bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A carreira transimperial de don Manuel Cipriano de Melo no rio da Prata do século XVIII
Authors: Prado Fabrício
Published: March 2015

O presente artigo examina a trajetória e as redes sociais de um súdito português e espanhol, don Manuel Cipriano de Melo, que cruzou fronteiras e mudou sua lealdade política diversas vezes para explorar as relações entre redes transimperiais, comunidades regionais e dinâmicas imperiais no período colonial. A trajetória de Cipriano de Melo exemplifica como grupos regionais utilizaram redes transimperiais para incrementar seu status e poder dentro da conjuntura imperial, assim como oferece uma oportunidade para a análise do papel de dinâmicas transimperiais em áreas não privilegiadas dentro do sistema comercial espanhol. Para reconstruir a trajetória de vida de Cipriano de Melo esta pesquisa contou com fontes documentais depositadas em arquivos na Argentina, Uruguai, Brasil, Portugal, Espanha e Estados Unidos.
SPECTRA OF MOTHERS OF PREMATURE CHILDREN ABOUT THE EDUCATIVE CIRCLE OF CULTURE
Authors: Couto Camila Santos do , Tupinambá Milena Colares , Rangel Aldecira Uchôa Monteiro , Frota Mirna Albuquerque , Martins Elis Mayre da Costa Silveira , Nobre Caroline Soares , Landim átima Luna Pinheiro
Published: March 2015

Abstract We sought to know the spectra of mothers of premature children regarding their experience with circle of culture of educational character and identifying the learning provided by the circle of culture about newborn care after hospital discharge. A descriptive study was performed in a hospital located in Fortaleza, Brazil. Three meetings of a circle of culture with 17 mothers of premature newborns were performed. The interpretation of the corpus was performed using thematic analysis. Emerged from the categories: Maternal experience in a circle of culture; Promoted social support among mothers through the circle of culture; and Learning provided by the circle of culture. It was concluded that teaching parents during the hospitalization of the child should be held in a way to involve parents in the care of the newborn, provide moments of health education, opportunities for support and dialogue between professionals and family.
Health care to immigrant and Portuguese pregnant women in Portugal
Authors: Coutinho Emília de Carvalho , Silva Alcione Leite da , Pereira Carlos Manuel Figueiredo Pereira , Almeida Alexandra Isabel , Nelas Paula Alexandra Batista , Parreira Vitória Barros Castro , Amaral Maria Odete
Published: March 2015

This study aimed to assess the care received and the barriers faced by immigrants and Portuguese pregnant women in Portugal. This is an exploratory qualitative study, resorting to applying semi-structured interviews to 60 immigrant and 22 Portuguese women. Content analysis supported by QSR Nvivo10 program was used. The study was approved by an Ethics Committee. The results showed four categories related to affective dimensions-relational, cognitive, technical-instrumental and health care policy for pregnant women. As for the barriers in health care, these were mentioned by some of the expectant mothers, especially immigrant women. Almost all, both immigrant and Portuguese, pregnant women were satisfied with the health care.
Pregnancy and childbirth: What changes in the lifestyle of women who become mothers?
Authors: Coutinho Emília de Carvalho , Silva Cristina Bastos da , Chaves Cláudia Margarida Balula , Nelas Paula Alexandra Batista , Parreira Vitória Barros Castro , Amaral Maria Odete , Duarte João Carvalho
Published: March 2015

Pregnancy is a period influenced by the interaction of several factors, therefore this study aimed to identify changes in lifestyles due to pregnancy and childbirth in Portuguese and immigrant women in Portugal. This is a qualitative study, using the semi-structured interview, with eighty-two Portuguese and immigrant women. Content analysis was used, with verbatim classification supported by Nvivo 10. It was authorized by an Ethics Commission. Results revealed that the primary changes in lifestyles due to pregnancy were in eating habits (nutrition), daily activity, exposure to danger, sleep and rest patterns, social and family relationships, going out, self-care, work, clothing and footwear, travel, health monitoring and sexual activity and substances consumption. The main change after the birth, manifested by these women, was that their lives began to revolve around their baby.
BETWEEN DREAMS AND REALITY: Migration of Brazilian women to Switzerland
Authors: Schuler Flávia de Maria Gomes , Dias Cristina Maria de Souza Brito
Published: March 2015

The general objective of this article was to study the process of illegal migration of Brazilian women to Switzerland and, more specifically, to analyze the motivations for migration, the difficulties found upon arrival, the circumstances that led them to get married and lastly an evaluation of the whole experience. The methodology was based in a qualitative approach. The participants were eight Brazilian women that illegally migrated to Switzerland but now are married with Swiss or European men. They responded to an interview focused in the objectives of the study. The appreciation of the data was realized with Minayo´s Content Analysis. The motivations were related to a bettering of the financial situation. In the difficulties encountered, we can bring out illegality, language and prejudice. Regarding marriage, they married to stay legally in the country. Finally, the evaluation of the experience was negative for most participants.
Violence as a research object and intervention in the health field: an analysis from the production of the Research Group on Gender, Health and Nursingi
Authors: Oliveira Rebeca Nunes Guedes de , Fonseca Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da
Published: March 2015

The study aimed to describe how violence is revealed in the production of the Research Group on Gender, Health and Nursing. This is a historical research of qualitative approach, which evaluated the production of the Research Group, through content analysis. The results show gender as a central category in determining violence and health practices. This aspect determines limitations on professional practices of coping, such as the invisibility of the problem. The female autonomy, the use of alcohol and drugs and social vulnerability play an important relation with the phenomenon and the bond is revealed as potentiality of health practices to address the problem. Conclusion: The gender perspective in nursing research is an innovative field and counter-hegemonic, a possibility to assume a meaning of praxis by transforming potential of understanding and modes of intervention in the phenomenon of gender violence.
Understanding the experiences of caregivers of children with tuberculosis in directly observed therapy
Authors: Silva Thatiana de Medeiros Vale da , Santos Maria Áurea dos , Almeida Fabiane de Amorim
Published: March 2015

Objective To understand the situations and communications experienced by caregivers of children with tuberculosis (TB) with regard to directly observed therapy (DOT). Method A descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach was applied and developed in the ambulatory of Programa Einstein na Comunidade de Paraisópolis (PECP). The data were collected using semi-structured interviews of 13 caregivers of children with TB in DOT. The Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) method was used to analyze the data. Results Seven CSDs were identified and grouped into four categories: "Living in a difficult situation", "Changing the family routine", "Responsibility almost always fall son the mother", and "Adapting to the DOT". Conclusions The difficulties faced by the caregiver of the child at the beginning of DOT significantly changed the familiar routine. The responsibility for its continuity was assigned to the mother, who must adapt to the demands of the treatment and face the situation.
Cumulative Vulnerability: A Case Study on intrafamilial violence, Drug Addiction and Adolescent Pregnancy
Authors: Miura Paula Orchiucci , Passarini Gislaine Martins Ricardo , Ferreira Loraine Seixas , Paixão Rui Alexandre Paquete , Tardivo Leila Salomão de La Plata Cury , Barrientos Dora Mariela Salcedo
Published: March 2015

A pregnant adolescent’s vulnerability increases when she is a victim of intrafamilial violence and drug addiction, which cause physical and biopsychosocial damage to the mother and her baby. Objective Present and analyze the case of an adolescent who is addicted to drugs, pregnant and the victim of lifelong intrafamilial violence. Method A case study based on a semi-structured interview conducted in the Obstetrics Emergency Unit at the Teaching Hospital of the University of São Paulo. The data were interpreted and analyzed using Content Analysis. Results intrafamilial violence experienced at the beginning of the adolescent’s early relationships seriously affected her emotional maturity, triggering the development of psychopathologies and leaving her more susceptible to the use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs. The adolescent is repeating her history with her daughter, reproducing the cycle of violence. Conclusion Adolescent pregnancy combined with intrafamilial violence and drug addiction and multiplies the adolescent’s psychosocial vulnerability increased the adolescent’s vulnerability.
Supplemental nursing staff´s experiences at a Spanish hospital: Qualitative phenomenology research
Authors: Lapeña-Moñux Yolanda Raquel , Cibanal-Juan Luis , Orts-Cortés Mª Isabel , Maciá-Soler Mª Loreto , Palacios-Ceña Domingo
Published: March 2015

The objective of this study was to describe the Supplemental Nursing Staff´s experiences at different hospital units. A qualitative phenomenological approach was conducted; a purposeful and theoretical sampling was implemented with supplemental nursing staff at Santa Barbara Hospital of Soria (Spain), to gain a more in-depth understanding of the Supplemental Nursing Staff ´s experience. Data were collected by in-depth interviews and through a field notebook. Data were analyzed using the Giorgi proposal. Twenty-one nurses with a mean age of 46 years were included. Three main topics emerged from the data analysis: building the first contact, carving out a niche and establishing interprofessional/interpersonal relationships. We conclude that the experience of hosting the supplemental nursing staff in changing clinical environments is conditioned by various factors. It is necessary for nurses and hospital managers to establish clear objectives with regard to the supplemental nursing staff´s role in the units.
Chronic Disease in the Elderly: Spirituality and Coping
Authors: Rocha Ana Carolina Albiero Leandro da , Ciosak Suely Itsuko
Published: March 2015

This is an exploratory study using a qualitative methodology which aimed to identify and understand the role of spirituality in the management of chronic disease in the elderly. The discourse analysis revealed the following central themes: multidimensional impact of chronic diseases, coping and expectations of the elderly. Regarding coping with chronic diseases, the individual coping, social support and religiosity/spirituality/faith were analyzed. The results showed the changes brought about the diagnosis of chronic disease and its implications for the adaptation to the new way of life. The management of these changes is complex and many factors influence positively and negatively in order to deal with the new condition. The results showed that spirituality/religiosity /faith interfere positively in addressing the barriers and difficulties of life, strengthening the resilience of the patient, thus improving their quality of life.
Identity of care in a Psychosocial Care Center for Children and Adolescents who uses drugs
Authors: Bastos Isabella Teixeira , Sarubbi Jr. Vicente , Oliveira Tatiane Guimaraes Pedroso de , Delfini Patricia Santos de Souza , Muylaert Camila Junqueira , Reis Alberto Olavo Advincula
Published: March 2015

Objective To associate the territory of identity with the production of care within a PCC focusing on children and adolescents with drug abuse and their institutional identity. Method We used the “ process tracing methodology” in four research categories: focus groups, characterization of professionals, observing the everyday and interviewing two members of emblematic cases of the service. Results territory of identity of the institution, which operates the production of care is crossed by the difficulty of dealing with the complexity brought by the users and the performance of the PCC network. This paper is also permeated by different conceptions of care and small problematization of these issues in collective spaces of service. Conclusion The discussion in focus groups and other devices can be powerful resources to reframe the meaning of care and identity of collective service.
Mental ill health in the elderly: medical students’ social representations in the United Kingdom
Authors: Medeiros Bruno , Foster Juliet
Published: March 2015

Objective This study aims to explore medical students’ social representations of mental ill health in older adults. Method It comprises an exploratory and qualitative investigation based on the theory of social representations. Two focus groups with pre-clinical medics (group 1, N=4; group 2, N=4) and 10 individual interviews with clinical medical students were conducted. Thematic analysis at a latent level explored meanings and differences between groups. Results Three overarching themes reflect participants’ representations of mental health problems in later life – mental ill health in old age, polarisation of care, and challenges to care. Primary health care appears as an important strategy to overcome barriers to mental health care in the community. Nevertheless, disqualifying representations, stigma and organization of services constitute the main challenges to quality mental health care in later life. Conclusion This paper highlights the need to address cultural and organizational barriers to promote quality care.
APPROACH AND TREATMENT OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN THE CLINICAL PRACTICE OF DIFFERENT GROUPS OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN SPAIN: RESULTS OF THE PROJECT EUREGENA.
Authors: Muñoz Juan Luis , Gómez María Cruz Sánchez , Vicario Beatriz Palacios , Martín Manuel Ángel Franco
Published: March 2015

According to the WHO (World Health Organization) and the European Union, suicide is considered to be a health problem of prime importance and to be one of the principal causes of unnatural death. In Spain, the number of suicides has increased 12% since 2005 . The Research Project “European Regions Enforcing Actions against Suicide (EUREGENAS), funded by the Health Program 2008-2013, has as main objective the description of an integrated model of Mental Health orientated to the prevention of suicide. The differences that allow distinguishing the meaning of prevention in suicide behavior are described and explained through a qualitative methodological strategy and through the creation of discussion groups formed by different groups of health professionals. The results highlight the existing differences between the diverse health professionals who come more in contact with this problem and it shows as well the coincidence of meaning that suicide has to be considered as a priority in the field of health.
Ethical dimension of circle Integrative Community Therapy on qualitative research
Authors: Santos Paula Renata Miranda dos , Cerencovich Elisangela , Araújo Laura Filomena Santos de , Bellato Roseney , Maruyama Sonia Ayako Tao
Published: March 2015

This study discusses ethical issues in research involving human beings and seeks to understand the relationship between qualitative research and the ethical care guidelines for Integrative Community Therapy (ICT) circles based on Resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. This is documentary research, which analyzed Resolution 466/12 and ICT circles seeking to make a connection between the ethical guidelines contained in both. The analysis of the corpus was directed toward the construction of the following results: the person's perception, cultural diversity and community. It also brings in consideration of the influence of the ethical dimension of the ICT circles on qualitative research. We conclude that ICT circles are innovative in the sense of the diversity of participants and respect for cultural and social differences. Thus, ICT circles promote acquisition of quality information for social research as well as compliance with the ethical guidelines outlined in Resolution No. 466/12.
Nursing Teaching Strategies by Encouraging Students’ Questioning, Argumentation and Explanation
Authors: Souza Dayse Neri de , Souza Francislê Neri de
Published: March 2015

Nursing students need to develop competences in the field of explanation, argumentation and questioning as they are pivotal to foster a relationship with their patients and achieve a greater humanisation of care. The objective of this paper is to analyse the perception of 1st-year nursing students with regard to the humanisation of care provided to patients by encouraging them to discuss real-life episodes. The study is qualitative and content analysis used the students’ questions, explanations and argumentation as core discourses. Among other conclusions, results point towards the importance of promoting activities that encourage the different nursing students’ discourses and the ability to understand the humanisation and dehumanisation patterns arising from the real-life episodes used as case study.
Nurse educators’ perceptions of the way nursing students protect patient privacy
Authors: Zangão Otília , Felismina Mendes
Published: March 2015

The aim of this study was to assess the teaching-learning process related to patient privacy during the care process and the way nursing students’ protect patient privacy. Descriptive/correlational study using a qualitative approach and nonprobability sampling of 19 nurse educators from two schools of nursing. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was undertaken using the SPSS version 20 and Alceste 2010 programs. The study complied with ethical standards. Two classes were assigned (protection of patient privacy and care process) with four subcategories (protection, empathy, relational competencies and technoscientific competencies).The findings show the need to adopt a reflective approach to the teaching-learning process by using experiential learning activities and real-life activities. We believe that intimacy and the protection of privacy should be core themes of nurse education and training.
MEDICAL STUDENT IN THE FAMILY HEALTH STRATEGY ON THE FIRST YEARS OF COLLEGE: PERCEPTION OF GRADUATES
Authors: Ricardo Maria Paula Ferreira , Marin Maria José Sanches , Otani Marcia Aparecida Padovan , Marin Marina Sanches
Published: March 2015

There is a lack of knowledge about the effective value of the experience gained by medical students who participate in the Family Health Strategy (Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF)) during the early stages of their medical training. This teaching strategy is based on learning by experiencing the problems that exist in real life. This study proposed to understand the value of this teaching strategy from the viewpoint of the students who had participated, after their graduation. The method adopted was a qualitative study conducted through interviews with students who graduated in the years 2009, 2010 and 2011. The data analysis used the hermeneutic dialectic technique as its model. The graduates considered that this experience enabled them to understand the organization and functioning of the health service and the context of the daily life of the users. This experience facilitated the doctor patient relationship, the development of clinical reasoning and the bond with the user. However the students emphasized that a lack of maturity prevented them gaining a higher level of benefit from the experience. Therefore, although the structure of the course is permeated by advances and challenges, it was concluded that this experience contributed to the student's learning of certain essential elements of medical training.
Narrative interviews: an important resource in qualitative research
Authors: Muylaert Camila Junqueira , Sarubbi Jr Vicente , Gallo Paulo Rogério , Neto Modesto Leite Rolim , Reis Alberto Olavo Advincula
Published: March 2015

Objetives This methodological study explain and emphasize the extent and fertility of the narrative interview in qualitative research. Methods To describe the narrative method within the qualitative research. Results The qualitative research method is characterized by addressing issues related to the singularities of the field and individuals investigated, being the narrative interviews a powerful method for use by researchers who aggregate it. They allow the deepening of research, the combination of life stories with socio-historical contexts, making the understanding of the senses that produce changes in the beliefs and values that motivate and justify the actions of possible informants. Conclusion The use of narrative is an advantageous investigative resource in qualitative research, in which the narrative is a traditional form of communication whose purpose is to serve content from which the subjective experiences can be transmitted.
The Brazilian policy for reduction of accidents and violence aligns with international perspectives?
Authors: Sakata Karen Namie , Egry Emiko Yoshikawa , Narchi Nádia Zanon
Published: March 2015

The study analyzed The Brazilian Policy for Reduction of Morbidity and Mortality from Accidents and Violence, in the socio-political perspective. We used as a base the chapter “Violence: a global public health problem” from the World Report on Violence and Health. The analysis revealed convergent and divergent elements of the Brazilian Policy in comparison with the international perspectives. We verified that the Brazilian Policy tried to converge to the international policies, however: it emphasizes the health promotion actions, but are limited to the context and behavior of individuals and individual communities; the performance of health professionals is expected without providing more structural investments, as the improvement in work conditions, the increase of financial and material resources; there are few clear definitions of the government and economical sector responsibilities.
COMPETENCY-BASED TRAINING IN NURSING: LIMITS AND POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Tonhom Silvia Franco da Rocha , Costa Maria Cristina Guimarães da , Hamamoto Cássia Galli , Francisco Anete Maria , Moreira Haydée Maria , Gomes Romeu
Published: March 2015

Objective To analyze the possibilities and limits of competency-based training in nursing. Method An integrative review of the literature on the subject was carried out, and an analysis was made of the results of a survey evaluating a nursing course based on areas of competency. A dialog was then established between the review and the results of the research. Results On the question of which theoretical type of competency the articles from the literature relate to, there is a predominance of the constructivist perspective, followed by the functionalist approach and the dialog-based approach. In the dialog between the literature and the research, limits and possibilities were observed in the development of a training by areas of competency. Conclusion The dialog-based approach to competency is the proposition that most approximates to the profile defined by the National Curriculum Guidelines for training in nursing, and this was also identified in the evaluation survey that was studied. However, it is found that there are aspects on better work is needed, such as: partnership between school and the workplace, the role of the teacher, the role of the student, and the process of evaluation.
La temprana descentralización de los servicios de salud en la Argentina: la construcción del sistema sanitario en Córdoba, 1930-1955
Authors: Ortiz Bergia María José
Published: March 2015

Este trabajo analiza el proceso de construcción del sistema público de salud argentino, poniendo en evidencia las limitaciones que se produjeron en el proyecto de nacionalización de las políticas sanitarias en la postguerra y el papel central que tuvieron las jurisdicciones subnacionales, provincializando la provisión de los servicios. Más precisamente se visibiliza cómo, en el segundo cuarto del siglo XX, la ampliación de los servicios de salud en algunas provincias fue principalmente el resultado de la acción de las reparticiones locales antes que nacionales. Con el propósito de dilucidar mejor ese proceso, estudiamos la trayectoria de los dispositivos sanitarios públicos en la provincia de Córdoba entre 1930 y 1955.
El "retorno de lo reprimido": el papel de la sexualidad en la recepción del psicoanálisis en el círculo médico chileno, 1910-1940
Authors: Honorato Mariano Ruperthuz
Published: March 2015

Aborda la recepción del psicoanálisis en el circuito médico chileno a partir de la década de 1910. Los hallazgos permitieron reconstruir cómo el freudismo fue primeramente rechazado por la incipiente escena psiquiátrica local, acusándolo de pansexualista. En la década de 1930 este panorama cambiará, ya se apreciará una revaloración del psicoanálisis a nivel local, calificándolo precisamente como un saber especializado en la sexualidad. El realce del mecanismo de la "sublimación", estimado por su capacidad de hacer transmutar la peligrosidad del "ello" en productos culturalmente aceptados, será el hito que marcará este "retorno de lo reprimido" del factor sexual del psicoanálisis en Chile. Se discutirán las posibles variables sociales, políticas y económicas que influyeron en este fenómeno.
Cidade-laboratório: Campinas e a febre amarela na aurora republicana
Authors: Martins Valter
Published: March 2015

No final do século XIX ocorreram epidemias de febre amarela em Campinas. Considerada doença litorânea, a febre assustou leigos e médicos. O debate científico sobre a etiologia da doença deixou revistas e correspondências médicas para orientar ações políticas e sanitárias. Visando combater a enfermidade, a cidade ganhou contornos de laboratório e vivenciou sua "era do saneamento e das demolições", com vitórias sobre o achaque e transtornos à população. A Comissão Sanitária Estadual comandada por Emílio Ribas, ciente da teoria culicidiana de Finlay, ensaiou em Campinas o que ocorreria no Rio de Janeiro de Oswaldo Cruz e Pereira Passos. A novidade do combate aos mosquitos conviveu com antigas práticas caras à teoria miasmática, como as desinfecções.
COFFEE YIELD AND PHOSPHATE NUTRITION PROVIDED TO PLANTS BY VARIOUS PHOSPHORUS SOURCES AND LEVELS
Authors: Dias Kaio Gonçalves de Lima , Neto Antônio Eduardo Furtini , Guimarães Paulo Tácito Gontijo , Reis Thiago Henrique Pereira , Oliveira Cesar Henrique Caputo de
Published: March 2015

Phosphorus (P) is considered one of the nutrients that most limits crop yields, especially in soils with an advanced degree of weathering. To evaluate P dynamics and availability in soil resulting from various P doses and sources and to assess the resulting P content of coffee leaves and the final coffee yield, an experiment was conducted in the municipality of Três Pontas, MG, Brazil, in a Red Argisol (Ultisol) area. Fertilization, except for P fertilization, was performed based on the soil analysis results. The annual P doses tested were 0, 75, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha-1 P2O5. Two P sources, simple superphosphate and magnesium thermal phosphate, were evaluated and compared in the study. A physicochemical analysis of the soil and an analysis of leaf dry matter were performed. The available P content in the soil increased as a result of the applications of the two sources. The leaf P levels stabilized at approximately 1.8 and 1.9 g kg-1 for simple superphosphate and magnesium thermal phosphate, respectively, as a result of the application of approximately 300 kg ha-1 P2O5. The coffee responded to P fertilization in the production phase. Averaged over three harvests, the yield per harvest showed gains of 45.3% and 40.3% for simple superphosphate and magnesium thermal phosphate, respectively, with the application of the highest studied dose, 600 kg ha-1 P2O5.
CROSS-TOLERANCE MECHANISM INDUCTION IN MELON SEEDS BY PRIMING PRIOR DRYING
Authors: Lira Jean Marcel Sousa , Lara Túlio Silva , Rodrigues Amanda Cristiane , Dousseau Sara , Magalhães Marcelo Murad , Alvarenga Amauri Alves de
Published: March 2015

The loss of benefits after re-drying is one of the drawbacks of the seed priming technique. Different types of stresses have been used before re-drying to preserve the priming benefits. This process may be seen as promoting cross tolerance to increase the defense mechanisms that prevent loss of viability in seeds primed after drying. We tested the effect of some stresses to induce cross-tolerance and different drying conditions with the aim of maintaining priming benefits in melon seeds. The seeds were primed in an aerated KNO3 solution (0.35M), -1.7MPa, 25 °C, in the dark for six days. The primed seeds were then submitted to slow drying, fast drying, cold shock + slow drying, cold shock + fast drying, heat shock + slow drying, heat shock + fast drying, PEG + slow drying, PEG + fast drying, ABA + slow drying, ABA + fast drying and no drying (planted directly after priming). We evaluated antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT and APX), germinability, mean time of germination (MTG) and mean rate of germination (MRG). A completely randomized design was used with three repetitions of 50 seeds in each treatment. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and means were compared by the Scott-Knott test (p ≤ 0.05). ABA increased SOD activity after drying and CAT activity was reduced by priming. APX activity was not observed. The stress submission prior to re-drying improved the MRG and reduced MTG. Therefore, the induction of the cross-tolerance mechanism could be effective to maintain priming benefits in melon seeds.
GAS EXCHANGE AND CARBOHYDRATE PARTITIONING IN COFFEE SEEDLINGS UNDER WATERLOGGING
Authors: Silveira Helbert Rezende de Oliveira , Souza Kamila Rezende Dázio de , Alves Jose Donizeti , Santos Meline de Oliveira , Andrade Cínthia Aparecida , Bomfim Sandro Costa
Published: March 2015

Irrigation has enhanced coffee production in several regions of Brazil. However, with the increase in irrigated crop areas, problems related to the frequent and poorly planned usage of irrigation may arise. Since there are few studies related to the physiological alterations in coffee plants exposed to water excess, we evaluated the effects of waterlogging on metabolism and partitioning of carbohydrates, levels of photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange in seedlings of two commercial coffee cultivars (Mundo Novo and Catuaí). After acclimation, seedlings with eight pairs of fully expanded leaves were cultivated under three water availability conditions: field capacity, intermittent waterlogging and continuous waterlogging. Gas exchange and the levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids and carbohydrates were evaluated during the five months after the beginning of the treatments. Waterlogging reduced the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, leading to lower activity of the carboxylative step of photosynthesis and culminating in the reduction of carbohydrate partitioning in coffee seedlings. Although many physiological parameters were affected by waterlogging, the cultivars in our study survived for five months under stressful conditions.
INCLUSION OF PROTECTED FAT IN DIETS ON THE MILK PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION OF SAANEN GOATS
Authors: Molina Bruna Susan de Labio , Alcalde Claudete Regina , Hygino Bruna , Santos Sérgio Mangano de Almeida , Gomes Ludmila Couto , Santos Geraldo Tadeu dos
Published: March 2015

According on the fat source included in the diets for goats, the milk production can be increased and milk fatty acid composition can be improved. This study was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of protected fat (CSFA - calcium salts of fatty acids) in the diets of lactating Saanen goats on milk production and composition. Five Saanen goats (63.23 ± 9.08 kg body weight and 105 ± 3 days of lactation) were distributed in a Latin square design (5 × 5) with five diets: control (without the addition of CSFA) and the other diets with: 6.25, 12.50, 18.75 and 25.0 g CSFA per kg dry matter (g/kg DM), respectively. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production (MP) were evaluated. Milk samples were collected to determine milk composition and fatty acid profile. Feed efficiency (FE) was estimated. The supplementation of CSFA up to 25 g/kg DM did not influence the DMI, MP and FE. Milk components production (g/d) was not influenced by the inclusion CSFA in the diet; however, there was a linear reduction of 0.87 g protein per kg of milk for each 1% CSFA included in the diet. The concentration of linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in milk was improved with a maximum point of 24 g of CSFA per kg DM. CSFA can be included in the diets of lactating Saanen goats up to 25 g/kg DM with no interference on DMI and MP.
MHC structure and function – antigen presentation. Part 1
Authors: Goldberg Anna Carla , Rizzo Luiz Vicente
Published: March 2015

The setting for the occurrence of an immune response is that of the need to cope with a vast array of different antigens from both pathogenic and non-pathogenic sources. When the first barriers against infection and innate defense fail, adaptive immune response enters the stage for recognition of the antigens by means of extremely variable molecules, namely immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors. The latter recognize the antigen exposed on cell surfaces, in the form of peptides presented by the HLA molecule. The first part of this review details the central role played by these molecules, establishing the close connection existing between their structure and their antigen presenting function.
MHC structure and function − antigen presentation. Part 2
Authors: Goldberg Anna Carla , Rizzo Luiz Vicente
Published: March 2015

The second part of this review deals with the molecules and processes involved in the processing and presentation of the antigenic fragments to the T-cell receptor. Though the nature of the antigens presented varies, the most significant class of antigens is proteins, processed within the cell to be then recognized in the form of peptides, a mechanism that confers an extraordinary degree of precision to this mode of immune response. The efficiency and accuracy of this system is also the result of the myriad of mechanisms involved in the processing of proteins and production of peptides, in addition to the capture and recycling of alternative sources aiming to generate further diversity in the presentation to T-cells.
Gefitinib and Erlotinib in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Toxicity and Efficacy of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Burotto Mauricio , Manasanch Elisabet E. , Wilkerson Julia , Fojo Tito
Published: March 2015

Background.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been evaluated in patients with metastatic and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration initially granted accelerated approval to gefitinib but subsequently rescinded the authorization. Erlotinib and afatinib are similar compounds approved for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and toxicity of erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib in NSCLC.

Methods.

We tabulated efficacy variables including overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) and quantitated toxicities and rates of dose reductions and discontinuation. Summary odds ratios were calculated using random and fixed-effects models. An odds ratio was the summary measure used for pooling of studies.

Results.

We examined 28 studies including three randomized trials with afatinib. Clinical toxicities, including pruritus, rash, anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, mucositis, paronychia, and anemia, were similar between erlotinib and gefitinib, although some statistical differences were observed. Afatinib treatment resulted in more diarrhea, rash, and paronychia compared with erlotinib and gefitinib. Regarding efficacy, similar outcomes were recorded for ORR, PFS, or OS in the total population and in specific subgroups of patients between erlotinib and gefitinib. All three TKIs demonstrated higher ORRs in first line in tumors harboring EGFR mutations.

Conclusion.

Gefitinib has similar activity and toxicity compared with erlotinib and offers a valuable alternative to patients with NSCLC. Afatinib has similar efficacy compared with erlotinib and gefitinib in first-line treatment of tumors harboring EGFR mutations but may be associated with more toxicity, although further studies are needed. Gefitinib deserves consideration for U.S. marketing as a primary treatment for EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
Aprepitant and Fosaprepitant: A 10-Year Review of Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Aapro Matti , Carides Alexandra , Rapoport Bernardo L. , Schmoll Hans-Joachim , Zhang Li , Warr David
Published: March 2015

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common adverse event associated with anticancer treatment that can have a significant adverse impact on patient health-related quality of life and that can potentially undermine the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Traditional regimens to prevent CINV generally involved a combination of a corticosteroid plus a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT3) receptor antagonist (RA). In the past 10 years, antiemetic treatment has greatly advanced with the availability of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (NK1 RA) aprepitant and its prodrug fosaprepitant. NK1 RAs have a different mechanism of action in CINV than corticosteroids and 5HT3 RAs, thus their use can complement traditional antiemetic drugs and can enhance control of CINV. This review examined accumulated data regarding the safety and efficacy of aprepitant and fosaprepitant over the decade since the first regulatory approval. Data from key studies of aprepitant and fosaprepitant in the prevention of CINV in patients receiving moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy were explored, as were recommendations in currently available guidelines for their use. In addition, their use as antiemetic therapy in special patient populations was highlighted. Future perspectives on potential uses of aprepitant and fosaprepitant for indications other than CINV are presented.
The Anticipated Next Season of EGFR Inhibitors
Authors: Sequist Lecia V.
Published: March 2015

EGFR-directed therapy in lung cancer is here to stay, with new drugs targeting T790M-mediated resistance coming quickly and the field continuing to advance. With greater access to sophisticated tools for interrogating both the somatic and germline genome, and with widespread acceptance of the scientific and clinical value of obtaining serial repeated biopsies from patients with oncogene-addicted tumors, the field is poised to answer more nuanced questions.
Behaviour of NSM FRP masonry bond under elevated temperatures
Authors: Masia Mark J. , Shen Jingtan , Simundic Goran , Page Adrian W.
Published: March 2015

Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have become increasingly popular as reinforcement to strengthen unreinforced masonry (URM) walls due to their high strength/stiffness to weight ratios, corrosion resistance and low on site handling costs. However, the strengthening systems suffer potential limitations when subjected to elevated temperatures because the epoxy resins used to bond the FRP to the masonry lose strength and stiffness at relatively low temperatures. To explore this effect, a series of pull tests, used to characterise the behaviour of the FRP to masonry bond, was conducted. Some tests were conducted at elevated temperatures to determine the surface temperature at which the reinforcing becomes ineffective. Further tests were conducted after first heating beyond the glass transition temperature for the epoxy adhesive and then cooling the specimens to determine whether the damaging effect of elevated temperatures is reversible. The study considered one arrangement of near surface mounted carbon FRP strip reinforcement and epoxy adhesive. It was found that under sustained load, relative movement between the reinforcement and masonry initiated at temperatures close to the manufacturer reported glass transition temperature for the epoxy adhesive used. However, loss of strength and subsequent complete debonding did not occur until the surface temperature reached 140°C (mean value), some 80°C higher than the manufacturer reported glass transition temperature. For specimens which were heated to temperatures of 150°C and 200°C and then cooled prior to loading, the original bond strength was restored and the failure mode and displacement capacity also matched that of the control specimens.
The quality of Douglas fir grown in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bawcombe Jonathan , Harris Richard , Walker Peter , Ansell Martin
Published: March 2015

Within the UK there is a marked disparity in the end uses of home-grown timber compared with imported material. The country is nearly self-sufficient in the production of lower grade material, while that for use in construction, typically requiring higher quality, is up to 80% imported. The results presented in this work form part of a larger drive to better understand the quality of UK-grown timber. The study focuses on Douglas fir grown in the south-west of England, a region facing many challenges in delivering the full potential of its forest resource. A total of 24 trees were felled across the region. Variations in mechanical and anatomical properties with age and height were assessed, as was the extent of the typically undesirable juvenile wood zone. Results for all properties showed high variability at younger ages, stabilising as trees matured. The rate of growth of trees had little impact on the quality of the material produced. Results compared favourably with those reported in other studies conducted on the species internationally. Analysis of results also demonstrated potential improvements in wood quality and yield that may be achieved through the implementation of silvicultural practices such as continuous cover forestry.
Dynamic response of an innovative hybrid structure in hardwood
Authors: Leyder Claude , Wanninger Flavio , Frangi Andrea , Chatzi Eleni
Published: March 2015

In the context of the development and promotion of innovative and efficient hybrid timber structures, a pilot building, the ETH House of Natural Resources, has been designed. The building comprises three innovative structural systems, a post-tensioned timber frame, a composite beech laminated veneer lumber–concrete floor and a biaxial timber slab made of cross-laminated timber and beech laminated veneer lumber. The building will serve as an office building for the laboratory of hydraulics, hydrology and glaciology of ETH Zurich; as a ‘living lab’ for the implementation of a permanent sensor network for long-term monitoring purposes; and as a setup for a field testing campaign of in situ tests at different construction stages. Results of the first two series of this testing campaign and the derived modal characteristics of the structure are presented in this paper. The obtained modal data will extend the knowledge base on innovative hybrid timber structures and help to predict structural response for the case of significant loads such as high wind loads or earthquakes, through an extended model element updating procedure.
An interpretation of the seismic behaviour of reinforced-earth retaining structures
Authors: Masini L. , Callisto L. , Rampello S.
Published: March 2015

This paper provides an interpretation of the behaviour of retaining structures made of geosynthetic-reinforced earth, subjected to a severe seismic loading. It is seen that during strong ground motion the main source of energy dissipation derives from the transient activation of plastic mechanisms within the soil mass: these mechanisms can be global, local, or a combination of the two. Using numerical pseudo-static analyses and limit analysis methods it is shown that three retaining structures having a similar overall seismic resistance, expressed by their critical seismic coefficient, activate different – global, local, or combined – plastic mechanisms. The seismic performance of the different retaining structures is then evaluated through a series of dynamic analyses in which acceleration–time histories are imposed to the bottom boundary of the same numerical models used for the pseudo-static analyses. The results of the dynamic analyses are interpreted in the light of the plastic mechanisms evaluated with the pseudo-static procedure. They show that for the reinforced-earth structures there is always a local contribution to the dissipation of energy during strong motion, evidenced by the attainment of the available strength in different portions of the soil-reinforcement system, and that this energy dissipation has a substantial influence on the seismic performance of the system. These results extend the current understanding on the seismic behaviour of reinforced-earth retaining structures and can be used to provide some guidance for design.
Practical aspects of finite-element analysis in structural glass design
Authors: Lenk Peter , Lambert Harriet
Published: March 2015

This paper offers practical guidance to engineers using finite-element analysis software packages for the design of modern glass structures. The target audience is structural engineers with a knowledge of typical structural materials but who are less experienced in glass. The principles of typical modelling procedures are discussed, and the specific techniques of sub-modelling and sub-structuring are introduced. Issues that are particular to the behaviour of statically loaded structural glass are addressed, including interaction with supporting structure, evaluating composite action in laminates and lateral buckling of slender elements. The primarily academic, more advanced modelling techniques of adaptive meshing, rezoning, using birth and death elements, and probabilistic analysis are introduced. The potential power of these techniques in the field of structural glass is presented. Finally, suggested methods for result verification are presented. These include both pre-processor and post-processor methods. Real project examples are used to illustrate discussion points throughout the paper.
Papel del cáliz en el comportamiento poscosecha de frutos de uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.) ecotipo Colombia
Authors: Balaguera López Helber Enrique , Martínez C. Claudia Andrea , Herrera Arévalo Aníbal
Published: March 2015

Los frutos de uchuva se desarrollan y permanecen dentro del cáliz. Se desconocen muchos aspectos relacionados con el papel del cáliz en la fisiología del fruto de uchuva. El objetivo fue determinar el papel del cáliz en el comportamiento poscosecha de frutos de uchuva ecotipo Colombia. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con dos tratamientos: el primero correspondió a frutos con cáliz y el segundo fueron frutos sin cáliz. Los frutos fueron cosechados en el municipio de Ventaquemada (departamento de Boyacá, Colombia), en grado de madurez 3 según la norma NTC 4580. Una vez cosechados los frutos fueron llevados al laboratorio y se dispusieron en cámaras de almacenamiento (16±1°C y humedad relativa del 80%) durante 22 días. Semanalmente se realizaron mediciones de parámetros fisicoquímicos. Se encontró un efecto positivo del cáliz durante el almacenamiento de los frutos de uchuva. Con diferencias estadísticas, los frutos con cáliz produjeron menor cantidad de etileno. Estos mismos frutos presentaron menor aumento de los sólidos solubles totales, relación de madurez y del índice de color. Los frutos con cáliz tuvieron una mayor firmeza, acidez total titulable y menor pérdida de peso respecto a frutos sin cáliz. Esto demuestra la gran importancia de mantener el cáliz unido a los frutos de uchuva durante la poscosecha.