bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN HACCP (HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT) PADA PROSES PRODUKSI SUKLAT MOCACHINO DAN CHOCO GRANULE DI PT. MAYORA INDAH TBK.
Authors: Ponda Henri , Fatma Nur Fadilah , Yusuf Ade
Published: July 2020

Soklat Mocachino dan Choco Granule merupakan salah satu jenis produk pangan olahan, dimana produk pangan selalu dituntut agar aman dan layak dikonsumsi. Dikatakan aman produk pangan olahan tersebut tidak mengandung atau bebas dari bahaya fisik, kimia dan biologi. Untuk itu sangat penting bagi produsen agar selalu memastikan semua tahapan proses produksi yang terlibat didalamnya harus dijaga dengan cara pengolahan yang baik (good manufacturing practice). Dengan cara tersebut seluruh peluang bahaya yang ada dapat teridentifikasi sehingga dapat dilakukan suatu tindakan pengendalian yang spesifik agar bahaya dapat berkurang sampai batas yang dapat diterima. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dalam rangka mengurangi bahaya pada produk olahan pangan yaitu HACCP (hazard analysis and critical control point). Berdasarkan hasil analisis bahaya menunjukkan dari 15 tahapan proses produksi yang ada, dimana 5 proses diantaranya merupakan CCP (critical control point) yaitu penimbangan, vacuum belt drying, air blowing transfer, vibroseparator, dan pengemasan. Sedangkan 10 tahapan proses produksi lainnya merupakan OPRP (Operational Pre-Requisite Program).
ANALISIS USAHA TANI BAWANG MERAH DALAM ASPEK TEKNIS, FINANSIAL DAN SOSIAL EKONOMI DI KECAMATAN KOTA GAJAH, LAMPUNG TENGAH
Authors: Fajarika Dian , Fahadha Rizqa Ula
Published: July 2020

Komoditas bawang merah merupakan komoditas dengan permintaan yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Rata-rata konsumsi bawang merah per kapita sebesar 0,54 ons per hari. Sebagai komoditas sayuran bawang merah termasuk komoditas dengan produksi tinggi sebesar 1.49 juta ton pada tahun 2018. Sentra usaha bawang merah di Lampung masih dalam pengembangan untuk membantu menstabilkan kebutuhan suplai bawang merah dan menjaga kestabilan harga di pasar.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat  serta kelayakan dalam aspek teknis, finansial dan sosial ekonomidalam usaha tani bawang merah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di salah satu kawasan lahan pertanian bawang merah di Lampung Tengah kecamatan Kota Gajah. Metode yang digunakan meliputi wawancara langsunguntuk pengumpulan data primer dan pengumpulan data sekunder melalui pusat informasi daerah.Penilaian secara finansial menggunakan analisis kriteria investasi nilai NPV, IRR, rasio pendapatan dan biaya (revenue and cost ratio). Hasil analisis teknis menunjukkan bahwa daerah kecamatan Kota Gajah memiliki iklim, jenis tanah dan ketersediaan serta skill petani yang memenuhi untuk tanaman bawang merah. Pada analisis finansial menunjukkan usaha tersebut layak dijalankan karena  diperoleh rasio revenue dan cost sebanyak 1,8, dengan nilai NPV Rp. 16.343.200.177,00 dan IRR 15,19% pada periode kedua diatas tingkat diskonto. Pada aspek sosial ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa tanaman bawang merah mampu meningkatkan penghasilan petani sebanyak 4 kali lipat dibanding menanam padi serta membuka hubungan kerjasama dengan berbagai pihak baik pemerintah, swasta dan petani di luar kecamatan Kota Gajah.
PERSPEKTIF SAFETY LEADERSHIP DALAM PENINGKATAN KINERJA KESELAMATAN KERJA
Authors: Satoto Handy Febri
Published: July 2020

Safety leadership sangat berperan sebagai kunci keberhasilan dalam membangun budaya keselamatan yang kuat pada industri dan yang nantinya akan meningkatkan kinerja dari keselamatan kerja. Standard manajemen keselamatan internasional telah menjadi langkah besar dalam meningkatkan standar keselamatan. Efektivitas dari standard ini sangat tergantung pada bagaimana para pemimpin mengimplementasikannya. Untuk itu diperlukan adanya safety leadership dalam mencapai peningkatan kinerja keselamatan kerja.Safety leadership harus dimiliki oleh pimpinan suatu perusahaan untuk menunjang keberlangsungan kesehatan dan keselamatan pekerjanya.Dalam artikel ini dibahas perspektif dan karakteristik leadership untuk peningkatan safety performance berupa: model safety leadership; safety leadership meningkatkan keselamatan kerja; safety leadership membangun safety culture; safety leadership dan komitmen organisasi; safety leadership pada supervisor. Beberapa hal tersebut dapat meningkatkan keselamatan kerja di suatu organisasi perusahaan.
Rationing health and social goods during pandemics: guidance for Ghanaian decision makers
Authors: Laar Amos , DeBruin Debra , Ofori-Asenso Richard , Laar Matilda Essandoh , Redman Barbara , Caplan Arthur
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Healthcare rationing
during pandemics has been widely discussed in global bioethics literature.
However, existing scenarios and analyses have focused on high income countries,
except for very few disease areas such as HIV treatment where some analyses
related to African countries exist. We argue that the lack of scholastic discourse,
and by extension, professional and democratic engagement on the subject
constitute an unacceptable ethical omission. Not only have African governments
failed to develop robust ethical plans for pandemics, ethicists in this region
have been unable to ignite public discourse on rationing. Therefore,
we aim to initiate a debate on how rationing health and social goods could be
done ethically in Ghana during the current and future pandemics.

The paper discusses and
critiques some moral considerations (utilitarian, equity, equal worth,
urgent need, and the prioritarian principles) for rationing and their
relevance in the Ghanaian context. This contribution may facilitate ethical
decision-making during COVID-19 in Ghana and other African settings where hardly
any rationing guidelines exist
Karya Sastra (Puisi, Prosa, Drama)
Authors: Lafamane Felta
Published: July 2020

AbstrakKarya sastra adalah ungkapan perasaan manusia yang bersifat pribadi yang berupa pengalaman, pemikiran, perasaan, ide, semangat, keyakinan dalam bentuk gambaran kehidupan yang dapat membangkitkn pesona dengan alat bahasa dan dilukiskan dalam bentuk tulisan. Sumardjo dalam bukunya mengatakan bahwa karya sastra adalah sebuh usaha merekam isi jiwa sastrawanya, rekaman ini menggunakan alat bahasa. Sasrta adalah bentuk rekaman dengan bahasa yang akan disampaikan kepada orang lain.sastra adalah seni bahasa. Yang memiliki makna, lahirnya sebuah karya sastra adalah untuk dinikmati diri sendiri atau juda utuk dapat dinikmati oleh siapa saja yang membacanya atau pembacanya. Untuk dapat meulis dan menikmati karya sastra secara sungguh-sugguh dan karya yang baik sangat diperlukan pengetahuan tentang sastra. Tanpa pengetahuan tentang sastra yang cukup, penikmatan akan sebuah karya sastra hanya bersipat dangkal, sementara dan sepintas saja karena kurangnya pemahaman yang tepat. Sangat diperlukan pengatahun akan sastra karena agar semua orang tahu apa yang dimaksud deng sastra. Karya sastra bukanlah ilmu, karya sastra adalah seni yang memiliki unsur kemanusiaan di dalamnya, khususnya perasaan sehingga sangat susah diterapkan untuk metode keilmuan. Keyword: karya sastra, puisi, prosa, drama
Are Happier People More Compliant? Global Evidence From Three Large-Scale Surveys During Covid-19 Lockdowns
Authors: Krekel Christian , Swanke Sarah , De Neve Jan , Fancourt Daisy
Published: July 2020

Around the world, governments have been asking their citizens to substantially change their behaviour for a prolonged period of time, by practising physical distancing and staying at home, to contain the spread of Covid-19. Are happier people more willing to comply with these measures? Using three independent surveys covering about 119,000 adult respondents across 35 countries, including longitudinal data from the UK, we found that past and present happiness predicts compliance during lockdown. The relationship is stronger for those with higher levels of happiness. A negative mood, or loss in happiness, predicts lower compliance. We explored risk-avoidance and pro-social motivations for this relationship, and found that motivations for compliance are not uniformly distributed but dependent on personal characteristics and context: people who are older or have certain medical preconditions seem to be predominantly motivated by risk-avoidance, whereas motivations of people who are less at risk of Covid-19 seem more mixed. Our findings have implications for policy design, targeting, and communication.
How to Build A Strong Theoretical Foundation
Authors: Smaldino Paul E.
Published: July 2020

It is our theories that shape how we see the world and the questions we ask of it. Fried argues that psychological science is plagued by weak theories, and that there is a real need for building and testing strong theories that include formal models. I agree. Fried calls for better training in the construction of formal theory, and I enthusiastically agree with this as well. However, I am concerned that the road to establish such a training in program will be long and hard. Fried ends his piece with tentative optimism, but little in the way of concrete proposals. Here I’ll outline what I think some of the necessary changes are and why implementing them will be challenging. I’ll conclude with some thoughts on how to overcome those challenges. Constructing good strong theories requires integration of the skills currently possessed by psychological scientists with (1) increased interdisciplinarity, (2) increased technical prowess, and (3) increased philosophical scrutiny.
Thinking about thinking: People Underestimate Intrinsically Motivating Experiences of Waiting
Authors: Hatano Aya , Ogulmus Cansu , Shigemasu Hiroaki , Murayama Kou
Published: July 2020

The ability to engage in internal thoughts without external stimulation is one of the hallmarks of unique characteristics in humans. The current research tested the hypothesis that people metacognitively underestimate their capability to positively engage in just thinking. Participants were asked to sit and wait in a quiet room without doing anything for a certain amount of time (e.g., 20 min). Before the waiting task, they made a prediction about how intrinsically motivating the task would be at the end of the task; they also rated their experienced intrinsic motivation after the task. Across six experiments we consistently found that participants’ predicted intrinsic motivation for the waiting task was significantly less than experienced intrinsic motivation. This underestimation effect was robustly observed regardless of the independence of predictive rating, the amount of sensory input, duration of the waiting task, timing of assessment, and cultural contexts of participants. This underappreciation of just thinking also led participants to proactively avoid the waiting task when there was an alternative task (i.e. internet news checking), despite that their experienced intrinsic motivation was actually not statistically different. These results suggest the inherent difficulty in accurately appreciating the engaging aspect of thinking activity, and could explain why people prefer keeping themselves busy, rather than taking a moment for reflection and imagination, in our daily life.
Differences in Learning Across the Lifespan Emerge via Resource-Rational Computations
Authors: Bruckner Rasmus , Nassar Matt R. , Li Shu-Chen , Eppinger Ben
Published: July 2020

Learning accurate beliefs about the world is computationally demanding but critical for adaptive behavior across the lifespan. Here, we build on an established framework formalizing learning as predictive inference and examine the possibility that age differences in learning emerge from efficient computations that consider available cognitive resources differing across the lifespan. In our formalization of this idea, beliefs are updated through a sampling process that stops after reaching a criterion level of accuracy. The amount of sampling navigates a trade-off between belief accuracy and computational cost, with more samples favoring belief accuracy and fewer samples minimizing costs. Maximizing the accuracy-cost ratio would require a more frugal sampling policy when cognitive resources are limited or costly, leading to systematically biased beliefs. Data from two lifespan studies (N = 129 and N=90) show that children and older adults display biases characteristic of a more frugal sampling policy, including (i) more frequent perseveration when required to update from previous beliefs and (ii) a stronger anchoring bias when updating beliefs from an externally generated value. Across age groups, individuals who perseverated most when updating from previous beliefs also had the largest anchoring biases when updating beliefs from an externally generated value, corroborating our model's assumption that these biases originate from sampling. Our model and results provide a unifying perspective on perseverative and anchoring biases, show that they can jointly emerge from efficient belief-updating computations in different age groups, and suggest that resource-rational adjustments of sampling computations can explain age-related changes in adaptive learning.
Artificial Intelligence for the Measurement of Vocal Stereotypy
Authors: Dufour Marie-Michèle , Lanovaz Marc J , Cardinal Patrick
Published: July 2020

Both researchers and practitioners often rely on direct observation to measure and monitor behavior. When these behaviors are too complex or numerous to be measured in vivo, relying on direct observations using human observers increases the costs of conducting research and monitoring interventions in practice. To address this issue, we conducted a proof of concept examining whether artificial intelligence could measure vocal stereotypy in individuals with autism. More specifically, we used an artificial neural network with over 1,500 minutes of audio data from eight different individuals to train and test models to measure vocal stereotypy. Our results showed that our artificial neural network performed adequately (i.e., session-by-session correlation near or above .80 with a human observer) in measuring engagement in vocal stereotypy for six of eight participants. That said, researchers need to conduct additional research to further improve the generalizability of the approach.
Default beliefs guide learning under uncertainty in children and older adults
Authors: Bruckner Rasmus , Nassar Matthew R. , Li Shu-Chen , Eppinger Ben
Published: July 2020

Across the lifespan, humans rely on the ability to learn from new experiences to adapt to uncertain and changing environments. Here we investigated age-related differences in the reliance on default-belief settings during learning in these environments. We collected behavioral data with a predictive-inference task in children, adolescents as well as younger and older adults. Using a Bayesian belief-updating model, we first showed that age-related learning differences might be due to a reduced ability to adjust learning according to dissociable normative factors. The results revealed a reduced consideration of uncertainty in older adults and increased perseveration in both children and older adults. Simulations indicated that interventions to reduce perseveration might lead to more similar performance levels between the age groups. In a follow-up experiment, we found that one such intervention which randomly distorted participants' initial predictions strongly reduced perseveration, but led to increased performance differences. This counter-intuitive effect resulted from an environmental control of learning in children and older adults through random information from the intervention to reduce perseveration. Across the two experiments, our findings show that age-related learning impairments can be explained with insufficient updating from a default belief. In stable environments, this results in perseverative behavior, while in the presence of random environmental information, it leads to environmental control. We formalized the emergence of these belief-updating behaviors with a model that updated beliefs only to an acceptable level of plausibility, suggesting that children and older adults are more quickly satisfied to report beliefs that reflect their default than younger adults. This model not only accounted for our own findings but might also provide a new perspective on a wide variety of previous findings in the developmental and aging literature.
Review Essay on Charles Kadushin 2012. Understanding Social Networks: Theories, Concepts, and Findings.
Authors: Liou Heng-Chien
Published: July 2020

Understanding Social Networks by Charles Kadushin provides an accessible introduction to must-know ideas of social networks. In this review essay, I outline some important topics of Kadushin's text. In addition, I connect the original analysis to literature recently published and from other disciplines. I hope this essay can benefit potential readers on their journey to understanding social networks.
Pelatihan Desain Grafis Menggunakan Microsoft Publisher bagi Remaja Islam Masjid Darussalam (RISMADA)
Authors: Ashadul Ushud Achmad Aditya
Published: July 2020

Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi yang tidak terbendung lagi, menjadikan desain grafis semakin dibutuhkan. Alasannya karena dengan desain grafis maka informasi dapat disampaikan dalam bentuk yang menarik. Kegiatan Pelatihan Desain Grafis Menggunakan Microsoft Publisher ini diikuti oleh peserta yang terdiri dari pelajar SMP dan SMA yang tergabung dalam Remaja Islam Masjid Darussalam (RISMADA) dan remaja di sekitar Komplek Ciledug Indah 2. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan dan kemampuan untuk mendesain dengan menggunakan Microsoft Publisher. Penggunaan Microsoft Publisher sebagai sarana mendesain dikarenakan aplikasi ini dirasa cukup mudah untuk dipelajari dan digunakan. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan ini adalah kombinasi dari tutorial, praktek, dan diskusi atau tanya jawab, dan evaluasi untuk mengetahui tingkat penyerapan terhadap materi pelatihan yang diberikan.Kata Kunci: desain grafis, Microsoft Publisher
Pelatihan Penulisan Naskah Drama dari Cerita Lisan Sulawesi Selatan di MTs Negeri 2 Biringkanaya Makassar
Authors: Muliadi Muliadi , Mansyur Umar , Amin Kasma F.
Published: July 2020

Potensi kekayaan daerah berupa sastra lisan di Sulawesi Selatan sepenuhnya belum digali dan disebarluaskan kepada generasi muda. Potensi budaya ini dapat dijadikan sebagai sarana pembentukan karakter siswa di sekolah melalui kegiatan penulisan naskah drama. Kegiatan pelatihan penulisan naskah drama dari cerita lisan Sulawesi Selatan di MTs Negeri 2 Biringkanaya Makassar dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pelatihan, pendampingan, dan praktik penulisan. Jumlah peserta pelatihan sebanyak 36 orang. Kegiatan ini dijalankan dalam beberapa tahapan, yakni persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Pada tahap persiapan, dilakukan koordinasi dengan mitra, menunjuk tim pendamping, dan mempersiapkan materi pelatihan, serta memastikan kesiapan alat dan bahan penunjang pelatihan. Pada tahap pelaksanaan, tim menyampaikan materi pelatihan peserta. Setiap kelompok diberikan bahan sastra lisan dari daerah Sulawesi Selatan, yang selanjutnya akan disusun ke dalam sebuah naskah drama. Pada tahap evaluasi, tim pelaksana melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi mengenai tingkat pengetahuan mitra setelah kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan dilakukan. Secara keseluruhan, pelaksanaan kegiatan PKM Pelatihan Penulisan Naskah Drama dari Cerita Lisan Sulawesi Selatan yang dilaksanakan di MTs Negeri 2 Biringkanaya Makassar ini mendapat respons yang baik dari peserta yang menjadi mitra pengabdian masyarakat. Para siswa yang menjadi peserta pelatihan antusias mengikuti kegiatan yang diberikan.
Pemberdayaan Pemuda melalui Pelatihan Penggunaan Media Sosial Untuk Peningkatan Pemasaran Produk Desa Semamung, Kabupaten Sumbawa
Authors: Hudaningsih Nurul , Miftahul Miftahul , Suarantalla Ryan
Published: July 2020

Kebijakan pemerintah one village one product menjadi tantangan bagi masyarakat desa. Keberlanjutan produk tidak hanya dari keberadaanya namun ditentukan juga dari seberapa berjalan kemasifan pemasaran produk. Pemasaran dan kemasan merupakan hal yang penting dalam upaya menarik minat calon konsumen. Media sosial online saat ini menjadi media yang digunakan untuk melakukan promosi. Dengan adanya perkembangan IPTEK yang pesat, aktivitas komunikasi yang sifatnya konvensial perlahan-lahan menuju ke aktivitas komunikasi yang bersifat digital. Social Responsibility Community (SRC) Desa Semamung merupakan organisasi kepemudaan yang terletak di Desa Semamung. SRC memiliki potensi besar untuk dapat membantu pemasaran produk desa. Namun terdapat kekurangan pengetahuan dan keterampilan para pemuda Desa Semamung dalam pemasaran online. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini merupakan upaya mensinergiskan potensi anak muda di SRC Desa Semamung terhadap media sosial untuk pemasaran produk lokal Desa Semamung. Program dilakukan dengan pelatihan desain kemasan menggunakan Software Corel Draw, pelatihan promosi menggunakan media sosial (Facebook dan Instagram) yang efektif serta pendampingan. Kesimpulan program ini adalah upaya mensinergikan potensi pemuda dan kebutuhan pemasaran produk desa sangat efektif. Selanjutnya mitra (SRC Desa Semamung) tertarik untuk terus mengaplikasikan ilmu dan pengalaman yang didapat melalui program untuk keberlanjutan pemasaran produk Desa Semamung. Kata Kunci : Pemberdayaan Pemuda Desa, Pemasaran, Produk Desa
Menurunkan Keluhan Gangguan Muskuloskeletal Pada Penenun Tradisional Sarung Samarinda Melalui Pelatihan Peregangan Otot di Tempat Kerja
Authors: Ramdan Iwan Muhamad , Azahra Azizah
Published: July 2020

Gangguan muskuloskeletal merupakan masalah kesehatan kerja di seluruh dunia, baik pada pekerja sektor formal maupun  informal dan telah menimbulkan kerugian yang cukup besar baik bagi dunia usaha maupun bagi pekerja.  Salah satu upaya pencegahan gangguan muskuloskeletal adalah dengan pemberian pelatihan peregangan otot di tempat kerja (muscle streching exercise). Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat bagian Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Mulawarman dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Tenun Kota Samarinda yang merupakan ikon pariwisata Kota Samarinda Kalimantan Timur. Sasaran pengabdian masyarakat adalah penenun tradisional sarung Samarinda yang berjumlah 75 orang. Kegiatan dimulai dengan pengukuran gangguan muskuloskeletal dengan instrumen Nordic Body Map, kemudian penjelasan tujuan dan manfaat kegiatan, pemberian peregangan otot di tempat kerja disela-sela kegiatan menenun 2 kali setiap minggu  selama 1 bulan, dan diakhiri dengan pengukuran kembali gangguan muskuloskeletal. Sebelum pelaksaan intervensi, gangguan muskuloskeletal pada penenun didapatkan kategori rendah (49,4%), kategori menengah (32,5%), kategori tinggi (15,5%). Evaluasi 2 minggu pertama didapatkan gangguan muskuoskeletal kategori rendah (81,8%) dan kategori menengah (15,6%), dan evaluasi 2 minggu kedua didapatkan hasil gangguan musculoskeletal kategori sangat rendah (32,2%), rendah (44,2) dan menengah (20,8%). Disimpulkan, peregangan otot di tempat kerja dapat menurunkan keluhan gangguan muskuloskeletal walaupun belum semuanya teratasi. Kegiatan ini sangat bermanfaat bagi penenun tradisional sarung Samarinda dalam rangka pencegahan kejadian gangguan muskuloskeletal yang lebih parah
COMPATIBILITY OF LANGUAGE UNITS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE AND THEIR CAPABILITY
Authors: Amirbekova Aigul Baydebekkyzy  , Khabiyeva Almagul  , Soltanbekova Alfia  , Taubaldiyev Meirambek
Published: July 2020

The article deals with the concept of valency as a phenomenon lying at the confluence of syntax and lexical semantics. The paper also represents types of valency, directions in which the theory of valency is considered. Valency in the broad sense of the word refers to the capacity of a language unit to enter into communication with other units of a particular order. Objectivity and scientific and practical significance of the theory of valency is determined by the lexical- semantic potential of the word. Semantic valency is based on the logical semes of the word semantics. These semes are consistent with the logical semes of the another word meanings, as a result, the given word demonstrates the combining capability with another word. This is considered to be its semantic valency. We have attempted to identify and investigate a peculiar kind of valency in the Kazakh language. We use the concepts of valency and compatibility as synonyms, but in a number of works they are distinguished.
Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Two Different Surgical Approaches to Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy with Urinary Diversion for Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhang Li-feng , Tang Bowen , Gao Shenglin , Chen Jiasheng , Lu Chao , Wu Xingyu , Mao Weijiang , Zhang Li-feng , Zuo Li
Published: July 2020

Objective: The present study aimed to compare the efficacy, and advantages and disadvantages of
laparoscopic radical cystectomy + extraperitoneal bilateral ureterocutaneostomy versus laparoscopic radical
cystectomy + ileal cystoplasty (Bricker procedure) in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer.
Method: Forty-five patients (retrospectively registered) with grade II–III bladder invasive urothelial
carcinoma were divided into two groups to compare clinical efficacy, operative duration and blood loss,
postoperative intestinal function recovery, length of hospitalization, and complications. Those in the
ureterocutaneostomy group (n=25) were treated using laparoscopic radical cystectomy + extraperitoneal
bilateral ureterocutaneostomy, while those in the ileal cystoplasty group (n=20) were treated using
laparoscopic radical cystectomy + ileal cystoplasty.
Results: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy + extraperitoneal bilateral ureterocutaneostomy shortened the
operation, improved patient tolerance, and decreased postoperative intestinal function recovery time.
However, its long-term clinical efficacy needs further study using larger sample sizes to confirm these
results.
Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrated that extraperitoneal bilateral ureterocutaneostomy after
cystectomy had advantages of less trauma, a shorter learning curve, less surgical bleeding, and quicker
postoperative recovery. Although early and mid-term follow-up revealed a slightly higher incidence of
hydronephrosis, the severity of complications was not high in most patients. Nevertheless, the long-term
clinical efficacy of this procedure needs further study using larger sample sizes.
Utilização de aditivo expansor em sistema solo-estaca para avaliação da influência da área de confinamento
Authors: Zorzi Andrighi Guilherme , Francisco Paz Soares Gilson , Trevizan Pelissaro Deise
Published: July 2020

: Estacas moldadas in loco são amplamente utilizadas na construção civil e são alvo constante de patologias envolvendo perda de resistência lateral durante o processo executivo. Decorrente disso, estudos para o melhoramento da capacidade de carga lateral destas estruturas se mostram relevantes. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar experimentalmente, por meio de protótipos de estacas, se a área de confinamento no entorno de uma estaca escavada, com a presença de um aditivo expansor de argamassa, pode interferir na capacidade de carga da estrutura por atrito lateral. Os resultados mostraram que, para as escalas adotadas, há uma pequena influência do solo confinado no entorno da estaca para variações de diâmetros avaliadas, o que pode significar, em tese, uma tendência de aumento da capacidade de carga das estacas com o aumento do diâmetro, de tal forma que essa melhoria possa ser maior em estacas de tamanho real.
DESENVOLVIMENTO COMO RESULTADO DO CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO E DA DEMOCRACIA: O PAPEL DOS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS DE JUNHO DE 2013
Authors: Martins Marcelo Guerra , Fuller Greice Patrícia
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo trata das principais características institucionais capazes de gerar o desenvolvimento dos países, com destaque para a necessidade de haver, de modo conjunto, estímulos ao crescimento econômico, ao aprimoramento constante da educação e da qualificação do capital humano, à acumulação de conhecimento e tecnologia, à baixa tolerância das pessoas para com a corrupção, devendo a dinâmica social ocorrer sob um ambiente democrático, com livre manifestação de pensamento e crítica. O texto também analisa os movimentos sociais ocorridos em junho de 2013 no Brasil, tidos como um fenômeno possibilitado pela conjuntura própria da atual Sociedade da Informação. Conclui-se que “junho de 2013” inaugurou uma nova maneira de se exercer a cidadania e representou um avanço institucional em direção à aversão generalizada à corrupção de governos e autoridades públicas. Em termos de metodologia, o texto se constitui num estudo teórico (revisão bibliográfica), com abordagem de índole qualitativa e conclusões obtidas pelo método indutivo.
Think Global, Fight Local
Authors: Peterson Terrence G.
Published: July 2020

For many within the French military, the war over Algeria’s independence that raged from 1954 to 1962 appeared global: not an isolated conflict, but one front in a broader subversive war waged by Communist revolutionaries. As historians have long noted, this perspective was inaccurate. For that reason, the social and cultural contexts that defined military practice during the early years of the conflict have not been fully explored. This article argues, however, that these global narratives mattered, and can help historians to trace both how global events shaped military thinking about Algeria and how the war helped forge more concrete transnational connections. As they honed their operational doctrines in Algeria, French military leaders looked abroad: not only to understand the war in Algeria, but to promote their own practices as a universal response to the social upheavals of the era.
Le Rallye Méditerranée-le Cap
Authors: Brown Megan
Published: July 2020

The retired military officers who organized the Rallye Méditerranée-le-Cap, a biennial car race from Algiers to Cape Town, did so to promote Eurafrica. Eurafrica, an idealized geopolitical fusion of the continents, would be a site of European partnership, with the rally literally paving the way. When its wealthy participants first took to the road in 1951, France, Belgium, and Britain administered much of the course. This article argues that the organizers viewed tourism as the best method for upholding European sovereignty in Africa. However, they did not account for new ways of doing empire in the postwar era, most notably the strength of anti-imperial activism and the advent of technologies that did not require direct access to large swathes of land. By the time of the fifth and final rally in 1961, organizers contended with realities they preferred to ignore: newly independent African states and the ongoing Algerian War of Independence.
Características del seguimiento de pacientes asmáticos que consultan por exacerbación en el Departamento de Emergencias de un hospital pediátrico
Authors: Centurión Duarte Mariela , Godoy Sánchez Laura
Published: July 2020

Introducción: El Asma es una de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes en pediatría, caracterizada por episodios recurrentes de sibilancias, disnea, opresión torácica y tos. Tiene un protocolo de tratamiento intercrisis (preventivo) que permite disminuir y controlar síntomas, mantener actividad física y una función pulmonar normal, así como prevenir las exacerbaciones.

Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia del seguimiento y de tratamiento profiláctico de pacientes asmáticos de 6 a 12 años de edad que consultan en el Departamento de Emergencias del Hospital General Pediátrico Niños de Acosta Ñu.

Materiales y Métodos: estudio, observacional, descriptivo transversal, prospectivo. Fueron incluidos niños de 6 a 12 años de edad que consultaron en el Departamento de Emergencias de un Hospital Pediátrico con Diagnóstico de Asma. Se excluyeron pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar de base (EPOC, Fibrosis quística). Muestra probabilística de casos consecutivos. Variables: edad, sexo, procedencia, seguimiento del paciente asmático, causa de falta de seguimiento, Asma en la familia, clasificación de la Crisis de Asma, número de internaciones por Asma, tratamiento profiláctico. Los datos se analizaron en el sistema SPSS v21 utilizando estadística descriptiva. Se consideró un error alfa menor a 5%.

Resultados: 51.9 % eran de sexo femenino, la edad media fue de 8,3±2 años, casi la totalidad provenían de Gran Asunción, más de la mitad de los pacientes tuvieron crisis de asma leve, 48.9% con antecedentes familiares de Asma, 28.6% tenían seguimiento por especialistas y 25.6 % usaban algún tipo de medicación profiláctica. No se observó relación entre medicación profiláctica y número de internaciones.

Conclusión: La cuarta parte de los pacientes tenía seguimiento y algún tipo de medicación profiláctica.

Correspondencia: Laura Godoy

Correo:  legodoys@gmail.com

Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran no poseer conflicto de interés.

Recibido: 26/06/2020 Aceptado:13/07/2020
Evaluation of Financial Management Competencies of School Principals and their Impact on Institutional Development at KP, Pakistan
Authors: Anees-ul-Husnain Shah M. , Ali Asghar , Maqbool M. Adnan
Published: July 2020

The study aimed at finding the impacts of secondary school principals financial management competency on the institutional development. All male and female principals of secondary and higher secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were the population of the study and among them a sample of 200 head teachers including 100 male (40 urban & 60 rural) and 100 females (40 urban & 60 rural) from two conveniently selected districts were selected. Two research instruments; one questionnaire for Principals and a checklist was developed. The data were analyzed through frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation and t-test. Major findings of the study were; majority of the Principals were competent in planning, organizing, and controlling financial matters of their schools except in the tasks of fund raising, and internal audit. Urban Principals were better in planning than rural Principals. It is recommended that rural Principals may be provided training especially about planning financial matters
Determining Achievements Motivation, Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture for Employee Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as Intervening in the Education Depa
Authors: Indriati Desi , Wibisono Chablullah , Indrayani
Published: July 2020

There are problems with the performance of the Riau Islands Province Education Agency Employees. This study uses the judgmental technique (purposive) to get a sample of 122 employees. The results of calculations assisted SPSS version 22 and AMOS (Analysis Moment of Structural) version 24. Square Multiple Correlation whose value is respectively for Performance = 0.828, for Organizational Citizenship Behavior = 0.826. Square Multiple Correlation value for the Performance variable 82.8%. Thus it can be stated that the change in performance is determined by Achievement Motivation, Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior by 82.8%. For Organizational Citizenship Behavior R2 = 82.6%. Thus it can be stated that the change in Organizational Citizenship Behavior is determined by Achievement Motivation, Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture by 82.6%. With this research, the problem of the performance of the Riau Islands Province Education Agency Employees performance has been answered.
Credit Risk and Profitability of Commercial Banks in Pakistan
Authors: Farooq Sohail , Khan Raza Muhammad , Gilal Muhammad Akram
Published: July 2020

Credit risk in the credit portfolio of financial institutions has dented their profitability. This study examines the relationship between credit risk and profitability of commercial banks in Pakistan. For this purpose three performance measuresROA, ROE, and NIM are used by the study. To test the relationship and impact over the period 2006-2015 the study involved 28 commercial banks. During the period under investigation, the findings of the study reveal that credit risk, represented by loan loss provisions, has a meaningful effect on the profitability measures. The findings provide exciting insights into the influence of credit risk, besides other variables in the study, on the selected commercial banks profitability inside Pakistan, for bank managers, and foremost for policymakers. The study also has policy relevance in the form of providing policymakers sufficient evidence related to the presence of credit risk in the loan portfolio of the banking sector and the ways to overcome this chronic problem.
The Conditions and Challenges of the PR Industry in Pakistan in the 21st Century: Practitioners’ Perspective and Perceptions
Authors: Mukhtar Mudassir , Umber Salma , Shah Mudassar Hussain
Published: July 2020

This paper contributes to the professional maturity of the profession by highlighting the problems faced by the practitioners and their professional solutions. The data and analysis are based on structured qualitative interviews of the highest ranked PR (public relation) professionals working as the heads of PR departments in government and private institutions. Practitioners urged to establish Pakistani public relations substructures well-suited with local cultural realities. Practitioners believed that public relations critical role in strengthening democracy in Pakistan to promote democratic traditions and usage of social capital, civil society and public sphere, recognitions of PR as a management function, preparation of a national narrative against terrorism, adoption of new technological advancements, less focusing on internal public and controlling unrealistic boss publicity are the major challenges in the public relations industry in Pakistan.
Analisis Pengaruh Dimensi Kualitas PelayananDan Kepercayaan Terhadap Kepuasan PasienDi RSUD Tongas Kabupaten Probolinggo
Authors: Bahri H.M. Saiful , Yullyta
Published: July 2020

The satisfaction felt by the patient is an indicator of the quality of service in a hospital. The quality of services provided to patients will be compared between expectations and perceived reality so that they arise feeling satisfied or dissatisfied. One important factor in the effort to create satisfaction is to provide good quality service. Quality hospital services means not only felt by patients but also felt by their families, so that patients feel satisfaction and will ultimately be able to increase the confidence of both patients and the patient's family to the hospital.Based on the results of the analysis of influence, both collectively and separately, the dimensions of quality and trust in satisfaction indicate the value of the coefficient Fcount is greater than the value of F table with a significance level smaller than alpha 0.05, indicating that the dimensions of service quality and trust together affect satisfaction patients, while the calculated t coefficient value of each independent variable shows a coefficient that is greater than the value of the t table coefficient with a significance of less than alpha0.05, this means that trust and quality dimensions affect patient satisfaction in Tongas Hospital Probolinggo. Based on the t value of each independent variable shows that direct evidence which has a dominant influence on patient satisfaction.

Keywords:Quality Dimensions, Patient Trust and Satisfaction
Analisis Komparatif Model Altman Z-Score, Springate, Zmijewski Sebagai Alat Ukur Potensi Kebangkrutan
Authors: Hendra Joni , Amani Tatik
Published: July 2020

The study was conducted with the aim to determine the effective measurement of bankruptcy by comparing the Altman (Z-Score), Springate, and Zmijewski methods in the Consumer Goods Industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2016 -2018. This type of research is quantitative, with the variable bankruptcy, Altman (Z-Score), Springate, and Zmijewski. This type of research is quantitative, with the variable bankruptcy, Altman (Z-Score), Springate, and Zmijewski. The population of this study is the Consumer Goods Industry sub-sector food and beverages with sample selection using purposive sampling so that eleven companies are obtained that meet the sample criteria.The results showed that the calculation results from the Altman Z-Score method were supported by the Springate method because most of them showed relatively similar results. As for the Zmijewski method, the calculation results tend to be different from the other two methods. This can be seen from all companies that are in a safe condition, while the Altman and Springate methods, there is one company that has been declared bankrupt for three periods, namely PT Tri Banyan Tirta Tbk.

Keywords:Altman, Springate, Zmijewski, Bankruptcy
Polytrauma – Definition & Management Aspects and Trauma Score?
Authors: Dogjani Agron , Bendo Hysni , Blloshmi Amarildo
Published: July 2020

Introduction: It is defined as "a clinical condition by the action of an external agent causing profound physio-metabolic changes involving several systems simultaneously with life-threatening consequences." In Germany, more than 20 000 people die each year The main cause of M & M & D in childhood and adolescence Responsible for 80% of adolescent deaths Responsible for 60% of child deaths 73% of them caused by AA in the age group of 25-34 years Causes large and social loss -the country's economy

Purpose; Discussion about polytrauma, principles, and their assessment at all levels; during the transport, in the Emergency Department, OR, ICU…Identifying the concepts of the Mortal triad, primary assessment, secondary evaluation ... and the primacy of concepts "Scoope and run" as the foundation of the concepts of ATLS... Examination of the pre-hospital management elements related to the time of the accident, the way of transport, transport time, etc ... the value of "Golden Hour" & "Platinum 10 minutes" as a key element in managing trauma.  Recognition of the pre-hospital and hospital trauma system, and their levels in the most appropriate trauma treatment. How are trauma teams structured? Types of vertical vs. horizontal trauma management, which would be most adapt to our conditions... How much do we know ABCDEFGH ... of the trauma, how, and how deeply we know them and is their implementation possible in the practical activity of any individual or institution ... where the traumatized patient gets the greatest benefit...
Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Reviewed
Authors: PAJAJ Ermira , ALIMEHMETI Ridvan , DASHI Florian , STOJA Aiola , SEFERI Arsen
Published: July 2020

Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (NTOS) is a rare, but controversial syndrome in relation to its diagnosis, treatment modality, and approaches in case of surgical treatment. In the English literature, there are sparse studies dealing with these aspects.

We conducted a PubMed 2000-2017 literature review and found a total of 3953 cases reported with NTOS. The clinical characteristics, etiology, electrophysiological and radiological work-up and treatment options were reviewed and reported.

It seems that, as far as surgical indication criteria are concerned, there is a consensus for NTOS in its motor deficit stage and its techniques are generally well established.

This review showed that differential diagnosis, radiological, and electrophysiological criteria for correct diagnosis of NTOS are not controversial. However, surgical indications and types of approaches and techniques reflect the surgeon’s affiliation with specialties dealing with NTOS (vascular, plastic, hand, orthopedic or neurosurgeons), and the surgeon’s experience with this specific and rare syndrome.
Rib Fracture Fixation, a new Era in Treatment of Chest Trauma in Albania
Authors: ÇAUSHI Fatmir
Published: July 2020

Rib fractures are a consequence of the forces of various arthritis that the chest wall and the thoracic cage itself undergo, and are most often due to closed injuries (eg, motor vehicle collision, falls from height, and Hits with strong objects ..), but penetrating injuries (eg, wounds with sharp tools, gunshot injuries ...) can also result in rib fractures. Non-operative treatment is based on pain control and pulmonary support, which mainly aim to avoid the need for intubation, which is associated with increased levels of pulmonary disorders until death.

For patients who continue to have acute pain or instability of the chest wall (eg, flail chest), each of which impedes pulmonary function despite maximal medical therapy, or those with non-consolidating rib fractures and causing pain in the persistence and impairment of pulmonary function, surgicaly stabilization of fractured ribs, also known as osteosynthesis, are now well-known procedures that improve the quality of treatment of the traumatized patient.

The thoracic wall injury association has been established to better study all aspects related to the consequences, diagnosis and treatment of thoracic wall injuries [1].

Indications for osteosynthesis, patient preparation, operative technique for stabilizing fractured ribs and the results are quite significant.
The bibliographic dictionary of Turkologists of Eurasia. 2nd volume:Turkologists of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan
Authors:   Ege University, Gulsevin Gurer
Published: July 2020

Қазіргі қолданыстағы тілдердің бір бөлігі тек өзі жасайтын аймақтың шеңберінде қарастырылғандықтан, бұл тілдердің филологиясы тар аумақты ғана қамтитын зерттеу саласына айналған. Басқа жағынан үңілсек, кейбір тілдердің тарих барысында түрлі географиялық өңірлердегі әр алуан тілдік және мәдени байланыстар ортасында қалыптасқандығын көре аламыз. Түркі тілі (тürk dili) ең ескі замандардан бері, бір мезгілде Еуразияның бірқатар бөлігінде түрлі тілдермен, мәдениеттермен ықпалдастықта күн кешті; бір жағынан, ол әлгі тілдер мен мәдениеттерді байытса, енді бір жағынан, сол тілдер мен мәдениеттерден керегін ала отырып, биік мәдениет тілі деңгейіне жетті. Қытайша, моңғолша, орысша, арабша, парсыша, грекше, армянша, сербше, албанша, болгарша, французша, немісше, италиянша, ағылшынша секілді әр алуан және кең ауқымды тіл байланыстарына ортақтасқан түркі тілі бұл тілдермен сөз берісіп, сөз алысты. Бұл тұрғыдан алғанда, түркологиялық зерттеулер тек белгілі бір аймақтармен шектелмейді; түркі тілінің мәдени өзара ықпалдастығына кіретін барлық тілдерді қамти отырып, бір шеңбер ішінде жүзеге асырылады. Сондай жағдайда түркология тек түркі тілінің тармақтары қолданылатын елдерді ғана емес, ол тіл тармақтары байланыста болған барлық өңірлерді назарына алатын, үлкен сұранысқа ие ғылым саласы ретінде мойындалады.
Kazakh language in the communicative space: spelling options
Authors:   Institute of Linguisticsnamed after A. Baitursynov, Aldash Aiman
Published: July 2020

The beginning of the XXI century turned out to be important for the development of Kazakh linguistics, the study and new consideration of some theoretical and practical problems that are closely related to the policy of modernizing public consciousness. In this context, one of the primary tasks of Kazakh linguistics is the creation of new spelling rules of the Kazakh language based on new orthological studies, taking into account the peculiarities of the national code. ISSN 2664-5157. Turkic Studies Journal, Number 2, Volume 2, 202025As you know, spelling rules are created as a result of gradually carried out conscious normative activities. Approved about half a century ago, the spelling rules of the Kazakh language are highly codified in literary and spelling norms.In recent years, in the written communicative space there has been an increase in the so-called “Spelling democratization”, caused mainly by extralinguistic factors such as the fixation of spoken language in writing, the desire to use various variants of outdated and dialectic vocabulary in order to preserve the vitality of the Kazakh language, the wide participation in written communication of various members of society, and also to some extent neglect of established spelling norms, etc. Thus, new spelling variations and rules appear. The article explores updated versions of Kazakh spelling standards, analyzes various options for writing in the framework of spelling innovations recorded in the written communication space.
关于幼儿音乐游戏教育问题的探讨
Authors: 魏 艳敏
Published: July 2020

音乐能让孩子们体验到什么是快乐,什么是悲伤,什么是高兴,什么是愤怒,从而丰富了幼儿们的情感、美感,也为幼儿们的以后生活奠定了基础。在幼儿音乐教育中如何根据幼儿的心理及生理特点培养幼儿的音乐兴趣,培养幼儿对音乐的感受力、表现力及创造力是非常重要的。基于此,文章就幼儿音乐游戏教育问题进行了探讨。