bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green synthetic investigation and spectral characterization of some spiro pyrazolidine‐based heterocycles with potential biological activity
Authors: El‐Ossaily Yasser A. , Metwally Saoud A. , Al‐Muailkel Nayef S. , Fawzy Ahmed , Ali Hazim M. , Naffea Yousra A.
Published: January 2020

A green, rapid, and efficient methodology is developed for the synthesis of 1‐phenyl‐3,5‐pyrazolidinedione (3) by the reaction of malonic acid with phenyl hydrazine in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride under solvent‐free conditions. The later compound 3 was used as a versatile precursor for green synthesis of chalcone derivatives (4a‐h) and spiroheterocyclic compounds (5a‐h) with good to excellent isolated yields. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental and spectral analyses.
Rainy season onset over Northeast China and the related atmospheric circulations
Authors: Li Xingxing , Sun Jianqi
Published: January 2020

Northeast China is one of the major commodity crop bases in East Asia, thus, it plays an important role in regional and global food security. The transition from a dry to a wet season, that is, the beginning of the rainy season, is critical for agricultural planning in the region. In this study, the rainy season onset (RSO) dates in Northeast China are first determined based on the “anomalous accumulation” (AA) method, and the RSO‐related atmospheric circulations are then explored. The results show that the mean RSO date in Northeast China is May 13, with a standard deviation of 13 days. The RSO is related to the sudden changes in atmospheric circulations, including the weakening of the East Asian trough and the East Asian jet stream, and the northward movement of the convergence zone. The RSO dates for Northeast China show strong year‐to‐year variability. The composite difference in the atmospheric circulations between earlier and later RSO years implies that a meridional dipole pattern reflected by anomalous 500 hPa geopotential height and zonal wind over East Asia is closely related to the RSO interannual variability. This dipole pattern is accompanied by southeasterly (northwesterly) wind anomalies in the middle and low troposphere over Northeast China during the earlier (later) RSO years, consequently enhancing (weakening) moisture transportation and moist static energy over the region and thereby favouring an advanced (delayed) seasonal transition from the dry to wet season. The RSO dates revealed in this study are valuable for guiding spring sowing practices in the region.
Modal phase velocity compensation in multilayer differentially fed directional couplers
Authors: Smolarz Robert , Wincza Krzysztof , Gruszczynski Slawomir
Published: January 2020

In this article, we present for the first time the possibility of the modal phase velocity compensation in differentially fed directional couplers designed in inhomogeneous dielectric media. It is shown that in an appropriate, inhomogeneous dielectric structure, the equalization of even‐ and odd‐mode phase velocities propagating in such couplers can be made. The presented method has been verified experimentally by design and measurements of a fabricated coupler to show the correctness and applicability of the proposed solution. A 8‐dB differentially fed directional coupler has been designed as a edgewise structure operating at 1 GHz center frequency.
Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of synthetic phlogopite and lepidolite samples
Authors: Sulcek Lara , Langner Ramona , Werner‐Zwanziger Ulrike , Zwanziger Josef W. , Martineau‐Corcos Charlotte , Fechtelkord Michael
Published: January 2020

In the present work, our aim is to decipher the cationic ordering in the octahedral and tetrahedral sheets of two Al‐rich synthetic materials, namely, phlogopites of nominal composition K(Mg3‐xAlx)[Al1+xSi3‐xO10](OH)yF2‐y and lepidolites in the system trilithionite–polylithionite with composition K (LixAl3‐x)[Al4‐2xSi2xO10](OH)yF2‐y, by directly probing the aluminium distribution through 27Al and 17O magic‐angle spinning, multiple‐quantum magic‐angle spinning, and 27Al‐27Al double‐quantum single‐quantum nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Notably, 27Al‐27Al double‐quantum single‐quantum magic‐angle spinning NMR spectra, recorded at 9.34 and/or 20.00 T, show the spatial proximity or avoidance of the Al species inside or between the sheets. In both studied minerals, the ensemble of NMR data suggests a preference for [4]Al in the tetrahedral sheet to occupy position close to the [6]Al of the octahedral sheets.
Brody myopathy demonstrates a pseudo‐increment on repetitive nerve stimulation
Authors: Masingue Marion , Arzel Marianne , Sternberg Damien , Stojkovic Tanya , Behin Anthony , Bassez Guillaume , Vicart Savine , Péréon Yann , Magot Armelle , Kuntzer Thierry , Eymard Bruno , Fournier Emmanuel
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Brody myopathy (BM) is a recessive condition caused by mutations in the ATP2A1 gene and usually induces impaired muscle relaxation during and after exercise. Diagnosis relies on needle electromyography showing electrical silence, muscle biopsy with decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase activity, and genetic analysis. Electrodiagnostic functional analyses are useful in the diagnosis of channelopathies, and thus may be impaired in BM.

Methods

We performed exercise tests and repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS; 10 supramaximal stimuli at 3 Hz) in 10 patients with BM.

Results

All participants showed incremental responses on RNS. Compound muscle action potential amplitude was increased and duration was decreased, especially in the ulnar nerve (+30.2 ± 7.1% and − 30.3 ± 2.8%, respectively; both P < .001).

Discussion

Easily accessible, this sign, referred to as the Arzel sign, could prove to be a very useful tool in BM diagnosis and in broadening its phenotype.
Female leaders and board performance in member‐serving nonprofit organizations
Authors: Dula Lauren , Nicholson‐Crotty Jill , Gazley Beth
Published: January 2020

Despite an active stream of “good governance” research, there is not yet much nonprofit scholarship examining how the gender composition of a board or its leadership relates to board performance. This article helps to fill this gap, focusing on the governance practices of US‐based nonprofits serving a domestic or international membership. A structural equation model finds that the presence of female leaders relates to the performance of nonprofit boards both directly and indirectly through these leaders' presumed influence on board characteristics and operation. This research advances the field by empirically testing a longstanding theory that board performance is both multidimensional and contingent on the market and labor environment, organizational capacity and other characteristics—in this case, gender dynamics. We find there are some positive relationships between female board leadership and clearly defined measures of board performance. These findings also suggest that a strategy to balance a board's gender may serve many nonprofits, but gender representation works in tandem with other board characteristics.
Support your student‐veterans through graduation with a suite of free virtual tools
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2020

CHICAGO — Colleges and universities often publicize the number of student‐veterans they recruit to their campus, but how often do those student‐veterans complete a degree? More so even than the majority of their adult learner counterparts, these students need transition and support services to thrive on your campus.
Doctoral students report high levels of anxiety, depression
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2020

More than a third of doctoral students are struggling with depression, anxiety, and other mental health concerns and lack resources or support from those around them. That comes from the fifth annual survey of doctoral students across the globe by Nature magazine.
Develop a skilled workforce while helping immigrant adult learners start a career
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2020

Southern Maine Community College is currently in the midst of an initiative to upscale its workforce called Building the Pipeline. “Our unemployment rate is historically low here, and we have a very aging population. Maine's death rate has outpaced its birth rate. We're the oldest state in the nation and the oldest population,” said James Whitten, Dean of the Midcoast Campus and satellite centers of SMCC, and Head of Workforce Development and Continuing Education. The majority of population growth in the state comes from “New Mainers,” which includes immigrants and refugees who have recently settled in the state. “It's vital that we get everyone who wants to work into a job,” Whitten said.
High‐Breakdown‐Voltage AlGaN Channel High‐Electron‐Mobility Transistors with Reduced Surface Field Technique
Authors: Li Zhongyang , Du Lin , Lou Jianshe , Jiang Yun , Wang Kunshu , Wen Wei , Wang Zhizhe , Zhao Shenglei , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue
Published: January 2020

In this article, reduced surface field (RESURF) AlGaN channel high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs) are proposed and investigated through 2D simulation for the first time. p+ doping is designed to form the RESURF structure, and the impact of the p+ doping density and length on breakdown characteristics is investigated. The breakdown voltage (BV) can be improved from 819 V for a conventional HEMT to 1746 V for a RESURF HEMT with a p+ doping density of 5 × 1018 cm−3 and length of 4 μm. Although the specific on‐resistance (RON) increases from 1.45 to 2.16 mΩ cm2, the power figure of merit (FOM) increases from 2.49 × 108 to 8.28 × 108 V2 Ω−1 cm−2 by utilizing a RESURF structure. By increasing the Al component of the RESURF AlGaN channel HEMT, the BV can be improved from 1746 to 2199 V. However, the RON also increases from 3.68 to 8.04 mΩ cm2, which leads to a decreasing of the power FOM. Simulation and analysis suggest that RESURF AlGaN channel HEMTs have great potential in power electronic applications.
Multiresonant Split Ring Resonator with Meandered Strips
Authors: Hao Jianping , Djouadi Amine , Rault François , Tao Xuyuan , Lheurette Éric , Burgnies Ludovic
Published: January 2020

A multiresonant split ring resonator (SRR) composed of two circular‐shaped meandered strips is presented. Resonances are first analyzed by means of eigenmodes computation and field mapping. It is shown that a resonance can emerge from a standing wave taking place in each slot produced by a meandered strip. A slot operates as a two‐wire transmission line section short‐circuited at one termination and loaded by an open‐circuit at the other end. Consecutively, a resonance occurs approximately when a quarter‐wavelength matches the length of the slot. A resonance frequency shift is observed, and it is related to a transverse magnetic coupling between a first antisymmetric mode and a second symmetric mode. Finally, multiple resonances in an SRR are experimentally evidenced by spectroscopy of the input impedance of an SRR resonator antenna. Experimental results are favorably compared with simulation.
Crystal Structure, Antitumour and Antibacterial Activity of Imidazo[1, 2‐α]pyridine Ligand Containing Palladium Complexes
Authors: Alam Md N. , Yu Jun Q. , Beale Philip , Turner Peter , Proschogo Nick , Huq Fazlul
Published: January 2020

Due to similar coordination chemistry of palladium with platinum, a lot of palladium compounds investigated for their anticancer activity after the discovery of cisplatin. Imidazo[1, 2‐α]pyridine is a drug precursor scaffold and has already been successfully utilized to come up with a number of clinical drugs against various diseases. In this present study anticancer and antimicrobial activity of three palladium complexes e. g. [PdL4]2Cl (coded as NH4), PdL2Cl2 (coded as NH5) and [PdL4]2Cl.(4H2O).L (coded as NH6) where L=imidazo[1,2‐α]pyridine ligand has been described. All of the synthesized palladium complexes have been characterized by elemental microanalysis and spectral techniques. [PdL4]2Cl and [PdL4]2Cl.(4H2O).L were also characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction method. MTT reduction assay was used to determine the anticancer activity against three human ovarian tumour models and three colorectal tumour models. PdL2Cl2 has shown moderate anticancer activity with lower resistance factor value against ovarian cancer model compared to clinical standard cisplatin. The same complex also exhibited significant antitumour activity in all colorectal tumour models. The rest of the complexes did not show significant anticancer activity but one of the complexes displayed promising antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. PdL2Cl2 could act at least as a lead to develop new anticancer agent.
Identification of Organic Materials Used in Gilding Technique in Wall Paintings of Kizil Grottoes
Authors: Zhou Zhibo , Shen Ling , Wang Na , Ren Xiaoxu , Yang Jie , Shi Yanchao , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2020

Red and yellow organic resinous layers were observed beneath the foil decoration of Cave 171 (5th‐7th Century A.D.) in Kizil Grottoes, the earliest Buddhist grottoes in ancient Central Asia. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy results demonstrated the presence of lac resin and typical pyrolysis of drying oil. In order to overcome the difficulties in confirming the organic materials in different gilding layers, micro‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ‐FTIR) and desorption electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (DESI‐MS) scanning were performed on the painting cross‐section. High contents of di‐carboxylic acids, which are the typical markers of degraded drying oil, are detected in the upper yellow layer and lower red ground, indicating the drying oil was mixed with minium (Pb3O4) as binder for preparing the substrate as well as the mordant for gilding, and lac resin was painted over minium as the background color.
Design of Potential Inhibitors and Prediction of their Activity by the Structural Insight of VEGFR2 Inhibitors: Atom‐based 3D‐QSAR, Fingerprint‐based 2D QSAR and Off‐target analysis.
Authors: Rathi Ekta , Kumar Avinash , Suvarna  , Kini G.
Published: January 2020

VEGF−A is a crucial factor of angiogenesis process in tumor cells. It mediates its biological function through VEGFR2. Therefore, VEGFR2 is a promising target to suppress angiogenesis. Till date, 8‐FDA approved VEGFR2 inhibitors are available but correlated with serious side effects due to off‐target activity of compounds. Hence, these findings alarmed us to find the favorable features of compounds and association of compounds to the serious side effects. To address these question, an Atom‐based 3D and fingerprint‐based 2D QSAR models were constructed. The results of these models assisted us to design the hits 5 a and 6 a with favorable features from the inactive Compound 52 of diaryl urea analogs (IC50=53 μM). The designed hits were subjected for docking, binding free energy calculation, ADME and hERG toxicity in comparison of Compound 52 of diaryl urea analogs. On the contrary to hit 5a and Compound 52 of diaryl urea analogs, hit 6 a possessed crucial interactions with ASP1046 and GLU885 along with acceptable ADMET profile which was affirmed by Molecular Dynamics simulation study. The best hit 6 a was also subjected first time to off‐target analysis employing PoSSuM database.
Computational Studies of CL‐20‐based Materials
Authors: Shi Wenyan , Cang Hui , Yan Xiuhua , Xu Wei , Shao Rong , Liu Chuan‐Wen , Chen Cheng‐Lung
Published: January 2020

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to investigate mechanical properties of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12‐hexanitro‐2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) based materials. The effects of adding acrylate rubber polymer (AR‐71) as binder and dioctyl adipate (DOA) as plasticizer were analyzed. The safety factors of the CL‐20 materials were judged from the various calculated mechanical properties. In addition to these, thermal stabilities of CL‐20 based materials were also investigated by the combinations of quantum mechanical (QM) calculations and MD simulations. The simulation results indicate that addition of AR‐71 and DOA help to stabilize the CL‐20 materials. Our simulation results agree well with experimental observations.
AIEgen‐Based Fluorescent Nanomaterials for Bacterial Detection and its Inhibition
Authors: Roy Ekta , Nagar Achala , Chaudhary Sandeep , Pal Souvik
Published: January 2020

The infections caused by bacteria have affected human health severely. The bacterial infections spread either directly or indirectly by coming in contact with the food during packaging or by the use of medical devices. The efficient theranostic systems for bacteria provide therapeutic effects that have received attentions in the research field. In this prospect, the fluorescent materials have gained tremendous recognition in the biological applications due to their excellent species diversity, optical properties and high sensitivity. However, most of the conventional fluorophores suffer aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effects in the aggregated state. The opposite of ACQ is Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE), where AIEgens play an important role in the imaging, detecting and killing the bacteria as well. In this context, we have summarized the applications of AIEgens on multiple bacterial imaging, detection, discrimination and antibacterial activity to understand the modern theranostic system.
Generalising a Simple Methodology for the Regioselective Anomeric Deacetylation of Carbohydrates
Authors: Hattie Mitchell , Stubbs Keith A.
Published: January 2020

The use of methylamine to deprotect 1‐O‐acetyl protected carbohydrates has only attracted limited interest in the literature. Demonstrated here is an approach that is able to be generalized for a wide variety of carbohydrate scaffolds which results in a high yielding, simplified, practical, expedient and clean method to prepare hemiacetals from 1‐O‐acetyl protected carbohydrates.
An Overview of Rhodium‐Catalysed Multi‐Component Reactions
Authors: Shilpa Thomas , Dhanya Raju , Saranya Salim , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: January 2020

Multi‐component reactions have emerged as a powerful synthetic tactic for modern synthetic organic chemists for performing Diversity Oriented Synthesis. In recent years, with the advent of transition metal‐catalysed multi‐component reactions, rhodium catalysed reactions have proven to be promising candidates for delivering highly functionalized products. This review provides an overview of the rhodium‐catalysed multi‐component reactions leading to the formation of various types of compounds such as carbocycles, heterocycles of different types, spirocompounds, vicinal diols, amino acid derivatives etc.
Knoevenagel Condensation and Michael Addition in Bio‐Renewable Deep Eutectic Solvent: Facile Synthesis of a Library of Bis‐enol Derivatives
Authors: Srivastava Suman
Published: January 2020

Choline chloride and polyethylene glycol based bio‐renewable deep eutectic solvent displayed remarkable activity for the synthesis of bis‐enol scaffolds via knoevenegal condensation followed by michael addition. The green and bio‐renewable deep eutectic solvent is found to be mild, non‐toxic, bio‐compatible, with significant features such as excellent yields, facile preparation, and biodegradable with good recyclability.
Understanding the Effect of the Third Component PC71BM on Nanoscale Morphology and Photovoltaic Properties of Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Qiu Beibei , Chen Shanshan , Sun Chenkai , Yuan Jun , Zhang Xuning , Zhu Can , Qin Shucheng , Meng Lei , Zhang Yuan , Yang Changduk , Zou Yingping , Li Yongfang
Published: January 2020

Herein, PC71BM is used as the third component (the second acceptor) to improve the photovoltaic performance of the organic solar cells (OSCs) based on a low‐cost polymer donor PTQ10 and a nonfullerene small‐molecule acceptor Y6. The ternary OSCs based on PTQ10:Y6:PC71BM reach a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.07% with enhanced short‐circuit current density and a better fill factor in comparison with the binary OSCs based on PTQ10:Y6, which is ascribed to the higher electron mobility, better charge extraction, and suppressed charge recombination of the ternary PSCs. The film morphology of the OSCs is studied by grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, photo‐induced force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, which reveals that with the treatment of additive (0.5% CN) and thermal annealing, the phase separation of Y6 is obviously enhanced, whereas no significant changes occur for that of PTQ10 component. Besides, the addition of PC71BM slightly lowers the ratio of the face‐on orientation in the blend film and attenuate the aggregation of acceptor Y6. In addition, compared with the binary PTQ10:Y6 OSC, the ternary device based on PTQ10:Y6:PC71BM shows better device stability, demonstrating a great potential for the practical application of ternary OSCs.
Outcome after treatment of distal radius fractures in the elderly using the IlluminOss® System
Authors: Van Oijen Guido W. , Vegt Paul A. , Hagenaars Tjebbe , Van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Verhofstad Michael H. J.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Distal radius fractures are very common and account for approximately 17% of all fractures treated. Multiple treatment methods are available to treat these fractures, both operative and nonoperative. This study aimed at evaluating the functional and clinical outcomes after treatment of distal radius fractures with the IlluminOss® System in adult patients.

Methods

A retrospective case series was performed in a single-level two-trauma center. All consecutive adult patients with a distal radius fracture, treated with the IlluminOss® System between 01 August 2012 and 15 August 2015, were included in this study. Baseline patient characteristics and clinical data were retrospectively extracted from the medical records. Radial inclination, volar/dorsal tilt, ulnar variance, and radial length were measured on the latest available standard radiographs. In addition, patients were prospectively subjected to physical examination and were asked to complete the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation, and Short Form-36 questionnaires.

Results

Twenty-six patients with 31 distal radius fractures were included. The median age at time of trauma was 77 years and 96% were females. Five patients developed a total of seven complications. Due to persisting pain one reoperation was performed, removing a small prominent part of the implant. Both patient-reported outcome scores and radiographic results were good to excellent.

Conclusions

The IlluminOss® System is a feasible option to treat distal radius fractures with seemingly good clinical and functional outcome. One out of seven complications required surgical intervention. These outcomes justify more detailed prospective research.
Natural resistance to Potato virus Y in Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja
Authors: Torrance Lesley , Cowan Graham H. , McLean Karen , MacFarlane Stuart , Al-Abedy Aqeel N. , Armstrong Miles , Lim Tze-Yin , Hein Ingo , Bryan Glenn J.
Published: January 2020

Key Message

Novel major gene resistance againstPotato virus Yin diploid populations ofSolanum tuberosumGroups Phureja and Tuberosum was biologically and genetically characterised. Named Ry(o)phu, it mapped to chromosome 9.

A new source of genetic resistance derived fromSolanum tuberosumGroupPhurejaagainstPotato virus Y(PVY) was identified and genetically characterised in three diploid biparental potato populations. Segregation data for two populations (05H1 and 08H1) suggested the presence of a single dominant gene for resistance to PVY which, following DaRT analysis of the 08H1 cross, was mapped to chromosome 9. More detailed genetic analysis of resistance utilised a well-characterised SNP-linkage map for the 06H1 population, together with newly generated marker data. In these plants, which have bothS. tuberosumGroupPhurejaandS. tuberosumGroupTuberosumin their pedigree, the resistance was shown to map to chromosome 9 at a locus not previously associated with PVY resistance, although there is evidence for at least one other genetic factor controlling PVY infection. The resistance factor location on chromosome 9 (named as Ry(o)phu) suggests a potential role of NB-LRR genes in this resistance. Phenotypic analysis using a GUS-tagged virus revealed that a small amount of PVY replication occurred in occasional groups of epidermal cells in inoculated leaves of resistant plants, without inducing any visible hypersensitive response. However, the virus did not enter the vascular system and systemic spread was completely prevented.
Determination of picomolar levels of methylmercury complexes with low molecular mass thiols by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and online preconcentration
Authors: Liem-Nguyen Van , Nguyen-Ngoc Hoang-Tung , Adediran Gbotemi A. , Björn Erik
Published: January 2020

Methylmercury (MeHg) is one of the most potent neurotoxins. It is produced in nature through the methylation of inorganic divalent mercury (HgII) by phylogenetically diverse anaerobic microbes. The mechanistic understanding of the processes that govern the extent of bacterial export of MeHg, its bioaccumulation, and bio-toxicity depends on accurate quantification of its species, especially its complexation with low molecular mass thiols; organometallic complexes that are difficult to detect and measure in natural conditions. Here, we report the development of a novel analytical method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine 13 MeHg complexes with important thiol compounds which have been observed in the environment and in biological systems. By using online preconcentration via solid phase extraction (SPE), the method offers picomolar (12–530 pM) detection limits, the lowest reported so far for the determination of MeHg compounds. Among three different SPE materials, a weak cation exchange phase showed the best efficiency at a low pH of 2.5. We further report the presence of MeHg-cysteine, MeHg-cysteamine, MeHg-penicillamine, MeHg-cysteinylglycine, and MeHg-glutamylcysteine as the predominant MeHg–thiol complexes in the extracellular milieu of an important HgII methylating bacterium, Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA, exposed to 100 nM of HgII.
Klima, Psyche und Psychotherapie
Authors: Nikendei Christoph
Published: January 2020

Hintergrund

Trotz der erdrückenden Evidenz für den anthropogenen Klimawandel und die Gefährdung der menschlichen Zivilisation durch den kontinuierlich zunehmenden CO2-Ausstoß und der damit zusammenhängenden globalen Erwärmung existiert eine bedrohliche Kluft zwischen unserem Wissen und hieraus resultierendem Handeln.

Methode

Basierend auf einer selektiven Literaturübersicht mit dem Fokus auf die Arbeiten von Clayton et al. (2015), Marshall (2015), Orange (2017), Hoggett (2019) sowie konflikt- und (gesellschafts‑)strukturelle Überlegungen in Anlehnung an die Operationalisierte Psychodynamische Diagnostik (OPD) wurden mehrere Säulen eines integrativ wirksam werdenden Modells zum „value-action gap“ – der Diskrepanz aus Wissen und Handeln – entwickelt.

Ergebnisse

In einem narrativen Review werden Überlegungen aus kognitionspsychologischer, psychodynamischer und psychotraumatologischer Sicht zum Umgang mit der globalen Erwärmung vorgestellt. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Konzepte der „kognitiven Verzerrung“, der „Verleugnung“ und „Omnipotenz“, des individuellen und gesellschaftlichen „Strukturmangels“ sowie der „Traumatisierung von Opfern und Tätern“.

Kognitionspsychologische, psychodynamische und psychotraumatologische Konzepte können ein tiefgreifenderes Verständnis für unsere offensichtliche Handlungsunfähigkeit in Bezug auf die globale Erwärmung ermöglichen und im besten Fall helfen, diese zu überwinden. Potenzielle Implikationen für Psychotherapeuten und die Psychotherapie werden beleuchtet.
Diversity and temperature indirectly reduce CO2 concentrations in experimental freshwater communities
Authors: Lewington-Pearce Leah , Parker Ben , Narwani Anita , Nielsen Jens M. , Kratina Pavel
Published: January 2020

Biodiversity loss and climate warming are occurring in concert, with potentially profound impacts on ecosystem functioning. We currently know very little about the combined effects of these changes on the links between the community structure, dynamics and the resulting in situ CO2 concentrations in freshwater ecosystems. Here we aimed to determine both individual and combined effects of temperature and non-resource diversity (species inedible for a given consumer) on CO2 concentration. Our analysis further aimed to establish both direct effects on CO2 concentrations and potential indirect effects that occur via changes to the phytoplankton and zooplankton biomasses. Our results showed that there were no interactive effects of changes in temperature and diversity on CO2 concentration in the water. Instead, independent increases in either temperature or non-resource diversity resulted in a substantial reduction in CO2 concentrations, particularly at the highest non-resource diversity. The effects of non-resource diversity and warming on CO2 were indirect, resulting largely from the positive impacts on total biomass of primary producers. Our study is the first to experimentally partition the impacts of temperature and diversity on the consumer–resource dynamics and associated changes to CO2 concentrations. It provides new mechanistic insights into the role of diverse plankton communities for ecosystem functioning and their importance in regulating CO2 dynamics under ongoing climate warming.
Developing student competence through peer assessment: the role of feedback, self-regulation and evaluative judgement
Authors: Ibarra-Sáiz María Soledad , Rodríguez-Gómez Gregorio , Boud David
Published: January 2020

How can students’ competence be developed through peer assessment? This paper focuses on how relevant variables such as participation, evaluative judgement and the quality of the assessment interact and influence peer assessment. From an analysis of 4 years of data from undergraduate classes in project management, it develops a model of causal relationships validated using the PLS-SEM method. It demonstrates relationships between these variables and considerers the influence of students’ competence and the mediating nature of feedback and self-regulation on the process. It points to how peer assessment practices can be improved whilst highlighting how evaluative judgement and feedback are two key elements that can be addressed to deliver the effective development of students’ competence.
Managing collaborative research data for integrated, interdisciplinary environmental research
Authors: Finkel M. , Baur A. , Weber T.K.D. , Osenbrück K. , Rügner H. , Leven C. , Schwientek M. , Schlögl J. , Hahn U. , Streck T. , Cirpka O.A. , Walter T. , Grathwohl P.
Published: January 2020

The consistent management of research data is crucial for the success of long-term and large-scale collaborative research. Research data management is the basis for efficiency, continuity, and quality of the research, as well as for maximum impact and outreach, including the long-term publication of data and their accessibility. Both funding agencies and publishers increasingly require this long term and open access to research data. Joint environmental studies typically take place in a fragmented research landscape of diverse disciplines; researchers involved typically show a variety of attitudes towards and previous experiences with common data policies, and the extensive variety of data types in interdisciplinary research poses particular challenges for collaborative data management. In this paper, we present organizational measures, data and metadata management concepts, and technical solutions to form a flexible research data management framework that allows for efficiently sharing the full range of data and metadata among all researchers of the project, and smooth publishing of selected data and data streams to publicly accessible sites. The concept is built upon data type-specific and hierarchical metadata using a common taxonomy agreed upon by all researchers of the project. The framework’s concept has been developed along the needs and demands of the scientists involved, and aims to minimize their effort in data management, which we illustrate from the researchers’ perspective describing their typical workflow from the generation and preparation of data and metadata to the long-term preservation of data including their metadata.
Severe wellbore instability in a complex lithology formation necessitating casing while drilling and continuous circulation system
Authors: Ashena R. , Elmgerbi A. , Rasouli V. , Ghalambor A. , Rabiei M. , Bahrami A.
Published: January 2020

Most of drilling hole problems are attributed to wellbore stability issues which adversely cause excessive lost time and cost millions of dollars. The past drilling experiences in Kupal oilfield showed excessive mud losses, kick flows, tight holes and pipe stuck leading to repeated reaming, fishing and sidetracking. Most of the drilling-associated problems in this field occurred during drilling the 12 ¼-in. hole, which is across the non-reservoir Gachsaran formation (consisting of anhydrite, gypsum and marl with thin limestone layers). Mainly due to the lack of required formation evaluation data, no geomechanical studies of this formation have been conducted to date. In this work, first, we constructed a geomechanical model to investigate the root of the problems. This is a pioneer wellbore stability work for such a complex lithology formation which included finding the equations best-matching with core data and field observations. Finally, to overcome the field challenges and hole problems, the study proposes some field remedial actions. The results of the geomechanical modeling show that the pore pressure, shear and tensile failure gradients are greatly variable with the safe mud weight window becoming excessively narrow at some intervals. This accounts for the encountered wellbore stability issues as managing the mud weight in these situations requires several casing strings. To mitigate the extent of the problem, this study proposes the application of innovative drilling technologies including casing while drilling to eliminate the casing running time with potential reduction in drilling time, and continuous circulation system to prevent cuttings settling and kick flows during connections. These technologies are capable of elimination of the geomechanical part of the drilling delay (30% of the average 77 drilling days) per well.
Numerical simulation analysis of the impact of photovoltaic systems and energy storage technologies on centralised generation: a case study for Australia
Authors: Brenna Morris , Corradi Alessandro , Foiadelli Federica , Longo Michela , Yaici Wahiba
Published: January 2020

In response to climate change concerns, most of the industrialised countries have committed in recent years to increase their share of Renewable Energy Sources to reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions. Therefore, the rapid deployment of small-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems, mainly in residential applications, is starting to represent a considerable portion of the available electrical power generation and, for this reason, the stochastic and intermittent nature of these systems are affecting the operation of centralised generation (CG) resources. Network operators are constantly changing their approach to both short-term and long-term forecasting activities due to the higher complexity of the scenario in which more and more stakeholders have active roles in the network. An increasing number of customers must be treated as prosumers and no longer only as consumers. In this context, storage technologies are considered the suitable solution. These can be necessary in order to solve and fill the problems of the renewable distributed sources are introducing in the management of the network infrastructure. The aim of this work was to create a model in order to evaluate the impact of power generation considering PV systems in Australia along with a model to simulate Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) and Electric Vehicles future contributions using MATLAB. The methodology used to develop these models was based on statistical assumptions concerning the available details about PV systems installed and current storage technologies. It has been shown that in all the scenarios analysed, the future adoption of rooftop PV panels and impact on the CG is incredibly higher than the uptake of energy storage systems. Hence, the influence on the demand will be driven by the behaviour of the PV systems. Only in the hypothetical scenario in which the installations of BESSs will assume comparable levels of the PV systems, it will be possible to better manage the centralised resources.
Communicating with African-American Women Who Have Had a Preterm Birth About Risks for Future Preterm Births
Authors: Bryant Allison S. , Riley Laura E. , Neale Donna , Hill Washington , Jones Theodore B. , Jeffers Noelene K. , Loftman Patricia O. , Clare Camille A. , Gudeman Jennifer
Published: January 2020

Purpose

African-American women are at higher risk of preterm birth (PTB) compared with other racial/ethnic groups in the USA. The primary objective was to evaluate the level of understanding among a group of African-American women concerning risks of PTB in future pregnancies. Secondary objectives were to evaluate how some women obtain information about PTB and to identify ways to raise their awareness.

Methods

Six focus groups were conducted in three locations in the USA during 2016 with women (N = 60) who had experienced ≥ 1 PTB (< 37 weeks of gestation) during the last 5 years. The population was geographically, economically, and educationally diverse.

Results

We observed a tendency to normalize PTB. Knowledge about potential complications for the infant was lacking and birth weight was prioritized over gestational age as an indicator of PTB. Participants were largely unaware of factors associated with increased PTB risk, such as a previous PTB and race/ethnicity. The most trusted information source was the obstetrical care provider, although participants reported relying on mobile apps, websites, and chat rooms. The optimal time to receive information about PTB risk in subsequent pregnancies was identified as the postpartum visit in the provider’s office.

Conclusions

Awareness of the risks of recurrent PTB was limited in this diverse population. Educational programs on the late-stage development of neonates may strengthen knowledge on the relationship between gestational age and PTB and associated health/developmental implications. For educational efforts to be successful, a strong nonjudgmental, positive, solutions-oriented message focused on PTB risk factors is crucial.
Free-standing graphene films embedded in epoxy resin with enhanced thermal properties
Authors: Bustero Izaskun , Gaztelumendi Idoia , Obieta Isabel , Mendizabal María Asun , Zurutuza Amaia , Ortega Amaya , Alonso Beatriz
Published: January 2020

The poor thermal conductivity of polymer composites has long been a deterrent to their increased use in high-end aerospace or defence applications. This study describes a new approach for the incorporation of graphene in an epoxy resin, through the addition of graphene as free-standing film in the polymeric matrix. The electrical and thermal conductivity of composites embedding two different free-standing graphene films was compared to composites with embedded carbon nanotube buckypapers (CNT-BP). Considerably higher thermal conductivity values than those achieved with conventional dispersing methods of graphene or CNTs in epoxy resins were obtained. The characterisation was complemented with a study of the structure at the microscale by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The films are preconditioned in order to incorporate them into the composites, and the complete manufacturing process proposed allows the production and processing of these materials in large batches. The high thermal conductivity obtained for the composites opens the way for their use in demanding thermal management applications, such as electronic enclosures or platforms facing critical temperature loads.
INVARIANCE OF CERTAIN PLURIGENERA FOR SURFACES IN MIXED CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: EGBERT ANDREW , HACON CHRISTOPHER D.
Published: January 2020

We prove the deformation invariance of Kodaira dimension and of certain plurigenera and the existence of canonical models for log surfaces which are smooth over an integral Noetherian scheme $S$.
Effect of polyethylene glycol on in vitro degradability ofnitrogen
and microbial protein synthesis fromtannin-rich browse and herbaceous
legumes
Authors: Ramonet Y. , van Milgen J. , Dourmad J. Y. , Dubois S. , Meunier-Salaün M. C. , Noblet J.
Published: January 2020

A low (L) and high-fibre (H) diet were fed to six multiparous sows
during gestation in a 2 × 2 repeated Latin square design. A single meal per
day was given that provided 37·2 MJ digestible energy/d. The kinetics of
heat production (HP) and its partitioning (fasting HP, activity HP, and
thermic effect of feeding (TEF)) were determined. The TEF was partitioned
between a dynamic component (TEFst) and a constant
component (TEFlt). Digestibility of energy and
nutrients was lower for the diet H. In spite of the lower metabolisable
energy (ME) intake (33·9 v. 35·4 MJ/d for diets H
and L respectively), HP was higher for diet H (30·5
v. 28·9 MJ/d) resulting in a lower energy
retention. The estimated fasting HP was 270 kJ/kg body
weight0·75 per d at day 0 of gestation and
increased with advancement of pregnancy. The TEFlt was
not significantly different from zero for diet L, but represented 4·1 % of
ME intake for diet H. The TEFst was not affected by the
diet but diet H delayed the postprandial peak of HP. Total TEF was higher
for diet H than for diet L (11·7 v. 8·2 % of ME
intake). The longer duration of eating with diet H was compensated for by
less physical activity between meals, so that activity HP was equivalent for
both diets. The activity HP represented 20 % of ME intake but was variable
between sows. The ME requirements for maintenance averaged 440 kJ/kg body
weight0·75per d. Feeding high-fibre diets increases
HP, delays the postprandial peak of HP and maintains the basal HP at a
higher level.
Moderate maternal vitamin A deficiency affects perinatal organ growth and
development in rats
Authors: Antipatis Christos , Grant George , Ashworth Cheryl J.
Published: January 2020

Vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy is associated with detrimental
effects in the offspring. We have developed a rat model to examine specific
effects of maternal vitamin A status on perinatal growth and development. A
total of 54 female rats were fed a vitamin A-free (VAF), -marginal (VAM) or
-sufficient (VAS) diet from weaning until mating (at 7 weeks) and throughout
pregnancy. Half of the rats in each group were injected with a single large
dose of vitamin A on day 10 of pregnancy. Fetal and neonatal samples were
taken on day 20 of pregnancy and the day of birth respectively. Maternal
plasma retinol concentrations on day 20 and at birth were 50 % and 30 %
lower in the VAF and VAM when compared to the VAS group. Fetal weight and
survival did not differ between groups although placental: fetal ratio was
higher in the VAF group than in the VAS group (0·195 (SE 0·005)
V. 0·175 (se 0·004),
P < 0·05). Rats fed the VAF diet gave
birth at 23·5 d, an average of 1 d later than the other groups, and had
lower number of live neonates at birth. Fetal liver, heart and lung weights
relative to total body weight were lower in the VAF group and had altered
growth trajectories. In neonates, only the relative lung weight was reduced.
In addition, an increased protein: DNA ratio indicated hypertrophy in fetal
kidneys. Vitamin A injection had no additional effect on length of gestation
and fetal or neonatal number. However, injection increased relative fetal
organ weights in the VAF group but did not alter the effects of vitamin A
deficiency in the neonate. These data suggest that chronic vitamin A
deficiency during pregnancy compromises liver, heart and kidney and impairs
lung growth and development during the last few days of gestation and
reduces number of live neonates at birth.
Deep learning-based automated speech detection as a marker of social functioning in late-life depression
Authors: Little Bethany , Alshabrawy Ossama , Stow Daniel , Ferrier I. Nicol , McNaney Roisin , Jackson Daniel G. , Ladha Karim , Ladha Cassim , Ploetz Thomas , Bacardit Jaume , Olivier Patrick , Gallagher Peter , O'Brien John T.
Published: January 2020

Background

Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with poor social functioning. However, previous research uses bias-prone self-report scales to measure social functioning and a more objective measure is lacking. We tested a novel wearable device to measure speech that participants encounter as an indicator of social interaction.

Methods

Twenty nine participants with LLD and 29 age-matched controls wore a wrist-worn device continuously for seven days, which recorded their acoustic environment. Acoustic data were automatically analysed using deep learning models that had been developed and validated on an independent speech dataset. Total speech activity and the proportion of speech produced by the device wearer were both detected whilst maintaining participants' privacy. Participants underwent a neuropsychological test battery and clinical and self-report scales to measure severity of depression, general and social functioning.

Results

Compared to controls, participants with LLD showed poorer self-reported social and general functioning. Total speech activity was much lower for participants with LLD than controls, with no overlap between groups. The proportion of speech produced by the participants was smaller for LLD than controls. In LLD, both speech measures correlated with attention and psychomotor speed performance but not with depression severity or self-reported social functioning.

Conclusions

Using this device, LLD was associated with lower levels of speech than controls and speech activity was related to psychomotor retardation. We have demonstrated that speech activity measured by wearable technology differentiated LLD from controls with high precision and, in this study, provided an objective measure of an aspect of real-world social functioning in LLD.