bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of the Index of Social Work Professional Identity
Authors: Duan Wenjie , Li Yumei , Kong Yansi
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

The present study applied the Dynamic Systems Model of Role Identity to construct an index of social work professional identity.

Methods:

The data were obtained from a longitudinal study of social work in China in 2019. Exploratory structural equation modeling and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis were used to confirm the factor structure. Independent samples t test was adopted to test the difference among different groups.

Results:

The four-factor (i.e., social, role, target, and action perceptions) index of social work professional identity showed acceptable reliability and good validity. Measurement invariance was observed across different groups (i.e., gender, education background, professional certification, job position, and work seniority). Differences were observed on professional identity among different genders, educational backgrounds, and professional certification groups.

Conclusions:

The index of social work professional identity can contribute to policymaking, educational curriculum design, and evidence-based interventions aimed at promoting professional identity.
The Embedded Paradox of Organizational Turnover and Professional Autonomy
Authors: Zheng Guanghuai , Liu Haijuan , Wang Yean , Chen Beili
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

This study aims to investigate the effects of professional autonomy (PA) and person–environment fit (person–job [PJ] fit and person–organization [PO] fit) on turnover intention (TI).

Methods:

We take a total of 1,133 professional social workers with formal educational background from the China Social Work Longitudinal Study 2019 as our sample and use structural equation modeling as our analysis method.

Results:

We find that an increase in person–environment fit is significantly associated with a decrease in Chinese social workers’ organizational TI, and this relationship is mediated by PA. However, PA has greater power to buffer the effects of PJ fit than those of PO fit on TI.

Conclusions:

This finding improves existing understanding of the paradox of social workers embedded in the community. An occupational environment that promotes PA is urgently needed to address this paradox and to prevent social workers’ TI.
Behavioral Activation and Therapeutic Exposure vs. Cognitive Therapy for Grief Among Combat Veterans: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Bereavement Interventions
Authors: Acierno Ron , Kauffman Brooke , Muzzy Wendy , Tejada Melba Hernandez , Lejuez Carl
Published: January 2021

Approximately two-thirds of Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Veterans reported knowing someone who was killed or seriously injured, lost someone in their immediate unit, or personally saw dead or seriously injured Americans (Hoge et al., 2004; Thomas et al., 2010; Toblin et al., 2012). Thus, it is not surprising that prevalence of Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) is high in these groups. Importantly, PCBD impact appears to be independent of both Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Major Depressive Disorder (Bonnano, 2007), 2 disorders that are also highly prevalent in these groups, thus tailored treatments for grief are indicated. The Department of Veterans Affairs suggests Cognitive Therapy for Grief as a first line psychotherapy, however treatments relatively more focused on behavior change and exposure to grief cues also may be useful for this population. To address this question, the present study used a randomized controlled trial to compare a 7-session program of Behavioral Activation and Therapeutic Exposure for Grief vs. Cognitive Therapy for Grief among 155 OIF/OEF/OND veterans. Both treatments produced significant treatment gains over baseline, and these improvements were maintained over 6-month followup; however no differences were observed between groups. Given equal efficacy, implications for matching treatment to patient characteristics are discussed.
Implementation of a Multi-Modal Palliative Care Curriculum for Pediatric Residents
Authors: Romanos-Sirakis Eleny , Demissie Seleshi , Fornari Alice
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a new multi-modal pediatric palliative care curriculum. We sought to determine the effect on comfort in palliative care, knowledge, and change in behavior by utilizing these skills with patients, and determine which modalities were most effective for residents.

Study Design:

25 pediatric residents were exposed to the 4-part curriculum. The modalities utilized in this curriculum included didactics, role-play, videos, case-discussion, small group activities, simulation, poetry and reflection.

Results:

The pediatric residents self-reported an increase in comfort and knowledge of the components of pediatric palliative care after this curriculum. In addition, 74% of residents were able to identify a patient experience in which a component of the palliative care curriculum was utilized directly in patient care. The effectiveness of techniques utilized in this multimodal curriculum varied; residents reported that the poetry and reflection components were less effective, as compared with the role-play, simulation and other active learning components.

Conclusions:

Implementation of a multi-modal palliative care curriculum was effective in increasing knowledge in palliative care, comfort in breaking bad news, and caring for patients with palliative care needs. This can be translated into a change in behavior to utilize these new skills in the care of various patients in pediatrics. Among the various techniques used to teach this curriculum, residents reported that the techniques that most incorporated active learning and were directly applicable to the professional role of the resident were rated most valuable. This curriculum was well received, feasible and effective for pediatric residents.
Single Parents in Indonesia: How to Carry Out the Practice of the Eight Family Functions?
Authors: Pujihasvuty Resti , Subeqi Aning Tri , Murniati Chairunnisa
Published: January 2021

A single parent’s phenomenon as a vulnerable family is commonly found in Indonesia with an increasing number from year to year. This study aimed to see the profile of a single parent in Indonesia and the implementation of family functions. A quantitative approach through secondary data analysis from the 2019 Program Accountability Performance Survey Family Module was used in this research. Processing and data analysis were carried out descriptively using cross-tabulation and chi-square correlation tests. The results showed a picture of a single parent in Indonesia that require special attention, namely single mothers due to a divorce, age group of 31–50 years, have many children, have low education, moderate economic status, have a job, live in urban areas, and most of them are in Java. The practice of implementing family functions is still deficient in single parent. Based on its characteristics, only the level of education, wealth, work status, and knowledge of family functions were positively and significantly related to the practice of family function in single parent. This study recommends the need for strategies in optimizing the implementation of family functions in single parent, namely socialization and strengthening of family functions, mainly reproductive functions, by prioritizing the description of a single parent in Indonesia that require special attention.
Three-Dimensional Distance and Coverage Maps in the Assessment of Peritalar Subluxation in Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity
Authors: Dibbern Kevin N. , Li Shuyuan , Vivtcharenko Victoria , Auch Elijah , Lintz Francois , Ellis Scott J. , Femino John E. , de Cesar Netto Cesar
Published: January 2021

Background:

Progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD), formerly termed adult-acquired flatfoot deformity, is a complex 3-dimensional (3D) deformity of the foot characterized by peritalar subluxation (PTS). PTS is typically measured at the posterior facet, but recent studies have called this into question. The objective of this study was to use 3D distance mapping (DM) from weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) to assess PTS in patients with PCFD and controls. We hypothesized that DMs would identify the middle facet as a superior marker for PTS.

Methods:

We analyzed WBCT data of 20 consecutive stage I patients with PCFD and 10 control patients with a novel DM technique to objectively characterize joint coverage across the entire peritalar surface, including both articular and nonarticular regions. Joint coverage was defined as the percentage of articular area with DMs <4 mm and impingement when distances were <0.5 mm. Comparisons were performed with independent t tests or Wilcoxon tests. P values <.05 were considered significant.

Results:

Overall, coverage was decreased in articular regions and impingement was increased in nonarticular regions of patients with PCFD with a significant increase in uncoverage in the middle (46.6%, P < .001) but not anterior or posterior facets. Significant increases in sinus tarsi coverage were identified (98.0%, P < .007) with impingement in 6 of 20 patients with PCFD. Impingement of the subfibular region was noted in only 1 of 20 cases but narrowing greater than 2 standard deviations was noted in 17 of 20 patients.

Conclusion:

Objective DMs identified significant markers of PTS in the middle but not posterior or anterior facets. We confirmed prior 2-dimensional data that suggested uncoverage of the middle facet provided a more robust and consistent measure of PTS than measures in the posterior facet.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case-control study.
Perceived Benefits and Harms of Involuntary Civil Commitment for Opioid
Use Disorder
Authors: Evans Elizabeth A. , Harrington Calla , Roose Robert , Lemere Susan , Buchanan David
Published: January 2021

Involuntary civil commitment (ICC) to treatment for opioid use disorder
(OUD) prevents imminent overdose, but also restricts autonomy and raises
other ethical concerns. Using the Kass Public Health Ethics Framework, we
identified ICC benefits and harms. Benefits include: protection of
vulnerable, underserved patients; reduced legal consequences; resources for
families; and “on-demand” treatment access. Harms include: stigmatizing and
punitive experiences; heightened family conflict and social isolation;
eroded patient self-determination; limited or no provision of OUD
medications; and long-term overdose risk. To use ICC ethically, it should be
recognized as comprising vulnerable patients worthy of added protections; be
a last resort option; utilize consensual, humanizing processes; provide
medications and other evidence-based-treatment; integrate with existing
healthcare systems; and demonstrate effective outcomes before diffusion. ICC
to OUD treatment carries significant potential harms that, if unaddressed,
may outweigh its benefits. Findings can inform innovations for ensuring that
ICC is used in an ethically responsible way.
How Should Ethics Consultants Weigh the Law (and other Authoritative Directives)?
Authors: Koch Peter
Published: January 2021

In the continuing debate about the role of the Clinical Ethics Consultant in performing clinical ethics consultations, it is often assumed that consultants should operate within ethical and legal standards. Recent scholarship has focused primarily on clarifying the consultant's role with respect to the ethical standards that serve as parameters of consulting. In the following, however, I wish to address the question of how the ethics consultant should weigh legal standards and, more broadly, how consultants might weigh authoritative directives, whether legal, institutional, or professional, against other normative considerations. I argue that consultants should reject the view that authoritative directives carry exclusionary reason for actions and, further, ethicists should interpret directives as lacking any moral weight qua authoritative directive. I then identify both implications and limitations of this view with respect to the evolving role of the ethics consultant in an institutional setting, and in doing so propose the kinds of considerations the ethicist should weigh when presented with an authoritative directive.
The Legal and Empirical Case for Firearm Purchaser Licensing
Authors: Abelow Hannah , Crifasi Cassandra , Webster Daniel
Published: January 2021

This article argues that state government actors concerned about gun
violence prevention should prioritize enactment of robust firearm purchaser
regimes at the state level. First, the article outlines the empirical
evidence base for purchaser licensing. Then, the article describes how state
governments can design this policy. Next, the article assesses the
likelihood that purchaser licensing legislation will continue to be upheld
by federal courts. Finally, the article addresses the implications of this
policy, aimed at curbing gun deaths, for equally important racial justice
priorities. Taken together, these various considerations indicate that
purchaser licensing policies are among the most effective firearm-focused
laws state governments can enact to reduce gun deaths within the existing
federal legislative and legal frameworks.
Understanding the Role of Law in Reducing Firearm Injury through Clinical Interventions
Authors: Shultz Blake N. , Lye Carolyn T. , D'Onofrio Gail , Gluck Abbe R. , Miller Jonathan , Kraschel Katherine L. , Ranney Megan L.
Published: January 2021

Firearm injury in the United States is a public health crisis in which physicians are uniquely situated to intervene. However, their ability to mitigate harm is limited by a complex array of laws and regulations that shape their role in firearm injury prevention. This piece uses four clinical scenarios to illustrate how these laws and regulations impact physician practice, including patient counseling, injury reporting, and the use of court orders and involuntary holds. Unintended consequences on clinical practice of laws intended to reduce firearm injury are also discussed. Lessons drawn from these cases suggest that physicians require more nuanced education on this topic, and that policymakers should consult front-line healthcare providers when designing firearm policies.
Guests with Guns: Public Support for “No Carry” Defaults on Private Land
Authors: Ayres Ian , Jonnalagadda Spurthi
Published: January 2021

A nationally representative survey of 2000 American adults shows broad support for prohibiting gun-possession on private land without the landowner's explicit permission. Many states have laws which permit concealed weapon carry unless explicitly prohibited by the landowner, but our survey suggests statistically-significant majorities would prefer “no carry” defaults with regard to homeowners, employers, and retailers. While respondents who are Republican, male, or gun owners are more likely to support “carry” defaults, we find that the majoritarian rejection of “carry” defaults does not tend to vary by region or state. However, our survey does find majority support for a default right to possess guns in rented property and on an employer's parking lot. Respondents across all contexts also report substantial ignorance or misinformation about the law. Landowners who don't know or mistakenly believe that concealed carry is, by default, prohibited on their land may be less able to protect themselves by explicitly prohibiting such third-party possession.
Coercive Controlling Behaviors and Reporting Physical Intimate Partner Violence in Australian Women: An Exploration
Authors: Patafio Brittany , Miller Peter , Walker Arlene , Coomber Kerri , Curtis Ashlee , Karantzas Gery , Mayshak Richelle , Taylor Nicholas , Hyder Shannon
Published: January 2021

This study explores two approaches to measuring coercive controlling behaviors (CCBs)—counting how many different CCB types and examining the frequency of each CCB experienced—to examine their utility in explaining the relationship between CCBs and physical intimate partner violence (IPV). Australian women aged 18–68 years ( n = 739; Mage = 31.58, SDage = 11.76) completed an online survey. Count and frequency CCB approaches yielded similar significant associations with increased physical IPV. Both approaches suggest that frightening behaviors in particular are significantly indicative of also experiencing physical IPV; however, when you count CCB types, public name-calling becomes important, whereas when you examine the frequency of each CCB type, jealousy/possessiveness becomes important. These findings suggest differential utility between measures of CCBs, which examine the frequency of specific CCB types and which count CCB types, and that both approaches are useful in understanding how coercion and control relate to physical violence within intimate relationships.
Internal limiting membrane peeling without vitrectomy for laser-induced macular holes in two children
Authors: Chen Nan , Zheng Kunkun
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To describe a technique of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling without vitrectomy for the treatment of laser-induced macular holes in two children.

Methods:

ILM peeling was performed under the vitreous hyaloid, and the vitreous was retained. Slit lamp and optical coherence tomographic examinations were performed before and after surgery.

Results:

Macular holes were closed with different patterns at different time in the two patients, while visual acuity improved significantly in both of them eventually.

Conclusion:

The technique of ILM peeling in the absence of vitrectomy can promote the closure of laser-induced macular holes and minimize the surgical procedure, with few vitrectomy complications in pediatric patients. The closure pattern may vary on account of different injury sources and extents.
The effects of ocular surface disease on optical coherence tomography test results in patients with glaucoma
Authors: Oktay Özgün , Dursun Özer , Yılmaz Ayça
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the effects of current ocular surface disease (OSD) on OCT signal quality and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements in patients treated with antiglaucomatous medications and the changes in these test results by dry eye treatment.

Methods:

Fifty-five patients, diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and OSD, who were treated for glaucoma with topical medications for at least 6 months were included in this study. Patients were treated with topical preservative free polyvinyl alcohol + povidone artificial tear drops four times a day for at least 20 days and topical loteprednol etabonate drops four times a day for 1 week. Patients were divided into groups according to the number of active substances in their glaucoma drops, daily drop numbers, and duration of drug utilizations. OCT signal quality and mean RNFL thickness measurements were evaluated within these groups before and after OSD treatment.

Results:

Pre-treatment mean OCT signal quality was 19.15 ± 3.739 and mean RNFL thickness was 93.07 ± 13.931µ; post-treatment mean OCT signal quality was 23.93 ± 3.839 and mean RNFL thickness was 98.27 ± 14.863 µ ( p < 0.05). Post-treatment measurements were significantly improved compared to pre-treatment measurements in our patients, but the differences among subgroups were not statistically significant. There was a strong positive correlation between pre-treatment signal quality measurements and Schirmer II test values ( p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Treatment of OSD in glaucoma patients being treated with long-term anti-glaucoma medications, seem to improve the quality and reliability of OCT test results.
Choroidal structural changes in different intermediate AMD patterns
Authors: Viggiano Pasquale , Toto Lisa , Ferro Giada , Evangelista Federica , Porreca Annamaria , Mastropasqua Rodolfo
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To report variation of choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in subjects with drusen and subjects with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) compared with healthy individuals using the Spectral-domain (SD)-Optical Coherence Tomography with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) system.

Design:

A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study.

Subjects:

Eighty-four participants.

Methods:

The patients were imaged using the Heidelberg Spectralis device (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) with EDI mode. EDI-OCT images were exported and then imported into image analysis ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda) and a semiautomated algorithm was used for subsequent quantitative analysis.

Main outcome measures:

This study evaluated two choroidal parameters: (i) choroidal thickness (CT); (ii) choroidal vascularity index (CVI).

Results:

CT analysis was performed in three different regions: (i) foveal region, (ii) parafoveal region; (iii) perifoveal region. All the analyzed regions were significantly decreased in RPD pattern, as compared with both the drusen group ( p < .005) and healthy eyes ( p < .005). CVI was significantly decreased in the RPD pattern, as compared with healthy eyes ( p < 0.001). However, the drusenoid pattern did not have statistical significance in comparison with the control group suggesting the lower incidence of this pattern on choroidal vasculopathy.

Conclusions:

We report CT and CVI difference in RPD and drusen eyes. The RPD pattern seems to be a consequence of an alteration in the choroidal vascularity resulting in severe ischemia and excessive hypoxia inducing an increased risk of late AMD compared to the drusenoid pattern.
Systemic thrombolysis and anticoagulation therapy for catheter-related right atrial thrombosis caused by TIVAP: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zhang Yanshou , Shi Jie , Li Jia-jia , Zhang Lu , Li Yuntao
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

As an under-reported, severe, and life-threatening complication, catheter-related right atrial thrombosis (CRAT) can appear at any age with any type of central venous catheter (CVC). However, most reports are limited to hemodialysis patients with CVC. Totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) is widely used for the infusion of high-concentration chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer patients. However, these catheters may cause CRAT.

Case Description:

A 27-year-old female patient with TIVAP was referred for neoadjuvant chemotherapy because of breast cancer. At 60 days after TIVAP implantation, routine transthoracic ultrasound examination confirmed a mass of 3.4 × 2.5 cm in the right atrium (RA). The mass was attached to the atrial wall and close to the catheter tip. Initially, we chose systemic anticoagulation therapy, but it failed. Subsequently, we decided to adopt a combination of systemic thrombolysis and anticoagulation therapy via a cubital vein. After 9 days of treatment, the thrombus disappeared, and the TIVAP was eventually removed.

Conclusions:

Systemic thrombolysis and anticoagulation therapy seemed to be safe and effective for asymptomatic patients who had TIVAP-induced CRAT. We should position the catheter tip at the junction of the Superior Vena Cava with the Right Atrium during the implantation procedure in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
WoCoVA consensus on the clinical use of in-line filtration during intravenous infusions: Current evidence and recommendations for future research
Authors: Van Boxtel Ton , Pittiruti Mauro , Arkema Annemarie , Ball Patrick , Barone Giovanni , Bertoglio Sergio , Biffi Roberto , Dupont Christian , Fonzo-Christe Caroline , Foster Jann , Jones Matthew , Keck Cornelia , Ray-Barruel Gillian , Sasse Michael , Scoppettuolo Giancarlo , Van Den Hoogen Agnes , Villa Gianluca , Hadaway Lynn , Ryder Marcia , Schears Gregory , Stone Josie
Published: January 2021

The need for filtering intravenous infusions has long been recognized in the field of venous access, though hard scientific evidence about the actual indications for in-line filters has been scarce. In the last few years, several papers and a few clinical studies have raised again this issue, suggesting that the time has come for a proper definition of the type of filtration, of its potential benefit, and of its proper indications in clinical practice. The WoCoVA Foundation, whose goal is to increase the global awareness on the risk of intravenous access and on patients’ safety, developed the project of a consensus on intravenous filtration. A panel of experts in different aspects of intravenous infusion was chosen to express the current state of knowledge about filtration and to indicate the direction of future research in this field. The present document reports the final conclusions of the panel.
Full-Length 16S rRNA and ITS Gene Sequencing Revealed Rich Microbial Flora in Roots of Cycas spp. in China
Authors: Pecundo Melissa H , Chang Aimee Caye G , Chen Tao , dela Cruz Thomas Edison E , Ren Hai , Li Nan
Published: January 2021

Cycads have developed a complex root system categorized either as normal or coralloid roots. Past literatures revealed that a great diversity of key microbes is associated with these roots. This recent study aims to comprehensively determine the diversity and community structure of bacteria and fungi associated with the roots of two Cycas spp. endemic to China, Cycas debaoensis Zhong & Chen and Cycas fairylakea D.Y. Wang using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA (V1-V9 hypervariable) and short fragment ITS region. The total DNA from 12 root samples were extracted, amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. Resulting sequences were clustered into 61 bacteria and 2128 fungal OTUs. Analysis of community structure revealed that the coralloid roots were dominated mostly by the nitrogen-fixer Nostocaceae but also contain other non-diazotrophic bacteria. The sequencing of entire 16S rRNA gene identified four different strains of cyanobacteria under the heterocystous genera Nostoc and Desmonostoc. Meanwhile, the top bacterial families in normal roots were Xanthobacteraceae, Burkholderiaceae, and Bacillaceae. Moreover, a diverse fungal community was also found in the roots of cycads and the predominating families were Ophiocordycipitaceae, Nectriaceae, Bionectriaceae, and Trichocomaceae. Our results demonstrated that bacterial diversity in normal roots of C. fairylakea is higher in richness and abundance than C. debaoensis. On the other hand, a slight difference, albeit insignificant, was noted for the diversity of fungi among root types and host species as the number of shared taxa is relatively high (67%). Our results suggested that diverse microbes are present in roots of cycads which potentially interact together to support cycads survival. Our study provided additional knowledge on the microbial diversity and composition in cycads and thus expanding our current knowledge on cycad-microbe association. Our study also considered the possible impact of ex situ conservation on cyanobiont community of cycads.
Sanitation, Obesity, and Low Body Mass Index as Risk Factors for Bacterial Skin Infections
Authors: Aggarwal Pushkar , Muddasani Suraj , Fleischer Alan B.
Published: January 2021

Background

Bacterial skin infections can cause significant disability and can lead to mortality with inadequate treatment.

Objective

To determine whether sanitation and body mass index (BMI) are statistically significant risk factors for the incidence and prognosis of bacterial skin infections.

Methods

Country-level data regarding the age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLD) from bacterial skin infection per 100 000 persons from the Global Burden of disease dataset, and country-level data on age-standardized prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30) and low BMI (BMI <18.5) from World Health Organization Global Health Observatory data repository were analyzed. Regression models were created to examine the effects of sanitation, obesity, and low BMI on the burden of bacterial skin infections.

Results

The percentage of population using basic sanitation services was positively associated with incidence, prevalence, and YLD from bacterial skin infections ( P < .05). After controlling for sanitation, in countries with more than 50% of the population using basic sanitation services, obesity was positively associated with incidence, prevalence, and YLD from bacterial skin infections ( P < .05). In countries with less than or equal to 50% of the population using basic sanitation services, low BMI was positively associated with incidence, prevalence, and YLD from bacterial skin infections ( P < .05).

Conclusions

Improving sanitation access in all countries, reducing the percentage of obese population in countries with good sanitation/hygiene techniques, and addressing malnutrition in countries with poor sanitation/hygiene techniques may help to reduce the burden of bacterial skin infections.
Mid-term outcomes of an everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold in patients with below-the-knee arterial disease: A pooled analysis of individual patient data
Authors: Huizing Eline , Kum Steven , Ipema Jetty , Varcoe Ramon L , Shah Atman P , de Vries Jean-Paul PM , Ünlü Çağdaş
Published: January 2021

Previous studies on everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) have shown promising 1-year primary patency rates in infrapopliteal arteries. Literature from large cohorts on long-term outcomes with the infrapopliteal Absorb BVS (Abbott Vascular) is lacking. The aim of this study is to pool published and unpublished data to provide a more precise estimate of the 24-month outcomes of Absorb BVS for the treatment of infrapopliteal disease. For the pooled analysis, updated original and newly collected data from three cohorts on treatment with the Absorb BVS for de novo infrapopliteal lesions were combined. The primary endpoint was freedom from restenosis. Secondary endpoints were freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR), major amputation and survival. The pooled analysis included a total of 121 patients with 161 lesions, treated with 189 Absorb BVS in 126 limbs. The mean age of the patients was 73 years, 57% had diabetes mellitus, and 75% were classified as Rutherford–Becker class 5 or 6. Of the 161 lesions, 101 (63%) were calcified and 36 (22%) were occlusions. Successful deployment was achieved with all scaffolds. Freedom from restenosis was 91.7% and 86.6% at 12 and 24 months, respectively, and freedom from CD-TLR was 97.2% and 96.6%. Major amputation occurred in 1.6% of the limbs. Overall survival was 85% at 24 months. In conclusion, this pooled analysis represents the largest reported analysis of mid-term results of the Absorb BVS for the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia. At 24 months, the Absorb BVS was safe with promising clinical outcomes for the treatment of infrapopliteal disease.
The draft updated NICE guidance for ME/CFS highlights the unreliability of subjective outcome measures in non-blinded trials
Authors: Vink Mark , Vink-Niese Alexandra
Published: January 2021

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recently published its draft updated guideline on the diagnosis and management of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). NICE concluded that ME/CFS is a complex multisystem chronic medical condition for which graded exercise therapy should not be used and cognitive behavioural therapy is only a supportive therapy and not a treatment or cure. The draft guidance also highlighted the unreliability of subjective outcome measures in non-blinded trials. High quality randomised controlled ME/CFS trials are now needed to find pharmacological treatments that lead to substantial objective improvement and restore the ability to work.
Mental health, broad autism phenotype and psychological inflexibility in mothers of young children with autism spectrum disorder in Australia: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kulasinghe Kavindri , Whittingham Koa , Mitchell Amy E
Published: January 2021

Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder are more likely to have features of the broad autism phenotype and adverse mental health outcomes. The broad autism phenotype can contribute to poorer mental health; however, the mechanism behind this relationship remains uncertain. This study investigated both the predictors of mental health and the relationship between the broad autism phenotype and mental health symptoms in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. This cross-sectional survey recruited 232 Australian mothers (⩾18 years) of children with autism spectrum disorder (0–10 years) and assessed maternal broad autism phenotype, mental health, adult attachment style, degree of social support and parenting experience. Hierarchical multiple regressions, t-tests, correlations and mediation analyses were conducted. Psychological inflexibility was the greatest unique predictor of anxious, depressive and stress symptomatology. Challenging parenting experiences predicted depressive, anxious and stress symptomatology while the broad autism phenotype also uniquely predicted anxious symptoms. Both psychological inflexibility and challenging parenting experiences were significant mediators of the relationships between the broad autism phenotype and depressive symptoms and between the broad autism phenotype and anxiety. Psychological inflexibility alone mediated the relationship between the broad autism phenotype and stress. Targeting psychological inflexibility and supporting parenting are promising avenues for future interventions to support the mental health of mothers of young children with autism spectrum disorder.

Lay abstract

Mothers of children with autism tend to have poorer mental health outcomes compared to most mothers. Lack of social support, parenting challenges and relationship difficulties are more common for mothers of children with autism and can all affect maternal mental health. Mothers of children with autism are also more likely to have some autistic features, called the broad autism phenotype, that can contribute to poorer mental health; however, how these factors relate to one another are unclear. This study found that mothers who were less flexible in their thinking and behaviour and had more difficult parenting experiences tended to have poorer mental health. Mothers with more autistic features were less flexible in their thinking and behaviour, which, in turn, was linked to greater symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Mothers with greater autistic features also reported more difficult parenting experiences, which was in turn linked with greater symptoms of anxiety and depression. This study suggests that supporting mothers of young children with autism to manage parenting challenges and become more flexible with their thinking and behaviour could help to improve their mental health.
Torsional behavior of RC beams strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Silva Leandro Ferreira , Sánchez Filho Emil de Souza , Silva Filho Julio Jeronimo Holtz
Published: January 2021

This paper shows a theoretical model for reinforced concrete beams subjected to torsion and strengthened with composite of carbon fibers (CFRP). It is based on researches of Michael Collins and collaborators and approaches the theory of diagonal compressive field. This model was inserted in a mathematic software, due to the need of interactions to obtain the torsion and torsion angles. The validation of theoretical values was realized through the results of tests obtained from the literature and it was understood that the model is valid and conservative for the ultimate torsion in most of the studies carried out. However, the beams that had the geometric ratios width and height b/h < 0.5 and the ratio between the cover and the smaller dimension of the d/cob element ≤6 had not so accurate results.
Segmenting anti-Muslim sentiment in Australia: Insights for the diverse project of countering Islamophobia
Authors: Dunn Kevin M , Diallo Thierno MO , Sharples Rachel
Published: January 2021

Islamophobia is a global issue. Our nationwide survey of Australians, undertaken in 2015 and 2016, reveals the extent of this national calamity in Australia. But Islamophobia is not universal in its manifestation. Latent Class Analysis was used to develop a typology of Islamophobia in Australia. The results place Australians in four classes based on their perception of Islam: Islamophobes (13% of the population); those who are unsure about diversity and have some concerns about Muslims (24%), those with progressive attitudes about diversity but with concerns about Muslims (50%); and progressives who have no concerns about Muslims (13%). We offer a conceptual challenge to those who assert that there is a singular, legitimate approach to challenging Islamophobia. Our analysis offers a pragmatic enablement of the diverse work of those anti-racist practitioners who undertake the day-to-day work of challenging Islamophobia in our schools, workplaces, community and recreation venues.
Sometimes, More Is More: Antiseizure Medication polytherapy Is Associated With Decreased SUDEP Risk
Authors: Lee Jong Woo
Published: January 2021

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Archives in Neighborhood Businesses: A Case Study on Presence and Characteristics
Authors: Wiles Bradley J.
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the potential role archives play in supporting commercial activity in everyday non-institutional settings. It is based around an exploratory case study of archives’ presence and characteristics in neighborhood bars and restaurants in a large Midwestern city. Using unobtrusive field observations and incorporating concepts and frameworks from the business and marketing psychology fields related to authenticity and nostalgia, the study offers insight into the decision-making processes around the use and value of archives, history, and heritage as a business strategy. The findings, based on observations and data gathering at select business locations, indicate extensive use of archival materials in a wide variety of visually engaging formats. The archival materials contribute to a history-informed aesthetic that gives each subject location a distinctive character. This study lays the groundwork for continued inquiry into business utilization and value of archives and recommends further research into the perceptions of business owners and customers on the role of archives in public commercial spaces.
A corpus-based study of representation of Islam and Muslims in American media: Critical Discourse Analysis Approach
Authors: Li Ke , Zhang Qiang
Published: January 2021

Media representations have significant power to shape opinions and influence public response to communities or groups around the world. This study investigates media representations of Islam and Muslims in the American media, drawing upon an analysis of reports in the New York Times over a 17-year period (from Jan.1, 2000 to Dec. 31, 2016) within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis. It examines how Islam and Muslims are represented in media coverage and how discursive power is penetrated step by step through such media representations. Most important, it investigates whether Islam and Muslims have been stigmatized through stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. The findings reveal that the New York Times’ representations of Islam and Muslims are negative and stereotypical: Islam is stereotyped as the unacclimatized outsider and the turmoil maker and Muslims as the negative receiver. The stereotypes contribute to people’s prejudice, such as Islamophobia from the “us” group and fear of the “them” group but do not support a strong conclusion of discrimination.
Queering Movements, Activist Affect and Collective Autoethnography
Authors: Holman Jones Stacy , Harris Dan
Published: January 2021

This article considers the idea of activist affect, or when things—bodies, ideas, energies, even objects—come together, connected in what Gregg Seigworth and Melissa Gregg term “forces of encounter.” Kathleen Stewart argues that affect offers us broad-ranging ways of exploring “what happens to people, how force hits bodies, how sensibilities circulate and become … collective.” Activist affect can range from intensities on the skin to the air of a gathering march to the stillness in a crowd when someone counts down the time it takes to kill 17 and injure 15 young people in a school shooting spree. Thinking of activism through the lens of queer and affect theory allows us to reimagine how both collaborative autoethnography and social “movements” happen as well as what they look like and what they can do.
Information on Averted Infections Increased Perceived Efficacy of Regulations and Intentions to Follow Them
Authors: Katzir Maayan , Liberman Nira
Published: January 2021

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presented policymakers with the need to change people’s behavior in a fundamental way and for an extended period of time. Changing habits is difficult and requires sustained effort, and sustaining effort is especially difficult when it does not seem to yield conspicuous results. The COVID-19 pandemic presented exactly this difficulty, as numbers of infected people continued to rise despite the public’s efforts. In a representative sample from Israel ( N = 600), collected online during the first outbreak of the pandemic, we found that compared to control conditions in which information on only actual infection cases was presented, counterfactual information on the number of averted cases enhances the perceived effectiveness of following the guidelines, which, in turn, enhances perceived importance and intention of doing so (e.g., intention to restrict mobility), but only among those who understood the information. The findings align with self-regulation theories and have practical implications for policymakers.
Triple co-culture and perfusion bioreactor for studying the interaction between Neisseria gonorrhoeae and neutrophils: A novel 3D tissue model for bacterial infection and immunity
Authors: Heydarian Motaharehsadat , Schweinlin Matthias , Schwarz Thomas , Rawal Ravisha , Walles Heike , Metzger Marco , Rudel Thomas , Kozjak-Pavlovic Vera
Published: January 2021

Gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is characterized by a large number of neutrophils recruited to the site of infection. Therefore, proper modeling of the N. gonorrhoeae interaction with neutrophils is very important for investigating and understanding the mechanisms that gonococci use to evade the immune response. We have used a combination of a unique human 3D tissue model together with a dynamic culture system to study neutrophil transmigration to the site of N. gonorrhoeae infection. The triple co-culture model consisted of epithelial cells (T84 human colorectal carcinoma cells), human primary dermal fibroblasts, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells on a biological scaffold (SIS). After the infection of the tissue model with N. gonorrhoeae, we introduced primary human neutrophils to the endothelial side of the model using a perfusion-based bioreactor system. By this approach, we were able to demonstrate the activation and transmigration of neutrophils across the 3D tissue model and their recruitment to the site of infection. In summary, the triple co-culture model supplemented by neutrophils represents a promising tool for investigating N. gonorrhoeae and other bacterial infections and interactions with the innate immunity cells under conditions closely resembling the native tissue environment.
Children’s responsibilities in a Brazilian community: Citizenship as care practices
Authors: Lara Juliana Siqueira de , Castro Lucia Rabello de
Published: January 2021

This article discusses children’s responsibility in care practices from a relational perspective. The aim is to understand how responsible action takes place and is experienced in the lives of children who reside in a community in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We interrogate the universalist sense of the notion of responsibility regarded as a juridical duty to be met in order that children’s citizenship can be validated. An ethnographic research project with children from 4 to 12 years of age was carried out over a period of 5 months. The results show that children’s actions address moral issues referring back on what they judge to be valuable to secure in relevant relationships rather than on learnt prescribed rules of behavior. The analysis points to the importance of foregrounding the affective and relation dimension of children’s citizenship illustrated here as caring practices in processes of interdependence.
Knowledge, perception and attitudes toward epilepsy among medical students at King Abdulaziz University
Authors: Shihata Salah Sabry , Abdullah Turki Salah , Alfaidi Abdulrahman Mansour , Alasmari Ammar Ali , Alfaidi Talal Mansour , Bifari Anas Essa , Jamal Wisam H , Rizk Hisham A
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by repetitive seizures which could occur in different forms depending on the site of brain disturbance. It has both psychological as well as social effects resulting in stigmatization and isolation of epileptic patients. Even though medical students are considered a role model of well-educated communities, previous studies showed that students lack the satisfactory knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy, so it is important to evaluate the concept of epilepsy and to measure awareness and attitudes toward epileptic patients among medical students of King Abdulaziz University. The aim of this study is to determine knowledge, perception and attitudes toward epilepsy among medical students at King Abdulaziz University.

Methods:

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 455 medical students from Faculty of medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Western region) through a web-based survey in July 2018. The survey is composed of many sections (demographic variables, knowledge, attitudes and practices toward epilepsy). The survey was applied as a Google form and the data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS for Windows, version 21.0. The chi-square test of independence was used for data analysis.

Results:

Four hundred thirty-six out of 455 students (98.5%) were aware about epilepsy. However, the level of knowledge varies depending on the educational level of these students, because 88.5% of the students responded that brain injury is the most common cause and 57.3% said it is a genetic disease, while 3.7% stated that it was due to evil spirit. As a treatment method, medication and God’s help were chosen by 95.8% and 57.8%, respectively. Objection to marry an epileptic patient was the most common negative attitude toward epileptics among the participants. Nonetheless, the overall attitude was found to be positive.

Conclusion:

King Abdulaziz University medical students have had some misunderstandings regarding causes, manifestations and treatment of epilepsy which could affect their attitudes toward epileptic individuals. Educational programs which include more clinical exposure to such common diseases are required to improve students’ impressions of these diseases.