bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presence of Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Monosaccharides, and Polyols (FODMAPs) in commonly eaten foods: extension of a database to indicate dietary FODMAP content and calculation of intake in the general population from food diary data
Authors: Liljebo Therese , Störsrud Stine , Andreasson Anna
Published: September 2020

Background

FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Monosaccharides And Polyols) are known for their health benefits but their fermentation may trigger gastrointestinal symptoms and a low-FODMAP diet is a commonly used intervention for functional gastrointestinal disorders. The use of direct measures of FODMAP is labor intensive and expensive and to facilitate the assessment of FODMAP intake in research and clinical work, a nutritional content database with good quality estimates on FODMAP values is needed. Further, the average intake of FODMAP in a general population would be a useful reference and knowledge of the most commonly eaten foods containing FODMAPs would facilitate clinical work utilizing FODMAP diet interventions.

Methods

A nutritional content database was extended with published FODMAP content data. The database was used to calculate FODMAP intake from four-day food diaries from 117 individuals from the general population in Sweden and the most common food items containing FODMAPs were identified.

Results

FODMAP content for 1060 food items was added to the database resulting in 1805 listed FODMAP values. Mean intake of total FODMAP in the diaries was 19 g (fructose: 15.2 g; fructan: 3.5 g; lactose: 14.1 g; galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) 0.43 g and polyols 1.3 g per day). Overall the most common eaten food items containing FODMAPs were rye and wheat based foods.

Conclusion

Intake of FODMAPs as calculated using the extended database were in line with previous studies supporting its use of the database in both research and clinical interventions. The lists of the most commonly eaten FODMAP food items are provided and may be used to facilitate FODMAP diet interventions.
Farm data analysis for lifetime performance components of sows and their predictors in breeding herds
Authors: Koketsu Yuzo , Iida Ryosuke
Published: September 2020

Our objectives in this review are 1) to define the four components of sow lifetime performance, 2) to organize the four components and other key measures in a lifetime performance tree, and 3) to compile information about sow and herd-level predictors for sow lifetime performance that can help producers or veterinarians improve their decision making. First, we defined the four components of sow lifetime performance: lifetime efficiency, sow longevity, fertility and prolificacy. We propose that lifetime efficiency should be measured as annualized piglets weaned or annualized piglets born alive which is an integrated measure for sow lifetime performance, whereas longevity should be measured as sow life days and herd-life days which are the number of days from birth to removal and the number of days from date of first-mating to removal, respectively. We also propose that fertility should be measured as lifetime non-productive days, whereas prolificacy should be measured as lifetime pigs born alive. Second, we propose two lifetime performance trees for annualized piglets weaned and annualized piglets born alive, respectively, and show inter-relationships between the four components of the lifetime performance in these trees. Third, we describe sow and herd-level predictors for high lifetime performance of sows. An example of a sow-level predictor is that gilts with lower age at first-mating are associated with higher lifetime performance in all four components. Other examples are that no re-service in parity 0 and shorter weaning-to-first-mating interval in parity 1 are associated with higher fertility, whereas more piglets born in parity 1 is associated with higher prolificacy. It appears that fertility and prolificacy are independent each other. Furthermore, sows with high prolificacy and high fertility are more likely to have high longevity and high efficiency. Also, an increased number of stillborn piglets indicates that sows have farrowing difficulty or a herd health problem. Regarding herd-level predictors, large herd size is associated with higher efficiency. Also, herd-level predictors can interact with sow level predictors for sow lifetime performance. For example, sow longevity decreases more in large herds than small-to-mid herds, whereas gilt age at first-mating increases. So, it appears that herd size alters the impact of delayed gilt age at first-mating on sow longevity. Increased knowledge of these four components of sow lifetime performance and their predictors should help producers and veterinarians maximize a sow’s potential and optimize her lifetime productivity in breeding herds.
Geriatric assessment for older adults with sickle cell disease: protocol for a prospective cohort pilot study
Authors: Oyedeji Charity I. , Hall Katherine , Luciano Alison , Morey Miriam C. , Strouse John J.
Published: September 2020

Background

The life expectancy for people with sickle cell disease (SCD) has improved tremendously over the last 50 years. This population experiences hemolysis and vaso-occlusion in multiple organs that lead to complications such as cardiopulmonary disease, strokes, and avascular necrosis. These complications can limit mobility and aerobic endurance, similar to limitations that often occur in geriatric populations. These sickle-cell and age-related events lead to frequent hospitalization, which further increases the risk of functional decline. We have few tools to measure functional decline in people with SCD. The purpose of this paper is to describe a protocol to evaluate the feasibility of sickle cell disease geriatric assessment (SCD-GA).

Methods/design

We will enroll 40 adults with SCD (20 age 18–49.99 years and 20 age ≥ 50 years) in a prospective cohort study to assess the feasibility of SCD-GA. The SCD-GA includes validated measures from the oncology geriatric assessment enriched with additional physical and cognitive measures. The SCD-GA will be performed at the first study visit, at 10 to 20 days after hospitalization, and at 12 months (exit visit). With input from a multidisciplinary team of sickle cell specialists, geriatricians, and experts in physical function and physical activity, we selected assessments across 7 domains: functional status (11 measures), comorbid medical conditions (1 measure), psychological state (1 measure), social support (2 measures), weight status (2 measures), cognition (3 measures), and medications (1 measure). We will measure the proportion completing the assessment with feasibility as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include the proportion consenting and completing all study visits, duration of the assessment, acceptability, and adverse events.

Discussion

We present the protocol and rationale for selection of the measures included in SCD-GA. We also outline the methods to determine feasibility and subsequently to optimize the SCD-GA in preparation for a larger multicenter validation study of the SCD-GA.
Sexual violence victimisation among university students in Italy: a gendered intersectional quantitative approach
Authors: Ortensi Livia Elisa , Farina Patrizia
Published: September 2020

There is rising attention in Italy and Europe to the occurrence, consequences, and factors related to sexual violence. The focus on women as the primary victims of sexual violence has, however, left data collection and research on young men and sexual minorities in the background. Moreover, young people’s experiences of sexual abuse in the context of their relationships with peers are hardly recognised as a policy concern. The ultimate aim of this paper is to disentangle intersectionalities between gender, migration background, sexual orientation, and sexual experience in shaping the risk of experiencing sexual violence among university students in Italy.

We use data from the Sexual and Emotional LiFe of Youths (SELFY) survey carried out in Italy in 2017. Our data confirm that women and foreign-born students are at higher risk of sexual violence. Our data also support previous evidence that bisexual women are at a higher risk of sexual violence victimisation compared with peer students with other sexual orientations. Previous same-sex sexual experience is more relevant than sexual orientation in shaping the risk. The effect is gendered: the risk of sexual violence is lower for women with previous same-sex sexual experience compared with their male peers. The intersection between gender, sexual orientation, and same-sex sexual experience generate specific high-risk profiles whose needs should be targeted by support services.
Variations in growth and genetic properties of Zea mays L. germinants exposed to cold shock
Authors: Ikhajiagbe Beckley , Odenore Vona D. , Ifie Josiah E. , Umeokeke Esther O. , Loveniers Pieter-Jan , Enaruna Peace I.
Published: September 2020

Background

Abiotic stresses like low temperatures are contributory factors to the variations observed among species during plant germination, growth, and development. The present study evaluated the morphological and genetic responses of maize (Zea mays L.) seedling to cold shock induced by a one-time exposure to low temperature. Seeds were originally exposed to distilled water at room temperature for 48 h before they were completely submerged in buckets of ice for 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 h, respectively, and then transferred into Petri dishes. The set up was left on the laboratory bench for an additional 5 days, and plant germination parameters were measured. DNA was extracted and this was followed by RAPD—polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Significant growth impairment upon exposure to cold shock corresponding to the length of time of exposure was shown. The length of the prominent root significantly reduced upon exposure to a cold shock from 141.8 mm to as low as 91.4 mm in those plants exposed at 1.5 h. The length of the prominent leaf also significantly reduced from 100.6 mm in the control to between 62.6 and 85.5 mm in low-temperature-exposed plants (p < 0.05), notwithstanding the time of exposure. There were significant reductions in final germination percent in the low-temperature-exposed germinants (35.8–60.5%) when compared to the control (88.5%). The RAPD marker (OPA04) revealed variations in germinated maize seeds after treatment with different duration of low temperatures. The test plantlets treated for 0, 0.5, and 1.5 h have an unrecognizable complementary sequence to the primer OPA04, whereas the primer amplified regions of the genome of test plantlets treated for 3, 6, and 12 h. Primer OPA05 also presented diversity among maize seedlings stressed for various durations of cold shock.

Conclusion

The existence of genetic variations in the present study has far-reaching effects on the development of maize exposed to varying degrees of cold stress. Though restricted to germination only, they are important because the development of plants begins at the germination stage. These changes may affect the characteristics of economic importance or perhaps impact on the physiology of the maize plant eventually.
Methods to evaluate the twin formation energy: comparative studies of the atomic simulations and in-situ TEM tensile tests
Authors: Kim Hong-Kyu , Kim Sung-Hoon , Ahn Jae-Pyoung
Published: September 2020

Deformation twinning, one of the major deformation modes in a crystalline material, has typically been analyzed using generalized planar fault energy (GPFE) curves. Despite the significance of these curves in understanding the twin nucleation and its effect on the mechanical properties of crystals, their experimental validity is lacking. In this comparative study based on the first-principles calculation, molecular dynamics simulation, and quantitative in-situ tensile testing of Al nanowires inside a transmission electron microscopy system, we present both a theoretical and an experimental approach that enable the measurement of a part of the twin formation energy of the perfect Al crystal. The proposed experimental method is also regarded as an indirect but quantitative means for validating the GPFE theory.
The Role of Noncoding RNAs in Gout
Authors: Li Xue , Pan Yunyan , Li Wei , Guan Peiwen , You Chongge
Published: September 2020

Over the past decade, noncoding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) have been shown to have crucial functional importance in health and disease. ncRNAs have been well studied and may be involved in the development of inflammatory arthritis, including gouty arthritis. Gout is also associated with metabolic pathway disorders, such as hyperuricemia, due to disturbed purine nucleotide metabolism or excretion of uric acid through the kidney. Moreover, their presence in the circulation has led to the idea that ncRNAs might serve as biomarkers for specific disease states to guide clinical decision-making. Therefore, we summarize the emerging evidence and review the current literature on the regulatory role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in gout pathophysiology. We further discuss the opportunities and challenges of ncRNAs as new blood-based biomarkers for future studies aimed at translation into clinical applications in the diagnosis and therapy of gout.
The bite force-gape relationship as an avenue of biomechanical adaptation to trophic niche in two salmonid fishes
Authors: Kaczmarek Elska B. , Gidmark Nicholas J.
Published: September 2020

All skeletal muscles produce their largest forces at a single optimal length, losing force when stretched or shortened. In vertebrate feeding systems, this fundamental force-length relationship translates to variation in bite force across gape, which affects the food types that can be eaten effectively. We measured the bite force-gape curves of two sympatric species: king salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and pink salmon (O. gorbuscha). Cranial anatomical measurements are not significantly different between species, however, peak bite forces are produced at significantly different gapes. Maximum bite force is achieved at 67% of maximum gape for king salmon and 43% of maximum gape for pink salmon. This may allow king salmon to use greater force when eating large or elusive prey. In contrast, pink salmon do not require high forces at extreme gapes for filter feeding. Our results illustrate that the bite force-gape relationship is an important ecophysiological axis of variation.
Benchmarking of long-read assemblers for prokaryote whole genome sequencing
Authors: Wick Ryan R. , Holt Kathryn E.
Published: September 2020

Background: Data sets from long-read sequencing platforms (Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Pacific Biosciences) allow for most prokaryote genomes to be completely assembled – one contig per chromosome or plasmid. However, the high per-read error rate of long-read sequencing necessitates different approaches to assembly than those used for short-read sequencing. Multiple assembly tools (assemblers) exist, which use a variety of algorithms for long-read assembly.

Methods: We used 500 simulated read sets and 120 real read sets to assess the performance of eight long-read assemblers (Canu, Flye, Miniasm/Minipolish, NECAT, NextDenovo/NextPolish, Raven, Redbean and Shasta) across a wide variety of genomes and read parameters. Assemblies were assessed on their structural accuracy/completeness, sequence identity, contig circularisation and computational resources used.

Results: Canu v2.0 produced reliable assemblies and was good with plasmids, but it performed poorly with circularisation and had the longest runtimes of all assemblers tested. Flye v2.8 was also reliable and made the smallest sequence errors, though it used the most RAM. Miniasm/Minipolish v0.3/v0.1.3 was the most likely to produce clean contig circularisation. NECAT v20200119 was reliable and good at circularisation but tended to make larger sequence errors. NextDenovo/NextPolish v2.3.0/v1.2.4 was reliable with chromosome assembly but bad with plasmid assembly. Raven v1.1.10 was the most reliable for chromosome assembly, though it did not perform well on small plasmids and had circularisation issues. Redbean v2.5 and Shasta v0.5.1 were computationally efficient but more likely to produce incomplete assemblies.

Conclusions: Of the assemblers tested, Flye, Miniasm/Minipolish and Raven performed best overall. However, no single tool performed well on all metrics, highlighting the need for continued development on long-read assembly algorithms.
Study Protocol: Prospective, observational, cohort study of COVID-19 in General Practice (North Dublin COVID-19 Cohort [‘ANTICIPATE’] Study)
Authors: Cullen Walter , Avramovic Gordana , Broughan John , Burke Mary-Carmel , Cotter Aoife , Crowley Des , Downey Joanne , Duggan Paul , Fawsitt Ronan , Guerandel Allys , Hennessy Eilis , Kelleher Cecily , Mills Gerald , McCombe Geoff , McHugh Tina , O’Connor Eileen , Perrotta Carla , Lambert John S.
Published: September 2020

Background: It is accepted that COVID-19 will have considerable long-term consequences, especially on people’s mental and physical health and wellbeing. Although the impacts on local communities have been immense, there remains little data on long term outcomes among patients with COVID-19 who were managed in general practice and primary care. This study seeks to address this knowledge gap by examining how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the medium and long-term health and wellbeing of patients attending general practice, especially their mental health and wellbeing. 

Methods: The study will be conducted at 12 general practices in the catchment area of the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, i.e. the North Dublin area, an area which has experienced an especially high COVID-19 incidence. Practices will be recruited from the professional networks of the research team. A member of the general practice team will be asked to identify patients of the practice who attended the practice after 16/3/20 with a confirmed or presumptive diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Potential participants will be provided with information on the study by the clinical team. Data will be collected on those patients who consent to participate by means of an interviewer-administered questionnaire and review of clinical records. Data will be collected on health (especially mental health) and wellbeing, quality of life, health behaviours, health service utilisation, and wider impacts of COVID-19 at recruitment and at two follow up time points (6, 12 months).

Deliverables: The project involves collaboration with Ireland’s Health Service Executive, Ireland East Hospital Group, and the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin. The study is funded by the Health Research Board. Findings will inform health policies that attenuate the adverse impacts of COVID-19 on population mental health and health generally.
Model of Future Software Engineers Teaching to Ensure Information Security of the Enterprise
Authors: Sizov A.
Published: September 2020

The article presents the developed model of training future software engineers to ensure information security of the enterprise, as well as the results of the implementation of the developed model in the practice of higher education organizations operating in modern conditions. The model was developed on the basis of conclusions about the essence of readiness to provide information security of the enterprise as a pedagogical phenomenon, its structural, content and dynamic characteristics, as well as taking into account the empirical study of factors that determine the level of formation of graduates of the designated readiness. The author introduces the content of the model in detail, reveals its potential for improving the quality of higher education, and provides evidence of its effectiveness in the practice of modern universities.

Experimental testing of the developed model was carried out in Russian universities that implement bachelor's degree programs in the areas of training 02.03.01 (Mathematics and computer science), 09.03.01 (computer Science and engineering), 10.03.01 (Information security). For the pedagogical experiment, two groups were formed, consisting of students studying in different areas of training. The experimental group consisted of 68 students, the control group - 69. The pedagogical experiment lasted for the entire period of training – four years and consisted in the implementation of the presented model and its corresponding specially developed programs of academic disciplines, programs of educational and industrial practices, plans for non-academic activities of students. The results of a comparative analysis of indicators of the level of formation of students' control and experimental groups of professional competencies, identified by the author as the main result of professional training to ensure information security of the enterprise, serve as an indicator of the effectiveness of the proposed model.
The Influence of Professional Subculture on Information Security Policy Violations: A Field Study in a Healthcare Context
Authors: Sarkar Sumantra , Vance Anthony , Ramesh Balasubramaniam , Demestihas Menelaos , Wu Daniel Thomas
Published: September 2020

The Influence of Professional Subculture on Information Security Policy Violations: A Field Study in a Healthcare Context
Evaluation of the effect of two commercially available non-alcoholic mouth rinses on the microhardness of composite material - An invitro study
Authors: Rajasekhar Reshma , James Baby , Johny Minimol K , Jacob Jose
Published: September 2020

Background; Composites have been widely used for anterior as well as posterior restorations due to increased aesthetic demands. Composite restorations placed in patients oral cavity is subjected to masticatory load, pH changes and chemical effect due to mouthwashes, beverages, food etc and the detrimental effects associated with these challenges on the microhardness of composite has to be determined. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two commercially available non-alcoholic mouth rinses on the microhardness of micro-hybrid and nanohybrid composite resins.

Materials and methods: Forty disc-shaped composite specimens were made from each type of composite materials and were divided into 5 groups with 8 samples each, Group 1= Microhybrid+Chlorhex, Group2=Microhybrid + Hexidine, Group3= Nanohybrid + Chlorhex, Group4= Nanohybrid+ Hexidine, Group 5= Nanohybrid and Micro hybrid + artificial saliva(Control).The samples were immersed in mouthrinses for 24 hrs and microhardness was subsequently measured using a Vicker’s microhardness tester.

Results: There was no significant difference in microhardness values of tested composite resins in either mouth rinses when compared to composites immersed in artificial saliva.

Conclusion: Non-alcoholic mouth rinses do not affect the microhardness of micro-hybrid and nanohybrid composites.
Leucas aspera to Treat Pan Oral Disorders - An Experimental Study
Authors: Nagarajan S. Karthika , Rani Vidya , Narayanasamy Aravindhababu , Kadar Masthan Mahaboob
Published: September 2020

This article aimed at discussing the effectiveness of developing a new antioxidant and anti-inflammatory product from the natural source namely the extract of Leucas aspera plant that can be used to treat various oral mucosal conditions. The study was a descriptive experimental study. The dried powder extract of the whole LA plant was subjected to various procedures such as phytochemical analysis, antioxidant assay (DPPH) and assessment of anti-inflammatory effect (Cytokine activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells) and the results were tabulated. Significance of anti-inflammatory activity was tested by T-test. Our analysis has confirmed that 100µg of plant extract showed high amount of antioxidant activity (78%). The cytokine inhibitory percentage of our plant extract showed consistent increase when tested from 250 ug/ml to 1000ug/ml to be from 24% to 39% thus demonstrating significantly high level of anti-inflammatory potential (P > 0.01). Our study suggests that LA plant can be safely utilized for testing and developing products based on its extract.
Sentidos alegóricos da dialética sujeito-objeto na modernidade: o duplo em “A Caverna”, de Saramago
Authors: Vieira Cardoso Mariana , Nunes Santos Daniel
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo apresenta uma interpretação da obra “A Caverna”, do autor português José Saramago, baseada no seu caráter alegórico e na sua possível ilustração do movimento histórico de constituição da subjetividade no âmbito da modernidade. Para isso, nos valemos das reflexões de Bakhtin acerca da formação da subjetividade a partir da relação dialética eu e outro, relação que aborda o fundo temático literário: o duplo, antes explorado em diversos exemplares da literatura ocidental. Valemo-nos também do conceito de alegoria em Benjamin, que postula, a partir da unidade entre forma e conteúdo da obra literária, uma interação entre a figura particular e seu possível sentido geral e representativo. A partir dessas e outras ferramentas críticas e teóricas, interpretamos o destino de Cipriano Algor, protagonista de “A Caverna”, como ilustrativo do modo como o sujeito moderno é silenciado e marginalizado no interior da dinâmica capitalista a partir da dialética sujeito-objeto.
Práticas de leitura no Skoob: possíveis implicações para o ensino de literatura na escola
Authors: Scheffel Marcos , Barbosa Luiz Guilherme
Published: September 2020

A crise da leitura, propalada pelo imaginário de senso comum, apresenta um ponto de contradição com as práticas leitores em contexto digital, que têm consumido a atenção das pessoas na contemporaneidade, especialmente de crianças e jovens. Nesse sentido, a rede social de leitores Skoob, que mobiliza 5 milhões de usuários no Brasil, pode revelar práticas de leitura relevantes para considerar estratégias pedagógicas de formação de leitores no contexto da educação básica. Considerando análises críticas como as de Daniel Cassany (2011) e de Aidan Chambers (2007), esse artigo apresenta e analisa práticas de leitura observadas no Skoob, e propõe diálogos entre essas práticas e o currículo da educação básica, norteado pela educação literária.
O ensino de literatura nas aulas de ELE: proposta de aplicação da literatura comparada e das TIC
Authors: Elsner Matheus Amanda Maria , Del Pozo González Leila Shaí , Winkert Danielle Josiane
Published: September 2020

A noção de que a Literatura ocupa o espaço que caberia a “assuntos mais importantes” dentro do planejamento de aulas é ainda um estigma que nós, professores, temos que superar. A tal estigma se acrescenta a questão de como inserir, em 2020, os recursos digitais e da internet nas práticas educacionais. Aportar ideias de como romper as barreiras temporais e espaciais e promover a interlocução interdisciplinar em uma aula de Literatura, no contexto da aula de línguas estrangeiras, por meio de atividades práticas, é o objetivo do presente estudo. A aplicação da proposta é direcionada para uma aula de língua espanhola como língua estrangeira, com atividades de aplicação da Literatura Comparada sob a ajuda das TIC, no âmbito do CELEM (Centro de Línguas Estrangeiras Modernas).
Leitores em rede: texto literário e multiletramentos nas aulas de língua materna
Authors: Zanardi Juliene Kely
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir o proveito do uso das novas tecnologias para o trabalho com o texto literário em sala de aula. Mais especificamente, por meio do relato de uma sequência de atividades desenvolvidas em uma escola da rede pública, pretende-se demonstrar de que maneira redes sociais como Skoob podem ser utilizadas como um facilitador do acesso à leitura e como um meio de interação entre leitores, oportunizando aos alunos contextos autênticos e democratizadores de fruição do texto literário.
Digital Humanities and Social Change: an Interview with Alex Gil
Authors: Gil Alex , Santos Brigida Marcela , Ribeiro Nunes Gabriela
Published: September 2020

While it is not yet possible to gauge the long-term impacts of the shifts brought on by the experiences of 2020, it seems safe to assume this year will be remembered by the many critical events that precipitated change in the ways humans relate to each other and to our environment. The most far-reaching of those is, of course, the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the Black Lives Matter marches, popular demonstrations against totalitarian governments throughout the world, as well as deeply concerning tipping-points regarding climate change are all part of a collective conversation we feel the urge to engage with. Nearly six months into our own experience with the pandemic in Brazil, after the loss of more than one hundred thousand lives to COVID-19, we at Palimpsesto aim at publishing pieces that not only acknowledge the circumstances under which they were written, but that also engage and produce critical thinking about them. It was within this spirit, and not only considering this issue's theme – “Literature Teaching in Digital Contexts: Dialogues and Connections” – that we approached Dr. Alex Gil and asked him for an interview.Alex Gil is a well-known scholar in the field of Digital Humanities not only for his work as a Digital Scholarship Librarian at Columbia University Libraries or as a developer of ingenious projects, but also for the fact that he often directs his abilities to produce tools that help promote social change. Dr. Gil has developed and collaborated in several of such efforts, as we discuss throughout our interview. Bearing Witness, one of his most recent initiatives, has been jointly announced by him and Prof. Samuel Roberts (Columbia University) and appears as “an effort to document and interpret the events associated with the novel coronavirus epidemic in the United States as it pertains to racialized minorities”. We strongly recommend that you read more about the Mobilized Humanities interventions in the links available at the end of this piece.It has been truly delightful to discuss Alex Gil’s projects and to consider how each of us – as students, researchers, and teachers – can work in the humanities to acquire new skills to produce change. The discussion around the place of the university amid this crisis, as an institution, is also one that deeply interests us. Finally, Gil is a prominent Aimé Césaire scholar. Discussing the work produced by this writer and thinker – at a moment when Discourse on Colonialism has just been released in a new Brazilian edition – also seems to be a crucial exercise to try to make sense of our questions – in a local and in a global scale – with a critical eye. We are thankful to Dr. Alex Gil for taking the time to talk to us amid the 2020 chaos as well as for the thought-provoking insights he has brought to us, which we now proudly share with Palimpsesto's readers.
Custo-minimização de curativos para cateter venoso central: gaze estéril versus filme transparente
Authors: Caló Fernanda Oliveira , Peregrino Antônio Augusto de Freitas , Franco Andrezza Serpa , Rocha Ronilson Gonçalves , Camerini Flavia Giron , Marta Cristiano Bertolossi
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: comparar o custo entre coberturas com filme transparente versus gaze estéril e fita adesiva microporosa em curativos de acesso venoso central. Método: estudo estatístico, prospectivo,  observacional, com abordagem quantitativa à luz da avaliação econômica de saúde. Foram avaliadas 109 coberturas com filme e 168 com gaze, durante 27 dias. Na análise utilizou-se o Software Tree Age para se calcular a probabilidade de cada decisão. Resultado: a média de uso das coberturas por dia foi de 2,22 inserções cobertas com filme e 3,43 com gaze. Houve necessidade de troca extra em 38 (23%) das coberturas com gaze e em 16 (15%) das coberturas com filme transparente.  Observou-se custo final médio para gaze (R$389,44) 3,7 vezes maior que o filme transparente (R$104,95) durante o período estudado. Conclusão: cobertura com filme transparente tem menor custo quando comparado com cobertura com gaze estéril.
Políticas públicas de leitura e educação escolar: análise da materialização em Anhumas / São Paulo.
Authors: Sala Fabiana , Militão Silvio César Nunes
Published: September 2020

O Plano Nacional do Livro e Leitura propõe eixos e ações a fim de criar espaços e condições à execução de políticas públicas com vistas à garantia de acesso às formas mais verticais de informação. Este estudo objetiva analisar o processo de implementação do Plano Municipal de Anhumas e contribuir às discussões sobre a formulação de políticas públicas locais de biblioteca escolar. Realizou-se um estudo de caso em que nos dispomos da revisão bibliográfica, entrevista semiestruturada, observação e análise de documentos. A experiência do município em empreender seu Plano demonstra que criar e promover políticas públicas de leitura e biblioteca é um caminho promissor para que a população possa ter condições de criar debates e construir conhecimento, com foco no direito fundamental à informação.
Urbanismo africano: 6000 anos construindo cidades (uma introdução ao tema)
Authors: Cunha Junior Henrique
Published: September 2020

: O desenvolvimento do referencial conceitual da disciplina de “Urbanismo africano: 6000 anos construindo cidade”  foi desenvolvido em pesquisas nos últimos 10 anos e a disciplina foi  oferecida em alguns programas de pós-graduação nas áreas de ensino de  Engenharia e Sociedade do NIDES-UFRJ e da arquitetura e urbanismo da UFBA. O artigo é sobre o desenvolvimento referencial conceitual do urbanismo com base na perspectiva da historia e cultura africana e do Pan-africanismo.  Trata de  uma abordagem considerada por nós original no campo do ensino de urbanismo, de caráter transdisciplinar,  para as áreas de engenharia e sociedade, geografia urbana e arquitetura e urbanismo.  O ensino da relação entre  engenharia e sociedade é um campo relativamente novo abrange as relações sociais, compreendendo as relações etno-raciais, as culturas e as tecnologias.  O urbanismo e a arquitetura são campos do conhecimento na interface sociedade e tecnologias construtivas, sendo que ao longo do século passado produziram uma visão eurocêntrica e um pensamento racista sobre o continente africano. A perspectiva do ensino do urbanismo com base na historia e cultura africana constitui uma inovação em ensino, faz parte do combate teórico-conceitual ao eurocentrismo. Neste artigo apresentamos o desenvolvimento das bases conceituais dessa disciplina.
Contribuições dos estudos críticos sobre relações étnico-raciais ao campo da Educação
Authors: Araujo Débora Cristina de , Silva Paulo Vinicius Baptista da
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo de explorar conceitos e pesquisas oriundos dos estudos críticos sobre relações étnico-raciais (em especial das Ciências Sociais) e verificar como eles podem ser mobilizados no campo da Educação. A análise parte da discussão dos conceitos de raça e racismo para analisar os conceitos de: racismo institucional; racialização; preconceito racial de origem e preconceito racial de marca. Discute a eclosão dos conceitos, as proposições de autoras/es que os formularam, as disputas e contradições apresentadas na literatura sobre seu uso, suas potencialidades ou limites para a pesquisa no campo da educação. Conclui que os conceitos de racismo institucional e de racialização são ferramentas conceituais consistentes e bastante relevantes para a pesquisa em educação das relações étnico-raciais no Brasil. Em relação ao “preconceito racial de origem” e “preconceito racial de marca”, sua análise auxilia na compreensão dos processos de construção e algumas especificidades do racismo no Brasil.
Editorial
Authors: Paiva Jane , Leonardi Paula
Published: September 2020

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Public Freedoms in the Islamic State
Authors: Ghannouchi Rached
Published: September 2020

The author of this book has long been known as a reformist or moderate Islamist thinker. In this book he argues that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights—in its broad outlines—meets with wide acceptance among Muslims if their interpretation of Islamic law is correct. Under his theory of the purposes of Shariʻa, justice and human welfare are not exclusive to Islamic governance, and the objectives of Islamic law can be advanced in multiple ways. The book examines the Western concept of freedom and the Islamic perspective on freedom and human rights, basic democratic principles, the basic principles of an Islamic political system, the concept of tyranny across three different schools of thought, and concludes with an examination of the solutions in Islamic thought that can curb state tyranny, for the benefit of freedom, justice, and the human rights of citizens.
Introduction
Authors: Barcia Manuel
Published: September 2020

Of what strange nature is knowledge! It clings to the mind, when it has once seized on it, like a lichen to the rock.

—Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus (uncensored 1818 edition)

ON FEBRUARY 22, 1841, Dr. Thomas Nelson boarded a vessel that had just been escorted into the harbor of Guanabara by HMS ...
The Blood of Thousands
Authors: Barcia Manuel
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on the ways in which slave traders throughout the Atlantic world understood and fought against the diseases that affected them and their human cargoes. It does so by illustrating the risks associated with slave trading expeditions and with the residence in African towns and factories. It also discusses to what extent their understanding and treatment of these diseases were similar to those of the medical officers who confronted them while attempting to stop them. Ultimately, the chapter concludes that slave traders and their accomplices had access to state-of-the-art therapies and to new medicines, just as much as their nemesis in the anti–slave trade patrols did.
That Is Not Who We Are!
Authors: Smith Rogers M.
Published: September 2020

Authoritarian nationalist movements labeled “populist” are advancing xenophobic, intolerant “stories of peoplehood” to justify repression and exclusions in many nations today. That Is Not Who We Are! argues that those stories must be met in part by advancing more egalitarian and inclusive national narratives. It provides criteria for developing better stories of peoplehood and explores examples from many nations around the world, including Denmark, India, Israel, and the United States. The book concludes that stories championing democracy; a more perfect union; and the Declaration of Independence’s quest to secure rights for all can help to combat the dangers of Donald Trump’s “America First” nationalist narrative.
What Makes a Good Story of Peoplehood?
Authors: Smith Rogers M.
Published: September 2020

The “Three R’s” of good stories of peoplehood are resonance, respect, and reticulation. Political stories must take people where they are, drawing on existing senses of identity and values and speaking to felt needs and grievances. But they must also incorporate respect for all persons, and a spirit of accommodation expressed in support for pluralism and policies that accord people different, reticulated treatment according to their different circumstances and aspirations. Though respect and a spirit of accommodation are hard to achieve, every modern nation includes resonant traditions embodying those values. Examples discussed include Denmark, India, and Israel.
‘The meal-ticket’
Authors: Griffin Emma
Published: September 2020

This chapter shows that the foundation of the working-class family was the male wage, and a recurring memory in the autobiographies was the weekly tradition of father handing his earnings over to mother. Family life involved a complex web of rights and responsibilities. The father's place in this matrix was simple: he was responsible for providing for his wife and children and his execution of this duty outside the home earned him special rights — with respect to food, service, and sex — within it. Provision lay at the heart of working-class conceptions of fatherhood, and time and again, writers used this as the benchmark with which to evaluate their fathers. The chapter thus considers how well the autobiographers' fathers provided for their families. This question is analysed with respect to an individual man's skills and capacity for earning. Furthermore, the answer to this turned upon two related factors: how regularly a father worked, and — crucially — how much of his earnings he actually shared with his family.
Goebbels, Manipulative Modernism, and Bucolic Jew-Baiting
Authors: Kraus Karl
Published: September 2020

This chapter turns to Goebbels. During this time, “Everything that motivates and inspires the German people,” prescribed by Goebbels as the products of the nation's creativity, was beginning to take shape. The leadership was well advised when it chose as Propaganda Minister a man who (like only Diebold before him) seems capable of stimulating tourism (currently the prime objective) as well as intellectual reconstruction. The man in charge of culture had it all at his fingertips. He was a master of all the literary buzzwords—those arcane abstractions every typewriter in Berlin spews out—and on occasion he even knew how to hit the polemical-satirical note. As for other forms of productivity, some of the nation's creative writers—those who have not exhausted themselves writing on the windows of Jewish shops on Boycott Day—had made a promising start. Polemical writing was given a fresh impetus, and topical verse that employs biting satire to get to grips with grievances was encouraged.
Heidegger and the Verbal Accomplices of Violence
Authors: Kraus Karl
Published: September 2020

This chapter considers the philosophical custodian of National Socialist thought. It argues that one would be hard put to find any such thing; rather, it is still something in the making, spawned from the intellectual potential of a life that reveals the mass-produced article in all its organic forms. It has long been evident that the new German book trade has nothing worthwhile to offer, either in its sales pitch or in its window displays: nothing but “action” and “will,” “blood and soil”—every catchphrase a hand grenade, a direct hit by authors whose fixed stare is indistinguishable from that of their readers; the bleak optimism of a generation that has heard something about “having looked death in the eye” and hence feels a compulsion to repeat this while terrorising its fellow men. The chapter asserts that these are romanticised white-collar projects for wars of liberation designed to enslave others. And now people are trying their hand at converting German philosophy into an introductory course on the “Hitler Idea.”
Gottfried Benn and the Sacrifice of Intellect
Authors: Kraus Karl
Published: September 2020

This chapter turns to Gottfried Benn. As a late convert to the Nazi movement, he has made a complete about-face from left to right and been attacked on that score by the émigré intellectuals. For the convert provides even more valuable service than the philosopher whose belligerence predated the breakthrough of the Hitler Idea. Benn's support carries weight as evidence of the seductive power of National Socialism, as an exemplary sacrifice of the intellect, documenting the mindless opportunism that epitomises the current situation. To the outside observer it also reveals the depths to which any literary hack can sink. It has long been recognised that such authors lay it on thick when they are of Aryan descent, but the chapter shows that Benn, despite his radical rejection of the intellectual lifestyle, does not disown the formal tools of his trade, carrying the complete set into his new home.
National German Jews
Authors: Kraus Karl
Published: September 2020

This chapter discusses the “National German Jews.” While current developments still allow journalism to be neither fish nor fowl, adapting naturally to the claims of cosmopolitanism, other Jewish spokesmen have succumbed to repeated bouts of intransigent Teutonism. The chapter criticises this, stating that the most astonishing aspect of this phenomenon is the total failure to realise that it might actually be better to show some courage, given that submission is of no use anyway; and the complete and basically aberrant inability to calculate the limited payoffs of cowardice. To be sure, every individual act of self-preservation is forgivable when under duress and where fear prompts someone to evade, if possible, an anticipated threat; and many reports of individual or communal acts of charity, quite apart from the manifestly tragic distress involved, might even count as expressions of altruism. But consider a solidarity more abject than that of German National Jews—proponents of a mission which even in peacetime was surely already an oxymoron. To do justice to both German identity and an inverted variant of their own, they call themselves “National German” Jews.
“When Jewish Blood …”
Authors: Kraus Karl
Published: September 2020

This chapter argues that the only difference lies in the “ethical instrumentation” of criminal actions—something unknown at the time when Macbeth murdered sleep. Our world, which still retains certain established modes of thinking, feels shocked and apprehensive as it follows the contest between words and deeds, deeds and words, and anxiously awaits the outcome. If it attends more to the words and their bellicose meaning, it is told to judge the Reich by its deeds. If it refers to deeds, Hitler's conciliatory Reichstag speech is cited in refutation. Point out this contradiction, and they dismiss it as a side issue which bears no relation to the kernel of the revolution, legally invested with power.
Austrian Independence and the Innocent Aggressor
Authors: Kraus Karl
Published: September 2020

This chapter shows that the Nazi leadership has adopted the strategy of protesting against “Austrian atrocities.” Against the way their agent inspecteur has been treated there. Against the trivial penalties imposed on their loyal servants. They adduce photographic evidence of real, not just alleged, arrests. And that was why they had no alternative but to close the border, issue travel permits to would-be assassins, set up an Austrian Legion, and foment revolt in the country. The armed incursion into Austria was an internal German matter and “the deterioration of the mood in England can be attributed to the English public's inability to understand Germany's intentions towards Austria”; consequently, there was an alleged conflict between Germany and Austria and alleged interference of Germany in Austrian affairs by the alleged dropping of leaflets on Austrian soil, while the real dropping of leaflets on German soil had contributed to alleged aerial rearmament in Germany, which accounts for the alleged démarche of the powers.
Casting out the Devil through Beelzebub
Authors: Kraus Karl
Published: September 2020

This chapter criticises the Social Democratic Party's ineffectual actions. Admittedly, National Socialism has thrived on a similar or at least an equally antiquated intellectual rhythm, while Socialism has been weakened by it. But the Nazis were better organised. If one pictures the destruction of German Social Democracy as the work of the Devil (“He blew with His winds and they were scattered”), then surely what has been—and will continue to be—glossed over with slippery words is beyond comprehension. Yet the chapter considers how many hopes and disappointments were already twisted by lies, how many harsh realities by being lumped together and explained as “dialectical evolution,” and by a makeshift intellectualism that even the experts would surely find too stupid were they not using it to stupefy the others. Never before have party leaders degraded such concepts as “struggle” and “power” into bureaucratic jargon, perverting them by tendentious typography.