bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An unusual case of crusted scabies in an immunocompetent adult: A case report
Authors: Agyei Martin , Opare‐Addo Priscilla Abrafi , Ofori Afua , Kyem Gloria , Gyabaah Solomon , Asare‐Bediako Serwaa
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Although rare, crusted scabies can affect immunocompetent individuals with no identifiable risk factors. A high index of suspicion, regardless of an individual's immunological status or absence of traditional risk factors, should be maintained by health professionals to facilitate prompt referral to a dermatologist.

Crusted scabies is an uncommon variant of human scabies characterized by extensive crusted and scaly hyperkeratotic papules, and plaques resulting from profound proliferation of mites in the skin. It is highly contagious and typically occurs in immunocompromised individuals. Reports of cases in healthy adults are rare. It is often resistant to routine treatment. We report a case of a 30‐year‐old immunocompetent male who presented to us with an extensive pruritic papular rash that started in the inter‐digital web spaces of his hands. Within 3 months from onset, the lesions progressed, and became hyperkeratotic, scaly, non‐pruritic, spreading to involve his entire body (sparing his face only). Crusty scabies was eventually diagnosed and treated by a dermatologist after months of misdiagnosis at peripheral facilities. Although rare, crusted scabies can affect immunocompetent individuals. A high index of suspicion is required, regardless of immunological status. Among immunocompetent individuals, a thorough search for traditional risk factors is imperative.
Synergetic Effect of Ni‐CeO₂ Bimetallic Catalyst for an Effective Decomposition of Methane to Hydrogen and Filamentous Nanocarbons
Authors: Ahmad Adeel , Reyaz Hamdani Iqra , Pillantakath Abdul Rasheed , Shoaibi Ahmed Al , Chandrasekar Srinivasakannan , Hossain Mohammad Mozahar
Published: August 2024

The work attempts to synthesis nickel‐ceria bimetallic catalysts supported on porous carbon template, thermally stable at 850 °C, for dehydrogenation of methane to hydrogen and carbon nanostructures. A series of bimetallic Ni catalysts were synthesized by varying the % ceria content (30Ni‐5CeO2/AC, 30Ni‐10CeO2/AC, and 30Ni‐15CeO2/AC) using the incipient wetness impregnation approach. Among the set of bimetallic catalysts, the 30Ni‐5CeO2/AC catalyst was found to offer highest methane conversion and stability. A maximum conversion of 90 % was achieved with 40 % methane feed concentration along with good catalyst stability. The promoter ceria at low concentration enhanced the dispersion of metal over the catalytic surface, resulting in adequate metal‐support interaction. The ability of the carbon support along with promoter ceria enhanced the thermal stability of the Ni catalyst up to 850 °C, offering high conversion and catalyst stability has been the highlight of the work. Advanced analytical techniques were used to characterize the catalyst's structural, textural, and morphological properties both before and after the reaction. The morphological study of the best‐performing catalyst demonstrated the formation of dense carbon nanotubes through tip‐growth mechanism exhibiting a high aspect ratio.
Trustworthiness assessment of published clinical trials: Literature review of domains and questions
Authors: Alfirevic Zarko , Weeks Jo
Published: August 2024

Background

Historically, peer reviewing has focused on the importance of research questions/hypotheses, appropriateness of research methods, risk of bias, and quality of writing. Until recently, the issues related to trustworthiness—including but not limited to plagiarism and fraud—have been largely neglected because of lack of awareness and lack of adequate tools/training. We set out to identify all relevant papers that have tackled the issue of trustworthiness assessment to identify key domains that have been suggested as an integral part of any such assessment.

Methods

We searched the literature for publications of tools, checklists, or methods used or proposed for the assessment of trustworthiness of randomized trials. Data items (questions) were extracted from the included publications and transcribed on Excel including the assessment domain. Both authors then independently recategorised each data item in five domains (governance, plausibility, plagiarism, reporting, and statistics).

Results

From the 41 publications we extracted a total of 284 questions and framed 77 summary questions grouped in five domains: governance (13 questions), plausibility (17 questions), plagiarism (4 questions), reporting (29 questions), and statistics (14 questions).

Conclusion

The proposed menu of domains and questions should encourage peer reviewers, editors, systematic reviewers and developers of guidelines to engage in a more formal trustworthiness assessment. Methodologists should aim to identify the domains and questions that should be considered mandatory, those that are optional depending on the resources available, and those that could be discarded because of lack of discriminatory power.
From Meteorite to Life's Building Blocks: A possible Electrochemical Pathway to Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds
Authors: Fernandez Lucas , Yari Farzaneh , Hesser Günter , Schöfberger Wolfgang
Published: August 2024

This study explores the electrochemical properties of the carbonaceous Allende CV3 meteorite, focusing on its potential as a Fe‐based catalyst derived from Mackinawite iron sulfide for electrocatalytic reactions facilitating nitrogen (N2) fixation into ammonia. Through comprehensive analysis, we not only monitored the evolution of key compounds such as CN‐, sulfur/H2S, H2 and carbonyl compounds, but also identified potential reagent carriers, indicating significant implications for the Strecker synthesis of amino acids in space environments. Initial examination revealed the presence of polypeptides, notably sequences including dimer Ala‐α‐HO‐Gly, pentamer Gly3‐Ala2, and hexamer Gly4‐(HO‐Gly)2. These discoveries greatly enhance our understanding of astrobiological chemistry, offering valuable insights into prebiotic processes and the potential presence of life‐building blocks throughout the universe.
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of GeTe Nanoparticles
Authors: Bouška Marek , Milasheuskaya Yaraslava , Šlouf Miroslav , Knotek Petr , Pechev Stanislav , Prokeš Lubomír , Pečinka Lukáš , Havel Josef , Novák Miroslav , Jambor Roman , Němec Petr
Published: August 2024

Nanoparticles can offer an alternative approach to fabricate phase‐change materials. The chemical synthesis of GeTe nanoparticles using organometallic precursors exploits high‐boiling solvents and relatively high temperatures (close or even above crystallization temperatures), as reported in the available literature. The aim of this work is the preparation of GeTe nanoparticles by a low‐temperature synthetic method exploiting new organometallic precursors and common organic solvents. Indeed, different preparation methods and characterization of GeTe nanoparticles is discussed. The characterization of the prepared nanomaterial was performed on the basis of X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, laser ablation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, Raman scattering spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The results show that the low‐temperature synthetic route leads to amorphous GeTe nanoparticles. Exploited organometallic precursor is stabilised by neutral ligand which can be isolated after the reaction and repeatedly used for further reactions. Furthermore, GeTe nanoparticle size can be tuned by the conditions of the synthesis.
Access to primary care and mortality in excess for patients with cancer in France: Results from 21 French Cancer Registries
Authors: Gardy Joséphine , Wilson Sarah , Guizard Anne‐Valérie , Bouvier Véronique , Launay Ludivine , Alves Arnaud , Bara Simona , Bouvier Anne‐Marie , Coureau Gaëlle , Cowppli‐Bony Anne , Dabakuyo Yonli Sandrine , Daubisse‐Marliac Laëtitia , Defossez Gautier , Hammas Karima , Hure Florent , Jooste Valérie , Lapotre‐Ledoux Bénédicte , Nousbaum Jean‐Baptiste , Plouvier Sandrine , Seigneurin Arnaud , Tretarre Brigitte , Vigneron Nicolas , Woronoff Anne‐Sophie , Launoy Guy , Molinie Florence , Bryere Joséphine , Dejardin Olivier
Published: August 2024

Background

The impact of geographical accessibility on cancer survival has been investigated in few studies, with most research focusing on access to reference care centers, using overall mortality and limited to specific cancer sites. This study aims to examine the association of access to primary care with mortality in excess of patients with the 10 most frequent cancers in France, while controlling for socioeconomic deprivation.

Methods

This study included a total of 151,984 cases diagnosed with the 10 most common cancer sites in 21 French cancer registries between 2013 and 2015. Access to primary care was estimated using two indexes: the Accessibilité Potentielle Localisée index (access to general practitioners) and the Scale index (access to a range of primary care clinicians). Mortality in excess was modelized using an additive framework based on expected mortality based on lifetables and observed mortality.

Findings

Patients living in areas with less access to primary care had a greater mortality in excess for some very common cancer sites like breast (women), lung (men), liver (men and women), and colorectal cancer (men), representing 46% of patients diagnosed in our sample. The maximum effect was found for breast cancer; the excess hazard ratio was estimated to be 1.69 (95% CI, 1.20–2.38) 1 year after diagnosis and 2.26 (95% CI, 1.07–4.80) 5 years after diagnosis.

Interpretation

This study revealed that this differential access to primary care was associated with mortality in excess for patients with cancer and should become a priority for health policymakers to reduce these inequalities in health care accessibility.
Clonal hematopoiesis and solid tumor risk: New insights from the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Shah Nehali , Takahashi Koichi
Published: August 2024

The study by Desai et al. explores the independent effects of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) and mosaic chromosomal alterations on the risk and mortality of solid tumors in postmenopausal women, revealing significant associations with breast cancer risk and colorectal cancer mortality. Their findings underscore the context‐dependent nature of CH's impact on cancer, highlighting the need for further investigation into the mechanisms and potential interventions targeting CH to mitigate cancer risk.
Enhanced conflict‐aware iterated integer linear programming for IEEE 802.1Qbv Time‐Sensitive Network scheduling
Authors: Kerem Özkan Aziz , Cevher Selçuk
Published: August 2024

Deterministic communication plays a crucial role for real‐time distributed embedded systems by guaranteeing a low end‐to‐end delay and minimal jitter. Conflict‐aware iterated ILP‐based scheduling (IIS) is an incremental approach to enhance the scalability of single‐shot ILP computation to solve the computationally hard Qbv‐compliant offline scheduling problem for IEEE 802.1 Time‐Sensitive Networking (TSN). Taking into account the conflicting demands of the streams, IIS computes no‐wait schedules by dividing the set of streams into disjoint partitions, each of which is incrementally scheduled by an ILP solver. In this work, defining the no‐wait communication constraints for TSN scheduling, we propose a novel iterated scheduling approach, namely, O‐IIS, with a backtracking mechanism and partial solution support extending the conventional IIS procedure. O‐IIS relies on an ordering strategy to determine the order in which the constructed partitions will be processed by an ILP solver. We evaluate the performance of our approach in terms of schedulability success rate and schedule synthesis time using various network topologies and different partitioning schemes to construct the partitions. The evaluation results show that our approach provides significantly better scheduling performance compared to the existing work in the literature.
Programmable curvilinear self‐propelling of droplets without preset channels
Authors: Feng Shile , Hou Yongping , Zheng Yongmei
Published: August 2024

Curvilinear self‐propelling of droplets has attracted great interest in the past few decades due to their irreplaceable roles in many areas. Conventional understanding is that a droplet moves only along a preset channel formed by morphology or chemical components. Achieving programmable curvilinear droplet motion independent of a preset channel remains greatly challenging. Here, we report a programmable curvilinear self‐propelling of droplets (circle, divergence, and convergence) based on the collaboration of the curvilinear wetting gradient and the Leidenfrost effect. This design achieves motion trajectory in a well‐controlled manner as well as high velocity and long distance of droplet transport independent of the preset channel. Moreover, the motion behaviors of droplets could be predicted accurately by theoretic simulation. We envision that our unique design could manifest extensive practical applications in fluidic devices, liquid transport, and heat transfer systems.
Correction to effects of a visual perception‐based occupational therapy programme on reading and motor skills in children with developmental dyslexia: Single blind randomised crossover study design
Authors: Köse Barkın , Temizkan Ege , Şahin Sedef , Kara Koray , Uyanık Mine
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to examine the effects of a visual praxis‐based occupational therapy (VPOT) programme on reading and motor skills for children with developmental dyslexia (DD). Forty‐two children were included in the study. Additionally, before VPOT, the Reading‐Aloud and Reading‐Comprehension Test 2 (ORSRC‐2) and the Bruininks‐Oseretsky Motor‐Proficiency‐Test‐2‐Brief Form (BOT2‐BF) were applied to the participants. According to the study design, VPOT was applied to two sessions per week for 8 weeks to group A. During this period, group B was accepted as the control group. At the end of these 8 weeks, evaluation tests were applied to both groups. Then, group A was defined as the control group and Group B as the intervention group, and VPOT was applied to Group B. At the end of another 8 weeks, evaluation tests were applied to both groups for the third time. When the final ORSRC‐2 results were examined, VPOT was found to be an effective programme for improving reading skills. Additionally, when the final BOT2‐BF results were examined, VPOT was determined to be effective in improving motor skills (p < 0.05). We believe that it is important to carry out comprehensive studies such as the VPOT programme to solve problems in the physical and learning activities of children with DD.
Ratiometric Fluorescence Depending on In/Out Isomerism of Host‐Guest Conjugate Having a Fluorosolvatochromic Dye
Authors: Tsutsumi Taiyou , Miyazaki Takaaki , Fujita Takahiro , Watanabe Takumi , Hayashida Osamu
Published: August 2024

Host‐guest conjugate is a promising strategy for providing outstanding molecules. Herein, we designed host‐guest conjugate HG1, which comprises a hydrophilic host unit, tetraaza[2.2.1.2.2.1]paracyclophane CPX2 with a microhydrophobic cavity, and a guest unit, 2,3‐naphthalimide fused with two benzothiophenes G1 exhibiting fluorosolvatochromism, linked with an oxyethylene chain. HG1 initially showed a fluorescence band at 585 nm in MeOH/H2O (1/499 v/v); however, this band decreased with time, and instead, a new band at 430 nm appeared. The CIE chromaticity diagram showed that the fluorescent color changed from yellow‐orange to blue via white. NMR analysis of HG1 in methanol‐d4 exhibited different signals of the G1 unit between the blue and yellow fluorescent structures. The blue fluorescent structures showed asymmetrical signals assigned as the G1 unit, affected by the cavity environment of the CPX2 unit. Consequently, HG1 can form two conformations: In‐form and Out‐form. In In‐form, the G1 unit is inside the hydrophobic cavity of the CPX2 unit and shows blue fluorescence. In Out‐form, the G1 unit is outside the CPX2 unit and shows yellow fluorescence in an aqueous solvent. Therefore, HG1 performs as a ratiometric fluorophore depending on the in/out isomerism of the host‐guest conjugate.
Utilization of Hypervalent Bonds as a Novel Strategy for Manipulating Energy Levels of π‐Conjugated Systems
Authors: Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo
Published: August 2024

The unique optical properties created by the combination of azobenzene‐based π‐conjugated systems and hypervalent bonds are summarized. The hypervalent bond, a polarized three‐center four‐electron (3c−4e) bond, simultaneously provides electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing effects to the directly attached π‐conjugated system. The resulting hypervalent compounds have a dramatically narrow energy gap showing near‐infrared (NIR) emission despite the limited size of π‐conjugated systems. In addition, the hypervalent compounds also exhibit stimuli‐responsive chromism through the reversible coordination‐number shift of the central main‐group elements in both crystals and π‐conjugated polymer films. We also explain that the nature of hypervalent bonds depends on the element type, which is particularly effective in bringing out the properties of heavy elements. In this review, we describe that the use of hypervalent bonds is a novel strategy not only for manipulating the energy levels of the π‐conjugated system but also for developing a variety of functional materials based on the newly rising properties from hypervalent element.
Cyanide in cassava: Understanding the drivers, impacts of climate variability, and strategies for food security
Authors: Nyaika Jacinta , Abayomi Louise , Parmar Aditya , Coast Onoriode
Published: August 2024

The consumption of cassava, a vital staple food for more than 1 billion people worldwide, holds particular significance in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Expansion in cassava production in SSA is driven by increasing market demand, local consumption, and adaptability to diverse environments. However, cyanide concentration in cassava tubers and products across SSA ranges from 9 to 1148 ppm – most exceed the World Health Organisation's recommended safe level of 10 ppm. Such variation and high cyanide concentrations in cassava products are expected to be exacerbated by climate‐induced increases in the frequency, intensity and occurrence of drought, heat waves and biotic stresses, further jeopardising regional food security. Thus, it is essential to examine cassava production and cyanide toxicity under climate change and their implications for food security in SSA. In this review, we look at the drivers of cassava production and spatial variation in cyanide concentrations across SSA, impacts of climate variability and biotic stresses on cassava cyanide concentrations in SSA, and crop management practices for reducing cyanogenic glucosides in cassava tubers. We surmise that urgent actions are required to adopt improved cassava varieties and management strategies that reduce cassava cyanide toxicity amid climate‐induced challenges in SSA.
Structural and physicochemical characteristics of starches from sorghum varieties with varying amylose content
Authors: Yang Longping , Li Lei , Jiang Feng , Zhang Qiaoling , Yang Fan , Wang Yilin , Zhao Zhenyu , Ren Qingfan , Wang Li
Published: August 2024

Six sorghum varieties containing different amylose were selected to investigate the structural and physicochemical characteristics of starches and endosperm texture of grains. The results showed that the outer layer endosperm of sorghum grain changed from waxy to corneous, and its starch granules were more compactly packed and exhibited the spindle‐shaped holes with the increase of amylose content. Higher amylose starch granules exhibited fewer and smaller micropores on the surface and were more likely to deform and agglomerate into larger amorphous particles after heated. Amylose content of sorghum starches was negatively correlated to granule size, relative crystallinity, and the proportion of the long branch chains (DP = 25–36 and > 36), whereas positively correlated to the proportion of the short branch chains (DP = 6–12 and 13–24). Amylose content had negative correlations with To, Tp, ΔH, PV, and SDS (p < .05), positive corrections with FV, SB, and RDS (p < .05), and no correlations with Tc, HPV, BD, and RS. It could be concluded that amylose content affected the endosperm texture of sorghum grain and had strong correlations with structural and physicochemical properties of sorghum starch. These findings may help identify uses for these sorghum varieties in baijiu production.
Eucommia ulmoides extract regulates oxidative stress to maintain calcium homeostasis and improve diabetic osteoporosis
Authors: Shen Jie , Gao Yichen , Deng Yuyao , Xia Zhaoxin , Wang Xia , He Xianyi , He Yun , Yang Binbin
Published: August 2024

Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a secondary disease that severely affects the health and quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to explore the bone protective effect of aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmoides (EUL) in DOP mice. DOP mice were established using a high‐sugar, high‐fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg for three consecutive days), and the EUL aqueous extract (2.5 g/kg/day) was orally administered for 6 weeks. The serum levels of oxidative stress‐related factors, calcium, and phosphorus were assessed using biochemical assays. The osteoprotective effect of EUL was assessed using micro‐computer tomography, three‐point bending assay, histological analysis, and immunoblotting. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to detect the expression levels of calcium transport channel factors in the kidney and small intestine tissues. Furthermore, the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) in the femur, kidney, and small intestine tissues were detected using western blotting and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. EUL aqueous extract reduced blood glucose levels, increased body weight, and relieved symptoms in DOP mice (p < .05). It also increased bone mineral density, improved the bone microstructure, decreased the number of femoral osteoclasts, and increased the expression of femoral Runx2 and Bmp2 in DOP mice (p < .01). After 6 weeks of EUL aqueous extract administration, serum levels of SOD, CTA, calcium, and phosphorus were upregulated, whereas MDA levels were decreased (p < .01). The aqueous EUL extract also upregulated the expression of TRPV5, PMCA‐1b, and CaBP‐9 k in the kidney and small intestine of DOP mice (p < .01). Furthermore, the expression of Nrf2 and HO‐1 in the kidney, small intestine, and femur tissues was increased (p < .01). EUL aqueous extract reduced blood glucose levels in DOP mice and regulated oxidative stress through the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway, thereby maintaining calcium homeostasis and ultimately improving bone quality. Our study suggested that EUL aqueous extract may be effective in the treatment of DOP.
Effects of using pomegranate peel, beet leaf, and broccoli flower extracts on oxidative stability and physicochemical properties of cooked ground beef during refrigerated storage
Authors: Şimşek Sevgi , Kılıç Birol
Published: August 2024

Plant extracts gained attention in the meat industry for their role in preventing microbial growth and oxidative deterioration. Antioxidant efficiency of various ratios (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1%) of ethanolic or methanolic pomegranate peel (PP), beet leaf (BL), and broccoli flower (BF) extracts on cooked ground beef was investigated during refrigerated storage. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), p‐anisidine, cooking loss (CL), pH, and color analysis were performed. Results revealed that CL increased (p < .05) with 0.5 and 1% PE or 1% BF extracts, whereas no CL change was observed in other extract applications. Although using 0.5% and 1% of ethanolic or methanolic PP extracts caused lower pH than control (p < .05), no pH difference was found among other treatments. L* values were not affected by extract applications, whereas a* decreased and increased with PP and BL extract addition, respectively (p < .05). Meantime, a* values decreased and b* values increased by elevation in extract ratio (p < .05). In terms of solvent impact, methanolic PP and ethanolic BL extracts caused higher b* (p < .05), whereas no difference in b* was obtained between ethanolic or methanolic BL extracts. TBARS, LPO, and p‐anisidine analysis revealed that the highest lipid oxidation was obtained in control (p < .05). PP extract treatments exhibited the lowest lipid oxidation (p < .05). Lipid oxidation gradually increased in control and all extract‐incorporated samples during storage (p < .05). In extract‐incorporated samples, lipid oxidation decreased with increasing the extract ratio (p < .05). Lipid oxidation was inhibited more by all incorporation ratios for each tested extract compared to control (p < .05). Moreover, using 0.125% PP, 0.5% BL, or 1% BF extracts was more effective in lipid oxidation inhibition than BHT (p < .05). It may be concluded that PP, BL, and BF extracts may be utilized by the meat processors to achieve prolonged shelf life and improved quality features.
Characterization of some physicochemical, textural, and antioxidant properties of muffins fortified with hydrolyzed whey protein
Authors: Bekiroglu Hatice , Karaman Safa , Bozkurt Fatih , Sagdic Osman
Published: August 2024

Whey protein hydrolysates, derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of whey protein isolates or concentrates, offer enhanced bioavailability and solubility compared to intact whey protein. In this study, whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) having different hydrolysis degrees (5%, 10%, and 15%) were produced and muffin cakes were enriched with the addition of WPHs. In general, the addition of WPHs showed a significant effect on oil and protein content while the emulsion activity was improved with the increased hydrolysis degree (HD). The degree of hydrolysis increment resulted in a significant increase in both antioxidant power and antiradical activity of the WPHs. Ferric‐reducing antioxidant power and ABTS radical scavenging activity ranged between 18.83–87.27 mg TE/100 g and 211.8–5063.1 mg TE/100 g, respectively. The highest FRAP and ABTS values were recorded for the 15% HD while the lowest was for the native whey protein isolate (WPI). The induction periods giving a clear information for the oxidative stability were 1593 min for the control muffins, and it was 1654 for the muffin added with WPI. Rheological data revealed that all cake batter samples including WPHs showed viscoelastic behavior. WPHs could be efficiently used in muffin formulation to increase the biofunctional effects of the final products.
Institutional Quality in Green and Digital Transition of EU Regions – A Recovery and Resilience Analysis
Authors: Bănică Alexandru , Ţigănaşu Ramona , Nijkamp Peter , Kourtit Karima
Published: August 2024

This paper assesses the National Recovery and Resilience Plans (NRRPs) of EU member states and regions to uncover commonalities and differences between green and digital transitions, focusing on the role of institutions, among additional socio‐economic drivers, in modeling them. To that end, relevant indicators have been assembled, and several econometric models have been developed and tested to evaluate institutional performance in relation to green and digital transformations. The study reveals discrepancies in the two explored transition fields and highlights the power of institutional factors in boosting them. Specifically, the findings demonstrate that the green transition in EU regions is positively associated with variables such as life expectancy, institutional quality, tertiary education attainment, and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with innovative activities, while the fruits of digitalization are mainly allied to population with higher studies, core creative class employment, accountability of institutions, and innovative SMEs. These insights offer valuable guidance for decision‐makers to draw lessons from high‐performing or successful regions and strategically assign resources. This includes paying attention to regional financial allocations and their alignment with territorial planning and long‐term policies.
Early‐onset scoliosis in children aged 4–7 years in Nanjing, China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Song Jun , Rui Hong‐xin , Xie Ya‐chun , Wang Yan , Li Ting , Chi Xia , Tong Mei‐lin , Lin Feng
Published: August 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the potential variance in the prevalence of early‐onset scoliosis among children aged 4–7 years and analyze the influencing factors. The goal was to establish a crucial reference point for monitoring and evaluating spinal curvature development in preschoolers, ultimately to reduce the occurrence of adverse health outcomes.

Methods

Children aged 4–7 years within the main urban area of Nanjing were selected using a stratified random sampling method. A team of four senior therapists conducted screenings for spinal curvature among children using visual inspection, the Adams forward bending test, and an electronic scoliometer to measure the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) and identify children displaying signs of scoliosis. Children with suspected scoliosis in the initial screening underwent X‐ray Cobb angle assessment for confirmation. The prevalence of early‐onset scoliosis was then determined from the screening results. R version 4.2.0 software was used to analyze the factors associated with scoliosis among children using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Results

A total of 2281 children were included in this study, consisting of 1211 boys and 1070 girls, with a mean age of 5.44 ± 0.81 years (ranging from 4 to 7 years). Among them, 7.58% exhibited positive signs of scoliosis, 5.87% had early‐onset scoliosis, and the positive predictive value was 77.5%. Significant differences in ATR were observed among children in different age groups (Kruskal–Wallis = 15, p = 0.0104) and by sex (t = 3.17, p = 0.00153). Significant variations in ATR were noted in children with scoliosis (t = −22.7, p < 0.001), with a cutoff at ATR = 4.5°, and auxiliary values of 0.947 and 0.990. Children diagnosed with early‐onset scoliosis generally exhibited lower body mass index values, with a statistically significant difference (t = 2.99, p = 0.003).

Conclusions

Using visual inspection, the Adams test, and an electronic scoliometer to measure the ATR, the present triad method is more sensitive for early scoliosis screening in children with abnormal posture aged 4–7 years. A full spine X‐ray is advised in children with an ATR over 4.5° and poor posture.
Dimensions of hospital resilience emphasized during the COVID‐19 pandemic response: A systematic review
Authors: Atighechian Golrokh , Rahimi Alireza , Sattari Mohammad , Mohammadi Mahan
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Hospitals must maintain their effective operations during and after disasters. Due to the current increase in disasters, hospital resilience has drawn scholarly attention. This study aimed to review studies on the changes in the definition of hospital resilience after COVID‐19, build a conceptual framework for careful measurement, and identify the main dimensions of hospital resilience emphasized during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Design

The initial phase of this study was a systematic review of articles published before the COVID‐19 pandemic to extract the hospital resilience‐related dimensions for the second phase. The second phase involved text‐mining articles published both before and after the emergence of COVID‐19.

Setting

In the systematic review phase, 12 databases were searched from 2006 to January 2020, including Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE through PubMed, Embase, ERIC, ProQuest, the Cochrane Library, Emerald, Springer, Science Direct/ELSEVIER, Google Scholar, and SID (for Persian language papers). Then, after COVID‐19, articles published in these databases between January 2020 and May 2022 were evaluated using text mining.

Result

During the systematic phase, 17 out of 1530 papers published before COVID‐19 were synthesized to collect components of hospital disaster resilience. These identified components were the inputs for the text‐mining phase. The text mining on pre‐COVID papers resulted in six clusters, with the highest weight (0.65) belonging to general resilience and disaster preparedness, while in the post‐COVID text mining phase, including 70 papers, 8 clusters have been identified, with the highest weight cluster (0.78) focusing on the mental and psychological aspects of resilience among healthcare workers.

Conclusion

Following the COVID pandemic, scholarly attention has shifted to the more personal dimensions of hospital resilience, including psychological resiliency. It seems necessary for policymakers to focus more on the individual and psychological resilience of hospital staff.
Characteristic calcification behavior of five surgical aortic valve bioprostheses models: An in vitro study
Authors: Sadat Najla , Lojenburg John H. , Scharfschwerdt Michael , Klinger Matthias , Fujita Buntaro , Ensminger Stephan
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

The durability of surgical aortic valve bioprostheses (SAV) is limited by the calcification of the leaflets, which results in degeneration. In clinical routine, there seems to be substantial variability in the degeneration of specific SAV models. Our study aims to establish an in vitro calcification model for prosthetic valves, characterizing the calcification behavior of different SAVs.

Methods

Five commercially available SAV models (Epic™ Supra, Freestyle®, Intuity®, Perimount®, and Trifecta™) were perfused with double‐distilled water and physiological buffer with a defined calcium concentration (CaCl2 = 1.5 mM) at 37°C over 32.9 million cycles in a Hi‐Cycle tester which corresponds to approximately 1 patient‐year (calcified group). Untreated prosthetic valves served as the negative control group (noncalcified group). Calcium titration, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histological examination, and tissue thickness measurements were performed to evaluate noncalcified and calcified SAVs (n = 10).

Results

Treatment in the Hi‐Cycle tester with calcification buffer maintained significantly higher calcium absorption of SAVs compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Additionally, hydroxyapatite crystals were found in the calcified SAV in SEM. Porcine valves rarely demonstrated punctual calcification pattern, while bovine pericardial valves presented distinct planar calcification pattern in histological examination. Further, calcification content differed significantly depending on the SAV model, with the highest calcium content in Trifecta (213 µg/cm2) and the lowest in Epic Supra (8 µg/cm2) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Data from our study revealed significant differences in leaflet calcification for the various aortic valve bioprostheses models. Further studies are necessary to investigate whether these findings can mimic the clinical data of the implanted prostheses.
Heat transfer analysis of nanofluid flow with entropy generation in a corrugated heat exchanger channel partially filled with porous medium
Authors: Mezaache A. , Mebarek‐Oudina F. , Vaidya H. , Fouad Y.
Published: August 2024

Heat exchanger research is mainly exploited to develop and optimize new engineering systems with high thermal efficiency. Passive methods based on nanofluids, fins, wavy walls, and the porous medium are the most attractive ways to achieve this goal. This investigation focuses on heat transfer and entropy production in a nanofluid laminar flow inside a plate corrugated channel (PCC). The channel geometry comprises three sections, partially filled with a porous layer located at the intermediate corrugate channel section. The physical modeling is based on the laminar, two‐dimensional Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer formulation for nanofluid flow and the local thermal equilibrium model for the heat equation, including the viscous dissipation term. Numerical solutions were obtained using ANSYS Fluent software based on the finite volume technique and the appropriate meshed geometries. The numerical results are validated with theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies. The simulations are performed for CuO–water nanofluid and AISI 304 porous medium. The coupled effects of porous layer thickness (δ), Reynolds number (Re), and nanoparticle fraction (φ) on velocity, streamlines, isotherm contours, Nusselt number (Nu), and entropy generation (S) are analyzed and illustrated. The simulation results demonstrate that heat transfer enhancement in clear PCC can be achieved using a porous layer insert. For the porous thickness range of [0.1–0.6], the corresponding range of average Nusselt number increase is [35.7%–176.9%], and the average entropy generation is [105.4%–771.9%]. The effect of the Reynolds number is more important in a porous duct than in a clear one. For δ = 0.4 and φ = 5%, the increase of Re in the range of [200–500] induces an increase in average Nusselt number in the range of [80.9%–108.4%] and average entropy in [222.9%–309.1%] comparatively to clear PCC. The effect of φ is practically the same for porous and clear channels. For φ = 5%, the increase on average Nu is about 9%, and entropy generation is 5%. Accordingly, important improvements in heat transfer in PCC can be achieved through the combined effect of flow Reynolds number and porous layer thickness.
A simple graphical method for sizing flat‐plate solar air heaters based on transversal and longitudinal aspect ratios
Authors: Mzad Hocine , Bennour Fethi
Published: August 2024

Solar air heaters (SAHs) are widely used for drying vegetables and fruits or for domestic heating. Certain sizing parameters are necessary to obtain the right dimensions for the required air temperature, flow rate, and thus useful thermal energy. The well‐known Hottel–Whillier–Bliss equation was used and made dimensionless by applying the collector longitudinal and transversal aspect ratios (rl and rt) of a double‐glazed flat plate solar air heater (DG‐FPSAH). The steady‐state equations are solved to determine the average temperatures. Thereafter, one could calculate the overall loss heat coefficient and efficiency factor, obtained analytically. A Matlab code was developed to estimate primarily unknown temperatures, useful energy, and the Nusselt number. An iterative numerical method is used until convergence occurs. The inlet cross‐sectional area and air flow velocity are defined as input data. The proposed sizing method depends on the output temperature required by the customer. This temperature can be determined from the plotted curves of the dimensionless ratios. Hence, the SAH‐needed dimensions are determined graphically depending on the functional requirements for construction planning, such as technology choice, work breakdown, and budgeting. In the present case study, based on the input parameters, an airflow rate of 1.2 kg/s entering a DG‐FPSAH with an output temperature of 41.5°C yields the dimensions of Lin = 3.824 m, Win = 2.735 m, and Hin = 0.1825, specifying the collector length, width, and air duct height. The gathered energy and thermohydraulic efficiency are: Qu = 7.91 kW, ηcol = 0.752, respectively.
Hydrohill: A landmark public work created by Wei‐Zu Gu that advances experimental hydrology
Authors: Liao Aimin , Liu Jiufu , Zhang Jianyun , Lin Jin , Liu Hongwei , Ma Tao , Wang Yue , Wang Wenzhong , Hu Pengcheng
Published: August 2024

Hydrology has a long history, but is still considered a young science due to its lack of a solid scientific foundation as a natural science. Field experimentation is crucial when investigating hydrological processes and mechanisms, and is essential if hydrology is to have a solid, science‐based foundation. Professor Wei‐Zu Gu (1932–2022) was an internationally renowned scientist in the field of hydrology and is recognized as the greatest pioneer of experimental hydrology and isotope hydrology in China. He created the Hydrohill experimental catchment, which serves as both a great public facility for experimental hydrology and a valuable legacy for researchers that will enable them to conduct advanced hydrological experiments in the future. This legacy consists of innovative infrastructure that bridges the gap between natural watershed experiments and artificial physical models. The Hydrohill is an intensively instrumented experimental catchment that allows different elements of the hydrological cycle and their tracing indicators to be comprehensively measured. To provide an in‐depth understanding of the Hydrohill, this paper presents a short history of the site, its experimental objectives, a site description (including location, construction and instrumentation), site conditions (such as soil, hydrological and meteorological properties), and its contributions to hydrological science. We acknowledge Professor Gu for creating the Hydrohill experimental hydrology facility and enhancing our understanding of hydrological processes and mechanisms. Finally, we hope that Chuzhou Scientific Hydrology Laboratory, along with support from Professor Gu's friends, will ensure the continued growth of the Hydrohill so that it can address unsolved problems in hydrology.
Impact of partial prelabor rupture of membranes at term on labor and on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Bomal Ambre‐Marie , Faurant Marie‐Charlotte , El Hachem Hady , Vielle Bruno , Gillard Philippe , Madzou Sébastien , Biquard Florence , Legendre Guillaume , Bouet Pierre‐Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aimed to assess whether a partial term prelabor rupture of membranes (partial TPROM) had an impact on the spontaneous onset of labor compared to complete TPROM.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study in a French level III maternity hospital. We included all singleton cephalic pregnancies presenting with prelabor rupture of membranes ≥37 weeks gestational age. Patients with a partial TPROM (P group) were compared to patients with a complete TPROM (C group). Induction of labor was performed following expectative management of 24–48 h, and antibiotic prophylaxis was started 12 h after rupture. Our main outcome measure was the rate of patients who had spontaneous labor 24 h following prelabor rupture.

Results

Overall, 389 women were included in the study, 148 in the P group, 241 in the C group. The proportion of women who went into spontaneous labor in the 24 h following TPROM was significantly lower in the P group (45% vs 64%, P < 0.001). A partial TPROM was a predictive factor for absence of labor at 24 h following rupture (adjusted odds ratio: 0.44 [0.29–0.68]). There were more cases of induction of labor (50% vs 20%, P < 0.001) and antibiotic prophylaxis (91% vs 73%, P < 0.001) in the P group. However, obstetrical and neonatal outcomes were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion

Compared to complete TPROM, partial TPROM is associated with a lower probability of spontaneous labor in the 24 h following rupture. The persistence of a residual membrane has been identified as a risk factor for delaying labor beyond 24 h.
Exploring the role of artificial intelligence, large language models: Comparing patient‐focused information and clinical decision support capabilities to the gynecologic oncology guidelines
Authors: Reicher Lee , Lutsker Guy , Michaan Nadav , Grisaru Dan , Laskov Ido
Published: August 2024

Gynecologic cancer requires personalized care to improve outcomes. Large language models (LLMs) hold the potential to provide intelligent question‐answering with reliable information about medical queries in clear and plain English, which can be understood by both healthcare providers and patients. We aimed to evaluate two freely available LLMs (ChatGPT and Google's Bard) in answering questions regarding the management of gynecologic cancer. The LLMs' performances were evaluated by developing a set questions that addressed common gynecologic oncologic findings from a patient's perspective and more complex questions to elicit recommendations from a clinician's perspective. Each question was presented to the LLM interface, and the responses generated by the artificial intelligence (AI) model were recorded. The responses were assessed based on the adherence to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and European Society of Gynecological Oncology guidelines. This evaluation aimed to determine the accuracy and appropriateness of the information provided by LLMs. We showed that the models provided largely appropriate responses to questions regarding common cervical cancer screening tests and BRCA‐related questions. Less useful answers were received to complex and controversial gynecologic oncology cases, as assessed by reviewing the common guidelines. ChatGPT and Bard lacked knowledge of regional guideline variations, However, it provided practical and multifaceted advice to patients and caregivers regarding the next steps of management and follow up. We conclude that LLMs may have a role as an adjunct informational tool to improve outcomes.
Space‐to‐tree: Architectural framework for real‐time monitoring of pines in natural and historical park
Authors: Fiorentino Costanza , AbdelRahman Mohamed A. E. , D'Antonio Paola , Toscano Francesco , Sannino Maura , Abate Nicodemo , Conte Domenico , Lasaponara Rosa , Masini Nicola
Published: August 2024

The conservation and promotion of natural and cultural heritage, including landscapes, constitutes a subject of great economic and social importance. In recent times, there has been an increasing emphasis on the debate around strategies for developing an integrated approach to environmental and cultural heritage. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has highlighted these challenges in its conventions, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to protect cultural heritage. The European Space Agency project “From space to Tree” (S23) aimed to develop an alert system for real‐time monitoring of trees stability. The experimental site was the Archaeological Park of Colosseum in Rome. Inside the park there are countless pine trees of historical‐cultural interest. The System and Service Architecture (SSA) describes the structure of the pilot system, detailing the high‐level architecture and its constituent components. The monitoring system follows an integrated multi‐scale approach and combines the health status of trees monitored by multi‐temporal Sentinel‐2 remote sensing images, the movements of the trees in response to wind stress, monitored by four inertial measurement units (IMUs) installed at different heights on each individual tree to detect its movement in response to wind stress, a weather station equipped with an ultrasonic anemometer and the in‐field surveys and analyzes carried out by expert forestry agronomists. The acquired data is transmitted in real time to a dedicated server, by using the 5G network. Results show that data transmission system becomes more complex as the number of monitored trees increases, consequently the transmission system was designed taking this criticality into account. The data are displayed and analyzed in a dedicated Web‐GIS platform. The experimentation is still ongoing, during the first experimental year, the analysis algorithm was trained in the first 6 months. During the test period, an alert is generated when changes are found in the behavior of the pines, based on remote sensing images and trees' response to wind stress analysis, compared to the training period.