bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationships of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Cognitive Impairment in older adults
Authors: Jin Youngyun , Kim Taewan , Kang Hyunsik
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the independent and combined association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels with cognitive decline risk in older Korean adults.METHODS: This study included 509 community-dwelling older adults aged 60–89 years (81.7% women). CRF was assessed using the safe and easily administered submaximal exercise 6-min walking test (6MWT) on an outdoor track. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Korean version of the MMSE for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cognitive impairment according to MetS- and CRF-based subgroups.RESULTS: Compared to subjects with no MetS/normal CRF (OR, 1), the risk of cognitive impairment was significantly higher among subjects with MetS/normal CRF (OR, 1.747; 95% CI, 1.044-2.923; p=.043) or no MetS/low CRF (OR, 2.246; 95% CI, 1.146–4.402; p=.018). The OR increased to 3.066 (95% CI, 1.711–5.492; p<.001) for those with both MetS and low CRF.CONCLUSIONS: The early identification and treatment of individuals with MetS or low CRF may significantly reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Furthermore, promoting physical activity may play an important role in preventing MetS and improving CRF among older adults.
Pain Cognition of the Injury Experienced Athletes Depends on Emotional Status
Authors: Oh Sungmin , Jun Hyung-pil
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: This study aimed to verify whether the degree of pain cognition by injury-experienced athletes in a sports setting varies depending on their emotional status, and to compare the values between the VAS (subjective pain score) and RIII reflex (objective pain data).METHODS: Injured (n=15) and non-injured (n=15) experienced athletes participated in the experimental procedures with pain stimulation, RIII reflex, and VAS measurement, while emotional images (neutral, pleasure, and unpleasure) were randomly presented. The RIII reflex was measured simultaneously with TENS stimulation of the sural nerve while the OASIS images were presented, and the VAS was measured between the sets of images. Data were collected using electromyography (EMG) and VAS.RESULTS: The relationship between the group and the VAS score according to the emotional state was significant (p=.028), and the relationship between the group and the RIII reflex depending on the emotional state was not significant (p=.344). Furthermore, the relationship of the group “emotion” measurement was not significant (p=.081), but the results indicate toward a correlation.CONCLUSIONS: Athletes recognized more pain at the same intensity when their emotional state was unpleasant, but the RIII reflex was measured constantly so they could recognize less pain in an emotionally stable state. Despite some associations, no difference was observed in the degree of pain recognition based on injury experience.
Nonlinear Association between Physical Function and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Women with Low Muscle Mass
Authors: Yang Ja-Gyeong , Kim Gwon-Min , Bae Seongryu , Park Hyuntae
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the nonlinear relationship between physical function and body composition in older women with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and low muscle mass (LMM). Early prediction of sarcopenic MCI is important; however, it remains unclear whether improvements in physical function and cell health promote low rates of sarcopenic MCI in community settings.METHODS: A total of 120 older women were enrolled, and subsequently stratified into the LMM group (n=90) and MCI with LMM group (n=30). MCI was evaluated by a clinician based on global cognitive function and clinical findings.RESULTS: The results of hand grip strength (HGS), short-physical performance battery (SPPB), and 6-minute walk test (6 MWT) were found to be linearly associated with the risk of MCI. This result indicates that endurance capacity in the LMM with MCI group had an adjusted odds ratio of 3.69 (95% CI: 1.11–12.18). The nonlinearity of physical function on the risk of MCI was analyzed using the generalized additive models (GAM).CONCLUSIONS: Physical function and body composition is significantly associated with LMM and MCI risk in aging adults. It is expected that the evaluation and improvement of kinematic indicators, such as HGS, SPPB, endurance, and PhA, could contribute to the prediction and prevention of MCI.
The Roles of Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on the Relationship between Eating Speed and Metabolic Syndrome in College Students
Authors: Kang Minjeong , Kang Hyunsik
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: This study investigated whether physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) modulate the relationship between eating speed and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean university students.METHODS: A total of 1,071 college students 751 males and 320 females participated in this study. The volume of PA (minutes per week) assessed by a self-reported questionnaire was classified as sufficient or insufficient based on the global recommendation of 150 minutes per week. Self-reported eating speed was classified as normal or fast. CRF was classified as low (lowest 25%), moderate (middle 50%), and high (highest 25%) based on the maximum volume of oxygen consumption determined during a graded treadmill running.RESULTS: Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of fast eating for metabolic syndrome was 1.94 (95% confidence interval, CI=1.34-2.82, p<.001) in the total group and 1.75 (95% CI=1.18-2.59, p=.005) in male students only. Logistic regression showed that in the total group, fasting eating was associated with an increased risk of MetS (OR=1.780, 95% CI=1.223-2.259, p=.003) compared to individuals with normal eating speed (OR=1) even after adjustments for age, sex, smoking, and alcohol intake. Additionally, male students with fast eating were at increased risk of MetS (OR=1.750, 95% CI=1.181-2.529, p=.005) compared to their counterparts with normal eating speed even after adjustments for all the covariates. Moderation analyses by Andrew F. Hayes showed that the effect of eating speed on MetS risk differed by physical activity (β=-0.389, 95% CI=-0.706- 0.071, p=.017) and CRF levels (β=-0.307, 95% CI=-0.496-0.118, p=.002) even after adjustments for all the covariates.CONCLUSIONS: The current findings of the study suggest that both regular PA and CRF can play a preventive role against MetS associated with fast eating in Korean college students.
THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOME IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING BARIATRIC SURGERY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Gentile João Kleber Almeida , Oliveira Karen Danielle , Pereira Júlia Guimarães , Tanaka Daniel Yuji , Guidini Giovanna Nagatsuka , Cadona Melissa Zanetti , Siriani-Ribeiro Diego Werneck , Perondini Mariana Tafner
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is frequently found in cases of obesity and related metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The composition of the microbiota in diabetics is similar to that of obese people, thereby causing increased energy uptake efficiency in the large intestine of obese people, maintenance of a systemic inflammatory state, and increased insulin resistance. Bariatric surgery seems to entail an improvement in gut dysbiosis, leading to an increased diversity of the gut microbiota. AIMS: This study aimed to present a literature review on obesity-associated gut dysbiosis and its status post-bariatric surgery. METHODS: A systematic review of primary studies was conducted in PubMed, SciELO, BIREME, LILACS, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases using DeCS (Health Science Descriptors) with the terms “obesity,” “intestinal dysbiosis,” “bariatric surgery,” and “microbiota.” RESULTS: We analyzed 28 articles that had clinical studies or literature reviews as their main characteristics, of which 82% (n=23) corresponded to retrospective studies. The sample size of the studies ranged from 9 to 257 participants and/or fecal samples. The epidemiological profile showed a higher prevalence of obesity in females, ranging from 24.4 to 35.1%, with a mean age of around 25–40 years. There was a variation regarding the type of bariatric surgery, migrating between the Roux-en-Y bypass, adjustable gastric banding, and vertical gastrectomy. Of the 28 studies, 6 of them evaluated the gut microbiota of obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and their relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus/glucose metabolism/insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS: The intestinal microbiota is an important influencer in the regulation of the digestive tract, and obese individuals with comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome) present important alterations, with an unbalance normal state, generating dysbiosis and the proliferation of bacterial species that favor the appearance of new diseases. Patients who undergo bariatric surgery present an improvement in the intestinal microbiota imbalance as well as reversibility of their comorbidities, increasing their life expectancy.
ACERVOS LITERÁRIOS NA ESCOLA: CONCEPÇÕES DE LITERATURA, LIVRO LITERÁRIO E TEXTO LITERÁRIO NO GUIA PNLD LITERÁRIO 2020
Authors: Domingues Diego , Klayn Débora
Published: December 2022

RESUMO Com o objetivo de investigar concepções de literatura, livro literário e texto literário no Guia PNLD literário 2020, o artigo traça um histórico dos principais programas de fomento à leitura literária no âmbito governamental brasileiro – desde o Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola (PNBE), até sua versão mais recente: o PNLD Literário 2020. Em seguida, discute noções sobre livro e texto literário, buscando conceituá-los a partir de duas perspectivas: a de função social e a de especificidades linguísticas. Essas discussões desembocam em reflexões quanto ao papel do professor/mediador frente à escolha de obras e mediação literária nos anos finais do ensino fundamental. A análise recai sobre o modo como o Guia PNLD Literário (no cotejo das edições 2020 e 2018) se apresenta aos professores e conceitua literatura, bem como sobre os critérios que orientam a escolha das obras. Os resultados apontam para uma mescla das perspectivas de função social e de especificidades linguísticas no que tange a concepções de literatura, livro literário e texto literário nos Guias. Ademais, verifica-se uma tensão entre a aposta na autonomia docente e a necessidade de investimentos na formação para escolhas e trabalho com o literário. Sobre essa tensão, a atitude responsiva e ideológica dos Guias parece ser a da tentativa de suprir a demanda de investimentos em formação para o trabalho literário nas escolas, por meio exclusivo de materiais de apoio ao fazer docente.
“Espantosa mortandade”: desembarques, demografias e enfermidades africanas
Authors: Pimenta Tânia Salgado , Gomes Flávio dos Santos
Published: December 2022

Resumo Este artigo contribui para conhecermos melhor as condições a que africanos estavam submetidos no imediato desembarque, estendendo o estudo para além do navio. Destaca a importância dos africanos orientais no Sudeste brasileiro no início do século XIX, o que deve ser considerado para o aprofundamento da análise sobre reinvenções identitárias, doenças e práticas de cura. As dores dessas pessoas tiveram como pano de fundo os debates e as negociações políticas em torno da proibição do tráfico atlântico e da independência do Brasil.
CLINICAL METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING MUSCULAR DISORDERS DURING LONG PERIODS OF BASKETBALL PRACTICE
Authors: Zhang Qi , Guangzhong Chen
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction There are many drawbacks in sports, one of the main problems being injuries. Objective This work aimed to study the effect of prolonged basketball practice and associated sports injuries on electrophysiological indicators about the functional state of the neuromuscular apparatus in specialized athletes. Methods A study was conducted in which 14 basketball players participated voluntarily: 7 basketball players aged 17 to 23 years with first category sports qualifications, relatively healthy, with a history of knee and ankle injuries, and seven non-athletes with no history of injuries. Psychophysiological and electrophysiological methods were used for the study, designed to diagnose strength and endurance, measure rhythmic dynamics in hand movements, evaluate the mobility of neural processes, and the functional state of the central nervous system and processes in the central nervous system. Results It was established that regular sports training leads to morphological and functional changes in the neuromuscular system. Conclusion Due to repeated injuries, basketball players experience a decrease in the conduction velocity of the electrical pulse in the neural fiber pathway and in the level of reflex excitability in the neuronal motor ensemble of the lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord that innervate the bilateral muscles of the lower limbs; a weakening of the nervous system resistance, mobility of the nervous processes, deterioration of the functional state of the central nervous system and analyzers was noted. Evidence level II; Therapeutic studies - outcomes research.
Etnografia da linguagem no contexto sociolinguisticamente complexo de uma comunidade no Oeste do Paraná: de volta para o futuro de uma Linguística Aplicada interseccional
Authors: Jung Neiva Maria , Garcez Pedro de Moraes
Published: December 2022

RESUMO Apresentamos nossa trajetória de reflexão paulatinamente mais interseccional sobre um contexto sociolinguisticamente complexo que estudamos há algum tempo, tendo Marilda Cavalcanti como interlocutora. Retomando Jung (1997, 2003) e Jung e Garcez (2007) sobre as práticas de letramento em uma comunidade escolar do Oeste do Paraná, relatamos como as inteligibilidades que desenvolvemos se expandiram para uma mirada mais interseccional. No enquadre de nossa reflexão recente sobre linguagem e economia política (Garcez & Jung, 2021) e em particular à luz do trabalho de Jung e Machado e Silva (2021) sobre a festa comunitária promovida no município paranaense em que se encontrava a comunidade escolar que estudáramos, revisitamos aqui as nossas percepções em rearticulação, mais expressa e contemporânea, atenta a eixos de diferenciação em torno de classe social e raça, explicitando os privilégios da branquitude na configuração daqueles cenários e apontando reflexos disso para a percepção das nossas próprias posicionalidades.
Análise linguística do Português Brasileiro por meio de quatro contínuos: Encontrando o trabalho de Marilda Cavalcanti
Authors: Bortoni-Ricardo Stella Maris
Published: December 2022

RESUMO Meu trabalho encontra identidade com o trabalho de Marilda Cavalcanti (2018) quando esse se volta para “os modos como as ideologias linguísticas nacionais e políticas linguísticas dão forma às trajetórias sociolinguísticas do povo brasileiro” (Maher & Cavalcanti, 2018, p. 2). Em especial, vou focalizar essas trajetórias, discutindo e revisando um modelo que desenvolvi para análise linguística por meio de quatro continua, a saber: a) continuum de urbanização, que se estende desde os vernáculos rurais isolados até a variedade urbana de prestígio; b) continuum de letramento, que se ocupa de eventos de oralidade em uma extremidade e eventos de letramento na outra; c) continuum de monitoração estilística, que discute o alinhamento ou footing com o interlocutor e d) continuum de acesso à Internet, que se relaciona ao grau de alfabetização digital e aos recursos de que os falantes dispõem para o uso desse equipamento (Bortoni-Ricardo, 2021, p. 49). Para ilustrá-los darei voz a falantes do Português brasileiro não alfabetizados ou semialfabetizados.
PRÁTICAS EPISTÊMICAS NOS CURRÍCULOS DE CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS DE PAÍSES DA AMÉRICA LATINA: UM ESTUDO ENTRE BRASIL, CHILE E COLÔMBIA
Authors: Zompero Andreia de Freitas , Lozano Diana Lineth Parga , Rosa Cleci Teresinha Werner da , Tibaud Ximena Vildósola , Laburú Carlos Eduardo
Published: December 2022

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo por objeto identificar y caracterizar las prácticas epistémicas en cuanto a la Producción, Comunicación y Evaluación del conocimiento científico establecidas en las propuestas curriculares oficiales de enseñanza en Brasil Chile y Colombia. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa y documental. Fueron analizados los documentos curriculares vigentes en cada país del área de Ciencias Naturales. Los documentos muestran que hay un mayor número de prácticas epistémicas asociadas a la dimensión social de Producción del conocimiento, seguida de la Comunicación y la Evaluación del conocimiento. En Brasil, las prácticas epistémicas predominantes son problematizar, concluir y usar el lenguaje representacional. En Chile prevalecen planear la investigación, articular observaciones a los conceptos y presentar ideas propias. En Colombia predomina el uso del lenguaje representacional. Consideramos que las orientaciones curriculares presentes en los documentos normativos presentan implicaciones para la formación de los estudiantes en lo que se refiere a la formación científica.
A revised reconstruction of the Proto-Tupian vowel system
Authors: Nikulin Andrey , Carvalho Fernando
Published: December 2022

Abstract This contribution is concerned with the reconstruction of the vowel qualities of Proto-Tupian, the ancestral language of the Tupian language family. The study is grounded in a bottom-up application of the comparative method and seeks to offer a more balanced reconstruction that avoids an overreliance on the Tupí-Guaraní branch. It is first shown that the height opposition traditionally reconstructed for the rounded vowel series (*o vs. *u) is best interpreted as an opposition between an unrounded vowel and a rounded one (*ə vs. *o). It is also argued that multiple instances of *e in the traditional reconstruction should be rather attributed to *ə. Finally, it is shown that two vowels (symbolized as *ɨ and *ɯ) must be reconstructed in lieu of the traditional *ɨ. The resulting proposal has consequences for the subgrouping of the Tupian family.
Constitucionalismo Haitiano e a Invenção dos Direitos Humanos
Authors: Queiroz Marcos
Published: December 2022

Resumo Por meio da análise de trechos das constituições do Haiti da primeira metade do século XIX, o artigo investiga as características dos direitos humanos no constitucionalismo haitiano pós-revolucionário. Dessa análise, um arranjo conceitual alternativo é extraído para pensar o conteúdo dos direitos fundamentais e da ordem constitucional moderna. Este arranjo é expresso em cinco conceitos: direitos universais do negro; materialidade da escravidão; cidadania diaspórica; propriedade abolicionista; princípio do solo livre; e nação quilombo. A análise é realizada em diálogo com o pensamento de intelectuais negros e negras. Conclui-se que a poética constitucional haitiana opera uma crítica às narrativas hegemônicas sobre a “invenção dos direitos humanos” e, ao mesmo tempo, fornece um imaginário moral mais amplo e plural do constitucionalismo, especialmente por lidar decididamente com o legado da escravidão, do colonialismo e do racismo.
Curso virtual de futebol e formação humana: análise dos elementos históricos e pedagógicos
Authors: Mota Joselene Ferreira , Ferreira Emerson Maciel , Freitas Rhenan Ferreira de , Reis Saulo Viana
Published: December 2022

RESUMO Trata-se de relato de experiência sobre o desenvolvimento do curso virtual “Futebol e formação humana: elementos históricos e pedagógicos”, ação que compôs o conjunto de atividades virtuais do Projeto Academia e Futebol da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) no período da pandemia de Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). O objetivo foi analisar as impressões dos cursistas em relação à apropriação do conhecimento transmitido nas oito aulas do curso. A metodologia foi realizada pela pesquisa de campo de caráter exploratório, em que foram aplicados formulários via Google Forms aos 47 cursistas que concluíram o curso virtual. O resultado da análise comprovou que as temáticas via conteúdos foram relevantes e que a metodologia para o tempo pandêmico foi adequada, o que propiciou a apropriação dos conhecimentos.
GASLIGHTING: A ARTE DE ENLOUQUECER GRUPOS MINORITÁRIOS NO AMBIENTE DE TRABALHO
Authors: Irigaray Hélio Arthur Reis , Stocker Fabricio , Mancebo Rafael Cuba
Published: December 2022

RESUMO Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender em que medida ocorrem ações de gaslighting no ambiente de trabalho. Para tal, elaboramos uma pesquisa empírica, na qual visitamos 37 empresas de diferentes portes, no Rio de Janeiro e em São Paulo, e entrevistamos 72 trabalhadores com diversos traços psicográficos. Essas entrevistas e nossas anotações de campo foram submetidas à Análise Crítica de Discurso. Identificamos duas categorias a priori (“gaslighting racial” e “gaslighting misógino”), duas emergentes (“gaslighting LGBTQIAP+-fóbico” e “gaslighting instrumental”), e construímos a axial, denominada “gaslighting pecuniário”. O campo revelou que gaslighting ocorre em todos os tipos de empresas pesquisadas e é uma estratégia de manipulação exercida por homens brancos heterossexuais não só sobre grupos não hegemônicos, mas contra seus pares. Este estudo traz como implicações gerenciais e à teoria a discussão e reflexão sobre como práticas discriminatórias têm sido naturalizadas e marginalizadas, não só no campo de estudos, mas na cultura organizacional.
A sociologia latino-americana na Guerra Fria Cultural: Florestan Fernandes, Aldo Solari e o Ilari
Authors: Maia João Marcelo Ehlert
Published: December 2022

Resumo O que a colaboração entre Florestan Fernandes, Aldo Solari e o Instituto Latino-americano de Relações Internacionais, órgão do Congresso pela Liberdade da Cultura, explica sobre as ideias do sociólogo entre 1969 e 1972? A análise de documentos oficiais do instituto e correspondências e textos de Florestan e Solari sugere que esse episódio revela um sociólogo preocupado com a manutenção de espaços científicos num continente marcado pelo autoritarismo, o que permite matizar a periodização entre fases “acadêmico-reformista” e “político-revolucionária”. Argumenta-se que, do ponto de vista do instituto, a parceria com Florestan era crucial para produzir legitimidade intelectual para suas ações.
From Ephemeral to Digital: A Phenomenological Study of Screened and Live Contemporary Dance Performance
Authors: Milovanovic Dara
Published: December 2022

Employing the lens of screen dance theory and film phenomenology the aim of this essay is to explore the effect of including screened dance into live performance on the choreographic methods and on the experience of watching dance. The essay includes spoken word that guides the structure of the work as well as images of the work to create a written and visual narrative that combines artistic expression and analysis to explore the possibilities of including technology in contemporary dance making.
Zooplankton Fauna and Seasonal Changes of Two Karstic Sinkhole Lakes: Meyil and Kızören (Konya/Türkiye)
Authors: DURMAZ Oğuzhan , ALTİNDAG Ahmet , GÜRGEN Gürcan , BERDİ Duygu
Published: December 2022

Meyil and Kızören sinkholes are large karstic formations located in the Konya plain, Türkiye. Seasonal distribution of planktonic community of these two karstic lakes have yet to be studied. In this study, samples were collected from pelagic station in different seasonal periods (March-July-October 2018) and their physico-chemical parameters were determined and evaluated with seasonal species composition. As a result, fourty zooplankton species were identified in the two lakes, amongst which are thirty-four rotifers, five cladocerans and one copepod. Rotifers were founded as the dominant group for both lakes. All species identified as a new record for Meyil and Kızören sinkhole lakes. Furthermore, this study contributes to the literature by explaining the first detailed data for zooplankton fauna of sinkhole lakes in Türkiye as of the sampling date.
REGIONAL BUSINESS SUPPORT PROGRAMS DURING COVID-19 AS AN EXAMPLE OF INTRODUCING BIG DATA IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Scherbak Andrey , Shmeleva Svetlana ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: December 2022

The article puts forward a hypothesis about the difference between digitalization and management based on big data (hereinafter referred to as BD); it is assumed that these are stages of the same process. The transition from digitalization to BD-driven decisions is perceived as a kind of "leap" in public administration. Authors set the research task of identifying the key differences between these stages, as well as determining the reasons for the transition from one to the other. To do this, we carry out an analysis of the implementation of BD-driven solutions in public administration during the COVID-19 period, with a focus on the regional level. The analysis is based on the multiple streams theory. The case-study method was used to compare the selected regions. At this stage of the study, a gap in the development of the digital infrastructure in the Russian regions was revealed – a situation where only rich regions can carry out their original solutions, having the opportunity to invest in advance in the development of digital infrastructure, training and original management solutions. As a result of the conducted research, the absence of original digital solutions in the regions was noted. An alternative to using a BD-driven policy is simple digitalization, by which we mean either imitation solutions or blind copying of technological solutions offered by the federal center. In order to switch to BD-driven management, regional administrations need to accumulate expertise, experience in implementing successful digital projects, and make investments in the development of technological infrastructure and training.
Жить с Алисой: как голосовые помощники трансформируют практики коммуникации?
Authors: Ушкин Сергей Геннадьевич , Коваль Екатерина , Яськин Александр
Published: December 2022

«Умные» колонки с голосовыми помощниками, в основе которых лежат технологии искусственного интеллекта, постепенно входят в повседневную жизнь россиян. Устройства становятся доступными, рынок постоянно расширяется. В исследованиях, описывающих природу человеко-­машинного взаимодействия, анализируются следствия трансформации социальных практик при использовании «умных колонок», обсуждаются вопросы об этичности использования женского голоса, изучаются проблемы конфиденциальности пользователей таких гаджетов. Настоящая статья сосредоточена на изучении реконфигурации социальных отношений пользователя и голосового помощника, где оба субъекта обладают собственной агентностью по отношению друг к другу. Основной исследовательский вопрос – как устроены повседневные практики человеко-­машинного взаимодействия, особенно в ситуациях коммуникативных сбоев, когда привычный сценарий общения нарушается ввиду специфики искусственного интеллекта. Проблемы такого рода могут быть как в источнике, так и в приемнике, однако необходимо разобраться, какие эмоции испытывают при этом люди и какие выводы делают для себя. Эмпирическая база исследования – 20 полуструктурированных интервью с пользователями «умных» колонок, проживающих в Саранске – типичном городе Среднего Поволжья. Частично реализован «диадный» подход к интервьюированию для выявления особенностей детской и не-детской коммуникации с гаджетами. Исследование носит разведывательный характер и в российской социологической практике осуществляется впервые. На основании полученной информации выделены мотивы использования голосовых помощников и основные типы человеко­машинного взаимодействия, описаны причины коммуникативных сбоев и реакции на них. Рассмотрены перспективы человеко­машинного взаимодействия и вероятность реализации в его рамках нормативных поведенческих моделей, присущих отношениям «человек-­человек». Особый упор сделан на анализе коммуникации детей и голосовых помощников, поскольку именно дети в силу своего возраста проявляют наибольшую эмпатию к ним. Вероятностные оценки позволили разделить пользователей на три группы: технооптимисты, технореалисты и технопессимисты, а также дать позитивный прогноз о развитии в обозримом будущем искусственной социальности, гуманизации отношений между людьми и «умными» устройствами, и, как следствие, интеграции последних в социальную политику государства.
Модель фильтрации информации в социальных медиа
Authors: Грушевская Вероника
Published: December 2022

В условиях цифровой цивилизации искусственный интеллект оказывает существенное влияние на селекцию информационных потоков. Алгоритмы социальных сетей и поисковых систем отбирают контент с опорой на данные об интересах и поведении пользователя и его окружения. Однако характер массовых коммуникаций определяет не только автоматизированная селекция, но и сложная совокупность медийных, рекламных и рыночных процессов. Таким образом, необходимо систематизировать знания, описывающие распространение массмедийного контента в цифровой среде. В научной литературе только начинают анализироваться свой­ства медиасреды и ее влияния на человека и общество. Отдельные исследования и наблюдения описывают принципы распространения информации в социальных медиа, методы продвижения контента, новые возможности и трансформации медиасреды. Ученые фиксируют ряд дисфункций: эхо-камеры, возможности манипулирования общественным мнением на основе микротаргетинга и фальсификации реальности, ограничения выбора, связанные с естественным формированием пузырей фильтров, предвзятой и непрозрачной работой сервисов, диспропорциями медийной и рекламной активности разных социальных групп. В работе систематизированы актуальные научные публикации, описывающие процессы распространения и фильтрации информации в сетевых медиа, и проблемы, с ними связанные. Обзор научной литературы дополнен данными серии глубинных интервью с представителями молодежи Екатеринбурга, регулярно просматривающими контент популярных видеоблогов, которые проводились в 2021 г. с целью выявления объяснений привычек использования видеоблогов. Полученные данные позволили дополнить существующие модели автоматизированной селекции информации рядом важных социальных, когнитивных и психологических факторов селекции контента на этапе медиапотребления. В работе фиксируется общность дискурсивных принципов оформления развлекательного контента, доминирующего в видеоблогах, с массовыми дискурсивными феноменами, характерными для развлекательного сегмента традиционной журналистики, их гедонистическая направленность. Проанализированы вирусность и коллаборации как методы продвижения контента в видеоблогах, выявлены дискурсивные и стилистические маркеры и приемы, способствующие распространению информации. К таким маркерам можно отнести игровое начало, коллаборации, повышенную эмоциональность, провокационность и презентационность. Результатом работы стала модель фильтрации информации в социальных медиа, учитывающая индивидуальный, технологический, социальный, рекламный, дискурсивный и стратегический факторы.
Artificial Intelligence in Social Security: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Бенуашан Хассан
Published: December 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is shaping up to be the transformative technology of our time and has become a powerful driver for social change. Social security institutions are progressively applying emerging technologies, including big data analysis, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and biometrics. The increasing use of AI by social security institutions is enabling more proactive and automated deliveries of social services. Although the potential of these technologies has not yet been fully tested nor explored, they are already providing relevant outcomes in key social security areas such as addressing error, evasion, and fraud, as well as developing effective approaches and automated solutions to customers’ concerns aimed at improving social services. The field of application of the technologies includes medical care, adaptive systems in robots carrying out dangerous activities at work, communication with insured people, and management of welfare benefits. However, the application of AI in the social sector also poses important challenges, prompting state institutions to consider how best to take full advantage of this new technology. Rapid introduction of automated technological solutions poses potential risks as well. This paper explores the various types of AI application and current and future uses of the AI in the field of social security, with a particular focus on strategies for governments as they consider implementing AI. It concludes that the use of AI in social security is both inevitable and potentially beneficial for all parties involved. It also is not necessarily either an unadulterated boon or bane but calls for careful planning and a comparative assessment of the benefits and challenges of AI versus human labour.
Роль спорта в «жизненном мире» людей с инвалидностью (на примере Волгоградского региона)
Authors: Ткаченко Ольга , Василенко Инна
Published: December 2022

В статье анализируется жизненный мир людей с инвалидностью, занимающих активную жизненную позицию, в Волгоградском регионе. Авторы приходят к выводу о наличии объективных и субъективных ограничений, которые не способствуют полноценной жизни инвалидов в экономическом, социальном и психологическом плане. Ориентируясь на стереотипы относительно нетипичных людей, государство, социальные институты и индивиды структурируют социальную реальность, не включая в нее людей с ограниченными возможностями, что во многом объясняет неэффективность проводимых федеральных и региональных социальных программ. Статья ставит цель выявить причину того, почему инвалиды принимают на веру свой «ущербный статус». Жизненный мир инвалидов ограничен социальными контактами с первичной социальной группой, что не позволяет им сформировать «чувственный опыт», который необходим для полноценной жизни. Такая ситуация интуитивно принимается инвалидом, заранее определяя его пассивную позицию по отношению к себе и своей жизни. Теоретический анализ и результаты качественного глубинного интервью позволили показать, что спорт как часть жизненного мира, при условии активной жизненной позиции людей с инвалидностью, может поэтапно реконструировать или сконструировать их деятельность сначала в спорте, а затем, на его основе, создать полноценную социальную реальность. Спорт позволяет улучшить физическое состояние, поверить в себя и свои силы, реализоваться и в других сферах повседневной жизни: в работе, учебе, личной жизни. Результаты исследования позволили выделить два вектора, по которым люди с инвалидностью пришли к занятию спортом. Информанты с приобретенной инвалидностью посредствам спорта пытаются реконструировать свой жизненный мир «до». Инвалиды детства конструируют свой жизненный мир посредством социальных агентов: родителей, тренеров, коллег – создают новый, перспективный мир, смещающий фокус внимания на мир тренировок, соревнований и достижений, а затем в более широкий мир, в котором есть возможность саморазвития и самореализации.
Collection: State-of-the-Art Analytical Methods of Viral Infections in Human Lung Organoids v2
Authors: Baumgardt Morris
Published: December 2022

Organ models have received widespread attention in the study of SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen causing the current COVID-19 pandemic. Human-based organ models can provide strong predictive value to investigate the tropism, virulence, and replication kinetics of viral pathogens. Applicable to a large set of organoid models and viruses, we provide a step-by-step work instruction for the infection of human alveolar-like organoids with SARS-CoV-2 in this protocol collection. We also prepared a detailed description on state-of-the-art methodologies to assess the infection impact and the analysis of relevant host factors in organoids. This protocol collection consists of five different sets of protocols. Set 1 describes the protein extraction from human alveolar-like organoids and the determination of protein expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and FURIN as exemplary host factors of SARS-CoV-2. Set 2 provides detailed guidance on the extraction of RNA from human alveolar-like organoids and the subsequent qPCR to quantify the expression level of e.g., ACE2 or other host factors of SARS-CoV-2 on RNA level. Protocol set 3 contains an in-depth explanation on how to infect human alveolar-like organoids with SARS-CoV-2 and how to quantify the viral replication by plaque assay and viral E gene-based RT-qPCR. Set 4 provides a step-by-step protocol for the isolation of single cells from infected human alveolar-like organoids for further processing in single-cell RNA sequencing or flow cytometry. Set 5 presents a detailed protocol on how to perform the fixation of human alveolar-like organoids and guides through all steps of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to visualize SARS-CoV-2 and its host factors. The infection and all subsequent analytical methods have been successfully validated by biological replications with human alveolar-like organoids based on material from different donors.
Un modelo de formación analítica para psicólogos. Presupuestos filosóficos, conceptuales y metodológicos
Authors:   UdeA, Lopera Echavarría Juan Diego , Roldán López Mildred Estefanía ,   UdeA, Ospina Ospina Claudia Juliet ,   UdeA
Published: December 2022

Un modelo de formación analítica para psicólogos propone pensar que la formación comporta una ascesis subjetiva del aprendiz. Una transformación en su modo de ser que va más allá de la mera adquisición de conocimientos, puesto que esta última solo afecta la inteligencia, pero no la sensibilidad, el tacto, el buen gusto, la phronesis o prudencia. Este libro le apuesta a la formación del psicólogo, en el sentido de la transformación de su alma. Pero no como una obligación, ni mucho menos una imposición: de suyo, caería en contradicción. Más bien como algo deseable: un deseo en correspondencia con lo que declaran la mayoría de las universidades en sus misiones, que le apuntan a la formación del estudiante en una actitud ética, integral, responsable, con sensibilidad social, autónomo, interesado en el bien común y en el desarrollo de la nación… En síntesis, a mucho más que al desarrollo de habilidades técnicas y adquisición de conocimientos. En él se presenta una formalización de experiencias vividas en la docencia y concluye con una propuesta metodológica que ilustra una manera analítica de proceder.
La invención patentada en Colombia entre 1900 y 1924
Authors:   Universidad de Antiquia, Ramírez Patiño Sandra Patricia
Published: December 2022

La invención no es un asunto exclusivo de nuestra época, pues ha tenido importancia en todas las etapas de la existencia humana, por lo que resulta pertinente estudiarla, aunque, como en este caso, sea solo la patentada. A lo largo de este trabajo investigativo, el lector encontrará algunos elementos que le permitirán una mejor comprensión del desarrollo económico de Colombia entre 1900 y 1924, y tendrá acceso a una cartografía de los sectores de desarrollo tecnológico, un indicador de las transformaciones económicas y sociales y de la situación tecnológica del país. La elección del espacio y de la temporalidad a investigar tienen como argumento que hasta la fecha no existe para el caso colombiano un estudio sistemático de las patentes de invención durante las dos primeras décadas del siglo XX.
Application of Thermal Energy Storage Materials for Solar Cooking: A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Department, Ganpat University, Ganpat Vidyanagar, Mehsana, Gujarat, India, Patel Romil , Patel Vikram ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Published: December 2022

Food, cloth and shelter are three basic necessities of life. Food can be regarded as essential component for growth and survival of human being. So, the source of cooking is one of the most important things in our daily lives. There are various cooking sources of energy like kerosene, LPG, Firewood and Renewable sources etc. and one of them is solar cooking which is a renewable source of energy. Solar cooks are limited by the fact that cooking can only take place during daytime. If a thermal energy storage system is provided to solar cookers, food can be cooked during hours of evening or night. In the last few decades, the cooking sector has used various solar cookers, including the box type solar cooker, flat plate type solar cooker, parabolic dish type solar cooker, evacuated tube type solar cooker and Scheffler dish solar cooker with sensible heat, latent heat and Combined heat storage technologies for the solar cooker. As a result, this paper summarizes the investigation and analysis of the available thermal energy storage materials (sensible heat, latent heat and combined heat storage materials) to store heat during the daytime and use it for purposes other than daytime hours for use in solar cooking application. The current study also compares the Sensible heat, Latent heat and combined heat storage systems for cooking.
A Review of Automated Micro-expression Analysis
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Min Koo Sie , Zulkifley Mohd Asyraf ,   Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohamed Kamari Nor Azwan ,   Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: December 2022

Micro-expression is a type of facial expression that is manifested for a very short duration. It is difficult to recognize the expression manually because it involves very subtle facial movements. Such expressions often occur unconsciously, and therefore are defined as a basis to help identify the real human emotions. Hence, an automated approach to micro-expression recognition has become a popular research topic of interest recently. Historically, the early researches on automated micro-expression have utilized traditional machine learning methods, while the more recent development has focused on the deep learning approach. Compared to traditional machine learning, which relies on manual feature processing and requires the use of formulated rules, deep learning networks produce more accurate micro-expression recognition performances through an end-to-end methodology, whereby the features of interest were extracted optimally through the training process, utilizing a large set of data. This paper reviews the developments and trends in micro-expression recognition from the earlier studies (hand-crafted approach) to the present studies (deep learning approach). Some of the important topics that will be covered include the detection of micro-expression from short videos, apex frame spotting, micro-expression recognition as well as performance discussion on the reviewed methods. Furthermore, major limitations that hamper the development of automated micro-expression recognition systems are also analyzed, followed by recommendations of possible future research directions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles by Murraya Koenigii Leaves
Authors:   Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur ,Rajasthan-302004 ,India, Sharma Sandeep , Yadav Deepak Kumar ,   Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur ,Rajasthan-302004 ,India, Chawla Kanhaiya ,   Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur ,Rajasthan-302004 ,India, Lal Nathu ,   Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur ,Rajasthan-302004 ,India, K. Jain Pankaj ,   IGC HEEPS, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302004, India, Kumar Sushant ,   Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar, India, Lal Chhagan ,   Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur ,Rajasthan-302004 ,India
Published: December 2022

Nanoparticles have a size of 1nm-100nm in any one of the three dimensions. Smaller nanoparticles have different physical, chemical and biological properties than atoms and molecules. Metals, non-oxide ceramic materials, metal oxides, silicates, and polymers, and organic and biomolecular components can be used to create material nanoparticles. Nanoparticles come in various shapes, like spheres, platelets, cylinders, and tubes. Green synthesized nanoparticles are not costly due to unemployment of toxic and hazardous compounds. Plants are widely spread, freely accessible, and safe to touch. They also supply a variety of metabolic compounds which are advantageous in reducing, capping and stabilizing process throughout in synthesis process. The reduction mechanism is based on the phytochemicals present in plant extract. In present work we synthesize silver nanoparticles by using Murraya Koenigii leaves through ecofriendly method. For synthesis of Silver nanoparticles, Silver nitrate (AgNO3) used as metal precursor salt and green extract of Murraya Koenigii used as reducing and capping agent for formation of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles then formed characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, Energy dispersive spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and optical properties by UV-Visible spectroscopy. XRD revealed the crystalline structure of silver nanoparticles, FESEM and Dynamic light scattering reveled the particle size of 60 nm, FTIR revealed the presence of different functional groups which are attached with sample and Optical properties of sample revealed by UV-Visible spectroscopy that also satisies different experimental results.