bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Activity аs Legal Institution
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kuzmina Е.О.
Published: March 2023

In article modern problems of legal regulation of innovative activity in the Russian Federation are considered. The author proves the position according to which there are all necessary theoretical preconditions considering innovative activity as interbranch institution of the Russian law.
Activity of Qualifying Boards of Judges as Bodies of Judicial Community with Participation of Representatives of the Public
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Lipchanskaya M.A.
Published: March 2023

Article is devoted consideration of such form of participation of citizens of the Russian Federation in judicial authority activity as representation in qualifying boards of judges. The author analyzes legal regulation, dynamics of powers and practical activities of the given bodies of judicial community from a position of maintenance of the constitutional principle of publicity and public participation.
A Review of Soft Electronic Devices Based on Flexible and Stretchable Materials for Cardiac Monitoring
Authors: Sung Minkyung
Published: March 2023

Purpose of the study: The number one killer, cardiovascular disease, has sharply increased in recent years. For early diagnosis and prevention, continuous cardiac monitoring is crucial, and flexible, stretchable electronic devices have become essential instruments to record cardiac activity. Bioelectronics has greatly improved from recent developments in soft, ultrathin bioelectronics that have been made possible by breakthroughs in soft materials and novel device designs.

Methodology: This study focuses on flexible and stretchable materials as well as design strategies for current developments in soft electronics-based wearable and implantable devices for cardiac monitoring.

Main Findings: The mechanical deformability in soft bioelectronics has enabled researchers to obtain high-quality bio-signals and reduce long-term negative effects in vivo. They provide close, long-term integration with cardiac tissues due to their thin and soft characteristics, allowing for continuous, high-quality, and wide coverage in cardiac monitoring.

Applications of this study: This review is anticipated to provide timely and significant information for prospective audiences in the fields of material science and biomedical engineering, who seek a concise summary of key technologies, as well as biomedical fields who may be interested in the clinical implications of soft bioelectronics for cardiac healthcare.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The materials, fabrication techniques, and device designs for flexible and stretchable electronics are reviewed with a particular emphasis on flexible and soft materials.
The possible effects of COVID-19 on the human reproductive system
Authors: DAĞDEVİREN Tuğba , YOLCU Hatice Kübra
Published: March 2023

Spike surface glycoprotein and small envelope matrix-nucleocapsid proteins, is from the Coronaviridae family and binds to host receptors via spike surface proteins. Although it shows its symptoms especially on the respiratory tract, various studies have been carried out considering that it also affects other systems in the body. For the virus to enter the host cell, it must bind to ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2). ACE2 is a key protein involved in balancing Ang I and Ang II levels. With receptors such as TMPRSS2 (transmembrane serine protease 2), the effects of the virus on the human reproductive system are much better understood. Since human germ cells and early embryos express ACE2, there is a potential risk of the Coronavirus associated with germ cells. Studies show that the coronavirus changes the amount and density of hormones in the human reproductive system. The fact that most of the partners of 35 female patients who had SARS-CoV-2 in the studies were infected individuals suggests that sexual transmission may be possible. It was determined that TMPRSS4, Cathepsin B and L, FURIN, MX1 and BSG gene expressions were high in the menstrual cycle, while ACE 2 and TMPRSS2 were moderately expressed. It has been shown that the ACE2 enzyme is most intensely expressed is the testes. Studies have shown that sperm DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fragmentation, changes in hormone levels and the formation of anti-sperm antibodies are an important cause of male infertility. Infected men have been found to have an impaired spermatogenesis. This rewiew; it aims to draw attention to the possible effects of the corona virus on the human reproductive system and to reveal new mechanisms for new research to be done.
Rail trails and housing values: A longitudinal study
Authors: Gross Alina , Bristow Robert S.
Published: March 2023

Greenways are recognized as an essential tool to build sustainable communities. An example in the United States are the rail trails where decommissioned rail corridors are being improved to provide the benefits of non-motorized transportation systems for recreation and exercise, and the daily commute to school, work and shopping. Yet despite these benefits some still argue the presence of the rail trail as a NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard). To address this argument, we calculate the economic benefit to homeowners living in proximity to rail trails over a ten year period to observe the dramatic changes in value over time. It was hypothesized that there would be a change in housing values based on proximity to greenways. This article will begin with an overview and a literature review on research related to greenways and home values, describe the context of this particular case study in the Pioneer Valley of Western Massachusetts, United States, provide an overview of the methods employed for the calculations and analysis, and conclude with some reflections and the potential limitations that should be considered for undertaking future research on this topic.
Sport jako zjawisko polityczno-tożsamościowe na Litwie w XX wieku. Działalność Michała Sienkiewicza na Wileńszczyźnie
Authors: Jung Rafał
Published: March 2023

Artykuł traktuje o roli sportu w budowaniu i podtrzymywaniu tożsamości narodowej w skomplikowanych warunkach etniczno-politycznych. Rzecz dotyczy historii Litwy w XX wieku, gdzie relacje między zamieszkującymi ten obszar Litwinami i Polakami w dużej mierze określał polsko-litewski spór o przynależność Wileńszczyzny z okresu międzywojennego. Odmienne tradycje sportowe przyczyniły się do zachowania odrębności narodowej obu nacji w okresie sowieckiego zniewolenia, jednocześnie sukcesy sportowe Litwinów w latach 1947–1988, zwłaszcza koszykarzy w ramach ekip reprezentujących Związek Sowiecki, stanowiły element ich emancypacji politycznej. Doprowadził on wraz z innymi czynnikami do odzyskania niepodległości przez Litwę i jednocześnie warunkował potrzebę zdefiniowania na nowo stosunków między Litwinami i Polakami na Litwie. Sport odgrywał w tym procesie zazwyczaj rolę łączącą obie społeczności. Zaświadcza o tym postać Michała Sienkiewicza, sportowca, później niezwykle aktywnego działacza na rzecz sportu Polaków na Wileńszczyźnie, uczestnika życia sportowego w czasach sowieckich, między innymi sędziego lekkoatletycznego podczas legendarnego dla Polaków konkursu skoku o tyczce z udziałem Władysława Kozakiewicza, odbywającego się w ramach Igrzysk XXII Olimpiady w Moskwie w 1980 r. W okresie zaś wznoszenia fundamentów litewskiej niepodległości – inicjatora i uczestnika odbudowy Litewskiego Narodowego Komitetu Olimpijskiego i polskiego Towarzystwa Gimnastycznego „Sokół” na Litwie.
“WE-PRACTICES WILL HELP BUILDING OUR NNETs IDENTITIES”: STUDENT TEACHERS’ WE-AWARENESS
Authors: Saha Mili
Published: March 2023

The research explores Bangladeshi student teachers’ perceptions about World Englishes (WE) and integrating them into the instructional process. It analyses the teacher learners’ attitudes towards the standard and local varieties of English as a learning goal. Data were obtained from 148 teacher learners pursuing masters in applied linguistics & ELT at a public university. A survey consisting of two demographic and four Likert scale items were used to collect quantitative data on the participants’ WE-awareness. Six respondents participated in the online semi-structured interviews to inform about their perceived values and roles of World Englishes in EFL pedagogies. Results show the student teachers are unaware of WE and its increasing acceptance worldwide. Many participants hold exonormativity about the traditional British varieties despite supporting the integration of local English types in the classrooms. However, having attended a WE-awareness session before interviews, the respondents acknowledge about an impractical and invisible colonial impact on teachers’ mindsets. WE-awareness can promote the use and acceptance of local varieties by constructing the non-native English teachers (NNETs) and ELLs’ identities. Effects of gender and curricula on these perceptions have also been observed. The research calls for integrating WE-awareness into the university teacher preparation curricula to decolonize those.
TADAKHUL AL-LUGOH AL-UMM ‘ALĀ AL LUGOH AL-AJNABIYAH FI AL MUHĀDATSAH LADA AT-TALAMIDZ BI MA’HAD NUR AL-HIDĀYAH TANGERANG
Authors: Hasaniyah Nur , Mahyudin Erta , Midi Utin Candra
Published: March 2023

This research aims to describe the types of language interference occurred in Nour Al-Hedaya boarding school, to reveal the description of the main factors that occur in the language and the efforts made to overcome the language interference. The research is a qualitative and the methods used to collect the data are observation, interview and documentation. The results of this research are: 1) The types of conversational interference in pupils of Noor Al-Hedaya boarding school are phonemic interference 35, 5%, grammatical interference 57%, pure interference 50%, vocabulary interference 60%, and stereotypical interference 47%; 2) The factors that cause interference in the mother tongue in a foreign language are phonemic and individual interference, grammatical interference, pure interference, stylistic interference; and 3). The efforts to overcome interference are divided into two parts, they are internal effort and external effort. The research summary had an average of over 50% of language intervention of almost all of the types.
CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS: COLLOCATION OF NETIZENS’ WORDS IN INDONESIAN NEWS IN 2020
Authors: Sumiyati Neng , Fauziyah Ely , Basid Abdul
Published: March 2023

Netizens or internet citizens are defined as people who are active in online communities by being involved in several online forums or social media. In online media in Indonesia, netizens are often referred to as a group of the most righteous. This term is included in word collocation or word matching related to netizens. This study aims to describe the collocation of netizen words in Indonesian news in 2020. This research is a mixed method study. The primary data source of this study is news data contained in the corpus, namely Leipzig Corpora Collection. The results of this corpus-based research found that there are two types of collocations of netizen words in the Indonesian news in 2020. First, collocation of noun + adjective consists of the words curious, excited, very excited, envious, furious, amazed, excited, suspicious, concerned, and worried. Second, adjective + noun collocation consists of many, few, excited, angry, exciting, evil, negative, crowded, funny, furious, suddenly, excited, funny, surprised.
PENGARUH KEBIASAAN BELAJAR DAN MINAT BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI SISWA MTs. ALMAARIF 01 SINGOSARI
Authors: Mariani Alfa Aulia , Hidayat Imam Wahyu
Published: March 2023

The aims of this study were to: 1) determine the effect of study habits on student achievement; 2) knowing the effect of interest in learning on student achievement; and 3) determine the effect of study habits and interest in learning on student achievement. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational type. The population in this study were class VIII students, totaling 358 students with a total sample of 189 students. The technique of collecting data on study habits and interest in learning is in the form of distributing questionnaires, while learning achievement is obtained through documentation of even semester PTS scores. The data analysis technique used included multiple linear regression analysis, T test, and F test. The results showed that 1) there was no effect between study habits on student achievement (p=0.610 > α=0.05); 2) there is an influence between learning interest on student achievement (p=0.003 < α=0.05); and 3) there is an influence between students' learning habits and students' learning interest on student achievement (p=0.003 > α=0.05).

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk: 1) mengetahui pengaruh kebiasaan belajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa; 2) mengetahui pengaruh minat belajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa; dan 3) mengetahui pengaruh kebiasaan belajar dan minat belajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII yang berjumlah 358 siswa dengan jumlah sampel 189 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data kebiasaan belajar dan minat belajar berupa penyebaran angket, sedangkan prestasi belajar diperoleh melalui dokumentasi nilai PTS semester genap. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi analisis regresi linear berganda, Uji T, dan Uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) tidak terdapat pengaruh antara kebiasaan belajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa (p=0,610 > α=0,05); 2) terdapat pengaruh antara minat belajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa (p=0,003 < α=0,05); dan 3) terdapat pengaruh antara kebiasaan belajar siswa dan minat belajar siswa terhadap prestasi belajar siswa (p=0,003 > α=0,05).
Infezione disseminata da Mycobacterium avium complex con batteriemia persistente in un paziente AIDS-presenter.
Authors: Mezzadri et al. Luca
Published: March 2023

Negli ultimi decenni, l’incidenza di casi AIDS-presenter è calata drasticamente grazie alla diffusione della terapia antiretrovirale e al suo utilizzo sempre più precoce. Fra le patologie opportunistiche associate all’AIDS, l’infezione disseminata da micobatteri non tubercolari rappresenta una grave complicanza.
La presentazione clinica aspecifica, così come il difficile work-up diagnostico, possono ritardarne il riconoscimento e il successivo avvio della terapia. Ad oggi, nonostante efficaci terapie anti-micobatteriche, il fattore determinante per il successo della terapia è rappresentato dall’immuno-ricostituzione conseguente alla introduzione di una terapia antiretrovirale efficace.
Il caso qui descritto rappresenta un esempio di infezione di difficile trattamento con coinvolgimento midollare, esordito come sospetta patologica ematologica.
Decomposition of Data Management Processes in Configuration Management DataBase (CMDB)
Authors: Kanaev Andrey , Login Elina , Pudovkina Kseniya
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Data decomposition and classification development for the management of telecommunication network configurations and for the formation of such data management process set with the use of special database which basis on, the formation of requirements for database subsystem projection given the consistency of data about a control object and the system capabilities for this object management. Systematization of configuration data, of configuration element attributes as well as their logical consistency with the processes of the control and management of a state in promising management system subsystems. Methods: Fundamentals of complex process management theory, information storage and presentation system theory, object-oriented projection methods, decomposition method for representing process logic and data analysis about control object as well as theoretic-set approach for describing data set. Results: Decomposition of the tasks has been obtained which are realized by the components of telecommunication network configuration management special database; data sets about configuration elements have been formed. The requirements for promising control system subsystem that embodies the functionality of special database for telecommunications network configuration element management have been presented. Trends for further research in the direction to develop algorithms and models of telecommunication network configuration management with the help of special database have been proposed. Practical significance: The obtained decomposition and classification of data for telecommunication network configuration management is characterized by unique approach and dedication to telecommunication network management system subsystem logical structure, required for promising projection, as well as allows to formulate requirements for modeling the processes of telecommunication network configuration element management.
Exploration of Cyclic Crack Resistance of Steel of Molten Load-Bearing Parts for Freight Cars
Authors: Danilenko Denis , Efimov Viktor , Chernov Vladimir
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Carrying out complex experimental studies of cyclic crack resistance of molten steel which is used for load-bearing parts of freight wagon running systems with kinetic diagram building for fatigue failure. Methods: Method of mechanical testing of molten steel samples under cyclic loading conditions was applied, the method makes it possible to obtain quantitative estimates of stuff ability to resist fatigue failure on the stage of fatigue crack development (testing on cyclic crack resistance). To study the surface of fatigue failure, relief micrographic analysis was used. To study molten steel elemental composition and the mechanisms of fatigue crack development, X-ray micro-spectral analysis was used on fatigue failure various stages. Results: The results of the research of cyclic crack resistance of 20 GL molten steel, which is used for load-bearing parts of freight cars, are presented. Fatigue failure kinetic diagram has been built, detailed micrographic analysis of fatigue failure surface has been carried out and elemental composition of non-metallic inclusions has been studied. Practical significance: Based on the research results, it is possible to assess the performance of 20 GL steel with cracks and to predict survivability. The results obtained make it possible to improve the methods of resource projection of molten bearing parts for freight wagon running systems in order to increase their operational reliability. The research results are used by enterprises - manufacturers of molten parts to control technology stability and to improve product quality.
Survival strategies and stigma against the poor in the 1001 Malam community in Surabaya City
Authors: Imami Teguh
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to determine how the poor community in the 1001 Malam settlement, Surabaya, live their daily lives. Most settlers coming from villages and settling in cities (urbanization) are forced to become poor people who live under bridge tolls. Qualitative research was used to describe the lives of the settlers where the researchers interviewed 12 research subjects. This study employed the theory of symbolic interactionism proposed by George Herbert Mead, the theory of marginality proposed by Robert Park, and the theory of Stigma proposed by Erving Goffman. The results of this study indicate that settlers have a distinct sense of self and identity compared to residents of Surabaya City in general. Settlers define themselves as poor, uneducated, and without access to resources so they must work on the side to make ends meet. This study concludes that the settlers’ survival strategy is to work as buskers, beggars, scavengers, hawkers, and laborers. These informal jobs make poor communities stigmatized as criminals, poor, uneducated, and slum dwellers.
Assessing the impact of the military coup on families in Sagaing Region: A case study of house burnings in Myanmar
Authors: Hlaing Thandar
Published: March 2023

The military coup in Myanmar triggered a notorious uprising and subsequent armed conflict, resulting in military forces killing and imprisoning protesters, as well as setting fire to houses. This study employs a qualitative approach and uses James Scott’s survival mechanism theory to analyze the hardships experienced by families in fire-damaged villages in the Sagaing region. Our findings reveal that military forces carried out targeted attacks and burned down houses, particularly in villages that supported the People’s Defense Forces, leading to significant suffering among the local population. Families who were victims of this arson faced a host of challenges, including the loss of their homes and possessions, leaving them to seek shelter in the forest or makeshift tents, as well as food insecurity and a lack of access to medical care. Furthermore, many became unemployed as farming production costs were unaffordable and their children were unable to attend school. We highlight the urgent need for international humanitarian aid to address the dire situation faced by families whose homes were burned down by the military in Sagaing Region, Myanmar.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in cucumber plants inoculated with Trichoderma strains (Hypocreaceae) in the Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo, Mexico
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica de Francisco I. Madero, Ortíz Ana María , Hernández Nataren Edith ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Lara Viveros Francisco ,   Centro de Investigaci´ón en Química Aplicada, Granados Echegoyen Carlos Alejandro ,   Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Landero Valenzuela Nadia ,   Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Andrade Hoyos Petra ,   Instituto  de  Investigaciones  Forestales,  Agrícolas  y  Pecuarias,  Campus  Experimental  Zacatepec.
Published: March 2023

In the Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo, Mexico, wastewater is often used in agricultural systems which have caused negative environmental effects, such as edaphic heavy metal pollution. Consequently, plants in the area begin to absorb heavy metals. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride strains on bioaccumulation of Pb, Cd and Cr in inoculated cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus). The soil used in this study contains Pb, Cd and Cr (34.63, 0.24, and 32.32 mg/kg, respectively). In Trichoderma root colonization, the highest measurement was Trichoderma harzianum (100 %). The cucumber plants translocated Pb, Cr, and Cd to their fruits and leaves. Concentrations of Pb and Cd were higher in the basal leaves of the cucumber plant, whereas Cr was more concentrated in the cucumber fruits. Pb was not found in the cucumber skin. For Cd concentration in the skin, the T. harzianum and T. viride treatments at 2.34 × 106 and 2.34 × 106 CFU/mL, respectively, resulted in a 20.2 % reduction of this metal. Trichoderma, with 2.34 × 106 CFU/mL, had the lowest concentration of Cr in the pulp (5.572 mg/kg). No differences were found in metal concentrations in the skin or leaves.
Detection of Meteoritic Amino Acids in Extremely Small Sample Sizes: Implications for Sample Return Missions
Authors: Potiszil Christian , Yamanaka Masahiro , Ota Tsutomu , Tanaka Ryoji , Kobayashi Katsura , Nakamura Eizo
Published: March 2023

Unmetamorphosed carbonaceous chondrites provide important information concerning the formation and evolution of organic matter, such as amino acids. However, terrestrial contamination remains a valid concern when investigating the organic inventory of meteorites that have fallen to Earth. Accordingly, JAXA’s Hayabusa2 and NASA’s OSIRIS-REx have been launched with the task of returning uncontaminated C-type asteroid material to Earth. The successful Hayabusa2 mission has a very limited sample size (5.4 g). Therefore, many conventional compound specific techniques will struggle to detect amino acids above detection limit with available sample amounts (~several mg to 10’s of mg) being much smaller than those typically used. Here a novel method utilizing ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry is validated and applied to very small meteorite samples, thus providing an approach that can overcome the small sample size constraints of sample return missions. The method is highly sensitive, enabling the detection of amino acids in the carbonaceous chondrites Murchison (2.28 mg) and Orgueil (2.30 mg). Furthermore, quantitation was possible for many of the detected amino acids in Murchison and Orgueil. Using the data presented here, both the amino acid reservoirs of Murchison and Orgueil and the potential application of this method to sample return samples are discussed.
Plankton Genes and Extracellular Organic Substances in the Ocean
Authors: Jenkinson Ian R.
Published: March 2023

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the ocean represents about 662 billion tonnes of C, 200 times more than the living biomass. It is produced mainly by microbial primary production. The largest fraction of this DOM is old (>weeks to months) and both chemically and biologically recalcitrant. The remainder is young (seconds to weeks), more labile and surface active. It also changes the rheological properties in the bulk phase of the water and at interfaces including the sea surface microlayer (SML). In order of abundance, this DOM consists of sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and nucleic acids, often incorporated into complex polymers. The DOM molecules are produced by microbial genes, and are further modified by enzymes themselves produced by genes. The properties of ocean water and its interfaces as well as biogeochemical fluxes may thus be modified by ocean microbial genes. These fluxes influence ocean and atmospheric climate, which in return acts on the biota. Therefore the ocean microbial genomes and the fluxes and climates they influence may be subject to Darwinian-type selection. Research programmes need to integrate ocean ecology, rheology, biogeochemistry and genomics, to find the associations among them. Discovery of commercial bioactive molecules may be a bonus.
COVID-19 Impact Analysis on Patients with Complex Health Conditions: A Literature Review
Authors: Peng Xueping , Long Guodong , Yan Peng , Tang Wensi , Clarke Allison
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly changed the world and human society in various ways. Infection-related figures are key indicators of the direct impact of the pandemic. In addition to the virus, many vulnerable populations (e.g. patients with complex health conditions) have suffered direct or indirect health impacts, such as delayed treatment or diagnosis of cancer and severe mental illness due to stay-at-home restrictions, or financial issues. Studying these kinds of impacts can provide the community with insights and understanding of how the pandemic has affected patients with health conditions and help inform decision-makers design policies that support various vulnerable populations. This paper surveys analytical work conducted on how COVID-19 has impacted patients with complex health conditions. We categorise vulnerable populations into three specific cohorts: patients with chronic disease, patients with cancer and patients with end-of-life care. We then investigate how each of these cohorts has been impacted by the pandemic. We also identify each cohort from an analytics perspective by leveraging various data collection strategies and analytical methods. The goals of this paper are to provide evidence on how to improve the quality of life for vulnerable populations and to inform a national response strategy for future pandemics, which seems inevitable in a highly globalised economy.
The Association of Cumulative Fluid Balance and Sepsis Patient Mortality During Treatment in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: B Gusriadi , Salam Syamsul Hilal , Hisbullah Hisbullah , Arif Syafri Kamsul , Rum Muhammad , Palinrungi Ari Santri
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Fluid management in sepsis patients is crucial, especially in the first three hours after sepsis diagnosis is established. However, excessive fluid administration will increase patient mortality. This study’s purpose is to determine the correlation among cumulative fluid balance and mortality in patients with sepsis and/or septic shock admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Central Hospital, Makassar. Methods: This comes about as an analytical observational study with a retrospective method. The population involved in this study was patients diagnosed with sepsis and septic shock who were treated in the ICU of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Central Hospital, Makassar from January to December 2021 with a total sample of 56 people. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square statistical tests with a significance level of α=0.05. Data were studied using SPSS 25.0 (SPSS, Inc. Chicago, IL). Results: The mean cumulative fluid balance in septic patients was -1299.51±5228.34 ml. Based on the fluid balance category, 24 people (42.9%) had a positive balance and 32 people (57.1%) had a negative balance. There was a correlation among cumulative fluid balance and mortality in sepsis patients hospitalized in the ICU of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Central Hospital (p < 0.001), out of 24 patients with a positive balance, the non-survivors percentage was 66.7% and 33.3% of patients survived, while out of 32 patients with a negative balance, the percentage of non-survivors was 18.7% and 81.3% of patients survived. Conclusions: There is a correlation among cumulative fluid balance and mortality of septic patients in the ICU. A positive cumulative fluid balance will cause a higher mortality rate or risk of death compared to a negative cumulative fluid balance.
Accuracy Evaluation of a Novel Spinal Robotic System for Autonomous Laminectomy in Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae
Authors: Li Zhuofu , Wang Chengxia , Song Xiongkang , Liu Shanshan , Zhang Yonghong , Jiang Shuai , Ji Xuquan , Zhang Tianyang , Xu Fei , Hu Lei , Li Weishi
Published: March 2023

Background:

The main function of robots in spine surgery is to assist with pedicle screw placement. Laminectomy, which is as important as pedicle screw placement, lacks a mature robot-assisted system. The aims of this study were to introduce the first autonomous laminectomy robot, to explore the feasibility of autonomous robotic laminectomy, and to validate its accuracy using a cadaveric model.

Methods:

Forty vertebrae from 4 cadavers were included in the study; 7 thoracic and 3 lumbar vertebrae were randomly selected in each cadaver. The surgeon was able to plan the laminectomy path based on computed tomographic (CT) data before the surgical procedure. The robot performed the laminectomy autonomously, and a postoperative CT scan was made. The deviation of each cutting plane from the plan was quantitatively analyzed, and the accuracy and safety were qualitatively evaluated. The time required for the laminectomy was also recorded.

Results:

Cuts were performed in 80 laminectomy planes (56 for thoracic vertebrae and 24 for lumbar vertebrae). The mean time for 1-sided laminectomy was 333.59 ± 116.49 seconds, which was shorter for thoracic vertebrae (284.41 ± 66.04 seconds) than lumbar vertebrae (448.33 ± 128.65 seconds) (p < 0.001). The mean time for single-level total laminectomy was 814.05 ± 302.23 seconds, which was also shorter for thoracic vertebrae (690.46 ± 165.74 seconds) than lumbar vertebrae (1,102.42 ± 356.13 seconds) (p = 0.002). The mean deviation of the cutting plane from the plan was 0.67 ± 0.30 mm for the most superior cutting point and 0.73 ± 0.31 mm for the most inferior point. There were no significant differences in the deviation between thoracic vertebrae (0.66 ± 0.26 mm) and lumbar vertebrae (0.67 ± 0.38 mm) at the superior cutting point (p = 0.908) and between thoracic vertebrae (0.72 ± 0.30 mm) and lumbar vertebrae (0.73 ± 0.33 mm) at the inferior cutting point (p = 0.923). In the qualitative analysis of the accuracy of the 80 laminectomy planes, 66 (83%) were classified as grade A, 14 (18%) were grade B, and none was grade C. In the safety analysis, 65 planes (81%) were considered safe and the safety of the other 15 planes (19%) was considered uncertain.

Conclusions:

The results confirmed the accuracy of this robotic system, supporting its use for laminectomy of thoracolumbar vertebrae.

Level of Evidence:

TherapeuticLevel V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Mineral-Composition Dependent Fracture Numerical Model of Thermally Treated Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Ji Dongqi , Lei Zhengdong , Liu Jiandong , Han Xu , Ge Chenqi , Li Zhiping , Chen Zhangxing
Published: March 2023

Thermal treatment of shale gas reservoirs can vaporize water, accelerate gas desorption, and induce micro-fractures in shale matrix, which is a potential method to enhance shale gas productivity. However, few studies are focused on the thermal micro-cracking behavior of shale, especially at the mineral-scale. Furthermore, the effect of mineral composition on micro-fracture generation and shale permeability alternations are not fully understood in the current research results. In this work, a mineral-dependent fracture numerical model of thermally treated shale gas reservoirs is proposed. This model couples thermally induced stress in minerals, permeability enhancement, fluids flow and energy conservations in shale. A novel constitutive model based on volumetric constraint to relate stress and strain of minerals in shale is applied in the numerical simulation process. Comparison to experimental results demonstrates the reliability and robustness of the presented computation model. The proposed simulation method in this work is a powerful tool to link the macro-scale characteristics and thermally induced micro-fracture of shale.
Successful Application of an Ensemble Modeling Workflow for a Deepwater Field in US Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Peraser Vivek , Shen Eugene , Dugat Will , Sweatman Mark , Cedillo Gerardo
Published: March 2023

A Deepwater field in the Gulf of Mexico is currently in its mid-production life and undergoing development optimization, which was underpinned by a robust evaluation using multiple geologic scenarios that were history matched to observed field data. This challenge was addressed using an ensemble modeling workflow that has been guided by BP's Top-Down Reservoir Modeling (TDRMTM) (1) principles. The ensemble contained 27 distinct geologic scenarios and was used to evaluate water injection, field expansion, and infills.

For a wide range of geologic scenarios covering alternate structural and stratigraphic models, a workflow called "forced boxing" was executed along with the assisted history matching algorithm, PSO-MADS (2, 3), to fully history match historical rates and pressures for more than 27 distinct combinations of geologic scenarios. These scenarios covered a wide range of oil-in place, connectivity, aquifer strength, and relative permeability behavior. The final calibrated ensemble of 1000s of models was then down sampled to ~100 distinct models to use for the probabilistic evaluation of water injection, field expansion, and infills.

The "forced boxing" technique was successful at finding high quality history matches for 25 of the 27 distinct geologic scenarios. The history matching workflow considered well-level production rates, including water cut, as well as reservoir pressure measurements (MDTs). A match quality acceptance workflow was set up to find acceptable models out of each geologic scenario. The resulting ensemble of models contained over 20,000 distinct simulation cases. A methodology was used to down sample those cases to a final ensemble of ~100 models covering the 25 geologic scenarios. This workflow is an improvement to conventional history matching and uncertainty workflows because this workflow ensures multiple geologic scenarios are matched and included in the ensemble and the final set of models gives a probabilistic view of the predictive outcomes. The ~100 model ensemble was then utilized to explore different field development opportunities and included the successful selection of an economic infill producer target.

The "forced boxing" approach, which entailed history matching distinct static parameter combinations, was built to ensure diversity of scenarios/outcomes as opposed to traditional workflows that focus on finding the best history matches. Given the importance of cross-fault communication between different reservoir sands, the parameterization of fault throws as a variable controlled in the optimization process was also a novel addition to the history matching workflow.
A Data-Driven Deep Learning Framework for Microbial Reaction Prediction for Hydrogen Underground Storage
Authors: Katterbauer Klemens , Al Shehri Abdallah , Qasim Abdulaziz , Yousif Ali
Published: March 2023

As the use of hydrogen gas (H2) as a renewable energy carrier experiences a major boost, one of the key challenges for a constant supply is safe and cost-efficient storage of surplus H2 to bridge periods with low energy demand. For this purpose, underground gas storage (UGS) in salt caverns, deep aquifers and depleted oil-/gas reservoirs has been proposed, which provide suitable environments with potentially high microbial abundance and activity. Subsurface microorganisms can use H2 in their metabolism and thus may lead to a variety of undesired side effects such as H2 loss into formation, H2S build up, methane formation, acid formation, clogging and corrosion.

We present a new AI framework for the determination of metabolism processes of subsurface microorganisms in hydrogen underground storage. The AI framework enables to determine the potential microbial related processes and reactions in order to optimize storage strategies as well as incorporate potential remediating actions to ensure efficient and safe underground hydrogen storage and minimize related side effects.

We evaluated the framework on investigating potential microbial reactions for hydrogen storage in the Pohokura gas field in New Zealand. The framework evaluates reservoir parameters, such as temperature, pressure, salinity and hydrogen injection volumes as well as duration, and then classifies which reactions may take place as well as indicates the likelihood of the reaction taking place. For the deep learning framework, an optimized random forest algorithm was implemented and compared to other multi-class classification problems. The results demonstrated the ability to determine the microbial reactions that may take place with hydrogen storage reservoir as well as its severity, which enhances the optimization of injection strategy as well as suitability of a reservoir.

This framework represents an innovative approach to microbial reaction prediction for underground hydrogen storage. The framework allows potential reservoirs to be efficiently evaluated and optimization strategies to be utilized in order to maximize the efficiency of underground hydrogen storage.
A Fast History Matching and Optimization Tool and its Application to a Full Field with More than 1,000 Wells
Authors: Ren Guotong , Wang Zhenzhen , Lin Yuanbo , Onishi Tsubasa , Guan Xiaoyue , Wen Xian-Huan
Published: March 2023

In this work, we study a waterflood field containing over 1,000 wells and the modern field management techniques with full-fidelity 3D geo-cellular reservoir models become computationally prohibitive. To overcome the difficulty, we developed a novel flow-network data-driven model, GPSNet, and used it for rapid history matching and optimization. GPSNet includes physics, such as mass conservation, multiphase flow, phase changes, etc., while maintaining a good level of efficiency. To build such a model, a cluster of 1-D connections among well completion points are constructed and form a flow network. Multi-phase fluid flow is assumed to occur in each 1-D connection and the flow in the whole network is simulated by our in-house general-purpose simulator. Next, to effectively reduce the uncertainty, a hierarchical history-matching workflow is adopted to match the production data. Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation (ESMDA) is utilized to reduce the error at each step of the history matching. Next, a best-matched candidate is selected for numerical optimization to maximize oil production rates with constraints satisfying field conditions. Excellent history-matching results have been achieved on the field level and good matches have also been observed for key producers. In addition, the history matching consumes mere 4 hours to finish 1,100 simulation jobs. The successful application of the GPSNet to this waterflood field demonstrates a promising workflow that can be used as a fast and reliable decision-making tool for reservoir management.
An Adaptive Newton–ASPEN Solver for Complex Reservoir Models
Authors: Lie K. -A. , Møyner O. , Klemetsdal Ø. A.
Published: March 2023

Standard Newton methods that are used to advance fully implicit or adaptive implicit schemes in time often suffer from slow or stagnant convergence when natural initial guesses are too far from the solution or the discrete flow equations contain nonlinearities that are unbalanced in time and space. Nonlinear solvers based on local-global, domain-decomposition strategies have proved to be significantly more robust than regular Newton but come at a higher computational cost per iteration. The chief example of one such strategy is additive Schwarz preconditioned exact Newton (ASPEN) that rigorously couples local solves, which in sum have little cost compared with a Newton update, with a global update that has a cost comparable to a regular Newton solve.

We present strategies for combining Newton and ASPEN to accelerate the nonlinear solution process. The main feature is a set of novel monitoring strategies and systematic switching criteria that prevent oversolving and enable us to optimize the choice of solution strategy. At the start of each nonlinear iteration, convergence monitors are computed and can be used to choose the type of nonlinear iteration to perform as well as methods, tolerances, and other parameters used for the optional local domain solves. The convergence monitors and switching criteria are inexpensive to compute.

We observe the advantages and disadvantages of local-global domain decomposition for practical models of interest for oil recovery and CO2 storage and demonstrate how the computational runtime can be (significantly) reduced by adaptively switching to regular Newton's method when nonlinearities are balanced throughout the physical domain and the local solves provide little benefit relative to their computational cost.
Accurate Production Forecast and Productivity Decline Analysis Using Coupled Full-Field and Near-Wellbore Poromechanics Modeling
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Bin , Wang Jiehao , Zaki Karim , Wu Ruiting , Barnum Bradley , Rijken Peggy , Guyaguler Baris
Published: March 2023

Productivity Index (PI) decline is caused by different mechanisms in both the wellbore region and the far field. The damages in the wellbore region can be simulated by detailed wellbore modeling. To incorporate field pressure evolution and impact on well productivity, a newly developed full-field and near-wellbore poromechanics coupling scheme is used to model PI degradation against time. Near wellbore damages, field and well interactions are identified when applying the coupling scheme for a deep water well. History matching, production forecast and safe drawdown limits are derived for operation decisions.

The coupling scheme is applied in a deep water well for history matching and drawdown strategy evaluation. The field model containing reservoir properties and operation conditions is coupled to multiple near-wellbore models which have completion and detailed wellbore geometry. During history matching, the field model is explicitly coupled with near-wellbore models. Field pressure is dynamically mapped into near-wellbore models and the PI multiplier in the field model for the given well(s) is updated based on near wellbore flow paths simulated in the near-wellbore models. Well productivity changes are accurately represented in the reservoir model for history matching and the production forecast.

Using the coupling scheme, we successfully history matched well production and the PI trend. PI decline damage mechanisms, such as perforation efficiency, fines migration, fracture connectivity, fracture conductivity, compaction, are modeled in the coupling scheme. At each coupling step, well productivity calculated in near-wellbore model(s) is updated as a PI multiplier for the well(s) in the field model. History matching results showed the dominant PI decline factors are perforation efficiency, fines migration, and fracture conductivity. Near wellbore perforation collapse reduces flowing area and changes flow path. Fines migration is observed at the high velocity region. It damages the permeability around high velocity flow path and the damage accumulates with time. Maintaining perforation efficiency and conducting a stimulation job to remove fines damage could mitigate PI decline.

Production forecast is performed with different drawdown rates. Results showed that there is no further PI decline with low drawdown. For high drawdown rate, PI could continue to decline and PI decline slope is related with drawdown pressure.
Guided Deep Learning Manifold Linearization of Porous Media Flow Equations
Authors: Dall'Aqua Marcelo J. , Coutinho Emilio J. R. , Gildin Eduardo , Guo Zhenyu , Zalavadia Hardik , Sankaran Sathish
Published: March 2023

Integrated reservoir studies for performance prediction and decision-making processes are computationally expensive. In this paper, we develop a novel linearization approach to reduce the computational burden of intensive reservoir simulation execution. We achieve this by introducing two novel components: (1) augment the state-space to yield a bi-linear system, and (2) an autoencoder based on a deep neural network to linearize physics reservoir equations in a reduced manifold employing a Koopman operator. Recognizing that reservoir simulators execute expensive Newton-Raphson iterations after each timestep to solve the nonlinearities of the physical model, we propose "lifting" the physics to a more amenable manifold where the model behaves close to a linear system, similar to the Koopman theory, thus avoiding the iteration step. We use autoencoder deep neural networks with specific loss functions and structure to transform the nonlinear equation and frame it as a bilinear system with constant matrices over time. In such a way, it forces the states (pressures and saturations) to evolve in time by simple matrix multiplications in the lifted manifold. We also adopt a "guided" training approach: our training process is performed in three steps: we initially train the autoencoder, then we use a "conventional" MOR (Dynamic Mode Decomposition) as an initializer for the final full training when we use reservoir knowledge to improve and to lead the results to physically meaningful output.

Many simulation studies exhibit extremely nonlinear and multi-scale behavior, which can be difficult to model and control. Koopman operators can be shown to represent any dynamical system through linear dynamics. We applied this new framework to a two-dimensional two-phase (oil and water) reservoir subject to a waterflooding plan with three wells (one injector and two producers) with speed ups around 100 times faster and accuracy in the order of 1-3 percent on the pressure and saturations predictions. It is worthwhile noting that this method is a non-intrusive data-driven method since it does not need access to the reservoir simulation internal structure; thus, it is easily applied to commercial reservoir simulators and is also extendable to other studies. In addition, an extra benefit of this framework is to enable the plethora of well-developed tools for MOR of linear systems. This is the first work that utilizes the Koopman operator for linearizing the system with controls to the author's knowledge. As with any ROM method, this can be directly applied to a well-control optimization problem and well-placement studies with low computational cost in the prediction step and good accuracy.