bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Troița - „Răstignire” - lucrare monumentală cu caracter religios, de for public - mozaic - abordare plastică de factură contemporană amplasată în spațiul ambiental urban
Authors:   Universitatea de Artă și Design Cluj-Napoca, Florian Andrei
Published: October 2020

The article presents briefly, in a personal vision, the execution of a public monumental work, with a religious theme, namely The Wayside Cross, with a step-by-step description of the phases of design and execution of the necessary components resulting from the project. The entire work is realized in a contemporary, personal innovative vision, and the variety of materials and techniques that were used are meant to emphasize the complexity of its building. The paper highlights the difficulties in establishing formal motives for the given theme and describes the moments when the Divine inspiration and protection were felt during the elaboration process, giving a very special note to the evolution and completion of the whole artistic approach. The mosaic - of pictorial type - is different from the slightly monochrome chromatics characteristic for the tradition of this type of monument-size representation. The basic structure of the cross pedestal, with candle shelves; the perfectly symmetrical, metallic, laced grids, of great technical difficulty; the side windows carefully made in the stained-glass technique – the Tiffany technique; the whole range of technical solutions for their installation inside the edifice that shelters the work, as well as the harmonic insertion of the complex into the ambiental atmosphere of the site, all these were challenges of high complexity. The result of this long execution process of about 5 months and its assembling in a unitary religious complex, namely the Wayside Cross, was received with real appreciation both by the priests of the parish in which it is located and by its parishioners, inhabitants of Între Lacuri district from Cluj-Napoca.
O toacă unicat din Maramureș - România. Note despre istoria acestui instrument la români
Authors:   Sighetu-Marmației, Maramureș, Ivanciuc Teofil
Published: October 2020

The semantron (“toaca” in Romanian language), the oldest musical instrument being in use since Neolithic and documented 4000 years ago, has entered in the Christian Church during the first centuries A.D., surviving in the Orthodox Church until today. In the Romanian History, the semantron is clearly attested since 17 century. About the semantron are preserved many myths, the most important being the stories related to Noah, the Patriarch, who has used it during the building of the Ark, as a powerful remedy for chasing away the Devil who has repeatedly destroyed the vessel. This particular tale is depicted also on a unique 1806’s fresco preserved on Bârsana-Jbâr (Maramureş, Romania) wooden church’s walls. There are three types of classic semantrons: fixed, movable and metallic ones, but the paper presents also the sophisticated semantrons from Rouen Cathedral (France), built in the year 1571 and restored recently, respectively the complex instruments from Matyijovo respectively Pidvinohragyiv villages of Transcarpathia (Ukraine), photographed in the 1920’s. Both last examples have the same operating principle: a horizontal axe equipped with paddles, is twisted with the crank, seting in motion several upstanding mallets, which are strucking the wooden plank. The most special semantron is actually the one from Strâmtura (Maramureş, Romania), identified recently by the author in the village wooden church’s attic: on the horizontal axe is rooted a round disk provided with six mobile round mallets which, when the crank is twisted, are strucking the wooden board positioned bellow the assembly. This absolutely singular semantron, remembering the solar disk, whose age and source of inspiration remain unknown (perhaps it was influenced by the simple or even by the astronomical church clocks), it deserves to be restored and preserved in the original place where it was found: the 17 century wooden church from Strâmtura, a valuable National Historic Monument.
Memorate despre câteva obiceiuri din satul Mărișel, jud. Cluj. Note de teren
Authors:   Liceul Teoretic „Avram Iancu” Cluj-Napoca, Miron Mirela
Published: October 2020

The field research in this rural community, Mărișel village, Cluj county, took place between 2013-2015, using visual means and structured transgenerational interviews, thus observing the process of oral transmission of narratives. I did not propose the identification of some other meanings to the researched facts, other than those attributed by the interviewed subjects. I should mention that the historical-oral presentation of the life facts told by the people interviewed from the few hamlets of Mărișel village was made from the perspective of our interlocutors, being followed by autobiographical narratives. Thus, I paid attention to narratives articulated in an oral history of the area, stories about customs such as the carols of the young men, the "juni", the wedding or their meetings (“sezatoarea”), as perceived by people of the generation that lived in the interwar period or immediately after the war. The exploration of ceremonial, calendar and family life was done from a multiple methodological perspective, both ethnographic-anthropological and of oral history, so that "the ethno-anthropological analysis of the ceremonial life of a village can also function as a socio-anthropological diagnosis for understanding the deep transformations and mutations in the life of that community ”.(Neagota, 2016) The memorates that are the research object of this work are the result of interviews with village people, elders, in whose house I had the privilege of residing as their grandchildren’s teacher.
Influența regimurilor politice asupra creației muzicale psaltice din România, în a doua jumătate a secolului al XX-lea
Authors:   Academia Națională de Muzică „Gh. Dima„ Cluj-Napoca, Chircev Elena
Published: October 2020

În cea de a doua jumătate a secolului al XX-lea, societatea românească a fost marcată de două evenimente care i-au marcat destinul: instaurarea regimului comunist, după abdicarea Regelui Mihai I în 1948, și Revoluția Română din 1989, care a marcat sfârșitul acestui regim. Monodia bizantină are o tradiție milenară în această zonă a Europei, iar contribuția psalților autohtoni la perpetuarea muzicii de strană a Bisericii Ortodoxe – inclusiv prin creații proprii – este atestată de numeroasele manuscrise redactate de români și de tipăriturile ultimelor două secole. Creația muzicală redată cu notația neumatică specifică Bisericii Ortodoxe s-a manifestat în România, în secolul al XX-lea, cu discontinuități datorate evenimentelor istorice amintite. Cântarea de strană, în stilul psaltic tradițional, a supraviețuit, deși a fost afectată de hotărârile luate de Partidul Comunist, în privința Bisericii, respectiv de încercarea de uniformizare a muzicii de strană. Lucrarea surprinde felul în care s-a reușit păstrarea tradiției și perpetuarea muzicii bisericești în dificila perioadă comunistă, insistând asupra creației muzicale religioase redată cu notația neumatică și asupra unor particularități specifice perioadei, datorate regimului politic. Muzicienii formați înainte de instaurarea comunismului – de dascăli păstrători ai bunei tradiții de cântare psaltică, în școli mănăstirești și seminarii teologice prestigioase din perioada interbelică – au fost liantul care a asigurat revigorarea rapidă a muzicii de tradiție bizantină în ultimul deceniu al secolului al XX-lea și au îmbogățit repertoriul stranelor românești cu valoroase creații originale.
Observații asupra elementelor de limbaj muzical în lucrarea La casa di peste drum de Tudor Jarda
Authors:   Universitatea Națională de Muzică București, Lupu Anamaria
Published: October 2020

De cele mai multe ori, când vorbim despre retorică muzicală, despre figuri retorice sau elemente care țin de musica poetica, gândul ni se duce spre Baroc și, de ce nu, spre muzica lui Johann Sebastian Bach. Însă puțini dintre noi realizăm că augurii acestor noțiuni au pornit încă din Renaștere și un număr mult mai mic dintre noi vom conecta toate acestea de numele lui Martin Luther și Reforma protestantă. Principiile retoricii muzicale s-au dezvoltat cu precădere în spațiul nord-german, deși au fost prezente și în alte țări ca Italia, Franța și Anglia. Germania a fost, însă, cea care a adoptat și adaptat în modul cel mai entuziast în această perioadă terminologia, metodele și structurile retoricii antice. Muzicologul german Dietrich Bartel explică în Musica poetica motivul ascensiunii retoricii muzicale în Germania, prin îmbrățișarea viziunii lui Martin Luther asupra muzicii de către credincioșii creștini. Pe parcursul secolelor XVI-XVIII, retorica muzicală se îmbogățește și se perfecționează continuu, generând o artă extrem de elaborată, al cărei focus era găsirea de echivalențe între figurile retorice și intervalica muzicală. În acest mod, muzica a primit un plus de exactitate în ceea ce privește exprimarea.
Elena Boancă, Personalități ale artei muzicale: Vasile Herman – Recenzie
Authors:   Academia Națională de Muzică „Gh. Dima„ Cluj-Napoca, Banciu Gabriel
Published: October 2020

Volumul monografic al doamnei Elena Boancă, muzicolog cu deschidere atât spre investigarea aspectelor istorice, cât și a celor analitice, reprezintă o investigație nu numai profundă și relevantă, ci și necesară.
Classification of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Using Ordinal Logistic Regression
Authors: Jamaludin Muhammad Hamizan , Wah Yap Bee , Nawawi Hapizah Mohd , Yung-An Chua , Rosli Marshima Mohd , Annamalai Muthukkaruppan
Published: October 2020

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a genetic disease that causes the elevation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), which subsequently leads to premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Features which have been reported to be associated with FH include lipids level, tendon xanthomata, and history of CHD. The Ordinal Logistic Regression model using the classification of FH patients with the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Criteria (DLCN) as the dependent variable (where 1=Possible, 2=Probable, 3=Definite) was developed and evaluated for different types of link functions. The FH patients (n = 449) were recruited from health screening programmes conducted in hospitals and clinics in Malaysia from 2010 to 2018. Results indicate there is a significant association between FH categories with demographic factors (ethnicity and smoking) and physical symptoms (corneal arcus and xanthomata). The Ordinal Logistic Regression using Cauchit link function has lower Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value, higher Nagelkerke's R-Square and classification accuracy compared to Probit and Logit link function, diastolic blood pressure, corneal arcus and xanthomata were found to be significant covariates of FH.
Effect of Drying Temperature of Small Scale Spray Dryer on Physical Properties of Coffee Powder
Authors: Karyadi Joko Nugroho Wahyu , Ayuni Dwi , Rohani Tsania Ayu , Susanti Devi Yuni
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, coffee has become one of the most favorable commodities for beverages, flavoring as well as for cosmetic industries. In Indonesia, coffee becomes more popular, especially among youngsters. In this study, the spray drying process was evaluated, giving the potential of how simple spray dryer can help local farmers of Indonesia to produce their coffee powders. One small scale of spray dryer was constructed with the total dimensions of 2.85 x 0.64 for length x width, with a height of 2.32 m. The spray dryer was equipped with a digital thermo regulator, the pneumatic nozzle system, and 4 finned heaters with the power of 2700 watt for each. The spray drying constructed was revealed to be able to produce coffee powders with fine quality. The inlet temperature of the drying chamber, as well as the initial Brix content of feed solution, were proven to affect the physical properties of powder produced such as moisture content, product yield, and solubility. The final moisture content of powders was ranged from 3 - 7% db, with the high product yield of the drying process, which could reach up to 70%.
Optimization and Modelling of Turbidity Removal of Sewage using High-Gradient Magnetic Separation (HGMS) by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Supian Nur Sumaiyyah , Sohaili Johan , Zon Nur Farhan
Published: October 2020

Endless industrial development and growing society occasionally create an enormous volume of wastewater, which leads to some issues on wastewater treatment. Existing conventional screening processes have various limitations and drawbacks. Therefore, this study investigated the use of a combination of non-corrosive stainless steel wool and a permanent magnet to increase magnetic gradient, hence reducing suspended matter in sewage through turbidity test. An approach for optimizing the reduction of suspended matter through turbidity analysis was conducted using central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). Three critical independent variables, such as magnet strength, circulation time, and steel wool, and turbidity removal as the response, were further studied to analyze their interaction effects. As a result, an optimal value of turbidity removal was found at 90.3% under the specified optimum conditions of magnet strength of 245 mT, 116 g of non-corrosive stainless steel wool, and 16 h of circulation time. Statistical analysis had shown that the magnet strength, circulation time, and steel wool significantly affected the turbidity removal performance. Furthermore, design of experiment was significantly verified by a small range of error between predicted and actual data. Consequently, a higher gradient of magnetic separation was proven to effectively remove suspended matter using inexpensive non-corrosive stainless steel wool without using magnetic adsorbent. Thus, the suggested approach was found to be cost-effective and environmentally friendly for sewage treatment.
Profissionais de Fitness: Enquadramentos
Authors: Franco Susana
Published: October 2020

In this article, after present a framework of the Fitness area, a reflection is made about the legal framework and qualifications of fitness professionals, as well as their professional activity, identifying some aspects to improve, and, consequently, enhancing quality and confidence in the Fitness sector, promoting an increase in exercise practice among the populations.
EFFECTIVENESS OF EMITTER FLUSHING USED FOR SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Authors: Tripathi Vinod Kumar , Bharti Birendra , Warwade Pratibha , Shukla Sushil Kumar , Parhi Prabeer Kumar
Published: October 2020

Filtration plays vital role to improve the efficacy and reduce the maintenance of
drip irrigation systems. The experiment was conducted to evaluate drip irrigation
filters (gravel, disk filter and their combination) for groundwater filtration. Water
quality parameters responsible for emitter plugging, such as total solids,
turbidity, Ca, Mg, CO3 and HCO3 were analyzed at the entry and exit points of
filters. The filtration efficiency for water quality parameters was estimated with
individual filters and in combination. Significant improvement was observed for
turbidity, total solids, carbonate and bicarbonate. The filtration efficiency with
combination filter was 14.3±8.8% for turbidity and 16.3±9.31% for bicarbonates.
Gravel filter gave better results for filtration of bicarbonate in comparison to the
disk filter. Emitters protected by the gravel media filter experienced the largest
flow rate reductions but emitters protected by combination filters experienced
least flow rate reduction. Backwashing of filters reduces the filtration efficiency
and head loss. To reduce emitter plugging by removal of accumulated sediment,
flushing of mains, submains and laterals are recommended. Higher improvement
in uniformity coefficient was observed in subsurface drip after flushing
operation. The results may be utilized in planning and design of subsurface drip
irrigation system to diminish emitter clogging incidence.
Understanding Sensitivity of the Soil Moisture Routine Parameters using Integrated Hydrological Modelling System (HBV) in a Small Semi-Arid Agricultural Watershed
Authors: Reddy H. N. , Ranjan Abhishek , Denis D. M.
Published: October 2020

Hydrologic processes and their principles are universal. However, the magnitude and impact of hydrological parameters influencing these processes vary along with space and time. Researchers since several decades are in the process of understanding and simulating them. One of such simulation is through the Hydrologiska Byrans
Vattenbalansavedlning (HBV) model developed at the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) Stuttgart, Germany. This work explains how this model will perform in semi-arid conditions to understand the most sensitive parameter influencing soil moisture, among all and calibrate their optimum values. The watershed chosen is
small agricultural watershed in a semi-arid region with fertile soil and limiting water. The study revealed that the “LP” a soil moisture value above which the evapotranspiration reaches its peak is the most sensitive. Thereafter parameters “fc”, “athron”, “ ” “cflux”, “pcalt”, “perc”, and “khq” follow suit. These parameters are sensitive within -10% and β
+10% of their optimum values. Other parameters as prec”, “cevpl”, “alfa”, “hq”, “recstep”, “soilstep”, “stf, “uzlo” have new values that are not similar to the original values as recommended. All values have been tested for their one at a 2 time sensitivity using the objective functions values of the root mean square error , BIAS, Relative error, R and Nash Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient. This indicates that the model does perform well in semi-arid conditions to simulate the Soil Moisture Routine of an agricultural watershed. It is recommended that the HVB can be used in semi-arid conditions for successfully simulating the Soil Moisture processes.
KONSEP MURABAHAH DAN APLIKASINYA DALAM PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Hikmah Dwi Astuti
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

In practice more Islamic banks use murabahah contracts than other contracts. Endemic characteristics that are certain in the amount of installments and margins also give rise to the perception that the use of murabahah contracts can reduce the level of risk of financing. In fiqh there is indeed no portfolio arrangement in Islamic financial institutions. Then institutionally, the choice of murabahah contract compared to other contracts is the most attractive, profitable and least risky option so that the bank is basically allowed to prioritize murabahah in its product contract.

Keyword: Murabahah, Islamic Bank, Financing.
INSTRUMEN DISTRIBUSI DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Saiful Anwar
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Distribution in the Islamic concept does not only prioritize economic aspects where size is based on the amount of property owned, but also discusses how the use of human potential can be distributed, in the form of appreciation for the right to life in life. Then the distribution is expected to overcome the problem of income distribution between various classes in society. Therefore in Islam Allah SWT implies one form of social virtue, like zakat. If this is used as the concept of income distribution, the economic system will run smoothly and the community will prosper. Gap and hunger will easily be eliminated due to the prevalence of the distribution system. And in Islamic economics a person's wealth does not make the cause of others experiencing economic difficulties, both production and consumption. Therefore Islam provides clear boundaries in living this life, including regulating matters regarding distribution. The whole is to regulate so that there is no social inequality between one party and another party and have an impact on actions or counterproductive. Therefore Islam stipulates the existence of distribution instruments, including the principle of cooperation between mudharabah and musyarakah, the existence of zakat, infaq, alms and endowments as well as other assets or income owned.

Keyword: Distribution, Islamic Economics, Economic System
Implementasi Program Kerja PKK (Pemberdayaan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga) dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Rumah Tangga di Desa Ratna Chaton Kecamatan Seputih Raman Kabupaten Lampung Tengah
Authors: Destri Rahmawati
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

 This study discusses the Implementation of PKK (Empowerment and Family Welfare) Work Program in household economic empowerment in Ratna Chaton Village, Seputih Raman District, Central Lampung Regency. This research includes field research (Field Research) which is a study conducted systematically by raising the data in the field. While its nature is descriptive, that is to make a picture or painting systematically, factually, and accurately about the facts, the characteristics and the relationship between the phenomena under investigation. In collecting data using the interview method, observation method and documentation method. The authors' research findings show that the implementation of the PKK work program in household economic empowerment in the Ratna Chaton Village of Seputih Raman District through the UPPK (Family Revenue Improvement Efforts) program has led to a successful economic empowerment program, the implementation of which is entrepreneurship training, venture capital lending, and developing productive household businesses. Housewives experience changes by being able to explore the abilities they have, increasing living standards and housewives can be independent by developing their businesses and can generate household economic income.
De relatie en de communicatie tussen commissarissen en accountants in een schuivende (semi)publieke omgeving
Authors: Galle Annika , Oosthoek Daniëlle
Published: October 2020

De relatie tussen de commissaris en de accountant, zeker binnen de (semi)publieke omgeving, is nog weinig onderzocht. In dit artikel wordt deze relatie op basis van het onderliggende onderzoek nader belicht aan de hand van drie thema’s: de communicatie tussen de RvC en de accountant, de transparantie van de RvC over het toezicht op de accountant en de (toekomstige) verplichting van het instellen van een auditcommissie. Binnen drie sectoren – de pensioensector, de woningcorporatiesector en de zorgsector – zijn deze ontwikkelingen door middel van meerdere methodes onderzocht en tegen elkaar afgezet om uiteindelijk sectoroverstijgende good practices te formuleren. Hieruit volgt dat door de rollen van commissaris en accountant helderder te definiëren en de bevoegdheden hierop aan te passen, een slag kan worden gemaakt in de professionalisering van deze relatie binnen de (semi)publieke omgeving waar het krachtenveld op het gebied van toezicht nog continu aan verandering onderhevig is.
Arctic Strategies for Socio-Economic Development of Circumpolar States: National and Regional Aspects
Authors: SAMARINA Vera , SKUFINA atiana , KORCHAK Elena , SEROVA Natalia , SAMARIN Aleksandr
Published: October 2020

The authors have presented the research of Arctic strategies for the socio-economic development of circumpolar states with the identification of national and regional aspects. The research seems to be very relevant because of the growth of geopolitical and economic importance of the Arctic. Countries with Arctic territories together and individually develop legal framework of a country, taking into account the following: firstly, their priorities; secondly, the existing legal status of land, water and air spaces of the Arctic; thirdly, global interests of the present and future of the planet.
Is It Possible to Measure Online Purchasing Intention Trough Technology Acceptance Models?
Authors: KANDAMBI G.P.H. , WIJAYANAYAKA W.M.J.I.
Published: October 2020

Technology acceptance theories are mainly focused on measuring the acceptability of new technologies and empirically tested through employees in an organization. Currently, these technology acceptance theories are used by researchers to measure the online purchasing intention. However, those theories were directly focused on the technological components, ignoring retailers, customers, media and most other macro components engaged in the online purchasing.
Epistemological Proposal on the Concept of Hybridity for Libraries
Authors: DA SILVA Rafaela Carolina , Formentini CALDAS Rosângela
Published: October 2020

The Information Science field has discussed different shared specifications of a conceptualization which comprises the diversity of support, processes, resources and people by which the library needs to adapt. The question here is about the conceptual identification of the terminology ‘hybrid libraries; The aim is to contribute to the literature in the Information Science field by proposing a concept of hybrid libraries which comprises the social sphere, in terms of the developments existing in the society, in libraries.
Properties and emission factors of CCN from biomass cookstoves – observations of a strong dependency on potassium content in the fue
Authors: Kristensen Thomas Bjerring , Falk John , Lindgren Robert , Andersen Christina , Malmborg Vilhelm B. , Eriksson Axel C. , Korhonen Kimmo , Carvalho Ricardo Luis , Boman Christoffer , Pagels Joakim , Svenningsson Birgitta
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Residential biomass combustion is a significant source of aerosol particles on regional and global scales influencing climate and human health. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the properties of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) emitted from biomass burning of solid fuels in different cookstoves mostly of relevance to Sub-Saharan East Africa. The traditional 3-stone fire (3S) and a rocket stove (RS) were used for combustion of wood logs of sesbania (ses) and casuarina (cas) with birch (bir) used as a reference. A natural draft (ND) and a forced draft (FD) pellet stove were used for combustion of pelletized sesbania and pelletized Swedish softwood (sw) alone or in mixtures with pelletized coffee husk (ch), rice husk (rh) or water hyacinth (wh). The CCN activity and the effective density were measured for particles with mobility diameters of ∼65, ∼100 and ∼200 nm, respectively, and occasionally for ∼350 nm particles. Particle number size distributions were measured online with a fast particle analyzer. The chemical composition of the fuel ash was measured by application of standard protocols. The average particle number size distributions were by number typically dominated by an ultrafine mode, and in most cases a soot mode was centered around a mobility diameter of ∼150 nm. The CCN activities decreased with increasing particle size for all experiments and ranged in terms of the hygroscopicity parameter, κ, from ∼0.1 to ∼0.8 for the ultrafine mode and from ∼0.0 to ∼0.15 for the soot mode. The CCN activity of the ultrafine mode increased with increasing combustion temperature for a given fuel, and it typically increased with increasing potassium concentration in the investigated fuels. The primary CCN and the estimated particulate matter (PM) emission factors were typically found to increase significantly with increasing potassium concentration in the fuel for a given stove. In order to link CCN emission factors to PM emission factors, knowledge about stove technology, stove operation and the inorganic fuel ash composition is needed. This complicates the use of ambient PM levels alone for estimation of CCN concentrations in regions dominated by biomass combustion aerosol, with the relation turning even more complex when accounting for atmospheric ageing of the aerosol.
Reactive species formed upon interaction of water with fine particulate matter
from remote forest and polluted urban air
Authors: Tong Haijie , Liu Fobang , Filippi Alexander , Wilson Jake , Arangio Andrea M. , Zhang Yun , Yue Siyao , Lelieveld Steven , Shen Fangxia , Keskinen Helmi-Marja K. , Li Jing , Chen Haoxuan , Zhang Ting , Hoffmann Thorsten , Fu Pingqing , Brune William H. , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Yao Maosheng , Berkemeier Thomas , Shiraiwa Manabu , Pöschl Ulrich
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Interaction of water with fine particulate matter leads to the formation of reactive species (RS) that may influence the aging, properties, and health effects of atmospheric aerosols. In this study, we explore the RS yields of fine PM from remote forest (Hyytiälä, Finland) and polluted urban air (Mainz, Germany and Beijing, China) and relate these yields to different chemical constituents and reaction mechanisms. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry was used to characterize organic aerosol composition, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with a spin-trapping technique was used to determine the concentrations •OH, O2•−, and carbon- or oxygen-centered organic radicals, and a fluorometric assay was used to quantify H2O2 concentration. The mass-specific yields of radicals were lower for sampling sites with higher concentration of ambient PM2.5 (particles with a diameter
Dynamic Infrared Gas Analysis from Longleaf Pine Fuelbeds Burned in a Wind
Tunnel: Observation of Phenol in Pyrolysis and Combustion Phases
Authors: Banach Catherine A. , Williams Olivia N. , Bradley Ashley M. , Tonkyn Russell G. , Chong Joey , Weise David R. , Myers Tanya L. , Johnson Timothy J.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Pyrolysis is the first step in a series of chemical and physical processes that produce flammable organic gases from wildland fuels that can result in a wildland fire. We report results using a new time-resolved Fourier transform infrared method that correlates the measured FTIR spectrum to an infrared thermal image sequence enabling identification and quantification of gases within different phases of the fire process. The flame from burning fuel beds composed of pine needles (Pinus palustris) and mixtures of sparkleberry, fetterbush and inkberry plants was the natural heat source for pyrolysis. Extractive gas samples were analyzed and identified in both static and dynamic modes synchronized to thermal infrared imaging: A total of 29 gases were identified including small alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, nitrogen compounds and aromatics, most previously measured by FTIR in wildland fires. This study presents one of the first identifications of phenol associated with both pre-combustion and combustion phases, using ca. 1 Hz resolution. Preliminary results indicate ~ 2.5× greater phenol emission from sparkleberry and inkberry compared to fetterbush, with differing temporal profiles.
Reassessing long-term drought risk and societal impacts in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, north-east China (1200–2015)
Authors: Tang LingYun , Macdonald Neil , Sangster Heather , Chiverrell Richard , Gaulton Rachel
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The occurrence of two severe droughts in north-east China since 2000 has
raised attention in the risk presented by droughts. This paper presents a
historic drought series for Shenyang in Liaoning Province, north-east China,
from 1200 CE to the present with a reconstructed long precipitation series
(1906–2015) augmented with historical documentary accounts. Analysis of the instrumental series using a standardized precipitation index (SPI) and
extending it using historical records has produced a combined series
spanning over 8 centuries. The combined long series was analysed for
patterns in drought frequency, severity and typology. Three droughts
comparable to those since 2000 occur in the instrumental series during the
early 20th century (i.e. 1907, 1916–1918 and 1920–1921), and coeval
archival sources reveal the human impacts of these severe droughts. The
archival sources demonstrate how reduced vulnerability resulting from
societal and cultural changes in the early 20th century helped prevent
the loss of life experienced during comparable severe droughts at the end of the 19th century (1887 and 1891). Incorporating a longer temporal
perspective to drought analysis shows that onset is often earlier than is
documented explicitly within the archives, and so combined SPI series for a
region could provide an early warning of drought development expressed as a
water deficit in the previous year. Analysis of archival data provides a
rich historical description of impacts and societal responses to severe
drought. The archives provide a rich historical description of drought
impacts and responses at the personal and community level whilst also
detailing the different roles played by communities, state and international organizations in responding to events.
A 30-meter terrace mapping in China using Landsat 8 imagery and
digital elevation model based on the Google Earth Engine
Authors: Cao Bowen , Yu Le , Naipal Victoria , Ciais Philippe , Li Wei , Zhao Yuanyuan , Wei Wei , Chen Die , Liu Zhuang , Gong Peng
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The construction of terraces is a key soil conservation practice on agricultural land in China, providing multiple valuable ecosystem services. Accurate spatial information on terraces is needed for both management and research. In this study, the first 30 m resolution terracing map of the entire territory of China is produced by a supervised pixel-based classification using multi-source and multi-temporal data based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. We extracted time-series spectral features and topographic features from Landsat 8 images and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model (SRTM DEM) data, classifying cropland area (cultivated land of Globeland30) into terraced and non-terraced type through a random forest classifier. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were evaluated by 10875 test samples and achieved values of 94 % and 0.72, respectively. The classification performed best in the Loess Plateau and southwestern China, where terraces are most numerous. Some northeastern, central eastern and southern area had relatively high uncertainty. Typical errors in the mapping results from the sloping cropland (non-terrace cropland with a slope of ≥ 5°), low-slope terraces, and non-crop vegetation. Terraces are widely distributed in China and the total terraced area was estimated to be 53.55 Mha (i.e., 26.43 % of China's cropland area) by pixel counting (PC) method and 58.46 ± 2.99 Mha (i.e., 28.85 % ± 1.48 % of China's cropland area) by error matrix-based model-assisted estimation (EM) method. Elevation and slope were identified as the main features in the terrace/non-terrace classification, and multi-temporal spectral features (such as percentiles of NDVI, TIRS2, BSI) were also essential. Terraces are more challenging to identify than other land use types because of the intra-class feature heterogeneity, inter-class feature similarity and fragmented patches, which should be the focus of future research. Our terrace mapping algorithm can be used to map large-scale terraces in other regions globally, and our terrace map will serve as a landmark for studies on multiple ecosystem services assessments including erosion control, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity conservation. The China terrace map is available to the public at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3895585 (Cao et al., 2020).
GRACE and GRACE-FO Level-1 V04 Data Processing Status
Authors: Mccullough Christopher , Bandikova Tamara , Bertiger William , Boening Carmen , Byun Sung , Fahnestock Eugene , Finch Christopher , Harvey Nate , Kuang Da , Landerer Felix , Miller Mark , Paik Meegyeong
Published: October 2020

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO), launched in May 2018, provides invaluable information about mass change in the Earth system, continuing the legacy of GRACE. Fundamental requirements for successful mass change recovery are precise orbit determination and inter-satellite ranging, determination of the relative clock alignment of the ultra-stable oscillators (USOs), precise attitude determination, and accelerometry. NASA/Caltech Jet Propulsion Laboratory is the official Level-1 data processing and analysis center, and is currently processing software version 04. Here we present analysis of the aforementioned GRACE-FO sensor data, as well a preview of an upcoming GRACE reprocessing, and a discussion of measurement performance.
SDS Level-2/-3 CSR & QuickLook
Authors: Save Himanshu ,   CSR Level-2 Team
Published: October 2020

CSR Level-2 and Level-3 processing details and results from different flavours of GRACE-FO solutions will be discussed. Progress of the GRACE RL07 processing will also be discussed. 
Organization of convective ascents in a warm conveyor belt
Authors: Blanchard Nicolas , Pantillon Florian , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre , Delanoë Julien
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are warm, moist airstreams of extratropical cyclones leading to widespread clouds and heavy precipitation, where associated diabatic processes can influence midlatitude dynamics. Although WCBs are traditionally seen as continuous slantwise ascents, recent studies have emphasized the presence of embedded convection, the impact of which on large-scale dynamics is still debated. Here, detailed cloud and wind measurements obtained with airborne Doppler radar provide unique information on the WCB of the Stalactite cyclone on 2 October 2016 during the North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment. The measurements are complemented by a convection-permitting simulation, enabling online Lagrangian trajectories and 3-D objects clustering. Trajectories rising by 150 hPa during a relatively short 12 h window are identified as ascents and examined in the WCB region. One-third take an anticyclonic turn at upper levels, while two-thirds follow the cyclonic flow at lower levels. Identified trajectories that reach a 100 hPa (2 h)−1 threshold are further categorized as fast ascents. They represent one-third of the ascents and are located at lower levels mainly. Both radar observations and simulation reveal the presence of convective updrafts in the WCB region, which are characterized by moderate reflectivity values up to 20 dBZ. Fast ascents and updraft objects with vertical velocities above 0.3 m s−1 consistently show three main types of convection in the WCB region: (i) frontal convection along the surface cold front and the western edge of the low-level jet, (ii) banded convection at about 2 km altitude along the eastern edge of the low-level jet, and (iii) mid-level convection below the upper-level jet. Frontal and banded convection result in shallow ascents, while mid-level convection contributes to the anticyclonic WCB outflow. The results emphasize that convection embedded in WCBs occurs in a coherent and organized manner rather than as isolated cells.
Finite element simulations for investigating the strength characteristics of a 5 m composite wind turbine blade
Authors: Muyan Can , Coker Demirkan
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Full-scale structural tests enable us to monitor the mechanical response of the blades under various loading scenarios. Yet, these tests must be accompanied by numerical simulations so that the physical basis of the progressive damage development can be better interpreted and understood. In this work, finite element analysis is utilized to investigate the strength characteristics of an existing 5 m RÜZGEM composite wind turbine blade under extreme flapwise, edgewise and combined flapwise plus edgewise loading conditions. For this purpose, in addition to a linear buckling analysis, Puck's (2D) physically based phenomenological model is used for the progressive damage analysis of the blade. The 5 m RÜZGEM blade is found to exhibit sufficient resistance against buckling. However, Puck's damage model indicates that laminate failure plays a major role in the ultimate blade failure. Under extreme flapwise and combined load cases, the internal flange at the leading edge and the trailing edge are identified as the main damaged regions. Under edgewise loading, the leading edge close to the root is the failure region. When extreme load case is applied as a combination of edgewise and flapwise loading cases, less damage is observed compared to the pure flapwise loading case.
Musas. Un proyecto de Arteterapia y Creación Artística para la inclusión social, con enfoque de Género, en Salud Mental
Authors: Miras-Ruiz Ruth , Salazar García María
Published: October 2020

En este artículo se describe la intervención y la investigación del proyecto de Arteterapia y Creación Artística para la Inclusión Social, desde el enfoque de género: MUSAS. Que se viene desarrollando desde el año 2017  en el CRPS. Latina, en colaboración con la Asociación Arte para la Vida y el proyecto de investigación ALETHEIA. Arte, arteterapia, trauma y memoria emocional, de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Las participantes son un grupo de trece mujeres, con diagnósticos de enfermedad mental severa y que son usuarias del servicio de rehabilitación psicosocial. El Objetivo principal del proyecto es: generar un espacio abierto de Creación Artística, de carácter social e inclusivo, que sea favorecedor de procesos de Resiliencia y Empoderamiento personal y grupal de las participantes, gracias a la expresión y gestión emocional, a través de las posibilidades que emergen de los procesos creadores.
La representación cinematográfica documental en la investigación artística: de-construyendo miradas sobre la discapacidad
Authors: De Miguel Álvarez Laura
Published: October 2020

Presentar un proyecto de producción cinematográfica documental, cuya temática se centra en el tema de la discapacidad supone todo un reto si, además, queremos desarrollarlo a través de una investigación artística. Existe literatura que plantea los aspectos que atañen a este desafío (la investigación artística, la representación en el cine documental, la representación cinematográfica de la discapacidad), de forma extensa y detallada, pero no es tarea sencilla encontrar documentación que exponga cómo se ha desarrollado un proyecto de estas características desde la definición del contexto y surgimiento de la idea, hasta su materialización como pieza artística audiovisual. En este artículo, apoyándonos primero en una selección de autores de diversas áreas, todas ellas relacionadas con el proyecto que se describe en él, se comienza un planteamiento teórico reflexivo del estado de la cuestión que nos ocupa, a continuación se desvelan algunos de los recursos y maneras de hacer de parte del equipo que lo lleva a cabo y se termina, por un lado, con la materialización de un cortometraje documental sobre Moisés (persona que posee parálisis cerebral) y, por otro, con el establecimiento metodológico utilizado que puede ser útil en futuros procesos de búsqueda similares al planteado en esta ocasión.
Reseña: Mesías, José María. (2019) Educación Artística Sensible. Cartografía Contemporánea para arteducadores. Barcelona, Editorial GRAO, Colección micro-Macro Referencias. Serie Didáctica de la Educación visual y plástica. Serie Formación y desarrollo p
Authors: Lage de la Rosa Marta
Published: October 2020

Reseña de la obra de Mesías, José María. (2019) Educación Artística Sensible. Cartografía Contemporánea para arteducadores.  Barcelona, Editorial GRAO, Colección micro-Macro Referencias. Serie Didáctica de la Educación visual y plástica. Serie Formación y desarrollo profesional del profesorado.
Five Nolanea spp. nov. from Brazil
Authors: Karstedt Fernanda , Bergemann Sarah E. , Capelari Marina
Published: October 2020

Five new species of Nolanea (Entolomataceae, Agaricales)—N. albertinae, N. atropapillata, N. pallidosalmonea, N. parvispora, and N. tricholomatoidea—were collected from the São Paulo metropolitan region. Phylogenetic
analyses based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), nuclear large subunit (nLSU) and second largest RNA polymerase subunit (rpb2), confirm that all these species belong to Nolanea. Morphological descriptions, comments, illustrations, scanning electron microscopy
and color photos are included.
Finitely generated rings obtained from hyperrings through the fundamental relations
Authors: Mirvakili S. , Ghiasvand P. , Davvaz Bijan
Published: October 2020

In this article, we introduce and analyze a strongly regular relation $\omega^{*}_{\mathcal{A}}$ on a hyperring$R$ such that in a particular case we have $|R/\omega^{*}_{\mathcal{A}}|\leq 2$ or$R/\omega^{*}_{\mathcal{A}}=<\omega^{*}_{\mathcal{A}}(a)>$, i.e., $R/\omega^{*}_{\mathcal{A}}$ is a finite generated ring. Then, by using the notion of $\omega^{*}_{\mathcal{A}}$-parts, we investigate the transitivity condition of $\omega_{\mathcal{A}}$. Finally, we investigate a strongly regular relation $\chi^{*}_{\mathcal{A}}$ on the hyperring $R$ such that $R/\chi^{*}_{\mathcal{A}}$ is a commutative ring with finite generated.
Immunogenicity of red cell alloantigens in the Japanese population
Authors: Watanabe Mao , Ohto Hitoshi , A Tormey Christopher , Yasuda Hiroyasu , Takano Nozomi , Minakawa Keiji , Ono Satoshi , Yamada-Abe Maiko , Suzuki Hiroe , Sugawara Akiko , Kawabata Kinuyo , E Nollet Kenneth , Ikeda Kazuhiko
Published: October 2020

Aims: To elucidate transfusion-related blood group antigen immunogenicity among Japanese, a retrospective single center study was done.

Methods: For 49,884 transfusion recipients from late 2006 to early 2018, antibodies were tested with two techniques: saline immediate spin test and polyethylene glycol-enhanced indirect antiglobulin test. From male recipients with an average of 4.2 donor exposures, we calculated the immunogenicity of blood group alloantigens with a mathematical model.

Results: Indirect antiglobulin test detected 638 alloantibodies, 391 (1.53%) among 25,563 women and 247 (1.02%) among 24,321 men. Anti-E (489.1 per 100,000), followed by anti-Lea (238.6 per 100,000) and anti-Fyb (100.2 per 100,000) were most frequently found in the whole. Immunogenicity calculations among male recipients based on 4-donor exposure revealed Jra (67.4 per 1000, 95% CI: 1.7–323.3) as the possibly highest potency antigen, followed by: Lea (23.5 per 1000, 95% CI: 17.4–29.6), Dib (20.1 per 1000, 95% CI: 0.5–109.3), E (11.9 per 1000, 95% CI: 9.4–14.4), and Jka (5.7 per 1000, 95% CI: 1.7–9.6) among Japanese male recipients.

Conclusion: Jra and Diego blood group antigens might be highly immunogenic in the Japanese population, but more recipients would need to be investigated to establish statistical significance.
What Is Meant by Inclusive Education? Perceptions of Turkish Teachers towards Inclusive Education
Authors: Katıtaş Sevda , Coşkun Başak
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the perceptions of teachers in Turkey towards inclusive education through metaphors. Phenomenology was adopted in this research. The study group of the research consisted of 120 teachers working in public schools in Turkey in 2019-2020 academic year. Snowball sampling, criterion sampling and maximum diversity sampling methods were used to determine the study group. Content analysis was applied to the data. As a result of the research, it was revealed that Turkish teachers considered inclusive education as a process that required patience and exertion and that this education was an indispensable need for the student with special needs. It was concluded that suitable educational support should have been given to the students with special needs according to their individual needs. It was also concluded that it was important for students with special needs to share the same learning environment in an integrity without separating them from their peers who had ‘normal’ academic and social development. In addition, it was emphasized that students with special needs should have been accepted with their own behaviours and characteristics in the learning environments they were in and it was important to turn these differences into opportunities for the benefit of the student.