bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photostability of 2D Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Wei Yi , Audebert Pierre , Galmiche Laurent , Lauret Jean-Sébastien , Deleporte Emmanuelle
Published: June 2014

We analyze the behavior of a series of newly synthesized (R-NH3)2PbX4 perovskites and, in particular, discuss the possible reasons which cause their degradation under UV illumination. Experimental results show that the degradation process depends a lot on their molecular components: not only the inorganic part, but also the chemical structure of the organic moieties play an important role in bleaching and photo-chemical reaction processes which tend to destroy perovskites luminescent framework. In addition, we find the spatial arrangement in crystal also influences the photostability course. Following these trends, we propose a plausible mechanism for the photodegradation of the films, and also introduced options for optimized stability.
An Experimental Investigation of Micro Pulsating Heat Pipes
Authors: Yang Kai-Shing , Cheng Yu-Chi , Jeng Ming-Shan , Chien Kuo-Hsiang , Shyu Jin-Cherng
Published: June 2014

Two Si-based micro pulsating heat pipes (µPHPs) charged using HFE-7100 were either horizontally or vertically oriented and were tested using several heating powers. The width of each channel was 0.8 mm in one µPHP containing uniform channels, and the channel width was 1.0 mm or 0.6 mm in the other µPHP, which did not contain uniform channels. The depth of each channel was 0.25 mm. The overall size of each µPHP was 60 × 10 × 1.25 mm. Visual observation and temperature measurement of the µPHPs under various conditions were performed and the results were analyzed. The results indicated that when the µPHPs were operated horizontally at a heating power ranging from 1 to 7 W, the pulsating two-phase flow in the channels of the µPHPs could not begin, except when the µPHP containing nonuniform channels was tested at a heating power of 7 W. With a heating power less than 5 W, the frequency of the sine-like oscillating displacement of the vapor slug increased and the displacement of the vapor slug reduced in either vertically oriented μPHP, as the heating power increased With a heating power higher than 5 W, periodic “start-stop” behaviors were observed in the vertical μPHP containing nonuniform channels.
High-Throughput Assay of Levansucrase Variants in Search of Feasible Catalysts for the Synthesis of Fructooligosaccharides and Levan
Authors: Mardo Karin , Visnapuu Triinu , Gromkova Maria , Aasamets Anneli , Viigand Katrin , Vija Heiki , Alamäe Tiina
Published: June 2014

Bacterial levansucrases polymerize fructose residues of sucrose to β-2,6 linked fructans—fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and levan. While β-2,1-linked FOS are widely recognized as prebiotics, the health-related effects of β-2,6 linked FOS are scarcely studied as they are not commercially available. Levansucrase Lsc3 (Lsc-3) of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato has very high catalytic activity and stability making it a promising biotechnological catalyst for FOS and levan synthesis. In this study we evaluate feasibility of several high-throughput methods for screening and preliminary characterization of levansucrases using 36 Lsc3 mutants as a test panel. Heterologously expressed and purified His-tagged levansucrase variants were studied for: (1) sucrose-splitting activity; (2) FOS production; (3) ability and kinetics of levan synthesis; (4) thermostability in a Thermofluor assay. Importantly, we show that sucrose-splitting activity as well as the ability to produce FOS can both be evaluated using permeabilized levansucrase-expressing E. coli transformants as catalysts. For the first time we demonstrate the key importance of Trp109, His113, Glu146 and Glu236 for the catalysis of Lsc3. Cost-effective and high-throughput methods presented here are applicable not only in the levansucrase assay, but have a potential to be adapted for high-throughput (automated) study of other enzymes.
Effects of Additives on the Morphology and Performance of PPTA/PVDF in Situ Blend UF Membrane
Authors: Li Hong-Bin , Shi Wen-Ying , Zhang Yu-Feng , Liu Dong-Qing , Liu Xiao-Feng
Published: June 2014

Poly(p-phenylene terephtalamide) (PPTA), a high-performance polymer with high modulus and good hydrophilicity, is often used as a reinforced material. However, due to its high crystallity, micro-phase separation often occurs in the blends. In this paper, PPTA/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) compatible blend solution was synthesized by in situ polycondensation. Blend ultra-filtration membrane was prepared through the immersion phase inversion process. In order to obtain desired pore structure, the effects of different additives including hydrophilic polymer (polyethylene glycol (PEG)), inorganic salt (lithium chloride (LiCl)) and the surfactant (Tween-80) on the morphology and performance of PPTA/PVDF blend membranes were studied. The membrane formation process was investigated through ternary phase diagram (thermodynamics) and viscosities (kinetics) analysis. It was found that, with the increasing of LiCl content, a porous membrane structure with long finger-like pores was formed due to the accelerated demixing process which resulted in the increase of porosity and pore diameter as well as the enhancement of water flux and the decline of PEG rejection. When Tween content increased to over 3 wt%, dynamic viscosity became the main factor resulting in a decreased phase separation rate. The transfer of PEG and LiCl molecules onto membrane surface increased the surface hydrophilicity. The effect of Tween content on membrane hydrophilicity was also correlated with the compatibility of blend components.
Assessment of Surface Urban Heat Islands over Three Megacities in East Asia Using Land Surface Temperature Data Retrieved from COMS
Authors: Choi Youn-Young , Suh Myoung-Seok , Park Ki-Hong
Published: June 2014

Surface urban heat island (SUHI) impacts control the exchange of sensible heat and latent heat between land and atmosphere and can worsen extreme climate events, such as heat waves. This study assessed SUHIs over three megacities (Seoul, Tokyo, Beijing) in East Asia using one-year (April 2011–March 2012) land surface temperature (LST) data retrieved from the Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS). The spatio-temporal variations of SUHI and the relationship between SUHI and vegetation activity were analyzed using hourly cloud-free LST data. In general, the LST was higher in low latitudes, low altitudes, urban areas and dry regions compared to high latitudes, high altitudes, rural areas and vegetated areas. In particular, the LST over the three megacities was always higher than that in the surrounding rural areas. The SUHI showed a maximum intensity (10–13 °C) at noon during the summer, irrespective of the geographic location of the city, but weak intensities (4–7 °C) were observed during other times and seasons. In general, the SUHI intensity over the three megacities showed strong seasonal (diurnal) variations during the daytime (summer) and weak seasonal (diurnal) variations during the nighttime (other seasons). As a result, the temporal variation pattern of SUHIs was quite different from that of urban heat islands, and the SUHIs showed a distinct maximum at noon of the summer months and weak intensities during the nighttime of all seasons. The patterns of seasonal and diurnal variations of the SUHIs were clearly dependent on the geographic environment of cities. In addition, the intensity of SUHIs showed a strong negative relationship with vegetation activity during the daytime, but no such relationship was observed during the nighttime. This suggests that the SUHI intensity is mainly controlled by differences in evapotranspiration (or the Bowen ratio) between urban and rural areas during the daytime.
Array Formatting of the Heat-Transfer Method (HTM) for the Detection of Small Organic Molecules by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Wackers Gideon , Vandenryt Thijs , Cornelis Peter , Kellens Evelien , Thoelen Ronald , De Ceuninck Ward , Losada-Pérez Patricia , Van Grinsven Bart , Peeters Marloes , Wagner Patrick
Published: June 2014

In this work we present the first steps towards a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biomimetic sensor array for the detection of small organic molecules via the heat-transfer method (HTM). HTM relies on the change in thermal resistance upon binding of the target molecule to the MIP-type receptor. A flow-through sensor cell was developed, which is segmented into four quadrants with a volume of 2.5 μL each, allowing four measurements to be done simultaneously on a single substrate. Verification measurements were conducted, in which all quadrants received a uniform treatment and all four channels exhibited a similar response. Subsequently, measurements were performed in quadrants, which were functionalized with different MIP particles. Each of these quadrants was exposed to the same buffer solution, spiked with different molecules, according to the MIP under analysis. With the flow cell design we could discriminate between similar small organic molecules and observed no significant cross-selectivity. Therefore, the MIP array sensor platform with HTM as a readout technique, has the potential to become a low-cost analysis tool for bioanalytical applications.
The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide
Authors: De Feo Giovanni , Antoniou George , Fardin Hilal , El-Gohary Fatma , Zheng Xiao , Reklaityte Ieva , Butler David , Yannopoulos Stavros , Angelakis Andreas
Published: June 2014

Although there is evidence of surface-based storm drainage systems in early Babylonian and Mesopotamian Empires in Iraq (ca. 4000–2500 BC), it is not until after ca. 3000 BC that we find evidence of the well organized and operated sewer and drainage systems of the Minoans and Harappans in Crete and the Indus valley, respectively. The Minoans and Indus valley civilizations originally, and the Hellenes and Romans thereafter, are considered pioneers in developing basic sewerage and drainage technologies, with emphasis on sanitation in the urban environment. The Hellenes and Romans further developed these techniques and greatly increased the scale of these systems. Although other ancient civilizations also contributed, notably some of the Chinese dynasties, very little progress was made during the Dark ages from ca. 300 AD through to the middle of the 18th century. It was only from 1850 onwards that that modern sewerage was “reborn”, but many of the principles grasped by the ancients are still in use today. This paper traces the development of the sewer from those earliest of civilizations through to the present day and beyond. A 6000 year technological history is a powerful validation of the vital contribution of sewers to human history.
L'œuvre d'Emile Benveniste
Authors: Djafar Moïnfar Mohammed
Published: June 2014

Aussi immense que soit l'oeuvre d'Emile Benveniste, elle est inachevée ! De même que sa vie scientifique a commencé tôt, elle a fini tôt Benveniste avait encore beaucoup de choses à nous donner ; la grande quantité de feuilles de notes, de projets d'articles et de livres, certains en partie rédigés, le confirme. L'esprit de rébellion contre les idées préconçues et établies, contre les confirmations communément admises et incontestées, etc., qui a mené Benveniste, en pleine jeunesse, à son approche du mouvement surréaliste, ne l'a jamais quitté, transparaissant dans ses travaux scientifiques.
Note sur Benveniste et la phénoménologie
Authors: Coquet Jean-Claude
Published: June 2014

Cette note a pour objet de souligner l'originalité de la position de Benveniste. Le discours devient avec &le point central de l'analyse du langage ; la langue n'est que seconde. Ce primat est vérifié logiquement : "Nihil est in lingua quod non prius fuerit in oratione", et chronologiquement : le langage "commence" avec le discours. Or, le discours lui-même se présente à nous comme un acte, requérant un énondateur, mieux "la présence de la personne" et s' effectuant dans un espace et un temps spécifiques. L'espace discursif n'est pas euclidien et le temps discursif n'est pas chronique. Cette manière de concevoir la deixis discursive conduit inévitablement Benveniste à entrer dans le champ de la phénoménologie, ce "champ de présence" (Hussert) où. se vit l'activité linguistique.
Emile Benveniste, Platon, et le rythme des flots (Le père, le père, toujours recommencé...)
Authors: Dalimier Catherine
Published: June 2014

Cet article réexamine l'analyse, faite par E. Benveniste et peu contestée Jusqu'ici de l'évolution sémantique du terme grec rhuthmos.. On comprend qu'un structuraliste ait été intéressé à comprendre les conditions d'apparition de la notion "scientifique et moderne" de rythme puisqu'elle concerne à la fois la synchronie et la diachronie. Benveniste pensait qu'il a fallu attendre Platon pour que rhuthmos. désigne une récurrence régulière et mesurable dans le temps, et qu'auparavant le mot se référait à une structure spatiale "improvisée, momentanée, modifiable'. Un examen plus serré des textes remet en cause ce schéma explicatif. Ce n'est pas le rationalisme platonicien qui a rendu possible la perception du rythme au sens moderne. Seul un a priori "scientiste" a pu occulter tous les emplois pré-platoniciens du terme rhuthmos liés au repérage dans la temporalité, d'une régularité et parfois même d'un code.
Reconnaissance et synthèse automatiques de la parole : des sciences de la parole aux technologies vocales
Authors: Sorin Christel
Published: June 2014

A quick assessment of the current state-of-the-art in Speech Recognition and Synthesis allows to note that in spite of positive advances in the last years

1) no current recognition system is capable of processing with reliability really spontaneous continuous speech,

2) no current speech synthesis system provides speech which could be confused with natural speech,

3) in these two domains, for the last fifteen years, "knowledge-based" approaches have been less fruitful than "statistical training" approaches,

4) the best current systems merely copy "surface" speech phenomena,

5) such "imitation" has been essentially limited to the language performances observed in two kinds of task (as to synthesis, loud- speaking reading of written texts ; as to recognition, written transcriptions of read texts), underscoring the teleological dimension of "speech" activity (case of dialogue).

If we want to be able, some day, to communicate with a machine in a natural way, it seems crucial to us to consider, from now on, speech recognition and synthesis no longer as elementary, task-independent processes but as components of complete systems of human-machine communication by speech. That will make necessary to integrate closely speech production and recognition functionalities to the controlling and monitoring organ which, in prospect of achieving a given task, will run a reasoning that will allow to understand or generate a message, using various knowledge sources, optimally structured and managed. The association of deeper knowledge and more efficient modelling of language performances and behaviours (included learning mechanisms...) in various contexts and for various tasks seems to us a key factor of future advances in that domain.
À propos de la reconnaissance des unités lexicales
Authors: Scliar-Cabral L
Published: June 2014

Expliquer comment les unités lexicales insérées dans la chaîne parlée sont traitées et reconnues pose des questions d'une grande complexité. Dans cet article,, nous traitons :

le parsing ; le "one-to-many mapping" ; les distorsions, pauses et hésitations ; les variantes sociolinguistiques ; la variation phonétique contextuelle, déterminée par le phénomène de la coarticulation ; la délimitation des unités lexicales ; les items lexicaux nouveaux. Nous suggérons quelques hypothèses fondées sur des recherches menées au Brésil qui utilisent des paradigmes comme les expériences dichotiques, la soustraction de la consonne et de la voyelle initiale de pseudo-mots, le test de morphologie Berko et l'acquisition du langage. Des données plus récentes, obtenues grâce à un instrument spécifiquement conçu pour tester les frontières de mots externes, sont aussi discutées. Nus soutenons que les humains traitent la chaîne parlée d'une manière compensatoire (c'est-à-dire en utilisant des stratégies "bottom-up" et "top-down") jusqu'à ce qu'une représentation compatible avec le contexte soit obtenue.
Les phrases négatives elliptiques
Authors: Gaatone David
Published: June 2014

La possibilité d'une phrase elliptique ou, plus précisément, d'une phrase averbale, est, en français, soit soumise à des contraintes contextuelles comme, par exemple, la non-répétition d'une information déjà donnée, soit limitée à quelques rares structures syntaxiques, telles que, par exemple, divers types de phrases exclamatives. On constate cependant une certaine affinité entre la présence d'une négation formelle et l'ellipse du verbe. En fait, la négation semble pouvoir fonctionner, en association avec le terme nié, comme prédicat de phrase, rendant ainsi superflue, mais non impossible, la présence d'un support verbal, à condition qu'il s'agisse d'une négation de quantité, d'existence. On tente de décrire les types productifs de phrases négatives averbales, qui doivent être soigneusement distingués des types figés, fréquents dans le discours, mais limités à quelques items lexicaux. L'existence du phénomène mène en outre à revoir la formulation de certaines règles de négation, traditionnellement centrées sur le verbe.
La négation : de l'absence au refus, et du refus à l'absence
Authors: Danon-Boileau Laurent
Published: June 2014

L'objet du présent article est de montrer le développement des marques de négation chez l'enfant (entre deux et trois ans). Il rapporte la négation à deux sources le constat d'absence d'une part, le refus de l'autre. Il montre que la notion de refus est une notion complexe dont le maniement suppose de la part de l'enfant une capacité à se distinguer de son interlocuteur. La négation nexale au sens de Jespersen ('Ceci n'est pas mon ours') est proposée comme le résultat de l'articulation des deux sources initialement définies pour l'opération, plus précisément comme la dérive d'un refus fictif en constat d'absence partiel.
Pas et point en français classique (Molière)
Authors: Meunier André , Morel Mary-Annick
Published: June 2014

La distribution des fordusifs pas et point, observée dans des textes classiques (notamment dans le théâtre de Molière) ne constitue pas, comme il est dit généralement, un cas de variation libre (ou dialectale), mais peut être en grande partie expliquée par des phénomènes d'ordre énonciatif : pas signale une consensualité co-énonciative entre les représentations de l'énonciateur et celles qu'il prête à son co- énonciateur ; point au contraire souligne une discordance (une rupture) par rapport à cette consensualité. La généralisation de pas au fil de l'histoire a progressivement réduit cette opposition, perceptible cependant encore chez les auteurs contemporains archaïsants.
Siglaison-acronymie et néologie lexicale
Authors: Mortureux Marie-Françoise
Published: June 2014

On observing a corpus of approximately 200 siglas and acronyms, among which nearly half were the homonym unities of proper nouns or existing lexemes, we can bring forth the following conclusions :

The modalities linked to their formation cannot be limited to those of written abbreviations, but call for the creation of a sign associating a signifiant and a meaning.

In journalistic speech these unities behave as terms.

Their semantic value is the sum of the proper noun's identification function and the common noun's signification function.

The siglation-acronymy manifests the tension between linguistics anomalies and regularities as do many other contemporary productive neologies.
Usages et formations de sigles, une application dans l'industrie spatiale
Authors: Monnier Philippe
Published: June 2014

This study of acronyms belongs in the area of descriptive linguistics which deals with the written language and its interaction with speech, and with the bringing into play of linguistic economy. It also belongs in the the area of natural language processing through the development of tools and methods for the recognition of non- lexical forms in a corpus of technical reports. The analysis of the Matra Marconi Space corpus points out variants of the developped forms of one acronym and acronym redundancy in phrases. Thus the categorization of the phenomena we observed should be used for the constitution of electronic dictionaries.
L'écriture et la double articulation du langage
Authors: Catach Nina
Published: June 2014

I am going to discuss the subject of the "double articulation" of language, starting from the well-known debate held in the Forties, with reference to works of A. Martinet, Vachek, Hjelmslev and Uldall. The discussion was about the conditions under which written language could "admitted" into the linguistic field. I will discuss in particular the severe judgment of French linguistics concerning glossematics and script, considering the double articulation. I will show that the way in which French linguists are presenting this debate is misguided, because one has to take into account the fundamental asymmetry of writing and speech. We must now open up new approaches to the relationships between the two models. This is what F. Coulmas, among others, is doing for the Chinese Language. Although they are quite opposite, the two media are not two different languages, but a single having two types of competence, which, because of this partnership, is changed and becomes richer (L Prime Theory).
Pour une graphématique des usages : le cas de la ponctuation dans le dialogue télématique
Authors: Anis Jacques
Published: June 2014

Relying on certain insights of cognitive grammar and connectionnism we demonstrate that the punctuation in use among the partners of a telematic dialog is the result of the interaction of certains constraints, mainly the physical and cognitive parameters ot this kind of interchange, and graphic conventions. We describe some general tendencies, such as the low frequency of period and comma — resulting from frequent omission of purely demarcative marks — , the high number of question marks, the extensive use of suspension points. Studying six individual cases, we demonstrate, however, the diversity of practices, which depart to a variable extent from standard punctuation and favour one or another function of punctuation.
L'émergence d'une digraphie concurrente en Mongolie
Authors: Grivelet S
Published: June 2014

Since the recent democratization of Mongolia, the Uighur-Mongolian script, replaced in the 1940's by the Cyrillic script, was supposed to be again the official script in 1994. However, after four years of controversy, Mongolia seems to head today toward the coexistence of the two scripts. Observations on that recent time may help for the sociolinguistic study of the Mongolian situation. And this study may give the opportunity not only to follow the present implementation of a concurrent digraphia, but also to understand better the phenomenon of digraphia itself, a notion yet to be developed.
Prolégomènes à une "grammaire" du langage tambouriné : contribution à une théorie de la bendrologie
Authors: Sawadogo Georges
Published: June 2014

In his work Drums' and Masks' Language in Africa (Le langage des tamtams et des masques en Afrique), Titinga Frederic Pacere exposes the theoretical backgrounds of the Moose "literature". The drums' language is said to be at the source of all the cultural expressions of this "literature". Bendrology is therefore the science of this language which is a skilful juxtaposition of stereotyped concepts and phrases. The aim of this text is to decipher the different definitions given by Pacere in order to issue a syntagmatic of the drums' "speech" and lay the foundations of a "grammar". The text is therefore deliberately placed in the scope of linguistics despite the requirement of a pluridisciplinary approach.
Production des chaînes de référence et problèmes de structuration textuelle : la redénomination comme catalyseur d'une conjoncture discursive problématique
Authors: Masseron Caroline , Schnedecker Catherine
Published: June 2014

Notre étude porte sur l'emploi en continu des expressions qui dans une production écrite désignent un ou plusieurs individus (i. e. les chaînes de référence et donc les difficultés posées par le maintien de la permanence référentielle dans le corpus mis à disposition par F. Cusin-Berche et J. Anis. Nous faisons, en particulier, l'hypothèse que les erreurs, qui sont d'ordinaire détectées isolément et diagnostiquées comme "déficience" dans les stratégies référentielles, relèvent plus largement des difficultés éprouvées à faire cohabiter, de façon cohérente et cohesive, les différents plans de la structuration des textes (i.e. les périodes, séquences et domaines, selon M. Charolles, 1988, 1994). Autrement dit, l'une des voies didactiques proposées consiste à repérer des réseaux erronés, à "prédire ou prévoir" les conjonctures discursives particulièrement risquées pour les élèves aux fins d'une remédiation adaptées.
Lors veïssiez, histoire d'une marque de diction
Authors: Andrieux-Reix Nelly
Published: June 2014

Lors veïssiez belongs - at least orignally - to so-called "epical" phrases ; its being used in texts that are no epic poems and its staying in use until the end of the Middle Ages may indicate that the phrase has acquired a new function which consists in showing the literary status of the text.
Histoire, nomination, référence
Authors: Perret Michèle
Published: June 2014

A partir de l'étude de trois textes historiques ou pseudo-historiques des XTVème (Joinville) et XVème (Mélusine, Froissart) siècles, étude des modes d'introduction des noms propres et des procédés mis en œuvre pour permettre l'identification de leur réfèrent. De la nomination abrupte à l'élaboration de réseaux anaphoriques autour de pivots référentiels extra- ou intradiscursifs, on étudie la généralisation de la structure "un N+(qui + estre apele/ avoir a non) + NP
Jean Dubois et la lexicographie
Authors: Kannas Claude
Published: June 2014

Parallèlement à son travail universitaire d'enseignement et de recherche, Jean Dubois mène une importante activité éditoriale chez Larousse, où il dirige la rédaction et l'édition de plusieurs dictionnaires de langue française conçus dans le cadre de la linguistique structurale : dictionnaire général, tel le Lexis, ou dictionnaire d'apprentissage, visant le public scolaire des collèges et lycées, tel le Dictionnaire du français contemporain, ou celui des non-francophones, avec le Dictionnaire du français langue étrangère . Il participe aussi au Grand dictionnaire encyclopédique Larousse. L'article retrace ce parcours à la fois individuel et collectif prolongé de recherche lexicographique, de travail d'équipe et d'édition.
Jean Dubois et les débuts de l'analyse du discours en France : quelques réflexions
Authors: Maingueneau Dominique
Published: June 2014

Cet article évoque le rôle décisif qu'a joué Jean Dubois pour le développement de l'analyse du discours en France en 1968, 1969 et au début des années 70. Il montre que son action dans ce domaine a été variée : à la fois méthodologique, éditoriale et institutionnelle. Dubois a contribué à promouvoir cette discipline nouvelle et diversifiée et à l'inscrire dans le champ de la linguistique.
Jean Dubois et la pédagogie
Authors: Marchand Frank
Published: June 2014

Comme éditeur, Jean Dubois a eu, dans la période sensible des années 70, une influence certaine sur la formation des enseignants, car il a nourri les centres de formation des ouvrages de linguistique et pédagogie qu'il a publiés. Comme linguiste, il a joué un rôle important dans le domaine de la pédagogie, d'une part, en explicitant les rapports qui existent entre linguistique et enseignement des langues vivantes, langue maternelle en particulier ; d'autre part, en clarifiant les oppositions entre les discours des différentes grammaires : grammaire scientifique, grammaire pédagogique, grammaire normative ; enfin, en soumettant le discours de l'enseignement à la rigueur de l'analyse linguistique.
Analyse automatique des textes de spécialités et dictionnaires électroniques des termes de télécommunications : remarques sur la morphosyntaxe des termes composés
Authors: Fotopoulou A
Published: June 2014

Dans cet article on présente la procédure suivie pour construire des dictionnaires électroniques des termes de télécommunications. Étant donné la double nature des termes (mots et expressions d'une langue et en même temps dénominations de notions), il nous a paru indispensable de représenter dans ces dictionnaires non seulement des informations linguistiques nécessaires pour la reconnaissance des termes dans les textes mais aussi des informations générales (domaine, définition, source...) et sémantiques (synonymes...). On a surtout mis l'accent dans cet article sur les problèmes affrontés lors de l'organisation des données d'après leur structure morphosyntaxique. Les termes sont dans leur majorité des noms composés et des transformations telles que la surcomposition, l'ellipse, les modifieurs et les variantes (orthographiques ou morphosyntaxiques) posent des problèmes sur la délimitation de la structure de base, c'est-à-dire de l'entrée du dictionnaire.
Des verbes aux noms en -ant [+hum]
Authors: Meleuc Serge
Published: June 2014

From the whole corpus of French Verbs (12000 V), one may get about 600 derived Nouns -ant. Starting with 6000 verbs, we study here the 200 Nouns -ant marked as [+hum] . According to the general principles of the " lexique-grammaire " research, initiated at LADL by Prof. M. Gross, the subcategorizational and selectional properties of the Verbs in their elementary sentence-frames are tested in relation to the possibility of an automatic characterization of the derived Nouns -ant.
Collectifs d'êtres vivants
Authors: Dubois Jean , Dubois Charlier Françoise
Published: June 2014

Animate being collective nouns are singular nouns which refer to groups of human beings or animals. Human or animal collective nouns are submitted both to the nominal syntax of plural nouns and of human or animal nouns. In many aspects they are submitted to the verbal syntax of human or animal nouns and of plural nouns.
Les phrases à verbe support connaître, avoir et il y a
Authors: Monceaux A
Published: June 2014

Cet exposé résume quelques relations observables entre des phrases à verbe support avoir, connaître et il y a, avec un prédicat nominal simple ou composé. Nous nous questionnons sur la variété des constructions en connaître et tâchons d'en préciser les relations avec les phrases en avoir ou leurs variantes en il y a. Les exemples et citations montrent que certaines constructions en connaître, en particulier avec un déterminant possessif du Npréd, s'appliquent à des classes de noms sémantiquement homogènes, ou génèrent pour d'autres noms une interprétation particulière. L'exposé n'aborde pas les questions liées au temps verbal (a connu, connu, connaît) qui mériteraient pourtant un développement.
Analyse d'adverbes par verbes supports : exemples du portugais
Authors: Marques Ranchod E
Published: June 2014

Semi-fixed adverbial groups show alternate structures which could have similar semantics. Unlike English, the preposition cannot, in French, be studied without considering the noun group and strong constraints apply on this group. Several syntactic parameters should be taken into account : correlation of prepositions in the Prepi Art C Prep2 AH2 N structure or compatibility rules between verb related preposition and adverbs related preposition. Lexical or pragmatic constraints could also apply. We can conclude that free interchange is an exception and that no underlying semantics of the preposition could explain these properties.
Analyse automatique de corpus avec INTEX
Authors: Silberztein Max
Published: June 2014

INTEX is an integrated corpus processor based on the use of large coverage lexicons. It can be used to analyse texts of several megabytes. It includes several built-in dictionaries and grammars represented by finite state graphs ; the user may add his/her own dictionaries and grammars. These tools are applied to texts in order to locate lexical and syntactic patterns, remove ambiguities, and tag simple words as well as complex utterances. INTEX builds lemmatized concordances and indices of texts with respect to all types of patterns ; it is used by linguists to analyse corpora, but can also be viewed as an information retrieval system.
La modélisation lexicale dans le projet DELIS
Authors: Baschung Karine
Published: June 2014

The DELIS project ("Descriptive Lexical Specifications and Tools for Corpus-based Lexicon-building", project LRE 61.034 of the CEC) is building a generic toolbox for the interactive corpus-based construction of lexical specifications at the levels of lexical semantics, syntax and morphosyntax. The tools are used to build monolingual lexicon fragments for perception and speech act verbs and nouns of English, French, Italian, Danish and Dutch, as well as experimental bi- and multilingual fragments. Descriptive work is based on Fillmore's frame semantics and on ideas from Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) ; it is represented in typed feature structures (TFS) which combine concepts from unification formalisms, logic programming and object-oriented techniques. In this article, we concentrate on the linguistic aspects of the lexical modélisation in DELIS.
D'où vient le métalangage ?
Authors: Portine Henri
Published: June 2014

Après avoir rapidement illustré le constat selon lequel le terme métalangage peut recouvrir des objets différents, l'auteur de l'article aborde deux questions : (a) quelles sont les exigences fondatrices de 1 a notion de métalangage (exigences fonctionnelles : pouvoir mentionner, pouvoir nommer des domaines, pouvoir nommer des opérations ; exigences pragmatiques : évaluer pour corriger, assurer l'intercompréhension, réguler le discours) ? (b) comment se constitue génétiquement un métalangage (question liée à l'abord choisi : logique, reposant sur la motivation, cognitif) ? L'auteur termine par une rapide comparaison entre activité met alinguis tique et activité épilinguistique.
Entre anglais et latin : quel statut pour la langue française au lycée en 1900 ? (Remarques sur l'évolution des programmes de grammaire entre 1874 et 1902)
Authors: Corblin Colette
Published: June 2014

L'objet de cet exposé est de chercher si la distinction entre "maternelle" et "seconde" s'est manifestée dans les programmes d'enseignement des langues, à la suite de l'institution des langues vivantes et de la réorganisation des programmes du lycée. L'observation comparée des textes officiels montre que la langue française abandonne en réalité très lentement son statut de langue de traduction ou d'analyse pour gagner un statut de langue vivante.
Métadiscours et enseignement d'une langue artificielle
Authors: Jeandillou Jean-François
Published: June 2014

On the bases of the age-old différenciation between a priori and a posteriori languages (as volapuk, esperanto, etc.), we will contrast those artefacts with fancy languages (as Rabelais' lanternois, Swift's Lilliputian). Then, we will try to define the status of an artificial, fancy but really spoken language : Klingon. Begun in an American Sci- Fi.T.-V. serial, this language is lately fitted with a grammar, a lexicon and audio-visual methods which guarantie a large broadcasting. We will consider the mediation of English metalanguage to learn this idiom and also how this virtual dialect gives expression to sociolinguistic problems on W.W.W.
Métalangue grammaticale dans un choix de manuels d'enseignement de l'allemand
Authors: Sousa costa A
Published: June 2014

L'objectif de cette étude est de montrer l'évolution, les fluctuations ou, dans certains cas, l'absence de métatermes grammaticaux dans quelques manuels scolaires qui ont joué ou jouent un rôle prépondérant dans l'enseignement de l'allemand en lycée ou collège. L'analyse porte sur certains aspects du traitement du verbe et des éléments qui l'entourent, dans la proposition. Il s'avère que les recherches en linguistique vont de pair avec l'évolution des objectifs en didactique. Leurs résultats vont donner à de nombreux auteurs de manuels les bases théoriques et les instruments nécessaires à l'élaboration delà partie grammaticale. Il faut noter cependant que certains auteurs de manuels s'écartent, à tort, du modèle de base. De rares ouvrages se singularisent par une absence totale de réflexion théorique, ce qui se traduit par une dispersion d'éléments faisant partie d'un tout et par l'emploi en parallèle de métatermes différents pour un même élément. Il faut souligner le fait que la métalangue employée par les manuels n'est pas uniforme car les auteurs créent bien souvent leurs propres termes, même dans les cas où les linguistes se sont accordés sur une démonstration. Un autre aspect regrettable est le manque de clarté, de simplicité de certaines explications. Celui-ci peut résulter de l'absence ou même de la mauvaise assimilation d'une théorie linguistique.
Les indéfinis entre grammaire et linguistique. Le cas de n'importe quel
Authors: Ali Bouacha Magid
Published: June 2014

La dénomination, la classification et l'interprétation de n'importe quel dans les manuels de grammaire et les ouvrages de linguistique donnent lieu à une grande disparité. Présenté tantôt comme un indéfini, tantôt comme un représentant du quantificateur universel, tantôt encore comme un prédéterminant quantifiant, il peut dans certains contextes passer de la quantification stricte à la qualification marquée négativement ou positivement. La confrontation d'énoncés attestés et d'exemples reconstruits permet, tout en illustrant cette complexité de fonctionnement, de s'interroger sur la pertinence des différentes approches (logique, sémantique, énonciative) classiquement explorées pour la description de ce morphème.
La simplicité trompeuse de la terminologie en anglais oral
Authors: Huart R
Published: June 2014

I propose a reflexion on :

-the possible link between language biography of the learners of a

foreign language and the characteristics of their metalinguistic

representations ;

-the use, by a goal-driven language didactics, of the metalinguistic

representations brought to light.

Then, activities aimed at developing language awareness, since they

include a metacognitive process based on pre-existing linguistic

possibilities, stir up "translinguistic" competence.
Représentations métalinguistiques de l'apprenant d'une langue "étrangère" et stratégies d'apprentissage
Authors: Wharton S
Published: June 2014

This study is based on the observation of the verbal behaviour of two native French speakers, adolescents with a good academic background, in the process of negociating the production of a written text. The analysis of the corpus shows the scarcity of "functional" metalinguistic oral productions. Only evidence of mondane, common metalanguage can be found, leaving unsaid the construction of cohesion/coherence factors between sentences.
Métalangages, activité métalangagière et production écrite
Authors: Bouchard Robert
Published: June 2014

Cette étude se fonde sur l'observation du comportement verbal d'un couple d'adolescents natifs, d'un bon niveau scolaire, amenés à négocier la production collective d'un discours écrit. L'examen du corpus atteste la pauvreté des verbalisations métalangagières "fonctionnelles". On n'y trouve que des manifestations d'un métalangage pratique, "mondain", laissant, en particulier, non-verbalisée, l'élaboration des facteurs de cohésion - cohérence interphrastiques.
Reconnaissance des formes verbales en langue première
Authors: Tisset Carole
Published: June 2014

Dans cette communication seront présentés les résultats d'une recherche développementale visant à identifier les paramètres qu'utilisent les élèves pour identifier la catégorie du verbe. Il semble qu'il faille attendre le CMl pour que plus de 50% des enfants reconnaissent le verbe sans aide du contexte. Au cours des deux premières années, ils utilisent des critères sémantiques non pertinents. L'auteur de l'article analysera alors des tâches qui prouvent qu'ils reconnaissent les formes verbales morphologiquement très marquées à l'écrit comme à l'oral. Enfin, l'article tentera d'expliquer pourquoi leur activité métalinguistique est à l'opposé du contenu de l'enseignement grammatical dans ce domaine.
Intervention linguistique : théorie, pratique et intérêt dans le cadre de l'analyse de l'activité
Authors: Léglise I
Published: June 2014

Cet article propose une vision interventionniste du rôle du linguiste. 1 1 aborde les problèmes théoriques et pratiques que pose la notion d'intervention, mais aussi son intérêt du point de vue du champ social, dans le cadre de l'analyse de l'activité en ergonomie. Alors que des études de sociolinguistes se développent en France, dans le domaine de l'analyse du langage en situation de travail, le domaine d'étude est peu connu, aussi bien à l'intérieur de la discipline qu'à l'extérieur, où les demandes d'intervention sont latentes. Un exemple d'intervention dans le domaine de la conception d'interfaces homme-machine permet de montrer en quoi l'analyse linguistique des pratiques langagières informe sur l'homme au travail.
Optical and structural characterization of oleic acid-stabilized CdTe nanocrystals for solution thin film processing
Authors: Gutiérrez-Lazos Claudio Davet , Ortega-López Mauricio , Pérez-Guzmán Manuel A , Espinoza-Rivas A Mauricio , Solís-Pomar Francisco , Ortega-Amaya Rebeca , Silva-Vidaurri L Gerardo , Castro-Peña Virginia C , Pérez-Tijerina Eduardo
Published: June 2014

This work presents results of the optical and structural characterization of oleic acid-stabilized cadmium telluride nanocrystals (CdTe-NC) synthesized by an organometallic route. After being cleaned, the CdTe-NC were dispersed in toluene to obtain an ink-like dispersion, which was drop-cast on glass substrate to deposit a thin film. The CdTe-NC colloidal dispersion as well as the CdTe drop-cast thin films were characterized with regard to the optical and structural properties. TEM analysis indicates that the CdTe-NC have a nearly spherical shape (3.5 nm as mean size). Electron diffraction and XRD diffraction analyses indicated the bulk-CdTe face-centered cubic structure for CdTe-NC. An additional diffraction line corresponding to the octahedral Cd3P2 was also detected as a secondary phase, which probably originates by reacting free cadmium ions with trioctylphosphine (the tellurium reducing agent). The Raman spectrum exhibits two broad bands centered at 141.6 and 162.3 cm−1, which could be associated to the TO and LO modes of cubic CdTe nanocrystals, respectively. Additional peaks located in the 222 to 324 cm−1 range, agree fairly well with the wavenumbers reported for TO modes of octahedral Cd3P2.
SNAP-Ed Can Improve Nutrition of Low-Income Americans Across Life Span
Authors: Hersey James , Cates Sheryl , Blitstein Jonathan , Williams Pamela
Published: June 2014

Nutrition education in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP-Ed) is designed to promote healthy eating behaviors in a low-income target population. In particular, SNAP-Ed programming encourages participants to increase consumption of fruit and vegetables and switch to lower fat dairy products. With funding from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), we independently evaluated eight programs that were selected as possible model SNAP-Ed programs. Our evaluations used robust research designs (experimental or quasi-experimental), similar primary outcome measures across the studies, and statistical analyses to account for clustering of participants within settings. These evaluations found a significant effect in outcomes for four programs: one in child care settings, two in elementary schools, and one in senior centers, suggesting that SNAP-Ed has the potential to be effective for some individuals across all age groups. Additionally, the study findings suggest that the maturity of the program (that is, experience in implementing the program over time) may make nutrition education more effective. Future studies should assess the longer-term effects on nutrition behaviors and sustainability of SNAP-Ed programs for preschool- and elementary-aged children, adults, and senior citizens.
TESTING OF CHLORELLA/SCENEDESMUS MICROALGAE CONSORTIA FOR REMEDIATION OF WASTEWATER, CO₂ MITIGATION AND ALGAE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY FOR LIPID PRODUCTION
Authors: Koreivienė Judita , Valčiukas Robertas , Karosienė Jūratė , Baltrėnas Pranas
Published: June 2014

Industry, transport and unsustainable agriculture result in the increased quantity of wastewater, release of nutrients and emission of carbon dioxide that promotes eutrophication of water bodies and global climate change. the application of microalgae for phycoremediation, their biomass use for human needs may increase sustainability and have a positive effect on the regional development. The experiments were carried out in order to establish the feasibility of treating the local municipal wastewater with microalgae consortia and their biomass potential for biofuel production. The results revealed that Chlorella/Scenedesmus consortium eliminated up to 99.7–99.9% of inorganic phosphorus and up to 88.6–96.4% of inorganic nitrogen from the wastewater within three weeks. The ammonium removal was more efficient than that of nitrate. Chlorella algae grew better in diluted, while Scenedesmus – in the concentrated wastewater. The consortium treated wastewater more efficiently than a single species. The maximum biomass (3.04 g/L) of algal consortium was estimated in concentrated wastewater. Algae accumulated 0.65–1.37 g of CO2/L per day in their biomass. Tus, Chlorella/Scenedesmus consortium is a promising tool for nutrients elimination from the local wastewater under the climatic conditions specific to Lithuania. However, none of the two species were able to accumulate lipids under the nitrogen starvation conditions.
WINDFARMS AND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY VALUES
Authors: McCarthy Iona , Balli Hatice Ozer
Published: June 2014

This study examines the effect that windfarm visibility has on residential property values using a hedonic regression model. The study area is Ashhurst, New Zealand, a township of approximately 900 dwellings. Ashhurst is located within eight kilometres of two separate windfarms that were developed between 1998 and 2007 comprising 103x660kW turbines, 31x3MW turbines, and 55x1.65MW turbines. The analysis uses the 945 open market house sales that occurred in Ashhurst between 1995 and 2008. Visual impact of turbines is studied to capture the impact of windfarms and it is assessed using GIS viewshed analysis and by field inspection. The hedonic models had satisfactory explanatory performance and in each case indicated that the turbines located between 2.5 and 6 kilometres from the township of Ashhurst had no significant impact on property value.
APPLYING A KANO QUALITY MODEL FOR INTELLIGENT GREEN BUILDING DESIGN STRATEGIES IN TAIWAN
Authors: Juan Yi-Kai , Huang Sheng-Jhao Hsu , Chen Hung-Ting
Published: June 2014

Intelligent green building (IGB) industry has received considerable global recognition due to the rapid development of advanced technology, intelligent materials, innovative products, and services in recent years. Although various cross-domain experiments and practices with respect to IGB projects are ready for operation, the notion and benefits of IGB are still ambiguous and debatable. The purpose of this study is to apply a Kano quality model and a customer satisfaction matrix to evaluate professional designers’ and general users’ satisfaction, preferences, and acceptability of IGB design strategies. The study result reveals that the proposed approach could be a useful tool to explore similarities and discrepancies of strategy preferences between designers and users, and these findings could effectively decrease the communication gap for future IGB design.