bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social participation is an important health behaviour for health and quality of life among chronically ill older Chinese people
Authors: Feng Zeyun , Cramm Jane Murray , Nieboer Anna Petra
Published: July 2020

Background: Health behaviours (physical activity, maintenance of a healthy diet and not smoking) are known to be beneficial to the health and well-being of chronically ill people. With China's ageing population and increased prevalence of people with chronic diseases, the improvement of unhealthy behaviours in this population has become crucial. Although recent studies have highlighted the importance of social participation for health and quality of life (QoL) among older people, no study to date has included social participation along with more traditional health behaviours. Therefore, this study aimed to identify associations of multiple health behaviours (social participation, physical activity, maintenance of a healthy diet and not smoking) with health and QoL outcomes (including cognitive and physical function) among chronically ill older adults in China.Methods: For this nationally representative cross-sectional study, wave 1 data from the World Health Organization’s Study on global AGEing and adult health (China) were examined. In total, 6,629 community-dwelling older adults (mean age, 64.9 years) with at least one chronic disease were included. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to evaluate associations of health behaviours with health and QoL outcomes while controlling for background characteristics.Results: Greater social participation was associated with better QoL [β = 0.127, standard error (SE) = 0.002, p < 0.001], cognitive function (β = 0.154, SE = 0.033, p < 0.001) and physical function (β = –0.102, SE = 0.008, p < 0.001). Physical activity was associated with better QoL (β = 0.091, SE = 0.015, p < 0.001) and physical function (β = –0.155, SE = 0.062, p < 0.001). Sufficient fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with better QoL (β = 0.087, SE = 0.015, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that social participation is an important health behaviour for quality of life and cognitive function among chronically ill older people in China. Health promotion programmes should expand their focus to include social participation as a health behaviour, in addition to physical activity, maintenance of a healthy diet and not smoking.
Therapeutic Effect of Dual CAR-T Targeting PDL1 and MUC16 Antigens on Ovarian Cancer Cells in Mice
Authors: Li Tong , Wang Jiandong
Published: July 2020

Background: More favorable treatment against epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is urgently needed because of its insidious nature at an early stage and a low rate of five-year survival. The current primary treatment, extensive surgery combined with chemotherapy, exhibits limited benefits for improving prognosis. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell technology as novel immunotherapy has made breakthrough progress in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, and there were also benefits shown in a partial solid tumor in previous research. Therefore, CAR-T cell technology may be a promising candidate as an immunotherapeutic tool against EOC. However, there are some weaknesses in targeting one antigen from the previous preclinical assay, such as on-target off-tumor cytotoxicity. The dual-target CAR-T cell may be a better choice.Methods: We constructed tandem PD1-antiMUC16 dual-CAR, PD1 single-CAR, and anti-MUC16 single-CAR fragments by PCR and genetic engineering, followed by preparing CAR-T cells via lentiviral infection. The expression of CAR molecules on single and dual CAR-T cells was detected by flow cytometry. The killing capacity and activation of CAR-T cells were measured by cytotoxic assays and cytokines release assays in vitro. The therapeutic capacity of CAR-T cells was assessed by tumor-bearing mice model assay in vivo.Results: We successfully constructed CARs lentiviral expression vectors and obtained single and dual CAR-T cells. CAR-T cells demonstrated robust killing capacity against OVCAR-3 cells in vitro. Meanwhile, CAR-T cells released plenty of cytokines such as interleukin-2(IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). CAR-T cells showed a therapeutic benefit against OVCAR-3 tumor-bearing mice and significantly prolonged the survival time. Dual CAR-T cells were shown to be two to four times more efficacious than single CAR-T cells in terms of survival time. Conclusion: Although exhibiting a similar ability as single CAR-T cells against OVCAR-3 cells in vitro, dual CAR-T cells demonstrated enhanced killing capacity against OVCAR-3 cells as compared to single CAR-T cells in vivo and significantly prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. PD1-antiMUC16 CAR-T cells showed more potent antitumor activity than single CAR-T cells in vivo. The present experimental data may support further research work that will have the potential to lead to clinical studies.
Diversity patterns of soil microbial communities in the Sophora flavescens rhizosphere in response to continuous monocropping
Authors: Lei Haiying , Liu Ake , Zhao Qingsong , Hou Qinwen , Guo Jia , Wang Zhijun
Published: July 2020

Background: Continuous monocropping can affect the physicochemical and biological characteristics of cultivated soil. Sophora flavescens is a valuable herbal medicine and sensitive to continuous monocropping. Currently, diversity patterns of soil microbial communities in soil continuous monocropping with S. flavescens have not been extensively elucidated. Results: In this study, comparative 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) MiSeq sequencing analyses were used to examine the taxonomic community structure and microbial diversity in nonrhizosphere soil (CK) and rhizosphere soils (SCC, TCC, and FCC) sampled from fields that had undergone two, three, and five years of continuous monocropping, respectively. Among the microbial communities, a decreased abundance of Acidobacteria and increased abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were found with the increase in monocropping years of S. flavescens . As the continuous monocropping time increased, the diversity of the bacterial community decreased, but that of fungi increased. Redundancy analysis also showed that among the properties of the rhizosphere soil, the available phosphorus, organic matter, total nitrogen, and sucrase had the greatest impacts on the diversity of the rhizosphere microbial community. Moreover, a biomarker for S. flavescens soil was also identified using the most differentially abundant bacteria and fungi in soil samples. Conclusions: Our study indicates that long-term monocropping exerted great impacts on microbial community distributions and soil physicochemical properties. The relationship between microbial community and physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil would help clarify the side effects of continuous S. flavescens monocropping. Our study may aid in uncovering the theoretical basis underlying obstacles to continuous monocropping and provide better guidance for crop production.
Clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of adnexal torsion in pregnant women: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Yong-xue , Deng Shan
Published: July 2020

Background: Adnexal torsion during pregnancy is a gynecological emergency. Delayed diagnosis and treatment can cause ovarian necrosis and fetal loss. This study assessed the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of adnexal torsion in pregnant women.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary center between January 2008 and January 2018. Eighty-two pregnant women with surgically confirmed adnexal torsion were included. The clinical characteristics, ultrasound data, surgical interventions and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.Results: The median age of the patients was 28 (range, 18-38) years. The median gestational age was 11 (range, 6-31) weeks: 53 (64.6%) were in the first trimester, 21 (25.6%) were in the second trimester, and 8 (9.8%) were in the third trimester. The most common symptoms and signs were sudden pelvic pain (100%) and adnexal or pelvic masses (97.6%), followed by nausea and vomiting (61%). The Doppler blood flow signal disappeared in 62.5% of the patients. Sixty-three (76.8%) patients underwent laparoscopy, and 29 (24.2%) underwent laparotomy. The median gestational age in patients undergoing laparotomy was higher than that in those undergoing laparoscopy (26 weeks vs 10 weeks, p<0.001). Fifty-three (64.6%) patients underwent conservative surgery, with 48 detorsions and cystectomies, 2 detorsions and cyst fenestrations, 1 detorsion only and 2 salpingectomies only. Twenty-nine (25.4%) patients underwent unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. There were no cases of postoperative thrombosis, spontaneous abortion or recurrence during the same pregnancy. Seven patients underwent simultaneous artificial abortion. One patient experienced intrauterine fetal death, and 74 patients had live births.Conclusion: Surgical intervention was required as soon as possible. Laparoscopic conservative surgery is safe and may be appropriate to preserve ovarian function.
An assessment of serial co-cultivation approach for generating novel Zymomonas mobilis strains
Authors: Fuchino Katsuya , Bruheim Per
Published: July 2020

Objective The alphaproteobacterium Zymomonas mobilis is an efficient ethanol producer. By utilizing its distinctive physiological features, Z. mobilis-based biorefinery shows great potential for large scale industrial biofuel production. Serial co-cultivation is an emerging approach that promotes inter-species interactions which can improve or rewire the metabolic features in industrially useful microorganisms by inducing frequent mutations. We applied this method to assess if adaptation to long term co-culture improves or rewires the desirable physiological features of Z. mobilis.Results We performed serial co-culture of Z. mobilis with the baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We observed filamentation of Z. mobilis cells in the co-culture, indicating that the Z. mobilis cells were exposed to a selective pressure due to the presence of a competitor. After 50 times of serial transfers, we characterized the generated Z. mobilis strains. The analysis showed that long term co-culture did not drive significant changes in either the growth or profile of excreted metabolites in the generated strains. In line with this, whole genome sequencing of the generated Z. mobilis strains revealed only minor genetic variations from the parental strain. The result indicates that co-culture method needs to be carefully optimized for Z. mobilis strain improvement.
Work motivation and job satisfaction among health workers of primary health facilities: a mixed-methods study from Nepal
Authors: Khanal Pratik , Choulagai Bishnu P , Acharya Pawan , Onta Sharad
Published: July 2020

Background Work motivation and job satisfaction are linked with the performance and retention of health workforce. Primary health facilities, mostly comprising of mid-level health workers, serve majority of the population in Nepal. The aim of the study was to assess the determinants of job satisfaction in relation to socio-demographics, job characteristics and work motivation status among health workers working in primary health facilities. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted in Jhapa district in Eastern Nepal covering 40 primary health facilities. The data collection involved 151 self-administered questionnaire interviews and 16 in-depth interviews with the health workers. Mean differences in work motivation among those satisfied and unsatisfied with their job was examined using t tests. Logistic regression with 95% confidence interval at p<0.05 was used for identifying associated factors with job satisfaction. Thematic analysis was done for qualitative data. Results Among the study participants, 78.2% were either auxiliary health workers or auxiliary nurse midwives. The median employment period of health workers was 174 months. In the likert scale of five points, the mean score of work motivation was highest for team work (3.99) and lowest for financial motivation (2.21). Age of health workers and satisfaction with career development, and financial motivation were significantly associated with job satisfaction. The qualitative findings also revealed that majority of the health workers were not satisfied with the existing career development opportunities, availability of resources in health facility and financial motivation. Conclusions Dissatisfaction with career development and financial motivation was significantly associated with lower odds of job satisfaction among health workers. Additionally, resource availability in health facility, recognition of work and management support affected job satisfaction. A focus on improving work environment through increased financial motivation and career development opportunities as well as investing in primary health facilities with increased resource support is recommended to improve job satisfaction.
Circular RNA SIPA1L1 promotes osteogenesis via regulating the miR-617/Smad3 axis in dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Ge Xingyun , Li Zehan , Zhou Zhou , Xia Yibo , Bian Minxia , Yu Jinhua
Published: July 2020

Background: Bone regeneration is preferred for bone loss caused by tumors, bone defects, fractures, etc. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells are considered as optimistic tools for bone defect therapy. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a promising candidate for regenerative medicine and bone regeneration. Our previous study showed that up-regulated circSIPA1L1 during osteogenesis of DPSCs is of significance. In this paper, the potential role of circSIPA1L1 in osteogenesis of DPSCs and its underlying mechanisms are explored.Methods: The circular structure of circSIPA1L1 was identified by Sanger sequencing and PCR. Regulatory effects of circSIPA1L1 and miR-617 on mineral deposition in DPSCs were assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S (ARS) staining and in vivo bone formation assay were conducted to verify the biological inﬂuences of circSIPA1L1 on DPSCs. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of Smad3. Localization of circSIPA1L1 and miR-617 was confirmed by FISH. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and rescue experiments were conducted to investigate the role of the circSIPA1L1/miR-617/Smad3 regulatory axis in osteogenesis of DPSCs.Results: Sanger sequencing and back-to-back primer experiments confirmed the closed loop structure of circSIPA1L1. CircSIPA1L1 could promote the committed differentiation of DPSCs. MiR-617 was predicted to be the target binding circSIPA1L1 through MiRDB, miRTarBase, and TargetScan database analyses, which was further confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. FISH results showed that circSIPA1L1 and miR-617 colocalize in the cytoplasm of DPSCs. MiR-617 exerted an inhibitory effect on osteogenesis of DPSCs. Knockdown of circSIPA1L1 or upregulation of miR-617 down-regulated phosphorylated Smad3. In addition, rescue experiments showed that knockdown of miR-617 reversed the inhibitory effect of circSIPA1L1 on osteogenesis of DPSCs.Conclusion: CircRNASIPA1L1 promotes osteogenesis of DPSCs by adsorbing miR-617 and further targeting Smad3.
Comparative tail fat transcriptome analysis of key genes and pathways activated in response to fat deposition in two sheep breeds with extreme fat-tail phenotype differences
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xu Mengsi , Wang Juanjuan , Wang Shiyin , Wang Xinhua , Yang Jingquan , Gao Lei , Gan Shangquan
Published: July 2020

Background

Fat tail in sheep presents a valuable energy reserve that has historically facilitated adaptation to harsh environments. However, in modern intensive and semi-intensive sheep industry systems, breeds with leaner tails are preferred. For efficient selection of lean sheep breeds, clarification of the regulatory mechanisms underlying tail fat deposition of sheep is crucial. Altay and Xinjiang Fine Wool (XFW) sheep, two important breeds with distinct tail fat deposition properties, are mainly distributed in the Xinjiang district of China, and serve as ideal models for investigating the mechanisms of tail fat deposition. In the present study, RNA-Seq was applied to determine the transcriptome profiles of tail fat tissues in these two breeds, followed by analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their sequence variations.
Results

In total, 21,527 genes were detected, among which 3,965 displayed significant expression variations in tail fat tissues of the two sheep breeds, including 707 upregulated and 3,258 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis disclosed that 198 DEGs were related to fat metabolism. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, the majority were significantly enriched in adipocytokine signaling, PPAR signaling, and metabolic pathways, with some genes being involved in multiple pathways. Among the 198 DEGs, 22 genes were markedly up or down regulated in tail fat tissue of Altay sheep, supporting their association with the fat tail trait of this breed. A total of 41,724 and 42,193 SNPs were detected in tail fat tissue transcriptomes of Altay and XFW sheep, respectively. The distribution of 7 SNPs in the coding regions of the 22 candidate genes was further investigated in three sheep populations with distinct tail types. In particular, the g.18167532 T/C mutation of ABCA1 and g.57036072 G/T mutation of SLC27A2 showed significantly different distributions and were closely associated with tail type.
Conclusions

The present study provides transcriptomic evidence explaining the differences in fat- and thin-tailed sheep breeds and reveals numerous DEGs and SNPs associated with tail type. Our data provide a valuable theoretical basis for selection of lean sheep breeds.
Surgical treatment of 125 cases with congenital diaphragmatic eventration in a single institution
Authors: Zhao Shengliang , Pan Zhengxia , Li Yonggang , An Yong , Zhao Lu , Jin Xin , Fu Jian , Wu Chun
Published: July 2020

Background:This study sought to investigate the clinical characteristics of congenital diaphragmatic eventration (CDE) and to compare the efficacy of thoracoscopy and traditional open surgery in infants with congenital diaphragmatic eventration.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 125 children with CDE(90 boys, 35girls; median age:12.2 months, range 1h-7years;body mass1.99-28.5kg,median body mass 7.87±4.40kg) admitted to our hospital in recent 10years,and statistically analyzed their clinical manifestations and surgical methods. Results:108 children in this group underwent surgery, of which 67 underwent open surgery and 41 underwent thoracoscopic diaphragmatic Plication.107 patients recovered well postoperatively, except for 1 patient with hiatal hernia died of respiratory distress after surgery.Followed up for 1-9.5 years,107 patients had significantly improved preoperative symptoms.Eleven of the 17 children who did not undergo surgical treatment did not see a significant decrease in diaphragm position after 1-6 years of follow-up.In the thoracoscopy group, the lung function values of 13 children before operation and 3 year after operation was compared. The difference in percent of expiratory time to peak tidal time (tPTEF%tE) and percentage of tidal volume to peak tidal expiratory flow(VPEF%VE) was significant (P<0.05).In the thoracoscopy group, the index data on the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, chest drainage time, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative CCU admission time were better than those in the open group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusions: Clinical symptoms of congenital diaphragmatic eventration varied in severity. Patients with severe symptoms should be operated early. All kinds of surgical methods can achieve better results.The clinical symptoms of children after diaphragm Plication operation are better than those before operation.We believe that the continuous suture of barbed wire thread applied to thoracoscopy diaphragm Plication surgery has quick operation time, less trauma, and quick recovery should be the preferred treatment method for infants with congenital diaphragmatic eventration.
Investigating the Impact of Covid19 on Vulnerability to Various Jobs
Authors: Hosseini Narjes
Published: July 2020

Background: At the beginning of 2020, the end of the solar year 1398 and the middle of 1441, the world was faced with an unknown and uninvited virus called "Covid 19". No medicine has been made to fight this virus yet, so the best way to fight this virus Prevention of infection. Due to the spread of the disease, stopping businesses has damaged the country's economy and morale.Methods: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of method. Among the possible sampling methods, a simple random sampling method has been used and in determining the sample size using Cochran's formula, according to the researcher, the sample size is 210 citizens. In this study, the data were collected through questionnaires distributed among the statistical population, the validity of which has already been confirmed by experts and its reliability experts through Cronbach's alpha test with "0.80" percent.Results: Research shows that law enforcement and physicians have been at high risk for viruses and drivers, workers and hoteliers in terms of economic harm. Therefore, the authorities must plan and manage this crisis with optimal solutions, both at this time and in the unintended future conditions that the country may face, such as this virus, in order to minimize the risk to the nation.Conclusions: The Covid 19 virus is the most dreaded virus in the world, killing not only many people, but also disrupting their lives in various economic, social and security dimensions, and destroying the human environment. This period is not weak, but it is expanding, and if it is not controlled, it will pose significant and dangerous social harms to society.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Outcomes of Early Gastric Cancer Treated with Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection at the gastric angle
Authors: Wu Qiaoyan , Jiang Haizhong , Xie Shuanglin , Ding Xiaoyun
Published: July 2020

BackgroundNone studies have been reported focused on Early gastric cancer(EGC) at the gastric angle although EGCs have been commonly found in this region in Chinese patients. We attempted to discover the characteristics of EGC patients treated Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) at the gastric angle that have not yet to be reported.METHODS We reviewed the medical records of patients with EGC treated with ESD from January 2010 to December 2018, and investigated and analyzed clinicopathologic features and ESD outcomes of EGC patients.RESULTSIn all 444 EGC patients receiving ESD treatment, the second most common anatomic site was the gastric angle (23.0%), following the gastric antrum (55.6%). Compared to the other gastric parts, the EGC at the gastric angle had a relatively higher percentage of the flat or depressed lesions (67.7%)( P=0.05) . The rate of severe submucosal fibrosis was significantly higher in the gastric angle lesions(15.69%) than those in the gastric body (4.5%) ,cardia (3.9% ),antrum (1.21%) (P < 0.001) .Among EGCs at the gastric angle there were lower rates of en bloc resection , complete resection and curative resection , as well as higher perforation rate and longer procedure time in the severe submucosal fibrosis group (P<0.05) .CONCLUSIONSThe gastric angle is the second most common location of EGCs resected with ESD.There is a higher rate of severe submucosal fibrosis in EGCs at the gastric angle ,which suggests more attention should be paid to patients with EGCs at the gastric angle referred for ESD.
Leaf Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Relationships with Growth and Yield in Teff
Authors: Mihretie Fekremariam , Tsunekawa Atsushi , Tsuji Wataru , Tsubo Mitsuru , Haregeweyn Nigussie , Tadege Muluken Bayable , Adgo Enyew , Tsugiyuki Masunaga , Gorafi Yasir
Published: July 2020

Background: Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is an important grain crop, but a paucity of research means that the mean yield is below 1.5 t ha−1. Its high genetic diversity has not been exploited to improve its yield potential. Previous efforts at increasing yield were based entirely on phenotypic, morphologic, and agronomic merits. However, photosynthetic capacity has been neglected, so its possible contributions to yield improvements remain unexplored. Results: We grew 15 teff cultivars in a controlled environment to explore variations in photosynthetic capacity and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and examined the relationships of gas exchange and NUE before anthesis with growth and yield attributes. Substantial differences were found in leaf photosynthetic rate (19 ± 9 μmol m−2 s−1, mean ± SD), stomatal conductance (0.11 ± 0.09 mol m−2 s−1), and transpiration rate (2.4 ± 1.3 mmol m−2 s−1). The cultivars differed significantly (P < 0.05) in both NUE (190 ± 227 g m−2) and photosynthetic NUE (59 ± 34 µmol g−1s−1). On average, the plants partitioned 29% of N to leaf, 28% to panicle, and 13% to stem before anthesis. Yield and biomass production were closely associated with photosynthetic capacity and NUE. Clustering of the cultivars on the basis of photosynthesis, NUE, growth, and yield indicates wide variations in photosynthetic capacity and NUE in the wider teff gene pool that should be exploited. Conclusion: We conclude that leaf photosynthesis and NUE are positively related to yield and biomass production in teff.
Molecular Basis for RNA Polymerase-Dependent Transcription Complex Recycling By The Helicase-like Motor Protein HelD.
Authors: Newing Timothy , Oakley Aaron , Miller Michael , Dawson Catherine , Brown Simon , Bouwer James , Tolun Gokhan , Lewis Peter
Published: July 2020

In bacteria, transcription complexes stalled on DNA represent a major source of roadblocks for the DNA replication machinery that must be removed in order to prevent damaging collisions. Gram-positive bacteria contain a transcription factor HelD that is able to remove and recycle stalled complexes, but it was not known how it performed this function. Here, using cryo-electron microscopy and single-particle analysis, we have determined the structures of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase (RNAP) elongation and HelD complexes, enabling analysis of the extraordinary conformational changes that occur in RNAP driven by HelD interaction. HelD has a unique 2-armed structure which penetrates deep into the primary and secondary channels of RNA polymerase. One arm removes nucleic acids from the active site, and the other induces a dramatic conformational change in the primary channel leading to removal and recycling of the stalled polymerase.
MSE Minimized Joint Transmission in Coordinated MultiPoint Systems with Sparse Feedback and Constrained Backhaul Requirements
Authors: Nezafati Mohammad Bagher , Taki Mehrdad , Svensson Tommy
Published: July 2020

In a joint transmission coordinated multipoint (JT-CoMP) system, a shared spectrum is utilized by all neighbor cells. In the downlink, a group of base stations (BSs) coordinately transmit the users’ data to avoid serious interference at the users in the boundary of the cells, thus substantially improving area fairness. However, this comes at the cost of high feedback and backhaul load; In a frequency division duplex (FDD) system, all users at the cell boundaries have to collect and send feedback of the downlink channel state information (CSI). In centralized JT-CoMP, although with capabilities for perfect coordination, a central coordination node (CCN) have to send the computed precoding weights and corresponding data to all cells which can overwhelm the backhaul resources. In this paper, we design a JT-CoMP scheme, by which the sum of the mean square error (MSE) at the boundary users is minimized, while feedback and backhaul loads are constrained and the load is balanced between BSs. Our design is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of CSI matrix and optimization of a binary link selection matrix to provide sparse feedback - constrained backhaul link. For comparison, we adopt the previously presented schemes for feedback and backhaul reduction in the physical layer. Extensive numerical evaluations show that the proposed scheme can reduce the MSE with at least 25% , compared to the adopted and existing schemes.
Deficient macrophage autophagy protects mice from Cerium Oxide nanoparticle-induced lung fibrosis
Authors: Annangi Balasubramanyam , Lu Zhuyi , Bruniaux Jonathan , Ridoux Audrey , Silva Vanessa Marques da , Vantelon Delphine , Boczkowski Jorge , Lanone Sophie
Published: July 2020

BackgroundCerium (Ce) is a rare earth element, rapidly oxidizing to form CeO2, and currently used in numerous commercial applications, especially as nanoparticles (NP). The potential health effects of Ce remain uncertain, but literature indicates the development of rare earth pneumoconiosis accompanied with granuloma formation, interstitial fibrosis and inflammation. The exact underlying mechanisms are yet not completely understood, and we propose that autophagy could be an interesting target to study, particularly in macrophages. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the role of macrophagic autophagy after pulmonary exposure to CeO2 NP in mice. Mice lacking the early autophagy gene Atg5 in their myeloid lineage and their wildtype counterparts were exposed to CeO2 NP by single oropharyngeal administration and sacrificed up to one month after. At that time, lung remodeling was thoroughly characterized (inflammatory cells infiltration, expression of fibrotic markers such as αSMA, TGFβ1, total and type I and III collagen deposition), as well as macrophage infiltration (quantification and M1/M2 phenotype). Results: Such pulmonary exposure to CeO2 NP induces a progressive and dose-dependent lung fibrosis in the bronchiolar and alveolar walls, together with the activation of autophagy. Blockade of macrophagic autophagy protects from alveolar but not bronchiolar fibrosis, via the modulation of macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings bring novel insight on the role of macrophagic autophagy in lung fibrogenesis, and add to the current awareness of pulmonary macrophages as potential new therapeutic targets for future anti-fibrotic therapies.
Prospects on the nano-plastic particles internalization and induction of cellular response in human keratinocytes
Authors: Gopinath Ponnusamy Manogaran , Twayana Krishna Sundar , Ravanan Palaniyandi , Thomas John , Mukherjee Amitava , N Chandrasekaran
Published: July 2020

Background
Today cosmetic usage becomes customary in both sexes to improve their appearance and increase societal visibility. In this study, we have isolated nano-sized plastic particles ranging between 30 to 300 nm from the commercial face-scrubs and investigated its effects on keratinocytes.
Results
Initially, nano-plastics adsorbed protein molecules and formed protein corona, thereby mimicked as protein aggregates, which then triggered the macropinocytosis activity. As a result, corrosion and degradation of plastic particles were observed. Concurrently, nano-plastics concentration-dependent cytotoxic, cytostatic, and cytoprotective activities were found in the keratinocytes. Additionally, a single dose of nano-plastics exposure resulted in the ROS mediated down-regulation of cell growth and proliferation inhibition followed by autophagy, finally, premature aging in HaCaT cells.
Conclusion
At the outset, this work provides insights into the nano-plastics concentration-dependent regulatory, cytoprotective, and cytotoxic effects in HaCaT cells. Further signifies the crucial need for new regulation in nano-plastics usage in cosmetics.
Duration or Timing? What is the Optimal Core for Older Adults to Engage in Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity to Prevent Disability?
Authors: Lai Ting-Fu , Liao Yung , Lin Chien-Yu , Huang Wan-Chi , Hsueh Ming-Chun , Chan Ding-Cheng
Published: July 2020

Background The positive association between the total duration of physical activity and performances of physical function may vary at different times of the day as circadian rhythm regulates individuals in response to external stimulations. We aimed to examine the association of timing-specific and overall moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with performances of physical function in older adults. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 118 older adults (mean age = 70.0 ± 5.0 years). We assessed and identified timing-specific (morning: 06:01-12:00; afternoon: 12:01-18:00; evening: 18:01-24:00) and overall MVPA using a triaxial accelerometer. Different measures of physical function were evaluated including handgrip strength (by grip dynamometer), gait speed (five-meter walk test), basic functional mobility (timed up and go test), and lower limb strength (five times sit-to-stand test). Multivariate linear regression models adjusting for covariates were used to investigate the associations. Results Participants spent 0.4 hours in MVPA per day on average, half the time spent during the morning (47.7%), followed by during the afternoon (29.9%) and evening (21.6%). The time spent on overall MVPA was generally associated with better physical function performances. There was statistical evidence for the percentages of MVPA engagement during the morning ( B = 0.214, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.001 to 0.428) and afternoon ( B = -0.273, 95% CI -0.518 to -0.027) associated with basic functional mobility but with contrary directions; the percentage of MVPA engagement during the evening was associated with less time spent in gait speed performance ( B = -0.237, 95% CI -0.468 to -0.006). Conclusions Our findings inform implications that the overall MVPA engagement was more important than timing-specific MVPA to older adults’ physical function performances. Strategies for accumulating time of MVPA is more practical and effective than encouraging to engage MVPA in specific timing for the enhancement of functional ability and therefore prevent disability among older adults.
Association between Dyslipidemia and Glycemic control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Doya Leen Jamel , Hassan Naya Talal , Nasser Entessar , Khayat Muhammad Imad
Published: July 2020

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and dyslipidemia (DLP) are serious metabolic disorders, and its coexistence has been associated with dangerous outcomes. The purpose of the present study is to investigate dyslipidemia and their relationship with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.Methods: In a cross-sectional study design included 118 patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus aged between 5 and 13 years, who had referred to the outpatient pediatric clinic of endocrinology at Tishreen University Hospital and the Diabetic Center of Latakia, Syria, over 1 year period from October 2018 to November 2019. Anthropometric measurements; serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and triglycerides(TG) were measured.Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between dyslipidemia with a higher mean HbA1C (p=0.0001). Also, a significant relationship was found between all lipid profiles expect HDL-C and poor glycemic control. There was no statistical relationship between dyslipidemia and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), or diabetic durationConclusion: Glycemic control plays a role as a risk factor for the development of dyslipidemia in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
From Pan-genome to the Genomic Context of the Two Integrons of ST-111 Pseudomonas Aeruginosa AG1: A VIM-2-carrying Old-acquaintance and a Novel Imp-18-carrying Integron
Authors: Molina-Mora Jose Arturo , Batán Raquel García , García Fernando
Published: July 2020

Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunist and versatile organism responsible for infections among immunocompromised hosts. This pathogen has high intrinsic resistance to most antimicrobials, including critical strains due to resistance to carbapenems, a last-resort antibiotic. P. aeruginosa AG1 (PaeAG1) is a Costa Rican high-risk ST-111 strain with resistance to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems due to the activity of both VIM-2 and IMP-18 metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). These genes are harbored in two class 1 integrons, belonging to one out of the 57 PaeAG1 genomic islands. However, the genomic context related to these determinants in PaeAG1 and other P. aeruginosa strains is unclear. Thus, we implemented a comparative genomic approach to define and up-date the phylogenetic relationship among complete P. aeruginosa genomes using a pan-genome analysis. We also studied the PaeAG1 genomic islands content in other strains and the architecture of genomic regions around the VIM-2- and IMP-18-carrying integrons.
Results
With 211 strains, the up-dated P. aeruginosa pan-genome revealed that complete genome sequences are able to separate clones by MLST profile (ST), including a clear ST-111 cluster with PaeAG1. The PaeAG1 genomic islands were found to define a diverse presence/absence pattern among related genomes, but content was related to phylogenetic relationships. Finally, landscape reconstruction of specific genomic regions showed that VIM-2-carrying integron (In59-like) is an old-acquaintance element harbored in a known genomic region completely found in other two ST-111 strains. In addition, PaeAG1 has an exclusive genomic region containing a novel IMP-18-carrying integron (registered as In1666), with an arrangement never reported before.
Conclusions
We provide new insights about the genomic determinants associated with the resistance to carbapenems in the high-risk PaeAG1 using comparative genomics. With the pan-genome analysis and the comparison of PaeAG1 genomic islands in other strains, it was possible to describe the genomic landscape of the two MBLs-carrying integrons, including an old-acquaintance element carrying VIM-2 and a new IMP-18-carrying integron.
Differential Expression in Leaves of Saccharum Genotypes Contrasting in Biomass Production Provides Evidence of Genes Involved in Carbon Partitioning
Authors: Correr Fernando Henrique , Hosaka Guilherme Kenichi , Barreto Fernanda Zatti , Valadão Isabella Barros , Balsalobre Thiago Willian Almeida , Furtado Agnelo , Henry Robert James , Carneiro Monalisa Sampaio , Margarido Gabriel Rodrigues Alves
Published: July 2020

Background
The development of biomass crops aims to meet industrial yield demands, in order to optimize profitability and sustainability. Achieving these goals in an energy crop like sugarcane relies on breeding for sucrose accumulation, fiber content and stalk number. To expand the understanding of the biological pathways related to these traits, we evaluated gene expression of two groups of genotypes contrasting in biomass composition.
Results
First visible dewlap leaves were collected from 12 genotypes, six per group, to perform RNA-SEq. We found a high number of differentially expressed genes, showing how hybridization in a complex polyploid system caused extensive modifications in genome functioning. We found evidence that the variation between these groups may be partly due to the expansion of the Saccharum genomes by differential transposition and defense related genes. Genotypes within both biomass groups showed substantial variability in genes involved in photosynthesis. However, most genes coding for photosystem components or those coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases (PEPCs) were upregulated in the high biomass group. Sucrose synthase (SuSy) coding genes were upregulated in the low biomass group, showing that this enzyme class can be involved with sucrose synthesis in leaves, similarly to sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose phosphate phosphatase (SPP). Genes in pathways related to biosynthesis of cell wall components and expansins coding genes showed low average expression levels and were mostly upregulated in the high biomass group.
Conclusions
Together, these results show differences in carbohydrate synthesis and carbon partitioning in the source tissue of distinct phenotypic groups. Our data from sugarcane leaves revealed how hybridization in a complex polyploid system resulted in noticeably different transcriptomic profiles between contrasting genotypes.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1: A Chinese Family with a new germline mutation(c.201delC) and A Detection Errors due to Intron Mutation
Authors: Zhang Fan , Lin Xinyue , Wang Xiaoli , Yu Xiaohui
Published: July 2020

Background: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by germline mutations in the MEN1 gene located on chromosome 11q13. The three main endocrine tissues affected most frequently by tumors in MEN1 are the parathyroid (95%), enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tissues (50%), and anterior pituitary (40%). The purpose of this study was to report on a Chinese family with a new heterozygous MEN1 mutation in exon 2 [NM_130802: c.201delC (p.Ala68Profs*51) with localization to Chr11:64577381 on assembly GRCh37].Methods: A 49-year-old female patient (proband) was admitted to the hospital due to intermittent recurrent hypoglycemia symptoms. After a series of examinations, we found that she had a pancreatic tumor, parathyroid tumor, adrenal tumor, and suspicious gastrinoma. Due to the proband’s suspicious clinical manifestations of MEN1, we performed genetic detection for the proband and her immediate family members. To rule out homozygous mutations caused by deletion of gene fragments, the proband and her immediate family members were detected the MLPA (Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification).Results: A new MEN1 germline mutation [c.201delC (p.Ala68Profs*51)], which could induce MEN1, was found by the genetic test. Two of the proband’s six relatives were found by the genetic test to have the same mutations as the proband, and the proband’s sister has the typical symptoms of MEN1 as well. However, the first time and second time genetic detection results showed that they were homozygous mutation, it didn’t conform to Mendelian inheritance laws. The MLPA results showed that the gene deletion was absent in the MEN1. The third time genetic detection (redesigned the prime) showed that they were heterozygous mutation. This detection errors due to intron mutation.Conclusions: A new germline mutation that induced MEN1, which can improve the identification of clinical phenotypes of MEN1 and the early diagnosis of the disease, was identified. Intron mutation may lead to wrong results of homozygous, which incompatible with Mendelian genetic law. Redesign the primer for gene detection could avoid this situation.
Performance Evaluation of Fifth-generation Ultra-high-resolution Spect System With Two Stationary Detectors and Multi-pinhole Imaging
Authors: Hoffmann Jan V , Janssen Jan P , Kanno Takayuki , Shibutani Takayuki , Onoguchi Masahisa , Lapa Constantin , Grunz Jan Peter , Buck Andreas , Higuchi Takahiro
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Small-animal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) systems with multi-pinhole collimation and large stationary detectors have advantages compared to systems with moving small detectors. This study aims to investigate the performance of a novel ultra-high-resolution scanner with two-detector-configuration (U-SPECT5-E) and to compare its image quality to a conventional micro-SPECT system with three stationary detectors (U-SPECT+).
Methods
The new U-SPECT5-E with two stationary detectors was used for acquiring data with 99mTc-filled point source, hot-rod and uniformity phantoms to analyse sensitivity, spatial resolution, uniformity and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Three dedicated multi-pinhole mouse collimators with 75 pinholes each and 0.25-, 0.60- and 1.00-mm pinholes for extra ultra-high resolution (XUHR-M), general-purpose (GP-M) and ultra-high sensitivity (UHS-M) imaging were examined. For CNR analysis, four different activity ranges representing low- and high-count settings were investigated for all three collimators. The experiments for the performance assessment were repeated with the same GP-M collimator in the three-detector U-SPECT+ for comparison.
Results
Peak sensitivity was 237 cps/MBq (XUHR-M), 847 cps/MBq (GP-M), 2054 cps/MBq (UHS-M) for U-SPECT5-E and 1710 cps/MBq (GP-M) for U-SPECT+. Resolution in the visually analysed sections of the reconstructed hot-rod phantom was 0.35 mm (XUHR-M), 0.50 mm (GP-M) for the two-detector as well as the three-detector SPECT and 0.75 mm (UHS-M). Uniformity for maximum resolution recorded 40.7% (XUHR-M), 29.1% (GP-M, U-SPECT5-E), 16.3% (GP-M, U-SPECT+) and 23.0% (UHS-M), respectively. UHS-M reached highest CNR values for low-count images; for rods smaller than 0.45 mm, acceptable CNR was only achieved by XUHR-M. GP-M was superior for imaging rods sized from 0.60–1.50 mm for intermediate activity concentrations. U-SPECT5-E and U-SPECT+ both provided comparable CNR.
Conclusions
While uniformity and sensitivity are negatively affected by the absence of a third detector, the investigated U-SPECT5-E system with two stationary detectors delivers excellent spatial resolution and CNR comparable to the performance of an established three-detector-setup.
Continuous Block at the Proximal End of the Adductor Canal Provides Better Analgesia Compared to that at the Middle of the Canal After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Trial
Authors: Fei Yuda , Cui Xulei , Chen Shaohui , Peng Huiming , Feng Bin , Qian Wenwei , Lin Jin , Weng Xisheng , Huang Yuguang
Published: July 2020

Background: The optimal position for continuous adductor canal block (ACB) for analgesia after total knee anthroplasty (TKA) remians controversial, mainly due to high variability in the localization of the the adductor canal (AC). Latest neuroanatomy studies show that the nerve to vastus medialis plays an important role in innervating the anteromedial aspect of the knee and dives outside of the exact AC at the proximal end of the AC. Therefore, we hypothesized that continuous ACB at the proximal end of the exact AC could provide a better analgesic effect after TKA compared with that at the middle of the AC (which appeared to only block the saphenous nerve). Methods: Sixty-two adult patients who were scheduled for a unilateral TKA were randomized to receive continuous ACB at the proximal end or middle of the AC. All patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with sufentanil postoperatively. The primary outcome measure was cumulative sufentanil consumption within 24 h after the surgery, which was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests. P-values <0.05 (two-sided) were considered statistically significant. The secondary outcomes included postoperative sufentanil consumption at other time points, pain at rest and during passive knee flexion, quadriceps motor strength, and other recovery related paramaters.Results: Sixty patients eventually completed the study (30/group). The 24-h sufentanil consumption was 0.22 µg/kg (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.15–0.40 µg/kg) and 0.39 µg/kg (IQR: 0.23–0.52 µg/kg) in the proximal end and middle groups (P = 0.026), respectively. There were no significant inter-group differences in sufentanil consumption at other time points, pain at rest and during passive knee flexion, quadriceps motor strength, and other recovery related paramaters. Conclusions: Continuous ACB at the proximal end of the AC has a better opioid-sparing effect without a significant influence on quadriceps motor strength compared to that at the middle of the AC after TKA.These findings indicates that a true ACB may not produce the effective analgesia, instead, the proximal end AC or distal femoral triangle might be a more suitable block to alleviate pain after TKA.Trial registration: This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03942133; registration date: May 06, 2019; enrollment date: May 11, 2019).