bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Conceito de Tendência na Moda: significado, histórico, conotação
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Campos Amanda Queiroz , Wolf Brigitte
Published: June 2018

Com a intenção de contribuir para o aprofundamento teórico dos estudos de tendência, a presente pesquisa aqui apresentada visa compreender as origens e transformações históricas do termo tendência e, mais especificamente, tendência de moda. Para tal, como procedimento metodológico foi desenvolvida revisão consistente de bibliografia, investigando a etimologia do termo nos idiomas português, inglês e alemão. Além disso, buscou-se agregar diferentes referenciais bibliográficos consolidados nos estudos de tendências –tais quais Caldas, Lindkvist e Vejlgaard –em prol do entendimento e da aplicação das tendências no decorrer do processo histórico. A interpretação geral do conceito de tendência relaciona-se com força ou vetor que direciona a um futuro finito, porém incerto. Entre 1946 e 1975, as tendências adquiriram uma compreensão semelhante à atual, enfatizando sua relevância econômica, o que coincide não arbitrariamente com o nascimento do consumo de massa. A conotação contemporânea associa tendências a mudanças e transformações que envolvem diferentes aspectos socioculturais e econômicos. Já as tendências de moda são compreendidas como expressões das tendências socioculturais em características visuais e táteisde produtos de moda.
A Cor na Moda Contemporânea: contribuições acerca das pesquisas de tendências de cores na indústria de moda
Authors:   Universidade de Brasília, Garcia Clarice Carvalho
Published: June 2018

A cor é um dos aspectos mais relevantes da superfície de produtos de moda, sendo responsável por grande parte das escolhas de consumo. Sendo elaborada com 18 a 24 meses de antecedência da estação de vendas, a pesquisa de tendências de cores é imprescindível no ciclo industrial da moda, sendo uma das primeiras etapas na produção de uma coleção. Este artigo busca discutir como a pesquisa de tendências em cores dialoga com fatores socioculturais de determinado período e com o referencial de cultura material que a roupa carrega, quando inserida em determinado contexto social. Além disso, este trabalho traz à tona o papel da pesquisa de tendências de cores no contexto contemporâneo fluido, efêmero e de impermanência de gostos, comportamentos e estilos.
A Construção Simbólica na Gestão da Marca Havaianas
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Mager Gabriela Botelho , Cipiniuk Alberto ,   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro
Published: June 2018

Considera-se a contemporaneidade como a era das marcas, na qual é onipresente e onipotente. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de estudar o lugar social da marca na contemporaneidade, configurado nas esferas sociais e culturais, a fim de identificar a ocorrência do processo de valorização de sua imagem. O capital simbólico eleva o capital econômico e cria uma relação de identidade com seus clientes. O massivo investimento em comunicação nos diversos meios faz com que haja inculcação da marca nas mentes e a inclui no habitus da sociedade. Apresenta-se o estudo de caso da gestão da marca Havaianas que conseguiu transformar em duas décadas o seu valor simbólico de popular a cultuado por todas as classes sociais. Como resultado, a marca gera a identidade, estabilidade, sacia desejos e une os grupos sociais.
As Reflexões nas Teorias do Design de Produção da Telenovela Brasileira
Authors:   Universidade de Lisboa, Scopinho Carlos Eduardo Dezan , Boff Ediliane de Oliveira ,   Universidade de São Paulo
Published: June 2018

O estudo em questão propõe situar o processo de construção da imagem na telenovela brasileira no íntimo do âmbito do Design, com base ema partir de uma discussão epistemológica. A pesquisa tem como objetivo de investigar as diferentes abordagens relacionadas à formatação de uma possível Teoria do Design. Sua explanação enquanto ciência e saber estão pautadas nas noções de epistemologia, a partir do conceito de diferentes teóricos da área de Design. Os argumentos aqui apresentados estão sustentados sob o processo de elaboração do conceito visual das telenovelas brasileiras e que são avaliadas como causadoras na essência comum que integra esse projeto no campo do Design enquanto contaminação na (re) configuração social.
Sabina Deweik, Pioneira do Coolhunting no Brasil
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Bona Sheila Fernanda
Published: June 2018

Esta é uma entrevista com Sabina Deweik, cool hunter (caçadora de tendências) e especialista em captar mudanças sociais. A entrevistada fala sobre a metodologia de pesquisa de Cool Hunting (caçar tendências), pesquisa de comportamento do consumidor e de como as empresas podem se beneficiar através desta consultoria especializada. Sabina conta sua trajetória profissional e como enveredou para a área de pesquisa de tendências, tornando-se precursora do Cool Hunting no Brasil nos anos 2000. Aponta quais foram as principais dificuldades enfrentadas no início da carreira, bem como quais são as atribuições necessárias para o profissional caçador de tendências. A entrevistada fala ainda sobre o Zeitgeist (espírito do tempo) da sociedade atual e a prospecção de movimentos sociais emergentes.
Motivación autodeterminada y estado de Flow en un programa extraescolar de Small Sided Games.
Authors: Carrasco Beltrán Hernaldo Julian , Reigal Rafael E , Fernández Uribe Sergio , Vallejo Reyes Felipe , Chirosa Ríos Luis Javier
Published: June 2018

The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of a Small Sided Games (SSG) extracurricular program based on football in the self-determined motivation and state of flow. The program lasted 11 weeks and 47 adolescents from Playa Ancha (Valparaiso, Chile) (15.57 ± .72 years). A quasi-experimental design pre-post test was used with a control group. In order to evaluate the motivation, the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) was used, and, to analyze the flow, the Flow State Scale was used (FSS). The results obtained indicated positive effects of the program on intrinsic regulation, introjected regulation, amotivation, the perception of the challenge-skill balance, the distortion of time and the autotelic experience. These data suggest that sports participation in extracurricular hours could have a positive impact on self-determined motivation and the state of flow, improving the experience of physical-sporting practice in the school context.
Relación entre clase social subjetiva y autoeficacia: efecto de la comparación social
Authors: Quiroga-Garza Angélica , García-Sánchez Efraín , Treviño-Elizondo Francisco A. , Willis Guillermo B.
Published: June 2018

<span style="font-family: 'Garamond',serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Socioeconomic class is a relevant variable with regard to the process of social hierarchization; specifically, subjective social class (SSC) has been found to correlate positively with the self-efficacy of persons. In the present study, with mixed methodology and a population size of 280 participants, we attempted to replicate these results by operationalizing SSC in the two following manners: (a) through experimental manipulation --randomly requesting that participants compare themselves with those who are above or below them in a social hierarchy scale-- and (b) through measuring SSC as individual difference. The results show no effects due to experimental manipulation, but do support that SSC, measured as individual difference, positively correlates with general self-efficacy. Regarding qualitative analysis, when the participant’s descriptions of common characteristics in members of the upper and lower class were studied, we found that situational characteristics predominated (over dispositional characteristics), but with greater positive valence when describing the upper class. We conclude that SSC is an important factor in self-efficacy and that it moderates effects of social comparison.
Quality of life in patients treated with methadone: The WHOQOL-BREF, psychometric study and application results
Authors: Pedrero-Pérez Eduardo J. , Group MethaQoL
Published: June 2018

<span style="font-family: 'Garamond',serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">The most commonly instrument used to measure quality of life in patients with addictive behaviors is the WHOQOL-BREF, developed by the World Health Organization. No studies have been found to explore the psychometric properties in Spanish clinical samples. This paper aims to study their reliability as well as the construct validity in a representative sample of patients and comparing the results to the data available for the general population in Spain. A sample was recruited comprised of 523 subjects who were undergoing treatment with methadone in Madrid and Extremadura. A confirmatory factor analysis was completed to test the theoretically proposed structure and then an optimized-parallel analysis was done to establish the most adequate number of components. The result offers solid values for internal consistency both as concerns the items and the scales. The theoretical tetra-dimensional structure is confirmed in the sample although serious arguments are also found for considering its one-dimensionality. The structural relationship between the four domains was studied. The WHOQOL-BREF proves to be a reliable and valid test for use on patients treated with methadone, providing a multi-dimensional measure of perceived quality of life that includes social and environmental factors of great importance in treating addiction problems.
Positive visual reframing: A randomised controlled trial using drawn visual imagery to defuse the intensity of negative experiences and regulate emotions in healthy adults
Authors: Ruppert Julia C. , Eiroa-Orosa Francisco Jose
Published: June 2018

This research explores the outcome of positive visual reframing (PVR), a single session intervention where drawn images of negative experiences and open memories were redrawn and visually reframed to form new positive narratives. The study hypothesised that PVR would lead to improvements to positive and negative affect, self-efficacy and the perceived intensity and perceived resolution of a selected negative experience. Healthy adults (N=62) were randomly assigned to the PVR or control condition. For the experimental group, statistical significance was identified for positive affect and the perceived intensity and resolution of the negative experience immediately following the PVR activity. Self-efficacy was marginally significant. The findings highlight the potential of positive visual reframing to enhance emotional regulation when negative emotions are triggered. At two weeks’ post-intervention, improvements were identified in both conditions. This suggests that over time, the visual and sensory exposure created by drawing a negative memory may also lead to positive gains. The study emphasises the potential of PVR to regulate emotions and defuse the intensity of negative or open memories by visually transforming a moment of peak perceptual intensity. Future studies exploring the effectiveness of positive visual reframing to shift negative emotions in clinical and non-clinical populations are recommended.
RTC-11: Adaptación de la escala de resistencia al cambio en dos países (España y Argentina).
Authors: Boada-Cuerva Maria , Boada-Grau Joan , Prizmic-Kuzmica Aldo Javier , De Diego Natalia Gimena , Vigil-Colet Andreu
Published: June 2018

Background: Resistance to change is the tendency to resist or avoid making changes; in addition, change is perceived as aversive. Resistance to change is a professional competence that can be evaluated. Objective: To adapt from the original English into Spanish the Resistance to Change Scale (RTC) by Oreg (2003) in two countries, Spain and Argentina. Method: The participants were 482 employed workers from Spain (Study 1) and 171 managers from Argentina (Study 2). Results: The results are presented in two studies and an unifactorial structure is demonstrated after exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) are performed. The factor obtained has adequate reliability and evidence of validity is also confirmed if some external correlates and certain scales dealing with pro/anti-change behaviors, self-efficacy, the hardy personality and impulsivity are taken as references. Conclusions: This scale could be an ideal instrument for correctly identifying RTC and it can be used as a screening tool in combination with other instruments.
Violencia de pareja hacia la mujer y profesionales de la salud especializados
Authors: Arredondo-Provecho Ana-Belén , Del Pliego-Pilo Gema , Gallardo-Pino Carmen
Published: June 2018

Nowadays, partner violence against women is one of the main public health issues. Therefore, it has a severe impact in our health. Objectives: finding the degree of knowledge and thoughts of the specialised health care professionals, knowing the challenges they face when they have to take action as well as suggesting improvements. A transversal study was carried out at the Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, using a voluntary and anonymous survey. The data was collected in an excel file linked to the platform used to take the survey, and the statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17 and STATA 12. The total response rate was 15%. Out of the 31.5% health care professionals that took the survey and knew about partner violence against women cases in their working environment, 24.7% said they detected them whilst working; on the other hand, 25.9% of them did not take any action as they considered they were not properly trained to act. Moreover, 82.5% of those who took the survey considered this to be a serious issue, whilst 50.9% said there was no consensus on action and 19% did not know about the action protocol. Health care professionals need training to conduct their skills in the field; they are increasingly becoming aware of this issue, they are less affected by the preconceptions that may condition their work and have more intervention tools; nevertheless, there is a need to spread action protocols.
Vínculos familiares e inclusión social. Variables predictoras de la conducta prosocial en la infancia
Authors: Tur-Porcar Ana M. , Doménech Anna , Mestre Vicenta
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosocial behavior and family environment variables (attachment to the mother and father and abandonment by the mother and father), personal variables (emotional instability, aggression, and coping strategies), and variables that relate to the immediate social environment (peer acceptance and rejection). This study also examined the predictors of prosocial behavior. Prosocial behavior is a personal protective factor that encourages positive relationships between peers and promotes personal and social adjustment behaviors (Mikolajewski, Chavarria, Moltisanti, Hart & Taylor, 2014). A study with a sample of 1,447 children (50.4% male and 49.6% female) aged between 7 and 12 years (M = 9.27; SD = 1.36) was conducted. The results confirmed the positive relationships between prosocial behavior and parental attachment, functional coping, and peer acceptance. The results also confirmed the negative relationships between prosocial behavior and abandonment by the parents, emotional instability, aggression, dysfunctional coping, and peer rejection. The positive predictor variables for prosocial behavior were attachment to the mother, functional coping, and expectations of peer acceptance. The negative predictor variables for prosocial behavior were emotional instability, physical and verbal aggression, and expectations of peer rejection. The findings have educational implications, which are discussed herein.
Guidelines for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses
Authors: Rubio-Aparicio María , Sánchez-Meca Julio , Marín-Martínez Fulgencio , López-López José Antonio
Published: June 2018

Meta-analysis is an essential methodology that allows researchers to synthesize the scientific evidence available on a given research question. Due to its wide applicability in most applied research fields, it is really important that meta-analyses be written and reported appropriately. In this paper we propose some guidelines to report the results of a meta-analysis in a scientific journal as Annals of Psychology. Concretely, the structure for reporting a meta-analysis following its different stages is detailed. In addition, some recommendations related to the usual tasks when conducting a meta-analysis are provided. A recent meta-analysis focused on the psychological field is used to illustrate the guidelines proposed. Finally, some concluding remarks are presented. 
Utilisation de stimulants du système nerveux central chez les élèves du primaire suivis à l’école pour des troubles du comportement
Authors: Lapalme Mélanie , Temcheff Caroline , Boutin Stéphanie , Déry Michèle
Published: June 2018

Les élèves du primaire référés aux services scolaires complémentaires pour des troubles du comportement constituent l’une des clientèles les plus visées par la prescription de stimulants du système nerveux central (SSNC) puisque nombre d’entre eux présentent un TDAH. Il existe cependant très peu d’information permettant d’établir jusqu’à quel point la prise de SSNC est associée au TDAH chez ces élèves ou si d’autres caractéristiques contribuent à accroître la probabilité d’utilisation des SSNC. L’étude a été menée auprès de 341 élèves suivis à l’école primaire pour des troubles du comportent (27,8 % de filles, âge moyen : 9,9 ans). Les symptômes du TDAH et d’autres troubles du comportement ont été évalués à l’aide d’un instrument diagnostique utilisé auprès d’un parent et d’un enseignant. L’étude montre que 39,9 % des élèves prennent des SSNC et que, parmi les élèves qui n’ont pas de TDAH, près du tiers utilisent des stimulants. Les symptômes d’hyperactivité-impulsivité, les symptômes de trouble de l’opposition avec provocation, le groupe d’âge (6-8 ans), le statut socioéconomique (moyen-élevé) et le placement en classe spécial contribuent de manière unique à accroître la probabilité d’utiliser des SSNC. Ces résultats suggèrent donc que plusieurs caractéristiques autres que le TDAH peuvent jouer dans la décision de traiter les difficultés de ces enfants avec des SSNC. Ces résultats appellent à une meilleure évaluation du TDAH chez ces enfants de même qu’à un suivi longitudinal pour connaître les effets à long terme des SSNC sur leur adaptation scolaire.
El papel del alumnado en la propuesta y diseño de acciones docentes
Authors: Castello-Sirvent Fernando , Roger Monzó Vanessa
Published: June 2018

The ComunicArte16 Teaching Innovation Project is presented in this paper, in which 21 students participated. It was carried out in the academic course 2015-2016 in the subject Economical Structure of the Communication Sector of the degree in Communication and Public Relations of ESIC Business & Marketing School.
ComunicArte16 aims to increase student participation through the proposal and design of their own teaching actions to be carried out in the classroom. From the 14 proposed actions, five teachers who are specialized in the subject were asked to reveal their preferences according to the objectives of the subject's curriculum. This process has been articulated on four axes: analyze, connect, experiment and create (ACEC), following the Felder-Silverman Learning Styles Model (FSLSM). For the selection of teaching actions of ComunicArte16 the Hierarchical Analytical Process (AHP) was followed and which, through the paired comparison of alternatives of self-excluding type, provided a weighted priority and resulted in the effective selection of 4 actions, one for each axis. The analysis of the results supports a high acceptance of ComunicArte16 among the students, increasing active participation in the classroom and improving their commitment through a higher attendance rate.
Análisis de materiales didácticos digitales para guiar y/o apoyar el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje de las matemáticas
Authors: Mato-Vázquez Dorinda , Castro-Rodríguez Mª Montserrat , Pereiro González Camino
Published: June 2018

Digital technologies have brought about a revolution in all areas of life: technological, business, communicative, cultural, and even in knowledge and entertainment. In the educational landscape it also has its reflection and the methodologies and resources have been redrawn, in terms of different media, channels, languages, narratives, etc. These changes, substantive and profound, affect all the society simultaneously, but other agents as educational administrations and the publishing sector is also involved. In this research we analyze a sample of institutional portals and commercial platforms that offer digital didactic resources in the area of mathematics in the Autonomous Community of Galicia. We focus on the type of materials, the pedagogical model that underlies them, the differences between commercial and institutional platforms, their use, impact on teaching and learning mathematics in the classroom, etc. The instrument used was a questionnaire designed ad hoc and validated and administered to 13 commercial platforms; both those produced commercially by publishing companies and those of an institutional nature generated by the regional administrations of the Canary Islands, Galicia and Valencia. The results indicate that, although the range of online offer of didactic materials for mathematics is wide and with varied formats, they have pedagogical shortcomings that do not favor active methodologies or a true integration of other alternatives that promote the development of open, flexible educational projects that facilitate the attention to the individual and collective diversity of each person, as well as the participation, interactivity / connectivity of the educational community, since most reproduce the format of the printed textbook by adding some online resources.
La representación de la diversidad social en los materiales didácticos digitales
Authors: Rego-Agraso Laura , Barreira Cerqueiras Eva María , Mariño Fernández Raquel
Published: June 2018

With the spreading of multimedia educative materials use in Primary Education in Spain, it seems pertinent to analyse how these resources represent the diversity of gender, ability, sexual orientation, cultural/ethnic diversity or age variations in our society. This is one of the aims of the project The school of the digital society: analysis and proposals for the production and use of educational digital contents, which is being developed nowadays in Spain, specifically in Galicia, Valencia and the Canary Islands. Therefore, a methodology of mixed (quantitative and qualitative) study has been applied, focused on the analysis of a sample of 56 multimedia materials, located in institutional commercial and online collaboration platforms of the aforementioned autonomous communities. Among the most outstanding results, it is worth mentioning a greater tendency towards the visibility of women –especially in that resources present in collaborative teaching repositories-, although it is continued the concealment of certain groups analyzed in its iconic-textual content.
Interiority and The Conditions of Interior
Authors: Pimlott Mark
Published: June 2018

Interiority pertains to the individual’s inner life, rich and set in opposition to the pressures of the world. This interiority has been allied with notions of the exclusive space or refuge of the interior. As a realm of privacy and subjectivity, of projections and receptions, the interior has come to be considered as a realm that, although profoundly affected by infiltrations of the world without, is ‘responsive’ to the individual at its centre. As such, it is a realm of illusions. However, there is another order of interior, a condition of interior, wherein spaces, settlements and territories are ideological realms of constructed narratives and imagery within which the individual subject is given illusory impressions of freedom. Interiority’s turn toward the imagination suggests that freedoms can be found despite these determinations. Public interiors have the obligation to realise this, and exemplars have offered places for gathering and interaction, promoted freedoms of movement, association and action, and advocated consciousness of the self and others.
Unreliable Guides: Introducing, Mapping and Performing Interiors
Authors: Hollis Edward
Published: June 2018

Whether as teachers listening to students, as designers ‘pitching’ designs to clients, or critics writing about historical spaces, we use speech and gesture to describe interiors. We assume that the interior does not speak on it’s own, but must be spoken for. How do designers, curators, and guides talk interiors into existence? How, more generally should we speak of the interior? This paper will explore this issue through reflection on three encounters between space, speech and gesture in the form of guided tours of historic interiors. It will frame these questions with four contexts: firstly, the evolution of the historical concept of the guide; secondly, the idea of the interior as portraiture; thirdly, the evolution, particularly in the twentieth century, of performance (particularly theatrical performance) and finally, the distinction between the interior as image, and the interior as inhabitation.
Urban Interiority and the Spatial Processes of Securitisation in Medellin
Authors: Deluchi Christina
Published: June 2018

Medellín, Colombia, a city best known for its violent history and subsequent radical transformation, hosts multiple political forces of varying degrees of legitimacy. In this context, architecture was mobilised as a physical weapon in the city’s urban regions. As an extension of this architectural condition, the city’s landscape has repeatedly been appropriated and repurposed to enforce state and criminal agency. Medellín’s cultural geography became increasingly unstable as both real and imagined threats lingered in the spaces of every day – apartment towers, gated communities, supermarkets, TV and radio, imbued with violent operational spatial logics.
In detecting processes of regulation, protection, and surveillance, the political instrumentality and larger urban implications of interior space in Medellín are revealed through architectural objects and spatial devices of control. As techniques of securitisation, these processes provide evidence for the construction of Medellín’s interiority, an urban condition founded on political violence and withdrawal. The objects and devices of this interiority are often remarkably ordinary, yet they are the political tools that indoctrinate a military-style urbanism that interprets, registers, and shapes territorial conflict. The mobilisation of Medellín’s interiority in the pursuit of power and control has manufactured an urban imaginary governed by the constant threat of violence.
Pitx2c orchestrates embryonic axis extension via mesendodermal cell migration
Authors: Collins Michelle M , Maischein Hans-Martin , Dufourcq Pascale , Charpentier Marine , Blader Patrick , Stainier Didier YR
Published: June 2018

Pitx2c, a homeodomain transcription factor, is classically known for its left-right patterning role. However, an early wave of pitx2 expression occurs at the onset of gastrulation in several species, indicating a possible earlier role that remains relatively unexplored. Here we show that in zebrafish, maternal-zygotic (MZ) pitx2c mutants exhibit a shortened body axis indicative of convergence and extension (CE) defects. Live imaging reveals that MZpitx2c mutants display less persistent mesendodermal migration during late stages of gastrulation. Transplant data indicate that Pitx2c functions cell non-autonomously to regulate this cell behavior by modulating cell shape and protrusive activity. Using transcriptomic analyses and candidate gene approaches, we identify transcriptional changes in components of the chemokine-ECM-integrin dependent mesendodermal migration network. Together, our results define pathways downstream of Pitx2c that are required during early embryogenesis and reveal novel functions for Pitx2c as a regulator of morphogenesis.
Multi-scale mapping along the auditory hierarchy using high-resolution functional UltraSound in the awake ferret
Authors: Bimbard Célian , Demene Charlie , Girard Constantin , Radtke-Schuller Susanne , Shamma Shihab , Tanter Mickael , Boubenec Yves
Published: June 2018

A major challenge in neuroscience is to longitudinally monitor whole brain activity across multiple spatial scales in the same animal. Functional UltraSound (fUS) is an emerging technology that offers images of cerebral blood volume over large brain portions. Here we show for the first time its capability to resolve the functional organization of sensory systems at multiple scales in awake animals, both within small structures by precisely mapping and differentiating sensory responses, and between structures by elucidating the connectivity scheme of top-down projections. We demonstrate that fUS provides stable (over days), yet rapid, highly-resolved 3D tonotopic maps in the auditory pathway of awake ferrets, thus revealing its unprecedented functional resolution (100/300µm). This was performed in four different brain regions, including very small (1–2 mm3 size), deeply situated subcortical (8 mm deep) and previously undescribed structures in the ferret. Furthermore, we used fUS to map long-distance projections from frontal cortex, a key source of sensory response modulation, to auditory cortex.
Fortellinger om 1814: Forestillingen om det eksepsjonelle norske demokrati
Authors: Jore Mari Kristine
Published: June 2018

The focus of this article is an educational encounter during a social science project at a junior high school in Norway. The topic of the school project was the Norwegian Constitution of 1814. In this Constitution, many of the ideas of the French and American revolutions had been adopted, e.g. popular sovereignty and the separation of power. Nevertheless, the Constitution also reflected intolerant ideas, especially with regards to the so-called Jews-paragraph, whereby Protestantism was proclaimed, and Jews were excluded from the Norwegian state. In the educational encounter analyzed in this article, I argue that the notion of an exceptional Norwegian democracy affects the narrative constructed about the Norwegian Constitution. This notion serves to exclude the Jews-paragraph from the narrative. The postcolonial concept of Nordic exceptionalism constitutes an important theoretical framework for the analyses of the educational encounter. In the contemporary Norwegian society, immigration regulation by laws again has relevance. This article, therefore, discusses the critical classroom conversations thematizing the Jews-paragraph could have led to, by pointing at different historical and present-day topics of relevance. The discussion implicates the importance of recognizing the role and impact state-led control, violations and exclusion of minorities have in Norwegian history. Not recognizing these aspects of history can lead to the production and reproduction of idealized and exceptional national narratives.
Conservation of Earthen Building Materials
Authors: Correia Mariana , Guerrero Luis
Published: June 2018

Worldwide, there is a unique, diverse, and fragile earthen archaeological heritage that is at risk. The difficulties to conserve earthen heritage are many, and there is evident recurrent lack of knowledge on how to proceed when addressing its conservation. This entry reviews some of the technical strategies that have been applied in recent years, including preventive measures such as reburial of excavated structures, sheltering, and surface coating; and modification of the earth material through stabilizers, additives, adhesives, and the use of inorganic, natural organic, and synthetic organic consolidants. Structural reinforcement through nonintrusive and intrusive measures is also discussed. The survival of earthen built heritage is a challenge that needs to be addressed with thoughtfulness, knowledge, and humbleness.
Heritage: Nonwestern Understandings
Authors: Simpson Moira
Published: June 2018

Until recently, heritage was associated in western societies with history, materiality, and the preservation of tangible heritage: buildings, monuments, sites and artefacts. In the 1980s and 1990s there was growing international discourse concerning cultural diversity and indigenous intellectual property rights, which led to diversification and democratization of heritage and expansion of the concept to include intangible, living, and spiritual forms. There was also concern about the threats to heritage and cultural diversity posed by globalization, technological developments, and intercultural conflicts. The international community, through the United Nations and its subsidiaries, has made efforts to safeguard heritage in all its forms. This entry provides an overview of the factors that have influenced these changes and of the efforts made within the international community to protect heritage. It concludes with an overview of dissonance in heritage, which results when multiple perspectives or alternative interpretations are presented.
Gaps in Mental Health Care for Youth With Rheumatologic Conditions: A Mixed Methods Study of Perspectives From Behavioral Health Providers
Authors: Knight Andrea , Vickery Michelle , Faust Lauren , Muscal Eyal , Davis Alaina , Harris Julia , Hersh Aimee O. , Rodriguez Martha , Onel Karen , Rubinstein Tamar , Washington Nina , Weitzman Elissa R. , Conlon Hana , Woo Jennifer M. P. , Gerstbacher Dana , von Scheven Emily ,   the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Investigators
Published: June 2018

Objective

To identify behavioral health provider perspectives on gaps in mental health care for youth with rheumatologic conditions.

Methods

Social workers (n = 34) and psychologists (n = 8) at pediatric rheumatology centers in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) completed an online survey assessing current practices and mental health care needs of youth with rheumatologic conditions. Responses were compared to a published survey of CARRA rheumatologists (n = 119). Thematic analysis of 20 semi‐structured interviews with behavioral health providers was performed.

Results

One‐third of CARRA centers (n = 100) had no affiliated social worker or psychologist. Only 1 behavioral health provider reported current universal mental health screening at their rheumatology clinic, yet routine depression screening was supported by >85% of behavioral health providers and rheumatologists. Support for anxiety screening was higher among behavioral health providers (90% versus 65%; P < 0.01). Interviews illustrated a need for interventions addressing illness‐related anxiety, adjustment/coping/distress, transition, parent/caregiver mental health, and peer support. Limited resources, lack of protocols, and patient cost/time burden were the most frequent barriers to intervention. Inadequate follow‐up of mental health referrals was indicated by 52% of providers. More behavioral health providers than rheumatologists favored mental health services in rheumatology settings (55% versus 19%; P < 0.01). Only 7 social workers (21%) provided counseling/therapy, and interviews indicated their perceived underutilization of these services.

Conclusion

Behavioral health providers indicated an unmet need for mental health interventions that address illness‐related issues affecting youth with rheumatologic conditions. Implementation of mental health protocols and optimizing utilization of social workers may improve mental health care for these youth.
Preference Phenotypes in Support of Shared Decision–Making at Point‐of‐Care for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study
Authors: Hsiao Betty , Binder‐Finnema Pauline , Nowell W. Benjamin , Michel George , Wiedmeyer Carole , Fraenkel Liana
Published: June 2018

Objective

In this proof‐of‐concept study, we sought to evaluate whether a value clarification tool enabling patients to view a set of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment preference phenotypes could be used to support shared decision‐making at the point‐of‐care.

Methods

We conducted a pretest/post test study. English‐speaking patients with RA presenting to their scheduled outpatient visits were asked to participate. Visits for patients with active RA were transcribed. Shared decision‐making components were measured using a quantitative coding scheme based on an established model of shared decision‐making.

Results

Forty‐six visits were included in the pretest and 40 in the post test phases. Providers offered more disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (2 or more) in the post test visits (60%) compared to the pretest visits (47.8%). Overall, more patients vocalized their values and/or preferences in the post test visits compared to the pretest visits for treatment escalation decisions including a choice of 1 new DMARD (90.9% versus 56.3%), 2 or more new DMARDs (95.8% versus 86.4%), as well as prednisone (87.5% versus 66.7%). Providers were also more likely to base their recommendations on patients’ values and/or preferences in the post test (100% of 6 visits) than the pretest (64.3% of 14 visits) phases during visits in which a recommendation was made. The mean ± SD length of the visit was 29.9 ± 11.6 minutes and 25.1 ± 10.7 minutes in the pretest and post test phases, respectively.

Conclusion

This study provides an early indication that a value clarification tool allowing patients to consider a set of preference phenotypes can support shared decision‐making at the point‐of‐care without extending visit time.
Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Al–Al‐Compound Castings by Adapted Heat Treatment
Authors: Schwankl Matthias , Himmler David , Urban Max , Körner Carolin
Published: June 2018

Aluminum–aluminum compound castings consisting of an aluminum wrought alloy sheet and an aluminum casting alloy are produced via high pressure die casting (HPDC). In order to realize a firm bonding, the sheet material is Zn‐coated prior to casting. The task of the Zn‐coating is to replace the resistant aluminum oxide layer on the surface. In addition, a smooth metal–metal interface between the insert and the casting alloy develops by the diffusion of Zn atoms into the surrounding area of the interface. Within this paper, the subsequent heat treatment of the resultant formation is investigated to enhance the strength of the firmly bonded compound. In a first step, heat treatment for two wrought alloys AlZn5.5MgCu, AlCu4MgSi, and the casting alloy AlSi10Mg(Fe) are examined. Based on these results, suitable parameters for the heat treatment of the compounds are selected and tested. Mechanical tests demonstrate a significant enhancement for the strength of the heat treated compounds. Microprobe analysis is used to examine the diffusion and dissolution of the coated Zn at the boundary layer during the solution annealing of the firmly bonded compound.
Over 16.7% Efficiency Organic‐Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with Solution‐Processed Dopant‐Free Contacts for Both Polarities
Authors: He Jian , Wan Yimao , Gao Pingqi , Tang Jiang , Ye Jichun
Published: June 2018

Realization of synchronous improvement in optical management and electrical engineering is necessary to achieve high‐performance photovoltaic device. However, inherent challenges are faced in organic‐silicon heterojunction solar cells (HSCs) due to the poor contact property of polymer on structured silicon surface. Herein, a remarkable efficiency boost from 12.6% to over 16.7% in poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/n‐silicon (PEDOT:PSS/n‐Si) HSCs by independent optimization of hole‐/electron‐selective contacts only relying on solution‐based processes is realized. A bilayer PEDOT:PSS film with different functionalizations is utilized to synchronously realize conformal contact and effective carrier collection on textured Si surface, making the photogenerated carriers be well separated at heterojunction interface. Meanwhile, fullerene derivative is used as electron‐transporting layer at the rear n‐Si/Al interface to reduce the contact barrier. The study of carriers' transport and independent optimization on separately contacted layers may lead to an effective and simplified path to fabricate high‐performance organic‐silicon heterojunction devices.
Water‐Soluble Biocompatible Copolymer Hypromellose Grafted Chitosan Able to Load Exogenous Agents and Copper Nanoclusters with Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Wang Zhenguang , Shi Yu‐e , Yang Xuming , Xiong Yuan , Li Yanxiu , Chen Bingkun , Lai Wing‐Fu , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: June 2018

A water‐soluble, positively charged polymer is obtained by copolymerizing chitosan with hypromellose, and the evaluation of its biocompatibility and the capacity for the loading of exogenous agents is performed. Films based on hypromellose grafted chitosan (HGC) are employed as a matrix to fabricate composite films by dehydration‐triggered aggregation of copper nanoclusters (NCs). The resulting HGC/Cu NC films are transparent and exhibit an aggregation‐induced emission enhancement of copper NCs, with a resulting photoluminescence quantum yield of 42%. The application of these orange emitting films as color converters for fabrication of remote light‐emitting devices is demonstrated.
Solvent‐Controlled Assembly of Aromatic Glutamic Dendrimers for Efficient Luminescent Color Conversion
Authors: Xing Pengyao , Yang Chaolong , Wang Yang , Phua Soo Zeng Fiona , Zhao Yanli
Published: June 2018

A binary supramolecular system where self‐sorting and coassembly behavior can be switched by changing the solvent polarity is hereby reported. Glutamic dendron is separately conjugated with pyrene and naphthalimide luminophores through an alkyl spacer. The resulting structurally similar building units can self‐assemble into one‐dimensional micro/nanostructures with hexagonal and lamellar packing, respectively. Varying solvents from polar aqueous solution to nonpolar decane is evidenced to profoundly inverse the superchirality and switch self‐sorted assembly to coassembly of the two building blocks. The moisture sensitivity of the naphthalimide moiety is considered the primary driving force for the self‐sorting phenomenon in aqueous solution, resulting in inevitable hydration to repel its stacking with hydrophobic pyrene moiety. On the other hand, the naphthalimide unit can integrate segmentally with the pyrene unit in decane, greatly facilitating the nanofiber growth and supramolecular gel formation along with improved energy transfer efficiency between luminophores. As a result, the coassembly‐based thin films show efficient luminescent color conversion upon the UV light irradiation. This research presents a useful route for the fabrication of controllable solution‐processed light emitting devices from self‐assembled multicomponent systems.
Printed Electronics Based on Inorganic Semiconductors: From Processes and Materials to Devices
Authors: Garlapati Suresh Kumar , Divya Mitta , Breitung Ben , Kruk Robert , Hahn Horst , Dasgupta Subho
Published: June 2018

Following the ever‐expanding technological demands, printed electronics has shown palpable potential to create new and commercially viable technologies that will benefit from its unique characteristics, such as, large‐area and wide range of substrate compatibility, conformability and low‐cost. Through the last few decades, printed/solution‐processed field‐effect transistors (FETs) and circuits have witnessed immense research efforts, technological growth and increased commercial interests. Although printing of functional inks comprising organic semiconductors has already been initiated in early 1990s, gradually the attention, at least partially, has been shifted to various forms of inorganic semiconductors, starting from metal chalcogenides, oxides, carbon nanotubes and very recently to graphene and other 2D semiconductors. In this review, the entire domain of printable inorganic semiconductors is considered. In fact, thanks to the continuous development of materials/functional inks and novel design/printing strategies, the inorganic printed semiconductor‐based circuits today have reached an operation frequency up to several hundreds of kilohertz with only a few nanosecond time delays at the individual FET/inverter levels; in this regard, often circuits based on hybrid material systems have been found to be advantageous. At the end, a comparison of relative successes of various printable inorganic semiconductor materials, the remaining challenges and the available future opportunities are summarized.
A Magnetic Heterogeneous Biocatalyst Composed of Immobilized Laccase and 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) for Green One‐Pot Cascade Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazole and Benzoxazole Derivatives under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Mogharabi‐Manzari Mehdi , Kiani Mahshid , Aryanejad Sima , Imanparast Somaye , Amini Mohsen , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali
Published: June 2018

The design of reusable high‐performance heterogeneous catalysts via the immobilization of chemical and biochemical species on magnetic nanoparticles increases the efficiency of catalytic systems by facilitating easy, fast, and clean separation processes. Laccase and 4‐amino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl were separately immobilized on amine functionalized iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticles with covalent bonding using glutaraldehyde as a coupling reagent. The prepared catalyst was used to synthesize 12 benzoxazole and benzimidazole derivatives. The one‐pot, two‐step enzymatic aerobic oxidation reaction included the condensation of in situ‐produced salicylaldehyde derivatives with aromatic amines, followed by an enzymatic dehydrogenation process. Optimal reaction conditions consisted of a citrate buffer (10 mM, pH 4.5) at 40 °C for an incubation time of 10 h and a heterogeneous catalyst containing immobilized laccase (80 mg, 100 U) and immobilized 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) (40 mg, 2 mol%). The catalyst retained more than 85% of its initial activity after 10 runs. In addition to the potential for reuse without significant losses in performance, eco‐friendly attributes of this catalytic system include its high catalytic activity and the ease with which it can be recovered from the reaction mixture using an external magnet.

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Giant Inverse Spin Hall Effect in Bi Doped PtBi Alloy
Authors: Hong Caiyun , Jin Lichuan , Zhang Huaiwu , Li Mingming , Rao Yiheng , Ma Bo , Li Jialu , Zhong Zhiyong , Yang Qinghui
Published: June 2018

For generating or detecting spin currents without ferromagnetic materials in spintronic devices, nonmagnetic materials with large spin Hall angles would elicit extreme interest. A giant inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) generating in Pt doped with 8% Bi by composition is demonstrated. From a combination of ferromagnetic resonance, spin pumping, and ISHE experiments, a large spin current is found induced in an yttrium iron garnet/Pt0.92Bi0.08 bilayer. The spin diffusion length and spin Hall angle of the Pt0.92Bi0.08 alloy are λSD = 3.3 ± 0.1 nm and θSH = 0.106 ± 0.005, respectively. In the experiments, the spin–charge conversion of this alloy is twice that of Pt and is larger than most reported heavy metals. Such enhancement can be attributed to the skew scattering from the high atomic number of Bi impurities via the spin–orbit interaction.