bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Damage Atlas: an atlas of DNA damage and repair
Authors: Liang Yu , Yuan Qingqing , Zheng Qijie , Mei Zilv , Song Yawei , Yan Huan , Yang Jiajie , Wu Shuheng , Yuan Jiao , Wu Wei
Published: October 2023

DNA damage and its improper repair are the major source of genomic alterations responsible for many human diseases, particularly cancer. To aid researchers in understanding the underlying mechanisms of genome instability, a number of genome-wide profiling approaches have been developed to monitor DNA damage and repair events. The rapid accumulation of published datasets underscores the critical necessity of a comprehensive database to curate sequencing data on DNA damage and repair intermediates. Here, we present DNA Damage Atlas (DDA, http://www.bioinformaticspa.com/DDA/), the first large-scale repository of DNA damage and repair information. Currently, DDA comprises 6,030 samples from 262 datasets by 59 technologies, covering 16 species, 10 types of damage and 135 treatments. Data collected in DDA was processed through a standardized workflow, including quality checks, hotspots identification and a series of feature characterization for the hotspots. Notably, DDA encompasses analyses of highly repetitive regions, ribosomal DNA and telomere. DDA offers a user-friendly interface that facilitates browsing, searching, genome browser visualization, hotspots comparison and data downloading, enabling convenient and thorough exploration for datasets of interest. In summary, DDA will stand as a valuable resource for research in genome instability and its association with diseases.
Migration, technology diffusion, and growth
Authors: Ikhenaode Bright Isaac , Parello Carmelo Pierpaolo
Published: October 2023

This article proposes a two-country AK model of growth with cross-country knowledge diffusion and endogenous migration to study the relationship between migration, income inequality, and economic growth. In contrast with mainstream AK literature, the article shows that introducing knowledge diffusion from rich to poor countries makes AK models predict conditional convergence, but also that migration tends to cool the catching-up process of poorer economies. When testing the robustness of the policy implications of the AK literature in the presence of migration, we find that subsidizing capital accumulation in frontier countries stimulates migration and worldwide growth, but also that it increases cross-country inequalities in terms of both income and technology. On the contrary, subsidizing capital accumulation in non-frontier countries reduces migration and mitigates inequalities worldwide, but has no effects on the long-run pace of economic growth of the two countries.
Cardiac Abnormalities in Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Qiaoling , Yang Mingming , Shen Shichun , Gong Chen , Lan Zuyong
Published: October 2023

Since the identification of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in 2010, there has been an increase in reported cases in China and other Asian countries. Cardiac abnormalities are highly prevalent in SFTS patients. We searched 5 Chinese and international databases for published SFTS articles and extracted patient characteristics, cardiac complications, electrocardiography findings, and imaging findings. Twenty-seven studies were identified, covering 1938 patients and 621 cardiac abnormalities. Arrhythmia was the most prevalent, reported in 24 studies and 525 cases, with a prevalence of 27.09%. The 2 major types of arrhythmias were bradycardia and atrial fibrillation. Heart failure was the second most prevalent abnormality, with 77 cases. Changes in the ST segment and T wave were the most common. Valve regurgitation, reduced ejection fraction, and pericardial effusion were also documented. We recommend that physicians pay close attention to newly onset arrhythmia and structural heart disease in SFTS patients.
Histoplasma Seropositivity in TB Patients in The Gambia: Evidence to Drive Research on a High-Priority Fungal Pathogen
Authors: Cornell Tessa R , Jobe Dawda , Donkor Simon , Wootton Daniel G , Pinchbeck Gina , Sutherland Jayne S , Scantlebury Claire Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

Background

Inclusion of Histoplasma in the World Health Organization's first Fungal Priority Pathogens List under “high-priority” fungal species highlights the need for robust surveillance of Histoplasma spp. in endemic and underrepresented regions. Despite increasing reports of histoplasmosis in Africa, data on the burden of this fungal disease are sparse in The Gambia. This baseline study examined the human seroprevalence of anti-Histoplasma antibody in a TB patient group in The Gambia, explored associations between seropositivity and demographic and clinical variables, and proposes future research directions.

Methods

Biobanked plasma samples were selected from active TB cases with variable HIV infection status. Latex agglutination tests were performed on samples from 52 study participants to detect the presence of anti-Histoplasma antibodies. Potential risk factors for Histoplasma exposure were explored using logistic regression analysis.

Results

The sample seroprevalence of anti-Histoplasma antibody was 28.8% (n = 15/52; 95% CI, 17.1%–43.1%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified a statistically significant association between Histoplasma seropositivity and age (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84–0.98; P = .008).

Conclusions

This baseline study provides evidence of Histoplasma seropositivity in TB patients in The Gambia and explores risk factors for exposure. The small sample size and use of the LAT in TB and HIV-positive patient groups are significant study limitations. Future research directions are proposed to ascertain the burden of Histoplasma in general and patient populations and explore the context-specific risk factors for exposure and infection in The Gambia.
Social media messaging by climate action NGOs: a case study of the 2019–2020 Australian Black Summer bushfires
Authors: Ettinger Joshua , Sanford Mary , Walton Peter , Holmes David , Painter James
Published: October 2023

Researchers are increasingly examining discourses associated with climate change and extreme weather events across different communication channels. However, further research is needed to examine how environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) frame extreme weather events and their relationship to climate change on social media platforms. This is an important topic as these groups play a significant role communicating science and driving environmental action. Here, we examine how Australian climate action NGOs framed the relationship of the 2019–2020 Black Summer bushfires to climate change on Twitter/X. Analyzing 2,077 bushfire-related tweets from a sample of 102 climate group accounts through manual content analysis, we found that these groups frequently linked bushfires with climate change, representing 59% of their bushfire-related tweets during the period of the fires. Forty-two percent of tweets mentioned climate change without describing how it relates to bushfires; 16% described specifically how climate change influences the frequency and intensity of bushfires; and only 1% suggested inaccurately that climate change causes bushfires to occur. Fifteen percent of tweets discussed risk factors beyond climate change that influence bushfire impacts, such as firefighting, emergency responses, hazard reduction, and community vulnerabilities. Only seven accounts mentioned an extreme event attribution study of the Black Summer fires. Based on these findings, we discuss opportunities and challenges of climate science communication in the extreme weather context, and describe promising directions for future research.
Disruption ofp-coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferases in rice drastically alters lignin composition
Authors: Lam Lydia Pui Ying , Tobimatsu Yuki , Suzuki Shiro , Tanaka Takuto , Yamamoto Senri , Takeda-Kimura Yuri , Osakabe Yuriko , Osakabe Keishi , Ralph John , Bartley Laura E , Umezawa Toshiaki
Published: October 2023

Grasses are abundant feedstocks that can supply lignocellulosic biomass for production of cell-wall-derived chemicals. In grass cell walls, lignin is acylated with p-coumarate. These p-coumarate decorations arise from the incorporation of monolignol p-coumarate conjugates during lignification. A previous biochemical study identified a rice (Oryza sativa) BAHD acyltransferase (AT) with p-coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase (PMT) activity in vitro. In this study, we determined that that enzyme, which we name OsPMT1 (also known as OsAT4), and the closely related OsPMT2 (OsAT3) harbor similar catalytic activity toward monolignols. We generated rice mutants deficient in either or both OsPMT1 and OsPMT2 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis and subjected the mutants’ cell walls to analysis using chemical and nuclear magnetic resonance methods. Our results demonstrated that OsPMT1 and OsPMT2 both function in lignin p-coumaroylation in the major vegetative tissues of rice. Notably, lignin-bound p-coumarate units were undetectable in the ospmt1 ospmt2-2 double-knockout mutant. Further, in-depth structural analysis of purified lignins from the ospmt1 ospmt2-2 mutant compared with control lignins from wild-type rice revealed stark changes in polymer structures, including alterations in syringyl/guaiacyl aromatic unit ratios and inter-monomeric linkage patterns, and increased molecular weights. Our results provide insights into lignin polymerization in grasses that will be useful for the optimization of bioengineering approaches for the effective use of biomass in biorefineries.
Association of arbitrary prescribing behavior to costly drug expenditures: a pharmacoeconomic study in primary care
Authors: Kirmizi Sonmez N Ipek , Aydin Volkan , Atac Omer , Akici Ahmet
Published: October 2023

Background

We aimed to examine the cost-related prescribing performance of primary care physicians who had a higher versus lower tendency of arbitrary prescribing.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the prescriptions of primary care physicians in Istanbul, collected with 3:1 systematic sampling. We determined higher versus lower arbitrary prescribing by the physician’s degree of writing the solo diagnosis of “Z00- General examination without diagnosis/complaint”: those for whom such prescriptions constituted >5% were classified as Group A and those with them at <0.5% as Group B. We compared these two groups by the total and disease-specific drug costs per prescription they produced for 10 frequently encountered indications.

Results

The median cost of disease-specific medication for all diagnoses in Group A and Group B, except anemia, was equal. In upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), hypertension, anemia, diabetes, and conjunctivitis, the mean prescription costs of Group A were significantly higher than those of Group B (P < .001, P < .001, P = .009, P = .007, and P < .001, respectively), whereas disease-specific drug costs per prescription were similar (P > .05 in all diagnoses). In myalgia, Group A had lower cost per prescription (P < .001) and higher analgesic costs per prescription (P < .001) compared to those in Group B. We found significantly higher disease-specific drug cost share in Group B for URTIs (antibiotic), gastroesophageal reflux disease (gastric acid–suppressant), hypertension (antihypertensive), anemia (iron preparations), diabetes (antidiabetic), depression (antidepressant), and conjunctivitis (corticosteroid) than those in Group A (P < .001 for each).

Conclusions

Our study showed that physicians who had a higher tendency of prescribing for no clear indication are also more likely to produce costly prescriptions.
Postoperative Psychological Predictors for Chronic Postsurgical Pain After a Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Terradas-Monllor Marc , Ruiz Miguel A , Ochandorena-Acha Mirari
Published: October 2023

Objective

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a significant adverse effect shown in around 20% of people who had undergone a knee arthroplasty (KA). Psychological risk factors have emerged as significant and potentially modifiable risk factors for its development. However, there is still little evidence when assessing these factors during the acute postoperative period. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of postoperative pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear of movement, anxiety, depression, and pain attitudes in developing CPSP after KA.

Methods

A 6-month follow-up prospective observational study design was used. The study sample comprised 115 people who underwent a KA due to painful primary osteoarthritis. Measures of pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear of movement, anxiety, depression, and pain attitudes were obtained 1 week after surgery. CPSP was set at an intensity of ≥30 using a 100-mm visual analog scale at 3 and 6 months after surgery.

Results

Analysis revealed that baseline pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear of movement, anxiety, depression, and maladaptive pain attitudes were significant predictors of chronic pain at 3 and 6 months after surgery in a univariate analysis. However, at 3 months after surgery, only pain intensity and pain catastrophizing were predictors in the final multivariate model forecasting disturbing pain. Moreover, 6 months after surgery, pain intensity and distrust in medical procedures remained independent predictors. Most of the psychological factors can be grouped into a single dimension defined as pain-related psychological distress.

Conclusion

The results suggest that postoperative pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and pain attitudes are independent predictors for CPSP after KA.

Impact

Postoperative cognitive and emotional factors should be considered alongside pain intensity during postoperative rehabilitation after KA because they could influence the development of CPSP.
VEGF combined with DAPT promotes tissue regeneration and remodeling in vascular grafts
Authors: Yang Tao , Li Guangxu , Li Xifeng , Wei Boyang , Su Hengxian , Liu Wenchao , Guo Shenquan , Yang Nan , Xu Tao , Duan Chuanzhi
Published: October 2023

Previous research on tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) has mainly focused on the intima or adventitia unilaterally, neglecting the equal importance of both layers. Meanwhile, the efficacy of grafts modified with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) merely has been limited. Here, we developed a small-diameter graft that can gradually release VEGF and γ secretase inhibitor IX (DAPT) to enhance tissue regeneration and remodeling in both the intima and adventitia. In vitro, experiments revealed that the combination of VEGF and DAPT had superior pro-proliferation and pro-migration effects on endothelial cells. In vivo, the sustained release of VEGF and DAPT from the grafts resulted in improved regeneration and remodeling. Specifically, in the intima, faster endothelialization and regeneration of smooth muscle cells led to higher patency rates and better remodeling. In the adventitia, a higher density of neovascularization, M2 macrophages and fibroblasts promoted cellular ingrowth and replacement of the implant with autologous neo-tissue. Furthermore, western blot analysis confirmed that the regenerated ECs were functional and the effect of DAPT was associated with increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Our study demonstrated that the sustained release of VEGF and DAPT from the graft can effectively promote tissue regeneration and remodeling in both the intima and adventitia. This development has the potential to significantly accelerate the clinical application of small-diameter TEBVs.
Curly Top Viruses and Phytoplasmas in Sugar Beets, Common Beans, and Beet Leafhoppers Along with Vector Population Dynamics in Southern Idaho
Authors: Strausbaugh Carl A. , Wenninger Erik J. , Jackson Laurie , Vincill Eric
Published: October 2023

Beet curly top in sugar beet and common bean is a major yield-limiting factor that is caused by beet curly top virus (BCTV) and is vectored by the beet leafhopper (BLH; Circulifer tenellus). BLH populations in southern Idaho were tracked during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons in desert areas and sugar beet and common bean fields with yellow sticky cards to assess BLH population levels and identify the curly top virus species/strains and phytoplasmas present. Plants from monitored crop fields were also assessed for the same pathogens. In one desert area (Elmore Co.), BLH populations began increasing in May and were present in double-digit numbers per card through the summer at all sites in both years. However, the BLH numbers at other desert sites were at or near zero. Local weed populations and not desert areas appeared to be the primary source of BLH in crop fields. Based on cytochrome oxidase gene sequence, two haplotypes dominated the BLH population. In both years, BCTV strains Worland and Colorado were the primary strains in BLH and plant samples. The California/Logan, pepper curly top (PeCT), and severe strains of BCTV were also detected in BLH, along with spinach curly top Arizona virus (SpCTAV). Phytoplasmas were detected in 1% of BLH samples in both years. Phytoplasmas, SpCTAV, and PeCT were not detected in plant samples. This project established the curly top species/strains for which host plant resistance is needed, as well as the time and areas when crops are at the highest risk for infection.

[Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.
Use of 3D Fluoroscopy to Assist in the Reduction and Fixation of Pelvic and Acetabular Fractures: A Safety and Quality Case Series
Authors: Warner Stephen J. , Haase Douglas R. , Chip Routt Milton L. , Eastman Jonathan G. , Achor Timothy S.
Published: October 2023

Multidimensional fluoroscopy has been increasingly used in orthopaedic trauma to improve the intraoperative assessment of articular reductions and implant placement. Owing to the complex osteology of the pelvis, cross-sectional imaging is imperative for accurate evaluation of pelvic ring and acetabular injuries both preoperatively and intraoperatively. The continued development of fluoroscopic technology over the past decade has resulted in improved ease of intraoperative multidimensional fluoroscopy use in pelvic and acetabular surgery. This has provided orthopaedic trauma surgeons with a valuable tool to better evaluate reduction and fixation at different stages during operative treatment of these injuries. Specifically, intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy during treatment of acetabulum and pelvis injuries assists with guiding intraoperative decisions, assessing reductions, ensuring implant safety, and confirming appropriate fixation. We outline the useful aspects of this technology during pelvic and acetabular surgery and report its utility with a consecutive case series at a single institution. The added benefits of this technology have improved the ability to effectively manage patients with pelvis and acetabulum injuries.
Stabilization of Tibial Fractures at Risk of Complications With the Bactiguard Intramedullary Nail: Early to Medium Results With a Novel Metal-Coated Device
Authors: Kotsarinis Georgios , Wakefield Sophia M. , Kanakaris Nikolaos K. , Giannoudis Peter V.
Published: October 2023

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and early clinical results from the use of a novel, noble metal-coated titanium tibial nail for the definite stabilization of tibial shaft fractures at risk of developing complications.

Design:

This is a retrospective case series with prospectively collected data.

Setting:

Level I Trauma Centre in the United Kingdom.

Patients and Intervention:

Thirty-one patients who were managed with the Bactiguard-coated Natural Nail and achieved a minimum of a 12-month follow-up.

Main Outcome Measurements:

The main outcomes of this study were the incidence of adverse events (related to implant safety), complications (particularly infection), and reinterventions.

Results:

Thirty-one patients with a mean age of 41.6 years were included in this study. Active heavy smokers or intravenous drug users were 25.8% and 9.7% of them were diabetic. Five fractures were open while 13 had concomitant soft-tissue involvement (Tscherne grade 1 or 2). Twenty-seven patients healed with no further intervention in a mean time of 3.3 months. Three patients developed nonunion and required further intervention. The overall union rate was 96.7%. One patient developed deep infection after union (infection incidence 3.2%). Six patients (6/31; [19.3%]) required reinterventions [2 for the treatment of nonunion, 3 for removal of screws soft-tissue irritation, and 1 for the management of infection).

Conclusions:

The management of tibial shaft fractures with a noble metal-coated titanium tibial nail demonstrates encouraging outcomes. Further studies are desirable to gather more evidence in the performance of this innovative implant.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Use of a Robotic Arm for Fixation of Pelvic Fractures
Authors: Gilani Syed , Mohamed Mustafa , Hartley Brandi , Zamora Rodolfo , Zou Jiyao , Daccarett Miguel , Carlson Jon B.
Published: October 2023

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to evaluate unplanned cortical or neuroforaminal violation of iliosacral and transsacral screw placement using fluoroscopy versus screw placement using a robotic arm.

Design:

This is a prospective cohort study.

Setting:

Single surgeon, single North American level 1 trauma center.

Patients:

Radiographic and clinical data for 21 consecutive adult trauma patients with pelvic ring fractures undergoing surgical treatment were prospectively collected. Treatment consisted of iliosacral and/or transsacral screws with or without anterior fixation.

Intervention:

Ten patients were treated with the assistance of a robotic arm. Eleven patients were treated with standard fluoroscopic techniques.

Main Outcome Measurements:

Thirty-two screws were placed and evaluated with postoperative computed tomography or O-arm spins to assess unplanned cortical or neuroforaminal violation. Violations were graded according to the Gertzbein and Robbins system for pedicle screw violation, categorizing screw violation in 2-mm increments. The postoperative images were blindly reviewed by 5 fellowship-trained orthopaedic traumatologists. The treating surgeon was excluded from review.

Results:

The Mann–Whitney U test on the Gertzbein and Robbins system results demonstrated significantly (P = 0.02) fewer violations with robotic assistance. χ2 analysis of whether there was a cortical violation of any distance demonstrated significantly (P = 0.003) fewer cortical violations with robotic assistance. There were no neurovascular injuries in either group.

Conclusion:

Robotic assistance demonstrated significantly fewer unplanned cortical or neuroforaminal violations. Further research is needed with additional surgeons and sites to evaluate the accuracy of iliosacral and transsacral screw placement with robotic assistance.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic, level II.
Preclinical Study on a Novel Fluoroderivative of Dabigatran Etexilate in Animal Models
Authors: Ren Yujie , Li Chunlei , Zhang Yujia
Published: October 2023

Here, the fluorinated derivative, R1, was synthesized from the fluorinated dabigatran derivative (R0). The in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of orally administered R1, R0 injection, and dabigatran etexilate in rats were compared. Safety evaluation results showed no significant changes in the QRS wave or PR and QT intervals in rat lead II electrocardiograms. The possible toxicity of R1 was studied using the limit test method, and no obvious toxicity occurred in mice after the acute oral administration of R1. R1 inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, had an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid and adenosine diphosphate, could significantly prolong prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, and increased fibrinogen levels. R1 is the optimal candidate compound from among more than 100 candidate compounds designed and synthesized by our research group. It was first selected through preliminary in vitro anticoagulant activity screening and further through in vivo mouse activity testing. A systematic pharmacodynamic study showed that R1 was superior to the raw material drug dabigatran ester; particularly, the absolute bioavailability of R1 increased by 206%, and this can overcome the low bioavailability defect associated with the marketed drug dabigatran ester. Another safety assessment of R1 indicated that there were no risks of acute poisoning in rats and cardiac toxicity in mice or rats. Therefore, R1 can be considered a new candidate anticoagulant compound with great potential and significance for further clinical research.
The value of the International Association for the Study of Pain to developing countries
Authors: Soyannwo Olaitan , Chaudakshetrin Pongparadee , Garcia João Batista
Published: October 2023

Since it was founded, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has been at the forefront of improving pain research, education, and effective pain management in both developed and developing countries. As IASP activities progressed, major differences between the practice of pain management, education, and research in developed countries compared with developing countries were identified. This led to areas of focus by IASP that included pain education to address poor knowledge of pain assessment and treatment, prioritization of pain management by governments and official national legislation and programs, and availability of pain treatments (especially potent analgesics). A few pioneering IASP members from developing countries in the early years encouraged more multidisciplinary professionals to join IASP and attend conferences. Inauguration of national and regional chapters was also encouraged, and regular continuing medical education programs were held, especially on topics from IASP conferences and global pain events. Many IASP chapters in developing countries have established collaborations with groups from developed countries, whereas IASP also implemented other innovative approaches including the developing countries working group, educational grants, pain camps, and multidisciplinary pain hubs with toolkits to develop pain experts for regions in the developing world. Thus, the influence of IASP in many developing countries has had a multiplier effect on the progress made in effective pain management, education, and research. Nonetheless, challenges remain and include better integration of pain management, education, and research in national health systems and academic programs for health professionals.
Diagnostic test accuracy of preoperative nutritional screening tools in adults for malnutrition: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Cheung Helen Hoi Ting , Joynt Gavin Matthew , Lee Anna
Published: October 2023

Background:

Good nutritional screening tests can triage malnourished patients for further assessment and management by dietitians before surgery to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. We assessed the diagnostic test accuracy of common nutritional screening tools for preoperative malnutrition in adults undergoing surgery and determined which test had the highest accuracy.

Methods:

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched for relevant titles with no language restriction from inception till January 1, 2023. Studies reporting on the diagnostic test accuracy of preoperative malnutrition in adults using one or more of the following index nutritional screening tools were included: Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), short-form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), Nutrition Risk Screening Tool 2002 (NRS-2002), and Preoperative Nutrition Screening (PONS). The reference standard was the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) before surgery. Random-effects bivariate binomial model meta-analyses, meta-regressions and a network meta-analysis were used to estimate the pooled and relative sensitivities and specificities.

Results:

Of 16 included studies (5695 participants with 11,957 index and 11,957 SGA tests), all were conducted after hospital admission before surgery. Eleven studies (n=3,896) were at high risk of bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool due to a lack of blinded assessments. MUST had the highest overall test accuracy performance (sensitivity 86%, 95% CI 75% to 93%; specificity 89%, 95% CI 83% to 93%). Network meta-analysis showed NRI had similar relative sensitivity (0.93, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.13) but lower relative specificity (0.75, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.92) than MUST.

Conclusions:

Of all easy-to-use tests applicable at the bedside, MUST had the highest test accuracy performance for screening preoperative malnutrition. However its predictive accuracy is likely insufficient to justify the application of nutritional optimization interventions without additional assessments.
The impact of Pilates exercise for depression symptoms in female patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ju Mingxiao , Zhang Zhennan , Tao Xiaojie , Lin Yong , Gao Lili , Yu Wenbing
Published: October 2023

Background:

The Pilates exercise has recently become an increasingly popular way of exercise in female patients since it is an attractive and low-cost physical exercise modality. Pilates may be a beneficial method of exercise for female patients with depression and anxiety symptoms. However, to date, there has been no attempt to collate this literature. This review aims to systematically assess and meta-analyze the efficacy of Pilates exercise for female patients with depression and anxiety symptoms and inform evidence-based guidelines for exercise prescription.

Methods:

Five electronic databases (Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) were systematically searched up to January 2023 to examine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focused on the effects of Pilates exercise for female patients with depressive disorders and individuals with elevated levels of depression were included. The primary outcomes were the severity of depression, and the secondary outcomes were anxiety. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 15.1 software with a 95% confidence interval (Registration number: CRD42023426522), and the PEDRO Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias for RCT.

Results:

18 RCTs with 827 female patients were included. The methodological quality of the RCTs was considered an A level in 4 studies, B level in 13, studies, and C level in 1 study investigation. The meta-analysis showed that there was moderate evidence for the Pilates exercise significantly improved the severity of depression symptoms (SMD = –0.73; 95% CI –0.86 to –0.59; P < .01) and anxiety symptoms (SMD = –0.62; 95% CI –0.79 to –0.46; P < .01).

Conclusions:

Pilates exercise could reduce levels of depression and anxiety in female patients with depression and anxiety symptoms. Pilates exercise can be used as a potential ancillary program to improve depression and anxiety symptoms for female patients.
Lower vitamin D levels are associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Topalova-Dimitrova Antonia , Dimitrov Ivan Valentinov , Nikolov Rosen
Published: October 2023

Vitamin D plays a role in regulating immune homeostasis, inflammation and has an impact on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IBD has a multifactorial pathogenesis primarily associated with immune dysregulation, dysbiosis, structurally altered intestinal mucosa, and genetic factors. The immunomodulatory function of this vitamin is linked to its control over innate and adaptive immunity, facilitated through its nuclear vitamin D receptor, leading to the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B. This study aimed to investigate serum vitamin D levels in patients with IBD compared to healthy individuals and to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and inflammatory markers. Cross-sectional study. The study included 106 participants divided into 2 groups: patients with IBD (92), and healthy controls (14). The diagnosis of IBD was based on clinical, laboratory, fecal, endoscopic, and histological findings, following the European guidelines for diagnosis and follow-up ECCO-ESGAR guidelines for diagnostic assessment of IBD from 2019. Serum vitamin D levels were measured along with laboratory tests, imaging, and endoscopic examinations. IBD activity was evaluated using the Montreal classification and clinical and endoscopic indices. Data analysis involved calculating the mean, minimum, and maximum values, standard deviation, and Pearson coefficient. The level of statistical significance for this study was set at P < .05. The study found a prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in 32.6% of patients with IBD, while 66.3% had insufficiency, as compared with healthy individuals. The mean levels of vitamin D in UC and CD were 16 ± 8.6 ng/mL, whereas in the control healthy group, they were 26 ± 9.73 ng/mL. A statistically significant reverse correlation was observed between lower vitamin D levels and higher levels of the inflammatory markers. The study concluded that IBD patients exhibit lower levels of vitamin D, which is associated with inflammation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
The Relationship of Vaccine Uptake and COVID-19 Infections Among Nursing Home Staff and Residents in Missouri: A Measure of Risk by Community Mobility
Authors: Scroggins Stephen , Little Germysha , Okala Odiraa , Ellis Matthew , Shacham Enbal
Published: October 2023

Background:

As the COVID-19 pandemic progressed across the United States, older adults living in nursing home (NH) facilities were disproportionately affected because of living in communal spaces with close proximity to others, age-related medical conditions, and constant contact with staff who may support multiple clients and facilities. While these populations are particularly at risk, there has been limited research focused on the management of the potential vectors of COVID-19 infection.

Methods:

Data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) COVID-19 reporting system assessing weekly observations of COVID-19 case counts among NH residents and COVID-19 vaccination rates among NH staff and residents in the states of Missouri and Illinois (n = 877) from May 24, 2021, to August 28, 2021, were used. This ecological study, using results from the CMS COVID-19 reporting system, local COVID-19 rates, and NH-level demographic characteristics, conducted a zero inflation mode to determine the association between NH staff vaccine uptake and COVID-19 cases among NH residents.

Results:

Among the total 11 195 weekly observations within the NH facilities, zero cases of COVID-19 were reported during 10 683 (95%) of those weeks, supporting the use of a zero-inflated model. Results show that staff vaccination rates were significantly associated with a decrease in COVID-19 mortality. This study identified that for every percentage increase in staff vaccine coverage, the rate of COVID-19 among residents decreased by 2%.

Discussion:

These findings suggest that NH staff vaccination rates are significantly associated with the rate of COVID-19 outbreaks among NH residents. Community median income was associated with an increased likelihood of infection. Future research that explores associations with employment benefits and staff mobility, particularly in vulnerable populations, should be implemented in future vaccination strategic planning.
Comparing Cancer Incidence in an Observational Cohort of Medicaid Beneficiaries With and Without HIV, 2001–2015
Authors: Rudolph Jacqueline E. , Calkins Keri L. , Xu Xiaoqiang , Wentz Eryka , Pirsl Filip , Visvanathan Kala , Lau Bryan , Joshu Corinne E.
Published: October 2023

Background:

Life expectancy among people with HIV (PWH) is increasing, making chronic conditions—including cancer—increasingly relevant. Among PWH, cancer burden has shifted from AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) toward non–AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs).

Setting:

We described incidence of cancer in a claims-based cohort of Medicaid beneficiaries. We included 43,426,043 Medicaid beneficiaries (180,058 with HIV) from 14 US states, aged 18–64, with >6 months of enrollment (with no dual enrollment in another insurance) and no evidence of a prveious cancer.

Methods:

We estimated cumulative incidence of site-specific cancers, NADCs, and ADCs, by baseline HIV status, using age as the time scale and accounting for death as a competing risk. We compared cumulative incidence across HIV status to estimate risk differences. We examined cancer incidence overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, and calendar period.

Results:

PWH had a higher incidence of ADCs, infection-related NADCs, and death. For NADCs such as breast, prostate, and colon cancer, incidence was similar or higher among PWH below age 50, but higher among those without HIV by age 65. Incidence of lung and head and neck cancer was always higher for female beneficiaries with HIV, whereas the curves crossed for male beneficiaries. We saw only small differences in incidence trends by race/ethnicity.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest an increased risk of certain NADCs at younger ages among PWH, even when compared against other Medicaid beneficiaries, and highlight the importance of monitoring PWH for ADCs and NADCs. Future work should explore possible mechanisms explaining the differences in incidence for specific cancer types.
Respiratory syncytial virus in children: epidemiology and clinical impact post-COVID-19
Authors: Rice Emily , Oakes Daniel B. , Holland Charlie , Moore Hannah C. , Blyth Christopher C.
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. RSV seasonality was disrupted by COVID-19-associated nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We review RSV seasonality, molecular epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and community awareness to inform future prevention strategies.

Recent findings

An initial reduction of RSV disease observed with NPIs, and subsequent global resurgence was associated with a collapse in genetic diversity. A lack of immunity is suggested to have contributed to the resurgence of RSV cases experienced post COVID-19. The median age of children admitted with RSV increased during the resurgence, likely secondary to the expanded cohort of RSV-immune naive children. The pandemic also played a role in increased community awareness, which can be utilized as part of a coordinated public health effort to introduce prevention strategies. Further education on signs and symptoms of RSV is still required.

mAbs and maternal vaccines targeting RSV have the potential to reduce paediatric morbidity, however this new era of RSV prevention will require ongoing research to facilitate community awareness and engagement, and better respiratory surveillance. Tackling the global burden of RSV will require a coordinated effort and measures to ensure access and affordability of new prevention strategies.
Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy With Immediate Reconstruction After Breast-Conserving Therapy and Radiation
Authors: King Caroline A. , Bartholomew Alex J. , Dabic Stefan , Sogunro Olutayo , Perez-Alvarez Idanis M. , Welschmeyer Alexandra F. , Sosin Michael , Thibodeau Renee M. , Fan Kenneth L. , Song David H. , Greenwalt Ian T. , Tousimis Eleni A.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) offers improved, patient-centered outcomes with demonstrated oncologic safety (Ann Surg Oncol 2020;27:344–351). Indications for NSM continue to expand to patients outside of the traditional eligibility criteria, including those with prior breast-conserving therapy (BCT) with radiotherapy. Currently, limited data exist evaluating both short- and long-term outcomes in patients proceeding to NSM after prior BCT.

Methods

All patients undergoing bilateral NSM in a single institution from 2002 through 2017 with history of prior BCT were included in the final cohort, without exclusions. A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patient demographics, operative details, and complications. Outcomes assessed included early complications (<30 days from NSM), late complications (>30 days), rates of prosthetic failure, unplanned reoperations, and reconstructive failures, as well as oncologic safety. Student t, χ2, and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze outcomes of paired (BCT vs non-BCT) breasts within each patient.

Results

A total of 17 patients undergoing 34 NSMs were included. Each had a history of BCT and either ipsilateral breast recurrence (64.7%), risk-reducing NSM (23.5%), or a new contralateral primary cancer (11.8%). The cohort had a mean age of 51.1 years. With regard to acute complications (ischemia, infection, nipple-areolar complex or flap ischemia or necrosis, and wound dehiscence), there was no significant difference noted between breasts with prior BCT versus no prior BCT overall (41.2% vs 35.3%, respectively; P = 0.724). Complications occurring after 30 days postoperatively (capsular contracture, contour abnormality, animation deformity, bottoming out, rotation, and rippling) in prior BCT breasts versus no prior BCT had no significant differences overall (58.8% vs 41.2% respectively; P = 0.303). The mean follow-up was 5.5 years, during which no patients had a reported locoregional or distant recurrence in either breast.

Conclusions

No significant differences in early or late complications were identified between breasts in patients undergoing bilateral NSM with a history of unilateral BCT and XRT. In the 5.5 years of follow-up, there were no recurrences, lending support to NSM for management of recurrent disease in addition to National Comprehensive Cancer Network–recommended total mastectomy. We propose that NSM should not be contraindicated in patients exposed to radiation with BCT.
TRAUMA-INDUCED COAGULOPATHY: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Authors: Buzzard Lydia , Schreiber Martin
Published: October 2023

Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is a global inflammatory state accompanied by coagulation derangements, acidemia, and hypothermia, that occurs after traumatic injury. It occurs in approximately 25% of severely-injured patients, and its incidence is directly related to injury severity. The mechanism of TIC is multi-faceted; proposed contributing factors include dysregulation of activated protein C, increased tPA, systemic endothelial activation, decreased fibrinogen, clotting factor consumption, and platelet dysfunction. Effects of TIC include systemic inflammation, coagulation derangements, acidemia, and hypothermia. TIC may be diagnosed by conventional coagulation tests including platelet count, Clauss assay, INR, thrombin time, PT, and aPTT; viscoelastic hemostatic assays such as thrombelastography (TEG) and rotational thrombelastography (ROTEM), or by a clinical scoring system known as the Trauma Induced Coagulopathy Clinical Score (TICCS). Preventing TIC begins in the prehospital phase with early hemorrhage control, blood product resuscitation, and TXA therapy. Early administration of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) is also being studied in the prehospital environment. The mainstays of TIC treatment include hemorrhage control, blood and component transfusions, and correction of abnormalities such as hypocalcemia, acidosis, and hypothermia.
Brief Report: Nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among community-dwelling older adults with comorbidities seeking follow up medical care in Central Sri Lanka.
Authors: Iqbal Ifaaz , Sabri Zeenath , Illangasinghe Adithya , Isurindi Ashini , Jayakodi Rashmi , Jayasekara Wasana , Jayarathna Kaveesha , Jayasinghe Nanduni , Ishani Mekhala , Jayasekara Ishan , Handapangoda Nelum , Menike Dilrukshi , Dissanayake Rasadanie , Ekanayake Asela , Liyanapathirana Veranja
Published: October 2023

Older adults are more severely affected by infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We aimed to identify the MRSA colonization rates and associated factors among older adults aged more than 65-years-old. Among the 309 recruited, 152 (49.2%) were males. Self-collected nasal swabs were used to isolate Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA with routine microbiological methods. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 36 (11.7%) participants while 11 (3.6%) were colonized with MRSA. We identified a significant association between the male sex and MRSA colonization (p=0.028, Chi-square test). Other factors studied had no statistically significant association with MRSA colonization.
Bacillus changyiensis sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment
Authors: Xiao Guiqian , Lai Qiliang , Li Guangyu , Wang Shanshan , Lin Yunyong , Shao Zongze , Hu Zhong
Published: October 2023

Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated CLL-3-40T and CLL-7-23, were isolated from coastal sediment sampled in Changyi, Shandong Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains were related to the genus

Bacillus

and close to six type strains of species within the

Bacillus licheniformis

group. In phenotypic characterization tests, strain CLL-3-40T could grow at 15–50 °C (optimum, 37 °C) and in media with pH 5–9 (optimum pH 7.0), and tolerate up to 12 % (w/v) NaCl. The fermentation broth supernatant extracted by ethyl acetate of strain CLL-3-40T could inhibit aquaculture pathogenic vibrios. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CLL-3-40T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (30.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (31.5 %); the peptidoglycan from cell-wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; the predominant quinone was menaquinone 7; and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization values and average nucleotide identities among strains CLL-3-40T and CLL-7-23 and their close type strains were less than 21.9 and 48.4 %, respectively, thereby indicating that strain CLL-3-40T should represent a novel species of the genus

Bacillus

. The genomic DNA G+C contents were 38.4 mol% in strain CLL-3-40T and 38.3 mol% in strain CLL-7-23. The 12 biosynthetic gene clusters of strain CLL-3-40T were predicted based on results from the online server antiSMASH. Based upon the consensus of phenotypic and genotypic results, strain CLL-3-40T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus

Bacillus

, for which the name Bacillus changyiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CLL-3-40T (= MCCC 1A14857T=JCM 35755T).