bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problematising Counter-Terrorism Review
Authors: Blackbourn Jessie , de Londras Fiona , Morgan Lydia
Published: September 2020

Although counter-terrorism review often works well in the United Kingdom, challenges to realising the accountability potential of counter-terrorism review persist. In large part, those challenges reflect the persistence of exceptionalist thinking within the counter-terrorist state. This chapter zooms out from the detailed accounts given in Chapters 2 and 3 to problematise counter-terrorism review from the perspective of accountability. In doing so it dwells on four persistent challenges that emerge from the analysis of counter-terrorism review: the secret state, the abundance of executive control, the limitations of Parliament, and the absence of trust. These challenges have a serious impact on counter-terrorism review but, to a large extent, this chapter argues that their resolution may be beyond the reach of the assemblage itself.
The Rise of Student Choice, and the Decline of Academic Autonomy
Authors: Bristow Jennie , Cant Sarah , Chatterjee Anwesa
Published: September 2020

This chapter critically evaluates the balance between compulsion and choice in contemporary narratives around the University, as scripted by policy documents and critiqued in the literature. Specifically, it analyses the cultural script of the ‘student- as- consumer’, and its impact on the academic– student relationship. For young people making the decision about whether to go to University, where to go, and what to study, the process is replete with choices – reflecting the landscape laid out in the 2010 Browne Report, which presented the increase in tuition fees as enabling students to benefit from an enhanced range of choices offered by a competitive marketplace. Yet, the study reveals that this choice is limited to decisions about where to go to university rather than deeper considerations about whether to proceed to Higher Education. This reflects tensions within the logics of massification, marketisation and politicisation. The analysis reveals an iterative reconfiguration of the purpose of Higher Education, through the augmentation of the ‘student- as- consumer’ and the gradual disappearance of the academic as central to the work of the University. As such, the chapter argues that deprofessionalisation and waning autonomy are not unintended consequences of policy developments, but critical prerequisites for the situation of Higher Education as the expected next step for increasing proportions of school leavers.
Growing Up, Moving On? University and the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Bristow Jennie , Cant Sarah , Chatterjee Anwesa
Published: September 2020

This chapter expands on the discussion of generational encounters with Higher Education, by indicating some ways in which current and prospective students articulate their expectations, hopes, aspirations and experiences of ‘going to University’. It discusses the implications for the relationship between academics and students in a context where transition to adulthood is delayed. As Universities have become more explicitly situated as institutions geared towards socialisation and the inculcation of a distinct set of values and attributes, relations between academics and students have become increasingly formalised. The concern that students’ need for pastoral support and concessions is both provided and regulated has added layers of bureaucratic restriction and accountability to interactions between staff and students. The chapter explores the ways in which these processes impinge on the interaction between academics and students, interposing a distance between the generations.
Reset: Anthropogenic Climate Change Is Urban, not Modern
Authors: Taylor Peter J. , O’Brien Geoff , O’Keefe Phil
Published: September 2020

This is the second chapter on unthinking, specifically building a new narrative to show anthropogenic climate change is not a result of modern industrial society rather it has a much deeper pedigree as essentially urban in nature. The narrative has been constructed by matching Jane Jacobs’ ideas on the power of cities from their initial invention of agriculture to William F. Ruddiman’s revision of the sequence of greenhouse gases generating anthropogenic climate change. There are two initial outcomes: first a critical reassessment of the importance of cities in geographical imaginings of the past, and second a critical intervention into the dating of the Anthropocene pushing it back many thousands of years.
Attosecond timing jitter within a temporal soliton molecule
Authors: Song Youjian , Zhou Feng , Tian Haochen , Hu Minglie
Published: September 2020

The interactions of optical solitons in passively mode-locked lasers result in abundant bound states that reflect intriguing nonlinear attractor behaviors in complex dissipative systems. In this study, we tested the strength limits of the fixed-point attractors that govern bound soliton molecule formation in passively mode-locked lasers. To this end, we probed the relative timing jitter in a closely separated stationary doublet soliton molecule produced by a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. By adopting a balanced optical cross-correlation method with a

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temporal resolution, we derive an upper estimate of 60 as intramolecular timing jitter, which is integrated from 100 Hz to the Nyquist frequency (60 MHz). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence for attosecond timing jitter within robust bound solitons in dissipative systems.
Breath Biopsy Assessment of Liver Disease Using an Exogenous Volatile Organic Compound—Toward Improved Detection of Liver Impairment
Authors: Ferrandino Giuseppe , Orf Isabel , Smith Rob , Calcagno Marzia , Thind Anita Kaur , Debiram-Beecham Irene , Williams Megan , Gandelman Olga , de Saedeleer Alexandra , Kibble Graham , Lydon Anne Marie , Mayhew Chris A. , Allsworth Max , Boyle Billy , van der Schee Marc P. , Allison Michael , Hoare Matthew , Snowdon Victoria K.
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Liver cirrhosis and its complication — hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) — have been associated with increased exhaled limonene. It is currently unclear whether this increase is more strongly associated with the presence of HCC or with the severity of liver dysfunction.

METHODS:

We compared the exhaled breath of 40 controls, 32 cirrhotic patients, and 12 cirrhotic patients with HCC using the Breath Biopsy platform. Breath samples were analyzed by thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Limonene levels were compared between the groups and correlated to bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin time international normalized ratio, and alanine aminotransferase.

RESULTS:

Breath limonene concentration was significantly elevated in subjects with cirrhosis-induced HCC (M: 82.1 ng/L, interquartile range [IQR]: 16.33–199.32 ng/L) and cirrhosis (M: 32.6 ng/L, IQR: 6.55–123.07 ng/L) compared with controls (M: 6.2 ng/L, IQR: 2.62–9.57 ng/L) (P value = 0.0005 and 0.0001, respectively) with no significant difference between 2 diseased groups (P value = 0.37). Levels of exhaled limonene correlated with serum bilirubin (R
2 = 0.25, P value = 0.0016, r = 0.51), albumin (R
2 = 0.58, P value = 5.3e-8, r = −0.76), and international normalized ratio (R
2 = 0.29, P value = 0.0003, r = 0.51), but not with alanine aminotransferase (R
2 = 0.01, P value = 0.36, r = 0.19).

DISCUSSION:

Exhaled limonene levels are primarily affected by the presence of cirrhosis through reduced liver functional capacity, as indicated by limonene correlation with blood metrics of impaired hepatic clearance and protein synthesis capacity, without further alterations observed in subjects with HCC. This suggests that exhaled limonene is a potential non-invasive marker of liver metabolic capacity (see Visual abstract, Supplementary Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/CTG/A388).
MURAWY PIASKOWE ZE ZWIĄZKU SILENO CONICAE-CERASTION SEMIDECANDRI KORNECK 1974 NA TERENIE KAMPUSU UAM MORASKO W POZNANIU
Authors: Brzeg Andrzej , Szygendowski Tomasz
Published: September 2020

Field studies on anthropogenic psammophilous swards of the Sileno conicae-Cerastion semidecandri alliance were carried out in the years 2015–2016 in the area of the Adam Mickiewicz University Morasko campus in Poznań, Poland. As a result of a classical table analysis of phytosociological data, five associations were distinguished. The relevés have been arranged with the use of PCA and CCA ordination methods to study the overall variability of the examined communities and their position along some environmental gradients. In the paper, issues concerning successional dynamics and the synsystematical position of swards of the studied type, are also raised.
GRZYBY MAKROSKOPIJNE REZERWATU PRZYRODY „TORFOWISKO TOPORZYK” (NW POLSKA)
Authors: Stasińska Małgorzata , Sotek Zofia
Published: September 2020

The paper presents results of mycological research carried out in the “Torfowisko Toporzyk” nature reserve (NW Poland), in the years 2004–2009. As a result of the studies, 216 fungal species were identified, 17 Ascomycota and 199 Basidiomycota. Twenty of the recorded species are included on the Polish red list of macrofungi, e.g. Cortinarius violaceus, Lactarius lacunarum, Mycena megaspora and Suillus flavidus. Among the plant associations, Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum (87 species) and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis (77), turned out to be the richest in fungi, whereas the fewest taxa were found in Rhynchosporetum albae (8).
ROŚLINY TRUJĄCE I LECZNICZE MIASTA POŁCZYN-ZDRÓJ I JEGO OKOLIC (POJEZIERZE DRAWSKIE) – BADANIA WSTĘPNE
Authors: Radke Patrycja
Published: September 2020

Preliminary studies on medicinal and poisonous plants of Połczyn-Zdrój and the surrounding area were conducted in 2015. These studies showed the presence of 69 species, including highly toxic species such as: Datura stramonium L., Convallaria majalis L., Aconitum variegatum L. and Papaver somniferum L.
Nowa PlaNETa: ku nadzorowanej wolności. Dyskursy i trendy
Authors: Krzysztofek Kazimierz
Published: September 2020

The article is aimed at analyzing two trends, which at the same time constitute two discourses. The Author is focusing on their analysis avoiding to state to what extent they are contradictory or complementary, or in what degree they place themselves in different value orders, thus hardly subjected to be analyzed on a comparable scale. The first trend describes the dispersed, personalized and hyper-individualistic society whilst the second one is about a society heading for bureaucratization, quantification, monitoring and surveillance. Both trends are reflecting real processes of conflict and exchange. On the one hand they are gearing each other, and on the other hand they are in opposing relationships.
Autonomous guidewire navigation in a two dimensional vascular phantom
Authors: Karstensen Lennart , Behr Tobias , Pusch Tim Philipp , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska , Stallkamp Jan
Published: September 2020

The treatment of cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases requires complex and challenging navigation of a catheter. Previous attempts to automate catheter navigation lack the ability to be generalizable. Methods of Deep Reinforcement Learning show promising results and may be the key to automate catheter navigation through the tortuous vascular tree. This work investigates Deep Reinforcement Learning for guidewire manipulation in a complex and rigid vascular model in 2D. The neural network trained by Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients with Hindsight Experience Replay performs well on the low-level control task, however the high-level control of the path planning must be improved further.
Cardiac radiomics: an interactive approach for 4D data exploration
Authors: Tautz Lennart , Zhang Hannu , Hüllebrand Markus , Ivantsits Matthias , Kelle Sebastian , Kuehne Titus , Falk Volkmar , Hennemuth Anja
Published: September 2020

Cardiac diseases manifest in a multitude of interconnected changes in morphology and dynamics. Radiomics approaches are a promising technique to analyze such changes directly from image data. We propose novel features to specifically describe moving cardiac structures, and an interactive 4D visualization method to explore such data. Prototypical tests with an open data set containing different diseases show that our approach can be a fast and useful tool for the 4D analysis of heterogeneous cohort data.
Catalogue of hazards: a fundamental part for the safe design of surgical robots
Authors: Theisgen Lukas , Strauch Florian , Fuente Matías de la , Radermacher Klaus
Published: September 2020

Risk classes defined by MDR and FDA for state-of-the-art surgical robots based on their intended use are not suitable as indicators for their hazard potential. While there is a lack of safety regulation for an increasing degree of automation as well as the degree of invasiveness into the patient’s body, adverse events have increased in the last decade. Thus, an outright identification of hazards as part of the risk analysis over the complete development process and life cycle of a surgical robot is crucial, especially when introducing new technologies. For this reason, we present a comprehensive approach for hazard identification in early phases of development. With this multi-perspective approach, the number of hazards identified can be increased. Furthermore, a generic catalogue of hazards for surgical robots has been established by categorising the results. The catalogue serves as a data pool for risk analyses and holds the potential to reduce hazards through safety measures already in the design process before becoming risks for the patient.
Catheter pose-dependent virtual angioscopy images for endovascular aortic repair: validation with a video graphics array (VGA) camera
Authors: García-Vázquez Verónica , Matysiak Florian , Jäckle Sonja , Eixmann Tim , Sieren Malte Maria , von Haxthausen Felix , Ernst Floris
Published: September 2020

Previous research reported catheter pose-dependent virtual angioscopy images for endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) (phantom studies) without any validation with video images. The goal of our study focused on conducting this validation using a video graphics array (VGA) camera. The spatial relationship between the coordinate system of the virtual camera and the VGA camera was computed with a Hand-Eye calibration so that both cameras produced similar images. A re-projection error of 3.18 pixels for the virtual camera and 2.14 pixels for the VGA camera was obtained with a designed three-dimensional (3D) printed chessboard. Similar images of the vessel (3D printed aorta) were acquired with both cameras except for the different depth. Virtual angioscopy images provide information from inside the vessel that may facilitate the understanding of the tip position of the endovascular tools while performing EVAR.
Cinemanography: fusing manometric and cinematographic data to facilitate diagnostics of dysphagia
Authors: Jell Alissa , Bernhard Lukas , Shah Dhaval , Feußner Hubertus
Published: September 2020

Dysphagia, the difficulty in swallowing, is one of the most common and, at the same time, most heterogeneous symptom of the upper digestive tract. Due to its lifetime prevalence of about 5%, every 19th person is affected on average, especially with increasing age. Dysphagia occurs in both benign and malignant diseases of the esophagus and the oropharyngeal tract as well as in neuromuscular diseases. Even dysphagia caused by benign diseases can lead to significantly reduced quality of life.

The diagnostics of the actual underlying disease in patients with dysphagia is commonly conducted using a combination of endoscopy, esophageal manometry, functional assessments and radiologic means, e.g. X-ray-fluoroscopy. As these examinations are typically performed in sequential order, it remains to the physicians to combine the relevant information from each modality to form a conclusion. We argue that this is neither an intuitive, nor a standardized form of presenting the findings to the physician. To address this, we propose a novel approach for fusing time-synchronized manometric and X-ray data into a single view to provide a more comprehensive visualization method as a novel means for diagnosing dysphagia.
Frequency and average gray-level information for thermal ablation status in ultrasound B-Mode sequences
Authors: Ziegle Jens , Illanes Alfredo , Boese Axel , Friebe Michael
Published: September 2020

During thermal ablation in a target tissue the information about temperature is crucial for decision making of successful therapy. An observable temporal and spatial temperature propagation would give a visual feedback of irreversible cell damage of the target tissue. Potential temperature features in ultrasound (US) B-Mode image sequences during radiofrequency (RF) ablation in ex-vivo porcine liver were found and analysed. These features could help to detect the transition between reversible and irreversible damage of the ablated target tissue. Experimental RF ablations of ex-vivo porcine liver were imaged with US B-Mode imaging and image sequences were recorded. Temperature was simultaneously measured within the liver tissue around a bipolar RF needle electrode. In the B-Mode images, regions of interest (ROIs) around the centre of the measurement spots were analysed in post-processing using average gray-level (AVGL) compared against temperature. The pole of maximum energy level in the time-frequency domain of the AVGL changes was investigated in relation to the measured temperatures. Frequency shifts of the pole were observed which could be related to transitions between the states of tissue damage.
Generalization of spatio-temporal deep learning for vision-based force estimation
Authors: Behrendt Finn , Gessert Nils , Schlaefer Alexander
Published: September 2020

Robot-assisted minimally-invasive surgery is increasingly used in clinical practice. Force feedback offers potential to develop haptic feedback for surgery systems. Forces can be estimated in a vision-based way by capturing deformation observed in 2D-image sequences with deep learning models. Variations in tissue appearance and mechanical properties likely influence force estimation methods’ generalization. In this work, we study the generalization capabilities of different spatial and spatio-temporal deep learning methods across different tissue samples. We acquire several data-sets using a clinical laparoscope and use both purely spatial and also spatio-temporal deep learning models. The results of this work show that generalization across different tissues is challenging. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that using spatio-temporal data instead of individual frames is valuable for force estimation. In particular, processing spatial and temporal data separately by a combination of a ResNet and GRU architecture shows promising results with a mean absolute error of 15.450 compared to 19.744 mN of a purely spatial CNN.
VertiGo – a pilot project in nystagmus detection via webcam
Authors: Reinhardt Sophia , Schmidt Joshua , Leuschel Michael , Schüle Christiane , Schipper Jörg
Published: September 2020

Dizziness is one of the most common symptoms in medicine. For differentiation of peripheral or central origin of the vertigo, history and clinical examination with detection of a nystagmus is essential. The aim of this study was to detect horizontal vestibular nystagmus utilizing a webcam. In the feasibility study, caloric induced vestibular nystagmus was recorded with conventional video-nystagmography and webcam. Analysis of recorded data was performed with a developed software which used computer vision techniques. A designed algorithm detected nystagmus existence and their direction. The software was evaluated by an expert-rated video-nystagmography. Webcam-based vestibular nystagmus detection is possible. Currently, a clinical application is not approved. Further software improvements are necessary to increase its accuracy.
Generation and dynamics of entangled fermion–photon–phonon states in nanocavities
Authors: Tokman Mikhail , Erukhimova Maria , Wang Yongrui , Chen Qianfan , Belyanin Alexey
Published: September 2020

We develop the analytic theory describing the formation and evolution of entangled quantum states for a fermionic quantum emitter coupled simultaneously to a quantized electromagnetic field in a nanocavity and quantized phonon or mechanical vibrational modes. The theory is applicable to a broad range of cavity quantum optomechanics problems and emerging research on plasmonic nanocavities coupled to single molecules and other quantum emitters. The optimal conditions for a tripartite entanglement are realized near the parametric resonances in a coupled system. The model includes dissipation and decoherence effects due to coupling of the fermion, photon, and phonon subsystems to their dissipative reservoirs within the stochastic evolution approach, which is derived from the Heisenberg–Langevin formalism. Our theory provides analytic expressions for the time evolution of the quantum state and observables and the emission spectra. The limit of a classical acoustic pumping and the interplay between parametric and standard one-photon resonances are analyzed.
Wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM)-based integrated electronic–photonic switching network (EPSN) for high-speed data processing and transportation
Authors: Feng Chenghao , Ying Zhoufeng , Zhao Zheng , Gu Jiaqi , Pan David Z. , Chen Ray T.
Published: September 2020

Integrated photonics offers attractive solutions for realizing combinational logic for high-performance computing. The integrated photonic chips can be further optimized using multiplexing techniques such as wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). In this paper, we propose a WDM-based electronic–photonic switching network (EPSN) to realize the functions of the binary decoder and the multiplexer, which are fundamental elements in microprocessors for data transportation and processing. We experimentally demonstrate its practicality by implementing a 3–8 (three inputs, eight outputs) switching network operating at 20 Gb/s. Detailed performance analysis and performance enhancement techniques are also given in this paper.
Monolithic metasurface spatial differentiator enabled by asymmetric photonic spin-orbit interactions
Authors: He Qiong , Zhang Fei , Pu MingBo , Ma XiaoLiang , Li Xiong , Jin JinJin , Guo YingHui , Luo XianGang
Published: September 2020

Spatial differentiator is the key element for edge detection, which is indispensable in image processing, computer vision involving image recognition, image restoration, image compression, and so on. Spatial differentiators based on metasurfaces are simpler and more compact compared with traditional bulky optical analog differentiators. However, most of them still rely on complex optical systems, leading to the degraded compactness and efficiency of the edge detection systems. To further reduce the complexity of the edge detection system, a monolithic metasurface spatial differentiator is demonstrated based on asymmetric photonic spin-orbit interactions. Edge detection can be accomplished via such a monolithic metasurface using the polarization degree. Experimental results show that the designed monolithic spatial differentiator works in a broadband range. Moreover, 2D edge detection is experimentally demonstrated by the proposed monolithic metasurface. The proposed design can be applied at visible and near-infrared wavelengths by proper dielectric materials and designs. We envision this approach may find potential applications in optical analog computing on compact optical platforms.
A high-repetition rate attosecond light source for time-resolved coincidence spectroscopy
Authors: Mikaelsson Sara , Vogelsang Jan , Guo Chen , Sytcevich Ivan , Viotti Anne-Lise , Langer Fabian , Cheng Yu-Chen , Nandi Saikat , Jin Wenjie , Olofsson Anna , Weissenbilder Robin , Mauritsson Johan , L’Huillier Anne , Gisselbrecht Mathieu , Arnold Cord L.
Published: September 2020

Attosecond pulses, produced through high-order harmonic generation in gases, have been successfully used for observing ultrafast, subfemtosecond electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solid state systems. Today’s typical attosecond sources, however, are often impaired by their low repetition rate and the resulting insufficient statistics, especially when the number of detectable events per shot is limited. This is the case for experiments, where several reaction products must be detected in coincidence, and for surface science applications where space charge effects compromise spectral and spatial resolution. In this work, we present an attosecond light source operating at 200 kHz, which opens up the exploration of phenomena previously inaccessible to attosecond interferometric and spectroscopic techniques. Key to our approach is the combination of a high-repetition rate, few-cycle laser source, a specially designed gas target for efficient high harmonic generation, a passively and actively stabilized pump-probe interferometer and an advanced 3D photoelectron/ion momentum detector. While most experiments in the field of attosecond science so far have been performed with either single attosecond pulses or long trains of pulses, we explore the hitherto mostly overlooked intermediate regime with short trains consisting of only a few attosecond pulses. We also present the first coincidence measurement of single-photon double-ionization of helium with full angular resolution, using an attosecond source. This opens up for future studies of the dynamic evolution of strongly correlated electrons.
Comment on “On biological signaling” by G. Nimtz and H. Aichmann, Z. Naturforsch. 75a: 507–509, 2020
Authors: Jackson Andrew D. , Heimburg Thomas
Published: September 2020

In 2005, we proposed that the nerve pulse is an electromechanical soliton (T. Heimburg and A. D. Jackson. “On soliton propagation in biomembranes and nerves,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 102, pp. 9790–9795, 2005). This concept represents a challenge to the well-known electrochemical Hodgkin–Huxley model. The soliton theory was criticized by Nimtz and Aichmann in a recent article in Zeitung für Naturforschung A (G. Nimtz and H. Aichmann. “On biological signaling,” Z. Naturforsch. A, vol. 75, pp. 507–509, 2020). Here, we wish to comment on some statements that we regard as misinterpretations of our views.
Isolation of cellulose microfibrils - An enzymatic approach
Authors: Janardhnan Sreekumar , Sain Mohini M.
Published: September 2020

Isolation methods and applications of cellulose microfibrils are expanding rapidly due to environmental benefits and specific strength properties, especially in bio-composite science. In this research, we have success-fully developed and explored a novel bio-pretreatment for wood fibre that can substantially improve the microfibril yield, in comparison to current techniques used to isolate cellulose microfibrils. Microfibrils currently are isolated in the laboratory through a combination of high shear refining and cryocrushing. A high energy requirement of these procedures is hampering momentum in the direction of microfibril isolation on a sufficiently large scale to suit potential applications. Any attempt to loosen up the microfibrils by either complete or partial destruction of the hydrogen bonds before the mechanical process would be a step forward in the quest for economical isolation of cellulose microfibrils. Bleached kraft pulp was treated with OS1, a fungus isolated from Dutch Elm trees infected with Dutch elm disease, under different treatment conditions. The percentage yield of cellulose microfibrils, based on their diameter, showed a significant shift towards a lower diameter range after the high shear refining, compared to the yield of cellulose microfibrils from untreated fibres. The overall yield of cellulose microfibrils from the treated fibres did not show any sizeable decrease.
Cellulose for medical applications: Past, present, and future
Authors: Hoenich Nicholas
Published: September 2020

Films and tubes manufactured from cellulose have historically been used in the treatment of renal failure, but their use for this purpose has declined in recent years in favour of films manufactured from synthetic material blends. As the clinical application of cellulose for dialysis declines, new applications for its use are emerging, of which the most promising appears to be the use of microbial cellulose synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum as a novel wound healing system and as a scaffold for tissue regeneration.
Rheology of carboxymethyl cellulose solutions treated with cellulases
Authors: Lee Jung Myoung , Heitmann John A. , Pawlak Joel J.
Published: September 2020

The effect of cellulase treatments on the rheology of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions was studied using a rotational viscometer. The rheological behaviors of CMC solutions of different molecular mass and degrees of substitution where studied as a function of time after various treatments. These solutions were subjected to active and heat-denatured cellulase, a cationic polyelectrolyte (C-PAM), as well as different shear rates. A complex protein-polymer interaction was observed, leading to a potential error source in the measurement of enzymatic activity by changes in the intrinsic viscosity. The interaction was termed a polymeric effect and defined as a reduction in viscosity of the substrate solution without significant formation of reducing sugars from enzymatic hydrolysis. The cause of the reduction in viscosity appears to be related to the interaction between the enzymes as amphipathic particles and the soluble CMC. Thus, the polymeric effect may cause a considerable experimental error in the measurement of enzymatic activity by viscometric methods.
КОНКУРЕНТНА СТРАТЕГІЯ РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ (закінчення)
Authors: ЛИПОВ Володимир
Published: September 2020

Розглянуто особливості використання комплексу макроеконо¬мічних стратегій інтеграції України у глобальний економічний простір, засно¬ваних на отриманні конкурентних переваг за рахунок використання широкого спектра ринкових, цінових, виробничих, технологічних, комплексних страте¬гій розширення об’єкта експортної діяльності. Обгрунтовано, що відправним моментом формування конкурентної стратегії інтеграції країни у глобальний економічний простір є врахування особливостей національної культури госпо¬дарювання. Показано, що першочергову роль у її формуванні відіграє перева¬жання цінностей або індивідуалізму, або комунітаризму. Розкрито механізми їх впливу на конкурентоспроможність виробників. Розкрито роль та інструме¬нти державної підтримки ринкових стратегій просування продукції національ¬них виробників на глобальних ринках. Наголошено на можливостях і перева¬гах використання стратегії блакитного океану – створення інноваційних біз¬нес-моделей на основі формування нових ринків унікальних товарів або по¬слуг власного виробництва.Охарактеризовано особливості виробничих стратегій підвищення націона¬льної конкурентоспроможності. Серед них: реорганізація, галузева та терито¬ріальна диверсифікація, формування кластерних структур, ланцюжків створення доданої вартості, включення до глобальних виробничих систем або їх створення. Роз¬крито особливості стратегій використання ефекту від масштабу виробництва. Зазначено важливість цілеспрямованої державної політики, яка передбачає ви¬значення сфер і галузей, де може бути отримано ефект синергії, надання сти¬мулів для їх розвитку, підтримки в період виходу на зовнішні ринки.Показано відмінності конкуренції за ціною та вартістю товарів. Представ¬лено інструменти й механізми впливу держави на формування вартісних кон¬курентних переваг національних виробників на зовнішніх ринках. Розкрито особливості впливу валютного регулювання на забезпечення національної конкурентоспроможності.Розглянуто особливості технологічних стратегій забезпечення національ¬ної конкурентоспроможності за рахунок створення та просування на світові ринки власних метатехнологій та high hume-технологій, комплексних страте¬гій, що передбачають послідовне розширення спектра зв’язків між виробни¬ками та потенціальними зовнішніми споживачами від придбання окремого то¬вару до довгострокових комплексних програм.
ЕКОСИСТЕМНИЙ ПІДХІД ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗБИТКУ ВІД ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ НАВКОЛИШНЬОГО ПРИРОДНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА: УКРАЇНСЬКА АВТЕНТИЧНІСТЬ
Authors: ВЕКЛИЧ Оксана
Published: September 2020

Розкрито понятійні кластери – «забруднення навколишнього середовища» та «економічний збиток від забруднення навколишнього природного середовища», а також досліджено низький рівень просування концептуальних засад екосистемного підходу в практику вітчизняного господарювання. З допомогою екосистемного підходу вперше проведено структуризацію економічного збитку від забруднення навколишнього природного середовища за екосистемними об’єктами втрат, що охоплює принаймні шість екосистемних об’єктів: втрати від деградації екосистем біорізноманіття; втрати через погіршення або знищення екосистемних товарів, послуг, функцій; збитки, заподіяні у зв'язку з порушенням асиміляційного потенціалу екосистеми; шкода, заподіяна природно-господарському комплексу; втрати від пошкодження та руйнування біоресурсних сегментів національної економіки; збитки, заподіяні природоорієнтованому виробництву чи галузі національної економіки.Наведено схему структуризації економічного збитку від забруднення навколишнього природного середовища, в якій вперше представлено не лише групи втрат за екосистемними об’єктами, а й чітку та найповнішу наочну класифікацію видів втрат, які формують цей економічний збиток. Їх урахування сприятиме обгрунтуванню більш достовірного загального економічного збитку, заподіяного національній економіці внаслідок забруднення навколишнього природного середовища.Показано, що на практиці склалася вкрай невтішна ситуація із застосуванням екосистемного підходу для вартісного оцінювання природних об’єктів чи збитку від забруднення навколишнього природного середовища. Доведено накопичення невирішених на цей час питань щодо реалізації екосистемного підходу при оцінюванні економічного збитку внаслідок забруднення навколишнього природного середовища в частині наукового, правового, методичного, нормативного та інформаційного опрацювання, що потребує не тільки відповідних потужних зрушень і дій з боку фахівців-екологів, представників наукових кіл, законодавчих і виконавчих органів державної влади, а й активізації просвітницької роботи для поглиблення екологічної свідомості населення, особливо на рівні територіальних громад.
O princípio iterativo na arte dos quadrinhos: aproximações narratológicas a uma poética da repetição
Authors: Picado Benjamim , Schneider Greice
Published: September 2020

Adotamos um olhar narratológico para pensar os quadrinhos como meio eminentemente iterativo. Com esse fim, investigamos dois regimes da repetição na “nona arte”: primeiramente, examinamos as modalidades da iteração como partes do emprego narratologicamente eficaz do “sistema espaço-tópico” dos quadrinhos (com as suas incidências estruturais e funcionais para a produção da intriga, em itens tais como os da sintaxe lógica das ações, das estratégias retóricas da exposição narrativa e dos padrões de frequência e andamento da representação dos acontecimentos); em seguida, avaliaremos a iteração como parte de programas poéticos mais específicos na arte dos quadrinhos, e que singularizam a performance dessas operações discursivas com a repetição, configurando marcas autorais ou de escolas mais recentes da arte sequencial, reunidos como traços de uma possível estilística narrativa baseada na iteratividade (e comprometida com a valorização de universos temáticos tais como o do tédio).
Mario Cravo Neto e a poética da mitologia afro-brasileira
Authors: Castanheira Rafael
Published: September 2020

Este artigo aborda a atuação de Mario Cravo Neto no processo tanto de transposição das fronteiras que insistiam em separar o documentário fotográfico das artes visuais no Brasil quanto de questionamento dos padrões historicamente instituídos sobre a chamada “fotografia documental”. Para isso, analisa o seu livro Laróyè, no qual Cravo Neto, a partir de fotografias de pessoas, animais, cores, objetos e situações registradas nas ruas de Salvador, Bahia, sugere a presença do orixá Exu. Ao ampliar as possibilidades de produção e uso do documento fotográfico a partir de estratégias técnicas, estéticas e conceituais que mais se aproximam daquelas adotadas em projetos de caráter artístico, rompe não com a documentação em si, mas com os seus modelos tradicionais baseados na ideia de fotografia como reprodução fiel da realidade.
Notas sobre o documentário contemporâneo
Authors: De Aquino Rodrigues Laécio Ricardo
Published: September 2020

Neste artigo, apresento um panorama da produção contemporânea do documentário, ressaltando a sua complexidade e destacando algumas das suas tendências mais instigantes, a exemplo da proliferação dos dispositivos, da emergência dos filmes em primeira pessoa, da consagração do ensaio e da retomada dos arquivos com fins de ressignificação. No entanto, apesar do esforço analítico, é preciso lembrar que uma das características do documentário, na contemporaneidade, se refere à complexidade das práticas fílmicas que, não raro, conjugam diferentes procedimentos numa única obra, o que nos impede de investir em classificações rigorosas. Portanto, o texto se apresenta, prioritariamente, como um mapeamento e exploração desse campo artístico em sua multiplicidade, mas sem propósitos conclusivos ou assertivos.
The impact of personality traits on attitudes toward learning communication skills
Authors: Giuliani dos Santos Franco Camila Ament , Franco Renato Soleiman , Cecilio-Fernandes Dario , Severo Milton , Ferreira Maria Amélia
Published: September 2020

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between personality traits and attitudes toward learning communication skills in undergraduate medical students. The relation between students’ attitudes and personality trait could help us identify those who those who will need more support to develop communication skills, based on their personality traits.Methods: The data was collected data from an intentional and cross-sectional sample composed of 204 students from three Brazilian universities. The students answered questionnaires containing the Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS-BR) and the Big Five Mini-Markers (BFMM) for personality. Data were analyzed using frequency calculations, principal components analysis, and the multiple linear regression model.Results: Seven among 26 items of the original Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS) presented factor loads lower than |0.30| and must be excluded in the CSAS -BR that showed one domain including positive and negative attitudes. The value of Cronbach’s alpha of the 19-item scale was 0.894. The BFMM showed similar dimensional results with five domains with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.804 for Extroversion, 0.753 for agreeableness, 0.755 for conscientiousness, 0.780 for neuroticism and 0.668 for openness. There were positive and statically significant linear associations with the CSAS-BR and agreeableness (β: 0.230, p<0.001), extraversion (β: 0.150, p=0.030), and openness to experience (β: 0.190, p=0.010). These personality factors drive social interactions and interpersonal relations, which involve the tendency to be friendly, flexible, and cooperative; to show a willing disposition; and the ability to actively engage with others. Conclusions: Based on the methods applied in this study, the results demonstrated a relation between agreeableness, extraversion and openness to experience with attitudes on communication skills in students from three Brazilian universities. Our results suggest that the evaluation of personality traits can contribute to the recognition of students for whom the establishment of special teaching strategies can improve communication skills.
COVID-19
Authors: Strasburg Virgílio José , O. Hammes Thais , C. S. Gonzales Andrea , Von Zeidler Gisela , G. Venzke1 Janaína , E. A. Santos Zilda , L. Bosa Vera
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The global pandemic for the new coronavirus has had repercussions in all areas of human activities. Health services are essential for serving the population. However, workers in this sector also deserve attention, the provision of meals being one of those precautions.Aims: This study aims to publicize the actions related to the development of a contingency plan and the provision of meals to workers at a public university hospital in southern Brazil during the coronavirus pandemic.Methods: Study design: descriptive observational. This case study evaluates for the period from March to June 2020 on the evolution of contingency plans in order to guarantee the provision of adequate food and preserve the health of workers in the cafeteria space.Results: The hospital cafeteria served, on average, more than 2,500 lunches before the COVID-19 pandemic began in Brazil. Actions developed by the hospital administration allowed remote work by workers. However, an average of 1,500 lunches is still served daily. In this study, the actions are presented in order to guarantee an adequate environment that does not transmit outbreaks to workers in the hospital environment. Among some actions are issues of menu pattern, guidance, and mandatory handwashing by all users, visual signage on-site, and the internal website, among others.Conclusions: The actions have been effective since there are no records of a COVID-19 outbreak among hospital workers.
Avaliação farmacológica de medicamentos usados por idosos frequentadores de uma drogaria privada
Authors: Valer Grasiela , Kauffmann Carla , Rigo Marinês Pérsigo Morais , Martines Luísa Scheer Ely
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: realizar a avaliação da farmacoterapia de idosos frequentadores de uma drogaria privada.Método: a pesquisa abrangeu um estudo transversal realizado no período de junho a setembro de 2019, em uma drogaria privada, conveniada ao Programa Farmácia Popular do Brasil, localizada no município de Nova Bréscia/RS. Para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário, a fim de analisar a farmacoterapia e os hábitos de vida dos idosos participantes da pesquisa na drogaria selecionada.Resultados: a população pesquisada envolveu 81 idosos, sendo a maioria composta por mulheres (69,1%) e a idade média dos participantes foi de 69,4 anos, predominando aqueles na faixa de 60 a 69 anos (53,1%). A grande maioria dos entrevistados (66,7%) se automedica; 36 (44,4%) pessoas foram classificadas com o nível de polifarmácia maior e uma média de 4,64 medicamentos por pessoas. No total, foram 45 pessoas (55,6%) que tiveram algum tipo de interação medicamentosa, variando uma média de 2,72 interações por pessoa. Na pesquisa, foram encontrados 59 medicamentos que são considerados inapropriados para os idosos de acordo com os Critérios de Beers.Conclusão: o envelhecimento predispõe os idosos a um aumento do uso de medicamentos, aumentando o nível de polifarmácia e as chances de ter interações medicamentosas. Assim, destaca-se a importância do profissional farmacêutico em orientá-los sobre os medicamentos, sobre a não utilização de alguns fármacos, o uso de doses adequadas, acompanhamento da terapia farmacológica, como a sua eficácia e, dessa forma, contribuir para uma qualidade de vida melhor.
Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Company Image towards Customer Loyalty At Pt. Gajah Gotra Bali
Authors: Istri Setiari JMH Anak Agung , Putu Agung Anak Agung , Sujana I Wayan , Landra Nengah
Published: September 2020

The high level of competition causes several companies experiencing business bankruptcy. In the last 6 years, based on data from several Bali Branch Logistics Associations, it shows a decrease in the number of association members. This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of service quality, customer satisfaction, company image on customer loyalty at PT. Gajah Gotra Bali. The research was conducted on 100 employees through interviews and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Smart PLS-SEM version 23.0 program. The results showed that service quality has a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction, company image and customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction has a significant positive effect on customer loyalty. Company image has no effect on customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction is able to mediate the service quality relationship to customer loyalty. Company image is not able to mediate the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty.
Racism and Cancer Care: A Call for Recognition and Reform
Authors: Chabner Bruce A.
Published: September 2020

This editorial introduces a special series investigating the impact of systemic racism on the health outcomes of minority communities in the United States.
Peer review versus the h-index for evaluation of individual researchers in the biological sciences
Authors: Johnson Steven D.
Published: September 2020

Past performance is a key consideration when rationalising the allocation of grants and other opportunities to individual researchers. The National Research Foundation of South Africa (NRF) has long used a highly structured system of ‘rating’ the past performance of individual researchers. This system relies heavily on peer review, and has seldom been benchmarked against bibliometric measures of research performance such as Hirsch’s h-index. Here I use data for about 600 rated researchers in the biological sciences to evaluate the extent to which outcomes of peer review correspond to bibliometric measures of research performance. The analysis revealed that values of the h-index based on the Scopus database are typically 5–20 for researchers placed in the NRF’s C rating category (‘established’), 20–40 for those in the B rating category (‘considerable international recognition’) and >40 for those in the A rating category (‘leading international scholars’). Despite concerns that citation patterns differ among disciplines, the mean h-index per rating category was remarkably consistent across five different disciplines in the biological sciences, namely animal sciences, plant sciences, ecology, microbiology and biochemistry/genetics. This observation suggests that the NRF rating system is equitable in the sense that the outcomes of peer review are generally consistent with bibliometric measures of research performance across different disciplines in the biological sciences. However, the study did reveal some notable discrepancies which could reflect either bias in the peer-review process or shortcomings in the bibliometric measures, or both.
Significance:

NRF rating categorisations (estimates of standing in a research field based on peer review) are a reasonably good predictor of the h-index of individual researchers in the biological sciences.
The relationships between rating categorisations and the h-index are remarkably consistent across five sub-disciplines in the biological sciences.
Peer review and the h-index were compared in terms of their relative advantages and disadvantages and the combined use of both approaches is advocated for measurement of research performance.
Esquema para una ontología de la educación como ontología del presente
Authors: De Paiva Jair Miranda
Published: September 2020

Presents a discussion of an ontology of education, pointing initial difficulties in relating the two terms. By historical recollection of the route, in broad strokes, the movement of the search for the meaning of being from the pre-Socratic, discusses the possibility of a historical ontology of the present, which is powerful to think about the education of the subject in our time.