bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИСПЫТАНИЯ (ЭСИ) СОРТОВ ЧЕЧЕВИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОБЫКНОВЕННЫХ ЧЕРНОЗЕМОВ СЕВЕРНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА
Authors: Федоренко Е. Н. , Соловьёв О. Ю. , Заика В. В.
Published: January 2024

Актуальность исследований заключается в том, что при ежегодно растущих площадях посева чечевицы в Северо-Казахстанской области, выбор официально представленных сортов довольно ограничен, при этом большая часть посевов засевается зарубежными сортами. Научные исследования предполагали сравнительное экологическое испытание сортов чечевицы различного происхождения (селекционные центры Казахстана, России, Канады). Методика исследований предполагала полевую закладку опытов в стационаре, а также лабораторную оценку структурных показателей растений чечевицы. По результатам исследования, по комплексу показателей выделены сорта мелкосемянной чечевицы Аида и Viceroy. Полученные результаты обоснованы повышением урожайности исследуемых сортов, фенологическими наблюдениями, а также показателями структуры урожая. Определение корреляционной взаимосвязи между урожайностью и показателями структуры, показало, что на формирование урожайности чечевицы в большей степени влияют показатели: число бобов на одном растении, число зерен на растении, масса 1000 зерен и количество зерен в бобе. По анализу зависимости показателей структуры урожайности от вегетационного периода отмечена высокая теснота связей, только с высотой прикрепления нижних бобов и высотой растения, умеренная теснота связей с массой 1000 зерен. Практическая ценность проведенных исследований заключается в получении достоверных данных по экологической приспособленности отдельных сортов чечевицы на черноземах Северного Казахстана, с потенциальным их использованием фермерскими хозяйствами для повышения уровня производства.
TREMATODA AND CESTODA SPECIES IN CYPRINID FISH FROM SMALL LAKES OF THE KOSTANAY REGION
Authors: Aubakirov M. Zh. , Erenko E. N. , Laseeva E. A. , Shaimagambetova A. A.
Published: January 2024

This study presents data on the epizootiological monitoring of parasitic diseases in fish from Kostanay region. It confirms the presence of previously identified permanent natural foci of opisthorchiasis in the southern districts, specifically in the Uly-Zhilanchik and Torgay rivers. Additionally, the research conducted in Zhangeldy and Amangeldy districts revealed the existence of biohelminths with both epizootiological and epidemiological significance. This study aimed to investigate the presence of parasites dangerous to humans and carnivores in cyprinid fish species. Specifically, it focused on identifying the second intermediate hosts for opisthorchiasis, metorchiasis, and ligulosis: ide (Leuciscus idus) and bream (Abramis brama). From 2021 to 2023 seven reservoirs of the Kostanay region were the monitoring objects of the parasitological situation: Verkhnetobolskoe reservoir, rivers: Torgay, Uly-Zhilanchik, Zhaldama, Tobol, Zhelkuar, Akkol Lake, where shellfish bitiniids, waterfowl and crustaceans live in large numbers, as the first intermediate host of pathogens Opisthorchis felineus (Metorchis bilis), Ligula imestinalis. Examination of eight ide (Leuciscus idus) specimens caught in the Uly Zhilanchik River revealed the presence of metacercariae of two parasitic trematodes: O.felineus and M.bilis, while the prevalence was 18.5% and 8.3%, and the infestation intensity was 1-3 and 2, respectively. In the Amangeldy region, metacercariae O. Felineus and plerocercoids Ligula imestinalis were found in two fish species: one individual of the ide species and two individuals of the bream species caught from the Torgai River. At the same time, the prevalence was 6.6% and 16.6%, and the infestation intensity was 2 and 1, respectively. Parasitic diseases of fish were not detected in the waters of Denisovsky and Zhitikarinsky districts. Based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analyses conducted using specific primers at the National Center of Biotechnology LLP laboratory in Astana, Kazakhstan, two distinct types of opisthorchid parasites were identified in two ide (Leuciscus idus) specimens collected from Kostanay region. The species were confirmed to be Opisthorchis felineus and Methorchis bilis (PCR protocol dated April 24, 2023).
A REVIEW ON BENZANTHRONE LUMINOPHORES FOR RAPID AND HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGING OF PARASITES BY CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY
Authors: Kirjusina Muza , Rubenina Ilze , Mezaraupe Ligita , Kecko Sanita , Kirilova Jelena , Pavlova Veronika , Gavarane Inese
Published: January 2024

Nowadays, is growing interest in investigation of parasites and their anatomic structure. Most common tools are linked with usage of luminophores and luminescent microscopy techniques. In recent years, a variety of fluorescent probes have been developed and widely used to realize the visualization of certain structures [1]. The benzanthrone compounds captivated a lot of interest as fluorescent probes for biomedical technologies because of remarkable spectral properties and negligible fluorescence in the aqueous phase [2]. Notably, the spectral characteristics of benzanthrone dyes meet the criteria for an ideal bio-imaging agent, featuring a high extinction coefficient, bright fluorescence, photo-, thermo- and chemical stability, and reduced background signal [3]. Fluorescent molecular dyes, currently used to study cell membranes, make lipid structures visible through optical techniques [4] and act as potential fluorescent probes for biomolecules [5]. There are studies in the literature where the benzanthron phosphors have confirmed their application for visualization of biological objects [6-8]. Despite high activity in this field, still it`s huge request for specific fluorescent probes for biological objects. The confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) is a powerful tool for providing high-resolution optical sections. CLSM can be used to analyse images of morphological structures and to place organ or organ systems of interest in their anatomical context. Luminescence imaging techniques are increasingly utilized for exploring the structure and properties of biological objects. Laser-induced fluorescence stands out as a sensitive method, capable of detecting even a single-molecule under specific conditions [9], which makes it a powerful bioanalytical tool for life sciences [10 12]. Benzanthrone derivates are used for CLSM imaging as fluorescence probe for various biological objects because benzanthrones render the specimen fluorescent to examine the stained samples by optical sectioning [13,14]. This review provides inputs in utilisation of different benzanthrone luminophores for examination of the parasites.
A Era Digital e o Aprendizado Lúdico: Possibilidades e Práticas Pedagógicas
Authors: Oliveira Filho Fernando Luiz Cas de , Santos Ademar Alves dos , Maçalai Gabriel , Oliveira Eliédna Aparecida Rocha de , Silva José Antonio da , Silva Jeronima Rodrigues da , Silva Élida Maria de Sousa , Pauluk Solange Daufembach Esser , Alves Andréia Cristiane Cuesta
Published: January 2024

No quarto capítulo, exploramos as possibilidades oferecidas pela era digital em relação ao aprendizado lúdico. Discutimos não apenas os benefícios dos jogos, mas também as tecnologias emergentes que estão moldando a educação do futuro.
Use of Artificial Intelligence for Waste Management
Authors: Kaur Gurmehar , Dhingra Arvind
Published: January 2024

The problem of waste has assumed a gigantic proportion especially for growing metropolitan cities across the world. With no proper arrangement for waste management, landfills have become mountains which pose serious threats to human health. This paper examines the work that has been done till date for effective waste management and tries to suggest the use artificial intelligence techniques for waste management.
Scaling Access to Quality Tertiary Education Amidst Population Growth in Developing Countries
Authors: Kwame Dr. Edmond , Tawiah Amable
Published: January 2024

This paper sought to examine the scaling access to tertiary education amidst population growth in developing countries. The study employed the mixed method approach with sequential explanatory strategy design. Quantitatively, 100 respondents were sampled with saturation point used to determine participants for the qualitative phase of the study. Data were collected using interview guide and questionnaire. Data were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and qualitatively using thematic analysis. The study found that scaling access to tertiary education in developing countries were largely due to the availability of scholarship schemes, expansion in tertiary institutions, availability of online and distance education option. They study also found that tertiary education gives a lot of gains developing countries some of which include economic growth and development, social cohesion and cultural diversity, improved overall quality of life and encourages citizens’ participation in decision making and governance of their countries. The study therefore recommended the need to expand tertiary institutions, institute more scholarship schemes, tertiary institute charging moderate and affordable tuitions fees so as to open access to more individuals.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENERGY EFFICIENCY: OPTIMIZING NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Chinedu Alex Ezeigweneme  , Aniekan Akpan Umoh  , Valentine Ikenna Ilojianya  , Abimbola Oluwatoyin Adegbite
Published: January 2024

The global telecommunications industry is facing significant challenges due to the rapid growth in data traffic and the growing environmental concerns associated with these networks. This paper explores strategies for optimizing network design and operation towards a greener, more sustainable future. Key challenges include the environmental impact of energy consumption, which accounts for 2-3% of global electricity consumption. The paper focuses on optimizing network design and operation, exploring energy-saving techniques and innovations, and revealing advanced network management optimizations. It also explores the transformative role of renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and geothermal power in mitigating the carbon footprint of telecommunications networks. The paper evaluates on-site renewable energy generation and power purchase agreements (PPAs) as integral components of a sustainable energy strategy. The paper highlights the potential of a holistic approach to telecommunications energy efficiency, including deploying energy-efficient hardware, using green data centers equipped with advanced power management techniques, implementing intelligent power management systems, and optimizing network traffic flow. Network management optimization involves regular evaluation and optimization of infrastructure, eliminating redundancy and underutilized equipment, and employing software-defined networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV). Renewable energy integration is also discussed, with on-site renewable energy generation and power purchase agreements emerging as powerful tools in reducing dependence on traditional grids and fossil fuels. The integration of AI, machine learning, and blockchain technology is also explored. By implementing these strategies, the telecommunications industry can contribute significantly to global environmental goals while securing enduring economic benefits. The implications of a sustainable telecommunications infrastructure extend beyond immediate energy savings, encompassing enhanced brand image, cost-effectiveness, and compliance with evolving regulations.

Keywords: Telecommunications, Energy Efficiency, Network Design, Green Networks, Network Management, Emerging Technologies.
CYBERSECURITY IN BANKING: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE WITH A FOCUS ON NIGERIAN PRACTICES
Authors: Azeez Olanipekun Hassan  , Sarah Kuzankah Ewuga  , Adekunle Abiola Abdul  , Temitayo Oluwaseun Abrahams  , Monisola Oladeinde  , Samuel Onimisi Dawodu
Published: January 2024

The paper review cybersecurity practices in banking, with a specific focus on Nigerian banks. Cybersecurity has become a paramount concern in the banking industry worldwide, given the escalating frequency and sophistication of cyber threats. This study provides an overview of the global landscape of cybersecurity in banking, with a specific focus on practices observed in Nigeria.  The global banking sector is witnessing a surge in digital transformation, marked by the adoption of advanced technologies and online financial services. However, this digitization brings with it unprecedented cybersecurity challenges, ranging from data breaches and ransomware attacks to sophisticated financial fraud. Financial institutions globally are compelled to fortify their cybersecurity frameworks to protect sensitive customer information, ensure the integrity of financial transactions, and maintain trust in the digital financial ecosystem. Nigeria, as a key player in the African banking landscape, faces unique cybersecurity challenges and has developed distinct strategies to safeguard its financial institutions. This study explores the cybersecurity practices employed by Nigerian banks, considering regulatory frameworks, incident response mechanisms, and collaborative efforts with international cybersecurity entities. The analysis encompasses case studies illustrating real-world cyber threats and incidents in both global and Nigerian banking contexts. It investigates the effectiveness of cybersecurity measures implemented by Nigerian banks, shedding light on the nation's response to evolving cyber risks. Furthermore, the study delves into collaborative initiatives between Nigerian banks, regulatory bodies, and international cybersecurity organizations to enhance information sharing, threat intelligence, and collective defense mechanisms. It also explores the role of public awareness campaigns in fostering a cyber-resilient banking environment. The insights provided aim to contribute to the collective understanding of cybersecurity challenges in the global banking sector while offering a nuanced perspective on Nigerian practices. As digital financial ecosystems continue to evolve, the findings underscore the importance of ongoing adaptation, collaboration, and innovation in safeguarding the integrity and trustworthiness of banking systems, both on a global scale and within the Nigerian context.

Keywords: Cybersecurity, Banking, Global Perspective, Nigerian, Cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence.
REVIEW OF TELECOMMUNICATION REGULATION AND POLICY: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS USA AND	AFRICA
Authors: Chinedu Alex Ezeigweneme  , Aniekan Akpan Umoh  , Valentine Ikenna Ilojianya  , Abimbola Oluwatoyin Adegbite
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of telecommunication regulation and policy frameworks in the United States (USA) and various African countries. Telecommunications play a pivotal role in socio-economic development, and the regulatory environment significantly influences the sector's performance. The study explores the historical evolution, regulatory bodies, and frameworks in both regions, aiming to identify commonalities, disparities, and the impact of regulatory approaches on market dynamics. The review begins by delineating the theoretical foundations of telecommunications regulation, emphasizing concepts such as market liberalization, competition, and regulatory governance. A historical overview traces the development of regulatory frameworks in the USA and Africa, shedding light on the contextual factors that shaped each region's approach. In examining telecommunications regulation in the USA, the paper delves into the roles and responsibilities of key regulatory bodies, notably the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The regulatory framework is scrutinized, with a focus on market liberalization, spectrum management, and licensing policies. Achievements and challenges within the US regulatory landscape are critically evaluated. Turning to Africa, the study explores the diverse regulatory approaches adopted by selected countries and the influence of regional organizations on policy formulation. Common challenges faced by African regulators, as well as unique contextual factors shaping the regulatory landscape, are discussed. The heart of the analysis lies in the comparative assessment of regulatory objectives and policy instruments between the USA and Africa. The study evaluates the alignment of these objectives with the socio-economic context of each region and assesses the effectiveness of policy instruments in achieving regulatory goals. Examining the impact on the telecommunications sector, the paper contrasts market structures, competition levels, and the role of regulation in fostering technological development. The analysis extends to the implications of regulatory frameworks on the deployment of emerging technologies, such as 5G. The paper summarizes key findings, highlighting patterns, trends, and lessons learned from the comparative analysis. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed, emphasizing the potential for international collaboration and the identification of areas where improvements in regulatory frameworks can contribute to the sustainable development of the telecommunications sector in both the USA and Africa.

Keywords: Telecommunications Regulation, Telecommunications Policy, Comparative Analysis, USA, Africa, Digital Inclusion.
CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS AND EDUCATION PROGRAMS: A REVIEW OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY
Authors: Temitayo Oluwaseun Abrahams  , Oluwatoyin Ajoke Farayola  , Simon Kaggwa  , Prisca Ugomma Uwaoma  , Azeez Olanipekun Hassan  , Samuel Onimisi Dawodu
Published: January 2024

As organizations continue to grapple with the escalating threat landscape of cyber-attacks, the imperative to fortify their cybersecurity defenses becomes increasingly paramount. This review delves into the critical realm of cybersecurity awareness and education programs, focusing on the pivotal factors of employee engagement and accountability. The effectiveness of these programs in cultivating a cyber-resilient workforce is scrutinized through an extensive examination of existing literature, empirical studies, and industry practices. The review begins by exploring the foundational elements of cybersecurity awareness programs, elucidating the significance of imparting knowledge and instilling a culture of vigilance among employees. It examines the diverse methodologies employed in these programs, ranging from interactive workshops and simulated phishing exercises to online modules and gamified learning platforms. A comparative analysis of these approaches sheds light on their respective strengths and limitations. A central theme of this review revolves around the nexus between employee engagement and cybersecurity resilience. It delves into the psychological and behavioral aspects of engagement, assessing how motivational factors and tailored learning experiences contribute to heightened cybersecurity awareness. The impact of organizational culture and leadership support on fostering a sense of responsibility among employees is also explored, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach that transcends mere compliance. Furthermore, the review investigates the role of accountability in sustaining the efficacy of cybersecurity initiatives. It examines the mechanisms employed by organizations to enforce adherence to security policies and protocols, emphasizing the role of robust monitoring systems, clear communication channels, and consequence management. Case studies and real-world examples are integrated to illustrate instances of successful accountability frameworks and their influence on overall cybersecurity posture. This review synthesizes key findings and identifies emerging trends in cybersecurity awareness and education programs, with a particular focus on optimizing employee engagement and fostering a culture of accountability. The insights gleaned from this analysis provide a roadmap for organizations seeking to fortify their defenses against evolving cyber threats by cultivating a vigilant and proactive workforce.

Keywords: Cybersecurity, Education, Cyber threat, Employee engagement, Accountability.
Pembentukan Kerohanian Reformed
Authors: Santoso Audy
Published: January 2024

Pembentukan Spiritual adalah subjek praktis di dalam kehidupan seorang Kristen yang sering kali tidak dipikirkan secara reflektif, jika bukan sepenuhnya diabaikan, bahkan bagi mereka yang di dalam tradisi Reformed. Artikel ini berargumen akan keunikan pembentukan rohani Kristen dari agama-agama Abrahamik lainnya berdasarkan argumen-argumen biblika dan fenomena sosial-agama. Reformasi berkontribusi terhadap pembentukan spiritual kristen berdasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip umumnya dan pemahaman antropologis Calvin. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembentukan rohani Kristen tidak lain dari menghidupi kehidupan Tritunggal, yaitu dibentuk menyerupai Kristus dan dipenuhi Roh Kudus di dalam kehidupan kita sebagai anak-anak Allah.
Terminal deletion of 18q: A case report
Authors: Ibenbrahim Yousra , Bouzroud Wafaa , Tazzite Amal , Gazzaz Bouchaïb , Dehbi Hind
Published: January 2024

Introduction :The 18q syndrome is a chromosomal deletion that affects approximately 1:55,000 births. Its clinical manifestations include presentation and development abnormalities such as those related to intelligence, face, and movement. Method/Observation : We report the case of a girl with intellectual disability, psychomotor delay, dysmorphic features, and growth retardation. Chromosome analysis revealed a terminal deletion of chromosome 18. Our patient's phenotype reflects the heterogeneity of the clinical presentation of the 18q- syndrome.  Conclusion: Despite all the studies aiming to investigate the relationship between phenotype and genotype of the 18q deletion, the role in the pathogenesis of a large part of the genes remains unknown.
Keywords: 18q deletion syndrome, global developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, karyotype, Genotype-phenotype correlation.
Impacts of irregular migration on the mental health of sub-Saharan migrants
Authors: Soulaimi Siham , Anbi Abderrahim
Published: January 2024

Background: Europe has become a difficult destination due to strict migration policies and border controls, making Morocco an immigration country. Morocco is currently at the center of the international migration debate because it not only hosts regular migrants but also must deal with the problem of irregular migrants entering its territory. Sub-Saharan irregular migration is full of challenges that might cause a delay for the migrants, announcing a death sentence for many others. The journey's hurdles are likely to cause a crisis in expectations, resulting in serious consequences on the migrants' mental health. Methods: We employed observation and participant observation and conducted in-depth interviews and a survey. Results: Our research study emphasizes that sub-Saharan migrants begin irregular journeys with high hopes, only to be disappointed by how unexpectedly cruel it turns out to be. We also pointed to specific physical and, more crucially, mental health problems that they end up with after survival, resulting in somatic disorders.  Conclusion: Somatoform Disorder is the most common mental illness that sub-Saharan irregular migrants suffer from. The stressful memories of the past seem to influence their state of mind, making them feel physical pain in the absence of a physical explanation.
Keywords: Irregular migration, sub-Saharan migrants, challenges, experiences crisis, mental health, somatoform disorder.
Quantifying the effects of the microphysical properties of black carbon on the determination of brown carbon using measurements at multiple wavelengths
Authors: Luo Jie , Li Dan , Wang Yuanyuan , Sun Dandan , Hou Weizhen , Ren Jinghe , Wu Hailing , Zhou Peng , Qiu Jibing
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Methods based on the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) are widely used to estimate the absorption by brown carbon (BrC), and the estimated absorption by BrC can be significantly different from 0, even for pure black carbon (BC). However, few studies have systematically quantified the effects of BC microphysical properties. Moreover, the conditions under which AAE-based methods are applicable are still unclear. In this work, we used BC models partially coated with non-absorbing materials to calculate the total absorption. Since the total absorption is entirely due to BC, the estimated BrC absorption should be 0 if the retrieval methods are accurate. Thus, the ratio of the estimated BrC absorption to BC absorption (ABSBrC) should be the proportion of the BC absorption that is incorrectly attributed to BrC. The results show that a BC AAE of 1 can generally provide reasonable estimates for freshly emitted BC, since ABSBrC is generally in the range of −4.8 % to 2.7 % during that period. However, when BC aerosols are aged, ABSBrC can sometimes reach about 38.7 %. The wavelength dependence of the AAE (WDA) method does not necessarily improve the estimates; sometimes a negative ABSBrC of about −40.8 % is found for partially coated BC. By combining simulations of a global chemical transport model, this work also quantified the effects of BC microphysical properties on BrC global aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) estimates. The AAE = 1 method sometimes leads to a misassigned global mean AAOD of about −0.43–0.46×10-3 if the BC aerosols have a complex morphology. The WDA method does not necessarily improve the estimates. In our cases, the WDA methods based on spherical models could lead to a global-mean misassigned AAOD range of about −0.87–0.04×10-3. At the regional scale, the AAE = 1 method sometimes leads to a distributed AAOD of about −7.3 to 5.7×10-3 in some specific regions. Mie-theory-based WDA methods lead to an estimated AAOD error of about -22×10-3 in some regions (e.g., East Asia). This work also showed that the misattributed BrC absorption would lead to substantial uncertainties in the estimation of the global direct radiative forcing (DRF) of absorbing aerosols from different sources.
Rekordwarmer Nordatlantik. Grund zur Panik?
Authors: Haustein Karsten , Krumbiegel Florian
Published: January 2024

Der Nordatlantik hat im Frühjahr und Sommer 2023 neue SST Rekorde aufgestellt. Dabei wurden die bisherigen Rekordwerte teils um bis zu 1°C übertroffen, was für ozeanische Temperaturabweichungen jenseits der erwartbaren Schwankungsbreite, auch unter substanziellen transienten klimawandelbedingten Erwärmungsraten ist. Entsprechend stellt sich die Frage nach der Ursache bzw. der Attribution. Dies umso mehr, als erste Attributions- versuche als eher missglückt bezeichnet werden können (Huang et al. 2023, ESSOAR).
Hier wird gezeigt, welche Faktoren eine Rolle bei der starken Erwärmung gespielt haben. Neben dem menschengemachten Erwärmungstrend und der Frage, ob wir es mit einer radiativ getriebenen Beschleunigung zu tun haben, werden die Folgen des Ausbruchs des Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai Vulkans im Januar 2022 diskutiert. Außerdem werden die Auswirkungen der reduzierten Aerosolemissionen durch geänderten Regularien für den globalen Handelsschifffahrt evaluiert. Vor allem aber wird er Einfluss von ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) und den assoziierten Telekonnektionen quantifiziert. Insbesondere wird das Zusammenspiel von PDV, AMV, PNA und ENSO analysiert und im Kontext vergangener El Niño Ereignisse diskutiert.
Die Attribution betreffend wird mittels Analog-Methode und einfacher EOF Analyse eine statistische Einordnung präsentiert. Eindeutig quantifizierbare Feedback-Prozesse wie die Verringerung von Saharastaub (Reduktion der strahlungsbedingten Abkühlung), sowie eine Einordnung in den paläo-klimatologischen Kontext vorgenommen. Abschließend werden die beobachteten Anomalien mit den dekadischen Vorhersagen verglichen und deren Skill diskutiert, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die kommenden Jahre.
Visualizing data on permafrost degradation in a pan-arctic pilot service aiming at a non-scientific audience
Authors: Lübker Tillmann , Nitze Ingmar , Laboor Sebastian , Irrgang Anna , Lantuit Hugues , Grosse Guido
Published: January 2024

Climate change has led to an increase in permafrost warming and thaw at global scale. Land surface change associated with permafrost thaw include the acceleration of Arctic coastal erosion, increased thaw slumping in hillslope regions, the drainage and formation of lakes, as well as an intensification of disturbances on land, such as forest fires and droughts. Thermo-erosion threatens infrastructure and leads to gullying, slumping, and even landslides. Arctic communities living on frozen ground are strongly affected by these processes and are increasingly forced to adapt their livelihoods. In some areas, the relocation of settlements has become the last resort and is already actively planned for several communities in Alaska.
Remote sensing analyses can be applied to detect and map permafrost disturbances at high spatial resolution across large regions to quantify landscape change, hydrological dynamics, and permafrost vulnerability. In the ERC PETA-CARB, ESA CCI Permafrost, and NSF Permafrost Discovery Gateway projects, a pan-arctic time series covering twenty years was produced using Landsat TM, ETM+, and OLI imagery. Following good scientific practice, this data is published via a digital data library and also available through a cloud-based analysis platform to facilitate re-use by other scientists.
However, the data is not readily designed and presented to be interpreted by non-scientists and non-experts. In order to make the scientific findings more easily accessible, within the EU Arctic PASSION project we designed a tailored web-based portal specifically targeting non-scientific user communities, stakeholders, and rightsholders as part of the projects Permafrost Pilot Service. With the new portal, the Arctic Landscape EXplorer (ALEX), we provide interactive maps for recent information on land surface changes, hot spots of disturbances, and potential areas of active permafrost thaw and erosion. While focusing on the local to regional scale relevant for private users, as well as local, regional, and state-level decision makers, exploring the data up to the pan-arctic scale may open new avenues for understanding permafrost change for the general public.
Recent consultations with local representatives and stakeholders from Alaska aimed to ensure that their actual information needs are met. Having received positive feedback and strong interest in the tool encouraged us to continue our work.
Süringwarte: Welchen Anteil haben dynamische Veränderungen am lokalen Temperaturanstieg und der Niederschlagsvariabilität in Potsdam
Authors: Hoffmann Peter , Wechsung Frank
Published: January 2024

In Anlehnung an die lange Tradition von mehr als 100 Jahren Klimabeobachtung im Umfeld des Süringhaus auf dem Telegrafenberg in Potsdam, können heute, unter Nutzung dieser Daten nicht nur lokale Trends, sondern auch die Einbettung dieser in großräumige Veränderungen  hergestellt werden.
Auswertungen zu langfristigen Veränderungen lokaler Messreihen meteorologischer Größen gehören heute zum Standard der regionalen Klimaüberwachung.  Bei der aktuellen Beschreibung von Witterungsentwicklungen stehen allerdings die großräumigen Transportwege von Luftmassen häufig im Vordergrund. Mit zunehmender zeitlichen Aggregation treten sie jedoch in den Hintergrund. Sie sind aber doch relevante Merkmale des großräumigen Kontexts, die zum besseren Verständnis kausaler Zusammenhänge der beobachteten Veränderungen beitragen können. 
Die Süringwarte nutzt deshalb ergänzend zu den lokalen Datenreihen Abfolgen klassifizierter Großwetterlagen über Europa. Jedem einzelnen Messwert pro Tag wird ein wiederkehrendes Attribut der jeweiligen Großräumigkeit zugeordnet. Durch die Kombination beider Betrachtungen lassen sich so mittlere monatliche Ausprägungen jedes Großwetterlagentyps vor Ort ermitteln. Wenn man die Abfolgen von Merkmalen des Großwetters durch die entsprechenden lokalen Mittelwerte von Temperatur und Niederschlag ersetzt, lässt sich der dynamische Anteil am Klimawandel identifizieren und quantifizieren.
Der Vergleich zwischen beobachteter und der synthetisierten dynamischen Zeitreihe der Temperatur zeigt deutlich, dass knapp 15% der Erwärmung durch veränderte Wetterlagen erklärt werden können.
Alle Wetterlagen sind zwar deutlich wärmer geworden, aber gleichzeitig hat sich auch der Anteil besonders warmer Wetterlagen erhöht. Neue dominante Wetterlagen erklären gegenwärtig einen höheren Anteil an der Wettervariabilität und neigen vermehrt zu Extremen. Das wirkt sich in erster Linie auf die lokale Niederschlagsvariabilität aus. Änderungen bei der innerjährlichen Niederschlagsverteilung, sowie dem Jahresniederschlag können im Wesentlichen durch Veränderungen der Wetterlagen erklärt werden.
Vor diesem Hintergrund wird abschließend das zurückliegende Klimajahr 2023 mit seinen Besonderheiten näher betrachtet.
Hoffmann, P., Spekat, A. Identification of possible dynamical drivers for long-term changes in temperature and rainfall patterns over Europe. Theor Appl Climatol 143, 177–191 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03373-3
Human-induced climate change has decreased wheat production in northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Romanovska Paula , Undorf Sabine , Schauberger Bernhard , Gornott Christoph , Duisenbekova Aigerim
Published: January 2024

Northern Kazakhstan is a major exporter of wheat, contributing to food security in Central Asia and beyond, but wheat yields fluctuate and low-producing years occur frequently. The most severe low-producing year in this century was in 2010, leading to severe consequences for the food security of wheat importing countries. To date, the extent to which human-induced climate change contributes to this is unclear.
In this session, we present the first attribution study for wheat production in northern Kazakhstan, which is at the same time one of the very first climate impact attribution studies for the agricultural sector in general. We quantify the impact of human-induced climate change on the average wheat production as well as economic revenues and on the likelihood of a low-production year like 2010. For this, we use bias-adjusted counterfactual and factual climate model data from two large ensembles of latest-generation climate models as input to a statistical subnational yield model. The climate data and the yield model were shown to be fit for purpose as the factual climate simulations represent the observations, the out-of-sample validation of the yield model performs reasonably well with a mean R2 of 0.54, and the results are robust under the performed sensitivity tests.
Our results show that human-induced climate change, and explicitly increases in daily-minimum temperatures and extreme heat, have had a critical impact on wheat production, decreasing yields between 2000 and 2019 by around 6.2 to 8.2% (uncertainty range of two climate models), increasing the likelihood of the 2010 low-production event by 2.1 to 3 times, and leading to economic losses of 119 to 158 million USD. The latest IPCC report assessed that climate change has today mixed positive and negative impacts on wheat production in Central Asia, but the results are stated with low confidence as studies are sparse in this region. This climate impact attribution study addresses this gap, finding clear indications for a negative influence of climate change, especially via temperature increases, on wheat production in northern Kazakhstan.
Quantifying Long-Term Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Mass Variations by Employing Numerical Weather Prediction Models and Space Geodetic Observations
Authors: Balidakis Kyriakos , Jensen Laura , Wang Jungang , Boergens Eva , Dill Robert , Dobslaw Henryk
Published: January 2024

Meteorological and geodetic systems monitor the variability of the total mass of the atmosphere and terrestrial water storage on time scales from hours to decades and on spatial scales from small turbulent eddies to planetary-scale waves. These systems feature, in most cases, at least one satellite component which allows monitoring on a global scale. Even though state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction models assimilate many of these observations to achieve more accurate weather forecasts, components of the model state can significantly deviate from independent measurements, owing to the quality of observations assimilated, the assimilation procedure, as well as the atmospheric dynamics parameterization in the model. Therefore, there is a need to validate numerical weather models to mitigate erroneous signals that could be interpreted as false climate signatures. This work focuses on long-term (2000-2022) variations induced by atmospheric moisture transport. We employ atmospheric state vectors from ECMWF’s ERA5 reanalysis to force LISFLOOD, a global hydrological model. First, total mass variations from LISFLOOD are validated against mass anomalies from the satellite gravimetry missions GRACE and GRACE-FO. Second, since Earth’s crust slightly deforms under mass loading, we utilize data from a global network of ground based GNSS stations to validate the model’s long-term displacement trends. Third, to assess the long-term stability of the humidity component of the data set forcing the hydrological models, we quantify long-term integrated water vapor variability from ERA5 and compare it with GNSS-derived integrated water vapor. We calculate this integrated water vapor employing the associated zenith wet delays, a by-product estimated during the space geodetic data analysis. Since neither mass anomalies from GRACE and GRACE-FO nor atmospheric delays and displacements from GNSS are assimilated into ERA5, we interpret the long-term discrepancies between models and observations as an accuracy and stability metric for the former.
Einfluss des Klimawandels auf die Binnenwasserstraßen
Authors: Stachel Hauke , Fleischer Claudius , Dr. Nilson Enno
Published: January 2024

Mit fortschreitendem Klimawandel muss mit deutlichen Auswirkungen auf den Betrieb und die Unterhaltung der Binnenwasserstraßen gerechnet werden. Zur Sicherstellung ihrer verkehrlichen und ökologischen Leistungsfähigkeit ist es daher notwendig, die Betroffenheit zu bestimmen und geeignete Anpassungsmaßnahmen zu entwickeln. Im Binnenbereich sind besonders ausgeprägte Hochwasser und lang andauernde Niedrigwasserphasen von Bedeutung.
 
Die Einflüsse des Klimawandels auf die Binnenwasserstraßen werden mithilfe von Modellketten analysiert, die unter anderem aus Klimamodellen, Wasserhaushaltsmodellen, hydraulischen und fahrdynamischen Modellen bestehen. In einer Modellkette baut jeder Teil auf den Ergebnissen des vorhergehenden auf und ermöglicht so die schrittweise Berücksichtigung weiterer Aspekte. Die Wirkung überregionaler klimatischer Entwicklungen auf bemessungsrelevante Größen, wie z. B. Bemessungswasserstände für Bauwerke, können auf diese Weise untersucht werden.
 
Eine solche Modellkette soll hier exemplarisch verdeutlicht werden: Klimatische Veränderungen, u. a. der Temperatur und des Niederschlags, fließen in Wasserhaushaltsmodellierungen ein, die dadurch Aufschluss zu veränderten Hoch- und Niedrigwasserabflüssen geben können. Infolge kann es zu Beeinträchtigungen des Wasserstraßenverkehrs und -managements kommen, aber auch ökologische Folgen an den Binnenwasserstraßen haben. Zur Klärung einiger dieser Fragen werden die Auswirkungen veränderter Abflussverhältnisse auf die Fahrwassertiefen bzw. Befahrbarkeit der Wasserstraßen und auf die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Schiffsverkehrs analysiert. Mit den dadurch gewonnenen Ergebnissen lassen sich Anpassungsoptionen zur Vermeidung von Funktionsverlusten durch den Klimawandel entwickeln und prüfen.
 
Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse werden durch den im Jahr 2020 eingerichteten DAS-Basisdienst „Klima und Wasser“, vertreten durch die Bundesoberbehörden Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde und Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau, zur Verfügung gestellt. Der DAS-Basisdienst „Klima und Wasser“ ist ein operationeller Klimaservice und bietet Datengrundlagen und Beratungsleistungen zu Binnengewässern aber auch zu Küsten und besonders zur Meteorologie an. Diese richten sich an die öffentliche Verwaltung, entsprechende Fachdisziplinen, Wirtschaft und die Öffentlichkeit.
A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for El Niño Southern Oscillation Dynamics
Authors: Schlör Jakob , Jannik Thümmel Jannik , Capotondi Antonietta , Newman Matthew , Goswami Bedartha
Published: January 2024

Event-to-event differences of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) result in different patterns of extreme climate conditions globally, which requires ENSO forecasts to not only accurately predict the likelihood of an event but also its type. The high autocorrelation of tropical sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) allows sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) forecasts of ENSO. Recent studies have suggested that skillful multi-year predictions may even be possible after strong El Niño events.
The Linear Inverse Model (LIM) has been shown to produce state-of-the-art ENSO forecasts. LIM describes the dynamics of the slower-varying ocean as stochastically forced by the rapidly varying atmosphere with its deterministic dynamics assumed to be multivariate linear. Due to the linearity assumption, however, LIM is unable to capture observed asymmetries of ENSO that raise the question of whether predictable nonlinearities must be accounted for or may be treated stochastically. 
In this study, we combine deep neural networks (DNN) with the LIM to assess the role of predictable nonlinearities and non-Markovianity in the evolution of monthly tropical SSTA. The different models are tested on SSTA and sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) data from the CESM2 preindustrial control run, where we observe that modeling nonlinearities significantly enhances the forecast accuracy, particularly in the western tropical Pacific within the 9 to 18-month range. Our results further indicate that the asymmetry of warm and cold events is the main source of nonlinearity that improves the forecast skill.
Bias correction and downscaling of precipitation simulations from Earth system models with generative machine learning
Authors: Hess Philipp , Gelbrecht Maximilian , Aich Michael , Pan Baoxiang , White Alistair , Bathiany Sebastian , Boers Niklas
Published: January 2024

Accurately projecting precipitation changes under anthropogenic global warming is crucial due to the high ecological and socio-economic impacts, especially of extreme events. Earth system model (ESM) simulations that numerically solve the governing equations on a discretized grid are our primary tool for projecting the impacts of changing precipitation characteristics in a warming climate. However, the limited resolution and complexity of current ESMs can introduce systematic errors in the numerical simulations, such as an underestimation of extremes and reduced spatial variability.Recently, generative machine learning methods have been applied to bias-correct precipitation fields [1,2]. While demonstrating comparable or better results than established statistical approaches, these methods can suffer from training instabilities and require computationally costly retraining for each Earth system model individually. Moreover, they only allow for limited control over the spatial scale at which biases are corrected.Here, we propose a new approach that promises to address the above issues and can correct different ESMs at a chosen spatial scale. We apply our method to bias-correct and downscale global precipitation simulations from the POEM ESM with three degrees spatial resolution. Different approaches to control the spatial consistency between the downscaled fields and the ESM are evaluated, such as noised initial conditions [3] and stabilization constraints [4].     References    [1] Hess, P., Drüke, M., Petri, S., Strnad, F. M., & Boers, N. (2022). Physically constrained generative adversarial networks for improving precipitation fields from Earth system models. Nature Machine Intelligence, 4(10), 828-839.    [2] Harris, L., McRae, A. T., Chantry, M., Dueben, P. D., & Palmer, T. N. (2022). A generative deep learning approach to stochastic downscaling of precipitation forecasts. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 14(10), e2022MS003120.
[3] Bischoff, T., & Deck, K. (2023). Unpaired Downscaling of Fluid Flows with Diffusion Bridges. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.01822.
[4] White, A., Kilbertus, N., Gelbrecht, M., & Boers, N. (2023). Stabilized Neural Differential Equations for Learning Constrained Dynamics. arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.09739.
GNSS radio occultation data for weather forecast and climate research
Authors: Schmidt Torsten , Schreiner Patrick , Wickert Jens
Published: January 2024

The GNSS radio occultation (RO) technique uses GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) signals received aboard low Earth orbiting satellites for atmospheric limb sounding.
Refractivity and temperature profiles are derived with high vertical resolution. Due to its long-term stability, all-weather capability, and global coverage the GNSS RO technique offers the possibility for global monitoring of the temperature structure in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region.
GFZ Potsdam currently provides RO data from TerraSAR-X (since 2008), Tandem-X (since 2011), and GRACE-FO (since 2020) operationally to weather service centres for the assimilation in forecast models and thus contributes to the global RO dataset build from different data centres and RO missions (e.g., COSMIC-1/2, Metop, and Spire).
In this presentation we provide an overview of recent atmospheric studies in the UTLS using the RO datasets since 2001 with respect to tropopause characteristics, UTLS temperature trends and global gravity wave activity including the estimation of absolute gravity wave momentum fluxes in the stratosphere.
Die Dynamik von extratropischen Zyklonen im Nordatlantik in einem wärmeren Klima
Authors: Pfahl Stephan , Dolores-Tesillos Edgar , Teubler Franziska
Published: January 2024

Extratropische Zyklone verursachen einen Großteil der extremen Wind- und Niederschlagsereignisse in den mittleren Breiten, und es ist deshalb wichtig zu verstehen, wie sich die Dynamik dieser Systeme in einem wärmeren Klima ändern wird. Wir untersuchen solche Änderungen basierend auf Klimasimulationen des Community Earth System Model Large Ensembles und mit Hilfe einer Kombination von Composite-Analysen, Potential Vorticity (PV)-Inversion und Trajektorienrechnungen. Obwohl sich die Intensität der nordatlantischen Zyklonen im Winter in der Projektion für das Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts kaum ändert, vergrößert sich der Fußabdruck der hohen bodennahen Windgeschwindigkeiten, was zu stärkeren Winden und damit höherem Schadenspotential südöstlich des Zentrums von sehr intensiven Zyklonen führt. Sowohl eine stärker ausgeprägte PV-Anomalie in der unteren Troposphäre als auch eine komplexere Änderung der PV-Struktur in der oberen Troposphäre tragen zu dieser Verstärkung bei. Während die PV-Änderungen in der unteren Troposphäre primär durch verstärktes latentes Heizen in der wärmeren und damit feuchteren Atmosphäre zu Stande kommen, tragen zusätzlich eine veränderte adiabatische PV-Advektion sowie sehr wahrscheinliche auch veränderte Strahlungs-Wechselwirkungen zur PV-Änderung in der oberen Troposphäre bei. Insgesamt zeigt diese Studie, dass eine komplexe Wechselwirkung von diabatischen und adiabatischen Prozessen zu strukturellen Veränderungen in der Windgeschwindigkeit in extratropischen Zyklonen mit erhöhtem Schadenspotential führen kann.