bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifaced Nature of Yohimbine—A Promising Therapeutic Potential or a Risk?
Authors: Nowacka Agnieszka , Śniegocka Martyna , Śniegocki Maciej , Ziółkowska Ewa , Bożiłow Dominika , Smuczyński Wojciech
Published: November 2024

A natural compound derived from the Pausinystalia yohimbe tree—yohimbine, has a rich history of use in traditional medicine and is currently being explored for its potential therapeutic applications. This indole alkaloid primarily acts as an antagonist of α2-adrenergic receptors. Initially recognized for its purported aphrodisiac properties, yohimbine has been investigated for a wide range of applications, including sports or the treatment of erectile dysfunction and metabolic disorders. However, toxicological concerns exist, particularly at higher doses. Ongoing researches help to fully assess yohimbine’s efficacy and safety profile and to explore strategies for enhancing its bioavailability and reducing toxicity. This review examines the multifaceted nature of yohimbine, delving into both its promising therapeutic potential and the associated risks.
Decoding the Nucleolar Role in Meiotic Recombination and Cell Cycle Control: Insights into Cdc14 Function
Authors: Alonso-Ramos Paula , Carballo Jesús A.
Published: November 2024

The cell cycle, essential for growth, reproduction, and genetic stability, is regulated by a complex network of cyclins, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs), phosphatases, and checkpoints that ensure accurate cell division. CDKs and phosphatases are crucial for controlling cell cycle progression, with CDKs promoting it and phosphatases counteracting their activity to maintain balance. The nucleolus, as a biomolecular condensate, plays a key regulatory role by serving as a hub for ribosome biogenesis and the sequestration and release of various cell cycle regulators. This phase separation characteristic of the nucleolus is vital for the specific and timely release of Cdc14, required for most essential functions of phosphatase in the cell cycle. While mitosis distributes chromosomes to daughter cells, meiosis is a specialized division process that produces gametes and introduces genetic diversity. Central to meiosis is meiotic recombination, which enhances genetic diversity by generating crossover and non-crossover products. This process begins with the introduction of double-strand breaks, which are then processed by numerous repair enzymes. Meiotic recombination and progression are regulated by proteins and feedback mechanisms. CDKs and polo-like kinase Cdc5 drive recombination through positive feedback, while phosphatases like Cdc14 are crucial for activating Yen1, a Holliday junction resolvase involved in repairing unresolved recombination intermediates in both mitosis and meiosis. Cdc14 is released from the nucleolus in a regulated manner, especially during the transition between meiosis I and II, where it helps inactivate CDK activity and promote proper chromosome segregation. This review integrates current knowledge, providing a synthesis of these interconnected processes and an overview of the mechanisms governing cell cycle regulation and meiotic recombination.
Current Status of Synthetic Mammalian Embryo Models
Authors: Kim Haneul , Kim Eunhye
Published: November 2024

Advances in three-dimensional culture technologies have facilitated the development of synthetic embryo models, such as blastoids, through the co-culturing of diverse stem cell types. These in vitro models enable precise investigation of developmental processes, including gastrulation, neurulation, and lineage specification, thereby advancing our understanding of early embryogenesis. By providing controllable, ethically viable platforms, they help circumvent the limitations of in vivo mammalian embryo studies and contribute to developing regenerative medicine strategies. Nonetheless, ethical challenges, particularly regarding human applications, persist. Comparative studies across various species—such as mice, humans, non-human primates, and ungulates, like pigs and cattle—offer crucial insights into both species-specific and conserved developmental mechanisms. In this review, we outline the species-specific differences in embryonic development and discuss recent advancements in stem cell and synthetic embryo models. Specifically, we focus on the latest stem cell research involving ungulates, such as pigs and cattle, and provide a comprehensive overview of the improvements in synthetic embryo technology. These insights contribute to our understanding of species-specific developmental biology, help improve model efficiency, and guide the development of new models.
Prescription Design of Sinomenine Gel Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Kang Yiran , Shen Wei , Pan Shili , Lian Haiying , Ding Xuehui , Li Jingying , Zhu Jiaoyue , Wang Lin , Xu Wei
Published: November 2024

Sinomenine (SIN) is a drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, most of which is administered orally, but it is prone to adverse gastrointestinal effects. Gel can overcome the gastrointestinal adverse effects caused by oral administration. In this paper, a multiscale computational pharmaceutics strategy was developed to guide the systematic study of formulation factors of a SIN gel and, further, to guide the formulation design. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulations method was utilized to successfully screen the optimal prescription of SIN gel and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms affecting the quality of SIN gel. The optimal prescription was 3.0% of SIN, 1.0% of Carbopol (Cp), 30% of Ethanol (Eth), 5.0% of Glycerine (Gly) and 10.0% of Menthol (Men). The influence mechanism can be explained by the combination of multiple parameters, such as the microstructure diagram, the radius of gyration (Rg) and the radial distribution function (RDF). In vitro transdermal studies were carried out using a modified Franz diffusion cell method to evaluate the quality of the screened and reference prescriptions. The results showed that the cumulative penetration and penetration rate of the screening of prescription were better than the reference formulation. Most important of all, the simulation results are in good agreement with the in vitro release experiment, indicating that the strategy has good applicability. This study was able to accurately optimize the formulation and elucidate the molecular mechanism, which would provide a reference for further research on SIN and gel.
Adapted Taekwondo Improves Postural Balance and Health-Related Quality of Life Concerning Multicomponent Training and Walking Exercise in Older Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial (TKD and Aging Project)
Authors: Valdés-Badilla Pablo , Herrera-Valenzuela Tomás , Guzmán-Muñoz Eduardo , Hernandez-Martinez Jordan , Cid-Calfucura Izham , Vásquez-Carrasco Edgar , Aristegui-Mondaca Juan , Aravena-Sagardia Pablo , Mota Jorge , Zapata-Bastias José , Luarte-Rocha Cristian , Branco Braulio Henrique Magnani
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare the effects of an adapted taekwondo (TKD) program, multicomponent training (MCT), walking exercise (WE), and inactive control group (CG) on blood pressure, morphological variables, frequency of food consumption, cognitive status, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical fitness tests, and postural balance in independent older females. Methods: A randomized controlled trial study was conducted with the following groups: TKD (n = 13), MCT (n = 12), WE (n = 12), and CG (n = 14), considering three/weekly 60-min/sessions for 16-weeks. A two-factor mixed analysis of the variance model with repeated measures was performed. Results: TKD improved significantly more in phonetic fluency (p = 0.021; ES = 1.89) than WE and in general health (p = 0.033; ES = 1.11) than CG. Both TKD and MCT improved significantly more than CG in the 30 s chair stand, arm curl, chair sit-and-reach, timed up-and-go, maximal isometric handgrip strength, and postural balance for the eyes closed condition in the area and anteroposterior velocity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Only TKD improved the area (p = 0.008; ES = 1.00) and mediolateral velocity (p = 0.019; ES = 0.79) for the eyes open condition, and mediolateral velocity (p = 0.021; ES = 1.57) for the eyes closed condition. Blood pressure, morphological variables, and food consumption frequency showed no significant intragroup or intergroup interactions. TKD equivalently improved HRQoL and physical fitness to MCT, with better postural balance in older females.
Associated Medial Meniscal Injury with ACL Reconstruction Results in Poorer Strength and Jump Tests Outcomes: A 6-Month Analysis of 504 Patients from the MERIScience Cohort
Authors: Cazemajou Clément , Marty-Diloy Thibault , Graveleau Nicolas , Laboudie Pierre , Bouguennec Nicolas
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), a 6-month composite test is recommended during rehabilitation before the return to sport, and the influence of a meniscal tear is not known. The hypothesis was that the location and treatment of meniscus injuries could influence the results of the composite test. Methods: A retrospective single-center study was carried out of prospectively collected data involving 504 patients who performed a composite test 6 months after ACLR. Isolated ACLR was compared to ACLR with medial meniscus injuries (MM), lateral meniscus injuries (LM), and bimeniscal injuries (BM) using a composite test including a single-leg squat (SLS), a single-leg landing (SLL), a single hop for distance (SHD), a triple hop for distance (THD) and a side-hop test (Side-HT), isokinetic strength tests, and an assessment of the anterior cruciate ligament—return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI). Results: Compared with isolated ACLR, MM injury was associated with a quadricipital deficit at a velocity of 240°/s (14% ± 14% vs. 18% ± 18%, p = 0.02), hamstring deficit at 30°/s (14% ± 18% vs. 18% ± 18%, p = 0.02) and an increase in the hamstring/quadricipital ratio at 240°/s (68% ± 27% vs. 80% ± 67% p = 0.02). Furthermore, ACLR + MM or ML injuries in the operated knee generated an increase in the dynamic valgus frequency detected by the SLS, respectively (40% ± 49% vs. 51% ± 50%, p = 0. 05) and (40% ± 49% vs. 54% ± 50%, p = 0.02). Meniscal repair and meniscectomies showed no differences. Conclusions: These results show that meniscal injuries lead to muscle imbalance for MM injuries and impaired neuromuscular control for MM and LM injuries and suggest that meniscal repairs should be done. Moreover, rehabilitation must be adapted to meniscus injuries.
Prognostic Value of Ultra-Short Heart Rate Variability Measures Obtained from Electrocardiogram Recordings of Hospitalized Patients Diagnosed with Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Reshef Maya , Perek Shay , Odeh Tamer , Hamati Khalil , Raz-Pasteur Ayelet
Published: November 2024

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common emergency with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Current risk stratification scores for non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI) use subjective or delayed information. Heart rate variability was shown to correlate with prognosis following MI. This study aimed to evaluate ultra-short heart rate variability (usHRV) as a prognostic factor in NSTEMI patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 183 NSTEMI patients admitted to Rambam Health Care Campus in 2014. usHRV measures, including the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), were calculated. Logistic regression assessed whether clinical, laboratory, or usHRV parameters predicted severe in-hospital complications like heart failure (HF), atrial flutter/fibrillation (AFL/AF), ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF), and atrioventricular block (AVB). Both Cox and logistic regression were used for survival analysis. Results: Of 183 patients (71.6% male, mean age 67.1), 35 (19%) died within 2 years. In-hospital complications included 39 cases (21.3%) of HF, 3 cases (1.6%) of VT/VF, and 9 cases (4.9%) of AVB. Lower usHRV was significantly associated with higher mortality at 2 years and showed marginal significance at 90 days and 1 year. Increased usHRV was linked to a higher risk of in-hospital ventricular arrhythmia (VT/VF). Conclusions: Overall, this study is in agreement with previous research, showing a correlation between low usHRV and a higher mortality risk. However, the association between usHRV and the risk of VT/VF demands further investigation. More expansive prospective studies are needed to strengthen the observed associations.
COVID-19 and Cardiac Arrhythmias: Lesson Learned and Dilemmas
Authors: Blasi Federico , Vicenzi Marco , De Ponti Roberto
Published: November 2024

Over the last few years, COVID-19 has attracted medical attention both in terms of healthcare system reorganization and research. Among the different cardiovascular complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, cardiac arrhythmias represent an important clinical manifestation requiring proper therapy both in the acute and post-acute phase. The multiparametric in-hospital monitoring of COVID-19 patients frequently detects new-onset or recurrent cardiac arrhythmias. As many patients are monitored remotely from cardiology departments, this setting calls for proper arrhythmia interpretation and management, especially in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. From this perspective, the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms and the main clinical manifestations of brady- and tachyarrhythmias in COVID-19 patients are briefly presented. The progressively increasing body of evidence on pathophysiology helps to identify the reversible causes of arrhythmias, better clarify the setting in which they occur, and establish their impact on prognosis, which are of paramount importance to orient decision making. Despite the accumulating knowledge on this disease, some dilemmas in the management of these patients may remain, such as the need to implant in the acute or post-acute phase a permanent pacemaker or cardioverter/defibrillation in patients presenting with brady- or tachyarrhythmias and lifelong oral anticoagulation in new-onset atrial fibrillation detected during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Preoperative Waiting Time Affects the Length of Stay of Patients Treated via Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in an Acute Care Surgical Setting
Authors: Bressan Livia , Cimino Matteo Maria , Vaccari Federica , Capozzela Eugenia , Biloslavo Alan , Porta Matteo , Bortul Marina , Kurihara Hayato
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Acute cholecystitis (AC) presents a significant burden in emergency surgical settings. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) is the standard of care for AC, yet its implementation varies. This study aims to assess the impact of preoperative waiting time (WT) on postoperative length of stay (LOS) in patients undergoing urgent cholecystectomy. Methods: From June 2021 to September 2022, data on patients undergoing urgent cholecystectomy for AC or pancreatitis were collected from two university hospitals. Patients were categorized into early (ELC) or delayed (DLC) cholecystectomy groups based on WT. The primary outcome was the assessment of the variables influencing LOS via univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: This study included 170 patients, predominantly female, with a median age of 64.50 years. ELC was performed in 58.2% of cases, with a median WT of 0 days, while DLC was performed in 41.8%, with a median WT of 3 days. Postoperative complications occurred in 21.8% of cases, with LOS being significantly shorter in the ELC group (median 5 days vs. 9 days; p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that WT (OR 8.08 (1.65–77.18; p = 0.033)) was the most important predictor of LOS. Conclusions: ELC is associated with a shorter LOS and with DLC, aligning with the WSES recommendations. Earlier surgery reduces the risk of complications and overall hospital costs. An extended WT contributes to a prolonged LOS, underscoring the importance of timely access to operating theaters for acute biliary pathologies.
Efficacy and Safety of CT-P13 as First- and Second-Line Treatment in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Uslu Sadettin , Gülle Semih , Sen Gercek , Capar Sedat , Senel Soner , Dalkılıc Ediz , Akar Servet , Koca Süleyman Serdar , Tufan Abdurrahman , Yazici Ayten , Yilmaz Sema , Inanc Nevsun , Birlik Merih , Solmaz Dilek , Cefle Ayse , Goker Berna , Direskeneli Haner , Yolbas Servet , Steen Krogh Niels , Yilmaz Neslihan , Erten Sükran , Bes Cemal , Soysal Gündüz Ozgül , Oztürk Mehmet Akif , Haznedaroglu Seminur , Yavuz Sule , Onen Fatos , Sari Ismail
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: CT-P13 is a biosimilar version of infliximab, a monoclonal antibody. In individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), CT-P13 has been shown to be effective and to have a well-tolerated safety profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term drug persistence, safety, and efficacy of infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 in patients with AS undergoing first-line (1st-line) and later (≥2nd-line) treatment in clinical practice. Methods: We performed an observational cohort study that included AS patients based on the biological drug database in the TURKBIO Registry between 2014 and 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: those receiving CT-P13 as first-line treatment or as a switch (≥2nd-line) from another TNF inhibitor (TNFi). Standard disease activity metrics were used to assess the effectiveness of CT-P13, and drug retention rates were investigated. Results: There were 179 AS patients using CT-P13 (47.4% male, mean age: 42.9 ± 11.3 years). Of these patients, 123 (68.7%) were receiving CT-P13 as a first-line treatment. The mean length of treatment was 3.5 years. CT-P13 drug retention rates in the general patient population were 58.6% and 48.2% in the first-line and ≥second-line treatment, respectively, after 3 years of follow-up. The most common reason for CT-P13 treatment discontinuation was lack of efficacy. The first-line CT-P13 group had statistically substantially higher ASAS20/40 response rates at three and six months. Nonetheless, both groups’ response rates at one year were comparable. Conclusions: In this real-world data analysis, AS patients who were TNFi naïve (1st-line) and subsequently treated (≥2nd-line) with CT-P13 showed encouraging drug retention rates with acceptable long-term effectiveness and safety.
The Utility of Indocyanine Green Near-Infrared Fluoroangiographyin Assessing Mastectomy Skin Flap Perfusion
Authors: Azzena Gian Paolo , Brambullo Tito , Ricci Federico , Pandis Laura , Marchet Alberto , Vindigni Vincenzo , Bassetto Franco
Published: November 2024

Background: Breast reconstruction with implants is now the preferred procedure following mastectomies. For successful reconstruction, accurate evaluation of the patient and skin flap viability is essential. This study aimed to analyze the impact of risk factors on mastectomy skin flap necrosis (MSFN) and the effectiveness of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in preventing complications. Methods: Fifty consecutive patients undergoing mastectomy were divided into two groups (arms A and B) based on the method of skin flap evaluation (ICGA vs. clinical assessment, respectively). Demographic details and the risk factor incidence were collected, and complication rates were compared between the two groups. Univariate analysis was conducted to identify correlations between mastectomy skin flap necrosis and the aforementioned risk factors. Results: The two groups showed comparable demographics and incidences of risk factors. Patients in arm A exhibited a lower rate of complications and reinterventions, although no significant differences were observed. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between BMI, implant volume, and MSFN. Conclusions: ICGA proves to be an effective diagnostic tool for assessing skin flap viability. When coupled with meticulous patient selection, it aids in preventing complications.
Sarcopenia in Women with Anorectal Dysfunctions—A Female Sarcopelvic Study
Authors: da Silva Vieira Ana Margarida Duarte , Pais Sandra , Martins Viviana , Castelo Barbara , Mascarenhas Saraiva Miguel
Published: November 2024

Background: Anorectal dysfunctions (ARDs) include fecal incontinence (FI) and functional defecation disorders (FDDs). The pelvic floor muscles play a central role in the physiology of continence and defecation. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in a female group with anorectal dysfunctions and compare them with a healthy female age-matched group. As secondary objectives, the relationship between anorectal dysfunction outcomes and sarcopenia was analyzed. Methods: We conducted a single-center cross-sectional, interventional, controlled, and double-blind study involving female adults admitted to an ARD outpatient clinic assessed for FI and/or FDD. A control group was also included of age-matched women without ARD. Sarcopenia was evaluated in the entire cohort, according to the latest criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software v.29, considering a confidence interval of 95%. Results: A total of 130 participants were included, equally divided by the two groups. The median age was 64 years. Both groups were also similar regarding body mass index (BMI), physical activity index values, and dietary patterns. Among the 130 investigated women, there were no cases of confirmed sarcopenia or severe sarcopenia, but 15 women (11.5%) had probable sarcopenia or dynapenia. The case group had significantly more probable sarcopenia than women in the control group (14 (21.5%) vs. 1 (1.5%), p < 0.001). The presence of relevant comorbidities, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), urinary incontinence (UI), and meat dietary pattern (MDP), was a risk factor for probable sarcopenia. The binomial logistic regression analysis showed that probable sarcopenia (OR 3.9; CI 1.1–14.1, p = 0.039) was associated with a worse treatment response. Conclusions: Probable sarcopenia or dynapenia was significantly more prevalent in women with ARD and was a predictive factor of a worse treatment response, regardless of the ARD severity. Concomitant UI, MDP, IBS, and psychiatric conditions were significantly associated with dynapenia. The inclusion of the evaluation of sarcopenia in these patients should be considered.
FACEmemory®, an Innovative Self-Administered Online Memory Assessment Tool
Authors: Alegret Montserrat , Blazquez-Folch Josep , Pérez Alba , Ortega Gemma , Espinosa Ana , Muñoz Nathalia , Sanabria Angela , García-Gutiérrez Fernando , Alarcon-Martin Emilio , Rosende-Roca Maitee , Vargas Liliana , Tartari Juan Pablo , Rentz Dorene M. , Valero Sergi , Ruiz Agustín , Boada Mercè , Marquié Marta
Published: November 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are currently underdiagnosed in the community, and early detection of cognitive deficits is crucial for timely intervention. FACEmemory®, the first completely self-administered online memory test with voice recognition, has been launched as an accessible tool to detect such deficits. This study aims to investigate the neuropsychological associations between FACEmemory subscores and cognitive composites derived from traditional paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests and to develop an optimal algorithm using FACEmemory data and demographics to discriminate cognitively healthy (CH) individuals from those with MCI. Methods: A total of 669 participants (266 CH, 206 non-amnestic MCI [naMCI], and 197 amnestic MCI [aMCI]) were included. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using a cognitive composite as the dependent variable and FACEmemory subscores and demographic data (age, sex, and schooling) as independent variables. Machine learning models were compared to identify an optimal algorithm for distinguishing between CH and MCI (whole MCI, aMCI, and naMCI). Results: Multiple regression analyses showed associations between FACEmemory scores and the domains of memory (ρ = 0.67), executive functions (ρ = 0.63), visuospatial/visuoperceptual abilities (ρ = 0.55), language (ρ = 0.43), praxis (ρ = 0.52), and attention (ρ = 0.31). An optimal algorithm distinguished between CH and aMCI, achieving a FACEmemory cutoff score of 44.5, with sensitivity and specificity values of 0.81 and 0.72, respectively. Conclusions: FACEmemory is a promising online tool for identifying early cognitive impairment, particularly aMCI. It may contribute to addressing the underdiagnosis of MCI and dementia in the community and in promoting preventive strategies.
Impact of Uniaxial Pre-Strains on the Forming Limit Curve (FLC) of CuZn 70-30 Brass Sheets for Enhanced Formability in Production Applications Using the Nakajima Test
Authors: Abed Aseel Hamad , Shwaish Raed R. , Abbas Asaad Ali , Mahdi Baha S. , Ahmed Waleed
Published: November 2024

Brass sheets are extensively utilized in the automotive, electrical, and other industries, where an in-depth understanding of their formability is crucial for achieving optimal performance in production applications. This study investigates the influence of uniaxial pre-strains on the Forming Limit Curve (FLC) of CuZn 70-30 brass sheets, which aims to enhance their formability by identifying and optimizing key forming parameters. Adding a new variable, the impact of uniaxial pre-strain upon FLC, was our aim of this study and, consequently, the CuZn 70-30 brass sheet formability using punch-stretching tests with purpose-built tools, we experimentally obtained FLCs for brass sheets under varying levels of pre-strain (0.04, 0.06, and 0.08) applied through uniaxial tension by using Nakajima tests with purpose-built tools. The objective was to understand how specific factors such as punch parameters, punch corner radius, and strain rate impact the FLC and, consequently, the brass sheets formability. Results indicate a distinct trend of increasing pre-strain levels leading to a significant rise in minor strain capacity along the right portionof the FLC, with a comparatively insignificant effect on the left. This consistent elevation across strain paths suggests improved formability due to pre-straining, highlighting the potential for optimized manufacturing processes and enhanced product quality across industrial applications.
Simulation Method and Application of Non-Stationary Random Fields for Deeply Dependent Seabed Soil Parameters
Authors: Zhang Zhengyang , Xu Guanlan , Pan Fengqian , Zhang Yan , Huang Junpeng , Zhou Zhenglong
Published: November 2024

The spatial variability of geotechnical parameters, such as soil shear wave velocity (Vs), exhibits significant nonlinearity and non-stationarity with respect to depth (h) due to the influence of overlying stress. Existing stochastic field models for describing the variability of geotechnical parameters are insufficient for simultaneously capturing both the nonlinearity and non-stationarity of these parameters. In this study, a power function Vs = Vs0[f(h)]n is proposed to describe the nonlinear trend in soil shear wave velocity (Vs) as a function of depth-related variable f(h). Considering the physical significance and correlation of the power function parameters Vs0 and n, the variability of these parameters is modeled using a random variable model and a stationary stochastic field model, respectively. This leads to the development of a non-stationary stochastic field model that describes the spatial variability of Vs. The proposed method is applied to simulate the random Vs-structure of a seabed site in China, and the obtained Vs results are used to assess the liquefaction probability of the seabed. The results indicate that ignoring the correlation between geotechnical parameters significantly increases the variability of the final simulation results. However, the proposed method accurately captures the nonlinear trend and non-stationary characteristics of soil Vs with depth, and the liquefaction probability predictions are consistent with those derived from in situ Vs measurements in the study area. This approach provides valuable guidance for simulating the spatial variability of depth-dependent geotechnical parameters, particularly those significantly influenced by overlying pressure.
Adaptive Tracking Method for Time-Varying Underwater Acoustic Channel Based on Dynamic Gaussian Window
Authors: Zhou Zemin , Chen Zhikuan , Wang Bin , Zhao Yunjiang , Lou Yi
Published: November 2024

The traditional recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm is limited in highly dynamic and noisy underwater channels. To overcome this, we introduce the time-varying Gaussian sliding window-based RLS (VGSRLS) algorithm, designed for enhanced channel tracking. The VGSRLS algorithm adaptively adjusts window length based on the signal’s instantaneous frequency variation. A rotation matrix reorients the Gaussian window toward the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) direction, increasing channel tracking accuracy. Further, the algorithm adapts the Gaussian window shape along the highest SNR direction by combining dynamic window length and anisotropic adjustments, effectively suppressing noise from other directions and enhancing SNR. Simulation results confirm that VGSRLS achieves superior channel estimation accuracy, showing reduced mean squared deviation (MSD) under typical noise conditions in underwater environments compared to the SRLS-DCD algorithm.
Elemental Composition and Morphometry of Rhyssoplax olivacea (Polyplacophora): Part I—Radula and Valves
Authors: Mygdalias Thomas , Varkoulis Anastasios , Voulgaris Konstantinos , Zaoutsos Stefanos , Vafidis Dimitris
Published: November 2024

Rhyssoplax olivacea is the most common Mediterranean polyplacophoran species; however, no information exists regarding the functionality of its skeleton. The present study describes allometric trends related to its valves and radula and examines their chemical composition using specimens from the Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean Sea. Differences in valve width and thickness were found among all three valves; in particular, the intermediate valve had a significantly shorter length compared to the two terminal ones. The intermediate valve exhibited different trends for valve length to valve width and valve length to valve thickness compared to the terminal valves. However, all valve morphometrics to body length appeared to adhere to a shared trend. The radula to body length exhibited positive allometry. Regarding the elemental composition, all three valves appeared to have similar elemental compositions; however, the element concentrations in the radula differed with the tooth type. Iron was always the dominant element, with the highest values reported for the major lateral tooth (83% wt%). This study provides valuable insights into the different aspects of the skeleton of R. olivacea, enabling future research to focus on the skeletal functionality from evolutionary and ecological perspectives.
The Determinants and Growth Effects of Foreign Direct Investment: A Comparative Study
Authors: Yang Sheng-Ping
Published: November 2024

This study examines the factors determining inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and its effects on productivity, ultimately contributing to economic growth. Using a two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) approach, we analyzed a panel of 84 countries, comprising 34 OECD and 50 non-OECD countries, from 2010 to 2019. The findings suggest that FDI positively impacts productivity and benefits both OECD and non-OECD countries. Economic freedom plays a significant role in attracting FDI, particularly in OECD countries, and contributes to economic growth in non-OECD countries. However, economic freedom alone does not guarantee strong economic growth in OECD countries but significantly enhances growth in non-OECD countries. The results also highlight that only economies with robust economic infrastructure and development levels benefit more from FDI. It appears that FDI by itself has no direct effect on output growth. Instead, the impact of FDI is contingent on the level of economic freedom in the host countries. This paper presents a key finding on how policy decisions influence the effects of foreign capital investment on productivity and income. It indicates that countries promoting economic freedom can more effectively leverage productivity gains from FDI.
Exploring the Effects of Farmland Transfer on Farm Household Well-Being: Evidence from Ore–Agriculture Compound Areas in Northwest China
Authors: Li Xueping , Shi Xingmin , Qin Yuhan
Published: November 2024

Due to long-term interactions between intensive resource exploitation and rapid social development, there are multiple challenges to maintaining and improving the well-being of farm households in ore–agriculture compound areas in Northwest China. However, few studies have focused on the effects of farmland transfer on farm household comprehensive well-being. This study collected 485 valid questionnaires through a structured questionnaire technique and then compared the well-being level and its five components between farm households who participated and did not participate in farmland transfer based on an index system of well-being. Further, a propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to estimate the net effects of farmland transfer on farm household well-being and its heterogeneity. The results showed the following. (1) Overall, farm household well-being in ore–agriculture compound areas in Northwest China was at a moderate level (mean value was 0.433), but there were large differences among its five components. The orders of the five components of well-being in the three study sites were consistent, and the well-being index of farm households participating in farmland transfer was generally greater than that of those not participating in farmland transfer. (2) The results of the PSM revealed that farmland transfer only increased the levels of well-being, security, and freedom of choice and action by 4.9%, 8.8% and 6.1%, respectively. (3) The younger the household heads and the higher their education levels, the greater the effects of farmland transfer on farm household well-being. Local government sectors should continue to improve their farmland transfer system and strengthen institutional innovation. Meanwhile, venerable groups’ well-being should be paid more attention in the process of farmland transfer.
Planning Policies and Housing Development: Evaluating Ireland’s Fast-Track Planning Scheme 2017–2021
Authors: Yang Hualuoye , Redmond Declan , Williams Brendan
Published: November 2024

This article examines the impact of neoliberal political–economic orientations on urban planning policies through a case study of Ireland’s Strategic Housing Development (SHD) fast-track planning scheme. By evaluating SHD applications from 2017 to 2021, this study assesses the scheme’s effectiveness in housing development in County Dublin and addresses how neoliberal policies affect planning objectives. The findings reveal that, although the SHD scheme expedited planning approvals, it faced significant challenges, including high rates of judicial review and low commencement rates for approved developments. These issues hindered the scheme’s capacity to address housing shortages effectively. The research highlights that market-driven policies often shape urban development patterns in ways that misalign with policy goals, potentially compromising social equity and long-term sustainability. By exploring the tensions between planning efficiency, industry interests, and broader policy objectives, this study contributes to ongoing debates about the role of neoliberalism in urban planning. It concludes by advocating for a more integrated approach to urban governance—one that balances economic imperatives with social and environmental priorities to promote sustainable and equitable development.
The Impact of Outsourcing Service Adoption on Pesticide Application Reduction from the Perspective of the Principal–Agent Theory: An Empirical Study from Rural China
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Hanyue , Liu Chongxu , Li Mengding , Xu Dingde
Published: November 2024

Pesticide application has significantly aided global agriculture, but the overuse of pesticides also poses a threat to sustainable agriculture development in the future. The application of outsourcing services in the pesticide application process is a good way to promote pesticide reduction, but the actual effect is not satisfactory. The possible reason is ignorance of the regulatory role of supervision and land management scale. Based on the data of 1490 corn growers, this research investigates how outsourcing service application affects pesticide application intensity through the principal–agent theory through the instrumental variable method and examines the moderator effect of supervision and land management scale. The study found that: (1) Farmers who applied outsourcing services during pesticide application process constituted 15% of the farmers in the sample, and the average pesticide cost per 0.000667 km2 was USD 7.59; (2) The use of outsourcing services in the pesticide application process can lower the pesticide application intensity; (3) The application of outsourcing services in the pesticide application process has received the regulatory role of supervision and land management scale in reducing the intensity of pesticide application. Specifically, supervision can play a positive regulatory role, and land management scale plays a negative regulatory role. The research is helpful to deepen the understanding of the correlation between outsourcing service adoption and pesticide application reduction and provide decision-making reference for the formulation and improvement of pesticide reduction-related policies.
Automated Screening of Precancerous Cervical Cells Through Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning
Authors: Chun Jaewoo , Yu Ando , Ko Seokhwan , Chong Gunoh , Park Jiyoung , Han Hyungsoo , Park Nora Jeeyoung , Cho Junghwan
Published: November 2024

Cervical cancer is a significant health challenge, yet it can be effectively prevented through early detection. Cytology-based screening is critical for identifying cancerous and precancerous lesions; however, the process is labor-intensive and reliant on trained experts to scan through hundreds of thousands of mostly normal cells. To address these challenges, we propose a novel distribution-augmented approach using contrastive self-supervised learning for detecting abnormal squamous cervical cells from cytological images. Our method utilizes color augmentations to enhance the model’s ability to differentiate between normal and high-grade precancerous cells; specifically, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and atypical squamous cells–cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H). Our model was trained exclusively on normal cervical cell images and achieved high diagnostic accuracy, demonstrating robustness against color distribution shifts. We employed kernel density estimation (KDE) to assess cell type distributions, further facilitating the identification of abnormalities. Our results indicate that our approach improves screening accuracy and reduces the workload for cytopathologists, contributing to more efficient cervical cancer screening programs.
Therapeutic Effects of Taurine and Histidine Supplementation in Retinal Diseases
Authors: Lee Deokho , Smith Lois E. H.
Published: November 2024

Amino acids are basic building blocks of structural proteins and enzymes. They also act as signaling molecules and as fuel. They are characterized as essential if sufficient quantities must be supplied exogenously or as non-essential if they can be endogenously synthesized. Appropriate intake of amino acids not only prevents the development of metabolic diseases but also can reduce the progression of some disease states. Amino acids are strongly associated with retinal metabolism in physiology and pathology. Nonetheless, there is a lack of robust clinical studies supporting the benefits of amino acid supplementation in retinopathy. In this review, we summarize preclinical evidence concerning the potential of supplementing the amino acids taurine and histidine to provide protection against diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. We suggest further directions for studying amino acid-based therapeutic interventions for eye diseases.
Changes in Secondary Metabolites Content and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Leaves of Two Prunus avium L. Genotypes During Various Phenological Phases
Authors: Kubes Jan , Hnilicka Frantisek , Vachova Pavla , Kudrna Jiri , Tunklova Barbora , Mrkacek Miloslav , Rygl Tomas
Published: November 2024

In addition to its fruit, the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) has other parts that can be used as a source of compounds with beneficial biological activity. The content of these metabolites is affected by different inner and outer factors, often as a response to plant defense against various stresses. Leaves of two P. avium. genotypes, Kordia and Regina, grafted on the same rootstock, were analyzed from trees grown in orchards in six different phenological phases for two years. The content of several groups of phenolic compounds, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity of the extracts, and enzyme activity were observed via colorimetric methods on a UV/Vis spectrophotometer. The obtained data showed that the content of metabolites and other parameters in these two genotypes are dependent on the term of harvest, as well as environmental conditions, mainly temperature, but sunshine duration and rainfall also had a certain effect on the compounds in the leaves of Kordia and Regina. Even though the differences between these genotypes were not always significant, it is important to consider the right time to harvest the leaves of the sweet cherry, as their content could vary as a result of the reaction to various other conditions and could reflect the resistance of the chosen genotype.
Transforming Hemophilia A Care: Insights into New Therapeutic Options
Authors: Iurea Iasmina-Maria , Severin Emilia , Matei Alexandra
Published: November 2024

Hemophilia A is a hereditary bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor VIII, leading to significant morbidity and a reduced quality of life. This review provides an updated overview of the current understanding of hemophilia A, highlighting its genetic underpinnings and advancements in treatment strategies. A literature review was conducted using various available databases. Relevant studies on hemophilia A, covering genetics and treatment options, were selected and summarized. Recent developments in gene therapy are discussed, showcasing their potential to offer long-term solutions and reduce the burden of treatment. Additionally, the review addresses global disparities in care and policy implications, emphasizing the need for comprehensive healthcare frameworks to improve outcomes for individuals living with hemophilia A worldwide. By synthesizing recent findings and insights, this review aims to inform clinicians and policymakers about the evolving landscape of hemophilia A management and the necessity for equitable access to care.
Destination Therapy Strategies of Advanced Heart Failure in Elderly Non-Heart Transplant Candidates: A Propensity Matching Analysis from the LEVO-D and REGALAD Registries
Authors: Dobarro David , Raposeiras-Roubin Sergio , Almenar-Bonet Luis , Solé-González Eduard , Padilla-Lopez Mireia , Diez-Lopez Carles , Castrodeza Javier , García-Cosío Maria Dolores , Cobo-Marcos Marta , Tobar Javier , Codina Pau , Lopez-Fernandez Silvia , Pastor Francisco , Rangel-Sousa Diego , Barge-Caballero Eduardo , Diaz-Molina Beatriz , Barrio-Rodriguez Alfredo , Burgos-Palacios Virginia , Álvarez-García Jesús , González-Fernández Oscar , Grau-Sepulveda Andrés , Garcia-Pinilla José Manuel , Ruiz-Bustillo Sonia , Mendez-Fernández Ana B. , Vaqueriza-Cubillo David , Sagasti-Aboitiz Igor , Rodriguez-Santamarta Miguel , Lozano-Bahamonde Ainara , Abecia Ana , Gómez-Otero Inés , Marzoa Raquel , González-Babarro Eva , Gómez-Bueno Manuel , Gonzalez-Costello José
Published: November 2024

Heart transplantation (HT) is the gold standard therapy for advanced heart failure (ADHF), and LVADs as destination therapy are an option in non-HT candidates. Most patients with ADHF never receive HT or an LVAD, so alternative strategies are needed. Intermittent levosimendan can reduce HF hospitalizations in ADHF patients in the short term. It is uncertain whether the results of the comparison of inotropes with older-generation LVADs would have the same outcomes in the current era of ADHF patients treated with levosimendan, who are less sick but older. In this paper, we compare the use of two therapeutic strategies for end-stage HF in patients who are not candidates for HT: repetitive intermittent levosimendan vs. LVAD as destination therapy. To do so, we compare two multicenter cohorts of real-life patients from Spain: the LEVO-D registry and the REGALAD registry. In total, 715 patients coming from the two registries were found: 403 from LEVO-D and 312 from REGALAD. Non-adjusted median survival was shorter for LEVO-D patients, with the benefit for the LVADs seen only after the first year of therapy. The survival advantage for the LVAD cohort was also true after analysis of the matched cohort but, as in the non-matched analysis, the survival benefit was mainly shown after one year of follow-up. We conclude that in elderly ADHF non-HT candidates, LVAD therapy offers significantly better long-term outcomes when compared to intermittent levosimendan; thus, it should be considered in carefully selected candidates. On the other hand, in poor LVAD candidates or highly comorbid patients, intermittent inotropic support with levosimendan could be a reasonable alternative to LVAD, as 1-year outcomes are similar.
A Second Chance for Failed Projects Using Data Envelopment Analysis Based on Project Attractiveness Factors
Authors: Isied Mahmoud , Daneshvar Sahand
Published: November 2024

Assessing project profitability using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) is a common practice. However, these metrics often overlook key differences between new and existing projects, leading to potential data uncertainty and the failure to capture the complex interrelationships among influencing factors. This paper introduces data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a supplementary tool to identify the most efficient year within a project’s lifecycle, optimize inputs and outputs, and evaluate the factors most impacting the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs). By optimizing these values, the paper reexamines NPV, IRR, and MIRR to allow for a comparison with the original assessment. If profitability improves, the project becomes more attractive, with the modified inputs and outputs serving as the new benchmark. A case study of a non-viable road project demonstrates this approach. While NPV, IRR, and MIRR showed improvement, the project remained unappealing under optimal conditions. Additionally, a simulated dataset, based on case study parameters, revealed enhanced profitability and new project viability when analyzed. With revised input and output values, the project’s appeal and viability were significantly improved.
Sphere Coverage in n Dimensions
Authors: Tabirca Tatiana , Zou Fangda , Tabirca Sabin
Published: November 2024

This paper presents some theoretical results on the sphere coverage problem in the n-dimensional space. These results refer to the minimal number of spheres, denoted by Nk(a), to cover a cuboid. The first properties outline some theoretical results for the numbers Nk(a), including sub-additivity and monotony on each variable. We use then these results to establish some lower and upper bounds for Nk(a), as well as for the minimal density of spheres to achieve k-coverage. Finally, a computation is proposed to approximate the Nk(a) numbers, and some tables are produced to show them for 2D and 3D cuboids.