bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literary production in Niger: The case of the novel
Authors: Patengouh Aïssata S. Kindo
Published: November 2011

Literature, like all art, is in part geographically and historically determined. Despite its imaginary nature, literature maintains close ties with its context of emergence. African literature is in part an illustration of determinisms of this type and owes a great deal to colonial trauma. Nevertheless, it also draws on autochthonous myths – both old and new – on the colonial heritage, and on new mentalities generated by decolonisation and other factors. However, certain political and ideological choices visible in literary texts underline national specificities. My intention, as a citizen of Niger, is to contribute to bringing Nigérien literature, and the Nigérien novel, in particular, into the limelight. In fact, this production is only just emerging, as the first novel dates back to 1959. This paper focuses on the fundamental problem of the relation between the novel produced in Niger and the Nigérien society, and by extension, the relation between Nigérien literature and the society from which it is emerging. Based on a thematic study, in the spirit of socio-criticism, an attempt will be made to place a selected corpus of eleven novels, published between 1977 and 1993, in their context of emergence. The geographical (spatial and climatic) milieu is omnipresent and dominant in these works; focus on a traditional socio-cultural milieu is recurrent and is still of current importance, while the modern socio-cultural milieu is determinant but not quite as dominant as rural space. These are some of the basic elements composing the backdrop of Nigérien novelistic creation. They suggest aspects of a collective identity. Nonetheless these are not, in themselves, sufficient grounds on which to identify a specific literary production.
Die buitestaander (Albert Camus, vertaal deur Jan Rabie)
Authors: Malan Charles
Published: November 2011

...
Uit die oogpunt van die buitestander: Die rol van identiteit en ruimte in die skep van ’n gemeenskapseie jeugnovelle
Authors: Combrink Anneretha , Greyling Franci , Du Plessis Hans
Published: November 2011

The reading habits (or lack thereof) of adolescents in South Africa, like those in the rest of the world, are reason for concern. The fact that adolescents read distressingly little can be attributed to different reasons. It may be because of a lack of skill and interest, or because there is a dearth of texts with which they can identify. If more texts were created in which adolescents can identify with the spaces and identities portrayed, the reading statistics in South Africa may shift positively. However, at present not all communities and voices in the country are represented by a diversity of writers, especially writers of youth literature. In the Afrikaans speaking coloured community of Promosa, Potchefstroom, the same tendency is found. Although it is ideal that these communities should be represented by their own writers, who know them best, this is not always the case. Is it therefore possible for an outsider to create a youth novel for a specific target group with which they (the adolescents of Promosa) will identify?
“Jan de Dood en sy bende”: Vergestaltings van die dood in die romans van Lettie Viljoen/Ingrid Winterbach
Authors: Human Thys
Published: November 2011

References to death and mortality play an (increasingly) important role in the works of Lettie Viljoen/Ingrid Winterbach. In this article the central role of personifications of death in her novels is investigated. There are mainly two important ways in which death is embodied in her novels since 1993, i.e. as an ubiquitous, but simultaneously absent male figure, such as Jama in Karolina Ferreira (translated as The Elusive Moth, 1993, 2005), Jan de Dood in Buller se plan (Buller’s plan, 1999) and Theo Verwey in Die boek van toeval en toeverlaat (The book of coincidence and refuge, 2006) and the femme fatale and angel of death, respectively represented by a seductive woman with red hair and pale skin and either an emaciated woman in black, or a black woman as in Landskap met vroue en slang (Landscape with women and snake, 1996) Buller se plan and Niggie (translated as To Hell with Cronjé, 2002, 2007). These personifications function as so-called memento mori – iconographic reminders of mortality. Although death obtains a specific personal appearance through personification, it does not become more knowable or representable in the works of Viljoen/Winterbach, however. In fact, these embodiments repeatedly rather underline the ungraspable nature and unknowableness of death. In the novels since Karolina Ferreira there is, eventually, a sustained tension between the attempts to make death more knowable and representable on the one hand and, on the other, the understanding or concession that all these attempts are, ultimately, insufficient and limited.
Migrating bards: Writers’ burdens and a writers’ body in Nigeria at the turn of the century
Authors: Diala Isidore
Published: November 2011

Wole Soyinka’s 1986 Nobel Prize for literature was received as a well deserved international recognition not only of the distinction of Soyinka’s sustained output but also as a tribute to Nigerian and African literature in general. However, given decades of irresponsible leadership in the country, a sober appraisal of the Nigerian cultural and intellectual front twenty years after the Nobel event reveals a shocking impoverishment of the institutions for the production and evaluation of literature. With a collapsed publishing industry and the continuing migration of Nigeria’s most distinguished writers and literary critics to the West, Nigerian literature stands the risk of being subject to the dictates of legitimizing foreign agents of literary production and evaluation with the consequent danger of the perpetuation of Western biases of African literary excellence. By its crucial interventionist measures though, the Association of Nigerian Authors continues to strive to transform the socio-political environment so critical for the creation and appreciation of literature, to sustain the ideals of good writing in Nigeria and, moreover, by its annual awards of literary prizes, to remain a prominent stakeholder in the appraisal of literary excellence.
Uit de donkere dagen van voor linguistic turn oftewel wat J. M. Coetzee in de bekentenis van Willem Termeer zag en wat hij daarmee deed
Authors: Koch Jerzy , Zajas Pawel
Published: November 2011

The South African Nobel Prize winner, J. M. Coetzee has a particular connection to the Netherlands. For instance, he had reviewed Dutch literature for the New York Times (the reviews were later included in a book called Stranger Shores: essays 1986–1999) and he translated and compiled an anthology of Dutch poetry (Landscape with Rowers, 2004) for the English readership. Moreover, his books are frequently published in their Dutch translation prior to their official English releases. In 1976, Coetzee translated a novel by Marcelus Emants Een nagelaten bekentenis (1894), published in English as A Posthumous Confession. Parallel to this translation work, Coetzee also worked on his second novel In the Heart of the Country (1977). This paper is devoted to a detective-like tracing of reflections that Coetzee’s close reading of the Dutch novelist might have left in his own book. Why did Coetzee in the first place decide to translate Emants’ novel? What was its appeal that attracted him so much? What was Coetzee’s reading of Emants back in the 1970s?
Soviet Public Opinion and the Effectiveness of Party Ideological Work
Authors: Remington Thomas
Published: November 2011

Comprehensive and centralized control of the means ofcommunication has been a hallmark of Soviet party rule since earlyin the existence of the regime.1 The party's monopoly over what aSoviet writer has called "the ideological process" covers theelaboration of theory, guidance of culture, and politicaleducation and communication.2 The latter functions are performedby a dense and differentiated network of oral, print, andbroadcast media, all under the immediate direction of territorialparty commitees situated in each administrative jurisdiction ofthe country. Through them, the leadership endeavors to shapepopular consciousness and to prevent the dissemination of facts orideas antithetical to the regime's doctrinally-based legitimacy.
For the Revolution Redeemed: The Workers' Opposition in the Bolshevik Party, 1919-1921
Authors: Holmes Larry E.
Published: November 2011

After the October Revolution, Party members debated the proper relationship among the Communist Party, state apparatus (the soviets), and organized labor. From 1919 to 1921, sharp differences of opinion developed between the Party's leadership and the Workers Opposition.
Pragmatists and Puritans: The Rise and Fall of the Party Control Commission
Authors: Getty J. Arch
Published: November 2011

At its widely celebrated "Congress of Victors" in 1934, the Soviet Communist Party reorganized and redeployed its disciplinary and verification efforts into a Party Control Commission Komissiia partiinogo kontrol'ia, KPK. With a strong explicit mandate and considerable publicity, the party leadership put the KPK in charge of investigating party malfeasance at all levels and of ensuring "fulfillment of decisions" throughout the party. Stalin assigned high-ranking and authoritative party leaders (first L. M. Kaganovich, then N. I. Ezhov) to lead the new body, whose agents were vested with the power to give "obligatory instructions" to any party or state body. Almost immediately, the KPK began a struggle with regional party leaders over contested prerogatives of center and periphery, as well as attitudinal and juridical differences between uncompromising, straitlaced inspectors and more pragmatic, flexible administrators. Yet despite its high-level mandate and the destruction of many of its enemies in the purges, by 1938 the KPK had failed to fulfill its promise and was essentially discarded as an inspection agency. This essay looks at the Party Control Commission in the 1930s as an ultimately unsuccessful Stalinist political tactic.
Clinical and Electrophysiologic Outcome in Patients with Neovascular Glaucoma Treated with and without Bevacizumab
Authors: Wittström Elisabeth , Holmberg Hans , Hvarfner Charlotte , Andréasson Sten
Published: November 2011

Purpose

To investigate the clinical and electrophysiologic effect of a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for neovascular glaucoma (NVG) after ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (iCRVO).

Methods

Nineteen eyes from 19 patients with NVG secondary to iCRVO were randomly allocated to either an intravitreal bevacizumab injection and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) (10 eyes) or PRP alone (9 eyes). The primary outcome measure was the change in the total retinal function 6 months after treatment, demonstrated by full-field electroretinography (ERG). Secondary outcomes included visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma medication, additional IOP-lowering treatment, and the presence of ocular neovascularization before treatment, and 1 week, 2 months, and 6 months after treatment.

Results

The regression of ocular neovascularization in the bevacizumab/PRP group was confirmed 1 week after injection. Patients in both study groups had very poor visual acuity at baseline. This remained unchanged. There was no significant difference in the mean IOP between the groups at any point in time. The a-wave amplitudes of combined rod-cone response were significantly decreased after 6 months in the bevacizumab/PRP group (p=0.028), compared with the baseline values. The a- and b-wave amplitudes of combined rod-cone response and the b-wave amplitudes of the 30-Hz flicker response were also markedly reduced compared with the PRP group (–60%, −43%, −47% vs +23%, −36%, −16%, respectively).

Conclusions

This study suggests that intravitreal injection of bevacizumab is valuable in the treatment of NVG by hastening the resolution of neovascularization, while the full-field ERG results indicate that bevacizumab may reduce the photoreceptor function in NVG patients.
Reliability of Cup Position in Navigated Tha in the Lateral Decubitus Position Using the ‘Flip Technique’
Authors: Carcangiu Alessandro , D'Arrigo Carmelo , Topa Domenico , Alonzo Raffaella , Speranza Attilio , De Sanctis Stefania , Ferretti Andrea
Published: November 2011

Malpositioning of the acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty (THA) increases the risk of dislocation, reduces the range of motion and may contribute to bearing surface wear. During computer assisted navigation, the anterior pelvic plane is registered intraoperatively by percutaneous palpation, but this may be unreliable. The aim of our study was to evaluate the reliability of imageless navigation in acetabular positioning employing data acquisition in the supine position and surgery in the lateral position (‘flip technique’).

We report 24 patients affected by primary osteoarthritis undergoing THA in which implants were placed with a conventional free-hand technique using the acetabular transverse ligament for cup orientation. For imageless navigation we used Orthopilot-Aesculap software. All patients had a postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan at three months, using previously validated dedicated software for cup orientation. Data collected using navigation software were compared with CT measurements. The mean acetabular inclination and anteversion recorded intra-operatively using navigation software were respectively 41°5’ (SD: 9.61) and 9°5’ (SD: 4.01) respectively. The mean inclination and anteversion calculated post-operatively by the CT based image software were 44°2’ (SD 5.83) and 14°4’ (SD 6.42) respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the anteversion values (p=0.04).

Therefore, the acquisition of parameters in the supine position with surgery performed in the lateral decubitus position creates unreliable data concerning cup anteversion using an imageless navigation system, and therefore the ‘flip technique’ cannot be recommended.
A phosphine‐free heterogeneous Suzuki–Miyaura reaction of aryl bromides catalyzed by MCM‐41‐supported tridentate nitrogen palladium complex under air
Authors: Zhao Hong , Ding Guodong , Xu Li , Cai Mingzhong
Published: November 2011

MCM‐41‐supported tridentate nitrogen palladium(II) complex [MCM‐41‐3 N‐Pd(II)] was conveniently synthesized from commercially available and cheap 3‐(2‐aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane via immobilization on MCM‐41, followed by reacting with pyridine‐2‐carboxaldehyde and PdCl2. It was found that this palladium complex is an excellent catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of aryl bromides on two points: (i) the use of 5 × 10−4 mol equiv. of MCM‐41‐3 N‐Pd(II) under air afforded the coupling products efficiently after easy workup; (2) the catalyst can be reused many times without loss of catalytic activity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A QoS‐based fine‐grained reputation system in the grid environment
Authors: Cui Yongrui , Li Mingchu , Xiang Yang , Ren Yizhi , Cesare Silvio
Published: November 2011

The accuracy of feedback presentation, the sensitivity, and the robustness of reputation evaluation are critical issues to be addressed in a reputation system under the grid environment. This paper proposes a QoS‐based fine‐grained grid reputation system, where economic elements are considered to make the reputation system more sensitive in the commercial grid environments. A novel fine‐grained feedback presentation model based on aggregation of objective QoS attributes and subjective opinions of evaluators is proposed to enable a semi‐automatic, personalized and accurate feedback presentation. Through the introduction of a punishment factor and the adaptive reference of a previous trust value, the proposed reputation system effectively improves the sensitivity of the reputation evaluation. Moreover, the weighted combination of interorganizational trust, direct trust and recommended trust makes the reputation system more robust against collusion attacks. Simulation results show that the proposed reputation system can practically predict feedback and effectively resist malicious attacks such as fake transaction attacks and badmouthing attacks. This provides a clear advantage in the applications of grid service selection. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced MC3T3 preosteoblast viability and adhesion on polyelectrolyte multilayer films composed of glycol‐modified chitosan and hyaluronic acid
Authors: Holmes Christina A. , Tabrizian Maryam
Published: November 2011

Layer‐by‐layer polyelectrolyte films made of the naturally derived polysaccharides chitosan (CHI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) constitute a well‐studied system for the development of cell‐responsive biointerfaces. However, many cell lines exhibit decreased adhesion to CHI/HA multilayer films, particularly as the number of bilayers is increased. Here, our group demonstrates that films composed of glycol‐modified chitosan exhibit significantly improved MC3T3 preosteoblast adhesion and viability compared to corresponding films consisting of unmodified CHI. These differences in cellular adhesion are likely due to differences in surface topography and roughness, as measured via atomic force microscopy (AFM), as well as in film chemistry and the water solubility of the cation, since both types of films exhibited similar: thickness, as measured via quartz crystal microbalance and AFM; wettability, as measured via contact angle; and serum protein adsorption, as measured via the bicinchoninic acid assay. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Fabrication of AlInN/AlN/GaInN/GaN heterostructure field‐effect transistors
Authors: Ikeda Kazuya , Isobe Yasuhiro , Ikki Hiromichi , Sakakibara Tatsuyuki , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu , Amano Hiroshi
Published: November 2011

We report on the electrical properties of AlInN/GaInN heterostructures fabricated with InN molar fractions of 0 to 0.6 in the GaInN layer. High‐density two‐dimensional electron gases are formed near the interfaces of AlInN/AlN/GaInN at InN molar fractions of 0.3 and 0.6. The Al0.82In0.18N/AlN/Ga0.4In0.6N/GaN heterostructure field‐effect transistors exhibited static characteristics. The maximum drain‐source current reached a value of 0.26 A/mm (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Hoard from West Buckland, Somerset
Authors: Taylor Robin J.
Published: November 2011

The small Middle Bronze Age hoard from West Buckland, Somerset has been assumed to be lost since its publication in 1880. Plaster casts still exist of the objects in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford. Parallels are given for these objects and their chronology discussed. The way in which the casts may have reached the collection is considered. The circumstances of the find are also discussed, with the possibility that these objects may be from a burial, thus raising the question of our definition of hoards.
St. Mary at Wiveton in Norfolk, and a Group of Churches Attributed to its Mason
Authors: Fawcett Richard
Published: November 2011

A number of ecclesiastical buildings in Norfolk and northern Suffolk show a common repertoire of distinctively elaborated mouldings, which in several cases involves such precise repetition of formations that the same templates must have been used repeatedly. On the evidence of the mouldings, and of other detailed similarities between the buildings, it is argued that they may all be seen as the work of the same designing mason, and the documentation suggests that his active career was centred on the second quarter of the fifteenth century. The range of his personal manner of design in parochial churches is best seen at Wiveton, near the north coast, but he was also able to work on a more expanded scale, as in the Erpingham Gate into Norwich Cathedral close; the connecting link between the two scales of his work is to be found in the parochial west tower of Wymondham abbey.
Welsh Bucklers
Authors: Edwards Ifor , Blair Claude
Published: November 2011

The paper deals with a well-known group of Tudor bucklers (once thought to be Roman), made of leather reinforced with riveted iron or brass rings, sometimes accompanied by radiating strips. The evidence of a group of fifteenth-and sixteenth-century Welsh poems and other records is used to establish that they originated in Wales, and that Wrexham was a noted centre of production. A corpus of recorded examples is given.
Six Prehistoric Phalerae in the London Museum and a Discussion of other Phalerae from the British Isles
Authors: O'Connor Brendan
Published: November 2011

Six prehistoric bronze phalerae in the London Museum are published and other examples from Britain and Ireland are discussed. The phalerae are of continental manufacture or inspiration and show contacts with central Germany in Ha B I; Alpine Lake Pillages in Ha B 3; Austria, Bavaria, and Belgium in Ha C. The possible uses of phalerae as personal ornament, horse-gear, and shieldbosses are considere
Excavations at Gloucester: Third Interim Report: Kingsholm 1966–75
Authors: Hurst Henry , Garrod Patrick , Robinson H. Russell , Toynbee Jocelyn , Brown David
Published: November 2011

The results of excavations carried out in 1972 and 1974 and the records of builders' and service trenches over nine years, combined with reports of past discoveries, make up a body of evidence for Kingsholm's use first as a pre-Flavian military site (or sites) of more than one phase covering c. 50 acres, then as a late or sub-Roman cemetery and later as the site of the late Saxon and later aula regis. The archaeological evidence for the palace is supported by an account of the documentary evidence for its history and topography. Specialist studies are offered of the classification and iconography of the decorated bronze cheekpiece of pre-Flavian cavalry helmet and of a furnished inhumation probably of the early fifth century A.D.
A Reconnaissance Excavation at South Cadbury Castle, Somerset, 1966
Authors: Alcock Leslie
Published: November 2011

South Cadbury Castle (N.G. ST 6225) occupies a free-standing hill, some 500 feet high, towards the Somerset-Dorset border. The hill itself is principally, if not entirely, of yellow sandstone belonging to the Jurassic series. To the west there are wide views across the low-lying Somerset basin centred on Glastonbury, an area of great importance in the early post-Roman centuries. To the east, a scarp marks the western edge of the higher ground of Wessex. In cultural terms, South Cadbury lies within the north-western limits of the coins of the Durotriges, but is only a dozen miles from the Glastonbury Lake Village. In the post-Roman period, it is one of the most easterly sites to produce imported pottery of Tintagel type, as well as one of the most inland.
The Cross in Medieval Heraldry
Authors: Brault Gerard J.
Published: November 2011

The multiplicity of terms used to blazon crosses and the diversity of manners in which they were depicted constitute one of the most confusing aspects of medieval heraldry. Sir William St. John Hope deplored this situation in the following terms:

As regards the cross, heraldic writers have gone mad, and from the few simple crosses of pre-Tudor days there have been evolved scores of fantastic forms for which it would be difficult to find instances outside the heraldry books. In the Glossary of Heraldry, published in 1847, upwards of fifty varieties are enumerated, and there are other modern works in which they exceed two hundred!
The Palaeoliths of Boyn Hill, Maidenhead
Authors: Lacaille A. D.
Published: November 2011

By this communication to the Society, the author aims at drawing attention to the Palaeolithic archaeology of Boyn Hill, the western and highest part of the Berkshire town of Maidenhead. The name of this area is of course familiar to all geologists and to many antiquaries because it has so long been applied to most significant features of the Thames valley. Curiously enough, although Boyn Hill is held as classic ground, the Pleistocene deposits here have only been broadly studied, and of their archaeological contents little has been made and no specimen ever illustrated. Recently the place has given scope for more intensive researches than before, and if the work in the field, which will be described, has not been very rewarding, it has at least been the means of bringing together several loose threads. In a sense, too, this paper is a record of eleventh-hour rescue operations undertaken for information and for securing specimens to relate with past discoveries.
An Iron Age Bowl from Rose Ash, North Devon
Authors: Fox Aileen
Published: November 2011

The Rose Ash bowl was found by Mr. B. M. Ayre of Munson Farm when he was cutting drainage channels in the corner of a marshy field in September 1959. It came up in the shovel of a mechanical digger and Mr. Ayre noticed it as soon as the load was turned out: it lay bottom upwards on the heap of sticky grey clay and ‘shone as though it were gold’. He took it back to the farmhouse, washed it under the tap, and the next day, since he was going to Barnstaple, took it into the North Devon Athenaeum and asked the Curator, Mr. A. Blackwell, to identify it. Mr. Blackwell very properly sent it to the British Museum, and kindly told me about the discovery.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Dufty A. R.
Published: November 2011

‘What's not devoured by Time's devouring hand?

Where's Troy, and where's the Maypole in the Strand?’

That couplet is not, I need scarcely tell you, a contemporary one; it was written by the Reverend James Bramston in the eighteenth century. However, in the predicament now facing our heritage the title of the work might well suggest contemporaneity: it is The Art of Politics. And in the present climate of cuts, economies and withdrawal of grants to worthy causes, I might add my own doggerel:

There's every indication that the State

Resorting in extremity to Fate,

Whose way it is to ravage and destroy,

Would Schedule scarce a hectare of Troy

Or, even less, would lend a ready hand

To Designate the Maypole in the Strand.
The Risley Park Silver Lanx: A Lost Antiquity from Roman Britain
Authors: Johns Catherine
Published: November 2011

In 1729, a decorated fourth-century Roman silver dish bearing a Christian inscription was found at Risley Park, Derbyshire. Damaged when found, the fragments of the vessel were soon lost, but an illustrated account of it was published by William Stukeley in 1736. Stukeley and later authorities interpreted the inscription as implying that the dish had belonged to a late Roman church in France, and considered that it had been brought to Britain as loot in the Middle Ages. This paper presents a description and assessment of the Risley Park lanx in the light of the greater knowledge of late Roman silver plate now available, and makes the suggestion that the vessel may have been imported into Britain in the Roman period.
Excavations at Lincoln. Third Interim Report: Sites outside the Walled City 1972–1977
Authors: Jones M. J. , Darling Margaret J. , Gilmour Brian , Jones R. H. , Wood K. F.
Published: November 2011

Excavations outside the walled area (of the ancient city) have added much to our knowledge of Lincoln's historical development and have demonstrated the potential of the suburbs for further problem-orientated investigations. Evidence was recovered in 1972 for a late Iron Age settlement on the east bank of the Brayford to the south of the later Roman city. The Ermine Street frontage here was heavily built up from the mid-second century for a distance of at least 400 m. from the south gate of the extended colonia. Only slight traces of Roman occupation, however, have been recovered outside the east and west walls of the lower town. Investigation of the medieval suburb of Butwerk revealed a sequence of domestic structures from its originc. A.D. 1000 through to the post-medieval period, while the development of the ecclesiastical site of St. Mark's church in Wigford reflected to a large extent the changing fortunes of this important southern suburb. Limited work on the north and east banks of Brayford Pool exposed remains of early medieval waterfronts, but the exploitation of the city's waterside is as yet little understood. Further progress has been made in understanding the structures connected with the water supply to the Roman city, and an interesting Roman tile kiln 10 km. south-east of the city is also described.
The Earlier Prehistoric Settlement of Cranborne Chase-the First Results of Current Fieldwork
Authors: Barrett John , Bradley Richard , Green Martin , Lewis Barry
Published: November 2011

This paper offers a provisional assessment of the development of settlement in part of Cranborne Chase between the Mesolithic and the Late Bronze Age. It builds upon the results of Pitt Rivers' work in this region between 1880 and 1900, as well as more recent excavation and field survey. Special emphasis is placed on three factors: the relationship between activity in this area and settlement both in central Wessex and on the coastal plain; the place of the more prominent ‘public’ monuments in contemporary patterns of settlement and exchange; and the relationship between cemeteries and contemporary living sites. We present the first results from the extensive excavation of two Deverel-Rimbury enclosures and associated barrows, and a new analysis of Pitt Rivers' work on the urnfield at Handley Barrow 24.
Excavations in the City of London: First Interim Report, 1974–1975
Authors: Hobley Brian , Schofield John , Dyson Tony , Marsden Peter R. V. , Hill Charles , Willcox George
Published: November 2011

The Department of Urban Archaeology, City of London, was set up in December 1973 as part of Guildhall Museum, now the Museum of London. Since then it has excavated sixteen sites and carried out numerous watching briefs. Most of the formal excavations have been conducted on the vital waterfront sites, made available for the first time, and on the Roman and medieval defences of the City. Important evidence of the elusive Saxon occupation is gradually coming to light, and the work is accompanied by specialist research, particularly finds, environmental and documentary.
Excavations at Carthage 1976: Third Interim Report
Authors: Hurst Henry
Published: November 2011

At the end of the third season of work by the British team participating in the UNESCO Save Carthage project, a summary is given of present knowledge of the occupation sequence on the Ilôt de l'Amirauté from c. 400 B.C. to A.D. 700. New information or reinterpretation since 1975 covers the relationship between the Punic and Roman planning of the island and the nature of its possible Augustan, Severan, and Justinianic rebuildings. The structures which have been excavated since 1974 between two Roman streets on the north side of the circular harbour are interpreted as a series of shops or small commercial premises of Roman and Byzantine date. Here, as on the island, a large-scale redevelopment of early Byzantine date is indicated. On the Avenue Habib Bourguiba the city wall now has archaeological dating consistent with the historical evidence that it was constructed c.A.D. 425 and it appears to be associated with a major defensive ditch. Burials were made between the wall and possible ditch shortly after, and perhaps during, the wall's construction. There is also archaeological confirmation of the historical evidence for the neglect of the defences under the Vandal occupation and for their repair following Belisarius' capture of Carthage in 533. By the end of the sixth century the defences were again being neglected and in the early seventh century there was a building on the site of the presumed Belisarian ditch. There is a suggestion of further defensive activity at the time of the Arab invasion. Within the wall, the sequence has been taken back to the destruction of a Roman building in the fifth century and a summary is made of the sequence for the whole site from the early fifth to the late seventh or early eighth century A.D. Field-work has now finished on this site while a further two seasons are anticipated on the two harbour sites.
The Roman Pewter-Moulds from Silchester
Authors: Blagg Thomas , Read Susan
Published: November 2011

Pieces of six limestone moulds for the casting of pewter vessels, found on the Forum site at Silchester, are described and illustrated. Five were for casting three types of dish or plate. Two were moulded on both sides to form part of nests of moulds. The sixth piece was the inner mould for a cup or flagon. The techniques of manufacture are considered. The grooves for casting the rims and feet appear to be compass-drawn, but it is argued that there is no evidence that the moulds were lathe-turned.
Some Romano-Saxon Pottery from Essex
Authors: Rodwell Warwick
Published: November 2011

The paper discusses recent finds of Romano-Saxon pottery in Essex and shows how this class of vessel is apparently far more common in late Roman levels than has been hitherto realized. Fragments found in excavation are generally small and our present state of knowledge seldom permits reconstruction. The association of Romano-Saxon and Anglo-Saxon wares on several sites is noteworthy, and in the case of one villa site, Wickford, possible continuity of occupation and derivation of the name from the Roman vicus is discussed.

The paper emphasizes the need for careful study of late Roman, Romano-Saxon, and early Anglo-Saxon pottery as a whole, and its consideration as an evolving tradition.
The Commoner Late Roman Coarse Wares of the East Midlands
Authors: Todd Malcolm
Published: November 2011

It is by this time axiomatic that regional studies of pottery types, wares, and fabrics can greatly expand our knowledge of the pottery industry in Roman Britain. Some of the most penetrating studies which have contributed to the subject of Romano-British coarse pottery in recent years have concerned themselves with the peculiar types and wares of individual regions, or with the geographical spread of distinctive products as mirrored in the pattern of their distribution. This outline study of two large and varied classes of common coarse wares, current in the east Midlands towards the end of the Roman period, is designed primarily to provide (a) a brief discussion of a very distinctive burnished grey ware, and (b) to record some results of further work on the remarkable north-east Midland jar types, best known in the forms of Derbyshire and Dales Ware. With the exception of these two, the major late Roman wares of the area have not been systematically studied. Taken with the recent studies on those two wares, it is intended that these notes will form a convenient introduction to the late Roman pottery industry in this region.
A Late Inscription from Wroxeter
Authors: Wright R. P. , Jackson K. H.
Published: November 2011

The inscribed stone which is the subject of this article was found in the early spring of 1967 in ploughing just inside the defences of the Roman town at Wroxeter (Viroconium), just west of the ‘Eastern Cemetery’ marked on the V.C.H. plan. As the stone is heavy it is unlikely to have been dragged any distance by the plough. It may be suggested that at a late date interments had spread inside the once-inhabited area. The latest levels at Roman Wroxeter have been totally removed or extensively disturbed by persistent ploughing. Dr. G. Webster can cite no artefacts which can be placed in the fifth century, but chance discoveries may help to fill this lacuna. Precise dating cannot be attained, but it seems possible that Cunorix as an Irish foederatus could have settled at Wroxeter in a decade early in the fifth century, though it should be emphasized that the only firm date we have is c. A.D. 460–75 when the stone was set up, as Professor Jackson estimates on linguistic grounds.
Derby Racecourse Kiln Excavations 1972–3
Authors: Brassington M.
Published: November 2011

The examination of the Romano-British kilns situated on the Derby Racecourse Playing Fields (SK36133755) was continued during 1972/3 and a total of six kilns, in two groups, was excavated. The first group comprised two kilns of likely early second-century date which shared a common stokehole; this stokehole and one of the kilns had been greatly disturbed by unauthorised digging. The remaining kiln was found to have been constructed partly over a filled-in well which yielded pottery pre-dating the kiln. The second group consisted of four kilns situated close to a Roman road. Two kilns were of Antonine date and shared a common stokehole; adjacent to this stokehole and partly cut by it lay a small kiln, the oven of which was only 0·46 m. in diameter. A fourth kiln, the furnace of which alone survived, was of a first-century type; what remained had also been partly destroyed when one of the Antonine kilns was constructed. The principal products of the kilns consisted of bowls, jars and dishes; oxidized BBI sherds were found in the furnace chamber of the first-century kiln.
Excavations at Gloucester. Fifth Interim Report: St. Oswald's Priory 1977–8
Authors: Heighway Carolyn M. , West J.
Published: November 2011

The third and fourth seasons of excavations at St. Oswald's Priory, Gloucester, have led to the discovery of two further pre-Conquest building phases, including evidence of a separate building to the east of the ‘New Minster’ founded by 909. It has also been established that the church occupies the site of a late Roman cemetery.

Part of a decorated standing stone cross was found built into the early tenth-century church, and a report is provided on a carved slab from an early tenth-century context. A summary of the evidence from the Saxon grave-yard is given. The parish of the ‘New Minster’ and Free Chapel Royal is plotted and its origins discussed.
William Burges and the Completion of St. Paul's
Authors: Crook J. Mordaunt
Published: November 2011

St. Paul's is a post-Reformation cathedral, built on a pre-Reformation plan; designed for Anglicans, re-planned for Evangelicals, and then re-decorated for Anglo-Catholics. Hence the complexity of its architectural history. This article examines Wren's unfinished legacy, and discusses the many schemes to complete the cathedral's decoration, beginning with Sir James Thornhill and ending with Sir William Richmond. Central to its theme are the decorative proposals produced between 1870 and 1874 by William Burges (1827–81). Public outcry prevented the implementation of Burges's plans for a full-scale programme of marble and mosaic decoration. Nevertheless, his schemes formed the basis of the cathedral's eventual refurbishment during the 1890s.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Taylor A. J.
Published: November 2011

When I addressed you from this ancient and honourable chair at the end of my first year of office, I recalled some of the striking variations there have been in the length of tenure of its occupants. In contrasting, for example, the two-year term of Frederic Ouvry (1876–8) with the thirty-four years of Lord Aberdeen (1812–46) and thirty years of Lord Stanhope (1846–76) that immediately preceded it, I showed there was already a precedent for a term shorter than the five-year stretch that has been customary for the last eighty years, and foreshadowed that now in the time of our greatly expanded Society there might be reasonable cause for invoking it. And accordingly, exactly one hundred years after Ouvry decided to decline re-election after holding the President's office for a mere two years, I for my part have decided to mark this particular centenary by not standing for reelection after holding it for three. I am aware that in doing so I have myself created a new precedent, or rather re-created an old one. However, this is but a single and personal decision, and unless and until Council and the Society resolve to shorten the maximum tenure of five years laid down in Statutes, Chapter VI, Section V, there can be no obligation on any who come after me to follow it. The decision has not been reached lightly, and any feeling of relinquishing a burden is offset by very real sentiments of regret, compensated only by the certainty that what is served above all is the best interest of the Society. And this is my opportunity to thank the Society for all the support and friendship extended to me throughout these last three years by the Fellowship at large and especially by members of Council and of the various committees, whose tolerant understanding has been a constant help to me in all our deliberations. In particular I would acknowledge the debt which not only I but all our Fellows owe to my brother officers and, not least, to the Assistant Secretary and Librarian and all our small staff, for their unremitting services in furthering the many-sided activities of this great institution.
The Hewer Memorial at Clapham: A Reflection of Bernini
Authors: Ninnis R. J.
Published: November 2011

This article draws attention to the presence in south-west London of what might be regarded as a monument by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. It is not from Bernini's hand and it is not quite a replica, but is an adaptation of the master's Raggi monument in Rome, and in a large degree preserves the High Baroque spirit of the original work. Although many examples of Bernini's influence can be found in the commemorative art of Britain in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, no other monument represents so faithfully the original Bernini design.

The Hewer monument is not signed and, as yet, no documentary evidence can be produced to throw light on the means of inspiration for the English sculptor; it is, however, most likely to have been associated with John Jackson's purchases in Rome for the library of his uncle, Samuel Pepys.
Excavations at Portchester Castle, Hants, 1961–3. First Interim Report
Authors: Cunliffe Barry
Published: November 2011

Portchester Castle remained untouched by archaeologists until the Office of Works took charge of the site in 1926. From that date until 1938 tidying up operations were carried out, entailing the excavation of moats and the general lowering of the ground level within the Inner Bailey. In 1956 Mr. R. Robertson-Mackay, on behalf of the Ministry of Works, supervised the digging of a trial trench, to the south of the present road, across the line of the second Roman ditch outside the west wall of the fort. In June and July 1961, the writer excavated an area, 100 ft. by 30 ft., against the inside of the west wall, to the south of the Landgate, the work being organized by the Ministry of Works as a rescue excavation prior to the proposed construction of a changing-room and lavatory. The site was later considered to be unsuitable for such a structure, but it was decided to conduct further excavations, the first phase of which (Easter 1962—Easter 1963) was designed to examine the Roman defences. The work was carried out with the co-operation of the Ministry of Public Building and Works and was financed by grants from the Libraries and Museums Committee of the Portsmouth City Council, the Hampshire Field Club, and the Joint Archaeological Committee.
The Romano-British Shrines at Brigstock, Northants
Authors: Greenfield Ernest
Published: November 2011

Two shrines of circular and polygonal shape, probably part of a larger group, were erected early in the second half of the third century A.D., and occupied until late in the fourth century. The shrines occur in an area of widespread settlement dating from the late Iron Age until the end of the fourth century. Many objects of bronze and iron of ritual significance, together with a large number of votive deposits and coins, were recovered from the circular shrine. Miss M. V. Taylor's discussion of the principal objects appears on pp. 264–8.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Richmond Ian
Published: November 2011

The benign personification of our Society as The Old Lady is a homage which endears itself the more as the years increase enjoyment of her service. We endow her with comeliness, and recognize both her caprice and her gift of growing old more gracefully than her critics, while acquiring in the process, after a wild youth by present-day standards, the sovereign qualities of experience and good sense. Nor does she lack the power of innovation which five years ago led her to choose my distinguished predecessor as her first Lady President. The quality of Dr. Joan Evans's scholarship is well known to all, but fortune has bestowed upon her other gifts as well. She is peculiarly fortunate in her ancestral connexions with the Society and in her ability to exercise in our favour an unstinting generosity. Wealth attracts wealth: during her office and indeed within her family orbit, the spontaneous munificence of Miss Minet rescued the Society from penury and made it possible to set our house in order.
Cirencester 1965
Authors: Brown P. D. C. , McWhirr Alan D. , Radford C. A. Ralegh
Published: November 2011

The 1965 season's excavation at Cirencester was carried out on behalf of the Cirencester Excavation Committee from 12th July to 21st August, with a further extension until 18th September, in order to complete the work begun on the Saxon church. Grants towards the work were received from the Society of Antiquaries of London, Ministry of Public Building and Works, Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, Cirencester Archaeological and Historical Society, and the Haverfield Trust of the University of Oxford, to all of which bodies the committee extends its thanks. Approximately £4,000 was expended during the excavation. Some 200 people took part and, with such large numbers, much depended on the site supervisors without whose experience work on such a large scale would not have been possible. We were relieved of all administrative and financial problems by the unfailing support of Mr. W. A. Blythe, to whom the committee is much indebted for his services. Thanks must also go to the Cirencester Archaeological and Historical Society for much help, and for providing guides throughout the excavation. Donations by the public and purchases from the site stall totalled £250.
A Cistercian Ware Kiln of the Early Sixteenth Century at Potterton, Yorkshire
Authors: Mayes P. , Pirie Elizabeth J. E. , Le Patourel H. E. Jean
Published: November 2011

This report covers the excavation of a pottery kiln producing fine Cistercian wares at a date close to 1500. The coal-fired kiln has six flues. The pottery was fired in large, coarsely made saggars and was remarkable for the wide colour range exhibited. The kiln was situated in the front garden of Potterton Grange Farm and this meant that the area available for investigation was limited.
Quernhow: a Food-Vessel Barrow in Yorkshire
Authors: Waterman D. M.
Published: November 2011

The excavation described in this paper was occasioned by the impending destruction of the Quernhow barrow in the course of construction of a new carriage-way on the Great North Road. Proposals for the preservation of the monument had been advanced prior to the last war, but these proving inexpedient, the complete investigation of the structure was requested by the Ancient Monuments Inspectorate of the Ministry of Works, at the instance of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, and the writer invited to supervise the excavation. A generous grant towards the cost of labour having been made by the Ministry and the Society undertaking to meet all other expenses involved, work commenced on 2nd May 1949, and continued for six weeks, four men being employed throughout this period. At no time was the weather ideal, alternating between an exceptionally long dry spell, which made the study of the barrow structure an extremely difficult task, and a period of continuous rain which unfortunately coincided with the investigation of the primary burial complex.
The Stanwick Excavations, 1951. Interim Report
Authors: Wheeler R. E. M.
Published: November 2011

In the parishes of Stanwick St. John and Forcett-with-Carkin, eight miles north of Richmond in the North Riding of Yorkshire, are more than six miles of rampart and ditch, forming a complex of enclosures of a very remarkable kind. Since Leland's day they have been a sufficiently notorious archaeological problem, but their size and remoteness on the one hand, and possibly the counter-attractions of Hadrian's Wall on the other, have combined to deter analytical investigation of them.