bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectral-Element Simulations of Acoustic Waves Induced by a Moving Underwater Source
Authors: Lloyd S. F. , Jeong C. , Gharti H. N. , Vignola J. , Tromp J.
Published: August 2018

In this study, we model acoustic waves induced by moving acoustic sources in three-dimensional (3D) underwater settings based on a spectral-element method (SEM). Numerical experiments are conducted using the SEM software package SPECFEM3D_Cartesian, which facilitates fluid–solid coupling and absorbing boundary conditions. Examples presented in this paper include an unbounded fluid truncated by using absorbing boundaries, and a shallow-water waveguide modeled as a fluid–solid coupled system based on domain decomposition. In the numerical experiments, the SEM-computed pressures match their analytical counterparts. SEM solutions of pressures at points behind and ahead of modeled moving acoustic sources show a frequency shift, i.e., a Doppler effect, which matches the analytical solution. This paper contributes to the field of passive sonar-based detection of moving acoustic sources, and addresses the challenge of computing wave responses generated by side-scan sonar by using moving sources of continuous signals.
Uncertainty Quantification for Direct Aeroacoustic Simulations of Cavity Flows
Authors: Kuhn Thomas , Dürrwächter Jakob , Meyer Fabian , Beck Andrea , Rohde Christian , Munz Claus-Dieter
Published: August 2018

We investigate the influence of uncertain input parameters on the aeroacoustic feedback of cavity flows. The so-called Rossiter feedback requires a direct numerical computation of the acoustic noise, which solves hydrodynamics and acoustics simultaneously, in order to capture the interaction of acoustic waves and the hydrodynamics of the flow. Due to the large bandwidth of spatial and temporal scales, a high-order numerical scheme with low dissipation and dispersion error is necessary to preserve important small scale information. Therefore, the open-source CFD solver FLEXI, which is based on a high-order discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method, is used to perform the aforementioned direct simulations of an open cavity configuration with a laminar upstream boundary layer.

To analyze the precision of the deterministic cavity simulation with respect to random input parameters, we establish a framework for uncertainty quantification (UQ). In particular, a nonintrusive spectral projection method with Legendre and Hermite polynomial basis functions is employed in order to treat uniform and normal probability distributions of the random input. The results indicate a strong, nonlinear dependency of the acoustic feedback mechanism on the investigated uncertain input parameters. An analysis of the stochastic results offers new insights into the noise generation process of open cavity flows and reveals the strength of the implemented UQ framework.
Recent Progress and Emerging Topics on Weather and Climate Extremes Since the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Authors: Chen Yang , Moufouma-Okia Wilfran , Masson-Delmotte Valérie , Zhai Panmao , Pirani Anna
Published: August 2018

Weather and climate extremes impose serious impacts on natural and human systems. In its fifth assessment report (AR5) and a special report [Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX)], the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change provided a thorough assessment of observed and projected changes in extremes in a warming climate, with evidenced scientific gaps in the understanding of these responsive changes being reported. Reviewing post-AR5 literature, this article synthesizes recent advances regarding these previous gaps with respect to detection, attribution, and projection of extremes. We focus on constraints for the assessment confidence, overlooked types and characteristics of extremes, and changes in their thermodynamic-dynamic drivers. We also stress potential misinterpretations of existing results, propose an update of earlier key findings, and identify burgeoning topics.
Assessment of Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interactions in Humans: In Vivo Probe Substrates for Drug Metabolism and Drug Transport Revisited
Authors: Fuhr Uwe , Hsin Chih-hsuan , Li Xia , Jabrane Wafaâ , Sörgel Fritz
Published: August 2018

Pharmacokinetic parameters of selective probe substrates are used to quantify the activity of an individual pharmacokinetic process (PKP) and the effect of perpetrator drugs thereon in clinical drug–drug interaction (DDI) studies. For instance, oral caffeine is used to quantify hepatic CYP1A2 activity, and oral dagibatran etexilate for intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity. However, no probe substrate depends exclusively on the PKP it is meant to quantify. Lack of selectivity for a given enzyme/transporter and expression of the respective enzyme/transporter at several sites in the human body are the main challenges. Thus, a detailed understanding of the role of individual PKPs for the pharmacokinetics of any probe substrate is essential to allocate the effect of a perpetrator drug to a specific PKP; this is a prerequisite for reliably informed pharmacokinetic models that will allow for the quantitative prediction of perpetrator effects on therapeutic drugs, also in respective patient populations not included in DDI studies.
AT1a influences GABAA-mediated inhibition through regulation of KCC2 expression
Authors: Farmer George E. , Balapattabi Kirthikaa , Bachelor Martha E. , Little Joel T. , Cunningham J. Thomas
Published: August 2018

The median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) is an integrative site involved in body fluid homeostasis, cardiovascular control, thermoregulation, and sleep homeostasis. Angiotensin II (ANG II), a neuropeptide shown to have excitatory effects on MnPO neurons, is of particular interest with regard to its role in body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular control. The present study investigated the role of angiotensin type 1a (AT1a) receptor activation on neuronal excitability in the MnPO. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were infused with an adeno-associated virus with an shRNA against the AT1a receptor or a scrambled control. In vitro loose-patch voltage-clamp recordings of spontaneous action potential activity were made from labeled MnPO neurons in response to brief focal application of ANG II or the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol. Additionally, tissue punches from MnPO were taken to asses mRNA and protein expression. AT1a receptor knockdown neurons were insensitive to ANG II and showed a marked reduction in GABAA-mediated inhibition. The reduction in GABAA-mediated inhibition was not associated with reductions in mRNA or protein expression of GABAA β-subunits. Knockdown of the AT1a receptor was associated with a reduction in the potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2 mRNA as well as a reduction in pS940 KCC2 protein. The impaired GABAA-mediated inhibition in AT1a knockdown neurons was recovered by bath application of phospholipase C and protein kinase C activators. The following study indicates that AT1a receptor activation mediates the excitability of MnPO neurons, in part, through the regulation of KCC2. The regulation of KCC2 influences the intracellular [Cl−] and the subsequent efficacy of GABAA-mediated currents.
Macrophages and Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Frodermann Vanessa , Nahrendorf Matthias
Published: August 2018

Research during the last decade has generated numerous insights on the presence, phenotype, and function of myeloid cells in cardiovascular organs. Newer tools with improved detection sensitivities revealed sizable populations of tissue-resident macrophages in all major healthy tissues. The heart and blood vessels contain robust numbers of these cells; for instance, 8% of noncardiomyocytes in the heart are macrophages. This number and the cell’s phenotype change dramatically in disease conditions. While steady-state macrophages are mostly monocyte independent, macrophages residing in the inflamed vascular wall and the diseased heart derive from hematopoietic organs. In this review, we will highlight signals that regulate macrophage supply and function, imaging applications that can detect changes in cell numbers and phenotype, and opportunities to modulate cardiovascular inflammation by targeting macrophage biology. We strive to provide a systems-wide picture, i.e., to focus not only on cardiovascular organs but also on tissues involved in regulating cell supply and phenotype, as well as comorbidities that promote cardiovascular disease. We will summarize current developments at the intersection of immunology, detection technology, and cardiovascular health.
Management and Follow-up of Patients with a Bronchial Neuroendocrine Tumor in the Last Twenty Years in Ireland: Expected Inconsistencies and Unexpected Discoveries
Authors: Agasarova Asta , Harnett Clare , Mulligan Niall , Majeed Muhammad Shakeel , Caimo Alberto , Tamagno Gianluca
Published: August 2018

Bronchial neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are classified into well-differentiated typical carcinoids (TC), atypical carcinoids (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC), and small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC). We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, follow-up data, and outcomes of all patients diagnosed with a bronchial NET from 1995 to 2015 at our institution. Patients with LCNEC or SCLC were excluded due to the biological and clinical differences from the other bronchial NET. The clinical, laboratory, imaging, treatment, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed keeping in mind the recently published international recommendations. Forty-six patients were included in the study. Of these, 37 had a TC and 5 an AC. In 4 patients, the histological characterization was inadequate. Forty-four patients underwent surgery. Four patients developed metastatic disease. Interestingly, 14 patients had one or more other tumors diagnosed at some stage and 3 of them had three different tumors. A total of 7 patients died. The analysis of the laboratory and pathology assessment identified some inconsistencies when compared to the international recommendations. Although the treatment of bronchial NET at our institution was consistent with the successively published recommendations, it appears that the diagnostic process and the follow-up surveillance were not. We think that a systematic multidisciplinary approach might improve bronchial NET patient care. A relatively high rate of occurrence of a second, or also a third, non-NET tumor was observed, though the statistical value of such observation could not be exhaustively elucidated in this numerically limited patient population. In our opinion, the observed high rate of second malignancies in this patient cohort highlights the necessity of optimizing the follow-up of the bronchial NET patients, also considering the very good survival rate achieved with regard to the bronchial NET.
Optimal Allocation Method of Discrete Manufacturing Resources for Demand Coordination between Suppliers and Customers in a Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Xu Wei , Yu Yinyun
Published: August 2018

Discrete manufacturing products are often assembled from multiple parts through a series of discrete processes. How to effectively configure resources in a discrete manufacturing environment is an important research topic worthy of attention. Based on an in‐depth analysis of the discrete manufacturing operation model and the manufacturing resource allocation process, this paper fully considers the uncertainty factors of the manufacturing resource customers and the interests of the manufacturing resource suppliers and proposes a bilevel planning model under a fuzzy environment that comprehensively considers the customers’ expectation bias and the suppliers’ profit maximization. The method firstly uses a language phrase to collect the language evaluation of the customers and suppliers for manufacturing tasks and uses a trapezoidal fuzzy number to convert the language evaluation phrase into a value that can be calculated. Then, we use the prospect theory to optimize the constraint indicators based on the language evaluation of customers and suppliers. Next, the bilevel planning model for optimal configuration of manufacturing resources in discrete manufacturing environment is established under the consideration of the respective interests of both the customers and the suppliers, and the fast nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II) is used to solve the model. Finally, an example is given to verify the validity and feasibility of the model.
An Evaluation of HTML5 and WebGL for Medical Imaging Applications
Authors: Min Qiusha , Wang Zhifeng , Liu Neng
Published: August 2018

Despite the fact that a large number of web applications are used in the medical community, there are still certain technological challenges that need to be addressed, for example, browser plug-ins and efficient 3D visualization. These problems make it necessary for a specific browser plug-in to be preinstalled on the client side when launching applications. Otherwise, the applications fail to run due to the lack of the required software. This paper presents the latest techniques in hypertext markup language 5 (HTML5) and web graphics library (WebGL) for solving these problems and an evaluation of the suitability of the combination of HTML5 and WebGL for the development of web-based medical imaging applications. In this study, a comprehensive medical imaging application was developed using HTML5 and WebGL. This application connects to the medical image server, runs on a standard personal computer (PC), and is easily accessible via a standard web browser. The several functions required for radiological interpretation were implemented, for example, navigation, magnification, windowing, and fly-through. The HTML5-based medical imaging application was tested on major browsers and different operating systems over a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN). The experimental results revealed that this application successfully performed two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) functions on different PCs over the LAN and WAN. Moreover, it demonstrated an excellent performance for remote access users, especially over a short time period for 3D visualization and a real-time fly-through navigation. The results of the study demonstrate that HTML5 and WebGL combination is suitable for the development of medical imaging applications. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of these technologies are discussed in this paper.
Cluster-Based Device Mobility Management in Named Data Networking for Vehicular Networks
Authors: Gohar Moneeb , Khan Naveed , Ahmad Awais , Najam-Ul-Islam Muhammad , Sarwar Shahzad , Koh Seok-Joo
Published: August 2018

Named data networking (NDN) is an emerging technology. It was designed to eliminate the dependency of IP addresses in the hourglass model. Mobility is a key concern of the modern Internet architecture, even though the NDN architecture has solved the consumer mobility. That is, the consumer can rerequest the desired data contents, while the producer mobility remains as an issue in the NDN architecture. This paper focuses on the issue of producer mobility and proposes the cluster-based device mobility management scheme, which uses the cluster heads to solve the producer mobility issue in NDN. In the proposed scheme, a cluster head has all information of its attached devices. A cluster head updates the routes, when a device moves to the new access router by sending all the attachment information. The proposed scheme is evaluated and compared with the existing scheme by using the ndnSIM simulation. From the results, we see that the proposed scheme can decrease the numbers of interest packets in the network, compared with the existing scheme.
A Solution for Real-Time Ionospheric Delay Using an Adaptive Kalman Filter Based on Estimating the Variance Component
Authors: Yang Xu , Wang Qianxin , Chang Guobin
Published: August 2018

Real-time solution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) epoch-differenced ionospheric delay (DID) is of great significance for real-time cycle slip detection and repair of multi-GNSS dual-frequency or trifrequency undifferenced measurements under high ionospheric activity. We construct a dynamic model of DID and perform a real-time estimate of the noise level of DID based on estimating the variance component. The estimated and predicted values of DID are obtained by designing a new adaptive Kalman filter algorithm with colored noise. Combining the predicted value and the detection method for cycle slips for Melbourne-Wübbena (MW) and Geometry-Free (GF) combination and taking into account the correlation between the predicted value and the carrier signal, we estimate the cycle slip, N2, on the second frequency of the carrier signal. The prediction and estimate of DID and detection and repair of dual-frequency cycle slip of multisystem undifferenced phase observations are measured with the GNSS multisystem observational data at different sampling rates (30 s, 15 s, 10 s, and 1 s). The results show that the DID model constructed in this paper is correct. The predicted value of DID has a high accuracy, which can effectively assist in dual-frequency cycle slip detection and repair. (1) The obtained predicted values, the estimated value, and the difference value between the two values of DID are less than 1.2 cm (STD), 1.2 cm (STD), and 0.6 cm (STD), respectively; (2) the precisions of the detection of cycle slip for MW, GF, and N2 are less than 0.083 cycles (STD), 0.4 cm (STD), and 0.071 cycles (STD), respectively; (3) with the obtained predicted value of DID to aid the detection and repair of cycle slip in GNSS double-frequency signals, a success rate of 100% can be reached.
A Comparison between Piezoelectric Devices and Conventional Rotary Instruments in Bone Harvesting in Patients with Lip and Palate Cleft: A Retrospective Study with Clinical, Radiographical, and Histological Evaluation
Authors: Rullo R. , Piccirillo A. , Femiano F. , Nastri L. , Festa V. M.
Published: August 2018

Introduction. Orofacial clefts are congenital malformations characterized by an incomplete shaping of structures that separate the nasal from the oral cavity and can affect the right, left, or both sides. The aim of the present study is to assess, with clinical, radiographical, and histological evaluations, the efficacy of piezoelectric devices compared to traditional rotating instruments in the bone harvesting in patients with history of cleft.Materials and Methods. We have conducted a retrospective analysis on 20 patients with a history of orofacial clefts that were operated on from February 2014 to June 2017. The patients were divided into two groups: Group R in which bone graft was harvested using a burr and Group P in which the bone graft was obtained by a piezoelectric device. After a healing period of 8 months from the grafting procedure, clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed.Results and Discussion. The use of the piezoelectric devices in bone harvesting allows a slight improvement in the final volume. This supports a faster integration into the receiving site.Conclusions.The use of piezoelectric device in patients with history of orofacial cleft that needed bone graft represents a method to be taken into consideration because it has interesting advantages.
Multiple Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysms Surgically Treated with Bypass Grafting: A Challenging Rarity
Authors: Kostopanagiotou Kostas , Poulou Aikaterini , Chatzis Andrew , Khoury Mazen
Published: August 2018

Coronary artery aneurysms are encountered in daily cardiology practise but multiple giant-sized coronary artery aneurysms are extremely rare. We present an illustrative case of multiple giant aneurysms located throughout the coronary system (left main stem and all left, right, and circumflex branches) in a 57-year-old male with acute coronary syndrome. The case was managed successfully with on-pump quadruple coronary artery bypass grafting. To our knowledge, few cases of multiple giant aneurysms in all coronary vessels have been reported.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Sulfonated Copper-Triazine Complexes
Authors: Katugampala Supun , Perera Inoka C. , Nanayakkara Chandrika , Perera Theshini
Published: August 2018

Metallotriazine complexes possess interesting biological and medicinal properties, and the present study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of four novel copper-triazine derivatives in search of potent antibacterial and antifungal drug leads. In this study, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4,4′-disulfonic acid monosodium salt (L1, ferrozine) and 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-di(2-furyl)-1,2,4-triazine-5,5′-disulfonic acid disodium salt (L2, ferene) have been used as ligands to study the complexation towards copper(II). The synthesized complexes, [CuCl2(ferrozine)]·7H2O·MeOH (1), [CuCl2(ferrozine)2]·5H2O·MeOH (2), [CuCl2(ferene)]·H2O·MeOH (3), and [CuCl2(ferene)2]·H2O·MeOH (4), have been characterized spectroscopically, and preliminary bioassays have been carried out. FTIR spectroscopic data have shown that N=N and C=N stretching frequencies of complexes have been shifted towards lower frequencies in comparison with that of the ligands, confirming new bond formation between Cu and N, which in turn lowers the strength of N=N and C=N bonds. In addition, a bathochromic shift has been observed for UV-visible spectra of complexes (1), (2), (3), and (4). Furthermore, elemental analysis data have been useful to obtain empirical formulas of these complexes and to establish the purity of each complex. Complexes (1) and (2) have shown antibacterial activity for bothS. aureus(ATCC® 25923) andE. coli(ATCC® 25922) at 1 mg/disc concentration, and ferrozine has shown a larger inhibition zone against the clinical sample ofC. albicansat 1 mg/disc concentration in comparison with the positive control, fluconazole.
Influence of Diosmin Treatment on the Level of Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Authors: Feldo Marcin , Woźniak Michał , Wójciak-Kosior Magdalena , Sowa Ireneusz , Kot-Waśik Agata , Aszyk Justyna , Bogucki Jacek , Zubilewicz Tomasz , Bogucka-Kocka Anna
Published: August 2018

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many human disorders, while antioxidants prevent the development of various adverse symptoms. Diosmin is a natural flavonoid applied in vascular system disorders, especially in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), and it plays a significant part in the alleviation of CVI symptoms. Due to antioxidant activity, it also has the ability to scavenge the oxygen free radicals and hence decreases the level of oxidative stress biomarkers, such as prostaglandins and their precursors—isoprostanes. In the study, the influence of diosmin treatment on the level of isoprostanes in plasma samples of patients suffering from CVI was examined. The qualitative analysis was performed using high‐performance liquid chromatography with spectrometry detection (LC‐MS). The statistically significant decrease of isoprostane content after 3 months of treatment was observed within the studied group; however, the most significant changes were observed in patients who smoke.
Study on Hydration and Mechanical Property of Portland Cement‐Blended Recycled Plaster Materials
Authors: Li Zhixin , Xu Kaidong , Peng Jiahui , Wang Jina , Ma Xianwei , Niu Jishou
Published: August 2018

In this work, Portland cement‐ (OPC‐) blended recycled plaster materials (R‐CP) were prepared to find out their hydration and mechanical properties. It was found that the hydration of R‐CP was accelerated by the rapid rehydrated ettringite (AFt), and the strength of R‐CP was decreased by the reduced hemihydrate content and low strength of rehydrated AFt and CaCO3. On the contrary, consistent with the previous studies, the strength of OPC‐blended plaster of Paris materials (POCP) was improved by the formation of AFt, Ca(OH)2, and CaCO3 that filled pores in the pastes. Therefore, a different strength development could be seen in POCP and R‐CP. In principle, these findings will lay a solid ground work for the utilization of recycled plaster.
Drug Nanoparticle Stability Assessment Using Isothermal and Nonisothermal Approaches
Authors: Santamaría-Aguirre Javier , Alcocer-Vallejo Robert , López-Fanárraga Mónica
Published: August 2018

Many drugs are administered in the form of liquid-dispersed nanoparticles. Frequently, one of the overlooked aspects in the development of this drug delivery system is the loss of efficacy and the degradation of the carried drugs. Estimating the shelf life of drug products implies the storage of samples under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity for different periods, ranging from months to years, delaying decisions during development, manufacturing, and commercialization. Adapting well-known isothermal and nonisothermal methods to nanoparticles would allow correlating kinetic parameters obtained in a single mathematical model and predicting the shelf life faster than traditional methods. Unlike the traditional approaches, the isoconversional method (i) considers drug products as heterogeneous systems, without a unique kinetic order, (ii) establishes a maximum percentage of degradation, (iii) assumes the same kinetics for all processes regardless of the conditions, and (iv) includes the influence of humidity by a modification of Arrhenius equation. This method serves in calculating the kinetic parameters and shelf life derived from them, in a few weeks. In the same way, nonisothermal treatments allow obtaining these parameters by differential scanning calorimetry. Samples are subjected to different heating rates to establish the temperature at which the thermal decomposition event occurs and, thus, to calculate in a few days the activation energy and the preexponential factor using the Kissinger method. But this approach has limitations: the isoconversional method does not consider crystalline state of the sample, while nonisothermal method ignores the effect of the storage conditions. Processing nanoparticles for isothermal and nonisothermal treatments would allow accurate and fast prediction of the drug-loaded nanoparticle shelf life correlating parameters obtained using a single mathematical model. The accuracy of the prediction would be assessed by comparison of estimated shelf life versus data coming from traditional stability studies.
Numerical Aerodynamic Characteristics Analysis of the Close Formation Flight
Authors: Zhang Dong , Chen Yong , Dong Xinmin , Liu Zongcheng , Zhou Yang
Published: August 2018

The aerodynamic characteristics of the close formation flight are numerically analyzed to facilitate a greater understanding of the vortex effects between UAVs and technically support the application of close formation flight for UAVs. The aerodynamic characteristics of a single UAV are calculated, the results of which are used as the reference to the variation of aerodynamic values in the comparison with close formation flight. The vortex effects of the leading UAV on the aerodynamic characteristics of the trailing UAV in the two UAV close formation flight are analyzed. The position where the trailing UAV obtains the maximum lift-to-drag ratio is defined as the optimal position. Based on the optimal position, three different types of three UAV formations are designed to explore the preliminary application of the aerodynamic benefits in the close formation flight for multiple UAVs. It is observed that the incremental aerodynamic forces and moments of the trailing UAV vary with the lateral and vertical spacing between the two UAVs, and the trailing UAV can obtain significant aerodynamic improvement if positioned at optimal position behind the leading UAV while in close formation flight. It is also proved that the aerodynamic characteristics of the close formation for three UAVs can be improved when the formation is designed based on the optimal position, and this will increase the range and endurance of the UAVs in operational application.
Study on Fatigue Degradation Behavior of a Cracked Rotor Subjected to Lateral Vibration
Authors: Niu Qian , Yang Shi-xi
Published: August 2018

Fatigue crack in a rotary shaft is a common failure observed in rotor systems. Since vibration of the shaft causes alternating fatigue loads, the crack propagates slowly. Meanwhile, the propagating crack may cause nonlinear or unstable vibration of the rotor system. In fact, growth of the crack and vibration of the shaft are coupled with each other. Hence, it is necessary to study the fatigue degradation behavior of the cracked rotor accounting for this coupling effect. In this paper, a coupling model of rotor vibration and crack growth is established through dynamic theory and fracture mechanics, and a sequential iterative procedure is proposed to solve the coupling model. Then, the competing degradation failure mode of the cracked rotor is analyzed with regard to the rapid crack growth failure and the unstable vibration failure. And degradation measures are proposed based on the competing degradation failure criterion. At last, degradation behaviors with the coupling effect of nonlinear vibration behavior and multiple parameters including rotation speed, unbalance eccentricity and orientation angle, and damping are investigated by numerical simulation. The results indicate that nonlinear vibration behavior and multiple parameters have considerable influence on the degradation behaviors, which present complex regularity. The findings are of significance to guide the safety design of the rotor system for long time operation and help to the further research on prognostics and lifetime prediction.
Achyranthes bidentata Polysaccharide along with Anti-IL-5 Antibody Inhibits Allergic Lung Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness Mice Induced by House Dust Mites
Authors: Sun Jian , Sheng Shiwei , Zhao Gang
Published: August 2018

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease which has become prevalent worldwide. There are millions of new patients and thousands of people die from asthma. Asthma is characterized with infiltration by eosinophils in pulmonary parenchyma, high serum IgE, and cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 secreted by allergen-specific T helper cell-2 (Th2) cells. Products of eosinophils are considered as negative regulators that work on remodeling lung tissue, including airway thickening, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABPS) is a kind of polysaccharide extracted from the dry root of Achyranthes plant Achyranthes bidentata. ABPS is reported to have multiple biological functions and acts on the human immune system. ABPS can induce production of TNF-α in macrophage, enhance the killing ability of NK cells, and promote the proliferation of B cells. Besides this, ABPS is reported that can induce apoptosis of eosinophils by upregulating the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis. In this study, we constructed chronic allergic asthma mice model induced by house dust mites (HDM) with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and found that anti-IL-5 mAb and ABPS treatment can both decrease inflammatory cells infiltration especially eosinophils and decrease the level of serum IgE and HDM-specific IgG1. The level of IFN-γ is increased and AHR is improved, and a more significant phenomenon was observed in anti-IL-5 mAb and ABPS combined treatment.
Online Solid-Phase Extraction LC-MS/MS: A Rapid and Valid Method for the Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds at Sub ng·L−1 Level in Natural Water
Authors: Barreca Salvatore , Busetto Maddalena , Vitelli Matteo , Colzani Luisa , Clerici Laura , Dellavedova Pierluisa
Published: August 2018

In this research paper, we report a method able to detect perfluorinated compound at pg·L−1 levels in superficial and underground water samples. An online solid phase extraction HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of 12 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFASs). The method is based on injection of 5000 µL of water sample in SPE online WAX column followed by chromatography separation and mass spectrometry determination. SPE online elution was performed by water + 0.05% NH4OH and methanol + 0.05% NH4OH, while separation of target compounds was achieved within 10 min by Gemini chromatographic column operating from 1 to 12 pH range and using a mixture of water-methanol + 0.05% NH4OH. Sub ng·L−1 method detection limits (from 0.2 to 5 ng·L−1), linearity (from 0.2 to 250 ng·L−1), accuracy (from 80 to 120%), and precision (RSD less than 15% at LOQs levels) were achieved. The method is capable of measuring PFAS at trace levels, but above all it can reach the limit of 200 pg·L−1 required by European regulation for PFOS determination in surface and underground waters. The method was validated for quantitative analysis of PFASs in real water samples.
Developing an IFC‐Based Database for Construction Quality Evaluation
Authors: Xu Zhao , Huang Ting , Li Bingjing , Li Heng , Li Qiming
Published: August 2018

Quality evaluation and control are increasingly important concerns in construction projects. Construction quality evaluation, as a systematic method, must be discussed in light of quality information extraction and storage, while a traditional construction quality control program cannot meet these requirements. In moving beyond quality indicators to evaluate quality performance that is comparable across construction entities, two fundamental factors must be considered: quality information standardization and multiquality data integration. The purpose of this study is to extend the interoperability of a construction quality database in the evaluation process by employing the industry foundation classes (IFC) data model. Taking a cast‐in‐place steel‐concrete structure as an example, this study explores the implementation of building information modeling (BIM) in quality management and proposes integrated solutions to improve current quality management processes with the assistance of an IFC‐based working environment. To better utilize the performance of the BIM model and database on construction quality control, various BIM‐based evaluation frameworks are proposed. Also, this paper discusses how these IFC and neutral network models operate together to facilitate construction quality management. Project participants can better understand quality progress and collaborate more effectively, thanks to a visualized data format. The objective of evaluating the proposed model is to understand the effectiveness of an IFC‐based database when implemented in practice. A questionnaire was developed considering the opinions of construction firms and design institutes regarding identified factors. In designing an IFC‐based quality database, the method proposed in this study reduces the complexity of the database substantially and improves quality evaluation efficiency.
Type IV Laryngotracheoesophageal Cleft Associated with Type III Esophageal Atresia in 1p36 Deletions Containing the RERE Gene: Is There a Causal Role for the Genetic Alteration?
Authors: Pelizzo Gloria , Puglisi Aurora , Lapi Maria , Piccione Maria , Matina Federico , Busè Martina , Mura Giovanni Battista , Re Giuseppe , Calcaterra Valeria
Published: August 2018

The causes of embryological developmental anomalies leading to laryngotracheoesophageal clefts (LTECs) are not known, but are proposed to be multifactorial, including genetic and environmental factors. Haploinsufficiency of the RERE gene might contribute to different phenotypes seen in individuals with 1p36 deletions. We describe a neonate of an obese mother, diagnosed with type IV LTEC and type III esophageal atresia (EA), in which a 1p36 deletion including the RERE gene was detected. On the second day of life, a right thoracotomy and extrapleural esophagus atresia repair were attempted. One week later, a right cervical approach was performed to separate the cervical esophagus from the trachea. Three months later, a thoracic termino-terminal anastomosis of the esophagus was performed. An anterior fundoplication was required at 8 months of age due to severe gastroesophageal reflux and failure to thrive. A causal role of 1p36 deletions including the RERE gene in the malformation is proposed. Moreover, additional parental factors must be considered. Future studies are mandatory to elucidate genomic and epigenomic susceptibility factors that underlie these congenital malformations. A multiteam approach is a crucial factor in the successful management of affected patients.
Validity and Reliability of the Newly Developed Surface Electromyography Device for Measuring Muscle Activity during Voluntary Isometric Contraction
Authors: Jang Myung Hun , Ahn Se Jin , Lee Jun Woo , Rhee Min-Hyung , Chae Dasom , Kim Jinmi , Shin Myung Jun
Published: August 2018

Objective. The purpose of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of the newly developed surface electromyography (sEMG) device (PSL-EMG-Tr1) compared with a conventional sEMG device (BTS-FREEEMG1000). Methods. In total, 20 healthy participants (10 males, age 30.3 ± 2.9 years; 10 females, age 22.3 ± 2.7 years) were recruited. EMG signals were recorded simultaneously on two devices during three different isometric contractions (maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC, 40% MVIC, 80% MVIC)). Two trials were performed, and the same session was repeated after 1 week. EMG amplitude recorded from the dominant biceps brachii (BB) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles was analyzed for reliability using intrasession intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Concurrent validity of the two devices was determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results. Nonnormalized sEMG data showed moderate to very high reliability for all three contraction levels (ICC = 0.832–0.937 (BB); ICC = 0.814–0.957 (RF)). Normalized sEMG values showed no to high reliability (ICC = 0.030–0.831 (BB); ICC = 0.547–0.828 (RF)). sEMG signals recorded by the PSL-EMG-Tr1 showed good to excellent validity compared with the BTS-FREEEMG1000, at 40% MVIC (r = 0.943 (BB), r = 0.940 (RF)) and 80% MVIC (r = 0.983 (BB); r = 0.763 (RF)). Conclusions. The PSL-EMG-Tr1 was performed with acceptable validity. Furthermore, the high accessibility and portability of the device are useful in adjusting the type and intensity of exercise.
Utilization of Metakaolin and Calcite: Working Reversely in Workability Aspect—As Mineral Admixture in Self‐Compacting Concrete
Authors: Özcan Fatih , Kaymak Halil
Published: August 2018

In this work, utilization of metakaolin (MK) and calcite (C), working reversely in workability aspect, as mineral admixture in self‐compacting concrete (SCC), was investigated. MK and C replaced cement in mass basis at various replacement ratios, separately and together. In total, 19 different SCCs were produced. Binder content and water to binder ratio were selected as 500 kg/m3 and 0.4, respectively. Workability tests including slump flow, T50, L‐box, and V‐funnel tests were performed. Consistency and setting times of binder paste were measured. While replacement of MK with cement increased the amount of plasticiser requirement, calcite worked reversely and decreased it. Reverse influence of MK and C on plasticiser requirement of SCC made possible to produce SCC at total 45% replacement ratio of MK and C together. Samples of SCC were cured in water at 20°C temperature. Compressive strengths of SCC samples were measured up to six months to evaluate the influence of MK and C, separately and together. Ultrasonic pulse velocity, abrasion, and capillary water absorption values of samples were determined at specified age. MK inclusion in concrete reduces workability, while C inclusion increases it. C and MK inclusion together remedied workability of concrete and enabled to produce SCC with high volume of admixtures. Furthermore, C incorporation increased one‐day compressive strength, while MK incorporation reduced it in comparison with control concrete. In long term, C inclusion reduced compressive strength; however, MK inclusion increased it. C inclusion remedied one‐day strength of concrete when it was used together with MK. MK inclusion remedied long‐term compressive strength when it was used together with C and enabled to produce high‐strength SCC with high volume of admixtures. SCC containing MK and C together showed better durability‐related property.
Intra-Articular Cytokine Levels in Adolescent Patients after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
Authors: Bigoni Marco , Turati Marco , Zatti Giovanni , Gandolla Marta , Sacerdote Paola , Piatti Massimiliano , Castelnuovo Alberto , Rigamonti Luca , Munegato Daniele , Franchi Silvia , Portinaro Nicola , Pedrocchi Alessandra , Omeljaniuk Robert J. , Locatelli Vittorio , Torsello Antonio
Published: August 2018

The treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in children and adolescents is challenging. Preclinical and clinical studies investigated ACL repairing techniques in skeletally immature subjects. However, intra-articular bioenvironment following ACL tear has not yet been defined in skeletally immature patients. The aim of this study was to measure cytokine concentrations in the synovial fluid in adolescent population. Synovial levels of IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were measured in 17 adolescent patients (15 boys) with ACL tears who underwent ACL reconstruction including acute (5), subacute (7), and chronic (5) phases. Femoral growth plates were classified as “open” in three patients, “closing” in eight, and “closed” in six. Eleven patients presented an ACL tear associated with a meniscal tear. The mean Tegner and Lysholm scores (mean±SD) of all patients were 8 ± 1 and 50.76 ± 26, respectively. IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels were significantly greater in patients with “open” physes. IL-1ra and IL-1β levels were significantly higher in patients with ACL tear associated with a meniscal tear. Poor Lysholm scores were associated with elevated IL-6 and IL-10 levels. IL-10 levels positively correlated with IL-6 and IL-8 levels, whereas TNF-α concentration negatively correlated with IL-6 levels. Skeletally immature patients with meniscal tears and open growth plates have a characteristic cytokine profile with particularly elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β. This picture suggests that the ACL tear could promote an intra-articular catabolic response in adolescent patients greater than that generally reported for adult subjects. The study lacks the comparison with synovial samples from healthy skeletally immature knees due to ethical reasons. Overall, these data contribute to a better knowledge of adolescent intra-articular bioenvironment following ACL injuries.
SHMT2 Overexpression Predicts Poor Prognosis in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ning Shanglei , Ma Siquan , Saleh Abdul Qahar , Guo Lingyu , Zhao Zixiao , Chen Yuxin
Published: August 2018

Background and Objective. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) functions as a key enzyme in serine/glycine biosynthesis and one-carbon metabolism. Recent studies have shown that SHMT2 participated in tumor growth and progression in a variety of cancer types. The objective of the present study is to explore the expression of SHMT2 and evaluate its prognostic value in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA).Patients and Methods.We retrospectively investigated the expression of SHMT2 in 100 primary iCCA samples through immunohistochemical (IHC) staining on a tissue array.Results.High SHMT2 expression was found in 52 of the 100 specimens. The results indicated that SHMT2 level was upregulated compared to adjacent nontumor intrahepatic bile duct tissue. Furthermore, SHMT2 level was closely associated with tumor T stage (P=0.017) and tumor TNM stage (P=0.041) in patients with iCCA, but not with age, gender, tumor size, tumor number, pathological grade, vascular invasion, or N stage. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that patients with lower SHMT2 level have longer survival rate than those with high expression (45.8 vs 23.1%,P=0.030). Additionally, the multivariate analysis model indicated SHMT2 is an independent adverse prognosticator in iCCA.Conclusion.High SHMT2 level was correlated with poorer overall survival in patients with iCCA. SHMT2 was proved to be a powerful and independent prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target for patients with iCCA.
Synergistic Effect of Latex Powder and Rubber on the Properties of Oil Well Cement‐Based Composites
Authors: Song Jianjian , Xu Mingbiao , Liu Weihong , Wang Xiaoliang , Wu Yumeng
Published: August 2018

The brittleness and the poor resistance to external load of oil well cement impede the development of oil and gas wells. To overcome these deficiencies, latex powder or rubber and their hybrid combinations were used to modify the oil well cement. The conventional properties, mechanical properties, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the modified cement were analyzed. In comparison with latex powder‐incorporated cement and rubber‐incorporated cement, a significant improvement of fluid loss, flexural strength, impact strength, and elasticity of the cement slurry was observed when using the hybrid combinations of 3 wt.% latex powder and 2 wt.% rubber, although this synergistic effect was not remarkable on the compressive strength and the thickening time. These evidences arose from the synergism between latex powder and rubber leading to the formation of a three‐dimensional network structure and a flexible structure which subsequently improved the elasticity and toughness of cement stone. The improved elastic matrix has a buffering effect on external impact when the cement stone is subjected to an external load.
Influence of Fiber Type on Low‐Temperature Fracture Performance of Presawed Asphalt Mixture Beams
Authors: Wu Jinrong , Hong Rongbao , Gu Chenbin
Published: August 2018

In order to improve the durability of asphalt pavement, low‐temperature fracture performance of AC‐13 asphalt mixture with different fiber types were studied by three‐point bending fracture test under different temperatures and presawed positions. Test results show that the improvement effect of basalt fiber is obvious and stable. The improvement effect of polyester fiber is not obvious to resist I crack, and the resistance effect of I‐II compound crack is obvious. Lignin fiber mixed in the asphalt mixture has no obvious effect on improving the crack resistance property under low temperature. Fiber cooperated with asphalt mixture can improve the ability of low‐temperature fracture performance, while the improvement degree is effected by fiber type. Low‐temperature fracture performance of asphalt mixture improves with the increase of temperature within a certain temperature range. The presawed position has significant effect on the low‐temperature fracture performance of asphalt mixture. The larger the horizontal distance of the presawed position and center load is, the stronger the low‐temperature fracture performance of asphalt mixture presents.