bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COHESION POLICY INSTRUMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF CREATION
OF PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTIONS OF RURALS AREAS
Authors: Bańkowska Katarzyna
Published: January 2018

The article provides a synthetic summary of the analysis of the Regional Operational Programs (ROPs)
in terms of the possibility of using cohesion policy funds to create or maintain environmentally friendly
rural functions. The aim of the study was to track the availability of cohesion policy funds dedicated to
environmental protection at voivodship level in rural areas. The spatial scope of the analysis concerned
16 voivodships. The ROPs documents for the 2014-2020 budget perspective, valid in the summer of 2017
were analyzed. The level of allocation of funds, details on the selection of projects and beneficiaries,
including preferences for rural areas, were assessed. The declared allocation of resources to support the
environmental performance of rural areas can be assessed as relatively high. The detailed provisions of the
program documents, however, indicate the limited practical availability of these funds for non-urban areas.
INNOVATION OF THE RURAL TOURISM AND AGRITURISM
Authors: Brelik Agnieszka
Published: January 2018

On the present stage of development of agritourism and rural tourism obvious there is a statement,
that the phenomenon of electro-mobility can be the key to development and innovativeness. That
suggestion is explained identically by pre-conditions of economic as well as organizational nature. How
it is everywhere known, electric transport tourist vehicles find each time this more wide application in all
well-known forms and types of tourism. Their ecological character of exploitation finds the direct measuring
in the increase of tourist attractiveness of these regions in that those transport vehicles found the
practical application. In connection with the above-mentioned the process of electrification of the Polish
agritourism and rural tourism probably deserves more wide discussion in the context of that promotes
through the government of Poland of Plan of Development of Electromobility, that must also hug the
distance rural spaces. In the present chapter an attempt was made indicated issues electromobility, as of
key to the development of both the innovation of the farm tourism and the country tourist. Keeping an eye
on formal existing restrictions and desired perspective directions of changes is an aim of deliberations,
what in the future to conduct innovations perhaps for understanding the being of the influence of the
phenomenon of the electromobility on the height in this sector of tourist services.
ATTITUDES AND OPINIONS OF VINEYARD OWNERS IN POLAND
ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND RELATIONS WITH THE BUSINESS
AND INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Knap Radosław , Prus Piotr
Published: January 2018

The aim of the article was to familiarize with the opinions of vineyard owners regarding selected elements of
sustainable development of rural areas. The focus was on diagnosing respondents’ opinions regarding the protection of the
natural environment and relations with the social and institutional environment. Collecting empirical data, the method of
a diagnostic survey was used, which was carried out in 2017 on a group of 73 respondents. Most of the examined vineyard
owners showed interest in the state of the natural environment, employed local employees and bought products from local
entrepreneurs, offered touristic services and promoted the natural values of the region. These activities go in line with the
concept of sustainable development of rural areas, contribute to the protection of natural, cultural and landscape values,
as well as to the development of local markets.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BANKING UNION FOR THE STABILITY
OF THE FINANCIAL SECTOR IN THE EURO AREA
Authors: Kołodziej Elżbieta
Published: January 2018

The research goal of this study is to assess the significance of the banking union for the stability of the financial sector
in the euro area. A review of available literature, legal acts and the analysis of statistical data relevant to the research
objective of the work turned out to be necessary to prepare the work. The financial crisis that began in 2007 had its source in
the deregulation of financial markets, the lack of legal framework for supervisory institutions and inadequately functioning
market information system. Public aid for banks in the EU within 5 years (2008-2012) amounted to nearly EUR 4 trillion. The
majority of public aid (75%) was addressed to euro area banks. The largest amounts of public aid were directed to support
banking systems in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Germany and Spain. In the case of Ireland, this led to almost bankruptcy.
The crisis has led to changes in the approach to the security of the financial sector including the banking sector of countries
belonging to the euro area. The most important project implemented in response to the financial crisis is the banking union.
The banking union is based on three pillars: the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM),
the Single Deposit Guarantee Scheme (SDGS).
ANIMAL WELFARE AS A PUBLIC GOOD IN POLISH OPINION
Authors: Małażewska Sylwia , Gajos Edyta
Published: January 2018

The topic of public goods in agriculture has become a very important and widely discussed subject in recent years. The demand for public goods generated by agriculture results from the expectations of the whole society, and the goods themselves are considered as a part of public health. Accordingly, in this study an attempt was made to determine the importance of animal welfare, as an example of the public goods generated by agriculture, to the Polish citizens and its determinants. Empirical studies were conducted in the second quarter of 2017 on a representative sample of 500 Polish citizens. It was found that people in Poland generally rate animal welfare very highly (average score 88.43 on a scale of 0-100) and that there is a statistical difference in the assessment of the importance of animal welfare on grounds of interest in healthy food, the number of people in the household and sensitivity to the beauty of nature. Additionally, factors determining the importance of animal welfare include: consuming organic food, interest in culture, interest in fashion, sex, age and smoking.
A escola na perspectiva da educação integral
Authors: Sônego Fabricia , Gama Maria Eliza Rosa
Published: January 2018

Neste artigo apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre a educação integral e a organização do trabalho escolar. Objetiva-se compreender a constituição da escola como instituição de ensino, relacionando-a à educação integral. A partir da abordagem qualitativa constatou-se que a escola que se apresenta na atualidade preserva muitas características trazidas ao longo de sua constituição, porém essas características não impedem a organização da escola de educação integral. Uma vez que essa se constitui pelas pessoas que fazem parte de sua dinâmica, a escola de educação integral se concretiza pelo trabalho coletivo da equipe diretiva, dos professores, dos funcionários, dos alunos, dos pais e da comunidade.Palavras-chave: escola; forma escolar; educação integral.
Estágio de docência orientada na Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio Professora Maria Rocha, Santa Maria/RS
Authors: Schmitt Janaína de Arruda Carilo , Souza Lubia Telma Garcia Wustrow
Published: January 2018

Por meio deste texto apresenta-se o relato das atividades desenvolvidas no estágio de docência vinculado ao Programa de Formação de Professores para Educação Profissional e Tecnológica - PEG/UFSM -, o qual foi realizado na Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio Professora Maria Rocha, nos cursos técnicos de Contabilidade e Secretariado, nas disciplinas de Organização e Técnicas Comerciais e Psicologia. O estágio de docência foi o primeiro exercício da prática profissional em que houve momentos de ansiedade na preparação das aulas, estudo sobre os conteúdos que deveriam ser trabalhados com os alunos e a constante preocupação em propor metodologias inovadoras no processo de ensino. Destacam-se reflexões acerca da prática docente, em especial relacionadas com os pontos positivos e negativos, dificuldades, desafios e contribuições da experiência de inserção profissional.
O diretor de escola pública municipal frente às atribuições da gestão administrativa
Authors: Leal Ione Oliveira Jatobá , Novaes Ivan Luiz
Published: January 2018

Este artigo decorre de uma pesquisa sobre a percepção dos diretores acerca da gestão em escolas municipais de Jacobina/Bahia. Teve como objetivo analisar como os diretores percebem as atribuições da gestão administrativa que lhes são demandadas para desenvolver a gestão. Utilizamos como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário e como método um estudo de caso, que faz uso de variáveis predominantemente ordinais, decorrentes da aplicação de escala tipo Likert. Concluímos que a maioria dos diretores está sobrecarregado com ações administrativas, o que impacta negativamente sobre outras atividades da gestão.Palavras-chave: gestão em escola pública; atribuições do diretor; gestão administrativa.
Apresentação
Authors: Quadros Claudemir de
Published: January 2018

Apresentação do n. 14 da Regae.
Aplicación grupal del Protocolo Unificado para el tratamiento transdiagnóstico de los trastornos emocionales en población argentina
Authors: Grill Silvina S. , Castañeiras Claudia Elena , Fasciglione M. Paola
Published: January 2018

Abstract: Group application of the Unified Protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in an Argentine population. The aim of this non-control trial was to analyze the effectiveness of Barlow's Unified Protocol (2011) group application in adult patients with emotional disorders of the anxious-depressive spectrum. This trial study was based on a no-control-group design that included pre- and post-treatment measures. The intervention was performed with 23 patients who met diagnostic criteria for panic attack, agoraphobia, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, unspecified anxiety disorder and major depression and attended an average of 14 sessions. The results showed a significant reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression, and of the difficulties in the emotional regulation in the patients, also an increase of positive emotions, personal strength and functional improvement. These data provide evidence on the effectiveness of the transdiagnostic approach for emotional disorders in Argentina.Resumen: El objetivo de este ensayo no controlado fue analizar la efectividad de la aplicación en formato grupal del Protocolo Unificado de Barlow et al. (2011) a pacientes adultos con trastornos emocionales del espectro ansioso-depresivo. Este ensayo clínico se basó en un diseño sin grupo control que incluyó medidas pre y post-tratamiento. La intervención se realizó con 23 pacientes que cumplieron criterios diagnósticos de diversos trastornos incluyendo ataque de pánico, agorafobia, fobia social, trastorno de ansiedad generalizada, trastorno de ansiedad no especificado y depresión mayor y que asistieron a un promedio de 14 sesiones. Los resultados mostraron una reducción significativa de los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión y de las dificultades en la regulación emocional en los pacientes así como un aumento de las emociones positivas, la fortaleza personal y mejoría funcional. Estos datos aportan evidencia sobre la efectividad del abordaje transdiagnóstico para trastornos emocionales en Argentina.
Información sobre los índices métricos de la Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica [Information about the metrics of the Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica]
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: January 2018

Información sobre los índices métricos de la Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica [Information about the metrics of the Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica]
Open access levels: a quantitative exploration using Web of Science and oaDOI data
Authors: Bosman Jeroen , Kramer Bianca
Published: January 2018

Across the world there is growing interest in open access publishing among researchers, institutions, funders and publishers alike. It is assumed that open access levels are growing, but hitherto the exact levels and patterns of open access have been hard to determine and detailed quantitative studies are scarce. Using newly available open access status data from oaDOI in Web of Science we are now able to explore year-on-year open access levels across research fields, languages, countries, institutions, funders and topics, and try to relate the resulting patterns to disciplinary, national and institutional contexts. With data from the oaDOI API we also look at the detailed breakdown of open access by types of gold open access (pure gold, hybrid and bronze), using universities in the Netherlands as an example. There is huge diversity in open access levels on all dimensions, with unexpected levels for e.g. Portuguese as language, Astronomy & Astrophysics as research field, countries like Tanzania, Peru and Latvia, and Zika as topic. We explore methodological issues and offer suggestions to improve conditions for tracking open access status of research output. Finally, we suggest potential future applications for research and policy development. We have shared all data and code openly.
A novel enediyne‐integrated antibody–drug conjugate shows promising antitumor efficacy against CD30+ lymphomas
Authors: Wang Rong , Li Liang , Zhang Shenghua , Li Yi , Wang Xiaofei , Miao Qingfang , Zhen Yongsu
Published: January 2018

CD30 is a 120‐kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Overexpression of CD30 has been reported in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (ALCL). CD30‐targeted treatment with antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) can lead to promising clinical benefit. Lidamycin (LDM), consisting of an apoprotein LDP and an active enediyne chromophore AE, is a member of the enediyne antibiotic family and one of the most potent antitumor agents. AE and LDP can be dissociated and reconstituted under certain conditions in vitro. LDM is an ideal payload for the preparation of ADCs. In this study, we show the generation, production, and antitumor activity of anti‐CD30‐LDM, a novel ADC which consists of the intact anti‐CD30 antibody and LDM. First, the anti‐CD30‐LDP fusion protein was constructed and expressed in CHO/dhFr− cells. Anti‐CD30‐LDP showed specific and high‐affinity binding to CD30 and could be internalized into target cells. It also exhibited excellent tumor‐targeting capability in vivo. Next, anti‐CD30‐LDM was prepared by assembling the enediyne molecule AE to the fusion protein anti‐CD30‐LDP. Anti‐CD30‐LDM was highly cytotoxic to HL and ALCL cell lines, with IC50 values of 5–50 pm. It can also induce cell apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. In the Karpas299 xenograft model, the tumor growth was inhibited by 87.76% in mice treated with anti‐CD30‐LDM and with no discernible adverse effects. Taken together, anti‐CD30‐LDM shows attractive tumor‐targeting capability and antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo and could be a promising candidate for the treatment of CD30+ lymphomas.
Characterization of a FOXG1:TLE1 transcriptional network in glioblastoma‐initiating cells
Authors: Dali Rola , Verginelli Federica , Pramatarova Albena , Sladek Robert , Stifani Stefano
Published: January 2018

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly malignant brain cancer of glial cell origin, with a median patient survival of less than 20 months. Transcription factors FOXG1 and TLE1 promote GBM propagation by supporting maintenance of brain tumour‐initiating cells (BTICs) with stem‐like properties. Here, we characterize FOXG1 and TLE1 target genes in GBM patient‐derived BTICs using ChIP‐Seq and RNA‐Seq approaches. These studies identify 150 direct FOXG1 targets, several of which are also TLE1 targets, involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, chemotaxis and angiogenesis. Negative regulators of NOTCH signalling, including CHAC1, are among the transcriptional repression targets of FOXG1:TLE1 complexes, suggesting a crosstalk between FOXG1:TLE1 and NOTCH‐mediated pathways in GBM. These results provide previously unavailable insight into the transcriptional programs underlying the tumour‐promoting functions of FOXG1:TLE1 in GBM.
Quantifying the Limitation to World Cereal Production Due To Soil Phosphorus Status
Authors: Kvakić Marko , Pellerin Sylvain , Ciais Philippe , Achat David L. , Augusto Laurent , Denoroy Pascal , Gerber James S. , Goll Daniel , Mollier Alain , Mueller Nathaniel D. , Wang Xuhui , Ringeval Bruno
Published: January 2018

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth. Low P availability in soils is likely to limit crop yields in many parts of the world, but this effect has never been quantified at the global scale by process‐based models. Here we attempt to estimate P limitation in three major cereals worldwide for the year 2000 by combining information on soil P distribution in croplands and a generic crop model, while accounting for the nature of soil‐plant P transport. As a global average, the diffusion‐limited soil P supply meets the crop's P demand corresponding to the climatic yield potential, due to the legacy soil P in highly fertilized areas. However, when focusing on the spatial distribution of P supply versus demand, we found strong limitation in regions like North and South America, Africa, and Eastern Europe. Averaged over grid cells where P supply is lower than demand, the global yield gap due to soil P is estimated at 22, 55, and 26% in winter wheat, maize, and rice. Assuming that a fraction (20%) of the annual P applied in fertilizers is directly available to the plant, the global P yield gap lowers by only 5–10%, underlying the importance of the existing soil P supply in sustaining crop yields. The study offers a base for exploring P limitation in crops worldwide but with certain limitations remaining. These could be better accounted for by describing the agricultural P cycle with a fully coupled and mechanistic soil‐crop model.
Crystallization and Disturbance Histories of Single Zircon Crystals From Hadean‐Eoarchean Acasta Gneisses Examined by LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb Traverses
Authors: Guitreau Martin , Mora Nicolas , Paquette Jean‐Louis
Published: January 2018

Zircon U‐Pb geochronology is a very robust dating method but the accuracy of determined ages can sometimes be compromised. This is because, as commonly observed, the U‐Pb isotope system can be reopened during the post‐crystallization evolution of a zircon. The present manuscript investigates the capability of traverses by LA‐ICP‐MS to identify zones of well‐preserved U‐Pb isotope systematics within zircon crystals. The data for the different zones can be used to construct internal Discordia lines that provide age information about crystallization and metamorphism of single zircon crystals. To test our approach, we analyzed zircons from three ca. 3.96 Ga Acasta gneisses. Results demonstrate that such a method allows retrieval of original crystallization age in most of the studied zircons, even in those that experienced ancient U‐Pb disturbances resulting in discordant U‐Pb data. It was also possible to estimate disturbance ages, though not as precisely as for the igneous crystallization, in many of the studied crystals.
Relativistic Electron Microburst Events: Modeling the Atmospheric Impact
Authors: Seppälä A. , Douma E. , Rodger C. J. , Verronen P. T. , Clilverd M. A. , Bortnik J.
Published: January 2018

Relativistic electron microbursts are short‐duration, high‐energy precipitation events that are an important loss mechanism for radiation belt particles. Previous work to estimate their atmospheric impacts found no significant changes in atmospheric chemistry. Recent research on microbursts revealed that both the fluxes and frequency of microbursts are much higher than previously thought. We test the seasonal range of atmospheric impacts using this latest microburst information as input forcing to the Sodankylä Ion and Neutral Chemistry model. A modeled 6 h microburst storm increased mesospheric HOx by 15–25%/800–1,200% (summer/winter) and NOx by 1,500–2,250%/80–120%. Together, these drive 7–12%/12–20% upper mesospheric ozone losses, with a further 10–12% longer‐term middle mesospheric loss during winter. Our results suggest that existing electron precipitation proxies, which do not yet take relativistic microburst energies into account, are likely missing a significant source of precipitation that contributes to atmospheric ozone balance.
Tailoring Meridional and Seasonal Radiative Forcing by Sulfate Aerosol Solar Geoengineering
Authors: Dai Z. , Weisenstein D. K. , Keith D. W.
Published: January 2018

We study the possibility of designing solar radiation management schemes to achieve a desired meridional radiative forcing (RF) profile using a two‐dimensional chemistry‐transport‐aerosol model. Varying SO2 or H2SO4 injection latitude, altitude, and season, we compute RF response functions for a broad range of possible injection schemes, finding that linear combinations of these injection cases can roughly achieve RF profiles that have been proposed to accomplish various climate objectives. Globally averaged RF normalized by the sulfur injection rate (the radiative efficacy) is largest for injections at high altitudes, near the equator, and using emission of H2SO4 vapor into an aircraft wake to produce accumulation‐mode particles. There is a trade‐off between radiative efficacy and control as temporal and spatial control is best achieved with injections at lower altitudes and higher latitudes. These results may inform studies using more realistic models that couple aerosol microphysics, chemistry, and stratospheric dynamics.
Urban Heat Island Over Delhi Punches Holes in Widespread Fog in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains
Authors: Gautam Ritesh , Singh Manoj K.
Published: January 2018

Persistent and widespread fog affects several densely populated and agriculturally fertile basins around the world. Dense and polluted fog is especially known to impact transportation, air quality, and public health. Here we report a striking observation of holes in fog over urban areas in satellite imagery. The extent of fog holes appear highly correlated with city populations in fog‐prevalent regions of Asia, Europe, and the United States. We find the highest frequency and largest extent of fog holes over Delhi along with suppressed fog fraction, amidst increased fog occurrence over the Indo‐Gangetic Plains, based on 17 years of satellite data (2000–2016). This apparent urban heat impact is characterized in sharp urban‐rural gradients in surface temperatures and fog thickness. Urban heating seems to have already amplified the long‐term fog decline in Europe and the United States and should be assessed over regions undergoing urban expansion including India, where no previous linkages are reported between urban heating and fog.
What Has Controlled the Poleward Migration of Annual Averaged Location of Tropical Cyclone Lifetime Maximum Intensity Over the Western North Pacific Since 1961?
Authors: Song Jinjie , Klotzbach Philip J.
Published: January 2018

The long‐term tendency of the average latitude at which tropical cyclones (TCs) reach their lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) over the western North Pacific (WNP) is investigated in this study. Despite the post‐1961 significant poleward shift in the annual mean LMI latitude, the migration rate is nonuniform on decadal timescales, having an insignificant trend and a significant increasing trend before and after 1980, respectively. Interdecadal fluctuations of TC genesis latitude (φG) as well as increases in latitudinal distance between genesis position and LMI location (Δφ) are both responsible for the observed LMI latitude trends. The former is linked to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), which favors TCs forming in the northwestern (southeastern) quadrant of the WNP in negative (positive) IPO phases. The latter primarily results from the continuous warming of WNP sea surface temperature, which further increases the maximum potential intensity and extends the region favorable for TC development to higher latitudes.
Crustal Structure and Evolution of the Eastern Himalayan Plate Boundary System, Northeast India
Authors: Mitra S. , Priestley K. F. , Borah Kajaljyoti , Gaur V. K.
Published: January 2018

We use data from 24 broadband seismographs located south of the Eastern Himalayan plate boundary system to investigate the crustal structure beneath Northeast India. P wave receiver function analysis reveals felsic continental crust beneath the Brahmaputra Valley, Shillong Plateau and Mikir Hills, and mafic thinned passive margin transitional crust (basement layer) beneath the Bengal Basin. Within the continental crust, the central Shillong Plateau and Mikir Hills have the thinnest crust (30 ± 2 km) with similar velocity structure, suggesting a unified origin and uplift history. North of the plateau and Mikir Hills the crustal thickness increases sharply by 8–10 km and is modeled by ∼30∘ north dipping Moho flexure. South of the plateau, across the ∼1 km topographic relief of the Dawki Fault, the crustal thickness increases abruptly by 12–13 km and is modeled by downfaulting of the plateau crust, overlain by 13–14 km thick sedimentary layer/rocks of the Bengal Basin. Farther south, beneath central Bengal Basin, the basement layer is thinner (20–22 km) and has higher Vs (∼4.1 km s−1) indicating a transitional crystalline crust, overlain by the thickest sedimentary layer/rocks (18–20 km). Our models suggest that the uplift of the Shillong Plateau occurred by thrust faulting on the reactivated Dawki Fault, a continent margin paleorift fault, and subsequent back thrusting on the south dipping Oldham Fault, in response to flexural loading of the Eastern Himalaya. Our estimated Dawki Fault offset combined with timing of surface uplift of the plateau reveals a reasonable match between long‐term uplift and convergence rate across the Dawki Fault with present‐day GPS velocities.
A Synthesis of Deglacial Deep‐Sea Radiocarbon Records and Their (In)Consistency With Modern Ocean Ventilation
Authors: Zhao Ning , Marchal Olivier , Keigwin Lloyd , Amrhein Daniel , Gebbie Geoffrey
Published: January 2018

We present a synthesis of 1,361 deep‐sea radiocarbon data spanning the past 40 kyr and computed (for 14C‐dated records) from the same calibration to atmospheric 14C. The most notable feature in our compilation is a long‐term Δ14C decline in deep oceanic basins over the past 25 kyr. The Δ14C decline mirrors the drop in reconstructed atmospheric Δ14C, suggesting that it may reflect a decrease in global 14C inventory rather than a redistribution of 14C among different reservoirs. Motivated by this observation, we explore the extent to which the deep water Δ14C data jointly require changes in basin‐scale ventilation during the last deglaciation, based on the fit of a 16‐box model of modern ocean ventilation to the deep water Δ14C records. We find that the fit residuals can largely be explained by data uncertainties and that the surface water Δ14C values producing the fit are within the bounds provided by contemporaneous values of atmospheric and deep water Δ14C. On the other hand, some of the surface Δ14C values in the northern North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean deviate from the values expected from atmospheric 14CO2 and CO2 concentrations during the Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Bølling‐Allerød. The possibility that deep water Δ14C records reflect some combination of changes in deep circulation and surface water reservoir ages cannot be ruled out and will need to be investigated with a more complete model.
Last Interglacial Hydroclimate Seasonality Reconstructed From Tropical Atlantic Corals
Authors: Brocas William M. , Felis Thomas , Gierz Paul , Lohmann Gerrit , Werner Martin , Obert J. Christina , Scholz Denis , Kölling Martin , Scheffers Sander R.
Published: January 2018

The seasonality of hydroclimate during past periods of warmer than modern global temperatures is a critical component for understanding future climate change scenarios. Although only partially analogous to these scenarios, the last interglacial (LIG, Marine Isotope Stage 5e, ~127–117 ka) is a popular test bed. We present coral δ18O monthly resolved records from multiple Bonaire (southern Caribbean) fossil corals (Diploria strigosa) that date to between 130 and 118 ka. These records represent up to 37 years and cover a total of 105 years, offering insights into the seasonality and characteristics of LIG tropical Atlantic hydroclimate. Our coral δ18O records and available coral Sr/Ca‐sea surface temperature (SST) records reveal new insights into the variable relationship between the seasonality of tropical Atlantic seawater δ18O (δ18Oseawater) and SST. Coral δ18O seasonality is found to covary with SST and insolation seasonality throughout the LIG, culminating in significantly higher than modern values at 124 and 126 ka. At 124 ka, we reconstruct a 2 month lead of the coral δ18O versus the Sr/Ca‐SST annual cycle and increased δ18Oseawater seasonality. A fully coupled climate model simulates a concomitant increase of southern Caribbean Sea summer precipitation and depletion of summer δ18Oseawater. LIG hydroclimate at Bonaire differed from today's semiarid climate with a minor rainy season during winter. Cumulatively, our coral δ18O, δ18Oseawater, and model findings indicate a mid‐LIG northward expansion of the South American Intertropical Convergence Zone into the southern Caribbean Sea, highlighting the importance of regional aspects within model and proxy reconstructions of LIG hydroclimate seasonality.
Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe Ionospheric Radio Occultation Measurements at High Latitudes: Receiver Bias Estimation and Comparison With Ground‐Based Observations
Authors: Watson C. , Langley R. B. , Themens D. R. , Yau A. W. , Howarth A. D. , Jayachandran P. T.
Published: January 2018

This paper presents validation of ionospheric Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation measurements of the GPS Attitude, Positioning, and Profiling Experiment occultation receiver (GAP‐O). GAP is one of eight instruments comprising the Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e‐POP) instrument suite on board the Cascade Smallsat and Ionospheric Polar Explorer (CASSIOPE) satellite. One of the main error sources for certain GAP‐O data products is the receiver differential code bias (rDCB). A minimization of standard deviations (MSD) technique has shown the most promise for rDCB estimation, with estimates ranging primarily from −40 to −28 total electron content units (TECU = 1016 el m−2; 21.6 to 15.1 ns), including a long‐term decrease in rDCB magnitude and variability over the first 3 years of instrument operation. In application of the MSD method, the sensitivity of bias estimates to ionospheric shell height are as large as 4.5 TECU per 100 km. MSD calculations also agree well with the “assumption of zero topside TEC” method for rDCB estimate at satellite apogee. Bias‐corrected topside TEC of GAP‐O was validated by statistical comparison with topside TEC obtained from ground‐based GPS TEC and ionosonde measurements. Although GAP‐O and ground‐based topside TEC had similar variability, GAP‐O consistently underestimated the ground‐derived topside TEC by up to 7 TECU. Ionospheric electron density profiles obtained from Abel inversion of GAP‐O occultation TEC showed good agreement with F region densities of ground‐based incoherent scatter radar measurements. Comparison of GAP‐O and ionosonde measurements revealed correlation coefficients of 0.78 and 0.79, for peak F region density and altitude, respectively.
Deposition of Suspended Clay to Open and Sand‐Filled Framework Gravel Beds in a Laboratory Flume
Authors: Mooneyham Christian , Strom Kyle
Published: January 2018

Pulses of fine sediment composed of sand, silt, and clay can be introduced to gravel bed rivers through runoff from burn‐impacted hillslopes, landslides, bank failure, or the introduction of reservoir sediment as a result of sluicing or dam decommissioning. Here we present a study aimed at quantifying exchange between suspensions of clay and gravel beds. The questions that motivate the work are: how do bed roughness and pore space characteristics, shear velocity (
), and initial concentration (C0) affect clay deposition on or within gravel beds? Where does deposition within these beds occur, and can deposited clay be resuspended while the gravel is immobile? We examine these questions in a laboratory flume using acrylic, open‐framework gravel, and armored sand‐gravel beds under conditions of varying
and C0. Deposition of clay occurred to all beds (even with Rouse numbers ∼ 0.01). We attribute deposition under full suspension conditions to be an outcome of localized protected zones where clay can settle and available pore space in the bed. For smooth wall cases, protection came from the viscous wall region and the development of bed forms; for the rough beds, protection came from separation zones and low‐velocity pore spaces. Bed porosity was the strongest influencer of nondimensional deposition rate; deposition increased with porosity. Deposition was inversely related to
for the acrylic bed runs; no influence of
was found for the porous bed runs. Increases in discharge resulted in resuspension of clay from acrylic beds; no resuspension was observed in the porous bed runs.
Hydrometric Data Rescue in the Paraná River Basin
Authors: Antico Andrés , Aguiar Ricardo O. , Amsler Mario L.
Published: January 2018

The Paraná River streamflow is the third largest in South America and the sixth largest in the world. Thus, preserving historical Paraná hydrometric data is relevant for understanding South American and global hydroclimate changes. In this work, we rescued paper format data of daily Paraná water level observations taken uninterruptedly at Rosario City, Argentina, from January 1875 to present. The rescue consisted of the following activities: (i) imaging and digitization of paper format data, (ii) application of quality checks and homogeneity tests to the digitized water levels, and (iii) consideration of errors caused by gauge sinkings that may have occurred from 1875 to 1908. In addition, a rating curve was obtained for Rosario and it was used to convert water levels into discharges. The rescued water level observations and their associated discharge data provide the longest (last 143 years) continuous hydrometric records of the Paraná basin. The usefulness of these records was demonstrated by showing that the Paraná‐Pacific Ocean links observed after 1900 in previous studies are also evidenced in our nineteenth‐century discharge data. That is, high Paraná discharges coincided with El Niño events and with El Niño‐like states of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), whereas low discharges coincided with La Niña events and with La Niña‐like IPO states.
Derivation of an Explicit Form of the Percolation‐Based Effective‐Medium Approximation for Thermal Conductivity of Partially Saturated Soils
Authors: Sadeghi Morteza , Ghanbarian Behzad , Horton Robert
Published: January 2018

Thermal conductivity is an essential component in multiphysics models and coupled simulation of heat transfer, fluid flow, and solute transport in porous media. In the literature, various empirical, semiempirical, and physical models were developed for thermal conductivity and its estimation in partially saturated soils. Recently, Ghanbarian and Daigle (GD) proposed a theoretical model, using the percolation‐based effective‐medium approximation, whose parameters are physically meaningful. The original GD model implicitly formulates thermal conductivity λ as a function of volumetric water content θ. For the sake of computational efficiency in numerical calculations, in this study, we derive an explicit λ(θ) form of the GD model. We also demonstrate that some well‐known empirical models, e.g., Chung‐Horton, widely applied in the HYDRUS model, as well as mixing models are special cases of the GD model under specific circumstances. Comparison with experiments indicates that the GD model can accurately estimate soil thermal conductivity.
An Analytical Solution for the Impact of Vegetation Changes on Hydrological Partitioning Within the Budyko Framework
Authors: Zhang Shulei , Yang Yuting , McVicar Tim R. , Yang Dawen
Published: January 2018

Vegetation change is a critical factor that profoundly affects the terrestrial water cycle. Here we derive an analytical solution for the impact of vegetation changes on hydrological partitioning within the Budyko framework. This is achieved by deriving an analytical expression between leaf area index (LAI) change and the Budyko land surface parameter (n) change, through the combination of a steady state ecohydrological model with an analytical carbon cost‐benefit model for plant rooting depth. Using China where vegetation coverage has experienced dramatic changes over the past two decades as a study case, we quantify the impact of LAI changes on the hydrological partitioning during 1982–2010 and predict the future influence of these changes for the 21st century using climate model projections. Results show that LAI change exhibits an increasing importance on altering hydrological partitioning as climate becomes drier. In semiarid and arid China, increased LAI has led to substantial streamflow reductions over the past three decades (on average −8.5% in 1990s and −11.7% in 2000s compared to the 1980s baseline), and this decreasing trend in streamflow is projected to continue toward the end of this century due to predicted LAI increases. Our result calls for caution regarding the large‐scale revegetation activities currently being implemented in arid and semiarid China, which may result in serious future water scarcity issues here. The analytical model developed here is physically based and suitable for simultaneously assessing both vegetation changes and climate change induced changes to streamflow globally.
Impact of Radiation Therapy on Scleroderma and Cancer Outcomes in Scleroderma Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Shah Dhaval J. , Hirpara Ram , Poelman Corrie L. , Woods Adrianne , Hummers Laura K. , Wigley Fredrick M. , Wright Jean L. , Parekh Arti , Steen Virginia D. , Domsic Robyn T. , Shah Ami A.
Published: January 2018

Objective

We examined systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with breast cancer to identify the prevalence of radiation complications and to examine outcomes in SSc patients who received radiation therapy as part of their cancer treatment.

Methods

Patients with SSc and breast cancer were identified from the Johns Hopkins and University of Pittsburgh Scleroderma Center databases. We examined whether erythema, blistering, ulceration, or thickening of the skin developed in the radiation therapy port. Changes in modified Rodnan skin thickness score (mRSS) and forced vital capacity percent predicted (FVC%) at 12 and 24 months post–cancer diagnosis were compared between patients who did and those who did not receive radiation therapy.

Results

A total of 43 of 116 breast cancer patients at Johns Hopkins and 26 of 37 patients at the University of Pittsburgh received breast radiation therapy. At Johns Hopkins, 4 of 30 (13.3%) patients with available data developed erythema, none had blistering, 1 of 30 (3.3%) developed ulceration, and 15 of 31 (48.4%) had skin thickening in the radiation port. At the University of Pittsburgh, 7 of 11 patients (63.6%) with available data developed erythema, 2 of 11 (18.2%) had blistering, none developed ulceration, and 6 of 11 (54.6%) had skin thickening in the radiation port. In a limited sample, there were no significant changes in the mRSS or FVC% between patients who did and those who did not receive radiation therapy.

Conclusion

These data suggest that radiation injury causing local tissue fibrosis is not inevitable in SSc patients with breast cancer, occurring in approximately 50% of patients without evidence of lung or generalized skin disease flare. Therefore, the use of radiation therapy for breast cancer is considered an option based on the informed patient's preference.
Effectiveness of a Web‐Based Personalized Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Tool With or Without a Health Educator for Knowledge of Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Factors
Authors: Prado Maria G. , Iversen Maura D. , Yu Zhi , Miller Kroouze Rachel , Triedman Nellie A. , Kalia Sarah S. , Lu Bing , Green Robert C. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Sparks Jeffrey A.
Published: January 2018

Objective

To assess knowledge of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk factors among unaffected first‐degree relatives (FDRs) and to study whether a personalized RA education tool increases risk factor knowledge.

Methods

We performed a randomized controlled trial assessing RA educational interventions among 238 FDRs. The web‐based Personalized Risk Estimator for RA (PRE‐RA) tool displayed personalized RA risk results (genetics, autoantibodies, demographics, and behaviors) and educated about risk factors. Subjects were randomly assigned to a Comparison arm (standard RA education; n = 80), a PRE‐RA arm (PRE‐RA alone; n = 78), or a PRE‐RA Plus arm (PRE‐RA and a one‐on‐one session with a trained health educator; n = 80). The RA Knowledge Score (RAKS), the number of 8 established RA risk factors identified as related to RA, was calculated at baseline and post‐education (immediate/6 weeks/6 months/12 months). We compared RAKS and its components at each post‐education point by randomization arm.

Results

At baseline before education, few FDRs identified behavioral RA risk factors (15.6% for dental health, 31.9% for smoking, 47.5% for overweight/obesity, and 54.2% for diet). After education, RAKS increased in all arms, higher in PRE‐RA and PRE‐RA Plus than Comparison at all post‐education points (P < 0.05). PRE‐RA subjects were more likely to identify risk factors than those who received standard education (proportion agreeing that smoking is a risk factor at 6 weeks: 83.1% in the PRE‐RA Plus arm, 71.8% in the PRE‐RA arm, and 43.1% in the Comparison arm; P < 0.05 for PRE‐RA versus Comparison).

Conclusion

Despite being both familiar with RA and at increased risk, FDRs had low knowledge about RA risk factors. A web‐based personalized RA education tool successfully increased RA risk factor knowledge.
Functional Polycarbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Tailored Epoxide Monomers: Degradable Materials and Their Application Potential
Authors: Scharfenberg Markus , Hilf Jeannette , Frey Holger
Published: January 2018

Aliphatic polycarbonates synthesized from carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxides are resource‐saving, highly biocompatible and biodegradable polymers. Since the discovery of the copolymerization of epoxides and CO2 in 1969 by Inoue et al., this has become an important and useful technology for the large‐scale utilization of CO2 in chemical synthesis, employing mainly propylene oxide, and cyclohexene oxide (CHO). Only in recent years, functionalized polycarbonates have become an emerging topic with a broad scope of potential applications. This review summarizes synthetic routes and properties of numerous functionalized polycarbonates synthesized from CO2 and functional epoxide monomers. Implications for new materials and possible applications, for instance for pharmaceutical purposes and membranes are reviewed. Besides polycarbonates based on oxirane and CHO derivatives, particular emphasis is placed on the manifold synthetic approaches and postpolymerization modifications of glycidyl ether based polycarbonates. Not only functionalized linear polycarbonates are presented but also a variety of novel polycarbonate architectures, e.g., star and hyperbranched polymers.
Nonvolatile Reconfigurable Phase‐Change Metadevices for Beam Steering in the Near Infrared
Authors: de Galarreta Carlota Ruiz , Alexeev Arseny M. , Au Yat‐Yin , Lopez‐Garcia Martin , Klemm Maciej , Cryan Martin , Bertolotti Jacopo , Wright C. David
Published: January 2018

The development of flat, compact beam‐steering devices with no bulky moving parts is opening up a new route to a variety of exciting applications, such as LIDAR scanning systems for autonomous vehicles, robotics and sensing, free‐space, and even surface wave optical signal coupling. In this paper, the design, fabrication and characterization of innovative, nonvolatile, and reconfigurable beam‐steering metadevices enabled by a combination of optical metasurfaces and chalcogenide phase‐change materials is reported. The metadevices reflect an incident optical beam in a mirror‐like fashion when the phase‐change layer is in the crystalline state, but reflect anomalously at predesigned angles when the phase‐change layer is switched into its amorphous state. Experimental angle‐resolved spectrometry measurements verify that fabricated devices perform as designed, with high efficiencies, up to 40%, when operating at 1550 nm. Laser‐induced crystallization and reamorphization experiments confirm reversible switching of the device. It is believed that reconfigurable phase‐change‐based beam‐steering and beam‐shaping metadevices, such as those reported here, can offer real applications advantages, such as high efficiency, compactness, fast switching times and, due to the nonvolatile nature of chalcogenide phase‐change materials, low power consumption.
Enhancing Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence by Effective π‐Type Halogen Bonding
Authors: Cai Suzhi , Shi Huifang , Tian Dan , Ma Huili , Cheng Zhichao , Wu Qi , Gu Mingxing , Huang Ling , An Zhongfu , Peng Qian , Huang Wei
Published: January 2018

Efficient ultralong organic phosphorescent materials have potential applications in some fields, such as bioimaging, anti‐counterfeiting, and sensors. Nevertheless, phosphorescence efficiencies of metal‐free organic materials are low due to weak spin–orbit coupling and vigorous nonradiative transitions under ambient conditions. Here a chemical strategy to improve phosphorescence efficiency with intermolecular π‐type halogen bonding construction via isomerism is presented. X‐ray single crystal analysis reveals that different halogen bonding is formed among p‐BrTCz, m‐BrTCz, and o‐BrTCz crystals. Phosphorescence efficiency of m‐BrTCz in solid can reach 13.0%, seven times of o‐BrTCz in solid owing to effective π‐type halogen bonding, which is further confirmed by theoretical calculations. However, ultralong phosphorescence lifetimes are little affected, 155, 120, and 156 ms for p‐BrTCz, m‐BrTCz, and o‐BrTCz in the solid state, respectively. Furthermore, a simple pattern for data encryption and decryption is first demonstrated under sunlight. This result will provide an approach for improving the phosphorescent efficiency of metal‐free organic phosphors with ultralong luminescence.
Twin Engineering in Solution‐Synthesized Nonstoichiometric Cu5FeS4 Icosahedral Nanoparticles for Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Zhang Aijuan , Zhang Bin , Lu Wei , Xie Dandan , Ou Hongxia , Han Xiaodong , Dai Jiyan , Lu Xu , Han Guang , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: January 2018

A facile colloidal solution method has been developed for the fast, scalable synthesis of orthorhombic@cubic core–shell nonstoichiometric Cu5FeS4 icosahedral nanoparticles. Such nanoparticles contain high‐density twin boundaries in the form of fivefold twins. Spark plasma sintering consolidates the nanoparticles into nanostructured pellets, which retain high‐density twin boundaries and a tuned fraction of the secondary phase Fe‐deficient cubic Cu5FeS4. As a result, the thermal and electrical transport properties are synergistically optimized, leading to an enhanced zT of ≈0.62 at 710 K, which is about 51% higher than that of single‐phase Cu5FeS4. This study provides an energy‐efficient approach to realize twin engineering in nonstoichiometric Cu5FeS4 nanomaterials for high‐performance thermoelectrics.