bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network effects in the formation of the financial industry's regulatory preferences in the European Union
Authors: Chalmers Adam William , Young Kevin L
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the determinants of financial industry actors’ regulatory preferences—examining why some financial industry actors prefer less stringent financial regulations while others prefer more stringent regulations. The determination of preferences, we argue, can be understood as mutually dependent. How an organization is connected to other organisations through network ties may help to explain its regulatory preferences. Our empirical point of focus is financial industry lobbying in the context of the European Union (EU). Using data from nearly nine hundred lobbying letters related to legislation on banking, insurance, and securities regulation, we map out a “socialization network” that models connections between financial industry firms, their associations, as well as a broad range of other organisations and actors that are auxiliary to this community of organizations. Using these data we find evidence that organizations’ preferences are informed by their location within this socialization network. Controlling for a range of other plausible factors, we find that 1) those connected via common associational ties, 2) those closer to one another in the network and 3) those more “embedded” in this network are all less likely to diverge in terms of their preferences from one another.
The Distribution and Redox Speciation of Iodine in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Moriyasu Rintaro , Evans Natalya , Bolster Kenneth M. , Hardisty Dalton S. , Moffett James W.
Published: January 2020

The distributions of iodate (IO3−), iodide (I−), nitrite (NO2−), and oxygen (O2) were determined on two zonal transects and one meridional transect in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) in 2018. Iodine is a useful tracer of in situ redox transformations and inputs within the water column from continental margins. In oxygenated waters, iodine is predominantly present as oxidized iodate. In the oxygen deficient zone (ODZ) in the ETNP, a substantial fraction is reduced to iodide, with the highest iodide concentrations coincident with the secondary nitrite maxima. These features resemble ODZs in the Arabian Sea and Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP). Maxima in iodide and nitrite were associated with a specific water mass, referred to as the 13 °C Water, the same water mass that contains the highest concentrations of iodide within the ETSP. Physical processes leading to patchiness in the 13 °C Water relative to other water masses could account for the patchiness frequently observed in iodide and nitrite, probably reflecting subsurface mesoscale features such as eddies. Throughout much of the ETNP ODZ, iodine concentrations were higher than the mean oceanic value. This “excess iodine” is attributed to lateral inputs from sedimentary margins. Excess iodine maxima are centered within a potential density of 26.2–26.6 kg/m3, a density range that intersects with reducing shelf sediments and is almost identical to the ETSP. Evidently, margin input processes are significant throughout the basin and can influence the nitrogen and iron cycles as well, as in the ETSP.
Present‐Day Vertical Land Motion of Australia From GPS Observations and Geophysical Models
Authors: Riddell Anna R. , King Matt A. , Watson Christopher S.
Published: January 2020

The secular rate of Australia's vertical surface deformation due to past ice‐ocean loading changes is not consistent with present vertical velocities observed by a previously sparse network of Global Positioning System (GPS) sites. Current understanding of the Earth's rheology suggests that the expected vertical motion of the crust should be close to zero given that Australia is located in the far field of past ice sheet loading. Recent GPS measurements suggest that the vertical motion of the Australian continent at permanent sites is between 0 and −2 mm/year. Here we investigate if vertical deformation due to previous ice sheet loading can be recovered in the time series of Australian GPS sites through enlarging the number of sites compared to previous studies from ~20 to more than 100 and through the application of improved data filtering. We apply forward geophysical models of elastic surface displacement induced by atmospheric, hydrologic, nontidal ocean, and ice loading and use independent component analysis as a spatiotemporal filter that includes multivariate regression to consider temporally correlated noise in GPS. Using this approach, the common mode error is identified, and subsequent multivariate regression leads to an average reduction in trend uncertainty of ~35%. The average vertical subsidence of the Australian continent is substantially different to vertical motion predicted by glacial isostatic adjustment and surface mass transport models.
On the Mantle‐Inner Core Gravitational Oscillation Under the Action of the Electromagnetic Coupling Effects
Authors: Duan Pengshuo , Huang Chengli
Published: January 2020

Previous works indicated that the eigenperiod of the mantle‐inner core gravitational coupling mode can match the observed 6‐year period in length‐of‐day. However, this mode is only an ideal model, since it does not involve the electromagnetic (EM) coupling effects. Here, we further study the mantle‐inner core gravitational mode and its mathematical equation under the action of the EM coupling effects, while the relevant damping oscillation analytical solution is also given. According to this theoretical model, we can constrain the core‐mantle gravitational coupling strength Γ (>6.5 × 1019 Nm) and infer the EM coupling information at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB) and the inner core boundary. This work indicates that a partial liquid core is necessarily required to be coupled to the inner core (IC) and axially rotates with the IC as a single body, which supports the recent assumption that only a part fluid core within the so‐called tangent cylinder is locked to the IC. This explanation can greatly weaken the perturbation magnetic field due to the shear oscillation at the inner core boundary and eliminate the relevant EM damping dissipation, otherwise, the predicted 6‐year oscillation will be rapidly decayed with a relaxation time ~9.8 days. In addition, we give the physical expression of the theoretical quality factor Q value of the 6‐year oscillation, which is mainly related to the EM coupling at the CMB. According to the typical EM coupling parameters at the CMB, the theoretical Q value is predicted in the range of 40–75, which coincides with the current observed result (~51.6).
Studying biomolecular folding and binding using temperature-jump mass spectrometry
Authors: Marchand Adrien , Czar Martin F. , Eggel Elija N. , Kaeslin Jérôme , Zenobi Renato
Published: January 2020

Characterizing folding and complex formation of biomolecules provides a view into their thermodynamics, kinetics and folding pathways. Deciphering kinetic intermediates is particularly important because they can often be targeted by drugs. The key advantage of native mass spectrometry over conventional methods that monitor a single observable is its ability to identify and quantify coexisting species. Here, we show the design of a temperature-jump electrospray source for mass spectrometry that allows one to perform fast kinetics experiments (0.16–32 s) at different temperatures (10–90 °C). The setup allows recording of both folding and unfolding kinetics by using temperature jumps from high to low, and low to high, temperatures. Six biological systems, ranging from peptides to proteins to DNA complexes, exemplify the use of this device. Using temperature-dependent experiments, the folding and unfolding of a DNA triplex are studied, providing detailed information on its thermodynamics and kinetics.
Gas-assisted transformation of gold from fcc to the metastable 4H phase
Authors: Han Shaobo , Xia Guang-Jie , Cai Chao , Wang Qi , Wang Yang-Gang , Gu Meng , Li Jun
Published: January 2020

The metastable hexagonal 4H-phase gold has recently attracted extensive interest due to its exceptional performance in catalysis. However, gold usually crystallizes to its lowest free energy structure called face-centered cubic (fcc). The phase transformation from the stable fcc phase to the metastable 4H phase is thus of great significance in crystal phase engineering. Herein, we report this unusual phenomenon on a 4H gold nanorod template with the aid of CO gas and an electron beam. In situ transmission electron microscopy was used to directly visualize the interface propagation kinetics between the 4H-Au-nanorod and fcc-Au nanoparticle. Epitaxial growth was initiated at the contact interface, and then propagated to convert all parts of these fcc nanoparticles to 4H phase. Density functional theory calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that the CO molecules can assist the Au diffusion process and promote the flexibility of Au particles during the epitaxial growth. The phase transformation was driven by the reduction of Gibbs free energy by eliminating the interface between fcc and 4H phases.
TrkA undergoes a tetramer-to-dimer conversion to open TrkH which enables changes in membrane potential
Authors: Zhang Hanzhi , Pan Yaping , Hu Liya , Hudson M. Ashley , Hofstetter Katrina S. , Xu Zhichun , Rong Mingqiang , Wang Zhao , Prasad B. V. Venkataram , Lockless Steve W. , Chiu Wah , Zhou Ming
Published: January 2020

TrkH is a bacterial ion channel implicated in K+ uptake and pH regulation. TrkH assembles with its regulatory protein, TrkA, which closes the channel when bound to ADP and opens it when bound to ATP. However, it is unknown how nucleotides control the gating of TrkH through TrkA. Here we report the structures of the TrkH-TrkA complex in the presence of ADP or ATP. TrkA forms a tetrameric ring when bound to ADP and constrains TrkH to a closed conformation. The TrkA ring splits into two TrkA dimers in the presence of ATP and releases the constraints on TrkH, resulting in an open channel conformation. Functional studies show that both the tetramer-to-dimer conversion of TrkA and the loss of constraints on TrkH are required for channel gating. In addition, deletion of TrkA in Escherichia coli depolarizes the cell, suggesting that the TrkH-TrkA complex couples changes in intracellular nucleotides to membrane potential.
Boosting the catalysis of gold by O2 activation at Au-SiO2 interface
Authors: Zhang Yunlai , Zhang Junying , Zhang Bingsen , Si Rui , Han Bing , Hong Feng , Niu Yiming , Sun Li , Li Lin , Qiao Botao , Sun Keju , Huang Jiahui , Haruta Masatake
Published: January 2020

Supported gold (Au) nanocatalysts have attracted extensive interests in the past decades because of their unique catalytic properties for a number of key chemical reactions, especially in (selective) oxidations. The activation of O2 on Au nanocatalysts is crucial and remains a challenge because only small Au nanoparticles (NPs) can effectively activate O2. This severely limits their practical application because Au NPs inevitably sinter into larger ones during reaction due to their low Taman temperature. Here we construct a Au-SiO2 interface by depositing thin SiO2 layer onto Au/TiO2 and calcination at high temperatures and demonstrate that the interface can be not only highly sintering resistant but also extremely active for O2 activation. This work provides insights into the catalysis of Au nanocatalysts and paves a way for the design and development of highly active supported Au catalysts with excellent thermal stability.
Robust ultraclean atomically thin membranes for atomic-resolution electron microscopy
Authors: Zheng Liming , Chen Yanan , Li Ning , Zhang Jincan , Liu Nan , Liu Junjie , Dang Wenhui , Deng Bing , Li Yanbin , Gao Xiaoyin , Tan Congwei , Yang Zi , Xu Shipu , Wang Mingzhan , Yang Hao , Sun Luzhao , Cui Yi , Wei Xiaoding , Gao Peng , Wang Hong-Wei , Peng Hailin
Published: January 2020

The fast development of high-resolution electron microscopy (EM) demands a background-noise-free substrate to support the specimens, where atomically thin graphene membranes can serve as an ideal candidate. Yet the preparation of robust and ultraclean graphene EM grids remains challenging. Here we present a polymer- and transfer-free direct-etching method for batch fabrication of robust ultraclean graphene grids through membrane tension modulation. Loading samples on such graphene grids enables the detection of single metal atoms and atomic-resolution imaging of the iron core of ferritin molecules at both room- and cryo-temperature. The same kind of hydrophilic graphene grid allows the formation of ultrathin vitrified ice layer embedded most protein particles at the graphene-water interface, which facilitates cryo-EM 3D reconstruction of archaea 20S proteasomes at a record high resolution of ~2.36 Å. Our results demonstrate the significant improvements in image quality using the graphene grids and expand the scope of EM imaging.
Maternal preconception lipid profile and gestational lipid changes in relation to birthweight outcomes
Authors: Bever Alaina M. , Mumford Sunni L. , Schisterman Enrique F. , Sjaarda Lindsey , Perkins Neil J. , Gerlanc Nicole , DeVilbiss Elizabeth A. , Silver Robert M. , Kim Keewan , Nobles Carrie J. , Amyx Melissa M. , Levine Lindsay D. , Grantz Katherine L.
Published: January 2020

In 575 women with 1–2 prior pregnancy losses; total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were evaluated preconception and throughout pregnancy to evaluate whether previously observed associations between third trimester maternal lipid profile and birthweight outcomes are driven by preconception lipids or lipid changes during pregnancy. Lipid trajectories were compared by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) <25 or ≥25 kg/m2; logistic regression models evaluated preconception lipid concentration and change from preconception to 28 weeks with adjusted odds of large- or small-for-gestational age (LGA or SGA) neonate by BMI group. Preconception lipid concentrations and gestational lipid trajectories varied by BMI group (P < 0.001). Preconception lipids were not associated with LGA or SGA in either group. A 10 mg/dL increase in HDL-C change from preconception to 28 weeks was associated with decreased odds of LGA (odds ratio (OR) = 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46, 0.86) and 10 mg/dL increase in TG change associated with increased odds of LGA (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.1) overall. For ≥25 BMI only, 10 mg/dL increase in HDL-C change was associated with decreased SGA odds (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.64). Gestational lipid trajectories differed by BMI group and were differentially associated with birthweight outcomes, with HDL-C more strongly associated with healthy birthweight in women with BMI ≥25.
Molecular characterization and safety assessment of biofortified provitamin A rice
Authors: Oliva Norman , Florida Cueto-Reaño Maria , Trijatmiko Kurniawan R. , Samia Mercy , Welsch Ralf , Schaub Patrick , Beyer Peter , Mackenzie Donald , Boncodin Raul , Reinke Russell , Slamet-Loedin Inez , Mallikarjuna Swamy B. P.
Published: January 2020

Part of the studies involved in safety assessment of genetically engineered crops includes characterizing the organization, integrity, and stability of the inserted DNA and evaluating the potential allergenicity and toxicity of newly-expressed proteins. Molecular characterization of the introduced DNA in provitamin A biofortified rice event GR2E confirmed insertion of a single copy of the transfer-DNA in the genome and its inheritance as a single locus. Nucleotide sequencing of the inserted DNA confirmed it was introduced without modifications. The phytoene synthase, and carotene desaturase proteins did not display sequence similarity with allergens or toxins. Both proteins were rapidly digested in simulated gastric fluid and their enzymatic activity was inhibited upon heat treatment. Acute oral toxicity testing of the protein in mice demonstrated lack of adverse effects. These evidences substantiated the lack of any identifiable hazards for both proteins and in combination with other existing comparative analyses provided assurance that food derived from this rice is safe. This conclusion is in line with those of the regulatory agencies of US Food and Drug Administration, Health Canada and Food Standard Australia and New Zealand.
Daily Satellite Observations of Methane from Oil and Gas Production Regions in the United States
Authors: de Gouw Joost A. , Veefkind J. Pepijn , Roosenbrand Esther , Dix Barbara , Lin John C. , Landgraf Jochen , Levelt Pieternel F.
Published: January 2020

Production of oil and natural gas in North America is at an all-time high due to the development and use of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Methane emissions associated with this industrial activity are a concern because of the contribution to climate radiative forcing. We present new measurements from the space-based TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) launched in 2017 that show methane enhancements over production regions in the United States. In the Uintah Basin in Utah, TROPOMI methane columns correlated within-situmeasurements, and the highest columns were observed over the deepest parts of the basin, consistent with the accumulation of emissions underneath inversions. In the Permian Basin in Texas and New Mexico, methane columns showed maxima over regions with the highest natural gas production and were correlated with nitrogen-dioxide columns at a ratio that is consistent with results fromin-situairborne measurements. The improved detail provided by TROPOMI will likely enable the timely monitoring from space of methane emissions associated with oil and natural gas production.
Nutritional and antioxidant components and antioxidant capacity in green morph Amaranthus leafy vegetable
Authors: Sarker Umakanta , Hossain Md. Motaher , Oba Shinya
Published: January 2020

Amaranth has two morphological types described as red and green morphs. Previous studies have extensively characterised red morph amaranth regarding both morphological and chemical properties including antioxidant activity, antioxidant phytochemical profile, mineral content and proximate composition. However, there is scarce information concerning green morph amaranth. Hence, the present study evaluated 12 green morph genotypes for proximate composition, antioxidant activity, antioxidant pigments, minerals, and phytochemicals. Green morph amaranth was found to contain abundant carbohydrates, dietary fiber and protein. We found notable levels of inorganic minerals including potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc. Antioxidant capacity quantified as free radical quenching capacity varied between 27 and 48 μg g−1 Trolox equivalents. We additionally quantified antioxidants, including total phenolics, total flavonoid equivalents and vitamin C, as well as the antioxidant pigments carotenoids, chlorophylls and betalains. These data indicated that four green morph genotypes could be considered as enriched in their antioxidant profiles. Green morph amaranth could be a potential source of nutritional components and antioxidant phytochemicals in the human diet providing opportunities to address mineral nutrient deficiencies and provide an antioxidant rich food
Large deletions in immunoglobulin genes are associated with a sustained absence of DNA Polymerase η
Authors: Lerner Leticia K. , Nguyen Thuy V. , Castro Ligia P. , Vilar Juliana B. , Munford Veridiana , Le Guillou Morwenna , Mohammad Mahwish Mian , Vergé Véronique , Rosselli Filippo , Menck Carlos F. M. , Sarasin Alain , Aoufouchi Said
Published: January 2020

Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes is a highly mutagenic process that is B cell-specific and occurs during antigen-driven responses leading to antigen specificity and antibody affinity maturation. Mutations at the Ig locus are initiated by Activation-Induced cytidine Deaminase and are equally distributed at G/C and A/T bases. This requires the establishment of error-prone repair pathways involving the activity of several low fidelity DNA polymerases. In the physiological context, the G/C base pair mutations involve multiple error-prone DNA polymerases, while the generation of mutations at A/T base pairs depends exclusively on the activity of DNA polymerase η. Using two large cohorts of individuals with xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V), we report that the pattern of mutations at Ig genes becomes highly enriched with large deletions. This observation is more striking for patients older than 50 years. We propose that the absence of Pol η allows the recruitment of other DNA polymerases that profoundly affect the Ig genomic landscape.
Hydrocarbon Lubricants Can Control Hydrogen Embrittlement
Authors: Ratoi Monica , Tanaka Hiroyoshi , Mellor Brian G. , Sugimura Joichi
Published: January 2020

While it is well known that during RCF tests the formation of nascent catalytic sites on the wear track can break down hydrocarbon molecules to release atomic hydrogen, the potential of the hydrogen environment in fuel cells to hydrocrack the hydrocarbon lubricant in high pressure rolling contacts has so far been ignored. Here we investigate for the first time the ability of the hydrogen environment to generate a chemical tribofilm on the wear track most likely through lubricant hydrocracking, as compared with argon and air environments. Despite the ability of the hydrogen environment to generate a notably larger amount of atomic hydrogen, the chemical tribofilm significantly prevents the formation of atomic hydrogen and its subsequent diffusion through the lattice of steel rolling element bearings. This is of great importance in the lubrication of hydrogen technology and the prevention of Hydrogen embrittlement (HE). An investigation into the prospects of high energy micro-computed-tomography (Micro-CT) as a non-destructive technique for sub-surface damage characterisation in RCF was comparatively performed alongside traditional sectioning methods.
MBSP1: a biosurfactant protein derived from a metagenomic library with activity in oil degradation
Authors: Araújo Sinara Carla da Silva , Silva-Portela Rita C. B. , de Lima Daniel Chaves , da Fonsêca Marbella Maria Bernardes , Araújo Wydemberg J. , da Silva Uaska Bezerra , Napp Amanda P. , Pereira Evandro , Vainstein Marilene H. , Agnez-Lima Lucymara Fassarella
Published: January 2020

Microorganisms represent the most abundant biomass on the planet; however, because of several cultivation technique limitations, most of this genetic patrimony has been inaccessible. Due to the advent of metagenomic methodologies, such limitations have been overcome. Prevailing over these limitations enabled the genetic pool of non-cultivable microorganisms to be exploited for improvements in the development of biotechnological products. By utilising a metagenomic approach, we identified a new gene related to biosurfactant production and hydrocarbon degradation. Environmental DNA was extracted from soil samples collected on the banks of the Jundiaí River (Natal, Brazil), and a metagenomic library was constructed. Functional screening identified the clone 3C6, which was positive for the biosurfactant protein and revealed an open reading frame (ORF) with high similarity to sequences encoding a hypothetical protein from species of the family Halobacteriaceae. This protein was purified and exhibited biosurfactant activity. Due to these properties, this protein was named metagenomic biosurfactant protein 1 (MBSP1). In addition, E. coli RosettaTM (DE3) strain cells transformed with the MBSP1 clone showed an increase in aliphatic hydrocarbon degradation. In this study, we described a single gene encoding a protein with marked tensoactive properties that can be produced in a host cell, such as Escherichia coli, without substrate dependence. Furthermore, MBSP1 has been demonstrated as the first protein with these characteristics described in the Archaea or Bacteria domains.
Understanding hyaluronic acid induced variation of water structure by near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Dong Qin , Guo Xueping , Li Lian , Yu Chen , Nie Lei , Tian Weilu , Zhang Hui , Huang Siling , Zang Hengchang
Published: January 2020

In order to understand the hydration effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) in aqueous solution, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the HA aqueous solutions at different concentrations and temperature. As HA concentration was raised, there was a nonlinear change in absorption value in the first overtone region of OH, indicating the changes of hydration water. A reconstructed spectrum based on principal component analysis (PCA) was established and analyzed with the concept of aquaphotomics. The results showed that HA acted as a structure maker to make water molecules arranged in order. Water species with two hydrogen bonds (S2) and three hydrogen bonds (S3) showed the decrease at low concentration range of 0–40 mg/mL, but increased at higher concentration, indicating the difference in water species at different HA concentration. Meanwhile, HA had the ability to improve the thermal stability of water structure, suggesting a potential bio-protective function. This study provides a unique perspective on the molecular interactions between HA and water molecules, which is helpful for understanding the role of HA in life process and may serve as the basis for HA applications.
Zwiesel bat banyangvirus, a potentially zoonotic Huaiyangshan banyangvirus (Formerly known as SFTS)–like banyangvirus in Northern bats from Germany
Authors: Kohl Claudia , Brinkmann Annika , Radonić Aleksandar , Dabrowski Piotr Wojtek , Nitsche Andreas , Mühldorfer Kristin , Wibbelt Gudrun , Kurth Andreas
Published: January 2020

Bats are reservoir hosts for several emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens causing morbidity and mortality in wildlife, animal stocks and humans. Various viruses within the family Phenuiviridae have been detected in bats, including the highly pathogenic Rift Valley fever virus and Malsoor virus, a novel Banyangvirus with close genetic relation to Huaiyangshan banyangvirus (BHAV)(former known as Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, SFTSV) and Heartland virus (HRTV), both of which have caused severe disease with fatal casualties in humans. In this study we present the whole genome of a novel Banyangvirus, named Zwiesel bat banyangvirus, revealed through deep sequencing of the Eptesicus nilssonii bat virome. The detection of the novel bat banyangvirus, which is in close phylogenetic relationship with the pathogenic HRTV and BHAV, underlines the possible impact of emerging phenuiviruses on public health.
Construction of a multi-dimensional flexible MnS based paper electrode with ultra-stable and high-rate capability towards efficient sodium storage
Authors: Sun Zehang , Liu Yang , Wu Dongxu , Tan Ke , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou
Published: January 2020

Multi-dimensional MnS@CNWs/rGO hybrid paper is smartly constructed and it exhibits ultra-stable and high-rate gravimetric/volumetric capacities towards Na-ion batteries as a flexible self-standing anode.
Sequence-defined nucleobase containing oligomers via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer single monomer addition
Authors: Maes Lowie , Massana Roqeuro Daniel , Pitet Louis M. , Adriaensens Peter , Junkers Tanja
Published: January 2020

Nucleobase acrylate monomers have been synthesized and monodisperse tetramers with any order of bases are created via single monomer insertion reactions in a RAFT process.
The synthesis of monodispersed M-CeO2/SiO2nanoparticles and formation of UV absorption coatings with them
Authors: Xunwen Su , Liqun Zhu , Weiping Li , Huicong Liu , Hui Ye
Published: January 2020

Herein, we report the synthesis of monodispersed M-CeO2/SiO2nanoparticles and their use in the construction of a UV absorption coating.
Three-dimensional NiCoP hollow spheres: an efficient electrode material for hydrogen evolution reaction and supercapacitor applications
Authors: Das Jiban K. , Samantara Aneeya K. , Satyarthy Saumya , Rout Chandra Sekhar , Behera J. N.
Published: January 2020

This work reports a single-step hydrothermal method for the scalable synthesis of binary metal phosphide (NiCoP). Further, the electrocatalytic performance for HER and electrochemical charge-storage performance towards a supercapacitor were explored.
The preparation of prochloraz pH-responsive nanocapsules by the Pickering emulsion polymerization method and the study of their performance
Authors: Xue Fei , Zhu Ziwei , Wei Zheng , Peng Xinya , Wang Yalan , Li Tian , Ma Guanhua , Wu Yan , He Lin , Qian Kun
Published: January 2020

In this work, prochloraz pH-responsive nanocapsules were developed by the Pickering emulsion polymerization method with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and nano Fe3O4 particle-branched polyethyleneimine (PEI).
Reduced graphene oxide/TiO2(B) nanocomposite-modified separator as an efficient inhibitor of polysulfide shuttling in Li–S batteries
Authors: Chen Peng , Wang Zexi , Zhang Bingyu , Liu Heng , Liu Wanqiang , Zhao Jianxun , Ma Zhihua , Dong Wenyue , Su Zhongmin
Published: January 2020

Beta-phase TiO2 nanoparticles were adhered onto RGO in situ to fabricate a multi-functional separator for high-performance lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries.
Solar water splitting over Rh0.5Cr1.5O3-loaded AgTaO3 of a valence-band-controlled metal oxide photocatalyst
Authors: Watanabe Kenta , Iwase Akihide , Kudo Akihiko
Published: January 2020

One-step photoexcitation type solar water splitting with a valence-band-controlled metal oxide photocatalyst.
Gd(iii)–Pt(iv) theranostic contrast agents for tandem MR imaging and chemotherapy
Authors: Adams Casey J. , Meade Thomas J.
Published: January 2020

The first example of Gd(iii)–Pt(iv) theranostic agents that are intracellularly reduced to provide MR contrast enhancement with simultaneous Pt(ii) chemotherapy.
FRET-enhanced nanoflares for sensitive and rapid detection of ampicillin
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Lv Wenyi , Pan Ziyu , Zhan Lei , Huang Chengzhi
Published: January 2020

FRET-enhanced nanoflares were prepared with improved sensitivity for ampicillin detection by incorporating the organic quencher BHQ-2 into conventional nanoflares.
Evolution of Stokes V area asymmetry related to a quiet Sun cancellation observed with GRIS/IFU
Authors: Kaithakkal A. J. , Borrero J. M. , Fischer C. E. , Dominguez-Tagle C. , Collados M.
Published: January 2020

A quiet Sun magnetic flux cancellation event at the disk center was recorded using the Integral Field Unit (IFU) mounted on the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS). The GRIS instrument sampled the event in the photospheric Si I 10827 Å spectral line. The cancellation was preceded by a significant rise in line core intensity and excitation temperature, which is inferred from Stokes inversions under local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). The opposite polarity features seem to undergo reconnection above the photosphere. We also found that the border pixels neighboring the polarity inversion line of one of the polarities exhibit a systematic variation of area asymmetry. Area asymmetry peaks right after the line core intensity enhancement and gradually declines thereafter. Analyzing Stokes profiles recorded from either side of the polarity inversion line could therefore potentially provide additional information on the reconnection process related to magnetic flux cancellation. Further analysis without assuming LTE will be required to fully characterize this event.
Légiférer sur la langue russe
Authors: Archaimbault Sylvie
Published: January 2020

Nous donnons dans cet article une présentation des récentes lois adoptées en Russie (lois de 2005 et 2014 particulièrement) qui visent à protéger et promouvoir la langue russe, langue officielle de la Fédération de Russie. Le souci de l’État pour la langue nationale aboutit à mêler, en une même loi, obligation d’utilisation de la langue russe dans une série de domaines et protection d’une langue normée, châtiée. Nous montrons en quoi cet amalgame, qui va aujourd’hui jusqu’à la limitation de la liberté d’expression dans les manifestations et les lieux publics, prend sa source dans l’histoire des représentations de la langue russe au xxe siècle et notamment dans la notion de « culture linguistique », telle qu’elle s’est développée après la révolution de 1917.
La norme et le naturel
Authors: Joseph John E.
Published: January 2020

Les études de normes langagières ont visé des caractéristiques formelles à un micro-niveau, laissant les normes de la pragmatique du discours à l’histoire de la rhétorique. Mais avant l’époque moderne, on n’observait pas de distinction nette entre le « structurel » et le « pragmatique ». Cet article examine trois normes établies de longue date, qui se situent à la jonction des deux éléments, le pragmatique et le culturel : l’injonction aristotélicienne contre l’appel à l’émotion dans l’argumentation, l’injonction chrétienne contre le serment et l’exclusion par Pascal de la première personne du singulier dans le discours scientifique. Toutes trois sont axées sur la vérité et sur la perception des passions comme sources d’erreur. Les passions sont « naturelles » – elles intègrent le corps dans le mental – et les normes sont forgées en vue de contrôler le naturel dans le langage.
Demain, l’hydrogène
Authors: Basic Maruan
Published: January 2020

La question de la production énergétique est au cœur du développement des civilisations depuis que le monde est monde. Or, l’hydrogène, l’élément le plus abondant de l’univers, est présent partout sur Terre. Qu’attendons- nous ? À l’état naturel, l’hydrogène n’est certes pas exploitable : il doit être produit puis stocké avant d’être utilisé. C’est un « vecteur énergétique ». Dans la maîtrise de l’hydrogène, les projets se multiplient… et l’énergie nucléaire y trouve toute sa place.
Le nucléaire, une technologie au service du maritime ?
Authors:   Par la rédaction, SFEN
Published: January 2020

Le transport maritime, qui représente 90 % du commerce mondial, émet d’importantes quantités d’oxyde d’azote (Nox), de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) et d’oxyde de soufre (SOx), polluant fortement les océans et les espaces côtiers. Peut-on imaginer un développement dans le transport maritime civil de la propulsion nucléaire, cantonnée généralement au domaine militaire, afin de lutter contre cette pollution ?
Algorithms for four-machine flowshop scheduling problem with uncertain processing times to minimize makespan
Authors: Allahverdi Muberra , Allahverdi Ali
Published: January 2020

We consider the four-machine flowshop scheduling problem to minimize makespan where processing times are uncertain. The processing times are within some intervals, where the only available information is the lower and upper bounds of job processing times. Some dominance relations are developed, and twelve algorithms are proposed. The proposed algorithms first convert the four-machine problem into two stages, then, use the well-known Johnson’s algorithm, known to yield the optimal solution for the two-stage problem. The algorithms also use the developed dominance relations. The proposed algorithms are extensively evaluated through randomly generated data for different numbers of jobs and different gaps between the lower and upper bounds of processing times. Computational experiments indicate that the proposed algorithms perform well. Moreover, the computational experiments reveal that one of the proposed algorithms, Algorithm A7, performs significantly better than the other eleven algorithms for all possible combinations of the number of jobs and the gaps between the lower and upper bounds. More specifically, error percentages of the other eleven algorithms range from 2.3 to 27.7 times that of Algorithm A7. The results have been confirmed by constructing 99% confidence intervals and tests of hypotheses using a significance level of 0.01.
An Investigation of Hearing (250–20,000 Hz) in Children with Endocrine Diseases and Evaluation of Tinnitus and Vertigo Symptoms
Authors: Kocyigit Murat , Bezgin Selin Ustun , Cakabay Taliye , Ortekin Safiye Giran , Yıldız Melek , Ozkaya Guven , Aydın Banu
Published: January 2020

Introduction Despite much advancement in medicine, endocrine and metabolic diseases remain an important cause of morbidity and even mortality in children.

Objective The present study was planned to investigate the evaluation of hearing that also includes high frequencies, and the presence and degree of vertigo and tinnitus symptoms in pediatric patients diagnosed with endocrine diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), growth hormone deficiency (GHD), obesity, idiopathic short stature, and precocious puberty

Methods The present study included a patient group of 207 children patients diagnosed with endocrine disease (95 males, 112 females; mean age 9.71 years old [range 6–16 years old]) and a control group including 55 healthy children who do not have any kind of chronic disease (26 males, 29 females; mean age 9.33 years old [range 6–16 years old]). The subjects underwent a hearing test with frequencies between 250 and 20,000 Hz. The vestibular and tinnitus symptoms were evaluated with the Pediatric Vestibular Symptom Questionnaire.

Results Out of 207 patients in the patient group, 5 (2.4%) had hearing loss in pure tones, 10 (4.8%) had it in high frequencies, 40 (19.3%) had tinnitus symptoms, and 18 (8.7%) had vertigo symptoms. A total of 4 out of 207 patients in the study group (1.9%), 2 out of 59 with type 1 DM patients (3.4%), 1 out of 46 with GHD (2.2%), and 1 out of 43 obesity patients (2.3%) had hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus symptoms.

Conclusions Our results suggest that some childhood endocrine diseases can cause some changes in the inner ear, although the exact cause is unknown. Perhaps, a detailed hearing and balance examination should be a routine in a child diagnosed with an endocrine disease. We think it is necessary to work on more comprehensive patient groups and tests in the future.
From Data to Value: How Artificial Intelligence Augments the Radiology Business to Create Value
Authors: Martin-Carreras Teresa , Chen Po-Hao
Published: January 2020

The radiology practice has access to a wealth of data in the radiologist information system, dictation reports, and electronic health records. Although many artificial intelligence applications in radiology have focused on computer vision and the interpretive use cases, many opportunities exist to enhance the radiologist's value proposition through business analytics. This article explores how AI lends an analytical lens to the radiology practice to create value.
Magnetic properties of Co film in Pt/Co/Cr2O3/Pt structure
Authors: Nguyen T. V. A. , Shiratsuchi Y. , Sato H. , Ikeda S. , Endoh T. , Endo Y.
Published: January 2020

Magnetic properties of Co film in Pt/Co/α-Cr2O3/Pt/α-Al2O3 structure were investigated. Co layer thickness tCo dependence of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy density K reveals that the bulk magnetic anisotropy plays an important role in the system in addition to the interfacial anisotropy. Damping constant α monotonically increases with the decrease of tCo but not proportionally to 1/tCo. Both K and α increase with the increase of Pt layer thickness tPt from 3 nm to 5 nm and keeps almost constant in the tPt range between 5 nm to 20 nm. These results are of importance to understand the magnetization switching behavior driven by the magneto-electric (ME) effect as well as to design the spintronics device using the ME effect.
Frogs and Reptiles of the Murray–Darling Basin
Authors: Swan Michael
Published: January 2020

The Murray–Darling Basin spans more than 1 million square kilometres across the lower third of Queensland, most of New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, northern Victoria and the south-eastern corner of South Australia. Wildlife habitats range from the floodplains of the Basin to alpine areas, making the region of special ecological and environmental interest.
This book is the first comprehensive guide to the 310 species of frogs and reptiles living in the Murray–Darling Basin. An overview of each of the 22 catchment areas introduces the unique and varied climates, topography, vegetation and fauna. Comprehensive species accounts include diagnostic features, conservation ratings, photographs and distribution maps for all frogs, freshwater turtles, lizards and snakes recorded in this important region.
Upwelling index along the South Coast of Java from satellite imagery of wind stress and sea surface temperature
Authors: Naulita Y , Arhatin R E , Nabil
Published: January 2020

Upwelling Index which is processed from satellite imagery of wind stress and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) were examined to describe upwelling and its dynamics along the southern coast of Java. Analysis in September as the peak of upwelling shows that the commonly use of Ekman Transport-based Upwelling Index mostly shows higher values on the western part of south coast of Java as the alongshore wind stress is stronger to the west. But on the contrary, the SST-based Upwelling Index shows a relatively intense and persistent upwelling on the eastern part of south coast of Java and strengthened in El Nino year of 2015. The intense upwelling is indicated by the lowest value of SST minimum and the maximum value of thermal gradient SST up to 75 km off shore. Thus, for upwelling areas that are not predominantly induced by offshore Ekman Transport, the dynamics of upwelling would be better seen through an SST-based upwelling index. The use of both upwelling indices, will complement each other so that upwelling and its dynamics can be precisely understood.
Geostrophic currents in the Northern Lembata Waters: from OTEC Cruise observation in September–October 2017
Authors: Natih N M N , Nipsan M I F , Permanawati Y , Hernawan U
Published: January 2020

The Northern Lembata Waters (NLW) is located in the Flores Sea that its dynamics is strongly affected by Monsoon Current and the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). This study aims to describe the physical characteristics of the waters and geostrophic current, using observation CTD data from OTEC Cruise 2017. The type of water mass is identified using T-S diagram, and geostrophic currents is determined using a reference level at 600 dbar. From its characteristics such as temperature, salinity, and density it can be deduced that the waters vertically stratified. It is revealed a strong geostrophic flow due to water density differences. In the upper layer (0–300 dbar) geostrophic velocity ranged from 12.59 to 343.93 cm s−1 flowing eastward and in the deeper layer (300–600 dbar) geostrophic velocity (in section B) ranged from 7.66 to 49.19 cm s−1 flowing westward. The eastward flow is considered to be part of the ITF, and the westward flow at deeper layer may be associated with density-driven flow between Banda and Flores Seas.
Multiple attenuation methods in short-offset 2D marine seismic data: a case study in Cendrawasih Bay
Authors: Yuza N H , Nainggolan T B , Manik H M
Published: January 2020

Real marine seismic data are typically embedded with free-surface multiples energy, which are troublesome in imaging an accurate seismic cross-section. In addition, more challenging situation is to bring optimum result with a short-offset streamer due to the coherent nature of multiples. In this study, we present a comparison of three methods for attenuating free-surface multiples energy in short-offset 2D seismic data from Cendrawasih Bay. Multiple attenuation methods include F-K filter, Radon transform, and Surface Related Multiple Elimination (SRME) are processed until the final Pre-Stack Time Migration (PSTM) results. Predictive deconvolution is applied in order to suppress short period multiples prior to free-surface multiple attenuation method. Predictive deconvolution successfully identifies and removes the predictable wavelet of short period multiples. Radon transform shows poor result in short-offset seismic data even if it is combined with F-K filter method. Combination of both F-K filter and SRME are successfully attenuate free-surface multiples and should be considered as proper solution to increase signal to noise ratio.
GIS-based spatio-temporal analysis on Yellow Fin Tuna catch in Eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatera
Authors: Nurholis  , Gaol J L , Syah A F , Dewi A K
Published: January 2020

Spatio-temporal analysis of yellow fin tuna fishing activity could give us new perception and perspective on studying this fisheries resource exploration. This study was carried out in Eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatera. Fishing data were collected between 2014 until 2018 from the hand line fishermen’s daily logbooks accessed from Bungus fishing port. Data were organized into a database and structured on a geographical reference to allow GIS-Based analysis. We performed raster calculator analysis and spatial statistical analysis to understand spatiotemporal distribution behaviour and fishing activity also employed the generalized additive model to understand the habitat preferences. The result of GIS-based analysis shows the dynamics of catch, effort and catch per unit effort distribution patterns, underlining the annual differences of geographical distribution and fishing pattern. The most concentrated fishing activity monitored in 2014 while the more dispersed fishing activity monitored in 2017. The geographic orientation of spatial distribution monitored at range between 72.90 degrees until 176.15 degrees. GIS provide an important and powerful tool to analyse fishing information to help decision makers in the EIO off Sumatera on Tuna management.
Double Vision: Adaptation, the Uncanny andInvasion of the Body Snatchers
Authors: Hodgkins John
Published: January 2020

This essay takes a renewed look at the 1978 film Invasion of the Body Snatchers, directed by Philip Kaufman, along with its source texts: Jack Finney’s 1954 novel The Body Snatchers and Don Siegel’s 1956 adaptation. Specifically, I use the uncanny as a conceptual lens for thinking about my own reaction to Kaufman’s movie, and what I argue is the film’s reaction to its literary and cinematic precursors. In the process, I try to demonstrate how the uncanny might prove a useful critical tool for theorizing adaptive works, especially those in the horror genre.
Range-wide neutral and adaptive genetic structure of an endemic herb from Amazonian Savannas
Authors: Silva Amanda R , Resende-Moreira Luciana C , Carvalho Carolina S , Lanes Eder C M , Ortiz-Vera Mabel P , Viana Pedro L , Jaffé Rodolfo
Published: January 2020

Conserving genetic diversity in rare and narrowly distributed endemic species is essential to maintain their evolutionary potential and minimize extinction risk under future environmental change. In this study we assess neutral and adaptive genetic structure and genetic diversity in Brasilianthus carajensis (Melastomataceae), an endemic herb from Amazonian Savannas. Using RAD sequencing we identified a total of 9365 SNPs in 150 individuals collected across the species’ entire distribution range. Relying on assumption-free genetic clustering methods and environmental association tests we then compared neutral with adaptive genetic structure. We found three neutral and six adaptive genetic clusters, which could be considered management units (MU) and adaptive units (AU), respectively. Pairwise genetic differentiation (FST) ranged between 0.024 and 0.048, and even though effective population sizes were below 100, no significant inbreeding was found in any inferred cluster. Nearly 10 % of all analysed sequences contained loci associated with temperature and precipitation, from which only 25 sequences contained annotated proteins, with some of them being very relevant for physiological processes in plants. Our findings provide a detailed insight into genetic diversity, neutral and adaptive genetic structure in a rare endemic herb, which can help guide conservation and management actions to avoid the loss of unique genetic variation.