bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Was steigert die Facebook-Resonanz? Eine Analyse der Likes, Shares und Comments im Schweizer Wahlkampf 2015
Authors: Staender Anna , Ernst Nicole , Steppat Desiree
Published: June 2019

Soziale Medien sind aus Wahlkämpfen nicht mehr wegzudenken. Sie bieten politischen Akteuren die Möglichkeit, sich mit ihren eigenen Botschaften direkt an die Wählerschaft zu richten. Durch virale Verbreitung und eine hohe Resonanz können Inhalte zudem an Nutzergruppen gelangen, die außerhalb des Social-Media-Netzwerkes der Akteure liegen. Damit erhöht sich für politische Akteure die Wahrscheinlichkeit, auch eine potenziell neue Wählerschaft auf Social Media zu erreichen. Soziale Netzwerkplattformen wie Facebook quantifizieren die Resonanz über die Reaktionen der Nutzer: Anhand der Anzahl Likes, Shares und Comments (Facebook-Resonanz), die ein Facebook-Beitrag erreicht. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit der Frage, welche Merkmale (Format, Zeitpunkt und Inhalt) Beiträge aufweisen müssen, um besonders viele Nutzerreaktionen hervorzurufen und damit eine möglichst hohe Facebook-Resonanz zu erzeugen. Eine quantitative Inhaltsanalyse von 733 Facebook-Beiträgen der sieben größten im Schweizer Parlament vertretenen Parteien im Zeitraum von drei Monaten vor dem Wahltermin 2015 zeigt, dass vor allem die Verwendung von Nachrichtenfaktoren sowie parteieigener Themen hilfreich ist, um die Facebook-Resonanz zu erhöhen.
MAFIC INCLUSIONS (SOBSKY COMPLEX, POLAR URAL): U‐Pb (SIMS) DATA
Authors: Udoratina О. V. , Coble М. A. , Shuyskiy A. S. , Kapitanova V. A.
Published: June 2019

The rocks of the Sobsky complex, composing the bulk of the Sobsky batholith in the Polar Urals, contain mafic inclusions. The geological, petrographic and petro‐geochemical data show that the mafic inclusions of the Sobsky rocks belong to igneous formations, which are similar in their characteristics to autoliths. According to all the characteristics, these are the structures non‐contrasting to host rocks and having different structural‐textural features, a more basic composition of minerals and a more basic composition of rocks. The contact with the rocks of the complex is sharp and clear. The rocks of the complex in contact with autoliths are medium‐grained massive diorite rocks, quartz diorites, tonalites, mafic inclusions rocks – fine‐grained gabbros, gabbro‐diorites, and diorites. Isotopicgeochemical (U‐Pb, SIMS) data on zircons from the mafic inclusions suggest that their age is close, within the error limits, to the age of zircons from the enclosing Sobsky complex rocks.
MECHANISMS OF MAGMATIC MINGLING IN COMPOSITE DYKES: MODELS OF DISPERSION AND SHEAR DILATATION
Authors: Vladimirov V. G. , Yakovlev V. A. , Karmysheva I. V.
Published: June 2019

This article is focused on the intrusion and formation of combined dykes. Two main groups of conventionally magmatic mingling are distinguished: (1) plutonic bodies, and (2) combined dykes. The first group is represented by small basite inclusions that are uniformly scattered in granitoid bodies, and includes elongated swarms and tails of small bodies. The second group includes composite dykes with the indicators of mechanical mingling of basic and acid melts. Despite the similarities in the structural and textural features and the indicators of mechanical mingling of melts, these two groups are characterized by clearly different proportions of the volumes of contrasting melts and differ in the duration of formation, place of melt mingling, and tectonic setting. None of the available models was able to explain the occurrence of magmatic mingling structures in individual dykes. In our study, the mingling mechanisms of contrasting melts are discussed using the data on the geological objects located in West Sangilen, an area of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The general and specific parameters of combined dikes of the Saizyral and Tavyt‐ Dag sites are considered. The models of shear dilatation and dispersion are proposed for explaining the mechanisms of magmatic mingling in combined dykes.
THERMOCHRONOLOGY OF GRANITOID BATHOLITHS AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION INTO METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEXES (EXAMPLE OF SONG‐CHAI MASSIF, NORTHERN VIETNAM)
Authors: Vladimirov A. G. , Travin A. V. , Anh Phan Luu , Murzintsev N. G. , Annikova I. Yu. , Mikheev E. I. , Duong Nguyen Anh , Man Tran Thi , Lan Tran Thi
Published: June 2019

Based on the reconstruction of the thermal evolution of granitoid batholith, represented by the Song‐Chai gneiss‐granite massif (Northern Vietnam), the long‐term existence of granitoid magma at deep levels of the Earth's crust (H≥25 km, Δt~20–50 Ma) is established. The geodynamic analysis of the granitoid batholith and mathematical modeling of its thermal history shows that the magmatic chamber should be considered as a thermal trap at the lower level of the crust, which preserved residual granite melts for a long time. Activation of the magmatic chamber occurs in post‐collisional strike‐slip fault zones and is accompanied by tectonic exhumation of large crustal segments. As a result, the batholith is transformed into a Cordilleran‐type metamorphic core complex, residual rare‐metal melts are emplaced, and, commercial deposits are thus formed.
A Racionalidade Substantiva no Instituto Çarakura
Authors: Fontoura Daniel Silva , Beskow Eduardo Alvares , Zorzin Allan Muriel , Moretto Neto Luis
Published: June 2019

O objetivo do presente trabalho é verificar a racionalidade predominante em uma organização do terceiro setor, o Instituto Çarakura, com o intuito de evidenciar de que forma a razão instrumental e a razão substantiva se concretizam na prática administrativa. Este estudo se sustenta a partir da perspectiva das novas formas organizacionais e principalmente da abordagem da racionalidade substantiva discutida por Max Weber e por Guerreiro Ramos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, observação e análise documental. Para análise de dados, foram utilizadas três categorias do quadro de categorias discutido por Maurício Serva (1997), possibilitando a aplicação empírica do estudo na organização não governamental estudada. A partir dos resultados alcançados foi possível identificar a predominância da racionalidade substantiva na organização, ainda assim, evidenciou-se a presença também da racionalidade instrumental.
La réalisation du droit à la santé des Inuits à travers la mise en oeuvre des ententes sur les répercussions et les avantages : le cas de l’Entente Raglan et des communautés de Salluit et de Kangiqsujuaq
Authors: Archambault-Laliberté Marianne
Published: June 2019

Comment les ententes sur les répercussions et les avantages (ERA) peuvent-elles contribuer à la réalisation du droit à la santé des populations signataires ? Par leurs vastes champs d’application, les ERA constituent des véhicules propices au renforcement des droits de la personne. Souvent employées comme outil de développement économique, peu d’entre elles mettent cependant explicitement l’accent sur l’amélioration du bien-être des communautés. Bien que les parties prenantes autochtones soient fréquemment d’accord pour que les questions de santé et de bien-être soient abordées, la structure des négociations semble empêcher cette prise en considération. De fait, outre qu’elles sont difficilement quantifiables, les retombées de mesures ayant pout objet le renforcement de la santé ne sont que rarement observables à court terme, ce qui les distingue des mesures de nature proprement économique. À travers l’analyse des clauses de l’Entente Raglan et la lecture des impacts de cette dernière sur le bien-être des communautés de Salluit et de Kangiqsujuaq, l’auteure met en évidence les retombées positives et négatives de cette ERA sur la réalisation du droit à la santé des deux populations inuites visées. Elle apporte ainsi un éclairage sur la manière dont les ERA pourraient être utilisées au réel bénéfice sociosanitaire des communautés signataires.
Comparison of soil bacterial community and functional characteristics following afforestation in the semi-arid areas
Authors: Deng Jiaojiao , Zhang Yan , Yin You , Zhu Xu , Zhu Wenxu , Zhou Yongbin
Published: June 2019

Changes in soil bacterial communities, which are crucial for the assessment of ecological restoration in Chinese plantations, have never been studied in the “Three North Shelterbelt” project in the semi-arid areas. We used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene to investigate the soil bacterial community diversity, structure, and functional characteristics in three plantation forests, including Populus × canadensis Moench (PC), Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (PS), and Pinus tabuliformis (PT). In addition, soil environment factors were measured. There were distinct differences in soil characteristics among different plantation forests. Compared to PS and PT, PC had a higher soil pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and available P, as well as a lower C/N ratio. Furthermore, afforestation with different tree species significantly altered the abundance of Proteobacteria, and Chloroflexi in the soil, and its influence on the bacterial diversity indices. The bacterial community compositions and functional groups related to C and N cycling from PS, and PT were grouped tightly, indicating that the soil bacterial phylogenetic distance of PS and PT were closer than that between PS plus PT and PC. Our results implied that the soil characteristics, as well as the diversity, compositions and functions related to C and N cycling of soil bacterial community obviously differed from the following afforestation, especially between PC and PS plus PT, which in turn enormously established the correlation between the soil microbial community characteristics and the afforestation tree species.
Cramér-Rao Bound of Direction Finding Using a Uniform Hexagonal Array
Authors: Ndiritu Grace Wakarima , Kitavi Dominic Makaa , Ngari Cyrus Gitonga
Published: June 2019

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is a key area of sensor array processing which is encountered  in many important engineering applications. Although various studies have focused on the uniform hexagonal array for direction finding, there is a scanty use of the uniform hexagonal array in conjunction with Cramer-Rao bound for direction finding estimation. The advantage of Cramér- Rao bound based on the uniform hexagonal array: overcome the problem of unwanted radiation in undesired directions. In this paper, the direction-of-arrival estimation of Cramér-Rao bound based on the uniform hexagonal array was studied. The proposed approach concentrated on deriving the array manifold vector for the uniform hexagonal array and Cramer-Rao bound of the uniform hexagonal array. The Cramér-Rao bound based on the uniform hexagonal array was compared with Cramer-Rao bound based on the uniform circular array. The conclusions are as follows. The Cramer-Rao bound of uniform hexagonal array decreases with an increase in the number of sensors. The comparison between the uniform hexagonal array and uniform circular array shows that the Cramér-Rao bound of the uniform hexagonal array was slightly higher as compared to the Cramér-Rao bound of the uniform circular array. The analytical results are supported by graphical representation.
ZNF384‐fusion proteins have high affinity for the transcriptional coactivator EP300 and aberrant transcriptional activities
Authors: Yamamoto Hideyuki , Hayakawa Fumihiko , Yasuda Takahiko , Odaira Koya , Minamikawa Yuka , Tange Naoyuki , Hirano Daiki , Kojima Yuki , Morishita Takanobu , Tsuzuki Shinobu , Naoe Tomoki , Kiyoi Hitoshi
Published: June 2019

Zinc‐finger protein 384 (ZNF384) fusion (Z‐fusion) genes have recently been identified as recurrent fusion genes in B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP‐ALL) and have been detected in 7–17% of Philadelphia chromosome‐negative BCP‐ALL cases. We selected SALL4 and ID2 as potential Z‐fusion‐specific transcriptional targets that might lead to the differentiation disorder of Z‐fusion‐positive ALL. The introduction of EP300‐ZNF384 and SYNRG‐ZNF384 induced the expression of these genes. Z‐fusion proteins exhibited stronger transcriptional activities on the promoter or enhancer region of these genes than Wild‐Z. Furthermore, GST pull‐down assay revealed that Z‐fusion proteins associated more strongly with EP300 than Wild‐Z. Coexpression of EP300 specifically enhanced the transcriptional activities of Z‐fusion proteins. We propose the increased EP300 binding of Z‐fusion proteins as a mechanism for their increased transcriptional activities.
Comparative analysis of CDR3 regions in paired human αβ CD8 T cells
Authors: Yu Kun , Shi Ji , Lu Dan , Yang Qiong
Published: June 2019

The majority of human CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes express αβ T‐cell receptors that recognize peptide–MHC class I complexes. Considerable attention has been devoted to TCR β repertoires, but study of TCR α chains has been limited. To gain a better understanding of the features of CDR3α and CDR3β in paired samples, we comprehensively analyzed 776 unique paired αβ TCR CDR3 regions in this study. We found that (I) the CDR3 length among paired αβ TCRs had a fairly narrow distribution due to random assortment of CDR3 length in alpha and beta chains; (II) nucleotide deletions among CDR3 regions were positively correlated with insertions in both α and β TCRs; (III) the CDR3 loops of both α and β chains contained an abundance of charged/polar residues and the CDR3 base regions contained a conserved motif; and (IV) the occurrence of Gly was CDR3 length‐ and position‐dependent in both chains, whereas the frequency of Ser at positions 106 and 107 was positively correlated with CDR3 length in TCR β. Overall, the amino acids in CDR3 loop regions were significantly different between TCR α and β, which suggests a distinct role for each chain in the recognition of antigen–MHC complexes. Here, we have provided detailed information on CDR3 in paired TCRs expressed on human CD8+ T cells and established the basis of a reference set for αβ TCR repertoires in healthy humans.
Megacity Skeleton
Authors: Amemiya Tomohiko , Okabe Akiko , Suzuki Akira , Ellisa Evawani , Hery Fuad Achmad
Published: June 2019

“Megacity Skeleton” is a housing prototype project aimed at improving the urban living environment. The project site is located at Kampong Cikini, a high‐density informal settlement situated in the center of Jakarta Megacity. Although this kind of area is always at risk of slum clearance owing to its poor hygiene and environmental conditions, it has fostered attractive lifestyles with a low global environmental load and rich co‐help systems among the intimate community over time. Our challenge is to propose a new approach to sustain urban regeneration through a series of micro architectural interventions respecting the existing urban structure and social capital. The proposed architecture “Megacity Skeleton” is clearly constituted by the skeleton and the skin. This concept ensures the future basic living environment by controlling the “possibility” and “impossibility” of DIY construction by residents.
Effects of antiepileptic drugs in a new TSC/mTOR‐dependent epilepsy mouse model
Authors: Koene Linda M. C. , van Grondelle Saskia E. , Proietti Onori Martina , Wallaard Ilse , Kooijman Nathalie H. R. M. , van Oort Annabel , Schreiber Jadwiga , Elgersma Ype
Published: June 2019

Objective

An epilepsy mouse model for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) was developed and validated to investigate the mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis. Furthermore, the possible antiepileptogenic properties of commonly used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and new compounds were assessed.

Methods

Tsc1 deletion was induced in CAMK2A‐expressing neurons of adult mice. The antiepileptogenic properties of commonly used AEDs and inhibitors of the mTOR pathways were assessed by EEG recordings and by molecular read outs.

Results

Mice developed epilepsy in a narrow time window (10 ± 2 days) upon Tsc1 gene deletion. Seizure frequency but not duration increased over time. Seizures were lethal within 18 days, were unpredictable, and did not correlate to seizure onset, length or frequency, reminiscent of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Tsc1 gene deletion resulted in a strong activation of the mTORC1 pathway, and both epileptogenesis and lethality could be entirely prevented by RHEB1 gene deletion or rapamycin treatment. However, other inhibitors of the mTOR pathway such as AZD8055 and PF4708671 were ineffective. Except for ketogenic diet, none of commonly used AEDs showed an effect on mTORC1 activity. Vigabatrin and ketogenic diet treatment were able to significantly delay seizure onset. In contrast, survival was shortened by lamotrigine.

Interpretation

This novel Tsc1 mouse model is highly suitable to assess the efficacy of antiepileptic and ‐epileptogenic drugs to treat mTORC1‐dependent epilepsy. Additionally, it allows us to study the mechanisms underlying mTORC1‐mediated epileptogenesis and SUDEP. We found that early treatment with vigabatrin was not able to prevent epilepsy, but significantly delayed seizure onset.
Efficacy and Safety of Long‐Term Baricitinib With and Without Methotrexate for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Experience With Baricitinib Monotherapy Continuation or After Switching From Methotrexate Monotherapy or Baricitinib Plus Methotrexate
Authors: Fleischmann Roy , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Schiff Michael , Schlichting Douglas , Xie Li , Issa Maher , Stoykov Ivaylo , Lisse Jeffrey , Martinez‐Osuna Pindaro , Rooney Terence , Zerbini Cristiano A. F.
Published: June 2019

Objective

To evaluate the long‐term efficacy and safety of maintaining baricitinib monotherapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) originally treated with baricitinib monotherapy or switched from methotrexate (MTX) or the combination of baricitinib plus MTX to baricitinib monotherapy.

Methods

This is a post hoc analysis of patients from the RA‐BEGIN study who entered a long‐term extension, RA‐BEYOND, and were assessed for up to 24 weeks. In RA‐BEGIN, MTX‐naive patients with early active RA were randomized to MTX monotherapy, baricitinib 4 mg monotherapy, or baricitinib 4 mg plus MTX. At week 52, all patients entering RA‐BEYOND received baricitinib 4 mg monotherapy. MTX could be prescribed during RA‐BEYOND at the investigator's discretion.

Results

Patients in RA‐BEYOND who were not rescued in RA‐BEGIN (n = 423) were evaluated. Of these, 47% continued baricitinib monotherapy and 53% added MTX, with similar proportions from the 3 original arms. Patients with lower disease activity at the RA‐BEYOND baseline generally continued to do well with baricitinib monotherapy as assessed by the Simplified Disease Activity Index, the Clinical Disease Activity Index, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index scores. Patients prescribed MTX had higher disease activity at the RA‐BEYOND baseline and had improved disease activity after the addition of MTX. Safety outcomes were similar across treatment groups.

Conclusion

Many patients responded well to continued baricitinib monotherapy or to switching to baricitinib monotherapy from MTX monotherapy or baricitinib plus MTX, showing sustained or improved disease control. The groups of patients who had less disease control on their original therapies showed sustained or improved disease control with the addition of MTX to baricitinib.
Longitudinal Trajectories of Pain and Function Improvement Following Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Yang Heidi Y. , Losina Elena , Lange Jeffrey K. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Collins Jamie E.
Published: June 2019

Objective

Up to 30% of patients experience persistent pain and functional limitations following total knee replacement (TKR). Rapid symptom relief in the early postoperative period may be linked to longer‐term outcome improvements. We sought to identify early improvement trajectories and to identify risk factors for suboptimal outcomes.

Methods

We used data from the Adding Value in Knee Arthroplasty (AViKA) Cohort study, a prospective longitudinal study of patients with knee osteoarthritis who underwent TKR. We assessed pain and function using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). We used group‐based trajectory modeling to identify distinct patterns of pain and function improvement over 6 months. We assessed the association between these early improvement trajectories and 24‐month outcomes, including pain, function, and satisfaction.

Results

We analyzed data from 107 subjects. Mean baseline WOMAC pain and function scores were 42 (SD 17) and 44 (SD 15), respectively (0‐100; 100 = worst). We identified two pain‐improvement trajectories (suboptimal vs optimal improvement) and two function‐improvement trajectories (suboptimal vs optimal improvement). Greater pain catastrophizing, worse mental health status, and use of a supportive device prior to TKR were associated with being in a suboptimal trajectory. Recipients of TKR in the suboptimal trajectories had higher pain, high functional disability, and lower satisfaction at 24 months post‐TKR.

Conclusion

Patients with slower improvement over the first 6 months post‐TKR had worse outcomes at 24 months, suggesting that this early postoperative period may represent a window during which interventions aimed at speeding recovery may improve long‐term TKR outcomes.
MoOx/Au Schottky‐Gated Field‐Effect Transistors and Their Fast Inverters
Authors: Lan Yang , Hu Chao , Deng Hui , Sun Lulu , Yuan Shengjie , Wang Jing , Yu Xiangxiang , Yang Xiaokun , Zhou Yinhua , Song Haisheng , Huang Xintang
Published: June 2019

2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are considered to have high potential for application in consumer electronics. For such applications, they require low threshold, fast operation, and simple fabrication processes. Previously reported 2D TMD metal–insulator–semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MISFETs) usually suffer from high operating voltages and interfacial trap‐induced scattering as their dielectric layer reduces the applied gate voltage and introduces interfacial defects. In order to avoid such problems, 2D MoS2‐based Schottky‐gated metal–semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MESFETs) are developed. Such devices rely on the newly developed MoOx/Au gate electrode. They obtain superior transport mobility, up to 160 cm2 V−1 s−1, compared to an equivalent channel back‐gated MISFET, which only reaches 6.9 cm2 V−1 s−1. Furthermore, the back electric field is utilized to tune the on–off current, SS, and threshold voltage of the MESFET to adapt to different operation requirements. In an integrated prototype device, a MESFET‐based inverter exhibits a faster switching behavior than a mirrored inverter driven by a MISFET. This work provides a reliable strategy for high‐performance MESFET devices, which may expand the 2D material device applications into future consumer electronics.
Bilayered Oxide‐Based Cognitive Memristor with Brain‐Inspired Learning Activities
Authors: Xiong Wen , Zhu Li Qiang , Ye Cong , Yu Fei , Ren Zheng Yu , Ge Zi Yi
Published: June 2019

Recently, neuromorphic devices have attracted great attention due to their potential to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck. Due to their nonlinear electrical characteristics and nonvolatile resistance, memristors have been proposed for use in neuromorphic device applications. Bilayered HfO2/TiOx‐based cognitive memristors are proposed. They demonstrate conductance‐modulation capabilities at low operation voltage. Moreover, they can be used to mimic the learning behaviors of biological synapses. The multistore memory model of the brain is exhibited. Furthermore, four types of spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity leaning rules are mimicked by modulating the pre‐ and postsynaptic spikes. In addition, pattern learning and memory behaviors are mimicked. These results indicate that the Pt/HfO2/TiOx/TiN cognitive memristor has potential for applications in neuromorphic platforms.
Copper nanoparticles supported on 2‐methoxy‐1‐phenylethanone‐functionalized MCM‐41: An efficient and recyclable catalyst for one‐pot three‐component C–S coupling reaction of aryl halides with benzyl bromide and thiourea
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Fakhari Farzaneh , Bidhendi Gholamreza Nabi
Published: June 2019

An environmentally friendly copper‐based catalyst supported on 2‐methoxy‐1‐phenylethanone‐functionalized MCM‐41 was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform‐infrared, transmission electron microscopy, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma techniques. The catalyst was applied for the one‐pot three‐component C–S coupling reactions of aryl halides with benzyl bromide and thiourea under aerobic conditions to afford the corresponding coupled products in good yields in water. The catalyst could be recovered and recycled five times. These results prove 2‐methoxy‐1‐phenylethanone‐functionalized MCM‐41 supported Cu (II) complex was not leached during the reaction. Also it shows the correct heterogeneous nature of the catalyst.
Comonomer effect: Switching the lower critical solution temperature to upper critical solution temperature in thermo‐pH sensitive binary graft copolymers
Authors: Pino‐Ramos Victor H. , Cedillo Gerardo , López‐Barriguete Eduardo , Bucio Emilio
Published: June 2019

Hydrophilic biocompatible surfaces can be obtained by grafting stimuli‐sensitive polymers onto commercially available medical devices. Thermo and pH‐responsive polymers are two of the most studied materials due to their potential application as drug delivery systems. Poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) near to physiological temperature. However, when it is grafted with pH‐sensitive moieties its LCST it is affected undergoing remarkable displacements. We studied the effect of acrylic acid (AAc), 4‐vinylpyridine (4VP), and 1‐vinylimidazole (Vim) on the LCST of N‐vinylcaprolactam (NVCL) grafted onto silicone rubber (SR), and SR‐g‐NVCL (32.5 °C). The binary graft copolymers were obtained by ionizing grafting radiation using the simultaneous technique; the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR), cross‐polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS 13C‐NMR), and thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA). LCST value was dramatically affected by the comonomer content; even it was observed the switching from LCST to upper critical solution temperature (UCST) for (SR‐g‐NVCL)‐g‐AAc and (SR‐g‐NVCL)‐g‐4VP samples. The observed behavior is rarely reported for binary graft copolymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48170.
Mechanical properties and in vitro degradation behavior of additively manufactured phosphate glass particles/fibers reinforced polylactide
Authors: He Lizhe , Zhong Jiahui , Zhu Chenkai , Liu Xiaoling
Published: June 2019

Phosphate glass/polylactide (PG/PLA) composites were additively manufactured via fused deposition modeling. The incorporation of 10 wt % PG particles improved the flexural modulus of composites by ~14% (3.53 GPa) but led to 5% reduction in flexural strength (92.4 MPa). The trend was more pronounced as the particle loading doubled. Comparing to a particulate composite of the same weight fraction, milled PG fibers (PGFs) reinforcement led to more effectively improved flexural modulus (~30%, 4.10 GPa). After 28 days of in vitro degradation in phosphate buffered saline, the particulate composites lost more than 30% of their initial mechanical properties, in contrast to less than 10% reduction of strength/modulus reported from fiber reinforced composites. The additively manufactured PG/PLA matrix composites have potential for application as customized bone fixation plates to repair the fractures under modest load‐bearing applications. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48171.
Photo‐/Baso‐Chromisms and the Application of a Dual‐Addressable Molecular Switch
Authors: Liu Danyang , Yu Binhong , Su Xing , Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Yu‐Mo , Li Minjie , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An
Published: June 2019

Two typical molecular switches of spiropyran (SP) and benzoxazine (OX) were fused by sharing an indole to achieve a new dual‐addressable molecular switch (SP‐OX‐NO2). Through proper molecular modification with NO2, the transformation from merocyanine (MC) to ring‐closed SP or ring‐closed OX can be controlled separately with visible light or base stimuli in solution, respectively, and these processes are verified by UV‐vis and NMR spectroscopy as well as control experiments. The cis‐merocyanine (cis‐MC) form is involved in the basochromic process in solution. DFT calculation suggests that the bidirectional switching property of the fused SP‐OX molecular switch can be controlled separately, when the OX isomer is more stable than the deprotonated SP isomer. Because of the significant color variations in solution, the simple dual‐addressable switch has been further successfully applied to construct a multicolor reversible display on paper.
Bioelectrochemistry–An Electrifying Experience Over 70 Years
Authors: Bollella Paolo , Santoro Carlo , Cristiani Pierangela , Atanassov Plamen
Published: June 2019

Professor Lo Gunnar Otto Gorton (Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Sweden) was born on 29 July 1949, and he will turn 70 years old this summer. This Special Collection on Bioelectrochemistry is dedicated to Lo on this landmark occasion. This preface gives some personal insights into Lo′s career beyond the traditional academic perspective.
Oxidative Dehydrogenative [3+3] Annulation of Benzylhydrazines with Aziridines Leading to Tetrahydrotriazines
Authors: Li Haitao , Liang Jia , Huo Congde
Published: June 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusion

Oxidative dehydrogenative [3+3] annulation of benzylhydrazines with N‐sulfonylaziridines is described. A series of complex tetrahydro‐1,2,4‐triazines were produced under mild reaction conditions.
Refactoring for introducing and tuning parallelism for heterogeneous multicore machines in Erlang
Authors: Janjic Vladimir , Brown Christopher , Barwell Adam , Hammond Kevin
Published: June 2019

This paper presents semi‐automatic software refactorings to introduce and tune structured parallelism in sequential Erlang code, as well as to generate code for running computations on GPUs and possibly other accelerators. Our refactorings are based on the lapedo framework for programming heterogeneous multi‐core systems in Erlang. lapedo is based on the PaRTE refactoring tool and also contains (1) a set of hybrid skeletons that target both CPU and GPU processors, (2) novel refactorings for introducing and tuning parallelism, and (3) a tool to generate the GPU offloading and scheduling code in Erlang, which is used as a component of hybrid skeletons. We demonstrate, on four realistic use‐case applications, that we are able to refactor sequential code and produce heterogeneous parallel versions that can achieve significant and scalable speedups of up to 220 over the original sequential Erlang program on a 24‐core machine with a GPU.
Craft a compelling evidence‐based story to draw learners to campus
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2019

ATLANTA — If a picture's worth a thousand words, then an accurate snapshot of how your institution will enrich the lives of your students is worth at least a brochure. But how can you properly convey the full scope of the return on investment students can expect when they attend your institution?
Influences of two coexisting endosymbionts, CI‐inducing Wolbachia and male‐killing Spiroplasma, on the performance of their host Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Yoshida Kazuki , Sanada‐Morimura Sachiyo , Huang Shou‐Horng , Tokuda Makoto
Published: June 2019

The small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is reported to have the endosymbiont Wolbachia, which shows a strong cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) between infected males and uninfected females. In the 2000s, female‐biased L. striatellus populations were found in Taiwan, and this sex ratio distortion was the result of male‐killing induced by the infection of another endosymbiont, Spiroplasma. Spiroplasma infection is considered to negatively affect both L. striatellus and Wolbachia because the male‐killing halves the offspring of L. striatellus and hinders the spread of Wolbachia infection via CI. Spiroplasma could have traits that increase the fitness of infected L. striatellus and/or coexisting organisms because the coinfection rates of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma were rather high in some areas. In this study, we investigated the influences of the infection of these two endosymbionts on the development, reproduction, and insecticide resistance of L. striatellus in the laboratory. Our results show that the single‐infection state of Spiroplasma had a negative influence on the fertility of L. striatellus, while the double‐infection state had no significant influence. At late nymphal and adult stages, the abundance of Spiroplasma was lower in the double‐infection state than in the single‐infection state. In the double‐infection state, the reduction of Spiroplasma density may be caused by competition between the two endosymbionts, and the negative influence of Spiroplasma on the fertility of host may be relieved. The resistance of L. striatellus to four insecticides was compared among different infection states of endosymbionts, but Spiroplasma infection did not contribute to increase insecticide resistance. Because positive influences of Spiroplasma infection were not found in terms of the development, reproduction, and insecticide resistance of L. striatellus, other factors improving the fitness of Spiroplasma‐infected L. striatellus may be related to the high frequency of double infection in some L. striatellus populations.
From plant fungi to bee parasites: mycorrhizae and soil nutrients shape floral chemistry and bee pathogens
Authors: Davis Julie K. , Aguirre Luis A. , Barber Nicholas A. , Stevenson Philip C. , Adler Lynn S.
Published: June 2019

Bee populations have experienced declines in recent years, due in part to increased disease incidence. Multiple factors influence bee–pathogen interactions, including nectar and pollen quality and secondary metabolites. However, we lack an understanding of how plant interactions with their environment shape bee diet quality. We examined how plant interactions with the belowground environment alter floral rewards and, in turn, bee–pathogen interactions. Soil‐dwelling mycorrhizal fungi are considered plant mutualists, although the outcome of the relationship depends on environmental conditions such as nutrients. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, we asked whether mycorrhizal fungi and nutrients affect concentrations of nectar and pollen alkaloids (anabasine and nicotine) previously shown to reduce infection by the gut pathogen Crithidia in the native bumble bee Bombus impatiens. To ask how plant interactions affect this common bee pathogen, we fed pollen and nectar from our treatment plants, and from a wildflower pollen control with artificial nectar, to bees infected with Crithidia. Mycorrhizal fungi and fertilizer both influenced flowering phenology and floral chemistry. While we found no anabasine or nicotine in nectar, high fertilizer increased anabasine and nicotine in pollen. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) decreased nicotine concentrations, but the reduction due to AMF was stronger in high than low‐nutrient conditions. AMF and nutrients also had interactive effects on bee pathogens via changes in nectar and pollen. High fertilizer reduced Crithidia cell counts relative to low fertilizer in AMF plants, but increased Crithidia in non‐AMF plants. These results did not correspond with effects of fertilizer and AMF on pollen alkaloid concentrations, suggesting that other components of pollen or nectar were affected by treatments and shaped pathogen counts. Our results indicate that soil biotic and abiotic environment can alter bee–pathogen interactions via changes in floral rewards, and underscore the importance of integrative studies to predict disease dynamics and ecological outcomes.
Supercritical Deposition Coupled with Ammonia Treatment: A New Route to Co‐Promoted N‐Doped Carbon Aerogels with High Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity
Authors: Ünsal Seçil , Yağcı Mustafa Barış , Bozbağ Selmi Erim , Deljoo Bahareh , Aindow Mark , Erkey Can
Published: June 2019

A new highly active family of Co‐promoted N‐doped carbon aerogel catalysts is prepared by a supercritical CO2‐assisted technique combined with NH3 treatment. The active sites are created during the complex transformation of an organic aerogel to a carbon aerogel in the presence of cobalt by NH3 as the source of nitrogen and pyrolysis medium. The mass activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is highest for the catalyst pyrolyzed at 800 °C. The catalyst displays similar activity for ORR as a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Moreover, the catalyst exhibits nearly double the mass activity of N‐doped carbon aerogel pyrolyzed at the same temperature. The nature of the active sites for ORR is also investigated by selectively adding or removing various species (i.e., Co–Nx and Co–O) via post acid–base treatments. After removing the Co species from the catalyst, the same activity as the parent catalyst is achieved suggesting that the Co species in the catalyst are spectators in ORR catalysis and they serve only to promote the formation of catalytically active graphitic N sites during pyrolysis in NH3. A strong correlation is found between the relative distribution of graphitic N species and the mass activity.
Testing for family influences on obesity: The role of genetic nurture
Authors: Cawley John , Han Euna , Kim Jiyoon , Norton Edward C.
Published: June 2019

A large literature has documented strong positive correlations among siblings in health, including body mass index (BMI) and obesity. This paper tests whether that is explained by a specific type of peer effect in obesity: genetic nurture. Specifically, we test whether an individual's weight is affected by the genes of their sibling, controlling for the individual's own genes. Using genetic data in Add Health, we find no credible evidence that an individual's BMI is affected by the polygenic risk score for BMI of their full sibling when controlling for the individual's own polygenic risk score for BMI. Thus, we find no evidence that the positive correlations in BMI between siblings are attributable to genetic nurture within families.
A direct regression approach to decomposing socioeconomic inequality of health
Authors: Kessels Roselinde , Erreygers Guido
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a new regression‐based decomposition of socioeconomic inequality of health that is more direct than other approaches. The method can be applied to both rank‐dependent and level‐dependent indicators of inequality. The response variable of our regression model is a simple reformulation of the measure of overall performance of an individual in the health and socioeconomic domains. Regression results are described in terms of marginal effects of the explanatory variables, but also in terms of their logworths or importance values. We illustrate our method, and compare it with alternatives, using Australian health and income data.
Modelling multiseasonal preferential transport of dissolved organic carbon in a shallow forest soil: Equilibrium versus kinetic sorption
Authors: Dusek Jaromir , Dohnal Michal , Vogel Tomas , Marx Anne , Barth Johannes A.C.
Published: June 2019

Parameterization of transformation and transport processes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soils is challenging especially under variable hydrological conditions. In this study, DOC concentrations in stormflow were analysed with a physically based modelling approach. A one‐dimensional dual‐continuum vertical flow and transport model was applied to simulate subsurface processes in a macroporous forest hillslope soil over a period of 4.5 years. Microbially mediated transformations of DOC were assumed to depend primarily on soil moisture and soil temperature. Two conceptually different descriptions of the sorption of DOC to soil were examined with equilibrium and kinetic approaches. In order to quantify the uncertainties associated with the model parameterization, Monte Carlo analyses in conjunction with Latin hypercube sampling was performed. Despite the complexity of microbial transformations, the simulated temporal patterns of DOC concentrations in stormflow showed similar behaviour to those reflected in the observed DOC fluxes. Due to preferential flow, the hillslope DOC export (5.0 ± 0.5 g C · m−2 · year−1) was higher than the amounts usually reported in the literature. Overall DOC transport in hillslope scenarios could be described appropriately using the equilibrium sorption assumption. The performed analyses showed that the inclusion of the kinetic description of DOC sorption only slightly improved the predictions of the DOC hillslope export. Moreover, influences of seasonal hydro‐climatological conditions on hillslope export of DOC could be observed. Reduced DOC transport during an extreme warm and dry summer was described with lower accuracy, thus indicating the difficulties in the representation of DOC transformations under dry conditions.
Transforming School Hallways Through Critical Inquiry: Multimodal Literacies for Civic Engagement
Authors: DeJaynes Tiffany , Curmi‐Hall Christopher
Published: June 2019

The authors examined the research and activism of 10th graders (ages 15–16) involved in a youth participatory action research project in a course in qualitative research at their small public school in New York City, New York. The authors, a classroom researcher and a high school teacher, looked closely at how the youth researchers used photography, collage, and videography to transform their school hallways into a space for critical conversations about race and gender. The authors examined how the hallways became a civic space shaped by collective youth resistance, multimodal counterstories, and negotiated civic engagement.
Potentiometric, spectral characterization, and antioxidant activity studies of ternary complexes involving Cu(II) and carbamoylcholine chloride drug with amino acids
Authors: Al‐Onazi Wedad A. , Al‐Mohaimeed Amal M. , Almarhoon Zainab M. , Al‐Farraj Eida S. , Alothman Asma A.
Published: June 2019

A potentiometric method was used to determine the stability constants for the various complexes of copper(II) with carbamoylcholine chloride (C) drug as a ligand in the presence of some biorelevant amino acid constituents like glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), valine (Val), proline (Pro), β‐phenylalanine (Phe), S‐methylcysteine (Met), threonine (Thr), ornithine (Orn), lysine (Lys), histidine (Hisd), histamine (Hist), and imidazole (Imz) as ligands (L). Stability constants of complexes were determined at 25°C and I = 0.10 mol/L NaNO3. The relative stability of each ternary complex was compared with that of the corresponding binary complexes in terms of Δlog K and % R.S. values. Cu(II) complexes of drug C were synthesized in 1:1 and 1:1:1 M ratios of copper to drug [Cu(C)(NO3)2] (1) and copper to drug to glycine[Cu(C)(Gly)(NO3)].NO3 (2), respectively. Glycine ternary complex with drug and copper [Cu(C)(Gly)(NO3)].NO3 was considered as representative amino acid. The complexes 1 and 2 were isolated and characterized using various physicochemical and spectral techniques. Both complexes 1 and 2 were found to have magnetic moments corresponding to one unpaired electron. The possible square planar and square‐pyramidal geometries of the copper (II) complexes were assigned on the basis of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and infrared (IR) spectral studies, and the discrete Fourier transform method from DMOL3 calculations. Antioxidant activities of all the synthesized compounds were also investigated.
New insights into the metagenomic link between pre‐treatment method, addition of an inoculum and biomethane yield during anaerobic digestion of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Authors: Roopnarain Ashira , Nkuna Rosina , Ndaba Busiswa , Adeleke Rasheed
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a fast growing water weed that threatens the aquatic ecosystem and human activities, hence control of the plant is essential. One such control approach is to harvest and utilize hyacinth as a substrate for anaerobic digestion (AD). Various factors influence AD performance, including substrate pre‐treatment and microbial community composition, amongst others. This study was aimed at establishing the link between method of substrate pre‐treatment, microbial diversity, inoculum addition and biogas yield during AD of hyacinth.

RESULTS

The addition of an inoculum resulted in microbial community stability and early biomethane production of up to 0.4 L irrespective of pre‐treatment method. However, cultures that lacked inoculum showed distinct microbial community structure variation in response to pre‐treatment method, and minimal early biomethane production (up to 0.1 L). Biogas produced by cultures lacking inoculum was initially mostly composed of carbon dioxide (up to 100% of total biogas), but as digestion proceeded, an increase in biomethane production was observed (up to 60% of total biogas), which correlated with the shift in microbial community structure and increased microbial diversity. This indicates the presence of biogas‐producing microorganisms associated with the collected hyacinth. Canonical correspondence analysis proved that dynamic changes in microbial community structure and biogas yield were strongly correlative.

CONCLUSION

This study proves that hyacinth pre‐treatment influences microbial community structure and concomitant biogas yield in the absence of an inoculum. The addition of an inoculum aids in stability of microbial community structure and biogas yield irrespective of method of hyacinth pre‐treatment. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Real‐world data of Helicobacter pylori prevalence, eradication regimens, and antibiotic resistance in Thailand, 2013–2018
Authors: Shoosanglertwijit Rossanun , Kamrat Nuttamon , Werawatganon Duangporn , Chatsuwan Tanittha , Chaithongrat Supakarn , Rerknimitr Rungsun
Published: June 2019

Background and Aim

Helicobacter pylori is a class I carcinogen. Nowadays, the problem of antibiotic resistance is increasing worldwide. The latest prevalence rates of infection and resistant status in Thailand vary or are out of date. Our aims are to identify the current prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns in Thailand and to suggest regimens for treatment‐naive and ‐resistant patients.

Methods

This descriptive retrospective study was conducted, using a urea breath test, on patients in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital between 2013 and 2017. They were categorized into the diagnostic group and posttreatment group. Specimens from some patients were cultured to identify the antibiotic‐resistant pattern.

Results

There were 1894 patients included in our study. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in dyspeptic patients was 28.4%. Of 1258 patients, 1165 (92.61%) responded to initial treatment. The 95 patients who failed to respond could respond to second‐line treatment of longer period, at higher doses, or using other antibiotics (success rate 68.42%). There were 21.43, 14.29, and 10.71% of patients resistant to ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and clarithromycin, respectively. However, no patients resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline, and levofloxacin were found.

Conclusion

The prevalence of H. pylori infection in Thailand has increased slightly. Initial regimens (triple therapy or sequential therapy or quadruple therapy) can be effective for the eradication of H. pylori infection, with a success rate of > 90%. For patients who failed to respond to initial triple therapy, using a longer duration of triple therapy or changing to quadruple therapy could be a good alternative. The resistance rates of amoxicillin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, and tetracycline are declining, but those of clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin are increasing.