bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memorias de un tiempo posible. Historias alternativas en la novela mexicana contemporánea
Authors: Ordiz Vázquez Francisco Javier
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar el tópico de la historia alternativa y sus distintas formas de expresión en la narrativa mexicana reciente. En Si tú quieres, moriré, Gerardo Laveaga se inscribe en la tradición de los estudios de la llamada “filosofía de lo mexicano” a la hora de proponer a través de un desarrollo histórico ficticio una reflexión sobre ciertos momentos clave en los que México perdió la oportunidad de cambiar su futuro. Otro tipo de historias alternativas, como las que ofrecen Tiempo lunar de Mauricio Molina y las dos novelas de Gabriel Trujillo Muñoz que aquí se analizan, se alejan del modelo ucrónico de carácter contrafactual que representa el relato de Laveaga, y desarrollan sus argumentos a partir del tópico del viaje temporal o interdimensional con un fundamento teórico basado en hipótesis científicas. En todos los casos, esta propuesta de mundos alternativos implica una valoración negativa del presente y de una Historia que tanto en clave nacional como en un aspecto más universal o genérico se interpreta como un proceso marcado por la intolerancia, la violencia y el rechazo al diferente.
Assessment of Sesame Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Sesami) on Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in North Gondar, Ethiopia
Authors: Azanaw Asfaw , Fininsa Chemeda , Sahile Samuel O. , Terefe Geremew
Published: February 2020

Sesame is one of the important oil crops in Ethiopia for the international market while its production has challenged by lack of appropriate agronomic practices, weather uncertainties, weeds, insects and diseases outbreaks. Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas campestris PV. sesami is the most common and inflicts heavy qualitative and quantitative losses. The objectives of the present study were to assess bacterial blight incidence, severity and its association with agronomic practices in north Gondar Ethiopia. A Field survey was conducted in Metema and Mirab Armachiho in 2014 cropping season at flowering and fruiting growth stages. A total of 80 fields were assessed for the disease assessment from both large and small-scale farmers. Data on prevalence, incidence, severity and, management practices have been recorded. All surveyed fields were infected both at flowering and fruiting stage of the crop. Mean incidence over the two districts varied from 78% at Metema to 96.5% at Mirab Armachiho. The minimum mean severity (6.1%) has been recorded in Metema district and, the highest mean severity (76.9%) has been recorded at Mirab Armachiho. The association of independent variables with bacterial blight incidence and severity were varied. The district, variety, growth stage, altitude, slope, crop density, previous crop, soil type, and weed density variables have significantly associated with bacterial blight incidence. Variables producer and sowing date were non-significant as a single predictor in the logistic regression model. Similarly, all the variables were significantly associated with bacterial blight severity.
The Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar are Victim of Genocide!
Authors: Mohajan Haradhan Kumar
Published: February 2020

This article deals with the genocide against the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar. For decades, the Rohingya in Myanmar has been the victim of the extensive violation of human rights. Recently the Rohingya, Karen, San, Chin, and other ethnic groups are facing ethnic cleansing in Myanmar. Of them, the Rohingya is the mostly dehumanized and persecuted ethnic minority group. The Rohingya is stateless and exile in its own country. The Government of Myanmar (GoM) has taken attempts for establishing one nation, one language, and one religious policy in the country. Since 2012 the persecution upon the Rohingya in Myanmar falls in the genocide. In 1917, the Rohingya faced the final stages of genocide. Genocide is considered as one of the worst moral crimes a Government can commit against its citizens. An attempt has been taken here to discuss the aspects of genocide, and genocide upon the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar.
Protective Effect of Curcumin on the Density of Hippocampal Dark Neurons in Mice Model of Aging Induced by D-Galactose: A Histopathological Study
Authors: Heidari Zahra , Mohammadi Shabnam , Yousefi Taba Mahdieh
Published: February 2020

Background: Curcumin is the most active ingredient in turmeric root of Curcuma longa of the Zingiberaceae family and has a potent antioxidant activity. This study aimed at investigating the effects of curcumin with various doses on the density of dark neurons in the hippocampus of induced D-galactose aging mice model. This experimental study was conducted on 40 adult male BALB/c mice.
Materials and Methods: We randomly divided animals into 5 groups: D-galactose, control, and curcumin 1, curcumin 2, and curcumin 3 groups. D-galactose (300 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into the D galactose group for 6 weeks. D-galactose and doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg of curcumin were administrated, respectively, to the curcumin groups 1-3 every day for 14 days. After 6 weeks, the mice’s brains were stained with toluidine blue after tissue passage. Then, the mean dark neuron volume density in each unit of the tissue was assessed using stereological formulas. The obtained data were analyzed by Aanlysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SPSS.
Results: Compared with the control group, the average number of dark neurons in the hippocampus significantly increased following the administration of D-galactose (P=0.001). The average dark neurons frequency in the hippocampus significantly decreased in the 50 and 100 mg/kg curcumin-treated groups (P=0.001 for both) compared to that of the D-galactose treated animals.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that treatment with 100 mg/kg of curcumin reduced the number of dark neurons in the hippocampus of the aging mice. It seems that curcumin decreases dark neurons via the reduction of apoptosis. Also, curcumin is a powerful antioxidant and affects the level of antioxidant status in the brain.
Tumor de celulas esteroideas: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Ramírez Javier Andrés , Suescún Óscar , Palomino María Cristina
Published: February 2020

Introducción: el tumor de células esteroideas sin otra especificación es una neoplasia poco frecuente de los cordones sexuales del ovario, caracterizada por presentarse en cualquier edad y producir diferentes manifestacionesendocrinasporel influjohormonal de las pacientes que lo padecen. Su potencial de malignidad es de 50%.Objetivo: informar el caso de una paciente de 50 años a la cual se le diagnosticó un tumor de células esteroideas sin otra especificación de comportamiento maligno por medio de un estudio histológico y de inmunohistoquímica. Asimismo, se pretende revisar la literatura disponible respecto a la presentación clínica, la genética, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de este tipo de neoplasia.Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos MEDLINE, Embase, HINARI, Ovid, SciELO y BIREME, a partir de la cual se incluyeron artículos de investigaciones originales y artículos de revisión publicados entre 1987 y 2008.Resultados: se encontraron 74 reportes de casos, para los cuales las manifestaciones clínicas eran variables e inespecíficas dadas según la producción de hormonas tales como la testosterona, los estrógenos o los progestágenos. Las pacientes también podían presentar dolor abdominal, ascitis severa, y síndrome de Cushing. De otro lado, el diagnóstico diferencial incluyó otros tumores esteroideos como: tecomas, luteinizantes, luteomas del embarazo, carcinoma primario de células claras, metastásico de células renales, tumores de células de Leydig y sus subtipos hiliares y no hiliares. Ante esto, el tratamiento requerido debió ser quirúrgico con tratamiento hormonal adyuvante con agonistas de receptores de la hormona liberadora de gonadotropina (GnRH).Conclusión: el tumor de células esteroideas es infrecuente y está asociado con síndromes endocrinos. El manejo no se ha estandarizado y debe individualizarse según la histología tumoral, el estadio quirúrgico y el deseo de fertilidad de la mujer. Asimismo, se requieren estudios para avanzar en el conocimiento de estos tumores.
Assédio Moral no Âmbito da Justiça: Quando o Cenário Produz Violência Psicológica e Danos na Saúde de Servidores Públicos Brasileiros
Authors: Pooli Adriana Machado , Riss Loren Aita , Henrich Patricia , Monteiro Janine Kieling
Published: February 2020

Resumo
Desde a última década do século XX, devido às repercussões na saúde do trabalhador, as pesquisas acerca do assédio moral têm se intensificado. O fenômeno está inserido em diversos cenários, com implicações nas organizações e, por conseguinte, na sociedade. Este estudo objetivou analisar quais fatores do contexto de trabalho se relacionam à presença de Assédio Moral em Instituição Judiciária brasileira, bem como que variáveis podem estar associadas aos danos na saúde destes servidores públicos. O alcance da pesquisa foi transversal e correlacional. Obtiveram-se os dados por meio de questionário biossociodemográfico e laboral, do Questionário de Atos Negativos (QAN), das escalas Avaliação do Contexto de Trabalho (EACT) e de Danos relacionados ao Trabalho (EADRT). As análises estatísticas evidenciaram que quanto maior o tempo de serviço mais suscetível o servidor público fica a práticas de Assédio Moral, houve correlações significativas positivas entre as dimensões contexto de trabalho, organização do trabalho, relações socioprofisssionais e a presença de assédio moral, bem como entre práticas de atos negativos no contexto laboral e danos à saúde. Como causas preponderantes do fenômeno investigado emergiram fatores relacionados ao cenário onde é desenvolvido o trabalho.
System for the evaluation of malting quality of wheat varieties
Authors: PSOTA Vratislav , Musilová Markéta
Published: February 2020

A new system for the calculation of malting quality of wheat varieties was designed. The malting parameters affected by a variety more than by a year or a site were used in the system. These parameters include wort viscosity, soluble nitrogen content, free amino nitrogen content, diastatic power, final attenuation of wort, and extract of malt. The system was used to assess the malting quality in 38 wheat varieties. The point value of each parameter was calculated using the regression equations, and the total value of the malting quality of wheat was determined by the modified “superiority measure” method. The results of the assessment of the wheat malting quality showed considerable differences between the varieties. Several varieties exhibited a more pronounced tendency to accumulate nitrogenous substances in grain. Some varieties, even with a slightly higher content of nitrogenous substances, provided above average malt quality. The set included the varieties that exhibited the optimal content of nitrogenous substances in grain, yet they did not give malt of good quality. Spring wheat varieties Alondra, Anabel, and Seance achieved significantly above average malting quality. Dagmar, Evina, Sultan, Rumor, Sailor, and Brokat exhibited slightly above average malting quality. The proposed system for monitoring malting quality of wheat varieties can help find the varieties suitable for the production of quality wheat malt.
Procesos participativos como base para el contenido y desarrollo de la aplicación móvil de realidad aumentada: Amón_RA, Costa Rica
Authors: Bulgarelli Bolaños Jose Pablo , Valverde Solano María Del Carmen
Published: February 2020

Este artículo aborda el tema de la participación de actores clave vinculados al proyecto de investigación Amón_RA: Implementación de la realidad aumentada como herramienta para la puesta en valor y difusión del paisaje urbano histórico de barrio Amón, en San José, Costa Rica. El producto del proyecto será una aplicación móvil, con la que el visitante de barrio Amón pueda obtener, en tiempo real, información sobre las diferentes capas del paisaje urbano histórico que le rodea, permitiéndole generar un criterio del valor natural, histórico, cultural y social de este sector urbano. La entidad financiadora del proyecto fue la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Extensión del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (TEC).

El artículo responde a la pregunta, cómo los procesos participativos pueden ser un medio tanto para validar como descubrir información de un barrio y la estratificación de sus diferentes componentes urbanos a través del tiempo, con el propósito de plasmar los datos en contenido para una aplicación móvil de realidad aumentada. El tipo de investigación es cualitativa, con un enfoque constructivista donde las personas relacionadas con barrio Amón participaron como fuente primaria de información, lo que le permitió al equipo investigador descubrir datos cualitativamente significativos para poner en valor el paisaje urbano histórico.

Los procesos participativos brindaron el medio para un mayor entendimiento de los significados y experiencias de las personas que habitan o permanecen en el barrio; así como para validar la información encontrada en fuentes formales. Como principal conclusión es que por el valor de la información cualitativa de parte de los agentes sociales, tales como vivencias, anécdotas y secretos como parte del contenido en la aplicación móvil, esta toma un aspecto más cercano para los usuarios. Los procesos participativos en torno a la aplicación fueron un medio para reunir y documentar información no formal que pertenece a la intimidad de las familias vecinas, que se encuentran en un momento histórico donde buscan perpetuar la memoria e identidad de barrio Amón.
Extensión universitaria y turismo: una reflexión sobre el proceso de formación de guías de turismo en Talamanca, Costa Rica
Authors: Arias Hidalgo David
Published: February 2020

Este artículo expone elementos claves en el análisis de la extensión universitaria del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR), en el caso particular de la experiencia de capacitación de guías locales indígenas y su constitución en la primera agencia de turismo indígena (AGITUBRIT) liderada por indígenas Bribris de Talamanca, en Costa Rica. En cuanto al proyecto de extensión se abordó bajo un enfoque de Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP). Se pretende a través de esta experiencia reflexionar sobre las particularidades del trabajo de extensión tales como la importancia del diagnóstico participativo, los periodos de ejecución de un proyecto de extensión, la idoneidad del equipo extensionista, la vinculación interinstitucional, y el rol de las ciencias sociales en los procesos de extensión universitaria, principalmente en una universidad de base ingenieril como lo es el ITCR. Esto último se concluye como un elemento necesario en los procesos de extensión con el fin de propiciar un diálogo de saberes entre la academia y las comunidades originarias en el contexto de la transdisciplinariedad.
La preparación de la biografía en la literatura inglesa
Authors: Surghi Carlos
Published: February 2020

¿Cuál es el objeto de toda biografía? ¿Contar una vida? ¿Perseguir una forma que dé cuenta de la experiencia? ¿Distinguir lo singular que habilita un movimiento de disolución de la vida para estructurarla bajo una forma de obra? Algunas de estas preguntas orientan el presente trabajo, el cual propone un recorrido por diversos momentos de la biografía inglesa (Aubrey, Boswell, Johnson, Strachey) en los cuales, la búsqueda de un método biográfico coincide con la definición de una singularidad: la inteligencia literaria que fascina y seduce al biógrafo.
Special Issue on Wearable Robotics and Mechatronics Technology
Authors: Tanaka Takayuki , Kurita Yuichi , Shima Keisuke , Miki Norihisa
Published: February 2020

Many wearable devices have been developed and are being currently used, owing to the miniaturization of computers and electronic devices and advancements in calculation processing algorithms. They have various uses and forms, for example, a power assist robot for reducing the burden of work, a wearable sensor for measuring the level of activity and health condition of people and animals, and so on. In Japan, wearable devices have attracted attention as an important technology in a human-centered society (Society 5.0) and can help realize economic development and address social problems. A society that can benefit from a wide range of wearable devices is being realized. This special issue covers robotics and mechatronics technologies for next generation wearable devices to realize such a society, including wearable systems and their elemental technology, AI, IoT, and other relative technologies.

We sincerely thank the authors for their fine contributions and the reviewers for their generous time and effort. We would also like to thank the Editorial Board of the Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics for their help with this special issue.
PEMAHAMAN REMAJA TENTANG KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI (PERNIKAHAN DINI DAN PERILAKU BERESIKO) DI SAMPANG MADURA
Authors: Kurniasari Netty Dyah , Hariastuti Iswari , Pardiono Pardiono
Published: February 2020

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pemahaman remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi. Beberapaindikator yang digunakan untuk mengukur adalah akses informasi remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi,pengetahuan remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi, sikap dan kontrol perilaku yang dihayati. Metodeyang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancaralangsung. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Sampang Madura dengan pertimbangan, angka pernikahandini di Kabupaten tersebut termasuk tertinggi di Jawa Timur.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapemahaman remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi (pernikahan dini dan perilaku beresiko) rendah.Rendahnya pemahaman ini karena adat istiadat setempat, kepatuhan remaja thd orang tua dankurangnya informasi tentang kesehatan reproduksi. Kata kunci : kesehatan reproduksi, Madura, Remaja
IbM Transplantasi Terumbu Karang Kelompok Masyarakat Desa Kombang dan Masyarakat Dusun Gili Labak Sebagai Media Meningkatkan Potensi Wisata Selam
Authors: Effendy Mahfud , Muhsoni Firman Farid
Published: February 2020

Pulau Gili labak memiliki luas terumbu karang mencapai 66 ha, dengan kondisi karang hidup seluas 48,7% dan terumbu karang dalam kondisi mati seluas 51,3%. Tujuan pengabdian memberikan pelatihan dan melakukan transplantasi terumbu karang atau budidaya karang untuk menjaga dan merehabilitasi kondisi terumbu karang, Metode kegiatan survei langsung kondisi karang (skin diving) dan pelatihan serta survei kondisi karang dengan metode foto bawah air. Masalah mitra yaitu tutupan karang keras yang hidup diatasi dengan rehabilitasi terumbu karang dengan transplantasi terumbu karang dan penyuluhan dan papan himbuan agar tidak membuang sampah sembarangan. Tahapan pengabdian: 1) Persiapan (pembuatan rak untuk tranplantasi karang, Pembuatan Poster, banner dan stiker, Pembuatan video yang di upload di media youtube; 2) penyuluhan dan pelatihan (materi Materi tentang manfaat terumbu, Materi tentang potensi wisata Pulau Gili Labak, Materi tentang teknik transplantasi terumbu karang) 3) evaluasi dan pendampingan; 4) pembuatan papan himbauan. Evaluasi Pelatihan sebelum pelatihan 92% peserta pelatihan tidak tahu manfaat pentingnya terumbu karang, dengan pelatihan 92% menjadi tahu manfaat pentingnya terumbu karang, dengan pelatihan 84% peserta menganggap perlu sekali terumbu karang dijaga, dengan pelatihan 88% peserta menjadi tahu sekali jika terumbu karang bisa di tanam/budidayakan, dengan pelatihan 88% berpendapat pelatihan ini bermanfaat sekali untuk memberikan pemahaman terhadap perlunya menjaga terumbu karang, 84% peserta pelatihan berpendapat pelatihan ini bermanfaat sekali untuk memberikan pemahaman cara menanam terumbu karang; 84% peserta pelatihan berpendapat sangat bersedia di kemudian hari menjaga terumbu karang.
En el edificio de cartón, Habitaciones: la poética «original» de Ricardo Sumalavia
Authors: Valero Juan Eva
Published: February 2020

Este artículo propone un acercamiento a la primera obra de Ricardo Sumalavia, Habitaciones (1993), desde el punto de vista de la construcción de una nueva visión literaria enraizada en la ciudad, en la serie de relatos que la componen. Inserta en la diversa tradición de la literatura urbana del Perú en el siglo XX, la obra de Sumalavia crea un nuevo planteamiento a través del fragmento y de la historia mínima que transcurre en la ciudad real e imaginada, ya no para referenciar los cambios o el mapa social al modo de sus antecesores más directos, sino para, desde la ciudad, profundizar en comportamientos humanos que son universales. A partir de nuevos mecanismos de la ambigüedad, y del misterio inserto en la realidad cotidiana, se observan los vínculos entre los personajes que, aun protagonizando «habitaciones» en apariencia inconexas, forman un edificio singular, renovador del panorama de la literatura peruana de las últimas décadas.
Robust Procedure for Measuring Particle Size Distribution of Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids Using Laser Diffraction
Authors: Yuan Hongji , Klasner Scott , Growcock Frederick , Perez Greg
Published: February 2020

Since particle size distribution (PSD) affects drilling fluid performance, devices for measuring particle size have been widely used in the field and in laboratories. Laser diffraction (also called laser light scattering) is the technique most often employed, because it is easy, rapid, and provides reproducible results. However, variations in laser diffraction instrumentation and operating protocols in different testing facilities/laboratories can cause the PSD results to vary significantly. The problem is serious for water-based drilling fluids, but it can be even more severe for non-aqueous drilling fluids (NADFs) because of variations in base fluid and the presence of emulsified water. To address this, a work group was formed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) to develop a general and robust testing procedure for measuring PSD of NADFs using laser diffraction instruments. After identifying fundamental variables (including sampling method, instrument, sonication treatment, dispersant) that can affect PSD results, pilot testing was carried out with various instruments to determine general operating settings regardless of the specific instrument. Based on these studies, a measurement procedure was developed and evaluated with a round robin test in which five NADFs possessing different base fluids, solids content, and water/oil ratios were measured by several laboratories using different particle sizers. The PSD results of these five fluids measured by different laboratories agreed well, confirming the robustness of the measurement procedure. The developed measurement procedure has been accepted and will be included as a recommended procedure in the API RP 13I 2019 revision. This paper will discuss the development of the procedure and the round robin test results in detail.
Real-Time Drilling Advisory Roadmap System Delivers Superior Performance When Used in Conjunction with Downhole Embedded Drilling Dynamics Sensors
Authors: Jones Steve , Sugiura Junichi
Published: February 2020

In North America shale development drilling, multiple wells are typically drilled from one pad, and multiple pads are constructed on one lease. Pad drilling allows for numerous lateral wells to be landed parallel to each other in similar lithological sequences. The bottom-hole assemblies (BHAs), drill bits, and drilling practices are incrementally tuned to maximize the rate of penetration (ROP) while minimizing non-productive time (NPT) in pad drilling. This paper describes the use of a real-time drilling parameter advisory system, which aids the objectives of pad drilling and producing consistently better drilling performance.

The real-time drilling parameter advisory system has been developed in conjunction with the learnings from downhole embedded drilling dynamics sensors. The advisory system is pre-programmed with a parameter roadmap that has been developed from analysis of offset downhole embedded sensor, mechanical specific energy (MSE), gamma-ray log and electronic drilling recorder (EDR) data.

The advisory system displays "ideal performance" drilling parameters, such as surface WOB (weight on bit), RPM (revolutions per minute) and GPM (gallons per minute), for a given true vertical depth (TVD), formation transition zone and formation. The "ideal" parameter window of operation is displayed alongside the actual drilling parameters. MSE is used as a guide for comparison of offset drilling efficiency versus current drilling efficiency. Offset well data from optimally placed embedded drilling dynamics sensors (at-bit and string measurements) and gamma-ray counts are also displayed on the advisory system. This gives the user a "look-ahead" of what trouble zones or formation changes that are approaching. Essentially an early warning system with guidance included.

The novelty of this advisory system is the ability to display the offset-well drilling dynamics data, as well as MSE, gamma-ray counts, and ROP so that the users can be fully aware of the approaching formation tops and troublesome local lithologies and can make sense of the recommended surface parameters. The use of embedded drilling dynamics data in every well for a field development, along with the drilling parameter advisory system, helps generate consistently optimal drilling performance well after well.
Validation of Transient Annular Pressure Build-Up APB Model Predictions with Field Measurements in an Offshore Well and Characterization of Uncertainty Bounds
Authors: Pai Rahul , Gupta Anamika , Sathuvalli Udaya B , Suryanarayana P V , Affes Sami , Okoroafor John , Nwamara Ndubuisi
Published: February 2020

The average geothermal gradient in the subject deepwater field in Nigeria is 4.37 °C/100 m, nearly twice the gradient in most fields. As a result, the magnitude of the expected annular pressure build-up (APB) during steady state production is large enough to threaten well integrity. Therefore, an insulating packer fluid (IPF) was used in Annulus A to reduce heat transfer to the outer annuli and to regulate the APB within acceptable values.

To gain confidence in the thermal analyses and to estimate the efficacy of the IPF, downhole temperature and pressure sensors were installed in the completion string and in the Christmas Tree of selected wells. Measurements during flow tests on these wells were thereby obtained.

Our paper reports the results of a study that compares the temperature and pressure measurements from these wells with model predictions. Specifically, we compare APB predictions with field measurements and determine the validity of the thermal model and rheological models of the IPF fluid used in the thermal model. We also characterize the uncertainty inherent in predictions of wellbore temperatures.

There are few published downhole annular P-T measurements. Therefore, the reliability (and post-installation performance) of APB mitigation devices is often difficult to assess. This project to obtain measurements of downhole APB under controlled conditions is an important step in the calibration of currently used APB models, and in the establishment of guidelines for "robust" well design(s) in the face of APB loads and lifetime well integrity concerns.
FEA-Based Fatigue Modeling of Cuts and Pits Saves Money and Reduces Drill String Risk
Authors: Pettit Grant , Lee Kang
Published: February 2020

In different inspection standards, corrosion pits in drill pipe tubes are treated in different ways. Sometimes they are considered a stress concentrator and subjected to relative depth limitations (like a maximum of 10% of the adjacent wall); sometimes they are only considered as a location of wall loss, so the steel thickness underneath them is the only acceptance parameter. This work clarifies the difference in severity between these two types of imperfections, and enables the definition of a reasonable inspection process.

Slip cuts and corrosion pits with varying depths were modeled using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) techniques for multiple drill pipe sizes. The resulting stresses and strains under tension and bending loads were used to calculate the fatigue lives of these components. The resulting number of cycles to failure does not correspond to the real lifetime of real pipe—there are too many variables and neglected parameters—but the results can be compared within the data set to determine which options are better and worse and by how much.

Significantly, this research validates the approach taken by some standards to neglect the stress concentration effects of corrosion pitting, only considering the wall thickness remaining for the purposes of inspection. The commercial benefit to this is huge: it allows the inspector to not have to reject or repair a drill string’s worth of light corrosion pitting. This research indicates this is valid and safe in many cases, but in the more-stringent inspections used for offshore drill pipe the relative depth of the pitting also needs to be considered.
A Voice Interface for Drilling Systems
Authors: Chatar Crispin , Huang Zhe , Hadrovic Peter
Published: February 2020

Every year, millions of dollars in man hours are used for reporting by wellsite personnel. Input peripherals are evolving exponentially as the latest technologies drive what is possible. One of these technologies is a voice interface system.

Consider the case where a system of smart microphones records what is said at the wellsite. This system would also be connected to the rig’s data and control system. At the end of the day, a report could be generated by a system that is smart enough to understand the context of conversations and merge it with sensor data. In addition, as automation becomes more prevalent for drilling operations and as head count on the rig decreases, drillers will be able to spend less time documenting daily activities or hunting down data. The system could also be used to control a drilling system via voice. This is the future that is being built today.

Working with third party partners and using their technology as a base, a proof of concept interface for the rig with voice as an input was built. Testing of multiple scenarios including context simulation, data transfer, data logging, specific log extraction, data feedback and control of a test rig was executed here have been some challenges which are unique to our drilling environment such as noise, distinguishing the origin of an audio source, and new context generation. For these, work was done with local startups as well as some major players from outside the industry to define what solutions already exist or could exist in the future. It is possible to then implement these as an additional layer. The solution also applies to operations outside drilling for other domains in the oil and gas industry. Testing has also been done on the voice interface for production monitoring on demo pumps.

This paper will describe a future that could only be imagined previously. Technologies that exist outside our industry have been merged from various sources to create a unique solution to these problems. The paper will discuss what has been done so far and show the potential of this system for which a real-time demo was created. There will be discussion on challenges along with the strategies that can be employed to solve them. Of these, some have already been tested—these will also be showcased.
Large-Scale Deployment of a Closed-Loop Drilling Optimization System: Implementation and Field Results
Authors: Lai Stephen W. , Ng James , Eddy Aaron , Khromov Sergey , Paslawski Dan , van Beurden Ryan , Olesen Lars , Payette Gregory S. , Spivey Benjamin J.
Published: February 2020

On a land-based rig, the driller has many responsibilities and is rarely able to adjust the main process controls, WOB and RPM, on a continuous basis. The result is sub-optimal drilling and longer spud-to-TD time than necessary. Automatic, closed-loop optimization removes this burden and results in better and more consistent drilling performance. In this paper, a closed-loop drilling optimization system is presented with results from over 1700 wells in the field.

The closed-loop system builds on industry-proven advisory technology and is designed uniquely for petroleum drilling. Since formation characteristics can change rapidly with depth, a fast optimization algorithm based on input signal dithering is used to continually adjust drilling parameters to search for the highest possible ROP and lowest possible MSE. Drilling dysfunctions, such as stick-slip and formation stringers, are treated as discrete time events and mitigated using software protocols triggered by accurate detection algorithms. Also, operation of the inner loop autodriller is of critical importance and controlled using a specialized set of autodriller management protocols.

Over the past 2 years, the system has been deployed on over 270 rigs for construction of over 1700 land wells in North America. One of the main deployment challenges was the need for full organizational buy-in from both rig and office personnel. Another major challenge was the need for parameter limit roadmaps which define reasonable, but non-conservative, optimization limits to be used during the drilling of each well. Drilling performance on approximately 90 wells was analyzed and compared to equivalent offset wells. The result was an average ROP improvement of 6.5% and 7.6% in the vertical and lateral sections, respectively. A case study is presented highlighting improved ROP when the optimization system was used.
Reduce Downhole Drilling Motor Bit-To-Bend and Increase Drilling Performance Through Novel Bearing Lubrication Configuration
Authors: Hankins James , Thompson Patrick , Marchand Nick , Smith Roger , Wong Jerry
Published: February 2020

Short bit-to-bend (SBTB) drilling motors are desirable for their increase in drilling performance and reliability. A SBTB drilling motor is usually achieved by reducing the side loading capability, torque capacity, or thrust capabilities of the drilling motor. The new SBTB technology allows directional drillers to use high-torque power sections and maintain the same weight-on-bit (WOB) parameters. Lower bend settings on a SBTB reduce the stress on housings and will achieve the same build-up rate (BUR) as a conventional drilling motor. These features reduce costs, improve performance, and enable drilling time savings.
Guidance for Calibration of a Directional Drilling Wellbore Propagation Model Using Field Data
Authors: D'Angelo John , Pehlivanturk Can , Ashok Pradeepkumar , van Oort Eric , Shahri Mojtaba , Vasicek Alan , Behounek Michael
Published: February 2020

Accurately estimating the directional tendency of a drill string is important to ensure tracking of the planned trajectory and to prevent over/undershooting targets. Predicting this tendency is often achieved through calibration of a physical model of wellbore propagation using previous directional drilling data. However, the amount of relevant prior information to use and the uncertainty in future predictions is not always clear.

The goal of the work reported here was to determine the amount of prior directional drilling data to use for calibration, and the frequency at which recalibration should occur to ensure accurate predictions of wellbore propagation. A procedure was designed to provide this information for a given wellbore propagation model in a given field. The particular model used in this study is a quaternion-based wellbore propagation model that describes the motion of the bit as a rigid body in space which moves based on fixed angular velocities and drilling inputs given in the form of a traditional slide sheet. However, the procedure can be used for any wellbore propagation model that requires calibration on prior directional drilling data.

The procedure consists of two tests. The first test (hold-out test) shows how the prediction error varies over an increasing amount of calibration data while holding the testing-set size constant. The second test (prediction test) shows how the prediction error varies over an increasing testing-set size while holding the amount of calibration data constant. These variations in prediction error can then be examined by looking at the spread of data over these tests.

The test methodology was applied on field data obtained from North American wells where bent sub motors were used for deviation control. The first test showed diminishing returns when incorporating more actions into the model calibration. In cases where bottom-hole assembly (BHA) changes were observed, calibrating on a larger number of prior actions slightly increased the test error. The second test allowed us to approximate the error propagation rate of our model predictions in the current field. The procedure described in this paper allows for such information to be quantified and visualized easily to improve the directional driller's understanding of the needs and reliability of the wellbore propagation model being used.
New Version of IADC Daily Drilling Report Significantly Increases Granularity, Provides Opportunity to Collaborate Using a Common Digital Format
Authors: Shackleton David , van Kuilenburg Robert , Moralez Nathan , Macmillan Robin , de Wardt John , Hsieh Linda
Published: February 2020

The International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) Daily Drilling Report (DDR) is used on more drilling rigs worldwide than any other reporting system. The original version developed mid-last century (Killalea 2005) has not been routinely updated to accommodate the industry needs, causing its full potential to be unrealized. IADC launched the DDR Plus™ project in 2018 to unlock greater value by bringing it in-line with 21st century technologies.

An in-depth industry survey identified major user requirements for an updated DDR. IADC's Advanced Rig Technologies (ART) Drilling Controls Systems (DCS) subcommittee focused on two areas: updating the Operations code set used to record activities at the rig site and developing a standard digital description of the report leveraging modern, XML-based industry standards.

This paper describes the approach IADC took to successfully update the IADC DDR, from identifying a concept using industry input and scope debate to the development of the final product.

The IADC DDR Plus is fully backward compatible with previous versions of the report, while it adds four additional layers of codes to increase granularity significantly. The industry-standard Wellsite Information Transfer Standard Markup Language (WITSML) data exchange standard, developed and maintained under Energistics (Pickering et al. 2009), was adopted as the basis for the report's digital description. Where necessary, WITSML was adapted to the needs of the DDR Plus. Combining the WITSML data transfer protocol and the IADC DDR Plus code structure allows users to integrate real-time data into their digital DDR.

The new IADC DDR Plus provides users with the opportunity to standardize on an industry-collaborated solution. As companies aim to be more competitive in today's drilling market, the new DDR Plus provides greater visibility of their operations and can lead to more in-depth analysis of well construction cycles and reductions in invisible lost time. The standard format provides opportunities for increased industry collaboration and benchmarks where they wish to compare data using the digital description's more detailed standard format. The DDR Plus lends itself to automated reporting from rig sensors, thereby reducing the manhours necessary for data input.
Accounting for Hydraulics and Vibration in MSE Calculations to Estimate Formation Properties
Authors: Trivedi Ajesh Sanjay , Clarkson Christopher R , Shor Roman J
Published: February 2020

Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE), the amount of work done to drill a unit volume of rock, has been evolving as an important parameter to indicate drill-bit efficiency by quantifying bit-rock interactions. Until now, the industry application has been on drilling efficiency, however, the study extends this application by utilizing MSE for estimating subsurface rock properties such as rock strength. Once known, rock strength may be used for improved geosteering – since measurement of MSE is at the bit – or for completion designs. In this study, high resolution (10-second) drilling data is used for the analysis. An updated MSE calculation is proposed which incorporates mud motor dynamics, frictional losses along the drill-string, and drillstring dysfunctions (i.e. vibration). Two new parameters in the form of Hydraulic Specific Energy (HSE), that estimates role of hydraulic impact force at the formation, rather than bit bottom and Vibration Specific Energy (VSE), that estimates the energy associated with vibrations and how it impacts the translational (weight on bit) and rotational energy (Torque) supplied from the top-drive, have been introduced. Upon correcting MSE values for drill-string vibrations (VSE), mud-motor effects and frictional losses along the drill-string, as well as incorporating hydraulic term (HSE), the comparison between MSE and Rock CCS along the well show a high degree of correlation giving an indication of using MSE to estimate rock strength. These corrected MSE values are the actual energy requirements (MSEactual) contributing towards rock-cutting action downhole. Finally, rock CCS values are estimated using the correlations developed between corrected MSEactual and corresponding drilling efficiency calculated as a function of RMS amplitudes of drillstring vibrations.
Whole-exome sequencing detection of the somatic mutations associated with the tumorigenesis and gefitinib-response of mucoepidermoid carcinomas
Authors: Wu Yufeng , He Zhen , Zhang Zhe , Wang Lili , Yang Sen , Liu Yang , Dong Bing , Guo Yongjun , Wang Wei , Zhang Yuhong , Wang Qi , Zhang Yi , Wang Qiming
Published: February 2020

Background: We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on the sputum and blood samples of a MEC patient exploring the genetic alternations underlying the mechanism of mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) and gefitinib response.Methods: We previously reported a 10-year old MEC patient who was cured after a complete response to gefitinib treatment. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the samples of this patient to detect somatic mutations. Detected genes harboring somatic mutations were compared with previously reported mutant genes related to MEC.Results: Somatic mutations were detected in 13 previously reported oncogene and tumor suppressors, and enriched in apoptosis (RIPK1, SPTA1, and ACTG1). The loss and gain of phosphorylation amino acids occurred in 8 of the 34 non-synonymous mutations, which resided in ARL6, DNAH11, PGM5, PRAMEF15, RALGAPB, RANBP2, TTN, and UBN1. TTN bared two Ala to Thr mutations. Among the 50 genes containing detected somatic mutations, ADAM28, DYSF, GP2, PPP2R5B, and TTN were also detected in a previous study; and all of these overlaps were identified in low and intermediate grade samples.Conclusions: These findings underline the possibility of the accumulated somatic mutations in the tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes might contribute to the tumorigenesis of our MEC patient, which have potential applications for the therapies of MEC.
Nurses communication skill and associated factors in Amhara Region Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Yazew Kassahun Gebeyehu , Gebrie Mignot Hailu , Aynalem Zewdu Bishaw
Published: February 2020

Background: - Nurses are critical in the delivery of essential health services and are core in strengthening the health system. So, the aim of this article was to assess the prevalence of the communication skills of the nurses to patient and determinant factors in Amhara Region Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2019 Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 18 to April 16, 2019 in Amhara Region Referral Hospitals. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 684 respondents. Data was collected using pretested and self-administered questionnaire. Collected data was entered into Epi Info version 7.1.2.0 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. Bivariate analysis was used primarily and variables with p-value ≤ 0.2 were further examined using multivariable logistic regression model to control con-founders. Then, variables having p-value less than 0.05 with 95% CI were used to determine associated factors. Results: - Out of 678 study participants, 403 (61.4%) of them had effective communication skills with 96.8 % of the response rate. Less than 5 years of working experience [AOR=2.77; 95% CI: (1.28, 5.99)], workload [AOR=1.52; 95% CI: (1.09, 2.12)], and poor evidence-based utilization [AOR=2.00; 95% CI: (1.40, 2.85)] were associated with the nurse’s effective communication skill to patients. Conclusions: More than half of the participants were had effective communication skills. Year of working experience, workload, and poor evidence-based utilization were the main contributing factors of the communication skills. Keywords: Communication skills, Nurses, Patients, Ethiopia
A Comparison between independent living elders and residents in 25 German Nursing Homes following the Group-Living Principle. An empirical study focusing on the subjective perspective of quality of live
Authors: Simon Anke
Published: February 2020

Objective. The purpose of this study was to analyse the subjective quality of life (QoL) perceived by older people in German nursing homes following the group-living principle.Methods. The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) as health-related QoL measuring instrument was employed in 25 nursing homes (n=404 participants). A comparison with the national German representative sub-sample of independent living elders (age-group over 75) was conducted. Psychometric properties and appropriateness were analysed.Results. Our findings indicate an acceptable perception of residents’ QoL. The mean NHP scale scores show, that the perceived QoL of residents in group-living nursing home reached nearly the same level as independently living elders (national German reference values, age group over 75 years, except for the NHP sub-scale physical mobility). QoL related results on life satisfaction and feeling of happiness confirm the NHP findings. The preliminary pilot study protocol could be replicated, according to good scientific practice.Conclusions and implications. The report presents the first major investigation in the research field of subjective quality of life in group-living nursing homes. The study focused on people over 75 years of age with age-specific reduced physical and mental abilities. The NHP should also be considered as a reliable, valid and for older people appropriate instrument. Due to the lack of research on residents’ perspectives, further studies should follow to establish age-specific and care setting-specific reference data for nursing home residents. In particular, more research is needed to answer the question, which care setting best meets people’s essential needs in older age.