bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Law and (rec)order: Updating memory for criminal events with body-worn cameras
Authors: Adams Delene , Paterson Helen M. , MacDougall Hamish G.
Published: December 2020

Body-worn video is increasingly relied upon in the criminal justice system, however it is unclear how viewing chest-mounted video may affect a police officer’s statement about an event. In the present study, we asked whether reviewing footage from an experienced event could shape an individual’s statement, and if so, whether reporting before reviewing may preserve an officer’s original experience. Student participants (n= 97) were equipped with chest-mounted cameras as they viewed a simulated theft in virtual reality. One week later, half of the participants recalled the event in an initial statement while the other half did not. Participants then viewed either their body-worn video or a control video. Finally, participants provided their statement (no initial statement condition) or were given the opportunity to amend their original account (initial statement condition). Results revealed that viewing body-worn video enhanced the completeness and accuracy of individuals’ free recall statements. However, whilst reviewing footage enabled individuals to exclude errors they had written in their initial statements, they also excluded true details that were uncorroborated by the camera footage (i.e., details which individuals experienced, but that their camera did not record). Such camera conformity is discussed in light of the debate on when an officer should access their body-worn video during an investigation and the influence of post-event information on memory.
Effects of low-to-moderate ethanol consumption on colonic growth and gene expression in young adult and middle-aged male rats
Authors: Wells Nicole , Quigley Jacqueline , Pascua Jeremy , Pinkowski Natalie , Almaiman Lama , Brasser Susan M. , Hong Mee Young
Published: December 2020

Excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor associated with colorectal cancer; however, some epidemiological studies have reported that moderate alcohol consumption may not contribute additional risk or may provide a protective effect reducing colorectal cancer risk. Prior research highlights the importance of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis as parameters to consider when evaluating colonic cell growth and tumorigenesis. The present study investigated whether chronic low-to-moderate ethanol consumption altered these parameters of colonic cell growth and expression of related genes. Twenty-four nondeprived young adult (109 days old) and 24 nondeprived middle-aged (420 days old) Wistar rats were randomly assigned to an ethanol-exposed or a water control group (n = 12/group). The ethanol group was provided voluntary access to a 20% v/v ethanol solution on alternate days for 13 weeks. Colon tissues were collected for quantitative immunohistochemical analyses of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis using Ki-67, goblet cell and TUNEL, respectively. Gene expression of cyclin D1 (Ccnd1), Cdk2, Cdk4, p21waf1/cip1 (Cdkn1a), E-cadherin (Cdh1) and p53 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in colonic scraped mucosa. Ethanol treatment resulted in a lower cell proliferation index and proliferative zone, and lower Cdk2 expression in both age groups, as well as trends toward lower Ccnd1 and higher Cdkn1a expression. Cell differentiation was modestly but significantly reduced by ethanol treatment only in older animals. Overall, older rats showed decreases in apoptosis and gene expression of Cdk4, Cdh1, and p53 compared to younger rats, but there was no observed effect of ethanol exposure on these measures. These findings suggest that low-to-moderate ethanol consumption improves at least one notable parameter in colonic tumorigenesis (cell proliferation) and associated gene expression regardless of age, however, selectively decreased cell differentiation among older subjects.
Dynamic evolution analysis of the factors driving the growth of energy-related CO2 emissions in China: An input-output analysis
Authors: Ma Yan , Song Zhe , Li Shuangqi , Jiang Tangyang
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the global greenhouse effect caused by excessive energy-related carbon emissions has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, we studied the dynamic evolution of factors driving China's energy-related CO2 emissions growth from 2007 to 2015 by using energy consumption method and input-output analysis and used the IO-SDA model to decompose the energy carbon emissions. Within the research interval, the results showed that (1) on the energy supply-side, the high carbon energy represented by raw coal was still the main factor to promote the growth of energy-related CO2 emissions. However, the optimization of energy consumption structure is conducive to reducing emissions. Specifically, the high carbon energy represented by raw coal exhibited a downward trend in promoting the increment of energy-related CO2 emissions, while the clean energy represented by natural gas showed an upward trend in promoting the increment of CO2 emissions. It is worth noting that there is still a lot of room for optimization of China’s energy consumption structure to reduce emissions. (2) On the energy demand-side, the final demand effect is the main driving force of the growth of carbon emissions from fossil energy. Among them, the secondary industry plays a major role in the final demand effect. The "high carbonization" of the final product reflects the characteristics of China's high energy input in the process of industrialization. At the same time, since the carbon emission efficiency of the tertiary industry and the primary industry is better than that of the secondary industry, actively optimizing the industrial structure is conducive to slowing down the growth of carbon emission brought by the demand effect. (3) The input structure effect is the main restraining factor for the growth of energy carbon emissions, while the energy intensity effect has a slight driving effect on the growth of energy carbon emissions. The results show that China's "extensive" economic growth model has been effectively reversed, but the optimization of fossil energy utilization efficiency is still not obvious, and there is still a large space to curb carbon emissions by improving fossil energy utilization efficiency in the future.
Piece-wise linear models of biological systems—Application, analysis, and comparison with nonlinear models using the example of the p53 regulatory module
Authors: Ochab Magdalena , Puszynski Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we propose to use a linear system with switching methodology for description and analysis of complex biological systems. We show advantages of the proposed approach over the one usually used, which is based on ODE. We propose the detailed methodology of a full analysis of developed models, including analytical determination of the location and type of equilibrium points, finding an analytical solution, stability and bifurcation analysis. We illustrate the above with the example of the well-known p53 signalling pathway comparing the results with the results of a nonlinear, ODE-based version of the proposed model. The complex methodology proposed by us, especially due to the definition of model structure, which is easy to understand for biologists and medics, may be a bridge for closer cooperation between them and engineers in the future.
The relationship between digital media use during pregnancy, maternal psychological wellbeing, and maternal-fetal attachment
Authors: Smith Melissa , Mitchell Annaleise S. , Townsend Michelle L. , Herbert Jane S.
Published: December 2020

The widespread accessibility and use of the internet provides numerous opportunities for women to independently seek out pregnancy-related information and social and emotional support during the antenatal period. Given the heightened psychological vulnerability of the pregnancy period there is a critical need to examine digital media use within the context of the feelings that women have about themselves and towards their fetus. The current study examined the relationship between digital media use during pregnancy, psychological wellbeing and their maternal-fetal attachment using an online survey. Forty-eight pregnant women completed a self-report questionnaire on their reasons for using digital media, and standardised measures of self-criticism, negative affect, social quality of life (QOL), and maternal-fetal attachment. The mean age of participants was 29.4 years (SD = 5.26), with a mean of 24.3 weeks gestation (SD = 9.95). Information seeking, emotional support and social support were highly endorsed reasons for digital media use (85.42%, 66.67%, 62.5% respectively). However, digital media use was positively correlated with negative affect (p = .003) and self-criticism (p < .001). Digital media use was also negatively correlated with QOL (p = .007). There was no evidence of a relationship between digital media use and maternal-fetal attachment (p = .330). Digital environments may be an important social context within which a pregnant woman develops her own maternal identity and knowledge. There are a number of benefits and limitations of this medium for providing information and support for women during pregnancy. Enhancing the opportunities to promote pregnant women’s wellbeing in this context is an important avenue for further research and practice.
One of us or one of them? The effects of the model’s and observer’s characteristics on placebo analgesia induced by observational learning
Authors: Bajcar Elżbieta A. , Wiercioch-Kuzianik Karolina , Farley Dominika , Adamczyk Wacław M. , Buglewicz Ewa , Bąbel Przemysław
Published: December 2020

Previous studies have proved that observational learning can induce placebo analgesia, but the factors that influence observationally induced placebo analgesia have not yet been extensively examined. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effect of information about the role that the observed person (model) plays in the experiment on the magnitude of the observationally induced placebo effect. This study also examined the contribution of the observer’s empathy, conformity and fear of pain to the placebo analgesia induced by observational learning. The effects induced in two experimental groups and one control group were compared. Participants in the experimental groups observed a model introduced as either another participant taking part in the study or a coworker of the experimenter. The model rated the intensity of pain induced by electrocutaneous stimuli preceded by color stimuli. One-half of all participants watched a model rating pain stimuli preceded by the color orange as higher than stimuli preceded by the color blue; for the other half, the ratings were the opposite. There was no observation in the control group. Subsequently, all participants received pain stimuli of the same intensity preceded by orange and blue stimuli and rated the intensity of the experienced pain. Placebo analgesia was found in both experimental groups. However, the way the observed model was introduced to participants did not affect the magnitude of placebo analgesia. Thus, the study showed that the role played by the model is not crucial for observationally induced placebo analgesia. The examined observer’s individual characteristics did not predict the magnitude of placebo effect.
The accuracy of healthcare worker versus self collected (2-in-1) Oropharyngeal and Bilateral Mid-Turbinate (OPMT) swabs and saliva samples for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tan Seow Yen , Tey Hong Liang , Lim Ernest Tian Hong , Toh Song Tar , Chan Yiong Huak , Tan Pei Ting , Lee Sing Ai , Tan Cheryl Xiaotong , Koh Gerald Choon Huat , Tan Thean Yen , Siau Chuin
Published: December 2020

Background

Self-sampling for SARS-CoV-2 would significantly raise testing capacity and reduce healthcare worker (HCW) exposure to infectious droplets personal, and protective equipment (PPE) use.

Methods

We conducted a diagnostic accuracy study where subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (n = 401) and healthy volunteers (n = 100) were asked to self-swab from their oropharynx and mid-turbinate (OPMT), and self-collect saliva. The results of these samples were compared to an OPMT performed by a HCW in the same patient at the same session.

Results

In subjects confirmed to have COVID-19, the sensitivities of the HCW-swab, self-swab, saliva, and combined self-swab plus saliva samples were 82.8%, 75.1%, 74.3% and 86.5% respectively. All samples obtained from healthy volunteers were tested negative. Compared to HCW-swab, the sensitivities of a self-swab sample and saliva sample were inferior by 8.7% (95%CI: 2.4% to 15.0%, p = 0.006) and 9.5% (95%CI: 3.1% to 15.8%, p = 0.003) respectively. The combined detection rate of self-swab and saliva had a sensitivity of 2.7% (95%CI: -2.6% to 8.0%, p = 0.321). The sensitivity of both the self-collection methods are higher when the Ct value of the HCW swab is less than 30. The specificity of both the self-swab and saliva testing was 100% (95% CI 96.4% to 100%).

Conclusion

Our study provides evidence that sensitivities of self-collected OPMT swab and saliva samples were inferior to a HCW swab, but they could still be useful testing tools in the appropriate clinical settings.
‘A singular gesture’: Zachary Thomas Dodson on the potential of design in fiction
Authors: Mantzaris Thomas
Published: December 2020

Zachary Thomas Dodson is an American book designer who is particularly interested in exploring the visual possibilities of narrative. He is the co-founder of the Chicago-based press Featherproof Books (2005) and the author of Bats of the Republic: An Illuminated Novel (2015) in addition to an earlier novel, Boring Boring Boring Boring Boring Boring Boring (2008), under the pseudonym Zach Plague. In this interview, Dodson discusses the role of design in literary production and highlights the potential of typography, page layout and non-verbal elements such as maps to constitute integral parts of a literary narrative. Relating his work to earlier as well as to contemporary instances of visual experimentation with narrative, Dodson comments on his inspirations and influences while manifesting promising paths for literary production and the publishing industry. In the second part of the interview, Dodson discusses the intricacies and challenges of working on Bats of the Republic as both author and designer, and reveals his intentions with regard to his next book project.
Seahenge: A Journey, Kevin Crossley-Holland and Andrew Rafferty (2019)
Authors: Davies Grahame
Published: December 2020

Review of: Seahenge: A Journey, Kevin Crossley-Holland and Andrew Rafferty (2019)

Hemel Hempstead: Kailpot Press, 64 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-95568-604-7, h/bk, £14.99
The Book of Baruch by the Gnostic Justin, Geoffrey Hill (2019)
Authors: Wheale Nigel
Published: December 2020

Review of: The Book of Baruch by the Gnostic Justin, Geoffrey Hill (2019)

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 148 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-19882-952-2, h/bk, £20.00
Európa gazdasága a vírus után: legyengül vagy immunitást szerez? = The European economy after the virus – in frail or immunized condition?
Authors: Bod Péter Ákos
Published: December 2020

A koronavírus-járvány a világátlagnál súlyosabb gazdasági visszaesést idézett elő Euró-pában a nagyfokú nyitottsággal járó kitettség és a gazdasági szerkezet következtében. A nem-gazdasági eredetű sokk a korábbi pénzügyi válsághoz hasonlóan ismét aszimmet-rikus hatással járt az EU tagállamaiban, és a válság utáni helyreállítási képességek sem egyformák. A két válság nyomán jelentős gazdaságszerkezeti átalakulások indultak el, nemzeti és EU-szinten stratégiai döntések születtek, noha ellentmondásos és improvizáló módon. Ezek nyomán az EU jobb válságviselő képességre tehet szert fontos feltételek telje-sülése esetén. Az esszé az európai projekt lehetséges fejlődési útjainak kritikus gazdasági és gazdaságpolitikai tényezőit tekinti át.
The Nature of Heat and the Absolute Zero Temperature
Authors: Xu Xingwu
Published: December 2020

This paper starts with the most basic concept of heat as well as temperature, historically investigates the understanding of the nature of heat, the conclusion is that the nature of heat is just a form of energy. This energy includes the zero-point energy providing by the motion of all subatomic particles. The new definition of temperature should be that it is the degree of matter’s motion. These matters include subatomic particles. Therefore, at the absolute zero, the “temperature” should still exist. On accounting of no subatomic particles’ motion in the singularity of the black hole, I proved that there exists a new absolute zero temperature there, which is lower than the existing one. The theory proposed in this paper can be supported by following means: measuring the temperature inside the black hole, letting electrons stop moving, and designing a Casimir vacuum pump.
Chemical Quality of Culled Duck Meatball (Anasplathyryncos) Substituted with Edamame Flour (Glycine max (L) Merril) Filler
Authors: Prayitno Agus Hadi , Rahman T H
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to determine the effect of edamame flour filler substitution on the chemical quality of culled duck meatballs. The research material consisted of culled duck meat, tapioca flour, edamame flour, albumen, garlic, onion, salt, pepper, monosodium glutamate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and ice. The edamame flour filler substitution treatments were P0 (0%), P1 (5%), P2 (10%), P3 (15%), and P4 (20%) from total filler. Each treatment consisted of five replications. The parameters which tested were moisture, protein, fat, fiber, and ash contents. Data on chemical quality results were analyzed by analysis of variance using completely randomized design and if there was significantly different (P<0.01), then it’ll be further tested by the Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. Results showed that the substitution of edamame flour filler starting from the level of 5% was significantly affected water content, protein, fat, fiber, and ash of culled duck meatballs. Edamame flour can be used as a filler substitution up to 20% level by giving a good effect on increasing the meatball protein content, but also having a negative impact with increasing the fat content of culled duck meatballs.
“musickings”, por Small, e questões para a Educação Musical
Authors: Ferlim Uliana
Published: December 2020

Este ensaio busca trazer o conceito de “musicking”, de Christopher Small (1998), um músico e estudioso informado pela antropologia interpretativa de Geertz (1973) e a teoria da mente de Bateson (1972). O “musicking” pode ser entendido, nas suas dimensões de função e natureza, como constituidor do ser humano, contemplando seus fundamentos biológico, social e cultural. A partir desta exposição, trazemos algumas implicações deste conceito para a Educação Musical, considerando a contribuição dos autores finlandeses (ODENDAAL et al., 2014) que o identificam e o expressam como fenômeno sônico-social e provocam a área com algumas questões: podemos prescindir de “musicking” para realizar educação? Como podemos organizar nossos ambientes educativos musicais?
Contrato internacional na crise
Authors: E. Z. Glitz Frederico
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo abordou como o Direito contratual internacional busca prever e regular possíveis crises contratuais futuras que impeçam ou onerem excessivamente a execução do contrato. Partindo de duas cláusulas específicas, a de força maior e a de hardship, e analisando seus requisitos e efeitos a partir de dois padrões internacionalmente consagrados (UNIDROIT 2016 e CCI 2020) buscou-se, ao final, extrair conclusões acerca da possível e eventual invocação de tais cláusulas em razão dos efeitos da pandemia do COVID-19.
El derecho sucesorio a cinco años de vigencia del nuevo Código
Authors: Ferrer Francisco A. M.
Published: December 2020

A cinco años de la vigencia del nuevo Código Civil y Comercial, y en relación al derecho hereditario, se hace un balance de sus aciertos, de sus innovaciones y del perfeccionamiento en algunos aspectos de la anterior normativa del Código derogado, como también se señalan deficiencias que deben ser corregidas por el legislador. Se concluye que el balance es positivo y que representa esta nueva regulación una nueva etapa de la evolución jurídica, y un progreso en la regula-ción del derecho hereditario argentino.
La empresa en el Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación
Authors: Walker Maria Cristina
Published: December 2020

El trabajo propone delimitar el marco jurídico y el alcance del concepto de empresa debido a que el Código Unificado la introduce sin definir, a través de la obligación de llevar contabilidad. Se abordará el estudio de las diferencias existentes entre sujetos que realizan «actividad económica organizada»; «titulares de empresa» y «titulares de establecimiento comercial». Se examinará el aporte de diversas posiciones doctrinarias y la normativa de derecho comparado más relevante en relación con el tema.El trabajo propone delimitar el marco jurídico y el alcance del concepto de empresa debido a que el Código Unificado la introduce sin definir, a través de la obligación de llevar contabilidad. Se abordará el estudio de las diferencias existentes entre sujetos que realizan «actividad económica organizada»; «titulares de empresa» y «titulares de establecimiento comercial». Se examinará el aporte de diversas posiciones doctrinarias y la normativa de derecho comparado más relevante en relación con el tema.
La quiebra y la extinción de los contratos: algunas reflexiones sobre la incidencia del Código Civil y Comercial
Authors: Moia Angel Luis
Published: December 2020

A pesar de que el Código Civil y Comercial se gestó bajo la premisa de no modificar estatutos especiales de derecho privado, un rápido recorrido por sus nor-mas da cuenta de una gran cantidad de disposiciones que inciden, entre otras, en la ley concursal. En particular nos avocamos al análisis de las modificacionessobre quiebra como causal extintiva de los contratos. Se pasa revista a las previsiones específicas y sus asimetrías con respecto a la legislación específica. A su vez se individualizan algunas otras manifestaciones de replanteo en las reglas de tratamiento de la insolvencia contenidas en la normativa común.
Modifier les pratiques d’enseignement de l’orthographe au primaire. Effets contrastés d’une formation continue et d’une recherche collaborative sur l’appropriation de dispositifs didactiques
Authors: Wyns Marielle
Published: December 2020

Dans cet article, nous comparons les effets spécifiques de la formation continue et de la recherche collaborative sur l’appropriation, par des enseignants du primaire, de nouvelles pratiques d’enseignement de l’orthographe, fondées sur des principes validés par la recherche. Les verbatims collectés auprès des deux groupes d’enseignants permettent de constater les effets différenciés de ces deux modalités d’encadrement sur le développement professionnel. Notamment, les enseignants ayant participé à la recherche collaborative semblent avoir transféré de manière durable des dispositifs plus éloignés de leurs pratiques habituelles que ceux du groupe « formation continue ». La collaboration avec le chercheur-accompagnateur semble favoriser la compréhension fine des principes didactiques qui sous-tendent les activités ; les interactions entre enseignants autour d’objets didactiques concrets soutiennent l’engagement de tous les acteurs.
Healthcare Utilization and Perceived Health Status among Falun Gong Practitioners in Taiwan
Authors:   National Dong Hwa University, Hu Yu-Whuei , Huang Li-Shan , Yeh Eric , He Mai
Published: December 2020

Objective: Falun Gong (FLG) is a practice of mind and body focusing on moral character improvement that includes meditative exercises. In this study, we explored perceived health status, healthcare resource utilization, and related factors among Taiwanese FLG practitioners, compared to themselves before practicing FLG, and also to the general Taiwanese norm, as reported by the 2001 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on a voluntary, paper-based survey conducted from October 2002 to February 2003 using the same Taiwanese SF-36 instrument employed by the NHIS. Primary outcomes included 8 SF-36 domain scores and the number of outpatient visits. One-sample t-tests, oneway ANOVA, and multivariate linear regression analyses were used. Results: The response rate was 75.6% (1210/1600). Compared to the norm, the study cohort had significantly higher scores in 6 of 8 SF-36 domains across sex and age (p < .05). Among those with chronic diseases, 70% to 89% reported that their conditions were improved or cured. Additionally, 74.2% and 79.2% participants stopped drinking alcohol and quit smoking; 62.7% reported decreased outpatient visits (mean before = 11.96; mean after = 5.87; norm = 14.4). Conclusions: In this cohort, FLG participants had higher perceived health scores than the population norm and reduced outpatient visits than before practice.
Healthcare Utilization, Unmet Service Needs, and HIV Treatment Outcomes among Racial/Ethnic Groups
Authors:   University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Zhang Xiangjun , Oman Roy , Larson Trudy , Christiansen Elizabeth , Granner Michelle , Lu Minggen , Yang Yueran
Published: December 2020

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate possible racial/ethnic differences regarding service utilization, linkage to care, and medication adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Methods: PLWHA (N = 142) 18 years or older were recruited from a needs assessment project conducted in Nevada in 2016. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. The study variables included participants’ race/ethnicity (Caucasian, African-American, and Hispanic), service utilization, unmet service needs, linkage to care, and medication adherence. Significant between-group (race/ethnicity) differences regarding service utilization, linkage to care, and medication adherence were assessed. Results: There were no statistically significant between-group differences regarding utilized services, unmet service needs, linkage to care, and medication adherence (p > .05). However, there were statistically significant between-group differences for 4 individual utilized services. For example, African-American participants were 72% less likely to have utilized medical care services than Caucasians (AOR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.10-0.74) and Hispanics were 84% less likely to have utilized mental health services than Caucasians (AOR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.04-0.60). Conclusions: Health disparities among racial/ethnic groups exist, specifically regarding certain individual medical and support services. Federal and regional programs must allocate funding to address specific service needs and improve healthcare services for certain racial/ethnic groups.
Sex Differences in Body Mass Index, Mediterranean Diet Adherence, and Physical Activity Level among Italian Adolescents
Authors:   Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Mastorci Francesca , Doveri Cristina , Trivellini Gabriele , Casu Anselmo , Bastiani Luca , Pingitore Alessandro , Vassalle Cristina
Published: December 2020

Objective: Unhealthy lifestyle habits during adolescence are linked to a higher risk of chronic degenerative disease during adulthood. The aim of this study was to assess the lifestyle habits among Italian adolescents, considering the potential influence of sex. Methods: Data were collected from 1707 eligible students. Demographic, dietary, and lifestyle data were collected, by using KIDMED and PAQ-C instruments. Results: The overall population had a medium adherence to a Mediterranean diet (58%, KIDMED score: 2.11 ± 0.64). There was no statistically significant difference in adherence by sex. We found boys to be more physically active than girls (p < .001). Considering ponderal index status, boys had turned out to be more overweight and obese respectively (13% and 4% respect to 10% and 2% in female population, p < .05, respectively), due to the presence of only one risk factor (medium or low both in diet and in physical activity score). Conclusions: Our results showed that our population stands at average levels both for its adherence to the Mediterranean diet and for physical activity, with males having a higher percentage of overweight and obesity. Importantly, in contrast to girls, boys have a higher risk of obesity, also in the presence of a single risk factor.
CO2-Bepreisung zwischen wirkungsvollem Instrument und Überforderung? Eine Pilotstudie zu Bedingungen der Akzeptabilität
Authors: Matthies Ellen , Becker Annalena , Bobeth Sebastian
Published: December 2020

Seit Mitte 2019 ist die Diskussion um eine CO2-Bepreisung in Deutschland in vollem Gange. Betrachtet man die Debatte in den großen Zeitungen, wurde hier häufig eine grundsätzlich hohe Wirksamkeit der Sozialverträglichkeit gegenübergestellt. Die Autor(inn)en
erweitern diesen Diskurs, indem sie eine psychologische Perspektive einbringen: Wie sehen sich Konsument(inn)en von CO2-Bepreisung betroffen? Können sie sich einer steigenden Belastung durch Konsumänderungen entziehen, und was bedeutet das für die Akzeptabilität
dieses Steuerungsinstruments?The paper focuses on the topic of current acceptance and future acceptability of CO2 pricing schemes in Germany. Based on psychological theories and empirical findings, it is assumed that different aspects of justice, efficacy beliefs, and perceived
actions to reduce CO2 emissions are relevant for long-term acceptability. In the context of two focus groups with local stakeholders from civil society (15 participants), and citizens (12 participants), various aspects of CO2 pricing were discussed, with respect to four
research questions addressing 1. doubts concerning the effectiveness of the pricing instrument, 2. relevant aspects of justice, 3. problems of comprehension, and 4. perceived scopes of action. Qualitative-interpretive and quantifying data analysis methods were applied. The main results reveal
difficulties in comprehending the instrument and neglect of possible investments. Results are discussed with respect to practical implications.
Environmental humanities: an emerging field of transdisciplinary research
Authors: Schmidt Matthias , Soentgen Jens , Zapf Hubert
Published: December 2020

Humanity is facing a global crisis that has been brought about by the domestication, exploitation and degradation of the natural environment. This crisis is closely interconnected with social structures and processes, and with cultural representations ‐ thus with history and politics, too. Therefore, historically, politically, aesthetically, and ethically reflective approaches that require the expertise of the humanities and social sciences are essential. This is precisely where the environmental humanities come into play, and in this paper, we outline their potential and their contribution to environmental research.
Wheat: a powerful crop in US-American culture: Between politics andplant agency
Authors: Twelbeck Kirsten
Published: December 2020

Intertwined in processes of ideological meaning-making, wheat has been particularly successful in pairing its genetic assets with a powerful symbolic charge in US-American culture. The sense of agency that US culture attaches to wheat is subsumed under paradigms of organized personhood such as the nation and the corporation. Artists and writers have merged the idea of “wheat power” with the fears and hopes of their specific historical moment.Wheat is not only genetically complex but has also been exceptionally culturally defined. Interestingly, some cultural representations of wheat emphasize what may be referred to asplant agency. This is particularly striking in North American art and literature. There is often a certain wildness, independence, and power to wheat that are lacking in other cultivated crops. Focusing on the 19thand early 20thcenturies, this article examines the active role of wheat in shaping US-American history and society. Starting from the assumption that cultural artefacts help societies to understand and negotiate their norms and values, I take a look at a painting (Emanuel Leutze’sMrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the Britishfrom 1852) and a novel (Frank Norris’sThe Octopusfrom 1901) to analyze their representation of the human-wheat relationship. Using a historicizing, philological approach, this case study contributes to a debate in the environmental humanities that seeks to redefine the human-crop relationship in times of climate change, diminishing biodiversity, and human population growth. Can the American legacy of wheat help us to reframe the human-wheat relationship? Are there potential pitfalls of crop agency as it is depicted in American representations of wheat?
The greening of the revolution: Changing state views on nature and development in Cuba’s transforming socialism
Authors: Benz Andreas
Published: December 2020

In the early 1990s, in the midst of the deepest economic crisis in its recent history, President Fidel Castro proclaimed sustainable development as the new guiding principle for Cuba. This would prove to be a wise move in the context of crisis management.This article explores the
shift in Cuba’s state visions of nature and development, which occurred in the wake of the deep crisis unfolding after the breakdown of the Eastern Bloc, on which Cuba heavily depended. This vital threat to the country’s socialist system necessitated far-reaching economic and social
policy adjustments, resulting in painful consequences for its citizens. The measures taken in the so-called Special Period demanded a new development vision for their legitimation. The Castro government developed a reformed socialist development model, shifting away from the ideal of Soviet
model catch-up modernisation and its instrumental view on nature, towards the paradigm of sustainable development. Based on the analysis of 55 speeches made by Fidel Castro between 1959 and 1996, this radical change in views on nature and development is analysed. This paradigm shift served
several political purposes and helped the Cuban leadership navigate through the crisis of the 1990s.
Ethnographic approaches to developing intercultural competence through intercultural interactions in the higher education context in China
Authors: Wang Yi’an , Miao Liyang
Published: December 2020

With the recent developing trend of redefining ‘culture’ across disciplines in intercultural and foreign language education (Corbett, 2003; Shaules, 2007; Spencer-Oatey & Franklin, 2010), it is widely agreed that culture requires a broader definition to improve the teaching and learning of it. Wilkinson (2012) suggests “a redefinition of culture in anthropological rather than aesthetic terms” (p. 302) to ensure that intercultural and language learning leads to Intercultural Competence (IC). Others (Buttjes, 1991; Risager, 2006) also note the importance of anthropological conceptualization when culture is taught in foreign and/or second language classrooms, because motivation to learn the language is increased. Byram (1991) similarly emphasized the need to include active ‘cultural experience’ in the foreign language classroom, and provided examples including cooking and geography lessons, in which students learn about the food and geography of the country whose language they are studying. A crucial element in research within the anthropology field is ethnography. Thus, to achieve a fuller understanding of culture “as the full gauntlet of social experience that students of foreign languages both learn and participate in” (Wilkinson, 2012, p. 302), including Holliday's (2004) concept of ‘small culture’, students should take on the role of ethnographer too; ethnography practices, in a variety of forms, have become central to intercultural approaches to culture and language teaching and learning (Corbett, 2003).
What do we exchange in virtual exchange? Reflections on virtual exchange
as intercultural dialogue
Authors: Van Maele Jan
Published: December 2020

On its website, APVEA reminds us that “virtual exchanges are
technology-enabled, sustained, people-to-people education programs”. This
chapter addresses the question of what we exchange when we engage in virtual
exchange by exploring the meaning and value of virtual exchange as
intercultural dialogue, and by considering the impact of the technological
medium on the process. A small group of expert practitioners (N=6) were
consulted for their views on virtual exchange. Their responses sketch a
picture in which virtual exchange stretches beyond transaction into
interaction among and transformation of the participants. The expert
practitioners value virtual exchange for enhancing employability and
foremost for its dialogic qualities. Next, the chapter explores the meaning
of dialogue more deeply from a Bohmian perspective and considers
applications in organizational development (Isaacs, 1999), restorative
justice (Pranis, 2005), and intercultural competence development (Deardorff,
2020). When the intercultural dimension is made salient, this creates
additional chances for realizing the dialogue principles of participation,
coherence, awareness, and unfolding. The chapter then illustrates how
intercultural dialogue is reshaped in a virtual environment as it is
mediated by the technological context in which it is conducted. Specific
attention is paid to the circle, the talking piece, and the facilitator. The
chapter concludes by stating that, although intercultural dialogue will
always be mediated by technology in virtual exchange settings, it makes good
sense to speak of ‘virtual dialogue’ in situations that take the core
principles, practices, and structural components of dialogue as outlined in
this chapter as a starting point for designing online intercultural dialogue
activities.
Tackling international controversies in virtual exchange
Authors: Watanabe Masahito
Published: December 2020

Since 2000, I have been coordinating a web-based Virtual Exchange (VE) project, Project Ibunka. Ibunka means different cultures in Japanese. It aims to provide opportunities for authentic interaction among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and English as a Second Language (ESL) learners all over the world. By the end of our last project, Project Ibunka 2018, more than 6,600 students from 22 different countries had participated in this project. The Asia-Pacific countries, such as Japan, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Indonesia, the US, Argentina, and others, have always played an active role in Project Ibunka. Though not so often, participants had taken up international controversies, such as territorial disputes, wartime responsibility, compensation for war victims and survivors, and others. Fortunately, the messages posted did not result in fruitless debate among participants. These issues can sometimes be seen to be too sensitive to be taken up in VE. However, the study and discussion of such issues are inevitable if we are to promote mutual understanding especially in the Asia-Pacific region. In my article, I would like to show how VE language teachers and students can take an acceptable, open-minded stance in VE, free from any stereotypes and prejudices. Teachers should set a goal of multicultural understanding and encourage students to gain insights using conflict resolution approaches. They also should push students to reconsider their own values from the standpoint of basic human needs.
Collaborative tasks in telecollaboration: their challenges and
potentials
Authors: Matsui Hisae
Published: December 2020

This chapter reports the challenges that both the students and the
teachers experienced in a telecollaborative project between a Japanese
university and an American university. In this semester-long project, the
students in groups of three to five from both universities worked
collectively mainly asynchronously and in occasional synchronous sessions.
The project was originally designed in 2017 with the expectation of
incorporating ‘collaborative tasks’ (O’Dowd & Ware, 2009), then
redesigned in 2018. To examine how the students in both years perceived
their collaborations and effectiveness, the results from online surveys from
both years were compared. Furthermore, two groups from 2018, which
experienced difficulties, were examined to reveal the causes of the
problems. These results indicate that rather complicated tasks raised more
logistical challenges than linguistic challenges. It became clear that the
students experienced various challenges, which include scheduling
synchronous sessions, unaligned visions on the final products, and lacking
consideration for non-native speakers in synchronous sessions. These
challenges in ‘collaborative tasks’ suggest that the success of a project is
heavily dependent on the simplicity of the project design, sharing the same
understanding at the beginning of the project, as well as the linguistic
consideration to their group members.
The affordances of wikis for virtual exchange
Authors: Kaufmann Thomas
Published: December 2020

This chapter will describe the ways wikis can benefit students,
teachers, and administrators as well as provide examples of ways they can be
used in the language and culture classroom for Virtual Exchange (VE). It
will specifically examine how the tool was used for a collaborative research
paper and explore how students can think critically to decide how to draft,
edit, and revise the paper into a unified voice. Throughout the process,
writers are thinking metacognitively about their writing and that of their
counterparts. Furthermore, using written or verbal comments and visual
markup within the wiki itself, recursive feedback loops between teachers and
students are created in real-time but also recorded for later reflection.
Finally, the tool also allows for a multitude of data points to be collected
and analyzed for fair and valid assessment that is data driven. Teachers and
administrators can see exactly who wrote what, when, and how long it took
them. Therefore, the quantity and quality of the contributions can be
assessed. Wikis are a powerful tool that can be harnessed in the language
classroom for intercultural VE in a myriad of ways with an assortment of
benefits.
Study of Environmental Carrying Capacity and Water Criticality Index Based on Availability Water in Balikpapan City
Authors: Harfadli Muhammad Ma'arij , Ulimaz Mega
Published: December 2020

One of the priority problems in Balikpapan is the limited availability of raw water. This is due to the rapid growth of domestic and non-domestic activities in Balikpapan while the Manggar Reservoir as the main source of  water supply is almost close to maximum capacity. The impact that will occur is a decrease in the environmental carrying capacity of Balikpapan. So it is necessary to predict when the availability of water in Balikpapan will reach a critical point. The method used in this study is to calculate the need and availability of water in Balikpapan, then calculate the ratio of water availability and demand to determine the carrying capacity and the water criticality index. The results of the calculation of the Environmental carrying capacity status in this study indicate that the water resources in Balikpapan from 2019 to 2029 are worth between 1-2 so that they are included in the conditional safe category. The calculation of the Water Critical Index  shows that in 2019 and 2024 is approaching critical (50-70%). Meanwhile, in 2029 the water criticality index of Balikpapan will reach critical status (84%). So it is necessary to conserve water resources in Balikpapan.
Potential of Renewable Energy Resources from Biomass Derived by Natural Resources In Balikpapan
Authors: Febrianti Nia , Filiana Firilia , Hasanah Primadina
Published: December 2020

Biomass energy sources have several advantages, such as being used as a renewable energy source so that the energy source from biomass can provide a sustainable energy source. One of the first steps to determine the potential of energy resources that can be developed into renewable energy sources is by collecting data. The data collection carried out in this study focuses more on the biomass found in Balikpapan. The biomass potential in Balikpapan needs to be known by collecting and classifying the biomass data based on products from agriculture and plantations. The data that has been collected from secondary data and from surveys are then mapped to see the greatest biomass potential found in Balikpapan. The largest percentage of crop yields per year is found in North Balikpapan Subdistrict, which is 31% compared to five other sub-districts. The potential of biomass from Balikpapan City's natural resources, which the greatest amount of harvest, is the cassava food plant in North Balikpapan sub-district of 7,259 tons / year. In the type of fruit, snakefruit (salak) has the highest number of yields per year, which is about32,945 tons / year. The potential for waste from food plants, cassava waste originating from tree trunks, is 5,807.2 tons / year, and cassava skin is 1,088.8 tons / year
A study on interpersonal meaning negotiated teacher-students classroom interaction in vocational high school
Authors: Tyas Ghita Aning , Widhiyanto Widhiyanto
Published: December 2020

Interaction and teaching learning process are two things that cannot be separated.  Interaction is a main point or component in communication. Communication skill has to be mastered by students including Vocational students because they need this skill as preparation for their professional work in the future. A good communication is when it has meaning in interaction. Halliday & Matthiessen, (2014) stated that there are three potential meanings, one of them are interpersonal meaning. This study was aimed to analyse interpersonal meaning between teacher and students in the eleventh grade of SMKN 2 Purwokerto and how it construct their role through various kinds of interaction. There were two activities in gathering the data of this study: observation and interview. In analyzing the data, the researcher used Mood system proposed by Halliday & Matthiessen (2004). Theory from Harmer (2001) and Johnson and Paulston (1976, cited in Richard and Rogers 1986) also used to analyze the role relationship between teacher and students. The findings showed that teacher and students produced three types of speech functions (Mood clause) besides Non-typical Mood Clause and Minor clause. In the class, both teacher and students applied different types of classroom interaction in which they took many roles. It can be concluded that teacher and students delivered various types of clause, classroom interaction, and roles during the teaching learning process.
JAMINAN DALAM PEMBIAYAAN SYARIAH (KAFALAH DAN RAHN)
Authors: Kartika Rini Fatma
Published: December 2020

Jaminan Dalam Pembiayaan Syaiah. Jaminan diperlukan untuk melindungi bank-bank Islam dari risiko non-performing financing dan hilang keuangan lainnya yang mungkin disebabkan oleh perilaku curang (moral hazard) dari debitur. Maka jaminan dalam bentuk kontrak diperlukan, baik berupakafalahmaupunrahn untuk mengamankan posisi debitur yang curang. Meskipun penggunaan rahn dan kontrak kafalah tidak dikenal dalam pelaksanaan kontrak musyarakah dan mudarabah, akan tetapi menggunakan teori kebebasan berkontrak dimana semua pihak masih dapat kontrak di diktum utama karena prinsip dasar kontrak diperbolehkan dalam fikih muamalat selama kontrak atau persyaratan yang dibuat tidak bertentangan dengan syariah.
EPIDEMI DALAM ALQURAN (SUATU KAJIAN TAFSIR MAUDHU’I DENGAN CORAK ILMI)
Authors: Hakim Husnul
Published: December 2020

Epidemi dalam Alquran (suatu Kajian Tafsir Maudhu’I dengan corak ilmi). Tulisan ini menelusuri tentang epidemi yang diuraikan dalam Alquran, apakah merupakan suatu yang terjadi begitu saja sebagai sebuah ketentuan Allah, ataukah sebagai akibat dari pelanggaran terhadap hukum Allah? Dengan menggunakan metode maudhu’i corak ilmi, diketahui bahwa awalnya epidemi yang dipahami sebagai azab Allah, ternyata berdasarkan penafsiran ilmi lebih sebagai kejadian biasa akibat penyebaran virus yang tidak ditangani dengan baik. dan merupakan sebuah jasa besar bagi umat Islam, khususnya, dan masyarakat dunia, pada umumnya. Selanjutnya, penemuan tersebut seakan-akan menjadi inspirator bagi temuan-temuan berikutnya