bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of the stress state and strain rate dependent mechanical behaviour of TRIP-assisted steels
Authors: Pontillo A. , Lonardi C. , Chandran S. , Vercruysse F. , Corallo L. , Verleysen P.
Published: September 2021

This paper presents an investigation into the effect of different stress states and strain rates on the austenite-to-martensite transformation during plastic straining of a Q&P steel. Different stress states are imposed to the steel using purposed-designed samples. The sample geometries, including in-plane shear, dogbone and plane strain samples, are optimised by finite element modelling. Tensile tests are performed at different strain rates of 0.001 s-1, 10 s-1 and 500 s-1. Digital image correlation is used to capture the strain fields during the entire deformation process. The mechanical results indicate a positive strain rate sensitivity for both the shear and plane strain specimens and a negative strain rate sensitivity for the dogbone sample. In addition, the influence of the strain rate on the strain level is more pronounced for the shear than for the plane strain specimens and for the dogbone samples.
Plasticity and fracture of aluminium 7075 at high strain rates and elevated temperatures
Authors: Li Xueyang , Pandya Kedar , Karathanasopoulos Nikos , Roth Christian C. , Mohr Dirk
Published: September 2021

Slow, intermediate and high strain rate experiments with UT geometries are performed on aluminum AA7075-T6 sheet metal at various temperatures. The comprehensive experimental program characterizes the plasticity response at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 360°C and at strain rates ranging from 0.001/s to 150/s. The elevated temperature - elevated strain rate experiments are performed on a hydraulic tensile testing machine and a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar system with a Load Inversion Device along with a custom-made induction heating system. A machine learning based modified Johnson-Cook plasticity model is calibrated to capture the complex strain rate and temperature effect of the observed hardening response.
Investigating slow shock in low-impedance materials using a direct impact Hopkinson bar setup
Authors: Jakkula Puneeth , Ganzenmüller Georg , Beisel Samuel , Hiermaier Stefan
Published: September 2021

This work implements a direct impact Hopkinson bar, suitable for investigating the evolution of dynamic force equilibrium in low-impedance materials. Polycarbonate as the bar material favours for a long pulse duration of 2.6 ms for an overall length of only 5 m, allowing to compress large specimens to high strains. This setup is applied to polyurethane foams with different densities ranging from 80 - 240 kg/m3. Dynamic compression tests are performed at strain rates of 0.0017, 0.5 and 500 /s on the foams at room temperature. Depending on density, they show a saturation in increase of yield strength at strain rates of 500 /s, or even show a negative strain rate sensitivity for the lowest density. This behaviour is explained by comparing the dynamic force equilibrium to a phenomenon similar to shock in solid materials: For low densities and high rates of strain, homogeneous compression is replaced by a localized collapse front with a jump in stress across the front. Digital image correlation is performed to analyse elastic and plastic compaction waves by means of Lagrange diagrams.
Residual Tumor Volume and Tumor Progression after Subtotal Resection and Observation of WHO Grade I Skull Base Meningiomas
Authors: Przybylowski Colin J. , Hendricks Benjamin K. , Furey Charuta G. , DiDomenico Joseph D. , Porter Randall W. , Sanai Nader , Almefty Kaith K. , Little Andrew S.
Published: September 2021

Objective This study investigated the impact of residual tumor volume (RTV) on tumor progression after subtotal resection and observation of WHO grade I skull base meningiomas.

Study Design This study is a retrospective volumetric analysis.

Setting This study was conducted at a single institution.

Participants Patients who underwent subtotal resection of a WHO grade I skull base meningioma and postsurgical observation (July 1, 2007–July 1, 2017).

Main Outcome Measure The main outcome was radiographic tumor progression.

Results Sixty patients with residual skull base meningiomas were analyzed. The median (interquartile range) RTV was 1.3 (5.3) cm3. Tumor progression occurred in 23 patients (38.3%) at a mean duration of 28.6 months postsurgery. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year actuarial progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 98.3, 58.6, and 48.7%, respectively. The Cox multivariate analysis identified increasing RTV (p = 0.01) and history of more than 1 previous surgery (p = 0.03) as independent predictors of tumor progression. In a Kaplan–Meier analysis for PFS, the RTV threshold of 3 cm3 maximized log-rank testing significance between groups of patients dichotomized at 0.5 cm3 thresholds (p < 0.01). The 3-year actuarial PFS rates for meningiomas with RTV ≤3 cm3 and >3 cm3 were 76.2 and 32.1%, respectively. When RTV >3 cm3 was entered as a covariate in the Cox model, it was the only factor independently associated with tumor progression (p < 0.01).

Conclusion RTV was associated with tumor progression after subtotal resection of WHO grade I skull base meningioma in this cohort. An RTV threshold of 3 cm3 was identified that minimized progression of the residual tumor when gross total resection was not safe or feasible.
Non-Nutritive Sweeteners in Human Amniotic Fluid and Cord Blood: Evidence of Transplacental Fetal Exposure
Authors: Halasa Brianna C. , Sylvetsky Allison C. , Conway Ellen M. , Shouppe Eileen L. , Walter Mary F. , Walter Peter J. , Cai Hongyi , Hui Lisa , Rother Kristina I.
Published: September 2021

Objective This study aimed to investigate human fetal exposure to non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) by analyzing amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood.

Study Design Concentrations of four NNS (acesulfame-potassium [ace-K], saccharin, steviol glucuronide, and sucralose) were measured in amniotic fluid (n = 13) and cord blood samples (n = 15) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Amniotic fluid samples were obtained for research purposes at the time of term elective cesarean birth or clinically indicated third trimester amnioreduction at Mercy Hospital for Women (Melbourne, Australia). All except four women were in the fasting state. Cord blood samples were obtained from an independent cohort of newborns whose mothers were enrolled in a separate clinical trial at the National Institutes of Health.

Results Ten of 13 amniotic fluid samples contained at least one NNS (ace-K, saccharin, steviol glucuronide, and/or sucralose). Maximum amniotic fluid NNS concentrations of ace-K, saccharin, steviol glucuronide, and sucralose were 78.9, 55.9, 93.5, and 30.6 ng/mL, respectively. Ace-K and saccharin were present in 100% and 80% of the cord blood samples, with maximal concentrations of 6.5 and 2.7 ng/mL, respectively. Sucralose was not detected and steviol glucuronide was not measurable in any of the cord blood samples.

Conclusion Our results provide evidence of human transplacental transmission of NNS. Based on results predominantly obtained from rodent models, we speculate that NNS exposure may adversely influence the offsprings' metabolic health. Well-designed, prospective clinical trials are necessary to understand the impact of NNS intake during pregnancy on human development and long-term health.

Key Points
Microfluidic high-throughput single-cell mechanotyping: Devices and applications
Authors: Choi Gihoon , Tang Zifan , Guan Weihua
Published: September 2021

The mechanical behavior of individual cells plays an important role in regulating various biological activities at the molecular and cellular levels. It can serve as a promising label-free marker of cells’ physiological states. In the past two decades, several techniques have been developed for understanding correlations between cellular mechanical changes and human diseases. However, numerous technical challenges remain with regard to realizing high-throughput, robust, and easy-to-perform measurements of single-cell mechanical properties. In this paper, we review the emerging tools for single-cell mechanical characterization that are provided by microfluidic technology. Different techniques are benchmarked by considering their advantages and limitations. Finally, the potential applications of microfluidic techniques based on cellular mechanical properties are discussed.
Double E-shaped toroidal metasurface with high Q-factor Fano resonance and electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: Chen Ting , Xiang Tianyu , Wang Jianwei , Lei Tao , Lu Fushan
Published: September 2021

A double E-shaped toroidal dipole metasurface is designed with the high Q-factor Fano and classical electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomena in the microwave frequency range. With the introduction of an asymmetric structure, the sharp Fano resonance can be excited and acquired a quite high Q-factor of 134 at a lower frequency of 4.58 GHz. It can be numerically and experimentally demonstrated that the singularity Fano response of designed construction is caused by the intensive toroidal dipole. In addition, due to destructive interference between the intensive toroidal dipole and electric dipole, the transmission peak of EIT can reach 0.95 with a Q-factor of 50 at 10.18 GHz. By calculating and comparing the radiated power of multipoles, the enhanced toroidal dipole response can be further verified. The designed planar toroidal dipole metamaterial with simple construction may have many possible applications in toroidal moment generators, sensing, and slow-light devices.
Theoretical analysis of backscattering in hollow-core antiresonant fibers
Authors: Numkam Fokoua Eric , Michaud-Belleau Vincent , Genest Jérôme , Slavík Radan , Poletti Francesco
Published: September 2021

We present a theoretical analysis into the fundamental physical mechanisms contributing to backscattering in hollow-core antiresonant fibers. We consider Rayleigh scattering originating from the hollow regions of the fiber, which may be filled with gases, Rayleigh scattering from within the glass membranes, as well as the contribution from scattering at the glass surfaces. We derive expressions for the backscattering coefficient into any specified guided mode for an arbitrary excitation. These lead to general scaling relations with the core size and wavelength, which are found to be the key parameters for backscattering, regardless of the exact antiresonant geometry. For a nested antiresonant hollow-core fiber with a core diameter of 35 µm, the only antiresonant fiber geometry for which the experimental data are available in the literature, we find that the surface-scattering limited backscattering coefficient of the fundamental mode into itself is nearly 40 dB below that of a single mode fiber, in good agreement with recently published measurements.
Simulation of the formation of antihydrogen via magnetobound positronium
Authors: Aguirre F. F. , Ordonez C. A.
Published: September 2021

Antihydrogen formation involving magnetobound positronium is simulated by computing classical trajectories. Simulated collisions between electrons and positrons generate magnetobound positronium, which consists of electron–positron pairs that are not energetically bound but that have spatially correlated trajectories within a magnetic field. Simulations show that antihydrogen can form if such electron–positron pairs pass near antiprotons. In addition, the possibility of forming antihydrogen atomic ions or antihydrogen molecular ions via magnetobound positronium or magnetobound antihydrogen is discussed.
Transdisciplinarity in Japanese business communication
Authors: Fujio Misa
Published: September 2021

Transdisciplinary collaboration has become one of the most important agendas in the field of Applied Linguistics and professional communication. Investigation into transdisciplinary collaboration has been conducted at the interface of both fields through knowledge transformation and multimethod action research. In Japan, however, investigation into transdisciplinary collaboration or transdisciplinarity still holds great potential for development. As the first step to investigate transdisciplinary collaboration, the author conducted in-depth interviews with eight Japanese business professionals who are also engaged in academic collaboration. The purpose of this study is to understand the challenges and opportunities they are currently facing in transdisciplinary collaboration and to identify shared goals that both applied linguists (academics) and business professionals can explore by focusing on shared language and knowledge transformation in business practice. The whole interview data were analysed using the Modified Grounded Theory Approach (M-GTA) (Kinoshita, 2003), in which nine basic concepts were obtained in the Open Coding Stage. These were then categorised into four larger groups in the Selective Coding Stage: (1) the current barriers for transdisciplinarity, (2) integration of theory and practice, (3) sensitivity to common ground, and (4) contribution to Japanese society. After presenting these concepts, the construction of shared language as a theme of collaboration is highlighted in the Discussion section.
An invisible operational mortar
Authors: McKenna Christopher J.
Published: September 2021

The contribution seeks to apply the principles of J. L. Austin’s speech-act theories to the study of local business segregation in the Jim Crow South. In particular, it borrows the notions of illocutionary and perlocutionary force when examining the seemingly bland and prosaic statements that are often used to normalise segregation within the business of commercial entertainment. For purposes of expanding the complexity of typical Manichaean (i.e., Black vs White) ethnic studies, this analysis was developed within the context of tri-racial segregation as applied to rural moviegoing within Robeson County, North Carolina during the first half of the twentieth century. Notably, the development of Robeson’s historical cinema-exhibition spaces eventually resulted in a highly unusual venue – i.e., the three-entrance theatre – whose physical architecture reflected tensions between local ethnic demographics and desired social hierarchies. Yet even in the face of these unusual physical constructs, this study contends that seemingly everyday objective/descriptive and non-demonising language remained an essential component in enforcing segregation.
Language workers and the challenge of digitalisation
Authors: Breunig Steven
Published: September 2021

The increasing digitalisation of communication has not gone unnoticed by the US military. The teaching of communication takes place at the Defense Information School (DINFOS), providing professional instruction to US military members, civilian personnel and allies from around the world. With the emergence of social media and the increasing significance of user-generated content, the teaching of communication, even more so than previously, prioritises the collaboration of academic researchers, practitioners and industry leaders in digitalised media for professional development. Viewing the collaboration as an example of transdisciplinary practice (McGregor, 2014), this paper seeks to gain insight into their thoughts on social media messaging and management for developing themes (Perrin & Kramsch, 2018) for research and practice, as well as for teaching language learners to be language workers (Koller, 2018) in a digitalised mediated world. The analysis of the social media workshop from 2017 is inspired by content analysis (Krippendorff, 2004). Through the analysis, the themes of “Community”, “Content” and “Conduct” are created based on a series of 23 lectures for practitioners by senior officers, academic researchers and persons from social media companies like Twitter and Instagram. The analysis shows, among other things, that the technological dimension of social media may constrain and enable language use in unpredictable ways. For research, practice and learning, the themes may function as a “shared language” for more effective language use towards the increasing digitalisation of communication. The paper concludes by reflecting on two concerns within transdisciplinarity, specifically transdisciplinary identity (Augsburg, 2014) and the link between process and impact (Hansson & Polk, 2018).
No to Plastic in Eco-Sensitive Valley through Art
Authors: Barnwal Monika , Kumar Vijay
Published: September 2021

The Spiti Valley, India, has been suffering from solid waste littering at an alarming rate, which is disrupting its environment. The cry to adopt sustainable and responsible travelling has brought social media influencers, an artist and a non-governmental organization (NGO) together to come up with a unique idea to motivate people not to discard plastic in Spiti Valley through visual art. This collaboration led to the launching of a plastic-free campaign in 2017 which brought together inspiration from related stakeholders who aim to offer or practise responsible travel and tourism.

Information

The study is written on the basis of secondary data available through websites, news articles, observation and blogs.

© CAB International 2021
Development of a Novel DEMO divertor target: spiral plate module
Authors: Schwartz N R , Nicholas J R , Jackson Z J , Ireland P T
Published: September 2021

In DEMO, the divertor must endure steady state loads of 10 MW m−2 and transient thermal cycling up to 20 MW m−2. A novel divertor target, termed the Spiral Plate Module (SPM) and designed to meet these loads, was initially optimized by a one-dimensional, steady-state model. The best design was a trade-off between the wall overheat (τ

s
)—a figure of merit for cooling performanceand the pumping ratio (η

P
)—a comparison of the pressure drop and the incident heat flux on a target surface. A three-dimensional, steady-state, conjugate heat transfer study showed significant correlation to the one-dimensional model. Compared to other divertor target concepts, the SPM achieved the lowest wall overheat of any target design. The hydraulic performance was also on par with comparable designs, demonstrating a very low pumping ratio. This novel, modular divertor target could be used in future fusion power plants to effectively cool the plasma facing components with low pressure drop.
Acoustic Barriers to Reduce Sound Pressure and Environmental Noise in the Ica Fencing
Authors: Cuba Carmen , Cuba Roberto , Arroyo Victor , Morales Jose
Published: September 2021

The objective was to determine the reduction of sound pressure through acoustic barriers, knowing the factors that affect the propagation of its acoustic emission, the methodology was the quantitative design, explanatory level, pre-experimental type, pre and post-test, based on studies of behaviors of other barriers such as noise mitigating measures; Two sound level meters were used to measure noise, one of which served as a reference since the sound spectrum due to traffic has a varied behavior. The results obtained in the tests carried out in the field and office work, allowed us to corroborate the Equivalent Continuous Sound Pressure Level (LAeqT). We conclude that Calle Lima 1ra. block and 1st. block Av. Grau, exceeds the standard limits established in the S.D.N ° 085-2003-PCM Words.
Blueschists and Blue Amphibole Schists-Gneisses Associated with the Nan River Mafic – Ultramafic Belt, North Thailand
Authors: Sawasdee Pornchanit , Booth John , Hauzenberger Christoph , Nantasin Prayath , Sanguankaew Sannaporn
Published: September 2021

The discovery of an areally limited outcrop of blueschists in Huai Sak, near Ban Huai Lao, SE Nan Province in the early 1980s has not been followed up until now. This is despite these blueschists being used in many regional tectonic compilations as unequivocal evidence for the presence of a former subduction zone along the trend of the Nan river. We report additional structural information and mineral analyses for the Huai Sak blueschists and the discovery nearby, in Huai Phi Rong, of structurally similar schists containing the Na-Ca amphibole barroisite. In addition, we report the discovery in Huai Phi Rong of float samples, believed to be derived from a thrust sheet of serpentinite matrix melange, consisting of coarse schists and gneisses that contain a variety of blue amphiboles associated with garnet. EPMA analysis confirms these blue amphiboles to be variously riebeckite, glaucophane, winchite and barroisite.
Renewable Energy Resources Potentials in G8 and BRICS
Authors: Cai Liya , Luo Ji , Li Shuo , Li Jingtao , Liu Liting , Wang Minghui
Published: September 2021

Renewable energy is emphasized globally due to its potential to contribute to economy and energy sustainable development, as well as mitigate the climate change. Developed and developing countries have set their sights on renewable energy as increasing exhaustion of the fossil energy and deterioration of environmental problem. This article focuses on concise summary and statistic of renewable energy resources potentials, including solar energy, wind energy, bioenergy, geothermal energy, and hydropower. Meanwhile, it provides the renewable energy development status of G8(US, UK, France, Germany, Italy, Canada, Japan, Russia) and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries. The result indicates that renewable energy resources are abundant, especially in China, the US and Russia. Each country has its own resources advantage. China has abundant renewable energy resources but still needs to accelerate renewable energy technology innovation. At last, suggestions are proposed for policy makers on renewable energy penetration.
Modularity Measurement as a Crucial Design Element
Authors: Modrak V , Soltysova Z
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to explore the problem of measurement of assembly process modularity, and to offer a new approach to quantify the relative modularity of different assembly process models. Specifically, it seeks to resolve the problem of the relation between relative modularity measures and optimal modularity measures. This relation brings us more close to find an effective measure for determining whether the process network is optimally modular. In our approach, process modularity expresses the extent to which processes can be decomposed into modules to be executed in parallel, and/or in series. Moreover, it also considers important feature of modular systems - that the great majority of interactions occur within modules and only a few interactions occur between modules. Consequently, the effect of a change in a given module is confined to that module only. This advantage of modular design clearly corresponds with Axiomatic Design theory, especially with its first axiom.
Artificial Intelligence Tools for Better Use of Axiomatic Design
Authors: Akay Haluk , Kim Sang-Gook
Published: September 2021

Axiomatic Design (AD) provides a powerful thinking framework for solving complex engineering problems through the concept of design domains and diligent mapping and decomposition between functional and physical domains. Despite this utility, AD is yet to be implemented for widespread use by design practitioners solving real world problems in industry and exists primarily in the realm of academia. This is due, in part, to a high level of design expertise and familiarity with its methodology required to apply the AD approach effectively. It is difficult to correctly identify, extract, and abstract top-level functional requirements (FRs) based on early-stage design research. Furthermore, guiding early-stage design by striving to maintain functional independence, the first Axiom, is difficult at a systems level without explicit methods of quantifying the relationship between high-level FRs and design parameters (DPs). To address these challenges, Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, specifically in deep learning (DL) assisted Natural Language Processing (NLP), have been applied to represent design knowledge for machines to understand, and, following AD principles, support the practice of human designers. NLP-based question-answering is demonstrated to automate early-stage identification of FRs and to assist design decomposition by recursively mapping and traversing down along the FR-DP hierarchical structure. Functional coupling analysis could then be conducted with vectorized FRs and DPs from NLP-based language embeddings. This paper presents a framework for how AI can be applied to design based on the principles of AD, which will enable a virtual design assistant system based on both human and machine intelligence.
Using the principles of axiomatic design in the development of bushing manufacturing technology
Authors: Slatineanu L , Dodun O , Nagîţ G , Duşa P , Coteaţă M , Hriţuc A , Luca D , Carp I
Published: September 2021

There are different types of bushings used in mechanical equipment and they can be used for different purposes. In the case of bronze bushings used to ensure rotation conditions of shaft-type parts, there are some difficulties in addressing the problem of their manufacture. In essence, in order to meet the machining accuracy requirements specific to the outer and inner revolution surfaces, appropriate manufacturing technologies must be established. Some distinct technological paths can be considered for machining and checking the outer and inner cylindrical surfaces of bushings. In solving certain problems specific to the development of bushing manufacturing technologies, the principles of axiomatic design were used. Thus, the axiom of the independence of the functional requirements was used preferentially in establishing the machining operations to be applied to the workpieceto obtain a bushing. The second axiom was applied to identify the best solutions for the machining of the inner revolution surface. In this way, more convenient manufacturing technology for bronze bushings was identified.
Design of an Assembly Workplace for Aging Workforce and Worker with Disabilities
Authors: Mark Benedikt G. , Rauch Erwin , Brown Christopher A. , Matt Dominik T.
Published: September 2021

With the introduction of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (also known as Industry 4.0 or I4.0) the use of worker assistance systems gets more and more important. These assistance systems should support the worker to reduce both mental as well as physical stress and at the same time increase ergonomics. Besides the before mentioned positive aspects of assistance systems they can also support the inclusion of workers with limitations in the daily industrial production environment. In this paper, we apply Axiomatic design (AD) to systematically design a future operator’s workplace for older workers and workers with disabilities. Therefore, we conducted interviews with employers and physical and mental disabled people to identify the customer needs (CNs) and set constraints (Cs). In a next step, we defined the first level functional requirements (FRs) and the deduced corresponding design parameters (DPs). Following, the decomposition and mapping process and considering the independence and information axiom we designed a workplace equipped with worker assistance systems for better integrating elderly people and people with disabilities in manufacturing.
Robust Privacy Assessment in Transnational Healthcare Systems
Authors: Parretti C , Pourabbas E , Rolli F , Pecoraro F , Citti P
Published: September 2021

Recent developments in Information and Communication Technology have paved the foundations for new forms of collaboration between health systems in different countries. These collaborations allow, on the one hand, to monitor recurrent health emergencies on territories, and on the other hand, they allow national health systems to share information about foreign citizens in transit on their territory. European legislation regarding the processing of personal data places strict constraints on the cross-border transfer of personal data. In this case, companies or organizations, operating on information interchange, must adopt robust mechanisms to verify the adequacy requirements, in order to allow monitoring of security levels, identification of possible intervention actions and preparation of updated security plans for inspection visits required by European standards. In this context, Axiomatic Design allows not only to design medical systems and equipment in compliance with current regulations, but also to provide representations of the design artifact already prepared to implant privacy risk assessment mechanisms. This makes it possible to identify the activities/components to be assessed up to a level of elementary granularity such as to allow risk assessment for the single module. At the same time, the axiomatic approach enables the overall recomposition of privacy violation risks on the basis of a modular representation of the whole system according to the well-known V model scheme. This recomposition allows to build the so-called risk privacy coverage matrix, in order to trace the risk level of the elementary modules, associating them with more and more complex components. In this way, the foundations to build a dynamic monitoring system of the privacy risk level of the system can be defined.
Development of Fused Filament Fabrication desktop 3D printer enclosure using axiomatic design principles
Authors: Ermolai V , Irimia A I
Published: September 2021

Additive manufacturing through Fused Filament Fabrication is one of the most spread methods for obtaining functional prototypes and components, mainly for single parts demands or small manufacturing lots. This direction of use presumes the use of engineering polymers in the manufacturing process, materials that require precise control of the environment regarding printing temperature and moisture. A Do-It-Yourself enclosure mock-up for engineering polymers processing was obtained using the Axiomatic Design principles. The enclosure is compatible with low-cost Fused Filament Fabrication desktop 3D printers and satisfies the functional requirements regarding manufacturing and secure usage of engineering-grade polymers. In addition, the presented design solved the requirements regarding surveillance and remote control during the manufacturing process.
Visual representation aid in engineering design process: From axiomatic design towards knowledge intelligence
Authors: Papachristopoulou M , Provatidis C , Markopoulos AP , Spitas V
Published: September 2021

The notion of function has been a key element in most of the design methodologies. Its definition has been controversial within the research community, with issues arising when methodologies rely solely on one universal strict definition. Axiomatic design relies on functional decomposition, which has as a perquisite the correct definition of the main function and subfunctions of a design problem. The inability of design methodologies to be incorporated into CAD and the absence of a systematic way to store precious knowledge occurring during the design process itself becomes a hurdle for true automation and intelligence in design. This paper proposes a visual representation process of the design problem, which verifies itself through relational graph representations and the physical laws governing the structure, where they are given valuable semantics. Knowledge can be inferred, stored and analysed with the scope of making engineering design more intelligent and potentially more automated.
Biphasic epoxy-ionic liquid structural electrolytes: minimising feature size through cure cycle and multifunctional block-copolymer addition
Authors: Wendong Quan , Dent John , Arrighi Valeria , Cavalcanti Leide , Shaffer Milo S P , Shirshova Natasha
Published: September 2021

Structural electrolytes provide mechanical properties approaching structural resin combined with a high degree of ionic conductivity. Here, structural electrolytes based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (EMIM-TFSI) were synthesised through reaction induced phase separation (RIPS) using isophorone diamine (iPDA) as a curing agent. The microstructure and properties of the resulting materials were controlled through both the initial formulations and the curing temperature. Curing at room temperature generated a bi-continuous structure and improved both mechanical performance and ionic conductivity of the resulting structural electrolytes. The balance between properties can be systematically adjusted; for example, a promising Young’s modulus of 800 MPa was obtained simultaneously with an ionic conductivity of 0.28 mS cm−1, for a formulation containing 35 vol% EMIM-TFSI. The lengthscale of the structural features was reduced by an order of magnitude by introducing multifunctional block-copolymers (MF-bcP) based on glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and quaternised (2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). Small angle neutron scattering (SANS), obtained during curing, identified at least two structural phases of different length scale, for the formulations containing MF-bcP, in agreement with microstructures observed using scanning electron microscopy. Such structural electrolytes may be required when using structural electrodes that also have finer characteristic lengthscales. The addition of the MF-bcP to formulations containing 35 vol% EMIM-TFSI produced structural electrolytes with a Young’s modulus of 530 MPa and an ionic conductivity of 0.64 mS cm−1.
The 𝐻𝐾ᵣ-integral is not contained in the 𝑃ᵣ-integral
Authors: Musial Paul , Skvortsov Valentin , Tulone Francesco
Published: September 2021

We compare a Perron-type integral with a Henstock-Kurzweil-type integral, both having been introduced to recover functions from their generalized derivatives defined in the metricLrL^r. We give an example of anHKrHK_r-integrable function which is notPrP_r-integrable, thereby showing that the first integral is strictly wider than the second one.
Braid group and 𝑞-Racah polynomials
Authors: Crampé Nicolas , Vinet Luc , Zaimi Meri
Published: September 2021

The irreducible representations of two intermediate Casimir elements associated to the recoupling of three identical irreducible representations of

U
q

(

s
l

2

)

U_q(\mathfrak {sl}_2)

are considered. It is shown that these intermediate Casimirs are related by a conjugation involving braid group representations. Consequently, the entries of the braid group matrices are explicitly given in terms of the

q
q

-Racah polynomials which appear as

6
j

6j

-symbols in the Racah problem for

U
q

(

s
l

2

)

U_q(\mathfrak {sl}_2)

. Formulas for these polynomials are derived from the algebraic relations satisfied by the braid group representations.
We Are Stardust: In the Nonworld of Criticism Today
Authors: Davis Theo
Published: September 2021

This review essay discusses Rita Felski’s Hooked, John Brenkman’s Mood and Trope, and Sianne Ngai’s Theory of the Gimmick. It argues that contemporary criticism is marked by a form of wordlessness in which criticism is uncertain if it counts as a meaningful activity. This leads to a hunger for forms of reality in which criticism might ground itself, but also a haunting doubt about the validity or purchase of thinking and scholarship that can be traced to the specific institutional dissolutions of fields and disciplines. The review suggests that although we can see this era as one of innate, inevitable critical loss and crisis, there is a demystifying and a grounding orientation in focusing on the analysis of specific works rather than reifying our general sense of wordlessness.
A category-selective semantic memory deficit for animate objects in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Henderson Shalom K , Dev Sheena I , Ezzo Rania , Quimby Megan , Wong Bonnie , Brickhouse Michael , Hochberg Daisy , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Dickerson Bradford C , Cordella Claire , Collins Jessica A
Published: September 2021

Data are mixed on whether patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia exhibit a category-selective semantic deficit for animate objects. Moreover, there is little consensus regarding the neural substrates of this category-selective semantic deficit, though prior literature has suggested that the perirhinal cortex and the lateral posterior fusiform gyrus may support semantic memory functions important for processing animate objects. In this study, we investigated whether patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia exhibited a category-selective semantic deficit for animate objects in a word-picture matching task, controlling for psycholinguistic features of the stimuli, including frequency, familiarity, typicality and age of acquisition. We investigated the neural bases of this category selectivity by examining its relationship with cortical atrophy in two primary regions of interest: bilateral perirhinal cortex and lateral posterior fusiform gyri. We analysed data from 20 patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (mean age = 64 years, S.D. = 6.94). For each participant, we calculated an animacy index score to denote the magnitude of the category-selective semantic deficit for animate objects. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a main effect of animacy (β = 0.52, t = 4.03, P < 0.001) even after including all psycholinguistic variables in the model, such that animate objects were less likely to be identified correctly relative to inanimate objects. Inspection of each individual patient’s data indicated the presence of a disproportionate impairment in animate objects in most patients. A linear regression analysis revealed a relationship between the right perirhinal cortex thickness and animacy index scores (β = −0.57, t = −2.74, P = 0.015) such that patients who were more disproportionally impaired for animate relative to inanimate objects exhibited thinner right perirhinal cortex. A vertex-wise general linear model analysis restricted to the temporal lobes revealed additional associations between positive animacy index scores (i.e. a disproportionately poorer performance on animate objects) and cortical atrophy in the right perirhinal and entorhinal cortex, superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri, and the anterior fusiform gyrus, as well as the left anterior fusiform gyrus. Taken together, our results indicate that a category-selective semantic deficit for animate objects is a characteristic feature of semantic variant primary progressive aphasia that is detectable in most individuals. Our imaging findings provide further support for the role of the right perirhinal cortex and other temporal lobe regions in the semantic processing of animate objects.
The 3-Extra Connectivity of the Data Center Network BCube
Authors: Yi Yi , Fan Jianxi , Cheng Baolei , Wang Yan , Yu Jia
Published: September 2021

Connectivity is a significant metric to assess the fault tolerance of a network. For a faulty vertex set $H$, the $h$-extra connectivity is defined under the assumption that every component of the network removing $H$ has at least $h+1$ fault-free vertices. Compared to the traditional connectivity, which is defined under the assumption that the network removing $H$ is disconnected or trivial, the $h$-extra connectivity can better reflect the true fault tolerance of the network. The $BCube$ is an important server-centric data center network; it has good fault tolerance and scalability. In this paper, our research focuses on the logical structure of $BCube$, named $BC_{n,k}$, which is actually a specific type of generalized hypercubes. We prove that the 3-extra connectivity of $BC_{n,k}$ is $4(k+1)(n-1)-4n$ for $k\geq 4$ and $n\geq 4$.
Optical ventricular cardioversion by local optogenetic targeting and LED implantation in a cardiomyopathic rat model
Authors: Nyns Emile C A , Jin Tianyi , Fontes Magda S , van den Heuvel Titus , Portero Vincent , Ramsey Catilin , Bart Cindy I , Zeppenfeld Katja , Schalij Martin J , van Brakel Thomas J , Ramkisoensing Arti A , Zhang Guoqi , Poelma René H , Ördög Balazs , de Vries Antoine A F , Pijnappels Daniël A
Published: September 2021

Aims

Ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs) are common in the pathologically remodelled heart. These arrhythmias can be lethal, necessitating acute treatment like electrical cardioversion to restore normal rhythm. Recently, it has been proposed that cardioversion may also be realized via optically controlled generation of bioelectricity by the arrhythmic heart itself through optogenetics and therefore without the need of traumatizing high-voltage shocks. However, crucial mechanistic and translational aspects of this strategy have remained largely unaddressed. Therefore, we investigated optogenetic termination of VTs (i) in the pathologically remodelled heart using an (ii) implantable multi-LED device for (iii) in vivo closed-chest, local illumination.

Methods and results

In order to mimic a clinically relevant sequence of events, transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was applied to adult male Wistar rats before optogenetic modification. This modification took place 3 weeks later by intravenous delivery of adeno-associated virus vectors encoding red-activatable channelrhodopsin or Citrine for control experiments. At 8–10 weeks after TAC, VTs were induced ex vivo and in vivo, followed by programmed local illumination of the ventricular apex by a custom-made implanted multi-LED device. This resulted in effective and repetitive VT termination in the remodelled adult rat heart after optogenetic modification, leading to sustained restoration of sinus rhythm in the intact animal. Mechanistically, studies on the single cell and tissue level revealed collectively that, despite the cardiac remodelling, there were no significant differences in bioelectricity generation and subsequent transmembrane voltage responses between diseased and control animals, thereby providing insight into the observed robustness of optogenetic VT termination.

Conclusion

Our results show that implant-based optical cardioversion of VTs is feasible in the pathologically remodelled heart in vivo after local optogenetic targeting because of preserved optical control over bioelectricity generation. These findings add novel mechanistic and translational insight into optical ventricular cardioversion.
Heart transplantation in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: delirium, post-transplant depression, and visitor restrictions; the role of liaison and inpatient psychosomatic treatment—a case report
Authors: Sadlonova Monika , Gerecke Birgit , Herrmann-Lingen Christoph , Kutschka Ingo
Published: September 2021

Background

Heart transplant recipients show a high risk of developing major depression with an increased risk of post-transplant morbidity and mortality. Heart transplant specialists and patients face unprecedented challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, which have enormous clinical implications such as the increased risk of COVID-19 as well as visitor restrictions with social isolation during the post-transplant inpatient treatment.

Case summary

We present a case of a 64-year-old woman with end-stage heart failure caused by non-compaction cardiomyopathy who received an orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) without any intra-operative complications. Post-operatively, she showed acute psychotic symptoms in the intensive care unit (ICU) with improvement after switching intravenous tacrolimus treatment to an oral intake. Furthermore, the patient developed severe depressive symptoms with malnutrition and had a prolonged hospitalization. Standard medical care was complemented by intensive psychocardiological treatment to overcome the crisis.

Conclusion

High complexity of the post-transplant management after OHT underlines the importance of multidisciplinary teamwork, involving heart transplant specialists and allied mental health professionals. This collaboration led to an excellent long-term result. Facing the COVID-19 pandemic, the hospital visitor policies may be scrutinized, carefully looking at the role of social isolation, post-operative experience in the ICU, and medical complications after OHT.
DeePhage: distinguishing virulent and temperate phage-derived sequences in metavirome data with a deep learning approach
Authors: Wu Shufang , Fang Zhencheng , Tan Jie , Li Mo , Wang Chunhui , Guo Qian , Xu Congmin , Jiang Xiaoqing , Zhu Huaiqiu
Published: September 2021

Background

Prokaryotic viruses referred to as phages can be divided into virulent and temperate phages. Distinguishing virulent and temperate phage–derived sequences in metavirome data is important for elucidating their different roles in interactions with bacterial hosts and regulation of microbial communities. However, there is no experimental or computational approach to effectively classify their sequences in culture-independent metavirome. We present a new computational method, DeePhage, which can directly and rapidly judge each read or contig as a virulent or temperate phage–derived fragment.

Findings

DeePhage uses a “one-hot” encoding form to represent DNA sequences in detail. Sequence signatures are detected via a convolutional neural network to obtain valuable local features. The accuracy of DeePhage on 5-fold cross-validation reaches as high as 89%, nearly 10% and 30% higher than that of 2 similar tools, PhagePred and PHACTS. On real metavirome, DeePhage correctly predicts the highest proportion of contigs when using BLAST as annotation, without apparent preferences. Besides, DeePhage reduces running time vs PhagePred and PHACTS by 245 and 810 times, respectively, under the same computational configuration. By direct detection of the temperate viral fragments from metagenome and metavirome, we furthermore propose a new strategy to explore phage transformations in the microbial community. The ability to detect such transformations provides us a new insight into the potential treatment for human disease.

Conclusions

DeePhage is a novel tool developed to rapidly and efficiently identify 2 kinds of phage fragments especially for metagenomics analysis. DeePhage is freely available via http://cqb.pku.edu.cn/ZhuLab/DeePhage or https://github.com/shufangwu/DeePhage.
Radiological and clinical features of screening-detected pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kim Dae Hyeon , Bae So Young , Na Kwon Joong , Park Samina , Park In Kyu , Kang Chang Hyun , Kim Young Tae
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES

The current understanding of pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma is largely based on studies of advanced stage patients and data about early-stage invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma are sparse. We evaluated the radiological and clinical features of screening-detected early-stage invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (SD-IMA).

METHODS

Data from 91 patients who underwent surgical treatment for SD-IMA (≤3 cm) from 2013 to 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Data on radiological characteristics, clinicopathological findings, recurrence and survival were obtained. Disease-free survival rate was analysed.

RESULTS

Radiologically, SD-IMAs presented as a pure ground-glass nodule (6.6%), part-solid nodule (38.5%) or solid (54.9%). Dominant locations were both lower lobes (74.7%) and peripheral area (93.4%). The sensitivity of percutaneous needle biopsy was 78.1% (25/32). Lobectomy was performed in 70 (76.9%) patients, and sublobar resection in 21 (23.1%) patients. Seventy-three (80.2%), 15 (16.5%) and 3 (3.3%) patients had pathological stage IA, IB and IIB or above, respectively. Seven patients developed recurrence, and 3 died due to disease progression. Pleural seeding developed exclusively in 2 patients who underwent needle biopsy. The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 89.4%. The disease-free survival rates at 5 years were 86.3% in the lobectomy group and 100% in the sublobar resection group.

CONCLUSIONS

SD-IMAs were mostly radiologically invasive nodules. SD-IMAs showed favourable prognosis after surgical treatment.