bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creative Accounting: A Fact or Illusion in Indian Corporate Sector Financial reports are prepared to ensure timely availability of reliable information regarding companies’ state of affairs to its users (ICAI, 2000)
Authors: Aggarwal Kirti
Published: March 2022

The goal of the present study is “to investigate the concept and techniques of creative accounting, as well as how it is implemented and how it can result in financial crimes”. The procedures that are followed, as well as the individuals who are involved in and victims of such crimes. The means employed to carry out the action and how it is carried out. This study also investigates the workings of “accounting policies” and how “loopholes” in them might be exploited, resulting in a set of games that can be played around them in order to get the desired results in the “preparation of financial statements”. The outcomes of the study show that “creative accounting though legal and acceptable around the world. It provides door to loopholes provided by the acts and laws governing the preparation of financial accounts, resulting in financial crimes and hampered economic growth”. “Creative accounting though not illegal but the excess use of the same has given daunting effects on the financial statements and as a result have resulted into financial frauds and looting of people’s money throughout the world”. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) along with its members have always played a vital role in ensuring transparency in accounting, still there are many organizations which are try to manipulate the financials. Although creative accounting is not prohibited, its widespread use has had alarming implications on financial accounts, resulting in financial fraud and the looting of people’s money around the world. Investors’ “hard-earned money” is stolen, and there is no way to stop it because the mechanisms and legal bodies are still working to solve the problem, so it is critical to understand about “creative accounting”. Earlier AS were applied in preparation and presentation of financial statements which are shifted to Ind AS for all large companies. Ind AS provides more focus on fair valuation of various items which includes application of judgement and principles. Hence, it becomes more imperative to understand the concept of creative accounting. This research contributes to a better understanding of the rise of “creative accounting” and how it has led to “accounting fraud and financial crimes” in the economy.
Impact of Total Quality Management Practice on Employees Retention and Satisfaction
Authors: Tripathy Shyamasundar
Published: March 2022

Total quality management practice is a strategy of business-wide management to consistently increase the quality of organization by focusing on the needs and desires of organization to improve employee’s engagement, loyalty and performance. The relationship between overall quality control strategies and employee’s retention, loyalty and efficiency is mixed. Total quality management is a firm-wide management methodology for the constant enhancement of organization quality with an emphasis on employee’s satisfaction and retention. This paper aims at exploring and recognizing the effect on employee’s retention and satisfaction with full-fledged quality management activities and different methods of total quality. In order for a competitive edge to emerge and to boost corporate efficiency and employees loyalty an increasing number of companies use absolute quality control as a strategic basis. As a consequence of intensive global competition, the idea of total quality management was created. The concepts of total quality management, processes, tools and strategies are given significant importance by international business and competitive organisations.
Roles and Responsibility of the National Institute for the Empowerment of person with Intellectual Disabilities in India: A Study
Authors: Devi E. Saranya , S. Rajamohan
Published: March 2022

The Indian Government supports various programmes to empower PWD. Therefore, the government pays particular attention to people with intellectual disabilities, including special education, career opportunities, etc. One of the main organisations initiated by the Indian Government for People with Mental Disabilities is the National Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities (NIEPID). This organisation provides assistance for the community, rehabilitation, education, career development, medical care, etc. This paper made an attempt to study the functions and duties of the PID in NIEPID. The NIEPID plays a key role in special education classes, research development, advanced technology, etc. Their essential duties are to help them learn the special education system and provide the PID with activities for skills development.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge regarding Paediatric Deep Breathing and Coughing exercises among parents of children in a selected Hospital, Kottayam
Authors: John Joslin , Thankachan Annu , Roy Anu , Saji Anu , Jaimon Ashna , Ann Siby Priya , Babu Riya , V. S Sajithamol , Sara Mammen Sani , M. S Sethulakshmi
Published: March 2022

The present study was conducted in a selected hospital, Kottayam, to assess the knowledge of parents regarding paediatric deep breathing and coughing exercises. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge of parents regarding paediatric deep breathing and coughing exercises and to find the association between knowledge and selected demographic variables. Convenience sampling technique was used to select 50 samples. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge. The data obtained was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data analysis reveals that among 50 parents, 54% of subjects have good knowledge, 34% have average knowledge, 12% have excellent knowledge and none of them had poor knowledge. The association between knowledge and selected demographic variables was analysed using chi-square test. There was no association between level of knowledge and demographic variables. The findings of the study have implications in nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. Nurses play a major role in providing health teaching on paediatric deep breathing and coughing exercises.
Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for yield and its components traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Nikita Gandam , Lal G.M.
Published: March 2022

Chickpea is a crucial annual crop widely cultivated in semi-arid tropics. It is one of the most important pulse crops in India. Variability may be a greater need for initiating a breeding program for yield and yield contributing traits. A total of 30 lines, along with a check, were evaluated in Randomized Block Design (RBD) during Rabi 2020-21. Highest seed yield per plant was recorded by PHULE 4-5. All the traits showed significant variation among the lines. Number of seeds per plant, seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant showed high Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV), whereas seed index, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, showed moderate GCV and PCV. Traits exhibiting high heritability coupled with genetic advance as percent of mean suggest that the traits are governed by additive gene action, equal contribution of additive and non-additive gene action respectively. Genotypic correlation coefficient analysis revealed that seed yield per plant showed highly significant and positive association with harvest index (0.930**). Phenotypic correlation coefficient analysis revealed that seed yield per plant showed significant and positive association with number of pods per plant (0.493**), biological yield (0.457**), seed index (0.425**) and harvest index (0.362**). The path analysis results showed that positive and direct on grain yield was exhibited by harvest index, days to maturity, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant, seed index, days to 50% pod setting and seed index.
Ocena funkcjonowania systemu HACCP w przedsiębiorstwie branży spożywczej według opinii pracowników – studium przypadku
Authors: Górka Małgorzata , Ślusarczyk Bogusław , Woźniak Agnieszka , Wojtoń Patrycja
Published: March 2022

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących oceny funkcjonowaniu systemu HACCP w opinii pracowników przedsiębiorstwa branży mleczarskiej. Badania obejmowały między innymi zagadnienia dotyczące postrzegania przez pracowników działań w zakresie wprowadzenia i funkcjonowania systemu HACCP, a także określenie barier, przyczyn i korzyści związanych z wdrożeniem systemu HACCP w przedsiębiorstwie.
Estimating Model Risk of VaR under Different Approaches: Study on European Banks
Authors: Pasieczna Aleksandra Helena , Szydłowska Magdalena Joanna
Published: March 2022

The objective of this research is to estimate the model risk, represented as precision, and the accuracy of the Value at Risk (VaR) measure, under three different approaches: historical simulation (HS), Monte Carlo (MC), and generalized ARCH (GARCH). In this work, to analyze the VaR model, the accuracy and precision were used. Estimation of the accuracy and precision was done under the three approaches for four European banks at 95 and 99% confidence levels. The percentage crossings and Kupiec POF were used to judge the model accuracy, whereas the ratio of the maximum and minimum VaR estimates, and the spread between the maximum and minimum VaR estimates were used to estimate the model risk. This was achieved by changing input parameters, specifically, the estimation time window (125, 250, 500 days). Implications/Recommendations: The accuracy alone is not sufficient to evaluate a model and precision is also required. The temporal evolution of the precision metrics showed that the VaR approaches were inconsistent under different market conditions. This article focuses on the accuracy and precision concepts applied to estimate model risk of the Value at Risk (VaR). VaR is the foundation for sophisticated risk metrics, including systemic risk measures like Marginal Expected Shortfall and Delta Conditional Value at Risk. Thus, understanding the risk associated with the use of VaR is crucial for finance practitioners.
Analisis Dan Perancangan Sistem Informasi Program Kesehatan Ibu Dan Anak Di Puskesmas Lingkar Barat Kota Bengkulu Tahun 2021
Authors: Ramadani Niska , Duri Iin Desmiany , Ummi Nur Gayatri Ni Komang , Arifin Ismail
Published: March 2022

Program KIA merupakan salah satu prioritas utama dalam rencana pembangunan jangka panjang nasional (RPJPN) di indonesia tahun 2005 – 2025, di puskesmas lingkar barat pengolahan data  KIA masih menggunakan system manual dimana pengolahan data dicatat dibuku registrasi. Pencatatan manual membutuhkan waktu lebih dari 7 menit setiap pelayanan, dan sering terjadinya kesalahan dalam pencatatan dan pendataan serta membutukan waktu yang lama untuk melakukan pengolahan data pelaporan setiap bulannya, oleh karena itu perlu dikembangkannya system informasi KIA secara elektronik sehingga dapat membantu petugas dalam mengolah program KIA secara cepat, tepat, dan akurat.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan Merancang  Sistem Informasi Kesehatan Ibu dan anak di Puskesmas Lingkar Barat guna mengatasi permasalahan yang ada pada saat ini Metode yang digunakan dalam perancangan dan membuat desain system aplikasi dengan memanfaatkan metode pengembangan perangkat lunak yaiu metode wartefal.

Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif yaitu mengumpulkan data dengan cara melakukan pengamatan secara langsung terhadap objek penelitian. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode wawancara dan observasi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer dan sekunder.

Hasil dari penelitian ini sendiri adalah terciptanya sebuah aplikasi untuk mempermudah pengolahan data menjadi sebuah laporan KIA yang dibutuhkan dan mengatasi masalah yang timbul karena sistem Informai Program Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak secara manual. Perancangan dan Pembuatan desain system Informasi dengan menggunakan Pemrograman Visual Basic 6.0 di Puskesmas Lingkar Barat Kota Bengkulu telah dibuat dengan hasil analisis sistem yang sudah ada dan sesuai metode yang digunakan, serta desain perancangan yang elah dibuat sesuai dengan buku registrasi dan formulir pelaporan manual atau kebutuhan pihak rumah sakit dan dapat mempermudah peroses pengolahan sisem KIA.

keterbatasan dalam melakukan penelitian ini adalah sulitnya melakukan wawancara secara langsung , dikarenakan situasi pandemic covid 19

Kontribusi : Penelitian ini dapat berguna dan di Puskesmas Lingkar Barat Kota Bengkulu untuk membantu dalam mengolaha data Registrasi dan Pelaporan

Kata Kunci : Sistem Informasi, Program kia, EHR
Analisis Kelengkapan Pengisian Resume Medis Rawat Inap di RS Darurat Covid-19 Wisma Atlet Kemayoran
Authors: Lutfi Rinaldi Syahbana  , Trihandini Indang
Published: March 2022

The completeness of medical records is very important to affect the process of services provided by health workers and impact on the quality of services of a hospital. Preliminary study results conducted at RSDC Wisma Atlet Kemayoran, filling out medical resume form 5 out of 10 files no signature name of medical resume form. Also found, 3 out of 10 files have no outgoing diagnostic information. The purpose of this study is to identify the completeness of the patient's identity, review of important reports, authenticity review and review of the correct completeness of the medical resume form at RSDC Wisma Atlet Kemayoran. This research is qualitative research. The study subject consisted of 2 doctors who filled out a medical resume. The object of the study was a sample of inpatient medical records from June 7-21, 2021 based on slovin formula as many as 98 files. The results of the study on the completeness of filling a medical resume seen from 4 aspects have not been high enough. Incomplete filling of medical resume forms is influenced by several factors, namely man, methode, material, and machine factors.
Gamification in Vocational Teaching and Learning: Perception and Readiness among Lecturers
Authors: Omar Marlissa , Ali Dayana Farzeeha , Md Adam @ Mohd Adnan Nur Azlin Idayu , Saari Mohd Aizuddin
Published: March 2022

Sustainable economic growth and socioeconomic stability can be achieved through technical and vocational education (TVET). Improving TVET education can help empower students to play a significant role in achieving sustainable growth in their country. Teaching and learning in TVET institutions need to be reformed to achieve the international standard and increase students' understanding and motivation. Recently, gamification appears to be an emerging trend in education due to its conviction that it can support learning and motivate students. Thus, this study aims to identify vocational lecturers' perceptions and readiness to implement gamification in their teaching and learning. The findings have shown a high mean score in lecturers' perception and a moderate mean score in their readiness to implement the gamification approach in their teaching and learning. The findings from this study show that vocational teachers need to be trained and ready to use this method in their teaching and learning as a way to deal with the post-pandemic era, where teaching and learning should be more interactive by using the right technology.
Examination of Emotional Eating Levels According to the Exercise Status of Students in the Faculty of Sports Sciences
Authors: Turğut Mine , Bozkuş Taner , Yamaner Yusuf Burak
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to examine the emotional eating levels of students studying at the faculty of sports sciences according to their exercise status.The screening model was used in our research. After the detailed information about the scale form was given to the participants, a total of 125 students, 66 male, and 59 female participants, participated on a voluntary basis. In addition to the personal information form prepared by the researcher, the Emotional Eating Scale (EES) was used to collect the data. SPSS 22.0 package program was used in the analysis of the obtained data.It was determined that 52.8% of the participants included in the study were male and 47.2% were female, 79.2% of these participants did exercise, and 20.8% did not. In the study, it was found that male participants had a higher sense of guilt when they consumed forbidden foods than female participants; We can say that the desire to eat of those who did not exercise was more dominant than those who did not exercise.As a result, it would not be wrong to say that exercise has positive effects on the emotional eating status of the participants. Moreover, it has been observed that individuals who exercise are more likely to control their eating status than those who do not exercise. In this context, it can be said that exercise has positive effects in terms of controlling the emotional eating status of individuals.
Extraction of collagen bone fish (Thunnus albacares) into gelatin with CH3COOH treatment
Authors: Ahmad Talib  , Umar Tangke  , Muhammad Didi Saharin  , Fitri Nurhidayati
Published: March 2022

Indonesia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia with the largest Muslim population in the world and the number is estimated at around 86%. This amount is actually a separate opportunity in marketing halal products and one of them is gelatin from fish skin. Gelatin is a protein extracted by partial hydrolysis of collagen, with the main component being protein derived from the skin of meat or fish, animal or fish bones and hides. The purpose of this study was to produce good quality fish skin gelatin with acetic acid treatment and soaking time of 12, 24 and 48 hours. The method used in this research is the experimental method on a laboratory scale. The results obtained in this study were that the rendemen of fish skin gelatin ranged from 7.50 to 7.60% with CH3COOH treatment. Meanwhile, the best pH value is acetic acid immersion with a time of 48 hours with a pH value of 2.8-6.2. Furthermore, the best organoleptic values ​​for attributes (color, texture and scent) are as follows; 6.5; 6.2 and 6.5 with 48 hours of immersion.
資訊管理：企業創新與價值創造
Authors: 吳仁和 吳仁和
Published: March 2022

本書第九版在企業創新與價值創造、數位轉型、全通路與新零售、數位行銷、大數據領域不但有創新的見解，更有企業實踐的經典個案實證，期由理論與實務結合，使讀者可以更深入瞭解本書論述的創新觀念及時代趨勢。內容編排從資訊科技如何促進企業創新與價值創造之觀點出發，共分四個部分：

先介紹商業模式、企業價值組態、企業創新類型、核心流程與所需之資訊科技，並進一步介紹如何將資訊科技與商業模式結合，以促成企業數位創新，進而創造企業與顧客價值。

接著介紹企業數位化所需之資訊科技基礎設施與應用，包括「互聯網＋」之架構與概念，相關之硬體、網路與通訊技術、裝置、軟體與資訊安全、資訊倫理與隱私等。

再介紹數位化企業經營管理與核心科技，包括生態系、電子商務的世代演變、Web 2.0與電子商務創新、企業資源規劃、供應鏈管理與智慧製造，及其所需的資訊系統、架構與經營管理。

最後介紹企業的資訊加值服務與管理，包括資訊科技如何提升企業的數位行銷與客戶關係管理（包括阿里巴巴光棍節之實務）、知識管理與商業智慧（包括Big Data之應用）等。

文中特別針對上述議題，製作30多個台灣與中國企業案例，並以淺顯的方式闡明其內涵與觀念，希望使沒有深厚技術背景的讀者亦能瞭解現代管理者應具備的資訊科技與管理知識，以及資訊科技如何促進企業創新與價值創造。

Chapter1　數位化時代的資訊管理/1

第一篇　企業數位化：企業創新與價值創造/49

Chapter2　企業價值組態與數位化/51

Chapter3　企業創新與價值創造/113

第二篇　數位化企業：資訊科技基礎設施與應用/205

Chapter4　從「互聯網＋」到「智慧＋」/207

Chapter5　資訊安全、倫理與隱私/251

第三篇　數位化企業經營管理與核心科技/311

Chapter6　平台生態系與發展策略/313

Chapter7　Web與電子商務創新/373

Chapter8　全通路零售與新零售/431

Chapter9　企業資源規劃與供應鏈管理/469

第四篇　資訊加值服務與管理/543

Chapter10　數位行銷與客戶關係管理/545

Chapter11　知識管理與商業智慧/613
A importância do ambiente interagências para a governança no Complexo da Maré
Authors: Da Silva Pereira Fabio
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo aborda a observação da influência das ações interagências que contribuíram para as operações militares no Complexo da Maré no período compreendido entre 5 de abril de 2014 e 31 de junho de 2016 nas quatorze comunidades abrangidas através do acordo firmado pelo governo federal. O objetivo do trabalho de pesquisa foi identificar relacionamentos causais entre as demandas de serviços públicos civis e a sua influência nas operações militares em um ambiente de elevada complexidade. Esta ação simultânea dos três setores visou ganhar a confiança de 140 mil moradores submetidos aos arbítrios da criminalidade, oferecendo opções aos cidadãos e facilitando o acesso destes aos serviços públicos e privados. Para auxiliar na sua consecução, foi realizada uma da análise dos documentos e relatórios da Força de Pacificação durante a Operação São Francisco. Na conclusão, identificamos as potencialidades e limitações do método, oferecendo também considerações a respeito da importância que sua aplicação pode ter para a administração pública brasileira.
Professores/as da Educação Básica no cenário das aulas remotas e as relações entre democratização e desigualdade
Authors: Nascimento Franc-Lane Sousa Carvalho do , Martins Elizangela Fernandes , Azevedo Cleia Maria Lima , Carvalho Filha Francidalma Soares Sousa , Pereira Antonio Alves , Silva Leysiane Gomes de Oliveira
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa realizada no estado do Maranhão sobre democratização e desigualdade na educação vivenciadas na pandemia da Covid-19. Partiu-se da questão norteadora: Quais as subjetividades produzidas pelas narrativas dos/as professores/as da Educação Básica, quando falam de democratização e desigualdade nas aulas remotas na pandemia? Objetivo geral: analisar a produção de subjetividades de professores/as em vista das narrativas sobre democracia e desigualdade do acesso à internet e as mídias durante as aulas remotas. Realizou-se uma pesquisa (auto)biográfica, com entrevista semiestruturada utilizando o Google Forms, Meet e WhatsApp. Fundamentamo-nos em autores como: Certeau (1998); Martins (2020); Saviani (2017); Soares (2020); Liu et al. (2020); dentre outros.  Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que a produção de subjetividade do sujeito professor da Educação Básica, sua identidade e desenvolvimento profissional durante a pandemia, se inter-relacionam aos sentidos do estado de desvalorizado, desacreditado e desmotivado para conduzir as aulas remotas, ao narrarem sobre temas, como: metodologia, pandemia, ensino remoto, internet, tecnologias/mídias, conteúdos e o tempo.
Iatrogenic complications arising from cleaning and shaping
Authors: Mehta Sachin Dev , Malhan Sunil , Bansal Chahat
Published: March 2022

Endodontic treatments tend to have very high successful rates in spite of the fact that they are quite an invasive, difficult procedure, especially in complex anatomies. As a consequence, retreatment has become a well-defined field of knowledge and expertise in endodontics, since most complications can be solved with proper surgical or nonsurgical retreatments. Failure to grasp the rationale behind cleaning and shaping concepts can increase the occurrence of needless complications, such as ledges. Extension of the access cavity to provide unobstructed access to the root canals, precurving and not forcing instruments, using NiTi files, using passive step-back and balanced force techniques, and instrumenting the canal to its full length will all help to prevent ledge formation. Initial negotiation and bypassing the ledge can be achieved using a small file with a distinct curve at the tip, whereas a slight rotation motion of the file combined with a picking motion can often help advance the instrument. Blockage, laceration, and foraminal damage are the most common results. Each alters the reliability of the procedure and must be prevented if one is to obtain the best possible prognosis for the patient.
Comparative analysis of flexural strength of four commercially available dental restorative materials
Authors: Magwa Khushboo , Ahirwar Anupama , Bhargava Anuj , Khurana Nishant , Mishra Niharika , Nigam Anusha Shankar
Published: March 2022

Background: The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the flexural strengths of four commercially available restorative materials. The restorative materials used in this study were - Posterior Glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji), Resin modified Glass ionomer cement (GC), Ketac molar (3M ESPE), Miracle mix (XP). Materials and Methods :- Four restorative material under study were divided into 4 groups with each group containing five specimens of 2 mm × 2 mm × 25 mm of restorative material prepared according to ISO 9917-2 standard  using a customized metal mould. After light polymerization, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. The specimens were subsequently blotted dry, measured and subjected to flexural testing using an Instron universal testing machine (Tinius Olsen) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min until the specimen fractured. Results: - Data collected was statistically analysed using Kruskal Walli’s Test and Chi Square test. The result showed that the mean flexural strength of Ketac Molar> Miracle Mix > RMGIC > Posterior GIC. Conclusion: -The knowledge of mechanical properties of the various materials is important for the long-term clinical success of material.
Spatial innovations development to enhance the community's foundation economy by creating added value of products with cultural capital in Samut Songkhram Province
Authors: Sitthiwarongchai Cholpassorn , Sriviboon Chutikarn , Rodjam Chumpon , Ninaroon Panida , Janmuangthai Wutipong
Published: March 2022

Recently, spatial innovation is the necessary element that enhances value-added products and leads towards strengthening the community foundation economy. Hence, the current article investigates the impact of spatial innovation and cultural capital on the strong community foundation economy in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. The current research also investigates the mediating impact of value-added products among the linkage of spatial innovation, cultural capital and strengthen community foundation economy. The current study has applied the questionnaires to collect the data from selected respondents. The present article has also applied the smart-PLS to check the validity and association among variables. The results revealed that spatial innovation and cultural capital have positive and significant linkage with strengthen community foundation economy. The results also indicated that value-added products significantly mediate among the linkage of spatial innovation cultural capital and strengthen community foundation economy. The article has guided the policymakers while developing regulators regarding strengthen community foundation economy using spatial innovation and cultural capital.
Co-relation between inflammatory biomarkers and COVID-19 progression
Authors: Singhal Swati , Uniyal Nidhi , Tiwari Deepika , Maheshwari Sonam
Published: March 2022

Background & Objective: - Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) disease has caused considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of the inflammatory markers and to augment our present knowledge of these biomarkers to help in risk stratification. Methodology - The proposed study is a retrospective observational study on COVID-19 positive patients admitted in the ICU of Hospital of Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India from November 2020 to January 2021. Patients were categorized in to three groups moderate, severe and critical as per the criteria mentioned in methodology section in detail. Statistical Analysis- To explore the risk factors associated with illness severity of COVID-19, we categorized the patients into two groups, and one is moderate and severe and second is critical. Potential predictive variables included the following case characteristics on admission: demographic features and, comorbidity, clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory findings. Results- Sixty-two patients were enrolled in this study with mean age of 63.24±20.12 of which 44(70.96%) were males and 18(29.03%) were females. Multiple number of patients had comorbidities with diabetes 36(58.06%) patients, followed by hypertension in 24(38.70%).
Awareness about thalassemia and its management among the caregivers of the thalassemia patients of Punjab and Chandigarh, India
Authors: Singh Rajnish Kumar , Jha Nutan Kumari , Panigrahi Inusha , Sinha Anil Kishore
Published: March 2022

Background: β-thalassemia is an autosomal recessive condition that causes a reduction in the production of haemoglobin. Despite their short lifespans, thalassemia patients must rely on routine blood transfusions throughout their lives. They suffer from a variety of health issues, the majority of which are caused by iron overload complications. It places a significant financial and psychological strain on both patients and their caregivers, and their perceived knowledge of the disease play a significant role in controlling and enhancing their health-related quality of life. Objective: To determine if caregivers of transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients are aware of thalassemia and how to manage it. Methods: The study examined the caregivers of 105 North Indian thalassemia patients who got blood transfusions on a regular basis in hospitals in Patiala, Punjab, and Chandigarh. With prior informed consent, caregivers were interviewed to evaluate their knowledge of thalassemia and its management with their socio-demographic characteristics. The knowledge of each caregiver was rated using a scoring system and was correlated to the caregiver's SES and education. The data was analysed using the SPSS version 20. Results:  The majority of caregivers had sufficient knowledge about thalassemia and their comorbidities, premarital screening, treatment modalities, iron overload, and chelation therapy.
Behavioural and Neural Evidence for Conscious Sensation in Animals : An Inescapable Avenue towards Biopsychism?
Authors: Lamme Victor A.F.
Published: March 2022

Evidence for all sorts of cognition in animals is mounting. But is this accompanied by conscious sensation or phenomenology? To answer that question, it is noted that consciousness to us presents itself as a contrast: we are asleep or awake, we either see something or we don't, each
state or condition accompanied by distinct neural correlates. The contrast implicitly holds there is conscious sensation; you cannot lose what you didn't have to begin with. So if there is similar behavioural and neural evidence for a conscious–unconscious contrast in any animal, there
should be some sort of difference in the 'what it is likes' between the two extremes — for the animal in question. Findings from sleep, anaesthesia, blindsight, masking, and rivalry present unequivocal evidence for such a dichotomy in monkeys and — surprisingly — possibly
insects. For other animals (mammals, birds, reptiles, fish) the situation is less clear, although mostly due to a lack of evidence rather than evidence to the contrary. Implications for theories of consciousness, and the role of neural versus behavioural findings, are discussed.
The Measurability of Subjective Animal Welfare
Authors: Browning Heather
Published: March 2022

One of the most challenging questions surrounding subjective animal welfare is whether these states are measurable: that is, is subjective welfare an appropriately quantifiable target for scientific enquiry and ethical and deliberative calculation? The availability of several different types of measurement scale raises important questions regarding whether subjective experience has the right properties to be meaningfully represented on the types of scale required for different applications. This methodological question has so far received scant attention in the animal welfare literature. In this paper, I address this omission by examining the types of measurement scale we can reasonably expect to apply to animal welfare measurements, and which we will actually need for our applications. I argue that our different applications will require variously ordinal, interval, and ratio scales, and that we have sufficient reason to believe that subjective welfare is a target with the appropriate characteristics to justify the practice of representing it using each of these types of scales.
El trabajo en grupo como generador de estrés académico: Una mirada a la experiencia de los estudiantes de pregrado de la UNAN-Managua
Authors: Nicaragua Castro Arlen , Martínez González Martha Erica
Published: March 2022

Este artículo describe los hallazgos generados a partir de una encuesta realizada a los estudiantes, que participaron voluntariamente del ciclo de charlas educativas realizado por Orientación Vocacional y Psicológica del Vicerrectorado de la UNAN-Managua, en el periodo octubre noviembre 2019.

En este contexto, se exploró el reconocimiento de situaciones que en la vida académica pudieran ser fuentes de estrés, particularmente estrés académico; Un hallazgo importante fue que el trabajo en grupo como formato didáctico muy común en las estrategias de aprendizaje que utiliza la docencia es un factor generador de estrés académico. Aprender a trabajar en grupo es una soft skill muy importante, que requiere desarrollarse en la formación de pregrado para el desempeño profesional en cualquier disciplina, por lo que es pertinente profundizar en las formas en que se da esta actividad y particularmente en cómo se vive para potenciar su eficacia.
A Study on the Rule of Law of Tajikistan for the 30 Years after Its Independence
Authors: YUE Qiang
Published: March 2022

The year 2021 marks the 30th anniversary of the independence of the Republic of Tajikistan. With the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan and the Taliban regaining control of the Afghan regime, Tajikistan, which borders Afghanistan, has become one of the focuses of the international community. By analyzing the normative legal documents, such as laws, policies, development strategies and development ideas issued by the Republic of Tajikistan in recent years, this paper combs the current situation of social rule of law at different stages, the characteristics of social rule of law in process, predicts its future development of social rule of law, and analyzes and points out a series of problems faced by Tajikistan at present. It provides directions for Chinese enterprises investing in Tajikistan to understand the situation of the country.
Uso inicial de insulina en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Sprockel Díaz John Jaime , Martínez Arias Luis Oswaldo , Pérez Murcia Ana María , Abella Díaz Andrés Leonardo , Sarmiento Ângulo Pedro , Mendieta Roa Dayann Estefany , Medina Orjuela Adriana
Published: March 2022

Contexto: la hiperglucemia en el paciente hospitalizado se encuentra relacionada con el desarrollo de complicaciones y mortalidad intrahospitalaria, en la actualidad su tratamiento se centra en el uso de insulinas. Se desconocen las prácticas de formulación de insulina intrahospitalaria en nuestro entorno.
Objetivo: describir los esquemas de insulinización usados en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 (DM2) hospitalizados, sin historia de uso de insulina, así como su indicación y formulación al egreso.
Metodología: estudio de corte transversal retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes adultos hospitalizados en dos hospitales universitarios durante el 2018, a los que se les formuló insulina para manejo de la DM2.
Resultados: se incluyeron 383 pacientes, 67 años promedio y donde un 53?% fueron mujeres. Las indicaciones para el comienzo de uso de insulina fueron el estar hospitalizados (73,9?%), las descompensaciones de la diabetes y la HbA1c elevada. Los esquemas empleados de mayor a menor frecuencia fueron: basal 55,6?%, basal/bolo 43,6?% y basal/plus 0,8?%. La insulina de larga acción más utilizada fue glargina en 95,8?% de los casos y la de acción corta fue glulisina en 69,4?% de los casos. 244 pacientes (77,2?%) egresaron con insulinoterapia, de los cuales 46,7?% tenían una hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) < 10?% y 83,2?% egresaron sin hipoglucemiante oral, de ellos el 96?% no presentaban contraindicaciones para su uso y el 34?% tenían la Hb1Ac ? 10?%.
Conclusiones: en diabéticos tipo 2 hospitalizados, la indicación principal para el inicio de insulina fue la propia hospitalización, predominaron los esquemas basal y basal/bolo en similar proporción y se mostró preferencia por el uso de análogos de insulina, en especial la glargina y glulisina. La formulación de insulina al egreso fue alta, con bajo uso de antidiabéticos orales pese a no tener contraindicación.
Disgenesia gonadal parcial (XY)
Authors: Vargas-Uricoechea Hernando , Vargas-Sierra Hernando David
Published: March 2022

Introducción: los trastornos del desarrollo sexual se definen como afecciones congénitas en las que el desarrollo del sexo cromosómico gonadal o anatómico es atípico. Son anormalidades raras, ocurren en 1 de cada 1000 a 4500 nacidos vivos.Dentro de las causas más comunes se encuentran: la hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita debido a la deficiencia de 21-hidroxilasa en un individuo XX, mosaicismos como el que involucra el 45, X/46, XY que tiene un amplio espectro fenotípico y el síndrome de insensibilidad a andrógenos en un individuo XY. Las causas más raras incluyen mutaciones genéticas (NR5A1, WT1 o MAP3K1), deficiencia de 17-beta-hidroxiesteroide deshidrogenasa y deficiencia de 5-alfa reductasa.Objetivo: el objetivo de este reporte de caso, es hacer énfasis en el riesgo de aparición de tumores malignos de células germinales en pacientes con disgenesia gonadal XY.Presentación del caso: se reporta el caso de un paciente de 24 años edad, fenotípicamente femenino, cariotipo 46 XY, ausencia de genitales femeninos internos por hallazgos tomográficos y testículos atróficos en canal inguinal (extraídos porvía laparoscópica). Se describen las características al examen físico, el enfoque clínico y el terapéutico.Discusión y conclusión: los pacientes con disgenesia gonadal XY, pueden tener un riesgo incrementado de tumores gonadales. Para poder hacer el diagnóstico de esta entidad, se debe realizar un abordaje multidisciplinario que permita su clasificación exacta.
Cambios demográficos y diabetes
Authors: Cuadros Cuadros Robinson
Published: March 2022

El Euromonitor internacional compara el rápido envejecimiento poblacional de Colombia con el de Corea del Sur, Malasia e Indonesia y nos obliga a comprender que el índice de envejecimiento en nuestro país se triplicó en tan solo 6 décadas, mientras que a Francia le tardó 115 años para que su grupo de mayores de 65 años pasara de ser el 7 % al 14 % del total de su población. Colombia tendrá ese crecimiento en tan solo 20 años.
Ahora bien, las estadísticas muestran una longevidad inesperada que nos plantea el reto de la atención humanizada y diferencial, no solo de la mayoría de personas que están envejeciendo en buenas condiciones, sino también el reto de lograr una mejor comprensión, abordaje, investigación y atención especializada de la enfermedad crónica como resultado del declive funcional de la célula B, como ocurre en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, y su interacción con los llamados síndromes geriátricos. Hoy Colombia cuenta con más de 23.200 personas mayores de 100 años y esta es una cifra que crecerá exponencialmente, en las siguientes décadas, con la particularidad de que más de la mitad de las centenarias son y serán mujeres.
Benefits of water intake on kidney function in older adults: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Falcetta Mariana Rangel Ribeiro , Rocha Guilherme Botter Maio , Daudt Leticia Rossetto , Bublitz Alice Kieling , Menegolla Maurício Picolo , Borges Roberta de Pádua , Bauer Andrea Carla
Published: March 2022

Objective: The goal of this study is to evaluate the benefits of an increase in water intake guided by a mathematical formula (per kg of body weight) on kidney function in older adults. Methods: Older adults (≥ 65 years old) cared for at the Internal Medicine Unit of a tertiary hospital will be randomized to receive or not guidance on water intake (30 mL/kg per day) after initial assessment of kidney function. After 14 days, participants will be reevaluated through clinical and laboratory examinations. Patients with uncompensated disease will be excluded. The main outcomes will be glomerular filtration rate and laboratory measures such as serum and urinary osmolality, sodium, urea, 24-h urine volume and serum creatinine, uric acid, and copeptin. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire will be applied to participants at each visit. Categorical variables will be described as numbers of cases (%) and compared using the χ2 test whereas continuous variables will be analyzed with Student’s t-test in relation to baseline measures. The Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) method will be performed to assess differences over time and between groups. This study was approved by the Institution’s Research Ethics Committee (grant number 16-0153) and is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Expected Results:By increasing water intake (ml/Kg) we expect to provide an improvement in kidney function in older population assessed by serum creatinine and cystatin-c applied to eGFR formulas. Relevance:Many conditions, both organic and behavioral, can contribute to chronic dehydration states in older adults. To mention, decreased ability to concentrate urine, reduced kidney mass, blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) along with changes in sensitivity to hormones such as renin, vasopressin and natriuretic peptide can generate water imbalance, leading to dehydration. For being simple and inexpensive, this strategy may be broadly used and bring several health benefits to older adults.
CFD Analysis of NACA 0012 Aerofoil to Investigate the Effect of Increasing Angle of Attack on Coefficient of Lift and Coefficient of Drag
Authors: Khalid Mirza Haseeb
Published: March 2022

The significance of using proper blade design is increasing with advancements in aviation technology. Wings are used in a variety of applications, including aircraft, drones, wind turbines, and more. In this study, Ansys version 2021 is used to do a CFD analysis on a NACA 0012 to study the effect of increasing the angle of attack on the coefficient of lift. Analyses have been performed using Ansys Fluent. The k-w turbulence model was used to analyze geometry, designed in SOLIDWORKS. At a speed of 32 m/s, several angles of attack have been evaluated from 0° to 20° to investigate lift and drag coefficient. The results of this study were compared with the literature for validation. It has been observed that increasing the angle of attack will increase the lift coefficient initially but after a specific angle, flow separation takes place and the lift coefficient starts decreasing with a further increase in the angle of attack
MRI findings in COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative patients presenting with acute neurological symptoms – a case-control study
Authors: MEHTA LAKSHAY , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Gupta Praveen
Published: March 2022

Background & Objective: Neurological manifestations of novel-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been described in various studies. None of these studies has compared the findings in COVID-19 patients with COVID-negative patients presenting with similar clinical symptomatology during the same period. We undertook this case-control study with an aim to establish a direct relationship between COVID-19 infection and CNS related clinical and imaging presentations.
Methods: This study was a review of retrospectively collected data of the patients who presented with different neurological symptoms to a tertiary care hospital in India. Based on results of Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for SARS-Co-V-2, patients were classified into COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative groups. MRI findings in both groups were reviewed for acute ischemic stroke, intracranial bleed and other acute imaging abnormalities. Basic demographic information and stroke-related co-morbidities were also compared.
Results: Eighty four patients in COVID-19 positive group and 323 patients in COVID-19 negative group underwent brain MRI for acute neurological symptoms during the same period. There was no statistically significant difference in presenting symptoms, sex distribution and risk factors for stroke. There was a higher prevalence of increased coagulability in COVID-19 positive group (p-value = 0.009). No statistically significant association was observed for infarcts or their hemorrhagic transformation, intracranial bleed, intracranial infection or dural sinus thrombosis. An association was found between acute diffuse leukoencephalopathy and COVID-19 infection (p value < 0.05).
Conclusion: The current study points towards a weak direct association between COVID-19 infection and acute abnormalities in MRI brain studies, especially in patients with pre-existing co-morbidities.
Streptococcus agalactiae meningitis presenting with cerebral infarction in an adult patient: Clinical case and review
Authors: Tsalta-Mladenov Mihael , Dimitrova Vladina , Georgieva Darina , Andonova Silva
Published: March 2022

Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges associated with the invasion of bacteria. The etiologic agents vary by age group. Bacterial meningitis due to group B streptococcus (GBS) is common for the neonatal period but is deemed to be rare in adult patients. Since 2000, more than two-thirds of all cases occur in adults, which is becoming a growing problem worldwide. We present a rare case of GBS meningitis presented with cerebral infarction in an adult patient and briefly review the etiology and incidence of GBS infections in adults. There is an increasing incidence of cases in elderly patients, particularly in those with more medical comorbidities. Cerebral infarction as an adverse effect in bacterial meningitis is both a sign of severity and a predictor of a poor clinical outcome with a high mortality rate. Early recognition of the infection, a search for deep-seated infection, and early antimicrobial therapy are vital moments for successful management of the GBS disease.
Sit-up dizziness and head-shaking dizziness may be diagnostic symptoms of vestibular migraine
Authors: Han Byung In , Lee HoWon , Ryu Sanghyo , Park Miso S , Kim Byungkun
Published: March 2022

Background: Vestibular migraine (VM) frequently presents as a diagnostic challenge because objective neurological findings consistent with this entity have not been described. Certain patients with VM present with dizziness while sitting up or shaking their head, which we have designated as sit-up dizziness (SUD) and head-shaking dizziness (HSD) respectively. Objective: To study the prevalence of SUD and HSD in patients with acute VM and to evaluate their sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of acute VM.
Methods: We examined 60 patients with VM and compared them to 61 patients with episodic migraine (EM), who were subsequently divided into 4 groups (acute-VM, symptom-free-VM, acute-EM, symptom-free-EM). SUD was induced by a positional change from lying to sitting, while HSD was induced by voluntary horizontal head-shaking. The prevalence of SUD and HSD was assessed in the patients during acute and asymptomatic periods. The sensitivity and specificity of SUD and HSD for identification of VM were assessed in an additional 85 patients with acute VM and 123 patients with acute EM.
Results: The prevalence of SUD and HSD was 72% and 60% respectively in the acute-VM group, which was significantly higher than the symptom-free-VM, acute-EM and symptom-free-EM groups, and which was not related to sex, age, or symptom duration. SUD and HSD had a sensitivity of 80.0% and 81.2%, and specificity of 75.6% and 78.9%, respectively in diagnosing acute VM. The sensitivity and specificity for either test being positive was 91.8% and 71.5%, and 69.4% and 82.9%, when both tests were positive, respectively.
Conclusions: SUD and HSD can be used as diagnostic indicators of acute VM that possess high sensitivity and specificity. This study suggests that SUD and HSD are useful diagnostic tests in patients with new dizziness of unknown cause.