bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wastewater discharge points adversely affecting the environment (2011-2012)
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: July 2018

This layer presents wastewater discharge points where comprehensive studies indicate whether or not the discharge adversely affects the environment. In 2012, 6.1% of discharge points had been studied, out of which 1.3% were affecting the environment. Such information was provided by Member States to the Commission.

Those data were collected from the reporting of European Union Member States, as part of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD) implementation. The Directive concerns the collection, treatment and discharge of urban waste water and the treatment and discharge of waste water from certain industrial sectors. Its objective is to protect the environment from the adverse effects of the above mentioned waste water discharges.

For more information, visit the UWWTD waterbase website: www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/waterbase-uwwtd-urban-waste-water-treatment-directive-4#tab-european-data

Biodiversity
Pollution
Quality
Risk
Waste
Percentage of the population connected to a wastewater treatment plan (2008-2012)
Authors: Archambault Gabin
Published: July 2018

This layer represents the percentage of the population who is connected to a wastewater treatment plan for 36 countries (29 in Europe and North America, 3 in Asia and the Pacific, 3 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 1 in Africa). However, data are available from 1975 to 2014 for 37 countries.

This indicator presents sewage treatment connection rates, i.e. the percentage of the population connected to a wastewater treatment plant. “Connected” means actually connected to a wastewater treatment plant through a public sewage network. It does not take into account independent private facilities, used where public systems are not economic.

For more information, visit the OECD database: https://data.oecd.org/water/waste-water-treatment.htm

Waste
Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to the lack of access to handwashing facility in 2015 for 5 to 14 year-old females
Authors: Guefradj Najet
Published: July 2018

This layer represents the percentage of Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to the lack of access to handwashing facility for in 2015, for 5 to 14 year-old females.

One DALY can be thought of as one lost year of "healthy" life. The sum of DALYs across a population help to quantify the burden of disease, and to evaluate the gap between current health status and an ideal health situation.

Estimates and additional related resources can be found in the Global Burden of Study here: http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2015 For more information, visit the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation website: http://www.healthdata.org/gbd

Gender
Health
Youth
Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and handwashing in 2015 for 15-49 year-old females
Authors: Guefradj Najet
Published: July 2018

This layer represents the percentage of total Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and handwashing for 15-49 year-old females in 2015.

One DALY can be thought of as one lost year of "healthy" life. The sum of DALYs across a population help to quantify the burden of disease, and to evaluate the gap between current health status and an ideal health situation.

Estimates and additional related resources can be found in the Global Burden of Study here: http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2015 For more information, visit the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation website: http://www.healthdata.org/gbd

Gender
Health
Youth
CONTINUOUS DEPENDENCE ON THE INITIAL DATA OF THE SOLUTIONS OF STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN MOTIONS
Authors: Kachan I. V.
Published: July 2018

In the present acticle we consider finite-dimensional stochastic differential equations with fractional Brownian motions having different Hurst indices larger than 1/3 and a drift. These heterogeneous components of the equations are combined into a single process. The solutions of the equations are understood in the integral sense, and the integrals in turn are Gubinelli’s rough path integrals [1] realizing the well-known approach of the rough paths theory [2]. The existence and uniqueness conditions of the solutions of these stochastic differential equations are specified. Such conditions are sufficient to obtain the results related the continuous dependence on the initial data. In this article, we have first proved a continuous dependence on the initial conditions and the right-hand sides of the solutions of the stochastic differential equations under consideration for almost all their trajectories. The result obtained does not depend on the probabilistic properties of fractional Brownian motions, and therefore it can be easily generalized to the case of arbitrary Holder-continuous processes with an exponent greater than 1/3. In this case, the constant arising in the estimates appears to be exponentially dependent on the norms of fractional Brownian motions. Taking into account the last fact and the proved result, an expected logarithmic continuous dependence on the initial conditions and the right-hand sides of the solutions of the stochastic differential equations con - si dered is subsequently derived. This is the major result of this article.
SYNTHESIS AND X-RAY INVESTIGATION OF Cu2CdSn(SxSe1–x)4 SOLID SOLUTIONS
Authors: Sheleg A. U. , Gremenok V. F. , Sereda A. S. , Hurtavy V. G. , Chumak V. A. , Tsyrelchuk I. N.
Published: July 2018

The quaternary semiconductors Cu2CdSnS4, Cu2CdSnSe4 and Cu2CdSn(SxSe1–x)4 solid solutions were synthesized by the one-temperature method from the elementary components. The X-ray diffraction method showed that the obtained polycrystalline samples are single-phased. The unit cell parameters of the synthesized compounds and Cu2CdSn(SxSe1–x)4 solid solutions were determined from diffraction spectra by the full-profile analysis using the Rietveld method with the Fullprof software package. It has been established that with an increase in sulfur concentration, the unit cell parameters decrease smoothly linearly in accordance with the Vegard rule, which indicates the formation of a continuous series of solid solutions in the Cu2CdSn(SxSe1–x)4 system within the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. The parameter of crystal lattice tetragonal distortions h of the investigated compounds is calculated. The h values are close to 1 for all the compositions studied, which indicates a small crystal lattice distortion of the obtained samples.
INVESTIGATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIAL POWDERS AND MATERIALS PRODUCED BY MEANS OF SELECTIVE LASER MELTING
Authors: Ilyuschanka A. Ph.
Published: July 2018

The article presents the results of characterization of special powders of metal alloys and materials produced from these powders by selective laser melting (SLM), including comparative analysis of powders produced using VIGA technology. It is noted the importance of a complex study that includes not only a statistical evaluation of particle size distribution of the powders (preferably, by the method of laser diffraction), but also image analysis providing information on the particles’ shape influencing the powders’ flowability. It is shown that the size distribution and shape metrics for nickel refractory alloys and stainless steel powders obtained at the Powder Metallurgy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus are at the level of the best foreign analogues. The influence of powder chemical composition on the mechanical properties of SLM samples is considered. The presence of oxygen and undesirable impurities, as a rule, decreases the strength and tensile strain. It is noted that SLM provides extremely wide opportunities for the formation of complex geometric structures with close to full density. Subsequent thermal or thermal and mechanical processing allows reduction of stresses arising during the SLM, densification of products (if necessary) and regulation of their structure and properties. The prospects of applying the backscattered electron diffraction (EBSD) for analysis of the material structure evolution during SLM and subsequent processing are shown. It is noted that products obtained by the SLM from the powders of special alloys exhibit mechanical properties at a level, and in some cases even exceeding the properties of these alloys produced by traditional and other additive technologies.
METAL PARTS MANUFACTURING BY ELECTRON BEAM ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Zaleski V. G. , Pobol I. L. , Bakinouski A. A. , Gubko A. D.
Published: July 2018

General information about development of additive technologies, as well as an overview of the main schema- tics of layer by layer manufacturing of metal products is presented. The technologies and equipment for electron beam layerby-layer production of metal products using wire and powder as a raw material is described. Experimental data obtained by the authors as a result of electron beam additive manufacturing of low-carbon steel, stainless austenitic steel and technical titanium samples are described. Relations between the product geometry and the electron beam main parameters are obtained. The analysis of microstructures is carried out. The main zones formed in the samples fabricated by this method are described. It is shown that typical microstructure of stainless steel samples consists of the large dendrites with main axes up to a few millimeters in the direction of heat sink. In a pure titanium, in addition to the characteristic coarse-grained (up to several millimeters in diameter) structure, there are zones where a lamellar structure with colonies of about 1 mm is observed, as well as a zone in the form of a strip about 1 mm wide along the walls, which is an acicular structure. This is obviously related to the cooling mode, since the character of the heat sink along the edges of the sample differs from the central zones. The analysis of electron beam additive technologies prospects is carried out. Examples of electron beam additive technology using in modern fabrication of accelerator technics, aircraft and machine building are demonstrated.
METHODS OF STRUCTURAL AND PARAMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF COMBINED GENERATOR OF RECIPROCATING POWER PLANTS FOR ROBOTIC SYSTEMS ON THE BASIS OF A FREE PISTON ENGINE
Authors: Menzhinsky A. B. , Malashin A. N.
Published: July 2018

Power supply system of advanced robotic systems requires the development of electromechanical energy converters with high energy and minimum weight and overall dimensions. In this regard, a free piston engine with an electric generator is considered as a promising plant.

Interest in the study of power plants based on free piston engines is caused by several advantages compared to conventional internal combustion engines with a crank mechanism: relative simplicity of the design, 40 % fewer elements, which reduces the overall capacity, specific gravity and metal content of the free piston engine in 2.5–3 times. In addition, the fuel consumption is 30 % lower. Also an important design advantage of power plants based on free piston engines is a relatively simple modular construction. Reciprocating electric generators with transverse increment of the magnetic flux are the most commonly used ones in currently developed power plants based on free piston engines of foreign countries (USA, Russia, Germany, China, UK, Japan, Sweden, Israel, etc.) as the electrical AC machines. The main disadvantage of this type of generators are the absence of coordination of electrical and mechanical subsystems of the power plant at the extreme points of the operating cycle, which limits the efficiency of the free piston engine and reduces the reliability of the power plant.

To solve this problem it is proposed to use Electromechanical energy Converter with transverse and longitudinal increment of the magnetic flux (combo generator). However, currently there is no scientifically valid method of synthesis of this type of generator. To address this problem we have developed the methodology of structural and parametric synthesis of combined generator of the reciprocating type for a plant on the basis of free piston engine, which is based on the use of the specific gravity of the combined generator as the objective function. It allows synthesizing electric machine of the reciprocating type with the specified efficiency and minimum specific mass.
A Survey of High School Mathematics Teachers' Ideas for the Local Extrema
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Lee Dong Gun , Yang Seong Hyun
Published: July 2018

We investigated the recognition of 137 teachers focused on the local extrema(local maximum and local minimum) between changed concepts, when introducing mathematical concepts on the way from 2007 revised mathematics curriculum to 2009 revised mathematics curriculum. In order to investigate teachers' ideas about the concept of 'local extrema', we analyzed the introduction methods for the concepts of local extrema in the textbooks based on 2007 and 2009 revised mathematics curriculum. and based on the analysis results, we developed 6 items related to the determination of the extreme value in the constant function and the discontinuous function. As the test result of using the developed items, we confirmed that the teachers at the school site had considerable confusion about the contents of the changed curriculum. This study could be an important basic research for teachers' ideas about major changes of the 2015 revised mathematics curriculum at this moment when 2015 revised mathematics curriculum begins. We pointed out the problems of the current educational administration system in which contents of the revised curriculum are not delivered to the field teachers at the time of curriculum change and we sought to draw implications for frequent changes in the curriculum.
Zeno’s Paradox from the Paradigms of Standard Analysis and Non-standard Analysis
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Baek Seung Ju , Choi Young Gi
Published: July 2018

This study has analyzed the phenomenon that Zeno’s paradox is still not completely resolved despite the explanation of a geometric series from the perspectives of the ‘spontaneous’ meaning of ‘everyday language’ as well as ‘standard analysis and non-standard analysis’. As a result of analyzing the philosophers’s arguments, the ‘arriving moment’ on the continuum of time expressed in Zeno’s paradox contained a meaning of non-standard analysis. Kant says that time and space are human transcendental forms of intuition. In Zeno's paradox and its dissolution, time is expressed in terms of non-standard analysis, and space is expressed by the limit of a geometric series in terms of standard analysis. Since the two types of intuition of human beings are expressed in different mathematical theories, Zeno’s paradox is not completely solved by the geometric series. This study suggests that the difficulty of mathematical understanding can be attributed to the use of different mathematical structures or paradigms.
Influence of operating conditions in the hydrogen production by steam reforming of methanol: numerical approach
Authors: Pacheco Sandoval Leonardo Esteban , Díaz González Carlos Alirio , Jaimes Reatiga Luis Eduardo , Carrillo Leidy Juliana , Díaz Joven Brayan Andrés
Published: July 2018

This work describes the unidimensional study of steam reforming of methanol at short pseudo-contact time. Steam reforming process (SRP) is important to hydrogen production as energetic vector. A compressible mathematical model 1-D is developed. Peppley kinetic mechanism (1999) is adopted. The numerical predictions show up the same trend as the experimental ones. A sensitivity analysis of the significant variables of the process is carried out (pressure, CH3OH/H2O ratio and temperature).
Keywords: Methanol steam reforming; Hydrogen production; 1-D reactor model.
MOOC en apreciación musical básica: proceso de reflexión crítica sobre su creación e implementación
Authors: Escobar Domínguez Neiver Francisco , Crespo Alvarado Miguel Francisco
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo es producto de un trabajo de investigación desarrollado en el seno de la maestría en E-Learning que ofrecen la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga y la Universidad Abierta de Cataluña, cuyo producto principal fue el desarrollo de un MOOC dedicado al estudio de la apreciación musical básica, como estrategia de proyección social, y al apoyo a la presencialidad en el Conservatorio Antonio María Valencia, de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali. La reflexión aquí expuesta parte de la pregunta por la pertinencia de diseñar MOOC destinados al aprendizaje de la música, además de la necesidad de identificar algunas prácticas pedagógicas aplicables a la formación profesional en música. Como resultado del proceso reflexivo, se obtienen orientaciones generales para el diseño de cursos masivos en línea, especialmente aquellos destinados al aprendizaje teórico-conceptual de la música.
Palabras clave: MOOC; Sistematización de experiencia; Prácticas pedagógicas; Teoría musical; Educación superior.
Similitudes y diferencias entre Redes de Sensores Inalámbricas e Internet de las Cosas: Hacia una postura clarificadora
Authors: Rueda Johan Smith , Talavera Portocarrero Jesús Martín
Published: July 2018

Las redes de sensores inalámbricas (WSN) e Internet de las Cosas (IoT) son dos áreas de estudio que comparten entre sí ser una infraestructura de red autónoma, en la cual se interconectan objetos para medir variables físicas y dar solución a problemas en una variedad de escenarios de aplicación, como logística, industria, construcciones inteligentes, seguridad, agricultura, entre otros. Esta semejanza suscita una ambigüedad en el uso que la comunidad académica hace de los términos, WSN e IoT, y hace borrosa la línea de dónde pertenecen las contribuciones que se realizan en cada una de estas áreas. En consecuencia, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar la relación, similitud y diferencias entre WSN e IoT en torno a cinco temas: conceptos, requisitos generales, arquitecturas, aplicaciones y tratamiento de datos. A pesar de que WSN e IoT tienen un origen en común, sus enfoques son diferentes en varios aspectos que permiten aclarar la ambigüedad suscita entre la comunidad académica.
Palabras Clave: Aplicaciones distribuidas; Internet de las cosas; Redes de sensores inalámbricas.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI DENGAN PENDEKATAN DISCOVERY INQUIRY TERHADAP KETUNTASAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SMAN 18 SURABAYA
Authors: Sulistiono Eko , Faridah Fita
Published: July 2018

Pengalaman sain sebagai inkuiri, siswa belajar bagaimana menjadi ilmuwan. Siswa belajar lebih dari sekedar suatu body of consepts and fact, mereka belajar proses-proses yang terlibat dalam penemuan konsep-konsep dan fakta-fakta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada SMA Negeri 18 Surabaya selama tiga (4) kali pertemuan di kelas X-5 semester genap. Pertemuan pertama sampai dengan pertemuan ke tiga digunakan sebagai pembelajaran sedangkan petemuan ke empat digunakan untuk pelaksanaan ulangan harian. Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran menggunakan model discovery inquiry. Hasil rekapitulasi pengamatan terhadap keterlaksanaan pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada model pengajaran discovery inquiry menunjukkan bahwa keterlaksanaan perangkat berada dalam kategori baik, hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pembelajaran yang diberikan sesuai dengan perangkat yang dibua. Berdasarkan hasil tes yang diberikan kepada siswa diperoleh bahwa ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal dapat tercapai dengan baik meskipun terdapat beberapa siswa yang belum mencapai ketuntasan belajar.
GESTURE REPRESENTASIONAL GURU SEBAGAI KOMUNIKASI DAN STRATEGI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA SISWA TUNARUNGU SEKOLAH DASAR LUAR BIASA LAMONGAN
Authors: Elvierayani Rivatul Ridho , Susanti Ike
Published: July 2018

Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) memiliki prinsip belajar yang sedikit berbeda dengan anak umum lainnya, baik untuk memahami konsep maupun menyelesaikan masalah. Oleh karena itu peranan guru di Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa (SDLB) sangat berpengaruh besar dalam proses belajar mengajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana gesture representasional dapat menyampaikan pengetahuan matematika guru kepada siswa tunarungu di Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa lamongan. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada gerakan lengan dan tangan guru saat proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-eksploratif. Pengumpulan data penelitian dikukan dengan merekam secara audiovisual segala aktifitas guru saat proses belajar mengajar. Analisis data penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan guru menggunakan gesture representasional disertai dengan ucapan. Hal ini dilakukan guru untuk mengkomunikasikan konsep matematika kepada siswanya. Selain sebagai alat komunikasi kepada siswa, gesture digunakan sebagai cara atau strategi dalam menyampaikan konsep matematika kepada siswa. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan bantuan gesture representasional disertai dengan ucapan yang dilakukan oleh guru kepada siswa tunarungu memberikan dampak positif dalam proses pentransferan informasi matematika kepada siswa. Hal ini dikarenakan gesture representasional yang dilakukan oleh guru berpengaruh terhadap siswa dalam menyampaikan pengetahuan matematika diantaranya: (1) menjelaskan dan mengklarifikasi gagasan guru dalam proses pembelajaran (2) memusatkan perhatian siswa saat proses belajar mengajar (3) mengurangi beban berpikir siswa baik saat menyelesaikan masalah matematika maupun saat menerima konsep matematika (4) sebagai alat yang mampu memberikan scaffolding untuk mendukung perkembangan konsep matematika siswa.
KONAKLAMA İŞLETMELERİNDE KUŞAKLAR BAĞLAMINDA İŞVEREN MARKA ALGISI İLE ÇALIŞMA YAŞAM KALİTESİ İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: Dursun Mehmet Tahir , Eriş Engin Deniz
Published: July 2018

Gün geçtikçe değişen teknoloji ve yükselen yaşam
kalitesi beraberinde yeni markalar ve iş ortamları ortaya çıkarmıştır. Çağa
ayak uydurmak ve mevcut çalışanların gelecekte kaliteli bir iş ortamında çalışabilmeleri
için işverenler gelecek kuşakların olası istek ve beklentilerini
karşılayabilecek şekilde işe ilişkin unsurları (fiziksel çalışma koşulları,
ücret vb.) hazırlamaya çalışmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada, işveren marka algısının çalışma
yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisi ve bu ilişkinin kuşaklar tarafından farklı
algılanıp algılanmadığını ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma Eskişehir
ilinde hizmet veren dört ve beş yıldızlı konaklama işletme çalışanları
örnekleminde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada nicel yöntemlerden alan
araştırması kullanılmış olup veriler soru formu (anket) tekniği ile toplanmıştır.
Elde edilen veriler istatistiki programlar aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir.
Sonuçlara göre, işveren marka algısının çalışma yaşam kalitesini etkilediği ve
kuşaklara göre bu etkide bir farklılaşmanın olmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır.
Milyoner (Slumdog Millionaire) Filminin Sosyal Bilişsel Kuram Çerçevesinde Çözümlenmesi
Authors: Büdün Esra
Published: July 2018

Davranışları meydana getiren veya değiştiren dinamiklerin ne olduğuna bakıldığında,bu konuda pek çok çalışmanın varlığı dikkat çekmektedir. Radikal davranışçılıkta,insanoğlunun davranışlarının tamamen çevre tarafından belirlendiğine ve kişininkendi iradesi gibi bir yetisinin olmadığı varsayılmaktadır. Ancak Bandura’nın SosyalBilişsel Kuramı’na göre, insanların kendi yaşamlarının doğası ve niteliği üzerinde biretkide bulunma kapasiteleri vardır. Dolayısıyla insanlar sosyal sistemlerin hem üreticisihem de tüketicisi konumundadırlar. Bu kapasitenin özelliği ise, bunu insanların sahipoldukları hem içsel hem de dışsal faktörler aracılığıyla düzenleyebiliyor olmalarıdır.Nitekim insanoğlu, kendini düzenleme kapasitesine sahip eşsiz bir varlıktır. Çalışmaiçeriği de bu doğrultuda şekillendirilmiştir. Çalışmada, alanyazında sıklıkla kullanılananlatı çözümlemesi, Bandura’nın “Rastlantısal Olaylar ve Karşılaşmalar” ilkesi ileilişkilendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, Psikoloji ile Sinema disiplinleri arasında birbağlantı kurmak ve Milyoner (Slumdog Millionaire) adlı film içeriğini anlatı çözümlemesiyoluyla analiz etmektir.
Sosyal Medya Kaynaklı Krizlerin 'İmaj Restorasyon Teorisi' Açısından Örnek Olaylar Üzerinden İncelenmesi
Authors: Duğan Özlem
Published: July 2018

Sosyal medya kaynaklı krizler hedef
kitlelere kısa sürede yayılması açısından dezavantaj oluşturmaktadır. Kısa
sürede hedef kitleye açıklama yapılması zor aynı zamanda süre gerektiren bir
durumdur. Krize tepki stratejilerinin bu süreçte iyi seçilmesi, kriz ile ilgili
açıklamaların zamanında yapılması, sosyal medyada kriz ile ilgili öneri,
şikayet ve yorumların iyi analiz edilmesi gerekir.  Sosyal medya kaynaklı krizlerin önceden
öngörülmesi, kriz senaryolarının belirlenmesi, kriz planının hazırlanması, kriz
ekibinin oluşturulması zaman kaybetmeden yapılması gereken halkla ilişkiler
çalışmalarıdır. Krizi önceden sezinleyerek proaktif bir yaklaşım sergileyen
halkla ilişkiler birimlerinin başarılı olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda sosyal
medyayı iyi yöneten kurumların krizi daha kolay atlattıkları görülmektedir. Bu
çalışmada sosyal medyada meydana gelen başka bir ifadeyle sosyal medya kaynaklı
krizler imaj restorasyon teorisi çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Dünyanın çeşitli
ülkelerinde ve Türkiye'de sosyal medyada paylaşılan mesajların içerikleri
incelenmiş ve sosyal medyada paylaşılan mesajlar nedeniyle meydana gelen 19
kriz belirlenmiştir. Sosyal medya kaynaklı krizlerin seçilme nedeni, günümüzde
kurumların artık sosyal medyada paylaşılan içerikler nedeniylede  kriz ile karşı karşıya kalmalarıdır. Çalışma
sonucunda kurumların çoğunlukla özür dileme stratejisini kullanarak tepkiyi
azaltmaya çalıştıkları, krize neden olan kişiyi kurumdan uzaklaştırmak amacıyla
ilgi kesme stratejisini kullandıkları ve krize neden olan mesajı sosyal medya
hesabından silme stratejisini tercih ederek krizin etkisini azaltmaya
çalıştıkları belirlenmiştir.
Students’ science process skill and analytical thinking ability in chemistry learning
Authors: Irwanto Irwanto
Published: July 2018

Science process skill and analytical thinking ability are needed in chemistry learning in 21 century. Analytical thinking is related with science process skill which is used by students to solve complex and unstructured problems. Thus, this research aims to determine science process skill and analytical thinking ability of senior high school students in chemistry learning. The research was conducted in Tiga Maret Yogyakarta Senior High School, Indonesia, at the middle of the first semester of academic year 2015/2016 is using the survey method. The survey involved 21 grade XI students as participants. Students were given a set of test questions consists of 15 essay questions. The result indicated that the science process skill and analytical thinking ability were relatively low ie. 30.67%. Therefore, teachers need to improve the students’ cognitive and psychomotor domains effectively in learning process.
Pendidikan Konservasi Perspektif Warisan Budaya Untuk Membangun History For Life
Authors: ARISTO Jurnal , Huda Khoirul , Feriandi Yoga Ardian
Published: July 2018

This article aims to conduct studies to build character history for life in the younger generation through conservation education of cultural heritage perspective combined with the syntax of contex-learn inquiry. The method used in this article is the lybrary reserach method in which the object studied in this study comes from books, notes, journals, transcripts, research reports and other documents that can be found and related to conservative learning, character, history, etc. the techniques used to collect data with documentation, the researchers identify the discourse of books, papers or articles, magazines, journals, newspapers, web (internet), or other information related to conservative learning, character, history or directly related to the title of writing. after the data collected then the data is analyzed to obtain conclusions, forms in descriptive analysis techniques. The conclusion of this research indicates the importance to immediately apply conservation education in changing mindset and behavior in order to form character history for life especially for the young generation. Given the life of the era of globalization requires a young generation of the future that has three characteristics of knowledge or knowledge society, cultured or cultured society, and civilized or civilized society.
Do children interpret "or" conjunctively?
Authors: Skordos Dimitrios , Feiman Roman , Bale Alan , Barner David
Published: July 2018

Preschoolers often struggle to compute scalar implicatures (SI) involving disjunction (or), in which they are required to strengthen an utterance by negating stronger alternatives, e.g., to infer that, “The girl has an apple or an orange” likely means she doesn’t have both. However, recent reports surprisingly find that a substantial subset of children interpret disjunction as conjunction, concluding instead that the girl must have both fruits. According to these studies, children arrive at conjunctive readings not because they have a non-adult-like semantics, but because they lack access to the stronger scalar alternative and, and employ doubly exhaustified disjuncts when computing implicatures. Using stimuli modeled on previous studies, we test English-speaking preschoolers and replicate the finding that many children interpret or conjunctively. However, we speculate that conditions which replicate this finding may be pragmatically infelicitous, such that results do not offer a valid test of children’s semantic competence. We show that when disjunctive statements are uttered in contexts that render the speaker’s intended question more transparent, conjunctive readings disappear almost entirely.
The Cognitive and Academic Benefits of Cogmed: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Aksayli N Deniz , Sala Giovanni , Gobet Fernand
Published: July 2018

Cogmed Working Memory Training (CWMT) is a commercial cognitive-training program designed to foster working-memory capacity. Enhanced working-memory capacity is then supposed to increase one’s overall cognitive function and academic achievement. This meta-analysis investigates the effects of CWMT on cognitive and academic outcomes. The inclusion criteria were met by 50 studies (637 effect sizes).Highly consistent near-zero effects were estimated in far-transfer measures of cognitive ability (e.g., attention and intelligence) and academic achievement (language ability and mathematics). By contrast, slightly heterogeneous small to medium effects were observed in memory tasks (i.e., near transfer). Moderator analysis showed that this effect was weaker for near-transfer measures not directly related to the trained tasks. These results highlight that while near transfer occurs regularly, far transfer is rare or, possibly, nonexistent. Transfer thus appears to be a function of the degree of overlap between trained tasks and outcome tasks.
Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus Comorbidity among the Ageing Population: A Threat to the Public Health System of Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Bijay , Chalise Hom Nath , Thapa Mamta
Published: July 2018

Ageing population is attributable to the growing trend of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients are three times greater risk of developing tuberculosis. The review aims to describe the state of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus comorbidity, risk factors for the comorbidity from the perspective of the ageing in Nepal. It is a systematic narrative review of literature in Google Scholar and Pubmed. At first, title and abstract of an article was reviewed for relevance, and then full article was reviewed for validity. The secondary data was retrieved from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal and WHO, and analysed in the Ms-Excel. In Nepal, the population is ageing. The risk factors associated with diabetes are escalating. On the other hand, tuberculosis is endemic and about 45% of the Nepalese people are infected with tuberculosis bacteria. These circumstances have laid the foundation that fosters tuberculosis and diabetes co-epidemic in the future. The clinical management of patients with the comorbid condition is a difficult task because diabetes and tuberculosis interact with each other, one worsening the other. The upsurge of the co-morbidity needs the provision of more health services threatening the public health system of Nepal. It is fundamental to create a mechanism to integrate diabetes and tuberculosis program such as screening, diagnosis and management of the both diseases at the all levels of health service delivery. Furthermore, increase awareness of healthy lifestyle and the prevention of the risk factors for tuberculosis and diabetes could reduce the occurrence of the comorbidity in the future.
Work-related Injury among Welders Working in Metal Workshops of Dharan Municipality, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Anup , Budhathoki Shyam Sundar , Niraula Surya Raj , Shrestha Abha , Pokharel Paras K
Published: July 2018

Background: Injuries are a problem worldwide in all occupations. Welders are exposed to many hazards at work resulting in a variety of health problems including injuries at work. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and factors associated with injuries among welders in Dharan city of eastern Nepal.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 86 welders in Dharan city. Occurrence of injury in past 2 weeks and past 12 months were recorded. Data regarding sociodemographic along with occupational characteristics was collected using semi structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 17.Results: All the welders in this study were male with almost half of the welders under the age of 25 years and about a fifth (21.1%) of the welders having received some form of welding training. In the past 12 months, 21.1% of the welders suffered from work related injuries. More than 95% welders used at least one personal protective equipment in this study. More injuries were seen among welders with age ≥35 years, working experience ≥ 5 years, not received training and not using of PPE at work. However, these factors were not found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Work related injuries are high among welders of Dharan. Further research is required to explore the relationship between age, literacy, training and use of personal protective equipment with the occurrence of injuries among the welders.
Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Khakurel Gita , Kayastha Rajat , Chalise Sanat , Karki Prabin K
Published: July 2018

Background: Hyperlipidemia is one of the important risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease  in post menopausal women.Our study compared the serum lipid profile and atherogenic index of plasma  between premenopausal and  post menopausal women.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Kathmandu Medical College.  A total number of 194 women in the age group 30 to 60 years were studied. They include 108 postmenopausal women and 86 premenopausal controls. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol  and triglycerides  were determined. Results: The mean value of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly increased in postmenopausal women when compared to premenopausal women. There was increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol  in postmenopausal women but the difference was not significant. The atherogenic index of plasma was  increased in postmenopausal women (0.22 ± 0.25 mmol/l). This shows that postmenopausal women in our setting are at medium risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Atherogenic index of plasma was positively and significantly correlated with age (r= 0.29, p<0.05), body mass index (r=0.24, p<0.05), systolic blood pressure (r=0.20, p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.45, p<0.05).Conclusions: Postmenopausal women were at greater risk for developing cardiovascular disease when compared to premenopausal women due to increase in atherogenic lipid profile. There was a significant correlation of atherogenic index of plasma  with age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure  and diastolic blood pressure.
Managing Ureterovaginal Fistulas following Obstetric and Gynecological Surgeries
Authors: Upadhyay Amit Mani , Kunwar Ashok , Shrestha Sanjesh , Pradhan Hema Kumari , Karki Aruna , Dangal Ganesh
Published: July 2018

Background: Iatrogenic ureteric injuries leading to fistula are rare but devastating complications of obstetric and gynecological surgeries. The aim of the study was to review the demography of ureterovaginal fistula (UVF) and its surgical outcome in Kathmandu Model Hospital.Methods: This is a review of 15 patients of ureterovaginal fistula who were referred to department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Kathmandu Model Hospital from Feb 2014 to Sept 2017. We reviewed the demography, causesand surgical outcome of ureterovaginal fistula (UVF). Ten patients who had complete blind end at the distal ureter, underwent Lich-Gregoir extravesical ureteroneocystostomy. In other five patients, guide wire was successfully negotiated beyond the fistula site, however retrograde double J stenting could be done in only four patients.Results: All the patients had distal ureteric injury close to vesicoureteric junction leading to ureterovaginal fistula. Among them, majority were due to post-hysterectomy in 60% (n=9) followed by obstetrical procedures in 40% (n=6). Fourteen patients (93%) had successful closure of the fistula with complete preservation of renal function. Retrograde double J stenting was possible in patients who were referred earlier within two weeks of the onset of injury.Conclusions: Iatrogenic injury to the distal ureter during surgery was the leading cause for the ureterovaginal fistula. Endoscopic management with ureteric stents was still possible if the patients were referred earlier following primary surgery.
Central Pontine Demyelination: A Case Report
Authors: Maharjan Manju , Shrestha Pranaya , Chandra Avinash , Maharjan Jemesh S , Pant Basant
Published: July 2018

Central Pontine Demyelination is a neurological disease caused by rapidly fl uctuating serum osmolality resulting in severe damage of the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the brainstem, more precisely in the area of pons. This condition is associated with electrolyte disorders, especially severe hyponatremia and its rapid correction. Its clinical course is characterized by alterations in the mental status to debilitating neurological status i.e. coma. Chronic hyponatremia and its correction, with or without evaluating safe limit could result in pontine demyelination. Demyelination might also occur with normal sodium levels, and even if serum sodium levels are corrected within safe limits. The objective of this case report is to give a broad perspective on Central Pontine Demyelination and to discuss about the different factors contributing to the demyelination and the various causes, pathophysiology and the management of this condition. Nepal Journal of Neuroscience. Vol. 13, No. 2, 2016, Page: 99-101
Chiari Malformation-I with Syringomyelia: A Non-specific Presentation and Surgical Consideration
Authors: Maharjan Jemesh S , Shrestha Pranaya , Chandra Avinash , Rajbhandari Pravesh , Acharya Samir , Shrestha Resha , Bhattarai Robin , Pant Basant
Published: July 2018

Chiari Malformation-I is a congenital disorder characterized by the anatomical defect of the base of skull with tonsillar herniation (≥5 mm) below the foramen magnum, which is detected on MRI. It has a diverse range of symptoms with non-specific presentation leading to the chances of misdiagnosis and untimely recognition of the disorder. Syringomyelia is the most common result of Chiari-I. The selection of surgical or non-surgical management depends upon the patient symptoms and the presence of absence of Syringomyelia. The objective of this case report is to give a broad perspective on Chiari Malformation-I from the symptoms and clinical findings obtained in a patient with Syringomyelia associated with Chiari Malformation-I and to discuss about the different surgical options as well as the psychological support required for the management of the condition.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience. Vol. 13, No. 2, 2016, Page: 105-108
Propofol, An Alternative to Amobarbital in Wadas Test in Electro corticography Based Epilepsy Surgery for Determining Dominance of Brain
Authors: Rajbhandari Pravesh , Shrestha Pranaya , Acharya Samir , Shretha Resha , Pant Basant
Published: July 2018

Amobarbital which is used rampantly for Wadas test is not available in Nepal and to find a dominant hemisphere in a functional Electro corticography (ECoG) based epilepsy surgery is a must. So we have used propfol under Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) for both cerebral hemisphere.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience. Vol. 13, No. 2, 2016, Page: 116-118
ASPECTOS DA BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA DE SEIS ESPÉCIES DE PEIXES DE IMPORTÂNCIA COMERCIAL DO MÉDIO RIO XINGU – BASES PARA SEU MANEJO
Authors: Camargo Mauricio , Lima Júnior Walmir Mário Alves
Published: July 2018

The spawning season and the mean length at first reproduction (L50) of Cichla melaniae, Prochilodus nigricans, Plagioscion squamossisimus, P. magdalenae, Myleus torquatus and M. pacu were studied. Seven field collections were made along one year. The captures were carried out with the use of gill nets. The weight and the total length of all the specimens caught were assessed. The sex and the development phase of gonads were established based in a macroscopic scale of four stages. The main season of reproduction was defined and compared with the seasonality of the flood pulses. The tucunaré (Cichla melaniae) and the curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans) showed synchronic spawns at the beginning of the flood season. Other species, such as the pacus (M. torquatus and M. pacu), although presenting a synchronic spawning strategy, also showed another pick of spawning activity during the dry season. The pescada P. squamossisimus, presented assinchronic spawning behavior along the whole year. The mean lengths at the beginning of the sexual maturation were: 26,45 cm for Cichla melaniae; 24,96 cm for P. squamossisimus; 22,25 cm for P. magdalenae; 23,08 cm for P. nigricans; 16,18 cm for M. torquatus; and 16,89 cm for M. pacu. Comparing these results with the landing volume, indicate that M. torquatus and M. pacu are captured in lengths far bellow (12-14 cm) the calculated L50. The closed seasons of this fishery not always coincide with the spawning season of pacus (Myleus). We suggest the establishment of minimum sizes of capture, based in the L50 calculated for each one of the studied species.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DOS GRUPOS DE ARTESÃOS DAS RESERVAS MAMIRAUÁ E AMANÃ.
Authors: Marques Thatyana Souza
Published: July 2018

The Arts and Crafts Program has been monitoring the sales of the group of craftsmen from the Sustainable Development Reserves Amanã and Mamirauá, in order to follow-up the monthly and annual volumes of the handcraft production sold, to identify the natural resources more frequently used as raw materials, and to identify the main groups of handcraft buyers. This work analyzed the different commercialization strategies of the groups related to the difficulties to access the market, difficulties related with geographic location, and in face of the alternatives of economical activities present in the sector where those groups live. The main strategies identified were the direct sale of handcrafts to ecotourists, visitors, other community members, or local/regional retailers, with no need to leave the community where the groups live; or coming to Tefé to sell to intermediates, as is mainly the case of Mamirauá Souvenir Shop, or to reach market points of retailers located outside Tefé via the facilitation of the Arts and Crafts Program, of Mamirauá Institute. As result, it was possible to conclude that the main factors causing variation in the amount of income generated by these groups are related to the individual abilities of craftsmen, together with the community organization established to develop such activity.
LEVANTAMENTO ARQUEOLÓGICO NA RDS AMANÃ
Authors: Costa Bernardo Lacale Silva da
Published: July 2018

This work presents some preliminary results of the

archaeological survey carried out in july 2006 and april 2008

at the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve, in the state

of Amazonas, Brazil. The identification of an archaeological

scenario formed by twenty nine sites (composed of

potsherds, urns, Amazonian Dark Earths – ADES, and lithic

material) and four occurrences provided enough material to

place findings within main methodological and theoretical

trends of Amazonian archaeology. The results are also

important to develop the next steps of the research having in

mind the importance of building up community management

of the archaeological heritage of the reserve.
PADRÕES DE REGENERAÇÃO EM CLAREIRAS DE ORIGEM ANTRÓPICA NA VÁRZEA DA RDS MAMIRAUÁ, AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL.
Authors: Andrade Teresinha Maria de , Assis Rafael Lenadro de , Wittmann Florian , Schöngart Jochen , Piedade Maria Teresa Fernandez
Published: July 2018

Despite the existence of a large number of studies on forest

gaps in tropical regions, none of them deals with the

regeneration patterns resulting from human action in

Amazonian floodplain forests. The present study investigated

the structure and species composition of trees regenerating in

gaps originating from different types of land-use: selective

logging and agricultural activity. Two gaps of selective logging

(CE) and two gaps of agriculture (CA), both at the Jarauá

Sector - RDSM, Central Amazonia, Brazil were selected. Two

control areas were established below a nearby continuous

canopy (SD). In each gap a circular plot with r=5 m was

established. All trees above 1 m of high and < 10 cm of DBH

diameter at breast height) were inventoried. A total of 382

individuals were sampled and species were classified

according to the Importance Value Index (IVI). Highest value

of abundance was found at the CE (174 individuals), followed

by CA (114 individuals) and SD (94 individuals). Species

richness at the three sites was 43, 25 and 36 species,

respectively. Basal area was higher at the CA plots (1,733

m2), followed by SD (0,683 m2), and CE (0,348 m2).

Comparing to gaps originating from agricultural activity, gaps

originating from selective logging and these below the

continuous canopy had higher floristic similarity as well as a

higher diversity of regenerating species.
NOVAS INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE A DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE CACAJAO CALVUS NA RESERVA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL MAMIRAUÁ
Authors: Vieira Tatiana , Oliveira Marcela , Queiroz Helder , Valsecchi João
Published: July 2018

Populations of two forms of uacaries, red and white, are found at the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (MSDR). Ayres (1986) notes that two skins of red uacaries were brought to Tefé (Amazonas state) from Auati-Paraná area, northern bank of Solimões river, inside the known geographical distribution of white uacaries, suggesting that a zone of contact between these two forms. The objective of this study was to gather information on the distribution of C. calvus at MSDR, both with interviews and direct observation. Parallel transects for active search were made at sites indicated by the inhabitants of the local communities. Nine communities confirmed the presence of white uacaries, while red uacaries were confirmed at seven communities. A small area of complete absence of the species was reported between Auati-paraná channel and Japurá river. A zone of contact between the two forms was indicated at Paraná do Aiupiá. For direct observation of the animals, 82.5 km were covered along Aiupiá channel, where white uacaries were observed in seven occasions, all at the right bank. Red uacaries were also spoted seven times, at the left bank. Further investigations at this area are being conducted in order to define the peripatry of both taxa, with big consequences to the conservation of the species.