bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature and Potting Medium Effects on Growth of Boston Fern Infected with Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Chase A. R. , Conover C. A.
Published: September 2022

Factorial experiments, including three potting media, two potting medium temperatures, and two air temperatures were used to evaluate growth of Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Fluffy Ruffle’ (Boston fern) infected with Rhizoctonia solani (the causal agent of aerial blight). Potting medium mixtures of sphagnum peat-sand, sphagnum peat-pine bark, and sphagnum peat-vermiculite-perlite did not affect severity (percentage of foliar infection) in four of five tests. Plant quality was highest for plants grown in peat-vermiculite-perlite in two of four tests. Potting medium temperature of 32°C reduced percentage of foliar infection in four of five tests, and plant quality in three of four tests. Fresh weights of shoots or roots were not affected consistently by potting medium temperature at 32°. Air temperatures ranging from 35° to 38° were favorable for disease development, with reduced development at temperatures above 35°. In vitro radial growth of R. solani isolates was optimal at ≈30° with a statistically significant reduction at 35°.
Pruning Effects on Productivity and Vegetative Growth in the Highbush Blueberry
Authors: Siefker J. A. , Hancock J. F.
Published: September 2022

The effect of pruning was evaluated by removing varying amounts of different-sized canes from 15-year-old highbush blueberry plants. As much as 40% of a bush could be removed before yield was reduced. There was a significant correlation (P < 0.05) between percent base area removed and berry weight, suggesting a compensation for reduced basal area by increasing berry weight. The number of new canes also was significantly correlated with the number removed. The size of canes removed was less important than the percent basal area removed, except in the most extreme treatment (40% removed), where the removal of medium-sized (1-2.5 cm) canes had a greater effect than the elimination of large canes.
A Nondestructive Developmental Index For Strawberry
Authors: Stutte G. W. , Darnell Rebecca L.
Published: September 2022

Growth curves and a developmental index of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) fruit length and dry weight were obtained for the strawberry cultivar Fern. There was a strong positive correlation between fruit length and the natural logarithm (In) of fruit dry weight. A minimum amount of scatter about the regression line indicated that length may be a useful developmental index. Secondary fruits experienced a 4- to 5-day lag period between pollination and growth, while primary fruits began growing within 24 hr after pollination. Primary and secondary fruits exhibited similar relative growth rates once development began.
Prepropagation Dips of Acanthaceae Cuttings in Growth Regulators to Retard Subsequent Growth
Authors: Sanderson Kenneth C. , Martin Willis C. , Patterson Richard D.
Published: September 2022

Total immersion of Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum L. H. Bailey, Sanchezia speciosa J. Leonard, and Strobilanthes dyeranus M. T. Mast. cuttings in aqueous solutions of the morphactins chlorflurecol and chlorflurenethol prior to propagation retarded plant growth 16 weeks after rooting. Height of Sanchezia and Strobilanthes also was reduced by dips of chlorfluren and dichlorflurecol and chlormequat chloride. Morphactins caused abnormal growth on Pseuderanthemum and Strobilanthes. Dips of PBA reduced the height of Pseuderanthemum and Strobilanthes. Pseuderanthemum height also was reduced by ancymidol and ethephon dips, and height was reduced on Strobilanthes by oxathiin and piproctanyl bromide. Chlorflurecol dips reduced plant dry weight of all species. Plant dry weight of Strobilanthes also was reduced by chlorofluren, chloroflurenthol, oxathiin, and PBA immersion. Ethephon, PBA, and chlorflurenthol dips also reduced Pseuderanthemum dry weight. Chemical names used: 2-chloro-9-hydroxy-9H-fluorene-9-carboxylic acid (chlorflurecol); 2-chlorofluorenecarbonic acid-(9)-methylester (dichloroflurecol); 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-carbonic acid-(9)-p-chlorophenoxyethylester (chloroflurenethol); 2-chloro-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (chlormequat chloride); N-(phenylmethyl)-9-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-9H purin-6-amine (PBA); α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyI)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol); (2-chlorethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon); 2,3-dihydro-5,6-diphenyl-1,4-oxathiin (oxathiin); 1-(3,7-dimethyloctyl)-1-(2-propenyl)piperidinium bromide, (piproctanyl bromide).
Response of ‘Bing’ and ‘Lambert’ Sweet Cherry Fruit to Preharvest Calcium Chloride Applications
Authors: Facteau T. J. , Rowe K. E. , Chestnut N. E.
Published: September 2022

There was no reduction of surface pitting of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) or bruising in 7 trials over a 4-year period as a result of applications of CaCl2 from 950, 1400, or 3800 mg Ca/liter in single or multiple applications from 1 to 6 weeks before harvest. Cherry fruit firmness was increased and fruit size was decreased by increasing the amount of Ca applied in 3 out of 7 trials. The time of application, from shuck stage to 1 week before harvest, was not critical.
Nitrogen Content and CO2 Assimilation Characteristics of Citrus Leaves
Authors: Syvertsen J. P.
Published: September 2022

Seedlings of orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.) were grown under various nutrient regimes to determine the relationships between components of net gas exchange and N and P content. There were no significant differences in photosynthetic characteristics between the two species. Total N content of leaves varied from about 10 to 30 mg·g−1, whereas leaf P was sufficient, varying from about 1 to 2 mg·g−1. Potential rates of single leaf CO2 assimilation, water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, and carboxylation efficiency were all positively correlated with leaf N, whereas these parameters were not related to leaf P content. CO2 compensation point was negatively correlated with leaf N content. Thus, N deficiency stress reduces net CO2 assimilation by affecting several different partial processes of photosynthesis.
Use of Benomyl and Rifampicin For in Vitro Shoot Tip Culture of Camellia sinensis and C. japonica
Authors: Haldeman J. H. , Thomas R. L. , McKamy D. L.
Published: September 2022

The fungicide benomyl and the antibiotic rifampicin were screened at nine concentration combinations for effectiveness in controlling persistent bacterial and fungal contaminants of field-grown Camellia sinensis and C. japonica shoot tip explants. Following traditional disinfestation, a 24-hr culture in liquid medium containing benomyl at 1, 2, or 4 g·liter−1 and rifampicin at 10, 25, or 50 mg·liter1 reduced contamination with no phytotoxic effects. Chemical names used: methyl[1-[(butylamino)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate (benomyl); 3-[4-methylpiperazinyl-iminomethyl]rifamycin SV (rifampicin).
Soil Moisture Measurements in Containers with Solid-state, Electronic Tensiometers
Authors: Burger D. W. , Paul J. L.
Published: September 2022

The construction and evaluation of a small, inexpensive tensiometer fitted with a pressure transducer (PT) and suitable for container media measurements is presented. The PT must be calibrated against known tensions before use, because the millivolt output from the PT varies with input voltage. The air volume above the liquid in the tensiometer that is sampled by the PT should be about 0.25 ml for an accurate (within 4%) and quick (10-20 sec) response. Tension measured with a PT was nearly identical to that measured with a mercury manometer in the range from 6.8 to 196 kPa (7-200 cm of water) during dry-down of a container with a plant (Paulownia tomentosa).
Calcium Deficiency Symptoms of Heartleaf Philodendron
Authors: Hershey David R. , Merritt Richard H.
Published: September 2022

Calcium deficiency symptoms of heartleaf philodendron (Philodendron scandens ssp. oxycardium) were reported to occur first on the vine's basal leaves, with the tip or uppermost leaves the last to develop symptoms (1). This pattern of symptom development was interpreted to indicate that philodendron was an exception to the generalization that Ca is immobile in plants, i.e., in philodendron, Ca was translocated from basal to upper leaves (5). Since Ca deficiency symptoms occur in meristematic areas (such as shoot and root tips), Ca is considered immobile in plants (2). Thus, the report of Ca deficiency symptoms on basal leaves of philodendron (1) was indeed exceptional. Unfortunately, there was no report of the recovery of the deficient plants when fertilized with Ca, nor any Ca analysis of philodendron tissue, to confirm that Ca deficiency was the cause of the observed symptoms (1) and to support the conclusion that Ca was mobile (5). The purpose of this study was to produce Ca deficiency symptoms in heartleaf philodendron to determine if Ca deficiency symptoms occur on basal leaves, as originally reported (1).
A Quick Method For Determining Fibrousness of Vegetable Tissue
Authors: Baxter Lawford , Waters Luther , Breene William
Published: September 2022

Fibrousness or toughness is a major factor influencing quality of vegetables; highly fibrous vegetables are unappealing to consumers. Fibrousness results from lignified cell walls in the pericycle and vascular bundles. Several methods have been used to determine fibrousness: the blender method (3), the cold water method (7), alcohol-insoluble solids (1), the fibrometer (6), the shear press (5), and machines such as the Instron Universal Testing Machine (4). While each of these methods is reliable for determining fibrousness of vegetable tissue, several require considerable time and/or expense. Also, in the case of the fibrometer, the results can be influenced by sample diameter (2). This note describes a simple, inexpensive procedure for determining fibrousness of vegetables using a juicerator.
‘Juneprince’ and ‘Fireprince’ Peaches
Authors: Okie W. R. , Reilly C. C.
Published: September 2022

‘Juneprince’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] has been released to extend the season in moderately low-chilling areas suc5as south Georgia and as a replacement for ‘Coronet’ in medium-chilling areas. ‘Fireprince’ peach has been released to provide a cultivar for the Southeast in the season preceding ‘Redglobe’.
‘Oregon 523’ Freezing Pea
Authors: Baggett J. R. , Kean D.
Published: September 2022

‘Oregon 523’, a pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar of commercial freezing type, was bred for resistance to pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. In this area, a normally heavy natural disease incidence permits annual selection for field resistance to PEMV. and also resistance to red clover vein mosaic virus (RCVMV), a prevalent virus that can cause severe damage in PEMV resistant peas. Because ‘Oregon 523’ has good field resistance to PEMV and RCVMV, it is expected to be more reliable in production than many cultivars when these diseases are present. It has shown acceptable quality and adequate yield for use by the western Oregon pea processing industry.
Using Bar Code Technology for Horticultural Research and Plant Inventory Activities
Authors: Talbott Helen-Jean , Parliman Bruce J.
Published: September 2022

The development and use of bar codes for automatic identification and systematic data collection is one of the most significant technological changes in American business and industry today. Most people become familiar with bar codes at the grocery store. The bar code symbol (Fig. 1) is that portion of the merchandise label with black bars and white spaces that is scanned by machines at the check-out counter. Bar codes are achieving widespread popularity because they can be incorporated into the primary-source marking of products from production to consumption (23). Bar codes are having tremendous impact on manufacturing, warehousing, and distribution activities. Bar code symbols are used for automatic identification of items as varied as hospital supplies, library books, and marathon runners; and are used to keep track of the manufacture of items as diverse as automobiles, hot steel ingots, and integrated circuits.
Orientation of Root and Cotyledon in Pepper Seedlings and Its Use in Field Production
Authors: Dufault Robert J. , Villalon Benigno , Smith Mark Q.
Published: September 2022

‘TAMBel-2’ bell pepper transplants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown in a greenhouse for 39 days in north–south (N–S) oriented trays. About 69% of the plants had monodirectional (one plane pointing either N–S, E–W, NW–SE, or SW–NE) lateral root patterns, 23% had bidirectional (two planes), and 7% had omnidirectional (all around) root patterns relative to a N–S greenhouse tray orientation. Transplants were planted with cotyledons N–S (parallel to the N–S bed), with cotyledons E–W (perpendicular to the N–S bed), and at random, without regard to orientation. These plants subsequently were cultivated either deeply (9 cm) or shallowly (3 cm) 3, 5, and 7 weeks after transplanting. Transplants planted E–W by cotyledon orientation yielded significantly more early and overall marketable pods in contrast to those planted N–S by cotyledon orientation or at random. Deep cultivation decreased productivity in contrast to shallow cultivation and negated any benefit to E–W cotyledon orientation. Root and cotyledon orientations in field-seeded peppers were determined for ‘Hidalgo’, ‘TAM-Mild Chile-2’, ‘TAMBel-2’, and ‘Grand Rio 66’ peppers ≈2 months after field-seeding. At least 95% of the populations in all cultivars had monodirectional root orientations. Generally, orientations were divided equally among N–S, E–W, NW–SE, and NE–SW directions. Cotyledon orientation highly correlated with root orientation in all cultivars.
Differences in Wound Closure Rates in 12 Tree Species
Authors: Martin James M. , Sydnor T. Davis
Published: September 2022

Purposefully inflicted wounds were observed on 12 species of trees commonly used in urban landscapes and along city streets. One group was observed in an urban environment in Nashville, Tenn., the other in a rural lawn environment in Wooster, Ohio. Wound closure in both environments was more closely correlated to species than to commonly used growth parameters. In both environments, Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Liquidambar styraciflua closed wounds more quickly than Pyrus calleryana ‘Bradford’, Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis, and Betula nigra.
Influence of Cultivar on Nectar Sugar Content in Several Species of Tree Fruits
Authors: Meheriuk M. , Lane W. D. , Hall J. W.
Published: September 2022

The nectars of several apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), crab apple (M. baccata L. and M. floribunda Seib.), peach (Prunus persica L.), pear (Pyrus malus L.), and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars were analyzed for sugar contents. ‘Skaha’ apricot was significantly higher in fructose, glucose, and sucrose than ‘Wenatchee Moorpark’ or ‘Tilton’. ‘Lambert’ sweet cherry was significantly higher in these sugars than ‘Van’ or ‘Stella’. Sugar levels were higher in ‘Bartlett’ and ‘Spartlett’ than ‘Anjou’. ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Red Delicious’ nectars were higher in the individual sugars than ‘Golden Delicious’. An appreciable range of values was found among the crab apples but the sugar content in some were comparable to those of apple.
Postharvest Handling of Bud-cut Freesia Flowers
Authors: Woodson William R.
Published: September 2022

The opening of Freesia hybrida Bailey flowers cut in the tight bud stage was promoted by treatment with sucrose and 200 mg·liter−1 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate. A pulse treatment for 24 to 48 hr with 20% sucrose resulted in complete inflorescence development and prolonged vase life. Reduced sucrose concentrations or increased pulse durations were not as effective. Pulse-treating flowers with 20% sucrose for 24 hr prior to 3 days of simulated shipping improved subsequent flower opening and vase life.
Contribution of Endogenous Nitrogen Toward Continuing Growth in a Cranberry Vine
Authors: Stieber T. , Peterson L. A.
Published: September 2022

Rooted cranberry cuttings (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. ‘McFarlin’) were placed in nutrient solution with as the N source. The plants were grown for 20 weeks with complete nutrient solution for the first 8 weeks and a nutrient solution minus N for the remaining 12 weeks. The objective was to determine the contribution of endogenous N of a perennial toward continuing growth of cranberry vines. Growth and N composition were measured at 2-week intervals. Shoots increased in size from 5.3 g of dry matter per pot at 8 weeks to 35.8 g at 20 weeks. Although N deficiency symptoms were present, the cranberry vines were actively growing at the termination of the experiment. Shoot N concentration at this point was 5.5 mg·g−1 (0.55%).
Ethylene Evolution by Tomato Plants Under Stress of Ammonium Toxicity
Authors: Corey K. A. , Barker A. V. , Craker L. E.
Published: September 2022

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Heinz 1350) plants grown in soil with N supplied from (NH4)2SO4 solutions showed a morphological disorder characterized by leaf epinasty. The development of this disorder was accompanied by an increase in the rate of ethylene evolution from whole plants. Ethylene evolution from plants supplied with 0.04 m NH4-N increased to a peak of 112 nl·g−1·hr−1 at ≈2 weeks following the start of fertilization compared to 11 nl·g−1·hr−1 from plants supplied with 0.04 m NO3-N. Fertilization with KC1 in molar equivalency to the supply of NH4-N prevented epinasty and the burst in ethylene evolution. Ethylene evolution from plants of the yellow-green-5 and neglecta-1 mutants did not increase in response to NH4-N fertilization. Potassium concentrations in shoots of ‘Heinz 1350% yellow-green- 5, and neglecta-1 were 2.10, 2.53, and 3.22% (dry weight), respectively, if plants were supplied with NH4-N and no additional K, suggesting that tolerance to NH4 toxicity may be explained in part by differences in K accumulation.
In Vitro Propagation of Euphorbia fulgens
Authors: Zhang Baolin , Stoltz L. P. , Snyder J. C.
Published: September 2022

Nodal sections of actively growing apical shoots from greenhouse-grown plants of Euphorbia fulgens Karw. ex Klotsch initiated new shoots after 4 weeks on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 9.1 μm zeatin. When cultures from the initiation stage were transferred for proliferation to the same medium, up to 14 shoots 5 mm long or longer were obtained per culture 4 weeks later. Through subcultures, 40 transplantable shoots per explant could be produced within 12 weeks. Shoots were rooted in vitro in the greenhouse with satisfactory survival rates. Chemical names used: (E)-2-methyl-4-(1H-purin-6-ylamino)-2-buten-1-ol (zeatin).
Irradiance and Spectral Distribution Control System for Controlled Environment Chambers
Authors: Krones Michael J. , Sager John C. , Johnson Arthur T.
Published: September 2022

This paper describes a closed-loop control system for controlling the irradiance and spectral quality generated by fluorescent lamps in a controlled environment chamber. The 400 to 800 nm irradiance and the ratio of the red waveband (600 to 700 nm) to the far-red waveband (700 to 800 nm) were independently controlled and varied as functions of time. A suggested application is to investigate the possibility of synergistic effects of changing irradiance levels and changing spectral distributions on photoperiodism and photomorphogenesis.