bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIU e métodos abortivos: perspectivas embriológicas e socioculturais entre alunos do curso de biologia
Authors: Almeida Miqueias da Silva , Nascimento Igor Miguel Sousa do , Marin Yonier Alexander Orozco
Published: October 2024

Dispositivo Intrauterino - DIU é um método contraceptivo de longa duração inserido no útero, sua eficácia é associada à prevenção da gravidez, existem dois tipos principais: cobre e hormonal. Há controvérsias e mitos sobre seu mecanismo de ação, com algumas visões buscando a possibilidade de atuar como método abortivo impedindo a implantação do embrião. Esta pesquisa visa caracterizar a percepção dos acadêmicos(as) matriculados na disciplina de análise morfofuncional do sistema reprodutor do curso de Biologia em uma universidade da região norte do Brasil, sobre a utilização do DIU e suas relações com métodos abortivos a partir de uma perspectiva embriológica e sociocultural. O estudo aponta que perspectivas biomédicas são articuladas sobre o DIU, mas também possibilidades de discussões sobre assuntos como o bem-estar sexual e reprodutivo de mulheres cisgênero, discussão de valores associados à gravidez, aspectos que contribuem na formação de professores(as) de ciências e biologia com perspectiva de gênero.
Produção dos grupos de pesquisa em formação de professores do campo
Authors: Santos Carlos Antonio Cunha dos , Ferreira Francisco de Assis Parentes da Silva do Amaral , Rodrigues Feio Leila do Socorro , Silva Vilmar Martins da
Published: October 2024

O objetivo foi caracterizar os grupos de pesquisa e suas produções com linha em “Formação de Professores do Campo”. Através de uma busca no Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa (DGP) do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e na Plataforma Lattes, foi possível observar o perfil dos líderes, suas produções científicas, incluindo artigos indexados, livros e capítulos de livros, além das temáticas abordadas. A partir do descritor “Formação de Professores do Campo” foram selecionados 46 grupos. Às produções observadas foi aplicada a classificação conforme a tabela Qualis/CAPES para o quadriênio 2017-2020. As temáticas abordadas, com maior frequência, foram o fechamento e nucleação de escolas, a formação inicial, contínua e continuada, oportunidade de trabalho por meio de concurso público ao egresso, a formação de formadores, a questão da formação e a vivência no estágio, as práticas pedagógicas no contexto da Reforma Agrária, a pedagogia das turmas multisseriadas, entre outras.
TP53 Codon 72 Polymorphism Impacts Macrophage Activation through Reactive Oxygen Species–Dependent Cell Signaling Alterations
Authors: Silwal Ashok , Reese Britney , Patel Bhaumik , Li Yan , Kolev Martin V , La-Beck Ninh M , Karbowniczek Magdalena M , Markiewski Maciej M
Published: October 2024

The role of the most common TP53 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at codon 72, which encodes for proline (P72) or arginine (R72), in the regulation of the immune system has not yet been thoroughly explored. We found that this SNP contributes to aggravated inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients resulting from biased macrophage activation. R72-P53 inhibits mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase, leading to impaired reactive oxygen species scavenging, oxidation of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), and, consequently, its inhibition. Reduced PTEN activity causes constitutive activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which restricts proinflammatory (M1) and promotes anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes through NF-κB and p53 inhibition. In contrast, PTEN-reduced PI3K/Akt activity, in P72 carrying cells, favors M1 phenotypes. LPS-stimulated R72 macrophages fail to reduce tumor growth in a mouse model of cancer, in contrast with P72 macrophages, which preserve M1 phenotype in vivo and reduce tumor growth by enhancing antitumor T cell responses, consistent with antitumor functions of M1 macrophages. In addition, P72 macrophages contributed to increased mortality in a mouse model of LPS-induced endotoxemia. Therefore, given the high frequency of P72 in African Americans, cell signaling alterations driven by codon 72 of TP53 SNP may potentially contribute to differences in clinical outcomes and health disparities in common diseases associated with dysregulated macrophage activation.
The efficacy of cryotherapy compared to the other modalities for the management of palmoplantar warts: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Alrashidi Anwar , Shaheen Esraa , Abualola Amal , Alharkan Alanoud A. , Aljuaid Abdulaziz , Alshareef Khalid M. , Ghaddaf Abdullah A. , Alamri Samer , Samarkandy Sahal J.
Published: October 2024

There are several treatment modalities for Palmoplantar Warts (PPW) introduced, but none have been proven to be significantly effective in all patients. The study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of cryotherapy compared to other modalities for PPW.
Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases, along with additional reference and citation tracking from included studies.
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing various treatments for PPW were included.
Two independent pairs extracted the data from the included studies. Outcomes assessed included cure rates, pain scores, recurrence rates, and adverse events. Network meta-analysis using Netmeta in R software was utilized, with treatments ranked by p-scores.
A total of 27 RCTs that enrolled 2,539 participants were deemed eligible. As per p-scores, needling yielded the highest odd for the cure rate (p=1.00), followed by intralesional injection of the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine (p=0.90). For the pain score, 76% topical monochloroacetic acid (p=0.13) showed the lowest mean pain score, while cryotherapy yielded the highest score (p=0.90). Furthermore, cryotherapy showed the highest odds for recurrence rate (p=0.75), followed by intralesional injection of Candida antigen (p=0.61). 0.05% intralesional bleomycin (p=0.93) was the highest agent for adverse events rate, followed by cryotherapy (p=0.61).
Needling was the most effective in achieving a cure rate. Cryotherapy has the highest odds for pain score and recurrence rate, while 0.05% intralesional bleomycin has the highest adverse events profile.
A rare case of loiasis clinically manifested 9 years after the last epidemiological exposure
Authors: Bizzotto Giorgia , De Toni Stefania , Trambaioli Monica , Cornoldi Paola , Ghirardo Roberto , Ruggeri Alberto , Biasio Gianfranco , Leo Anna Maria
Published: October 2024

A 37-year-old Cameroonian patient, residing in Italy for the past nine years without returning to his home country, showed up at the Emergency Department of Cittadella Hospital with acute

hyperemia of the conjunctival tissue, tearing, itching, headache in the right hemisphere and transient edema at ankles and wrists. A foreign body suspected to be a parasite was detected while migrating through his right eye. However, primary identification of the worm was hindered due to partial damage during surgical removal. The laboratory team based on the patient’s history and clinical manifestation, suspected blood infection due to microfi- lariae species and collected a blood sample at 12 pm. Microfilariae of Loa loa were identified in May Grunwald- Giemsa (MGG) staining (count of 270 microfilariae/mL) from a K2-EDTA blood sample. Identification of the microfilariae was based on morphological features, patient country of origin, and periodicity of the life cycle of the parasite.
Urinary incontinence and overactive bladder
Authors: Heyns Chris
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
Uncomplicated cystitis
Authors: Gray Andy
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
Contextual factors experienced by mothers of children with special needs
Authors: Matambanadzo Priscilla , Rhoda Anthea J.
Published: October 2024

Background: Caring for children with special needs places a burden on caregivers. The challenges experienced can be conceptualised as personal and environmental, as per the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework (ICF).Objectives: Supported the caregiver experiences when caring for children with special needs and to conceptualise these needs in relation to the personal and environmental factors set out in the ICF.Method: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted, using purposive and snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data, which were then analysed thematically.Results: A total of six themes arose from the data. Two of these were related to personal factors: unemployment and caregiving, and marital uncertainty. The other four themes were related to environmental factors: family and caregiving factors, educational factors, health-systems challenges and perceptions of children with special needs.Conclusion: Caregivers of children with special needs experienced personal challenges, which resulted in feelings of isolation from family and society. They also faced environmental challenges in sectors such as education and health.Clinical implications: The management of children with special needs should include interventions within their environments to assist caregivers with their tasks. This could contribute to improved quality of life for both the caregivers and their children.
Whether $p$-conductive homogeneity holds depends on $p$
Authors: Cao Shiping , Chen Zhen-Qing
Published: October 2024

We introduce two fractals, in Euclidean spaces of dimension two and three, respectively, such that the

2

-conductive homogeneity holds but there is some

\varepsilon\in (0, 1)

so that the

p

-conductive homogeneity fails for every

p\in (1, 1+\varepsilon)

. In addition, these two fractals have Ahlfors regular conformal dimension within the interval

(1, 2)

and

(2, 3)

, respectively.
What is ballistic transport?
Authors: Damanik David , Malinovitch Tal , Young Giorgio
Published: October 2024

In this article, we review some notions of ballistic transport from the mathematics and physics literature, describe their basic interrelations, and contrast them with other commonly studied notions of wave packet spread.
Políticas públicas para migrantes y refugiados en ciudades de las Américas
Authors: Muñoz-Pogossian Betilde , González-Bengoa Claudia
Published: October 2024

En la región, la migración y el desplazamiento forzado han alcanzado niveles sin precedentes, afectando a todos los países como lugares de origen, tránsito, destino o retorno. La magnitud de los desplazamientos, los retos de protección, los desafíos de seguridad y las presiones internas a nivel nacional y subnacional han obligado a los países a coordinarse y responder de manera innovadora. Las ciudades y municipios han asumido responsabilidades adicionales, evidenciando la necesidad de prácticas innovadoras para manejar estas dinámicas migratorias. En base a este rol local más preponderante, se proponen recomendaciones para que las ciudades puedan profundizar sus soluciones desde el territorio y puedan capitalizar el impacto positivo de la inclusión social y económica de estas personas. La presente investigación revisa el panorama regional, los retos de integración en ciudades y municipios, y destaca prácticas innovadoras y lecciones aprendidas en la gestión de la migración y el desplazamiento forzado en las Américas. Para confeccionar este estudio se ha tomado de base información recopilada en 109 entrevistas realizadas en 25 ciudades de las Américas que sirvió para elaborar un estudio sobre la recepción e integración de las personas migrantes y refugiadas en ciudades, estudio del cual las autoras formaron parte así como con información de fuentes secundarias. Junto a esto se han considerado observaciones de primera mano de las deliberaciones de la Comisión de Asuntos Migratorios de la OEA en la cual las autoras brindan apoyo técnico.
papel geopolítico del sector energético en el desarrollo de América Latina: un análisis utilizando la teoría de los sistemas mundiales de Wallerstein
Authors: Doussoulin Jean Pierre , Doussoulin Eugenio
Published: October 2024

La energía ha desempeñado un papel crucial en la geopolítica, ayudando al auge de las alianzas en la Comunidad Europea, además el orden mundial en la historia contemporánea ha dependido de las fuentes de energía. La geopolítica de la energía ha cobrado últimamente impulso entre académicos y políticos, especialmente en América Latina. Este trabajo ofrece una comprensión crítica de la actualidad, las estructuras geopolíticas de la energía y los agentes en las Américas y pretende estudiar la geopolítica de las relaciones energéticas norte-sur. América Latina posee grandes reservas administradas por empresas estatales en donde ha habido dificultades para separar las diversas funciones del Estado y proporcionar una regulación eficaz de los mercados. Esto ha generado políticas basadas en la privatización y la liberalización, que se han intensificado con la COVID-19. Teniendo en cuenta esta coyuntura, este estudio utiliza el análisis geopolítico y el marco de Wallerstein para discutir la producción y el consumo de energía en los países latinoamericanos. Nuestro análisis sugiere que las energías renovables y el bioetanol representan una oportunidad para la futura integración regional y la paz geopolítica en las Américas.
Gestión de cambio en organizaciones públicas venezolanas de educación media
Authors: Guerra-Rincón Dulce María , Carrillo-Sánchez Sindy Salomé , Guillén-de-Romero Jacqueline , Bracho-Fuenmayor Pedro
Published: October 2024

El estudio tuvo como propósito analizar la gestión de cambio al interior de las organizaciones públicas de Educación Media en Venezuela, tomando en cuenta los soportes teóricos de Vargas (2020), Sanoja (2021), Guevara et al. (2021), entre otros. Se desarrolló bajo el paradigma positivista, con enfoque cuantitativo, investigación de tipo descriptiva, analítica, con diseño no experimental, transeccional, de campo, asumiéndose como población, los directivos y docentes de Educación Media del municipio Maracaibo, Venezuela. La técnica fue la encuesta con un cuestionario de 21 preguntas con escala de Likert, validado según el juicio de 5 expertos y la confiabilidad con Alfa Cronbach, obtuvo un coeficiente de 0.92. Para el análisis se aplicó la estadística descriptiva. Los resultados indicaron que las etapas de la gestión de cambio son inefectivas, por cuanto hay dificultades para aceptar el descongelamiento, y, por ende, el cambio en sí y el recongelamiento. Con respecto a las características del líder para el cambio, se observó son efectivas la comunicación, motivación, carisma y cooperación, encontrando menores valores en este último indicador y evidenciando percepciones diferentes entre directivos y docentes. Se concluye al analizar la gestión de cambio en las organizaciones objeto de estudio, la presencia de debilidades que deben enfrentarse, teniendo en cuenta la posición de los gerentes como líderes transformacionales, genera grandes oportunidades para lograr los desafíos establecidos por el sector educativo y la sociedad actual.
Об оценках параметров процессов диффузионного типа: новый взгляд на последовательные оценки
Authors: Novikov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Shiryaev Albert Nikolaevich , Kordzahiya Nino E
Published: October 2024

В работе изучаются свойства последовательных оценок параметров процессов диффузионного типа $\mathbf{X}=\{X_t, 0\leqslant t\leqslant \tau \}$, где $\tau $ - момент остановки (это включает случай оценок с фиксированным размером выборки). Ранее некоторые теоретические результаты в этом направлении были изложены в монографии Р. Ш. Липцера и А. Н. Ширяева "Статистика случайных процессов" (2001 г.). При существенно менее ограничительных условиях мы выводим формулы для моментов оценки максимального правдоподобия (ОМП) $\widehat{\lambda}_{\tau}$ для параметра $\lambda$ коэффициента сноса, рассматриваемого в форме $f_t(\lambda)=a_t-\lambda b_t$, а также указываем условия для экспоненциальной ограниченности распределения $\widehat{\lambda}_{\tau}$. В приводимых примерах мы рассматриваем эргодический диффузионный процесс $\mathbf X$ с коэффициентом диффузии $\sigma_t=\sigma X_t^{\gamma}$. Мы также приводим ряд аналитических и численных результатов для смещения и среднеквадратической ошибки ОМП $\widehat{\lambda}_{\tau}$ в случае процессов Орнштейна-Уленбека (O-U) и Кокса-Ингерсолла-Росса (CIR), когда $\tau =T$ - фиксированный объем выборки и $\tau =\tau_H$ - специально выбранный момент остановки, который гарантирует заданную величину $1/H$ для дисперсии $\widehat{\lambda}_{\tau_H}$.
ANALYSIS OF THE TOURIST TERRITORIES OF THE PIAUÍ COAST USING THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
Authors: Braga Solano de Souza , Guzzi Anderson , Malta Guilherme Augusto Pereira
Published: October 2024

The article applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate tourism development on the coast of Piauí, Brazil. The assessment of the tourism territories identified on the coast of Piauí was viable due to a quantitative analysis of the region's tourism activity. By quantifying the importance of the variables "means of accommodation," "food services," "tourist attractions," and "access routes" related to the criteria of "cost, "availability," and "quality," it was possible to evaluate each territory. The negative impacts caused by problems related to infrastructure were evident, especially the difficulty of access. AHP proves to be a methodology with the potential to be incorporated into the planning and management process for tourism, as it is effective in characerizing and evaluating territories used by tourism. This study is expected to support the decision-making of municipal and state public authorities concerning the social and environmental impacts of tourism activity on the coast of Piauí, mainly in fragmented territories. Keywords: Analytic Hierarchy Process, Tourism, Piauí, Coast.
ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING AND ANALYSIS FOR IMPACT SIMULATION OF THE BRAZILIAN FOREST CODE IN THE LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE OF DF
Authors: Luiz Carlos Henrique Pires , Steiken Valdir Adilson
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we analyzed the impacts of changes in environmental legislation and the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code – BFC, on the landscape structure. In order to achieve this, data from the Rural Environmental Registry – RER and vegetation/soil coverage maps were used, in addition to a series of other environmental variables, for the construction, calibration and validation of an environmental model capable of simulating the impacts of changes in the law in the Landscape structure, from the perspective of three distinct scenarios. Scenario 1 considers the recovery of Areas of Permanent Preservation – APP and percentages of Legal Reserves – LR in accordance with the current BFC, maintaining the excess of native vegetation – ENV, which are outside these areas; Scenario 2 considers the application of the current BFC and suppression of all remaining native vegetation – RNV which are not located in protected areas; Scenario 3 considers the full recovery of the APP and LR bands, regardless of the size of the property and maintenance of the ENV. As main results, it was identified that in the Federal District, in relation to APP, the change in law represents a loss of 5,285 ha that will no longer be recovered. Most of this unrecovered area, 53%, is located in properties with more than 15 fiscal modules – the larger properties. The amnesty in relation to LR represents 2,459 ha, mainly due to the exceptions found in article 67 of the BFC. Keywords: Rural Environmental Registry, Environmental Regularization Program, Simulation.
Pathologic complete response to conversion therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma using patient-derived organoids: A case report
Authors: He Yong-Gang , Wang Zheng , Li Jing , Xi Wang , Zhao Chong-Yu , Huang Xiao-Bing , Zheng Lu
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

For primary liver cancer, the key to conversion therapy depends on the effectiveness of drug treatment. Patient-derived tumor organoids have been demonstrated to improve the efficacy of conversion therapy by identifying individual-targeted effective drugs, but their clinical effects in liver cancer remain unknown.

CASE SUMMARY

We described a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who achieved pathologic complete response (pCR) to conversion therapy guided by the patient-derived organoid (PDO) drug sensitivity testing. Despite insufficiency of the remaining liver volume after hepatectomy, the patient obtained tumor reduction after treatment with the PDO-sensitive drugs and successfully underwent radical surgical resection. Postoperatively, pCR was observed.

CONCLUSION

PDOs contributes to screening sensitive drugs for HCC patients to realize the personalized treatment and improve the conversion therapy efficacy.
Elevated ETV4 expression in cholangiocarcinoma is linked to poor prognosis and may guide targeted therapies
Authors: Okpete Uchenna E , Byeon Haewon
Published: October 2024

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly aggressive bile duct cancer, is associated with late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment options, leading to poor patient outcomes. Early detection and personalized treatment strategies are crucial. The study by Wang et al highlights the prognostic potential of the PEA3 subfamily genes (ETV1 , ETV4 , and ETV5 ) in CCA, identifying ETV4 as a particularly promising biomarker. Their bioinformatic analysis revealed that elevated ETV4 expression correlates with poorer survival, positioning it as a strong indicator of disease progression. These findings suggest that ETV4 could enhance prognostic precision and guide personalized therapies, although further validation through large-scale clinical trials is essential. Challenges in clinical application include the need for comprehensive experimental validation and addressing the tumor heterogeneity in CCA. Future research should focus on validating these biomarkers in diverse cohorts and developing targeted therapies, especially in regions where CCA is endemic.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer: A review of current technology
Authors: Dhiman Ankita , Kumar Virendra , Das Chandan Jyoti
Published: October 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa) imaging forms an important part of PCa clinical management. Magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice for prostate imaging. Most of the current imaging assessment is qualitative i.e. , based on visual inspection and thus subjected to inter-observer disagreement. Quantitative imaging is better than qualitative assessment as it is more objective, and standardized, thus improving interobserver agreement. Apart from detecting PCa, few quantitative parameters may have potential to predict disease aggressiveness, and thus can be used for prognosis and deciding the course of management. There are various magnetic resonance imaging-based quantitative parameters and few of them are already part of PIRADS v.2.1. However, there are many other parameters that are under study and need further validation by rigorous multicenter studies before recommending them for routine clinical practice. This review intends to discuss the existing quantitative methods, recent developments, and novel techniques in detail.
Ectopic recurrence following treatment of arteriovenous malformations in an adult: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Cao Wen-Yu , Li Jin-Ping , Guo Peng , Song Ling-Xie
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), the gold standard for the diagnosis of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), can show clean nidus resection, leading to a perceived cure. Most cases of intracranial AVM recurrence have been reported in pediatric patients. The conventional understanding indicates that AVMs arise when abnormal blood vessels develop between the fourth and eighth weeks of embryonic development, which coincides with the typical period of blood vessel formation in the brain. As such, recurrent ectopic AVM are rare in adults.

CASE SUMMARY

Herein, we present the case of a 31-year-old adult with a history of an intracranial AVM originally diagnosed with a symptomatic de novo cerebellar AVM formation. Recurrence was observed five years following angiographically-confirmed excision of the initial AVM. DSA performed prior to initial AVM resection indicated no cerebellar abnormalities. Moreover, the recurrent arteries exhibited differences in arteries and draining veins. In addition to reporting this case, we analyzed six previously-reported adult patients with similar ectopic recurrent AVMs. These cases are summarized to review and explore the potential causes of ectopic AVM recurrence in adults, which increase the likelihood of acquired AVM.

CONCLUSION

The clinical course of the reported patients demonstrated the possibility of ectopic AVM recurrence in adults. The median time between the diagnosis of the initial AVM and the occurrence of ectopic recurrent AVM in adults was 11 years (range: 5–20 years). Magnetic resonance imaging follow-up for more than 10 years may be required in adult AVM-treated patients.
High complex anal fistula managed by the modified transanal opening of the intersphincteric space via the inter-sphincteric approach: A case report
Authors: Wang Ya-Qun , Wang Yan , Jia Xiao-Feng , Yan Qiao-Jing , Zheng Xue-Ping
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

High complex anal fistulas are epithelialized tunnels, with the main fistula piercing above the deep external sphincter and the internal opening approaching the dentate line. Conventional surgical procedures for high complex anal fistulas remove most of the external sphincter and damage the anorectal ring. Postoperative loss of anal function can cause physical and mental damage. Transanal opening of the intersphincteric space (TROPIS) is an effective procedure that completely preserves the external anal sphincter. However, its clinical application is limited by challenges in the localization of the internal opening of a fistula and the high risk of complications. On the basis of our clinical experience, we modified the TROPIS procedure for the treatment of treating high complex anal fistulas.

CASE SUMMARY

A patient with a high complex anal fistula located above the anorectal ring underwent modified TROPIS, which involved sepsis drainage and identification of the internal opening in the intersphincteric space. The patient with the high complex anal fistula recovered well postoperatively, without any postoperative complications or anal dysfunction. Anal function returned to normal after 17 months of follow-up.

CONCLUSION

The modified TROPIS procedure is the most minimally invasive surgery for anal fistulas that minimally impairs anal function. It allows the complete removal of infected anal glands and reduces the risk of postoperative complications. Modified TROPIS via the intersphincteric approach is an alternative sphincter-preserving treatment for high complex anal fistulas.
Asymmetric outcomes in bilateral maxillary impacted tooth extractions: A case report
Authors: Liu Han , Wang Fang , Tang Yan-Li , Yan Xing
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The extraction of maxillary impacted teeth is a common procedure in oral surgery, frequently complicated by oroantral communications. For less-experienced clinicians, accurately assessing the difficulty and associated risks of maxillary third molar extractions remain a significant challenge.

CASE SUMMARY

We present a case involving disparate outcomes following bilateral extraction of maxillary third molars. Using cone-beam computed tomography and three-dimensional software, we conducted a digital assessment of the factors contributing to extraction difficulty and risk, controlling for potential confounders. Key variables analyzed included alveolar bone volume, bone quality, crown-root angulation, and maxillary sinus mucosal thickness. Additionally, we introduce the novel concept of "tegmen bone" to quantitatively evaluate the bone mass between the teeth and the maxillary sinus. This unique case, with differing outcomes on opposite sides of the same patient, provided an opportunity to minimize extraneous variables and focus on the local anatomical factors influencing the procedures, thereby improving the precision of our analysis.

CONCLUSION

This case highlights the potential utility of predictive analysis in guiding the management of complex tooth extractions.
Modern problems of sensitization to panallergens
Authors: Zheltikova T. M. , Akhapkina I. G. , Antropova A. B. , Konishcheva A. Yu. , Mazurina S. A. , Mokronosova M. A.
Published: October 2024

Pan-allergens are molecules, mainly proteins of various families, responsible for cross–reactivity to a wide range of related and unrelated allergens. The clinical significance of having sensitization to some pan-allergens, for example, nsLTP, parvalbumins, storage proteins grows from the fact that severe, generalized reactions can develop, for example, nsLTP syndrome. Sensitization to pan-allergens depends on many factors, such as geographical location, age, food preferences, socioeconomic characteristics of the patient. The aim of the study is to identify the pattern of the sensitization to various molecules of pan-allergens in patients with allergic diseases living in the central part of Russia.
We analyzed the sera of a total of 556 patients with allergic diseases in a multiplex enzyme immunoassay. Six profilin molecules, 2 polcalcin molecules, 12 – nsLTP, and 7 parvalbumin molecules were used.
The frequency of IgE-ab to profilins in patients in central Russia is low (5-7%). At the same time, almost all patients with IgE-ab to profilins have IgE-ab to Bet v 1 (PR-10) and concomitantly to other profilins. In this regard, Bet v 1 can be considered as a primary sensitizer. The peculiarity of sensitization to polcalcins and LTPs was the low frequency of detection of IgE-ab to them (from 0.2% to 3%). At the same time, neither the nsLTP molecules of a peach, nor even apples, which are often consumed in central Russia, provoke the development of nsLTP syndrome. The detection rate of IgE-ab to parvalbumin in the sera of all patients with allergic reactions is also relatively not high and is 7-10%. Whereas the frequency of detection of IgE-ab to parvalbumins in the sera of patients with fish allergy is very high and reaches 63-90%. As a rule, IgE-ab are detected to all molecules, i.e., for parvalbumins of all studied fish species.
The sensitization profile to profilins, polcalcins, nsLTP and parvalbumins in patients living in central Russia has its own unique characteristics. One of the primary sensitizers in patients with sensitization to pollen of wind-pollinated trees is Bet v 1 (PR-10 homologue), IgE-ab to which was detected in 42% of patients. The detection rate of IgE-ab for various molecules of pan-allergens in general was low as follows: profilins – 5-7%, polcalcins – 0.5%, nsLTP – 0.2-3%, and parvalbumins – 7-10%.
Hyperemesis gravidarum is a cytokine storm?
Authors: Djabbarova Yu. K. , Abdieva S. , Suyarkulova M. E.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To study the systemic response of proinflammatory cytokines in women suffering from VP. The main group consisted of 47 women with VP, which was divided into 3 subgroups according to severity: the 1st – included 16 patients with mild VP, the 2nd – 15 with moderate severity, and the 3rd – 16 women with severe VP. The control group consisted of 10 pregnant women with a physiological course without signs of toxicosis. Interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα) were determined in the blood serum of pregnant women by solid-phase ELISA using Cytokine test kits (St. Petersburg, Russia).
With increasing severity of toxicosis, there is a significant increase in IL-1β in severe VP – 1.9 times higher than the same value of the norm (p 0.05), 2 times higher than in mild vomiting (p 0.05), and in 1.7 times – with moderate VP (p 0.05). The study of the level of IL-6 revealed a directly proportional increase in the indicator with increasing severity of toxicosis in relation to the control indicator: with mild vomiting – 1.9 times (p 0.05), with moderate vomiting – 2.6 times (p 0.001), and in severe VP – 2.9 times (p 0.0001). A significant decrease in the level of TNFα was observed with increasing severity of toxicosis in relation to the control indicator: with mild vomiting – by 1.5 times (p 0.05), with moderate vomiting – by 1.9 times (p 0.05), and with severe VP – 2.1 times (p 0.05).
Excessive secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 (2 and 3 times, respectively), exceeding the norm, with a sharp suppression of TNFα production (2 times) can be considered as predictors of a “cytokine storm”, clinically occurring with multiple organ failure up to death if the pregnancy is not terminated in a timely manner.
Growth factor dysregulation and placental dysfunction
Authors: Azizova Z. Sh. , Eshimbetova G. Z. , Zhuraeva D. M.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of angiogenic and antiangiogenic vascular growth factors in placental dysfunction, which is of great importance in obstetrics and perinatology. The study of growth factors as predictors of the development of placental dysfunction makes it possible to determine in advance the development of many obstetric pathologies, including preeclampsia and fetal growth retardation, which is of great practical importance. The authors conducted an immunological study of pregnant women with placental dysfunction and pregnant women with a physiological pregnancy. Purpose of the study: to study serum growth factors in women with placental dysfunction.
We examined 47 pregnant women with a gestation period of 26-40 weeks, with a diagnosis of placental dysfunction, who were under observation in the obstetric department of the city maternity complex No. 3 of the city of Tashkent. The control group consisted of 35 women with a physiological pregnancy. All women underwent an immunological blood test: cellular and humoral immunity, as well as cytokines (VEGF-A, PlGF, sFlt-1, sFlt-1/PlGF) were studied. Based on the results obtained, the authors suggest that an increased level of soluble sFlt-1 and a simultaneous decrease in the levels of VEGF-A and PlGF in pregnant women at 26-40 weeks of gestation may portend the development of pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, and increase the risk of premature birth. Ddelivery due to impaired placental blood flow and oxygen deficiency for the fetus, lead to deterioration of microcirculation, and insufficient levels of VEGF-A and PlGF can contribute to vascular endothelial dysfunction, which can also contribute to the development of preeclampsia. The studied angiogenic and antiangiogenic vascular growth factors are important indicators and can serve as markers for predicting pregnancy complications for active medical intervention in maintaining the health of both mother and child.
Response of lymphoid organs to immunization with Fc fragments of IgG carrying epitopes specific to regulatory rheumatoid factor
Authors: Beduleva L. V. , Sidorov A. Yu. , Terentiev A. S. , Fomina K. V. , Menshikov I. V.
Published: October 2024

Previously, we identified a new factor of autoimmunity downregulation, called regulatory rheumatoid factor (regRF). The production of regRF was associated with the resistance of animals to the experimental autoimmune diseases or with the remission in animals that are sensitive to the autoimmune diseases. The action of regulatory rheumatoid factor is based on the killing of activated CD4 T lymphocytes expressing PD-1, which makes it possible to restrain the expansion of lymphocytes, including autoreactive ones. RegRF-specific epitopes (regRF epitopes) can be induced on IgG Fc fragments. Immunization of rats with homologous IgG Fc fragments bearing regRF epitopes suppresses symptoms, lymphocytic infiltration and target tissue damage in several experimental models of autoimmune diseases. An in vitro study of the mechanisms of regRF-producing lymphocytes activation by IgG Fc fragments carrying regRF epitopes showed that IgG Fc fragments carrying regRF epitopes are T cell-independent antigens type 2. The reactions of the immune system, in particular in lymphoid organs, to T cell-independent antigens type 2, especially having a protein nature, are poorly studied. The purpose of this work is to study the reactions of the spleen and lymph nodes of rats to immunization with IgG Fc fragments carrying regRF epitopes. Wistar rats were immunized subcutaneously with 500 μg of homologous IgG Fc fragments carrying regRF epitopes. Control animals received an injection of phosphate-buffered saline. Immunization with IgG Fc fragments carrying regRF epitopes caused a transient increase of regulatory rheumatoid factor blood level with a maximum on day 7 after immunization. It was found that immunization with IgG Fc fragments carrying regRF epitopes does not cause a reaction in the regional and distal lymph nodes of rats, but induces the development of secondary follicles in spleen that exist for at least 28 days. On day 49, the number of follicles with germinal centers in the spleen of rats immunized with IgG Fc fragments carrying regRF epitopes was lower than in control rats. Consequently, the reaction of splenic follicles in rats immunized with IgG Fc fragments carrying regRF epitopes is transient. No changes were detected in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (splenic T cell zone) in rats immunized with IgG Fc fragments carrying regRF epitopes. Thus, IgG Fc fragments carrying regRF epitopes, being a T cell-independent antigens type 2, do not cause a reaction in the lymph nodes, but induce the development of germinal centers in the spleen that exist for several weeks.
Comparative characteristics of the blood cytokine profile in gastritis in schoolchildren with a family predisposition to gastric cancer and peptic ulcer
Authors: Polivanova T. V. , Vshivkov V. A.
Published: October 2024

The formation of diseases of the gastric and duodenum in the adult population begins at school age. Among the leading risk factors for their formation are family predisposition (to peptic ulcer disease (PU), gastric cancer). The basis for their formation is gastritis, the course of which is actively influenced by cytokines. Aim. To study the characteristics of cytokine levels in blood serum in schoolchildren with gastritis and a family history of gastric cancer and peptic ulcer. A total of 179 schoolchildren with gastroenterological complaints were examined. All subjects underwent an endoscopic examination with biopsies taken from the antrum of the gastric and morphological confirmation of gastritis (Sydney classification). The presence of H. pylori was also determined by morphological method. The level of cytokines in the blood (IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-18, IL- 1β, IFNα, TNFα) was determined by ELISA. The study found that schoolchildren with a burden of ulcer had a decreased IL-1β in comparison with children without aggravation (p = 0.005), and with children with a burden of cancer (p = 0.030). Also, IFNα was increased in schoolchildren with a burden of ulcerative disease (p = 0.001) and gastric cancer (p = 0.038). A decrease in IL-1β was found in children with aggravated ulcer disease, both with H. pylori infection (p = 0.048) and without it (p = 0.043). IL-1β plays an important role in the immune response to H. pylori infection. In addition, it is known that during H. pylori infection the level of IL-1β increases, which is accompanied by inhibition of gastric acidity. There was a decrease in IL-1β and an increase in IFNα in children with aggravated ulcer disease, regardless of the activity of inflammation. In addition, they observed an increase in TNFα (p = 0.04) with high gastritis activity (stage 2-3). In addition, in children with ulcer burden and high gastritis activity, IL-4 is increased (p = 0.018). Thus, in children with a family history of both peptic ulcers and gastric cancer, there are features of the association of specific cytokines with gastritis, as well as its activity and H. pylori infection.
Antibodies to HIV-1 gp120 in an experimental model of atherosclerosis caused by immunization with native high-density lipoproteins
Authors: Snigirev A. Ya. , Terentieva O. S. , Shklyaeva N. P.
Published: October 2024

Antibodies to bacterial and viral antigens are detected in some systematic autoimmune diseases in the absence of infection. Autoimmune MRL mice and patients with mixed connective tissue disease produce antibodies to gp120 HIV-1, despite the fact that they had never been exposed to HIV-1. Conversely, viral infections may be accompanied by pathological autoimmune reactions. Reactivity to viral antigens in autoimmune diseases and autoimmune reactions in viral diseases are caused by the induction of antibodies via idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions between autoclones and lymphocyte clones against foreign antigens or homology of foreign antigens and autoantigens. Cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis are currently one of the main causes of mortality in HIV infected patients. It is assumed that HIV infection accelerates atherogenesis. The mechanisms of the association between HIV infection and atherosclerosis are not completely clear. Chronic activation of the immune system, disturbance of cytokine regulation caused by HIV infection, induction of autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and antibodies to ApoB-D are considered as possible factors of atherogenesis in HIV infection. The aim of this research was to determine whether an atherogenic immune response against native human high-density lipoproteins (nHDL) could induce antibodies to gp120 HIV-1. Studies were conducted on model of autoimmune atherosclerosis caused by immunization with native human HDL in rabbits. Rabbits (n = 6) were one-time intradermally immunized with human nHDL at a dose of 200 μg of protein per animal in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. Antibodies to gp120 HIV-1 were measured before immunization of rabbits and on the 28th and 42th day after immunization with HDL, and antibodies to HDL were weekly measured within 42 days after immunization. Histological analysis of the aorta was conducted after eight months after immunization. Transient anti-gp120 HIV-1 antibody production was detected in rabbits immunized with native HDL. The appearance of antibodies to gp120 HIV-1 in response to immunization with native HDL which causes atherosclerosis suggests that the immune response to gp120 HIV-1 during HIV infection may be accompanied by the production of atherogenic antibodies to HDL. Consequently, the antibodies to native lipoproteins caused by an immune response against gp120 HIV-1 may be a factor in atherogenesis during HIV-1 infection.
Physical-information model of the immune system as a development of P.K. Anokhin’s theory of functional systems
Authors: Moiseev V. I. , Mochalov K. S , Goloviznin M. V.
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the standard immunological model, which is based on the principles of random combination of molecules and cells and their random encounter with their complementary sites, which is accompanied by the formation of reversible complexes and/or a cascade of subsequent reactions. In its purity, such a model gives rise to various kinds of paradoxes that do not correspond to the reality of immune processes. As a rule, the development of immunology is expressed in the construction of more and more detailed links of immunologic events, but the addition of each new event to the chain of links should lead not to acceleration, but to slowing down of the final process within the combinatorial-complementary system. In this connection, the question of a new possible model of the immune system is raised, which is based on P.K. Anokhin’s theory of functional systems. As its further development the physical-information model (PhIM) of the immune system is proposed, which assumes two plans, informational and physical, of the immune system organization and their coordination on the basis of the ideas of organic potential and processes of conjugation. The information plan is represented as an abstract space of degrees of freedom of the system, analogous to phase space in physics. The current and final state of the system can be represented as points of the state space, the activity of the system with the transition from the current to the final state, as a trajectory in this space. The acceptor of the action result in the theory of functional systems of P.K. Anokhin is connected in this case with the image of the final state as the result of the system action. The construction of the trajectory of the system’s activity can be represented as the direction of reduction of the organic potential of the system, by analogy with that in the case of physical systems and their physical potentials. The organic potential reaches a minimum in the final state and expresses the need of the biosystem as a result of action.
The role of immuno-mediated dysregulation in the progression of allergic pathology in military personnel under occupational stress
Authors: Zaitseva N. S. , Sizyakina L. P. , Urazmambetov R. T.
Published: October 2024

In order to identify clinical and immunological predictors of the progression of allergopathology in military personnel participating in special operations under conditions of professional stress, 43 military personnel participating in special operations divided into two groups were examined. Group 1 consisted of officers with allergopathology or who first debuted symptoms of allergic diseases during or within 6 months after participating in special operations (n = 13, average age 36.4±4.5 years). Group 2 included officers participating in special operations who did not have symptoms of allergic diseases (n = 13, average age 36.4±4.5 years). The analysis of complaints and medical documentation were carried out. Clinical and laboratory examination was performed without exacerbation of somatic pathology. The immune status was assessed by the expression of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD19+, HLA-DR+, intracellular FoxP3 content in CD4+CD25+T cells, granzyme B in CD3-CD16+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes using appropriate monoclonal antibodies (Beckman Coulter) and taking into account the results on the cytofluorometer “FC 500”. Immunological monitoring was performed before participation in hostilities and 6 months after return. A comparative assessment of the cellular and humoral state of military personnel of both comparison groups before leaving for an area with an unfavorable operational situation revealed the following differences. In the group of military personnel with allergic manifestations, significantly fewer CD4+ lymphocytes were noted, as well as significantly fewer CD3+CD4+CD25+FoxP3 regulatory lymphocytes and an increase in the number of circulating B lymphocytes were recorded. When dynamically monitoring the parameters of the cellular and humoral immune response in military personnel participating in hostilities, 6 months after returning from a business trip to areas with an unfavorable operational situation, unidirectional changes in the immune status were recorded in the form of a violation of the differentiation processes of the T cell link of the immune system. In the group of servicemen suffering from allergic diseases, the revealed changes were accompanied by a weakening of the processes of physiological immunosuppression in the form of a persistent decrease in the content of regulatory T lymphocytes in the dynamics of observation for 6 months.