bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A simplified finite strain plasticity model for metallic applications
Authors: Chen Yiwei , Izzuddin Bassam A.
Published: June 2023

In this work, a finite strain elastoplastic model is proposed within a total Lagrangian framework based on multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient, with several simplifications aimed at facilitating more concise code implementation and enhancing computational efficiency. Pre- and post-processors are utilised for conversion between different stress and strain measures, sandwiching the core plastic flow algorithm which preserves the small strain form. Simplifications focus on the pre- and post-processor components by substituting certain arithmetic operations associated with high computational demands with simpler ones without compromising accuracy. These modifications are based on assumptions, which are valid for most metals, that the elastic strains are small compared to plastic strains, and that the incremental plastic deformations are small for each step. In addition, the consistent tangent modulus matrix is derived in a reduced form, both for the general full model and the new simplified model, facilitating more straightforward computations in both cases. The models are verified against two classical numerical examples where favourable comparisons are achieved. Overall, the simplified model is shown to provide a significant reduction in computational demand for the two considered numerical problems, with negligible deviation in the results compared to the full model, subject to fulfilling the underlying assumptions with the adoption of a sufficiently small step size.
The correlation between 9-HPT and patient-reported measures of upper limb function in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Grange Erica , Solaro Claudio , Di Giovanni Rachele , Marengo Davide
Published: June 2023

Upper limb function is one of the most affected domains in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), as self-reported by 50% of patients. Heterogeneous results have been found about the correlation between objective and subjective upper limb function. The aim of the present study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies presenting data on the strength of association between the gold standard for 9-Hole Peg Test scores and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) of manual ability. Primary research studies including assessments of 9-Hole Peg Test scores and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures were searched in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Meta analytical calculations were performed using a random-effects model. We retrieved n = 27 studies including n = 75 distinct effect sizes (N of subjects = 3263). The central tendency analysis showed a strong correlation between 9-HPT scores and PROMs (r = 0.51, 95% CI [0.44, 0.58]). Moderator analysis showed the effect size to be significantly larger in studies with a mean or median EDSS level indicating severe disability. The publication bias hypothesis was not supported; instead, we noted that studies based on larger samples also tend to report stronger effect sizes. Results of the study indicate that the correlation between 9-HPT and PROMs is strong, although the constructs measured by these instrument does not fully overlap. The correlation between 9-HPT and PROMs was stronger in larger studies and when samples include a sizeable subgroup of PwMS with severe disability, pointing out the importance of sample diversity.
Prachařite, CaSb5+2(As3+2O5)2O2·10H2O, a new mineral from Lavrion, Greece
Authors: Kolitsch Uwe , Sejkora Jiří , Topa Dan , Kampf Anthony R. , Plášil Jakub , Rieck Branko , Fabritz Karl Heinz
Published: June 2023

Prachařite, ideally CaSb5+2(As3+2O5)2O2·10H2O, is a new mineral found in underground workings of the Plaka Mine No. 80, Plaka, Lavrion Mining District, Attica, Greece. It occurs as colourless to white, thin tabular hexagonal, in general sharp crystals up to 2.5 mm in diameter, and is associated with pharmacolite, sulphur and very rare smamite {Ca2Sb(OH)4[H(AsO4)2]·6H2O} on a matrix composed of sphalerite, galena and carbonate gangue. Prachařite is translucent to transparent, with a glassy lustre, white streak, a good cleavage parallel to {0001} and a distinct cleavage parallel to {10$$\overline{1 }$$

1
¯

0}. It is non-luminescent, brittle, and has an uneven fracture, a Mohs hardness of 2–2.5 and X-ray density Dx = 2.848 g/cm3, Dcalc. = 2.836–2.853 g/cm3 (for two measured compositions). Optically, it is uniaxial negative, with ω = 1.619(1) and ε = 1.553(1). Prachařite is trigonal, space group P$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

c1 (no. 165), with a = 13.951(2), c = 19.899(2) Å, V = 3354.1(10) Å3 and Z = 6. Strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d in Å (I) hkl]: 9.894 (100) 002; 6.045 (8) 200; 5.156 (10) 202; 4.946 (11) 004; 3.297 (19) 311, 006, 222; 2.988 (22) 400, 313, 116. Two sets of independent electron probe micro-analyses yielded (wt%): CaO 6.28/7.12, MgO 0.09/-, Zn -/0.01, Sb2O5 39.22/40.19, As2O3 47.59/47.39, SO3 -/0.02, H2O 21.65/22.04 (calculated on the basis of ideal composition derived from crystal-structure determination), total 114.83/116.77; the total is reproducibly high due to a loss of a third of all water molecules under the electron beam. The empirical formulae, based on O = 22 atoms per formula unit, for the two datasets are very similar, (Ca0.93Mg0.02)Σ0.95Sb2.02(AsO3)4.00·10H2O and Ca1.04Sb2.03(AsO3)3.92·10H2O. The ideal formula is CaSb5+2(As3+2O5)2O2·10H2O, determined with the help of a crystal-structure determination based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction datasets collected at room temperature (R1 = 2.3%). The atomic arrangement of prachařite is unusual; it is based on two different layers containing a six-membered ring of corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra, an eight-coordinated Ca1 atom in the centre of the ring, two non-equivalent AsO3 groups corner-linked to form a (As2O5)4− diarsenite group, and, on interlayer sites, a seven-coordination Ca2 atom and three water molecules (all only weakly hydrogen-bonded), one of which is only partially occupied (split position). The mineral is named in honour of Dr Ivan Prachař, a long-term researcher of the mineralogy and underground workings of Lavrion.
What are the core recommendations for rheumatoid arthritis care? Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Conley Brooke , Bunzli Samantha , Bullen Jonathan , O’Brien Penny , Persaud Jennifer , Gunatillake Tilini , Nikpour Mandana , Grainger Rebecca , Barnabe Cheryl , Lin Ivan
Published: June 2023

Systematic r
eview to evaluate the quality of the clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management and to provide a synthesis of high-quality CPG recommendations, highlighting areas of consistency, and inconsistency. Electronic searches of five databases and four online guideline repositories were performed. RA management CPGs were eligible for inclusion if they were written in English and published between January 2015 and February 2022; focused on adults ≥ 18 years of age; met the criteria of a CPG as defined by the Institute of Medicine; and were rated as high quality on the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument. RA CPGs were excluded if they required additional payment to access; only addressed recommendations for the system/organization of care and did not include interventional management recommendations; and/or included other arthritic conditions. Of 27 CPGs identified, 13 CPGs met eligibility criteria and were included. Non-pharmacological care should include patient education, patient-centered care, shared decision-making, exercise, orthoses, and a multi-disciplinary approach to care. Pharmacological care should include conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), with methotrexate as the first-line choice. If monotherapy conventional synthetic DMARDs fail to achieve a treatment target, this should be followed by combination therapy conventional synthetic DMARDs (leflunomide, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine), biologic DMARDS and targeted synthetic DMARDS. Management should also include monitoring, pre-treatment investigations and vaccinations, and screening for tuberculosis and hepatitis. Surgical care should be recommended if non-surgical care fails. This synthesis offers clear guidance of evidence-based RA care to healthcare providers.

Trial registration

The protocol for this review was registered with Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UB3Y7).
Carcinogenesis and management of human papillomavirus-associated cervical cancer
Authors: Kusakabe Misako , Taguchi Ayumi , Sone Kenbun , Mori Mayuyo , Osuga Yutaka
Published: June 2023

Approximately 95% of cervical cancer are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Although it is estimated that HPV-associated cervical cancer will decrease with the widespread use of HPV vaccine, it may take time for HPV-associated cervical cancer to be eliminated. For the appropriate management of HPV-associated cervical cancer, it is important to understand the detailed mechanisms of cervical cancer development. First, the cellular origin of most cervical cancers is thought to be cells in the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) of the uterine cervix. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of SCJ for cervical cancer screening and treatment. Second, cervical cancer is caused by high risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection, however, the manner of progression to cervical cancer differs depending on the type of HR-HPV: HPV16 is characterized by a stepwise carcinogenesis, HPV18 is difficult to detect in precancerous lesions, and HPV52, 58 tends to remain in the state of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Third, in addition to the type of HPV, the involvement of the human immune response is also important in the progression and regression of cervical cancer. In this review, we demonstrate the carcinogenesis mechanism of HPV-associated cervical cancer, management of CIN, and the current treatment of CIN and cervical cancer.
Histopathological Image Deep Feature Representation for CBIR in Smart PACS
Authors: Tommasino Cristian , Merolla Francesco , Russo Cristiano , Staibano Stefania , Rinaldi Antonio Maria
Published: June 2023

Pathological Anatomy is moving toward computerizing processes mainly due to the extensive digitization of histology slides that resulted in the availability of many Whole Slide Images (WSIs). Their use is essential, especially in cancer diagnosis and research, and raises the pressing need for increasingly influential information archiving and retrieval systems. Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACSs) represent an actual possibility to archive and organize this growing amount of data. The design and implementation of a robust and accurate methodology for querying them in the pathology domain using a novel approach are mandatory. In particular, the Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) methodology can be involved in the PACSs using a query-by-example task. In this context, one of many crucial points of CBIR concerns the representation of images as feature vectors, and the accuracy of retrieval mainly depends on feature extraction. Thus, our study explored different representations of WSI patches by features extracted from pre-trained Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs). In order to perform a helpful comparison, we evaluated features extracted from different layers of state-of-the-art CNNs using different dimensionality reduction techniques. Furthermore, we provided a qualitative analysis of obtained results. The evaluation showed encouraging results for our proposed framework.

Graphical Abstract
An overview of space-variant and active vision mechanisms for resource-constrained human inspired robotic vision
Authors: de Figueiredo Rui Pimentel , Bernardino Alexandre
Published: June 2023

In order to explore and understand the surrounding environment in an efficient manner, humans have developed a set of space-variant vision mechanisms that allow them to actively attend different locations in the surrounding environment and compensate for memory, neuronal transmission bandwidth and computational limitations in the brain. Similarly, humanoid robots deployed in everyday environments have limited on-board resources, and are faced with increasingly complex tasks that require interaction with objects arranged in many possible spatial configurations. The main goal of this work is to describe and overview biologically inspired, space-variant human visual mechanism benefits, when combined with state-of-the-art algorithms for different visual tasks (e.g. object detection), ranging from low-level hardwired attention vision (i.e. foveal vision) to high-level visual attention mechanisms. We overview the state-of-the-art in biologically plausible space-variant resource-constrained vision architectures, namely for active recognition and localization tasks.
Intra and Extra-Familial Child Sexual Abuse: The Role of Psychopathy
Authors: Sousa Marta , Cunha Olga , Gonçalves Rui Abrunhosa , de Castro-Rodrigues Andreia
Published: June 2023

The present study analyses the relationship between psychopathic traits, the four facets of psychopathy (i.e., interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and antisocial), and the type of crime committed (i.e., intrafamilial and extrafamilial child sexual abuse; and nonsexual crimes). The Self-Report Psychopathy Scale – Short Form (SRP-SF) and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale – Short Form were completed by 110 male individuals who sexually offended minors (ISOMs) and 146 individuals convicted for nonsexual crimes. Four binary logistic regression analyses were conducted, controlling for sociodemographic, criminal, and individual variables. ISOMs are less likely to score high in the SRP-SF total score and the interpersonal facet and more likely to score high in the affective facet than individuals with nonsexual crimes. Besides, ISOMs are less likely to have a prior history of alcohol and drug abuse and to have previous contact with the justice system but are more likely to have a history of psychological problems. Therefore, only the prior alcohol and drug abuse history emerged as predictors for ISOMs subtypes. According to our results, psychopathic traits should not be considered in the assessment and intervention of ISOMs, and the focus of the intervention should be on the affective dimension and the level of psychopathology.
Automatic patient positioning based on robot rotational workspace for extended reality
Authors: Żelechowski Marek , Faludi Balázs , Karnam Murali , Gerig Nicolas , Rauter Georg , Cattin Philippe C.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Understanding the properties and aspects of the robotic system is essential to a successful medical intervention, as different capabilities and limits characterize each. Robot positioning is a crucial step in the surgical setup that ensures proper reachability to the desired port locations and facilitates docking procedures. This very demanding task requires much experience to master, especially with multiple trocars, increasing the barrier of entry for surgeons in training.

Methods

Previously, we demonstrated an Augmented Reality-based system to visualize the rotational workspace of the robotic system and proved it helps the surgical staff to optimize patient positioning for single-port interventions. In this work, we implemented a new algorithm to allow for an automatic, real-time robotic arm positioning for multiple ports.

Results

Our system, based on the rotational workspace data of the robotic arm and the set of trocar locations, can calculate the optimal position of the robotic arm in milliseconds for the positional and in seconds for the rotational workspace in virtual and augmented reality setups.

Conclusions

Following the previous work, we extended our system to support multiple ports to cover a broader range of surgical procedures and introduced the automatic positioning component. Our solution can decrease the surgical setup time and eliminate the need to repositioning the robot mid-procedure and is suitable both for the preoperative planning step using VR and in the operating room—running on an AR headset.
Mathematics teachers’ professional noticing: Transfer of a video-based competence assessment instrument into teacher education for evaluation purposes
Authors: Weyers Jonas , König Johannes , Rott Benjamin , Greefrath Gilbert , Vorhölter Katrin , Kaiser Gabriele
Published: June 2023

Teacher noticing has become widely accepted as a principal component of teacher competence; it is supported during university teacher education in many activities. However, only a few high-quality standardized measurement instruments exist that capture noticing and allow valid interpretations of how its development depends on factors within university teacher education. The present study is based on a video-based test instrument that has been developed to enable a standardized study of the noticing of practicing mathematics teachers—that is, their perception, interpretation, and decision-making skills—with respect to subject-specific and general pedagogical issues in secondary mathematics classrooms. This study examines how this instrument developed for in-service teachers can be used for pre-service teachers at the master’s degree level. Based on a sample of 313 pre-service mathematics teachers enrolled in six German universities, the study investigates (1) the instrument’s internal structure (scaling models based on item response theory) and (2) its association with relevant factors within university teacher education. The results reveal that a scaling model based on the three noticing facets (perception, interpretation, and decision-making) was superior to a one-dimensional scaling model. Opportunity to learn in mathematics education and average grades in final secondary school examinations were shown to be significant predictors of test performance. However, there was no effect for university-specific opportunity to learn in general pedagogy or pedagogical experiences outside teacher education. Overall, the results suggest that the measurement instrument can be used to assess pre-service mathematics teachers’ noticing in university teacher education.
Clarifying Sound and Suspect Use of the Rorschach in Forensic Mental Health Evaluations: A Response to Areh et al. (2022)
Authors: de Ruiter Corine , Giromini Luciano , Meyer Gregory J. , King Christopher M. , Rubin Benjamin A.
Published: June 2023

Areh et al. (Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 29:183–205, 2022) recently commented on what standards should be applied to determine whether a test is appropriate for psycholegal use and concluded that the Rorschach does not meet their proposed standards. Accordingly, they concluded that psychologists should not use it in legal contexts. However, Areh et al.’s (2022) claims are based on a significant misunderstanding of how the Rorschach task works, relative neglect of the last 20 years of Rorschach research, unrealistic psychometric standards for assessing the reliability and validity of a psychological assessment measure, and a single European legal case in which a forensic expert used the Rorschach inappropriately. Our article seeks to clarify and correct some of their errors and misleading assertions. First, we clarify how the Rorschach task works according to more recent and widely accepted conceptualizations. Then, we show that Areh et al.’s (2022) position that Rorschach task data do not meet acceptable validity standards, especially when compared to medical tests, is empirically untenable. Next, we provide a detailed and nuanced account of what the Rorschach has to offer as a performance-based assessment method for forensic evaluators and the legal system, with attention paid to the anecdotal legal case Areh et al. (2022) highlighted. Finally, we provide four reasons why the Rorschach can be a useful tool for forensic mental health assessments when using the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS).
Attributed Stream Hypergraphs: temporal modeling of node-attributed high-order interactions
Authors: Failla Andrea , Citraro Salvatore , Rossetti Giulio
Published: June 2023

Recent advances in network science have resulted in two distinct research directions aimed at augmenting and enhancing representations for complex networks. The first direction, that of high-order modeling, aims to focus on connectivity between sets of nodes rather than pairs, whereas the second one, that of feature-rich augmentation, incorporates into a network all those elements that are driven by information which is external to the structure, like node properties or the flow of time. This paper proposes a novel toolbox, that of Attributed Stream Hypergraphs (ASHs), unifying both high-order and feature-rich elements for representing, mining, and analyzing complex networks. Applied to social network analysis, ASHs can characterize complex social phenomena along topological, dynamic and attributive elements. Experiments on real-world face-to-face and online social media interactions highlight that ASHs can easily allow for the analyses, among others, of high-order groups’ homophily, nodes’ homophily with respect to the hyperedges in which nodes participate, and time-respecting paths between hyperedges.
High-Energy Room-Temperature Sodium–Sulfur and Sodium–Selenium Batteries for Sustainable Energy Storage
Authors: Huang Zefu , Jaumaux Pauline , Sun Bing , Guo Xin , Zhou Dong , Shanmukaraj Devaraj , Armand Michel , Rojo Teofilo , Wang Guoxiu
Published: June 2023

Rechargeable room-temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) and sodium–selenium (Na–Se) batteries are gaining extensive attention for potential large-scale energy storage applications owing to their low cost and high theoretical energy density. Optimization of electrode materials and investigation of mechanisms are essential to achieve high energy density and long-term cycling stability of Na–S(Se) batteries. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress in Na–S(Se) batteries. We elucidate the Na storage mechanisms and improvement strategies for battery performance. In particular, we discuss the advances in the development of battery components, including high-performance sulfur cathodes, optimized electrolytes, advanced Na metal anodes and modified separators. Combined with current research achievements, this review outlines remaining challenges and clear research directions for the future development of practical high-performance Na–S(Se) batteries.

Graphic Abstract
Integrating Patient-Generated Health Data Throughout the Total Product Life Cycle of Medical Devices
Authors: Webber Christina M. , Riberdy Hammer Anne , Saha Anindita , Marinac-Dabic Danica , Caños Daniel A. , Tarver Michelle E.
Published: June 2023

Nearly ubiquitous use of personal electronics, wearable sensors, and other types of digital health technologies, along with wireless connectivity, makes the capture of health data directly from an individual easier, enabling the use of patient-generated health data (PGHD) as a potential bridge between a patient’s home and the healthcare system. This type of real-world data may be a completely new type of information, or it may be a more frequent collection of traditional information over longer time periods to form a longitudinal view of a patient’s health status that can inform decision-making in clinical, medical product regulatory, and coverage and reimbursement settings. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) has been exploring and advancing the collection and use of PGHD since 2016, hosting a public meeting on the topic in May 2021. This manuscript presents highlights from various discussions at this meeting including those on the importance of stakeholder engagement, characteristics of high data quality, and PGHD in practice in patient-driven registries, as well as a look forward to some of the opportunities in the field.
Multiple generalized cluster structures on
Authors: Voloshyn Dmitriy
Published: June 2023

We produce a large class of generalized cluster structures on the Drinfeld double of

$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_n$

that are compatible with Poisson brackets given by Belavin–Drinfeld classification. The resulting construction is compatible with the previous results on cluster structures on

$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_n$

.
Drift of ablated material after pellet injection in a tokamak
Authors: Vallhagen O. , Pusztai I. , Helander P. , Newton S.L. , Fülöp T.
Published: June 2023

Pellet injection is used for fuelling and controlling discharges in tokamaks, and it is foreseen in ITER. During pellet injection, a movement of the ablated material towards the low-field side (or outward major radius direction) occurs because of the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field. Due to the complexity of the theoretical models, computer codes developed to simulate the cross-field drift are computationally expensive. Here, we present a one-dimensional semi-analytical model for the radial displacement of ablated material after pellet injection, taking into account both the Alfvén and ohmic currents which shortcircuit the charge separation creating the drift. The model is suitable for rapid calculation of the radial drift displacement, and can be useful for e.g. modelling of disruption mitigation via pellet injection.
Nonlinear drift-wave and energetic particle long-time behaviour in stellarators: solution of the kinetic problem
Authors: Zocco Alessandro , Mishchenko Alexey , Könies Axel , Falessi Matteo , Zonca Fulvio
Published: June 2023

We propose a theoretical scheme for the study of the nonlinear interaction of drift-wave-like turbulence and energetic particles in stellarators. The approach is based on gyrokinetics, and features a separation of time and scales, for electromagnetic fluctuations, inspired by linear ballooning theory. Two specific moments of the gyrokinetic equation constitute the main equations of the system, which requires a full kinetic nonlinear solution. This is found iteratively, expanding in the smallness of the bounce-average radial drift frequency, and nonlinear

$\boldsymbol {E}\times \boldsymbol {B}$

drift frequency, compared with the inverse time scales of the resonantly interacting energetic particles. Our analysis is therefore valid for neoclassically optimised stellators. The resummation of all iterative and perturbative nonlinear kinetic solutions is discussed in terms of Feynman diagrams. Particular emphasis is put on the role of collisionlessly undamped large-scale structures in phase space, the kinetic equivalent of zonal flows, i.e. phase-space zonal structures, and on wave-like fluctuations generated by energetic particles.
A tale of two species: the importance of native ecosystems for long-term conservation on Príncipe Island, Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Rebelo Guilherme R.V. , Soares Filipa C. , Panisi Martina , dos Santos Yodiney , Bird Tania L.F. , Sinclair Frazer , Palmeirim Jorge , de Lima Ricardo Faustino
Published: June 2023

Since it was first described in 1901, the Príncipe thrush Turdus xanthorhynchus has been rare and restricted to the native forest in the south of Príncipe Island. The Obô giant land snail Archachatina bicarinata, however, was widespread across the island and at least locally abundant until the 1990s. Since then its population has collapsed, and now, like the thrush, it is also restricted to the native forest in the south of the island. Using species distribution modelling, we show that both species are currently strongly associated with rugged and remote areas of native forest at high altitudes. We argue that their current distribution might be negatively affected by anthropogenic pressures, as both are harvested, and also because invasive alien species are expected to have deleterious effects on these species, although further studies are needed to clarify interactions between these native and introduced species. The diachronic stories of these species highlight an overlooked value of native ecosystems: their role in the conservation of widespread species that might be unable to use anthropogenic landscapes in the future. They also reinforce the need for protected areas that strive to exclude most human activities in the context of particularly sensitive biodiversity, as is often the case on oceanic islands.
Antonio de la Roche and the discovery of South Georgia
Authors: Campbell Gordon
Published: June 2023

This article seeks to investigate the claim that South Georgia may have been first discovered in April 1675 by an English merchant called Antonio de la Roche. There are two unresolved questions: whether La Roche was the first to see the island, and whether the island that he saw was South Georgia. I introduce a third uncertainly by questioning whether Antonio de la Roche ever existed. He does not appear in the records of the French churches in London, and the sole source of his biography is the work of a fabricator, Francisco de Seyxas.
Different epidemiological characteristics between patients with non-hospital-onset and hospital-onset candidemia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Yung-Chun , Ho Mao-Wang , Chao Wen-Cheng , Chang Chao-Chin
Published: June 2023

Candidemia is a life-threatening infectious disease that has varying incidences. Previous studies revealed the differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes between non-hospital-onset (NHO) and hospital-onset (HO) candidemia. This 4-year retrospective research included adult patients with candidemia in a tertiary medical centre in Taiwan, and cases were categorised as NHO and HO candidemia. Survival analysis and risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models. The analysis included 339 patients, and the overall incidence was 1.50 per 1,000 admission person-year. Of the cases, 82 (24.18%) were NHO candidemia, and 57.52% (195/339) of patients were diagnosed with at least one malignancy. C. albicans was the most commonly isolated species, accounting for 52.21%. Patients with NHO candidemia had a higher proportion of C. glabrata but a lower ratio of C. tropicalis in comparison to the HO group. The all-cause in-hospital mortality rate was 55.75%. Multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models showed that NHO candidemia was a better outcome predictor (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.44). The administration of antifungal therapy within 2 days was a protective factor. In conclusion, NHO candidemia showed distinct microbiological characteristics and a better outcome than HO candidemia.
Global and local evolutionary dynamics of Dengue virus serotypes 1, 3, and 4
Authors: Islam Arshi , Deeba Farah , Tarai Bansidhar , Gupta Ekta , Naqvi Irshad H. , Abdullah Mohd. , Dohare Ravins , Ahmed Anwar , Almajhdi Fahad N. , Hussain Tajamul , Parveen Shama
Published: June 2023

Evolutionary studies on Dengue virus (DENV) in endemic regions are necessary since naturally occurring mutations may lead to genotypic variations or shifts in serotypes, which may lead to future outbreaks. Our study comprehends the evolutionary dynamics of DENV, using phylogenetic, molecular clock, skyline plots, network, selection pressure, and entropy analyses based on partial CprM gene sequences. We have collected 250 samples, 161 in 2017 and 89 in 2018. Details for the 2017 samples were published in our previous article and that of 2018 are presented in this study. Further evolutionary analysis was carried out using 800 sequences, which incorporate the study and global sequences from GenBank: DENV-1 (n = 240), DENV-3 (n = 374), and DENV-4 (n = 186), identified during 1944–2020, 1956–2020, and 1956–2021, respectively. Genotypes V, III, and I were identified as the predominant genotypes of the DENV-1, DENV-3, and DENV-4 serotypes, respectively. The rate of nucleotide substitution was found highest in DENV-3 (7.90 × 10−4 s/s/y), followed by DENV-4 (6.23 × 10−4 s/s/y) and DENV-1 (5.99 × 10−4 s/s/y). The Bayesian skyline plots of the Indian strains revealed dissimilar patterns amongst the population size of the three serotypes. Network analyses showed the presence of different clusters within the prevalent genotypes. The data presented in this study will assist in supplementing the measures for vaccine development against DENV.
A preliminary revised life history of Punta Laguna, Yucatan, Mexico: A persistent place
Authors: Kurnick Sarah , Rogoff David , Ancona Aragón Iliana
Published: June 2023

This article presents a preliminary, revised life history of Punta Laguna, Yucatan, Mexico, and considers in detail the site's relationship to nearby communities. More specifically, this article presents the results of a type-variety analysis of the cumulative palimpsest of ceramics excavated at the site between 2017 and 2022. Unlike initial studies conducted in the 1980s, the current study suggests that Maya peoples occupied Punta Laguna continuously or recurringly from 600/300b.c.througha.d.1500/1550. Punta Laguna is therefore usefully understood as a persistent place. By offering a composite life history of Punta Laguna, this article aims to augment current understandings of the complex social, political, and economic landscape of the northeastern Yucatan Peninsula. It also considers the utility of archaeological studies of persistent places to scholarship on urban sustainability and suggests that research investigating the connections between early occupation and site longevity may prove a fruitful avenue of study. Finally, this article argues that investigations of persistent places may provide a counterweight to the more common focus on collapse and thereby offer a more comprehensive understanding of the Maya past—one that emphasizes the vitality of the Maya present.
Spanning -cycles in random graphs
Authors: Espuny Díaz Alberto , Person Yury
Published: June 2023

We extend a recent argument of Kahn, Narayanan and Park ((2021) Proceedings of the AMS 149 3201–3208) about the threshold for the appearance of the square of a Hamilton cycle to other spanning structures. In particular, for any spanning graph, we give a sufficient condition under which we may determine its threshold. As an application, we find the threshold for a set of cyclically ordered copies of
$C_4$
that span the entire vertex set, so that any two consecutive copies overlap in exactly one edge and all overlapping edges are disjoint. This answers a question of Frieze. We also determine the threshold for edge-overlapping spanning
$K_r$
-cycles.
Interannual Variability of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter Composition in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean From 2007 to 2017
Authors: DeFrancesco C. , Guéguen C. , Williams W. J. , Zimmermann S.
Published: June 2023

The interannual variability in fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) was assessed in the Pacific‐ and Atlantic‐derived halocline, and Atlantic waters (AWs) of the Canada Basin during late summer/early fall expeditions in 2007–2017. Fluorescence spectroscopy excitation‐emission matrices coupled with parallel factor analysis were used to validate a seven‐component model. During the 11 years, humic‐like intensities increased by 0.0002–0.0006 r.u. (Raman unit) (p < 0.05) with greater annual rates of change in shallower waters (i.e., Pacific summer water) than in deeper waters (i.e., AWs). No significant temporal trends were observed for protein‐like intensities in any water layer (p > 0.05) due to the labile nature of these components. The increases in humic‐like fluorescence intensities were likely the results of changes in Bering Strait inflow and its modification over the Chukchi Shelf and/or the accumulation of freshwater under anticyclonic wind forcing in the Beaufort gyre. This 11‐year late summer/early fall survey shows the first evidence of changes in FDOM composition in the halocline of the Arctic Ocean basin.
Observations of 4.26 μm CO2 Auroral Emissions From AIRS Nadir Sounder Measurements
Authors: Bossert Katrina , Hoffmann Lars , Mlynczak Martin , Hunt Linda
Published: June 2023

The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument onboard the NASA Aqua satellite is used to observe aurora associated with the CO2 4.26 μm emission. These observations are due to non‐local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) resulting from the vibrational excitation of CO2, which arises in the process of auroral energetic particle precipitation, as opposed to the dayside NLTE occurring due to solar radiation. The observations are confirmed to be associated with aurora using the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) limb measurements and the SuperMAG Electrojet (SME) index. The high spectral resolution and low noise associated with the AIRS instrument allows for the emission spectrum to be calculated and confirmed to arise from CO2. Our new NLTE index values derived from AIRS provide the ability to globally measure auroral events associated with CO2 with a spatial resolution on the order of ∼13.5 km.
Whole Heliosphere and Planetary Interactions (WHPI): The Big Picture on Solar Cycle Minima
Authors: Gibson Sarah E. , Allen Robert C. , de Toma Giuliana , Emery Barbara , Gasperini Federico , Hewins Ian , Hudson Mary , Qian Liying , Thompson Barbara
Published: June 2023

The Whole Heliosphere and Planetary Interactions (WHPI) is an international initiative to study the most recent solar minimum and its impact on the interconnected solar‐heliospheric‐planetary system by facilitating and encouraging interdisciplinary activities. Particular WHPI science foci include the global connected structure of the heliosphere and planetary space environments/atmospheres, the origins and impacts of high‐speed solar wind streams, coronal mass ejections from Sun‐to‐Heliopause, and comparative solar minima. This is achieved through a series of coordinated observing campaigns, including Parker Solar Probe perihelia, and scientific virtual interactions including a dedicated workshop where observers and modelers gathered to discuss, compare, and combine research results. This introduction sets the scene for the WHPI interval, placing it into the context of prior initiatives and describing the overall evolution of the system between 2018 and 2020. Along with the accompanying articles, it presents a selection of key scientific results on the interconnected solar‐heliospheric‐planetary system at solar minimum.
Volcanic Early Warning Using Shannon Entropy: Multiple Cases of Study
Authors: Rey‐Devesa Pablo , Benítez Carmen , Prudencio Janire , Gutiérrez Ligdamis , Cortés‐Moreno Guillermo , Titos Manuel , Koulakov Ivan , Zuccarello Luciano , Ibáñez Jesús M.
Published: June 2023

The search for pre‐eruptive observables that can be used for short‐term volcanic forecast remains a scientific challenge. Pre‐eruptive patterns in seismic data are usually identified by analyzing seismic catalogs (e.g., the number and types of recorded seismic events), the evolution of seismic energy, or changes in the tensional state of the volcanic medium as a consequence of changes in the volume of the volcano. However, although successful volcanic predictions have been achieved, there is still no generally valid model suitable for a large range of eruptive scenarios. In this study, we evaluate the potential use of Shannon entropy as short‐term volcanic eruption forecasting extracted from seismic signals at five well studied volcanoes (Etna, Mount St. Helens, Kilauea, Augustine, and Bezymianny). We identified temporal patterns that can be monitored as short‐term eruptive precursors. We quantified the decay of Shannon entropy prior to eruptions, noting that changes appear between 4 days and 12 hr before. When Shannon entropy is combined with the temporal evolution of other features (i.e., energy, kurtosis, and the frequency index), we can elaborate physical models according to the occurring volcanic processes. Our results show that pre‐eruptive variation in Shannon entropy is a confident short‐term volcanic eruption monitoring tool.
Mid-infrared single-photon 3D imaging
Authors: Fang Jianan , Huang Kun , Wu E , Yan Ming , Zeng Heping
Published: June 2023

Active mid-infrared (MIR) imagers capable of retrieving three-dimensional (3D) structure and reflectivity information are highly attractive in a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications. However, infrared 3D imaging at low-light levels is still challenging due to the deficiency of sensitive and fast MIR sensors. Here we propose and implement a MIR time-of-flight imaging system that operates at single-photon sensitivity and femtosecond timing resolution. Specifically, back-scattered infrared photons from a scene are optically gated by delay-controlled ultrashort pump pulses through nonlinear frequency upconversion. The upconverted images with time stamps are then recorded by a silicon camera to facilitate the 3D reconstruction with high lateral and depth resolutions. Moreover, an effective numerical denoiser based on spatiotemporal correlation allows us to reveal the object profile and reflectivity under photon-starving conditions with a detected flux below 0.05 photons/pixel/second. The presented MIR 3D imager features high detection sensitivity, precise timing resolution, and wide-field operation, which may open new possibilities in life and material sciences.
Heat treatment effects on the corrosion performance of wire arc additively manufactured ER316LSi stainless steel
Authors: Penot Corentin , Wharton Julian , Addison Adrian , Wang Yikun , Lu Qing
Published: June 2023

Corrosion performance of a multi-layered ER316LSi wall deposited using wire and arc additive manufacturing was studied in the as-deposited condition and after stress relief heat treatment at 900 °C, in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. It was found that the heat treatment is not suitable for WAAM ER316LSi components due to the complete transformation of the delta ferrite into sigma decreasing the corrosion performance. The delta ferrite to sigma transformation during heat treatment was facilitated by the cyclic reheating of the part during deposition. The electrochemical response of as-deposited WAAM differed from a wrought alloy with similar composition and linked to microstructural differences: as-deposited WAAM had a higher pitting potential due to the absence of sulfide inclusions and increased metastable-like activity due to the presence of the secondary delta ferrite causing elemental segregation.
A memristor fingerprinting and characterisation methodology for hardware security
Authors: Aitchison Callum , Halak Basel , Serb Alex , Prodromakis Themis
Published: June 2023

The modern IC supply chain encompasses a large number of steps and manufacturers. In many applications it is critically important that chips are of the right quality and are assured to have been obtained from the legitimate supply chain. To this end, it is necessary to be able to uniquely identify systems to aid in supply chain tracking and quality assurance. Many identifiers, however, can be cloned onto counterfeit devices and are therefore untrustworthy. This paper proposes a methodology for using post-CMOS memristor devices as a fingerprint to uniquely identify ICs. To achieve this, memristors’ unique and variable I–V characteristics are exploited to produce a fingerprint that can be generally applicable to a wide variety of different memristor technologies and identifiable over time, even where cell retention is non-ideal. In doing so it aims to minimise the hardware required on-chip both to minimise cost and maximise the auditability of the system. The methodology is applied to a $$\text {TiO}_x$$

TiO
x

memristor technology, and shown to be able to identify cells in a set.
Social-pair judgment bias testing in slow-growing broiler chickens raised in low- or high-complexity environments
Authors: Lourenço-Silva M. I. , Ulans A. , Campbell A. M. , Almeida Paz I. C. L. , Jacobs L.
Published: June 2023

Impacts of environmental complexity on affective states in slow-growing broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) are unknown. Chickens’ performance in judgment bias tests (JBT) can be limited as they are tested individually, causing fear and anxiety. The objectives were to apply a social-pair JBT to assess the effect of environmental complexity on slow-growing broiler chickens` affective states, and assess the impact of fearfulness, anxiety, and chronic stress on JBT performance. Six-hundred Hubbard Redbro broilers were housed in six low-complexity (similar to commercial) or six high-complexity (permanent and temporary enrichments) pens. Twelve chicken pairs were trained (1 pair/pen, n = 24 chickens) using a multimodal approach (visual and spatial cues), with reward and neutral cues of opposing color and location. Three ambiguous cues were tested: near-positive, middle, and near-neutral cues. Approach and pecking behavior were recorded. Eighty-three percent of chickens (20/24) were successfully trained in 13 days. Fearfulness, anxiety, and chronic stress did not impact chickens’ performance. Chickens successfully discriminated between cues. Low-complexity chickens approached the middle cue faster than high-complexity chickens, indicating that they were in a more positive affective state. The environmental complexity provided in this study did not improve affective states in slow-growing broiler chickens compared to a control. A social-pair JBT resulted in excellent learning and testing outcomes in slow-growing broilers.
Soliton solution, breather solution and rational wave solution for a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with Darboux transformation
Authors: Fan Chengcheng , Li Li , Yu Fajun
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the exact solutions of generalized nonlinear Schrödinger (GNLS) equation are obtained by using Darboux transformation(DT). We derive some expressions of the 1-solitons, 2-solitons and n-soliton solutions of the GNLS equation via constructing special Lax pairs. And we choose different seed solutions and solve the GNLS equation to obtain the soliton solutions, breather solutions and rational wave solutions. Based on these obtained solutions, we consider the elastic interactions and dynamics between two solitons.
Ab initio calculation for electronic structure and optical property of tungsten carbide in a TiCN-based cermet for solar thermal applications
Authors: Hayakawa Shota , Chono Toshiharu , Watanabe Kosuke , Kawano Shoya , Nakamura Kazuma , Miyazaki Koji
Published: June 2023

We present an ab initio calculation to understand electronic structures and optical properties of a tungsten carbide WC being a major component of a TiCN-based cermet. The TiCN-based cermet is widely used as a cutting tool, and is discarded as usual after use. On the other hand, cermet itself is also a famous ingredient of a solar absorption film. We found that the WC has a fairly low-energy plasma excitation $$\sim$$
∼
0.6 eV (2 $$\upmu$$
μ
m) and therefore can be a good constituent of a solar selective absorber. The evaluated figure of merit for photothermal conversion is prominently high compared to those of the other materials included in the TiCN-based cermet. The imaginary part of the dielectric function is considerably small around the zero point of the real part of the dielectric function, corresponding to the plasma excitation energy. Therefore, a clear plasma edge appeared, ensuring the high performance of the WC as the solar absorber. This is a fascinating aspect, because the wasted TiCN-based cermet cutting tool can be recycled as the solar absorption film after proper treatments and modifications.