bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Service evaluation of an embedded Early Intervention in Psychosis programme
Authors: Connolly Paula , Carey Cornelia , Staunton John , Harney Bridget , Chambers Liah , Clarke Ana-Maria , McLaughlin Patrick , Kerins Kathy , Kearney Katrina , Whitty Peter
Published: February 2024

Background:

An average of 1300 adults develop First Episode Psychosis (FEP) in Ireland each year. Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) is now widely accepted as best practice in the treatment of conditions such as schizophrenia. A local EIP programme was established in the Dublin South Central Mental Health Service in 2012.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study of service users presenting to the Dublin South Central Mental Health Service with FEP from 2016 to 2022 following the introduction of the EIP programme. We compared this to a previously published retrospective study of treatment as usual from 2002 to 2012.

Results:

Most service users in this study were male, single, unemployed and living with their partner or spouse across both time periods. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for psychosis was provided to 12% (n = 8) of service users pre-EIP as compared to 52% (n = 30) post-programme introduction (p < 0.001), and 3% (n = 2) of service users engaged with behavioural family therapy pre-EIP as opposed to 15% (n = 9) after (p < 0.01). Rates of composite baseline physical healthcare monitoring improved significantly (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Exclusive allocation of multidisciplinary team staff to EIP leads to improved compliance with recommended guidelines, particularly CBT-p, formal family therapy and physical health monitoring.
Transnational Echoes of Spenceanism: A Text-Mining Exploration in English-Language Newspapers (1790–1850)
Authors: Cazzola Matilde , Küsters Anselm
Published: February 2024

By tracing mentions of the English radical thinker Thomas Spence (1750–1814), his revolutionary “Plan”, and his disciples (the “Spencean Philanthropists”) in digitized collections of English-language Irish, Caribbean, Indian, Australian, Canadian, and US-American newspapers in the 1790s–1840s, this article explores the dissemination of the ideas and militancy inspired by Spence (“Spenceanism”) across the British Empire and the United States. By applying Digital Humanities methods to investigate British radical history from a transnational perspective, the global reception of Spenceanism is reconstructed by examining and comparing a corpus of 275 newspaper articles through text-mining methods such as keyword analysis, co-occurrences, and sentiment analysis. These methods enable the identification of key themes in references to Spenceanism and advance hypotheses concerning both their geographical and chronological distribution: not only when and where Spence and the Spenceans were alluded to and commented upon, but also how a newspaper's geographical location may have impacted its rhetoric in a specific year and historical context. By combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, this article contributes new insights regarding the global circulation of radical ideas across the nineteenth-century English-reading world.
Affective and sensory–motor norms for idioms by L1 and L2 English speakers
Authors: Morid Mahsa , Sabourin Laura
Published: February 2024

In the present study, we developed affective (valence and arousal) and sensory–motor (concreteness and imageability) norms for 210 English idioms rated by native English speakers (L1) and English second-language speakers (L2). Based on internal consistency analyses, the ratings were found to be highly reliable. Furthermore, we explored various relations within the collected measures (valence, arousal, concreteness, and imageability) and between these measures and some available psycholinguistic norms (familiarity, literal plausibility, and decomposability) for the same set of idioms. The primary findings were that (i) valence and arousal showed the typical U-shape relation, for both L1 and L2 data; (ii) idioms with more negative valence were rated as more arousing; (iii) the majority of idioms were rated as either positive or negative with only 4 being rated as neutral; (iv) familiarity correlated positively with valence and arousal; (v) concreteness and imageability showed a strong positive correlation; and (vi) the ratings of L1 and L2 speakers significantly differed for arousal and concreteness, but not for valence and imageability. We discuss our interpretation of these observations with reference to the literature on figurative language processing (both single words and idioms).
Constitutional Liberties and Cyberspace: Analysing the Anuradha Bhasin v Union of India Case and its Impact on Fundamental Rights
Authors: Juyal Rebant
Published: February 2024

The right to free speech and expression is a fundamental right guaranteed under Article 19 (1) (a) of part III of the Indian constitution. The fundamental rights act as the constitutional restraints over the state's authority to intervene within the protective gamut of civil liberties of the people. However, the Indian judiciary remains the principal enforcer of the constitutional liberties guaranteed as fundamental rights whenever breached by the state. As the interpreters of the constitution and guardians of civil liberties, the Indian constitutional courts have consistently acted to protect people from state-authorised interventions in their respective domains of fundamental rights. To this concept, this research article by Rebant Juyal attempts to study the landmark judgment of the Indian Supreme Court in the case of Anuradha Bhasin v Union of India, where the court upheld the fundamental right of people to express their speech and expression on the internet.
Transgenderism, Othering and Third Way Buddhist Monasticism in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Authors: Kidpromma Amnuaypond , Taylor James L.
Published: February 2024

Religion and trans studies are a relatively new domain of study, one which surrounds subjects gendered and sexed as (religiously) “Other,” and in the articulation of such voices in a public space. In this paper we employ a case study of a transgendered monastic teacher named Khun Mae Tritrinn in northern Thailand to highlight a case of gendered religious “Othering,” and the construction of the third-way religiosity in the context of traditional hetero-patriarchal Buddhist monasticism. We refer to this thematic domain in the context of an emergent third-way religiosity; theorising in an experiential knowing of transgender subjects, which emerges from their trans-other lives. In the case study we show by resisting the gender binary of Buddhist monasticism how a particular transgendered person seeks a third-way monastic alternative; how she established her own hermitage and religious community, and manages the relationship between discourse and institutions that act upon and through her. The ethnographic focus sheds light on historical moments and voices that have been referred to elsewhere as forms of “subjugated knowledge” (Foucault 1980; Hartman 2000). However, despite being subject to religious Othering, recent trans-other identities have gained an increasingly de-subjugated and respected third-space alternative; an intelligibility and opening beyond a heteronormative binarism. It is argued that religious “thirding” creates a turning point for those seeking alternative spiritual bases, and as a salvific epistemology in an engaged religiosity and praxis.
Electrical Properties of Vertical Dominant Charge Structures Observed in Corsican Thunderstorms With a LMA
Authors: Houel Ronan , Defer Eric , Lambert Dominique , Prieur Serge , Pédeboy Stéphane
Published: February 2024

Lightning characteristics of Corsican storms with different charge structures are investigated in this study. Observations of an LMA network are used to document the total lightning activity. Complementary lightning observations of the lightning detection network Météorage are also used. A clustering algorithm is used to build a database of electrical cells from June to October 2018. A method is also applied to infer the vertical charge structure, as dominant dipoles, per 10‐min period for each electrical cell. As an example, one cell recorded in July 2018 is discussed. The cell database is then presented as well as the main electrical properties according to the dominant charge structures. For instance, the higher in altitude the dominant dipole, the higher the flash rate. Overall, dominant negative dipole are observed for 25% of the 10‐min periods and can be separated into two categories: (a) low altitude negative dipole class dominated by negative cloud‐to‐ground (CG) flashes with a main positive layer located between 2 and 4 km height and (b) high altitude negative dipole class, dominated by negative intracloud (IC) with a main positive layer at 5 km height. Dominant positive dipole can also be separated into two categories with (a) a dominant positive dipole located between 4.5 and 10 km high, −CG dominance, weak flash rate and (b) higher altitude dominant positive dipole, +IC dominance and a larger +CG fraction. The synergistic use of LMA and Météorage observations independently gives a rational type and polarity classification with regard to the vertical charge structure.
Understanding Links Between Water Scarcity and Violent Conflicts in the Sahel and Lake Chad Basin Using the Water Footprint Concept
Authors: Nkiaka Elias , Bryant Robert G. , Kom Zongho
Published: February 2024

Whilst there are several empirical studies linking water scarcity and violent conflicts, existing quantitative studies use mostly climate and environmental variables even though such variables have been shown to not be strong predictors of water conflicts by some studies. The aim of this study was to use the water footprint concept and the Falkenmark index to identify water scarcity hotspots at the sub‐national scale and to understand the links between water scarcity and violent conflicts in the Sahel and Lake Chad Basin over a period of two decades (2000–2021). We achieve this by developing five water scarcity metrics at a monthly timescale using runoff, soil moisture, potential evapotranspiration, water consumption and demographic data. The developed metrics show high levels of water scarcity across the study area during the dry, pre‐monsoon and post‐monsoon seasons. Analyses further reveal high green water scarcity (GWS) (soil moisture deficit) and low Falkenmark index scores (water stress) during the dry, pre‐monsoon and post‐monsoon seasons, across all reported water conflict locations. This suggest that there is an indirect link between GWS, the Falkenmark index scores and water conflicts. Results from this study may be used to enhance water management, mitigate, and prevent water conflicts in the study area and likewise the methodology adopted may be used to address water scarcity and conflicts in other regions.
Artificial Space Weathering to Mimic Solar Wind Enhances the Toxicity of Lunar Dust Simulants in Human Lung Cells
Authors: Chang J. H. M. , Xue Z. , Bauer J. , Wehle B. , Hendrix D. A. , Catalano T. , Hurowitz J. A. , Nekvasil H. , Demple B.
Published: February 2024

During NASA's Apollo missions, inhalation of dust particles from lunar regolith was identified as a potential occupational hazard for astronauts. These fine particles adhered tightly to spacesuits and were unavoidably brought into the living areas of the spacecraft. Apollo astronauts reported that exposure to the dust caused intense respiratory and ocular irritation. This problem is a potential challenge for the Artemis Program, which aims to return humans to the Moon for extended stays in this decade. Since lunar dust is “weathered” by space radiation, solar wind, and the incessant bombardment of micrometeorites, we investigated whether treatment of lunar regolith simulants to mimic space weathering enhanced their toxicity. Two such simulants were employed in this research, Lunar Mare Simulant‐1 (LMS‐1), and Lunar Highlands Simulant‐1 (LHS‐1), which were added to cultures of human lung epithelial cells (A549) to simulate lung exposure to the dusts. In addition to pulverization, previously shown to increase dust toxicity sharply, the simulants were exposed to hydrogen gas at high temperature as a proxy for solar wind exposure. This treatment further increased the toxicity of both simulants, as measured by the disruption of mitochondrial function, and damage to DNA both in mitochondria and in the nucleus. By testing the effects of supplementing the cells with an antioxidant (N‐acetylcysteine), we showed that a substantial component of this toxicity arises from free radicals. It remains to be determined to what extent the radicals arise from the dust itself, as opposed to their active generation by inflammatory processes in the treated cells.
The Green's Function Model Intercomparison Project (GFMIP) Protocol
Authors: Bloch‐Johnson Jonah , Rugenstein Maria A. A. , Alessi Marc J. , Proistosescu Cristian , Zhao Ming , Zhang Bosong , Williams Andrew I. L. , Gregory Jonathan M. , Cole Jason , Dong Yue , Duffy Margaret L. , Kang Sarah M. , Zhou Chen
Published: February 2024

The atmospheric Green's function method is a technique for modeling the response of the atmosphere to changes in the spatial field of surface temperature. While early studies applied this method to changes in atmospheric circulation, it has also become an important tool to understand changes in radiative feedbacks due to evolving patterns of warming, a phenomenon called the “pattern effect.” To better study this method, this paper presents a protocol for creating atmospheric Green's functions to serve as the basis for a model intercomparison project, GFMIP. The protocol has been developed using a series of sensitivity tests performed with the HadAM3 atmosphere‐only general circulation model, along with existing and new simulations from other models. Our preliminary results have uncovered nonlinearities in the response of the atmosphere to surface temperature changes, including an asymmetrical response to warming versus cooling patch perturbations, and a change in the dependence of the response on the magnitude and size of the patches. These nonlinearities suggest that the pattern effect may depend on the heterogeneity of warming as well as its location. These experiments have also revealed tradeoffs in experimental design between patch size, perturbation strength, and the length of control and patch simulations. The protocol chosen on the basis of these experiments balances scientific utility with the simulation time and setup required by the Green's function approach. Running these simulations will further our understanding of many aspects of atmospheric response, from the pattern effect and radiative feedbacks to changes in circulation, cloudiness, and precipitation.
How Can We Improve the Seamless Representation of Climatological Statistics and Weather Toward Reliable Global K‐Scale Climate Simulations?
Authors: Takasuka Daisuke , Kodama Chihiro , Suematsu Tamaki , Ohno Tomoki , Yamada Yohei , Seiki Tatsuya , Yashiro Hisashi , Nakano Masuo , Miura Hiroaki , Noda Akira T. , Nasuno Tomoe , Miyakawa Tomoki , Masunaga Ryusuke
Published: February 2024

Toward the achievement of reliable global kilometer‐scale (k‐scale) climate simulations, we improve the Nonhydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) by focusing on moist physical processes. A goal of the model improvement is to establish a configuration that can simulate realistic fields seamlessly from the daily‐scale variability to the climatological statistics. Referring to the two representative configurations of the present NICAM, each of which has been used for climate‐scale and sub‐seasonal‐scale experiments, we try to find the appropriate partitioning of fast/local and slow/global‐scale circulations. In a series of sensitivity experiments at 14‐km horizontal resolution, we test (a) the tuning of terminal velocities of rain, snow, and cloud ice, (b) the implementation of turbulent diffusion by the Leonard term, and (c) enhanced vertical resolution. These tests yield reasonable convection triggering and convection‐induced tropospheric moistening, and result in better performance than in previous NICAM climate simulations. In the mean state, double Intertropical Convergence Zone bias disappears, and the zonal contrast of equatorial precipitation, top‐of‐atmosphere radiation balance, vertical temperature profile, and position/strength of subtropical jet are reproduced dramatically better. Variability such as equatorial waves and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is spontaneously realized with appropriate spectral power balance, and the Asian summer monsoon, boreal‐summer MJO, and tropical cyclone (TC) activities are more realistically simulated especially around the western Pacific. Meanwhile, biases still exist in the representation of low‐cloud fraction, TC intensity, and precipitation diurnal cycle, suggesting that both higher spatial resolutions and further model development are warranted.
An advanced 3D lymphatic system for assaying human cutaneous lymphangiogenesis in a microfluidic platform
Authors: Kim Minseop , Choi Sieun , Choi Dong-Hee , Ahn Jinchul , Lee Dain , Song Euijeong , Kim Hyun Soo , Kim Mijin , Choi Sowoong , Oh Soojung , Kim Minsuh , Chung Seok , Park Phil June
Published: February 2024

The human cutaneous lymphatic system strictly controls lymphatic functions by coordinating with skin cells. The lymphatic system plays important roles in removing cell waste, residual proteins, various antigens, and immune cells from tissues to maintain homeostasis and activate the immune system through the drainage of interstitial fluid1,2. The skin protects our body from external stimuli such as pathogens through the cutaneous lymphatic system3,4. Herein, to develop an in vitro human cutaneous lymphatic model, we present two 3D microfluidic platforms: a lymphangiogenesis model with a precollecting lymphatic vessel-like structure and an advanced lymphangiogenesis model with a functional cutaneous barrier and a precollecting lymphatic vessel-like structure. In addition, we rapidly analyzed prolymphangiogenic effects using methods that incorporate a high-speed image processing system and a deep learning-based vascular network analysis algorithm by 12 indices. Using these platforms, we evaluated the pro-lymphangiogenic effect of Lymphanax, a natural product derived from fresh ginseng. As a result, we demonstrated that Lymphanax induces robust lymphangiogenesis without any structural abnormalities. In conclusion, we suggest that these innovative platforms are useful for studying the interaction between the skin and lymphatic system as well as evaluating the prolymphangiogenic effects of drugs and cosmetics.
Unlocking Li superionic conductivity in face-centred cubic oxides via face-sharing configurations
Authors: Chen Yu , Lun Zhengyan , Zhao Xinye , Koirala Krishna Prasad , Li Linze , Sun Yingzhi , O’Keefe Christopher A. , Yang Xiaochen , Cai Zijian , Wang Chongmin , Ji Huiwen , Grey Clare P. , Ouyang Bin , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: February 2024

Oxides with a face-centred cubic (fcc) anion sublattice are generally not considered as solid-state electrolytes as the structural framework is thought to be unfavourable for lithium (Li) superionic conduction. Here we demonstrate Li superionic conductivity in fcc-type oxides in which face-sharing Li configurations have been created through cation over-stoichiometry in rocksalt-type lattices via excess Li. We find that the face-sharing Li configurations create a novel spinel with unconventional stoichiometry and raise the energy of Li, thereby promoting fast Li-ion conduction. The over-stoichiometric Li–In–Sn–O compound exhibits a total Li superionic conductivity of 3.38 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature with a low migration barrier of 255 meV. Our work unlocks the potential of designing Li superionic conductors in a prototypical structural framework with vast chemical flexibility, providing fertile ground for discovering new solid-state electrolytes.
High-throughput reprogramming of an NRPS condensation domain
Authors: Folger Ines B. , Frota Natália F. , Pistofidis Angelos , Niquille David L. , Hansen Douglas A. , Schmeing T. Martin , Hilvert Donald
Published: February 2024

Engineered biosynthetic assembly lines could revolutionize the sustainable production of bioactive natural product analogs. Although yeast display is a proven, powerful tool for altering the substrate specificity of gatekeeper adenylation domains in nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), comparable strategies for other components of these megaenzymes have not been described. Here we report a high-throughput approach for engineering condensation (C) domains responsible for peptide elongation. We show that a 120-kDa NRPS module, displayed in functional form on yeast, can productively interact with an upstream module, provided in solution, to produce amide products tethered to the yeast surface. Using this system to screen a large C-domain library, we reprogrammed a surfactin synthetase module to accept a fatty acid donor, increasing catalytic efficiency for this noncanonical substrate >40-fold. Because C domains can function as selectivity filters in NRPSs, this methodology should facilitate the precision engineering of these molecular assembly lines.
Synergistic effect of nitrate exposure and heatwaves on the growth, and metabolic activity of microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
Authors: Akter Sabiha , AbdElgawad Hamada , Beemster Gerrit T. S. , De Boeck Gudrun , Schoelynck Jonas
Published: February 2024

Aquatic biota are threatened by climate warming as well as other anthropogenic stressors such as eutrophication by phosphates and nitrate. However, it remains unclear how nitrate exposure can alter the resilience of microalgae to climate warming, particularly heatwaves. To get a better understanding of these processes, we investigated the effect of elevated temperature and nitrate pollution on growth, metabolites (sugar and protein), oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation), and antioxidant accumulation (polyphenols, proline) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The experiment involved a 3 × 3 factorial design, where microalgae were exposed to one of three nitrate levels (5, 50, or 200 mg L−1 NO3−l) at 20 °C for 2 weeks. Subsequently, two heatwave scenarios were imposed: a short and moderate heatwave at 24 °C for 2 weeks, and a long and intense heatwave with an additional 2 weeks at 26 °C. A positive synergistic effect of heatwaves and nitrate on growth and metabolites was observed, but this also led to increased oxidative stress. In the short and moderate heatwave, oxidative damage was controlled by increased antioxidant levels. The high growth, metabolites, and antioxidants combined with low oxidative stress during the short and moderate heatwaves in moderate nitrate (50 mg L−1) led to a sustainable increased food availability to grazers. On the other hand, long and intense heatwaves in high nitrate conditions caused unsustainable growth due to increased oxidative stress and relatively low antioxidant (proline) levels, increasing the risk for massive algal die-offs.
Horizontal metaproteomics and CAZymes analysis of lignocellulolytic microbial consortia selectively enriched from cow rumen and termite gut
Authors: Auer Emeline , Lazuka Adèle , Huguenin-Bizot Bertrand , Jehmlich Nico , Déjean Sébastien , Lombard Vincent , Henrissat Bernard , O’Donohue Michael , Hernandez-Raquet Guillermina
Published: February 2024

Selectively enriched microbial consortia are potentially useful for the conversion of lignocellulose (LC) into biofuels and commodity chemicals. Consortia are also of interest to elucidate the roles of individual microorganisms and the dynamics of enzymes involved in LC deconstruction. Using metaproteomics, 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and multivariate discriminant analysis, we revealed the temporal dynamics of microbial species and their proteins during anaerobic conversion of LC by microbial consortia derived from cow rumen (RWS) and termite gut (TWS) microbiomes. Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidota), Firmicutes (Bacillota) and Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadota) phyla were dominant, irrespective the inoculum origin, displaying functional complementarities. We identified a large variety of carbohydrate-active enzymes, distributed in 94 CAZy families, involved in biomass deconstruction. Additionally, proteins involved in short chain fatty acids biosynthesis were detected. Multivariate analysis clearly differentiates RWS and TWS metaproteomes, with differences originating in the initial inoculates. Further supervised discriminant analysis of the temporal succession of CAZymes revealed that both consortia consume easily accessible oligosaccharides during the early stage of incubation, degrading more complex hemicellulose and cellulose fractions at later stages, an action that pursues throughout the incubation period. Our results provide new insights regarding the functional roles and complementarities existing in lignocellulolytic consortia and highlight their potential for biorefinery applications.
MXene-based Separation Membranes for Water Purification and Desalination
Authors: Ali Akbar , Memon Ayaz Ali , Yang Jun , Akhtar Javeed , Thebo Khalid Hussain
Published: February 2024

Laminates based on novel two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, such as transition metal carbides (MXenes), graphene, metal nitrides, graphene oxide, metal–organic frameworks, covalent frameworks, etc., exhibit exceptional properties for water desalination and purification applications. Of these materials, MXene has had a significant impact on membrane technology due to its exceptional qualities, which include great mechanical strength, excellent chemical resistance, large surface area, high temperature stability, hydrophilic surface, ease of modification, and surface functionalization. In this chapter, we focus on novel 2D MXene-based nanomaterials. The architecture, characteristics, fabrication processes, and possible uses in membrane technology of the materials will be the main points of discussion. Finally, we will highlight how MXene membranes are used in desalination and water filtration. These results will serve as a road map for the development of this new technology.
Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for Water Purification
Authors: Rahman Ateeq , Daniel Likius Shipwiisho , Uahengo Veikko
Published: February 2024

There is a growing worldwide concern for the development of wastewater treatment technologies. Industrial and domestic waste water are generated from anthropogenic activities, which are a threat to the environment and require remediation to overcome environmental damage, and thus reduce risks to human. Nanotechnology provides the ability to manipulate materials at the nanoscale with desirable properties. A wide variety of environmental clean-up technologies have been used in wastewater treatment, including applying iron oxide nanomaterials as nano sorbents for removal of pollutants from water. Iron oxide nanoparticles can be used as a coagulant to remove contaminants from water. Iron oxide nanoparticles have been studied due to their many advantages compared with other materials. The application of iron oxide nanomaterials has received much attention due to their exceptional properties, such as extremely small size, high surface area to volume ratio, surface modifiability, magnetic properties and great biocompatibility. Iron oxides consist of anion arrangements, usually hexagonal or cubic, in which the vacuoles are partially filled with divalent or trivalent iron, with predominantly octahedral (FeO6) and tetrahedral (i.e., Fe3O4) coordination arrangements observed. This chapter provides an overview of the preparation and characterization of iron-based nanoparticles (NPs), such as zerovalent iron nanoparticles from plant extracts that have been prepared for the efficient removal of a wide range of pollutants. The iron oxide nanoparticles are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential/thermogravimetric analysis, N2 adsorption–desorption, BET surface area, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The advancements and future perspectives of iron-based nanoparticles, the applications of iron oxide nanomaterials in wastewater treatment, and the drawbacks that limit their large-scale field application are highlighted.
Nature of ultrafast dynamics in the lowest-lying singlet excited state of [Ru(bpy)3]2+
Authors: Zeng Chenyu , Li Yaqi , Zheng Hangjing , Ren Mingxing , Wu Wei , Chen Zhenhua
Published: February 2024

This work presents mechanisms to rationalize the nature of ultrafast photochemical and photophysical processes on the first singlet metal–ligand charge transfer state (1MLCT1) of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complex.
Speeding it up: dual effects of biostimulants and iron on the biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) at mesophilic conditions
Authors: Mayekar Pooja C. , Auras Rafael
Published: February 2024

Biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in compost environment enriched with iron, and gelatin significantly enhanced microbial enzymatic activity, thus accelerating PLA degradation at mesophilic conditions (home/backyard composting setting).
Force renormalization for probes immersed in an active bath
Authors: Shea Jeanine , Jung Gerhard , Schmid Friederike
Published: February 2024

Modelling the dynamics of a passive particle suspended in an active fluid by a generalized Langevin description, we find that dynamical consistency not only requires renormalization of the effective temperature, but also of the effective force.
K3Mo2O5.6F3.4 and K3V2O3.3F5.7 – exploring transition metal cation valence and anion distribution in oxyfluorides
Authors: Zimmerhofer Fabian , Wolf Eric , Öcal Baris , Olthof Selina , Reimann Maximilian Kai , Pöttgen Rainer , Huppertz Hubert
Published: February 2024

The effect of the transition metal cation oxidation state and anion distribution on the formation of oxyfluorides is studied in detail using two complex representatives, K3Mo2O5.6F3.4 and K3V2O3.3F5.7, as examples.
Evaluation of energy efficiency and renewable energy utilization in the road transportation sector of indonesia to reduce emissions in accordance with national contribution target
Authors: Aryani Ersa Shasqia , Haqiqie Fauzan Aditya , Finnegan Aggripin Lamaz
Published: February 2024

The transportation sector in Indonesia is one of the largest contributors to GHG emissions after the energy sector, which holds 28.4% of total GHG. Based on data from 2019, the road transportation sector contributes for 70-80% of the emissions. The implementation of energy efficiency and the utilisation of renewable energy (RE) in the road transportation sector play a crucial role in reducing GHG emissions and achieving national climate change contribution targets. These policies are outlined in the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Decree (KEPMENHUB RI) No. KM 8 of 2023, which sets out concrete steps to be taken. Despite this policy, decarbonizing the road transport sector requires restructuring the way people move. The transformation should engage in four areas such as activity reduction, modal choice and supporting infrastructure, energy intensity, and fuel carbon intensity, which only can be successful by changing the human behaviour on consumption and intensify innovation and technology development. Carbon pricing can be the alternative to power this shifting. Theoretically, carbon pricing provides economic incentives for transport manufacturers and consumers to adopt mitigation measures. This research aims to analyse the effectiveness of KEPMENHUB RI No. KM 8 of 2023 in reducing road transport emission and identifying the potential complimentary policy such as carbon pricing scheme in transportation. The research methodology includes literature review, analysis of policy implementation data, and GHG emissions assessment model of each regulatory and policy implementation scenario. During the analysis process, the mitigation action policies in KEPMENHUB RI No. KM 8 of 2023 are categorised according to the Avoid, Shift, Improve (ASI) framework. Policy, emission, environment, and market factors are applied to the GHG emissions assessment model. Final results highlight the extent of realisation, level of effectiveness, and the ease of implementation for each scenario.
Hybrid O3/UV/Fe process using rebar flakes waste for removal of congo red dye in wastewater
Authors: Zahrandika Fathiya Allisa , Adityosulindro Sandyanto , Felia Syaza Nadya , Kusrestuwardhani
Published: February 2024

In Indonesia, textile is one of the labour-intensive industries that makes an important contribution to the national economy sectors. This industry tends to develop rapidly to meet domestic and export needs. This phenomenon increases wastewater generation from the textile industry. Textile wastewater contains dyes that are designed to be durable to resist sunlight and washing process. These properties pose a challenge to the treatment of dye wastewater. The complex structure of dye molecules is generally difficult to degrade by conventional biological processes, while the physical-chemical precipitation process will generate hazardous sludge. Therefore, alternative treatment processes for dye removal are urgently required. In this work, ozonation (O3), ozone and ultraviolet (O3/UV), and catalytic ozone coupling with ultraviolet (O3/UV/Fe) processes were tested for decolourisation of synthetic Congo red dye wastewater. Laboratory assays were carried out under various operating conditions: pH (3-7); ozonation mode (continuous, sequential); and catalyst dose (0.5-2 g/L). Ozonation in sequential mode and the utilisation of rebar flake waste from building construction project as iron catalyst presents a degree of novelty in this work. Congo red decolourisation up to 97% was achieved in less than one-hour of reaction by the continuous O3 process. Mineralisation in terms of COD reduction (50%) can be increased by either performing ozonation in sequential mode (79%) and coupling with UV irradiation (86%). Nevertheless, the effect of the iron catalyst was found to be negligible.
Identification of Electronic Waste (E-Waste) generation from the household and non-household sectors in Indonesia and its sustainable management system
Authors: Widyarsana I. Made Wahyu , Nurdiani Dinda Annisa
Published: February 2024

The rapid development of technology has spurred competition among electronics manufacturers to innovate. The resulting electronic waste (e-waste) has potential hazards due to its composition. The prediction of e-waste generation is carried out using the Delay Model method, modified by applying end-of-life (EoL) value to the lifespan to adjust Indonesian society’s treatment of e-waste. The calculations show that the prediction of hazardous material from Indonesia’s household sector will reach 16,653.73 tonnes in 2040, while the non-household sector comes to 25,391.72 tonnes in 2040. The most e-product produced from the household sector is TV with 3,763.74 tonnes, while the non-household sector is also dominated by TV with 23,380.52 tonnes in 2040. The composition of materials obtained from e-waste, in general, is 1% hazardous materials, 31% ferrous metal, then 27% glass and plastic materials, 6% non-ferrous metals, and 8% other materials. Thus, the total generation of e-waste will reach 4,204,545.43 tonnes, and the hazardous components in e-products only reach 42,045.45 tonnes or about 1% of the total e-product generation. In the future, it is necessary to integrate and formalize the handling of e-waste from the informal sector, which has been developing into the formal sector. This research is expected to be used as a reference by the government to make regulations, plans, and strategies related to hazardous waste management to prevent harm to the environment and human health.
Evaluation of formal waste reduction facility location compared to recyclable plastic waste generation in Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Agustina Elprida , Sembiring Emenda , Sakti Anjar Dimara
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to evaluate the location of formal waste reduction facilities in comparison to the distribution of recyclable plastic waste generation in Denpasar City, Bali Province, Indonesia. The distribution of recyclable plastic waste generation was carried out by conducting primary sampling from 200 houses, following the guidelines of SNI-19-3964-1994. Socioeconomic variables, including house size, population density, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and area classification, were obtained through interviews and the use of remote sensing data products. The distribution of recyclable plastic waste is modeled using the best of six machine learning models: LGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine), Linear Regression, Random Forest, and SVM (Support Vector Machine), XGBoost, and Adaboost. The LGBM model was selected with an R2 of 0.939 in the training dataset, an R2 of 0.954 in the testing dataset, and the lowest RMSE and MAE. The map of recyclable plastic waste generation distribution is created through a spatial analysis that consists of three classes with ranges of <248.5, >248.5 and <732.5, and >732.5 grams/household/week. The effectiveness of the coverage area and capacity through spatial analysis indicates that the waste reduction facilities in Denpasar City are 32% and 46%, respectively.
Microplastic pollution from active and inactive landfill in Indonesia: Case study in Leuwigajah and Sarimukti Landfill
Authors: Sembiring Emenda , Ramadan Attar Hikmahtiar
Published: February 2024

A landfill is the most common waste disposal in Indonesia, yet the implementation and operation of landfills are still far from optimal due to lack of funding and management failure. Moreover, landfill was operated as unmanaged open dumps. This situation could enhance the likelihood of plastics pollution through various transport of plastic waste from landfill sites, including microplastics release from leachate. This study was focused on the evidence of microplastic pollution originating from the landfill. Leachate sampling was conducted at two landfills, an inactive landfill called Leuwigajah Landfill, and an active landfill called Sarimukti Landfill. The characteristics of microplastics were analyzed through visual examination, particle density examination, and polymer investigation utilizing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). All three samples of active and inactive landfill leachate contains microplastic particles. The concentration ranges from 12.00 ± 5.29 to 56.33 ± 3.06 particles/liter. The most dominant polymers of plastic are Polypropylene (PP) and Polyester. Fiber shape is the highest percentage of founded microplastics. The results show the critical information of landfill likelihood as a source of microplastics.
Spatial patterns of PM2.5 air pollution in Jakarta: Insights from mobile monitoring
Authors: Ghaida Azka , Firdaus Fadhil Muhammad , Qatrunnada Khalisha Meliana , Peters Daniel , Cardenas Beatriz , Lestari Puji
Published: February 2024

A mobile air quality monitoring study in Jakarta was undertaken in 2022 by the Clean Air Catalyst consortium, in partnership with Google Earth Outreach and Aclima, taking air pollution measurements using four specially equipped Google Street View cars. This study aims to map street-level PM2.5 pollution in a set of neighborhoods (polygons) throughout Jakarta to evaluate the variability caused by local emission sources and to observe the exposure to air pollution in areas with different income levels. To address these aims, we monitored the concentration five days a week, 8 am to 5 pm, from September to December in eight polygons, stratified to include high and low-income areas. The cars covered a distance of 7,750 km and at least 22 visits per location. PM2.5 concentrations were measured at 1-second intervals using a light-scattering sensor. This high-resolution data collection allowed for detailed monitoring and analysis of concentrations in the study area. The measurements showed temporal variability consistent with meteorological and activity patterns in Jakarta, with higher measured concentrations in the morning compared to the afternoon at most polygons. Median concentrations varied by 2x - >5x within individual polygons, and this variability was particularly evident in the northern part of Jakarta, encompassing both high-income and low-income neighborhoods, where these areas are significantly affected by traffic and industrial activities. The results demonstrate the extent to which PM2.5 concentrations and exposures within Jakarta neighborhoods depend on proximity to local air pollution sources.
The major impact of coal mining service activities to GHG emissions: Case study at PT Bukit Makmur Mandiri Utama (BUMA) jobsite Binsua and Lati
Authors: Prabandani Diah , Herlyana Alifia , Pramayu Ajeng Puspitaning
Published: February 2024

Indonesia is ranked 9th as a country contributing 1.6% to total global emissions and is committed to reducing GHG emission targets unconditionally by 29% and conditionally by 41 % compared to the business as is a scenario of 834 Mt CO2e and 1,185 Mt CO2e, respectively, in 2030. Mining industry has been viewed as one of the largest contributors to GHG emission with a specific process that inevitably generates it. Mobile sources produce direct GHGs of CO2, CH4, and N2O. This study is intended to compare the results of the emission intensity and impact of coal mining production activities as the compounded GHG to discern which of them yields the enormous amount of emission. The method is concentrated only on scope 1 and Tier 2 as a direct responsibility of BUMA as a coal mining contractor. The total amount of fuel consumption GHG emissions was 512,193 tCO2e at Binsua and 742,006 tCO2e at Lati. The composition of the highest emission equipment at Binsua and Lati in 2020-2021 is dump trucks, loaders, and dozers. BUMA will continue to develop potential GHG roadmaps and focus on the performance of dump trucks and excavators, as they are responsible for more than 70% of scope 1 emissions.
Pesticide residue exposure effect on health, growth, and development among children from agricultural area
Authors: Deviyani  , Salami Indah R.S. , Oginawati Katharina
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, the exposure to pesticides has become a matter of public health concern. The primary and secondary take-home exposure of pesticides may influence the health of communities. Farmworkers’ families generally live close to agricultural areas, which may increase the risk of residential pesticide exposure. Pesticide exposure affects children more than adults. Environmental quality drives the shifting patterns of children’s major health problems, from infectious to chronic diseases. Children’s developing organs may be exposed to low-dose concentrations of environmentally disruptive pesticides such as organophosphates, organochlorines, carbamates, and pyrethroids. Several groups of pesticide metabolites induce and inhibit growth and development in children. Potential health problems such as chronic respiratory disease, asthma, and wheezing in children were more often reported from agricultural communities than children from rural areas. Children who were in contact with pesticides during both their prenatal development and childhood reported diminished cognitive scores. This can be attributable to the elevated levels of pesticides found in their urine, which have been extensively documented. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) metabolites as one of the organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) residues correlate with high KIM-1 levels in urine, significantly leading to chronic kidney disease. DNA damage may be A potential reported effect in children from agricultural communities. Thus, to ensure children’s health and development, it is necessary to strengthen the impact of pesticide studies on children.
Circular economy of barrier packaging produced in co-injection molding technology
Authors: Wieczorek Piotr , Sykutera Dariusz , Czyżewski Piotr
Published: February 2024

The paper presents the study of mechanical recycling of three-layer PP/EVOH/PP packaging containers made by the co-injection molding process. It is in alignment with European Circular Economy guidelines. The main objective was to evaluate the recyclability of these packages and their reuse as a secondary material. Thin wall packaging by special cutting and grinding methods were disintegrated, and recorded cutting force allowed the determination of energy per single cut. During these processes, delamination between PP and EVOH layers was observed. The recyclate r(PP/EVOH) was used to produce samples in the standard injection molding process. The similar samples were prepared from recycled virgin PP using the same technology. The paper presents the results of the mechanical properties of samples manufactured from recyclate r(PP/EVOH) and compares them with the properties of samples obtained from recycled polypropylene (rPP). It was observed, that the content EVOH in the PP matrix does not significantly affect the mechanical properties of r(PP/EVOH) samples. It was also found that r(PP/EVOH) blends are characterized by favorable apparent viscosity and MFI and can be a valuable raw material for reuse.
Properties of hydraulic system in diagnostic area – mini review
Authors: Aldubai Akram , Liégeard Augustin , Rawajba Mohammed , Can Ömer , Ata Umut , Wilczarska Joanna
Published: February 2024

Hydraulic systems can be found everywhere, transmitting very large forces very quickly. Like all systems, they wear out and suffer damage. It is therefore important to be able to diagnose the systems to know whether their behaviour is correct or not. This requires different tools, such as digital simulation and the implementation of procedures. Thanks to these, it is possible to know the theoretical behaviour of the system. Our brief study focuses on the implementation of procedures in order to be able to set up a whole battery of diagnostics.
Installation of the flight data recorder S2-3a on Su-22 and MiG-29 aircraft
Authors: Tomyślak Adam
Published: February 2024

The S2-3a flight data recording system developed at the Air Force Institute of Technology is intended for recording the flight parameters and the operating parameters of aircraft assemblies, as well as to store the recorded data in its memory to evaluate flight safety, piloting technique, technical condition of on-board system and air accident (air crash) causes. S2-3a flight data recording systems are operated on-board the: TS-11 ISKRA, PZL-130 TC-II ORLIK, M-28 BRYZA, MiG-29, and Su-22 aircraft, as well as the Mi-8, Mi-14, Mi-17, Mi-24, W-3 SOKÓŁ and SW-4 helicopters. The paper contains selected information on the instllation of the S2-3a recorder on Su-22 and MiG-29 aircraft AT the Military Aviation Works no. 2 S.A. In Bydgoszcz.
Analysis of procedures for assessing the technical condition of passenger car bodies after post-accident repairs
Authors: Liss Michał , Łukasiewicz Marcin , Dykha Aleksandr
Published: February 2024

The rapid development of the automotive industry is associated with a large number of motor vehicles on public roads. As the number of active road users increases, the probability of a road accident increases. As a result of a collision, cars have minor or major damage, often related to damage to the vehicle's body structure. The paper discusses issues related to the assessment of the quality of post-accident repairs and their impact on the technical condition of the post-accident vehicle in further operation.