bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Adaptable Ontology for Easy and Efficient University Data Management in Niger Delta University
Authors: Iniakpokeikiye Thompson , Fawei Biralatei
Published: May 2022

The structure, variety and quantity of some current web content are limited in efficient exploration due to difficulty in searching and locating a specific content.  A case is the Niger Delta University where there is no unified online structure holding relevant university data. This is because there is no common data model to manage the data for which such query can easily be interpreted semantically. Therefore, this paper presents the application of semantic web technology for the unification of university data management. This research prepares the ground for the advent of software agents and other applications that require structured data for their computational processes. The ontology development follows an iterative path of the Object-Oriented System Analysis and Design (OOSAD) methodology. SPARQL was used as the query language for testing the ontology. The result is a semantically structured data that is deployable and can be expanded and adapted in other institutions.
Design of Class Routine and Exam Hall Invigilation System based on Genetic Algorithm and Greedy Approach
Authors: Prosad Ratul , Khan Md. Ashikur Rahman , Ahammad Ishtiaq
Published: May 2022

A classroom routine is nothing more than a well-practiced respond to a teacher's instruction. Most universities handle this allocation process with a manual procedure. The manual procedure gives various challenges and is inclined to mistakes. A better approach to reliably schedule class routine is to utilize a computer assisted web-based system. Therefore, in this work, focus is given on creating automatic class routines with teacher’s requirements. This work mainly consists of two parts, named Admin panel and User panel. In admin panel, we get some information like courses information, teacher’s information, room’s information etc. We can Update, Delete & Add this information. A class routine is then created based on these fields. In user panel, we get all of information about courses, associated teacher and rooms. In this panel we can see all this information & routine. Routine can be constructed by days, teacher’s and semester wise. We create this application by utilizing genetic algorithm, and implemented by using Python language. Exam Hall Invigilation is another aspect which still most universities handle manually. Therefore, an automatic Exam Hall Invigilation Management System is also developed in this work. We propose an improved algorithm to achieve automatic examination arrangement for invigilator based on greedy method. The system can configure to allocate any numbers of invigilators in different examination halls in such a way that each invigilator will get equal number of duties. This algorithm has written and implemented in Java-script language.
Isolation and Characterization of Microbes of Different Kinds of Street Food and Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Isolates
Authors: Manasa Reddy Krishna , Thomas Anitha
Published: May 2022

Aim: Improper personal hygiene can facilitate the transmission of the pathogenic microorganisms found in environment and on people’s hands via food to humans. The present study was undertaken to investigate the microbiological quality of different street food and determining the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated microorganisms.

Study Design: Collection of food samples for isolation of Pathogenic Microorganisms, to identify them by using Biochemical test, molecular test (16sr RNA typing), Antibiotic susceptibility was done by using different antibiotics against the isolates.

Place and Duration of Study: Food samples were collected from street vendors of Sainkpuri area, work was done from December 2020 to April 2021 at Microbiology Department, St. Francis College for Women, Hyderabad.

Methodology: Five samples of street food were collected in sterilized bottles, tested for the presence of microorganisms by following standard microbiological method used for isolation of microorganisms. The organisms were identified by carrying out various biochemical test according to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The Molecular characterization was done based on 16sr RNA typing. Determining the sensitivity of the isolates against different Antibiotics by employing Kirby Bauer technique.

Results: The organisms isolated from Manchuria and Ragada samples: Lactobacillus delbrueckii; Lactobacillus casei, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterococcus faecalis and Vibrio spp respectively; Samosa and bonda: Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Pantoea dispersa; Pani puri water: Staphylococcus aureus and Providencia vermicola. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that most of the isolated microorganisms were sensitive to Ciproflaxin.

Conclusion: Hence the quality of street food is found to be low due to following factor: lack hygiene conditions in the food preparation, ingredients may also affect quality of the food, and presence of air borne microorganisms in the surrounding areas of service points.
Assessment of Water Contamination at Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site, Jawaharnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Authors: Rao P. N. , Reddy A. G. S. , Kumar G. Ravi , Babu T. Raja , Prasad K. Maruti , Madhusudhan B. J.
Published: May 2022

The impact of uncontrolled municipal solid waste disposal of 3800 tons per day on surface and groundwater downstream of the Jawaharnagar dumping site was studied. The un-engineered solid waste dumping yard site spreading over about 300 hectares (ha) is located on topographic high (hillock) and falls in Madyala stream and Dammaiguda watersheds of Musi sub-basin. Granites of the Archaean age underlie the area. Both surface and groundwater samples, collected covering hydrological cycles of 2011and 2012, were analyzed for major chemical constituents. Fifteen samples belonging to both seasons of 2012 were tested for BOD, COD, and TOC. The mean values of some tested chemical constituents of surface water samples (15) were - EC 13066 m S/cm, TH 753, Na+ 813, K+ 530, HCO3- 978, Cl- 1304, and NO3- 262 (all in mg/l), which prove that tanks and stream near the dump yard were pools of leachate. The average values of contaminated groundwater samples among the four sampled sessions (17) indicate EC was above 5000 m S/cm, TH 1624, Cl- 1502, and SO42- 284(all in mg/l), which were found much above the threshold values. Very high TOC (mean SW 241; GW 154 mg/l), BOD (5410; 117), and COD (6427; 176) content in both surface (SW) and groundwater (GW) samples indicate the presence of organic pollutants sourced from domestic waste dumps. Wide temporal and spatial variability in the concentration of many ion species could be due to rainfall deviation, point source changes, and heterogeneous fracture patterns. Low resistivity values (5 to 25 ohm.m) at a distance of 4 km from the dumping site and high infiltration rate (29 cm/hr) at the Madyala stream indicate hydrological features controlled the mass flux. The chloride-sulphate alkaline-earth water facies, K+:Mg2+ and BOD/COD ratios demonstrate apart from anthropogenic input water-rock interaction and evapotranspiration governed the evolution of water chemistry. The study supports the hypothesis that solid waste dumps, which attained the methanogenic phase, were a point source of pollution that generates leachate and dissipates contaminants to the aquatic environment through preferred pathways influenced by factors like soils, topography, aquifer hydraulics, and contaminant kinetics.
Assessment of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids on Growth and Yield under Agro-climatic Conditions of Prayagraj, U. P.
Authors: Kumar K. Yatheesh , Singh Vikram , Singh Shrish Kumar , George Shruti Grace
Published: May 2022

An area test become performed for the duration of An season of 2021 on the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sharif Agricultural Institute, Main, SHUTS (U.P.) to observe the assessment of rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids on growth, yield and economics below agro-climatic situations of Prayagraj, U.P. The test become finished to discover the overall performance of 10 hybrids, this specified in Randomized Block Design (RBD) & replicated thrice. The test locating discovered that rice hybrid UR-34 finished higher in comparison to different hybrids i.e. plant height (120.37 cm), tillers /hill (14.20 No.), dry weight (53.33 g/plant), grain yield (28.14 g/hill), grain yield (6.34 t/ha), straw yield (12.26 t/ha), harvest index (40. 63 %), have been observed extensively better than different hybrids respectively.
Impact of Plant Growth Regulators and Organic Manures on Performance of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Ruchitha Mudham , Mehera Biswarup
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Autumn Season 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments plant growth regulators and organic manures and replicated thrice. The treatments were T1: Gibberellic acid(GA) at40 mg L-1 + farm yard manure (FYM) at2.5 ton ha-1, T2: GA at40 mg L-1 + Vermicompost (VC) at1.6 ton ha-1, T3: GA at40 mg L-1 + Poultry manure(PM) at0.6 ton ha-1, T4: Indole acetic acid(IAA) at500 mg L-1 +   FYM at2.5 ton ha-1 , T5: IAA at500 mg L-1 + VC at1.6 ton ha-1, T6: IAA at500 mg L-1 + (PM) at0.6 ton ha-1, T7: Salicylic Acid(SA) at150 mg L-1 + FYM at2.5 ton ha-1, T8: SA at150 mg L-1 +  VC at1.6 ton ha-1, T9: SA at150 mg L-1 +  (PM) at 0.6 ton ha-1 were used. The results showed that application of T6 recorded significantly higher plant height, nodules/Plant, No. of Branches/plant, Plant dry weight, Pods/plant, Seeds/pod, Test weight, Seed yield, Haulm yield and Harvest index  as compared to other treatments.
Effect of Foliar Spray of Nitrogen and NAA on Growth and Yield Traits of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Kaveri Kuruva , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif (wet) season 2021 at experimental field of the Crop Research Farm, SHUATS, Praygraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with twelve treatments replicated thrice on the basis of one year experimentation on sandy loam soil. To determine the “Effect of foliar application of nitrogen and NAA on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.). The treatments consisted of three levels of Urea spray – 1.0 %, 1.5% and 2.0% and Four levels of Plant growth regulator [NAA] spray – 0ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm and 75 ppm. The Treatments were applied as Foliar spray after 20 and 40 days after sowing. The results showed that treatment with the application of Nitrogen (Urea) 2.0% + NAA at 25 ppm recorded significantly higher plant height (53.80 cm), number of branches (7.27), dry weight (39.10 g/plant), However, Maximum number of pods plant-1 (16.93), number of seeds pod-1 (14.33), pod dry weight (4.17 g), Seed index (18.42 g), seed yield (1436.26 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (2651.97kg ha-1) were also recorded in the same treatment with the application of Nitrogen 2.0% + NAA at 25 ppm.
Meningococcal Meningitis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review
Authors: Raysoni Amit U.
Published: May 2022

The scourge of Meningococcal Meningitis in the Sub-Saharan African nations is well known. This review paper focuses on this very important topic and describes the symptoms, diagnoses, and available vaccines for the same. The review then focuses on the Meningitis Belt of Africa and elucidates on the introduction of MenAfriVac™ vaccine. The review ends with the success of this vaccine and the future of Meningococcal Meningitis in the context of overall global climate change.
Adsorbents Used for Removal of Mercury from Aqueous Solutions: A Review
Authors: Aljohani Meshari M. , Makki Abdullah A. , Alqarni Adel A. , Albalawi Khalid A. , Albalawi Asim S. , Alharbi Mousa J. , Al-Aoh Hatem A. , Mustafa Syed Khalid
Published: May 2022

A lot of Researchers have addressed removing mercury as a pollutant from the wastewaters of several industries. Heavy metals are being removed from wastewater through adsorption on activated carbon, which is becoming additional popular. Although commercial activated carbon is the ideal adsorbent for pollutant elimination, its extensive usage is limited because of its high cost, encouraging researchers to explore alternative effective and low-cost adsorbents. These include activated carbon, polymers, nanoparticles, and low-cost adsorbents. For the remediation of water from mercury, polymers, as well as nanoparticles, which are very effective adsorbents, can be employed. According to a literature review of the most recently published research, polymers and nanoparticles have exhibited exceptional mercury removal capabilities. The present study reviews the different works in which the different adsorbents materials were used to eliminate mercury in the solutions.
Phytochemical Investigation and Antidiabetic Activity of Herbal Formulation of Ougeinia oojeinensis Plant Extracts
Authors: Rai Dhananjay , Soni Vishal
Published: May 2022

The goal of this study was to assess the antidiabetic potential of produced herbal formulations of Ougeinia oojeinensis plant extracts. The results show that phospholipids complex-based drug delivery systems have a lot of promise for increasing the in-vivo antidiabetic activity of plant extracts. The phospholipids complex has a relationship with different physicochemical properties such as size and entrapment effectiveness. In compared to hydroalcoholic extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg), an improved phospholipids complex formulation can provide a substantial antidiabetic effect at a lower dose (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg). At a lower dosage than the hydroalcoholic extract, the extracts improved lipid profile and body weight. As a result, the dosage efficacy ratio was enhanced by using phospholipids complex formulation. The histological alterations of the pancreas and kidney in streptozotocin-nicotinamide caused diabetes were also prevented by an optimised phospholipids complex formulation of Ougeinia oojeinensis extract. As a result, the current investigation found that Ougeinia oojeinensis extract might be beneficial in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with aberrant lipid profiles.
Screening of the Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Some Plants Collected from the City of Narafominsk, Moscow, Russia
Authors: Arsene Mbarga M. J. , Viktorovna Podoprigora I. , Parfait Kezimana , Rehailia Manar , Andreevna Smolyakova L. , Sarra Souadkia , Vyacheslavovna Yashina N. , Alekseevna Kulikova A. , Davares Anyutoulou K. L. , Khelifi Ibrahim , Dimitri Ndandja T. K. , Kavhiza Nyasha
Published: May 2022

Background:  The antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants, including those from Russian flora, can be a considerable asset in the fight against antibiotic resistance and the search for new antimicrobials. The present work aimed at assessing the antimicrobial properties of plants collected from the Narafominsk's flora, a city located on the outskirts of Moscow, Russia.

Methods: The plants were collected from June to August 2021, the extraction was carried out with water as a solvent and the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested on 3 referenced microorganisms from the American Type Culture Collection (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231). We determined the inhibition diameters by the well diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) & minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) by the microbroth dilution method.

Results: A total of 59 samples from 33 plants were extracted and included 44.1% of leaves (n=26), 32.2% of flowers (n=19), 8.5% of barks (n=5), 5.1% of whole plant (n =3) and 1 stem and 1 root (1.7%). Inhibition diameters ranged from 0 to 28 mm, MICs and MBCs from 0.5<  to  >128 mg/ml. 69.49% (n=41) of the plants showed an inhibition diameter greater than zero (>0 mm) against S. aureus, 42.37% (n=25) against E. coli and only 23.72% (n=14) against C. albicans. The plant parts ranked in decrease order of antimicrobial activity were as follows: flower < bark < leaf < whole plant < root < stem < fruit. The plants having shown a noteworthy antimicrobial (MIC ≤0.5 mg/ml) activity against at least 1/3 microorganisms tested and which deserve to be investigated in depth were: flowers of Epilobium angustifolium, Spirea japonica, Heracleum mantegazzianum and Saponaria officinalis, bark of Picea abies and the whole plant extract of Rumex obtusifolius. The second group (1≤ MIC ≤ 4 mg/ml) of plants with no less worthy antimicrobial abilities were flowers of Angelica sylvestris, Arctium minus, Centaurea jacea, Convallaria majalis, Melampyrum nemorosum and Physocarpus opulifolius, leaf of Achillea millefolium and Heracleum mantegazzianum, and bark of Quesrcus robur.

Conclusion: Flower extracts of Epilobium angustifolium, Spirea japonica, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Saponaria officinalis against are highly recommended for further studies since they presented the best MIC and inhibitions diameters.
Demographic Profile of Patients with Corneal Blindness at Tertiary Health Care Centre
Authors: Wagh Vishal , Tidake Pravin
Published: May 2022

Objective: To study the etiopathogenesis, age, gender distribution and visual impairment due to corneal blindness in a tertiary health care centre. In addition, to create awareness for eye donation among the population.

Methods: The study was a cross sectional study conducted at a university hospital. Patients who arrived at the outpatient department while the study was ongoing had their demographic profiles recorded. Corneal blindness was defined by presenting a VA 3/60 by corneal disease in the affected eye. The experts made the diagnosis. 56 patients of both gender and age were included in study.

Results: The prevalence of corneal blindness was found to more in men than women were and is more in patients with age >50 and < 10 years. The prevalence is more in rural population than urban among which farmer are most involved

Conclusion: To decrease the burden of the corneal blindness patient in developing countries like India, there is need of educating the population about preventive measures and development and modernisation of ophthalmic centres.
Oxigenoterapia em pacientes com deficiência do sistema respiratório por obstrução crônica aos fluxos aéreos com ou sem hipercapnia
Authors: Santana Soraia Leticia , Da Silva e Silva Cássio Magalhães
Published: May 2022

Introdução: a deficiência no sistema por obstrução crônica aos fluxos aéreos é uma doença caracterizada por inflamação, associada a alterações anatômicas e fisiológicas, podendo ocasionar exacerbações respiratórias. A oxigenoterapia tem sido uma alternativa usada em pacientes que possuem insuficiência respiratória decorrente da obstrução crônica, como tentativa de diminuir os sintomas e as complicações geradas. Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos da oxigenoterapia em pacientes com deficiência do sistema respiratório por obstrução crônica, com e sem hipercapnia, quanto aos desfechos pressão parcial de oxigênio, frequência respiratória, tempo de internamento e qualidade de vida.Metodologia: revisão de ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados (ECR) nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane e PEDro. Incluídos estudos originais que utilizaram a oxigenoterapia como intervenção em pacientes com deficiência do sistema respiratório por obstrução crônica aos fluxos aéreos ou que outras síndromes. Resultados: na busca realizada nas bases de dados foram identificados um total de 387 estudos, reduzindo para 87 quando aplicado o descritor “ensaio clínico” e 7 estudos foram incluídos  publicados entre os anos de 2004 e 2019. Conclusão: A oxigenoterapia mostrou-se incremento da pressão parcial de oxigênio, frequência respiratória e redução do tempo de internamento com impactos na melhora da qualidade de vida.
Processamento e conservação de enxertos de pele
Authors: De Andrade Claudia Roberta , Da Silva Jean Breno Silveira , Lino Leticia Araujo
Published: May 2022

Introdução: o uso de substitutos cutâneos para o tratamento de diversas feridas graves é uma forma eficiente de prevenir infecções e favorecer o processo de reepitelização. No entanto, tecidos biológicos estão suscetíveis a degradação e contaminação. Por isso, devem ser submetidos a rigorosos protocolos de processamento e testes que comprovem suas contribuições benéficas e segurança de aplicação. Objetivo: trazer uma abordagem sobre as principais características dos métodos de criopreservação, glicerolização e liofilização e sua consequencia nos aspectos imunológicos, microbiológicos e de viabilidade tecidual de enxertos de pele humana. Metodologia: foi realizada uma busca online utilizando as palavras chaves “criopreservação”, “liofilização”, “glicerolização”, “enxertos”, “processamento tecidual” e “engenharia dos tecidos” em múltiplas combinações nos bancos de dados PubMed, LILACS e ScienceDirect. Resultados: 200 artigos científicos foram obtidos, 26 excluídos por duplicidade, 92 selecionados para leitura integral a partir da leitura de seus resumos e 27 utilizados na construção desta revisão. A liofilização e a glicerolização são métodos semelhantes considerando a viabilidade tecidual. O uso de glicerol traz como principal desvantagem sua citotoxicidade quando comparado aos outros métodos. A criopreservação mantém os tecidos viáveis. Contudo, pode ser mais cara e trazer riscos de transmissão de microorganismos patogênicos. De modo geral, não é bem estabelecido quais os melhores métodos de conservação para uma adequada conservação da viabilidade dos enxertos de pele. Considerações Finais: os 3 métodos, liofilização, glicerolização e criopreservação, possuem aplicabilidade na conservação de enxertos. A falta de padronização na aplicação de enxertos apesar de sua frequente aplicação e a escassez de estudos recentes sobre o tema justificam o presente estudo.
Structural similarity between thyroid peroxidase [Homo sapiens] and SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein
Authors: De Oliveira Andrade Luis Jesuino , Correia Matos de Oliveira Luisa , Vinhaes Bittencourt Alcina Maria , Correia Matos de Oliveira Gabriela
Published: May 2022

Introduction: there are reports of autoimmune disease related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) such neurological syndromes and hematological syndromes, and more recently autoimmune thyroid dysfunctions have been described. These reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2 acts as a probable trigger for triggering the autoimmunity process. Aim: to evaluate structural similarity between thyroid peroxidase [Homo sapiens] (TPO) and SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (COVID-19), and to propose this similarity as a likely trigger for autoimmune thyroiditis. Methodology: using bioinformatics tools, we compare the amino acids (AA) sequences between protein structure of TPO and chain A COVID-19, chain B COVID-19, and chain C COVID-19, accessible in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool in order to locate the homologous regions between the sequences of AA. Results: the homology sequence between the TPO and COVID-19 ranged from 27.0 % (10 identical residues out of 37 AA in the sequence) to 56.0% (5 identical residues out of 9 AA in the sequence). The similar alignments demonstrated relatively high E values in function of short alignment. Conclusion: data suggest a possible pathological link between TPO and COVID-19. The structural similarity of AA sequences between TPO and COVID-19 may present a molecular mimicry suggesting the possibility of antigen crossover between TPO and COVID-19 that might represent an immunological basis for autoimmune thyroiditis associated with COVID-19.
Follow-up do desenvolvimento motor de prematuros
Authors: Trubian Fernanda , Zimmermann Milena , Sangali Caroline Cenci , Winck Aline Dill , De Souza Vandrea Carla , Saccani Raquel
Published: May 2022

Introdução: a avaliação e intervenção motora possibilitam minimizar os atrasos no desenvolvimento motor de crianças prematuras. Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento motor de crianças prematuras, de 0 a 12 meses de idade corrigida, após intervenção baseada em orientações aos pais. Metodologia: a amostra foi composta por 43 bebês nascidos prematuros e para avaliação do desempenho motor foi utilizada a Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), além de dois questionários qualitativos para identificação e controle dos fatores de risco. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva e os testes de Wilcoxon e McNemar para analisar as mudanças ao longo do tempo (p < 0,05). Resultados: através do follow-up, após as orientações aos pais, o número de bebês que apresentavam desempenho motor abaixo do esperado foi reduzido. Os percentis obtidos no desempenho motor nos dois momentos avaliativos indicam que houve melhora ao longo do tempo (p = 0,05), assim como os dados referentes à categorização (p = 0,04). Conclusões: é importante o acompanhamento e identificação da influência dos fatores de risco sobre os bebês para que medidas interventivas possam ser implementadas precocemente, sendo o modelo baseado em orientações um método de baixo custo e de fácil aplicabilidade em serviços públicos de saúde.
Resistência das populações de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Insecta, Diptera, Culicidae) aos inseticidas utilizados para o controle
Authors: Vargas Luciana Dias Lemes , Ferreira Silvana Margarida Benevides , Souza Marcelo Dias , Silva Cristhiane Almeida Leite da , Shimoya-bittencourt Walkiria
Published: May 2022

Introdução: cerca de quatro bilhões de pessoas residem em áreas com risco de dengue, uma arbovirose transmitida pelo mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Insecta, Diptera, Culicidae). Na tentativa de combater esse vetor e reduzir a disseminação da dengue, o meio de controle vetorial frequentemente utilizado são os inseticidas. Entretanto, o uso indiscriminado destes no controle do mosquito está relacionado aos mecanismos de resistência desse vetor. Objetivo: mapear as evidências científicas relacionadas à resistência do mosquito A. aegypti aos inseticidas utilizados para o controle populacional. Metodologia: revisão de escopo, segundo metodologia Instituto Joana Briggs, em bases de dados indexadas: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde.  Através do mnemônico PCC (população, conceito e contexto), elaborou-se a estratégia de busca utilizando descritores do Decs e Mesh. Resultados: foram encontrados 1.631 estudos sobre a temática. Após critérios de elegibilidade e seleção, foram incluídos 30 estudos específicos sobre resistência do Aedes aegypti a inseticidas foram incluídos na revisão. A maior parte tratou de forma experimental e 28 (93,3%) estudos trabalharam o controle químico. Em relação à resistência a inseticidas, em 20 estudos (66,6%) constatou-se resistência metabólica e em 9 (30%) a resistência mediada pela alteração da variabilidade genética. Os estudos que observaram mutação não deixam claro se a mutação gênica é especificamente devido à ação mutagênica aos inseticidas. Conclusões: o A. aegypti desenvolve adaptações que lhe conferem resistência aos inseticidas, sendo que esses mecanismos de resistência estão relacionados à variabilidade genética e a adaptações metabólicas, que são transmitidas a seus descendentes ao longo das gerações. Assim, torna-se necessário um avanço nos estudos visando não apenas identificar e explicar os mecanismos de resistência, mas encontrar meios alternativos de manejo que possam controlar o inseto sem ocasionar resistência aos mesmos.
Incidência, fatores associados e impacto de complicações pulmonares no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca pediátrica
Authors: Dos Santos Claudiane Ferreira , Novais Michele Cristina magalhães , Carvalho Patrícia De Abreu Farias , Neto Mansueto Gomes , Correia Helena França
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: determinar a incidência, os fatores associados e o impacto das complicações pulmonares no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca pediátrica. Metodologia: estudo de coorte, prospectivo, que incluiu lactentes e crianças submetidas à cirurgia cardíaca em um hospital pediátrico, no período de novembro de 2016 a julho de 2019. Foram coletados dados dos prontuários referentes ao sexo, idade, presença de outras malformações associadas, tipo de cardiopatia, ocorrência de complicações pulmonares, tempo de ventilação mecânica (VM) e de internamento na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e óbito. Resultados: a amostra foi constituída por 111 lactentes e crianças, mediana da idade de 13 meses (7-32 meses), 54,1% do sexo feminino. Quanto ao tipo de cardiopatia, 80,2% foram cianogênicas. As complicações pulmonares ocorreram em 44,1% dos casos, sendo a mais frequente a atelectasia. A mediana do tempo de VM foi 8 horas (1-48h) e 45 (40,5%) permaneceram na VM por mais de 24h. A mediana do tempo de internamento na UTI foi de 7 dias (4-12dias). Evoluíram a óbito 7 (14,3%) pacientes. Conclusão: a amostra investigada apresentou incidência elevada de complicações pulmonares no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca.
As mudanças no processo de trabalho dos Agentes Vomunitários de Saúde no Brasil durante a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Souto Nóbrega Waleska Fernanda , Da Silva Gustavo Correia Basto , De Oliveira Milena Edite Casé , Franklin Ramonyele Gomes , Dos Santos Rayane Dantas , Cavalcanti Sérgio d'Ávila Lins Bezerra
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: analisar as mudanças no processo de trabalho do Agente Comunitário de Saúde, da Estratégia Saúde da Família, entre os anos de 2019 e 2020, em meio ao cenário da pandemia da COVID-19. Metodologia: caracteriza-se por um estudo documental, quantitativo, do tipo ecológico, de série temporal. Os dados foram coletados na base de dados do Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica. As variáveis do estudo tratam-se de dados referentes às atividades do Agente Comunitário de Saúde quanto às atividades coletivas, visitas domiciliares e os indicadores de desempenho elencados pelo sistema. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS versão 24.0, por meio de um cálculo do percentual de variação (%V) entre os anos coletados. Logo após, foi realizado o Teste T de Student para se verificar diferenças estatisticamente relevantes entre os anos avaliados (p<0,05). Resultados: quanto às atividades coletivas, houve redução significativa (p<0,001) de 51,1% entre os anos. As visitas domiciliares também apresentaram uma diminuição do percentual de variação (18,6%); já os indicadores de desempenho não demonstraram significativas mudanças. Conclusões: diante do estudado, as ações de prevenção e promoção da saúde foram as mais prejudicadas nesse cenário, sendo necessário um maior empenho do Poder Público para a melhoria desses indicadores.
Low bone mineral density in pre-menopausal women one year after gastric bypass
Authors: Silva Thalane Souza Santos , Curvello-Silva Karine Lima , Palhares-de-Oliveira Nataly Azenate , Bastos Isis Henriques de Almeida , Sousa Cláudia Daltro de , Daltro Carla
Published: May 2022

Introduction: nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes and severe weight loss after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) can promote changes in bone metabolism which may lead to a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD). Objective: to investigate the prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and factors associated with BMD in pre-menopausal women who underwent RYGB. Methodology: a cross-sectional study conducted with secondary data of patients followed-up in a specialized center for obesity treatment. Variables studied: biochemical and anthropometric data, body composition by multifrequency bioimpedance and BMD of the lumbar spine (LS), total femur (TF) and femur neck (FN) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. For statistical analysis, the SPSS® software and a 5% significance level were utilized. Results: seventy-two (72) pre-menopausal women were evaluated. Mean age, BMI and mean post-surgery time was 38.7±6.5 years, 25.8±2.5 kg/m² and 13.1±1.7 months, respectively. The prevalence of osteopenia in at least one of the densitometry sites was 13.9%, with LS being the most frequent site. A lower LS BMD was associated with greater weight loss, higher percentage of body fat before surgery and lower post-surgery serum vitamin D levels. There was a positive correlation between skeletal muscle mass index adjusted for height in the pre-surgery period and LS BMD (r=0.361; p=0.010) and TF (r=0.404; p=0.004). Conclusion: a relevant prevalence of osteopenia was detected in pre-menopausal women after RYGB, mainly in the LS.
Antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng essential oil and Carvacrol against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Authors: Alves Resende Juliana , Soares Toneto Daiane , Cruz Albuquerque Maria Claudia , Areas Bastos Kamila , Fontes Pinheiro Patricia , Drummond Costa Ignacchiti Mariana
Published: May 2022

Introduction: S. aureus and E. coli are pathogen that can cause persistent infections due to antibiotic resistance mechanisms and to its ability to adhere and form biofilm.The search for new agents from natural resources to counter microbial biofilm is an urgent priority in healthcare. Objetive: Chemical composition and antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of Plectranthus amboinicus essential oil (PAEO) and of carvacrol were investigated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Methodology: PAEO chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by disc diffusion method and broth microdilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Antibiofilm activities were investigated using 96-well plates with crystal violet assay. Results: Carvacrol (85.25%) was the major component in the PAEO. According to disc diffusion test the ability of PAEO and carvacrol for inhibition of bacteria in planktonic form was confirmed. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PAEO for S. aureus and E. coli were 0.31 and 1.25%, respectively, with bactericidal effect. Carvacrol demonstrated a significant antibacterial property (MIC = 0.31%), exhibiting bacteriostatic effect against S. aureus and bactericidal effect against E. coli. Carvacrol significantly inhibited the formation of E. coli biofilm (58.9%). Moreover, carvacrol inactivated a mature biofilm. Conclusion: The data obtained are promising, making it possible to develop new therapeutic alternatives. These results denote the potentiality of carvacrol as a source for the treatment of diseases caused by E. coli and S. aureus.
Avaliação da transferência materno-infantil de anticorpos em pacientes com síndrome antifosfolípide
Authors: Carneiro-Sampaio Magda , Freire de Carvalho Jozélio
Published: May 2022

Introdução: a síndrome antifosfolípide (SAF) é caracterizada por eventos trombóticos e perdas gestacionais de repetição sendo considerada a trombofilia adquirida mais comum. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão narrativa da passagem transplacentária de anticorpos em pacientes com SAF. Metodologia: revisão narrativa da literatura. Resultados: quando não está associada a alguma doença do tecido conectivo é dita primária e quando em associação com lúpus eritematosos sistêmico é dita secundária. A morbidade gestacional é frequente e torna-se de importância avaliar a passagem desses anticorpos transplacentariamente, desde que existem modelos animais da síndrome com transferência passiva desses anticorpos. A passagem transplacentária de anticorpos específicos já foi determinada em estudos, os quais demonstraram baixos níveis destes anticorpos no soro materno, porém uma eficiente passagemtransplacentária para o neonato. Conclusão: existem poucos estudos sobre essa passagem materno-infantil em pacientes com SAF, que são aqui revisados.
Adaptation of electrochromic glass into an airflow window system and its performance evaluation
Authors: Omodaka Yuichi , Hiyama Kyosuke , Oura Yutaka , Asaoka Yukiyasu
Published: May 2022

Airflow windows (AFWs) help to stabilize the thermal environment in the perimeter zone and also allows for switching between solar‐shielding and solar heat acquisition operations. This is based on the method of channelizing the air discharged from its cavity layer, either by using a total heat enthalpy exchanger and choosing to exchange heat or otherwise. It has a certain thickness owing to the blinds that are installed in its cavity layer. The purpose of this research is to develop a window system that uses electrochromic (EC) glass, instead of blinds, as a solar‐shielding device. This study also provides the specifications of the window system of reduced thickness. The performance of the window system is assessed by CFD analysis. The solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of the proposed window system is found to range from 0.083 to 0.268 and its solar radiation properties can be controlled in a flexible manner. These characteristics contribute to an improvement in the building environmental performance in the form of climate‐adaptive building shells (CABS) in places with four distinct seasons such as Japan that require solar‐shielding to reduce the cooling load in summer and solar heat gain to reduce the heating load in winter.
Human‐centered intelligent training for emergency responders
Authors: Mehta Ranjana K. , Moats Jason , Karthikeyan Rohith , Gabbard Joseph L. , Srinivasan Divya , Du Eric Jing , Leonessa Alexander , Burks Garret , Stephenson Andrew , Fernandes Ron
Published: May 2022

Emergency response (ER) workers perform extremely demanding physical and cognitive tasks that can result in serious injuries and loss of life. Human augmentation technologies have the potential to enhance physical and cognitive work‐capacities, thereby dramatically transforming the landscape of ER work, reducing injury risk, improving ER, as well as helping attract and retain skilled ER workers. This opportunity has been significantly hindered by the lack of high‐quality training for ER workers that effectively integrates innovative and intelligent augmentation solutions. Hence, new ER learning environments are needed that are adaptive, affordable, accessible, and continually available for reskilling the ER workforce as technological capabilities continue to improve. This article presents the research considerations in the design and integration of use‐inspired exoskeletons and augmented reality technologies in ER processes and the identification of unique cognitive and motor learning needs of each of these technologies in context‐independent and ER‐relevant scenarios. We propose a human‐centered artificial intelligence (AI) enabled training framework for these technologies in ER. Finally, how these human‐centered training requirements for nascent technologies are integrated in an intelligent tutoring system that delivers across tiered access levels, covering the range of virtual, to mixed, to physical reality environments, is discussed.
Sars‐Cov‐2 Spike Protein‐Induced Damage of hiPSC‐Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Huang Xiaochen , Huang Boxin , He Yong , Feng Liang , Shi Jian , Wang Li , Peng Juan , Chen Yong
Published: May 2022

Sars‐Cov‐2 may trigger molecular and functional alterations of cardiomyocytes (CMs) of the heart due to the presence of receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of the host cells. While the endocytic itinerary of the virus via cleavage of the spike protein of Sars‐Cov‐2 is well understood, the role of the remaining part of the spike protein subunit and ACE2 complex is still elusive. Herein, the possible effects of this complex are investigated by using synthetic spike proteins of Sars‐Cov‐2, human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), and a culture device made of an arrayed monolayer of cross‐linked nanofibers. hiPSCs are first differentiated into CMs that form cardiac tissue‐like constructs with regular beating and expression of both ACE2 and gap junction protein Connexin 43. When incubated with the spike proteins, the hiPSC‐CMs undergo a rhythmic fluctuation with overstretched sarcomere structures and dispersed gap junction proteins. When incubated with the spike proteins and supplementary angiotensin II, the damage of the spike protein on hiPSC‐CMs is enhanced due to downregulated ACE2, chromatin margination, altered Connexin 43 expression, sarcomere disruption, and beating break. This discovery may imply latent effects of the spike proteins on the heart.
Manipulating Picosecond Photoresponse in van der Waals Heterostructure Photodetectors
Authors: Zeng Zhouxiaosong , Ge Cuihuan , Braun Kai , Eberle Martin , Wang Yufan , Zheng Biyuan , Zhu Chenguang , Sun Xingxia , Huang Lanyu , Luo Ziyu , Chen Ying , Duan Huigao , Wang Shuangyin , Li Dong , Gao Fei , Pan Anlian , Wang Xiao
Published: May 2022

Self‐powered ultrafast 2D photodetectors have demonstrated great potential in imaging, sensing, and communication. Understanding the intrinsic ultrafast charge carrier generation and separation processes is essential for achieving high‐performance devices. However, probing and manipulating the ultrafast photoresponse is limited either by the temporal resolution of the conventional methods or the required sophisticated device configurations. Here, van der Waals heterostructure photodetectors are constructed based on MoS2/WSe2 p–n and n–n junctions and manipulate the picosecond photoresponse by combining photovoltaic (PV) and photothermoelectric (PTE) effects. Taking time‐resolved photocurrent (TRPC) measurements, a TRPC peak at zero time delay is observed with decay time down to 4 ps in the n–n junction device, in contrast to the TRPC dip in the p–n junction and pure WSe2 devices, indicating an opposite current polarity between PV and PTE. More importantly, with an ultrafast photocurrent modulation, a transition from a TRPC peak to a TRPC dip is realized, and detailed carrier transport dynamics are analyzed. This study provides a deeper understanding of the ultrafast photocurrent generation mechanism in van der Waals heterostructures and offers a new perspective in instruction for designing more efficient self‐powered photodetectors.
Charge‐Transfer Complex Combining Reduced Cluster with Enhanced Stability for Combined Near‐Infrared II Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Kong Xueping , Yang Yimeng , Wan Guofeng , Chen Qiuyan , Yu Huimei , Li Bao , Wu Lixin
Published: May 2022

In the search for materials with enhanced near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal properties and capability of providing environment‐sensitive therapy, a method that combines isolated components into one nanocomposite is developed. The technique simultaneously involves redox, charge‐transfer formation, and ionic complexation. During the polyoxophosphomolybdate (PMo) cluster mixing with biosafe chromogen 3,3’,5,5’‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), the reduced state (rPMo) and the oxidized TMB in the state of charge‐transfer complex (cTMB) emerge spontaneously. The two reduced and oxidized components with charges form a stable ionic complex that resists physiology, saline, broad pH, and elevated temperature. Both the rPMo and cTMB contribute to the total sustainable photothermal conversion efficiency of 48.4% in the NIR‐II region. The ionic complex exhibits biocompatibility in in vitro cell viability evaluation and is demonstrated to enter tumor cells with sustained photothermal property and complexation stability. Due to the local acidity that triggers further interaction among rPMo clusters, a distinct accumulation of the ionic complex at the tumor position is observed after caudal vein injection. Moreover, a remarkable local NIR‐II photothermal image appears. The diminishment of tumor in mice with maintained body weight demonstrates the comprehensive effect of this NIR‐II photothermal therapeutic material.
Polarization Engineering of Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Highly Efficient Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Molecular Oxygen and Water
Authors: Wu Chongbei , Teng Zhenyuan , Yang Chao , Chen Fangshuai , Yang Hong Bin , Wang Lei , Xu Hangxun , Liu Bin , Zheng Gengfeng , Han Qing
Published: May 2022

Two‐electron oxygen photoreduction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is seriously inhibited by its sluggish charge kinetics. Herein, a polarization engineering strategy is demonstrated by grafting (thio)urea functional groups onto covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), giving rise to significantly promoted charge separation/transport and obviously enhanced proton transfer. The thiourea‐functionalized CTF (Bpt‐CTF) presents a substantial improvement in the photocatalytic H2O2 production rate to 3268.1 µmol h−1 g−1 with no sacrificial agents or cocatalysts that is over an order of magnitude higher than unfunctionalized CTF (Dc‐CTF), and a remarkable quantum efficiency of 8.6% at 400 nm. Mechanistic studies reveal the photocatalytic performance is attributed to the prominently enhanced two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction by forming endoperoxide at the triazine unit and highly concentrated holes at the thiourea site. The generated O2 from water oxidation is subsequently consumed by the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), thereby boosting overall reaction kinetics. The findings suggest a powerful functional‐groups‐mediated polarization engineering method for the development of highly efficient metal‐free polymer‐based photocatalysts.
Progress and Future Prospects of Wide‐Bandgap Metal‐Compound‐Based Passivating Contacts for Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Kun , Bi Qunyu , Wang Xinyu , Liu Wenzhu , Xing Chunfang , Li Kun , Xu Dacheng , Su Zhaojun , Zhang Cheng , Yu Jian , Li Dongdong , Sun Baoquan , Bullock James , Zhang Xiaohong , Yang Xinbo
Published: May 2022

Advanced doped‐silicon‐layer‐based passivating contacts have boosted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single‐junction crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells to over 26%. However, the inevitable parasitic light absorption of the doped silicon layers impedes further PCE improvement. To this end, alternative passivating contacts based on wide‐bandgap metal compounds (so‐called dopant‐free passivating contacts (DFPCs)) have attracted great attention, thanks to their potential merits in terms of parasitic absorption loss, ease‐of‐deposition, and cost. Intensive research activity has surrounded this topic with significant progress made in recent years. Various electron‐selective and hole‐selective contacts based on metal compounds have been successfully developed, and a champion PCE of 23.5% has been achieved for ac‐Si solar cell with a MoOx‐based hole‐selective contact. In this work, the fundamentals and development status of DFPCs are reviewed and the challenges and potential solutions for enhancing the carrier selectivity of DFPCs are discussed. Based on comprehensive and in‐depth analysis and simulations, the improvement strategies and future prospects for DFPCs design and device implementation are pointed out. By tuning the carrier concentration of the metal compound and the work function of the capping transparent electrode, high PCEs over 26% can be achieved forc‐Si solar cells with DFPCs.