bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liver resection for metastatic melanoma: Equivalent survival for cutaneous and ocular primaries
Authors: Ryu Seung Wook , Saw Robyn , Scolyer Richard A. , Crawford Michael , Thompson John F. , Sandroussi Charbel
Published: June 2013

Background

The value of surgical resection in patients with hepatic metastases from melanoma is poorly documented in the literature. This study sought to determine the clinicopathologic and surgical factors predictive of outcome for melanoma patients who underwent resection of hepatic metastases.

Methods

Thirty‐three patients who underwent liver resection for melanoma metastases were identified from the Melanoma Institute Australia research database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identity factors predictive of recurrence and survival following liver resection for melanoma metastasis.

Results

The actuarial 2‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 59% and 42%, respectively, with a median survival of 29 months (range 1–139). The 5‐year survival rates for cutaneous and ocular primary melanoma were 44% and 39%, respectively. Improved post‐hepatic metastasectomy survival was observed in patients with microscopically clear resection margins (R0, 44 months; R1/2, 12 months; P = 0.04). Although major hepatic resection was associated with improved survival (major, 70 months; minor, 23 months; P = 0.07), major hepatectomies were performed almost exclusively in patients with isolated liver metastases.

Conclusions

Hepatic resection for metastatic melanoma is associated with improved survival in selected patients with both primary ocular and cutaneous melanoma. Surgical treatment of hepatic melanoma metastases should be considered when complete resection is feasible. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013; 108:129–135. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Twin mitochondrial sequence analysis
Authors: Bouhlal Yosr , Martinez Selena , Gong Henry , Dumas Kevin , Shieh Joseph T. C.
Published: June 2013

When applying genome‐wide sequencing technologies to disease investigation, it is increasingly important to resolve sequence variation in regions of the genome that may have homologous sequences. The human mitochondrial genome challenges interpretation given the potential for heteroplasmy, somatic variation, and homologous nuclear mitochondrial sequences (numts). Identical twins share the same mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from early life, but whether the mitochondrial sequence remains similar is unclear. We compared an adult monozygotic twin pair using high‐throughput sequencing and evaluated variants with primer extension and mitochondrial preenrichment. Thirty‐seven variants were shared between the twin individuals, and the variants were verified on the original genomic DNA. These studies support highly identical genetic sequence in this case. Certain low‐level variant calls were of high quality and homology to the mtDNA, and they were further evaluated. When we assessed calls in preenriched mtDNA templates, we found that these may represent numts, which can be differentiated from mtDNA variation. We conclude that twin identity extends to mtDNA, and it is critical to differentiate between numts and mtDNA in genome sequencing, particularly as significant heteroplasmy could influence genome interpretation. Further studies on mtDNA and numts will aid in understanding how variation occurs and persists.
Design of A Circular Ring Monopole Antenna with Inverted T‐Strip Line for Dual‐Band Operation
Authors: Seo Yongseok , Lee Hyeonjin , Lim Yeongseog
Published: June 2013

A novel and simple design of a coplanar waveguide‐fed multiband antenna formed by a circular ring monopole antenna is investigated for DCS/PCS/UMTS/LTE_CN/WLAN. The impedance bandwidths that were achieved reach to about 0.84 GHz (1.68–2.52 GHz) 42.0% at the center frequency of 2.0 and 0.72 GHz (5.14–5.86 GHz) 13.1% at the center frequency of 5.5 GHz. Moreover, the resonant characteristics of the antenna can be tuned by using the inverted T‐strip line. Experimental results exhibit that the proposed circular ring antenna creates a monopole‐like pattern in the E‐plane and an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the H‐plane, so it is well suitable to meet DCS/PCS/UMTS/LTE_ CN/WLAN operations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2174–2176, 2013
In vivo MRI analysis of depth‐dependent ultrastructure in human knee cartilage at 7 T
Authors: Garnov Nikita , Gründer Wilfried , Thörmer Gregor , Trampel Robert , Turner Robert , Kahn Thomas , Busse Harald
Published: June 2013

Signal intensities of T2‐weighted magnetic resonance images depend on the local fiber arrangement in hyaline cartilage. The aims of this study were to determine whether angle‐sensitive MRI at 7 T can be used to quantify the cartilage ultrastructure of the knee in vivo and to assess potential differences with age.

Ten younger (21–30) and ten older (55–76 years old) healthy volunteers were imaged with a T2‐weighted spin‐echo sequence in a 7 T whole‐body MRI. A “fascicle” model was assumed to describe the depth‐dependent fiber arrangement of cartilage. The R/T boundary positions between radial and transitional zones were assessed from intensity profiles in small regions of interest in the femur and tibia, and normalized to cartilage thickness using logistic curve fits.

The quality of our highly resolved (0.3 × 0.3 × 1.0 mm3) MR cartilage images were high enough for quantitative analysis (goodness of fit R2 = 0.91 ± 0.09). Between younger and older subjects, normalized positions of the R/T boundary, with value 0 at the bone–cartilage interface and 1 at the cartilage surface, were significantly (p < 0.05) different in femoral (0.51 ± 0.12 versus 0.41 ± 0.10), but not in tibial cartilage (0.65 ± 0.11 versus 0.57 ± 0.09, p = 0.119). Within both age groups, differences between femoral and tibial R/T boundaries were significant.

Using a fascicle model and angle‐sensitive MRI, the depth‐dependent anisotropic fiber arrangement of knee cartilage could be assessed in vivo from a single 7 T MR image. The derived quantitative parameter, thickness of the radial zone, may serve as an indicator of the structural integrity of cartilage. This method may potentially be suitable to detect and monitor early osteoarthritis because the progressive disintegration of the anisotropic network is also indicative of arthritic changes in cartilage. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interval uncertain method for multibody mechanical systems using Chebyshev inclusion functions
Authors: Wu Jinglai , Luo Zhen , Zhang Yunqing , Zhang Nong , Chen Liping
Published: June 2013

This study proposes a new uncertain analysis method for multibody dynamics of mechanical systems based on Chebyshev inclusion functions The interval model accounts for the uncertainties in multibody mechanical systems comprising uncertain‐but‐bounded parameters, which only requires lower and upper bounds of uncertain parameters, without having to know probability distributions. A Chebyshev inclusion function based on the truncated Chebyshev series, rather than the Taylor inclusion function, is proposed to achieve sharper and tighter bounds for meaningful solutions of interval functions, to effectively handle the overestimation caused by the wrapping effect, intrinsic to interval computations. The Mehler integral is used to evaluate the coefficients of Chebyshev polynomials in the numerical implementation. The multibody dynamics of mechanical systems are governed by index‐3 differential algebraic equations (DAEs), including a combination of differential equations and algebraic equations, responsible for the dynamics of the system subject to certain constraints. The proposed interval method with Chebyshev inclusion functions is applied to solve the DAEs in association with appropriate numerical solvers. This study employs HHT‐I3 as the numerical solver to transform the DAEs into a series of nonlinear algebraic equations at each integration time step, which are solved further by using the Newton–Raphson iterative method at the current time step. Two typical multibody dynamic systems with interval parameters, the slider crank and double pendulum mechanisms, are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The results show that the proposed methodology can supply sufficient numerical accuracy with a reasonable computational cost and is able to effectively handle the wrapping effect, as cosine functions are incorporated to sharpen the range of non‐monotonic interval functions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical scheme for a scalar conservation law with memory
Authors: Peszyńska Małgorzata
Published: June 2013

We consider approximation of solutions to conservation laws with memory represented by a Volterra term with a smooth decreasing but possibly unbounded kernel. The numerical scheme combines Godunov method with a treatment of the integral term following from product integration rules. We prove stability for both linear and nonlinear flux functions and demonstrate the expected order of convergence using numerical experiments. The problem is motivated by modeling advective transport in heterogeneous media with subscale diffusion.Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 239–264, 2014
Investigators' successful strategies for working with institutional review boards
Authors: Cartwright Juliana C. , Hickman Susan E. , Nelson Christine A. , Knafl Kathleen A.
Published: June 2013

This study was designed to identify successful strategies used by investigators for working with their Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in conducting human subjects research. Telephone interviews were conducted with 46 investigators representing nursing, medicine, and social work. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. Investigators emphasized the importance of intentionally cultivating positive relationships with IRB staff and members, and managing bureaucracy. A few used evasive measures to avoid conflict with IRBs. Few successful strategies were identified for working with multiple IRBs. Although most investigators developed successful methods for working with IRBs, further research is needed on how differences in IRB culture affect human subjects protection, and on best approaches for obtaining IRB approval of multi‐site studies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36: 478–486, 2013
Obesity and people with disabilities: The implications for health care expenditures
Authors: Anderson Wayne L. , Wiener Joshua M. , Khatutsky Galina , Armour Brian S.
Published: June 2013

Objective

This study estimates additional average health care expenditures for overweight and obesity for adults with disabilities vs. without.

Design and Methods

Descriptive and multivariate methods were used to estimate additional health expenditures by service type, age group, and payer using 2004–2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data.

Results

In 2007, 37% of community‐dwelling Americans with disabilities were obese vs. 27% of the total population. People with disabilities had almost three times ($2,459) the additional average obesity cost of people without disabilities ($889). Prescription drug expenditures for obese people with disabilities were three times as high and outpatient expenditures were 74% higher. People with disabilities in the 45‐ to 64‐year age group had the highest obesity expenditures. Medicare had the highest additional average obesity expenditures among payers. Among people with prescription drug expenditures, obese people with disabilities had nine times the prevalence of diabetes as normal weight people with disabilities. Overweight people with and without disabilities had lower expenditures than normal‐weight people with and without disabilities.

Conclusions

Obesity results in substantial additional health care expenditures for people with disabilities. These additional expenditures pose a serious current and future problem, given the potential for higher obesity prevalence in the coming decade.
Serological data analyses show that adenovirus 36 infection is associated with obesity: A meta‐analysis involving 5739 subjects
Authors: Shang Qinglong , Wang Haiping , Song Yujia , Wei Lanlan , Lavebratt Catharina , Zhang Fengmin , Gu Hongxi
Published: June 2013

Objective

Serological studies on the relationship between adenovirus 36 (Ad36) and an increased risk of obesity development have shown conflicting results. We reviewed the published studies and carried out a meta‐analysis to explore this relationship.

Methods

PubMed was searched until December 2012 for the relative references with sufficient information to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 11 case‐control studies, including 2508 obese subjects and 3005 controls, were selected.

Results

Compared with nonobese controls, Ad36 infection significantly increased the obesity risk by a pooled OR of 1.60 (95% CI = 1.14‐2.25; P < 0.01). Meta‐regression showed that the types of subject and obesity assessments were potential risk factors. In the subgroup analysis, a significantly increased risk was found in children (OR = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.34‐2.85; z = 3.45; P < 0.01) and those with an obesity assessment of BMI ≥ 30 kg/cm2 (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.15‐3.10; P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Ad36 infection is associated with an increased risk of obesity development. To our knowledge, this is the first report to reveal the significant relationship in children with a serological data analysis.
Obesity rather than regional fat depots marks the metabolomic pattern of adipose tissue: An untargeted metabolomic approach
Authors: Hanzu F.A. , Vinaixa M. , Papageorgiou A. , Párrizas M. , Correig X. , Delgado S. , Carmona F. , Samino S. , Vidal J. , Gomis R.
Published: June 2013

Objective

This study compares the patterns of visceral (VIS) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue (AT)‐derived metabolites from non‐obese (BMI 24‐26 kg/m2) and obese subjects (BMI > 40 kg/m2) with no major metabolic risk factors other than BMI.

Methods

SC‐ and VIS‐ AT obtained from obese (Ob) and non‐obese (NOb) subjects during surgery were incubated to obtain their metabolites. Differences related to obesity or anatomical provenances of AT were assessed using an untargeted metabolomics approach based on gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry.

Results

The overall effect of obesity on the metabolite profile resulted more remarkable than the effect of regional AT. Only the depletion of 2‐ketoisocaproic (2‐KIC) acid reached statistical significance for the SC‐AT alone, although it was observed in both depots. Obesity induced more significant changes in several amino acids levels of the VIS‐AT metabolites. On the one hand, higher released levels of glutamine and alanine were detected in the VIS‐ obese AT, whereas on the other, the VIS‐ obese AT presented a diminished uptake of essential amino acids (methionine, threonine, lysine), BCAAs, leucine, and serine.

Conclusion

This study shows that obesity markedly affects the amino acid metabolic signature of the AT before the clinical onset of other significant metabolic alterations aside from BMI.
Statistical constraints on El Niño Southern Oscillation reconstructions using individual foraminifera: A sensitivity analysis
Authors: Thirumalai Kaustubh , Partin Judson W. , Jackson Charles S. , Quinn Terrence M.
Published: June 2013

Recent investigations of submillennial paleoceanographic variability have attempted to resolve high‐frequency climate signals such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) using the population statistics of individual planktic foraminiferal δ18O analyses. This approach is complicated by the relatively short lifespan of individual foraminifers (~2–4 weeks) compared to the time represented by a typical marine sediment sample (~decades to millennia). Here, we investigate the uncertainty associated with individual foraminiferal analyses (IFA) through simulations on forward modeled δ18Ocarbonate. First, focusing on the Niño3.4 region of the tropical Pacific Ocean, a bootstrap Monte Carlo algorithm is developed to constrain the uncertainty on IFA‐statistics. Subsequently, to test the sensitivity of IFA to changes in seasonal cycle amplitude, ENSO amplitude, and ENSO frequency, synthetic time series of δ18Ocarbonate with differing variability are constructed and tested with our algorithm. The probabilities of the IFA technique in detecting changes in ENSO amplitude and seasonal cycle amplitude (or a combination of both) for the surface ocean and thermocline at different locations in the tropical Pacific are quantified. We find that the uncertainty in the standard deviation is smaller than the range, that the IFA‐signal is insensitive to ENSO frequency, and at certain locations the seasonal cycle may dominate ENSO. IFA sensitivity towards ENSO is highest at the central equatorial Pacific surface ocean and the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) thermocline whereas sensitivity towards the seasonal cycle is highest at the EEP surface ocean. Our results suggest that rigorous uncertainty quantification should become standard practice for accurately interpreting IFA‐data.
A graphene quantum dot realized by an armchair graphene nanoribbon with line defect
Authors: Sui Xiao‐Yan , Li Zhi‐Chao , Gong Wei‐Jiang , Yu Guo‐Dong , Chen Xiao‐Hui
Published: June 2013

The electron transport in a semiconducting armchair graphene nanoribbon with line defect is theoretically investigated, by coupling it to two normal metallic leads. It is found that the line defect induces a new localized quantum state near the Dirac point, and that the coupling between this state and the leads provides a channel for the resonant tunneling. This means that such a finite‐size nanoribbon can be viewed as a quantum dot. When two line defects are present simultaneously, a coupled quantum dot forms, leading to the splitting of the conductance peaks. With these results, we propose such a structure to be a promising candidate of an electron transistor. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coulomb‐enhanced spin–orbit coupling and semiconductor to half‐metal transition under pressure in Sr2CrReO6
Authors: Wang Jing , Zu Ningning , Wang Ying , Wu Zhijian
Published: June 2013

Ordered Sr2CrReO6 has been synthesized recently. It is measured to be ferrimagnetic semiconductor, in contrary to the previous reports of metallic properties. To solve the discrepancy, we have investigated the compound by using the density functional theory. The semiconducting behavior is reproduced by including the electron correlation and spin–orbit coupling simultaneously. The calculated band gap is 0.22 eV, close to the experimental value of 0.21 eV. A large orbital moment of 0.69µB is found for Re, which is caused by the Coulomb‐enhanced spin–orbit coupling. By applying pressure, a semiconductor to half‐metal transition is observed through 5% volume compression.

magnified image

(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Janson inequalities for general up‐sets
Authors: Riordan Oliver , Warnke Lutz
Published: June 2013

Janson and Janson, Łuczak and Ruciński proved several inequalities for the lower tail of the distribution of the number of events that hold, when all the events are up‐sets (increasing events) of a special form—each event is the intersection of some subset of a single set of independent events (i.e., a principal up‐set). We show that these inequalities in fact hold for arbitrary up‐sets, by modifying existing proofs to use only positive correlation, avoiding the need to assume positive correlation conditioned on one of the events. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 46, 391–395, 2015
The measurement and analysis of surface geometric structure of ceramic femoral heads
Authors: Niemczewska‐Wójcik M. , Gawlik J. , Sładek J.
Published: June 2013

The surface functionality of interacting components is determined by evaluating geometric surface structure. Hence, the ceramic femoral heads originated from precision machining were subject to measurement and analysis with regard to roughness, surface damages and deviation from roundness. A variety of measurement techniques were applied in order to thoroughly examine the product quality. The obtained results proved in accordance with the specification: Ra was not greater than 0.05 µm, whereas Δ was less than 10 µm (5 µm) when ceramic balls were used in conjunction with a polyethylene (ceramic) socket. Additionally, the surface damages which can affect the life of a friction pair were analyzed. SCANNING 36:105–114, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of cytotoxic, oxidative stress, proinflammatory and genotoxic effect of silver nanoparticles in human lung epithelial cells
Authors: Suliman Y Al Omar , Ali Daoud , Alarifi Saud , Harrath Abdul Halim , Mansour Lamjed , Alwasel Saleh Hamad
Published: June 2013

Silver nanoparticles are increasingly used in various products, due to their antibacterial properties. Despite its wide spread use, only little information on possible adverse health effects exists. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the toxic potential of silver nanoparticles (<100 nm) in human lung epithelial (A549) cells and the underlying mechanism of its cellular toxicity. Silver nanoparticles induced dose and time‐dependent cytotoxicity in A549 cells demonstrated by MTT and LDH assays. Silver nanoparticles were also found to induce oxidative stress in dose and time‐dependent manner indicated by depletion of GSH and induction of ROS, LPO, SOD, and catalase. Further, the activities of caspases and the level of proinflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were significantly higher in treated cells. DNA damage, as measured by single cell gel electrophoresis, was also dose and time‐dependent signicants in A549 cells. This study investigating the effects of silver nanoparticles in human lung epithelial cells has provided valuable insights into the mechanism of potential toxicity induced by silver nanoparticles and warrants more careful assessment of silver nanoparticles before their industrial applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 149–160, 2015.
Young Adults’ Pre‐Existing Knowledge of Cystic Fibrosis and Sickle Cell Diseases: Implications for Newborn Screening
Authors: Noke Melissa , Ulph Fiona
Published: June 2013

Parental distress following newborn screening is thought to result from inadequate preparation for screening results which can result in maladjustment to screening results after birth. Although prior awareness of relevant genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell diseases, and preparedness for screening is suggested to enhance information uptake and reduce parental distress, little is known about how young adults’ prior knowledge prepares them for screening or affects the assimilation and retention of screening information. Thirty‐four young adults, without familial genetic disease or screening experience took part in one of seven focus groups which examined knowledge of cystic fibrosis and sickle cell diseases and ability to assimilate new disease information. Thematic analysis revealed that adults had limited understanding of how cystic fibrosis and sickle cell diseases were inherited or how symptoms manifest, leaving them inadequately prepared for screening results if they do not engage with information interventions. Further, they selectively assimilated new disease information and had difficulty understanding new information in the absence of prior disease knowledge. Young adults’ prior disease knowledge should be considered within a newborn screening context and written materials should consider the inclusion of carrier statistics to improve information relevance.
Widespread Earth Tremors in parts of Central Tamil Nadu on 12th August 2011 and its Significance
Authors: Ramasamy S.M. , Saravanavel J. , Kumanan C.J. , Muthukumar M. , Karthick S.
Published: June 2013

The southern part of the Indian Peninsular has started witnessing fast recurring seismicities and earth tremors with the magnitude of 3-5 in the recent years. In this context, the earthquake occurred, with a magnitude of 3.5, east of Ariyalur, Central Tamil Nadu, on 12th August, 2011 is significant. It is because, followed by the earthquake, tremors were felt in over 35-40 villages in an area of 8000 sq km along with the development of cracks and dislocations in buildings in several places. The remote sensing observations showed that while the Ariyalur epicenter is in the eastern Tertiary formations, the tremor felt villages lie in the western crystalline formations. Again the correlation of remote sensing based lineaments with Ariyalur earthquake, the related tremors and also a few past seismic events of the area showed that these epicenters mostly lie along NE-SW lineaments. The tremors related to Ariyalur event were also felt mostly in villages located again in the vicinity of NE-SW lineaments. The lineaments appear to be post collision tectonic grains related to the still on going northerly compressive force due to which only the Indian plate is buckling and fracturing now. Hence the 12th August, 2011 seismic event of Ariyalur cannot be taken as an isolated phenomenon and appears to be related to the Indian plate deformation as a whole. So it calls for in depth studies in the context of fast relapsing seismicities in peninsular India.
Functions of nonsuicidal self‐injury among Chinese community adolescents
Authors: You Jianing , Lin Min‐Pei , Leung Freedom
Published: June 2013

This study examined functions of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) among a large sample of Chinese high school students over a six‐month period. Among Chinese adolescents, we identified three factors of NSSI functions, namely, Affect Regulation, Social Influence, and Social Avoidance. Affect Regulation was the most frequently endorsed function of NSSI, followed by Social Influence and Social Avoidance. Adolescent male self‐injurers were more likely to endorse the Social Influence function than their female counterparts. Moderate/Severe Self‐injurers did not differ from Minor Self‐injurers on the endorsement of various NSSI functions. All functions of NSSI exhibited small to moderate stability over the six‐month assessment period. Findings suggest that Chinese adolescents engaged in NSSI for multiple reasons. These reasons also varied considerably over time within individuals. Assessment of NSSI should thus regularly assess functions of the behavior.
MicroRNA‐133b stimulates ovarian estradiol synthesis by targeting Foxl2
Authors: Dai Anyi , Sun Haixiang , Fang Ting , Zhang Qun , Wu Shaogen , Jiang Yue , Ding Lijun , Yan Guijun , Hu Yali
Published: June 2013

Forkhead L2 (Foxl2) is expressed in ovarian granulosa cells and participates in steroidogenesis by transcriptionally regulating target genes such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and CYP19A1. In this study, a direct link between microRNA‐133b (miR‐133b) and Foxl2‐mediated estradiol release in granulosa cells was established. miR‐133b was involved in follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH)‐induced estrogen production. Luciferase assays confirmed that miR‐133b was bound to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of Foxl2 mRNA. Consistent with this finding, miR‐133b overexpression reduced the Foxl2 levels. Furthermore, miR‐133b inhibited Foxl2 binding to the StAR and CYP19A1 promoter sequences. These results demonstrate that miR‐133b down‐regulates Foxl2 expression in granulosa cells by directly targeting the 3′UTR, thus inhibiting the Foxl2‐mediated transcriptional repression of StAR and CYP19A1to promote estradiol production.
The regularities of formation of noble- and rare-metal mineralization in Cenozoic coaliferous deposits in the southern Far East
Authors: Sorokin A.P. , Rozhdestvina V.I. , Kuz’minykh V.M. , Zhmodik S.M. , Anoshin G.N. , Mitkin V.N.
Published: June 2013

We performed system studies of age parageneses and lateral conjugation of peat and gold accumulation areas as well as the regularities of formation of noble- and rare-metal mineralization in Cenozoic coaliferous deposits in the south of the Russian Far East. The migration properties of noble metals (NMs) and their behavior in different media are considered. Based on literature data and results of experimental studies, we performed analysis and selection of the most optimal methods for the quantitative determination of NMs and trace and rare-earth elements. The experiments have confirmed the NB fugacity and have shown for the first time the scales of transportation of NMs as ultrafine particles during coal combustion. The obtained results significantly expand the notions of the migration properties of NMs and serve as the key to the solution of the problem of NM extraction in analytical and technological processes. Also, areas promising for noble- and rare-metal mineralization have been revealed in coal basins.
The time of the formation and destruction of the Meso-Cenozoic peneplanation surface in East Sayan
Authors: Arzhannikova A.V. , Jolivet M. , Arzhannikov S.G. , Vassallo R. , Chauvet A.
Published: June 2013

The history of the peneplain in East Sayan was studied using apatite fission-track analysis (AFTA). This method is suitable for determining the formation time of the erosional surface and estimating its denudation rate. The largest known relic of the peneplanation surface in this area is the Oka Plateau, separated from the Kropotkin Ridge by the Oka–Zhombolok fault. The AFTA shows that the peneplain on the Oka Plateau formed in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. This peneplain is much younger than the erosional surfaces that persist today in the Tien Shan, Gobi Altai, and Mongolian Altai (Early Jurassic). However, it is older than the peneplain on the Chulyshman Plateau, Altai (Late Cretaceous), suggesting asynchronous formation of the ancient peneplain in Central Asia. The similar exhumation histories of samples from the Oka Plateau and Kropotkin Ridge indicate that these morphotectonic structures developed from Jurassic to late Miocene as a single block, which underwent continuous slow denudation at an average rate of 0.0175 mm/yr. Active tectonic processes in the Late Miocene caused the destruction of the peneplanation surface and its partial uplifting to different altitudes. The rate of Pliocene–Quaternary vertical movements along the Oka–Zhombolok fault is roughly estimated at 0.046–0.080 mm/yr, which is several times higher than the denudation rate in this area. During the Pliocene–Quaternary, the Oka Plateau has not undergone any significant morphologic changes owing to its intermediate position between the summit plain and datum surface of East Sayan and to its partial shielding by basaltic lavas.
Modular Invariants and Twisted EquivariantK-theory II: Dynkin diagram symmetries
Authors: Evans David E. , Gannon Terry
Published: June 2013

The most basic structure ofchiralconformal field theory (CFT) is the Verlinde ring. Freed-Hopkins-Teleman have expressed the Verlinde ring for the CFT's associated to loop groups, as twisted equivariant K-theory. We build on their work to express K-theoretically the structures offullCFT. In particular, the modular invariant partition functions (which essentially parametrise the possible full CFTs) have a rich interpretation within von Neumann algebras (subfactors), which has led to the developments of structures of full CFT such as the full system (fusion ring of defect lines), nimrep (cylindrical partition function), alpha-induction etc. Modular categorical interpretations for these have followed. For the generic families of modular invariants (i.e. those associated to Dynkin diagram symmetries), we provide aK-theoretic framework for these other CFT structures, and show how they relate to D-brane charges and charge-groups. We also study conformal embeddings and themodular invariant of SU(2), as well as some families of finite group doubles. This newK-theoretic framework allows us to simplify and extend the less transparent, more ad hoc descriptions of these structures obtained previously within CFT.
Toward an Anthropology of Ingratitude: Notes from Andean Kinship
Authors: Leinaweaver Jessaca B.
Published: June 2013

In this article I examine gratitude and ingratitude as valuable analytical tools for determining how social inequalities inform kinship practices. Accusing one's kin of ingratitude reveals the edges and fault lines of kinship, as well as closely related expectations aboutwhatshould be given,howit should be given, and how it should bereceived. As such, this essay follows in an esteemed anthropological tradition of unifying analyses of the gift and of kinship. It argues that expressions of and talk about gratitude and ingratitude closely index dimensions of social relations such as gender, generation, and social class, and simultaneously reveal tensions within kinship relations where duty and obligation are contested. Ethnographic examples are drawn from fieldwork in Ayacucho, a small city in the Peruvian Andes, where informal fostering and the fraught relations between grown children and their aging parents provide two related arenas for expressions of ideas about gratitude and ingratitude. Analyzing these two examples, I argue for gratitude and ingratitude as analytical heuristics, useful to identify and focus upon dimensions of relations understood to fall within the domain of kinship, and potentially useful in other settings as well.
Fleabite: Gordon Matta-Clark and programmatic experimentation
Authors: Beşlioğlu Bahar , Savaş Ayşen
Published: June 2013

Gordon Matta-Clark (1943–1978), one of the lesser known architects of the second half of the twentieth century, studied architecture at Cornell University between 1962 and 1968. Although he had always been part of an active circle of artists and architects with whom he shared his radical ideas, Matta-Clark was generally excluded from the architectural milieu since his proposed interventions were thought to be unsuitable for accommodation. His exclusion from the architectural scene was marked; following his Window-Blow-Out(s) project in 1976, as Mary Jane Jacob has pointed out, his colleagues – including Peter Eisenman and the members of the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies (IAUS) – found it very hard to accept an architect with a BB gun in hand. The removal of the facade in the 1974 Bingo project; the elimination of the thresholds in the 1973 Bronx Floors; or the cut to a suburban house in the 1974 Splitting project were all evaluated as temporary, and destructive in the making; and were thus regarded as artistic actions to transform buildings into objects. As such, his critical architectural productions remained overshadowed behind a series of seemingly violent artistic intrusions.
The poetics of order: Dom Hans van der Laan's architectonic space
Authors: Voet Caroline
Published: June 2013

The Dutch architect and monk, Dom Hans van der Laan (1904–1991) leaves us with a legacy of architectural writings and realisations arising from his search for fundamental principles of architecture. His 1977 manifesto Architectonic Space aims to combine spatial philosophical concepts with practical design tools [1, 2]. The book is a series of fifteen lessons linking concepts, such as the relationships of inside-outside or mass-space, to his proportional series which he refers to as the Plastic Number. This article aims to offer an understanding and critical assessment of Dom van der Laan's poetics of order by unravelling how his buildings are made and how they are perceived [3]. I focus on the case study of the Jesu Moder Marias Convent in Tomelilla, Sweden.
Validation of an FFQ to assess antioxidant intake in overweight postmenopausal women
Authors: Yang Meng , Wang Ying , Davis Catherine G , Lee Sang Gil , Fernandez Maria Luz , Koo Sung I , Cho Eunyoung , Chun Ock K
Published: June 2013

Objective

To validate an FFQ to assess antioxidant intake in overweight postmenopausal women.

Design

A seventy-four-item antioxidant 1-month FFQ was developed based on major antioxidant sources in the American diet. Forty overweight postmenopausal women participated in a 9-month observational study and completed four sets of FFQ and 7 d food record (7dFR) every 3 months. Twelve-hour fasting blood was collected for plasma antioxidant measurement at the first visit.

Setting

Connecticut, USA.

Subjects

Forty overweight postmenopausal women.

Results

Spearman correlation coefficients of 1-month antioxidant intake estimated from the first set of FFQ and 7dFR ranged from 0·34 to 0·87, except for γ-tocopherol. The proportion of participants categorized into the extremely opposite tertiles averaged 7 %. Significant correlations were observed for diet–plasma vitamin C, α-tocopherol and carotenoids (P< 0·05). No time effect was observed on the dietary antioxidant intakes estimated from four 7dFR and four FFQ. Dietary antioxidants estimated from averaged four 7dFR showed moderate to high correlation with those estimated from averaged four FFQ and from each FFQ collected every 3 months. Bland–Altman plots did not show any systematic bias. Averaged misclassifications were below 10 % between these two instruments.

Conclusions

These findings attested a reasonable validity and a good acceptance of this 1-month FFQ in assessing both short-term and long-term diverse antioxidant intakes in these overweight postmenopausal women. The use of this FFQ in associating antioxidant intake with disease risk needs further investigation.
Intrinsically Fluorescent Silica Nanocontainers: A Promising Theranostic Platform
Authors: Rodrigues Ana S. , Ribeiro Tânia , Fernandes Fábio , Farinha José Paulo S. , Baleizão Carlos
Published: June 2013

In this paper we describe the preparation of fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for traceable drug delivery systems. The nanoparticles were prepared following a sol–gel procedure, incorporating a modified perylenediimide dye in the silica structure. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show that the nanoparticles are monodispersed, with a spheroid shape and a raspberry-type surface morphology. The hybrid MSNs are robust, maintaining the mesoporous structure after template removal, with a pore diameter above 2 nm. A polymer shell was synthesized from the external surface of the hybrid nanoparticles by atom transfer radical polymerization, showing temperature-switchable collapsed/expanded conformation control. The fluorescent properties of the perylenediimide dye incorporated in the MSN pore walls are intact, and internalization in HEK293 cells shows that the nanoparticles are efficiently dispersed in the cytosol. These results show that the mesoporous fluorescent hybrid nanoparticles are an excellent platform for development of a traceable drug delivery system.
Immunity to Bovine Herpesvirus 1: I. Viral lifecycle and innate immunity
Authors: Levings Randall L. , Roth James A.
Published: June 2013

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) causes a variety of diseases and is globally distributed. It infects via mucosal epithelium, leading to rapid lytic replication and latent infection, primarily in sensory ganglia. Large amounts of virus can be excreted by the host on primary infection or upon recrudescence of latent infection, resulting in disease spread. The bovine immune response to BHV-1 is rapid, robust, balanced, and long-lasting. The innate immune system is the first to respond to the infection, with type I interferons (IFNs), inflammatory cytokines, killing of infected host cells, and priming of a balanced adaptive immune response. The virus possesses a variety of immune evasion strategies, including inhibition of type I IFN production, chemokine and complement binding, infection of macrophages and neutrophils, and latency. BHV-1 immune suppression contributes to the severity of its disease manifestations and to the bovine respiratory disease complex, the leading cause of cattle death loss in the USA.
Das Selbstkonzept von Kindern in der Schuleingangsphase
Authors: Cimeli Patrizia , Neuenschwander Regula , Röthlisberger Marianne , Roebers Claudia M.
Published: June 2013

In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Ausprägung und die Struktur des Selbstkonzepts bei Kindern in der Schuleingangsphase (Kindergarten- und frühe Grundschulkinder, N = 297) untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Selbstkonzept und den mathematischen und schriftsprachlichen Vorläuferfertigkeiten sowie für den Schulerfolg relevanten, bereichsübergreifenden Fähigkeiten überprüft. Die faktorenanalytischen Ergebnisse zeigten, dass sich zu Beginn der Schullaufbahn neben einem vorakademischen und einem sozialen auch ein spielbezogener Selbstkonzeptbereich nachweisen lässt. Außerdem konnten bedeutsame Zusammenhänge zwischen dem vorakademischen Selbstkonzept und den mathematischen und schriftsprachlichen Vorläuferfertigkeiten gefunden werden. Hinsichtlich der eigenen Positionierung auf der Selbstkonzeptskala zeigten die älteren Kinder im Vergleich zu den jüngeren größere Variationen, was auf eine sehr frühe Ausdifferenzierung des Selbstkonzepts hinweisen könnte.
Die Veränderung jugendlichen Autonomiestrebens, wahrgenommener elterlicher Kontrolle und erlebter Konflikthäufigkeit in der Adoleszenz
Authors: Reindl Marion , Reinders Heinz , Gniewosz Burkhard
Published: June 2013

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, in wieweit ein Anstieg im Autonomiestreben von Jugendlichen die wahrgenommene Konflikthäufigkeit beeinflusst und ob dieser Einfluss über die Rücknahme der elterlichen Kontrolle mediiert wird. Die Analysen stützen sich auf eine Längsschnittstichprobe mit drei Messzeitpunkten von 416 Schülerinnen und Schülern deutscher und türkischer Herkunft aus Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse der Strukturgleichungsanalysen sprechen für ein kulturinvariantes Muster. So zeigt sich, dass ein zunehmendes Autonomiestreben eine Abnahme der elterlichen Kontrolle vorhersagt und in Folge dessen eine Abnahme der Konflikthäufigkeit stattfindet. Der Einfluss der Veränderung des Autonomiestrebens auf die Häufigkeit der Konflikte wird vollständig über die Veränderung der Kontrollwahrnehmung mediiert. Die Ergebnisse werden im Rahmen der Individuationstheorie diskutiert. Es wird darauf eingegangen, wie trotz eines zunehmenden Bedürfnisses nach Autonomie über die Rücknahme der elterlichen Kontrolle die Verbundenheit in der Familie erhalten bleiben kann.
Perfluorocarbons Enhance a T2*-Based MRI Technique for Identifying the Penumbra in a Rat Model of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Deuchar Graeme A , Brennan David , Griffiths Hugh , Macrae I Mhairi , Santosh Celestine
Published: June 2013

Accurate imaging of ischemic penumbra is crucial for improving the management of acute stroke patients. T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with a T2*oxygen challenge (T2*OC) is being developed to detect penumbra based on changes in blood deoxyhemoglobin. Using 100% O2, T2*OC-defined penumbra exhibits ongoing glucose metabolism and tissue recovery on reperfusion. However, potential limitations in translating this technique include a sinus artefact in human scans with delivery of 100% OC and relatively small signal changes. Here we investigate whether an oxygen-carrying perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion can enhance the sensitivity of the technique, enabling penumbra detection with lower levels of inspired oxygen. Stroke was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats ( n =17) with ischemic injury and perfusion deficit determined by diffusion and perfusion MRI, respectively. T2* signal change was measured in regions of interest (ROIs) located within ischemic core, T2*OC-defined penumbra and equivalent contralateral areas during 40% O2± prior PFC injection. Region of interest analyses between groups showed that PFC significantly enhanced the T2* response to 40% O2 in T2*-defined penumbra (mean increase of 10.6 ± 2.3% compared to 5.6 ± 1.5% with 40% O2, P<0.001). This enhancement was specific to the penumbra ROI. Perfluorocarbon emulsions therefore enhances the translational potential of the T2*OC technique for identifying penumbra in acute stroke patients.
BOLD Consistently Matches Electrophysiology in Human Sensorimotor Cortex at Increasing Movement Rates: A Combined 7T fMRI and ECoG Study on Neurovascular Coupling
Authors: Siero Jeroen CW , Hermes Dora , Hoogduin Hans , Luijten Peter R , Petridou Natalia , Ramsey Nick F
Published: June 2013

Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used to measure human brain function and relies on the assumption that hemodynamic changes mirror the underlying neuronal activity. However, an often reported saturation of the BOLD response at high movement rates has led to the notion of a mismatch in neurovascular coupling. We combined BOLD fMRI at 7T and intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) to assess the relationship between BOLD and neuronal population activity in human sensorimotor cortex using a motor task with increasing movement rates. Though linear models failed to predict BOLD responses from the task, the measured BOLD and ECoG responses from the same tissue were in good agreement. Electrocorticography explained almost 80% of the mismatch between measured- and model-predicted BOLD responses, indicating that in human sensorimotor cortex, a large portion of the BOLD nonlinearity with respect to behavior (movement rate) is well predicted by electrophysiology. The results further suggest that other reported examples of BOLD mismatch may be related to neuronal processes, rather than to neurovascular uncoupling.
Cleaning I: Solvents and Solutions
Authors: Berti D. , Lo Nostro P.
Published: June 2013

This chapter deals with the main properties of solvents, solutions and polymer solutions. The definition of solubility is provided, and the most important physico-chemical properties of solvents are introduced. The solute–solvent interactions, depending on their chemical composition, are discussed, focusing on the parameters that control the solubility of a solid in a liquid. The solubility of gases in liquids and the Henry's law are then discussed. The Hildebrand solubility parameters are presented as a guideline to predict the miscibility between two compounds. Basic definitions of polymers are then provided, focusing on the molecular weight, the polydispersity and the structural parameters. Finally, the solubility of polymers is approached through the Flory–Huggins theory, discussing the χ parameter as a tool for evaluating the goodness of fit of a solvent with a solute.
Synthesis and tribological properties of hexagonal NbSe2 nanoplates
Authors: Sun Jianrong , Tang Guogang , Li Changsheng , Ji Xiaorui , Liang Wei , Tang Hua
Published: June 2013

Hexagonal NbSe2 nanoplates have been successfully prepared via solid‐state reaction by a ball‐milled mixture of Nb and Se powders. The as‐prepared products are characterised by an X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the NbSe2 nanoplates have a hexagonal structure and the sizes of nanoplates are about 1 μm in diameter and 100–300 nm in thickness. The tribological properties of hexagonal NbSe2 nanoplates as a lubrication additive in paraffin base oil were investigated by a UMT‐2 ball‐on‐plate friction and wear tester. The wear scars were measured by a VEECO WYKO NT1100 non‐contact optical profile testing instrument. The study shows that under determinate conditions, the friction coefficient of the base oil containing NbSe2 nanoplates is lower than that of pure base oil, and it decreases with the increase of mass percent of NbSe2 powders when its proportion is lower than 2 wt%.