bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refined bounds on Shannon's function for complexity of circuits of some classes
Authors: Lozhkin Sergey Andreevich
Published: December 2023

Earlier the author proposed rather general approaches and methods for obtaining high accuracy and close to high accuracy asymptotic bounds on Shannon's function for complexity in various classes of circuits. Most of the results obtained with their aid were published in a number of papers, except perhaps for the close to the high accuracy asymptotic bounds on Shannon's function for the complexity of circuits without restrictions on their structure. This paper fills this gap and presents a modified and simplified version of the above-mentioned method -- the synthesis method of circuits in arbitrary basis, that nevertheless allows to obtain the bounds with the required level of accuracy at the account of "effective" usage of the outputs branching of gates with minimal reduced "weight".
ANALYSIS OF MODEL RESULTS OF LABORATORY TESTS OF NEW ACID COMPONENTS FOR CARBONATE COLLECTOR
Authors: Aheicheva Oleksandra
Published: December 2023

Results of laboratory tests of new acid components for carbonate collector are considered in the article. Modeling acid treatment is described in the article. It is proved that the use of different methods simplifies this task, as it gives the correct results quickly and easily. The importance of the choice of well operation methods is analyzed. It has been proven that effectiveness of the developed acid malt should be used. The article examines the results of computer modeling of the process of pumping the acidic system into the productive reservoir. The change in the viscosity of the acid system in contact with the carbonate rock, obtained by modeling the process of exiting the emulsion from the pump-compressor pipes was studied. The results of this work are very important andnecessary for further research and well production analysis. Examples from the analysis of experimental research models of laboratory tests of new acid components for a carbonate collector can be applied in the training of students in the Chemical Engineering educational program.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES WITH VARIABLE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Iglin Sergii
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the construction of mathematical models of complex chemical processes when different factors act on the result of a chemical reaction at different points in time. The method of least squares is used. This material can be used to teach university students in the disciplines of Mathematical Statistics, Numerical Methods, General Technologies of Food Production, Food Chemistry, etc. Applications from the analysis of experimental research models and laboratory testing of innovative technologies for the development of different types of galusa can be supported by incoming students in the chemical engineering program. Examples from the analysis of experimental research models of laboratory tests of new acid components for a carbonate collector can be applied in the training of students in the Chemical Engineering educational program.
DESIGNING HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS: TRANSFORMATION OF A DESIGNER’S THINKING
Authors: Protasenko Olga , Mygal Galyna
Published: December 2023

Industry 4.0 became a powerful impetus for the development of man-machine systems, which, on the one hand, increased their efficiency and reliability and, on the other hand, made them super-complex. As a result, this led to an increase in the complexity of human-machine system management and the manifestation of the human factor. The consequence is that, currently, the main cause of accidents and disasters is the human factor. Thus, the safety of human-machine systems largely depends on the person's psychological and physiological characteristics. The article shows that the study of a person's characteristics is the basis for the development of a human factor management system. The essential element of the human factor management system is the systemic ergonomics thinking of the human-machine systems designer. This type of thinking is formed as a result of training and the gradual acquisition of eco-ergonomic design skills. To explain the importance of the formation of eco-ergonomic thinking in human-machine systems design, eco-ergonomic thinking evolution is presented in the work. Through the analysis of the sequence of the development of ergonomic thought, it is shown how the approach to ensuring the safety of human-machine systems has changed from the middle of the 20th century to the present. The next stage of the work was the analysis of eco-ergonomic, human-oriented, risk-oriented, and strategic thinking. Based on the analysis results, a hierarchy of thinking types is built, and their role in the formation of systemic ergonomics thinking in human-machine systems designing is shown. The main feature of the designer’s systemic ergonomics thinking is the priority of finding a solution to the problem in the system operation through research and analysis of human-machine interaction. Based on the obtained results, the importance of the formation and development of systemic ergonomics thinking is substantiated. It is shown how to implement the formation of a designer's systemic ergonomics thinking of human-machine systems through the training system.
ELECTROLYSIS CONDITIONS EFFECT ON THE VANADIUM-CONTAINING COATINGS COMPOSITION
Authors: Sakhnenko Mykola , Zhelavska Yulia , Zyubanova Svitlana , Horokhivska Natalia
Published: December 2023

The development of functional materials with predictable properties is one of the priority directions in modern research. Obtaining new energy-saving materials for reducing the cost of hydrogen production in an electrochemical way is relevant for the hydrogen energy industry. Such electrode materials should have catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Catalytic properties can be predicted for coating alloys of the iron subgroup metals with vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten. The aforementioned metals can be co-deposited from aqueous solutions with iron subgroup metal catalysts through the formation of cluster intermetallic compounds with Me-V, Mo, W bond adsorbed on the cathode surface. The induced co-deposition of cobalt with vanadium from the complex citrate electrolyte via stationary and pulse electrolysis modes was investigated in the current work. As a result of the research, it was found that the uniform microcrystalline light-gray high-quality cobalt-vanadium alloy coating is possible to be deposed  from a citrate electrolyte with content of 0,1 mol/dm3 vanadium (in terms of metal) as a citrate complex The process was carried out at a current density of 1–15 A/dm2 by stationary electrolysis mode and 2–10 A/dm2 by pulse electrolysis mode, with a different ratio of pulse time to pause time, at a temperature range  of 35–40°С and pH = 3,0–3,5. According to the results of the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, the maximum content of vanadium in the coating obtained via the programmable electrolysis mode is 1.20–1.45%, which is tens of times more than in the coating deposited by the stationary electrolysis mode (vanadium content 0.007-0.017%) under similar conditions. The obtained result may be a confirmation of the hypothesis of vanadium additional reduction from oxo-anions by adsorbed hydrogen atoms that formed on the cathode surface during the pause period. According to the results of the analysis of 2D graphs, the optimal parameters of the process for obtaining a cobalt-vanadium coating with the vanadium maximum content in the alloy and the coating current yield of 80% have been established.
Frame-based block sparse compressed sensing via l2/l1-synthesis
Authors: Wu Fen-Gong , Xiao Huasong
Published: December 2023

In this paper we consider the frame-based block sparse signal recovery via a l2/l1-synthesis method. A new kind of null space property based on the given dictionary D(block D-NSP) is proposed. It is proved that sensing matrices satisfying the block D-NSP is not just a sufficient and necessary condition for the l2/l1-synthesis method to exactly recover signals that are block sparse in frame D, but also a sufficient and necessary condition for the l2/l1-synthesis to stably recover signals which are block-compressible in frame D. To the best of our knowledge, this new property is the first sufficient and necessary condition for successful signal recovery via the l2/l1-synthesis. In addition, we also characterize the theoretical performance of recovering signals via the l2/l1-synthesis in the case of the measurements are disturbed.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 94A12,94A15
Gender Differences in Attitudes towards Psychological Help-Seeking among Chinese Medical Students: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Qiu Lei , Xu Hengyi , Li Yingqi , Zhao Yonghui , Yang Qin
Published: December 2023

Background
Medical students are known to be at a greater risk of psychological disorders compared to the general population. However, their rate of help-seeking behavior is low. The purpose of this study was to explore the influencing factors of attitudes towards psychological help-seeking among Chinese medical students and to examine its gender differences.
Methods
A total of 3,453 medical students from three medical colleges in Hainan Province, China, completed anonymous questionnaires that included socio-demographic attributes, the Family APGAR Index, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-20), and the Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help Short Form (ATSPPH-SF). Associations between predictor variables and attitudes towards help-seeking were explored using multivariate linear regression, and regression models with interaction terms were employed to test gender difference.
Results
The mean score on ATSPPH-SF Scale was 15.04 ± 3.45, with males scoring significantly lower than females (14.34 vs 15.64, P < .0001). For both male and female groups, psych knowledge, mental health status, family function and help-seeking utility perception significantly influenced attitudes toward psychological help-seeking. Furthermore, having more than once psycho-help experiences was positively correlated with women’s attitudes. Significant interactions were found between gender and mental health status.
Conclusion
Attitude towards seeking psychological help was relatively negative among Chinese medical students. The implementation of interventions should take into account the at-risk population, especially the females and individuals with poor mental health.
Inclusive Wealth growth pathways within the carbon peak target for Chinese cities
Authors: Guan Dabo , Cheng Danyang , Xue Qianyu , Shan Yuli , Huo Jingwen , Cui Can , Zhou Ya , Li Yuan
Published: December 2023

The Paris Agreement and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provide the foundation for sustainable development under a changing climate. China is committed to its international responsibilities through a national plan on implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as well as a commitment to reach peak carbon emissions by 2030. However, existing literature lacks necessary detail on the interactions between these two agendas, or how the paths to both will be blazed. This study aims to provide the latest sustainability assessments of Chinese cities and to analyze their diverse emission patterns and progress in reducing emissions. To measure the sustainable performances of 67 Chinese cities, this study adopted a basic tool: an Inclusive Wealth Index framework that looks at the productive base of an economy, including produced capital, human capital and natural capital. These findings were then integrated with carbon emissions using the Index Decomposition Analysis approach. The empirical results indicate that several national demonstration zones achieved sustainable peaking in correspondence to declining emissions and growing well-being from 2012 to 2019, developments driven by structure transformation of industry and improvement of education. Some northeastern cities meet the emission mitigation target by dramatically reducing production in carbon-intensive industries; this has led to declining emissions along with carbon peak, however, resulting in declining well-being. This study serves as a foundation for different types of cities as well as other countries to develop pathways suited to both sustainable development goals and peak carbon targets in the future.
Genomic signatures of habitat isolation and paleo-climate unveil the “island-like” pattern in the glasshouse Rheum nobile
Authors: Rana Hum Kala , Rana Santosh Kumar , Sun Hang , Luo Dong
Published: December 2023

Background
The Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains (HHM), known as ‘Sky Islands’, present a unique opportunity for exploring the genomic differentiation of endemic plants, particularly in understanding their “island-like” genetic distinctness. Despite its ecological significance, the detailed population genomics and underlying mechanisms contributing to this distinctness remain underexplored. This gap limits our understanding of the impact of geological and climatic events on species evolution and diversification in these regions. Bridging the gap, the study focuses on Rheum nobile, a distinctive “glasshouse species” from the HHM’s alpine subnival summits, to unravel the genetic dynamics contributing to its “island-like” structure. Investigating this species provides crucial insights into genetic diversity formation, enhancing our knowledge of global biodiversity within these unique ecosystems.
Results
In-depth analysis of plastome and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences from 104 R. nobile samples revealed a distinct “island-like” structure, characterized by significant unique alleles and high genetic diversity across populations. This pattern aligned with three phylogroups, reflecting the floristic regionalization of HHM. The three main lineages emerged and diverged allopatrically approximately 7.72–4.18 million years ago (Mya). Notably, the species experienced a marked population bottleneck or decline, evident between 0.18–0.016 Mya (plastome) and 0.38–0.031 Mya (ITS). Rheum nobile showed no correlation between genetic patterns and geographic distance (Isolation by Distance) or environment (Isolation by Environment). Additionally, limited gene flow was observed among the discerned phylogroups. Ensemble Species Distribution Modeling (eSDM) suggested the existence of multiple refugia during/or even earlier of the Last Glacial Maximum, indicating a complex historical distribution.
Conclusion
Rheum nobile’s distinctive genetic patterns, marked by high population differentiation and restricted gene flow, are largely a result of the fragmented ‘Sky Island’ habitats and extended isolation periods during the Quaternary glaciation. This research underscores the intricate evolutionary trajectory of R. nobile, driven by the interplay of factors including the ‘Sky Island’ dynamic, adaptation to ecological niches, geological uplifts, climatic fluctuations, and habitat fragmentation. These factors collectively have shaped the current distribution and genetic makeup of R. nobile. Moreover, this understanding carries substantial ramifications for the conservation and management of R. nobile in its native environment.
An eco- and user-friendly textile integrating radiative heating and cooling for large-temperature-variation personal thermal management
Authors: Chen Sheng , Zhang Jiankang , Dong Huilin , Yu Yian , Cao Mengyao , Li Cuihuan , Shen Xiaoying , Li Junying , Xu Yanglei , Xu Feng
Published: December 2023

Radiative heating or cooling textiles offer a sustainable means for personal thermal management (PTM). However, textiles that can realize efficient PTM under both large indoor and outdoor temperature variations are still lacking. Herein, guided by a heat transfer model, we developed an eco- and user-friendly bilayer textile (i-textile) integrating radiative heating and cooling. The i-textile is composed of an MXene layer and a cellulose acetate (CA) layer with asymmetrical spectral characteristics. This textile provides heating when the MXene layer faces outward and cooling by wearing the textile inside out when the CA layer faces outward, thus enabling a decreased skin temperature variation range (7.3 and 6.8 °C lower than those when wearing cotton textiles) under large temperature variations indoors (12.6 °C) and outdoors (19.6 °C), respectively. Moreover, the i-textile presents excellent wearability (breathability and washing resistance), recyclability, and biodegradability and can save ~30% of the building heating and cooling energy if widely deployed in China.
Leveraging genetic correlations and multiple populations to improve genetic risk prediction for non-European populations
Authors: Zhao Hongyu , Xu Leqi , Zhou Geyu , Jiang Wei , Guan Leying
Published: December 2023

The disparity in genetic risk prediction accuracy between European and non-European individuals highlights a critical challenge in health inequality. To bridge this gap, we introduce JointPRS, a novel method that models multiple populations jointly to improve genetic risk predictions for non-European individuals. JointPRS has three key features. First, it encompasses all diverse populations to improve prediction accuracy, rather than relying solely on the target population with a singular auxiliary European group. Second, it autonomously estimates and leverages chromosome-wise cross-population genetic correlations to infer the effect sizes of genetic variants. Lastly, it provides an auto version that has comparable performance to the tuning version to accommodate the situation with no validation dataset. Through extensive simulations and real data applications to 22 quantitative traits and four binary traits in East Asian populations, nine quantitative traits and one binary trait in African populations, and four quantitative traits in South Asian populations, we demonstrate that JointPRS outperforms state-of-art methods, improving the prediction accuracy for both quantitative and binary traits in non-European populations.
Sub-Zero Non-Freezing of Vascularized Composite Allografts Preservation in Rodents
Authors: von Reiterdank Irina Filz , Tawa Pierre , Berkane Yanis , de Clermont-Tonnerre Eloi , Dinicu Antonia , Pendexter Casie , Goutard Marion , Lellouch Alexandre G. , Molen Aebele B. Mink van der , Coert J. Henk , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Uygun Korkut
Published: December 2023

Ischemia is a major limiting factor in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) as irreversible muscular injury can occur after as early as 4-6 hours of static cold storage (SCS). Organ preservation technologies have led to the development of storage protocols extending rat liver ex vivo preservation up to 4 days. Development of such a protocol for VCAs has the added challenge of inherent ice nucleating factors of the graft, therefore this study focused on developing a robust protocol for VCA supercooling. Rodent partial hindlimbs underwent subnormothermic machine perfusion (SNMP) with several loading solutions, followed by cryoprotective agent (CPA) cocktail developed for VCAs. Storage occurred in suspended animation for 24h and VCAs were recovered using SNMP with modified Steen. This study shows a robust VCA supercooling preservation protocol in a rodent model. Further optimization is expected to allow for its application in a transplantation model, which would be a breakthrough in the field of VCA preservation.
RGS1 targeted by miR-191-3p inhibited the stemness properties of esophageal cancer cells by suppressing CXCR4/PI3K/AKT signaling
Authors: Xun Jing , Ma Yuan , Wang Botao , Lv Zongjing , Jiang Xiaolin , Liu Bin , Zhang Lanqiu , Yang Lei , Yu Xiangyang , Zhang Aimin , Gao Ruifang , Zhai Qiongli , Cheng Runfen , Wang Ximo , Wu Xueliang , Wu Yu , Zhang Qi
Published: December 2023

Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. It is urgent to prevent the development and progression of esophageal cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were reported to have the ability to initiate tumorigenesis , and reducing the stem cell-like characteristics of tumors is an important strategy to inhibit the occurrence and development of tumors. miRNAs are key regulators of the stemness of cancer. Here, we aimed to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of miR-191-3pin the stemness properties of esophageal cancer cells.
Methods: Esophageal cancer cells with stable expression of miR-191-3p were established by lentivirus system. CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, wound healing assay were used to evaluate the effect of miR-191-3p on proliferation and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells. The expression of stemness-related markers (NANOG, OCT4, SOX2), ALDH activity, sphere-forming assay and subcutaneous tumor model in nude mice were performed to evaluate the stemness properties of esophageal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the molecular mechanism.
Result: Here we found that overexpression of miR-191-3p promoted the stemness properties of esophageal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, including increasing esophageal cancer cell proliferation and metastasis ability, the expression of stemness-related markers NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2, ALDH activity, the number of spheres formed and tumor growth. Bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase assay demonstrated that regulator of G protein signaling 1 (RGS1) was the directed target gene of miR-191-3p and attenuated the promotion effect of miR-191-3p on the stemness of esophageal cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that RGS1 knockdown activated the PI3K/AKT pathway by negatively regulating CXCR4 to promote the stemness of esophageal cancer cells.
Conclusions: Our findings revealed that RGS1 targeted by miR-191-3p inhibited the stemness of esophageal cancer cells by suppressing the CXCR4/PI3K/AKT pathway, which provide potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in the future.
The effect of dress nudity on the interpersonal attraction of female college students
Authors: Deng Zhen , Deng JiaMin , Liu Jie , Sang Ping , Pan Xiaofu
Published: December 2023

Background
As time progresses, people are dressing more fashionably, and women are increasingly daring to dress nude in order to stand out. So what kind of changes do women who dress nude trigger in observers' perceptions of their interpersonal attractiveness?
Method
In order to explore the above questions, we conducted two experiments which were designed to explore the effect of female college students' dress nudity on their interpersonal attraction.
Result
The results showed that, compared to low dress nudity, high dress nudity among female college students triggered higher appearance attraction but lower social attraction and task attraction (Experiment 1), and objectification of others mediated the effect of dress nudity on interpersonal attraction among female college students (Experiment 2).
Conclusion
This study provides new perspectives on the study of dress and interpersonal interactions, enriches the theoretical study of dress-body relationships, and also provides practical insights for wearers to realize improvements in their attractiveness in different scenarios.
Nitrogen deposition accelerates soil acidification in four Chinese forests
Authors: Fujii Kazumichi , Zheng Jinsen , Zhou Zhang , Fang Yunting
Published: December 2023

Aims Increasing nitrogen (N) deposition is hypothesized to cause a decline in soil pH in China. We tested to what extent N deposition is contributing to acidification of forest soils.
Methods We quantified external proton (H+) input and net proton generation from N transformation and cation uptake by plants and acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC; sum of cations) in soil. This allowed us to estimate the required time for 1 unit drop of soil pH based on soil pH-ANC relationship in Shenyang, Dinghushan, and Jianfengling forests.
Results The N deposition contributed to 30%, 45%, and 4% of total proton generation through nitrification in the Shenyang, Dinghushan, and Jianfengling forest soils, respectively. Heavy N deposition (50 kg N ha-1 yr-1) also increased proton generation associated with net cation accumulation in growing plant biomass (2.2 kmolc ha−1 yr−1) in the Guangzhou forest, where soil pH decreased by 1 unit in 30 years. Depletion of 1700 kmolc ha−1 ANC and 977 kmolc ha−1 total base reserve is required for 1 unit drop of soil pH, but the cumulative acid inputs for 30 years (120 kmolc ha−1) were much lower to meet these requirements. Acidity can account for 45% of exchangeable Al accumulation (268 kmolc ha−1) in the surface soil, but the remaining portion might be attributed to the heterogeneity of proton generation and consumption in the soil profile.
Conclusion We found quantitatively that heavy N deposition accelerates soil acidification through increased nitrification and plant productivity.
An automatic detection method for cervical liquid-based cells based on the improved YOLO V5s
Authors: SHEN Xudong , Yebo TAO , Xianglian WU , CHEN Linfei , SHEN ShiTao
Published: December 2023

To address the insufficient local inference performance of existing object detection algorithms used in cervical liquid-based cytology, we propose an enhanced YOLOv5s network structure. This architecture dynamically adjusts the weights of channels and spatial attention modules, thereby improving the extraction of feature information from small objects and enhancing the network model's detection capabilities. Alongside this enhanced network model, we studied the Mixup data augmentation technique, which effectively increases the sample size and addresses data imbalance in the custom dataset. We employ CIoU as the loss function for bounding box regression, thereby improving the localization accuracy of the network model's bounding boxes. Comparative experiments on a self-compiled cervical liquid-based cytology dataset show that the improved algorithm achieves a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 0.921, a 5.6% point increase compared to the original YOLOv5s, thus validating the effectiveness of our approach.
A security mechanism for Enhanced ShockBurst wireless communication protocol using nRF24L01
Authors: Ayati Aref , Naji Hamid Reza
Published: December 2023

The increasing use of the Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks has been very noticeable due to the diversity of their applications. Due to the numerous cyber security threats and also the weaknesses of communication systems in IoT and WSN infrastructures, we have conducted research to increase the security of the "Enhanced ShockBurst" protocol which is one of the wireless network protocols that is used widely in these fields. We propose a security mechanism to enhance the security of the "Enhanced ShockBurst" wireless network protocol and protect communication networks in IoT or WSNs that use this protocol. This mechanism is more secure and faster than the previous proposed mechanisms and it is based on CIAA that can guarantee message confidentiality, integrity, availability, and accountability. In this method, by taking advantage of time and a function to frequently shuffle the address in the Enhanced Shock Burst wireless communication protocol, more suitable security conditions were implemented with a not-too-high cost compared to other methods.
Changes of brain functional network in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia：a graph-theoretic analysis
Authors: Wu Shijing , Zhan Ping , Wang Guojing , Yu Xiaohua , Liu Hongyun , Wang Weidong
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the two most common neurodegenerative dementias. This study focused on changes of brain functional network in two types of dementia.
Methods: We investigated the changes of brain functional networks in two types of dementia using routine preprocessed electroencephalogram (EEG) resting seated state-closed eyes recordings obtained from the OpenNeuro public dataset. This dataset includes 36 patients with AD, 23 patients with FTD and 29 healthy controls (HC). We constructed a functional brain network by computingthe phase-lock value (PLV) in five frequency bands, and calculated topological parameters based on graph theory. The statistical analysis of these graph-theoretic parameters could be used to evaluate the changes of brain functional network in AD patients and FTD patients.
Results: The brain network connectivity of AD, FTD, and HC all increased first and then decreased with the increase of frequency, especially reaching the strongest in the alpha frequency band. Patients with AD and patients with FTD had a significantly weaker value of PLV in the alpha frequency band and showed severe global functional network alterations (lower mean node degree, clustering coefficient, global efficiency, local efficiency, and longer characteristic path length) compared those with controls. Furthermore, AD patients demonstrated a lower mean node degree, clustering coefficient, and local efficiency in all brain regions (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and central lobes), while these changes were observed only in frontal, temporal, parietal, and central regions for FTD patients.
Conclusions: We observed abnormalities of functional network topology and connectivity in AD and FTD, which could contribute to understanding brain’s behavior and its dysfunction in AD and FTD. Futhormore, Patients with AD showed a loss of function in the whole brain, while patients with FTD retained the function of the occipital lobe, which may provide new insights into developing electrophysiological markers for the clinical diagnosis of AD and FTD.
Use of probabilistic phrases in a coordination game: Human versus GPT-4
Authors: Maloney Laurence , Martello Maria Dal , Fei Vivian , Ma Valerie
Published: December 2023

English speakers use probabilistic phrases such as likely to communicate information about the probability or likelihood of events. Communication is successful to the extent that the listener grasps what the speaker means to convey and, if communication is successful, individuals can potentially coordinate their actions based on shared knowledge about uncertainty. We first assessed human ability to estimate the probability and the ambiguity (imprecision) of twenty-three probabilistic phrases in a coordination game in two different contexts, investment advice and medical advice. We then had GPT-4 (OpenAI), a Large Language Model, complete the same tasks as the human participants. We found that GPT-4’s estimates of probability both in the investment and Medical contexts were as close or closer to that of the human participants as the human participants’ estimates were to one another. However, further analyses of residuals disclosed small but significant differences between human and GPT-4 performance. In particular, human probability estimates were compressed relative to those of GPT-4. Estimates of probability for both the human participants and GPT-4 were little affected by context. We propose that evaluation methods based on coordination games provide a systematic way to assess what GPT-4 and similar programs can and cannot do.
The impact of digital RMB on the existing payment system and its future development trends
Authors: Huang Zixin , Sun Qiwen , Sun Qifa
Published: December 2023

The central bank’s digital RMB pilot program is rapidly expanding across the country. In the era of the digital economy, digital RMB has great room for development. On the contrary, third-party online payment methods are under pressure from national policies, substitution of similar products, and social needs, leading to considerable uncertainty about their future direction. This article compares digital RMB with third-party payment platforms to analyze its unique advantages. We also collected questionnaire information filled out by groups of different generations to explore the audience groups of digital RMB and understand the attitudes of different groups towards using digital RMB for payment. The Baidu search index was used to explore the differences in the attention of different provinces to digital RMB, and the cumulative value of real estate investment was selected as the core independent variable to study its impact on digital RMB. Using the Baidu search index increasing search index chart in the main pilot areas, we analyze the reasons for its popularity trend. Finally, problems existing in the development of digital RMB are pointed out, and corresponding suggestions are provided.
JEL Classification: B22 , D11 , E42 , E52 , E58
Visual Prompting based Incremental Learning forSemantic Segmentation of MultiplexImmuno-Flourescence Microscopy Imagery
Authors: Faulkenberry Ryan , Prasad Saurabh , Maric Dragan , Roysam Badrinath
Published: December 2023

Deep learning approaches are state-of-the-art for semantic segmentation of medical images, but unlike many deep learning applications, medical segmentation is characterized by small amounts of annotated training data. Thus, while mainstream deep learning approaches focus on performance in domains with large training sets, researchers in the medical imaging field must apply new methods in creative ways to meet the more constrained requirements of medical datasets. We propose a framework for incrementally fine-tuning a multi-class segmentation of a high-resolution multiplex (multi-channel) immuno-flourescence image of a rat brain section, using a minimal amount of labelling from a human expert. Our framework begins with a modified Swin-UNet architecture that treats each biomarker in the multiplex image separately and learns an initial ''global'' segmentation (\emph{pre-training}). This is followed by incremental learning and refinement of each class using a very limited amount of additional labeled data provided by a human expert for each region and its surroundings. This incremental learning utilizes the multi-class weights as an initialization and uses the additional labels to steer the network and optimize it for each region in the image. In this way, an expert can identify errors in the multi-class segmentation and rapidly correct them by supplying the model with additional annotations hand-picked from the region. In addition to increasing the speed of annotation and reducing the amount of labelling, we show that our proposed method outperforms a traditional multi-class segmentation by a large margin.
Involvement of acute care surgeons reduces post-surgery complications: A propensity-score matched evaluation of clinical outcomes
Authors: Ogawa Katsuhiro , Komori Hiroyuki , Tajiri Takuya , Horino Taichi , Kato Rikako , Ohuchi Mayuko , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Baba Yoshifumi , Miyamoto Yuji , Baba Hideo
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Acute care surgeons are experts in trauma treatment, emergency surgery, and critical surgical care. Herein, we analyzed the impact of involvement of an acute care surgeon vs a general surgeon on postoperative outcomes in emergency general surgery.
Methods: This retrospective study included 92 patients who underwent emergency general surgery at our institution between January 2020 and September 2021. Patients were separated into two groups based on the attending surgeon, and propensity score matching was used to analyze postoperative outcomes. The primary outcome was postoperative complications, while secondary outcomes included perioperative management and surgery-related and postoperative complications. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the odds ratios (OR) for all complications.
Results: Overall, 30 patients were treated by acute care surgeons (ACS group) and 62 patients were treated by general surgeons (non-ACS group). Propensity score matching identified 30 patients with balanced baseline covariates in each group. After matching, the ACS group had lower complication rates (Clavien–Dindo classification ≥2) than the non-ACS group (17% vs. 40%, P=0.08), as well as a significantly shorter surgery duration (75 min vs. 96 min, P=0.014). In logistic analysis, acute care surgeon involvement was identified as an independent predictor for a decrease in all complications (OR, 0.15; 95%CI, 0.02–0.64).
Conclusion: Acute care surgeon involvement reduces the overall complication rate in emergency general surgery.
Implementation of spore display in Paenibacillus polymyxa with different hydrolytic enzymes
Authors: Zander Maximilian , Schmid Jochen , Kabisch Johannes
Published: December 2023

Biotechnological processes are essential for producing climate-friendly high-value chemicals or pharmaceutical compounds, which can include steps catalyzed by enzymes. Therefore, establishing new, robust, and cheap enzyme production processes is desirable. One possible way to enhance processes is through the use of the spore display method. Spore display can present heterologous proteins on the surface of bacterial spores, offering numerous advantages in a range of biotechnological applications. This study demonstrates the implementation of the spore display method in Paenibacillus polymyxa,achieved by modifying the spore surface, incorporating an anchoring protein, and attaching green fluorescent protein to it, allowing the visualization of fluorescent spores. Following the initial experiment, a native lipase (Lip3), a heterologous lipase (LipA) from Bacillus subtilis, a native esterase (PnbA) from P. polymyxa, and a lipoyl synthase are expressed during sporulation and displayed on the spore surface. The activity profiles were determined in the temperature range from 4 °C to 70 °C. The PnbA reached its optimum at 4 °C whereas the LipA from B. subtilis showed 4.4-fold higher activity at 42 °C compared to the control. Furthermore, we explored a possible new technique for the purification of enzymes with the TEV-cleavage site between the anchor and the protein of interest. Finally, we showed a not-yet-described side activity of the lipoyl synthase over a wide temperature range.
Breeding for durable resistance against biotrophic fungal pathogens using transgenes from wheat
Authors: Camenzind Marcela , Koller Teresa , Armbruster Cygni , Jung Esther , Brunner Susanne , Herren Gerhard , Keller Beat
Published: December 2023

Breeding for resistant crops is a sustainable way to control disease and relies on the introduction of novel resistance genes. Here, we tested three strategies on how to use transgenes from wheat to achieve durable resistance against fungal pathogens in the field. First, we tested the highly effective, overexpressed single transgene Pm3e in the background of spring wheat cultivar Bobwhite in a long-term field trial over many years. Together with previous results, this revealed that transgenic wheat line Pm3e#2 conferred complete powdery mildew resistance during a total of nine field seasons without negative impact on yield. Furthermore, overexpressed Pm3e provided resistance to powdery mildew isolates from our worldwide collection when crossed into elite wheat cultivar Fiorina. Second, we pyramided the four overexpressed transgenes Pm3a, Pm3b, Pm3d and Pm3f in the background of cultivar Bobwhite and showed that the pyramided line Pm3a,b,d,f was completely resistant to powdery mildew in five field seasons. Third, we performed field trials with three barley lines expressing adult plant resistance gene Lr34 from wheat during three field seasons. Line GLP8 expressed Lr34 under control of the pathogen-inducible Hv-Ger4c promoter and provided partial barley powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance in the field with small, negative effects on yield components which might need compensatory breeding. Overall, our study demonstrates and discusses three successful strategies for achieving fungal disease resistance of wheat and barley in the field using transgenes from wheat. These strategies might confer long-term resistance if applied in a sustainable way.
Relationship of buccolingual inclination between the alveolar bone and first molar in different vertical facial types: a CBCT study
Authors: Cui Xingyu , Tang Huajing , Zhang Yunlin , Lin Xingnan
Published: December 2023

Background
This study aimed to investigate the differences in the buccolingual inclination and transverse width of maxillary and mandibular first molars among different vertical facial types.
Methods
In all, 78 samples were divided into three groups based on the GoGn-SN angle: the low-angle group (n = 26, mean age = 24.21 ± 5.11), average-angle group (n = 26, mean age = 22.66 ± 3.72), and high-angle group (n = 26, mean age = 22.23 ± 2.43). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) measurements were used to assess the buccolingual inclination of the axis of the maxillary and mandibular first molars, as well as the buccolingual inclination of the basal bone, the dental arch width, and the basal bone width. One-way ANOVA, the LSD test, and Pearson correlation analysis were performed.
Results
The high-angle group showed significantly greater lingual inclination of the maxillary basal bone than the other two groups. The difference in buccolingual inclination of the axis of the maxillary first molar and the basal bone was significantly greater in the high-angle group than in the low-angle group. Both the maxillary and mandibular dental arch were significantly narrower in the high-angle group than in the other two groups. The mandibular basal bone was also significantly narrower in the high-angle group than in the other two groups.
Conclusions
The upper basal bone in the high-angle group showed significantly greater lingual inclination than that in the other two groups. Transverse matching of the maxillary and mandibular dental arch and basal bone in the high-angle group may be achieved through lingual inclination of the maxillary basal bone.
Intelligent Accident Prevention System using IoT.
Authors: Francis John , Joseph Jobina , Joseph Jobins , Reji Jerin , Divya R S
Published: December 2023

Despite the technological advancements of this era, road accidents remain a major concern, leading to public health issues and the loss of lakhs of lives annually throughout the country. The leading cause of road accidents worldwide is the consumption of alcohol before driving. Drunk drivers are in an unstable state, resulting in impulsive judgments on the road and endangering the lives of other road users. Another issue is unlicensed individuals driving illegally. To strengthen the identification system for drunken and unlicensed drivers, the advancement of vehicle engineering is crucial. To address these problems, we propose using a gear locking technology that prevents drunk drivers from operating a vehicle. Instead of an engine locking system, our proposed system uses a gear locking mechanism, allowing the engine to work for the air conditioning while locking the gear system if the driver is drunk. Our system includes a method for detecting the presence of alcohol from the breath of drivers using an MQ3 sensor and ATMEGA2560 microcontroller. Additionally, a fingerprint scanner is available for license verification. Due to its compact size, cost-effectiveness, excellent dependability, and high reliability, the proposed system is an ideal solution for preventing both drunken and unlicensed driving.
Android-Based Transport Tracking and Monitoring System
Authors: Krishnan T R Athira , Neha R , Sreehari C , Zenaani  , Kishor Krishna Kumar , Balamurugan V
Published: December 2023

Today's world is driven by technological changes every day. Various technologies have been developed in the world to facilitate and improve people's lives on a day-to-day basis. The primary goal of this paper is to develop a Global Positioning System (GPS)-tracking application that can track buses with greater accuracy and efficiency than existing bus-tracking systems. The application provides information about the bus's location, designated routes, and estimated time of arrival. The proposed model includes a comprehensive monitoring system that continuously tracks the college bus in real time and sends notifications to the driver when passengers miss the bus. In the event of a fire or accident, an alert message is sent to the nearest hospital with the vehicle's location. Any engine faults can be monitored by higher authorities who can take necessary actions. The GPS module connected to the ESP8266 WiFi module provides the bus's location, which is then sent and stored in a real-time Firebase database. The Android app retrieves this data and displays it on a map in real time, utilizing the Google Maps API. Additionally, an On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) is connected to the vehicle to detect any engine faults, and this information is displayed on the Android app. By enabling students to monitor the coordinates of their bus, they can avoid being late, resulting in time savings for both students and staff. This system is designed to be user-friendly and can be deployed in both rural and urban public transportation systems.
ROLE OF MULTI-DETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN EVALUATION OF LUNG ANOMALIES
Authors:   M.Sc. (MRIT) Research Follow, Radiation & Imaging Technology, NIMS University, Jaipur,Rajasthan, India., Yousf Wani Faisal , Kumar Gourav ,   Assistant Professor, Radiation & Imaging Technology, Faculty of NIMS College of Paramedical Technology, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India., Pratap Bhanu ,   Assistant Professor and head, Radiation & Imaging Technology, Faculty of NIMS College of Paramedical Technology, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India., Yadav Rajesh ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis& Imaging Nims Hospital Jaipur Rajasthan India.
Published: December 2023

Aim: Theaimofthisstudyisthe role of multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of lung anomalies patient inNIMSHospital,Jaipur,Rajasthan. Methods:Itwasanobservationaldescriptivestudy.Atotalof262patientsfromthedepartmentofRadio-diagnosisandImaging,NIMSHospital,Jaipur,wereselected and scan was takenat different technical factors. Result:In this study, the age group of the patients ranged between 15 to 90 years with mean age of patient were 55.6 years the majority of the patients were in age group 56 to 60years (12.5%). There were 62.21% male patients and 36.5% femalesOut of 262 patients selected for the study, 109 (69) were males and (40) were females. The outcome shows that out of two groups, malesgroup were the most affected from pleural effusionas compared to females group. Conclusion:Pleural effusion was the most common interstitial lung disease observed in our study. Our Study proved that there is a better consideration, specificity and perfection of CT in assessment of Lung anomalies as evident by significant correlation of CT with final diagnosis with p value of less than 0.004.
ADENOVIRUS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, SPREAD OF NOVEL SEROTYPES AND IN ROLE WITH RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors:   Agilus Diagnostics, Ps Srijan Tech, Kolkata- 700091., Das Annesha , Mondal Himadri ,   Agilus Diagnostics, Ps Srijan Tech, Kolkata- 700091., Kundu Shilpi ,   Agilus Diagnostics, Ps Srijan Tech, Kolkata- 700091.
Published: December 2023

Adenoviruses (AdVs) are the DNA viruses that can cause mild infections involving both upper or lower respiratory tract,gastrointestinal tract, or conjunctiva. Adenovirus plays a very notable role in respiratory tract disease in both pediatric and adult patients. It has been linked with outbreaks and epidemics in various patient populations, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. Fatality rates for severe untreated AdV pneumonia may exceed 50%. More than 50 serotypes of the AdV have been recognised. Different serotypes display different tissue tropisms that can correlate with the clinical manifestations of infection. In this paper, we discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis,clinical presentation, respiratory tract illnesses and complications, and roles of diagnosis and potential treatment options. Treatment of AdV infections is controversial, as prospective, randomized therapeutic trials have not been conducted. Cidofovir is the drug of choice for severe AdV infections, but not all patients require treatment.The role of the past oral adenovirus vaccine and the military implications of its withdrawal from routine use in military recruits is discussed as well.