bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Mining Extraction on Above-Ground Pipelines
Authors: Kalisz Piotr
Published: November 2019

The issue of the impact of subsoil deformations on above-ground steel pipelines, especially district heating pipelines, located in mining areas in Poland was discussed. The pipelines constructed from steel pipes joined by welding and supported by slide, guide and fixed rigid supports were taken into account. Expansion joints in district heating pipelines are installed due to significant changes in their length caused by temperature changes. Subsoil deformations in mining areas cause displacements of supports and thus pipelines are subjected to additional displacements, forces and bending moments. Pipelines are protected against this impact by the use of additional expansion joints or expansion joints with an increased operating range. In the article, the way of assessing the possibility of transferring mining deformations of the subsoil by existing above-ground pipelines was presented. Evaluation of the possibility considers: a. the assessment of the technical condition of the pipelines and supports based on the conducted inventory in the field, b. the assessment of the current ability to transmit the subsoil deformations by expansion joints, c. the kinematic analysis of the pipelines, taking into account the extreme values of support displacements, resulting from predicted values of mining deformations of the subsoil, d. the static and strength analysis for selected elements or sections of the pipelines.
Panel Analysis to Investigate the Relationship Between Economic Growth, Import, Consumption of Materials and Energy
Authors: Bluszcz Anna , Manowska Anna
Published: November 2019

Nature conservation, or the preservation of the natural capital, is an important factor in ensuring prosperity for present and future generations. The essence of the concept of sustainable development is to ensure the use of natural resources in such a way that society‘s needs can be met most effectively while maintaining the possibility of biological regeneration of the environment. This concept does not mean abandoning the production and consumption of goods but indicates the need for a number of structural and technological changes that will allow for the relatively smallest depreciation of natural capital. An effective tool for monitoring progress in this area can be the continuously developed material flow account. Studies indicate that in highly developed countries GDP growth is possible with a relatively smaller increase in material demand and energy use. The aim of the article is to examine the dependencies that occur between the GDP growth rate and the growth rate of imports of goods and services, while reducing energy consumption and consumption of materials. The study was based on data concerning the economies of selected European Union and Poland. The article presents the method of modeling the decoupling phenomenon using the panel data technique.
The Database for The Processing of Environmental Data
Authors: Chuchro Monika , Sarlej Wojciech
Published: November 2019

The main purpose of the research was to design a database for collected measurements of the Computer System for Monitoring River Embankments (ISMOP) project. The ISMOP project aimed to conduct research on comprehensive monitoring and forecasting the flood embankments condition. As a part of the project, measurement data were collected continuously, transformed, interpreted and analysed using computer simulations. The assumption of the database was to achieve high availability of data in a short time, allowing quick (in less than 15 minutes) decision about the state of the flood embankment. The warehouse project contains large amount of time series data sets, 2D numerical models, analysis results of flood embankments condition and additional measurements like thermographic simulations. Simple database structure was proposed. Data were loaded into small number of tables, data types were adjusted for high accessibility. Such structure allows to use quick data selection for analysis and visualization and prevents from unnecessary data redundancy. To effectively visualize and analyse sensor’s data an additional ArcGIS plugin tool was created. The plugin offers the spatial visualization functionality of sensor placement (2D and 3D views), their selection, distance and area measurements, statistical calculations and spatial analysis. The tool also provides ability of manual modification and exporting data into shape and spreadsheet files for further analysis. For the examples that were carried out, the database structure and the plugin were efficient and results were quickly achievable. Data were presented in a manageable way in form of 2D charts and 3D visualizations.
Parametric Analysis of Urban Flood Risk Based on ‘Shallow Water’ Model; a Real Case at Small Scale
Authors: Pasculli Antonio , Cinosi Jacopo , D’Ettorre Alain , Sciarra Nicola
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we examined the increased risk of urban flooding due to incorrect or insufficient maintenance of small hydrological basins. In particular, the effects of a peak rainfall event on a water drainage canal near to a town in central Italy were considered. By means of the RiverFlow2D commercial computational software, the Shallow water technique was chosen, which is based on the Finite Volume Element and on the Godunov-Riemann technique. We also experimented with parallel computing, by performing the same calculations with GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) and we were able to significantly reduce the total time by 80 times. The study area is located in Pianello di Ostra district (Ancona, Marche, Italy). The peak rain data, which is publicly available, were recorded by the Corinaldo pluviometric station (9.1 km from the area) between April 26th and May 2nd 2014 and it caused a subsequent flooding event lasting two days. We integrated pluviometric data with available cartography, a rigorous site inspection, interviews with inhabitants and a high-resolution topographic survey (30 x 30 cm) acquired with a drone. To process rainfall data, we selected the Curve-Number (CN) empirical method, developed by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (SCS). The parametric simulations on Fosso della Trocca basin were performed considering both pre-flooding maintenance state, with obstructions of the channel and the presence of a small bridge, and optimal maintenance state, with no obstructions and no bridge. The computer-simulated depth of the flooding water was compatible with what was observed during the real flood. Thus, the effects of increasingly intense rainfall events were estimated. However, we found that threshold values exist above which no ordinary maintenance is sufficient to avoid flooding phenomena.
Necessity of 3D Cadaster and Possible Cases
Authors: Mickrenska-Cherneva Christina , Nikolov Kostadin
Published: November 2019

The paper describes the current state of cadaster and land registration in Bulgaria. The objects of cadaster are clarified. The necessity of information about rights, restriction and responsibilities increases in complex spatial situations. After a brief review of cadastral and land registration legislation, the possibility of future development of a 3D presentation of the cadastral objects is presented, taking into account the current state of the cadastral system in Bulgaria. The prerequisites, the possibilities and the means for application of 3D cadaster in Bulgaria are clarified and the challenges to its realization. Problems concerning the design of an efficient system for land administration, possible technologies and standards for realization of 3D cadaster are described. The possible data sets, in accordance with ISO 19152, which should be present in the realization of 3D cadaster in Bulgaria are analyzed. In addition to the data from the digital model of the cadaster, specialized data is also needed. Some of the specialized objects require a three-dimensional representation, which is a prerequisite for 3D cadaster development. Many of the various specialized objects impose restrictions on land immovables, even though the presence of the object itself is not required. Schematically are described the necessary steps to go through to unify data and achieve interoperability.
Nonlinear finite element analysis of stress-strain state of plate-rod reinforced concrete structures under the action of bending and torsion
Authors: Tamrazyan A G , Kharun M
Published: November 2019

In this study, loadings of plate-rod structures were considered, causing a complex stress state, which are exposed to significant external forces applied outside the plane, causing torsion of the structure as a whole. An analysis of the stress-strain state of a plate-rod reinforced concrete truss with regard to concrete creep is given. The core and volumetric models and the calculation of the plate-rod trusses in the ANSYS software package taking into account the creep of concrete are created, the results of computer calculations and the comparative characteristics of the results obtained are presented. The forces in the truss elements from the load located in its plane are determined by any method known from structural mechanics for the calculation of plate-rod systems. External torques that act on the structure are balanced in the amount of reactive support torques. The calculation of the strength of elements of reinforced concrete plate-rod trusses is carried out for sections that are normal to their longitudinal axis, and also for sections of the most dangerous direction that are inclined to it. Calculation of the plate-rod trusses under the action of bending and torque is associated with the determination of the twist angle of the truss sections or with the determination of its torsional stiffness.
Hyper plasticizers and basalt fibers as the resistance of concrete that can be affected by vegetable oils
Authors: Gamal T S F , Chiadighikaobi P C
Published: November 2019

With the development of the agro-industrial complex and the construction of enterprises for processing oleaginous crops, the issue of protecting construction structures from the effects of oil arises. The negative effect of the oils on concrete and reinforced concrete leads to the reduction of reliability and durability of constructions in general, and to different accidents or unscheduled repairs at processing enterprises. In the experimental study of the effective ways to increase the durability of concrete and concrete structures due to the use of modern plasticizing additives, basalt fiber and finely dispersed fillers has been determined. The obtained results of the research can be used in the design of reinforced concrete structures operated with the growth of vegetable or mineral oils, as well as for practical purposes when carrying out a technical survey at industrial plants where vegetable or mineral oil is produced. Basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) is suggested to be a solution to the effect of oil on concrete. The properties and characteristics of basalt fibers give the fiber advantages when compared to other ways to curing or solving the effects of oil on concrete.
The method of displacements calculating in the joints of timber structures
Authors: Markovich A S , Abu Mahadi M , Gazizova S A , Miloserdova D A
Published: November 2019

This article is devoted to the peculiarities of calculating compliance modifications of the timber elements on mechanical linkages. Here we analyze in detail the method of C M Kochenov using in the design standards of the Russian Federation. This method allows to determine accurately the number of links that are able to resist the shear force in the linkage, however, this method does not include analyzing of shear deformation in modifications. And it is a disadvantage. In this article the author considers another approach, based on the idea of determining the shear deformation of the mechanical linkage, installed in the connection. To calculate the shear deformations of connections in the linkage it is necessary to conduct a preliminary analysis of the construction, to establish the type of connection and thickness of the connected elements, to determine the number of shear planes, the number of established joints and the level load on the joint. After determining these values, structural analysis design is performed. This article describes in detail the theoretical aspects of this method, used assumptions and limitations. It is considered a test case for validation of the considered methods. The FEM joints model is investigated. The forces and displacements of the bonds obtained by the FEM model are compared with the result of the theoretical calculation.
Development of methods for buildings calculation from sandwich panels for transformable low-rise buildings
Authors: Pleshivtsev A A , Abu Mahadi M I , Markovich A C , Chiadighikaobi P C
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on calculating the main loads of prefabricated low-rise buildings from sandwich panels of arbitrary structural elements and connections in the form of a rigid spatial system. The main objective of this research are the theoretical and experimental substantiation of rational parameters of quickly erected transformable low-rise buildings from sandwich panels for the development of optimal design solutions to ensure spatial rigidity. The research used empirical research method - observation, experiment, measurement, comparison and analysis. The quickly erected transformable low-rise buildings of sandwich panels, like a prismatic shell consisting in the transverse direction of two closed rectangular contours, can bear an arbitrary power load. Determination of the cost of materials for additional structural elements in the form of ties (embedded parts), combining the individual elements in a holistic design that provides spatial rigidity of the structure.
Development trends of residential buildings in Moscow city
Authors: Savelieva L , Kalinina N , Ogienko E
Published: November 2019

There is a large-scale construction of a new type of residential real estate – apartments in Moscow. The attractiveness of prices and the location of the complexes attract a huge number of buyers. Two terms: apartments and luxury housing become synonymous, but this is a misunderstanding and substitution of true concepts. The authors set the tasks to specify the definition of “apartments” in the understanding of specialists - architects; to identify the main features and parameters of this new for Russia concept; scientifically describe the main trends in the development of this type of real estate as a modern and relevant object of architectural design. Three types of apartments were determined as a result of the conducted analysis: apart-hotels; apartments in a multi-unit dwelling; “multi-form” apartments in a residential complex. It is revealed that the apartments are ranked by the convenience, size and quality of services provided. The authors identified the following classes: economy, comfort, business and elite. The article discusses some legislative nuances, design standards, engineering solutions for apartment buildings, as well as the features of their location in the structure of the city of Moscow.
Water supply and demand of the hydrographic demarcation of Manabi, Ecuador
Authors: Campos Cedeno A F , Valencia Zambrano X H , Cevallos Castro C A , Sinichenko E K , Gritsuk I I
Published: November 2019

Manabi is the only province in Ecuador that does not receive contribution of the runoff coming from the thaw of the snow-covered of the Andes mountain. This situation impacts severely on the agriculture activities. This study presents an estimate of water supply and demand of the Manabi hydrographic demarcation based on the hydro meteorological data and the water needs of the population by 2050. The research topic is very topical since it contributes to providing the necessary inputs for the planning and use of water resources in order to generate projects that tend to cover the current water deficit. The methodology used to estimate the water supply is based on the precipitation-runoff model proposed by the Soil Conservation Service of the United States of America. In fact, in spite of the annual volume of runoff has been estimated at 9658.83 hm3, against 2388.93 hm3, which is the average annual volume of water to meet the demands, from July to November it can be seen that the deficit reach at 330.27 hm3. The results obtained constitute a valuable tool for specialists and governmental and non-governmental institutions responsible for the control, planning and development of water resources in the region.
Electrohydraulic effect as an example of electrophysical technologies application in the oil industry
Authors: Drozdov A N , Narozhnyy I M , Pak D X , Ludupov V B , Zemlianskii G S
Published: November 2019

This work was devoted to studies of electrohydraulic effect applicability in the oil industry. The major aim was to determine if the effect would be really useful in cleaning field pipelines from different precipitations such as calcium and barium sulphates, calcium and magnesium carbonates, sodium chloride salts and also tar and paraffin. In addition to it, another fields of possible applicability of the electrohydraulic effect were supposed to be find. Realisation of purposes put was achieved though reconstituting Lev Yutkin’s layout for electrohydraulic impact and conducting several special experiments. Their thoughtful description with necessary accompanying illustrations can be find at the pages of this article. Results of experiments carried out, have proved the electrohydraulic impact effectiveness as a mean for cleaning pipes. Moreover, some results gave a reason to think that the effect worth applying to for increasing of the wellbore zone permeability as well as for extracting of solid minerals.
Classification of Parkinson disease data with artificial neural networks
Authors: Yasar A , Saritas I , Sahman M A , Cinar A C
Published: November 2019

An artificial neural network system has been developed to detect Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Three samples were taken from each patient and included in the system. The importance of the study is based on the development and use of a new subject-based ANN approach that takes into account the dependent nature of the data in a replicated measure-based design. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, an audio replication-based experiment was performed to differentiate healthy people from PD patients. The UCI Experiment consisted of 80 subjects, half of whom were affected by PD. Although the proposed system has a reduced number of subjects, the system is able to distinguish people with PD from an acceptable degree of healthy people with an accuracy rate of 94.93% in an artificial neural network.
Prospects for development of high-temperature evaporative cooling systems of internal combustion engines with increased temperatures of the cooling body
Authors: Konoplev V , Bogdanov V , Melnikov Z , Belitsky G
Published: November 2019

The article deals with issues related to the development of the high-temperature evaporative cooling (HTEC) systems of internal combustion engines (ICE). These systems can transfer the proportion of heat that flows to the ICE into the cooling system. HTEC systems are usually part of the integrated heat recovery (IHR) systems based on large-piston ICEs. It is proposed to improve the efficiency of the operation of the HTEC systems, as well the IHR systems on their basis, by a significant increase in the temperature of the cooling body in the cooling jacket up to 200°C and even 350°C. The increased coolant temperature causes a decrease in the power of the heat fluxes from the heated surfaces thus causing the engine overheat. This reduction can be compensated by increasing the area of the cooled surfaces of the sleeves and cylinder heads. To test the theoretical proposals, a working ICE model equipped with the HTEC-based IHR system was developed. The results of its bed tests are provided. During the experiments, the temperature of the coolant in the cooling jacket reached 204°C, with the engine performance remaining stable.
Creation of a design methodology for crank punching machines of specified durability
Authors: Thet Paing , Kyaw Zaya , Kornilova A V
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the main aspects of designing large-forging equipment of given durability on the example of crank punching machines. A scientifically based algorithm is proposed to ensure reliable operation of the structure operating in the field of high-cycle fatigue. An example of calculations is given when designing a bed for a crank hot forging press (CHFP) and a crank plate forging press defined durability on the basis of existing structures.
Mathematical model of building envelope element insolation
Authors: Kopytov N P , Mityushov E A , Misyura N E , Berestova S A
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the problem of estimation of building envelope oriented element insolation by direct sunlight is solved using mathematical model of Earth’s rotation. Quaternions are used as mathematical tool for description of rotation. The model allows to obtain automatically estimation of building element insolation by direct sunlight for given latitude and given time interval (month, week, day, etc.). The model takes into account schedule of change of day and night, change of direct sunlight angle on a given element of the surface caused by sun motion over horizon (changes of its height and azimuth during time of day). Distinctive feature of the model is simplicity of program-algorithmic implementation due to using description of rotation by means of quaternions.
Stress and strain intensity factors within angle area of the boundary
Authors: Frishter L U
Published: November 2019

Stress and strain state of the designs and structures within the area (zone) with angle cutouts, boundary cuts are characterized by emergence of the stress concentration areas and requires assessment of strength and reliability of facilities that is an actual task of the engineering practice. The theoretical study of stress and strain state within angle cutouts of the boundary area is reduced to research of singular solutions for the elastic problem with power singularity. Moreover, definition of stress or strain concentration in the non-regular point of the area boundary loses its significance. The stress and strain state within angle cutout top of the plane area boundary, which is recorded with use of intensity factor, is considered in the article. Two approaches to obtaining of formula for displacements and stresses within non-regular point of the plane area boundary with use of the stress and strain intensity factor are given. A difference in formula of stresses and displacement obtained for the limit values of stress and strain determine the practical significance of the work during experiments and determination of critical values for stress and strain.
Control method of high-precision soft docking of moving objects using low-accurate values of relative speed and distance
Authors: Mukhametzyanov I A , Chekmareva O I
Published: November 2019

An analytical expression is constructed for the main vector of control forces, providing the pursuit of an unpredictably moving object with the purpose of shockless high-precision docking with it or its shockless capture in a finite period of time using low-accurate values of the measured relative velocity and distance. The constructed control ensures the pursuit of the goal on the principle of proportional navigation, brings the pursuing point in a finite time to the “initial position”, which provides the possibility of reducing the distance to the target, and then ensures the subsequent sliding movement of a point from the “initial position” along the line of discontinuity to the origin of the phase coordinate system. To solve the problem with large relative measurement errors, it was proposed to construct a continuous part of the control force, which provides the process of sliding movement of the representative point along the line of discontinuity, as a function, depending on the current values of the relative velocity and distance. The article also analyzes the issue related to the expansion of the class of control forces by introducing some positive parameter in the expression for the continuous component of the control force. The choice of this parameter affects the duration of the rapprochement of the pursued and pursuing points.
Efficiency of a thermal machine with final processing time
Authors: Rudoy Yu G , Chekmareva O I
Published: November 2019

The Novikov and Curzon-Ahlborn approaches which lead to the improving of the classical Carnot effectiveness expression in the direction of its diminishing were studied in this paper. This effect is due to the account for finite time of non-isothermic processes of the heat exchange which lead to the non-zero values of the thermal machine output power. Obvious expressions for these values are found in both analytic and graphical forms.
Fullerenes as solitons in chiral model of graphene
Authors: Rybakov Yu P , Umar M
Published: November 2019

Taking into account the sp
2- hybridization effect for valence electrons in carbon atoms, we introduce a unitary matrix U as an order parameter and suggest a scalar chiral model of graphene for the description of graphene-like configurations. Using the well-known hedgehog ansatz for modeling Fullerene C
60, we estimate the polarizability of a single Fullerene specie in a uniform external electric field. Finally, we use this result for calculating the parameters of the van der Waals potential for the two interacting Fullerene species.
Shells analysis in orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system with variation-difference method
Authors: Ivanov V N , Shmeleva A A
Published: November 2019

The variation-difference method is a convenient numerical method for shells of complex forms. It is enough when only cinematic boundary conditions are satisfied because the method is based on the principle of Lagrange. Another advantage of the variation-difference method is the better opportunity to create computer programs based on it. For shell analysis in orthogonal coordinate system as well as for shell analysis in principal curvatures the system of equations describing stress-strain state can be simplified. In this paper the difference between analysis in orthogonal coordinate system and analysis in principal curvatures of the surface is considered. The main distinction of the analysis of shells in orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system is the necessity of determination of components which include curvature of torsion of coordinate lines. The addition of these components in the equations of the theory of shells for the coordinate system in principal curvatures gives possibility to analyze shells in common orthogonal coordinate system. In this article shell analysis in orthogonal coordinate system is applied to shells based on normal cyclic surfaces.
Clinical Features of Patients With Acute Aortic Dissection After an Earthquake: Experience from the Kumamoto Earthquake 2016
Authors: Komorita Takashi , Fujisue Koichiro , Sueta Daisuke , Sakamoto Kenji , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Hashimoto Yoichiro , Sakamoto Tomohiro , Tsunoda Ryusuke , Uesugi Hideyuki , Suzuki Ryusuke , Naito Hisaki , Hanzawa Kazuhiko , Araki Eiichi , Nakayama Hideki , Kasaoka Shunji , Hokimoto Seiji , Fukui Toshihiro , Tsujita Kenichi
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

While there is a concern about the increase in the occurrence of acute aortic dissection (AAD) caused by the worsening of hypertension, mental stress, etc., there is a lack of data regarding the influence of disasters on this event. The aim of this study was to address this issue in the acute–subacute phase after the Kumamoto Earthquake occurred on 14 April 2016.

METHODS

We retrospectively investigated the impacts of the Kumamoto Earthquake on various cardiovascular diseases, including AAD, utilizing the medical records of patients in 16 hospitals in Kumamoto Prefecture during the period from 14 April to 30 June (78 days) in 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017.

RESULTS

The occurrence of heart failure and venous thromboembolism increased significantly in the acute–subacute phase after the earthquake. When comparing the earthquake year (2016) to the non-earthquake years (2014, 2015, and 2017), the difference in the occurrences and mortalities of AADs were not significant. When other characteristics of the patients were compared between the earthquake year and the non-earthquake years, there were no differences.

CONCLUSIONS

It might be possible that the Kumamoto Earthquake did not affect the incidence of AAD or deaths from AAD, possibly because the climate was mild and the preventive efforts based on previous experience were successful.

REGISTRATION

University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN)-CTR (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/).

IDENTIFIER

UMIN000023864.

PUBLIC ACCESS INFORMATION

Opt-out materials were available at the following website: http://www.kumadai-junnai.com/home/wp-content/uploads/shinsai.pdf.
Epigenome editing by CRISPR/Cas9 in clinical settings: possibilities and challenges
Authors: Pei Wen-Di , Zhang Yan , Yin Tai-Lang , Yu Yang
Published: November 2019

Epigenome editing is a promising approach for both basic research and clinical application. With the convergence of techniques from different fields, regulating gene expression artificially becomes possible. From a clinical point of view, targeted epigenome editing by CRISPR/Cas9 of disease-related genes offers novel therapeutic avenues for many diseases. In this review, we summarize the EpiEffectors used in epigenome editing by CRISPR/Cas9, current applications of epigenome editing and progress made in this field. Moreover, application challenges such as off-target effects, inefficient delivery, stability and immunogenicity are discussed. In conclusion, epigenome editing by CRISPR/Cas9 has broad prospects in the clinic, and future work will promote the application of this technology.
Revealing and Concealing Difference: A Critical Approach to Disclosure and an Intersectional Theory of “Closeting”
Authors: McDonald James , Harris Kate Lockwood , Ramirez Jessica
Published: November 2019

In this essay, we integrate communication research on difference, intersectionality, queer theory, and stigma to develop a critical approach to disclosure that is attentive to power dynamics. Our critical approach to disclosure centers closeting processes in relation to multiple stigmatized, non-normative, and invisible forms of difference, in addition to sexuality/gender. The theory of closeting that we developed contributes to existing disclosure research by (a) highlighting that intersecting forms of difference impact the implications of revealing and concealing information; (b) showing that normativity heavily influences which information is assumed and, therefore, need not be disclosed; (c) establishing that stigma shapes the positive and negative impacts of revelation and concealment; (d) demonstrating that disclosure can have political purposes; and (e) linking the individual, relational, organizational, political, and cultural implications of disclosure. We conclude by discussing the implications of our theory of closeting for scholars working within multiple subfields of communication studies.
Delineating the molecular and histological events that govern right ventricular recovery using a novel mouse model of pulmonary artery de-banding
Authors: Boehm Mario , Tian Xuefei , Mao Yuqiang , Ichimura Kenzo , Dufva Melanie J , Ali Khadem , Dannewitz Prosseda Svenja , Shi Yiwei , Kuramoto Kazuya , Reddy Sushma , Kheyfets Vitaly O , Metzger Ross J , Spiekerkoetter Edda
Published: November 2019

Aims

The temporal sequence of events underlying functional right ventricular (RV) recovery after improvement of pulmonary hypertension-associated pressure overload is unknown. We sought to establish a novel mouse model of gradual RV recovery from pressure overload and use it to delineate RV reverse-remodelling events.

Methods and results

Surgical pulmonary artery banding (PAB) around a 26-G needle induced RV dysfunction with increased RV pressures, reduced exercise capacity and caused liver congestion, hypertrophic, fibrotic, and vascular myocardial remodelling within 5 weeks of chronic RV pressure overload in mice. Gradual reduction of the afterload burden through PA band absorption (de-PAB)—after RV dysfunction and structural remodelling were established—initiated recovery of RV function (cardiac output and exercise capacity) along with rapid normalization in RV hypertrophy (RV/left ventricular + S and cardiomyocyte area) and RV pressures (right ventricular systolic pressure). RV fibrotic (collagen, elastic fibres, and vimentin+ fibroblasts) and vascular (capillary density) remodelling were equally reversible; however, reversal occurred at a later timepoint after de-PAB, when RV function was already completely restored. Microarray gene expression (ClariomS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) along with gene ontology analyses in RV tissues revealed growth factors, immune modulators, and apoptosis mediators as major cellular components underlying functional RV recovery.

Conclusion

We established a novel gradual de-PAB mouse model and used it to demonstrate that established pulmonary hypertension-associated RV dysfunction is fully reversible. Mechanistically, we link functional RV improvement to hypertrophic normalization that precedes fibrotic and vascular reverse-remodelling events.
ECCO Guidelines on Therapeutics in Crohn’s Disease: Surgical Treatment
Authors: Adamina Michel , Bonovas Stefanos , Raine Tim , Spinelli Antonino , Warusavitarne Janindra , Armuzzi Alessandro , Bachmann Oliver , Bager Palle , Biancone Livia , Bokemeyer Bernd , Bossuyt Peter , Burisch Johan , Collins Paul , Doherty Glen , El-Hussuna Alaa , Ellul Pierre , Fiorino Gionata , Frei-Lanter Cornelia , Furfaro Federica , Gingert Christian , Gionchetti Paolo , Gisbert Javier P , Gomollon Fernando , González Lorenzo Marien , Gordon Hannah , Hlavaty Tibor , Juillerat Pascal , Katsanos Konstantinos , Kopylov Uri , Krustins Eduards , Kucharzik Torsten , Lytras Theodore , Maaser Christian , Magro Fernando , Marshall John Kenneth , Myrelid Pär , Pellino Gianluca , Rosa Isadora , Sabino Joao , Savarino Edoardo , Stassen Laurents , Torres Joana , Uzzan Mathieu , Vavricka Stephan , Verstockt Bram , Zmora Oded
Published: November 2019

This article is the second in a series of two publications relating to the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] evidence-based consensus on the management of Crohn’s disease. The first article covers medical management; the present article addresses surgical management, including preoperative aspects and drug management before surgery. It also provides technical advice for a variety of common clinical situations. Both articles together represent the evidence-based recommendations of the ECCO for Crohn’s disease and an update of previous guidelines.
A new crustal shear-velocity model in Southwest China from joint seismological inversion and its implications for regional crustal dynamics
Authors: Yang Yan , Yao Huajian , Wu Hanxiao , Zhang Ping , Wang Maomao
Published: November 2019

Southwest (SW) China is located in a transition site from the active Tibetan Plateau to the stable Yangtze craton, which has complicated tectonic deformation and severe seismic hazards. We combine data from ambient noise, teleseismic body and surface waves, and petroleum wells to better constrain the crustal shear-velocity structure in SW China. We jointly invert the Rayleigh wave dispersion (5–40 s period), Rayleigh wave ZH ratio (20–60 s period), and P-wave receiver function for 114 permanent stations with a stepwise linearized joint inversion method. Compared to previous tomography results, we observe higher shear velocity in the sedimentary rocks within the Sichuan Basin, which is consistent with sonic logging measurements. Our model reveals widespread low-velocity zones in the mid-lower crust, and their boundaries correlate well with major fault systems. Between two main mid-crustal low-velocity channels, a prominent high-velocity region surrounded by earthquakes is observed in the inner zone of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) and around the Anninghe-Zemuhe fault zone. These observations are comparable to regional tomography results using very dense arrays. Based on the results, we suggest that mid-lower crustal ductile flow and upper-crustal rigid fault movement play equally important roles in controlling the regional deformation styles and earthquake distribution in SW China. Our results also resolve thick crust-mantle transition zones beneath the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the inner zone of the ELIP due to ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ crust-mantle interactions, respectively. Our new model can serve as a reference crustal model of future high resolution model construction in SW China.
An alternative way in electrical resistivity prospection: the quasi-null arrays
Authors: Szalai S , Szokoli K , Prácser E , Metwaly M , Zubair M , Szarka L
Published: November 2019

While traditional geoelectric array configurations, such as the Wenner–Schlumberger or the dipole–dipole, can provide very good images of 1-D or robust 2-D structures, they are not sufficiently sensitive to those inhomogeneities that have a small effect on the surface electrical potential distribution. The detection and description of such inhomogeneities become possible by applying quasi-null arrays, which provide very small (close to zero) signals above a homogeneous half-space. The imaging properties of the members of an array series containing such arrays, the so-called γ11n arrays (n = 1–7), are demonstrated and compared to those of the most popular traditional arrays. Although the field applicability of the quasi-null arrays has been heavily questioned, it was demonstrated by our quasi-field analogue modelling experiments. The quasi-field tests also validated all of the numerical modelling results as follows: (1) many or all of the γ11n arrays were able to detect prisms and vertical sheets located at depths larger than those detectable by traditional geoelectric arrays, including the optimized Stummer configuration; (2) the horizontal resolution of the γ11n arrays proved to be better than the horizontal resolution of traditional arrays; (3) with n increasing, the γ11n arrays proved to be less sensitive to 1-D, but more sensitive to 2-D bodies. In case of high n values, the γ11n arrays may even be entirely insensitive to any 1-D structure. On the basis of the quasi-field experiments, γ11n arrays are expected to be very efficient to indicate bodies, or variations in time that only have a small impact on the surface electrical potential distribution (e.g. caves, mines, tunnels, tubes, cables, fractures, dykes), or small changes in the subsurface conditions (monitoring of dams or waste deposits). Data acquisition by both a traditional and a γ11n array, individual inversion of their data, and a joint interpretation of the results are recommended to obtain both a robust image and fine details of the subsurface.
Accessibility and Foreseeability in the Application of the Principle of Legality under General International Law: A Time for Revision?
Authors: de Souza Dias Talita
Published: November 2019

The principle of legality is one of the most fundamental principles of domestic and international criminal law. It features in some of the most prominent human rights instruments, and its application has been scrutinised by various human rights courts and international criminal tribunals. One of the principal tests used to check compliance with that principle measures the accessibility and foreseeability of the criminal law at the time of the conduct. Yet a close analysis of this test reveals a number of fundamental flaws that seem to have escaped the eyes of most commentators and practitioners. These have led to outcomes of dubious legality. In this article, I argue that those problems are serious enough to justify a revision or a substitution of that test for one which is more in line with the rationales and dictates of the legality principle.
Achieving Elimination as a Public Health Problem for Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium: When Is Community-Wide Treatment Required?
Authors: Toor Jaspreet , Rollinson David , Turner Hugo C , Gouvras Anouk , King Charles H , Medley Graham F , Hollingsworth T Déirdre , Anderson Roy M
Published: November 2019

The World Health Organization (WHO) has set elimination as a public health problem (EPHP) as a goal for schistosomiasis. As the WHO treatment guidelines for schistosomiasis are currently under revision, we investigate whether school-based or community-wide treatment strategies are required for achieving the EPHP goal. In low- to moderate-transmission settings with good school enrolment, we find that school-based treatment is sufficient for achieving EPHP. However, community-wide treatment is projected to be necessary in certain high-transmission settings as well as settings with low school enrolment. Hence, the optimal treatment strategy depends on setting-specific factors such as the species present, prevalence prior to treatment, and the age profile of infection.
Association among ecological and behavioural attributes, dengue vector and disease control: a cross-sectional study of the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Sabrina , Haque C Emdad , Hossain Shakhawat , Walker David
Published: November 2019

Background

This study examines vector density, the prevailing knowledge, awareness, attitudes and practice (KAAP) of community members regarding dengue disease and their willingness to pay (WTP) for vector control in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods

A population-based, cross-sectional study design was followed: (i) an entomological survey was carried out in 727 randomly selected households in 12 wards, representing four urban ecological zones and (ii) a survey of 330 household heads was conducted to study their KAAP. The χ2 test and multinomial logistic regression (MLR) were applied to investigate factors associated with WTP and other variables.

Results

The Stegomyia indices significantly vary among the urban zones, revealing that the paved and built areas with concentrated public/commercial services have the highest mosquito density. Most respondents (93.9%) knew about dengue and its severity (90.3%); however, many of them were unaware (79.3%) about the types of mosquitoes causing dengue. MLR modelling reveals that average spending per month for mosquito control, household income and knowledge about the effects of land use and seasonality on dengue were significantly associated with the WTP for controlling the dengue vector.

Conclusions

Concerted efforts should be made to increase awareness about dengue transmission and develop community-based sustainable dengue vector control programmes involving both the public and private sectors.
Building and Applying a Human Rights-Based Model for Migrant Integration Policy
Authors: Murphy Clíodhna , Gilmartin Mary , Caulfield Leanne
Published: November 2019

The approach of public bodies towards migrant populations is often framed in terms of ‘migrant integration’. However, domestic integration policy and practice often come up short in terms of ensuring equal access to rights such as education, employment and housing for migrants. In this article, we discuss a variety of approaches to defining and measuring integration and, drawing on the concluding observations of a number of UN human rights treaty monitoring bodies, argue in favour of a model of integration based on international human rights law. Indicators derived from this model are used to assess the extent to which policymaking in the public sector in Ireland is informed by human rights. Finally, it is suggested that the methodology used in this study could be applied outside the sphere of immigration and integration to other areas of public policy which directly affect individuals’ human rights—from housing policy, to the provision of disability services, to early education and other important domains.
Dosimetric evaluation of the heart and left anterior descending artery dose in radiotherapy for Japanese patients with breast cancer
Authors: Tanaka Osamu , Ono Kousei , Taniguchi Takuya , Makita Chiyoko , Matsuo Masayuki
Published: November 2019

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has been used for breast cancer as well as in field-in-field techniques. Few dosimetric comparison studies have been conducted using IMRT and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for Japanese patients. We aimed to study such patients. Thirty-two patients with left-sided breast cancer were enrolled. We conducted the following five treatment plans: two field-static IMRT (2F-S-IMRT), four field-static IMRT (4F-S-IMRT), 40° dual partial arc VMAT (40d-VMAT), 80° dual partial arc VMAT (80d-VMAT) and 210° partial VMAT (210p-VMAT). We evaluated the following: level of coverage of planning target volume (PTV) of 95% for irradiation at a dose of 50 Gy (D95) and the percentage of the heart and left anterior descending artery (LAD) volume that received 10 Gy or more (V10). As a result, the coverage of 40d-VMAT for the prescribed PTV dose of D95 was significantly lower than that of the other treatment plans (P < 0.05). Regarding heart V10 and LAD V10, 2F-S-IMRT, 40d-VMAT and 80d-VMAT showed significantly lower dose than the other treatment plans (P < 0.05). In conclusion, among the five plans, 2F-S-IMRT is recommended for Japanese patients because of high coverage of D95 of PTV, low V10 of the heart and LAD and the monitor unit value was the lowest.
Will flight shaming influence the future of air travel?
Authors: Flaherty Gerard T , Holmes Andrea
Published: November 2019

The concept of flight-shaming has emerged as part of efforts to promote more environmentally sustainable air travel. We argue that this approach may not have long-term merit and that instead the travel medicine community should raise awareness of the benefits of travel and support advances in eco-friendly jet fuel technology.
SHARP – VII. New constraints on the dark matter free-streaming properties and substructure abundance from gravitationally lensed quasars
Authors: Hsueh J-W , Enzi W , Vegetti S , Auger M W , Fassnacht C D , Despali G , Koopmans L V E , McKean J P
Published: November 2019

We present an analysis of seven strongly gravitationally lensed quasars and the corresponding constraints on the properties of dark matter. Our results are derived by modelling the lensed image positions and flux-ratios using a combination of smooth macro-models and a population of low-mass haloes within the mass range of 106–109 M⊙. Our lens models explicitly include higher order complexity in the form of stellar discs and luminous satellites, as well as low-mass haloes located along the observed lines of sight for the first time. Assuming a cold dark matter (CDM) cosmology, we infer an average total mass fraction in substructure of $f_{\rm sub} = 0.012^{+0.007}_{-0.004}$ (68 per cent confidence limits), which is in agreement with the predictions from CDM hydrodynamical simulations to within 1σ. This result is closer to the predictions than those from previous studies that did not include line-of-sight haloes. Under the assumption of a thermal relic dark matter model, we derive a lower limit on the particle relic mass of mth > 5.58 keV (95 per cent confidence limits), which is consistent with a value of mth > 5.3 keV from the recent analysis of the Ly α forest. We also identify two main sources of possible systematic errors and conclude that deeper investigations in the complex structure of lens galaxies as well as the size of the background sources should be a priority for this field.