bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Radial Vibration Impact on Friction and Torque of Rotary Drill String
Authors: Li Zifeng , Zhang Chaoyue , Ren Wenming , Ma Jianwei
Published: July 2020

During extended-reach well drilling, the torque of a rotary drill string is too large in the horizontal section, which results in the failure of the drill string. The effect of radial vibration on the friction and torque of the rotary drill string is unclear. In this work, first, the principle of the impact of radial vibration on the friction and torque of the rotary drill string in the horizontal section is analysed. Then, joints with an elliptical outer edge of the section are designed, which can generate low-amplitude vibration as the drill string rotates owing to the interaction with the wellbore wall. The radial vibration characteristics can be tuned by changing the major to minor radius ratio of the ellipse. A self-developed experimental device was designed to test the performance of tools with reduced friction and torque. The drill string torque with different penetration rates, rotation speeds, and ratios of the major radius to minor radius of the ellipse were systematically studied. The experimental results show that the average and the maximum amplitudes of the torque fluctuation first decrease to the lowest value and then increase with the increase of the ratio. When the ratio reaches 1.065, the average and the maximum amplitudes of the torque fluctuation evidently reduce; therefore, a joint with a ratio of 1.065 can effectively reduce frictional torque. The average torque reduces when the penetration rate and rotation speed decrease. At rotation speeds of 45 and 60 r/min, the maximum amplitude of torque fluctuation increases first and then decreases with an increase in penetration rate, and it reaches a maximum value at a penetration rate of 22.5 m/h. The fundamental frequency of torque fluctuation is almost linearly related to rotation speed, which is irrelevant to the penetration rate and the ratio of major to minor radius of the ellipse.
Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Natural Fractures on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation
Authors: Yaobin Song , Weiyong Lu , Changchun He , Erhu Bai
Published: July 2020

According to the theory of plane mechanics involving the interaction of hydraulic and natural fractures, the law of hydraulic fracture propagation under the influence of natural fractures is verified using theoretical analysis and RFPA2D-Flow numerical simulation approaches. The shear and tensile failure mechanisms of rock are simultaneously considered. Furthermore, the effects of the approach angle, principal stress difference, tensile strength and length of the natural fracture, and elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the reservoir on the propagation law of a hydraulic fracture are investigated. The following results are obtained: (1) The numerical results agree with the experimental data, indicating that the RFPA2D-Flow software can be used to examine the hydraulic fracture propagation process under the action of natural fractures. (2) In the case of a low principal stress difference and low approach angle, the hydraulic fracture likely causes shear failure along the tip of the natural fracture. However, under a high stress difference and high approach angle, the hydraulic fracture spreads directly through the natural fracture along the original direction. (3) When natural fractures with a low tensile strength encounter hydraulic fractures, the hydraulic fractures likely deviate and expand along the natural fractures. However, in the case of natural fractures with a high tensile strength, the natural fracture surface is closed, and the hydraulic fracture directly passes through the natural fracture, propagating along the direction of the maximum principal stress. (4) Under the same principal stress difference, a longer natural fracture corresponds to the easier initiation and expansion of a hydraulic fracture from the tip of the natural fracture. However, when the size of the natural fracture is small, the hydraulic fracture tends to propagate directly through the natural fracture. (5) A smaller elastic modulus and larger Poisson’s ratio of the reservoir result in a larger fracture initiation pressure. The presented findings can provide theoretical guidance regarding the hydraulic fracturing of reservoirs with natural fractures.
A Case of Left Retroexternal Iliac Artery Megaureter Associated with Additional Renal and Vascular Congenital Anomalies
Authors: Karadaghy Amin A. , Bell Matthew T. , Daly Daniel T. , Tan Yun
Published: July 2020

Introduction. A number of rare anatomical anomalies, including retroexternal iliac ureter, extrarenal calyces (ERCs), and vascular anomalies, were observed in a 96-year-old female cadaver during a routine dissection. Description. A markedly dilated left extrarenal pelvis (ERP) with a diameter of 3.15 cm was noticed. Three major calyces were found outside of the normal-sized left kidney. The abdominal aorta (AA), instead of normal bifurcation, branched to the right common, left external, and left internal iliac arteries. The median sacral artery was a direct branch from the right common iliac artery. No hydronephrosis was observed on the affected side, and no urinary tract anomalies were observed on the right side. Significance. The retroiliac megaureter is a rare congenital anomaly, with fewer than 25 cases reported to date. Additionally, the ERCs are amongst the rarest anomalies of the renal collecting system. Further, the current case is one of few reported cases where the particular branching pattern of the AA was observed. The combination of such anatomical anomalies is rare, and the relationship between them is unclear. Common clinical manifestations of retroiliac ureters are the results of ureteric obstruction, hydronephrosis, and secondary infection. Precise knowledge of anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract can help radiologists and surgeons make a definitive diagnosis and prevent inadvertent injury during surgery.
Impaired Cognitive Flexibility and Working Memory Precedes Depression: A Rat Model to Study Depression
Authors: Maramis Margarita M. , Mahajudin Marlina S. , Khotib Junaidi
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Depressive disorders are the 4th leading cause of health problems and the 2nd leading cause of burden among all diseases. Almost all depressive disorder patients have cognitive impairments to a certain extend. Studies about cognitive impairments in depression had been conducted, but whether cognitive dysfunctions are the cause or the effect is still not clear. Objectives: To analyze the process of working memory and cognitive flexibility impairments in a rat model of depression. Methods: In this experimental study, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used as a model of depression in 30 rats (Rattus novergicus). Cognitive function was assessed with the Morris water maze and attentional set shifting test. Results: This study found a significant difference on day 21 in working memory (p = 0.002) and cognitive flexibility (p = 0.036), which continued to day 41 in working memory (p = 0.001) and cognitive flexibility (p = 0.020). In the CUMS model of depression, parameters peak on day 41 and reveal parameter changes in weight gain (p = 0.018), food intake (p < 0.001), changes in food intake (p = 0.001), and the sucrose preference (p = 0.005), elevated plus maze (p = 0.001), and light dark box tests (p = 0.020). Conclusion: In a rat model of depression, cognitive impairment preceded depression, but it might be caused by anxiety-like behavior that occurred in early stimulation of chronic unpredictable mild stress.
Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with the Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Cui Xiaoyang , Yu Xin , Wu Xiaojing , Huang Linna , Tian Ye , Huang Xu , Zhang Zeyu , Cheng Zhenshun , Guo Qiang , Zhang Yi , Cai Ying , Zhan Qingyuan
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory viral infections are frequency accompanied by multiple organ dysfunction, including acute kidney injury (AKI). In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and rapidly spread worldwide. While diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure are the main features of COVID-19, other organs may be involved, and the incidence of AKI is not well described. We assessed the incidence and clinical characteristics of AKI in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and its effects on clinical outcomes. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, observational study of patients with COVID-19 admitted to two general hospitals in Wuhan from 5 January 2020 to 21 March 2020. Demographic data and information on organ dysfunction were collected daily. AKI was defined according to the KDIGO clinical practice guidelines. Early and late AKI were defined as AKI occurring within 72 h after admission or after 72 h, respectively. Results: Of the 116 patients, AKI developed in 21 (18.1%) patients. Among them, early and late AKI were found in 13 (11.2%) and 8 (6.9%) patients, respectively. Compared with patients without AKI, patients with AKI had more severe organ dysfunction, as indicated by a higher level of disease severity status, higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score on admission, an increased prevalence of shock, and a higher level of respiratory support. Patients with AKI had a higher SOFA score on admission (4.5 ± 2.1 vs. 2.8 ± 1.4, OR 1.498, 95% CI 1.047–2.143 ) and greater hospital mortality (57.1% vs. 12.6%, OR 3.998, 95% CI 1.088–14.613) than patients without AKI in both the univariate and multivariate analyses. Patients with late AKI, but not those with early AKI, had a significantly prolonged length of stay (19.6 vs. 9.6 days, p = 0.015). Conclusion: Our findings show that admission SOFA score was an independent risk factor for AKI in COVID-19 patients, and patients with AKI had higher in-hospital mortality. Moreover, AKI development after 72 h of admission was related to prolonged hospitalization time.
Cantando a Torá
Authors: Dellarole Pedro
Published: July 2020

Este estudo pretende suscitar o saber da antiga e rica tradição milenar de cantar e reinterpretar a torá ou Bíblia hebraica conhecida por Te amim ha-mikra ou cantilenas. Este fenômeno litúrgico musical permitiu a um determinado grupo  de pessoas  a estruturar  um sistema  organizacional com  a qual  realizaram  a implementação de um agrupamento de sons funcional de leitura Bíblica que mais tarde veio a se tornar notações musicais que se propagaram por todas as comunidades judaicas, conservando suas particularidades assim como a assimilação do costume local pelos judeus, externalizando desta maneira, através da música, suas origens sem deixar de apropiar-se da tradição por onde passavam.
texto das canções interpretadas no filme As Canções (2001), de Eduardo Coutinho, e um (breve) retrato da sociedade brasileira.
Authors: Santos Daniel Cristiano
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo visa construir, a partir das canções escolhidas por Eduardo Coutinho para o documentário As Canções (Brasil, 2001), um paralelo entre a representação de brasileiros e parte da literatura que aborda o tema, mais especificamente em obras de Marilena Chauí, Darcy Ribeiro e Sergio Buarque de Holanda. O texto é iniciado apresentando-se o contexto da utilização do gênero canção como elemento representativo da sociedade, da história do documentário e posteriormente, apresenta-se um retrato da sociedade brasileira em relação à análise de personagens da peça audiovisual propriamente dita. Como resultados da análise, é possível observar que o diretor de As Canções, se utilizou do gênero canção e da escolha das obras como parte do processo de produção do filme e como forma de representação de parte da sociedade brasileira.
Adding stars to the Chromodoris (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae) galaxy with the description of four new species
Authors: BONOMO LYNN J. , GOSLINER TERRENCE M.
Published: July 2020

This paper describes four new Chromodoris species: Chromodoris balat sp. nov., Chromodoris baqe sp. nov., Chromodoris kalawakan sp. nov., and Chromodoris quagga sp. nov. We were able to distinguish 44 species level lineages within Chromodoris, expanding the Indo-Pacific species from 39 species. The phylogeny presented here provides slightly greater resolution of species relationships than do previous studies of this genus. Layton et al. (2018), determined that variable color patterns made it difficult to differentiate in living specimens of distinct species, but we provide some additional stable color characters that potentially help resolve this issue, as well as additional internal features that are useful in species delimitation and correlate with the molecular phylogenetic analysis.
The North Atlantic as a Driver of Summer Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: Osborne Joe M. , Collins Mat , Screen James A. , Thomson Stephen I. , Dunstone Nick
Published: July 2020

Skill in seasonal forecasts in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics is mostly limited to winter. Drivers of summer circulation anomalies over the North Atlantic–European (NAE) sector are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in driving summer atmospheric circulation changes. The summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO), the leading mode of observed summer atmospheric circulation variability in the NAE sector, is correlated with a distinct SST tripole pattern in the North Atlantic. An atmospheric general circulation model is used to test whether there are robust atmospheric circulation responses over the NAE sector to concurrent SSTs related to the SNAO. The most robust responses project onto the summer east Atlantic (SEA) pattern, the second dominant mode of observed summer atmospheric circulation variability in the NAE sector, and are most evident at the surface in response to tropical SSTs and at altitude in response to extratropical SSTs. The tropical-to-extratropical teleconnection appears to be due to Rossby wave propagation from SST anomalies, and in turn precipitation anomalies, in the Caribbean region. We identify key biases in the model, which may be responsible for the overly dominant SEA pattern variability, compared to the SNAO, and may also explain why the responses resemble the SEA pattern, rather than the SNAO. Efforts to eradicate these biases, perhaps achieved by higher-resolution simulations or with improved model physics, would allow for an improved understanding of the true response to North Atlantic SST patterns.
The Value of Initialization on Decadal Timescales: State-Dependent Predictability in the CESM Decadal Prediction Large Ensemble
Authors: Christensen H. M. , Berner J. , Yeager S.
Published: July 2020

Information in decadal climate prediction arises from a well-initialized ocean state and from the predicted response to an external forcing. The length of time over which the initial conditions benefit the decadal forecast depends on the start date of the forecast. We characterize this state-dependent predictability for decadal forecasts of upper ocean heat content in the Community Earth System Model. We find regionally dependent initial condition predictability, with extended predictability generally observed in the extratropics. We also detect state-dependent predictability, with the year of loss of information from the initialization varying between start dates. The decadal forecasts in the North Atlantic show substantial information from the initial conditions beyond the 10-yr forecast window, and a high degree of state-dependent predictability. We find some evidence for state-dependent predictability in the ensemble spread in this region, similar to that seen in weather and subseasonal-to-seasonal forecasts. For some start dates, an increase of information with lead time is observed, for which the initialized forecasts predict a growing phase of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. Finally we consider the information in the forecast from the initial conditions relative to the forced response, and quantify the crossover time scale after which the forcing provides more information. We demonstrate that the climate change signal projects onto different patterns than the signal from the initial conditions. This means that even after the crossover time scale has been reached in a basin-averaged sense, the benefits of initialization can be felt locally on longer time scales.
Exploring the Socio-Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Marketplaces in Urban Ghana
Authors: Asante Lewis Abedi , Mills Richael Odarko
Published: July 2020

This article explores Ghana’s preventive measures for stemming the spread of the COVID-19 disease among its population and the socio-economic impact of these measures in urban marketplaces. It argues that Ghana’s COVID-19 approach in marketplaces was characterised by (1) improving hygiene conditions through disinfection of all markets, (2) closing down markets to enforce social distancing among traders, and (3) imposing a lockdown to decongest densely populated marketplaces. Yet the micro-geographies of Ghana’s marketplaces complicated the implementation of these preventive measures. The socio-economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in marketplaces were evident in the increased food prices, the economic hardships associated with the lockdown directive, and the forceful relocation and decongestion exercises to enforce social distancing among traders. The hostile nature with which municipal authorities implemented the COVID-19 preventive measures in marketplaces is akin to how they sought to decongest inner cities prior to the emergence of COVID-19.
The Raman Spectrum of a Single Molecule on an Electrochemically Etched Silver Tip
Authors: Lee Joonhee , Tallarida Nicholas , Rios Laura , Ara Apkarian V.
Published: July 2020

We recorded the Raman spectrum of a single azobenzene thiol molecule upon picking it up from an atomically flat gold surface, using an electrochemically etched silver tip, in an ultrahigh vacuum cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope. While suppressed at the junction, the stationary spectrum appeared once the molecule was transferred to the tip, with line intensities that increased by a factor of ∼5 as the tip was retracted from 1 nm to 161 nm. The effect, and the enhanced tensorial Raman spectrum was reproduced using an explicit treatment of the electromagnetic fields to identify a cis-azobenzene thiol molecule, adsorbed on a nanometric asperity removed from the tip apex, lying in the plane normal to the tip z-axis, with enhanced incident and radiative local fields polarized in the same plane. Tips decorated with asperities break the rules and give unique insights on Raman driven by cavity modes of a plasmonic junction.
Assessing risks of violent extremism in depressive disorders: Developing and validating a new measure of Sympathies for Violent Protest and Terrorism
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep , Otis Michaela , Halvorsrud Kristoffer , Freestone Mark , Jones Edgar
Published: July 2020

Objective:

Clinicians are tasked with assessing the relationship between violence and mental illness. Yet, there is now a legal expectation in some countries that public services, including health professionals, assess risk of violent extremism – with few available measures. We previously developed a new measure of Sympathies for Radicalisation, using items that measure Sympathies for Violent Protest and Terrorism. In this paper, we present the detailed psychometric properties of a reduced item measure of Sympathies for Violent Protest and Terrorism. We use data from two studies to test replication and then validity against outcomes of self-reported violence and convictions in the entire sample and in those with depressive symptoms.

Methods:

Data from two cross-sectional neighbourhood surveys, consisting of Pakistani and Bangladeshi adults (survey 1, n = 608) and White British and Pakistani adults (survey 2, n = 618), were used to undertake confirmatory factor analysis of Sympathies for Radicalisation and produce a short measure of Sympathies for Violent Protest and Terrorism. Survey 2 data were used to test the Sympathies for Violent Protest and Terrorism’s convergent validity to classify presence/absence of violence and convictions in the whole sample and for subgroups by depressive disorder.

Results:

The seven-item measure’s structure was a consistent measure of extremist attitudes across the two surveys. A threshold score of zero to classify violence was optimal (specificity = 89.7%; area under the curve = 0.75), but sensitivity to a risk of violence was poor (34.5%). The short version Sympathies for Radicalisation was a better classifier of violence in respondents with depression, dysthymia or both (area under the curve = 0.78) than respondents with neither (area under the curve = 0.69; β = 0.62, 95% confidence interval = [−0.67, 1.92]; standard error = 0.66).

Conclusion:

The seven-item measure of Sympathies for Violent Protest and Terrorism is an accessible and valid measure for clinical assessments and helpfully identifies low risk of violence. It enables clinicians to conduct detailed assessments of people endorsing one or more of the items, although further research is needed.
Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss Associated With Nivolumab Therapy for Stage IV Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Tampio Alex J. F. , Dhanireddy Swetha , Sivapiragasam Abirami , Nicholas Brian D.
Published: July 2020

Objectives:

Present the case of a 67-year-old male with stage IV malignant melanoma who presented with uveitis and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) while on nivolumab and review the literature for likely etiologies.

Methods:

A retrospective case review was conducted. The current literature was accessed to inquire about possible pathologic mechanisms and treatment options.

Results:

A 67-year-old male with stage IV malignant melanoma was treated with nivolumab. During therapy, the patient presented with bilateral uveitis, vertigo, and bilateral moderate sloping to moderate–severe SNHL. After 4 cycles of nivolumab, restaging scans showed no evidence of disease. Nivolumab was discontinued. The patient was placed on a 3-week course of systemic high dose steroids and topical steroid eye drops. Both his uveitis and SNHL resolved after treatment. Nivolumab enhances the antitumor activity of T cells by inhibiting the programed death-1 receptor. While nivolumab has shown great promise in the treatment of many types of cancers, it has also been associated with many autoimmune side effects. We propose the etiology of this 67-year-old male’s SNHL and uveitis are the result of an autoimmune process secondary to an augmented T cell response induced by nivolumab.

Conclusion:

While immunotherapeutic agents such as nivolumab have shown great promise in the treatment of cancer, one should maintain an awareness and caution of autoimmune side effects such as uveitis and SNHL.
Follow-Up Phone Interviews and Attendance Motivation From A Free Head and Neck Cancer Screening
Authors: Urdang Zachary D. , Rosales David H. , Chen QiLiang , Li Ryan J. , Andersen Peter E. , Gross Neil D. , Clayburgh Daniel R.
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

Head and Neck Cancer Awareness and Screening Programs (HNCASP) are popular community outreach events hosted by academic and community otolaryngology departments. However, long-term follow-up of participants is lacking.

Patients and Methods:

Participants of a HNCASP held at an academic cancer center prospectively filled out demographic and risk factor surveys followed by HNC screening examination. A phone interview was conducted for participants between 2012 and 2016 with suspicious findings to assess outcomes.

Results:

Participants were largely Caucasian, female, and had health insurance, reflecting the setting at an academic medical center. Despite this, there were 156 (16.8%) positive screenings; 47 of these completed follow up interviews. Twelve (1.1% of all participants) cancer cases were confirmed.

Discussion:

A significant proportion of HNCASP participants benefited from this screening opportunity. Education regarding HNC is the primary benefit and motivational factor for attendance of HNCASPs, although a significant subset of patients was identified that needed follow-up, and several cancers were detected.
Mothers’ Work Schedule Inflexibility and Children’s Behavior Problems
Authors: Pilarz Alejandra Ros
Published: July 2020

Flexibility in work schedules is key to helping parents with young children balance work and caregiving responsibilities. Prior research shows that work schedule inflexibility is associated with greater parenting stress and work-family conflict. Through these negative implications for parental well-being, work schedule inflexibility may also adversely influence children’s socio-emotional development. This study uses data from an urban, birth-cohort sample of children born to predominantly unmarried parents, the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, to test the hypothesis that mothers’ perceived work schedule inflexibility is associated with children’s behavior problems at age 5 years. Results from lagged dependent variable models suggest that mothers’ high work schedule inflexibility was associated with more externalizing and internalizing behavior problems in their children, relative to experiencing low inflexibility. These associations were partially mediated by mothers’ parenting stress and depressive symptoms, and for externalizing behaviors only, these associations were concentrated among single-mother and low-income families.
Association between lipid profiles and arterial stiffness: A secondary analysis based on a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Long , Zhi Fu , Gao Beibei , Ni Jie , Liu Yihai , Mo Xuming , Huang Jinyu
Published: July 2020

Objectives

The relationship between lipid levels and arterial stiffness remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to determine the relationship between lipid profiles and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) as an indicator of arterial stiffness.

Methods

A total of 909 participants aged 24 to 84 years were stratified into four baPWV quartiles in our study. Serum lipids, baPWV, and other variables of the participants were measured. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between lipid parameters and baPWV.

Results

The highest baPWV quartile group had higher aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and maximum ankle–brachial index, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Univariate regression analysis showed that total cholesterol, TG, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were positively related and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were negatively related to baPWV. After adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, plasma glucose, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, only TG levels were correlated with baPWV (β = 0.075).

Conclusions

Four lipid variates are associated with arterial stiffness, and TG levels are positively related to arterial stiffness, independent of cardiovascular risks and liver function.
Police Discretion and Restorative Justice in China: Stories from the Street-level Police
Authors: Zhang Yan
Published: July 2020

Based on ethnographic data collected from one local police station in China, this article attempts to examine the use of discretion by Chinese police in three different restorative justice (RJ) programs. With reference to Wilson’s organizational style of policing, the hybridity of watch-man, legalistic and service style in Chinese policing is identified, which can help conceptualize how police decision over mediation work has been institutionally co-shaped. This article also deploys Lipsky’s street-level bureaucracy with specific focuses on how the police select cases and facilitate an agreement between stakeholders. Coping strategies defined by Lipsky are found to be employed by the police to confront their huge workload and complicated cases. Overall, RJ in China is primarily promoted as universal top-down national reforms; meanwhile, police discretion, catalyzed by bureaucratic rationalities and the political imperative of social order and stability, is conducive to both the divergence and convergence between RJ in law-books and in action.
Assessment of Concrete Curing Duration using Bulk Electrical Conductivity and Porosity
Authors: Basnayake Kanchani , Mazumder Abul Fazal , Attanayake Upul , Berke Neal S.
Published: July 2020

Controlling permeability of concrete is essential for enhancing durability and, thus, the service life. Concrete permeability is affected by the total volume of permeable voids and the continuity of the capillary pore structure. Even though concrete strength is the typical performance parameter used to define a wet curing duration, it is important to maintain wet curing until concrete develops a discontinuous capillary pore structure with a minimum volume of total permeable voids to assure durability. Therefore, the required wet curing period can be defined as the longest duration out from the (i) time to achieve the specified strength, (ii) time to develop a discontinuous capillary pore structure, and (iii) time to develop a minimum volume of total permeable voids. Since concrete strength evaluation methods are well developed, there is a need for developing procedures to evaluate concrete pore structure characteristics to decide on the wet curing duration. This study investigated the use of bulk electrical conductivity and porosity test methods described in ASTM C1760 and C642 to evaluate the (i) time to develop a discontinuous capillary pore structure and (ii) time to develop a minimum volume of total permeable voids, respectively. The suggested procedure of wet curing duration assessment is demonstrated for two concrete mixes: one with only Type I cement and the other with Type I cement and slag.
Organizational Rules and Cognitive Uncertainty Among Public Professionals: A Daily Diary Study
Authors: Bernards Bernard , van der Voet Joris , van der Pas Suzan , Groeneveld Sandra
Published: July 2020

Although public management and human resource management research has extensively investigated the motivational effects of organizational rules, the original utility of organizational rules—uncertainty reduction—has remained overlooked. This study takes a cognitive perspective by examining how organizational rules relate to uncertainty experiences of public professionals. In this study, we provide a dynamic perspective on the relationship between organizational rules and uncertainty through a 2-week daily online diary study among 65 public professionals in the Netherlands. The results indicate that the amount and consistency of rules are related to professionals’ daily uncertainty experiences. Moreover, within-person experiences of rules and uncertainty are highly variable over time. We argue that a cognitive perspective of uncertainty reduction can broaden our understanding of the consequences of organizational rules in managing people, and that the dynamic nature of organizational rule experiences cannot be a mere footnote in future public administration and human resource management research.
Breaking down the silos: Transcatheter aortic valve implant versus open heart surgery
Authors: Sadri Hamid
Published: July 2020

Budget silos innate to hospital global funding schemes tend to inhibit the adoption of innovative clinical practices. In contrast, budget fluidity can encourage initiatives that align with the Quadruple Aim. This article calculated the budget impact of Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR) and Transcatheter Valve Implant (TAVI) in high-risk aortic stenosis to demonstrate the value of a full-cost accounting approach. The budget impact of TAVI was $4,000 more than SAVR ($52,576 vs $48,578). However, the cost of managing SAVR adverse events was higher than TAVI ($17,718 vs. $11,754) over 1 year. A scenario analysis demonstrated that the total cost of care for a cohort of 100 patients at baseline ratio of 30% TAVI versus 70% SAVR was similar to a future scenario, with reverse proportions. While TAVI may seem expensive upfront, when considered as a surgical department budget item, the overall cost to the hospital is comparable to the SAVR.
Reasons for Not Seeking Professional Help by Abused Refugee Women: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Damra Jalal K. , Abujilban Sanaa
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to gain insight into factors that have an impact on Syrian abused refugee women’s decision for seeking professional help regarding intimate partner violence (IPV) against them. This study attempted to answer the following question; what are the reasons for not seeking professional help by victims of IPV among refugee women? The qualitative method was used with semi-structured interviews in an accessible sample of 30 abused refugee women, who were identified by cooperated local community organizations working with the refugee. Five reasons emerged from the interviews affecting seeking help behaviors for refugee women: misconceptions about IPV problem; difficulties to access and approach different care centers; lack of awareness about the negative consequences of IPV; unaware, negative expectations, negative experiences, and incorrect thoughts about IPV’s services; and psychological and physical health difficulties. The authors suggested some recommendations in light of this study results. Raising awareness activities toward the negative impact of violence on women’s and children well-being, improving service availability, building professional capacities to work with abused women, and providing professional services for depressed and amputee’s refugee women.
You’re Not Old as Long as You’re Learning: Ageism, Burnout, and Development Among Italian Teachers
Authors: Mazzetti Greta , Vignoli Michela , Guglielmi Dina , Van der Heijden Béatrice I. J. M. , Evers Arnoud T.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore the buffering role of opportunities for professional development within the frame of the indirect relationship between workplace age discrimination (as a job demand) and job performance on a sample of N = 325 Italian teachers. Results of moderated mediation analysis indicated that emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between workplace age discrimination and impaired job performance. Furthermore, the relationship between workplace age discrimination and performance through the mediation of emotional exhaustion became stronger at lower levels of professional development. Although professional development is recognized as a crucial job resource, this study sheds light on its protective role among teachers dealing with discrimination caused by their age. Fostering of professional development could prevent teachers from feeling emotionally exhausted and, in turn, from the occurrence of impaired performance.
Opacity in orbital X‐ray
Authors: Au Sunny Chi Lik , Ko Simon Tak Chuen
Published: July 2020

X‐ray interpretation is a fundamental skill in emergency practice. Post‐operative eyes with implants may sometimes pose clinical challenges on post‐traumatic event diagnosis and differentiation from organ wasting. Recommended by authorities and guidelines, computed tomography is indicated for evaluation of head injury cases, yet incidental abnormal findings such as radiopacity in the eyeball might create dilemma to diagnosis. History taking and clinical examinations are essential for the interpretation of the radiopacity in orbital imaging. Subtle and uncommon radiological findings of the eye will be discussed.
The ACA Medicaid Expansions and Employment of Adults With Disabilities
Authors: Sevak Purvi , Schimmel Hyde Jody
Published: July 2020

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 substantially expanded the availability of health insurance coverage, particularly for adults with disabilities. One notable change was the option for states to offer Medicaid coverage to adults with household incomes that were below 138% of the federal poverty line; most but not all states expanded Medicaid to this population. This article investigates whether states that expanded Medicaid coverage through the ACA in 2014—the first year that expansion was possible under the ACA, and the year that most states opted to expand—experienced differential changes in the employment rate of adults with disabilities relative to states that did not expand Medicaid. Using nationally representative data from the American Community Survey, we do not find evidence that the postexpansion employment trend in Medicaid expansion states was significantly different from that trend in states that did not expand Medicaid.
Practice-Based Research Networks in Stakeholder-Driven Social Work Research
Authors: Kelly Erin L. , Davis Lisa , Holguin Monique , Gaona Lizbeth , Pahwa Rohini , Lee Sae , Pancake Laura , Murch Lezlie , Giambone Leslie , Brekke John
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

The field of social work is evolving toward community-engaged, stakeholder-driven research in the context of evidence-based practice (EBP) and practice-based evidence (PBE).

Methods:

We propose that practice-based research networks (PBRNs) are an approach to conducting stakeholder-driven research that can be uniquely valuable for the field of social work.

Results:

We define the concept of a PBRN and demonstrate how it can address the development of complementary agendas for service improvement, social work science, policy development and advocacy, as well as highlight the challenges and benefits of participating in a PBRN. We provide details of our experiences with a mental health–based PBRN in Los Angeles County, the Recovery-Oriented Care Collaborative, to illustrate the processes outlined and inform our recommendations.

Conclusions:

PBRNs are an important form of community-based participatory research, which can help the field of social work with reconciling EBPs and PBE to improve service delivery.
Secondary Palate Development in the Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Authors: Freiberger Katharina , Hemker Shelby , McAnally Ryan , King Rachel , Meyers-Wallen Vicki N. , Schutte Brian C. , Fyfe John C.
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To investigate the gestational timing of morphologic events in normal canine secondary palate development as a baseline for studies in dog models of isolated cleft palate (CP).

Methods:

Beagle and beagle/cocker spaniel-hybrid fetal dogs were obtained by cesarean-section on various days of gestation, timed from the initial rise of serum progesterone concentration. Morphology of fetal heads was determined by examining serial coronal sections.

Results:

On gestational day 35 (d35), the palatal shelves pointed ventrally alongside the tongue. On d36, palatal shelves were elongated and elevated to a horizontal position above the tongue but were not touching. On d37, palatine shelves and vomer were touching, but the medial epithelial seam (MES) between the apposed shelves remained. Immunostaining with epithelial protein markers showed that the MES gradually dissolved and was replaced by mesenchyme during d37-d44, and palate fusion was complete by d44. Examination of remnant MES suggested that fusion of palatal shelves began in mid-palate and moved rostrally and caudally.

Conclusion:

Palate development occurs in dogs in the steps described in humans and mice, but palate closure occurs at an intermediate time in gestation. These normative data will form the basis of future studies to determine pathophysiologic mechanisms in dog models of CP. Added clinical significance is the enhancement of dogs as a large animal model to test new approaches for palate repair, with the obvious advantage of achieving full maturity within 2 years rather than 2 decades.
Managerial Paths, Social Inclusion, and NBS in Tactile Cultural Products: Theory and Practice
Authors: Baldarelli Maria-Gabriella , Cardillo Eleonora
Published: July 2020

The aim of the work1 is to outline the contribution to nature-based solutions (NBS) of managerial paths regarding processes of social inclusion of cultural institutions. The article addresses particular aspects of heritage accessibility with respect to the community of a territory, making it more sensitive to disadvantaged people with special needs. Considering social inclusion as an important social challenge of NBS, the article examines a case study, the Tattile Polo (Tactile Centre), in which accessibility to culture plays a preeminent role, transferring the historical and artistic value of cultural products to visually impaired and blind people. Empirical study assesses the degree of social inclusion of this institution where the NBS approach helps develop inclusive pathways and improve the perception of the reality of these disadvantaged participants. The research defines a possible accountability model through the definition of indicators to measure the inclusive aspects of managerial action as a relevant challenge of the NBS approach.
Effect of a struvite dissolution diet in cats with naturally occurring struvite urolithiasis
Authors: Tefft Karen M , Byron Julie K , Hostnik Eric T , Daristotle Leighann , Carmella Victoria , Frantz Nolan Z
Published: July 2020

Objectives

The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of the low struvite relative supersaturation diet in dissolution of feline struvite cystoliths.

Methods

This was a prospective, open-label, two-center study. Twelve client-owned cats were enrolled based on the radiographic appearance of their uroliths and urinalysis parameters. Cats were fed the test diet exclusively for up to 56 days. Cats were radiographed every other week until radiographic evidence of dissolution occurred or the end of the study period was reached. Cats with radiographically apparent uroliths at the end of the study period underwent cystotomy for stone retrieval and analysis.

Results

Nine of the 12 cats completed the study. Eight experienced radiographic dissolution; seven of these had complete dissolution within the first month of treatment. One cat, whose owner declined cystotomy after partial dissolution at day 56, had complete radiographic resolution at 70 days of treatment. Two calcium oxalate urolith cores were removed from a cat that had partial radiographic dissolution.

Conclusions and relevance

The test diet was successful in dissolving suspected struvite cystoliths. As this diet is suitable for maintenance feeding of adult cats, it may be a suitable choice for long-term prevention of feline struvite urolithiasis.
Bcl-2, p53, and Ki-67 expression in pterygium and normal conjunctiva and their relationship with pterygium recurrence
Authors: Turan Meydan , Turan Gulay
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

Pterygium is a common lesion of the ocular surface, and its etiology and pathogenesis are still uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the role of apoptosis and proliferation in pterygium formation and recurrence.

Materials and methods:

In this study, p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 expression levels were evaluated in primary pterygium ( n = 35) and recurrent pterygium ( n = 32) tissue samples and compared with normal conjunctiva ( n = 30) tissue samples. In addition, recurrent pterygiums were divided into three groups based on recurrence time, and their p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 expression levels were compared.

Results:

The results show that p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 expression levels were significantly higher in the pterygium tissue samples as compared to the control group ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). When primary and recurrent pterygium tissues were compared, bcl-2 expression was higher in recurrent pterygium tissue samples ( p = 0.003). However, when Ki-67 and p53 expression levels were evaluated, no significant difference was found between primary and recurrent pterygium ( p = 0.215, p = 0.321, respectively). Also, p53 and Ki-67 expression were correlated in pterygium tissue samples, and Bcl-2 expression was significantly higher in pterygium that recurrence in the first 6 months after surgery. There was no difference between groups 1, 2, and 3 in terms of p53 and Ki-67 expression.

Conclusion:

Antiapoptotic mechanisms and proliferation play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of pterygium. Furthermore, Bcl-2 expression may be important in pterygium recurrence.
A systematic review of augmented reality tourism research: What is now and what is next?
Authors: Jingen Liang Lena , Elliot Statia
Published: July 2020

The application of augmented reality in tourism is flourishing and promising, bringing an emerging body of studies. While virtual reality might be a virtual threat to the travel and tourism as being a potential substitute, augmented reality allows users to interact with the real environment that could potentially enhance visitors’ experience. Distinguishing from reviews that combine studies of augmented reality and virtual reality, this study systematically investigates the current state of augmented reality research exclusively in the tourism literature. The results identify five established and emerging research clusters, with one predominant cluster that focuses on user acceptance of augmented reality, commonly applying the technology acceptance model. A meta-analysis of a subset of four empirical studies reveals that perceived ease of use has an overall influence of 52.79% on perceived usefulness. Lastly, a concept map visually presents the constructs that have been explored across the clusters. Based on our review, future research directions are proposed to advance knowledge in the emerging area of gamification, to explore the potential negative consequences of augmented reality, and to apply more innovative methods and study designs.
The end of schooling and education for “calamity”
Authors: Oliverio Stefano
Published: July 2020

In this article, after delineating a Deweyan framework that reclaims the autonomy of education against any instrumentalization, while not curtly writing off the vocabulary of instrumentalism, I will address the question of the “what and what for” of education in reference to schooling and, more particularly, to an emerging emphasis on the fact that new technology should result in an overhaul (if not a demise) of the “scholastic” project. By taking my cue from some ideas of Michel Serres, I will espouse a longue durée perspective and will show how the contemporary discourse on a de-schooling via technology is actually the radicalization of the modern gesture of Descartes. At the same time, though, I aim at deconstructing this conceptual device and at showing how a thinking-through-penmanship is operative there so that we can state that the cogito is predicated upon the gesture of handwriting and, therefore, requires schooling as its pre-condition. In this sense, while bringing to a close the most obsolete forms of modern schooling can represent a horizon for educational theory and practice, it would be calamitous to let the “scholastic” project itself come to a conclusion.
League Ranking Mobility Affects Attendance: Evidence From European Soccer Leagues
Authors: Gyimesi András
Published: July 2020

Ranking mobility belongs to the indicators of dynamic long-term competitive balance, as it is based on season to season changes in league rankings. If the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis holds at the league level, ranking mobility might increase demand for league games. This assumption is tested by using panel regression models on data of 19 European domestic soccer leagues. Ranking mobility is found to significantly affect average stadium attendance per game, particularly if only the top 5 ranking positions are considered. Results suggest that the closeness of competition across seasons is more important for the fans than within a season.