bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tax1BP1 limits hepatic inflammation and reduces experimental hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Waidmann Oliver , Pleli Thomas , Weigert Andreas , Imelmann Esther , Kakoschky Bianca , Schmithals Christian , Döring Claudia , Frank Matthias , Longerich Thomas , Köberle Verena , Hansmann Martin-Leo , Brüne Bernhard , Zeuzem Stefan , Piiper Albrecht , Dikic Ivan
Published: October 2020

The nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) signaling pathway plays an important role in liver homeostasis and cancer development. Tax1-binding protein 1 (Tax1BP1) is a regulator of the NFκB signaling pathway, but its role in the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is presently unknown. Here we investigated the role of Tax1BP1 in liver cells and murine models of HCC and liver fibrosis. We applied the diethylnitrosamine (DEN) model of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in Tax1BP1+/+ and Tax1BP1−/− mice. The amount and subsets of non-parenchymal liver cells in in Tax1BP1+/+ and Tax1BP1−/− mice were determined and activation of NFκB and stress induced signaling pathways were assessed. Differential expression of mRNA and miRNA was determined. Tax1BP1−/− mice showed increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the liver. Furthermore, a sustained activation of the NFκB signaling pathway was found in hepatocytes as well as increased transcription of proinflammatory cytokines in isolated Kupffer cells from Tax1BP1−/− mice. Several differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs in livers of Tax1BP1−/− mice were found, which are regulators of inflammation or are involved in cancer development or progression. Furthermore, Tax1BP1−/− mice developed more HCCs than their Tax1BP1+/+ littermates. We conclude that Tax1BP1 protects from liver cancer development by limiting proinflammatory signaling.
SENP7 knockdown inhibited pyroptosis and NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation in Raw 264.7 cells
Authors: Li Xun , Jiao Fangzhou , Hong Jia , Yang Fan , Wang Luwen , Gong Zuojiong
Published: October 2020

Pyroptosis is a kind of necrotic and inflammatory programmed cell death induced by inflammatory caspases. SENP7 is a SUMO-specific protease, which mainly acts on deconjugation of SUMOs from substrate proteins. We evaluated the effect of SENP7 knockdown on pyroptosis, NF-κB signaling pathway, and NLRP3 inflammasome in Raw 264.7 cells. The results showed that the GSDMD protein mainly expressed in the cytoplasm nearby nuclei of Raw 264.7 cells. It migrated to cytomembrane with the numbers of Raw 264.7 cell decreased when LPS + ATP were administrated. Which was inhibited by SENP7 knockdown. In addition, not only the pyroptosis of Raw 264.7 cells was inhibited, the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome were also attenuated by SENP7 knockdown. The mechanism may be associated with the over SUMOylation of proteins induced by SENP7 knockdown.
Fuzzy sets allow gaging the extent and rate of species range shift due to climate change
Authors: Chamorro Darío , Real Raimundo , Muñoz Antonio-Román
Published: October 2020

The recent modification of species distribution ranges in response to a warmer climate has constituted a major and generalized biogeographic change. The main driver of the shift in distribution is the disequilibrium of the species ranges with their climatic favourability. Most species distribution modelling approaches assume equilibrium of the distribution with the environment, which hinders their applicability to the analysis of this change. Using fuzzy set theory we assessed the response to climate change of a historically African species, the Atlas Long-legged Buzzard. With this approach we were able to quantify that the Buzzard’s distribution is in a latitudinal disequilibrium of the species distribution with the current climate of 4 km, which is driving the species range northwards at a speed of around 1.3 km/year, i.e., it takes 3 years for the species to occupy new climatically favourable areas. This speed is expected to decelerate to 0.5 km/year in 2060–2080.
Author Correction: Development of a diagnostic compatible BCG vaccine against Bovine tuberculosis
Authors: Chandran Aneesh , Williams Kerstin , Mendum Tom , Stewart Graham , Clark Simon , Zadi Sirine , Lanni Faye , McLeod Neil , Williams Ann , Villarreal-Ramos Bernado , Vordermeier Martin , Maroudam Veerasamy , Prasad Aravind , Bharti Neeraj , Banerjee Ruma , Manjari Kasibhatla Sunitha , McFadden Johnjoe
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Interplay of filling fraction and coherence in symmetry broken graphene p-n junction
Authors: Paul Arup Kumar , Sahu Manas Ranjan , Kumar Chandan , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Das Anindya
Published: October 2020

Graphene p–n junction (PNJ) with co-propagating spin-valley polarized quantum Hall (QH) edges is a promising platform for studying electron interferometry. Though several conductance measurements have been attempted for such PNJs, the edge dynamics of the spin-valley symmetry broken edge states remain unexplored. In this work, we present the measurements of conductance together with shot noise, an ideal tool to unravel the dynamics, at low temperature, in a dual graphite gated hexagonal boron nitride encapsulated high mobility graphene device. The conductance data show that the symmetry broken QH edges at the PNJ follow spin selective equilibration. The shot noise results as a function of both p and n side filling factors reveal the unique dependence of the scattering mechanism. Remarkably, the scattering is found to be fully tunable from incoherent to coherent regime with the increasing number of QH edges at the PNJ, shedding crucial insights of edge dynamics.
Single-atom nanozymes for biological applications
Authors: Pei Jiahui , Zhao Ruoli , Mu Xiaoyu , Wang Junying , Liu Changlong , Zhang Xiao-Dong
Published: October 2020

Single-atom nanozymes with high catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability have been used in the treatment of cancer, wound trauma, and brain diseases.
Formation and migration of H3O+ and OH− ions at the water/silica and water/vapor interfaces under the influence of a static electric field: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Lentz Jesse , Garofalini Stephen H.
Published: October 2020

Water ‘layers’ 1 and 2 in pink; ‘layer’ 3 in blue and green over portion of glass surface (grey). +90° field causes water migration and clustering.
Introduction to the themed collection on ‘Neglected tropical diseases’
Authors: Ali Nahid , Cobb Steven L. , Mowbray Charles
Published: October 2020

Guest editors Nahid Ali, Steven L. Cobb and Charles Mowbray introduce the themed collection on ‘Neglected tropical diseases’.
Transition metal sulfide-laminated copper wire for flexible hybrid supercapacitor
Authors: Patil Swati J. , Pujari R. B. , Hou Tian-Feng , Lee Dong-Weon
Published: October 2020

The CV profiles of transition metal sulphide electrodes on a Cu-wire (a), and (b) capacitive (light to dark: blue and red) and diffusion-controlled (dark: blue and red) contributions of the hybrid Cu@CoS/NiCo2S4 and Cu@ZnCo2S4 electrodes.
Chemistry of fungal meroterpenoid cyclases
Authors: Barra Lena , Abe Ikuro
Published: October 2020

Complex cyclization reactions of fungal meroterpenoid cyclases.
Photochemical methods in metathesis reactions
Authors: Harvey Freya M. , Bochet Christian G.
Published: October 2020

In this first review about photometathesis, we have gathered the relevant literature to give the reader an in-depth understanding of these fascinating reactions and to inspire future research.
Reactive ion etching of an ovonic threshold switch (OTS) material using hydrogen-based plasmas for non-volatile phase change memories
Authors: Kim Doo San , Kim Ju Eun , Gill You Jung , Park Jin Woo , Jang Yun Jong , Kim Ye Eun , Choi Hyejin , Kwon Oik , Yeom Geun Young
Published: October 2020

Etch characteristics of ovonic threshold switch (OTS) materials composed of Ge–As–Te for a phase-change random access memory (PCRAM) has been investigated using reactive ion etching by hydrogen-based gases such as H2, CH4, NH3, CH4+ H2, and CH4+ NH3.
Clean production and utilisation of hydrogen in molten salts
Authors: Kamali Ali Reza
Published: October 2020

Green and low-cost electro-generation of hydrogen in molten salts provides unique opportunities for the sustainable production of a range of advanced materials from high quality graphene to metal/alloy powders.
Grafting of anti-nucleolin aptamer into preformed and remotely loaded liposomes through aptamer-cholesterol post-insertion
Authors: Nsairat Hamdi , Mahmoud Ismail S. , Odeh Fadwa , Abuarqoub Duaa , Al-Azzawi Hafsa , Zaza Rand , Qadri Malak I. , Ismail Said , Al Bawab Abeer , Awidi Abdalla , Alshaer Walhan
Published: October 2020

A new combination strategy of an active loading and active targeting approach was applied in this work.
G-Protein coupled receptors: structure and function in drug discovery
Authors: Odoemelam Chiemela S. , Percival Benita , Wallis Helen , Chang Ming-Wei , Ahmad Zeeshan , Scholey Dawn , Burton Emily , Williams Ian H. , Kamerlin Caroline Lynn , Wilson Philippe B.
Published: October 2020

The G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily comprise similar proteins arranged into families or classes thus making it one of the largest in the mammalian genome.
Structure, electrical conductivity and oxygen transport properties of Ruddlesden–Popper phases Lnn+1NinO3n+1 (Ln = La, Pr and Nd; n = 1, 2 and 3)
Authors: Song Jia , Ning De , Boukamp Bernard , Bassat Jean-Marc , Bouwmeester Henny J. M.
Published: October 2020

Correlating oxygen-ion and electronic transport properties of Ruddlesden–Popper-type nickelates with their layered structure.
Perceptual Benefits of Extended Bandwidth Hearing Aids With Children: A Within-Subject Design Using Clinically Available Hearing Aids
Authors: Van Eeckhoutte Maaike , Scollie Susan , O'Hagan Robin , Glista Danielle
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The aim of the study was to investigate the achieved audibility with clinically available, modern, high-end, behind-the-ear hearing aids fitted using the Desired Sensation Level v5.0 child prescription for a clinical sample of children with hearing impairment and the effect of the extended bandwidth provided by the hearing aids on several outcome measures.

Method

The achieved audibility was measured using the maximum audible output frequency method. Twenty-eight children (7–17 years old) with mild to severe hearing losses completed this study. Two hearing aid conditions were fitted for each participant: an extended bandwidth condition, which was fitted to targets as closely as possible, and a restricted bandwidth condition, for which aided output was restricted above 4.5 kHz. Consonant discrimination in noise, subjective preference, aided loudness growth, and preferred listening levels were evaluated in both conditions.

Results

The extended bandwidth hearing aid fittings provided speech audibility above 4.5 kHz for all children, with an average maximum audible output frequency of 7376 Hz (SD= 1669 Hz). When compared to a restricted bandwidth, the extended bandwidth condition led to an improvement of 5.4% for consonant discrimination in noise scores, mostly attributable to /s/, /z/, and /t/ phoneme perception. Aided loudness results and preferred listening levels were not significantly different across bandwidth conditions; however, 65% of the children indicated a subjective preference for the extended bandwidth.

Conclusion

The study suggests that providing the full bandwidth available, with modern, behind-the-ear hearing aids, leads to improved audibility, when compared to restricted bandwidth hearing aids, and that it leads to beneficial outcomes for children who use hearing aids, fitted to the Desired Sensation Level v5.0 child prescription, without causing significant increases in their loudness perception.
Lupus DANCe
Authors: Galli P. A. B. , Bouy H. , Olivares J. , Miret-Roig N. , Vieira R. G. , Sarro L. M. , Barrado D. , Berihuete A. , Bertout C. , Bertin E. , Cuillandre J.-C.
Published: October 2020

Context. Lupus is recognised as one of the closest star-forming regions, but the lack of trigonometric parallaxes in the pre-Gaia era hampered many studies on the kinematic properties of this region and led to incomplete censuses of its stellar population.

Aims. We use the second data release of the Gaia space mission combined with published ancillary radial velocity data to revise the census of stars and investigate the 6D structure of the Lupus complex.

Methods. We performed a new membership analysis of the Lupus association based on astrometric and photometric data over a field of 160 deg2 around the main molecular clouds of the complex and compared the properties of the various subgroups in this region.

Results. We identified 137 high-probability members of the Lupus association of young stars, including 47 stars that had never been reported as members before. Many of the historically known stars associated with the Lupus region identified in previous studies are more likely to be field stars or members of the adjacent Scorpius-Centaurus association. Our new sample of members covers the magnitude and mass range from G ≃ 8 to G ≃ 18 mag and from 0.03 to 2.4 M⊙, respectively. We compared the kinematic properties of the stars projected towards the molecular clouds Lupus 1–6 and showed that these subgroups are located at roughly the same distance (about 160 pc) and move with the same spatial velocity. Our age estimates inferred from stellar models show that the Lupus subgroups are coeval (with median ages ranging from about 1 to 3 Myr). The Lupus association appears to be younger than the population of young stars in the Corona-Australis star-forming region recently investigated by our team using a similar methodology. The initial mass function of the Lupus association inferred from the distribution of spectral types shows little variation compared to other star-forming regions.

Conclusions. In this paper, we provide an updated sample of cluster members based on Gaia data and construct the most complete picture of the 3D structure and 3D space motion of the Lupus complex.
Apple varieties of selection of “All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crops Breeding”, as a starting material for breeding for a high content of phenolic compounds in fruits
Authors: Makarkina Margarita , Sedov Evgeny
Published: October 2020

The All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops is the oldest pomological institution. The scientific direction of the institute is to obtain genotypes of fruit crops that exceed the standard ones in terms of basic economic indicators, including those with an improved chemical composition of fruits. The leading culture is the apple tree. One of the indicators of the chemical composition of apples is the presence of phenolic compounds, the most important natural antioxidants: catechins and polyphenols. Genotypes of different maturation periods, immune (Rvi6) and resistant (Rvi5) to scab, diploids (2x) and triploids (3x), vigorous and intensive type (Co gene), were identified as sources of the studied traits. The best in terms of the accumulation of catechins were the varieties of the autumn ripening period: Sokovinka, Slavyanin, Pamyat Isaeva, Zaryanka, Orlovsky pioneer, origin Antonovka red barrel × SR0523 (159.0-288.0 mg / 100 g); the summer varieties Zhelnoe, Orlovim, Early aloe, Anniversary (152.0-170.0 mg / 100 g), the winter varieties Kurnakovskoe, Olympic, Poetry, Freshness, Bezhin meadow, Kulikovskoe, Start, Health, Academician Savelyev, Festive, Orlovskaya Zarya, Pamyati Blynsky, Vita, Mars, Imrus, Pamyati Semakina, Celandine, Kandil Orlovsky, Morning Star, (161.2-353.5 mg / 100 g). The sources of the total amount of polyphenols (more than 400.0 mg / 100 g) were selected: with the Rvi6 gene Start, Zaryanka, Ivanovskoe, Imrus, Oryol woodland, Zdorov’e, Bolotovskoe, Pamyati Khitrovo, Kandil Orlovsky; with the Rvi5 gene Orlovsky pioneer and Celandine; triploids Memory Semakin, Bezhin lug, Turgenevskoe, Mars, Orlovsky partisan, Trainer Petrov, Patriot, Augusta (404.0-623.9 mg / 100 g), of which the varieties Mars and Trainer Petrov have the Rvi6 gene.
The adaptive potential of sweet cherry varieties (C. avium L.) under the conditions of Southern horticulture
Authors: Zaremuk Rimma , Dolya Yulia
Published: October 2020

The results of research on the stability of sweet cherry varieties of different ecological and geographical origin to low-temperature stresses in the Southern horticulture are presented. The aim of the research was to comprehensively assess the generative potential of sweet cherry varieties after stress factors affect and identify the most resistant varieties to the stressors. It is shown that the probability of occurrence of abnormal frosts (limiting) in the range of –33.0°C or return spring frosts –4.0–5.0°C in the Prikuban gardening zone of the Krasnodar Territory is 40% on average. It was found that abnormal frosts can affect sweet cherry plants at the beginning of the dormant period – in december, more often in the middle – in February, less often at the beginning of the growing season – in march. The frequency of recurrent spring frosts affect during the blossoming period is high. The degree of ruin of the sweet cherry generative organs is determined by the type of stress, the limiting temperature and specificity of varieties. The obtained results confirmed that the sweet cherry varieties of local (domestic) breeding were more resistant to frosts and to early spring frosts. According to frost resistance, the sweet cherry varieties of Alaya, Volshebnitsa, Mak and Kavkazskaya are selected. According to the resistance to early spring frosts the varieties of Anons, Alaya, Volshebnitsa, Mak, Kavkazskaya, Sashenka, Demetra and the Dar Izobiliya are selected. According to the complex resistance to frost and to early spring frosts, the varieties of NCFSCHVW breeding of Alaya, Volshebnica, Mak and Kavkazskaya, are selected and recommended for creating the intensive, adaptive gardens in the South of Russia, and to a certain extent they will allow you to control the production potential of plantations of stone fruit crops in order to obtain the consistently high yield capacity of 20-25 t/ha.
Some morphological traits of the fruit and apricot stone of Dagestan origin at the different ripening periods
Authors: Anatov Dzhalaludin M.
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the results of a comparative study of the cultivated and wild-growing apricot of Dagestan origin according to the morphological characteristics of the fruit and stone at different ripening periods. The pomological evaluation showed that the shape index of the fruit changes by one gradation regardless of the origin of the genotype, while the shape of the stone does not change and remains constant for all genotypes. For example, the fruit of the Kamil cultivar has an ovate shape at an early ripening period, and a circular one at late ripening. During ripening, the weight of the fruit doubles (1.8–2.6 times), while the ratio of stone mass to the weight of the fruit decreases (1.8–2.5 times). For cultivars and wild-growing forms, differences in the change in the linear dimensions and mass of the stone at different maturation periods were noted. The morphological characteristics of the fruit and stone in terms of the coefficient of variation (CV) vary more at the later stages of ripening, and in general are higher in cultivars than in wild plants, and the endocarp varies less than the fruit, at all periods of ripening.
Cortical photosynthesis as a physiological marker for grape breeding: methods and approaches
Authors: Smolova Tatiana , Khorobrykh Andrew , Savchenko Tatyana
Published: October 2020

Photosynthesis occurring in chlorenchymal tissues of lignified branches of perennial plants (cortical photosynthesis) has a significant impact on their productivity and resistance to adverse environmental conditions, such as water deficiency and low temperatures. Cortical photosynthesis occurring under the outer bark of a lignified grape vine can become a convenient marker for breeding freeze-tolerant varieties. The following approaches can be undertaken to assess the functional state of the cortical photosynthetic apparatus: (1) analysis of the variable chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and (2) biochemical analysis of photosynthetic membrane preparations. To evaluate these approaches, in this work we have carried out the comparative analysis of characteristics of the cortical photosynthetic apparatus in grape varieties differing in freeze tolerance.

This work was supported by grant №18-04-00079 from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.
Evaluation of biochemical indicators of apple fruits quality for the complex selection of the valuable source material for breeding
Authors: Prichko Tatiana , Ulyanovskaya Elena , Droficheva Natalia
Published: October 2020

The generalized results of a comprehensive long-term assessment (2015-2019) of biochemical and technical indicators of the quality of apple fruits of promising varieties (Malus domestica x Borkh.), including: the valuable initial parental forms and new varieties of regional selection, different in ploidy and genetic origin are presented, grown in the conditions of the South of Russia. This work used the generally accepted modern methods and programs for the variety study of fruit plants developed at the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making (NCFSCHVW). The aim of the study was to select the source material of the apple fruit quality, which is valuable for the breeding, and the sources of the target traits based on the analysis of longterm data on the assessment of the biochemical composition of promising varieties of different ploidy and genetic origin. As a result of the comprehensive assessment of the main indicators of the quality of apple fruits in a varietal section, the sources of significant traits of apple tree for breeding use were identified: large-fruited, bright red and pure yellow color, improved chemical composition of fruits. According to the data of a longterm studies of the quality indicators of the apple fruits of introduced varieties and varieties of selection of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW, genotypes with an improved biochemical composition were identified for the use in the selection process: diploids: Champion, Orpheus (sugar content 10.5% and 10.8%, respectively); triploids: Soyuz, Vasilisa and the diploid variety Fortuna (vitamin C - more than 10.0 mg / 100 g); diploids: Margo, Vasilisa (P-active substances - more than 110.0 mg / 100 g).
Microsatellite DNA-markers in the study of the gene pool of fruit crops
Authors: Suprun Ivan , Tokmakov Sergei , Lobodina Elena
Published: October 2020

This article describes development of multilocus SSR-markers sets for genotyping Pyrus, Prunus, and Malus from various genetic collections of the South of Russia. Generated multiplex sets of SSR-markers were used in the certification of cultivated varieties and in the analysis of the genetic structure of Pyrus, Prunus and Malus species collections. The results of SSR genotyping of pear, apple, plum and sweet cherry made it possible to establish genetic relationships between varieties, including groups of modern varieties of Russian and foreign breeding and, in turn, local autochthonous varieties. In general, the use of these multiplexes has confirmed their effectiveness in solving the assigned tasks.
Biotechnological methods of preservation of the grape gene pool in the in vitro collection
Authors: Doroshenko Natalia , Puzirnova Valentina
Published: October 2020

The article shows the results of the improvement of meristem survival, its growth characteristics, shoot formation with the combined usage of apical meristems and the preparations such as Ribavirin, salicylic acid, Melafen, the antibiotic Cefotaxime. The research results demonstrate a decrease in the intensity of growth with the presence of sucrose, fructose, and sorbitol in the culture medium. The clarification of the parameters of the preparations application made it possible to increase the duration of nonstop storage of plants up to 8–10 months.
Evaluation of seeds quality in the fruits of cherry varieties (Cerasus vulgaris L.) in the process of embryos cultivation in vitro
Authors: Kovalenko Natalia , Gladkih Svetlana
Published: October 2020

The objective reasons for the low yield of breeding material are shown. They are associated with the timing of the fruits selection, affecting the formation of the embryos and cotyledons, as well as their infection and damage by seed eater (Apion Pomonae Fabricius). The paper presents a general characteristics of the seeds quality of cherry varieties and the stages of development of embryos and cotyledons depending on the period of pollination. The presence of damage to the seed by seed eaters at an early stage was revealed, and then the complete destruction of the nucleus by its larvae. The assessment of the seeds quality in the fruits of cherry varieties (C. vulgaris L.) was carried out to reveal the suitability their embryos cultivation in vitro for breeding programs of new varieties development. The presence of three waves of fruit dropping, inherent in cherry varieties after blossoming is clarified. When assessing the quality of the seed of the varieties introduced into in vitro culture, it is necessary to pay attention to the timing of the “harvest” of fruits and their infection, the formation of the embryos and cotyledons, as well as the presence or absence of clutches of seed eaters (damage by seed eaters).
Biological technology for the production of pear seedlings
Authors: Rezvyakova Svetlana , Gurin Aleksandr , Revin Nikolai
Published: October 2020

The research was carried out during the 2017-2019 period on leached chernozem according to the “Program and methodology for studying varieties of fruit, berry and nut crops” (Orel, 1999). The grafting was done by budding fifty plants of the regionalized variety of pears Muratovskaya on the seedlings of common pear tree in three replicates. The plants were placed in one row at a distance of 20-25 cm, with a distance of 90 cm between the rows. In the experimental variants, watering and loosening of the soil was done as needed. The seedlings were treated with a knapsack sprayer 4 times during the growing season with an interval of two weeks, starting from the third decade of May. In the experiment there were 4 variants: 1 control without treatments; 2 - Emistim - 1 ml / m3H2O; 3 Emistim - 1 ml / m3H2O + Gumi-30 super-universal 15 ml / 10l H2O; 4 Emistim - 1 ml / m3H2O + Siliplant 25 ml / 10l H2O. It was revealed that the biological product Emistim has a significant stimulating effect on the growth processes in comparison to the control variant. The combined use of the biological product Emistim and complex fertilizers Gumi-30 and Siliplant helps to increase the foliage of the seedlings, leaf area, the number of roots and their total length, and, ultimately, increase the yield of standard planting material. There was no significant difference between the variants with Emistim and complex fertilizers such as Gumi-30 and Siliplant according to the studied traits. In total, in these variants, the standard seedlings of the 1st and 2nd grade were obtained, respectively, 93.2 and 95.6%.
Micropropagation of some grape varieties in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kazybayeva Saule , Kovalchuk Irina , Turdiyev Timur , Kulshanov Shokan , Azhitayeva Laura
Published: October 2020

The article shows the improvement of the process of initiation into in vitro the culture and the clonal micropropagation of grape varieties. The optimal culture media for the initiation and cloning of grapes in vitro have been selected. During initiation on Murashige and Skoog, agar medium with ½ or ¾ concentration of macroand micronutrients and hormones (0.5 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l IBA) is optimal. For micropropagation is suitable MS medium modified by some elements of mineral nutrition: 825 mg/l NH4NO3, 166 mg/l CaCl2, 15 mg/l ferrum chelate; best hormonal composition depends on variety: a) 0.5-1 mg/l BAP and 0.1-0.5 mg/l IBA; b) 0.5 mg/l 2-iP and 0.5 mg/l GA3.
Production of diseases - free plant materials of grapevine from phytoplasma in vitro
Authors: Klimenko Viktor , Pavlova Irina , Volodin Vitaliy , Gorislavets Svetlana
Published: October 2020

Heat treatment was used as a method of improving the health of grape plants from the phytoplasma. The Binder KBWF 240 growth cabinet was used for thermotherapy, in which plants of the Tsitronny Magaracha variety were cultivated in vitro under simulated conditions with a treatment period of 14 days. The results of repeated testing of samples showed the efficacy of treatment of this grape disease: out of 13 samples of the Tsitronny Magaracha variety, only one revealed the latent form of phytoplasma blackening of grapevine wood Bois noir. To improve the health of grape plants obtained in vitro culture, it is advisable to use the developed technological operations with thermotherapy in the growth cabinet, which allows to rid the planting material of the latent form of phytoplasma associated with blackening of grapevine wood Bois noir.
Increasing the output of grape seedlings using biostimulants of natural origin
Authors: Kurapina Natalia , Ratanov Мaxim , Nikolskaya Olga , Kikteva Yelena
Published: October 2020

In recent years, the viticulture industry, and the problems of producers of grape products have attracted more attention from the state and the public in terms of its contribution to GDP growth. Productivity and longevity of grape plantations directly depend on the quality of the planting material. Therefore, the relevance of research to obtain the highest yield of standard seedlings of valuable table grapes (Yubilei of Novocherkassk, Dubovsky pink, Bogatyanovsky, Vera) is undeniable. Two variants of biostimulators of growth have been studied: amino peptide agrochemical and a complex mean of chitosan and succinic acid in comparison with background fertigation. The highest yield of seedlings of the first grade level 71-76 % of the open ground nursery on light chestnut soils obtained by its cultivation with a three-time application of foliar fertilizing of amino peptide mean of biological origin Isabion at a dose of 2 l/ha with the addition seedlings output relative to the control 10-13% and the level of production profitability from 135 to 151 %.
Le tribomètre inertiel à trois contacts obliques pour la mesure du coefficient de frottement en fonction de la vitesse
Authors: Eggli Patrick
Published: October 2020

Le tribomètre inertiel à trois contacts obliques est un nouvel instrument destiné à mesurer le coefficient de frottement en fonction de la vitesse de glissement à des pressions hertziennes de l’ordre de 500 à 1200 MPa. Le contact étudié est l’acier contre le rubis en présence d’un lubrifiant liquide. D’autres matériaux peuvent également être employés. Les partenaires de frottement fixes sont constitués de trois cylindres en rubis. Leurs faces plates sont disposées selon une géométrie pyramidale triangulaire se resserrant vers le bas. Le partenaire de frottement mobile est en acier, de forme sphérique. Il appuie simultanément contre les trois partenaires de frottement fixes. Le partenaire de frottement mobile est relié à un volant d’inertie par un arbre ; ils forment ensemble un rotor. Le poids du rotor génère la force normale agissant aux trois points de contact. Le coefficient de frottement s’obtient indirectement par l’analyse de la vitesse et de l’accélération angulaire du rotor en rotation libre.
Sulfonated Tetraphenylethylene-Based Hypercrosslinked Polymer as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Symmetrical Triarylmethanes via a Dual C–C Bond-Cleaving Path
Authors: Kalita Gitumoni , Deka Namrata , Paul Dipankar , Dutta Gitish K. , Chatterjee Paresh Nath , Thapa Loknath
Published: October 2020

A sulfonic acid functionalized tetraphenylethylene-based hypercrosslinked polymer (THP-SO3H) with a well-developed porous network and accessible sulfonic acid sites was synthesized and characterized by different analytical techniques. The catalytic prowess of the synthesized material THP-SO3H was investigated in a challenging dual C–C bond-breaking reaction for the synthesis of symmetrical triarylmethanes (TRAMs) in high yield. The scope of the developed metal-free method was also explored with a wide variety of substrates. The organocatalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused up to five consecutive cycles without substantial loss in its catalytic efficacy.
Are Organozirconium Reagents Applicable in Current Organic Synthesis?
Authors: Némethová Ivana , Šebesta Radovan
Published: October 2020

The search for mild, user-friendly, easily accessible, and robust organometallic reagents is an important feature of organometallic chemistry. Ideally, new methodologies employing organometallics should be developed with respect to practical applications in syntheses of target compounds. In this short review, we investigate if organozirconium reagents can fulfill these criteria. Organozirconium compounds are typically generated via in situ hydrozirconation of alkenes or alkynes with the Schwartz reagent. Alkyl and alkenylzirconium reagents have proven to be convenient in conjugate additions, allylic substitutions, cross-coupling reactions, and additions to carbonyls or imines. Furthermore, the Schwartz reagent itself is a useful reducing agent for polar functional groups.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis and Generation of the Schwartz Reagent

3 Structure and Properties of Cp2Zr(H)Cl

4 Reactivity of Organozirconium Reagents

4.1 Asymmetric Conjugate Addition

4.2 Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations

4.3 Desymmetrization Reactions

4.4 Cross-Coupling Reactions

4.5 1,2-Additions

5 Conclusions
Unilateral Facial Palsy in an Adolescent with Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Authors: Turco Emanuela Claudia , Piccolo Benedetta , Pisani Francesco
Published: October 2020

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common and most severe acute demyelinating polyneuropathy with ∼0.8 to 1.1/100,000 incidence in pediatric population. Unlike adult patients, incidence of facial nerve involvement in children with GBS has not yet been determined possibly because of rare use of magnetic resonance imaging in childhood-onset GBS. In the present study, we describe a girl with GBS who presented unilateral peripheral facial palsy, confirmed by neuroimaging and electrophysiological evaluation. We suggest that both neuroimaging and detailed electrophysiological evaluation should be integrated into the work-up of such patients. We also wish to highlight the importance of evaluating cranial nerve involvement as a potential indicator of severity of disease.
Epilepsy Transition in Ambulatory Care: Experiences and Benefits of an Epilepsy Transition Team
Authors: Patel Amisha , Jan Sophia , Steinway Caren , Bullock Alexandra , Greenberg Adam , Thomas Bethany , Fried Lawrence E. , Brown Lawrence , DiGiovine Marissa
Published: October 2020

Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder and affects people of all ages; however, at least 40% of children will continue to have seizures into adulthood. Children and youth with epilepsy (CYE) experience neurologic and extraneurologic changes that can negatively impact self-management skills necessary for optimal adult function. Those with intellectual disability have additional transition challenges. Improving the medical transition process for all CYE is vital and necessary. In this article, we will review some of the biologic, behavioral, psychologic, therapeutic, and social considerations for CYE complicating transition. We will then describe general approaches to transitioning CYE to adult care, specifically methods involving creating a framework with overarching transition aims in place, and share our experience at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia implementing these approaches. Our comprehensive model for a formal transition policy, team structure, and ongoing assessment supporting CYE transitioning into adult care is a practical program that can be integrated into clinical care. Proper investment in the transition process will translate into measurable, significant long-term benefits for all involved.
Unilateral Isolated Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency in an Egyptian Infant and Review of Literature
Authors: Thomas Manal M. , Tosson Angie M.S. , Taher Mohamed B.
Published: October 2020

Proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD) is a rare congenital anomaly of the femur ranging from mild shortening to total agenesis. If left untreated, it could lead to impaired child growth, abnormal gait, vertebral abnormalities, cosmetic problems, and behavioral changes. We report on an Egyptian female, presenting to us at the age of 15 days with a short left lower limb. Both upper limbs and the right lower limb were normal and she was not dysmorphic. The skeletal survey showed an isolated short left femur. At the age of 11 months, clinical reexamination confirmed left femur shortening. Echocardiogram and abdominal sonography revealed no abnormality. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis and lower limbs revealed isolated left proximal femoral focal deficiency. Her developmental milestones were normal. She was referred to pediatric orthopaedics for early intervention and proper management. To our knowledge and after reviewing the literature, this patient represents the first case of unilateral isolated proximal focal femoral deficiency in Egypt. In conclusion, PFFD diagnosis needs a systemic skeletal–facial–genital phenotyping to differentiate from overlapping genetic disorders. Early diagnosis and radioimaging are highly important for proper management.
Prozessoptimierung: Schreckgespenst oder Heilsbringer?
Authors: Freye Carolin
Published: October 2020

Wird das Wort „Prozessoptimierung” in den Raum geworfen, nehmen viele Klinikmitarbeiter erst einmal eine Abwehrhaltung ein.
Key Performance Indicators (KPI): Transparenz, Steuerung und Qualitätsbewertung von logistischen Versorgungsprojekten
Authors: Buttkereit Lisa
Published: October 2020

Der Kennzahlenbericht und deren Auswertungen sind Hilfsmittel, um die Komplexität des Arbeitsalltags einer Einkaufsabteilung zu reduzieren. Wie genau das funktioniert, zeigt dieser Beitrag am Beispiel des BG Klinikums Duisburg.
Chaos und Struktur: Datenwust in deutschen Kliniken
Authors: Beer Veronika , Marohn René
Published: October 2020

In vielen Kliniken gibt es noch immer kaum standardisierte Einkaufsdaten, Verbrauchsdaten oder Stammdaten. In einigen Kliniken gibt es Daten, welche nicht ausreichend strukturiert aufbereitet werden, und in anderen Krankenhäusern finden sich hochwertige und gut dokumentierte Daten, die Grundlage für die Steuerung des Einkaufs sind. Warum schaffen es manche Kliniken besser als andere, der Daten Herr zu werden?
Value-Based Procurement: Produktinformationen: Geht das auch einfach?
Authors: Ehrenburg Marcus
Published: October 2020

Value-based Procurement ist ein enormer Prozess, der die Umstellung des Krankenhauseinkaufs erfordert. Die Bereitstellung von Produktinformationen als Hersteller-Service kann ein erstes preisunabhängiges Kriterium für Produkte sein, die einen Mehrwert für Mitarbeiter bieten.
Electrolytes suppress segmental movement in microgels
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: October 2020

A better understanding of the microgel-electrolyte interaction could advance microgel design for drug delivery and other applications.
Charge localization induced by reorientation of FA cations greatly
suppresses nonradiative electron-hole recombination in FAPbI3
perovskites: A time-domain Ab Initio study
Authors: He Jin-lu , Zhu Yong-hao , Long Run
Published: October 2020

Recent experiments report the rotation of FA (FA=HC[NH2]2+) cations significantly influence the excited-state lifetime of FAPbI3. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Using ab initio nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics combined with time-domain density functional simulations, we have demonstrated that reorientation of partial FA cations significantly inhibits nonradiative electron-hole recombination with respect to the pristine FAPbI3 due to the decreased NA coupling by localizing electron and hole in different positions and the suppressed atomic motions. Slow nuclear motions simultaneously increase the decoherence time, which is overcome by the reduced NA coupling, extending electron-hole recombination time scales to several nanoseconds and being about 3.9 times longer than that in pristine FAPbI3, which occurs within sub-nanosecond and agrees with experiment. Our study established the mechanism for the experimentally reported prolonged excited-state lifetime, providing a rational strategy for design of high performance of perovskite solar cells and optoelectronic devices.
Ion-neutral photofragment coincidence imaging of photodissociation
dynamics of ionic species
Authors: Hua Ze-feng , Zhao Yun-xiao , Li You-qing , Hu Gao-ming , Chen Yang , Zhao Dong-feng
Published: October 2020

The recently constructed cryogenic cylindrical ion trap velocity map imaging spectrometer (CIT-VMI) has been upgraded for coincidence imaging of both ionic and neutral photofragments from photodissociation of ionic species. The prepared ions are cooled down in a home-made cryogenic cylindrical ion trap and then extracted for photodissociation experiments. With the newly designed electric fields for extraction and acceleration, the ion beam can be accelerated to more than 4500 eV, which is necessary for velocity imaging of the neutral photofragments by using the position-sensitive imaging detector. The setup has been tested by the 355 nm photodissociation dynamics of the argon dimer cation (Ar2+). From the recorded experimental images of both neutral Ar and ionic Ar+ fragments, we interpret velocity resolutions of Δv/v≈4.6% for neutral fragments, and Δv/v≈1.5% for ionic fragments, respectively.
Influence of kinetic effects on long wavelength gradient-drift instability in high-frequency range in Hall thruster
Authors: Tomilin Dmitry A. , Khmelevskoi Ivan A.
Published: October 2020

A typical for Hall thruster discharges strong inhomogeneity of plasma parameters is a source of various types of instabilities. Some types of such instabilities (long high-frequency waves, in particular) are assumed to contribute to anomalous electron conductivity, which is essential to understand for the development of a reliable modelling tool for Hall thrusters. In this paper, the results of an analytical study of the influence of kinetic effects on dispersion properties of high-frequency perturbations in Hall thruster plasmas are presented, including the effect of the gradient magnetic electron drift on the long wavelength high-frequency instability. It was shown that when the long waves with phase velocity on the order of the unperturbed electron drift motion occur, the electron guiding center deviates significantly from the electric field equipotential line. The observed phenomenon leads to a self-sustained cycle of an intensive energy exchange between the waves and the electrons and a long-wavelength high-frequency instability inciting each other.
A cavity optomechanical locking scheme based on the optical spring effect
Authors: Rohse P. , Butlewski J. , Klein F. , Wagner T. , Friesen C. , Schwarz A. , Wiesendanger R. , Sengstock K. , Becker C.
Published: October 2020

We present a novel locking scheme for active length-stabilization and frequency detuning of a cavity optomechanical device based on the optical spring effect. The error signal is generated by utilizing the position measurement of a thermally driven intra-cavity nanomechanical device and employing its detuning-dependent frequency shift caused by the dispersive coupling to the cavity field. The scheme neither requires external modulation of the laser or the cavity nor does it demand for additional error signal readout, rendering its technical implementation rather simple for a large variety of existing optomechanical devices. Specifically, for large-linewidth microcavities or in situations where other locking schemes appear unfavorable conceptually or are hard to realize technically, the optical spring lock represents a potential alternative for stabilizing the cavity length. We explain the functional principle of the lock and characterize its performance in terms of bandwidth and gain profile.
Time-dependent probability density functions and information diagnostics in forward and backward processes in a stochastic prey–predator model of fusion plasmas
Authors: Hollerbach Rainer , Kim Eun-jin , Schmitz Lothar
Published: October 2020

Forward and backward processes associated with the low-to-high (L-H) transition in magnetically confined fusion plasmas are investigated by using a time-dependent probability density function (PDF) approach and information length diagnostics. Our model is based on the extension of the deterministic prey–predator-type model [Kim and Diamond, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 185006 (2003)] to a stochastic model by including two independent, short-correlated Gaussian noises. The “forward” process consists of ramping up the input power linearly in time so that zonal flows self-regulate with turbulence after their initial growth from turbulence. The “backward” process ramps the power down again, by starting at time t=t* when the input power is switched to Q(t)=Q(2t*−t) for t>t*, linearly decreasing with time until t=2t*. Using three choices for Q(t), with differing ramping rates, the time-dependent PDFs are calculated by numerically solving the appropriate Fokker–Planck equation, and several statistical measures including the information length for the forward and backward processes are investigated. The information lengths Lx(t) and Lv(t) for turbulence and zonal flows, respectively, are path-dependent dimensionless numbers, representing the total number of statistically different states that turbulence and zonal flows evolve through in time t. In particular, PDFs are shown to be strongly non-Gaussian with convoluted structures and multiple peaks, with intermittency in zonal flows playing a key role in turbulence regulation. The stark difference between the forward and backward processes is captured by time-dependent PDFs of turbulence and zonal flows and the corresponding information length diagnostics. The latter are shown to give us a useful insight into understanding the correlation and self-regulation, and transition to the self-regulatory dithering phase.
Hysteresis curves for some periodic and aperiodic perturbations in magnetosonic flow
Authors: Perelomova Anna
Published: October 2020

A thermodynamic relation between perturbations of pressure and mass density in the magnetohydrodynamic flow is theoretically studied. Planar magnetohydrodynamic perturbations with the wave vector, which forms a constant angle with the equilibrium magnetic field, are under study. The theory considers thermal conduction of a plasma and the deviation from adiabaticity of a flow due to some kind of heating–cooling function. It also considers nonlinear distortion of a waveform and nonlinear excitation of the entropy mode in the field of intense magnetosonic perturbations. In some conditions, the total density of a plasma enlarges over a cycle of magnetosonic perturbations. These conditions depend on the type of magnetosonic waveform, heating–cooling function, thermal conduction, and equilibrium parameters of a plasma. They depend also on the angle between the wave vector and the magnetic field. The diagrams in the plane of total variation of pressure vs total variation of density indicate the nonlinear phenomena and irreversible processes in a flow. Harmonic perturbation and a bipolar impulse of pressure are considered as magnetosonic exciters of the entropy mode. Exemplary diagrams are plotted and discussed for these particular cases of exciters.