bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Inversion Method Using a Modified Bat Algorithm for Analysis of Seismic Refraction Data in Dam Site Investigation
Authors: Poormirzaee Rashed , Sarmady Siamak , Sharghi Yusuf
Published: December 2020

Similar to any other geophysical method, seismic refraction method faces non-uniqueness in the estimation of model parameters. Recently, different nonlinear seismic processing techniques have been introduced, particularly for seismic inversion. One of the recently developed metaheuristic algorithms is bat optimization algorithm (BA). Standard BA is usually quick at the exploitation of the solution, while its exploration ability is relatively poor. In order to improve exploration ability of BA, in the current study, a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm by inclusion a mutation operator into BA, so-called mutation based bat algorithm (MBA), is introduced to inversion of seismic refraction data. The efficiency and stability of the proposed inversion algorithm were tested on different synthetic cases. Finally, the MBA inversion algorithm was applied to a real dataset acquired from Leylanchay dam site at East-Azerbaijan province, Iran, to determine alluvium depth. Then, the performance of MBA on both synthetic and real datasets was compared with standard BA. Moreover, the dataset was further processed following a tomographic approach and the results were compared to the results of the proposed MBA inversion method. In general, the MBA inversion results were superior to standard BA inversion and results of MBA were in good agreement with available boreholes data and geological sections at the dam site. The analysis of the seismic data showed that the studied site comprises three distinct layers: a saturated alluvial, an unsaturated alluvial, and a dolomite bedrock. The measured seismic velocity across the dam site has a range of 400 to 3,500 m/s, with alluvium thickness ranging from 5 to 19 m. Findings showed that the proposed metaheuristic inversion framework is a simple, fast, and powerful tool for seismic data processing.
Enhancement of GPR Diffracted Waves Processing: A Case Study from Taiyuan, China
Authors: Shen Hongyan , Yan Yueying , Li Xinxin , Wan Xin , Li Qin , Li Yidong
Published: December 2020

Mined-out areas, caves, voids and cavities usually appear as diffracted waves on ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiles. Therefore, the complete extraction of diffracted waves forms the foundation of the efficient usage of the GPR technique in geological surveys. We propose a method of enhancing GPR diffracted waves via singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering and establish an effective GPR data processing flowchart. First, the shallow and deep signal energies were controlled within a certain dynamic range by energy scaling in the traces. Next, the SVD filtering process was employed to suppress air waves and multiples with better transverse coherence and to extract GPR diffracted waves. Third, background noise was suppressed via band-pass filtering to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the GPR data. Finally, fitting a diffraction time-distance hyperbola allow us to obtain a diffraction velocity. Constant velocity migration processing for the diffracted waves was based on the Kirchhoff migration technique. The feasibility and effectiveness of this GPR processing technique were verified with the discovery of geological flaws beneath the Mengshan Giant Buddha in China during a cavity survey. Our proposed flowchart efficiently extracts GPR diffracted waves and increases the data SNR. The resulting images are more readily interpreted within the local geological context.
Forward Modeling of GPR Data by Unstaggered Finite Difference Frequency Domain (FDFD) Method: An Approach towards an Appropriate Numerical Scheme
Authors: Layek Mrinal Kanti , Sengupta Probal
Published: December 2020

Forward modeling of ground penetrating radar (GPR) is an important part to the inversion/modeling of the observed data. The aim of this study is to establish specific numerical schemes for forward modeling of GPR data by finite difference frequency domain (FDFD) method which were originally developed for seismic or finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. A total number of six modified and improved FDFD techniques have been used to discretize the two-dimensional (2D) transverse electric (TE)-mode scalar wave equation in order to find the suitable method for this. These techniques include five-point classical to nine-point mixed unstaggered-grid configurations. The numerical schemes for three unsplit perfectly matched layer (PML) for nine-point mixed unstaggered-grid configurations are also presented. The applicability of these techniques is tested by using the underground models of relative permittivity and conductivity for the two cases of homogeneous and 2-cross models. GPR shot gather data for these two models are also produced for this study. The relative reflection errors of the numerical schemes are also estimated for the homogeneous model to comprehend the appropriate method for the modeling. The algorithm for complex-frequency shifted PML (CFSPML) gives the least error in case of the forward modeling of the GPR data.
Multi-scale Target Detection for Underground Spaces with Transient Electromagnetics Based on Differential Pulse Scanning
Authors: Li Wenhan , Li He , Lu Kailiang , Cui Hongliang , Li Xiu
Published: December 2020

Improvements in detecting underground spaces in urban areas require improvements to the radiation efficiency and resolving power of the artificial source. Due to the use of bipolar pulse and the low efficiency of the artificial source, the existing artificial sources have difficulty in accurately imaging complex urban underground spaces of varying depths and sizes, to complete the task of “transparent detection” of urban underground spaces to depths of two hundred meters. In this paper, a new type of transient electromagnetic radiation based on a high-performance artificial source and differential pulse is proposed. At the same time, multi-resolution theory and multi-scale information extraction technology are combined to further improve the resolution of the radiation field in imaging complex urban underground structures of varying sizes. With this new method, we are able to achieve our goal of transparent detection of ‘two hundred meters' depths of urban underground space.
Experiment of 3D Seismic Reflection Technique for Forward Probing on TBM Tunnel Face
Authors: Song Ao , Song Bin , Qian Rongyi
Published: December 2020

Geophysical technologies are used to mitigate geological hazard caused by adverse geological conditions in front of a tunnel face. The prevailing method for forward probing for tunnels constructed by a tunnel boring machine (TBM) for advance prediction is based on seismic detection. Conventional tunnel seismic prediction technology uses P- and S-waves with sources fired on the tunnel wall or face and layout receivers on the tunnel wall to acquire the reflected waves. However, the results show that most of these methods have different deficiencies that are in either low detection accuracy, short detection depth, and/or multiplicity in imaging. This paper proposes a new high resolution tunnel advance prediction technology on the face based on 3D seismic wave detection. It arranges the 3D high-density source and recording geometry on the tunnel face to receive reflected P-waves for 3D imaging. By using the 3D numerical simulation, we first analyze the energy distribution and propagation characteristics of the wave field, which proves that our method is feasible. Compared with the conventional technologies, the seismic energy propagating towards the tunnel face is stronger and produces rich reflected information. The reflected wave has the advantages of bandwidth, strong energy and little interferences from surface wave, so that the seismic phases are easy to be identified. On this basis, we present the high resolution true 3D prediction technology to obtain more comprehensive and abundant azimuth information. Our approach is further validated by an application experiment in a real-world engineering project of water conveyance tunnel. The results show that the new technique has a greater detection length, higher detection accuracy and more reliable imaging results.
CA724 predicts overall survival in locally advanced gastric cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Tong Yilin , Zhao Yan , Shan Zexing , Zhang Jianjun
Published: December 2020

Background: Serum tumor markers including AFU, AFP, CEA, CA199, CA125 and CA724, are of great importance in the diagnosis, prognostic prediction and recurrence monitoring of gastrointestinal malignancies. However, their significance in gastric cancer (GC) patients with neoadjuvant therapy (NCT) is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of these six tumor markers in locally advanced GC patients who underwent NCT and curative surgery. Methods: In total, 290 locally advanced GC patients who underwent NCT and D2 radical gastrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Data on their tumor markers before (pre-) and after (post-) NCT and pathological characteristics were extracted from the database of our hospital. The optimal cutoff values of the six tumor markers were calculated by the ROC curve and Youden index. Their predictive significance was analyzed and survival curves for overall survival (OS) were obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method. Associations between categorical variables were explored by the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Multivariate analyses were performed by the Cox regression model. Results: Pre- and post-CA199, -CA125 and -CA724 could predict overall survival (all P < 0.05), but only the change (diff-) of CA199 was related to prognosis (P = 0.05). In the multivariable analysis, pre- (P = 0.014) and post-CA724 (P = 0.036) remained significant, though diff-CA724 was not an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.581). In addition, pre- and post-CA199, -CA125 and -CA724 were associated with lymph node metastasis (N- vs N+) and pathological stage (Ⅰ-Ⅱ vs Ⅲ) (all P < 0.05). Moreover, post-CA724 was related to the vascular or lymphatic invasion (P = 0.019), while pre-CA724 was not (P = 0.082). However, AFU, AFP and CEA showed no association with survival (P > 0.05). Conclusions: CA724 is an independent factor for prognosis and could be used to predict ypN and ypTNM stage in locally advanced GC patients undergoing NCT and curative resection.
Parental smoking status affects substance use by adolescents: A national cross-sectional study conducted in Korea
Authors: Lee Jinhee , Kwan Yunna , Min Seongho , Kim Min-Hyuk , Chun Ka Hye , Choi Sungwon , Ahn Joung-Sook
Published: December 2020

Background: In the present study, we investigated the association between substance use by adolescents and parental smoking status based on data from the 2016 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, a national school-based survey. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents aged 12–18 years (n = 65,528) were analyzed, and the risk of substance use according to the parental smoking status was investigated. Results: We found that smoking by both parents was a greater risk factor for substance use by adolescents than smoking by any one parent. Moreover, maternal smoking was a greater risk for substance use by adolescents than paternal smoking. We also investigated sex differences in the risk of substance use as a result of the parental smoking status. Conclusions: Accurate evaluation of the family smoking environment and whole-family interventions are necessary for preventing and intervening in substance use by adolescents.
A moderated-mediation model of fear of illness and subjective psychological well-being during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sood Sarita , Sharma Ananya
Published: December 2020

A sudden outbreak of diseases poses a serious threat to mental health. Relying on strengths might mitigate negative mental health outcomes and promote positive mental health. Prior research suggests a potential moderated mediation effect between fear of illness and subjective psychological well-being. Based on the Complete State Model and the Competence-Based Model of mental health, this study examined the relationship between fear of illness and subjective psychological well-being through perceived distress moderated by resilience in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey using questionnaires was employed. Data were collected online from 384 participants ( 270 females and 114 males, age range= 15 to 29 years). The participants had indirect exposure to COVID-19 through information from the media. Results demonstrated that fear of illness significantly predicts subjective psychological well-being both directly and indirectly. In addition, the moderated mediation effect of resilience was confirmed. Resilience moderated the indirect effect between fear of illness and subjective psychological well-being through perceived distress. The magnitude of the indirect effect was contingent on resilience. Further, the effect of perceived distress on subjective psychological well-being is weakened as the level of resilience increases. This study contributes theoretically to a better understanding of the salutogenic effect of resilience on positive mental health during a pandemic. Based on the findings, implications and future directions are discussed.
mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq Profiling Analyses Reveal Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Induction of Fruiting Bodies in Ophiocordyceps Sinensis
Authors: Zhang Han , Tong Xinxin , Yue Pan , Bai Jing , Yang Jinyan , Guo Jinlin
Published: December 2020

Ophiocordyceps sinensis has been a source of valuable materials in traditional Asian medicine for over two thousand years. With recent global warming and overharvest, however, the availability of these wild fungi has decreased dramatically. While fruiting bodies of O. sinensis have been artificially cultivated, the molecular mechanisms that govern the induction of fruiting bodies at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels are unclear. In this study, we carried out both mRNA and small RNA sequencing to identify crucial genes and miRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) involved in the development of fruiting bodies. A total of 2875 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 71 differentially expressed milRNAs (DEMs) were identified among the mycoparasite complex (MC), the sclerotium (ST) and the fruiting body (FB) stage. Functional enrichment and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, analyses indicated that the ST had increased oxidative stress and energy metabolism, and that mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling might induce the formation of fruiting bodies. Integrated analysis of DEGs and DEMs revealed that n_os_milR16, n_os_milR21, n_os_milR34, and n_os_milR90 could be candidate milRNAs that regulate the induction of fruiting bodies. This study provides transcriptome-wide insight into the molecular basis of fruiting body formation in O. Sinensis, and identifies potential candidate genes for improving induction rate.
Online Hate Network Spreads Malicious COVID-19 Content Outside the Control of Individual Social Media Platforms
Authors: Velasquez Nicolas , Leahy Rhys , Restrepo Nicholas Johnson , Lupu Yonatan , Sear Richard , Gabriel Nicholas , Jha Om , Goldberg Beth , Johnson Neil
Published: December 2020

We show that malicious COVID-19 content, including racism, disinformation, and misinformation, exploits the multiverse of online hate to spread quickly beyond the control of any individual social media platform. We provide a first mapping of the online hate network across six major social media platforms. We demonstrate how malicious content can travel across this network in ways that subvert platform moderation efforts. Machine learning topic analysis shows quantitatively how online hate communities are sharpening COVID-19 as a weapon, with topics evolving rapidly and content becoming increasingly coherent. Based on mathematical modeling, we provide predictions of how changes to content moderation policies can slow the spread of malicious content.
Metabarcoding Gillnets to Assess Unaccounted Catch Depredation or Escape
Authors: de Bruyn Mark , Barbato Matteo , Broadhurst Matt
Published: December 2020

Gillnets are the world’s most common net-based fishing gear, comprising walls of light mesh designed to entangle fish. Like all fishing gears, gillnets are not 100% effective for the targeted catches, and usually catch similar-sized, unwanted animals that are discarded, often dead. Gillnets are often retrieved with holes in the netting, which means some animals escape or are depredated unseen, but with some mortality. To effectively manage fisheries around the world, information is required on not only the harvested and discarded mortalities, but also problematic interactions and mortalities caused by the fishing gear and especially those involving protected species. This study sought to assess a novel method for determining such interactions by sampling pieces of netting around holes in polyethylene gillnets for environmental deoxyribonucleic acid or ‘eDNA’. Here we show that eDNA correctly identified all previously entangled-and-landed species. Also, eDNA from three uncaptured taxa were recorded: bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, white shark, Carcharodon carcharias and dolphins (Delphindae), illustrating the potential to reveal previously cryptic gillnet interactions. We propose that as scientific methods evolve and autonomous real-time DNA surveillance becomes routine, eDNA testing of fishing gears and vessels could provide a novel, complementary fishery-monitoring tool.
Vibrational Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering Inliquid Acetic Acid: A Ruler for Molecular Chain Lengths
Authors: Savchenko Viktoriia , Brumboiu Iulia-Emilia , Kimberg Victor , Odelius Michael , Krasnov Pavel , Liu Ji-Cai , Rubensson Jan-Erik , Björneholm Olle , Såthe Conny , Gråsjö Johan , Dong Minjie , Pietzsch Annette , Föhlisch Alexander , Schmitt Thorsten , McNally Daniel , Lu Xingye , Polyutov Sergey , Norman Patrick , Iannuzzi Marcella , Gel'mukhanov Faris , Ekholm Victor
Published: December 2020

Quenching of vibrational excitations in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra of liquid acetic acid is observed. At the oxygen core resonance associated with localized excitations at the O-H bond, the spectra lack the typical progressionof vibrational excitations observed in RIXS spectra of comparable systems. We interpret this phenomenon as due to strong rehybridization of the unoccupied molecular orbitals as a result of hydrogen bonding. This allows us to address the molecular structure of the liquid, and to determine a lower limit for the average molecular chain length.
miR-486 Expression is Regulated by DNA Methylation in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Namløs Heidi , Skårn Magne , Ahmed Deeqa , Grad Iwona , Andresen Kim , Kresse Stine , Serra Massimo , Scotlandi Katia , Llombart-Bosch Antonio , Myklebost Ola , Lind Guro , Meza-Zepeda Leonardo
Published: December 2020

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumour of bone occurring in children and young adolescents, and is characterised by complex genetic and epigenetic changes. The miRNA miR-486-5p has been shown to be downregulated in osteosarcoma and in cancer in general. To investigate if the miR-486 locus is epigenetically regulated, we integrated DNA methylation and miR-486-5p expression data using cohorts of osteosarcoma cell lines and patient samples. An upstream CpG island of mir-486 was shown to be highly methylated in osteosarcoma cell lines as determined by methylation-specific PCR and direct bisulfite sequencing. High methylation levels were seen for osteosarcoma patient samples, cell xenografts and cell lines based on quantitative methylation-specific PCR. 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine treatment of osteosarcoma cell lines caused induction of miR-486-5p in osteosarcoma cell lines. When overexpressed, miR-486-5p affected cell morphology. miR-486-5p represents a highly cancer relevant, epigenetically regulated miRNA in osteosarcoma.
Association Between Components of the Delirium Syndrome and Outcomes in Hospitalised Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Tieges Zoë , Quinn Terence , MacKenzie Lorn , Davis Daniel , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , MacLullich Alasdair , Shenkin Susan
Published: December 2020

Background Delirium is a heterogeneous syndrome with inattention as the core feature. There is considerable variation in the presence and degree of other symptom domains such as altered arousal, psychotic features and global cognitive dysfunction. Delirium is independently associated with increased mortality, but it is unclear whether individual symptom domains of delirium have prognostic importance. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in hospitalised adults in general settings to identify the relationship between symptom domains of delirium and outcomes.(PROSPERO: CRD42018093935). Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, clinicaltrials.gov and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to November 2019. We included studies of hospitalised adults that reported associations between symptom domains of delirium and 30-day mortality (primary outcome), and other outcomes including mortality at other time points, length of stay, and dementia. Reviewer pairs independently screened articles, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias (Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies) and quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. We performed random-effects meta-analyses stratified by delirium domain where possible.Results From 7092 citations we included 6 studies (6002 patients, 1112 with delirium). Higher mortality was associated with altered arousal (pooled Odds Ratio (OR) 2.80, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.33-3.37; moderate-quality evidence), inattention (pooled OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.74-3.80; low-quality evidence), and in single studies with disorientation, memory deficits and disorganised thoughts. Risk of bias varied across studies but was moderate-to-high overall, mainly due to selection bias, lack of blinding of assessments and unclear risk of selective outcome reporting. We found no studies on the association between psychotic features, visuospatial deficits or affective disturbances in delirium and outcomes, or studies reporting non-mortality outcomes.Conclusions Few studies have related symptom domains of delirium to outcomes, but the available evidence suggests that altered arousal and inattention in delirium are associated with higher mortality than normal arousal and attention in people with or without delirium. Measurable symptom domains of delirium may have value in predicting survival and stratifying patients for treatment. We recommend that future delirium studies report outcomes by symptom domain.
The Resurgence of Yellow Fever Outbreaks in Nigeria; A 2-Year Review 2017-2019
Authors: Nomhwange Terna , Baptiste Anne , Ezebilo Obi , Nomhwange Erdoo , Bathondeli Blaise , Adejoh Kennedy , Ningi Adamu , Ireye Faith , Nora Eyo , Oteri Joseph , Emelife Kizito , Olajide Lois , Hassan Shehu , Tomori Oyewale
Published: December 2020

Background Yellow fever outbreaks are documented to have a considerable impact not only on the individuals but on the health system with significant economic implications. Efforts to eliminate yellow fever outbreaks globally through the EYE strategy remains important following outbreaks in Africa, Nigeria included. The outbreaks reported in Nigeria, since 2017 and the response efforts provide an opportunity to document and guide interventions for improving future outbreaks in Nigeria and other countries in Africa. Methods We reviewed the available yellow fever surveillance and vaccination response data between September 2017 and September 2019 across the 36 states across Nigeria. We described the epidemiology of the difference outbreaks and the periods for all interventions. We also documented the emergency vaccination responses as well as preventive mass vaccinations implemented towards improving population immunity and limiting epidemic potentials in Nigeria.Results A total of 7,894 suspected cases with 287 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported in Nigeria between September 2017 and September 2019 with a mean age of 19 years and a case fatality of 2.7% amongst all reported cases. Outbreaks were confirmed in 55 LGAs with most of the outbreaks across four major epicentres in Kwara/Kogi, Edo, Ebonyi and Bauchi states. In response to these outbreaks, eight reactive vaccination campaigns, supported through ICG applications, were implemented. The duration for responding to the outbreaks ranged from 15-132 days (average 68 days) and a total of 45,648,242 persons aged <45 years vaccinated through reactive and preventive mass campaigns between September 2017 and September 2019.Conclusions Nigeria experienced intermediate outbreaks of yellow fever between September 2017 and 2019 with vaccination responses conducted to control these outbreaks. However, there are delays in the timeliness of responses and more efforts required in improving reporting, response times and preparedness to further prevent morbidity and mortality from the yellow fever disease outbreaks.
Laparoscopic Specimen Extraction in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Huang Yuanbi , Yi Tian , He Huajie , Li Qiguang , Long Xian , Hu Gaohua , Chen Qiwei , Li Yongpeng , Chen Rongchao , Yi Xianlin
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To explore the maximum diameter of specimens that can be extracted with different adjuvant incision length and shape by in vitro physical experiments.Materials and Methods: The abdominal wall with the muscle layer of pigs was fixed on a square wooden frame to simulate the abdominal wall of humans. Then, circular, inverted Y-shaped and straight-line incisions with different sizes and lengths were made for specimen extraction. Specimens of different sizes and textures were then extracted by a force device. The specimen with the largest diameter could be extracted using the smallest incision. The results were analysed by recording the maximum pull force (N). Results: The maximum diameters of specimens that can be extracted with circular ostomy diameters of 2.4, 2.7 and 3.3 cm are 4.0, 4.5 and 6.0 cm, respectively. Specimens with diameters of 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 cm could be extracted with inverted Y-shaped incisions with the length around umbilicus of 1 cm and extension length of 1.0, 3.0, 4.0 cm, respectively. Moreover, these same specimens could be extracted with inverted Y-shaped incisions with the length around umbilicus of 2 cm and extension length of 0.0, 1.0 and 2.0 cm, respectively. In straight-line incisions, tough tissue specimens (made from chicken gizzard) with diameters of 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 cm could be removed from incisions with diameters of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 cm, respectively. Conclusion: Along with preoperative imaging, surgical planning and trocar position, the shape and length of adjuvant incisions can be used to improve the extraction of specimens via laparoscopy.
Halide perovskites: third generation photovoltaic materials empowered by metavalent bonding
Authors: Wuttig Matthias , Schön Carl-Friedrich , Schumacher Mathias , Robertson John , Golub Pavlo , Bousquet Eric , Raty Jean-Yves
Published: December 2020

Third-generation photovoltaic (PV) materials combine many advantageous properties, including a high optical absorption together with a large charge carrier mobility, facilitated by small effective masses. Halide perovskites (ABX3, where X = I, Br or Cl) appear to be the most promising third-generation PV materials at present. Their opto-electronic properties are governed by the B-X bond. A quantum-chemical bond analysis reveals that this bond differs significantly from ionic, metallic or covalent bonds. Instead, it is better regarded as metavalent, since it shares approximately one p-electron between adjacent atoms. The resulting s–bond is half-filled, which causes pronounced optical absorption. Electron transfer and lattice distortions open a moderate band gap, resulting in charge carriers with small effective masses. Hence metavalent bonding explains the favorable PV properties of halide perovskites. This is summarized in a map for different bond types, which provides a blueprint to design third-generation PV materials.
Proteome Mining of Sortase A Dependent Proteins (SDPs) in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Docking Analysis of SDPs interaction with Sortase A
Authors: Javanshir Nahid , Rezvani Ehsaneh Moslem , Mazhary Zakie , Razani Sepideh , Ahmadian Gholamreza , Allahyari Najaf
Published: December 2020

BackgroundLactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are important probiotics, play a fundamental role in ensuring the health of the gastrointestinal tract, maintaining the microbiome balance, and preventing the gastrointestinal (GI) tract disorder. One of the effective mechanisms in the bacterial-host interaction is related to the action of the enzyme sortase A and Sortase Dependent Proteins (SDPs). Sortase plays an important role in the stabilization and retention of the probiotic in the gut by exposing various SDPs on the bacterial surface proteins which is involved in the attachment of bacteria to the host intestine and retention in the gut.ResultsIn this study, out of 165 LABs reference proteomes, there were 25 SDP-free strains. Among the 140 strains with SDPs, 707 proteins were found with the potential to function as SDPs. In this way, ProtScreen software with the ability to recognize a specific motif and domain in the proteome, which is available at http://nigebprotscreen.com/ was designed. Also a database including 707 SDPs in Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Carnobacterium, and Leuconostoc strains was designed which is available in the project section at online ProtScreen software. Our results showed that the most abundant amino acid in X position in the LPXTG motif among 165(LABs) is glutamine (Q). Results of SDPs and sortase A docking using HADDOCK and CABS-dock tools, showed that the highest binding energy is related to the glutamine, where a positive relationship between frequency of amino acids and binding energy was observed. Therefore, our data shows that why glutamine in nature and during evolution, has been selected as the best amino acid for X site in LPXTG motif.ConclusionsThe results of the present research and similar studies could be useful in better understanding the role of sortase A and SDPs in the studies on the mechanisms related to the interactions between bacteria and the host, including longer probiotic persistence in the gut.
Premature Senescence Leaf 50 Promotes Heat Stress Tolerance in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: He Yan , Zhang Xiao-bo , Shi Yongfeng , Xu Xia , Li Liangjian , Wu Jian-li
Published: December 2020

BackgroundHeat stress is a major environmental factor that could induce premature leaf senescence in plants. So far, few rice premature senescent leaf mutants have been reported to involve in heat tolerance.FindingsWe identified a premature senescence leaf 50 (psl50) mutant that exhibited a higher heat susceptibility with decreased survival rate, over-accumulated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and increased cell death under heat stress compared with the wild-type. The causal gene PREMATURE SENESCENCE LEAF 50 (PSL50) was isolated by using initial map-based resequencing (IMBR) approach, and we found that PSL50 promoted heat tolerance probably by acting as a modulator of H2O2 signaling in response to heat stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.).ConclusionsPSL50 negatively regulates heat-induced premature leaf senescence in rice.
Is PSA Density of the Peripheral Zone as a Useful Predictor for Prostate Cancer in Patients With Gray Zone PSA Levels?
Authors: Lee Jaegeun , Yang Seung Woo , Jin Long , Lee Chung Lyul , Lee Ji Yong , Shin Ju Hyun , Lim Jae Sung , Song Ki Hak
Published: December 2020

BackgroundSerum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used in screening tests for prostate cancer. As the low specificity of PSA results in unnecessary and invasive prostate biopsies, we evaluated the clinical significance of various PSAs and PSA density (PSAD) related to peripheral zones in patients with gray zone PSA level (4-10 ng/mL).MethodsA total of 1,300 patients underwent transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy from 2014 to 2019. Among them, 545 patients in the gray zone were divided into the prostate cancer diagnosis group and the non-prostate cancer diagnosis group, and PSA, relative extra transitional zone PSA (RETzPSA), estimated post holmium laser enucleation of the prostate PSA (EPHPSA), PSAD, peripheral zone PSA density (PZPSAD) and extra-transitional zone density (ETzD) were compared and analyzed using receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis after 1:1 matching using propensity score.ResultsArea under the ROC curve values of PSA, EPHPSA, RETzPSA, PSA density, ETzD, and PZPSAD were 0.553 (95% CI: 0.495-0.610), 0.611 (95% CI: 0.554-0.666), 0.673 (95% CI: 0.617-0.725), 0.745 (95% CI: 0.693-0.793), 0.731 (95% CI: 0.677-0.780) and 0.677 (95% CI: 0.611-0.719), respectively. PSAD had 67.11% sensitivity, 71.71% specificity, and 70.34% positive predictive rate at 0.18 ng/mL/cc. ETzD had 69.08% sensitivity, 64.47% specificity, and 66.04% positive predictive rate at 0.04 ng/mL/cc. When the cut-off value of PSAD was increased to 0.18 ng/mL/cc, the best results were obtained with an odds ratio of 5.171 (95% CI: 3.171-8.432), followed by ETzD with 4.054 (95% CI: 2.513-6.540).ConclusionsThese results suggested that volume-adjusted parameters (ETzD and PSAD) might be more sensitive and accurate than various PSA in gray zone patients who required prostate biopsy to reduce unnecessary biopsy.
EZH2/EHMT2 Histone Methyltransferases Inhibit the Transcription of DLX5 and Promote the Transformation of Myelodysplastic Syndrome to Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Zheng Zhuanzhe , Li Ling , Li Guoxia , Zhang Yaofang , Dong Chunxia , Ren Fanggang , Chen Wenliang , Ma Yanping
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of heterogeneous myeloid clonal diseases originating from hematopoietic stem cells and may develop to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We investigated the mechanism of histone methyltransferases EZH2/EHMT2 during the transformation of MDS to AML.MethodsExpression of EZH2/EHMT2 in MDS/AML patients and in NHD13 mice was detected. EZH2 and EHMT2 were silenced or overexpressed in SKM-1 cells to evaluate cell proliferation and cycle. Levels of DLX5, H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 were detected. The binding of DLX5 promoter region to H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 was examined. Levels of H3K27me3/H3K9me2 in cells were decreased by EZH2/EHMT2 inhibitors, and then changes of DLX5 expression and cell proliferation were observed.ResultsEZH2 was poorly expressed in MDS patients but highly expressed in MDS-AML patients. EHMT2 was elevated in both MDS and MDS-AML patients. EZH2 expression was reduced and EHMT2 expression was promoted in NHD13 mice. NHD13 mice with overexpressing EZH2 or EHMT2 transformed into AML more quickly. Intervention of EZH2 or EHMT2 inhibited SKM-1 cell proliferation and promoted DLX5 expression. Both silencing EZH1 and EZH2 in SKM-1 cells, the H3K27me3 level was decreased. EZH2 silencing repressed the proliferation of SKM-1 cells. The transcription level of DLX5 in SKM-1 cells was inhibited by H3K27me3 and H3K9me2. Enhanced DLX5 expression restrained the proliferation of SKM-1 cells.ConclusionEZH2/EHMT2 catalyzed H3K27me3/H3K9me2 to inhibit the transcription of DLX5, thus promoting the transformation from MDS to AML.
Let-7a Suppresses Ewing Sarcoma CSCs’ Malignant Phenotype via Forming a Positive Feedback Circuit with STAT3 and lin28
Authors: Xu Jiang , Zhang Zhongzu , Huang Lu , Zhou Rongping , Feng LinXuan , Zhou Zhenhai , Yu Honggui , Peng Kun , Li Chen , Liu Zhiming , Cao Kai
Published: December 2020

BackgroundCancer stem cells (CSCs) have been documented to be closely related with tumor metastasis and recurrence, and the same important role were identified in Ewing Sarcoma (ES). In our previous study, we found that let-7a was repressed in ES. Herein, we further identified its putative effects in the CSCs of ES. ResultsThe expression of let-7a was consistently suppressed in the separated ES SP cells, which were identified to contain the characteristics of the stem cells. The ability of colony formation or invasion of ES SP cells was suppressed in vitro when we restored the expression of let-7a. The same results were found in the tumor growth of ES SP cells’ xenograft mice in vivo. Furthermore, we found STAT3 and lin28 were involved in the suppressive effects.ConclusionLet-7a, STAT3 and lin28 might form a positive circuit to regulate the malignant phenotype of ES CSCs.
HIV Diagnosis Time Differentiates ART Initiation: Implications from a Prospective Cohort Study in China
Authors: Tinglong YANG , Yang Xueying , Li Linghua , Xu Huifang , Fan Lirui , Li Quanmin , Fan Xiaoyan , Chen Weiyi , Du Xuan , Hao Chun , Li Jinghua , Hao Yuantao , Gu Jing
Published: December 2020

Background: We estimated the predictive effects of ART-related perceptions on the actual ART uptake behavior among ART naïve PLWH stratified by different time of HIV diagnosis under the new strategy. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among ART naïve PLWH in Guangzhou, China from June 2016 to June 2017. Cox regression model was used to evaluate the predictive effects of ART-related perceptions on ART initiation among PLWH stratified by different timepoint of HIV diagnosis (i.e., before or after the update of the new treatment policy). Results: Among 411 participants, 150 and 261 were diagnosed before (pre-scaleup group) and after (post-scaleup group) the implementation of the new strategy, respectively. The ART initiation rate in the post-scaleup group (88.9%) was higher than that in the pre-scaleup group (73.3%) (p<0.001). A significant difference of mean score was detected in each HBM construct between pre- and post- scaleup groups (p<0.05). After adjusting for significant background variables, among all participants, only the self-efficacy (adjusted HR (HRa) =1.23, 95% C.I.: 1.06 to 1.43, p=0.006), has a predictive effect on ART initiation; in pre-scaleup group, all constructs of HBM-related ART perceptions were predictors of ART initiation (HRa=0.71 to 1.83, p<0.05), while in post-scaleup group, no significant difference was found in each construct (p>0.05). Conclusions: The ART initiation rate was high particularly among participants who diagnosed after the new treatment strategy. The important role of the time of HIV diagnosis on ART initiation identified in this study suggested that future implementation interventions may consider to modify the ART-related perceptions for HIV patients who diagnosed before the implementation of the new ART strategy, while expand the accessibility of ART service for those who diagnosed after the implementation of the new strategy.
Value-Based HIV Care: A Method to Improve Quality of HIV Care.
Authors: berk Guido van den , Moha Daoud Ait , Stalenhoef Janneke , Kleene Marie-Jose , Meche Narda van der , Schouten Ineke , Keus Samyra , Brinkman Kees
Published: December 2020

Background : To support our goal of providing optimal HIV care to our patients, we started applying the value-based health care principle to the HIV care that we offer in our HIV center, measuring relevant health outcomes and costs to allow continuous implementation of improvements (Value-Based HIV Care; VBHiC). Methods : In line with the principles of Michael Porter, our approach consisted of the following steps: 1) Organizing into integrated practice units / describing the HIV care path; 2) Defining an HIV outcome indicator set; 3) Building an enabling information technology platform; 4) Integrating care delivery across separate facilities; 5) Moving to bundled payments for care cycles and 6) Expanding excellent services and interventions for improvement across geographic boundaries. Results : The following set of 9 outcome indicators was developed: undetectable HIV load within the first year of care; quality of life within the first year of care; mortality within the first year of care; retention in care; therapy effectiveness; therapy tolerance; cardiovascular risk; quality of life for every subsequent year and overall annual mortality. These indicators, which were evaluated retrospectively, are shown in figures 1-5. Collection of the underlying data started in January 2016. The HIV care path was also integrated into the electronic file system. Creation of the ability to monitor outcome indicators at patient level, population level and process level allowed us to implement a quality cycle (plan-do-study-act). Conclusion : Our Value-Based HIV Care approach facilitated structured evaluation of parameters that are of value to the patient. It also boosted the quality of the HIV care that we provide and allowed us to increase the number of patients to whom we can offer high quality HIV care.
‘A Cross Sectional Survey of Sociodemographic Characteristics, Primary Care Health Needs and Living Conditions of Asylum-Seekers Living in a Greek Reception Centre.’
Authors: Gordon Anna Clare Talitha , O-Brien Conor T , Balen Julie , Duncombe Stephanie , Girma Albane , Mitchell Caroline
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIn 2019, a migrant camp on the Greek island of Samos designed for 650 people was home to over 5500. Migration rates from conflict zones remain high. We aimed to quantitatively describe demographics, living conditions and health needs in the reception centre community of Samos, Greece.MethodsA questionnaire was designed with reference to international humanitarian standards for reception centre following a consultative process with representatives of the asylum-seeker population. Domains assessed included demographics; living conditions; safety/vulnerability; and health. The questionnaire was piloted and then following feedback from participants, conducted in June 2019 on a sample of 500 asylum seekers attending Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) centres supporting the Samos reception centre. Results500 participants: 60.6% male, 35.0% female and 4.4% did not report gender. 79.4% lived in tents. Respondents were predominantly from Afghanistan and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Respondents reported a total of 570 children in their care. 20.6% of women were pregnant. 35.4% had experienced physical violence; 7.8% reported Sexual/ Gender-based violence (SGBV). 83% reported psychological distress, 71% skin disease, 66% diarrhoea and vomiting and 64% respiratory disease. Accommodation, sanitation, and nutrition fell below internationally recognised standards, and poor access to water was significantly associated (p < 0.001) with respiratory disease, diarrhoea and vomiting, skin disease and psychological distress. ConclusionLiving conditions in the over-burdened Samos camp fall far below accepted basic humanitarian standards and are associated with overall poor health status in the camp population. Further research is imperative to analyse and monitor the diverse, varying needs of asylum-seekers in the Greek island hotspots and inform policies to improve conditions.
Effects of Ferula on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Fatemeh Ghavi , Abdolahian Somayeh , Fatemeh Shakeri
Published: December 2020

BackgroundPolycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive aged women. As a result of side effect of pharmaceutical medications women are interested in using alternative medicines to treat. To determine the comparative effects of Ferula assa-foetida on androgenic hormone levels and ovarian features in patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). MethodsIn this triple-blinded controlled clinical trial, 34 student participants were randomly divided in two groups. Intervention group received 100 mg of oleo-gum resin of Ferula assa- foetida, control group received oral paraffin (Placebo) twice daily for 3 months. The efficacy of this herbal medicines was measured after the 3-month intervention. Hormonal assay for evaluating Testosterone, DEHAS, Prolactin, TSH, FSH, LH levels and also trans abdominal ultrasound for evaluating ovarian volumes, number of follicles of both ovaries, and endometrial thickness. Were measured before and after the study. ResultsIn this study, significant changes in DEHAS and TSH level were observed (p value<0.03). The greatest reduction in the number of ovarian follicles was reported in the Ferula group (p value <0.00). ConclusionUse of Ferula assa-foetida can be effected in decrease of DHEAS, TSH levels, and ovarian follicles number in young girls with PCOS.Trial registrationthe Iranian Randomized Clinical Trial (IRCT2016040427207N1).url: https://www.irct.ir/trial/22343
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Trastuzumab Emtansine as Second-Line Therapy for HER2 Positive Breast Cancer in China
Authors: Zhang Huahua , Zhang Yandong , Huang Chaonan , Wang Jiangfeng
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) as the second-line treatment for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) positive breast cancer from the Chinese healthcare perspective. Capecitabine (Cap), capecitabine + lapatinib (Cap+Lap), capecitabine + trastuzumab (Cap+Tra), capecitabine + trastuzumab + pertuzumab (Cap+Tra+Pre) were selected as comparators.MethodsA three-state Markov simulation model was performed. The state transition probabilities were estimated based on the results of a published network meta-analysis, and utilities were derived from the published literature. The costs populated in the model were acquired from the local charge or previously published studies. Univariate sensitive analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results.ResultsTreatment with T-DM1 was estimated to increase the cost by $109,683.7, $106,003.7, $94,212.2, and $63,214.9, and yield a gain of 0.544 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), 0.383 QALYs, 0.367 QALYs, 0.087 QALYs in comparison with Cap, Cap+Lap, Cap+Tra, and Cap+Tra+Pre, respectively. Corresponding incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were $201,624.4, $276,772.1, $256,709.0, and $726,608.0 per QALY. The probabilities of T-DM1 as the dominant option were 0% at the WTP threshold of $30,829.3/QALY.Conclusions﻿T-DM1, as second-line therapy in the treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer, is not a cost-effective option in China. Given the significant clinical efficacy, an appropriate price reduction of T-DM1 is required to benefit more HER2 positive breast cancer patients.
Implementing a TeamSTEPPS® Team-training Program in a Bachelor of Nursing Education to Enhance Teamwork Attitudes and Skills
Authors: Karlsen Tore , Hall-Lord Marie Louise , Wangensteen Sigrid , Stomlien Tone , Storlien Marit Helene Sund , Ballangrud Randi
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to describe the implementation process of the TeamSTEPPS® intervention in the education of Bachelor of Nursing students Results. The Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS®) program was implemented in three phases according to an implementation plan built on seven of Kotter’s eight-step model for leading change. The first phase consisted of establishing a sense of urgency to implement team training in the education program, establishing a change team and creating a vision and plan for implementation of the program as well as providing information and training for faculty. The second phase consisted of the various team training activity as lectures, videos, and posters in the simulation environment and learning platform that were introduced to students. The goal of the third phase was to consolidate the teamwork skills for retention and to challenge students to use the teamwork skills in more complex situations. The trial registration number is ISRCTN 19311225. The trial was registered retrospectively, with the registration date May 28, 2020.