bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Isoniazid and Its Four Primary Metabolites in Plasma of Tuberculosis Patients Using LC-MS/MS
Authors: Ky Anh Nguyen , My Tung Pham , Kim Min Jung , Phuoc Long Nguyen , Cho Yong-Soon , Kim Dong-Hyun , Shin Jae-Gook
Published: December 2022

Isoniazid and its metabolites are potentially associated with hepatotoxicity and treatment outcomes in patients who receive antituberculosis (TB) therapy. To further understand the pharmacokinetic profiles of these molecules, a method based on LC-MS/MS was developed to determine the concentration of these compounds in human plasma. Isoniazid, acetylisoniazid, and isonicotinic acid were directly analyzed, whereas hydrazine and acetylhydrazine were determined after derivatization using p-tolualdehyde. Chromatographic separation was conducted on reversed-phase C18 columns with gradient elution, and detection was carried out in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.9947 for all analytes. The intra- and inter-day precision was less than 13.43%, and the accuracy ranged between 91.63 and 114.00%. The recovery and matrix effect of the analytes were also consistent (coefficient of variation was less than 9.36%). The developed method successfully quantified isoniazid and its metabolites in TB patients. The method has broad applications in clinical research, including isoniazid one-point-based therapeutic drug monitoring, genotype–phenotype association studies of isoniazid metabolic profile and isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity, and the initial dose prediction of isoniazid using population pharmacokinetic modeling.
Preparation of Dendrobium officinale Flower Anthocyanin and Extended Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Li Shuangxi , Wang Jianfeng , Zhang Liangliang , Zheng Yang , Ma Guorong , Sun Xiaoming , Yuan Jianfeng
Published: December 2022

The Dendrobium officinale flower is a non-medicinal part of the plant, rich in a variety of nutrients and bioactive ingredients. The purpose of this article was to explore the preparation conditions of anthocyanins (ACNs) from the D. officinale flower. Subsequently, its anti-aging effects were evaluated with Caenorhabditis elegans. Results showed that the ACNs had antioxidant activities on scavenging free radicals (DPPH· and ABTS+·), and the clearance rate was positively correlated with the dose. Additionally, ACNs significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in C. elegans, which was 2.068-fold higher than that of the control. Treatment with ACNs at 150 μL extended the lifespan of C. elegans by 56.25%, and treatment with ACNs at 50 μL promoted fecundity in C. elegans. Finally, the protective effect of ACNs enhanced stress resistance, thereby increasing the survival numbers of C. elegans, which provided insights for the development and practical application of functional products.
The Anti-Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Study on 1,3-diamino-7H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinazoline Compounds
Authors: Wu Han , Chen Hongtong , Zhang Jungan , Hu Xinxin , Xie Chunyang , Cao Weiting , Zhao Ziqi , Xiao Zengshuo , Ren Yixin , Dong Luyao , Sun Peiyi , You Xuefu , Yang Xinyi , Hong Wei , Wang Hao
Published: December 2022

As a major public health problem, the prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infections in hospitals due to the pathogen’s multiple-antibiotic resistance has attracted extensive attention. We previously reported a series of 1,3-diamino-7H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinazoline (PQZ) compounds, which were designed by targeting Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (ecDHFR), and exhibited potent antibacterial activities. In the current study, based on our molecular-modeling study, it was proposed that PQZ compounds may function as potent A. baumannii DHFR (abDHFR)-inhibitors as well, which inspired us to consider their anti-A. baumannii abilities. We further found that three PQZ compounds, OYYF-171, -172, and -175, showed significant antibacterial activities against A. baumannii, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, which are significantly stronger than the typical DHFR-inhibitor, trimethoprim (TMP), and superior to, or comparable to, the other tested antibacterial agents belonging to β-lactam, aminoglycoside, and quinolone. The significant synergistic effect between the representative compound OYYF-171 and the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS)-inhibitor sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) was observed in both the microdilution-checkerboard assay and time-killing assay, which indicated that using SMZ in combination with PQZ compounds could help to reduce the required dosage and forestall resistance. Our study shows that PQZ is a promising scaffold for the further development of folate-metabolism inhibitors against MDR A. baumannii.
Effect of Celeriac Pulp Maceration by Rhizopus sp. Pectinase on Juice Quality
Authors: Jaworska Grażyna , Szarek Natalia , Hanus Paweł
Published: December 2022

Peeled and unpeeled celeriac pulp was macerated with pectinase from Rhizopus sp. at 25 °C for 30 and 60 min. Peeling, enzyme addition, and maceration time significantly affected the quality characteristics of the juice. The juice obtained from peeled celeriac was characterized by higher pressing yield, sucrose content, and antioxidant activity (ABTS*+ and DPPH*). The juice from the unpeeled root had higher extract, fructose, glucose, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity (FRAP), total phenolic acids, and total luteolin content. Applying the enzyme to celeriac pulp had no significant effect on the extract’s content, analyzed sugars, and antioxidant activity of the juices (ABTS*+). Adding pectinase to unpeeled celery pulp resulted in a 2–10% increase in pressing efficiency, compared to the control sample held at 25 °C for the same period. Maceration of the enzyme-peeled pulp increased the antioxidant potential of the juice by 22% in the FRAP method. In contrast, in all juices analyzed, unpeeled and peeled roots increased antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH* method by 24–57% and total phenolic acids by 20–57%. The time of holding the pulp at 25 °C was an important factor, and its extension resulted in a decrease in the values of most of the analyzed parameters, with the exception of pressing efficiency and fructose content in all analyzed juice samples. Short-term, 30-min maceration of peeled and unpeeled celery pulp with pectinase from Rhizopus sp. had a significant effect on increasing juice yield, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compound content.
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and N-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles for Voltametric Simultaneous Determination of Benserazide and Levodopa
Authors: da Silva Elisangela Pacheco , Araujo Mayara da Silva , Kunita Marcos H. , Matos Roberto , Medeiros Roberta Antigo
Published: December 2022

An electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of Benserazide (BEZ) and levodopa (L-dopa) was successfully developed using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with multi-walled carbon nanotube and nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (GCE/MWCNT/N-TiO2). Cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry were employed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of different working electrodes and analytes. In comparison with unmodified GCE, the modified electrode exhibited better electrocatalytic activity towards BEZ and L-dopa and was efficient in providing a satisfactory separation for oxidation peaks, with a potential difference of 140 mV clearly allows the simultaneous determination of these compounds. Under the optimized conditions, linear ranges of 2.0–20.0 and 2.0–70.0 μmol L−1 were obtained for BEZ and L-dopa, respectively, with a limit of detection of 1.6 µmol L−1 for BEZ and 2.0 µmol L−1 for L-dopa. The method was applied in simultaneous determination of the analytes in pharmaceutical samples, and the accuracy was attested by comparison with HPLC-DAD as the reference method, with a relative error lower than 4.0%.
Quality Characteristics of Novel Pasta Enriched with Non-Extruded and Extruded Blackcurrant Pomace
Authors: Gałkowska Dorota , Witczak Teresa , Pycia Karolina
Published: December 2022

Fruit pomace is a valuable by-product in terms of its chemical composition, which potential might be used through transformation of the pomace into food ingredients. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of partial (5% and 10%) substitution of powdered non-extruded or extruded blackcurrant pomace for semolina in pasta formula on nutritional and technological properties of the final product. The pasta was assessed for chemical composition, DPPH antiradical activity, color, cooking and textural properties. Presence of the by-products in the pasta resulted in increased total dietary fiber content (from 1.89 ± 0.06 up to 10.03 ± 0.15 g/100 g, dwb), fat content (from 1.29 ± 0.01 up to 2.70 ± 0.05 g/100 g, dwb) and DPPH antiradical activity (from 253 ± 15 up to 1037 ± 7 µmol TE/g, dwb), as well as in significantly different color (p < 0.05) as compared to the semolina-only pasta. The optimal cooking time was shortened by 1.0–1.5 min and by 2.0 min in the case of the lower and higher, respectively, level of pasta supplementation. The water absorption decreased by up to 32% in the enriched pasta. In general, the cooking loss remained unchanged. The uncooked product containing the extruded fruit pomace was characterized by significantly higher breaking strength (p < 0.05) as compared to the standard pasta. Presence of the pomace also affected texture of the cooked pasta, increasing its firmness and hardness and, when using the non-extruded pomace, the tensile strength. In our research, we have shown that durum wheat pasta enriched with 5 or 10% of powdered blackcurrant pomace or their extrudates constitute a food product of improved nutritional value and of appropriate textural characteristics, while maintaining culinary properties that meet pasta industry requirements.
Study on Oil Recovery Mechanism of Polymer-Surfactant Flooding Using X-ray Microtomography and Integral Geometry
Authors: Wang Daigang , Song Yang , Wang Ping , Li Guoyong , Niu Wenjuan , Shi Yuzhe , Zhao Liang
Published: December 2022

Understanding pore-scale morphology and distribution of remaining oil in pore space are of great importance to carry out in-depth tapping of oil potential. Taking two water-wet cores from a typical clastic reservoir in China as an example, X-ray CT imaging is conducted at different experimental stages of water flooding and polymer-surfactant (P-S) flooding by using a high-resolution X-ray microtomography. Based on X-ray micro-CT image processing, 3D visualization of rock microstructure and fluid distribution at the pore scale is achieved. The integral geometry newly developed is further introduced to characterize pore-scale morphology and distribution of remaining oil in pore space. The underlying mechanism of oil recovery by P-S flooding is further explored. The results show that the average diameter of oil droplets gradually decreases, and the topological connectivity becomes worse after water flooding and P-S flooding. Due to the synergistic effect of “1 + 1 > 2” between the strong sweep efficiency of surfactant and the enlarged swept volume of the polymer, oil droplets with a diameter larger than 124.58 μm can be gradually stripped out by the polymer-surfactant system, causing a more scattered distribution of oil droplets in pore spaces of the cores. The network-like oil clusters are still dominant when water flooding is continued to 98% of water cut, but the dominant pore-scale oil morphology has evolved from network-like to porous-type and isolated-type after P-S flooding, which can provide strong support for further oil recovery in the later stage of chemical flooding.
Green Downscaling of Solvent Extractive Determination Employing Coconut Oil as Natural Solvent with Smartphone Colorimetric Detection: Demonstrating the Concept via Cu(II) Assay Using 1,5-Diphenylcarbazide
Authors: Kesonkan Kullapon , Yeerum Chonnipa , Kiwfo Kanokwan , Grudpan Kate , Vongboot Monnapat
Published: December 2022

Coconut oil as a natural solvent is proposed for green downscaling solvent extractive determination. Determination of Cu(II) using 1,5-Diphenylcarbazide (DPC) was selected as a model for the investigation. Cu(II)-DPC complexes in aqueous solution were transferred into coconut oil phase. The change of the color due to Cu(II)-DPC complexes in coconut oil was followed by using a smartphone and image processing. A single standard concept was used for a series of Cu(II) standard solutions. A downscaling procedure using a 2 mL vial provided a calibration: color intensity = −142 [Cu(II)] + 222, (R2 = 0.98), 10% RSD. Using a well plate, a calibration was: color intensity = 61 [Cu(II)] + 68 (R2 = 0.91), 15% RSD. Both were for the range of 0–1 ppm Cu(II). Application of the developed procedure to water samples was demonstrated. The developed procedures provided a new approach of green chemical analysis.
Recent Advances in Excimer-Based Fluorescence Probes for Biological Applications
Authors: Chen Yi
Published: December 2022

The fluorescent probe is a powerful tool for biological sensing and optical imaging, which can directly display analytes at the molecular level. It provides not only direct visualization of biological structures and processes, but also the capability of drug delivery systems regarding the target therapy. Conventional fluorescent probes are mainly based on monomer emission which has two distinguishing shortcomings in practice: small Stokes shifts and short lifetimes. Compared with monomer-based emission, excimer-based fluorescent probes have large Stokes shifts and long lifetimes which benefit biological applications. Recent progress in excimer-based fluorescent sensors (organic small molecules only) for biological applications are highlighted in this review, including materials and mechanisms as well as their representative applications. The progress suggests that excimer-based fluorescent probes have advantages and potential for bioanalytical applications.
Milk-Compositional Study of Metabolites and Pathogens in the Milk of Bovine Animals Affected with Subclinical Mastitis
Authors: Ali Aarif , Mir Manzoor Ur Rahman , Ganie Showkat Ahmad , Mushtaq Saima , Bukhari Sarah I. , Alshehri Sultan , Rashid Shahzada Mudasir , Mir Tahir Maqbool , Rehman Muneeb U.
Published: December 2022

Bovine milk is an important food component in the human diet due to its nutrient-rich metabolites. However, bovine subclinical mastitis alters the composition and quality of milk. In present study, California mastitis testing, somatic cell count, pH, and electrical conductivity were used as confirmatory tests to detect subclinical mastitis. The primary goal was to study metabolome and identify major pathogens in cows with subclinical mastitis. In this study, 29 metabolites were detected in milk using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Volatile acidic compounds, such as hexanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, lauric acid, octanoic acid, n-decanoic acid, tricosanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, and hypogeic acid were found in milk samples, and these impart good flavor to the milk. Metaboanalyst tool was used for metabolic pathway analysis and principal component estimation. In this study, EC and pH values in milk were significantly increased (p < 0.0001), whereas fat (p < 0.04) and protein (p < 0.0002) significantly decreased in animals with subclinical mastitis in comparison to healthy animals. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen found (n = 54), followed by Escherichia coli (n = 30). Furthermore, antibiotic sensitivity revealed that Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive to gentamicin (79.6%), whereas Escherichia coli showed more sensitivity to doxycycline hydrochloride (80%).
In Vitro Study of Cytotoxic Mechanisms of Alkylphospholipids and Alkyltriazoles in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Models
Authors: Jesus Larissa de Oliveira Passos , de Souza Aline Aparecida , Torquato Heron Fernandes Vieira , Gontijo Vanessa Silva , Pereira de Freitas Rossimirian , Gesteira Tarsis Ferreira , Coulson-Thomas Vivien Jane , Torquato Ricardo José Soares , Tanaka Aparecida Sadae , Paredes-Gamero Edgar Julian , Judice Wagner Alves de Souza
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the efficacy of miltefosine, alkylphospholipid, and alkyltriazolederivative compounds against leukemia lineages. The cytotoxic effects and cellular and molecular mechanisms of the compounds were investigated. The inhibitory potential and mechanism of inhibition of cathepsins B and L, molecular docking simulation, molecular dynamics and binding free energy evaluation were performed to determine the interaction of cathepsins and compounds. Among the 21 compounds tested, C9 and C21 mainly showed cytotoxic effects in Jurkat and CCRF-CEM cells, two human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) lineages. Activation of induced cell death by C9 and C21 with apoptotic and necrosis-like characteristics was observed, including an increase in annexin-V+propidium iodide−, annexin-V+propidium iodide+, cleaved caspase 3 and PARP, cytochrome c release, and nuclear alterations. Bax inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, pepstatin, and necrostatin partially reduced cell death, suggesting that involvement of the caspase-dependent and -independent mechanisms is related to cell type. Compounds C9 and C21 inhibited cathepsin L by a noncompetitive mechanism, and cathepsin B by a competitive and noncompetitive mechanism, respectively. Complexes cathepsin-C9 and cathepsin-C21 exhibited significant hydrophobic interactions, water bridges, and hydrogen bonds. In conclusion, alkyltriazoles present cytotoxic activity against acute lymphoblastic lineages and represent a promising scaffold for the development of molecules for this application.
An Assessment of Mass Flows, Removal and Environmental Emissions of Bisphenols in a Sequencing Batch Reactor Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Vehar Anja , Kovačič Ana , Hvala Nadja , Škufca David , Levstek Marjetka , Stražar Marjetka , Žgajnar Gotvajn Andreja , Heath Ester
Published: December 2022

This study analyzed 16 bisphenols (BPs) in wastewater and sludge samples collected from different stages at a municipal wastewater treatment plant based on sequencing batch reactor technology. It also describes developing an analytical method for determining BPs in the solid phase of activated sludge based on solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Obtained concentrations are converted into mass flows, and the biodegradation of BPs and adsorption to primary and secondary sludge are determined. Ten of the sixteen BPs were present in the influent with concentrations up to 434 ng L−1 (BPS). Only five BPs with concentrations up to 79 ng L−1 (BPA) were determined in the plant effluent, accounting for 8 % of the total BPs determined in the influent. Eleven per cent of the total BPs were adsorbed on primary and secondary sludge. Overall, BPs biodegradation efficiency was 81%. The highest daily emissions via effluent release (1.48 g day−1) and sludge disposal (4.63 g day−1) were for BPA, while total emissions reached 2 g day−1 via effluent and 6 g day−1 via sludge disposal. The data show that the concentrations of BPs in sludge are not negligible, and their environmental emissions should be monitored and further studied.
The Influence of Lactic Acid Fermentation on Selected Properties of Pickled Red, Yellow, and Green Bell Peppers
Authors: Janiszewska-Turak Emilia , Witrowa-Rajchert Dorota , Rybak Katarzyna , Rolof Joanna , Pobiega Katarzyna , Woźniak Łukasz , Gramza-Michałowska Anna
Published: December 2022

Red, yellow, and green peppers are vegetables rich in natural pigments. However, they belong to seasonal vegetables and need to be treated to prolong their shelf life. One new approach to processing vegetables is to pickle them using lactic acid bacteria. The use of such a process creates a new product with high health value, thanks to the active ingredients and lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the applied strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the chemical properties, including the content of active compounds (pigments) and the physical properties of the peppers. Levilactobacillus brevis, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, and Lactoplantibacillus plantarum were used for fermentation and spontaneous fermentation. The pigments, polyphenols content, and antioxidant properties were determined in the pickled peppers, as well as sugar content, color, dry matter, texture properties, and the count of lactic acid bacteria. In all samples, similar growth of LAB was observed. Significant degradation of chlorophylls into pheophytins was observed after the fermentation process. No significant differences were observed in the parameters tested, depending on the addition of dedicated LAB strains. After the fermentation process, the vitamin C and total polyphenols content is what influenced the antioxidant activity of the samples. It can be stated that the fermentation process changed the red bell pepper samples in the smallest way and the green ones in the highest way.
Research Progress on Graphite-Derived Materials for Electrocatalysis in Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: He Shuaijie , Wu Mingjie , Li Song , Jiang Zhiyi , Hong Hanlie , Cloutier Sylvain G. , Yang Huaming , Omanovic Sasha , Sun Shuhui , Zhang Gaixia
Published: December 2022

High-performance electrocatalysts are critical to support emerging electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies. Graphite-derived materials, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, have been recognized as promising electrocatalysts and electrocatalyst supports for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Effective modification/functionalization of graphite-derived materials can promote higher electrocatalytic activity, stability, and durability. In this review, the mechanisms and evaluation parameters for the above-outlined electrochemical reactions are introduced first. Then, we emphasize the preparation methods for graphite-derived materials and modification strategies. We further highlight the importance of the structural changes of modified graphite-derived materials on electrocatalytic activity and stability. Finally, future directions and perspectives towards new and better graphite-derived materials are presented.
Antimicrobial Efficiency of Chitosan and Its Methylated Derivative against Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri Biofilms
Authors: Bajrami Diellza , Fischer Stephan , Barth Holger , Hossain Syed Imdadul , Cioffi Nicola , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: December 2022

Antimicrobial materials are considered potential alternatives to prevent the development of biofilm-associated contaminations. Concerns regarding synthetic preservatives necessitate the development of innovative and safe natural antimicrobials. In the present study, we discuss the in situ infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (IR-ATR) investigations of the selective antimicrobial efficiency of chitosan in controlling the growth of Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri biofilms. The protonated charges of chitosan were additionally amplified by structural modification via methylation, yielding quaternized derivative TMC (i.e., N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan). To evaluate antimicrobial effectiveness against L. parab. biofilms, IR-ATR spectroscopy provided information on molecular mechanisms and insights into chemical changes during real-time biofilm inhibition studies. The integrated fiberoptic oxygen microsensors enabled monitoring oxygen (O2) concentration gradients within biofilms, thereby confirming the metabolic oxygen depletion dropping from 4.5 to 0.7 mg L−1. IR studies revealed strong electrostatic interactions between chitosan/its water-soluble derivative and bacteria, indicating that a few hours were sufficient to affect biofilm disruption. The significant decrease in the IR bands is related to the characteristic spectral information of amide I, II, III, nucleic acid, and extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) produced by L. parabuchneri biofilms. Cell clusters of biofilms, microcolonies, and destabilization of the EPS matrix after the addition of biopolymers were visualized using optical microscopy. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of biofilms grown on polystyrene and stainless-steel surfaces was used to examine morphological changes, indicating the disintegration of the biofilm matrix into individual cells. Quantification of the total biofilm formation correlated with the CV assay results, indicating cell death and lysis. The electrostatic interactions between chitosan and the bacterial cell wall typically occur between protonated amino groups and negatively charged phospholipids, which promote permeabilization. Biofilm growth inhibition was assessed by a viability assay for a period of 72 h and in the range of low MIC values (varying 0.01–2%). These results support the potential of chitosan and TMC for bacterial growth prevention of the foodborne contaminant L. parabuchneri in the dairy industry and for further implementation in food packaging.
Protective Effects of Sophorae tonkinensis Gagnep. (Fabaceae) Radix et Rhizoma Water Extract on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury
Authors: Zhou Congcong , Liu Aijing , Liu Gengsong , Yang Cheng , Zhou Qiaoyan , Li Haizhu , Yang Hongchun , Yang Mengmeng , Li Gonghe , Si Hongbin , Ou Changbo
Published: December 2022

Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma (STR) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. STR can reduce aminotransferase activity; however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Here, we explored the potential therapeutic effects and hepatoprotective mechanism of STR on liver damage in mice. The chemical characteristics of the extract were characterized using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry fingerprinting, and its antioxidant capacity was verified using free radical scavenging tests. Forty-eight Kunming mice were randomly assigned into six groups. The model was made after the corresponding drug was given. The results showed that the STR water extract pretreatment significantly reduced serum aminotransferase and related liver function indicators compared with that in the model group. Furthermore, the STR water extract pretreatment significantly inhibited the apoptosis of liver cells, the level of liver high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and inflammatory factors in hepatic tissue compared with that in the model group, and significantly downregulated the levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) compared with those in the model group. Overall, the STR water extract exerted a significant protective effect on CCL4-induced acute liver injury in this study, and the accurate active ingredients of the STR water extract will be explored in the near future.
Alternative Ecosorbent for the Determination of Trihalomethanes in Aqueous Samples in SPME Mode
Authors: Sánchez-Duque Gustavo , Lozada-Castro Juan José , Hara Emerson Luis Yoshio , Grassi Marco Tadeu , Rosero-Moreano Milton , Ríos-Acevedo Jhon Jairo
Published: December 2022

A new sorbent material based on modified clay with ionic liquid immobilized into an agarose film was developed as part of this study. It was applied to determine organochlorine pollutants, like disinfection byproducts, through headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-electron capture detection (HS-SPME-GC-ECD). The disinfection byproducts determined in this study were used as model molecules because they were volatile compounds, with proven severe effects on human health. Their presence in aquatic environments is in trace concentrations (from pg L−1 to mg L−1). They are classified as emergent pollutants and their determination is a challenge for analytical chemists. The parameters which affected the extraction efficiency, i.e., number and distance between SPME discs, salt concentration, the temperature of extraction, extraction time, and desorption time, were optimized. A wide linear dynamic range of 10–1000 ng mL−1 and coefficients of determination better than 0.997 were achieved. The limits of detection and the limits of quantitation were found in the ranges of (1.7–3.7) ng mL−1 and (5.6–9.9) ng mL−1, respectively. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was better than 8%. The developed sorbent exhibits good adsorption affinity. The applicability of the proposed methodology for the analysis of trihalomethanes in environmental and water samples showed recoveries in the range of 86–95%. Finally, the newly created method fully complied with the principles of green chemistry. Due to the fact that the sorbent holder was made of agarose, which is a wholly biodegradable material, sorbent clay is a widespread material in nature. Moreover, the reagents intercalated into the montmorillonite are new green solvents, and during the whole procedure, low amounts of organic solvents were used.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Thickness Effects on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Pr2−δNi1−xMn1+xO6−y Double Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Bernal-Salamanca Mónica , Herrero-Martín Javier , Konstantinović Zorica , Balcells Lluis , Pomar Alberto , Martínez Benjamín , Frontera Carlos
Published: December 2022

In this work, we report a systematic study of the influence of film thickness on the structural and magnetic properties of epitaxial thin films of Pr2−δNi1−xMn1+xO6−y (PNMO) double perovskite grown on top of two different (001)-SrTiO3 and (001)-LaAlO3 substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. A strong dependence of the structural and magnetic properties on the film thickness is found. The ferromagnetic transition temperature (TC) and saturation magnetization (Ms) are found to decrease when reducing the film thickness. In our case, the thinnest films show a loss of ferromagnetism at the film-substrate interface. In addition, the electronic structure of some characteristic PNMO samples is deeply analyzed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements and compared with theoretical simulations. Our results show that the oxidation states of Ni and Mn ions are stabilized as Ni2+ and Mn4+, thus the ferromagnetism is mainly due to Ni2+-O-Mn4+ superexchange interactions, even in samples with poor ferromagnetic properties. XMCD results also make evident large variations on the spin and orbital contributions to the magnetic moment as the film’s thickness decreases.
Plasmonic Modes and Fluorescence Enhancement Coupling Mechanism: A Case with a Nanostructured Grating
Authors: Angelini Margherita , Manobianco Eliana , Pellacani Paola , Floris Francesco , Marabelli Franco
Published: December 2022

The recent development and technological improvement in dealing with plasmonic metasurfaces has triggered a series of interesting applications related to sensing challenges. Fluorescence has been one of the most studied tools within such a context. With this in mind, we used some well characterized structures supporting plasmonic resonances to study their influence on the emission efficiency of a fluorophore. An extended optical analysis and a complementary investigation through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations have been combined to understand the coupling mechanism between the excitation of plasmonic modes and the fluorescence absorption and emission processes. The results provide evidence of the spectral shape dependence of fluorescence on the plasmonic field distribution together with a further relationship connected with the enhancement of its signal. It has made evident that the spectral region characterized by the largest relative enhancement closely corresponds to the strongest signatures of the plasmonic modes, as described by both the optical measurements and the FDTD findings.
Metal Oxide Nanomaterials: From Fundamentals to Applications
Authors: Mao Yuanbing , Gupta Santosh K.
Published: December 2022

This Special Issue of Nanomaterials, “Metal Oxide Nanomaterials: From Fundamentals to Applications”, highlights the development and understanding of different types of metal oxide nanoparticles and their use for applications in luminescence, photocatalysis, water–oil separation, optoelectronics, gas sensors, energy-saving smart windows, etc [...]
Nano-Dimensional Carbon Nanosphere Supported Non-Precious Metal Oxide Composite: A Cathode Material for Sea Water Reduction
Authors: Jana Jayasmita , Van Phuc Tran , Chung Jin Suk , Choi Won Mook , Hur Seung Hyun
Published: December 2022

Generation of hydrogen fuel at cathode during the electrolysis of seawater can be economically beneficial considering the vast availability of the electrolyte although it faces sluggishness caused by the anode reactions. In this regard a carbon nanosphere-protected CuO/Co3O4 (CCuU) composite was synthesized through heat treatment and was used as the cathode material for electrocatalytic seawater splitting. CCuU showed a significantly low overpotential of 73 mV@10 mA cm−2, Tafel slope of 58 mV dec−1 and relatively constant activity and morphology over a long time electrocatalytic study. A synergy within metal oxide centers was observed that boosted the proton-electron transfer at the active site. Moreover, the presence of carbon support increased the electroactive surface area and stability of the composite. The activity of the CCuU was studied for HER in KOH and alkaline NaCl solution to understand the activity. This work will pave the way for designing mesoporous non-precious electrocatalysts towards seawater electrocatalysis.
Multi-Perspective Observation on the Prevalence of Food Allergy in the General Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Wenfeng , Zhou Chunyan , Min Fangfang , Wu Yong , Li Xin , Tong Ping , Chen Hongbing
Published: December 2022

Reliable estimates of the prevalence of food allergy (FA) among the general Chinese population have remained unclear. This meta-analysis aims to provide an accurate estimate of FA prevalence in China with comprehensive data. A systematic literature search was conducted in eight electronic databases, i.e., China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Weipu, China Biology Medicine, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase. A random-effects model was used to analyze the pooled prevalence of FA for four different assessment methods. A total of 46 eligible articles were included in the narrative synthesis, and 41 articles were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled prevalence of self-reported FA, self-reported physician-diagnosed FA, SPT (specific skin prick test)-positive FA, and OFC (open food challenge)-positive FA were 11.5% (95% CI: 9.8–13.5%), 5.3% (95% CI: 4.2–6.5%), 11.6% (95% CI: 9.6–14.1%), and 6.2% (95% CI: 4.4–8.7%), respectively. Subgroup analyses suggested that the prevalence of FA was affected by age, year of data collection, region, and sample size, but not by gender. This meta-analysis indicated that FA is common among Chinese people, with an increasing trend in prevalence during the past two decades. Given the high heterogenicity between these studies, a national survey with a large sample size based on standardized diagnosis is urgently needed to gain a more scientific understanding of the actual situation of food allergy in China.
Comprehensive Analysis of Seasonal and Geographical Variation in UVB Radiation Relevant for Vitamin D Production in Europe
Authors: Khanna Tarinee , Shraim Rasha , Zarkovic Masa , van Weele Michiel , van Geffen Jos , Zgaga Lina
Published: December 2022

Dermal synthesis, following sun exposure, is the main source of vitamin D. This study characterizes ambient UVB radiation relevant for vitamin D production in Europe. A biological weighing function was applied to data from the Tropospheric Emissions Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS) for 46 capital cities over an 18-year period (2004–2021) to isolate wavelengths relevant for vitamin D production (D-UVB). Cumulative and weighted D-UVB (CW-D-UVB) were calculated to approximate seasonal vitamin D accumulation and diminution. Monthly 25(OH)D concentration measurements were extracted from published reports. All data were analyzed by location and time. Despite a moderate latitudinal range (35–64° N), we observed large—up to five-fold—regional differences: the highest mean diurnal D-UVB dose of 5.57 kJ/m2 (SD = 3.55 kJ/m2) was observed in Nicosia (Cyprus) and the lowest in Reykjavik (Iceland, 1.16 ± 1.29 kJ/m2). Seasonal differences in diurnal D-UVB dose were even more pronounced, with a median 36-fold difference between annual peak and trough depending on a location (range: 10- to 525-fold). The mean duration of “vitamin D winter” was 126 days but varied widely (4 to 215 days). Monthly CW-D-UVB and 25(OH)D changes were very strongly correlated: the changes in 25(OH)D concentration increased by 12.6 nmol/L for every 100 kJ/m2 increment of CW-D-UVB in population-based studies (r2 = 0.79, p-value = 1.16 × 10−37). Understanding the differences in D-UVB radiation can help understand determinants of vitamin D status and guide region- and season-specific safe and effective sunlight exposure recommendations and vitamin D supplementation guidelines.
Longitudinal Association of Telomere Dynamics with Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in Young Children
Authors: Toupance Simon , Karampatsou Sofia I. , Labat Carlos , Genitsaridi Sofia-Maria , Tragomalou Athanasia , Kassari Penio , Soulis George , Hollander Allyson , Charmandari Evangelia , Benetos Athanase
Published: December 2022

In adults, short leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. These associations could stem from early life interactions between LTL and metabolic disorders. To test this hypothesis, we explored the associations between LTL and metabolic parameters as well as their evolution over time in children with or without obesity at baseline. Seventy-three (n = 73) children attending our Outpatient Clinic for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence, aged 2–10 years (mean ± SD: 7.6 ± 2.0 years), were followed for 2 to 4 years. Anthropometric, clinical, and biological (including LTL by Southern blot) measurements were performed annually. Baseline LTL correlated negatively with BMI (p = 0.02), fat percentage (p = 0.01), and blood glucose (p = 0.0007). These associations persisted after adjustments for age and sex. No associations were found between LTL attrition during the follow-up period and any of the metabolic parameters. In young children, obesity and metabolic disturbances were associated with shorter telomeres but were not associated with more pronounced LTL attrition. These results suggest that short telomeres contribute to the development of obesity and metabolic disorders very early in life, which can have a major impact on health.
Improved Stability and In Vitro Anti-Arthritis Bioactivity of Curcumin–Casein Nanoparticles by Ultrasound-Driven Encapsulation
Authors: Li Kexin , Zhang Yahui , Hao Xueyan , Xie Dongchao , Wang Chongchong , Zhang Haihua , Jin Peng , Du Qizhen
Published: December 2022

Curcumin possesses beneficial biological functions, namely anti-inflammation and anti-diabetic functions. However, due to its low solubility and crystallinity, its applications are limited. In this work, curcumin was encapsulated in casein micelles in order to form curcumin-casein nanoparticles by ultrasound treatment (5 min). The ultrasound treatment induced the entry of the hydrophobic groups to the inner micelles and the polar sulfydryl groups to the surface of the micelles in order to form compact curcumin-casein nanoparticles of an appropriate size (100–120 nm) for cellular endocytosis. The product exhibited excellent stability during 8 months of cold storage, 6 days at room temperature, and 2 days at body temperature. Advanced in vitro experiments demonstrated that curcumin-casein nanoparticles displayed significantly greater inhibitory activity against the proliferation and proinflammatory cytokines of human fibroblast-like synoviocyte-osteo arthritis (HFLS-OA) cells and HFLS-rheumatoid (RA) cells than native curcumin due to better cellular uptake as a result of the low crystallinity and the appropriate nano-size of the nano-form. The results provide a reference for the use of ultrasound treatment to encapsulate other drug molecules and curcumin-casein nanoparticles as potential treatment for arthritis.
Effect of Inulin Intervention on Metabolic Control and Methylation of INS and IRS1 Genes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Martínez-Ramírez Ollin Celeste , Salazar-Piña Azucena , Cerón-Ramírez Ximena , Rubio-Lightbourn Julieta , Torres-Romero Fernando , Casas-Avila Leonora , Castro-Hernández Clementina
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims: Currently, treatments are being sought to improve the control of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and inulin has been shown to be effective in reducing glucose levels and other metabolic control parameters. These effects on metabolic control may be associated with changes in the epigenetic modulation of genes of the insulin pathway. Therefore, our objective is to determine the effect of agave inulin in metabolic control parameters and in INS and IRS1 genes’ methylation in T2DM patients. Methods: This was a longitudinal experimental study with 67 Mexican participants who received an intervention of inulin agave (10 g daily) for 2 months. The methylation of the INS and IRS1 genes was determined by MSP. Results: For the INS gene, we found a significant decrease in the proportions of T2DM patients with methylated DNA after inulin intervention (p = 0.0001). In contrast, the difference in the proportions of the unmethylated IRS1 gene before and after the inulin intervention was not significant (p = 0.79). On the other hand, we observed changes in the number of T2DM patients’ recommended categories for metabolic control depending on the methylation of INS and IRS1 genes before and after treatment with inulin. Conclusion: For the first time, we report the modification in the methylation of two genes, INS and IRS1, of the insulin pathway and provide information on the possible relevant role of epigenetics as a key factor in positive changes in metabolic control parameters by inulin intake in T2DM patients.
Vitamin D and Systems Biology
Authors: Hussain Shahid , Yates Clayton , Campbell Moray J.
Published: December 2022

The biological actions of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been investigated intensively for over 100 years and has led to the identification of significant insights into the repertoire of its biological actions. These were initially established to be centered on the regulation of calcium transport in the colon and deposition in bone. Beyond these well-known calcemic roles, other roles have emerged in the regulation of cell differentiation processes and have an impact on metabolism. The purpose of the current review is to consider where applying systems biology (SB) approaches may begin to generate a more precise understanding of where the VDR is, and is not, biologically impactful. Two SB approaches have been developed and begun to reveal insight into VDR biological functions. In a top-down SB approach genome-wide scale data are statistically analyzed, and from which a role for the VDR emerges in terms of being a hub in a biological network. Such approaches have confirmed significant roles, for example, in myeloid differentiation and the control of inflammation and innate immunity. In a bottom-up SB approach, current biological understanding is built into a kinetic model which is then applied to existing biological data to explain the function and identify unknown behavior. To date, this has not been applied to the VDR, but has to the related ERα and identified previously unknown mechanisms of control. One arena where applying top-down and bottom-up SB approaches may be informative is in the setting of prostate cancer health disparities.
Identifying Predictors for Minimum Dietary Diversity and Minimum Meal Frequency in Children Aged 6–23 Months in Uganda
Authors: Scarpa Giulia , Berrang-Ford Lea , Galazoula Maria , Kakwangire Paul , Namanya Didacus B. , Tushemerirwe Florence , Ahumuza Laura , Cade Janet E.
Published: December 2022

Adequate complementary foods contribute to good health and growth in young children. However, many countries are still off-track in achieving critical complementary feeding indicators, such as minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). In this study, we used the 2016 Ugandan Demographic Health Survey (UDHS) data to assess child feeding practices in young children aged 6–23 months. We assess and describe complementary feeding indicators (MMF, MDD and MAD) for Uganda, considering geographic variation. We construct multivariable logistic regression models—stratified by age—to evaluate four theorized predictors of MMF and MDD: health status, vaccination status, household wealth and female empowerment. Our findings show an improvement of complementary feeding practice indicators in Uganda compared to the past, although the MAD threshold was reached by only 22% of children. Children who did not achieve 1 or more complementary feeding indicators are primarily based in the northern regions of Uganda. Cereals and roots were the foods most consumed daily by young children (80%), while eggs were rarely eaten. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that health status, vaccination status and wealth were significantly positively associated with MDD and MMF, while female empowerment was not. Improving nutrition in infant and young children is a priority. Urgent nutritional policies and acceptable interventions are needed to guarantee nutritious and age-appropriate complementary foods to each Ugandan child in the first years of life.
A 60-Day Green Tea Extract Supplementation Counteracts the Dysfunction of Adipose Tissue in Overweight Post-Menopausal and Class I Obese Women
Authors: Rondanelli Mariangela , Gasparri Clara , Perna Simone , Petrangolini Giovanna , Allegrini Pietro , Fazia Teresa , Bernardinelli Luisa , Cavioni Alessandro , Mansueto Francesca , Oberto Letizia , Patelli Zaira , Tartara Alice , Riva Antonella
Published: December 2022

Menopause is characterized by weight gain and increased visceral fat, which acts as an endocrine organ secreting proinflammatory adipocytokines, with consequent increased risk of metabolic disorders. The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial was to evaluate the effects of a 60-day dietary supplementation using Camellia sinensis leaf extract on adipose tissue dysfunction in overweight or class I obese post-menopausal, sedentary women. Primary endpoints were the respiratory quotient (RQ), the percentage of carbohydrates (%CHO), the percentage of fat oxidation (%FAT), and the resting energy expenditure (REE) measured by indirect calorimetry. Secondary endpoints included body composition, by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), glucose profile, lipid profile, inflammatory state, liver and kidney function, hormonal status regarding satiety, and status of catecholamines. Twenty-eight women were randomized into two groups: 14 (BMI 31.1 ± 3.5) were supplemented and 14 (BMI 31.9 ± 2.2) received placebo. In regards to the between-group differences over time (β), a statistically significant difference between the supplemented and placebo group was observed for: RQ (β = −0.04, p = 0.009), % fat oxidation (β = 11.04, p = 0.0006), insulin (β = −1.74, p = 0.009), HOMA (β = −0.31, p = 0.02), waist circumference (β = −1.07, p = 0.007), REE (β = 83.21, p = 0.009), and CRP (β = −0.14, p = 0.02). These results demonstrate that a 60-day green tea extract supplementation counteracts the dysfunction of adipose tissue in overweight post-menopausal and class I obese women.