bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Snow optical properties at Dome C (Concordia), Antarctica; implications for snow emissions and snow chemistry of reactive nitrogen
Authors: France J. L. , King M. D. , Frey M. M. , Erbland J. , Picard G. , Preunkert S. , MacArthur A. , Savarino J.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. Measurements of e-folding depth, nadir reflectivity and stratigraphy of the snowpack around Concordia station (Dome C, 75.10° S, 123.31° E) were undertaken to determine wavelength dependent coefficients (350 nm to 550 nm) for light scattering and absorption and to calculate potential fluxes (depth-integrated production rates) of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from the snowpack due to nitrate photolysis within the snowpack. The stratigraphy of the top 80 cm of Dome C snowpack generally consists of three main layers:- a surface of soft windpack (not ubiquitous), a hard windpack, and a hoar-like layer beneath the windpack(s). The e-folding depths are ~10 cm for the two windpack layers and ~20 cm for the hoar-like layer for solar radiation at a wavelength of 400 nm; about a factor 2–4 larger than previous model estimates for South Pole. The absorption cross-section due to impurities in each snowpack layer are consistent with a combination of absorption due to black carbon and HULIS (HUmic LIke Substances), with amounts of 1–2 ng g−1 of black carbon for the surface snow layers. Depth-integrated photochemical production rates of NO2 in the Dome C snowpack were calculated as 5.3 × 1012 molecules m−2 s−1, 2.3 × 1012 molecules m−2 s−1 and 8 × 1011 molecules m−2 s−1 for clear skies and solar zenith angles of 60°, 70° and 80° respectively using the TUV-snow radiative-transfer model. Depending upon the snowpack stratigraphy, a minimum of 85% of the NO2 may originate from the top 20 cm of the Dome C snowpack. It is found that on a multi-annual time-scale photolysis can remove up to 80% of nitrate from surface snow, confirming independent isotopic evidence that photolysis is an important driver of nitrate loss occurring in the EAIS (East Antarctic Ice Sheet) snowpack. However, the model cannot completely account for the total observed nitrate loss of 90–95 % or the shape of the observed nitrate concentration depth profile. A more complete model will need to include also physical processes such as evaporation, re-deposition or diffusion between the quasi-liquid layer on snow grains and firn air to account for the discrepancies.
Analysis of satellite-derived Arctic tropospheric BrO columns in conjunction with aircraft measurements during ARCTAS and ARCPAC
Authors: Choi S. , Wang Y. , Salawitch R. J. , Canty T. , Joiner J. , Zeng T. , Kurosu T. P. , Chance K. , Richter A. , Huey L. G. , Liao J. , Neuman J. A. , Nowak J. B. , Dibb J. E. , Weinheimer A. J. , Diskin G. , Ryerson T. B. , da Silva A. , Curry J. , Kinnison D. , Tilmes S. , Levelt P. F.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. We derive estimates of tropospheric BrO column amounts during two Arctic field campaigns in 2008 using information from the satellite UV nadir sensors Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the second Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME-2) as well as estimates of stratospheric BrO columns from a model simulation. The sensitivity of the satellite-derived tropospheric BrO columns to various parameters is investigated using a radiative transfer model. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of satellite-derived tropospheric BrO columns including a detailed comparison with aircraft in-situ observations of BrO and related species obtained during the field campaigns. In contrast to prior expectation, tropospheric BrO, when present, existed over a broad range of altitudes. Our results show reasonable agreement between tropospheric BrO columns derived from the satellite observations and columns found using aircraft in-situ BrO. After accounting for the stratospheric contribution to total BrO column, several events of rapid BrO activation due to surface processes in the Arctic are apparent in both the OMI and GOME-2 based tropospheric columns. The wide orbital swath of OMI allows examination of the evolution of tropospheric BrO on about hourly time intervals near the pole. Low pressure systems, strong surface winds, and high planetary boundary layer heights are associated with the observed tropospheric BrO activation events.
ExchanGE processes in mountainous Regions (EGER) – overview of design, methods, and first results
Authors: Foken T. , Meixner F. X. , Falge E. , Zetzsch C. , Serafimovich A. , Bargsten A. , Behrendt T. , Biermann T. , Breuninger C. , Dix S. , Gerken T. , Hunner M. , Lehmann-Pape L. , Hens K. , Jocher G. , Kesselmeier J. , Lüers J. , Mayer J.-C. , Moravek A. , Plake D. , Riederer M. , Rütz F. , Scheibe M. , Siebicke L. , Sörgel M. , Staudt K. , Trebs I. , Tsokankunku A. , Welling M. , Wolff V. , Zhu Z.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. To investigate the energy, matter and reactive and non-reactive trace gas exchange between the atmosphere and a spruce forest in the German mountain region, two intensive measuring periods were conducted at the FLUXNET site Waldstein-Weidenbrunnen in September/October 2007 and June/July 2008. They were part of the project "ExchanGE processes in mountainous Regions" (EGER). Beyond a brief description of the experiment and links to the already published results of both experiments, the main focus of the paper is the problem of the coupling of the trunk space, the canopy and the atmosphere. Therefore, the relevant coherent structures were analyzed in different canopy levels and an already published coupling classification was applied to gradients and fluxes. It could be shown that fluxes above the canopy are only related to the gradient between the canopy and the atmosphere in the case of a fully coupled system. Changes in the concentration of especially reactive trace gases (NO-NO2-O3 and HONO) could only be interpreted together with the coupling stage. Finally it was pointed out that the combination of air chemical measurements with micrometeorological turbulence measurements is urgently needed to understand the biosphere-atmosphere interaction.
Survival after Pathological Fractures of the Proximal Femur
Authors: Parker Martyn J. , Khan Asif Z. , Rowlands Tom K.
Published: September 2011

We report on the survival of 145 patients presenting to a single centre with a pathological metastatic fracture of the proximal femur. The single surviving patient had a follow-up of 17.7 years. Mean survival for the 144 patients who died was 332 days (range 2 to 3053 days), being longest for those with myeloma (662 days), lymphoma (> 633 days) and breast tumours (477 days) and lowest for lung tumours (110 days). The most common sites for the primary tumour were breast (36%), prostate (23%) and lung (17%). 47% of fractures were intracapsular, 28% trochanteric and 25% subtrochanteric. 99% of the fractures were treated surgically with a mean hospital stay of 19 days. The commonest fracture healing complication was further fracture of the femur around or immediately below the implant which occurred after 9/144 (6.2%) of operations. The difference in survival of patients related to the primary tumour site is of relevance in planning surgical treatment and discussing prognosis with patients.
Aorta Fluorescence Imaging by Using Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Wang Chun-Yang , Tsai Jui-che , Chuang Ching-Cheng , Hsieh Yao-Sheng , Sun Chia-Wei
Published: September 2011

The activated leukocyte attacked the vascular endothelium and the associated increase in VEcadherin number was observed in experiments. The confocal microscopic system with a prism-based wavelength filter was used for multiwavelength fluorescence measurement. Multiwavelength fluorescence imaging based on the VEcadherin within the aorta segment of a rat was achieved. The confocal microscopic system capable of fluorescence detection of cardiovascular tissue is a useful tool for measuring the biological properties in clinical applications.
Typical Set Cognitive Sensing
Authors: Souihli Oussama , Ohtsuki Tomoaki
Published: September 2011

In cognitive radio (CR) cooperative sensing schemes, wireless sensor nodes deployed in the network
sense the licensed spectrum and send their local sensing decisions to a fusion center (FC) that makes
a global decision on whether to allow the unlicensed user transmit on the licensed spectrum, based
on a decision (fusion) rule. k-out-of-N is widely used in the literature owing to its practical simplicity.
Regrettably, it exhibits a tradeoff between the achievable probabilities of false alarm and miss detection,
which could have consequent effects on the performance of CR. In this paper, based on the notion
of typical sequences, we propose a novel fusion rule in which the false alarm and miss detection
probabilities can be simultaneously made as small as desired (asymptotically zero as the number of
sensors goes to infinity).
Sweet dreams could be made of this: carbohydrate‐responsive element‐binding protein (ChREBP) as a target for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy
Authors: Fernández‐Barrena Maite G. , Avila Matías A.
Published: June 2024

Rewiring of cellular metabolism is now fully recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells reprogram metabolic pathways to meet the energetic and macromolecular demands to support unrestricted growth and survival under unfavorable conditions. It is becoming apparent that these adaptations underpin most of the traits that define a cancer cell's identity, including the ability to avoid immune surveillance, endure nutrient and oxygen restrictions, detach and migrate from their natural histological niche, and avert human‐made aggressions (i.e., therapy). In a recent study, Benichou and collaborators identify carbohydrate‐responsive element‐binding protein (ChREBP), a master regulator of physiological glucose metabolism, as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Upregulation of ChREBP expression results in a self‐stimulatory loop interconnecting PI3K/AKT signaling and glucose metabolism to feed fatty acid and nucleotide synthesis supporting tumorigenesis. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of ChREBP activity quells in vivo HCC tumor growth without causing systemic toxicity. This study identifies novel oncometabolic pathways and open up new avenues to improve the treatment of a deadly tumor.
SCAR32: Functional characterization and expansion of the clinical‐genetic spectrum
Authors: Naef Valentina , Lieto Maria , Satolli Sara , De Micco Rosa , Troisi Martina , Pasquariello Rosa , Doccini Stefano , Privitera Flavia , Filla Alessandro , Tessitore Alessandro , Santorelli Filippo Maria
Published: June 2024

Objective

Biallelic mutations in PRDX3 have been linked to autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 32. In this study, which aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on this rare disease, we identified two unrelated patients with mutations in PRDX3. We explored the impact of PRDX3 mutation in patient skin fibroblasts and the role of the gene in neurodevelopment.

Methods

We performed trio exome sequencing that identified mutations in PRDX3 in two unrelated patients. We also performed functional studies in patient skin fibroblasts and generated a “crispant” zebrafish (Danio rerio) model to investigate the role of the gene during nervous system development.

Results

Our study reports two additional patients. Patient 1 is a 19‐year‐old male who showed a novel homozygous c.525_535delGTTAGAAGGTT (p. Leu176TrpfsTer11) mutation as the genetic cause of cerebellar ataxia. Patient 2 is a 20‐year‐old male who was found to present the known c.425C>G/p. Ala142Gly variant in compound heterozygosity with the p. Leu176TrpfsTer11 one. While the fibroblast model failed to recapitulate the pathological features associated with PRDX3 loss of function, our functional characterization of the prdx3 zebrafish model revealed motor defects, increased susceptibility to reactive oxygen species‐triggered apoptosis, and an impaired oxygen consumption rate.

Conclusions

We identified a new variant, thereby expanding the genetic spectrum of PRDX3‐related disease. We developed a novel zebrafish model to investigate the consequences of prdx3 depletion on neurodevelopment and thus offered a potential new tool for identifying new treatment opportunities.
3D Digital Holography Investigations of Giant Photostriction Effect in MAPbBr3 Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Liu Dong , Wu Jialin , Lu Ying‐Bo , Zhao Yiyang , Jiang Xianyuan , Wang Kai‐Li , Wang Hao , Dong Liang , Cong Wei‐Yan , Chen Hao , Ning Zhijun , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Guan ChengBo , Wu Zhongchen , Ling Zongcheng
Published: June 2024

The photoinduced physics always is a critical but controversial question for the new optoelectronic materials of halide perovskites. A high‐quality MAPbBr3 single crystal is grown and the lattice expansion induced by variable power X‐ray irradiation is investigated.A photoinduced deformation measurement system utilizing the off‐axis holography technique is developed and constructed to measure and illuminate the global photo‐induced deformation of MAPbBr3. Under a 473 nm laser with a power of 50 mW, MAPbBr3 exhibits an average maximum relative deformation of 1.27 × 10−3, demonstrating its remarkable photosensitivity and robust geometric response capabilities. Digital holography reveals photostriction as a localized phenomenon, reflecting the localization effect of the photogenerated carriers. The energetic and spatial transitions of those photogenerated carriers weaken the interatomic forces and in turn straighten the Pb─Br─Pb frameworks, expanding the lattice. This geometric change and the corresponding electronic impact are verified by Raman spectra, photoluminescence measurements, and first‐principle calculations. The methods and results are significant for future research on light‐induced phenomena in perovskites and other solid materials.
Epitaxial Growth of Hierarchical CuxS Heterostructures for Broadband Dielectric Response
Authors: Zhang Huibin , Zhou Xiaodi , Yuan Mingyue , Du Yiqian , Xiong Xuhui , Lv Xiaowei , Liu Yihao , Lv Hualiang , Lai Yuxiang , Pan Deng , Che Renchao
Published: June 2024

When interacting with an external Electromagnetic (EM) field, symmetric nanostructures, characterized by their periodic crystalline arrangement, typically resonate at specific frequencies. This resonance enhances local electromagnetic fields, leading to strong EM absorption, yet within a narrow absorption range. Conversely, asymmetric nanostructures, distinguished by their complex electric field polarization and distributions, provide broader frequency responses, albeit with generally weaker electromagnetic loss across the broadband. Therefore, striking a balance between wideband and strong absorption using either symmetric or asymmetric nanostructures remains a challenge. Here, a nanostructured epitaxial step‐growth technique is demonstrated that fabricates a CuxS multilevel rod‐like heterostructure with overall axial symmetry. This structure introduces localized asymmetry through variations in a component hierarchy and multilevel rod dimensions during the epitaxial growth process, effectively addressing the aforementioned balance between wideband and strong absorption. Experimental evidence and theoretical simulations confirm that nanostructures possessing these characteristics achieve efficient broadband absorption across a 6.3 GHz bandwidth with just 2.0 mm thickness, owing to the generation of multiple continuous local electric fields and enhanced electric field polarization. It is convincing that this methodology and design concept hold enlightening significance for advancing material and technological innovations in the realm of broadband absorption.
Lattice‐Disordered High‐Entropy Alloy Engineered by Thermal Dezincification for Improved Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Huang Kang , Cao Xun , Lu Yu , Xiu Mingzhen , Cui Kang , Zhang Bowei , Shi Wencong , Xia Jiuyang , Woods Lilia M. , Zhu Siyu , Wang Zheng , Guo Chunxian , Li Changming , Liu Zheng , Wu Junsheng , Huang Yizhong
Published: June 2024

A disordered crystal structure is an asymmetrical atomic lattice resulting from the missing atoms (vacancies) or the lattice misarrangement in a solid‐state material. It has been widely proven to improve the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process. In the present work, due to the special physical properties (the low evaporation temperature of below 900 °C), Zn is utilized as a sacrificial component to create senary PtIrNiCoFeZn high‐entropy alloy (HEA) with highly disordered lattices. The structure of the lattice‐disordered PtIrNiCoFeZn HEA is characterized by the thermal diffusion scattering (TDS) in transmission electron microscope. Density functional theory calculations reveal that lattice disorder not only accelerates both the Volmer step and Tafel step during the HER process but also optimizes the intensity and distribution of projected density of states near the Fermi energy after the H2O and H adsorption. Anomalously high alkaline HER activity and stability are proven by experimental measurements. This work introduces a novel approach to preparing irregular lattices offering highly efficient HEA and a TDS characterization method to reveal the disordered lattice in materials. It provides a new route toward exploring and developing the catalytic activities of materials with asymmetrically disordered lattices.
Rapid‐Response Water‐Shrink Films with High Output Work Density Based on Polyethylene Oxide and α‐Cyclodextrin for Autonomous Wound Closure
Authors: Yi Junqi , Ren Xueyang , Li Yanzhen , Yuan Yuehui , Tang Wenjie , Wang Xiaoshi , Yu Jing , Yu Shujin , Li Wenlong , Wang Jianwu , Loh Xian Jun , Hu Benhui , Chen Xiaodong
Published: June 2024

Conventional wound closure methods, including sutures and tissue adhesives, present significant challenges for self‐care treatment, particularly in the context of bleeding wounds. Existing stimuli‐responsive contractile materials designed for autonomous wound closure frequently lack sufficient output work density to generate the force needed to bring the wound edges into proximity or necessitate stimuli that are not compatible with the human body. Here, semi‐transparent, flexible, and water‐responsive shrinkable films, composed of poly(ethylene oxide) and α‐cyclodextrin, are reported. These films exhibit remarkable stability under ambient conditions and demonstrate significant contraction (≈50%) within 6 s upon exposure to water, generating substantial contractile stress (up to 6 MPa) and output work density (≈1028 kJ m−3), which is 100 times larger than that of conventional hydrogel and 25 times larger than that of skeletal muscles. Remarkably, upon hydration, these films are capable of lifting objects 10 000 times their own weight. Leveraging this technology, water‐shrink tapes, which, upon contact with water, effectively constrict human skin and autonomously close bleeding wounds in animal models within 10 seconds, are developed further. This work offers a novel approach to skin wound management, showing significant potential for emergency and self‐care scenarios.
Interface Design beyond Epitaxy: Oxide Heterostructures Comprising Symmetry‐Forbidden Interfaces
Authors: Wang Hongguang , Harbola Varun , Wu Yu‐Jung , van Aken Peter A. , Mannhart Jochen
Published: June 2024

Epitaxial growth of thin‐film heterostructures is generally considered the most successful procedure to obtain interfaces of excellent structural and electronic quality between 3D materials. However, these interfaces can only join material systems with crystal lattices of matching symmetries and lattice constants. This article presents a novel category of interfaces, the fabrication of which is membrane‐based and does not require epitaxial growth. These interfaces therefore overcome the limitations imposed by epitaxy. Leveraging the additional degrees of freedom gained, atomically clean interfaces are demonstrated between threefold symmetric sapphire and fourfold symmetric SrTiO3. Atomic‐resolution imaging reveals structurally well‐defined interfaces with a novel moiré‐type reconstruction.
High‐Entropy Transition Metal Phosphorus Trichalcogenides for Rapid Sodium Ion Diffusion
Authors: Huang Song , Qiu Zanlin , Zhong Jiang , Wu Shengqiang , Han Xiaocang , Hu Wenchao , Han Ziyi , Cheng Wing Ni , Luo Yan , Meng Yuan , Hu Zuyang , Zhou Xuan , Guo Shaojun , Zhu Jian , Zhao Xiaoxu , Li Cheng Chao
Published: June 2024

High‐entropy strategies are regarded as a powerful means to enhance performance in energy storage fields. The improved properties are invariably ascribed to entropy stabilization or synergistic cocktail effect. Therefore, the manifested properties in such multicomponent materials are usually unpredictable. Elucidating the precise correlations between atomic structures and properties remains a challenge in high‐entropy materials (HEMs). Herein, atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy annular dark field (STEM‐ADF) imaging and four dimensions (4D)‐STEM are combined to directly visualize atomic‐scale structural and electric information in high‐entropy FeMnNiVZnPS3. Aperiodic stacking is found in FeMnNiVZnPS3 accompanied by high‐density strain soliton boundaries (SSBs). Theoretical calculation suggests that the formation of such structures is attributed to the imbalanced stress of distinct metal‐sulfur bonds in FeMnNiVZnPS3. Interestingly, the electric field concentrates along the two sides of SSBs and gradually diminishes toward the two‐dimensional (2D) plane to generate a unique electric field gradient, strongly promoting the ion‐diffusion rate. Accordingly, high‐entropy FeMnNiVZnPS3 demonstrates superior ion‐diffusion coefficients of 10−9.7‐10−8.3 cm2 s−1 and high‐rate performance (311.5 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1). This work provides an alternative way for the atomic‐scale understanding and design of sophisticated HEMs, paving the way for property engineering in multi‐component materials.
Direct Introduction of the 1‐Fluorocyclopropyl Group via Stille Cross‐Coupling – A Way of Getting Around Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)
Authors: Audet Florian , Donnard Morgan , Panossian Armen , Holstein Philipp M. , Bernier David , Pazenok Sergii , Leroux Frédéric R.
Published: June 2024

We are reporting the preparation and use in cross‐coupling reactions of a newly developed, bench‐stable (1‐fluorocyclopropyl)metalloid reagent. The Stille cross‐coupling reaction described for this α‐fluorinated stannane reagent is amenable to a wide range of aryl and alkenyl (pseudo)halides bearing a variety of functional groups. An enantioenriched cross‐coupled product was also obtained from the corresponding 1‐fluorocyclopropyltin reagent bearing an ester handle. Finally, the chemical stability of the 1‐fluorocyclopropyl moiety was also demonstrated by performing several post‐functionalizations.
Polygenic Score for Conscientiousness Is a Protective Factor for Reversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Normal Cognition
Authors: Yang Xuan , Wang Zirui , Li Haonan , Qin Wen , Liu Nana , Liu Zhixuan , Wang Siqi , Xu Jiayuan , Wang Junping ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2024

Spontaneous reversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to normal cognition (NC) is little known. Based on the data of the Genetics of Personality Consortium and MCI participants from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, the authors investigate the effect of polygenic scores (PGS) for personality traits on the reversion of MCI to NC and its underlying neurobiology. PGS analysis reveals that PGS for conscientiousness (PGS‐C) is a protective factor that supports the reversion from MCI to NC. Gene ontology enrichment analysis and tissue‐specific enrichment analysis indicate that the protective effect of PGS‐C may be attributed to affecting the glutamatergic synapses of subcortical structures, such as hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and caudate nucleus. The structural covariance network (SCN) analysis suggests that the left whole hippocampus and its subfields, and the left whole amygdala and its subnuclei show significantly stronger covariance with several high‐cognition relevant brain regions in the MCI reverters compared to the stable MCI participants, which may help illustrate the underlying neural mechanism of the protective effect of PGS‐C.
Development of a Highly Adaptive Miniature Piezoelectric Robot Inspired by Earthworms
Authors: Deng Jie , Liu Ziteng , Li Jing , Zhang Shijing , Liu Yingxiang
Published: June 2024

Miniature resonant piezoelectric robots have the advantages of compact structure, fast response, high speed, and easy control, which have attracted the interest of many scholars in recent years. However, piezoelectric robots usually suffer from the problem of poor adaptability due to the micron‐level amplitude at the feet. Inspired by the fact that earthworms have actuation trajectories all around their bodies to move flexibly under the ground, a miniature piezoelectric robot with circumferentially arranged driving feet to improve adaptability is proposed. Notably, a longitudinal‐vibration‐compound actuation principle with multilegged collaboration is designed to achieve the actuation trajectories around the robot, similar to the earthworms. The structure and operating principle are simulated by the finite element method, and the prototype is fabricated. The robot weighs 22.7 g and has dimensions of 35.5 × 36.5 × 47 mm3. The robot is tethered to an ultrasonic power supply, and the experimental results show that the speed reaches 179.35 mm s−1  under an exciting signal with a frequency of 58.5 kHz and a voltage of 200 Vp‐p. High adaptability is achieved by the proposed robot, it can move on flat, fold, concave, and convex surfaces, and even in an inclined or rotating tube.
Vanadium‐Based Cathodes Modification via Defect Engineering: Strategies to Support the Leap from Lab to Commercialization of Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zeng Xin , Gong Zhe , Wang Cheng , Cullen Patrick J. , Pei Zengxia
Published: June 2024

In advancing aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) toward commercial viability, vanadium (V)‐based cathodes are pivotal, offering broad redox ranges, and compatibility with water's electrochemical limits. Despite their great potentials, V‐based cathodes face challenges in transitioning from lab to commercialization. Defect engineering is exploited as a pivotal technique that endows the cathodes with unexpected physical and chemical properties to break the intrinsic bottleneck and, in turn, enhance their electrochemical performances. This review delves into the role of defect engineering on V‐based materials, underscoring its potential in mitigating the critical challenges. It starts by encapsulating the current characteristics of V‐based cathodes in AZIBs. Research efforts related to various defects, such as oxygen vacancies, cation vacancies, cationic doping, anionic doping, water intercalation, and lattice disorders/amorphization, are then rationalized and discussed. The fabrication and characterization techniques of defect engineering are also summarized. By integrating the conclusions from existing works and tailoring defect engineering strategies, a few perspectives are provided for systematically employing defect engineering to pave the way for a more efficient transition of these promising materials from laboratory breakthroughs to commercially viable energy storage solutions.
Rate and time of nitrogen fertilizer application for winter camelina
Authors: Gregg Stephen , Strock Jeffrey S. , Gesch Russ W. , Coulter Jeffrey A. , Garcia y Garcia Axel
Published: June 2024

Winter camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is a potential third crop to diversify maize (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations in the upper Midwest. Although generally considered a low‐input crop, empirical evidence suggests that it responds to added nitrogen (N) fertilization. However, optimum agronomic N rates have not been extensively studied in the region. A study was conducted from fall 2018 to fall 2020 at three locations to assess the effects of N fertilizer application time (all N‐rate applied in spring and N‐rate split applied in fall and spring) and rates on biomass and seed yield, and quality of winter camelina. Nitrogen application time did not affect yields. Both biomass and seed yields were greatly affected by N rates at all locations. Nitrogen had minimal effects on the oil and protein content of seeds, although greater N rates were associated with a slight decrease in oil content and a slight increase in protein content. The number of branches and silicles per plant varied significantly with N rates in all locations. The seed‐to‐silicle ratio showed significant differences in two out of three locations. Residual soil N increased with increasing N rates. A fertilization rate of 67 kg ha−1 provided the highest camelina seed yield. While this study has determined the agronomic maximum rate for applied N, further economic analysis could provide comprehensive decision‐making for farmers.
Multicenter prospective study on anastomotic leakage after right‐sided colon cancer surgery with laparoscopic intracorporeal overlap anastomosis (KYCC 2101)
Authors: Kazama Keisuke , Numata Masakatsu , Mushiake Hiroyuki , Sugano Nobuhiro , Godai Teni , Higuchi Akio , Ishiguro Tetsushi , Atsumi Yosuke , Shinoda Satoru , Saito Aya
Published: June 2024

Aim

Intracorporeal anastomosis (IA) is becoming increasingly popular and replacing extracorporeal anastomosis (EA) for reconstruction in laparoscopic and robotic surgery for right‐sided colon cancer (LSRCC). Intracorporeal overlap anastomosis (IOA) is the most widely used IA technique. This study aimed to examine the safety of IOA by investigating its short‐term results during the implementation phase.

Methods

This multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted by the Kanagawa Yokohama Colorectal Cancer (KYCC) Study Group. Patients with stage 1–3 colon cancer who planned to undergo LSRCC with IOA reconstruction were eligible. The incidence of anastomotic leakage (AL) of Clavien–Dindo (C–D) grade ≥3 was evaluated as the primary endpoint, and other surgical outcomes and postoperative complications of C–D grades ≥2 were the secondary endpoints.

Results

A total of 127 patients were enrolled, of whom 120 were finally analyzed. The incidence of C–D grade ≥2 complications was 8.3%. The incidence of C–D grade ≥3 AL was 0.8%. This trend was lower than that reported in previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and acceptable. Additionally, 1.7% of the patients developed abdominal abscesses, and no cases of anastomotic stenosis were observed. The median operative time was 257 min, and the reconstruction procedure required 32 min. Stapler closure of the enterotomy and facility experience of more than 30 cases were associated with a shorter reconstruction time during IOA.

Conclusion

IOA is feasible and can be safely performed during the implementation phase in patients undergoing LSRCC.
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Sulfinic Esters via Oxidative Coupling of Thiols or Disulfides with Alcohols
Authors: Taniguchi Nobukazu
Published: June 2024

The copper‐catalyzed coupling of thiols with alcohols was achieved under air atmosphere. The reaction proceeded smoothly in the presence of a base such as Cs2CO3 or Rb2CO3 affording sulfinic esters in good yields. Furthermore, disulfides were also available in the procedure. Both sulfide‐groups on disulfide were efficiently consumed.
Shape Shifting and Locking in Mechanically Responsive Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Thermoelastic Actuators
Authors: Xu Ke , Zhou Zi‐Ning , Han Xiang‐Bin , Yang Ya‐Wen , Zhang Wen , Ye Qiong
Published: June 2024

The construction of mechanically responsive materials with reversible shape‐shifting, shape‐locking, and stretchability holds promise for a wide range of applications in fields such as soft robotics and flexible electronics. Here, we report novel thermoelastic one‐dimensional organic–inorganic hybrids (R/S‐Hmpy)PbI3 (Hmpy=2‐hydroxymethyl‐pyrrolidinium) to show mechanical responses. The single crystals undergo two phase transitions at 310 K and 380 K. When heated to 380 K, they show shape‐shifting and expansion along the b‐axis by about 13.4 %, corresponding to a larger deformation than that of thermally activated shape memory alloys (8.5 %), and exhibit a strong actuation force. During the cooling process, the stretched crystal shape maintains and a shape‐locking phenomenon occurs, which is lifted when the temperature decreases to 305 K. Meanwhile, due to the introduction of chiral ions, the thermal switching shows a 10‐fold second‐order nonlinear switching contrast (common values typically below 3‐fold). This study presents a thermoelastic actuator based on shape‐shifting and ‐locking of organic–inorganic hybrids for the first time. The dielectric and nonlinear optical switching properties of organic–inorganic hybrids broaden the range of applications of mechanically responsive crystals.
De Novo Discovery of Pseudo‐Natural Prenylated Macrocyclic Peptide Ligands
Authors: Inoue Sumika , Thanh Nguyen Dinh , Hamada Keisuke , Okuma Rika , Okada Chikako , Okada Masahiro , Abe Ikuro , Sengoku Toru , Goto Yuki , Suga Hiroaki
Published: June 2024

Prenylation of peptides is widely observed in the secondary metabolites of diverse organisms, granting peptides unique chemical properties distinct from proteinogenic amino acids. Discovery of prenylated peptide agents has largely relied on isolation or genome mining of naturally occurring molecules. To devise a platform technology for de novo discovery of artificial prenylated peptides targeting a protein of choice, here we have integrated the thioether‐macrocyclic peptide (teMP) library construction/selection technology, so‐called RaPID (Random nonstandard Peptides Integrated Discovery) system, with a Trp‐C3‐prenyltransferase KgpF involved in the biosynthesis of a prenylated natural product. This unique enzyme exhibited remarkably broad substrate tolerance, capable of modifying various Trp‐containing teMPs to install a prenylated residue with tricyclic constrained structure. We constructed a vast library of prenylated teMPs and subjected it to in vitro selection against a phosphoglycerate mutase. This selection platform has led to the identification of a pseudo‐natural prenylated teMP inhibiting the target enzyme with an IC50 of 30 nM. Importantly, the prenylation was essential for the inhibitory activity, enhanced serum stability, and cellular uptake of the peptide, highlighting the benefits of peptide prenylation. This work showcases the de novo discovery platform for pseudo‐natural prenylated peptides, which is readily applicable to other drug targets.
Synthesis, characterization and application of polyesters from diglycerol and triglycerol as lubricants and additives
Authors: de Brito Débora Hellen Almeida , Schuller Ana Paula Dantas , Cavalcante Igor Marques , Rocha Natália Rodrigues Castro , Moreira Denise Ramos , Maier Martin Edmund , Petzhold César Liberato , Ricardo Nágila Maria Pontes Silva
Published: June 2024

Glycerol is produced on a large scale as a byproduct in the biodiesel market. In order to give an application to glycerol, this work uses diglycerol from synthesized polyglycerol and commercial triglycerol in the synthesis of long chain esters obtained from esterification and transesterification reactions with oleic acid, methyl oleate, and epoxidized methyl oleate. Diglycerol tetraoleate (DGMO), epoxidized diglycerol tetraoleate (DGEMO), and triglycerol pentaoleate (TGOA) were synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Polyglycerol esters were evaluated for basic lubrication properties such as density, kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, melting point, and thermo‐oxidative stability. The ester that showed best thermo‐oxidative stability was DGEMO. In addition, the influence of esters synthesized as additives in a pure paraffinic oil lubricant was evaluated and the TGOA showed greater change in viscosity at 100 and 40°C and in melting point which was increased by 1.56°C.
Magnetically induced PSA composited CNT‐Fe3O4 ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Zhang Jie , Hao Shuai , Li Yanjie , Lu Chengbo , Rong Rong , Li Jinjing , Ni Jian , Chi Yanxia , Zhou Shujing
Published: June 2024

Based on the hydrophilicity of carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the paramagnetism of ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4), a CNT‐Fe3O4 nanocomplex was produced by in situ liquid phase synthesis and a magnetically induced polysulfone amide (PSA) composited CNT‐Fe3O4 ultrafiltration membrane was prepared using an immersion precipitation phase transformation with an inexpensive PSA fiber as the matrix. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were distributed evenly on the CNTs, and the obtained CNT‐Fe3O4 complex exhibited good magnetic properties. For the magnetically induced PSA composited CNT‐Fe3O4 ultrafiltration membrane, the water flux and retention rate under the magnetic field of 1450 Gs were 421.26 L/m2 h and 96.70%, respectively; porosity and pore size were 38.75% and 58.52 nm; contact angle was 39.48°; average tensile strength was 4.61 N/mm2; and weight retention rate reached 29.00% under heat treatment at 900°C. The water flux decreased by 5.40% and 39.33% after 3 weeks of acid and alkaline immersions, respectively. The inhibition zone diameter of Escherichia coli was 11 ± 0.24 mm, and that of Staphylococcus aureus was 11 ± 0.35 mm. The magnetically induced PSA composited CNT‐Fe3O4 ultrafiltration membrane demonstrated stronger electronegativity, smaller average roughness, higher flux recovery rate value, and lower irreversible flux recovery rate value.
Study on water tree resistance and self‐healing properties of multi‐monomer melt‐grafted polyethylene
Authors: Zhu Bo , He Shengkun , Sun Hao , Han Ximu
Published: June 2024

In order to suppress the damage of cable insulation caused by water tree structure formed by micro‐droplets at insulation defects in low density polyethylene (LDPE) materials under AC electric field. In this paper, the siloxane group is grafted onto LDPE by melt grafting method, and different content of comonomer styrene (St) is added to improve the grafting rate of siloxane group grafted polyethylene. The effect of St on the microscopic characteristics of LDPE grafted KH570 is studied. In order to verify the accuracy and timeliness of water tree self‐healing of grafted polymer insulation materials, the microstructure characteristics of LDPE ungrafted and grafted polymer samples are analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel content test, and differential scanning calorimeter. Second, the AC dielectric properties of LDPE ungrafted and grafted polymer samples are studied by AC breakdown experiment and space charge test. Finally, the water tree length, micropore defects, and self‐healing of the samples are observed by optical microscopy and polarization and depolarization current method, and the changes of chemical composition in the water tree area before and after aging are analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The principle and mechanism of repairing water tree defects with grafted monomers are explained. This paper not only combines the previous research results of self‐healing materials, but also provides a new method for the preparation process of LDPE grafted polymer, which has a good research prospect in practical application.
Enhancing dynamic viscoelastic performance of flax fiber/fly ash hollow cenosphere‐reinforced composites coated by in situ fabrication of ultrasonically synthesized nanotitanium dioxide
Authors: Wang Xiaomeng , Noman Muhammad Tayyab , Petrů Michal , Kang Guozheng
Published: June 2024

This study demonstrates a novel, single‐step, and low‐energy ultrasonic approach to fabricate lightweight, high‐performance flax fiber‐reinforced composites enhanced by nanotitanium dioxide coating and fly ash hollow cenospheres. This innovative approach leads to a remarkable 23% weight reduction compared with conventional composites, making it ideal for the applications demanding both lightweight and superior mechanical properties. Through dynamic mechanical testing, it is found that the composites' viscoelastic behavior, including storage modulus and damping factor, is significantly influenced by both frequency and temperature. By applying time–temperature superposition principles, the composite's dynamic properties are comprehensively characterized across a wider frequency range. A modified fractional calculus Huet–Sayegh model accurately captures the observed viscoelastic behavior. The combined effect of nanotitanium dioxide coating, which strengthens the fiber–matrix interface, and the inclusion of rigid fly ash hollow cenospheres results in significant improvements in both storage modulus (10% increase at room temperature) and peak loss factor (80% increase) compared with uncoated flax fiber‐reinforced composites. The nanocoating and cenospheres' rigid shells contribute to enhanced stiffness, while the cenospheres' hollow structure provides efficient energy dissipation mechanisms, leading to an improved damping performance. This ultrasonic approach offers a promising and sustainable method for synthesizing natural fiber nanocomposites with superior viscoelastic properties.
Evaluating the potential white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) swim pattern manipulation capabilities of the novel and noninvasive Shark Exclusion Barrier
Authors: O'Connell C. P. , Pezzano I. , Shandroff S. , Kim‐Suzuki K. , McGuigan H.
Published: June 2024

Even though the risk of a negative encounter with a large and potentially dangerous shark species (e.g. white sharks—Carcharodon carcharias) is exceedingly rare, some localities implement indiscriminate shark culls to minimize this risk.

Due to the negative ecological impact that these lethal shark control measures can have, the present study aimed to test a novel and eco‐friendly shark barrier system, known as the Shark Exclusion Barrier. The Shark Exclusion Barrier is a shark deterrent technology that is composed of a combination of interconnected and telescoping vertical barrier elements (i.e. the visual stimulus) and electromagnetic stimuli (e.g. electromagnets and Barium Ferrite (BaFe12O19) permanent magnets). Using this system, two separate C. carcharias swim pattern manipulation studies were conducted over the course of two research seasons.

In the first season (i.e. 2021), 9, 1‐h trials were conducted where 9–13 different C. carcharias interacted with the barrier.

In the second season (i.e. 2023), 35, 2‐h trials were conducted where 6–10 C. carcharias interacted with the barrier.

Throughout experimentation, C. carcharias exhibited a significantly greater entrance frequency (p < 0.05) and a significantly reduced pass around frequency (p < 0.05) towards the control region when compared to the Shark Exclusion Barrier region.

Furthermore, the barrier exhibited the ability to maintain its structural integrity during swells of ≥2.13 m, breaking waves of ≥1.52 m and a current of ≥1.12 m/s.

Due to the promising results, this technology warrants further investigation to determine if it is a plausible alternative to lethal culling measures.
Command filtered backstepping control of multiple transmission control protocol/active queue management networks with user datagram protocol flows
Authors: Nie Lei , Wang Meng , Yan Huaicheng , Li Zhichen , Tian Yongxiao
Published: June 2024

In this study, the congestion control problem for multiple transmission control protocol/active queue management (TCP/AQM) networks with user datagram protocol (UDP) flows is investigated. Taking the UDP stream as the unknown interference and the maximum interference is obtained by the minimax theorem. A novel control algorithm is designed for multi‐TCP/AQM networks through backstepping control and command filtered technology. Simulation studies are carried out to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Determination of oxidation rate constant for nodularin‐r, saxitoxin, dc‐saxitoxin, and neo‐saxitoxin with conventional water treatment plant oxidants and advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Maalouf Samar , Adams Craig , Hoppe‐Jones Christiane
Published: June 2024

The effectiveness of chemical oxidation depends on the type of cyanotoxins present in the water and varies with the water quality parameters. This study investigated four cyanotoxins to understand their reactions with conventional drinking water treatment plant oxidants and with advanced oxidation. Kinetic rate constants between saxitoxin, and two variants (dcSTX and neoSTX), and nodularin‐R with chlorine, monochloramine, permanganate, ozone, and hydroxyl radicals (UV‐H2O2) were developed under different pH and temperature conditions. Nodularin‐R kinetic rate constants were comparable to peer‐reviewed microcystin‐LR rate constants with reaction rates in the order of OH radicals > ozone >> chlorine > permanganate >> monochloramine. The speciation of saxitoxins with pH had a dominant effect on their reaction rates with the listed oxidants. Chlorine was the only oxidant effective for saxitoxins removal. The reaction rates of saxitoxins with OH radicals varied slightly with pH but were around two orders of magnitude less than microcystin‐LR's.
Recent advances in isatin‐based chemosensors: A comprehensive review
Authors: Khan Danish , Shaily
Published: June 2024

A comprehensive review presents an illuminating exploration of the vast potential of isatin, an easily accessible organic compound. This review is a valuable resource, offering a concise yet comprehensive account of the recent breakthroughs in isatin applications in medicinal chemistry, fluorescence sensing, and organic synthesis. Moreover, it dives into the exciting advancements in isatin‐based chemosensors, demonstrating their remarkable ability to detect and recognize diverse cations and anions with exceptional precision. Researchers and scientists in the fields of sensing and organic chemistry will find this review indispensable for sparking innovation and developing cutting‐edge technologies with significant real‐world impact.
A green micelle‐enhanced first derivative synchronous fluorescence approach for determination of donepezil HCl and trazodone HCl in their pure state, pharmaceutical dosage form and spiked human plasma
Authors: Abd El wahab Mennah M. , Saad Samar , Sheribah Zeinab A. , El‐Enany Nahed
Published: June 2024

The study's objective is to establish an eco‐friendly, sensitive and economical quantitative methodology for the concurrent analysis of donepezil HCl (DPZ) and trazodone HCl (TRZ) in raw materials, tablets and human plasma. The first derivative synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic (FDSFS) technique was applied at constant wavelength difference (∆λ = 120) for assessment of DPZ and TRZ at each other's zero‐crossing point at 279 nm and 297 nm, respectively. The submitted technique was validated in accordance with ICH Q2 R1 guidelines and the linearity of the standard calibration curve was observed over the concentration range of 10–500 ng/ml for DPZ and 20–1,000 ng/ml for TRZ. The detection limits (LOD) were found to be 2.65 and 5.4 ng/ml, and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 8.05 and 16.3 ng/ml for DPZ and TRZ, respectively. This technique was used further to quantify the studied medications in their laboratory‐prepared mixtures, commercial tablets and spiked plasma samples. The results obtained were not significantly different from those acquired from the comparison methods, indicating the high accuracy and precision of the proposed method. Furthermore, the ecological friendliness of the suggested method was evaluated and proven to be excellent using Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) evaluation tools.