bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Key Parameters in the Design of CO2 Miscible Injection via the Application of Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Hamadi Mohamed , El Mehadji Tayeb , Laalam Aimen , Zeraibi Noureddine , Tomomewo Olusegun Stanley , Ouadi Habib , Dehdouh Abdesselem
Published: July 2023

The accurate determination of key parameters, including the CO2-hydrocarbon solubility ratio (Rs), interfacial tension (IFT), and minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), is vital for the success of CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) projects. This study presents a robust machine learning framework that leverages deep neural networks (MLP-Adam), support vector regression (SVR-RBF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithms to obtained accurate predictions of these critical parameters. The models are developed and validated using a comprehensive database compiled from previously published studies. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of various factors influencing the Rs, IFT, and MMP is conducted to enhance our understanding of their impacts. Compared to existing correlations and alternative machine learning models, our proposed framework not only exhibits lower calculation errors but also provides enhanced insights into the relationships among the influencing factors. The performance evaluation of the models using statistical indicators revealed impressive coefficients of determination of unseen data (0.9807 for dead oil solubility, 0.9835 for live oil solubility, 0.9931 for CO2-n-Alkane interfacial tension, and 0.9648 for minimum miscibility pressure). One notable advantage of our models is their ability to predict values while accommodating a wide range of inputs swiftly and accurately beyond the limitations of common correlations. The dataset employed in our study encompasses diverse data, spanning from heptane (C7) to eicosane (C20) in the IFT dataset, and MMP values ranging from 870 psi to 5500 psi, covering the entire application range of CO2-EOR. This innovative and robust approach presents a powerful tool for predicting crucial parameters in CO2-EOR projects, delivering superior accuracy, speed, and data diversity compared to those of the existing methods.
Exploring Lactobacillus plantarum on Fermentation Quality, Gas Emissions, and In Vitro Digestibility of Different Varieties of Litchi Leaves Silage
Authors: Chen Dandan , Zhou Yuxin , Yang Dan , Zhou Wei , Chen Xiaoyang , Zhang Qing
Published: July 2023

To investigate the feasibility of developing litchi leaves as silage, we determined the fermentation quality of four varieties of litchi leaves (including “Wanpu”, “Wuyejiu”, “Tongzai” and “Zhuangyuanhong”) ensiled with or without Lactobacillus plantarum on day 3, 7, 14 and 30. The in vitro dry matter digestibility and gas production of litchi leaves silages were also determined after 30 days of ensiling. The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum significantly reduced pH value (p < 0.01), inhibited coliform bacteria, and reduced the production of ammonia nitrogen (p < 0.01) in all the four kinds of litchi leaves silage. Moreover, Lactobacillus plantarum treated litchi leaves (“Wanpu” and “Zhuangyuanhong”) had lower yeasts than the untreated litchi leaves during ensiling. The number of molds in Lactobacillus plantarum treated groups (“Tongzai” and “Zhuangyuanhong”) was below the detected level after 30 days ensiling, which was lower than that of the untreated groups. The addition of Lactobacillus plantarum also contributed to improving IVDMD and markedly reduced (p < 0.01) gas production of all litchi leaves silages. Conclusions: Lactobacillus plantarum can improve the fermentation quality and in vitro digestion characteristics of litchi leaves silage. Developing litchi leaves as silage material is a feasible way to recycle litchi leaves.
The Role of FinTech in Sustainable Healthcare Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Review
Authors: Cambaza Edgar
Published: July 2023

This narrative review explores the potential of FinTech in promoting sustainable healthcare development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focusing on the role of blockchain, crowdfunding, digital payments, and machine learning. The review also highlights the potential barriers to FinTech adoption in SSA, including limited access to technology, regulatory challenges, and cultural factors, and proposes potential solutions, such as capacity building and increased financial investment. Additionally, the review discusses the ethical and social implications of FinTech in healthcare development, including privacy, data security, equity, and accessibility. The main findings suggest that FinTech has the potential to significantly improve healthcare delivery and financing in SSA, particularly in the areas of information sharing, healthcare financing, and healthcare delivery models. However, addressing the barriers to FinTech adoption and mitigating the ethical and social implications will be essential to realizing the full potential of FinTech in healthcare development in the region. The review recommends future research and development in this area, and highlights the potential for FinTech to promote sustainable and equitable healthcare development in SSA.
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Circadian Rhythm Homeostasis in Pearl Gentian Grouper under Acute Hypoxia
Authors: Wu Ren-Xie , Liang Yan-Shan , Niu Su-Fang , Zhang Jing , Tang Bao-Gui , Liang Zhen-Bang
Published: July 2023

Oxygen level is an important environmental factor affecting the circadian rhythm. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism by which clock genes regulate the circadian rhythm in fish under hypoxia. To explore changes in the transcription and expression of clock genes and related molecular regulatory mechanisms in pearl gentian grouper under hypoxia, liver transcriptome data were analyzed after exposure to acute hypoxic stress (dissolved oxygen 0.5 mg/L) for 1, 3, 6, and 9 h. miR-210 and m0044-5p inhibited the expression of period3 (per3) and casein kinase 1 delta b (csnk1db) in the core loop of the circadian clock, respectively. The nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group d member 1 (nr1d1) and RAR-related orphan receptor b (rorb) genes in the auxiliary loop were jointly up-regulated by three miRNAs (miR-144-3p/5p, miR-361-5p, and miR-133) and the transcription factor nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group d member 2 (Nr1d2). The pearl gentian grouper maintains the stability of circadian clock systems and normal physiological metabolism under hypoxic stress by regulating the transcriptional expression of these genes via miRNAs and transcription factors to improve hypoxic tolerance. These findings provide important basic data for future research on hypoxic tolerance in pearl gentian grouper and provide new insights into the interaction between hypoxia and the circadian rhythm in fish.
Effects of Thiamethoxam and Fenvalerate Residue Levels on Light-Stable Isotopes of Leafy Vegetables
Authors: Qi Fang , Liu Xing , Deng Zhongsheng , Lu Yangyang , Chen Yijiao , Geng Hao , Zhang Qicai , Rao Qinxiong , Song Weiguo
Published: July 2023

Accurate identification of the rational and standardized use of pesticides is important for the sustainable development of agriculture while maintaining a high quality. The insecticides thiamethoxam and fenvalerate and the vegetables spinach, cabbage, and lettuce were used here as study objects. Descriptive analysis and primary reaction kinetic equations were used to analyze the changes in metabolic residues of the two insecticides after different numbers of application in three vegetables. The effects of pesticide residue levels on the δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, and δ18O values of vegetables were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to build discrimination models of the vegetables with different pesticide residues based on stable isotopes. The results showed that the first degradation residues of thiamethoxam and fenvalerate in spinach, cabbage, and lettuce conformed to primary reaction kinetic equations, but the degradation half-lives were long, and accumulation occurred in the second application. The differences in the four stable isotope ratios in the control group of the three vegetables were statistically significant, and two-thirds of the stable isotope ratios in the three vegetables with different numbers of pesticide applications were significantly different. The δ13C and δ15N values of spinach, the δ13C, δ15N, and δ2H values of cabbage, and the δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, and δ18O values of lettuce were significantly correlated with different residues of thiamethoxam and/or fenvalerate applications. The control groups of the three vegetables, spinach-thiamethoxam-first, spinach-thiamethoxam-second, cabbage-thiamethoxam-second, cabbage-fenvalerate-first, and lettuce-thiamethoxam-first, were fully identified by PLS-DA models, while the identification models of other vegetables containing pesticide residues still need to be further improved. The results provide technical support for identifying the rational use of pesticides in vegetables and provide a reference method for guaranteeing the authenticity of green and organic vegetables.
Volatilome Analysis and Evolution in the Headspace of Packed Refrigerated Fish
Authors: Martin Doriane , Joly Catherine , Dupas-Farrugia Coralie , Adt Isabelle , Oulahal Nadia , Degraeve Pascal
Published: July 2023

Fresh fish is a perishable food in which chemical (namely oxidation) and microbiological degradation result in undesirable odor. Non-processed fish (i.e., raw fish) is increasingly commercialized in packaging systems which are convenient for its retailing and/or which can promote an extension of its shelf-life. Compared to fish sent to its retail unpackaged, fish packaging results in a modification of the gaseous composition of the atmosphere surrounding it. These modifications of atmosphere composition may affect both chemical and microbiological degradation pathways of fish constituents and thereby the volatile organic compounds produced. In addition to monitoring Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVB-N), which is a common indicator to estimate non-processed fish freshness, analytical techniques such as gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or techniques referred to as “electronic nose” allow either the identification of the entire set of these volatile compounds (the volatilome) and/or to selectively monitor some of them, respectively. Interestingly, monitoring these volatile organic compounds along fish storage might allow the identification of early-stage markers of fish alteration. In this context, to provide relevant information for the identification of volatile markers of non-processed packaged fish quality evolution during its storage, the following items have been successively reviewed: (1) inner atmosphere gaseous composition and evolution as a function of fish packaging systems; (2) fish constituents degradation pathways and analytical methods to monitor fish degradation with a focus on volatilome analysis; and (3) the effect of different factors affecting fish preservation (temperature, inner atmosphere composition, application of hurdle technology) on volatilome composition.
Activity Changes of the Peptic Lactoferrin Hydrolysate in Human Gastric Cancer AGS Cells in Response to Cu(II) or Mn(II) Addition
Authors: Bo Li-Ying , Pan Zhi-Qin , Zhang Qiang , Song Chun-Li , Ren Jian , Zhao Xin-Huai
Published: July 2023

Lactoferrin is an interesting bioactive protein in milk and can interact with various metal ions of trace elements such as copper, iron, manganese, and others. In this study, a lactoferrin hydrolysate (LFH) was generated from commercial bovine lactoferrin by protease pepsin, fortified with Cu2+ (or Mn2+) at two levels of 0.64 and 1.28 (or 0.28 and 0.56) mg/g protein, respectively, and then measured for the resultant bioactivity changes in the well-differentiated human gastric cancer AGS cells. The assaying results indicated that the LFH and Cu/Mn-fortified products had long-term anti-proliferation on the cells, while the treated cells showed DNA fragmentation and increased apoptotic cell proportions. Regarding the control cells, the cells treated with the LFH and especially Cu/Mn-fortified LFH had remarkably up-regulated mRNA expression of caspase-3 and Bax by respective 1.21–3.23 and 2.23–2.83 folds, together with down-regulated mRNA expression Bcl-2 by 0.88–0.96 folds. Moreover, Western-blot assaying results also indicated that the cells exposed to the LFH and Cu/Mn-fortified LFH (especially Mn at higher level) for 24 h had an enhanced caspase-3 expression and increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. It can thus be concluded that the used Cu/Mn-addition to the LFH may lead to increased bioactivity in the AGS cells; to be more specific, the two metal ions at the used addition levels could endow LFH with a higher ability to cause cell apoptosis by activating caspase-3 and increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.
Teaching Systems-Thinking Concepts with Hypothetical Case Scenarios: An Exploration in Food-Systems Science Education
Authors: Sanders Catherine E. , Byrd Allison R. , Gibson Kristin E. , Golson Aaron , Lamm Kevan W. , Lamm Alexa J.
Published: July 2023

Background: The ability to solve complex challenges facing the food system is an increasingly important skill for undergraduate students entering into the global workforce. However, the curriculum tools to enhance systems thinking in the undergraduate agricultural and natural resource classroom are limited, specifically related to food systems education. Methods: The current study explored the use of hypothetical case scenarios in a teaching curriculum related to the seafood industry, in order to determine the use of these tools as a mechanism for increasing undergraduate students’ systems-thinking capacity. The mixed-method study used a survey and focus groups. Results indicated that participants’ understanding of, and capacity for, using systems thinking to reason through complex scenarios increased during the mixed-method educational intervention. Participants stated the experience helped them learn more about their own patterns of thinking, created transformational learning moments through dissonance, helped them learn about the unintended consequences of decision-making, and increased their understanding of system complexity. Conclusions: The implications of using hypothetical case scenarios in the food system education classroom are explored.
Improving Traditional Post Mortem Healthcare—The Cross-Sectional Use of Blood-Based Biomarkers
Authors: Šoša Ivan
Published: July 2023

Many tools of clinical medicine, such as clinical chemistry and diagnostic imaging, are prioritized for clinical diagnosis over post mortem diagnosis. Indeed, it is reasonable that the assessment of a patient’s functional status should take priority over the post mortem, cross-sectional use of diagnostic tests and laboratory equipment. In addition, these tools are sometimes expensive, and their use does not always have a reasonable cost–benefit ratio. However, some post mortem observations, such as inflammation, pulmonary edema, or infiltration and cerebral swelling, cannot be explained without using immunohistochemical markers for post mortem diagnosis. Introducing blood-based biomarkers into post mortem care could significantly reduce the rates of inconclusive post mortems and discrepancies in autopsy findings and clinical diagnoses. This is particularly relevant in relation to vascular pathology, considering the significant burden that vascular diseases represent for overall mortality. Expanding traditional autopsies with blood-based (circulating) biomarkers to avoid invasive post mortem examination would have cultural, religious, and potentially economic advantages. All of the target molecules were discussed in the context of the processes they up-regulate or down-regulate, which turned out to be the final cause of death. Ultimately, it is evident that further studies are needed to provide concrete validation for using a combination of markers for each case to reach a post mortem diagnosis with or without clinical records.
Applications to Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations via Common Fixed Point on ℂ★-Algebra-Valued Bipolar Metric Spaces
Authors: Mani Gunaseelan , Gnanaprakasam Arul , Subbarayan Poornavel , Chinnachamy Subramanian , George Reny , Mitrović Zoran
Published: July 2023

In the present paper, we prove common fixed point theorems under different contractive mappings on C★-algebra-valued bipolar metric spaces. The results generalize and expand some well-known results from the literature. Examples and applications are given to strengthen our conclusion. Additionally, as an application of our results, we show that some classes of the nonlinear fractional differential equations with the boundary conditions have a unique common solution.
Probing Neutrino Production in Blazars by Millimeter VLBI
Authors: Kovalev Yuri Y. , Plavin Alexander V. , Pushkarev Alexander B. , Troitsky Sergey V.
Published: July 2023

The advancement of neutrino observatories has sparked a surge in multi-messenger astronomy. Multiple neutrino associations among blazars are reported while neutrino production sites are located within their central (sub)parsecs. Yet, many questions remain on the nature of those processes. The next generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT) is uniquely positioned for these studies, as its high frequency and resolution can probe both the accretion disk region and the parsec-scale jet. This opens up new opportunities for connecting the two regions and unraveling the proton acceleration and neutrino production in blazars. We outline observational strategies for ngEHT and highlight what it can contribute to the multi-messenger study of blazars.
Accurately Predicting Quartz Sand Thermal Conductivity Using Machine Learning and Grey-Box AI Models
Authors: Baghbani Abolfazl , Abuel-Naga Hossam , Shirkavand Danial
Published: July 2023

The thermal conductivity of materials is a crucial property with diverse applications, particularly in engineering. Understanding soil thermal conductivity is crucial for designing efficient geothermal systems, predicting soil temperatures, and assessing soil contamination. This paper aimed to predict quartz sand thermal conductivity by using four mathematical models: multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN), classification and regression random forest (CRRF), and genetic programming (GP). A grey-box AI method, GP, was used for the first time in this topic. Seven inputs affecting thermal conductivity were evaluated in the study, including sand porosity, degree of saturation, coefficient of uniformity, coefficient of curvature, mean particle size, and minimum and maximum void ratios. In predicting thermal conductivity, the MLR model performed poorly, with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.737 and a mean absolute error MAE = 0.300. Both ANN models using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and the Bayesian Regularization (BR) algorithm outperformed the MLR model with an accuracy of R2 = 0.916 and an error of MAE = 0.151. In addition, the CRRF model had the best accuracy of R2 = 0.993 and MAE = 0.045. In addition, GP showed acceptable performance in predicting sand thermal conductivity. The R2 and MAE values of GP were 0.986 and 0.063, respectively. This paper presents the best GP equation for evaluating other databases. Additionally, the porosity and saturation of the sand were found to have the greatest impact on the model results, while coefficients of curvature and uniformity had the least influence. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that grey-box artificial intelligence models can be used to accurately predict quartz sand thermal conductivity.
Knowledge, Use and Attitude of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Graduate Nursing Students: A Correlational Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Cruz-Barrientos Alberto , Carmona-Barrientos Ines , De-la-Fuente-Rodriguez Jose Manuel , Perez-Cabezas Veronica , Gonzalez-Medina Gloria , Sainz-Otero Ana Maria
Published: July 2023

Education in the XXI century is called to move forward in the right direction and to gain momentum to face diverse challenges and take opportunities offered by the knowledge that is inherent in society. Therefore, it can be postulated that there must be a close relationship between learning, the generation of knowledge, continuous innovation and the use of new technologies. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among a sample of 242 first year and second year Cadiz University nursing students, using the validated Learning and Study Strategies Inventory questionnaire to assess motivation and the Relationship between Learning Styles and Information and Communication Technologies questionnaire to assess knowledge, use and attitude. The predominant profile type of nursing degree students was women under 21 years old, who were single and exclusively dedicated to their studies. In addition, they showed positive motivation in relation to learning while facing adversity (between 76% and 76.6%). Regarding the level of knowledge, use and attitude towards ICTs, most of the considered items presented high values. For some questions, age was proven to be a sociodemographic variable that influenced both the motivation and attitude of the students. The level of knowledge, use and attitude that students have regarding ICTs are good when we refer to communication technologies, interpersonal relationships or basic programs. However, they are low when considering programs related to education or learning.
Physical Activity Protocols in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials and Animal Models
Authors: Barrón-Cabrera Elisa , Soria-Rodríguez Raúl , Amador-Lara Fernando , Martínez-López Erika
Published: July 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with other metabolic disease and cardiovascular disease. Regular exercise reduces hepatic fat content and could be the first-line treatment in the management of NAFLD. This review aims to summarize the current evidence of the beneficial effects of exercise training and identify the molecular pathways involved in the response to exercise to define their role in the resolution of NAFLD both in animal and human studies. According to the inclusion criteria, 43 animal studies and 14 RCTs were included in this systematic review. Several exercise modalities were demonstrated to have a positive effect on liver function. Physical activity showed a strong association with improvement in inflammation, and reduction in steatohepatitis and fibrosis in experimental models. Furthermore, both aerobic and resistance exercise in human studies were demonstrated to reduce liver fat, and to improve insulin resistance and blood lipids, regardless of weight loss, although aerobic exercises may be more effective. Resistance exercise is more feasible for patients with NAFLD with poor cardiorespiratory fitness. More effort and awareness should be dedicated to encouraging NAFLD patients to adopt an active lifestyle and benefit from it its effects in order to reduce this growing public health problem.
A Study on the Impact of Chinese Domestic Tourists’ Participation on Their Post-Travel Behaviors in Traditional Chinese Villages
Authors: Lei Jun , Suntrayuth Sid
Published: July 2023

According to attitude–behavior theory, the emotions generated by tourists’ travel experiences can influence their subsequent behavioral intentions. This quantitative study analyzed 398 survey questionnaires using a structural equation model to explore the multiple chain mediating effects between tourists’ participation, perceived value, place attachment, and loyalty. The results show that the innovation and interaction dimensions of tourist participation significantly influence the generation of perceived value and place attachment, which is far greater than that of the information exchange dimension. Perceived value significantly affects the formation of place attachment, and the self-enhancement dimension of perceived value significantly influences tourists’ recommendations. Compared to ordinary perceived value, the emotional connection between tourists and the destination is more profound and important, and place attachment plays a crucial role in the formation of tourists’ loyalty. This study confirms the relevance of the attitude–behavior theory in the context of traditional village tourism and extends the theory’s application to encompass the emotional connection between individuals and places. It thoroughly investigates the mechanisms through which tourists’ participation, perceived value, and place attachment impact customer loyalty. The findings of this research hold significant importance in comprehending tourists’ behavioral intention and decision-making processes within destination settings, providing a theoretical basis for exploring and expanding diverse value activities in traditional village tourism.
Integrated Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis of Painted Fresco Surfaces Using Terahertz Time-Domain Technique
Authors: Artesani Alessia , Abate Francesco , Lamuraglia Raffaella , Baldo Maria Antonietta , Menegazzo Federica , Traviglia Arianna
Published: July 2023

Terahertz time-domain (THz-TD) imaging plays an increasingly significant role in the study of solid-state materials by enabling the simultaneous extraction of spectroscopic composition and surface topography in the far-infrared region (3–300 cm−1). However, when applied to works of art in reflection configuration, significant challenges arise, including weak signal intensity, multiple signal losses, and surface distortion. This study proposes a practical solution to overcome these limitations and conducts an integrated imaging and spectroscopic analysis on painted fresco surfaces, allowing for the retrieval of surface thicknesses, material distribution, and pigment spectroscopic signals. The study addresses the issue of surface geometrical distortion, which hampers the accurate determination of the THz phase signal. By tackling this challenge, this work successfully determines the absorption coefficient for each point on the surface and retrieves spectroscopic signatures. Additionally, the temporal deconvolution technique is employed to separate different layers of the sample and differentiate between outer and inner surface topography. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the advantages and limitations of THz-TD imaging in determining surface thicknesses, material distribution, and pigment spectroscopic signals. The results obtained highlight the potential of THz-TD imaging in investigating painted works of art, offering new possibilities for routine analysis in the field of cultural heritage preservation.
Development and Validation of the Marburg Self-Regulation Questionnaire for Teachers (MSR-T)
Authors: Li Sanchez Kira , Schwinger Malte
Published: July 2023

This study presents the development and validation of a new measurement tool, the Marburg Self-regulation Questionnaire for Teachers (MSR-T). The questionnaire measures the self-regulatory processes of planning, monitoring and reflection in teacher-relevant contexts and aims to help assess and understand teachers’ self-regulatory skills in a broader context. In order to provide a reliable and valid instrument, an integrative framework model was developed and items were generated. In two online studies (N = 255; N = 356) involving German-speaking (trainee) teachers and student teachers, the psychometric properties were examined and the items were revised after conducting confirmatory factor analysis. Further, discriminant and convergent validity was examined by administering our scale along with indicators of professional restraint, self-efficacy and other constructs that are related to self-regulation. The MSR-T encompasses 27 items and showed acceptable to good internal consistencies. Moreover, validity analyses indicated good convergent and discriminant validity, making it an economical yet specific tool that can be used to assess self-regulatory processes, including planning, monitoring and reflection, within a specific context. The context-unspecific wording of the questionnaire allows for transferability to other professional contexts, opening up avenues for the examination of self-regulation research in different fields.
Impact of Hot Water Pre-Treatments on the Drying Efficiency and Quality of Dates cv. Medjool
Authors: Rakesh Reddy Sanikommu Vijay , Singh Rama Shankar , Meena Ramkesh , Berwal Mukesh Kumar , Sarolia Deepak Kumar , Palpandian Preethi
Published: July 2023

Dates are considered high energy nutritional fruits as they are packed with plenty of minerals, vitamins and sugars. Among various options available for processing and value addition, dry dates are one of the best possible alternatives to convert doka/khalal stage fruit into a high value product. However, the technology for their production is limited to a few traditional date growing countries and research is limited in the countries with expanding areas. Thus, the protocol for development of dry dates was standardised and the effect of different blanching intervals (5, 10 and 15 min) on the drying and quality parameters were studied. The rate of drying, dehydration ratio and rehydration ratio were found to increase with increasing hot water dipping durations while a 10 min hot water dip was found to be best for retaining the best sensory parameters of taste, colour/appearance and flavour. The total colour difference (ΔE) was also maximal (71.10) in the date fruits exposed to a 10 min dip treatment. The reducing sugars decreased and non-reducing sugars increased with increasing hot water dipping periods while there was no significant variation in the total sugar content of the treated dates. The tannins responsible for acrid taste were also reduced to a minimum (1.43%) compared to control (2.52%) fruits. Thus, the fruits of date cv. Medjool being bulky and fibrous with more dry matter content are well suited for dry date preparation.
Impact of Exposomes on Ocular Surface Diseases
Authors: Hong Merrelynn , Tong Louis , Mehta Jodhbir S. , Ong Hon Shing
Published: July 2023

Ocular surface diseases (OSDs) are significant causes of ocular morbidity, and are often associated with chronic inflammation, redness, irritation, discomfort, and pain. In severe OSDs, loss of vision can result from ocular surface failure, characterised by limbal stem cell deficiencies, corneal vascularisation, corneal opacification, and surface keratinisation. External and internal exposomes are measures of environmental factors that individuals are exposed to, and have been increasingly studied for their impact on ocular surface diseases. External exposomes consist of external environmental factors such as dust, pollution, and stress; internal exposomes consist of the surface microbiome, gut microflora, and oxidative stress. Concerning internal exposomes, alterations in the commensal ocular surface microbiome of patients with OSDs are increasingly reported due to advancements in metagenomics using next-generation sequencing. Changes in the microbiome may be a consequence of the underlying disease processes or may have a role in the pathogenesis of OSDs. Understanding the changes in the ocular surface microbiome and the impact of various other exposomes may also help to establish the causative factors underlying ocular surface inflammation and scarring, the hallmarks of OSDs. This review provides a summary of the current evidence on exposomes in various OSDs.
Exploring the Genetic Diversity of Epstein–Barr Virus among Patients with Gastric Cancer in Southern Chile
Authors: Reyes María Elena , Zanella Louise , Riquelme Ismael , Buchegger Kurt , Mora-Lagos Bárbara , Guzmán Pablo , García Patricia , Roa Juan C. , Ili Carmen Gloria , Brebi Priscilla
Published: July 2023

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with gastric cancer (GC), one of the deadliest malignancies in Chile and the world. Little is known about Chilean EBV strains. This study aims to investigate the frequency and genetic diversity of EBV in GC in patients in southern Chile. To evaluate the prevalence of EBV in GC patients from the Chilean population, we studied 54 GC samples using the gold standard detection method of EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER). The EBV-positive samples were subjected to amplification and sequencing of the Epstein–Barr virus nuclear protein 3A (EBNA3A) gene to evaluate the genetic diversity of EBV strains circulating in southern Chile. In total, 22.2% of the GC samples were EBV-positive and significantly associated with diffuse-type histology (p = 0.003). Phylogenetic analyses identified EBV-1 and EBV-2 in the GC samples, showing genetic diversity among Chilean isolates. This work provides important information for an epidemiological follow-up of the different EBV subtypes that may cause GC in southern Chile.
Using a Dual CRISPR/Cas9 Approach to Gain Insight into the Role of LRP1B in Glioblastoma
Authors: Peixoto Joana , Príncipe Catarina , Pestana Ana , Osório Hugo , Pinto Marta Teixeira , Prazeres Hugo , Soares Paula , Lima Raquel T.
Published: July 2023

LRP1B remains one of the most altered genes in cancer, although its relevance in cancer biology is still unclear. Recent advances in gene editing techniques, particularly CRISPR/Cas9 systems, offer new opportunities to evaluate the function of large genes, such as LRP1B. Using a dual sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing approach, this study aimed to assess the impact of disrupting LRP1B in glioblastoma cell biology. Four sgRNAs were designed for the dual targeting of two LRP1B exons (1 and 85). The U87 glioblastoma (GB) cell line was transfected with CRISPR/Cas9 PX459 vectors. To assess LRP1B-gene-induced alterations and expression, PCR, Sanger DNA sequencing, and qRT-PCR were carried out. Three clones (clones B9, E6, and H7) were further evaluated. All clones presented altered cellular morphology, increased cellular and nuclear size, and changes in ploidy. Two clones (E6 and H7) showed a significant decrease in cell growth, both in vitro and in the in vivo CAM assay. Proteomic analysis of the clones’ secretome identified differentially expressed proteins that had not been previously associated with LRP1B alterations. This study demonstrates that the dual sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 strategy can effectively edit LRP1B in GB cells, providing new insights into the impact of LRP1B deletions in GBM biology.
Nitric Oxide Prevents Glioblastoma Stem Cells’ Expansion and Induces Temozolomide Sensitization
Authors: Salvatori Luisa , Malatesta Silvia , Illi Barbara , Somma Maria Patrizia , Fionda Cinzia , Stabile Helena , Fontanella Rosaria Anna , Gaetano Carlo
Published: July 2023

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has high mortality and recurrence rates. Malignancy resilience is ascribed to Glioblastoma Stem Cells (GSCs), which are resistant to Temozolomide (TMZ), the gold standard for GBM post-surgical treatment. However, Nitric Oxide (NO) has demonstrated anti-cancer efficacy in GBM cells, but its potential impact on GSCs remains unexplored. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of NO, both alone and in combination with TMZ, on patient-derived GSCs. Experimentally selected concentrations of diethylenetriamine/NO adduct and TMZ were used through a time course up to 21 days of treatment, to evaluate GSC proliferation and death, functional recovery, and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses revealed treatment-induced effects in cell cycle and DNA damage occurrence and repair. Our results showed that NO impairs self-renewal, disrupts cell-cycle progression, and expands the quiescent cells’ population. Consistently, NO triggered a significant but tolerated level of DNA damage, but not apoptosis. Interestingly, NO/TMZ cotreatment further inhibited cell cycle progression, augmented G0 cells, induced cell death, but also enhanced DNA damage repair activity. These findings suggest that, although NO administration does not eliminate GSCs, it stunts their proliferation, and makes cells susceptible to TMZ. The resulting cytostatic effect may potentially allow long-term control over the GSCs’ subpopulation.
Association of IL10RA, IL10RB, and IL22RA Polymorphisms/Haplotypes with Susceptibility to and Clinical Manifestations of SLE
Authors: Grk Milka , Miskovic Rada , Jeremic Ivica , Basaric Milica , Dusanovic Pjevic Marija , Jekic Biljana , Miljanovic Danijela , Lazarevic Ivana , Despotovic Aleksa , Cirkovic Andja , Banko Ana
Published: July 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding IL10RA, IL10RB, and IL22RA could affect their expression or function and disrupt immune homeostasis. We aimed to analyze the associations of IL10RA, IL10RB, and IL22RA polymorphisms/haplotypes with patients’ susceptibility to and clinical manifestations of SLE. Our study included 103 SLE patients and 99 healthy controls. The genotypes of the selected polymorphisms within IL10RA (rs10892202, rs4252270, rs3135932, rs2228055, rs2229113, and rs9610), IL10RB (rs999788, rs2834167, and rs1058867), and IL22RA (rs3795299 and rs16829204) genes were determined by TaqMan® Assays. IL10RB rs1058867 G allele carriers were significantly more frequent among the controls than among the SLE patients (76.8% vs. 61.2%; p = 0.017, OR = 0.477, 95% CI: 0.258–0.879). The IL10RB CAA haplotype was more frequent among the SLE patients than in the control group (42.7% vs. 30.7%; p = 0.027). The IL22RA rs3795299 C allele and rs16829204 CC genotype were associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis in the SLE patients (n = 103; p = 0.002 and p = 0.026, respectively), and in all the included participants (n = 202, p < 0.000 and p = 0.007, respectively), and the IL22RA CC haplotype was more frequent in the SLE patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (p = 0.047) and in the overall participants with Hashimoto thyroiditis (n = 32, p = 0.004). The IL10RA, IL10RB, and IL22RA polymorphisms/haplotypes could be associated with SLE susceptibility and various clinical manifestations, and the IL22RA CC haplotype could be associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis.
Resveratrol May Reduce the Degree of Periodontitis by Regulating ERK Pathway in Gingival-Derived MSCs
Authors: Jiang Han , Ni Jia , Hu Longshuang , Xiang Zichao , Zeng Jincheng , Shi Jiejun , Chen Qianming , Li Wen
Published: July 2023

Gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have strong self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties and are expected to be applied in anti-inflammatory and tissue regeneration. However, achieving the goal of using endogenous stem cells to treat diseases and even regenerate tissues remains a challenge. Resveratrol is a natural compound with multiple biological activities that can regulate stem cell immunomodulation when acting on them. This study found that resveratrol can reduce inflammation in human gingival tissue and upregulate the stemness of GMSCs in human gingiva. In cell experiments, it was found that resveratrol can reduce the expression of TLR4, TNFα, and NFκB and activate ERK/Wnt crosstalk, thereby alleviating inflammation, promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation ability of GMSCs, and enhancing their immunomodulation. These results provide a new theoretical basis for the application of resveratrol to activate endogenous stem cells in the treatment of diseases in the future.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression Is Associated with the Absence of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Lejeune Marylène , Reverté Laia , Gallardo Noèlia , Sauras Esther , Bosch Ramon , Mata Daniel , Roso Albert , Petit Anna , Peg Vicente , Riu Francisco , García-Fontgivell Joan , Relea Fernanda , Vieites Begoña , de la Cruz-Merino Luis , Arenas Meritxell , Rodriguez Valeri , Galera Juana , Korzynska Anna , Plancoulaine Benoît , Álvaro Tomás , López Carlos
Published: July 2023

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is particularly challenging due to the weak or absent response to therapeutics and its poor prognosis. The effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response is strongly influenced by changes in elements of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This work aimed to characterize the residual TME composition in 96 TNBC patients using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques and evaluate its prognostic implications for partial responders vs. non-responders. Compared with non-responders, partial responders containing higher levels of CD83+ mature dendritic cells, FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, and IL-15 expression but lower CD138+ cell concentration exhibited better OS and RFS. However, along with tumor diameter and positive nodal status at diagnosis, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in the residual TME was identified as an independent factor associated with the impaired response to NAC. This study yields new insights into the key components of the residual tumor bed, such as MMP-9, which is strictly associated with the lack of a pathological response to NAC. This knowledge might help early identification of TNBC patients less likely to respond to NAC and allow the establishment of new therapeutic targets.
Potential Role of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Cognitive Decline and Dementia in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Pelle Maria Chiara , Zaffina Isabella , Giofrè Federica , Pujia Roberta , Arturi Franco
Published: July 2023

Dementia is a permanent illness characterized by mental instability, memory loss, and cognitive decline. Many studies have demonstrated an association between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction that proceeds in three steps, namely, diabetes-associated cognitive decrements, mild cognitive impairment (MCI; both non-amnesic MCI and amnesic MCI), and dementia [both vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)]. Based on this association, this disease has been designated as type 3 diabetes mellitus. The underlying mechanisms comprise insulin resistance, inflammation, lipid abnormalities, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, glycated end-products and autophagy. Moreover, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been demonstrated to be involved. Insulin in the brain has a neuroprotective role that alters cognitive skills and alteration of insulin signaling determines beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, in turn promoting brain insulin resistance. In this complex mechanism, other triggers include hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines, which result in neuroinflammation, suggesting that antidiabetic drugs may be potential treatments to protect against AD. Among these, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are the most attractive antidiabetic drugs due to their actions on synaptic plasticity, cognition and cell survival. The present review summarizes the significant data concerning the underlying pathophysiological and pharmacological mechanisms between diabetes and dementia.
When Should We Adopt EUS-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors?
Authors: Marasco Matteo , Galasso Domenico , Larghi Alberto , Panzuto Francesco
Published: July 2023

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) are rare and heterogeneous diseases that account for less than 2% of all cases of pancreatic cancer and only 30% of digestive neuroendocrine neoplasia, even if their incidence and prevalence continue to rise globally [...]
Minimally Invasive Hepatectomy for Liver Tumors: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Ng Kelvin K. C.
Published: July 2023

With advancements in minimally invasive (MIS) technology and techniques, MIS hepatectomy has evolved as an effective treatment for both benign and malignant liver tumors [...]
Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI), Disease Severity, and Mortality in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zinellu Angelo , Paliogiannis Panagiotis , Mangoni Arduino A.
Published: July 2023

Combined indices of different haematological cell types appear to be particularly promising for investigating the link between systemic inflammation and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), an emerging index derived from neutrophil, monocyte, platelet, and lymphocyte counts, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with different disease severity and survival status. We searched electronic databases between the 1st of December 2019 and the 10th of June 2023 and assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence. In 13 studies, severe disease/death was associated with significantly higher AISI values on admission vs. non-severe disease/survival (standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.68, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.97, p < 0.001). The AISI was also significantly associated with severe disease/death in five studies reporting odds ratios (4.39, 95% CI 2.12 to 9.06, p ˂ 0.001), but not in three studies reporting hazard ratios (HR = 1.000, 95% CI 0.999 to 1.002, p = 0.39). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve values for severe disease/death were 0.66 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.73), 0.78 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.83), and 0.79 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.83), respectively. Our study has shown that the AISI on admission can effectively discriminate between patients with different disease severity and survival outcome (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023438025).
Drug Retention Rates and the Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Elderly Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Temmoku Jumpei , Miyata Masayuki , Suzuki Eiji , Sumichika Yuya , Saito Kenji , Yoshida Shuhei , Matsumoto Haruki , Fujita Yuya , Matsuoka Naoki , Asano Tomoyuki , Sato Shuzo , Migita Kiyoshi
Published: July 2023

Background: We examined the real-world drug retention rate and safety data of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: This study enrolled 133 RA patients (≥65 years) with sufficient clinical data who were initiated with JAKis during the study period. These patients were divided into two groups: the very elderly group (≥ 75 years) and the elderly group (65 ≤ years < 75). The drug retention rates of JAKis were compared using Kaplan–Meier curves. Results: The discontinuation rates of JAKis were as follows: lack of effectiveness 27 (20.3%), adverse events (AEs) 29 (21.8%), and remission 2 (1.5%). There was no significant difference in the overall drug retention rate between the very elderly group (≥75 years) and the elderly group. Furthermore, the overall drug retention rates of JAKis were not affected by gender, methotrexate use, and anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibody (ACPA) status. The discontinuation rates of JAKis due to AEs were comparable both in the very elderly group (≥75 years) and the elderly group (65 ≤ years < 75). Whereas chronic lung disease and hypoalbuminemia were independently associated with discontinuation rates due to AEs, the overall drug retention rates were significantly lower in patients treated with the approved dose of JAKis than in those treated with a reduced or tapered dose. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the overall drug retention rate of JAKis in very elderly patients (≥75 years) was comparable with that in elderly patients (65 ≤ years < 75). The discontinuation rates of JAKis due to AEs were also comparable both in very elderly group patients and elderly patients.