bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesquisa de Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes em saladas Contendo Maionese Comercializadas em Restaurantes Localizados no Municipio de Ji – Paraná, Rondônia, Brasil
Authors: Barcelos Izabel Bárbara , Barcelos Valiatti Tiago , De Oliveira Solla Sobral Fabiana , Faria Romão Natália , Mattos Vieira Vanessa
Published: December 2016

Atualmente é cada vez maior o número de pessoas que realizam suas refeições fora de casa, o que estimula a expansão do número de restaurantes e consequentemente a preocupação com a qualidade dos alimentos servidos uma vez que alimentos contaminados podem ser responsáveis por graves surtos de Doenças Transmitidas Por Alimentos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a presença de Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes, em salada com maionese. Foram coletadas quatro amostras em cinco restaurantes localizados no município de Ji – Paraná, Rondônia, perfazendo um total de 20 amostras. Do total de amostra analisados 30% apresentaram positividade para Salmonella spp. e 100% negatividade para Listeria monocytogenes. Em relação á contaminação de Salmonella spp. por estabelecimento, observou-se que os locais um e cinco apresentaram maior nível de contaminação quando comparados com os demais. O destaque ficou para o estabelecimento quatro que não apresentou contaminação. Diante do exposto vê-se a necessidade de maior controle de qualidade no preparo desse alimento e fiscalização por parte dos órgãos responsáveis, tendo em vista que a Salmonella spp. é o microrganismo mais associado a surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos.Palavras-Chaves: Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos, Segurança Alimentar, Qualidade Microbiológica
Reabilitação Estética em Dentes Anteriores Permanentes Traumatizados
Authors: Coutinho Emerson Felipe
Published: December 2016

A estética dental é considerada um fator importante de inclusão social para a maioria das pessoas. Esta também influência no comportamento social e autoestima das crianças, pois muitas demonstram insegurança ao sorrirem, brincarem ou socializarem-se. A perda de parte da estrutura dentária compromete significantemente a vida desta criança. Dentre as fraturas dentais 96% acometem os incisivos centrais superiores permanentes, a maioria destes traumatismos acontecem na infância, 13% incluem crianças menores de 12 anos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o caso de uma criança de 7 anos de idade, que sofreu um traumatismo nos elementos 11 e 21, com grande perda dos ângulos mesio-incisais das estruturas dentárias e sem comprometimento pulpar. Baseado  na idade do paciente e na preocupação em preservar os elementos dentários, o tratamento de escolha para o caso foram restaurações adesivas diretas, estas foram confeccionadas com resina nanohíbrida, IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar, Vivadent Ltda.). Este material é considerado de excelente padrão estético, possui translucência, fluorescência, textura e brilho superfície semelhantes aos da estrutura perdida. A reconstrução dentária através de restauração adesiva direta de Incisivos Centrais Superiores apesar de ser considerada um grande desafio para o profissional, é capaz de mimetizar os dentes naturais do paciente, restabelecendo a estética dental e do sorriso de forma natural, devolvendo as corretas funções dos dentes, tanto na mastigação como na fonação do paciente.
Book Review: Resilient Universities: Confronting Changes in a Challenging World
Authors: Brockerhoff-Macdonald Bettina
Published: December 2016

This collection of essays, in Resilient Universities: Confronting Changes in a Challenging World, provides a concise and in-depth overview of the current pressures facing institutions of higher education in light of a perceived paradigm shift in North America as well as Europe.
LA LIBERTAD CIENTÍFICA, AUTORIDAD Y EL AVANCE DE LA CIENCIA EN LA FILOSOFÍA DE LA CIENCIA DE MICHAEL POLANYI
Authors: Ortiz Acuña Leonardo
Published: December 2016

El presente artículo trata el problema de la autoridad y la libertad en la investigación científica. Para esto, se parte de la filosofía de la ciencia de Michael Polanyi, con el objetivo de defender la tesis de que la libertad en la investigación científica y con ella la auto-organización de los científicos son características esenciales de la ciencia. En ese sentido, la libertad no es solo un valor de las sociedades democráticas que es trasladado al quehacer científico, esto como reflejo del respeto que tienen las sociedades occidentales contemporáneas por la libertad de expresión en este tipo de organización política, sino que además, la libertad es una condición necesaria para el avance de la ciencia, y por lo tanto, sin esta la ciencia y la investigación científica se estancan. Por esta razón, las universidades, como espacio donde la libertad académica puede darse, deben velar por producir las condiciones para que esta libertad efectivamente se dé, no solo para cumplir con los requisitos que una sociedad democrática le exige, sino además con el propósito de mantener las condiciones para la producción de nuevos conocimientos y aplicaciones de estos.
Uso Estratégico dos Sistemas de Informação no Apoio aos Processos de Negócio: Estudo de Caso na Indústria de Alimentos
Authors: Pinochet Luis Hernan Contreras
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar o uso dos sistemas de informação no apoio aos processos de negócios na indústria de alimentos como um fator estratégico. A pesquisa contemplou o estudo de caso em uma grande empresa internacional de referência na área de alimentos, no qual os métodos utilizados foram observação-participante e pesquisa ex-post-facto. As fontes de evidência foram primárias e secundárias, e coletadas no segundo semestre de 2014. Como resultado, observou-se que a maturidade dos negócios precisa estar minimamente nivelada para a integração dos processos, e que a empresa adota um modelo fortemente focado em na gestão de outsourcing.
The Portuguese Settlement on the Coromandel Coast, a Case Study of San Thome and Nagapattinam in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Shngreiyo A S
Published: December 2016

The origin of the Saint Thomas, who is believed to be buried at Mylapur gradually led to the emergence of San Thome as an important trading post for the Portuguese in the Coromandel Coast. The Portuguese discovered the remnants of the Saint when they excavated the place and it become a major influence in their settlement of the town called San Thome. San Thome slowly developed as an urban center in the sixteenth century. The chapter also attempts to show the crucial role that the Portuguese played in the process of urbanization and in the social and political spheres as well. Down the coast lies another Portuguese port called Nagapattinam probable it was the first Portuguese to settle at Coromandel Coast in the 1520s. The first Portuguese settlers were mostly private traders interested in the rice trade to Sri Lanka. Later it become one of the flourishing ports as many individual Portuguese settle down and do commerce.  It is said that more than seven hundred sailing vessels were frequently docked at the same time on the river. Every year these vessels carried more than twenty thousand measures of rice from here to the western Coast of India. The trade here attracted merchants from all parts of India as well as from Pegu, Malacca and Sumatra. However, both the port did not enjoy for long as it sweep away by the coming of other European countries in the following centuries.
Thermal Stability and Adsorption of Mercury Compounds in Fly Ash
Authors: Zhong Jun , Li Fangyong , Fan Junhui
Published: December 2016

Fly ashes were collected from five power plants under two loads in China. The ashes were heated at four different temperatures, and mercury speciation was determined based on the release regular pattern of mercury with temperature. The mercury concentration, unburned carbon content and mean ash particle sizes were measured. The correlation of mercury capture and unburned carbon content, mean ash particle sizes were analyzed. Results indicate that the amount of unburned carbon and mercury adsorb is significantly positively correlated in fly ash; the smaller the mean ash particle size, the more mercury particles are captured. There was little HgO and HgSO4, and the main form of mercury compounds in fly ash were HgCl2and HgS. The high element Cl content can result in high HgCl2ratio in particular mercury and element S play an important role in adsorbing mercury.
Peculiarities of Biomechanical Properties of Ocular Tissue in Keratoconus
Authors: Shargorodska Iryna
Published: December 2016

Considerable achievements having been recently made in modern diagnostics and treatment of keratoconus have not diminished the urgency of the given problem as the traditional views of the pathogenesis of keratoconus do not always allow to struggle effectively with this difficult and continuously progressing disease.The objective of the research was to study the peculiarities of biomechanical properties of the cornea in keratoconus.Materials and methods. The article presents the analysis of studying biomechanical properties of the cornea in keratoconus. 44 patients (88 eyes) with keratoconus and emmetropic refraction were examined. To calculate biomechanical indicators of the cornea there was carried out the comparative analysis between the measurements obtained with the use of several methods in the same patients, namely the Oculus Pentacam-Scheimpflug imaging device by a standard technique and the indicators calculated using the method proposed by us and the device for in vivo estimation of corneal rigidity.Results. Considerable advantages of using the developed method and the device for estimation of corneal rigidity in vivo in comparison with keratotopography on the Oculus Pentacam-Scheimpflug camera were registered which allowed us not only to reveal the presence of biomechanical disorders of the cornea, but also to differentiate their character. To describe the degree of changes in biomechanical properties of the cornea in vivo the coefficient of corneal rigidity was developed.Conclusions. Loading tests allow receiving more exact information on biomechanical properties of the cornea in comparison with standard researches on the Oculus Pentacam-Scheimpflug camera.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS BERMAIN PERAN SISWA KELAS VIII SMP 1 TEPUS DENGAN TEKNIK LEARNING GAME
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno , Haryadi Haryadi
Published: December 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan kualitas proses dan hasil pembelajaran bermain peran siswa kelas VIII SMP dengan menggunakan teknik Learning Game. Game yang digunakan adalah permainan Joko Tingkir dan permainan Tebak Peran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Guru bertindak sebagai peneliti yang bekerja sama dengan kolaborator, yakni guru Bahasa Indonesia dan Kepala Sekolah SMP 1 Tepus. Subjek penelitian yang dikenai tindakan adalah siswa kelas VIIIA SMP 1 Tepus Gunungkidul, DIY, tahun ajaran 2011/2012 yang berjumlah 34 siswa. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua siklus. Setiap siklus dibagi menjadi tiga kali pertemuan. Prosedur pelaksanaan setiap siklus terdiri atas empat tahap, yakni perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket, wawan-cara, pengamatan, dan pencermatan dokumen. Analisis dilakukan dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif yang didukung oleh data kuantitatif.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan teknik Learning Game dalam pembelajaran bermain peran, kualitas proses dan hasil pembelajaran meningkat. Peningkatan kualitas proses pembelajaran meliputi aspek interaksi dan komunikasi dalam pembelajaran, kerja sama dalam kelompok, dan keseriusan dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Adapun peningkatan kualitas hasil pembelajaran meliputi kemampuan vokal, intonasi, ekspresi, dan gestur. Keempat kemampuan tersebut masing-masing mengalami peningkatan nilai rata-rata lebih dari 25%. Hal ini sesuai dengan kriteria keberhasilan tindakan yang ditetapkan. Kata Kunci: bermain peran, teknik Learning Game
VARIASI KELUASAN MAKNA TEKSTUAL (KMT) DALAM TEKS DWIBAHASA FIVE ON THE TREASURE DAN LIMA SEKAWAN DI PULAU HARTA
Authors: Rosmawati Devi , Tou Asruddin Barori
Published: December 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan variasi keluasan makna tekstusal (KMT) yang direpresentasikan dalam teks Five on The Treasure Island dan Lima Sekawan di Pulau Harta, mendeskripsikan makna variasi KMT tersebut dalam konteks penerjemahan, serta membahas dan menginterpretasikan faktor-faktor kontekstual yang memotivasi terjadinya variasi KMT. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-kualitatif yang menerapkan kerangka teoritik Translation Tou dan model komunikasi sematik translational untuk analisis translasi dan model conceptual Halliday untuk analisis makna tekstual. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah dua novel dengan fokus pada satuan-satuan klausa. yang mewujudkan satuan-satuan makna tekstual. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah peneliti sendiri dengan menerapkan konsep Komunikasi Semiotik Translasional (KST) dan konsep Halliday tentang makna tekstual. Pengujian keabsahan data dilakukan melalui triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi KMT antara T1 dan T2 cenderung sangat rendah atau T1=T2, hal ini dapat dilihat dari tingkat frekuensi kemunculan terdapat pada variasi nol atau sangat rendah sebesar 552 atau 63,52% (T1=T2). Berdasarkan hasil rerata tingkat keluasannya, T1 lebih luas dari T2. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari kemunculan rerata T1 sejumlah 193 atau sebesar 22,21%. Jenis-jenis tema yang memotivasi terjadinya variasi keluasan makna tekstual yaitu: tema interpersonal, tema tekstual, dan tema topikal. Faktor-faktor kontekstual yang memotivasi terjadinya variasi KMT, yaitu konteks situasi dan konteks budaya. Konteks situasi terdiri dari field, tenor dan mode. Konteks budaya ditunjukkan oleh istilah yang mengacu pada budaya T1 digunakan pada T2. Pada judul yang tampak pada T1 dan T2, mengindikasikan bahwa T2 berintertekstual dengan T1. Kata Kunci: penerjemahan, tema-rema, keluasan makna tekstual.
Belonging, Connectedness, and Self-Worth: Building Socially Sustainable Communities through a School based Student Support Program
Authors: Zannettino Dr Lana
Published: December 2016

This article draws from an evaluation of a school-based student support program operating in the Elizabeth-Munno Para region of South Australia (“Author”, 2005). Based on a community development model, The Turn Around Program (TAP) extends beyond the parameters of the classroom to provide educational, social and health services to students and families affected by economic and social disadvantage. Data collected from children, parents, teachers and school principals, indicated that the Program enhanced the capacity of families and communities affected by disadvantage and poverty to more effectively support and nurture their children. The marked improvements in parenting capacity and in child-parent interaction and communication provided children with a more open and supportive home environment, which in turn, improved children’s experience of schooling and their capacity for learning. Through an examination of key aspects of the Program, the paper demonstrates how TAP has successfully melded long held ecological perspectives on schooling and child development with a number of strategies that promote the development of socially sustainable communities.
Personal Responsibility: The creation, implementation and evaluation
Authors: Mergler Amanda Gay , Spencer Fiona H , Patton Wendy
Published: December 2016

The purpose of the present study was to create, implement and evaluate a Personal Responsibility education program for high-school students. Using a constructivist framework, a five-lesson program was developed around key themes identified by adolescents in focus groups. This program was implemented in one term at a public high school in urban Queensland, with students examining and discussing notions of choices, consequences, emotional awareness, personal responsibilities and social responsibilities. Feedback from students and teachers showed the program to be interesting, relevant and informative for students, and to have strengthened relationships between students within a class and between students and teachers. As such, the program offers high schools the opportunity to enhance adolescentsâ€™ personal, emotional and social development.
Siblings as an Untapped Literacy Resource for Boys?
Authors: Sokal Laura
Published: December 2016

Forty-four inner-city, second grade, Canadian children participated in individual interviews about home reading practices. Qualitative findings showed that many children were not read to by adults in their homes and that many children did not read to others in their homes. Unexpected findings demonstrated that these environments were more common for boys than for girls. Furthermore, boys showed twice the prevalence of literacy interactions with siblings as did girls. The findings are examined with a systems ecological view and suggest sibling relationships as potential resiliency mechanisms for addressing boysâ€™ underachievement in reading and school.
Well teachers, well students
Authors: McCallum Faye , Price Deborah
Published: December 2016

Promoting self-awareness of wellbeing in beginning teachers will contribute to their longevity and productivity. As the profession ages we are faced with the fact that many teachers are retiring, creating some shortages; increased numbers are leaving the profession prematurely; fewer applicants are entering teacher training; and some argue that the current workforce of teachers cannot relate to current studentsâ€™ life worlds. For beginning teachers, this raises issues related to their wellbeing and ability to transition and cope, and also justifiably provides challenges and opportunities for school reform, leadership and curriculum renewal. Additionally, teachers must be able to â€˜connectâ€™ with children and young people if they are to make a difference in their learning, health and wellbeing. In this paper we argue that the retention of teachers is dependent on having a wellbeing strategy in place that clearly identifies inhibiting and enabling strategies. Beginning teachers need to be able to identify such strategies to remain well â€“ for themselves and the future of our children and young people.
Sport literacy: itâ€™s not just about learning to play sport via â€˜textbook techniquesâ€™
Authors: Pill Shane
Published: December 2016

Physical education (and sport teaching in particular) is often viewed as a marginal subject of less importance than other more â€˜academicâ€™ school subjects. While most physical education programs continue to emphasise mastery in sport skill, many students are unable to develop the expected competencies in the time provided by the unit of work. Those students with pre-developed ability prosper at the expense of less experienced, less skilled students (Oâ€™Connor 2006) in a teaching environment grounded on textbook techniques. As sport constitutes the substantive content for most middle and secondary years physical education programs this paper will present sport literacy as a conceptual framework for learning through, about and for sport in physical education (Pill 2009). This framing is designed to improve the core learning experiences of all students in physical education through more educationally valid and socially equitable sport teaching in physical education. It contains the ambitious agenda of creating discussion about the place and purpose of sport as a substantive site of and for learning in physical education by challenging the normative paradigm of textbook technique teaching.
The Effect of You Can Do It! Education in Six Schools on Student Perceptions of Well-Being, Teaching-Learning and Relationships
Authors: Bernard Professor Michael Edwin , Walton Kate
Published: December 2016

This research investigated the impact of a social and emotional learning program, You Can Do It! Education (YCDI), on different aspects of student social and emotional wellbeing. YCDI was implemented on a whole-school basis in six primary schools with six matched schools serving as controls. At the end of the school year, students in grade 5 in both types of schools completed the Attitudes to School Survey (Victorian Department of Education) and, again, at the end of the following school year when they were in grade 6. Results indicated significant improvements over time on different aspects of student well-being in the YCDI schools and not in the non-YCDI schools. The positive impact of a train-the-trainer model used in this study in a variety of schools under naturally occurring conditions holds promise for low-cost, preventive mental health programs.
Student wellbeing for those with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: Same, same but different?
Authors: Lyons Gordon Stuart , Cassebohm Michele
Published: December 2016

The nature of student wellbeing, although now subject to some consensus, continues to engender debate. To improve student wellbeing, widely regarded to be an overarching non-academic outcome of schooling, it is generally argued that it must be consensually conceptualised in order to be operationally defined and made measurable. The new Australian Curriculum puts forward common educational curriculum and outcomes for all students â€“ including those outcomes implicitly and explicitly related to student wellbeing, but for students with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities this is, argues the author, philosophically and practically problematic. The author puts forward a research-based conceptualisation of subjective wellbeing for these students and recommends this as a basis for guiding a continuing research agenda to improve their wellbeing.
PROFESSIONAL SPORT AND MARKET RESTRICTIONS: IS THE PLAYER POINTS SYSTEM IN THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL BASKETBALL LEAGUE AN UNFAIR RESTRAINT OF TRADE?
Authors: Holmes Jacob
Published: December 2016

This article analyses the Australian National Basketball League’s ‘Player Points System’ to ascertain the real impact of the system on the sport, clubs and athletes. It argues that the system works against the best interests of the sport and is an unreasonable restraint on the trade of the athletes. Ultimately, this article calls for the Player Points System to be abandoned and replaced by a more effective system such as the Restricted Free Agency labour market restraint model that is used in the Australian Football League and American National Basketball Association. It concludes that this system could more adequately promote the best interests of the National Basketball League and the players without constituting an unreasonable restraint of trade.
EXPLORING THE IMPLICATIONS OF GENDER IDENTIFICATION FOR TRANSGENDER PEOPLE UNDER AUSTRALIAN LAW
Authors: Bagshaw Ashleigh
Published: December 2016

Developments in Australian law over the last 40 years have allowed transgender persons a greater level of autonomy when it comes to establishing their legal gender. The shift in some jurisdictions from employing a strict biologically-based test for determining gender identity to adopting a multifactorial approach based on a broad range of relevant factors has enabled a greater number of individuals to gain legal recognition of their preferred gender. This article traces the development of a gender identification test at common law. It explores Australian federal and state legislative schemes and draws attention to the inconsistencies between jurisdictions. It also highlights the impact that these statutory variations may have upon transgender individuals. Parts I, II and III discuss the current approach to regulating gender identity at common law and via legislation. Part IV discusses the impact of these laws on transgender people and highlights the need for all Australian jurisdictions to adopt a uniform approach to gender identification.
LEGAL RESPONSES TO CYBERBULLYING BY CHILDREN: OLD LAW OR NEW?
Authors: Davis Julia
Published: December 2016

This article comments on Peta Spyrou’s article in this volume entitled ‘Civil Liability for Negligence: An Analysis of Cyberbullying Policies in South Australian Schools’. It considers whether the two established legal regimes of tort law and the criminal law can offer a satisfactory response to the problem of cyberbullying by school children and then moves on to outline some innovative legislation introduced recently by the governments of Australia and New Zealand. It suggests that the law of torts is not currently equipped to deal directly with many of the problems caused by cyberbullying and argues that using the weight of the criminal law is not always an appropriate response to wrongs committed by school children. It concludes that the recent legislative initiatives offer a more efficient, effective and restorative response.
SADOMASOCHISTS UNSHACKLED?
Authors: Leader-Elliott Ian
Published: December 2016

This article provides a response to the article in this volume entitled ‘Is Society Still Shackled with the Chains of a 1993 England?: Consent, Sado-masochism and R v Brown’ by Jordan Moulds. It takes issue with the primary article’s claims that consensual infliction of pain and physical harm is now acceptable and may even possess some social value as recreation. It offers three reflections on the topic of criminal liability for consensual harms. The first has to do with the absence of principle in the South Australian legislative developments. The second casts doubt on the cogency of the primary article’s enquiries into the social utility or benefit of sadomasochism. The third draws attention to another peculiarity of South Australian criminal law, which arises because of the fact that the CLCA offences against the person do not include an offence of causing harm by negligence.
PROFESSIONAL SPORT, MARKET RESTRICTIONS AND THE NBL’S PLAYER POINTS SYSTEM: A RESPONSE
Authors: Griggs Lynden
Published: December 2016

This article is a comment on the article by Jacob Holmes in this volume entitled ‘Professional Sport and Market Restrictions: Is the Player Points System in the Australian National Basketball League an Unfair Restraint of Trade?’. It explores some of the difficulties in applying the traditional tests from Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Co Ltd  and Adamson v New South Wales Rugby League Ltd to sporting organisations and concludes that ultimately, the discussion of restraint of trade and its applicability to sporting organisations highlights the limits of legal experience, and suggests that only empirical data learnt through the hard lesson of experience will yield the knowledge we need.
CHILD PROTECTION RESPONSES: NO EASY CHOICES
Authors: Lehmann Jennifer
Published: December 2016

This is a comment on the article by Stephen Gay in this volume entitled ‘The Choice Between Adoption and Foster Care as Child Protection Responses’. It strongly supports the conclusion drawn in the primary article that a ‘blanket approach to adoption’ is unlikely to result in the best outcomes for all children in need of care. This response is based on the author’s reflections and observations of the delivery of ‘out of home care’ services over many years as a social worker with an interest in child development. It reflects on the simplistic attitudes expressed in the media and by the public in general when children have been removed and are negatively affected by their experiences in care, as well as when they are not removed and have sustained injury or death at the hands of those who are charged with their care. The article argues that the likelihood of achieving optimal outcomes in child protection  is often compromised and concludes that it is time that Australia stepped up to the challenge of establishing creative and innovative options for children in need of care.
A taste of field notes from Social Bite
Authors: Joiner Rachel Grace
Published: December 2016

No abstract
An Afternoon with the Augustine United Church
Authors: Giles Darcy Jean
Published: December 2016

No abstract
I'll Be Up in the Studio Just Working on Accepting My Body and Doing Fergie Proud
Authors: Mukherji Diva
Published: December 2016

No abstract.
Conflitos no espaço urbano: um Cais Mauá de Todos?
Authors: Oliveira Clarice Misoczky de , Flores Rafael Kruter
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo, buscamos compreender os conflitos no espaço urbano relacionados ao projeto de revitalização do Cais Mauá, em Porto Alegre. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de consultas a documentos oficiais, reportagens de jornais, blogs e mídias sociais, bem como de observação não participante e participante de eventos públicos e reuniões e de entrevistas. Argumentamos que os fatos recentes envolvendo a revitalização do Cais Mauá evidenciam que a produção social do espaço urbano resulta de processos contraditórios e conflituosos mais ou menos perceptíveis e que os eventos produzidos no tecido social, como manifestações de rechaço, mesmo que não impossibilitem o fluxo dos grandes acontecimentos, como os Grandes Projetos Urbanos, geram um efeito de desalienação e liberação de conflitos outrora latentes.
Sistema de Indicadores de Qualidade Ambiental Urbana para Metrópoles Costeiras (SIMeC): uma proposta de instrumento de análise territorial
Authors: Adão Nilton Manoel Lacerda , Polette Marcus
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo apresenta um Sistema de Indicadores de Qualidade Ambiental Urbana para Metrópoles Costeiras (SIMeC) como proposta de instrumento de análise territorial no processo de gestão costeira integrada. Para tanto, na pesquisa, foram elencados e analisados 1.133 indicadores, provenientes de 22 sistemas nacionais e internacionais. Desse grupo, foram selecionados indicadores avaliados por especialistas residentes nos Estados costeiros brasileiros. Ao final, o estudo obteve 69 identificadores conexos às dimensões da prosperidade urbana: infraestrutura, inclusão e equidade social, qualidade de vida, produtividade e sustentabilidade ambiental, que foram aliados à estrutura DPSIR, isto é, Drivers–Pressures–State–Impacts–Responses. Como resultado, o sistema de indicadores mostrou-se consistente, sendo uma contribuição passível de replicação nas metrópoles costeiras brasileiras. Assim, o uso desses indicadores pode ser um instrumento de tomada de decisão na gestão integrada da zona costeira, constituindo um relatório de qualidade ambiental que possibilitará, além da análise territorial local específica, a comparabilidade com outras regiões costeiras.
Is there an optimal board size?
Authors: Wang Yi , Young Antony , Chaplin Sally
Published: December 2016

This research quantitatively examines the determinants of board size and the consequence it has on the performance of large companies in Australia. In line with international and the prevalent United States research the results suggest that there is no significant relationship between board size and their subsequent performance. In examining whether more complex operations require larger boards it was found that larger firms or firms with more lines of business tended to have more directors. Data analysis from the research supports the proposition that blockholders could affect management practices and that they enhances performance as measured by shareholder return.
Roles of board of directors: Evidence from Malaysian listed companies
Authors: Kamardin Hasnah , Haron Hasnah
Published: December 2016

This study examines the extent of roles played by the board of directors (BOD) in Malaysian listed companies and the significant differences on the roles based on the company characteristics and board characteristics: firm size, leverage, growth, firm performance (ROA), family controlled companies, and CEO duality. Data are gathered from two sources whereby questionnaires are used to ascertain the extent of BOD participation in the board roles in the financial year 2006 and companies’ annual reports are used to gather financial and board data. Using a sample of 112 companies, descriptive analysis shows that BOD mostly performs greater monitoring roles, other than performance evaluation. Strategy roles focus more on reviewing company’s strategic plan and defining company’s vision. Outside directors are required to focus on protecting shareholders’ interests, provide a balanced view, and have strategic thinking capabilities. The results of t-test analysis indicate that to some extent the roles played by the BOD are significantly different in terms of firm size, firm performance and family companies. The results have some implications to the corporate governance practices.
The long-term benefits of director stock ownership
Authors: Bolton Brian
Published: December 2016

In October 2009, the United States Treasury Department and Congress considered new regulations requiring executives and directors to receive much of their compensation in the form of long-term stock. One concern with this is that it may have negative consequences by entrenching managers and directors over the long term. This study compares the potential benefits of long-term director ownership with the potential costs of entrenchment. Using the dollar amount of stock owned by independent directors, the results suggest that the incentive effect dominates any costs related to entrenchment: firms with greater stock ownership outperform other firms, regardless of the degree of managerial entrenchment that may be present. The implication for policy-makers is that providing directors with incentives through stock ownership can be a very effective corporate governance mechanism.
Behavior of family firms in financial crisis: cash extraction or financial support?
Authors: Macciocchi Daniele , Tiscini Riccardo
Published: December 2016

In this study we show that family owners of public corporations have greater incentive to preserve the continuity of the firms during financial crisis relative to short-term oriented parties in widely held public corporations. In this regard, we show that during financial crisis family firms report higher performance, experience more financial support from their shareholders, report lower investment cuts, greater level of cash and have lower leverage ratios, relative to non-family firms. These findings are in line with predictions of socioemotional wealth, because show that family owners have greater incentive to retain control over the firm and to preserve the continuity of their firms during financial crisis relative to short-term oriented parties.
The influence of financial logic on the evolution of six sigma.
Authors: Donadone Julio Cesar , Fantti Marina
Published: December 2016

The ascension of financialization brought implications on the organizations, because they need to deal with the demands of the financial markets and its shareholders. Parallel to this movement, quality management has been gaining ground in organizations, from different approaches and the latest called Six Sigma. The objective of this article is to investigate the influence of the financial logic in the Six Sigma, using a detailed investigation of how Six Sigma has been addressed in the events promoted by the International Quality & Productivity Center (IQPC), by the analysis of events in Brazil and the United States in the period 2003-2010. The main results of this study proved and demonstrated the different ways of the influence of financial logic in the evolution of Six Sigma in organizations.
Are bureaucrats really paid like bureaucrats?
Authors: Boyle Glenn , Rademaker Scott
Published: December 2016

In an influential paper, Hall and Liebman (QJE, 1998) ask if senior corporate executives are really paid like bureaucrats, and conclude that they are not. In this paper, we ask if senior public service bureaucrats are really paid like bureaucrats, and conclude that they too are not. However, there is an important difference: whereas the Hall and Liebman executives face high-powered performance incentives, the bureaucrats in our sample are rewarded for expanding the size of the organisations they manage. While we cannot definitively rule out the possibility that this indicates efficient compensation of bureaucrats who provide more and better services, or face greater job complexity, the balance of our evidence is more consistent with the idea that the senior public servants in our sample are, on average, rewarded for ‘empire-building’, consistent with the public choice view of bureaucracy.
Do stock prices reflect regulatory reforms in the corporate governance mechanisms?
Authors: Chalevas Constantinos , Tzovas Christos
Published: December 2016

This study provides evidence on the value relevance of corporate governance mechanisms in a developing stock exchange. It empirically investigates the effect of corporate governance mechanisms prescribed by the corporate governance law (L.3016/2002) on abnormal stock returns for firms listed in the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE). The first corporate governance law in Greece aims to improve the existing corporate governance framework. However, stock prices seem no to be affected by the regulatory reforms in the corporate governance mechanisms. Three reasons are given: (1) the fundamental economic value of a firm is not affected by the introduction of corporate governance mechanisms; (2) the fundamental economic value of a firm is affected by the introduction of corporate governance mechanisms but due to the fact that the Greek stock market is not efficient share prices do not reflect firm’s fundamental economic value; and (3) investors may not be convinced that corporate governance mechanisms significantly affect the performance of a company.The findings of this study can facilitate legislators in improving the existing legislation concerning corporate governance and in developing a new one.
The relationship between employee engagement, job motivation, and job satisfaction towards the employee performance
Authors: Tampubolon Hotner
Published: December 2016

The performance of government officers determine the quality of public service which is delivered to the society as the customer. The study is aimed at finding out the relationship between employee engagement, job motivation, and job satisfaction toward the employee performances at Export and Import Department of Indonesia Ministry of Trade (Jakarta). Total respondent are 90 persons who work at the department by using probability sampling approach through simple random sampling for data collection
Study of dividend policies in periods pre and post-merger
Authors: Letaifa Wissal Ben
Published: December 2016

This study examines the policies of pre- and post- merger dividends. The emphasis here is on the timing of payment of dividends and its signal role when the merger is considered successful. Our analysis is purely descriptive and involves the merger of CVS and Caremark listed on the NY Stock Exchange and conducted in 2006. The findings indicate the relevance of dividend payment timing as the merger of success signal since acquiring company tries to improve its payment timing and the amount to be paid. This proves the existence of complementarities between the signaling hypothesis by the amount of dividend to be paid and payment timing and confirms the existence of a dynamic adjustment process to a target level.
Pay-performance relationship in German state-owned enterprises: Evidence and reflection for organizational success research with undistorted and “right” data
Authors: Papenfuβ Ulf , Schmidt Christian
Published: December 2016

Empirical studies show that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are very important for society. The compensation of executive directors is crucial in the debate on effective, efficient and sustainable public service provision. Nevertheless, there are very few empirical studies in the international literature for SOEs – in contrast to the private sector. This paper examines the pay-performance relationship of executive directors from 176 SOEs in eleven sectors by assessing 498 annual statements. As a methodological contribution, the paper illustrates the necessity of the adjustment of balance sheet data to obtain meaningful, undistorted performance ratios. The findings show no significant link between financial performance ratios and the executive director compensation. There are no differences between the association with the compensation for ROE and ROA, although ROA would be a more meaningful indicator. A bonus-malus system is often required but not structurally practiced by a majority of SOEs. New insights show the need for additional research activities as well as the necessity for policy makers for clear rules for the compensation of executive directors in SOEs.
IFRS adoption, information asymmetry and the home bias
Authors: Baccouri Mouna , Fedhila Hassouna
Published: December 2016

This paper investigates whether IFRS adoption reduces the home bias equity using the information asymmetry as a mediator variable to this relationship. Focusing in countries included in the Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey “CPIS” our sample is composed by 512 observations (country-year) that cover the period 2003 to 2012. Our finding indicates that the full IFRS adoption reduces the information asymmetry and then the home bias. These results validate our expectations. Nevertheless, the partial IFRS adoption doesn’t clearly support our expectations. We found that the partial IFRS adoption increases significantly the information asymmetry but reduces the home bias. This paper examined the effect of others factors that prior researches indicate that they affect the home bias as the governance indicators, the economic indicators, equity market characteristics and the capital controls.
CEO compensation, corporate governance, and performance of listed platinum mines in South Africa
Authors: Ngwenya Sam
Published: December 2016

Executive compensation has been studied extensively in the past three decades, yet the relationship between company performance and executive compensation continues to be a debated topic judging from the number of articles in academic literature. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between CEO compensation, corporate governance and financial performance of listed platinum mines in South Africa. The results of the study indicated no statistics significant relationship between CEO compensation and the financial performance variables ROE and ROA. The results also indicated a positive relationship between some corporate governance variables such as board size and proportion number of independent non-executive directors, but found no statistic significant relationship between CEO compensation and proportion number of female board members.
Back-dated stock options and restatements of suspect earnings: Is there a correlation?
Authors: Ueng Joe , Koehn Daryl
Published: December 2016

A large number of US companies seem, almost miraculously, to have granted options on dates that coincided with low stock prices. Scholars have documented a pattern of sharp stock appreciation after executives had received stock grants. The pattern suggests that back-dating has occurred. This paper examines whether firms that have restated suspect earnings (we exclude restatements due to backdating) are more likely than non-restaters either to have admitted to back-dating options or to be at risk of being back-daters. We find that both Fortune 500 and non-Fortune 500 restating firms are more likely to be actual back-daters than non-restating firms. Fortune 500 restaters are also more likely to be potential back-daters.
Reflective or formative measurement model of sustainability factor? A three industry comparison
Authors: Khan Eijaz Ahmed , Dewan Mohammed Naim A. , Chowdhury Md. Maruf Hossan
Published: December 2016

The sustainability concept is commonly used in many domains. However, the assessment of reflective and formative measurement has been ignored largely. As a result, sustainability factor scales are specified wrongly and this might lead to reduced scale validity. The aim of the study is find out the nature of sustainability factors either reflective or formative by investigating three distinct industrial settings in Bangladesh. A quantitative research design is used and the data is analysed through Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. PLS analysis validates the indicators and factors. Sustainability factors in context of microbusiness and supply chain found reflective in nature whereas in e-business it was formative. The study suggests that sustainability factor is a context specific phenomena and it can be treated either reflective or formative.
The influence of size, location and functions of freight rail terminals on urban form and land use
Authors: Pienaar Wessel
Published: December 2016

This article outlines how the size, location and scope of activities of freight rail terminals influence urban form and land use. The nature of freight rail stations is outlined, and the classes of trains that make use of these facilities are described. According to size, railway freight stations can be divided into four groups: (1) railway halts; (2) small-sized goods stations; (3) medium-sized goods stations; and (4) large-sized goods stations. The factors that determine the location of stations are discussed. Rail freight stations can be divided functionally into four broad classes: (1) break-bulk rail terminals; (2) bulk rail terminals; (3) roll-on/roll-off rail terminals; and (4) intermodal terminals. The functions of the four rail terminal classes are described. The paper discusses how rail freight terminals can influence urban form and land use. Finally the conclusions of the study are presented.
Evidence of internal auditing in Italian listed companies
Authors: Rija Maurizio , Tenuta Paolo
Published: December 2016

This paper aims to provide an overview of how internal auditing has been adopted by companies listed in the STAR segment of the Italian Stock Exchange, and of the choice on its organizational position. After a review of the existing literature, the research aims to analyze the information emerging from corporate governance reports in 2015, in reference to the year 2014, which the companies prepare as part of information provided annually to the market. The sample for analysis is the group of companies (n. 71) belonging to the FTSE ITALY STAR Italian Stock Exchange.The research has shown, as the first element in the survey, that nearly all of the companies have created a dedicated function or outsourced the internal audit activity. The second major finding from the analysis is that in most companies the function depends hierarchically on the board. The third point analysed concerns the figure of responsible for Internal Auditing, as established by the Code of Conduct, it replaces the person responsible for internal control and risk management. The analysis showed that almost all the companies have attributed the tasks and responsibilities of the person responsible for internal control to the Head of the Internal Audit Department, due to the coincidence of the operating environments of the two figures and the strong synergies between the two roles. The last point analyzed covers the case where the internal auditing department is decentralized or, on the contrary, remains within the company. The results showed a substantial range of companies chose not to outsource the function