bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Dangerous” Youth: Tourism Space, Gender Performance, and the Policing of Havana Street Hustlers
Authors: Hodge G. Derrick
Published: October 2014

El desarrollo del sector turismo salvó a la economía cubana del colapso económico en la década de las 1990s, pero también produjo nuevos problemas de control social. Frente a estos últimos, la re‐especialización de la vida social fue obligatoria y las instituciones existentes resultaron insuficientes. La migración hacia La Habana sobrecargó la infraestructura urbana; los turistas extranjeros introdujeron ideas, valores y comportamientos que eran incompatibles con las normas revolucionarias; y la imagen turística se vio amenazada por estafadores, ladrones de poca monta y trabajadores sexuales. La solución fue la creación de una nueva fuerza policial que opera en y alrededor de las zonas turísticas y se especializa en el control de las interacciones entre cubanos jóvenes y los turistas. Los oficiales de la “Policía Especializada” acosan constantemente a los jóvenes de la calle; sin embargo, los datos etnográficos indican que los jóvenes y los oficiales comparten una lógica de género que a veces los vuelve semejantes. Ambos ocupan un lugar complejo e incierto en relación con las cambiantes fronteras socio‐culturales de la nación y el estado. El análisis convoca a la geografía crítica y la teoría de género como performance para comprender palabras y experiencias de los pingueros.
Sensory Perception of Yackwa (Korean Traditional Fried Cookie) by Consumer Groups of Different Age Using the Sorted Napping Procedure
Authors: Park H.S. , Lê S. , Hong J.H. , Kim K.O.
Published: October 2014

This study was conducted to investigate sensory perception of Korean traditional fried cookie (Yackwa) by two Korean consumer groups of different age (ages in 20s and ages in 30–40s). The sorted napping procedure was applied to evaluate a set of 12 commercial Yackwa samples. Each subject was asked to locate each sample based on perceived similarities and then group the samples according to her own criteria. Verbalization task for each group of samples was also carried out. Data obtained from the sorted napping test were subjected to hierarchical multiple factor analysis. Both groups differentiated the samples mainly according to textural properties resulting from their manufacturing type. However, the older group located the samples from the same company that produces Yackwa following traditional recipe close to each other even though their types were different, whereas the younger group sorted the samples mainly by the manufacturing type. This difference in perception between two age groups might have resulted from the fact that older consumers recognized the flavor of more traditional products better than the younger group due to more exposure to those products.

Practical Applications

This study investigated consumer perception of Yackwa (traditional Korean cookie). It is expected that more consumer‐based characterization, which is explained by their own words, can help researchers to understand what important sensory dimensions are for consumers. In addition, by comparing different consumer groups, this study will provide insight that can help to develop effective strategies for commercializing traditional foods for targeted generations of consumers.
Assessment of Ethiopian Wheat Lines for Slow Rusting Resistance to Stem Rust of Wheat Caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici
Authors: Hei Netsanet , Shimelis Hussein Ali , Laing Mark , Admassu Belayneh
Published: October 2014

The emergence and rapid spread of virulent races of wheat stem rust has driven a search for sources of resistance for durable resistance breeding. This study was carried out to identify possible sources of stem rust resistance between Ethiopian wheat lines. Two hundred and fifty‐two wheat accessions and a universal suscept, cultivar Morocco were evaluated for their resistance at the seedling stage to the stem rust isolate Ug99 in a controlled environment. Ninety‐one lines that exhibited intermediate and susceptible seedling reactions were further field tested in 2012 main season for their slow rusting characteristics. Among the 91, 38 genotypes that had high to moderate level of slow rusting were advanced to a 2013 off season field evaluation. Slow rusting resistance at the adult‐plant stage was assessed through the determination of final disease severity (FRS), coefficient of infection (CI), and relative area under disease progressive curve (rAUDPC). The results revealed that wheat lines H04‐2, 204408‐3, 214551‐1, 231545‐1, 7041‐1, 7514‐1, 226385‐1, 226815‐1, 7579‐1 and 222495‐1 had low values of FRS, CI and rAUDPC and were regarded as good slow rusting lines. Of these 231545‐1, 7041‐1, 226815‐1 and 7579‐1 exhibited complete susceptibility at the seedling stage, with infection types ranging from 3− to 3+, which suggests that they possess true slow rusting resistance. Lines 237886‐1, 227059‐1, 203763‐1, 226275‐1, 227068‐2, 226278‐1 and 7994‐1 had moderate values for the stem rust resistance parameters and were identified as possessing a moderate level of slow rusting. High correlations were observed between different parameters of slow rusting. Among the slow rusting lines 231545‐1, H04‐2 and 222495‐1 had high yields and kernel weight in both seasons. The slow rusting lines identified from this study can be used to breed for stem rust resistance in wheat.
Detection of 11 beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor in various adipose tissue depots of dairy cows supplemented with conjugated linoleic acids
Authors: Friedauer K. , Dänicke S. , Schulz K. , Sauerwein H. , Häussler S.
Published: October 2014

Early lactating cows mobilize adipose tissue (AT) to provide energy for milk yield and maintenance and are susceptible to metabolic disorders and impaired immune response. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), mainly the trans‐10, cis‐12 isomer, reduce milk fat synthesis and may attenuate negative energy balance. Circulating glucocorticoids (GC) are increased during parturition in dairy cows and mediate differentiating and anti‐inflammatory effects via glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in the presence of the enzyme 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1). Activated GC are the main ligands for both receptors in AT; therefore, we hypothesized that tissue‐specific GC metabolism is effected by varying amounts of GR, MR and 11βHSD1 and/or their localization within AT depots. Furthermore, the lipolytic and antilipogenic effects of CLA might influence the GC/GR/MR system in AT. Therefore, we aimed to localize GR and MR as well as the expression pattern and activity of 11βHSD1 in different AT depots during early lactation in dairy cows and to identify potential effects of CLA. Primiparous German Holstein cows were divided into a control (CON) and a CLA group. From day 1 post‐partum (p.p.) until sample collection, the CLA group was fed with 100 g/d CLA (contains 10 g each of the cis‐9, trans‐11 and the trans‐10, cis‐12‐CLA isomers). CON cows (n = 5 each) were slaughtered on day 1, 42 and 105 p.p., while CLA cows (n = 5 each) were slaughtered on day 42 and 105 p.p. Subcutaneous fat from tailhead, withers and sternum, and visceral fat from omental, mesenteric and retroperitoneal depots were sampled. The localization of GR and 11βHSD1 in mature adipocytes – being already differentiated – indicates that GC promote other effects via GR than differentiation. Moreover, MR were observed in the stromal vascular cell fraction and positively related to the pre‐adipocyte marker Pref‐1. However, only marginal CLA effects were observed in this study.
A 6‐month observational study of changes in objectively measured physical activity during weight loss in dogs
Authors: Morrison R. , Reilly J. J. , Penpraze V. , Pendlebury E. , Yam P. S.
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate long‐term changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour during weight loss in dogs.

METHODS

Sixteen overweight and obese dogs undergoing a 6‐month calorie‐controlled weight‐loss programme wore Actigraph GT3X accelerometers (Actigraph, FL) for three consecutive days each month for the duration of the programme. Total volume of physical activity and time spent in sedentary behaviour, light‐moderate intensity physical activity and vigorous intensity physical activity were extracted from the accelerometer data and compared from baseline to month 6.

RESULTS

Valid accelerometry data were returned for 14 of 16 dogs. Mean percentage weight loss over 6 months was 15% of initial bodyweight. There was no marked increase in any of the physical activity outcomes or reduction in sedentary behaviour.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Substantial weight loss was not associated with a spontaneous increase in physical activity or reduction in sedentary behaviour. Although the dogs in this study lost a substantial amount of bodyweight without a measured increase in physical activity, dog owners should still be encouraged to facilitate increased physical activity in their dogs owing to the wide range of benefits associated with physical activity other than weight loss.
Cost‐benefit analysis of a delirium prevention strategy in the intensive care unit
Authors: Lee Eunhee , Kim Jinhyun
Published: October 2014

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a delirium prevention strategy.

Background

A high prevalence has been reported for delirium after liver transplantation surgery in the intensive care unit (ICU). Delirium increases treatment costs because of treatment delays, prolonged hospital stays and other associated complications. Despite all those problems associated with delirium, a systemic prevention strategy does not exist yet.

Design

This study used an economic evaluation design by reviewing relevant medical records.

Methods

Study objects were 130 patients who were admitted to the ICU after liver transplantation surgery. After looking at the medical records of these patients, we divided them into two groups according to the application of the prevention strategy. This study analysed the costs and benefits of the prevention strategy between the groups.

Results

The prevalence rate of delirium was 35·3% in the prevention‐care group and 51·6% in the usual‐care group. A sum of $38·4 was invested for the prevention strategy in opposite to the expected total costs of $5578 for a probable treatment. Thus, the net benefit was $5539·6 with a benefit ratio of 145·3

Conclusions

A strategy is necessary for the delirium prevention of patients in the ICU to decrease the economic burden.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study demonstrated that a prevention strategy was cost‐effective because of its low input costs. With low additional investment, it is expected that this prevention strategy will be more available to other patients in the future.
Fitness differences and persistent founder effects determine the clonal composition during population build‐up in Daphnia
Authors: Thielsch Anne , Glass Nicole , Streit Bruno , Meester Luc De , Ortells Raquel , Schwenk Klaus
Published: October 2014

During the initial stages of population build‐up in new habitats, the time at which immigrants arrive may influence their contribution to the population and thus determine population genetic structure. While the numerical advantage associated with founder effects may promote dominance of the offspring of early colonizers, fitness differences associated with ecological differences among genotypes may potentially overwhelm these founder effects. We conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment to test whether the sequence of arrival determines the relative contribution of genetic lineages (clones) to populations of the water flea Daphnia. A set of D. galeata clones was inoculated pairwise in different time sequences and clonal abundances were monitored over time. In general, we found that, after six weeks (four generations), clones with an initial time advantage of five or fifteen days (1/3 of a generation or one generation) had higher relative abundances than in the treatments with simultaneous inoculations. These differences were in some cases maintained over a longer period (nine months). However, in cases where abundances of genetic lineages varied strongly when inoculated simultaneously, reflecting strong differences in fitness among clones in our experimental containers, initial numerical advantages could be overwhelmed and the competitively strongest clone became dominant after nine months independently of inoculation sequence. Our results highlight the importance of two different processes that determine the fate of clonal lineages and ultimately determine population genetic structure. First, the sequence of arrival is crucial, with an advantage of five days being already sufficient to dominate the population in specific cases. Second, if fitness differences among clones are sufficiently strong, then they may overrule founder effects.
The Ecological Restoration Alliance of Botanic Gardens: A New Initiative Takes Root
Authors: Aronson James ,   On Behalf of The ERA of Botanic Gardens
Published: October 2014

An international consortium of botanic gardens and arboreta is launching a collaborative Ecological Restoration Alliance under the auspices of BGCI (Botanic Gardens Conservation International). We describe the Alliance and the ways in which it serves worldwide restoration efforts. Botanic gardens and arboreta are uniquely positioned to contribute to restoration science and practice. They have the plant collections and information required to understand flora and vegetation, and the horticultural expertise and experience needed to propagate, grow, manage, and conserve plants, all of which are essential for successful restoration. Botanic gardens work beyond their walls to network, educate, advocate, develop policy, build capacity, and engage in restoration projects throughout the world.
Motherhood asArmenianness: Expressions of Femininity in the Making ofArmenian National Identity
Authors: Beukian Sevan
Published: October 2014

This article explores the discourses on gender roles and the place ofArmenian women in theArmenian nation‐building process, especially focusing on the changes since the 1988 national movement formation. This study is based on extensive interviews conducted inArmenia andKarabakh in 2011. AlthoughArmenian women were praised for their role during the nationalist movement of 1988 and theKarabakh war, they went back into their ‘traditional’ role in the aftermath. Motherhood is a strong concept inArmenian women's (self‐)identification with their nation, constructing it as a uniqueArmenian trait that distinguishesArmenian women from ‘others’. The self‐expression of women highlights the authenticity ofArmenian constructions of femininity as motherhood, embedded in the national and ethnic self‐identification ofArmenian women. The concept ofArmenian motherhood is therefore a particular expression filtered through a distinct history of national struggle and genocide, and upheld byArmenian women through that perception.
India and the Great War: Colonial Fantasies, Anxieties and Discontent
Authors: Singh Gajendra
Published: October 2014

India was the site of British fantasies and anxieties during the First World War. It was the chief Imperial reserve for an Empire under threat – 1.7 million Indian sipahis (or ‘sepoys’) were enlisted to fight. At the same time, revolutionary conspiracies in India haunted the imagination of British officialdom. They were used, in the aftermath of the First World War, to justify everything from colonial massacres to the indefinite censorship of the press. How could British India simultaneously be constructed as Imperial success and the source of imminent Imperial decline? What was it about the nature of Empire during the First World War that enabled India to be seen as both fantasy and neurosis? This article will provide some answers with an analysis of wartime revolutionary movements in India and of the war experiences of Indian soldiers.
The 2011 Swiss Elections: Introduction
Authors: Lachat Romain , Lutz Georg , Stadelmann‐Steffen Isabelle
Published: October 2014

The 2011 Swiss federal elections represent a turning point in recent Swiss politics. The Swiss People's Party did not manage to increase further its vote share, after more than two decades of electoral successes. Also, the 2011 elections were characterized by the strong gains of two relatively new centrist parties, the Green Liberal Party and the Conservative Democratic Party. This election thus marks an end of the trend towards a growing level of party polarization. The introduction to this special issue puts these recent developments in context, discusses some of its consequences, and highlights how the articles in this special issue shed light on understanding the voting behaviour in Switzerland.
Evolutionary divergence of β–expansin structure and function in grasses parallels emergence of distinctive primary cell wall traits
Authors: Sampedro Javier , Guttman Mara , Li Lian‐Chao , Cosgrove Daniel J.
Published: October 2014

Expansins are wall‐loosening proteins that promote the extension of primary cell walls without the hydrolysis of major structural components. Previously, proteins from theEXPA(α–expansin) family were found to loosen eudicot cell walls but to be less effective on grass cell walls, whereas the reverse pattern was found forEXPB(β–expansin) proteins obtained from grass pollen. To understand the evolutionary and structural bases for the selectivity ofEXPBaction, we assessed the extension (creep) response of cell walls from diverse monocot families toEXPAandEXPBtreatments. Cell walls from Cyperaceae and Juncaceae (families closely related to grasses) displayed a typical grass response (‘β–response’). Walls from more distant monocots, including some species that share with grasses high levels of arabinoxylan, responded preferentially to α–expansins (‘α–response’), behaving in this regard like eudicots. An expansin with selective activity for grass cell walls was detected in Cyperaceae pollen, coinciding with the expression of genes from the divergentEXPB–I branch that includes grass pollen β–expansins. The evolutionary origin of this branch was located within Poales on the basis of phylogenetic analyses and its association with the ‘sigma’ whole‐genome duplication. Accelerated evolution in this branch has remodeled the protein surface in contact with the substrate, potentially for binding highly substituted arabinoxylan. We propose that the evolution of the divergentEXPB–I group made a fundamental change in the target and mechanism of wall loosening in the grass lineage possible, involving a new structural role for xylans and the expansins that target them.
Unitarization of uniformly bounded subgroups in finite von Neumann algebras
Authors: Miglioli Martín
Published: October 2014

This note presents a new proof of the fact that every uniformly bounded group of invertible elements in a finite von Neumann algebra is similar to a unitary group. In 1974, Vasilescu and Zsido proved this result using the Ryll–Nardzewsky fixed point theorem [Vasilescu and Zsido, ‘Uniformly bounded groups in finite W‐algebras’, Acta Sci. Math. Szeged 36 (1974) 189–192]. This new proof involves metric geometric arguments in the non‐positively curved space of positive invertible operators of the algebra, which yield a more explicit unitarizer.
Development of an MRI-Compatible, Compact, Rotary-Linear Piezoworm Actuator
Authors: El Bannan Khaled , Chronik Blaine A. , Salisbury Shaun P.
Published: October 2014

A piezoelectric actuator was developed to operate safely deep inside the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine bore. It is based on novel design that produces linear and rotary motion simultaneously increasing the accuracy of medical needle insertion procedures. The actuation method is based on the piezoworm principle, minimizing the actuator size, maximizing output force, and permitting micrometer scale insertion accuracy. Beryllium copper with high stiffness and strength was used in constructing the actuator to minimize image distortion and to achieve the targeted performance. Performance tests were performed by controlling the frequency input and observing the effect on speed, force and torque. The device achieved a linear speed of 5.4 mm/s and a rotary speed of 10.5 rpm.
A Passive Parallel Master–Slave Mechanism for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Interventions
Authors: Elayaperumal Santhi , Cutkosky Mark R. , Renaud Pierre , Daniel Bruce L.
Published: October 2014

A passive, parallel master–slave mechanism is presented for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided interventions in the pelvis. The mechanism allows a physician to stand outside the MRI scanner while manipulating a needle inside the bore and, unlike a powered robot, does not place actuators in proximity to the patient. The manipulator combines two parallel mechanisms based on the Delta robot architecture. The mechanism also includes a two-axis gimbal to allow for tool angulation, giving a total of five degrees of freedom so that the physician can insert and steer a needle using continuous natural arm and wrist movements, unlike simple needle guides. The need for access between the patient’s legs and within the MRI scanner leads to an unusual asymmetric design in which the sliding prismatic joints form the vertices of an isosceles triangle. Kinematic analysis shows that the dexterity index of this design is improved over the desired workspace, as compared to an equilateral design. The analysis is extended to estimate the effect of friction and model the input:output force transmission. Prototypes, with final dimensions selected for transperineal prostate interventions, showed force transmission behavior as predicted by simulation, and easily withstood maximum forces required for tool insertion.
Patient-Specific Guides for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Paired Acetabular and Femoral Implantation Approach
Authors: Stegman Jacob , Casstevens Chris , Kelley Todd , Nistor Vasile
Published: October 2014

While total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common orthopedic procedure for treatment of hip arthritis, current techniques demonstrate poor implant alignment accuracy and precision, which is critical to the replacement's long-term survivorship. Patient-specific instruments to guide bone preparation and implantation could improve accuracy, thereby improving replacement survivorship. A single cadaver was CT (computer tomography) scanned to extract the 3D bone geometry, from which the operating surgeon planned a THA. Patient-specific guides were designed, 3D printed, and used in the cadaveric THA procedure. Postprocedural CT data were used to compare measured implant positioning versus the preprocedural template. Implanted component accuracy ranged from 1 deg–12 deg.
Lattice Boltzmann Modeling of Water Cumulation at the Gas Channel-Gas Diffusion Layer Interface in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Maggiolo Dario , Marion Andrea , Guarnieri Massimo
Published: October 2014

Several experiments have proved that water in liquid phase can be present at the anode of a PEM fuel cell due to vapor condensation resulting in mass transport losses. Nevertheless, it is not yet well understood where exactly water tends to cumulate and how the design of the gas channel (GC) and gas diffusion layer (GDL) could be improved to limit water cumulation. In the present work, a three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann based model is implemented in order to simulate the water cumulation at the GC–GDL interface at the anode of a PEM fuel cell. The numerical model incorporates the H2–H2O mixture equation of state and spontaneously simulates phase separation phenomena. Different simulations are carried out varying pressure gradient, pore size, and relative height of the GDL. Results reveal that, once saturation conditions are reached, water tends to cumulate in two main regions: the upper and side walls of the GC and the GC–GDL interface, resulting in a limitation of the reactant diffusion from the GC to the GDL. Interestingly, the cumulation of liquid water at the interface is found to diminish as the relative height of the GDL increases.
Motion Characteristics of Division I College Field Hockey: Female Athletes in Motion (FAiM) Study
Authors: Vescovi Jason D. , Frayne Devon H.
Published: October 2014

Purpose:

To examine locomotor demands and metabolic-power characteristics of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) field hockey matches.

Methods:

Using a cross-sectional design, global positioning system (GPS) technology tracked Division I field hockey players from 6 teams during 1 regular-season match (68 player observations). An ANOVA compared locomotor demands and metabolic-power characteristics among positions. Paired t tests compared dependent variables between halves.

Results:

Defenders played 5−6 min more than midfielders, whereas midfielders played 6−7 min more than forwards. Defenders covered less relative distance (98 m/min) than forwards and midfielders (110−111 m/min), as well as more low-intensity running than forwards and less high-intensity running than midfielders. Lower mean metabolic power (9.3 W/kg) was observed for defenders than forwards and midfielders (10.4 W/kg). There was no difference in playing time between halves; however, all 3 positions had a reduction in relative distance (7−9%) and mean metabolic power (8−9%) during the second half.

Conclusions:

Despite more playing time, defenders covered less relative distance and had lower mean metabolic power than other positions. Moderate-intensity, high-intensity, and sprint distance were similar between positions, highlighting the greater relative demands on forwards because they tended to have the least amount of playing time. The reduction of key metrics during the second half was similar among positions and warrants further investigation. These initial results can be used to design position-specific drills or create small-sided games that replicate match demands for NCAA athletes, thus helping establish strategies for developing physiological ability of players at this level.
Can Milk Do Harm?
Authors: Gerber David E.
Published: October 2014

Lactose intolerance may protect against lung, breast, and ovarian cancers.
RNase L Interacts with Filamin A To Regulate Actin Dynamics and Barrier Function for Viral Entry
Authors: Malathi Krishnamurthy , Siddiqui Mohammad Adnan , Dayal Shubham , Naji Merna , Ezelle Heather J. , Zeng Chun , Zhou Aimin , Hassel Bret A.
Published: October 2014

The actin cytoskeleton and its network of associated proteins constitute a physical barrier that viruses must circumvent to gain entry into cells for productive infection. The mechanisms by which the physical signals of infection are sensed by the host to activate an innate immune response are not well understood. The antiviral endoribonuclease RNase L is ubiquitously expressed in a latent form and activated upon binding 2-5A, a unique oligoadenylate produced during viral infections. We provide evidence that RNase L in its inactive form interacts with the actin-binding protein Filamin A to modulate the actin cytoskeleton and inhibit virus entry. Cells lacking either RNase L or Filamin A displayed increased virus entry which was exacerbated in cells lacking both proteins. RNase L deletion mutants that reduced Filamin A interaction displayed a compromised ability to restrict virus entry, supporting the idea of an important role for the RNase L-Filamin A complex in barrier function. Remarkably, both the wild type and a catalytically inactive RNase L mutant were competent to reduce virus entry when transfected into RNase L-deficient cells, indicating that this novel function of RNase L is independent of its enzymatic activity. Virus infection and RNase L activation disrupt its association with Filamin A and release RNase L to mediate its canonical nuclease-dependent antiviral activities. The dual functions of RNase L as a constitutive component of the actin cytoskeleton and as an induced mediator of antiviral signaling and effector functions provide insights into its mechanisms of antiviral activity and opportunities for the development of novel antiviral agents.

IMPORTANCE
Cells constantly face and sample pathogens on their outer surface. The actin cytoskeleton and interacting proteins associate with the cell membrane and constitute a barrier to infection. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton allows viruses to enter the cell and induces innate immune responses to clear infections. The molecular mechanisms that link virus-induced physical perturbations to host defense pathways remain unclear. Our studies identified a novel interaction between the antiviral endoribonuclease RNase L and the actin-binding protein Filamin A that enhances host defense by preventing viral entry into naive cells. This role for RNase L is independent of its enzymatic function. Virus infection alters actin dynamics, disrupts the RNase L-Filamin A complex, and releases RNase L to mediate antiviral signaling and effector functions via its established nucleolytic activities. These dual roles for RNase L provide an efficient strategy to protect cells from infection and rapidly respond upon pathogen exposure.
Endometriosis: a rare and interesting cause of recurrent haemorrhagic ascites
Authors: Bignall Jenine , Arambage Kirana , Vimplis Sotirios
Published: October 2014

Recurrent haemorrhagic ascites as a cause of endometriosis is rare. We report the case of a 36-year-old woman presenting acutely with abdominal distension, ascites and an elevated CA-125 raising the suspicion of ovarian malignancy. Tissue biopsies retrieved during laparoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of endometriosis associated with haemorrhagic ascites. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues were started to manage symptoms, with good effect. Subsequently,in vitrofertilisation resulted in a successful singleton pregnancy and by the second trimester, there was full resolution in symptoms. During the early puerperal period, the development of massive ascites recurred, requiring symptomatic relief through repeated ascitic drainage and GnRH analogues. Long-term follow-up is planned with the hope of continuing with medical management at least until the patient's family is complete when the surgical option of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without hysterectomy will be discussed.
A rare presentation of locally re-recurrent colon cancer involving the iliac bone and a review of the literature
Authors: Schumacher Andrew , Mahdi Babikir Osman , Abboud Amer , Theodorakis Spyridon
Published: October 2014

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in the USA. While locally advanced rectal cancer involving bone has been described extensively, colon cancer locally involving bone has only been described, to our knowledge, in a single case report. In this case report, we describe the presentation and treatment of locally advanced re-recurrent colon cancer involving the iliac bone. We also discuss the available literature on treatment for recurrent and re-recurrent colorectal cancer.
Jejunojejunal intussusception secondary to submucosal lipoma resulting in a 5-year history of intermittent abdominal pain
Authors: Seow-En Isaac , Foo Fung Joon , Tang Choong Leong
Published: October 2014

Jejunal lipomata are an unusual cause of adult intussusception. We report a case of a 44-year-old Chinese woman who presented with a 3-day history of abdominal pain and nausea; she had a 5-year history of similar episodic symptoms after meals. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a fat-density lead point in the jejunum resulting in intussusception. Single port laparoscopic surgery was performed with reduction of the intussusception, bowel resection and primary anastamosis. Histology confirmed a benign submucosal lipoma. We discuss the recent published literature on this rare entity and show CT images and intraoperative pictures.
Neurological complications of breast cancer: study protocol of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Pereira Susana , Fontes Filipa , Sonin Teresa , Dias Teresa , Fragoso Maria , Castro-Lopes José , Lunet Nuno
Published: October 2014

Introduction

The improvement in breast cancer survival rates, along with the expected overdiagnosis and overtreatment associated with breast cancer screening, requires a comprehensive assessment of its burden. Neurological complications can have a devastating impact on these patients; neuropathic pain and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy are among the most frequently reported. This project aims to understand the burden of neurological complications of breast cancer treatment in Northern Portugal, and their role as mediator of the impact of the treatment in different dimensions of the patients’ quality of life.

Methods and analysis

A prospective cohort study was designed to include 500 patients with breast cancer, to be followed for 3 years. The patients were recruited at the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto and evaluations were planned at different stages: pretreatment, after surgery, after chemotherapy (whenever applicable) and at 1 and 3 years after enrolment. Patients diagnosed with neuropathic pain or chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (subcohorts), were also evaluated at the moment of confirmation of clinical diagnosis of the neurological complication and 6 months later. In each of the follow-up periods, a neurological examination has been performed by a neurologist. Data were collected on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, quality of life, sleep quality, and anxiety and depression. Between January and December 2012, we recruited and conducted the baseline evaluation of 506 participants. The end of the follow-up period is scheduled for December 2015.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto and all patients provided written informed consent. All study procedures were developed in order to assure data protection and confidentiality. Results from this project will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed journals and presented in relevant conferences.
VOICES: the value of 6-month clinical evaluation in stroke. The protocol for a planned qualitative study to ascertain the value of stroke follow-up to people affected by stroke
Authors: Jenkins Colin , Price Fiona
Published: October 2014

Introduction

The National Clinical Guidelines for Stroke recommend ‘routine follow-up of patients 6 months post discharge’. The Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme sets a standard of 6 months postadmission follow-up, capturing data on process and outcomes. There appears to be no convincing model of stroke follow-up at 6 months, and despite evidence of unmet need in almost 50% of stroke survivors 1–5 years after their stroke, little work focuses on the first 12 months of recovery. By listening to the living experiences of stroke, the research aims to tailor the stroke care pathway to the needs of those affected.

Methods and analysis

A focus group of six stroke survivors and carers will be invited to identify appropriate interview questions about the value of follow-up at 6 months, ensuring that this study has its genesis in the participant experience. A pilot study of four stroke survivors will ascertain the feasibility of the method. Thirty stroke survivors from the follow-up clinic will be invited to take part in semistructured interviews. Raw data, in the form of digital recordings of the interviews, will be transcribed. Interview transcriptions will be checked by the participant for accuracy prior to analysis using NVivo software. Literal and reflective narrative analysis will be used to code transcribed text to examine shared themes and reflect on content.

Ethics and dissemination

Study documentation has been reviewed by the Coventry and Warwickshire Research Ethics Committee; the chief investigator met with the committee to scrutinise the study and justify its methodology. The committee has approved this study. A copy of the final report will be given to participants, the Stroke Association, the local Clinical Commissioning Group and participants’ general practitioners. It is intended to disseminate the results locally by presentation to the Trust board, at academic conferences and by publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
Protective efficacy of recombinant exotoxin A — flagellin fusion protein against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
Authors: Farajnia Safar , Peerayeh Shahin Najar , Tanomand Asghar , Majidi Jafar , Goudarzi Gholamreza , Naghili Behrooz , Rahbarnia Leila
Published: October 2014

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium that causes serious nosocomial infection in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to prepare a fusion protein consisting of exotoxin A (ExoA) and flagellin (Fla) from P. aeruginosa and to evaluate its potential as a vaccine candidate against P. aeruginosa infection. The genes encoding for ExoA and Fla proteins were cloned in-frame and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant ExoA–Fla fusion protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Mice were immunized subcutaneously with ExoA, Fla, and ExoA–Fla fusion proteins, and the humoral immune response was evaluated by ELISA method. The immunized and control group mice were challenged with a 2× LD50 (7.5 × 107 CFU) of P. aeruginosa for the protection assay. The results indicated that vaccination with Fla, ExoA, and ExoA–Fla fusion proteins produced a significant amount of specific immunoglobulin G antibodies. Immunization of mice with ExoA–Fla fusion protein showed significant protection against intraperitoneal challenge with 7.5 × 107 CFU (2× LD50) P. aeruginosa. Results of this study suggest that recombinant ExoA–Fla fusion protein is a highly immunogenic protective protein showing promise as a vaccine candidate against P. aeruginosa.
Synergistic protective role of mirazid (Commiphora molmol) and ascorbic acid against tilmicosin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice
Authors: Abdel-Daim Mohamed M. , Ghazy Emad W. , Fayez Mostafa
Published: October 2014

Tilmicosin (TIL) is a long-acting macrolide antibiotic approved for the treatment of cattle with Bovine Respiratory Disease. However, overdose of TIL has been reported to induce cardiotoxicity. The purpose of our experiment was to evaluate the protective effects of Commiphora molmol (mirazid (MRZ); myrrh) and (or) ascorbic acid (AA) against TIL-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. MRZ and AA were orally administered using stomach gavage, either alone or in combination for 5 consecutive days, followed with a single TIL overdose. TIL overdose induced a significant increase in serum levels of cardiac damage biomarkers (AST, LDH, CK, CK-MB, and cTnT), as well as cardiac lipid peroxidation, but cardiac levels of antioxidant biomarkers (GSH, SOD, CAT, and TAC) were decreased. Both MRZ and AA tended to normalize the elevated serum levels of cardiac injury biomarkers. Furthermore, MRZ and AA reduced TIL-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress parameters. MRZ and AA combined produced a synergistic cardioprotective effect. We conclude that myrrh and (or) vitamin C administration minimizes the toxic effects of TIL through their free-radical-scavenging and potent antioxidant activities.
Left–left squark mixing, $K^+\rightarrow \pi^+\nu\bar{\nu}$ and minimal supersymmetry with largetanβ
Authors: Blažek Tomáš , Maták Peter
Published: October 2014

We analyze the role of the left–left squark mixing in the rare [Formula: see text] decay within the minimal supersymmetry with a large tan β. A Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV has been taken into account leading to correlation between stop masses and trilinear soft supersymmetry breaking coupling [Formula: see text]. We find that measurable effects, similar to that of the well known LR squark mixing terms, are possible for large [Formula: see text] combined with the off-diagonal LL-insertions. Precise measurements of the decay rate are expected from the ongoing NA62 experiment at CERN. We emphasize that the effect we present can put certain limits on the left–left flavor changing structure of the squark mass matrix.
Neutron star structure in the presence of conformally coupled scalar fields
Authors: Sultana Joseph , Bose Benjamin , Kazanas Demosthenes
Published: October 2014

Neutron star models are studied in the context of scalar–tensor theories of gravity in the presence of a conformally coupled scalar field, using two different numerical equations of state (EoS) representing different degrees of stiffness. In both cases we obtain a complete solution by matching the interior numerical solution of the coupled Einstein-scalar field hydrostatic equations, with an exact metric on the surface of the star. These are then used to find the effect of the scalar field and its coupling to geometry, on the neutron star structure, particularly the maximum neutron star mass and radius. We show that in the presence of a conformally coupled scalar field, neutron stars are less dense and have smaller masses and radii than their counterparts in the minimally coupled case, and the effect increases with the magnitude of the scalar field at the center of the star.
Slowly rotating black holes with nonlinear electrodynamics in five dimensions
Authors: Hendi S. H. , Sepehri Rad M.
Published: October 2014

Employing linear order perturbation theory with the rotation parameter as the perturbative parameter, we obtain asymptotically AdS slowly rotating black hole solutions in the Einstein gravity with Born–Infeld (BI) type nonlinear electrodynamics (NED). We start from asymptotically AdS static black hole solutions coupled to BI type NED in five dimensions. Then, we consider the effect of adding a small amount of angular momenta to the seed solutions. Finally, we investigate the geometry and thermodynamic properties of the solutions.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Graphene Oxide/Acenaphthenequinone Composite
Authors: Chen Chunnian , Fu Xuwang , Fan Wei , Ma Ting
Published: October 2014

This paper reports a new graphene oxide (GO)/acenaphthenequinone composite as efficient electrode in electrochemical supercapacitors. The nanosheets of GO provide high surface area and conductivity. The microneedle-like acenaphthenequinone contributes convincible specific capacitance. The structure and morphology of GO/acenaphthenequinone composite have been characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra and Raman spectra. According to the cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge, impedance spectra and cycling life analyses, the GO/acenaphthenequinone composite exhibits brilliant supercapacitors performance with a specific capacitance of 248.7 F g-1at a scan rate of 1 mV s-1and enhanced stability of about 82% (147.5 F g-1) of initial capacitance (179.8 F g-1) after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 A g-1.
Simulation of kinematic and workspace analysis of 3-PRS parallel manipulator
Authors: Patel Y. D. , George P. M.
Published: October 2014

In the present era, the competitive producers are forced to use maximally newer advanced technology and its effective fast implementation using various available tools for synthesis of new product requirement. Use of current state of art computer aided technology supports the creation of flexible assemblies and their built up though unified modular approach. The design of robotic mechanism is a complex process involving geometric, kinematic, singularity analyses during its synthesis phase. The present work is aimed at the effective utilization of CAx system Pro/Engineer tools for creation, ease in modification and analysis of spatial parallel manipulator. Three degrees of freedom of 3-PRS parallel manipulator is obtained using mobility analysis. Parallel manipulator with 3-DOF with 3-PRS configuration is investigated. The kinematics simulation of the robot is carried out using mechanism simulation and compared with closed form solutions. The concept of reachable, orientation and dexterous workspace is expressed. Tool tip coordinates obtained through simulation are plotted for workspace development. Inner and outer workspace boundaries are developed and analyzed for four different cases to understand the problem of interior singularity within workspace.
THE EFFECTS OF FIRM CHARACTERISTICS AND RECOGNITION POLICY ON EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTIONS PRICES AFTER CONTROLLING FOR SELF-SELECTION
Authors: KUO CHII-SHYAN , YU SHIH-TI
Published: October 2014

We examine whether and how firm characteristics, including firm size and liquidity, affect the relation between employee stock option (ESO) grants (as proxied by disclosed ESO expenses) and firm value. We also investigate how the implementation of a new share-based compensation recognition rule affects the pricing effect of ESOs. Prior studies have provided mixed results concerning how ESOs affect firm value. We argue that their findings could be attributable to self-selection and a non-uniform ESO-share price relation. We use the threshold model to address our research questions after controlling for self-selection bias. We find that markets tend to positively price ESOs in the case of firms characterized by large size and low liquidity. In addition, we find that after the new rule came into effect, ESOs became positively associated with firm value. These results are congruent with ownership and symbolic value theories, the lifecycle stages hypothesis and the contention that an ESO expensing policy enhances the quality of financial statements.
Increased skeletal muscle capillarization enhances insulin sensitivity
Authors: Akerstrom Thorbjorn , Laub Lasse , Vedel Kenneth , Brand Christian Lehn , Pedersen Bente Klarlund , Lindqvist Anna Kaufmann , Wojtaszewski Jørgen F. P. , Hellsten Ylva
Published: October 2014

Increased skeletal muscle capillarization is associated with improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. However, a possible causal relationship has not previously been identified. Therefore, we investigated whether increased skeletal muscle capillarization increases insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle-specific angiogenesis was induced by adding the α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin to the drinking water of Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 33), whereas 34 rats served as controls. Insulin sensitivity was measured ≥40 h after termination of the 3-wk prazosin treatment, which ensured that prazosin was cleared from the blood stream. Whole body insulin sensitivity was measured in conscious, unrestrained rats by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Tissue-specific insulin sensitivity was assessed by administration of 2-deoxy-[3H]glucose during the plateau phase of the clamp. Whole body insulin sensitivity increased by ∼24%, and insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle 2-deoxy-[3H]glucose disposal increased by ∼30% concomitant with an ∼20% increase in skeletal muscle capillarization. Adipose tissue insulin sensitivity was not affected by the treatment. Insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake was enhanced independent of improvements in skeletal muscle insulin signaling to glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, suggesting that the improvement in insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake could be due to improved diffusion conditions for glucose in the muscle. The prazosin treatment did not affect the rats on any other parameters measured. We conclude that an increase in skeletal muscle capillarization is associated with increased insulin sensitivity. These data point toward the importance of increasing skeletal muscle capillarization for prevention or treatment of type 2 diabetes.