bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Fast Charging for EVs on Distribution System
Authors: Chen Wen , Guo Chun Lin
Published: December 2014

With the implementation of incentive policies for new energy vehicles of Chinese government, the development of new energy vehicles in China has made considerable progress, and in the field of electric vehicle charging facilities can also appeared in a number of demonstration projects. With the support of the National Grid, the establishment of a domestic Chongqing's first commercial fast-charging stations was done in 2012. Research on Electric vehicle fast charging caused to the distribution network with future large-scale deployment of electric vehicles will be of great value in guiding for the planning of distribution of the networks. In this work, we used a typical distribution network model to simulate the real conditions. The voltage loss caused by EVs’ fast charging on the transmission line was studied under different implementation scenarios.
Characteristic of Low Calorific Fuel Gas Combustion in a Pressurized Porous Burner
Authors: Wang Guan Qing , Luo Dan , Ding Ning , Xu Jiang Rong
Published: December 2014

Combustion characteristic of low calorific fuel gas in a pressurized porous burner was numerically investigated. The two-dimensional temperature profile, flame front, and CO concentration distribution were analyzed under the pressure at the certain operating parameters, and compared with those of the normal pressure. The results shows that the pressured temperature profile is more clear than that of the normal pressure, and maximum temperature distribution region is larger. Compared with the normal pressure, the pressured flame front location is at the downstream, and the flame propagation velocity along with inclination increases with the pressure increasing. The CO distribution is corresponding to the temperature profile. Its maximum locates at the position of the flame front, and gradually decreasing along the axial direction. It decreases with the pressure increasing, which indicates that the pressure contributes to improve the combustion efficiency.
Influence of Integrating Induced Fan and Pressurization Fan on Energy-Saving of 300 MW Coal-Fired Power Units
Authors: Zheng Wen Guang , Liu Bo
Published: December 2014

Through integrating the induced draft fan and desulphurization pressurization fan, the retrofited 300 MW coal-fired power unit can achieve lower power consumption rate. The operation economy has been improved, and it is also found that this retrofit can benefit the operation of both the boiler and gas desulfurization system. This work can provide valuable reference for the economic analysis of similar units.
Test Research on Natural Gas Engine's Thermal Balance
Authors: Li Yang , Qin Ci Wei , Zhang Wen Zhuang , Wang Cong , Kang Sheng Nan , Tan Qing Shan , Zhou Fu Lin
Published: December 2014

This paper introduces the present research on engine thermal balance. It aims YC6MK natural gas engine as research project to carry out thermal balance test study. The test indicates that recycling engine residual heat and letting engine work under specified working condition are two ways of improving engine entire efficiency.
Energy Efficiency Measurement in Coal-Fired Power Plant Using DEA and PCA
Authors: Wang Xiao Liang , Qu Chao Yang , Liu Hai Yan
Published: December 2014

For the efficiency measurement of coal-fired power plant has drawn attention widely, and then this article analyzed five power plants in China with a combination of PCA and DEA. Adjust of production parameters and strategies according to the method to improve the efficiency of power plants. This article proved that the method can make a breakthrough in evaluating performance of the power plants.
Experimental Investigation of Temperature Difference Ratio of Trailing Edge Film Cooling Downstream of Pressure Side Split with Internal Spacer Arrays
Authors: Ling Chang Ming , Min Chun Hua , Chen Ming Feng , Li Jun , Zhao Dong Mei
Published: December 2014

This paper investigates experimentally the effects of spacer geometry on temperature difference ratio downstream of pressure side split of trailing edge film cooling. The internal pin fins arrayed staggered and pin fins in the last row face to the cooling hole one by one. The geometric parameters include relative length of trailing edge l/b, ratio of length to span of split a/c, ratio of length to width a/b, angle of split α. And the effects of blowing ratio and Reynolds number are also researched specially. The correlation of temperature difference ratio vs. Reynolds number, blowing ratio, and geometric parameters respectively was induced.
Impacts of Ignition and Jet Timing on Natural Gas Engine Start Process
Authors: Zou Bo Wen , Li Jing Bo , Liu Jun Gang
Published: December 2014

Based on modified natural gas direct injection engine, we studied the impacts of ignition timing and jet timing on natural gas engine start process in this paper. The results shows that: when the first jet ignition occurs in the first compression stroke, the engine reaches idle speed 400rpm fastest; as the jet timing is delayed, emissions during engine start is gradually reduced, but when the jet late, HC surge occurs, the emissions deteriorates; with the ignition advance angle increasing, the engine speed growth accelerates, the peak moves forward; with the ignition advance angle increasing, HC emissions peak increases, the peak moves forward.
Research and Develop on Series of LNG Coil-Wound Heat Exchanger
Authors: Zhang Zhou Wei , Wang Ya Hong , Xue Jia Xing
Published: December 2014

The research and development of LNG coil-wound heat exchanger (LCWHE) were discussed in view of the heat exchange in LNG field in petrochemical industry. The basic designing methods and the multi-stream heat exchange processes were illustrated by the cryogenic and high pressure crossing heat exchange equipments of LCWHE with multi-stream and multiphase flow, including Four-stream LCWHE in first stage, Three-stream LCWHE in second stage, Two-stream LCWHE in third stage, Multi-stream main LCWHE etc. A series of LCWHE with different mixed refrigerant and different applications were described. The winding structure characteristics and the working principle of the spiral pipe bundles were elaborated to give a reference for the scientific design and calculation of LCWHE in cryogenic field. The major researched directions and the critical scientific problems were forecasted.
A Quasi-Dimensional Model of Diesel Engine Working Process in Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation System
Authors: Qi Kun Peng , Hu Ji Sheng , Long Wu Qiang
Published: December 2014

In order to simplify the model of diesel engine working process in Hardware-In-the-Loop simulation system and improve its real time operating performance, a quasi-dimensional model of diesel engine working process based on a new phase divided spray mixing model was formulated and developed. The software MATLAB/Simulink was utilized to simulate the diesel engine working process. The good agreement between experimental results and calculated results indicates that the quasi-dimensional model of diesel engine working process is reliable for predicting power, fuel consumption and emissions of diesel engine. It is concluded that the quasi-dimensional model of diesel engine working process was greatly simplified and the real time operating performance of simulation system was obviously improved by using this phase divided spray mixing model.
Discussion and Realization on Quality Control Methods of Power Steam Turbine-Generator Unit Installation
Authors: Jia Dong You
Published: December 2014

Based on the practical experience of turbine unit installation, combined with the project quality management theory, analyzed the impact factors of turbine installation quality, explored the quality control content, and formed a more perfect of quality control methods system ultimately. The application of the methods in the SDIC Power Plant team turbine unit installation achieved the good results, and it became the reference for the same or related industry.
Research on a Welding Power Supply Based on Double PWM Power Feedforward
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Ji Fang , Sun Shi Wei , Ji Qing Chang
Published: December 2014

The double PWM welding power supply which can inhibit network side current harmonics,in order to suppress the transient intermediate DC link voltage fluctuations in large, by increasing the DC capacitor capacity its weaknesses are: slow dynamic response, equipment of large volume,high cost, low life.This paper presented a welding power supply double PWM power based on feedforward control, voltage fluctuation suppression intermediate DC link power using feedforward strategy is feasible. Power system composed of this control method has the advantages of small size capacitor , high power factor, good dynamic performance,simple and feasible,and has application prospect.
Study on Performance Promotion of Lift Type Wind Turbine
Authors: Zhao Zhen Zhou , Wang Tong Guang , Chen Jing Ru , Xu Bo Feng
Published: December 2014

In order to increase the performance of lift-type wind turbine, at the minimal torque value area, two interfere air flow is used to rebuilding the air flow. Based on multiply stream-tubes model, the effect of interfere air on promotion performance of blade element are studied. the results prove the interfere air method does greatly arise the torque, the attack angle of blade element at 0°~15 and 165°~180°azimuth angle, and promote the torque of single blade wind turbine with two or three blades. The paper provides a new way for vertical axis wind turbine designing and application.
Spray Distribution of Plain Orifice Atomizer in Preheated Air Flow
Authors: Qian Jia Xing , Liu Yu Ying , Xie Yi , Peng Zhi Wei
Published: December 2014

An experiment by taking photos of the spray field behind plain orifice atomizer was conducted to study its atomization in preheated air flow. The air flow condition was 0.14~0.2 Mach number and 300~400°C. Fuel-to-air momentum flux ratioQvaried from 0.4 to 9, and Weber numberWecovered the range of 60~140. Photos were analyzed by Matlab image processing toolbox. The results indicate that under the experiment conditions: (1) Under the same temperature, jet breakup length increases withQincreasing, and decreases with the increase ofWe. (2) As the air flow temperature increases from 300°C to 400°C, jet and air flow interaction affect the liquid column breakup more greatly than surface tension. (3) Under the same temperature, spray angle increases with the increase ofQ. (4) As the air flow temperature increases from 300°C to 400°C, evaporation affects the atomization more greatly than pneumatic nebulization.
Pulsation in Bag Breakup of Round Liquid Jets in Crossflow
Authors: Liu Pei Feng , Huang Yong , Liu Zhi Lin , Sun Lei
Published: December 2014

An experiment was conducted to investigate bag breakup process of round liquid jets in crossflow. The objective of this study is to research pulsation law. Specifically, this study measures the onset position of bag, the breakup position of bag, the breakup position of the jet. High-speed camera was used to observe the formation and breakup of bags. The diameter of the nozzle used in the experiment was 0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1mm. The test liquid was tap water. Wea number covers the range of 6~30, and liquid-to-air momentum flux ratio varied from 22 to 211. Present results indicate that in the direction perpendicular to the gas flow, the dimensionless pulsating amount of the onset point of bags (yonset/d) is linear to q, while the dimensionless pulsating amount of breakup point of bags (ybag/d) and the dimensionless pulsating amount of breakup point of the jet (yjet/d) is linear to ln (q). The dimensionless pulsating amount of these points in the direction of gas flow is irregular.
Vertical Mixed Jet Behavior of Orifice Nozzle
Authors: Peng Lu , Kim Dong Jun , Yang Hei Cheon
Published: December 2014

The objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the mixed jet and oxygen transfer behavior of a vertical orifice nozzle. The experimental apparatus consisted of an electric motor-pump, an orifice nozzle, a circulation water tank, an air compressor, a high speed camera unit and controlling or measuring accessories. The entrainment ratio was calculated using the measured primary fluid flow rate and suction air flow rate with primary flow pressure. The visualization image of vertically injected air and mixed jet issuing from the orifice nozzle was analyzed qualitatively. As the air compressor pressure increases, the penetration length of mixed jet decreases and the mass ratio and dissolved oxygen concentration increase.
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis System of Plate Heat Exchanger Based on GIS
Authors: An Yan Ping
Published: December 2014

In order to improve the degree of digital urban central heating system in our country、manage many heat exchangers in the central heating system and timely and accurately diagnose with scale or jam faults of heat exchangers in the operation process, from the viewpoint of engineering application, this paper established the intelligent fault diagnosis system of plate heat exchanger, aimed at “the urban heating system intelligent decision-making platform development and demonstration ”project. Plate heat exchanger scale or jam fault diagnosis model is established based on real-time monitoring. Meanwhile association between pressure drop and flow of plate heat exchanger is given and applied to an actual plate heat exchanger for calculation and experimental verification. Results show that the fault diagnosis model can basically meet the requirements for engineering application,has a strong applicability and has a broad application prospect in the fault diagnosis system of plate heat exchanger.
A Fast Threat Assessment Model of Aerial Targets for Submarine
Authors: Zhao Bo Wei , Lu Fa Xing , Xie Bin , Wang Wei Xin
Published: December 2014

According to the actual operation type of submarine against aerial targets, this paper proposes a fast dynamic multi factor weighted threat assessment method, establishes the threat assessment factor which has the strongest influence and membership function. The multi factor assessment matrix is built on the base of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the factor weight coefficient is obtained and then the model might judge the threat level of the target. The method is fast and practical, it will provide a reference for establishment of submarine to air missile threat assessment.
Analysis of System Key Variables under Power Fluctuation from Wind Power Cluster
Authors: Lin Li , Wu Cong Cong , Wan Jiang , Zhang Hong Guang , Qi Jun
Published: December 2014

The influence of power fluctuation from wind power clusters on power system is more and more significant. In order to describe this influence, a key variable set which can perfectly reflect dynamic characteristics of power system under wind power fluctuation is determined based on a pratical power system. Then, drift characteristics of the key variables under typical power fluctuation of wind power cluster are analyzed. The comparison of the drift characteristics between the key variables and the non-key variables verifies the feasibility and validity of the method.
Research on Short-Circuit Current of Wind Power System and its Impact on Relay Protection
Authors: Shi Hua Bo , Chen Zhi , Li Gan , Zhou Bo
Published: December 2014

Wind energy is clean and renewable energy with rich resources. As one of the most promising green energy, wind power has become an important part of the electricity supply. But there are still many technical problems to be solved related to wind power generation and integration, because it may have significant impact on safe and stable operation of the power grid. Therefore, the doubly-fed wind generator and direct-driven permanent-magnet wind power generator are studied. Their models are built in PSCAD/EMTDC for electromagnetic transient simulation, in order to study the characteristics of their short circuit fault current, as well as the impact on the relay protection of the wind power system. The research outcomes provide a reference and basis to wind power failure characteristics research.
Vulnerability Assessment for Large-Scale Wind Farm
Authors: Zheng Wei , Ge Run Dong , Liu Wen Ying , Zhu Dan Dan , Li Hui Yong
Published: December 2014

Power system vulnerability is one new concept for power security as the extend of security in recent years. At present, the power system vulnerability research has obtained stage accomplishment. Meanwhile, the randomness and intermittence of the wind lead to the wind power output unsteady. It not only has a bad influence on the power system, but also makes wind farm vulnerability even more obvious. Based on this, vulnerability assessment is applied to large-scale wind farm in this paper. Vulnerability indexes of the bus in large-scale wind farm are put forward and prevention measures are also given and it will has reference meaning to the security enhance of both grid and wind farm.
Assessment of Offshore Wind Resource in China Using CFSR Data
Authors: Jin Shuang Long , Feng Shuang Lei , Wang Bo , Hu Ju , Ma Zhen Qiang , Song Zong Peng
Published: December 2014

The offshore wind farms have many advantages over the onshore ones: they are not affected by the terrain, ground vegetation, buildings and other landscape features, so they have stronger and steadier wind, higher wind power density, smaller turbulence intensity and other advantages. Therefore, offshore wind power becomes the developing trends of wind power industry nowadays. However, its development faces the challenge of how to assess offshore wind resources accurately. It is difficult to get accurate, long-term, large-scale measured data on sea, and the nearshore observations cannot be substitute for the offshore wind conditions directly. This paper applies the NCEP CFSR reanalysis data (combines with the WMO marine observation data) to research the offshore wind resource assessment of China. We find that CFSR reanalysis data is consistent with the observation data, and it can provide a reference for China offshore wind resource assessment. The result of China offshore wind resource distribution is obtained finally.
Analysis of Negative Sequence Operation Characteristics for Nuclear Half Speed Steam Turbine Generator
Authors: Dong Chuan  You , Ge Bao Jun , Lv Yan Ling , Tao Da Jun
Published: December 2014

The development of China's nuclear power industry is very rapid in recent years, nuclear generator also gets great development. With the increase of generator unit capacity, The service life and reliability of the generator is improved too. Among them, transient thermal generator operation ability is one of the key factors that affects the service life and reliability of generator. This paper mainly carries on to the generator produces in asymmetric operation process of negative sequence current and transient negative sequence component analysis theory, and with a turbo generator as an example, the voltage and current in different running states of the generator and the air gap flux density were compared and analyzed with finite element method. The conclusion of this paper has reference significance to deeply research the future of generator negative sequence component.
Study on the Effect of Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Trade on Energy Efficiency in the Yangtze Delta Region Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis Approach
Authors: Yang Xiao Wei
Published: December 2014

With the development of an open economy in the Yangtze Delta region, energy has increasingly become an bottleneck for rapid economic development. Opening up will promote economic expansion and affect the efficiency of energy utilization in the process of economic development. The proper evaluation of the impact of opening up on the efficiency of energy utilization will help the intensity and direction of open door policy adjustment. The paper used the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) approach to investigate the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign trade on the efficiency of energy utilization of the Yangtze Delta region in China. The results show that FDI and foreign trade both are very vital for the improvement of the efficiency of energy utilization. Moreover, the elastic of FDI on the energy efficiency is larger than the elastic of foreign trade on the energy efficiency.
The Numerical Prediction and Safety Analysis of Alternative Fuels Leakage Accident during Storage and Transportation
Authors: Wang Zhong Jie , Ding Jue , Weng Pei Feng
Published: December 2014

Using alternative fuels is an effective way to reduce air pollution and transform energy structure. The characteristics of four kinds vehicle alternative fuels (LPG, DME, CNG and hydrogen), and the advantages and disadvantages in practical application are studied in this paper. By using the methods which combines safety system engineering and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the diffusion process of fuels leakage, and the damage area were analyzed quantitatively. Moreover, potential fire accidents for alternative fuels during storage and transportation were evaluated by consequence assessment method. The study results show damage area of the fireball's radiation, which provides reference for fuel safety analysis.
High Reversible Capacity of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene as an Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Fu Chang Jing , Li Shuang , Wang Qian
Published: December 2014

Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-rGO) was synthesized in the process of preparation of reduced graphene oxide from the expanded graphite through the improved Hummers’ method. The morphology, structure and composition of nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (GO) and N-rGO were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nitrogen content of N-rGO was approximately 5 at.%. The electrochemical performances of N-rGO as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries were evaluated in coin-type cells versus metallic lithium. Results showed that the obtained N-rGO exhibited a higher reversible specific capacity of 519 mAh g-1at a current density of 100 mA⋅g-1and 207.5 mAh⋅g-1at a current density of 2000 mA⋅g-1. The excellent cycling stability and high-rate capability of N-rGO as anodes of lithium-ion battery were attributed to the large number of surface defects caused by the nitrogen doping, which facilitates the fast transport of Li-ion and electron on the interface of electrolyte/electrode.
Research Progress in Gasochromics Mechanism of Tungsten Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Wang Mei Han , Lei Hao , Wen Jia Xing , Sawada Yutaka , Hoshi Yoichi , Uchida Takayuki , Hou Zhao Xia
Published: December 2014

The gasochromic effect and its potential applications of tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films are introduced. The research progress in gasochromics mechanism of WO3films is reviewed and various mechanism models are summarized and discussed. The double injection model, oxygen vacancy diffusion model and localized water molecules model are extensively used to explain the gasochromic coloration of WO3films. A perspective on the gasochromics mechanism development of WO3films is tended to fabricate WO3film with single crystal and regular structure, which may simply the quantitative characterizations induced by the complicated structure. Elucidating gasochromics mechanism of WO3films not only helps to understand gasochromic coloration phenomenon well but also improves the performance of gasochromic coloration devices. It also accelerates the development of the relative science, such as gas detector, atom/ion transport material, surface catalysis of semiconductor, and so on.
Effects of Post-Annealing Temperature on the Structure and Electrical Properties of N-Doped ZnO Films
Authors: Zhao Xiang Min
Published: December 2014

N-doped ZnO films were deposited on Si (100) substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering in N2/Ar2gas mixture. After the deposition, the films were post-annealed in vacuum at several temperatures from 400°C to 850°C for 60 minutes respectively.X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), Hall measurements setup (Hall) were used to analyze the structure, morphology and electrical properties of ZnO films.The results show that growth are still preferred (002) orientation of ZnO films following post-annealing. When the annealing temperature is higher than 650°C achieved by the n-type ZnO to the p-type transition and for the better growth of p-type ZnO films, the optimal annealing temperature is 650°C.
Modulation of Low Bias Negative Differential Resistance in a Molecular Device by Adjusting Anchoring Groups
Authors: Wang Li Hua , Meng Heng Fang , Ding Bing Jun , Guo Yong
Published: December 2014

We investigate electronic transport properties of molecular device models constructed by a dipyrimidinyl–dimethyl molecule embedding in a carbon chain, which are then coupled to the gold electrodes through thiol or isocyanide group. Using the density functional theory combined with the nonequilibrium Green’s function method, negative differential resistance behaviors are observed in such molecular junctions. Most importantly, system with the isocyanide group can achieve a larger negative differential resistance at lower bias voltage (0.1V).
Novel Two-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Excellent Lithium Storage Properties
Authors: Yang Yong Qiang , Deng Hong Kang , Jin Ling , Liu Yuan , Lu Yao
Published: December 2014

A novel two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials was prepared through a facile hydrothermal method, using glucose as the carbon precursor and sodium borohydride as the structure directing agent. The application of as-obtained carbon nanomaterials after annealing in inert atmosphere as the anode of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) was explored. The results demonstrate the carbon nanomaterials can exhibit more excellent lithium storage properties with high capacity and superior rate properties than the graphite as a kind of common anode materials.
Effect of Oxygen Gas on Corrosion Behavior of Electro-Polymerization PANI Coating in PEMFC Environments
Authors: Zhou Wan Qiu , Li Xin , Huang Ting Ting , Wang Jian , Xin Shi Gang , Zhang Hong Bo
Published: December 2014

PANI coating was electrochemically synthesized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) method on the surface of 316L stainless steel plate. The surface morphology of PANI coating was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of oxygen gas on corrosion behavior of PANI coating in PEMFC environment was investigated. The corrosion performance of the coating was evaluated by potential-time curve and polarization curve as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a bath containing 1M H2SO4and 2ppM NaF, and the air with a flow rate of 10 ml/min was piped into the testing corrosion cell to simulate the positive cathode condition of PEMFC at 70°C. The potential-time curves illustrated that oxygen gas resulted in the potential decline towards negative direction. Polarization curves showed that corrosion potential of the sample with O2was lower than that of the sample without O2, and the corrosion current density was higher than that of the sample without O2. EIS results indicated that the Nyquist plots were constitute of a capacitive impedance arc and a incline line, and the oxygen gas reduced the anti-corrosion performance of the PANI coating.
Influence of Nitric Acid Oxidation on the Supercapacitive Performance of Mesoporous Carbons with Different Pore Symmetries
Authors: Liu Yu Rong
Published: December 2014

Two kinds of mesoporous carbons (MPC) with three-dimensional (3D) body-centered cubic (Imm) and 2D hexagonal symmetry (p6m) were synthesized by using triblock copolymer PEO-PPO-PEO (F127) and diblock copolymer polydimethylsiloxane-poly (ethylene oxide) (PDMS-PEO) as co-templates and were further activated by nitric acid oxidation. The electrochemical performances of MPCs and acid-modified MPCs (H-MPCs) electrodes were investigated. After nitric acid modification, the capacitive performances of MPCs were obviously improved. The acid-modified sample with 2D p6m symmetry (H-2D-MPC) exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 237.1 F g-1 in 6 M KOH at the current density of 1 A g-1 and could be a potential candidate for supercapacitors.
Progress of Research on Li-Rich Cathode Materials xLi2MnO3·(1-x) LiMO2(M=Ni, Co, Mn...) for Li-Ion Battery
Authors: Liu Xin Nuan , Xu Qun Jie , Yuan Xiao Lei , Jin Xue , Zhou Luo Zeng
Published: December 2014

With the development of the portable electronics industry, the need for more efficient power sources has been enlarged. Lithium-ion batteries are able to deliver high energy densities, high capacity and long cycle life at reasonable costs among competing energy storage technologies. The major goal of this paper is to introduce the promising Li-rich cathode material xLi2MnO3·(1-x) LiMO2(M=Ni, Co, Mn...), which owns enhanced energy and power density, high energy efficiency, superior rate capability and excellent cycling stability due to different modification methods.
Superior Cycling Performance of Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Cathode Assembled with In Situ Polymerized Gel Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Wu Zhen Jun , Wu Bo Rong , Ren Yong Huan , Mu Dao Bin , Zhao Xuan
Published: December 2014

Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile was well known for its excellent electrochemical performance. In this work, a kind of gel polymer electrolyte with PMMA as polymer matrix was prepared through in situ thermal initiated polymerization in this work. The interactions between polymer and traditional carbonate electrolyte were studied by IR. Its electrochemical performance in Li/SPAN batteries was investigated in detail, using LSV, CV, EIS et al. The results show that high ionic conductivity was achieved, with a value of 4.2 mS cm-1 at 30◦C when the content of PMMA was 15%. A reversible capacity of 975.3 mAh g-1 could be maintained after 50 cycles.
A Review on Low-Temperature Oxidation of Lignite: Oxygen Transport, Effects of Drying and Measures for Restraining Coal Oxidation
Authors: Zhao Huan , Liu Jun Shuai , Yu Jiang Long , Xin Bin Bin , Geng Xiu Zhen
Published: December 2014

Drying of lignite alters the physical and chemical structure of coal, and influences the oxygen transport on the low temperature oxidation process. This paper provides a comprehensive overview on low-temperature oxidation of lignite and its dried products, including oxygen transport during the oxidation process, changes of physical structure and chemical compositions occurring at the drying process and its effects on the oxygen transport, and restraint of dried lignite oxidation.
Stretching Induced Crystalline-Phase Transition in Energy-Conversion Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) Films
Authors: Wang Fei Peng , Huang Zheng Yong , Li Jian
Published: December 2014

Commercial poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films are uniaxially stretched with varying rates at 110 °C in order to endow PVDF piezo-and pyroelectric by crystalline-phase transition from α to β during the stretching. The crystalline phases are determined by infrared spectroscopy. The β-phase content and its fraction in films increase as a result of stretching with high rates. In addition, higher stretching rates yield a slight increase of γ phase. The crystallite size is evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction. It is found that the β-phase crystallites become smaller with fast stretching, whereas the α-phase crystallites are cracked and disappear at high-speed stretching of 2.5 /min.
Study on Preparation of CdS Quantum Dots for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wan Xiang Yu , Mei Xing An , Tian Yong Hong , Xu Da Hai , Xiong Yan
Published: December 2014

Quantum dot sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) has a potential high efficiency as the third generation solar cell, on account of the excellent performance of quantum dots. CdS is one of the most widely used quantum dot of QDSSCs, hence the optimization of its preparation process is extremely important. CdS quantum dots prepared in aqueous or alcohol on TiO2 film by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method are investigated and alcohol is found to be better than water as the precursor solvent.
Analysis on Line Differential Protection Based on Transient Saturation Characteristics of TPY-Type Current Transformer
Authors: Wei Wei , He Li , Zhen Wei , Liang Xiao Bin
Published: December 2014

Transient saturation characteristics of TPY-type current transformer have great impact on the right action of line differential protection. This paper proposes an analytical method of line differential protection under current transformer saturation by utilizing current transformer model and test methods. The true current value of primary side can be obtained by our proposed method and therefore it yields correct assessment of line operating status. This method has high reliability applying to practical engineering examples of differential protection.
Based the Active Defense Substation Domain Strategy Control Method to against Blackout
Authors: Zhang Qing Wei , Yang Sheng , Dai Ying
Published: December 2014

In the previous blackout, overload components out of operation often leaded to the expansion of the accident. One active defense substation domain strategy control system was proposed to prevent the N-1 contingencies to N-2 contingencies caused blackout. Through the substation elements states real time analysis , the active defense control strategy was created by learn from the principles and action messages of backup switching equipment, protection and automatic stability control devices. In order to keep the overall system stability, the active defense control strategy was completed by actively put in the standby element or quit part of the overload elements, to make the system into a new equilibrium state. Contrasting these control strategies by PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software, the results presented that this strategy could quickly change the “Close to collapse” zone into the stability states and the building program simple and practical.
Optimal Placement of DG Unit in Distribution System
Authors: Wang Xi , Chen Gang
Published: December 2014

Interconnection of distributed generators (DG) has obvious impacts on line loss in distribution system and the effects depend on interconnected location, interconnected number and power injection of distributed generation. With discrete distribution model of constant power static load system accessing DG into consideration, establishes the line loss minimum as the objective function of the model and optimizes interconnected location, interconnected number and power injection of DG using a quantum inspired evolutionary algorithm. IEEE33 diffset results show that the application of the model and the quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm can get reasonable DG interconnected location and power injection, effectively reduce the distribution system line loss.
Parallel Program Design and Development of Large-Scale Grid Topology Analysis
Authors: Luo Ya Di , Li Jing , Xu Jie , Dou Cheng Long , Jia Yu Pei
Published: December 2014

This paper proposes a parallel computing method of topological analysis based on the partition of grid model data, and based on the smart grid dispatch control system it design and develop the parallel topology analysis service using the OpenMP shared memory programming model and C/C++ programming language. According to the layering and zoning features of the smart grid dispatch control system, this method divides the grid mode by area and power station. Package the topology search function and do parallel processing for mode data according to different area and power station, which can realize the parallel network topology analysis. The test result on the actual grid shows that this method has good stability and real-time, and it can meet the system online simulation, analysis and control applications requires for the topology analysis.
Research on Grid Structural Vulnerability Based on Improved Electrical Betweenness
Authors: Qu Hui , Xian Xing , Ding Shao Qian , Wen Shan Shan , Lin Tao , Tao Fen
Published: December 2014

The emergence of electricity transmission with farther transporting distance, extra-higher voltage and greater transporting power and the formation of the regional interconnected power grid have greatly increased the probability of blackout, this phenomenon has fully exposed the vulnerability of large-scale interconnected power systems. In this paper, Electrical betweenness based on load transfer coefficient is proposed to construct structural vulnerability assessment index. Meanwhile, it is verified that the method is rational and available by analysising the difference of the IEEE-39 system between three attack modes.
Short-Circuit Current Calculation of a Power System with a Grid-Connected Inverter
Authors: Cao Wei , Do Cong Ngon , Cao Jia Lin , Sun Jing
Published: December 2014

This paper analyzes the difference between conventional power supply and inverter power supply short circuit characteristics, pointing out that the short circuit current does not contain transient DC component. The inverter power supply can be regarded as AC current source with sudden change of current at moment of short-circuit to calculate the current periodic component. The method to calculate the short circuit current of power grid with both conventional rotating generator and inverter power supply is proposed and evaluated.
Study on the Control of Distributed Generation System
Authors: Zhao Jia Xing , Shangguan Ming Xia
Published: December 2014

Distributed generation system (DGs) is considered to be an advanced configuration of distributed generation through the effective organization of renewable energy power sources, loads and energy storage devices, which can operate either isolation or connected with grid. This paper studied the control of DGs which is constructed with DFIG (Double Fed Induction Generator) based Wind Farm, PV (Photovoltaic) generation farm and Storage Batteries. The paper studied the simulation model of the DGs and the control strategy.
Influence of Catalyst on Direct Ethyl Lactate Production from Glucose and Ethanol
Authors: Ren De Zhang , Huo Zhi Bao , Fu Jun , Luo Jiang , Li Lu , Jin Fang Ming
Published: December 2014

In this paper, the influence of catalyst on the formation of ethyl lactate from glucose and ethanol was investigated. Among the catalysts tested, Co and Cu2O shows the catalytic activity for the ethyl lactate production and obtained the same 7.2% yield of ethyl lactate. The stability of Co before and after the reaction was suitable for the transformation. The effect of reaction time was also studied over Co.
Sensitivity Model to Power Flow Control Capability Using Controllable Series Compensators
Authors: Chen Min Jiang , Wu Bei , Li Sheng Hu , Chen Yue Qing
Published: December 2014

The series compensator, such as the thyristor controlled types, is often applied to high-voltage transmission to control power flow distribution and avoid overload/overvoltage. Various power flow schemes are needed to quantify its control capability which is related to network topology and load level. Sensitivities of bus voltages and power flows to the controlled line reactance, current magnitude, and active power flow, are given to quantify the control effect of the controllable series compensation under different operation conditions. Feasible setting to the controlled parameters within the adjustable range of the series reactance is estimated. The proposed model is applied to the ultra high-voltage (UHV) transmission, whose line parameters are lumped from the distributed line model. The numerical results on WSCC 9-bus system are proposed to validate control effect and error of the proposed model.
Probabilistic Load Flow Based on Cumulant Method Considering Multi-Slack Balance
Authors: Shi Fei , Yu Yi Jun , Feng Shu Hai , Zhou Jin , Xu Peng , Wang Li Wen
Published: December 2014

With constant improvement of intermittent energy source, its agglomeration effect and stochastic volatility will greatly influence the power system operation. It’s an inexorable trend that probabilistic power flow calculation shifts from offline analysis to real-time operation online. Among all probabilistic trend algorithms, probability flow calculation based on cumulant method is the fastest one; it has better prospect of online application. However, it requires random variables independent to each other, so the single slack bus always undertakes all unbalance power in conventional cumulant methods. When the fluctuation of system power injection becomes larger and larger, this calculation model will hardly adapted to the actual demand of the grid in the future. To improve the practicability, a improvement of probabilistic load flow based on cumulant method is proposed in this paper. By modify the calculation of the sensitivity matrix, the distribution of system unbalance power can be considered. The accuracy of this method is verified by the simulated analysis of the standard examples and actual power system model.
Analysis and Optimization of Fuel Delivery Advance Angle of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Using MATLAB
Authors: He Jin Ge , Zhang Jun Han , Xiao Ming Wei , Chen Zhen Bin
Published: December 2014

The experiment of economic and exhaust emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with 20% waste cooking oil bio-diesel blended with 80% diesel (B20) in different fuel delivery advance angle were performed. The fuel delivery advance angle is optimized under medium load condition by using the MATLAB software. The results show that the Optimized fuel delivery advance angle of B20 is at BTDC 15.225 °CA.
The Study of Denoising Algorithm for Partial Discharge Signal Based on the Wavelet
Authors: Li Lu , Jiang Guo Qing , Niu Tian Ye , Wang Yi , Lu Yong , Lan Qi , Chang Li , Liu Ya Lin , Chen Chao
Published: December 2014

Since the strong coupling property between partial discharge and external interference, how to obtain an acceptable Resolution is a huge challenge during partial discharge measure. In terms of interference suppression, many methods associated with analog and digital technique are devised. Whatever the methods are, the way to eliminate pulse interference is the toughest task due to the closest feature in the respect of time and frequency field compared with partial discharge. In this paper, we propose a wavelet based interference separation method to separate partial discharge signal compounding with random pulse signal, mobile communication signal and white noise, providing valid data for the following partial discharge measurement. Both simulation and practical results verify the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Study on the Centrifugal Atomization Process of Molten Slag with the Coupled Algorithm of Three-Dimensional SPH-FEM
Authors: Xu Xiao Xiong , Li Mian , Yang Yang , Cai Bo , Wei Hang Biao
Published: December 2014

The SPH method was introduced to simulate the centrifugal atomization process between molten slag and rotary disc since the traditional method based on grid cannot effectively solve the large deformation problem. Coupling the SPH method with FEM was realized through the coupled algorithm based on penalty function. The effectiveness of coupling algorithm used for calculating the centrifugal atomization process was affirmed. Under the condition that speed of rotary disc and molten slag flow are 1500rpm, 0.1m/s, respectively, the speed of molten slag particles that are directly colliding with the rotary disc is in a range from 2.5m/s to 3.0m/s as soon as that of molten slag particles disturbed by stress wave is in a range from 0.25m/s to 0.8m/s with the characteristics of volatility. This study is helpful for optimizing atomization process design and energy-saving efficiency.
Alterations in Population Growth Rate of Caenorhabditis elegans Exposed to Dichlorvos
Authors: Wang Chun Hua , Li Chao Pin
Published: December 2014

Dichlorvos is an environmental hormone insecticide, and several studies have demonstrated its toxic effects on C. elegans. However, little is known about its effect on the population growth rate of nematode cohort. After exposing worms to dichlorvos (1, 10 and 50 μmol/L) for 4h, a life table experiment was conducted by a hanging-drop method with a semi-fluid culture medium. Results showed that the survival rate and fecundity of worms decreased significantly, and concentration-dependent inhibitions were also observed in net reproductive rate, total fertility rate, average lifespan and population growth rate, so these parameters were approved to be sensitive to dichlorvos, and could be used as monitors of dichlorvos pollutant. The life table experiment measured several life-cyle traits simultaneously, and integrated them into population growth rate, which reflects a population’s response to a specific pollutant. The experimental results proved that life table experiment was important for assessment of pollutants.
The Construction of Evaluation System for the Initial Rainwater Reduction Facilities in Shanghai
Authors: Wu Xiao Kang , Ye Chun Ming , Li Yong Lin , Wu Jia
Published: December 2014

Initial rainwater pollution is an important non-point source pollution of urban drainage systems. The application of storage tanks and other reduction facilities has play a key role in reducing first flush pollution. Because of the lack of scientific evaluation system, the evaluation is disorderly and there are many operational problems. This case is based on the reduction facilities research of Suzhou Creek in Shanghai, through which a standard evaluation system and implementation procedure are built to perfect the incomprehensive and unscientific system, so that the efficiency can be improved.
Analysis of Security for Water Supply Network Based on the AHP Fuzzy Theory
Authors: Wang Jiao , Zhang Xin
Published: December 2014

Fuzzy mathematical evaluation method, is mainly rely on experience to determine the membership function for data processing. The water supply network security evaluation system is established based on network historical statistical data. A reasonable evaluation of urban water supply network in shanxi has been carried in the application of AHP to determine the factor weight of fuzzy mathematics.
Research on Hydraulic Model Establishment of Water Supply Network
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Kun , Wu Rui Ying
Published: December 2014

Under the existing technical and financial conditions, we can not do real-time monitoring of the water supply network in each point. The hydraulic model establishment has created favorable conditions for simulating pipe network hydraulic model.According to the information from pressure monitoring point of water supply pipe network , we can use batch adjustment principle to analyze the calculated variables’ value. With limited resources to simulate real-time network status, build pipe water conservancy network model and simulate network real-time operating conditions. Hydraulic model provides the basis for the water supply network security evaluation, scheduling scheme, pumps and piping renewal.
Groundwater Quality Affected by Yellow River Irrigated Agriculture in Northern Suburb of Yinchuan, China
Authors: Wu Hao , Qi Jing Wen , Qian Hui , Chen Jie , Zhang Xue Di
Published: December 2014

Groundwater quality is affected by agricultural irrigation easily. Northern suburb of Yinchuan is a part of Yellow River irrigation area. Shallow buried depth of groundwater and sandy aeration bring about high vulnerability which is adverse to prevent pollution. As source of drinking water, the quality of groundwater needs to be assessed eagerly. The analysis indicated primary pollution comes from agriculture activities. Pollution loss ratio was adopted to determine the level of pollution. The results show that pollution caused by high salinity is more prominent than nitrogen pollution. The pollution is considerable and a few pieces of advice were proposed in order to improve groundwater quality.
Research for Sustainable Development about Decentralized Reclaimed Water Project at City
Authors: Ban Yun Xiao , Quan Jing Jing
Published: December 2014

Decentralized Reclaimed water can be energy-saving emission reduction and ease the water crisis.Study first proposed considering time series is needed in sustainable development evaluation,and the establishment of sustainable development model correction: .