bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of community‐wide transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 in congregate living settings and local public health‐coordinated response during the initial phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Terebuh Pauline D. , Egwiekhor Amina J. , Gullett Heidi L. , Fakolade Adeola O. , Miracle Jill E. , Ganesh Prakash T. , Rose Johnie , Stange Kurt C. , Szabo Andrea D. , Grisez Barry , Brennan Kevin , Hrusch Suzanne , Napolitano Jackie , Brazile Ramona , Allan Terrence
Published: October 2020

Background

Clusters of COVID‐19 cases amplify the pandemic and are critical targets for intervention, but comprehensive cluster‐level data are not collected systematically by federal or most state public health entities. This analysis characterizes COVID‐19 clusters among vulnerable populations housed in congregate living settings across an entire community and describes early mitigation efforts.

Methods

The Cuyahoga County Board of Health identified and interviewed COVID‐19 cases and exposed contacts, assessing possible connections to congregate living facilities within its jurisdiction from March 7, 2020, to May 15, 2020, during the first phase of the pandemic, while state of Ohio stay‐at‐home orders were in effect. A multi‐disciplinary team‐based response network was mobilized to support active case finding and develop facility‐focused containment strategies.

Results

We identified a cascade of 45 COVID‐19 clusters across community facilities (corrections, nursing, assisted living, intermediate care, extended treatment, shelters, group homes). Attack rates were highest within small facilities (P < .01) and large facilities requiring extensive support to implement effective containment measures. For 25 clusters, we identified an index case who frequently (88%) was a healthcare worker. Engagement of clinical, community, and government partners through public health coordination efforts created opportunities to rapidly develop and coordinate effective response strategies to support the facilities facing the dawning impact of the pandemic.

Conclusions

Active cluster investigations can uncover the dynamics of community transmission affecting both residents of congregate settings and their caregivers and help to target efforts toward populations with ongoing challenges in access to detection and control resources.
Treatment of a post‐traumatic headache
Authors: Daly Edward , Wulff John
Published: October 2020

After fantasy work in a trance state a patient with post‐traumatic headaches experienced some relief as other symptoms appeared, and then total relief along with the disappearance of the other symptoms. He was able to withdraw from all medications.
Mg‐bearing quartz solid solutions as structural intermediates between low and high quartz
Authors: Zandona Alessio , Rüdinger Bernd , Deubener Joachim
Published: October 2020

Glass powder samples of cordierite composition (doped with 8 mol% TiO2) were heat‐treated to produce a series of increasingly SiO2‐enriched Mg‐bearing quartz solid solutions (Qss). The obtained materials were then analyzed by X‐ray diffraction: Rietveld structural refinements revealed that Mg‐bearing Qss phases possess trigonal symmetry and a compositionally dependent intermediate structural arrangement between those of low and high quartz. High‐temperature diffraction measurements were performed up to 700°C to characterize the thermal expansion behavior of the crystals. At SiO2‐rich compositions, a reversible high‐to‐intermediate inversion of the quartz structure is observed, which shifts with increasing stuffing to lower temperatures than the conventional 573°C for pure quartz. Similarities and differences to the better‐established Li‐bearing Qss are discussed in the text.
The CRIAA Program complex intervention in primary care to support women and their families in breastfeeding: Study protocol for a pilot trial
Authors: Lucchini‐Raies Camila , Marquez‐Doren Francisca , Beca Paulina , Perez J. Carola , Campos Solange , Lopez‐Dicastillo Olga
Published: October 2020

Aim

To report a pilot study protocol to assess the feasibility of a complex intervention, in the primary healthcare context, to support women and their families in breastfeeding.

Design

A pilot/feasibility trial with control and intervention groups.

Methods

The study will be conducted in two primary healthcare centres with 40 childbearing women (20 control group; 20 intervention group), with their partner/meaningful person and their respective healthcare professionals. Intervention group participants will receive the intervention: (a) in a breastfeeding workshop during their third trimester of pregnancy; and (b) via virtual breastfeeding support for six months postpartum. Health professionals will be trained to deliver the intervention. The control group will receive standard care in the outpatient clinic. The pilot will help determine the intervention's feasibility. Data collected pre‐intervention, 10‐days postpartum and two‐, four‐, and six‐months postpartum will provide estimates of the intervention's preliminary effects on self‐efficacy and main outcomes. Research Ethics Committee approval was obtained in April 2019.

Discussion

Breastfeeding support is a complex reality influenced by multiple factors. Therefore, approaches to breastfeeding are also, requiring interventions that address its multidimensional nature, including all actors involved. The proposed intervention will be applied by an interdisciplinary professional health team, allowing for its incorporation into standard practice and its perpetual maintenance.

Impact

The study will produce an original, comprehensive, complex intervention addressing contextual, and organizational factors to promote breastfeeding support using an interdisciplinary and family‐based approach; breastfeeding self‐efficacy is the core concept. The program evaluation and feasibility study will permit exploration of the integration of the intervention's novel aspects into the daily work of professionals and reveal how to better use existing resources in a full‐scale clinical trial.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03944642.
Acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain conditions on functioning: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Du Shizheng , Dong Jianshu , Jin Shengji , Zhang Heng , Zhang Yuqun
Published: October 2020

Aim

To explore the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on chronic pain in terms of functioning; and to identify the most promising modes and patterns for implementing ACT.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

We will include randomized controlled trials which focus on the efficacy of ACT on chronic pain conditions with functioning as the primary outcome. Seven databases have been searched and grey literature will also be systematically searched for. Eligible studies will be screened. The newly revised Cochrane risk of bias tool will be used to assess the quality of the included studies. Data will be extracted, and meta‐analyses will be performed within specific condition groups of chronic pain. Meta‐regression and subgroup analyses will be employed to identify the efficacious modes and patterns for implementing the therapy. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach will be applied to reach a convincing conclusion. The study has been funded since July 2018.

Discussion

This systematic review aims to explore the efficacy of ACT for chronic pain on functioning based on the latest evidence. The most promising manners will be identified for designing and delivering the therapy. An accurate, transparent, and standardized review process is expected by adhering to the instructions of relevant guidelines.

Impact

Chronic pain is prevalent worldwide and reduced functioning is one of the leading consequences. With the anticipated evidence of high level, this research attempts to examine the role of acceptance and commitment therapy, a promising psychological intervention, in the management of chronic pain for improving individual's functioning status. The systematic review may contribute to a more convincing and targeted conclusion compared with the existing studies of its kind.
Resolving tensions in phenomenological research interviewing
Authors: Thomas Sandra P.
Published: October 2020

Aim

A discussion of five prevalent tensions in phenomenological interviewing and ways to diminish them. A rigorous interviewer training program for novices is presented, grounded in the philosophy of Merleau‐Ponty, and delivered in the context of a transdisciplinary phenomenology research group that provides constructive critique and mentoring.

Design

Discussion Paper.

Data sources

Personal experience as a trainer of novice researchers for over 25 years, and classic and contemporary literature on phenomenological research methodology and interview technique.

Implications for nursing

Phenomenological methodology is one of the most widely used research approaches across the globe in nursing and other human science disciplines. Current nursing literature contains reports in which a phenomenological approach is espoused, but the procedures are not consistent with the tenets of phenomenological philosophy. In particular, problems related to interview technique are evident. Interview training is essential for development of skill in eliciting comprehensive descriptions of the phenomena of concern to nurses, such as chronic pain and spiritual distress. Enhancing nurses’ understanding of these phenomena ultimately impacts the provision of sensitive and compassionate care.

Conclusion

Tensions in phenomenological interviewing can be diminished by trainee grounding in phenomenological philosophy, bracketing and pilot interviews, constructive peer critique, and guidance of research mentors.

Impact

Problems in interview technique indicate the need to provide novice interviewers with rigorous training. A richly evocative interview is critical for powerful, credible, phenomenological research. This paper makes a unique contribution by identifying five tensions confronting the phenomenological interviewer, and ways to diminish them. Principles of the interviewer training program can be replicated in other locales by supervisors of student research in nursing and other human sciences.
The Irrevocability of Capital Punishment and Active Voluntary Euthanasia1
Authors: Sudarshan Saranga
Published: October 2020

One argument often made against capital punishment is that it would involve the risk of killing innocent people and that such a mistake cannot be corrected in ways that other punishments can. I call this the ‘Irrevocability Argument’. In this article, I argue that the Irrevocability Argument is symmetrical with respect to capital punishment and active voluntary euthanasia. If the Irrevocability Argument works against capital punishment, then it also works against active voluntary euthanasia and vice versa. The main upshot of this is that it means at least some of the moral positions that people hold to treat them differently are untenable. Those who rely on the Irrevocability Argument as an argument against capital punishment are also committed to it as an argument against active voluntary euthanasia.
CEO compensation in early‐stage firms: Rewards for prospectivity and survival
Authors: Bui Thi , Ferguson Andrew , Lam Peter
Published: October 2020

Prior studies on chief executive officer (CEO) compensation focus mainly on large firms. This paper aims to suggest new factors associated with CEO compensation for small, homogeneous firms, specifically, Australian early‐stage mining exploration entities (MEEs). We document a set of predictors of CEO compensation proxying for economic performance, including geological prospectivity components of the exploration and evaluation (E&E) asset account and proceeds from equity raisings that enhances survival probabilities. We find positive associations between these predictors and CEO remuneration. In terms of CEO pay mix, we find that E&E asset acquisitions and equity proceeds are both positively associated with the proportion of option value in CEO total compensation. This suggests MEEs allocate their cash resources to investment opportunities, rather than CEO compensation. Overall, these findings, coupled with a significant and positive pay‐performance relation, provide evidence supporting efficient compensation practices in the MEE context.
Recognition and clinical implications of high prevalence of migraine in patients with Brugada syndrome and drug‐induced type 1 Brugada pattern
Authors: Hasdemir Can , Gokcay Figen , Orman Mehmet N. , Kocabas Umut , Payzin Serdar , Sahin Hatice , Nyholt Dale R , Antzelevitch Charles
Published: October 2020

Introduction

We have previously reported high 1‐year prevalence of migraine in patients with atrial arrhythmias associated with DI‐type 1 BrP. The present study was designed to determine the lifetime prevalence of migraine in patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) or drug‐induced type 1 Brugada pattern (DI‐type 1 BrP) and control group, to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics, and to identify clinical variables to predict underlying BrS/DI‐type 1 BrP among migraineurs.

Methods and Results

Lifetime prevalence of migraine and migraine characteristics were compared between probands with BrS/DI‐type 1 BrP (n = 257) and control group (n = 370). Lifetime prevalence of migraine was 60.7% in patients with BrS/DI‐type 1 BrP and 30.3% in control group (p = 3.6 × 10−14). On stepwise regression analysis, familial migraine (odds ratio [OR] of 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0–9.8; p = 1.3 × 10−4), vestibular migraine (OR of 5.4; 95% CI: 1.4–21.0); p = .013), migraine with visual aura (OR of 1.8; 95% CI: 1.0–3.4); p = .04) and younger age‐at‐onset of migraine (OR of 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93–0.98); p = .004) were predictors of underlying BrS/DI‐type 1 BrP among migraineurs. Use of anti‐migraine drugs classified as “to be avoided” or “preferably avoided” in patients with BrS and several other anti‐migraine drugs with potential cardiac INa/ICa channel blocking properties was present in 25.6% and 26.9% of migraineurs with BrS/DI‐type 1 BrP, respectively.

Conclusion

Migraine comorbidity is common in patients with BrS/DI‐type 1 BrP. We identify several clinical variables that point to an underlying type‐1 BrP among migraineurs, necessitating cautious use of certain anti‐migraine drugs.
Peak blood pressure‐guided monitoring may serve as an effective approach for blood pressure control in the out‐of‐office setting
Authors: Gong Shenzhen , Xu Ying , Ye Runyu , Liu Kai , Li Jiangbo , Yang Changqiang , Yan Xin , Chen Xiaoping
Published: October 2020

We aimed to explore whether diurnal blood pressure (BP) peak characteristics have a significant influence on the association between left ventricular damage with the two BP components (morning BP vs. afternoon peak BP) in untreated hypertensives. This cross‐sectional study included 1084 hypertensives who underwent echocardiography and 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring. Participants were stratified according to the relationship between morning systolic BP (MSBP; average SBP within 2 h of waking up) and afternoon peak systolic BP (ASBP; average SBP between 16:00 and 18:00). Afternoon and morning hypertension was defined as ≥ 135/85 mm Hg. The morning and afternoon peak BPs occurred at around 7:00 and 17:00, respectively. In general hypertensives, morning BP and afternoon peak BP are significantly different in absolute values (for binary SBP, McNemar's χ2 = 6.42; p = .014). ASBP was more pronounced than MSBP in 602 patients (55.5%), in whom 24‐h SBP showed higher consistency with ASBP than with MSBP (Kappa value: 0.767 vs 0.646, both p < .01). In subjects with ASBP ≥ MSBP, ASBP was associated with left ventricular hypertrophy independent of MSBP (logistic regression analysis odds ratio: 1.046, p < .01), and left ventricular mass index was more strongly correlated with ASBP than with MSBP (multiple regression coefficient β: 0.453, p < .01), in which the relationships held true independently of 24‐h SBP. The opposite results were obtained in subjects with MSBP > ASBP. Peak BP‐guided monitoring may serve as an effective approach to out‐of‐office hypertension monitoring and control, providing the best consistency with 24‐h average SBP and highest discrimination performance for target organ damage, independently of 24‐h SBP.
Resolvin D1 attenuates the inflammatory process in mouse model of LPS‐induced keratitis
Authors: Petrillo Francesco , Trotta Maria Consiglia , Bucolo Claudio , Hermenean Anca , Petrillo Arianna , Maisto Rosa , Pieretti Gorizio , Pietropaolo Michela , Ferraraccio Franca , Gagliano Caterina , Galdiero Marilena , D'Amico Michele
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the lipid mediator Resolvin D1 in experimental keratitis. C57BL/6J mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (2 µg/eye), and after 24 hours, the corneal damage was assessed. Clinical score was quantified, and corneal inflammatory biomarkers were detected by immunohistochemistry. A robust accumulation of sub‐epithelial macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 1 (also known as keratinocyte‐derived chemokine), interleukin‐10 and promoters of apoptosis was also observed in lipopolysaccharide‐treated mice. Formyl peptide receptor 2 corneal expression was also assessed. The corneal stroma treated with lipopolysaccharide was characterized by presence of macrophages of M1‐like subtype and immature fibroblastic cells, marked with Ki67, not fully differentiated in fibroblasts. Indeed, the staining of the cornea with anti‐vimentin antibodies, a marker of differentiated myofibroblasts, was very faint. Resolvin D1 attenuated all the inflammatory parameters assessed in the present study, except for IL‐10. In conclusion, the data presented here seem to be consistent with the hypothesis that Resolvin D1 protected the cornea from the lipopolysaccharide‐induced keratitis by acting on several inflammatory components of this damage, pivoted by Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) activation and macrophages‐leucocytes activity.
Cannabidiol (CBD) modulation of apelin in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Salles Évila Lopes , Khodadadi Hesam , Jarrahi Abbas , Ahluwalia Meenakshi , Paffaro Valdemar Antonio , Costigliola Vincenzo , Yu Jack C. , Hess David C. , Dhandapani Krishnan M. , Baban Babak
Published: October 2020

Considering lack of target‐specific antiviral treatment and vaccination for COVID‐19, it is absolutely exigent to have an effective therapeutic modality to reduce hospitalization and mortality rate as well as to improve COVID‐19‐infected patient outcomes. In a follow‐up study to our recent findings indicating the potential of Cannabidiol (CBD) in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), here we show for the first time that CBD may ameliorate the symptoms of ARDS through up‐regulation of apelin, a peptide with significant role in the central and peripheral regulation of immunity, CNS, metabolic and cardiovascular system. By administering intranasal Poly (I:C), a synthetic viral dsRNA, while we were able to mimic the symptoms of ARDS in a murine model, interestingly, there was a significant decrease in the expression of apelin in both blood and lung tissues. CBD treatment was able to reverse the symptoms of ARDS towards a normal level. Importantly, CBD treatment increased the apelin expression significantly, suggesting a potential crosstalk between apelinergic system and CBD may be the therapeutic target in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as COVID‐19 and many other pathologic conditions.
Association of time in range with hemoglobin A1c, glycated albumin and 1,5‐anhydro‐d‐glucitol
Authors: Ohigashi Mana , Osugi Keiko , Kusunoki Yoshiki , Washio Kahori , Matsutani Satoshi , Tsunoda Taku , Matsuo Toshihiro , Konishi Kosuke , Katsuno Tomoyuki , Namba Mitsuyoshi , Koyama Hidenori
Published: October 2020

Aims/Introduction

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glycated albumin (GA) and 1,5‐anhydro‐d‐glucitol (1,5‐AG) are used as indicators of glycemic control, whereas continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is used to assess daily glucose profiles. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between CGM metrics, such as time in range (TIR), and glycemic control indicators.

Materials and Methods

We carried out retrospective CGM and blood tests on 189 outpatients with impaired glucose tolerance (n = 22), type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 67) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 100).

Results

In type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, HbA1c and GA were negatively correlated with TIR, whereas 1,5‐AG was positively correlated with TIR. In type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, a TIR of 70% corresponded to HbA1c, GA and 1,5‐AG of 6.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.5–7.2%), 20.3% (95% CI 19.0–21.7%) and 6.0 µg/mL (95% CI 5.1–6.9 µg/mL), respectively. In type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, a TIR of 70% corresponded to HbA1c, GA and 1,5‐AG of 7.1% (95% CI 7.0–7.3%), 19.3% (95% CI 18.7–19.9%) and 10.0 µg/mL (95% CI 9.0–11.0 µg/mL), respectively. TIR values corresponding to HbA1c levels of 7.0% were 56.1% (95% CI 52.3–59.8%) and 74.2% (95% CI 71.3–77.2%) in type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, respectively.

Conclusions

The results of this study showed that the estimated HbA1c corresponding to a TIR of 70% was approximately 7.0% for both type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and that the estimated 1,5‐AG calculated from the TIR of 70% might be different between type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
IgE autoantibodies in serum and skin of non‐bullous and bullous pemphigoid patients
Authors: Lamberts A. , Kotnik N. , Diercks G.F.H. , Meijer J.M. , Di Zenzo G. , Pas H.H. , Jonkman M.F. , Gibbs B.F. , Raap U. , Horváth B.
Published: October 2020

Background

Non‐bullous pemphigoid (NBP) is a pemphigoid variant which frequently resembles other pruritic skin diseases. In contrast with bullous pemphigoid (BP), blisters are absent. In BP, previous studies showed that IgE autoantibodies may be involved in its pathogenesis. IgE‐activated mast cells, basophils and eosinophils may participate in BP by inducing pruritus and possibly blister formation, although the differential role of IgE in NBP compared with BP has not yet been described.

Objective

To assess IgE in serum and skin of NBP and BP patients.

Methods

We examined total IgE and pemphigoid‐specific IgE in the serum of 68 NBP and 50 BP patients by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera of 25 pemphigus patients and 25 elderly patients with pruritus were included as controls. Skin biopsies of 14 NBP and 14 BP patients with the highest IgE titres to NC16A were stained for IgE by immunofluorescence techniques.

Results

Total IgE was elevated in 63% of NBP and 60% of BP patients, and in 20% of pemphigus controls, as well as 60% of elderly controls. IgE ELISAs were more frequently positive in BP than in NBP (NC16A 18% vs. 9%, P = 0.139; BP230 34% vs. 22%, P = 0.149). IgE ELISAs for NC16A and BP230 were positive in 8% and 20% of elderly controls, respectively, while all pemphigus controls were negative. Two of 28 biopsies (7%; one NBP, one BP) showed linear IgE along the basement membrane zone, while in most biopsies (71% NBP; 86% BP) IgE was bound to dermal cells.

Conclusion

Since IgE was present in the serum and skin of both NBP and BP patients, this supports IgE‐dependent mechanisms common to both diseases, such as pruritus. However, it remains to be elucidated whether IgE contributes to blister formation in BP.
Observations of coastal aggregations of the broadnose sevengill shark (Notorynchus cepedianus) in Chilean waters
Authors: Bustamante Carlos , García‐Cegarra Ana M. , Vargas‐Caro Carolina
Published: October 2020

The presence of four sharks was documented in coastal waters of Antofagasta (Chile) using an unmanned aerial video camera. Fishers took advantage of this aggregation to catch and sold three adult broadnose sevengill sharks Notorynchus cepedianus. Species identity was determined by using the cox1 gene. One additional video was later recorded 3000 km south of Antofagasta, and shows a large female interacting with a salmon farming facility. Shallow water records of N. cepedianus were previously undocumented in Chilean waters, yet historically have provided an opportunistic event to fishers in Chile.
Hydrogen sulfide, a signaling molecule in plant stress responses
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhou Mingjian , Zhou Heng , Zhao Didi , Gotor Cecilia , Romero Luis C. , Shen Jie , Ge Zhenglin , Zhang Zhirong , Shen Wenbiao , Yuan Xingxing , Xie Yanjie
Published: October 2020

Gaseous molecules, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO), are crucial players in cellular and (patho)physiological processes in biological systems. The biological functions of these gaseous molecules, which were first discovered and identified as gasotransmitters in animals, have received unprecedented attention from plant scientists in recent decades. Researchers have arrived at the consensus that H2S is synthesized endogenously and serves as a signaling molecule throughout the plant life cycle. However, the mechanisms of H2S action in redox biology is still largely unexplored. This review highlights what we currently know about the characteristics and biosynthesis of H2S in plants. Additionally, we summarize the role of H2S in plant resistance to abiotic stress. Moreover, we propose and discuss possible redox‐dependent mechanisms by which H2S regulates plant physiology.
Reliable change in neuropsychological test scores is associated with brain atrophy in older adults
Authors: Lin Shayne S.‐H. , Fletcher Evan , Gavett Brandon E. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2020

The reliable change index (RCI) is a commonly used method for interpreting change in neuropsychological test scores over time. However, the RCI is a psychometric method that, to date, has not been validated against neuroanatomical changes. Longitudinal neuroimaging and neuropsychological data from baseline and one‐year follow‐up visits were retrieved from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The RCI was used to identify participants showing reliable decline on memory (ADNI‐Mem; N = 450) and executive functioning (ADNI‐EF; N = 456) factor scores. For each factor score, two groups (reliable change vs. no reliable change) were matched on potential baseline confounding variables. Longitudinal neuroanatomical data were analysed using tensor‐based morphometry. Analysis revealed that reliable change on ADNI‐Mem was associated with atrophy in the medial temporal cortex, limbic cortex, temporal lobe and some regions of the parietal lobe. Similar atrophy patterns were found for reliable change on ADNI‐EF, except that atrophy extended to the frontal lobe and the atrophy was more extensive and of higher magnitude. The current study not only validates clinical usage of the RCI with neuroanatomical evidence of associated underlying brain change but also suggests patterns of likely brain atrophy when reliable cognitive decline is detected.
A qualitative study of long‐term ICU patients' inner strength and willpower: Family and health professionals as a health‐promoting resource
Authors: Alexandersen Ingeborg , Haugdahl Hege S. , Paulsby Tove Engan , Lund Stine Borgen , Stjern Berit , Eide Regina , Haugan Gørill
Published: October 2020

Aims and objectives

To explore how the presence of family and health professionals influences long‐term critically ill patients' inner strength and willpower as an incitement to keep fighting for recovery.

Background

This study reports long‐term critically ill patients' experiences of family and health professionals as health‐promoting resources in terms of significance for their inner strength and willpower. Earlier research on this topic is scarce.

Design

A qualitative, hermeneutic‐phenomenological approach, within the context of Antonovsky's salutogenic theory.

Methods

Seventeen long‐term critically ill patients were interviewed once, at 6–18 months after ICU discharge. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) were used (Supplementary File 1).

Results

Four main themes identified how family and staff promoted and challenged the patient's inner strength and willpower: (a) the importance of family and friends; my family was surrounding me, (b) staff contributions, (c) challenges to inner strength and willpower in relation to family and (d) loneliness and indifferent care.

Conclusion

This study brings new knowledge from the long‐term critically ill patient's view about the impact of family, friends and nurses on the patient's inner strength and willpower. All impact is experienced positively and negatively.

Relevance to clinical practice

Knowledge from the long‐term critically ill patient's view is vital in nurse–patient interactions to facilitate liberation of inner strength and willpower.
Validation of a Chinese version of the dementia knowledge assessment scale in healthcare providers in China
Authors: Zhao Yayi , Eccleston Claire E. , Ding Yaping , Shan Ye , Liu Li , Chan Helen Y. L.
Published: October 2020

Aims

To translate 25‐item Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale into Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties amongst Chinese healthcare providers.

Background

The prevalence of dementia is increasing in China, but development of relevant training for healthcare providers is still in its infancy stage. A comprehensive, valid and reliable Chinese knowledge‐of‐dementia measure is needed to identify training needs and evaluate the effect of educational interventions.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

The Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale was translated into Chinese following the modified Brislin's translation model. Content and face validity were established by an expert panel in dementia care and healthcare providers. A convenience sample of 290 healthcare providers in care homes and hospitals was recruited. Construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity and known groups’ comparisons method. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency reliability and 2‐week test–retest reliability. This study used the STROBE checklist for reporting.

Results

The content validity index was 0.98. The confirmatory factor analysis model revealed that the four‐factor model was partly supported in the present study. The moderate correlation between Chinese version of Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale and Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale indicated acceptable concurrent validity. The mean score of the scale and subscale scores showed significant differences between health professionals and care assistants, except for the subscale of “Care Considerations.” The reliability was demonstrated with Cronbach's alpha of .77 and intra‐class correlation coefficients of each subscale between .74 and .92 among 56 respondents.

Conclusions

The Chinese version of Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale demonstrated acceptable concurrent validity but marginal factorial validity and satisfactory reliability amongst Chinese healthcare providers. Therefore, applying the four‐factor structure of Chinese version scale should be considered.

Relevance to clinical practice

Chinese version of Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale can be used to understand the training needs of healthcare providers in dementia.
Correlation between the number of laparoscopy‐qualified gynecologists and the proportion of laparoscopic surgeries for benign gynecological diseases in Japan: An ecological study
Authors: Isobe Masanori , Kataoka Yuki , Chikazawa Kenro , Hada Tomonori , Nishigori Hiroshi , Takahashi Toshifumi , Enomoto Takayuki
Published: October 2020

Aim

We aimed to evaluate regional disparities in the proportion of the three main laparoscopic surgeries for benign gynecological diseases among 47 prefectures in Japan and their correlation with the number of laparoscopy‐qualified gynecologists per population.

Methods

In this retrospective ecological study, we collected the data of patients from 47 prefectures in 2017 using “The National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan” Open Data from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan. The primary outcome of the study was the proportion of laparoscopic surgeries conducted for benign gynecologic diseases (hysterectomy, myomectomy and surgery for the benign ovarian diseases). The main exposure was the number of laparoscopy‐qualified gynecologists per 100 000 females.

Results

The average proportion of laparoscopic hysterectomies, myomectomies and surgeries for the benign ovarian disease were 38% (standard deviation (SD) 16, range 12–74), 48% (SD 18, range 9–81) and 60% (SD 11, range 36–79), respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the number of laparoscopy‐qualified gynecologists per 100 000 females and the proportion of the three main laparoscopic surgeries.

Conclusion

There are obvious regional disparities in the proportion of the three main laparoscopic procedures for benign gynecological diseases among 47 prefectures. The number of laparoscopy‐qualified gynecologists correlated significantly with these regional disparities. The academic society should monitor these regional disparities and make an effort to reduce these regional disparities by increasing laparoscopy‐qualified gynecologists in areas where the widespread use of laparoscopic techniques is lagging.
A Comparison of Conventionally Versus Digitally Fabricated Denture Outcomes in a University Dental Clinic
Authors: Clark Wendy Auclair , Brazile Briana , Matthews Desi , Solares Jonathan , De Kok Ingeborg J.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this retrospective, cross‐sectional study is to evaluate if there is a difference in number of visits (including fabrication and postoperative) and remake rate when comparing conventionally fabricated and digitally fabricated complete dentures by dental students in a predoctoral student dental clinic.

Materials and methods

This two‐year retrospective cross‐sectional study consisted of a chart review for patients receiving maxillary and/or mandibular complete dentures between 2017 and 2019 (n = 314) at the UNC Adams School of Dentistry predoctoral student clinic. No control group was determined for this study. Data were extracted for 242 conventional dentures and 39 digital dentures. Objective treatment outcomes were obtained for each included denture: the number of patient appointments from preliminary impressions to denture placement, the number of postoperative visits, any complications noted, and any need for remakes. Fisher's Exact Test and Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel analysis were completed with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

For the number of visits from preliminary impression to placement, 50% of conventionally fabricated dentures had 6 or more visits, while only 5% of digitally fabricated dentures had 6 or more visits. This difference for the number of patient visits was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Additionally, conventionally fabricated dentures required an average of 2‐3 postoperative visits, whereas digitally fabricated dentures required 1‐2 postoperative visits. This difference was also statistically significant (p < 0.05). For the number of dentures requiring remake, there was no statistical difference (p = 0.1904).

Conclusions

When comparing conventionally fabricated and digitally fabricated dentures in the predoctoral clinic, the digitally fabricated dentures required fewer patient appointments from start to finish, and fewer postoperative appointments than conventionally fabricated dentures. Fewer visits may be an important consideration for patients, especially those with limited access to care.
A humeral intracondylar repair system for the management of humeral intracondylar fissure and humeral condylar fracture
Authors: Walton M. B. , Crystal E. , Morrison S. , Onyett J. , McClement J. , Allan R. , Straw M. , Innes J. F.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

To report complications, clinical outcomes and CT‐imaging outcomes of a surgical system designed for the management of humeral intracondylar fissures and humeral condylar fractures.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective review of fracture healing from medical records, direct owner contact and an online data‐submission service. Follow‐up included CT scans and a calculated “bone‐opacity continuity index” to quantify bone healing.

Results

There was one major surgical complication and one major medical complication out of 34 fissure cases, and two major surgical and one major medical complication out of 14 fractures. Follow‐up times ranged from 29 to 1268 days. All cases with CT follow‐up had some continuity of bone opacity across the condyle.

Clinical Significance

In the cases included in this study, this repair system was associated with low complication rates and favourable healing rates, particularly for humeral intracondylar fissure.
Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging and histologic findings of canine thoracolumbar discal pseudocyst: 8 cases (2014‐2019)
Authors: Fiorentino E. , Gasparinetti N. , Falzone C.
Published: October 2020

Objective

To report the clinical and MRI features, and histologic findings of thoracolumbar discal pseudocyst in dogs.

Materials and Methods

The records of eight dogs with thoracolumbar discal cyst‐like structures were retrospectively collected to record their clinical signs, MRI features and surgical and histologic findings.

Results

Eight dogs with surgically and histologically confirmed thoracolumbar discal pseudocysts were included in the case series. Six dogs presented with acute onset and two dogs presented with subacute onset of thoracolumbar myelopathy. MRI showed compressive thoracolumbar myelopathy due to a round to oval‐shaped epidural mass lesion communicating with the intervertebral disc, iso/hypointense on T1WI and mostly hyperintense on T2WI, associated with a variable contrast‐enhancing wall, compatible with a cyst‐like structure. These structures were surgically visualised and removed through a mini‐hemilaminectomy or hemilaminectomy and submitted for histologic investigation. One dog also underwent cytologic examination of the cystic content. Similar to that in humans, histology revealed a cyst‐like nature with a wall consisting of dense fibrous connective tissue containing clusters of chondroid cells accompanied by groups of notochordal cells and occasional erythrocytes; however, a real epithelial lining was missing and the term pseudocyst seemed more appropriate.

Clinical Significance

This report describes clinical signs, and MRI and histologic findings of discal pseudocysts in dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy. Despite being rare, discal pseudocysts should be considered as a differential diagnosis in dogs with acute onset thoracolumbar myelopathy.
Use of an intragastric balloon for management of obesity in a dog
Authors: Vedrine B. , Fernandes D. , Gérard F. , Fribourg‐Blanc L.‐A.
Published: October 2020

While various bariatric surgeries are commonplace in obesity medicine for humans, these techniques have not been commonly used in veterinary medicine. A technique used in humans consists in endoscopically placing an intragastric balloon. The intragastric balloon takes volume in the stomach causing a feeling of satiety and reducing food intake. A 57.6 kg, 9‐year‐old neutered female Labrador dog with chronic hypothyroidism was presented for overweight management. Combined levothyroxine treatment and dietary management with specific alimentation for obesity had failed to control overweight. An intragastric balloon was placed endoscopically in the stomach to allow the reduction of the gastric capacity and resulted in effective weight loss. The dog weight decreased to 40.9 kg at the time of intragastric balloon removal 198 days after placement. Further research including a larger sample size and long term follow‐up is required to establish safety and effectiveness of this procedure.
The asymptotic expansion of the regular discretization error of Itô integrals
Authors: Alòs Elisa , Fukasawa Masaaki
Published: October 2020

We study an Edgeworth‐type refinement of the central limit theorem for the discretization error of Itô integrals. Toward this end, we introduce a new approach, based on the anticipating Itô formula. This alternative technique allows us to compute explicitly the terms of the corresponding expansion formula. Two applications to finance are given; the asymptotics of discrete hedging error under the Black–Scholes model and the difference between continuously and discretely monitored variance swap payoffs under stochastic volatility models.
Ecological divergence of wild strawberry DNA methylation patterns at distinct spatial scales
Authors: De Kort Hanne , Panis Bart , Deforce Dieter , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Honnay Ollivier
Published: October 2020

Epigenetic change is considered relatively unstable and short‐lived, raising questions of its contribution to long‐term adaptive potential. However, epigenetic modifications can accumulate in the presence of environmental stress, resulting in beneficial epigenetic memories where environments are challenging. Diverging epigenetic memories have been observed across large spatial scales, and can persist through multiple generations. It is unknown, however, to what extent epigenetic variation contributes to fine‐scale population structure and evolution. We compared DNA methylation patterns between a steep, altitudinal gradient (<2 km) and a wide spatial gradient (>500 km) using whole genome bisulphite sequencing data from 30 Fragaria vesca plants germinated and grown in controlled conditions. To assess the stability of spatial epigenetic variation in the presence of an environmental stressor, we applied acute drought stress to part of the plants and quantified drought‐induced changes in DNA methylation signatures. We find that epigenetic memories and genomic islands of epigenetic divergence arise even at fine spatial scale, and that distinct spatial scales are featured by distinct epigenetic patterns. For example, demethylation of transposable elements consistently occurred at the large but not the fine spatial scale, while methylation differentiation for most biological processes were shared between spatial scales. Acute drought stress did not result in significant epigenetic differentiation. Our results indicate that population history, rather than short‐term environmental stress, plays a dominant role in shaping epigenetic signatures. Specifically, repeated historical stress levels associated with heterogeneous environmental conditions may be required for acquiring a stable epigenetic memory and for coping with future environmental change.
It’s time to stop sweeping recombination rate under the genome scan rug
Authors: Stevison Laurie S. , McGaugh Suzanne E.
Published: October 2020

Different parts of the genome can vary widely in their evolutionary histories and sequence divergence from other species. Indeed, some of the most interesting biology (e.g., hybridization, horizontal gene transfer, variable mutation rates across the genome) is revealed by the discordant relationships between taxa across the genome. The goal for much of evolutionary genetics is centred on understanding the evolutionary processes by which such varied signatures arise and are maintained. Many evolutionary genetics studies seek to identify signatures of positive selection between two closely related ecotypes or taxa by delineating regions with particularly high divergence relative to a genome‐wide average, often termed “divergence outliers.” In a From the Cover article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, Booker et al. take a major step forward in showing that recombination rate differences are sufficient to create false positive divergence outliers, even under neutrality. They demonstrate that the variance of genome scan metrics is especially high in regions with low recombination rates, consistent with previous work. Furthermore, they show that both relative and absolute measures of divergence (FST and DXY, respectively) as well as other commonly used statistics in genome scans (e.g., πW, Tajima's D and H12) all have similar covariance between variance and local recombination rate. Finally, Booker et al. show that low recombination regions will tend to produce more outliers if genome‐wide averages are used as cut‐offs to define genomic outliers. Booker et al.’s results suggest that recombination rate variation, even under neutral conditions, can shape genome scans for selection, and this important variable can no longer be ignored.
Calcium‐mediated parathyroid hormone suppression test in uraemic secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Xiang Ting , Wang Yan , Lan Tian , Zhou Li
Published: October 2020

Aim

The present study aimed to investigate the value of calcium‐mediated parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppression test in evaluating the autonomic secretory function of parathyroid, and the management of uraemic secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).

Methods

Calcium‐mediated PTH suppression test was performed in dialysis with SHPT, who were candidates for parathyroidectomy from June 2017 to December 2019 in our hospital. The PTH inhibition rate (PTH‐IR) was calculated, and the correlation between PTH‐IR and clinical indicators was explored.

Results

Fifty‐one subjects were included. PTH‐IR was negatively correlated with baseline PTH (r = −0.35, P = .012), it was also correlated with dialysis years, coronary artery calcification score (CACS) and parathyroid mass (r = −0.397, P = .004; r = −0.327, P = .028; r = −0.363, P = .015), which were not found for baseline PTH. Forty‐four patients underwent surgical treatment. According to the histological results, 26 patients presented with parathyroid non‐nodular hyperplasia, and 18 patients presented with parathyroid nodular hyperplasia. The mass of parathyroid of patients with nodular hyperplasia was higher than that of patients with non‐nodular hyperplasia (ρ = 0.01). The difference of the PTH‐IR was not found between the two groups (ρ = 0.296). During the test, the highest serum calcium was 2.9 ± 0.4 mmol/L, which dropped to normal at the end of the test.

Conclusion

Parathyroid hormone inhibition rate might be a useful indicator in evaluating the autonomic secretory function of parathyroid and the progression of SHPT on top of intact PTH. Calcium‐mediated PTH suppression test was safe in uraemic SHPT patients, but need to monitor for transient hypercalcaemia.
Defining speciesism
Authors: Horta Oscar , Albersmeier Frauke
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The term “speciesism” has played a key role in debates about the moral consideration of nonhuman animals, yet little work has been dedicated to clarifying its meaning. Consequently, the concept remains poorly understood and is often employed in ways that might display a speciesist bias themselves. To address this problem, this article develops a definition of speciesism in terms of discrimination and argues in favor of its advantages over alternative accounts. After discussing the key desiderata for a definition of discrimination in general and speciesism in particular, a wide and evaluative account of speciesism is presented. According to it, speciesism is unjustified consideration or treatment of those who are not classified as belonging to a certain species. The article then discusses rival accounts, namely narrow and descriptive definitions of speciesism. The article argues that such accounts are problematic as they overly restrict the scope of phenomena that can be identified as speciesist and disrupt the continuity with other forms of discrimination such as racism and sexism.