bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of intentional mycoplasma contamination on CHO cell bioreactor cultures
Authors: Fratz‐Berilla Erica J. , Faison Talia , Kohnhorst Casey L. , Velugula‐Yellela Sai Rashmika , Powers David N. , Brorson Kurt , Agarabi Cyrus
Published: September 2019

Mycoplasma contamination events in biomanufacturing facilities can result in loss of production and costly cleanups. Mycoplasma may survive in mammalian cell cultures with only subtle changes to the culture and may penetrate the 0.2 µm filters often used in the primary clarification of harvested cell culture fluid. Culture cell‐based and indicator cell‐based assays that are used to detect mycoplasma are highly sensitive but can take up to 28 days to complete and cannot be used for real‐time decision making during the biomanufacturing process. To support real‐time measurements of mycoplasma contamination, there is a push to explore nucleic acid testing. However, cell‐based methods measure growth or colony forming units and nucleic acid testing measures genome copy number; this has led to ambiguity regarding how to compare the sensitivity of the methods. In addition, the high risk of conducting experiments wherein one deliberately spikes mycoplasma into bioreactors has dissuaded commercial groups from performing studies to explore the multiple variables associated with the upstream effects of a mycoplasma contamination in a manufacturing setting. Here we studied the ability of Mycoplasma arginini to persist in a single‐use, perfusion rocking bioreactor system containing a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) DG44 cell line expressing a model monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody. We examined M. arginini growth and detection by culture methods, as well as the effects of M. arginini on mammalian cell health, metabolism, and productivity. We compared process parameters and controls normally measured in bioreactors including dissolved oxygen, gas mix, and base addition to maintain pH, to examine parameter changes as potential indicators of contamination. Our work showed that M. arginini affects CHO cell growth profile, viability, nutrient consumption, oxygen use, and waste production at varying timepoints after M. arginini introduction to the culture. Importantly, how the M. arginini contamination impacts the CHO cells is influenced by the concentration of CHO cells and rate of perfusion at the time of M. arginini spike. Careful evaluation of dissolved oxygen, pH control parameters, ammonia, and arginine over time may be used to indicate mycoplasma contamination in CHO cell cultures in a bioreactor before a read‐out from a traditional method.
Impaired empathy but no theory of mind deficits in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Abdel‐Hamid Mona , Niklewski Franziska , Heßmann Philipp , Guberina Nika , Kownatka Melanie , Kraemer Markus , Scherbaum Norbert , Dziobek Isabel , Bartels Claudia , Wiltfang Jens , Kis Bernhard
Published: September 2019

Objective

The cognitive capacity to change perspective is referred to as theory of mind (ToM). ToM deficits are detectable in a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Since executive abilities are closely associated with ToM skills, we suspected that due to a common neuropsychological basis, ToM deficits exist in treatment‐naïve adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods

Performance of treatment‐naïve adults with ADHD (N = 30) in tasks assessing executive functions (Trail Making Test, Stroop color–word test, and Test Battery for Attentional Performance), empathy skills (Cambridge Behaviour Scale), and ToM (Movie for Assessment of Social Cognition) was compared with that of a healthy control group (N = 30) matched according to basic demographic variables.

Results

Compared to healthy controls, treatment‐naïve adults with ADHD showed deficits in various executive functions and the ability to empathize (all p < .05). However, no performance differences were found with regard to ToM (all n.s.).

Conclusions

Since studies in juveniles with ADHD often show impaired ToM performance, it is conceivable that ToM deficits may become attenuated due to neuronal development in adolescence. Furthermore, our findings imply that ToM impairments, even when present in adult ADHD, appear to be independent of executive deficits and might be explained by comorbid disorders.
The initial U.S. experience with the Tempo active fixation temporary pacing lead in structural heart interventions
Authors: Nazif Tamim M. , Chen Shmuel , Codner Pablo , Grossman Paul M. , Menees Daniel S. , Sanchez Carlos E. , Yakubov Steven J. , White Jonathan , Kapadia Samir , Whisenant Brian K. , Forrest John K. , Krishnaswamy Amar , Arshi Arash , Orford James L. , Leon Martin B. , Dizon José M. , Kodali Susheel K. , Chetcuti Stanley J.
Published: September 2019

Objectives

This multicenter retrospective study of the initial U.S. experience evaluated the safety and efficacy of temporary cardiac pacing with the Tempo® Temporary Pacing Lead.

Background

Despite increasing use of temporary cardiac pacing with the rapid growth of structural heart procedures, temporary pacing leads have not significantly improved. The Tempo lead is a new temporary pacing lead with a soft tip intended to minimize the risk of perforation and a novel active fixation mechanism designed to enhance lead stability.

Methods

Data from 269 consecutive structural heart procedures were collected. Outcomes included device safety (absence of clinically significant cardiac perforation, new pericardial effusion, or sustained ventricular arrhythmia) and efficacy (clinically acceptable pacing thresholds with successful pace capture throughout the index procedure). Postprocedure practices and sustained lead performance were also analyzed.

Results

The Tempo lead was successfully positioned in the right ventricle and achieved pacing in 264 of 269 patients (98.1%). Two patients (0.8%) experienced loss of pace capture. Procedural mean pace capture threshold (PCT) was 0.7 ± 0.8 mA. There were no clinically significant perforations, pericardial effusions, or sustained device‐related arrhythmias. The Tempo lead was left in place postprocedure in 189 patients (71.6%) for mean duration of 43.3 ± 0.7 hr (range 2.5–221.3 hr) with final PCT of 0.84 ± 1.04 mA (n = 80). Of these patients, 84.1% mobilized out of bed with no lead dislodgment.

Conclusion

The Tempo lead is safe and effective for temporary cardiac pacing for structural heart procedures, provides stable peri and postprocedural pacing and allows mobilization of patients who require temporary pacing leads.
Career Outcomes Data From Social Media: Examining Quality in Current Practices
Authors: Makela Julia Panke , Hoff Kevin
Published: September 2019

Social media websites contain information that can be used to assess career outcomes. Yet, questions remain about the quality of this data source. This study examined social media data collected from a large sample of recent college graduates (N = 3,094), considering how well those data represented the broader population of graduates and to what extent social media data matched survey responses on 5 employment variables. Results indicated that indiscriminately using social media data can lead to biased inferences about career outcomes. Specifically, social media data matched survey data in just 67% to 76% of comparisons. Despite these limitations, findings also revealed strategies to improve agreement between data sources, leading to more trustworthy inferences about career outcomes from social media. Results indicate a need to heighten practitioner awareness of data quality issues related to career outcomes data sources. A framework for examining data quality is offered, with suggested directions for future research.
The Long‐Periodic Loop‐Branched Chain Structure of the Oxonitridophosphate La21P40O46N57, Elucidated by a Combination of TEM and Microfocused Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Nentwig Markus , Kloß Simon D. , Neudert Lukas , Eisenburger Lucien , Schnick Wolfgang , Oeckler Oliver
Published: September 2019

The lanthanum oxonitridophosphate La21P40O46N57 was synthesized by high‐pressure metathesis from partially hydrolysed LiPN2 and LaCl3 at 750–950 °C and 7–9 GPa. The combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and diffraction using microfocused synchrotron radiation revealed a monoclinic crystal structure (space group P21/n, a=14.042(4), b=7.084(3), c=41.404(10) Å, β=97.73(3)° and Z=2), which is characterized by loop‐branched 21 member single chains of P(O,N)4 tetrahedra that extend along [2 0 1]. These chains are related to the loop‐branched dreier single chains with dreier‐ring loops in stillwellite (CeBSiO5). In La21P40O46N57, these chains are characterized by a complex long‐periodic conformation and exhibit disorder that involves La/N and P split positions. This is an extraordinarily long periodicity with respect to branched single chains of tetrahedra. La21P40O46N57 constitutes the first rare‐earth oxonitridophosphate exhibiting a chain structure. Single‐crystal data are consistent with electron and powder X‐ray diffraction.
Unlocking the Drug Potential of the Bryostatin Family: Recent Advances in Product Synthesis and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wu Rongzhen , Chen Hongyu , Chang Ninghui , Xu Yuzhi , Jiao Jiao , Zhang Hailong
Published: September 2019

Bryostatins are a class of naturally occurring macrocyclic lactones with a unique fast developing portfolio of clinical applications, including treatment of AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. This comprehensive account summarizes the recent progress (2014–present) in the development of bryostatins, including their total synthesis and biomedical applications. An emphasis is placed on the discussion of bryostatin 1, the most‐studied analogue to date. This review highlights the synthetic and biological challenges of bryostatins and provides an outlook on their future development.
A DNA Switch for Detecting Single Nucleotide Polymorphism within a Long DNA Sequence Under Denaturing Conditions
Authors: Zhang Wenqing , Li Jiuxing , Salena Bruno , Li Yingfu
Published: September 2019

DNA detection is usually conducted under nondenaturing conditions to favor the formation of Watson–Crick base‐paring interactions. However, although such a setting is excellent for distinguishing a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within short DNA sequences (15–25 nucleotides), it does not offer a good solution to SNP detection within much longer sequences. Here we report on a new detection method capable of detecting SNP in a DNA sequence containing 35–90 nucleotides. This is achieved through incorporating into the recognition DNA sequence a previously discovered DNA molecule that forms a stable G‐quadruplex in the presence of 7 molar urea, a known condition for denaturing DNA structures. The systems are configured to produce both colorimetric and fluorescent signals upon target binding.
Low rates of diagnostic colonoscopy in Federally Qualified Health Centers: A persistent problem that must be addressed to achieve the promise of colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Myers Ronald E.
Published: September 2019

The complete diagnostic evaluation of patients who have abnormal colorectal cancer screening stool blood test results has been and continues to be suboptimal, especially in underserved patient populations. In this issue of Cancer, Bharti et al document this problem in Federally Qualified Health Centers and highlight the need to understand patient and system barriers to complete diagnostic evaluation adherence after referral and the importance of identifying strategies to maximize complete diagnostic evaluation performance. Attention should also be devoted to making evidence‐based stool blood tests available to patients who choose not to undergo screening colonoscopy.
Diagnostic colonoscopy completion after abnormal fecal immunochemical testing and quality of tests used at 8 Federally Qualified Health Centers in Southern California: Opportunities for improving screening outcomes
Authors: Bharti Balambal , May Folasade (Fola) Popoola , Nodora Jesse , Martínez María Elena , Moyano Karina , Davis Shauntay L. , Ramers Christian B. , Garcia‐Bigley Felipe , O'Connell Shawne , Ronan Kevin , Barajas Melissa , Gordon Sheree , Diaz Giselle , Ceja Evelyn , Powers Meghan , Arredondo Elva M. , Gupta Samir
Published: September 2019

Background

The effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening with fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) of stool blood depends on high rates of colonoscopy follow‐up for abnormal FITs and the use of high‐quality tests. This study characterized colonoscopy referral and completion among patients with abnormal FITs and the types of FITs implemented in a sample of Southern California Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs).

Methods

FQHCs in San Diego, Imperial, and Los Angeles Counties were invited to define a cohort of ≥150 consecutive patients with abnormal FITs in 2015‐2016 and to provide data on sex, insurance status, diagnostic colonoscopy referrals and completion within 6 months of abnormal FITs, and the types (brands) of FITs implemented. The primary outcomes were the proportions with colonoscopy referrals and completion for all patients at each FQHC and in aggregate.

Results

Eight FQHCs provided data for 1229 patients with abnormal FITs; 46% were male, and 20% were uninsured. Among patients with abnormal FITs, 89% (1091 of 1229; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87‐0.91) had a colonoscopy referral, and 44% (539 of 1229; 95% CI, 0.41‐0.47) had colonoscopy completion. Across FQHCs, the range for colonoscopy referral was 73% to 96%, and the range for completion was 18% to 57%. Six of the 8 FQHCs (75%) reported FIT brands with limited data to support their effectiveness.

Conclusions

In a sample of Southern California FQHCs, diagnostic colonoscopy completion after abnormal FITs was substantially below the nationally recommended benchmark to achieve 80% completion, and the use of FIT brands with limited data to support their effectiveness was high. These findings suggest a need for policies and multilevel interventions to promote diagnostic colonoscopy among individuals with abnormal FITs and the use of higher quality FITs.
Highly Efficient and Selective Oxidation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde by a Hybrid Photocatalyst Consisting of SnO2 Nanorod and Rutile TiO2 with Heteroepitaxial Junction
Authors: Awa Kenta , Akashi Ryo , Akita Atsunobu , Naya Shin‐ichi , Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Tada Hiroaki
Published: September 2019

The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Hiroaki Tada (Kindai University, Japan). The image shows the heteroepitaxial junction‐induced band bending can enhance the charge separation in nanohybrid photocatalysts. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/cphc.201900632.
Does sexual segregation occur during the nonbreeding period? A comparative analysis in spatial and feeding ecology of three Calonectris shearwaters
Authors: De Felipe Fernanda , Reyes‐González José M. , Militão Teresa , Neves Verónica C. , Bried Joël , Oro Daniel , Ramos Raül , González‐Solís Jacob
Published: September 2019

Sexual segregation (SS) is widespread among animal taxa, with males and females segregated in distribution, behavior, or feeding ecology but so far, most studies on birds have focused on the breeding period. Outside this period, the relevance of segregation and the potential drivers of its persistence remain elusive, especially in the marine environment, where animals can disperse over vast areas and are not easily observed. We evaluated the degree of SS in spatio‐temporal distribution and phenology, at‐sea behavior, and feeding ecology during the nonbreeding period among three closely related shearwaters: Scopoli's, Cory's, and Cape Verde shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea, C. borealis, and C. edwardsii, respectively). We tracked 179 birds (92 males and 87 females) from 2008 to 2013 using geolocation‐immersion loggers and collected the 13th secondary remige (molted in winter) for stable isotope analyses as a proxy of trophic level and diet. The global nonbreeding distribution did not differ between sexes for the three species, but one specific nonbreeding area was visited only by males. Cory's shearwater males remained in areas closer to the colony in a larger proportion compared to females and returned earlier to the colony, probably to defend their nests. Males presented a slightly lower nocturnal flying activity and slightly (but consistently) higher isotopic values of δ13C and δ15N compared to females. These differences suggest subtle sexual differences in diet and a slightly higher trophic level in males, but the extent to which sexual dimorphism in bill size can determine them remains unclear. Our study showed that SS in ecological niche in seabirds can persist year‐round consistently but at a different extent when comparing the breeding and nonbreeding periods. Based on our findings, we propose that SS in these seabird species might have its origin in an ecological specialization derived from the different roles of males and females during reproduction, rather than from social dominance during the nonbreeding period.
Evaluation of the Catalytic Capability of cis‐ and trans‐Diquinoxaline Spanned Cavitands
Authors: Inoue Mami , Kamiguchi Shinsuke , Ugawa Katto , Hkiri Shaima , Bouffard Jules , Sémeril David , Iwasawa Tetsuo
Published: September 2019

Three new cis‐diquinoxaline spanned cavitands were successfully synthesized. These cis‐diphosphinated derivatives were applied in homogeneous gold‐catalyzed dimerization and hydration of alkynes as well as rhodium‐catalyzed styrene hydroformylation. The results were ranked with those obtained with their trans‐diphosphinated isomeric analogues. The structure‐activity relationship employing these two cavitands reveals that the cis‐ or trans‐positioning of the catalyst centers directly influences cooperation between the two metallic atoms to control catalytic activity, reaction profile, and product selectivity. This comparative study provides us an intellectual basis for future catalytic cavitand chemistry and homogeneous catalysis.
Synthesis of Adenine Dinucleosides 2′,5′‐Bridged by Sulfur‐Containing Linkers as Bisubstrate SAM Analogues for Viral RNA 2′‐O‐Methyltransferases
Authors: Ahmed‐Belkacem Rostom , Sutto‐Ortiz Priscila , Decroly Etienne , Vasseur Jean‐Jacques , Debart Françoise
Published: September 2019

Viral RNA 2′‐O‐methyltransferases play a crucial role for luring the host cell innate antiviral response during a viral infection by catalyzing either the methylation of the 5′‐end RNA cap‐structure at 2′‐OH of nucleoside N1 or by inducing internal 2′‐O‐methylation of adenosines within RNA sequence using S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) as the methyl donor. Our goal is to synthesize bisubstrate SAM analogues mimicking the transition state of the 2′‐O‐methylation of the RNA in order to block viral 2′‐O‐methyltransferases and struggle against emerging viruses. Here we designed and synthesized five dinucleosides by connecting a 5′‐thioadenosine representing the SAM to the 2′‐OH of another adenosine unit mimicking the RNA substrate, via various sized sulfur‐containing linkers such as alkylthioether linkers, sulfoxide or sulfone derivatives, or a disulfide bond.
Using DMF as Both a Catalyst and Cosolvent for the Regioselective Silylation of Polyols and Diols
Authors: Lv Jian , Luo Tao , Zou Dapeng , Dong Hai
Published: September 2019

Highly regioselective silylation of primary hydroxyl groups of unprotected polyols and diols was obtained by the use of a mixed solvent of MeCN/DMF (10:1) in this study. DMF was discovered to be a good catalyst in this reaction, although the silylation using DMF as a solvent has been a common method for more than 40 years. The catalytic mechanism of DMF for the silylation was also proposed herein after intensive investigation of the reaction by NMR techniques. It has been demonstrated that a complex with a 1:1 ratio of the binding partners can be formed between TBSCl and DMF and has an association constant of 12/M, thus activating the silylation.
Neoarchean arc magmatism and Paleoproterozoic granulite‐facies metamorphism in the Bhavani Suture Zone, South India
Authors: Uthup Sam , Tsunogae Toshiaki , Rajesh V.J. , Santosh M. , Takamura Yusuke , Tsutsumi Yukiyasu
Published: September 2019

The Bhavani Suture Zone in the Southern Granulite Terrane marks the zone of amalgamation of the Neoarchean Nilgiri Block and the northwestern Madurai Block in southern India. Here, we report detailed petrological, geochemical, and geochronological data on the Mettupalayam mafic–ultramafic complex within this suture zone with a view to evaluate the tectonothermal history of the Bhavani Suture Zone and adjoining crustal blocks. The metamorphosed complex includes charnockite, hornblende‐biotite gneiss, mafic granulite, amphibolite, garnet‐bearing mafic granulite, and dioritic gneiss along with metamorphosed banded iron formation. The mafic granulite and the dioritic gneiss occur as concordant layers of varying thickness within the hornblende‐biotite gneiss. The salient geochemical features of the mafic granulite and the dioritic gneiss including the enrichment of large‐ion lithophile elements and depletion of high‐field‐strength elements suggest a subduction‐related arc magmatic setting. However, the amphibolites show MORB‐related affinity, suggesting its formation from a N‐MORB‐related source and their accretion together with the overlying banded iron formation. The peak metamorphic conditions of the garnet‐bearing mafic granulite were estimated using conventional geothermobarometers as 800–820 °C/8.5–9.2 kbar, which we further confirm through phase equilibrium modelling in the Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–Fe2O3 (NCKFMASHTO) system. Magmatic zircons with high Th/U ratio from the amphibolite display a well‐defined discordia with an upper intercept age of 2,600 ± 38 Ma. Zircon grains from the dioritic gneiss show weighted mean 206Pb/207Pb age of 2,524 ± 6 Ma from concordant zircon spots and a comparable upper intercept age of 2,562 ± 34 Ma from discordant zircon spots, indicating protolith emplacement related to Neoarchean arc magmatism as inferred from our geochemical data. The thin overgrowth rims around the magmatic zircon grains in the amphibolite yielded an upper intercept age of 2,520 ± 20 Ma, which is comparable with the protolith crystallization age of the dioritic gneiss. Slightly younger weighted mean 207Pb/208Pb ages of 2,463 ± 27 Ma (from dioritic gneiss) and 2,422 ± 30 Ma (from amphibolite) are also obtained from the metamorphic zircon rims. These ages are correlated to the timing of high‐grade metamorphism associated with final collision of the Nilgiri Block and the northwestern Madurai Block. Similar Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic magmatism and high‐grade metamorphism were reported from many localities south of the Dharwar Craton. Our study further confirms the previous tectonic model that envisages multiple subduction and collision of magmatic arcs and continental fragments towards the Dharwar Craton during the Archean–Paleoproterozoic transition.
Zika virus knowledge, contraception use, and lessons learned from a Dominican Republic pilot study
Authors: Shaw Rebecca , Baker Elizabeth , Jie Chunfa , Adamian Shant , Andres Sarah , Bachelor Brooke , Hodges Fiona , Mittra Tricia , Viloria Anny Rodriquez
Published: September 2019

Objective

To assess knowledge of the Zika virus (ZIKV), use of contraceptives, and sources of health information in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.

Methods

Over 4 days in March 2017, a research team traveled to four rural communities in the Dominican Republic to provide healthcare services. Overall, 90 men and women consented to a voluntary verbal 12‐question survey.

Results

Of the participants, 55% were not certain whether ZIKV is transmitted sexually; 75% of participants were either not sure or thought ZIKV was not present in their community. Charlas (informal discussions led by community health workers) were cited as the most common source for public health information. Prevalence of contraceptive use was 26.6% hormonal and 1.1% long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC); 30.0% cited no use of contraception.

Conclusion

Significant deficits in ZIKV knowledge, underutilization of LARCs, and socioeconomic factors exist that constrain the application of WHO recommendations for preventing ZIKV infection. Additional and more robust surveys are needed to assess public health education and interventions, critical for disease prevention in communities facing current and future epidemics.
Inhibition profiles of Voriconazole against acetylcholinesterase, α‐glycosidase, and human carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes
Authors: Topal Fevzi
Published: September 2019

In this work, the inhibitory activity of Voriconazole was measured against some metabolic enzymes, including human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I and II isoenzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and α‐glycosidase; the results were compared with standard compounds including acetazolamide, tacrine, and acarbose. Half maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) values were obtained from the enzyme activity (%)‐[Voriconazole] graphs, whereas Ki values were calculated from the Lineweaver‐Burk graphs. According to the results, the IC50 value of Voriconazole was 40.77 nM for α‐glycosidase, while the mean inhibition constant (Ki) value was 17.47 ± 1.51 nM for α‐glycosidase. The results make an important contribution to drug design and have pharmacological applications. In addition, the Voriconazole compound demonstrated excellent inhibitory effects against AChE and hCA isoforms I and II. Voriconazole had Ki values of 29.13 ± 3.57 nM against hCA I, 15.92 ± 1.90 nM against hCA II, and 10.50 ± 2.46 nM against AChE.
Candidate genes mediated by estrogen‐related receptor γ in pancreatic β cells
Authors: Lei Zhou , JunHui Lv , PeiFeng Li
Published: September 2019

Recent studies have established the importance of estrogen‐related receptor γ (ERRγ) as a required participant for insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. Key downstream genes of ERRγ remain unclear in the pancreatic β cell. To understand the molecular role of ERRγ and elucidate potential key candidate genes involved in pancreatic β cells, the eukaryotic expression plasmid containing mouse ERRγ was constructed and transfected into NIT‐1 pancreatic β cells. Overexpression of ERRγ was confirmed by quantitative real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. RNA‐seq was conducted to get the gene expression profiling between the overexpression group cells and control cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by edgR and subsequently analyzed by gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. We found that overexpression of ERRγ in pancreatic β cells enables regulation of the expression of certain genes involved in cell apoptosis and mitochondrial function, such as TFPT, Bcl7c, Dap, Thoc6, Ube2d3, ATP5H, MPV17, and NDUFA6. GO analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in apoptotic process, cytoplasm, and protein binding. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, estrogen signaling pathway, and metabolic pathways. This study helps to further understand and reposition the molecular mechanisms of ERRγ in β cells.
ATGL promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the p‐AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Meiling , Yu Xuegao , Lin Liying , Deng Jiankai , Wang Kanglong , Su Baochang , Xia Yong , Tang Xiaohua , Hong Honghai
Published: September 2019

Abnormal metabolism, including abnormal lipid metabolism, is a hallmark of cancer cells. Some studies have demonstrated that the lipogenic pathway might promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in hepatocellular carcinoma cells has not been elucidated. We evaluated the function of ATGL in hepatocellular carcinoma using methyl azazolyl blue and migration assay through overexpression of ATGL in HepG2 cells. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were used to assess the mechanisms of ATGL in hepatocellular carcinoma. In the current study, we first constructed and transiently transfected ATGL into hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Secondly, we found that ATGL promoted the proliferation of hepatoma cell lines via upregulating the phosphorylation of AKT, but did not affect the metastatic ability of HCC cells. Moreover, the p‐AKT inhibitor significantly eliminated the effect of ATGL on the proliferation of hepatoma carcinoma cells. Taken together, our results indicated that ATGL promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cells proliferation through upregulation of the AKT signaling pathway.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme gene polymorphism and digestive system cancer risk: A meta‐analysis based on 9656 subjects
Authors: Abdeahad Hossein , Avan Amir , Khazaei Majid , Soleimanpour Saman , Ferns Gordon A. , Fiuji Hamid , Ryzhikov Mikhail , Bahrami Afsane , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi
Published: September 2019

The angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) is the major regulator of the renin‐angiotensin system, and it has been reported that genetic polymorphisms at this locus are associated with risk in numerous types of human cancers. In the current meta‐analysis, we aimed to evaluate the association between the ACE Gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (DD vs II) and digestive system cancer susceptibility. A total of 19 case‐control studies among 3722 patients with seven different types of cancer were included in this meta‐analysis. In the pooled analysis, the relationship between the ACE I/D polymorphism and digestive system cancer risk was not statistically significant (odds ratio [OR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68‐1.29; P = 0.65; random model). Furthermore, subgroup analyses by cancer type also did not reveal an association between ACE polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.823‐1.58; P = 0.43; random effect model) and gastric cancer (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.51‐1.22; P = 0.28; random effect model). These findings indicate that ACE polymorphisms in the digestive tract may still affect the survival of cancer patients, and future studies into the topic of effect of ACE on cancer prognosis are warranted.
PIWI‐interacting RNA 39980 promotes tumor progression and reduces drug sensitivity in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Roy Jyoti , Das Basudeb , Jain Neha , Mallick Bibekanand
Published: September 2019

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the leading pediatric cancer known for its heterogeneity and clinical aggressiveness leading to chemoresistance. Recent evidence in small RNA research has led to the discovery of PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) which work in an orchestrated fashion to modulate gene expression both in homeostatic conditions and abnormalities like cancer including NB. This study aims to decipher the possible role of a repeat‐derived piRNA, piR‐39980 (identified from our previous piRNA profiling study in human NB cell lines) in tumorigenesis of NB cells. piR‐39980, overexpressed in NB cells act as an oncopiR and promotes tumor progression, while its inhibition resulted in reduced viability, invasion as well as the migration of IMR‐32 cells. Interestingly, we observed that inhibition of piRNA induces senescence of NB cells without affecting the classical apoptosis pathway by modulating the expression of JAK3 through target binding. In addition, piR‐39980 was found to desensitize the effect of doxorubicin and inhibit drug‐induced apoptosis. Overall, we report piR‐39980, as the first oncopiR which might serve as a novel therapeutic target for this malignancy.
New approach to the synthesis of substituted 7H‐furo[3,2‐b]pyran‐7‐ones based on 5‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one derivatives
Authors: Komogortsev Andrey N. , Lichitsky Boris V. , Tretyakov Alexander D. , Fakhrutdinov Artem N. , Dudinov Arkady A. , Krayushkin Michail M.
Published: September 2019

A convenient approach to the synthesis of the previously unknown 7H‐furo[3,2‐b]pyran‐7‐ones based on the intramolecular cyclization of carbonyl derivatives of 5‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one has been elaborated. Key intermediates in the synthesis of the target 7H‐furo[3,2‐b]pyran‐7‐ones are 3‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐(2‐oxo‐2‐arylethyl)‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ones. They are formed as a result of multicomponent condensation of 5‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one with arylglyoxals and 4‐methoxyaniline.
SiO2‐POCl2 nanoparticles promoted the synthesis of novel structure of 2,3‐dihydrooxazole derivatives
Authors: Yousefi Mojtaba , Ghashang Majid
Published: September 2019

Silica‐POCl2 was used as promoter for the three‐component reaction of ethyl 3‐phenyl glycidate, aniline derivatives, and dimethylformamide (DMF), which leads to the synthesis of ethyl 4‐phenyl‐3‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrooxazole‐5‐carboxylate derivatives. The desired product was obtained in high yields.
Reply to “A critical analysis of Vacca, A., Aru, F., and Ollesch, G. (2017). Short‐term impact of coppice management on soil in a Quercus ilex L. stand of Sardinia. Land Degradation & Development, 28(2), 553–565.” by Giadrossich and Guastini
Authors: Vacca Andrea , Aru Francesco , Ollesch Gregor
Published: September 2019

In their critical review of Vacca, Aru, and Ollesch (2017), Giadrossich and Guastini noted substantial deficiencies in the research design and methodology, analysis and interpretation of data, and conclusions in the paper that are not supported by the findings. In this reply, we (a) reiterated the aim of our study, (b) provided the evidence that similar research designs are not rare in soil studies, (c) provided the evidence that Giadrossich and Guastini misused our data in their analysis and interpretation, and (d) highlighted that Giadrossich and Guastini used inappropriate citations. Consequently, our findings and conclusions that coppicing has negative short‐term impacts on the soil and that the short‐term soil erosion risk must be considered very high in coppicing management are unaffected by the comments from Giadrossich and Guastini.
Spielzeug und Fracking‐Chemikalie
Authors: Lühken Arnim
Published: September 2019

Guargel ist die Grundlage der bei Kindern beliebten glibberigen Knetmasse „Slime“. Zudem erhöht es beim Fracking die Viskosität der Pumpflüssigkeit. Damit liefert das Biopolymer jede Menge Stoff für Experimente und Diskussionen im Chemieunterricht.
Parabeln, Kinetik und Katzenbabys
Authors: Bong Barbara
Published: September 2019

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Improving the modified XFEM for optimal high‐order approximation
Authors: Saxby Ben A. , Hazel Andrew L.
Published: September 2019

This paper investigates the accuracy of high‐order extended finite element methods (XFEMs) for the solution of discontinuous problems with both straight and curved weak discontinuities in two dimensions. The modified XFEM, a specific form of the stable generalised finite element method, is found to offer advantages in cost and complexity over other approaches, but suffers from suboptimal rates of convergence due to spurious higher‐order contributions to the approximation space. An improved modified XFEM is presented, with basis functions “corrected” by projecting out higher‐order contributions that cannot be represented by the standard finite element basis. The resulting corrections are independent of the equations being solved and need be pre‐computed only once for geometric elements of a given order. An accurate numerical integration scheme that correctly integrates functions with curved discontinuities is also presented. Optimal rates of convergence are then recovered for Poisson problems with both straight and quadratically curved discontinuities for approximations up to order p ≤ 4. These are the first truly optimal convergence results achieved using the XFEM for a curved weak discontinuity and are also the first optimally convergent results achieved using the modified XFEM for any problem with approximations of order p>1. Almost optimal rates of convergence are recovered for an elastic problem with a circular weak discontinuity for approximations up to order p ≤ 4.
A systematic review of diabetes self‐management education interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Asian Western Pacific (AWP) region
Authors: Mohamed Arbaktun , Staite Emily , Ismail Khalida , Winkley Kirsty
Published: September 2019

Aims and objectives

To assess the effectiveness of educational and/or psychological diabetes self‐management education (DSME) intervention for people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the Asian Western Pacific (AWP) region.

Background

Translational research indicates that DSME is effective; therefore, it is important to look at the AWP region to see what has been implemented and what the potential barriers are for the low integration of DSME. The need for DSME is present, and programmes are being developed. Therefore, focusing a systematic review of DSME research in the AWP region would give a better understanding of which intervention approaches are associated with better clinical outcomes and are culturally acceptable.

Design

A systematic review.

Methods

A review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative studies to evaluate the effectiveness of face‐to‐face delivery reporting educational and/or psychological interventions for people with T2DM was implemented. We conducted searches using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed and ASSIA databases between January 1990–June 2018. Studies published in English and non‐English were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data on participant and intervention characteristics. The quality of evidence was rated on predetermined criteria. Main outcomes included glycaemic control (reduction in HbA1c level).

Results

We included 21 DSME programmes (17 RCTs), while 15 were group‐based approaches. Twelve studies (60%) were categorized as high quality. Three studies (25%) had a moderate (good) effect. Eight trials were effective in improving glycaemic control and reported statistically significant improvements in HbA1c levels. 50% of these were high‐intensity group‐based programmes.
Children with bronchiectasis have poorer lung function than those with cystic fibrosis and do not receive the same standard of care
Authors: Prentice Bernadette J. , Wales Sandy , Doumit Michael , Owens Louisa , Widger John
Published: September 2019

Background

Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) are routinely managed in a multidisciplinary clinic at tertiary pediatric centers. However, children with bronchiectasis may not be managed in the same way. We sought to compare the management model and clinical outcomes of children with bronchiectasis with children diagnosed with CF, in a single pediatric center.

Methods

We identified patients with bronchiectasis from hospital medical records at an urban tertiary pediatric hospital and identified a sex‐ and age‐matched CF patient at the same center to compare lung function, nutritional status, frequency of physiotherapy and respiratory physician visits, and number of microbiological samples taken for bacterial culture.

Results

Twenty‐two children with bronchiectasis were identified, mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 11 (3) years. The most common known etiology for bronchiectasis was postinfective (6 of 22) but was unknown in 8 of 22. The cohort with bronchiectasis had poorer lung function (FEV1 mean [SD] percent predicted 78.6 [20.5] vs 94.5 [14.7], P = .005) and had less outpatient reviews by the respiratory physician (P < .001) and respiratory physiotherapist (P < .001) when compared to those with CF. Nutritional parameters did not differ between the groups. Many children (10 of 22, 45%) with bronchiectasis did not have any microbiological respiratory tract samples taken for evaluation.

Conclusion

Children with bronchiectasis at this institution have poorer lung function than children with CF, and are deserving of improved multidisciplinary care.
The Effect of Resveratrol Supplementation on Cardio‐Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double‐Blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Abdollahi Shima , Salehi‐Abargouei Amin , Toupchian Omid , Sheikhha Mohammad Hasan , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Rahmanian Masoud , Tabatabaie Mahtab , Mozaffari‐Khosravi Hassan
Published: September 2019

The aim of the present randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of a micronized resveratrol supplement on glycemic status, lipid profile, and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 71 overweight patients with T2DM (body mass index ranged 25–30) were randomly assigned to receive 1000 mg/day trans‐resveratrol or placebo (methyl cellulose) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices and biochemical indices including lipid and glycemic profile were measured before and after the intervention. In adjusted model (age, sex, and baseline body mass index), resveratrol decreased fasting blood sugar (−7.97±13.6 mg/dL, p=0.05) and increased high density lipoprotein (3.62±8.75 mg/dL, p=0.01) levels compared with placebo. Moreover, the mean difference in insulin levels reached significance (−0.97±1.91, μIU/mL, p= 0.02). However, no significant differences were observed for anthropometric measures. It was found that 8‐week resveratrol supplementation produced useful effects on some cardio‐metabolic parameters in patients with T2DM. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Effect of hinokitiol impregnated sheets on shelf life and quality of “KEK‐1” tomatoes during storage
Authors: Vanitha Thiraviam , Thammawong Manasikan , Umehara Hitomi , Nakamura Nobutaka , Shiina Takeo
Published: September 2019

Hinokitiol (β‐thujaplicin, volatile oil extracted from the wood of Hiba arborvitae [Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae], cypress family) is a natural preservative, antimicrobial, and chelating agent, used to prevent decay and extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. In the present study, we used nonwoven rayon sheets impregnated with hinokitiol to conduct packaging studies. Mature green tomatoes var. “KEK‐1” were packaged under three packaging conditions, ie, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), MAP + hinokitiol (MH), and perforated film package (as control), and their quality attributes were compared during storage. The packaging materials used were low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film (40 μm) and fresh sheets of nonwoven rayon impregnated with hinokitiol. O2 in the MAP packaged tomatoes were retained throughout the storage period (3% to 5% O2). Results showed that MH had slightly improved quality attributes throughout the storage period when compared with MAP alone. Expression levels of LeACS, LeADH, and LeTBG4 genes were higher in 5 and 9 days of control when compared with MAP and MH. “KEK‐1” tomatoes had longer shelf life under MAP and MH packaging and maintained the quality at 15°C. Hence, the effect of the MAP with bioactive packaging treatments could be effective in the future application for the extension of shelf life and quality of fruits and vegetables.
Measurement error in continuous endpoints in randomised trials: Problems and solutions
Authors: Nab L. , Groenwold R.H.H. , Welsing P.M.J. , van Smeden M.
Published: September 2019

In randomised trials, continuous endpoints are often measured with some degree of error. This study explores the impact of ignoring measurement error and proposes methods to improve statistical inference in the presence of measurement error. Three main types of measurement error in continuous endpoints are considered: classical, systematic, and differential. For each measurement error type, a corrected effect estimator is proposed. The corrected estimators and several methods for confidence interval estimation are tested in a simulation study. These methods combine information about error‐prone and error‐free measurements of the endpoint in individuals not included in the trial (external calibration sample). We show that, if measurement error in continuous endpoints is ignored, the treatment effect estimator is unbiased when measurement error is classical, while Type‐II error is increased at a given sample size. Conversely, the estimator can be substantially biased when measurement error is systematic or differential. In those cases, bias can largely be prevented and inferences improved upon using information from an external calibration sample, of which the required sample size increases as the strength of the association between the error‐prone and error‐free endpoint decreases. Measurement error correction using already a small (external) calibration sample is shown to improve inferences and should be considered in trials with error‐prone endpoints. Implementation of the proposed correction methods is accommodated by a new software package for R.
In Vitro and In Silico Studies on the Toxic Effects of Antibacterial Drugs as Human Serum Paraoxonase 1 Inhibitor
Authors: Türkeş Cüneyt , Beydemir Şükrü , Küfrevioğlu Ömer İrfan
Published: September 2019

The core purpose of the current study was to investigate the interactions of widely used broad‐spectrum antibacterial drugs developed in response to the increasing rate of antibiotic‐resistant various bacteria and to contribute to the field of drug design. Also, it is to broaden the current knowledge of paraoxonase 1 enzyme (EC: 3.1.8.1; PON1) which is a crucial drug‐target enzyme. For this aim, first, we purified PON1 from human serum using rapid chromatographic techniques including, enzyme precipitation, IEX (ion‐exchange) chromatography, and SEC (size exclusion chromatography), quickly. Following this, we researched the inhibitory effects of some antibacterial drugs. Finally, molecular docking tests were performed and analyzed in silico data. PON1 was found to be effectively inhibited by tigecycline, linezolid, ciprofloxacin lactate, and ertapenem sodium (Kis in the ranging from 0.018 to 125.540 mM). Drugs showed two different inhibition mechanisms: Linezolid was competitive; others were non‐competitive. While Glide GScore of the linezolid for 1 V04 and 3SRE receptors were detected to be –4.442 and –4.915 kcal/mol in the SP mode, monitored as –3.548 and –3.791 kcal/mol in the XP mode, respectively
Versatile Aerogels for Sensors
Authors: Yang Jing , Li Yi , Zheng Yuanyuan , Xu Yingming , Zheng Zhikun , Chen Xudong , Liu Wei
Published: September 2019

Aerogels are unique solid‐state materials composed of interconnected 3D solid networks and a large number of air‐filled pores. They extend the structural characteristics as well as physicochemical properties of nanoscale building blocks to macroscale, and integrate typical characteristics of aerogels, such as high porosity, large surface area, and low density, with specific properties of the various constituents. These features endow aerogels with high sensitivity, high selectivity, and fast response and recovery for sensing materials in sensors such as gas sensors, biosensors and strain and pressure sensors, among others. Considerable research efforts in recent years have been devoted to the development of aerogel‐based sensors and encouraging accomplishments have been achieved. Herein, groundbreaking advances in the preparation, classification, and physicochemical properties of aerogels and their sensing applications are presented. Moreover, the current challenges and some perspectives for the development of high‐performance aerogel‐based sensors are summarized.