bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Effectiveness of Group Antenatal Care on the Continuum of Care and Perinatal Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol
Authors: Mengesha Meresa Berwo , Chekole Tesfaye Temesgen , Abraha Hiluf Ebuy , Tsegay Etsay Weldekidan , Atsbaha Abadi Hailay , Gebreslassie Mihretab , Gufue Zenawi Hagos
Published: September 2024

Introduction

In sub-Saharan Africa, the predominant model of individualized, one-on-one antenatal care has not significantly improved perinatal outcomes. Although the benefits of group antenatal care have been demonstrated in developed countries, its feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness in resource limited settings, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries, have yet to be fully investigated. However, pilot studies show promising evidence of its effectiveness in these areas. This systematic review and meta-analysis will, therefore, review and summarize available studies and provide comprehensive and robust evidence that tends to contribute to the ongoing efforts to implement group prenatal care models in low-resource settings.

Methods and analysis

This systematic review protocol adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CINHAL, to identify pertinent articles published from January 1, 2016, to June 30, 2024. Experimental studies (pre-post, quasi-experimental study, cluster randomized controlled trial), prospective cohort design, prospective comparative study, and qualitative and mixed method designs will be included in the review. Abstract and full-text screening will be conducted by three reviewers using Covidence, according to the eligibility criteria set. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools, specifically designed for JBI Systematic Reviews, will be utilized to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed using the Higgins test. Meta-analysis will be performed using R version 3.6.1 software and STATA version 16; applying random effects models to determine the weights. Pre-specified subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be conducted as necessary. The study results will be reported sequentially, beginning with the primary outcomes, followed by secondary outcomes, and important subgroup analyses.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not applicable as no original data will be collected. The findings of this review will be disseminated through publication and conference presentations.

PROSPERO registration number CRD42024565501.
Defining the Vascular Niche of Human Adipose Tissue Across Metabolic Conditions
Authors: AlZaim Ibrahim , Hassan Mohamed N. , Mannino Luca , Dragicevic Katarina , Sjogaard Marie Balle , Festa Joseph , Dokshokova Lolita , Hansen Bettina , Christensen Julie N. , Farup Jean , Lin Lin , Soraggi Samuele , Thomsen Henrik Holm , Schipper Ruby , Rasmussen Rikke Kongsgaard , von Heesen Maximilian , Conradi Lena-Christin , Hagberg Carolina E. , Heeren Joerg , Etzerodt Anders , Emont Margo , Rosen Evan D. , Massier Lucas , Rydén Mikael , Mejhert Niklas , Blüher Matthias , Khodosevich Konstantin , Sheikh Bilal N. , Jessen Niels , de Rooij Laura P.M.H. , Kalucka Joanna
Published: September 2024

Adipose tissue physiology and homeostasis depends on a healthy vascular network. Vascular malfunction is a hallmark of obesity, and vascular endothelial dysfunction, in particular, precipitates metabolic diseases, including obesity and type two diabetes. Although single-cell transcriptomics approaches have defined atlases of human white adipose tissue (WAT) cells, the associated adipose vascular cells remain relatively undefined. Specifically, there is limited information on their heterogeneity and function, and roles in metabolic disease. To address this gap, we created a single-cell transcriptome atlas of human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), comprising nearly 70,000 vascular cells from 65 individuals. We identified eight adipose endothelial cell (AdEC) populations, comprising seven canonical subtypes and a previously undescribed, heterogeneous population we named sub-AdECs. Sub-AdECs exhibit gene signatures characteristic of multiple cell types, including mesenchymal, adipocytic, and immune cells, suggesting they possess diverse properties and identities. Furthermore, we compare the transcriptomes of vascular cells from individuals living with or without obesity and type two diabetes and find metabolic disease-associated inflammatory and fibrotic transcriptomic patterns. The atlas and accompanying analyses establish a solid foundation for future investigations into the biology of vascular cells within WAT and their contributions to metabolic diseases.
Chimeric deubiquitinase engineering reveals structural basis for specific inhibition of USP30 and a framework for DUB ligandability
Authors: Kazi Nafizul Haque , Klink Nikolas , Gallant Kai , Kipka Gian-Marvin , Gersch Malte
Published: September 2024

The mitochondrial deubiquitinase USP30 negatively regulates Pink1/Parkin-driven mitophagy. Whether enhanced mitochondrial quality control through inhibition of USP30 can protect dopaminergic neurons is currently explored in a clinical trial for Parkinson’s disease. However, the molecular basis for specific inhibition of USP30 by small molecules has remained elusive. Here, we report the crystal structure of human USP30 in complex with a specific inhibitor, enabled by chimeric protein engineering. Our study uncovers how the inhibitor extends into a cryptic pocket facilitated by a compound-induced conformation of the USP30 switching loop. Our work underscores the potential of exploring induced pockets and conformational dynamics to obtain specific deubiquitinase inhibitors and identifies underlying USP30-specific residues. More broadly, we delineate a conceptual framework for specific USP deubiquitinase inhibition based on a common ligandability hotspot in the Leu73-Ubiquitin binding site and on diverse compound extensions. Collectively, our work establishes a generalizable chimeric protein engineering strategy to aid deubiquitinase crystallization and enables structure-based drug design with relevance to neurodegeneration.
The ER stress transcription factor Luman/CREB3 is a novel regulator of Schwann cell survival and myelinating capacity through the activation of the unfolded protein response and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways
Authors: Naniong Justin Michael A. , Misra Vikram , Verge Valerie M. K.
Published: September 2024

Misfolded protein accumulation in demyelinating disorders or injury can trigger internal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress alleviation mechanisms, namely the unfolded protein response (UPR) and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways. Here we demonstrate that the ER stress-associated transcription factor Luman/CREB3, herein called Luman, shown to drive axon regeneration by UPR-dependent regulation of adaptive low-level stress, also positively regulates rat Schwann cell (SC) survival, myelination, the UPR, and cholesterol productionin vitro. siRNA knockdown of SC Luman expression decreased SC viability and increased apoptosis 48 hours post-transfection. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron/SC co-cultures where SCs overexpressed Luman exhibited increased myelination. Simulation of unstressed, mild and moderate ER stress by tunicamycin-mediated UPR induction in SCs, allowed examination of Luman on expression of known UPR regulators, includingXbp1, Xbp1s, CHOP, and pIRE1. They collectively demonstrate a cytoprotective role for Luman under manageable ER stress. Total cholesterol levels and sterol precursorSrebf1expression, key to myelination, also decreased following Luman knockdown. Finally, levels of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), a positive regulator of myelination and also regulated by the UPR, decreased with Luman knockdown. In contrast, pro-apoptotic BDNF precursor (proBDNF) levels increased in Luman-deficient SCs at higher ER stress levels, indicating that any protection Luman confers at moderate ER stress levels is lost upon its reduced expression. In conclusion, a connection between Luman and adaptive beneficial ER stress pathways linked to survival and myelination capacity in SCs exists. These Luman-driven cytoprotective mechanisms including survival and myelination open avenues for targeting this pathway in nerve trauma and myelinating disorders.
Lysosomal LRRC8 complex regulates lysosomal pH, morphology and systemic glucose metabolism
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Zhao Yonghui , Xie Litao , Chadda Rahul , Abraham Nihil , Hong Juan , Feng Ethan , Tranter John D. , Rawnsley David , Liu Haiyan , Henry Kyla M , Meyer Gretchen , Hu Meiqin , Xu Haoxing , Hinton Antentor , Grueter Chad E , Abel E. Dale , Norris Andrew W , Diwan Abhinav , Sah Rajan
Published: September 2024

The lysosome integrates anabolic signalling and nutrient-sensing to regulate intracellular growth pathways. The leucine-rich repeat containing 8 (LRRC8) channel complex forms a lysosomal anion channel and regulates PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling, skeletal muscle differentiation, growth, and systemic glucose metabolism. Here, we define the endogenous LRRC8 subunits localized to a subset of lysosomes in differentiated myotubes. We show LRRC8A regulates leucine-stimulated mTOR, lysosome size, number, pH, and expression of lysosomal proteins LAMP2, P62, LC3B, suggesting impaired autophagic flux. Mutating a LRRC8A lysosomal targeting dileucine motif sequence (LRRC8A-L706A;L707A) in myotubes recapitulates the abnormal AKT signalling and altered lysosomal morphology and pH observed in LRRC8A KO cells.In vivo, LRRC8A-L706A;L707A KI mice exhibit increased adiposity, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance characterized by reduced skeletal muscle glucose-uptake, and impaired incorporation of glucose into glycogen. These data reveal a lysosomal LRRC8 mediated metabolic signalling function that regulates lysosomal activity, systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin-sensitivity.
Airway applied IVT mRNA vaccine needs specific sequence design and high standard purification that removes devastating dsRNA contaminant
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Li Chao , Liu Yuheng , Liao Rui , He Dian , Xu Lifeng , Chen Tingting , Xiao Qin , Luo Mingxing , Chen Yang , Li Yali , Zhu Huaxing , Rosenecker Joseph , Ding Xiaoyan , Pei Shuchen , Guan Shan
Published: September 2024

The development of next-generation mucosal mRNA vaccines is promising but extremely challenging. Major efforts have been focused on optimizing delivery systems, whereas it is still unknown whether the intrinsic quality of IVT mRNA significantly impacts the potency of airway inoculated mRNA vaccines. Here, we systematically demonstrate the mucosal mRNA vaccine requires a higher standard of purification and tailor-designed sequence to fulfil its potency compared to the parenteral route inoculated counterpart. We found double strand RNA (dsRNA) contaminants are prone to trigger innate immunoreaction in the airway that activates the mRNA degradation mechanism, thereby diminishing the mRNA expression and subsequent antigen-specific immune responses. To address these challenges, we developed a strategy that combines optimized untranslated regions (UTRs) screened from endogenous genes of pulmonary cells with affinity chromatography-based purification which removes almost all the dsRNA contaminants. The optimized mRNA administered via the airway route not only demonstrates superior protein expression (30-fold increase) and reduces inflammation in the lung, but also promotes robust immunity comprising significantly elevated systemic, cellular, and mucosal immune responses, which is in stark contrast to intramuscular injected counterpart that displays less pronounced benefits. Our findings offer new insight into the development of mucosal mRNA therapeutics from an overlooked but crucial perspective of optimizing mRNA components.
Early life milk diets shape infant gut microbiota: evidence of microbial plasticity in response to breast and formula milk
Authors: Lawson Melissa AE , Dalby Matthew , Caim Shabhonam , Richardson Larissa , Koulman Albert , Kiu Raymond , LeGall Gwen , Hall Lindsay J
Published: September 2024

In early life, diet plays a key role in shaping the infant microbiota, yet the impact of breast milk and formula on microbial ecosystems at different stages of infant development remains poorly understood. Here, we performed static batch culture experiments using infant faecal samples at ages 1, 12 and 18 months of age, supplemented with either breast milk or formula for 48 hours. We further removed small metabolites (e.g. small carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) from breast and formula milk through dialysis and also added this to the static batch cultures with faecal samples from each infant. Our results show that the one-month-old faecal microbiota exhibited the greatest sensitivity to dietary intervention, with significant changes in microbial composition, metabolites and lipids, particularly in response to formula supplementation. In contrast, the microbiota at 12 months displayed increased stability, while the 18-month-old infant samples were the most resilient to different dietary supplementation. We also observed that triglyceride (TG46:1) was produced in the youngest infant samples but consumed by the older infant microbiota, suggesting a shift in metabolic interactions as the gut microbiota diversifies with age. Metabolite profiles linked to KEGG pathways further indicated the older infants diverse microbiotas had greater functional capacity in comparison to the one-month-old infant, particularly in response to breast milk. Fewer overall metabolic pathways were affected when the infant samples were grown in formula. Collectively, our data underscores the importance of early life diet in shaping microbiota profiles, with more stable microbial ‘dynamics’ in more mature gut ecosystems, in response to dietary changes which are also associated with downstream functional (i.e. metabolite/lipid) readouts. Notably, the removal of small metabolites from breast milk by dialysis highlighted the potential role of milk lipids in promoting growth of foundational microbiota members likeBifidobacterium. Our data, along with further studies, are required to probe the mechanisms by which specific nutrients, particularly lipids, modulate microbial composition and support infant health during the first 2 years of life.
LINE1 promotes nuclear compartmentalization to repress the 8-cell state in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Zhang Juan , Ataei Lamisa , Wu Liang , Mittal Kirti , Huynh Linh , Sarajideen Shahil , Mazid Abdul , Cook David P. , Trcka Daniel , Tse Kevin , Wrana Jeffrey L. , Hoffman Michael M. , Esteban Miguel A. , Ramalho-Santos Miguel
Published: September 2024

The family of LINE1 transposable elements underwent a massive expansion in mammalian genomes. While traditionally viewed as a mutagenic selfish element, recent studies point to roles for LINE1 in early mouse development, T cell quiescence and neurogenesis. Here we show that human LINE1 RNA is essential for self-renewal and identity of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Silencing of LINE1 using either antisense oligonucleotides or CRISPR interference in naïve hESCs leads to a strong induction of 8C-like cells (8CLCs). We found that genes derepressed upon LINE1 KD are not uniformly distributed across the genome, with an enrichment for chromosome 19, which includes key markers of the 8C state such asTPRX1. Silencing ofTPRX1, but not other putative 8C regulatorsp53orH3.XY, suppresses the induction of the 8C program in LINE1 KD hESCs. We found that LINE1 RNA is preferentially localized to the lamina and periphery of the nucleolus in hESCs. Sequencing of Lamina-Associated Domains (LADs) and Nucleolus-Associated Domains (NADs) reveals a preferential association of chromosome 19 with NADs in hESCs. However, 8CLCs have a distinct nucleolar morphology and a lower association of chromosome 19 andTPRX1loci with the nucleolus relative to naïve and primed hESCs, suggesting a role for nucleolar dynamics in the 8CLC-hESC transition. In agreement, LINE1 KD leads to disruption of nucleolar architecture with signs of nucleolar stress. Independent perturbations of the nucleolus induce the 8C program in hESCs. Genes induced by LINE1 KD are enriched for targets of Polycomb Repressive Complex (PRC2), and inhibition of PRC2 leads to a strong induction of 8C genes. Our results indicate that LINE1 coordinates nuclear compartmentalization and chromatin-mediated gene repression to prevent developmental reversion of hESCs.

Highlights

Knockdown of LINE1 induces TPRX1-dependent emergence of 8C-like cells in hESCs.

Genes de-repressed upon LINE1 KD are enriched for Chr 19 and PRC2 targets.

8CLCs display dissociation of Chromosome 19 from the nucleolus.

Disruption of the nucleolus or inhibition of PRC2 strongly induce the 8C program.
Olfactory and Trigeminal Routes of HSV-1 CNS Infection with Regional Microglial Heterogeneity
Authors: Niemeyer Christy S. , Merle Laetitia , Bubak Andrew N. , Dnate’ Baxter B. , Polese Arianna Gentile , Colon-Reyes Katherine , Vang Sandy , Hassell James E. , Bruce Kimberley D. , Nagel Maria A. , Restrepo Diego
Published: September 2024

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) primarily targets the oral and nasal epithelia before establishing latency in the trigeminal and other peripheral ganglia (TG). HSV-1 can also infect and go latent in the central nervous system (CNS) independent of latency in the TGs. Recent studies suggest entry to the CNS via two distinct routes: the TG-brainstem connection and olfactory nerve; however, to date, there is no characterization of brain regions targeted during HSV-1 primary infection. Furthermore, the immune response by microglia may also contribute to the heterogeneity between different brain regions. However, the response to HSV-1 by microglia has not been characterized in a region-specific manner. This study investigated the time course of HSV-1 spread within the olfactory epithelium (OE) and CNS following intranasal inoculation and the corresponding macrophage/microglial response in a C57BL/6 mouse model. We found an apical to basal spread of HSV-1 within the OE and underlying tissue accompanied by an inflammatory response of macrophages. OE Infection was followed by infection of a small subset of brain regions targeted by the TG in the brainstem, as well as other cranial nerve nuclei, including the vagus and hypoglossal nerve. Furthermore, other brain regions were positive for HSV-1 antigens, such as the locus coeruleus (LC), raphe nucleus (RaN), and hypothalamus, while sparing the hippocampus and cortex. Within each brain region, microglia activation also varied widely. These findings provide critical insights into the region-specific dissemination of HSV-1 within the CNS, elucidating potential mechanisms linking viral infection to neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.

Importance

This study sheds light on how herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) spreads within the brain after infecting the nasal passages. Our data reveals the distinct pattern of HSV-1 through the brain during a non-encephalitic infection. Furthermore, microglial activation was also temporally and spatially specific, with some regions of the brain having sustained microglial activation even in the absence of viral antigen. Previous reports have identified specific regions of the brain found to be positive for HSV-1 infection; however, to date, there has not been a concise investigation of the anatomical spread of HSV-1 and the regions of the brain consistently vulnerable to viral entry and spread. Understanding these region-specific differences in infection and immune response is crucial because it links HSV-1 infection to potential triggers for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
TWINKLE: An open-source two-photon microscope for teaching and research
Authors: Schottdorf Manuel , Rich P. Dylan , Diamanti E. Mika , Lin Albert , Tafazoli Sina , Nieh Edward H. , Thiberge Stephan Y.
Published: September 2024

Many laboratories use two-photon microscopy through commercial suppliers, or homemade designs of considerable complexity. The integrated nature of these systems complicates customization, troubleshooting, and training on the principles of two-photon microscopy. Here, we present "Twinkle": a microscope for Two-photon Imaging in Neuroscience, and Kit for Learning and Education. It is a fully open, high performing and easy-to-set-up microscope that can effectively be used for both education and research. The instrument features a > 1 mm field of view, using a modern objective with 3 mm working distance and 2 inch diameter optics combined with GaAsP photomultiplier tubes to maximize the fluorescence signal. We document our experiences using this system as a teaching tool in several two week long workshops, exemplify scientific use cases, and conclude with a broader note on the place of our work in the growing space of open scientific instrumentation.
Effects of sensorimotor delays and muscle force capacity limits on the performance of feedforward and feedback control in animals of different sizes
Authors: Mohamed Thangal Sayed Naseel , More Heather L. , Remy C. David , Donelan J. Maxwell
Published: September 2024

Animals rely on both feedforward and feedback control for perturbation responses. When comparing animals of different sizes, we find that several features that affect perturbation responses change—larger animals have longer sensorimotor time delays, heavier body segments and proportionally weaker muscles. We used simple computational models to compare fast perturbation response times under feedforward and feedback control, as a function of animal size. We developed two tasks representing common perturbation response scenarios in animal locomotion: a distributed mass pendulum approximating swing limb repositioning (swing task), and an inverted pendulum approximating whole body posture recovery (posture task). First, we used a normalized feedback control system to show how feedback response times can either be limited by the force generation capacity of muscles (force-limited), or by sensorimotor delays which constrain the maximum feedback gains that can be used to produce stable responses (delay-limited). Next, we used more detailed scaled models which represent the full-size range of terrestrial mammals and parameterized the sensorimotor delays, maximum muscle forces, and inertial properties using published scaling relationships from literature. Across animal size and in both tasks, we found that feedback control was primarily delay-limited—the fastest responses used a fraction of the available muscle force capacity. Feedforward control, which is able to fully activate muscles and produce faster responses—was about four times faster than feedback control in the smallest animals, and around two times faster in the largest animals. For rapid perturbation responses, feedback control appears ineffective for terrestrial mammals of all sizes, as the fastest response times exceeded available movement times, while feedforward control did not. Thus, feedforward control is more effective for reacting quickly to sudden and large perturbations in animals of all sizes.
Rotational properties of two interacting cold polar molecules: Linear, symmetric, and asymmetric tops
Authors: Isaule Felipe , Bennett Robert , Götte Jörg B.
Published: September 2024

We examine the potential-energy curves and polarization of the dipole moments of two static polar molecules under the influence of an external dc electric field and their anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction. We model the molecules as quantum rigid rotors to take their rotational degrees of freedom into account and consider a selection of linear, symmetric, and asymmetric top molecules. We provide a comprehensive examination of the energy curves and polarization of the dipoles for varying intermolecular separation and direction of the electric field and find that the properties of the molecules depend strongly on the field's direction at short separations, showing the importance of accounting for molecular rotation. The latter provides insight into the possible effects of accounting for rotational degrees of freedom in molecular dipolar gases.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quantum integrated sensing and communication via entanglement
Authors: Liu Yu-Chen , Cheng Yuan-Bin , Pan Xing-Bo , Sun Ze-Zhou , Pan Dong , Long Gui-Lu
Published: September 2024

Quantum communication and quantum metrology are widely compelling applications in the field of quantum information science, and quantum remote sensing is an intersection of both. Despite their differences, there are notable commonalities between quantum communication and quantum remote sensing, as they achieve their functionalities through the transmission of quantum states. Here we propose a quantum integrated sensing and communication (QISAC) protocol, which achieves quantum sensing under the Heisenberg limit while simultaneously enabling quantum secure communication through the transmission of entanglements. We have theoretically proven its security against eavesdroppers. The security of QISAC is characterized by the secrecy capacity for the information bit as well as asymmetric Fisher information gain for sensing. Through simulations conducted under the constraints of limited entanglement resources, we illustrate that QISAC maintains high accuracy in the estimation of phase. Hence, our QISAC offers a fresh perspective for applications of future quantum networks.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Exclusive photoproduction of
ηcγ
pairs with large invariant mass
Authors: Siddikov Marat
Published: September 2024

In this manuscript, we analyze the exclusive photoproduction of ηcγ pairs in the collinear factorization framework and evaluate its cross section in leading order in the strong coupling αs. We found that this channel is mostly sensitive to the behavior of the unpolarized gluon generalized parton distributions Hg in the Efremov-Radyushkin-Brodsky-Lepage kinematics. We estimated numerically the cross section and the expected counting rates in the kinematics of middle-energy photoproduction experiments, which can be realized at the future Electron-Ion Collider or in the ultraperipheral collisions at LHC. We found that the cross section is sufficiently large for dedicated experimental study. We also estimated the role of this process as a potential background to ηc photoproduction, which is considered as one of the possible gateways for studies of t-channel odderons. We found that the contribution of ηcγ (with undetected photon) is on par with expected contributions of odderons in the kinematics of small momentum transfer |t|≲0.5  GeV2, though decreases rapidly at larger |t|.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Real-Time Observation of Frustrated Ultrafast Recovery from Ionization in Nanostructured
SiO2
Using Laser-Driven Accelerators
Authors: Kennedy J. P. , Coughlan M. , Fitzpatrick C. R. J. , Huddleston H. M. , Smyth J. , Breslin N. , Donnelly H. , Villagomez-Bernabe B. , Rosmej O. N. , Currell F. , Stella L. , Riley D. , Zepf M. , Yeung M. , Lewis C. L. S. , Dromey B.
Published: September 2024

Ionizing radiation interactions in matter can trigger a cascade of processes that underpin long-lived damage in the medium. To date, however, a lack of suitable methodologies has precluded our ability to understand the role that material nanostructure plays in this cascade. Here, we use transient photoabsorption to track the lifetime of free electrons (τc) in bulk and nanostructured SiO2 (aerogel) irradiated by picosecond-scale (10−12  s) bursts of x rays and protons from a laser-driven accelerator. Optical streaking reveals a sharp increase in τc from <1  ps to >50  ps over a narrow average density (ρav) range spanning the expected phonon-fracton crossover in aerogels. Numerical modeling suggests that this discontinuity can be understood by a quenching of rapid, phonon-assisted recovery in irradiated nanostructured

SiO

2

. This is shown to lead to an extended period of enhanced energy density in the excited electron population. Overall, these results open a direct route to tracking how low-level processes in complex systems can underpin macroscopically observed phenomena and, importantly, the conditions that permit them to emerge.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Spontaneous Brain Activity Emerges from Pairwise Interactions in the Larval Zebrafish Brain
Authors: Rosch Richard E. , Burrows Dominic R. W. , Lynn Christopher W. , Ashourvan Arian
Published: September 2024

Brain activity is characterized by brainwide spatiotemporal patterns that emerge from synapse-mediated interactions between individual neurons. Calcium imaging provides access to recordings of whole-brain activity at single-neuron resolution and, therefore, allows the study of how large-scale brain dynamics emerge from local activity. In this study, we use a statistical mechanics approach—the pairwise maximum entropy model—to infer microscopic network features from collective patterns of activity in the larval zebrafish brain and relate these features to the emergence of observed whole-brain dynamics. Our findings indicate that the pairwise interactions between neural populations and their intrinsic activity states are sufficient to explain observed whole-brain dynamics. In fact, the pairwise relationships between neuronal populations estimated with the maximum entropy model strongly correspond to observed structural connectivity patterns. Model simulations also demonstrated how tuning pairwise neuronal interactions drives transitions between observed physiological regimes and pathologically hyperexcitable whole-brain regimes. Finally, we use virtual resection to identify the brain structures that are important for maintaining the brain in a physiological dynamic regime. Together, our results indicate that whole-brain activity emerges from a complex dynamical system that transitions between basins of attraction whose strength and topology depend on the connectivity between brain areas.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Simulating the induction welding process of thermoplastic composite materials for aircraft structures
Authors: Polydoropoulou Panagiota , Cosma Leonardo , Labeas George , Markatos Dionysios , Dotoli Rosario , Felline Francesca
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to use two different numerical approaches to simulate the induction welding process for a hybrid thermoplastic material, and the results have been validated experimentally.

Design/methodology/approach

The first approach used a numerical model that combines electromagnetism, heat transfer and solid mechanics in the same numerical environment using Hexagon Marc software. Simultaneously, a computationally efficient approach combined steady-state electromagnetism results at specific intervals in the Ansys EM suite with heat transfer and solid mechanics in Ansys Workbench.

Findings

The results from both numerical approaches showed a strong correlation with the experimental findings.

Originality/value

The current research offers valuable insights into enhancing induction welding procedures within the aerospace industry, as well as across broader industrial applications. The synergistic combination of numerical simulations and experimental validation served as a robust framework for future research endeavors aimed at enhancing the efficiency, reliability and quality of thermoplastic welding techniques.
Emotional regulation, self-compassion and adaptive functioning in parents: a comparative study in families of neurodevelopmental disorder and typically developing children
Authors: Avdiu Festona , Hyseni Duraku Zamira
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the associations between emotional regulation strategies, self-compassion and adaptive functioning in families of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in comparison to families with typically developing (TD) children.

Design/methodology/approach

This cross-sectional study used a comprehensive set of validated measures to assess emotional regulation strategies, self-compassion and adaptive functioning. The study cohort consisted of 116 parents; 58 parents of children with NDD and 58 parents of TD children. The mean age of the children was 6.40 years (SD = 1.82).

Findings

The findings indicate that higher self-compassion is associated with improved adaptive functioning, evidenced by reduced levels of internalizing (depression, anxiety, withdrawal, somatic complaints) and externalizing (aggressive behaviors) problems. Parents of children with NDD reported greater levels of depression, anxiety and withdrawal compared to parents of TD children. Parents of TD children used cognitive reappraisal more frequently and exhibited higher levels of self-compassion, whereas the use of expressive suppression was more prevalent among parents of children with NDD.

Practical implications

These findings highlight the need for family-centered and tailored interventions that promote self-compassion and adaptive emotional regulation strategies to reduce internalizing and externalizing problems among parents of children with NDD. By providing comprehensive psychological support and accessible community resources, parental ability to cope with stress may be improved, fostering adaptive functioning that benefits both parents and children with NDD.

Originality/value

This study introduces a novel perspective on the importance of self-compassion and emotional regulation strategies in protecting and improving the mental well-being of parents with neurodevelopmental disorder children. It provides valuable insights for targeted interventions in NDD families, focusing on reducing the risk of mental health deterioration while promoting emotional resilience.
Blockchain applications in the agri-food sector: current insights, challenges and research avenues
Authors: Terrizzi Giovanna , Marino Alba , Cinici Maria Cristina , Baglieri Daniela
Published: September 2024

Purpose

With the growing entrepreneurial enthusiasm surrounding blockchain, there has been a notable surge in academic discussions regarding the business implications of integrating this technology into the agri-food industry. This trend is expected to persist and evolve in the future. Hence, there is a need to organize and consolidate the existing knowledge, discern prevailing trends and articulate a comprehensive roadmap for guiding future research endeavors in this domain.

Design/methodology/approach

We combine bibliometric network analyses with a detailed systematic review of the related management literature published between 2008 and 2022.

Findings

Our results indicate that debate has clustered around the operations management domain, with a dominance of practice-oriented topics. Most of the literature has been published in top-tier journals, with a recent opening toward empirical research and conceptualization efforts. Both signs show that scholars have acknowledged the prominence of the construct and started to theorize about it. Eventually, the analysis provides a conceptual map, unveils the trends emerging in the received studies and yields conclusions that are helpful to scholars engaging with digital tools in traditional industries.

Originality/value

Our approach blends quantitative analysis with a comprehensive and systematic overview, providing a complementary viewpoint on the topic.
What influences women’s participation in the private sector workforce in Oman?
Authors: Belwal Rakesh , Belwal Shweta , AlHashemi Suhaila Ebrahim
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Women’s employment has been a contentious issue in the Arab world. However, in today’s changing work conditions, workplaces, and the growth in education, women have increasingly occupied higher-level roles, and their presence in diverse industries has expanded. The study takes a holistic approach to female labor force participation (FLFP) in Oman, encompassing various theories and factors influencing women’s engagement in private sector jobs.

Design/methodology/approach

The research employed an exploratory design followed by a qualitative analysis based on a constructivist grounded theory approach. The study involved 170 semi-structured face-to-face interviews with women workers in Oman’s private sector. It explored work–family conflict (WFC), work–life balance (WLB), organizational and family support, and societal bias impacting female labor force participation.

Findings

The low FLFP in Oman’s private sector is a complex issue shaped by various interconnected challenges. Our qualitative analysis synthesizes a conceptual framework that highlights WFC and WLB as pivotal factors behind low FLFP, as women in the private sector face long work hours, low salaries, and high responsibilities. Our study confirms that these women receive substantial familial support in dealing with WFC but lack organizational support and family-friendly policies (FFPs).

Practical implications

Addressing the low participation of women in Oman’s private sector labor force necessitates comprehensive strategies encompassing legislative measures, cultural shifts, and organizational reforms. Implementing these strategies creates an environment where women feel empowered to participate and actively thrive in the private sector workforce.

Social implications

This study indicates the presence of some serious social issues, such as society’s bias, lack of support for working women, and the gender gap in the private sector workforce, which has broad implications and significance for Oman. The study indicates the positive role of support women receive from their families, organizations, and Oman labor law and what could improve their participation further.

Originality/value

This study addresses the limited research on challenges encountered by women in Oman’s private-sector workforce. Our research addresses this gap by answering key questions, collecting and interpreting data, and developing a comprehensive conceptual framework. This framework aims to elucidate the factors contributing to women’s reluctance to pursue private-sector employment, considering the diverse issues they confront.
Hospitality in the age of Gen Z: a critical reflection on evolving customer and workforce expectations
Authors: Seyfi Siamak , Vo-Thanh Tan , Zaman Mustafeed
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Gen Z, the largest and fastest-growing consumer generation, is transforming the hospitality industry as both customers and employees. By critically synthesizing empirical literature, this study aims to explore how this generation’s distinct behaviors are reshaping customer expectations and workforce trends within the sector.

Design/methodology/approach

A critical synthesis of empirical studies was used to examine current research on Gen Z as customers and employees in the hospitality industry.

Findings

Gen Z exhibits distinct preferences and expectations in their dual roles as customers and employees, prompting substantial shifts in hospitality industry standards and practices. They rely heavily on digital channels and peer recommendations when making travel decisions and expect highly personalized, tech-enabled experiences. This young cohort of travelers values unique, authentic and sustainable offerings. As employees, Gen Z prioritizes flexible work arrangements, career growth and workplaces aligned with sustainability, diversity and social responsibility. Hospitality providers must adapt their customer experience, marketing and HR strategies to meet these evolving demands.

Practical implications

To engage Gen Z customers and employees in the hospitality industry effectively, businesses must prioritize personalized experiences, leverage technology and adopt sustainable practices aligned with Gen Z’s social and environmental values. Moreover, offering adaptable work environments with remote opportunities and investing in professional development enhances appeal for Gen Z employees. Understanding Gen Z’s values and behaviors can help businesses improve customer satisfaction, attract top talent and remain competitive in a rapidly evolving market.

Originality/value

This study represents a preliminary endeavor to provide a critical assessment of Gen Z in the hospitality and tourism sector, offering novel insights into their travel behaviors, preferences and work values. It explores their expectations, attitudes toward work and career choices, offering guidance on how businesses can meet the evolving demands of this key demographic.
Effects of customer inoculation on artificial intelligence service failure
Authors: Meng Lu (Monroe) , Chen Jiuqi , Yang Mengya , Wang Yijie
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of customer inoculation strategies in the context of AI service failures in the hospitality and tourism industries. Furthermore, it examines how these strategies can enhance customer complaint behavior and satisfaction with service recovery, thereby improving the overall service experience.

Design/methodology/approach

Four distinct studies were conducted: Study 1 investigated the influence of customer inoculation on complaint behavior post-AI service failure. Study 2 assessed the impact of service remedies on customer satisfaction. Study 3 explored the implications of initial purchase and usage intentions. Finally, Study 4 validated the findings using a large-scale online survey.

Findings

The results indicated that customer inoculation significantly increases customer complaint behavior and satisfaction with service remedies following AI service failures. They also showed that this relationship is mediated by psychological distance. Furthermore, customer inoculation positively affects initial purchase and usage intentions, demonstrating effectiveness at various customer engagement stages.

Practical implications

This study enriches the literature on AI hospitality service failure and recovery by introducing the novel concept of customer inoculation. Additionally, it significantly contributes to the inoculation theory literature, which covers diverse fields. Practically, this study proposes an efficient and low-cost strategy for marketers.

Originality/value

This study introduces the concept of customer inoculation in the context of AI service failures, a novel approach in the hospitality and tourism literature. It provides empirical evidence of the efficacy of the strategy, bridging a crucial gap in understanding customer behavior in the face of technological disruptions.
A critical insight into the intersection of sustainability and technology
Authors: Afaq Anam , Gaur Loveleen , Singh Gurmeet , Erben Michal , Ferraris Alberto
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the role of blockchain (BCT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in enhancing and incentivizing environmentally responsible, socially inclusive and economically viable tourism practices within the hospitality and tourism (H&T) industry.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on a critical reflection research approach that enables a synthesis of information derived from existing literature's insights and the authors' experiences and observations. By examining frameworks and theories in the literature, critical reflection also helps develop a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Findings

This study portrays how BCT could be used to track the sustainability credentials of tourism providers and how AI can optimize energy usage in hotels. This study depicts how adopting technology-driven sustainable practices in the H&T industry can increase profitability, improve reputation, compliance with regulations, efficiency and a better guest experience.

Practical implications

The study suggests targeted actions and policy frameworks that can be tailored to different stakeholder groups (hospitality businesses, policymakers and tourists) to overcome barriers and maximize the positive societal and environmental impacts of adopting BCT and AI for sustainable tourism.

Originality/value

The originality of this study lies in its ability to offer new perspectives and novel recommendations on the diverse uses of AI and BCT in the context of sustainable tourism. Furthermore, the study provides strategic and policy elements (Targeted actions and policy frameworks) for stakeholders to integrate sustainable tourism practices using BCT and AI successfully. This study differs from earlier review studies that primarily focused on adopting emerging technologies and ignoring the sustainability angle in the use of technology.
Understanding the role of exploitative leadership in inhibiting service innovative behavior: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Zhao Lijing , Bao Shashan , Jolly Phillip M. , Su Yi
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate how and when exploitative leadership hinders hospitality employees’ service innovative behavior. Based on the conservation of resource theory, the authors examined the mediating role of relational energy and the moderating impact of sensitivity to interpersonal mistreatment on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Two-wave data collection from 54 hotel leaders and 266 subordinates in China resulted in 266 supervisor–subordinate matched data sets. Structural equation modeling analyses were used for data analysis.

Findings

Exploitative leadership is negatively related to hospitality employees’ service innovative behavior via diminished employee relational energy. Furthermore, employees with high sensitivity to interpersonal mistreatment experience intensified negative impact of exploitative leadership on relational energy and subsequent service innovation behavior.

Research limitations/implications

Hotel management must recognize and mitigate the effects of exploitative leadership to foster an environment conducive to service innovation. In addition, hotel managers should be attuned to the employees’ relational energy, recognizing its essential role in driving innovative behavior.

Originality/value

This research contributes insights into how exploitative leadership style impedes employee service innovation behavior. It further illuminates the role of relational energy as a critical mediator in this relationship.
Drivers of social sustainability practices: quality management, human capital and innovation
Authors: Tarí Juan José , Pertusa-Ortega Eva M. , López-Gamero María D. , Pereira-Moliner Jorge
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationships between quality management, human capital and innovation (both incremental and radical), and social sustainability practices in hospitality. Also considered are the mediating roles of human capital and innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

The study considers 365 hotels located in Spain, using a structural equation model based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis.

Findings

The findings show that quality management practices, human capital and incremental innovation all have a direct relationship with social sustainability practices. Human capital and incremental innovation partially mediate the relationship between quality management and social sustainability practices. Radical innovation has no impact on social sustainability practices and does not play a mediating role.

Research limitations/implications

This study enriches the literature on social sustainability in hospitality by showing that quality management, human capital and innovation can enhance social sustainability practices. It offers practical insights by understanding key drivers for promoting social sustainability in the hospitality sector.

Originality/value

Prior research in hospitality has not used a mediation model to empirically examine the aforementioned relationships.