bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cause Analysis and Research of Influence Factors of Cracks in Railway Tunnel Lining Concrete
Authors: Zhao Yuhui , Yu Chaoyang
Published: July 2024

Aiming at the cracking of railway tunnel lining concrete, the cracking reasons were analyzed, the non-load factor was determined as the main reason, and the main factors which affecting the shrinkage cracking of lining concrete were discussed in this paper. On this basis, the influences of binder content, unilateral water content, sand ratio and limestone powder content on cracking sensitivity of lining concrete were studied, by using dry-shrinkage, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength as the evaluation indexes of cracking sensitivity of concrete. The results show that the binder content has a significant effect on the dry-shrinkage of lining concrete, and the 56d dry-shrinkage value of concrete increases by about 8% with the increase of 20kg binder. The flexural strength and spitting tensile strength of lining concrete firstly increase and the decrease with the decrease of unilateral water content, and the unilateral water content should be controlled at about 140 kg/m3–145 kg/m3. The increase of sand ratio is unfavorable to the cracking sensitivity of lining concrete. The flexural strength and spitting tensile strength of lining concrete tend to decrease with the increase of limestone powder content, and the limestone powder content should be controlled within 20%.
Evaluation and Analysis of the Effect of Anti-slide Piles Around Pile Foundations of Super Large and Large Span Projects
Authors: Zhang Nan , Dai Ya , Wang Bo , Li Boyi , Xu Weizhou , Ye Chao
Published: July 2024

In this study, the three-dimensional finite element numerical analysis was carried out on the anti-sliding characteristics of cement mixing piles around the foundation of the north collapse tower, and the influence of the length and number of rows of anti-slide piles around the pile foundation on the deformation of the pile foundation was systematically studied. When the anti-slide pile length increases from 0 m to 20 m, the pile foundation deformation decreases with the increase of the anti-slide pile length, but the decrease rate is less than 5%. When the length of the anti-slide piles is 10 m and 20 m, after the anti-slide piles on both sides of the large-span foundation increase from 3 rows to 5 rows, the horizontal and vertical deformation of the pile foundation decreases, but the deformation of the pile foundation decreases. Less than 2%. By installing tie beams, the four pile groups of the large-span foundation form an integral structure. The overall horizontal resistance is already strong, but the horizontal resistance provided by cement mixing piles is limited.
Development of Pre Drilling In-Situ Rock Mass Shear Measurement System
Authors: Zhong Zicheng
Published: July 2024

In engineering construction, it is of great significance to calculate the shear strength and internal friction Angle of rock mass. Compared with laboratory test and theoretical analysis, in-situ test can maintain the essential state of rock mass to the maximum extent, and obtain multiple groups of test data conveniently and quickly. The pre drilling in situ rock mass shear measurement system is independently developed. The system is described from the aspects of shear principle, overall design, hardware design and software platform. The system can get the shear strength parameters of rock mass quickly and efficiently, and the linear correlation of test data is high.
Mechanical Property Analysis of a Deployable Tape-Spring Boom Using for Aerospace Structures
Authors: Wang Sicong , Sun Haizhen , Sun Lining
Published: July 2024

Deployable coilable tape-spring booms have many advantages especially for use in space, such as light-weight, high folded-ratio and small storage volume. The boom’s folding and deploying process is accompanied with the large-scaled deformation of thin-walled materials, which may damage the boom on stress concentration points. For the sake of avoiding failures during coiling and deployment process, this paper aimed at acquiring the critical points on a boom which were vulnerable to be destroyed. Since the interactions of the boom’s infinitesimals were complicated, a numerical model was considered to be introduced. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of the boom’s deployed state were also analyzed for a better design, and both the deploying and deployed behaviors were further analyzed through parametric study. The research of this paper will give more guidance on the design of tape-spring booms and the selection of the key parameters.
Hydraulic Characteristics of Undular Hydraulic Jumps Over Different Bed Roughness
Authors: Lan Xinyu , Zhang Jingmei , Wang Hang
Published: July 2024

Occurrence of undular hydraulic jumps has impact on sediment transport and bank erosion in estuarine areas. The hydraulic properties vary when it forms on a rough bed, leading to modification of turbulent mixing processes. This paper reports on a study of undular hydraulic jumps generated with different types of bed roughness including smooth, rough rubber-matted and grated beds. The experiment was conducted with a flow rate of 241 m3/h using acoustic displacement meters (ADMs) and an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). The obtained results reveal a discernible descending order in the undulations of the first three waves: smooth, grated, and rough rubber mat. In instances where roughness deviates to either extreme—being excessively small or large—the undulation of the first three waves intensifies. Through both free surface wave and turbulent flow field evolution experiments, it was determined that the roughness of the bed primarily influences the first wave, exerting the most pronounced impact on the crest of the initial wave. As the wave progresses, this influence gradually diminishes. Therefore, this article further posits that heightened bed roughness corresponds to an increased fluctuation in velocity at the bottom of the first peak, resulting in a weakened impact of toe jump oscillation on the flow field. Consequently, this diminishes the likelihood of negative velocity occurrences.
Comparative Analysis of Vibration Characteristics Testing for Different Pumped Storage Power Station Plants
Authors: Wang Shengjun , Xu Lianghua , Xiao Wei , Liu Guoqing
Published: July 2024

The excitation force of the plant structural vibration of pumped storage power station mainly comes from hydraulic excitation, which is obviously related to the cascade combination formed by the number of runner blades and the number of movable guide vanes of the unit. The main frequency of the excitation force is closely related to the minimum pitch diameter number of the unit. The analysis of the vibration test data of the typical pumped storage power station plants showed that the structural vibration spectrum caused by the cascade combination unit with the minimum pitch diameter number equaled 1 or 2, generally manifests as a single main frequency and a large vibration amplitude of the plant. While, the structural vibration spectrum caused by the cascade combination unit with the minimum pitch diameter number equaled 4 is relatively dispersed, and the vibration amplitude of the plant is relatively low. The above research indicates that the vibration amplitude of the plant has a significant decrease by using the cascade combination unit with the minimum pitch diameter number equaled 4, which is very beneficial for the vibration reduction of the plant.
Stability Analysis of Tailrace Outlet Slope at Right Bank of Kala Hydropower Station
Authors: Pan Bing , Hu Shuhong , Wu Weiwei , Cheng Yongjin , Jiang Zhen
Published: July 2024

The tailrace outlet slope located on the right bank of the Kala hydropower station represents a typical bedding slope characterized by a moderate to large dip angle. The excavation at the toe of the slope create favourable conditions for rock mass deformation and failure. In order to evaluate the slope’s stability, a thorough investigation and analysis of the engineering geological conditions are conducted. Additionally, the stress-strain characteristics resulting from the slope excavation are simulated utilizing the discrete element software 3DEC. Finally, the strength reduction method is used to evaluate the safety factor of the slope. The research results show that the stability of the slope is notably influenced by the presence of medium and large dip structural planes, the cutting excavation at slope toe can lead to deformation and localized block instability. The implementation of the system pre-stressed cables effectively increases the safety factor of the slope and ensures the stability of the tailrace outlet slope. These findings will provide valuable references for the design of similar rock slopes.
Hydrogeology-Induced Retrogressive Slope Toe Failure Initiation: A Coupled Physical and Numerical Modeling Approach
Authors: Gidday Biruk Gissila , Gidday Bisrat Gissila
Published: July 2024

The conceptual premise of the current study is that the chronological effect of geologic parameters and hydrologic variation has been enhancing the toe slope since then, and hence the natural slope has remained stable. To capture the phenomenon, in addition to an intensive literature review and the subsequent findings and rationales, comprehensive laboratory testing, physical flume experiments, and numerical modeling were performed. The flume experiments were extensively instrumented (pore pressure transducers, suction sensors, strain transducers, and tracer chemicals) to observe the retrogressive failure mechanism. The results show that the abrupt change in slope toe stress caused by an increase in slope angle, rise in pore water pressure, and dissipation of soil suction were responsible for radical change in strain and sudden failure. Findings show that the slope toe section was the spot of failure initiation and was subjected to sudden failure associated with accelerated retrogressions. Physical flume assessment and numerical simulations both show that modifying the slope toe could increase overall slope stability. Hence, slope toe contributes far more to slope stability than previously thought. Even though the soil type range and slope angle at which the retrogressive failure occurs remain a source of considerable ambiguity, proper slope toe treatment can be regarded as a critical remedy measure.
The Effect of Glass Fiber on the Notched Izod Impact Strength of Polybutylene Terephthalate/Glass Fiber Blends’
Authors: Khanh Luong Quoc , Phuc Tran Hoang , Quang Nguyen Dinh , Nga Pham Thi Hong , Anh Pham Quan , Tan Nguyen Thanh , Nu Ho Thi My
Published: July 2024

Improving the fire resistance of polymer and construction materials is an urgent requirement today. This article aims to study the incorporation of Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), a versatile polymer used in most glass fiber (GF) combination fields, to study their fire resistance and impact resistance for manufacturing battery housings. We conducted injection molding and scanning electrode microscopy (SEM) and had the expected results. The impact strength of PBT/GF samples measured according to ASTM D256 is 4.69, 4.43, 3.71, 4.67, and 6.28 kJ/m2. The PBT/25% GF sample achieved the highest average impact range of 6.28 kJ/m2. The suitable GF content in the mixture is from 20–30%. Combined with SEM microstructure, it was found that the content and density of GF distribution have a positive effect on the mixture, making the bond between them remarkably tight and robust. Thanks to the property of GF, which is non-flammable, it makes the material more effective fire resistant. This research is the basis for scientific developments that help solve the problem of impact resistance of this new plastic in production and is a premise for other research purposes in the future.
Analysis of the Inclined Impact Resistance Characteristics of Concrete Structures Against Projectiles
Authors: Xu Xiangyu , Wu Yingxiang , Jia Yifan , Gan Songping
Published: July 2024

The research involved the use of commonly utilized concrete materials as the target plate, with a specially designed 76 mm projectile intended to impact the concrete structure at a specific angle. The goal was to conduct numerical simulation research on the deflection of the projectile under oblique impact conditions and analyze the concrete structure’s ability to resist penetration under such conditions. Through numerical simulation calculations, various aspects of the oblique impact were studied, including ricochet patterns under different projectile velocities and angles of incidence, as well as the resulting damage to both the projectile and the target plate, penetration depth, and deflection angle of the projectile. The findings showed that, compared to vertical penetration, the concrete structure exhibited superior deflection and cover-plate effectiveness under oblique impact conditions. The ricochet patterns observed could potentially inform the design of concrete anti-ballistic structures.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Mixing Time on the Performance of High Strength Concrete
Authors: Ma Xiangwei , Zhu Xiuzhi , Zeng Junjie , Zhao Shangchuan , Liu Longlong
Published: July 2024

To solve the problem of concrete quality caused by non-standard mixing time of high-strength concrete and improve the durability life of concrete structures, based on the working performance and mechanical properties of concrete, effect of mixing time on the workability and strength was studied. In this paper, for high-strength concrete with water-binder ratios of 0.31 and 0.38, the mixing time was 120 s, 160 s, 180 s and 240 s. The effects of different mixing times on the fluidity, cohesion and water retention of high-strength concrete and the compressive strength of 28 days were studied. The test results show that the appropriate mixing time benefits the working performance of concrete and the development of concrete strength. Based on the workability and mechanical properties of concrete, the mixing time of concrete with a water-binder ratio of 0.38 is 160 s, and the mixing time of concrete with a water-binder ratio of 0.31 is 180 s. To ensure the excellent uniformity, compactness, workability and mechanical properties of concrete, the mixing time should consider the slump and the water-binder ratio of concrete. For concrete with a water-binder ratio of 0.31 to 0.38, the mixing time can change from 180 to 160 s.
Reimagining Household Cooking: A Critical Assessment of Improved Cookstoves Implementation for Sustainable Development
Authors: Kaneriya Yejashva , Dohare Devendra , Khatib Milad
Published: July 2024

Food is one of the most important components for the survival of humans. Women suffer the most impacts of the cooking harmful gases and particulate matters that are 2.5 microns (PM2.5) or less such as PM10. Improved cookstoves are used to reduce firewood consumption, lower the smoke released from the kitchen, help women improve their health, and conserve native trees in the area. Sustainably managed biomass, unlike the burning of fossil fuels, is considered carbon neutral since it does not contribute to the overall carbon emissions in the atmosphere. In 2015, the United Nation mentioned 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030. This research aims to assess an improvement in the cookstove implementation level within the clean development, by reducing the carbon emissions following the Indian perspective for the program of better cookstoves.
Design and Application of Multidimensional Monitoring and Early Warning System for Tunnel Safety
Authors: Jiang Hongliang , Lu Chaobo , Yang Tingwei , Xiong Chunfa
Published: July 2024

The tunnel project has a large one-time investment, a long construction period, and potential safety hazards. During the operation period, structural cracks, voids, deformation, dislocation, water leakage and other diseases may occur, which greatly reduces the use function of the tunnel and threatens its safety in construction and operation. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the development and research of tunnel safety monitoring and early warning system to pre-perceive and predict the working state and disease characteristics of the tunnel structure and timely warn. Aiming at the working state and disease characteristics of the tunnel, this paper discusses how to obtain the dynamic changes of the working state and disease characteristics of the key parts of the tunnel in real time, and optimizes the design of the tunnel safety monitoring and early warning system. A multi-dimensional monitoring and early warning system for tunnel safety is recommended, which can control the working state and disease changes of the tunnel in real time, and improve the service quality and service life of the tunnel.
Research on Prefabricated Building Wall Technology Based on SAR Theory
Authors: Liu Jinwei , Li Qiuna
Published: July 2024

The article introduces the origin of SAR theory and its important guiding role in the research of prefabricated building technology. Based on SAR theory, this paper found that skeleton safety is fundamental in various technologies of prefabricated buildings, and the diversity, functionality, and sustainability of separable components, including wall systems, are the main research directions for future prefabricated building technologies in China. In this paper, the research on prefabricated building wall technology is conducted from the following aspects: Prefabricated building wall support system technology; prefabricated building exterior wall panel technology; Diversity of prefabricated building exterior walls.
Development Situation of Assembly Building in Chongqing
Authors: Liang Qiushuang , Yang Haiyan , Liang Qiujin
Published: July 2024

In recent years, various relevant national policies have been clearly proposed to vigorously develop assembled buildings, taking the development of assembled buildings as an important development strategy in China, and as one of the important directions for the rapid development of building structures. Chongqing Municipality also closely follow the national policy to respond to the call to take various measures to promote the development of local assembly building, this paper describes the concept and characteristics of assembly building, from the policy, data, technology and other support systems to analyze the current situation of the development of assembly building in Chongqing Municipality, the introduction of Chongqing Municipality, part of the typical assembly structure, the actual engineering application case study.
Study on Ultimate Bearing Capacity of CFRP-Reinforced Concrete Under Reciprocating Load
Authors: Wang Qi , Yao Shunzhong
Published: July 2024

Objective: To study the ultimate bearing capacity of CFRP- reinforced concrete under reciprocating load. Methods: Firstly, a number of CFRP- reinforced concrete specimens were made on the test platform, and the overall compression was adopted to meet the test requirements. Secondly, the load-displacement curve of the specimen is drawn to determine the displacement change of the compression limit state. Finally, the load-deformation situation is analyzed, and the compressive ultimate bearing capacity of the specimen at each position is analyzed to determine the compressive ultimate bearing capacity of the specimen. Results: The compression state of CFRP-reinforced concrete can not be changed by winding CFRP and changing the strength of steel tube. The smaller the overall deformation, the higher the ultimate bearing capacity of CFRP-reinforced concrete. Conclusion: The ultimate compressive bearing capacity of CFRP-reinforced concrete is related to the slenderness ratio, the number of CFRP layers and the circumferential fiber yarn, which plays an important role in improving the strength of CFRP-reinforced concrete.
A Method of Concrete Surface Crack Detection Using an Improved Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Model
Authors: He Zhexin , Zhang Huan
Published: July 2024

This essay spotlights concrete crack detection in infrastructure maintenance, highlighting its importance for structural integrity, cost-effectiveness, and eco-consciousness. It delves into various detection methods and introduces an improved VGG-16-based deep learning model with batch normalization, P-ReLU activation, and Adam optimization for better training outcomes. Through experiments on the MendeleyData-CrackDetection dataset, the enhanced model outperforms the original. This study underscores the significance of hyperparameter optimization and algorithm choice in deep learning.
Research on Quality Inspection Method of Reinforcement Sleeve Grouting Joint
Authors: Shen Duwen , Gan Qili , Li Langhua
Published: July 2024

At present, the connection of vertical members of prefabricated concrete structures in our country is mainly based on reinforcement sleeve grouting technology, which is a hidden project, and the inspection of construction quality determines the evaluation of connection quality. Therefore, this paper introduces the construction quality detection technology of sleeve grouting currently commonly used in our country, and analyzes the applicability and effectiveness of different quality detection methods for reinforcement sleeve grouting joint joints from the aspects of filling degree of grouting material and insert length of steel bar, which determine the quality of sleeve grouting, and combined with the actual detection situation of engineering projects.
Research on Design Method of Prefabricated Concrete Structure Based on BIM Technology
Authors: Zhang Yunlai , Shi Xiajuan
Published: July 2024

At present, in the construction of engineering, prefabricated buildings are increasing, this kind of building has a high degree of standardization, fast construction speed and low cost, and has become an important part of the development of modern architecture. In prefabricated buildings, the design of concrete structures has a direct impact on building quality and cost. In this process, through the effective application of BIM technology, it can promote the optimization of concrete structure design, provide reliable guidance for the overall construction design, and promote the continuous improvement of architectural design benefits. This paper analyzes the basic characteristics of prefabricated engineering, analyzes the advantages of using BIM technology in the design of prefabricated concrete structure, and explores the design method of prefabricated concrete structure based on BIM technology. Finally, the application prospect of BIM technology in prefabricated engineering explains the application value of BIM technology in its concrete structure design.
CFD Numerical Simulation Analysis of Wind Load Based on BIM
Authors: Wang Yiping , Wang Bo
Published: July 2024

For high-rise circular buildings, based on the values of wind load shape coefficients without similar shapes in the building structural load specifications, this project is based on BIM technology and combines BIM technology with CFD technology. Through CFD numerical simulation method, SST k-w turbulence model is used to simulate the surrounding wind field and 8 wind directions of the simplified single building model, and the overall and local wind loads of the building are studied and analyzed, determine the wind load shape coefficient to provide reference for circular buildings. The conclusion is that the windward walls and lower surfaces of circular buildings are mainly under positive pressure, while the leeward walls, sides, lower surfaces, and roofs are generally under negative pressure; The maximum positive pressure appears on the windward wall surface and lower surface of the outer ring, while the absolute value of the maximum negative pressure of the circular building appears at the edge of the inner and outer rings of the roof.
Experimental Research on Full-Scale Umbrella Shaped Structure
Authors: He Jianjun , Zheng Guanghui , Deng Jun , Hu Zebin
Published: July 2024

Umbrella-shape structure (US) were designed and used in the Jixiang service area of expressway, Heyuan Ctiy. To verify the safety of the US, the test of the full-scale US was done. The tested results indicated that the maximum tensile of cantilever steel was 32.96 MPa, which was smaller than the yield strength of steel; the maximum compressive strength of concrete was occurred in root of cantilever concrete beams with 4.98 MPa, which was also smaller than the concrete design strength; the US was in the elasticity stage under 338 kN.
Research on Promotion Strategy of Prefabricated Buildings in Rural Areas of Chongqing
Authors: Chen WanQing , Wang Yu , Sun JunXia , Gan QiLi
Published: July 2024

In order to promote the development of prefabricated buildings in rural areas of Chongqing, this paper sorted out the influencing factors of the promotion of prefabricated buildings in rural areas of Chongqing through literature analysis, policy analysis and social research statistics. A hierarchical structure model based on SWOT analysis theory was constructed, and the weight of each factor in the index layer was determined by AHP combined with SPSSAU online analysis tool, and the strength of each factor in the index layer was determined by questionnaire survey. Factor weight and factor strength together determine the comprehensive strength of each criterion layer, and then construct the promotion strategy model. The research results show that the rural prefabricated buildings in Chongqing belong to the pioneering strategic regional opportunity strategy type, which provides a basis for the formulation of prefabricated buildings policy and the promotion of prefabricated buildings.
Volumetric measurement of terminal ileal Crohn’s disease by magnetic resonance enterography: a feasibility study
Authors: Kumar Shankar , Rao Nikhil , Bhagwanani Anisha , Parry Thomas , Hameed Maira , Rahman Safi , Fitzke Heather E. , Holmes Judith , Barrow Benjamin , Bard Andrew , Menys Alex , Bennett David , Mallett Sue , Taylor Stuart A.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) interpretation of Crohn’s disease (CD) is subjective and uses 2D analysis. We evaluated the feasibility of volumetric measurement of terminal ileal CD on MRE compared to endoscopy and sMARIA, and the responsiveness of volumetric changes to biologics.

Methods

CD patients with MRE and contemporaneous CD endoscopic index of severity-scored ileocolonoscopy were included. A centreline was placed through the terminal ileum (TI) lumen defining the diseased bowel length on the T2-weighted non-fat saturated sequence, used by two radiologists to independently segment the bowel wall to measure volume (phase 1). In phase 2, we measured disease volume in patients treated with biologics, who had undergone pre- and post-treatment MRE, with treatment response classified via global physician assessment.

Results

Phase 1 comprised 30 patients (median age 29 (IQR 24, 34) years). Phase 2 included 12 patients (25 years (22, 38)). In phase 1, the mean of the radiologist-measured volumes was used for analysis. The median disease volume in those with endoscopically active CD was 20.9 cm3 (IQR 11.3, 44.0) compared to 5.7 cm3 (2.9, 9.8) with normal endoscopy. The mean difference in disease volume between the radiologists was 3.0 cm3 (limits of agreement −21.8, 15.9). The median disease volume of patients with active CD by sMARIA was 15.0 cm3 (8.7, 44.0) compared to 2.85 cm3 (2.6, 3.1) for those with inactive CD. Pre- and post-treatment median disease volumes were 28.5 cm3 (26.4, 31.2), 11 cm3 (4.8, 16.6), respectively in biological responders, vs 26.8 cm3 (12.3, 48.7), 40.1 cm3 (10, 56.7) in non-responders.

Conclusion

Volumetric measurement of terminal ileal CD by MRE is feasible, related to endoscopy and sMARIA activity, and responsive to biologics.

Clinical relevance statement

Measuring the whole volume of diseased bowel on MRE in CD is feasible, related to how biologically active the disease is when assessed by endoscopy and by existing MRE activity scores, and is sensitive to treatment response.

Key Points

MRE reporting for CD is subjective and uses 2D images rather than assessing the full disease volume.

Volumetric measurement of CD relates to endoscopic activity and shows reduced disease volumes in treatment responders.

This technique is an objective biomarker that can assess disease activity and treatment response, warranting validation.
Digital volumetric assessment of CIS and tumor mass compliments conventional histopathological assessment in muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: Lange Fabienne , Geppert Carol I. , Bahlinger Veronika , Bertz Simone , Stöhr Robert , Sikic Danijel , Taubert Helge , Wach Sven , Wullich Bernd , Hartmann Arndt , Eckstein Markus
Published: July 2024

Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder is a known parameter regarding the prognosis and recurrence tendency of urothelial carcinomas. Nevertheless, there is little evidence whether the amount of CIS or other precursor lesions, as well as the quantified tumor mass of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma, has an influence on the survival or recurrence rate of affected patients. From 80 patients with muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer and radical cystectomy, 23 samples each were obtained as part of a whole organ mapping in a single institution study, in which the precursor lesions and tumor area were digitally measured and further correlated to pathological standard parameters, patient survival, molecular luminal and basal subtypes, and immune infiltration. Significant correlations were found between tumor mass and surface lining CIS amount for pT-stage, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural infiltration. Furthermore, an increased tumor mass as well as an increased amount of CIS combined with an increased tumor mass showed a significantly reduced survival rate in multivariable analysis (HR = 2.75; P = 0.019 vs. HR = 3.54; P = 0.002) as well as a significantly increased recurrence. No correlations could be found with molecular subtypes and immune infiltration. The exact measurement of the tumor mass with and without the CIS surface area, whether manually or, more specifically, digitally, could be incorporated into routine diagnostics and implemented as an independent predictor for patient post-surgical outcomes. It can therefore serve as an additional predictor for risk stratification and, if necessary, intensified follow-up care or therapy.
The missing link: ARID1B non-truncating variants causing Coffin-Siris syndrome due to protein aggregation
Authors: Bosch Elisabeth , Güse Esther , Kirchner Philipp , Winterpacht Andreas , Walther Mona , Alders Marielle , Kerkhof Jennifer , Ekici Arif B. , Sticht Heinrich , Sadikovic Bekim , Reis André , Vasileiou Georgia
Published: July 2024

ARID1B is the most frequently mutated gene in Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS). To date, the vast majority of causative variants reported in ARID1B are truncating, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. In the absence of experimental data, only few ARID1B amino acid substitutions have been classified as pathogenic, mainly based on clinical data and their de novo occurrence, while most others are currently interpreted as variants of unknown significance. The present study substantiates the pathogenesis of ARID1B non-truncating/NMD-escaping variants located in the SMARCA4-interacting EHD2 and DNA-binding ARID domains. Overexpression assays in cell lines revealed that the majority of EHD2 variants lead to protein misfolding and formation of cytoplasmic aggresomes surrounded by vimentin cage-like structures and co-localizing with the microtubule organisation center. ARID domain variants exhibited not only aggresomes, but also nuclear aggregates, demonstrating robust pathological effects. Protein levels were not compromised, as shown by quantitative western blot analysis. In silico structural analysis predicted the exposure of amylogenic segments in both domains due to the nearby variants, likely causing this aggregation. Genome-wide transcriptome and methylation analysis in affected individuals revealed expression and methylome patterns consistent with those of the pathogenic haploinsufficiency ARID1B alterations in CSS cases. These results further support pathogenicity and indicate two approaches for disambiguation of such variants in everyday practice. The few affected individuals harbouring EHD2 non-truncating variants described to date exhibit mild CSS clinical traits. In summary, this study paves the way for the re-evaluation of previously unclear ARID1B non-truncating variants and opens a new era in CSS genetic diagnosis.
Vom COMPI-16 bis zur HOME-Station: 40 Jahre hardwarenahe Ausbildung am Institut für Computertechnik am Beispiel ausgewählter Projekte im Curriculum „Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik“
Authors: Bauer Friedrich
Published: July 2024

Das ICT hat schon vor mehreren Jahrzehnten damit begonnen, den Studierenden in der einen oder anderen Form Lösungen anzubieten, die zur selbstständigen Vertiefung des Lernstoffs abseits der Hörsäle und Laborräume geeignet sind. Je nach zu vermittelndem Wissensgebiet kommen hier auch Virtualisierungen zum Einsatz, die nicht nur leichter zu verteilen sind, sondern auch Einblicke in Bereiche ermöglichen, die den Lernenden bei Verwendung echter Hardware unzugänglich bleiben. Es wird ein historischer Überblick über die diesbezüglichen Entwicklungen am ICT gegeben.
Effects of Notches on Breakdown Pressures and Fracture Evolution in Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Powlay Ben , Karakus Murat , Amrouch Khalid , Chester Chris
Published: July 2024

Sustainable ore extraction in cave mining heavily relies on the effective fragmentation or caveability of the orebody. Since cave mining offers substantial benefits, it has gained popularity after preconditioning was introduced to help improve caveability. Therefore, hydraulic fracturing serves as a vital technique for risk management and cave stimulation. The increased rock competency and high stress levels in the rock mass around the orebody significantly influence fracturing and, thus, cavability processes. In order to improve the çefficiency of preconditioning by hydraulic fracturing to specific parts of the non-caving or poorly caving formations, the use of notches as artificial flaws offers an influence on the directionality of fracture propagation; this approach also has the potential to decrease the necessary breakdown pressures, thereby lifting limitations on the design and mechanical capabilities of fracturing campaigns and reducing required breakdown pressures, which could improve hydraulic fracturing capabilities. In this study, we studied the effects of notches on hydraulic fracturing performance under varying stress conditions. A number of hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted using different notch quantities and spacings. Notches were created parallel to the axis of confining stress, and specimens were then subjected to constant axial loads of 40 MPa under varying confining pressures ranging from 5 to 40 MPa. A supplementary 3-D discrete element method using 3DEC was performed, and the results were compared with the hydraulic fracturing experiment. The 3DEC models incorporated Darcy's Law to describe fluid flow through fractures, and the Mohr–Coulomb softening yield criterion was used to simulate failures on predefined surfaces, providing a thorough hydro-mechanical coupled solution. We found that introducing notches can effectively reduce the pressures needed for fracture initiation and growth. Moreover, with appropriate spacing, fracture direction can be controlled. This knowledge, combined with the use of numerical modelling, has advanced our understanding of fracture behaviour and the influence of notches on propagation paths under different stress regimes. These findings could potentially revolutionise the field of hydraulic fracturing, making it more efficient and sustainable.
Enhanced Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Implementation for Ugandan Fisherfolk: Pilot Intervention Outcomes
Authors: Bogart Laura M. , Musoke William , Mukama Christopher Semei , Allupo Stella , Klein David J. , Sejjemba Abdulrazake , Mwima Simon , Kadama Herbert , Mulebeke Ronald , Pandey Rakesh , Wagner Zachary , Mukasa Barbara , Wanyenze Rhoda K.
Published: July 2024

Mobile populations such as fisherfolk show high HIV incidence and prevalence. We pilot-tested implementation strategies to enhance pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and adherence in the context of healthcare outreach events in two mainland fisherfolk communities on Lake Victoria, Uganda from September 2021 to February 2022. The implementation strategies included PrEP adherence supporters (selected from PrEP users’ social networks), community workshops (to address misconceptions and stigma, and empower PrEP advocacy), and check-in calls (including refill reminders). PrEP medical records data were collected from 6-months pre-intervention to 6-months post-intervention. Qualitative interviews with 20 PrEP users (10 who continued, 10 who discontinued), 9 adherence supporters, and 7 key partners (providers, community leaders) explored acceptability. Percentages of PrEP initiators (of those eligible) were significantly higher during the intervention (96.5%) than 6-months before the intervention (84.5%), p < 0.0001; percentages of PrEP users who persisted (i.e., possessed a refill) 6-months post-initiation (47.9% vs. 6.7%) and had at least 80% PrEP coverage (based on their medication possession ratio) from the initiation date to 6-months later (35.9% vs. 0%) were higher during versus pre-intervention, p < 0.0001. A comparison fisherfolk community with better healthcare access had lower uptake (78.3%; p < 0.0001) and persistence at 6-months (34.0%; p < 0.001), but higher coverage during the intervention period (70.4%; p < 0.0001). Qualitative data suggested the strategies promoted PrEP use through reduced stigma and misconceptions. The intervention bundle cost was $223.95, $172.98, and $94.66 for each additional person for PrEP initiation, persistence, and coverage, respectively. Enhanced community-based PrEP implementation that fosters a supportive community environment can improve PrEP use in mobile populations without easy access to healthcare. (NCT05084716).
Allocation rules for communication situations with incompatibilities
Authors: Basallote Manuela , Gallardo José M. , Hernández-Mancera Carmen , Jiménez-Losada Andrés
Published: July 2024

In this article we analyze certain situations with restricted cooperation. To do this we introduce a model that combines two types of games well studied in the literature: graph-restricted games and games with incompatible players. In particular, our model extends Myerson’s model for communication situations and Bergantiños’ model for incompatible relationships. Our approach is based on the concept of profit measure, which allows us to deal simultaneously with both types of bilateral relationships. We show that in the situations considered there are multiple possible definitions of the profit achievable for each coalition. This leads us to introduce different allocation rules for these cooperative situations.
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Moral Foundations in Argumentation
Authors: Landowska Alina , Budzynska Katarzyna , Zhang He
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces moral argument analytics, a technology that provides insights into the use of moral arguments in discourse. We analyse five socio-political corpora of argument annotated data from offline and online discussions, totalling 240k words with 9k arguments, with an average annotation accuracy of 78%. Using a lexicon-based method, we automatically annotate these arguments with moral foundations, achieving an estimated accuracy of 83%. Quantitative analysis allows us to observe statistical patterns and trends in the use of moral arguments, whereas qualitative analysis enables us to understand and explain the communication strategies in the use of moral arguments in different settings. For instance, supporting arguments often rely on Loyalty and Authority, while attacking arguments use Care. We find that online discussions exhibit a greater diversity of moral foundations and a higher negative valence of moral arguments. Online arguers often rely more on Harm rather than Care, Degradation rather than Sanctity. These insights have significant implications for AI applications, particularly in understanding and predicting human and machine moral behaviours. This work contributes to the construction of more convincing messages and the detection of harmful or biased AI-generated synthetic content.
Academic anomie: implications of the ‘great resignation’ for leadership in post-COVID higher education
Authors: Watermeyer Richard , Bolden Richard , Knight Cathryn , Crick Tom
Published: July 2024

The experience of the COVID-19 pandemic has ignited a near universal rethink of what is tolerable or desirable in work settings. In higher education—where discontent has been exacerbated by the pandemic—the potential for a ‘great resignation’ is a very real threat. The long-term impact of a crisis management approach in universities has led to a state of ‘pandemia’, according to Watermeyer et al., (British Journal of Sociology of Education 42:651-666, 2021b), whereby academics feel alienated and subjected to a ‘toxic’ work environment that lacks shared purpose and values. This article draws on Durkheim’s notion of ‘anomie’ to explore what leads academics to leave the sector and to consider how the outward migration of staff could be addressed through changes to leadership and management practice. Evidence is taken from an online survey distributed in the United Kingdom (UK), which collected demographic information of n = 167 academics and open-text responses to a question which asked respondents to provide their reasons for quitting higher education. Four key themes emerge which elucidate a trajectory of academic anomie: (i) declining quality of academic management, (ii) the pandemic as a disruptive awakening, (iii) the erosion of values and meaning and (iv) a sense of being ‘trapped’ within academia. Potential resolutions are suggested in respect of what respondents identify as the root cause of staff attrition—toxic management culture. Collective and inclusive governance and commitment from academics at all career stages to the leadership of groups, departments, institutions and the wider higher education sector are advocated as antidotes to academic anomie.
Utilizing Carbon Dots Derived from Waste Face Masks for Pentachlorophenol Detection
Authors: Öztürk Dilek , Durmuş Mahmut
Published: July 2024

Pentachlorophenol is a very toxic chemical that is used as a pesticide, fungicide, herbicide, wood preservative, etc., and it should be monitored in terms of human health and environmental production. Another environmental problem is the increase in the use of facemasks, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides a value added chemicals to sustainability of recycling process. Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from waste facemasks and investigated their fluorescence sensor performances. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra of the synthesized carbon dots were recorded in different organic solvents. The sensor properties of these carbon dots against pesticides were investigated, and a ‘turn-off’ response was observed toward pentachlorophenol. The limit of detection was found 8.5 µM in the linear range from 43.3 µM to 375 µM. This study showed that waste plastics such as facemasks can be recycled to obtain carbon dots, which are used in different technological areas such as photocatalysis, bioimaging, etc., as well as in sensors.

Graphical Abstract
Ambient smart environments: affordances, allostasis, and wellbeing
Authors: White Ben , Miller Mark
Published: July 2024

In this paper we assess the functionality and therapeutic potential of ambient smart environments. We argue that the language of affordances alone fails to do justice to the peculiar functionality of this ambient technology, and draw from theoretical approaches based on the free energy principle and active inference. We argue that ambient smart environments should be understood as playing an'upstream' role, shaping an agent's field of affordances in real time, in an adaptive way that supports an optimal grip on a field of affordances. We characterise this optimal grip using precision weighting, and in terms of allostatic control, drawing an analogy with the role of precision weighting in metacognitive processes. One key insight we present is that ambient smart environments may support allostatic control not only by simplifying an agent's problem space, but by increasing uncertainty, in order to destabilise calcified, sub-optimal, psychological and behavioural patterns. In short, we lay an empirically-grounded theoretical foundation for understanding ambient smart environments, and for answering related philosophical questions around agency, trust, and subjective wellbeing.
Conjunctive explanations: when are two explanations better than one?
Authors: Glass David H. , Schupbach Jonah N.
Published: July 2024

When is it explanatorily better to adopt a conjunction of explanatory hypotheses as opposed to committing to only some of them? Although conjunctive explanations are inevitably less probable than less committed alternatives, we argue that the answer is not ‘never’. This paper provides an account of the conditions under which explanatory considerations warrant a preference for less probable, conjunctive explanations. After setting out four formal conditions that must be met by such an account, we consider the shortcomings of several approaches. We develop an account that avoids these shortcomings and then defend it by applying it to a well-known example of explanatory reasoning in contemporary science.
Microbiodiversity Landscape Present in the Mine-Tailings of the “Sierra de Huautla” Biosphere Reserve, Mexico
Authors: Fernández-López Maikel Gilberto , Sánchez-Reyes Ayixon , Rosas-Ramírez Marcos Eduardo , Balcázar-López Edgar
Published: July 2024

Large-scale mining activities generate significant amounts of waste that accumulates in the environment. These wastes, known as mine tailings, contain high levels of heavy metals, posing risks to human health and causing severe damage to ecosystems. In this study, we determined the heavy metal content of mine tailings in the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve (REBIOSH), Mexico, and investigated their effect on microbial composition. One of the sites historically contaminated with metals was sampled in three different locations, labeled S1, S2, and S3. A fourth site free of heavy metals (S4) was also used as a control. Our results showed high levels of As, Pb, Cd, and Ag, potentially dangerous metals that exceed thresholds set by international regulatory agencies. Metal contamination indices indicated moderate to extreme enrichment for As, Cd, and Pb, posing potential ecological risks. A metagenomic study of mine tailings showed a core specie-specific microbiome covered by Sinimarinibacterium flocculans, Jiangella anatolica, Thiobacillus denitrificans, Fontimonas thermophile, Sphingomonas koreensis. These may be associated with the processing of heavy metals. A comparative study using the ALDEx2 revealed that less represented species like Variovorax paradoxus, Usitatibacter rugosus, Usitatibacter palustris, Sphingosinicella microcystinivorans, Sphingobium yanoikuyae, and Stella humosa may serve as microbial markers in metal-contaminated environments. In addition, we detected rare or low-abundance species belonging to the phylum Armatimonadota, Candidatus Melainobacteriota, Candidatus Saccharimonadota, Chlamydiota, Deinococcota, Elusimicrobiota, Bacillota, Rhodothermota and Verrucomicrobiota, which could play an important role in ecosystems contaminated with heavy metals. Also, we found site-specific taxonomic representatives such as Nitrososphaera gargensis and Nitrospira nitrificans dominating the S3 ecosystem; Ensifer aridi (S2 and S1), N. nitrificans (S2), while Reyranella soli dominate the S1 soil. These organisms could be crucial for nitrogen access in oligotrophic environments and underscore the adaptability of microbial life to extreme conditions. This is the first comprehensive study of the microbial composition in this important ecological site of the Mexican geography and can provide future guidance for the management and biological treatment of mining wastes.