bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of pre-pregnancy low-carbohydrate diet with maternal oral glucose tolerance test levels in gestational diabetes
Authors: Hao Yanhui , Qu Lei , Guo Yuna , Ma Liying , Guo Muhe , Zhu Yiqing , Jin Yan , Gu Qin , Zhang Yue , Sun Wenguang
Published: September 2022

Background

Limited evidence exists on the correlation between the pre-pregnancy low-carbohydrate (LC) diet and maternal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) levels during pregnancy. Our aim was to compare the differences in maternal OGTT levels among women who had been diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy and adopted different dietary patterns in the pre-pregnancy period.

Methods

A case–control study was conducted in 20 women with GDM who adhering to an LC diet (carbohydrate intake < 130 g/d) during pre-conception (LC/GDM,cases). Control subjects, who were matched in a 4:1 ratio, were 80 women with GDM and conventional diet (Con/GDM,control), and 80 women with conventional diet but without GDM (Con/Healthy,control). Women diagnosed with GDM using 75-g OGTT between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. We used unadjusted raw data to compare the dietary composition data and biomarkers of the three study groups.

Results

The average pre-conception BMI in each group suggested a similar body size from the three study groups(19.12 ± 2.00 LC/GDM, 19.65 ± 2.32 Con/GDM, 19.53 ± 2.30 Con/Healthy; P = 0.647). Compared with the Con/GDM group, the OGTT-1 h and OGTT-2 h values in LC/GDM group were significantly higher (10.36 ± 1.28 mmol/L vs. 9.75 ± 0.98 mmol/L; 9.12 ± 0.98 mmol/L vs. 8.29 ± 1.06 mmol/L). Furthermore, the percentage of women who had more than one abnormal OGTT value (OGTT-1 h and OGTT-2 h) was 40% in the LC/GDM group, which was significantly higher than in the Con/GDM group (16.3%).

Conclusions

We observed a relationship between the pre-pregnancy LC diet and more detrimental OGTT values in patients with GDM. This finding warrants further studies to understand the effect of pre-pregnancy LC diet practice on maternal glucose tolerance.
Building a neurocognitive profile of suicidal risk in severe mental disorders
Authors: Comparelli Anna , Corigliano Valentina , Montalbani Benedetta , Nardella Adele , De Carolis Antonella , Stampatore Lorenzo , Bargagna Paride , Forcina Francesca , Lamis Dorian , Pompili Maurizio
Published: September 2022

Background

Research on the influence of neurocognitive factors on suicide risk, regardless of the diagnosis, is inconsistent. Recently, suicide risk studies propose applying a trans-diagnostic framework in line with the launch of the Research Domain Criteria Cognitive Systems model. In the present study, we highlight the extent of cognitive impairment using a standardized battery in a psychiatric sample stratified for different degrees of suicidal risk. We also differentiate in our sample various neurocognitive profiles associated with different levels of risk.

Materials and methods

We divided a sample of 106 subjects into three groups stratified by suicide risk level: Suicide Attempt (SA), Suicidal Ideation (SI), Patient Controls (PC) and Healthy Controls (HC). We conducted a multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) for each cognitive domain measured through the standardized battery MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB).

Results

We found that the group of patients performed worse than the group of healthy controls on most domains; social cognition was impaired in the suicide risk groups compared both to HC and PC. Patients in the SA group performed worse than those in the SI group.

Conclusion

Social cognition impairment may play a crucial role in suicidality among individuals diagnosed with serious mental illness as it is involved in both SI and SA; noteworthy, it is more compromised in the SA group fitting as a marker of risk severity.
The distance between new and previous incisions does not affect skin necrosis in total knee arthroplasty: a parallel-randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yeganeh Ali , Moghtadaei Mehdi , Ghaznavi Alireza , Tavakoli Nader , Soleimani Mohammad , Cheraghiloohesara Sahand , Taheri Nima
Published: September 2022

Background

To avoid skin necrosis, an 8 cm distance between the new and previous incision is recommended in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It was hypothesized that making a new incision less than 8 cm of the prior scar does not increase the risk of skin complications, and the new incision can be made anywhere, regardless of the distance from the previous scar. This study investigated how making a new incision, irrespective of the previous scars, affects skin necrosis.

Methods

In this parallel, randomized clinical trial, by simple randomization method using a random number table, 50 patients with single longitudinal knee scars were randomly assigned to two groups with a 1:1 ratio and 25 participants in each group. Patients with a minimum age of 60 and a single longitudinal previous scar on the knee were included. The exclusion criteria were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, morbid obesity, smoking, vascular disorders, cardiopulmonary disorders, immune deficiencies, dementia, and taking steroids and angiogenesis inhibitors. TKA was performed through an anterior midline incision, regardless of the location of the previous scar in the intervention group. TKA was performed with a new incision at least 8 cm distant from the old incision in the control group. Skin necrosis and scar-related complications were evaluated on the first and second days and first, second, and fourth weeks after the surgery. Knee function was assessed using the Knee Society Score (KSS) six months after the surgery.

Results

The baseline characteristics of the groups did not differ significantly. The average distance from the previous scar was 4.1 ± 3.2 cm in the intervention group and 10.2 ± 2.1 cm in the control group. Only one patient in the control group developed skin necrosis (P-value = 0.31). Other wound-related complications were not observed in both groups. The mean KSS was 83.2 ± 10.2 and 82.9 ± 11.1 in the intervention and control groups, respectively (P-value = 0.33).

Conclusions

It is possible that in TKA patients, the new incision near a previous scar does not increase the risk of skin necrosis and other complications.
Midwife-centred management: a qualitative study of midwifery group practice management and leadership in Australia
Authors: Hewitt Leonie , Dadich Ann , Hartz Donna L. , Dahlen Hannah G.
Published: September 2022

Background

Midwifery group practice (MGP) has consistently demonstrated optimal health and wellbeing outcomes for childbearing women and their babies. In this model, women can form a relationship with a known midwife, improving both maternal and midwife satisfaction. Yet the model is not widely implemented and sustained, resulting in limited opportunities for women to access it. Little attention has been paid to how MGP is managed and led and how this impacts the sustainability of the model. This study clarifies what constitutes optimal management and leadership and how this influences sustainability.

Methods

This qualitative study forms part of a larger mixed methods study investigating the management of MGP in Australia. The interview findings presented in this study are part of phase one, where the findings informed a national survey. Nine interviews and one focus group were conducted with 23 MGP managers, clinical midwife consultants, and operational/strategic managers who led MGPs. Transcripts of the audio-recordings were analysed using inductive, reflexive, thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes were constructed, namely:The manager, the person, describing the ideal personal attributes of the MGP manager;midwifing the midwives, illustrating how the MGP manager supports, manages, and leads the group practice midwives; andgaining acceptance, explaining how the MGP manager can gain acceptance beyond group practice midwives. Participants described the need for MGP managers to display midwife-centred management. This requires the manager to have qualities that mirror what is generally accepted as requirements for good midwifery care namely: core beliefs in feminist values and woman-centred care; trust; inclusiveness; being an advocate; an ability to slow down or take time; an ability to form relationships; and exceptional communication skills. Since emotional labour is a large part of the role, it is also necessary for them to encourage and practice self-care.

Conclusions

Managers need to practice in a way that is midwife-centred and mimics good midwifery care. To offset the emotional burden and improve sustainability, encouraging and promoting self-care practices might be of value.
The influence of mode of anaesthesia on perioperative outcomes in people with hip fracture: a prospective cohort study from the National Hip Fracture Database for England, Wales and Northern Ireland
Authors: Matharu Gulraj S. , Shah Anjali , Hawley Samuel , Johansen Antony , Inman Dominic , Moppett Iain , Whitehouse Michael R. , Judge Andrew
Published: September 2022

Background

Delirium is common after hip fracture surgery, affecting up to 50% of patients. The incidence of delirium may be influenced by mode and conduct of anaesthesia. We examined the effect of spinal anaesthesia (with and without sedation) compared with general anaesthesia on early outcomes following hip fracture surgery, including delirium.

Methods

We used prospective data on 107,028 patients (2018 to 2019) from the National Hip Fracture Database, which records all hip fractures in patients aged 60 years and over in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Patients were grouped by anaesthesia: general (58,727; 55%), spinal without sedation (31,484; 29%), and spinal with sedation (16,817; 16%). Outcomes (4AT score on post-operative delirium screening; mobilisation day one post-operatively; length of hospital stay; discharge destination; 30-day mortality) were compared between anaesthetic groups using multivariable logistic and linear regression models.

Results

Compared with general anaesthesia, spinal anaesthesia without sedation (but not spinal with sedation) was associated with a significantly reduced risk of delirium (odds ratio (OR)=0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.92–0.98), increased likelihood of day one mobilisation (OR=1.06, CI=1.02–1.10) and return to original residence (OR=1.04, CI=1.00–1.07). Spinal without sedation (p<0.001) and spinal with sedation (p=0.001) were both associated with shorter hospital stays compared with general anaesthesia. No differences in mortality were observed between anaesthetic groups.

Conclusions

Spinal and general anaesthesia achieve similar outcomes for patients with hip fracture. However, this equivalence appears to reflect improved perioperative outcomes (including a reduced risk of delirium, increased likelihood of mobilisation day one post-operatively, shorter length of hospital stay and improved likelihood of returning to previous residence on discharge) among the sub-set of patients who received spinal anaesthesia without sedation. The role and effect of sedation should be studied in future trials of hip fracture patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia.
Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels—a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals
Authors: Telle-Hansen Vibeke H. , Gaundal Line , Bastani Nasser , Rud Ida , Byfuglien Marte G. , Gjøvaag Terje , Retterstøl Kjetil , Holven Kirsten B. , Ulven Stine M. , Myhrstad Mari C. W.
Published: September 2022

Background

Improving dietary fat quality strongly affects serum cholesterol levels and hence the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have identified dietary fat as a potential modulator of the gut microbiota, a central regulator of host metabolism including lipid metabolism. We have previously shown a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels after replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary fat quality on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids in healthy individuals. In addition, to investigate how changes in gut microbiota correlate with blood lipids, bile acids, and fatty acids.

Methods

Seventeen participants completed a randomized, controlled dietary crossover study. The participants received products with SFAs (control) or PUFAs in random order for three days. Fecal samples for gut microbiota analyses and fasting blood samples (lipids, fatty acids, and bile acids) were measured before and after the three-day intervention.

Results

Of a panel of 40 bacteria, Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. were significantly increased after intervention with PUFAs compared with SFAs. Interestingly, changes in Lachnospiraceae, as well as Phascolarlactobacterium sp. and Eubacterium hallii, was also found to be negatively correlated with changes in total cholesterol levels after replacing the intake of SFAs with PUFAs for three days. No significant differences in SCFAs or bile acids were found after the intervention.

Conclusion

Replacing SFAs with PUFAs increased the abundance of the gut microbiota family of Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. Furthermore, the reduction in total cholesterol after improving dietary fat quality correlated with changes in the gut microbiota family Lachnospiraceae. Future studies are needed to reveal whether Lachnospiraceae may be targeted to reduce total cholesterol levels.

Trial registration

The study was registered at Clinical Trials (https://clinicaltrials.gov/, registration identification number: NCT03658681).
Critical care hepatology: definitions, incidence, prognosis and role of liver failure in critically ill patients
Authors: Perez Ruiz de Garibay Aritz , Kortgen Andreas , Leonhardt Julia , Zipprich Alexander , Bauer Michael
Published: September 2022

Organ dysfunction or overt failure is a commonplace event in the critically ill affecting up to 70% of patients during their stay in the ICU. The outcome depends on the resolution of impaired organ function, while a domino-like deterioration of organs other than the primarily affected ones paves the way for increased mortality. “Acute Liver Failure” was defined in the 1970s as a rare and potentially reversible severe liver injury in the absence of prior liver disease with hepatic encephalopathy occurring within 8 weeks. Dysfunction of the liver in general reflects a critical event in “Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome” due to immunologic, regulatory and metabolic functions of liver parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells. Dysregulation of the inflammatory response, persistent microcirculatory (hypoxic) impairment or drug-induced liver injury are leading problems that result in “secondary liver failure,” i.e., acquired liver injury without underlying liver disease or deterioration of preexisting (chronic) liver disease (“Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure”). Conventional laboratory markers, such as transaminases or bilirubin, are limited to provide insight into the complex facets of metabolic and immunologic liver dysfunction. Furthermore, inhomogeneous definitions of these entities lead to widely ranging estimates of incidence. In the present work, we review the different definitions to improve the understanding of liver dysfunction as a perpetrator (and therapeutic target) of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in critical care.

Graphic Abstract
Two Chinese siblings of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 14 caused by compound heterozygous variants in FARS2
Authors: Li Liangshan , Ma Jianhua , Wang Jingli , Dong Liping , Liu Shiguo
Published: September 2022

Background

As a rare mitochondrial disease, combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 14 (COXPD14) is caused by biallelic variants in the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial gene (FARS2) with clinical features of developmental delay, an elevated lactate level, early-onset encephalopathy, liver failure, and hypotonia. The objectives of this study were to analyze the clinical and molecular features of two Chinese siblings affected with COXPD14, and to review relevant literature.

Methods

Mutation screening was performed by whole exome sequencing (WES) in combination with Sanger sequencing validation to identify the disease-causing variants of the two patients.

Results

The two siblings presented with severe clinical features and both progressed aggressively and failed to survive after treatment abandonment. We identified two compound heterozygous FARS2 variants c.925G>A p.Gly309Ser and c.943G>C p.Gly315Arg in this proband, which were inherited from the unaffected father and mother, respectively. In addition, Sanger sequencing confirmed that the elder affected sister carried the same compound heterozygous variants. The c.925G>A p.Gly309Ser variant is known and commonly reported in COXPD14 patients, while c.943G>C p.Gly315Arg is a novel one. Neither of the variants was found in 100 Chinese healthy controls. Both variants were classified as “deleterious” and were located in the highly conserved regions of the protein. The above results suggested that the two variants were likely causative in this COXPD14-affected pedigree.

Conclusions

Our study expands the mutation spectrum of FARS2 and highlights the importance of genetic testing in the diagnosis of diseases with a wide variety of phenotypes, especially in the differential diagnosis of diseases.
A Review on Sustainable Fabrication of Futuristic Cementitious Binders Based on Application of Waste Concrete Powder, Steel Slags, and Coal Bottom Ash
Authors: Vashistha Prabhat , Park Sungwoo , Pyo Sukhoon
Published: September 2022

The amendment of cementitious binders with waste materials aids as a path to reduce the volume of waste and carbon emission. This review summarizes the current state of practice for cementitious binder fabrication in favor to the utilization of waste materials such as waste concrete powder (WCP), coal bottom ash (CBA) and steel slags. These materials have the potential to be employed as cementitious material, however much of the application is still up to the laboratory scale. This manuscript will serve as the support to understand the utilization of mentioned waste as nontraditional cementitious products. The highlighted areas likely need more refinement and research with indication on possible negative impact on application of wastes. The use of the aforementioned wastes for blending with OPC (ordinary Portland cement) can reduce carbon emissions from cement manufacturing. Additionally, it can also reduce the use of natural resources during clinker production.
Authorship and topic trends in STEM education research
Authors: Li Yeping , Xiao Yu
Published: September 2022

In this study, we reviewed publications in the International Journal of STEM Education from 2014 to 2021 to gain a glimpse of STEM education research trends in terms of authorship and topics. We analyzed publication quantities and types, authors’ profession, research topics and school levels, and the top 10 most-cited publications over the years. The results provide some encouraging indications of the expanded engagement and dynamic development in publication authorship and topics in STEM education research worldwide.
Does supplier concentration matter to investors during the COVID-19 crisis: evidence from China?
Authors: Cheng Louis T. W. , Poon Jack S. C. , Tang Shaolong , Wang Jacqueline Wenjie
Published: September 2022

The literature shows that investor attention to customer–supplier disclosure increases when suppliers’ information arrival is anticipated. Due to the widespread of city lockdowns in China and the implementation of social distancing to control the COVID-19 pandemic, investor attention to potential disruption of the supply chain spikes, leading to a price devaluation for firms with high supplier concentration risk. We find that a higher degree of supplier concentration is related to more serious stock price declines over the short-term and medium-term windows right after the Wuhan lockdown. This result lends support to the argument that the concentration risk of suppliers is a significant consideration for China stock market investors, especially under the potential financial distress at the firm level induced by the COVID-19 crisis.
Targeting the MALAT1 gene with the CRISPR/Cas9 technique in prostate cancer
Authors: Ahmadi-Balootaki Soraya , Doosti Abbas , Jafarinia Mojtaba , Goodarzi Hamed Reza
Published: September 2022

Background

The MALAT1 lncRNA acts as an oncogene in Prostate cancer (PC); thus, it can be severe as a cancer biomarker.

Methods

Using bioinformatics datasets including (HTSeq-Counts, GDC, and TCGA) 5501 gene expression profiling specimens were gathered. Then, expression profiles and sample survival of lncRNA were investigated using COX regression analyses, ROC curve analysis. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery was used to conduct GO and KEGG studies on the lncRNA-related PCGs. After MALAT1 Knockout via CRISPR/Cas9 technique, the MALAT1 expression was assessed in DU-145 cells. The deletion of the target fragment was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also, the expression of apoptosis genes was investigated by qRT-PCR. The viability and cell proliferation were measured using the MTT assay. Cell migration capability was determined using the cell scratch assay. The results of qRT-PCR were assessed by the ΔΔCt method, and finally, statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software.

Results

A maximum of 451 lncRNAs were discovered to reflect different expressions between PC and non-carcinoma tissue samples, with 307 being upregulated and 144 being down-regulated. Thirty-six lncRNAs related to OS were carefully selected, which were then subjected to stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis, with 2 lncRNAs (MALAT1, HOXB-AS3). MALAT1 is highly expressed in PC cells. MALAT1 Knockout in DU-145 cells increases apoptosis and prevents proliferation and migration, and DU-145 transfected cells were unable to migrate based on the scratch recovery test. Overall, data suggest that MALAT1 overexpression in PC helps metastasis and tumorigenesis. Also, MALAT1 knockout can be considered a therapeutic and diagnostic target in PC.

Conclusion

Targeting MALAT1 by CRISPR/Cas9 technique inhibit the cell proliferation and migration, and in addition induce apoptosis. Thus, MALAT1 can act as a tumor biomarker and therapeutic target.
Multi-GNSS products and services at iGMAS Wuhan Innovation Application Center: strategy and evaluation
Authors: Li Xingxing , Wang Qingyun , Wu Jiaqi , Yuan Yongqiang , Xiong Yun , Gong Xuewen , Wu Zhilu
Published: September 2022

Over the past years the International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) Wuhan Innovation Application Center (IAC) dedicated to exploring the potential of multi-GNSS signals and providing a set of products and services. This contribution summarizes the strategies, achievements, and innovations of multi-GNSS orbit/clock/bias determination in iGMAS Wuhan IAC. Both the precise products and Real-Time Services (RTS) are evaluated and discussed. The precise orbit and clock products have comparable accuracy with the precise products of the International GNSS Service (IGS) and iGMAS. The multi-frequency code and phase bias products for Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), Galileo navigation satellite system (Galileo), and GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS) are provided to support multi-GNSS and multi-frequency Precise Point Positioning (PPP) Ambiguity Resolution (AR). Compared with dual-frequency PPP AR, the time to first fix of triple-frequency solution is improved by 30%. For RTS, the proposed orbit prediction strategy improves the three dimensional accuracy of predicted orbit by 1 cm. The multi-thread strategy and high-performance matrix library are employed to accelerate the real-time orbit and clock determination. The results with respect to the IGS precise products show the high accuracy of RTS orbits and clocks, 4–9 cm and 0.1–0.2 ns, respectively. Using real-time satellite corrections, real-time PPP solutions achieve satisfactory performance with horizontal and vertical positioning errors within 2 and 4 cm, respectively, and convergence time of 16.97 min.
Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: ASCO Resource–Stratified Guideline Update
Authors: Shastri Surendra S. , Temin Sarah , Almonte Maribel , Basu Partha , Campos Nicole G. , Gravitt Patty E. , Gupta Vandana , Lombe Dorothy C. , Murillo Rául , Nakisige Carolyn , Ogilvie Gina , Pinder Leeya F. , Poli Usha R. , Qiao Youlin , Woo Yin Ling , Jeronimo Jose
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE

To update resource-stratified, evidence-based recommendations on secondary prevention of cervical cancer globally.

METHODS

American Society of Clinical Oncology convened a multidisciplinary, multinational Expert Panel to produce recommendations reflecting four resource-tiered settings. A review of existing guidelines, formal consensus-based process, and modified ADAPTE process to adapt existing guidelines was conducted. Other experts participated in formal consensus.

RESULTS

This guideline update reflects changes in evidence since the previous update. Five existing guidelines were identified and reviewed, and adapted recommendations form the evidence base. Cost-effectiveness analyses provided indirect evidence to inform consensus, which resulted in ≥ 75% agreement.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing is recommended in all resource settings; visual inspection with acetic acid may be used in basic settings. Recommended age ranges and frequencies vary by the following setting: maximal: age 25-65 years, every 5 years; enhanced: age 30-65 years, if two consecutive negative tests at 5-year intervals, then every 10 years; limited: age 30-49 years, every 10 years; basic: age 30-49 years, one to three times per lifetime. For basic settings, visual assessment is used to determine treatment eligibility; in other settings, genotyping with cytology or cytology alone is used to determine treatment. For basic settings, treatment is recommended if abnormal triage results are obtained; in other settings, abnormal triage results followed by colposcopy is recommended. For basic settings, treatment options are thermal ablation or loop electrosurgical excision procedure; for other settings, loop electrosurgical excision procedure or ablation is recommended; with a 12-month follow-up in all settings. Women who are HIV-positive should be screened with HPV testing after diagnosis, twice as many times per lifetime as the general population. Screening is recommended at 6 weeks postpartum in basic settings; in other settings, screening is recommended at 6 months. In basic settings without mass screening, infrastructure for HPV testing, diagnosis, and treatment should be developed. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/resource-stratified-guidelines .
Symbiosis induces unique volatile profiles in the model cnidarian Aiptasia
Authors: Wuerz Maggie , Lawson Caitlin A. , Ueland Maiken , Oakley Clinton A. , Grossman Arthur R. , Weis Virginia M. , Suggett David J. , Davy Simon K.
Published: September 2022

The establishment and maintenance of the symbiosis between a cnidarian host and its dinoflagellate symbionts is central to the success of coral reefs. To explore the metabolite production underlying this symbiosis, we focused on a group of low molecular weight secondary metabolites, biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). BVOCs are released from an organism or environment, and can be collected in the gas phase, allowing non-invasive analysis of an organism's metabolism (i.e. ‘volatilomics’). We characterised volatile profiles of the sea anemone Aiptasia (Exaiptasia diaphana), a model system for cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis, using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We compared volatile profiles between: (1) symbiotic anemones containing their native symbiont, Breviolum minutum; (2) aposymbiotic anemones; and (3) cultured isolates of B. minutum. Overall, 152 BVOCs were detected, and classified into 14 groups based on their chemical structure, the most numerous groups being alkanes and aromatic compounds. A total of 53 BVOCs were differentially abundant between aposymbiotic anemones and B. minutum cultures; 13 between aposymbiotic and symbiotic anemones; and 60 between symbiotic anemones and cultures of B. minutum. More BVOCs were differentially abundant between cultured and symbiotic dinoflagellates than between aposymbiotic and symbiotic anemones, suggesting that symbiosis may modify symbiont physiology more than host physiology. This is the first volatilome analysis of the Aiptasia model system and provides a foundation from which to explore how BVOC production is perturbed under environmental stress, and ultimately the role they play in this important symbiosis.
Effects of 12 Wk of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Long-Distance Runners
Authors: TOMCZYK MAJA , JOST ZBIGNIEW , CHROBOCZEK MACIEJ , URBAŃSKI ROBERT , CALDER PHILIP C. , FISK HELENA L. , SPRENGEL MATEUSZ , ANTOSIEWICZ JĘDRZEJ
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 wk of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during endurance training on omega-3 index (O3I) and indicators of running performance in amateur long-distance runners.

Methods

Twenty-six amateur male long-distance runners ≥29 yr old supplemented omega-3 fatty acid capsules (OMEGA group, n = 14; 2234 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 916 mg of docosahexaenoic acid daily) or medium-chain triglycerides capsules as placebo (medium-chain triglyceride [MCT] group, n = 12; 4000 mg of MCT daily) during 12 wk of endurance training. Before and after intervention, blood samples were collected for O3I assessment, and an incremental test to exhaustion and a 1500-m run trial were performed.

Results

O3I was significantly increased in the OMEGA group (from 5.8% to 11.6%, P < 0.0001). A significant increase in V̇O2peak was observed in the OMEGA group (from 53.6 ± 4.4 to 56.0 ± 3.7 mL·kg−1⋅min−1, P = 0.0219) without such change in MCT group (from 54.7 ± 6.8 to 56.4 ± 5.9 mL·kg−1⋅min−1, P = 0.1308). A positive correlation between the change in O3I and the change in running economy was observed when data of participants from both groups were combined (−0.1808 ± 1.917, P = 0.0020), without such an effect in OMEGA group alone (P = 0.1741). No effect of omega-3 supplementation on 1500-m run results was observed.

Conclusions

Twelve weeks of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation at a dose of 2234 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 916 mg of docosahexaenoic acid daily during endurance training resulted in the improvement of O3I and running economy and increased V̇O2peak without improvement in the 1500-m run trial time in amateur runners.
ESTADO DE COISAS INCONSTITUCIONAL NO SISTEMA CARCERÁRIO: CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NO ENFRENTAMENTO DA COVID-19
Authors: Cabrera Michelle Gironda , Felício Edna Torres , Muraro Mariel
Published: September 2022

Contextualização: O artigo se debruça sobre as graves questões de ordem político-jurídica do sistema carcerário, agravadas pelo momento de pandemia.Objetivo: O artigo testa a hipótese da constitucionalidade da implementação de políticas públicas pela Corte Constitucional para o enfrentamento da Covid-19 no sistema carcerário brasileiro, amparado pela teoria do estado de coisas inconstitucional desenvolvida pela Corte colombiana.Método: Priorizou-se o paradigma indiciário como metodologia de pesquisa, com a análise de decisões paradigmáticas do Supremo Tribunal Federal (ADPF 347 e ADPF 684), que acolhem, pela primeira vez no Brasil, a teoria do estado de coisas inconstitucional, analisadas sob balizas teóricas necessárias à apreensão de conceitos inerentes ao tema.Resultados: Como resultados obtidos, a pesquisa trouxe que a declaração pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal do estado de coisas inconstitucional no sistema prisional brasileiro inova ao abrir possibilidades de que a Corte chame para si a atuação na formulação, na implementação e no controle de políticas públicas em cooperação com os demais Poderes (e eventualmente com atores privados), com o intuito de promover a democracia material. Apesar dos cuidados que devem ser tomados a fim de garantir a higidez da separação de Poderes (elemento essencial de um Estado democrático), uma análise pautada no princípio da unidade da Constituição (que deve ser interpretada como um sistema de normas que se interrelacionam) avaliza a legitimidade da aplicação da teoria do estado de coisas inconstitucional nos casos nos quais não se está conseguindo lograr a efetivação de direitos fundamentais, como é o caso do sistema carcerário.Conclusões: Ao final, o trabalho comprova a constitucionalidade e a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas de proteção de direitos dos vulnerabilizados no sistema penal, em especial, no contexto de pandemia, além disso, comprova que a atuação da Corte Constitucional nessa missão não corrompe a Separação de Poderes, se cumpridos os requisitos da teoria do estado de coisas inconstitucional.
DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC EYE DETECTION MODULE FOR USE IN AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF TELEMEDICAL CONSULTATIONS
Authors: Burdukowsky Stanislav O.
Published: September 2022

This work is devoted to development of automatic eye detection module. This is a part of a scientific study devoted to development of automatic strabismus detection information system, which will be applied in automated system of telemedical consultations. Telemedicine has great potential to reduce the growing demand for the diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases and is an effective method for timely detection of strabismus. The following tasks were solved to achieve the goal: training of eye detection model, development of an application programming interface for interacting with detection model, development of web interfaces for patient and administrator. The trained model can be used in various information systems that require eye detection functionality. Also, results can be applied to various studies that use the TensorFlow platform to detect single class objects. Presented architecture of interaction between detection model, application programming interface and web interfaces can be used in design and development of complex systems that include user interfaces and server-side computing.

Purpose. Development of automatic module for eye detection in human face photo aimed at use in automated system of telemedical consultations.

Methodology: programming and machine learning methods were used in the article.

Results: automatic eye detection module for use in automated system of telemedical consultations was developed.

Practical implications it is expedient to apply the received results for organization of automated telemedicine services and implementation in the developed information systems using telemedicine technologies.
Statistical analysis of rainfall trend and its variability (1901–2020) in Kolkata, India
Authors: MD JUBER ALAM  , MAJUMDER ARIJIT
Published: September 2022

The current study focuses on the altering historical rainfall data analysis and its variability in Kolkata (Kolkata Municipal Corporation), a metropolitan city in India. The research area experiences detrimental urban floods (pluvial floods) at near-annual regularity during the monsoon, and during the pre-monsoon seasons it commonly experiences water shortage problems. Analysing trends and temporal variability of rainfall over 120 years from 1901 to 2020 is the main objective of this study. The original Mann–Kendall (M–K) test has been applied to the rainfall dataset in conjunction with Sen’s Slope Estimator using Python 3.10, after the Durbin-Watson (DW) statistic initially suggested that there is no serial correlation effect. The M–K test, with a Kendall’s tau of 0.17058 (significant at a 5% level), shows an upward trend in annual rainfall between 1901 and 2020. The Sen’s slope, which measures the rate of change annually, has a value of 2.48152. Regression analysis and other dispersion measures are also used in this study to investigate the monthly rainfall trend and its variability. The phase-wise (30-year) analysis of annual rainfall variability reveals a considerable variation over 120 years. While fitting the linear regression line month by month over the entire period, mostly negative trends were found in the pre-monsoon and positive trends in the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The findings of this analysis could be useful to urban planners for water supply and management in the study area. The primary concern of planners for effectively managing rainwater and the accompanying issues should be the growing variability of annual precipitation.
Clemson University’s Rotational Attendance Plan During COVID-19
Authors: Gore Amy B. , Kurz Mary E. , Saltzman Matthew J. , Splitter Blake , Bridges William C. , Calkin Neil J.
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic forced universities to upend their class scheduling. At Clemson University, the administration implemented hybrid schedules for fall 2020, in which students attend classes partly online and partly in person. To limit exposures of COVID-19 in the classroom, we propose two rotational attendance models (the three-cohort model and the once-a-week model) that aim to allow in-person classroom time and minimize exposure between students. In a baseline strategy, students would interact with an average of 84 students per week and attend class in person 2.6 days a week. By contrast, the three-cohort model and once-a-week model achieve about 57 and 83 student interactions per week and 1.6 and 1.9 in-person student attendance days a week, respectively. Although these figures of merit may imply that the three-cohort model is preferable, it achieves its results by forcing about 1,600 of the 21,000 students who want to attend courses in person to participate online instead and forcing courses that meet twice a week to be attended twice in a three-week rotation. Considering the tradeoffs between the figures of merit related to student interaction and anticipated implementation challenges, Clemson University implemented the once-a-week model for fall 2020 and spring 2021.

History: This paper was refereed. This article has been selected for inclusion in the Special Issue on Analytics Remedies to COVID-19.
The language of Brazilian Modernism: a comparative perspective
Authors: Jobim José Luís
Published: September 2022

The Brazilian Modernists did not constitute a unified movement at the beginning of the 20th century, nor did they have a consolidated agenda of themes to be dealt with or widely shared techniques to deal with them or even a unified vision about language. Throughout the first decades of that century, the Modernists formed different groups (some of which defined themselves through manifestos) and sought, in different ways, to contrast what they were doing with what previous literary generations had done, sometimes rejecting and at other times acknowledging their relationship with the previous literary tradition. As far as the issue of language is concerned, it is not usual to bring a comparatist dimension to discussions of language in Brazilian Modernism, maybe because we should always bear in mind that looking comparatively at literary periods brings with it a series of problems. But our goal here is exactly to discuss the language of Brazilian Modernism in a comparative perspective.
EVASÃO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: DIGRESSÕES MOTIVADAS A PARTIR DA PANDEMIA DO NOVO CORONAVÍRUS
Authors: Wegner Rubia Cristina
Published: September 2022

Neste artigo, são sistematizados conceitos e medidas de cálculo da evasão no ensino superior, considerando os efeitos da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Sua construção ocorre no âmbito das percepções, observações e vivências da autora enquanto coordenadora de curso de graduação e do projeto de pesquisa “Levantamento de indicadores de qualidade da graduação na UFRRJ – um estudo de cursos selecionados”. Dessa forma, este artigo reúne boa parte dos conceitos para evasão e de indicadores utilizados no cálculo da evasão e da retenção. A motivação deste artigo, além de representar um primeiro esforço de sistematização dos principais aspectos deste fenômeno, é a evasão estar sendo utilizada como um parâmetro da qualidade do ensino superior, sob determinações legais de órgãos de controle, para orientar na tomada de decisões na esfera nacional. Porém, como demonstramos, não pode ser adotada como um índice isolado, isto é, diferentes fatores de diferentes ordens influenciam e explicam a evasão. E esses fatores precisam ser explorados no conceito a ser empregado que potencialmente poderá determinar, de um modo mais robusto, as formas de medir a evasão. Assim, pode-se subsidiar políticas educacionais no âmbito das instituições de ensino mais afeitas a suas realidades e menos mecanicistas ou genéricas. Este artigo é um primeiro esforço nesse sentido.
E SE NÃO TIVÉSSEMOS PROIBIDO O USO DE CELULARES? TENSÃO ENTRE SOCIEDADE E ESCOLA NA PRÉ-PANDEMIA
Authors: Da Silva Ivanilso Santos
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho tem como ponto de partida a tensão entre escola e sociedade em relação à integração e uso de Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC). Propomos uma reflexão de caráter ensaístico e provocativo, com base nas legislações estaduais materializadas nas medidas de proibição e/ou autorização do uso de celulares nas escolas brasileiras. Tais legislações são compreendidas enquanto precedentes contemporâneos da institucionalização da tensão escola-sociedade em relação ao papel e uso das tecnologias no contexto escolar. A construção argumentativa do presente ensaio contextualiza-se, de um lado, pelas referidas legislações proibicionistas e pelas condições de acesso às tecnologias na escola, e, por outro lado, por dados demográficos sobre uso e presença do celular na sociedade brasileira. Apontamos que o contexto pré-pandêmico, exemplificado nas leis proibicionistas, nos ajuda a entender os desafios enfrentados por professores, estudantes e famílias no uso das tecnologias de comunicação na mediação pedagógica durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Consideramos, então, que o esforço de proibição, ao ampliar a fissura na relação escola-sociedade, acaba por contribuir, ao menos discursivamente, na criação de um cenário onde a falta de investimento em infraestrutura escolar e conectividade emerge como uma problemática carente de atenção no contexto pré-pandêmico.
Currículo do curso de música e a formação do músico popular: um estado de conhecimento
Authors: De Lima Leticia Dias , Silva Fabiany De Cássia Tavares
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho apresenta um exercício de estado do conhecimento realizado para a pesquisa de doutoramento em Educação, que versa sobre a formação do músico popular em diálogo com questões curriculares do ensino superior de Música. Este mapeamento serve a um processo de investigação mais amplo e se configura como uma etapa de análise e discussão dos materiais selecionados. O levantamento de relatórios de teses e dissertações foi realizado a partir da consulta à Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). Apresentamos os materiais selecionados operando a partir de dois eixos de análise, a saber, 1) currículo de música e 2) formação do músico. Dentre outras reflexões, os resultados demonstram a escassez de pesquisas a respeito destes assuntos, e também as fortes tendências conservatoriais que predominam no ensino superior de Música – tanto em sua estrutura curricular quanto em práticas pedagógicas empreendidas no espaço da universidade.
Currículos pensadospraticados na educação profissional do IFRN, Campus Apodi
Authors: Dos Santos Leonardo Dantas , Da Silva Francisco Canindé
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo tem como temática currículos pensadospraticados nos cotidianos da educação profissional do IFRN, Campus Apodi, cujo objetivo é entender como se criam processos e práticas curriculares emancipatórias. A abordagem dos estudos nosdoscom os cotidianos, especificamente o movimento de sentir o mundo, com todos os sentidos, nos ajudou a desinvisibilizar e potencializar práticas emergentes no referido IF. Os percebidos-destacados se materializaram na escrita do Diário de Campo, que nos possibilitou sentir a multiplicidade dos cotidianos. Reconhecemos, diferentes espaçostempos de produção de conhecimento, tecidos na rede de saberesfazeres dos estudantes e professores, destacando a capacidade de resistência criativa para além das formas hegemônicas de conhecimento.
Editorial
Authors: Paiva Jane , Leonardi Paula
Published: September 2022

n/a
From Two Continents, Bound for Two Coasts, 1820–1882
Authors: Bon Tempo Carl J. , Diner Hasia R.
Published: September 2022

The opening of the Erie Canal and the take off of the transportation revolution stoked America’s physical and economic development. Both happened because of immigration which provided the human energy to make the development possible. Changes in the organization of trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific shipping facilitated immigration from regions of Europe and China.
The Age of Reform
Authors: Bon Tempo Carl J. , Diner Hasia R.
Published: September 2022

From 1964 to 1980, immigration and refugee law and policy underwent a series of reforms. In 1964, the U.S. decided not to renew the bracero program. One year later, Congress totally revised the immigration system, ending the national origins quota system. In the 1970s, the U.S. began large admissions of Indochinese refugees, followed in 1980 by the 1980 Refugee Act, which regularized annual refugee admissions. All of these reforms, in time, would have unforeseen outcomes.
The Georgians
Authors: Corfield Penelope J.
Published: September 2022

The Georgian era is often seen as a time of innovations. It saw the end of monarchical absolutism, global exploration and settlements overseas, the world's first industrial revolution, deep transformations in religious and cultural life, and Britain's role in the international trade in enslaved Africans. But how were these changes perceived by people at the time? And how do their viewpoints compare with attitudes today? This wide-ranging history explores every aspect of Georgian life—politics and empire, culture and society, love and violence, religion and science, industry and towns. People's responses at the time were often divided. Pessimists saw loss and decline, while optimists saw improvements and light. Out of such tensions came the Georgian culture of both experiment and resistance. The book emphasizes those elements of deep continuity that persisted even within major changes, and shows how new developments were challenged if their human consequences proved dire.
Reuse of expired dairy products and sewage in the production of biogas by anaerobic digestion
Authors: Marin Danieli Fernanda Canaver , Mendoza Lívia Mendes , Carvalho Júnior Romário Pereira de , Maintinguer Sandra Imaculada
Published: September 2022

Dairy industry is a prominent sector of the agro-industry with global production of 906 million tonnes of milk. Several dairy products are wasted due their high perishability. Anaerobic digestion is a sustainable alternative for reducing this waste aiming biogas production. This study evaluated the co-digestion of expired dairy products (EDP) with synthetic sewage from two assays using two types of dairy waste, separately: Assay I (EDP mixture of 80% of milk + 15% of yogurt + 5% of milk cream) and Assay II (industrial raw mixture of EDP). Both assays were composed of 20 g COD L-1 (Chemical Oxygen Demand per Liter) using anaerobic batch reactors (1.0 L) assembled in duplicates with 0.5 L headspace (N2) and working volume of 0.5 L with initial pH 8.2, at 37 °C, in a static mode. The cumulative CH4 productions were 2722.5 NmL in 31 days of operation (Assay I) and 3140.0 NmL in 25 days of operation (Assay II). Equivalent CH4 yields were obtained for the both assays with ~330 NmLCH4 g CODrem-1. Carbohydrates and COD removals were 96.8% and 98.0%; 87.3% and 89.4%, respectively. The co-digestion of EDP with sewage was effective to CH4 production with efficient organic matter removal. These results encourage new strategies for reuse of expired dairy products by the use of anaerobic digestion.