bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can the Hertel classification predict risk of humeral head osteonecrosis after osteosynthesis using an anterolateral approach?
Authors: Cruz Márcio Alves , Mouraria Guilherme , Brozatto Eduardo José Mariotoni , Kikuta Fernando Kenji , Zogbi Daniel Romano , Brigato Rafael Mulatti , Coelho Sérgio de Paula , Etchebehere Maurício
Published: February 2022

Background: Proximal humeral fractures can progress to osteonecrosis of the humeral head. Hertel developed a binary classification system (12 subtypes) and demonstrated that pattern types 2, 9, 10, 11, and 12, or fracture extension of the posteromedial head less than or equal to 8 mm, or diaphysis deviation greater than 2 mm, are at greater risk for osteonecrosis. Few studies have evaluated the incidence of osteonecrosis after proximal humerus fractures were treated using osteosynthesis through the anterolateral approach. The objectives of this study were to correlate osteonecrosis predictors established by the Hertel classification with the risk for developing osteonecrosis and its incidence after osteosynthesis using the anterolateral approach. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent osteosynthesis of proximal humerus fractures using an anterolateral approach. Patients were divided into two groups: high risk for necrosis (group 1) and low risk for necrosis (group 2) according to Hertel’s criteria. The overall prevalence of osteonecrosis and the prevalences in each group were calculated. A radiological examination was performed in the anteroposterior, scapular, and axillary views, before and after the operation (minimum 1 year after surgery). The groups were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. The unpaired t-test (parametric variables) and the Mann-Whitney test (non-parametric) were used. Results: In total, 39 patients were evaluated. The postoperative follow-up time was 14.5 ± 3.3 months. Time to onset of necrosis was 14.1 ± 3.9 months. Sex, age, and time between trauma and surgery did not influence the risk of necrosis. Type 2, 9, 10, 11, and 12, or fractures with posteromedial head extension less than or equal to 8 mm, or diaphysis deviation greater than 2 mm, as well as grouping did not influence the risk for osteonecrosis. Conclusions: Hertel’s criteria were not able to predict the development of osteonecrosis after osteosynthesis of proximal humerus fractures performed through the anterolateral approach. The total prevalence of osteonecrosis was 17.9%.
Dissolution behavior of representative elements from red mud (RM) by leaching with titanium white waste acid (TWWA)
Authors: Zhu Xiaobo , Ma Chen , Li Wang
Published: February 2022

The leaching parameters on the leaching efficiency of representative elements (Na, Sc and Al) were investigated. XRD and SEM-EDS were used to analyze the phase change of RM and leaching residue, and the leaching kinetics characteristics difference of Na, Sc and Al from RM was analyzed by the unreacted shrinking core model (USCM). The results show that the dealkalization efficiency was close to 100%, and the leaching efficiency of Sc and Al was 82% and 75%, respectively. The cancrinite was dissolved from RM by TWWA, and then the elements such as Na, Al and Ca also reacted with H2SO4 of TWWA. Sodium existed in the leaching liquor in the form of ions, and calcium reacted with sulfuric acid to form anhydrite and existed in leaching residue. The particles of RM became smaller and dispersed with each other after leaching. The apparent activation energy of Na, Sc and Al leaching was 4.947 kJ/mol, 6.361 kJ/mol and 31.666 kJ/mol, respectively. The kinetic equation of Na leaching was 1-(1-a)2/3=0.084·exp[-595.05/T]·t controlled by external diffusion. The kinetic equation of Sc leaching was 1-2a/3-(1-a)2/3=0.021·exp[-765.16/T]·t controlled by internal diffusion. The kinetic equation of Al leaching was ln(1-a)/3+ (1-a)-2/3-1=67.12·exp[-3808.8/T]·t controlled by joint action, respectively.
CT Imaging Anatomical Study of Percutaneous Magic Screw Fixation for Acetabular Posterior Column Fracture
Authors: Lu Hao , Gong Xiaobao , Xuan Chen , Lu Quanyi
Published: February 2022

Background: Research into minimally-invasive fixation of acetabular posterior column fracture has mostly focused on anatomic measurement through the ischial tuberosity in a retrograde manner, and few anatomic studies have been carried out on anterograde percutaneous Magic screws. The purpose of this paper was to discuss the entry point, entry direction and fixation range of Magic screws for fixation of acetabular posterior column fracture.Method: Materialise’s Interactive Medical Image Control System (Mimics) 19.0 software was used to carry out three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction based on the Computed tomography (CT) data of the pelvises of 100 cases. A virtual Magic screw was placed in the acetabular posterior column, and the screw entry point, entry direction, length, diameter, safety range and fixation range were determined. Osteotomy modeling was performed on the acetabular posterior column with virtual Magic screw fixation, and the changing law of the width of the screw channel was observed. The narrowest distance and position between the screw edge and the acetabulum were measured.Results: The bone entry point of the Magic screw on the posterior side to the anterior inferior iliac spine and cephalad side to the acetabular top for the males were 33.32 ± 5.52 mm and 13.42 ± 3.68 mm, respectively; and those for females were 33.94 ± 5.43 mm and 9.11 ± 3.82 mm, respectively. The screw for males had a back rake angle of 57.37 ± 6.53° and a leaning inside angle of 52.12 ± 5.61°, with an angle of 15.16 ± 3.45° to the iliac wing. For females, those angles were 55.61 ± 7.94°, 51.53 ± 5.59° and 9.76 ± 3.69°, respectively. The maximum screw diameter was 6.97 ± 0.98 mm for males and 6.39 ± 0.85 mm for females. The screw length was 76.73 ± 9.20 mm for males and 63.64 ± 8.37 mm for females. The safety ranges of back rake angle and leaning inside angle of the 5.5 mm diameter screws for the males were 7.18 ± 3.32° and 9.42 ± 3.96°, respectively, and those of 5.2 mm diameter screws for females were 8.39 ± 2.83° and 10.37 ± 3.92°, respectively. For 60% of the male specimens, the screw fixation range was above the acetabular top, with a length of 60.45 ± 5.92 cm; and for 40% of the male specimens, the screw fixation range was below the acetabular top, with a length of 50.68 ± 6.49 cm. For females, 24% of the specimens were above the acetabular top, with a length of 52.19 ± 7.76 cm; and 76% of the specimens were below the acetabular top, with a length of 38.40 ± 4.35.Conclusion: Percutaneous Magic screws provide a minimally-invasive fixation method for acetabular posterior column fracture with high surgical difficulty, and can be used to fix fractures located in the middle and upper segment of the posterior column.
Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Acute Lung Injury Caused by Severe Burn via Secreting TSG-6 and Inhibiting Inflammatory Response
Authors: Hu Xiaohong , Liu Lingying , Wang Yu , Yu Yonghui , Li Zhongyuan , Liu Yanan , Chai Jiake
Published: February 2022

Objectives To investigate whether hUC-MSCs attenuated severe burn-induced ALI and the effects were based on TSG-6 secreted from hUC-MSCs. Method Rat model was established and evaluated as follows：cytokine expression was measured by ELISA assay, and both inflammatory cell infiltration and lung injury were assessed by immunohistochemistry assay. Results In vitro, TSG-6 levels in serum from the burn group were significantly increased than that of the sham group. In vivo, TSG-6 levels of lung tissues and serum in the burn+ hUC-MSCs group were significantly increased than those of that in the burn group. Both in lung tissues and serum, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines（TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6）were remarkably decreased, but anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased after hUC-MSCs administration (p<0.05). These significant positive effects after hUC-MSCs transplantation did not occur in the Burn+siTSG-6 group. Conclusion Intra-tracheal implantation of hUC-MSCs has been an effective treatment for severe burn-induced ALI via promoting TSG-6 secretion and inhibiting inflammatory reaction in lung tissue.
Postpartum contraceptive use among low-income urban women: insights from Accra, Ghana
Authors: Agula Caesar , Henry Elizabeth G. , Asuming Patrick , Obeng-Dwamena Akua , Toprah Theophilus , Agyekum Martin W. , Shah Iqbal , Bawah Ayaga A.
Published: February 2022

Background: Postpartum contraceptives use (PPC) reduces unintended pregnancies and results in better health outcomes for children and women. However, in Ghana, there is a paucity of knowledge on PPC use, particularly among women in low-income urban settings. To shed light on strategies that might enhance access to postpartum family planning services in low-income urban settings, we examined contraceptive use among postpartum women in Accra, Ghana, at one, three, six and twelve months following the birth and the methods used. The predictors of modern contraceptive use in the 12 months postpartum period were also examined.Methods: Data are from a cross-sectional survey that was conducted in 2018 among 624 women aged 16-44 years who reported to have given birth in the past 13-31 months prior to the interview. We generated descriptive statistics to examine the prevalence of contraceptive use among postpartum women at one, three, six and twelve months after birth. We further estimated a binary logistic regression to examine the predictors of 12 months postpartum modern contraceptive use.Results: Data indicate that 40% of postpartum women never used any contraceptive method during one year after birth and of those who used a method, 40% relied on traditional methods. Moreover, 29% of women started using a method in the immediate one-month post-birth. Results further show that postpartum modern contraceptive uptake was positively associated with higher education, having more live births and being currently in a union. Conclusions: Findings highlight the need to improve the quality of counselling during antenatal and postnatal care visits by clients. Community outreach by health providers/promoters or similar models should be promoted in low-income population settings to educate postpartum women on modern contraceptive use. Women who plan to use traditional methods should be provided with information on consistent and correct use of these methods.
Serum untargeted lipidomics by UHPLC-ESI -HRMS aids the biomarker discovery of colorectal adenoma
Authors: Zhang Qisong , Zhou Hailin , Nong Yanying , Zhu Yifan , Liang Yunxiao , Zhang Jiahao , Chen Hongwei , Zhu Pingchuan
Published: February 2022

Background: Colorectal adenoma (CA) is an important precancerous lesion and early screening target of colorectal cancer (CRC). Lipids with numerous physiological functions are proved to be involved in the development of CRC. However, there is no lipidomic study with large-scale serum samples on diagnostic biomarkers for CA.Methods: The serum lipidomics of CA patients (n = 50) and normal control (NR) (n = 50) was performed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were utilized to screen the differential lipids between groups, and combining the constituent ratio analysis and diagnostic efficiency evaluation by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) disclosed the potential mechanism and biomarkers for CA.Results: There were obvious differences in serum lipid profiles between CA and NR groups. Totally, 79 differential lipids were select by criterion of P < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5 or < 0.67. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were the major differential lipids with ratio > 60%, indicating these two lipid metabolic pathways showed evident disequilibrium, which could contribute to CA formation. Of them, 12 differential lipids had good diagnostic ability as candidate biomarkers for CA (AUC ≥ 0.900) by ROC analysis. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to profile serum lipidomics and explore lipid biomarkers of CA to help early screening of CRC. 12 differential lipids are obtained to act as potential diagnostic markers of CA. PCs and fatty acids were the main dysregulated biomarkers for CA in serum.
Melatonin Reduces IL-33 and TSLP Expression in HNEpCs by Scavenging ROS Directly
Authors: zheng guoxi , Gong Min-jie , Zhang Hai-bao , Lou Miao , Wang Yu-sheng , Ma Rui-ping , Hu Zhen-zhen , Zhang Ya
Published: February 2022

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a chronic mucosal inflammation of the nasal cavity and sinuses. It is classified into CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). CRSwNP has high recurrence, especially CRSwNP with massive eosinophil infiltration(ECRSwNP) which is mediated by type 2 inflammatory response. ECRSwNP is a serious problem for patients because of its easy recurrence and poor response to hormonal treatment. Melatonin has been widely studied for its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we used melatonin to treat a cell model of chronic rhinosinusitis. Subsequently, MTT assay was performed to examine the cell viability of HNEpCs, a ROS kit to detect ROS production, an MDA kit to detect the MDA content in the cell culture supernatant, and an apoptosis kit and Western blotting to detect apoptosis. The expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, IL-33, TSLP, and IL-25 were detected by Western blotting. Melatonin improved the viability of HNEpCs, reversed LPS-induced ROS, reduced the MDA content, and inhibited their apoptosis. More importantly, melatonin reduced the expression of IL-33 and TSLP, an important phenomenon for the treatment of CRSwNP. This study provides preliminary evidence for using melatonin therapy to treat chronic rhinosinusitis.
Anti-adhesive performance of CNT enriched nanofluid lubrication during turning of Aluminum 7075 alloy using textured tools
Authors: Elhami Sadegh , Farahnakian Masoud , Khani Salman
Published: February 2022

This paper presents the effect of surface texturing and CNT enriched nanofluid lubrication on the cutting performance of cemented carbide cutting inserts during the turning of Aluminum 7075 alloy. This alloy is widely used in various industries due to its excellent properties such as high corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio, and good formability. Although aluminum alloys have good cutting properties because of their low strength, they adhere between tool and chip on the rake face in machining processes, and this results in the low surface finish of machined components. To solve this problem, the use of textured tools under nanofluid lubrication is proposed in this study. Firstly, different shape of textures was fabricated on the rake face, and effective texture was determined using experimental tests. Then, turning tests were carried out using the selected textured tool under CNT enriched nanofluid lubrication to enhance the cutting performance of the machining process. Results showed that the linear microgrooves perpendicular to chip flow direction have better performance in comparison to other shapes of texture. Our findings revealed that the main cutting force, built-up edge, and surface finish were reduced up to 32%, 37%, and 19% using the selected textured tool under CNT enriched nanofluid lubrication compared to dry turning condition.
Occlusal features of 5-year-old Greek children. A national pathfinder survey.
Authors: Davidopoulou Sotiria , Arapostathis Konstantinos , Berdouses Elias , Kavvadia Aikaterini , Oulis Constantine
Published: February 2022

Background: Occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition are crucial in predicting and determining permanent tooth alignment and occlusion. The aim of our study was to determine the occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition of 5-year-old children in Greece through a national pathfinder survey. Methods: A stratified cluster sample of 1222 5-year-old children was selected according to the WHO guidelines for national pathfinder surveys. Five occlusal traits were registered clinically in centric occlusion, separately for the left and right sides: sagittal relationships of the second primary molars and primary canines, overjet, overbite, crossbite, and maxillary and mandibular spacing. Results: Most children showed a flush terminal plane of primary second molars (44.8%), a class I primary canine relationship (52.2%) and normal overjet (46.4%), but a high prevalence of Class II canine relationship (25.6%) and overjet (37.8%) were also observed. A normal overbite was found in 40% of the children and 40% had a deep overbite. Spacing was apparent in both maxilla (71.1% of children) and mandible (56.4%). Both The prevalence of open bite significantly rose in children sucking their finger and using the pacifier and altered the bilateral second primary molar relationship, by increasing distal step bilaterally. Conclusions: Νon-nutritive habits were associated to altered occlusal features. No sex significant differences were found in either the sagittal relationships of second primary molars and primary canines, or overjet, overbite, crossbite and spacing.
Intergenerational wealth inequality and transfer in shared socioeconomic pathways A case study of South Africa
Authors: Shayegh Soheil , Zheng Yu
Published: February 2022

We develop a novel structural economic model of overlapping generations to study wealth accumulation and distribution under the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). We consider skill-specific wages and intergenerational wealth transfers as determinants wealth. The model is calibrated to match the projections of human capital accumulation and economic growth of South Africa in the 21st century. We find that the wealth gap between the rich and the poor increases under the SSP3 and SSP4 scenarios which have lower human capital growth rates. Furthermore, rich households accumulate more wealth at a faster rate than poor households. In other scenarios, the median households with mixed skill background are those leading the wealth accumulation compared to rich households. As a result, the wealth gap grows slower and the wealth inequality measured by the Gini index decreases in SSP1, SSP2, and SSP5. Overall, our results highlight the important role of capital inheritance in the income distribution dynamics.
Anti-donor T cell responses are equivalent between elderly and non-elderly kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Ide Kentaro , Sasaki Yu , Tanaka Yuka , Tanaka Asuka , Akimoto Shuji , Tahara Hiroyuki , Ohira Masahiro , Tanimine Naoki , Marlen Doskali , Ohdan Hideki
Published: February 2022

Although the number of kidney transplantations (KTs) among elderly patients has been increasing, no specific recommendations have been established for managing elderly patients. In this study, we investigated the influence of aging on anti-donor T-cell responses by comparing elderly (aged ≥ 60 years) and non-elderly KT recipients with cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimens. We performed a serial mixed lymphocyte reaction assay to evaluate the status of T-cell immunity in KT recipients. During the observation period, a certain number of patients in both groups presented with hyper T-cell responses to donor stimuli. Notably, the proportion of patients showing anti-donor hyper-responsiveness in the elderly group gradually increased over time with a reduced dosage of immunosuppressants.In conclusion, anti-donor T cell responses were equivalent between elderly and non-elderly recipients. Thus, caution is required regarding the imprudent reduction of immunosuppressants in elderly recipients. A rigorously designed, large-scale, prospective study is needed to validate these results.
New Development of the Point Performance of a Bridge Using Stiffness-Based Damage Index and Drift Damage
Authors: harzallah salaheddine
Published: February 2022

In this present research study, development of the performance point of a bridge using stiffness-based damage index and drift damage to assess damage to reinforced concrete moment resisting frames, is proposed. It is shown that inelastic dynamic time-history analysis is performed on bridge subjected to earthquake records meanwhile damage of the bridge is computed by the stiffness-based damage index. Two relations between damage and drift are derived by applying a superposition that takes into account their effects. It is proven that the proposed point performance and damage indices are able to assess the damage index of bridge frames.The proposed approach is then checked by comparing predicted values to the ones considered as exact in the literature.
Plasmodium berghei Brca2 Is Required for Normal Development and Differentiation in Mice and Mosquitoes
Authors: Yoshikawa Yasunaga , Kimura Shunta , Soga Akira , Sugiyama Makoto , Ueno Aki , Kondo Hiroki , Zhu Zida , Ochiai Kazuhiko , Nakayama Kazuhiko , Hakozaki Jun , Kusakisako Kodai , Haraguchi Asako , Kitano Taisuke , Orino Koichi , Fukumoto Shinya , Ikadai Hiromi
Published: February 2022

Background: Malaria is a major global parasitic infestation caused by Plasmodium spp. Its zygotes undergo meiosis and develop into haploid ookinetes which differentiate into oocysts that undergo sporogony. Homologous recombination (HR) occurs during meiosis and introduces genetic variation. However, the mechanisms of HR in Plasmodium are unclear. In humans, the recombinases Rad51 and Dmc1 are required for HR and are regulated by BRCA2. Most eukaryotes harbor BRCA2 homologs. Nevertheless, they have not been reported for Plasmodium.Methods: A Brca2 candidate was salvaged from a database to identify Brca2 homologs in Plasmodium. To confirm that the candidate protein was Brca2, interaction activity between Plasmodium berghei (Pb) Brca2 and Rad51 was tested by a mammalian two-hybrid assay. To elucidate the functions of PbBrca2, it was knocked out and parasite proliferation and differentiation were assessed in mice and mosquitoes. Transmission electron microscopy was used to identify sporogony.Results: The candidate protein was conserved among Plasmodium species and indicated that they harbored critical BRCA2 domains including BRC repeats, tower, and oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding-fold domains. The P. berghei BRC repeats interacted with PbRad51. Hence, this candidate was considered a Brca2 homolog. PbBrca2 knockout parasites were associated with reduced parasitemia, gametocytemia, female gametocyte ratio, oocyst number, and ookinete development in both mice and mosquitoes. Nevertheless, gametocyte and ookinete morphology was comparable with that of wild type parasites. Transmission electron microscopy disclosed that sporogony never progressed in Brca2-knockout parasites.Conclusions: Brca2 is implicated in nearly all Plasmodium life cycle stages and especially in sporogony. PbBrca2 contributes to homologous recombination during meiosis.
Enhanced thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3-based micro-nano fibers via thermal drawing and interfacial engineering
Authors: Sun Min , Tang Guowu , Wang Hanfu , Zhang Ting , Zhang Pengyu , Han Bin , Yang Ming , Zhang Hang , Chen Yicong , Chen Jun , Chen Dongdan , Gan Jiulin , Qian Qi , Yang Zhongmin
Published: February 2022

High-performance thermoelectric (TE) materials with great flexibility and stability are urgently needed to efficiently convert heat energy into electrical power. Recently, intrinsically crystalline, mechanically stable, and flexible inorganic TE fibers that show TE properties comparable to their bulk counterparts are of interest to researchers. Despite remarkable progress moving TE fibers towards room-temperature TE conversion, the figure-of-merit value (ZT) and bending stability still need enhancement. Herein, we report interfacial engineering enhanced thermoelectric properties of micro-nano polycrystalline TE fibers fabricated by thermally drawing Bi2Te3-based bulks in a glass-fiber template. The interfacial engineering effect comes from generating stress-induced oriented nanocrystals to increase electrical conductivity and producing strain-distorted interfaces to decrease thermal conductivity. The resulting fibers achieve a 40% higher ZT (~1.4 at 300 K) than their bulk counterparts and show a reversible bending radius of 50 µm, approaching the theoretical elastic limit. This fabrication strategy works for a wide range of inorganic TE materials and benefits the development of fiber-based micro-TE devices.
Integrated subwavelength gratings on a lithium niobate on insulator platform for mode and polarization manipulation
Authors: Han Xu , Chen Li , Jiang Yongheng , Frigg Andreas , Xiao Huifu , Nguyen Thach , Boes Andy , Yang Jianhong , Ren Guanghui , Su Yikai , Mitchell Arnan , Tian Yonghui
Published: February 2022

Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) has emerged as a promising platform for photonic integrated circuits, with a fast-growing toolbox of components. In this paper, we propose, design and experimentally demonstrate compact subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguides on a LNOI platform for on-chip mode and polarization manipulation. To overcome the limitation of waveguide fabrication, the SWGs are designed and formed on a silicon nitride thin film deposited onto the surface of LNOI chip. As proof-of-concept devices, the SWG-based spatial mode filters and a TM-pass polarizer are fabricated successfully on the same chip, with the device lengths of only ~50 μm. The measured insertion losses for the devices are lower than 3.1 dB, with high extinction ratio larger than 30 dB, at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The proposed and demonstrated SWGs can serve as important building blocks in a series of mode and polarization handling devices for LNOI integrated photonics.
Adoption of digital health with a concept of patient as an organization
Authors: Gupta Atantra Das
Published: February 2022

The paper has been conceptualized as it will script a new paradigm for the patient-based healthcare model. Where patients will evolve from mere consumers of resources to an organization as it produces resources as well. The patient will not only be monitored by the state but also be protected, empowered similar to Organization. This very concept will ensure the shift from exploitation to utilization.
Integral equation for a solitary wave
Authors: Lavit Igor M.
Published: February 2022

The problem is formulated as a boundary-value problem for a strip in the complex potential plane and converted to a boundary-value problem for a half-plane by conformal mapping. The solution is obtained using a Cauchy type integral for the density of which a nonlinear integral equation is derived. Its solution is found with the Galerkin method and the Newton–Raphson technique. The calculated results are compared with the experimental data and the calculations by other researchers. The lower limit of the speed of a solitary wave is found.
Enhanced Stent Imaging System Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention İs Linked to Optimize Stent Placement
Authors: avci ilhan ilker , Zeren Gönül , Sungur Azmi , Akdeniz Evliya , Şimşek Barış , Yılmaz Mehmet Fatih , Can Fatma , Gürkan Ufuk , Karagöz Ali , Tanboğa İbrahim Halil , Karabay Can Yücel
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Stent under-expansion utmost importance for restenosis, also one of the strongest predictors of Stent Thrombosis is stent under-expansion. Thus, it remains uncertain whether Enhanced stent imaging (CLEARstent) guidance improved stent under-expansion.Our aim to assess the using Enhanced stent imaging (ESI) on stent under-expansion, after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, with using CLEARstent technology.Methods: This cross-sectional observational based on single center study. The subjects who applied to our cardiology clinic with stable angina or acute coronary syndrome, from March 2020 to September 2020 were recruited. A total of 164 patients who underwent post-PCI clear stent in the study group and age sex matched 77 control patients were included in the study. Post-procedural minimal lumen diameter (MLD) was calculated with quantitative coronary angiography module.Results: Approximately one third of the study population was in X-ray guided PCI group and two third of which was involved in ESI guided PCI group (32% and 68%, respectively, p=0.22). The patients in ESI guided PCI group, median age was 61 (54-69) years and 76.8% (n=126) of whom were male.The patients in ESI guided PCI group have higher minimal lumen area when compared to X-ray guided PCI group (2.88 (2.58-2.99) vs 2.55 (2.34-2.63), p<0.001).Conclusion: Our study addresses that use of ESI system with intend to optimize stent placement results in better procedural outcome expressed by MLD.
Upregulation of CYP1B1 by hypoxia is mediated by ERα activation in breast cancer cells
Authors: Min Jin Young , Lee Gi Ho , Khanal Tilak , Jin Sun Woo , Lee Sang-Yeop , Kim Hyung Gyun , Hyon Ju-Yong , Chung Young-Ho , Ha Sang Keun , Han Eun Hee , Jeong Hye Gwang
Published: February 2022

Background: Endocrine therapy for breast cancer often leads to drug resistance and tumor recurrence; tumor hypoxia is also associated with mortality and tumor relapse. Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) regulates estrogen metabolism in breast cells and is known to be overexpressed in breast cancer tissue. Although the individual association of hypoxia-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and CYP1B1 with tumorigenesis is well known, the association between HIF-1α and CYP1B1 leading to tumorigenesis has not been investigated. Here, we investigated the correlation between hypoxia and CYP1B1 expression in breast cancer cells for tumorigenesis-related mechanisms. Methods: Hypoxia was induced in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (Er-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative) and the normal breast epithelial cell line MCF10A, and then subjected to immunoblotting, transient transfection and luciferase assays, gene silencing using small interfering RNA, PCR analysis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, and mammalian two-hybrid assays. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis of tumor microarrays was performed and the pub2015 and The cancer genome atlas patient datasets were analyzed.Results: HIF-1α expression in response to hypoxia occurred in both normal and breast cancer cells, whereas CYP1B1 was induced only in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer cells under hypoxia. HIF-1α activated ERα by direct binding as well as in a ligand-independent manner to promote CYP1B1 expression. Conclusions: Therefore, we established the mechanism by which hypoxia and ER-positivity orchestrate breast cancer relapse.
Tobacco smoking and depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: Handling missing values in panel data with multiple imputation
Authors: Du Xiahua , Wu Rina , Kang Lili , Zhao Longlong , Li Changle
Published: February 2022

Background: The high co-occurrence of tobacco smoking and depression is a major public health concern during the novel coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. However, no studies have dealt with missing values when assessing depression. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effect of tobacco smoking on depressive symptoms using a multiple imputation technique.Methods: This research was a longitudinal study using data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted between 2011 and 2018, and the final sample consisted of 74,381 observations across all four waves of data collection. The present study employed a multiple imputation technique to deal with missing values, and a fixed effects logistic regression model was used for the analysis. Results: The results of fixed effects logistic regression showed that heavy smokers were 1.2 times more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms than those who never smoked. Compared to those who never smoked, for short-term and moderate-term quitters, the odds of suffering from depressive symptoms increased by 30% and 22%, respectively. The magnitudes of the odds ratios for of the variables short-term quitters, moderate-term quitters, and long-term quitters decreased in absolute terms with increasing time-gaps since quitting.Conclusions: The empirical findings suggested that among Chinese middle-aged and older adults, heavy smokers and short-term and moderate-term quitters were more likely to have depressive symptoms than those who never smoked. Moreover, former smokers reported that the probability of having depressive symptoms decreased with a longer duration since quitting. These results may have important implications that support the government in allocating more resources to smoking cessation programs to help middle-aged and older smokers.
Epidemiological characteristics of thoracolumbar fractures from 2014 to 2019 in Shanxi, China
Authors: Feng Hao-Yu , Li Qiang , Kang Yi , Gao Zhao , Wang Chao-Yu , Chen Chen , Zhang Hong-Yi , Zhang Ming , Zhao Jing , Zhou Heng-Xing , Feng Shi-Qing
Published: February 2022

Background: We aimed to clarify the epidemiological characteristics of thoracolumbar fractures (TLFs) at Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, China. Methods: A total of 1,096 patients with TLF between January 2014 and December 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Epidemiological characteristics (year, age, sex, marital status, occupation, injury level, etiology, fracture type, and American Spinal Injury Association ASIA impairment scale [AIS] grade) in medical records were extracted and analyzed.Results: The number of TLF cases increased between 2014 and 2019. More than half of the patients were between 40 and 75 years old. The most common fracture level was L1, with compression as the most common injury type. A total of 137 patients (12.5%) experienced spinal cord injury. The primary cause of fracture was a “low fall”, and farmers were most vulnerable. Epidemiological characteristics (age, year, etiology, fracture type, occupation, and spinal cord injury) were quite different between males and females. In patients with spinal cord injury, the most frequent age group was 46–60 years old. Again, the primary fracture level was L1, and the most common occupation was farmer. However, with this group, the primary fracture type was burst, and the main etiology was “high fall”.Conclusions: The number of patients with TLF increases with social development. The epidemiological profiles between sexes were quite different. Preventions and government regulations should be implemented to reduce the incidence of TLF, according to the epidemiological profiles of men and women.
Etiology and surgical treatment of pediatric trigger finger: Quantitative measurements of the cross-sectional configuration of the flexor tendon using ultrasonography
Authors: Kim Jihyeung , Li Qingyuan , Cao Linying , Baek Goo Hyun , Zhan Haihua
Published: February 2022

Background: This study quantitively evaluated the cross-sectional area of the flexor tendon and the area under the A1 pulley using ultrasonography in patients with unilateral pediatric trigger finger (PTF). The surgical outcome following release of the A1 pulley together with the proximal one-third of the A2 pulley was determined.Methods: We enrolled 32 trigger fingers of 29 patients diagnosed with unilateral PTF. The cross-sectional configuration of the flexor tendon was determined in 12 trigger fingers of 10 patients using ultrasonography. The ultrasonography measurements consisted of the anteroposterior (AP) diameter, radioulnar (RU) diameter, cross-sectional area of the flexor tendon at the level of the greatest AP diameter of the flexor tendon proximal to the A1 pulley, and the inner dimensions of the A1 pulley. The measurements were repeated on the contralateral normal same finger. The efficacy of the surgical release of the A1 pulley together with that of the proximal one-third of the A2 pulley was assessed in 11 trigger fingers of 11 patients who underwent surgical intervention for PTF.Results: The average RU measurement and cross-sectional area of the flexor tendon were larger than the inner dimensions of the A1 pulley in PTF patients. The average AP, RU, and cross-sectional area measurements in the area under the A1 pulley were significantly larger in the trigger finger than in the contralateral normal finger (P < 0.05). The average RU and cross-sectional area measurements of the flexor tendon proximal to the A1 pulley were also significantly larger in the trigger finger than in the contralateral normal finger (P < 0.05). In 10 of the 11 (91%) surgically treated fingers, successful resolution of triggering without recurrence was achieved after release of the A1 pulley together with the proximal one-third of the A2 pulley. One finger had recurrent triggering, which was successfully treated with complete A2 pulley and partial A3 pulley release. The patient remained asymptomatic after the revision procedure. No other complications were observed. All patients were satisfied with the surgical outcomes and at the most recent follow-up evaluation had returned to full activities.Conclusions: Ultrasonographic measurements in PTF patients suggested that PTF is caused by a size mismatch between the flexor tendon and the area under the A1 pulley. The difference is the result of nodule formation or thickening within one or both of the flexor digitorum superficialis slips. Surgical release of the A1 pulley and of the proximal one-third of the A2 pulley is a very efficient treatment for PTF, yielding satisfactory outcomes that may shorten the duration of symptoms.
Inhibitors of IFN Gene Stimulators (STING) Improve Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Acute Lung Injury by Activating AMPK Signal
Authors: Yang Mei , Ma Yu-Xia , Zhi Ying , Wang Hai-Bin , Zhao Li , Wang Peng-Sheng , Niu Jie-Ting
Published: February 2022

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion is a life-threatening disease. Interferon gene stimulator (STING) is a cytoplasmic DNA sensor, participating in the initiation of inflammatory response. This study aims to establish whether C-176 (STING inhibitor) improves the ALI under intestinal ischemia-reperfusion conditions.Methods: To induce ALI, 72 C57BL/6 mice male were subjected to intestinal ischemia-reperfusion for 90 min. Through intraperitoneal injection, C-176, a selective STING inhibitor was injected 30 minutes before surgical treatment; meanwhile, compound C, an antagonist of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was administered 30 min after surgery. Based on immunofluorescence and Western blot assays, post-ALI assessments included lung water content (TLW), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein, H&E staining, Masson staining, pulmonary apoptosis (TUNEL, cleaved caspase-3), and pyroptosis (Gasdermin-D [GSDMD], cleaved caspase-1).Results: C-176 administration significantly attenuated intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-mediated ALI; this was reflected by exasperated TLW and BALF protein, aggravated lung injury score, elevated degree of pulmonary fibrosis, increased TUNEL- and GSDMD-positive cells, as well as upregulated phosphor-AMPK, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-1 expression. Moreover, C-176 increased phosphor-AMPK under ALI conditions. Nonetheless, compound C partially reversed these beneficial effects.Conclusion: C-176, a selective STING inhibitor improves intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-mediated ALI, and its underlying mechanism may be associated with AMPK signal activation.
MVA-CoV2-S vaccine candidate confers full protection from SARS-CoV-2 brain infection and damage in susceptible transgenic mice
Authors: Villadiego Javier , García-Arriaza Juan , Ramírez-Lorca Reposo , Cabello-Rivera Daniel , Álvarez-Vergara María I. , Cala-Fernández Fernando , García-Swinburn Roberto , García-Roldán Ernesto , López-Ogáyar Juan L. , Zamora Carmen , Astorgano David , Pérez Patricia , Rosales-Nieves Alicia , Muñoz-Cabello Ana M. , Pascual Alberto , Esteban Mariano , Lopez-Barneo Jose , Toledo-Aral Juan
Published: February 2022

The protective efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the brain is yet unclear. Here, in the susceptible transgenic K18-hACE2 mouse model of severe COVID-19 disease, we report a detailed spatiotemporal description of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in different areas of the brain. Remarkably, SARS-CoV-2 brain replication occurs primarily in neurons, producing important neuropathological alterations such as neuronal loss, incipient signs of neuroinflammation, and vascular damage in SARS-CoV-2 infected mice. Notably, one or two doses of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein (MVA-CoV2-S) conferred full protection against SARS-CoV-2 cerebral infection, preventing virus replication in all areas of the brain and its associated damage. This protection was maintained even after SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. To our knowledge, this is the first study of a COVID-19 vaccine candidate showing 100% efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 brain infection and damage, reinforcing the use of MVA-CoV2-S as a promising vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, worth to move forward into clinical trials.
Leukocyte Count Predicts Carotid Artery Stenosis in Men With Ischemic Stroke: Sub Study of the Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study (Pass)
Authors: Velzen Twan J. , Stolp Jeffrey , Westendorp Willeke F. , Roos Yvo B.W.E.M. , de Beek Diederik van , Nederkoorn Paul J.
Published: February 2022

Background: Inflammation is important in the development of atherosclerosis. Research suggested sex-dependent differences for the value of inflammatory markers for risk stratification of stroke patients with internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS). We investigated whether leukocytes and thrombocytes were associated with ≥50% ICAS in acute stroke and whether this was sex-dependent.Methods: Patients included in the PASS were evaluated for the predictive value of leukocytes and thrombocytes for ICAS. In PASS patients with ischemic stroke or TIA were randomized between four days of ceftriaxone intravenously or standard stroke care alone. Logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for NIHSS and other covariates.Results: 2550 patients were included in PASS. 1413 of 2550 patients (55%) were evaluated in this sub study. Female patients showed a mean of 8.55 x 109/L for leukocytes and 259 x 109/L for thrombocytes. Men showed a mean of 8.29 x 109/L for leukocytes and 224 x 109/L for thrombocytes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that leukocytes were independently associated with ICAS ≥50% in male patients (OR 1.094, p=0.008), but not in female patients (OR 1.041, p=0.360). Thrombocytes were not associated with ICAS.Conclusions: We conclude that blood leukocyte count independently predicts ICAS in men after acute stroke, but not in women. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN66140176 Unique identifier: ISRCTN66140176
The Anterior Temporal Cortex in Action
Authors: Knights Ethan , Smith Fraser , Rossit Stephanie
Published: February 2022

Intelligent manipulation of handheld tools marks a major discontinuity between humans and our closest ancestors. Here we identified neural representations about how tools are typically manipulated within left anterior temporal cortex, by shifting a searchlight classifier through whole-brain real action fMRI data when participants grasped 3D-printed tools in ways considered typical for use (i.e., by their handle). These neural representations were automatically evocated as task performance did not require semantic processing. In fact, findings from a behavioural motion-capture experiment confirmed that actions with tools (relative to non-tool) incurred additional processing costs, as would be suspected if semantic areas are being automatically engaged. These results substantiate theories of semantic cognition that claim the anterior temporal cortex combines sensorimotor and semantic content for advanced behaviours like tool manipulation.
Simulations of the Angular Kinetic-Energy Distribution of Halo Weakly Interacting Massive Particles for Directional Dark Matter Detection Experiments
Authors: Shan Chung-Lin
Published: February 2022

In this paper, as the second step of our study on developing data analysis procedures for using 3-dimensional information offered by directional Dark Matter detection experiments in the future, we investigate the patterns of the angular distribution of the Monte Carlo-generated 3-D kinetic energy of halo Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) in different celestial coordinate systems. We will demonstrate the "directionality" of the angular distributions of the 3-D WIMP kinetic energy by both of their annual and diurnal modulations. For readers' reference, the angular distribution patterns of the 3-D WIMP kinetic energy in the "laboratory (location)-dependent" reference frames of several underground laboratories are given in the Appendix.
Evaluating Ethylene Sensitivity and Exogenous Ethylene Impact on Early Growth of Grafted and Nongrafted Tomato Seedlings
Authors: Jenkins Tricia , Kubota Chieri , Rivard Cary L. , Pliakoni Eleni D.
Published: February 2022

Ethylene sensitivity of grafted and nongrafted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings with three to four true leaves was examined. The concentration of exogenous ethylene that produced symptoms was between 1 and 10 µL⋅L–1 regardless of grafting. Symptoms of ethylene exposure included leaf epinasty, decreased maximal photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and increased plant height (nongrafted only). Grafted plants maintained higher Fv/Fm than nongrafted plants in response to higher ethylene concentrations. Ethylene-damaged plants showed comparable growth to the control plants 3 weeks after transplanting, but transplant quality was diminished as a result of ethylene exposure at high concentrations.
Influence of Nitrogen Rate, Fertilizer Type, and Application Method on Cabbage Yield and Nutrient Concentrations
Authors: Coolong Timothy , Cassity-Duffey Kate , Ribeiro da Silva Andre Luiz Biscaia
Published: February 2022

Georgia is a leading fresh market cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) producer. Current recommendations for bare-ground cabbage grown in the Coastal Plain of Georgia indicate 175 to 225 lb/acre nitrogen (N). Approximately one-third of N fertilizer is recommended at planting, with two or three additional side-dress applications during the season. Growers have begun banding liquid fertilizer between four and six times during the season to reduce N leaching and enhance productivity. To determine the validity of current recommendations as well as the efficacy of applying periodic liquid fertilizer throughout the growing season, field experiments were conducted in Tifton, GA in Fall 2016 and 2017 with the cabbage cultivar Cheers. Fertilizer N rates were 175, 200, 225, and 250 lb/acre N applied using equivalent preplant fertilizer (50 lb/acre N) with two posttransplant applications of a granular fertilizer (27–0P–0K–5Ca) or six applications of a liquid fertilizer (9N–0P–0K–11Ca). A factorial, randomized, complete block design was used. There were no interactions among fertilizer program, N rate, or year for cabbage yield or nutrient concentrations. Total yield was unaffected by the N rate. However, plants fertilized with the lowest N rate (175 lb/acre N) had the lowest yields from the first two harvests compared with the other N rates. Nutrient concentrations were affected by year, with 2017 having greater concentrations of most macronutrients compared with 2016. In conclusion, the application of 175 lb/acre N led to a potential delay in harvest, but all other N rates were equal. The application method did not impact yield or earliness, suggesting that current recommendations for fertilizer applications after planting cabbage in Georgia are adequate.