bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoridad y espiritualidad en Simeón el Nuevo Teólogo: una nueva perspectiva de autoridad
Authors: Bernal Garzón Angy Viviana
Published: October 2024

Thanks to the historical processes of Christianity, the scandals, the lack of coherence, and the new leadership paradigms of authority has become blurred. Because of this, questions about the authority concept in the Church have emerged. For this reason, it is necessary to consider: How to rethink the Church’s authority and its exercise according to current problems? Owing, Simeon the New Theologian is used to rethinking the Church’s authority from his theology of the experience of God. Therefore, expose the main topics of his life and Theology. Then, present the relationship between authority and his theology. After that, propose some reflection on authority for the church today. Finally, the conclusion.
La dignidad del hombre “artista”: Una respuesta al antropocentrismo desmesurado de la tecnociencia y la destrucción del planeta
Authors: Mayor Tamayo Jhon Fredy
Published: October 2024

The text addresses the contemporary humanity and ecological crisis, proposing a reflection from the theology of Saint Bonaventure and the Encyclical Laudato Si of Pope Francis. It focuses on the “dignity of the artistic man” as an image of God, and how this dignity can counteract the exacerbated anthropocentrism that has emerged with technoscience. According to Saint Bonaventure, the human being, as a bridge between God and creation, has the ability to contemplate the beauty and harmony of the world and, at the same time, to transform it without destroying it. Francis reinforces this idea by calling for an “ecological conversion” that recognizes the interconnectedness of all creation and the need for responsible and loving stewardship of the planet. The reflection highlights the importance of an adequate Christian anthropology that guides human beings towards the preservation and respect of nature.
Existencia y representación política en el maestro
Authors: Cárdenas Támara Felipe
Published: October 2024

The document seeks to introduce the problematization of political representation, placing elements of existential order in the lives of teachers. In the section, titled: Searching for the memory of the political representation of teachers, the idea of ​​memory is developed with some references to the teaching of the Catholic Church in statements about the work of teachers and education. The following section entitled Educational everyday life and soteriological meanings aims to give continuity to the problem of memory and the political and existential representation of the teacher from a patristic anchor evocatively inspired by the work of the doctor of the church, Saint Maximus the Confessor. The last part and the conclusions situate the problem and the purpose of the necessary inclusion of narrative forms that truly allow man to emancipate himself from the yoke of Leviathan. The work ventures into the realms of exploration through symbols that have been eroded by modernity. It outlines an archeology of knowledge about elements of educational knowledge from a Christian conception that today is foreign to many modern spirits given the metaphysical crisis and catastrophe that marks our post-modern and neoliberal educational experience, very foreign even to the libertarian mentality of our school teachers. like Fernando González, and whose epigraph captured in the year 1941 in his book The School Teacher has served us to introduce this document.
SYNTHESIS OF 1-ALKYLSULPHONYL-4-X-2,3,5,6-TETRAFLUOROBENZENES FROM SULPHANYL DERIVATIVES
Authors: B.V. KOSHCHEEV , A.M. MAKSIMOV
Published: October 2024

The interaction of alkyl(4-X-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)sulphanes (X = H, CF3) containing difluoromethyl and benzyl groups as alkyl components with hydrogen peroxide in acetic or trifluoroacetic acid gave the corresponding sulphonyl derivatives. The effect of the acid used on the reaction result was established in the case of (difluoromethyl)[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl]sulphane. The synthesis of 1-alkylsulphonyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzenes scaling possibility to tens of grams was demonstrated. Product yields were 84-97%.
SYNTHESIS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF 2-METHYL-9H-SELENOXANTHEN-9-ONE
Authors: D.S. ODINTSOV , I.G. IRTEGOVA , I.A. OS'KINA , L.A. SHUNDRIN
Published: October 2024

2-Methyl-9H-selenoxanthen-9-one (selenoxanthone) 1 was obtained by the reaction of bis-(2-carboxyphenyl)diselenide with toluene in concentrated sulphuric acid. It is demonstrated by means of cyclic voltammetry, EPR spectroscopy and quantum chemical DFT calculations that the electrochemical reduction (ECR) of selenoxanthone 1 in acetonitrile is a one-electron reversible process with the formation of a long-lived radical anion having a similar type of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to the radical anions of the thioxanthone series. The ECR potential of selenoxanthone 1 is found to be less negative than the corresponding ECR potential of its related 2-methyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one, which indicates an increase in the adiabatic electron affinity of selenoxanthone 1 compared to its sulphur-containing analogue. This fact confirms the general nature of the phenomenon of an increase in the adiabatic electron affinity of heterocyclic compounds when a heteroatom is replaced by a heavier one within group VIa of the periodic system of elements.
SOURCES OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN LANDSCAPE COMPONENTS IN THE ZONE AFFECTED BY THE GORLOVO ANTHRACITE DEPOSIT
Authors: D.A. SOKOLOV , S.V. MOROZOV , T.G. PCHELNIKOVA , N.A. SOKOLOVA
Published: October 2024

The content and composition of 19 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the rocks and soils of dumps, mushrooms growing on them (Verpa bohemica and Suillus luteus), as well as infiltrated and thawed snow waters on the territory of the Gorlovo anthracite deposit were evaluated. It is shown that the main source of PAH in the components of technogenic and adjacent natural landscapes of the deposit are fine coal particles and products of their transformation of non-pyrogenic nature. The flux of PAH into the components of the environment occurs due to: 1) dust fallout near the road along which the extracted coal is transported; 2) transformation of anthracite inclusions in the upper horizons of coal-bearing soils of dumps; 3) migration of transformation products with infiltrated waters. A distinctive feature of the composition of PAH in the samples of the studied objects is the predominance of light PAH (LPAH) in rocks and coals and heavy PAH (HPAH) in infiltrated and thawed snow waters. The composition of the polyarenes of rocks is dominated by PHE (phenanthrene) > FLT (fluoranthene) > NAP (naphthalene), waters - FLT > PYR (pyrene) > CHR (chrysene). The composition of PAH of soils depends on the presence of coal inclusions. For carbonaceous soils, the predominant polyarenes are FLT > PYR > PHE = CHR. With depth in soils, the composition of PAHs changes and becomes close to the composition of soil-forming rocks. Mushrooms have a selective ability to absorb PAH. Regardless of the presence of coal in the soils on which the mushrooms grow, the predominant compounds are FLT for V. bohemica and PHE for S. luteus. Based on the results of the analysis of the principal components, as well as the correlation of the priority PAH indices with their total content and the content of carcinogenic polyarenes, it has been found that the most representative ratios for assessing the impact of technogenic sources associated with anthracite extraction and transportation are PHE/(PHE + CHR) and ΣLPAH/ΣHPAH.
SYNTHESIS OF THE NEW DERIVATIVES OF USNIC ACID AND STUDY OF THEIR INHIBITING ACTIVITY AGAINST TYROSYL-DNA-PHOSPHODIESTERASES 1 AND 2
Authors: A.S. FILIMONOV , A.A. CHEPANOVA , M.A. MIKHAILOVA , O.A. LUZINA , A.L. ZAKHARENKO , N.S. SALAKHUTDINOV , O.I. LAVRIK
Published: October 2024

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterases 1 and 2 (Tdp1 and Tdp2) are DNA repair enzymes that are considered as potential targets for antitumour supporting therapy in combination with topoisomerase inhibitors. The most effective Tdp1 inhibitors were found among the derivatives of the lichen secondary metabolite usnic acid. The sensitising effect of these compounds in combination with the topoisomerase 1 inhibitor topotecan was confirmed in cell culture experiments and animal models. In the present work, we describe new derivatives of usnic acid synthesized on the basis of previously obtained Tdp1 inhibitors by introducing the pyrazole cycle annelated with the C ring in dibenzofuran backbone, which makes it possible to reduce the intrinsic toxicity of the obtained compounds. New dual Tdp1 and Tdp2 inhibitors in the micromolar range of concentrations are found.
Preparation and properties of a rigid hemp shiv insulation particle board using citric acid-glycerol mixture as an eco-friendly binder
Authors: Pepin Simon , Lawrence Mike , Blanchet Pierre
Published: October 2024

Particle boards are commonly manufactured from wood-based material bound with a thermosetting adhesive based on the reaction of formaldehyde with phenol, urea, melamine, or co-condensates. The use of formaldehyde is a cause for concern due to its harmful emissions. This study investigates the use of an alternative binder combined with particles derived from a short-cycle crop as an alternative to timber derived particles. A low density particle board was developed using hemp shiv as an aggregate with a binder made with crude glycerol, derived from the waste stream of the bio-diesel industry, esterified with citric acid under heat activation. This board was characterized and found to have good mechanical properties, low thermal conductivity, and good moisture buffering. Dimensional stability was compromised by swelling when exposed to water, but it will be possible to address this shortcoming using hydrophobic additives. The acoustic properties of the board were also found to be excellent, showing potential for use as a thermally insulating acoustic separator for internal walls.
Assessment of surface roughness in milling of wood with different material temperature and cutting parameters
Authors: Korkmaz Mustafa , Budakçı Mehmet , Kılınç İzham
Published: October 2024

Effects of wood temperature were studied during CNC router processing relative to the resulting surface roughness, addressing a considerable gap in wood machining research. Three wood species (Scots pine, beech, and poplar) were machined at four temperatures (-20 °C, 0 °C, 20 °C, and 50 °C) to simulate diverse climatic conditions. The experiments were conducted at varied spindle speeds (6000, 12000, and 18000 rpm) and feed rates (3000 and 6000 mm/min). Surface roughness was measured using a portable tester in accordance with relevant ISO standards. A full factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of wood species, temperature, spindle speed, and feed rate on surface roughness. Results revealed a strong correlation between processing temperature and surface roughness, with a 25.9% increase in roughness observed as temperature rose from -20 °C to 50 °C. This temperature effect was consistent across all wood species, though its magnitude varied. The study also found that wood type, spindle speed, and feed rate significantly influenced surface quality, interacting with temperature effects. These findings suggest that controlling wood temperature during processing could be crucial for maintaining consistent surface quality in industrial applications, especially in facilities operating under variable environmental conditions.
Theoretical innovations of Zenonas Ivinskis
Authors: Bumblauskas Alfredas
Published: October 2024

Theoretical innovations of Zenonas Ivinskis
The article deals with the theoretical attitudes and research methods of the most prominent interwar and exile Lithuanian historian Zenonas Ivinskis. It is an attempt to apply, for the first time, the methodology of John Rüsen, a German theoretician, i. e. to perceive an interaction of pragmatism, historism, and Überwindung des Historismus (overcoming of historism) for the analysis of Lithuanian historiography. The criticism of pragmatism and the substantiation of historism are clear in his scientific heritage; he devoted special works to the theoretical problems and the analysis of the development of historiography. It is true that Zenonas Ivinskis did not discuss the character of the historistic methodology; one must reconstruct his attitudes from his specific historical studies. Two main conclusions can be drawn: 1) he did not accept the “inventory of events” in historism and noticed the absence of discussion on the programs of historical research as well as the predetermination of events based on the assumption of statehood as an arranged principle in historical synthesis. 2) Zenonas Ivinskis tried to refuse the narrative or “cut and paste” method (concept of T. J. Collingwood). An attempt was made to introduce an active relation between the researcher and historical sources; this is called “problemical historism” in the article.
Nevertheless, Zenonas Ivinskis’ scientific works do not fit into the framework of historism, which was predominant in Germany (where he studied and defended his doctoral thesis). Universalities of the Lithuanian geopolitical history were offered in some of his works. Also, he presented a new chronological division of the history of Lithuania based on the peasants' relations with the land (which can be treated as an insight of structural history). Zenonas Ivinskis also started to shape a new understanding of Lithuanian cultural history which challenged the speculative theoretical patterns. His most significant theoretical innovation was to typologize, for the first time in Lithuanian historiography, the processes of Lithuanian history, confronting them with Western Europe. This can also be treated as a clear sign of the new paradigm - Überwindung des Historismus (overcoming of historism).
Das Gesetz des geschobenen Kartenbündels
Authors: Gudavičius Edvardas
Published: October 2024

Der Kern der mittelalterlichen Zivilisation war heutiges Westeuropa. Im IX-XI Jahrhundert hatten sich Skandinavien, Böhmen, Ungarn, Polen, Kroaten an diesen Länder-Kreis angegliedert. Dieser zweite Länder-Kreis wurde ein Randraum Europas. In ihm entwickelten es sich ähnliche Sozial- und Kulturbeziehungen, es ging aber alles oberflächlicher und nicht so allseitig. Die Rechtsbeziehungen konnte man durch die Rezeptionen anpassen. Die Kulturwertschaften konnte man bergen und ihre Schöpfung nachahmen. Die Landwirtschaft und das Stadthandwerk waren aber am schwersten erreichbar. Die Aufbauerscheinungen der Gesellschaften des neuen Länder-Kreises kamen schneller zu den Punkten, welche dem Niveau der Kernländer sich annäherten. Die Sachkultur glich aber viel langsamer diesen Abstand aus. Solche Gesellschaften erinnerten an einen geschobenen Kartenbündel.
Litauen hatte am spätesten angegliedert. Sein „Winkel der Kartenschiebung" war der größte.
Max Weber's concept of feudalism and history of Lithuania
Authors: Norkus Zenonas
Published: October 2024

The article contains an attempt at classification of the theories of feudalism, an exposition of Max Weber's later theory of feudalism and a discussion of the question of its applicability to the history of Lithuania in the 13th-17th centuries. The theories of feudalism are classified as building a continuum including two poles: a mimetic one and a constructivist one. The first pole is approximated by the political and legal concepts of feudalism developed by the mainstream German historians in the 19th and 20th centuries (G. von Below, H. Mitteis, O. Brunner). The second pole is approximated by the Marxist socio-economic theories of feudalism. M. Weber's concept of feudalism is formulated in terms of political sociology and is localized in the middle of this continuum. The author suggests that the relations of political domination in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 13th-17th centuries can be accounted for by applying Weber's terms „fruendenfeudalismus," „ständische Herrschaft," and „Geschlechterstaat," but not the term „Lehnsfeudalismus."
Contemporary science of the history of Lithuanians: the conception of nation and the methodology of history
Authors: Potašenko Grigorijus
Published: October 2024

The conception of „nation" as any conception is an instrument. The conception of nation is implicated in the methodology of history. What links exist between this conception and the methodology of history? What are the differences between the conceptions of nation of those historians whose methodologies of history are various? In this article, the methodological positions of five contemporary Lithuanian historians are under analysis. The conceptions of nation of Rimantas Vebra, Egidijus Aleksandravičius, and Antanas Kulakauskas are typologically similar and are described as being in ethnocultural and social criteria. The looks for the methodology of history of these historians mean opposition to attachment great importance of economical factors in the Lithuanian Marxist methodology of history, and to the conception of humanistic history. The critical Marxist, Leonas Mulevičius, describes the conception of nation more according to economical criteria. Vincas Trumpa disposes to the study of consciousness, research of the „life of soul of man" and describes „the nation" according to historical, self-conscious criteria. The methodology of historians of Lithuania not only means changes of a world outlook and ideology, but it also marks off a new phase (and different directions) in the history of science.
Development of new synthetic approaches for the functional perovskite, spinel, pyrochlore and Ruddlesden-Popper crystal structure compounds
Authors:   , Karoblis Dovydas
Published: October 2024

Naujų sintezės metodų kūrimas funkciniams perovskito, špinelio, pirochloro ir Ruddlesden-Popper kristalinės struktūros junginiams
Pradinių klasių mokinių, turinčių didelių specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių, emocinio intelekto ugdymas(is) fizinio ugdymo pamokose
Authors:   , Garbenis Simas
Published: October 2024

Emotional intelligence development of primary school students, with severe special educational needs, during physical education classes
Tapsmas mokytoju kaip profesinio identiteto formavimosi patirtis: „Atrodo, kad pasirašiau sutartį gyvenimo...“
Authors:   , Pečiulienė Lina
Published: October 2024

Becoming a teacher as a professional identity-forming experience: 'I seem to have signed a contract for life...'
Nanostruktūrų taikymas gliukozės biologiniuose jutikliuose
Authors:   , Sakalauskienė Laura
Published: October 2024

Application of nanostructures in glucose biosensors
tudy of THz-range optical properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures
Authors:   , Pashnev Daniil
Published: October 2024

AlGaN/GaN heterostruktūrų THz-ruožo optinių charakteristikų tyrimas
Nelegalios ekonominės praktikos Lietuvos SSR 1940-1953 m
Authors:   , Indrišionis Darius
Published: October 2024

Illegal economical practices in Lithuanian SSR (1940-1953)
Phrasem-Konstruktionen im Deutschen und Tschechischen. Eine Fallstudie zu der Phrasem-Konstruktion Es ist zum + Vinf [!] (substantivierter Verbinfinitiv)
Authors: Malá Jiřina
Published: October 2024

The empirical study presents the problem of phraseme constructions (PhraCon) in current Germanic and international contrastive phraseological research. The article analyses the phraseme construction Es ist zum + Vinf [!] (substantivised verb infinitive). Es ist zum Heulen / Verzweifeln / Verrücktwerden / Lachen etc. will be focussed on from a contrastive German-Czech perspective with regard to its form and function in the text as well as its translation possibilities. Evidence from the parallel corpus InterCorp of the Czech National Corpus (CNK) will be analysed comparatively.
Was ist der Gegenstand der Sprachwissenschaft? Oder: Worüber soll eine sprachwissenschaftliche Arbeit informieren?
Authors: Wolf Norbert Richard
Published: October 2024

The metaphors in a newspaper commentary about a football match are described and analysed using linguistic methods. The question should not be determined by a theory of metaphors. The metaphors are not only grasped according to their metaphorical concept, but rather their effect on the text and in the text is asked. It turns out that the ‘direct questioning of the text’, which must be theory-based, but not theory-driven, is far more productive than the initial description of the theory with a subsequent collection of confirmatory examples.
Helen Witty and Elizabeth Schneider Colchie: Better than Store-Bought
Authors: D. J.M.
Published: October 2024

Helen Witty and Elizabeth Schneider Colchie: Better than Store-Bought: Harper and Row, New York, 1979: 325 pp., $12.95.
Norman Kolpas: Coffee
Authors: D. J.M.
Published: October 2024

Norman Kolpas: Coffee: John Murray, London, 1979: 156 pp., £4.50.
Jane Grigson: Food with the Famous
Authors: D. J.M.
Published: October 2024

Jane Grigson: Food with the Famous: Michael Joseph, London, 1979: 256 pp, £7-50.
Automatic control system for the electric drive of an overhead crane considering elastic connections
Authors: Olieinikov М.О.
Published: October 2024

Purpose. Investigation of the peculiarities of the automatic control system of an overhead crane electric drive with regard to elastic connections..
Research methods. To achieve this goal, we used the methods of system analysis and modeling with the help of software tools. This made it possible to reflect accurately the processes occurring in the system, as well as to test various operating scenarios and their impact on the overall system efficiency.
Results. The study considered the automatic control system of the electric drive and the importance of taking into account elastic connections. The proposed adaptive system uses the RBF neural network. The use of the proposed controller ensures resistance to disturbing influences and allows to level the load oscillations. The adaptability of the system is ensured by changing the parameters (load, speed of movement of mechanisms, stiffness, positioning accuracy, etc.) to meet the operating conditions of the overhead crane. Thanks to this, the system is able to operate efficiently even under variable loads and external influences. Computer modeling of the proposed control system was carried out, which confirmed its effectiveness under various operating conditions.
Scientific novelty.This system provides damping of load oscillations and increases the crane positioning accuracy. This is achieved by comparing it with existing control methods according to various criteria. It is proposed to use an algorithm for adapting the parameters of the control system in real time (load, trolley speed, cable length, mechanism stiffness, etc.), which significantly improves (by 5-7% positioning accuracy, by 8-10% stability) the performance of the system. In addition, the study confirmed the ability of the system to adapt to different operating conditions (changed load, variations in travel speed, uneven external disturbances), ensuring the stability and reliability of its operation, which is especially important for ensuring continuous operation of the crane in industrial environments.
Practical value. The use of this system can increase the overhead crane productivity by 5-10% compared to traditional control systems. Implementing the system in an industrial environment will significantly improve the efficiency and safety of the crane, as well as reduce maintenance and repair costs. In addition, this system can be used to modernize existing cranes, which will extend their service life and improve their reliability. This opens up new opportunities to improve the efficiency of industrial processes associated with the use of overhead cranes and provides better working conditions for operators.
Assessed correlation between biological diversity of oropharyngeal microbiota and atopic dermatitis severity and exacerbations
Authors: Pobezhimova O. O. , Zhestkov A. V. , Lyamin Artem V. , Reshetnikova V. P. , Ereshchenko A. A. , Alekseev D. V.
Published: October 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AtD) is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease characterized by itching, chronic recurrent course and age-related features of lesions. AtD pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated yet. An important factor for AtD emergence and progression is the imbalance in symbiotic microbiota. The research publications provide a few studies about a role for oropharyngeal microorganisms in AtD immunopathogenesis. The aim of the study is to analyze biological diversity of oropharyngeal microbial communities in varying AtD severity. 97 male patients, aged from 16 to 19 years, with different AtD severity were included in the study. Culture study of oropharyngeal discharge was also performed. Biological material was seeded on the expanded list of growth media and incubated for 5 days at the 37°С. To assess the biological diversity of the oropharyngeal microbiota, the coefficient of constancy (C) was used, in order to classify individual microorganisms as permanent, additional or transient. Statistical data processing was performed using the Stat Tech software (version 4.0.0, Stattech LLC, Russia). While examining biological diversity of the oropharyngeal microbiota in AtD patients, 58 microbial species were isolated and identified. After statistical analysis the significant differences in frequency of isolation, depending on different AtD severity were observed for microbes such asStreptococcus vestibularisandRothia dentocariosa. WhenR. dentocariosais isolated from the oropharynx, the chances of AtD exacerbation emergence decreased by 6 times, whereas in case ofS. vestibularis, on the contrary, it increased by 5 times. Therefore, identification of transitions of individual microbes from transient to additional and permanent microbiota and vice versa, depending on the AtD stage and severity, allows to analyze an influence of specific microorganisms in AtD pathological processes and to establish definite new microbiological predictors of AtD exacerbation and remission.
Altered leukocyte blood count in COVID-19 pandemic period
Authors: Kostarev Sergey N. , Sereda T. G.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. A potential for zoonotic transmission of highly pathogenic coronavirus strains to humans was of little concern to health care providers, which came as a surprise and led to a coronavirus pandemic in 2020 spring. In 2023 fall, there was higher number of humans infected with coronavirus infection. In 2024, influenza outbreaks characterized by wave-like temperature changes are observed, which may indicate the emergence of a new virus strain. Currently, it is of interest to study the effects related to novel coronavirus infection on human immune system. To date, the immune responses for individual parameters from leukocyte blood formula have been studied, but insufficient attention has been paid to the cumulative impact, due to the fact that many parameters behave ambiguously and it has not been possible to determine the cumulative impact on the immunogram. The aim of the study is to investigate models describing the dynamics in immunogram changes during the pandemic in adolescents living in Perm Krai. The objectives were to analyze differential equations describing a change in immunogram parameters; to summarize study results on impaired immunity due to exposure to coronavirus infection. Results. Differential equations were analyzed and the extremum and age patient parameters with the greatest deviation from the reference interval were determined. Conclusion. Despite the fact that individual elements of flow cytophotometric analysis are oscillatory in nature with large impulses, the generalization of flow cytophotometric analysis indices showed an interesting pattern characterized by a smooth change towards increasing deviation in older adolescence for all studied parameters. Flow cytophotometric analysis indices being within the reference range had the same modality towards negative trend with increasing age only differed by the fact that in the disease state the deviation was twice as large. Without disease, the excess of flow cytophotometric analysis indicators had a positive trend with increasing age, and the decrease of flow cytophotometric analysis indicators from the reference interval had a negative trend. In the disease state with decreased immunoglobulins, when flow cytophotometric analysis exceeded the reference interval, there was a convex deviation in the negative direction with increasing age. When decreasing from the reference interval, a convex curve with a positive trend is observed. Upon elevated immunoglobulins exceeding the reference interval flow cytophotometric analysis has a convex positive trend, whereas for at lowering the reference interval flow cytophotometric analysis also has a convex positive trend exceeding 5 times.
Features of influenza virus hemagglutinin genes and their recoding possibilities
Authors: Kharchenko Eugene P.
Published: October 2024

The world has already entered the stage of increasing odds for a new pandemic, which prompts to seek out for new flu vaccines, because existing vaccines demonstrate only suboptimal effectiveness. With the Covid-19 pandemic, the possibility of using mRNA vaccines has been opened up, and a prospect of finding hemagglutinin (HA) gene mRNA-based new influenza vaccines seems very attractive. As a rule, the mRNA vaccine is a product of recoding, which ensures the mRNA stability. However, the results of mRNA recoding can be ambiguous. The purpose of this report is to analyze the features of genes and proteins and to consider opportunities and limitations in their recoding. Primary structures of NA proteins and relevant genes were retrieved from Internet publicly available databases. The amino acid composition and frequency of dipeptides, nucleotide and dinucleotide compositions, %GC, translational code and compositions of neighboring di- and tricodones, distribution along primary structure for explicit and synonymous mutations were determined. H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes have both specific and general features (limitations) in their genes, differing not only in the number of protein substitutions, but also in the number and distribution of gene synonymous codons, which do not manifest in the protein primary structure, but appear, apparently, as a hidden factor, which causes the low effectiveness of classical influenza vaccines. The identification of several limitations in gene structure suggests that its any modification (in any gene) must not contradict each of the restrictions established by nature. The frequency of CpG dinucleotides in all studied strains is low, but a potential for optimizing it in H1N1 strains due to the prohibition of the quartet in the gene for arginine-encoding codons is especially limited and can be implemented through synonymous codons of other amino acids (alanine, proline, threonine or serine). Compared to the H1N1 subtype, the H3N2 subtype can be expected to have more possibilities in constructing stable NA gene mRNA.
Genetic profile of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains
Authors: Alekseeva Anna E. , Brusnigina N. F. , Makhova M. A.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the research: the molecular genetic characteristic ofA. baumanniicarbapenem-resistant strains, including clonal affiliation, resistome and virulome pattern analysis, description of genetic environment resistance determinants, comparative genetic analysis, and assessment of phylogenetic relationships are presented in the work. The studiedA. baumanniistrains belonged to sequence types ST2Pas/ST2062.2063Oxf(n = 5) and ST78Pas/ST1757Oxf(n = 2). The nucleotide sequences of the studiedA. baumanniiST2Pas/ST2062.2063Oxfstrains were grouped into a single cluster according to phylogenetic analysis. And the sequences of theA. baumanniiST78Pas/ST1757Oxfstrains were combined with the nucleotide sequence of theA. baumanniiAbCTX5 strain, isolated in France in 2015. The presence of intrinsic (OXA-51-like) and acquired carbapenemases genes was shown inA. baumanniistrains. In particular,blaOXA-23are identified in members of ST2Pas/ST2062.2063Oxf, and inA. baumanniiST78Pas/ST1757Oxfstrains —blaOXA-72as part of the plasmid DNA. TheA. baumanniiST78Passtrains possessed additional extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes. Тhe CTX-M-115 cephalosporinase gene are present in both strains, and theA. baumanniistrain NNAb_2023.3 has theblaCARB-16gene. MostA. baumanniistrains are characterized by the presence of acquired genes for enzymatic modification of macrolides(mph(E), msr(E)), chloramphenicols(catB8), aminoglycosides(aadA, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, armA). A comparative analysis showed that inA. baumanniiST2Pas/ST2062.2063Oxfstrains the resistance determinants to macrolides and aminoglycosides are located in the Tn6279-like transposon, and the aminoglycosidases genesaph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Idare associated with theIS91-like mobile element. InA. baumanniiST78Pas/ST1757Oxfstrains, resistance genes to aminoglycosides, macrolides, sulfonamides, and beta-lactamase genes are grouped in a region from 60 to 80 Kb long between theglmSandhutCgenes. The presence of mutations in thegyrAandparCgenes associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones were characterized in allA. baumanniistrains. Thus, new knowledge about the genetic profile of carbapenem-resistantA. baumanniistrains representing epidemically significant international clonal lineage has been obtained.
HIV protein profile characteristics in patients with first-time detected infection
Authors: Davydenko V. S. , Ostankova Yuliia V. , Schemelev A. N. , Serikova E. N. , Totolian A. A.
Published: October 2024

The HIV-infection continues to be one of the most large-scale epidemics worldwide. Many techniques have been developed to detect this disease, but the Western blot based on the identification of specific viral proteins remains the most commonly used method that allows to monitor ongoing viral processes. Despite discussions regarding the criteria for a positive test assessment and selection of a minimum number of viral proteins to reliably interpret the data, a very few studies on the protein profiles in HIV-infected patients, particularly in the Russian Federation are available. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HIV viral proteins in a group of people with newly diagnosed infections analyzing 2566 blood samples from individuals with newly diagnosed HIV infection for reference testing. The samples were assessed using ELISA and IHL techniques, followed by western blotting. Subsequently, the following viral proteins were analyzed to assess HIV life cycle and the predominance of its different stages: gp160, gp120, gp41, p55, p40, p24, p17, p66, p51, and p31. For comparison, gp110/120 was chosen as the reference protein due to its lowest prevalence frequency among allenvgene products comprising 96.06%. A significantly reduced prevalence frequency was found for several protein groups: GAG — p55 (80.91%), p40 (72.14%), nucleocapsid p18/17 (67.37%); POL proteins — p68/66 (89.57%), p52/51 (81.91%), p34/31 (86.02%). Significant differences in frequency of viral proteins between age and sex groups are shown. Hypotheses explaining the obtained data are presented. By aligning anti-viral protein antibody profile with the course of the infection and patient’s condition, it will be possible to identify patterns and take necessary measures for early diagnostics with extended results, such as duration of the infection, viral load, and disease severity.
Immunogenicity and safety of DTPW-HEPB-HIB (PRP-T) vaccine (Pentavac) in infants aged 2–7 months: a post marketing phase 4 clinical trial study
Authors: Masoumi-Asl H. , Nateghian A. , Baradaran H.R. , Jafari E. , Azizian R. , Faramarzi Mahmoud
Published: October 2024

Background.Vaccines play a critical role in safeguarding public health, particularly for children. It is imperative to proactively address safety concerns to uphold trust in their effectiveness and safety. Skepticism surrounding vaccines can have significant adverse effects on the overall well-being of the entire population, potentially leading to individuals opting out of vital vaccinations, thereby posing risks to public health. Thus, ensuring confidence in vaccine safety remains paramount.Materials and methods.This phase four clinical trial was conducted as a post-marketing study (PMS) on 2 to 7 month old healthy infants (N = 539) to evaluate immunity and safety of Indian pentavalent vaccine containing Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenza type b [DTPW-HEP B-HIB (PRP-T)/PENTAVAC] in four different centers at Tehran province. Blood samples were collected from eligible infants before receiving the vaccine (2 months of age) and 1 month after the third dose (7 months of age) to determine antibodies against all antigens in the pentavalent vaccine using ELISA.Results.The results indicated that the immune responses demonstrated seroprotection and protective antibody levels after three doses of the vaccine for Haemophilus influenza b, diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B virus andBordetella pertussiswere 99.1%, 98.7%, 99.8%, 99.4% and 69.6%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the P-value for all vaccine components was similar (P 0.001). The five most common side effects reported were mild fever (10%), erythema at the vaccination site (9.1%), inflammation (4.3%), pain at the vaccination site (3.3%), and restlessness (2.6%).Conclusion.This study’s findings demonstrated a significant increase in antibody levels against all five vaccine components. In light of these results, it can be concluded that the Pentavalent vaccine is not only effective in enhancing immunity against multiple diseases but also presents minimal risk of side effects in the study population. These findings contribute to the body of evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of vaccines, underscoring their crucial role in protecting public health.
Laboratory support for seromonitoring of anti-pertussis post-vaccination immunity
Authors: Vidmanova Maria V.
Published: October 2024

Monitoring of humoral immunity in 3–4 year-old anti-pertussis vaccinated children is one of the approaches for pertussis epidemiological surveillance. It’s a predictive indicator for comprehensive assessment of morbidity in the region. The agglutination reaction (RA) used earlier has been displaced with enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). So, two questions arose: regarding i) a relevance of using ELISA in whole-cell vaccinated individuals, and ii) correctness of large-scale data interpretation without applying a unified IgG reference value. Study aims were to assess humoral anti-pertussis population immunity by ELISA, to determine features of humoral protection in vaccinated subjects after using various vaccine types, to identify age features, to make recommendations for evaluating seromonitoring data. Blood serum samples from anti-pertussis vaccinated children in Samara region (n = 1729) were examined in 2016–2020; children were divided into 4 age groups ( 3, 3–4, 5–7, ≥ 7.1 years) and into 3 type vaccines groups: cellular, acellular and combined. We used two ELISA kits, which are designed to assess post-vaccination immunity, according to the manufacturer’s instructions, quantifying IgG againstB. pertussis, which differ in units and reference values. Statistical analysis was performed using StatTech program v.2.6.2. The largest and smallest percentage of seronegative children was in the cellular-vaccinated and acellular-vaccinated group, respectively. Seronegative percentage in the “indicator group” reaches 55.2% being significantly higher than acceptable 10.0%-level, and differs from the literature data (30–40%), which were obtained mainly with RA. This may suggest about an incorrect interpretation of post-vaccination immunity data evaluation strictly according to manufacturers’ reference criteria, especially for whole-cell vaccinated subjects. A method for calculating the seronegative percentage is proposed that relies on the prognostic negative data level as a correction factor. The required values were obtained during comparison studies of random serum samples from 3–4-year-old children (n = 70) using two ELISA kits (“RIDASCREEN®Bordetella”, “SeroPertussis™ IgG”) and intra-laboratory comparison panel. It should be given preference for sets with a greater prognostic negative data level, if population seronegative percentage is assessed.
Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. isolated from humans and chickens in the Republic of Guinea
Authors: Balde R. , Matveeva Z. N. , Kaftyreva L. A. , Makarova Maria A.
Published: October 2024

Background.The issue of diarrheal diseases remains relevant for modern health care in all countries. Campylobacteriosis is the most common infectious disease with foodborne transmission and poultry meat is a transmission factor.Materials and methods.724 items of faeces sampled from patients with diarrheal syndrome and 283 samples of faeces of chickens raised on private farms and five poultry farms in the province were studied. For bacteriological method were used selective media. Traditional routine tests (cell morphology, cytochrome oxidase, catalase, hydrolysis of sodium hippurate and indoxyl acetate) and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry was performed for identification. The susceptibility of strains to antibiotics was analysed using the disc-diffusion method. Results were interpreted according to the EUCAST criteria, versions 2019–2022.Results.Campylobacterspp. was cultured in 65 out of 724 faecal samples from patients with acute diarrhoea, of them 83.08% were identified asC. jejuni, and 16.92% asC. coli. Of the 237Campylobacterstrains from chicken were identified asC. jejuni(54.0%), asC. coli(46.0%).Campylobacterspp. strains from humans were resistant to tetracycline (40.0%), to erythromycin (6.15%), to ciprofloxacin (12.31%). The strains from chickens kept on farms, were resistant to tetracycline in 42.55%, to ciprofloxacin — in 22.70% and to erythromycin — in 11.35%. The strains from chickens kept on private farms were resistant to tetracycline in 4.17%, to ciprofloxacin — in 1.04%, all strains were sensitive to erythromycin.Conclusion.Thus, due to the widespread prevalence ofCampylobacterspp., infectious diseases they cause remain a topical issue. Studying the resistance to antibiotics inCampylobacterspp. among poultry could allow to develop new approaches to confirming the significance of their foodborne nature and to improve the national disease prevention system.
Prospectives of developing therapeutic HPV vaccines
Authors: Raevskaya Natalja M. , Nikitina T. N. , Simbirtsev A. S. , Solovyeva I. L. , Volgin A. R. , Korovkin A. S.
Published: October 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV) represents one of the most serious global public health problems. Malignant female and male diseases mainly result from persistent HPV infection. Cancer belongs to a high mortality rate disease. It has been established that HPV infection causes about 70% vaginal cancer, 50% male genital cancer, 90% anal cancer and 60% head-and-neck cancer. Annually, a large number of people develop various HPV-caused cancer types, dominated by cervical cancer, one of the most common and aggressive types of cancer that threatens health holding the fourth place among most female common cancer worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2020, about 600 cases of cervical cancer are recorded daily in different countries. Emergence of cervical cancer is closely related to factors such as long-term (persistent) HPV infection and somatic mutations of the host genome. Although HPV infection can be detected and cured early with highly effective screening methods and surgical procedures, the carcinogenic risk of HPV related diseases constantly increases, which elimination faces certain difficulties, especially in low- and mid-developed countries. The most acceptable solution to this is development and implementation of therapeutic vaccines for prevention and treatment of HPV related diseases. Three licensed HPV vaccines based on L1 type virus-like particles (L1-VLPs) technology are available globally: bivalent (HPV-2), quadrivalent (HPV-4) and nonavalent (HPV-9) vaccines. These vaccines demonstrated effectiveness in reducing HPV-related cervical cancer rate by up to 90% worldwide. However, the therapeutic effect of these vaccines on persistent HPV infection and lesions has not been observed. Therapeutic HPV vaccines candidates targeted Ye6/Ye7 cancer proteins activate cellular immunity that eliminates existing HPV infection. Here we review types, mechanisms of action and clinical effects of therapeutic HPV vaccines, as well as current and future developments in the field for prevention and treatment of HPV related diseases.
The effect of a new coronavirus infection on hemogram parameters in the early convalescence period of patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Agarkov Nikolay M. , Yakunchenko T. I. , Okhotnikov O. I. , Makkonen K. F. , Alymova M. V.
Published: October 2024

Laboratory data, especially a general blood test, play an important role in the treatment of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. However, in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and COVID-19, a general blood test is rarely analyzed and is insufficient to fully assess an impact of the new coronavirus infection on patients with cardiac diseases. The aim of the study was to analyze a COVID-19 effect on hemogram parameters in the early recovery period of patients with coronary heart disease. The study was performed at the Kursk City Clinical Hospital for Emergency Medical Care in the years 2021–2022, which involved 58 mature-aged patients (45–59 years old) suffering from coronary heart disease who had a new coronavirus infection and 62 elderly patients suffering from coronary heart disease alone. Morning blood sampling was carried out from the forearm superficial veins into Vacutainer test tubes added with a coagulation activator. In elderly patients, 3–4 weeks after recovery, significant changes in red blood parameters persisted — a decline in the level of peripheral blood erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Elderly patients with coronary heart disease comorbid with a moderate new coronavirus infection, 3–4 weeks later had also higher count of leukocytes, neutrophils, segmented neutrophils and ESR level relative to comparison group. It should be noted that in the early convalescence period elderly patients with coronary heart disease and COVID-19 had significantly elevated ESR, which confirms ongoing sustained inflammatory process. After evaluating the information content according to the calculated Kullback informativeness assessment for analyzed general blood test parameters, it was found to peak for platelet and leukocyte counts as well as ESR level. Thus, among the analyzed indicators in the general blood test, it turned out that platelet and leukocyte count along with ESR level were most informative and of prognostic significance during early convalescent period of elderly patients with coronary heart disease comorbid with a new coronavirus infection, which are proposed to be used as biomarkers of early convalescent period.