bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Tables 2 -5 from A Kinome-Wide Synthetic Lethal CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Reveals That mTOR Inhibition Prevents Adaptive Resistance to CDK4/CDK6 Blockade in HNSCC
Authors: Goto Yusuke , Koshizuka Keiichi , Ando Toshinori , Izumi Hiroki , Wu Xingyu , Sato Kuniaki , Ishikawa Tomohiko , Ford Kyle , Feng Xiaodong , Wang Zhiyong , Arang Nadia , Allevato Michael M. , Kishore Ayush , Mali Prashant , Gutkind J. Silvio
Published: July 2024

List of dropout sgRNAs, non-targeting control sgRNAs, selected sensitizing genes, and KEGG pathway analysis of sensitizing genes
Supplementary Figure 4 from A Kinome-Wide Synthetic Lethal CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Reveals That mTOR Inhibition Prevents Adaptive Resistance to CDK4/CDK6 Blockade in HNSCC
Authors: Goto Yusuke , Koshizuka Keiichi , Ando Toshinori , Izumi Hiroki , Wu Xingyu , Sato Kuniaki , Ishikawa Tomohiko , Ford Kyle , Feng Xiaodong , Wang Zhiyong , Arang Nadia , Allevato Michael M. , Kishore Ayush , Mali Prashant , Gutkind J. Silvio
Published: July 2024

Combination therapy with INK128 and palbociclib is effective against HNSCC xenograft
Supplementary Figure 3 from A Kinome-Wide Synthetic Lethal CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Reveals That mTOR Inhibition Prevents Adaptive Resistance to CDK4/CDK6 Blockade in HNSCC
Authors: Goto Yusuke , Koshizuka Keiichi , Ando Toshinori , Izumi Hiroki , Wu Xingyu , Sato Kuniaki , Ishikawa Tomohiko , Ford Kyle , Feng Xiaodong , Wang Zhiyong , Arang Nadia , Allevato Michael M. , Kishore Ayush , Mali Prashant , Gutkind J. Silvio
Published: July 2024

Upregulation of CCNE1 by palbociclib confers resistance to palbociclib, which can be reverted by INK128
Figure 2 from A Kinome-Wide Synthetic Lethal CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Reveals That mTOR Inhibition Prevents Adaptive Resistance to CDK4/CDK6 Blockade in HNSCC
Authors: Goto Yusuke , Koshizuka Keiichi , Ando Toshinori , Izumi Hiroki , Wu Xingyu , Sato Kuniaki , Ishikawa Tomohiko , Ford Kyle , Feng Xiaodong , Wang Zhiyong , Arang Nadia , Allevato Michael M. , Kishore Ayush , Mali Prashant , Gutkind J. Silvio
Published: July 2024

Combination of INK128 and palbociclib showed strong synergism in HNSCC cells in vitro. A, Cell viability of Cal27 and HN12 treated with siRNAs for 24 hours, followed by INK128 (30 nmol/L) treatment for another 48 hours, was measured (mean ± SEM, n = 4). B, Effect of INK128 on Cal27 HNSCC cells. INK128 potently blocked the cell viability with a GI50 of 42 nmol/L for Cal27 HNSCC cells (mean ± SEM, n = 3). C, Effect of palbociclib on Cal27 HNSCC cells. GI50 for palbociclib was 1.27 µmol/L for Cal27 cells (mean ± SEM, n = 3). D, Analysis for synergism between INK128 and palbociclib using the Chou–Talalay method for Cal27 cells. CI was below 1 for most percentage of fractions when cells were treated with INK128 and palbociclib at 1:10 or 1:20 concentration, respectively. E, Factorial dose matrix for INK128 and palbociclib. F, Analysis for synergism between INK128 and palbociclib using the Bliss model. Strong synergism was observed with relatively higher INK128 concentration than GI50. G, Colony formation abilities of Cal27 treated with INK128 (20 nmol/L) and/or palbociclib (0.4 µmol/L) were measured. Representative stained colony image of each treatment group. The colony area of each treatment group was compared relative to controls (mean ± SEM, n = 3). H, Orosphere formation abilities of Cal27 treated with INK128 (20 nmol/L) and/or palbociclib (0.4 µmol/L) were measured. Representative sphere image of each treatment group. Orosphere volume of each treatment group was compared (mean ± SEM, n = 9). ****, P < 0.0001; ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05; ns, nonsignificant. P value was determined using one-way ANOVA with the Tukey post hoc test in G and H. P value was determined using two-way ANOVA with the Tukey post hoc test in A. Palbo, palbociclib. (Created with BioRender.com.)
Yttrium-90 Induces an Effector Memory Response with Neoantigen Clonotype Expansion: Implications for Immunotherapy
Authors: Núñez Kelley , Sandow Tyler , Gimenez Juan , Hibino Mina , Cohen Ari , Thevenot Paul
Published: July 2024

Yttrium-90 (90Y) transarterial radioembolization can safely and effectively treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinical trials combining 90Y with immunotherapy are aimed at improving treatment response rates. The impact of transient 90Y-induced lymphopenia on T-cell homeostasis and functional dynamics is unknown. Paired blood specimens were collected prior to first-cycle 90Y and at imaging follow-up in patients with HCC Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages A–B. Flow cytometry and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing were used to monitor changes in T-cell subsets and TCR repertoire following 90Y. Objective response (OR) rates were determined using modified RECIST and defined as either OR or nonobjective response. Time-to-progression (TTP) was defined as progression to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C within 6 months following 90Y. 90Y induced shifts in both CD4+ (P = 0.049) and CD8+ (P < 0.001) toward an effector memory T-cell response independent of treatment response rate. Nonresponders to 90Y were characterized by a sustained elevation in both naïve CD4+ cells (P = 0.019) and programmed cell death protein 1 expression in CD8+ cells (P = 0.003). Paired analysis of the TCR repertoire revealed a variable induction of neoantigen clonotypes and expansion of existing clonotypes independent of 90Y response. In patients with an OR, changes in TCR clonality did not influence TTP. However, polyclonal profiles in patients without an OR were associated with shorter TTP (P = 0.005; HR, 10.8) and 75% disease progression rates 6 months following treatment. 90Y induces a population shift from central to effector memory accompanied by neoantigen T-cell responses independent of treatment response rate. Monoclonal shifts in the post-90Y T-cell repertoire had superior overall TTP and improved TTP in patients with a first-cycle nonobjective response.

Significance:

90Y can safely treat HCC; however, it causes transient lymphopenia. In this article, 90Y stimulates a peripheral effector memory response independent of initial treatment response. TCR sequencing revealed that polyclonal profiles in patients without an OR to treatment were associated with rapid progression rates 6 months after 90Y.
The Effect of High-Salt Diet on Oxidative Stress Production and Vascular Function in Tff3−/−/C57BL/6N Knockout and Wild Type (C57BL/6N) Mice
Authors: Kozina Nataša , Jukić Ivana , Mihaljević Zrinka , Matić Anita , Dobrivojević Radmilović Marina , Barić Anja , Drenjančević Ines
Published: July 2024

Introduction: It is well documented that high-salt (HS) diet increases systemic and vascular oxidative stress in various animal models and in humans, leading to impairment of vascular reactivity. The present study examined the interaction of genotype and HS diet intake and the potential effects of oxidative stress – antioxidative system balance on the flow-induced dilation (FID) in pressurized carotid arteries of normotensive Tff3−/−/C57BL/6N knockout mice and their wild-type (WT) controls. Methods: Male, ten-week-old transgenic Tff3−/−/C57BL/6N (Tff3−/−) knockout mice and WT/C57BL/6N (WT) (parental strain) healthy mice were divided in LS (0.4% NaCl in rodent chow) and HS (4% NaCl in rodent chow fed for 1 week) groups. Additionally, LS and HS groups were treated with 1 mmol/L 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) dissolved in the drinking water. After anesthesia with ketamine chloride (100 mg/kg) and midazolam (5 mg/kg), blood pressure was measured, carotid arteries and aortas were isolated, and blood samples were collected. Results: FID was decreased in WT_HS mice and restored by superoxide scavenger TEMPOL in vivo. On the other hand, attenuated FID of Tff3−/− mice was not further affected by HS diet or TEMPOL in vivo treatment. Vascular superoxide/reactive oxygen species levels were increased with HS diet in both strains and restored by TEMPOL. HS upregulated glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) gene expression in WT_HS and Tff3−/−_HS mice, while GPx activity was significantly decreased only in WT_HS group. Systemic (serum) markers of oxidative stress (oxLDL and AOPP) and arterial blood pressure were similar among groups. Conclusion: HS diet increases vascular oxidative stress and impairs vasodilation in WT mice. Tff3 gene deficiency attenuates vasodilation per se, without further effects of HS intake. This can be attributed to vascular upregulation of antioxidative enzyme GPx1 in Tff3−/−/C57BL/6N mice conferring protection from oxidative stress.
Pre-conception folic acid and multivitamin supplementation for the prevention of Neural Tube Defect: An umbrella Review
Authors: Abate Biruk Beletew , Kumsa Henok , Abebe Gebremeskel Abebe , Wodaynew Tilahun , Habtie Tesfaye Engdaw , Kassa Muluemebet , Munie Melesse Abiye , Temesgen Dessie , Tilahun Befkad Derese , Merchaw Abebe , Alamaw Addis Wondimagegn , Zemariam Alemu Birara , Kitaw Tegene Atamenta , Kassaw Amare , Kassie Ayelign Mengesha , Yilak Gizachew , Kassa Mulat Awoke , Kebede Fasikaw , Moges Solomon , Adisu Molalign Aligaz , Azmeraw Molla
Published: July 2024

Background: Previous reviews explored the association between maternal use of folic acid and multivitamin supplements and risk of Neural Tube Defect (NTD) in children, with no definitive conclusion.
Methods: Using PRISMA guideline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus and Google Scholar which reported the effects of folic acid and/or multivitamin supplementation for the prevention of NTD in offspring were searched. The quality of the included studies was assessed using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was applied to find the pooled estimates. The subgroup analysis, heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also assessed.
Result: Ten SRM with 296,816 study participants were included. The random-effects model analysis revealed that, the pooled effect of either folic acid or multivitamin supplementation for the prevention of NTD globally is found to be 0.43( 0.29, 0.58). In subgroup analysis the pooled effect found to be 0.23in folic acid group, while this estimate is 0.63 and 0.61in groups who took multivitamin. The pooled effect of prevention of NTD was found to be 0.50 in SRMs aimed at occurrence prevention group, while this estimate is 0.20) among SRMs which aimed at reoccurrence prevention, and 0.61 among those SRMs aimed to assess the effect folic acid or multivitamin for prevention of both occurrence and re-occurrence. The pooled effect of either folic acid or multivitamin supplementation for the prevention of NTD was found to be 0.45 in SRMs of observational studies, while this estimate is 0.43among SRMs of randomized controlled trials.
Conclusion: Prenatal folic acid and /or multivitamin supplementation was associated with a 57% reduction in NTD. Participants who took folic acid supplementation were associated with a slightly higher (77%) percentage of reduction in NTD. An 80% and 50% reduction were observed for re-occurrence and occurrence prevention of NTD. A 57% and 55% reduction of NTD have been found in SRM of RCTs and observational studies. Considering the incorporation of those supplements in NTD prevention strategies during pre-conception period is recommended. More large-scale prospective cohort and RCTs are needed.
BPD: Latest Strategies of Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Durlak Wojciech , Thébaud Bernard
Published: July 2024

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common long-term complication of extreme preterm birth. It is associated with lifelong multisystemic consequences. Advances in neonatal care have not reduced the incidence of BPD and no new breakthrough therapy has been successfully translated into the clinic in recent decades. Summary: Current evidence demonstrates benefit of new modalities of first-line noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, selected strategies of postnatal corticosteroid administration, alternative surfactant delivery methods, and caffeine. Promising emerging therapies that are being translated from bench to bedside include mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), insulin-like growth factor 1/binding protein-3 (IGF-1/IGFBP-3), and interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist (anakinra). Strong preclinical data support efficacy of MSCs in attenuating neonatal lung injury. Early-phase clinical trials have already demonstrated safety and feasibility in preterm infants. Phase II studies that aimed at demonstrating efficacy are currently underway. Both IGF-1/IGFBP-3 and IL-1R antagonist present with biological plausibility and animal data of efficacy. Phase I/II clinical trials are currently recruiting patients. Key Messages: Early noninvasive respiratory support, late systemic dexamethasone, less invasive surfactant administration, and caffeine are proven strategies in reducing the risk of BPD. Potentially disruptive therapies – MSCs, IGF-1/IGFBP-3, and anakinra – are being advanced to clinical trials and their efficacy in remains to be demonstrated. Continued research efforts are needed in the growing population of extremely preterm infants at risk of developing BPD.
Pilot Assessment of Piezoelectric Transducers as a Cost-Effective Alternative to EndoPAT
Authors: Ramraj Olivia , Badhwar Smriti , Pereira Tania J. , Edgell Heather
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Current microvascular assessments may not be practical or accessible requiring experienced personnel and/or ongoing equipment costs. Piezoelectric transducers can reliably obtain finger blood pressure waves, similar to peripheral arterial tonometry devices; thus, they could be used to estimate microvascular function. We aimed to validate piezoelectric transducers as an alternative measure of microvascular function compared to EndoPAT. Methods: Twenty-five adults (aged 20–64 years) completed reactive hyperemia (5 min forearm circulatory occlusion and 3 min recovery) with piezoelectric transducers on the middle fingers and EndoPAT probes on the index fingers. Average area under the curve (AUC) of the pulse wave signal for the occluded and control arms was determined at baseline, every 30 s post-occlusion, and 10 s around the peak response. Microvascular function index (MFI) was calculated as the ratio of AUC post-occlusion to AUC baseline in the test arm, then normalized to the same ratio in the control arm. MFI at each time point was correlated with the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) from the EndoPAT. Results: The greatest significance was found between RHI and MFI at 10 s around the peak response (Spearman’s r = 0.67, p = 0.0002; Pearson’s r = 0.76, p = 0.00001). Conclusion: MFI is a reusable and user-friendly microvascular function assessment that could provide better access to vascular health screening.
Adverse Events of Psychological Interventions: Definitions, Assessment, Current State of the Research and Implications for Research and Clinical Practice
Authors: Klein Jan Philipp , Rozental Alexander , Sürig Svenja , Moritz Steffen
Published: July 2024

Background: The effectiveness of psychological interventions is undisputed. But while in other fields of health care the safety of interventions is studied alongside effectiveness, adverse events (AEs) have only recently been assessed in clinical studies of psychological interventions. This critical review summarizes the definition, assessment and current research status of AEs of psychological interventions. Summary: AEs are defined as any untoward event or unfavorable change that occurs in the course of a psychological intervention. AEs that are caused by the intervention can be classified into side effects of correctly applied treatment, malpractice (i.e., incorrectly applied treatment) and unethical conduct (e.g., sexual abuse). Ideally, they are assessed by independent raters or alternatively by self-report questionnaires that should also cover serious adverse events (SAEs, e.g., suicide attempts or self-injurious behaviors). About 1 to 2 in 3 patients report at least 1 AE and results of meta-analyses suggest that treatments might differ in frequency and/or severity of AE and in treatment acceptability (measured as dropout rates). Key Messages: Measures of AEs and SAEs as well as more nuanced descriptions of dropout should be included in all clinical studies of psychological interventions. If this happens, we might learn that psychological interventions differ with respect to AEs, SAEs and acceptability. As many psychological interventions are about equally effective, they might one day be chosen based on differences in their safety profile rather than their differential effectiveness. Ideally, reducing AEs might also lead to more effective interventions.
A Case of Recurrent Localized Pulmonary Nodular Light Chain Amyloidosis Treated with Daratumumab plus CyBorD
Authors: Raddell Ted , Ashraf Farah , Zhao Xiaofeng , Abramian Osheen , Budak-Alpdogan Tulin
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis (NPA) is a localized form of light chain (AL) amyloidosis often found incidentally and typically has an indolent and benign disease course treated with resection or local excision. We present a patient with recurrent localized AL amyloidosis who required further treatment. Case Presentation: A 63-year-old female with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) was found to have pulmonary AL amyloid on wedge resection and later had recurrence. The patient did not have signs of clonal plasma cell proliferation or systemic AL amyloid. She was treated with daratumumab, cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone. After initiation of treatment, the patient has had significant hematologic and radiographic response. Conclusion: The patient had NPA recurrence with organ dysfunction without systemic disease. Because the presentation of recurrent pulmonary AL amyloidosis is rare, there is no published evidence on treatment. However, the patient has had hematologic and radiographic improvement after initiating treatment with a systemic protocol.
Analysis of the Alcohol Industry’s Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Portugal
Authors: Pulido Valente Francisca , Baptista Ana Carolina , Vieira Bárbara S.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: In Portugal, the alcohol industry (AI) engages in corporate political activity, influencing decision-making and potentially obstructing the implementation of evidence-based alcohol policies, such as higher taxes, stricter advertising laws, and mandatory warning labels on all alcoholic beverages. Yet, no research has been conducted specifically on the industry’s corporate social responsibility activities (CSR), which can also hinder the implementation of these cost-effective policies while serving as a means for nurturing its reputation. Methods: This study addresses this gap by examining the CSR practices of ten AI actors in Portugal. Through qualitative content analysis, data collected from their websites was categorized based on an adapted framework considering seven CSR categories. Results: The results revealed CSR practices across all categories, with corporate philanthropy and alcohol information provision and education accounting for 65% of the analyzed data. The findings highlight potential conflicts between the public health initiatives of AI in Portugal and its profit-driven objectives. Conclusion: CSR activities undermine health protection and alcohol harm prevention efforts by promoting a dubious discourse about an undeniably harmful substance. The present study recommends considering vigilant monitoring, regulation, or even the ban on CSR practices of AI in Portugal.
Effect of Photoperiod and Illuminance on Daily Activity Patterns, Physiology, and NPY Peptide Expression in Migratory Redheaded Buntings (Emberiza bruniceps)
Authors: Gupta Preeti , Sur Sayantan , Naseem Asma , Malik Shalie
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Light is the primary source of energy and regulates seasonal changes in physiology and behavior. The role of photoperiod has been much investigated in several bird species, but the role of illumination in seasonal adaptations of passerine finches is less understood. We, therefore, investigated the effects of photoperiod and illuminance on migratory physiology in a Palearctic-Indian migratory finch, redheaded bunting (Emberiza bruncieps). Methods: Photosensitive buntings maintained under short days (8L:16D) were divided into three groups receiving 5, 25, and 100 lux of white daytime illuminance, respectively. Thereafter, using photoperiodic manipulation three life history states, i.e., nonmigratory (NM), premigratory (PM), and migratory (MIG) states were induced in the buntings. The birds in the MIG state were consecutively perfused after seven nights of Zugunruhe (nighttime migratory restlessness) for neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunohistochemistry, which is involved in a wide range of functions including energy homeostasis, vision, and fat deposition in birds. Results: We found differential effects of illuminance on locomotor activity and physiology. Photostimulated birds showed intense nighttime activity in the MIG state. We observed premigratory hyperphagia in the birds, with increased food intake in the 100 lux group, which was reflected in the body mass gain in the MIG state. NPY expression on the periphery of the nucleus rotundus suggests its potential role in visual acuity, where the NPY-cell count significantly decreased under 25 lux illumination. Conclusion: We demonstrate that migrating birds may also experience physiological effects from changes in daytime illumination. We observed illuminance-dependent variations in the quantity of food consumed by the birds. It indicates that the illuminance may also impact the encephalic centers that control food intake.
Information Needs in Patients with Potentially Curable Gastroesophageal Cancer
Authors: Keywani Kammy , Jezerskyte Egle , Sprangers Mirjam A.G. , Eshuis Wietse J. , Van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Gisbertz Suzanne S.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Gastroesophageal cancer patients’ information needs remain understudied, despite their complex treatment trajectories. Methods: This study examined the (i) information needs of patients with or without postoperative complications, (ii) information needs of male and female patients, and (iii) the association between information needs and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) following gastroesophageal cancer surgery. Patients completed the EORTC-QLQ-INFO25, QLQ-C30, and QLQ-OG25 questionnaires before and after curative surgery. Five information needs domains were investigated: information about the disease, about treatments, about medical tests, about things patients can do to help themselves, and overall helpfulness. Additionally, HR-QoL domains global health status, eating restrictions, and anxiety were explored. Results: A total of 132 patients completed the questionnaires at baseline, 216 patients at 6–12 months, 184 patients at 18–24 months, and 163 patients at 3–5 years post-operation. There were no significant differences in information needs between patients with or without complications or between male and female patients. Patients with a higher global health status found the information more helpful at 6–12 months (p < 0.001), 18–24 months (p < 0.001), and 3–5 years (p < 0.001) postoperatively, as did patients who experienced more anxiety at 18–24 months (p = 0.009) and 3–5 years (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Gastroesophageal cancer patients, regardless of sex or postoperative complications, have consistent information needs, yet those with higher global health status and elevated anxiety levels find the information particularly helpful, emphasizing the importance of tailored communication strategies.
Chorioamniotic Membrane Separation after Fetal Spina Bifida Repair: Impact of CMS Size and Patient Management
Authors: Wawrla-Zepf Julia , Vonzun Ladina , Rüegg Ladina , Strübing Nele , Krähenmann Franziska , Meuli Martin , Mazzone Luca , Moehrlen Ueli ,   Spina Bifida Study Group Zurich, Ochsenbein-Kölble Nicole
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Chorioamniotic membrane separation (CMS) is a known complication after fetal spina bifida (fSB) repair. This study’s goal was to analyze women’s outcomes with open fSB repair and CMS (group A) compared to the ones without (group B) and to assess the influence of CMS size and patient management. Methods: A total of 194 women with open fSB repair at our center were included in this retrospective study. Outcomes of group A were compared to the ones of group B. Regression analysis was performed to assess risk factors for CMS. Two subgroup analyses assessed the impact of CMS size (small [A-small] vs. large [A-large]) as well as patient management (A1 = hospitalization vs. A2 = no hospitalization) on pregnancy outcomes. Results: Of 194 women, 23 (11.9%) were in group A and 171 (88.1%) in group B. Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROMs) (69.6% vs. 24.1%, p = <0.001), amniotic infection syndrome (AIS) (22.7% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.03), histologically confirmed chorioamnionitis (hCA) (40.0% vs. 14.7%, p = 0.03), length of hospital stay (LOS) after fSB repair (35 [19–65] vs. 17 [14–27] days), and overall LOS (43 [33–71] vs. 35 [27–46] days, p = 0.004) were significantly more often/longer in group A. Gestational age (GA) at delivery was significantly lower in group A compared to group B (35.3 [32.3–36.3] vs. 36.7 [34.9–37.0] weeks, p = 0.006). Regression analysis did not identify risk factors for CMS. Subgroup analysis comparing CMS sized in group A-small versus A-large showed higher AIS rate (42% vs. 0%, p = 0.04), lower LOS (22.0 [15.5–42.5] vs. 59.6 ± 24.1, p = 0.003). Comparison of group A1 versus A2 showed longer LOS (49.3 ± 22.8 vs. 15 [15–17.5] days, p < 0.001), lower planned readmission rate (5.6% vs. 80%, p = 0.003). Conclusion: CMS significantly increased the risk of PPROM, AIS, hCA, caused longer LOS, and caused lower GA at delivery. Women with small CMS had higher AIS rates but shorter LOS compared to women with large CMS, while apart from LOS pregnancy outcomes did not differ regarding patient management (hospitalization after CMS yes vs. no).
Variations in Risk Factors across Different Periods of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Recurrence
Authors: Lee Sang-Hun , Jung Jin-Man , Ryu Jae-Chan , Park Moon-Ho
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Accurately discerning periods of heightened risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) recurrence and managing modifiable risk factors are essential for minimizing overall recurrence risk. This study identified differences in the timing of stroke or TIA recurrence based on risk factors and patient characteristics to develop strategies for reducing recurrence in clinical practice. Methods: We retrospectively selected patients with ischemic stroke or TIA at the Korea University Ansan Hospital Stroke Center between March 2014 and December 2021 using the prospective institutional database of the Korea University Stroke Registry. We collected demographic, clinical data, and categorized participants by recurrence timing (early within or late after 3 months). Using multinomial logistic regression analysis, we examined variables associated with early and late recurrent stroke or TIAs. Results: Among 3,646 patients, 255 experienced a recurrent stroke or TIA and 3,391 experienced their first stroke or TIA. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between early recurrent stroke or TIA and diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR]: 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–3.15), other determined etiologies in the Trial of Org 10172 in the Acute Stroke Treatment classification (OR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.37–6.61), and white matter changes (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.17–3.33). Late recurrence showed a significant correlation with TIA (OR: 2.95, 95% CI: 1.52–5.71) and cerebral microbleeds (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.32–3.75). Conclusion: Substantial differences in factors contribute to stroke or TIA recurrence based on timing. Managing the risk of recurrence in clinical practice necessitates accurate identification of heightened risk periods and rigorous control of modifiable risk factors.
Ultrasound Guidance to Replicate Transuterine BioGlue Injection in the Fetal Hydrocephalus Sheep Model
Authors: Teles Abrao Trad Ayssa , Ruano Rodrigo , Zhang Liang , Rechberger Julian , Daniels David J. , Kolbe Amy B. , Qureshi Muhammad Yasir , Arendt Katherine W. , Segura Leal , Ibirogba Eniola R. , Andrews Amy G. , Loudermilk Adam , Enninga Elizabeth Ann L. , Ahn Edward S. , Schenone Mauro
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Congenital hydrocephalus often results in irreversible and severe damage to the brain despite postnatal interventions. The potential for prenatal intervention to mitigate these deleterious effects underscores the importance of a suitable animal model. We aimed assess the results of an ultrasound-guided transuterine approach to replicate the BioGlue injection fetal hydrocephalus model. Methods: Pregnant ewes were anesthetized at 95 days of gestation and BioGlue was injected into the fetal cisterna magna under ultrasound guidance through the uterus. Ventriculomegaly was assessed by MRI and histology. Results: Nine pregnant ewes were included in the study, and their fetuses were divided into the BioGlue intervention group (n = 9 fetuses) or the control group (n = 7 fetuses) who were not injected. Although hydrocephalus was noted in 5 of 9 fetuses in the intervention group, the ability to induce hydrocephalus went from 0% to 100% in the last 3 fetuses following technical modifications. None of the controls developed hydrocephalus. Fetal brains with hydrocephalus demonstrated increased IBA1+ compared to control animals. Conclusions: While technical challenges were noted, the ultrasound-guided transuterine approach to replicate the BioGlue fetal hydrocephalus model in sheep showed consistent and reproducible results. This model offers the advantage of directly visualizing the location of the needle tip and injection of the BioGlue. This technique offers an alternative for testing novel approaches for prenatal congenital hydrocephalus treatment.
Busca de Anterioridades: plataforma de comunicação multimídia especializada em esportes para as pessoas com deficiência na Paraíba.
Authors: Rocha Eduardo Tavares da , Pereira Frederico Campos
Published: July 2024

Não se vê nos meios de comunicação paraibana reportagens sobre os atletas profissionais, amadores, equipes, seleções e outras competições, que dizem respeito ao esporte para pessoas com deficiência. O presente trabalho propõe a realização de uma busca de anterioridade de programas de computador com o objetivo de criação de uma plataforma de comunicação multimídia especializada em esportes para as pessoas com deficiência na Paraíba. Conclui-se que, o único produto encontrado foi o material produzido pelo autor deste estudo em 2022. Sendo assim, no que se refere à Propriedade intelectual, um projeto de pesquisa inovador a ser desenvolvido.
Endothelial Dysfunction in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinical Translational Study
Authors: Abd-Elmoniem Khaled Z. , Edwan Jehad H. , Dietsche Katrina B. , Villalobos-Perez Alfredo , Shams Nour , Matta Jatin , Baumgarten Leilah , Qaddumi Waleed N. , Dixon Sydney A. , Chowdhury Aruba , Stagliano Michael , Mabundo Lilian , Wentzel Annemarie , Hadigan Colleen , Gharib Ahmed M. , Chung Stephanie T.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (Y-T2D) is associated with increased risk for coronary atherosclerotic disease, but the timing of the earliest pathological features and evidence of cardiac endothelial dysfunction have not been evaluated in this population. Endothelial function magnetic resonance imaging may detect early and direct endothelial dysfunction in the absence of classical risk factors (severe hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia). Using endothelial function magnetic resonance imaging, we evaluated peripheral and coronary artery structure and endothelial function in young adults with Y-T2D diagnosed ≤5 years compared with age-matched healthy peers. We isolated and characterized plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles and evaluated their effects on inflammatory and signaling biomarkers in healthy human coronary artery endothelial cells to validate the imaging findings.

METHODS:

Right coronary wall thickness, coronary artery flow–mediated dilation, and brachial artery flow–mediated dilation were measured at baseline and during isometric handgrip exercise using a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging. Human coronary artery endothelial cells were treated with Y-T2D plasma–derived small extracellular vesicles. Protein expression was measured by Western blot analysis, oxidative stress was measured using the redox-sensitive probe dihydroethidium, and nitric oxide levels were measured by 4-amino-5-methylamino-2’,7’-difluororescein diacetate.

RESULTS:

Y-T2D (n=20) had higher hemoglobin A1c and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, but similar total and LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol compared with healthy peers (n=16). Y-T2D had greater coronary wall thickness (1.33±0.13 versus 1.22±0.13 mm;
P
=0.04) and impaired endothelial function: lower coronary artery flow–mediated dilation (−3.1±15.5 versus 15.9±17.3%;
P
<0.01) and brachial artery flow–mediated dilation (6.7±14.7 versus 26.4±15.2%;
P
=0.001). Y-T2D plasma–derived small extracellular vesicles reduced phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide levels, increased reactive oxygen species production, and elevated ICAM (intercellular adhesion molecule)–mediated inflammatory pathways in human coronary artery endothelial cells.

CONCLUSIONS:

Coronary and brachial endothelial dysfunction was evident in Y-T2D who were within 5 years of diagnosis and did not have severe hyperglycemia or dyslipidemia. Plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles induced markers of endothelial dysfunction, which corroborated accelerated subclinical coronary atherosclerosis as an early feature in Y-T2D.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02830308 and NCT01399385.
Premorbid Blood Pressure Control Modifies Risk of DWI Lesions With Acute Blood Pressure Reduction in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Ridha Mohamed , Hannawi Yousef , Murthy Santosh , Carvalho Poyraz Fernanda , Kumar Aditya , Park Soojin , Roh David , Sekar Padmini , Woo Daniel , Burke James
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Hypoperfusion due to blood pressure (BP) reduction is a potential mechanism of cerebral ischemia after intracerebral hemorrhage. However, prior evaluations of the relationship between BP reduction and ischemia have been conflicting. Untreated chronic hypertension is common in intracerebral hemorrhage and alters cerebral autoregulation. We hypothesized that the risk of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensities from acute BP reduction is modified by premorbid BP control.

METHODS:

Individuals enrolled in the ERICH study (Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage) from 2010 to 2015 were categorized as untreated, treated, or nonhypertensive based on preintracerebral hemorrhage diagnosis and antihypertensive medication use. The percent reduction of systolic BP (SBP) was calculated between presentation and 24 hours from admission. The primary outcome was the presence of DWI lesions. Using logistic regression, we tested the association between chronic hypertension status, SBP reduction, and their interaction with DWI lesion presence.

RESULTS:

From 3000 participants, 877 with available magnetic resonance imaging met inclusion (mean age, 60.5±13.3 years; 42.5% women). DWI lesions were detected in 25.9%. Untreated, treated, and no hypertension accounted for 32.6%, 47.9%, and 19.5% of cases, respectively. SBP reduction was not directly associated with DWI lesions; however, an interaction effect was observed between SBP reduction and chronic hypertension status (
P
=0.036). Nonhypertensive subjects demonstrated a linear risk of DWI lesion presence with greater SBP reduction, whereas untreated hypertension demonstrated a stable risk across a wide range of SBP reduction (
P
=0.023).

CONCLUSIONS:

Premorbid BP control, especially untreated hypertension, may influence the relationship between DWI lesions and acute BP reduction after intracerebral hemorrhage.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01202864.
Staurochlamys (Neurolaeneae, Asteraceae): an endemic genus from Cerrado, Brazil
Authors: BUENO VINICIUS RESENDE , DALASTRA CLAUDENICE HILDA , BUCHOSKI MONICA GOMES
Published: July 2024

Staurochlamys is a monospecific genus found exclusively in the Brazilian Cerrado, recognized by a unique morphological trait in the Asteraceae: the flattened involucre. Prior research into this genus has been limited, and this paper represents the first comprehensive investigation exclusively dedicated to it. This study presents a thorough morphological description of the species, a nomenclatural revision, insights into the species distribution, phenology, a preliminary evaluation of extinction risk, details related to risk assessment, and the species distribution modelling. Additionally, previously unlisted collections have been incorporated, with careful consideration of habitat details. The genus is reaffirmed as an exclusive component to the Brazilian Cerrado, bearing an ‘Endangered’ classification, and historical modeling has proposed a hypothesis to explain the outliers in its current distribution.
A new edible Clavulina species from Hunan Province, China
Authors: LIU XIANG-FEN , DENG PENG-TAO , WANG XIAO-YAN , ZHANG PING
Published: July 2024

Clavulina ruchengensis, a new edible mushroom, is described from three specimens collected in Hunan Province, central China, based on morphological and molecular evidence. This species is characterized by its gray basidiomata, cristate branch tips, and long stipes. Phylogenetic analysis of a combined dataset of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear ribosomal RNA large subunit (nrLSU) sequences, revealed that the specimens formed a monophyletic lineage within the Clavulina clade, supporting their identification as a new species of Clavulina. A full description, illustrations, and phylogenetic analysis results of the new species are provided. In addition, a key to known Clavulina species in China is also provided.
Validation of Thrixspermum ravanii (Aeridinae, Orchidaceae), a new species from the Philippines
Authors: SODUSTA PATRICK JASON A. , COOTES JIM
Published: July 2024

Thrixspermum ravanii was first proposed on 29 November 2012 in a Portable Document Format (PDF) file published by OrchideenJournal (Cootes & Tiong, 2012). The proposed species however, was not effectively published according to the Shenzhen Code (Turland et al., 2018), and is currently treated by the International Plant Names Index (IPNI) as nomen invalidum. Firstly, the journal published the proposed new species in a style that is evidently different from its final and official issue. Specifically, the new species was presented in manuscript form, which deviates from the standard publication format of the journal. Additionally, the published form lacked the volume number and pagination, which are characteristic features of the final and official issue. Secondly, the publication used an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) intended for print material rather than one suited for online media. In Cootes & Tiong (2012), the ISSN indicated is 1864-9459, which according to the ISSN portal is registered for print medium. According to the Art. 30.2 of the Shenzhen Code (Turland et al., 2018), an electronic publication is not effectively published if there is an indication that it is not the final version. Furthermore, the code explicitly mentioned that an inappropriate ISSN does not result in effective publication under Art. 29.1 (Turland et al., 2018). Thus, the name for the new species was not effectively published because it did not meet the conditions of effective publication. To validate T. ravanii, an English description and diagnosis of the species are presented herein.
Heat Stress Metrics, Trends, and Extremes in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Wodzicki Kyle R. , Ennis Kelsey E. , Knight Desiree A. , Milrad Shawn M. , Dello Kathie D. , Davis Corey , Heuser Sean , Thomas Blaine , Raye Lily
Published: July 2024

Humid heat and associated heat stress have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration across the globe, particularly at lower latitudes. One of the more robust metrics for heat stress impacts on the human body is wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), because it incorporates temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. WBGT can typically only be measured using nonstandard instrumentation (e.g., black globe thermometers). However, estimation formulas have been developed to calculate WBGT using standard surface meteorological variables. This study evaluates several WBGT estimation formulas for the southeastern United States using North Carolina Environment and Climate Observing Network (ECONet) and U.S. Military measurement campaign data as verification. The estimation algorithm with the smallest mean absolute error was subsequently chosen to evaluate summer WBGT trends and extremes at 39 ASOS stations with long continuous (1950–2023) data records. Trend results showed that summer WBGT has increased throughout much of the southeastern United States, with larger increases at night than during the day. Although there were some surprisingly large WBGT trends at higher elevation locations far from coastlines, the greatest increases were predominantly located in the Florida Peninsula and Louisiana. Increases in the intensity and frequency of extreme (90th percentile) WBGTs were particularly stark in large coastal urban centers (e.g., New Orleans, Tampa, and Miami). Some locations like New Orleans and Tampa have experienced more than two additional extreme heat stress days and nights per decade since 1950, with an exponential escalation in the number of extreme summer nights during the most recent decade.

Significance Statement

Humid heat and associated heat stress pose threats to health in the moist subtropical climate of the southeastern United States. Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is a robust metric for heat stress but must be estimated using complex algorithms. We first evaluated the accuracy of three WBGT algorithms in the southeastern United States, using measured verification data. Subsequently, we used the most accurate algorithm to investigate WBGT trends and extremes since 1950 in 39 cities. Results showed that summer heat stress has increased throughout the region, especially at night. Increases in the intensity and frequency of extreme heat stress were most prevalent at urban coastal locations in Florida and Louisiana, emphasizing the impacts of increased urbanization and evaporation on heat stress.
Diverse Responses of Strong Positive SST and Rainfall Indian Ocean Dipole Events under Greenhouse Warming
Authors: Wang Jia-Zhen , Geng Tao , Cai Wenju , Wang Guojian , Xie Mingmei , Wu Lixin , Chen Zhaohui
Published: July 2024

Recent research has shown that there is a projected increase in the frequency of strong positive Indian Ocean dipole (spIOD) events in terms of both sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation. However, it is not clear whether the spIOD events defined by SST and precipitation, hereafter referred to as SST-spIOD and Pr-spIOD events, respectively, will increase at the same pace under greenhouse warming. Using climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and CMIP6 that can reasonably simulate the spIOD events, here we find that the occurrence of Pr-spIOD events increases much more than that of SST-spIOD events (+217% vs +77%) under the future high-emission scenario. The diverse response stems from a notably large increase in the spIOD events with strong rainfall but moderate SST anomalies (Pr-only spIOD), which is facilitated by a change in the local meridional Hadley circulation induced by land–sea thermal contrast in addition to the background mean-state SST warming. For the spIOD events with prominent anomalies in both rainfall and SST (concurrent spIOD), their occurrences are projected to increase, but their average SST amplitude is projected to weaken. The increased occurrence is associated with a westward-extended structural change induced by mean linear zonal advection feedbacks, while the weakened event-average SST amplitude results from a more stabilized atmosphere and coincides with the projected reduction in IOD SST skewness. Our results suggest that IOD-related mitigation strategies should consider the diverse responses of different kinds of spIOD events to greenhouse warming.
A Coupled Quadrupole Mode in the South Pacific
Authors: Chen Yuanrui , Wright Jonathon S.
Published: July 2024

Although links between the atmospheric convergence zone and the local ocean dipole in the South Atlantic are well established, relationships between the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) and the South Pacific quadrupole (SPQ) remain largely unexplored. Based on maximum covariance analysis applied to a 110-yr monthly coupled atmosphere–ocean reanalysis, we describe a coupled quadrupole mode (CQM) that connects the SPCZ and SPQ during austral summer [December–February (DJF)]. The CQM is linked to the “enhanced SPCZ” mode in the atmosphere and the SPQ in the ocean, with the atmospheric signal leading the ocean signal by about 1 month. This coupled mode essentially represents the atmospheric and oceanic responses to a stationary Rossby wave train that propagates from low- to high latitudes before reflecting back toward lower latitudes around 150°E. Coupled atmosphere–ocean feedbacks help to maintain anomalous convective activity in the SPCZ and related circulation anomalies. The stationary waves that organize the CQM are often rooted in anomalous convection over the Maritime Continent and have close connections with the atmospheric wavenumber-4 mode in the midlatitude Southern Hemisphere.

Significance Statement

In this study, we investigate the relationships between coherent large-scale patterns in the South Pacific Ocean and the overlying atmosphere. These patterns, which we refer to as a coupled quadrupole for their four centers of action, impact both local communities and the global climate by shaping rainfall and temperature anomalies across the “four corners” of the South Pacific: east–west and north–south. We show that this coupled quadrupole arises as the joint atmospheric and oceanic response to a large-scale wave that arcs across the entire South Pacific basin more than 10 km above the surface and that feedbacks from the ocean to the atmosphere help it to last longer.
Urban mobilities in Mumbai: Towards worker-centric platformisation beyond ‘urban solutionism’
Authors: Kuttler Tobias
Published: July 2024

As digital mobility platforms, such as ride-hailing apps, have become more widespread and popular, they have garnered public and scholarly interest as potential solutions to challenges of climate change, insufficient mobility services, urban congestion and pollution. This paper examines the potential of ride-hailing platforms through a more critical lens. Thereby I draw attention to how platform transportation workers in Mumbai, India, produce mobility services by collaboratively linking the social and material resources of the city. Networks and communities of transport workers have long been essential for providing intermediate mobility services in Mumbai, and continue to do so in the platform era. Building on these observations, I inquire whether there is potential for the creation of worker-centric platform models that benefit both the workers and the larger urban majority. Therefore, drawing on my fieldwork in Mumbai, I first explore how the current model of digital mobility platforms in Mumbai reinforces socio-spatial fragmentation in Mumbai while leaving workers with decreasing earnings and rising work pressure. Considering the agency of platform workers, I then aim to uncover how platform workers appropriate platform mechanisms and engage their collective knowledge and experiences in order to improve their working situation. I draw upon these insights to highlight how worker-centric approaches to digital mobility platforms can contribute to more inclusive and sustainable cities.