bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shallow-water nearshore benthic foraminifera assemblages from Gabon
Authors: Langer Martin R. , Mouanga Gloria H. , Fajemila Olugbenga T.
Published: April 2022

The Gulf of Guinea is a hotspot of marine diversity, with unique biotas. We provide the first survey of shallow-water foraminifera from nearshore coastal waters of Gabon, an area from which modern benthic foraminifera are virtually unknown. We document the composition of benthic assemblages and assess their biogeographic relation to adjacent faunal provinces. Our analysis survey documents that shallow-water sediments harbor abundant and relatively diverse assemblages of symbiont-bearing and other smaller foraminifera. The 39 species recorded from nearshore coastal waters off Gabon contrast with lower diversity assemblages previously documented from offshore hydrocarbon drilling waste disposal sites. The assemblages of benthic foraminifera recovered suggest a deeply-rooted species diversity, where the true number of foraminiferal taxa present in Gaboneseâ€™s pristine waters remains yet to be discovered. The composition of foraminiferal biotas found off Gabon shows them to be distinct from faunas recorded from off Namibia and South Africa, indicating the presence of a marine biogeographic barrier.
Pseudonubeculina arabica n. gen. n. sp., a new Holocene benthic foraminifera from the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Amao Abduljamiu O. , Kaminski Michael A.
Published: April 2022

This paper describes an enigmatic new agglutinated benthic foraminiferal genus and species that shares some morphological features with the Reophax, Hormosina and Nubeculina groups. Pseudonubeculina arabica n.gen. n.sp. is characterized by its uniserial chamber arrangement, coarsely agglutinated bilamellar test wall with white high-Mg calcite cement, and a terminal slit-like aperture formed by the flat sides of two or more large agglutinated grains. The new genus cannot be placed within any of the previously described families of the Miliolida. The current classification of the Miliolida does not accommodate a genus with a wholly uniserial chamber arrangement. This species can easily be distinguished by its prominent terminal slit-like aperture, formed using the flat sides of two or more large agglutinated grains, lined by an imperforate rim of secreted calcite. The species has a restricted area and depth distribution in the Arabian Gulf.
Genotypes of Septatrocholina and Alzonorbitopsella, two new Jurassic foraminifera: subsequent designations
Authors: BouDagher-Fadel Marcelle K.
Published: April 2022

When the genera Septatrocholina BouDagher-Fadel and Banner and Alzonorbitopsella BouDagher-Fadel were erected (BouDagher-Fadel 2008, pp. 161; 175), the genotypes Septatrocholina banneri and Alzonorbitopsella arabia, respectively, were described and figured, but through an oversight the holotypes and paratypes were not identified among the illustrated specimens. The type specimens are here subsequently designated, in accordance with ICZN 1999, article 69, and are further described. The type specimen slides are deposited in the invertebrate collections of the Natural History Museum, London.
A well-preserved conodont fauna from the Pennsylvanian Excello Shale of Iowa, U. S. A.
Authors: Nestell Merlynd K. , Wardlaw Bruce R. , Pope John P.
Published: April 2022

A superbly preserved discrete element conodont fauna has been recovered from carbonate concretions from the upper Desmoinesian (Pennsylvanian) Excello Shale at two localities in south-central Iowa. The multielement apparatuses for Gondolella wardlawi (new species), Idiognathodus acutus, Idioprioniodus conjunctus, and Neognathodus roundyi are reconstructed. Rare specimens of Idiognathodus tuberis (new species) also occur in the fauna.
Early-Middle Eocene Nummulites and isotope stratigraphy from the Nile Valley and Bahariya Oasis, Egypt
Authors: Al Menoufy Safia , Boukhary Mohamed , Abul-Nasr Radwan , Cherif Omar
Published: April 2022

A review of the Nummulites in collections from Eocene limestones in Egypt identifies eighteen distinct species. including four that are recognized here as new: Nummulitesminiaensis, N. benihassani, N. shurafaensis and N . niloticus. Sixteen of these species occur in early to middle Eocene (Ypresian to Lutetian) assemblages from the Minia and Samalut Formations in theNileValley sequence, assigned to the SBZ (shallow benthic zones) 10-12, while two occur in the Bartonian sequence of the Qazzun and El Hamra Formations of Bahariya Oasis, in SBZ 17-18. In order to develop a sound Eocene bio-chronostratigraphy based on accurately identified Nummulites, we correlate the units defined by the Nummulites species described here with standard microfossil biozones based on planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplanoton. Also, in order to understand the time relationship of species in different lineages, the paleoecologic setting of each Nummulites occurrence is correlated with 18O and 13C stable isotope analysis.
Systematics, age, paleoecology and paleobiogeography of Jurassic foraminifera from Fakirwari Dome, Kutch, Gujarat, India
Authors: Bhat Bilal Ahmad , Talib Abu , Wasim Syed Md.
Published: April 2022

The studied section of the Chari Formation exposed at Fakirwari Dome, Kutch yielded rich foraminiferal assemblages comprising 54 species, ofwhich 22 are reported for the first time from the Indian region. The foraminiferal species are systematically described and employed for interpretations of age, paleoecology, and paleobiogeography. Although most of the foraminiferal species are rather long ranging, on the basis of a few species characteristic of the Callovian in diffrent parts of the world, a Callovian age is assigned to the studied sequence. Based on the dominance of suborder Lagenina, superfamily Nodosariacea, family Vaginulinidiae, calcareous hyaline forms, genus Lenticulina, wide ranging and fluctuating Fisher index, morphogroup K, and potential deep infaunal life habit group in the present assemblages, a shallow water, near shore, open marine middle shelf environment with frequently fluctuating shoreline having normal salinity and nomal to high level of oxygen is envisaged for the studied assemblages. The Middle Jurassic Fakirwari foraminiferal assemblages are assigned to a separate province of the Antiboreal Realm, the Indo-East African Province, located at the southern margin of the Tethyan Realm and transitional between the Tethyan and the Antiboreal realms.
Robert L. Fleisher
Authors: Dignes Thomas W.
Published: April 2022

Memorial
Diversity of foraminifera in a shallow restricted lagoon in Bahrain
Authors: Amao Abduljamiu Olalekan , Kaminski Michael A. , Setoyama Eiichi
Published: April 2022

We document the foraminiferal diversity across a semi-enclosed pool in eastern Bahrain that we named â€œMurrayâ€™s Poolâ€ because this is the same location as the one studied by Basson and Murray (1995), the only previous study of foraminifera in this sector of the Arabian Gulf. We subdivided the sampling area into six subenvironments based on distinguishable physical environmental features, namely tidal channel, tidal flat, Salicornia marsh, algal mat, sheltered inner lagoon, and back marsh pool. Faunal analysis from these six shallow-water subenvironments reveals two main assemblages of benthic foraminifera: an Ammonia convexa-Elphidium advenum-Peneroplis pertusus assemblage and an Ammonia convexa-Coscinospira hemprichii-Peneroplis pertusus assemblage. The most abundant species across all the subenvironments are Peneroplis pertusus, Ammonia convexa, Coscinospira hemprichii, and Elphidium advenum. Species assemblage composition and percentage abundances were determined for each subenvironment; the tidal flat subenvironment shows the highest total abundance, but has twenty-four fewer species compared to the sheltered inner lagoon. We also noted the proportions of living foraminifera and juveniles in all the subenvironments to understand the distribution of biofacies within the lagoon. The numbers of juvenile miliolid foraminifera are highest in the tidal channel and the two adjacent subenvironments of the tidal channel.
Late Campanian-Maastrichtian Kamptnerius magnificus acme in the South Atlantic section of the Southern Ocean, ODP Holes 690C and 700B
Authors: Guerra Rodrigo M. , Concheyro Andrea , Wise Jr Sherwood W. , Fauth Gerson
Published: April 2022

Coccolithophores are organisms with distribution largely controlled by temperature and availability of nutrients. For extinct calcareous nannofossils there are some uncertainties in assigning ecological preferences of taxa, however sometimes species occurrences exhibits striking high abundances showing clear preferences for certain environment, the so-called acme events. During quantitative analyses on samples from the South Atlantic section of the Southern Ocean (Holes 690C and 700B) a notable Kamptnerius magnificus acme was documented. This is the first time that such bioevent is described for the South Atlantic Ocean. Preliminary analysis indicates that this event probably is related to the cooling in sea-surface temperatures during the Late Campanian-Maastrichtian.
Status of the UCMP microfossil collection and reference list of its primary types
Authors: Finger Kenneth L.
Published: April 2022

The microfossil collection in the University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) in Berkeley is among the worldâ€™s largest. Its current holdings exceed 200,000 slides, 15,000 bulk samples, and two million washed residues. The UCMP database currently includes 10,191 type specimens of which 2,398 are primary types representing 10 microfossil groups. Although Cretaceous and Tertiary foraminifera from California and the south-central United States dominate the collection, it components are from all continents and oceans, range in age from Precambrian to Recent, and include specimens representing all 11 of the primary microfossil groups: foraminifera, ostracodes, calcareous nannoplankton, radiolarians, diatoms, silicoflagellates, conodonts, acritarchs, chitinozoans, dinocysts, and sporopollen. Also represented are chrysomonads, prasinophycean and coralline algae, ebriidians, and microplankton incertae sedis. The collection is dominated by the largest slide collection of fossil foraminifera from the West Coast of North America. Notable acquisitions in the past 25 years are the Loeblich and Tappan (UCLA) and Stanford University (LSJU) collections, and those donated by the regional divisions of Arco and Texaco. Adoption of these and other â€œorphanedâ€ collections by the UCMP ensures their preservation and convenient accessibility for future study. The UCMPcollection spans the history of micropaleontology on theWest Coast of the United States, which began at the end of the 19th Century with studies by non-local paleontologists. In early 1920s, when the oil industry realized the value of microfossils in subsurface correlation, micropaleontology blossomed in California (as well as Texas) as a career-worthy discipline and slide collections soon sprouted out of the necessity to archive data and to create taxonomic reference sets. The core of the UCMP collection comprises its native component and the adopted UCLA and LSJU collections, and accounts for the more than 50,000 slides, including more than 10,000 primary and secondary types. Approximately 40,000 of those slides, including all of the types, have been entered into the UCMP digital database, which is publically accessible online. The other 10,000 are UCLA glass slides (mostly of Paleozoic palynomorphs) that are currently being processed. There is an additional backlog of another 79,000 slides representing 19 collections from individual micropaleontologists and more than two million slides and sample residues from the West Coast divisions of Arco and Texaco. Although some progress has been made on those, it will be many years before their curation and database entry approaches completion.
Spearlithus, a new Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil genus from shallow marine settings of the Dominican Republic
Authors: da Gama Rui O. B. P.
Published: April 2022

Routine examination of calcareous nannofossil of Pleistocene sediments from the uplifted fringing reef margin of the southern Dominican Republic revealed a new group of incertae sedis. This article describes a new genus and twelve new species. The new taxa allow for enhanced straigraphic subdivisions: They are Spearlithus dekaenelii, Spearlithus lusitanicus, Spearlithus acutus, Spearlithus longus, Spearlithus hartiii, Spearlithus mcneillii, Spearlithus pospichalii, Spearlithus campbellii, Spearlithus klausii, Spearlithus cachaoi, Spearlithus covingtonii, and Spearlithus quasiovatus. Arange chart showing the stratigraphic distribution of these taxa is presented.
Ypresian Nummulitids from Gebel Hammam Faraun, Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Boukhary Mohamed , Abul-Nasr Radwan A. , Shreif Abeer
Published: April 2022

Eocene rocks of the Waseiyit Formation are exposed at Gebel Hammam Faraun, on the eastern coast of the Gulf of Suez in west central Sinai (Egypt). The formation represents gravity flow sediments deposited in response to early Eocene tectonic activity. Three species of the genus Nummulites were encountered in this formation: Nummulites burdigalensis de la Harpe 1926, Nummulites alpinus Schaub 1951 and Ruetimeyerina murchisoni (RÃ¼timeyer 1850) n.gen. The three species assign the Waseiyit Formation to the Early Eocene, at the base of the Late Ypresian (shallow benthic zone SBZ 10). These findings show that granulated Nummulites such as N. burdigalensis first occurred at the base of the Late Ypresian, just after the appearance of non-granulated Nummulites in the earliest Ypresian. The Nummulites assemblage recorded by Boukhary et al. (1998) differs from assemblages previously collected from the Monastery of St. Paul area (Eastern Desert, Egypt). The St. Paul assemblage contains Nummulites praeatacicus, Nummulites sahariensis and Bassiounina sanctipauli and is therefore older than the material recorded by Boukhary et.al. (1998) from theWaseiyit Formation. Biotic differences between the two sites suggest that specific faunal elements are indicative for early and late Ypresian deposits.
Halimedacean and Udoteacean calcareous algae from the Early Eocene subsurface carbonates platform of the Bengal Basin, India: paleoenvironmental aspects
Authors: Humane Sumedh K. , Humane Samaya S. , Chaurpagar Savita N. , Kundal P.
Published: April 2022

The calcareous algae are widespread in the early Eocene, shallow marine subsurface Sylhet Limestone Formation of the Bengal Basin, India. The study of these limestones revealed the presence of 07 Halimedacean algal species such as Halimeda incrassata (Ellis) Lamouroux, Halimeda tuna (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux, Halimeda cylindracea Decaisne, Halimeda nana Pia, Halimeda simulans Howe, Halimeda opuntia (Decaisne) Agardh and Halimeda sp. and 03 Udoteacean algal species such as Ovulites pyriformis Schwager,Ovulites arabica (Pfender) Massieux and Ovulitesmargaritula Lamarck for the first time. The possible reason for the prolific growth of the Halimeda in the early Eocene carbonates of the Bengal Basin may be the nutrients brought by the then river runoff and the currents existed along the shelf. The dominance of halimedacean and udoteacean algae associated with dasycladaleans indicate that the early Eocene Sylhet Limestone of the Bengal Basin was deposited under shallow, warm, tropical, open lagoonal to shelf environment at the depth of 5-6 m below low tide level with Tethyan affinity.
A new methodology for extracting foraminifera from lithified carbonate rocks and fine-grained sediments: Consecutive uses of dilute acid and basic solutions (DAB)
Authors: Gocmenoglu Firat
Published: April 2022

Morphologic characters are of primary importance in identifying foraminifera.Within the last few decades, the use of either dilute acidic (acetolysis) or basic solutions has become widespread for extracting microfossils exhibiting less than optimum preservation in strongly lithified rocks, particularly limestones and claystones. Previous studies have involved the use of different acid or basic solutions for micropaleontologic purposes. This study proposes a new method (Dilute acidic and basic solutions; DAB), which is based on the consecutive use of acidic and basic solutions to free benthic and planktic foraminifera from carbonate rocks (argillaceous limestones, marls, phosphatic limestones, chalks) and fine-grained siliciclastics (claystone). It has been successfully employed to prepare micropaleontologic samples from Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) deposits of the Dababiya Quarry Corehole (Upper Nile Valley, Egypt) of which carbonate content varies between 10-80%. The successive use of these solutions yielded good recovery for quantitative analysis but the effects on preservation (i.e. etching) still remain problematic in some cases. Additional heating of solutions provided promising results to reduce the disaggregation time. Processing time may vary depending upon the terrigenous and organic material content for carbonates and claystones. It can be reduced by monitoring the process, or using some other equipment such as a magnetic stirrer.
Middle Miocene calcareous nannofossils from the Upper Bhuban Formation of Mizoram, Indo-Burma Range
Authors: Lokho Kapesa , Saxena R. K. , Raju D. S. N. , Kumar Ankit
Published: April 2022

The Indo-Burmamountain range represents an accretionary wedge which resulted from subduction of the Indian plate beneath the Eurasian plate. It is situated between the eastern Himalayan Namche Barwa syntaxis and the Sumatraâ€“Andaman subduction zone.The rocks exposed in the Mizo Hills form a part of the Indo-Burma range. Although the geology of theMizo Hills has been studied for decades, fundamental aspects of age and paleoenvironment remain debatable. In this study, calcareous nannofossils have been used for refining the biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment of the Upper Bhuban Formation (UBF) of a part of Mizoram. A calcareous nannofossil assemblage comprising eleven species of eight genera have been recognized. Though the nannofossil yield is poor with a moderate to low preservation, their study is significant in determination of age and paleoenvironment. By integrating the calcareous nannofossil and known foraminiferal assemblage data, we constrain the studied succession to Calcareous Nannofossil Zone CNM7 of Backman et al. 2012 which is equivalent to early part of the middle Miocene. The relatively good abundance of Helicosphaera, presence of Discoasters and the published foraminiferal data indicate hemipelagic depositional setting for the UBF in Mizoram.
Size and shape variations of Discoaster quinqueramus in the Late Miocene NN11 Zone of offshore Gulf of Guinea region
Authors: Fadiya Suyi Lawrence
Published: April 2022

A detailed study on the distribution and morphology of Discoaster quinqueramus carried out within the Late Miocene NN11 zone of three basins (NigerDelta, Benin and Joint Development Zone of Nigeria/Sao Tome and Principe) in the Gulf of Guinea revealed the stratigraphic value of the taxon in terms of age and particulary the subzonal resolutions. This index calcareous nannofossil is widely distributed throughout the Niger Delta and the adjoining basins. The importance as a stratigraphic tool in regional and field-specific studies in the region, was found to be aided by the recognized size and shape variations, aswell as the distributional patterns throughout approximately a-three million year stratigraphic range. These three distinctive morphotypes - Discoaster bergenii, Discoaster berggrenii and Discoaster quinqueramus were clearly distinguished. They evolved as a medium-sized, 5-rayed, star-shaped form, with about a double distance relationship of the central area to the free ray length (Discoaster bergenii). They gradually developed into robust forms with a gradual reduction in the central area, having the free ray length approximately double of the central area (Discoaster berggrenii). Thiswas succeeded by formswith further reduction in the central area to the free ray lengthwhich sometimes tripled the central area (Discoaster quinqueramus) at the upper part of the zone. Knowledge of the size with shape variation, their quantitative relationship as well as the distribution of the morphotypes, have been used to determine their relative positions within the NN11 stratigraphic zone. These criteria enhanced the delineation of three stratigraphically important subzones thus â€“ Discoaster bergenii subzone, Discoaster berggrenii abundance subzone and Discoaster quinqueramus abundance subzone.
Neonummulites gen. nov., representing a phylogenetic link between evolute and involute nummulitines
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sanjay Kumar
Published: April 2022

A new genus Neonummulites gen. nov. and its two new species - Neonummulites depressa sp. nov. and Neonummulites granuli sp. nov.- are designated and described from the middle Eocene succession of Gujarat India.With planispiral coiling, undivided simple chambers andmarginal cord, the new genus belongs to the subfamily Nummulitinae. It is conspicuous in axial section by evolute chambers and evolute whorl walls during the premature stage and involute chambers and involute whorl walls at the mature stage. The commonly occurring change from involute to evolute coiling is considered a generic feature in the subfamily, and in this regard, a change of coiling from evolute to involute during ontogeny is given due importance as a generic feature. With the absence of transverse trabeculae in the polar area, the premature part possesses some distinctive characters of evolute Operculina whereas with trabeculae, septal filaments and moderately thickmarginal cord in the extra-polar area, themature part resembles involute Nummulites. The successive development of the features of evolute and involute nummulitines during the ontogeny suggests Neonummulites gen. nov. possibly represents a phylogenetic link between the two principal genera. Of its two recognized species, Neonummulites depressa sp. nov. is distinct with thin discoidal smooth test having a mild depression on the one side, andwith inflated lenticular test Neonummulites granuli sp. nov. is distinct with heavy polar granulations.
Ungrooved species of Idiognathodus from the lower Gzhelian (Pennsylvanian) Heebner Shale, Midcontinent North America, U.S.A.
Authors: Hogancamp Nicholas J. , Barrick James E.
Published: April 2022

Species of the Idiognathodus simulator group, which possess an eccentric groove and asymmetrical P1 element pairs, dominate the conodont fauna of the basal Gzhelian (Upper Pennsylvanian) Heebner Shale in Midcontinent North America, but they are accompanied by two series of smaller more typical Idiognathodus P1 elements lacking an eccentric groove. Landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses show that one series of these P1 elements possesses the same pattern of P1 element asymmetry and similar platform shapes as species of the I. simulator group, and are here designated as I. boardmani sp. nov. These P1 elements occur in small numbers through the entire thickness of the Heebner Shale at the three sections studied. The second series of P1 elements, which includes the species I. tersus Ellison 1941, differs by possessing nearly symmetrical P1 element pairs,more symmetrical platform margins, an arched platform and long adcarinal ridges. Specimens of the I. tersus group were recovered only from the uppermost part of the Heebner Shale in the southernmost section studied, which indicates a different ecological preference from the species of the I. simulator group.
Construction and Economic Aspects of Bullet Train in Comparative Analysis with Conventional Train
Authors: Ms. Isha Kumbhar  , Dr. M. B. Kumthekar
Published: April 2022

As one of India's most ambitious projects, a High-Speed Rail (HSR) line between Mumbai and Ahmadabad, gains attraction, the country is poised to create history. On the Global HSR, take a major step forward in terms of development and join the league of industrialized nations. Highway gridlock, airport delays, and unpleasant journeys will soon be a thing of the past. Our very own 'bullet' train, so named because of its bullet- like shape and speed, will be tearing through the landscape of west India, traversing the 508 kilometer trip between the two financial capitals in just over two hours. When compared to existing journey times of roughly nine hours (by bus) or six hours (by train), this will save a significant amount of time (by conventional railways). The HSR project will completely transform this environment and will affect the way we Indians travel. The state-of-the-art high-speed trains, based on Japanese Shinkansen technology, will travel at 320 km/h, more than twice the speed of Indian Railways' fastest train, the Gatiman Express, which travels at 160 km/h, and we, as passengers, will get to experience one of the best HSR technologies available globally, providing the highest levels of safety, comfort, and reliability as we board this train.
Disc Diffusion Antibody Sensitivity Testing Using Image Processing and Machine Learning
Authors: Rajas Joshi  , Sagar Talkute  , Tushar Mane  , Shreyas Kushte  , Prof. K.A. Shinde
Published: April 2022

The aim in many Image Processing applications is to extract important features from image data, from which a description, interpretation, or understanding of the scene can be provided by the machine. Image processing can be defined as, the processing or altering an existing image in a desired manner. This system allows the user to take hard copy of the image using printer routines and allows the user to store screen image into the disk file using file format (bmp, jpg.gif). Image processing in its general form pertains to the alteration and analysis of pictorial information. We find instances of image processing occurring all the time in our daily lives probably the most powerful image processing system is the human brain together with the eye. The system receives, enhances, and stores images at enormous rates of speed. Machine Learning is a booming technology because it benefits every type of business across every industry. The applications are limitless. From healthcare to financial services, transportation to cyber security, and marketing to government, machine learning can help every type of business adapt and move forward in an agile manner. Machine learning allows businesses to collect insights quickly and efficiently, speeding the time to business value. That’s why machine learning is important for every organization. Machine learning also takes the guesswork out of decisions A computer has become an essential commodity in every hospital. Everything is computerized today. from open heart surgeries to X-rays to various clinical tests. Everything is carried out efficiently and effectively by the computer. There are many advantages of computers that make it a must have by every medical professional. Thus, we have using computer for getting fast and accurate result for calculating area of inhibition and suggesting medicine by the results. By using this type of technique manual error can be reduce and accurate result can be fetched.
AI Based Virtual Assistance on Raspberry PI
Authors: Manish Assudani  , Kamran Quamar  , Palash Pramod Dhongde  , Pawan Sanjay Thakare  , Ritik Vijaykumar Yadav  , Sayyed Tarique Hasan A Rahim
Published: April 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are one of the new technologies with new complicated features that are emerging at a fast pace. Although these technologies seem to be extensively adopted, people do not intend to use them in some cases. Technology adoption has been studied for many years, and there are many general models in the literature describing it. However, having more customized models for emerging technologies upon their features seems necessary. In this study, we developed a conceptual model involving a new system quality construct, i.e., interaction quality, which we believe can better describe adoption of AI-based technologies. In order to check our model, we used a voice assistant system (VAS) technology as an example of this technology, and tested a theory-based model using a data set achieved from a field survey. Our results confirm that interaction quality significantly affects individual’s trust and leads to adoption of this technology. Voice assistants are software agents that can interpret human speech and respond via synthesized voices. Apple's Siri, Amazon's Alexa, Microsoft's Cortana, and Google's Assistant are the most popular voice assistants and are embedded in smartphones or dedicated home speakers. Users can ask their assistants questions, control home automation devices and media playback via voice, and manage other basic tasks such as email, to-do lists, and calendars with verbal commands. This column will explore the basic workings and common features of today's voice assistants. It will also discuss some of the privacy and security issues inherent to voice assistants and some potential future uses for these devices. As voice assistants become more widely used, librarians will want to be familiar with their operation and perhaps consider them as a means to deliver library services and materials.
Implementation of Social Media Site for College
Authors: Aamrapali Wandhre  , Aachal Gaikwad  , Laxmi Yadav  , Dhanshri Gupta  , Anandi Pimplikar  , Prof. Sunanda P. Khandait
Published: April 2022

In today’s life, social networking sites has become one of the most popular Internet applications and has a large number of users. The public social networking systems have meet the communication demand of people, there is insufficient assistance to get connected to the users learning, professional life, and cultural life on campus with their real life activities. We have seen in the pandemic that college struggled lot to get connect with their students, so this website will give solution if something like pandemic ever happen again.
Also colleges always rely on the platform such as whatsapp to connect with their student online but on such platform only limited featurs are given. Therefore, this project design made a new campus social networking site for users, which is very closely connected to the user requirements of real environment of campus and users real activities. It will also give a platform to college where college can add as many features as they want according to the requirement. In this paper, a design and implementation of social media site for college campus is achieved. This website enables interaction of all the users like students, teachers, professors etc. It has all the features the user can expect plus more exciting and useful additional features which will help users in their college life. It has been implemented using ReactJs, MongoDb, CSS, Nodejs. Details of the implementation are below in this paper.
Online Job Portal Management System
Authors: Prof. Atul Sintre  , Sivananda Sahu  , Rohan Kamble  , Ajay Gudduru
Published: April 2022

In this situation, there is a futile way of life in every single proficient field. It is additionally valid for the job market. A job portal is a site devoted to online data about recruiters as well as job seekers. A job portal helps both the job seekers and recruiters tracking down the right association for the representatives. On account of job seekers, as indicated by their instructive capability, experience, and their inclinations, the job portal shows the rundown of organizations to the job searcher. Furthermore, to the recruiters, gives the reasonable candidates from a pool of needs. The objective of this application is to foster a system to empower connections among employers and candidates. The assurance is to permit correspondence between the closely involved individuals and complete the assignment of enlistment rapidly.
Treating Crowdsourcing as Examination: How to Score Tasks and Online Workers?
Authors: Han Guangyang , Li Sufang , Wang Runmin , Wu Chunming
Published: April 2022

Crowdsourcing is an online outsourcing mode which can solve the machine learning algorithm's urge need for massive labeled data. How to model the interaction between workers and tasks is a hot spot. we try to model workers as four types based on their ability and divide tasks into hard, medium and easy according difficulty. We believe that even experts struggle with difficult tasks while sloppy workers can get easy tasks right. So, good examination tasks should have moderate degree of difficulty and discriminability to score workers more objectively. Thus, we first score workers' ability mainly on the medium difficult tasks. A probability graph model is adopted to simulate the task execution process, and an iterative method is adopted to calculate and update the ground truth, the ability of workers and the difficulty of the task. We verify the effectiveness of our algorithm both in simulated and real crowdsourcing scenes.
Multilingual Speech Recognition Methods using Deep Learning and Cosine Similarity
Authors: Reddy P Deepak , Rudresh Chirag , A S Adithya
Published: April 2022

The paper includes research on discovering new methods for multilingual speech recognition and comparing the effectiveness of the existing solutions with the proposed novelty approaches. The audio and textual multilingual dataset contains multilingual sentences where each sentence contains words from two different languages - English and Kannada. Our proposed speech recognition process includes preprocessing and splitting each audio sentence based on words, which is then given as input to the DL translator (using MFCC features) along with next word predictions. The use of a Next Word Prediction model along with the DL translator to accurately identify the words and convert to text. Similarly the other approach proposed is the use of cosine similarity where the speech recognition is based on the similarity between word uttered and the generated training dataset. Our models were trained on an audio and textual dataset that were generated by the team members and the test accuracies were measured based on the same dataset. The accuracy of our speech recognition model, using the novelty method, is 71%. This is a considerably good result compared to the existing multilingual translation solutions. Communication gap has been a major issue for many natives and locals trying to learn or move ahead in this tech-savvy English-speaking world. To communicate effectively, it is not only essential to have a single language translator but also a tool that can help understand a mixture of different languages to bridge the gap of communication with the non-English speaking communities. Integrating a multilingual translator with the power of a smart phone voice assistant can help aid this process.
GDGRU-DTA: Predicting Drug-Target Binding Affinity based on GNN and Double GRU
Authors: Zhijian Lyu , Shaohua Jiang , Yigao Liang , Min Gao
Published: April 2022

The work for predicting drug and target affinity(DTA) is crucial for drug development and repurposing. In this work, we propose a novel method called GDGRU-DTA to predict the binding affinity between drugs and targets, which is based on GraphDTA, but we consider that protein sequences are long sequences, so simple CNN cannot capture the context dependencies in protein sequences well. Therefore, we improve it by interpreting the protein sequences as time series and extracting their features using Gate Recurrent Unit(GRU) and Bidirectional Gate Recurrent Unit(BiGRU). For the drug, our processing method is similar to that of GraphDTA, but uses two different graph convolution methods. Subsequently, the representation of drugs and proteins are concatenated for final prediction. We evaluate the proposed model on two benchmark datasets. Our model outperforms some state-of-the-art deep learning methods, and the results demonstrate the feasibility and excellent feature capture ability of our model.
The Impact of using a Contract-Driven, Test-Interceptor based Software Development Approach
Authors: Posthuma Justus , Solms Fritz , W. Watson Bruce
Published: April 2022

Contract Driven Development formalizes functional requirements within component contracts. The process aims to produce higher quality software, reduce quality assurance costs and improve reusability. However, the perceived complexity and cost of requirements formalization has limited the adoption of this approach in industry. In this article, we consider the extent to which the overheads of requirements formalization can be netted off against the reduced quality assurance costs arising from being able to autogenerate functional test interceptors from component contracts. Test-interceptors are used during testing to verify that component contracts are satisfied. In particular, we investigate the impact of contract-driven development on both the quality attributes of the software development process and the quality of the software produced by the process. Empirical data obtained from an actual software project using contract-driven development with test interceptor generation is compared to that obtained from similar projects that used a traditional software development process with informal requirements and manually written functional tests.
A Data-Driven Real-Time Analytical Framework with Improved Granularity using Machine Learning and Big Data Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yubo , Sun Yu
Published: April 2022

During daily studying and working, people have to research massive amounts of information on the internet and download numerous files. Some of these files can be easily categorized to relevant files. However, there are always some files left unorganized due to their difficulty in categorization [1]. Such files pile up in the download folder as time passes, making the folder extremely messy. Many people do not have the motive to clean up the folder as it requires a lot of energy and time. Based on this common problem, my group developed an app that can clean the messy folder up. After applying our program which is based on machine learning, the files will firstly be divided into five general parts – document, video, music, photos and package. Then the files will be further categorized based on the contents they present. For example, photos are divided into animals, families and so on. In order to achieve the content-categorizing function, several powerful apis were introduced in our program, and they helped us to achieve the optimal results.
Cost-Efficient Data Privacy Protection in Multi Cloud Storage
Authors: Matveev Artem
Published: April 2022

Data privacy in the cloud is a big concern for all of its users, especially for public clouds. Modern trends in studies utilise multiple clouds to achieve data privacy protection. Most of the present studies focus on business-oriented solutions, but current study aims to create a solution for individual users which would not increase the cost of ownership, and provide enough flexibility and privacy protection by combining password protection, key-derivation, multilayer encryption and key distribution across multiple clouds. New design allows to use single cloud to store protected user data, meanwhile use free plans on other clouds to store key information on others and thereby does not rise a cost of the solution. As a result, proposed design gives multiple layers of protection of Data Privacy while having a low cost of use. With some further adaptation it could be proposed as a business solution.
Fraud Detection System based on Artificial Immune System
Authors: Krokhalev Vitaly
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, one of the most important problems for financial companies is fraud related to online transactions. It is becoming increasingly sophisticated and advanced, leading to financial losses on the part of both customers and companies. Based on this, my company was tasked with creating a fraud detection system that is scalable and adaptable to change. This research aims to create a solution that can be used to identify differences in customer behavior patterns and detect fraud. The artificial immune system model proposed in this article, combined with certain informative features, is simple to implement and can describe customer behavior patterns.
Sentiment Analysis of Cyber Security Content on Twitter and Reddit
Authors: Thapa Bipun
Published: April 2022

Sentiment Analysis provides an opportunity to understand the subject(s), especially in the digital age, due to an abundance of public data and effective algorithms. Cybersecurity is a subject where opinions are plentiful and differing in the public domain. This descriptive research analyzed cybersecurity content on Twitter and Reddit to measure its sentiment, positive or negative, or neutral. The data from Twitter and Reddit was amassed via technology-specific APIs during a selected timeframe to create datasets, which were then analyzed individually for their sentiment by VADER, an NLP (Natural Language Processing) algorithm. A random sample of cybersecurity content (ten tweets and posts) was also classified for sentiments by twenty human annotators to evaluate the performance of VADER. Cybersecurity content on Twitter was at least 48% positive, and Reddit was at least 26.5% positive. The positive or neutral content far outweighed negative sentiments across both platforms. When compared to human classification, which was considered the standard or source of truth, VADER produced 60% accuracy for Twitter and 70% for Reddit in assessing the sentiment; in other words, some agreement between algorithm and human classifiers. Overall, the goal was to explore an uninhibited research topic about cybersecurity sentiment.
Referring Expressions with Rational Speech Act Framework: A Probabilistic Approach
Authors: Le Hieu , Daryanto Taufiq , Zhafransyah Fabian , Wijaya Derry , Coppock Elizabeth , Chin Sang
Published: April 2022

This paper focuses on a referring expression generation (REG) task in which the aim is to pick out an object in a complex visual scene. One common theoretical approach to this problem is to model the task as a two-agent cooperative scheme in which a ‘speaker’ agent would generate the expression that best describes a targeted area and a ‘listener’ agent would identify the target. Several recent REG systems have used deep learning approaches to represent the speaker/listener agents. The Rational Speech Act framework (RSA), a Bayesian approach to pragmatics that can predict human linguistic behavior quite accurately, has been shown to generate high quality and explainable expressions on toy datasets involving simple visual scenes. Its application to large scale problems, however, remains largely unexplored. This paper applies a combination of the probabilistic RSA framework and deep learning approaches to larger datasets involving complex visual scenes in a multi-step process with the aim of generating better-explained expressions. We carry out experiments on the RefCOCO and RefCOCO+ datasets and compare our approach with other endto-end deep learning approaches as well as a variation of RSA to highlight our key contribution. Experimental results show that while achieving lower accuracy than SOTA deep learning methods, our approach outperforms similar RSA approach in human comprehension and has an advantage over end-to-end deep learning under limited data scenario. Lastly, we provide a detailed analysis on the expression generation process with concrete examples, thus providing a systematic view on error types and deficiencies in the generation process and identifying possible areas for future improvements.
Instantaneous Frequency and AOA Estimation of Multicomponent Signals based on Born-Jordan Distribution
Authors: Quan Gan , Jie Tang , Huan Song Huan , Hong Wen
Published: April 2022

Based on the spatial sample of the multi-component signals by the array antenna, using BornJordan distribution which is a kind of typical Cohen type time-frequency distribution, the detection and estimation approach of the spatial multi-component signals' angle-of-arrival and instantaneous frequency is proposed by comparison of the instantaneous frequency of the signals at the same time from the point of digital signal processing. The simulation results show that the proposed method not only has high noise performance, but also enhances the real-time performance of the spatial signal detection.
Improving the Digital Security of Smart Energy Systems with Smart Contracts
Authors: Koskela Pekka , Salonen Jarno , Parssinen Juha
Published: April 2022

Smart grids are evolving towards intelligent electricity grid where the operation of systems is distributed and automatised. Technical solutions to achieve these future needs are proposed using blockchain with smart contracts in many studies, where smart contracts enhance automation. Fundamentally smart contracts will increase security because of their distributed nature and since it inherits the security of blockchain. However, smart contracts are software components, which have special features like the unstoppable nature of applications and may use special languages like Solidity. Our aim in this paper is to get a holistic review in the smart contract life cycle, what potential new vulnerabilities and threats will they introduce and how can they be prevented, and what smart contract specific issues programmers should focus on. We also propose a future direction to achieve more secure smart contracts in smart energy systems.
Security Concerns for Blockchain Based Sharing of Mobile Student Credential
Authors: Arndt Timothy
Published: April 2022

Blockchain has recently taken off as a disruptive technology, from its initial use in cryptocurrencies to wider applications in areas such as property registration and insurance due to its characteristic as a distributed ledger which can remove the need for a trusted third party to facilitate transaction. This spread of the technology to new application areas has been driven by the development of smart contracts – blockchain-based protocols which can automatically enforce a contract by executing code based on the logic expressed in the contract. One exciting area for blockchain is higher education. Students in higher education are ever more mobile, and in an ever more agile world, the friction and delays caused by multiple levels of administration in higher education can cause many anxieties and hardships for students as well as potential employers who need to examine and evaluate student credentials. Distance learning as a primary platform for higher education promises to open up higher education to a wider range of learners than ever before. Blockchain-based storage of academic credentials is being widely studied due to the advantages it can bring. As with any network-based system, blockchain comes with a number of security and privacy concerns. Blockchain needs to meet several securityrelated requirements in order to be widely accepted: decentralization; confidentiality; integrity; transparency; and immutability. Researchers have been busy devising schemes to ensure that such requirements can be met in blockchain-based systems. Several types of blockchain-specific attacks have been identified: 51% attacks; malicious contracts; spam attacks; mining pools; targeted DDoS attacks; and others. Real-world attacks on blockchain-based systems have been seen on cryptocurrency sites. In this paper, we will at look at the specific privacy and security concerns for blockchain-based systems used for academic credentials as well as suggested solutions. We also examine the issues for academic credentials which are stored “off-chain” in such systems (as is often the case).