bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAMPAK PERUBAHAN FUNGSI KAWASAN DAN POLA ADAPTASI MASYARAKATNYA DI KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR
Authors: WP Moch Andri
Published: February 2019

Sejak awal tahun 1980-an, investasi-investasi di bidang perkebunan kelapa sawit memang sudah mulai dikenalkan dan digalakkan oleh pemerintah. Bahkan jauh sebelum itu, yaitu sejak tahun 1970an. Namun upaya pengembangannya yang signifikan justru baru dimulai sejak berakhirnya era pengusahaan hutan. Baik itu yang dilakukan secara legal maupun ilegal. Terutama setelah adanya larangan dan penertiban aktivitas-aktivitas pengusahaan hutan. Tulisan ini sendiri bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak peralihan fungsi kawasan dan pola-pola adaptasi masyarakat di Kotawaringin Timur. Terutama sekali pada saat hak pengusahaan hutan masih marak terjadi, hingga hadirnya perluasan-perluasan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Pendekatan dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu pendekatan makro dan mikro. Pendekatan makro lebih menekankan pada telaah struktur dan institusi sosial yang ada di masyarakat. Sementara pendekatan mikro lebih menekankan pada orientasi teoritis dari adaptasi, yaitu sejarah dan evolusi budaya. Secara umum, pendekatan ini bertujuan untuk memahami kondisi masa lalu ketika pengusahaan hutan masih marak terjadi, perubahan fungsi-fungsi sosial ekonomi dan budaya sebagai akibat dari pengembangan perkebunan dan pola-pola adaptasi yang dilakukan masyarakat.
KEMISKINAN MASYARAKAT NELAYAN DI DESA AENG BATU-BATU KABUPATEN TAKALAR SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Suryaningsi Tini
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang kemiskinan pada masyarakat nelayan yang berada di Desa Aeng Batu-batu, Kecamatan Galesong Utara, Kabupaten Takalar tahun 2016. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara, pengamatan, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemiskinan nelayan disebabkan oleh kurangnya keberpihakan dari pemerintah terhadap kehidupan nelayan di Desa Aeng Batu-batu. Program pemerintah belum menyentuh seluruh lapisan masyarakat miskin karena kurangnya informasi tentang budaya masyarakatnya. Hal tersebut menyebabkan hanya segolongan masyarakat saja yang merasakan program pemerintah dalam rangka pengentasan kemiskinan. Selain itu, masyarakat nelayan di Desa Aeng Batu-batu memiliki budaya perilaku di mana keadaan yang terjadi dalam kehidupan mereka dianggap sebagai sebuah takdir sehingga hanya bisa bersikap pasrah. Masyarakat nelayan beranggapan bahwa rezeki yang banyak diperoleh merupakan suatu kesempatan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka yang tertunda tanpa menyisihkan pendapatan yang diperoleh untuk kebutuhan yang sifatnya mendadak.
PERDAGANGAN LADA DI JAMBI ABAD XVI-XVIII
Authors: Arman Dedi
Published: February 2019

Naskah ini membahas tentang perdagangan lada Jambi yang meliputi wilayah produksi, produksi, transportasi, pemasaran dari hulu ke hilir dan aktor-aktor yang terlibat dari keseluruhan perdagangan. Jalur perdagangan dibagi dua, Pertama, dari daerah produksi di hulu dibawa ke hilir (Pelabuhan Jambi). Kedua, dari hulu melalui jalur alternatif ke Muaro Tebo menuju Selat Malaka melalui Indragiri dan Kuala Tungkal. Adapun pelaku perdagangan melibatkan produsen utama lada di Jambi. Produsen lada, petani Minangkabau yang tinggal di sepanjang Sungai Batanghari, dan pedagang adalah Portugis, Cina, Belanda, dan Inggris, maupun sultan dan bangsawan Jambi. Masa kejayaan perdagangan lada Jambi tidak bertahan lama karena petani lada beralih menanam komoditas lain, seperti padi dan kapas terlebih ketika harga lada anjlok di pasaran dunia.
DUALITAS STIGMATISASI JANDA: REALITAS MASYARAKAT MINANGKABAU YANG MENDUA
Authors: Jelly Jelly
Published: February 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap salah satu wujud dari dualisme yang merupakan fakta dalam sistem sosial masyarakat Minangkabau. Dualisme yang mulanya diistilahkan Saanin pada 1989 sebagai gambaran upaya masyarakat Minangkabau untuk menyeimbangkan agama dan adat ternyata muncul dalam sikap dualitas masyarakat ketika menghadapi berbagai situasi dan kondisi. Pada tulisan ini, peneliti mencoba melihat sikap dualitas masyarakat Minangkabau melalui stigmatisasi terhadap janda. Pandangan dan sikap yang mendua ini nampak dari stigma-stigma yang dibangun terhadap janda. Contohnya, masyarakat menganggap bahwa janda indak pandai balaki, tetapi disisi lain ia dianggap kancang ka laki-laki. Alat yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah konsep dualitas. Melalui analisis dualisme terhadap stigma mengenai janda, peneliti menemukan bahwa masyarakat Minangkabau menerapkan sistem dualitas dalam kehidupannya.
KAJIAN DESAIN PENATAAN DAERAH BIDANG KEUANGAN DI PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Simangunsong Fernandes
Published: February 2019

AbstrakDalam rangka untuk menyusun atau melakukan penataan kembali daerah otonom di Papua Barat diperlukan sebuah desain penataan daerah melalui pengkajian yang komprehensif untuk dijadikan dasar bagi penataan daerah. Salah satu perspektif yang menjadi pertimbangan dalam penataan daerah adalah kemampuan keuangan daerah. Untuk menghasilkan desain penataan daerah dari segi kemampuan keuangan daerah ini, kajian ini akan membahas penataan daerah di bidang keuangan daerah dengan menggunakan 3 pendekatan, yaitu Pendekatan Kemampuan Keuangan Berdasarkan PP No. 78 Tahun 2007, Pendekatan Peta Kapasitas Fiskal Daerah, dan Pendekatan Indikator Kondisi Keuangan DaerahKata kunci: desain, keuangan daerah, penataan daerah
DESENTRALISASI ASIMETRIK DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN PERBATASAN NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAHAN (SUATU KAJIAN PADA KAWASAN PULAU SEBATIK KABUPATEN NUNUKAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN UTARA)
Authors: RUSFIANA YUDI
Published: February 2019

AbstrakPengembangan kawasan perbatasan negara telah lama menjadi prioritas program pemerintah sebagaimana tertuang dalam RPJMN sejak tahun 2005, dan menjadi bahan diskusi dan riset yang aktual bagi para ilmuwan dan peneliti. Namun kenyataannya pada kontek pengembangan kawasan terkait dengan efektivitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan; rentang kendali dan akuntabilitas publik masih menyisakan persolan yang belum tersolusikan secara kongkret, Tulisan ini mencoba memfokuskan masalah kepada berbagai persoalan terkait dengan bagaimana penyelenggaraan pemerintahan; rentangkendali dan akuntabilitas publik serta mencoba menawarkan solusi kebijakan melalui penerapan model asimetrik dirasakan menjadi peluang dalam pengembangan kepemerintahan di kawasan perbatasan negara dan menjadi pola pikir pengambilan kebijakan terkait hubungan pusat daerah yang bukan bersifat reaktif karena tuntutan daerah untuk pembentukan daerah otonomi baru atau sejenis otoritaKata Kunci: Desentralisasi Asimetrik; Pengembangan Kawasan Perbatasan; Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan.
THE IDENTIFICATION FACTORS OF POOR PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIAN CIVIL STATE APPARATUS
Authors: Syafri Wirman
Published: February 2019

The crucial issues face by Jokowi – JK  Administration is the poor performance of Indonesian civil state apparatus. The main objective of this research is to identify the main factors that lead to hamper the Indonesian civil state apparatus performance and to suggest recommendation on how to overcome the problem. Data is gathered from responses of selected informants through an interviewed and data analysis by triangulation analysis. The research finding the authority arrogance, intervention from others parties and managerial inability as a main factor of poor performance of Indonesian civil servant. This research highlights the importance of having strong commitment of manager, individual readiness, a good collaboration (solid team work) and independence of the state apparatus commission as a way out to overcome the problemKeyword: reform, performance,  state apparatus
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN SYARIAT ISLAM DI KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH PROVINSI ACEH (Studi Kasus Penerapan Qanun Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat)
Authors: Ade Clara Hanivy , Sumaryadi I Nyoman , Irwan Tahir M.
Published: February 2019

The Constitution Number 44 of 1999 concerning the Implementation of the Privileges of the Special Region of Aceh Province which defines Islamic Sharia as a demand for Islamic teachings in all aspects of life and Law Number 18 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy in Aceh. Which is the basis for the implementation of the decisions of the Regional Government in general, in particular those that apply in Aceh are called Qanun. Qanun Number 6 of 2014 concerning Jinayat Law in its implementation is still not in accordance with the rules and has not answered the objectives of the policy. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the factors that influence the enforcement of Islamic law especially in the implementation of Qanun No. 6 of 2014 concerning Jinayat Law.Also to find out the strategies that can be done by the Central Aceh District Government so that the implementation of the Qanun is going well.The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a case study approach. This method is carried out through observation to obtain information about a problem,then to get an overview of an object of research. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, interviews and documentation. In this study, the authors used policy implementation theories from Van Meter and Van Horn (1975) and Bryson's strategy theory (1999).The results of the study show that the implementation of Islamic Sharia policy, especially in the application of Jinayat Law is not optimal yet.the problems faced were limited PPNS personnel to Satpol PP and WH, lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure, lack of budget allocation, lack of intense socialization to the public, and what needed to be done was to equip supporting facilities and operational activities and to disseminate them to public places, schools and so on.
Genomic Selection in Cereal Breeding
Authors: Robertsen Charlotte D. , Hjortshøj Rasmus L. , Janss Luc L.
Published: February 2019

Genomic Selection (GS) is a method in plant breeding to predict the genetic value of untested lines based on genome-wide marker data. The method has been widely explored with simulated data and also in real plant breeding programs. However, the optimal strategy and stage for implementation of GS in a plant-breeding program is still uncertain. The accuracy of GS has proven to be affected by the data used in the GS model, including size of the training population, relationships between individuals, marker density, and use of pedigree information. GS is commonly used to predict the additive genetic value of a line, whereas non-additive genetics are often disregarded. In this review, we provide a background knowledge on genomic prediction models used for GS and a view on important considerations concerning data used in these models. We compare within- and across-breeding cycle strategies for implementation of GS in cereal breeding and possibilities for using GS to select untested lines as parents. We further discuss the difference of estimating additive and non-additive genetic values and its usefulness to either select new parents, or new candidate varieties.
Szarvasi-1 and Its Potential to Become a Substitute for Maize Which Is Grown for the Purposes of Biogas Plants in the Czech Republic
Authors: Bernas Jaroslav , Moudrý Jan , Kopecký Marek , Konvalina Petr , Štěrba Zdeněk
Published: February 2019

The domestic biogas market has been developing rapidly, and legislation (The Act) supporting the use of renewable energy sources has come into force. In light of this act and investment support from national programs co-financed by the European Union (EU), the total number of biogas plants has recently increased from a few to 600. The total capacity of electricity generation of those 600 installed plants exceeds 360 Megawatts (MW) (as of mid-2018). Such dynamic growth is expected to continue, and the targets of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan are projected to be met. The use of waste material, which was urgently needed, was the original aim of biogas plants. However, in certain cases, the original purpose has transformed, and phytomass is very often derived from purpose-grown energy crops. Maize is the most common and widely grown energy crop in the Czech Republic. Nevertheless, maize production raises several environmental issues. One way to potentially reduce maize’s harmful effects is to replace it with other suitable crops. Perennial energy crops, for example, are possible alternatives to maize. A newly introduced species for the conditions of the Czech Republic, Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus cv. Szarvasi-1, and some other well-known species—Phalaris arundinacea L. and Miscanthus × giganteus—are suitable for Czech Republic climate conditions. This paper presents the findings of the research and evaluation of environmental, energy-related, and economic aspects of growing these crops for use in biogas plants. These findings are based on 5-year small-plot field trials. The energy-related aspects of producing Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus cv. Szarvasi-1, Phalaris arundinacea L., and Miscanthus x giganteus are reported on the basis of experiments that included measuring the real methane yield from a production unit. The economic analysis is based on a model of every single growing and technological operation and costs. The environmental burden of the individual growing methods was assessed with a simplified life cycle assessment (LCA) using the impact category of Climate Change and the SimaPro 8.5.2.0 software tool, including an integrated method called ReCiPe. The research findings show that Szarvasi-1 produces 5.7–6.7 Euros (EUR) per Gigajoule (GJ) of energy, depending on the growing technology used. Szarvasi-1 generates an average energy profit of 101.4 GJ ha−1, which is half of that produced by maize (214.1 GJ ha−1). The environmental burden per energy unit of maize amounts to 16 kg of carbon dioxide eq GJ−1 compared with the environmental burden per energy unit of Szarvasi-1, which amounts to 7.2–15.6 kg of CO2 eq GJ−1, depending on the yield rate. On the basis of the above-mentioned yield rate of Szarvasi-1, it cannot be definitively recommended for the purpose of biogas plants in the Czech Republic.
Preferential Identification of Agonistic OX40 Antibodies by Using Cell Lysate to Pan Natively Paired, Humanized Mouse-Derived Yeast Surface Display Libraries
Authors: Medina-Cucurella Angélica V. , Mizrahi Rena A. , Asensio Michael A. , Edgar Robert C. , Leong Jackson , Leong Renee , Lim Yoong Wearn , Nelson Ayla , Niedecken Ariel R. , Simons Jan Fredrik , Spindler Matthew J. , Stadtmiller Kacy , Wayham Nicholas , Adler Adam S. , Johnson David S.
Published: February 2019

To discover therapeutically relevant antibody candidates, many groups use mouse immunization followed by hybridoma generation or B cell screening. One modern approach is to screen B cells by generating natively paired single chain variable fragment (scFv) display libraries in yeast. Such methods typically rely on soluble antigens for scFv library screening. However, many therapeutically relevant cell-surface targets are difficult to express in a soluble protein format, complicating discovery. In this study, we developed methods to screen humanized mouse-derived yeast scFv libraries using recombinant OX40 protein in cell lysate. We used deep sequencing to compare screening with cell lysate to screening with soluble OX40 protein, in the context of mouse immunizations using either soluble OX40 or OX40-expressing cells and OX40-encoding DNA vector. We found that all tested methods produce a unique diversity of scFv binders. However, when we reformatted forty-one of these scFv as full-length monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we observed that mAbs identified using soluble antigen immunization with cell lysate sorting always bound cell surface OX40, whereas other methods had significant false positive rates. Antibodies identified using soluble antigen immunization and cell lysate sorting were also significantly more likely to activate OX40 in a cellular assay. Our data suggest that sorting with OX40 protein in cell lysate is more likely than other methods to retain the epitopes required for antibody-mediated OX40 agonism.
Metallic Nanoparticles Obtained via “Green” Synthesis as a Platform for Biosensor Construction
Authors: Gayda Galina Z. , Demkiv Olha M. , Stasyuk Nataliya Ye. , Serkiz Roman Ya. , Lootsik Maksym D. , Errachid Abdelhamid , Gonchar Mykhailo V. , Nisnevitch Marina
Published: February 2019

Novel nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles obtained via green synthesis (gNPs), have a great potential for application in biotechnology, industry and medicine. The special role of gNPs is related to antibacterial agents, fluorescent markers and carriers for drug delivery. However, application of gNPs for construction of amperometric biosensors (ABSs) is not well documented. The aim of the current research was to study potential advantages of using gNPs in biosensorics. The extracellular metabolites of the yeast Ogataea polymorpha were used as reducing agents for obtaining gNPs from the corresponding inorganic ions. Several gNPs were synthesized, characterized and tested as enzyme carriers on the surface of graphite electrodes (GEs). The most effective were Pd-based gNPs (gPdNPs), and these were studied further and applied for construction of laccase- and alcohol oxidase (AO)-based ABSs. AO/GE, AO-gPdNPs/GE, laccase/GE and laccase-gPdNPs/GE were obtained, and their analytical characteristics were studied. Both gPdNPs-modified ABSs were found to have broader linear ranges and higher storage stabilities than control electrodes, although they are less sensitive toward corresponding substrates. We thus conclude that gPdNPs may be promising for construction of ABSs for enzymes with very high affinities to their substrates.
Effects of Proprioception and Visual Focus of Attention on Surface Electromyography Proportional Control
Authors: Weixing Wang , Qianqian Li , Chao Li , Shouqian Sun
Published: February 2019

This paper aimed to study the influence of proprioception and visual focus of attention on predicting elbow angles. The experiments were conducted in two directions with three psychological factors in each direction. Then, the method of pattern recognition was used to predict the elbow angles. Finally, the accuracy of the predicted error was verified by using the root mean square error, and the coherence coefficient of the myocardium was used to analyze the effect of various factors on the recognition accuracy. The results showed that a change in the subject’s external focus of attention and proprioception improved the recognition accuracy of the elbow. The methods and results of the paper can be the basis to optimize surface electromyography (sEMG) control. Finding the relationship between psychological factors and control could enable improvements in the performance of human–computer interactions.
Simulation of Surface Topography Considering Cut-in Impact and Tool Flank Wear
Authors: Gao Haining , Yue Caixu , Liu Xianli , Nan Yuechong
Published: February 2019

Milling is a kind of interrupted cutting. When the tool cuts into the workpiece, it is often accompanied by instantaneous impact, which results in impact vibration of the milling system. Meanwhile, tool wear will occur gradually on flank face with the cutting progress. The impact vibration and tool wear affect the morphological characteristics of machined surfaces. In the present work, the instantaneous impact force is obtained by introducing the italic impact model of single degree of freedom, and the free vibration in the x and y directions under the impact force is obtained by combining the damped vibration equation. The cutting vibration in the x and y directions is obtained by solving the dynamic equation of the milling system with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. The equation of the cutting edge is modified according to the tool flank wear, and the machined surface topography considering the dynamic characteristics of cutting system and tool flank wear is obtained by combining the Z-MAP algorithm. The verification milling experiment was carried out on the hardened steel Cr12MoV workpiece. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The research results have important guiding significance for the reasonable selection of processing parameters in actual production.
Evaluation of the Structural Phase Transition in Multiferroic (Bi1−x Prx)(Fe0.95 Mn0.05)O3 Thin Films by A Multi-Technique Approach Including Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics
Authors: Raetz Samuel , Lomonosov Alexey , Avanesyan Sergey , Chigarev Nikolay , de Lima Savi Elton , Bulou Alain , Delorme Nicolas , Wen Zheng , Jin Qiao , Kuriakose Maju , Rousseau Anthony , Vaudel Gwenaëlle , Ruello Pascal , Wu Di , Gusev Vitalyi
Published: February 2019

Picosecond laser ultrasonics is an experimental technique for the generation and detection of ultrashort acoustic pulses using ultrafast lasers. In transparent media, it is often referred to as time-domain Brillouin scattering (TDBS). It provides the opportunity to monitor the propagation of nanometers-length acoustic pulses and to determine acoustical, optical, and acousto-optical parameters of the materials. We report on the application of TDBS for evaluating the effect of Praseodymium (Pr) substitution on the elasticity of multiferroic (Bi1−xPrx)(Fe0.95Mn0.05)O3 (BPFMO) thin films. The films were deposited on Si and LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates by a sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra revealed earlier that a phase transition from rhombohedral to tetragonal structure occurs at about 15% Pr substitution and is accompanied by the maxima of remnant magnetization and polarization. Combining TDBS with optical spectral reflectometry, scanning electron microscopy, and topographic measurements by atomic force microscopy, we found that the structural transition is also characterized by the maximum optical dielectric constant and the minimum longitudinal sound velocity. Our results, together with earlier ones, suggest that BiFeO3-based films and ceramics with compositions near phase boundaries might be promising materials for multifunctional applications.
Suppression of the Hydrodynamic Noise Induced by the Horseshoe Vortex through Mechanical Vortex Generators
Authors: Liu Yongwei , Jiang Hongxu , Li Yalin , Shang Dejiang
Published: February 2019

The hydrodynamic noise from the horseshoe vortex can greatly destroy the acoustic stealth of underwater vehicles at low frequency. We investigated the flow-induced noise suppression mechanism by mechanical vortex generators (VGs) on a SUBOFF model. Based on the numerical simulation, we calculated the flow field and the sound field of the three shapes of mechanical VGs: triangular, semi-circular, and trapezoidal. The triangular VGs with an angle of 30° to the flow direction achieved a better noise reduction. The optimum noise suppression is 8.93 dB, when the distance from the triangular VGs to the sail hull’s leading edge is 0.1c, where c is the chord length. The noise reduction mechanism is such that the mechanical VGs can destroy the formation of the horseshoe vortex at the origin and produce counter-rotation vortices to weaken its intensity. We created two steel models according to the simulation, and the experimental measurement was carried out in a gravity water tunnel. The measured results showed that the formation of the horseshoe vortex could be effectively inhibited by the triangular VGs. The results in our study can provide a new method for hydrodynamic noise suppression by flow control.
Bitumen and Bitumen Modification: A Review on Latest Advances
Authors: Porto Michele , Caputo Paolino , Loise Valeria , Eskandarsefat Shahin , Teltayev Bagdat , Oliviero Rossi Cesare
Published: February 2019

This synthesis explores the state-of-the-knowledge and state-of-the-practice regarding the latest updates on polymer-modified bitumens (PmBs). The information in this study was gathered from a thorough review of the latest papers in the literatures related to modified bituminous materials, technologies, and advances. For this purpose, the paper is presented in two principle sections. In the first part, the bitumen itself is investigated in terms of chemical structure and microstructural systems. In the second part, the paper focuses on bitumen modification from different aspects for assessing the effectiveness of the introduced additives and polymers for enhancing the engineering properties of bitumen in both paving and industrial applications. In conclusion, the knowledge obtained in this study has revealed the importance of the chemical composition of base bitumen for its modification. It can be declared that while some polymers/additives can improve one or some aspects of neat bitumen properties, they can lead to compatibility problems in storage and production. In this respect, several studies showed the effectiveness of waxes for improving the compatibility of polymers with bitumen in addition to some benefits regarding warm mix asphalt (WMA) production.
The Influence of Feature Representation of Text on the Performance of Document Classification
Authors: Martinčić-Ipšić Sanda , Miličić Tanja , Todorovski Ljupčo
Published: February 2019

In this paper we perform a comparative analysis of three models for a feature representation of text documents in the context of document classification. In particular, we consider the most often used family of bag-of-words models, the recently proposed continuous space models word2vec and doc2vec, and the model based on the representation of text documents as language networks. While the bag-of-word models have been extensively used for the document classification task, the performance of the other two models for the same task have not been well understood. This is especially true for the network-based models that have been rarely considered for the representation of text documents for classification. In this study, we measure the performance of the document classifiers trained using the method of random forests for features generated with the three models and their variants. Multi-objective rankings are proposed as the framework for multi-criteria comparative analysis of the results. Finally, the results of the empirical comparison show that the commonly used bag-of-words model has a performance comparable to the one obtained by the emerging continuous-space model of doc2vec. In particular, the low-dimensional variants of doc2vec generating up to 75 features are among the top-performing document representation models. The results finally point out that doc2vec shows a superior performance in the tasks of classifying large documents.
Redrawing the Timeline: Teaching the History of Fashion in the Networked Conditions of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Matthews Rachel
Published: February 2019

It is important for the history of fashion curriculum, to acknowledge the post-digital environment within which fashion and education now operate. One way to address this, is to move concepts of change in fashion beyond the singular narrative of fashion’s evolution that is visualised in the fashion timeline. This paper describes an approach to developing historical consciousness in fashion students who are native to the networked conditions of the twenty-first century. These students need frameworks capable of analysing the increasingly decentralised drivers of change in fashion, as well as developments in the fashion system that do not show themselves in garment styles and silhouettes. The study describes how visual metaphors have been used in the study of the history of fashion, to encourage students to view the changing characteristics of fashion from a range of viewpoints. It is an approach designed to open alternative discourses on change, as an inherent feature of fashion. Using these alternative perspectives, it becomes possible for today’s students to engage with the history of fashion in a more critical and reflexive manner, and better understand the interconnected and contingent nature of change in fashion, both, in the past and in the current context.
The Linkage of the Large-Scale Circulation Pattern to a Long-Lived Heatwave over Mideastern China in 2018
Authors: Li Muyuan , Yao Yao , Luo Dehai , Zhong Linhao
Published: February 2019

In this study, the large-scale circulation patterns (a blocking high, wave trains and the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH)) associated with a wide ranging and highly intense long-lived heatwave in China during the summer of 2018 are examined using both observational data and reanalysis data. Four hot periods are extracted from the heatwave and these are related to anticyclones (hereafter referred to as heatwave anticyclone) over the hot region. Further analysis shows a relationship between the heatwave anticyclone and a synthesis of low, mid- and high latitude circulation systems. In the mid-high latitudes, a midlatitude wave train and a high latitude wave train are associated with a relay process which maintains the heatwave anticyclone. The midlatitude wave train acts during 16–21 July, whereas the high latitude wave train takes affect during 22–28 July. The transition between the two wave trains leads to the northward movement of the hot region. With the help of a wave flux analysis, it was found that both wave trains originate from the positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) which acts as an Atlantic wave source. Serving as a circulation background, the blocking situated over the Scandinavia-Ural sector is maintained for 18 days from 14 to 15 August, which is accompanied by the persistent wave trains and the heatwave anticyclone. Additionally, the abnormal northward movement of the WPSH and its combination with the high latitude wave train lead to the occurrence of extreme hot weather in north-eastern China occurring during the summer of 2018.
Dry-Heat Cooking of Meats as a Source of Airborne N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)
Authors: Kim Hekap , Tcha Jiyeon , Shim Man-yong , Jung Sungjin
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to investigate the airborne release of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as a result of the dry-heat cooking of some meats using charcoal grilling and pan-broiling methods. Three types of meat (beef sirloin, pork belly, and duck) were chosen and cooked in a temporary building using the above methods. Air samples were collected in Thermosorb-N cartridges, which were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for NDMA using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection, respectively. Overall, the charcoal grilling method showed higher average NDMA concentrations than the pan-broiling method for all types of meat. The highest average concentration was observed for charcoal-grilled beef sirloin (410 ng/m3) followed by pork belly, suggesting that meat protein content and cooking duration are important determinants of NDMA formation. Cancer risk assessment showed that the charcoal grilling of such meats can pose an additional cancer risk for restaurant customers.
Molecular Crowding Tunes Material States of Ribonucleoprotein Condensates
Authors: Kaur Taranpreet , Alshareedah Ibraheem , Wang Wei , Ngo Jason , Moosa Mahdi , Banerjee Priya
Published: February 2019

Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are membraneless liquid condensates that dynamically form, dissolve, and mature into a gel-like state in response to a changing cellular environment. RNP condensation is largely governed by promiscuous attractive inter-chain interactions mediated by low-complexity domains (LCDs). Using an archetypal disordered RNP, fused in sarcoma (FUS), here we study how molecular crowding impacts the RNP liquid condensation. We observe that the liquid–liquid coexistence boundary of FUS is lowered by polymer crowders, consistent with an excluded volume model. With increasing bulk crowder concentration, the RNP partition increases and the diffusion rate decreases in the condensed phase. Furthermore, we show that RNP condensates undergo substantial hardening wherein protein-dense droplets transition from viscous fluid to viscoelastic gel-like states in a crowder concentration-dependent manner. Utilizing two distinct LCDs that broadly represent commonly occurring sequence motifs driving RNP phase transitions, we reveal that the impact of crowding is largely independent of LCD charge and sequence patterns. These results are consistent with a thermodynamic model of crowder-mediated depletion interaction, which suggests that inter-RNP attraction is enhanced by molecular crowding. The depletion force is likely to play a key role in tuning the physical properties of RNP condensates within the crowded cellular space.
Protecting Group-Free Synthesis of Glycopolymer-Type Amphiphilic Macromonomers and Their Use for the Preparation of Carbohydrate-Decorated Polymer Particles
Authors: Motoyanagi Jin , Nguyen Minh Tan , Tanaka Tomonari , Minoda Masahiko
Published: February 2019

Polymer particles modified with carbohydrates on their surfaces are of significant interest, because their specific recognition abilities to biomolecules are valuable for developing promising materials in biomedical fields. Carbohydrate-decorated core-shell polymer particles are expected to be efficiently prepared by dispersion polymerization using a glycopolymer-based amphiphilic macromonomer as both a polymeric steric stabilizer and a monomer. To create glycopolymer-type macromonomers, we propose a new strategy combining living cationic polymerization of an alkynyl-functionalized vinyl ether (VE), and the click reaction for the preparation of glycopolymers having a polymerizable terminal group, and investigate their dispersion copolymerization with styrene for generating carbohydrate-decorated polymer particles. This study deals with (i) the synthesis of block copolymer-type amphiphilic macromonomers bearing a methacryloyl group at the α-terminus, and pendant alkynyl groups by living cationic polymerization of alkynyl-substituted VE (VEEP), (ii) the derivatization of maltose-carrying macromonomers by click chemistry of the pendant alkynyl groups of the precursor macromonomers with maltosyl azide without any protecting/deprotecting processes, and (iii) the preparation of maltose-decorated (Mal-decorated) polymer particles through the dispersion copolymerization of glycopolymer-type macromonomers with styrene in polar media. Moreover, this study concerns the specific interactions of the resultant polymer particles with the lectin concanavalin A (Con A).
The Effect of Cytochalasans on the Actin Cytoskeleton of Eukaryotic Cells and Preliminary Structure–Activity Relationships
Authors: Kretz Robin , Wendt Lucile , Wongkanoun Sarunyou , Luangsa-ard J. Jennifer , Surup Frank , Helaly Soleiman E. , Noumeur Sara R. , Stadler Marc , Stradal Theresia E.B.
Published: February 2019

In our ongoing search for new bioactive fungal metabolites, two new cytochalasans were isolated from stromata of the hypoxylaceous ascomycete Hypoxylon fragiforme. Their structures were elucidated via high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Together with 23 additional cytochalasans isolated from ascomata and mycelial cultures of different Ascomycota, they were tested on their ability to disrupt the actin cytoskeleton of mammal cells in a preliminary structure–activity relationship study. Out of all structural features, the presence of hydroxyl group at the C7 and C18 residues, as well as their stereochemistry, were determined as important factors affecting the potential to disrupt the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, reversibility of the actin disrupting effects was tested, revealing no direct correlations between potency and reversibility in the tested compound group. Since the diverse bioactivity of cytochalasans is interesting for various applications in eukaryotes, the exact effect on eukaryotic cells will need to be determined, e.g., by follow-up studies involving medicinal chemistry and by inclusion of additional natural cytochalasans. The results are also discussed in relation to previous studies in the literature, including a recent report on the anti-Biofilm activities of essentially the same panel of compounds against the pathogenic bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus.
Driving After Drinking Alcohol Associated with Insufficient Sleep and Insomnia among Student Athletes and Non-Athletes
Authors: Bastien Celyne H. , Ellis Jason G. , Athey Amy , Chakravorty Subhajit , Robbins Rebecca , Knowlden Adam P. , Charest Jonathan , Grandner Michael A.
Published: February 2019

Introduction: The proportion of university/college students (UCS) consuming alcohol is similar to the number of those reporting poor sleep, at approximately 30%, the proportion being greater in student athletes (SA). What remains to be understood is if poor sleep potentiates risky behaviors. Objective: Our aim was to examine the association among sleep difficulties, insomnia symptoms, and insufficient sleep on the risk of driving under the influence of alcohol in a sample of UCS and whether these associations were more pertinent in SA. Methods: Data from the National University/College Health Assessment was used from the years 2011–2014. Questions on number of drinks consumed and behaviors such as driving after drinking alcohol were related to answers to questions pertaining to sleep difficulties, insufficient sleep, and insomnia symptoms. Results: Mean alcohol intake was of about 3 drinks; SA consumed significantly more than student non-athletes (SNA). Binge-drinking episodes were significantly higher among SA than SNA. Difficulty sleeping was associated with an increased likelihood of driving after any drinks and after 5 or more drinks in both groups, effects being stronger among SA. Insomnia was associated with an increased likelihood of driving after any drinks and after 5 or more drinks in SA and after 5 or more drinks in SNA. These effects were stronger among athletes. Conclusion: The present study found that self-reported difficulties sleeping, insomnia symptoms, and insufficient sleep are associated with driving after drinking alcohol. This relationship applied to driving after drinking any alcohol or binge drinking and was again stronger among SA than SNA.
FBXW7 in Cancer: What Has Been Unraveled Thus Far?
Authors: Sailo Bethsebie Lalduhsaki , Banik Kishore , Girisa Sosmitha , Bordoloi Devivasha , Fan Lu , Halim Clarissa Esmeralda , Wang Hong , Kumar Alan Prem , Zheng Dali , Mao Xinliang , Sethi Gautam , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar Bahulayan
Published: February 2019

The FBXW7 (F-box with 7 tandem WD40) protein encoded by the gene FBXW7 is one of the crucial components of ubiquitin ligase called Skp1-Cullin1-F-box (SCF) complex that aids in the degradation of many oncoproteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) thus regulating cellular growth. FBXW7 is considered as a potent tumor suppressor as most of its target substrates can function as potential growth promoters, including c-Myc, Notch, cyclin E, c-JUN, and KLF5. Its regulators include p53, C/EBP-δ, Numb, microRNAs, Pin 1, Hes-5, BMI1, Ebp2. Mounting evidence has indicated the involvement of aberrant expression of FBXW7 for tumorigenesis. Moreover, numerous studies have also shown its role in cancer cell chemosensitization, thereby demonstrating the importance of FBXW7 in the development of curative cancer therapy. This comprehensive review emphasizes on the targets, functions, regulators and expression of FBXW7 in different cancers and its involvement in sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs.
Circular RNA circHIPK3 Promotes the Proliferation and Differentiation of Chicken Myoblast Cells by Sponging miR-30a-3p
Authors: Chen Biao , Yu Jiao , Guo Lijin , Byers Mary Shannon , Wang Zhijun , Chen Xiaolan , Xu Haiping , Nie Qinghua
Published: February 2019

Circular RNAs and microRNAs widely exist in various species and play crucial roles in multiple biological processes. It is essential to study their roles in myogenesis. In our previous sequencing data, both miR-30a-3p and circular HIPK3 (circHIPK3) RNA, which are produced by the third exon of the HIPK3 gene, were differentially expressed among chicken skeletal muscles at 11 embryo age (E11), 16 embryo age (E16), and 1-day post-hatch (P1). Here, we investigated their potential roles in myogenesis. Proliferation experiment showed that miR-30a-3p could inhibit the proliferation of myoblast. Through dual-luciferase assay and Myosin heavy chain (MYHC) immunofluorescence, we found that miR-30a-3p could inhibit the differentiation of myoblast by binding to Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 C (MEF2C), which could promote the differentiation of myoblast. Then, we found that circHIPK3 could act as a sponge of miR-30a-3p and exerted a counteractive effect of miR-30a-3p by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Taking together, our data suggested that circHIPK3 could promote the chicken embryonic skeletal muscle development by sponging miR-30a-3p.
A Deep Insight into the Electronic Properties of CIGS Modules with Monolithic Interconnects Based on 2D Simulations with TCAD
Authors: Vidal Lorbada Ricardo , Walter Thomas , Fuertes Marrón David , Lavrenko Tetiana , Muecke Dennis
Published: February 2019

The aim of this work is to provide an insight into the impact of the P1 shunt on the performance of ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2/Mo modules with monolithic interconnects. The P1 scribe is a pattern that separates the back contact of two adjacent cells and is filled with Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS). This scribe introduces a shunt that can affect significantly the behavior of the device, especially under weak light conditions. Based on 2D numerical simulations performed with TCAD, we postulate a mechanism that affects the current flow through the P1 shunt. This mechanism is similar to that of a junction field effect transistor device with a p-type channel, in which the current flow can be modulated by varying the thickness of the channel and the doping concentration. The results of these simulations suggest that expanding the space charge region (SCR) into P1 reduces the shunt conductance in this path significantly, thus decreasing the current flow through it. The presented simulations demonstrate that two fabrication parameters have a direct influence on the extension of the SCR, which are the thickness of the absorber layer and its acceptor concentration.
Preparation, Thermal, and Physical Properties of Perovskite-Type (C3H7NH3)2CdCl4 Crystals
Authors: Lim Ae Ran , Kim Sun Ha
Published: February 2019

To investigate the thermal and physical properties of perovskite-type (C3H7NH3)2CdCl4, its temperature-dependent chemical shifts and spin–lattice relaxation times are measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), and static NMR methods. Above 300 K, two phase transitions are observed at 398 K and 538 K. Each proton and carbon in the (C3H7NH3) cation is distinguished in the MAS NMR results. The environments around 1H, 13C, and 14N do not change with temperature according to the NMR spectra. In contrast, the resonance frequency of 113Cd in the CdCl6 octahedra decreases with increasing temperature, indicating an environmental change. The uniaxial rotations for 1H and 13C have high mobility at both high and low temperatures, and these are related to the phase transitions. In addition, the molecular motion of 113Cd in the anion becomes activated upon raising the temperature.
Deep-Reef Fish Communities of the Great Barrier Reef Shelf-Break: Trophic Structure and Habitat Associations
Authors: Sih Tiffany L. , Daniell James J. , Bridge Thomas C.L. , Beaman Robin J. , Cappo Mike , Kingsford Michael J.
Published: February 2019

The ecology of habitats along the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) shelf-break has rarely been investigated. Thus, there is little understanding of how associated fishes interact with deeper environments. We examined relationships between deep-reef fish communities and benthic habitat structure. We sampled 48 sites over a large depth gradient (54–260 m) in the central GBR using Baited Remote Underwater Video Stations and multibeam sonar. Fish community composition differed both among multiple shelf-break reefs and habitats within reefs. Epibenthic cover decreased with depth. Deep epibenthic cover included sponges, corals, and macro-algae, with macro-algae present to 194 m. Structural complexity decreased with depth, with more calcified reef, boulders, and bedrock in shallower depths. Deeper sites were flatter and more homogeneous with softer substratum. Habitats were variable within depth strata and were reflected in different fish assemblages among sites and among locations. Overall, fish trophic groups changed with depth and included generalist and benthic carnivores, piscivores, and planktivores while herbivores were rare below 50 m. While depth influenced where trophic groups occurred, site orientation and habitat morphology determined the composition of trophic groups within depths. Future conservation strategies will need to consider the vulnerability of taxa with narrow distributions and habitat requirements in unique shelf-break environments.
Metabolomics Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kdadra Marouane , Höckner Sebastian , Leung Hing , Kremer Werner , Schiffer Eric
Published: February 2019

Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis with current biomarkers is difficult and often results in unnecessary invasive procedures as well as over-diagnosis and over-treatment, highlighting the need for novel biomarkers. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of available metabolomics PCa biomarkers, particularly for clinically significant disease. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed for publications from July 2008 to July 2018 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to report biomarkers with respect to their application in PCa diagnosis, progression, aggressiveness, recurrence, and treatment response. The vast majority of studies report biomarkers with the ability to distinguish malignant from benign prostate tissue with a few studies investigating biomarkers associated with disease progression, treatment response or tumour recurrence. In general, these studies report high dimensional datasets and the number of analysed metabolites often significantly exceeded the number of available samples. Hence, observed multivariate differences between case and control samples in the datasets might potentially also be associated with pre-analytical, technical, statistical and confounding factors. Giving the technical and methodological hurdles, there are nevertheless a number of metabolites and pathways repeatedly reported across various technical approaches, cohorts and sample types that appear to play a predominant role in PCa tumour biology, progression and recurrence.
Amplitude Constrained MIMO Channels: Properties of Optimal Input Distributions and Bounds on the Capacity
Authors: Dytso Alex , Goldenbaum Mario , Poor H. Vincent , Shamai (Shitz) Shlomo
Published: February 2019

In this work, the capacity of multiple-input multiple-output channels that are subject to constraints on the support of the input is studied. The paper consists of two parts. The first part focuses on the general structure of capacity-achieving input distributions. Known results are surveyed and several new results are provided. With regard to the latter, it is shown that the support of a capacity-achieving input distribution is a small set in both a topological and a measure theoretical sense. Moreover, explicit conditions on the channel input space and the channel matrix are found such that the support of a capacity-achieving input distribution is concentrated on the boundary of the input space only. The second part of this paper surveys known bounds on the capacity and provides several novel upper and lower bounds for channels with arbitrary constraints on the support of the channel input symbols. As an immediate practical application, the special case of multiple-input multiple-output channels with amplitude constraints is considered. The bounds are shown to be within a constant gap to the capacity if the channel matrix is invertible and are tight in the high amplitude regime for arbitrary channel matrices. Moreover, in the regime of high amplitudes, it is shown that the capacity scales linearly with the minimum between the number of transmit and receive antennas, similar to the case of average power-constrained inputs.