bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It’s very difficult to set the boundaries, it’s human nature to want to respond: exploring health professions educators’ responses to student mental health difficulties through a positioning theory lens
Authors: Marais Debra L
Published: June 2023

By virtue of their teaching role and contact with students, health professions (HP) educators are often the first point of connection for students who are experiencing mental health difficulties. Educators are increasingly expected to include some form of pastoral care in their role. Mental health-related interactions with students may have a negative emotional impact on educators, particularly when roles and expectations are not clearly defined and where boundaries are not managed effectively. Using positioning theory as a lens, this study explored how educators experienced such interactions and how this manifested in positions, storylines, and speech acts. Interviews were conducted with 27 HP educators at a faculty of medicine and health sciences. Reflexive thematic analysis using inductive coding identified themes corresponding to the nearing, weighted, ambivalent, and distancing positions participants adopted in relation to students with mental health difficulties. There was fluidity in and between positions, and more than one position could be occupied simultaneously; participants each moved through different positions in response to different relational situations. Multiple storylines informed these positions, representing how moral- and care-informed responsibility intersected with responsiveness to make certain actions possible or impossible. Normative and personal value narratives were evident in storylines, in many cases underscored by care or justice ethics. The value of positioning theory in facilitating reflective faculty development initiatives for educators engaged in these interactions is discussed.
Minimizing the makespan for the two-machine flow shop scheduling problem with random breakdown
Authors: Hnaien Faicel , Arbaoui Taha
Published: June 2023

This paper studies a two-machine flow shop scheduling problem with availability constraints due to a breakdown on the first machine. The starting time of the breakdown is considered stochastic and follows a known probability distribution. A service-level constraint is introduced to model the guarantee with which the obtained schedule takes into account the stochastic nature of the breakdown’s starting time. The objective is to find a solution that minimizes the makespan while satisfying the desired service level. The studied problem is strongly NP-hard. We develop two mixed integer linear models that linearize the non-linear model. Using interval modeling of the breakdown, we propose lower bounds and a valid inequality that are used to strengthen both models. When the lower bounds and the valid inequality are applied, the performance of both models is greatly improved by reducing the gap and reaching optimality for more instances. We also introduced two heuristics that exploit the proposed interval modeling. The computational results indicate that both models are able to reach optimality for the 10-job instances. Moreover, the comparisons results between both models with the two heuristics showed their effectiveness.
On directionally differentiable multiobjective programming problems with vanishing constraints
Authors: Antczak Tadeusz
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a class of directionally differentiable multiobjective programming problems with inequality, equality and vanishing constraints is considered. Under both the Abadie constraint qualification and the modified Abadie constraint qualification, the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker type necessary optimality conditions are established for such nondifferentiable vector optimization problems by using the nonlinear version Gordan theorem of the alternative for convex functions. Further, the sufficient optimality conditions for such directionally differentiable multiobjective programming problems with vanishing constraints are proved under convexity hypotheses. Furthermore, vector Wolfe dual problem is defined for the considered directionally differentiable multiobjective programming problem vanishing constraints and several duality theorems are established also under appropriate convexity hypotheses.
Geochemical composition and potential health risks of geophagic materials: an example from a rural area in the Limpopo Province of South Africa
Authors: Mouri Hassina , Malepe Retshepile Evelyn , Candeias Carla
Published: June 2023

Geophagy is a common practice among rural population of the Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality area in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Although, the practice might be beneficial to the health of the consumers, its negative effects could overshadow the positive effects and might lead to detrimental health issues. The present work sought to investigate the geochemical composition as well as pH and organic matter (OM) content of geophagic materials commonly consumed in the study area. Furthermore, assessment of the potential health risk of the materials on geophagic individuals was also considered. Twelve samples were collected in the study area and analysed by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for major and trace elements composition. The results showed higher concentrations of non-essential elements (e.g., As, Cr, Pb) than the proposed recommended daily standards intake, suggesting a potential health risk. The alkaline nature (pH 6.80 to 9.22) of the studied samples might affect the bioacessibility of some essential elements. Furthermore, the OM content (> 0.7%) observed in some of the studied samples may retain pathogenic micro-organisms detrimental to health. Although As and Cr presented a low bioaccessible fraction (< 16.0%), health risk assessment revealed that their concentrations represented a hazard (HQ > 1) and might induce non-carcinogenic health threats to geophagic individuals. Based on the geochemical analysis, pH and OM content as well as health risk assessment findings, the studied geophagic materials are not considered suitable for human consumption. The practice should therefore be discouraged amongst the population in the study area to avoid possible detrimental health issues.
Engaging publics in the transition to smart mobilities
Authors: Lampkin Sal R. , Barr Stewart , Williamson Daniel B. , Dawkins Laura C.
Published: June 2023

Commercial and public sector interests surrounding technological developments are promoting a widespread transition to autonomous vehicles, intelligent transportation systems and smart phone communications in everyday life, as part of the smart mobility agenda. There is, however, inadequate understanding about the impact of such a shift on potential users, their readiness to engage and their vision of transportation systems for the future. This paper presents the findings from a series of citizen panels, as part of a 2-year project based in south-west England, focusing on in-depth discussions regarding the future of commuting, the flow of the daily commute and the inclusion of publics in smart mobility planning. The paper makes three key propositions for researchers: enabling publics should lead to a visionary evolution in the development of sustainable transportation systems; commercial interests, public bodies and IT innovators must employ a holistic approach to mobility flows; and, processes engaging publics need to be inclusive when co-creating solutions in the transition to smart mobilities.
Racial and Ethnic Inequities in the Return-to-Work of Workers Experiencing Injury or Illness: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jetha Arif , Navaratnerajah Lahmea , Shahidi Faraz Vahid , Carnide Nancy , Biswas Aviroop , Yanar Basak , Siddiqi Arjumand
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Non-White workers face more frequent, severe, and disabling occupational and non-occupational injuries and illnesses when compared to White workers. It is unclear whether the return-to-work (RTW) process following injury or illness differs according to race or ethnicity.

Objective

To determine racial and ethnic differences in the RTW process of workers with an occupational or non-occupational injury or illness.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted. Eight academic databases - Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, ASSIA, ABI Inform, and Econ lit - were searched. Titles/abstracts and full texts of articles were reviewed for eligibility; relevant articles were appraised for methodological quality. A best evidence synthesis was applied to determine key findings and generate recommendations based on an assessment of the quality, quantity, and consistency of evidence.

Results

15,289 articles were identified from which 19 studies met eligibility criteria and were appraised as medium-to-high methodological quality. Fifteen studies focused on workers with a non-occupational injury or illness and only four focused on workers with an occupational injury or illness. There was strong evidence indicating that non-White and racial/ethnic minority workers were less likely to RTW following a non-occupational injury or illness when compared to White or racial/ethnic majority workers.

Conclusions

Policy and programmatic attention should be directed towards addressing racism and discrimination faced by non-White and racial/ethnic minority workers in the RTW process. Our research also underscores the importance of enhancing the measurement and examination of race and ethnicity in the field of work disability management.
Does being angry feel authentic? a test of how affective valence and motivational direction differentially influence state authenticity
Authors: Chen Kaiyuan , Zhang Hong , Schlegel Rebecca J.
Published: June 2023

Past research suggests positive affective states promote state authenticity. However, in those studies, positive affective states are confounded with approach motivation, leaving some ambiguity in what is driving such effects. To address this limitation, we studied the effect of anger—a negative affective state related to approach motivation—on state authenticity. In two experiments (totalN = 824), we experimentally induced different affective states (via movie-clips in Study 1 and autobiographical recall in Study 2) and had participants report state authenticity thereafter. We compared the anger condition to an amusement condition (Study 1), a fear condition (Studies 1 and 2) and a disgust condition (Study 2). We also measured affective valence and approach states in Study 2 to test for mediation. The results revealed that anger reduced authenticity relative to amusement but did not differ from fear or disgust. Moreover, an indirect effect of affective valence (but not approach states, Study 2) emerged: anger made people feel less pleasant, which explained their lower state authenticity. These findings suggest that affective valence is more important to state authenticity than approach/avoidance motivation.
Resource allocation functionality with cluster aggregation (RAFCA) for secure HST video transmission
Authors: Yaacoub Elias
Published: June 2023

This paper presents an approach for resource allocation functionality with cluster aggregation (RAFCA) for securely transmitting surveillance videos in high-speed trains (HSTs). Each train wagon is assumed to be equipped with a surveillance camera, along with a mobile relay (MR) that communicates with the cellular base station (BS) on one hand and with the indoor devices inside the train on the other. The RAFCA approach is based on a permutation process of the video frames across multiple MRs, such that parts of the video captured by the camera of a given wagon are transmitted by the MRs of all other wagons. The probability of detection by an eavesdropper is calculated in this paper and shown to be negligible, which leads to the preservation of the privacy of the passengers. Moreover, the proposed approach is shown to have no or little impact on the quality of experience (QoE) of the transmitted videos, thus preventing quality degradation.
Health-Related Quality of Life, Success Probability and Students’ Dropout Intentions: Evidence from a German Longitudinal Study
Authors: Baalmann Tim
Published: June 2023

One in three students suffers from at least one common mental disorder highlighting the high prevalence of health issues in higher education. At the same time, every third student drops out of university without achieving their degrees. Nevertheless, connections between health and students’ dropout behavior have hardly been investigated. Grounding on value-expectation theory, this article argues that the students’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) alters the impact of their self-assessed success probability in graduating on their dropout intentions. To examine the research question, data from the LAST project, which surveyed a German undergraduate student population over a period of four semesters (N = 7,169), were used applying fixed effects regressions, and interaction effects. Analyses uncover that the students’ mental health status is in fact linked to their intentions to drop out of university. Furthermore, an interaction effect of mental HRQoL and success probability could be confirmed. The findings suggest that universities should adopt better health promotion policies that bring together both individual health needs and higher education’s interest in successful graduates.
Neutrophil-activating Peptide 2 as a Novel Modulator of Fibrin Clot Properties in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ząbczyk Michał , Natorska Joanna , Matusik Paweł T. , Mołek Patrycja , Wojciechowska Wiktoria , Rajzer Marek , Rajtar-Salwa Renata , Tokarek Tomasz , Lenart-Migdalska Aleksandra , Olszowska Maria , Undas Anetta
Published: June 2023

Neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2, CXCL7), a platelet-derived neutrophil chemoattractant, is involved in inflammation. We investigated associations between NAP-2 levels, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, and fibrin clot properties in atrial fibrillation (AF). We recruited 237 consecutive patients with AF (mean age, 68 ± 11 years; median CHA2DS2VASc score of 3 [2–4]) and 30 apparently healthy controls. Plasma NAP-2 concentrations were measured, along with plasma fibrin clot permeability (Ks) and clot lysis time (CLT), thrombin generation, citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), as a marker of NETs formation, and 3-nitrotyrosine reflecting oxidative stress. NAP-2 levels were 89% higher in AF patients than in controls (626 [448–796] vs. 331 [226–430] ng/ml; p < 0.0001). NAP-2 levels were not associated with demographics, CHA2DS2-VASc score, or the AF manifestation. Patients with NAP-2 in the top quartile (> 796 ng/ml) were characterized by higher neutrophil count (+ 31.7%), fibrinogen (+ 20.8%), citH3 (+ 86%), and 3-nitrotyrosine (+ 111%) levels, along with 20.2% reduced Ksand 8.4% prolonged CLT as compared to the remaining subjects (all p < 0.05). NAP-2 levels were positively associated with fibrinogen in AF patients (r = 0.41, p = 0.0006) and controls (r = 0.65, p < 0.01), along with citH3 (r = 0.36, p < 0.0001) and 3-nitrotyrosine (r = 0.51, p < 0.0001) in the former group. After adjustment for fibrinogen, higher citH3 (per 1 ng/ml β = -0.046, 95% CI -0.029; -0.064) and NAP-2 (per 100 ng/ml β = -0.21, 95% CI -0.14; -0.28) levels were independently associated with reduced Ks. Elevated NAP-2, associated with increased oxidative stress, has been identified as a novel modulator of prothrombotic plasma fibrin clot properties in patients with AF.
Integrating WQI and GIS to assess water quality in Shatt Al-Hillah River, Iraq using physicochemical and heavy metal elements
Authors: Chabuk Ali , Jahad Udai A. , Majdi Ali , Majdi Hasan SH. , Hadi Aya Alaa , Hadi Hassan , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Isam Mubeen
Published: June 2023

This study assessed the quality of water in the Shatt Al-Hillah River by adopting some variables of physical, chemical, and heavy metal elements. The samples have been taken at six sites along the river in 2020 (from January to December). The water quality index has been determined by using the weighted-arithmetic method which is including a series of equations. Also, the model of Inverse-Distance-Weighting in the Geographic information system was applied to create a map of the water quality in the study area. Eleven physicochemical variables and five elements of heavy metals were comprised of calcium, magnesium, dissolved oxygen, Hydrogen Ions, chloride, sulfate, total hardness, total dissolved solids, turbidity, alkalinity, electric conductivity, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, and zinc. The results showed the values of the water quality index ranged from 245 to 253 (with a category of 200–300). The water quality index was rated as very poor for the selected locations along the Shatt Al-Hillah River. The GIS result illustrated the distributing map of water quality for the Shatt Al-Hillah River for household uses. The combination of the water quality index calculations with GIS in the current study might be used as a guide for future studies.
Assessment of sub-200-nm nanobubbles with ultra-high stability in water
Authors: Cho Chan-Hyun , Shin Hye-Ji , Singh Baljinder , Kim Kibeom , Park Myoung-Hwan
Published: June 2023

Bubble technology has proven to be an efficient technique of reducing environmental pollution, strengthening water treatment procedures, and increasing production in industrial and agricultural applications. Compared to large bubbles such as macro- or micro-bubbles, nanobubbles (NBs) in liquids have several intriguing properties, including low buoyancy, high mass transfer efficiency, and high reactivity. In particular, NBs smaller than 200 nm are unexpectedly stable. However, determining the underlying mechanism of the stability of NBs in a solution is difficult. Most studies only focus on the temporal changes in the size and surface charge of NBs; the changes in the concentration of NBs are typically ignored. In this study, we investigate the number and stability of high-concentration NBs under various conditions. The results show that the number and concentration of NBs can be maintained at approximately 80–90% under various conditions, such as aging, temperature, centrifugation, shaking, and stirring. In other words, NBs possess significant potential for use in mass production and distribution in bubble technologies.
Approximate functional differencing
Authors: Dhaene Geert , Weidner Martin
Published: June 2023

Inference on common parameters in panel data models with individual-specific fixed effects is a classic example of Neyman and Scott’s (Econometrica 36:1–32, 1948) incidental parameter problem (IPP). One solution to this IPP is functional differencing (Bonhomme in Econometrica 80(4):1337–1385, 2012), which works when the number of time periodsTis fixed (and may be small), but this solution is not applicable to all panel data models of interest. Another solution, which applies to a larger class of models, is “large-T” bias correction [pioneered by Hahn and Kuersteiner (Econometrica 70(4):1639–1657, 2002) and Hahn and Newey (Econometrica 72(4):1295–1319, 2004)], but this is only guaranteed to work well whenTis sufficiently large. This paper provides a unified approach that connects these two seemingly disparate solutions to the IPP. In doing so, we provide an approximate version of functional differencing, that is, an approximate solution to the IPP that is applicable to a large class of panel data models even whenTis relatively small.
Biological activities and ecological aspects of Limonium pruinosum (L.) collected from Wadi Hof Eastern Desert, Egypt, as a promising attempt for potential medical applications
Authors: Sultan Mahmoud H. , Bedair Ramadan , Ragab Osama G. , Abd-ELShafy Eman , Mahfouz Amira Y. , Daigham Ghadir E.
Published: June 2023

Very few researchers have focused on the biological efficacy of Limonium plants. In this concern, no investigations were commenced to delve into the in vitro and ex vivo biological actions of Limonium pruinosum in Egypt. Therefore, this work aims to assess for the first time the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities of Limonium pruinosum extract in addition to studying its ability to suppress the transcription of cell cycle–stimulating genes. L. pruinosum ethyl acetate extract exhibits considerable antibacterial and antibiofilm activity versus E. coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Results revealed that L. pruinosum exerts antioxidant effectiveness concerning DPPH, nitric oxide (NO), and hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenging ability with an IC50 (35.88 ± 2.2, 51.31 ± 1.06, and 65.87 ± 1.19 μg/mL) respectively. The results proved the effectiveness of L. pruinosum in closing wounds in gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) by (79.9343 ± 1.98%) compared with control (68.3637 ± 2.32%) in 48 h. Additionally, L. pruinosum had anticancer activity contrary to breast cancer MCF-7 and liver cancer HepG-2 cell lines with IC50 values of 96.73 ± 2.18 and 81.81 ± 0.99 μg/mL, respectively, while it had no cytotoxic activity against (Wi-38) normal cells. Also, L. pruinosum extract provoked considerable early- and late-apoptotic cell populations and was effective in inducing cell death of MCF-7. Our findings evoked that L. pruinosum has promising antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound healing activities and a good breast tumor suppressor arresting the cell cycle-stimulating genes, which may be an auspicious approach for the treatment of breast cancer.
The relationship between neuron-specific enolase, high sensitivity C reactive protein, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective nested case–control analysis
Authors: Xie Jianjun , Du Ruiqin , Li Quanmin , Li Lin
Published: June 2023

Background

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) involves a very complex pathogenesis, and there is no neuro-specific marker for risk prediction. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a key enzyme in glycolysis, has a broad spectrum neurotrophic and neuroprotective effect on neurons, and also cause injury and inflammatory response of peripheral nerves. The relationship between neuron-specific enolase, highly sensitive c-reactive protein (hsCRP), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether elevated serum NSE and hsCRP levels increased the risk of DPN in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and methods

In this prospective nested case–control study, a total of 1072 eligible subjects with type 2 diabetes constituted the follow-up cohort. Demographic data and parameters including serum NSE and hsCRP were collected at baseline. Two neuropathy screening scales (MNSI and MDNS) were used to assess DPN during follow-up period. Nerve conduction studies were performed at the end of follow-up. Conditional logistic regression was used to inspect the risk factors of the incidence of DPN.

Results

During an average follow-up period of 5.1 years, 176 subjects developed DPN. Serum NSE and hsCRP levels at baseline were significantly higher in DPN group than in matched non-DPN groups (p < 0.001). NSE was positively correlated with age and hsCRP (p < 0.001). The amplitude of sensory nerve action potential and compound muscle action potential of the lower extremity nerves were significantly decreased in the high tertile of NSE. After adjustment for matching and confusing factor, conditional logistic regression showed the risk of DPN in the high tertile of NSE level was still 3.176 times higher than that in the low tertile of NSE level (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Elevated serum NSE levels predicted the high incidence of DPN in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes for an average of 5.1 years, which may be associated with increased neuroinflammatory response caused by high NSE levels, but further studies are needed.
Fatigue performance of ultra-high-strength steel laser cut notches under variable amplitude loading
Authors: Lipiäinen Kalle , Ahola Antti , Björk Timo
Published: June 2023

Experimental fatigue tests with variable amplitude (VA) load were conducted for notched uncoated and hot-dip galvanized (HDG) notched laser cut components made of S960 ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS). Tests were conducted with low (constant minimum) and high (constant maximum) mean stresses and major differences between fatigue lives with the tests on identical equivalent stress were found. A multiparametric 4R method application, in conjunction with the theory of critical distances (TCD) to obtain fatigue-effective stresses at notch, was utilized on the mean stress correction and fatigue strength assessment. The introduced 4R method was proven to be highly efficient to consider different mean stress levels based on the experimental results and different loading and specimen types could be evaluated with single FAT class.
Changes in Antioxidant Metabolism and Plant Growth of Wild Rocket Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC cv Dallas Leaves as Affected by Different Nutrient Supply Levels and Growing Systems
Authors: Villani Alessandra , Loi Martina , Serio Francesco , Montesano Francesco Fabiano , D’Imperio Massimiliano , De Leonardis Silvana , Mulè Giuseppina , Paciolla Costantino
Published: June 2023

It has been widely assessed that the quality and quantity of nutrient supply and the growing system can strongly affect the growth and development of plants, the nutritional quality, and the levels of minerals, phytochemicals, and vitamins. The study was conducted on leaves of wild rockets grown in soil and soilless to examine the effect of growing conditions and mineral fertilization doses on the quality, mineral content, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and oxidative stress. The experiment was conducted in a plastic greenhouse into two independent sectors, one for soil-bound cultivation and another equipped for soilless cultivation. The crop was subjected to a high compared to a low-input fertilization program. Ion exchange chromatography, spectrophotometrically, and microbiological techniques were utilized. The soil-bound treatments increased the fresh weight, leaves number, chloride content, and microbial load. Exogenous application of higher nitrogen levels significantly boosted the ascorbate and hydrogen peroxide levels. Wild rocket growth in soilless showed a higher content of sulphates and polyphenols, and enhanced activity of the antioxidant enzymes dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase. The fertilization rate and the cultivation system did not modify the content of nitrates, except in the soilless system treated with high fertilization program, where nitrate levels slightly exceeded regulatory limits. The yield and overall quality of wild rockets can be improved by combining the proper fertilizer dose with the growth system (soilless or soil) and suggested fertilization management is provided.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Spanish Provinces
Authors: Barceló Maria A. , Saez Marc
Published: June 2023

Background

Although many studies have assessed the socioeconomic inequalities caused by COVID-19 in several health outcomes, there are numerous issues that have been poorly addressed. For instance, have socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from COVID-19 increased? What impact has the pandemic had on inequalities in specific causes of mortality other than COVID-19? Are the inequalities in COVID-19 mortality different from other causes? In this paper we have attempted to answer these questions for the case of Spain.

Methods

We used a mixed longitudinal ecological design in which we observed mortality from 2005 to 2020 in the 54 provinces into which Spain is divided. We considered mortality from all causes, not excluding, and excluding mortality from COVID-19; and cause-specific mortality. We were interested in analysing the trend of the outcome variables according to inequality, controlling for both observed and unobserved confounders.

Results

Our main finding was that the increased risk of dying in 2020 was greater in the Spanish provinces with greater inequality. In addition, we have found that: (i) the pandemic has exacerbated socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, (ii) COVID-19 has led to gender differences in the variations in risk of dying (higher in the case of women) and (iii) only in cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer did the increased risk of dying differ between the most and least unequal provinces. The increase in the risk of dying was different by gender (greater in women) for cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

Conclusion

Our results can be used to help health authorities know where and in which population groups future pandemics will have the greatest impact and, therefore, be able to take appropriate measures to prevent such effects.
The Calabi Problem for Fano Threefolds
Authors: Araujo Carolina , Castravet Ana-Maria , Cheltsov Ivan , Fujita Kento , Kaloghiros Anne-Sophie , Martinez-Garcia Jesus , Shramov Constantin , Süß Hendrik , Viswanathan Nivedita
Published: June 2023

Algebraic varieties are shapes defined by polynomial equations. Smooth Fano threefolds are a fundamental subclass that can be thought of as higher-dimensional generalizations of ordinary spheres. They belong to 105 irreducible deformation families. This book determines whether the general element of each family admits a Kähler–Einstein metric (and for many families, for all elements), addressing a question going back to Calabi 70 years ago. The book's solution exploits the relation between these metrics and the algebraic notion of K-stability. Moreover, the book presents many different techniques to prove the existence of a Kähler–Einstein metric, containing many additional relevant results such as the classification of all Kähler–Einstein smooth Fano threefolds with infinite automorphism groups and computations of delta-invariants of all smooth del Pezzo surfaces. This book will be essential reading for researchers and graduate students working on algebraic geometry and complex geometry.
Liberationist Christianity in Argentina (1930-1983)
Authors: Bradbury Pablo
Published: June 2023

How did liberationist Christianity develop in Argentina between the 1930s and early 1970s? How did it respond to state terrorism during the Dirty War? This book answers these questions.
One Too Many: Hermeneutical Excess as Hermeneutical Injustice
Authors: Dular Nicole
Published: June 2023

Hermeneutical injustice, as a species of epistemic injustice, is when members of marginalized groups are unable to make their experiences communicatively intelligible due to a deficiency in collective hermeneutical resources, where this deficiency is traditionally interpreted as a lack of concepts. Against this understanding, this article argues that even if adequate concepts that describe marginalized groups’ experiences are available within the collective hermeneutical resources, hermeneutical injustice can persist. This article offers an analysis of how this can happen by introducing the notion of hermeneutical excess: the introduction of additional concepts into collective hermeneutical resources that function to obscure agents’ understanding of the lived experiences of marginalized groups. The injustice of hermeneutical excesses happens not due to hermeneutical marginalization (the exclusion of members of marginalized groups from the construction of hermeneutical resources), but rather from hermeneutical domination: when members of dominant groups have been inappropriately included in the construction of hermeneutical resources. By taking as exemplary cases the concepts of “reverse racism” and “nonconsensual sex,” this article shows how such excesses are introduced as a kind of defensive strategy used by dominant ideologies precisely when progress with social justice is made.
The characteristics of helically deflected wind turbine wakes
Authors: Korb H. , Asmuth H. , Ivanell S.
Published: June 2023

The helix approach is a new individual pitch control method to mitigate wake effects of wind turbines. Its name is derived from the helical shape of the wake caused by a rotating radial force exerted by the turbine. While its potential to increase power production has been shown in previous studies, the physics of the helical wake are not well understood to date. Open questions include whether the increased momentum in the wake stems from an enhanced wake mixing or from the wake deflection. Furthermore, its application to a row of more than two turbines has not been examined before. We study this approach in depth from both an analytical and numerical perspective. We examine large-eddy simulations (LES) of the wake of a single turbine and find that the helix approach exhibits both higher entrainment and notable deflection. As for the application to a row of turbines, we show that the phase difference between two helical wakes is independent of ambient turbulence. Examination of LES of a row of three turbines shows that power gains greatly depend on the phase difference between the helices. We find a maximum increase in the total power of approximately 10 % at a phase difference of

$270^\circ$

. However, we do not optimise the phase difference any further. In summary, we provide a set of analytical tools for the examination of helical wakes, show why the helix approach is able to increase power production, and provide a method to extend it to a wind farm.
ON GROUPS WITH DEFINABLE F-GENERICS DEFINABLE IN P-ADICALLY CLOSED FIELDS
Authors: PILLAY ANAND , YAO NINGYUAN
Published: June 2023

The aim of this paper is to develop the theory of groups definable in the p-adic field
${{\mathbb {Q}}_p}$
, with “definable f-generics” in the sense of an ambient saturated elementary extension of
${{\mathbb {Q}}_p}$
. We call such groups definable f-generic groups.

So, by a “definable f-generic” or
$dfg$
group we mean a definable group in a saturated model with a global f-generic type which is definable over a small model. In the present context the group is definable over
${{\mathbb {Q}}_p}$
, and the small model will be
${{\mathbb {Q}}_p}$
itself. The notion of a
$\mathrm {dfg}$
group is dual, or rather opposite to that of an
$\operatorname {\mathrm {fsg}}$
group (group with “finitely satisfiable generics”) and is a useful tool to describe the analogue of torsion-free o-minimal groups in the p-adic context.

In the current paper our group will be definable over
${{\mathbb {Q}}_p}$
in an ambient saturated elementary extension
$\mathbb {K}$
of
${{\mathbb {Q}}_p}$
, so as to make sense of the notions of f-generic type, etc. In this paper we will show that every definable f-generic group definable in
${{\mathbb {Q}}_p}$
is virtually isomorphic to a finite index subgroup of a trigonalizable algebraic group over
${{\mathbb {Q}}_p}$
. This is analogous to the o-minimal context, where every connected torsion-free group definable in
$\mathbb {R}$
is isomorphic to a trigonalizable algebraic group [5, Lemma 3.4]. We will also show that every open definable f-generic subgroup of a definable f-generic group has finite index, and every f-generic type of a definable f-generic group is almost periodic, which gives a positive answer to the problem raised in [28] of whether f-generic types coincide with almost periodic types in the p-adic case.
Should Constitutional Rights Reflect Popular Opinion? InterpretingDobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
Authors: Ziegler Mary
Published: June 2023

In June 2022, the Supreme Court handed down a decision,Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, which dismantled a fundamental right to choose abortion. A line of Supreme Court decisions dating back to the 1920s recognized unenumerated liberties related to parenting, marriage, and contraception tied to the constitutional right to privacy. Almost half a century ago, inRoe v. Wade, the Supreme Court declared that this constitutional right to privacy was broad enough to encompass the right to terminate a pregnancy. TheDobbsdecision reversedRoeand disparaged the right to abortion in the strongest terms: the decision recognizing it was “egregiously wrong” and “on a collision course with the Constitution.”
CLIMATE POLICIES AND BUSINESS CYCLES: THE EFFECTS OF A DYNAMIC CAP
Authors: Eydam Ulrich
Published: June 2023

Emissions are directly linked to economic output and consequently subject to business cycle fluctuations. The present study analyses the interactions between climate policies and business cycles through the lens of a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. We compare a static cap-and-trade policy with a dynamically adjusting policy in terms of macroeconomic stabilisation, welfare and emissions price dynamics. The results of the quantitative evaluation suggest that a constant policy leads to lower aggregate volatility but is associated with larger welfare costs. In contrast, under the dynamic policy emissions prices and labour markets display less variations.
Comparison of hydrocarbon and geothermal energy production in the Netherlands: reservoir characteristics, pressure and temperature changes, and implications for fault reactivation
Authors: Buijze Loes , Veldkamp Hans , Wassing Brecht
Published: June 2023

The Netherlands is in the midst of an energy transition with hydrocarbon production gradually declining, whereas the role of sustainable energy technologies is on the rise. One of these technologies is geothermal energy production from porous reservoirs at 1.5–3 km depth. As the number of geothermal projects increases, there is a growing concern that felt and/or damaging induced seismic events could occur as a result of geothermal operations. Over the last two decades, such events have occurred in the Netherlands due to gas production, notably in the Groningen gas field. However, the occurrence of felt events is limited to hydrocarbon fields in certain regions or reservoirs. Understanding where and for which plays these events are observed helps to estimate seismogenic potential for geothermal operations and other sustainable subsurface activities. Here, we summarise and review the main similarities and differences in terms of geological and geomechanical characteristics between the hydrocarbon and geothermal plays in the Netherlands, and we consider the differences in pressure and temperature changes. By doing so, we provide better insights into the factors that could play a role for fault reactivation and induced seismicity, and how these differ for hydrocarbon production and geothermal operations in the Netherlands. The review shows that geological characteristics for most geothermal target reservoirs are similar to those of hydrocarbon, albeit geothermal projects so far target higher porosity rocks than hydrocarbon reservoirs. On the other hand, pressure and temperature changes are very different, with significant depletion for hydrocarbon fields vs significant cooling around geothermal injection wells. The different operations result not only in different expected stress change magnitudes but also in a distinct spatio-temporal stress build-up on faults, which has implications for seismogenic potential and monitoring of these different operations.
Less Annotating, More Classifying: Addressing the Data Scarcity Issue of Supervised Machine Learning with Deep Transfer Learning and BERT-NLI
Authors: Laurer Moritz , van Atteveldt Wouter , Casas Andreu , Welbers Kasper
Published: June 2023

Supervised machine learning is an increasingly popular tool for analyzing large political text corpora. The main disadvantage of supervised machine learning is the need for thousands of manually annotated training data points. This issue is particularly important in the social sciences where most new research questions require new training data for a new task tailored to the specific research question. This paper analyses how deep transfer learning can help address this challenge by accumulating “prior knowledge” in language models. Models like BERT can learn statistical language patterns through pre-training (“language knowledge”), and reliance on task-specific data can be reduced by training on universal tasks like natural language inference (NLI; “task knowledge”). We demonstrate the benefits of transfer learning on a wide range of eight tasks. Across these eight tasks, our BERT-NLI model fine-tuned on 100 to 2,500 texts performs on average 10.7 to 18.3 percentage points better than classical models without transfer learning. Our study indicates that BERT-NLI fine-tuned on 500 texts achieves similar performance as classical models trained on around 5,000 texts. Moreover, we show that transfer learning works particularly well on imbalanced data. We conclude by discussing limitations of transfer learning and by outlining new opportunities for political science research.
Materialising Descent: Lineage Formation and Transformation in Early Neolithic Southern Britain
Authors: CUMMINGS VICKI , FOWLER CHRIS
Published: June 2023

This paper builds on the recent aDNA results from Hazleton North chambered tomb to explore how people might have repeatedly negotiated kinship, descent, and affinity in Early Neolithic southern Britain. Hazleton North was constructed around 3700 cal bc, was in use for less than a century, and – unlike many other Cotswold-Severn tombs – was never modified to alter the arrangement of chambers. The aDNA analysis from 35 individuals whose remains were deposited at the site revealed that 27 were biologically related and represented five sequential generations. Here we explore changing practices across those generations. We argue that Hazleton North was constructed to demonstrate the vitality of a lineage at a specific moment in time while choices about who to entomb indicate an inclusive expansion of the lineage in the first two generations which is not evident during the remaining generations. We argue that by the third generation lineage members increasingly chose to dispose of the remains of their dead elsewhere. Hazleton North was built in a landscape rich in earlier tombs, many of which were modified to produce long cairns with multiple chambers: some of those formed opposed pairs similar to the chambered areas at Hazleton North. We argue this was part of a growing trend in ‘kinship work’ which accentuated lineal descent and sub-lineage distinctions in the centuries around 3700 cal bc. However, deposition at Hazleton North was short-lived. This can be set in the local context of not only the construction and use of further chambered tombs but also increasing investment in larger corporate projects like causewayed enclosures. These enclosures formed new arenas where negotiations of descent and community were played out with increased intensity and in different ways to activities at chambered tombs. Overall, we argue that kinship, affiliation, and belonging were repeatedly renegotiated among the monument building communities of Early Neolithic southern Britain.
Global Slavery in the Making of States and International Orders
Authors: SHARMAN J.C. , ZARAKOL AYŞE
Published: June 2023

Despite having key implications for fundamental political science questions, slavery as a global phenomenon has received little attention in the field. We argue that slavery played an important role in state-building and international order formation. To counter a historical U.S./Atlantic bias, we draw evidence mostly from the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. We identify two slave-based paths to state construction. A “slaves as the state” logic saw slave soldiers and administrators used to overcome the constraints of indirect rule in centralizing power. In a “slaves under the state” model the economy was based on slave production, itself underpinned by institutionalized state coercion. Norms often prohibited enslavement within communities, thus externalizing demand. This led to militarized slaving, and fostered increasingly long-distance trade in slaves. The combination of these normative, military, and commercial factors formed international slaving orders.
Expert opinion on a consensus-based checklist for the critical appraisal of cost-of-illness (COI) studies: qualitative interviews
Authors: Schnitzler Lena , Paulus Aggie T.G. , Evers Silvia M.A.A. , Roberts Tracy E. , Jackson Louise J.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This study explored experts’ views on the development of a proposed checklist for cost-of-illness (COI) studies. It also investigated experts’ perspectives on the use of COI studies and quality/critical appraisal tools used for COI studies as well as their experiences with the use of these tools.

Methods

Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with health economists and other experts working with COI studies and with experience of developing health economic guidelines or checklists. Participants were selected purposively using network and snowball sampling. A framework approach was applied for the thematic data analysis. Findings were reported narratively.

Results

Twenty-one experts from eleven different countries were interviewed. COI studies were found to be relevant to estimate the overall burden of a disease, to draw attention to disease areas, to understand different cost components, to explain cost variability, to inform decision making, and to provide input for full economic evaluations. Experts reported a lack of a standardized critical appraisal tool for COI studies. Their experience related predominantly to guidelines and checklists designed for full economic evaluations to review and assess COI studies. The following themes emerged when discussing the checklist: (i) the need for a critical appraisal tool, (ii) format and practicality, (iii) assessing the questions, (iv) addressing subjectivity, and (v) guidance requirements.

Conclusions

The interviews provided relevant input for the development of a checklist for COI studies that could be used as a minimum standard and for international application. The interviews confirmed the important need for a checklist for the critical appraisal of COI studies.
Divergent litterfall nutrient responses to rainfall seasonality revealed through long-term observations in a tropical dry forest
Authors: Jaramillo Víctor J. , Murray-Tortarolo Guillermo , Martínez-Yrízar Angelina , Maass Manuel , Sarukhán José , Nava-Mendoza Maribel , Ahedo-Hernández Raúl , Araiza Salvador
Published: June 2023

Long-term climate and vegetation data were used to determine the role of rainfall variability and its seasonal distribution on litterfall nutrients. Based on a 20-year data set on rainfall (range 334–1,506 mm per year) and litterfall nutrients from old-growth tropical dry forest (TDF) in Mexico, we examined litterfall N and P concentrations from the rainy and dry seasons in response to rainfall in the rainy (June–October) and the dry (November–May) seasons, the latter referred to as out-of-season precipitation (OSP). Rainy-season litterfall N concentrations, but not P concentrations nor N:P ratios, changed positively (p < 0.001) in response to rainy-season precipitation. Dry-season litterfall N concentrations and N:P ratios, but not litterfall P, increased (p ≤ 0.02) in response to rainfall from the preceding rainy season. N:P ratios of dry-season litterfall in years with OSP were higher only during dry years and N concentrations decreased in wet years (p < 0.05). The narrow range in dry-season litterfall P concentrations (1.00–1.15 mg g-1), irrespective of rainfall amount and OSP, suggests P conservation. The variation in litterfall N, but not litterfall P, in response to rainfall variability reveals a divergent nutrient response along steep changes in water availability in this TDF.