bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Légútbiztosítás koronavírus-fertőzött betegekben
Authors: László István , Molnár Csilla , Koszta György , Végh Tamás , Fábián Ákos , Berhés Mariann , Juhász Marianna , Fülesdi Béla
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

A világunkon végigvonuló koronavírus-járvány számos kihívással szembesíti az
egészségügyben dolgozókat. A vírus cseppfertőzéssel terjed, és magas a
virulenciája, ezért minden olyan beavatkozás, mely légúti aeroszolképződést
generál, potenciálisan veszélyezteti az ellátásban részt vevők egészségét. A
koronavírus-fertőzés súlyos formája progresszív légzési elégtelenséggel jár,
melynek ellátásában a korai endotrachealis intubáció és invazív gépi
lélegeztetés elengedhetetlen. Az intubáció során fokozott a légúti
aeroszolképződés veszélye, így magas az ellátó személyzet fertőződésének
veszélye. Az előzőeken túl ezen betegeknél relatíve gyakori a nehéz
légútbiztosítás is. Cikkünk célja, hogy gyakorlatorientált áttekintést adjon a
koronavírussal fertőzött betegek légútbiztosításának specialitásairól, különös
tekintettel az infekciókontroll és a betegbiztonság szempontjaira. Orv Hetil.
2020; 161(17): 696–703.
Emelt szintű szervtámogató és életfenntartó kezelések kritikus állapotú COVID–19-fertőzött betegeken
Authors: Berhés Mariann , Fábián Ákos , László István , Végh Tamás , Molnár Csilla , Fülesdi Béla , Koszta György
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

A COVID–19-fertőzéses, kritikus állapotba került betegek körében a
cardiorespiratoricus rendszer összeomlása a következő mechanizmusok útján
történhet: (1) citokinvihar, haemophagocytosis – szeptikus sokk, (2)
uralhatatlan hypoxaemia, (3) specifikus szervelégtelenségek, illetve többszervi
elégtelenség részjelenségeként. Ebben az összefoglalóban a fenti állapotok
ellátásának és megelőzésének jelenleg rendelkezésre álló terápiás opcióit
tekintjük át. A szeptikus sokk kezelésére az utóbbi években egyre gyakrabban és
biztató sikerességgel kerül alkalmazásra a citokinek eltávolítása
CytoSorb-haemoperfusióval. A konvencionális, mechanikus lélegeztetéssel már nem
kezelhető hypoxaemia esetén szóba jön az inhalált nitrogén-oxid (iNO), az
inhalációs formában bejuttatott epoprosztenol és a venovenosus extracorporalis
membránoxigenizáció (VV-ECMO). A többnyire késői fázisban fellépő
szervelégtelenségek gyakori komponense az akut veseelégtelenség, amely a
rendelkezésre álló folyamatos vesepótló kezelések valamelyikének indítását
igényli. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 704–709.
Methodology of developing an ontological model for the formation of content and assessment of ICT competencies of university students
Authors: Kurzaeva Lubov , Chusavitina Galina
Published: April 2020

The relevance of the work is confirmed by the need to ensure that vocational training meets the requirements of formal and non-formal, difficult to coordinate requirements of the education system and the labor market. The article proposes one way to solve this problem in the framework of control theory and knowledge engineering. A methodology for developing an ontological model is proposed and described for the formation of the content and assessment of ICT competencies of university students, based on two basic ideas: first, the definition of the boundaries of the subject area of competencies, for which the content and means of assessment are formed on the basis of harmonized regulatory framework (boundaries are defined by invariant and variant documents.); secondly, a mechanism for taking into account personal characteristics and needs in order to build an individual trajectory of professional education and self-training should be conceptualized and preliminarily designed. An ontological model developed based on this technique is presented for forming the content and evaluating the competencies of IT specialists using the example of the subject field “IT solutions for business on the 1C: Enterprise platform”. The development of the research topic is possible in the direction of expanding the functionality of the ontological model in terms of preparing for certification exams from venders, adding other areas of preparation and adding other subject areas. The knowledge base created based on the ontological model can become part of intelligent information systems of decision support for education systems and corporate training, as well as HR management. This article will be of interest to specialists involved in the development of new tools and methods for managing the educational process and self-learning processes in distance education systems.
Human Neurosurgical Tissue Processing v6
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: April 2020

This protocol describes the procedure for receiving human surgical tissue, followed by trimming, mounting, embedding, and slicing under sterile conditions in order to produce tissue suitable for both slice culture as well as acute slice electrophysiology recording. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U01MH114812. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation v1
Authors: Smith Nancy , F Spigelman Aliya , Lin Haopeng , E Macdonald Patrick
Published: April 2020

This protocol details islet isolation from mouse pancreas. The protocol is divided into 3 main parts; in situ perfusion of pancreas with collagenase, pancreas digestion, and islet purification. A link is provided for the purification using histopque gradient.
PROJECT BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN IMAJINASI SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH
Authors: Ratnasari Nurbaety Agustina Dewi
Published: April 2020

Skripsi ini berjudul “Penerapan Project Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Imajinasi Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di Kelas XI IPS 3 SMA Negeri 10 Bandung)”. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurang dapatnya siswa mengemukakan pendapatnya secara detail. Indikasi tersebut dilihat dari pemrosesan informasi hanya berkisar pada satu sumber dan tidak ada pengolahan sumber lebih lanjut, maka siswa menjadi seperti kurang memahami apa yang mereka presentasikan. Maka peneliti merumuskan beberapa permasalahan yang diambil dalam penelitian ini, diantaranya: pertama, bagaimana perencanaan penerapan project based learning, kedua bagaimana langkah penerapan project based learning, dan ketiga bagaimana refleksi penerapan project based learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan imajinasi siswa dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas dari Dave Ebbut, diawali dengan ide umum, reconnaissance (pemantauan sebelum tindakan), rencana tindakan, tindakan 1, reconnaissance (pemantauan setelah tindakan), pilihan (ada perubahan atau tidak), dan siklus berikutnya. Aspek yang diteliti dari kemampuan imajinasi siswa yaitu rasa ingin tahu yang tinggi, mengidentifikasi fakta dari sumber relevan, mampu mengemukakan ide orisinil, mampu menghasilkan karya dari yang direncanakan, serta menjelaskan hasil karyanya dengan percaya diri. Adapun proyek yang dikembangkan adalah mind map, menulis lirik lagu sejarah, scrapbook, dan presentasi gaya presenter berita. Perolehan skor masing-masing indikator menunjukkan peningkatan yang cukup signifikan pada setiap siklusnya. Hal ini menunjukkan keberhasilan penerapan Project Based Learning untuk meningkatkan kemampuan imajinasi siswa. Maka hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan rekomendasi alternatif untuk guru agar siswa memiliki kemampuan imajinasi yang baik sehingga pembelajaran sejarah lebih bermakna.Kata kunci: penelitian tindakan kelas, Project Based Learning, kemampuan imajinasi siswa, pembelajaran sejarah.
Development of Eighth Grade Students’ Epistemological Beliefs through Writing-to-Learn Activities
Authors: Atasoy Şengül , Küçük Osman
Published: April 2020

The aim of the present study was to develop the epistemological beliefs of eighth grade students through writing-to-learn (WTL) activities. A one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research design was utilized in the study. The sample group consisted of a total of 18 eighth grade students, attending a secondary school in the rural part of Trabzon in Turkey. To improve the epistemological beliefs of students, WTL activities were developed and utilized in the "Matter and its Structure" unit of the science subject. Each WTL activity focused on one dimension of epistemology, such as source of knowledge, organization of knowledge, certainty of knowledge, speed of learning, and learning control. The WTL activities in the study were conducted throughout a total of 24 lessons. Semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data. Beliefs regarding each dimension of epistemology were identified to be at the level of absolutist, multiplist or evaluatist by means of the "Epistemological Belief Levels Rubric". The findings of the study revealed that the WTL activities increased students’ levels of the epistemological beliefs. Hence, students’ epistemological beliefs can be developed further by dwelling more on the history of science unit within the subject of science by raising students’ awareness.
Examination of Prospective Science Teachers’ Levels of Designing Project Directed to National Support Programs: A Profile of Turkey
Authors: Vekli Gülşah Sezen
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine prospective science teachers’ levels of designing projects about The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, written in the abbreviation TUBITAK’s 2209-A “Support for University Students’ Research Projects” and their views on the process. The study was conducted with the participation of 67 prospective science teachers. Project proposal forms and reflective reports were used in the study, which was conducted in the pedagogical activity research method- in collecting the data. The data coming from the reflective reports were then put to content analysis. It was remarkable in consequence that the majority of the prospective teachers ’levels of designing projects were inadequate. The prospective science teachers stated that they had learned the stages of scientific projects in the process of project designing and that they also became skillful at collaborating, researching, problem-solving, writing in academic language, working in a planned manner and at communicating
A Comparative Investigation of the Views of Preschool Teachers and Teacher Candidates about STEM
Authors: ÜLTAY Neslihan , Ultay Eser
Published: April 2020

If the STEM approach appropriately addressed in early childhood education, it may provide opportunities for educators to involve children in activities appropriate to their interests and experiences. The purpose of this research is to investigate comparatively the views of preschool teachers and preschool teacher candidates about STEM. To collect data, 60 preschool teachers graduated from different universities in Turkey have different experiments and actively in the teaching profession in various schools in the years 2018 to 2019, and 65 preschool teacher candidates in the first, second, third and fourth grades in the 2018-2019 academic year at a state university in the region of the Black Sea randomly selected. To collect data, preschool teachers and teacher candidates ask to answer the questions in the Screening Form consisting of open-ended questions aimed at obtaining in-depth information about STEM education. The findings analyze in detail, and it seen that the answers of both groups can discuss under three main themes; (1) The effects of the STEM approach, (2) The applicability of the STEM approach in preschool education, and (3) The requirements of the applicability of the STEM approach in Turkish educational system. According to the findings, participants have positive views about implementing the STEM approach in their classes for the teachers and future professional lives for the teacher candidates. However, there are some limitations about implementing it arising from the infrastructure of the schools, the teachers themselves, and children’s young age.
An Investigation on the Effect of STEM Practices on Sixth Grade Students’ Academic Achievement, Problem Solving Skills, and Attitudes towards STEM
Authors: Kurt Müzdelife , Benzer Semra
Published: April 2020

This study aims to identify the effect of STEM practices, integrated into Science courses in 6th grades of middle schools, on students' academic achievement, problem-solving skills, their attitudes towards STEM, and their interest level of STEM fields. The population of the study consists of 6th-grade students enrolled in a middles school in the 2018-2019 academic year. During the research, Academic Achievement Test, STEM Attitude Scale, STEM Career Interest Survey, and Problem Solving Inventory were applied to experimental and control groups as pre and post-tests by quasi-experimental research design. In data analysis, a statistics package program was used. Results of the study showed that the Academic Achievement Test scores of experimental groups that received STEM practices were seen to be higher than that of the control group to which the constructivist approach was applied. The difference was observed to be meaningful. Also, when the post-test scores of the STEM Attitude Scale, STEM Career Interest Survey, and Problem Solving Inventory were compared, a meaningful difference was found between the experimental and control group.
The Correlation Between Social Media Usage in Academic Context and Self-Efficacy Towards TPACK of Prospective Science Teachers in Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Heru , Phillipson Shane
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the frequency of Social Media Usage (SMU) in an academic setting and Self-efficacy beliefs towards TK, TCK, TPK, and TPACK of Indonesian prospective science teachers. This research is quantitative based-research design using a self-administered survey. The research was conducted during the second semester of the academic year 2018/2019 from October to November 2018 in the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science of a State University located in Semarang City, Indonesia. The sample consists of 217 Indonesian prospective science teachers from the science and Biology Education Department. The result shows that the average Social Media Usage frequency has a statistically high correlation with TK Self-efficacy, TPK, and TPACK. However, in general, it does not correlate with TCK. Second, Social Media Usage for Download Media (DM), Searching Information (SI), and Entertainment and Motivation (EM) generally have a statistically medium correlation with TK, TPK, and TPACK for both male and female participants. Third, Social Media Usage for professional development (PD) has a medium correlation with TK and high correlation with TPK and TPACK. This study implies that training focuses on the application of social media in teaching, and learning should be integrated to improve Indonesian Prospective Science Teachers' TPACK.
Effectiveness of Dual Situated Learning Model in Improving High School Students’ Conceptions of Chemistry Equilibrium and Preventing Their misconceptions
Authors: Kurniawan Muhammad Ali , Rahayu Sri , Fajaroh Fauziatul , Almuntasheri Saeed
Published: April 2020

This study aims to compare the impact of the Dual Situated Learning Model (DSLM) and conventional instructions in improving High School Students’ understanding of chemical equilibrium concepts and the prevention of possible misconceptions. The study utilized a quasi-pretest-posttest control and experimental group design with two classes of XI SMAN as the research sample (N=60 students). Pre-posttests consisting of 12 two-tier questions (r = 0.691) used to assess the learners’ understanding of the chemical equilibrium. The results showed a significant difference in favor of the learners who taught using the DSLM model in comparison to those in the conventional approaches (Fount = 4.149; p = 0.003). Students in the experimental class had a better understanding and fewer misconceptions about the concept of chemical equilibrium. Implications for science educators suggest that learning that is designed by considering students' misconceptions or preconceptions and anticipating them through appropriate learning steps will have a positive influence on the learners’ conceptual understanding.
Oscilar entre la esperanza y la incertidumbre. Actitudes sobre trayectorias, autoridades, medidas de protección e (in)seguridad de solicitantes centroamericanos de la condición de refugio en México
Authors: Arriola Vega Luis Alfredo , Martínez Junco Santiago
Published: April 2020

Durante y posterior al proceso de solicitar la condición de refugiado en México los centroamericanos que inician ese procedimiento viven en situación de (in)seguridad. Tienen la expectativa de ser acogidos en dicho país, pero simultáneamente el contexto en el cual solicitan esa medida de protección es incierto. Su existencia transita entre la esperanza y la indeterminación. Ese vaivén queda revelado en las actitudes que manifiestan salvadoreños, hondureños y guatemaltecos solicitantes de la condición de refugio entrevistados en Tapachula, Chiapas y Tenosique, Tabasco. Por una parte, la posibilidad de que se les otorgue la condición genera una perspectiva esperanzadora entre los solicitantes; por otra parte, las tasas de rechazo, lo prolongado que suele ser el proceso y las condiciones desfavorables durante la espera, así como las limitadas oportunidades para la sobrevivencia, ensombrecen ese anhelo. El análisis de los datos muestra que su capacidad agentiva se ve limitada, mas no plenamente suprimida. Algunos solicitantes de la condición hacen uso de capacidad agentiva instrumental y «apática», mientras que otros recurren a un discurso contestatario para sobrellevar el desaliento que permea su condición adversa.
THE INFLUENCE OF SEDIMENTATION AND POST-SEDIMENTATION TRANSFORMATIONS ON THE RESERVOIR PROPERTIES OF THE ROCKS
Authors: Khomyn V. , Maniuk M. , Maniuk O. , Popluiko A. , Khovanets N.
Published: April 2020

The topicality of the research is proved by the scientific evidence of the peculiarities of the sedimentation and post-sedimentation transformations of the rocks in relation to their possible oil and gas content.

The productive sediments of the deposits of the interior of the Precarpathian Depression were thoroughly and lithologically researched. The objective implied the study and recognition of the reservoir properties within primary (sedimentation) and secondary (post-sedimentation) factors.

The primary ones are as follows: granulity (grains median diameter), sorting, and rock maturity. Consequently, a positive correlation between the grains median diameter and rock porosity has been determined; the very coefficient equals 0.56. Evidently, unlike the well-sorted sandstones, the badly graded ones are marked by poor porosity and permeability.

The positive correlation between porosity and clastic quartz content is revealed: should the latter increase, the former will go up as well. Apparently, more mature sandstones are characterized by dramatically high porosity; this factor positively affects the reservoir properties of the rocks.

After studying the secondary transformations of the sandy rocks, we have determined that the diagenesis stage is defined by the change of mineral composition. This alteration is mainly caused by organic material decomposition and the appearance of reducing environment.

Considering the cover thickness, we have graded the transformations of the fragments of the sandy-aleuritic rocks of the depression. The pattern of the catagenetic changes at various depths has been introduced. In the end, we have inferred that the increasing depth starts influencing the three types of the structures, i.e. incorporating, reclaiming and microstilolite rather gradually. In addition, the declining importance of the conformal structures has been identified. The stress pattern of the catagenetically transformed solid rocks promotes the microfracture within the late catagenesis zones; this factor predetermines the development of decompression zones at the depths exceeding 4 km characterised by good reservoir properties.
SOME ISSUES OF JURIDICAL REGULATORY OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENCE NEEDS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Pasika S. , Chomko D. , Opanasenko O. , Khomiakov D. , Skyba O. , Horbachuk O.
Published: April 2020

This article presents an analysis of regulations, dealing with certain issues of oil and gas production for national security and defence needs of Ukraine.

General trends of developing the petroleum sector, oil and gas production as a constituent of national security and defence of Ukraine were reviewed and analysed.

The absence of a system in the legal regulation of oil and gas production industry to meet the needs of security and defence pose a real threat to the national security and defence of Ukraine, therefore this topic is highly relevant in present cricumstances.

The issues of juridical regulatory of oil and gas production for national security and defence needs of Ukraine is becoming highly relevant in conditions of insufficient resource supply, reduction of stocks of hydrocarbon fuel, dependence on a monopoly supplies of energy resources and ineffective using of resources in security and defence sectors. In addition, a large number of indirect domestic factors, namely: the absence of clearly defined strategic goals, priorities and tasks of socio-economic, military-economic and scientific and technical development of Ukraine; high dependence of the national economy on foreign markets; insufficient level of protection of the infrastructure from terrorist attacks and sabotage; ineffective security management of the infrastructure and life support systems, etc. only reinforce the need for a speedy solution of this issue.
Approaches to the Implementation of a Teacher’s Professional Standard: Labor Actions and Systemic Meanings
Authors: Uskova S.A.
Published: April 2020

The article presents the analysis of the introduction of the professional standard of the teacher (the Standard), and analyzed the risks the formal implementation of the requirements of the Standard situation when the teacher can not organize and build relationships in the framework of functional maps of the profession and driving its operations to implement the desired work functions that does not allow the execution of one of the main functions of the Standard - improve the effectiveness of the educational process. The author presents a theoretical model of modern educational process; the proposed mechanism is a system implementation of the Standard proved the importance of the consideration of the necessary skills and knowledge as the employment action; it shows the variability of implementation of the Standard in accordance with emerging problems in the professional activity of the teacher, the peculiarities of the system of implementation of the Standard by the example of one work function: teaching activities for the implementation of the programmes of primary General education. Testing showed the importance of using the system implementation of the Standard as methodological tools in the process of thinking as a teacher this document. An empirical test of performance was carried out on the basis of an analysis of the final work of 98 students of continuing education courses (primary school teachers). 78% of teachers designed EP, identified the main\ components in it and correlated them with the main labor functions. 83% of teachers switched from formal adherence to the standard to the conscious design of the study program.
Psychological Separation from Parents as a Condition for the Development of Students' Goal-Setting
Authors: Litvinova A.V.
Published: April 2020

The relevance of studying psychological separation as a condition determining the development of goal setting in students is substantiated. The features of the relationship of psychological separation from parents with goal setting for boys (N=23) and girls (N=42) from complete families are revealed. The study used the questionnaire Psychological Separation Inventory (PSI), an adaptation by V.P. Dzukaeva, T.Yu. Sadovnikov, “Value Orientations” technique by M. Rokich, “Life-Oriented Orientations” test D.A. Leontiev (adapted version of the test “Purpose in life” by J. Krambo and L. Makholik), questionnaire “Style of self-regulation of behavior” V.I. Morosanovoy. The results of a study confirming the presence of specific differences in the components of psychological separation from parents and goal-setting in boys and girls are presented. Boys are distinguished by the leading nature of separation from parents. Psychological separation from parents, in turn, is closely connected with the value-semantic and operational characteristics of goalsetting in boys and girls.
Joint Attention and Sensitivity to Orienting Gaze in Children with Atypical Development
Authors: Smirnova Y.K.
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the mechanism of joint attention and the subsequent normative and atypical development of the child. It is shown that the ability to establish joint attention based on the direction of the interlocutor's gaze is a precursor of the emergence of social and cognitive abilities. The study examined the differences between typical developmental children and atypical development control groups in their ability to be sensitive to social behavioral signals, namely the orientation direction of the interlocutor's gaze. On a sample of 120 children with typical development, mental retardation, hearing impairment, speech disorders and visual impairment, a number of tasks were developed to assess the ability to use the character's direction of sight in the picture to determine its intentions. The task measured such a skill of joint attention as the child’s ability to calculate and report what the other person was looking at and what he intended to choose. We also used tasks with a central hint with an explicit indication of an arrow and a peripheral hint to check the recognition of social and non-social orienting signals. Based on the comparison of contrasting groups, the variability of the formation and age-related changes in skills of joint attention, or rather the presence of differences in recognition, synthesis and interpretation orienting social information coming from eye contact. It was found that children with atpic development have a low level of "downward" joint attention. Impaired joint attention may be one of the earliest signs in children with atypical development at a later age. The results showed that deficiencies in the behavior of joint attention vary depending on mental age and level of development, a sensory defect, so the level of development can really affect the ability of children to joint attention.
Genetic differentiation of two phenotypes of Plantago media L. In South Timan
Authors: Zakhozhiy Ilya G. , Shadrin Dmitry M. , Pylina Yana I. , Chadin Ivan F. , Golovko Tamara K.
Published: April 2020

Background. The investigation of the genetic nature of plant phenotypic variability is of great importance for understanding biological diversity, distribution and adaptation of plants to environmental conditions.
The aim of our work was to study the genetic differentiation of two phenotypes of Plantago media in South Timan.
Materials and methods. The genetic differentiation of light and shadow phenotypes of Plantago media plants was evaluated using intersimple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers.
Results. The population-genetic analysis of 210 loci revealed two clusters, which boundaries coincided with the boundaries between plants of light and shadow phenotypes. The results of the discriminatory analysis of the main components and AMOVA (FST = 0.07, p = 0.001) confirmed that there are statistically significant genetic differences between these phenotypes even though they possess a high genetic similarity.
Conclusion. Light and shadow Plantago media phenotypes adapted to different ecological conditions are genetically differentiated. The population genetic analysis using ISSR markers is a sensitive tool for identifying the genetic diversity of phenotypic plant variations formed under the influence of environmental factors.
Technical aspects of the electrophoresis stage in the comet assay
Authors: Zhanataev Aliy K. , Anisina Elena A. , Pligina Kira L. , Lisitsyn Artem A. , Durnev Andrey D.
Published: April 2020

Inter- and intralaboratory variability of results is still a serious issue in the comet assay. There are several technical conditions of procedure, which may critically affect the results and electrophoresis terms were identified as main. A comparative assessment of the expected and actual electric field strength in five electrophoretic tanks and the contribution of the revealed differences to the variability in DNA damage carried out. Only for one tank, the measured electric field strength coincided with the expected 1 V/cm, while for four it ranged from 0.6 to 2.0 V/cm. The values of DNA damage assessed in the same samples of mouse kidney cells differed between tanks up to 4.7-fold for induced and up to 10-fold for spontaneous DNA damage. High local variations in the electric field strength and solution temperature across the platform as well as in %DNA in the tail of identical cell samples within electrophoresis runs also revealed. These variations were reduced by recirculation of electrophoresis solution. The results show that discrepancy between the estimated and the actual electric field strength can be reason of inter-laboratory variation of the comet assay results. Recirculation of the solution during electrophoresis will be useful to control of intra-laboratory and intra-assay variations.
Clinical, gender and age aspects of the internet addiction
Authors: Shaidukova L K , Rashitova E L
Published: April 2020

Aim. To study clinical, gender, and age-related aspects of Internet addiction.

Methods. The study includes 400 people related to computer technology, which was divided into 4 study groups by age and gender: 100 adolescents aged 14.10.6 years was in the first group, 100 professional computer engineers aged 30.64.2 years in the second group, 100 male students at the age of 22.33.6 years in the third group and 100 women students aged 22.13.1 years. Clinical-psychopathological and experimental psychological methods were used: interviewing, using a modified Internet Addiction Test (IAT) divided into three categories of questions by conditions. In the work, we used the data of a previous study with increasing of the sample and numbers of objectives.

Results. A study of the clinical features of Internet addiction revealed the presence of Internet-related paranoiac reactions, which was most in the second group (52.29.8), most rare in the first group (8.31.7), and equally in the third and the fourth groups (24.44.3 and 32.16.4). For the study of gender differences in Internet addiction, were included in the third and fourth groups. 48.73.6% of all included respondents preferred virtual communication to real, 46.33.1% had signs of Internet dependence on being in cyberspace, 30.82.4% there were deviations in the psycho-emotional sphere. Male was more likely to experience severe impairment of working capacity and a decrease in energy potential (45.63.8). Communication in social networks turned out to be more relevant for women (60.38.7). The study of the age-related aspect of Internet addiction was performed in the first group. It was revealed the presence of computer games addiction in 16.32.4% adolescents, addiction to the virtual communication in 48.23.9% adolescents, web surfing addiction in 10.41.7% adolescents, mixed forms of Internet addiction in 26.72.9% respondents and also correlation of Internet addiction with the level of intelligence of the adolescents.

Conclusion. A retrospective analysis of Internet addiction developmental dynamics showed alternation various forms of this addiction and the presence of age stages.
Methods of local antimicrobic prophylaxis of surgical site infection
Authors: Sergeev A. N. , Morozov A. M. , Askerov E. M. , Sergeev N. A. , Armasov A. R. , Isaev Yu. A.
Published: April 2020

Recently, to prevent of surgical site infection, new methods of local antimicrobic prophylaxis have been developed and successfully introduced, which allow to creating high concentrations of antimicrobial drugs in operated tissues and preventing the migration of bacterial flora into the wound. The review describes the main methods used for local impact on microflora and aimed at prophylaxis of surgical site infection. The latter include pre-, intra- and postoperative measures. Optimizing of preoperational methods could be achieved by improving the methods of processing of operating field. Reviews considerable attention is paid to intraoperative measures: the use of surgical gloves with antimicrobial properties, reticulated to implants with antimicrobial properties for tension-free hernioplasty, stage-by-stage surgical wound irrigation with antibacterial drugs during suturing as well as the prospects for the use of bacteriophages in abdominal surgery. To increase the biological tightness of the intestinal suture, some authors propose the use of a biodegradable antibiotic-impregnated implant. The review reflects the possibilities of using biologically active (antimicrobial) sutures, the use of which was very effective at all stages of the operation: from the application of intestinal anastomosis to the skin suture. A wide range of antimicrobial surgical sutures containing antibacterial preparations and made by threads with different biodegradation abilities make, allow us to recommend a differentiated approach to the choice of suture material depending on the stage of surgery and regenerative properties of the sutured tissues. The main measures recommended in the early postoperative period are to cover the wound with special wound coatings preventing the possible contamination and to improve irrigation-aspiration drainage techniques of postoperative wounds.
Analysis of disability of the children due to the ear diseases and mastoid process in St. Petersburg
Authors: Goryainov I V , Vladimirova O N , Goryainova M V
Published: April 2020

Aim. To analyze the characteristics of primary childhood disability due to diseases of the ear and mastoid process in St. Petersburg from 2001 to 2018.

Methods. It was analyzed the indicators of primary childhood disability due to diseases of the ear and mastoid process in St. Petersburg over 18 years (20012018) since the beginning of the pediatric medical and social examination service appeared in the city: number, rate and structure. For the calculation we used the statistical data of the St. Petersburg Health Committee (reporting forms No. 12 and No. 30), the Federal Treasury Institution The Main Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise across St. Petersburg form 7-D (social security), and data of a single automated vertically integrated information and analytical system for conducting. Statistical methods for studying disability were used: continuous observation (indicators of the number and rate of primary disability), nesting (serial) sampling to study the structure of disability (910 children recognized as disabled by the citys Bureau of Medico-social Examination from the moment of their occurrence).

Results. The rate of primary disability of children due to pathology of the ear and mastoid process for 18 years ranged from 0.34 to 1.4 per 10 thousand children , the average over the entire period of 0.77 per 10 thousand. In the structure of primary disability due to diseases of the ear and mastoid process in children, was 54.8% boys and 45.2% girls. It was recorded, that increase of the number of children recognized as disabled for the first time due to this pathology was related with an increase in the share of coverage of newborns with hearing screening, as well as an increase in the average annual number of children in St. Petersburg. Also, indicators of primary childhood disability depend on indicators of the primary incidence of ear diseases and mastoid process.

Conclusion. Indicators of the number and rate of disability of the children who were first recognized as disabled due to ear and mastoid diseases in St. Petersburg increased from 2001 to 2018, which is associated with an increase in birth rates, primary morbidity and primary detection of ear and mastoid diseases in children.
Medicine prices in 2017 and 2018 as a reflection of the effectiveness of government measures to ­ensure access to medicines
Authors: Razzakova C M , Ziganshina L E
Published: April 2020

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of medicine prices in 2017 and 2018 years in Kazan (The Republic of Tatarstan, The Russian Federation) to assess the effectiveness of government measures to ensure the accessibility of medicines.
Methods. We conducted a comparative analysis of medicine prices according to methodology developed by Health Action International and World Health Organization (WHO/HAI). The analysis included 30 medicines at a preselected dosage form. We studied the accessibility and prices of original brands and lowest priced generic of each medicine in the public and private pharmacies of Kazan in 2017 and 2018, and analyzed the procurement prices of the same medicines in inpatient hospitals. Medicine prices were compared with international reference prices (The Management Sciences for Health (MSH) reference prices) and expressed as median price ratio (MPR).
Results. Prices for originator and generic medicines in the public and private sectors tended to decrease in 2018 compared to 2017, but statistically significant price reduction occurred only for generic medicines in the private sector. For example, the median price ratio for originator products changed from 6.86 to 2.97 in the public sector and from 11.1 to 5.36 in the private sector in 2018 compared to 2017, but the changes were not statistically significant (p 0.05). Prices for generics medicines in the public sector did not change in the studied years and remained at the level of international reference prices (the median price ratio were 1.3 in 2017 and 1.27 in 2018). In the private sector, we found a twofold decrease in the prices of generics medicines in 2018 compared to 2017 [the median price ratio decreased from 3.25 to 1.44 (p 0.05)]. Procurement prices for generics medicines in public hospitals in 2017 and 2018 years did not show statistically significant changes with the median price ratio equal to 1.34 and 0.8, respectively.
Conclusion. Government price control measures of medicines contributed to maintaining the price of generic medicines at the reference prices level in the public sector and to halving the price of generic medicines in the private sector in 2018 compared to 2017.
Clinical case of using of implantable spinal access port system
Authors: Bondarenko S Yu , Gureev A D , Trukhanov I G
Published: April 2020

This paper presents our experience of implantation and operation of the spinal access port system on the example of patient P, 78 years old. The admission diagnosis: malignant neoplasm of pancreas. Surgical treatment is contraindicated due to multiple metastases to the abdominal organs and lymph nodes. On admission to the hospital, the patient complained of persistent abdominal pain [68 points on Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain)] was not relieved by the injection of NSAIDs and narcotic analgesics (morphine hydrochloride). We have decided to implant the spinal access port system to the patient aimed at neuraxial analgesia techniques. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 3.5 million people every day around the world suffer from cancer-related pain every day. The difficulties associated with the ineffectiveness of traditional pharmacological interventions for pain management lead to search alternative pain management. One of the aims of the paper is to attract the attention of treating doctors, surgeons, anesthesiologists to this technique because since it allows to reduce or relief of pain in this group of patients and improve their quality of life.
Laser technologies in the management of patients with complicated forms of sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Misbakhova A G , Abdrakhmanov A R , Belyaev A R
Published: April 2020

Aim. To study and assess the clinical effectiveness of medical laser technologies in the complex treatment of complicated forms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Methods. Modern technologies of molecular biological laboratory diagnostics in real time with Real-time amplifier CFX96 Bio-Rad Laboratorias (USA), were used for etiological diagnostics of pathogens. Determination of infectious and inflammatory lesions of tissues of the genital system was carried out using ultrasound on ALOKA CCL-680 device (Japan) using cavity sensors with an operating frequency of 5 MHz. Drug therapy was carried out in accordance with the Federal clinical recommendations of the Russian society of dermatovenerologists and cosmetologists Dermatovenerology (Moscow, 2015). To assess the effectiveness of laser technologies in complex treatment, patients with complicated forms of STIs were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (32 patients), where only traditional therapy was used, and the main group (108 patients), in which, in addition to traditional therapy, treatment was supplemented with laser therapy.

Results. The effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in the main group was 14.0%, and treatment using laser technology was 33.1% higher than the effectiveness of treatment in the control group. This shows the effectiveness of laser technologies in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory structural changes in the tissues of the organs of the reproductive system.

Conclusion. The use of medical laser technologies in the treatment of complicated forms of STIs with a change in exposure parameters depending on the revealed inflammatory-structural changes in the tissues of the affected organs showed high efficiency (79.6%); this technology can be recommended for use in practical health care for the treatment of complicated forms of STIs.
Alcances y desarrollo del movimiento feminista y el movimiento obrero en la conformación de una democracia social en el Perú oligárquico, 1887–1919
Authors: Morales Giraldo Juan Francisco
Published: April 2020

Entre 1887 y 1919 la sociedad peruana experimentó transformaciones asociadas a una temprana expansión capitalista y un proceso de modernización incipiente. La industrialización urbana, el alfabetismo y la emergencia de una nueva clase obrera fueron características de este periodo. Surgieron entonces movimientos sociales de carácter reivindicativo por el reconocimiento de derechos y libertades. El objetivo del estudio es analizar mediante un recuento histórico la importancia que tuvieron el movimiento obrero y el movimiento feminista en la conformación de una democracia social durante este periodo y las perspectivas de cambio del régimen oligárquico.
De presidentes y ministros. Cuestión de género en los casos de Argentina, Brasil y Chile
Authors: Perri María Emilia
Published: April 2020

En las últimas décadas la mujer ha ganado espacios antes impensados, transformándose en un actor importante tanto en lo público como en lo privado. América del Sur fue testigo de la llegada de mujeres a las presidencias de Chile, Brasil y Argentina, todas a través del mandato popular. Hoy dichas mujeres ya no están en el poder. Es necesario preguntarse ¿Cómo impactó ello en la configuración de los ministerios desde una perspectiva de género? Con este trabajo se buscó identificar la incidencia de la llegada de las mujeres a la presidencia sobre la composición de las carteras ministeriales en clave de género. ¿La llegada de una mujer a la presidencia asegura la apertura de espacios para el colectivo femenino?
Entre lo dicho y lo hecho cuando se trata de mujeres
Authors: Antón Mariano Eugenio
Published: April 2020

En el presente trabajo se buscó indagar respecto a la institucionalización o no de los espacios concebidos por la ley como necesarios a los fines del desarrollo de políticas públicas vinculados a violencia hacia la mujer. Se detectó que dichos ámbitos pensados legalmente no siempre encuentran su correlato en el diseño institucional de manera efectiva, y, por ende, entendemos que de ello existe la posibilidad de atribuir responsabilidades concretas ante la omisión o deficiente prestación del servicio requerido al Estado.
Rola zawodowa asystenta rodziny – przegląd badań
Authors: Hyży Katarzyna
Published: April 2020

Zawód asystenta rodziny w świetle obowiązujących przepisów został wprowadzony do pomocy społecznej w Polsce w 2012 r., początki jego istnienia datuje się jednak dużo wcześniej. Zawód ten w dużej mierze polega na udzielaniu pomocy w przezwyciężaniu trudności życiowych rodzin oraz poprawie funkcjonowania jej członków w różnych obszarach. Celem artykułu był przegląd publikacji prezentujących badania poświęcone roli zawodowej asystenta. Badacze zajmowali się wieloma obszarami wprowadzonej w Polsce asystentury. Zalicza się do nich realizację asystentury rodziny oraz badania pozwalające na ocenę jej efektywności według ustalonych kryteriów. W polu zainteresowań znalazły się także możliwości kształtowania kompetencji w procesie szkolenia asystentów rodzin oraz radzenia sobie z wypaleniem zawodowym, jak również analizy związane z postrzeganiem asystentów rodziny, formami zatrudnienia czy profesjonalizacji zawodu asystenta. Opisane publikacje zawierają wiele aspektów stale związanych z asystenturą rodziny, lecz są też takie, które przedstawiają jeden obszar badań, dotyczący specyficznej roli asystenta rodziny. Zakres prezentowanych publikacji jest dość szeroki, pozwala jednak na wybranie obszarów do głębszej analizy.
Pomoc osobom starszym – wybrane aspekty prawne
Authors: Szluz Krzysztof
Published: April 2020

Problematyka starości i pomocy osobom w podeszłym wieku stanowi zagadnienie szeroko analizowane i omawiane przez różne dyscypliny naukowe ze względu na swą społeczną doniosłość. Tradycyjnie opieka była sprawowana w rodzinie. W nowoczesnych społeczeństwach jest realizowana także przez instytucje. W perspektywie wciąż rosnącej liczby osób starszych za cel niniejszego artykułu przyjęto analizę i interpretację wybranych aspektów prawnych związanych ze sferą pomocową. W opracowaniu podjęto problematykę zapewnienia opieki w domu pomocy społecznej, utraty zdolności do czynności prawnych oraz obowiązku alimentacyjnego. Pobyt w domu pomocy społecznej może wynikać z aktu woli albo z mocy orzeczenia sądowego. Problemem jest to, że osoby starsze często nie są w stanie poradzić sobie z wyegzekwowaniem swoich praw, choćby w zakresie uzyskania alimentów od dorosłych dzieci. Nierzadko borykają się z problemami finansowymi. Mogą skorzystać ze świadczeń i specjalnych dodatków do emerytury bądź renty, jeśli spełniają określone warunki. Po dokonaniu analizy szczegółowych warunków dostępu oraz wysokości przydzielanych świadczeń wsparcie finansowe udzielane osobom starszym wydaje się niedostateczne (niski poziom świadczeń). Doraźne rozwiązanie stanowi świadczenie pieniężne przeznaczone dla emerytów i rencistów, a także wsparcie ich w zakresie rozwiązywania problemów prawnych w ramach nieodpłatnego poradnictwa prawnego.