bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DDoS Attack Detection with Machine Learning
Authors: Tay Wei-Wu , Chong Siew-Chin , Chong Lee-Ying
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are a major issue in internet security. These attacks target servers or network infrastructure. Similar to an unanticipated traffic jam on highway (lagging/crash) that prevent normal traffic reach to destination. DDoS may prevent users to access any system services. Researchers and scientists have developed numerous methods and algorithms to improve the performance of DDoS detection. In this paper, a DDoS detection method utilizing machine learning is proposed. There are three type of supervised machine learning classification methods which are K-Nearest Neighbor, Multilayer Perceptron and Random Forest, are applied in the proposed work to assess the accuracy of the model in training and testing processes. RF classification provides robustness and interpretability, MLP offers deep learning capabilities for complex patterns, and K-NN delivers simplicity and adaptability for instance-based learning. Together, these methods can contribute to a comprehensive DDoS attack detection system using machine learning. There are two types of classification setups: binary and multi-class classification. Binary classification involves identifying traffic as either a DDoS attack or normal using the NSL-KDD dataset. Multi-class classification, on the other hand, distinguishes between various types of DDoS attacks (such as DoS, Probe, U2R, and Sybil) and normal traffic using the NSL-KDD dataset. Feature engineering is also involved in this experiment to convert the categorical features into numerical values for detecting DDoS attack. Our model's performance was effective compared to other machine learning methods. RF achieved the highest accuracy rates: 99.35% in binary classification and 97.71% in multi-class classification. K-NN followed with 99.15% in binary and 97.35% in multi-class classification, while MLP achieved 90.63% in binary and 84.33% in multi-class classification.
Enhancing Cybersecurity Awareness through Gamification: Design an Interactive Cybersecurity Learning Platform for Multimedia University Students
Authors: Abdul Razack Adlil Khaliq , Mat Saad Mohamad Firdaus
Published: October 2024

Cybersecurity has emerged as a critical imperative in contemporary digital landscapes, necessitating heightened awareness and proficiency across all demographic segments. Accordingly, this research has been meticulously crafted to delve into the complexities of cybersecurity awareness, with a specific focus on university students. The study embarks on an exhaustive analysis encompassing the evaluation of cybersecurity awareness levels within the targeted groups, the identification of prevailing issues and practices, and an exploration of novel methodologies, notably gamification, to fortify cybersecurity knowledge and skills among diverse user cohorts. Central to this investigation is the efficacy of gamified learning environments tailored expressly for augmenting cybersecurity awareness among university students. Through a comprehensive examination of existing platforms, methodological frameworks, and user interactions, this research outlines critical trends, challenges, and latent opportunities within the cybersecurity awareness domain, with a specific emphasis on gamification's transformative potential. The study not only identifies key areas for improvement but also proposes innovative solutions rooted in gamified learning paradigms, with the overarching goal of fostering engaging, effective, and sustainable cybersecurity awareness initiatives among students. Drawing upon a synthesis of theoretical constructs, empirical insights, and pragmatic recommendations, this research significantly contributes to the evolving discourse on cybersecurity education. By underscoring the transformative efficacy of gamification as a pivotal tool in cybersecurity awareness initiatives, this study overlays the way for substantial advancements in cybersecurity education paradigms, offering a roadmap for enhancing cybersecurity awareness levels among university students and beyond.
Review on Automated Storage and Retrieval System for Warehouse
Authors: Low Alex Kai Jie , Sim Kok Swee , Lew Kai Liang
Published: October 2024

The swift expansion of e-commerce and supply chain operations has significantly enhanced the efficiency of warehouse management systems, establishing them as vital components in augmenting organizations' competitiveness. This paper delves into warehouse sorting systems to enhance the sorting process, reduce error rates, and simplify internal warehouse procedures. It aims to develop a scalable, adaptable, and efficient warehouse sorting system that can maximize sorting efficiency while effectively responding to changing market demands through the use of advanced automation technologies. The study provides an in-depth review of the literature that has explored the Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS) within the context of warehouse operations. It offers a comprehensive introduction to the operational systems of warehouses, detailing each type of ASRS along with the technologies that can improve the efficiency and accuracy of these systems. Moreover, the paper thoroughly investigates and classifies the ASRS design decision problem and compares multiple types of ASRS. The analysis aims to delineate the distinctions among various ASRS configurations, assessing their scalability, adaptability, and their impact on operational efficacy in warehouse environments Through this comparative review, the paper emphasizes the potential enhancements in sorting processes that modern ASRS can provide, ensuring that warehouse operations can rapidly adapt to market changes and demands. The goal is to highlight best practices and technological innovations that can lead to more responsive and efficient warehouse management systems. This exploration contributes to a better understanding of how cutting-edge automation and adaptable system designs can significantly influence the efficiency of warehouse sorting processes.
Development of Virtual Reality-Based Left Brain System
Authors: Teo Kok An , Sim Kok Swee , Toa Chean Khim , Lew Kai Liang
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a virtual reality based Left Brain System named BrainUp World to improve left brain thinking. The left-brain system was employed with mobile virtual reality technology, hand motion tracking and haptic feedback system. The implementation of these systems is to enhance the experience and sense of embodiment. BrainUp World includes virtual reality-based brain training games to improve a person’s attention level, reasoning skill, auditory cognition, arithmetic skill, sequencing skill and memory. The hand tracking system was utilized with an IR camera to capture the hand orientation and return the gesture data to the VR application. A low-cost and lightweight haptic glove was invented which provides the sense of touch using vibrations while interacting with VR contents. An experimental study was conducted to assess the efficacy of BrainUp World compared to traditional PC-based training approaches. Participants were randomly assigned to either the VR-based or PC-based training group and underwent 6 different games to test a person’s attention level, reasoning skill, auditory cognition, arithmetic skill, sequencing skill, and memory. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in left brain function in the VR-based training group compared to the PC-based group, with a T-score growth of 4.73. Analysis using ANOVA confirmed the significance of this difference (p-Value = 0.04). Notably, the study also identified age-related differences in thinking fluency, highlighting the importance of personalized cognitive training interventions. In conclusion, BrainUp World demonstrates the potential of VR technology in promoting left brain development, as evidenced by empirical findings from the conducted study. By offering immersive and interactive cognitive training experiences, VR-based systems hold promise for enhancing various aspects of cognitive function associated with left hemisphere dominance. Further research in this area is encouraged to explore the full potential of VR-based interventions for cognitive enhancement.
Comparative Analysis of Linear and Nonlinear sEMG Methods for Detecting Muscle Fatigue During Dynamic Biceps Curls
Authors: Tang Ming , Ang Ling Weay , Palaniappan Sellappan
Published: October 2024

Muscle fatigue, a key concern in sports science, rehabilitation, and occupational health, influences performance, injury risk, and provides insights into muscle functionality and endurance. Surface electromyography (sEMG) has emerged as a vital tool for non-invasively tracking muscle electrical activity and gauging health. As its application for muscle fatigue assessment grows, identifying the most accurate analytical methods is essential. Current sEMG analyses employ both linear and nonlinear metrics to measure fatigue onset and progression, yet research is ongoing to determine which method is most effective in the context of dynamic contractions. The study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of established linear and nonlinear methods in measuring muscle fatigue caused by dynamic contractions through surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. A group of twelve healthy individuals completed biceps curls at a consistent pace of one repetition per four seconds, which constituted 75% of their 10-repetition maximum. Concurrently, sEMG signals were captured from the biceps brachii muscle at 1000 Hz. To assess the sEMG signals during the initial, middle, and final sets of 10 repetitions, three linear metrics—mean frequency, median frequency, and spectral moment ratio (SMR)—along with two nonlinear approaches, namely sample entropy and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), were utilized. The study's outcomes indicated notable shifts in the SMR values and the two DFA-derived scaling exponents across the exercise sets. These results indicated that SMR, sample entropy, and DFA are effective in gauging muscle fatigue, with sample entropy and DFA demonstrating heightened sensitivity to the fatigue levels when compared to the linear metrics.
Comparative Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Mobile Phone Price Prediction: Assessing Accuracy, Robustness, and Generalization Performance
Authors: Lashari Saima Anwar , Khan Muhammad Muntazir , Khan Abdullah , Salahuddin Sana , Ata Muhammad Noman
Published: October 2024

These days, mobile phones are the most commonly purchased goods. Thousands of new models with improved features, designs, and specifications are released yearly. An autonomous mobile price prediction system is required to assist customers in determining whether or not they can afford these devices. Many machine learning models exhibit varying performance degrees based on their architecture and learning properties. Ten widely used classifiers were assessed in this study: Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Decision Tree (DT), Naïve Bayes (NB), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), AdaBoost, and Light Gradient Boosting (LGB). The F1-score, recall, accuracy, and precision of these models were evaluated. According to the findings, the results indicated that LR, with its use of the Elastic Net parameter, outperformed the others with 96% accuracy, 97% precision, 94% recall, and 96% F1-score. Other models like XGBoost, LGB, and SVM also showed strong performance, whereas KNN had the poorest performance. The study highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate model for accurate mobile price prediction. Among all the machine learning used in this paper, the LR classifier outperforms the other state-of-the-art models because of the elastic Net parameter used for mobile phone price prediction.
The relationship of some physical variables to heart health
Authors: Ali Raheem Abdulhussein  , Dr.Nabeel Abdulkadhim Athab  , Rouida falih Hassan
Published: October 2024

The research aims to identify the impact of some physical variables and their relationship to heart health, as an unhealthy lifestyle affects physical changes, which in turn indirectly affect heart health, as not exercising, especially strength exercises, can negatively affect heart health. While aerobic exercises such as walking and running are essential for improving cardiovascular function, strength exercises (such as weightlifting or resistance exercises) play an important role in supporting heart health. Therefore, following a good healthy lifestyle gives the individual a healthy and positive life away from diseases and enables him to perform his daily duties with vitality and activity. In general, regular exercise, whether strength or endurance exercises, helps prevent heart disease and promote heart health by improving cardiovascular function and reducing the risks associated with chronic diseases.
PERBEDAAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN SEBELUM DAN SETELAH TERAPI ERITROPOIETIN PADA PASIEN PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIK YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS DI RSUD DR. M. YUNUS BENGKULU
Authors: Ayu Lestari Lutfiana
Published: October 2024

Latar Belakang: Anemia merupakan komplikasi yang umum diderita oleh pasien penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) dengan peningkatan prevalensi seiring menurunnya fungsi ginjal. Kondisi ini disebabkan menurunnya produksi hormon eritropoietin (EPO) akibat kerusakan ginjal. Terapi EPO dapat diberikan untuk menggantikan kerja hormon eritropoietin dan perlu dilakukan evaluasi respon kerja terapi dengan pemantauan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) secara rutin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar Hb sebelum dan setelah pemberian terapi EPO pada pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi analitik komparatif dan metode cross-sectional study. Subjek penelitian diambil dari pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis secara total sampling. Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah kadar Hb sebelum dan setelah terapi EPO. Data yang didapatkan dari penelitian akan dianalisis menggunakan uji paired t-test.
Hasil: Rerata kadar Hb dari 66 sampel sebelum terapi EPO adalah 8,394 gr/dL dan setelah terapi EPO adalah 9,109 gr/dL. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan uji paired t-test didapatkan nilai p=0,001 yang menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan kadar Hb sebelum dan setelah terapi EPO.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan kadar Hb dengan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kadar Hb sebelum dan setelah pemberian terapi eritropoietin.
Kata Kunci: Anemia, Penyakit Ginjal Kronik, Eritropoietin, Hemoglobin
Evaluation of the Popper Test as an Alternative to the Valsalva Maneuver for Assessing Eustachian Tube Function
Authors: Kim Dae Hyun , Kwak Moon Su , Park Ju Ha , Bae Seong Hoon
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives The Valsalva test, although commonly utilized to assess the Eustachian tube function, is limited by drawbacks such as inconsistent pressure increases in the nasal cavity. Thus we introduced the “Popper test,” a tympanic membrane inflation test using the automatic middle ear inflation device known as middle ear inflation device (MEID), to explore its viability as an alternative to the Valsalva test.Subjects and Method We sampled 80 ears from patients between June 1, 2023, and August 1, 2023. Each patient underwent both the Valsalva and Popper tests using the MEID. Participants were divided into three categories: the “unable” group (patients who could not follow the Valsalva maneuver) and the “successful” and “unsuccessful” groups (patients whose attempts at the Valsalva or Popper tests either successed or failed). Success or failure was determined using an otoscope to assess the bulging of the tympanic membrane.Results Of the 68 ears with normal middle ear pressure, 30.9% (21 ears) showed an inability to perform the Valsalva test, 45.6% (31 ears) successfully inflated the tympanic membrane via the Valsalva test, and 23.5% (16 ears) failed. Conversely, the Popper test resulted in an 88.2% (60 ears) success rate for inflating the tympanic membrane, with only 11.8% (8 ears) failing.Conclusion Variability observed in the Valsalva test outcomes may be attributed to individual differences and the instructor’s technique. MEID, as utilized in the Popper test, offers a promising alternative to the Valsalva test, potentially enhancing the reliability by minimizing individual variation. However, the diagnostic performance may be dependent on the properties of the MEID.
SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL “PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF EMPLOYEES OF INSTITUTIONS AND BODIES OF THE PENAL ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM”
Authors: Shatokhina Larisa
Published: October 2024

The article examines the issues of formation, development and activity of the scientific school “Psychological and pedagogical support of employees of institutions and bodies of the penal system”, functioning at the Faculty of Psychology and Probation of the Academy of the FPS of Russia. It is noted that within the framework of the scientific school there are independent scientific schools (directions). The vectors of activity of their leaders and leading scientists are revealed, the role in training personnel for the penal enforcement system is indicated, attention is focused on the continuity of generations of scientists, the work of scientific laboratories and circles, the description of scientific and representative events held to popularize it.
Seçim Çevrelerine Milletvekili Bölüştürme Yöntemlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye için Model Önerileri
Authors: Yürük Seyfullah , Göksel Türkmen
Published: October 2024

Bu makale, Türkiye'de yürürlükte olan seçim çevrelerine milletvekili bölüştürme yönteminin demokratik temsil ilkeleriyle uyumunu analiz etmekte ve mevcut sistemin yarattığı temsil adaletsizliğini gidermek amacıyla alternatif modeller önermektedir. Türkiye'nin mevcut seçim sistemindeki seçim çevresi büyüklüklerini belirleyen dağıtım parametresi, nüfus değişikliklerini ve bölgesel dağılımları yeterince yansıtmamakta, bu da bazı bölgelerin aşkın veya eksik temsil edilmesine yol açmaktadır. Yazarlar, bu sorunları ele almak ve daha adil bir temsil sistemi oluşturmak için, Hamilton, Jefferson ve Webster metotları temelinde geliştirilen modifiye edilmiş dağıtım modellerini test etmektedir. Bu modellerin uygulanabilirliği, 2000’li yıllarda yapılan genel seçim verilerini kullanarak karşılaştırmalı bir analizle incelenmiş ve önerilen Hamilton ve Webster metotlarının, mevcut sistemle kıyaslandığında, nüfus oranlarına daha uygun, adil ve dengeli bir milletvekili dağılımı sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, seçim sistemlerinin ve dağıtım metodolojilerinin, demokratik sistemlerde temsil adaleti ve etkinliği üzerindeki önemli etkisini vurgulamakta ve Türkiye'de seçim sisteminin reforme edilmesi gerekliliğine dikkat çekmektedir. Makale, bu alanda daha fazla araştırma ve tartışmaya zemin hazırlayarak, demokratik temsilin güçlendirilmesine katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, seçim sistemleri ve milletvekili dağıtım yöntemlerinin, demokratik temsil üzerindeki etkilerini derinlemesine inceleyerek, temsil adaletini artırma potansiyeline sahip alternatifler sunmaktadır.
Functional composition and generalization of natural numbers by decomposition of semiring structure
Authors: Sebata Junya
Published: October 2024

In this paper we discover natural numbers in new algebraic object. The entity of the algebraic object which is seen as natural numbers is function, and from the functional composition we can have new generalization and analogs of natural numbers. From observation at the structure of them, we derive a combinatorial theorem which the addition and the multiplication of natural numbers satisfy, and we show that the theorem proves several important formulae in natural numbers.
Collatz theory
Authors: Mounir Khaled
Published: October 2024

"The paper explores a novel solution to the Collatz conjecture, presenting a new perspective that simplifies its understanding. The proposed method addresses key steps in the conjecture and provides a complete proof, which could have significant implications for number theory."
Developmental bias as a cause and consequence of adaptive radiation and divergence
Authors: Stansfield Corin , Parsons Kevin J.
Published: October 2024

Efforts to reconcile development and evolution have demonstrated that development is biased, with phenotypic variation being more readily produced in certain directions. However, how this “developmental bias” can influence micro- and macroevolution is poorly understood. In this review, we demonstrate that defining features of adaptive radiations suggest a role for developmental bias in driving adaptive divergence. These features are i) common ancestry of developmental systems; ii) rapid evolution along evolutionary “lines of least resistance;” iii) the subsequent repeated and parallel evolution of ecotypes; and iv) evolutionary change “led” by biased phenotypic plasticity upon exposure to novel environments. Drawing on empirical and theoretical data, we highlight the reciprocal relationship between development and selection as a key driver of evolutionary change, with development biasing what variation is exposed to selection, and selection acting to mold these biases to align with the adaptive landscape. Our central thesis is that developmental biases are both the causes and consequences of adaptive radiation and divergence. We argue throughout that incorporating development and developmental bias into our thinking can help to explain the exaggerated rate and scale of evolutionary processes that characterize adaptive radiations, and that this can be best achieved by using an eco-evo-devo framework incorporating evolutionary biology, development, and ecology. Such a research program would demonstrate that development is not merely a force that imposes constraints on evolution, but rather directs and is directed by evolutionary forces. We round out this review by highlighting key gaps in our understanding and suggest further research programs that can help to resolve these issues.
Roles of the Dbl family of RhoGEFs in mechanotransduction – a review
Authors: Ohashi Kazumasa , Kunitomi Aoi , Chiba Shuhei , Mizuno Kensaku
Published: October 2024

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) comprise a wide range of proteins with a common domain responsible for the activation of the Rho family of small GTPases and various domains in other regions. The evolutionary divergence of RhoGEFs enables actin cytoskeletal reorganization, leading to complex cellular responses in higher organisms. In this review, we address the involvement of RhoGEFs in the mechanical stress response of mammalian cells. The cellular mechanical stress response is essential for the proper and orderly regulation of cell populations, including the maintenance of homeostasis, tissue morphogenesis, and adaptation to the mechanical environment. In particular, this review focuses on the recent findings regarding the Dbl family of RhoGEFs involved in mechanical stress responses at the cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion sites, and their molecular mechanisms underlying actin cytoskeleton remodeling and signal transduction.
Consistency in verbal expression of death row criminals: concluding life with emotions
Authors: Mehra Vaibhav , Shukla Unmesh , Aggarwal Nitisha , Pundir Amit , Saxena Geetika Jain , Singh Sanjeev
Published: October 2024

Introduction

There is a lack of both data and, more significantly, computational analyses of the linguistic behavior near an individual's final moments of life. The present study is aimed to reduce human bias and save time in psycholinguistic studies by providing data-backed insights.

Methods

A novel machine learning based pipeline proposed, using elements of semantic similarity (BERT and transformers) and emotion extraction in collaboration, to analyze the final statements of death row inmates to understand the consistency in their verbal expression moments before their death. A new method of analysis was proposed in this study to explore the notions inherent in the statements. A large database of 466 final statements from death row inmates in Texas was utilized in this study. Manual notion analysis was validated by a computational method of notion inferencing.

Results

Basic emotions of Anger and Fear majorly dominated the statements, constituting 54% of the whole, while 21% of all statements were of emotional states of Happiness and Serenity.

Discussion

The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to psychological analyses of humans, moments before death, and provide insights to criminology researchers to formulate better strategies of rehabilitation and debate the death penalty.
Metal-antimicrobial peptides combo: promising weapons to combat bacteria invaders
Authors: Falcigno Lucia , Braccia Simone , Bellavita Rosa , D’Auria Gabriella , Falanga Annarita , Galdiero Stefania
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial resistance has significantly increased over the last 30 years, prompting scientists to continuously look for novel, effective ways to combat drug-resistant bacteria and fungi. Due to their broad range of effectiveness, ease of synthesis, and ability to avoid resistance, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a potential approach. The direct investigation of metal effects on peptide activity has not received much attention. Divalent metal ions such as Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Fe(II) do, in fact, influence some AMPs, producing an effect on their mode of action or function. Although the precise process by which metals are involved in microbial death is not well understood, this review goes into detail on several potential strategies to enhance AMPs activity through the synergy with metals. Important variables in these interactions include the individual peptide sequence, the type of metal ion, the capacity of metal to form chelates, and the softness of the ligand/metal complex. This article offers a thorough summary of the ways in which metal ions alter the structure of AMPs to boost their activity or sequester metal to impact on bacteria function.
Impacts of a marine engineering project on hydrodynamics and diffusion characteristics of fluvial pollutants in Laizhou Bay, China
Authors: Wang Zhanjin , Bao Rui , Wang Weizhong , Li Wanhua , Leng Xing , Liang Jinhui , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The rapid advances in marine engineering projects are exacerbating environmental pressures on bay ecosystems. This study utilized the MIKE 21 model to evaluate the impacts of such projects in Laizhou Bay (LZB) on hydrodynamic conditions and the spread of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) from riverine inputs.

Results

The results indicated an expansion of 80.77 km2 in areas with DIN concentrations surpassing 0.5 mg/L 2 months after input from the Yellow River, with increased levels in the southern Yellow River Delta. Decreased flow velocities adjacent to the wave barriers at the Xiaoqing River estuary impeded lateral DIN dispersion, resulting in a 0.93 mg/L increase in DIN concentrations at the river mouth. After the construction of marine engineering projects (2020), significant alterations in the coastline of LZB have markedly modified hydrodynamic characteristics near marine structures, altering DIN dispersion patterns.

Conclusion

This study provides crucial information for the management of pollutants at estuaries, understanding dispersion mechanisms, and evaluating the feasibility and environmental compatibility of marine engineering projects.
An adolescent girl with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion preceding the diagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma – a case report
Authors: Sasidharan Pillai Sabitha , Boxerman Jerrold L. , Groblewski Jan C. , DeNardo Bradley D. , Faizan Mohammed K. , Topor Lisa Swartz , Robilliard Renee , Serrano-Gonzalez Monica
Published: October 2024

Objectives

We present an adolescent in whom olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) was detected on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 2.5 years after SIADH diagnosis. Our case contrasts prior pediatric reports in which ONB and SIADH were diagnosed concurrently.

Case presentation

A previously healthy 13-year-old girl was found to have SIADH during evaluation for restrictive eating. Work-up ruled out adrenal, thyroid and paraneoplastic causes, diuretic use, and vasopressin receptor and aquaporin channel mutations. Brain MRI was normal except for paranasal sinus (PNS) inflammatory changes to the left fronto-maxillary sinuses and frontoethmoidal recess. The sodium levels normalized with fluid restriction (800-900 ml/m2/day). Multiple repeated attempts to liberalize fluid intake resulted in recurrent hyponatremia. Follow-up brain MRIs 4 and 11 months after the initial presentation showed persistent PNS inflammatory changes. A subsequent brain MRI 31 months after initial presentation demonstrated a lesion in the left frontoethmoidal recess extending into the left nasal cavity and biopsy showed low grade ONB. The patient underwent surgery with normalization of serum sodium on liberalized fluid intake. Seven days after surgery, she had recurrence of SIADH, and brain MRI showed remnant of the ONB at the fovea ethmoidalis. She completed adjuvant radiotherapy though her SIADH persisted.

Conclusions

Our case highlights the importance of considering ONB in the evaluation of children with SIADH. Idiopathic SIADH is rare in children and if no cause is identified, computed tomography of sinuses and nasal endoscopy should be considered earlier in the work-up of these patients, particularly in the absence of sinus symptoms.
Experimental study on dynamic response performance of hydrogen sensor in confined space under ceiling
Authors: He Qize , Kong Fanyue , Sun Rong , Li Ruilin , Yang Juntao , Min Qizhong
Published: October 2024

With the advancement of Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs), detecting hydrogen leaks is critically important in facilities such as hydrogen refilling stations. Despite its significance, the dynamic response performance of hydrogen sensors in confined spaces, particularly under ceilings, has not been comprehensively assessed. This study utilizes a catalytic combustion hydrogen sensor to monitor hydrogen leaks in a confined area. It examines the effects of leak size and placement height on the distribution of hydrogen concentrations beneath the ceiling. Results indicate that hydrogen concentration rapidly decreases within a 0.5–1.0 m range below the ceiling and declines more gradually from 1.0 to 2.0 m. The study further explores the attenuation pattern of hydrogen concentration radially from the hydrogen jet under the ceiling. By normalizing the radius and concentration, it was determined that the distribution conforms to a Gaussian model, akin to that observed in open space jet flows. Utilizing this Gaussian assumption, the model is refined by incorporating an impact reflux term, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the predictive formula.
Exopeptidase combination enhances the degradation of isotopically labelled gluten immunogenic peptides in humans
Authors: Mourabit Sulayman , Römer Sarah , Bonner Erin R. , Winter Fabian , Tschollar Julian , Tzvetkov Mladen V. , Weitschies Werner , Engeli Stefan , Tschollar Werner
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Celiac disease is a common autoimmune-like enteropathy caused by an aberrant response to incompletely digested dietary gluten. Gluten immunogenic peptides including the immunodominant 33-mer are thought to be resistant to proteolytic digestion by human gastrointestinal peptidases. We developed a novel enzyme therapy approach to support gluten peptide digestion using a combination of two tandem-acting exopeptidases, AMYNOPEP, that complement the intrinsic enzymatic activity of intestinal brush border enterocytes.

Methods

We evaluated the effects of AMYNOPEP supplementation on 33-mer degradation in vitro and in vivo. In a cross-over clinical study, healthy volunteers with no gastrointestinal disorders were given stable isotope (SI) labelled 33-mer peptides in the presence of varying peptide substrates and caloric loads, with and without AMYNOPEP. 33-mer degradation products (SI-labelled single amino acids) were measured in the blood plasma using LC-MS/MS.

Results

AMYNOPEP achieved rapid, complete amino-to-carboxyl terminal degradation of the 33-mer in vitro, generating single amino acids and dipeptides. In healthy volunteers, AMYNOPEP supplementation significantly increased 33-mer degradation and absorption of SI-labelled amino acids even in the presence of competing substrates. Specifically, we observed a 2.8-fold increase in the Cmax of stable isotope-labelled amino acids in the presence of wheat gluten. The absorption kinetics of labelled amino acids derived from 33-mer digestion with AMYNOPEP closely resembled that of SI-labelled X-Proline dipeptides administered without enzyme supplementation, highlighting the rapid hydrolytic activity of AMYNOPEP on polypeptides.

Conclusions

AMYNOPEP achieved complete degradation of the 33-mer into single amino acids and dipeptides in vitro and significantly improved 33-mer degradation kinetics in healthy volunteers, as measured by labelled amino acid detection, warranting further investigation into the potential therapeutic benefits of exopeptidase combinations for patients with gluten-related health disorders including celiac disease.
Efficacy and safety of natural killer cell therapy in patients with solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Park Heesook , Kim Gyurin , Kim Najin , Ha Sungyoen , Yim Hyeonwoo
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In 2020, global cancer statistics reported 19.3 million new cases and 10 million deaths annually, highlighting the urgent need for effective treatments. Current therapies, such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, have limitations in comprehensively addressing solid tumor. Recent advances in cancer biology and immuno-oncology, including CAR-T cell therapy, show promise but face efficacy challenges against solid tumors.

Methods

This meta-analysis systematically reviewed studies from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases up to May 2024 to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of unmodified NK cell therapies in solid tumors. The included trials focused on reporting objective response rates (ORR).

Results

Thirty-one trials involving 600 patients across various cancers (e.g., NSCLC, HCC, breast, ovarian) were analyzed. NK cell therapies demonstrated promising ORRs, particularly 72.3% in hepatocellular carcinoma, often in combination with local therapies. Safety profiles were favorable, with fatigue being the most common adverse event.

Discussion

NK cell therapies represent a promising treatment option for solid tumors, offering a viable alternative to genetically modified cell therapies like CAR-T. Further research is needed to optimize the clinical utility of NK cell therapy and integrate it effectively into standard cancer treatment regimens.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023438410, identifier CRD42023438410.
Fatty acid metabolism prognostic signature predicts tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy, and identifies tumorigenic role of MOGAT2 in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fu Denggang , Zhang Biyu , Fan Wenyan , Zeng Fanfan , Feng Jueping , Wang Xin
Published: October 2024

Background

Aberrant fatty acid metabolism (FAM) plays a critical role in the tumorigenesis of human malignancies. However, studies on its impact in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are limited.

Methods

We developed a prognostic signature comprising 10 FAM-related genes (GPR115, SOAT2, CDH17, MOGAT2, COL11A1, TCN1, LGR5, SLC34A2, RHOV, and DKK1) using data from LUAD patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). This signature was validated using six independent LUAD datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Patients were classified into high- and low-risk groups, and overall survival (OS) was compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The signature’s independence as a prognostic indicator was assessed after adjusting for clinicopathological features. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis validated the signature. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) was analyzed using ESTIMATE and multiple deconvolution algorithms. Functional assays, including CCK8, cell cycle, apoptosis, transwell, and wound healing assays, were performed on MOGAT2-silenced H1299 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.

Results

Low-risk group patients exhibited decreased OS. The signature was an independent prognostic indicator and demonstrated strong risk-stratification utility for disease relapse/progression. ROC analysis confirmed the signature’s validity across validation sets. TIME analysis revealed higher infiltration of CD8+ T cells, natural killers, and B cells, and lower tumor purity, stemness index, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) in low-risk patients. These patients also showed elevated T cell receptor richness and diversity, along with reduced immune cell senescence. High-risk patients exhibited enrichment in pathways related to resistance to immune checkpoint blockades, such as DNA repair, hypoxia, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and the G2M checkpoint. LUAD patients receiving anti-PD-1 treatment had lower risk scores among responders compared to non-responders. MOGAT2 was expressed at higher levels in low-risk LUAD patients. Functional assays revealed that MOGAT2 knockdown in H1299 cells promoted proliferation and migration, induced G2 cell cycle arrest, and decreased apoptosis.

Conclusions

This FAM-related gene signature provides a valuable tool for prognostic stratification and monitoring of TIME and immunotherapy responses in LUAD. MOGAT2 is identified as a potential anti-tumor regulator, offering new insights into its role in LUAD pathogenesis.
The immunological and prognostic significance of the diabetes mellitus-related gene WFS1 in endometrial cancer
Authors: Li Wenzhe , Ke Da , Xu Yi , Wang Ya , Wang Qian , Tan Jie , Wu Hongyan , Cheng Xianglin
Published: October 2024

Background

Diabetes is associated with the incidence and prognosis of various malignancies, most notably endometrial cancer (EC). This study investigated the connection between diabetes and EC, with a specific focus on elucidating the biological implications of the diabetes mellitus (DM)-related gene WFS1.

Methods

Using the CTD, GeneCards, and GSEA databases, we identified WFS1 as a diabetes-related gene and then conducted an extensive investigation focusing on WFS1 in the context of EC. First, we identified WFS1 as the target gene and obtained EC data from the TCGA database. Then, comprehensive analyses and verification experiments, including differential expression analysis, prognostic modeling, functional enrichment analysis, gene mutation profiling, assessment of immune cell infiltration, immunophenoscore (IPS), tumor stemness index scoring, drug sensitivity analysis, single-cell transcriptomic analysis, glycolytic pathway analysis, and clinical verification, were performed to comprehensively evaluate the clinical value of WFS1 in EC.

Results

The EC group had significantly lower WFS1 expression, with an AUC of 0.857 for the ROC diagnostic curve. Overall survival analysis revealed that WFS1 was an independent risk factor for EC; low WFS1 expression was correlated with a poor prognosis. Stemness index analysis revealed that decreased WFS1 expression was associated with increased tumor grade and enhanced tumor stemness, suggesting increased malignancy of EC. In addition, WFS1 expression was correlated with tumor microenvironment features such as immune cell infiltration. WFS1 was also associated with tumor drug resistance.

Conclusion

EC patients with low WFS1 expression have a worse prognosis. WFS1 can be used as diagnostic and prognostic marker for EC.
Qualification of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of anti-Vi IgG in human sera
Authors: Carducci Martina , Massai Luisa , Lari Elisa , Semplici Bianca , Aruta Maria Grazia , De Simone Daniele , Piu Pietro , Montomoli Emanuele , Berlanda Scorza Francesco , Grappi Silvia , Iturriza-Gómara Miren , Canals Rocio , Rondini Simona , Rossi Omar
Published: October 2024

Effective vaccines against Salmonella Typhi, targeting the Vi capsular polysaccharide, have been developed and are being introduced into routine immunization in endemic countries. Vi conjugated vaccines are also being tested in new multi-component vaccine formulations. Simple, high-throughput and cost-effective assays to quantify Vi-specific IgG in clinical sera are needed. In this study we present the development and qualification of a new anti-Vi ELISA with continuous readout, which expresses results as ELISA Unit/mL (EU/mL). We have qualified the assay in terms of precision, linearity and specificity, demonstrating performance in line with a commercially available anti-Vi ELISA. We have also calibrated the assay against the 16/138 anti-Vi international standard and established conversion factor between EU/mL and international units/mL, to allow comparability of results across studies. In summary, this new assay met all the suitability criteria and is being used to evaluate anti-Vi responses in clinical studies.
Effects of varied inundation characteristics on early life stages of a salt marsh plant
Authors: Wang Qing , Luo Meng , Cui Baoshan , Chen Cong , Xie Tian , Li Xia , Lu Feng
Published: October 2024

Tidal inundation is a major stress in salt marshes that regulates the patterns of plant distribution and the associated functions provided by vegetation communities. Usually, frequency is used to represent inundation intensity and can be estimated using elevation. However, frequency is only a statistical indicator of tidal inundation conditions during a given period, which ignores many details of tidal inundation characteristics based on a single tidal event. On the scale of a single tidal event, duration and water depth are important characteristics for describing inundation conditions, which vary along the elevation gradient. The frequency of tidal events of a specific duration and water depth also varied. To unravel the impact of varied inundation characteristics on the key life stages of a foundation plant, we designed an experiment with varied inundation treatments of different frequencies, durations, and depths. Our results showed that the frequency, duration, and depth of inundation events significantly influenced seed emergence, seedling survival, and growth. Stress can be strengthened by a higher frequency with a longer duration and larger depth. Among these factors, frequency had a dominant impact, followed by duration and water depth. Specifically, there is a trade-off between frequency, duration, and depth, suggesting that an inundation event with shallower depth and/or shorter duration would reduce the stress from higher frequency. The findings fill a gap in the loss of details of varied inundation characteristics on plant establishment on a fine scale. Further, it will help explicit inundation stress more accurately and clearly and provide important implications for stress relief solutions in coastal ecological restoration.
Analysis of factors affecting the accuracy of colposcopic diagnosis of cervical lesions: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chu Yuqing , Chen Qi , Liu Ruixue , Zhou Xu , Bao Meijing , Wang Hong , Lin Yang
Published: October 2024

Background

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. However, in developing countries, the primary focus for cervical cancer prevention and control remains on the timely detection and treatment of precancerous lesions. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of colposcopic diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial lesions and analyze the factors influencing its accuracy.

Methods

This study collected data from 512 eligible patients who visited the gynecology outpatient clinic of the Second Hospital of Jilin University from January 2022 to August 2023. The final diagnosis was based on the highest grade observed in both biopsy pathology and postoperative pathology. A self-controlled, retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of colposcopic diagnosis. Univariate analysis was used to assess the impact of factors such as menopausal status, duration of menopause, high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes, and transformation zone (TZ) types on the accuracy of colposcopic diagnosis of cervical lesions.

Result

The overall colposcopy diagnostic concordance rate was 78.71%. The concordance rates between the premenopausal and postmenopausal groups differed significantly (χ2 = 75.450, p < 0.05). The HPV16/18 positive group and the non 16/18 HR-HPV positive group also showed a significant difference in concordance rates (χ2 = 5.890, p < 0.05). There were significant differences in concordance rates between TZ2 and TZ3 (χ2 = 10.585, p < 0.05), as well as between TZ1 and TZ3 (χ2 = 14.607, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Factors such as menopausal status, duration of menopause, HR-HPV genotypes, and TZ types influence the accuracy of colposcopic diagnosis. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation incorporating these factors should be performed in clinical practice to enhance diagnostic accuracy.
Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: bibliometric analysis of the top 100 cited literature
Authors: Zhao Weijie , Shao Xinxin , Wang Ziyue , Mi Chuanhao , Wang Yu , Qi Xianghua , Ding Xiao
Published: October 2024

Background

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been widely applied and accepted in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Despite numerous studies exploring the effects of DBS on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and the treatment of advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD), there is a limited number of articles summarizing this research. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current trends, hot topics, and potential in research surrounding DBS therapy for PD, as well as to anticipate the challenges of such research.

Methods

We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC) for DBS research literature related to PD published from January 2014 to January 2024, utilized CiteSpace, VOS viewer, the bibliometric online analysis platform, Scimago Graphica, Microsoft Excel 2021, and R software version 4.2.3 for data analysis. And we conducted quantitative research on publications, citations, journals, authors, countries, institutions, keywords, and references, visualized the results in network graphs.

Results

From 2014 to 2024, papers from 39 journals from 11 countries were among the top 100 cited. Most papers were published in Neurology, with the highest average citations per paper in Nature Neuroscience. The United States (US) contributed the most publications, followed by the United Kingdom (UK) and Germany. In terms of total publications, University College London (UCL) contributed the most papers. The primary classifications of articles were Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences, and Surgery. The top five keywords were subthalamic nucleus, DBS, PD, medical therapy, and basal ganglia. Cluster analysis indicates that DBS research focus on improving quality of life and applying computational models.

Conclusion

Through bibliometric analysis, researchers could quickly and clearly understand the hotspots and boundaries of their research field, thus guiding their research direction and scope to improve research efficiency and the quality of outcomes. Although studies indicate that DBS is currently a crucial method for treating advanced PD, in the long run, creating a personalized, low-cost treatment regimen with precise targeting and long-term efficacy poses a challenge.