bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On‐farm assessment of yield and quality traits in durum wheat
Authors: Tabbita Facundo , Ortiz‐Monasterio Iván , Piñera‐Chavez Francisco J. , Ibba María Itria , Guzmán Carlos
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Durum wheat is key source of calories and nutrients for many regions of the world. Demand for it is predicted to increase. Further efforts are therefore needed to develop new cultivars adapted to different future scenarios. Developing a novel cultivar takes, on average, 10 years and advanced lines are tested during the process, in general, under standardized conditions. Although evaluating candidate genotypes for commercial release under different on‐farm conditions is a strategy that is strongly recommended, its application for durum wheat and particularly for quality traits has been limited. This study evaluated the grain yield and quality performance of eight different genotypes across five contrasting farmers’ fields over two seasons. Combining different analysis strategies, the most outstanding and stable genotypes were identified.

RESULTS

The analyses revealed that some traits were mainly explained by the genotype effect (thousand kernel weight, flour sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume, and flour yellowness), others by the management practices (yield and grain protein content), and others (test weight) by the year effect. In general, yield showed the highest range of variation across genotypes, management practices, and years and test weight the narrowest range. Flour yellowness was the most stable trait across management conditions, while yield‐related traits were the most unstable. We also determined the most representative and discriminative field conditions, which is a beneficial strategy when breeders are constrained in their ability to develop multi‐environment experiments.

CONCLUSIONS

We concluded that assessing genotypes in different farming systems is a valid and complementary strategy for on‐station trials for determining the performance of future commercial cultivars in heterogeneous environments to improve the breeding process and resources. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Gelatin Methacryloyl Based Injectable Cryogels with Tunable Degradability for Cell Delivery
Authors: Dalal Neha , Challa Ramadevi , Thimukonda Jeyapriya J. , Tayalia Prakriti
Published: March 2023

Scaffold‐based cell delivery can improve therapeutic effects of transplanted cells in cell therapy. Biomaterial scaffolds serveas niche for cell growth and proliferation which improves cell survival and overall function post cell delivery. In this study, gelatin methacryloyl based injectable scaffolds made using poly(ethylene)glycol as a sacrificial polymer and cryogelation as a technique, are demonstrated to have tunable degradability and porosity that is required for cell and drug delivery applications. The pore size (10–142 µm) of these gels makes them suitable for loading different cell types as per the application. In vitro studies using mammalian cells confirm that these cryogels are cytocompatible. These cell‐laden scaffolds are injectable and have a cell retention ability of up to 90% after injection. Rheology is done to evaluate stiffness and shape recovery property, and it is found that these gels can maintain their original shape even after applying 7 cycles of strain from 0.1% to 20%. Furthermore, their degradability can be modulated between 6 and 10 days by changing the overall polymer composition. Thus, injectability and degradability of these cryogels can circumvent invasive surgical procedures, thereby making them useful for a variety of applications including delivery of cells and bioactive factors.
PRMT5 promotes ovarian cancer growth through enhancing Warburg effect by methylating ENO1
Authors: Xie Fei , Zhang Han , Zhu Kongkai , Jiang Cheng‐Shi , Zhang Xiaoya , Chang Hongkai , Qiao Yaya , Sun Mingming , Wang Jiyan , Wang Mukuo , Tan Junzhen , Wang Tao , Zhao Lianmei , Zhang Yuan , Lin Jianping , Zhang Chunze , Liu Shuangping , Zhao Jianguo , Luo Cheng , Zhang Shuai , Shan Changliang
Published: March 2023

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a major type II enzyme responsible for symmetric dimethylation of arginine (SDMA), and plays predominantly roles in human cancers, including in ovarian cancer. However, the exactly roles and underlying mechanisms of PRMT5 contributing to the progression of ovarian cancer mediated by reprogramming cell metabolism remain largely elusive. Here, we report that PRMT5 is highly expressed and correlates with poor survival in ovarian cancer. Knockdown or pharmaceutical inhibition of PRMT5 is sufficient to decrease glycolysis flux, attenuate tumor growth, and enhance the antitumor effect of Taxol. Mechanistically, we find that PRMT5 symmetrically dimethylates alpha‐enolase (ENO1) at arginine 9 to promotes active ENO1 dimer formation, which increases glycolysis flux and accelerates tumor growth. Moreover, PRMT5 signals high glucose to increase the methylation modification of ENO1. Together, our data reveal a novel role of PRMT5 in promoting ovarian cancer growth by controlling glycolysis flux mediated by methylating ENO1, and highlights that PRMT5 may represent a promising therapeutic target for treating ovarian cancer.
Otolaryngology Away Subinternships: An Analysis of the Application Process and Survey of Current Applicants' Perspectives
Authors: Cyberski Thomas , Tatineni Swetha , Shogan Andrea , Baroody Fuad M.
Published: March 2023

Objective

To assess the availability and uniformity of application information for away subinternships and survey 4th‐year medical students on their experiences obtaining away subinternships in otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery (OHNS) during the 2022 to 2023 application cycle.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Online survey.

Methods

The Association of American Medical College's Visiting Student Learning Opportunities (VSLO) program was queried for information on OHNS away subinternship applications. A survey assessing 4th‐year medical students' perceptions of the away subinternship application process was distributed via OHNS residency program directors and Otomatch.

Results

Of 129 OHNS residency programs, 103 (80%) offered away subinternship opportunities on VSLO. Variability in application release dates (January 18 to June 3, 2022), offer release dates (January 27 to August 7, 2022), and estimated cost ($22‐$5500) were found. The most common application requirements were a transcript (98.1%) and a CV/resume (90.3%). There were 64 survey respondents, for a 13% response rate. The most common concerns include applying to too few programs (80%) and not knowing offer release dates (77%). The most common stressors include choosing a number of programs to which to apply (48%) and cost (35%). The majority (76%) reported difficulty finding updated information on program websites. Among the proposed changes, the greatest support was found for having all applications on VSLO (88%), uniform application release date (84%), and uniform application requirements (82%).

Conclusion

The OHNS away subinternship application process is a significant source of anxiety for medical students due to the tremendous variability in application and acceptance procedures. Having all applications on VSLO, uniform application requirements, and uniform application opening and offer release dates would better facilitate this process.
Survival effect of complete surgical resection of the primary tumor in patients with metastatic, high‐risk neuroblastoma in a large Canadian cohort
Authors: Seemann Natashia M. , Erker Craig , Irwin Meredith S. , Lopushinsky Steven R. , Kulkarni Ketan , Fernandez Conrad V. , Romao Rodrigo L. P.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To determine whether extent of surgical resection of the primary tumor correlates with survival in patients with International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage 4, high‐risk neuroblastoma.

Methods

Data were extracted for patients with newly diagnosed INSS stage 4, high‐risk neuroblastoma between 2001 and 2019 from the national Cancer in Young People in Canada (CYPC) database. Complete resection was defined as gross total resection of primary tumor based on operative reports. Primary endpoints were 3 and 5‐year event‐free (EFS) and overall survival (OS). Survival analyses were completed using log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression including covariates of age, sex, decade of treatment (2001–2009 vs. 2010–2019), immunotherapy, and tandem stem cell transplant (SCT).

Results

One‐hundred and forty patients with complete surgical data were included. On univariate analysis, 3‐year EFS and OS for patients that had complete versus incomplete resection was 71% (95% CI 57–80%) vs. 48% (36–60%) and 86% (75–93%) vs. 64% (51–74%), p = .008 and p = .002, respectively. 5‐year EFS and OS for patients with complete resection also demonstrated significantly improved survival. On Cox Proportional Hazards models adjusted for age, immunotherapy, tandem SCT, and surgical resection, only complete resection was associated with statistically significant improved 3 year EFS and OS, HR = 0.48 (0.29–0.81; p = .006) and HR = 0.42 (0.24–0.73; p = .002).

Conclusions

In a large Canadian INSS stage 4 high‐risk neuroblastoma cohort, complete surgical resection was associated with increased EFS and OS. Within the constraints of a retrospective study, these results suggest that the ability to achieve primary tumor complete resection in patients with metastatic high‐risk disease is associated with improved survival.
A simple procedure to identify children with B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia who can be successfully treated with low or moderate intensity: Sequential versus single‐point minimal residual disease measurement
Authors: Popov Alexander , Henze Guenter , Roumiantseva Julia , Budanov Oleg , Belevtsev Mikhail , Verzhbitskaya Tatiana , Boyakova Elena , Movchan Liudmila , Tsaur Grigory , Fadeeva Maria , Lagoyko Svetlana , Zharikova Liudmila , Miakova Natalia , Litvinov Dmitry , Khlebnikova Olga , Streneva Olga , Stolyarova Elena , Ponomareva Natalia , Novichkova Galina , Fechina Larisa , Aleinikova Olga , Karachunskiy Alexander
Published: March 2023

Sequential monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) by molecular techniques or multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) has emerged over the past two decades as the primary tool to optimize treatment in pediatric B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL). The aim of our study was to compare the prognostic power of repeated MFC–MRD measurement with single‐point MRD assessment in children with BCP‐ALL treated with the reduced‐intensity protocol ALL‐MB 2008. Data from consecutive MFC–MRD at day 15 and day 36 (end of induction, EOI) were available for 507 children with Philadelphia‐negative BCP‐ALL. They were stratified into standard risk (SR, n = 265), intermediate risk (ImR, n = 211), and high risk (HR, n = 31) according to the initial clinical characteristics defined in the ALL‐MB 2008 protocol. Quantitative (relative to quantitative thresholds) and kinetic (logarithmic reduction) assessments of MFC–MRD at both time points effectively separated patients into three groups with different risk of recurrence. On the other hand, starting with low (for the SR group) and moderate (for the ImR group) induction therapy, a single MFC–MRD measurement at EOI proved sufficient to unequivocally identify patients in whom this therapy is highly effective and distinguish them from those who cannot be successfully treated with such therapy. Therefore, initiating treatment with low or moderate treatment from the start, together with careful consideration of initial clinical risk factors and just one EOI–MFC–MRD measurement is simple, inexpensive, and entirely sufficient for treatment optimization. Furthermore, for a large proportion of patients, this approach allows better adjustment, in particular also reduction of therapy intensity than sequential MRD measurements.
Extracellular vesicles released during hypoxia transport heparanase and enhance macrophage migration, endothelial tube formation and cancer cell stemness
Authors: Tripathi Kaushlendra , Bandari Shyam K. , Sanderson Ralph D.
Published: March 2023

Heparanase is upregulated during the progression of most cancers and via its enzyme activity promotes extracellular matrix degradation, angiogenesis and cell migration. Heparanase expression is often associated with enhanced tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance. We previously demonstrated that increased heparanase (HPSE) expression in tumor cells enhances secretion and alters the composition of tumor‐released exosomes. In the present study, we discovered that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by human multiple myeloma cells growing in hypoxic conditions exhibited elevated levels of HPSE cargo compared to EVs from cells growing in normoxic conditions. When macrophages (RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage‐like cells) were exposed to EVs released by tumor cells growing in either hypoxic or normoxic conditions, macrophage migration and invasion was elevated by EVs from hypoxic conditions. The elevated invasion of macrophages was blocked by a monoclonal antibody that inhibits HPSE enzyme activity. Moreover, the HPSE‐bearing EVs from hypoxic cells greatly enhanced endothelial cell tube formation consistent with the known role of HPSE in promoting angiogenesis. EVs from hypoxic tumor cells when compared with EVs from normoxic cells also enhanced cancer stemness properties of both CAG and RPMI 8226 human myeloma cells. Together these data indicate that under hypoxic conditions, tumor cells secrete EVs having an elevated level of HPSE as cargo. These EVs can act on both tumor and nontumor cells, enhancing tumor progression and tumor cell stemness that likely supports chemoresistance and relapse of tumor.
The development and preliminary implementation evaluation of the Fear Of Recurrence Therapy intervention virtual training workshop
Authors: Lamarche Jani , Sehabi Ghizlène , Chu Alanna , Boudjatat Wassim Adlane , Giguère Lauriane , Langmuir Tori , Maheu Christine , Lebel Sophie
Published: March 2023

Key points

Several fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) interventions have demonstrated their efficacy but are not yet implemented in routine clinical care.

Clinicians have expressed an interest in receiving FCR training, but access and availability are limited.

This paper reports on the evaluation of a 5h workshop over 2 days on the Fear Of Recurrence Therapy (FORT) intervention.

40 international psychosocial oncology clinicians were provided the workshop at no cost. Evaluation measures included feedback on the workshop, and preliminary outcome measures of their knowledge, self‐efficacy, usage, and implementation barriers/enablers.

Majority of participants utilized some or most of the FORT intervention. Results from the training indicate that it was effective, feasible and acceptable.
Oxymatrine suppresses colorectal cancer progression by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation through mitophagy induction in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liang Li , Sun Weiliang , Wei Xiaoxuan , Wang Li , Ruan Huaqiang , Zhang Junchuan , Li Suyan , Zhao Bi , Li Mengshi , Cai Zhengwen , Huang Jie'an
Published: March 2023

Chinese herb Radix sophorae tonkinensis extract oxymatrine shows anticancer effects. This study evaluated the role of oxymatrine in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the underlying molecular events in vitro and in vivo. CRC cells were treated with different doses of oxymatrine to assess cell viability, reactive oxygen species production, gene expression, and gene alterations. Meanwhile, mouse xenograft and liver metastasis models were used to assess the effects of oxymatrine using histology examination, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot, respectively. Our results showed that oxymatrine treatment triggered CRC cell mitophagy to inhibit CRC cell growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. At the gene level, oxymatrine inhibited LRPPRC to promote Parkin translocation into the mitochondria and reduce the mitophagy‐activated NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, oxymatrine had an anticancer activity through LRPPRC inhibition, mitophagy induction, and NLRP3 inflammasome suppression in the CRC cell xenograft and liver metastasis models. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the oxymatrine anti‐ CRC activity through its unique role in regulating CRC cell mitophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome levels in vitro and in vivo.
Long‐term prognosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis treated with therapeutic low‐density lipoprotein‐apheresis in patients with severe kidney dysfunction and proteinuria
Authors: Kitajima Shinji , Osima Megumi , Ogura Hisayuki , Nakagawa Shiori , Yamamura Yuta , Miyake Taito , Miyagawa Taro , Toyama Tadashi , Hara Akinori , Sakai Norihiko , Shimizu Miho , Wada Takashi , Iwata Yasunori
Published: March 2023

Background

The prognosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis patients with nephrotic syndrome is estimated to be 10%–20% in 5 years and 30%–50% in 10 years, leading to end‐stage kidney disease. The response rate with steroid therapy is 40%–60%. Therapeutic low‐density lipoprotein‐apheresis (LDL‐A) may be effective in patients with steroid resistance. Information regarding the long‐term prognosis of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis receiving this therapy is scarce.

Methods

We investigated the effectiveness of treatment in 50 patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis diagnosed between 1961 and 2017 at Kanazawa University Hospital and related facilities. The patients were observed at least 12 months after biopsy or until end‐stage kidney disease occurrence or death.

Results

LDL‐A was performed in four patients who presented with steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome (two patients had concurrent acute renal failure for which hemodialysis was performed). In comparison with 17 patients who did not receive LDL‐A after 1989, the LDL‐A group had higher urinary protein excretion (13.7 vs. 5.2 g/day, P = 0.053) and serum creatinine (4.11 vs. 1.65 mg/dL) levels at onset, and a numerically higher remission rate (75.0% vs. 58.7%) compared with the nonlipoprotein‐apheresis group.

Conclusion

Therapeutic LDL‐A can be performed for critical cases and may improve the remission rate.
Characterizing adaptive teaching expertise: Teacher profiles based on epistemic orientation and knowledge of epistemic tools
Authors: Suh Jee K. , Hand Brian , Dursun Jale E. , Lammert Catherine , Fulmer Gavin
Published: March 2023

With an ultimate goal of characterizing teachers' movement toward understanding the epistemic complexity of generative learning environments, this study refers to adaptive teaching expertise (AdTex) as a developmental teaching capacity observable through a teacher's ability to utilize various resources to address the epistemic complexity of knowledge generation practices. The analysis and discussions centered on how teachers develop and utilize epistemic orientation and understandings of epistemic tools for adaptive teaching, making this study distinct from previous research on AdTex. In particular, this study shows a new way to create systematic profiles of AdTex based on the multiple qualitative data sources, including vignettes, interviews, and reflections collected through a multiple‐case study with 24 teachers. The qualitative profile analysis suggests that the development of epistemic resources is closely related to teachers' attention to student ideas, student agency, and a balance between flexibility and productivity regardless of context. The analysis demonstrates that the development of epistemic resources can represent the degree of development of AdTex and provide a rich research pathway for future analysis.
Unpacking the sustainable development goals (SDGs) interlinkages: A semantic network analysis of the SDGs targets
Authors: Song Jaemin , Jang Chang‐Ho
Published: March 2023

Understanding sustainable development goal (SDG) targets and their interlinkages is crucial for achieving national and local SDGs since policies must be designed and implemented at the target level rather than at the macro goal level. However, due to their extensive nature, it remains challenging to fully determine their interlinkages. This study aims to identify the interlinkages between the SDG targets, employing a semantic network analysis with text‐mining and Word2Vec machine‐learning methodology. The network analysis of the entire SDG target network reveals that each community of closely connected targets comprises targets from multiple SDG goals, while targets within the same SDG goal also belong to different communities. The findings indicate that the current framework of 17 SDG goals may not be a suitable basis for developing SDG policies. Instead, intersectoral strategies focusing on a community of interconnected targets that necessitate coordination based on their actual interlinkages are required.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Surgical Management of Skin Cancers of the Head, Face and Neck in Elderly Patients
Authors: Borg Tiffanie-Marie , Eisold Jessica , Miyanjo Yusuf , Pappa Elena
Published: March 2023

Background

The Corona Virus (COVID-19) has had a profound impact on healthcare systems worldwide, with interruptions to medical practices including the delivery of cancer treatment. Skin cancer is one of the leading causes of malignancy worldwide, with later stages of disease correlating to poorer prognosis. Immunocompromized and elderly patients represent populations that are at higher risk for adverse outcomes related to skin cancer, treatment delay and COVID-19 infection.

Methodology

Patients aged 65 and above who underwent surgical management of skin cancers from 31 January 2020 to 31 January 2021 were included in this study then compared with samples pre- and post-pandemic. Retrospective analysis was performed regarding: date of referral to date of surgery, skin cancer type, location of cancer, surgery performed, anaesthesia used, sutures used and outcomes. Data was compared to national guidelines.

Results

Five hundred and twenty skin cancers were included in this analysis, of which 340 were treated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the cohort treated during the pandemic, 44.2% (n = 111) received excision and direct closure, 13.1% (n = 33) underwent reconstruction by integra dermal substitute, 3.2% (n = 8) by split thickness skin graft, 6.4% (n = 16) by full thickness skin grafts and 33.1% (n = 83) by local flaps. Complete excision was achieved in 88.5% of cases (n = 301). The mean time from referral to surgery was 119 days. There were no deaths associated with COVID-19.

Conclusion

Safe and prompt treatment of head and neck skin cancers is achievable despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Measures to minimize infection risk include the use of teledermatology, reliable COVID-19 testing, Green Pathways and a reduction in the mean referral to surgery time.
Structural Engineering Enabled Bimetallic (Ti1‐yNby)2AlC Solid Solution Structure for Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption in Gigahertz
Authors: Xu Tongtong , Li Jun , Zhao Dongpeng , Chen Xiping , Sun Guangai , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: March 2023

Microstructures play a critical role to influence the polarization behavior of dielectric materials, which determines the electromagnetic response ability in gigahertz. However, the relationship between them, especially in the solid‐solution structures is still absent. Herein, a series of (Ti1‐yNby)2AlC MAX phase solid solutions with nano‐laminated structures have been employed to illuminate the aforementioned problem. The relationship has been investigated by the lattice distortion constructed via tuning the composition from Ti to Nb in the M‐site atomic layer. Experimental characterizations indicated that the dielectric response behaviors between declined conduction loss and boosted polarization loss can be well balanced by niobium atom manipulative solid‐solution engineering, which is conducive to impedance matching and electromagnetic absorption performance. Theoretical calculation further proved that the origin of electric dipoles is ascribed to the charge density differences resulting from the altered microscopic atomic distribution. As a result, the Ti1.2Nb0.8AlC exhibits the mostly optimized microwave absorption property, in which a minimum reflection loss of −42 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.3 GHz under an ultra‐thin thickness of 1.4 mm can be obtained. This work provides insight into the structural engineering in modifying electromagnetic response performance at gigahertz and which can be expanded to other solid‐solution materials.
Moiré Superlattice Structure in Two‐Dimensional Catalysts: Synthesis, Property and Activity
Authors: Wang Li , Yin Sisi , Yang Jianping , Dou Shi Xue
Published: March 2023

Two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials have been widely used as catalysts due to their high specific surface area, large fraction of uncoordinated surface atoms, and high charge carrier mobility. Moiré superlattice emerges in 2D layered materials with twist angle or lattice mismatch. By manipulating the moiré superlattice structure, 2D layered materials present modulated electronic band structure, topological edge states, and unconventional superconductivity which are tightly associated with the performance of catalysts. Hence, engineering moiré superlattice structures are proposed to be an important technology in modifying 2D layered materials for improved catalytic properties. However, currently, the investigation of moiré superlattice structure in a catalytic application is still in its infancy. This perspective starts with the discussion of structural features and fabrication strategy of 2D materials with moiré superlattice structure. Afterward, the catalytic applications, including electrocatalytic and photocatalytic applications, are summarized. In particular, the promotion mechanism of the catalytic performance caused by the moiré superlattice structure is proposed. Finally, the perspective is concluded by outlining the remaining challenges and possible solutions for the future development of 2D materials with moiré superlattice structure towards the catalytic applications.
Band Modification and Localized Lattice Engineering Leads to High Thermoelectric Performance in Ge and Bi Codoped SnTe–AgBiTe2 Alloys
Authors: Nie Chang , Wang Chong , Xu Yongjie , Liu Yuxin , Niu Xiaojian , Li Shuang , Gong Yaru , Hou Yunxiang , Zhang Xuemei , Zhang Dewei , Li Di , Zhang Yongsheng , Tang Guodong
Published: March 2023

SnTe, emerging as an environment‐friendly alternative to conventional PbTe thermoelectrics, has drawn significant attention for clean energy conversion. Here, a high peak figure of merit (ZT) of 1.45 at 873 K in Ge/Bi codoped SnTe–AgBiTe2 alloys is reported. It is demonstrated that the existence of Ge, Bi, and Ag facilitate band convergence in SnTe, resulting in remarkable enhancement of Seebeck coefficient and power factor. Simultaneously, localized lattice imperfections including dislocations, point defects, and micro/nanopore structures are caused by incorporation of Ge, Bi, and Ag, which can effectively scatter heat carrying phonons with different wavelengths and contribute to an extremely low κL of 0.61 W m−1 K−1 in Sn0.92Ge0.04Bi0.04Te–10%AgBiTe2. Such high peak ZT is achieved by decouples electron and phonon transport through band modification and localized lattice engineering, highlighting promising solutions for advancing thermoelectrics.
Chiral Bisphosphoric Acids and Their Applications in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Han Zhi‐Yong , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: March 2023

Asymmetric Brønsted acid catalysis has been recognized as a powerful concept for asymmetric synthesis. In the process of pursuing more robust and highly effective chiral Brønsted acid catalysts, chiral bisphosphoric acids have received much attention in the last two decades. Their unique catalytic properties are mainly attributed to the inherent intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions that could increase the overall acidity and tune the conformation property. Integrating hydrogen bonding into the catalyst design, quite a few structurally unique and effective bisphosphoric acids have been synthesized, which frequently exhibited superior selectivity in a broad range of asymmetric transformations. This review summarizes the status quo of chiral bisphosphoric acid catalysts and their applications in catalyzing asymmetric transformations.
Efficacy of autonomous recording units to evaluate wild turkey gobbling chronology in North Carolina, USA
Authors: Kreh Christopher D. , Pease Brent S. , Pacifici Krishna
Published: March 2023

Wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)gobbling is a key component of hunter satisfaction, also providing insight into the underlying reproductive ecology of wild turkeys that can inform regulatory decisions. However, monitoring gobbling chronology over large geographic areas can be logistically challenging and identifying efficient monitoring schemes can help wildlife agencies better manage the species. We evaluated the efficacy and utility of autonomous recording units (ARUs) to detect wild turkey gobbles and deployed 51 ARUs to monitor gobbling chronology in North Carolina, USA. We conducted controlled field‐tests at 20 locations to compare how detection of gobbles differed by ARU software, manual review of ARUs, and in‐field human observers. Autonomous detections had the lowest probability, with detection probabilities approaching 0 at 300 m from the ARU. Autonomous detections of gobbles were affected by leaf‐on conditions and topographical interference while vegetation type surrounding ARUs had minimal and inconsistent effects on detection. We deployed ARUs on properties with little or no turkey hunting across North Carolina from March–May during 2016 through 2019 to explore annual and regional variation in gobbling chronology. We used ARUs to monitor gobbling chronology and recorded 53,943 hours of audio files from which we confirmed 113,737 gobbles out of a total of 602,053 possible sound events identified. We identified multimodal gobbling chronology across 3 primary physiographic regions in North Carolina. We also found comparable timing of gobbling chronology across the 3 regions, with 57–61% of gobbling occurring during the weeks in which hunting seasons occur. We recommend that researchers validate ARU performance to calibrate monitoring of gobbling chronology. Additionally, our gobbling chronology data suggest that a statewide framework, rather than a regionally split framework, is appropriate for wild turkey hunting in North Carolina.
A U-spin anomaly in charm CP violation
Authors: Schacht Stefan
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Recent LHCb data shows that the direct CP asymmetries of the decay modes D0 → π+π− and D0 → K+K− have the same sign, violating an improved U-spin limit sum rule in an unexpected way at 2.1σ. From the new data, we determine for the first time the imaginary part of the CKM-subleading, U-spin breaking ∆U = 1 correction to the U-spin limit ∆U = 0 amplitude. The imaginary part of the ∆U = 0 amplitude is determined by $$ \Delta {a}_{\textrm{CP}}^{\textrm{dir}} $$
∆

a
CP
dir

. The corresponding strong phases are yet unknown and could be extracted in the future from time-dependent measurements. Assuming $$ \mathcal{O}(1) $$
O

1

strong phases due to non-perturbative rescattering, we find the ratio of U-spin breaking to U-spin limit contributions to the CKM-subleading amplitudes to be $$ \left({173}_{\hbox{--} 74}^{+85}\right)\% $$

173

–
74

+
85

%
. This highly exceeds the Standard Model (SM) expectation of ~ 30% U -spin breaking, with a significance of 1.95σ. If this puzzle is confirmed with more data in the future, in the SM it would imply the breakdown of the U -spin expansion in CKM-subleading amplitudes of charm decays. The other solution are new physics models that generate an additional ∆U = 1 operator, leaving the U-spin power expansion intact. Examples for the latter option are an extended scalar sector or flavorful Z′ models.
Mathematical Language to Reveal the Geometry of Shapes
Authors: Ceracchi Michela
Published: March 2023

This research reflects on using mathematics for processing and interpreting data obtained from digital surveying. The experiments outlined in this study demonstrate how mathematical algorithms, which can be written in computational environments like Wolfram Mathematica, can reveal the geometric structure of an architectural artifact.
Holographic Characterisation of Locally Anti-de Sitter Spacetimes
Authors: McGill Alex
Published: March 2023

It is shown that an $$(n+1)$$

(
n
+
1
)

-dimensional asymptotically anti-de Sitter solution of the Einstein-vacuum equations is locally isometric to pure anti-de Sitter spacetime near a region of the conformal boundary if and only if the boundary metric is conformally flat and (for $$n \ne 4$$

n
≠
4

) the boundary stress–energy tensor vanishes, subject to (i) sufficient (finite) regularity in the metric and (ii) the satisfaction of a conformally invariant geometric criterion on the boundary region. A key tool in the proof is the Carleman estimate of Chatzikaleas and Shao (Commun Math Phys, 2022)—a generalisation of previous work by the author with McGill and Shao in (Class Quant Gravity 38(5), 2020)—which is applied to prove a unique continuation result for the Weyl curvature at the conformal boundary given vanishing to sufficiently high order over the boundary region.
Embedding Dimensions of Simplicial Complexes on Few Vertices
Authors: Frick Florian , Hu Mirabel , Scheel Verity , Simon Steven
Published: March 2023

We provide a simple characterization of simplicial complexes on few vertices that embed into the d-sphere. Namely, a simplicial complex on $$d+3$$

d
+
3

vertices embeds into the d-sphere if and only if its non-faces do not form an intersecting family. As immediate consequences, we recover the classical van Kampen–Flores theorem and provide a topological extension of the Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem. By analogy with Fáry’s theorem for planar graphs, we show in addition that such complexes satisfy the rigidity property that continuous and linear embeddability are equivalent.
Multi-stage metal enrichment and formation of gold mineralization in black shales: the role of high heat flow in a rift setting
Authors: Pašava Jan , Ackerman Lukáš , Žák Jiří , Svojtka Martin , Magna Tomáš , Pour Ondřej , Trubač Jakub , Veselovský František
Published: March 2023

Black shales may serve as an important source of metals such as Co, Ni, or As, largely due to anoxic to euxinic conditions in association with high concentrations of sulfur leading to efficient scavenging and transport of metals from seawater into the seafloor sediment. We report on an unusual type of Au mineralization newly discovered in Ediacaran trench-slope black shales in the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic. The Au enrichment is related to the formation of a quartz–sulfide vein system and a progressive evolution of ore-forming fluids with decreasing temperature, from Sb- to As-rich to final precipitation of native gold from silica and Au-bearing low-temperature hydrothermal colloidal solutions. The hydrothermal nature of these solutions is also documented by Li contents and isotope compositions which differ markedly between barren black shales and those carrying significant late-stage quartz-rich veins. The structural relationships and orientation of the associated quartz veins point to a close connection between vein emplacement and high heat flow in response to Ordovician rifting, and breakup of the northern margin of Gondwana, and opening of the Rheic Ocean. This triggered metal and sulfur remobilization, including Au, from the associated Neoproterozoic–Cambrian volcanosedimentary successions. The documented Au mineralization and its association with the Ordovician rift-related magmatic activity is different from the widespread Variscan Au occurrences in the Bohemian Massif. Our study thus provides a new genetic model potentially important for future exploration of Au also in other terrains underlain by a rifted Cadomian basement.
Video analysis of Achilles tendon ruptures in professional male football (soccer) reveals underlying injury patterns and provides strategies for injury prevention
Authors: Hoenig Tim , Gronwald Thomas , Hollander Karsten , Klein Christian , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Ueblacker Peter , Rolvien Tim
Published: March 2023

Purpose

In professional football (soccer), Achilles tendon ruptures are severe injuries. Video analysis promotes a better understanding of the underlying situational and biomechanical patterns, and provides a roadmap for future research to improve the management and prevention of Achilles tendon ruptures. The purpose of this study was to identify injury patterns contributing to acute Achilles tendon ruptures in professional male football players.

Methods

Professional male football players with an acute Achilles tendon rupture were identified using an online database. For every in-competition injury, the corresponding football match was detected. Video footage of the injury was accessed using Wyscout.com or publicly available video databases. Situational patterns and injury biomechanics of the injury frame were independently analysed by two reviewers using a standardised checklist and a motion analysis software. Finally, consensus was reached to describe the main injury patterns of Achilles tendon ruptures in professional male football players.

Results

The search identified video footage of 80 Achilles tendon ruptures in 78 players. Most injuries (94%) occurred through indirect or non-contact mechanisms. The kinematic analysis revealed characteristic joint positions at the time of injury consisting of hip extension, knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion, foot abduction, and foot pronation in most cases. The underlying direction of movement was from flexion to extension (knee) and from plantarflexion to dorsiflexion (ankle). Player actions identified as main injury patterns were stepping back (26%), landing (20%), running/sprinting (18%), jumping (13%), and starting (10%).

Conclusion

Most Achilles tendon ruptures in professional male football players are closed-chain indirect or non-contact injuries. Sudden loading to the plantarflexor musculotendinous unit remains to be the main component for most cases. By achieving a better understanding of underlying injury mechanisms, this study provides new strategies for the prevention of Achilles tendon ruptures.

Level of evidence

Level IV.
The étale symmetric Künneth theorem
Authors: Hoyois Marc
Published: March 2023

Let k be an algebraically closed field, $$l\ne {{\,\textrm{char}\,}}k$$

l
≠

char

k

a prime number, and X a quasi-projective scheme over k. We show that the étale homotopy type of the dth symmetric power of X is $$\textbf{Z}/l$$

Z
/
l

-homologically equivalent to the dth strict symmetric power of the étale homotopy type of X. We deduce that the $$\textbf{Z}/l$$

Z
/
l

-local étale homotopy type of a motivic Eilenberg–Mac Lane space is an ordinary Eilenberg–Mac Lane space.
Balloon Eustachian tuboplasty for obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction: retrospective multicentre cohort study of 248 patients
Authors: Sandoval Marta , Navarro Juan-J , Martínez-Beneyto Paz , Herrera Mayte , Alfaro Jorge , López Felipe , Marco Jaime , Plaza Guillermo
Published: March 2023

Objective

To present the results after balloon eustachian tuboplasty (BET) in patients with obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction (OETD) grouped up into: baro-challenge, chronic serous otitis media and adhaesive otitis media.

Methods

A retrospective study was carried out on patients who underwent BET surgery. As outcome measures, otoscopy, tympanometry, Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7 (ETDQ-7) and ability to perform the Valsalva manoeuvre were recorded at baseline and at 3, 12 and 24 months after BET. A p value of 0.05 was used to indicate a statistically significant difference for all statistical tests.

Results

Three hundred and nineteen ears (248 patients) were included with a 3-month follow-up, 272 ears had a 12-month follow-up, and 171 ears had 24-month follow-up. Globally, a statistical significance improvement in all groups in all outcome measures was found. According to BET indication, in the baro-challenge group, there was no improvement in otoscopy, but ETDQ-7, Valsalva manoeuvre and tympanogram improved significantly. In the chronic serous otitis media group, otoscopy, ETDQ-7 and Valsalva manoeuvre were significantly improved in all the three timelines, including the avoidance of a new transtympanic tube after the BET in over 80% of cases. In the adhaesive otitis media group, Valsalva manoeuvre improved significantly, ETDQ-7 decreased and tympanogram improved but not significantly. Few mild complications were reported.

Conclusions

BET is an effective method for the treatment of OETD in all etiologic groups. The greatest benefit was observed in patients with baro-challenge. A long-term follow-up is recommended since the benefit seems to increase over time.
The use of isCGM leads to marked reduction in severe hypoglycemia requiring emergency medical service or hospital admission and diabetic ketoacidosis in adult type 1 diabetes patients
Authors: Mustonen Jyrki , Rautiainen Päivi , Lamidi Marja-Leena , Lavikainen Piia , Martikainen Janne , Laatikainen Tiina
Published: March 2023

Aims

To determine the effect of the use of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) on acute diabetes-related complications in adult type 1 diabetes patients.

Methods

Six hundred and forty-two adult type 1 diabetes patients with isCGM were identified from electronic health records in Siun sote region in Eastern Finland. A retrospective real-world analysis was conducted combining hospital admission and prehospital emergency service data to compare incidences of hypoglycemia requiring emergency medical support (EMS) involvement or hospital admission and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) before and after the start of isCGM. Data were collected from January 2015 to April 2020. Primary outcome was the rate of hypoglycemia requiring EMS involvement or hospital admission and DKA events. HbA1c was recorded at the start of isCGM and was compared with the last known HbA1c during the use of isCGM. The isCGM used in the study did not contain alarm functions.

Results

Altogether 220 hypoglycemic events were identified during the study period. Incidence rate of hypoglycemic events decreased after the start of isCGM (72 events, incidence rate 50 events/1000 person-years) compared with the time before the start (148 events, incidence rate 76 events/1000 person-years) (p = 0.043). The incidence rate of DKA decreased after the start of isCGM compared with time before isCGM use (4 and 15 events/1000 person-years, respectively; p = 0.002). The change in mean HbA1c was − 0.28% (− 3.1 mmol/mol) between baseline and the last HbA1c measurement (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In addition to lowering HbA1c in type 1 diabetes patients, isCGM is also effective in preventing acute diabetes-related complications such as hypoglycemia requiring EMS involvement or hospital admission and DKA.
A characterization of the symmetry groups of mono-monostatic convex bodies
Authors: Domokos Gábor , Lángi Zsolt , Várkonyi Péter L.
Published: March 2023

Answering a question of Conway and Guy (SIAM Rev. 11:78-82, 1969), Lángi (Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 54: 501-516, 2022) proved the existence of a monostable polyhedron with n-fold rotational symmetry for any $$n \ge 3$$

n
≥
3

, and arbitrarily close to a Euclidean ball. In this paper we strengthen this result by characterizing the possible symmetry groups of all mono-monostatic smooth convex bodies and convex polyhedra. Our result also answers a stronger version of the question of Conway and Guy, asked in the above paper of Lángi.
Anhaltend spannend – das zu kurze Zungenband, Teil 2
Authors: Guóth-Gumberger Márta , Karall Daniela
Published: March 2023

Die Zunge hat eine zentrale Aufgabe bei vielerlei Aufgaben. Stillen, angemessene Ernährung und altersgemäßer Gewichtsverlauf sind einige davon – und wichtige Anliegen in der Pädiatrie. Auch bei Problemen mit Essen, Aussprache, Schlucken oder Zahnstellung kann eine eingeschränkte Zungenbeweglichkeit durch ein zu kurzes Zungenband eine Rolle spielen. Die ausgeprägte Variante des zu kurzen Zungenbandes, das Frenulum linguae breve anterior (zu kurzes Zungenband mit Ansatz an der Zungenspitze), ist sichtbar und wird meist behandelt; seltener ist die posteriore Variante (zu kurzes Zungenband mit Ansatz hinter der Zungenspitze), bei der die Zungenspitze frei ist und keine Einkerbung zeigt. Die Auseinandersetzung mit der Anatomie der Strukturen in der Mundhöhle, mit den unterschiedlichen Möglichkeiten der Beurteilung der Funktion der Zunge und der Frenotomie als Behandlung sollen die Entscheidung zu einer geeigneten, individuellen Therapie ermöglichen. Bleibt ein zu kurzes Zungenband unerkannt, zeigen die Maßnahmen oft nicht die erwünschte Wirkung. Daher ist es essenziell zu erkennen, wann eine Behandlung sinnvoll ist, damit das Ergebnis – nämlich eine verbesserte Beweglichkeit der Zunge für die erforderlichen Funktionen – erreicht wird.

In dieser dreiteiligen Serie zum Thema zu kurzes Zungenband wird ein vertiefter Überblick über das Thema geschaffen, insbesondere über den Zusammenhang mit Stillen, Ernährung, Gewichtsverlauf, Sprache und Zahnstellung. Teil 1 (Pädiatrie und Pädologie 2023‑1) befasste sich mit der Beurteilung des zu kurzen Zungenbandes, mit Hinweis auf die Notwendigkeit eines multifaktoriellen Beurteilungskonzeptes, das Vor- und Nachsorge sowie die Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Fachkräften und die Beschäftigung mit erstellten Fotos (und Videos) berücksichtigt. Teil 2, der in dieser Folge von Pädiatrie und Pädologie erscheint, behandelt die Behandlungsmethoden des zu kurzen Zungenbandes. Teil 3 wird sich mit den Problemfeldern bezüglich der Behandlungsmethoden bei zu kurzem Zungenband (und Lippenband) und in der Nachbehandlung des zu kurzen Zungenbandes befassen.

Die Schritte der Beurteilung, Indikationsstellung/Diagnose und Therapie sowie die Nachsorge werden evidenzbasiert besprochen, mit dem Ziel, dass die Betroffenen und deren Familien die benötigte Hilfe kompetent und zeitgerecht erhalten.
The effects of temporally distinct light pollution from ships on nocturnal colony attendance in a threatened seabird
Authors: Austad Martin , Oppel Steffen , Crymble James , Greetham Hannah R. , Sahin Dilek , Lago Paulo , Metzger Benjamin J. , Quillfeldt Petra
Published: March 2023

The ecological effects from artificial light are complex and can affect species and life-stages differently. Ships are a dynamic source of light pollution, often brightly lit and temporarily increasing light levels in otherwise relatively dark areas. Because several nocturnal seabird species display reduced activity and avoidance of natural or artificial light, we expect that bright vessel lights may affect colony attendance patterns. Here, we test whether the presence of ships in front of coastal cliffs affects colony attendance in the Yelkouan Shearwater (Puffinus yelkouan). Ship presence at the site was obtained from an automatic identification system database, and a data logger measured light levels at the colony autonomously for four breeding seasons (2017–2020). Moreover, a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system was deployed at a cavernous colony entrance to register arrivals and departures of shearwaters. Direct illumination from ships increased cliff face brightness, and colony attendance was significantly reduced in brighter conditions. Ship presence reduced the number of shearwaters entering the colony per hour by a mean of 18% (SD ± 24). Disruption of natural attendance patterns is likely to have short- and long-term effects on breeding success, physiological condition, and colony viability. Therefore, we propose mitigation measures to reduce the impact from commercial shipping on burrow-nesting seabirds. Local regulations are necessary for colony-specific impact reduction, while incorporation of measures such as black-out blinds, fixture shielding and maximum brightness limits into international conventions can have additional far-reaching benefits.