bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«Բատոլա» ծիսական պարերգի երգային ավանդույթը և արդի փոխակերպումները
Authors: Սարգսյան Մարգարիտ
Published: February 2023

«Բատոլա»-ն հնագույն ծիսական-հարսանեկան պարերգ է, որը հայկական ավանդական հարսանիքում կատարել են հատկապես «ծաղկոց տանը»՝ նորահարսի ընկերուհիները, իսկ հետագայում՝ ավանդույթի մոռացման արդյունքում սկսել են կատարել տարբեր առիթներով՝ ուրախ հավաքույթների ժամանակ: Մեր օրերում այն տարածված է Հայաստանի Հանրապետության մի շարք մարզերում և Վրաստանի Հանրապետության հայաբնակ Ջավախքում: Պարերգը ճանաչելի է երաժշտական տաղաչափության դիպիրիխի/ամֆիմակր կայուն բանաձևով, որով նաև զուգահեռվում է հարսանեկան ծիսական մեկ այլ՝ «Թամզարա» պարերգի հետ: Քննության առնված բոլոր օրինակները միևնույն երգի տարբերակներ են:
Batola is an ancient wedding ceremony dance song, which was performed by bridesmaids at the “flower garden” i.e., in the bride՚s house, during the Armenian traditional wedding. Later, this tradition was lost, and batola began to be performed during various festivities on different occasions. Nowadays, Batola is common in Armenia and in Javakheti region of Georgia, with a large Armenian population. Batola is recognizable owing to the stable dipyrrichium/amphimacer metrical structure; therefore, there is a parallel with another wedding ceremonial dance song Tamzara. All examples considered in this work are different versions of the same song.
Berj Fazlian՚s “Othello” on the Armenian Stage in Canada
Authors: Bekaryan Anahit
Published: February 2023

From the beginning of their settlement in Canada, since the early 1900s, Armenians have been actively engaged in organizing and holding modest shows and gatherings with recitals, songs, theatrical rehearsals, and impromptu performances. Their purpose was to unite the Armenians of the community, as well as to raise funds in favour of Armenian immigrants, schools, and hospitals. Although the performances of those shows and gatherings did not have any outstanding artistic value, it is an undeniable fact that they played a significant role in educating the younger generation of Armenians in the spirit of national-cultural traditions, preserving national identity, and served their main goal of uniting the Armenians of Canada to acquaint and connect them with the national theatre. In this regard, the organizers of the aforementioned events deserve all the praise and high evaluation.
Integrative Ayurveda approach to manage Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM)-A Case Report
Authors: jain Vikash , kapadiya Manisha , Dudhamal Tukaram
Published: February 2023

Cervical myelopathy involves compression of spinal cord caused by degenerative process of cervical vertebrae or due to trauma. Cervical myelopathy is characterized by pain, stiffness in cervical region and tingling sensation in both upper and lower limb, clumsiness of hands, weakness and difficulty in handling small objects. Available treatment modalities are NSAIDs, Steroids, physiotherapy and cervical support for pain management. Surgery is necessary if conservative treatment fails. In Ayurveda some Para surgical modalities are used to treat this condition like Agnikarma and Raktamokshan along with Shaman Aushadhi. In this case study a 39 years old male patient came to outdoor patient department with complaints of neck pain, neck stiffness and tingling sensation in upper limbs while heaviness and weakness in both upper and lower limbs for last 4 months and especially tingling of upper limb during extension of neck. Patient have alleged history of weight fallen on head in flexed position of neck before 4 months. This case was managed with 4 sittings of Agnikarma with 7 days interval between each sitting and 2 sittings of wet cupping with 15 days interval along with Rasna Saptak Kwath, Erandamula Kwatha, Navjivan Rasa, Ashwagandha Arishta, Karpasasthyadi Taila for 3 months. Patient got relief from symptoms as well as improved routine life with increased in spinal canal diameter at C3-C4 level. This single case demonstrates that TCM can be managed by Ayurveda para surgical procedures along with adjuvant drugs.
Prevalence and clinical manifestations of candidiasis among patients with vulvovaginitis in a tertiary institution in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Wariso Kennedy , Oboro Ibinabo , Igumna Jeremiah
Published: February 2023

Background/Objective: Candidiasis is a very common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge all over the world. Some of the affected patients may be asymptomatic. The symptoms range from mild to severe clinical manifestations. Most of the affected symptomatic patients present with abnormal vaginal discharge, pruritus and dyspareunia. Although it is considered a sexually transmitted disease because it is sexually transmissible, it can also affect those who have no sexual experience. There is no record of the prevalence and clinical manifestations of Candidiasis among patients with Vulvovaginitis that have visited our hospital previously; we decided to put the records straight by researching on it.
Material and methods: One hundred female patients who presented to various clinics in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) Port Harcourt, Rivers State, with symptoms suggestive of Vulvovaginitis were sent for high vaginal swab test in our Medical Microbiology laboratory. The swabs were collected; microscopy, culture and gram staining were done using standardized methods.
Results: Out of the 100 patients with Vulvovaginitis, 30(30%) had Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Majority of the patients had abnormal vaginal discharge and pruritus while the least number reported symptoms consistent with dyspareunia.
Conclusion: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis is a common infection among women. Some of the affected women may be asymptomatic but may still transmit the infection. Though lower than what obtains in some other settings the prevalence of 30%, is still significant.
Genital ulcer disease in a four-year-old child: Diagnostic challenges in a resource-limited setting
Authors: Henshaw Eshan , Olasode Olayinka , Etuk Imaobong
Published: February 2023

Background/Objective: Genital Ulcer diseases (GUD) are ulcerative lesions around the genitals, with or without regional lymph node enlargement, and which may or may not be sexually transmitted. The presence of inguinal/femoral lymphadenopathy (buboes) increases the likelihood of a sexually transmitted infection, presumably Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) or Chancroid. These conditions are rare in nonsexually active persons, such as children.
The Case: We report a rare case of GUD with inguinal and femoral lymphadenopathy in a 4 year old girl, who was often left in the care of an adolescent
male relative. There was no disclosure of sexual abuse, however, physical findings revealed suppurative buboes, suggestive of a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Objective evidence of sexual penetration was absent, as physical examination revealed an intact hymen. Lack of trained manpower, and diagnostic tools are some of the limitations to confirmation of the aetiology of GUD in resource limited settings.
Conclusion: This report is important on several fronts - it raises the possibility of childhood STI, but reveals the difficulty in confirming such a diagnosis in a resource deficient setting; it also brings into focus the probability of child sexual abuse (CSA) which is becoming more prevalent worldwide
Comparative Morphological Structures of Pollen Grains of Six Taxa of Silenoideae, Caryophyllaceae
Authors: Teleb Samir , Mabrouk Raja , Eldemerdash Marwa
Published: February 2023

The morphological structures of pollens grains of six taxa belonging to 3 genera of Silenoideae, Caryophyllaceae were examined with the light and scanning electron microscope . In order to elucidate its significance in taxonomy of the group, qualitative and quantitative variables of pollen characters related to the shape, size, aperture characteristics of pores, exine characteristics include exine thickness columellae pattern (LM), tectum (LM) and Sculpture of pollen grain were studied. The pollen grains in the studied species were apolar, polypantoporate, with 12-36 pores. The dominant character of pollen ornamentation is spinulose with variably sparse spinules. Pollen size also varies among different species, and length of the grain diameter are in medium-sized (23-60μm). Cluster and principal component analysis (PCA) of qualitative and quantitative data were used to demonstrate the pollen grains similarities among the species. UPGMA tree derived from cluster analysis reveals two major clusters, the first of which consists of three species (Silene dioca, Silene vulgaris subsp. thorei and Silene pusilla. The second cluster comprises the rest of species Silene vulgaris subsp. bosniaca, Dianthus gratianopolitanus and Minuartia mutabilis, a more pollen grains description to be obtained results in comparative manner to these taxa which belong the family.
ALCALIGENES FAECALIS, AN UNEXPECTED AGENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN A 14-YEARS-OLD BOY
Authors: Moscoso Joana , Silva In , Afonso Madalena , Nunes Paula
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Alcaligenes faecalis is a rare cause of urinary tract infection (UTI) in humans, especially in pediatrics. It is a potentially emerging pathogen, usually opportunistic, and it is often difficult to treat due to its increased resistance to several antibiotics. Urinary tract infection due to Alcaligenes faecalis in pediatrics it is not yet describe in literature.

Case report: We report the occurrence of Alcaligenes faecalis (spp faecalis) Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), presenting as acute cystitis, in a 14-years-old boy with previous history of non-obstructive bilateral renal lithiasis due to hyperuricosuria, pyelocaliceal duplicity in the right kidney and recurrent UTI. He was treated with empirical antibiotic with amoxicillin/clavulanate, with clinical improvement. A repeated urine culture was sterile after treatment.

Discussion: We review literature in pediatrics, and we found out that this agent is a very uncommon organism of infection and difficult to treat due to its increased resistance to several antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and quinolones. In pediatric literature, there is still few cases of infection described, due to Alcaligenes faecalis.

Conclusions: Clinicians should continue to direct initial empiric antimicrobial therapy toward the more commonly encountered bacteria. If Alcaligenes faecalis is identified in culture, it can represent a true pathogen, and not merely a contaminant. Alcaligenes faecalis is an unexpected agent of UTI that clinicians should keep in mind.
Que viene el coco: el brote de sarampión de 1883 en la ciudad de Segovia
Authors: De La Fuente Núñez Rubén
Published: February 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar las características del brote de sarampión de 1883 en la ciudad de Segovia, atendiendo a su mortalidad, recorrido temporal de la enfermedad, distribución en la población, edades de los fallecidos, género y las medidas implementadas para su control. Para ello, y basándonos en las partidas de defunción del juzgado municipal de Segovia de 1883, libro de acuerdos del Ayuntamiento, Boletín Oficial de la provincia, expedientes sanitarios, padrones de población y prensa local, entre otras, se ha realizado una reconstrucción de su paso por la capital y de las consecuencias que dejó en la población.
conciliación de la empleada del hogar: inexistente e invisible
Authors: Ayala del Pino Cristina
Published: February 2023

El trabajo doméstico y de cuidados es un elemento necesario para el bienestar y el soporte de la sociedad. Es una realidad que, el empleo en el hogar familiar continúa como una labor para las mujeres que, prestan sus servicios en la mayoría de los supuestos en condiciones de “esclavitud moderna”.

El motivo lo hallamos en que se realiza, con exclusividad en el interior de los hogares, los poderes públicos no han creado políticas idóneas, ni recursos suficientes, ni valoran un servicio que, por tradición, ha sido realizado por mujeres, en sus hogares o, en situaciones precarias, en las casas de otros

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar qué efectos derivan de las políticas públicas en el ámbito de la corresponsabilidad y conciliación de intereses personales, familiares y laborales desde la posición de la empleada del hogar.

Así, por un lado, se analiza el papel que desempeña la empleada del hogar como parte esencial, al no existir otras opciones públicas, para alcanzar la conciliación de intereses domésticos y labores de las familias y, por otro, como receptora de las medidas de conciliación previstas.
PASATIEMPO DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE UNA ACADEMIA EN LA REGIÓN HUANCAVELICA: UN ANÁLISIS PRELIMINAR
Authors: Quispe Mendoza Mariluz , Arias Sánchez Raúl Eleazar
Published: February 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo evidenciar las diversas discriminantes y similitudinarias actividades que realizan los jóvenes estudiantes de quinto año de secundaria de una academia situada en la región Huancavelica en sus tiempos libres, su grado de participación en la sociedad como adolescente y estudiantes a puertas de culminar la educación secundaria y cuan consumidores son de la tecnología en esta era digital (expansión de la web) como son: redes sociales, juegos virtuales, comunicación online, etc. Esta investigación empleó el método etnográfico de nivel descriptivo y para recabar la información. Fue aplicada una entrevista. El muestreo fue intencionado y por accesibilidad. Los resultados evidenciaron los diferentes pasatiempos, como también resalto la semejanza entre muchos de ellos, como son pasar su “tiempos libres” a solas; así también tener como objetivo clave a corto plazo como lograr obtener una vacante para seguir estudios universitarios.
APRENDIZAJE Y JUEGO, UN DERECHO NO SATISFECHO
Authors: Paco Huamani Wilfredo Fredy
Published: February 2023

El presente ensayo es una reflexión sobre la importancia del juego en el aprendizaje, enfocándose en el juego colectivo de los niños que en la temporada más álgida del COVID no se desarrolló adecuadamente por el aislamiento, poniendo sobre el tapete o significante de este para los problemas de aprendizaje y socioemocionales que pudiera ser consecuencia de esta etapa dentro de algunos años, si es que no se otorga la importancia necesaria. Se espera con este trabajo que los educadores, padres, estado y sociedad, quienes velan por el buen desarrollo de los niños, puedan tomar en cuenta para realizar estudios exhaustivos y prevenir las consecuencias de la falta del juego colectivo en la temporada del aislamiento a causa del COVID.
GENDER RECOGNITION AND AGE DETECTION USING HUMAN FACIAL FEATURES
Authors:   Information Technology Department, Birla VishvakarmaMahavidyalaya, Anand, Gujarat, India., Shah Dr. Zankhana , Malamdi Jayraj , Dave Bhavya , Bhatt Shrey , Shah Dhruv
Published: February 2023

One of the active study fields in recent years is the extraction of information from the human face. Numerous investigations on the identification of the most prevalent face variety, including age and gender, have been done. The approach for automatically determining a person's age and gender from their face is suggested in this paper and is based on convolutional neural networks and support vector machines. The four steps of this method are face detection, pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. A variety of convolutional neural networks have been trained to detect faces in live feed and also determine their age and gender are part of our system. Our model was trained using Adience benchmark dataset for age and gender prediction available on Kaggle, which has produced positive results. Keywords: Convolution neural network, Support Vector Machine, Face Detection, Multi-Task Cascaded Convolution Neural Networks, Principal Component Analysis, Adience benchmark dataset.
Health Promoters & Factors Influencing the Performance of Health Promoters: Literature Review
Authors: Wulandari Dewi , Surjoputro Antono , Mustofa Syamsulhuda Budi
Published: February 2023

Indonesia experiences a double burden of disease. According to Riskedas 2018, non-communicable diseases have increased and the Gerakan masyarakat hidup sehat (Germas) indicators have not been achieved. Health Promoters are health workers who play a role in the achievement of the Gemas indicator. For this reason, it is necessary to study the profession of Health Promoters and the factors that affect the performance of Health Promoters. The purpose of writing this literature review was to describe health promoters and analyze the determinants of the performance of health promoters. The method used is a literature review from journals and references related to Health Promoter, Health Promoter Performance and Performance.  Health Promoters as registered health workers in carrying out their duties based on existing professional standards. There are 3 (three) national journals and 3 (three) international journals related to the performance of Health Promoters, from these three sources it is known that the performance of Health Promoters were influenced by capabilities, incentives and organizational support. Factors that affect the performance of Health Promoters are capabilities, incentives and organizational support, for that it is necessary to improve the performance of Health Promoters through increased capabilities, incentives and organizational support.
Developing Beru Subdistrict’s Population Data Service Application towards Paperless Office and Good IT Governance
Authors: Suban Agustinus Lambertus , Reja Imelda Dua
Published: February 2023

Many government and private institutions have begun using information systems to process data and produce quality information. Likewise, the Beru Village Office is a government agency that takes care of population administration as a form of service to the community. Beru Village currently uses a computer as a tool to help with administration related to services. However, making certificates are still manual using Microsoft word.  This gives rise to inefficient time spent in mail creation and data search, and often, there are missing and damaged documents. In terms of storage room efficiency, if all these files are converted into digital form or digitized, then storage space is more effective, duplication costs are more efficient, and the use of paper for documents is minimized, or called a paperless office.  This reduces the environmental impact of the overuse of writing and is cost-effective, time-saving, efficient, and more productive. With a digital format, the dissemination of information becomes more accessible and faster as a manifestation of the paperless offices towards e-document-based institutions. This is why the idea of doing research and developing applications is given. The main shot is to create the implementation of a subdistrict towards a paperless office and Good IT Governance, as well as pilot projects for other agencies in processing data efficiently and entering the digital era.
Policy Implementation, Financial Management, Bureaucratic Innovation, and Community Participation on Regional Development Planning’s Effectiveness
Authors: Warman Warman
Published: February 2023

Indonesia is a developing country, therefore development programs continue to be encouraged in all fields because it is important for human survival in the world. To analyze the influence Policy Implementation has on the Effectiveness of South Tangerang City Regional Development Planning and that of Financial Management on the Effectiveness of Tangerang City Regional Development Planning South, this type of explanatory research is a strategy that is quite popular in mixed methods research and is often used by researchers who are inclined to quantitative processes and deemed suitable for this study. Regional development is not solely determined by the potential or wealth of abundant natural resources, but is also determined by systematic development planning, measurable, and comprehensive. Good financial management has been proven to be able to increase the effectiveness of regional development planning. The implementation of the financial management system begins with the formulation of the program and the determination of good performance indicators. It will be very useful to apply because it will serve as a benchmark in achieving the program objectives that have been set.
Clinker Volume on Seam H’s Distribution and Estimation Based on Coal Mine’s Drill Data
Authors: Asmoro Yoki Dwi , Ma'waleda Musri , Widodo Sri
Published: February 2023

Clinker is a rock change due to the process of burning and heating coal below the surface. The emergence of well-identified clinkers can prevent loss of coal reserve volume (Loss Reserve) and clinker can be used for haul road surfacing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution pattern of clinker and estimate the volume of clinker through 3D clinker modeling in the H seam of Sambarata Area, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province. Research methodology is divided into literature studies, data collection, data processing, data analysis and conclusions. The data used in this study are drill data which include coordinates, elevation, type of lithology, thickness and depth of clinker, and depth of drill points. Data processing and analysis of this study was carried out through clinker correlation using Minescape software version 8.1. Clinker correlation is performed to determine the continuity of the clinker layer from one drill point to another. Based on the results of the analysis on the correlation cross section, it was concluded that the distribution of clinker follows the morphological shape of hills starting from the ground surface at an elevation of +80 to +87 masl to an elevation of +15 to +25 masl horizontally extending towards the North-South according to the direction of the coal seam strike.
Sodium Levels and Leukocyte Levels as Predictor Factors in Cases of Pediatric Perforated Appendicitis
Authors: Givari Muhamad
Published: February 2023

Acute appendicitis is a surgical emergency that is often found in children with higher perforation rates at a younger age. Several examinations have been put forward as predictors of the incidence of appendix perforation. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of sodium and leukocytes as predictors of perforated appendicitis in children at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil, Padang.  This type of research is analytical with a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted from August to October 2022 at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. The sample was taken by consecutive sampling with criteria aged 0-18 years and diagnosed with acute appendicitis at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil. In this study, a sample of 112 people with perforation occurred in 67 samples (60%). In the perforation group, most patients (55%) aged 6-11 years were male (67%), had hyponatremia laboratory results (91%) and leukocytosis laboratory results (86.5%) and underwent laparotomy procedures (57.2%). From the SPSS results, a significant difference was obtained between the incidence of hyponatremia in perforated and non-perforated appendicitis with a p-value of <0.001. The limit of the predictive value of sodium is ?134.5 mmol / L. Leukocytes were also found to be associated with perforated appendicitis with a p-value of <0.001 The limit of the predictive value of leukocytes is ? 14,025 cells / mm3.  There was a significant association between sodium and leukocyte levels and perforation incidence with predictive value limits of ?134.5 mmol/L and ? 14,025 cells/mm3, respectively.
Strategy to Increase Padang City Government Apparatus' Capacity in Dealing with Earthquake and Tsunami
Authors: Algamar Andree Harmadi
Published: February 2023

Indonesia's West Sumatra is one area that has drawn attention due to a significant potential threat. With a 4,229,730 ha area, the province is rich in both historical significance and scenic beauty. On the other side, West Sumatra Province should be on guard against potential disasters. The goal of this study is to describe and analyze the capacity of the Padang City Government's capacity to prepare for earthquake and tsunami disasters, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors for increasing that capacity. It also seeks to identify the best strategy and strategy model for increasing the Padang City Government's capacity to prepare for earthquake and tsunami disasters. The researcher came to the conclusion that the dimensions of goals, attributes, self-concept, knowledge, and skills are crucial to enhancing the ability of the Padang City Government in preparation for earthquake and tsunami catastrophes based on the findings and previous talks. The ANDREE (Ability, Nationality, Drill, Rescue, Empowering, Efficient) approach is therefore recommended in this situation, according to academics.
Compliance with the Use of Mask in Young Adult Community Group in Kupang City
Authors: Basy Angel Yulied , Umbu Roga Anderias , Weraman Pius , Ratu Jacob M. , Lada Christina Olly
Published: February 2023

Background: COVID-19 is a deadly disease transmitted by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that spreads quickly and widely through droplets and the air. Prevention behavior through the 3M, namely maintaining distance, washing hands with soap, maintaining distance, and always using a mask when doing activities outside the home, is important for every individual. Community compliance with Government appeals is very important in controlling the increasing number of cases.
Aim: This study aims to analyze the simultaneous influence of knowledge, attitudes, social support, income, education, employment, and history of the COVID-19 vaccine to obtain a model of factors that influence adherence to the use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescent in Kupang City.
Method: This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was young adults with an age range of 20-40 years as many as 395 people. Data were collected using a list of questions and observations. Data analysis using multiple logistic regression.
Findings: The results of statistical analysis show that there is a significant effect between attitudes, social support, employment, and history of administering the COVID-19 vaccine with adherence to the use of masks. With the regression equation model g(x)=2.582+-2.521 (social support) +-3.222 (occupation) +-6.136 (vaccine history) with adherence to the use of masks. Occupation is the dominant variable, with a magnitude of 25,082 times its effect on compliance with the use of masks. Immediate actions taken by the government and relevant stakeholders are firstly increasing public knowledge through continuous health promotion about the dangers of COVID-19 and secondly increasing vaccination, and tightening community mobilization’s supervision.
The Effect of Leadership Style and Employment Policy on Employee Productivity: A Case Study
Authors: Effendy D. Andry , Santiago Faisal
Published: February 2023

Background: Each individual has their own leadership style in managing and determining their employment policies which affect employee productivity.
Aim: This study aims to determine the effect of leadership style and employment policy on employee productivity.
Method: This study uses quantitative research methods while data collection techniques are carried out through questionnaires with a sample of 30 as respondents who were selected using random sampling techniques and analyzed using multiple linear regression.
Findings: The results showed that the leadership style and employment policy had a significant effect on the productivity of  Syntax Corporation Indonesia employees. The results of the t test analysis obtained a leadership style t significance value of 0.003 and the employment policy t significance value of 0.002 was smaller than 0.5 so that it was proven that the leadership style variable (X1) and the employment policy variable (X2) had a significant effect on employee productivity (Y).
Border Insecurity and the Challenges of Transnational Terrorism in North East Nigeria
Authors: Hamidu Ishaku
Published: February 2023

Background: Using secondary sources of data, and adopting transnationalism theory, it is discovered that Nigeria’s territory and population are vulnerable. Consequently, the border towns and its people become prey to transnational terrorists’ organizations; drug barons; smugglers; among others. Some frontline settlers are conscripted into or give support to the criminal elements; engage in illegal smuggling, thereby making the state lose vital revenue from some traders and corrupt state officials at the border posts.
Aim: The study looked at some of the literature on border security and insecurity, terrorism on both a domestic and international scale, the effects of porous border security on people's lives, property, and socioeconomic activities, and the implications for those living in the border region of northeastern Nigeria.
Method: Articles from magazines, newspapers, textbooks, and other resources were compiled. The many authors' viewpoints and contents are studied or addressed in the sections that follow.
Findings: Border insecurity is the factor responsible for the inability of the states to halt the terrorists’ activities across Nigerian international boundary in the north-east axis. Government is therefore urged to establish its authority in those frontline states; equip the nation’s security operatives; boost cross-border security surveillances; provide social infrastructures for those at the border to make them patriotic and loyal to the state as the panacea for halting trans-border criminality and terrorism in the North-East in particular and Nigeria at large.
Overview of Program Policy Implementation Village-Based Neighborhood-Owned Enterprises (BUMRT)
Authors: Asnar Asnar
Published: February 2023

Background: National development aims to build independence including development, including the neighborhood. One of the government's current missions is to build the area to the bottom level, namely neighborhood, achieved through community empowerment to create a more productive society with business diversity, availability of facilities to support the economy, and optimize the potential that exists for economic growth.
Aim: This study aims to determine the Implementation of the Village-Based Neighborhood-Owned Enterprise (BUMRT) Policy in Sidomulyo Village, Samarinda Ilir District, Samarinda City, along with its supporting and inhibiting factors.
Method: It is a qualitative research. Purposive and accidental samplings were used. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, role-playing observations, and documentation. For the analysis, it used Miles and Huberman's interactive model data analysis technique.
Findings: The human resources available at BUMRT only consist of 6 members. At the planning stage, the village government prepares the budget needs of BUMRT based on the budget proposal submitted by BUMRT. At the budgeting stage, the village government budgets need to be distributed to Community Groups (Pokmas), and then Pokmas distribute budgets related to BUMRT needs. At the evaluation stage, reporting and accountability of the use of funds by BUMRT are carried out. There are activities such as socialization to the community, formation of preparatory teams, proposed draft BUMRT regulations, business license making, employee training, and capital facilitation and assistance, as well as the existence of BUMRT. They are expected to improve the welfare of the community, especially economically, as well as reducing unemployment.
Legal Protection on Pharmaceutical Product Patents by the Government on Covid-19’S Remdevisir and Favipiravir
Authors: Nurmawati Bernadete , Iryani Dewi , Setiawan Puguh Aji Hari , Herman KMS
Published: February 2023

Background: The implementation of patents by the Government for pharmaceutical products can be carried out in terms of very urgent needs for the benefit of the community, such as medicines that are still protected by patents to overcome Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) in Indonesia.
Aim: To analyze the implementation of Patents by the Government according to Law Number 13 of 2016 concerning Patents and legal protection for pharmaceutical product patent holders for the Implementation of Patents by the Government against remdevisir drugs and favipiravir.
Method: Research method based on normative juridical approach from various legal materials through literature studies.
Findings: To overcome the Covid-19 disease in Indonesia, the government needs to establish an access policy for pharmaceutical products as stated in Presidential Regulation Number 100 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Patents by the Government against Remdesivir Drugs and Presidential Regulation Number 101 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Patents by the Government against the Favipiravir Drug, on November 10, 2021. Patent holders of Remdevisir and Favipiravir medicinal pharmaceutical products are entitled to legal protection for the exercise of exclusive rights and payment of compensation during the Implementation of Patents by the Government in the amount of 1% of the net selling value of Remdesivir and Favipiravir drugs.
Consumer Protection Against the Production and Sale of Syrup Drugs Suspected of Being Contaminated with Hazardous Materials
Authors: Siahaan Nomensen Freddy
Published: February 2023

Recently, the Indonesian health world has been shocked by the alleged production and sale of syrup drugs suspected to be contaminated with Ethylene Glycol (EG)/Diethylene Glycol (DEG) which exceeds the safe threshold and triggers acute renal failure in children. This is very worrying because it is feared that the impact will be even wider. Based on the information cited by the author from the news article that the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BPOM RI) released an updated list of ethylene glycol (EG)/Diethylene Glycol (DEG) tainted syrup drugs that exceed the safe threshold. The contamination is suspected of triggering acute renal failure in children.  The method which was used in this Scholar Paper was the Qualitative Research Method, a kind of Normative Legal Writing which was based on prescriptive library research concerning the study of positive law. For the Primary Legal Materials, Scholar used references such as Act Number 8 Year 1999 regarding to Consumer Protection, etc. And for Secondary Legal Material, Scholar uses books, journals, papers, newspapers, and report of legal writing. Then, for Tertiary Legal Materials, Scholar used references such as legal dictionary, dictionary Indonesian-English dictionary and vice versa, etc. Consumer has rights that must be protected from legal perspectives. Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection Article 1 point (2) states that consumers are every user of goods and or services available in society, whether for the benefit of themselves, family, others, or other living beings and not for trading. It is crystal clear as regulated by our legislation, Consumer Protection must have a guarantee of legal certainty given to consumers. In this case Consumer Protection must have a guarantee of legal certainty provided to consumers in this case is a guarantee of the safety of syrup drugs on the market so that they are safe for consumption by their buyers. Plus buyers who take the syrup medicine are in an unwell state. Of course they want what is called healing, instead of getting worse, conditions such as kidney failure or even death.
A Qualitative Study of the Estonian Video Game Industry Expectations
Authors: Tunnel Raimond-Hendrik , Norbisrath Ulrich
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a qualitative study of Estonian video game companies. In total, 11 companies were interviewed regarding their company values and expectations for employees. The interviews consisted of two parts. First, a regular semi-structured interview was conducted. In the second part, we used three persona sheets based on Bachelor graduates to provide an imaginary but tangible hiring situation for the company. This allowed us to explore in more detail what the companies consider important in certain employee candidates.

Findings show that a strong common theme is that people working on video games need to be aware of the player and how the work shapes the game experience. Many companies encourage a work ethic based on individual responsibility and ownership in their employees. Interdisciplinary communication is very valued as well. Several companies said that employees need to be good fits, and a few even said that employees need to feel like part of a family. One company implied that, unfortunately, employees should be ready for crunch time.

Overall, this paper depicts the peculiarities of different Estonian video game companies. While some of these might be specific to Estonia, we believe companies elsewhere also exhibit such properties. Thus, this observation paper provides insight into the video game sector for video game curriculum designers, video game scholars, and the video game industry itself.
A Picture of Chemistry: A Case Study from High Schools (Hakkari Sample)
Authors: BARAN Mukadder , BARAN Medine
Published: February 2023

This research aims to draw a picture of chemistry lessons based on students’ opinions in Hakkari, Turkey. The research design is a case study. An open-ended qualitative questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was used. The questionnaire was applied to 463 tenth- and eleventh-grade students studying at high schools in Hakkari. The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods: content analysis, correlation tests, and chi-square tests. As a result, two categories were found: the factors affecting chemistry teaching and the effect of chemistry on students’ daily and future lives. According to this, students’ interest in chemistry is a factor in learning chemistry, the teaching method used by the teacher is an essential factor for chemistry, and having enough knowledge of chemistry affects achievement in other courses. A significant difference was found between female and male students choosing chemistry in their future careers, and the results were in favor of male students. On the contrary, female students thought that chemistry would be more permanent than males thought in their lives. The activities used in chemistry lessons, teachers’ attitudes in the classroom, and the use of chemistry examples in daily life are effective for learning chemistry and choosing chemistry for a future career.
The Imagineering Learning Model with Inquiry-Based Learning via Augmented Reality to Enhance Creative Products and Digital Empathy
Authors: Sreejun Surang , Chatwattana Pinanta
Published: February 2023

The objectives of this research are (1) to study and synthesise the conceptual framework of the imagineering learning model with inquiry-based learning via augmented reality to enhance creative products and digital empathy, (2) to develop the imagineering learning model with inquiry-based learning via augmented reality to enhance creative products and digital empathy, and (3) to study the results after using the imagineering learning model with inquiry-based learning via augmented reality to enhance creative products and digital empathy. The participants in this research include seven experts from various institutions, all of whom are specialised in the design and development of instruction models and instruction systems. The research tools consist of (1) the imagineering learning model with inquiry-based learning via augmented reality, and (2) the evaluation form on the suitability of the imagineering learning model with inquiry-based learning via augmented reality. According to the results of this research, it is found that (1) the conceptual framework of this research includes instruction system, imagineering learning, inquiry-based learning, augmented reality technology, creative products, and digital empathy, (2) the imagineering learning model with inquiry-based learning via augmented reality consist of four factors, i.e., input factor, learning process, output, and feedback, and (3) the study of the results after using the imagineering learning model by seven participants shows that 3.1) the overall suitability of the development of the imagineering learning model with inquiry-based learning via augmented reality (overall elements) is at the highest level (Mean = 4.69, SD. = 0.47), and 3.2) the overall suitability of the development of the imagineering learning model with inquiry-based learning via augmented reality is at the highest level (Mean = 4.70, SD. = 0.46).
Effect of Internship on B.Ed. Trainees
Authors: Roy Dr. Sangita
Published: February 2023

Internship plays a most important role to in B.Ed. course. Therefore, would be teachers must get training before entering the teaching profession and this training makes the trainees stronger in their field. In regulation 2014 NCTE includes the B.Ed. teaching internship for 16 weeks. It provides practical experience to B.Ed. trainees on subject knowledge and pedagogical knowledge. In this study investigator tried to reflect and find out the effect of internship on B.Ed. trainees’ development of subject knowledge and pedagogical knowledge. In this purpose, Descriptive Survey method has been used. Data are collected randomly from 90 B.Ed. trainees’ stream wise, after completion of their Teaching Internship. After analysis result showed that trainees have develop their subject knowledge and pedagogical knowledge during internship. Also result not found any significant difference among the B.Ed. trainees stream wise and finds a significant positive correlation between subject knowledge and pedagogical knowledge.
Diversidad del género Tachigali (Leguminosae) y su uso potencial en la recuperación de áreas degradadas en la Amazonía del sur peruano
Authors: Huamantupa-Chuquimaco Isau
Published: February 2023

El conocimiento de la biodiversidad y su aplicación para resolver problemas que afectan tanto al ser humano como a los ecosistemas son hoy en día muy importantes y necesarios, por ejemplo, para aplicarlos en la restauración ecológica. En el presente estudio, evaluamos la riqueza de especies del género arbóreo Tachigali (Leguminosae), en la región de Madre de Dios, y experimentamos la potencialidad de dos especies (Tachigali chrysaloides y T. aff. Setifera) para recuperar ambientes degradados, considerando que el género posee nódulos bacterianos. Para estimar la riqueza de especies de Tachigali en Madre de Dios, se realizaron tratamientos taxonómicos de colecciones realizadas en la región. Para conocer el potencial de restauración, se monitorearon a 4 individuos de T. chrysaloides y T. aff. setifera tanto en bosque primario como en bosque secundario (“purma”), por 10 años. Se reporta la presencia de 10 especies de Tachigali en Madre de Dios. El crecimiento de las dos especies revela que existe una marcada diferencia, siendo la especie T. aff. setifera quien presentó mayor desarrollo en alturas y diámetros. Al evaluar a los individuos del bosque y la purma, en la segunda muestran mayor desarrollo significativo. Concluimos que la riqueza de Tachigali en Madre de Dios es relativamente baja y necesita de mayores estudios. Por otro lado, especies nativas del género Tachigali ofrecen un potencial para ser usadas en restaurar suelos degradados y por consiguiente hábitats, como los que existen en los ámbitos de Cusco y Madre de Dios.
Superación de la dormición en semillas de la leguminosa árbol Pseudosamanea guachapele (Kunth) Harms
Authors: Cunha Labre Juliana Cristina , Siqueira Conceição Patrícia , Souza da Cruz Maria Carolina , Böer Breier Tiago
Published: February 2023

La especie Pseudosamanea guachapele (Kunth) Harms es una leguminosa fijadora de nitrógeno con potencial de uso en la recuperación de áreas degradadas, plantaciones intercaladas de eucalipto, sistemas agroforestales y silvopastoriles. Sus semillas tienen dormición debido a que el tegumento es impermeable al agua y esta dormición debe superarse en el proceso de producción de plántulas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue probar en laboratorio diferentes métodos para romper la dormición de P. guachapele considerando el porcentaje de germinación. El experimento se realizó en germinadores con iluminación constante y temperatura de 25 °C. Las semillas se colocaron en cajas de germinación utilizando arena como sustrato. En total, se probaron siete tratamientos para superar la dormición y un tratamiento de control. Los tratamientos con ácido sulfúrico y escarificación mecánica mostraron los mejores resultados.
HYDROCARBON TRAP TYPES ON THE BLACK SEA OFFSHORE ROMANIA
Authors: Mitrea Ioana Cornelia , Dinu Florinel , Batistatu Valentin Mihail
Published: February 2023

The first oil discovery from Romanian Black Sea area was in 1987, relatively late compared with the first successful Romanian onshore well, more than 100 years earlier. Starting from that moment and continuing till recent years, several discoveries were done; some are already put into production and some others are still in the exploration phase.
In order to extract as much oil as possible and also to define new hydrocarbon reservoirs, it is mandatory to have a proper understanding of the petroleum systems from the area. A petroleum system is represented by all the elements (source rock, reservoir rock, seal and trap), together with the processes (generation, migration, accumulation and preservation) which together lead to a hydrocarbon accumulation.
Because the Black Sea basin has a complex geology, with combined tectonic regime, extensional at the opening of the basin converted to compressional regime in the later stages, and also with different stratigraphic features, the resulted traps are structural, stratigraphic or combined, with different characteristics.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the traps which were identified in the Romanian Black Sea area, both in shallow and deep water zones, to classify them and understand how were formed. This aspect has a big impact in the grasp of the reservoir extensions as well as in identifying the best place for drilling of new wells.
THE LOST (�R FORGOTTEN) ISLANDS OF THE WESTERN BLACK SEA
Authors: Peev Preslav , Prodanov Bogdan
Published: February 2023

In the restoration of the historical and geographical conditions of today's Bulgarian lands, historical sources and documents of different origin, character and purpose come into use. The lack of sufficiently complete and accurate information about the development and dynamics of coastal archaeological landscapes in the narrative source material enhances the importance of medieval and renaissance maps of the Black Sea basin, which are an invaluable source of information. The combination of this information, together with the acquired archeological finds and the data from coastal and underwater geomorphological research, with great scientific reliability can restore the ancient appearance of certain objects. The study examined a large number of medieval and renaissance maps representing the port system on the Western Black Sea coast. The images of islands that do not exist today make a vivid impression. In order to be depicted on the navigational charts, it is obvious that they were important to the sailors of that time (hiding places, reef dangers, etc.). In the analysis of the old maps with the modern bathymetric map, as well as the conducted sea research, it was established that the locations of the depicted islands coincide with the places of modern rocky banks. The article offers options for their origin.