bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Tip Stiffness on Piles with down Drag
Authors: Lucarelli Augusto , Blanksma Derrick , Dasenbrock Derrick , Peterson Ryan
Published: September 2015

The loading response of a single vertical pile was calibrated against historical data on strain gauge loads acquired at a highway bridge abutment on Steele County Route 7 in Owatonna, Minnesota. At this site, H-type piles were driven to a weathered bedrock layer, and soil surcharging was used to reduce the anticipated settlement of a layer of clayey sand overburden 15 m (50 ft) thick. Evaluating the load in the bridge piling for both this case study and subsequent sensitivity modeling provides comprehensive information to support the Minnesota Department of Transportation's revised drag-load design. The simulation was performed with FLAC3D software, and the goal of the model was to investigate behavior of piles subjected to negative skin friction (down drag). A sensitivity analysis was conducted from the calibrated case by changing the stiffness of the strata along the frictional portion of the pile and in the end-bearing strata. The simulations showed that, for a relative stiffness below 0.1 (very stiff base layer), the neutral plane was at the bottom of the pile, and maximum possible drag-load forces were realized. At a relative stiffness above 10 (very soft base layer), the neutral plane was near the top of the pile, and the drag-load force was minimal. This research suggests that, for many Minnesota state transportation projects, the drag load is centered between the extreme cases. Findings indicate that, for piles driven to stiff rock, drag load must be evaluated to ensure pile structural capacity is sufficient; historically, this check was often ignored.
Arne Torkildsen and the ventriculocisternal shunt: the first clinically successful shunt for hydrocephalus
Authors: Eide Per Kristian , Lundar Tryggve
Published: September 2015

Arne Torkildsen was a pioneering Norwegian neurosurgeon who introduced the ventriculocisternal shunt, the first clinically successful shunt for CSF diversion in hydrocephalus. The procedure, usually referred to as ventriculocisternostomy (VCS), Torkildsen’s operation, orTorkildsen’s shunt, became internationally recognized as an efficient operation for the treatment of noncommunicating hydrocephalus. The operation gained widespread use in the 1940s and 1950s before the introduction of extracranial shunts. In this paper, the authors look more closely at Torkildsen’s development of the VCS and examine how this surgical approach differed from other procedures for treating hydrocephalus before World War II. Long-term results of the VCS are presented.
Microvascular anatomy of the cerebellar parafloccular perforating space
Authors: Sosa Pablo , Dujovny Manuel , Onyekachi Ibe , Sockwell Noressia , Cremaschi Fabián , Savastano Luis E.
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

The cerebellopontine angle is a common site for tumor growth and vascular pathologies requiring surgical manipulations that jeopardize cranial nerve integrity and cerebellar and brainstem perfusion. To date, a detailed study of vessels perforating the cisternal surface of the middle cerebellar peduncle—namely, the paraflocculus or parafloccular perforating space—has yet to be published. In this report, the perforating vessels of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in the parafloccular space, or on the cisternal surface of the middle cerebellar peduncle, are described to elucidate their relevance pertaining to microsurgery and the different pathologies that occur at the cerebellopontine angle.

METHODS

Fourteen cadaveric cerebellopontine cisterns (CPCs) were studied. Anatomical dissections and analysis of the perforating arteries of the AICA and posterior inferior cerebellar artery at the parafloccular space were recorded using direct visualization by surgical microscope, optical histology, and scanning electron microscope. A comprehensive review of the English-language and Spanish-language literature was also performed, and findings related to anatomy, histology, physiology, neurology, neuroradiology, microsurgery, and endovascular surgery pertaining to the cerebellar flocculus or parafloccular spaces are summarized.

RESULTS

A total of 298 perforating arteries were found in the dissected specimens, with a minimum of 15 to a maximum of 26 vessels per parafloccular perforating space. The average outer diameter of the cisternal portion of the perforating arteries was 0.11 ± 0.042 mm (mean ± SD) and the average length was 2.84 ± 1.2 mm. Detailed schematics and the surgical anatomy of the perforating vessels at the CPC and their clinical relevance are reported.

CONCLUSIONS

The parafloccular space is a key entry point for many perforating vessels toward the middle cerebellar peduncle and lateral brainstem, and it must be respected and protected during surgical approaches to the cerebellopontine angle.
Bradford’s law: identification of the core journals for neurosurgery and its subspecialties
Authors: Venable Garrett T. , Shepherd Brandon A. , Loftis Christopher M. , McClatchy S. Gray , Roberts Mallory L. , Fillinger Meghan E. , Tansey James B. , Klimo Paul
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

Bradford’s law describes the scatter of citations for a given subject or field. It can be used to identify the most highly cited journals for a field or subject. The objective of this study was to use currently accepted formulations of Bradford’s law to identify core journals of neurosurgery and neurosurgical subspecialties.

METHODS

All original research publications from 2009 to 2013 were analyzed for the top 25 North American academic neurosurgeons from each subspecialty. The top 25 were chosen from a ranked career h-index list identified from previous studies. Egghe’s formulation and the verbal formulation of Bradford’s law were applied to create specific citation density zones and identify the core journals for each subspecialty. The databases were then combined to identify the core journals for all of academic neurosurgery.

RESULTS

Using Bradford’s verbal law with 4 zone models, the authors were able to identify the core journals of neurosurgery and its subspecialties. The journals found in the most highly cited first zone are presented here as the core journals. For neurosurgery as a whole, the core included the following journals: Journal of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery, Spine, Stroke, Neurology, American Journal of Neuroradiology, International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, and New England Journal of Medicine. The core journals for each subspecialty are presented in the manuscript.

CONCLUSIONS

Bradford’s law can be used to identify the core journals of neurosurgery and its subspecialties. The core journals vary for each neurosurgical subspecialty, but Journal of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery are among the core journals for each neurosurgical subspecialty.
Creating a normative database of age-specific 3D geometrical data, bone density, and bone thickness of the developing skull: a pilot study
Authors: Delye Hans , Clijmans Tim , Mommaerts Maurice Yves , Sloten Jos Vnder , Goffin Jan
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

Finite element models (FEMs) of the head are used to study the biomechanics of traumatic brain injury and depend heavily on the use of accurate material properties and head geometry. Any FEM aimed at investigating traumatic head injury in children should therefore use age-specific dimensions of the head, as well as age-specific material properties of the different tissues. In this study, the authors built a database of age-corrected skull geometry, skull thickness, and bone density of the developing skull to aid in the development of an age-specific FEM of a child’s head. Such a database, containing age-corrected normative skull geometry data, can also be used for preoperative surgical planning and postoperative long-term follow-up of craniosynostosis surgery results.

METHODS

Computed tomography data were processed for 187 patients (age range 0–20 years old). A 3D surface model was calculated from segmented skull surfaces. Skull models, reference points, and sutures were processed into a MATLAB-supported database. This process included automatic calculation of 2D measurements as well as 3D measurements: length of the coronal suture, length of the lambdoid suture, and the 3D anterior-posterior length, defined as the sum of the metopic and sagittal suture. Skull thickness and skull bone density calculations were included.

RESULTS

Cephalic length, cephalic width, intercoronal distance, lateral orbital distance, intertemporal distance, and 3D measurements were obtained, confirming the well-established general growth pattern of the skull. Skull thickness increases rapidly in the first year of life, slowing down during the second year of life, while skull density increases with a fast but steady pace during the first 3 years of life. Both skull thickness and density continue to increase up to adulthood.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first report of normative data on 2D and 3D measurements, skull bone thickness, and skull bone density for children aged 0–20 years. This database can help build an age-specific FEM of a child’s head. It can also help to tailor preoperative virtual planning in craniosynostosis surgery toward patient-specific normative target values and to perform objective long-term follow-up in craniosynostosis surgery.
Linear nondisplaced skull fractures in children: who should be observed or admitted?
Authors: Arrey Eliel N. , Kerr Marcia L. , Fletcher Stephen , Cox Charles S. , Sandberg David I.
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

In this study the authors reviewed clinical management and outcomes in a large series of children with isolated linear nondisplaced skull fractures (NDSFs). Factors associated with hospitalization of these patients and costs of management were also reviewed.

METHODS

After institutional review board approval, the authors retrospectively reviewed clinical records and imaging studies for patients between the ages of 0 and 16 years who were evaluated for NDSFs at a single children’s hospital between January 2009 and December 2013. Patients were excluded if the fracture was open or comminuted. Additional exclusion criteria included intracranial hemorrhage, more than 1 skull fracture, or pneumocephalus.

RESULTS

Three hundred twenty-six patients met inclusion criteria. The median patient age was 19 months (range 2 weeks to 15 years). One hundred ninety-three patients (59%) were male and 133 (41%) were female. One hundred eighty-four patients (56%) were placed under 23-hour observation, 87 (27%) were admitted to the hospital, and 55 patients (17%) were discharged from the emergency department. Two hundred seventy-eight patients (85%) arrived by ambulance, 36 (11%) arrived by car, and 12 (4%) were airlifted by helicopter. Two hundred fifty-seven patients (79%) were transferred from another institution. The mean hospital stay for patients admitted to the hospital was 46 hours (range 7–395 hours). The mean hospital stay for patients placed under 23-hour observation status was 18 hours (range 2–43 hours). The reasons for hospitalization longer than 1 day included Child Protective Services involvement in 24 patients and other injuries in 11 patients. Thirteen percent (n = 45) had altered mental status or loss of consciousness by history. No patient had any neurological deficits on examination, and none required neurosurgical intervention. Less than 16% (n = 50) had subsequent outpatient follow-up. These patients were all neurologically intact at the follow-up visit.

CONCLUSIONS

Hospitalization is not necessary for many children with NDSFs. Patients with mental status changes, additional injuries, or possible nonaccidental injury may require observation.
Clinical and histopathological outcomes in patients with SCN1A mutations undergoing surgery for epilepsy
Authors: Skjei Karen L. , Church Ephraim W. , Harding Brian N. , Santi Mariarita , Holland-Bouley Katherine D. , Clancy Robert R. , Porter Brenda E. , Heuer Gregory G. , Marsh Eric D.
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

Mutations in the sodium channel alpha 1 subunit gene (SCN1A) have been associated with a wide range of epilepsy phenotypes including Dravet syndrome. There currently exist few histopathological and surgical outcome reports in patients with this disease. In this case series, the authors describe the clinical features, surgical pathology, and outcomes in 6 patients with SCN1A mutations and refractory epilepsy who underwent focal cortical resection prior to uncovering the genetic basis of their epilepsy.

METHODS

Medical records of SCN1A mutation-positive children with treatment-resistant epilepsy who had undergone resective epilepsy surgery were reviewed retrospectively. Surgical pathology specimens were reviewed.

RESULTS

All 6 patients identified carried diagnoses of intractable epilepsy with mixed seizure types. Age at surgery ranged from 18 months to 20 years. Seizures were refractory to surgery in every case. Surgical histopathology showed evidence of subtle cortical dysplasia in 4 of 6 patients, with more neurons in the molecular layer of the cortex and white matter.

CONCLUSIONS

Cortical resection is unlikely to be beneficial in these children due to the genetic defect and the unexpected neuropathological finding of mild diffuse malformations of cortical development. Together, these findings suggest a diffuse pathophysiological mechanism of the patients’ epilepsy which will not respond to focal resective surgery.
Preliminary Results of the LF/HF Ratio as an Indicator for Estimating Difficulty Level of Flight Tasks
Authors: Skibniewski Franciszek W. , Dziuda Łukasz , Baran Paulina M. , Krej Mariusz K. , Guzowski Sylwester , Piotrowski Marcin A. , Truszczyński Olaf E.
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: The main aim of this study was to differentiate the magnitude of a pilot’s heart rate variability (HRV) when performing assisted and unassisted flights, as well as simple and complex flight tasks.METHODS: Cardiac monitoring in flights was carried
out using a compact, mobile ECG recorder. A frequency analysis of the heart rate (HR) signal was performed to determine the ratio of low-frequency spectral power (LF) to high-frequency spectral power (HF).RESULTS: The LF/HF ratio observed in the zone (M = 1.047, SD = 0.059) was
significantly different than the LF/HF calculated preflight (M = 0.877, SD = 0.043) and postflight (M = 0.793, SD = 0.037). There was no main effect of the flight type (unassisted zone flight vs. zone flight with an instructor) on the LF/HF parameter. However, greater psychophysiological load
of a pilot was observed in the training zone flights when compared to simple circle flights (main effect of the flight type).CONCLUSIONS: As the LF/HF ratio turned out to be significantly higher in the zone than pre- and postflight, this parameter can be useful for predicting the
risk of excessive stress and arousal of pilots during flights. Based on the LF/HF ratio we can also estimate difficulty level of flight tasks, because our research has shown higher values of this parameter in the training zone flights than in simple circle flights.Skibniewski FW, Dziuda
Ł, Baran PM, Krej MK, Guzowski S, Piotrowski MA, Truszczyński OE. Preliminary results of the LF/HF ratio as an indicator for estimating difficulty level of flight tasks. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(6):518–523.
Dose-Effect Relationship Between Mild Levels of Hypergravity and Autonomic Circulatory Regulation
Authors: Ueda Kaname , Ogawa Yojiro , Yanagida Ryo , Aoki Ken , Iwasaki Ken-ichi
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: The dose-effect relationships between different levels of hypergravity (> +1.0 Gz) and steady-state hemodynamic parameters have been reported in several studies. However, little has been reported on the dose-effect relationship between hypergravity
levels and estimates of autonomic circulatory regulation, such as heart rate variability, arterial pressure variability, and spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity. We investigated dose-effect relationships between hypergravity levels from +1.0 Gz to +2.0 Gz (0.5
Gz) and autonomic circulatory regulation to test our hypothesis that autonomic circulatory regulation has a linear relationship with hypergravity levels.METHODS: Using a short-arm human centrifuge, 10 healthy seated men were subjected to +1.0 Gz, +1.5 Gz,
and +2.0 Gz hypergravity. We evaluated steady-state hemodynamic parameters and autonomic circulatory regulation indices. Heart rate variability, arterial pressure variability, and spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity between arterial pressure and R-R interval variabilities
were assessed by spectral analysis, sequence analysis, and transfer function analysis.RESULTS: Steady-state heart rate, stroke volume, and sequence slope (indicating spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in response to rapid changes in arterial pressure) showed linear correlations
with increases in gravity (from +1.0 Gz to +2.0 Gz). On the other hand, steady-state cardiac output, steady-state systolic arterial pressure, and low-frequency power of diastolic arterial pressure (indicating peripheral vasomotor sympathetic activity) remained unchanged
with gravity increases.CONCLUSION: Contrary to our hypothesis, the present study suggested that autonomic circulatory regulations show complex changes with hypergravity levels. Spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity reduces in a dose-dependent manner from +1.0 Gz
to +2.0 Gz, whereas peripheral vasomotor sympathetic activity seems to be maintained.Ueda K, Ogawa Y, Yanagida R, Aoki K, Iwasaki K. Dose-effect relationship between mild levels of hypergravity and autonomic circulatory regulation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(6):535540.
Pulmonary Artery Pressure Response to Simulated Air Travel in a Hypobaric Chamber
Authors: Turner Brandon E. , Hodkinson Peter D. , Timperley Andrew C. , Smith Thomas G.
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia-induced elevation in pulmonary artery pressure during air travel may contribute to the worldwide burden of in-flight medical emergencies. The pulmonary artery pressure response may be greater in older passengers, who are more likely to require flight diversion
due to a medical event. Understanding these effects may ultimately improve the safety of air travel.METHODS: We studied 16 healthy volunteers, consisting of a younger group (aged < 25 yr) and an older group (aged > 60 yr). Using a hypobaric chamber, subjects undertook a 2-h
simulated flight at the maximum cabin pressure altitude for commercial airline flights (8000 ft; 2438 m). Higher and lower altitudes within the aeromedical range were also explored. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was assessed by Doppler echocardiography.RESULTS: There
was a progressive increase in sPAP which appeared to be biphasic, with a small initial increase and a larger subsequent rise. Overall, sPAP increased by 5 ± 1 mmHg from baseline to 35 ± 1 mmHg at 8000 ft, an increase of 18%. The sPAP response to 8000 ft was greater in the older
group than the younger group.CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that pulmonary artery pressure increases during simulated air travel, and provides preliminary evidence that this response is greater in older people. Advancing age may increase in-flight susceptibility to adverse pulmonary
vascular responses in passengers, aircrew, and aeromedical patients.Turner BE, Hodkinson PD, Timperley AC, Smith TG. Pulmonary artery pressure response to simulated air travel in a hypobaric chamber. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(6):529–534.
AsMA Medical Guidelines for Air Travel: Fitness to Fly and Medical Clearances
Authors: Thibeault Claude , Evans Anthony D. , Dowdall Nigel P.
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: Medical Guidelines for Airline Travel provide information that enables healthcare providers to properly advise patients who plan to travel by air. Not everyone is fit to travel by air and physicians should advise their patients accordingly. They should review the
passenger’s medical condition, giving special consideration to the dosage and timing of any medications, contagiousness, and the need for special assistance during travel. In general, an individual with an unstable medical condition should not fly; cabin altitude, duration of exposure,
and altitude of the destination airport are all considerations when recommending a passenger for flight.Thibeault C, Evans AD, Dowdall NP. AsMA medical guidelines for air travel: fitness to fly and medical clearances. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(7):656.
AsMA Medical Guidelines for Air Travel: Airline Special Services
Authors: Thibeault Claude , Evans Anthony D.
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: Medical Guidelines for Airline Travel provide information that enables healthcare providers to properly advise patients who plan to travel by air. Treating physicians should advise patients in need of special services to contact the airline well before travel to
find out if the required services will be available. Ensuring the required services are available throughout a journey can be challenging, especially when different airlines and aircraft types are involved. For example, airlines carry a limited supply of oxygen for use in the event of an unexpected
in-flight emergency; however, this supply is not intended for use by passengers needing supplemental oxygen. Arrangements must be made in advance with the airline. Therefore, early contact with the airline is helpful.Thibeault C, Evans AD. AsMA medical guidelines for air travel: airline
special services. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(7):657–658.
Fearless Temperament and Overconfidence in an Unsuccessful Special Forces Polar Expedition
Authors: Leon Gloria R. , Venables Noah C.
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND: Assessment of the influence of personality and decision processes on the performance of two-person expedition teams has application for the composition of small teams for planetary exploration and potentially responding to off-nominal situations.CASE REPORT:
We studied a two-man Special Forces team with a goal of reaching the North Pole in the shortest amount of time. Both subjects had high scores on measures of leadership/dominance, fearlessness, and achievement, and low scores on harm avoidance (high risk-taking). Differences were noted on scales
measuring empathy, agreeableness, extraversion, emotional regulation, and callousness. Individual differences in the primacy of personal values of tradition vs. pleasure-seeking were evident.DISCUSSION: High dominance traits of both team members, incompatibility in other characteristics
and values, and minimal pretraining had a significant impact on the decision to abort the trek because of severe frostbite suffered by one subject. Implications for dyads exploring the Mars surface are discussed.Leon GR, Venables NC. Fearless temperament and overconfidence in an unsuccessful
special forces polar expedition. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(6):567–570.
A Methodology to Determine the Psychomotor Performance of Helicopter Pilots During Flight Maneuvers
Authors: McMahon Terry W. , Newman David G.
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: Helicopter flying is a complex psychomotor task requiring continuous control inputs to maintain stable flight and conduct maneuvers. Flight safety is impaired when this psychomotor performance is compromised. A comprehensive understanding of the psychomotor performance
of helicopter pilots, under various operational and physiological conditions, remains to be developed. The purpose of this study was to develop a flight simulator-based technique for capturing psychomotor performance data of helicopter pilots.METHODS: Three helicopter pilots conducted
six low-level flight sequences in a helicopter simulator. Accelerometers applied to each flight control recorded the frequency and magnitude of movements.RESULTS: The mean (± SEM) number of control inputs per flight was 2450 (± 136). The mean (± SEM) number
of control inputs per second was 1.96 (± 0.15). The mean (± SEM) force applied was 0.44 G (± 0.05 G). No significant differences were found between pilots in terms of flight completion times or number of movements per second. The number of control inputs made by the hands
was significantly greater than the number of foot movements. The left hand control input forces were significantly greater than all other input forces.DISCUSSION: This study shows that the use of accelerometers in flight simulators is an effective technique for capturing accurate,
reliable data on the psychomotor performance of helicopter pilots. This technique can be applied in future studies to a wider range of operational and physiological conditions and mission types in order to develop a greater awareness and understanding of the psychomotor performance demands
on helicopter pilots.McMahon TW, Newman DG. A methodology to determine the psychomotor performance of helicopter pilots during flight maneuvers. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(7):641–646.
Hypoxia, Hypobaria, and Exercise Duration Affect Acute Mountain Sickness
Authors: DiPasquale Dana M. , Strangman Gary E. , Harris N. Stuart , Muza Stephen R.
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: This study simultaneously quantified the effects of normobaric hypoxia (NH), hypobaric hypoxia (HH), exercise duration, and exposure time on acute mountain sickness severity (AMS-C).METHODS: Thirty-six subjects (27.7 ± 7.8 yr) participated in a
partial repeated measures study, completing two of six conditions: normobaric normoxia (NN: 300 m/984 ft equivalent), NH or HH (Po2 = 91 mmHg; 4400 m/14,436 ft equivalent), combined with moderate intensity cycling for 10 or 60 min. Subjects completed the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire
and oxygen saturation (Spo2) was measured before, 1.5 h, 4 h, and 6.5 h into an 8-h exposure, and 1.5 h post-exposure. We fit multiple linear regression models with cluster adjusted standard errors on the exposure times using NH, HH, and long exercise as indicator variables,
and AMS-C as the outcome variable. The Spo2 and pre-exposure AMS-C score were used as covariates.RESULTS: NH and HH led to substantial and progressively increasing AMS-C, but NN did not. The effect of HH on AMS-C was significantly different from NH, with AMS-C
in HH being 1.6 times higher than in NH. HH led to significantly increasing AMS-C, regardless of the exercise duration, while NH only did so in combination with longer exercise.DISCUSSION: Increases in AMS-C were each independently related to NH, HH, and long duration exercise,
with HH affecting AMS-C more severely. This suggests that hypobaria may affect AMS development above the level induced by hypoxia alone. This further suggests that NH and HH may not be interchangeable for studying AMS and that exercise duration may impact physiological responses.DiPasquale
DM, Strangman GE, Harris NS, Muza SR. Hypoxia, hypobaria, and exercise duration affect acute mountain sickness. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(7):614–619.
Nanocuration workflows: Establishing best practices for identifying, inputting, and sharing data to inform decisions on nanomaterials
Authors: Powers Christina M , Mills Karmann A , Morris Stephanie A , Klaessig Fred , Gaheen Sharon , Lewinski Nastassja , Ogilvie Hendren Christine
Published: September 2015

There is a critical opportunity in the field of nanoscience to compare and integrate information across diverse fields of study through informatics (i.e., nanoinformatics). This paper is one in a series of articles on the data curation process in nanoinformatics (nanocuration). Other articles in this series discuss key aspects of nanocuration (temporal metadata, data completeness, database integration), while the focus of this article is on the nanocuration workflow, or the process of identifying, inputting, and reviewing nanomaterial data in a data repository. In particular, the article discusses: 1) the rationale and importance of a defined workflow in nanocuration, 2) the influence of organizational goals or purpose on the workflow, 3) established workflow practices in other fields, 4) current workflow practices in nanocuration, 5) key challenges for workflows in emerging fields like nanomaterials, 6) examples to make these challenges more tangible, and 7) recommendations to address the identified challenges. Throughout the article, there is an emphasis on illustrating key concepts and current practices in the field. Data on current practices in the field are from a group of stakeholders active in nanocuration. In general, the development of workflows for nanocuration is nascent, with few individuals formally trained in data curation or utilizing available nanocuration resources (e.g., ISA-TAB-Nano). Additional emphasis on the potential benefits of cultivating nanomaterial data via nanocuration processes (e.g., capability to analyze data from across research groups) and providing nanocuration resources (e.g., training) will likely prove crucial for the wider application of nanocuration workflows in the scientific community.
BI-LAYER DIAPHRAGM WALLS: STRUCTURAL AND SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
Authors: SEGURA-CASTILLO Luis , AGUADO Antonio , DE LA FUENTE ANTEQUERA Albert , JOSA Alejandro
Published: September 2015

The bi-layer diaphragm wall, a new slurry wall type designed to cope with the problem of watertightness is studied in this paper. These walls consist of two bonded concrete layers, the first, a conventional Reinforced Concrete (RC) diaphragm wall, and the second, a Sprayed Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC). The main objective of this paper is to analyze the structural and sectional behaviour of these walls. A study in the form of an uncoupled structural-section analysis based on various hypothetical cases of bi-layer diaphragm walls was performed to fulfil the objective. It is concluded that there exists a potential of reduction in the reinforcement of the RC layer through the structural use of the SFRC layer. However, when the reduction is quantified, even though a reduction of between 3.2% and 1.7% in the RC reinforcement is confirmed, it appears insufficient to offer a cost-effective solution. Nonetheless, the system becomes a promising solution when particular conditions are taken into account, such as basement space limitations.
Construction de la résilience : le rôle des limites fermes et le tiers dans la thérapie relationnelle de groupe
Authors: Hargaden Helena , Blondel Agnès
Published: September 2015

En discutant l’article d’Erskine (2015) « Processus relationnel de groupe : avancées pour un modèle de psychothérapie de groupe en analyse transactionnelle », l’auteur reconsidère la signification d’aspects centraux au travail de groupe identifiés par Erskine : la sécurité, l’empathie et l’harmonisation. Elle établit une distinction entre l’empathie et l’harmonisation avant de débattre du besoin clinique de créer un espace psychologique pour les mises en acte dans le groupe. Elle avance que le type de culture développée dans un groupe subit l’influence de la conscience qu’a le thérapeute de ses propres traumatismes, ainsi que celle de sa résilience psychologique et de la manière dont la théorie a été intégrée à la pratique. On considérera la théorie du tiers comme une alternative pour la cocréation d’attitudes respectueuses dans le groupe.
L’enchevêtrement thérapeutique
Authors: Neville Bernie
Published: September 2015

Dans ses derniers écrits, Carl Rogers a souligné l’importance de l’intuition dans le processus thérapeutique. Il a émis l’idée d’une connaissance directe, intuitive, et témoigné de moments où il avait le sentiment que son client et lui étaient des éléments d’un ensemble plus vaste. Il a considéré l’intuition comme similaire à des phénomènes comme la télépathie et la précognition. Sa pensée rejoint en cela celle de Carl Jung, et elle peut être mise en relation avec celle de nombreux scientifiques et philosophes, tel Alfred N. Whitehead. Le monde qu’ils décrivent est un monde où chaque chose, chaque être est connecté. De manière similaire, Rogers a fait valoir qu’il n’y a pas d’espace pour séparer le thérapeute et le client. Et si la thérapie fonctionne, c’est avant tout parce qu’elle est relation. C’est la reconnaissance et la valorisation d’une telle relation qui facilite la tendance actualisante. En contextualisant ces idées, nous pouvons comprendre qu’au cœur de l’interaction selon l’Approche centrée sur la personne se trouve la « présence engagée ».
Addictologie et Approche centrée sur la personne : le point de vue d’un médecin de rue
Authors: Monnat Diserens Martine
Published: September 2015

Pratiquer la médecine de rue conduit à être en contact avec les personnes en marge de la société, dont bon nombre de consommateurs de drogues. Pour les soignants, établir une relation de confiance avec ces personnes aux modes relationnels perturbés n’a rien d’une évidence. En plus des compétences médicales, cela demande des aptitudes personnelles qui se révèlent similaires à celles présentées par Carl Rogers dans ses descriptions de la relation d’aide.
Être centré sur la personne
Authors: Patterson Cecil H. , Dreyfus-Asséo Sylvie
Published: September 2015

L’objectif de cet article est de considérer la tendance à un élargissement ou à une extension de la thérapie centrée sur client, en y introduisant des méthodes et techniques nouvelles ou « innovantes », allant au-delà des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes postulées par Rogers (1957). Il y a également eu des tentatives d’intégrer la thérapie centrée sur le client à d’autres approches, telles que la thérapie jungienne (Purton, 1989). La question de la cohérence de ces ajouts, de ces extensions et de ces perspectives d’intégration avec la philosophie et les hypothèses de base de l’Approche centrée sur la personne est soulevée et discutée.
Haine et adolescence : qui hait qui ?
Authors: Ladame François
Published: September 2015

La question de la haine et de l’adolescence est vue comme un jeu de miroir : d’un côté, la haine que peut ressentir l’adolescent et qui peut être une haine de l’autre comme une haine de soi ; de l’autre côté, la haine dont l’adolescent peut être la cible, la haine contre les adolescents.
Haine et traumatisme au début de l’adolescence
Authors: Vincent Michel
Published: September 2015

Après avoir brièvement évoqué les théories freudiennes sur la haine et les trois positions que j’ai proposées d’étudier à l’adolescence, une observation clinique permettra de mesurer le poids des transformations pubertaires à partir des expériences infantiles chez des patients atteints de maladies somatiques graves. Ces pathologies ne sont pas l’expression de conflits psychiques spécifiques, de tels troubles somatiques mobilisent les ressources du fonctionnement mental pour y faire face au mieux.
Narcissisme et haine pour le père
Authors: Lepastier Samuel
Published: September 2015

Cet article se propose d’analyser l’expression de la haine contre le père, fréquemment rencontrée aussi bien dans la clinique qu’en dehors d’elle chez les adolescents contemporains. S’il est vrai qu’un récit manifeste peut renvoyer à des contenus latents divers et que les conditions mêmes des cures d’adolescents n’autorisent pas toujours le dévoilement des couches les plus profondes de l’inconscient, il reste, dans le prolongement de la démarche de Freud quant à la question du parricide, que la prise en compte d’œuvres littéraires est une voie privilégiée pour rendre compte de cet affect.
Destructivité et complicité incestuelle dans un cas de parricide
Authors: Houssier Florian
Published: September 2015

À partir du récit de la mère d’un adolescent parricide, nous proposons plusieurs hypothèses quant aux aspects les plus saillants des mobiles inconscients du meurtre. Le lien parent-enfant teinté d’incestualité se révèle source d’indifférenciation et de confusion avec les objets, provoquant un sentiment d’impersonnalisation mélancoligène, source de violence. Dans ce contexte, le meurtre apparait également comme une tentative de « faire origine » dans un contexte transgénérationnel trouble.
Apocalypse patriotique en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Miran-Guyon Marie
Published: September 2015

Depuis les temps coloniaux, les prophétismes ont été un fil rouge primordial de l’histoire religieuse et politique de la Côte d’Ivoire. L’ostension de nouveaux prophétismes pentecôtistes dans la décennie 2000, consubstantiels du régime de Laurent Gbagbo, confirme l’actualité de cet héritage. Cet article étudie les prophéties chrétiennes en soutien à Gbagbo qui ont prodigalement fleuri avant, pendant et même après la violente crise postélectorale de 2010-2011. Il interroge plus spécifiquement les révélations et le phénomène sociétal inédit associé au pasteur-prophète Malachie Koné, en prenant soin de situer son pentecôtisme à outrance au sein de la mouvance plurielle et divisée des protestants et évangéliques ivoiriens.
Les exclusions paysannes
Authors: Jacquemot Pierre
Published: September 2015

Plusieurs centaines de millions de personnes sont aujourd’hui exclues du marché de l’emploi. Les projections mondiales sur l’évolution du marché du travail mettent en évidence qu’il faudrait créer 3,3 milliards d’emplois formels ou informels à l’horizon 2050 pour permettre à l’ensemble des actifs d’être inclus dans l’économie. Quelles conséquences pour les pays du Nord et les pays du Sud ? Quel rôle des crises des agricultures paysannes – et des pertes d’emplois qu’elle engendre – dans l’aggravation des déséquilibres sur le marché de l’emploi ? Quelles évolutions de l’agriculture et des politiques agricoles pour limiter les pertes d’emploi dans l’agriculture, tout en répondant aux autres grands défis que constituent la sécurité alimentaire et la préservation des écosystèmes. Pierre Jacquemot revient sur les intenses échanges, sur une thématique au cœur des enjeux de développement des pays africains.
Habiter un camp de travailleurs. Appropriation, usages et valeurs du dortoir en milieu contraint
Authors: Bruslé Tristan
Published: September 2015

Le fonctionnement des économies des pays du Golfe repose sur le travail des étrangers, qui forment 85 % de la population au Qatar. Parmi ceux-ci, une grande partie des migrants peu payés sont logés dans des camps de travailleurs ( labour camp ), une forme de « logement contraint » (Bernardot, 2007) correspondant à une gestion spatiale de la main-d'œuvre basée sur des stéréotypes ethniques et sociaux. Les migrants, principalement sud-asiatiques, sont ainsi logés à la périphérie des villes, dans les zones industrielles où sont situés les camps de travailleurs, un dispositif au cœur de la politique migratoire. Dans un contexte contraint, où l’enfermement signifie surtout une impossibilité de se mouvoir hors des zones industrielles, les hommes parviennent néanmoins à habiter leur dortoir. Ils « font avec » les contraintes institutionnelles en employant les tactiques et bricolages que les faibles ont à leur disposition (De Certeau, 1990). Les dortoirs, lieux de vie principaux hors du travail, sont l’objet d’appropriations fines mais indispensables, qui forment autant de micro-résistances à la dépersonnalisation des migrants. Mais le repli sur le dortoir correspond aussi au souhait des autorités de nier toute ambition politique aux migrants considérés comme de passage.
La prison, une « cité avec des barreaux » ? Continuum socio-spatial par-delà les murs
Authors: Bony Lucie
Published: September 2015

Dans la perspective des travaux géographiques et sociologiques qui analysent les relations entre l’intérieur et l’extérieur de la prison et interrogent l’application du concept d'« institution totale » (Goffman, 1968 [1961]) au contexte carcéral, on souhaite montrer que la vie sociale en détention n’est pas seulement façonnée par les contraintes internes à l’institution, mais qu’il existe une continuité des réseaux relationnels et des rapports sociaux par-delà le mur. Cette analyse repose sur une enquête ethnographique réalisée à la maison d’arrêt des Hauts-de-Seine, en banlieue parisienne. Il s’agit dans un premier temps de montrer l’existence d’un continuum social entre la prison et les zones urbaines d’où est originaire une majorité de détenus. Celui-ci transparaît dans les rapports sociaux en détention, qui correspondent à une version carcéralisée de la « culture de rue », et dans la continuité des réseaux relationnels d’interconnaissance en prison et à l’extérieur. On s’intéresse dans un second temps à la territorialisation de ce continuum social à différentes échelles (répartition en cellule, cohabitation en cours de promenade, mobilité interne des détenus, rapports à l’extérieur) et à sa participation au processus de « détotalisation » de l’institution carcérale.
Chronique d’architecture grecque (2014)
Authors: Hellmann Marie-Christine
Published: September 2015

Deux gros ouvrages diffusés en 2014 retiennent l’attention. Le premier, en grec, atteste la variété et l’originalité de l’architecture funéraire hellénistique de Rhodes, à partir d’un complexe monumental qui montre divers courants d’influences associés à des idées novatrices ; l’autre, en anglais, veut être une somme sur les origines de l’architecture dite « classique », en associant la formation des ordres grecs à l’exposition d’offrandes dans les sanctuaires : des offrandes monumentales, comme les temples, ou plus petites, comme les trépieds.
Verres de l’Antiquité gréco-romaine : trois ans de publication (2011-2013)
Authors: Nenna Marie-Dominique
Published: September 2015

Recension des publications parues dans les années 2011-2013 sur le verre (vaisselle, petits objets et verre architectural) de l’Antiquité ( viii e  s. av. J.-C.- vii e  s. apr. J.-C.) : ouvrages généraux, bibliographies et sites internet, méthodologie et terminologie, colloques, ventes, collections, musées, expositions, études thématiques par technique et par fonction, ethno-archéologie, archéométrie, production et commerce, clientèle et centres de consommation.
Distinctions charnelles
Authors: Vandebroeck Dieter , Wirth Françoise
Published: September 2015

Le discours alarmiste qui entoure l’augmentation marquée du poids corporel moyen que l’on observe dans la majorité des sociétés « post-industrielles » et que concentre la notion d’une « épidémie d’obésité » masque trop aisément le fait que les chances d’être catégorisé comme personne « obèse » sont loin d’être aléatoirement distribuées dans l’espace social. Les études épidémiologiques montrent en effet que l’obésité affecte de façon disproportionnée ceux qui occupent les positions sociales les plus précaires. Dans la mesure où la perspective épidémiologique dominante sur l’obésité tend à faire du poids corporel presque exclusivement un indicateur de pathologie organique, elle tend à ignorer la stigmatisation sociale et en particulier, morale, de la corpulence. En s’appuyant sur des données produites par une enquête sanitaire récente, ainsi que sur les recherches personnelles de l’auteur, cet article explore le rôle des distinctions de classe à la fois dans la production et dans la perception des différences de poids contemporaines. L’analyse statistique révèle que non seulement il existe un large consensus, traversant l’espace social, au sujet de ce qui constitue le physique masculin et féminin « légitime », mais aussi que les chances d’avoir l’apparence la plus valorisante et la plus valorisée s’accroissent systématiquement à mesure que l’on s’élève dans la hiérarchie sociale. Par ailleurs, il montre que la taille et la forme du corps sont un élément intégral de la perception sociale des différences de classe, ce qui confère aux agents dominés l’apparence (corpulente) la plus stigmatisée, tandis que les physiques les plus valorisés se concentrent de façon disproportionnée parmi les membres de groupes dominants. Ces résultats suggèrent que la discrimination pondérale, loin d’être une forme de stigma interpersonnel, est une forme de violence symbolique qui affecte les acteurs dominés dans l’un des aspects les plus intimes et les plus fondamentaux de leur identité sociale, à savoir leur relation à leur propre corps.
Deux poids deux mesures
Authors: Grossetête Matthieu
Published: September 2015

À partir de l’examen statistique d’un corpus des reportages sur l’obésité diffusés dans les éditions des journaux de 20 heures de TF1 et France 2 entre 1998 et 2009 et d’une dizaine d’entretiens réalisés avec les journalistes en charge de cette actualité, cet article part du constat que la contribution des personnes obèses à l’information qui les concerne s’amoindrie considérablement au moment même où la médiatisation de cette question de santé publique bat son plein. L’analyse explique ce paradoxe en abordant successivement la politisation de l’obésité, les transformations intervenues dans la division du travail journalistique puis la multiplication des risques de stigmatisation des populations concernées. Ce faisant, elle montre comment le traitement de l’obésité dans l’information télévisée fait exception à la dynamique d’individualisation de la responsabilité des problèmes sociaux ainsi qu’à la montée en puissance des malades dans la sphère publiques.
Souci du corps et identité professionnelle
Authors: Moreno Pestaña José Luis , Rosset Séverine
Published: September 2015

Dans cet article on analyse le lien entre exigences esthétiques au poste de travail et troubles alimentaires. L’article se concentre sur deux professions, serveuses et vendeuses (mode ou cosmétique). On montre les effets de deux dynamiques sur leurs corps : des exigences élevées d’apparence physique (avec ses jeux de distinction et de compétence avec les autres employées et la clientèle) et des conditions de travail très dégradées (horaires longs et imprévisibles, travail physique fatigant, faibles salaires, emploi précaire). L’article contribue ainsi à une sociologie de l’usage du capital érotique dans le marché de travail.
La concurrence des souffrances. Genèse et usages électifs de la catégorie des orphelins et enfants vulnérables au temps du sida
Authors: Hejoaka Fabienne
Published: September 2015

Les orphelins et enfants vulnérables (OEV) incarnent une figure contemporaine de l’enfance communément mobilisée dans les programmes de développement et de santé mis en œuvre dans les pays des Suds. À partir de travaux ethnographiques menés entre 2005 et 2008 au Burkina Faso sur le traitement politique, moral et médical des enfants dans la réponse apportée à la pandémie du sida en Afrique subsaharienne, cet article propose une série de réflexions socio-anthropologiques sur les enfants dans les programmes d’aide internationale.
Enjeux moraux et discussion autour de la figure d’enfants des rues en Bolivie
Authors: Cavagnoud Robin
Published: September 2015

L’article s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain auprès d’enfants en situation de rue et d’entretiens avec des intervenants sociaux à La Paz et El Alto en Bolivie. Il s’attache à décrire l’image d’enfants des rues produite par plusieurs organisations humanitaires, puis à expliquer la dimension morale qui traverse cette figure de l’enfant-victime de la pauvreté, en opposition avec le modèle dominant de protection de l’enfance institué par la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant. La pertinence de cette catégorie est ensuite interrogée à l’aune du parcours de vie des enfants en rupture familiale, dont l’analyse montre une existence discontinue dans la rue en faveur d’espaces alternatifs. Un dernier point approfondit l’association dans la même expression des concepts d’enfant et de rue, contribuant à assimiler le phénomène à un problème social.
Droits de l’enfant et libéralisation du secteur minier au Ghana
Authors: André Géraldine
Published: September 2015

Ce texte analyse les figures de l’enfance et de la parentalité dans des programmes de développement qui, au nom et à travers les droits de l’enfant, visent à mettre un terme à l’utilisation de la main-d’œuvre infantile dans les mines artisanales en Afrique, plus précisément au Ghana. En saisissant les structures et les relations de pouvoir qui les façonnent, il s’agit de montrer que ces programmes de développement diffusent des représentations de l’enfance, de la parentalité et du travail qui participent à l’intégration des populations pauvres au sein d’un ordre minier libéral et, plus largement, dans une économie de marché libre. Cependant, ces populations imposent aux programmes de développement une résistance directement liée à l’institution de l’aînesse.