reported. Both the crystalline and glass states of SbCl3(C25H46ClN)x have double broadband emission, and the glass state exhibits negative thermal quenching, which is rare in metal halides. Interestingly, the luminescence properties of SbCl3(C25H46ClN)x glass with different x values differ. This feature is utilized to design multimodal anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption applications. Additionally, The inherent melt processing capability of SbCl3(C25H46ClN)x allows it to be shaped into various forms suitable for practical applications. SbCl3(C25H46ClN)x scintillator screens (diameter 2.2 cm) are successfully prepared by low‐temperature melting, achieving an X‐ray imaging resolution of 18 line pairs per millimeter (18 lp mm−1). This study demonstrates the potential of melt‐processed organic–inorganic hybrid glass SbCl3(C25H46ClN)x in anti‐counterfeiting, information encryption, and X‐ray detection.
TADF‐Emitting Nanoparticles for Application as Probes in Time‐Resolved Imaging and 1O2 Photosensitizers
Authors: Diniz Ana Marta , Crucho Carina I. C. , Ruedas‐Rama Maria J. , Orte Angel , Dias Cristina J. , Outis Mani , Pinto Sandra N. , Faustino M. Amparo F. , Berberan‐Santos Mário Nuno , Avó João
Published: November 2024

Organic Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) molecules are luminescent compounds capable of harvesting energy from triplet states without using heavy metals. This process results in oxygen‐sensitive, long‐lived delayed emission, suitable for developing optical probes for time‐gated cell imaging, oxygen sensors, and singlet oxygen photosensitizers. Despite their potential, the use of TADF emitters in these applications is hindered by poor performance in polar media and the challenge of balancing high photoluminescence quantum yields, long emission lifetimes, and high triplet formation quantum yields. In this study, novel TADF emitters are developed based on 1,8‐naphthalimide (NI) dyes, and how encapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles can enhance their performance in aqueous media is demonstrated. The resulting nanomaterials exhibit high delayed‐to‐prompt emission ratios, long delayed fluorescence lifetimes, and exceptional applicability in time‐resolved imaging. The singlet oxygen photosensitization capabilities of the TADF nanomaterials in the photodegradation of phenol, exploring a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) system that improved the efficiency, are also assessed. These findings highlight the promising potential of TADF nanomaterials for diverse applications, including photodegradation of pollutants, cellular imaging, and biosensing.
Precursor Reactivity‐Controlled Synthesis of ZnSeTe Spherical Quantum Wells with Narrow and Symmetric Photoluminescence
Authors: Yu Binbin , Gao Lei , Huang Fei , Tian Shuyu , Zhang Mengqi , Wang Junfeng , Wei Xuecheng , Sun Xuejiao , Wei Huiyun , Cao Ang , Ning Jiajia , Tian Jianjun
Published: November 2024

Environment‐friendly ZnSeTe quantum dots (QDs) are considered as potential blue light emitters. However, due to the large reaction activity difference between Se and Te precursors, ZnSeTe QDs usually can not uniformly alloyed and generate lattice distortion, reducing the color purity or photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). A ZnSe/ZnSeTe/ZnSe spherical quantum well (SQW) structure with quasi type‐II energy band arrangement is designed. To promote the uniform growth and even alloying of ternary ZnSeTe, weakly active biphenyltellurium (Ph2Te2) is applied as a new Te source for balancing the reactivity between Te and Se. Epitaxial growth of high crystallinity ZnSeTe with greatly reduced defects is obtained. After ZnS outer layer passivation, the obtained ZnSe/ZnSeTe/ZnSe/ZnS QDs exhibit a high PLQY (≈84%) and a narrow full width at half maxima (19 nm) without asymmetric broaden at 455 nm, contributing to an ultrahigh color purity, which is among the best photoluminescence performance for blue emitting ZnSeTe based QDs. This work provides a new balance strategy of precursor reactivity for synthesizing high color purity and heavy metal free blue ZnSeTe QDs.
Hybrid Multi‐Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters with High Efficiency and High Color Purity
Authors: Moon Junyoung , Han Seungwon , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: November 2024

Highly efficient blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) generally exhibit inferior color purity or large full width at half maximum (FWHM). Therefore, emitting materials with simultaneously high efficiency and small FWHM in the deep‐blue region are challenging to construct. To address this, hybrid multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters are designed by combining boron‐based MR‐TADF materials, which exhibit small FWHM and high efficiency, with indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole (ICz)‐based MR‐TADF materials, which exhibit high color purity. Two hybrid MR‐TADF emitters are synthesized by hybridizing ICz with a boron‐based MR‐TADF core to prepare deep‐blue OLEDs with high efficiency and high color purity. The hybrid MR‐TADF emitter exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency of 28.7% and deep‐blue emission at 454 nm with an FWHM of 25 nm, and CIEy of 0.053, nearly satisfying the BT 2020 color standard. The device efficiency achieved in this work is one of the highest values reported for the blue OLEDs with the CIEy close to 0.05.
Highly Sensitive Dispersion Characterization of mm‐Length Silicon Nitride Waveguides and Their Couplers Around the Zero‐Dispersion Wavelength
Authors: Watanabe Koyo , Niigaki Ryu , Inoue Takashi , Thienpont Hugo , Vermeulen Nathalie
Published: November 2024

In the fast‐growing field of integrated photonics, quantifying the dispersive characteristics of the optical components integrated on chip is of key importance. The short length of on‐chip components, however, makes it challenging to measure their dispersive properties. Hence, experimental data are relatively scarce, especially at wavelengths close to the zero‐dispersion wavelength (ZDW) where the dispersion‐length product becomes very small. Ideally, the dispersion should be characterized with a technique that, besides being highly sensitive, “directly” yields the dispersion value without frequency derivative calculations nor the addition of dedicated on‐chip measurement structures. To fulfill these requirements, a dispersion characterization technique is presented relying on femtosecond‐resolution time‐of‐flight measurements combined with advanced spatial light modulator (SLM) technology. With this new “direct” technique, suitable for measuring dispersion‐length products down to 5 × 10−5 ps nm−1, the dispersion of mm‐length silicon nitride waveguides is characterized, both in the weakly dispersive (close to the ZDW) and strongly dispersive regimes. Furthermore, dispersion data are presented for sub‐mm‐length trident couplers and inverted taper couplers connected to the waveguides. The resulting insights into the waveguides’ and couplers’ dispersive properties, and the wide applicability of the technique, will benefit the development of advanced photonic integrated circuits (PICs) in silicon nitride and other waveguide material platforms.
Single‐Mode Excited Thermally‐Responsive Multicolor Emissions of High Entropy Upconversion Perovskite Halides for Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Hu Yanqing , Yu Shijie , Zhang Rui , Zhou Jiaqiang , Zhang Xi , Cai Li , Wan Jiasheng , Xue Yijun , Sun Shuang , Cui Yiling , Zhao Ming , Li Zuo‐Xi , Shao Qiyue
Published: November 2024

This work presents a novel and highly secure anticounterfeiting strategy based on high entropy upconversion perovskite halides with thermally responsive multicolor emissions excited by a single laser. The perovskite halides are doped with rare earth cations and oxygen anions simultaneously and form the high entropy crystal structure by using a solid‐state reaction method. The color‐shifting emissions stem from luminescent kinetics transformation from energy transfer upconversion at low temperature to excited state absorption at high temperature. The multicolor emissions can also be trigged by the 975 nm laser heating effect. The results indicate the great potential of the high entropy upconversion perovskites for anticounterfeiting applications with a convenient recognition method.
Enabling Visualized Time‐Resolved Dynamic Discoloring Afterglow from Carbon Dots by Engineering Luminescent Centers and Trap‐States for Security Applications
Authors: Xu Yixuan , Cheng Zihan , Wang Henggang , Jiang Jun , Zhou Zuxu , Feng Linger , Wang Xiaomeng , Lin Hengwei , Jiang Kai
Published: November 2024

Luminescent materials with time‐resolved dynamic discoloring afterglow (TDDA) hold significant potential for applications in anti‐counterfeiting and data encryption. However, the afterglows coming from organic systems are usually unidentifiable due to their shorter durations (less than 10 s). Achievement of long‐lasting and visually discernible TDDA remains highly desirable but challenging. In this work, the TDDA duration is successfully extended from less than 10 s to minutes by engineering the luminescent centers of carbon dots (CDs) and introducing deep trap‐states in a composite of CDs and carbon nitrides (CNs) (named Y‐CDs@CN). It is confirmed that the regulation of luminescent centers in CDs containing both C═N and C═O bonds is responsible for the color changes during TDDA from yellow to green. Moreover, the generation of deep trap states is found to be significant for prolonging the afterglow duration to minutes level through converting room temperature phosphorescence into long persistent luminescence, thus making the entire dynamic discoloring process being easily recognized to naked eyes. Furthermore, the afterglow of Y‐CDs@CN can also be excited by blue light and even using white light of a cell phone. To harness these characteristics, potential applications of Y‐CDs@CN for portable anti‐counterfeiting and multidimensional information encryption are primarily investigated.
Synthesis of Difuropyridines from Chitin‐Derived 3‐Acetamidofuran and their Application to Photocatalytic Reactions
Authors: Gan Haifeng , Ma Peipei , Yang Taixiang , Cao Fei , Zhu Jianliang
Published: November 2024

Difuropyridines have been prepared from aldehydes and chitin‐derived 3‐acetamidofuran (3AF) under acid‐catalyzed conditions. Difuropyridines were comprehensively synthesized for the first time. The synthesized difuropyridines can be applied to prepare fluorescent probe analogs or catalyze decarboxylative reactions as photocatalysts.
PCBP1/2 and TDP43 Function as NAT10 Adaptors to Mediate mRNA ac4C Formation in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Yan , Wu Yu‐Ke , Deng Zuo‐Qi , Chen Lu , Zhu Yi‐Min , Yu Yuan‐Song , Wu Hong‐Bo , Fan Heng‐Yu
Published: November 2024

Massive numbers of modified bases in mRNAs sculpt the epitranscriptome and play vital roles in RNA metabolism. The only known acetylated RNA modification, N‐4‐acetylcytidine (ac4C), is highly conserved across cell types and among species. Although the GCN5‐related acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) functions as an ac4C writer, the mechanism underlying the acetylation process is largely unknown. In this study, the NAT10/PCBP/TDP43 complex mediated mRNA ac4C formation in mammalian cells is identified. RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) are identified, affiliated with two different families, poly(rC)‐binding protein 1/2 (PCBP1/2) and TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP43), as NAT10 adaptors for mRNA tethering and substrate selection. Knockdown of the adaptors resulted in decreased mRNA acetylation abundance in HEK293T cells and ablated cytidine‐rich ac4C motifs. The adaptors also affect the ac4C sites by recruiting NAT10 to their binding sequences. The presence of the NAT10/PCBP/TDP43 complex in mouse testes highlights its potential physiological functions in vivo. These findings reveal the composition of the mRNA ac4C writer complex in mammalian cells and expand the knowledge of mRNA acetylation and ac4C site preferences.
AAV‐mediated Gene Therapy for Hereditary Deafness: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Liyan , Tan Fangzhi , Qi Jieyu , Lu Yicheng , Wang Xiaohan , Yang Xuehan , Chen Xiangyan , Zhang Xinru , Fan Jinyi , Zhou Yinyi , Peng Li , Li Nianci , Xu Lei , Yang Shiming , Chai Renjie
Published: November 2024

Hereditary deafness is the most prevalent sensory deficit disorder, with over 100 identified deafness‐related genes. Clinical treatment options are currently limited to external devices like hearing aids and cochlear implants. Gene therapy has shown promising results in various genetic disorders and has emerged as a potential treatment for hereditary deafness. It has successfully restored hearing function in >20 types of genetic deafness model mice and can almost completely cure patients with hereditary autosomal recessvie deafness 9 (DFNB9) caused by the OTOFERLIN (OTOF) mutation, thus serving as a translational paradigm for gene therapy for other forms of genetic deafness. However, due to the complexity of the inner ear structure, the diverse nature of deafness genes, and variations in transduction efficiency among different types of inner ear cells targeted by adeno‐associated virus (AAV), precision gene therapy approaches are required for different genetic forms of deafness. This review provides a comprehensive overview of gene therapy for hereditary deafness, including preclinical studies and recent research advancements in this field as well as challenges associated with AAV‐mediated gene therapy.
m6A‐Modified SNRPA Controls Alternative Splicing of ERCC1 Exon 8 to Induce Cisplatin Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fan Weina , Huang Jian , Tian Fanglin , Hong Xin , Zhu Kexin , Zhan Yuning , Li Xin , Wang Xiangyu , Wang Xin , Cai Li , Xing Ying
Published: November 2024

Alternative splicing (AS) generates protein diversity and is exploited by cancer cells to drive tumor progression and resistance to many cancer therapies, including chemotherapy. SNRPA is first identified as a spliceosome‐related gene that potentially modulates resistance to platinum chemotherapy. Both the knockout or the knockdown of SNRPA via CRISPR/Cas9 and shRNA techniques can reverse the resistance of cisplatin‐resistant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells to cisplatin. SNRPA overexpression enhanced the resistance of cisplatin‐sensitive LUAD cells. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis reveals that SNRPA is associated with DNA damage repair. Depletion of SNRPA induced ERCC1 exon 8 skipping and reduced ERCC1–XPF complex formation, whereas SNRPA overexpression exerted the opposite effect. siRNAs targeting isoforms containing ERCC1 exon 8 [ERCC1‐E8 (+)] reversed SNRPA‐enhanced cisplatin resistance and DNA damage repair. Furthermore, the IGF2BP protein, an m6A reader, and the ELAVL1 protein, an RNA stabilizer recruited by IGF2BP1, are found to bind to the SNRPA mRNA. ELAVL1 promoted cisplatin resistance, DNA repair and ERCC1‐E8 (+) expression in an SNRPA‐dependent manner. In a mouse xenograft model, SNRPA‐KO CRISPR enhanced the sensitivity of LUAD cells to cisplatin. Overall, this study illuminates the role of SNRPA in platinum‐based drug resistance, thereby providing a novel avenue to potentially enhance chemosensitivity and improve the prognosis of patients with LUAD.
Transcriptomics‐Based Liquid Biopsy for Early Detection of Recurrence in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ding Ping'an , Wu Jiaxiang , Wu Haotian , Li Tongkun , Niu Xiaoman , Yang Peigang , Guo Honghai , Tian Yuan , He Jinchen , Yang Jiaxuan , Gu Renjun , Zhang Lilong , Meng Ning , Li Xiaolong , Guo Zhenjiang , Meng Lingjiao , Zhao Qun
Published: November 2024

The study presents a transcriptomics‐based liquid biopsy approach for early recurrence detection in locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). Four mRNA biomarkers (AGTR1, DNER, EPHA7, and SUSD5) linked to recurrence are identified through transcriptomic data analysis. A Risk Stratification Assessment (RSA) model combining these biomarkers with clinical features showed superior predictive accuracy for postoperative recurrence, with AUCs of 0.919 and 0.935 in surgical and liquid biopsy validation cohorts, respectively. Functional studies using human gastric cancer cell lines AGS and HGC‐27 demonstrated that silencing the identified mRNA panel genes impaired cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. In vivo experiments further showed reduced tumor growth, metastasis, and lymphangiogenesis in mice, possibly mediated by the cAMP signaling pathway. This non‐invasive approach offers significant potential for enhancing recurrence detection and enabling personalized treatment strategies, thereby improving patient outcomes in the management of LAGC.
Solutions for Lithium Battery Materials Data Issues in Machine Learning: Overview and Future Outlook
Authors: Xue Pengcheng , Qiu Rui , Peng Chuchuan , Peng Zehang , Ding Kui , Long Rui , Ma Liang , Zheng Qifeng
Published: November 2024

The application of machine learning (ML) techniques in the lithium battery field is relatively new and holds great potential for discovering new materials, optimizing electrochemical processes, and predicting battery life. However, the accuracy of ML predictions is strongly dependent on the underlying data, while the data of lithium battery materials faces many challenges, such as the multi‐sources, heterogeneity, high‐dimensionality, and small‐sample size. Through the systematic review of the existing literatures, several effective strategies are proposed for data processing as follows: classification and extraction, screening and exploration, dimensionality reduction and generation, modeling and evaluation, and incorporation of domain knowledge, with the aim to enhance the data quality, model reliability, and interpretability. Furthermore, other possible strategies for addressing data quality such as database management techniques and data analysis methodologies are also emphasized. At last, an outlook of ML development for data processing methods is presented. These methodologies are not only applicable to the data of lithium battery materials, but also endow important reference significance to electrocatalysis, electrochemical corrosion, high‐entropy alloys, and other fields with similar data challenges.
Iono–Magnonic Reservoir Computing With Chaotic Spin Wave Interference Manipulated by Ion‐Gating
Authors: Namiki Wataru , Nishioka Daiki , Nomura Yuki , Tsuchiya Takashi , Yamamoto Kazuo , Terabe Kazuya
Published: November 2024

Physical reservoirs are a promising approach for realizing high‐performance artificial intelligence devices utilizing physical devices. Although nonlinear interfered spin‐wave multi‐detection exhibits high nonlinearity and the ability to map in high dimensional feature space, it does not have sufficient performance to process time‐series data precisely. Herein, development of an iono–magnonic reservoir by combining such interfered spin wave multi‐detection and ion‐gating involving protonation‐induced redox reaction triggered by the application of voltage is reported. This study is the first to report the manipulation of the propagating spin wave property by ion‐gating and the application of the same to physical reservoir computing. The subject iono–magnonic reservoir can generate various reservoir states in a single homogenous medium by utilizing a spin wave property modulated by ion‐gating. Utilizing the strong nonlinearity resulting from chaos, the reservoir shows good computational performance in completing the Mackey–Glass chaotic time‐series prediction task, and the performance is comparable to that exhibited by simulated neural networks.
Assessing the Environmental Impact of Pnictogen‐based Perovskite‐Inspired Materials for Indoor Photovoltaics
Authors: Vidal Rosario , Lamminen Noora , Holappa Ville , Alberola‐Borràs Jaume‐Adrià , Franco Iván P. , Grandhi G. Krishnamurthy , Vivo Paola
Published: November 2024

The development of eco‐friendly indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) for Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) devices is booming. Emerging IPVs, especially those based on lead halide perovskites (LHPs), outperform the industry standard of amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a‐Si:H). However, the toxic lead in LHPs drives the search for safer alternatives. Perovskite‐inspired materials (PIMs) containing bismuth (Bi) and antimony (Sb) have shown promise, achieving indoor power conversion efficiencies (PCE) approaching 10% despite early research stages. This is promising due to their eco‐friendlier light‐harvesting layers compared to LHPs. Yet, the environmental footprint of pnictogen‐based PIM over their lifecycle remains unassessed. This study conducts a life‐cycle assessment (LCA) of the best‐performing Sb‐ and Bi‐PIMs, considering PCE, raw material availability, energy consumption, and waste generation. It is find that PCE plays a decisive role in identifying the PIM for IPVs with minimized environmental impact, namely a Bi‐Sb alloy. Extended LCA simulations for industrial‐scale processing show that the most promising Bi‐PIM has a reduced environmental burden compared to a‐Si:H. It is also explore challenges and solutions for enhancing Bi‐and Sb‐PIMs’ sustainability. Overall, this study provides the first evidence of the potential of pnictogen‐based PIMs as a sustainable IPV technology, addressing whether lead‐free PIMs are truly eco‐friendly, thus contributing toward battery‐less IoT applications.
Limestone reaction in sandy soil: Rate effects, limestone type, moisture regime, and time
Authors: Santos Flávia Cristina dos , Resende Álvaro Vilela de , Soares Johnny Rodrigues , Viana João Hebert Moreira , Santana Monna Lysa Teixeira , Moreira Silvino Guimarães , Albuquerque Filho Manoel Ricardo de
Published: November 2024

An experiment was conducted in the greenhouse facilities of Embrapa Maize and Sorghum to evaluate the limestone reaction in sandy soil based on rates, limestone type, effective calcium carbonate equivalent (ECCE), and moisture regime over time. A factorial design of 4 × 2 + 3 was adopted, consisting of four limestone rates with 76% ECCE (0, 1, 2, and 4 Mg ha−1), two irrigation types (daily and monthly, simulating constant and intermittent moisture regime), and three additional treatments (three rates of “filler” limestone—99% ECCE—under monthly irrigation). Soil chemical characteristics were analyzed at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment application. Soil fertility improved at the first month after treatment application, with emphasis on higher limestone rates, monthly moisture regime, and filler lime stone. The highest limestone rate did not increase the pH above 7.0. The recommended limestone rate was insufficient to elevate Ca + Mg levels to the adequate level for current production genotypes and systems, which demand higher standards. These outcomes reinforce the need for carrying out further studies and potential revision in liming recommendations for sandy soils.
Genotypic variation in nitrogen fixation characteristics in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under contrasting phosphorus fertilizer regimes
Authors: Abu Gemechu , Adetimirin Victor , Fatokun Christian , Keneni Gemechu , Assefa Fassil
Published: November 2024

Assessment of the genetic variability is an important step in improving nitrogen (N2) fixation potential of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes. The study was conducted to evaluate the genotypic variation for symbiotic N2 fixation traits of faba bean under contrasting phosphorus (P) fertilizer regimes. Twenty and 12 genotypes in the field and greenhouse, respectively, were planted under two P fertilizer regimes (P− and P+ corresponding to 0 and 46 kg/ha) using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated highly significant (p < 0.01) variation among genotypes for all N2 fixation traits under both P regimes, indicating the availability of genotypic variation. Genotypes Obse, Dosha, Didea, Gebelcho, Gora, Moti, and Hachalu had better performance for N2 fixation traits and higher grain yield (GY) across all study conditions. Performances of all N2 fixation traits, except nitrogen harvest index, were better under P+ than under P−. P fertilizer application in the field resulted in 12.3, 12.9%, 18.9%, and 24.2% increase in the number of nodules per plant, nodule dry weight per plant (NDWP), N2 yield (NY), and the amount of N2 fixed (NF), respectively. In the greenhouse, 18.9%, 22.5%, and 27.2% increment was obtained for NDWP, NY, and NF, respectively, due to fertilizer application. Biplot analysis revealed that NF, NY, percentage of nitrogen derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa), shoot nitrogen concentration (ShN), and GY were the traits responsible for large genetic variation for N2 fixation. NF had higher heritability and formed a significant positive correlation with most nitrogen fixation traits, suggesting the potential of the trait to be improved through breeding.
Use of common cardiovascular disease drugs and risk of dementia: A case–control study in Swedish national register data
Authors: Ding Mozhu , Wennberg Alexandra M. , Engström Gunnar , Modig Karin
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

Cardiovascular drug use may help prevent dementia; however, current evidence is mixed. Using a case–control design, we investigated the association between duration and combination of multiple cardiovascular drug classes and incident dementia.

METHODS

From the Swedish national registers, we included 88,065 incident dementia cases aged ≥ 70 at diagnosis between 2011 and 2016 and 880,650 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Cardiovascular drug use was ascertained from the Prescribed Drug Register.

RESULTS

Long‐term users (≥ 5 years) of antihypertensives, diuretics, lipid‐lowering drugs (LLDs), and oral anticoagulants (OACs) had statistically significantly fewer dementia diagnoses (odds ratio [OR] 0.75–0.91) than non‐users. Antiplatelets use was associated with more dementia diagnoses (OR 1.13–1.25). Use of antihypertensives in combination with diuretics, LLDs, and OACs for ≥ 5 years was associated with fewer dementia diagnoses (OR 0.66–0.84).

DISCUSSION

Preventing dementia via cardiovascular drug pathways may be possible. It is however important to consider the potential long‐term negative cognitive effect of antiplatelets.

Highlights

Use ≥ 5 years of common cardiovascular drugs was associated with lower dementia risk.

Common cardiovascular drug combination use was associated with lower dementia risk.

Anti‐platelet use of any duration was associated with higher dementia risk.
Two‐Phase Perchlorate Activation Enabled by a Dinuclear Fe‐NHC (N‐Heterocyclic Carbene) Complex
Authors: Xu Xinyu , Hua Kai , Zhang Ming‐Tian
Published: November 2024

Perchlorate, initially regarded as a weakly coordinating counterion rather than a reactive oxidizing reagent due to its kinetic stability, has garnered attention for its potential in microbial systems. Under anaerobic conditions, microbes utilize perchlorate as a terminal oxidant for methane oxidation, involving two distinct stages: extraction and release of oxidizing ability. This two‐phase activation process necessitates the collaborative action of multiple enzymes, a phenomenon not extensively explored in artificial systems. To address this issue, a dinuclear Fe‐NHC (N‐heterocyclic carbene) complex 1 was designed to enable the two‐phase activation of perchlorate. Initially, complex 1 extracts the oxidative potential of perchlorate, leading to the formation of Fe(III)‐O−Fe(III) complex 2 as the oxidation product. Subsequently, the extracted oxidative potential can be released by photolyzing a mixture of complex 2 and 9,10‐dihydroanthracene. In contrast to the commonly observed selectivity, the homocoupling product 5 was identified as the major product in this C−H activation reaction. Further, a catalytic C−H activation reaction is initiated under anaerobic conditions to selectively form the C−C coupling product, achieving the complete two‐phase activation of perchlorate using a single artificial catalyst. This work provides a new paradigm for constructing biomimetic anaerobic oxidation using kinetically inert high‐valent oxygenated acid anions as oxidants.
Exploiting High Order Magnetic Anisotropy for Advanced Magnetocaloric Refrigerants
Authors: Tacconi Leonardo , Manvell Anna S. , Briganti Matteo , Czernia Dominik , Weihe Høgni , Konieczny Piotr , Bendix Jesper , Perfetti Mauro
Published: November 2024

Three new 3 d–4 f complexes of general formula trans‐[MF2(py)4][LnDOTA] (M=Cr3+ or Co3+, Ln=Dy3+ or Y3+, py=pyridine and DOTA=tetraazacyclododecane‐N,N′,N′′,N′′′‐tetraacetate) have been synthetised. The fluoride‐bridged systems were designed to achieve perfect tetragonal symmetry by combining four‐fold symmetric lanthanide and transition metal building blocks. From single crystal measurements, an unprecedented switch of the tetragonal anisotropy of the Dy3+ complexes has been observed. A combination of spectroscopic observations, magnetometry measurements and ab initio calculations allowed us to pinpoint the origin of this phenomenon, which is related to the peculiar energy level structure of the complexes. Moreover, the fourfold anisotropy of the complex has been exploited to design a rotating magnetocaloric experiment showing that tetragonal anisotropy holds great potential to engineer a new class of more efficient magnetic refrigerants.
A Carbazole‐Centered Expanded Helicene Stabilized with Hexabenzocoronene (HBC) Units
Authors: Wang Xin‐Yue , Bai Jinku , Shen Yun‐Jia , Li Zhi‐Ao , Gong Han‐Yuan
Published: November 2024

The synthesis and stabilization of heteroatom‐doped nanocarbon molecules, such as carbazole‐containing (super)helicenes, present significant challenges due to the complexities involved in maintaining structural integrity and electronic functionality. In this study, we successfully synthesized a carbazole‐centered expanded tris‐hexabenzo[7]helicene (1) via a facile FeCl3‐mediated Scholl coupling reaction. 1 exhibits both chemical and chiral stability and demonstrates fluorescence at 628 nm with a quantum yield of 0.40. Additionally, the enantiomers of 1 display pronounced chiroptical properties, including a distinct circular dichroism (CD) signal spanning from 300 to 600 nm. The absorption dissymmetry factor (|gabs|) is determined to be 2.98×10−3, while the circularly polarized luminescence brightness (BCPL) is measured as 32.50 M−1 cm−1.
Enantioselective Three‐Component α‐Allylic Alkylation of α‐Amino Esters by Synergistic Photoinduced Pd/Carbonyl Catalysis
Authors: Han Haohao , Yi Wuqi , Ding Shaojie , Ren Xinyi , Zhao Baoguo
Published: November 2024

Photoinduced excited‐state Pd catalysis has emerged as an intriguing strategy for unlocking new reactivity potential of simple substrates. However, the related transformations are still limited and the enantiocontrol remains challenging. Organocatalysis displays unique capability in substrate activation and stereocontrol. Combination of organocatalysis and photoinduced excited‐state Pd catalysis may provide opportunities to develop new enantioselective reactions from simple substrates. By applying cooperative triple catalysis including excited‐state Pd catalysis, ground‐state Pd catalysis, and carbonyl catalysis, we have successfully realized enantioselective α‐allylic alkylation of α‐amino esters with simple styrene and alkyl halide starting materials. The reaction allows rapid modular assembly of the three reaction partners into a variety of chiral quaternary α‐amino esters in good yields with 90–99 % ee, without protecting group manipulations at the active NH2 group. The cooperation of the chiral pyridoxal catalyst and the chiral phosphine ligand accounts for the excellent chirality induction.
Enhanced Chirality Transfer in Self‐Assembled Nanocomposites Powered by A Trace Amount of Chiral Dimeric Molecules
Authors: Bi Yuting , Zhang Zongze , Wei Jingjing , Yang Zhijie
Published: November 2024

Chiral‐selective self‐assembly has markedly advanced the development of chiral materials. While the Sergeant and Soldiers principle allows for chirality amplification, it necessitates precise shape‐matching between chiral and achiral molecules, leading to a low chirality transfer efficiency‐where one chiral molecule influences the chirality of a limited number of achiral molecules. Here, we show that this efficiency can be markedly enhanced by introducing chiral dimeric molecules. In this work, a single chiral molecule can control the chirality of up to 200 achiral molecules and even direct the assembly of inorganic nanoparticles into chiral nanocomposites through a sequential chirality transfer process. Moreover, this approach exhibits remarkable robustness, operating effectively without necessitating a precise match between chiral and achiral molecules. Consequently, using the same chiral molecules at an exceptionally low molar fraction (0.5 mol %) allows for the chiral‐selective assembly of achiral molecules over a broad spectrum, regardless of their packing habits, thus facilitating the creation of otherwise inaccessible chiral materials with modulated chiroptical properties. Last but not least, even a trace amount of chiral molecules can enhance the elastic modulus of the self‐assembled nanocomposites by a factor of eight.
A Base‐Free Two‐Coordinate Oxoborane
Authors: Millet Clement R. P. , Willcox Dominic R. , Nichol Gary S. , Anstöter Cate S. , Ingleson Michael J.
Published: November 2024

Oxoboranes (R‐BO) are transient species that rapidly trimerise to form boroxines. To date, the only method used to stabilise oxoboranes is to add a Lewis base, but this forms a three‐coordinate at boron oxoborane that has a different bonding/reactivity profile. Herein we report a base‐free, two‐coordinate oxoborane that is isolated as a Lewis adduct with AlCl3. This species, Mes*BO‐AlCl3 (Mes*=2,4,6‐tBu‐C6H2), has a ν11ΒΟ stretching frequency of 1843 cm−1, indicating a strong BO bond. Computational analysis indicates this is due to a highly polarised BO bonding interaction combined with modest BO multiple bond character. While the polarisation of the BO bond on AlCl3 coordination enhances the Lewis acidity at boron it also reduces the basicity at oxygen and the latter is key to accessing a base‐free oxoborane. Finally, this oxoborane reacts with PhN3 in a unique way to form an unprecedented boron heterocycle.
Modulating Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of Phenothiazine Dioxide via External Heavy Atoms
Authors: Li Heyang , Ma Huili , Zhang Peng , An Zhongfu , He Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

Developing pure organic materials with ultralong lifetimes and balanced quantum efficiency is attractive but challenging. In this study, we propose a novel strategy to investigate external heavy atoms by linking molecular emitters with halogen through a flexible alkyl chain. X‐ray crystal analysis clearly reveal the halogen C−X‐π interactions, which can be tuned by halogen donors, as well as the distance and geometry between them. Impressively, DOPTZ‐C3Cl featuring a chloride atom as donor, exhibits a balanced long phosphorescence lifetime of 1351 ms and a phosphorescence quantum yield of 10.1 %. We also first demonstrate that Cl can induce more positive effect than heavier halogens (Br and I) on prolonging the lifetime. We envisage that the present study will expedite new molecular design to manipulate the room temperature phosphorescence via external heavy atom effect, and highlight a special C−Cl⋅⋅⋅π interaction for the development of ultralong phosphorescent materials.
Proton Relays in Molecular Catalysis for Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation: Lessons From the Mimicry of Hydrogenases and Electrochemical Kinetic Analyses
Authors: Haake Matthieu , Reuillard Bertrand , Chavarot‐Kerlidou Murielle , Costentin Cyrille , Artero Vincent
Published: November 2024

The active sites of metalloenzymes involved in small molecules activation often contain pendant bases that act as proton relay promoting proton‐coupled electron‐transfer processes. Here we focus on hydrogenases and on the reactions they catalyze, i. e. the hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions. After a short description of these enzymes, we review some of the various biomimetic and bioinspired molecular systems that contain proton relays. We then provide the formal electrochemical framework required to decipher the key role of such proton relay to enhance catalysis in a single direction and discuss the few systems active for H2 evolution for which quantitative kinetic data are available. We finally highlight key parameters required to reach bidirectional catalysis (both hydrogen evolution and hydrogen oxidation catalyzed) and then transition to reversible catalysis (both reactions catalyzed in a narrow potential range) as well as illustrate these features on few systems from the literature.
Modular Design and Scaffold‐Synthesis of Multi‐Functional Fluorophores for Targeted Cellular Imaging and Pyroptosis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Chunhui , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Haiyang , Sun Kunhui , Lu Siyu , Wang Yahui , Jing Su , Cordes Thorben
Published: November 2024

Fluorophores are essential tools for optical imaging and biomedical research. Their synthetic modification to incorporate new functions, however, remains a challenging task. Conventional strategies rely on linear synthesis in which a parent framework is gradually extended. We here designed and synthesized a versatile library of multi‐functional fluorophores via a scaffold‐based Ugi four‐component reaction (U‐4CR). The adaptability of the scaffold is achieved through modification of starting materials. This allows to use a small range of starting materials for the creation of fluorogenic probes that can detect reactive‐oxygen species and where the localization into subcellular organelles or membranes can be controlled. We present reaction yields ranging from 60 % to 90 % and discovered that some compounds can even function as imaging and therapeutic agents via Fenton chemistry inducing pyroptosis in living cancer cells. Our study underlines the potential of scaffold‐based synthesis for versatile creation of functional fluorophores and their applications.