bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Mass Transfer Coefficients in a Three-Phase Pulsed Plate Bioreactor
Authors: Shetty K.V. , Srinikethan G.
Published: August 2010

Volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient is a decisive parameter for the selection of any contactor as an aerobic bioreactor. A pulsed plate column with fixed bed of solids in interplate spaces is a recent innovation in the field of immobilized cell bioreactors. Volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficients are determined in a three-phase pulsed plate column involving air and water phases and with a fixed bed of glass particles, which can serve as a surface for cell immobilization packed in the interplate spaces. The volumetric mass transfer coefficients obtained in this column range from 0.067 to 0.1495 s-1 in the range of air superficial velocities from 0.011 to 0.047m/s and vibrational velocities from 0.825 to 6cm/s. Volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient has increased with the increase in superficial air velocity and vibrational velocity. Empirical correlation relating kLa with these variables was developed. The volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient values in the three-phase pulsed plate column are found to be similar or higher than the literature reported values for conventional two-phase pulsed plate columns. The values of volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficients in the three-phase pulsed plate column are of higher order of magnitude than the literature reported values of volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient for many other three-phase gas-liquid-solid reactors. The pulsed plate column with fixed bed of solids is proven to have all the potential to be used as an aerobic bioreactor with immobilized cells due to its better gas-liquid mass transfer characteristics.
Simulation of Size Distributions of TiO2 Nanoparticles in a Propane/Air Flame
Authors: Xie Hongyong , Chen Shi
Published: August 2010

Size distributions of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized in a propane/air flame CVD process have been simulated by CFD code Fluent. The flame is simulated by EDM and standard k-? model with non-equilibrium wall functions in the wall region. SIMPLE method is selected for pressure-velocity coupling and the convection term is discretized with first-order upwind scheme. Radiant energy absorption and irradiant are incorporated in the enthalpy balance by P1 model. Particle growth and size distributions are simulated by the implementation of integral collision kernel in particle dynamics and the condition of particle volume conservation into CFD code Fluent. Comparisons on number frequency size distributions between measured and predicted have been made and the results showed that the integral collision kernel gave reasonable predictions on both size and size distributions.
Metagenomic analysis of soil microbial communities
Authors: Djokic Lidija , Savic M. , Narancic Tanja , Vasiljevic Branka
Published: August 2010

Ramonda serbica and Ramonda nathaliae, rare resurrection plants growing in the Balkan Peninsula, produce a high amount of phenolic compounds as a response to stress. The composition and size of bacterial communities in two rhizosphere soil samples of these plants were analyzed using a metagenomic approach. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments together with DAPI staining showed that the metabolically active bacteria represent only a small fraction, approximately 5%, of total soil bacteria. Using universal bacteria - specific primers 16S rDNA genes were amplified directly from metagenomic DNAs and two libraries were constructed. The Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RLFP) method was used in library screening. Amongst 192 clones, 35 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were determined from the rhizosphere of R. nathaliae, and 13 OTUs out of 80 clones in total from the library of R. serbica. Representative clones from each OTU were sequenced. The majority of sequences from metagenomes showed very little similarity to any cultured bacteria. In conclusion, the bacterial communities in the studied soil samples showed quite poor diversity. .
Evaluation of the neurotoxical effect of aluminum on the Wistar rat
Authors: Martac L. , Podgorac J. , Sekulic S.
Published: August 2010

Our previous investigations on an animal model of neurotoxicity show that increased power in the delta range is connected with the neurotoxic effect of aluminum exposure. In this study we used several aluminum-treated animals as a reliable model for the evaluation of the neurotoxic effects of aluminum on neurons, and compared it with a control group. We conclude that spectral analysis and the ratio between the delta and theta ranges might be reliable for a qualitative description of the neurotoxic effect of aluminum, and that the t test might be used to evaluate the change in brain activity between the treated and control groups of animals. The animal model under anesthesia was used to describe the state of brain activity with neurotoxicity with suppressed functional connectivity in the brain structure. We also performed fractal analysis to quantitatively describe neurotoxic effect in different pathophysiological states of animals treated with different doses of aluminum. A decrease in the fractal dimension is an indicator of neurodegeneration in the state of stress. This animal model is suitable for evaluation of the neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's disease. .
Glutathione status in the blood of rats after reticulocytosis induced by phenylhydrazine and bleeding
Authors: Markovic Snezana , Obradovic Ana , Zizic Jovana , Ognjanovic Branka , Stajn A.S. , Saicic Zorica , Spasic M.B.
Published: August 2010

In this experiment, we compared the in vivo effects of phenylhydrazine (PHZ) and bleeding treatment on the redox status and glutathione antioxidative mechanism parameters in the plasma and red blood cells (RBC) of rats. Results showed a lower level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a higher level of lipid peroxidation and the effective antioxidative role of the glutathione system in the blood of bleeding rats. PHZ-treatment induced higher concentrations of ROS and an accumulation of oxidized glutathione in the plasma, while the glutathione system showed a satisfactory antioxidative capacity in the RBC of rats. When comparing the two anemic groups, the PHZ-treated rats showed marked oxidative stress in the plasma. .
Implications of rbcL phylogeny for historical biogeography of genus Mercurialis L.: Estimating age and center of origin
Authors: Jovanovic V. , Cvetkovic Dragana
Published: August 2010

The aim of this study was to address questions concerning the historical biogeography of the genus Mercurialis in the subfamily Acalyphoideae. Applying a molecular clock to obtained rbcL phylogeny, we estimated the minimal age of divergence of genus Mercurialis to ~65-66 Ma, placing it at the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary. We used ancestral area analysis and dispersal-vicariance analysis to infer the center of origin of the genus. Contrary to previous hypothesis, our results show that Mercurialis originated in Indomalaya and migrated westward, while the Mediterranean area was most probably the center of ecological diversification and further speciation. Evolutionary events of vicariance and dispersals were reconstructed in a proposed scenario of divergence of Mercurialis within Acalyphoideae. .
E-p-methoxycinnamic acid production in hairy root cultures of Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel
Authors: Park Sang , Li Xiaohua , Eom Seok , Lee Chung , Lee Sook
Published: August 2010

E-p-methoxycinnamic acid (MCA) is one of the main active constituents of Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel and has hepatoprotective, anti-amnestic, and neuroprotective activities. For studying in vitro production of MCA, we established a hairy root culture of S. buergeriana by infecting leaf explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes R1000, and tested the growth and MCA production of these cultures using different strengths of media and concentrations of auxins. Hairy roots grown in half-strength MS medium showed the highest levels of growth (10.3 g/l) as well as MCA production (0.83 mg/100 g dry weight). Hairy root culture with the treatment of 0.5 mg/l IBA produced the highest amount of dry weight (11.8 g/l) and MCA (1.26 mg/100 g dry weight) production. These results demonstrate that the hairy root culture of S. buergeriana is a valuable alternative approach for the production of MCA. .
The influence of nickel sulphate on some physiological aspects of two cultivars of Raphanus sativus L.
Authors: Latif Helmy
Published: August 2010

In this study two cultivars of radish Raphanus sativus cv. longipinnatus (white radish) and Raphanus sativus cv. Cherry Belle (red radish) were treated with different concentrations of nickel sulphate (0.0-50-100-150-200 ppm). The fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, photosynthetic pigments, some antioxidant enzymes, total carbohydrates, total proteins and the SDS-PAGE protein profile of both cultivars were determined after 32 days. The results showed that increasing nickel sulphate concentrations decreased the fresh and dry weights of the shoots and roots, photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates and total protein in both cultivars. Higher concentrations of nickel sulphate increased the activity of catalase, peroxidase and polypenol oxidase. Electrophoresis banding profiles of proteins revealed qualitative and quantitative changes, and also the appearance or disappearance of some bands of the two cultivars. .
Diversity of species of the family Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) in Serbia
Authors: Gavrilovic B. , Curcic S.B.
Published: August 2010

On the basis of literature data and personally collected entomological material, we made a faunistic and zoogeographical analysis of the family Scarabaeidae in Serbia. A total of 178 species, 83 genera, 15 tribes, and 7 subfamilies of the family Scarabaeidae are recorded from Serbia. The majority of findings are from the territory of northern Serbia, while western Serbia is the least explored region. Most of the species have a wide distribution range; therefore on the basis of the zoogeographical classification, 65.17% of the species belong to some of the Holarctic chorotypes, 34.27% of the species are included in some of the European chorotypes, while 0.56% are subcosmopolitan. .
Morphological variation of the Common Lizard (Zootoca vivipara Jacquin, 1787) in the Central Balkans
Authors: Ljubisavljevic Katarina , Jovic D. , Dzukic G.
Published: August 2010

The variation in some of the morphometric, meristic and qualitative characters of the Common Lizard (Zootoca vivipara) in five population samples from mountains of the Central Balkans was analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics. The morphological differentiation was greater in males than in females and is more expressed in the morphometric than in the pholidosis and qualitative characters. The largest differences in morphometric traits appeared between the populations from the Sara and Stara Planina mountains. The 'median' pileus pattern generally prevailed, with the appearance of other states in a certain proportion in some of the populations. Further analyses of the possible morphological and ecological distinctions of the population from Mt Tara are proposed. .
On three new cave pseudoscorpion species (Pseudoscorpiones, Neobisiidae) from Mt. Mosor, Dalmatia (Croatia)
Authors: Curcic B.P.M. , Makarov S.E. , Radja T. , Curcic S.B. , Curcic Nina , Pecelj M.
Published: August 2010

Most subterranean pseudoscorpions are concentrated in regions with a Mediterranean climate. Although data on the abundance of pseudoscorpion species in the humid tropics are lacking, preliminary observations suggest that the number of species is greater in the Mediterranean area than in tropical rain forests. Speciation in pseudoscorpions has not been studied in great detail. New taxa are constantly being described. Exact data on the different niche preferences which are a prerequisite for evolutionary studies are available for only a few cases. The pseudoscorpions are not particularly suitable for genetic investigations due to their extended generation times. The cave-dwelling forms of the genus Neobisium L. Koch comprise many phyletic lines, some less specialized and others highly adapted to cave life. To trace their origin, biogeography and evolution, it is necessary to compare the evidence about troglobitic species with that of the epigean forms from different European habitats, especially in the Mediterranean or Dinaric regions. To the south of the river Zrmanja, up to the lower Neretva valley, a massive Holokarst region rises to a considerably height. Many summits attain between 1800 and 2000 m, and Mt. Dinara gave its name to both the Dinaric region and the Dinaric Karst. The karst of Mt. Mosor (and Mts. Kozjak and Biokovo), is quite different from that previously discussed. This is a zone of younger, intensively folded mountains. Their karst, although young, appears to be deep and almost fully developed. In this study, descriptions of Neobisium montdori n. sp., N. mosorensis n. sp., and N. dalmatinum Beier, 1939, all from caves on Mt. Mosor, Dalmatia (Croatia), have been presented, with some details on the comparative morphology of both sexes and tritonymph.
Middle phalangeal hair distribution in Serbian high school students
Authors: Nesic Milkica , Cicevic Svetlana , Ciric Milan , Nesic Vladimir
Published: August 2010

The aim of this paper was to explore hairiness of the middle phalanges on both hands of Serbian high school students. The total sample comprised 425 pupils in the town of Nis of Serbian nationality, aged 15-19 years. Hairiness on the middle phalanges of second, third, fourth and fifth fingers was detected by inspection with a magnifying glass. The results showed that hairiness was more frequent on the fifth finger of boys. The investigation of the hairiness on the middle phalanges of both hands in the region of Nis may be, in comparison with anthropological investigations of other regions, important in the investigation of the genetic cause of the hairiness on the middle phalanges. .
Transmission of different nucleopolyhedroviruses by two ectoparasitoids: Bracon hebetor say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Euplectrus plathypenae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: eulophidae)
Authors: Stoianova Emanouela , Balevski Nikolay
Published: August 2010

The transmission of nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) of Autographa gamma (AgNPV), Mamestra brassicae (MbNPV), Lacanobia oleraceae (LoNPV), Helicoverpa armigera (HaNPV) and Xantia c-nigrum (XnNPV) to their relevant larvae by the ectoparasitoid Bracon hebetor and the transmission of the multiple-enveloped NPVs of Spodoptera exigua (SeMNPV) and Spodoptera frugiperda (SfMNPV) by the ectoparasitoid Euplectrus plathypenae was examined. Two methods of contamination of the both parasitoids (exposure to infected hosts and total body surface) and two subsequent transmissions of the viruses by Bracon hebetor to healthy hosts were tested. The results showed that both parasitoids were capable to be mechanical vectors of the tested NPVs. Every Bracon hebetor female was able to transmit subsequently twice the virus in 27% to 52.2% of the five Noctuidae species by preliminary exposing to infected larvae. The second method of contamination (applying virus suspension to the total body surface of the parasitoid) was also efficient causing virus infection in between 29.4% and 54.15% of the larvae. The parasitoid E. plathypenae transmited the virus from infected to noninfected larvae in 20% and 25.57% of the S. frugiperda and S. exigua larvae, and 6.43% and 11.10%, respectively of them died from the virus infection. The same observation was established by the second method of contamination - respectively 33.33% and 40% infection and between 13.23% and 16.67% mortality. The mortality of all tested larvae exposed to virus contaminated parasitoids was higher when the parasitoid entire body surface had been artificially contaminated with the virus than when the parasitoid itself was previously allowed to oviposit the larvae.
Effects of essential oils from thyme, cinnamon and clove on mycelial growth of Colletotrichum acutatum
Authors: Duduk Natasa , Obradovic Aleksa , Ivanovic Mirko
Published: August 2010

Effects of the volatile phase of thyme, cinnamon and clove essential oils on Colletotrichum acutatum were investigated. Mycelial disc was placed in the center of the Petri dish (V=66 ml) containing PDA. Different volumes of either non- or ethanol-diluted essential oils were placed on the inner side of the dish cover to obtain final concentrations of 153, 107, 76, 46, 15, 14, 12, 11, 7.6, 3.82, 1.53, 0.153 and 0.0153 ?l/L of air. The dishes were sealed with Parafilm and incubated in up-side-down position. After 7 days of incubation, mycelial growth was recorded by measuring the colony diameter. If no mycelial growth was recorded, the disc was transferred to a new PDA plate in order to evaluate whether the activity was either fungistatic or fungicidal. Mean growth values were obtained and then converted to inhibition percentage of mycelial growth compared with the control treatment. All the tested essential oils inhibited mycelial growth of C. acutatum in the dose dependent manner. Mycelial growth was totally inhibited by thyme oil in the concentration of 76 ?l/L of air. The same results were obtained by cinnamon and clove oil in the concentration of 107 ?l/L of air. Thyme and cinnamon oil had fungicidal effect in concentrations of 107 and 153 ?l/L respectively. The results obtained provide evidence on the antifungal in vitro effect of the tested essential oils as potential means for the control of C. acutatum.
Effect of weeds and some methods for their control in seed production stands of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.)
Authors: Dimitrova Tsvetanka
Published: August 2010

During the 2007-2009 period in the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops a study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the effect of weeds and some methods for their control in seed production stands of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.). The trial was carried out on a slightly leached chernozem on an area with a natural background of weed infestation. As a result of the study it was found: Establishment of very uniform and productive seed production stands of sainfoin required effective weed control concentrated mainly in the first year when the degree of weed infestation was the highest and reached to a number of 245 plants/m2 and the fresh weed biomass to 1311 g/m2. The chemical control method showed the highest efficacy had the highest efficiency when, in the year of stand establishment at the stage of second-fourth true leaf of sainfoin, the treatment was conducted with imazamox 40g/l (Pulsar 40) at the dose of 48 g a.i./ha or with the system of Bentazon 600 g/l (Basagran 600 SL) - 900 g a.i./ha - fluazifop-P-butyl g/l (Fusilad Forte) - 120 g a.i./ha. In the years of seed production in spring at the beginning of vegetation, the treatment was conducted with imazamox 40 g/l (Pulsar 40) at the dose of 20 g a.i./ha + adjuvant DESH at the dose of 1000 ml/ha. An alternative to the chemical method is to sow sainfoin under cover of spring barley achieving more complete use of the area in the first year, a weed suppressive and ecological effect, but some negative residual effect on the crop was also observed; The pure stands of sainfoin with chemical control of weeds had the highest seed productivity, exceeding the zero check by 24 to 28%, followed by the stands with spring barley as a cover crop with an increase of 12% and the mixed stands of sainfoin with crested wheatgrass had the lowest productivity.
Overcoming of soil contamination with pesticides in forest nurseries using the activity of microorganisms
Authors: Freiberg Irina , Stetsenko Svetlana
Published: August 2010

The use of pesticides during cultivation of pine seedlings in forest nurseries results in the formation two phenotypes of teratomorph seedlings - conditionally normal and abnormal. Growing forest cultures from teratomorph seedlings leads to their low survival rate. It is known that pesticides and their metabolic products can remain in soil for many years. It is therefore impossible to rely only on natural degradation of pesticides in soil. A promising way of removing pesticides from soil is their microbiological decomposition. This method is preferable because there is a meliorative organic substance not far from forest nurseries - i.e. forest litter rich in microorganisms. The purpose of these experiments was to examine the influence of forest litter applied on pesticide decomposition in soil and morphology of pine seedlings. The rates of forest litter that were most effective in decomposition of pesticides and the activity of microbial communities in litter, depending on forest stand structure, were determined. Estimation of that action was based on the morphology of seedlings (rate of pine seedlings with normal, conditionally normal and abnormal phenotypes), intensity of CO2 emission from soil and catalase activity, which correlates with the number of soil microorganisms. The results of these experiments showed the most effective activity of forest litter at the application rate of 20 kg/m2. The number of seedlings with normal phenotype rose from 32% up to 40%. Besides, it was noted that saprophytes were most effective in pine forest litter, which is characterized by a more acid reaction of soil solution, while most others were rich in fungi. The highest number of normal phenotype seedlings, intensity of CO2 emission and activity of soil catalase were correlated with the microbiological activity of the applied pine forest litter.
Women, professorship and unequal opportunities
Authors: Tomic Marta
Published: August 2010

This text deals with the problem of unequal opportunities for women who are employed at higher education institutions, which have affinities in the scientific and teaching careers in institutions where they work. The aim of this paper is to show that women are part of masculine culture, and as such, they are gender- determined and subordinated in the dominant male academic teaching profession. The problem of the slow progress of women in the academic profession is deeply social rooted and it is difficult to see clear mechanisms by which it is persistently maintained and operated. Certainly these mechanisms, which stop a woman on a particular step in the promotion of her career have a stronghold on many levels because they act with great power. In the sphere of education and science, women are still a minority. Women in teaching and scientific profession are further handicapped by an integrated structural and cultural barriers and also a system that clearly works against them.
Violence against women with disabilities
Authors: Dimitrijevic Jelena
Published: August 2010

Research have shown that women with disabilities are among the most vulnerable members of our society. Also, research suggested that they are at the same or higher risk of victimization by psychological/ emotional, physical and sexual violence in comparison to women without disabilities. Often perceived as 'easy' target, they easily become victims of violence commited by strangers, but also by persons on whom they physically, emotionally or economically depend: husbands/ intimate partners, family members, friends, acquaintances, caregivers and the institution staff in which they have treatment and/or rehabilitation. Frequently, violence is repeated, while women, who are revictimized more than once, often for years, remain alone. Institutions and organizations which should offer help and support to victims of violence and crime in general, usually fail to respond effectively to needs of victims with disability. The subject of the paper is violence against women with disabilities, whereas purpose is to point out the scope of violence against women with disabilities in the world and region. The author has explored available research about these topic and in addition to the scope, also presented key characteristics of the violence and capability of mainstream services to respond to needs of women with disabilities who have experienced abuse.
Holodynski and Friedlmeyer's internalization model: Overview and criticism of a modern theory of emotional development
Authors: Miric Jovan
Published: August 2010

The paper presents a modern theory of emotional development - the Holodynski and Friedlmeyer's theory, as well as the criticism pointed at this theory. The author presents the key tenets of the theory: that emotional expressions of an infant are nonfocused, that the caregiver interprets and mirrors infant expressions, that an infant then imitates the expressions mirrored in such a way, that before speech occurs the expressions are transformed into signs, that those signs become internalized around the age of six, that auto-regulation later originates from social regulation of emotions. The author points out to similarities of this theory to the L. S. Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development. The critical commentary of the theory focuses on some of its shortcomings. First, the theory does not offer sufficient evidence in favor of the claim about the internalization of expressive signs. Second, some research findings contradict the assumption of caregiver's mirroring of infant's emotional expressions. Third, the internalization assumption implies that the (internalized) sign does not only refer to, but even creates emotional feelings. Finally, the paper points out the various inconsistencies present in Holodynski and Friedlmeyer's text. The advantageous aspects of this theory are reflected in encompassing the whole life span and carrying important educational implications.
Governing education systems: International trends and main topics
Authors: Stankovic Dejan
Published: August 2010

The paper presents different approaches and international trends in governing education systems and analyses the causes of the perceived convergence of education policies in this field. An overview of the situation in countries throughout the world indicates an increasingly greater mutual similarity in governing education systems, especially when it comes to insisting on the following: searching for balance in (de)centralization of the system, increasing school autonomy, reinforcing the role of evaluation and professional accountability, and developing quasi-market regulatory mechanisms in education. The author argues that convergence of governing education systems is conditioned by common, primarily, economic challenges and increasingly greater importance of transnational regulation in education. Besides the traditional ways of transferring, such as borrowing solutions from other systems, numerous multilateral organizations have lately had a significant role in transnational spreading of education policy. In the concluding part, the author argues that a relatively neglected model of internal school development, based on the idea of organizational learning, has a potential to significantly complement the prevailing regulatory models and thereby enhance their effectiveness and efficiency.
General beliefs of teachers and students about working and living environment: Implications for mutual cooperation
Authors: Polovina Nada
Published: August 2010

The paper empirically tests the assumption that parents' perspective and teachers' perspective in the situation of cooperation are generated from the guiding action of general beliefs of both about their role and the conditions of its fulfillment in the existing everyday working and living conditions. The research sample consists of 270 respondents who were divided into three subsamples (170 teachers, 60 parents/teachers, 40 parents) by the research draft. For the purposes of the research, three varieties (with respect to the three aspects of respondent's role) of the same questionnaire (isomorphic open-ended questions, narrative answers) were created. The questions were thematised around the way teachers and parents observe difficulties in functioning, each from their own role, the way they determine their causes and consequences, and the kinds of support resources they use in the endeavors to cope with difficulties. The results indicate that the difficulty reported by parents to be conditioned by systemic factors (the lack of time for children due to providing work and money) gains the status of external/systemic causes of degradation of educational values in teachers' beliefs (delegating responsibility to parents for systemic difficulties), which can pose a significant obstacle to relational understanding. The finding points out to the importance of developing the skill of change of perspective in teachers in order to achieve coordination of differences in beliefs and develop an internal framework of mutual understanding.
Self-determination theory and understanding of student motivation in physical education instruction
Authors: Djordjic Visnja , Tubic Tatjana
Published: August 2010

Physical education is considered to be a favorable context for accomplishment of important educational outcomes and promotion of physical activity in children and youth. The real scope of physical education instruction largely depends on student motivation. Self-determination theory, as a specific macrotheory of motivation, offers a rewarding framework for understanding student motivation in physical education instruction. The paper presents the basic tenets of self-determination theory, the most important studies in the domain of physical education and didactic and methodical implications. Two mini-theories within the self-determination theory are analyzed in more detail, the cognitive evaluation theory and the organismic integration theory. Empirical verification of the theoretical tenets indicates the existence of typical motivational profiles of students in physical education instruction, the basic psychological needs as mediators of influence of social and interpersonal factors on student motivation, followed by the importance of motivational climate, students' goal orientations and teaching style for self-determination of students' behavior in physical education instruction. Didactic and methodical implications refer to the need for developing a more flexible curriculum of physical education, encouraging a motivational climate, task-focused goal orientations, and, especially, encouraging the perceived moving competence of the student.
Structural stability, elastic constants, bonding characteristics and thermal properties of zincblende, rocksalt and fluorite phases in copper nitrides: plane-wave pseudo-potential ab initio calculations
Authors: Kanoun-Bouayed Nawel , Kanoun Mohammed , Goumri-Said Souraya
Published: August 2010

We report plane-wave pseudo-potential ab initio calculations using density functional theory in order to investigate the structural parameters, elastic constants, bonding properties and polycrystalline parameters of copper nitrides in zincblende, rocksalt and fluorite structures. Total and partial densities of states indicate a metallic character of these copper nitrides. We estimate bond strengths and types of atomic bonds using Mulliken charge density population analysis and by calculating the electronic localized function. These results reveal the coexistence of covalent, ionic, and metallic bonding.
Does Peer Review Process Exist in Developing-Country Journals?: The Bangladesh Experience
Authors: Ahmed Hasan
Published: August 2010

This study explores the effectiveness of the peer review process for scientific journals published in Bangladesh, based on 1997 interviews with forty-three Bangladeshi authors. Problems relating to peer review as cited by the authors include omissions, harsh comments, and unnecessary changes. Authors' suggestions to improve peer review include mandatory peer review, creating a panel of peers for each journal, and motivation, recognition, and incentive for peers. Almost all authors recognized the need and effectiveness of peer review in journal publication. It is concluded that Bangladeshi journals should implement a strict peer review process. The quality of peer review needs to be improved, and reviewing time shortened.
Scribble, Scribble Toil and Trouble: Forced Productivity in the Modern University
Authors: Savage, Jr. William
Published: August 2010

The book has become the standard measure of research in performance-based evaluations of faculty in the modern university. Emphasis on book publication as the sole evidence of faculty productivity has led to a variety of unhappy consequences for those pressured to write books and for scholarly presses expected to issue them, principally panic and pandemonium.
Deep Structure: Copyright, Contracts, and the Business of Publishing
Authors: Givler Peter
Published: August 2010

This paper was originally given as the introductory talk at the AAUP Introduction to Scholarly Publishing course held in New York on 16 July 2003. The course is offered for staff at AAUP member presses who are in their first two years of employment at a university press.
Doing Scholarship on the Web: Ten Years of Triumphs — and a Disappointment
Authors: Ayers Edward
Published: August 2010

Since 1991 the Valley of the Shadow Project at the University of Virginia has experimented to see what possibilities new technologies might present for the understanding of history. The project has been quite successful in reaching a broad audience. But few similar projects are emerging, and we need to reconsider many aspects of institutional organization and priorities to foster new works of digital scholarship.
Risking It: Scandals, Teaching, Translation
Authors: Prevallet Kristin
Published: August 2010

What is the publisher's role in the dissemination of translations, and how do they encourage readers to see the contextual links between history, politics, poetry, and translation? What dangers and advantages does the poet as translator face? Unlike the scholar-translator, the poet-translator is always a poet, with his own poetry at stake, and sometimes self-taught, with only a modest knowledge of the field entered. Will he impose his poetics on the text he is translating? Has he mastered the foreign language and literature, or should he turn to a translation team? Are graduate degree writing programs too dependent on English-language texts? Should students learn to read a second language well enough to take a translation workshop in that language? This article was originally presented as a paper on the panel ‘Poet as Translator: Promethean Risk’ at the 2003 Associated Writers Program Conference.
The Place of Belletristic Writing in Scholarly Publishing: The Council of Editors of Learned Journals Keynote Addresses MLA Convention 2003
Authors: Raz Hilda , Lependorf Jeffrey , Cornett Michael
Published: August 2010

If literary awards were books, you could enter a library and find shelves of them, from the folio volumes of the Pulitzer and Nobel, requiring two arms to lift and carry to a table, to slim chapbooks like the Hillsborough Historic Society Award for Poetry on Topics of Local North Carolina History, Preferably about Orange County, which my daughter won when twelve years old. Yet if you wanted to find an award for the journals themselves, where all the individual award-winning writers publish their stories, poems, memoirs, essays, and other forms of belles lettres, or an award for the editors of those journals, even after an advanced search in WorldCat, as far as I am aware, you would turn up nothing. Such a ‘book’ has needed to be written - needed badly, in my view and in the view of other members of CELJ, whose membership includes many literary journals. In response to this embarrassing lack in our culture, CELJ worked during 2003 to establish such an award, and, at the MLA Convention in San Diego, the CELJ Award for Literary Achievement was unveiled. The award is actually a series of three rotating awards for Best New Literary Journal, Distinguished Literary Editor, and the Parnassus Award for Significant Editorial Achievement for a single issue of a journal that demonstrates a peak achievement of publishing mission.1

It was only fitting, then, that the keynote addresses on the occasion of this important announcement be given by two prominent members of the literary publishing field. Hilda Raz, editor of the distinguished literary journal Prairie Schooner, and JeffreyLependorf, executive director of the Council of Literary Magazines and Presses, helped to celebrate the new award by speaking on the place of belletristic writing in scholarly publishing. Raz reflects on the long history of Prairie Schooner's role in nurturing writers, many of whom have gone on to become celebrated authors, and then outlines several ways in which such a publication contributes to the university institution of which it is a vital part. Lependorf puts forth the pointed argument that the literary journal, by providing a distinctly belletristic context for the critical essay, opens up scholarly work to a greater multiplicity of expression and meaning than is possible in a traditional scholarly publication. Freed from the constraints of the purely academic forum, criticism in the pages of literary journals, drawing equally on creative and scholarly purposes, can be radically opinionated, passionately reflective, critically experienced. Both Raz and Lependorf demonstrate that literary publishing in the academy is constitutive of the soul of the university.
Beacon's Modern Era: 1945-2003
Authors: Wilson Susan
Published: August 2010

In 2004, Beacon Press will complete 150 years of continuous book publishing. To mark this important anniversary, Beacon retained author Susan Wilson to research the history of the press in archives and through extensive interviews. What follows is one section of the chapbook history, a narrative of Beacon's Modern Era (1945-2003). Ms. Wilson's notes from the extensive Beacon archives held at Harvard Andover Library, which includes a full annotated bibliography of books published by the press, are preserved for scholars and interested readers.
Editor as Good Steward of Manuscript Submissions: ‘Culture,’ Tone, and Procedures
Authors: Fischer Charles
Published: August 2010

This article examines the issue affair treatment of authors of manuscripts submitted to academic journals. Criteria of fairness and the means to achieve them are set forth. The latter include the ‘culture’ established with referees by the journal editor, the nature and tone of correspondence, and procedures employed. Further, indicators of the success of these efforts are presented, as well as the position that treating authors fairly is not only the right thing to do but also is good for the journal. This is done in the context of a sixteen-year case study of an academic management journal that uses a double-blind referee process.
The Marketing That Authors Really Want
Authors: Wood Carolyn
Published: August 2010

Marketing is the most common friction point between scholarly publishers and their authors. Publishers can restructure the author-publisher dialogue around marketing by identifying and addressing author interests at an early stage. This process enables publishers to better manage expectations, defuse potential dissatisfaction, and improve the author's overall opinion of the press's effectiveness.
‘A Light-Hearted Bunch of Ladies’: Gendered Power and Irreverent Piety in the Ghanaian Methodist Diaspora
Authors: Fumanti Mattia
Published: August 2010

This article explores the making of gendered and religious identities among a group of Ghanaian Methodist women in London by bringing to the fore the complex and irreverent ways in which the women of Susanna Wesley Mission Auxiliary (SUWMA) negotiate their recognition within the predominantly patriarchal settings of the Methodist Church. If, on the one hand, the association and its members conform to Christian values and widely accepted Ghanaian constructions of womanhood, on the other hand, flouting expectations of pious femininity, they claim a unique, elevated position within the church. Their transgressive hedonism can thus be read as a performative assertion of their claims to respect, recognition and leadership beyond the narrow parameters of gendered modesty. Many of the women are senior church leaders and respected members of the diaspora. All are successful professional career women and economically independent. Their association is simultaneously about promoting the Christian faith while being recognized as successful, cosmopolitan, glamorous middle-class women. It is this duality which the present article highlights by showing how members of the association negotiate and construct their subjectivities both within the Methodist Church and the Ghanaian diaspora, while they also negotiate their relationship with the Methodist Church in Ghana.
ZEB1 in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Wellner Ulrich , Brabletz Thomas , Keck Tobias
Published: August 2010

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant human neoplasias. On the molecular level, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been demonstrated to contribute to the malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells. ZEB1 is a transcriptional repressor that has been identified as an inducer of EMT. A negative feedback loop between ZEB1 and microRNA-200c has been shown to regulate this EMT induction in various models. With respect to pancreatic cancer, primary effects of EMT comprise increased local and distant tumor cell dissemination. Another recently described feature of the EMT is the acquisition of cancer stem cell traits. For pancreatic cancer cells, antagonism between ZEB1 and stemness-inhibiting micro-RNAs has been demonstrated to contribute to this process, providing experimental support for the migrating cancer stem cell (MCSC) hypothesis. ZEB1 has also been shown to be associated with drug resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. This article reviews the biological functions of ZEB1 with a focus on pancreatic cancer.
Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy
Authors: Lund John W.
Published: August 2010

The worldwide application of geothermal energy for direct utilization is reviewed. This paper is based on the world update for direct-use presented at the World Geothermal Congress 2010 in Bali, Indonesia (WGC2010) [1] which also includes material presented at three world geothermal congresses in Italy, Japan and Turkey (WGC95, WGC2000 and WGC2005). This report is based on country update papers prepared for WGC2010 and data from other sources. Final update papers were received from 70 countries of which 66 reported some direct utilization of geothermal energy for WGC2010. Twelve additional countries were added to the list based on other sources of information. The 78 countries having direct utilization of geothermal energy, is a significant increase from the 72 reported in 2005, the 58 reported in 2000, and the 28 reported in 1995. An estimate of the installed thermal power for direct utilization at the end of 2009, reported from WGC2010 is 48,493 MWt, almost a 72 % increased over the 2005 data, growing at a compound rate of 11.4% annually with a capacity factor of 0.28. The thermal energy used is 423,830 TJ/year (117,740 GWh/yr), about a 55% increase over 2005, growing at a compound rate of 9.2% annually. The distribution of thermal energy used by category is approximately 47.2% for ground-source heat pumps, 25.8% for bathing and swimming (including balneology), 14.9% for space heating (of which 85% is for district heating), 5.5% for greenhouses and open ground heating, 2.8% for industrial process heating, 2.7% for aquaculture pond and raceway heating, 0.4% for agricultural drying, 0.5% for snow melting and cooling, and 0.2% for other uses. Energy savings amounted to 250 million barrels (38 million tonnes) of equivalent oil annually, preventing 33 million tonnes of carbon and 107 million tonnes of CO2 being release to the atmosphere which includes savings in geothermal heat pump cooling (compared to using fuel oil to generate electricity).
Cannabinoids and Dementia: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Data
Authors: Walther Sebastian , Halpern Michael
Published: August 2010

The endocannabinoid system has been shown to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases and dementia. We review the preclinical and clinical data on cannabinoids and four neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and vascular dementia (VD). Numerous studies have demonstrated an involvement of the cannabinoid system in neurotransmission, neuropathology and neurobiology of dementias. In addition, several candidate compounds have demonstrated efficacy in vitro. However, some of the substances produced inconclusive results in vivo. Therefore, only few trials have aimed to replicate the effects seen in animal studies in patients. Indeed, the literature on cannabinoid administration in patients is scarce. While preclinical findings suggest causal treatment strategies involving cannabinoids, clinical trials have only assessed the suitability of cannabinoid receptor agonists, antagonists and cannabidiol for the symptomatic treatment of dementia. Further research is needed, including in vivo models of dementia and human studies.
Dendritic Cells and HIV-1 Trans-Infection
Authors: McDonald David
Published: August 2010

Dendritic cells initiate and sustain immune responses by migrating to sites of pathogenic insult, transporting antigens to lymphoid tissues and signaling immune specific activation of T cells through the formation of the immunological synapse. Dendritic cells can also transfer intact, infectious HIV-1 to CD4 T cells through an analogous structure, the infectious synapse. This replication independent mode of HIV-1 transmission, known as trans-infection, greatly increases T cell infection in vitro and is thought to contribute to viral dissemination in vivo. This review outlines the recent data defining the mechanisms of trans-infection and provides a context for the potential contribution of trans-infection in HIV-1 disease.
Immune restoration and onset of new AIDS-defining events with combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV type-1-infected immigrants in the Netherlands
Authors: Kesselring Anouk M , Gras Luuk , Wit Ferdinand W , Smit Colette , Geerlings Suzanne E , Mulder Jan W , Schreij Gerrit , Sprenger Herman G , Reiss Peter , de Wolf Frank
Published: August 2010

Background

We investigated differences in immune restoration and onset of new AIDS-defining events on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) among HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients of different regional origin now living in the Netherlands.

Methods

Treatment-naive adults reaching plasma viral load (pVL)<400 copies/ml within 9 months of starting cART were selected from the Netherlands ATHENA cohort. CD4+ T-cell response on cART was determined over 7 years using mixed models. CD4+ T-cell counts were excluded from the analyses at the first of two consecutive measurements of pVL≥400 copies/ml following prior suppression to <400 copies/ml. Multivariate analyses included gender, age, CD4+ T-cell count and pVL prior to cART, hepatitis coinfection, HIV-1 transmission and region of origin (Western Europe/North America [WN], sub- Saharan Africa [SSA], Southeast Asia [SEA], Latin America/Caribbean [LAC] or other).

Results

For 6,057 selected patients (WN 3,947, SSA 989, SEA 237, LAC 695 and other 189), median follow-up was 3.2 years (WN 3.3, SSA 2.9, SEA 3.2, LAC 2.7 and other 2.7). CD4+ T-cell increase in the first 6 months of cART was lower in males than females (-26 cells/mm3; P<0.0001) and in patients from SSA compared with WN (-36 cells/mm3; P<0.0001). Because men from SSA started with lower CD4+ T-cell counts than men from WN, they continued to lag behind and had lower absolute CD4+ T-cell counts after 7 years of cART. Furthermore, cumulative tuberculosis incidence after 7 years of cART was higher in SSA compared with WN (4.5% versus 0.5%, hazard ratio 5.08, 95% confidence interval 2.22–11.60).

Conclusions

HIV-1-infected immigrants from SSA have blunted immune restoration on fully suppressive cART and should be identified at an earlier disease stage. Our results call for more intensive screening for both latent and active tuberculosis in these patients.