bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O paradigma dualista da hanseníase controle ou eliminação: o período crítico de 2000 a 2005
Authors: Gonçalves Aguinaldo , Mantellini Glauca Gonçalves , Padovani Carlos Roberto
Published: October 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: Uma das realidades atuais da hanseníase a nível do coletivo consiste na ação simultânea deórgãos oficiais e organizações não governamentais seguindo eventualmente estratégias diferenciadas. A presente comunicação visa contribuir para com tal questão, revendo alguns aspectos marcantes de respectiva evolução contemporânea. MÉTODOS Aplicação das técnicas de revisão bibliográfica e análise textual, enquanto metodologias conteudísticas, a dados primários de acervo circunstancial de publicações específicas em circulação aberta. RESULTADOS Os desencontros sucessivos demarcados entre ambos os setores explicitam-se no referente ao objetivo a ser atingido pela luta contra a doença, se seu controle ou sua eliminação. CONCLUSÕES Novas perspectivas de ações conjuntas são buscadas agora quando, mais realisticamente, se retoma a prioridade do controle da endemia e se contemplam, de fato, seus determinantes sociais.
Deficiências e incapacidades por Hanseníase: Avaliação clínica e epidemiológica dos pacientes atendidos em um Centro de Referência Nacional do Brasil
Authors: Kil Anne Kelly Azevedo , Silvestre Caroline Marchesoti , Kaminice Lara Miranda , Quintino Lídia Batista , Lima Lorena Borges de , Paranhos Mariana Barbosa , Voss Themissa Helena , Cunha Ana Carolina Sousa Rodrigues da , Mainenti Deyse Alves Montalvão , Goulart Isabela Maria Bernardes
Published: October 2023

A classificação de incapacidades nos graus 0, 1 e 2 nos pacientes com hanseníase é usada como indicador da qualidade dos métodos preventivos e curativos da doença, entretanto, algumas deficiências e incapacidades não estão contempladas nesse sistema. Esta pesquisa realizou um levantamento de incapacidades decorrentes da hanseníase em um Centro de Referência  nacional do Brasil, por meio de estudo retrospectivo, com análise de prontuários de 318 pacientes atendidos no período de 2003 a 2008 e software específico. Houve predomínio de casos multibacilares (63%), de formas clínicas dimorfas-tuberculóides  (41,5%) e do sexo masculino (58,5%). Os nervos mais acometidos foram ulnar (22,3%), tibial (21,7%) e fibular (20,7%). Dos casos analisados, 41,5% apresentavam algum tipo de deficiência, sendo 81,1% multibacilar. Os sítios mais acometidos foram os pés (51,8%), seguidos pelas mãos (29%), olhos (10,9%) e nariz (8,3%). As deficiências mais comuns foram artelhos em martelo (2,8%) e lesões tróficas (2,5%) no pé; garra móvel (3,1%) e lesões tróficas (2,8%) na mão; madarose superciliar (2,8%) e perfuração do septo nasal (1,2%). Na alta houve diminuição do número pacientes com deficiências por sítio, exceto oculares, com aumento de 2,5%. Os resultados enfatizam a necessidade de promover assistência detalhada no atendimento realizado no SUS e de adequar os parâmetros utilizados no estadiamento dos pacientes, que atualmente omite alterações funcionais e estéticas dos sítios  orgânicos representativas de obstáculos à integração social. A reprodução desse tipo de estudo fornecerá subsídios para que a gestão do SUS desenvolva estratégias que tratem a hanseníase como doença crônica e incapacitante.
Quantificação dos níveis séricos de leptina na Hanseníase
Authors: Macedo Alexandre Casimiro de , Gigliotti Patrícia , Gameiro Jacy , Souza Vânia Nieto Brito de
Published: October 2023

A leptina é uma adipocina com semelhanças estruturais e funcionais às citocinas pró-inflamatórias, contribuindo para a diferenciação de células Th1, e parece estar envolvida na resposta imune a agentes infecciosos. Na hanseníase, doença infecciosa crônica causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, cujas manifestações clínicas dependem da resposta imune do hospedeiro, não há relatos sobre o papel da leptina. Neste estudo piloto foram quantificados os níveis séricos de leptina em pacientes recém-diagnosticados com as diferentes formas clínicas da doença, pacientes hansenianos em reação tipo 1 e 2, contatos de pacientes hansenianos e controles saudáveis (237 amostras de soros: 165 homens e 72 mulheres). No sexo masculino, as formas TT e BB apresentaram concentrações próximas àquelas observadas nos controles enquanto os grupos I, BT, BV, VV, reação do tipo 1 e 2 apresentaram médias inferiores à observada nos controles e contatos, sendo que nos BV e VV foram observados os menores níveis de leptina. No sexo feminino verificamos uma grande variação entre os valores observados nos diferentes grupos. O grupo BV apresentou níveis maiores de leptina enquanto os grupos I, TT, BT e BB apresentaram média próxima àquela observada nos contatos e controles. Pacientes do grupo VV e em reação tipo 1 e 2 apresentaram médias inferiores ao observado nos contatos e controles. As diferenças observadas tanto em homens quanto em mulheres não foram estatisticamente significantes. Em nossos achados há uma tendência a níveis mais baixos de leptina nas formas multibacilares, contudo, estes resultados não permitem associação desses níveis com qualquer forma clínica da hanseníase.
Hanseníase dimorfa com acometimento articular: dificuldades no diagnóstico
Authors: Fernandes Tânia Rita Moreno de Oliveira , Brandão Graziele Áquila , Espíndola Mariana Mercês Mesquita
Published: October 2023

A hanseníase é doença infecciosa granulomatosa crônica causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, um bacilo ácido-resistente com a sua predileção para afetar as áreas mais frias do corpo, como pele e nervos periféricos, o que torna o diagnóstico simples na maioria dos casos 1,2. No entanto, com base na resposta imune do paciente infectado, o envolvimento sistêmico pode ocorrer, principalmente nas formas multibacilares. Estes eventos são pouco encontrados, mas têm extrema relevância clínica devido à sua semelhança com doenças reumáticas 5, 6. Relata-se um caso de hanseníase confundida com artrite inespecífica em que o paciente apresentou inicialmente artralgia, edema das articulações, poliartrite e, finalmente, o aparecimento de lesões na pele. Em áreas endêmicas, os clínicos e reumatologistas deve sempre estar atentos sobre a hanseníase com essas manifestações iniciais.
Qualidade da atenção as pessoas com hanseníase na rede pública de saúde
Authors: Tomaleri Joan Pinton , Nardi Susilene Maria Tonelli , Fernandes Gislaine Buzzini , Pedro Heloisa da Silveira Paro , Paschoal Vânia Del’Arco , Faria Josimerci Ittavo Lamana
Published: October 2023

O estudo avaliou os serviços de saúde na assistência à Hanseníase a partir da percepção de todos os pacientes diagnosticados em um biênio em um município com baixa prevalência e incidência da doença de acordo com parâmetros da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Os entrevistados responderam a um questionário validado para o Brasil sobre a organização e o desempenho desses serviços. Destacam-se como fatores facilitadores: porta de entrada do serviço; vínculo com os profissionais e atuação profissional. Domínios que mesclaram pontos de satisfação e insatisfação entre os entrevistados: serviços prestados durante as consultas; falta de interesse pelas condições socioeconômicas do doente e de sua família; e participação da família no tratamento. Aspectos que foram consideradas dificultadores: iniciar o acesso ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento, falta de resolutividade dos profissionais quanto aos problemas gerais de saúde, que não relacionados à hanseníase e dificuldade no acesso às especialidades médicas, ausência de visitas domiciliares e orientação à comunidade com ações de educação em saúde.
Perfil dos beneficiários de pensão do estado de são paulo atingidos pela hanseníase: dados quantitativos e de prevenção de incapacidades
Authors: Silva Regina Célia Pinheiro da , Guisard Carmen Luiza Monteiro Paes , Metello Heleida Nobrega , Ferreira Maria Emília , Marzliak Mary Lise C. , Clemente Tânia Maria Guelpa
Published: October 2023

Trabalho originado do projeto de pesquisa da Divisão Técnica de Hanseníase da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo, intitulado “Perfil Epidemiológico Social das Pessoas com Hanseníase, Beneficiários de Pensão do Estado de São Paulo”. Teve como objetivo conhecer os beneficiários das leis e decretos-lei que dispõem sobre pensão vitalícia intransferível e/ou transferível em pacientes de hanseníase, com foco na situação clínica e qualidade de vida, através de um inquérito de saúde. Foram realizadas entrevistas, através de formulário, com 631 beneficiários cadastrados em maio de 2007 pela Coordenadoria de Regiões de Saúde; destes foram entrevistados 485 sujeitos. Os principais resultados mostram que: homens e mulheres se equivalem numericamente; 42% se encontra na faixa etária de 71 a 80 anos; e 27% residem na área do Departamento Regional de Saúde - DRS1-Capital. Quanto à renda mensal, 59% recebem de um a dois salários mínimos. Os viúvos são maioria (41,45%), sendo que 72,14% deles são do sexo feminino. Os analfabetos perfazem 21,44% sem diferença entre os sexos e o maior porcentual (47,22%) refere-se aos beneficiários que não completaram o ensino fundamental. O maior gasto mensal foi com alimentação (77,11%) e medicamentos (70,31%). Constatou-se ocorrência de incapacidades em torno de 88% nas mãos e nos pés, e em 63% nos olhos. Incapacidades Grau 1 foram mais frequentes nas mãos (13,69%), e com Grau 2 a sede mais acometida foi os pés (78,12%). Conclui-se que a pensão é essencial para atendimento das necessidades básicas dos beneficiários e compõe a renda familiar.
Percepções da doença e do tratamento pelos pacientes tratados de hanseniase residentes em Palmas-Tocantins
Authors: Souza Emyle Brito de , Neves Tiago Veloso , Diniz Ana Paula Mendes , Reis Izabella Barbosa , Valentim Isabele Martins , Rocha Elzirene Sousa Dias , Nobre Maria do Socorro , Castro José Gerley Díaz
Published: October 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer a vivência dos sujeitos que passam pela experiência do tratamento de hanseníase na cidade de Palmas-Tocantins. Para tanto, utilizou-se um método de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante roteiro semi-estruturado que continha a questão: “Gostaria de fazer algum comentário sobre a doença e o tratamento?” nos anos de 2011 e 2012. Participaram desse estudo 57 entrevistados que relataram sobre suas dores frente à doença e mudanças dos hábitos de vida. Comentaram ainda sobre os efeitos adversos dos medicamentos utilizados no tratamento, o desconhecimento da doença, a falta de apoio dos profissionais da saúde após o término do tratamento e o preconceito e vergonha que passaram. A partir da hanseníase entende-se a importância da dimensão psicossocial para o enfrentamento da doença, o sucesso do tratamento e das complicações implicadas. No trabalho descrito, percebem-se diferentes experiências e percepções dos pacientes que apontam o temor, a dúvida e a dor como constantes em seus tratamentos e depois deles.
Perfil clínico-epidemiológico da hanseníase no estado do Acre: estudo retrospectivo
Authors: Silva Marina de Souza , Silva Elsany Pereira da , Monteiro Fabíola Freire , Teles Stéfanie Ferreira
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: Descrever a situação epidemiológica da hanseníase no estado do Acre. Método: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa realizado no estado do Acre por meio do banco de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação no período de 2004-2012. Resultados: Foram registrados 2691 casos de hanseníase. 60,6% no sexo masculino, com idade maior que 15 anos (90,1%), cor parda (81,2%), ensino fundamental incompleto (55,9%), procedentes da zona rural (61,4%). 49% dos casos apresentaram forma clínica dimorfa, 80,2% grau de incapacidade zero no momento do diagnóstico. Em 2011 dos 2146 contatos registrados apenas 478 foram avaliados. Conclusão: Apesar do predomínio do grau de incapacidade física ser zero no momento do diagnóstico, a presença marcante da forma clínica dimorfa, o baixo percentual de busca ativa dos contactantes podem indicar manutenção da cadeia de transmissão e alta prevalência oculta da hanseníase, o que remete a uma dificuldade operacional dos serviços de saúde em realizar o diagnóstico precoce.
Qualidade de vida da pessoa tratada da hanseníase
Authors: Quaggio Cristina Maria da Paz , Virmond Marcos , Guimarães Heloísa Cristina Quatrini Carvalho Passos
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) de pessoas tratadas da hanseníase e moradores da área Social do Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima. Materiais e Métodos: A análise foi quantitativa realizada por estatística descritiva e aplicação do Teste Qui-quadrado, e qualitativa, com a Técnica em Grupo Focal. Resultados: A amostra foi de 36 moradores e o instrumento foi à versão abreviada do World Health Organization Quality Of Life (WHOQOL-bref), divididas em quatro domínios. Os resultados quanto à satisfação da QV foram avaliados quatro domínios: 1 físico, aborda a dor, tratamento médico, energia, locomoção, capacidade funcional e laboral o resultado foi de 33,3 a 52,7%; no 2 psicológico, abrange o sentido da vida, concentração, aparência física, satisfação consigo mesmo e sentimentos negativos, as respostas variaram de 33,3 a 68,3%; o 3, domínio das relações sociais, o resultado, variou de 47,2 a 68,3%; e por fim no domínio 4: meio ambiente, que fala sobre segurança, ambiente físico, dinheiro, informações, lazer, condições de moradia, meio de transporte e serviços de saúde, ficou entre 30,5 e 77,7%. Nos quatro domínios a maioria das questões foram estatisticamente significante para p< 0,05. Na técnica de entrevista em grupo focal foi confirmado o resultado obtido anteriormente. Conclusão: Embora os participantes do estudo tenham limitações físicas, a avaliação por meio do WHOQOL-bref e da entrevista em grupo focal foi boa. Surpreendendo os pesquisadores, que recomendam a aplicação de instrumentos de QV que possibilitará novas comparações com pessoas com perfil semelhante que vivam em outros Asilos Colônias.
Avaliação da prática do autocuidado domiciliar em hanseníase
Authors: Galan Noêmi Garcia de Almeida , Beluci Marli Luiz , Marciano Lucia Helena Soares Camargo , Ruiz Renata Bilion Prado , Oliveira Nagila Garcia Galan de , Bonini Ariane Gasparotto , Arakaki Fabio Ribeiro , Guimarães Gisele da Silva
Published: October 2023

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se indivíduos acometidos pela hanseníase realizavam adequadamente a prática do autocuidado e possíveis fatores interferentes. Trata-se de um estudo documental, observacional e descritivo de inquérito domiciliar. A amostra abrangeu todos os onze pacientes detectados durante um ano, em um município com 120.000 habitantes no interior do estado de SP. Foram coletados os dados clínicos e cuidados prescritos dos prontuários. A entrevista e a observação das práticas de autocuidado foram realizadas no domicílio. Foi solicitado aos participantes para identificarem os problemas decorrentes da doença, descreverem quais, como e quando faziam o autocuidado, o qual foi classificado como: realizado adequadamente, parcialmente ou não realizado. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (Nº 06/2007). Dos cinco que apresentavam grau 2 de incapacidades, três realizavam parcialmente e dois não realizavam o autocuidado. Demonstraram dificuldades em aceitar o comprometimento físico e de incorporar as práticas diárias por fatores multicausal, o mesmo aconteceu com aqueles com grau 1. A necessidade da manutenção do trabalho laboral, com exposição a traumas físicos e em período integral, pode levar a ocultação da doença, seja para si ou para a sociedade, e dificultar as ações de autocuidado, tanto pela falta de tempo quanto pela não aceitação da doença. O modelo paternalista, fragmentador e mecânico da assistência em saúde, sugere uma tendência à dependência dos serviços institucionais, desconstruindo a autonomia e a responsabilidade individual sobre seu estado de saúde, desmotivando as ações do autocuidado domiciliar.
Fisioterapia além da reabilitação física: reflexões sobre a humanização do cuidado no contexto da hanseníase na Amazônia
Authors: Lima João Paulo Menezes , Castro Aline Silva , Campos Jamylle Silva , Aviz Leonardo Breno do Nascimento de , Wu Shaumin Vasconcelos , Soeiro Ana Cristina Vidigal
Published: October 2023

A hanseníase é uma doença infecto contagiosa que provoca alterações neurológicas e dermatológicas que modificam de maneira significativa a vida do paciente, além disso, também geram muitas repercussões psicossociais. Com isso, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar a atuação da Fisioterapia na prevenção, tratamento e reabilitação do paciente com hanseníase. Trata-se de um estudo realizado na Unidade de Referência Especializada em Dermatologia Sanitária Dr. Marcelo Cândia, localizada na região metropolitana de Belém, tendo como público -alvo os usuários atendidos pela instituição que estavam em acompanhamento fisioterápico, assim como os fisioterapeutas que atuavam na instituição. Notou-se que a humanização em saúde, no contexto da hanseníase, demanda uma atitude ética transversal e não mais unidirecional, considerando a necessidade de interação entre os diversos atores envolvidos no processo terapêutico.
Maternal Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight Among Neonates Born at Thika Level 5 Hospital in Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Kenyanya Joyce Osebe , Kikuvi Gideon , Wanzala Peter , Nyagero Josephat
Published: October 2023

Purpose: To determine maternal factors associated with low birth weight among neonates born at Thika Level Five Hospital in Kiambu County, Kenya.

Methodology: Cross sectional convergent design was employed. The target group composed of mothers who delivered in the hospital during the study period (July-August, 2019). Census method was used to recruit participants for a quantitative study. Purposive sampling was used to select participants for FGDs and KIIs. Sample size was determined using the Cochran formula. Desired sample size was 210 mothers which was adjusted to 215 participants. Independent variables included: socio-demographic, socio-economic, socio-cultural, behavioral, and health of the mothers. Dependent variable was LBW which was classified further into LBW, very LBW, extremely LBW. (UNICEF, 2010). Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using Stata statistical version 14, logistic regression and NVivo version 14 respectively,

Findings: ≥35 years of mothers OR=13.67, p=0.018, CL [1.55-120.12] and the second born children OR=2.98; p=0.025; CL [1.15-7.73] were associated with the overall LBW. Secondary level education OR=0.35; p=0.03; CL [0.14-0.91] was a protection against LBW. Meru OR=17.429, p=0.016, CI [1.7162-176.991] and other tribes OR=10.479, p=0.048, CI [1.025-107.124] were associated with low birth weight. Hypertension OR=3.59; p=0.038; CL [0.14-0.91] and malaria (OR=51.250, p=0.005, CL [3.185-822.132]) were associated with very LBW. ANC-attendance (OR=0.068, p=0.37, CL [0.0055-0.845]) was a protection against extremely LBW OR= 0.07; p=0,037; CL [0.01-0.85].

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: ≥35 years of mothers are risk factors for low birth weight. Second child is at risk of being low birth weight. Neonates of Meru origin and other minority ethnic groups in Thika are at risk of being LBW. Secondary level education is a protection against low birth weight. Hypertension and malaria are risk factors for very low birth weight. ANC-attendance is a protection against extremely low birth weight. The County Government of Kiambu should develop suitable strategies of strengthening maternal and child services at level one.
Patrick Craig Walsh, Baltimore, United States
Authors: Nielsen Matthew E.
Published: October 2023

None.
El impacto del Design Thinking en la tecnología
Authors: López Asto Melvin Kevin , Vásquez Cerna Jair Joel , Mendoza de los Santos Alberto Carlos
Published: October 2023

En este artículo, exploramos el impacto del design thinking en la tecnología, tanto en el desarrollo de software como en el diseño de hardware. Los profesionales de la tecnología han adoptado este enfoque al diseñar interfaces de usuario, aplicaciones móviles y sitios web o plataformas web. Mediante la investigación y la empatía con los usuarios, se pueden identificar las fricciones y los puntos débiles en la experiencia del usuario y se pueden proponer soluciones centradas en el usuario que mejoren la usabilidad y la satisfacción general. En el desarrollo de software, el design thinking mejora la experiencia del usuario al crear aplicaciones y plataformas más intuitivas. Los resultados demostraron que la aplicación de este enfoque condujo a mejoras significativas en la usabilidad, la funcionalidad y la satisfacción general del usuario. Asimismo, en el diseño de hardware, el design thinking garantiza que los productos tecnológicos físicos sean estéticamente atractivos y funcionales. Los productos diseñados con este enfoque mostraron una combinación efectiva de estética y usabilidad, lo que resultó en una mayor aceptación por parte de los usuarios y una mejor experiencia general. La sinergia entre el design thinking y la tecnología impulsa la innovación centrada en el usuario, combinando la creatividad y el enfoque humano con las capacidades tecnológicas. Con iteración, experimentación y resolución de problemas complejos como elementos clave, el design thinking y la tecnología se complementan para crear soluciones tecnológicas significativas.
Role of Higher Education to Adjust the Impulse Eating-Buying Behavior. A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Perdigones Ana Belén , Gómez-Suárez Mónica
Published: October 2023

Individual traits as impulsivity, used as emotion regulation or reward, trigger the increased consumption of unhealthy food, which affects the academic performance. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of research published on impulsive eating and buying that helps enhance the higher education learning environments, to provide direction to the scientific knowledge to deliver a better understanding of impulsive actions and self-regulation. Three databases on literature related to the two terms from 1962 to June 2020, drawn from Scopus and WoS, were reviewed. The methodology is based on co-citation and cluster analysis, using two analytic tools: VOSviewer and CitNetExplorer. Main authors, keywords, affiliations, and sources on this research area are determined. Co-citation and coupling analysis show up a closer relationship between the two fields. As a result of clustering, six research streams are identified: (1) cognitive and trait influences on impulsiveness, (2) children and habits, (3) adolescents, (4) consumer behavior, (5) emotion control, and (6) personality and reward. Finally, a research agenda is proposed. The findings of this research highlight the importance of the role that education institutions are playing in order to promote healthy eating and access to healthy food consumption in their communities.
Higher Education governance and policy in Spain
Authors: Rubio Francisco , Llopis-Albert Carlos , Zeng Shouzhen , García-Hurtado Dayanis
Published: October 2023

The knowledge society of the 21st century is undergoing important changes in the field of information, communication, and globalization, which has led Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to play a leading role in its sustainable development, based on three fundamental pillars: social, economic, and environmental, which go beyond its traditional role based on training students to obtain a professional degree. The need to address these significant changes and improve the quality and efficiency of HEIs has led to a reassessment of their governance structures, which require a more agile governance system that includes professionalized management. The most recent analyses on governance agree that the current mechanisms and systems of participation and decision making must be modified to guarantee greater effectiveness, and an improvement in transparency and accountability with the aim of contributing to promoting the role of the university in society, highlighting its contribution to innovation, research, generation and transmission of knowledge, and fostering collaboration with the business environment to promote the socioeconomic development of the surrounding area. This article analyses the role of the governing bodies in Spanish universities, highlighting the challenges and threats, and providing critical insights that result in improved self-governance.
The Effect of Recycled CAD/CAM PEEK Fibers on the Transverse Strength of Repaired Acrylic Resin
Authors: Maha Kareem Jabbar  , Najwah Yousuf Hameed  , Rusul Khalid Mustafa
Published: October 2023

One of the significant advantages of Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is its ability to bond composite materials. This makes it a versatile material that can be used in a range of dental applications, including as a framework for fixed or removable dental prostheses. The aim of this study is to evaluate the transverse strength of heat-cured acrylic resin after reinforcing repaired material with recycled PEEK fibers obtained from a CAD/CAM machine. After milling, PEEK fibers were collected from the CAM machine. The size of the PEEK fibers was measured by utilizing a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); with the particle grit size being 200 µm. Thirty specimens were used and divided into three groups of heat-cured acrylic resins was evaluated. All specimens have been stored at 37°C prior to fracture, and specimens have been then repaired after fracture with an auto-polymerizing acrylic resin using Ivomet. Group A of heat-cured specimens was used as a (control group) and repaired with no additive to the self-cured acrylic repair materials. While group B has been repaired by self-cured acrylic reinforced with of 1%wt. PEEK fibers, group C has been repaired by self-cured acrylic reinforced with the addition of 2%wt. PEEK fiber. There is a difference between groups A and C; however, there is a significant difference at 0.05 when comparing with groups B and C. When compared to (1%wt. PEEK-fiber) and the control group, adding (2%wt. PEEK-fiber) improves the transverse strength of the repaired heat-cured acrylic resins.
Measuring and Analyzing the Reality of a Pivotal Application (the Educational Institution's Strategy and Governance and Management) According to the Iraqi Institutional Accreditation Standards: A Comparative Study
Authors: Apd Dhuha Razak , Ali Abdel Karim Al-Saffar  , Marwa Mustaph Al-Roubaie
Published: October 2023

The research aims to identify the possibility of measuring and analyzing the reality of the application of institutional accreditation standards in the two surveyed universities (Al-Karkh Science and Al-Farahidi Private University). The problem of the study is examining the applied reality of the axes of institutional accreditation in Iraqi public and private universities. Determining the gap between the actual performance of the two universities surveyed and a pivotal application (the strategy of the educational institution / governance and administration). The study aims to identify the applied reality of the axes of institutional accreditation in Iraqi public and private universities. Narrowing the gap, enhancing strengths and addressing weaknesses by measuring and diagnosing the gap between the actual reality of the performance of the two universities and the application of the pivotal Iraqi institutional accreditation. The checklists that were developed according to the paragraphs of the two axes (indicators), and the use of mathematical equations to analyze and collect the weights of these indicators, and to extract application percentages and gaps (24%, 24%) is lower than the Al-Farahidi Civil University, where the gap for the two axes (33%, 39%) was lower.
دراسة تجريبية لتأثير أهم العوامل الأساسية في استخلاص الزيت من بذور نخيل التمر
Authors: Asem Hassan Mohammed
Published: October 2023

يركز هذا البحث على دراسة تأثير العوامل الثلاثة الأكثر تأثيراً على استخلاص الزيت من مسحوق بذور نخيل التمر باستخدام جهاز السكسوليت (Soxhlet) المختبري الذي يتم فيه الحصول على أعلى محصول من الزيت. المتغيرات التي تمت دراستها هي نوع المذيب وحجم حبيبات مسحوق بذور التمر والمدة الزمنية للاستخلاص. على وفق لذلك، يمكن التأكيد على أن الهكسان هو أكثر المذيبات كفاءة التي يمكن أن تنتج أقصى عائد من الزيت المستخرج الذي كان بحدود 9 غرام لكل 100 غرام من مسحوق النوى الجاف. أيضًا، كانت أحجام حبيبات المسحوق الاقل من 0.5 ملم تعطي أقصى عائداً للزيت. أخيرًا، ثلاث ساعات من الاستخلاص هي أفضل مدة لاستخراج أعلى إنتاج للزيت.
Surgical Treatment of Hydatid Cyst of Lung; An Experience at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar
Authors: Khan Mohammad Abid , Aslam Viqar , Aslam Tahir
Published: October 2023

Objective: To evaluate the surgical treatment options for hydatid cyst and their outcomes.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical research.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2020.

Methodology: Patients diagnosed and treated for hydatid cyst with pulmonary echinococcosis and operated were included. Inhospital as well as hospital records of 180 patients including intact and complicated cysts ranging from 1-20cm in size that were extirpated and included. Patients diagnosed and treated for hydatid cyst having incomplete medical record and /or lost to follow up were excluded. SPSS version 25.0 was used for data analysis. Quantitative variables were reported using mean and standard deviation while qualitative variables through frequency and percentages. Independent students’ t-test and Fisher’s exact test was used for comparing between the surgical technique groups keeping p-value <0.05 as statistically significant.

Results: Mean age of patients was 38.59±12.51 years. Mean duration of hospital stay was 11.3±6.1 days. Mean pain on VAS postoperatively was 4.92±2.66. About 102(56.67%) of included patients were male while 78(43.33%) females. Cough was reported in 84(46.67%) of patients, chest pain in 103(57.22%), fever in 24(13.33%), purulent sputum in 31(17.22%), allergic reaction in 17(9.44%), hemoptysis in 4(2.22%) while 29(16.11%) were asymptomatic. About 58% of cases underwent cystotomy and capitonnage, 17% enucleation and capitonnage while 12% pericystectomy, 4% cystotomy and wedge resection and segmentectomy respectively, 3% lobectomy and pneumonectomy in 2% of cases.

Conclusion: Every surgical approach reported varied outcomes, however the best efficacy with least morbidity and mortality was observed in patients undergoing cystotomy and capitonnage.
Comparison of the Success Rate of External Dacryocystorhinostomy with Intramucosal Injection and Sponge Application of Mitomycin C to Circumosteal Mucosa
Authors: Khan Faisal Aziz , Niazi Shafaq Pervez , Hyder Mohammed Farooq
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare the success rate of external dacryocystorhinostomy with intramucosal injection and sponge application of Mitomycin C to circumosteal mucosa.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study
Place and Duration of Study: Eye Department, Combined Military Hospital, Jhelum Cantt Pakistan, from Feb 2019 to Dec 2021.Methodology: One hundred ten patients were selected and randomly allocated into two equal Groups labelled Group-A and Group-B. Group-A patients received 0.1ml of intramucosal injection of 0.02% Mitomycin C, and Group-B patients had 0.02% Mitomycin C applied with a sponge to the circumboreal mucosa. The result of DCR was evaluated at six months and declared successful if the patients were asymptomatic of epiphora and a patent lacrimal passage was found on probing and irrigation. Failure was defined as symptomatic epiphora along with regurgitation on probing and syringing. In failed cases, nasal endoscopy was performed along with probing.
Results: Success rates of external dacryocystorhinostomy in the Intramucosal Injection Group was 96%, and in the Sponge Application Group, it was 92%. A comparison of both techniques depicted a statistically insignificant difference in success rate (p=0.60).Conclusion: Mitomycin C use as an adjunctive agent during external dacryocystorhinostomy is a safe and effective technique in achieving a high rate of success, and the route of application, whether applied topically or injected intramucosal does not significantly affect the outcome of this procedure.
Transforming Healthcare with Artificial Intelligence in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Laraib Umer  , Muhammad Hashim Khan  , Yasar Ayaz
Published: October 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare globally, including in Pakistan. This research journal paper provides an overview of the role and significance of AI in healthcare, ethical considerations, regulatory frameworks, challenges faced byAI healthcare startups, and the current landscape of AI adoption in Pakistan's healthcare system. AI has the potential to revolutionize disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment by leveraging large healthcare datasets, advanced computational power, and machine learning algorithms. It improves patient outcomes, enhances clinical decision-making, and optimizes healthcare delivery. Globally, AI applications in healthcare encompass medical imaging, clinical decision support, drug discovery, genomics, and remote patient monitoring. AI algorithms accurately diagnose various medical conditions, predict treatment responses, and identify therapeutic targets. Successful AI implementations include combating antimicrobial resistance and improving pediatric healthcare. Ethical considerations in AI healthcare involve bias mitigation, privacy, transparency, and the role of healthcare professionals in shared decision-making. Regulatory frameworks and guidelines are being developed worldwide to ensure safe and responsible AI implementation. Quality criteria for AI-based prediction models focus on performance, interpretability, generalizability, and robustness. Legal and ethical considerations encompass liability, accountability, and the principles of beneficence, autonomy, and justice. In Pakistan, the integration of AI in healthcare can address challenges like limited resources and uneven distribution of healthcare facilities. AI technologies can analyze medical data, diagnose disease outcomes, and personalize treatment plans.
Hepatitis B & C Among Patients of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and its Association with Pathological Factors
Authors: Memon Paras , Haider Ghulam , Shaikh Mehwish Roshan , Bhunisha  , Rahul Raja , Beg Shumaila
Published: October 2023

Objective: To see the frequency of hepatitis B and C virus among patients presenting with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and to see its association with pathological factors in Pakistani population.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of the study: Department of Medical oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi Pakistan, from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020.
Methodology: Total 251 patients of age more than 15 years of either gender with proven diagnosis of non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma were enrolled in the study. The sample of blood (15 ml) of each participants was taken and sent to laboratory for detection of virus. The HBsAg and HCV antibodies were detected using 3rd generation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The cut-off set for HBsAg as 2.0 and for HCV as 1.0 in the laboratory, respectively. The information regarding socio-demographics, comorbidities, risk factors and clinicopathological features were noted on pre-designed proforma.
Results: Out of 251 patients with non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, 8.8% had hepatitis and 4% had hepatitis B No statistically significant association was found for prevalence of hepatitis B and C with respect to stage (p=0.791 and 0.299), histological type (p=0.165 and 0.398), bone marrow involvement (p=0.692 and 0.163) and site of tumor (p=0.067 and 0.116).
Conclusion: The substantial proportion of hepatitis B and C in the current study provides epidemiological evidence that such infection may play a role in NHL growth.
Efficacy Of Intravitreal Bevacizumab in the Treatment of Vitreous Hemorrhage Secondary to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Omer Farooq  , Jabbar Bushra , Asad Habib  , Ubaidullah Yasin  , Najia Ahmed  , Fazla Younis
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab in the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Sep 2018 to Feb 2019.
Methodology: The study included 131 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy who presented with vitreous hemorrhage. Vitreous hemorrhage was graded into mild-moderate or severe. Patients were randomized into two groups: the bevacizumab group was treated with three intravitreal injections of bevacizumab given on monthly intervals and the control group which was observed. Vitrectomy was performed if the patient had non resolving hemorrhage by four months or developed tractional retinal detachment during study period.
Results: Mean age of patients was 51.8±7.4 and 52.6±6.7 in treatment and control group respectively. Percentage of patients with vision of less than 6/60 in treatment group reduced from (58.7%) at baseline to (33%) at 4 months. Patients with mild to moderate VH who were subjected to intravitreal bevacizumab had significantly less chance of undergoing PPV at 4 months (4.76%) as compared with control group (20%). Improvement in visual acuity was also statistically significant at 4 months (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Intravitreal bevacizumab can be effective in diabetic retinopathy related mild to moderate vitreous hemorrhage in terms of improving the vision, reducing the rate of requirement for vitrectomy and completing panretinal laser photocoagulation
Off-Label Fortified Antibiotic Therapy as a Standard Regimen for Infective Ophthalmic Pathologies and Real-Time Challenges
Authors: Khan Taimoor Ashraf , Rauf Abdul , Bhatti Saad Hassan , Janjua Teyyeb Azeem , Shahid Muhammad , Mukhtar Muhammad Ahsan
Published: October 2023

Over time fortified antibiotics have become the therapy of choice for sight-threatening infective ocular pathologies as compared to commercially available low-concentration antibiotics. However, there are multiple challenges to their use. These include preparation under inadequate clinical settings with improperly trained staff, non-availability of designated vehicle systems and storing medicine at extremes of temperatures - facilities for which are not available everywhere. Furthermore, cost of these fortified antibiotics, poor patient compliance and an increased risk of infection question their main stream use. Lastly, an ever-growing problem of the rise of "superbugs" as a result of the injudicious use of these antibiotics along with unnecessary drug waste which contributes to climate change raises question regarding their long-term viability and necessity for treating sight-threatening ocular pathologies
Processos avaliativos em tempos de pandemia: métodos, instrumentos e as novas tecnologias.
Authors: Teixeira Joana Célia , Carvalho Luiza de Marilak Cunha , Matos Maria Márcia Cruz de , Maciel Alessandra de Oliveira
Published: October 2023

O artigo apresenta um levantamento sobre o processo avaliativo em tempos de pandemia, no qual se enfatiza os métodos e instrumentos utilizados no período, para que as práticas desenvolvidas tivessem resultados positivos, destaca o uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) educacionais e o impacto delas nas práticas educativas. Tem como objetivo verificar quais processos avaliativos foi utilizado no ensino remoto, durante a pandemia, com ênfase, nos instrumentos e métodos aplicados. A pesquisa traz como principal questionamento: os métodos e instrumentos avaliativos aplicados nos tempos de pandemia foram eficazes e atingiram os objetivos de ensino? Além de ser um estudo bibliográfico, de natureza qualitativa, com fundamentação teórica baseada em diferentes autores. A pesquisa permite entender, de modo específico, os métodos e instrumentos de avaliação utilizados nos tempos de Pandemia de Coronavírus (COVID-19) durante os anos letivos de 2020 e 2021 dentro de um sistema educacional com o ensino remoto.
Metaverso y economías virtuales: una propuesta de registro contable para el patrimonio digital de las empresas
Authors: Guzmán Raja Isidoro , Guzmán Raja Manuela
Published: October 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido el 1.er Premio «Estudios Financieros» 2023 en la modalidad de Contabilidad y Administración de Empresas.
El presente estudio analiza el concepto de metaverso como realidad virtual emergente desde el punto de vista económico y contable, puesto que en los últimos tiempos se viene vislumbrando que será un medio utilizado por las empresas para desarrollar sus negocios, tal como lo evidencian las importantes cifras de recursos que se vienen destinando a este nuevo ecosistema digital, que actualmente se cifran en 500.000 millones de euros, y cuya puesta en marcha se espera en un plazo de tiempo que no se atisba demasiado largo.
Tras el análisis inicial del concepto de metaverso y sus principales características, desde la parcela económica se abordan los principales bastiones en los que se apoya dicha realidad virtual, como la tecnología de registros distribuidos o tecnología DLT, cuyo principal exponente es blockchain, así como la tokenización de activos en el contexto tecnológico citado, evaluándose posteriormente los distintos tipos de activo digitales o criptoactivos actualmente generados en los entornos metaversianos, a fin de dar respuesta a la problemática de su registro contable, dada la escasa y difusa normativa actualmente publicada al efecto, que mayoritariamente se encuentra en fase de borrador y consulta, y que hasta ahora no termina de dar respuesta cualificada a esta nueva realidad que afecta al patrimonio de las empresas.
ԱՐԱ ԱԼՈՅԱՆԻ ՊՈԵԶԻԱՅԻ ՊԱՏԿԵՐԱՎՈՐՄԱՆ ՀԱՄԱԿԱՐԳԸ / IMAGERY SYSTEM IN ARA ALOYAN'S POETRY
Authors: GEVORGYAN LILIT
Published: October 2023

The paper aims to study the imagery system of the poetry of modern poet, journalist, publicist Ara Aloyan. Since the language of fiction is considered as an important link in the chain of the development of the national language, the study of the individual style of modern authors continues to be one of the main issues in linguistics and stylistics. In the article, we dwell upon one of the positive characteristics of A. Aloyan's poetic speech: figurativeness, as a tool for the writer's personality expression.
Association of metformin use with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Kozlowski Michael R.
Published: October 2023

Background: The association between metformin use and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk has been explored. Studies have shown a positive association, no association, or ambiguous results. The aim of this narrative review is to compile these divergent findings, and thereby, better assess the potential of metformin use in reducing the AMD risk.

Methods: Studies were extracted in two ways. First, a standard Google Scholar™ search was performed using the keywords “metformin” AND “macular degeneration” without language or time restrictions. The full texts of relevant articles identified in this search were retrieved and assessed, and articles of peer-reviewed original studies and meta-analyses were included. Second, the reference lists of the included articles were used to identify additional articles that satisfied the search algorithm and included in this review.

Results: Of the 12 studies included in this review, eight showed a positive correlation between metformin use and a reduced AMD risk, while one showed no association. Of the eight positive studies, seven were retrospective. Apart from the design, the studies were also diverse. The number of participants in each study ranged from over 300 to 30 million person-years. The study populations included those with type 2 diabetes mellitus, those with AMD, and those without either. The study locations were the United States, Europe, and Asia. The ambiguous or negative results from four studies could largely be rationalized based on the confounding factor of study design.

Conclusions: Most studies examined in this review demonstrated a positive association between metformin use and a reduced AMD risk. Studies not reporting such an association did not definitively demonstrate its absence. Overall, the studies reviewed herein support further clinical investigation of metformin as a prophylactic and potential treatment modality for AMD. Further randomized clinical trials with reasonably longer follow-up periods are necessary to determine the generalizability of the findings of studies reporting positive results.
Nature and Craftsmanship in Our Ancient Poetry from Criticism Perspective, in the Past and Present
Authors: Hussain Mohammed Abdulqadir
Published: October 2023

The issue of printing and craft is one of the ancient critical and rhetorical concepts, which accompanied the process of poetic creativity and tried to define its features and control its foundations, besides, it became the means and purpose of criticism in judging poetry in terms of quality and mediocrity in distinguishing the good poet from the other. This issue had a special place among ancient critics and modernists. Each of these critics had a special point of view on the issue. These critics tried to find criteria for criticism of poetry, so they called the printed one who came with easy poetry free from education and workmanship, that is, the one who comes free from the mind without trouble and fatigue in poetic language. There were many studies that referred to that issue, but it remained dissonant and brief, and did not reach the desired goal. While looking at the ancient and modern critical books, we note that they dealt with this issue in all brevity, and among these books, Al-Omda by Ibn Rashiq, Al-Bayan and Al-Tibween by Al-Jahiz, and the characteristics by Ibn Jinni. , and given the importance of this topic in ancient and modern Arabic criticism, knowing good poetry from other, and distinguishing poets among them, my choice fell on this topic, i.e. printing and workmanship from the perspective of ancient and modern criticism, and I relied on the historical method in writing the research. The research is divided into an introduction, and two other sections, and in each topic, the preface talked about the concept of the issue and the definition of printing and craft, linguistically and idiomatically. In the first section, I dealt with the most important opinions of the old critics in printing and craftsmanship, namely Al-Asma'i, Al-Jahiz, Ibn Qutaiba, Al-Amdi, Abu Hilal, and Ibn Rashiq, and how the opinions differed among some and were similar to others. As for the second section: I tried to list some of the opinions of the modernists and their objections to the issue, among them Shawqi Dhaif, who believes that the doctrine of craftsmanship depends on elegance in artistic expression and tendency to decoration, and Mustafa Sadiq al-Rafi’i and how he tries to differentiate between two types of craftsmanship, that is, poetic craft among the pre-Islamic and craftsmanship at both births, and the opinion of Muhammad Mustafa, and Ahmad Badawi, as well as concluded the research with a number of results.
The Effect of Preceding and Delaying in Formulating Andalusian Poetic Paradox - The Sixth Century AH as a Model
Authors: Habib Ahmed Rafi Bedewi , Al-Gherairy Latif Mahmoud Muhammad
Published: October 2023

This research aims to monitor the impact of introduction and delay in formulating the Andalusian poetic paradox in the sixth century AH, and to show the semantic and aesthetic dimensions that characterized the poets' poetic experience according to an inductive approach. This artistic technique highlighted the visionary dimension in the text, which makes the reader interact with it well. This method appeared in various forms that contributed to strengthening the text and renewing it because of the elusiveness and shaping of the meaning it allows, the most prominent of which are: presenting the predicate over the subject, presenting the object over the subject, and presenting the preposition and the accusative over the predicate.