bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harmony and The Role of Actors to Actualize of Social Resilience in Purworejo and Tabanan
Authors:   LIPI Jakarta, Saleh Rahmat , Oktafiani Irin ,   LIPI Jakarta, Aruan Norman Luther ,   LIPI Jakarta, Iban Angela ,   LIPI Jakarta
Published: January 2024

Filosofi Rukundan Tri Hita Karanapada masyarakat Jawa dan Balidikonsepsikan sebagai harmonidalam kajian antropologi pada akhir abad ke-20 hinggaawal abad ke-21. Kedua filosofiini dianggap masih relevan di tengah perubahan masyarakat modern di Jawa dan Bali. Tulisan ini akan memperlihatkan bagaimana filosofiRukundan Tri Hita Karanayang sudah ada di dalam masyarakat masih relevan dan dapat menjamin ketahanan sosialmasyarakatPurworejo dan Tabanan dalam menghadapi perubahan. Ditambah lagi kedua daerah tersebut telah memiliki dukungan melalui kehadiran aktor-aktororganikyang siap menjadi penjaga bagi keseimbangan di dalam masyarakat. Sumberdatadiperolehmelalui Focus Group Discussion(FGD) dan wawancara mendalam di Purworejo dan Tabanan sebagai bagian dari Penelitian Pembentukan Desa Berketahanan Sosial yang dilakukanoleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesejahteraan Sosial Kementerian Sosial RIpada tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis maknaharmoni dan pendekatan agencyuntuk melihat pola pikir dan kemampuan masyarakat dalam menghadapi perubahan. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah; (1) Filosofirukun dan Tri Hita Karana masih relevan dalam perkembanganmasyarakatdi Purworejo dan Tabanan; (2) Aktor-aktor dalam masyarakat lahir secara organik sebagai penjaga keseimbangan dalam masyarakat.
Masyarakat Dan Tata Kelola Sumber Daya Air: Partisipasi Dan Kontestasi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Di Gunung Kawi, Kabupaten Malang
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Khurun'in Irza , Rozalinna Genta Mahardhika ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: January 2024

Krisis air telah menjadi fenomena global. Kerentanan atas ketersediaan air menjadi hal yang semakin meluas di Indonesia. Bencana kekeringan dan krisis air bersih menjadi tantangan yang akan semakin intens dihadapi masyarakat Indonesia. Kabupaten Malang merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Jawa Timur yang memiliki potensi sumber daya air yang cukup kaya. Meski memiliki 48 sumber mata air yang tersebar di 33 kecamatan, krisis air menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang mengancam Kabupaten Malang. Pada tahun 2012 terdapat 13 kecamatan dari total 33 kecamatan di Kabupaten Malang yang mengalami krisis air. Terjadinya krisis air pada daerah yang memiliki sumber daya air yang melimpah mengindikasikan adanya persoalan yang sedang terjadi dalam tata kelola sumber daya air. Paper ini memfokuskan pada pengkajian atas pengelolaan sumber mata air di wilayah Gunung Kawi, Kabupaten Malang, utamanya terkait dengan pola-pola partisipasi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sumber daya berikut kontestasi kuasa yang terbangun. Paper ini berargumen bahwa kerentanan atas air dapat dikelola tatkala partisipasi masyarakat menjadi pondasi dalam tata kelola sumber data. Namun demikian, perkembangan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya juga memicu tumbuhnya kontestasi kuasa antar aktor tatkala terjadi transformasi pemanfaatan sumber daya kearah profit ekonomi.
The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Baristaâ€™s Innovative work behavior in Malang City
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Mustikawati Inka , Nurmala Sukma ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: January 2024

Penelitianini dilakukan untuk mengetahuipengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap innovative work behaviorpada barista di kota Malang. Responden dalam penelitianini adalah 126 barista di Kota Malang (71 laki-laki dan 55 perempuan). Penelitian ini menggunakan metodekuantitatif dengandua skala, yaitu skala kepemimpinan transformasional versi bahasa Indonesia yang mengacu pada MLQ (Multifactor Leadership Questionaire) Form6s yang dikembangkan oleh Bass & Avolio (1992) dan skala individual innovative behavioryang telah diadaptasi oleh Nurmala & Widyasari (2021) yang mengacu pada dimensi innovative work behavioryang dikembangkan oleh Kleysen & Street (2001). Teknik yang digunakan dalam proses analisis data yaitu menggunakan uji regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitianmengungkapkanbahwa kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh secarasignifikan terhadap innovative work behavior(R2= 0,557, Sig.= 0,000). Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa, pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional mampu menjelaskan sebesar 55,7% innovative work behavior pada barista di Kota Malang.
Kebijakan Reforma Konflik Hukum Politik Agraria di Era Pemerintahan Jokowi
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo, Rahma Hernanda Ayudya Rizky , Fitriani Intan Fransisca ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo, Fitriani Lisa Dwi ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo, Hilman Yusuf Adam
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini menjelaskan betapa pentingnya kita membahami tentang Agraria, Khususnya di Indonesia. Agraria atau sering kita samakan dengan pertanahan yang secara tidak langsung berperan penting terhadap meningkatkan strategi dalam meningkatkan masalah pertanian, tentunya meningkatkan produktivitas dan meningkatkan ekonomi para petani. Agraria sendiri mempunyai cakupan yang sangat kompleks mulai dari hukum, ekonomi, politik, dan sosial budaya. Banyak kesenjangan terkait agraria dikarenakan kesenjangan yang sumber daya, Banyak konflik terjadi daintaranya antar individu, kelompok, ataupun Lembaga berwenang, Tidak lain pihak pihak tertentu berupaya terhadap menangani konflik yang terjadi. Peraturan dasar pokok pokok agraria diatur dalam rancangan Undangan Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Agraria adalah kemakmuran rakyat terutama kaum petani, dan yang pasti tidak adanya konflik dalam masalah pertanahan ini. Seiring pertumbuhan dan perkembangan manusia hendaknya kita lebih melek akan keadaan sekitar karena manusia merupakan sumber daya natural yang ada di setiap masanya dan terus bertambah.
Pemaknaan Khalayak Terhadap Ruang Privasi Selebriti Melalui Tayangan Youtube â€œMalam Pertamaâ€ (Analisis Resepsi Stuart Hall Dalam Adegan Tayangan Saluran YouTube Atta Halilintar Di kalangan Remaja Madya Usia 15-17 Tahun)
Authors:   Universitas Pembangunan Jaya, Kusuma Cameliana , Citraningtyas Clara Evi C. ,   Universitas Pembangunan Jaya, Murtiharso Yosaphat Danis ,   Universitas Pembangunan Jaya
Published: January 2024

Belakangan ini, ruang privasi semakin marak dijadikan sebagai suatu komoditas dagang dalam tayangan vlog media sosial YouTube maupun televisi. Ruang privasi biasanya ditentukan oleh suatu jarak tertentu antara diri sendiri dengan pihak lain yang di mana jarak itu sangat ditentukan oleh bagaimana kualitas hubungan antar individu tersebut untuk memberikan informasi yang mereka miliki. Namun saat ini, standar nilai nilai moral dan etika masyarakat mulai melonggar di mana masalah pribadi menjadi salah satu jenis tontonan yang menarik dalam layar kaca masyarakat khususnya perihal kehidupan selebriti seperti salah satu tayangan vlog YouTube Atta Halilintar â€œMalam Pertamaâ€ yang menjadi fenomenal serta menimbulkan pro dan kontra karena mempertontonkan kehidupan pribadi yang dimiliki oleh seorang selebriti kepada khalayak luas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan paradigma konstruktivis. Menggunakan analisis resepsi Stuart Hall dan strategi penelitian naratif untuk memperoleh data yang terkait dengan pemaknaan khalayak terhadap adegan dalam tayangan Youtube Atta Halilintar dengan menganalisis hasil wawancara dan mengelompokkan ke dalam kategori Dominant Hegemonic, Negotiated Reading atau Oppositional Position.
Strategi Agen Transfer Kebijakan Tingkat Lokal Menuju Kota Layak Anak
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Arissa Yeni
Published: January 2024

Kebijakan Kota Layak Anak (KLA) telah berjalan hampir dua dekade. Namun problematika anak di daerah semakin beragam dan meningkat. Prostitusi anak merajalela, angka stunting masih sangat tinggi, angka putussekolah bertambah disaat pandemi covid-19, menjamurnya anak jalanan, peningkatan pelecehan seksual anak, problem belajar daring dan lain-lain.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali apakah agen lokal memahami akan transferabilitas kebijakan KLA sehingga tidak bisa optimal mengimplementasikan Peraturan Menteri Pemberdayaan Perempuan Nomor 2 Tahun 2009 tentang Kebijakan Kabupaten/Kota Layak Anak. Mengingat KLA ini adalah kebijakan yang ditransferkan atas ratifikasi Konvensi Hak Anak. Sehingga untuk memenuhituntutan itu membuat agen lokal tidak memiliki kemampuan membangun sistem yang langsung menuntaskan problem anak yang sebenarnya di lapangan.Inventarisasi agen lokal dilakukan dalam fenomena transfer kebijakan yang terlibat dalam kebijakan Kota Layak Anak (KLA) di Kota Pontianak. Dengan kerangka teori transfer kebijakan (Dolowitz and Marsh, 1999), memperdalam pengetahuan agen lokal tentang transferabilitas dari kebijakan tersebut baik dari sisi keuntungan, kesesuaian, kompleksitas dan kebijakan masa lalu (Sobari, 2011). Selain itu studi ini mengungkap kemampuan agen lokal untuk meakukan strategi dalam transfer kebijakan sebagaimana teori yang diungkap Mauricio I.Dussauge-Laguna (2019).Penelitian Kualitatif ini menggunakan metode studi kasus. Sumber data dari dokumentasi, arsip dan wawancara terstruktur untuk mengadaptasi kerangka kerja policy transfer. Fokus penelitian adalah menggali perspektif dan pergerakan ide oleh agen KLA di daerah. Penelitian ini memperkuat teori transfer kebijakan yang fenomenanya bisa menjelaskan kemampuan agen lokal yang tidak resisten terhadap kebijakan yang berasal dari dunia internasional dikarenakan pengaruh dan penilaian agen domestik yang menjadi penghubung agen global di pemerintah pusat. Maka secara empiris, diperlukan penguatan agen lokal untuk menguasai strategi pengembangan kebijakan agar lebih tepat sasaran dan kolaboratif dalam menggambar kebijakan. Baik dengan strategi konseptual, peningkatan kapasitas, fine-tuning dan persuasi.
Studi Perubahan Status Desa Menjadi Kelurahan di Kabupaten Garut Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors:   Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri Jatinagor, Dimamesa Inge Putri , Sanahan M. Geovani ,   Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri Jatinagor, Fahrudin M. Khoirun Nafiq ,   Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri Jatinagor, Simangunsong Fernandes ,   Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri Jatinagor
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan status desa menjadi kelurahan yang terjadi dalam masyarakat sekarang ini tidaklah sejalan dengan organisasi desa yang telah ada dan terbentuk di Kabupaten Garut Provinsi Jawa Barat. Dimana masyarakat membutuhkan pelayanan yang lebih baik yang didukung dengan kualitas teknologi serta sarana prasarana yang memadai. Hal ini merupakan mula dimana studi perubahan status desa menjadi kelurahan perlu dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori pengembangan organisasi yang dikembangkan oleh Fernandes Simangunsong (2014)dengan harapan dapat memberikan pelayanan yang lebih baik serta maksimal untuk masyarakat di Kabupaten Garut. Metode atau teknik yang kami gunakan adalah metode kualitatif dan pendekatan secara deskriptif yang mampu memberikan gambaran secara sistematis dari suatu fenomena yang ada secara detail, teliti dan bersifat nyata. Data-data yang kami gunakan juga berasal dari jurnal, buku, maupun internet. Oleh karena itu, studi perubahan status desa menjadi kelurahan ini memberikan gambaran mengenai ada atau tidak adanya sebuah perencanaan dalam mengubah status desa di Kabupaten Garut menjadi kelurahan.
Evaluasi Peran Forum Anak Kota Tanjung Pinang Dalam Kebijakan Kota Layak Anak
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Raja Haji Tanjungpinang, Yuliani Nursalasati Putri ,   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Raja Haji Tanjungpinang, Siam Nurbaiti Usman ,   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Raja Haji Tanjungpinang, Budiman Shahril
Published: January 2024

Pemenuhan hak-hak anak harus dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk kelangsungan pembangunan di masa depan. Permasalahan penelitian ini masih banyak anak yang belum terpenuhi haknya, seperti minimnya sarana dan prasarana di bidang partisipasi menuju Kota Layak Anak. Banyak anak-anak di Kota TanjungPinang yang belum mengetahui tentang adanya wadah partisipasi yang langsung dipayungi oleh pemerintah. Dalam situasi seperti ini, pemerintah membentuk sebuah wadah seperti Forum Anak Kota Tanjung Pinang untuk menjadi sebuah organisasi yang dapat merangkul dan mengeluarkan aspirasi dari anak-anak di Kota Tanjung Pinang. Forum Anak Kota TanjungPinang yang dibentuk sebagai instrumen untuk menjadi wadah partisipasi anak mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Pemberdayaan Perempuan Perlindungan Anak Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2019 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Forum Anak. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengevaluasi Peran Forum Anak Kota TanjungPinang Dalam Pengembangan Kota Layak Anak di Kota Tanjung Pinang. Teori yang digunakan adalah model evaluasi Daniel Stuff lebeam, yaitu CIPP (Context, Input, Process, dan Product)dengan pendekatan kualitatif metode evaluatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Peran Forum Anak Kota Tanjung Pinang dalam Kebijakan Kota Layak Anak sebagian kecil sudah terpenuhinya beberapa pemenuhan hak anak. Dengan adanya peran yang dilakukan Forum Anak Kota Tanjung Pinang, maka anak-anak dapat belajar dan mengetahui forum atau wadah mana yang dapat membantu anak-anak di Kota Tanjung Pinang untuk beraspirasi dan didukung oleh instansi yang resmi. Namun, dalam prosesnya pelaksanaan peran tersebut hanya dilakukan dalam lingkup kedinasan sehingga anak sebagai objek utamanya tidak merasakan perubahan yang signifikan
Analisis Propaganda Kartel Sinaloa di Kawasan Amerika Latin
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Rizal Pandu Satya , Kinanti Shafa Diva ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: January 2024

Artikel ini mengulas secara mendalam bagaimana propaganda yang dilakukan oleh Kartel Sinaloa di kawasan Amerika Latin, secara garis besar tulisan ini mengkaji lebih dalam menggunakan pendekatan Jowett & Donell pada Propaganda dan Persuasion. Tujuan utama dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui propaganda yang dilakukan oleh Sinaloa. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur, temuan utama dari tulisan ini adalah propaganda berhasil dilakukan oleh Sinaloa untuk memperkuat eksistensinya di Amerika Latin, propaganda dilakukan dengan menggunakan gambar-gambar kekerasan dan kekejaman, media yang sering yang digunakan adalah Tiktok, Narcobanner dan Narcocorridos, efektivitas propaganda ini ternyata berhasil.
Upaya Kanada Untuk Menarik Minat Imigran Menjadi Permanent Residence Melalui Jaminan yang “Memanjakan
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Kinanti Shafa Diva , Rizal Pandu Satya ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: January 2024

Fenomena migrasi internasional dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah kebutuhan akan tenaga kerja. Tenaga kerja merupakan unsur penting dalam kegiatan perekonomian karena tenaga kerja berperan dalam tahapan produksi dan industri. Bagi negara besar seperti Kanada, tenaga kerja sangat penting sebagai penjaga kualitas dan kuantitas tenaga kerjanya. Namun, mempertahankan tenaga kerja yang stabil sulit dilakukan karena adanya masalah terkait upah dan angkatan kerja. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kebijakan dan langkah konkret sebagai pencegahan atau solusi terhadap penurunan jumlah pekerja di Kanada. Dan salah satunya melalui migrasi internasional. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini akan menjelaskan secara singkat permasalahan yang diangkat melalui perspektif ekonomi neoklasik sebagaimana sudut pandang penulis.
Determinisme Teknologi dan Industri Buzzer: Pembusukan Komunikasi Politik di Media Sosial
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Wahyudi Dicky
Published: January 2024

Determinisme teknologi menyediakan ruang publik digital yang bebas di media sosial, sekaligus mempertemukan para oportunis politik yang memelihara buzzer. Konsekuensinya demokrasi memburuk dengan bermunculannya hoaks, fake news, dan narasi kebencian ruang publik di media sosial. Penelitian bertujuan menjelaskan kondisi komunikasi politik Indonesia di tengah determinisme teknologi dan industri buzzer di media sosial. Untuk memenuhi tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi literature, serta konsep political order and political decay dari Fukuyama; dan konsep technological determinism dari McLuhan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa komunikasi politik sedang menuju ke arah pembusukan dengan memburukya kondisi ruang publik di media sosial, buruknya supremasi hukum UU ITE, dan krisis kepercayaann yang dialami oleh pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan re-order komunikasi politik di media sosial dengan perbaikan regulasi ruang publik digital, dan memadukan literasi politik dengan literasi media bagi masyarakat.
Faktor Pendorong dan Penarik dalam Migrasi Pekerja Rumah Tangga Migran Perempuan
Authors: Hawari Prabu
Published: January 2024

The phenomenon of international migration is growing every year and this phenomenon has a big impact. Migration is an act to move from origin region to destination region. Those who migrated are called 'migrants'. One type of migrant is a migrant worker. Migrant workers are people who migrate to be employed or work alone to improve their economy. Indonesia is known as one of the largest sending countries of migrant workers. The province that sends the most migrant workers in Indonesia is East Java where Malang Regency is one of the regencies that send the most Indonesian migrant workers (IMW) or Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI). Hong Kong is the most favored destination for IMW from Malang Regency. Every year, the number of IMW that is sent is always increasing but at the end of 2019, the number started to decline. This is caused by the COVID-19 pandemic which had impacts on many things. Most of these IMWs are female and work in the domestic sector. This research used a qualitative research method with an interview approach to 12 Indonesian IMWs who left for Hong Kong and came from Malang Regency. It was found that their main motive for migrating was to improve their economy since it's hard to find jobs in Malang and the wage is small which is known as push factors. In Hong Kong, the demand for female migrant workers is high, the wages are great, and Hong Kong has good policies for IMW which is known as the pull factors to migrate.
Jejak Kiprah MONUSCO dalam Merajut Perdamaian di Republik Demokratik Kongo (2020-2021)
Authors:   UPN Veteran Jawa Timur, Bundu Priskila Arta
Published: January 2024

Civil war that occurred in RD Congo causes the dynamics of conflict in various sectors. This causes human rights violations, the death of civil society, infrastructure damage and government failure in running its function. Responding this situation, UN as an international organization has responsibility to protect conflicting countries. The UN Security Council took step to send Monusco security forces to RD Congo with the aim of running security and peace mission. Monusco did his mission with the peacekeeping and peacebuilding concept approach that introduced by Johan Galtung is supposed to protect civil society. This paper uses a qualitative type with descriptive method to explain Monusco's performance during RD Congo by 2020 to 2021. The Monusco's attempt is assisted with collaboration with organizations and other security communities. The military forces efforts in handling rebel groups strongly support the process of protection and evacuation of civil society. Although it suffered enough failures due to unpredictable but the Monusco security forces were able to run many security missions for civil society.
Analisa Genangan Banjir Sungai Gembong Pasuruan Menggunakan Aplikasi Hec-Ras 2D
Authors: Muhammad Aulia , Harisuseno Donny , Sidqi fidari Jadfan
Published: January 2024

Banjir merupakan keadaan dimana suatu daerah tergenang air dalam jumlah yang besar, Sungai Gembong merupakan sungai yang membelah Kota Pasuruan dan pada tahun 2008 terjadi banjir ekstrim dengan kala ulang 25 tahun yang membuat fasilitas umum dan pemadaman listrik sementara. Mengingat pentingnya Sungai Gembong untuk kehidupan di Kota Pasuruan, studi ini dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai debit banjir yang terjadi, luas genangan banjir dan kondisi penampang dengan debit banjir kala ulang 25 dan 50 tahun. Data yang dibutuhkan untuk melengkapi studi ini antara lain adalah data hujan, data debit maksimum, data DEM, dan data penampang Sungai Gembong. Studi ini dimulai dengan analisis kualitas data hujan lalu merubah data hujan menjadi debit banjir rancangan dengan kala ulang 25 dan 50 tahun, lalu dilakukan pemodelan di aplikasi HEC-RAS untuk mendapatkan sebaran genangan banjir DAS Gembong. Pemodelan hidraulik menggunakan HEC-RAS 6.2 dengan Analisa 2D dengan simulasi unsteady flow kala ulang 25 dan 50 untuk mengetahui luas genangan di DAS Gembong. Dari analisa hidrologi didapatkan debit banjir dengan metode Hidrograf Satuan Sintetik Nakayasu sebesar Q25th = 125.32 m3/det dan Q50th = 142.442 m3/det dan total luas genangan yang terjadi pada Q25th dan Q50th adalah sebesar 158.44 ha, dan 170.11 ha
Integrating Basic Sciences and Clinical Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study of UQUMED's Medical Education Approach
Authors: Saleh Saleh A.K. , Adly Heba M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Since the early 20th century, medical education has evolved, notably with the Flexner report emphasizing the fusion of foundational sciences and clinical reasoning. As the field grew, educators adeptly incorporated new sciences and technologies, ensuring curriculum balance and depth.
Aim. This research aimed to explore the role of basic sciences in contemporary medical education, focusing on their integration with clinical practice.
Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was implemented at Umm Al Qura University, College of Medicine, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, from March to June 2023. This study involved surveying 470 medical students, from a total campus population of 1,360 students (excluding preparatory year), using a pre-tested and structured self-administered questionnaire. All questions in the survey were formatted to elicit dichotomous responses, namely “yes” or “no”, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results. The study discovered that while a high percentage of medical students (96.6% in earlier years to 94% in senior years) recognized the importance of basic sciences in the MBBS curriculum, there was a noticeable decline in this belief as students advanced through their clinical years. Similarly, the perception of the utility of foundational knowledge of basic sciences for understanding clinical subjects decreased slightly from 93% in earlier years to 85% in senior years. About 92.7% of students across all years believed a strong understanding of basic sciences was crucial for clinical proficiency. However, the perceived benefit of suggested readings/textbooks declined from 82% in earlier years to 77% in senior years. Feedback on curriculum enhancements showed robust support for more engaging teaching methods, with over 90% favoring the incorporation of multimedia tools and group-based sessions.
Conclusions. Our findings underscore the foundational role of basic sciences in medical education for clinical competency, highlighting a gradual shift in student perceptions as they progress through their training. This shift signals the necessity for adaptive teaching strategies that effectively integrate basic sciences with clinical practice to maintain relevance and efficacy in medical curricula.
Digital Methods for the Spiritual and Mental Health of Generation Z: Scoping Review
Authors: Park Susanna Y , Do Bridgette , Yourell Jacqlyn , Hermer Janice , Huberty Jennifer
Published: January 2024

Background

Generation Z (Gen Z) includes individuals born between 1995 and 2012. These individuals experience high rates of anxiety and depression. Most Gen Z individuals identify with being spiritual, and aspects from religion and spirituality can be integrated into mental health treatment and care as both are related to lower levels of depression. However, research on the spiritual and mental health of Gen Z is sparse. To date, there are no systematic or scoping reviews on digital methods to address the spiritual and mental health of Gen Z.

Objective

This scoping review aimed to describe the current state of digital methods to address spiritual and mental health among Gen Z, identify the knowledge gaps, and make suggestions for how to leverage digital spiritual and mental health interventions for Gen Z.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Education Full Text, Google Scholar, SocIndex, and Sociological Abstracts. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) study population born between 1995 and 2012 (ie, Gen Z); (2) reporting on spiritual health or well-being, spirituality or religion, and mental health or well-being; (3) reporting on using digital methods; (4) publication in 1996 or beyond; (5) human subject research; (6) full text availability in English; (7) primary research study design; and (8) peer-reviewed article. Two authors screened articles and subsequently extracted data from the included articles to describe the available evidence.

Results

A total of 413 articles were screened at the title and abstract levels, of which 27 were further assessed with full text for eligibility. Five studies met the inclusion criteria, and data were extracted to summarize study characteristics and findings. The studies were performed across 4 different countries. There were 2 mixed-methods studies (South Africa and Canada), 2 cross-sectional studies (China and United States), and 1 randomized controlled trial (United States). Of these studies, only 2 discussed digital interventions (a text messaging–based intervention to improve spiritual and mental health, and a feasibility study for a mental health app). Other studies had a digital component with minor or unclear spiritual and mental health measures. Overall, there was a lack of consistency in how spiritual and mental health were measured.

Conclusions

Few studies have focused on assessing the spiritual and mental health of Gen Z in the digital context, and no research to date has examined a digital spiritual and mental health application among Gen Z. Research is needed to inform the development and evaluation of approaches to address the spiritual and mental health of Gen Z via digital means (eg, mobile apps).
Using a Virtual Reality Tool to Provide Primary Prevention Training in the Construction Field Following a Periodic Medical Visit: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chamot Sylvain , Mahieu Isabelle , Delzard Marion , Leroy Léa , Marhic Gwen , Gignon Maxime
Published: January 2024

Background

The construction field is highly concerned with the risk of work-related accidents, and training employees is difficult due to their small numbers in most companies.

Objective

This study aimed to study the impact of a virtual reality (VR) training tool following a periodic occupational health medical visit on the feeling of personal effectiveness in preventing occupational risks related to co-activity on a construction site.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study with employees who had a periodic medical visit between April 1, 2022, and October 13, 2022, in a French occupational health service specializing in the construction field (Services Médicaux Interentreprises Bâtiment Travaux Publics [SMIBTP]). The employees were divided into 2 groups according to the training received: a medical visit alone or coupled with a session with a VR tool. We compared the scores for a “feeling of self-efficacy in occupational risk prevention” using the Fisher exact test.

Results

Of the 588 employees included, 210 had a medical visit alone, and 378 had a medical visit coupled with VR training. Training with the VR tool was associated with an increased “feeling of self-efficacy in occupational risk prevention.” The employees who benefited from the training reported a willingness to apply the advice given on prevention to a greater extent than those who did not, and they believed that risks on the worksite could be reduced using this tool.

Conclusions

Using VR training as a complement to periodic medical visits in an occupational health service improves the feeling of personal effectiveness in occupational risk prevention at the end of the training. If this trend is confirmed over a longer period of time, it could be an easily accessible prevention lever for employees in the future.
Physicians’ and Patients’ Expectations From Digital Agents for Consultations: Interview Study Among Physicians and Patients
Authors: Färber Andri , Schwabe Christiane , Stalder Philipp H , Dolata Mateusz , Schwabe Gerhard
Published: January 2024

Background

Physicians are currently overwhelmed by administrative tasks and spend very little time in consultations with patients, which hampers health literacy, shared decision-making, and treatment adherence.

Objective

This study aims to examine whether digital agents constructed using fast-evolving generative artificial intelligence, such as ChatGPT, have the potential to improve consultations, adherence to treatment, and health literacy. We interviewed patients and physicians to obtain their opinions about 3 digital agents—a silent digital expert, a communicative digital expert, and a digital companion (DC).

Methods

We conducted in-depth interviews with 25 patients and 22 physicians from a purposeful sample, with the patients having a wide age range and coming from different educational backgrounds and the physicians having different medical specialties. Transcripts of the interviews were deductively coded using MAXQDA (VERBI Software GmbH) and then summarized according to code and interview before being clustered for interpretation.

Results

Statements from patients and physicians were categorized according to three consultation phases: (1) silent and communicative digital experts that are part of the consultation, (2) digital experts that hand over to a DC, and (3) DCs that support patients in the period between consultations. Overall, patients and physicians were open to these forms of digital support but had reservations about all 3 agents.

Conclusions

Ultimately, we derived 9 requirements for designing digital agents to support consultations, treatment adherence, and health literacy based on the literature and our qualitative findings.
Exploring Adolescents’ Attitudes Toward Mental Health Apps: Concurrent Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Høgsdal Helene , Kyrrestad Henriette , Rye Marte , Kaiser Sabine
Published: January 2024

Background

Adolescence is a critical time in which many psychological disorders develop. Mental health promotion is important, especially during this period. In recent years, an increasing number of mobile apps geared toward mental health promotion and preventing mental illness have been developed specifically for adolescents, with the goal of strengthening their mental health and well-being.

Objective

This study aims to explore adolescents’ attitudes toward mental health apps, as well as the perceived usefulness of mental health apps.

Methods

In this mixed methods study, a total of 183 adolescents (mean age 15.62, SD 3.21 years) answered a cross-sectional questionnaire, with 10 questions (eg, “What do you think about mental health apps in general?”). To complement the quantitative findings, individual interviews were conducted with 9 adolescents, during which they could elaborate on their opinions about mental health apps.

Results

A total of 30% (56/183) of the adolescents in the quantitative study had used a mental health app. Over half of the respondents (77/126, 61.1%) reported that they would use a mental health app if they had a mental health problem as well as that they thought mental health apps were somewhat or very useful (114/183, 62.3%). Availability was the most frequently reported advantage of mental health apps (107/183, 58.8%). Possible associated costs of mental health apps were the most frequently mentioned barrier to their use (87/183, 47.5%). Findings from the interviews also pointed to the importance of the availability of mental health apps as well as their credibility and potential to provide adolescents with autonomy when seeking mental health advice and help.

Conclusions

Overall, the results indicate that adolescents have a positive attitude toward and an interest in mental health apps. However, adolescents are also more or less unaware of such apps, which might be one reason why they are often not used. The findings of this study have important implications for future research on mental health apps and for developers of mental health apps that target young people. The insights gained from this study can inform the development of more effective mental health apps that better meet the needs and preferences of adolescents.
Developing a Framework to Infer Opioid Use Disorder Severity From Clinical Notes to Inform Natural Language Processing Methods: Characterization Study
Authors: Poulsen Melissa N , Freda Philip J , Troiani Vanessa , Mowery Danielle L
Published: January 2024

Background

Information regarding opioid use disorder (OUD) status and severity is important for patient care. Clinical notes provide valuable information for detecting and characterizing problematic opioid use, necessitating development of natural language processing (NLP) tools, which in turn requires reliably labeled OUD-relevant text and understanding of documentation patterns.

Objective

To inform automated NLP methods, we aimed to develop and evaluate an annotation schema for characterizing OUD and its severity, and to document patterns of OUD-relevant information within clinical notes of heterogeneous patient cohorts.

Methods

We developed an annotation schema to characterize OUD severity based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. In total, 2 annotators reviewed clinical notes from key encounters of 100 adult patients with varied evidence of OUD, including patients with and those without chronic pain, with and without medication treatment for OUD, and a control group. We completed annotations at the sentence level. We calculated severity scores based on annotation of note text with 18 classes aligned with criteria for OUD severity and determined positive predictive values for OUD severity.

Results

The annotation schema contained 27 classes. We annotated 1436 sentences from 82 patients; notes of 18 patients (11 of whom were controls) contained no relevant information. Interannotator agreement was above 70% for 11 of 15 batches of reviewed notes. Severity scores for control group patients were all 0. Among noncontrol patients, the mean severity score was 5.1 (SD 3.2), indicating moderate OUD, and the positive predictive value for detecting moderate or severe OUD was 0.71. Progress notes and notes from emergency department and outpatient settings contained the most and greatest diversity of information. Substance misuse and psychiatric classes were most prevalent and highly correlated across note types with high co-occurrence across patients.

Conclusions

Implementation of the annotation schema demonstrated strong potential for inferring OUD severity based on key information in a small set of clinical notes and highlighting where such information is documented. These advancements will facilitate NLP tool development to improve OUD prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Developing a Framework to Infer Opioid Use Disorder Severity From Clinical Notes to Inform Natural Language Processing Methods: Characterization Study (Preprint)
Authors: Poulsen Melissa N , Freda Philip J , Troiani Vanessa , Mowery Danielle L
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Information regarding opioid use disorder (OUD) status and severity is important for patient care. Clinical notes provide valuable information for detecting and characterizing problematic opioid use, necessitating development of natural language processing (NLP) tools, which in turn requires reliably labeled OUD-relevant text and understanding of documentation patterns.

OBJECTIVE

To inform automated NLP methods, we aimed to develop and evaluate an annotation schema for characterizing OUD and its severity, and to document patterns of OUD-relevant information within clinical notes of heterogeneous patient cohorts.

METHODS

We developed an annotation schema to characterize OUD severity based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. In total, 2 annotators reviewed clinical notes from key encounters of 100 adult patients with varied evidence of OUD, including patients with and those without chronic pain, with and without medication treatment for OUD, and a control group. We completed annotations at the sentence level. We calculated severity scores based on annotation of note text with 18 classes aligned with criteria for OUD severity and determined positive predictive values for OUD severity.

RESULTS

The annotation schema contained 27 classes. We annotated 1436 sentences from 82 patients; notes of 18 patients (11 of whom were controls) contained no relevant information. Interannotator agreement was above 70% for 11 of 15 batches of reviewed notes. Severity scores for control group patients were all 0. Among noncontrol patients, the mean severity score was 5.1 (SD 3.2), indicating moderate OUD, and the positive predictive value for detecting moderate or severe OUD was 0.71. Progress notes and notes from emergency department and outpatient settings contained the most and greatest diversity of information. Substance misuse and psychiatric classes were most prevalent and highly correlated across note types with high co-occurrence across patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Implementation of the annotation schema demonstrated strong potential for inferring OUD severity based on key information in a small set of clinical notes and highlighting where such information is documented. These advancements will facilitate NLP tool development to improve OUD prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

CLINICALTRIAL
Enhancing Chest X-Ray Based Abnormality Localization with Self-Supervised Learning (Preprint)
Authors: Sheng Haoyue , Ma Linrui , Liu Dianbo , Samson Jean-François
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Chest X-ray imaging based abnormality localization, essential in diagnosing various diseases, faces significant clinical challenges due to complex interpretations and the growing workload of radiologists. Recent advances in deep learning, especially self-supervised learning, offer promising solutions to enhance image analysis efficiency, accuracy and reliability.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to improve autonomic abnormality localization performance of chest X-ray image analysis, particularly in detecting abnormalities, using a self-supervised learning method called BarlowTwins-CXR.

METHODS

We utilized two publicly available datasets: the NIH Chest X-ray Dataset and the VinDr-CXR. The BarlowTwins-CXR approach was conducted in a two-stage training process. Initially, self-supervised pre-training was performed using an adjusted Barlow Twins algorithm on the NIH dataset with a Resnet50 backbone pre-trained on ImageNet. This was followed by supervised fine-tuning on the VinDr-CXR dataset using Faster R-CNN with Feature Pyramid Network (FPN). The study employed mean Average Precision (mAP) at an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 50% and Area Under the Curve (AUC) for performance evaluation.

RESULTS

Our experiments showed a significant improvement in model performance with BarlowTwins-CXR. The approach achieved a 3% increase in mAP50 accuracy compared to traditional ImageNet pre-trained models. In addition, the Ablation CAM method revealed enhanced precision in localizing chest abnormalities. The study involved 112,120 images from the NIH dataset and 18,000 images from the VinDr-CXR dataset, indicating robust training and testing samples.

CONCLUSIONS

BarlowTwins-CXR significantly enhances the efficiency and accuracy of chest X-ray image base abnormality localization, outperforming traditional transfer learning methods. Its ability to adapt to various imaging conditions and regional variations demonstrates the potential of self-supervised learning in medical diagnostics. This approach can be instrumental in aiding radiologists, particularly in high-workload environments, offering a promising direction for future AI-driven healthcare solutions.
Real-time treatment monitoring for patients receiving home-based peritoneal dialysis and prediction of heart failure risk: mHealth tools development and modeling study (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Jia , Yang Jun , Yang Jun , Yao Yutong , Xu Xiuling , Song Gaofeng , Yi Wuyong , Wang Taifen , Zheng Yihou , Zeng Youjia , Jia Zhongwei , Yan Xiangyu
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Peritoneal dialysis is one of the major renal replacement modalities for end-stage renal disease patients. Heart failure is a common adverse event among peritoneal dialysis patients, especially for those who operate continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) at home because of the lack of professional input-output volume monitoring and management during treatment.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop novel mHealth tools to improve the quality of home-based CAPD treatment, and build prediction model of heart failure based on the systems’ daily treatment monitoring data.

METHODS

The mHealth tools with four-layer system were designed and developed using Spring Boot, MyBatis Plus, MySQL and Redis as back-end technology stack, and Vue, Element UI and Wechat Mini Program as front-end technology stack. Patients were recruited to use the tool during daily peritoneal dialysis treatment from January 1, 2017 to April 20, 2023. Logistic regression model based on the real-time treatment monitoring data were used for heart failure prediction. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Youden index were calculated to evaluate the performance of the prediction model.

RESULTS

A WeChat Mini Program named Futou Bao for patients and a patients data management platform for doctors were developed. The Futou Bao included intelligent data upload function module and auxiliary function module. Four function modules made up the doctor’s data management platform, including patient management, data visualization and marking, data statistics and system management. During the study period, a total of 6635 peritoneal dialysis patients’ records were uploaded by Futou Bao with 0.71% of them (47 patients) occurring heart failure. The prediction model that included sex, age and diastolic blood pressure was considered as the optimal model, of which the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Youden index were 0.75, 0.91, 0.89 and 0.66, respectively, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.879 (95%CI: 0.772-0.986) using the validation dataset.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provided a new home-based peritoneal dialysis management paradigm that realized the real-time monitoring and early warning of heart failure risk. This novel paradigm was of great value to improve the efficiency, security and personalization of peritoneal dialysis.
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIBIOTICS PRESCRIPTION PATTERN BY USING WHO PRESCRIBING INDICATORS IN GENERAL MEDICINE WARD OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: B. J. VINEEL , P. M. SATHISH , R. YOGANANDA
Published: January 2024

Objective: Antibiotics encompass a great extent of the important cornerstone in clinical medicine. Antibiotics are being used more often for treatment, prophylaxis, and diagnosis as the diversity of infectious illnesses grows. Irrational prescribing of antibiotics leads to antibiotic resistance, ineffective treatment, polypharmacy, and an increase in treatment cost. This study is to assess prescribing pattern of antibiotics in the general medicine ward of a tertiary care hospital, Chitradurga.

Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of six months. A self-designed data collection form was used to collect the data from the prescriptions. The collected data was entered and analysed using Microsoft Excel.

Results: In 300 prescriptions, a total of 2,468 drugs were prescribed, with an average of 8.2 drugs per prescription. A total of 719 antibiotics were prescribed, with an average of 2.3 per prescription. Percentage of antibiotics prescribed by generic name was 6% and prescribed according to EDL was 74%. About 96% of prescriptions containing antibiotics are in injection form. Ceftriaxone (30.32%) was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic. Cephalosporins (44.51%) were the most frequently prescribed class of antibiotics.

Conclusion: This study indicate that prescription pattern was not optimal compared to the recommended values of the WHO core prescribing indicators. The prescribing practices were not appropriate as they consisted of polypharmacy, lesser prescription by generic name, and parenteral route of administration more than the oral route. Hence, there is a need to implement the standards of antibiotic guidelines prescribed rational therapy.
Love in the Flesh, Toni Morrison and Hortense Spillers 30 years after Beloved and Mama’s Baby, Papa’s Maybe
Authors:   Binghamton University, Montero Roberto
Published: January 2024

The publications of Hortense Spillers’ Mama’s Baby, Papa’s Maybe: An American Grammar Book and Toni Morrison’s Beloved marks 1987 as an important year in the history of black textual production. Without planning, Morrison teaches us how to read Spillers and Spillers to read Morrison, despite differences in form. Spillers articulates a “praxis of ungendered flesh,” to theorize the relegation of the slave’s body to commodity that sutures slavery to blackness (Spillers 1987). Morrison takes up this same task through the experiences of life, time, and memory for Sethe, an escaped slave who kills her daughter when at risk of being returned to slavery. Through powerful literary fiction, Morrison transforms Spillers’ sophisticated parlance into hauntingly beautiful prose, demonstrating a common strand of thinking about slavery and its afterlife. Through an analysis of critical themes in Beloved, this paper seeks to articulate a reading of ‘Beloved in the flesh,’ engaging with an ongoing academic conversation about black subjectivity and the replication of slavery as such; taking to heart the implications of the distinct literary forms to demonstrate and enact through writing the impossibility of limiting the discourse of blackness (and anti-blackness as the structural phenomenon that’s positioned by and positions blackness) to one discipline or mode of thought.
Efemérides
Authors: Cárdenas Sosa Claudia , Gómez-Aguado Guadalupe
Published: January 2024

La propuesta didáctica que se presenta se basa en la experiencia didáctica interdisciplinaria de llevar a cabo las conferencias “Efemérides”, las cuales versan sobre temas históricos y están dirigidas específicamente a estudiantes extranjeros a partir del nivel Español 3 del Centro de Enseñanza para Extranjeros de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (A2, según el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia [MCER]). Se reflexiona sobre el hecho de aprender español en inmersión y la manera en que el conocimiento histórico enriquece la experiencia de aprendizaje; posteriormente se explica el concepto de referentes culturales en su fase de aproximación y su relación con la metodología CLIL, (Content and Language Integrated Learning), que es el sustento teórico de las “Efemérides”, al tiempo que se exponen los componentes centrales de esta metodología. Más adelante se examina la importancia de obtener conocimientos históricos situados en la experiencia de inmersión del estudiantado. Asimismo, se reflexiona sobre la interacción disciplinaria en la enseñanza de la historia desde una perspectiva intercultural y el papel y los límites de cada disciplina. Posteriormente se describen la estructura y la planeación para cada una de las conferencias; la manera en que se desarrolla cada segmento; la etapa de la lengua y las teorías que subyacen en su puesta en práctica, así como la parte sustancial, que es la efeméride seleccionada y los objetivos que se persiguen. Finalmente, se hace una recapitulación de los conceptos rectores y la metodología utilizada.