bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation dose-rate is a neglected critical parameter in dose–response of insects
Authors: Yamada Hanano , Dias Vanessa S. , Parker Andrew G. , Maiga Hamidou , Kraupa Carina , Vreysen Marc J. B. , Mamai Wadaka , Schetelig Marc F. , Somda Nanwintoum S. Bimbilé , Bouyer Jeremy
Published: April 2022

Reproductive sterility is the basis of the sterile insect technique (SIT) and essential for its success in the field. Numerous factors that influence dose–response in insects have been identified. However, historically the radiation dose administered has been considered a constant. Efforts aiming to standardize protocols for mosquito irradiation found that, despite carefully controlling many variable factors, there was still an unknown element responsible for differences in expected sterility levels of insects irradiated with the same dose and handling protocols. Thus, together with previous inconclusive investigations, the question arose whether dose really equals dose in terms of biological response, no matter the rate at which the dose is administered. Interestingly, the dose rate effects studied in human nuclear medicine indicated that dose rate could alter dose–response in mammalian cells. Here, we conducted experiments to better understand the interaction of dose and dose rate to assess the effects in irradiated mosquitoes. Our findings suggest that not only does dose rate alter irradiation-induced effects, but that the interaction is not linear and may change with dose. We speculate that the recombination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in treatments with moderate to high dose rates might minimize indirect radiation-induced effects in mosquitoes and decrease sterility levels, unless dose along with its direct effects is increased. Together with further studies to identify an optimum match of dose and dose rate, these results could assist in the development of improved methods for the production of high-quality sterile mosquitoes to enhance the efficiency of SIT programs.
Scenario-based analysis of the impacts of lake drying on food production in the Lake Urmia Basin of Northern Iran
Authors: Feizizadeh Bakhtiar , Lakes Tobia , Omarzadeh Davoud , Sharifi Ayyoob , Blaschke Thomas , Karimzadeh Sadra
Published: April 2022

In many parts of the world, lake drying is caused by water management failures, while the phenomenon is exacerbated by climate change. Lake Urmia in Northern Iran is drying up at such an alarming rate that it is considered to be a dying lake, which has dire consequences for the whole region. While salinization caused by a dying lake is well understood and known to influence the local and regional food production, other potential impacts by dying lakes are as yet unknown. The food production in the Urmia region is predominantly regional and relies on local water sources. To explore the current and projected impacts of the dying lake on food production, we investigated changes in the climatic conditions, land use, and land degradation for the period 1990–2020. We examined the environmental impacts of lake drought on food production using an integrated scenario-based geoinformation framework. The results show that the lake drought has significantly affected and reduced food production over the past three decades. Based on a combination of cellular automaton and Markov modeling, we project the food production for the next 30 years and predict it will reduce further. The results of this study emphasize the critical environmental impacts of the Urmia Lake drought on food production in the region. We hope that the results will encourage authorities and environmental planners to counteract these issues and take steps to support food production. As our proposed integrated geoinformation approach considers both the extensive impacts of global climate change and the factors associated with dying lakes, we consider it to be suitable to investigate the relationships between environmental degradation and scenario-based food production in other regions with dying lakes around the world.
The effects of locomotion on sensory-evoked haemodynamic responses in the cortex of awake mice
Authors: Eyre Beth , Shaw Kira , Sharp Paul , Boorman Luke , Lee Llywelyn , Shabir Osman , Berwick Jason , Howarth Clare
Published: April 2022

Investigating neurovascular coupling in awake rodents is becoming ever more popular due, in part, to our increasing knowledge of the profound impacts that anaesthesia can have upon brain physiology. Although awake imaging brings with it many advantages, we still do not fully understand how voluntary locomotion during imaging affects sensory-evoked haemodynamic responses. In this study we investigated how evoked haemodynamic responses can be affected by the amount and timing of locomotion. Using an awake imaging set up, we used 2D-Optical Imaging Spectroscopy (2D-OIS) to measure changes in cerebral haemodynamics within the sensory cortex of the brain during either 2 s whisker stimulation or spontaneous (no whisker stimulation) experiments, whilst animals could walk on a spherical treadmill. We show that locomotion alters haemodynamic responses. The amount and timing of locomotion relative to whisker stimulation is important, and can significantly impact sensory-evoked haemodynamic responses. If locomotion occurred before or during whisker stimulation, the amplitude of the stimulus-evoked haemodynamic response was significantly altered. Therefore, monitoring of locomotion during awake imaging is necessary to ensure that conclusions based on comparisons of evoked haemodynamic responses (e.g., between control and disease groups) are not confounded by the effects of locomotion.
Heterogenous nanocomposite catalysts with rhenium nanostructures for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Cyganowski Piotr , Dzimitrowicz Anna
Published: April 2022

Stable and efficient heterogenous nanocatalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) has attracted much attention in recent years. In this context, a unique and efficient in situ approach is used for the production of new polymeric nanocomposites (pNCs) containing rhenium nanostructures (ReNSs). These rare materials should facilitate the catalytic decomposition of 4-NP, in turn ensuring increased catalytic activity and stability. These nanomaterials were analyzed using Fourier-Transformation Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The efficiency of the catalytic reaction was estimated based on the acquired UV–Vis spectra, which enabled the estimation of the catalytic activity using pseud-first order modelling. The applied method resulted in the successful production and efficient loading of ReNSs in the polymeric matrices. Amino functionalities played a primary role in the reduction process. Moreover, the functionality that is derived from 1.1′-carbonyl imidazole improved the availability of the ReNSs, which resulted in 90% conversion of 4-NP with a maximum rate constant of 0.29 min−1 over 11 subsequent catalytic cycles. This effect was observed despite the trace amount of Re in the pNCs (~ 5%), suggesting a synergistic effect between the polymeric base and the ReNSs-based catalyst.
Four millennia of long-term individual foraging site fidelity in a highly migratory marine predator
Authors: Guiry Eric. J. , James Margaretta , Cheung Christina , Royle Thomas C. A.
Published: April 2022

Theory and field studies suggest that long-term individual foraging site fidelity (IFSF) may be an important adaptation to competition from increasing population. However, the driving mechanisms and extent of long-term IFSF in wild populations of long-lived, migratory animals has been logistically difficult to study, with only a few confirmed instances. Temporal isotopic datasets can reveal long-term patterns in geographical foraging behaviour. We investigate the isotopic compositions of endangered short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) over four millennia leading up to their near-extinction. Although not exhibited by short-tailed albatross today, we show past sub-populations displayed a high-degree of long-term IFSF, focusing on the same locations for hundreds of generations. This is the first large-scale evidence for the deep antiquity of long-term IFSF and suggests that it’s density-driven. Globally, as populations of species like short-tailed albatross continue to recover from overexploitation, potential for resurgence of geographic specialization may increase exposure to localized hazards, requiring closer conservation monitoring.
Comprehensive understanding of multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence through quantum chemistry calculations
Authors: Shizu Katsuyuki , Kaji Hironori
Published: April 2022

Molecules that exhibit multiple resonance (MR) type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are highly efficient electroluminescent materials with narrow emission spectra. Despite their importance in various applications, the emission mechanism is still controversial. Here, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism for a representative MR-TADF molecule (5,9-diphenyl-5,9-diaza-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene, DABNA-1) is presented. Using the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles method and Fermi’s golden rule, we quantitatively reproduced all rate constants relevant to the emission mechanism; prompt and delayed fluorescence, internal conversion (IC), intersystem crossing, and reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). In addition, the photoluminescence quantum yield and its prompt and delayed contributions were quantified by calculating the population kinetics of excited states and the transient photoluminescence decay curve. The calculations also revealed that TADF occurred via a stepwise process of 1) thermally activated IC from the electronically excited lowest triplet state T1 to the second-lowest triplet state T2, 2) RISC from T2 to the lowest excited singlet state S1, and 3) fluorescence from S1.
T- and pH-dependent OH radical reaction kinetics with glycine, alanine, serine, and threonine in the aqueous phase
Authors: Wen Liang , Schaefer Thomas , Zhang Yimu , He Lin , Ventura Oscar N. , Herrmann Hartmut
Published: April 2022

Aqueous phase reaction kinetics and mechanism of OH radicals with glycine, alanine, serine, and threonine were investigated.
Engineering single-atom catalysts toward biomedical applications
Authors: Chang Baisong , Zhang Liqin , Wu Shaolong , Sun Ziyan , Cheng Zhen
Published: April 2022

The advances of catalysts now enter an era of atomic-level precise control. Single-atom catalysts (SACs), characterized by outstanding catalytic activity and selectivity, afford attractive opportunities to revolutionize traditional nanomedicine.
Study on the physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory anti-tumor effect of thePholiota adiposapolysaccharide
Authors: Yang Zhongwei , Liu Zijing , Xu Jie , Zhu Junmo , Pu Youwei , Bao Yixi
Published: April 2022

In this study, the extraction, purification, physical and chemical properties, and biological activity of thePholiota adiposa(PAP) polysaccharide were investigated.
Identification of ligand linkage vectors for the development of p300/CBP degraders
Authors: Brownsey Duncan K. , Rowley Ben C. , Gorobets Evgueni , Mihara Koichiro , Maity Ranjan , Papatzimas James W. , Gelfand Benjamin S. , Hollenberg Morley D. , Bahlis Nizar J. , Derksen Darren J.
Published: April 2022

To develop new degrader molecules from an existing protein ligand a linkage vector must be identified and then joined with a suitable E3 ligase without disrupting binding to the respective targets.
Al-Embedded C2N: a DFT study on a promising catalyst for CO oxidation
Authors: Liu Xinmiao , Sheng Li
Published: April 2022

Al-C2N catalyst exhibits efficient catalytic performance for CO oxidation.
The phosphate ester group in secondary metabolites
Authors: Della-Felice Franco , de Andrade Bartolomeu Aloisio , Pilli Ronaldo Aloise
Published: April 2022

The structural, biological, and pharmacological profiles of phosphorylated secondary metabolites is presented. An overview of the phosphorylation methodologies employed in their total syntheses is also included.
A nonlinear neural network based on an analog DNA toehold mediated strand displacement reaction circuit
Authors: Zou Chengye , Zhang Qiang , Zhou Changjun , Cao Wenyu
Published: April 2022

In this work, a nonlinear neural network based on analog DNA toehold mediated strand displacement (DTMSD) reaction circuit is reported, which possesses the ability to learn the standard quadratic form functions via the adaptability of the circuit.
Mechanical properties of an interpenetrating network poly(vinyl alcohol)/alginate hydrogel with hierarchical fibrous structures
Authors: Yumin An , Liguo Dong , Yi Yang , Yongna Jia
Published: April 2022

The mechanical properties both along and perpendicular to the fibrous directions were improved more than double after the construction of hierarchically arranged fibrous structures in the interpenetrating network PVA/alginate hydrogel.
Isolation of the elusive bisbenzimidazole Bbim3−˙ radical anion and its employment in a metal complex
Authors: Benner Florian , Demir Selvan
Published: April 2022

The long sought-after bisbenzimidazole radical was isolated through complexation to two rare earth metallocenes followed by reduction, and analysed through crystallography, VT EPR spectroscopy, electrochemistry, magnetometry, and DFT computations.
Application of a novel hydroxyl functionalized fluorescent covalent organic framework for turn-off ultrasensitive Zn2+ ion detection
Authors: Yin Yuan , Liu Gang
Published: April 2022

A novel hydroxyl functionalized fluorescent covalent organic framework (COF) (named DHTPz–Bt) was designed and synthesized for the turn-off ultrasensitive and selective Zn2+ ion detection.
Fluorescence assay for acrylamide determination in fried products based on AgInS2/ZnS quantum dots
Authors: Muñoz Raybel , Santos Eva M. , Guevara-Lara Alfredo , Vazquez-Garcia Rosa A. , Islas-Rodriguez Nery , Rodriguez Jose A.
Published: April 2022

The synthesis, characterization and application of AgInS2/ZnS QDs in acrylamide determination are proposed. Two methodologies based on PET and reversible PET processes are evaluated.
A mesoionic carbene complex of manganese in five oxidation states
Authors: Wittwer Benjamin , Dickmann Nicole , Berg Stephan , Leitner Daniel , Tesi Lorenzo , Hunger David , Gratzl Raphael , van Slageren Joris , Neuman Nicolas I. , Munz Dominik , Hohloch Stephan
Published: April 2022

A rare, high-valent manganese(iv) mesoionic carbene complex is shown to be stable in five oxidation states, spanning a 3 Volt voltage range.
2D/3D spin crossover porous coordination polymers based on isomeric tetrapyridyl benzene ligands
Authors: Wu Wei-Wei , Ruan Ze-Yu , Shi Chen-Guang , Mai Jin-Tao , Cui Wen , Ni Zhao-Ping , Wu Si-Guo , Tong Ming-Liang
Published: April 2022

Topology and guest-dependent spin crossover behaviors are revealed in three-dimensional and two-dimensional porous coordination polymers based on the isomeric tetrapyridyl benzene ligands.
Structures of liquid and aqueous water isotopologues at ambient temperature from ab initio path integral simulations
Authors: Thomsen Bo , Shiga Motoyuki
Published: April 2022

We report our findings from ab initio path integral molecular dynamics simulations on the structural differences in the liquid phase of the isotopologues of water (H2O(l), D2O(l), T2O(l), HDO(aq) and HTO(aq)).
The coexistence of longτQTMand highUeffas a concise criterion for a good single-molecule magnet: a theoretical case study of square antiprism dysprosium single-ion magnets
Authors: Liu Hong , Li Jin-Feng , Yin Bing
Published: April 2022

A systematicab initiostudy suggests the co-existence of both longτQTMand highUeffas a concise criterion for high-performance SMMs.
Continuous flow for enantioselective cyanohydrin synthesis
Authors: Stradomska Dominika , Coloma José , Hanefeld Ulf , Szymańska Katarzyna
Published: April 2022

Enantiomerically pure cyanohydrins are of great importance in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and can be efficiently obtained under flow-through conditions using structured microreactors.
Computer-aided bimetallic catalyst screening for ester selective hydrogenation
Authors: Yan Wei-Qi , Zhou Rui-Jia , Jing Li-Jun , Cao Yue-Qiang , Zhou Jing-Hong , Sui Zhi-Jun , Li Wei , Chen De , Zhou Xing-Gui , Zhu Yi-An
Published: April 2022

Bimetallic catalyst screening for ester selective hydrogenation has been performed by combining microkinetic analysis and machine learning methods.
A comparative study of Rh2-catalyzed intermolecular nitrene transfer reactions: mechanism and chemoselectivity
Authors: Wang Juping , Zheng Kangcheng , Xiao Rongxing , Qian Li , Lin Zijie
Published: April 2022

The intermolecular catalytic mechanisms using Rh2(esp)2 and Rh2(OAc)4 are analogous and their large difference in aziridination-to-amination chemoselectivity stems from the steric effect.
LDPE cracking over mono- and divalent metal-doped beta zeolites
Authors: Kokuryo Shinya , Tamura Kazuya , Miyake Koji , Uchida Yoshiaki , Mizusawa Atsushi , Kubo Tadashi , Nishiyama Norikazu
Published: April 2022

This study evaluates the effect of loading various mono and divalent metals in Beta zeolite on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) cracking. We revealed that Tl and Ba ions enhanced Lewis acidity, leading to higher catalytic activity on LDPE cracking.
Resin glycosides in aerial parts of Ipomoea batatas are potent lipase inhibitors: potential upcycling of sweet potato by-products to combat obesity
Authors: Toy Joanne Yi Hui , Song Zhixuan , Huang Dejian
Published: April 2022

Extracts from Ipomoea batatas leaves can retard in vitro digestion of fats to combat obesity. Resin glycosides are noncompetitive pancreatic lipase inhibitors that can be upcycled from agricultural by-products.
The solution state and dissolution process of cellulose in ionic-liquid-based solvents with different hydrogen-bonding basicity and microstructures
Authors: Zhou Yan , Zhang Xiaocheng , Yin Dongxiao , Zhang Jinming , Mi Qinyong , Lu Hongchao , Liang Dehai , Zhang Jun
Published: April 2022

We demonstrated a clear and comprehensive description of the solution state, dissolution process, and regulation principle of cellulose in ionic liquids (ILs) and IL/co-solvent systems.
Cellulose-assisted electrodeposition of zinc for morphological control in battery metal recycling
Authors: Hoogendoorn B. W. , Parra M. , Capezza A. J. , Li Y. , Forsberg K. , Xiao X. , Olsson R. T.
Published: April 2022

This study demonstrates that nanocellulose can be used in zinc electrodeposition to promote the formation of more suitable deposits for efficient metal recycling.
Synthesis of ultrahigh-molecular-weight ethylene/1-octene copolymers with salalen titanium(iv) complexes activated by methyaluminoxane
Authors: Zou Baokang , Zhan Yipeng , Xie Xiuli , Zhang TongTong , Qiu Runkai , Zhu Fangming
Published: April 2022

Salalen titanium(iv) complex to prepare ultrahigh-molecular weight poly(ethylene-co-1-octene) in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO).
Cryostorage of unstable N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V by synthetic zwitterions
Authors: Hirata Tetsuya , Takekiyo Takahiro , Yoshimura Yukihiro , Tokoro Yuko , Ishizaki Takeru , Kizuka Yasuhiko , Kuroda Kosuke
Published: April 2022

We report biocompatible materials for cryostorage of unstable proteins such as cancer-related enzyme, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V).
The crystal structures, phase stabilities, electronic structures and bonding features of iridium borides from first-principles calculations
Authors: Zhang Jinquan , Jin Yuanyuan , Zhang Chuanzhao , Wang Yanqi , Tang Libiao , Li Song , Ju Meng , Wang Jingjing , Sun Weiguo , Dou Xilong
Published: April 2022

We mainly probe into phase stabilities, structural characters, elastic anisotropy and bonding features of the iridium borides under ambient pressure.
Facile hydrothermal synthesis of cobaltosic sulfide nanorods for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Song Yin , Ding Yuanhao , Yang Chenghua , Pei Xiaokang , Wang Guangxia , Zheng Dezhou , Xu Wei , Wang Fuxin , Lu Xihong
Published: April 2022

With high reactivity, electrical conductivity, theoretical specific capacitance and well redox reversibility, transition metal sulfides are considered as a promising anode material for supercapacitors.
Chains or rings? Polymorphism of an isoniazid derivative derivatized with diacetone alcohol
Authors: Scheepers Matthew C. , Fernandes Manuel A. , Lemmerer Andreas
Published: April 2022

Isoniazid was derivated with diacetone alcohol in a Schiff-base reaction in order to yield two polymorphs of N′-[(2E)-4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-ylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide.
Forward polarization enhanced all-polymer based sustainable triboelectric nanogenerator from oriented electrospinning PVDF/cellulose nanofibers for energy harvesting
Authors: Song Yiheng , Bao Jiangkai , Hu Yang , Cai Haopeng , Xiong Chuanxi , Yang Quanling , Tian Huafeng , Shi Zhuqun
Published: April 2022

A high performance all-polymer based sustainable triboelectric nanogenerator with recyclable properties enhanced by forward polarization for energy harvesting.
Direct and indirect effects on molecular mobility in renewable polylactide–poly(propylene adipate) block copolymers as studied via dielectric spectroscopy and calorimetry
Authors: Klonos Panagiotis A. , Terzopoulou Zoi , Zamboulis Alexandra , Valera Miguel Ángel , Mangas Ana , Kyritsis Apostolos , Pissis Polycarpos , Bikiaris Dimitrios N.
Published: April 2022

Molecular dynamics investigations of block copolymers based on renewable polymers, PLA and PPAd, via broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Effects of composition, chain length, and interchain associations.
Effective topical treatments using innovative NNO-tridentate vanadium(iv) complexes-mediated photodynamic therapy in a psoriasis-like mouse model
Authors: Lin Rong-Kai , Venkatesan Parthiban , Yeh Chao-Hsuan , Chien Ching-Ming , Lin Te-Shan , Lin Chi-Chen , Lin Chu-Chieh , Lai Ping-Shan
Published: April 2022

In a psoriasis-like mice model, NNO-tridentate vanadium(iv) complexes were synthesized for photodynamic therapy.
Interface compatibility: how to outperform classical spiro-OMeTAD in perovskite solar cells with carbazole derivatives
Authors: Kadi Zeinab , Wang Ru , Berton Nicolas , Kobeissi Marwan , Jiang Yue , Gao Jinwei , Schmaltz Bruno
Published: April 2022

A smart choice of the charge extraction materials is strongly impacting the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Perovskite fiber-shaped optoelectronic devices for wearable applications
Authors: Balilonda Andrew , Li Ziqi , Fu Yuequn , Zabihi Fatemeh , Yang Shengyuan , Huang Xinxin , Tao Xiaoming , Chen Wei
Published: April 2022

This review focuses on the progress in fiber-shaped self-powered perovskite devices, the benefits of the fiber geometry in optoelectronics, the challenges facing perovskites, and the possible recycling pathways of the material.
Abnormal area identification of corn ear based on semi‐supervised learning
Authors: Wei Jian , Ma Qin , Wang Weitao , Guo Hao , Liu Zhe , Zhang Jiajing
Published: April 2022

Screening corn ear is the key link in the breeding process of new varieties. But manual testing is difficult to measure the proportion of abnormal area. Meanwhile, the abnormal areas are mainly caused by mildew, moth and mechanical collision. A new refined semantic segmentation model was proposed based on the semi‐supervised learning method of generating antagonistic networks (GAN). Besides k‐means algorithm was used to remove a large amount of background information for data preprocessing. By using feature fusion and weighted loss function the model performance was improved. The introduction of transfer learning accelerated model convergence. Through the high‐throughput corn ear collection system, 1448 ear images (including abnormal conditions such as mildew, moth and mechanical damage) were collected and labelled. The proposed method was tested on real corn ear images with an accuracy of 0.950, mean precision of 0.933, mean IoU of 0.884, and FwIoU of 0.908. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance than general networks.
A free‐form surface flattening algorithm that minimizes geometric deformation energy
Authors: Zheng Pengfei , Liu Qing , Lou Jingjing , Lian Chengjie , Lin Dajun
Published: April 2022

Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of existing surface flattening algorithms, this paper proposes a free‐form surface flattening algorithm that minimizes geometric deformation by combining the advantages of the geometric flattening method and the mechanical energy flattening method to address the problems of many iterations, large changes in convergence, and weak visualization of deformation. The point cloud surface is meshed using the triangular slice search method, and the 3D surface mesh is wrapped around the surface using geometric mapping relationships. The initial correction and deformation analysis of the ring flatten graphic are carried out according to the average flattening error, and a global geometric deformation energy model is established to obtain the energy‐minimizing unfolding conditions and optimize the initial flattening graph by iterative optimization. The verification of the algorithm shows that the algorithm is general, has good robustness, high flattening accuracy, and visualizes the flattening deformation. The method is suitable for some design occasions of machining, such as the flattening calculation of automobile outer cladding parts and sheet metal parts. It is especially suitable for the flattening calculation of ring‐like parts, and is a good guide for the design calculation and stamping process of sheet‐metal‐like parts.
A domain‐adaptive method with cycle perceptual consistency adversarial networks for vehicle target detection in foggy weather
Authors: Guo Ying , Liang Rui‐lin , Cui You‐kai , Zhao Xiang‐mo , Meng Qiang
Published: April 2022

Foggy weather can cause such problems as blurred image information and the loss of image details, which may pose great challenges to road traffic target detection based on images and videos. In this study, we propose a domain‐adaptive road vehicle target detection method to implement domain adaptation for the real foggy scene. We firstly constructed a highway vehicle detection dataset with foggy images (HVFD), which contains normal weather images and foggy images and provides a complete data support for vehicle detection based on computer vision. Secondly, by improving CycleGAN we designed an improved generative confrontation network (CPGAN), which realised the style transfer between foggy images and normal weather images. Finally, we formulated a YOLOv4 target detection framework according to the domain adaptation based on the pre‐trained YOLOv4 fog vehicle detection model. The experimental results show that the method we put forward can effectively improve vehicle detection performance and reduce the work of manually labelling a large number of foggy image tags, which has a strong generalisation ability for computer vision‐based applications in low‐visibility weather.
The usage of building information modelling (BIM) towards reducing the unethical issues in the Malaysian construction industry
Authors: Mat Ya’acob Ibtisam Azwani , Yee Soo Ling , Rosli Nor Marina
Published: April 2022

Misconduct often happens in the construction industry because of its scale, complex contract structure, competitive and fragmented nature. It leads to an unethical issue. The unethical issues and the impacts hindered the development of the construction industry in Malaysia and affected the national growth development. As the construction industry is now moving forward to the 4th industrial revolution, it is worth investigating whether the adoption of digital transformation can make some changes to the unethical issues in the Malaysian construction industry. This research paper aims to examine the construction players' perception of the usage of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in reducing the unethical issues in the Malaysian construction industry. A quantitative research method is adopted and the data is collected by a questionnaire survey. There were a total of 101 responses received from the construction industry practitioners in Malaysia. Data collected was analysed by reliability test and descriptive test for further evaluation and analysis. The finding shows the usage of BIM through its function of 3D project visualization, clash detection, better communication flow, and centralised single repository data storage are potentially reduced unethical issues. This research provides a better understanding to the construction industry practitioners on the possibility of BIM implementation as a potential tool in reducing unethical issues in the construction industry.
Conceptual intelligent travel demand modelling framework for universities - Case study: King Abdulaziz University
Authors: Sindi Alaa
Published: April 2022

King Abdulaziz University provides its educational services to over 180 thousand students. The number of vehicles entering and existing the university’s reached 350 thousand vehicles per day; Based on that, the transportation network within and around the campus experiences high vehicles delay. The first step to deal with the issue is by developing a conceptual travel demand modelling framework, which set the map for developing the travel demand models. This research presents a conceptual travel demand modelling framework, which is divided into four stages: define the evaluation time period (short, mid, long time span), establish a data collection program, prioritize transportation issues at campus, and model the transportation issues and propose solutions. The university has various departments. Each one contributes to the transportation movement by one way or the other. The framework incorporates these departments in the modelling framework with the aid of technology with the aim of relieving the pressure on the university’s transportation network in a timely manner and with minimum cost. Implementation of this modelling framework showed that management strategies supported with specialized transportation studies will accomplish that aim, while in the same time, it will ensure a sustainable transportation system, and improve the quality of life.
Parametric finite element analysis to investigate flexural behavior of BFRP-FRC beams
Authors: Kewalramani Manish , Mohamed Osama , Badran Abdallah
Published: April 2022

Recently, most of researchers are focusing on the use of ecofriendly and natural fibers for reinforcement in concrete. One of the most recent materials that is being used is Basalt fiber due to its low cost and exceptional characteristics over glass and carbon fibers. This material is tested to be used as alternative to conventional steel reinforcement bars in reinforced concrete structures also. Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) bars are relatively new type of FRP reinforcement material. The present paper is a parametric study for flexural behavior of concrete members reinforced using BFRP rebars using finite element analysis (FEA). FEA software – Abaqus is used for numerical simulation of selected beams. A comparison between experimentally evaluated and numerically obtained load vs midspan deflection response of beam is presented. Due to a good agreement between these two approaches, FE model was used to conduct parametric study. The parameters that were changed from experimentally tested beams are number and size (diameter) of BFRP bars to study effect of reinforcement detailing and reinforcement ratio on load vs. midspan deflection response. A comparison between experimentally determined and numerically evaluated load vs midspan deflection response was carried out and found to be consistent with mean absolute percentage error of 4.80%.
Conceptual design of interlocking block utilizing lightweight expanded polystyrene concrete reinforced with kenaf fiber
Authors: Chen Zi Mun , Kwong Kok Zee , Lee Foo Wei , Lim Jee Hock
Published: April 2022

Concrete is the most used material in the construction industry in modern times, the concrete technology has also been well developed over the years. Carbon emissions from the built environment and its construction has been reported amounting to 38% of the total global emissions. Furthermore, waste management is a struggling issue. This study utilises the recycled expanded polystyrene and kenaf fiber, an agricultural by-product, incorporated into the concrete matrix. Compressive, split tensile and flexural strength has been done on the composite concrete and has shown good results by surpassing the target of 5.2 MN/m2, set according to the Malaysian Standard, MS 76:1972. The interlocking block is a possible application in the construction industry for cost effectiveness.
Mapping of ground surface deformations and its associated damage using SAR interferometry: a case study of the 2020 Masbate earthquake
Authors: Tiongson Samuel Francisco , Ramirez Ryan
Published: April 2022

The 2020 Masbate earthquake in the Philippines, with a moment magnitude 6.6, occurred on August 18, 2020. The earthquake dealt considerable damage to the surrounding areas. This study uses Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to investigate earthquake-induced damages. Conventional repeat-pass InSAR is used to quantify the ground surface displacement along the radar line-of-sight (LOS). The InSAR technique shows ground surface displacements greater than 15 cm. This study also implements a two-step coherence difference analysis coupled with a statistical temporal coherence threshold to map and delineate the locations of damages associated with the earthquake. The InSAR-derived damage locations are consistent with the actual locations of damages, as reported from a field survey. This study confirms the effectiveness and accuracy of Sentinel-1 InSAR techniques for earthquakeinduced damage mapping applications.
Seismic analysis of extended piles in sand considering effect of scouring and effect of water as added mass
Authors: Raja Mohammad Asif , Chiou Jiunn-Shyang
Published: April 2022

Scouring is one of the major causes of the failure of bridges and offshore wind turbines. Piles under extreme scouring and earthquake loads are vulnerable to failure and need to be investigated thoroughly. In this study, the seismic responses of an extended concrete pile with no scour and four scouring depths conditions are investigated under an input motion based on a Kobe earthquake record. The effect of water during an earthquake has a significant impact on the structure as hydrodynamic pressure; however, it is generally ignored in the seismic analysis of piles. The present study uses the concept of added mass to consider the effects of water. The combined soilstructure-interaction and shear beam model is used to simulate pile and soil using the beam-on-nonlinear-Winkler foundation (BNWF) method. Soil is divided into multiple layers with increasing shear modulus and the mass of each soil layer is lumped into two nodes of the layer. Modal analysis and nonlinear time history analysis are performed on different models. Results of the modal analysis show the decrease in fundamental frequencies of the pile with increasing scouring depths. The time history analysis results are reported in the form of Arias and Housner intensities, envelopes of acceleration, velocity, displacement of pile top, and envelopes of shear force and bending moment of the pile. Results show significant changes with scouring depth and the effect of water.
A numerical modelling on the effectiveness of bioretention system for dengue control
Authors: Choong Zhen Jie , Tan Cha Yao , Lim Chow Hock , Lim Sin Poh , Selvarajoo Anurita , Teo Fang Yenn
Published: April 2022

Conventional urban drainage structures that store water over time are habitat for the mosquito larvae. Appropriate stormwater management practices can help in preventing the breeding of the mosquito larvae. Thus, a study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a proposed bioretention system in controlling dengue at the campus university in Semenyih, Malaysia. The XP Stormwater Management Model (XPSWMM) was applied for the numerical analysis and modelling in this study. A series of simulations were carried out for the ARI of 2, 5, and 10 years to evaluate the performance under the two scenarios of conventional drainage system and bioretention system, taking into considerations the maximum water depth (stages), inflow volume from runoff, and pollutant load reduction from the sub-catchments to control the breeding of aedes mosquitoes. The simulated results indicated that the bioretention system is capable of reducing the maximum water depth (stages) of the sub-catchments to up to 85% as compared to the conventional drainage system. In addition, the reduction of the inflow volume from runoff ranges from 0.3% to 0.5% and the pollutant loads reduced by approximately 100%. The reduction in water depth and inflow volume will result in mitigating the risk of water stagnancy within all the sub-catchments of the study area. The simulated results demonstrated that bioretention system could be used effectively to control the breeding of mosquitoes. Hence, the findings obtained in this study can assist the decision makers of the university in the adoption of bioretention system to control dengue within the campus.
Chemical extraction methods for activated sludge extracellular polymeric substances (EPS): A review
Authors: Yap Branda Jian Tong , Heng Gan Chin , Ng Choon Aun
Published: April 2022

Waste activated sludge (WAS) is formed by a diverse microorganisms, organic and inorganic compounds merged and mixed together in an extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) network. EPS is a complex high-molecular weight macromolecules in WAS that happens to be one of the common analysis to determine the efficiency of treatment. Therefore, different extraction methods has been applied in order to achieve better EPS extraction yield. This paper serves as a base to review the commonly used chemical extraction methods to extract EPS components. The mechanisms, conditions and efficiencies of each of the chemical extraction methods were discussed and compared accordingly. The possible use of different chemical extraction methods for different type of activated sludge were summarized.
Thermovision analysis of heat and power plant chimneys technical condition
Authors: Kotrys-Działak Dagmara , Stokowiec Katarzyna , Mochocka Dominika , Sokołowski Marcin
Published: April 2022

This paper describes the thermovision analysis conducted on two types of chimneys: structural steel one and reinforced concrete one located in Kielce Heat and Power Plant, Poland. As a result of the research temperature distribution obtained from the thermograms were shown on the diagrams and analysed along their horizontal direction. It proves, both of the chimneys that were examined are in proper technical condition. The article also discusses the importance of the analysis as a diagnostic tool that allows early-stage detection of structural technical conditions and thermal insulation degradation. A factory’s chimney should work constantly to maintain its operation, since modifications in the production line caused by construction works are high cost and usually difficult to implement. However, analyses are critical to ensure chimneys are well maintained. The literature presents many examples of destructive influence of high temperature on the reinforced concrete chimneys. When failure of chimneys occurs, even the whole plant unit may be closed down. Thermography is then an ideal, non-destructive and cost-effective instrument for structure testing and can therefore be a useful, initial step to locate potential damage.
Efficacy and tolerability of colonoscopies in overweight and obese patients: Results from a national database on gastrointestinal endoscopic outcomes
Authors: Passi Monica , Rahman Farial , Koh Christopher , Kumar Sheila
Published: April 2022

Background and study aims Gastroenterologists are encountering a rising number of obese patients requiring colonoscopy. Existing literature regarding colonoscopy outcomes in this population is scant and conflicting. We analyzed a nationwide cohort of patients to identify the effects of body mass index (BMI) on colonoscopy success, efficacy, and tolerability.

Patients and methods The Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative (CORI) endoscopic database was queried for all colonoscopies in adults between 2008–2014. Patients were stratified into four cohorts based on BMI classification for comparison. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify the effect of BMI on procedure outcome, efficacy and tolerability.

Results Of 41,401 procedures, 27,696 met study inclusion criteria. Of these, 49.4 % were performed for colorectal cancer screening, most commonly under anesthesia directed sedation. Patient discomfort was the reason for an incomplete colonoscopy in 18.7 % of all cases, and more frequent among the overweight and obese cohorts. An inadequate bowel preparation was most common in the class III obesity cohort. Compared to the normal BMI group, a BMI ≥ 30 and < 40 kg/m2 was associated with an increased odds of an incomplete colonoscopy (P = 0.001for overweight, P = 0.0004 for class I/II obesity), longer procedure (P < 0.05 for all) and poorer tolerance (P < 0.0001 for class I/II obesity, P = 0.016 for class III obesity). Anesthesia-administered sedation was more commonly used than endoscopist directed sedation amongst the obese cohort compared with the normal BMI cohort (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions Endoscopists should consider the increased odds of incomplete colonoscopy, longer procedures, and poorer tolerance when performing colonoscopy in obese patients to improve clinical management and procedural outcome.
Impact of ≥ 0.1-mm free resection margins on local intramural residual cancer after local excision of T1 colorectal cancer
Authors: ter Borg Frank , Moons Leon M.G. , Gijsbers Kim M. , van der Schee Lisa , van Veen Tessa , van Berkel Annemarie M. , Boersma Femke , Bronkhorst Carolien M. , Didden Paul D. , Haasnoot Krijn J.C. , Jonker Anne M. , Kessels Koen , Knijn Nikki , van Lijnschoten Ineke , Mijnals Clinton , Milne Anya N. , Moll Freek C.P. , Schrauwen Ruud W.M. , Schreuder Ramon-Michel , Seerden Tom J. , Spanier Marcel B.W.M. , Terhaar Sive Droste Jochim S. , Witteveen Emma , de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel Wouter H. , Vleggaar Frank P. , Laclé Miangela M. ,   Dutch T1 CRC Working Group
Published: April 2022

Background and study aims A free resection margin (FRM) > 1 mm after local excision of a T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to be associated with a low risk of local intramural residual cancer (LIRC). The risk is unclear, however, for FRMs between 0.1 to 1 mm. This study evaluated the risk of LIRC after local excision of T1 CRC with FRMs between 0.1 and 1 mm in the absence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI), poor differentiation and high-grade tumor budding (Bd2–3).

Patients and methods Data from all consecutive patients with local excision of T1 CRC between 2014 and 2017 were collected from 11 hospitals. Patients with a FRM ≥ 0.1 mm without LVI and poor differentiation were included. The main outcome was risk of LIRC (composite of residual cancer in the local excision scar in adjuvant resection specimens or local recurrence during follow-up). Tumor budding was also assessed for cases with a FRM between 0.1 and 1mm.

Results A total of 171 patients with a FRM between 0.1 and 1 mm and 351 patients with a FRM > 1 mm were included. LIRC occurred in five patients (2.9 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.0–6.7 %) and two patients (0.6 %; 95 % CI 0.1–2.1 %), respectively. Assessment of tumor budding showed Bd2–3 in 80 % of cases with LIRC and in 16 % of control cases. Accordingly, in patients with a FRM between 0.1 and 1 mm without Bd2–3, LIRC was detected in one patient (0.8%; 95 % CI 0.1–4.4 %).

Conclusions In this study, risks of LIRC were comparable for FRMs between 0.1 and 1 mm and > 1 mm in the absence of other histological risk factors.
Efficacy of remimazolam versus midazolam for procedural sedation: post hoc integrated analyses of three phase 3 clinical trials
Authors: Schippers Frank , Stöhr Thomas , Dao Van-Anh
Published: April 2022

Background and study aims Remimazolam is an ultra-short acting, fast onset/fast offset benzodiazepine for intravenous use in procedural sedation, general anesthesia, and Intensive Care Unit sedation. The aim of this work was to compare the efficacy of remimazolam versus midazolam dosed according to medical practice (real-world midazolam) and midazolam dosed according to US prescribing information (on-label midazolam) for procedural sedation.

Patients and methods This post hoc analysis was performed using integrated data from three randomized, placebo, and active (midazolam) controlled, phase 3 clinical trials in patients undergoing colonoscopy and bronchoscopy. Statistical comparisons between treatment groups, without adjustment for potential confounding factors, were exploratory and observational in nature.

Results The mean ± SD dose of midazolam in the real-world midazolam group was 6.2 ± 3.1 mg, compared with 3.5 ± 1.5 mg in the on-label midazolam group. remimazolam showed significantly shorter time from first dose to start of procedure (median 3 minutes) compared to on-label midazolam (median 8 minutes). Recovery time from end of procedure to fully alert was significantly shorter for remimazolam (median 6 minutes) than real-world midazolam (median 14 minutes), enabling earlier transfer of patients from the procedure room to the recovery area with a lower requirement for patient monitoring. The onset and recovery times with remimazolam showed significantly less inter-patient variability than with on-label midazolam and real-world midazolam, respectively. Patients treated with remimazolam received significantly less fentanyl for analgesia (78.2 ± 28.4 µg) than did those treated with real-world midazolam (113.6 ± 60.1 µg) and on-label midazolam (92.5 ± 40.0 µg).

Conclusions Remimazolam offers advantages over midazolam in terms of faster recovery and less fentanyl requirement, which may facilitate increased procedural throughput in clinical practice.
Using fecal immunochemical test values below conventional cut-off to individualize colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Plantener Eva , Deding Ulrik , Madsen Jeppe Buur , Kroijer Rasmus , Madsen Jonna Skov , Baatrup Gunnar
Published: April 2022

Background and study aims Of the participants in the Danish screening program, 89.9 % to 92.5 % have fecal immunochemical test (FIT) values < 10 μg/g feces (equivalent to 50 ng hemoglobin/mL buffer). This study aimed to investigate the risk of interval colorectal cancer (CRC) in this group before the next biennial screening round.

Patients and methods This cohort study included all citizens from the region of Southern Denmark who participated in the Danish bowel screening program from 2014 trough 2016 and had a FIT value < 10 μg/g feces. Individuals receiving a CRC diagnosis were identified through the national CRC registry, with a follow up of 2 years corresponding to the current screening interval. We also examined the 3-year CRC incidence. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models.

Results Data from 185,654 citizens presenting with a FIT value < 10 μg/g feces were eligible for analysis. Overall, interval CRC incidence was 0.07 % within 2 years with HRs of 4.16 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.67;6.48) and 5.8 (95 % CI 3.34;10.05) for FIT values of 4 to 6.9 μg/g feces and 7 to 9.9 μg/g feces, respectively, compared to those having a FIT value below the limit of quantification of 4 μg/g feces. After 3 years, the overall CRC incidence increased to 0.14 %; however, this was not significant.

Conclusions This study demonstrates a positive correlation between FIT value and risk of interval cancer even for very low values. It further suggests that an increase in the screening interval could be reasonable in the low FIT categories.