bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Healthy South Texas Asthma Program on improving health outcomes and reducing health disparities among the underserved Hispanic population: using the RE-AIM model
Authors: Carrillo Genny , Roh Taehyun , Baek Juha , Chong-Menard Betty , Ory Marcia
Published: November 2021

Background

In the United States, childhood asthma prevalence is higher among low-income communities and Hispanic populations. Previous studies found that asthma education could improve health and quality of life, especially in vulnerable populations lacking healthcare access. This study aims to describe Healthy South Texas Asthma Program (HSTAP), an evidence-based asthma education and environmental modification program in South Texas, and evaluate its associations with health-related outcomes among Hispanic children with asthma and their families.

Methods

The RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) planning and evaluation framework was used as an overarching tool to evaluate the impact of the HSTAP. This educational program included 451 children with asthma and their families living in South Texas, an impoverished area at the Texas-Mexico border. The program consisted of (a) the asthma education (2-h) for children with asthma provided by Respiratory Therapy students at the children’s schools and (b) the home visit Asthma and Healthy Homes education and walk-through sessions (at baseline and 3 months) for parents and two follow-up visits (6 and 9–12 months later) led by community health workers. The education was provided in either English or Spanish between September 2015 and August 2020 as part of the Healthy South Texas Initiative. A pre-and post-test design was implemented to assess the differences in health outcomes, knowledge, and behaviors using standardized self-reported surveys as reported by parents. Analyses included primary descriptive analyses, generalized estimating equation models, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the McNemar test.

Results

The HSTAP was significantly associated with improved individual-level outcomes on the frequency of asthma-related respiratory symptoms, including shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing, and sleep difficulty, among children with asthma, as well as an enhanced asthma knowledge in their family. This study also showed significant associations with children’s school attendance and participation in physical activities and family social events and decreased families’ worry about their asthma management.

Conclusions

The RE-AIM model was a helpful framework to assess the HSTAP on all its components. The results suggest that participation in an asthma education and environmental modification program was associated with improved individual-level health conditions and reduced health disparities among children with asthma in low-income communities.
Epigenetic age acceleration and cardiovascular outcomes in school-age children: The Generation R Study
Authors: Monasso Giulietta S. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Küpers Leanne K. , Felix Janine F.
Published: November 2021

Background

Hypertension and atherosclerosis may partly originate in early life. Altered epigenetic aging may be a mechanism underlying associations of early-life exposures and the development of cardiovascular risk factors in childhood. A discrepancy between chronological age and age predicted from neonatal DNA methylation data is referred to as age acceleration. It may either be positive, if DNA methylation age is older than clinical age, or negative, if DNA methylation age is younger than chronological age. We examined associations of age acceleration at birth (‘gestational age acceleration’), and of age acceleration at school-age, with blood pressure and with intima-media thickness and distensibility of the common carotid artery, as markers of vascular structure and function, respectively, measured at age 10 years.

Results

This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. We included 1115 children with information on cord blood DNA methylation and blood pressure, carotid intima-media thickness or carotid distensibility. Gestational age acceleration was calculated using the Bohlin epigenetic clock, which was developed specifically for cord blood DNA methylation data. It predicts gestational age based on methylation levels of 96 CpGs from HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. We observed no associations of gestational age acceleration with blood pressure, carotid intima-media thickness or carotid distensibility at age 10 years. In analyses among children with peripheral blood DNA methylation measured at age 6 (n = 470) and 10 (n = 449) years, we also observed no associations of age acceleration at these ages with the same cardiovascular outcomes, using the ‘skin and blood clock,’ which predicts age based on methylation levels at 391 CpGs from HumanMethylation450 BeadChip.

Conclusions

Our findings do not provide support for the hypothesis that altered epigenetic aging during the earliest phase of life is involved in the development of cardiovascular risk factors in childhood.
Drug shops for stronger health systems: learning from initiatives in six LMICs
Authors: Lamba Geetanjali , Shroff Zubin Cyrus , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din , Ghaffar Abdul
Published: November 2021

Background

Private sector retail pharmacies, or drug shops, play an important role in access to essential medicines and services in low-and-middle-income countries. Recognising that they have the potential to contribute to health system strengthening efforts, many recent initiatives to engage with drug shops have been launched. These include initiatives that focus on changes in policy, regulation and training. However, the specific factors that influence their success remain poorly understood. Seven country case studies supported under the Alliance’s programme of work ‘Strengthening health systems: the role of drug shops’ help to explore this issue.

Methods

Country case studies from the above programme of research from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nigeria, Tanzania and Zambia were used as the main sources of data for this paper. A modified version of Bigdeli et al.’s Access to Medicines framework was applied within a partially grounded approach to analyze each country case study and compare themes between countries.

Results

Many factors may help initiatives targeting drug shops successfully achieve their intended outcomes. At the micro level, these include community demand for drug shops and a positive relationship between drug shops and their clients. At the meso level, facilitators of initiative success include training and positive attitudes from drug shops towards the initiative. Barriers include client pressure, procurement challenges and financial and administrative costs associated with initiatives. At the macro level, collaboration between stakeholders, high-level buy in and supervision, monitoring and regulation may influence initiative success. These factors are inter-dependent and interact with each other in a dynamic way.

Conclusions

Using a framework approach, these country case studies demonstrate common factors that influence how drug shops can strengthen health systems. These learnings can help inform the design and implementation of successful strategies to engage drug shops towards sustainable systems change.
Heritability of distichiasis in Havanese dogs in Norway
Authors: Bellamy Kim K. L. , Lingaas Frode , Madsen Per
Published: November 2021

Background

Distichiasis is a presumed inherited eyelid disease, characterized by misplaced eyelashes. The effect on eye health and animal welfare varies between individuals; most mild cases show no clinical signs, but some affected animals develop painful corneal disease.

In this study, we investigated the prevalence and heritability of distichiasis in the Norwegian population of Havanese dogs.

Results

A total of 1156 Havanese were included in the study. Out of these, 168 were affected with distichiasis, making the prevalence in our sample 14.5% (95% CI 12.5–16.6%). There was no sex predisposition. Most affected individuals were graded “mildly affected”.

The estimates generally showed high heritabilities, which varied between 0.276 (linear model) and 0.720 (Bayesian threshold model). The linear estimates, after conversion to the underlying scale (h2l = 0.664–0.674), corresponds well to the results of the Bayesian models.

Conclusions

The estimated heritability of distichiasis in Havanese is high and the prevalence is moderate. The high heritability indicate that a significant selection response could be obtained by simple mass selection. To secure good animal welfare, it’s important to control the number of affected individuals and especially the severely affected.
Valorisation of corncob into furfuryl alcohol and furoic acid via chemoenzymatic cascade catalysis
Authors: Ni Jiacheng , Di Junhua , Ma Cuiluan , He Yu-Cai
Published: November 2021

Heterogeneous tin-based sulfonated graphite (Sn-GP) catalyst was prepared with graphite as carrier. The physicochemical properties of Sn-GP were captured by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and BET. Organic acids with different pKa values were used to assist Sn-GP for transforming corncob (CC), and a linear equation (Furfural yield  = − 7.563 ×  pKa  + 64.383) (R2  =  0.9348) was fitted in acidic condition. Using sugarcane bagasse, reed leaf, chestnut shell, sunflower stalk and CC as feedstocks, co-catalysis of CC (75.0 g/L) with maleic acid (pKa  =  1.92) (0.5 wt%) and Sn-GP (3.6 wt%) yielded the highest furfural yield (47.3%) for 0.5 h at 170 °C. An effective furfural synthesis was conducted via co-catalysis with Sn-GP and maleic acid. Subsequently, E. coli CG-19 and TS completely catalyzed the conversion of corncob-derived FAL to furfurylalcohol and furoic acid, respectively. Valorisation of available renewable biomass to furans was successfully developed in tandem chemoenzymatic reaction.

Graphical Abstract
Nest site tenacity and mate fidelity in the Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus)
Authors: Piro Simon , Schmitz Ornés Angela
Published: November 2021

Breeding philopatry is well known in the Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus). Using a capture-mark-recapture method, we studied if Black-headed Gulls show nest site tenacity and mate fidelity as well, and investigated if there are differences between a stable, and a newly established and fast-growing colony, as well as for differences between the center and edges of these colonies located in north-eastern Germany. We found a high level of nest site tenacity in the center of the stable colony on Böhmke Island, and lower degrees of nest site tenacity at the edge of the same colony and in the newly established and fast-growing colony on Riether Werder. Mate fidelity was very strong in all individuals which returned to their previous breeding place, regardless of the nest site location.
Effect of under-nutrition during pregnancy on low birth weight in Tigray regional state, Ethiopia; a prospective cohort study
Authors: Berhe Kidanemaryam , Weldegerima Lemlem , Gebrearegay Freweini , Kahsay Amaha , Tesfahunegn Afewerki , Rejeu Mehammedseid , Gebremariam Brhane
Published: November 2021

Background

Under-nutrition during pregnancy affects birth outcomes and neonatal outcomes. Worldwide, 20.5 million children were low birth weight, mainly in poor countries. However, there is no longitudinal-based evidence on the effect of under-nutrition during pregnancy on birth weight in Tigray regional state. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effect of under-nutrition during pregnancy on low birth weight in Tigray regional state.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study among consecutively selected 540 pregnant women attending antenatal care in hospitals from October 2019 to June 2020. Pregnant women with mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 23 cm were exposed and those with MUAC≥23 cm were unexposed. Data on socio-demographic, diet, hygiene and anthropometry measurements were collected using pretested and structured questionnaires. SPSS version 25 was used for analysis. A log-binomial model was used to estimate the adjusted risk ratio and its 95%CI of the risk factors for low birth weight. Multi-collinearity was checked using the variance inflation factor (VIF) at a cut-off point of 8 and there was no multi-collinearity.

Result

The overall incidence of low birth weight was 14% (95%CI: 11.1, 17.4%). The incidence of low birth weight was 18.4 and 9.8% among the exposed and unexposed women, respectively. The difference in low birth weight incidence between the exposed and unexposed groups was statistically significant (p-value = 0.006). The risk factors of low birth weight were maternal illiteracy (ARR: 1.8, 95%CI: 1.01, 3.3), low monthly family income < 50 US Dollar (ARR: 1.6, 95%CI: 1.07, 2.2), lack of latrine utilization (ARR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.28, 0.78), and diet diversity score < 5 (ARR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.05, 2.61).

Conclusion

Low birth weight was significantly higher among the exposed pregnant women. Maternal illiteracy, low monthly income, lack of latrine utilization, and low DDS were risk factors of low birth weight. It is then important to strengthen nutritional assessment and interventions during pregnancy, with a special attention for illiterate, and low monthly income pregnant women. Again, there has to be a promotion of latrine utilization and consumption of diversified diets.
May the palps be with you – new insights into the evolutionary origin of anterior appendages in Terebelliformia (Annelida)
Authors: Kalke Paul , Beckers Patrick , Helm Conrad
Published: November 2021

Background

Head appendages in Annelida contribute significantly to the immense morphological diversity in this spiralian taxon. Nevertheless, the evolutionary origin of annelid antennae, palps, cirri and tentacles are part of vast theories and debates that took place over decades. One of these heavily discussed groups are the Terebelliformia, which bear numerous anterior tentacles originating from different regions of the head. The question, whether these tentacles are homologous to feeding palps in other annelids or if these structures evolved convergently in terebellids and the remaining taxa, has been highly debated in the past.

Results

By using morphological methods including immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, Azan-stained serial sections and 3D-visualisation, we are able to shed new light and a fresh look on the old question of the evolutionary origin of the buccal tentacles and their associated head structures in Terebelliformia. Our investigations show that the brains of the ampharetidHypania invalidaand the aulophora larvae ofLanice conchilega(Terebellidae) consist of a dorsal, more prominent and a more slender, ventral brain region. Neurite bundles innervating the buccal tentacles split off from the ventral and dorsal root within the ventral brain region and thus originate from the dorsal and ventral root of the circumoesophageal connectives. Hence, the observed neurite bundles fulfil the morphological criteria for the innervating neurite bundles of feeding palps known from Paleoannelida.

Conclusions

We disagree with former conclusions that buccal tentacles are part of the alimentary canal. Based on the presented data, the buccal tentacles of terebelliform taxa are innervated by neurite bundles and can be homologized with peristomial feeding palps of other Annelida.

Our comparative investigations reveal important insights into morphological changes during the evolution of anterior head appendages in Terebelliformia and Annelida in general. Nevertheless, our analyses also illustrate the gaps in knowledge and that more investigations throughout the annelid tree are necessary to explain and understand the huge diversity of annelid anterior appendages.
Hearing screening program for school going children in India: necessity, justification, and suggested approaches
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Shamim
Published: November 2021

Background

It is estimated that about 15% of students have transient hearing loss worldwide sufficient enough to interfere with communication, psychosocial relationship, and learning resulting in poor educational achievement and poverty. However, these conditions are reversible through timely detection and effective interventions. India is home to the largest number of school age children with hearing impairment, and majority of them remain undetected and untreated due to the absence of any dedicated hearing screening program. Therefore, this paper attempts to convince all stakeholders for planning and implementing early detection and intervention program for children with hearing impairment in school settings.

Methods

Recent literature estimates that children between the ages 0 and 14 years contribute 25.9% of the total Indian population. As per the global estimates of the prevalence of hearing impairment, India houses the largest number of school age children with hearing impairment. Many of them either remain out of school or perform poorly in school curriculum.

Results

The children in educational programs are readily and easily available for applying hearing screening procedures to detect hearing impairment and instituting audiological and educational remedial measures. But unfortunately, India has not yet envisaged any dedicated early detection and intervention program for school-going children consequently majority of children with hearing impairment undetected and untreated in the classroom.

Conclusion

Hearing impairment is a serious health concern among school age children which can adversely impact on communication, educational achievement, and vocational options. However, screening approaches for early identification in school age children across the world which are simple, effective, and cost-efficient can be considered for countries like India to reverse the ill effects of hearing impairment.

Potential implication

The paper may heighten the awareness among school personnel, educational administrators, and policymakers to consider planning and implementation of early detection and intervention program for children with hearing impairment in school settings.
Thermodynamic Stabilities of PdRuM (M = Cu, Rh, Ir, Au) Alloy Nanoparticles Assessed by Wang–Landau Sampling Combined with DFT Calculations and Multiple Regression Analysis
Authors: Nanba Yusuke , Koyama Michihisa
Published: November 2021

Unique features of alloy nanoparticles (NPs) originate from the configuration of elements within NPs; solid solution and segregated configurations show different properties even with the same overall composition of elements. The configuration space of an alloy NP is exponentially expanded by an increase of the constituent elements. Besides, the configurational entropy in an alloy NP cannot be analytically estimated due to the heterogeneous surface. Revealing the stable configuration and the corresponding entropy in the extensive configuration space is difficult. Herein, Wang–Landau sampling, combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and multiple regression analysis, was used to assess the thermodynamic stabilities of PdRuM (M = Cu, Rh, Ir, Au) ternary alloy NPs. Specifically, the excess energies calculated by DFT were subjected to multiple regression analysis, and the obtained regression equations were used for Wang–Landau sampling. The thus-obtained configurational densities of states allowed us to estimate thermodynamic quantities, and hence, to predict stable configurations at a finite temperature. We conclude that the developed method is well suited to probing the stable configurations of multinary alloy NPs at a finite temperature.
Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Alkenes with Ferric Boroperoxo Porphyrin Complex; Reduction of Oxygen by Iron Porphyrin
Authors: Kimura Kento , Murano Shunpei , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: November 2021

We herein describe the development of a mild and selective catalytic aerobic oxidation process of olefins. This catalytic aerobic oxidation reaction was designed based on experimental and spectroscopic evidence assessing the reduction of atmospheric oxygen using a ferric porphyrin complex and pinacolborane to form a ferric boroperoxo porphyrin complex as an oxidizing species. The ferric boroperoxo porphyrin complex can be utilized as an in-situ generated intermediate in the catalytic aerobic oxidation of alkenes under ambient conditions to form oxidation products that differ from those obtained using previously reported ferric porphyrin catalysis. Moreover, the mild reaction conditions allow chemoselective oxidation to be achieved.
An inducible transposon mutagenesis approach for the intracellular human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: O'Neill Colette E. , Skilton Rachel J. , Forster Jade , Cleary David W. , Pearson Sarah A. , Lampe David J. , Thomson Nicholas R. , Clarke Ian N.
Published: November 2021

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is a prolific human pathogen that can cause serious long-term conditions if left untreated. Recent developments in Chlamydia genetics have opened the door to conducting targeted and random mutagenesis experiments to identify gene function. In the present study, an inducible transposon mutagenesis approach was developed for C. trachomatis using a self-replicating vector to deliver the transposon-transposase cassette - a significant step towards our ultimate aim of achieving saturation mutagenesis of the Chlamydia genome.

Methods: The low transformation efficiency of C. trachomatis necessitated the design of a self-replicating vector carrying the transposon mutagenesis cassette (i.e. the Himar-1 transposon containing the beta lactamase gene as well as a hyperactive transposase gene under inducible control of the tet promoter system with the addition of a riboswitch). Chlamydia transformed with this vector (pSW2-RiboA-C9Q) were induced at 24 hours post-infection. Through dual control of transcription and translation, basal expression of transposase was tightly regulated to stabilise the plasmid prior to transposition.

Results: Here we present the preliminary sequencing results of transposon mutant pools of both C. trachomatis biovars, using two plasmid-free representatives: urogenital strain  C. trachomatis SWFP- and the lymphogranuloma venereum isolate L2(25667R). DNA sequencing libraries were generated and analysed using Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ MinION technology. This enabled ‘proof of concept’ for the methods as an initial low-throughput screen of mutant libraries; the next step is to employ high throughput sequencing to assess saturation mutagenesis.

Conclusions: This significant advance provides an efficient method for assaying C. trachomatis gene function and will enable the identification of the essential gene set of C. trachomatis. In the long-term, the methods described herein will add to the growing knowledge of chlamydial infection biology leading to the discovery of novel drug or vaccine targets.
An Air Force Pilot Training Recommendation System Using Advanced Analytical Methods
Authors: Forrest Nicholas C. , Hill Raymond R. , Jenkins Phillip R.
Published: November 2021

The planning of individualized pilot training programs is an intensive process. Over 120 maneuvers are introduced into the training program over time while ensuring maneuver competencies. This work introduces a novel, deep-learning based approach for automatically generating training plans for pilot trainees to significantly reduce instructor pilot planning requirements.
Optimal Genetic Screening for Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: El Hajj Hussein , Bish Douglas R. , Bish Ebru K.
Published: November 2021

Improving Newborn Screening for Genetic Diseases

Screening newborns for life-threatening genetic diseases is an important public health initiative. Cystic fibrosis is one of the most prevalent diseases in this context. As part of the cystic fibrosis screening process, all states in the United States use multiple tests, including genetic tests that detect a subset of the more than 300 genetic variants (specific mutations) that cause cystic fibrosis. In “Optimal Genetic Screening for Cystic Fibrosis,” El-Hajj, D.R. Bish, and E.K. Bish develop a decision support model to select which genetic variants to screen for, considering the trade-off between classification accuracy and testing cost, and the technological constraints that limit the number of variants selected. Because variant prevalence rates are highly uncertain, a robust optimization framework is developed. Further, two commonly used cystic fibrosis screening processes are analytically compared, and conditions under which each process dominates are established. A case study based on published data are provided.
Albert Einstein: religiosidade e política como valores do homem de ciência
Authors: Simões Eduardo
Published: November 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é o de apresentar um Albert Einstein diferente daquele que comumente encontramos nos meios de comunicação social, bem como nos livros didáticos: a imagem de um gênio da Física, cujas produções teóricas deixaram marcas que muito dificilmente serão superadas e cujos efeitos práticos de suas teorias vemos a todo momento serem aplicados no campo da tecnologia. Gostaríamos, portanto, de apresentar, mesmo que de forma restrita, as facetas de um Einstein engajado nas causas mais nobres do seu tempo. Aquele que, enquanto homem de ciência, não se furtou de sua responsabilidade social e do alto de sua fama pronunciou-se sobre os mais diversos temas que afligiam o seu século. Especialmente, aqui, trataremos de dois posicionamentos de Einstein a respeito de temas que vimos ser cruciais em sua vida pessoal, a saber, “ciência e religião” e “ciência e política”. Esperamos que as linhas que se seguem, possam servir de exemplo e estímulo àqueles que as lerem.
POPPER E A ÉTICA MÉDICA: A PROPOSTA DE UM NOVO ETHOS PARA A MEDICINA
Authors: Dias Elizabeth Assis
Published: November 2021

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a proposta de Popper de uma nova ética para a medicina, que tem como pressuposto o erro médico, suas consequências e responsabilidades e também, evidenciar novas atitudes a serem cultivadas pelos médicos como formas de preveni-los. Nesse sentido o filósofo propõe o diálogo, a discussão crítica e o trabalho em equipe. Mas, como ele aborda a questão da ética médica de uma forma mais ampla, estabelecendo certos vínculos entre ela e a concepção de ciência sob a qual os médicos foram formados, pretendemos mostrar que para que eles venham a assumir uma atitude ética e responsável face aos erros faz-se necessário que superem uma antiga forma de conceber a ciência, que valoriza a certeza e a infalibilidade, que está incrustada em suas mentes, e faz com que se vejam como uma autoridade infalível em sua especialidade.
A produção científica da educação básica sob a perspectiva de Hugh Lacey
Authors: DOS SANTOS GARCIA DELGADO JOELMA , DE MATTOS MACHADO VERA
Published: November 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo foi refletir, a partir do referencial de Hugh Lacey as tendências relacionadas aos valores sociais da produção científica da educação básica brasileira divulgada em Feiras e Mostras. Por meio de metodologia qualitativa, foi analisado resumos de projetos premiados pela Feira Brasileira de Ciência e Engenharia do ano de 2017. E os resultados evidenciaram uma tendência à valorização do desenvolvimento modernizador, ligada à economia capitalista mundial, desenvolvida e comprovada por meio de estratégias descontextualizadas. Em contraposição a esses fatos, sugere-se uma maior valorização ambiental como critério de avaliação, um olhar mais crítico frente ao aspecto mercadológico da Ciência e formar uma autoconsciência crítica desde a educação básica.
ALGUMAS LIÇÕES SOBRE O VALOR DA CIÊNCIA A PARTIR DO FENÔMENO DA PÓS-VERDADE
Authors: Miguel Leonardo Rogério , Gonçalves Caroline Garcia
Published: November 2021

Trata-se de um exame de produções intelectuais relevantes para a compreensão do fenômeno da pós-verdade e dos desafios que impõe sobre a valores e virtudes relacionados ao pensamento e à prática científica. O objetivo central é apresentar abordagens diversificadas para encaminhar uma reflexão sobre alguns problemas de cunho político, filosófico e psicológico suscitados pelas características e consequências de tal fenômeno, bem como pelos fatores que promovem. A partir da definição padrão e de uma definição alternativa para a pós-verdade, defendemos que a atenção aos vieses cognitivos, as teorias da verdade e as atitudes filosófico-científicas seja estratégia imprescindível para lidar com a “metonímia de nossos tempos” de forma intelectual e politicamente responsável.
Epistemólogos (in)escrupulosos e metafísicos (in)domesticados: Como fazer Filosofia da Ciência entre e com cientistas.
Authors: Da Silva Vinicius Carvallho
Published: November 2021

Nesse texto, um híbrido de ensaio e relato de caso, buscamos argumentar em defesa da necessidade de uma Filosofia da Ciência que não seja feita exclusivamente por e para pesquisadores de Filosofia da Ciência. A ideia é de que tal circularidade não somente cria uma espécie de comunidade autocentrada, como produz uma literatura autorreferente irrelevante para os praticantes de ciências. Ao narrar a experiência de alguns pesquisadores de Filosofia da Ciência que rompem com tal insulamento esotérico, e fazem filosofia entre e com cientistas – sem omitir o nosso próprio caso – buscamos ressaltar que, em nossa visão, o caminho em que a Filosofia da Ciência pode prosperar é marcado pela inter e multidisciplinaridade, pelo pluralismo, e pela colaboração efetiva com físicos, químicos, biólogos e todos os demais especialistas, que trabalham, no dia a dia, naquelas ciências, acerca das quais os epistemólogos – em tese – se ocupam. Enfatizamos essa abordagem plural e complexa nesse ano emblemático para o ECTS, que marca os dez anos do curso de Filosofia da Ciência na pós-graduação em Biofísica da UFRJ.
Filosofia da ciência e epistemologias feministas: entrevista com Helen Longino
Authors: Longino Helen , Haddad Yasmin Leonardos , Arbo Jade Bueno , Soares Maria Helena Silva
Published: November 2021

Filosofia da ciência e epistemologias feministas: entrevista com Helen Longino
Nietzsche e as ciências naturais: entrevista com Pietro Gori
Authors: Gori Pietro , Da Costa Wigson Rafael Silva , Da Silva Vinicius Carvallho
Published: November 2021

Para tratar das relações entre Nietzsche e o empreendimento científico, convidamos para essa entrevista um dos mais conceituados estudiosos do pensamento nietzschiano na atualidade. Pietro Gori, Ph.D. em Filosofia Moderna e Contemporânea, trabalha como pesquisador no Instituto de Filosofia da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, onde também atua como professor adjunto das cadeiras de Filosofia da Ciência e Filosofia do Conhecimento. É ainda diretor do "Lisbon Nietzsche Group" do Instituto de Filosofia da NOVA; membro da associação "HyperNietzsche", da "Red Iberoamericana de Estudios Nietzscheanos"; do "Seminário Permanente Nietzscheano" e colaborador do "Internationale Nietzscheforschungsgruppe Stuttgart". Suas principais áreas de especialização acadêmica são Filosofia Ocidental Moderna e Contemporânea; História e Filosofia da Ciência; Epistemologia e Antropologia Filosófica. Dentro destas áreas, Pietro Gori dedicou seus trabalhos principalmente aos representantes de uma virada antifundacionalista na filosofia, onde destacam-se Ernst Mach, Friedrich Nietzsche e William James. Sobre esses temas, entre as numerosas publicações de Pietro Gori, em 2019 foi publicado o livro Nietzsche’s Pragmatism. A Study on Perspectival Thought (De Gruyter).
PORNOGRAFIA, SUBJETIVIDADE E VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO
Authors: Monteiro Laís Landes , Vianna Alexandra Gouvêa
Published: November 2021

Resumo: Propondo uma crítica ao discurso da pornografia como forma de libertação sexual, o presente estudo busca evidenciar, a partir de uma perspectiva psicanalítica, o papel da pornografia mainstream na construção de desejos, discursos e subjetividades. Para tanto, buscou-se analisar, por meio de revisão de literatura, o sexismo, a dominação masculina nessa indústria pornográfica e a consequente produção de estereótipos de gênero e padrões de comportamentos opressores. Visando entender também a relação de causalidade entre esse tipo de pornografia e violência de gênero, foram observadas pesquisas estatísticas que correlacionam o consumo de pornografia e comportamentos sexuais violentos. O presente artigo expõe os impactos subjetivos da pornografia mainstream por meio de seus discursos implícitos e, portanto, compreende-a como mais uma das formas de violência física e simbólica contra a mulher.Palavras-chave: Pornografia. Sexualidade. Subjetividade. Violência de gênero.Abstract: Proposing to criticize the pornographic speech as a form of sexual liberation, the present study aims to highlight, from a psychoanalytic perspective, the role of mainstream pornography in the construction of desires, discourses and subjectivities. To this end, we sought to analyze, through literature review, the sexism, the male domination in this pornographic industry and the consequent production of gender stereotypes and patterns of oppressive behaviors. In order to also understand the causality between this kind of pornography and gender-based violence, data and statistical research correlating the consumption of pornography and violent sexual behavior were investigated. This article exposes the subjective impacts of mainstream pornography through its implicit discourses and, therefore, understands pornography as a form of physical and symbolic violence against women.Keywords: Pornography. Sexuality. Subjectivity. Gender Violence.
VAGINA DA ARTISTA - PERFORMANCE FEMINISTA EM POÉTICAS DE DUAS ARTISTAS MULHERES
Authors: Lucia Renata Andrea  de Lucia Santana , Baliscei João Paulo
Published: November 2021

Resumo: O artigo tem como objetivo problematizar a performance enquanto prática artística que promove a resistência, a pluralidade e a diferença, discutindo como ela pode favorecer aspectos educativos. Apresenta o conceito de performance em seus aspectos históricos, antropológicos e artísticos, bem como a performance autobiográfica, que possibilita o resgate de experiências pessoais, memórias coletivas e, no recorte apontado aqui, o exercício do ativismo feminista. Aborda aspectos do movimento feminista e analisa performances de duas artistas mulheres e feministas: a artista norte-americana Carolee Schneemann e a artista brasileira Panmela Castro. Por fim, avalia o caminho evocado pela performance como viável ao estabelecimento de estratégias de resistência e sensibilização por meio da experiência artística compartilhada entre performer e espectadoras. Ademais, aponta a performance como alternativa para instigar o pensamento crítico, a liberdade e a criação de possibilidades de transformações no âmbito pessoal e coletivo, por meio de ações que abordam temáticas identitárias que refletem as lutas de movimentos sociais, como o movimento feminista, movimento negro e movimento LGBTQI+.Palavras-chave: Arte contemporânea. Performance. Performance autobiográfica. Feminismo. Mulheres artistas. Abstract: The article aims to problematize performance as an artistic practice that promotes resistance, plurality and difference, discussing how it (the performance) can favor educational aspects. This paper presents the concept of performance in its historical, anthropological and artistic aspects, as well as the autobiographical performance, which enables the recovery of personal experiences, collective memories, and, in the clipping pointed here, the exercise of feminist activism. The article also addresses aspects of the feminist movement and analyzes the performances of two women and feminist artists: US artist Carolee Schneemann and Brazilian artist Pammela Castro. Finally, it evaluates the path evoked by the performance as feasible for the establishment of resistance and sensitization strategies through the shared artistic experience between performer and spectators. In addition, the article points to performance as an alternative to instigate critical thinking, freedom, and the creation of possibilities for transformations at both the personal and collective levels, through actions that address identity themes which reflect the struggles of social movements, such as the feminist movement, the black movement, and the “LGBTQI+” movement.Keywords: Contemporary art. Performance. Autobiographical Performance. Feminism. Women Artists.
História de mulheres negras, professoras, ex-cotistas e suas memórias de infância e de adolescência na escola
Authors: Da Silva Kelly , Ferrari Anderson
Published: November 2021

De uma pesquisa mais abrangente com mulheres negras nos seus processos de formação docente, como cotistas de uma universidade pública estadual, selecionamos dois pontos para analisar: suas histórias de vida e trajetórias escolares na infância e na adolescência. Nossa pretensão é pensar que a constituição dessas mulheres negras professoras antecede a formação inicial. Nesse sentido, queremos explorar a discussão interseccional entre gênero, raça a partir da perspectiva pós-estruturalista que considera que somos sujeitos resultados de discursos. Vamos trabalhar com cinco mulheres negras professoras e ex-cotistas da primeira turma de Pedagogia, a partir da política de cotas, assumindo a entrevista narrativa como procedimento metodológico que aciona memórias e conhecimentos sobre si.
Caminhos históricos da coeducação: reflexões sobre misturas e separações durante o isolamento
Authors: Auad Daniela
Published: November 2021

O artigo focaliza a questão da escola mista no Brasil da segunda metade do século XIX até o século XX. Mistura ou separação de meninas e meninos no ambiente escolar gerou – e ainda gera – debates entre diversos atores da cena educacional e variados setores da sociedade, que em diferentes momentos históricos se ocuparam – e ainda se ocupam – do que sempre esteve no interior das escolas: as relações de gênero. Variadas pesquisas, jornais pedagógicos, decretos da Coleção de Leis do Império, além de ofícios e correspondências entre professores, são fontes que retratam esta temática tanto histórica como atual e necessária. As pesquisas e documentos evidenciam a partir dos diferentes ideais de escolarização, modelos de sociedade em disputa.
O currículo de história num contexto pós-moderno: uma síntese dialética da relação sujeito-saber
Authors: Gomes Raimundo Wagner Gonçalves de Medeiros , Tamanini Paulo Augusto
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho aborda a relação entre os sujeitos e os saberes que perfazem o currículo do ensino de história.  A pesquisa toma como pano de fundo a perspectiva pós-moderna de sujeito visando a necessidade de pensar o currículo como espaço de disputas (Moreira e Silva, 1995) e, consequentemente, ter no ensino de história um lugar de apropriação epistemológica de sua condição histórica. Para tanto, fundamenta-se teoricamente em (Gabriel e Moreira, 2014), quando este trata dos conceitos de ensino de história como um campo de conhecimento com características epistemológicas próprias do contexto escolar. Nessa perspectiva, demonstrar-se-á a necessidade de o ensino de história convergir para sua prática pedagógica as contribuições da epistemologia e da didática (Penna, 2014) com o objetivo de afirmar sua função social.
Práticas escolares e poder disciplinar: relato de uma observação participante à luz do pensamento de Michel Foucault
Authors: Magalhães Sandy Aparecida Barbosa , Nascimento Rafael Baioni do
Published: November 2021

Este artigo decorre de um estudo produzido a partir das práticas normativas observadas no cotidiano da escola. Dispõe por objetivo identificar quais e como os processos disciplinares de normalização são postos em movimento nas práticas pedagógicas de professores/as e gestores/as que atuam na educação escolar, tendo por subsídio os estudos do filósofo Michel Foucault. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa de campo de natureza qualitativa, tendo por lócus uma Escola Pública do Município de Montes Claros-MG. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, fizemos uso do método da observação participante. Durante nosso caminho investigativo, foi possível verificarmos algumas das maneiras por meio das quais a escola exerce constante vigilância e intervenção sobre os corpos, mediante vários dispositivos de poder em funcionamento em suas práticas diárias.
Tradução no ensino-aprendizagem da segunda língua
Authors: Estanislau Renata Beatriz Freitas
Published: November 2021

A metodologia descreve a forma de abordagem de um trabalho. O grammar-translation é uma dessas abordagens para o ensino de idiomas. O foco desse método repousa na tradução de textos literários, permitindo que os aprendizes comparassem os dois idiomas. Entretanto, com as novas organizações da sociedade, outras abordagens de ensino foram surgindo. Atualmente, uma metodologia que preza pela tradução e comparação entre dois idiomas é vista pelos docentes como prejudicial para o aprendizado. Contudo, a tradução pode ser uma ferramenta útil e eficaz para o processo de ensino-aprendizado. O presente artigo é um debate acerca das características da tradução e como ela pode ser utilizada em sala de aula.
Linguagem audiovisual e uso didático de recursos digitais na formação de professores e ciências
Authors: Cunha Pedro De Almeida , Martins Bianca Maria Rêgo , Santori Ricardo Tadeu , Almeida Veronica Eloi de
Published: November 2021

A partir de oficinas de videoaulas docentes em formação desenvolveram uma produção audiovisual utilizando ferramentas tecnológicas cotidianas acessíveis e de baixo custo como um meio de interação ensino e aprendizagem. A implementação de uma atividade, ministrada remotamente, através de ações práticas e enfoques metodológicos ativos, em duas disciplinas de uma licenciatura de ciências biológicas, em uma universidade pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, embasando-se em múltiplas referências, proporcionou uma vivência didática por meio de metodologias pautadas em tecnologias e atenta a cuidados a considerar ao utilizar tais ferramentas, sempre renovadas a partir do avanço tecnológico e demandas da sociedade.
The Seven-year Journey of an Ectopic Canine: Multidisciplinary Management of a Dentigerous Cyst in the Early Mixed Dentition
Authors: Colloc Thibault , Morrison Roderick , Burrell Mark , Larmour Colin
Published: November 2021

The Aberdeen Royal Infirmary oral and maxillofacial surgery department is involved in the joint planning of cases with the orthodontic and restorative departments of the Aberdeen Dental Hospital to agree an optimal treatment plan for patients, with input from all three specialties. A 7-year-old girl was referred to the orthodontic department by her GDP due to non-eruption of the upper left central incisor. This was related to an associated dentigerous cyst. This presentation illustrates the phases of treatment involving marsupialization of the dentigerous cyst; surgical extraction and orthodontic treatment in order to provide the patient with the optimal outcome for her dentition. A retrospective assessment of the case is presented through photographs and radiological imaging outlining the chronology of the treatment and the outcome of marsupialization of the dentigerous cyst. It highlights this more conservative surgical approach as giving the best chances of preserving unerupted teeth in a younger patient. Marsupialization of a dentigerous cyst associated with UL1 and conservative management of cystic pathology led to preservation and natural mesial eruption of UL3 into the position of UL1. The unerupted UL1 associated with cystic pathology was extracted due to its ectopic position and root dilaceration. Seven years after diagnosis of the dentigerous cyst associated with the unerupted UL1, surgical and orthodontic management has facilitated the for patients tooth to erupt into the UL1 position. Restorative treatment is being planned following orthodontic treatment to restore for patients tooth to simulate the missing UL1.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case encourages the appropriate referral of young patients with dentigerous cysts to achieve a satisfactory outcome.
Crossref Annual Meeting LIVE21
Authors:   Crossref, Pentz Ed , Hendricks Ginny , Vickery Bryan , Ofiesh Lucy , Bilder Geoffrey
Published: November 2021

The Crossref annual meeting and board election took place on November 9th, 2021,
online. The outputs include slide deck, transcript of Q&A, recording, and recording
transcript (all in English). The content includes strategic updates from our
leadership team as well as the results of the board election.
Resuming elective orthopaedic services during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chuntamongkol Rongkagorn , Meen Rebekah , Nash Sophie , Ohly Nicholas E. , Clarke Jon , Holloway Nicholas
Published: November 2021

Aims

The aim of this study was to surveil whether the standard operating procedure created for the NHS Golden Jubilee sufficiently managed COVID-19 risk to allow safe resumption of elective orthopaedic surgery.

Methods

This was a prospective study of all elective orthopaedic patients within an elective unit running a green pathway at a COVID-19 light site. Rates of preoperative and 30-day postoperative COVID-19 symptoms or infection were examined for a period of 40 weeks. The unit resumed elective orthopaedic services on 29 June 2020 at a reduced capacity for a limited number of day-case procedures with strict patient selection criteria, increasing to full service on 29 August 2020 with no patient selection criteria.

Results

A total of 2,373 cases were planned in the 40-week study period. Surgery was cancelled in 59 cases, six (10.2%) of which were due to having a positive preoperative COVID-19 screening test result. Of the remaining 2,314, 996 (43%) were male and 1,318 (57%) were female. The median age was 67 years (interquartile range 59.2 to 74.6). The median American Society of Anesthesiologists grade was 2. Hip and knee arthroplasties accounted for the majority of the operations (76%). Six patients tested positive for COVID-19 preoperatively (0.25%) and 39 patients were tested for COVID-19 within 30 days after discharge, with only five patients testing positive (0.22%).

Conclusion

Through strict application of a COVID-19 green pathway, elective orthopaedic surgery could be safely delivered to a large number of patients with no selection criteria. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(11):951–957.
Orientalism and the application of international law in the 2003 Iraq War and occupation
Authors: Nouri Bamo
Published: November 2021

This paper contemplates the impact of orientalist discourse on the application of international law, with a focus on the 2003 US occupation of Iraq. The emphasis of the paper is on how international law failed to protect Iraqis from imperial US decision-making, and served US elites to the detriment of Iraqis – something which international law specifically aims to prevent. The paper argues that knowledge production in the form of orientalist discourse played a crucial role in legitimizing and expanding the meaning and application of regulations during the occupation of Iraq, served the interests of the occupiers, and led to regular violations of international law.
Numerical investigations into polarization-induced self-powered GaN-based MSM photodetectors
Authors: Wang Jiaxing , Chu Chunshuang , Che Jiamang , Shao Hua , Zhang Yonghui , Sun Xiaojuan , Zhang Zi-Hui , Li Dabing
Published: November 2021

Traditional GaN-based metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector (PD) features a symmetric structure, and thus a poor lateral carrier transport can be encountered, which can decrease the photocurrent and responsivity. To improve its photoelectric performance, we propose GaN-based MSM photodetectors with an AlGaN polarization layer structure on the GaN absorption layer. By using the AlGaN polarization layer, the electric field in the metal/GaN Schottky junction can be replaced by the electric fields in the metal/AlGaN Schottky junction and the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction. The increased polarization electric field can enhance the transport for the photogenerated carriers. More importantly, such polarization electric field cannot be easily screened by free carriers, thus showing the detectability for the even stronger illumination intensity. Moreover, we also conduct in-depth parametric investigations into the impact of different designs on the photocurrent and the responsivity. Hence, device physics regarding such proposed MSM PDs has been summarized.