bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telehealth-delivered naturalistic developmental behavioural intervention with and without caregiver acceptance and commitment therapy for autistic children and their caregivers: protocol for a multi-arm parallel group randomised clinical trial
Authors: McLay Laurie , Emerson Lisa Marie , Waddington Hannah , van Deurs Jenna , Hunter Jolene , Blampied Neville , Hapuku Aaron , Macfarlane Sonja , Bowden Nicholas , van Noorden Lauren , Rispoli Mandy
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Timely access to early support that optimises autistic children’s development and their caregiver’s mental health is critical. Naturalistic developmental behavioural interventions (NDBIs) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) are evidence-based supports that can enhance child learning and behaviour, and adult well-being, respectively. The traditional face-to-face delivery of these approaches is resource intensive. Further, little is known about the benefit of parallel child-focused and caregiver-focused supports. The aims of this trial are to evaluate the effectiveness and social validity of telehealth-delivered, caregiver-implemented, child-focused NDBI and caregiver-focused ACT when delivered alone and in parallel, on autistic children’s social communication and caregiver well-being.

Methods and analysis

The study will use a randomised, single-blind clinical trial with three parallel arms: NDBI; ACT and ACT+NDBI. We will recruit a minimum of 78, 2–5-year-old autistic children and their families throughout Aotearoa New Zealand. Support will be delivered over 13 weeks using a combination of culturally enhanced web-based modules and online group coaching. Primary outcome variables include children’s social communication/engagement with their caregiver as well as caregiver stress and will be evaluated using a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance. Outcome variables are assessed at baseline (before randomisation), immediately postparticipation and at 3-month follow-up.

Ethics and dissemination

The trial is approved by the Health and Disability Ethics Committee (2022 FULL 12058). The findings of this trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and national and international conference proceedings regardless of the magnitude/direction of effect. Additionally, data will be shared with stakeholder groups, service providers and health professionals.

Trial registration number

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622001134718).
Evaluation of an interprofessional primary healthcare team as a new model of primary care in Quebec: a protocol for a type 2 effectiveness-implementation hybrid study
Authors: Côté Nancy , Frikha Yasmine , Freeman Andrew , Cortez Ghio Sergio , Laberge Maude , Isabelle Maripier , Duhoux Arnaud , Denis Jean-Louis , Jean Emmanuelle , Binette Sébastien
Published: May 2023

Introduction

One family medicine group (FMG) in Quebec has commenced a 5-year pilot project, which is herein referred to as theArchimèdemodel, to implement a patient-centred model based on interprofessional care and the optimal use of healthcare providers’ practice scopes. A research project will be conducted to: (1) assess this model’s effect on the FMG’s operational performance, and its users’ resource utilisation at the public health system level; (2) investigate its optimisation with respect to professional roles, interprofessional teamwork and patient-centredness and (3) document users’ experience with the model. The aim of this article is to describe the protocol that will be used for this research.

Methods and analysis

A hybrid implementation approach (type 2 model) will be used. We will collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Regarding the quantitative dimension, and because this is a single-unit intervention study, we will use either or both synthetic control methods and one-sample generalised linear models for analyses at the FMG level. To evaluate the broader impact ofArchimèdeon the public health system, we will use mixed-effects models and propensity score matching methods. Regarding the qualitative research dimension, using an interpretative descriptive approach, we will document users’ experience and identify the factors that optimise professional scopes of practice, collaborative practices and patient-centredness. We will conduct individual in-depth semistructured interviews with healthcare providers, administrative staff, stakeholders involved in theArchimèdemodel implementation and patients.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Sectoral Research in Population Health and Primary Care of the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale (#2019-1503). The results of the investigation will be presented to the stakeholders involved in the advisory committees and at several scientific conferences. Manuscripts will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals.
The randomised thoracoscopic talc poudrage+indwelling pleural catheters versus thoracoscopic talc poudrage only in malignant pleural effusion trial (TACTIC): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dipper Alexandra , Sundaralingam Anand , Hedley Emma , Tucker Emma , White Paul , Bhatnagar Rahul , Moore Andrew , Dobson Melissa , Luengo-Fernandez Ramon , Mills Janet , Sowden Sandra , Harvey John E , Dobson Lee , Miller Robert F , Munavvar Mohammed , Rahman Najib , Maskell Nick
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is common, with 50 000 new cases per year in the UK. MPE causes disabling breathlessness and indicates advanced disease with a poor prognosis. Treatment approaches focus on symptom relief and optimising quality of life (QoL). Patients who newly present with MPE commonly require procedural intervention for both diagnosis and therapeutic benefit.

Thoracoscopic pleural biopsies are highly sensitive in diagnosing pleural malignancy. Talc poudrage may be delivered at thoracoscopy (TTP) to prevent effusion recurrence by effecting pleurodesis. Indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) offer an alternative strategy for fluid control, enabling outpatient management and are often used as ‘rescue’ therapy following pleurodesis failure or in cases of ‘trapped lung’. It is unknown whether combining a TTP with IPC insertion will improve patient symptoms or reduce time spent in the hospital.

The randomised thoracoscopic talc poudrage + indwelling pleural catheters versus thoracoscopic talc poudrage only in malignant pleural effusion trial (TACTIC) is the first randomised controlled trial (RCT) to examine the benefit of a combined TTP and IPC procedure, evaluating cost-effectiveness and patient-centred outcomes such as symptoms and QoL. The study remains in active recruitment and has the potential to radically transform the pathway for all patients presenting with MPE.

Methods and analysis

TACTIC is an unblinded, multicentre, RCT comparing the combination of TTP with an IPC to TTP alone. Co-primary outcomes are time spent in the hospital and mean breathlessness score over 4 weeks postprocedure. The study will recruit 124 patients and aims to define the optimal pathway for patients presenting with symptomatic MPE.

Ethics and dissemination

TACTIC is sponsored by North Bristol NHS Trust and has been granted ethical approval by the London-Brent Research Ethics Committee (REC ref: 21/LO/0495). Publication of results in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations are anticipated.

Trial registration

ISRCTN 11058680.
Pregnancy and superior moral status: a proposal for two thresholds of personhood
Authors: Robinson Heloise
Published: May 2023

In this paper, I suggest that, if we are committed to accepting a threshold approach to personhood, according to which all beings above the threshold are persons with equal moral status, there are strong reasons to also recognise a second threshold that would be reached through human pregnancy, and that would confer on pregnant women a temporary superior moral status. This proposal is not based on the moral status of the fetus, but on the moral status of the pregnant woman. It is not only the fetus which is an organism sui generis: the pregnant woman, also, is a unique being. Following almost any view on the moral status of the fetus, the pregnant woman should be regarded, herself, as more than a singular individual. She is, herself, ‘more than one’. Pregnant women are also necessary for the continued survival of the human species, and there are important justice-based reasons to recognise the higher status. Furthermore, the recognition of a superior moral status for pregnant women does not imply that pregnancy should always be viewed as desirable, or imply any position on the permissibility of abortion. My proposal is not as radical as it might seem, as it does not require that pregnant women should always receive superior treatment, but only that they should to some extent. It could have a range of potential positive practical consequences. Finally, my approach does not threaten, but rather promotes, human equality.
Hanna Rion andThe Weekly Dispatch’s twilight sleep crusade
Authors: Taylor Eleanor
Published: May 2023

The story of twilight sleep is an important, yet neglected, episode in the history of obstetric pain relief in Britain. One reason for its neglect in historical writing is that most of the discussion of the therapy took place in newspapers, particularly theWeekly Dispatch. Using digitised newspapers, as well as medical journals, this article reconstructs the largely overlooked story of twilight sleep in Britain. Twilight sleep was comprised of two drugs, scopolamine and morphine, which acted together to remove the pain of labour, as well as memory of it. Twilight sleep gained popularity in 1915 in Britain, a year after it became popular in America, on which most scholarship has focused. One of the main advocates for the use of twilight sleep in Britain was Hanna Rion, who wrote a series of weekly articles in 1916 campaigning for its use. Rion’s articles, and the response to them, show how the rise in popularity of twilight sleep reflected concerns about a declining birth rate amidst the backdrop of World War I. Through studying twilight sleep we see how women began to see themselves as consumers and shape medical practice, before the natural childbirth movement, which it has traditionally been attributed to. Therefore, twilight sleep provides us with the missing link in the story of obstetric anaesthetics, between the discovery of chloroform in 1847 and the natural childbirth movement in the 1930s.
Enhancing departmental teaching in the digital age: as easy as 1-3-5
Authors: Fenech Valentina , Martin Sarah-Jane , Leach John-Paul
Published: May 2023

We have recently introduced a new item to our neurology Grand Rounds—the ‘1-3-5 presentation’. The format comprises a presentation on one topic, using three slides and lasting no more than 5 minutes. This a useful way of covering brief single topics and introducing and sparking discussion on more complex ones. ‘1-3-5s’ have proven popular in our department and we have compiled a library of these presentations that is hosted on a YouTube channel. This article discusses the benefits and prospects for this format and encourages other units to provide similar opportunities for teaching and learning among all clinical grades.
High prevalence and incidence of gonorrhoea and chlamydia in young women eligible for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in South Africa and Zimbabwe: results from the HPTN 082 trial
Authors: Delany-Moretlwe Sinead , Mgodi Nyaradzo , Bekker Linda-Gail , Baeten Jared M , Li Chuwen , Donnell Deborah , Agyei Yaw , Lennon Denni , Rose Scott M , Mokgatle Marcia , Kassim Sheetal , Mukaka Shorai , Adeyeye Adeola , Celum Connie
Published: May 2023

Introduction

We investigated the prevalence, incidence and factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young African women seeking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Methods

HPTN 082 was a prospective, open-label PrEP study enrolling HIV-negative sexually active women aged 16–25 years in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa, and Harare, Zimbabwe. Endocervical swabs from enrolment, months 6 and 12 were tested forNeisseria gonorrhoeae(GC) andChlamydia trachomatis(CT) by nucleic acid amplification, andTrichomonas vaginalis(TV) by a rapid test. Intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations in dried blood spots were measured at months 6 and 12. Associations between risk characteristics and STI outcomes were assessed using Poisson regression.

Results

Of 451 enrolled participants, 55% had an STI detected at least once. CT incidence was 27.8 per 100 person-years (py) (95% CI 23.1, 33.2), GC incidence was 11.4 per 100 py (95% CI 8.5, 15.0) and TV incidence was 6.7 per 100 py (95% CI 4.5, 9.5). 66% of incident infections were diagnosed in women uninfected at baseline. Baseline cervical infection (GC or CT) risk was highest in Cape Town (relative risk (RR) 2.38, 95% CI 1.35, 4.19) and in those not living with family (RR 1.87, 95% 1.13, 3.08); condom use was protective (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45, 0.99). Incident CT was associated with baseline CT (RR 2.01; 95% CI 1.28, 3.15) and increasing depression score (RR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01, 1.09). Incident GC was higher in Cape Town (RR 2.40; 95% CI 1.18, 4.90) and in participants with high PrEP adherence (TFV-DP concentrations ≥700 fmol/punch) (RR 2.04 95% CI 1.02, 4.08).

Conclusion

Adolescent girls and young women seeking PrEP have a high prevalence and incidence of curable STIs. Alternatives to syndromic management for diagnosis and treatment are needed to reduce the burden of STIs in this population.

Trial registration number

NCT02732730.
Rebound in asthma exacerbations following relaxation of COVID-19
restrictions: a longitudinal population-based study (COVIDENCE UK)
Authors: Tydeman Florence , Pfeffer Paul E , Vivaldi Giulia , Holt Hayley , Talaei Mohammad , Jolliffe David , Davies Gwyneth , Lyons Ronan A , Griffiths Christopher , Kee Frank , Sheikh Aziz , Shaheen Seif O , Martineau Adrian R
Published: May 2023

Background

The imposition of restrictions on social mixing early in the
COVID-19 pandemic was followed by a reduction in asthma exacerbations in
multiple settings internationally. Temporal trends in social mixing,
incident acute respiratory infections (ARI) and asthma exacerbations
following relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions have not yet been
described.

Methods

We conducted a population-based longitudinal study in 2312 UK adults
with asthma between November 2020 and April 2022. Details of face
covering use, social mixing, incident ARI and severe asthma
exacerbations were collected via monthly online questionnaires. Temporal
changes in these parameters were visualised using Poisson generalised
additive models. Multilevel logistic regression was used to test for
associations between incident ARI and risk of asthma exacerbations,
adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

Relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions from April 2021 coincided with
reduced face covering use (p<0.001), increased frequency of indoor
visits to public places and other households (p<0.001) and rising
incidence of COVID-19 (p<0.001), non-COVID-19 ARI (p<0.001) and
severe asthma exacerbations (p=0.007). Incident non-COVID-19 ARI
associated independently with increased risk of asthma exacerbation
(adjusted OR 5.75, 95% CI 4.75 to 6.97) as did incident COVID-19, both
prior to emergence of the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 (5.89, 3.45 to
10.04) and subsequently (5.69, 3.89 to 8.31).

Conclusions

Relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions coincided with decreased face
covering use, increased social mixing and a rebound in ARI and asthma
exacerbations. Associations between incident ARI and risk of severe
asthma exacerbation were similar for non-COVID-19 ARI and COVID-19, both
before and after emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant.

Study registration number

NCT04330599.
New insights into the composition and diversity of endophytic bacteria in cultivated Huperzia serrata
Authors: Pan Wen-Jing , Miao Li-Yun , Fan Shi-Peng , Lv Pin-Wei , Lin Ai-Hua , Geng Hong , Song Fa-Jun , Zhang Peng
Published: May 2023

Endophytic bacteria play crucial roles in the growth and bioactive compound synthesis of host plants. In this study, the composition and diversity of endophytic bacteria in the roots, stems, and leaves from 3-year-old artificially cultivated Huperzia serrata were investigated using Illumina HiSeq sequencing technology. Total effective reads were assigned to 936 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), belonging to 12 phyla and 289 genera. A total of 28, 3, and 2 OTUs were exclusive to the roots, stems, and leaves, respectively. The bacterial richness and diversity in the roots were significantly lower than those in the leaves and stems. The dominant genera with significant distribution differences among these plant tissue samples were Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Sphingomonas, Acidibacter, Bradyrhizobium, Bryobacter, Methylocella, Nocardioides, Acidothermus, and Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium. Furthermore, the differences in the bacterial communities associated with these plant tissue samples were visualized using principal coordinate analysis and cluster pedigree diagrams. Linear discriminant analysis effect size explained statistically significant differences among the endophytic bacterial microbiota in these plant tissue samples. Overall, this study provides new insights into the diversity and distribution patterns of endophytic bacteria in the different tissues of H. serrata.
Convection effect on solidification microstructure: dendritic arm spacing and microsegregation
Authors: Galenko P. K.
Published: May 2023

Convection affect primary crystalline structure, particularly, the dendrite crystal velocity and dendrite tip radius. The present work aims on the influence of the convective flow on the primary dendrite spacing between neighbouring crystals within the dendrite ensemble. Solidification of a binary alloy is considered within the model of stagnant boundary layer, under imposed thermal gradient which influence on the crystal microstructure and chemical microsegregation. Chemical composition in the solidifying liquid and crystalline solid is derived from the solution of the solute diffusion transport equation taking into account the convective flow. The model results are consistent with the Scheil-Brody-Flemings model, experimental data and computational results.
Applications of the generalized nonlinear evolution equation with symbolic computation approach
Authors: Tarla Sibel , Ali Karmina K. , Yusuf Abdullahi , Yilmazer Resat
Published: May 2023

In this work, we will try to find lump solutions, interaction between lump wave and solitary wave solutions, kink-solitary wave solutions and shock wave-type solutions to [Formula: see text]-dimensional generalized nonlinear evolution equation arising in the shallow water waves. The lump solutions, the interaction between lump wave and solitary wave solutions and kink-solitary wave solutions are derived with symbolic computation based on a logarithmic derivative transform which is derived by the help of Hirota’s simple method. The shallow water waves in this equation are associated with some natural problems such as tides, storms, atmospheric currents and tsunamis. For the physical presentation of the solutions, we draw 3D and counter graphics by giving the suitable values to include the free parameters. We believe that disciplines such as mathematical physics, nonlinear dynamics, fluid mechanics and engineering sciences can benefit from this study.
Implications of sulfur mineralogy and consequences of pyrite oxidation for ground engineering
Authors: Czerewko Mourice A. , Cripps John C.
Published: June 2023

Aggressive ground conditions and the physical deterioration of ground and engineering materials can be attributed to a wide range of factors. However, a high proportion of groundwork damage in the engineering environment in the UK results from the presence of sulfur minerals, particularly pyrite, which is unstable under oxidizing and damp atmospheric weathering conditions. The oxidation reactions are complex in that the rate, and the products, depend on the crystalline form and grain size of the pyrite as well as the host mineralogy, the rock fabric and the environmental conditions, including exposure to weathering action brought about by engineering works. The possibility of changes in the potential for pyrite oxidation during and after construction therefore need to be considered to prevent any negative impacts on engineering design and construction. This paper reviews the implications of sulfur minerals, especially of pyrite oxidation, with reference to engineering situations in which pyrite oxidation may have a significant negative impact. Changes in the potential for oxidation because of ground engineering works and strategies for avoiding problems are also considered.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Sulfur in the Earth system collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/sulfur-in-the-earth-system
Variscan zircons everywhere? Multi-stage sedimentary recycling in Central Europe
Authors: Zieger Johannes , Zieger-Hofmann Mandy , Gärtner Andreas , Linnemann Ulf
Published: May 2023

The North German Basin is part of a Central European-wide sedimentary recycling system that has existed since at least the Neoproterozoic. Understanding the evolution of such a system is crucial for further studies, as the North German Basin inherits vast natural gas resources and may act as an intermediate sink for younger strata. This study presents new detrital zircon morphology, trace element and U–Pb age data obtained from Upper Rotliegend II strata (Upper Permian). Detrital zircon dating revealed Cambrian, Carboniferous and Permian main age clusters. There are also several minor Paleo-, Meso- and Neoproterozoic age clusters. Zircon grain morphologies show completely unrounded to completely rounded grains throughout each age range. The heterogeneity of the data is key to deciphering the sedimentary history of the Central German Basin, as the basin fill is most likely a mixture of (repeatedly) recycled material and also directly derived from bedrock sources. These results are supported by trace element data, which show a wide range of values indicating different magma sources. This study further explores the dispersal patterns of detrital zircon over time and demonstrates their complexity.
AD
2
VNCS:

A

dversarial

D

efense and

D

evice

V

ariation-tolerance in Memristive Crossbar-based

N

euromorphic

C

omputing

S

ystems
Authors: Bi Yongtian , Xu Qi , Geng Hao , Chen Song , Kang Yi
Published: May 2023

In recent years, memristive crossbar-based neuromorphic computing systems (NCS) have obtained extremely high performance in neural network acceleration. However, adversarial attacks and conductance variations of memristors bring reliability challenges to NCS design. First, adversarial attacks can fool the neural network and pose a serious threat to security critical applications. However, device variations lead to degradation of the network accuracy. In this article, we propose DFS (Deep neural network Feature importance Sampling) and BFS (Bayesian neural network Feature importance Sampling) training strategies, which consist of Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) prior setting, clustering-based loss function, and feature importance sampling techniques, to simultaneously combat device variation, white-box attack, and black-box attack challenges. Experimental results clearly demonstrate that the proposed training framework can improve the NCS reliability.
Revisiting the Role of Heterophily in Graph Representation Learning: An Edge Classification Perspective
Authors: Huang Jincheng , Li Ping , Huang Rui , Chen Na , Zhang Acong
Published: June 2023

Graph representation learning aims at integrating node contents with graph structure to learn nodes/graph representations. Nevertheless, it is found that many existing graph learning methods do not work well on data with high heterophily level that accounts for a large proportion of edges between different class labels. Recent efforts to this problem focus on improving the message passing mechanism. However, it remains unclear whether heterophily truly does harm to the performance of graph neural networks (GNNs). The key is to unfold the relationship between a node and its immediate neighbors, e.g., are they heterophilous or homophilious? From this perspective, here we study the role of heterophily in graph representation learning before/after the relationships between connected nodes are disclosed. In particular, we propose an end-to-end framework that both learns the type of edges (i.e., heterophilous/homophilious) and leverage edge type information to improve the expressiveness of graph neural networks. We implement this framework in two different ways. Specifically, to avoid messages passing through heterophilous edges, we can optimize the graph structure to be homophilious by dropping heterophilous edges identified by an edge classifier. Alternatively, it is possible to exploit the information about the presence of heterophilous neighbors for feature learning, so a hybrid message passing approach is devised to aggregate homophilious neighbors and diversify heterophilous neighbors based on edge classification. Extensive experiments demonstrate the remarkable performance improvement of GNNs with the proposed framework on multiple datasets across the full spectrum of homophily level.
Cross-Length of Mode Shapes in Structural Dynamics: Concept and Applications
Authors: Aenlle M. , Stufano R. , García-Fernández N. , Pelayo F. , Brincker R.
Published: May 2023

Modal mass is one of the modal parameters that are required to define the dynamic behavior of a structure when a modal model is used. In experimental modal analysis (EMA), modal masses are the least reliable modal parameter, while in operational modal analysis (OMA), modal masses cannot be estimated because the exciting forces are not measured. In this paper, the concept of cross-length between mode shapes is formulated for continuous and discrete systems, and important properties are derived from this definition. It is demonstrated that the cross-length is zero for all modes in constant mass density systems. For structures consisting of parts with different mass density, equations that relate the partial cross-lengths over the different volumes and the total masses of the different parts can be formulated for each mode, i.e., there is a relationship between the cross-length and the total mass of the parts with different mass density. The equations proposed in the paper have been validated through numerical simulations and experimental testing on two lab-scaled structures. This methodology can also be applied as a correlation technique, specifically to determine how the mass is distributed in the structure, as well as a technique to construct a proportional FRF in constant mass density systems.
Panoramic Radiography Features of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ)
Authors: Izzetti Rossana , Gennai Stefano , De Francesco Pierpaolo , Carli Elisabetta , Graziani Filippo , Nisi Marco
Published: May 2023

The diagnosis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) relies on the application of the clinical criteria stated in the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons position paper. The role of diagnostic imaging in integrating MRONJ clinical assessment is still debated, as pathognomonic imaging features have not been yet recognized. The present study retrospectively evaluated the radiographic signs of MRONJ on panoramic radiography with the aim of describing the characteristics of the lesions at different stages of the disease. The presence of alterations of the lamina dura (thickening or loss), the persistence of the alveolar socket following tooth extraction, and bone alterations (including sequestrum, sclerosis, osteolysis, mandibular canal enhancement, pathologic fracture, sinus involvement, and periosteal reaction) were investigated. The occurrence of each radiographic sign was stratified depending on oral status, antiresorptive pharmacological treatment administered, and general health variables. A weak relationship between radiographic signs and disease stage was observed. Mandibular canal enhancement was associated with the advanced disease stage (p-value < 0.001). The distribution of the different radiographic features was not influenced by the underlying disease (osteoporosis or oncologic disease) treated with antiresorptive drugs. Bone sequestrum was more frequently encountered in the mandible. Panoramic radiography appears to be a valid support in the assessment of MRONJ lesions. The clinician should be aware of the signs associated with MRONJ occurrence in order to improve the diagnostic performance and provide adequate treatment.
Integrating BERT Embeddings and BiLSTM for Emotion Analysis of Dialogue
Authors: Gou Zhinan , Li Yan
Published: May 2023

Dialogue system is an important application of natural language processing in human‐computer interaction. Emotion analysis of dialogue aims to classify the emotion of each utterance in dialogue, which is crucially important to dialogue system. In dialogue system, emotion analysis is helpful to the semantic understanding and response generation and is great significance to the practical application of customer service quality inspection, intelligent customer service system, chatbots, and so on. However, it is challenging to solve the problems of short text, synonyms, neologisms, and reversed word order for emotion analysis in dialogue. In this paper, we analyze that the feature modeling of different dimensions of dialogue utterances is helpful to achieve more accurate sentiment analysis. Based on this, we propose the BERT (bidirectional encoder representation from transformers) model that is used to generate word‐level and sentence‐level vectors, and then, word‐level vectors are combined with BiLSTM (bidirectional long short‐term memory) that can better capture bidirectional semantic dependencies, and word‐level and sentence‐level vectors are connected and inputted to linear layer to determine emotions in dialogue. The experimental results on two real dialogue datasets show that the proposed method significantly outperforms the baselines.
Possible Zones of Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) and Seawater Intrusion (SWI) along the West Coast of Kanyakumari, India
Authors: George Annmaria K. , Gandhi Suresh , Perumal Muthukumar , Roy Priyadarsi D. , Jothimani Muralitharan , Sekar Selvam
Published: May 2023

The possible zones of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and seawater intrusion (SWI) along the west coast of Kanyakumari in the southernmost Indian Peninsula were identified by integrating the surface temperature anomaly, water table fluctuation, and water quality analysis. Temperature map of the sea surface from Landsat 8 satellite data, which helped to demarcate SGD in areas with significant thermal contrast, exists between the seawater and discharging groundwater. Monitoring data of 2019–2021 illustrated patchy, diffuse, and temporally variable groundwater seepage. The spatial distribution map created from groundwater level, and water quality parameters depicted high SGD in areas of high groundwater level and high chances of SWI in regions with low groundwater level. This study identified that the areas with low groundwater level, high EC, and high chloride contents are prone to SWI. Similarly, the regions with high thermal contrast, high groundwater level, and low EC have more SGD. These methods have the potential to be used as preliminary screening tools before implementing detailed studies about the mixing process.
Multidrug Resistance and Plasmid Profiles of Escherichia coli Isolated from Lebanese Broiler Farms
Authors: Shaib Houssam , Aoun Paul , Ghaddar Ahmad , Al Labadi Hamza , Obeid Youssef
Published: June 2023

The present study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and plasmid fingerprints of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from Lebanese broiler chickens. To that end, a total of 30 E. coli isolates were collected from 15 semi-open broiler farms from North Lebanon and Bekaa Valley. Results showed that all the isolates were resistant to at least nine out of 18 evaluated antimicrobial agents. The best-performing antibiotic families were Carbapenems (Imipenem) and Quinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin) to which only 0.0 and 8.3% of the isolates were resistant, respectively. Fifteen various plasmid profiles were depicted, and all the isolates were found to possess one or multiple plasmids. The plasmid sizes varied from 1.2 to 21.0 kbp, and the most commonly detected plasmid had a size of 5.7 kbp (23.3% of the isolates). There was no significant association between the number of plasmids per isolate and resistance to a particular drug. Nevertheless, the presence of specific plasmids, namely, the 2.2 or 7.7 kbp sized ones, was strongly correlated to Quinolones or Trimethoprim resistance, respectively. Both the 7.7 and 6.8 kbp plasmids showed mild correlation to Amikacin resistance, and the 5.7 kbp plasmid was mildly correlated to Piperacillin-Tazobactam resistance. Our findings highlight the need to revise the list of antimicrobials currently used in Lebanese poultry and associate the presence of specific plasmids to antimicrobial resistance patterns in E. coli isolates. The revealed plasmid profiles could also serve any future epidemiological investigation of poultry disease outbreaks in the country.
The Frequency of Undiagnosed Celiac Disease in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes and Its Association with Diabetic Retinopathy: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: Brady Ryan P. , Jensen Elizabeth T. , Rigdon Joseph , Crimmins Nancy A. , Mallon Daniel , Dolan Lawrence M. , Imperatore Giuseppina , Kahkoska Anna R. , Mottl Amy K. , Honor Ann , Pettitt David J. , Merjaneh Lina , Dabelea Dana , Shah Amy S.
Published: May 2023

Aims. Celiac disease (CD) in adults with type 1 diabetes has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk and the earlier occurrence of diabetes-associated complications. In the Search for Diabetes in Youth study, we aimed to assess the frequency of CD and the potential for undiagnosed CD among youth with childhood onset type 1 diabetes. In addition, we assessed the burden of cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes-associated complications in youth with type 1 diabetes by CD status and IgA tissue transglutaminase autoantibody (tTGA) levels. Methods. 2,444 youths with type 1 diabetes completed a CD questionnaire and underwent tTGA testing. Integrating the celiac disease questionnaire and tTGA results for this cross-sectional analysis, participants were categorized as follows: (1) reported CD; (2) seropositive for CD (no reported CD and seropositive tTGA); and (3) type 1 diabetes only (comparison group: no reported CD and seronegative tTGA). Subanalyses were performed on those with no reported CD and tTGA ≥10x ULN, designated potentially undiagnosed CD. Cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes-associated complications were evaluated by CD status and tTGA levels utilizing a Poisson model to estimate relative risk. Results. Reported CD in youths with type 1 diabetes was 7%. Seropositivity for tTGA with no reported CD was present in 4%, and 1.2% had potentially undiagnosed CD. Youths with potentially undiagnosed CD had a 2.69x higher risk of diabetic retinopathy than comparison group. In addition, CD with tTGA <0.05 (controlled CD) was associated with lower HbA1c. Conclusions. Undiagnosed CD is likely present in youths with type 1 diabetes and potentially undiagnosed CD is associated with a higher risk of diabetic retinopathy. These findings indicate the importance of routine screening for CD in type 1 diabetes in youths.
Average-Based Fuzzy Time Series Markov Chain Based on Frequency Density Partitioning
Authors: Hariyanto Susilo , Sumanto Y. D. , Khabibah Siti , Zaenurrohman
Published: May 2023

Fuzzy time series (FTS) is one of the forecasting methods that has been developed until now. The fuzzy time series is a forecasting method that uses the concept of fuzzy logic, which Song and Chissom first introduced. The fuzzy time series (FTS) Markov chain uses the Markov chain in defuzzification. The determination of the length of the interval in the fuzzy time series plays an important role in forming a fuzzy logic relationship (FLR), and this FLR will be used to determine the forecasting value. One method that can be used to determine the interval length is average-based. However, several studies use partitioning based on frequency density to obtain the optimal interval length to get better forecasting accuracy. This study combines the fuzzy time series Markov chain, Average-based fuzzy time series, and Fuzzy time series based on frequency density partitioning to become average-based fuzzy time series Markov chain based on the Frequency Density Partition which conducts redivided intervals based on frequency density in the average-based fuzzy time series Markov chain method. This method is implemented in forecasting the Indonesian Islamic stock index (ISSI) for the selected period. The calculation of the accuracy level using the mean square error (MSE) and the mean average percentage error (MAPE) shows that the fuzzy Markov chain-based fuzzy time series based on the frequency density partition has a high level of accuracy in forecasting.
Finite Element Analysis of Acetabulum Prosthesis’ Lining Damage Zone with Different Implanting Angle
Authors: Bian Yiqun , Wang Hao , Huang Anqi
Published: June 2023

Objective. Research the acetabular component’s construction method of a three‐dimensional finite element model in THA with different angles and study the influence of polyethylene liner wearing with finite element analysis. Methods. Build a model in the 3D modeling software system HyperMesh according to the artificial hip joint prosthesis’ entities and data. Using a finite element analysis system, ABAQUS 6.11 reconstitute acetabular prosthesis after hip replacement joints under different implanting position angles. Simulation and load the joint load when sheet foot touchdown state. Calculate the plastic volume strain and fatigue fracture. Results. The two groups of combinations of abduction angle 50° vs. anteversion angle 10° and abduction angle 55° vs. anteversion angle 15° have been found to have relatively smaller interface plastic strain and fatigue fracture volume value (2.241 × 10−7 m3, 2.443 × 10−7 m3), respectively. Conclusion. The groups of combinations of abduction angle 50° vs. anteversion angle 10° have been found to have relatively smallest interface plastic strain and fatigue fracture volume value in the total hip arthroplasty.
Modeling and Assessing Surface Water Potential Using Combined SWAT Model and Spatial Proximity Regionalization Technique for Ungauged Subwatershed of Jewuha Watershed, Awash Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Beza Manamno , Hailu Habtamu , Teferi Gezahegn
Published: May 2023

Surface water potential is the availability of water on the surface of the Earth. It is a finite renewable resource, of which the quantity and quality are both space- and time-dependent. Careful estimation of the surface water potential of a river basin is very essential for the future development of any kind of water-related project in countries like Ethiopia. The surface water potential of the ungauged subwatershed of Jewuha watershed was estimated using the hydrological model of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and simple regionalization techniques. The study used different data inputs collected from various sources and field observations. The performance of the hydrological model was analyzed using performance checker parameters. After calibrating and simulating using observed flow, the model showed it was very well to simulate the hydrology of the watershed with a coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent of bias (PBIAS) of 0.74, 0.73, and 0.80 for calibration and 0.71, 0.70, and 7.90 for validation, respectively, in Jewuha watershed. From the total watershed area of 680 km2, 163.68 million m3 of runoff was generated by the model annually. In conclusion, the watershed has high surface water potential, and the rivers in the subwatershed also have enough surface water that may be used for agricultural development.
La dirección de la innovación y la Inteligencia Artificial
Authors: Heresi José Ignacio , Ponce Carlos
Published: May 2023

¿Qué es la inteligencia artificial? Las definiciones existentes son bastante amplias y poco precisas. Tal ambigüedad, lejos de ser un problema, refleja el escaso conocimiento que poseemos acerca de este tema. Una definición básica es que la inteligencia artificial (IA) es la teoría y el desarrollo de sistemas de computación capaces de realizar tareas que requieren la inteligencia humana. Continuar leyendo...
Associations between Etiologic or Prognostic Tumor Tissue Markers and Neighborhood Contextual Factors in Male Health Professionals Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Iyer Hari S. , Kensler Kevin H. , Vaselkiv Jane B. , Stopsack Konrad H. , Roscoe Charlotte , Bandera Elisa V. , Qin Bo , Jang Thomas L. , Lotan Tamara L. , James Peter , Hart Jaime E. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Laden Francine , Rebbeck Timothy R.
Published: May 2023

Background:

There is growing evidence that unfavorable neighborhood contexts may influence prostate cancer progression. Whether these associations may be explained in part by differences in tumor-level somatic alterations remain unclear.

Methods:

Data on tumor markers (PTEN, p53, ERG, and SPINK1) were obtained from 1,157 participants with prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Neighborhood greenness, socioeconomic status, and the income Index of Concentration at Extremes were obtained from satellite and census data and linked to participants’ address at diagnosis and at study enrollment. Exposures were scaled to an interquartile range and modeled as tertiles. Bivariate associations between tertiles of neighborhood factors and tumor markers were assessed in covariate adjusted logistic regression models to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals.

Results:

There was no association between any of the neighborhood contextual factors and PTEN, p53, ERG, or SPINK1 in bivariate or multivariable adjusted models. Results were generally consistent when modeling exposure using exposure at diagnosis or at study enrollment.

Conclusions:

In this multilevel study of men with prostate cancer, we found no evidence of associations between neighborhood context and tumor tissue markers.

Impact:

Our results provide some of the first empirical data in support of the hypothesis that prostate cancer risk conferred by tumor tissue markers may arise independently of underlying neighborhood context. Prospective studies in more diverse populations are needed to confirm these findings.
A Novel Autologous CAR-T Therapy, YTB323, with Preserved T-cell Stemness Shows Enhanced CAR T-cell Efficacy in Preclinical and Early Clinical Development
Authors: Dickinson Michael J. , Barba Pere , Jäger Ulrich , Shah Nirav N. , Blaise Didier , Briones Javier , Shune Leyla , Boissel Nicolas , Bondanza Attilio , Mariconti Luisa , Marchal Anne-Laure , Quinn David S. , Yang Jennifer , Price Andrew , Sohoni Akash , Treanor Louise M. , Orlando Elena J. , Mataraza Jennifer , Davis Jaclyn , Lu Darlene , Zhu Xu , Engels Boris , Moutouh-de Parseval Laure , Brogdon Jennifer L. , Moschetta Michele , Flinn Ian W.
Published: May 2023

CAR T-cell product quality and stemness (Tstem) are major determinants of in vivo expansion, efficacy, and clinical response. Prolonged ex vivo culturing is known to deplete Tstem, affecting clinical outcome. YTB323, a novel autologous CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy expressing the same validated CAR as tisagenlecleucel, is manufactured using a next-generation platform in <2 days. Here, we report the preclinical development and preliminary clinical data of YTB323 in adults with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL; NCT03960840). In preclinical mouse models, YTB323 exhibited enhanced in vivo expansion and antitumor activity at lower doses than traditionally manufactured CAR T cells. Clinically, at doses 25-fold lower than tisagenlecleucel, YTB323 showed (i) promising overall safety [cytokine release syndrome (any grade, 35%; grade ≥3, 6%), neurotoxicity (any grade, 25%; grade ≥3, 6%)]; (ii) overall response rates of 75% and 80% for DL1 and DL2, respectively; (iii) comparable CAR T-cell expansion; and (iv) preservation of T-cell phenotype. Current data support the continued development of YTB323 for r/r DLBCL.

Significance:

Traditional CAR T-cell manufacturing requires extended ex vivo cell culture, reducing naive and stem cell memory T-cell populations and diminishing antitumor activity. YTB323, which expresses the same validated CAR as tisagenlecleucel, can be manufactured in <2 days while retaining T-cell stemness and enhancing clinical activity at a 25-fold lower dose.

See related commentary by Wang, p. 1961.

This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 1949
Table S1-2 from Enhanced Detection of Landmark Minimal Residual Disease in Lung Cancer Using Cell-free DNA Fragmentomics
Authors: Wang Siwei , Xia Zhijun , You Jing , Gu Xiaolan , Meng Fanchen , Chen Peng , Tang Wanxiangfu , Bao Hua , Zhang Jingyuan , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Wang Jie , Zuo Xianglin , Xu Lin , Yin Rong
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Table S1. Patient demography

Supplementary Table S2. Evaluating fragmentomics model performances and ctDNA mutation-based method.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Enhanced Detection of Landmark Minimal Residual Disease in Lung Cancer Using Cell-free DNA Fragmentomics
Authors: Wang Siwei , Xia Zhijun , You Jing , Gu Xiaolan , Meng Fanchen , Chen Peng , Tang Wanxiangfu , Bao Hua , Zhang Jingyuan , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Wang Jie , Zuo Xianglin , Xu Lin , Yin Rong
Published: May 2023

Recursive feature elimination with cross-validation of Coxnet model using fragmentomics profiles
Supplementary Figure S3 from Enhanced Detection of Landmark Minimal Residual Disease in Lung Cancer Using Cell-free DNA Fragmentomics
Authors: Wang Siwei , Xia Zhijun , You Jing , Gu Xiaolan , Meng Fanchen , Chen Peng , Tang Wanxiangfu , Bao Hua , Zhang Jingyuan , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Wang Jie , Zuo Xianglin , Xu Lin , Yin Rong
Published: May 2023

Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) results of fragmentomics models using different algorithms
Supplementary Figure S1 from Enhanced Detection of Landmark Minimal Residual Disease in Lung Cancer Using Cell-free DNA Fragmentomics
Authors: Wang Siwei , Xia Zhijun , You Jing , Gu Xiaolan , Meng Fanchen , Chen Peng , Tang Wanxiangfu , Bao Hua , Zhang Jingyuan , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Wang Jie , Zuo Xianglin , Xu Lin , Yin Rong
Published: May 2023

Evaluating longitudinal fragmentomics model prediction and ctDNA status
FIGURE 5 from Enhanced Detection of Landmark Minimal Residual Disease in Lung Cancer Using Cell-free DNA Fragmentomics
Authors: Wang Siwei , Xia Zhijun , You Jing , Gu Xiaolan , Meng Fanchen , Chen Peng , Tang Wanxiangfu , Bao Hua , Zhang Jingyuan , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Wang Jie , Zuo Xianglin , Xu Lin , Yin Rong
Published: May 2023

The pattern of cfDNA fragmentomics profiling between progressed and not-yet progressed patients in the cohort. A and B, Scatter plot showing positive correlation between fragmentomics model–predicted risk scores and ctDNA mutation profile–determined max variant allele frequency (VAF). C, Fragmentomics profiles of progressed and not-yet progressed patients with NSCLC at 7 days postsurgical. Y axis are the median short to long fragments ratio, X axis are the 541 genome-wide bins.