bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiographic manifestations of inoperable primary bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Ahmed Miaad , Mustafa Khalid Al-Hayali Shaymaa
Published: November 2020

Bronchogenic carcinoma should be a topic of paramount importance to all who interpret chest radiographs because of its increasing incidence. For several decades the disease has been underestimated in the developing world. A prospective study was carried out on 52 patients (43 males, 9 females) with primary bronchogenic carcinoma at Oncology Teaching Hospital/Medical City-Baghdad from October 2016 to March 2017. All patients had standard plain chest radiographs (postero-anterior, and lateral views). Any abnormality detected was further studied with conventional tomography. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology examinations for all patients who were clinically evaluated by other methods of investigations. Most patients had more than one radiological feature which were mainly pulmonary masses, either hilar or peripheral or both at the same time. Other less common features were; mediastinal adenopathy (27%), atelactasis (25%) and pleural effusion (21%). Radiological signs that determine inoperability were evaluated together with other factors that were used as basic principles in the assessment of inoperability. From the total of fifty-two patients; 45 (86.5%) were inoperable radiologically and clinically, and also 4 patients (57%) out of the 7 who underwent thoracotomy were inoperable due to invasion and adhesion to the vessels and other vital structures. The chest radiograph is still important, cheap and available diagnostic procedure in lung cancer, and to decide further management.
A extração e caracterização da água de poro nos estudos de durabilidade de armaduras de concreto usando técnicas eletroquímicas
Authors: Vieira Renan Esposito , Mennucci Marina Martins , Quarcioni Valdecir Angelo , De Melo Hercílio Gomes
Published: November 2020

A água de poro de compósitos cimentícios hidratados pode fornecer uma grande quantidade de informações sobre aspectos relacionados à sua composição ou sua hidratação. Ainda, sua correta extração e caracterização pode permitir a realização de estudos adequados de durabilidade associados ao compósito ou à armadura metálica, o que pode permitir a economia de recursos e tempo. A extração da água de poro não apresenta procedimento normalizado, porém deve ser realizada com cuidados específicos, e sua composição consiste principalmente de hidróxidos de sódio, potássio e cálcio, o que garante seu elevado pH. Considerando que a água de poro está presente no interior do compósito cimentício hidratado e algumas vezes em contato direto com a armadura, ela deve ser considerada na análise da dinâmica desse sistema. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo apresenta uma breve revisão sobre aspectos relacionados à água de poro (sua extração e caracterização), bem como sobre sua aplicação em estudos de corrosão de armaduras através de técnicas eletroquímicas, uma vez que tal metodologia apresenta relativa facilidade de execução e seus resultados são muito próximos da realidade de armaduras embutidas em concretos.
Silindirle Sıkıştırılmış Beton (SSB) Kaplamaların Yüzey Özelliklerine Karışım Parametrelerinin Etkisi
Authors: SHABANİ Reza , ŞENGÜN Emin , ÖZTÜRK Hande Işık , YAMAN İsmail
Published: November 2020

Ülkemizde SSB kaplamaların şehir içi ve köy yollarında kullanımı gittikçe artmaktadır. Fakat yol sürüş konforunu ve güvenliğini etkileyen kaplama yüzey özelliklerine, karışım parametrelerinin etkisini inceleyen detaylı bir çalışma uluslararası literatürde mevcut değildir. Bu eksikliği gidermeye yönelik yapılan bu çalışmada, farklı çimento dozajları, agrega gradasyonları ve su oranları ile hazırlanan 12 SSB karışımı, “Superpave-Yoğurmalı-Presi” ile farklı seviyelerde sıkıştırılıp yüzey özellikleri, İngiliz pandülü ve kum yama testleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan istatistiksel analizlerde, yoğurma sayısının etkisi görülmezken; SSB çimento dozajı, su muhtevası ve gradasyonun yalnızca mukavemet yönünden değil aynı zamanda yüzey özellikleri bakımından da etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmış ve SSB karışım optimizasyonu için öneriler getirilmiştir.
MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY AS A RESULT OF APPLICATION OF CONTROLLED AND SLOW RELEASE UREA
Authors: CARLOS SAMUEL STREGE , FERREIRA DA ROSA ELIETE DE FÁTIMA , KASEKER JÉSSICA FERNANDES , SOKAL THAIS FRANCINI , NOHATTO MARCOS ANDRÉ
Published: November 2020

Nitrogen (N) is the main limiting nutrient for productivity and yield components of maize crop. Urea is the main nitrogen source used, which, despite the high N concentration (45%), presents many losses through leaching and volatilization. In view of that, the purpose of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of applying N doses with urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor and slow-release urea, in relation to the conventional urea, on productivity and yield components of maize crop. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Santa Rosa do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, in a 4x5 factorial scheme, where factor A corresponded to four nitrogen protection mechanisms (urea with urease inhibitor, urea with nitrification inhibitor, slow-release urea and conventional urea) and factor B corresponded to the surface-applied nitrogen percentage for the aforementioned protection mechanisms (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the present study, fertilizers with inhibitors (nitrification and urease) and with slow release do not significantly increase maize productivity in relation to the conventional urea and, regardless of the source used, it is possible to reduce the recommended dose by 25%, based on soil analysis, without significantly impacting maize productivity.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF CONVENTIONAL AND TRANSGENIC MAIZE TO WATER STRESS
Authors: LEMOS JOÃO PAULO , PEREIRA GUSTAVO ANTÔNIO MENDES , MATOS CHRISTIANO DA CONCEIÇÃO DE , TROGELLO EMERSON , GALVÃO JOÃO CARLOS CARDOSO , SILVA ANTONIO ALBERTO DA
Published: November 2020

Genetic modifications of plants can affect their ability to use environmental resources. It is known that the anthropic action has caused global climate changes, such as increases in temperature and drought. In view of this, the objective of this study was to evaluate if the addition of the Bt gene influences the physiological performance of isogenic maize hybrids grown under water stress and optimal conditions. Three Bt and non-Bt maize hybrids (Agromen 30A95, Dow 2B707 and BG 7049Y) were cultivated in soil with moisture content at 60% (water stress) and 100% of the field capacity (FC). Among the hybrids, the 30A95 presented greater variation between Bt and non-Bt hybrids in regard to physiological variables. The addition of the Bt gene practically had no impact on the photosynthetic performance of the 2B707 and BG7049 hybrids. The presence of the Bt gene increased the sensitivity to water stress in the hybrids, with reduction of maximal fluorescence and chlorophyll content in the plants. Regardless of the genetic factor (Bt or non-Bt), water stress reduced transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and maximum quantum yield of the PSII in maize plants. It was concluded that the presence of the Bt gene in maize indicates a reduction in the photosynthetic potential of the plant grown under water stress.
Assessing Geospatial Technology Implementation Capacity for Natural Resource Management Networks: A Proposed Framework
Authors: Smith Charlynne , Leung Yu-Fai , Seekamp Erin
Published: November 2020

Using the U.S. National Trails System (NTS), we examined the adoption and implementation of geospatial technologies for natural resource management (NRM). Technology adoption is the decision to use geographic information systems (GIS), whereby implementation represents the delivery of that technical system. We used soft technology, or the human characteristics of user skill and experience, to understand the capacity for delivery of the technical system across the network. The inter-organizational structure of geographically dispersed network members, characteristic of the NTS, provided opportunity to evaluate and compare GIS use and users for NRM. We inventoried GIS adoption and implementation for 23 trail network groups to produce a geospatial technology profile (GTP) of the NTS. Based on the GTP, we developed a framework to calculate an implementation capacity index (ICI) for each network, and then compared network capacity to the level of user engagement (application intricacy) deployed. Results show that higher implementation capacity is not indicative of higher levels of user engagement. Outcomes demonstrate the value of geocollaborative tool evaluations, highlighting the benefits of an assessment framework based on type and use of GIS platform. As an advantage in the process of evaluation, our proposed framework assists networks with implementation strategies, balancing user abilities and mapping capabilities. Additionally, the proposed framework provides a foundation to refine GIS implementation assessment for NRM networks. Understanding the range of GIS technologies and applications used by multiple, geographically dispersed networks can further inform development and deployment strategies that mitigate barriers to successful GIS implementation in inter-organizational scenarios.
Predictive Pharmacological Activity of Galangal Rhizome (Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.) Through in Silico Analysis as an Effort to Accelerate The Research of Indonesian Medicinal Plants
Authors: Jamil Ahmad Shobrun , Ahmad Mujahidin
Published: November 2020

Indonesia has high biodiversity, especially plant species. There are many benefits that can be Obtained from various plants that grow in Indonesia, one of which is as a health supplement or medicinal raw material. Fast researches are important in the use of these plants so that bio-based products can be widely accepted. One of the important fast methods in analysing the benefits of plant chemical compounds is the in-silico prediction utilizing metadata spread over various pages providing scientific data about plants, their chemical compound content and biological activity. This study was focused on predictively observing the biological activity of the compounds in the rhizome of Alpinia galanga. The research method is by analysing metadata from various sources. Data on the content of chemical compounds can be accessed through the page https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/, classification of metabolite compounds contained in plants using http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/, prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) uses http://www.swissadme.ch/, to determine the relationship between plant compounds and body proteins, http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/ and prediction of cellular mechanisms seen through https://string-db.org. Based on in silico analysis by utilizing some of the above software, it can be seen that the rhizome of the Alpinia galangal plant has 80 active compounds, 47 have high bioavailability and 9 compounds with tight cell proteins. Based on in silico exploration, it is also known that A. galangal has potential as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and various other pharmacological activities
Incorporação nominal e aspecto lexical em Tenetehára (Tupí-Guaraní)
Authors: Castro Ricardo Campos
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar o mecanismo de Incorporação Nominal na língua Tenetehára e sua relação com as classes aspectuais propostas por Vendler (1967). Nessa língua, o mecanismo de Incorporação Nominal se realiza por meio de dois diferentes contextos morfossintáticos: (i) incorporação total do objeto ao vo e (ii) incorporação do núcleo do sintagma genitivo ao vo. Na incorporação total, quando o objeto direto se incorpora ao predicado verbal, é gerado um predicado que se comporta como um verbo intransitivo. Todavia, nas construções de alçamento do possuidor, apenas parte do sintagma genitivo, a saber seu núcleo, pode se incorporar ao núcleo do vP. O resultado desse processo não altera a estrutura transitiva inicial. Assim, nas construções de alçamento do possuidor não ocorre diminuição de valência, apesar de haver Incorporação Nominal. Ademais, em relação ao plano semântico das construções de alçamento de objeto, o que tenho observado é que os falantes dessa língua costumam apontar duas interpretações distintas, uma para a versão sem Incorporação Nominal outra para a versão com Incorporação Nominal. Assim, no presente artigo, pretendo responder qual organização constante se pode depreender do paradigma de interpretação apresentado. A hipótese que defenderei é que as nuances de sentido entre estes dados têm a ver com a noção de aspecto verbal e as definições de accomplishment e achievement delineadas por Vendler (1967). Neste sentido, minha hipótese é de que as construções sem Incorporação Nominal podem se conformar à classe semântica de predicados verbais de accomplishment, ao passo que as versões com Incorporação Nominal em contextos de alçamento de objeto abrangem obrigatoriamente os predicados de achievement.
Myiasis Diagnosis and Treatment in Goat
Authors: Fahma Niswah Nurul , Suhiryanto Suhiryanto , Soedarmanto Indarjulianto , Yanuartono Yanuartono , Nururrozi Alfarisa , Purnamaningsih Hary , Raharjo Slamet
Published: November 2020

Background: Myiasis is a disease caused by an infestation of fly larvae (Chrysomya bezziana) in living tissue. Myiasis cases are common in Indonesia because of the tropical climate. Purpose: This case report is intended to provide information on handling myiasis in goats. Case Analysis: A 2-year-old female goat weighing 30 kg was reported by the farmer because there was a wound in the leg. The goat was examined physically and hematologically. On physical examination, there was a limp on the left front leg caused by an injury with the larvae. Haematological examination results showed leukocytosis with leukocyte count of 13.26 x 103 cells/μL, monocytosis with monocyte counts of 0.63 x 103 cells/μL and anemia with erythrocyte counts of 2.93 x 106 cells/μL. The goat was diagnosed with myiasis and treated by eliminating fly larvae, irrigating the injured part by procaine penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin, spraying the wound using 1% dichlofenthion and intramuscular injection of 20 mg/kg body weight long-acting oxytetracycline and 1 mg/kg body weight diphenhydramine HCl. Conclusion: Three days after treatment, the wound condition has improved.
The Effect of Providing Fermented Milk on The Performance of Gallus domesticus
Authors: Hidayat Dalila Fadhila , Widodo Agus , Diyantoro Diyantoro , Yuliani M. Gandul Atik
Published: November 2020

Backgrounds: Broiler chickens are high productivity livestock. To achieve this productivity, many farmers provide feed additives. Fermented milk is one of the feed additives given through drinking water. Providing feed additives, regularly, will affect the performance of these broilers. Purpose: To investigate the potential of providing fermented milk through drinking water on the performance of broiler chickens. Method: Direct observations and perform calculations on several aspects that support the research. Result: After making observations, it was known that there are differences in the starter phase and the finisher phase. The observation was carried out from the age of 0-27 days. Broiler performance determined by the parameters of feed consumption, chicken body weight, and feed conversion. Conclusion: The observation shows an increase in feed consumption. However, in feed conversion and body weight gain instability is caused by physical conditions, temperature, and palatability in each phase of the broiler chickens.
FTIR and Chemometrics Application on Determination of Total Flavonoid Content of Pasak Bumi Root Extract (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.)
Authors: Triyasmono Liling , Ulfah Ana , Rizki Muhammad Ikhwan , Anwar Khoerul , Wianto Totok , Santoso Heri Budi
Published: November 2020

The combination of FTIR and chemometrics is an alternative method on determination of total flavonoid content of pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) root extract. This study aims to determine the method of FTIR and chemometrics can be used for determination of total flavonoid content and determine the total flavonoid content of E. longifolia root extract using FTIR and chemometrics. The samples from three growing area were determined their flavonoid content by colorimetric method and measured their absorbance by FTIR spectrophotometer. The analysis was done by PCA chemometrics to grouping IR spectra based on growing area and PLSR to determine prediction model of total flavonoid content of E. longifolia root extract. The best grouping and prediction model is shown by IR spectra in the range of wavenumbers 1800-1540 cm-1 with  total variation is 99%  and prediction model with equation y = 0.995x + 0.002 (R2 calibration = 0.995; R2 validation = 0.970; RMSEC = 0.008; RMSECV = 0.021). The total flavonoid content of E. longifolia root extract (% b/b ± SD) from Mandiangin, Condong, and Sabuai is 0.225 ± 0.009; 0.437 ± 0.007; and 0.466 ± 0.016 (R2 = 0.995 and RMSEP = 0.008). Based on this, the combination of FTIR and chemometrics can be used to predict the total flavonoid content of unknown E. longifolia root extract
Faktor Risiko Yang Berpengaruh Pada Kejadian Tuberkulosis dengan Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin
Authors: Mashidayanti Aulia , Nurlely Nurlely , Kartinah Nani
Published: November 2020

MDR-TB (Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis) adalah salah satu jenis TB yang resisten dengan OAT (Obat Anti Tuberculosis) dengan resisten terhadap 2 obat anti tuberculosis yang paling ampuh yaitu rifampisin dan isoniazid. Obat rifampisin dan isoniazid sudah tidak efektif dalam membunuh kuman mycobacterium tuberkulosis dikarenakan kuman yang sudah resisten terhadap obat tersebut. MDR-TB merupakan suatu permasalahan yang menjadi hambatan utama dunia dalam pemberantasan TB. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko apa saja yang dapat berpengaruh pada kejadian tuberkulosis dengan multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin dengan variabel yang ditinjau adalah pengetahuan, motivasi dan keteraturan minum obat. Metode penelitian dengaan rancangan Cross Sectional dengan metode pengambilan dengan kuesioner. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien dengan diagnosis tuberkulosis multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) dan pasien TB Non MDR yang digunakan sebagai pembanding yang dipilih secara acak. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang terbukti berpengaruh pada kejadian TB-MDR adalah keteraturan minum obat (p-value< 0,05). Oleh karena itu, untuk mengurangi potensi bertambahnya penderita TB-MDR, maka perlu diperhatikan lagi keteraturan minum obat penderita, memastikan agar penderita benar-benar rutin dan teratur dalam minum obat.  MDR-TB (Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis) is one of tuberculosis characterized by resistant to anti-TB drug (Anti Tuberculosis Drug). An MDR-TB event is a resistance event to 2 of the most effective anti-TB drugs which are rifampicin and isoniazid. Rifampicin and isoniazid are no longer effective in killing Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria due to its resistant to the drug. The purpose of this study is to identify any risk factors that can affect the incidence of tuberculosis with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. The variables in this study were knowledge, motivation and regularity of taking drugs. The research method was a cross sectional design using questionnaire to the patients. The population in this study was all patients with a diagnosis of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and non-MDR TB patients who used as a comparison which were selected randomly. The results of this study indicate that the risk factor that has been shown to influence the incidence of MDR-TB was the regularity of taking medication (p-value <0.05). Therefore, to reduce the potential of MDR-TB sufferers to increase, it is necessary to pay attention to taking drug regularity of patient, ensuring that the patient is really routine and taking medication regularly.Keywords: RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin, MDR-TB (Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis), Tuberculosis
Gambaran Informasi dan Tindakan Petugas Kesehatan Terhadap Kepatuhan Berobat Pasien Tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Wilayah Kabupaten Banjar
Authors: Aprini Kesty , Nurlely Nurlely , Kartinah Nani
Published: November 2020

Petugas kesehatan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kualitas pelayanan kesehatan, termasuk pelayanan kesehatan terhadap pasien TB yang akan berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan berobat.  Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan persentase petugas kesehatan kategori baik, cukup, kurang dalam memberikan informasi dan tindakan terhadap pasien tuberkulosisdi Kabupaten Banjar. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 97 petugas kesehatan dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan kuesioner. Subjek pada penelitian ini yaitu tim program TB (Dokter, Perawat, Petugas lab) dan Apoteker/AA. Penilaian dilakukan terhadap karakteristik petugas, informasi dan tindakan yang diberikan petugas kesehatan terhadap kepatuhan berobat pasien TB yaitu dikategorikan baik, cukup dan kurang. Hasil penelitian pada karakteristik petugas kesehatan yaitu jenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 68 orang, kategori umur >30 tahun sebanyak 57 orang, pendidikan terakhir yang paling banyak yaitu D3 sebanyak 47 orang, masa jabatan sebagai petugas TB (perawat) yang paling banyak yaitu selama <5 tahun sebanyak 20 orang. Informasi yang diberikan oleh petugas kesehatan terhadap kepatuhan berobat pasien TB dalam kategori baik yaitu 61 (62,88%)  petugas kesehatan dan tindakan petugas TB sebanyak 47 (48,46%) petugas kesehatan. Oleh karena itu petugas kesehatan perlu memperhatikan lagi terkait kinerja pelayanan kesehatan agar informasi dan tindakan terhadap kepatuhan berobat pasien TB jauh lebih baik Health workers have an influence on the quality of health services, including health services for TB patients which will affect treatment compliance. The purpose of this study was to determine percentage of health workers in good, sufficient, and inadequate categories in providing information and action on tuberculosis patients in Banjar District. This research was conducted on 97 health workers with a cross sectional approach using a questionnaire. The subjects in this study were TB team programs which consist of Doctors, Nurses, Lab Officers and Pharmacists/Pharmacist assistant. An assessment was made of  staff characteristics, information and actions given by health workers to TB patient treatment was categorized as good, sufficient and lacking. Thye result of this study characteristics on health workers are female sex which were  68 people, age categories>30 years as many as 57 people, the most recent education is D3 which were 47 people, while the longest term as TB officers (nurses) was for less than 5 years which were 20 people. Information provided by health workers on TB patient compliance in the good category was 61 (62.88%) health workers and the actions of TB workers were 47 (48.46%) health workers. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the performance of health services so that information and actions on TB patient compliance more better Keywords: TB Health care workers, Tuberculosis, Information, Action
ESTIMACIÓN DEL BIOGÁS GENERADO EN SITIOS DE DISPOSICIÓN FINAL DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO
Authors: Cárdenas-Moreno Paulina R. , Piña-Guzmán Ana Belem , Robles-Martínez Fabián
Published: November 2020

En México se desconoce la información sobre el manejo de la mayoría de los sitios de disposición final (SDF), al igual que las cantidades de biogás producidas por la degradación natural de materia orgánica contenida en los residuos sólidos urbanos eliminados. El biogás está compuesto principalmente por metano y dióxido de carbono, ambos considerados gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). Existen varios modelos para el cálculo de emisiones de GEI provenientes de SDF, entre los que encuentran el Modelo Mexicano de Biogás 2.0 (MMB) y el modelo del Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estimar la cantidad de biogás generada en SDF del estado de México (EM) utilizando ambos modelos, con el objetivo de proyectar la generación para un periodo de 50 años desde la apertura de los sitios. Con este fin se identificaron 30 SDF del EM en un radio de 50 km desde el centro de la ciudad de México y se recabó información mediante visitas y entrevistas para alimentar la hoja de cálculo de los modelos. Se calculó la generación anual de biogás para 15 rellenos sanitarios, seis sitios controlados y nueve sitios no controlados (clasificados de acuerdo con la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-083-SEMARNAT-2003). Se estimó una generación de biogás para los sitios de estudio de 198 kt de CH4 para 2017, 193 kt para 2020, 85 kt para 2030 y 12 kt de CH4 para 2050 con el MMB. Los resultados se utilizaron para evaluar su posible impacto en el ambiente de la Ciudad de México y municipios contiguos.
Mechanical Damage Assessment for Pneumatic Control Valve Based on Statistical Reliability Model
Authors: Mathur Nirbhay , Asirvadam Vijanth Sagayan , Abt Aziz Azrina
Published: November 2020

Reliability assessment is an important component and tool used for process plants since the facility consists of many loops and instruments attached and operates based on each other availability, thus it requires a statistical method to visualize the reliability. The paper focuses on reliability assessment and prediction based on available statistical models such as normal, log-normal, exponential, and Weibull distribution. This paper also visualizes, which model fits best for assessment and prediction and also considers failure modes caused during a simulation mode process control operation. A simulation model is designed in this paper to observe the failure of the control valve causing stiction to visualize the failure modes and predict the best-fit model for reliability assessment.
COVID-Well: Evaluation of the Implementation of Supported Wellbeing Centres for Hospital Employees During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Blake Holly , Yildirim Mehmet , Wood Ben , Knowles Steph , Mancini Helen , Coyne Emma , Cooper Joanne
Published: November 2020

Supported Wellbeing Centres have been set up in UK hospital trusts in effort to mitigate the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers, although the extent to which these are utilised and the barriers and facilitators to access are not known. The aim of the study was to determine facility usage and gather insight into employee wellbeing and the views of employees towards this provision. The study included i) 17-week service use monitoring, ii) employee online survey with measures of wellbeing, job stressfulness, presenteeism, turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and work engagement as well as barriers and facilitators to accessing the Wellbeing Centres. Over 17 weeks, 14,934 facility visits were recorded across two sites (peak attendance in single week n= 2,605). Facilities were highly valued, but the service model was resource intensive with 134 wellbeing buddies supporting the centres in pairs. 819 hospital employees completed an online survey (88% female; 37.7% working in COVID-19 high risk areas; 52.4% frontline workers; 55.2% had accessed a wellbeing centre). There was moderate-to-high job stress (62.9%), low wellbeing (26.1%), presenteeism (68%) and intentions to leave (31.6%). Wellbeing was higher in those that accessed a wellbeing centre. Work engagement and job satisfaction were high. Healthcare organisations are urged to mobilise access to high-quality rest spaces and Psychological First Aid, but this should be localised and diversified. Strategies to address presenteeism and staff retention should be prioritised, and high dedication of healthcare workers should be recognised.
Correlation between Microstructure and Chemical Composition of Zinc Oxide Gas Sensor Layers and Their Gas-Sensitive Properties in Chlorine Atmosphere
Authors: Fiedot-Toboła Marta , Suchorska-Woźniak Patrycja , Startek Kamila , Rac-Rumijowska Olga , Kwoka Monika , Szukiewicz Rafał , Teterycz Helena
Published: November 2020

In the article we present the results concerning the impact of structural and chemical properties of zinc oxide in various morphological forms, on its gas-sensitive properties tested in an atmosphere containing a very aggressive gas such as chlorine. Two types of ZnO sensor layers obtained by two different technological methods were used. Their morphology, crystal structure, specific surface area, porosity, surface chemistry and structural defects were characterized, and then compared with gas-sensitive properties in a chlorine-containing atmosphere. To achieve this goal scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) methods were used. The sensing properties of obtained active layers were tested by temperature stimulated conductance method (TSC). We have noticed that their response in chlorine atmosphere is not determined by the size of the specific surface or porosity. The obtained results showed that the structural defects of ZnO crystals play the most important role in chlorine detection. We demonstrated that the Cl2 adsorption is a concurrent process to oxygen adsorption. Both of them occur on the same active species (oxygen vacancies). They concentration is higher on the side planes of the zinc oxide crystal than the others. Thanks to the conducted studies authors demonstrated that to develop a new gas sensor devices not only changing of active layer chemical composition but also controlling its crystal structure and morphology could be used.
Imidocarb Dipropionate Lacks Efficacy Against Theileria haneyi and Fails to Consistently Clear Theileria equi in Horses Co-infected with T. haneyi
Authors: Sears Kelly , Knowles Donald , Dinkel Kelcey , Mshelia W Philip , Onzere Cynthia , Silva Marta , Fry Lindsay
Published: November 2020

Control of Theileria equi, the primary cause of equine theileriosis, is largely reliant on acaracide use and chemosterilization with imidocarb dipropionate (ID). However, it is currently unknown if ID is effective against Theileria haneyi, the recently identified second causative agent of equine theileriosis, or if the drug maintains effectiveness against T. equi in the presence of T. haneyi co-infection. The purpose of this study was address these questions using ID treatment of the following three groups of horses: 1. Five T. haneyi infected horses; 2. Three T. haneyi-T. equi infected horses; and 3. Three T. equi-T. haneyi infected horses. Clearance was first evaluated using nPCR for each Theileria sp. on peripheral blood samples. ID failed to clear T. haneyi in all three groups of horses, and failed to clear T. equi in 2/3 horses in group two. For definitive confirmation of infection status, horses in groups two and three underwent splenectomy post-treatment. The T. equi-nPCR-positive horses in group two developed severe clinical signs and were euthanized. Remaining horses exhibited moderate signs consistent with T. haneyi. Our results demonstrate that ID therapy lacks efficacy against T. haneyi, and T. haneyi-T. equi co-infection may interfere with ID clearance of T. equi.
Bacteria, Lipopolysaccharides, Amyloid and the Role of Iron Dysregulation in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Vuuren Marthinus Janse van , Nell Theodore Albertus , Carr Jonathan Ambrose , Kell Douglas B , Pretorius Etheresia
Published: November 2020

Neuronal lesions in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are commonly associated with α-synuclein (α-Syn)-induced cell damage that are present both in the central and peripheral nervous systems of patients, with the enteric nervous system also being especially vulnerable. Here we bring together evidence that the development and presence of PD depends on specific sets of interlinking factors that include neuro-inflammation, systemic inflammation, α-Syn-induced cell damage, vascular dysfunction, iron dysregulation, gut and periodontal dysbiosis. We argue that there is significant evidence that bacterial inflammagens fuel this systemic inflammation, and might be central to the development of PD. We also discuss the processes whereby lipopolysaccharides may be involved in causing nucleation of proteins, including of α-Syn. Lastly, we review evidence that pre-and probiotics, as well as antibiotics and faecal transplant treatment might be valuable treatments in PD. A most important consideration, however, is that these therapeutic options need to be validated and tested in randomized controlled clinical trials. However, targeting underlying mechanisms of PD, including gut dysbiosis and iron toxicity, have potentially opened up possibilities of a wide variety of novel treatments which may relieve the characteristic non-motor deficits of PD, and may even slow the progression and/or accompanying gut-related conditions of the disease.
Genetic Music: When Genes Code for Melodies Instead of Proteins
Authors: Consortium Marga , Gutierrez Blanca A. , Lucas del-Amo Iván Aitor , Alejos Bermudez Beatriz , Gonzalez Moran Cristina , Noval Gutierrez Veronica , Sanchez Borja
Published: November 2020

In the present work we present a methodology for teaching the basis of the genetic code through music composition, with the aim to combine science and arts learning. The project was carried out by 155 students, the so-called MARGA Consortium, with ages comprised between 10 and 17 years from different public schools located in the Principality of Asturias, Spain. The different groups generated 8 different music works using a short genetic sequence obtained from the human notch1 gene, receptor of mutations leading to chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Recent Progress in Applications of Enzymatic Bioelectrocatalysis
Authors: Adachi Taiki , Kitazumi Yuki , Shirai Osamu , Kano Kenji
Published: November 2020

Bioelectrocatalysis has become one of important research fields in electrochemistry and provided a firm base for an important technology for application to various bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors, biofuel cells, and biosupercapacitors. The understanding and technology in bioelectrocatalysis have been greatly improved by introducing nanostructured electrode materials and protein-engineering methods over the last few decades. Recently, the electro-enzymatic production of renewable energy resources and useful organic compounds (bioelectrosynthesis) also attracts worldwide attention. In this review, we summarize recent progress in applications of enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis.
The AC2 Protein of a Bipartite Geminivirus Stimulates the Transcription of the BV1 Gene Through Abscisic Acid Responsive Promoter Elements
Authors: Sun Rong , Han Junping , Zheng Limin , Qu Feng
Published: November 2020

Geminiviruses possess single-stranded, circular DNA genomes, and control the transcription of their late genes, including BV1 of many bipartite begomoviruses, through transcriptional activation by the early expressing AC2 protein. DNA binding by AC2 is not sequence-specific, hence the specificity of AC2 activation is thought to be conferred by plant transcription factors (TFs) recruited by AC2 in infected cells. However, the exact TFs AC2 recruits are not known for most viruses. Here we report a systematic examination of the BV1 promoter (PBV1) of mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) for conserved promoter motifs. We found that MYMV PBV1 contains three abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive elements (ABREs) within its first 70 nucleotides. Deleting these ABREs, or mutating them all via site-directed mutagenesis, abolished the capacity of PBV1 to respond to AC2-mediated transcriptional activation. Furthermore, ABRE and other related ABA-responsive elements were prevalent in more than a dozen Old World begomoviruses we inspected. Together these findings suggest that ABA-responsive TFs may be recruited by AC2 to BV1 promoters of these viruses to confer specificity to AC2 activation. These observations are expected to guide the search for the actual TF(s), furthering our understanding of the mechanism of AC2 action.
Inhibition of Pneumolysin Cytotoxicity by Hydrolyzable Tannins
Authors: Maatsola Santeri , Kurkinen Sami , Engström Marica T. , Nyholm Thomas K.M. , Pentikäinen Olli , Salminen Juha-Pekka , Haataja Sauli
Published: November 2020

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes invasive infections such as otitis media, pneumonia and meningitis. It produces pneumolysin (Ply) toxin, which forms a pore to host cell membrane and has multiple functions in S. pneumoniae pathogenesis. The Ply C-terminal domain 4 mediates binding to membrane cholesterol and induces the formation of pores composed of up to 40 Ply monomers. Ply has a key role in the establishment of nasal colonization, pneumococcal transmission from host to host and pathogenicity. Altogether, 27 hydrolyzable tannins were tested for Ply inhibition in hemolysis assay and tannin-protein precipitation assay. Pentagalloylglucose (PGG) and gemin A showed nanomolar inhibitory activity. Ply oligomerization on the erythrocyte surface was inhibited with PGG. PGG also inhibited Ply cytotoxicity to A549 human lung epithelial cells. Molecular modelling of Ply interaction with PGG suggested that it binds to the pocket formed by domains 2, 3 and 4. In this study, we reveal the structural features of hydrolyzable tannins that are required for interaction with Ply. Monomeric hydrolysable tannins containing a sufficient number of polyvalent and flexible galloyl groups have highest inhibitory power to Ply cytotoxicity, and are followed by oligomers. Of the oligomers, macrocyclic and C-glycosidic structures were weaker in their inhibition than the glucopyranose-based oligomers. Accordingly, PGG-type monomers and certain oligomers might have therapeutic value in the targeting of S. pneumoniae infections.
Математическая модель спутника с произвольным числом нежестких элементов
Authors: Овчинников Михаил Юрьевич , Ovchinnikov Mikhail Yur'evich , Ткачев Степан Сергеевич , Tkachev Stepan Sergeevich , Шестопeров Алексей Игоревич , Shestoperov Aleksei Igorevich
Published: November 2020

Разработана, реализована и верифицирована математическая модель космического
аппарата (КА) с произвольным числом крупногабаритных нежестких элементов
его конструкции (КНЭК). Полученная на основе общих уравнений динамики модель КА записана в обобщенных координатах. Она допускает три типа сочленения
КНЭК с корпусом КА: консольное, с помощью одностепенного и двухстепенного
шарниров. Благодаря использованной в работе процедуре вывода уравнений движения, предложенная модель позволяет изменять число КНЭК и типы сочленений,
не переписывая заново уравнения движения в символьной форме, что делает ее
комфортной для программной реализации.
Численное моделирование на адаптивных сетках свободного движения системы тел в сверхзвуковом потоке газа
Authors: Афендиков Андрей Леонидович , Afendikov Andrei Leonidovich , Никитин Вячеслав Сергеевич , Nikitin Vyacheslav Sergeevich
Published: November 2020

Рассматривается задача о сверхзвуковом обтекании системы тел, свободно перемещающихся в потоке газа. Математическая модель состоит из уравнений Эйлера для
области, заполненной газом, дополненных уравнениями Ньютона для описания движения твердых тел под действием давления. Вычислительный алгоритм использует
локально адаптивные декартовые сетки, адаптация в которых основана на вейвлетном анализе. Взаимодействие газа и твердых тел моделируется при помощи метода
свободной границы. Возможности программно реализованного кода продемонстрированы на задаче о подъеме пылинки под действием ударной волны и о моделировании движения системы тел в двумерном сверхзвуковом потоке невязкого газа.
Получены количественные и качественные результаты о скорости пылинки и о эволюции начальных конфигураций тел, уточняющие известные результаты.
Моделирование механизмов разрушения поверхностного слоя метеороида под воздействием термического фактора
Authors: Андрущенко Виктор Анатольевич , Andrushchenko Victor Anatol'evich , Головешкин Василий Адамович , Goloveshkin Vasiliy Adamovich , Сызранова Нина Геннадьевна , Syzranova Nina Gennad'evna
Published: November 2020

На основе уравнений классической линейной теории упругости поставлена и аналитически решена модельная задача о напряженно-деформированном состоянии
упругого цилиндра, имитирующего падающее в атмосфере метеорное тело, с нагретым из-за тепловых нагрузок тонким приповерхностным слоем. Именно в рамках линейной постановки задачи удалось выделить и отдельно исследовать на этот
процесс влияние неоднородного температурного поля. Рассчитаны максимальные
сдвиговые напряжения для двух случаев нагрева этого слоя, соответствующих быстровращающемуся цилиндру и движущемуся без вращения, превышающие критическую величину прочности его материала. За последнее десятилетие астрономами
было выявлено несколько десятков малых тел Солнечной системы декаметровых
размеров, обладающих достаточно высокими начальными периодами вращения еще
в космическом пространстве. Выявлены особенности механизмов формирования
поверхностного рельефа выпадающих метеороидов различных типов для этих случаев. Так, быстро быстровращающиеся метеороиды, подверженные эффекту шелушения - сбрасывания тонкого нагретого внешнего слоя, выпадали в виде метеоритов с гладкой поверхностной структурой. Для падающих же поступательно - метеориты имели скульптурный рельеф поверхности, покрытый регмаглиптами, порожденными вихрями Гeртлера.
Об использовании искусственной вязкости в рeберно-ориентированных схемах на неструктурированных сетках
Authors: Бахвалов Павел Алексеевич , Bakhvalov Pavel Alekseevich , Козубская Татьяна Константиновна , Kozubskaya Tatiana Konstantinovna
Published: November 2020

При решении многомерных задач газовой динамики конечно-объeмные схемы, использующие полные (т.е. основанные на трeхволновой конфигурации) решатели
задачи Римана страдают от ударно-волновой неустойчивости. Она может проявляться в виде осцилляций на ударных волнах, не подавляемых ограничителями наклонов, или приводить к качественно неверному решению (карбункул-эффект).
Для борьбы с неустойчивостью можно вблизи ударной волны переключаться на
неполные решатели, основанные на двухволновой конфигурации, или вводить искусственную вязкость. В статье проводится сравнение этих двух подходов на неструктурированных сетках применительно к схеме EBR-WENO для аппроксимации конвективных членов и классическому методу Галeркина для аппроксимации
диффузионных членов. Показывается, что метод введения искусственной вязкости
обычно позволяет точнее воспроизвести картину течения за фронтом ударной волны. Однако на трeхмерной неструктурированной сетке он вызывает провалы перед
фронтом, глубина которых зависит от качества сетки, что может приводить к аварийной остановке расчeта. Переключение на неполный решатель в этом случае даeт удовлетворительные результаты при значительно меньшей чувствительности к
качеству сетки.
Ensino de História, direitos humanos e narrativas: potencialidades da pesquisa-formação
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Felipe , Venera Raquel ALS
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo revisitar as trajetórias da educação em e para os Direitos Humanos no Brasil e discutir uma possibilidade prática de formação de professores de história em e para os Direitos Humanos a partir da ferramenta de pesquisa-formação denominada ateliê (auto)biográfico. O ateliê é parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado em andamento e os atores da pesquisa são professores de História em formação e bolsistas do PIBID. Iniciamos refletindo sobre os caminhos que a educação em e para os Direitos Humanos tem trilhado nas últimas décadas no Brasil e como estas trajetórias implicam no ensino de história. Em seguida apresentamos e discutimos o ateliê para defender a ideia de que ele tem a capacidade de promover reflexões e práticas relacionadas aos Direitos Humanos e contribuir com a formação para a docência no ensino de história.
WITHDRAWN: Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Elgazzar Ahmed , Hany Basma , Youssef Shaimaa Abo , Hafez Mohy , Moussa Hany , eltaweel Abdelaziz
Published: November 2020

Background: Up-to-date, there is no recognized effective treatment or vaccine for the treatment of COVID-19 that emphasize urgency around distinctive effective therapies. This study aims to evaluate the anti-parasitic medication efficacy "Ivermectin" plus standard care ((Azithromycin, vitamin C, Zinc, Lactoferrin & Acetylcystein & prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation if D-dimer > 1000)) in the treatment of mild/moderate and severely ill cases with COVID 19 infection, as well as prophylaxis of health care and/ or household contacts in comparison to the Hydroxychloroquine plus standard treatment.Subject and methods: 600 subjects; 400 symptomatic confirmed COVID-19 patients and 200 health care and household contacts distributed over 6 groups; Group I: 100 patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 infection received a 4-days course of Ivermectin plus standard of care; Group II: 100 patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 infection received hydroxychloroquine plus standard of care; Group III: 100 patients with severe COVID-19 infection received Ivermectin plus standard of care; Group IV: 100 patients with Severe COVID-19 infection received hydroxychloroquine plus standard of care. Routine laboratory investigations and RT-PCR, were reported before and after initiation of treatment. Group V stick to PPE plus Ivermectin 400mcg / kg on empty stomach to be repeated after one week, and group VI stick to PPE only (personal protective equipment) .Both groups V&VI were followed for two weeks ..Results: Patients received ivermectin reported substantial recovery of laboratory investigations; and significant reduction in RT-PCR conversion days. A substantial improvement and reduction in mortality rate in Ivermectin treated groups; group I (mild/moderate cases), (99%, and 0.0%, respectively) and group III (severe cases), (94%, and 2.0% respectively) versus hydroxychloroquine plus standard care treated groups; group II (mild/moderate cases), (74% and 4%, respectively) and group IV (severe cases) (50% and 20%, respectively). Ivermectin had significantly reduced the incidence of infection in health care and household contacts up to 2% compared to 10% in non ivermectin group when used as a prophylaxis.Conclusion: Addition of Ivermectin to standard care is very effective drug for treatment of COVID-19 patients with significant reduction in mortality compared to Hydroxychloroquine plus standard treatment only. Early use of Ivermectin is very useful for controlling COVID 19 infections; prophylaxis and improving cytokines storm
A Pig White Matter Atlas and Common Connectivity Space Provide a Roadmap for the Introduction of a New Animal Model in Translational Neuroscience
Authors: Benn R. Austin , Mars Rogier , Xu Ting , Rodríguez-Esparragoza Luis , Montesinos Paula , Manzano-Patron J.P , Lopez-Martin Gonzalo , Fuster Valentin , Sánchez-González Javier , Duff Eugene , Ibanez Borja
Published: November 2020

The characterization and definition of homology in the cerebral cortex needed for a species to be adopted as a translational model in neuroscience is a unique challenge given the diverse array of cortical morphology present in the mammalian lineage. Using the domestic pig as an example, we provide a roadmap of how leveraging Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brain and data-driven tractography can overcome these obstacles and facilitate cortical alignment between distantly related species. In doing so, we created a full platform of neuroimaging tools to be used in the pig, including volumetric and surface templates, a structural white matter atlas, and the establishment of a common connectivity space to facilitate pig-human cortical alignment. Releasing our data and code and our pig-human cortical alignment, we permit researchers already working with the pig to accentuate the clinical relevance and translational capacity of their work. By sharing the intermediate outputs and scripts used to construct our pig-human cortical alignment, we also provide a roadmap to expand the current repertoire of animal models used in neuroscience.