bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instructional Design
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E.
Published: September 2020

This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the details of the Levels of Inquiry Model for Physics Teaching. It helps the reader make sense of how teachers can design units and lessons that merge Levels of Inquiry Model of Physics Teaching learning sequences, student performance objectives, and learning progressions. Learning sequences ensure that intellectual process skills—critical thinking and scientific reasoning—are included in the teaching process in a systematic, comprehensive, and progressive manner. Student performance objectives help ensure that learning goals, instructional practices, and assessments are properly aligned. Learning progressions help teachers to see things from student perspectives with the goal of improving instruction. All together, these provide an extensive framework for instructional planning.
Simple Assessment
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E.
Published: September 2020

Teachers are responsible for the assessment and evaluation of student work; they need to know the difference between these two terms and understand the procedures for doing each. Assessment consists of a systematized method of collecting data for the purpose of review and comes in a variety of forms: formative and summative, formal and informal, and traditional and authentic. In contrast, evaluation is the process of determining the worth of student performance, as reflected by information gathered through student assessment.
Professional Practice and Growth
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E.
Published: September 2020

Professionals in all fields should be involved in some form of ongoing development. For high school teachers, most state re-certification programs require evidence of professional growth every few years. Professional development helps teachers to deepen their content knowledge, enhance their curriculum and instruction based on physics education research, learn and improve general teaching strategies, and build up collaborative networks. It helps teachers to become life-long learners and reflective practitioners and re-invigorates veteran teachers. New and experienced teachers alike should take advantage of professional opportunities outside of the classroom, and consider offering their own leadership to help the growth of fellow teachers.
Reptiles on the brink: identifying the Australian terrestrial snake and lizard species most at risk of extinction
Authors: Geyle Hayley M. , Tingley Reid , Amey Andrew P. , Cogger Hal , Couper Patrick J. , Cowan Mark , Craig Michael D. , Doughty Paul , Driscoll Don A. , Ellis Ryan J. , Emery Jon-Paul , Fenner Aaron , Gardner Michael G. , Garnett Stephen T. , Gillespie Graeme R. , Greenlees Matthew J. , Hoskin Conrad J. , Keogh J. Scott , Lloyd Ray , Melville Jane , McDonald Peter J. , Michael Damian R. , Mitchell Nicola J. , Sanderson Chris , Shea Glenn M. , Sumner Joanna , Wapstra Erik , Woinarski John C. Z. , Chapple David G.
Published: September 2020

Australia hosts approximately 10% of the world’s reptile species, the largest number of any country. Despite this and evidence of widespread decline, the first comprehensive assessment of the conservation status of Australian terrestrial squamates (snakes and lizards) was undertaken only recently. Here we apply structured expert elicitation to the 60 species assessed to be in the highest IUCN threat categories to estimate their probability of extinction by 2040. We also assessed the probability of successful reintroduction for two Extinct in the Wild (EW) Christmas Island species with trial reintroductions underway. Collation and analysis of expert opinion indicated that six species are at high risk (>50%) of becoming extinct within the next 20 years, and up to 11 species could be lost within this timeframe unless management improves. The consensus among experts was that neither of the EW species were likely to persist outside of small fenced areas without a significant increase in resources for intense threat management. The 20 most imperilled species are all restricted in range, with three occurring only on islands. The others are endemic to a single state, with 55% occurring in Queensland. Invasive species (notably weeds and introduced predators) were the most prevalent threats, followed by agriculture, natural system modifications (primarily fire) and climate change. Increased resourcing and management intervention are urgently needed to avert the impending extinction of Australia’s imperilled terrestrial reptiles.
Effect of multi-directional forging and ageing on fracture toughness of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys
Authors: Huang Tiantian , Deng Wenjie , Zhou Yujie , Cao Yanyan , Wei Chunhua , Yan Weilin
Published: September 2020

Strength, ductility and fracture toughness are the most important mechanical properties of engineering materials. In this work, an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy was subjected to multi-directional forging (MF) and ageing treatment. Microstructural evolution was studied by optical and electron microscopy and strength, ductility and fracture toughness were researched. After MF, the dislocation density was increased and the microstructure was refined. The strength and fracture toughness were increased, while the ductility was decreased sharply. Without compromising the strength, the ductility was improved significantly after ageing. The fracture toughness was increased further. The coarse and discontinuously distributed grain boundary precipitates were found to be responsible for higher fracture toughness of the fine-grained structure Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy.
The effects of glucose and fatty acids on CXCL10 expression in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Ishiuchi-Sato Yuri , Hiraiwa Erika , Shinozaki Ayaka , Nedachi Taku
Published: September 2020

Skeletal muscles produce secretory factors termed as myokines, which alter physiological functions of target tissues. We recently identified C-X-C chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) as a novel myokine, which is downregulated in response to exercise. In the present study, we investigated whether the nutritional changes affect CXCL10 expression in mouse skeletal muscle. Expression of CXCL10 was evaluated in mice fed a normal diet or a high fat diet for 10 weeks. In animals fed on HFD, Cxcl10 expression was significantly induced in fast-twitched muscles, and was accompanied by increased blood glucose and free fatty acid levels. In vitro experiments using C2C12 myotubes suggested that the increased levels of glucose and palmitic acids directly enhanced CXCL10 expression. Interestingly, the effect of palmitic acids was attenuated by palmitoleic acids. Considering its potent angiostatic activity, induction of CXCL10 by nutritional changes may contribute to the impairment of microvascular networks in skeletal muscles.
NUCKS1 promotes RAD54 activity in homologous recombination DNA repair
Authors: Maranon David G. , Sharma Neelam , Huang Yuxin , Selemenakis Platon , Wang Meiling , Altina Noelia , Zhao Weixing , Wiese Claudia
Published: September 2020

NUCKS1 (nuclear ubiquitous casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1) is a chromatin-associated, vertebrate-specific, and multifunctional protein with a role in DNA damage signaling and repair. Previously, we have shown that NUCKS1 helps maintain homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair in human cells and functions as a tumor suppressor in mice. However, the mechanisms by which NUCKS1 positively impacts these processes had remained unclear. Here, we show that NUCKS1 physically and functionally interacts with the DNA motor protein RAD54. Upon exposure of human cells to DNA-damaging agents, NUCKS1 controls the resolution of RAD54 foci. In unperturbed cells, NUCKS1 prevents RAD54’s inappropriate engagement with RAD51AP1. In vitro, NUCKS1 stimulates the ATPase activity of RAD54 and the RAD51–RAD54-mediated strand invasion step during displacement loop formation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the NUCKS1 protein is an important new regulator of the spatiotemporal events in HR.
On Schwarzschild causality in higher dimensions
Authors: Cameron Peter , Dunajski Maciej
Published: September 2020

We show that the causal properties of asymptotically flat spacetimes depend on their dimensionality: while the time-like future of any point in the past conformal infinity

I

−

contains the whole of the future conformal infinity

I

+

in (2 + 1) and (3 + 1) dimensional Schwarzschild spacetimes, this property (which we call the Penrose property) does not hold for (d + 1) dimensional Schwarzschild if d > 3. We also show that the Penrose property holds for the Kerr solution in (3 + 1) dimensions, and discuss the connection with scattering theory in the presence of positive mass.
Defects in halide perovskite semiconductors: impact on photo-physics and solar cell performance
Authors: Singh Shivam , Laxmi  , Kabra Dinesh
Published: September 2020

Imperfections such as heterogeneity at different length scales, static versus dynamic disorders, defects in the bulk, surface imperfections, grain boundaries, and interface imperfections of solution-processed hybrid metal—halide perovskite semiconductors are known to be detrimental to the solar cell performance. These imperfections influence voltage losses and charge transport by the formation of undesirable non-radiative channels. Photo-generated charge carriers recombine via these non-radiative channels and hamper the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Scientists are aiming to decode the nature of these defects by a better understanding of their origins and by developing novel engineering techniques for the passivation of defect states. In this review article, we explain the different kinds of imperfection and discuss their impact on charge carrier transport in PSCs through optical studies. Furthermore, we summarize the efforts made in the community to passivate these defect states by various kinds of additive engineering such as solvent additives, small-organic-molecule additives, potassium-ion additives, graded 3D—2D perovskite materials, etc. Finally, this review provides an insight into defect dynamics and passivation strategies that allows us to understand the nature of defects and helps in the development of future trends in passivation methods.
Planar capacitive imaging for composite delamination damage characterization
Authors: Gupta Sumit , Kim Hyungsuk (Eric) , Kim Hyonny , Loh Kenneth J
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study is to develop and validate a noncontact, nondestructive inspection and imaging method for rapidly assessing the subsurface condition of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite structures. The method works on the principle of planar electrical capacitance tomography (ECT). Unlike conventional ECT systems, electrodes are arranged on a rectangular planar surface in the form of a grid. The volume on one side of the electrode plane is interrogated with an electric field, and the mutual capacitances between the electrodes are measured. The volumetric electrical permittivity distribution of the interrogated region is then reconstructed from the measured capacitance responses. In this work, an ECT image reconstruction algorithm was implemented, and a customized planar capacitive imaging system was prototyped. First, different objects were placed near the electrode array, and the corresponding volumetric change in electrical permittivity was successfully captured. Second, the planar ECT system was employed for detecting artificially introduced subsurface defects in 3D-printed objects. Third, CFRP specimens with different sizes of single-layer delamination were fabricated and subjected to ECT interrogation. The results confirmed that the planar ECT system could detect the location and size of delamination in CFRP panels. The accuracy and resolution of the planar ECT prototype were also characterized.
Surface defect detection of machined parts based on machining texture direction
Authors: Lin Jiangang , Wang Dongxing , Tian Hongzhi , Liu Zhaocai
Published: September 2020

Compared with detecting the regular texture of fabrics and prints, the detection of the processed texture on the surface of mechanical parts is more difficult. To quickly and accurately detect defects caused by abnormal machining of the surface of metal parts, a one-shot machine-vision method based on a texture orientation histogram is proposed. An improved Mean-C local threshold method is proposed to solve the problem of difficulty in extracting surface texture. Using the minimum enclosing rectangle, the skeleton texture is extracted from the enhanced image obtained by the improved Mean-C local threshold. The statistical information from the histogram is used to pre-process the texture direction, and then a novel angle region growth method proposed in this paper is used to search the main texture cluster and the abnormal texture cluster of the part, so as to realize the product quality detection. Experimental results show that this method is highly targeted for the detection of surface texture defects caused by abnormal processing, which is equivalent to the average performance of a multi-angle illumination detection system, but much faster. This detection method has high detection efficiency, high accuracy, and strong robustness, and can meet the requirements of industrial detection.
LiMnO2@rGO nanocomposites for high‐performance lithium‐ion battery cathodes
Authors: Tian Yulan , Qiu Yunzhong , Liu Zhifang , Wei Xianwen , Cao Huaqiang
Published: September 2020

Composites of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and layered LiMnO2 (LiMnO2@rGO) were successfully synthesized and demonstrated via a one-pot hydrothermal route at a temperature of 200 °C for 12 h. The obtained LiMnO2@rGO was characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra and Raman spectra. Electrochemical performance tests of LiMnO2@rGO and LiMnO2 cathodes exhibited that after graphene oxide was loaded, the discharge capacity and cycling performance were greatly improved, the maximum discharge capacity reached 185.6 mAh g−1 at the current density of 100 mA g−1 with retention capacity higher than 80% even after 100 cycles between 2 and 4.5 V vs. Li+/Li, which is much better than most previous reports (table S1). The principles of the corresponding phenomenon were fully explained by the low electron conductivity, high structural stability and lithium diffusion coefficient of LiMnO2@rGO, which was also proved by cyclic voltammetry testing, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and relevant equivalent circuit fitting. This work not only provides significant insights into the relationship between the structure and electrochemical performance of electrodes, but also shows the great potential of LiMnO2@rGO composite electrodes applied as the cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries.
Limiting tumor cells comprehensively at micro and macro levels to improve the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Binghua , Sun Lulu , Zhao Jing , An Jingyi , Jin Yajie , Yang Xinwei , Li Haixia , Zhang Hongling , Zhang Zhenzhong , Youmei A
Published: September 2020

Clinical data shows that antitumor treatments are often ineffective if tumor cells have metastasized. To gain an effective antitumor therapeutic effect, in this report, the tumor cell was limited to the primary site and simultaneously ablated by chemotherapy. Considering the extremely complicated process of cancer metastasis, we seek to comprehensively suppress tumor metastases at both micro and macro levels, which closely link to migration and interact with each other. At the micro level, the motility of the tumor cell was decreased via accelerating mitochondria fusion. At the macro level, the unfavorable hypoxia environment was improved. A liposome-based multifunctional nanomedicine was designed by coloading latrunculin B (LAT-B), an inhibitor of actin polymerization, and doxorubicin (DOX) into the hydrophobic bilayers and aqueous cavity, respectively. Meanwhile, an oxygen reservoir named perfluoropentane (PFP) was encapsulated into the liposome core to fulfill synergistic treatment of metastatic tumors. In this paper, we demonstrated that the metastasis of the tumor cell could be effectively inhibited by LAT-B through promoting mitochondria fusion without affecting its function, making it as an encouraging candidate for effective anti-metastasis therapy. Meanwhile, we found that the combination of LAT-B and DOX shows a synergistic effect against tumors because the combined effect of these two drugs cover the entire cell proliferation process. In a word, this report presents a potential improvement in the treatment of metastatic cancer.
Lateral and flexural thermal transport in stanene/2D-SiC van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Ahammed Shihab , Islam Md Sherajul , Mia Imon , Park Jeongwon
Published: September 2020

Thermal management is one of the key challenges in nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices. The development of a van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) using the vertical positioning of different two-dimensional (2D) materials has recently appeared as a promising way of attaining desirable electrical, optical, and thermal properties. Here, we explore the lateral and flexural thermal conductivity of stanene/2D-SiC vdWH utilizing the reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation and transient pump-probe technique. The effects of length, area, coupling strength and temperature on the thermal transport are studied systematically. The projected lateral thermal conductivity of a stanene/2D-SiC hetero-bilayer is found to be 66.67

 

W

 

m

−
1

K

−
1

, which is greater than stanene, silicene, germanene, MoSe2 and even higher than some hetero-bilayers, including MoS2/MoSe2 and stanene/silicene. The lateral thermal conductivity increases as the length increases, while it tends to decrease with increasing temperature. The computed flexural interfacial thermal resistance between stanene and 2D-SiC is 3.0622

×

10

−
7

K.m2 W−1, which is close to other 2D hetero-bilayers. The interfacial resistance between stanene and 2D-SiC is reduced by 70.49% and 50.118% as the temperature increases from 100 K to 600 K and the coupling factor increases from

χ

=
0.5

to

χ

=
5

, respectively. In addition, various phonon modes are evaluated to disclose the fundamental mechanisms of thermal transport in the lateral and flexural direction of the hetero-bilayer. These results are important in order to understand the heat transport phenomena of stanene/2D-SiC vdWH, which could be useful for enhancing their promising applications.
Experimental quantum decoherence control by dark states of the environment
Authors: Stárek Robert , Mičuda Michal , Straka Ivo , Nováková Martina , Dušek Miloslav , Ježek Miroslav , Fiurášek Jaromír , Filip Radim
Published: September 2020

Coherent interaction of a quantum system with environment usually induces quantum decoherence. However, remarkably, in certain configurations the coherent system–environment coupling can be simultaneously explored to engineer a specific dark state of the environment that eliminates the decoherence. Here we report on experimental demonstration of such protocol for suppression of quantum decoherence by quantum decoherence itself. The protocol is based on indirect control of the environment via quantum measurements on quantum probes interacting with the environment prior to the system that should be protected. No direct manipulation with the environment is required to suppress the decoherence. In our proof-of-principle experiment, we demonstrate protection of a single qubit coupled to another single qubit. We implement the required quantum circuits with linear optics and single photons, which allows us to maintain very high degree of control and flexibility in the experiment. Our results clearly confirm the decoherence suppression achieved by the protocol and pave the way to its application to other physical platforms.
Numerical variational solution of hydrogen molecule and ions using one-dimensional hydrogen as basis functions
Authors: Sarwono Yanoar Pribadi , Ur Rahman Faiz , Zhang Ruiqin
Published: September 2020

The ground state solution of hydrogen molecule and ions are numerically obtained as an application of our scheme to solve many-electron multi-center potential Schrödinger equation by using one-dimensional hydrogen wavefunctions as basis functions. The all-electron sparse Hamiltonian matrix for the given system is generated with the standard order finite-difference method, then the electronic trial wavefunction to describe the ground state is constructed based on the molecular orbital treatment, and finally an effective and accurate iteration process is implemented to systematically improve the result. Many problems associated with the evaluation of the matrix elements of the Hamiltonian in more general basis and potential are circumvented. Compared with the standard results, the variationally obtained energy of H2
+ is within 0.1 mhartree accuracy, while that of H2 and H3
+ include the electron correlation effect. The equilibrium bond length is highly consistent with the accurate results and the virial theorem is satisfied to an accuracy of −V/T = 2.0.
Exploration of youth knowledge and perceptions of individual-level climate mitigation action
Authors: Pickering Gary J , Schoen Kaylee , Botta Marta , Fazio Xavier
Published: September 2020

The current climate crisis necessitates effective mitigation action across all scales, including behaviours and lifestyle decisions at the individual level. Youth need to align lifestyle with the 2.1 tonnes of CO2emissions per person per year required by 2050 to prevent the worse impacts of climate change (CC), yet little is known regarding their preparedness to act nor knowledge of the efficacy of the personal actions available to them. The main objectives of this study were to determine in a representative sample of 17–18 year old Canadians (n= 487) their: (1) beliefs around whether their activities or lifestyle choices can help to lessen CC, and (2) knowledge of the efficacy of individual-level behaviours in reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GGE). Results from the online survey (Likert scale) show that youth have limited confidence in how well their schooling has prepared them for CC and mitigation. However, the majority (88%) believe that their activities and lifestyle choices can help in mitigating CC. Knowledge of the relative efficacy of GGE-reducing actions was generally poor (Wilcoxon signed rank tests and open-ended responses) with, for instance, recycling overestimated and having one fewer child underestimated, suggesting that youth are not well equipped with the requisite knowledge to maximise CC mitigation through their personal choices. Our findings inform high school curricula and CC education and policy more broadly.
Spatial mapping of VOC exhalation by means of bronchoscopic sampling
Authors: Fuchs Patricia , Trautner Markus , Saß Radost , Kamysek Svend , Miekisch Wolfram , Bier Andrea , Stoll Paul , Schubert Jochen K
Published: September 2020

Breath analysis holds promise for non-invasivein vivomonitoring of disease related processes. However, physiological parameters may considerably affect profiles of exhaled volatile organic substances (VOCs). Volatile substances can be released via alveoli, bronchial mucosa or from the upper airways. The aim of this study was the systematic investigation of the influence of different sampling sites in the respiratory tract on VOC concentration profiles by means of a novel experimental setup.

After ethical approval, breath samples were collected from 25 patients undergoing bronchoscopy for endobronchial ultrasound or bronchoscopic lung volume reduction from different sites in the airways. All patients had total intravenous anaesthesia under pressure-controlled ventilation. If necessary, respiratory parameters were adjusted to keep PETCO2= 35–45 mm Hg. 30 ml gas were withdrawn at six sampling sites by means of gastight glass syringes: S1 = Room air, S2 = Inspiration, S3 = Endotracheal tube, S4 = Trachea, S5 = Right B6 segment, S6 = Left B6 segment (S4–S6 through the bronchoscope channel). 10 ml were used for VOC analysis, 20 ml for PCO2determination. Samples were preconcentrated by solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). PCO2was determined in a conventional blood gas analyser.

Statistically significant differences in substance concentrations for acetone, isoprene, 2-methyl-pentane and n-hexane could be observed between different sampling sites. Increasing substance concentrations were determined for acetone (15.3%), 2-methyl-pentane (11.4%) and n-hexane (19.3%) when passing from distal to proximal sampling sites. In contrast, isoprene concentrations decreased by 9.9% from proximal to more distal sampling sites. Blank bronchoscope measurements did not show any contaminations.

Increased substance concentrations in the proximal respiratory tract may be explained through substance excretion from bronchial mucosa while decreased concentrations could result from absorption or reaction processes. Spatial mapping of VOC profiles can provide novel insights into substance specific exhalation kinetics and mechanisms.
Modeling of mechanized cutting of fruit trees
Authors: Aphudov T M
Published: September 2020

In the complex of agrotechnical measures for garden care, cutting is one of the most effective methods of stimulating plants. With the help of cutting, crowns of young plants are formed, during the period of increasing aging, the crown is rejuvenated to restore growth, increase productivity and quality of fruits. In the practice of gardening, thickened plantings are widely introduced, in which the number of plants per unit area is significantly increased. In growing fruit trees in a row close together. In such plantings, the crowns are formed with one, maximum two branching orders. This makes it possible to cut the crowns of trees from above or from the sides in the same plane, without violating the subordination of branches. Such cutting can be carried out using machines and thus significantly reduce the amount of manual cutting, which will be reduced to removing the conductor and thinning the thickening branches in the central part of the crown. Contour cutting helps increase the productivity of pest and disease tree control units, reducing the consumption of pesticides. Machines for contour cutting the crown must provide a high-quality cut of branches with a diameter of 5 … 75 mm. Studies of national and foreign scientists have found that segmental cutting devices satisfactorily cut branches up to 20 mm in diameter, and disk-type cutting devices cut branches over 20 mm. However, in gardens, branches of different diameters occupy a very different spatial position. To significantly expand the capabilities of machines with different forms of cutting (light, heavy), fruit tree crown cutters are often equipped with interchangeable cutting devices (segment and disk). This complicates the machine, but makes it possible to use the cutting device of the most optimal type when cutting in specific conditions.
Essence and criteria for sustainable development of rural territories
Authors: Shaporova Z E , Tsvettsykh A V
Published: September 2020

At the present stage of Russia’s development, the solution of several national problems is of strategic importance: increasing the demographic potential of Russia, developing agricultural production to diversify the economy, and effectively implementing the country’s agricultural potential to strengthen food security. The solution of these problems is impossible without ensuring sustainable development of Russian rural territories. The actuality and practical significance of solving this problem determined the need to set and solve the following research tasks: determining the features and criteria for sustainable development of rural territories based on the concept analysis of “development”, “sustainability”, “rural territories”, and “sustainable development of rural territories”. The study made it possible to clarify the essence of the category “sustainable development of rural territories” and to highlight its features. The results of determining the features of sustainable development of rural territories allowed us to identify the composition of regulatory territories and criteria for sustainable development of rural territories. The study laid the foundation for a special system of indicators for sustainable development of rural territories.
Agro-industrial integration in modern conditions
Authors: Krasnova T G , Plotnikova T N , Dulesov A S , Karandeev D J
Published: September 2020

In the context of modern regional development strategies, much attention is paid to agriculture. Socio-economic development of most regions is impossible without active renewal by modern methods and approaches of the agricultural industry. The article discusses the integration processes of the agro-industrial complex. The information base of the study was made up of statistical materials of social and economic development of the regions of the Siberian Federal District. Economic methods of agricultural development analysis were used as research tools, as well as the method of calculating Grubel-Lloyd integration indicators. The first part of the article considers agro-industrial processes, which are the basis for improving the efficiency of the regions through the development of the agricultural industry, which is facilitated by integration processes. The second part of the article carries out calculations of integration processes and proposes an econometric approach to measuring the integration of agricultural enterprises on the basis of building ranks on the indicators of density, differentiation and interconnectedness of intraregional processes. Integration criteria of SFO regions were also calculated and justification of “necessity” and “possibility” of implementation of agro-industrial integration was fulfilled. On the basis of the presented material, qualitative reform of programs for the development of agro-industrial complexes is possible due to integration processes.
Agricultural development trends in Russia
Authors: Kolesnyak Antonina A , Polyanskaya Natalya M , Naydanova Erzhena B , Kolesnyak Igor A
Published: September 2020

A generalized assessment of the parameters of the agricultural development in Russia is given based on the analysis of the structure and dynamics of its development in the context of the federal districts of Russia on such parameters as the cost of agricultural production, the profitability of crop production, the profitability of livestock production. The most important features of the reproduction cycle in the agricultural sector are emphasized, which should be taken into account when developing regulatory measures based on a differentiated assessment of the potential of territories. The objective necessity of strengthening the regulatory impact of the government on market processes in the agricultural sector is emphasized. The primary tasks of the government to regulate agricultural development at this stage of socio-economic development of the country and its territories are updated.
Corbicula flour influence on egg production
Authors: Tsoy Z V , Adushinov D S
Published: September 2020

At present, poultry farming provides the population with such important food products as meat and eggs. The basis for the success of poultry farming is a rational feed base, since protein and mineral deficiency leads to a decrease in profitability. In the Far East, there are opportunities for using inexpensive waste from processing marine shellfish. This article presents the results of using Japanese Corbicula flour in the feeding of laying hens. Additions of marine origin have antioxidant, radioprotective activity, increase the body’s resistance to diseases, increase the immune system, and improve metabolism. So that, the purpose of our research work was to study the possibility of including these additions in poultry rations. Our research work proved that using of Corbicula Japonica had a positive effect on egg mass, egg production and finally economic indicators.
Efficiency of application of granulated organic fertilizers based on chicken manure in the cultivation of spring wheat
Authors: Zamyatin S A , Maksimova R B , Zolotareva R I , Udalova E Yu , Maksimov V A , Manishkin S G
Published: September 2020

The construction of modern poultry farms has significantly increased the proportion of bird droppings in the total production of organic fertilizers. Due to the high concentration of poultry farms on the territory of the Mari El Republic, the need has arisen to search for and scientifically sound introduction of new technologies that are not traditional for our zone of fertilizers, techniques and methods of growing crops based on agricultural biologization in order to significantly reduce the chemical load on the soil. One of the methods to improve soil fertility is the use of granular organic fertilizers based on bird droppings. We conducted studies on the use of GOF based on chicken droppings in the cultivation of spring wheat. Studies have shown that the use of granular organic fertilizers contributed to a significant increase in spring wheat yields. The highest value was observed for the option with the introduction of GOF at a dose of 400 kg/ha, and amounted to 2.18 t/ha, which is 34.6% higher than the option without fertilizers. It should be noted that the use of GOF based on bird droppings contributed to the reduction of root rot susceptibility of spring wheat, the smallest spread and development of root rot was in the variant with 400 kg/ha - 44.7% and 24.1%, which is 28.8% and 41.4% less than in the variant without fertilizers.
The theoretical and methodological aspects of the resource and raw materials growth model
Authors: Zhangorazova Zh S , Bakkuev E S , Eneeva M N , Tramova A M , Talas U M
Published: September 2020

Modern national economies are multilevel with many sectors, sub-sectors, sectors interconnected and competing. But the main thing in this kind of a pie is the value chain, which is a kind of industrial-economic-logistic communications, through which national economies interact both within themselves and without. But value chains have different lengths, and therefore bring different results. Until now, the discussion has been going on about what forms value chains, what is their nature, what mechanisms, and most importantly, is it possible to arbitrarily form value chains of any length and configuration? Practice shows that, firstly, even the most advanced national economies are not always able to form value chains of the desired length and configuration, and secondly, even if they somehow turn out to be created, they often scatter without bringing the desired result. Therefore, it is important for theorists to recognize not only the nature and character of economic (including production, logistics, etc.) value chains formation (with an appropriate set of issues related to their structure, internal mechanism, configuration, etc.), but also why they fall apart without creating the synergistic effect intended. The article suggests that there is “The resource predestination” imposed on the formation of value chains of a given configuration, length and marketability. To achieve this goal, the article combines two independent areas of economic research: the formation of value chains and the “resource curse/predestination”.
Evaluation of the dairy cattle breeding development and the population provision by the dairy products of the region with a continental climate
Authors: Kolesnyak A A , Kolesnyak A V , Kolesnyak I A , Polyanskaya N M
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of dairy cattle breeding and the provision of milk and dairy products to the population of the Republic of Buryatia, a region with a continental climate. Per capita production of milk and dairy products does not provide a level of per capita consumption. Their actual consumption is below rational norms. The resources of milk and dairy products have declined in recent years compared with 1990 almost 40% due to a significant decrease in the number of cows and their productivity. The largest share of cattle, including cows are concentrated in households when they are reduced in the public sector. Therefore, the volume of production of these products in agricultural organizations decreased by 18 times compared with the pre-reform period.
Innovative and investment activity as the basis for the formation of production potential and sustainable development of dairy cattle breeding
Authors: Gavrilova O Yu , Fedorova M A
Published: September 2020

The formation of the production potential and sustainable development of the dairy cattle breeding industry as a whole is impossible without the innovative and investment activity of business entities. The innovative activity of organizations in the agricultural sector is much lower than the average Russian level, which acts as a deterrent to the development of agriculture. As practice shows it is necessary to develop tools for forming the production potential of dairy cattle breeding on an innovative basis for the dairy cattle breeding industry. At the same time, the low level of innovation implementation is completely dependent on the low level of investment activity. In addition, the two types of activity are affected by the specifics of the dairy cattle breeding industry, in particular, the low investment attractiveness of the industry is observed as a result of the long return on funds invested in the dairy cattle breeding industry, and as a result, production modernization is proceeding at a slower rate than is claimed.
The effect of vermicomposts on tomato productivity in the conditions of Yakutia
Authors: Stepanova D I , Grigorev M F , Grigoreva A I , Dmitrieva T G
Published: September 2020

The article presents the research results of the effect of vermicompost based on horse and cattle manure on the productivity of tomatoes in Yakutia. The conducted experiments have established that only half of the manure (50%) is converted into biohumus from all processed raw materials. Fertilizing with the obtained vermicompost helps to improve the properties of greenhouse soil mixtures. It was found that fertilizers help to optimize the physical properties of soils, while increasing the microbiological activity in the soil. The vermicompost derived from horse manure in the composition of greenhouse fertile soils contributed to better development of tomato seedlings. When fertilizing with the vermicompost the best development of seedlings up to 10-30% is noted. Further increase of biofertilizers application inhibits the development of plants, reducing their biometric indicators. The experiment also studied the effect of increasing doses of vermicompost from 100 to 500 g / plant when applied locally. The efficiency of the lowest application dose of vermicompost 100 g / plant (6.2 kg / m2), which corresponds to increasing tomato productivity by 8.8%. Further increase in the rate of biofertilizers does not give a significant increase in productivity. Thus, it justifies the vermicompost application for the enrichment of the greenhouse soil and increasing tomato productivity in conditions of Yakutia.
Dynamics and structure of manufacturing bread and bakery products in the Krasnoyarsk region
Authors: Zinina O V , Dalisova N A , Olentsova J A
Published: September 2020

Small-scale retail and food stores located within walking distance accounted for no more than 9-15% of total sales in 2018. By the end of January 2019, the price of bread increased in all stores by an average of 5-7%. And although the policy of major retailers in the regional market is declared as restraining the growth of prices, the real increase in the cost, including for essential products, has already hurt the family budget of Russians. This problem is particularly acute today. This determines the relevance of the research. In the structure of manufacturing bread and bakery products in the Krasnoyarsk region, the largest volume of bread production (about 60%) according to the data of the federal state statistics service for the Krasnoyarsk region, the Republic of Khakassia and the Republic of Tuva falls on the city of Krasnoyarsk. The Krasnoyarsk region is characterized by a wide range of bakery products. More specifically this analysis is presented in the proposed article.
Analysis and prospects for the development of agribusiness: regional aspect
Authors: Yakovlev V A , Stepanova A N
Published: September 2020

The article provides the rationale that the domestic agricultural sector is a strategically important structure of the national economy, provides food, economic, environmental and energy security, contributes to the development of other industries and forms the socio-economic directions of the development of the state. A modern sign of progressive changes in agriculture of a country is the development of agribusiness. Agricultural business should be considered as the most progressive and highly effective form of joint organization of food production.
Current state and development trends of spring rape market in the agricultural sector of Krasnoyarsk krai
Authors: Dorzheev A A , Sliva M E
Published: September 2020

This article is devoted to the general survey of spring rape (colza) market in the Krasnoyarsk Krai to 2019, figures on the dynamics of crop area and average rapeseed yield in the region are presented. The main perspectives of further development of rapeseed cultivation within the territory of the region are viewed. The scheme of comprehensive processing of rape oilseeds for the enterprises of the agricultural sector in the Krasnoyarsk Krai which cultivate spring rape (colza) for seeds and produce pressed rapeseed oil is offered.
Ways to increase the adaptability of potato varieties in the North Caucasus
Authors: Likhnenko S V , Zangieva F T , Morgoev T A , Bekmurzov B V
Published: September 2020

Increase of the adaptation of potato varieties is possible due to the selection of varieties with wide ecological plasticity, resistant to late blight, viral diseases, quarantine diseases, heat and drought, which can produce high yields under changing weather conditions. Creation of varieties combining such a set of characters is possible with backcrosses. For the selection of donors, it is necessary to use stability assessments for one or another characteristic when grown in different ecological zones. Identification of stable genotypes in the early stages of selection using biophysical and physiological and genetic rapid methods helps to reduce laboratory and field surveys of the selection process. As a result of many years of work, varieties and hybrids resistant to heat, drought, were created; productive hybrids resistant to late blight and quarantine objects were identified. In the PCR laboratory of the VSC, genes for resistance to viruses and to golden potato nematodes were identified; in two hybrids, genes for resistance to golden and pale potato nematodes were identified. On the basis of mathematical calculations, environmental plasticity, homeostatic, stress resistance, and breeding value of some breeding samples have been determined.
Homeostasis-preserving paths in dogs of service breeds at the critical periods of postnatal ontogenesis
Authors: Sadykova Y R , Rodimova E V , Kornilova E A , Pastukhova L A
Published: September 2020

The effect of natural supplements such as eleutherococcus and rosehip, as well as the artificial adaptogen trekrezan for one month to feed on some functional indicators of puppies and growing up dogs of service breeds was studied. Control and experimental groups included five heads each. In Malinois puppies at the age of 6 months, the use of medicine “Eleuterococcus P” in a dosage of 35 mg twice and the medicine “Trekrezan” in a dosage of 50 mg once accelerates weight gain, improves red blood cell indicators by 20%, reduces glucose levels by 15%, alanine aminotransferase activity by 10-18%, corrects creatine kinase activity. More significant ergotropic effect manifests the medicine “Trekrezan”. The addition of shredded dried rosehip fruits in an amount of 5 g twice a day has a positive effect on the health and activity of service dogs of the German shepherd breed at the age of 1 year 2 months at coming up to maturity, softens the transition from natural to dry type of feeding, maintains stable hemostasis indicators, significantly reduces the activity of alanine aminotransferase by 22.8%, normalizes the content of phosphates in the blood serum due to their reduction by 20.3% and alkaline phosphatase by 33.6%. The main role in providing mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis during adulthood is assumed to be carotenoids and vitamin C in the composition of rosehip medicine. It is recommended to use trekrezan, eleuterococcus medicine, rosehip fruits for service dogs as components for maintaining homeostasis during sensitive periods of ontogenesis.
Gunning fog-index measurement of customer reviews of the Russian Agricultural Bank
Authors: Plotnikov A V
Published: September 2020

Before purchasing service at a bank, most consumers try to find both negative and positive reviews about this bank on the Internet at the same time. Customer reviews of the Russian Agricultural Bank - an object of research. Gunning fog-index is the primary method used in the study to determine average indices. We used the Textstat package in a Python programming language. We added a correction 0.78 factor applicable to the analysis of the text in Russian. The research results are reviews with a score of 5 points that have a lower fog-index, which allows us to talk about the difference between users.
Production of organic products as a modern factor of food security
Authors: Plotnikova S P , Kiyan T V , Mikheeva N B , Kravtsov D I
Published: September 2020

Ensuring food security for all countries of the world has always been a prerequisite for national independence and survival. The article discusses the features of the modern approach to ensuring food security, which involves taking into account not only the indicators of the physical provision of the population with agricultural products, their accessibility and compliance with the requirements of the law, but also indicators that reflect current trends in the people’s desire to improve the quality of their life. The authors substantiated the need to include indicators related to the production, sale and consumption of environmentally friendly products in the definition of food security. Based on the study of economic literature, legislative acts, and statistical sources, it was found that the production of environmentally friendly products for economically developed countries is an important criterion for assessing food security. During the research, it was identified that Russia, being a participant in the market of environmentally friendly products and possessing significant land and forest resources, huge reserves of clean water, has a small share of organic food in the total volume of food production. The study also found that the use of the proportion of certified organic food should be mandatory in assessing the performance of domestic agricultural producers as a factor in improving food security in Russia.