bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Valued Problems Associated with Liquid-Assisted Gas-Lift Processes and its Implication for Production Enhancement
Authors: Fleifel Hazem , Thiberville Caitlyn J. , Kam Seung I.
Published: April 2022

Liquid-assisted gas-lift process (LAGL), a variation of conventional gas lift, is a relatively new technique to improve the productivity of existing wells suffering from liquid loading. Its versatility is especially attractive because modern wells tend to be deeper, often with long horizontal sections, as shown by the examples from offshore and unconventional resources developments. By conducting transient computer simulations in various scenarios (i.e., a wide range of injection conditions for shallow and deep wells), this study aims to gain the fundamental knowledges associated with LAGL and learn how to apply them optimally in the field applications - unloading liquids in the producing wells and, at the same time, reducing the maximum injection pressure (Pinj-max) required.

After determining model parameters from the simulation fit to experimental data and extending the simulations into a wide range of conditions, this study shows the following major findings. First, adding water in the injection stream during LAGL process does not always guarantee a reduction in Pinj-max. Instead, the results support that there is a certain range of injection-condition window (in terms of gas and liquid flowrates (Qg and Qw)) within which the process can effectively reduce the maximum injection pressure (Pinj-max). Second, the presence of such a window associated with a multi-valued problem is caused by the complex multiphase flow behavior, which coincides with the change in flow regimes (i.e., transitioning from mist/annular flow to slug flow). Third, applying the injection condition within the window in field-scale trials may not be necessarily straight forward because the pressure and liquid holdup responses sometimes show oscillatory behaviors (whether cyclic or chaotic) during the process. These oscillatory behaviors occur more easily in deeper wells in which the system allows more time for the injected gas and liquid mixture to get segregated during the downward flow in the annulus. The use of pressure and liquid holdup contours, as implemented in this study, is believed to be a useful means of planning for the LAGL treatments in the field.
High Voltage Cables – A Technology Step
Authors: Iversen Øyvind , Audun Johansen
Published: April 2022

A two-sided marked push for subsea power transmission has taken place in the last 5 years, first initiated by the oil & gas industry's push for subsea electrification, then followed by a desire to reduce the CO2 footprint from oil & gas production throughelectrification of production facilities with power from onshore.

More recently, the dramatic development in offshore wind and especially the floating wind market for clean renewable power results in the same need.

Common for both areas is the need for transmission capability of the electric power at high voltage. Subsea cables for high voltage have existed since the early 20th century, but deep water and dynamic use of cables has, until recently, only been needed in niche areas.

The know-how and experience from the niche areas combined with long-term operational experience for high voltage transmission cables has been a vital factor leading to the development of a qualified solution for deepwater and/or long-distance cabling system which also function in a dynamic situation. The latter is vital for larger offshore wind farms, as well as subsea development.

Electrical insulation systems are grouped as wet or dry, where the latter traditionally has been used for voltage ratings above 52 kV. The traditional solution using lead as a water barrier is not suited for dynamic applications and this paper presents the process of qualifying a new industrial solution for dynamic high voltage cables suited for deep water and/or harsh weather for oil & gas or floating windfarms.

A complete 145 kV dry design cable system has been qualified for dynamic and static use, with factory joints and repair joints making deepwater and/or long-distance transmission capacity possible.

At the same time, qualification of a 72.5 kV wet design cable and factory joint has been completed.

The qualified transmission system consists of a mixture of traditional cable design and a new novel water barrier system for subsea cables. Combining this development with the extended qualification of wet design supports increased power transmission capacity.
Unlocking Resident Underwater Inspection Drones or AUV for Subsea Autonomous Inspection: Value Creation between Technical Requirements and Technological Development
Authors: Mattioli Matteo , Bernini Thomas , Massari Giovanni , Lardeux Mathieu , Gower Andy , De Baermaker Sébastien
Published: April 2022

Post-pandemic fossil fuels volatility, the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources into the energy supply mix, the onset of electrification, digitalization, regulation and commitment towards decarbonization targets as well as the prioritization for environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors is leading offshore operators to tackle the Energy Transition era with new disruptive technologies. The global offshore inspection, repair, and maintenance market size was more than USD 7 billion in 2018 and projected to double in the next 5 years. Almost the total of this market segmentation is operated by conventional offshore support vessels services (typically MSV, PSV operating ROVs) which are mainly fossil fueled, and the remaining, which is only a small portion, is serviced by advanced technologies like USV and AUV.

TotalEnergies has launched a R&D initiative aimed to support the Energy Transition trend, looking at higher degree of automation of subsea inspection services and to explore the value proposition of new disruptive technologies like Resident SubseaDrones for inspection which are anticipated to dominate the next decades. A dedicated study was conducted by Saipem to quantify the value creation via a structured and robust approach, and to highlight the technology needs and gap analysis for future advancement by leveraging on the knowledge of the most advanced subsea robotics systems and field operation procedures.

Within the study, six different cases, distinguished by their status of advancement (from Brown to Green Fields) and by the level of penetration of subsea drones in the architecture, have been analyzed. An engineering process, based on the principles of ISO15663 (i.e. Scoping, Data Collection, Modelling and Reporting/Decisions) was conducted in a pragmatic approach covering the full life cycle costing to steer the conceptual engineering choices that could maximize the value proposition.

The study identified the main technological and economic impacts coming from the adoption of such subsea drones on a current and future Subsea Field exploring the following pillars: i) CAPEX, ii) OPEX, iii) Return of Investment, and iv) CO2 Emissions. Key findings will be presented along with the metrics associated to the emerging vision of an innovative fleet of fully autonomous subsea drones based on the identification of the technical and operative gaps (in terms of missing or immature features). A deployment roadmap will be followed to target the Energy Transition challenges.
Wind Turbines Spacing Guidelines Review and Wake Region Analysis Based on a CFD Simulation of a Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Avila Carlos , Johnson Steven
Published: April 2022

Guidelines for Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) spacing are not consistent. Several authors have proposed different rules of thumb for such spacing in order to find the minimum distance between WTGs while avoiding the wake effects downwind from each unit which would reduce the overall efficiency of a wind farm. There is an economic impact due to WTG spacing as development land (on-shore or off-shore) may be limited in some cases hence benefitting from maximizing the number of WTG units per area while retaining each unit's performance. While WTG spacing may need case-by-case analysis especially for challenging topographies, there is room for improvement on WTG spacing even while using some of the available commercial software.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is an essential tool that can help understand the coupled fluid-WTG interactions as the wind affects turbines blades deformation and stresses, and as the WTG creates a wake region downwind of each unit, so potentially diminishing the performance of other units. A CFD model has been used as a tool to understand the interactions of the wind turbine blades with the wind flow domain and its effects on velocity streams and turbulence decay. The model only includes the effects of the blades, and it assumes that the effects of the tower, nacelle and other components are negligeable.

Results from the CFD model show insights in the development of velocity streamlines from the interaction against the turbine blades and how the streamlines evolve downwind in the near vicinity a few rotor diameters immediately after the WTG location. Additionally, mapping of the eddy viscosity in the same region downwind the WTG, provides information pertinent to the turbulence created by the interaction between the wind and the blades and how this turbulence is dissipated as a function of distance from the WTG until reaching values similar to the upstream and far distance conditions.

The use of CFD, although computationally demanding for simulations of the scale of a wind turbine farm, can provide more details to improve the guidelines and rules of thumb used in the literature by monitoring other fundamental fluid mechanics variables including the eddy viscosity. Improvements on future wind turbine farms spacing criteria should include a combination of experimental data, large-scale modeling and detailed CFD modeling results in the near region downwind of a WTG as each of these approaches may help to achieve a more robust and complete guideline.
From Degradable Shaped Charge Liner to Engineered Seed-Pod for Reforestation: A Journey Towards Sustainability and Natural Resources Stewardship Through Technology Synthesis and Cross-Pollination
Authors: Roy Ting , Ben Naceur Kamel , McDonald Rosemary , Markel Daniel , Harrison Casey , Shelton James , Hall Aaron , Harrison Holden , Harp Leonard , Ardic Hifzi , Wilkinson Christian , Roy Indranil
Published: April 2022

Rapid tree planting can offset the effects of deforestation caused by human activities and natural disasters. This paper outlines our story, a compelling case of crosspollination and energy transition: a journey which starts with designing degradable shaped charge liners for use in reservoir perforation using high entropy nano-Bulk-Metallic-Glass-Composites (HEA/BMGC) and ends with these being synthesized to design drone delivered seed-pods for re-forestation.

As technology innovators in the energy industry, to offset our carbon footprint, we have embraced environment and natural resources stewardship as one of our core values, with a strong focus on conservation and environmental management policies. We believe our wellbeing; thus, success and nature are intimately intertwined. As such, we are committed to contributing, as individuals and as an organization, to a flourishing human-ecological system. This had led to an endeavor to rapidly plant trees through aerial drones to offset the effects of deforestation.

Here we present, our patented seed-pod, a game changer in reforestation. It stems from an environmentally friendly, lightweight, high-strength biodegradable alloy, providing a nurturing environment for seeds to germinate and grow. We are building high-strength, water reactive or degradable shells to house seeds, nutrients, and water and using a drone with a pneumatic gun to launch these into the ground, burying and planting them. Unlike the existing approaches that deposit seeds on the surface, which are frequently consumed by animals or damaged by inclement weather, that guarantee only a 5-10% survival rate, our approach gives a seed the best chance to germinate and thrive.

The industrial potential of this innovative application and its associated technology is enormous. It can be used in any area affected by natural disaster, for example, fires or where reforestation projects are needed. There are 3 trillion trees in the world and 15 billion are removed each year with only 5 billion being replanted. This can also be offer valuable support in areas such as soil erosion with the consequent loss of land mass to oceans and water bodies and additionally to prevent encroachment of deserts into other natural habitats and urban areas.
The Energy Transition: An Opportunity for Technology Development and Deployment to Achieve Impact at Scale
Authors: Joustra Tjerk , Tienhaara Mika , Henry Thomas , Kanestrøm Efraim , Reid David
Published: April 2022

This is an article condensing some of the thoughts from this years’ panelists and moderator about the venture capital view for technology and innovation. The group has vast experience from operations, field development, innovation and disruptive technology, venture capital, startups and scaleups.

There is a huge potential for the oil and gas industry to mould and be part of the charge in the energy transition roadmap. This points squarely at the strengths of the existing energy juggernaut of the O&G industry. whereby our agility, technical prowess and scalability to utilise the offshore environment in the development and utilization of new energy resources.

The O&G sector is in a transformative phase, where Efficiency, Sustainability and Carbon Footprint have a significant focus. Efficiency improvements for existing O&G production (improve recovery with lower cost), utilizing sustainable energy resources (e.g. renewables, electrification, energy storage) and carbon neutrality via Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reductions and Carbon Capture & Underground Storage (CCUS) technologies.
Quality and accreditation in Cellular Therapy
Authors: Magalhaes Gotardo Salvino Bruna , Salvino Marco Aurelio , Kondo Andrea
Published: April 2022

Quality in a Health System  as we know it today can trace its origins back to the early twentieth century, when a number of measures were taken to address great variations in medical education and care. The complexity of haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) as a medical technology and the frequent need for close interaction and interdependence between different services, teams and external providers (donor registries, typing laboratories, etc.) distinguish it from many other medical fields.
The implementation of a Quality Management program with its components including quality control, quality assurance, quality assessment and quality improvement advances the quality of service provided for patients and helps programs to address external threats and internal weaknesses, which could negatively impact services and products. In HCT, different stakeholders have been identifed as holding an interest in ensuring that patients receive quality care: patients and their families, referring physicians, payers, other community healthcare providers, commercial suppliers, regulatory authorities, insurance payers and professional and patient organizations. Evidence does exist for HCT, where studies using European HCT registry data have correlated the different phases of preparation for and achievement of accreditation at centre level with incremental improvements in patient survival and reduction in procedural mortality. It also proves the level of commitment to high-quality measures and monitoring cellular therapy practice and patient care. 
This Manual chapter will deepen the theme of quality in cell therapy, as discussed in the Consensus 2021 of SBTMO, in order to stimulate the development of quality in the centers, as well as to give a north in the proper deployments. We will briefly go through all the steps of the implementation of quality in a Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Center
Preclinical studies using CAR-T cells.
Authors: Preto de Godoy Juliana , Nassif Kerbauy Lucila , Melo Alves Paiva Raquel , Tiemi Kondo Andrea , Keith Okamoto Oswaldo , Bonamino Martín
Published: April 2022

The therapy with genetically modified T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) is a promising strategy for immunotherapy against cancer. CAR-T cells can specifically recognize antigens on the surface of tumor cells and then effectively kill those cells. Several researchers have presented the development of CAR-T cells for various hematological targets and the treatment of solid tumors. Quality control and preclinical evaluation of these products are essential to demonstrate their safety and efficacy and allow development to the clinical trial phase. This chapter will present relevant guidelines regarding pre-clinical research of CAR-T cell products.

Preclinical research on cell therapy products should include in vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamics studies (antitumor activity), pharmacokinetics (proliferation, distribution, and persistence of CAR-T cells in vivo), and animal safety studies.
CAR-T cell production
Authors: Preto de Godoy Juliana , Bonamino Martín , Melo Alves Paiva Raquel , Tiemi Kondo Andrea , Keith Okamoto Oswaldo , Nassif Kerbauy Lucila
Published: April 2022

Cell therapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) is a type of immunotherapy that involves the manipulation and reprogramming of immune cells (T lymphocytes) in order to recognize and kill tumor cells. For use in patients, CAR-T cells must be manufcatured inside a GMP facility according to a established procedure.
Advanced Cell Therapy product release containing CAR-T cells
Authors: Preto de Godoy Juliana , Nassif Kerbauy Lucila , Melo Alves Paiva Raquel , Tiemi Kondo Andrea , Keith Okamoto Oswaldo , Mauro Kutner José
Published: April 2022

Manufacturing of customized gene or cell therapy products  such as CAR-T cells is complex and depends on release tests and exams that can attest to a consistent quality standard for each product. The quality of CAR-T cell products is subject to donor variation, but also includes the manufacturing environment, as well as the quality and availability of materials and reagents. Quality must be carefully monitored and integrated into the manufacturing process.
Collection of lymphocytes by apheresis
Authors: Miranda de Souza Aline
Published: April 2022

The first step in the manufacturing of cell therapy products is the collection of cells from donors or patients. This point should be given special attention by all professionals involved in the development of these therapies because it is critical to guarantee the quality of the final product.   Lymphocytes, especially T-cell lineage, have been used for treatment in a large number of pathologies, including oncological and infectious diseases, especially after approval by regulatory agencies in several countries for the use of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapies (CAR T). This article describes the steps for the procedure of collecting lymphocytes by apheresis, defining indications and contraindications as well as the planning and preparation measures for the procedure.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells cryopreservation and transportation
Authors: De Lima Prata Karen , Tiemi Kondo Andrea
Published: April 2022

Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells have emerged as a treatment option for patients with hematologic malignancies. Usually, their manufacture has been carried out by specialized and centralized laboratories. A useful strategy, which allows a better logistical organization, is the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cryopreservation and transportation. This article aims to discuss the most relevant points related to the PBMC cryopreservation and transportation process. In addition, it proposes a kind of standard operational protocol (SOP) that can be very helpful for the cell processing labs.
Thawing and infusion of CAR-T cell products
Authors: Kondo Andrea Tiemi , Kerbauy Lucila Nassif , Alvarez Kelen Cristina , Oliveira Denise Cristina , Ribeiro Andreza Alice Feitosa , Prata Karen de Lima
Published: April 2022

Some patients with hematologic malignancies may benefit from chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell treatment. Usually, the manufacture of this cells is carried out by centralized and specialized cell therapy laboratories that cryopreserve the CAR-T cells in bags and send it for infusion in the patient treatment center. In this context, the thawing and infusion of the CAR-T cell products are critical steps in this custody chain. This article aims to discuss the most relevant points related with the CAR-T cell thawing and infusion and proposes a kind of standard operational protocol (SOP) for these processes.
Trends of seropositivity and clinical spectra of Toxoplasmosis- A two-year observational study from a tertiary care centre in North India
Authors: Deka Sangeeta , Kalita Deepjyoti , Badoni Gaurav , Badoni Gaurav , Paul Manisha
Published: April 2022

Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is highly prevalent in man and other warm-blooded animals. Most of the affected adults do not manifest any serious illness, but it can cause mental retardation and blindness in congenitally infected children and serious illness in immunocompromised individuals. We aimed to study the disease burden and clinical manifestations of Toxoplasma seropositive patients in the hilly region of North India.
Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study conducted between January-2018 and December-2019.Sera of suspected cases of toxoplasmosis were examined for presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgG and IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody index of >1.1 was interpreted as positive. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records maintained in the department.
Result: Out of 174 included cases, 70 (40.22%) cases showed positivity to both IgG and IgM antibodies. Most of the suspected cases were sent from the Pediatrics department followed by Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ophthalmology and General Medicine. Majority of the patients (45.7%) presented with mild non-specific symptoms like fever, malaise and generalized weakness and lymphadenopathy in 25.7%. Ocular and neurological manifestations were observed in 21.4% and 20% respectively. Other rare presentations were hepatic, cutaneous, pulmonary and endocrine diseases. More than one clinical feature could be found in one patient. Co-infection with HIV and Tuberculosis was found in 8.6% and 5.7% respectively. 20% cases were associated with congenital anomalies; while 18.6% cases were detected in routine anti-natal screening.
Conclusion: Toxoplasmosis is highly prevalent in this hilly region showing wide variety of clinical manifestations. Therefore, prevention and control policies mainly targeting the anti-natal cases are the need of the hour.
Isolation, Optimization and Application of Pigment Producing Bacteria from Soil
Authors: Sanuj Ashitha K , Parveen Sithara
Published: April 2022

Color is the most crucial aspect of any item since it improves its attractiveness and acceptability. Different dyes are available in the market which makes their way to different industries. Synthetic colors are more reliable and less expensive than natural colors, but due to health hazards, few remain prohibited. In dye, food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries, widely use innocuous pigments from microbes. The work focuses on isolating the pigment-producing bacteria from soil and investigate several parameters that influence pigment synthesis. Bio colorant derived from A1 and A2 were applied on cotton fabric with pigment extracted by the solvent method. Different temperature, pH, incubation, and static and shaking conditions were investigated in this study. Biochemical and Molecular analysis identified both isolates A1 and A2 as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and SalinococcusI roseus. This work demonstrated pigment production was good under neutral pH and at shaking conditions. Both isolates showed different incubation times for pigment synthesis. Only Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited antibacterial action against the test pathogens E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
The effect of inoculum size on the activity of different ratios of Ceftriaxone – Sulbactam [(1:1) vs. (2:1)] against ESBL producing organisms
Authors: Maladkar M
Published: April 2022

Background and Objective: Antibiotic resistance has become the most importunate health issue and remains a major public health concern worldwide. Production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) is one of the major causes of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Several in-vitro studies have demonstrated the significant impact of inoculum size on the effectiveness of β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination. Higher concentration of β-lactamase inhibitor (Sulbactam) will be needed to combat the increased production of ESBLs in infections with high inoculum. The primary objective of the present study is to evaluate Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MICs) of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, against Ceftriaxone alone and Ceftriaxone with Sulbactam combination (1:1 and 2:1) in presence of normal and higher inoculum of these bacteria. The secondary objective of the study is to demonstrate the in-vitro efficacy of Ceftriaxone-Sulbactam (CS) in presence of higher inoculum of bacteria. Method: ESBL producing strains of Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, K pneumoniae 30 each) were isolated from patient samples. MIC of Ceftriaxone and Sulbactam alone and in combination (1:1 and 2:1) was determined in presence of both normal (105CFU/ml) and higher inoculum (107CFU/ml) of these bacteria using micro broth dilution method of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resultsand Conclusion: The study finds an inoculum effect with Ceftriaxone. After addition of Sulbactam, MIC value for Ceftriaxone was reduced by 4-128 folds and 2-32 folds in ESBL producing strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae respectively. The findings of the present study demonstrated that CS at 1:1 ratio has better in-vitro activity against ESBL producing strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae than at a 2:1 ratio in both normal bacterial inoculum and higher bacterial inoculum. This is suggestive of the need for the 1:1 ratio combination of Ceftriaxone-Sulbactam in management of severe infections caused by ESBL producing organisms.
TrueNat for COVID-19 detection: An ideal screening option in emergency
Authors: Gautam Neha , Kumar Vipin , . ManjuBala , Kanga Anil
Published: April 2022

Introduction: TrueNat is a chip-based qRT-PCR that shortens the turnaround time and thus helps in prompt diagnosis of COVID-19 and early contact tracing. In tertiary care setups, TrueNat can be utilized in emergency departments to decide the course of management of suspected COVID-19 patients.
Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the TrueNat Beta CoV E gene Screening assay, by comparing it with RT-PCR kits and assessing its utility in emergency setting.
Materials and methods: We analysed nasopharyngeal swabs of 100 patients over a period of 3 months, extracting their RNA and subjecting these to PCR using TrueNat microPCR Beta CoV E gene screening chips and three commercially available ICMR approved RT-PCR kits.
Results: There was 100% concordance among all the kits for the detection of E gene in all the 100 samples. 40 RNAs showed the presence of E gene of which 34 had a positive result for confirmatory genes. (N gene, ORF gene and RdRp gene).
Conclusion: TrueNat Beta CoV E gene screening assay is beneficial as it has comparable sensitivity and specificity to the RT-PCR kits for detection of E gene.
MODIFICATION OF CHITOSAN BY GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION
Authors: Yeritsyan Mejlum L. , Аrustamyan Аrmen M. , Mavisakalyan Valentina M. , Sirekanyan Inessa M. , Tsarukyan Samvel V.
Published: April 2022

The interaction of N-monomethylol urea with maleic anhydride is studied. The product of this reaction forms an oligomeric monomer by condensation with chitosan. This oligomeric monomer has a capacity of copolymerization in aqueous media with other soluble monomers such as acrylic acid forming crosslinked water-swelling copolymer. The products obtained in mentioned above reactions were investigated by IR-spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
STUDY OF PERMEABILITY OF FISH SKIN
Authors: Parsadanyan Marine A. , Mikaelyan Marieta S.
Published: April 2022

Skin permeability of Sevan trout has been studied during 30 min in different solutions: in distilled water, in 70% ethanol, in solution of 0.125 M KCl. The permeability was measured by methylene blue. It was shown that the skin permeability for this dye changes depending in what solution these shreds of Sevan trout were kept and from which side the shred was tightened. It was also shown that distilled water, solution of 0.125 M KCl and ethanol cause structural changes in the skin layers of the Sevan trout, in particular the epidermis.
BIOMASS AND BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY $ESCHERICHIA~COLI$ UPON CONSUMPTION OF MEAT INDUSTRY AND LIGNOCELLULOSIC CORN WASTES MIXTURE
Authors: Blbulyan Syuzanna S. , Mirzoyan Satenik N. , Trchounian Karen A. , Poladyan Anna A.
Published: April 2022

Physicochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic corn fruit wastes (husk, shank, stalk) has been done. E. coli K12 growth, ORP kinetics, and H2 production were followed upon utilization of corn waste hydrolysates (CWH) separately and their mixture. During the bacterial log growth phase with the decrease of medium pH the readings of Pt electrode from positive to low negative values (~ –450±10 mV) were observed, with the yield ~ 0.75 mmol H2 /L and 0.29 bacterial cell dry weight g/L biomass in CWH based medium. Meat (chicken wastes) broth supplementation ~2 fold enhanced both E. coli biomass formation and H2 production on CWH mixture.
THE ETHANOL INDUSTRY WASTE AS A VALUABLE FEEDSTOCK FOR HYDROGEN PHOTOPRODUCTION BY GREEN ALGAE $CHLORELLA~VULGARIS$
Authors: Manoyan Jemma G. , Gabrielyan Lilit S.
Published: April 2022

Green algae are promising objects of biotechnology due to their high growth rates and the ability to produce biologically active compounds. Moreover, green algae are able of generating biohydrogen (H2), which is of interest in biofuels technology. In this study an application of distillers grains with solubles (DGS), the main waste generated during ethanol production, as a feedstock for enhancing the yield of H2 in green alga Chlorella vulgaris IBCE C-19 was investigated. The results obtained showed the possibility of using of this waste as a valuable source of natural biological compounds in H2 production.
THE ROLE OF THIOL GROUPS IN THE EXPRESSION OF THE ACTIVITY OF ARGINASE I AND II ISOENZYMES
Authors: Iskandaryan Meri K. , Barseghyan Ernestina Kh.
Published: April 2022

There are some aspects of the proteins «self-organization» that are not well studied, understanding the relationship between conformational folding linked with the formation of a disulfide bond is important and challenging from both biophysical and biochemical perspectives. In the studies, an attempt was made to elucidate the role of thiol groups in maintaining of native conformation and activity of arginase I and II of various organ origins. It was identified that depending on the stage of enzyme reactivation and the stability of the conformational state of the formed oligomers, para-chloromercuribenzoate affects the «self-organized» oligomers in different ways.
PECULIARITIES OF GROWTH PARAMETERS OF $SACCHAROMYCES~CEREVISIAE$ UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS
Authors: Shirvanyan Anahit H. , Mirzoyan Satenik N. , Trchounian Karen A.
Published: April 2022

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an essential component of human civilization because of its extensive use in food industry. At the point of industrial usage it is very important to get large amount of biomass but many factors causes yeast's viability loss and death. The aim of this work was to study the peculiarities of growth parameters – specific growth rate (SGR, μ, growth yield) of S. cerevisiae wine and beer strains under different external conditions, as well as pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) changes during growth. It was shown that under aerobic cultivation, the conditions 30℃ and pH 6.5 are more favorable for the growth of 2 strains (ATCC 9804, μ = 0.398; ATCC 13007, μ = 0.407), where they can enhance the biomass, and under microaerobic conditions the pH 5.0 and 37℃ are more favorable (ATCC 9804, μ = 0.35; ATCC 13007, μ = 0.436). During aerobic conditions, lower ORP values are established which did not depend on growth temperature and external pH. Under microaerobic conditions until the establish¬ment of the stationary phase (24 h) pH dependent changes of ORP were established. Obtained results will help to clarify the biochemical, biophysical and bioenergetic phenomena of yeast survival that can enhance the biomass growth and yield and thus applied industrial scale.
USEFUL AND HARMFUL PROPERTIES OF AGARICOID BASIDIOMYCETES OF THE SHIKAHOGH STATE RESERVE
Authors: Nanagulyan Siranush G. , Margaryan Lusine V. , Hovhannisyan Yeva Kh. , Shahazizyan Iren V.
Published: April 2022

As a result of studying the biota of the agaricoid basidiomycetes of the Shikahogh State Reserve, 148 species of fungi are found, from which 97 species are edible, 48 species – poisonous and 52 species have medicinal properties. Мacromycetes have great potential for use in medicine and economy.
INVESTIGATION OF AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF SOME MOSSES GATHERED FROM ARMENIA
Authors: Semerjyan Gajane H. , Semerjyan Inessa H.
Published: April 2022

Bryophytes are rich in a variety of secondary biological active compounds, thus provide a great potential for biotechnological and biopharmaceutical applications. Bryophytes contain potentially useful natural products, including polysaccharides terpenoids, lipids, amino acids and phenylpropanoids. Bryophytes isolated compounds and extracts have cytotoxic, antimicrobial activities. The result of our research indicate the presence in the extracts of bryophytes collected in Armenia, the entire spectrum of amino acids, especially essential ones. Also revealed in some species a certain amount of nitrogen – 840 mg/g, which indicates a more intensive synthesis of nonessential amino acids. The results obtained can be used in medicine, pharmacology.
DEVELOPMENT OF A RAPID AND EFFICIENT METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE IMPURITY BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IN METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE, LOSARTAN POTASSIUM, VALSARTAN AND RANITIDINE MEDICINAL RAW MATERIALS AND ITS PRODUCTS
Authors: Kirakosyan Virab G. , Vardapetyan Samvel M. , Varderesyan Lusine H. , Tsaturyan Avetis H.
Published: April 2022

In this study, chromatographic conditions were developed for the separation and quantification of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) by HPLC. Our method would be useful for the rapid screening and quantification of NDMA impurity in Metformin hydrochloride, Losartan potassium, Valsartan and Ranitidine drugs substance and its products. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm, 5 µm, 4.6 mm) by multistep gradient elution, using a water-acetonitrile mobile phase containing 0.1% formic acid, which provided better c hromatographic separation. Column temperature was maintained at 30℃; mobile phase flow rate: 1 mL/min; wavelength: 254 nm; and injection volume of 20 μL.
PEMANFAATAN MICMAC CARD DAN WORD SQUARE DALAM PEMBELAJARAN EKONOMI SMA: EFEKTIVITAS DAN RESPONS PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Ariyanti
Published: April 2022

Banyaknya materi, konsep, grafik, kurva dan perhitungan matematis menjadi keluhan utama peserta didik pada pembelajaran ekonomi. Suasana pembelajaran yang monoton dan cenderung pasif semakin menyulitkan peserta didik dalam membedakan konsep dan memahami materi. Strategi pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan di atas adalah penggunaan media kartu (card) MicMac dan Word Square yang dipadukan dengan permainan (games). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan dan menguji efektivitas MicMac Card dan Word Square di kelas X. Penelitian menggunakan model riset dan pengembangan (R & D) Borg and Gall yang dikombinasikan dengan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa MicMac Card dan Word Square dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar, serta respons dan minat peserta didik.
PENINGKATAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TOPI PINTAR
Authors: Nurhayati
Published: April 2022

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif topi pintar dan mengetahui bagaimana model pembelajaran tersebut dapat meningkatkan keaktifan belajar matematika siswa Kelas XI IPA.6 SMA N 15 Palembang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2014/2015 dengan sampel sebanyak 34 siswa. Aktivitas yang diamati adalah ketika siswa mengerjakan soal, mengajukan pertanyaan, menanggapi pertanyaan, presentasi dan memberikan solusi. Terdiri dari dua siklus yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif topi pintar dapat meningkatkan keaktifan belajar matematika siswa kelas XI IPA.6 SMA N 15 Palembang TP 2014/2015. Guru dapat mengembangkan model pembelajaran kooperatif topi pintar ini baik pada mata pelajaran matematika maupun mata pelajaran yang lain.
Pashto poetry and drones: the necromaniac mutations of tapey
Authors: Ashraf Syed Irfan , Farooq Muhammad
Published: April 2022

The material consequences of the US-led “war on terror” in Pakistan are always counted in statistical terms, that is, the number of casualties in drone strikes or suicide bombings. Little attention, however, is paid to the local public imagination to know how the ordinary people consume this everyday destruction and what kind of cultural production it ensures that shapes and inspires their imagination. In this study, therefore, we discuss the way systemic violence and cultural expression reinforce each other and how such an uneasy configuration depicts the pain and injury of people affected by this global war. We examine a purposive sample of Pashto tapey--anonymous couplets attributed to Pashtun women and conventionally reflecting war, valour, grief, longing, and love--to gain an insight into how this folk literature engages militarized violence, embraces the political and ideological challenges of the war, and reveals the hidden power contestation between actual militarization and symbolic representation. A close reading of these tapey depicts that Pashtun life is not only subjected to a rule of death, what Mbembe calls, “necropolitics” but these tapey create its own necrospace in local enunciative and cultural practices, thus reinforcing militarised violence in a cultural sphere.
Bioluminescent Pavilion: Temporary Architecture Provides Lighting
Authors: Fiamegkou Theodora , Dounas Theodoros
Published: April 2022

The present study will evolve around the design of a pavilion located at key points in the Aberdeen city. The structure will provide low intensity lighting using bioluminescent organisms on its inner and outer surface. For the creation of the design, computational design techniques will be employed, based on mesh sphere geometries, honeycomb patterns and organic forms of root system. By defining parameters and relations, we can design in a flexible environment that allows us to test several form options in a fraction of time compared to the traditional design approach.
The Structural Logic of the Brain’s Representation of Space: How Studies in Rodents can Inform Architectural Design for Humans
Authors:   University College London, Jeffery Kate
Published: April 2022

Architects design buildings for humans to use, and as such, it is relevant to consider how it is that we internally represent space, because this highlights factors that should be prioritised in design. Recent discoveries in neuroscience, made by studying the neural activity patterns in rodents, have uncovered a spatial mapping system that is recruited when physically moving around in a space. This system evidently exists in humans too. The core of the system is formed by sets of neurons that seem to be sensitive to, or “encode”, fundamental aspects of space including the location of the agent within it and its facing direction, how far it is away from the borders and the identity and overall structural symmetry of the space itself. Study of how these neurons adjust their activity when these aspects of the space, or of the subject within it, are changed has yielded insights about how space is mapped. One of the oddest findings has been that – all other things being equal – the fundamental metric structure of this “cognitive map” is hexagonal. In this paper I outline the basics of the cognitive mapping system, describe the properties that have emerged from studying it in rats and mice, and then consider how these might influence architectural design for humans.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ LEARNING EXPERIENCES OF ONLINE ENGLISH LEARNING DURING PANDEMIC
Authors: Khoirunnisaa Puput
Published: April 2022

Senior high school students have to take English subjects since it is essential in senior high school in Indonesia. However, due to CoVID-19 outbreaks, all activities are stopped, including the Educational Institution, which is forced every school to shift from face-to-face learning to online English learning. This situation leads students to experiences a lot of new things during the learning process. It does not only lead to generating various experiences but also various problems as well. This study was conducted at Senior High School in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. The main aim of the study was to explore the most useful online learning platform for learning English and to investigate the students’ learning experiences in terms of the technological devices used for online English learning, the quality of online English learning, and the issues regarding online English learning during COVID-19 pandemic. This study used the quantitative research method to get numerical data. In this research, online-administered questionnaires were used to gather data. The finding indicated that the most useful online learning platform is Google Classroom. However, the students also experienced some issues regarding learning material, time management, enthusiasm, study environment, assignments, and internet access and technology accessibility.
Kajian Lafal Yang Dii'tibarkan Dengan Kekuatan Makna Dari Dalil-Dalilnya (Al-Lafzubi I'tibari Quwwati Dilalatihi 'Ala Al-Ma'na) Zhahir Dalalah (Zhahir Dan Nash)
Authors: Fachmi Muhammad , Sardiyanah
Published: April 2022

This study aims to examine the pronunciation that is implied by the strength of the meaning of the arguments. The research method used is the library research method. The data collection method used is the method of observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used is content analysis. To maintain the accuracy of the assessment and prevent misinformation in data analysis, inter-library checks and re-reading of the literature, as well as attention to the supervisor's comments, are carried out. The results of this study are the elaboration of the theoretical basis and practice of counselling as a whole including 1) Mujetahid's opinion about ijtihad, 2) The concept of zahir and nash pronunciation, 3) the concept and purpose of zahir and texts, 4) Ulama about the existence of zahir and texts, 5) results of research on zahir and nash
Awal Dakwah dan Historisitas Pra Islam Arabia
Authors: Syaepu Indra Latif , Sauki M.
Published: April 2022

This article deals with the history of pre-Islam Arabia. It talks about, politics, economics, cultures and religions. It tries to explore the situation of the civilization which was decline, while the civilization of Arab rise up. Most of Arabia is the victim of natur amaligna. The geological process is responsible for its shape and outline, a huge quadric lateral placed between two continents. At the time, trading, breeding and farming was most populer in society south arabia and north-arabia, but in Hijaz (Mecca) was impossible because the area is wiped out. They believed on paganism, because Judism and Cristianity were not popular
Konstruksi Berita Penyelidikan Kasus Suap Harun Masiku
Authors: Abdurahman Maman , Yanti Afriyah Erma
Published: April 2022

In this analysis, the researcher uses the framing model from Pan and Kosiciki which is a modification of the operational dimensions of van Dijk's discourse analysis. The framing analysis model owned by Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki is considered to offer framing analysis with a more comprehensive coverage. This framing model studies at least the framing device divided into four major structures. First, syntactic structure; second, the script structure; third, the thematic structure; fourth, rhetorical structure. Using the framming analysis method, related to the news regarding the investigation into the harun masiku bribery case presented by the online media detik.com, the writer finds the conclusion that detik.com highlights certain aspects in constructing the incident. The aspect that is highlighted is regarding the people who are allegedly involved in the case where the PAW bribery is not traced, namely Harun Masiku. The online media detik.com only features one person, namely Yasonna Laoly as Minister of Law and Human Rights. Whereas in this case it was not only Yasonna who deserved suspicion, but also the Director General of Immigration and also people who were in the PAW bribery circle
MERAJUT NILAI KEBHINNEKAAN DENGAN DEEN SALAM SEBAGAI BENTUK RELIGUOUS JOB FOR EDUCATION PEACE DITAHUN POLITIK
Authors: Sauki M. , Syaepu Indra Latif
Published: April 2022

Formulating da'wah as a form of actualization of faith that is manifested in an activity is one of the methods or strategies a person uses to convey the message or teaching message. Formulating da'wah can be done in various ways and can use any media, including song lyrics and music. Several years ago, the Indonesian people were shocked by a song performed by Nisya Sabiyan entitled Deen Salam. This song appears right in the midst of community unrest, community divisions or it can be said that Indonesia is experiencing a crisis of harmony. In the song's lyrics, there is a philosophical meaning of the meaning of peace, which is indirectly "religion that carries the message of peace