bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of healthcare professionals in drug-drug interactions and clinical interventions
Authors:   Supervisor Pharmacist, Al-Khidmat Pharmacy Services, Karachi, Pakistan, Siddiqui Durr-e-Shahwar
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. Healthcare professionals including prescribers, pharmacists and nurses must have adequate knowledge of drug-drug interactions because they can cause toxicity, loss of efficacy, and side effects. This study was aimed to assess the respective roles of healthcare professionals in preventing drug-drug interactions by clinical interventions. Material and methods. This study was conducted at a Secondary Care Hospital of Pakistan in which total 1000 prescriptions were assessed for drug-drug interactions. Questionnaires and descriptive statistics were tools to assess the satisfaction of prescribers with pharmacists and their own prescribed medications before and after the clinical interventions. Modifications in medication therapies were done accordingly after the evaluation and acceptance of interventions. Results. The p-value was highly significant (p<0.05) which showed that the collaboration between healthcare professionals is necessary to avoid drug-drug interaction by clinical interventions. Acceptance rate of interventions was 77%. Clinical interventions are a useful tool in minimizing and preventing drug-drug interactions. The compliance of prescribers with their own prescribed medication regimens increased after clinical interventions. Conclusion. Prescribers, pharmacists and nurses have their respective roles in preventing drug-drug interactions and they must review the appropriateness of every medication order for clinical interventions.
Impact of face mask use during the non-stress test in pregnancy
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Maltepe University, Turkey, Gursoy Ali , Tekbas Ezgi Dogan ,   The Gynecological Clinic of Hospital-Holweide, Cologne, Germany
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. Face masks used to protect against the COVID 19 pandemic have become a daily routine. The aim of this study was to examine the possible effects of mask use on non-stress test (NST) results during pregnancy. Material and methods. A total of 951 pregnant women were included in the study. They were divided into two groups as those who wear masks and those who do not. These pregnant women were also divided into subgroups as preterm and term periods. Results. The mean age of the pregnant women was 31.2±4.9 and their gestational weeks were between 34+0 and 40+6. There was no significant difference between 34 and 37 gestational weeks pregnants in terms of FHR, reactivity, non-reactivity, deceleration, FHR category distribution and number of fetal movements (p>0.05). The variability was significantly higher in those who did not wear a mask (p<0.05). In pregnancies >37 gestational weeks there was no significant difference in terms of FHR, reactivity, non-reactivity, variability, deceleration and FHR category distribution (p>0.05). The number of fetal movements was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the mask-wearing group. Conclusion. Mask use should be considered in NSTs where variability is reduced or fetal movements are low. Thus, misinterpretation of the NST can be avoided.
A potential usage of probiotics in prevention and treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis
Authors:   Students’ Scientific Association at the Department and Clinic of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Gałązka Jakub Krzysztof , Homa Piotr ,   Students’ Scientific Association at the Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Domagalski Łukasz ,   Students’ Scientific Association at Department and Clinic of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. Neutropenic enterocolitis is a severe disease that affects patients with immunodeficiency and is often related with the chemotherapy of the hematologic malignancies. Its pathophysiology is not fully understood. Neutropenic colitis may lead to sepsis, gastrointestinal bleeding and even perforations requiring surgical management. The therapy consists of antibiotic therapy, transfusions, hematopoietic growth factor treatment, usage of fluids and electrolytes, bowel rest and even surgical operations. The aim of this review is to consider the potential usage of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis. Material and methods. References for that article were found through PubMed and Google Scholar, using terms: “neutropenic enterocolitis” and “probiotics”, or “gut microbiota” and “neutropenic enterocolitis”. The research was limited to abstracts and available full-text articles. Analysis of the literature. The most possible mechanism of neutropenic enterocolitis development appoints bacterial invasion with co-existing immunodeficiency. The probiotics appeal as beneficial agents in both prevention and treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis in according to their impact on gut immune barrier improvement. However older societies’ guidelines were cautious, the most modern ones appoint probiotics as a promising agent in neutropenic enterocolitis, what corresponds with results from current randomized clinical trials. Conclusion. As neutropenic enterocolitis is a severe disease we need to look for better or alternative therapies of that state. The probiotics seems to have beneficial effects in terms of prevention and treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis due to their impact on gut immune barrier. Benefits of such therapy are reflected in current societies’ guidelines which consider probiotics as a promising agent in neutropenic enterocolitis.
Endophytes – untapped resources and pharmacological prospects against coronaviruses
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwe University, Igbariam, Nigeria, Erhirhie Earnest Oghenesuvwe , Ezeagha Chigozie Celestina ,   Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwe University, Igbariam, Nigeria, Okafor Glory Chiamaka ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria, Ikegbune Chidozie ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwe University, Igbariam, Nigeria, Mukim Mohammad ,   Kota College of Pharmacy, Kota, Rajasthan, India
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. Viral infections stand to be among the most devastating diseases globally. Though significant efforts have been made in research and drug development against viral infections, the search for safe, affordable and effective vaccines against the current ravaging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still on. This is because already approved vaccines still need improvement. This review draws the attention of researchers on the potentials of bioactive substances from endophytes against the novel coronaviruses. Material and methods. This assessment was made using references of articles published in English peer reviewed journals indexed in PubMed and Google Scholars databases up to June, 2022. The following key words were used; ‘coronaviruses’, ‘Endophytes’, ‘Endophytes and viral infections, ‘Endophytes and COVID-19, ‘SARS-CoV’. Analysis of the literature. In-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo studies revealed that natural compounds from endophytes showed antiviral activities against various human coronavirus, including HCoV 229E and a norovirus surrogate, the feline coronavirus FCV F9, COVID-19, Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARSCoV-2 Mpro, among others. Conclusion. This finding calls for researchers to also focus on endophytes, as part of drugs development in the bid to finding possible solution in combating the devastating COVID-19, an emerging situation.
Taking medicine in the right way – most important but most neglected
Authors:   Alumni, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Mohiuddin Abdul Kader
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. To cure any disease, proper use of medicine or taking medicine in the correct order is required. Even patients from developed countries struggle to maintain their drug compliance. There is an odd parallel between underdeveloped, emerging nations and the so-called developed world in the West when it comes to improper medicine use. The understanding and perception of the disease is the most important factor influencing whether patients stick to their treatment plan. Material and methods. Prioritized databases for public health topics included PubMed, ALTAVISTA, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Registers. Along with other online sources, journals from Elsevier, Springer, Willey Online Library, and Wolters Kluwer were thoroughly searched. Analysis of the literature. There is a thorough discussion of medication non-adherence issues and a few adherence-improving methods. Conclusion. Adherence to treatment guidelines is essential in the treatment of any disease.
Relationship between social media addiction and bodyweight
Authors:   Department of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Tatar Selim , Özdemir Ayşe ,   Department of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Altuntaş Zeynep Sena ,   Department of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Mercimekçi Serdar ,   University of Health Sciences, Ankara Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Aypak Cenk ,   Department of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. Social media addiction is increasing rapidly due to the widespread use of smartphones and the availability of the internet. Also, social media addiction constitutes a risk factor for many physical and mental diseases. We aimed to determine the frequency of social media addiction among obese patients. Material and methods. Adult patients who were admitted to the Diet Clinic of a tertiary healthcare hospital in order to lose weight enrolled in the study. A questionnaire including; Social Media Addiction Scale, body mass index (BMI), and demographic information (age, sex) was applied to all participants. Participants were grouped as obese, overweight, and normal weight. Results. A total of 179 patients (mean age: 34.1±12.6 years) enrolled in the study. No difference in sex was found (45.2% women, 47.3% men). Approximately half of the study population was found to be social media addicts. Participants younger than 45 years of age were found to have higher rates of social media addiction (X 2 = 4.26; p<0.05). The frequency of social media addiction was found to increase with increasing BMI (41.7%, 43.6%, and 48%; respectively). Conclusion. Social media addiction is prevalent and it is also more frequent in younger adults. Learning more about social media addiction and its relationship with obesity can decrease its health consequences.
Application of kinesitherapy within the process of rehabilitation of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth nerval amyotrophia
Authors:   National University “Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic”, Poltava, Ukraine, Rybalko Lina , Kletsenko Liudmyla ,   National University “Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic”, Poltava, Ukraine, Vyshar Yevheniia ,   Poltava Institute of Economics And Law, Poltava, Ukraine, Heta Alla ,   National University “Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic”, Poltava, Ukraine, Żukow Xawery ,   Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland, Levkov Anatolij ,   National University “Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic”, Poltava, Ukraine, Zukow Walery ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland, Muszkieta Radosław ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland, Hagner-Derengowska Magdalena ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland, Smoleńska Olga ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland, Kindrat Vadim ,   State University of Humanities in Rivne, Rivne, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. Researching inherited polyneuropathy is vastly topical in the course of the contemporary practice of physical therapy and ergotherapy. The article unveils the results of the application of kinesitherapy in the process of rehabilitation of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth nerval amyotrophia. Inherited Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy is a genetical disease, which is manifested with the slow reduction of the size of muscles of limbs and weakening of distal locations, is the most widespread clinical form of inherited polyneuropathies, which affect people regardless of generational and gender-based; mostly young and workable people become the objects suffering from its impact. Description of the case. Due to the relatively low frequency of the multiplication of the disease within the population (according to the data from clinical statistics, the prevalence of all types of Charcot-Marie-Tooth amyotrophia per 100 thousand people is approximately 36 cases) four patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth nerval amyotrophia aged in the area from 14 to 20 years took part in the research. In the course of the research, we applied the method of electroneuromyography, which provided the opportunity of detecting the rate of impulse impact via afferent and efferent ways, the duration of M-response and the number of movable entities within lower limbs. Conclusion. As a result of classes being held and carried out according to the experimental kinesitherapy study program, there was the detection of positive tendencies of changing the psychophysical state of patients, diagnosed with “Charcot--Marie-Tooth nerval amyotrophia”.
Nurses’ COVID-19 fears and patient safety attitudes in the pandemic
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey, Efil Sevda , Turen Sevda ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Kültür University, Istanbul, Turkey, Demir Elif ,   Cardiology Department, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic And Cardiovascular Surgery Training Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. The fear experienced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic may threaten patient safety. This study was conducted with the aim of examining nurses’ COVID-19 fears and attitudes to patient safety in the pandemic. Material and methods. The research had a descriptive and cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 245 nurses working at a teaching and research hospital in Istanbul, Turkey’s most populous province. Research data were collected in June–July 2021. A Nurse Characteristics Form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and the Patient Safety Attitude Questionnaire were used to collect data. The data evaluation was performed using descriptive statistics, Student t test, one-way variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation analysis. Results. The nurses’ mean score for fear of COVID-19 was 16.67±6.88, and their mean score for patient safety attitude was 141.70±27.78. Their COVID-19 fear levels and mean patient safety attitude scores were found to differ according to their intention to leave the job, their education on COVID-19 and their age. Conclusion. Nurses’ experiencing of physical, social and psychological problems relating to the COVID-19 pandemic should be followed up in the long term.
Salivary tumour necrosis factor-alpha and receptor for advanced glycation end products as prognostic and predictive markers for recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma – a pilot study
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Madha Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, Brundha Marimuthu Parasuraman , Raveendran Swarnalatha Raghunathan ,   Department of Microbiology, Madha Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India, Rajeshkar Narayanaswamy ,   Dr. Rai CBCC Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) belongs to the cytokine family TNF/TNFR. As a multifunctional cytokine, TNF-α plays a significant role in diverse and a variety of cellular events such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and death. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α acts as a bridge between inflammation and carcinogenesis. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) are cellular receptors belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. As one of the primary mediators of innate immunity, acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, and certain cancers, RAGE signaling plays an important role. The aim of the present study is to analyze the prognostic significance of salivary TNF-α and RAGE in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Material and methods. A study was conducted testing saliva samples collected from ten patients with well-differentiated and moderately differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas. To determine the levels of TNF-α and RAGE in unstimulated saliva from patients, an ELISA kit from RAY BIOTECH was used for the study, and the readings were read at 450 nm. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Version 23 of SPSS was used to plot the standard curve. Statistical comparisons were done using Mann-Whitney U test and ROC analysis. Results. Salivary TNF-α and RAGE in patients were considered to be induced by radiotherapy at a higher level in moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma when compared to well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, there is an increase in the induced Salivary TNF-α and RAGE levels by radiotherapy with increase in the histological stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The statistical analysis also proved the same. Conclusion. Hence salivary TNF-α and RAGE may be used as a biomarker for oral cancer to predict the prognosis.
The relationship between the professional values and care behaviors of surgical nurses in Turkey
Authors:   Ahmet Erdoğan Health Vocational of School, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey, Çelik Bekleviç Arzum , Çelik Sevim ,   Nursing Department, Health Science Faculty, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. The professional values and the care behaviors of surgical nurse’s play an important role in providing quality patient care and increasing patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was evaluated the relationship between the professional values and care behaviors of surgical nurses. Material and methods. This descriptive and correlational study consisted of 245 surgical nurses working in Turkey. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Nurses Professional Values Scale, and the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24. Results. The NPVS total mean score of the surgical nurses was 118.26. The CBI-24 total mean score of the surgical nurses was 5.25. The nurses obtained high mean scores in both the Nurses Professional Values Scale and subscales, and the Caring Behavior Inventory-24 and subscales. A weak, positive and significant relationship was found between the professional values and care behaviors of the surgical nurses (p<0.001). Both the individual and professional characteristics of the surgical nurses affected their perceptions of professional values and care behaviors (p<0.05). Conclusion. The study showed that they had high perceptions of professional values and caring behaviors and adopted at most human dignity from professional values. Personal and organizational activities should be carried out to improve the professional values of surgical nurses and have them internalize care behaviors.
Addiction in university students – determining the levels of cigarette, alcohol, substance, game, and Internet addiction
Authors:   Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University Seydisehir Kamil Akkanat, Seydişehir/Konya, Turkey, Korkmaz Aslan Tuba , Batı Serap ,   Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University Seydisehir Kamil Akkanat, Seydişehir/Konya, Turkey
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. This study aims to determine the average addiction levels of university students and the effects of different demographic variables on addiction levels and types. Material and methods. The study included 783 volunteer students in the Seydişehir campus of Necmettin Erbakan University. Data were collected face-to-face using Sociodemographic Information Form, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Cut-off test (CAGE), Digital Game Addiction Scale (DGAS-7), and Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Results. Of the students, 27.7% were using tobacco, 14.8% were using alcohol, 2.6% were using ecstasy, 2.3% were using cannabis, 1.4% were using inhalants, 1% were using pills. FTND, DGAS-7, and IAT mean scores were 3.80±2.55, 12.04±5.57, and 43.56±15.73, respectively, and 21.5% had risky alcohol use. Also, 2.2% were game addicts, 3.8% were internet addicts. Digital game addiction, internet addiction, and nicotine addiction were positively correlated. There was no significant relationship between nicotine and internet addictions. Individuals with risky alcohol use had higher rates of nicotine addiction. Conclusion. Students’ addiction rates were similar to the country in general. Addictions gained in the youth years continue in the following years and bring many health problems. Therefore, it is crucial to include the subject of combating addiction more in university education and increase studies on the subject.
Anecdotal Accounts of Manatee Behavior: Conservation and Management, Behavioral Ecology, and Cognition
Authors: Reep Roger L. , Bauer Gordon B.
Published: March 2023

Herein, we report anecdotes of manatee (family Trichechidae) behavior based upon accounts made by experienced observers. We have categorized the anecdotes into the broad categories of Conservation and Management (interactions with boats, people, and capture nets; rehabilitation and release), Behavioral Ecology (navigation, mother–calf interactions, interactions with conspecifics, mating behavior and birthing, anti-predator behavior, foraging and eating), and Cognition (sensory perception; learning, memory, and knowledge; interactions with objects, other species, and people; and mimetic behavior). These are all subjects that pertain to the goals of the Florida Manatee Recovery Plan of 2001. We found that many accounts report similar behaviors, suggesting that these may be fruitful lines of further inquiry. One subcategory, Navigation, appears to offer many research areas amenable to systematic study. The apparent behavioral flexibility and knowledge shown in manatee actions in several domains suggest that investigations of manatee intelligence are likely to be revealing.
The Killer Whale in the Caribbean Sea: An Updated Review of Its Ecology, Exploitation, and Interactions with Fisheries
Authors: Bolaños-Jiménez Jaime , Kiszka Jeremy J. , Bouveret Laurent , Rodríguez Ferrer Grisel , Ramos Eric Angel , Henriquez Angiolina , Luksenburg Jolanda , Bernus Jeffrey , Briceño Yurasi , Sánchez Criollo Leonardo
Published: March 2023

The killer whale (Orcinus orca) is a cosmopolitan cetacean distributed worldwide. Extensive studies have described its ecology and behavior across multiple polar and temperate regions. On the other hand, there is limited information on the distribution, ecological roles, and abundance of killer whales in tropical and subtropical regions. Herein, we build on previous work to update information on the spatiotemporal distribution, exploitation, and natural history of killer whales in the Caribbean Sea. We also document new records on their interaction with other species and human activities. We collated 385 records from the literature, online biodiversity information systems, the Internet (social networks and video-hosting websites), and citizen science-based initiatives. Records included sightings (87.3%), intentional captures (10.6%), bycatch (0.3%), and strandings (1.8%). Data primarily originated from research projects/activities (57%) and citizen science-based initiatives (43%). Records were distributed in the eastern Caribbean (39.5%), the southern Caribbean (19.7%), the Greater Antilles (19.2%), the Bahamian Region (13.0%), Central America (6.8%), and eastern Florida (1.8%). Killer whales were recorded year-round, but most data were reported between March and August (59.6%). The scarcity of records in Central America could reflect true lower densities in the region, lower observation effort, or a combination of the two. Because of the paucity of data, this study supports the growing importance of citizen-science initiatives to document the occurrence and ecology of this species in the Caribbean. Our dataset also confirms the occasional and widespread occurrence of killer whales throughout the Caribbean Sea. Potential low densities and limited predictability of their occurrence hinder dedicated research on this species.
Union Civil Protection Mechanism as an International Policy Tool Supporting Ukraine
Authors:   Main School of Fire Service (Poland), Feltynowski Mariusz
Published: March 2023

As a long-term researcher and active participant in the rescue and humanitarian international aid coordination action, the author undertakes the analysis of changes that have occurred since the inception of the legal basis and international crisis coordination structures, focusing on the increasing role of the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism. The material contains not only the analysis of normative documents and a comprehensive description of the pillars of European civil protection but also practical examples of the European mechanism’s increasing involvement in actions outside the Union over two decades and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article contains examples of material and hardware-based humanitarian aid implemented for Ukraine and a comprehensive systemic approach to Polish civil protection represented by the State Fire Service in preparation for Ukrainian representatives to be familiar with the European Civil Protection mechanism. Numerous examples of activating the mechanism from the Polish perspective are shown both from the perspective of the aid recipient (fire in Biebrza National Park in 2020) and the donor (Lebanon blast in 2020, earthquake in Nepal 2015, forest fires in France 2022 or support to Ukraine).
Drugs and State Vigilantism as a Strategy of Political Activity: The Example of Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia
Authors:   University of Gdańsk (Poland), Bielawski Kornel
Published: March 2023

The problem of distribution and consumption of intoxicating substances is considered a socially harmful phenomenon and Southeast Asia is a region particularly affected by drugs. In the face of this challenge, the heads of many states undertake radical actions, going beyond the legal framework, referred to as state vigilantism. Based on the example of three selected political leaders (Thaksin Shinawatra, Rodrigo Duterte and Joko Widodo), the author points out how radical strategies for fighting the drug problem contribute to increasing popularity, even though the problem has not been resolved since the early 1970s. Cross-comparison analysis of the three mentioned cases aims at identifying sources of effectiveness and attractiveness of populist methods that have not changed significantly for fifty years. Among them the author argues that vigilantism grows out of populism and takes the form of a spectacle containing such elements as dehumanising discourse, extrajudicial killings and the theme of the nation’s morality at risk.
Pact of Free Cities – A New Form of European Cities’ Cooperation
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland), Szpak Agnieszka , Gawłowski Robert ,   WSB University in Toruń (Poland), Modrzyńska Joanna ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University (Poland), Modrzyński Paweł ,   Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology (Poland)
Published: March 2023

International cooperation of cities is a crucial part of multi-level governance, yet, nowadays, it is facing new challenges, such as the pandemic or the growing role of populist movements, not to mention the war in Ukraine. The research goal of the paper is to determine what drives cities to participate in the Pact of Free Cities and what the perspectives of such an enterprise are. To reach this goal, the authors attempt to answer questions regarding the Pact’s intentions, methods of achieving its objectives and chances to do so, possible EU interest in this kind of initiative, and chances that other cities will be inspired to follow. Do cities want to bypass governments, or are there other reasons for establishing such cooperation? This exploratory case study aims to show a new form of city cooperation introduced by the Pact of Free Cities initiative.
Telemedicine technologies in improving the effectiveness of follow-up monitoring of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Makarov S. A. , Smirnov K. V. , Danilchenko Ya. V.
Published: March 2023

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel approach to follow-up monitoring of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) using telemedicine technologies.

Material and methods. The study included 175 patients (mean age, 68,1±7,7 years). Two following groups of patients were formed: the main group (n=86), which used an optimized monitoring program using telemedicine techniques, and the control group (n=89), which assumed traditional monitoring by a cardiologist and a vascular surgeon. The mean follow-up period was 11,77±1,5 months. The optimized monitoring program included the implementation of audio communication with patients by an employee with a secondary medical education with an assessment of the current health status according to original unified questionnaire, with the definition of personalized management tactics. At the primary and final stages, the patient underwent an assessment of clinical and anamnestic data, mental and cognitive status, and compliance.

Results. At the final stage, uncompensated hypertension was revealed in 36,0% and 49,4% (p=0,0001), smoking — in 30,6% and 42,9% (p=0,05) in the main and control group, respectively. In the main group, a greater pain-free walking distance was revealed — 625,8±395,3 m (control group — 443±417 m (p=0,013)). The average systolic blood pressure was 125,2±10,2 mm Hg and 138,8±15,8 mm Hg (p=0,0001) in the main and control group, respectively. In the control group, a greater number of patients with a high level of personal and situational anxiety were revealed (p=0,05). In the main group, a higher level of adherence to therapy was established at the final study stage (p=0,001).

Conclusion. The optimized monitoring program for patients with limited mobility is effective and can be implemented in practical healthcare for patients with lower extremity PAD.
Activities of Daily Living Index in elderly patients with hypertension and frailty syndrome after non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Agarkov N. M. , Osipova O. A. , Shurygin S. N. , Kolpina L. V. , Kolomiets V. I.
Published: March 2023

Aim. To analyze Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in elderly patients with hypertension (HTN) and frailty 6 months after non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction non-STEMI).

Material and methods. ADL was studied in 114 elderly patients (60-74 years old) with non-STEMI, HN and frailty and 80 patients of the same age with non-STEMI and HTN, but without frailty. ADL was determined 6 months after suffering non-STEMI.

Results. ADL in patients with frailty was reduced to a greater extent (55,8 [52,4-57,9]) than in non-frail patients (72,9 [70,3-78,6]) (p<0,01). According to factor analysis, ADL reduction in frail patients compared with non-frail patients was mainly due to bed-chair transfer — 6,4 [6,2- 6,8] vs 9,8 [8,1-11,5] (p<0,001), walking test — 8,1 [8,0-8,5] vs 10,6 [9,4-12,7] (p<0,001), stair climbing — 5,3 [5,1-5,7] vs 7,4 [6,8-8,9] (p<0,001). ADL in patients with frailty and blood pressure (BP) <160/100 mm Hg was 62,1 [60,3-69,9], which is significantly higher than in frail patients with BP ≥160/100 mm Hg (48,0 [36,3-53,2]) (p<0,01).

Conclusion. In frail patients aged 60-74 years, compared with non- frail patients, 6 months after non-STEMI, ADL was significantly lower in such components as stair climbing, walking, and bed-chair transfer. In patients with frailty and BP <160/100 mm Hg, ADL is significantly higher than in patients with higher blood pressure.
Role of intergenic interactions between cytokine and Toll-like receptor genes in the etiology of congenital heart defects
Authors: Shabaldin A. V. , Shmulevich S. A. , Sinitskaya A. V. , Zamaraev R. Yu.
Published: March 2023

The incidence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) reaches 1% of all newborns. Of particular importance is the group of heart defects without a family history and chromosomal disorders, which makes up>80% of all CHDs. These heart defects can be designated as sporadic CHDs, and their etiology and pathogenesis continue to be studied.

Aim. To study the association of cytokine and Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes with CHDs in children.

Material and methods. We examined 188 children with sporadic (without family history) CHDs (main group) and 103 healthy children without CHDs (control group). Genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results. Sporadic CHDs, in general, and septal CHDs, in particular, are formed on similar intergenic associations that determine the dysregulation of the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells of the cardiovascular system. Probably, one of the molecular mechanisms for sporadic septal CHDs may be the inefficiency of intracellular signaling pathways for Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) due to the primary deficiency of membrane heterodimers TLR1/TLR6, TLR2/TLR6, and TLR1/TLR2.

Conclusion. Data on altered proinflammatory potential in the group of sporadic septal CHDs should be taken into account in the postnatal period when conducting cardiac surgery.
Disposal and reuse of residuals produced at Water Treatment Plants in the Paraíba do Sul River basin
Authors: Dutra Monick da Silva , Pereira Renata de Oliveira
Published: March 2023

Population growth increases demand for potable water, which increases the generation of residuals at the Water Treatment Plants (WTPs). During its treatment, water needs to undergo a series of processes that create residuals that must be well managed to avoid environmental impacts. This study analyses the residuals generated at the Paraiba do Sul River basin. We consulted more than 70 documents to identify the plants located in 57 municipalities along the basin. The plants were classified according to the type of water treatment used. We mapped four possible ways to reuse and dispose the residuals in an environmentally friendly way at nurseries, ceramic industries, Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs), and landfills. The results indicate that from the total of WTPs found in the basin, more than 90% produce some waste and that only 7% treat them accordingly. We located more than 200 places as alternative sites for the residuals. From the municipalities analysed, more than 80% could reuse or correctly dispose such residuals when considering at least one of the solutions provided.
Syntheses, Characterization, Crystal Structures and Antimicrobial Activity of Copper(II), Nickel(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes Derived from 5-Bromo-2- ((cychlopentylimino)methyl)phenol
Authors: Zhang Li , Qiu Xiao-Yang , Liu Shu-Juan
Published: March 2023

Four new complexes of copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II), [CuL2] (1), [Ni3L2(4-BrSal)2(CH3COO)2(CH3OH)2]·2CH3OH (2), [ZnBr2(HL)2] (3) and [ZnL(dca)]n (4), where L is 5-bromo-2-(cychlopentylimino)methyl)phenolate, HL is the zwitterionic form of 5-bromo-2-((cychlopentylimino)methyl)phenol, 4-BrSal is the monoanionic form of 4-bromosalicylaldehyde, dca is dicyanamide anion, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The structures of the complexes were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray structure determination. Complex 1 is a mononuclear copper(II) compound, with a crystallographic two-fold rotation axis symmetry. The Cu atom is in distorted square planar coordination. Complex 2 is a trinuclear nickel(II) compound, with an inversion center symmetry. The Ni atoms are in octahedral coordination. Complex 3 is a mononuclear zinc(II) compound, while complex 4 is a dca bridged polymeric zinc(II) compound. The Zn atoms are in tetrahedral coordination. The compounds were assayed for their antimicrobial activities.
Carbon-Paste Electrode Modified by β-Cyclodextrin as Sensor for Determination of Sunset Yellow FCF and Ponceau 4R in Soft Drinks
Authors: Pliuta Konstantin , Snigur Denys
Published: March 2023

One of the disadvantages of voltammetric analysis is the significant amount of sample required for electrolysis in the cell. In this paper a methodology close to adsorption stripping voltammetry was proposed to solve this problem at an analysis of two azo dyes – Sunset Yellow FCF and Ponceau 4R. As a working electrode, a carbon-paste electrode modified with β-cyclodextrin, a cyclic oligosaccharide that can form supramolecular complexes with azo dyes was proposed. The redox behavior of Sunset Yellow FCF and Ponceau 4R, the number of electrons, protons, and charge transfer coefficients onto the proposed sensor have been studied. Using square-wave voltammetry, the conditions for the determination of two dyes were optimized. Under the optimal conditions the calibration plots are linear in the ranges 71–565 μg/L and 189–3024 μg/L for Sunset Yellow FCF and Ponceau 4R, respectively. Finaly, the new sensor has been tested for squarewave voltammetric determination of Sunset Yellow FCF and Ponceau 4R in soft drinks, and RSD values (max. 7.8 and 8.1%) indicated satisfactory precision for both analyzed samples.
Potentiometric Study of the Dissociation and the Metal Complex-formation Competence of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1- triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (Dacarbazine)
Authors: Atabey Hasan , Al-Obaidi Faisal Naji , Sari Hayati
Published: March 2023

A potentiometric investigation has been carried out to disclose the coordination properties of Dacarbazine, 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (abbreviated DTIC) with particular transition metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Co2+). The coordination of DTIC with these metal ions results in several complexes emerging in solution. The aim of this work is to determine the protonation constants of the DTIC and to show the extent of its coordination with (Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Co2+), in other words, establish the stability of the complexes formed between the DTIC and these metal ions by the determination of their stability constants. Experimental environments were organized to attain the coordination and measurements in aqueous solutions at 25±0.1 ºC and an ionic background of 0.1 mol dm–3 NaCl. The HYPERQUAD computer program was used to determine both the protonation and stability constants for the ligand and metal-ligand complexes respectively. DTIC has five protonation constants that can be obtained under experimental conditions used; 10.54, 20.15, 26.99, 32.02 and 36.01. The results are interpreted in terms of the basicity of the donor atoms and structuralcomposition of the ligand. All the complexes produced in the solution are exhibited in speciation diagrams.
Comparison of Kinetics of Adsorption of Permanganate on Co-Al-Layered Double Hydroxide and MoS2 Nanocompounds
Authors: Ghobadi Shahin , Samiey Babak , Esmaili Enis , Cheng Chil-Hung
Published: March 2023

Permanganate (MnO–4 ) ions were adsorbed on carbonate intercalated Co-Al-layered double hydroxide (Co-Al-LDH) and MoS2 and after a while the adsorbed MnO–4 ions were reduced to MnO2. Reduction of adsorbed MnO–4 ion was catalyzed on the surface of carbonate intercalated Co-Al-LDH but MnO–4 ions reacted with MoS2 surface. Adsorption kinetic tests were carried out at different temperatures, ionic strengths, pH, initial adsorbate concentrations and shaking rates. The adsorption kinetics was studied by the kinetics of adsorption study in the regions with constant adsorption acceleration (KASRA) model and KASRA, ideal-second-order (ISO), intraparticle diffusion, Elovich and (non-ideal process of adsorption kinetics (NIPPON) equations. In this work, a new equation called NIPPON equation was introduced. In this equation, it was assumed that during a non-ideal process, adsorbate species molecules were adsorbed simultaneously on the same type adsorption sites with different activities. Indeed, the average values of adsorption kinetic parameters were calculated by the NIPPON equation. Also, the character of boundaries of regions obtained from the KASRA model can be determined by this equation.
Biotreatability Improvement of Antibiotic-Contaminated Waters: High Efficiency of Direct Ozonation in Comparison to Hydroxyl Radical Oxidation
Authors: Boševski Igor , Žgajnar Gotvajn Andreja
Published: March 2023

Efficiencies of direct ozonation and hydroxyl radical oxidation by Fenton process were compared, aiming to improve biotreatability of antibiotics contaminated water (tiamulin, amoxicillin and levofloxacin). Biodegradability, COD (chemical oxygen demand) and TOC (total organic carbon) were measured before and after applying oxidative process. It was confirmed that significantly smaller molar dose of ozone (1.1 mgO3 / mgatb) against the hydrogen peroxide (17 mgH2O2 / mgatb), deliver comparable improvements of biodegradability; Tiamulin biodegraded up to 60%, levofloxacin close to 100%. Ozonation removed more TOC (10%, 29% and 8% for tiamulin, levofloxacin and amoxicillin, respectively) than Fenton process. This is confirming mineralization of antibiotics, not only biodegradable intermediates formation. In terms of costs, ozonation is more feasible in oxidizing complex antibiotics in water, as it targets functional groups which carry antimicrobial properties. This brings not only improved biodegradability needed for a conventional biological treatment plant, but also reduces long-term impacts of the antibiotics in the environment.
Trinuclear Zinc(II) Complexes Derived from N,N’-Bis-(5-bromosalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: He Guo-Xu , Guo Xue-Yao , Xue Ling-Wei
Published: March 2023

Two new trinuclear zinc(II) complexes, [Zn3I2L2(H2O)2] (1) and [Zn3(CH3OH)(DMF)L2(NCS)2] (2), where L is the dianionic form of N,N’-bis(5-bromosalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (H2L), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and UV spectra. Structures of the complexes were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both complexes are trinuclear zinc compounds. Both compounds are solvated, with water ligand for 1 and methanol ligand for 2. The outer two Zn atoms are in square pyramidal coordination, while the inner one is in octahedral coordination. The effect of the complexes on the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were evaluated, and gave interesting results.
Ibuprofen as an Organic Pollutant in the Danube and Effects on Aquatic Organisms
Authors: Grujić-Letić Nevena , Gligorić Emilia , Teofilović Branislava , Vraneš Milan , Gadžurić Slobodan
Published: March 2023

The presence of emerging substances in surface water is of a great concern knowing they are the main source for community water supply needs. This study describes the development, optimization and application of an analytical method for the determination of ibuprofen in the Danube samples. Caffeine concentrations, as an indicator of human waste, were determined and maximum risk indexes for aquatic organisms were calculated. The Danube samples were collected from ten representative locations. A Solid-phase extraction was used for ibuprofen and caffeine separation and the analysis was performed by High-performance liquid chromatography method. Ibuprofen concentrations ranged (30.62–111.40) ng/L and caffeine (305.94–375.97) ng/L. Low risk on aquatic organisms was determined for ibuprofen and potential sublethal effect for caffeine was obtained. The results indicated that ibuprofen was effectively separated from other substances in the samples under defined chromatographic conditions for short period of time (4 minutes). Applied HPLC method showed good repeatability, accuracy, selectivity and robustness. Further studies including continuous monitoring of caffeine in the Danube are necessary in order to assess the real risks and possible prevention.
Methyl Maltolate and Ethyl Maltolate Coordinated Oxidovanadium(V) Complexes with N’-(2-Hydroxy- 5-methylbenzylidene)-4-trifluoromethylbenzohydrazide: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Catalytic Epoxidation Property
Authors: Xiong Zhongduo , Zhang Ping
Published: March 2023

A mononuclear methyl maltolate (Hmm) coordinated oxidovanadium(V) complex [VOL1(mm)] (1), and a mononuclear ethyl maltolate (Hem) coordinated oxidovanadium(V) complex [VOL2(em)] (2), where L1 and L2 are the dianionic form of N’-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene)-3-trifluoromethylbenzohydrazide (H2L1) and N’-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene)-4-trifluoromethylbenzohydrazide (H2L2), respectively, have been prepared. The hydrazones and the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra. Structures of H2L1 and the two complexes were further characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The two complexes have similar structures, with the V atoms in octahedral coordination. The hydrazones behave as ONO tridentate ligands with the V atoms. Both complexes have interesting properties on the catalytic epoxidation of cyclooctene.
ARKEOLOJİK ESER BELGELEMELERİNDE TERSİNE MÜHENDİSLİK UYGULAMASI ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA: BEÇİN KALESİ KAZISI KÜÇÜK ESERLERİ
Authors: Arda Göknil
Published: March 2023

Arkeolojik kazı ve yüzey araştırmalarında birçok buluntu gün yüzüne çıkarılmaktadır. Çeşitli malzemelerden üretilmiş bu obje ve eserlerin bilimsel çalışmalarda kullanılmak üzere iyi bir şekilde arşivlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda Beçin Kalesi kazısına ait bir grup eser 3D tarayıcı kullanmak suretiyle belgelenmiştir. Sonrasında uygulanan tersine mühendislik yöntemiyle yazdırma ve tümleme çalışmaları, arkeolojik eserlerin klasik yöntemlerle belgelenmesi sırasındaki gerek mekanik gerekse kimyasal hasarların en aza indirilebildiğini hatta önlenebildiğini göstermiştir.
Deep vein thrombosis as a rare complication of scrub typhus
Authors: Arun Kumar Alagesan  , R. Kannan , V. Vikrannth , J. Raghav
Published: March 2023

Scrub typhus is a common re-emerging, acute febrile infectious disease, caused by orientia tsutsugamushi, transmitted by bite of chiggers of trombiculid mite. The clinical presentation of infection can vary from mild symptoms to severe multi organ failure, shock, encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis, DIC and various thromboembolic complications. We describe a rare hematological complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) caused by scrub typhus in a 61-year-old female. Vasculitis and perivasculitis with endothelial dysfunction could be considered as the main pathologic mechanism causing this complication.
Gangrene as a rare manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Arun Kumar Alagesan  , R. Kannan , V. Vikrannth , J. Raghav
Published: March 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multifaceted autoimmune inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the body. Peripheral gangrene is a rare manifestation of SLE. We describe a case of 26-year-old female who presented with complaints of bilateral lower limb rash, blackish discoloration of skin over right little finger and right third toe for past 2 months. On evaluation her anti RNP, anti SM and anti dsDNA antibodies were strongly positive. She was treated with IV unfractionated heparin, IV corticosteroids, IV antibiotics and other supportive measures.