bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ordering and Reverse Ordering Mechanisms of Triblock Copolymers in the Presence of Solvent
Authors: Maniadis Panagiotis , Rasmussen Kim O. , Thompson Russell B. , Kober Edward M.
Published: March 2009

Self-consistent field theory is used to study the self-assembly of a triblock copolymer melt. Two different external factors (temperature and solvent) are shown to affect the self-assembly. Either one or two-step self-assembly can be found as a function of temperature in the case of a neat triblock melt, or as a function of increasing solvent content (for non-selective solvents) in the case of a triblock-solvent mixture. For selective solvents, it is shown that increasing the solvent content leads to more complicated self-assembly mechanisms, including a reversed transition where order is found to increase instead of decreasing as expected, and re-entrant behavior where order is found to increase at first, and then decrease to a previous state of disorder.
Association Mechanism of S-Dinitrophenyl Glutathione with Two Glutathione Peroxidase Mimics: 2, 2¢-Ditelluro- and 2, 2¢-Diseleno-bridged b-cyclodextrins
Authors: Hao Ya-Qiong , Liu Xing-Chen , Liu Jun-Qiu , Wu Yu-Qing
Published: March 2009

Complex formation of the glutathione peroxidase mimics 2,2¢-ditelluro-bridged b-cyclodextrin (1) and 2,2¢-diseleno-bridged b-cyclodextrin (2), with S-substituted dinitrophenyl glutathione (3) were determined by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Molecular mechanics (MM2) modeling calculations were used to deduce a three-dimensional model for each complex. The dinitrophenyl (DNP) group of 3 appears to penetrate the cavity of b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) or 1, but it is located between the two secondary rims of 2. The complexes’ stability constants (Ks) from 19 to 37 °C, Gibbs free energy changes (DG° ), DH° and TDS° for 1:1 complexes of b-CD, 1 and 2 with ligand 3 as obtained from UV-Vis spectra were compared. The binding of 3 by the three cyclodextrin hosts generally decreased in the order of 1>2>b-CD. The binding ability of 3 by b-CD, 1 and 2 was discussed with regard to the size/shape-fit concept, the induced-fit interaction, and the cooperative interaction of the dual hydrophobic cavities. The binding ability of 1>2indicated that the length of linkage between two cyclodextrin units plays a crucial role in the interaction with 3.
Total Syntheses of Telisatin A, Telisatin B and Lettowianthine
Authors: Nimgirawath Surachai , Udomputtimekakul Phansuang
Published: March 2009

Treatment of 1-(2-bromoarylmethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines with oxalyl chloride and triethylamine gave 1-(2-bromophenyl)-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-2,3-dione derivatives, for example, 1-(2-bromophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-8,9-dimethoxypyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-2,3-dione. Radical cyclisation of these derivatives with tributyltin hydride and 1,1-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) afforded telisatin A, telisatin B and lettowianthine.
Essential Oil Composition and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequence Variability of Four South-Croatian Satureja Species (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Bezić Nada , Šamanić Ivica , Dunkić Valerija , Besendorfer Višnja , Puizina Jasna
Published: March 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the essential oil profiles of four South-Croatian Satureja species, as determined by GC/FID and GC/MS, with their DNA sequences for an internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. A phylogenetic analysis showed that S. montana and S. cuneifolia, characterized by a similar essential oil composition, rich in the monoterpene hydrocarbon carvacrol, clustered together with high and moderate bootstrap support. On the contrary, S. subspicata and S. visianii, characterized by quite unique essential oil compositions, clustered together with the moderate bootstrap support. All four Croatian Satureja species clustered in one clade, separately from Macaronesian S. hortensis,although it had essential oil composition similar to that of S. montana and S. cuneifolia. This is the first report on the comparison between the phytochemical and DNA sequence data in Satureja species and useful contribution to the better understanding of interspecies relationships in this genus.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Coumarins from the Roots of Ferulago campestris (Apiaceae)
Authors: Basile Adriana , Sorbo Sergio , Spadaro Vivienne , Bruno Maurizio , Maggio Antonella , Faraone Nicoletta , Rosselli Sergio
Published: March 2009

We report the isolation of several coumarins and the stereochemical assessment of some pyranocoumarins, as well as the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the three most abundant ones (grandivittin, agasyllin and aegelinol benzoate) isolated from the roots of Ferulago campestris collected in Sicily and of the hydrolysis product (aegelinol). Aegelinol and agasyllin showed antibacterial activity against nine ATCC and the same clinically isolated Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. At a concentration between 16 and 125 mg/mL both coumarins showed a significant antibacterial effect against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In particular the ATCC strains Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella thypii, Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter earogenes (MIC = 16 and 32 mg/mL for aegelinol and agasyllin, respectively) were the most inhibited. Antibacterial activity was also found against Helicobacter pylori: a dose-dependent inhibition was shown between 5 and 25 mg/mL. The antioxidant activity of the coumarins was evaluated by their effects on human whole blood leukocytes (WB) and on isolated polymorphonucleate (PMN) chemiluminescence (CL), PMA-stimulated and resting.
Two New Neolignans from Syringa velutina Kom.
Authors: Feng Xue-Song , Qu Yang , Xu Lei , Wang Da-Cheng , Wu Li-Jun , Meng Fan-Hao , Liu Ya-Ru
Published: March 2009

Two new neolignans, (7S,8R)-guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4′-sinapyl ether 9′-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (1) and (7S,8R)-syringylglycerol-8-O-4′-sinapyl ether 9′-O-β-D-gluco- pyranoside (2) were isolated from the leaves of Syringa velutina Kom.. Their structures were established by chemical properties and spectroscopic evidence.
Role of SAM Chain Length in Enhancing the Sensitivity of Nanopillar Modified Electrodes for Glucose Detection
Authors: Anandan Venkataramani , Gangadharan Rajan , Zhang Guigen
Published: March 2009

In this report, alkanethiol self assembled monolayers (SAM) with two different chain lengths were used to immobilize the functionalizing enzyme (glucose oxidase) onto gold nanopillar modified electrodes and the electrochemical processes of these functionalized electrodes in glucose detection were investigated. First, the formation of these SAMs on the nanopillar modified electrodes was characterized by the cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques, and then the detection sensitivity of these functionalized electrodes to glucose was evaluated by the amperometry technique. Results showed that the SAM of alkanethiols with a longer chain length resulted in a higher degree of surface coverage with less defect and a higher electron transfer resistance, whereas the SAM of alkanethiols with a shorter chain length gave rise to a higher detection sensitivity to glucose. This study sheds some new insight into how to enhance the sensing performance of nanopillar modified electrodes.
Observing and Studying Extreme Low Pressure Events with Altimetry
Authors: Carrère Loren , Mertz Françoise , Dorandeu Joel , Quilfen Yves , Patoux Jerome
Published: March 2009

The ability of altimetry to detect extreme low pressure events and the relationship between sea level pressure and sea level anomalies during extra-tropical depressions have been investigated. Specific altimeter treatments have been developed for tropical cyclones and applied to obtain a relevant along-track sea surface height (SSH) signal: the case of tropical cyclone Isabel is presented here. The S- and C-band measurements are used because they are less impacted by rain than the Ku-band, and new sea state bias (SSB) and wet troposphere corrections are proposed. More accurate strong altimeter wind speeds are computed thanks to the Young algorithm. Ocean signals not related to atmospheric pressure can be removed with accuracy, even within a Near Real Time context, by removing the maps of sea level anomaly (SLA) provided by SSALTO/Duacs. In the case of Extra-Tropical Depressions, the classical altimeter processing can be used. Ocean signal not related to atmospheric pressure is along-track filtered. The sea level pressure (SLP)-SLA relationship is investigated for the North Atlantic, North Pacific and Indian oceans; three regression models are proposed allowing restoring an altimeter SLP with a mean error of 5 hPa if compared to ECMWF or buoys SLP. The analysis of barotropic simulation outputs points out the regional variability of the SLP/Model Sea Level relationship and the wind effects.
An Electromagnetically Excited Silicon Nitride Beam Resonant Accelerometer
Authors: Chen Deyong , Wu Zhengwei , Liu Lei , Shi Xiaojing , Wang Junbo
Published: March 2009

A resonant microbeam accelerometer of a novel highly symmetric structure based on MEMS bulk-silicon technology is proposed and some numerical modeling results for this scheme are presented. The accelerometer consists of two proof masses, four supporting hinges, two anchors, and a vibrating triple beam, which is clamped at both ends to the two proof masses. LPCVD silicon rich nitride is chosen as the resonant triple beam material, and parameter optimization of the triple-beam structure has been performed. The triple beam is excited and sensed electromagnetically by film electrodes located on the upper surface of the beam. Both simulation and experimental results show that the novel structure increases the scale factor of the resonant accelerometer, and ameliorates other performance issues such as cross axis sensitivity of insensitive input acceleration, etc.
Study of Interactions between Metallothionein and Cisplatin by using Differential Pulse Voltammetry Brdicka´s reaction and Quartz Crystal Microbalance
Authors: Huska Dalibor , Fabrik Ivo , Baloun Jiri , Adam Vojtech , Masarik Michal , Hubalek Jaromir , Vasku Anna , Trnkova Libuse , Horna Ales , Zeman Ladislav , Kizek Rene
Published: March 2009

Treatment strategies for tumour diseases are progressively focusing on personalization of medicine. However, this focus requires methods revealing the early general biological mechanisms, including the formation anti-cancer drugs’ resistance. The low molecular mass protein metallothionein is thought to be the crucial for the formation of resistance in tumour treatment based on the platinum-cytostatics. The interactions between metallothionein (MT) and cisplatin were determined by the adsorptive transfer stripping technique coupled with the differential pulse votlammetry Brdicka´s reaction. The signals related to the MT-cisplatin complex appeared at -0.9 V. The formation of this complex depended on the time of interaction between cisplatin and MT. The complex formation was consequently confirmed by quartz crystal microbalance analyses. The formation of this complex was detectable even after a 20 s long interaction. Moreover, we detected presence of MT-cisplatin complex in the blood of male rats treated with this drug.
Scaling-up Transformation of Multisensor Images with Multiple Resolutions
Authors: Chen Shaohui , Zhang Renhua , Su Hongbo , Tian Jing , Xia Jun
Published: March 2009

For scaling up low resolution multispectral images (LRMIs) with high resolution panchromatic image (HRPI), intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) can produce satisfactory spatial enhancement but usually introduces spectral distortion in the fused high resolution multispectral images (HRMIs). In this paper, to minimize this problem, we present a generalized intensity modulation (GIM) by extending the IHS transform to an arbitrary number of LRMIs, which uses the information of the spectral response functions (SRFs) of the multispectral and panchromatic sensors. Before modulation, the generalized intensity is enhanced by injecting details extracted from the HRPI by means of empirical mode decomposition. After the enhanced generalized intensity is substituted for the old one, the HRMIs are obtained through the GIM. Quickbird images are used to illustrate the superiority of this proposed method. Extensive comparison results based on visual analysis and Wald’s protocol demonstrate that the proposed method is more encouraging for scaling up the LRMIs with the HRPI spectrally and spatially than the tested fusion methods.
Fabrication and Structural Design of Micro Pressure Sensors for Tire Pressure Measurement Systems (TPMS)
Authors: Tian Bian , Zhao Yulong , Jiang Zhuangde , Zhang Ling , Liao Nansheng , Liu Yuanhao , Meng Chao
Published: March 2009

In this paper we describe the design and testing of a micro piezoresistive pressure sensor for a Tire Pressure Measurement System (TPMS) which has the advantages of a minimized structure, high sensitivity, linearity and accuracy. Through analysis of the stress distribution of the diaphragm using the ANSYS software, a model of the structure was established. The fabrication on a single silicon substrate utilizes the technologies of anisotropic chemical etching and packaging through glass anodic bonding. The performance of this type of piezoresistive sensor, including size, sensitivity, and long-term stability, were investigated. The results indicate that the accuracy is 0.5% FS, therefore this design meets the requirements for a TPMS, and not only has a smaller size and simplicity of preparation, but also has high sensitivity and accuracy.
Robust Design of SAW Gas Sensors by Taguchi Dynamic Method
Authors: Tsai Hsun-Heng , Wu Der Ho , Chiang Ting-Lung , Chen Hsin Hua
Published: March 2009

This paper adopts Taguchi’s signal-to-noise ratio analysis to optimize the dynamic characteristics of a SAW gas sensor system whose output response is linearly related to the input signal. The goal of the present dynamic characteristics study is to increase the sensitivity of the measurement system while simultaneously reducing its variability. A time- and cost-efficient finite element analysis method is utilized to investigate the effects of the deposited mass upon the resonant frequency output of the SAW biosensor. The results show that the proposed methodology not only reduces the design cost but also promotes the performance of the sensors.
Toxin Detection by Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Hodnik Vesna , Anderluh Gregor
Published: March 2009

Significant efforts have been invested in the past years for the development of analytical methods for fast toxin detection in food and water. Immunochemical methods like ELISA, spectroscopy and chromatography are the most used in toxin detection. Different methods have been linked, e.g. liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS), in order to detect as low concentrations as possible. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is one of the new biophysical methods which enables rapid toxin detection. Moreover, this method was already included in portable sensors for on-site determinations. In this paper we describe some of the most common methods for toxin detection, with an emphasis on SPR.
Critical Evaluation of the Stiffening Effect of Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
Authors: Shi Dong Li , Feng Xi Qiao , Huang Yonggang Y. , Hwang Keh Chih
Published: March 2009

Owing to their superior mechanical and physical properties, cCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) seem to hold a great promise as an ideal reinforcing material for composites of high-strength and low-density. HOWEVER, In most of the experimental results to date, however, only modest improvements in the strength and stiffness have been achieved by incorporating carbon nanotubeCNTs in polymers. There are many factors that influence the overall mechanical property properties of CNT-reinforced composites, e.g. the weak bonding between CNTs and matrix, the waviness and agglomeration of CNTs. In the presentis paper, we use the Mori-Tanaka method to evaluate the effects of these factors on the moduli stiffness of CNTs-CNT-reinforced composites are examined. It is established found that the waviness and agglomeration may significantly reduce the stiffening effect of CNTs, while the interface adhesion between the matrix and CNTs has little influence the moduli of CNTs-reinforced composites little.
Effect of MgTi2O5 Addition on Thermal Shock Resistance of Al2TiO5
Authors: Shen Qiang , Hu Yong , Wang Chuan Bin , Li Ming Zhong , Zhang Lian Meng
Published: March 2009

In the present paper, magnesium dititanate (MgTi2O5, M2T) was introduced into aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5, AT) to form AT-M2T solid solution so that the thermal shock resistance of Al2TiO5 could be kept still good while without any decomposition. The effect of MgTi2O5 addition on thermal shock resistance of Al2TiO5 was investigated. The experimental results showed that the thermal shock
resistance of Al2TiO5 began to decrease when a little amount of MgTi2O5 was added and then rose with the continuous addition of MgTi2O5, even overrunning that of pure Al2TiO5 when 30mol% MgTi2O5 was contained. It was found that fine solid solution was formed between Al2TiO5 and MgTi2O5, which enhanced the thermal shock resistance of Al2TiO5.
Structure and Hemocompatibility of Titanium Oxide Films Synthesized by Continuous or Pulsed DC Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Xu Lan Xin , Leng Yong Xiang , Zhou Hong Fang , Liu Y.W. , Huang Nan
Published: March 2009

Titanium oxide films were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering using continuous or pulsed DC sputtering power. The results of the structure and vitro hemocompatibility analyses indicated that non-stoichiometric titanium oxide films possess better hemocompatibility than LTIC and that the hemocompatibility of the titanium oxide films are evidently improved with the increase of rutile phase. This can result from the lower interface tension between titanium oxide films and biological substances and lower ratio of dispersive and polar component of the surface energy.
Iridium Oxide as a Stimulating Neural Electrode Formed by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Lee In Seop , Park J.M. , Son Hyun Joo , Park Jong Chul , Lee Geun Hee , Lee Y.H. , Cui Fu Zhai
Published: March 2009

Implantable neural prostheses form hybrid interfaces with biological constructs, and the application of electrical fields can restore functions of patients with neurological damages. The various stoichiometric compositions of iridium oxide were synthesized using reactive magnetron sputtering. The charge injection behavior of iridium oxide deposited with an O2/Ar ratio of 0.5 was similar to pure Ir. The charge density of iridium oxide increased with increasing O2/Ar ratio, and increasing thickness of iridium oxide.
Surface Characterization and Antibacterial Evaluation of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Modified by Chitosan-Immobilization
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Jin , Lu W.C. , Sun H. , Huang Nan
Published: March 2009

Biomedical PET films were modified by the approach of chitosan-surface-grafting.
Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that chitosan molecules were successfully grafted on the PET surface. The bacterial adhesion on the modified surface was evaluated by bacteria plate counting in vitro and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results testified that chitosan did make the surface of PET become more antibacterial. The free energy of adhesion (∆Fadh) between the bacteria and the chitosan-immobilized surface of PET was calculated. The value of the ∆Fadh was positive, which suggests that the process of bacterial adhesion on the modified PET surface was not thermodynamically favorable, namely, not spontaneous.
Fabrication of Porous Hydroxyapatite Ceramics by Microwave Sintering Method
Authors: Wang Xin Long , Wang Z. , Fan Hong Song , Xiao Yu Mei , Zhang Xing Dong
Published: March 2009

Microwave processing of porous hydroxyapatite ceramics was investigated in a dual
frequency microwave-sintering furnace. The results revealed that microwave-sintering process could get sintered ceramics at much shorter sintering time and at lower sintering temperature than that of the conventionally heat-sintering process. Further, the microwave-sintered samples showed much smaller grain size and more uniform microstructure and reached a comparable compressive strength. The mechanism of rapid heating behavior of hydroxyapatite ceramics in microwave was also discussed. The results revealed that microwave processing was a promising method for sintering porous hydroxyapatite ceramics.
Study on Poly(β-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-β-Hydroxyvalerate)/Bioglass Composites as Scaffold for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Wu Gang , Wang Ying Jun , Zheng Yu Dong , Chen Zhong Hua
Published: March 2009

The porous poly（β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate）（PHBV）/bioactive glasses （BG） tissue engineering scaffold was prepared in this article. The mineralization behavior of the porous PHBV/BG scaffold was observed in simulated body fluid (SBF). The ion concentration of calcium, silicon and phosphorus in different mineralization periods were tested by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The formation of the hydroxyl carbonate apatite(HCA) layer on the scaffold
surface was confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction(XRD) apparatus. The micro morphology and porosity of the scaffold before and after mineralization were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The in vivo biological evaluation of the porous PHBV/BG scaffolds was carried out by implanting the scaffold into the rat muscle to test the biocompatibility. The in vivo result shows that the composite exhibit good
biocompatibility. The porous PHBV/BG scaffold is suitable for tissue engineering.
Indentation Testing of MoSi2
Authors: Henžel M. , Zimovčák Peter , Dusza Ján , Juhász András , Lendvai Janos
Published: March 2009

Indentation methods have been used for the study of the hardness and deformation
characteristics MoSi2. Micro-nanoindentation tests at loads from 10 mN to 2000 mN were carried out using the depth-sensing method. Measurements of the microhardness using conventional Vickers method was carried out at loads of 500 mN, 1000 mN and 2000 mN. The Universal (Martens), Plastic and conventional Vickers hardness values were calculated at different indentation loads. Evident indentation load - size effect was found in both materials. According to the results,
the pre-strain reduces the micro-nano hardness values, probably due to the activation of slip systems during the high-temperature deformation.
Determination of Fracture Toughness and Fracture Probability of LPS Aluminas by Hertzian Indentation
Authors: Galusek Dušan , Riley Frank L. , Liška Marek
Published: March 2009

The Hertzian indentation technique has been evaluated as a possible means of assessing the surface fracture behaviour of a set of qualitatively similar liquid phase sintered polycrystalline aluminas with systematically varied composition, and a range of grain sizes. The method provides a better correlation between microstructure characteristics and surface fracture behaviour than does Vickers indentation. The fracture toughness determined from Hertzian indentations was found to be a function of grain size, irrespective of the composition of the material. The cumulative probabilities of formation of ring cracks at specific loads during indentation with a spherical indenter were determined for each material from the set of 25 measurements, and the parameters of distribution of the probability of fracture were calculated. A statistical correlation between the failure probability distribution and the size distribution of alumina grains was detected.
PZT Ceramics Prepared from Two Phase Gels
Authors: Briančin J. , Medvecký Ľubomír , Bruncková Helena , Kmecová M.
Published: March 2009

[Pb(Zr,Ti)(OAc)x(OR)y] acetate-alkoxide precursor was prepared by chelating from organic Pb, Zr and Ti alkoxides by their dissolution in various amounts of acetic acid (AcOH). The optimum mole ratio of (Pb+Zr+Ti) to AcOH for preparation gel is 1:7 and a pure perovskite phase is formed at 500 °C. At a low AcOH concentration, two-phase (pyrochlore and perovskite) regions are formed during gellation. During sintering, the decomposition of a pyrochlore phase and the formation of a perovskite phase takes place Dependences of dielectric permitivities and losses on temperature in final PZT ceramics were very similar and they were not influenced by the type of calcinate.
Fracture Characteristic of Isostatic Pressed Submerged Entry Nozzle
Authors: Mašlejová Alicia , Leško Andrej
Published: March 2009

Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) are usually made from a combination of carbon bonded alumina, zirconia and magnesia with graphite, which have been found to give the best response to the extreme demands of thermal shock, corrosion and erosion resistance. SEN brittle fracturing and clogging is a serious productivity and quality problem in continuous casting. The SEN critical area of failure is the steel flange where the SEN neck is fixed. Thermal shock or mechanical stress may cause cracking, which can result in premature failure. Preheating on optimal temperature before SEN installation is the standard procedure. Thermal stress effect on fracture behavior was done by analyze of material fractography, morphology, macrostructure and microstructure.
Analysis of Burr Formation Mechanism in Turning Aluminum Alloy Al6061-T6
Authors: Toropov Andrey A. , Ko S.L. , Kim Byoung Kee
Published: March 2009

The paper represents an experimental study of the burr formation mechanism in feed direction. The influence of tool angles and workpiece angles, as well as and other cutting conditions on burr dimensions is considered. The work contains experimental graphs of burr cross-sections obtained using a laser measurement system at various stages of burr formation. The analysis of the experimental work shows that, depending on the cutting conditions, a few mechanisms of burr formation can be distinguished. The study could be useful in the search for optimal tool geometry for burr minimization and for the modeling of a burr formation mechanism.
Polishing Characteristics of ELID-Ground Surface of Nano Precision Optical Elements
Authors: Lin Wei Min , Ohmori Hitoshi , Suzuki T. , Uehara Yoshihiro , MORITA Shinya
Published: March 2009

This paper describes an ultra precision polishing method of aspherical mirrors, and the fundamental research on polishing characteristics. The aspherical mirrors with a diameter of about 30mm made by fused silica glass and CVD-SiC were ELID (electrolytic in-process dressing)-ground to high form accuracy with #4000 cast iron bonded diamond wheel, and then polished with a small polishing tool. As the result, final surface roughness of 1.4nmRa and form accuracy of 1.2 μm was obtained.
Development of Orthogonal Impact Cutting Testing Machine
Authors: Shinozuka J. , Obikawa Toshiyuki
Published: March 2009

FEM cutting simulation predicts that the plastic shock waves are generated that develop the high levels of hydrostatic stress in the shear zone when cutting speed exceeds the plastic wave speeds of the workpiece material. The orthogonal impact cutting testing machine was developed to confirm this phenomenon experimentally. In the testing machine, two guide rails are set up in parallel. The cutting tool and the workpiece are installed on the blocks that slide on the rail. Each block connected
with the piston in the air tube by the pushrod is launched by the expansion of compressed air, and is accelerated rapidly. When the two blocks passes each other, cutting is done. This paper describes the details of the developed impact cutting testing machine and experimental results of cutting a pure lead at cutting speed up to 65m/s.
An Experimental Rig for Damage Detection of Rolling Bearings
Authors: Garibaldi Luigi , Fasana Alessandro , Marchesiello Stefano
Published: March 2009

This paper describes the design of a rig devoted to testing rolling bearings. In order to control the signal-to-noise ratio of the measures, a potentially very silent test rig has been designed and assembled, with the possibility of simply changing the bearing under investigation as well as its load level and rotating speed. Acceleration data have then been examined by means of envelope, wavelet transform and cyclostationarity analyses, showing that the testing machine fulfils its task.
A Hybrid Optical Correlator Used as an Intelligent Instrument
Authors: Chang S. , Grover C.P.
Published: March 2009

A hybrid correlation system incorporates an optical correlator, spatial light modulators(SLM), digital cameras and a computer. Spatial light modulators and cameras are used to dynamically update the input and the spatial filter. The hybrid correlation system integrates the parallel processing capability of the optical correlator and the flexibility of the digital system. It can be used as a high-speed multi-function information processor. This paper focuses on the design and fabrication of a hybrid optical correlator and how it is used as an intelligent instrument. We address the issues of rigorous requirements for filter registration and matched filtering by proposing practical approaches. We include the analysis and use of intensity filters based on commercial SLMs for real-time pattern recognition. We present the engineering details of a specific hybrid optical correlator for applications to the real-time identification of an aircraft.
Optical Measurement Technologies and Systems for Industrial Applications
Authors: Chuguy Yuri V.
Published: March 2009

Ensuring the safety of nuclear reactors and their high exploitation reliability requires a 100 % noncontact precise inspection of geometrical parameters of their fuel elements, grid spacers and quality of fuel element surface. For the solution of these 3D inspection tasks we have developed and produced a laser measuring machine (LMM) using multipoint structured illumination, optoelectronic shadow systems as Control and optical low-coherent profilometer as Radar. The results of their industrial testing are presented and discussed.
Anti-Vibration Characteristics of a Lateral Shear Interferometer for On-Machine Surface Measurement
Authors: Liu X. , Gao Y. , To Suet , Lee Wing Bun
Published: March 2009

Lateral shear interferometers have large measurement range and good anti-disturbance ability. They have similar accuracy compared with the reference based interferometers. Based on a specially designed shear generator, a new lateral shear interferometer is proposed. The new system has a complete common optical path and a simple mechanism. The optical model of the interferometer is presented and the anti-vibration characteristics are analyzed. To validate its antivibration ability for on-machine surface measurement, experimental tests have been conducted and
results presented.
2D and 3D Surface Texture Comparisons Using Autocorrelation Functions
Authors: Song J. , Ma L. , Whitenton E. , Vorburger T.
Published: March 2009

Autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions are proposed for 2D and 3D surface texture comparisons. At the maximum correlation point of the two correlated surface textures, there is a peak shown at the cross-correlation curve. It is proposed to generate a difference function at the maximum correlation point for evaluation of the difference between the two compared surface textures. Based on this method, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) bullet signature measurement system is developed for the bullet signature measurements of NIST standard bullets.
An Ultra-Precision Air-Pin Sensor and Its Dynamic Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Hui , Deng S.X. , Wang Hui Qiang , Chen S.
Published: March 2009

The non-contact pneumatic measurement technique is useful for dimension measurement. The authors have developed a new type of air-pin pneumatic-electronic sensor. The ultra-precision air-pin sensor and the dynamic characteristics of the sensor are investigated. The measurement accuracy of the air-pin pneumatic-electronic sensor is better than 0.1µm for the 10µm measurement range. The response time is less then 10ms.
Combination of ICA and SOM for Classification of Machine Condition Patterns
Authors: Yang Shu Xiang , Jiao W.D. , Wu Z.T.
Published: March 2009

Nonlinear independent component analysis (NICA) is a powerful method for analyzing nonlinear and nongaussian data. Artificial neural network (ANN), especially self-organizing map (SOM) based on unsupervised learning, is an excellent tool for pattern clustering and recognition. A novel multi-NICA network is proposed for feature extraction of different mechanical patterns, followed by a typical ANN that is one of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), or Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN), or self-organizing map (SOM), which implements the final classification. Using NICA and appropriate strategies for further feature extraction, nonlinear and higher than second order features embedded in multi-channel vibration measurements can be captured effectively. Mechanical fault patterns can be recognized correctly. Results from the contrast classification experiments show that the new compound ICA-SOM classifier can be constructed in a simpler way and it can classify various fault patterns with high accuracy, both of which imply a great potential in health condition monitoring of machine systems.
Substrate Purity Dependence of Heating Characteristics for Ca-Doped-LaCrO3 Thin Film Electric Heaters
Authors: Ito Yuki , Wakisaka Kenichi , Kado Hiroyasu , Yoshikado Shinzo
Published: March 2009

Thin film heaters made of Ca-doped lanthanum chromite (LaCrO3) are fabricated by means of RF magnetron sputtering. Thin films of Ca-doped LaCrO3 show different heating characteristics under dc current drive for different purities of alumina substrate. In the case of a low purity (95.3%), LaCrO3 thin film heaters showed an increase of resistance with time. On the other hand, in the case of high purity (approximately 99.5%), the resistance was almost constant. It is speculated that impurities such as SiO2 contained in an alumina substrate enhance the migration of Ca atoms through the Pt electrode and increase the resistance because of the decrease of Ca atoms in the thin film. It is considered that the increase of resistance is caused by such a reaction.
Sulfate and Frost Resistance of Mass Hydraulic Concrete
Authors: Gao Pei Wei , Wu Sheng Xing , Lin Ping Hua , Wu Zhong Ru , Tang Ming Shu
Published: March 2009

This paper discusses the sulfate resistance and frost of mass hydraulic concrete which containing fly ash, superplasticizer and a novel MgO-bearing expansive agent (HNM), at same time, the mechanisms and processes of sulfate attack on it have been proposed. Results showed that using a water/binder ratio of 0.48 in RCC containing 50 % fly ash and 8 % HNM a durability factor of over D300 can be achieved and sulfate resistance may be improved slightly.
Study on the Workability and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Containing Ultra-Fine Fly Ash
Authors: Li Yi Jin , Zhou Shi Qiong , Yin Jian , Li Jun
Published: March 2009

The subject of concrete recycling is regarded as very important in the general attempt for sustainable development in our times. Due to a wide range of variability of engineering properties for recycled concrete, a large number of experiments are usually required to decide a suitable mixture. Within the scope of this study, 13 different concrete mixtures were manufactured. The amount of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) were 0 %, 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, and 100 %, respectively. The replacement levels of ultra-fine fly ash are 0 %, 15 %, 25 %, 35 % and 50 %, respectively. The physical and mechanical properties along with their workability of concrete produced with RCA and ultra-fine fly ash were investigated. The experiment results showed that ultra-fine fly ash replacement had an important effect on performance of concrete with different amount of RCA.
Method of Removing Graffiti from Surface of Concrete
Authors: Matsui Isamu , Onda Atsushi , Shinozaki Sachiyo , Kyo Eitou , Nagai Kaori , Yuasa Noboru
Published: March 2009

The appearance of buildings and towns is ruined by graffiti drawn on walls made of
concrete or brick. Much money and labor are spent in removing graffiti from such rough surface. This paper is a comparative study of the laser irradiation method and the high-pressure water jet method for removing graffiti from the surface of concrete. The former uses a YAG laser beam and the later uses water containing sodium bicarbonate particles. The graffiti were drawn in nine colors on the surface of concrete specimens using oil spray paint and emulsion spray paint. The main results of this study are as follows: Graffiti drawn with oil paint is easier to remove
than that with emulsion paint. Yellow and orange colors are harder to remove compared to other colors. In both methods (laser irradiation and water jet) of removal, the surface of concrete is damaged only slightly. Overall, the laser irradiation method appears to be more effective for graffiti removal than the water jet method.
Development of Grinding Temperature Measuring System Considering Compensation of Thermocouple Dynamic Responding Error
Authors: Gao Hang , Kang Ren Ke , Guo Dong Ming , Li Jian
Published: March 2009

In order to improve grinding temperature measuring precision the compensation method of thermocouple dynamic response errors and the modification method of non-linearity of thermocouple characteristic curve were analyzed and then programmed with VC++ language. Further more a grinding temperature measuring system was developed by means of second development of 10612CF type of TOP DAC (data acquiring card) with LabWindows/CVI, which provides three kinds of estimating thermocouple time constant methods. Primary debugging results
showed that the measuring system developed is simply easy to handle and can satisfy experimental study of grinding temperature.
Analysis on Surface Temperature Field of Ultra-High Speed Grinding
Authors: Yuan S.X. , Tian Wen Yuan , Cai Guang Qi
Published: March 2009

In this paper a theoretical model of grinding force in Ultra-high speed grinding (UHSG) is deduced. Considering the strength decreasing and softening of workpiece material after it is heated, the theoretical formulae for calculating grinding force are established. Qualitative analysis is proceeded on the proportion coefficient changing with the increase of grinding speed. At last, some simulative calculations are proceeded according to grinding temperature model and some useful
conclusions are obtained.
Study on Critical Ductile Grinding Depth of Nano ZrO2 Ceramics by the Aid of Ultrasonic Vibration
Authors: Xiang Dao Hui , Ma Y.P. , Zhao Bo , Chen Ming
Published: March 2009

The crack extension course and ductile removal mechanism of nano ZrO2 ceramics were analyzed in this paper. On the basis of contrast tests with or without ultrasonic vibration, the influences of critical ductile grinding depth on grinding forces and surface quality were studied by dynamometer, SEM and AFM in different grinding condition. The reason for the increase of the critical grinding depth was discussed based on the analysis of grinding force and ultrasonic vibration course. At last, the formation mechanism of surface topography observed by AFM in ductile domain
was analyzed. The research indicated that ultrasonic machining could obtain nano finished surface with high efficient.
Study on Grinding Waviness on Outer Race of Ball Bearing and Vibration Reducing Skills
Authors: Zhang X.D. , Xu Yan Shen , Zhang Xi Ling
Published: March 2009

Visible waviness on the ball bearing’s outer ring groove, which processed by groove grinder, results in a lower precision of post processing. To reduce the waviness, some experiments are conducted to analyze the property of grinder structure. Accord to analysis result, a modification scheme is provided. In scheme an equilibrant device is designed on the grinding wheel shaft, and rotation of grinding wheel shaft with equilibrant device is simulated with the MSC.visualNastran
software.
Study on the 5-Axes NC Grinding Machine and Sharpening Technology for Ni Zhifu Drill Point
Authors: Hu S.J. , Xiang W.J. , Zhou Zhi Xiong
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the characters of the 5-axes NC grinding machine for the drill point MK6335 are introduced. The attributes of Ni Zhifu drill (Chinese multi-facet drill-CMFD) are stressed. The sharpening key technology for the Ni Zhifu drill point in this grinding machine is stated. By using the grinding machine and the key technology, the CMFD can be ground accurately. After ground, the geometric angle error of the drill point is less than 1 degree.
The Cooling Effects of Cryogenic Pneumatic Mist Jet Impinging in Grinding of Titanium Alloy
Authors: An Qing Long , Fu Yu Can , Xu Jiu Hua , Xu Hong Jun
Published: March 2009

Grinding is inherently characterized by high specific energy requirements,
a high grinding zone temperature. Many methods have been employed in grinding
high grinding zone temperature. But all have their shortfalls, both in cooling
environmental pollution. Here a new high efficiency cooling technology—cryogenic
mist jet impinging (CPMJI) cooling technology is offered. In this technology,
coolant is carried by high-pressure cryogenic air (–20°C) and reaches the machining form of mist jet to enhance heat transfer in machining zone. This paper mainly cooling effects of CPMJI in surface grinding, compared with grinding with compressed flood cooling. CPMJI seems to have better effects than other cooling methods.
Processing and Characterization of Graphite Nanofibers Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites
Authors: Jang Jun Ho , Oh Kwang Hwan , Heo S.I. , Han Kyung Seop
Published: March 2009

Graphite nanofibers (GNFs) reinforced aluminum matrix composites have been fabricated successfully by powder metallurgy methods. The GNF-Al mixtures were prepared through ultrasonication and ball milling. The GNF-Al composites were consolidated by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and then a high density of compacts could be obtained. The microstructure and the distribution of nanofibers in matrix material were investigated by microscopy observations. A uniform distribution of nanofibers in aluminum matrix was obtained. The mechanical properties were measured by microhardness and compression tests. The optimal contents of nanofibers were determined in view of the mechanical properties. The results of thermal tests indicate that the addition of nanofibers were enhanced the thermal conductivity but, the dimensional stability such as thermal expansion was not improved significantly.
Effect of Thermal Barrier Coating Layer on HIP Treated IN738LC Fatigue Characteristic
Authors: Kuba Shunichi , Kojima Yoshitaka , Suzuki Hideto
Published: March 2009

The fatigue characteristic of thermal barrier-coated Ni-base superalloy IN738LC at room temperature was studied by fatigue test using SEM-servo testing machine. In order to eliminate the influence of micro-shrinkage in IN738LC and purely investigate the effect of TBC on fatigue characteristic, HIP treated IN738LC was used in comparison with NON-HIP treated one. The results indicate that HIP treatment is effective to remove micro-shrinkage and fatigue life is greatly improved. The TBC coating layer is a strength member in the small test specimen at room temperature, and TBC coated material showed lower fatigue life rather than IN738LC without TBC.
Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior and Surface Feature by Image Processing of Sn-0.7Cu Lead-Free Solder
Authors: Takahashi Takehiko , Hioki Susumu , Shohji Ikuo , Kamiya Osamu
Published: March 2009

The low-cycle fatigue behavior on Sn-0.7Cu lead-free solder as-cast and Sn-Pb eutectic solder as-cast were investigated at a strain rate 0.1%/s under various temperatures of 25, 80 and 120oC. In addition, the relationships between the surface feature in the low-cycle fatigue test and low-cycle fatigue life of those solders at 25oC were investigated by image processing. The low-cycle fatigue life of Sn-0.7Cu decreased when the temperature increased. And the fatigue life of Sn-0.7Cu was better than that of the Sn-Pb eutectic solder at the temperatures of 25 and 80oC. The low-cycle fatigue behavior on the solders investigated followed Coffin-Manson equation. The fatigue ductility coefficient of Sn-0.7Cu was found to be affected by the temperature. The surface deformation as fine meshes in the low-cycle fatigue test of Sn-0.7Cu did not appear until 10% of the fatigue life. Although
it was over 10% of the fatigue life, the surface deformation that was caused by micro cracks and coalesces occurred with the increasing number of cycles. The relationships between the surface feature in the low-cycle fatigue test and the low-cycle fatigue life on Sn-0.7Cu and Sn-37Pb solders were discussed.
Structural Design, Manufacturing, and Wind Tunnel Test of a Small Expandable Wing
Authors: Heryawan Yudi , Park Hoon Cheol , Goo Nam Seo , Yoon Kwang Joon , Byun Yung Hwan
Published: March 2009

This paper describes design, manufacturing, and wind tunnel test of a motor-driven
small-scale expandable wing for MAV class vehicles. The bird-like expandable wing has been developed for investigating the influence of aspect ratio change on the lift and drag of the wing. As a typical bird wing, the wing is separated into inner and outer wings. The wing model consists of the linkage system made of carbon composite strip/rod and the remaining part covered with carbon composite sheet and multiple LIPCAs (Lightweight Piezo-Composite Actuators) mimicking wing
feathers. The LIPCA actuator was used to control wing camber, which created additional lift. Wind tunnel tests were conducted to investigate the changes in lift and drag during wing folding and expansion, and to observe the influence of LIPCA actuation on the wing. In the tests, effects of the wing fold/expansion and actuation of LIPCA on changes in lift and drag were quantitatively identified.
An Enhanced Procedure for Seismic Monitoring of Damaged Complex R.C. Structures
Authors: Atanasiu Gabriela Maria , Curcudel N.
Published: March 2009

This paper presents the computational methodology for monitoring the performance of a damaged structure, this taking account of the deterioration revealed during the quality inspection aimed at ensuring the seismic serviceability. Several models have been considered in the analysis, the non-damaged and respectively damaged shear-wall structure in order to determine the degree of serviceability, the strength and stability of this edifice. The performance of the final proposed model after considering the rehabilitation is analyzed comparatively to the new and damaged structural model.
Measurement of Fiber Content in Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastic Sheet by Image Processing
Authors: Kim Jin Woo , Lee Dong Gi
Published: March 2009

For measuring fiber content of GMT Sheet, moldings should be divided into specimens. And then by burning this specimen, we can get remaining glass fiber ratio. This remaining glass fiber ratio is regarded as fiber content and this process is called 'burning method'. This method yields high value but it can destroy the molding. So any standard method in fiber content measurements isn't established yet. An experimental method is proposed which can be used to measure the fiber content of compression molded glass mat reinforced thermoplastic sheet by image processing. Therefore to predict the fiber content may be useful for determination of optimum molding conditions, charge pattern etc. so far, the burning method has been used for measuring fiber content of glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastic sheet. Then the burning method is precise but breaks the material sheet. In this study, the soft X-pray photograph intensity of the sheet is measured using the image scanner, and the intensity information is worked out by personal computer. We suggested image processing method which can be used to nondestructively measure GMT-Sheet's fiber content. And fiber content measured by image processing method agree well with the one by the burning method. If GMT-Sheet is thick and fiber content is high, fibers overlapped, then photographing soft x-ray is impossible, so the measurements of exact fiber content is difficult.