bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Are Links in Linked Open Data? A Characterization and Evaluation of Links between Knowledge Graphs on the Web
Authors: Haller Armin , Fernández Javier D. , Kamdar Maulik R. , Polleres Axel
Published: May 2020

Linked Open Data promises to provide guiding principles to publish interlinked knowledge graphs on the Web in the form of findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable datasets. We argue that while as such, Linked Data may be viewed as a basis for instantiating the FAIR principles, there are still a number of open issues that cause significant data quality issues even when knowledge graphs are published as Linked Data. First, to define boundaries of single coherent knowledge graphs within Linked Data, a principled notion of what a dataset is, or, respectively, what links within and between datasets are, has been missing. Second, we argue that to enable FAIR knowledge graphs, Linked Data misses standardised findability and accessability mechanism via a single entry link. To address the first issue, we (i) propose a rigorous definition of a naming authority for a Linked Data dataset, (ii) define different link types for data in Linked datasets, (iii) provide an empirical analysis of linkage among the datasets of the Linked Open Data cloud, and (iv) analyse the dereferenceability of those links. We base our analyses and link computations on a scalable mechanism implemented on top of the HDT format, which allows us to analyse quantity and quality of different link types at scale.
FNED
Authors: Liu Yang , Wu Yi-Fang Brook
Published: May 2020

The fast spreading of fake news stories on social media can cause inestimable social harm. Developing effective methods to detect them early is of paramount importance. A major challenge of fake news early detection is fully utilizing the limited data observed at the early stage of news propagation and then learning useful patterns from it for identifying fake news. In this article, we propose a novel deep neural network to detect fake news early. It has three novel components: (1) a status-sensitive crowd response feature extractor that extracts both text features and user features from combinations of users’ text response and their corresponding user profiles, (2) a position-aware attention mechanism that highlights important user responses at specific ranking positions, and (3) a multi-region mean-pooling mechanism to perform feature aggregation based on multiple window sizes. Experimental results on two real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed model can detect fake news with greater than 90% accuracy within 5 minutes after it starts to spread and before it is retweeted 50 times, which is significantly faster than state-of-the-art baselines. Most importantly, our approach requires only 10% labeled fake news samples to achieve this effectiveness under PU-Learning settings.
Nonuniform Hyper-Network Embedding with Dual Mechanism
Authors: Huang Jie , Chen Chuan , Ye Fanghua , Hu Weibo , Zheng Zibin
Published: May 2020

Network embedding which aims to learn the low-dimensional representations for vertices in networks has been extensively studied in recent years. Although there are various models designed for networks with different properties and different structures for different tasks, most of them are only applied to normal networks which only contain pairwise relationships between vertices. In many realistic cases, relationships among objects are not pairwise and such relationships can be better modeled by a hyper-network in which each edge can connect an uncertain number of vertices. In this article, we focus on two properties of hyper-networks: nonuniform and dual property. In order to make full use of these two properties, we firstly propose a flexible model called Hyper2vec to learn the embeddings of hyper-networks by applying a biased second order random walk strategy to hyper-networks in the framework of Skip-gram. Then, we combine the features of hyperedges by considering the dual hyper-networks to build a further model called NHNE based on 1D convolutional neural networks, and train a tuplewise similarity function for the nonuniform relationships in hyper-networks. Extensive experiments demonstrate the significant effectiveness of our methods for hyper-network embedding.
The Boundaries of the Planetary Boundary Framework: A Critical Appraisal of Approaches to Define a “Safe Operating Space” for Humanity
Authors: Biermann Frank , Kim Rakhyun E.
Published: May 2020

In 2009, a group of 29 scholars argued that we can identify a set of “planetary boundaries” that humanity must not cross at the cost of its own peril. This planetary boundaries framework has been influential in generating academic debate and in shaping research projects and policy recommendations worldwide. Yet, it has also come under heavy scrutiny and been criticized. What is today's overall significance and impact of the notion of planetary boundaries for earth system science and earth system governance? We review here the development of the concept and address several lines of criticism, from earth system science, development studies, and science and technology studies. We also examine some applications of the framework, discuss broader governance implications, and reflect on actual policy relevance. In concluding, we explore the most recent incarnation of the planetary boundaries framework in its avatar as earth system targets supported by an Earth Commission.
Transitional Additive Adsorption with Co-Addition of Suppressor and Leveler for Copper TSV Filling
Authors: Tomie Mineyoshi , Akita Takanori , Irita Masaru , Hayase Masanori
Published: May 2020

Suppression of copper electrodeposition by two additives, suppressor and leveler, were studied using a microfluidic device. In industry, two suppressing agents, one a suppressor and the other a leveler, are usually added together into the plating bath for copper bottom-up TSV (Through Silicon Via) filling. Several studies, including our own previous one, suggest that the leveler is the essential agent for bottom-up filling, with its strong suppression and rapid deactivation. The suppressor shows moderate suppression and slow deactivation, and is believed to interfere with bottom-up deposition. It is unclear why bottom-up deposition is possible with co-addition of the suppressor and why co-addition is popular. In the present study, the suppressor and the leveler were supplied onto the plating surface sequentially, using a microchannel; it was found that the leveler replaces the suppressor. The leveler and suppressor were also supplied simultaneously; the suppressor initially covered most of plating surface, but the leveler gradually replaced the suppressor, and the plating surface was finally dominated by the leveler.
New aspects of hepatic endothelial cells in physiology and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Sun Xinghui , Harris Edward N.
Published: May 2020

The liver is the central metabolic hub for carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. It is composed of four major types of cells, including hepatocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), Kupffer cells, and stellate cells. Hepatic ECs are highly heterogeneous in both mice and humans, representing the second largest population of cells in liver. The majority of them line hepatic sinusoids known as liver sinusoidal ECs (LSECs). The structure and biology of LSECs and their roles in physiology and liver disease were reviewed recently. Here, we do not give a comprehensive review of LSEC structure, function, or pathophysiology. Instead, we focus on the recent progress in LSEC research and other hepatic ECs in physiology and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and other hepatic fibrosis-related conditions. We discuss several current areas of interest, including capillarization, scavenger function, autophagy, cellular senescence, paracrine effects, and mechanotransduction. In addition, we summarize the strengths and weaknesses of evidence for the potential role of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in liver fibrosis.
Premature satellite cell activation before injury accelerates myogenesis and disrupts neuromuscular junction maturation in regenerating muscle
Authors: Daneshvar Nasibeh , Tatsumi Ryuichi , Peeler Jason , Anderson Judy E.
Published: May 2020

Satellite cell (SC) activation, mediated by nitric oxide (NO), is essential to myogenic repair, whereas myotube function requires innervation. Semaphorin (Sema) 3A, a neuro-chemorepellent, is thought to regulate axon guidance to neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) during myotube differentiation. We tested whether “premature” SC activation (SC activation before injury) by a NO donor (isosorbide dinitrate) would disrupt early myogenesis and/or NMJs. Adult muscle was examined during regeneration in two models of injury: myotoxic cardiotoxin (CTX) and traumatic crush (CR) ( n = 4–5/group). Premature SC activation was confirmed by increased DNA synthesis by SCs immediately in pretreated mice after CTX injury. Myotubes grew faster after CTX than after CR; growth was accelerated by pretreatment. NMJ maturation, classified by silver histochemistry (neurites) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE), and α-bungarotoxin staining (Ach receptors, AchRs) were delayed by pretreatment, consistent with a day 6 rise in the denervation marker γ-AchR. With pretreatment, S100B from terminal Schwann cells (TSCs) increased 10- to 20-fold at days 0 and 10 after CTX and doubled 6 days after CR. Premature SC activation disrupted motoneuritogenesis 8–10 days post-CTX, as pretreatment reduced colocalization of pre- and postsynaptic NMJ features and increased Sema3A-65. Premature SC activation before injury both accelerated myogenic repair and disrupted NMJ remodeling and maturation, possibly by reducing Sema3A neuro-repulsion and altering S100B. This interpretation extends the model of Sema3A-mediated motoneuritogenesis during muscle regeneration. Manipulating the timing and type of Sema3A by brief NO effects on SCs suggests an important role for TSCs and Sema3A-65 processing in axon guidance and NMJ restoration during muscle repair.
Overexpression ofSpock2in mice leads to altered lung alveolar development and worsens lesions induced by hyperoxia
Authors: Hadchouel Alice , Franco-Montoya Marie-Laure , Guerin Sophie , Do Cruzeiro Marcio , Lhuillier Mickaël , Ribeiro Baptista Bruno , Boyer Laurent , Lanone Sophie , Delacourt Christophe
Published: May 2020

SPARC/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2 ( SPOCK2) was previously associated with genetic susceptibility to bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a French population of very preterm neonates. Its expression increases during lung development and is increased after exposure of rat pups to hyperoxia compared with controls bred in room air. To further investigate the role of SPOCK2 during lung development, we designed two mouse models, one that uses a specific anti-Spock2 antibody and one that reproduces the hyperoxia-induced Spock2 expression with a transgenic mouse model resulting in a conditional and lung-targeted overexpression of Spock2. When mice were bred under hyperoxic conditions, treatment with anti-Spock2 antibodies significantly improved alveolarization. Lung overexpression of Spock2 altered alveolar development in pups bred in room air and worsened hyperoxia-induced lesions. Neither treatment with anti-Spock2 antibody nor overexpression of Spock2 was associated with abnormal activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2. These two models did not alter the expression of known players in alveolar development. This study brings strong arguments for the deleterious role of SPOCK2 on lung alveolar development especially after lung injury, suggesting its role in bronchopulmonary dysplasia susceptibility. These effects are not mediated by a deregulation in metalloproteases activity and in expression of factors essential to normal alveolarization. The balance between types 1 and 2 epithelial alveolar cells may be involved.
Thermal block of mammalian unmyelinated C fibers by local cooling to 15–25°C after a brief heating at 45°C
Authors: Morgan Tara , Zhang Yan , Pace Natalie , Cai Haotian , Shen Bing , Wang Jicheng , Roppolo James R. , de Groat William C. , Tai Changfeng
Published: May 2020

Our study discovered that the temperature range for producing a partial to complete cold block of mammalian C-fiber axons can be increased from 5–15°C to 15–25°C on average after a preheating at 45°C. This discovery raises many basic scientific questions about the influence of temperature on nerve conduction and block. It also raises the possibility of developing a novel implantable nerve block device to treat many chronic diseases including chronic pain.
Using deep neural networks to detect complex spikes of cerebellar Purkinje cells
Authors: Markanday Akshay , Bellet Joachim , Bellet Marie E. , Inoue Junya , Hafed Ziad M. , Thier Peter
Published: May 2020

Purkinje cell “complex spikes,” fired at perplexingly low rates, play a crucial role in cerebellum-based motor learning. Careful interpretations of these spikes require manually detecting them, since conventional online or offline spike sorting algorithms are optimized for classifying much simpler waveform morphologies. We present a novel deep learning approach for identifying complex spikes, which also measures additional relevant neurophysiological features, with an accuracy level matching that of human experts yet with very little time expenditure.
Adsorption, Modeling, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Studies of Methyl Red Removal from Textile-Polluted Water Using Natural and Purified Organic Matter Rich Clays as Low-Cost Adsorbent
Authors: Romdhane Dalila Fkih , Satlaoui Yosra , Nasraoui Rawya , Charef Abdelkrim , Azouzi Rim
Published: May 2020

Clay minerals have large surface areas that contribute to their high adsorption capacity. Pure clays were often used. However, their prices remain expensive. However, the natural clay minerals that are locally available can have economic and environmental benefits for textile wastewater treatment. The tested natural clays had given low removal yields. Therefore, we wanted to test particular rich organic matter clay for adsorbing azo dye, which is a very toxic molecule. In order to make the use of this clay type have a better efficiency for removal of this dye from the polluted waters, the optimal conditions had been specified. The results indicated that advised conditions were as follows: 5 min was the contact time of dye-clay; the better adsorbent masses were 0.25 g and 0.5 g per 100 ml solution for raw (ANb) and purified clays (ANp), respectively; the initial dye concentrations were 1 gL−1 for raw clay and 50 mgL−1 for purified clay; pH solution had any effect on the yield of dye removal only when raw clay was used; however, acid environment was advised when purified clay was the adsorbent and for the two tested clays about 20–30°C was the better solution temperature. X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed that functional groups of clay adsorbed the dye. Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities of ANb and ANp were found to be 397 mgg−1 and 132.3 mgg−1 at pH 7 and 5, respectively. Raw and chemically activated samples gave similar results. Adsorption of ANb and ANp data showed better agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters of the two adsorbents confirmed that the adsorption was endothermic (ΔH > 0) and spontaneous (ΔG0 < 0). Energy level was high when purified clay was used; however, it was significantly lower when the adsorbent was raw clay. Therefore, it was likely that adsorption by carbonates and organic matter involved small energy amounts. Comparing between these and other previous results, Jebel Louka natural clay type is better recommended for MR removal from textile wastewater, since the removal yield was about 98%. Hence, this tested clay type could provide an alternative low-cost material that could be used in treatment of the textile wastewater rich in MR and the obtained adsorption model and desorption tests provided a background for pilot and industrial scale applications.
The Application of Radiofrequency Waves in Supportive Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Pihut M. , Górnicki M. , Orczykowska M. , Zarzecka E. , Ryniewicz W. , Gala A.
Published: May 2020

In recent years, the number of patients applying for prosthetic treatment due to temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) has been increasing. The main methods for treating disorders are the use of occlusal splints and physiotherapeutic rehabilitation as supportive treatment. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves with radiation frequency between 3 Hz and 3 THz, used for physiotherapeutic treatment of skeletal muscle relaxation in the range of 3 to 6 MHz. The rehabilitation effect of these waves is based on diathermy by means of high-voltage quick alternating current. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of radiofrequency waves on the pain of the masticatory muscles in the course of TMD and the usefulness of these procedures in the supporting treatment of these disorders. Materials and Methods. Patients aged 19 to 45 years, of both sexes, reported to the Consulting Room of TMD at the Institute of Dentistry in Krakow to undertake prosthetic treatment of TMD (I a—according to RDC/TMD). Study group (SG) consists of 20 patients who had 10 supportive treatments with radiofrequency currents. In the case of application of radiation to the muscle area, the energy was 20 J to the area of the masticatory muscles, the frequency was 3 MHz, bipolar technique, the duration of the procedure was 10 minutes, and the coupling substance was a gel for ultrasound examinations. The control group (CG) consisted of 20 patients who had 10 supportive treatments with sonophoresis procedures. For the area of masticatory muscles, 0.9 W/cm2 treatments were applied, the duty factor was 80%, the treatment time was 10 minutes, and the medical substance was 25% Voltaren gel. Results. Analysis of the results of the first clinical examinations (axis I) conducted in both groups shows a homogeneous clinical material and similar results. The second clinical examination revealed improved clinical parameters, but it showed a greater improvement in the SG. In the SG, the mean level of VAS was 6.25, and the extreme values were 5.9–0.14, the median was 2.15, and the standard deviation was 1.54. In the CG, the average value of VAS was 6.20 (peak of 5.2–0.7), the median was 2.4, and the standard deviation was 1.87. Summary. The search for new methods of supportive treatment of TMD is an important research direction due to the complex etiology of this disease and the lack of an explicit treatment algorithm. Conclusion. The results of our own research clearly indicate that the use of the radiofrequency waves brings pain relief and improvement of clinical parameters to a greater extent than in sonophoresis. It can be a very important new method in supportive treatment of TMD. Research needs to be continued.
Fixed-Point Approximations of Generalized Nonexpansive Mappings via Generalized M-Iteration Process in Hyperbolic Spaces
Authors: Chuadchawna Preeyalak , Farajzadeh Ali , Kaewcharoen Anchalee
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we propose the generalized M-iteration process for approximating the fixed points from Banach spaces to hyperbolic spaces. Using our new iteration process, we prove Δ-convergence and strong convergence theorems for the class of mappings satisfying the condition Cλ and the condition E which is the generalization of Suzuki generalized nonexpansive mappings in the setting of hyperbolic spaces. Moreover, a numerical example is given to present the capability of our iteration process and the solution of the integral equation is also illustrated using our main result.
Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control of a Two-Degrees-of-Freedom Manipulator
Authors: Liu Dawei , Gao Qinhe , Chen Zhixiang , Liu Zhihao
Published: May 2020

This paper presents linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) for a two-degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) manipulator system to achieve trajectory tracking. The system is widely used in engineering applications and exhibits the characteristics of high nonlinearity, strong coupling, and large uncertainty with two inputs and two outputs. First, the problem of dynamic coupling in the model of the 2-DOF manipulator is addressed by considering the dynamic coupling, model uncertainties, and external disturbances as total disturbances. Second, a linear extended state observer is designed to estimate the total disturbances, while a linear state error feedback control law is designed to compensate these disturbances. The main contribution is that the stability of the closed-loop system with two inputs and two outputs is analyzed, and the relationship between the performance of the closed-loop system and the controller parameters is established. The joint simulation of SolidWorks and Matlab/Simulink is conducted. The simulation and experimental results clearly indicate the superiority of LADRC over the PID for trajectory tracking and dynamic performance.
Stability of Two Weakly Coupled Elastic Beams with Partially Local Damping
Authors: Zhang Caihong , Huang Yinuo , Wang Licheng , Duan Chongxiong , Zhang Tiezhu , Wang Kai
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the stability of two weakly coupled elastic beams connected vertically by a spring is investigated via the frequency domain method and the multiplier technique. When the two beams have partially local damping, the operator A is obtained via variable conversion, and it generating a semigroup is proved, then we obtain that the semigroup is exponentially stable by reduction to absurdity.
Microcornea and Thickened Lens in Angle Closure following Nonsurgical Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Chang Ta C. , Tran Kimberly D. , Cernichiaro-Espinosa Linda A. , Leung Ella H. , Grajewski Alana L. , Hodapp Elizabeth A. , Abou Shousha Mohamed F. , Berrocal Audina M.
Published: May 2020

Purpose. To characterize the clinical features in young patients with angle closure and to determine the characteristics associated with acquired anterior segment abnormality following retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment. Methods. We performed two retrospective case-control series. In the first series, we identified consecutive young angle closure patients without prior surgeries, with and without a history of ROP treatment; in the second series we identified consecutive patients who underwent ROP treatment, without and without anterior segment changes. Results. In the first series, 25 eyes of 14 consecutive angle closure patients were included: 19 eyes (11 patients, 78.6%) had a history of treated ROP, while 6 eyes (3 patients) belonged to full-term patients. The treated ROP eyes had significantly shallower anterior chambers (1.77 ± 0.17 mm vs 2.72 ± 0.18 mm, P<0.0001) and thicker lenses (5.20 ± 0.54 mm vs 3.98 ± 0.20 mm, P=0.0002) compared to the full-term controls. In the second series, 79 eyes of 40 patients were included, with median gestational age of 24.6 weeks. Acquired iridocorneal adhesion was noted in the eight eyes (10.1%) at a mean age of 4.7 years and was associated with prior zone 1 and plus disease (P=0.0013), a history of initial intravitreal bevacizumab treatment (IVB, P=0.0477) and a history of requiring additional IVB after initial treatment (P=0.0337). Conclusions. Many young angle closure patients may have a history of treated ROP and may present with the triad of increased lens thickness, microcornea, and angle closure.
Hyperchaotic Oscillation in the Deformed Rikitake Two-Disc Dynamo System Induced by Memory Effect
Authors: Wang Yanling , Lei Tengfei , Zhang Xin , Li Chunbiao , Jafari Sajad
Published: May 2020

The fundamental dynamics of the deformed Rikitake two-disc dynamo system is explored in this paper. Memory effect on the dynamical behavior of the generator system is studied by introducing a quadratic flux-controlled memristor. Hyperchaotic oscillation in the deformed Rikitake two-disk coupled generator is therefore firstly found. Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagram, and phase portraits prove the abundant dynamic behavior consistently.
Applications of Homogenous Balance Principles Combined with Fractional Calculus Approach and Separate Variable Method on Investigating Exact Solutions to Multidimensional Fractional Nonlinear PDEs
Authors: Ren Ruichao , Zhang Shunli , Rui Weiguo
Published: May 2020

We investigate the exact solutions of multidimensional time-fractional nonlinear PDEs (fnPDEs) in this paper. In terms of the fractional calculus properties and the separate variable method, we present a new homogenous balance principle (HBP) on the basis of the (1 + 1)-dimensional time fnPDEs. Taking advantage of the new types of HBP together with fractional calculus formulas that subtly avoid the chain rule, the fnPDEs can be reduced to spatial PDEs, and then we solve these PDEs by the fractional calculus method and the separate variable approach. In this way, some new type exact solutions of the certain time-fractional (2 + 1)-dimensional KP equation, (3 + 1)-dimensional Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) equation, and Jimbo–Miwa (JM) equation are explicitly obtained under both Riemann–Liouville derivatives and Caputo derivatives. The dynamical analysis of solutions is shown by numerical simulations of taking property parameters as well.
The Use of SenseWear Armband for Assessment of Daily Energy Expenditure and the Relation to Body Fat Distribution and Nutritional Intake in Lean Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Arusoglu Gulcan
Published: May 2020

Objective. To evaluate nutritional intake, energy expenditure, and segmental body composition in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compare them with age- and body mass index- (BMI-) matched control women. Methods. 32 nonobese patients with PCOS and 31 age- and BMI-matched healthy women were included in the study. Energy expenditure and physical activity level were assessed by metabolic Holter equipment (SenseWear Armband, SWA) which was never previously used in lean PCOS population. Food intake is recorded with 24 hours of food record. Segmental body composition analysis was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA). Results. Mean BMI was 22.64 ± 3.64 and 21.55 ± 2.77 kg/m2 (p=0.185) in PCOS and control groups, respectively. Mean age was 22.03 ± 4.21 and 21.71 ± 2.67 year (p=0.720), respectively. No significant differences were found in total energy intake and percentage of carbohydrates, fats, and other micronutrients (p>0.05). Energy percentage of proteins (%12.73 ± 1.98, p=0.008) was statistically lower in subjects versus the control group. The measurements of physical activity duration (PAD) (1.40 ± 0.87/2.18 ± 0.99 hours, p=0.002), active energy expenditure (372.35 ± 198.32/494.10 ± 186.50 kcal, p=0.018), and step counting (9370.03 ± 3587.49/11730.90 ± 3564.31 steps, p=0.013) measurement of the PCOS group were lower than the control group, respectively. Conclusions. New diagnosed women with PCOS had similar distribution and quantity of body fat parameters and nutritional status when compared to healthy women. Control subjects were found more active in energy expenditure.
ZNRD1 and Its Antisense Long Noncoding RNA ZNRD1-AS1 Are Oppositely Regulated by Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Kim Hyeon Woo , Jeong Dawoon , Ham Juyeon , Kim Heejoo , Ji Hwee Won , Choi Eun Ha , Kim Sun Jung
Published: May 2020

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been recognized as a potential alternative or supplementary cancer treatment tool, which is attributed by its selective antiproliferation effect on cancer cells over normal cells. Standardization of the CAP treatment in terms of biological outputs such as cell growth inhibition and gene expression change is essential for its clinical application. This study aims at identifying genes that show consistent expression profiles at a specific CAP condition, which could be used to monitor whether CAP is an appropriate treatment to biological targets. To do this, genes showing differential expression by two different CAP treatment conditions were screened in the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. As a result, ZNRD1 was identified as a potential marker with being consistently upregulated by 600 s but downregulated by the 10×30 s CAP treatment scheme. Expression of ZNRD1 was increased in breast cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, judged by cancer tissue database analysis, and supported by the antiproliferation after siRNA-induced downregulation in MCF-7. Interestingly, the antisense long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) of ZNRD1, ZNRD1-AS1, was regulated to the opposite direction of ZNRD1 by CAP. The siRNA-based qPCR analysis indicates that ZNRD1 downregulates ZNRD1-AS1, but not vice versa. ZNRD1-AS1 was shown to increase a few cis-genes such as HLA-A, HCG9, and PPP1R11 that were also regulated by CAP. Altogether, this study identified a pair of gene and its antisense lncRNA of which expression is precisely controlled by CAP in a dose-dependent manner. These genes could help elucidate the molecular mechanism how CAP regulates lncRNAs in cancer cells.
Somatic Tissue Engineering in Mouse Models Reveals an Actionable Role for WNT Pathway Alterations in Prostate Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Leibold Josef , Ruscetti Marcus , Cao Zhen , Ho Yu-Jui , Baslan Timour , Zou Min , Abida Wassim , Feucht Judith , Han Teng , Barriga Francisco M. , Tsanov Kaloyan M. , Zamechek Leah , Kulick Amanda , Amor Corina , Tian Sha , Rybczyk Katarzyna , Salgado Nelson R. , Sánchez-Rivera Francisco J. , Watson Philip A. , de Stanchina Elisa , Wilkinson John E. , Dow Lukas E. , Abate-Shen Cory , Sawyers Charles L. , Lowe Scott W.
Published: May 2020

To study genetic factors influencing the progression and therapeutic responses of advanced prostate cancer, we developed a fast and flexible system that introduces genetic alterations relevant to human disease directly into the prostate glands of mice using tissue electroporation. These electroporation-based genetically engineered mouse models (EPO-GEMM) recapitulate features of traditional germline models and, by modeling genetic factors linked to late-stage human disease, can produce tumors that are metastatic and castration-resistant. A subset of tumors with Trp53 alterations acquired spontaneous WNT pathway alterations, which are also associated with metastatic prostate cancer in humans. Using the EPO-GEMM approach and an orthogonal organoid-based model, we show that WNT pathway activation drives metastatic disease that is sensitive to pharmacologic WNT pathway inhibition. Thus, by leveraging EPO-GEMMs, we reveal a functional role for WNT signaling in driving prostate cancer metastasis and validate the WNT pathway as therapeutic target in metastatic prostate cancer.

Significance:

Our understanding of the factors driving metastatic prostate cancer is limited by the paucity of models of late-stage disease. Here, we develop EPO-GEMMs of prostate cancer and use them to identify and validate the WNT pathway as an actionable driver of aggressive metastatic disease.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 890
The Value of Renal Biopsy in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Singapore over the Past Two Decades
Authors: Woo Keng Thye , Chan Choong Meng , Lim Cynthia , Choo Jason , Chin Yoke Mooi , Teng Esther Wei Ling , Mok Irene , Kwek Jia Liang , Tan Chieh Suai , Tan Hui Zhuan , Loh Alwin H.L. , Choong Hui Lin , Tan Han Kim , Lee Grace S.L. , Lee Evan , Wong Kok Seng , Tan Puay Hoon , Foo Marjorie
Published: May 2020

Objective: This study on the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and coexistence of non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) in a cohort of 255 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients aims to determine the value of performing renal biopsies in these patients and elucidate the factors which could affect their progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods: Among 255 NIDDM patients, 93 had DN alone, 69 had NDRD alone, and the remaining 93 had DN plus NDRD (mixed group). The indications for renal biopsy were based on clinical suspicion of superimposed NDRD, including heavy or rapidly increasing proteinuria, renal impairment even though diabetes is of relatively short duration, rapidly declining renal function, and presence of hematuria with dysmorphic red blood cells suggesting presence of glomerulonephritis. Results: The following were predictors of ESRD: high systolic BP at biopsy, longer duration of diabetes, heavy proteinuria, and presence of diabetic retinopathy. Comparing patients in the NDRD group with the DN group and the mixed group, the NDRD group had lower serum creatinine and higher eGFR with lower urinary proteinuria and higher serum albumin at presentation and on follow-up. Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules were associated with a poorer prognosis leading to a higher occurrence of ESRD among patients with DN. Conclusion: Renal biopsy is of value in indicating the prognosis of NIDDM patients with DN based on the diabetic lesions. For NIDDM patients with atypical course and suspicion of associated NDRD, a renal biopsy would enable us to diagnose the underlying NDRD and offer appropriate therapy. Most nephrologists would consider renal biopsy for an NIDDM patient based on clinical indications like atypical clinical course and suspicion of an associated NDRD, but they would not perform a routine renal biopsy like for a CKD patient, unless it is for a research indication.
Fallseminare in der klinischen Psychologie und Psychotherapie
Authors: Glombiewski Julia Anna , Emmerich Anja Carina , Rief Winfried
Published: May 2020

Wir stellen das Konzept für Fallseminare vor, wie sie seit 2009 an der Universität Marburg und seit 2018 an der Universität Koblenz-Landau erfolgreich durchgeführt werden. Die Seminare folgen dem Prinzip der problemorientierten Lernumgebung. Etwa 12 Studierende behandeln dabei gemeinsam eine PatientIn unter der Anleitung einer psychologischen PsychotherapeutIn. Neuste wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse werden dabei stets einbezogen. Die Studierenden lernen außerdem Fallberichte zu verfassen, die eine Grundlage für die Benotung des Seminars darstellen. Die im Fallseminar gelehrten diagnostischen und therapeutischen Kompetenzen werden mit den in der Approbationsordnung gemäß Psychotherapeutengesetz (PsychTh-ApprO) geforderten zukünftig zu lehrenden Kompetenzen abgeglichen.
Nos tempos antigos nhanderu soube qual haveria de ser nosso futuro teko
Authors: Ramo Ana Maria
Published: May 2020

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão a respeito de alguns aspectos presentes na cosmologia guarani que se referem à vida e ao tempo. A partir das falas e reflexões de alguns pensadores guarani – em sua maioria anciãos e pajés - podemos vislumbrar a existência de uma estratégia para a duração cuja invenção e/ou descoberta é remetida a Nhanderu Tenonde, principal divindade do cosmos guarani. Tal estratégia tem como ponto nodal a alternância entre tempos (dia/noite e tempo velho/tempo novo - ou ara yma/ara pyau) e espaços (opy/oka – casa de reza/pátio), operada pelos movimentos de coisas, palavras e pessoas – a troca – que seguem certos padrões estéticos – a linha e o círculo – e que replicam posições relacionais específicas – “em frente” e “na frente”; ela expressa a relação entre dois processos de transformação mutuamente implicados: mbo-jera (o florescimento) e aguyje (a renovação).
Perspectivismo contra o Estado
Authors: Sztutman Renato
Published: May 2020

Este ensaio propõe uma discussão sobre as consequências políticas do conceito de perspectivismo ameríndio no pensamento de Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. Ele é composto de dois movimentos. O primeiro busca discutir e desdobrar a afirmação, de teor clastriano, de que o perspectivismo é a “cosmologia contra o Estado”. O segundo pretende refletir sobre a conexão possível entre o problema do perspectivismo e o da “cosmopolítica do Antropoceno”, que advém do debate sobre os efeitos das mudanças climáticas e, de maneira mais ampla, da crise da modernidade. Desses movimentos emerge a possibilidade de pensar um outro conceito de política, mais afeito à imaginação e à experiência indígenas, podendo servir de lição ou inspiração para o mundo não-indígena.
O papel da neurocirurgia na doença de Parkinson
Authors: Cunha Jemaila Maciel da , Siqueira Emílio Conceição de
Published: May 2020

Com o envelhecimento populacional e aumento da expectativa de vida, as demências aumentaram significativamente. O aumento da população idosa amplia também o número de doenças crônicas associadas ao envelhecimento, como as doenças neurodegenerativas. A doença de Parkinson é uma desordem crônica e progressiva do sistema nervoso central, especificamente dos núcleos da base, envolvendo a perda progressiva de neurônios dopaminérgicos da substância negra. É a segunda doença neurodegenerativa mais comum, ultrapassada apenas pela doença de Alzheimer. Estima-se que aproximadamente cinco milhões de pessoas no mundo possuam doença de Parkinson e cerca de 200 mil indivíduos no Brasil. O tratamento cirúrgico na doença de Parkinson é de suma importância para a melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O presente trabalho visa contribuir com futuras pesquisas que abordem novos tratamentos para a doença de Parkinson. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar através de ampla revisão de literatura a importância do tratamento cirúrgico na doença de Parkinson, abordando suas indicações, tipos e técnicas, complicações e impacto na qualidade de vida do paciente submetido ao tratamento em questão, através de revisão bibliográfica, descritiva e retrospectiva dos últimos vinte anos (1998 a 2018). Foram selecionados artigos nas bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane e Medline, nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa. Os termos usados na busca foram relacionados ao tratamento cirúrgico da doença de Parkinson. As principais técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas são a estimulação cerebral profunda com implante de eletrodo e a ablação estereotáxica. É fundamental que os profissionais de saúde conheçam as possibilidades cirúrgicas na doença de Parkinson, visto que o pós-operatório necessita de acompanhamento multidisciplinar.
Minimally invasive surgical treatment in patients with immunological thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Carvalho Gustavo Lopes de , Lima Diego Laurentino , Cordeiro Raquel Nogueira , Góes Gustavo Henrique Belarmino de , Lessa Marianna Castro Araújo
Published: May 2020

Two female patients, one 28 years-old, and the other 61 years-old, with a history of asthenia, purpura and thrombocytopenia (both <15,000 platelets / mm3). Once other etiologies were excluded, and the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was established, corticoid therapy was started in both cases. However, the patients remained with a platelet count <20,000 / mm3, characterizing refractory ITP, and the splenectomy was indicated. The surgical team opted for a hybrid minimally invasive surgical procedure. Providing a better visualization of the surgical field, less abdominal trauma, greater technical dexterity, and early hospital discharge, the use of minilaparoscopic instruments proved to be a safe and effective approach for these patients.
Avanços no tratamento da esclerose múltipla através do anticorpo monoclonal Ocrelizumabe
Authors: Silva Jonatas Gonçalves da , Pezzini Marina Ferri , Poeta Julia
Published: May 2020

Objetivos: Avaliar a efetividade e os riscos associados ao tratamento da esclerose múltipla com o anticorpo monoclonal Ocrelizumabe.

Métodos: O estudo consiste em uma revisão da literatura objetivando a busca de artigos que evidenciassem de forma quantitativa os efeitos do fármaco Ocrelizumabe para as formas remitente-recorrente e primariamente progressiva da esclerose múltipla. A busca ocorreu nas bases de dados PubMed, BVS, Cochrane Library e ScienceDirect a partir de 2011. Os artigos foram pré-selecionados através do título e resumo para leitura integral e de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão.  

Resultados: No total, foram recuperados 743 artigos, sendo considerados elegíveis 23 estudos para análise integral e destes, 20 foram excluídos por não se enquadrarem nos desfechos propostos, sendo incluídos três estudos. Todos os estudos comprovaram uma alta eficácia de Ocrelizumabe livre de infecções oportunistas.

Conclusão: apesar da natureza degenerativa da esclerose múltipla, os avanços tecnológicos na terapêutica através de fármacos como o Ocrelizumabe têm trazido resultados promissores, como a diminuição da taxa anual de surtos, do número de lesões por RM e da progressão da incapacidade. No entanto, devido a sua recente aprovação, não é possível avaliar os efeitos da utilização do anticorpo monoclonal a longo prazo.
Agenesia de artéria pulmonar direita
Authors: Silva Ingred Stephany Domingues da , Magalhães Eugênio Fernandes de , Pereira Letícia Carolina Malaquias , Braga Luiza de Castro Cançado , Femía Victor Zenatti , Serrano Cairo Barcelos Alves , Collani Ana Luíza Rezende , Penha Paula Vieira
Published: May 2020

A agenesia de artéria pulmonar é uma malformação congênita rara, que ocorre devido ao não desenvolvimento do sexto arco aórtico. Entretanto, não é relacionada com malformações cardíacas. Além das artérias intrapulmonares, a vascularização pulmonar e a árvore brônquica geralmente não sofrem alterações. No presente relato, a paciente apresenta quadro de febre, tosse produtiva e taquipneia. Devido à clínica, optou-se por realizar radiografia simples de tórax, na qual se evidenciou a presença de opacidade interstício-alveolar peri-hilar à direita com desvio do mediastino à direita e assimetria da transparência pulmonar. Então, foi solicitada tomografia computadorizada de tórax que evidenciou pulmão direito de volume reduzido. Para melhor compreensão, realizou-se angiotomografia computadorizada do tórax, a qual detectou agenesia da artéria pulmonar direita. Importância do problema: relatar um caso de agenesia de artéria pulmonar direita.
Polineuropatia desmielinizante como manifestação inicial isolada de hanseníase
Authors: Pires Karina Lebeis , Hammerle Mariana Beiral , Lima Ricardo Barbosa , Hammerle Márcia Beiral , Caetano Marcelo Ribeiro , Araújo Luciana Ferreira , Bongiolo Manuela Romagna , Almenara Camila Bastos , Silva José Antônio Bonifácio da , Nogueira Carlos Bruno , Alvarenga Regina Papais
Published: May 2020

Modelo do Estudo: Relato de caso

Importância do problema: No mundo, mais de três milhões de pessoas estão vivendo com deficiência física devido à hanseníase. O Brasil é o segundo país com o maior número de casos novos registrados. A magnitude e o alto risco de incapacidade mantêm a doença como problema de saúde pública. O diagnóstico de hanseníase em geral é simples. Porém, quadros com ausência de lesões cutâneas características, somente com alterações neurais, representam um desafio para o diagnóstico diferencial com outras doenças neurológicas.

Comentários: Relatamos o caso de um paciente encaminhado ao serviço de neurologia com história clínica e eletroneuromiografia compatíveis com polineuropatia desmielinizante, sem qualquer lesão cutânea ao exame de admissão. O raciocínio clínico inicial foi direcionado para o diagnóstico das polineuropatias desmielinizantes inflamatórias adquiridas como Polineuropatia Desmielinizante Inflamatória Crônica (CIDP) e suas variantes. No entanto, após anamnese e exame físico detalhados, chamou a atenção a ausência do componente atáxico e a presença predominante de alterações sensitivas de fibra fina, espessamento de nervo e importante fator epidemiológico para hanseníase, motivando a suspeita e a investigação desta enfermidade por meio da biópsia de nervo que foi sugestiva de hanseníase. Após três meses, em novo exame do paciente para biopsiar áreas de anestesia para reforçar o diagnóstico, observou-se o surgimento de extensas lesões levemente hipocrômicas no tronco e membros inferiores, cuja biópsia definiu o diagnóstico de hanseníase.
Sucesso e insucesso nas licitações da modalidade pregão
Authors: Costa Eric Rodrigo , Chaves Lucieli Dias Pedreschi , Costa André Lucirton , Mazzo Alessandra
Published: May 2020

O pregão é uma das modalidades de licitação, instituído pela Lei 10.520/02, e tem sido amplamente utilizado em instituições públicas. Apesar dos benefícios desta modalidade serem muitos, existe um número considerável de insucessos nos procedimentos, de modo que os pregões podem terminar fracassados, desertos ou, até mesmo cancelados, anulados ou revogados. O objetivo desse artigo é avaliar na literatura quais os motivos de sucessos e insucessos de licitações na modalidade pregão por meio de uma revisão de literatura realizada através de Scoping Review, conforme a proposta do Joanna Briggs Institute, realizada através da pergunta “Quais os fatores de sucesso e/ou insucesso encontrados nas compras por licitação na modalidade pregão?”, nas bibliotecas digitais Capes Periódicos e Scientific Electronic Library Online e na base de dados PubMed.
Pulsed Field Ablation Using a Lattice Electrode for Focal Energy Delivery
Authors: Yavin Hagai , Shapira-Daniels Ayelet , Barkagan Michael , Sroubek Jakub , Shim David , Melidone Raffaele , Anter Elad
Published: May 2020

Background:

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a nonthermal energy that may provide safety advantages over radiofrequency ablation (RFA). One-shot PFA catheters have been developed for pulmonary vein isolation, but they do not permit flexible lesion sets. This study investigated a novel lattice-tip catheter designed for focal RFA or PFA ablation.

Methods:

The effects of PFA (biphasic, 24 amperes) were investigated in 25 swine using a lattice-tip catheter and system (Affera Inc). Step 1 (n=14) examined the feasibility to create atrial line of block and described its acute effects on the phrenic nerve and esophagus. Step 2 (n=7) examined the subacute effects of PFA on block durability, phrenic nerve, and esophagus ≥2 weeks. Step 3 compared the effects of PFA and RFA on the esophagus using a mechanical deviation model approximating the esophagus to the right atrium (n=4) and by direct ablation within its lumen (n=4). The effects of endocardial PFA and RFA on the phrenic nerve were also compared (n=10). Histological analysis was performed.

Results:

PFA produced acute block in 100% of lines, achieved with 2.1 (1.3–3.2) applications/cm line. Histological analysis following (35 [18–37]) days showed 100% transmurality (thickness range 0.4–3.4 mm) with a lesion width of 19.4 (10.9–27.4 mm). PFA selectively affected cardiomyocytes but spared blood vessels and nervous tissue. PFA applied from the posterior atria (23 [21–25] applications) to the approximated esophagus (6 [4.5–14] mm) produced transmural lesions without esophageal injury. PFA (16.5 [15–18] applications) applied inside the esophageal lumen produced mild edema compared with RFA (13 [12–14] applications) which produced epithelial ulcerations. PFA resulted in no or transient stunning of the phrenic nerve (<5 minutes) without histological changes while RFA produced paralysis.

Conclusions:

PFA using a lattice-tip ablation catheter for focal ablation produced durable atrial lesions and showed lower vulnerability to esophageal or phrenic nerve damage compared with RFA.