bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION OF ALLELES OF THE I-2 GENE FOR EVALUATION OF THE INITIAL MATERIAL OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum) FOR RESISTANCE TO FUSARIA
Authors: Василик М.П. , Милюкова Н.А. , Пырсиков А.С.
Published: September 2024

Качество и урожайность продукции растениеводства значительно снижаются при поражении возделываемой культуры фитопатогенами. Одним из наиболее известных возбудителей болезней томата, столь полюбившегося человеку, является фузариум остроспоровый (лат. Fusarium oxysporum). Этот почвообитающий аскомицет вызывает фузариозное увядание, которое, по сути, ни что иное, как трахеомикоз. На данный момент выделяется три расы фузариоза. Фузариум обладает тремя различными типами инфекционных бесполых структур (макроконидии, микроконидии, хламидоспоры) и способен сохраняться в почве до 15 лет. Заражение происходит через корневую систему, симптомы проявляются акропетально: хлороз листа, переходящий в некроз, падение тургора.

The quality and yield of crop products are significantly reduced when the cultivated crop is damaged by phytopathogens. One of the most famous causative agents of tomato diseases, so beloved by man, is the sharp-spored Fusarium (lat. Fusarium oxysporum). This soil-dwelling ascomycete causes Fusarium wilt, which, in fact, is nothing more than tracheomycosis. At the moment, there are three races of Fusarium. Fusarium has three different types of infectious asexual structures (macroconidia, microconidia, chlamydospores) and is able to persist in the soil for up to 15 years. Infection occurs through the root system, symptoms appear acropetally: leaf chlorosis, turning into necrosis, turgor drop.
CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THINOPYRUM SARTORII
Authors: Кузнецова В.М. , Дивашук М.Г. , Крупин П.Ю. , Никитина Е.А.
Published: September 2024

В результате одомашнивания и длительной селекции мягкой пшеницы её генофонд значительно обеднел в связи со снижением генетического разнообразия по многим признакам, главным образом, устойчивости к неблагоприятным факторам среды. Хорошим источником генов устойчивости для интрогрессии в геном пшеницы является дикорастущие сородичи пшеницы, в частности, различные виды пырея: Thinopyrum bessarabicum, Th. intermedium, Th. sartorii и другие виды [1]. Thinopyrum sartorii - дикорастущий тетраплоидный злак. Произрастает в прибрежной зоне, небольшими популяциями на островах Эгейского моря, также встречается в Италии [2].

As a result of domestication and long-term breeding of common wheat, its gene pool has become significantly impoverished due to a decrease in genetic diversity in many ways, mainly resistance to adverse environmental factors. A good source of resistance genes for introgression into the wheat genome is wild relatives of wheat, in particular, various wheatgrass species: Thinopyrum bessarabicum, Th. intermedium, Th. sartorii and other species [1]. Thinopyrum sartorii is a wild tetraploid grass. It grows in the coastal zone, in small populations on the islands of the Aegean Sea, and is also found in Italy [2].
IN VITRO STUDY OF CHICORY (CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.) AS A SOURCE OF INULIN
Authors: Дегтярева И.С. , Панкова М.Г. , Полупанова А.А. , Хомутова А.А. , Киракосян Р.Н.
Published: September 2024

В настоящее время наиболее перспективной областью развития пищевой промышленности является производство продуктов питания функционального и диетического назначения. К таким продуктам можно отнести продукты, в состав которых входят, например, пищевые волокна, антиоксиданты, пребиотики и др. Одним из эффективных пребиотиков является инулин, который содержится в цикории и топинамбуре. Анализ рынка производства функциональных ингредиентов показывает, что в Российской Федерации производство таких веществ практически отсутствует и российские производители используют импортный инулин.

Currently, the most promising area for the development of the food industry is the production of functional and dietary food products. These products include products that include, for example, dietary fiber, antioxidants, prebiotics, etc. One of the effective prebiotics is inulin, which is found in chicory and Jerusalem artichoke. An analysis of the market for the production of functional ingredients shows that in the Russian Federation the production of such substances is practically absent and Russian manufacturers use imported inulin.
AUTOMATED SELECTION OF SPECIFIC PRIMERS FOR GENE CLONING IN COMMON WHEAT
Authors: Баженов М.С.
Published: September 2024

Клонирование и секвенирование отдельных генов пшеницы остается актуальным методом изучения её наследственного разнообразия, позволяющим находить новые ценные мутации, в том числе, получаемые современными методами генного редактирования. Подбор праймеров для аллополиплоидных видов, таких как пшеница мягкая (Triticum aestivum L.), осложняется сходством нуклеотидных последовательностей их субгеномов.

Cloning and sequencing of individual wheat genes remains a relevant method for studying its hereditary diversity, which makes it possible to find new valuable mutations, including those obtained by modern gene editing methods. Selection of primers for allopolyploid species, such as common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is complicated by the similarity of the nucleotide sequences of their subgenomes.
IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF NON-ANNOTATED GENES IN A DEVELOPING TRITICAL WEEP
Authors: Болотина А.А. , Полховская Е.С. , Дудников М.В. , Киров И.В.
Published: September 2024

Тритикале (×Triticosecale Wittm.) в основном является кормовой культурой, однако она обладает не только высокими потенциальными возможностями урожайности, но и повышенной устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим факторам окружающей среды [1]. Поэтому изучение принципов и закономерностей регуляции биологических процессов тритикале имеет высокий потенциал для производства и селекции растений. Тритикале имеет огромный геном (24 Gb), большая часть которого состоит из неизвестных генов, таких как, например, некодирующие РНК (нРНК). Известно, что у растений длинные некодирующие РНК (днРНК) регулируют важные процессы в развитии и реакции растений на стресс [2-3]. К настоящему моменту днРНК малоизучены изучены в отношении тритикале.

Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) is mainly a fodder crop, but it has not only high yield potential, but also increased resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors [1]. Therefore, the study of the principles and regularities of the regulation of biological processes of triticale has a high potential for the production and breeding of plants. Triticale has a huge genome (24 Gb), most of which consists of unknown genes, such as, for example, non-coding RNA (nRNA). In plants, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to regulate important processes in the development and response of plants to stress [2–3]. To date, lncRNAs have been little studied in relation to triticale.
WATER REGIME OF WHEAT WITH DIFFERENT GENOMIC COMPOSITION AND PLOIDITY LEVEL
Authors: Ермошин А.А. , Рукавишников Д.С. , Киселёва И.С.
Published: September 2024

Пшеница является основной сельскохозяйственной культурой в мире. Увеличивающееся население Земли нуждается в увеличении производства сельскохозяйственной продукции, поэтому актуальной задачей является создание новых сортов, отличающихся повышенной продуктивностью, скороспелостью и устойчивостью к неблагоприятным факторам внешней среды. Род Triticum включается в себя, по оценкам разных авторов, порядка 20 видов. Часть из них культивируется в настоящее время, часть культивировалась человечеством ранее, а часть только начинает внедряться в практику сельского хозяйства. Дикие сородичи пшеницы, виды и сорта, вышедшие из широкого употребления, могут являться донорами полезных признаков для современных селекционных форм. Особенностью пшениц является то, что они являются аллоплоидами, отличающимися уровнем плоидности и геномным составом.

Wheat is the main agricultural crop in the world. The growing population of the Earth needs to increase the production of agricultural products, so the urgent task is to create new varieties that are characterized by increased productivity, early maturity and resistance to adverse environmental factors. The genus Triticum includes, according to estimates by various authors, about 20 species. Some of them are currently cultivated, some were cultivated by mankind earlier, and some are just beginning to be introduced into agricultural practice. Wild relatives of wheat, species and varieties that have fallen out of wide use, can be donors of useful traits for modern breeding forms. A feature of wheats is that they are alloploids, differing in the level of ploidy and genomic composition.
SEARCH FOR RESISTANCE GENES IDENTIFIED IN WHEAT IN THE TRITICAL GENOME
Authors: Саенко К.Ю. , Дудников М.В.
Published: September 2024

За счет активного роста посевных площадей, тритикале все чаще подвергается воздействию биотических стрессов [1,2]. Поиск среди генотипов тритикале генов устойчивости и их последующее применение в селекционных программах является благоприятным способом защиты зерновых культур от возбудителя стеблевой ржавчины за счёт гибридного происхождения данной зерновой культуры [3]. Коллекция сортов и линий тритикале, среди которых присутствовало 37 яровых и 81 озимых генотипов, из лаборатории маркерной геномной селекции растений и коллекции НЦЗ им. П.П. Лукьяненко, была оценена на наличие продуктов амплификации характерных для широко используемых в селекционных процессах генов устойчивости. Контролем служила коллекция сортов дифференциаторов ФГБНУ ФНЦБЗР.

Due to the active growth of sown areas, triticale is increasingly exposed to biotic stresses [1,2]. The search for resistance genes among triticale genotypes and their subsequent use in breeding programs is a favorable way to protect crops from the stem rust pathogen due to the hybrid origin of this crop [3]. A collection of varieties and lines of triticale, among which there were 37 spring and 81 winter genotypes, from the Laboratory of Marker Genomic Plant Breeding and the collection of the N.N. P.P. Lukyanenko, was evaluated for the presence of amplification products characteristic of resistance genes widely used in breeding processes. The collection of varieties of differentiators of the FGBNU FNTsBZR served as the control.
STUDY OF CASPASE-LIKE ACTIVITY AS THE MAIN FEATURE OF PCD IN THE MALE GAMETOPHYTE OF PETUNIA (PETUNIA HYBRIDA L.) IN VIVO
Authors: Богатырева А.Л. , Захарова Е.В.
Published: September 2024

Самонесовместимость – генетически детерминированный репродуктивный барьер, препятствующий инбридингу и тем самым обеспечивающий поддержание видового разнообразия растений. В предыдущих исследованиях нашей группы было показано, что программируемая клеточная смерть является фактором самонесовместимости SРНКазного типа у Petunia hybrida L. Остановка роста самонесовместимых пыльцевых трубок происходит при повышении уровня активности каспазо-подобных протеаз в первые часы опыления и к моменту остановки роста пыльцевых трубок наблюдаются все признаки ПКС (нарушение целостности плазматической мембраны, деградация/фрагментация ДНК, разрушение внутренней структуры пыльцевой трубки: отсутствие вакуолей, нарушение тургора и отделение клеточной плазматической мембраны от клеточной стенки) (Zakharova et al., 2021).

Self-incompatibility is a genetically determined reproductive barrier that prevents inbreeding and thus ensures the maintenance of plant species diversity. In previous studies of our group, it was shown that programmed cell death is a factor of SRnase-type self-incompatibility in Petunia hybrida L. Growth arrest of self-incompatible pollen tubes occurs with an increase in the level of activity of caspase-like proteases in the first hours of pollination, and by the time the growth of pollen tubes stops, all signs are observed. PCD (violation of the integrity of the plasma membrane, degradation/fragmentation of DNA, destruction of the internal structure of the pollen tube: absence of vacuoles, disruption of turgor and separation of the cell plasma membrane from the cell wall) (Zakharova et al., 2021).
INFLUENCE OF JASMONIC ACID ON THE GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF TOMATO POLLEN TUBES UNDER COMPATIBLE AND SELF-INCOMPATIBLE POLLINATION, AS WELL AS IN THE IN VITRO SYSTEM
Authors: Газиева И.И. , Голиванов Я.Ю. , Захарова Е.В.
Published: September 2024

Взаимодействие пыльцы и пестика - основной процесс репродуктивной биологии цветковых растений, который является предметом интенсивных фундаментальных исследований, имеющих ярко выраженную практическую ценность. На сегодняшний день показано, что фитогормоны могут участвовать в регуляции созревания пыльцы, прорастания и роста пыльцевых трубок по проводниковым тканям пестика, включая процесс оплодотворения. Ранее в исследованиях нашей группы было установлено, что фитогормоны, такие как этилен, цитокинины, гиббереллины, абсцизовая кислота и ауксины участвуют в регуляции созревания пыльцы, ее прорастания и роста пыльцевых трубок по проводниковым тканям пестика, а также их роль в процессе гаметофитной самонесовместимости у петунии (Zakharova et al., 2022).

The interaction of pollen and pistil is the main process of the reproductive biology of flowering plants, which is the subject of intensive fundamental research, which has a pronounced practical value. To date, it has been shown that phytohormones can participate in the regulation of pollen maturation, germination and growth of pollen tubes along the conductive tissues of the pistil, including the process of fertilization. Previously, in the studies of our group, it was found that phytohormones, such as ethylene, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid and auxins, are involved in the regulation of pollen maturation, its germination and the growth of pollen tubes along the conductive tissues of the pistil, as well as their role in the process of gametophytic self-incompatibility in petunias. (Zakharova et al., 2022).
INFLUENCE OF JASMONIC ACID ON THE GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF PETUNIA POLLEN TUBES UNDER COMPATIBLE AND SELF-INCOMPATIBLE POLLINATION AND ALSO IN THE IN VITRO SYSTEM
Authors: Корякина Ю.И. , Захарова Е.В.
Published: September 2024

Основной механизм взаимодействия мужского гаметофита с проводниковыми тканями пестика является одной из актуальных тем биологии развития. Межклеточное взаимодействие в системе пыльца-пестик во многом определяет возможность взаимной ассимиляции гамет при совместимом опылении или его невозможность при генетически детерминированном барьере к самооплодотворению, имеющему как теоретические (взаимодействия между клетками как общая биологическая проблема) и практическое значение (урожайность и качество урожая).

The main mechanism of interaction between the male gametophyte and the conductive tissues of the pistil is one of the current topics in developmental biology. Intercellular interaction in the pollen-pistil system largely determines the possibility of mutual assimilation of gametes during compatible pollination or its impossibility with a genetically determined barrier to self-fertilization, which has both theoretical (interactions between cells as a general biological problem) and practical significance (yield and crop quality).
APPLICATION OF THE PHENOTYPING METHOD TO STUDY PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS OF TOMATO, BASIL AND RADIS PLANTS
Authors: Товстыко Д.А. , Слепцов Н.Н. , Котов Г.Е. , Анташкевич А.А. , Тараканов И.Г.
Published: September 2024

В последние годы в физиологии растений активно изучаются закономерности формирования и функционирования фенотипов растительных организмов [1,2]. Данное направление получило название феномика. Исследования в этой области направлены на анализ регуляции морфогенеза растений под воздействием различных факторов внешней среды, фотосинтетических и метаболических процессов, выявление механизмов стрессовых реакций и адаптации к неблагоприятным факторам среды, формирования высокой урожайности и повышения качества сельскохозяйственной продукции.

In recent years, regularities in the formation and functioning of phenotypes of plant organisms have been actively studied in plant physiology [1, 2]. This direction is called phenomics. Research in this area is aimed at analyzing the regulation of plant morphogenesis under the influence of various environmental factors, photosynthetic and metabolic processes, identifying the mechanisms of stress reactions and adaptation to adverse environmental factors, forming high yields and improving the quality of agricultural products.
ANALYSIS OF THE GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LENGTH OF THE VEGETATION PERIOD IN WINTER WHEAT
Authors: Меглицкая Я.С. , Мохов Т.Д. , Черноок А.Г. , Тархов И.С.
Published: September 2024

Современные сорта пшеницы по своей фотопериодической чувствительности варьируют от сильночувствительных до абсолютно нечувствительных, способных к колошению даже в условиях короткого 8-часового дня. Фотопериодическая нечувствительность считается важным свойством современных высокоадаптивных сортов со стабильно высокой продуктивностью. Возможность воздействовать на такой важный фактор, как сроки перехода к колошению в современных условиях изменяющегося климата может дать явное преимущество при селекции новых высокоадаптивных сортов пшеницы. Этим объясняется неизменно высокий интерес к донорам новых аллелей генов Ppd у мягкой пшеницы.

Modern wheat varieties vary in their photoperiod sensitivity from highly sensitive to completely insensitive, capable of heading even under conditions of a short 8-hour day. Photoperiodic insensitivity is considered an important property of modern highly adaptive varieties with consistently high productivity. The ability to influence such an important factor as the timing of the transition to heading in modern conditions of a changing climate can give a clear advantage in breeding new highly adaptive wheat varieties. This explains the consistently high interest in donors of new Ppd gene alleles in common wheat.
PHENOTYPING OF QUALITATIVE INDICATORS OF WINTER DURUM WHEAT IN EARLY GENERATIONS
Authors: Воропаева А.Д. , Яновский А.С. , Мудрова А.А.
Published: September 2024

В течение XX века селекция твердой пшеницы Triticum durum Desf. в мире была направлена на получение сортов с более высокой продуктивностью, снижение высоты растения и уменьшение вегетационного периода (1). Начиная с 50 годов прошлого века одной из основных целей селекционных программ было создание сортов твердой пшеницы с высокими стандартами качества. Твердая пшеница содержит сложную смесь белков, которые обладают уникальным свойством образовывать вязкоупругое тесто при смешивании муки с водой.

During the 20th century, breeding of durum wheat Triticum durum Desf. in the world has been aimed at obtaining varieties with higher productivity, lowering plant height and reducing the growing season (1). Since the 1950s, one of the main goals of breeding programs has been to develop durum wheat varieties with high quality standards. Durum wheat contains a complex mixture of proteins that have the unique property of forming a viscoelastic dough when flour is mixed with water.
РАЗРАБОТКА KASP-МАРКЕРА НА ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ В ГЕНЕ PARG-2A У TRÍTICUM AESTÍVUM
Authors: Мохов Т.Д. , Кочешкова А.А. , Баженов М.С. , Меглицкая Я.С. , Архипов А.В.
Published: September 2024

Снижение темпов роста урожая продовольственных культур и значительный рост мирового населения создает необходимость нового прорыва в производстве пшеницы. И в первую очередь появления на рынке новых сверхпродуктивных сортов, устойчивых к абиотическим стрессам в условиях изменяющегося климата. Для этого необходимо производить поиск и внедрение в селекционные программы новых генов, в том числе оказывающих комплексный положительный эффект на рост, качество и урожайность. К таким генам можно отнести транскрипционные факторы, оказывающие плейотропный эффект на хозяйственно ценные признаки.
ОЦЕНКА ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ СОРТООБРАЗЦОВ КАРТОФЕЛЯ НА УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ К ПАТОГЕНАМ
Authors: Урман М.В. , Мухордова М.Е.
Published: September 2024

Считается, что к приоритетным направлениям селекции относится создание высокоустойчивых к вирусным болезням сортов, поскольку наиболее эффективным и экологически безопасным способом защиты от патогенов является возделывание устойчивых растений. ПЦР-маркирование позволяет отобрать более подходящие генотипы для селекции в зоне Западной Сибири.
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ УСЛОВИЙ КУЛЬТИВИРОВАНИЯ IN VITRO СОРТОВ AMELANCHIER MEDIK.
Authors: Раева-Богословская Е.Н.
Published: September 2024

Род Ирга (Amelanchier Medik.) относится к семейству Rosaceae Juss. и включает 23 вида. Она является малораспространенной и перспективной для промышленного выращивания культурой. Кустарник используют как плодовое и декоративными растение.
АКТИВАЦИЯ МОБИЛЬНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ВИРУС-ОПОСРЕДОВАННОГО САЙЛЕНСИНГА ГЕНОВ
Authors: Власова А.В. , Камараули Е.Д. , Перевозчиков Д.В. , Киров И.В.
Published: September 2024

Мобильные элементы обнаружены почти во всех организмах и часто составляют основную часть генома. Они (МЭ) представляют собой фрагменты ДНК способные перемещаться по геному, и интегрироваться в новые места, приводя к увеличению генетического разнообразия и получению новых признаков, включающих вариации окраски плодовых и бобовых, а также приобретение устойчивости к биотическим и абиотическим факторам. Эти признаки могут стать ценными материалом для селекции сельскохозяйственных растений.
ВЛИЯНИЕ СОСТАВА ИНДУКЦИОННОЙ ПИТАТЕЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ГАПЛОПРОДУКЦИИ В КУЛЬТУРЕ ПЫЛЬНИКОВ ТРИТИКАЛЕ IN VITRO
Authors: Жилин С.В. , Хомякова О.В. , Акинина В.Н. , Дьячук Т.И. , Калашникова Э.В. , Куликова В.П.
Published: September 2024

Тритикале (× Triticosecale Wittm.) – синтетический ботанический род семейства мятликовых (Poaceae), объединяющий в одном геноме хромосомы пшеницы и ржи. В настоящее время тритикале является коммерческой культурой с многоцелевым использованием зерна, обладающей огромным потенциалом в качестве продукта питания человека и корма для животных (Mergoum, 2019).
СТРЕССОБУСЛОВЛЕННЫЙ ПРОФИЛЬ ЭКСПРЕССИИ МЕТИЛТРАНСФЕРАЗ ЦИТОЗИНА ПШЕНИЦЫ МЯГКОЙ (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) И ТВЁРДОЙ (TRITICUM DURUM)
Authors: Белова Н.И. , Василик М.П. , Федореева Л.И.
Published: September 2024

В связи с большим количеством пахотных земель с высоким уровнем засоления и развивающимся осваиванием ранее не возделываемых угодий, изучение механизмов солеустойчивости сельскохозяйственных культур является одной из приоритетных задач отечественных исследователей. Важным регуляторным элементов служит эпигеномная модификация ДНК, в числе ферментов, вовлечённых в метилирование у растений, значатся цитозиновые метилтрансферазы. В настоящей работе мы рассмотрели различия экспрессии основных групп метлитрансфераз на фоне солевого и темнового стресса на примере сорта Золотая. Уровни экспрессии некоторых членов семейства DRM, CMT и MET значительно снижались в ответ на солевой стресс.
SPEED BREEDING (СПИД БРИДИНГ) ДЛЯ ТВЕРДОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ – МИФ ИЛИ РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ?
Authors: Кочешкова А.А. , Блинков А.О. , Свистунова Н.Ю. , Радзениеце С.Б. , Алкубеси М. , Дивашук М.Г. , Карлов Г.И.
Published: September 2024

Под термином «speed breeding» (спид бридинг) подразумевается ряд технологических приёмов, направленных на индукцию ускоренного зацветания и созревания семян, сокращения времени от семени до семени. Следует подчеркнуть, что «speed breeding» (спид бридинг) это именно комплекс приёмов, так как использование только одного из множества не приведёт к существенному укорачиванию времени от посева до сбора урожая.
ОПЫТ ГЕНОМНОГО РЕДАКТИРОВАНИЯ ТВЕРДОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ
Authors: Мирошниченко Д.Н. , Тимербаев В.Р. , Дивашук М.Г. , Пушин А.С. , Шульга О.А. , Самарина M. , Eрмолаев А. , Крупин П.Ю. , Карлов Г.И. , Долгов С.В.
Published: September 2024

Среди разновидностей твердой пшеницы, полба (Triticum dicoccum) занимает особое место как ценнейшая крупяная культура, потребность в которой растет в России с каждым годом. Приоритетный интерес наших исследований - применение современных биотехнологических методов, а именно геномного редактирования, для повышения качества зерна пшеницы.
Shakespeare and the Environment
Authors: Chiari Sophie
Published: September 2024

While our physical surroundings fashion our identities, we, in turn, fashion the natural elements in which or with which we live. This complex interaction between the human and the non-human already resonated in Shakespeare’s plays and poems. As details of the early modern supra- and infra-celestial landscape feature in his works, this dictionary brings to the fore Shakespeare’s responsiveness to and acute perception of his ‘environment’ and it covers the most significant uses of words related to this concept. In doing so, it also examines the epistemological changes that were taking place at the turn of the 17th century in a society which increasingly tried to master nature and its elements. For this reason, the intersections between the natural and the supernatural receive special emphasis. All in all, this dictionary offers a wide variety of resources that takes stock of the ‘green criticism’ that recently emerged in Shakespeare studies and provides a clear and complete overview of the idea, imagery and language of environment in the canon.
Playwriting
Authors: Rebellato Dan
Published: September 2024

This book is ideal for anyone keen to understand how contemporary plays and playwrights work, particularly those wanting to write for the stage themselves. Drawing heavily on contemporary practice, it considers moments from a range of plays, with a focus on those from the National Theatre's repertoire. The book embraces a range of different dramaturgical structures and styles popular today; plays by a diverse selection of writers; and the current openness of dramatic form. A book of tools, rather than rules, this guide provides suggestions and provocations, exercises and tricks, examples and discussions. An ideal text for playwrights to hone their craft.
Tragicomedy
Authors: Hammond Brean
Published: September 2024

This succinct authoritative book offers readers an overview of the origins, characteristics, and changing status of tragicomedy from the 17th century to the present. It explores the work of some of the key English and Irish playwrights associated with the form, the influence of Italian and Spanish theorist-playwrights and the importance of translations of Pierre Corneille’s Le Cid.

At the turn of the 17th century, English dramatists such as John Marston, John Fletcher, and William Shakespeare began experimenting with plays that mixed elements of tragedy and comedy, producing a blended mode that they themselves called ‘tragicomedy’. This book begins by examining the sources of their inspiration and the theatrical achievement that they hoped to gain by confronting an audience with plays that defied the plot and character expectations of ‘pure’ comedy and tragedy. It goes on to show how, reacting to French models, John Dryden, Shakespeare ‘improvers’ and other English playwrights developed the form while sowing the seeds of its own vulnerability to parody and obsolescence in the eighteenth century.

Discussing nineteenth-century melodrama as in some respects a resurrection of tragicomedy, the final chapter concentrates on plays by Ibsen, Chekhov, and Beckett as examples of the form being revived to create theatrical modes that more adequately represent the perceived complexity of experience.
Staging Britain’s Past
Authors: Gilchrist Kim
Published: September 2024

Staging Britain's Past is the first study of the early modern performance of Britain's pre-Roman history. The mythic history of the founding of Britain by the Trojan exile Brute and the subsequent reign of his descendants was performed through texts such as Norton and Sackville’s Gorboduc, Shakespeare’s King Lear and Cymbeline, as well as civic pageants, court masques and royal entries such as Elizabeth I’s 1578 entry to Norwich. Gilchrist argues for the power of performed history to shape early modern conceptions of the past, ancestry, and national destiny, and demonstrates how the erosion of the Brutan histories marks a transformation in English self-understanding and identity.

When published in 1608, Shakespeare’s King Lear claimed to be a “True Chronicle History”. Lear was said to have ruled Britain centuries before the Romans, a descendant of the mighty Trojan Brute who had conquered Britain and slaughtered its barbaric giants. But this was fake history. Shakespeare’s contemporaries were discovering that Brute and his descendants, once widely believed as proof of glorious ancient origins, were a mischievous medieval invention.

Offering a comprehensive account of the extraordinary theatrical tradition that emerged from these Brutan histories and the reasons for that tradition’s disappearance, this study gathers all known evidence of the plays, pageants and masques portraying Britain’s ancient rulers. Staging Britain's Past reveals how the loss of England’s Trojan origins is reflected in plays and performances from Gorboduc’s powerful invocation of history to Cymbeline’s elegiac erosion of all notions of historical truth.
Dynamic Acting through Active Analysis
Authors: Carnicke Sharon Marie
Published: September 2024

In the 21st century, actors face radical changes in plays and performance styles, as they move from stage to screen and grapple with new technologies that present their art to ever-expanding audiences. Active Analysis offers the flexibility of mind, body, and spirit now urgently needed in acting.

Dynamic Acting through Active Analysis brings to light this timely legacy, born during the worst era of Soviet repression and hidden for decades from public view.

Part I unfolds like a mystery novel through letters, memoirs, and transcripts of Konstantin Stanislavsky’s last classes. Far from the authoritarian director of his youth, he reveals himself as a generous mentor, who empowers actors with a brand new collaborative approach to rehearsals. His assistant, Maria Knebel, first bears witness to his forward-looking ideas and then builds the bridge to new plays in new styles through her directing and influential teaching.

Part II follows a 21st century company of diverse actors as they experience the joy of applying Active Analysis to their own creative and professional work.
Analysis Patient Complaints in a Public Hospital
Authors: ESEN KOÇ Hatice
Published: September 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde hasta şikâyetlerin analiz edilmesi, sorunların tespit edilmesi ve hasta memnuniyetinin artırılmasına yönelik önerilerin sunulmasını sağlamaktır. Tanımlayıcı ve retrospektif çalışma verileri, 2021 yılında bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinin dilek, şikâyet ve öneri kutularındaki poliklinik ve yatan hasta görüşlerinin yanı sıra hastanenin web sitesinden elde edilmiştir. Çalışma, 2021 yılında alınan toplam 277 geri bildirimden 77 şikâyete odaklanmaktadır. Elde edilen verilere göre 2021 yılında 277 adet geribildirimin 77’si şikâyet olarak yapılmıştır. Şikâyetler hasta şikâyet taksonomisine göre gruplandırılmış, üç ana grupta incelendiğinde sırasıyla; yönetim (%44,78),) ilişkiler (%37,31) ve klinik (%17,91) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yönetim ana temasının altında en fazla kurumsal sorunlar (%35,07), ilişkiler ana temasının altında ise insaniyet/önemseme kategorileri yer almaktadır. Hasta şikâyetlerinin en yaygın nedenleri konaklama, kaba davranma, personel tutumu ve profesyonel olmayan davranış olduğu saptanmıştır. Hasta şikâyetlerinin değerlendirilmesinde standardizasyonun sağlanması açısından Reader taksonomisi ve A3 problem çözme metodolojisinin kullanılabileceği önerilmektedir.
Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinin Problem Çözme Becerilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇERÇİ Seyhan , UYURDAĞ Nermin
Published: September 2024

Araştırmanın amacı sağlık hizmetleri meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin problem çözme beceri düzeylerinin belirlenmesidir. Tanımlayıcı bir tasarımla gerçekleştirilen araştırma 252 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler Mart-Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu ve Problem Çözme Envanteri ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde normallik testleri, güvenilirlik analizleri, tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemler ve karşılaştırma analizleri kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin problem çözme envanteri puan ortalaması 86.49±23.70, alt boyutlardan en yüksek ortalama Aceleci Yaklaşım (29.11±10.11), en düşük ortalama Değerlendirici Yaklaşım (7.80±3.57) alt boyutunda bulundu. 21 yaş üstünde kaçıngan yaklaşım yüksek, kasaba ve köyde yaşayanlarda problem çözme, değerlendirici yaklaşım ve kendine güvenli yaklaşım düşük bulunmuştur. Kişilik özelliklerine göre; çekingen özelliğe sahip olmayanlar ile hızlı çözüm üreten, girişken, araştırmacı, kendine güvenen ve hoşgörülü olanların problem çözme becerisinin diğer gruplardan yüksektir. Bu çalışmada öğrencilerin problem çözme becerilerinin ortalamanın üzerinde olduğu ve bazı demografik değişkenler ve kişilik özellikleri ile anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde; ders müfredatlarının öğrencilerin problem çözme becerilerinin arttırılmasına yönelik olarak güncellenmesi ve bu konuda bireysel farklılıklar gözetilerek hazırlanmış eğitim programlarının düzenlenmesi önerilmektedir.
Exploring Financial Management Practices and Firm’s Competitiveness: Evidence from Ghana Club 100 Firms
Authors: Arthur-Sam Jane , Seddighi Hamid R. , Osseo-Asare Jr. Augustus E.
Published: September 2024

Ghana Club 100 was established by the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC) to acknowledge the top 100 performing firms in Ghana and to enhance firm competi-tiveness and economic growth. The paper aims to explore how financial management practices influence the competitiveness of firms listed on Ghana Club 100. This study adopted a sequential mixed research design comprising of a questionnaire from 80 firms and an interview guide to gather data from 10 selected companies. Data from the questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistics and NVivo software was used to thematically analyze the interview transcripts. The findings identified five financial management practices relating to accounting information system, capital structure, capital budgeting, working capital and financial reporting, which are deemed critical to firm performance and competitiveness in terms of financial health, growth and operational efficiency in Ghana. Although the generalizability of the study is limited to the small sample size, the findings can be applied to improve the firm performance of companies in Ghana. Future research aims to critically evaluate the effectiveness of the five financial management practices.
Caracterización agronómica de materiales extraterritoriales de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) en la provincia Bolívar
Authors: Silva-García David , Rodríguez-Maldonado Eduardo , Román-Ramos Andrea
Published: September 2024

La quinua originaria de Sudamérica ha tomado importancia en los últimos años dentro de los sistemas de producción debido a su importancia económica y valor nutricional. En la región andina del Ecuador se encuentran materiales de quinua con características potenciales para ser usados. En este contexto, la provincia de Bolívar tiene condiciones edafoclimáticas para producción, por lo que es importante la caracterización agromorfológica de germoplasma que permitan la diversificación de los sistemas productivos en esta provincia. La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar accesiones potenciales de quinua por sus características agromorfológicas. El diseño estadístico utilizado fue de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Los resultados evidenciaron que las variables como la altura de planta, peso del grano por planta y de mil granos están relacionadas con el rendimiento. El mayor rendimiento fue para el cultivar LPQ-4 con 1444 kg ha-1 con un contenido medio de saponina, grano de color blanco, forma redonda y tamaño grande. Se seleccionaron a las accesiones LPQ-4, CQ-407 Pasankalla y Quinua Negra como germoplasma promisorio para diversificar los sistemas de producción de la provincia de Bolívar para abastecer el mercado local, nacional e internacional.
Common Pathogens and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Urinary Tract Infection Among Spinal Cord Injury Cohort
Authors: Waqas Khalil  , Omer Jamshed  , Hina Kanwal  , Talha Liaqat  , Tameem ul Hassan  , Fahad Hasnain
Published: September 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of nosocomial urinary tract infections in patients admitted for spinal cord injury rehabilitation, identify the organisms responsible, and determine their susceptibility to systemic antimicrobials.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep 2022 to Apr 2023.
Methodology: Samples for urine culture and sensitivity were taken from 47 individuals; 25 of these were excluded due to the growth of mixed organisms. Both male and female patients were included with Spinal Cord injury and admitted to the Inpatient Department for rehabilitation. Spinal cord injuries were classified as acute (<6 months) and chronic (>six months), depending upon the time elapsed since the injury. Symptoms of urinary tract infections were documented.
Results: The sample showed a male preponderance, with 18(81.80%) males and 4(18.20%) females. Twelve individuals (54.5%) had symptoms of urinary tract infection. The urine sample yielded microbial growth in 19(86.40%) samples, confirming the diagnosis of UTI. Out of the participants, 9(40.90%) had acute SCI, while 13(59.10%) had chronic SCI. The mean duration since the SCI was 8.04±5.84 months.
Conclusion: In patients with urinary tract infections associated with spinal cord injury, Klebsiella and Escherichia coli were found to be the major causative organisms. Meropenem, Fosfomycin, and Gentamicin were found to be the most effective initial choice of antibiotics, exhibiting increased sensitivity against the alleged microorganisms.
Original Article Open AccessComparison of Efficacy of Surgical Interventions (Balloon Tamponade versus B-lynch Suture) to Prevent Postpartum Hemorrhage in Patients with Placenta Previa – a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sarah Nisar  , Salma Nisar  , Qasim Zaheer  , Muhammad Awais Qarni  , Nasreen Hassan Niazi  , Muhammad Ali Bhatti
Published: September 2024

Objective: To compare mean blood loss by prophylactic balloon tamponade versus B-lynch suture in patients with placenta previa.
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05133167).
Place and Duration of Study: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Combined Military Hospital, Jhelum Pakistan, from Apr to Oct 2021.
Methodology: A total of 60 patients with placenta previa, ranging in age from 18 to 40, were included in the study. Computer-generated random sample allocation was used to assign equal number of patients to Groups A and B. In Group-A, balloon tamponade (using Foley catheter 28 Fr) was used intra-operatively to prevent post-partum hemorrhage. Post-operative blood loss within first 24 hours was estimated by measuring the amount of blood collected in Foley balloon tamponade bag, in milliliters. In Group-B, B-lynch suture was used intra-operatively to prevent post-partum hemorrhage. Post-operative blood loss within first 24 hours was estimated by the weight difference of the pads before and after being used by the patient.
Results: The mean blood loss in Group-A (prophylactic balloon tamponade) was 118.97±20.26 ml, while it was 154.13±15.21 ml in Group-B (B lynch suture Group) (p-value=0.0001).
Conclusion: In cases of placenta previa, prophylactic balloon tamponade resulted in reduced post-intervention mean blood loss compared to B-lynch.
Endoscopic Findings in Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed Patients with High AIMS 65 Score
Authors: Dheeraj Kumar  , Hamid Ali Kalwar  , Muhammad Tanweer Khalid  , Ghulam Mujtaba  , Shahid Karim  , Shahid Majid
Published: September 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of endoscopic findings in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleed patients with high AIMS 65 score at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.
Study Design: Cross-Sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gastroenterology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2020.
Methodology: All 112 patients with history of melena, hematemesis and with high AIMS 65 Score >2 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Gastroscopy was carried out, and findings and their frequency were noted, along with Forrest classes and esophagitis grading.
Results: This study included 112 patients with hematemesis and melena. The patients mean age was 43.5±12.11 years, mean duration of hematemesis was 7.12±3.10 hours. Among endoscopic findings the duodenal ulcers were the most common (46.4%) followed by gastric ulcers (42%), Camron ulcers (6.1%), esophagitis (10.7%), Mallory Weise tears (13.4%) and Dieulafoy's lesions (5.4 %) Among the duodenal and gastric ulcers, Forrest class IIC was most common i.e. (38.5%) and (46.8%) respectively. LA Grading of esophagitis showing LA Grade A (28.6 %) and Grade B (28.6 %).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that patients with high AIMS 65 scores have duodenal ulcers as most common endoscopic finding, followed by gastric ulcers. Among duodenal and gastric ulcers, Forrest class IIC was the most common finding.
Four Years Maternal Missed Mortality Ratio and Mortality Index at A Tertiary Care Hospital in Azad Kashmir
Authors: Ambreen Ehsan  , Maryam Zubair  , Abida Islam  , Amera Tariq  , Umairah Yaqub  , Nosheena Shabbir
Published: September 2024

Objective: To calculate the Maternal Near Miss Mortality Ratio and Mortality Index at a tertiary care hospital in a developing country with limited healthcare resources.
Study Design: Retrospective analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Hospital Azad Kashmir and Combined Military Hospital, Muzaffarabad Pakistan, from Jan 2015 to Dec 2018.
Methodology: Four hundred and forty-nine severe maternal outcome cases admitted in Intensive Care Unit were included in our study. Maternal Near Miss Mortality Ratio and Mortality Index were calculated. SPSS version 23.00 used for statistical analysis.
Results: The maternal near missed mortality ratio was 11:1, mortality index 8.68%, severe maternal outcome 1.58% with 39 maternal deaths. Most common causes of maternal morbidity were hemorrhage (56.1%); hypertensive disorders (24%); sepsis (3.5%) and cardiovascular diseases (1.8%). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (30.7%), hemorrhage (25.6%) and sepsis (25.6%) were the common causes of maternal deaths. The total ICU time in patient with near-miss was 1.9±1.7 days versus 2.6±3.14 days in deaths, p<0.001. Operative delivery was statistically significantly (p value <0.001) more common mode of delivery in severe maternal outcomes (66.6%) and maternal deaths (33.3%).
Conclusion: Our study has shown 1.58% severe maternal outcomes amongst admitted pregnant, maternal near missed mortality ratio being 11:1, mortality index being 8.68%. Eclampsia, hemorrhage and sepsis are major cause of maternal death.
Analisis Perbezaan Pengiraan Nisab dan Impak Terhadap Zakat Pendapatan
Authors: Mohd Nasri Mohd Mukhlis , Hamdan Mohammad Naqib
Published: September 2024

Zakat pendapatan merupakan salah satu kategori zakat yang diwajibkan oleh Islam sekiranya seseorang Muslim memenuhi syarat bagi mengeluarkan zakat. Fokus kajian ini dilakukan bagi menganalisis perbezaan jumlah bayaran zakat pendapatan berdasarkan nisab yang terdapat dalam pengiraan zakat pendapatan di Malaysia. Perbezaan set nisab dan ketidakseragaman boleh menyebabkan jumlah zakat pendapatan yang perlu dikeluarkan berbeza-beza dan berkemungkinan terdapat individu-individu yang mempunyai nilai pendapatan yang sama tetapi tidak dikenakan zakat pendapatan ke atasnya sedangkan di negeri lain bekemungkinan dia diwajibkan zakat. Bagi mencapai objektif kajian ini, maklumat tentang set nisab di setiap negeri dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk memahami corak pentaksiran masing-masing. Justeru, simulasi pengiraan zakat pendapatan telah dilakukan melalui kalkulator zakat yang terdapat dalam laman sesawang setiap majlis agama negeri. Simulasi dijalankan dengan mengandaikan pembayar mempunyai pendapatan kasar sekitar RM2,425 sebulan dan perbelanjaan yang sama. Andaian ini adalah kerana had pendapatan bagi individu dalam kategori B40 adalah sebanyak RM2,425 sebulan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat dua jenis pengiraan nisab dalam pengiraan zakat pendapatan tanpa mengira perbezaan garis kecukupan minima bagi keperluan asasi seseorang individu dan tanggungannya berdasarkan kos sara hidup semasa (dikenali sebagai Had Kifayah) yang dikenakan dalam pengiraan. Analisis simulasi menunjukkan bahawa Kedah, Pulau Pinang, Sarawak dan Johor menetapkan bahawa jumlah nisab dikira sebelum pemotongan had kifayah berbanding negeri-negeri lain, iaitu seseorang dikira mencukupi jumlah nisab selepas pemotongan had kifayah. Hal ini memberi kesan kepada perlaksanaan di lapangan kerana ada individu yang tidak perlu membayar zakat kerana tidak mencukupi syarat nisab. Ada individu di negeri lain yang perlu membayar zakat pendapatan walaupun mereka mempunyai pendapatan dan perbelanjaan yang sama.
Efficient Deep Reinforcement Learning with Predictive Processing Proximal Policy Optimization
Authors: Küçükoğlu Burcu , Borkent Walraaf , Rueckauer Bodo , Ahmad Nasir , Güçlü Umut , van Gerven Marcel
Published: September 2024

Advances in reinforcement learning (RL) often rely on massive compute resources and remain notoriously sample inefficient. In contrast, the human brain is able to efficiently learn effective control strategies using limited resources. This raises the question whether insights from neuroscience can be used to improve current RL methods. Predictive processing is a popular theoretical framework which maintains that the human brain is actively seeking to minimize surprise. We show that recurrent neural networks which predict their own sensory states can be leveraged to minimise surprise, yielding substantial gains in cumulative reward. Specifically, we present the Predictive Processing Proximal Policy Optimization (P4O) agent; an actor-critic reinforcement learning agent that applies predictive processing to a recurrent variant of the PPO algorithm by integrating a world model in its hidden state. Even without hyperparameter tuning, P4O significantly outperforms a baseline recurrent variant of the PPO algorithm on multiple Atari games using a single GPU. It also outperforms other state-of-the-art agents given the same wall-clock time and exceeds human gamer performance on multiple games including Seaquest, which is a particularly challenging environment in the Atari domain. Altogether, our work underscores how insights from the field of neuroscience may support the development of more capable and efficient artificial agents.
FATORES CAUSAIS DE INSÔNIA EM ESTUDANTES DO CURSO DE MEDICINA DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE NO OESTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: Silva Marianne Favaro Calixto da , Mombelli Daniel Mainar , Castro Eloisa Carvalho de , Ferrari Gabriel Hayashi , Castro Karoline Novaes de , Teixeira Maycon Gabriel Duarte , Soares Carolina Ferraz de Paula
Published: September 2024

A insônia e um distúrbio de sono frequente com impacto significativo na saúde pública e qualidade de vida. Esse estudo aborda a problemática da insônia e o foco da pesquisa é avaliar as causas e os impactos da insônia em acadêmicos do curso de Medicina em Cascavel-PR. É possível destacar a complexidade da insônia, suas manifestações fisiológicas e os fatores precipitantes e perpetuantes. A pesquisa envolveu a coleta de dados por meio de questionários eletrônicos aplicados aos estudantes de Medicina da Fundação Assis Gurgacz, utilizando análises qualitativas e quantitativas. Os resultados indicam uma prevalência de problemas relacionados ao sono entre os participantes, com destaque para a influência de horários noturnos de aulas, uso intensivo de dispositivos eletrônicos antes de dormir e irregularidades nos hábitos de sono. A análise dos resultados revela que a insônia está associada a fatores como estresse acadêmico, horários irregulares de estudo, uso de medicamentos e hábitos noturnos prejudiciais. Diante do exposto e possível observar que a insônia entre estudantes de Medicina é uma preocupação relevante, exigindo abordagens preventivas e terapêuticas que considerem a complexidade da rotina acadêmica e seus impactos na saúde mental e física dos estudantes.