bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHILOSOPHY OF DAWAH IN ISLAM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MAULANA WAHEED U DIN AND JAVED AHMED GHAMIDI’S THOUGHTS
Authors: ,Mufti Sana Ullah Muhammad Yasir,Dr. Aurang Zeb Nasar
Published: July 2023

This research paper describes the comparative analysis of two different schools of thought of Maulana Waheed ud din Khan and Javed Ahmed Ghamidi. Both are contemporary renowned scholars. Their period of life and the present is famous for fanaticism, extremism, Jehad (Qitaal), and old Islamic traditional and conventional thoughts in the Muslim world. An all-around decline of rationalism in our Islamic religious thoughts is visible which has so-far unpleasant consequences nationally and globally being an ummah. In such a suffering state of affairs, both scholars appeared as reconstructionists, progressives, and reformists in religious thoughts. Over decades of detailed research on the Quran and Hadith, both Scholars widely wrote on different socio-political and moral issues addressed by Islam in the present life affairs and hereafter. Many books and articles are written giving a counter-narrative against the old rigid conventional narrative of Islamic thoughts and also opening the way for further constructive debate. Both focused on moderation, progress, and justice for the purpose to oust society from the quagmire of social vices. They adopted a rational approach rather than a traditional methodology to have a true understanding of causes and remedies for religious social pathologies. In this line, they imparted the concept of the development of humanism, morality, and interfaith harmony.
PRESENT GLOBAL POLITICAL RE-ALIGNMENT AND POSITIONING PAKISTAN IN IT: THE WAY FORWARD
Authors: Dr. Khurshid Ali Singay, Dr. Abrar Hussain
Published: July 2023

Neo-realism depicts history as a power based order coming from the great powers of one particular era. End of the Cold War has changed the global political landscape massively by replacing China as the leader of the second world order. Small states like Pakistan have to consistently re-align its foreign outlook accordingly. This article argues adopting ‘Neutral Engagement’ as a way forward for Pakistan vis-à-vis its close and historical relation with both China and USA.
PITFALLS IN THE DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Komal Sarwar
Published: July 2023

Arbitration is a well-known and increasingly popular alternative dispute resolution method. It is a safe, cost-effective, and time-efficient alternative dispute resolution method. The arbitration system saves both parties time and money by avoiding lengthy legal proceedings. In the Indian subcontinent, arbitration has been practised for many years under the name "Panchayat." Even in the absence of a legal system, the Panchayat served to settle conflicts. In these panchayats, decisions were made in accordance with ethical standards, cultural norms, and religious principles, and the decisions made by the panchayat were respected and held in high regard. (Kumar, 2017) During the British Raj (1858–1947), the Panchayat system underwent a period of decline. The British legalized local arbitration and replaced it with a codified system of law. (Hussain & Arafat, 2022) They enacted numerous regulations, leading to the enactment of the Arbitration Act of 1940, which governs arbitration in Pakistan. Following Pakistan's independence in 1947, the Panchayat system was reinstated and is still widely used in rural areas, where it is carried out in accordance with cultural norms and usages. There are no provisions in the 1940 Act regarding the Panchayat system, and its amendment has the potential to harmonise the country's arbitration system. (Mukhtar. 2016) Pakistan introduced international arbitration by signing and later implementing the New York Convention in 1958 by enacting the Recognition and Enforcement (Arbitration Agreements and Foreign Arbitral Awards) Act and the Arbitration (International Investment Dispute) Act in 2011. Although Pakistan has signed the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, it has not yet been incorporated into domestic law. A stable and comprehensive system of international arbitration has become a necessity at the current time to attract foreign investors and other stakeholders to the country. However, Pakistan needs to improve in many areas of international arbitration, particularly in the enforcement and recognition of foreign awards and lex arbitri. (Rizwan Hussain, 2012) These challenges are explained in this essay using case laws.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATER CRISIS, CONSEQUENCES ON AGRICULTURE AND HYDROLOGICAL JUSTICE: CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN
Authors: ,Karin Helwing Muhammad Safian Bajwa, Muhammad Imtiaz Khan
Published: July 2023

Hydrologic justice is necessary in the current time of climate change deteriorating effects. This thesis examines the impacts of climate change on Pakistan's hydrological system and agriculture sector and evaluates the government and stakeholder response to such impacts, with a focus on the water crisis and its implications for hydrological justice. The study uses qualitative research methods to analyse the data collected from various sources, including interviews, and observation. The findings of the research indicate that climate change has led to a reduction in water availability, which has had a significant impact on Pakistan's agriculture sector, particularly small-scale farmers. The frequency of extreme weather events such as droughts and floods has also exacerbated the water crisis, leading to inequitable distribution and access to water resources. The study highlights the importance of hydrological justice in addressing the water crisis in Pakistan. The government, policymakers, and stakeholders must prioritize the needs of vulnerable communities and ensure equitable distribution of water resources. Additionally, promoting sustainable agriculture practices and investing in climate-resilient infrastructure can help reduce the impacts of climate change on Pakistan's hydrological system and agriculture sector. Overall, the study emphasizes the urgent need for a comprehensive approach to address the water crisis in Pakistan and pursue hydrological justice. The research findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and academics interested in climate change, hydrology, agriculture, and environmental justice.
The Main Stages of the Research Process - A Review of the Literature
Authors: Alphonse Nshimiyimana
Published: July 2023

The review about the main stages of the research process discusses the significance and relevance of every step and explains the cyclical process of the research from the problem identification up to writing of research report. The research process can be challenging, but it is also a rewarding experience. By following the steps outlined in this review, researchers can conduct high-quality research that will contribute to knowledge in any field.

Keywords: research, stages, process
Relasi Manusia pada Masyarakat Terdampak Banjir
Authors: Widiyastono M. Hestu , Suryanto Suryanto
Published: July 2023

Bojonegoro merupakan daerah aliran sungai Bengawan Solo menjadikan Bojonegoro sebagai daerah rawan banjir, apalagi disaat musim penghujan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan study literatur dengan sumber data buku dan penelitian terdahulu yang relevan memberikan data-data terkait penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahuai pola relasi manusia dengan alam dan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi masyarakat yang terdampak banjir (Bengawan Solo) memilih tetap tinggal disana. Hasil dari study literatur ini ditemukan bahwa banjir menjadi langganan bila musim hujan, meskipun dalam kondisi rawan terdampak bencana banjr masyarakat terdampak lebih memilih tetap tinggal dari pada berpindah tempat tinggal, mereka tetap dapat memanfaatkan dan mengembangkan potensi yang ada didaerah yang mereka tinggali, selain itu dalam menaggulangi bajir masyarakat membentuk kelompok-kelompok atau organisasi kesiapsiagaan banjir, dalam organisasi yang dibentuk tersebut terjadi interaksi individu dengan individu, individu didalam kelompok dan kelompok dengan individu, mereka saling bekerjasama, gotong royong untuk saling tolong menolong.
Reform of Polymer Modification Course in the View of New Engineering
Authors: Yu Shouwu , Xiao Shujuan , Sun Jiankui
Published: July 2023

This project stands in the perspective of new engineering, based on the teaching concept of Outcome Based Education, combined with the actual work of China's engineering education certification, the teaching team studies and implements teaching reform. The project has designed a teaching reform plan from the aspects of teaching content, teaching methods, teaching means, evaluation mechanism, etc., in an all-round and full process way, taking full account of the novelty and practicality of teaching content, the pertinence and effectiveness of teaching methods, the differences of teaching objects, the effectiveness of teaching methods, and the fairness of evaluation mechanism, which is conducive to fully stimulating students' learning enthusiasm and enriching their knowledge structure, Stimulate their innovation awareness, improve their engineering literacy, expression ability, team cooperation ability, and comprehensively improve the students' humanistic and scientific literacy.
Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of Social Perceptions of Women's Dual Roles in the Household and Career: Case Studies in Indonesia-Taiwan
Authors: Soelistiyono Anitiyo , Fei Chuan Chen
Published: July 2023

This study compares social perceptions of women's dual roles as career women in Indonesia and Taiwan. The research sample is domiciled in Indonesia and Taiwan. We use a qualitative descriptive approach, explicitly using in-depth interviews. The findings show that participants from Indonesia and Taiwan have the same perception of women's role in equal opportunities in careers for women. In addition, family and society provide support to women for jobs, and even though women have careers, women can still divide their time between family and work. Furthermore, with a career, women can achieve a high social status in society, and with a job, women can help the family's economy. This study argues that women can have careers and at the same time become homemakers.
A Fogyatékossággal élő személyek jogairól szóló egyezmény vonatkozásai a pszichiátriai betegek ellátásával összefüggésben
Authors: Bányai Gábor
Published: July 2023

Dignity is considered the basis of human existence, and legislation seeks to ensure this for all people. This principle of equality requires that neither the state, nor society should discriminate between fellow human beings. The prohibition of discrimination therefore reassures the principle of equality legal equality and lists disability among the characteristics to be protected. Consequently, special attention must be paid to the protection of the dignity and rights of persons with disabilities in all areas of life.Following the promulgation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the related Optional Protocol the harmonization of Hungarian regulations began based on the new definition of disability. The new definition includes persons living with mental impairment. We will discuss the purpose and effect of the legal instruments created and still being developed as a result of the Convention, as well as the additional necessary measures to create equal opportunities for persons with mental disabilities within health care, focusing specially on psychiatric care.
TO THE ISSUE OF MATERIAL CONDITIONS OF THE TRANSPORT EXPEDITION CONTRACT
Authors: Гимадрисламова О.Р. , Ахтямова Е.В.
Published: July 2023

В статье исследована проблема определения существенных условий договора транспортного экспедирования в связи с тем, что Закон РФ «О транспортно-экспедиторской деятельности» перечисляет только структурные элементы этого договора. Определена классификация условий договора транспортного экспедирования, исследована целесообразность такой классификации.

The article investigated the problem of determining the essential conditions of the transport forwarding contract due to the fact that the Law of the Russian Federation "On Forwarding Activities" lists only the structural elements of this contract. The classification of the terms of the transport forwarding contract was determined, the feasibility of such a classification was investigated.
IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION ON OUR SOCIETY
Authors: S. N. Shah
Published: July 2023

Industrial pollution is considered an important factor to contaminate the environment. It results in environmental degradation and imposes heavy costs on society as well as on human health and safety. Textile, cement, glass, plastic, sugar, tanning, petroleum are major polluting industries. Little or no attention is paid to this grave issue of industrial pollution. There is no systematic approach used by many industrial sectors for proper disposal and drainage of their harmful effluent. The industrial sector should be held accountable for their responsibilities towards proper management of waste effluent, as it contributes to about 50% of the environmental pollution. It creates great social costs in a developing country like Pakistan. Currently there is no effective management and controlled practices for pollution prevention and control, but authorities have started to pay attention in this regard. Pollution control has become the primary concern of the environment today. The objective of this paper is to explore the impact of environmental pollution on the environment and society. To develop an understanding of environmental degradation, the study discusses the various types of effluents that impact the environment adversely. Recommendations for alternative measures that can be helpful for controlling pollution.
Network meta-analysis of multiple doses of vonoprazan for the treatment of erosive esophagitis
Authors: He Jie , Gao Yuanyuan , Bai Ge , Wang Jie , Sun Yongshun
Published: July 2023

Aim:
20 mg of vonoprazan (VPZ20) is recommended in most countries to treat erosive esophagitis (EE). Whether other doses of vonoprazan, such as 5 mg (VPZ5), 10 mg (VPZ10), 20 mg (VPZ20), and 40 mg (VPZ40) are more effective is unknown.
Materials & methods:
Three databases were electronically searched to identify studies published before November 2021. Network meta-analysis was performed using STATA 14.0.
Results:
VPZ20 and VPZ40 were comparable to PPI, VPZ5 and VPZ10 in 4- and 8-week healing rates, and this was also detected in patients with refractory EE. All regimens resulted in similar treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). However, VPZ40 ranked first for healing rate and TEAEs; however, VPZ20 ranked worst for TEAEs.
Conclusion:
Different doses of VPZ are comparable in efficacy and safety, but VPZ40 may be best in both effectiveness and safety.
Towards a Blockchain-based Software Engineering Education
Authors: Fernandes Filipe , Werner Cláudia
Published: July 2023

Blockchain technologies for rewards in education are gaining attraction as a promising approach to motivate student learning and promote academic achievement. By providing tangible rewards for educational attainment and engagement, such as digital tokens, educators can motivate learners to take a more active role in their learning and increase their sense of ownership and responsibility for their academic outcomes. In this context, this work proposes the Software Engineering Skill (SES) token as a way of rewarding students in order to improve their experiences in Software Engineering Education (SEE). We performed a proof of concept and conclude that SES token can be deployed in a platform to support SEE.
THE EFFECT OF COMPLAINT HANDLING, SERVICE FACILITIES AND SERVICE LOCATION ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AT PUBLIC HEALTH CENTERS
Authors: Sri Rejeki  , Aceng Abdul Hamid
Published: July 2023

Purpose of the study — This research is to find out and test the influence of complaint handling, service facilities and service location on customer satisfaction in Public Health Centers.Research method — Study this is study quantitative with Regression. Study this use approach quantitative for see connection causality from a number of influencing factor _ to Satisfaction Customer . Population in study this is Patients at the Kramat Public Health Center, Tegal Regency, Central Java Province, totaling 95 respondents. Data collected with questionnaire and study document, after that's the data in the validity test as well as reliability.Result— Research results show that Handling Complaints, Facilities Service, and Service Location take effect to Satisfaction Customer by simultaneous. From value data _ adjusted R Square of 0.533, this means by together effect of variable X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 is 53.3% against change Y or in other words influence variable free (Handling Complaints, Facilities Service , Service Location) to variable bound ( Satisfaction customers) by 53.3 % while the rest that is 46.7 % caused by other variables that do not enter researched in framework research .With thereby factor handler Complaints, Facilities Service , Service Location must Keep going maintained and if need more upgraded again . So that service to Public in accordance with what is expected by the government and society as user service service health.Conclusion— Based on results observation writer at health center District Kramat Tegal that from aspect handling complaint that is, the lack of clear information from officer health so that impact Public health center in Thing this no knowing what 's missing in To do Health services to society. Of the nine elements survey in questionnaire, that is, what is delivered to community / customer Public health center Kramat, District Tegal, there are element that gets highest SME score that is element cost affordable service. Meanwhile elements that are still many complain Public that is element Handling complaint.
LEADERSHIP, WORK ATTITUDES, AND MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY IN THE KUNINGAN REGENCY EDUCATION AND CULTURE OFFICE
Authors: Tita Rosita  , Ellin Herlina
Published: July 2023

Purpose of the study — This research is to determine and examine the influence of leadership, work attitudes, motivation on employee performance.Research method—This research is a quantitative study with regression. This study uses a quantitative approach to see the causal relationship of several factors that influence employee performance. The population in this study were the Kuningan Regency Education and Culture Office employees, totaling 61 employees. Data was collected by questionnaire and document study, after which the data was tested for validity and reliability.Result— The results of the study show that Leadership, Work Attitude and Motivation affect Employee Performance simultaneously. The coefficient of multiple determination in this study uses the adjusted R square value because the independent variables in this study are more than 2 in estimating the effect of the two independent variables studied. From the data the adjusted R Square value is 0.511, this means that together the influence of the variables X1, X2, and X3 is 51.1% on changes in Y or in other words the influence of the independent variables (Leadership, Work Attitude and Motivation) on the dependent variable ( performance) of 51.1% while the remaining 47.9% is caused by other variables that are not included in the research framework.Conclusion— Even though there is an effect, it is still within moderate limits, meaning that the influence is still normal, and this should need improvement in terms of leadership in motivating employees which must be increased again and of course the problem regarding the work attitude of the employees because it is important which will ultimately improve employee performance Kuningan District Education Office.
Pengaruh Bauran Promosi Terhadap Citra Sekolah Pada Grage Kids Playschool Cirebon
Authors: Aldiella Utami Talahatu
Published: July 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of the promotion mix on the school image of Grage Kids Playschool Cirebon. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The techniques used are interviews, questionnaires, observations, documentation. The sample of this study was determined as many as 30 students or all students from Grage Kids Playschool Cirebon with the reason because the population is below 100 according to Sugiyono's opinion (2014: 116) that is if it is less than 100, then the sample is taken from the whole so called research population. This research uses data analysis methods in the form of validity test, reliability test, normality test, coefficient of determination, simple linear regression analysis test. Based on the calculation of SPSS v20.0 for windows, the results show that the Promotion Mix (X) significantly influences the School Image (Y), where the Promotion Mix of the School Image at 6,538> 2.048 table then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Based on the SPSS v20.0 test results for windows shows that if the value of the Promotional Mix increases by one unit, the value of the School Image will increase by 0.405 at a constant of 46.037. That the Promotional Mix has a significant effect on the school image of Grage Kids Playschool Cirebon. This is known in the analysis of the coefficient of determination which shows that the Promotion Mix significantly influences the School Image of 60.40% and the remaining 39.60% is influenced by other variables.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh bauran promosi terhadap citra sekolah pada Grage Kids Playschool Cirebon. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Teknik yang digunakan adalah wawancara, kuisioner, observasi, dokumentasi. Sampel penelitian ini ditentukan sebanyak 30 siswa dan siswi atau seluruh siswa dan siswi dari Grage Kids Playschool Cirebon dengan alasan karena populasinya dibawah 100 sesuai dengan pendapat Sugiyono (2014:116) yaitu apabila kurang dari 100, maka sampel diambil dari keseluruhan yang ada sehingga disebut penelitian populasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data yang berupa uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, koefisien determinasi, uji analisis regresi linier sederhana. Berdasarkan perhitungan SPSS v20.0 for windows menunjukan hasil bahwa Bauran Promosi (X) berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Citra Sekolah (Y), dimana antara Bauran Promosi terhadap Citra Sekolah thiutng 6,538 > ttabel 2,048 maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian SPSS v20.0 for windows menunjukan jika nilai Bauran Promosi meningkat satu kali satuan, maka nilai Citra Sekolah akan meningkat sebesar 0,405 pada konstan 46,037. Bahwa Bauran Promosi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Citra Sekolah pada Grage Kids Playschool Cirebon. Hal ini diketahui dalam analisis koefisien determinasi yang menunjukan bahwa Bauran Promosi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Citra Sekolah sebesar 60,40% dan sisanya 39,60% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
The Impact of Insurance Restrictions in Newly Diagnosed Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mizell Ryan
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

The medical system in the United States has been riddled with insurance restrictions used by insurance companies to limit health care costs. The effects of insurance restrictions on patients receiving disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) have not been specifically studied.

METHODS:

A retrospective cross-sectional study of 52 individuals recently diagnosed with MS at a tertiary neurology clinic was conducted to measure the association between prior authorization (PA) duration and other variables of interest. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine likelihood of approval. Further analysis included multivariable logistic regression to assess the influence of variables of interest on the initial decision from the insurance company and the effect of the PA on disease activity.

RESULTS:

Of 52 PAs, 50% were initially denied. An initial denial decreased the likelihood of approval by 98% (HR, 0.02; 95% CI, <0.01-0.09; P < .001). The odds of denial for oral medications (odds ratio [OR], 4.91; 95% CI, 1.33-21.52; P = .02) and infusions (OR, 8.35; 95% CI, 1.10-88.77; P = .05) were significantly higher than for injections. Medicaid had higher odds of denial compared with commercial insurance (OR, 4.51; 95% CI, 1.13-22.01; P = .04). An initial denial by insurance significantly increased the likelihood of disease activity (OR, 6.18; 95% CI, 1.33-44.86; P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS:

Insurance restrictions delay necessary treatments, increase the likelihood of disease activity, and rarely change the approved disease-modifying therapy. Reducing PAs may lead to improved outcomes for patients with MS.
Coding theory on the generalized balancing sequence
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Near East University TRNC, Mehraban Elahe , Hashemi Mansour ,   Department of Pure Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Guilan
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we introduce the generalized balancing sequence and its matrix. Then by using the generalized balancing matrix, we give a coding and decoding method.
New hypotheses of cell type diversity and novelty from orthology-driven comparative single cell and nuclei transcriptomics in echinoderms
Authors: Meyer Anne , Ku Carolyn , Hatleberg William L , Telmer Cheryl A , Hinman Veronica
Published: July 2023

Cell types are the building blocks of metazoan biodiversity and offer a powerful perspective for inferring evolutionary phenomena. With the development of single-cell transcriptomic techniques, new definitions of cell types are emerging. This allows a conceptual reassessment of traditional definitions of novel cell types and their evolution. Research in echinoderms, particularly sea star and sea urchin embryos has contributed significantly to understanding the evolution of novel cell types, through the examination of skeletogenic mesenchyme and pigment cells, which are found in sea urchin larvae, but not sea star larvae. This paper outlines the development of a gene expression atlas for the bat sea star, Patiria miniata, using single nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of embryonic stages. The atlas revealed 23 cell clusters covering all expected cell types from the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm germ layers. In particular, four distinct neural clusters, an immune-like cluster, and distinct right and left coelom clusters were revealed as distinct cell states. A comparison with Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryo single-cell transcriptomes was performed using 1:1 orthologs to anchor and then compare gene expression patterns. The equivalent of S. purpuratus piwil3+ Cells were not detected in P. miniata, while the Left Coelom of P. miniata has no equivalent cell cluster in S. purpuratus. These differences may reflect changes in developmental timing between these species. While considered novel morphologically, the Pigment Cells of S. purpuratus map to clusters containing Immune-like Mesenchyme and Neural cells of P. miniata, while the Skeletogenic Mesenchyme of S. purpuratus are revealed as orthologous to the Right Coelom cluster of P. miniata. These results suggest a new interpretation of the evolution of these well-studied cell types and a reflection on the definition of novel cell types.
Human skeletal muscle organoids model fetal myogenesis and sustain uncommitted PAX7 myogenic progenitors
Authors: Mavrommatis Lampros , Jeong Hyun-Woo , Kindler Urs , Gomez-Giro Gemma , Kienitz Marie-Cécile , Stehling Martin , Psathaki Olympia E. , Zeuschner Dagmar , Bixel M. Gabriele , Han Dong , Morosan-Puopolo Gabriela , Gerovska Daniela , Yang Ji Hun , Kim Jeong Beom , Araúzo-Bravo Marcos J. , Schwamborn Jens C. , Hahn Stephan A. , Adams Ralf H. , Schöler Hans R. , Vorgerd Matthias , Brand-Saberi Beate , Zaehres Holm
Published: July 2023

In vitro culture systems that structurally model human myogenesis and promote PAX7
+
myogenic progenitor maturation have not been established. Here we report that human skeletal muscle organoids can be differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cell lines to contain paraxial mesoderm and neuromesodermal progenitors and develop into organized structures reassembling neural plate border and dermomyotome. Culture conditions instigate neural lineage arrest and promote fetal hypaxial myogenesis towards limb axial anatomical identity, with generation of sustainable uncommitted PAX7 myogenic progenitors and fibroadipogenic (PDGFRa+) progenitor populations equivalent to those from the second trimester of human gestation. Single cell comparison to human fetal and adult myogenic progenitors reveals distinct molecular signatures for non-dividing myogenic progenitors in activated (CD44
High
/CD98
+
/MYOD1
+
) and dormant (PAX7
High
/FBN1
High
/SPRY1
High
) states. Our approach provides a robust 3D in vitro developmental system for investigating muscle tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis.
Predicting Students’ Performance Using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Review
Authors: Oppong Stephen Opoku
Published: July 2023

Educational Data Mining is a discipline focused on developing ways for studying the unique and increasingly large-scale data generated by educational settings and applying those methods to better understand students and the environments in which they learn. Predicting student performance is one of the most critical concerns in educational data mining, which is gaining popularity. Student performance prediction attempts to forecast a student's grade before enrolling in a course or completing an exam. The goal of this paper is to present a systematic literature review on predicting student performance using machine learning techniques and how the prediction algorithm can be used to identify the most important attribute(s) in a student's data. The study showed that neural networks is the most used classifier for predicting students’ academic results and also provided the best results in terms of accuracy. Also, 87% of the algorithms used were supervised learning as compared to 13% for unsupervised learning and 59% of the studies employed various feature selection methods to improve the performance of the machine learning models.
Formulation and Evaluation of Poly Herbal Tooth Paste
Authors: Narayanasamy Anuradha S. , Sharmila  , Nivetha  , VithyaSri  , Archana
Published: July 2023

Oral hygiene can be maintained throughout the day by using various dentifrices prepared with herbal and synthetic ingredients. Oral hygiene is maintained to keep the mouth fresh and avoid tooth decay. The largest producer of healthful herbs is India which is known as the botanical garden of the world. The main aim of this work is to formulate and evaluate polyherbal toothpaste and compare it with marketed products of the same category. The toothpaste was prepared by using several herbal ingredients which show antibacterial, antiseptic, and cooling properties. Neem, clove, babool, banyan, amla, and many other natural products are used to formulate ideal herbal toothpaste which satisfies all the required properties to keep the mouth fresh and to prevent tooth decay caused by the bacteria. The method which is used for formulating the herbal toothpaste is the trituration method. The prepared toothpaste was evaluated for its organoleptic and physical characteristics such as color, odor, taste, stability, foamability caused by bacteria, and abrasiveness to ensure that it possesses all the desired features to use against dental disease. Thus, the formulated herbal toothpaste was a good herbal toothpaste than the conventional toothpaste due to its side effect.
Light‐Based 3D Printing of Complex‐Shaped Photonic Colloidal Glasses
Authors: Llorens Jorge Sanchez , Barbera Lorenzo , Demirörs Ahmet F. , Studart Andre R.
Published: July 2023

Colloidal glasses display angle‐independent structural color that is tunable by the size and local arrangement of sub‐micrometer particles. While films, droplets, and microcapsules with isotropic structural color have been demonstrated, the shaping of colloidal glasses in three dimensions remains an open manufacturing challenge. Here, a light‐based printing platform for the shaping of colloidal glasses into 3D objects featuring complex geometries and vivid structural color after thermal treatment is reported. Rheology, photopolymerization, and calcination experiments are performed to design the photoreactive resins leading to printable colloidal glasses. With the help of microscopy, scattering, and optical characterization, it is shown that the photonic properties of the printed objects reflect the locally ordered microstructure of the glass. The capability of the platform in creating 3D objects with isotropic structural color is illustrated by printing lattices and miniaturized sculpture replicas with unique shapes and multimaterial designs.
A Spidroin‐Inspired Hierarchical‐Structure Binder Achieves Highly Integrated Silicon‐Based Electrodes
Authors: Mu Pengzhou , Zhang Shu , Zhang Huanrui , Li Jiedong , Liu Zhi , Dong Shanmu , Cui Guanglei
Published: July 2023

As a promising component for next‐generation high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries, silicon‐based electrodes have attracted increasing attention by virtue of their ultrahigh theoretical specific capacities. Nevertheless, fast capacity fading posed by tremendous silicon‐based electrode volume changes during cycling remains a huge challenge before large‐scale applications. In this work, an aqueous–oil binary solution based blend (AOB) binder characterized by a spidroin‐like hierarchical structure for tolerating the huge volume changes of silicon‐based electrodes is developed. In the AOB binder, the polymer, containing hydrophobic tetrazole groups, denoted as PPB, and the water‐soluble amorphous poly(acrylic acid), mimick the β‐sheet and α‐helix structure of spidroin, respectively. Benefitting from such biomimetic design, the AOB binder enables both high tensile strength and elasticity, and strong electrode adhesion, therefore apparently stabilizing the silicon‐based electrode structure and rendering prolonged electrode cycle life. Such a strategy endows 3.3 Ah soft package cells assembled with Si/C composite anode and NCM811 cathode with a discharge specific capacity of 2.92 Ah after 700 cycles. This work marks a milestone in developing state‐of‐the‐art silicon‐based electrodes toward high‐energy‐density lithium‐battery applications.
Pyridine‐Regulated Lamellar Nickel‐Based Metal–Organic Framework (Ni‐MOF) for Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor
Authors: Zhang Qian , Li Panpan , Wu Jun , Peng Yi , Pang Huan
Published: July 2023

2D metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as promising electrochemical sensing materials and have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Compared with bulk MOFs, the construction of 2D MOFs can increase the exposure of active sites by obtaining a larger surface area ratio. Herein, a facile one‐pot hydrothermal synthesis of pyridine‐regulated lamellar Ni‐MOFs with ultrathin and well‐defined 2D morphology is described. Compared with the bulk structure, the 2D lamellar Ni‐MOF has higher surface area and active site density, showing better electrochemical glucose sensing performance. The 2D lamellar Ni‐MOF exhibits a fast amperometric response of less than 3 s and a high sensitivity of 907.54 µA mm−1 cm−2 toward glucose with a wide linear range of 0.5–2665.5 µm. Furthermore, the 2D lamellar Ni‐MOF also possesses excellent stability and reproducibility, and can be used to detect glucose with high accuracy and reliability in different environments.
The sequential approach in eating disorders: A scoping systematic review
Authors: Tomba Elena , Tecuta Lucia
Published: July 2023

Objective

The sequential model has been defined as an intensive, two‐stage approach that comprises administering two types of treatment consecutively to improve treatment outcomes in cases of non‐optimal or absence of treatment response. A psychiatric population that would potentially benefit from the application of the sequential model is the eating disorders (EDs) population. The current scoping review aimed to explore the emerging literature on the application of sequential treatments in EDs.

Method

Using PRISMA and Population intervention comparison outcomes study guidelines, Pubmed and PsycINFO were systematically searched for studies which applied temporally sequential treatments in patients diagnosed with EDs from inception to April 2022 using a combination of keywords. Studies utilising combined or integrated approaches were excluded.

Results

A total of 12 studies were selected and reviewed. Studies included Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder (BED), or mixed ED samples with a majority of female patients. No studies on AN samples were identified. The majority of studies contained a Cognitive‐Behavioural Therapy module of treatment, were conducted on BED patients, were in outpatient settings, and included a group format in one or more treatment conditions. Studies varied in number of comparison groups and study design. Secondary and sequentially applied treatment modules were consistent with treatment recommendations of clinical guidelines.

Conclusions

The available data on sequential treatments in EDs is scarce and exhibits methodological limitations that should be addressed in future studies. Definition of sequential treatments in EDs should be further developed to guide robust clinical research and improve empirical support of sequential treatment for complex ED cases and for non‐optimal ED treatment response.
Novel technologies for improving quality of tofu products and their packaging: A critical overview
Authors: Du Jie , Zhang Min , Qiu Liqing , Mujumdar Arun S. , Ma Yamei
Published: July 2023

There are many kinds of tofu products, and they are mainly found in Asia. This paper mainly summarizes and classifies the tofu products of different countries through the analysis of the characteristics of different products and the differences between them. The storage conditions for most bean products are typically harsh, resulting in the shelf life of some fresh beans limited to 3–5 days. The new packaging technology avoids the shortcomings of traditional packaging, which makes it more effective to store. In this paper, biodegradable packaging materials, nanomaterials, active packaging, and intelligent packaging were reviewed. The significance of this review is to introduce various types of tofu products to gain a more comprehensive understanding of their advantages and disadvantages and to apply different packaging techniques to improve the preservation environment of tofu products. The purpose is to find suitable packaging technology, materials, and development route of tofu products.
Educating professional counselors about the social determinants of mental health
Authors: Sheperis Carl J. , Cuff Patricia , Sheperis Donna
Published: July 2023

The social determinants of health (access to quality health care; economic stability; high‐impact educational opportunities; community safety and support; and connected social networks) play a central role in individual health and wellness. These determinants and others also impact individual mental health and wellness. A shift is required in the preparation of counselors toward training students and current practitioners to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health issues through a social determinants’ lens. While the Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs and counseling ethics require that counseling training focus on diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging, there is no mention of the social determinants in any guidelines. We present a rationale for including the social determinants as a core component of counselor preparation and provide examples to facilitate the incorporation of the social determinants into counselor education curriculum and continuing education efforts.
Facile one‐pot synthesis of PEG‐derived carbon dots with enhanced luminescence via L‐cysteine‐assisted S,N‐doping
Authors: De Juan‐Corpuz Lyn Marie , Corpuz Ryan D.
Published: July 2023

Carbon nanodots (C‐dots) are promising photoluminescent nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Among them, PEG‐derived C‐dots demonstrate exceptional photoluminescence and passivation properties, making them particularly attractive for use in the biomedical field. In this article, we present the synthesis of photoluminescent S,N‐doped PEG‐derived carbon dots that are stable at ambient temperature and can be produced using an easy hydrothermal technique. To synthesize the carbon dots, the non‐hazardous polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as the sole precursor rather than any other potentially hazardous compounds. The absence of L‐cysteine in the reaction mixture resulted in carbon dots with no significant absorbance in the visible region but exhibited photoluminescence properties with a maximum excitation and emission at 343 and 452 nm, respectively. However, the addition of L‐cysteine resulted in a visible absorbance and a red shift in both the maximum excitation and emission, at around 435 and 503 nm, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis provided evidence for the presence of ‐SH, ‐SO2, ‐NH2, and CON‐H bond stretching after the addition of L‐cysteine, suggesting possible S,N‐doping of the carbon dots, which likely caused the observed changes in photoluminescence properties. These findings contribute to the understanding of S,N‐doping in carbon dots and highlight their potential applications in optoelectronics, sensing, and biomedical imaging.
State and adaptive disturbance observer co‐design for incrementally quadratic nonlinear descriptor systems with nonlinear outputs
Authors: Liu Leipo , Wen Qiaofeng , Li Yanan , Fu Dexin , Fu Zhumu
Published: July 2023

The problem of designing state and adaptive disturbance observers for a class of nonlinear descriptor systems with the disturbance generated by an unknown exogenous system is addressed in this paper. Especially, the nonlinear terms satisfy incremental quadratic constraints parameterized by a bunch of multiplier matrices, which can represent various classes of nonlinearities. For three different cases in the output equation, the state and adaptive disturbance observers are proposed. Some sufficient conditions formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities and algebraic constraints are derived to guarantee that state and disturbance error systems, simultaneously, are asymptotically stable with performance level. The availability of proposed observers is validated by two practical examples.
Root‐zone enrichment of soil‐test biological activity and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen under conventional and conservation land management
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J.
Published: July 2023

Biologically active and intermediately labile fractions of soil organic matter are important features of conservation agricultural management systems. Depth distribution of soil‐test biological activity (STBA) and particulate organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were characterized under cropland, grassland, and woodland across 25 research stations in North Carolina. Most (87%) of the 310 fields sampled were on Ultisols (udults or aquults). Variation in STBA in the surface 30‐cm of soil was controlled primarily by land use and to a lesser extent by soil texture and physiographic region. Baseline concentrations of STBA and particulate organic C and N at 30‐cm depth were relatively narrowly constrained compared with contents in the 0‐ to 10‐cm depth. Root‐zone enrichment (i.e., total minus baseline contents) of STBA (mean ± standard error; kg CO2–C ha−1 3 d−1) followed the order: conventional‐till cropland (194 ± 17) < no‐till cropland (274 ± 26) < woodland (421 ± 17) < grassland (537 ± 15) across locations. Proportion of root‐zone enrichment of soil organic C as particulate organic C was 43 ± 2%. Root‐zone enrichment of particulate organic C (Mg C ha−1) followed the order: conventional‐till cropland (3.8 ± 0.6) < no‐till cropland (8.7 ± 0.8) < grassland (14.1 ± 0.5) < woodland (16.3 ± 0.6) across locations. The C:N ratio of root‐zone‐enriched particulate organic matter was greater under woodland than under other land uses likely because of N input limitations. Conservation land uses increased root‐zone enrichment of these active and intermediately labile fractions independent of soil types and regions in the state.
Subcritical Water Hydrolysis of Cotton Fibers to Nanocellulose for Producing Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Cellulose Biocomposite
Authors: Rafeny Nur Husnina Bazilah , Bahruji Hasliza , Abdullah Rosnah , Mahadi Abdul Hanif , Prasetyoko Didik
Published: July 2023

Cellulose nanofibers (CNs) are isolated from cotton wool using subcritical water in a semiflow hydrothermal reactor to achieve green hydrolysis. The yield and crystallinity index (CI) of nanocellulose is optimized via varying temperatures and hydrolysis time while maintaining the pressure at 10 MPa. Under the subcritical condition, water dissociates into H3O+ and OH−, allowing protonation of the β‐glycosidic bond to hydrolyze cellulose strands into short chain fibers. Hydrolysis rates enhance with increasing temperatures, further disintegrating cellulose into smaller nanofibrils. At 180 °C, amorphous cellulose dissolution occurs, increasing the crystallinity without disintegrating the crystalline fibrous network. The concentration of H3O+ increases at 230 °C, further hydrolyzes cotton wool into uniform nanofibril cellulose with 14.3 ± 1.2 nm diameter. The tensile strength and elongation at break enhance using cellulose nanofibers obtained at 220 and 230 °C due to the small nanocellulose sizes that allow efficient dispersion in the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix.
Reduction of Alternating‐Current Resistance and Heat Generation of Spiral Inductors with Magnetic Sealing Technique
Authors: Shimura Kazuhiro , Kanaya Takanori , Kobayashi Shigeki , Sato Mitsuhide , Sonehara Makoto , Sato Toshiro , Mizuno Tsutomu
Published: July 2023

As direct current–direct current (DC–DC) converters increase their power density, their inductors require a planar structure with good heat dissipation. Planar inductors use rectangular wires or substrate patterns for their windings. Winding structures can be stacked, in which the structures are on top of each other; spiral, in which the windings are configured in the same plane; or composite structures of both. Here, the authors clarify the alternating‐current (AC) resistance of inductors with different winding structures and propose a magnetic sealing technique (MST) that reduces the AC resistance of low‐profile spiral inductors. Magnetic field simulation revealed the effect of MST on the AC resistance and inductance. Furthermore, spiral inductors with MST were fabricated, and the AC resistance reduction effect of MST was confirmed with impedance analyzer. The heat‐generation reduction effect in an MST inductor was demonstrated in a 1‐MHz 100 V/320 V 800‐W boost DC–DC converter prototype with GaN devices. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Music from Aleppo during the Syrian War
Authors: Wenz Clara
Published: July 2023

Aleppo is regarded as one of the historical centres of an urban Arab art music tradition known as 'tarab'. During the war that followed Syria's 2011 political uprisings, vast parts of the city were destroyed. This Element explores how 'tarab' lives on in new contexts. It does so through a focus on the work of Hello Psychaleppo, one of Aleppo's displaced musicians and the pioneer of 'electro-tarab', an eclectic style of urban electronic dance music that is conceived as a homage to Aleppo's musical legacy. Whether local religious chants, Palestinian poetry, or the image of a yellow man, electro-tarab includes an inventory of audio, visual and literary samples. These samples help conceptualise the role music has played during the Syrian war; they offer insights into Aleppo's musical and diasporic afterlife; and they illuminate some of the socio-aesthetic parameters that characterise contemporary Arab electronic music.