bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La protección de los derechos humanos en la justicia penal internacional: el caso particular del Tribunal Penal Internacional para la ex-Yugoslavia en relación con el derecho consuetudinario y el principio de legalidad = The protection of human rights in international Criminal Justice: the particular case of the international criminal tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in relation to customary law and the principle of legality
Authors: Díaz Galán Elena C. , Bertot Triana Harold
Published: December 2018

RESUMEN: La labor del Tribunal Penal Internacional para la Ex-Yugoslavia tuvo un momento importante en la compresión del principio de legalidad, como principio básico en la garantía de los derechos humanos, al enfrentar no sólo el derecho consuetudinario como fuente de derecho sino también diferentes modos o enfoques en la identificación de este derecho consuetudinario. Esta relación debe ser analizada a la luz de las limitaciones que tiene el derecho internacional y, sobre todo, de los procedimientos de creación de normas. No resulta fácil exigir responsabilidad en el cumplimiento del derecho internacional humanitario y de los derechos humanos. La práctica de este Tribunal abre una vía para la reflexión con la finalidad de asegurar el respeto de los derechos humanos en cualquier circunstancia, incluso de aquellos que llevaron a cabo la comisión de graves crímenes contra la comunidad internacional.ABSTRACT: The work of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia was important for understanding the principle of legality as a key principle on the guarantee of Human Rights. The former was due to the Tribunal’s work on having faced the customary law as a source of law using different perspectives for its identification. The link between customary law, principle of legality and human rights has to be analyzed taking in account the limits of International law and the procedures for creating legal norms. It is not easy to invoke responsibility in the fulfillment of international humanitarian law and international law of human rights. The practice developed by this Tribunal provides an avenue for thinking about ensuring the respect of the human rights in any case including the commission of grave crimes against international community. PALABRAS CLAVE: derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, principio de legalidad, derecho internacional humanitario, costumbre internacionalKEYWORDS: international law of human rights, principle of legality, international humanitarian law, international custom
El humanismo poscolonial como crítica del etnonacionalismo = Postcolonial humanism as a critique of ethnonationalism
Authors: Cortés Gómez Ismael
Published: December 2018

RESUMEN: Aplicando una metodología hermenéutica intertextual, el artículo ofrece un análisis de diferentes momentos en la articulación del humanismo poscolonial, sistematizando los nexos conceptuales entre las propuestas de Fanon / Bhabha y Bhabha / Said. El artículo interpreta el humanismo poscolonial como una epistemología crítica que permite dilucidar los mecanismos de violencia cultural y epistémica inherentes a los proyectos y a las narrativas etno-nacionalistas, y plantea la posibilidad de un horizonte de ciudadanía intercultural en el contexto presente de crisis de la Unión Europea posBrexit.ABSTRACT: This article offers an analysis of different moments in the articulation of postcolonial humanism through a systematization of conceptual nexus among the proposals of Fanon / Bhabha and Bhabha / Said, the article highlights the contemporary dimensions of postcolonial humanism. By doing intertextual hermeneutic analysis, the article interprets postcolonial humanism as a critical epistemology that elucidates the mechanisms of cultural and epistemic violence inherent to ethno-nationalist narratives and strategies, in the current context of postBrexit EU crisis.PALABRAS CLAVE: interculturalidad; etno-nacionalismo; humanismo poscolonial; democracia; derechos universalesKEYWORDS: interculturality; ethno-nationalism; postcolonial humanism; democracy; universal rights
Assessment of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetics before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment. A short-term follow-up study
Authors: Velasco-Corredor Wendy Esther , Aranzazu Moya Gloria Cristina , Hernández Castañeda Anne Alejandra , Johanna Otero , Queluz Dagmar de Paula
Published: December 2018

Aim: To evaluate glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2). Methods: Twenty subjects diagnosed with periodontitis and DM-2 were treated using an NSPT protocol. Periodontal examination and blood measurements were performed at baseline and after three months. Patients with DM-2 treated for at least a year, with at least 10 teeth and with probing depths between 4-6 mm in more than three regions were included. The variables evaluated were HbA1c in blood and periodontal measures (probing depths, insertion level, gingival bleeding on probing, dental plaque, calculus, inflammation, clinical attachment and mobility). All patients were informed of the conditions of the therapy used. Scaling and root planning (SRP) of the full mouth was performed using an ultrasonic scaler and hand instrument under local anesthesia, supragingival prophylaxis and oral hygiene instruction. Also, 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate was formulated twice a day for two weeks. Statistical analyses were performed using StataIC 14. The values are shown as the mean, median and standard deviation (SD) or interquartile rank (IR), and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Twenty subjects completed the three-month follow-up and were included in the analysis. Three months after the non-surgical periodontal treatment, most periodontal parameters had a meaningful reduction (p< 0.05) and a large effect size >0.8. Clinical attachment level showed no improvement. The HbA1c values were not significantly decreased (p=0.94). Conclusions: Although non-surgical periodontal therapy eliminates local inflammation, it is insufficient to significantly reduce HbA1c levels in a short time period.
Alfabetização: ler e escrever através do projeto “Aprendendo a conviver na escola”
Authors: Gonçalves Aline do Nascimento Araújo Gonçalves Do Nascimento Araújo , Felix Neudiane Moreira Felix Moreira , Chagas José Wanderley Santos Chagas Santos , Martins Evaneide Dourado Martins Dourado , Rodrigues Lídia Azevedo de Menezes Rodrigues De Menezes
Published: December 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre educação de valores, com resultados de uma investigação com objetivo de analisar as contribuições que o projeto “Aprendendo a conviver na escola - leitura, escrita e valores” Pibid/UVA/Pedagogia/2014, realizado na E.E.I.F. Antônio Benício de Vasconcelos, proporcionou às crianças do 1º, 2º e 3º ano, em relação à aprendizagem de leitura, escrita e de valores. O estudo se baseia nos autores, Martins (2005), Zabalza (2000), Trevisol (2009). Fez-se um estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa, com uma entrevista semiestruturada com professores e roda de conversa com os alunos. A partir da pesquisa constatou-se que o projeto contribuiu significativamente para a aprendizagem das crianças em relação à leitura, escrita e valores.
Professoras alfabetizadoras: memórias de leitura e prática pedagógica
Authors: Assolini Filomena Elaine Paiva
Published: December 2018

Apresentamos resultados de uma pesquisa de pós-doutorado, em que foi investigada a relação que professoras alfabetizadoras estabeleceram com a leitura durante a infância. Buscamos saber como tal relação repercute em suas atuais práticas pedagógicas. O referencial teórico é constituído a partir da Análise do Discurso de matriz francesa, da Teoria Sócioâ€‘Histórica do Letramento e das contribuições de Chartier e seguidores. As análises discursivas realizadas assinalam que as professoras que experimentaram relações amorosas com a leitura na infância desenvolvem práticas pedagógicas que possibilitam aos alunos ocupar a posição de intérpretesâ€‘historicizados. Professoras que vivenciaram o desprazer com a leitura, sem ressignificá-lo, reproduzem o discurso pedagógico escolar tradicional
Humanidades sitiadas: Filosofia no Ensino Médio brasileiro e Bachillerato espanhol
Authors: Montero Maria Fernanda Alves Garcia
Published: December 2018

Este texto expõe parte dos resultados de pesquisa de doutorado, cuja meta era analisar comparativamente a Filosofia no Ensino Médio brasileiro e no Bachillerato espanhol, no contexto das reformas educacionais ocorridas nesses países após a abertura política. Tal pesquisa foi realizada desde análise de documentos pertinentes às reformas e referentes à Filosofia no Ensino Médio e no Bachillerato; provas específicas que avaliam esses níveis de ensino; percepções de professores e alunos sobre o trabalho com a Filosofia. Os resultados expostos referem-se às diretrizes legais educativas dos dois países, às orientações específicas para Filosofia e às percepções dos sujeitos. Evidenciou-se que, no atual cenário, a Filosofia é mais um elemento voltado para a satisfação das necessidades do mercado.
Peran Umur Tanam dan Asal Benih pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Garut (Marantha Arundinacea)
Authors: Utami Jenni Tri , Supriyono Supriyono , Nyoto Sri
Published: December 2018

Arrowroot (Marantha arundinacea) is potential plant to be developed in Indonesia. Arrowroot usually grows wild without special treatment so that makes the productivity is low. The purpose of research was to find the suitable planting age and seeds origin of arrowroot. The research was conducted from October 2016 to November 2017 at Experimental Field of Agriculture Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret. The research used RCBD (Randomized Completed Block Design) with two factors.The treatment of planting age consist of 3 levels (1 month, 2 months, 3 months) and seeds origin consist of 2 levels (tuber seeds and seed of nursery), each is repeated 4 times with 3 plants each replication. The results showed that the planting age treatment at 1 month of planting age has the better result compared with other treatments in almost every variables observed i.e plant height, number of tillers, tuber lenght, diameter tuber, and tuber weight per plant. The number of leaves,fresh weight plant, dry weight plant, and number of tubers are not significantly different at 1 month of planting age, although the plant is higher. The highest lenght of tuber is 20,5 cm from 2 months of planting age. Tuber weight of planting age treatment reached 31,8–124,9 gram per plant. Seed of nursery showed better results than tuber seeds although not significanly different. Between planting age and origin of seeds was no interaction.
Tick-Borne Infections Incidence among the Population of Siberian and Far East Federal Districts in 2009 and 2010 and Prognosis for 2011
Authors: Nikitin A. Ya. , Sidorova E. A. , Andaev E. I. , Chesnokova M. V.
Published: December 2018

Presented are the data on tick-borne infections (tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne borrelioses and rickettsioses) incidence among the population of the constituent entities of Siberian and Far East Federal Districts in 2009 and 2010. Given is the prognosis on tick-borne encephalitis and tick-borne borrelioses incidence among the population of the Districts for 2011. Generalized information on the amount of preventive measures is presented and the ways of their improvement are discussed.
Elaboration of the Algorithm of MLST-Typing of Pandemic and Pre-Pandemic V. cholerae El Tor strains
Authors: Ossin A. V. , Krasnov Ya. M. , Guseva N. P. , Smirnova N. I.
Published: December 2018

Molecular typing of pandemic and pre-pandemic cholera vibrio strains was carried out with the help of multi-locus sequence analysis. Application of two MLST schemes based on the sequence of virulence-associated and housekeeping genes demonstrated the last one to be the most effective in differentiation of strains, isolated before and during the seventh cholera pandemic.
Production of Lyophilized Preparation of Anti-Rabies Immunoglobulin and Examination of Its Main Properties
Authors: Abramova E. G. , Kochkalova N. N. , Nikiforov A. K. , Butyrskii A. Yu. , Ivanov Yu. V. , Sinitsyna N. V. , Mikheeva T. A. , Minaeva L. N. , Galkina M. V. , Savitskaya L. V. , Generalov S. V. , Kireev M. N. , Sharapova N. A.
Published: December 2018

Presented are data on examination of physical, chemical and biological characteristics of lyophilized preparation of geterologous anti-rabies immunoglobulin. Dry and original liquid forms of immunoglobulin were comparatively analyzed. The lyophilized form was shown to preserve main properties during long-term storage.
Epidemiological Situation Control at Biohazardous Facility
Authors: Lyapin M. N. , Sukhonosov I. Yu. , Ezhov I. N. , Toporkov A. V. , Toporkov V. P. , Chesnokova M. V. , Kosilko S. A. , Zakhlebnaya O. D.
Published: December 2018

The analysis of current regulatory requirements and applicable guidelines, as well as scientific papers, confirmed the existence of the subsystem of the control over epidemiological situation at the potentially hazardous biological facility. This subsystem is an element of the facility biosafety support system. Developed is the set of models which contain schemes of epidemiological situation management in case a sick facility officer is detected whose disease is suspected to be caused by the microorganisms of I-II pathogenicity groups.
Results of Application of the New Nutrient Media Set for Cholera Diagnostics within the Frames of the Special Tactical Training Exercises for Specialized Anti-Epidemic Team
Authors: Mazrukho A. B. , Kaminsky D. I. , Lomov Yu. M. , Telesmanich N. R. , Rozhkov K. K. , Kruglikov V. D. , Goncharenko E. V. , Trishina A. V. , Pukhov Yu. M. , Prometnoy V. I. , Pichurina N. L.
Published: December 2018

Carried out is approbation of the new nutrient media set for cholera diagnostics on the basis of bakers' yeast pancreatic digest within the frames of the special tactical training exercises for specialized anti-epidemic team (SAET). It is demonstrated that the developed nutrient media set compare favourably with its analogues, commonly used for practical procedures; and its constituent media have a potential to be included into the SAET mobilization reserve.
Improvement of Lyme Borreliosis Agent Indication Methods
Authors: Orlova T. N. , Vasilenko N. F. , Afanas`ev E. N. , Tyumentseva I. S. , Kotti B. K. , Maletskaya O. V. , Ismailova G. K. , Tokhov Yu. M. , Antonenko A. D. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: December 2018

On the basis of silica - aluminosilicate, modified by carboxymethylated lignin and carbodiimide, obtained are the composite microgranulated magnetic immunoadsorbents (MIA) with high adsorption activity, which are characterized by the standardized structural characteristics and mechanical strength. Application of MIAs makes it possible, at the stage of tick samples preparation, to eliminate various admixtures via reiterative irrigations of the sorbent with the infectious agent fixed on it. Therefore negative influence of admixtures on the performed analysis is excluded, and the target agent is concentrated to the maximum limit. Thus the specificity and sensitivity of PCR-analysis enhances.
Chronometry as a Method to Assess the Formation of Skills Required for Work with the Agents of Particularly Dangerous Infections in the Course of Professional Retraining
Authors: Sazanova E. V. , Malyukova T. A. , Boiko A. V. , Rastuntseva E. V. , Lotsmanova E. Yu. , Yusupova Z. S.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study is to assess how successfully the trainees obtain skills of post mortem examination of laboratory animals, with strict observance of the rules of safe work with pathogenic biological agents of I-II groups, during their training at professional retraining courses. Individual continuous chronometry is offered as the assessment method. The obtained results can be used for planning of practical training, drafting the time-table, standardization of work of instructors.
Quality Management System in Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute
Authors: Kogotkova O. I. , Novakov P. B. , Zuenko A. A. , Lyapustina L. V. , Gridina T. M. , Egshatyan T. I. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: December 2018

The analysis of the structure of quality management system and the areas of its activity is presented. Trends for its further improvement are defined.
Immunobiological Characteristics of Cholera Toxin B-Subunit
Authors: Klyueva S. N. , Shchukovskaya T. N. , Shmel’Kova T. P. , Kravtsov A. L. , Bugorkova S. A. , Smirnova N. I. , Volokh O. A. , Zakharova T. L. , Belyakova N. I. , Eremin S. A. , Nikiforov A. K.
Published: December 2018

Carried out was immunobiological evaluation of cholera toxin B subunit preparations obtained using different experimental and production methods. It was demonstrated that B subunit preparations were non-toxic for biomodels and did not cause significant pathological alterations in their organs and tissues. They also did not alter the condition of immunocompetent cells at different stages of their cycle, and promote anti-toxic antibodies production. Thus, B subunit preparations under study can be considered as promising components of cholera vaccine.
Studies of Sensitivity to Avian Flu Virus A/H5N1 in Chickens
Authors: Sergeev A. A. , P’Yankov O. V. , Demina O. K. , Shikov A. N. , Sergeev Al. A. , Shishkina L. N. , Safatov A. S. , Agafonov A. P. , Sergeev A. N.
Published: December 2018

) appear to be highly virulent for chickens. The chance of AFV infection of chickens in case of intranasal challenge is 20 times as great as in the case of peroral one, and 300 times as great as in the case of intragastral one, which bears evidence to higher sensitivity to AFV of the tissues of avian respiratory organs, in comparison with the tissues of gastro-intestinal tract. Therewith, primary target organ for virus in intranasal infected birds is their respiratory channel (mucous membrane of the nasal cavity in particular). Registered is the possibility of existence of fecal-nasal AFV transfer mechanism in chickens.
Algorithm of Laboratory Diagnostics Applied for Examination of Ixodic Ticks for Tularemia
Authors: Zaitsev A. A. , Gnusareva O. A. , Solodovnikov B. V. , Tsareva N. S. , Ostapovich V. V. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: December 2018

Put forward is the algorithm of laboratory diagnostics applied for examination of Ixodic ticks (IT) for tularemia. It involves carrying out primary screening of tick suspensions for the presence of species-specific fragments of DNA and antigen. It is recommended that laboratory analysis starts with PCR, taking into account its high sensitivity and diagnostic value. Pools with positive PCR tests are subjected to verification by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immune-chromatographic tests. In case of tularemia antigen detection, these pools of IT are examined with the help of biological or bacteriological techniques to isolate the agent.
Cultural Antigen in the Technology for Anti-Rabies Immunoglobulin Obtainment from Equine Blood Serum
Authors: Generalov S. V. , Abramova E. G. , Matveeva Zh. V. , Zhulidov I. M. , Lobovikova O. A. , Svintsov R. A. , Komissarov A. V. , Kireev M. N. , Nikiforov A. K.
Published: December 2018

week after immunization (specific activity is identified using neutralization reaction on the model of white mice and dot-blot immunoassay). This level of activity is sufficient for the fractioning of immune serum and extraction of anti-rabies immunoglobulin. Physicochemical and biological properties of the anti-rabies immunoglobulin, obtained with the help of cultural antigen technique, meet the requirements stated in the normative documentation on anti-rabies immunoglobulins extracted from equine blood serum. Specific activity level of experimental batches of anti-rabies immunoglobulin, obtained with the help of cultural technologies, corresponds to 242 and 214 IU/ml.
Genetic Monitoring of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in the South of the European Part of Russia
Authors: Volynkina A. S. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: December 2018

Presented are the results of gene-typing of CCHF virus detected in clinical samples from CHF patients from the Stavropol, Rostov and Astrakhan Regions in 2011. For 28 samples determined are nucleotide sequences of the fragments 115–652 (S segment) and fragments 984–1469 (M segment). Philogenetic analysis of these nucleotide sequences demonstrated that typical strains circulated in 2011 in the regions under surveillance, importation of the new genetic variants of the virus did not take place. CCHF virus variant affiliated to the subgroup “Astrakhan-2” was detected in the clinical samples for the first time and characterized for its genome S- and M-segment fragments.
Diagnostics of Microcirculatory Disorders in Children with Infectious Pathology
Authors: Grachieva O. V. , Kharchenko G. A. , Rasskazov D. N. , Sadretdinov R. A.
Published: December 2018

Laser Doppler flowmetry method (LDF) was used to examine children (43 patients with enteroviral infection, 34 patients with Astrakhan rickettsial fever, and 40 healthy controls). In addition, in view of LDF survey data, carried out was thermal assay and amplitude-frequency analysis of peripheral microcirculation predictors. Detected were incipient changes in microvasculature relative to microangiopathy.
Diagnostic Efficiency of Adsorbed Anthrax Vegetative Fluorescent Immunoglobulins Demonstrated in the Medical Trials
Authors: Sayapina L. V. , Abdrashitova A. S. , Lobach R. N. , Komratov A. V. , Malakhaeva A. N. , Lyashova O. Yu. , Valova T. V. , Khramov M. V. , Gefan N. G.
Published: December 2018

Studied is the diagnostic efficiency (specific activity, sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility) of anthrax vegetative fluorescent immunoglobulins. Based on the data, received in medical trials, this preparation is recommended for registration as a product for medical application in the Russian Federation.
La terminología judicial: personal que colabora con la Administración de Justicia en Francia y en España
Authors: Expósito Castro Carmen
Published: December 2018

Los actos procesales procedentes de los órganos jurisdiccionales son objeto de encargo frecuente para traductores e intérpretes jurados y judiciales. Una parte de los conceptos que aparecen en los textos de ámbito judicial hacen referencia a la denominación del personal que participa en la constitución, desarrollo y resolución del proceso judicial. Esos conceptos, denominados con términos judiciales, no deben llevar a confusión por lo que merecen ser bien comprendidos tanto por los traductores e intérpretes como por los propios juristas, destinatarios de la traducción o interpretación. Esto significa que dichos términos necesitan traducirse correctamente y de forma coherente; por ello consideramos oportuno abordar la terminología referente a las funciones del personal que interviene en estos procesos para analizarlas y compararlas entre dos países distintos. Nuestro análisis se va a centrar en Francia y en España.Veremos que las funciones difieren dentro de cada ordenamiento jurídico por lo que en algunos casos resultará complejo adoptar una sola propuesta de traducción para los términos franceses. Se aportarán las soluciones que consideramos más adaptadas para las que argumentaremos las técnicas de traducción utilizadas. En última instancia, ofreceremos una tabla con el listado de funciones del personal judicial francés y sus propuestas en español.
Pollen Donor Position and Climate Factor Affecting Fruit Production of Nutmeg
Authors: Purwiyanti Susi , Sudarsono NFN , Kusumo Yudiwanti Wahyu Endro , Rostiana Otih
Published: December 2018

The quality and quantity of nutmeg fruit, seed and mace can be improved through managing fruit and seed production.  Fruit development was affected by climate, flower initiation and pollination process. This study aimed to determine the correlation between climate, position, distance of pollen donor to female nutmeg trees, and the ratio of female and male trees to nutmeg yield.  The study was conducted at the nutmeg germplasm collection garden at Cicurug (550 m asl), Sukabumi, tested 295 nutmeg trees from 27 locations in Indonesia. Data production of female trees was based on 2005-2017 data. All nutmeg trees were mapped using the GPS Garmin 76c5x.  Tree sex was determined by male or female flowers domination in each tree. Correlation of the climate factors and production was analyzed using Pearson Correlation. The distance, position and the proportion of female to male trees were evalated by t-test at 5% level.  Ratio of female and male trees to produce high yield was 4 : 1. Rainfall (280-430 mm/month) and temperature (24 - 25o C)   during  the  pollination  period  (8-7  months  before  harvesting)  were positively correlated with production by 57.9 % and 82.3 %. The position and distance of pollen donors to female trees had no effect on production.  However, the distance between pollen donors and female trees above 15 m produced an average production equal to 15 m. The number of trees around tree samples had no effect on nutmeg production, but light intensity at 61,425-88,480 lux absorbed by trees could enhance the yield.  Nutmeg required sunlight to penetrate plant canopy in order to induce fruit production.
Конструкция плиты для сборных дорожных покрытий
Authors: Zinevich S. I.
Published: December 2018

Experience in the operation of prefabricated concrete pavements with intensive traffic of heavy vehicles has shown that despite a high strength of the concrete slabs themselves it is necessary to arrange strong foundations. While laying concrete on the ground residual deformations are accumulating in it due to pressures which are initiated by elastically bending plates when vehicles are passing that leads to formation of voids under the plate and cracks in the plate itself. In order to increase rigidity of the plate (reduction of its settlement during the passage of vehicles) the author has proposed to arrange plates with two longitudinal ribs, and the plates themselves are to be laid on loose soil mixed with cement. The ribs are proposed to be placed on roll bars, i. e. symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal axis of the plate at a distance from each other which is equal to the distance between wheels of the calculated vehicle on one axis. In order to determine dependence of plate rigidity on a shape and a size of a cross section in longitudinal ribs calculations have been made while using a PC “Lira” and a finite element method. A finite element model of the plate has included 19152 nodes and 18943 finite elements. An elastic foundation has been modeled by vertical elastic links which are in every bottom node. The plate has been loaded with a load which is equivalent to the load from a calculated vehicle wheel at four points: a wheel in the middle of the plate; a wheel on the corner of the plate; two wheels at the same time on the line which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plate and located at the beginning (or end) of the plate; two wheels at the same time on the line which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plate and passing through its center. The following forms of a longitudinal rib having the same crosssectional area have been studied at the beginning: triangular, oval (semicircle) and rectangular. In the context of plate rigidity increase the most optimal form has been a triangular shape. Height differences in such a plate are the least in case of load action. So, for example, in comparison with a typical plate (plate without longitudinal ribs), presence of longitudinal ribs of triangular cross – section increases plate rigidity by an average of 50 % depending on the location of the calculated wheel on the plate (39–64 %). After determining an optimal shape of cross section for longitudinal ribs the dependence has been found for plate rigidity and it depends on a height of longitudinal triangular ribs. While having a constant volume of the plate and a constant a size of the rib base (32 cm) (approximate width of a calculated vehicle wheel) a rib height and a plate thickness have been changed. The calculations have made it possible to determine dependence of the plate rigidity on a height of a longitudinal rib. It has been determined that as for the given volume and dimensions of the plate the optimal rib height is 25 cm.
Theoretical Prerequisites for Strengthening Micro-Structure of Surface Layer in Road Concrete Pavement by Colloid Material
Authors: Pshembaev M. K. , Kovalev Ya. N.
Published: December 2018

Assuming that there are perpetual roads solution of the problem pertaining to strength and longevity of road concrete pavements are mainly determined by theoretical prerequisites which are considered as basic ones in technology for strengthening micro-structure of their top surface layer. Application of fine grain concrete with ultra-disperse additives partially helps to obtained strengthened top layer of such pavements. At the same time further search and improvement of theoretical analysis for the given problem are required for development of technological parameters. Investigations on this direction are rather insignificant and the problem continues to be considered as an actual one. There is a known method for application of colloid cement glue and activated gunite solution for strengthening binding of new and old concrete in engineering structures. However it is necessary to point out the fact that investigations in the field of protection of road concrete pavements against corrosion destructions are actually absent. Such approach restrains a wide application of the mentioned methods in engineering practice for provision of efficient maintenance of concrete pavements. In this case it is necessary to consider the existing theoretical statements on the essence of quantum structure-formation mechanics in the systems consisting of colloid-disperse particles. This approach to road concrete science is accepted a new one ant it is connected with the possibility to regulate processes of structure-formation micro-mechanics in mineral systems while creating protective surface layers in road concrete pavements. The given paper is devoted to this problem.
An Epidemiological, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Study of the Leishmania tropica Parasite in Iraq’s Anbar Province
Authors: Shahatha Suad Shallal , Saleh Thaer Abdelqader
Published: December 2018

This paper involved the registration of 1,936 cases of infection of the Leishmania tropica parasite observed at hospitals and health centers in Ramadi, Fallujah, Baghdadi, and Hit during 2017. The results revealed that the highest rates of infection were found in Ramadi and Fallujah. The 1-10 years age group recorded the highest rate at 35.5%. There was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) between the sexes. December and January saw the highest rate of infection, where the rate in rural townships was found to be 65.5%, higher than in urban regions which saw a rate of 34.4%. Facial lesions were the most prominent area of infection, recorded at a rate of 41.3%. The study also included an examination of 180 rodents (94 mice and 86 black rats) - the investigation demonstrated the presence of the amastigote stage at a rate of 43.6% among mice and 53.4% among rats. The study also involved an analysis of the impact of the use of a water extract from the Rhanterium epapposum plant, also locally known as the Arfaj plant, on Leishmania tropica parasite growth. As part of this study, a concentration of between 0.05-5 mg/ml was used. The application of these concentrations led to an inhibitory effect on parasite growth - an application of relatively higher concentrations caused greater effects in times of growth between 1-5 days.
Tadpole Domination in Graphs
Authors: Al-Harere M. N. , Bakhash P. A. Khuda
Published: December 2018

A new type of the connected domination parameters called tadpole domination number of a graph is introduced. Tadpole domination number for some standard graphs is determined, and some bounds for this number are obtained. Additionally, a new graph, finite, simple, undirected and connected, is introduced named weaver graph. Tadpole domination is calculated for this graph with other families of graphs.
Phacovitrectomy without preoperative steroids for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with associated choroidal detachment
Authors: Gui Junmin , Ai Ling , Huang Ting
Published: December 2018

Background: To report the anatomical and visual outcomes of combined phacoemulsification and micro-invasive pars plana vitrectomy (phacovitrectomy) without preoperative administration of steroids in the treatment of combined retinal detachments associated choroidal detachment(RRD/CD).
Methods: Medical records of patients who were diagnosed as RRD/CD without past ocular trauma and surgical history were retrieved and analyzed. All the patients were treated with phacovitrectomy plus silicone oil (SO) tamponade without preoperative steroids. Patients were followed up at least 3 months postoperatively. The mean follow-up time were 10.3±10.1 months.
Results: Seventeen patients (17 eyes), 8 women and 9 men, met the including criteria with mean age of 60.4±8.4 years. None of these eyes had intraocular lens implanted and none had combined scleral procedures in the primary surgical intervention. Preoperative B ultrasound showed that choroidal detachment was severe in 10 eyes (58.8%), moderate in 2 eyes (11.8%) and mild in 5 eyes(29.4%). Fifteen eyes(82.4%) had retina reattached after single operation. Of these 15 eyes, 14 eyes had SO removed, 8 of them had intraocular lens implanted, 2 eye had epimacular membrane peeling at the time of SO removing and one eye was refilled with SO. Two patients had retinal redetached within a month after primary surgical repair due to proliferation and would not willing to take re-operation. Fifteen eyes had postoperative visual acuity improved, 10 eyes had postoperative visual acuity equal or great than 0.1(20/200). The mean IOP at final visit was 15.7±4.2 mmHg, ranging from 10 to 28 mmHg.
Conclusions: Phacovitrectomy without preorerative steroids can achieve a satisfied single-operation anatomic and functional outcome. Free of preoperative steroid intervention will not only reduce the time waiting for surgery but also avoid the complications associated with systemic or local administration of steroids.
What is the impact of intravitreal injection of conbercept on neovascular glaucoma patients: a prospective, interventional case series study
Authors: Shi Liukun , Yang Jin , Lin Jinyong
Published: December 2018

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal conbercept combined with trabeculectomy and panretinal photocoagulation for neovascular glaucoma (NVG).
Methods: Fifty patients (54 eyes) with NVG were included in this prospective study. Fifty-two eyes initially underwent intravitreal conbercept, and then trabeculectomy and panretinal photocoagulation were performed. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), number of antiglaucoma medications, and surgical complications were recorded. The levels of VEGF-A, TGF-β1 and PLGF in aqueous humour that were collected during surgery were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the surgically excised trabecular tissue; enucleation was performed for 2 eyes, and light microscopy was used as the histopathological control.
Results: At the last follow-up visit, mean IOP was reduced from 48.1±14.2 mmHg to 23.2±8.7 mmHg, and the mean number of antiglaucoma medications used decreased from 3.0 (3.0, 4.0) to 1.0 (0.0, 1.0) (both P < 0.05). After patients underwent intravitreal injection, the concentrations of VEGF-A and TGF-β1 in aqueous humour in NVG patients decreased from 168.8±13.4 pg/ml and 159.6±15.4 pg/ml to 160.2±7.6 pg/ml and 151.9±2.3 pg/ml, respectively (both P < 0.05). Light microscopy revealed neovascularization regression in the iris in specimens with intravitreal conbercept. Electron microscopy revealed endothelial cell degeneration in the conbercept-treated specimens.
Conclusions: Our initial findings suggest that intravitreal conbercept is an effective treatment for managing neovascular glaucoma, with fewer postoperative complications in the short-term.
Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ChiCTR1800019918, 8 December 2018, Retrospectively registered.
Keywords: Neovascular glaucoma; conbercept; anti-vascular endothelial growth factor; trabeculectomy
Malapposition of Graft-host Interface after Keratoplasty: an Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: Zhao Yujin , Zhuang Hong , Hong Jiaxu , Tian Lijia , Xu Jianjiang
Published: December 2018

Background: Previous studies of internal graft-host malappositions have not dealt with the precise ways in which each wound malapposition affected post-keratoplasty visual outcomes. In this study, reviewing our postsurgical keratoconic patients using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to evaluate the correlation between characteristics of the graft-host interface (GHI) and visual outcomes was aimed.
Methods: Correlations between characteristics of GHI and the postsurgical visual outcomes, including logarithm of minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity (logMAR BCVA), spherical equivalent diopter (SE), diopter of spherical power (DS), diopter of cylindrical power (DC), and keratometric astigmatism, were evaluated of 45 eyes (patients).
Results: The graft-host touch (GHT) varied with different alignment patterns. LogMAR BCVA correlated positively with GHT (r=0.32, P=0.030) and junctional graft thickness (Tg) (r=0.49, P=0.001). SE had positive correlation with frequency of step [F (step)] (r=0.46, P=0.001), graft step [F (graft step)] (r=0.40, P=0.028), total prevalence of malapposition proportion (Pm) (r=0.35, P=0.018), size of malapposition (Sm) (r=0.31, P=0.037), Tg (r=0.03, P=0.022), disparity between junctional graft and host thickness (|Tg-Th|) (r=0.40, P=0.007), and correlated negatively with GHT (r=-0.34, P=0.021). Similar results were acquired in DS. Keratometric astigmatism was found to correlate positively with Sm (r=0.30, P=0.047).
Conclusion: In keratoconic eyes, corneal keratometric astigmatism increased by 0.017 with Sm. LogMAR BCVA increased by 0.001 with both GHT and Tg. Investigation of the visions for keratoconus patients. Our study might have potential reference value for future technological promotion.
Patterns of Uveitis in Children According to Age: Comparison of Visual Outcomes and Complications
Authors: Al-Haddad Christiane , BouGhannam Alaa , Fattah Maamoun Abdul , Tamim Hani , Houry Rana , Hammam Rola
Published: December 2018

Background: Uveitis in the pediatric population is uncommon, accounting for 2 to 14% of all uveitis cases, yet resulting in significant ocular morbidity. A number of studies have focused on patterns and complications of uveitis in the pediatric age group (≤ 16 years). In this report, we studied children with uveitis syndromes focusing on demographics, anatomic distribution, etiologies, treatment, and complications. We additionally divided subjects into two age groups to look into any differential characteristics pertaining to the younger age group and the role of amblyopia as a cause of visual loss.
Methods: Retrospective chart review of 80 eyes of 49 uveitis patients aged ≤16years. Subjects were categorized by age of onset into visually immature (≤8 years) and visually mature group (>8 years). Data compared between the two age groups included demographics, disease characteristics, visual outcomes and complications.
Results: Idiopathic uveitis was the most common diagnosis (51%). Anterior uveitis complications (posterior synechiae and band keratopathy) were more common in the younger group (p=0.002 and p=0.03 respectively) while posterior uveitis manifestations (vitreous haze and vasculitis) were more common in the older age group (p=0.04 and p<0.001 respectively). Amblyopia was the most common cause of vision loss in the visually immature versus cataract in the visually mature.
Conclusion: Anterior uveitis and its complications were more common in visually immature group in our cohort. Amblyopia was identified as the main cause of visual loss in the younger population.
Outcome prediction in disorders of consciousness: the role of coma recovery scale revised
Authors: Lucca Lucia Francesca , Lofaro Danilo , Pignolo Loris , Leto Elio , Ursino Maria , Cortese Maria Daniela , Conforti Domenico , Tonin Paolo , Cerasa Antonio
Published: December 2018

Background: To evaluate the utility of the revised coma remission scale (CRS-r), together with other clinical variables, in predicting emergence from a disorder of consciousness (DoC) after intensive rehabilitation care.
Method: This is a prospective observational cohort study of consecutive 180 brain-injured patients with prolonged DoC upon admission to neurorehabilitation unit. 123 patients in a vegetative state (VS) and 57 in a minimally conscious state (MCS) were included and followed for a period of 8 weeks in the intensive care unit (ICU). Demographical and clinical factors were used as outcome measures. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were employed for examining potential predictors for clinical outcome along the time.
Results: VS and MCS groups were matched for demographical and clinical (i.e., aetiology, tracheostomy and feed administration) variables. Within 2 months after admission in intensive neurorehabilitation unit, 3.9% were dead, 35.5% had a full recovery of consciousness and 111 66.7% remained in VS or MCS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the best predictor of functional improvement were the CRS-r scores. In particular, patients with values greater than 12 at admission were those with favorable likelihood of emergence from DoC.
Conclusions: Our study highlights the role of the CRS-r scores for predicting short-term favorable outcome.
A novel mutation in N-terminal actin-binding domain of DMD presenting recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis: a case report
Authors: Lee Jong-Mok
Published: December 2018

Background: Rhabdomyolysis associated with inherited conditions refers to recurrent episodes evoked by minimal exercise, history of malignant hyperthermia, familial history, or hyperCKemia between attacks.
Case presentation: We report a 17-year-old male presented recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria and hyperCKemia between attacks mimicking metabolic myopathies. The immunoreactivity to C-terminal of dystrophin from the muscle biopsy was absent. Genetic analysis revealed a novel hemizygous DMD c.119T>A (p.Leu40His) nonsense mutation in the N-terminal actin-binding domain. In-silico test for the structure of dystrophin predicted to destabilize interaction in the vicinity by losing hydrophobicity at residue 40.
Conclusion: Muscular dystrophies including dystrophinopathies should not be overlooked in the case with recurrent rhabdomyolysis.
Keywords: Dystrophinopathy; actin-binding domain; novel mutation; rhabdomyolysis; metabolic myopathy; in-silico analysis
The safety and efficiency of intravenous administration of tranexamic acid in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): A meta-analysis of 28 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Yanting , Bai Yun , Chen Minmin , Zhou Youfa , Yu Xin , Zhou Haiyan , Chen Gang
Published: December 2018

Background：The safety and efficiency of intravenous administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains unconfirmed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis on this topic.
Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PUBMED and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials on the topic. The results of this work are synthetized and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement.
Results：28 studies met our inclusion criteria. TXA reduced the incidence of postoperative reoperation of bleeding (relative risk [RR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.31-0.68), the frequency of any allogeneic transfusion (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52-0.78) and the postoperative chest tube drainage in the first 24 hours by 206 ml (95% CI -248.23 to -164.15). TXA did not significantly affect the incidence of postoperative cerebrovascular accident (RR, 0.93; 95%CI, 0.62-1.39), mortality (RR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.53–1.28), myocardial infarction (RR, 0.90; 95%CI, 0.78–1.05), acute renal insufficiency (RR, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.77–1.32). However, it may increase the incidence of postoperative seizures (RR, 6.67; 95%CI, 1.77–25.20). Moreover, the subgroup analyses in the settings of on-pump and off-pump CABG and the sensitivity analyses in trials randomized not less than 100 participants or with the maximum sample size study excluded further strengthened the above results.
Conclusions: TXA is effective to reduce reoperation for bleeding, blood loss and the need for allogeneic blood products in patients undergoing CABG without increasing prothrombotic complication. However, it may increase the risk of postoperative seizures.
Key words: Coronary Artery Bypass, Postoperative Complications, Tranexamic Acid
Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Stoichiometric Response to Hydrologic Extremes in a Tributary to Lake Erie, USA
Authors: Smith D. R. , Jarvie H. P.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

C/N/P stoichiometry at the 5th and 95th percentile of discharge was compared.

Extreme low‐flow stoichiometry was N or P limited relative to other nutrients.

Extreme high‐flow N contributions from tile push stoichiometry toward the Redfield ratio.

Wastewater outflow pushes third‐order stream to the Redfield ratio for low and high flow.

Anthropogenic activities are a major cause of water quality impairment. We evaluated how hydrologic extremes (5th and 95th percentile of flow) affect carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in a tile‐drained agricultural tributary to Lake Erie. Water samples collected (2003–2009) from three sites along one agricultural drainage ditch and its receiving third‐order stream were analyzed for C, N, and P. The C/N/P concentrations were transformed to compare against the Redfield ratio (106:16:1 C/N/P), ideal for algal proliferation. Nitrogen was depleted relative to C and P at two sites on the agricultural ditch during extreme low‐flow conditions, whereas P was depleted to C and N at the third. Tile drainage N and P losses during high flows shifted stoichiometry toward the Redfield ratio. Stoichiometry in the third‐order stream was near the Redfield ratio at both hydrologic extremes, likely from wastewater treatment plant effluent.