bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas penggunaan media pembelajaran FF Box dalam pembelajaran IPS kelas VII SMPN 1 Gondanglegi
Authors: Azizah Vina Mutammimatul , Towaf Siti Malikhah , Purnomo Agus , Pramesthi Ratih , Reinanda Avietha
Published: July 2022

IPS learning activities at SMPN 1 Gondanglegi are still dominated by the use of conventional media such as IPS package books, and simple learning media. Education today demands teachers to be innovative in building an atmosphere of active and motivating learning, for example by utilizing learning media. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the use of FF Box learning media on the distribution of fauna flora in Indonesia. Flora Fauna Box is a medium in the form of models in which there are various models that can help in learning IPS material about the distribution of flora and fauna in Indonesia. The material of the distribution of fauna flora is included in the material whose discussion objects are difficult to find in the surrounding environment, so the need for a tool to bridge objects that are difficult to find in the student's surroundings. The research design used a pre-experimental one group of prates-postes namely grade VII A. This study showed that learning using FF Box media was more effective than conventional learning with a 20.97percent increase in results.

Kegiatan pembelajaran IPS di SMPN 1 Gondanglegi masih didominasi dengan penggunaan media konvensional seperti buku paket IPS, dan media pembelajaran yang sederhana. Pendidikan saat ini menuntut guru untuk inovatif dalam membangun suasana pembelajaran aktif dan memotivasi, misalnya dengan pemanfaatan media pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan guna menganalisis keefektifan dari pemakaian media pembelajaran FF Box pada materi persebaran flora fauna di Indonesia. Flora Fauna Box merupakan sebuah media dalam model yang di dalamnya ada sejumlah model yang bisa memberikan bantuan pada saat mempelajari materi Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial tentang penyebaran tumbuhan serta hewan di Indonesia. Materi persebaran flora fauna termasuk dalam materi yang objek pembahasannya sulit ditemui dilingkungan sekitar, sehingga dibutuhkannya sebuah alat bantu untuk menjembatani objek yang sulit dijumpai di lingkungan sekitar siswa. Desain penelitian menggunakan pra-eksperimental satu kelompok prates-postes yakni kelas VII A. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa pembelajaran menggunakan media FF Box lebih efektif dibanding pembelajaran konvensional dengan peningkatan hasil sebesar 20,97 persen.
Identifikasi lapisan akuifer Kawasan Dataran Suko Mulyo, Desa Suko Mulyo, Kecamatan Sepaku, Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara, Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Alzahra Salsa Rizkia , Taryana Didik , Masitoh Ferryati
Published: July 2022

The Suko Mulyo Plain area, Sepaku, North Penajam Paser is experiencing problems with uneven groundwater availability and limited groundwater supply for clean water sources. The purpose of the study was to determine the condition of rock layers based on resistivity values ​​and identify the presence of aquifers. The method used is a configuration geoelectric survey schlumberger 200 meters 5 location points which is then processed with IPI2Win. IPI2Win serves to visualize the modeling of the aquifer layer. Geoelectric modeling results show that the hydrostratigraphy of the Suko Mulyo Plain Area consists of claystone, limestone, sandstone, quartz sandstone and claystone with coal insertion with a resistivity range of 56.2 to 3.65 m. In addition, observation and secondary data processing resulted in geomorphological interpretations in the form of structural denudational terrace and structural ridges. These rock formations and geomorphological units affect the presence of aquifers identified in the structural valley plains of Dusun 3 and the structural hills of Dusun 1 with a thickness of 52.6 meters and 64.3 meters. The results of the study are expected to be used as a reference for determining groundwater drilling points and as a basis for consideration of government officials in determining groundwater resource management policies.

Kawasan Dataran Suko Mulyo, Sepaku, Penajam Paser Utara mengalami permasalahan ketersediaan air tanah yang tidak merata dan keterbatasan suplai air tanah untuk sumber air bersih. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi lapisan batuan berdasarkan nilai resistivitas dan mengidentifikasi keberadaan akuifer. Metode yang dilakukan adalah survei geolistrik konfigurasi schlumberger lintasan 200 meter pada 5 titik lokasi yang kemudian diolah dengan IPI2Win. IPI2Win berfungsi memvisualisasikan pemodelan lapisan akuifer. Hasil Pemodelan geolistrik menunjukkan bahwa hidrostratigrafi Kawasan Dataran Suko Mulyo terdiri dari batu lempung, batu gamping, batu pasir, batu pasir kuarsa dan batu lempung dengan sisipan batubara dengan rentang resistivitas 56,2 hingga 3,65 m. Selain itu, observasi dan pengolahan data sekunder menghasilkan interpretasi geomorfologi berupa Teras Denudasional Struktural dan Satuan Struktural. Formasi batuan dan satuan geomorfologi ini berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan akuifer yang teridentifikasi pada Dataran lembah struktural Dusun 3 dan Perbukitan struktural Dusun 1 dengan ketebalan 52,6 meter dan 64,3 meter. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat dijadikan acuan menentukan titik pengeboran air tanah dan sebagai dasar pertimbangan perangkat pemerintahan dalam penentuan kebijakan pengelolaan sumber air tanah.
Identifikasi kondisi fisik kawasan Coban Jodo bagian barat Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru
Authors: Madyaningtyas Meliana Sasi , Djoda Muhammad Ayub , Afiyah Nabilatul , Michellia Rachel , Putra Rasya Aji Firdaus , Nugraha Rendi Dwi , Soekamto Hadi , Putra Alfyananda Kurnia
Published: July 2022

Java Island is famous for its cluster of volcanoes that stretch from east to west. One of the volcanoes that has its own uniqueness is tengger volcano complex. Gunungapi Tengger complex is one form of volcanic origin located in East Java which administratively belongs to four districts. One part of the complex is Coban Jodo Area located in Ngadirejo Village, Malang Regency which is located at the foot of Gunung Api Tengger. This study aims to determine the physical condition of Geomorphology and geology in the Coban Jodo Region through direct observation and literature results. Based on the calculation of slope slope, Coban Jodo Area has slopes with a very steep category. Furthermore, the geological conditions in the Coban Jodo Area are dominated by igneous rocks, in the form of tuff stones.

Pulau Jawa terkenal dengan gugusan gunung api yang membentang dari timur hingga ke barat. Salah satu gunung api yang memiliki keunikan tersendiri adalah Kompleks Gunung Api Tengger. Kompleks Gunungapi Tengger merupakan salah satu bentuklahan asal vulkanik yang berada di Jawa Timur yang secara administrasi termasuk ke dalam empat wilayah kabupaten. Salah satu bagian dari kompleks wilayah tersebut adalah Kawasan Coban Jodo yang terletak di Desa Ngadirejo, Kabupaten Malang yang berada pada bagian Kaki Gunungapi Tengger. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi fisik berupa Geomorfologi serta geologi pada Kawasan Coban Jodo melalui pengamatan langsung dan hasil literatur. Berdasarkan perhitungan kemiringan lereng, Kawasan Coban Jodo memiliki lereng dengan kategori sangat terjal. Selanjutnya kondisi geologi pada Kawasan Coban Jodo didominasi oleh batuan beku, berupa batu tuff.
Merzifon Karası Üzüm Çeşidinin (Vitis vinifera L.) Fenolik Madde, Flavonoid ve Antioksidan Aktivitesi
Authors: KURT Gülhan , ÖZTÜRK ÇALI İlkay , GÜL Melek
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışmada, Merzifon Karası üzüm çeşidinin (Vitis vinifera L.) fenolik madde, flavonoid ve antioksidan aktivitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu üzümün oda sıcaklığındaki meyvenin tamamı ile oda sıcaklığındaki kabuk kısmı ve 50 °C’ de kabuk kısmı ile 50 °C’ de meyvenin tamamından elde edilen ekstraklardaki antioksidan aktivite, toplam fenolik madde miktarı ve toplam flavonoid madde miktarı incelenmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite DPPH (2.2-difenil1- pikrilhidrazil) yöntemiyle ölçülmüştür. En yüksek antioksidan aktivite, oda sıcaklığındaki meyvenin tamamından tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek fenolik (102.46 mg 100 g) ve flavonoid (44.95 mg 100 g) madde miktarları oda sıcaklığındaki meyvenin tamamından elde edilmiş olup, bunu oda sıcaklığındaki kabuk kısmı izlemektedir.
Trayectorias divergentes de la desigualdad en las ciudades intermedias: el rol de las pensiones y las ayudas en la reducción de la desigualdad de ingresos
Authors: Otero-Bahamón Silvia , Álvarez-Altamiranda Liney , Sampayo Andrés Miguel , Alvis Jorge Luis
Published: July 2022

In the last 18 years, Colombia has seen a modest reduction in income inequality compared to other Latin American countries as measured by the Gini index. However, when the scale is reduced and cities are observed, remarkably diverse trajectories are evident: some cities have had a notable reduction, while others have stagnated. This article focuses on four Colombian cities with divergent trajectories in the evolution of inequality. Through an analysis of income distribution using data from the Continuous Household Survey (2002-2005) and the Extensive Integrated Household Survey – GEIH by its Spanish acronym (2008-2018), and following the decomposition methodology suggested by Azevedo et al. (2013), this article focuses on the role of income from pensions and transfers in the variation of the Gini. Administrative records are used to mark the proposed analyses more robust. The results highlight the differentiated role of transfers in reducing inequality and that of pensions in increasing it.
Application of a breakpoint model to population growth in Türkiye
Authors: Miladinov Goran
Published: July 2022

Using data from the Macrotrends database, this paper investigated the change and differences in population growth (POPG) as a result of the impact of its key determinants employing a breakpoint model. A regression analysis confirms the presence of persistent differences in the POPG in Türkiye over the period 1965 – 2021. Using the Bai-Perron sequential breakpoint method, four statistically significant breaks at 1976, 1984, 2004, and 2013 and consequently to that five regimes were ascertained. The results clearly show a worthy of attention difference in the mean of the crude death rate, total fertility rate, as well as net migration rate within all of these five regimes. Furthermore, the results reveal clear evidence that the POPG is characterized with statistically different trends compared to the period prior and after the years of breaks and different regimes. This indicates that circumstances affecting the mortality, migrations, and fertility in terms of the number of live births and deaths as well as migration trends in the country before and after these indicated years in Türkiye have been largely influenced by the different dynamics of the socioeconomic conditions and different contexts in Turkish society.
Celastrol inhibits laser-induced choroidal neovascularization by decreasing VEGF induced proliferation and migration
Authors:   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Li Zhen , Chen Fang ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Shang Fu ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Wu Ming-Xing ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To evaluate celastrol’s effect on choroidal neovascularization (CNV).
METHODS: In this study, neovascular formation in vitro (tube formation and aortic ring culture) and in vivo (laser induced neovascular in mice) was treated with celastrol to evaluate this natural compound’s impact on CNV. Western blot was applied to explore the possible mechanism for it. For in vitro assay, triplicate for each group was repeated at least three times. For in vivo assay, each group contains 5 mice.
RESULTS: Celastrol supressed tube formation and aortic ring sprout neovascularization. In vitro assay exhibited that celastrol inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human choroidal endothelial cells, and by blocking VEGF signaling. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of celastrol significantly reduced the area of laser-induced CNV in an in vivo mouse model. By day 14, the area of CNV had decreased by 49.15% and 80.26% in the 0.1 mg/kg celastrol-treated group (n=5) and in the 0.5 mg/kg celastrol treated group (n=5), respectively, compared to the vehicle-treated group (n=5).
CONCLUSION: Celastrol inhibits CNV by inhibiting VEGF-induced proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, indicating that celastrol is a potent, natural therapeutic compound for the prevention of CNV.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-165b protects the blood-retinal barrier from damage after acute high intraocular pressure in rats
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan Province, China, Shen Jing , Li Min ,   Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China, Liu Wei-Xian ,   Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan Province, China, Sun Hong-Liang ,   Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan Province, China, Zhang Quan-Peng ,   Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China; Anatomy Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China, Yi Xi-Nan ,   Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To elucidate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor-165b (VEGF-165b) in blood-retinal barrier (BRB) injury in the rat acute glaucoma model.
METHODS: In this study, the rat acute high intraocular pressure (HIOP) model was established before and after intravitreous injection of anti-VEGF-165b antibody. The expression of VEGF-165b and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in rat retina was detected by double immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting, and the breakdown of BRB was detected by Evans blue (EB) dye.
RESULTS: The intact retina of rats expressed VEGF-165b and ZO-1 protein, which were mainly located in the retinal ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer and were both co-expressed with vascular endothelial cell markers CD31. After acute HIOP, the expression of VEGF-165b was up-regulated; the expression of ZO-1 was down-regulated at 12h and then recovered at 3d; EB leakage increased, peaking at 12h. After intravitreous injection of anti-VEGF-165b antibody, the expression of VEGF-165b protein was no significantly changed; and the down-regulation of the expression of ZO-1 was more obvious; EB leakage became more serious, peaking at 3d. EB analysis also showed that EB leakage in the peripheral retina was greater than that in the central retina.
CONCLUSION: The endogenous VEGF-165b protein may protect the BRB from acute HIOP by regulating the expression of ZO-1. The differential destruction of BRB after acute HIOP may be related to the selective loss of retinal ganglion cells.
Expression profile analysis to identify potential gene changes induced by dexamethasone in the trabecular meshwork
Authors:   Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China, Wei Miao , Huang Ze-Yu ,   Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Zhang Guo-Wei ,   Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Guan Huai-Jin ,   Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Ji Min ,   Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To investigate potential gene changes in trabecular meshwork (TM) induced by dexamethasone (DEX) in steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG).
METHODS: The expression data of 24 cases from a public functional genomics data were sorted to identify the mechanisms of action of DEX on the TM. The relationships of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. In addition, the hub genes were screened by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Database (STRING) and Cytoscape tools. Finally, human TM cells (HTMCs) were treated with DEX to preliminarily explore the function of hub genes.
RESULTS: Totally 47 DEGs, including 21 downregulated and 26 upregulated genes were identified. The primary enriched results of the DEGs consisted of inflammatory response, extracellular matrix (ECM), negative regulation of cell proliferation, TNF signalling pathway and the regulation of tryptophan channels by inflammatory mediators. Subsequently, pro-melanin-enriched hormone (PMCH) and Bradykinin B1 receptor (BDKRB1) were screened as hub genes. It is verified in GSE37474 data set. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that protein and RNA expression levels of BDKRB1 were significantly decreased after DEX treatment, while PMCH was not significantly changed.
CONCLUSION: BDKRB1 may be a key gene involved in SIG onset, providing a suitable therapeutic target for improving the prognosis of SIG patients.
Monitoring of central corneal thickness after phacoemulsification—comparison of statical and rotating Scheimpflug pachymetry, and spectral-domain OCT
Authors:   Augenaerzte im Altstadt-Carree, Fulda 36037, Germany, Handzel Daniel M. , Wegener Alfred ,   University Eye Hospital, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Univerität, Bonn 53124, Germany
Published: July 2022

AIM: To explore the possibility of deploying three contactless devices (static and rotating Scheimpflug technology, spectral domain optical coherence tomography) for measuring central corneal thickness (CCT) in preoperative and postoperative examinations of cataract patients.
METHODS: Totally 72 patients who had undergone surgery without complications were selected. The CCT was measured prior to the operation, as well as on the first, 5th-7th and 28th day following the operation using the Nidek NT 530-P, Sirius®, and Topcon OCT-2000 devices.
RESULTS: A significant postoperative increase and subsequent decrease in CCT was identified with all three devices. The correlations were highly significant and thus reflect a very good degree of comparability at all times with the exception of the rotating Scheimpflug camera. The postoperative results from the latter differed significantly from the other devices. The correlations were Sirius/Topcon (P=0.010) and Sirius/Nidek (P<0.0005). No statistically significant difference could be identified in the comparison between Topcon and Nidek (P=0.056).
CONCLUSION: All three devices are suitable for postoperative monitoring of CCT. The measurement results are only comparable to a limited extent and not interchangeable in the course of treating a single patient. This is due to the different imaging technology used in the devices and the resulting modalities for conducting the measurements.
Comparison of outcomes of idiopathic macular holes treated by vitrectomy with air or silicone oil tamponade based on the hole size
Authors:   Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100413, China, Yin Lan , Jin Xin ,   Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100413, China, Jia Liang ,   Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100413, China, Wang Feng-Xiang ,   Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100413, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To compare the efficacy of vitrectomy combined with air or silicone oil in the treatment of idiopathic macular hole (IMH).
METHODS: According to the results of high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT), 75 cases (75 eyes) of IMH in stage II-IV (Gass stage) in the General Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 2017 to December 2019 were collected for this retrospective study. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and minimum diameter of IMH (MMHD) were measured. Eyes underwent vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane peeling operation, and were divided into disinfection air group (30 eyes) and silicone oil group (45 eyes) according to the intraocular tamponade. For MMHD≤400 μm (MMHD1), there were 23 eyes in air group and 16 eyes in silicone oil group. For MMHD2>400 μm (MMHD2), there were 7 eyes in air group and 29 eyes in silicone oil group. One month after surgery, the closure rates of IMH and BCVA were compared and analyzed. According to HD-OCT, the closure shape was graded with A (bridge closure) and B (good closure).
RESULTS: The closure rates of air group and silicone oil group were 86.67% and 95.56% respectively with no significant difference (P>0.05); For MMHD1, those of air group and silicone oil group were 95.65% and 100% respectively with no significant difference (P>0.05); For MMHD2, those of air group and silicone oil group were 57.14% and 93.10% respectively, and those of the silicone oil group were higher than the air group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the closure shape grade between MMHD1 air group and silicone oil group (P>0.05). The proportion of Grade B in MMHD2 silicone oil group was higher than that in the air group (P<0.05). BCVA of each group after operation was better than that before operation, and there was no significant difference between air group and silicone oil group. While among them, MMHD1 air group was better than silicone oil group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between MMHD2 air group and silicone oil group (P>0.05).
CONCLUSION: For smaller IMH (≤400 μm), the efficacy of vitrectomy combined with air should be considered better than silicone oil; for larger IMH (>400 μm), the efficacy of silicone oil may be better than air.
Nomogram model for predicting oculomotor nerve palsy in patients with intracranial aneurysm
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China, Cui Yuan-Yue , Jiang Bo ,   Department of Ophthalmolohy, Anhui No.2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Hefei 230041, Anhui Province, China, Zhao Shi-Hong ,   Nanjing Aier Eye Hospital, Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410015, Hunan Pronvince, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To explore the risk factors of oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP) in patients with intracranial aneurysm (IA) and develop a nomogram model for predicting ONP of IA patients.
METHODS: A total of 329 IA patients were included. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify independent factors, which were then integrated into the nomogram model. The performance of the nomogram model was evaluated by calibration curve, receiver operating curve (ROC), and decision curve analysis.
RESULTS: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm [hazard ratio (HR)=17.13, P<0.001] and aneurysm diameter (HR=1.31, P<0.001) were independent risk factors of ONP in IA patients. Based on the results of logistic regression analysis, a nomogram model for predicting the ONP in IA patients was constructed. The calibration curve indicated the nomogram had a good agreement between the predictions and observations. The nomogram showed a high predictive accuracy and discriminative ability with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.863. The decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram was powerful in the clinical decision. PCoA aneurysm (HR=3.38, P=0.015) was identified to be the only independent risk factor for ONP severity.
CONCLUSION: PCoA aneurysm and aneurysm diameter are independent risk factors of ONP in IA patients. The nomogram established is performed reliably and accurately for predicting ONP. PCoA aneurysm is the only independent risk factor for ONP severity.
Photopic pupil size change in myopic orthokeratology and its influence on axial length elongation
Authors:   Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China, Zhu Meng-Jun , Du Lin-Lin ,   Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China, Chen Jun ,   Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China, He Xian-Gui ,   Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China, Li Shan-Shan ,   Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China, Zou Hai-Dong ,   Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To explore the photopic pupil size behavior in myopic children undergoing overnight orthokeratology (ortho-k) over 1-year period and its effects on the axial elongation.
METHODS: A total of 202 Chinese myopic children were enrolled in this prospective clinical trial. Ninety-five subjects in ortho-k group and eighty-eight subjects in spectacle group completed the 1-year study. Axial length (AL) was measured before enrollment and every 6mo after the start of ortho-k. The photopic pupil diameter (PPD) was determined using the Pentacam AXL and measured in an examination room with lighting of 300-310 Lx. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify variables contribution to axial elongation.
RESULTS: Compared with spectacle group, the average 1-year axial elongation was significantly slower in the ortho-k group (0.25±0.27 vs 0.44±0.23 mm, P<0.0001). In ortho-k group, PPDs significantly decreased from 4.21±0.62 mm to 3.94±0.53 mm after 1mo of lens wear (P=0.001, Bonferroni correction) and the change lasts for 3-month visit. No significantly change during the other follow-up visits was found (P>0.05, Bonferroni correction). The 4.81 mm PPD may be a possible cutoff point in the ortho-k group. Subjects with PPD below or equal to 4.81 mm tended to have smaller axial elongation compared to subjects with PPD above 4.81 mm after 1-year period (t=-3.09, P=0.003). In ortho-k group, univariate analyses indicated that those with older age, greater degree of myopia, longer AL, smaller baseline PPD (PPDbaseline) experienced a smaller change in AL. In multivariate analyses, older age, greater AL and smaller PPDbaseline were associated with smaller increases in AL. In spectacle group, PPD tended to be stable (P>0.05, Bonferroni correction) and did not affect axial growth.
CONCLUSION: PPDs experience significantly decreases at 1-month and 3-month ortho-k treatment. Children with smaller PPD tend to experience slower axial elongation and may benefit more from ortho-k.
Simple method of measuring ocular rotation in supine position during small incision lenticule extraction
Authors:   Seoul Daabom Eye Center, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28396, Republic of Korea, Song Jiho , Jung Moon Sun ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea, Kim Jae-hyung ,   Seoul Daabom Eye Center, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28396, Republic of Korea
Published: July 2022

AIM: To introduce a novel measurement method of static cyclotorsion in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and to investigate the effect of preoperative parameters on cyclotorsion and the effect of cyclotorsion on postoperative outcomes.
METHODS: The medical records of 242 patients and 484 eyes who underwent SMILE surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative intraocular pressure, refractive error, and corneal thickness were investigated. Refractive values and visual acuity were measured at 1d, 1, 3, and 6mo. Ocular cyclotorsion in the supine position was measured by calculating the location and angle of the incision site of the cornea in the anterior slit photograph taken after surgery.
RESULTS: Of the total 484 eyes in 242 patients, preoperative mean spherical equivalent (SE) was -4.10±1.64 D, and the mean astigmatism was -0.82±0.74 D. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA) and SE improved significantly after the surgery. Moreover, 219 (45.2%) eyes had excyclotorsion, 235 (48.6%) eyes had incyclotorsion, and 30 (6.2%) eyes had no torsion. The right eyes tended to be excyclotorted, and the left eyes tended to be incyclotorted (P<0.01). The mean cyclotorsion was 1.18°±3.69°, and the mean absolute value of cyclotorsion was 3.14°±2.26°. The range of cyclotorsion was 0.5°–11.4°. It was found that the smaller the preoperative sphere, the higher the amount of cyclotorsion (r=0.11, P=0.016). There was no significant association between the amount of cyclotorsion and preoperative astigmatism. There was no correlation between sex, preoperative corneal thickness, preoperative intraocular pressure, amount of cyclotorsion, and direction of cyclotorsion. The ratio of right eye excyclotorsion and left eye incyclotorsion on 1d was higher than that at 1, 3, and 6mo (all P<0.01). There was no difference between the 1, 3, and 6mo results in the right and left eyes (P=0.15, P=0.16, respectively).
CONCLUSION: The newly devised ocular cyclotorsion measurement method can be used to evaluate ocular cyclotorsion after SMILE. Preoperative SE is associated with the amount of cyclotorsion, however, cyclotorsion doesn’t have a significant effect on the results of SMILE surgery.
Elementary school comprehensive intervention and myopia development: the Wenzhou Epidemiology of Refraction Error Study
Authors:   The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China, Jiang Dan-Dan , Thorn Frank ,   Deptartment of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, MIT Cambridge, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Mao Guang-Yun ,   School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China, Li Chun-Chun ,   The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China, Lin Zhong ,   The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China, Vasudevan Balamurali ,   College of Optometry, MidWestern University, Glendale, AZ 84729, USA, Huang Xiao-Qiong ,   The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China, Chen Yan-Yan ,   The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To investigate the effects of school-based comprehensive intervention on myopia development in elementary school children.
METHODS: As a part of the Wenzhou Epidemiology of Refraction Error Study, there were 1524 participating elementary students (730 girls, 47.9%) in grades 1 to 3 from three campuses of one school, aged 7.3±0.9y, who were examined twice every year for a 2.5y follow up period. Comprehensive intervention and other reminders were given at school every semester for the intervention group. The control group did not receive comprehensive intervention and did not have reminders of it.
RESULTS: There were 651 students in the intervention group [mean age 7.3±0.9y; 294 (45.2%) girls] and 737 students in the control group [mean age 7.2±0.9y; 346 (46.9%) girls]. Overall mean myopia progression during the 2.5y follow-up was -0.49±1.04 diopters (D) in the intervention group and -0.65±1.08 D in the control group (P=0.004). The majority that not get myopia at baseline spherical equivalent (SE≤-1.0 D). Their mean myopia progression during the 2.5y follow-up was -0.37±0.89 D in the intervention group and -0.51±0.93 D in the control group (27.5% reduction, P=0.009); Overall, mean axial length elongation was less in the intervention group (0.56±0.32 mm) than in the control group (0.61±0.38 mm, 10.5% reduction, P=0.009). The percentage of close reading distance (<30 cm) in the intervention group was less than in the control group (73.4% vs 76.2%, P<0.001), the percentage of everyday perform eye exercises in the intervention group was more than in the control group (27.8% vs 20.7%, P<0.001) 30mo later.
CONCLUSION: The comprehensive intervention program at elementary school has a significant alleviating effect on myopia progression for children during the 2.5y follow-up, especially for those non-myopia at baseline.
Solar Reactor Review
Authors: Abbas Sarah A. , Eidan Adel A. , Al Sahlani Assaad
Published: July 2022

This research paper presents a detailed review of the recent advances concerned with carrying out efficient solar chemical reactions by reviewing the most recent reactors available in the literature that use solid-gas reactions or pyrolysis processes. Major research groups in solar chemistry design and manufacture a wide range of solar reactor configurations, widths, and sizes, including directly radioactive particles. Solar reactors heat up to 1000℃ and can be utilized to store chemical thermal energy in concentrated solar power facilities (CSP). Reactor efficiency is better in bed reactors notably in rotating pyrolysis, fluidized bed reactors with solid gas, and fixed-bed reactor systems. Finally, their description, schematics, and key performance parameters are presented for chemical reactions.
Effect of Thermal Aging on Dynamic Mechanical Performance of a Novel Structural Adhesive
Authors: Li Hui , Gong Guan , Lv Tian
Published: July 2022

This study mainly evaluates the thermal aging properties of a new room temperature cured structural adhesive. Multiple adhesive specimens were thermal aged at 80℃, 100℃, 120℃ and 140℃, respectively, and subjected to the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) at different temperatures and frequencies. According to the results of DMA and thermodynamic analysis, the performance of the adhesive changes little after aging at 80℃, 100℃ and 120℃ for 30 days. However, the adhesive performance became unstable at 140℃, and deteriorated rapidly with the extension of aging time. Hence, this structural adhesive is suitable for the environment below 120℃. In addition, the generalized curve of the structural adhesive aging for 20 days at 100℃ was obtained, following the principles of time-temperature equivalence superposition and time-aging time equivalence superposition. The test time was shortened significantly. This research provides an accelerated characterization strategy for the long-term mechanical properties of other polymers, making it possible to obtain the generalized curve of polymers aging for a specific time at a specific temperature.
Effectiveness of the Techniques Applied to Teach Vocabulary in Mbujimayi
Authors: Tshimanga F.B.
Published: July 2022

To solve this problem, I advise teachers to reconsider their choices of the vocabulary teaching techniques and their combination with others paying attention to those likely to achieve lexical competence. I find the use of the dictionary the best technique for teaching vocabulary as the dictionary contains all the elements of vocabulary listed in this paper. Decision makers and teachers should maximise teacher training in dictionary use (in class or out of it) for the good of the learners’ lexical instruction.
Metaphors for Personalization：Modern Analysis of Egyptian and Chinese Human-Bird-Combination Eagle Totem Art as
Authors: Yan Zhilong , Zhang Aixin
Published: July 2022

Egypt and China were essential in the evolution of human totemic culture. This paper focuses on their imaginative usage of anthropomorphic metaphors. According to research on totemism, the Chinese have three totemic concepts: totem-kin, totem-ancestor, and totem-God. If the concept of "anthropomorphic metaphor" is based on a variant of philosophical or theological terminology to focus on the "bird-totemic system of artistic meaning," it can be determined that the creative function of the institutional totems is explicit and the creative function of the individual totems is implicit, and that this manifestation of the institutional totems leads to their superficiality, with the result that a series of negative effects must inevitably ensue. To dispel the misunderstanding of the artistic connotation of the human-bird-eagle totems, it is necessary to promote our subjective consciousness through the self-conscious and speculative ideas in the individual totems in order to further liberate the life energy of humans in the contemporary spiritual construction. On the basis of Roland Barth's theory of symbol transmission, we attempt to investigate the notion that the individual consciousness represented by ancient totemic culture is power, which can assist in forming an understanding of the functioning in ancient culture.
Educators Synchronously using Multiple Platforms and Devices for Teaching and Learning during COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Tunjera Nyaral , Chigona Agnes
Published: July 2022

The 21st century coupled with the COVID-19 worldwide pandemic is indeed imposing new demands on teaching and learning. Higher education institutions affected extensively educational institutions are mandated with the responsibility of inclusiveness and preparing students for realities of the current and unknown future. There has been heightened attention to educational technologies to mitigate the COVID-19 instigated disruptions. To ensure inclusiveness during future pandemics, there is a need to pay attention to the forms of digital technologies that students have access to (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, as well as applications they are using) in their areas. The article reports the use of multiple applications platforms to circumvent digital divide and help accommodate students who were not able to access the conventional institutional learning management systems. Using a qualitative exploratory research method, the study used the Universal Design for Learning framework to guide the synchronous use of multiple applications. A total of 165 pre-service teachers participated and completed the Google form surveys and 20 volunteered to participate in a focus group discussion. Conversation analysis was used to study the participants' interaction. The results indicated that using multiple online platforms reduced the online learning barriers caused by connectivity challenges and lack of technology tools and resources. Pre-service teachers revealed that the use of multiple platform intervention enabled them to make choices on what works better and was cost effective for them. They further indicated that this further reduced their anxiety caused by feeling isolated and left behind. The researchers recommend educators to explore digital tools that students have and are comfortable to work with, bearing in mind the diverse background of students.
Enhancement of Germination of Oryza sativa L. (Rice) Seeds using Solar Concentrators
Authors: Sandaruwani K.H.C. , Basnayake B.F.A. , Mowjood M.I.M. , Ariyawansha R.T.K.
Published: July 2022

Background: The initial stage of plants and sunlight as the energy source are very critical for plants. A boost of biochemical reactions given by concentrating solar energy at the initial stage of plants may continue accelerated growth and yield. Rice is a high-demand crop. Therefore, in this research study, the germination of rice seeds was studied under different radiation levels using a spherical solar concentrator (SSC). Methods: The germination percentage of rice seeds was observed under different radiation levels. Experimental setup 1 consisted of 60 cm below the SSC (SSC 60 cm) and open environment (OE) whereas Experimental setup 2 consisted of 45 cm below the SSC (SSC 45 cm) and OE. Result: SSC (60 cm) and SSC (45 cm) manifested 1.2 and 1.5 times higher solar energy than the OE, respectively. In experimental setup 1, it was observed germination percentages of 65.2 and 58.8 in SSC (60 cm) and OE, respectively whereas, in the experimental setup 2, 86.9 and 77.5 in SSC (45 cm) and OE, respectively. It can be assumed that plants grown under SSC during the nursery stage, reach the fullest potential at maturity as a result of increased flux density and lower soil temperature under the SSC.
Early Diagnosis of 60, XX/XY Chimerism in Cattle using RT-PCR
Authors: Harshini Vemula , Kumarasamy P. , Karthickeyan S.M.K.
Published: July 2022

Background: Freemartinism is a special kind of cell chimerism occuring in female calf born co-twin with male calf. It is one of the most common forms of intersexuality found in cattle, arises as a consequence of vascular anastamosis between fetuses of different genders. Freemartinism causes alterations in the development of female reproductive organs and sterility. However, there were reports of fertile heterosexual twins also. Hence, the present study aimed at early diagnosis of 60, XX/XY chimerism in heterosexual pregnancies to prevent the unnecessary economic losses and preserve valuable genetic material. Methods: Chromosomal profile of female and male calves were analyzed through short term lymphocyte culture technique. The gene expression levels of ZFX and SRY genes were determined through SYBR green real-time PCR. Result: Both female and male co-twins were found to possess 60, XX/60, XY chimerism, yielding the PCR products of both the male (SRY) and female (ZFX) specific genes. A real-time PCR revealed higher levels of ZFX gene expression in female (81.66 per cent) and male (88.35 per cent) calves than SRY gene. Combination of karyotyping and real-time PCR gave a confirmative diagnosis of freemartinism, suggesting the early diagnosis soon after birth.
​​Comparative Micro and Macro Anatomical Observation on Preen Gland of Kamrupa (Gallus domesticus), White Leg Horn (Gallus domesticus) and Daothigir Fowl (Gallus domesticus) of Assam
Authors: Deka A. , Sarma M. , Bora D.P. , Devchoudhury K.B. , Sarma Munmun , Kalita P.K. , Deori B.J.
Published: July 2022

Background: The study on the preen gland of Kamrupa, White leg horn and Daothigir fowl of Assam is of great value in regard to protection of skin and feather of avian species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the micro and macro anatomical observation of preen gland of integument system. Methods: The present study was conducted on the preen gland of fifteen healthy, adult birds of Kamrupa, White leg horn and Daothigir fowl of Assam in Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India for period of one year from 2020-2021. Those fowl were procured from different parts of Assam. The birds were sacrificed according to the method of Gracy (1968). After sacrifice, preen gland were removed very carefully from the base of the tail of fowl. After collection, the tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, and were processed as per the standard technique of procedure (Luna, 1968). The paraffin blocks were sectioned in Shandon Finesse microtome at 5 µm thickness and the sections were stained with Mayer’s Haematoxylin and Eosin staining technique for Cellular details as per the standard method of Luna (1968). Result: In present investigation, it was observed that, macroscopically, the preen gland or oil gland or rump gland or uropygial gland of Kamrupa, White leg horn and Daothigir fowl of Assam was situated on the dorsal aspect of the base of the tail. Microscopically, the preen gland of Kamrupa, White leg horn and Daothigir fowl of Assam was bounded by connective tissue capsule. The interlobular connective tissues were observed among the secretary tubules of the gland. The preen gland parenchyma composed of secretary tubules; duct that formed trabeculae, which were differentiated by inter tubular connective tissue.
Apigenin Ameliorates Lead Acetate Induced Hyperlipidemia and Hypogonadism in Male Rats
Authors: Algefare Abdulmohsen I. , Alfwuaires Manal , Mahmoud Omar , Sedky Azza
Published: July 2022

Background: Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant and has detrimental effects on human health. Apigenin (APG) is a flavonoid that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiallergic and cardioprotective so is used as treatment of many diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the probable protective effect of APG against Pb-induced toxicity in rats. Methods: Adult male rats were given either Pb (as lead acetate; 20 mg/kg) alone or in combination with APG (20 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks by intraperitoneally injection (i.p). At the end of the experimental period, Pb accumulation, lipid profile and testicular function alterations were assessed. In addition, histopathological changes in the testis were assessed. Result: Results revealed that Pb treatment significantly increased Pb concentrations in blood and testis of rats. Further, the blood levels of hormones related to testis were altered in Pb-treated rats. In parallel, low sperm count and sperm motility, increased sperm abnormalities and marked pathological changes in testis were observed. On the contrary, the treatment with both Pb and APG recorded amelioration of the deleterious effects of Pb, involving attenuation of changes in lipid profile and testicular hormonal levels, sperm parameters and pathological changes in Pb treated rat’s testis. In conclusion, it appears that dietary APG can ameliorate lead acetate induced hyperlipidemia and hypogonadism in male rats.
Effect of Fourteen Years of Long Term Organic and Inorganic Fertilization on Productivity, Soil Quality and Grain Quality of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kumar Y.S. Satish , Reddy P.V. Ramamuni , Babu D. Venkatesh , Nayak S. Balaji , Vishnuvardhan K. Mohan , Rao E.S.V. Narayana , Raghavendra T.
Published: July 2022

Background: Considering the importance of organic farming and growing demand for organically produced foods, field studies were conducted for 14 kharif years (2007 to 2020) on a black clayey vertisol soil at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, India to study the influence of organic and conventional farming systems on productivity, grain quality, soil health and economic returns of super fine rice variety BPT-5204. Methods: The experiment was laid out in non replicated two block design with each block of an area of 2000 m2 each. The organic plot was green manured with Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) and FYM @ 10 t ha-1, Castor cake and Neem cake were applied @ 500 kg ha-1 as basal dose of manure and topdressing of vermicompost was added as a nutrient sources. In in-organic plot, 100% RDF (240:80:80 kg NPK ha-1) was applied. Result: The pooled mean grain yield of paddy grown in vertisols under K.C. Canal ayacut under organic farming treatment was 4.04 t/ha while it was 5.6 t ha-1 under control (Inorganic/Conventional farming) and the straw yield also was 5.07 t ha-1 under organic farming and 7.96 t ha-1 under control. The average yield increase in in organic plot was 27% and for straw it was 35%. The organic carbon status was highest in organic plot (0.60%) when compared to the inorganic plot (0.36%).