bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fermented Gold Kiwi for Improved Gastric Health: Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety in a Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Shin Seon Mi , Youn Sang Jun , Choi Yong , Kim Bong Min , Lee Na Young , Oh Hyun Jeong , Kwon Hyuck Se , Ko Heung
Published: August 2024

This randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of fermented gold kiwi (FGK) in improving gastrointestinal health. A total of 100 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to treatment or placebo groups. Over 8 weeks, the participants consumed an FGK or placebo preparation daily. Primary outcomes included changes in gastrointestinal symptoms assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and the Korean version of the Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI-K), as well as quality of life assessed using the Functional Dyspepsia-related Quality of Life questionnaire. The FGK group showed significant improvements in GSRS and NDI-K total and subdomain scores compared with the placebo group. Moreover, the quality of life scores were significantly better in the FGK group than in the placebo group. Safety evaluations revealed no significant adverse events or clinically meaningful changes upon assessing laboratory test results. This study demonstrated that FGK is a safe and effective dietary supplement for improving gastrointestinal health in adults with gastrointestinal symptoms.
Skeletal Muscle, Skin, and Bone as Three Major Nitrate Reservoirs in Mammals: Chemiluminescence and 15N-Tracer Studies in Yorkshire Pigs
Authors: Piknova Barbora , Park Ji Won , Tunau-Spencer Khalid J. , Jenkins Audrey , Hellinga David G. , Walter Peter J. , Cai Hongyi , Schechter Alan N.
Published: August 2024

In mammals, nitric oxide (NO) is generated either by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes from arginine or by the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by tissue xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and the microbiome and further reducing nitrite to NO by XOR or several heme proteins. Previously, we reported that skeletal muscle acts as a large nitrate reservoir in mammals, and this nitrate reservoir is systemically, as well as locally, used to generate nitrite and NO. Here, we report identifying two additional nitrate storage organs—bone and skin. We used bolus of ingested 15N-labeled nitrate to trace its short-term fluxes and distribution among organs. At baseline conditions, the nitrate concentration in femur bone samples was 96 ± 63 nmol/g, scalp skin 56 ± 22 nmol/g, with gluteus muscle at 57 ± 39 nmol/g. In comparison, plasma and liver contained 34 ± 19 nmol/g and 15 ± 5 nmol/g of nitrate, respectively. Three hours after 15N-nitrate ingestion, its concentration significantly increased in all organs, exceeding the baseline levels in plasma, skin, bone, skeletal muscle, and in liver 5-, 2.4-, 2.4-, 2.1-, and 2-fold, respectively. As expected, nitrate reduction into nitrite was highest in liver but also substantial in skin and skeletal muscle, followed by the distribution of 15N-labeled nitrite. We believe that these results underline the major roles played by skeletal muscle, skin, and bone, the three largest organs in mammals, in maintaining NO homeostasis, especially via the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway.
Target Values for 25-Hydroxy and 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D Based on Their Associations with Inflammation and Calcium-Phosphate Metabolism
Authors: Li Xitong , Liu Yvonne , Chen Xin , Reichetzeder Christoph , Elitok Saban , Krämer Bernhard K. , Hocher Berthold
Published: August 2024

Target values for 25-hydroxy vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D remain a topic of debate among clinicians. We analysed data collected from December 2012 to April 2020 from two cohorts. Cohort A, comprising 455,062 subjects, was used to investigate the relationship between inflammatory indicators (white blood cell [WBC] count and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)2D. Cohort B, including 47,778 subjects, was used to investigate the connection between 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)2D and mineral metabolism markers (phosphate, calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH]). Quadratic models fit best for all tested correlations, revealing U-shaped relationships between inflammatory indicators and 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D. Minimal CRP and WBC counts were observed at 1,25(OH)2D levels of 60 pg/mL and at 25(OH)D levels of 32 ng/mL, as well as of 42 ng/mL, respectively. iPTH correlated inversely with both 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D, while phosphate as well as calcium levels positively correlated with both vitamin D forms. Calcium-phosphate product increased sharply when 25(OH)D was more than 50 ng/mL, indicating a possible risk for vascular calcification. Multiple regression analyses confirmed that these correlations were independent of confounders. This study suggests target values for 25(OH)D between 30–50 ng/mL and for 1,25(OH)2D between 50–70 pg/mL, based particularly on their associations with inflammation but also with mineral metabolism markers. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion around ideal levels of vitamin D but require support from independent studies with data on clinical endpoints.
Nurses’ Protests during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative International Analysis
Authors: Jacobi Davina , Ide Tobias
Published: August 2024

Nurses play key roles in dealing with pandemics yet are often conceived solely as “technical” experts without political agency. This study conducts the first global comparative analysis of COVID-19-related protests of nurses and other frontline health workers, with a focus on the first 18 months of the pandemic. We draw on quantitative and qualitative data on nurses’ protests and protest drivers. Results show that such protests were widespread: We identify 3515 events in 90 countries, with several regional hotspots existing. The most common reasons for protests were poor working conditions and insufficient workplace safety, followed by wider social issues like poverty and racism. For most of the time period under consideration, protests demanding access to vaccinations (a rarely explored phenomenon) were more widespread than anti-vaccination events. Protest frequency was highest in countries with high COVID-19-related mortality rates, high levels of human development, and strong social movements at the onset of the pandemic. Recognising the key role of nurses as political actors would help to improve health policies and to maintain a capable healthcare workforce, particularly during acute crises like pandemics.
Beta vulgaris Betalains Mitigate Parasitemia and Brain Oxidative Stress Induced by Plasmodium berghei in Mice
Authors: Khan Samar A. , Alsulami Muslimah N. , Alsehimi Atif A. , Alzahrani Majed S. , Mosule Dina A. , Albohiri Haleema H.
Published: August 2024

Although many drugs have been discovered to treat malaria infection, many of them face resistance from the host’s body with long-term use. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the activity of betalains (from Beta vulgaris) and chloroquine (a reference drug) against brain oxidative stress induced by Plasmodium berghei in male mice. Two protocols were applied in this study: the therapeutic and prophylactic protocols. The results of the therapeutic protocol revealed a significant decrease in the level of parasitemia caused by P. berghei. Additionally, the histopathological changes in various brain regions were markedly improved after treatment with betalains. Regarding the prophylactic protocol, betalains were able to protect the brain tissues from oxidative stress, inflammation, and disrupted neurotransmitters expected to occur as a result of infection by P. berghei. This was demonstrated by modulating the activities of brain antioxidants (SOD and GSH), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, and INF-γ), and neurotransmitters (serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine). This study has proven that using betalains as a treatment or as a preventive has a vital and effective role in confronting the brain histopathological, oxidative stress, and inflammatory changes induced by P. berghei infection.
Risperidone Pellets, Pycnogenol®, and Glucomannan Gummy Formulation for Managing Weight Gain and ADHD in Autistic Children
Authors: Daghmash Rawand M. , Khanfar Mai S. , Darweesh Ruba S.
Published: August 2024

Gummy formulations are defined as gradually or slowly released solid oral dosage forms. Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and autism-related irritability. This study presents the development of visually appealing, patient-tailored medicated gummies that act as a novel pharmaceutical form of Risperidone for pediatrics. In this study, two gummy bases were used, one containing Glucomannan and the other containing Gelatin as a gelling agent, where these gummy bases were loaded with coated Risperidone pellets with a controlled release layer. The final products were evaluated for their pH, viscosity, content uniformity, drug content, and dissolution profile. Both formulas showed proper rheology and met content and weight uniformity standards. The release rates for F1 and F2 in the acidic media were 25% and 11%, respectively, after 2 h. At the same time, a full-release profile for Risperidone was noticed in both formulae at pH 6.8 where the release lasts for 24 h. It can be concluded that the chewable semi-solid dosages (gummies) filled with coated pellets are suitable for pediatric patients since pediatrics have drug-related problems which can be solved using high gastro-resistance coated pellets, which also shows a proper release profile for the drug.
Antioxidant Activity and UHPLC-MS/MS Characterization of Polyphenol and Nicotine Content in Nicotiana Glauca Leaf Extracts: A Comparative Study of Conventional and Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction Methods
Authors: Issa Reem , Al-Akayleh Faisal , Alnsour Lilian , Al-Sammarraie Tabarak R. , Omari Khaled W. , Awwad Shady H.
Published: August 2024

The leaves of Nicotiana glauca (N. glauca; Solanaceae) plant are a known, major human health concern. This study investigated the antioxidant activity and polyphenols composition of aerial parts of N. glauca collected from its wild habitat in Jordan, using Methanol-Conventional (MC) and deep eutectic solvents (DES) extraction methods in addition to nicotine content determination using UHPLC. Our results showed that the MC extract contains fewer total phenols and flavonoid content than the 90% DES extract, (0.1194 ± 0.009 and 0.311 ± 0.020 mg/mL equivalent to gallic acid) and (0.01084 ± 0.005 and 0.928 ± 0.09 mg/mL equivalent to rutin), respectively. Moreover, this study showed that the prepared MC extract contain 635.07 ppm nicotine, while the 90% DES extract contain 1194.91 ppm nicotine. Extracts prepared using the MC and the DES methods exhibited weak antioxidant activities; the highest was a 33% inhibition rate (equivalent to ascorbic acid), obtained by the 90% DES extract,. The performed UHPLC-MS/MS analysis in this study also revealed the presence of variations in the detected compounds between the two extraction methods. Furthermore, this study found that environmentally friendly DES extraction of N. glauca produced higher phenol and flavonoid content than the MC method; this highlights the superior efficiency and environmental benefits of sustainable chemistry methods for extracting valuable phytoconstituents.
Tissue Culture Innovations for Propagation and Conservation of Myrteae—A Globally Important Myrtaceae Tribe
Authors: Bao Jingyin , O’Donohue Billy , Sommerville Karen D. , Mitter Neena , O’Brien Chris , Hayward Alice
Published: August 2024

Myrteae is the most species-rich tribe in the Myrtaceae family, represented by a range of socioeconomically and ecologically significant species. Many of these species, including commercially relevant ones, have become increasingly threatened in the wild, and now require conservation actions. Tissue culture presents an appropriate in vitro tool to facilitate medium-term and long-term wild germplasm conservation, as well as for commercial propagation to maintain desirable traits of commercial cultivars. So far, tissue culture has not been extensively achieved for Myrteae. Here, tissue culture for Eugenia, one of the most species-rich genera in Myrteae, is reviewed, giving directions for other related Myrteae. This review also focuses on ex situ conservation of Australian Myrteae, including using seed banking and field banking. Despite some progress, challenges to conserve these species remain, mostly due to the increasing threats in the wild and limited research. Research into in vitro methods (tissue culture and cryopreservation) is paramount given that at least some of the species are ‘non-orthodox’. There is an urgent need to develop long-term in vitro conservation for capturing the remaining germplasm of threatened Myrteae.
Effect of Organic Manure on Crop Yield, Soil Properties, and Economic Benefit in Wheat-Maize-Sunflower Rotation System, Hetao Irrigation District
Authors: Zhao Na , Ma Jun , Wu Linmei , Li Xiaohong , Xu Hongwei , Zhang Jun , Wang Xiquan , Wang Yongqiang , Bai Lanfang , Wang Zhigang
Published: August 2024

The combined application of manure and mineral fertilizer represents an effective strategy for enhancing crop yield. However, the relationship between soil fertility and crop yield remains unclear in saline-alkaline soil. Here, a 9-year field experiment (2015–2023) was conducted to investigate the effects of manure application and crop rotations on crop yield and economic efficiency as well as potential associated mechanisms in the Hetao Irrigation District. The results showed that in the third cropping rotation cycle, combined application of manure and mineral fertilizers (NPKO) caused a 6.2%, 38.9%, 65.3%, and 132.2% increase in wheat, sunflower, wheat equivalent yield, and the economic income of sunflower, respectively. The average grain yield had a positive correlation with soil organic matter and nutrient supply. This suggested that the soil organic matter had a positive effect on the crop yield due to its impact on nutrient supply. Simultaneously, the sunflower seed setting rate increased by 65.2% under NPKO. The linear regression model revealed that each additional input of 20 Mg ha−1 of manure resulted in an increase of 3.56 kg ha−1 in crop phosphorus harvest and a 0.05 Kg ha−1 increase in wheat equivalent yield compared to NPK. In conclusion, our results highlighted that manure application promotes soil properties and improves crop yield.
Influence of Fruit Load Regulation on Harvest and Postharvest Fruit Quality and Antioxidant-Related Parameters in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) cv. Regina Cultivated under Plastic Covers in Southern Chile
Authors: González-Villagra Jorge , Palacios-Peralta Cristóbal , Muñoz-Alarcón Ariel , Reyes-Díaz Marjorie , Osorio Pamela , Ribera-Fonseca Alejandra
Published: August 2024

Plastic covers have been used to prevent environmental constraints negatively affecting sweet cherry production in Southern Chile. However, less information is available on agronomic practices and their effects on fruit quality in sweet cherry covered orchards. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the impact of fruit load regulation on cherries’ antioxidant-related parameters and the quality and condition at harvest and postharvest in sweet cherry (Prunus avium) cv. Regina that was cultivated under a plastic cover in Southern Chile. For this, four fruit load treatments were manually applied—(i) 100% fruit load (the control), (ii) 80% fruit load, (iii) 60% fruit load, and (iv) 40% fruit load—in a commercial sweet cherry orchard for two seasons (2021/2022 and 2022/2023). The results revealed that the yield and fruit load were not significantly different between the treatments. Interestingly, the 60% and 40% fruit loads increased the fresh weight, fruit size, and firmness (20.3%) compared to the control (the 100% fruit load) during both seasons. Likewise, the 60% and 40% fruit load treatments exhibited the highest fruit size distribution of 30 mm, while the 100 and 80% fruit load treatments showed the highest fruit distribution with fruit sizes between 28 mm and 24 mm. The total soluble solids (TSSs) did not vary among the fruit load treatments, while a significant increase was found in the titratable acidity (TA) in the 60 and 40% fruit load treatments during both seasons. No significant differences in antioxidant activity (AA) and total phenols (TPHs) among the treatments were observed during both seasons. Overall, the results revealed that the fruit load treatments, mainly 40%, increased the fruit weight and firmness and reduced pitting in fruits by 39.4% at postharvest. Thus, fruit thinning might be an important agronomical practice to regulate fruit load, positively affecting fruit quality at harvest and during postharvest storage in sweet cherry cv. Regina cultivated under a plastic cover. However, more biochemical and molecular studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism involved in this improvement.
Can Functional Micro-organisms Associated with Pumpkin Sizes Be Sought Out from the Soil?—A Comparison of Soil Microbial Community Structures in Rhizospheres between Giant- and Small-Sized Pumpkin Varieties
Authors: Zhu Yu , Zhou Xinyan , Li Jiaoming , Feng Junqian , Huang Ziyue , Chen Baoling , Liu Wenjun , Yang Shangdong
Published: August 2024

To elucidate the biological mechanisms driving the growth of various pumpkin varieties to different sizes under identical management conditions while in the same field, the soil microbial community structures in the rhizospheres of giant-pumpkin (GP) and small-pumpkin (SP) varieties were analyzed. The results revealed that a significantly higher abundance of bacterial communities could be detected in the rhizospheres of the giant pumpkin varieties, such as Gemmatimonadota, norank__f__norank__o_Gaiellales, norank__f__Gemmatimonadaceae, Bryobacter, Sphingomonas, norank__f__JG30-KF-AS9, and norank__f__norank__o___Elsterales, than in those of the small-sized pumpkins. Additionally, norank_f__norank_o__Elsterale, Ellin6067, norank_f__67-14, and Chujaibacter were unique dominant soil bacteria genera in the rhizospheres of the giant pumpkins. By contrast, Arthrobacter, norank_f__Roseiflexaceae, unclassified_f__Rhizobiaceae, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Nocardioides, Mycobacterium, norank_f__norank_o__Vicinamibacterales, and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia were the unique dominant soil bacterial genera in the rhizospheres of the small pumpkins. Moreover, at the fungal genus level, unclassified_c__Chytridiomycetes, Podosphaera, and Colletotrichum presented significant differences between the giant-pumpkin (GP) and small-pumpkin (SP) rhizospheres. In addition, unclassified__p__Rozellomycota, unclassified__c__Chytridiomycetes, Penicillium, and unclassified__f__Chaetomiaceae were unique dominant soil fungal genera in the rhizospheres of the giant pumpkins (GPs). By contrast, Podosphaera, Colletotrichum, unclassified__f__Plectosphaerellaceae, unclassified__o_Boletales, Scytalidium, unclassified__p__Rozellomycota, and unclassified__o_Agaricales were the unique dominant soil fungal genera in the rhizospheres of the small pumpkins (SPs). PICRUSt and FUNGuild functional prediction analyses revealed that the giant-pumpkin rhizosphere microbial community had significantly increased translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, nucleotide transport and metabolism, defense mechanisms, replication, recombination and repair, wood saprotroph, and undefined saprotroph levels. The above results suggest that the soil microbial compositions differed between the rhizospheres of the giant- (GP) and small-pumpkin (SP) varieties, even though the plants were grown in the same field under identical management conditions. Meanwhile, bacterial genera such as norank_f__norank_o__Elsterale, Ellin6067, norank_f__67-14, and Chujaibacter, in addition to fungal genera such as unclassified__p__Rozellomycota, unclassified__c__Chytridiomycetes, Penicillium, and unclassified__f__Chaetomiaceae, can be speculated as potential soil functional micro-organisms associated with improved pumpkin size.
FaNPR3 Members of the NPR1-like Gene Family Negatively Modulate Strawberry Fruit Resistance against Colletotrichum acutatum
Authors: Súnico Victoria , Higuera José Javier , Amil-Ruiz Francisco , Arjona-Girona Isabel , López-Herrera Carlos J. , Muñoz-Blanco Juan , Maldonado-Alconada Ana María , Caballero José L.
Published: August 2024

Strawberry fruit is highly appreciated worldwide for its organoleptic and healthy properties. However, this plant is attacked by many pathogenic fungi, which significantly affect fruit production and quality at pre- and post-harvest stages, making chemical applications the most effective but undesirable strategy to control diseases that has been found so far. Alternatively, genetic manipulation, employing plant key genes involved in defense, such as members of the NPR-like gene family, has been successful in many crops to improve resistance. The identification and use of the endogenous counterpart genes in the plant of interest (as it is the case of strawberry) is desirable as it would increase the favorable outcome and requires prior knowledge of their defense-related function. Using RNAi technology in strawberry, transient silencing of Fragaria ananassa NPR3 members in fruit significantly reduced tissue damage after Colletotrichum acutatum infection, whereas the ectopic expression of either FaNPR3.1 or FaNPR3.2 did not have an apparent effect. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of FaNPR3.2 in Arabidopsis thaliana double-mutant npr3npr4 reverted the disease resistance phenotype to Pseudomonas syringe to wild-type levels. Therefore, the results revealed that members of the strawberry FaNPR3 clade negatively regulate the defense response to pathogens, as do their Arabidopsis AtNPR3/AtNPR4 orthologs. Also, evidence was found showing that FaNPR3 members act in strawberry (F. ananassa) as positive regulators of WRKY genes, FaWRKY19 and FaWRKY24; additionally, in Arabidopsis, FaNPR3.2 negatively regulates its orthologous genes AtNPR3/AtNPR4. We report for the first time the functional characterization of FaNPR3 members in F. ananassa, which provides a relevant molecular basis for the improvement of resistance in this species through new breeding technologies.
First Report and Molecular Characterization of Umbra-like Virus on Ficus carica Caprifig Trees in Crimea
Authors: Motsar Elena , Sheveleva Anna , Sharko Fedor , Mitrofanova Irina , Chirkov Sergei
Published: August 2024

Fig mosaic is the most serious viral disease affecting figs. A fig germplasm collection from the Nikita Botanical Garden on the Crimean Peninsula was surveyed for viruses using high-throughput sequencing and RT-PCR with primers specific to known fig viruses. Reads related to fig umbra-like virus (FULV) were generated in samples from Ficus carica caprifig (pollinator) trees of the cultivar Belle dure. F. carica trees of other cultivars, as well as F. afghanistanica, F. palmata, and F. virgata trees, tested negative for FULV. Near-complete genomes of five Crimean fig umbra-like virus (FULV-CR) isolates shared 99.4% to 99.9% identity and were most closely related (85.2% identity) to the Hawaiian FULV isolate Oahu1 (MW480892). Based on their genome structure and a phylogenetic analysis, the FULV-CR isolates were determined to be dicot-infecting Class 2 umbra-like viruses and seem to be highly divergent forms of the same virus found recently in Hawaii, USA. This is the first report of an umbra-like virus found on figs in Crimea and outside of Hawaii, expanding information on the geographical distribution and genetic diversity of FULV. All of the Crimean FULV-positive plants were also co-infected with fig mosaic virus, fig badnavirus 1, and grapevine badna FI virus.
A Wearable Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Integrated with a Copper Benzene-1,3,5-Tricarboxylate Metal-Organic Framework for the On-Body Monitoring of Cortisol in Sweat
Authors: Tang Pingping , He Feiyu
Published: August 2024

Owing to their potential to transform traditional medical diagnostics and health monitoring, wearable biosensors have become an alternative evolutionary technology in the field of medical care. However, it is still necessary to overcome some key technique challenges, such as the selectivity, sensitivity, and stability of biometric identification. Herein, a novel, wearable electrochemical sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) integrated with a copper benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate metal–organic framework (MOF) was designed for the detection of stress through the on-body monitoring of cortisol in sweat. The MOF was used as the substrate for MIP deposition to enhance the stability and sensitivity of the sensor. The sensor consisted of two layers, with a microfluidic layer as the top layer for spontaneous sweating and a modified electrode as the bottom layer for sensing. The sensor measured cortisol levels by detecting the current change that occurred when the target molecules bound to the imprinted cavities, using Prussian blue nanoparticles embedded in the MIP framework as the REDOX probe. The proposed sensor exhibited a linear detection range of 0.01–1000 nM with a detection limit of 0.0027 nM, and favorable specificity over other analogies. This facile anti-body free sensor showed excellent stability, and can be successfully applied for in situ cortisol monitoring.
Investigation of the Geological, Mineralogical, and Geochemical Contents of the Sedimentary Fills in the Northern Area of the Quaternary-Aged Bor Basin (Niğde/Turkey): Implications for Sediment Source and Paleoclimates
Authors: Sahinoglu Alperen , Gürel Ali
Published: August 2024

In the northern part of the Niğde (Central Anatolian) Quaternary Bor Basin, stratigraphic sections P1 and P2 were sampled, reaching depths of 11 m and 25 m. The samples were analyzed with thin-section, XRD, and chemical analyses (ICP-MS) to determine their chemical and mineralogical properties. In the study area, partially lithified volcano-sedimentary rocks comprised paleosol, calcrete, gravel, sand, silt, mud, clay, and volcanoclastics such as pumice fall-out. Grain size analyses from the Zengen (P1) and Altunhisar (P2) regions showed very poor sorting and strong positive skewness. The Zengen-area (P1) samples contained rock fragments, calcite, quartz, opal-CT, feldspar, amphibole, pyroxene, biotite, and clay minerals such as smectite, chlorite, illite, palygorskite, and sepiolite. In calcrete zones, however, the amounts of CaO increased, whereas significant decreases in the amounts of SiO2 were observed. Therefore, a negative correlation between SiO2 and CaO was observed. The vertical distributions and behaviors of trace elements in the Zengen-area profile showed variation with the different levels of the P1 section. It is thought that in the Bor Plain, after 17,000 years ago, no lacustrine phase reached a level above the periglacial lake level in the region, reaching this level with the melting of the ice sheets in the area. During the late glacial period, shallow freshwater lacustrine phases and paleosols were identified from 12,500 to 11,000 yr BP in the basin.
CPR-Induced Life-Threatening Hemothorax in a Rescue PCI Patient: Case Report and Brief Challenges of Regional Centers
Authors: Thanabalasingam Vaikunthan , Tan Clement , Sella Kapu Chaminda , Higgins Mark Daniel , Zhang Zhihua
Published: August 2024

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed in cardiac arrests. There exist life support guidelines for individuals in performing effective CPR. CPR-related bleeding and hemothoraces are rare. Intercostal artery rupture leading up to shock and respiratory compromise in such situations is rare. Here, we present a unique case with a management dilemma while discussing challenges and guidance to regional centers. Case presentation: A 49-year-old Caucasian male experienced an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest which required bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation from a colleague prior to commencement of lysis protocol at the local hospital. Transfer was later arranged to the nearest cardiac catheterization laboratory where a rescue percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in the left anterior descending artery that required strict dual antiplatelet use. Beneath the shroud of these events was a life-threatening right-sided hemothorax from rupture of intercostal arteries that occurred during initial resuscitation. Astute recognition of this post-percutaneous coronary intervention resulted in eventual transfer of the patient to a tertiary center where the source and the collection of the bleed was addressed. The patient’s took a great trajectory to improvement. Conclusions: A regional center poses many challenges and limitations. Massive bleeding from intercostal arteries leading to hemorrhagic shock and respiratory compromise from an expanding hemothorax post-CPR is rare. Post-percutaneous coronary intervention use of dual antiplatelets posed a management dilemma that prompted assistance from tertiary counterparts. Clinicians should be astute and quick in assessing and providing care.
Defect Detection of GFRP Composites through Long Pulse Thermography Using an Uncooled Microbolometer Infrared Camera
Authors: Anwar Murniwati , Mustapha Faizal , Abdullah Mohd Na’im , Mustapha Mazli , Sallih Nabihah , Ahmad Azlan , Mat Daud Siti Zubaidah
Published: August 2024

The detection of impact and depth defects in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites has been extensively studied to develop effective, reliable, and cost-efficient assessment methods through various Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques. Challenges in detecting these defects arise from varying responses based on the geometrical shape, thickness, and defect types. Long Pulse Thermography (LPT), utilizing an uncooled microbolometer and a low-resolution infrared (IR) camera, presents a promising solution for detecting both depth and impact defects in GFRP materials with a single setup and minimal tools at an economical cost. Despite its potential, the application of LPT has been limited due to susceptibility to noise from environmental radiation and reflections, leading to blurry images. This study focuses on optimizing LPT parameters to achieve accurate defect detection. Specifically, we investigated 11 flat-bottom hole (FBH) depth defects and impact defects ranging from 8 J to 15 J in GFRP materials. The key parameters examined include the environmental temperature, background reflection, background color reflection, and surface emissivity. Additionally, we employed image processing techniques to classify composite defects and automatically highlight defective areas. The Tanimoto Criterion (TC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of LPT both for raw images and post-processed images. The results demonstrate that through parameter optimization, the depth defects in GFRP materials were successfully detected. The TC success rate reached 0.91 for detecting FBH depth defects in raw images, which improved significantly after post-processing using Canny edge detection and Hough circle detection algorithms. This study underscores the potential of optimized LPT as a cost-effective and reliable method for detecting defects in GFRP composites.
Performance Characterization of an Illumination-Based Low-Cost Multispectral Camera
Authors: van Hoorn Hedde , Schraven Angel , van Dam Hugo , Meijer Joshua , Sillé Roman , Lock Arjan , van den Berg Steven
Published: August 2024

Spectral imaging has many applications, from methane detection using satellites to disease detection on crops. However, spectral cameras remain a costly solution ranging from 10 thousand to 100 thousand euros for the hardware alone. Here, we present a low-cost multispectral camera (LC-MSC) with 64 LEDs in eight different colors and a monochrome camera with a hardware cost of 340 euros. Our prototype reproduces spectra accurately when compared to a reference spectrometer to within the spectral width of the LEDs used and the ±1σ variation over the surface of ceramic reference tiles. The mean absolute difference in reflectance is an overestimate of 0.03 for the LC-MSC as compared to a spectrometer, due to the spectral shape of the tiles. In environmental light levels of 0.5 W m−2 (bright artificial indoor lighting) our approach shows an increase in noise, but still faithfully reproduces discrete reflectance spectra over 400 nm–1000 nm. Our approach is limited in its application by LED bandwidth and availability of specific LED wavelengths. However, unlike with conventional spectral cameras, the pixel pitch of the camera itself is not limited, providing higher image resolution than typical high-end multi- and hyperspectral cameras. For sample conditions where LED illumination bands provide suitable spectral information, our LC-MSC is an interesting low-cost alternative approach to spectral imaging.
A Complex Environmental Water-Level Detection Method Based on Improved YOLOv5m
Authors: Li Jiadong , Tong Chunya , Yuan Hongxing , Huang Wennan
Published: August 2024

The existing methods for water-level recognition often suffer from inaccurate readings in complex environments, which limits their practicality and reliability. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that combines an improved version of the YOLOv5m model with contextual knowledge for water-level identification. We employ the adaptive threshold Canny operator and Hough transform for skew detection and correction of water-level images. The improved YOLOv5m model is employed to extract the water-level gauge from the input image, followed by refinement of the segmentation results using contextual priors. Additionally, we utilize a linear regression model to predict the water-level value based on the pixel height of the water-level gauge. Extensive experiments conducted in real-world environments encompassing daytime, nighttime, occlusion, and lighting variations demonstrate that our proposed method achieves an average error of less than 2 cm.
Fast-Activated Minimal Gated Unit: Lightweight Processing and Feature Recognition for Multiple Mechanical Impact Signals
Authors: Wang Wenrui , Han Dong , Duan Xinyi , Yong Yaxin , Wu Zhengqing , Ma Xiang , Zhang He , Dai Keren
Published: August 2024

Multiple dynamic impact signals are widely used in a variety of engineering scenarios and are difficult to identify accurately and quickly due to the signal adhesion phenomenon caused by nonlinear interference. To address this problem, an intelligent algorithm combining wavelet transforms with lightweight neural networks is proposed. First, the features of multiple impact signals are analyzed by establishing a transfer model for multiple impacts in multibody dynamical systems, and interference is suppressed using wavelet transformation. Second, a lightweight neural network, i.e., fast-activated minimal gated unit (FMGU), is elaborated for multiple impact signals, which can reduce computational complexity and improve real-time performance. Third, the experimental results show that the proposed method maintains excellent feature recognition results compared to gate recurrent unit (GRU) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks under all test datasets with varying impact speeds, while its metrics for computational complexity are 50% lower than those of the GRU and LSTM. Therefore, the proposed method is of great practical value for weak hardware application platforms that require the accurate identification of multiple dynamic impact signals in real time.
A Comprehensive Survey on Visual Perception Methods for Intelligent Inspection of High Dam Hubs
Authors: Peng Zhangjun , Li Li , Liu Daoguang , Zhou Shuai , Liu Zhigui
Published: August 2024

There are many high dam hubs in the world, and the regular inspection of high dams is a critical task for ensuring their safe operation. Traditional manual inspection methods pose challenges related to the complexity of the on-site environment, the heavy inspection workload, and the difficulty in manually observing inspection points, which often result in low efficiency and errors related to the influence of subjective factors. Therefore, the introduction of intelligent inspection technology in this context is urgently necessary. With the development of UAVs, computer vision, artificial intelligence, and other technologies, the intelligent inspection of high dams based on visual perception has become possible, and related research has received extensive attention. This article summarizes the contents of high dam safety inspections and reviews recent studies on visual perception techniques in the context of intelligent inspections. First, this article categorizes image enhancement methods into those based on histogram equalization, Retinex, and deep learning. Representative methods and their characteristics are elaborated for each category, and the associated development trends are analyzed. Second, this article systematically enumerates the principal achievements of defect and obstacle perception methods, focusing on those based on traditional image processing and machine learning approaches, and outlines the main techniques and characteristics. Additionally, this article analyzes the principal methods for damage quantification based on visual perception. Finally, the major issues related to applying visual perception techniques for the intelligent safety inspection of high dams are summarized and future research directions are proposed.
An ADPLL-Based GFSK Modulator with Two-Point Modulation for IoT Applications
Authors: Kim Nam-Seog
Published: August 2024

To establish ubiquitous and energy-efficient wireless sensor networks (WSNs), short-range Internet of Things (IoT) devices require Bluetooth low energy (BLE) technology, which functions at 2.4 GHz. This study presents a novel approach as follows: a fully integrated all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL)-based Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK) modulator incorporating two-point modulation (TPM). The modulator aims to enhance the efficiency of BLE communication in these networks. The design includes a time-to-digital converter (TDC) with the following three key features to improve linearity and time resolution: fast settling time, low dropout regulators (LDOs) that adapt to process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations, and interpolation assisted by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). It features a digital controlled oscillator (DCO) with two key enhancements as follows: ΔΣ modulator dithering and hierarchical capacitive banks, which expand the frequency tuning range and improve linearity, and an integrated, fast-converging least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm for DCO gain calibration, which ensures compliance with BLE 5.0 stable modulation index (SMI) requirements. Implemented in a 28 nm CMOS process, occupying an active area of 0.33 mm2, the modulator demonstrates a wide frequency tuning range of from 2.21 to 2.58 GHz, in-band phase noise of −102.1 dBc/Hz, and FSK error of 1.42% while consuming 1.6 mW.
Antioxidant Activity of the Medicinal Plant Urtica dioica L.: Extraction Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology and Protective Role in Red Blood Cells
Authors: Suli Aleksja , Papadaki Eugenia
Published: August 2024

Free radicals are highly reactive compounds that lead to the onset of a variety of serious health conditions, known as “oxidative stress”. Antioxidants, on the other hand, act as defense mechanisms to fight the accumulation of free radicals and maintain cell homeostasis. Urtica dioica L. is a medicinal plant with unique antioxidant properties, mainly attributable to the presence of polar phenolic compounds. This study aimed to optimize the combination of determinant factors toward the maximum extraction of antioxidants from U. dioica L. Furthermore, it investigated the protective role of the extract on red blood cells that were exposed to oxidative stress. The extraction optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology and the in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract was determined with Folin–Ciocalteu, FRAP, and DPPH assays. Based on the results, the highest value of antioxidant activity and polar phenolic compounds was recorded using 34% (v/v) ethanol as a solvent in an ultrasonic process carried out at 42 °C for 87 min. In addition, UV–Vis spectrum of the extract revealed the presence of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and flavonoid glycosides. This study also provided insight into the in vitro protective effect of the plant extract on red blood cells morphology under oxidative stress conditions. The findings highlighted the good predictability of the extraction model and the potential role of the extract as an antioxidant product.
China, Greece, and Economic Relations in Southeast Europe: A Political Economy Approach
Authors: Maris Georgios , Kalaitzidis Ioannis
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates China’s regional role in Southeastern Europe by examining the economic strategy of neo-mercantilism using Greece as a case study. In doing so, this paper will make use of the strategy of neo-mercantilism as part of the broader theory of regional powers pursuing broader geostrategic goals. How has the strategic partnership between China and Greece evolved in recent years, and what are China’s primary objectives in Greece under the neo-mercantilism? China has intentionally sought to expand its influence in Southeastern Europe by cultivating a strategic partnership with Greece, while avoiding challenging the influence of other powers in the area. The economic turmoil in Greece over the past decade created a favorable environment for attracting Chinese FDI. China’s principal focus in developing its strategic partnership with Greece is to increase FDI as a means of achieving its economic goals and other political goals with tangible results related to China’s support in issues mainly concerning the country’s applied foreign policy.
Estuaries in Northern Spain: An Analysis of Their Sedimentation Rates
Authors: Bonachea Jaime , Remondo Juan , Rivas Victoria
Published: August 2024

This review presents an analysis of recent sedimentation rates (SRs) in the Atlantic estuaries of northern Spain. Sedimentation rates were derived from sediment core dating using radiometric methods, including 210-Pb, 137-Cs, and 14-C, and were compiled from the existing literature. The observed SRs are consistent with global estimates, ranging from 0.04 to 55.1 mm/year. No correlation was found between SRs and estuarine morphology, basin size, or estuary size, and no apparent geographical pattern emerged. However, certain SRs were directly linked to human activities in the catchment area or the estuarine environment. Temporally, a general increase in SRs has occurred since the early 20th century, particularly notable from the mid-20th century, with indications of stabilization or reduction in the 21st century. Further research is essential to investigate these relationships more comprehensively to ensure the sustainability of these fluvial–marine environments.
Deep Learning Techniques for Enhanced Flame Monitoring in Cement Rotary Kilns Using Petcoke and Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)
Authors: Arroyo Jorge , Pillajo Christian , Barrio Jorge , Compais Pedro , Tavares Valter Domingos
Published: August 2024

The use of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in cement kilns offers a multifaceted approach to sustainability, addressing environmental, economic, and social aspects. By converting waste into a valuable energy source, RDF reduces landfill use, conserves natural resources, lowers greenhouse gas emissions, and promotes a circular economy. This sustainable practice not only supports the cement industry in meeting regulatory requirements but also advances global efforts toward more sustainable waste management and energy production systems. This research promotes the integration of RDF as fuel in cement kilns to reduce the use of fossil fuels by improving the control of the combustion. Addressing the variable composition of RDF requires continuous monitoring to ensure operational stability and product quality, traditionally managed by operators through visual inspections. This study introduces a real-time, computer vision- and deep learning-based monitoring system to aid in decision-making, utilizing existing kiln imaging devices for a non-intrusive, cost-effective solution applicable across various facilities. The system generates two detailed datasets from the kiln environment, undergoing extensive preprocessing to enhance image quality. The YOLOv8 algorithm was chosen for its real-time accuracy, with the final model demonstrating strong performance and domain adaptation. In an industrial setting, the system identifies critical elements like flame and clinker with high precision, achieving 25 frames per second (FPS) and a mean average precision (mAP50) of 98.8%. The study also develops strategies to improve the adaptability of the model to changing operational conditions. This advancement marks a significant step towards more energy-efficient and quality-focused cement production practices. By leveraging technological innovations, this research contributes to the move of the industry towards sustainability and operational efficiency.
Sustainable Energy Practices in Thailand and Japan: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Hnin Su Wutyi , Javed Amna , Karnjana Jessada , Jeenanunta Chawalit , Kohda Youji
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the comparative analysis of the divergent pathways of sustainable energy development in Thailand and Japan. It offers a nuanced analysis of their policy frameworks, technological advancements, and socioeconomic contexts. This study elucidates the distinct strategies of the two nations by leveraging a robust dataset from sources including the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) and Japan’s Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) toward renewable energy. The key findings indicate that Thailand has capitalized on policy instruments such as the Alternative Energy Development Plan 2018 (AEDP 2018) to augment its renewable energy capacity, particularly in the solar and biomass sectors. This policy-driven approach addresses the rural–urban energy divide and enhances energy access nationwide. Conversely, Japan’s trajectory is characterized by integrating technological innovations like smart grids and the Feed-in Tariff (FiT) system, which have catalyzed significant increases in solar energy adoption and efficiency. Japan places great emphasis on technological solutions that underscore its strategy to mitigate the legacy constraints of energy infrastructure post-Fukushima. The implications of these findings are extended beyond national borders, offering critical insights into the complex interplay between policy, technology, and social engagement in the renewable energy transition. This study highlights the potential for community-based renewable energy projects in Thailand to drive economic growth and social equity. At the same time, Japan’s experience illustrates the importance of regulatory reforms and technological leadership in overcoming structural barriers to energy innovation. These insights are particularly relevant for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to balance the imperatives of energy security, economic development, and environmental sustainability. Finally, this study emphasizes the need for tailored strategies that align renewable energy adoption with the unique contexts of each country, thereby enhancing global efforts against climate change.