bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benign dataveillance? Examining novel data-driven governance systems in India and China
Authors: Arora Payal
Published: April 2019

This study examines novel data-driven models of governance emerging from the Global South, specifically India and China, enabled by Net-based technologies. The first model, the biometric identity scheme or ‘Aadhaar’ project in India consolidates citizens’ digital identities to enable access to government services such as welfare benefits. The second model is China’s Social Credit System. By combining the citizens’ financial records, online shopping data, social media behaviour and employment history, the system will produce a personal score for each citizen. This rating system will be used to measure the citizens’ trustworthiness. This research unpacks these value-embedded systems posited as digital innovations to strengthen citizenship through new forms of political participation, inclusion and representation. In doing so, we are confronted with what constitutes as “democracy” in this datafied and global era, beyond the universalisms that are on offer today.
Open data, closed government: Unpacking data.gov.sg
Authors: Stevens Hallam
Published: April 2019

In 2011, Singapore created data.gov.sg as an open, online repository for government data. This essay examines this Web portal, the data it contains, and some of the applications that have been built using it and aims to understand the role that data.gov.sg plays within the context of Singapore’s continued political and economic development. Although such portals and the data they contain are often presented as offering transformative modes of governance and democratic participation, analysis of data.gov.sg shows how the data portal can act to reinforce and entrench existing modes of governance.
The politics of big borders: Data (in)justice and the governance of refugees
Authors: Metcalfe Philippa , Dencik Lina
Published: April 2019

This article provides an overview of the collection and uses of data in relation to European border regimes. We analyse the significance of these developments for the governance of refugee populations and make the case that within the current policy context of European border control, data functions to systematically stigmatize, exclude and oppress ‘unwanted’ migrant populations through mechanisms of criminalisation, identification, and social sorting. This, we argue, highlights the need to engage with data politics in a way that considers both the politics in data as well as the politics of data, highlighting the agendas and interests that advance the implementation of these technologies, privileging justice concerns on terms that go beyond techno-legal solutions, and positioning those who are most impacted by developments at the forefront of discussions.
Numerical simulations of two components ecological models with sinc collocation method
Authors: Barati Ali , Atabaigi Ali
Published: April 2019

It is well known that reaction-diffusion systems can describe the interactions of different species in ecological systems. In this work, we propose a numerical method  for solving a general two-species reaction-diffusion system. The method comprises a standard finite difference to discretize  in time direction and Sinc collocation method in spatial direction. A series of numerical experiments demonstrate  the accuracy and good performance of the algorithm. The biological significance of the numerical results was also discussed and presented in figures.
A new differential operator of analytic functions involving binomial series
Authors: Frasin Basem
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we introduce a new di¤erential operator of analytic functions involving binomial series. Furthermore, we derive some subordination and superordination results for this operator. Some applications and examples are also obtained.
“Let Us Return to Herr Nietzsche”: On Health and Revaluation
Authors: Shepherd Melanie
Published: April 2019

Nietzsche's 1886 prefaces, in which he reorients his earlier work toward his future project of the revaluation of values, are pervaded by the theme of health, and more specifically, Nietzsche's own health. In On the Genealogy of Morals, health is not a topic in its own right, but it recedes into the background as an evaluative criterion by which to judge Christian morality. In this article, I use Nietzsche's discussion of health in the 1886 prefaces to shed light on the role of health in his project of revaluation. Specifically, I will claim that in attending to health, Nietzsche experiments with an evaluation that twists free of a faith in opposite values.
Seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass in fragmented patches of subtropical humid forest of Jaintia hills in Meghalaya, Northeast India
Authors: Pao Ngakhainii Trune , Upadhaya Krishna
Published: April 2019

Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the seasonal dynamics of microbial biomass and its contribution to soil system along a fragment size gradient in subtropical humid forest of Meghalaya.   Area of study: The study was conducted in forest fragments located at Jarain and adjoining areas in Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya, northeast India.Material and Methods: Forest fragments of sizes ranging from 3.8 to 105 ha were selected for the study and grouped into Small (< 5 ha), Medium (> 5 and < 15 ha), Large (>15 and < 50 ha) and Very Large (105 ha) classes. Three experimental plots each of 20 x 20 m were established at the forest edge and at 50 m distance assigned as ‘interior’ microsite in each of the fragments for sampling of soil. Soil samples (0-10 cm depth) from each of the experimental plots were collected in replicates on seasonal interval and microbial biomass was estimated by the fumigation extraction method.Important findings: Microbial biomass- C, -N and -P varied significantly (p< 0.05) between the fragment sizes, microsites and seasons. The microbial biomass was higher in the interior as compared to the edge. It was also high during the winter season. Overall, soil microbial biomass -C, -N and -P ranged from 260 to 969; 25 to 95 and 8 to 67 µg g-1 respectively. The contribution of microbial biomass -C, -N and -P to soil organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and phosphorus ranged from 1.48 to 1.81 %, 2.54 to 4.54 % and 3.41 to 5.22 % respectively. Fragmentation alters the microenvironmental conditions and soil properties that in turn affect the microbial biomass. Highlights: This interaction of plant, soil and microbial community would gradually degrade in the fragments due to change in vegetation composition and structure, microclimatic conditions and soil physical and chemical properties. Our results suggests that microbial mediated ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling are more susceptible to variation at the edge which may become unstable and unpredictable in forest fragments exposed to various human disturbances.Keywords: fragment size, microbial biomass, microenvironment, subtropical forest.
Use of Internet Health Information Among Students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alghamdi Etab S. , Alqarni Alaa S. , Bakarman Maryah M. , Moniem Mukhtar Abdel , Bakarman Marwan A.
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: Internet is a resource used to deliver health information, and has the potential to provide nutrition education in particular for individuals with a good level of education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of internet as a source for health information and analyzing the related factors for internet as a source for health information among students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

METHODS: We recruited 164 high schools, undergraduate and postgraduate students living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered structured questionnaire to collect data on searching the internet for health information was used. It included frequency and timing of search, type of information, use of information in decision making, general health condition and socio-demographic characteristics. Differences between students who perceived and those who did not perceive improvement in health care after using internet health information were assessed using the chi-squared test.

RESULTS: 92.7% of the students usually searched the internet for health information and 84.8% perceived internet health information as a help towards improving their health status. Students at higher educational levels talked significantly more often with their doctors regarding the health information they got from the internet (p = 0.014). We found significantly higher rates of perceived improvement in health among females (p <0.001), participants who trusted the health information they got from the internet (p <0.001), those who searched the internet for health information for themselves and other persons (p = 0.034), who searched for information on health care, physical fitness and nutrition and specific diseases (p = 0.005) and those who did it to increase their knowledge (p = 0.024).

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS: The majority of participants perceived the health information they got from the internet as a help towards improving their health status. Interventions should be developed to enhance the use of internet health information among males and high school students.
Breaking seed dormancy of Astragalus penduliflorus Lam.
Authors: Dziurka Kinga , Skrzypek Edyta , Dubert Franciszek
Published: April 2019

Astragalus penduliflorus Lam. is an alpine-subalpine species. Several isolated populations occur in Europe: in the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians and in central Sweden. Astragalus penduliflorus is considered as critically endangered species in Poland, growing only at the locality in the Smytnia Valley, in the Western Tatra Mountains. The population is at risk, due to the limited reproduction caused by law rate of seed germination, periodically shortened vegetation period that prevent seed development and gnawing the aerial plant parts by deer. The aim of the study was to explain the reason for the poor germination of A. penduliflorus seeds. As a result of mechanical scarification, 100% of A. penduliflorus seeds germinated, which proved that these seeds are characterized by a water-impermeable seed coat, which classified them as hard seeds that go through physical dormancy. Results obtained in this work can be used for effective reproduction and active conservation of threatened A. penduliflorus.
Molecular docking studies of salubrinal and its analogs as inhibitors of the GADD34:PP1 enzyme
Authors: Zadorozhnii Pavlo V. , Pokotylo Ihor O. , Kiselev Vadym V. , Okhtina Oxana V. , Kharchenko Aleksandr V.
Published: April 2019

The phenomenon of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as a molecular pathophysiological process underlies diseases as cancer, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, neurodegenerative disorders, diseases of the urinary system, disorders associated with bone integrity, etc. To prevent ER stress, salubrinal, which is a phosphatase inhibitor of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor - GADD34:PP1, is currently being intensively studied. The aim of this work is to search for new analogues of this drug using molecular docking methods. Optimization of the geometry of the studied structures and molecular docking was carried out using the ArgusLab 4.0.1 software package. The three-dimensional crystal structure of the GADD34: PP1 enzyme (PDB ID: 4XPN) was loaded in the PDB format from the protein molecule data bank. The model of the binding site was created on the basis of the phosphoric acid residue (403 PO4). The dimensions of the binding site were set manually and were 40.000 Å along the X-axis, 40.000 Å - the Y-axis and 40.000 Å - the Z-axis. The docking was done with a flexible ligand, and the semi-empirical AScore function was used for the scoring procedure. It was shown that for the salubrinal molecule the most favorable was the conformation stabilized by the intramolecular hydrogen bond formed between the hydrogen atom of the thiourea fragment and the oxygen atom of the amide fragment. According to molecular docking data, six compounds from the fifty-four analyzed analogues of salubrinal exceed it in the stability of the complex formed with GADD34:PP1. The results of this work can be used to create new phosphatase inhibitors of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor GADD34:PP1.
Perspectives in solubility measurement and interpretation
Authors: Bergström Christel A.S. , Avdeef Alex
Published: April 2019

Several key topics in solubility measurement and interpretation are briefly summarized and illustrated with case studies drawing on published solubility determinations as a function of pH. Featured are examples of ionizable molecules that exhibit solubility-pH curve distortion from that predicted by the traditionally used Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and possible interpretations for these distortions are provided. The scope is not exhaustive; rather it is focused on detailed descriptions of a few cases. Topics discussed are limitations of kinetic solubility, ‘brick-dust and grease-balls,’ applications of simulated and human intestinal fluids, supersaturation and the relevance of pre-nucleation clusters and sub-micellar aggregates in the formation of solids, drug-buffer/excipient complexation, hydrotropic solubilization, acid-base ‘supersolubilization,’ cocrystal route to supersaturation, as well as data quality assessment and solubility prediction. The goal is to highlight principles of solution equilibria – graphically more than mathematically – that could invite better assay design, to result in improved quality of measurements, and to impart a deeper understanding of the underlying solution chemistry in suspensions of drug solids. The value of solid state characterizations is stressed but not covered explicitly in this mini-review.
Termodynamiczne i kinetyczne aspekty regulowanego azotowania gazowego
Authors: Michalski Jerzy , Tacikowski Jan
Published: April 2019

W artykule porównano dwuskładnikowe atmosfery wlotowe rozcieńczane zdysocjowanym amoniakiem (NH3/NH3zd) oraz azotem (NH3/N2). W atmosferach NH3/NH3zd rozporządzalność azotu regulowano zmieniając stopień rozcieńczenia atmosfery wlotowej zdysocjowanym amoniakiem. W atmosferach wlotowych NH3/N2 rozporządzalność azotu regulowano również zmieniając stopień rozcieńczenia azotem atmosfery wlotowej. W artykule wykazano między innymi, jeżeli w pierwszym stopniu procesu wartość potencjału przyjmuje wartości z obszaru trwałości fazy γ’, towarzyszy temu ograniczenie kinetyki wzrostu warstwy azotowanej. Ograniczenie to występuje również po wzroście potencjału do wartości z obszaru trwałości fazy ε. W odróżnieniu od atmosfery rozcieńczanej zdysocjowanym amoniakiem, nie ma znaczenia, czy w pierwszym stopniu procesu rozporządzalność azotu jest niska a w drugim stopniu wysoka czy też odwrotnie, końcowy efekt procesu pod względem parametrów warstwy azotowanej jak i pod względem kinetyki wzrostu grubości warstwy azotowanej jest taki sam. Świadczy to o uniwersalności atmosfer azotujących uzyskanych z dwuskładnikowej atmosfery wlotowej rozcieńczanej azotem.
Ocena wpływu warunków badania na parametry mechaniczne miedzi wyznaczone w procesie indentacji
Authors: Makuch Anna , Grygiel Dariusz , Szczeblewski Michał , Korzeniewski Wojciech
Published: April 2019

Celem pracy była ocena zjawisk na poziomie mikrostrukturalnym w procesie odkształcania popularnego w zastosowaniach medycznych materiału jakim jest miedź, a w szczególności zbadanie wpływu parametrów indentacji tj. prędkości odkształcenia, czasu przetrzymania i siły obciążania/odciążania na jej właściwości mechaniczne. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zależności między strukturą materiału, charakterem odkształcenia i właściwościami mechanicznymi. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że największy wpływ na parametry określone w procesie indentacji spośród badanych zmiennych ma siła, z jaką wgłębnik zagłębia się w materiał. Najwyższą twardość odnotowano przy sile 500 mN i prędkości 5000 mN/min. Również na wielkość energii odkształcenia niesprężystego największy wpływ ma siła obciążenia/odciążenia – jej wzrost o 50% powoduje dwukrotny wzrost pracy odkształcenia niesprężystego.
Development and Validation of HPLC Fluorescence and UPLC/DAD Stability-Indicating Methods for Determination of Hepatitis C Antiviral Agent Daclatasvir
Authors: Kamal Amira H , Ismail Nahla S , Mabrouk Mokhtar M , Bebawy Lories I , Mekky Mai A
Published: April 2019

Background: Few stability-indicating chromatographic methods were published for determination of daclatasvir. All used UV detection. Objective: This work aimed to develop rapid, specific, and novel stability-indicating methods using HPLC with fluorescence detection and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with UV detection for the determination of daclatasvir in bulk powder and in its dosage form. Methods: The drug was subjected to hydrolysis (acidic and alkaline) as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The fragmentation pattern of the drug was studied using LC-MS. Separation was carried out first by HPLC using Thermo BDS Hypersil Phenyl (300 mm × 4 mm, 5 μm) column and a mobile phase consisting of ammonium phosphate buffer (0.02 M) pH 3–methanol (40+60, v/v) at flow rate 1 mL/min. Quantitation was achieved by fluorescence detection at 305 and 457 nm for excitation and emission, respectively. The second method used UPLC equipped with diode-array detector. Acquity BEH C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used with the same mobile phase at flow rate 0.4 mL/min and detection wavelength at 305 nm. ICH guidelines were used for validation. Results: The mean percentage recovery ± SD values for tablet assay were found to be 101.12 ± 0.655 and 99.78 ± 0.632 by HPLC and UPLC methods, respectively. The assay results showed a good agreement with the reported method. Conclusions: The developed HPLC and UPLC methods provide simple, accurate, and reproducible analysis of daclatasvir without interference from degradates. Highlights: This is the first research using fluorescence detection in a stability-indicating chromatographic method for determination of daclatasvir.
Sistema de controle interno do setor público: um estudo nos municípios do Vale do Caí - RS
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Diehl Willian , Souza Romina Batista de Lucena de ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Flach Raquel ,   Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Bruchêz Adriane ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Published: April 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o funcionamento e a estrutura dos Sistemas de Controle Interno de municípios do Vale do Caí - RS. Em termos metodológicos a pesquisa classifica-se como qualitativa e quantitativa, descritiva e levantamento. Como resultado do estudo, foram apontados pontos positivos e negativos das unidades. Os principais pontos negativos foram a formação de servidores apenas com ensino médio, a ausência ou segregação das atividades de contadores na Unidade de Central de Controle Interno, a baixa carga horária exercida e o insuficiente treinamento. Os pontos positivos destacam-se a experiência dos servidores na área pública, a formalização e registro dos trabalhos e a composição das unidades por servidores efetivos. Acredita-se que estas análises possam auxiliar a tomada de decisão de gestores públicos no aperfeiçoamento de seus controles, contribuindo com a sociedade em geral, principalmente com as camadas mais carentes que dependem praticamente dos serviços prestados pela administração pública.
The impact of major league baseball on the incidence of operative hand and facial trauma at a level 1 trauma center
Authors: Ricci Joseph A. , Vargas Christina R. , Ho Olivia A. , Lin Samuel J. , Lee Bernard T.
Published: April 2019

Background Professional affiliation between medical centers and professional sports teams can be mutually beneficial in the provision of healthcare and marketing strategy. Anecdotal evidence suggests a link between trauma volume and sporting events; however, there is limited data. This study aims to characterize the incidence of operative hand and facial trauma during professional baseball home games.

Methods A retrospective review of surgical cases for traumatic hand or facial injuries at a level 1 center between 1999 and 2012 was performed. Demographic information including date of injury, admission status, and operative repair were collected. Patients were grouped based on whether their trauma occurred on the date of a home game.

Results Operative hand and facial trauma occurred at a rate of 33.4 injuries per 100 days with home games, compared to 22.2 injuries per 100 days (incidence rate ratios, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.34–1.69). When home games were played, patients were more likely to present as a result of motorcycle accidents (3.1% vs. 1.5%; P=0.04) or bicycle accidents (5.0% vs. 2.6%; P=0.01). Other mechanisms of trauma were not statistically different. There was an increase incidence of injuries during home games in August; weekly variability showed an increased incidence during the weekends.

Conclusions There was an increased rate of operative hand and facial injuries on dates with professional home games. The incidence of injuries during home games was higher in the late summer and on the weekends. Further analysis may allow improved resource allocation and strategies for injury prevention and treatment.
Spare parts neoumbilicoplasty
Authors: Tobler William D. , Nicholas Kelly N. , Cruz Carolyn De La
Published: April 2019

Umbilical preservation can be challenging, particularly in complex cases involving simultaneous ventral hernia repair and abdominoplasty. Although the umbilicus serves no functional purpose, removal of the umbilicus can draw unwanted attention to the abdominal area and can cause emotional distress to patients. There are several well documented options for umbilical reconstruction. We present a new umbilical reconstruction technique relevant for such cases. This neoumbilicoplasty allows for preservation of the original umbilicus with relocation and reconstruction using local flaps. The technique is relatively simple and the time needed is minimal. The result is a natural, well positioned umbilicus using the principles of spare part surgery.
Caminos de frontera: espacio y poder en la historia del piedemonte amazónico colombiano
Authors: Uribe Simón
Published: April 2019

Objective/context: This article analyzes of ethnographic, geographical and cartographic discourses around transportation infrastructure plans and projects in the Andean-Amazonian foothills of southern Colombia. Specifically, it shows how the colonial and postcolonial vision of the foothills as a physical and symbolic frontier between a “civilized” and a “savage” world has been instrumental in the conception and execution of such plans and projects, and, more broadly, in the control and appropriation of the Amazonian region. Originality: Usually, historical works on the Colombian nation-building have adopted a monolithic and centric vision of infrastructure because development has historically been confined to a limited portion of the national territory. On the contrary, this article focuses on the role of regions considered “frontiers”, “peripheries” or “margins” in the construction and legitimation of a hegemonic state project. Methodology: The research is based on the analysis and contrasting of primary sources such as travelers’ accounts, cartographic representations, and missionary and government archives. Conclusions: By establishing historical continuity in the discourses and infrastructure practices of the Andean-Amazonian foothills, we can conclude that these are part of a long-standing tradition in which the foothills is seen as a frontier, and roads and highways are viewed as “civilizing” infrastructure of the Amazonian space.
An ESCRT-LEM protein surveillance system is poised to directly monitor the nuclear envelope and nuclear transport system
Authors: Thaller David J , Allegretti Matteo , Borah Sapan , Ronchi Paolo , Beck Martin , Lusk C Patrick
Published: April 2019

The integrity of the nuclear membranes coupled to the selective barrier of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are essential for the segregation of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. Mechanical membrane disruption or perturbation to NPC assembly triggers an ESCRT-dependent surveillance system that seals nuclear pores: how these pores are sensed and sealed is ill defined. Using a budding yeast model, we show that the ESCRT Chm7 and the integral inner nuclear membrane (INM) protein Heh1 are spatially segregated by nuclear transport, with Chm7 being actively exported by Xpo1/Crm1. Thus, the exposure of the INM triggers surveillance with Heh1 locally activating Chm7. Sites of Chm7 hyperactivation show fenestrated sheets at the INM and potential membrane delivery at sites of nuclear envelope herniation. Our data suggest that perturbation to the nuclear envelope barrier would lead to local nuclear membrane remodeling to promote membrane sealing. Our findings have implications for disease mechanisms linked to NPC assembly and nuclear envelope integrity.
Impact of Agricultural Financing on Nigeria Economy
Authors: Ademola Ayodele E.
Published: April 2019

The importance of agricultural surplus for the structural transformation accompanying economic growth is often addressed by development economists. In view of this, the study empirically assesses the impact of agricultural finance on the growth of Nigerian economy.

This paper employed secondary data and econometric techniques of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) of multiple regression estimates. The result of the model used suggests that the productivity of investment will be more appropriately financed with resources administered by the commercial and specialized financial institutions. And also, that there are an urgent and sincere needs to expand the credit size to the agricultural sector in order to enhance the productivity growth of the sector. It is recommended that maintenance of credible macroeconomic policies that is pro-investment in overhauling the Agricultural Sector and debt-equity swap option are necessary for an agricultural-led economic growth.
Impact of Cement Dust on Physico-chemical Properties of Soils around a Cement Factory in Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
Authors: A. Kokatnur Sukumar , Saviramath V. B.
Published: April 2019

Aims: To study the physicochemical properties of soil around the cement factory, to examine the effect of the industrial dust on the soil properties and to analyse the relation between the proportion of pollutants and the distance from the cement factory.

Study Design: Were used to analyse the relationship between soil samples at four different locations within the study area. Statistical methods such as; percentage, graph and Pearson correlation method.

Place and Duration of Study: For this study soil samples were collected around J k cement factory near Muddhapura of Mudhol Taluk of Bagalkot district in the pre monsoon period at four directions. Samples were analysed using titrant method, flame photometer method, oslen method to determine physicochemical properties. Pearson correlation method was used to analyse the relation between concentration of different elements in the soil samples and distances in four directions.

Results: From detailed analysis it was observed that there was increase in concentration of major elements, such as P, Ca, and Mg. However, there are some exceptions such as OC, N, S, Na, Zn, and Fe whose concentration in the soil samples increase with increase in distances in all directions. Since their correlation with distance is positive and significant since the P-value is less than 0.05. 

Conclusion: In the present study, it has been established that the physicochemical properties of the soils around the factory have been changed due to the dust deposition as it is adversely affecting the composition soils. This in turn affected the concentration of nutrients required for plants growth. Furthermore, it may become hazardous to soil, flora and fauna.
Antiglycation and Fatty Acids Profiling in Response to Phyocyanin Extracted from Chlorophyta Ulva lactuca Algae Loaded on Albumin Nano-particles (ULANP) in Diabetic Rats
Authors: L. Al-Malki Abdulrahman , Barbour Elie K. , Balamash Khadijah S. , Alshubaily Fawzia A. , Abualnaja Khalid O. , Abdulaal Wesam H. , Zeyadi Mustafa A. , Al-Zahrani Maryam H. , Kumosani Taha A. , Moselhy Said S.
Published: April 2019

Aim: This study evaluated the effect of Phyocyanin extracted from Chlorophyta Ulva lactuca algae loaded on albumin nano-particles (ULANP) on diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods: Fifty albino rats were divided into 5 goups.  GPI: control and GPII: rats were injected with alloxan (75 mg /kg) i.p for six consecutive days for induction of diabetes. This group was subdivided into 4 subgroups: GP IIa: (Untreated diabetic): GP IIb: rats were given with ULANP (100 mg/kg).GP IIc: Rats were given ULANP (200 mg/kg) i.p. GP IId: Rats were given insulin (100 unit/ day). Serum NO, interleukin-6 glucose, AGEs and fatty acids profile was determined.

Results:  Analysis of ULANP by FTIR showed the characteristic band (2100 cm-1~ 3700 cm-1) that is indicated mainly from -COO, – CO and conjugated double bond. These bonds showed spectral bands peak 2985 cm-1 and 2860 cm-1, 2986 cm-1.  Administration of ULANP in diabetic rats exerted an anti-inflammatory by lowering NO and IL-6 levels and hypoglycemic effects by decreased glucose and reduced AGEs levels. In addition, ULAPN lowered percent of saturated fatty acids while elevated unsaturated fatty acids percent.

Conclusion: It was concluded that, ULAPN is a promising effective anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic agent compared with other therapeutic agents with lower site effects.
The Social Representations of Patients’ Relatives in Intensive Care Units: The Implications to Self-Caring / Representações Sociais de Familiares de Pacientes em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva: Implicações no Cuidado de Si
Authors: Freitas Karina de Oliveira , Costa Torres Rafael Santana , Dias da Silva Silvio Éder , Monteiro Gleidiane Oliveira , Vasconcelos Esleane Vilela
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Analisar e descrever os significados associadas ao cuidado e a unidade de terapia intensiva, e suas implicações para o cuidado de si por familiares de pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Pesquisa do tipo descritiva, qualitativa, com suporte teórico-conceitual da Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizada com 40 familiares de pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva, no período de 11 a 29 de novembro de 2014. Resultados: Os depoimentos foram sintetizados em três unidades temáticas. Assim denominadas: “Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: Morte versus Cuidado”, “Mudanças no Cuidado de Si: familiares de pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva” e “Cuidado: Ato de amor”. Conclusão: Por meio desta pesquisa, foi possível descrever as representações sociais dos familiares de pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva sobre o cuidado e a unidade de terapia intensiva, e as suas implicações para o cuidado de si
Contributions of the Nursing Care Systematization to the Chronic Kidney Patient: An Integrative Review / Contribuições da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem ao Paciente Renal Crônico: Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Silva Amina Regina , Forte Elaine Cristina Novatzki , Padilha Maria Itayra , Vieira Amanda Nicácio
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Analisar as contribuições da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem (SAE) no cuidado prestado ao paciente com Insuficiência Renal Crônica, identificando os principais diagnósticos de enfermagem encontrados. Método: foi realizado uma revisão integrativa de literatura, nas bases/bibliotecas de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO e BDENF. Seguindo a metodologia composta por seis etapas, proposta por Lawrence H. Ganong. Resultados: obteve-se 15 artigos que compuseram na integra esta pesquisa. Os quais destacaram que a SAE é um instrumento de importância fundamentada nos estudos, que impacta de maneira direta na segurança do paciente. Trazendo ainda como principais diagnósticos de enfermagem: Risco de infecção, intolerância a atividade, risco de perfusão renal ineficaz e padrão de sono alterado. Conclusão:apesar da importância destacada da SAE, de maneira controvérsia, os trabalhadores não possuem conhecimento suficiente e não demandam de pessoal o suficiente para exercer a de maneira adequada nos serviços de nefrologia, devido à sobrecarga de trabalho
Colorful Metahologram with Independently Controlled Images in Transmission and Reflection Spaces
Authors: Zhang Xiaohu , Pu Mingbo , Guo Yinghui , Jin Jinjin , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Jun , Wang Changtao , Luo Xiangang
Published: April 2019

Benefiting from the excellent properties of manipulating electromagnetic waves at subwavelength scale, metasurfaces are widely used to realize metaholograms with a large viewing angle or diffraction angle. However, all previously reported holograms just utilize transmission (or reflection) space while the corresponding reflection (or transmission) space is abandoned. In this paper, combining the off‐axis illumination method and polarization dependence of geometric‐phase‐based metasurfaces, a scheme is proposed to realize colorful metaholograms with independently controlled holographic images in both the transmission and reflection spaces. With this method, the usable data capacity and imaging region are greatly expanded. As far as it is known, it is the first time that independently controlled color holographic images in both the transmission and reflection spaces using metasurfaces is demonstrated. This approach has promising applications in real 360° holographic image, multifunctional optical device, multicolor display, etc.
Radial X‐Ray Diffraction Study of Superhard Early Transition Metal Dodecaborides under High Pressure
Authors: Lei Jialin , Akopov Georgiy , Yeung Michael T. , Yan Jinyuan , Kaner Richard B. , Tolbert Sarah H.
Published: April 2019

The deformation behavior of the three metal dodecaborides (YB12, ZrB12, and Zr0.5Y0.5B12) is investigated using radial X‐ray diffraction under nonhydrostatic compression up to ≈60 GPa with a goal of understanding how bonding and metal composition control hardness. Zr0.5Y0.5B12, which has the highest Vickers hardness (Hv = 45.8 ± 1.3 GPa at 0.49 N load), also shows the highest bulk modulus (K0 = 320 ± 5 GPa). The 0.49 N hardness for ZrB12 and YB12 are both lower and very similar, and both show lower bulk moduli (K0 = 276 ± 7 GPa, and K0 = 238 ± 6 GPa, respectively). Differential stress is then measured to study the strength and strength anisotropy. Zr0.5Y0.5B12 supports the highest differential stress, in agreement with its high hardness, a fact that likely arises from atomic size mismatch between Zr and Y combined with the rigid network of boron cages. The (200) plane for all samples supports the largest differential strain, while the (111) plane supports the smallest, consistent with the theoretically predicted slip system of {111} [  ]. Strain softening is also observed for ZrB12. Finally, the full elastic stiffness tensors for ZrB12 and YB12 are solved. ZrB12 is the most isotropic, but the extent of elastic anisotropy for all dodecaborides studied is relatively low due to the highly symmetric boron cage network.
Piezoelectric Nanotopography Induced Neuron‐Like Differentiation of Stem Cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaodi , Cui Xin , Wang Diancan , Wang Shu , Liu Zhirong , Zhao Gengrui , Zhang Yan , Li Zhou , Wang Zhong Lin , Li Linlin
Published: April 2019

The biophysical characteristics of the extracellular matrix, such as nanotopography and bioelectricity, have a profound influence on cell proliferation, adhesion, differentiation, etc. Recognition of the function of a certain biophysical cue and fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds with specific properties would have important implications and significant applications in tissue engineering. Herein, nanotopographic and piezoelectric biomaterials are fabricated and the combination effect of and individual contribution to proliferation, adhesion, and neuron‐like differentiation of rat bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (rbMSCs) are clarified via nanotopography and piezoelectricity. Piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride with nanostripe array structures is fabricated, which can generate a surface piezoelectric potential up to millivolt by cell movement and traction. The results reveal a more favorable effect on neuron‐like differentiation of rbMSCs from the combination of piezoelectricity and nanotopography rather than nanotopography alone, whereas nanotopography can increase cellular adhesion. This research provides a new insight into designing biomaterials for the potential application in neural tissue engineering.
Automated, Ultra‐Fast Laser‐Drilling of Nanometer Scale Pores and Nanopore Arrays in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Gilboa Tal , Zvuloni Eran , Zrehen Adam , Squires Allison H. , Meller Amit
Published: April 2019

The ability to quickly and reliably fabricate nanoscale pore arrays in ultra‐thin membranes such as silicon nitride (SixN) is extremely important for the growing field of nanopore biosensing. Laser‐based etching of thin SixN membranes immersed in aqueous solutions has recently been demonstrated as a method to produce stable functional pores. Herein, the principal mechanism governing material etching and pore formation using light is investigated. It is found that the process is extremely sensitive to the relative content of Si over N atoms in the amorphous membrane, produced by chemical vapor deposition. Commonly, SixN membranes are made to be Si‐rich to increase their mechanical stability, which substantially reduces the material's bandgap and increases the density of Si‐dangling bonds. Hence, even minimal batch‐to‐batch variation may lead to remarkably different etch rates. It is shown that higher Si content results in orders of magnitude faster etching rates. This rate is further accelerated in an alkaline environment allowing on‐demand controlled nanopore formation in about 10 s time even at low laser radiation intensities. These results highlight that photoactivation of the SixN by the incident beam is critical to the chemical etching process and can be used to readily produce nanopore arrays at any specific location.
Unconventional Nanofabrication for Supramolecular Electronics
Authors: Yao Yifan , Zhang Lei , Orgiu Emanuele , Samorì Paolo
Published: April 2019

The scientific effort toward achieving a full control over the correlation between structure and function in organic and polymer electronics has prompted the use of supramolecular interactions to drive the formation of highly ordered functional assemblies, which have been integrated into real devices. In the resulting field of supramolecular electronics, self‐assembly of organic semiconducting materials constitutes a powerful tool to generate low‐dimensional and crystalline functional architectures. These include 1D nanostructures (nanoribbons, nanotubes, and nanowires) and 2D molecular crystals with tuneable and unique optical, electronic, and mechanical properties. Optimizing the (opto)electronic properties of organic semiconducting materials is imperative to harness such supramolecular structures as active components for supramolecular electronics. However, their integration in real devices currently represents a significant challenge to the advancement of (opto)electronics. Here, an overview of the unconventional nanofabrication techniques and device configurations to enable supramolecular electronics to become a real technology is provided. A particular focus is put on how single and multiple supramolecular fibers and gels as well as supramolecularly engineered 2D materials can be integrated into novel vertical or horizontal junctions to realize flexible and high‐density multifunctional transistors, photodetectors, and memristors, exhibiting a set of new properties and excelling in their performances.
A Threshold Switching Selector Based on Highly Ordered Ag Nanodots for X‐Point Memory Applications
Authors: Hua Qilin , Wu Huaqiang , Gao Bin , Zhao Meiran , Li Yujia , Li Xinyi , Hou Xiang , (Marvin) Chang Meng‐Fan , Zhou Peng , Qian He
Published: April 2019

Leakage interference between memory cells is the primary obstacle for enlarging X‐point memory arrays. Metal‐filament threshold switches, possessing excellent selectivity and low leakage current, are developed in series with memory cells to reduce sneak path current and lower power consumption. However, these selectors typically have limited on‐state currents (≤10 µA), which are insufficient for memory RESET operations. Here, a strategy is proposed to achieve sufficiently large RESET current (≈2.3 mA) by introducing highly ordered Ag nanodots to the threshold switch. Compared to the Ag thin film case, Ag nanodots as active electrode could avoid excessive Ag atoms migration into solid electrolyte during operations, which causes stable conductive filament growth. Furthermore, Ag nanodots with rapid thermal processing contribute to forming multiple weak Ag filaments at a lower voltage and then spontaneous rupture as the applied voltage reduced, according to quantized conductance and simulation analysis. Impressively, the Ag nanodots based threshold switch, which is bidirectional and truly electroforming‐free, demonstrates extremely high selectivity >109, ultralow leakage current <1 pA, very steep slope of 0.65 mV dec−1, and good thermal stability up to 200 °C, and further represents significant suppression of leakage currents and excellent performances for SET/RESET operations in the one‐selector‐one‐resistor configuration.
Maladaptive behaviors in individuals with Angelman syndrome
Authors: Sadhwani Anjali , Willen Jennifer M. , LaVallee Nicole , Stepanians Miganush , Miller Hillary , Peters Sarika U. , Barbieri‐Welge Rene L. , Horowitz Lucia T. , Noll Lisa M. , Hundley Rachel J. , Bird Lynne M. , Tan Wen‐Hann
Published: April 2019

Maladaptive behaviors are challenging and a source of stress for caregivers of individuals with Angelman Syndrome (AS). There is limited information on how these maladaptive behaviors vary over time among individuals with AS due to different genetic etiologies. In this study, caregivers of 301 individuals with AS were asked questions about their child's behavior and completed the Aberrant Behavior Checklist‐Community version (ABC‐C). Developmental functioning was evaluated with either the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition (Bayley‐III) or the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). Family functioning was assessed using the parent‐completed Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Family Quality of Life questionnaire (FQoL). Approximately 70% of participants had AS due to a deletion on the maternally‐inherited copy of chromosome 15q11q13. Results revealed that at baseline, individuals with AS had low scores in the domains of lethargy (mean: 2.6–4.2 depending on genotype) and stereotypy (mean: 2.3–4.2 depending on genotype). Higher cognitive functioning was associated with increased irritability (r = 0.32, p < .01). Hyperactivity (p < .05) and irritability (p < .05) increased with age across all genotypes and should be ongoing targets for both behavioral and pharmacological treatment. Concerns for short attention span were endorsed by more than 70% of caregivers at baseline. Maladaptive behaviors, particularly hyperactivity, irritability and aggression, adversely affected parental stress, and family quality of life.
Flexible Platinum(0) Coordination to a Ditungsten Ethanediylidyne
Authors: Frogley Benjamin J. , Hill Anthony F.
Published: April 2019

The lithiocarbyne [W(≡CLi)(CO)2(Tp*)] (Tp*=hydrotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)borate) reacts with [PtCl2(L2)] (L2=1,5‐cyclo‐octadiene, norbornadiene) to furnish ditungsten ethanediylidyne complexes, [W2{μ‐C2Pt(L2)}(CO)4(Tp*)2], wherein a trigonal platinum(0) center unsymmetrically ligates one W≡C bond in the solid state but rapidly shimmies between the two W≡C bonds in solution. The η4‐dienes are displaced by monodentate CO or isocyanide ligands to provide derivatives where both W≡C bonds coordinate to a single Pt0 center, attended by significant distortion of the WCCW spine.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Hydrofluorination of Enals by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
Authors: Wang Leming , Jiang Xinhang , Chen Jiean , Huang Yong
Published: April 2019

In contrast to well‐established asymmetric hydrogenation reactions, enantioselective protonation is an orthogonal approach for creating highly valuable methine chiral centers under redox‐neutral conditions. Reported here is the highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective hydrofluorination of enals by an asymmetric β‐protonation/α‐fluorination cascade catalyzed by N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). The two nucleophilic sites of a homoenolate intermediate, generated from enals and an NHC, are sequentially protonated and fluorinated. The results show that controlling the relative rates of protonation, fluorination, and esterification is crucial for this transformation, and can be accomplished using a dual shuttling strategy. Structurally diverse carboxylic acid derivatives with two contiguous chiral centers are prepared in a single step with excellent d.r. and ee values.
N‐heterocyclic carbene–palladium complexes for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction with benzyl chloride and aromatic boronic acid leading to diarylmethanes
Authors: Chen Ming‐Tsz , Wang Wan‐Rong , Li Yi‐Jun
Published: April 2019

A family of N‐heterocyclic carbene–palladium(II)–N,N‐dimethylbenzylamine complexes ((NHC)LPdCl2; L = N,N‐dimethylbenzylamine) were synthesized as well as characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and spectroscopic data. These complexes exhibited higher catalytic activities for the Suzuki reaction of benzyl chlorides to afford diarylmethanes under milder conditions than other efficient (NHC)LPdCl2 complexes. Using the optimum conditions, the expected coupling products were obtained in moderate to high yields. All reactions were carried out in air and all starting materials were used as supplied without purification.
Advances in the Organocatalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of Six‐Membered Unsaturated Heterocycles: Methodology and Application
Authors: Cheng Dao‐Juan , Shao You‐Dong
Published: April 2019

The organocatalytic asymmetric Mannich reaction has always been an area of active interest in the community of chemistry. The Mannich products, optically active β‐amino−carbonyl compounds, can be used as important intermediates for biologically active molecules. Compared with the well‐researched acyclic imines, the organocatalytic asymmetric Mannich reactions of cyclic unsaturated substrates have been on the rise in recent years, which provide an exciting platform for the construction of various enantioenriched nitrogen‐containing polyheterocycles. In this minireview, we will summarize the advances in the field of organocatalytic asymmetric Mannich and related reactions, including decarboxylative Mannich reactions and Mannich involved cascade processes of six‐membered unsaturated heterocycles, and their applications in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals.
Nature, Mechanisms and Reactivity of Electrogenerated Reactive Species at Thin‐Film Boron‐Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrodes During Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ganiyu Soliu O. , Martínez‐Huitle Carlos A.
Published: April 2019

Electrooxidation of hazardous organic pollutants contaminating wastewater using thin‐film boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes is an efficient and well‐studied treatment technique. In this review, the three main reactive species, namely: reactive oxygen, chlorine and sulfate species, which can be electrogenerated and then participate in the oxidation processes during electrooxidative wastewater treatment using BDD electrodes, are discussed. The main factors affecting the nature and quantity of the electrogenerated reactive species, specifically the composition of the BDD electrode (doping level and sp3/sp2 ratio) and the operating parameters (working current density and composition of water matrix been electrolyzed) were explained with relative examples. Extensive discussion on mode and reactivity of the three reactive species with organic pollutants during electrooxidation was provided and the future perspectives and direction of research on reactive species generated on BDD electrodes were also discussed.