bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptor protein RapZ activates endoribonuclease RNase E by protein–protein interaction to cleave a small regulatory RNA
Authors: Durica-Mitic Svetlana , Göpel Yvonne , Amman Fabian , Görke Boris
Published: May 2020

In Escherichia coli, endoribonuclease RNase E initiates degradation of many RNAs and represents a hub for post-transcriptional regulation. The tetrameric adaptor protein RapZ targets the small regulatory RNA GlmZ to degradation by RNase E. RapZ binds GlmZ through a domain located at the carboxyl terminus and interacts with RNase E, promoting GlmZ cleavage in the base-pairing region. When necessary, cleavage of GlmZ is counteracted by the homologous small RNA GlmY, which sequesters RapZ through molecular mimicry. In the current study, we addressed the molecular mechanism employed by RapZ. We show that RapZ mutants impaired in RNA-binding but proficient in binding RNase E are able to stimulate GlmZ cleavage in vivo and in vitro when provided at increased concentrations. In contrast, a truncated RapZ variant retaining RNA-binding activity but incapable of contacting RNase E lacks this activity. In agreement, we find that tetrameric RapZ binds the likewise tetrameric RNase E through direct interaction with its large globular domain within the catalytic amino terminus, independent of RNA. Although RapZ stimulates cleavage of at least one non-cognate RNA by RNase E in vitro, its activity is restricted to GlmZ in vivo as revealed by RNA sequencing, suggesting that certain features within the RNA substrate are also required for cleavage. In conclusion, RapZ boosts RNase E activity through interaction with its catalytic domain, which represents a novel mechanism of RNase E activation. In contrast, RNA-binding has a recruiting role, increasing the likelihood that productive RapZ/GlmZ/RNase E complexes form.
Evolução do conceito de Gestão Social (1990-2018): uma análise de copalavras
Authors: Aguiar-Barbosa Amanda de Paula , Chim-Miki Adriana Fumi
Published: May 2020

O presente analisa a evolução do conceito de gestão social de 1990-2018, verificando o grau de consenso dos pesquisadores sobre seus elementos constitutivos a fim de propor um conceito integrativo. Foi realizada uma meta-análise de 94 definições de gestão social usando técnicas de análises de copalavras, de conteúdo e o índice de consenso Kappa. Os resultados mostraram que o conceito de gestão social evoluiu em termos de consenso na comunidade acadêmica com o passar dos anos, mas ainda é um campo em fase pré-paradigmática, pois o consenso entre os autores sobre seus termos-chave não passa do nível moderado. Os achados indicam que os autores concordam mais sobre para quem se dirige a gestão social, qual seu lócus, e que é um modelo de gestão diferenciado. Porém este diferencial está baseado em características teóricas que carregam o construto de um grau de abstração. Para retirá-lo deste estágio, deveria haver um consenso sobre como executar gestão social. Porém, na desconstrução léxica da análise de conteúdo, a categoria verbos (ação) foi a que apresentou mais baixo consenso entre os autores. O estudo contribuiu com a literatura do campo ao oferecer um conceito integrador baseado nos elementos de maior nível de consenso entre os pesquisadores, além de oferecer uma análise sistemática e um estado de arte do elemento fundamental de um campo de estudo: seu conceito.
Current status of global research on novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a bibliometric analysis and knowledge mapping
Authors: Hossain Md Mahbub
Published: May 2020

Background: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a major global health concern due to its pathogenicity and widespread distribution around the world. Despite a growing interest, little is known about the current state of research on COVID-19. This bibliometric study evaluated the contemporary scientific literature to assess the evolution of knowledge on COVID-19, identify the leading research stakeholders, and analyze the conceptual areas of knowledge development in this domain.

Methods: Bibliometric data on COVID-19 related studies published until April 1, 2020, were retrieved from Web of Science core collection. Further, a quantitative evaluation and visualizations of knowledge areas in COVID-19 research were created by statistical and text-mining approaches using bibliometric tools and R software.

Results: A total of 422 citations were retained in this study, including journal articles, reviews, letters, and other publications. The mean number of authors and citations per document was 3.91 and 2.47, respectively. Also, the top ten articles, authors, and journals were identified based on the frequencies of citations and publications. Networks of contributing authors, institutions, and countries were visualized in maps, which highlight discrete developments in research collaborations. Major areas identified through evaluating keywords and text data included genetic, epidemiological, zoonotic, and other biological topics associated with COVID-19.

Conclusions: Current status of COVID-19 research shows early development in different areas of knowledge. More research should be conducted in less-explored areas, including socioeconomic determinants and impacts of COVID-19. Also, global research collaboration should be encouraged for strengthening evidence-based decision-making preventing and addressing the COVID-19 pandemic and aftermath.
Recent advances in the technology of anesthesia
Authors: Seger Christian , Cannesson Maxime
Published: May 2020

The practice of anesthesiology is inextricably dependent upon technology. Anesthetics were first made possible, then increasingly safe, and now more scalable and efficient in part due to advances in monitoring and delivery technology. Herein, we discuss salient advances of the last three years in the technology of anesthesiology.

Consumer technology and telemedicine have exploded onto the scene of outpatient medicine, and perioperative management is no exception. Preoperative evaluations have been done via teleconference, and copious consumer-generated health data is available. Regulators have acknowledged the vast potential found in the transfer of consumer technology to medical practice, but issues of privacy, data ownership/security, and validity remain.

Inside the operating suite, monitoring has become less invasive, and clinical decision support systems are common. These technologies are susceptible to the “garbage in, garbage out” conundrum plaguing artificial intelligence, but they will improve as network latency decreases. Automation looms large in the future of anesthesiology as closed-loop anesthesia delivery systems are being tested in combination (moving toward a comprehensive system).

Moving forward, consumer health companies will search for applications of their technology, and loosely regulated health markets will see earlier adoption of next-generation technology. Innovations coming to anesthesia will need to account for human factors as the anesthesia provider is increasingly considered a component of the patient care apparatus.
Pragmatism as Metal Basis of National Character and Communication Style of Americans
Authors: Panova Yu.
Published: May 2020

The article covers pragmatism as the national philosophy of the Americans. The main concept of pragmatism is the Truth put in the shape of the thesis: «The Truth is that I believe into». The author states that this principle appears as the main vital one which the Americans are ruled by both at the international stage and in the interpersonal relations inside the country. The ethic of situationism occurs as the identical concept determining the Americans’ behavior according to the situation profitable at the given period of time. In the same way opportunism appears as the skill of using of any methods and possibilities for the aim achievement, i.e the Truth achievement. The author offers to consider the «the pragmatic faith» as the reflection of the Americans’ mentality occurring unconsciously and determining their actions in many ways.
O Imaginário, imaginação e narrativas: esboço para uma teoria das imagens
Authors: De Morais Osvando José
Published: May 2020

Propomos refletir ensaisticamente sobre imagens no século XXI e analisa-las a partir das propostas de Italo Calvino para este século, concebidas por ele nos anos 1980 como seis grandezas ou qualidades essenciais às narrativas em seus vários sentidos, mas fundamentais para entender o audiovisual nos ‘media’ atuais. Enfatizamos neste trabalho que discutir e analisar estas especificidades presentes na obra do autor italiano e mais ainda fundamenta-las nos conceitos de Imagem, Imaginação e Imaginário de Jean-Paul Sartre adquire uma dimensão especial que já se constitui metodologicamente como pesquisa teórica, cujo resultado forma uma base sólida e fundamental para a construção e criação de narrativas aplicadas às imagens portadoras de histórias, adaptáveis a quaisquer suportes. Como resultado imediato neste artigo, constatou-se que o conceito de imagem como consciência de alguma experiência, objeto central das reflexões de Sartre, dialoga e completa filosoficamente as grandezas narrativas e literárias de Calvino. Finalmente, constatamos que as teorias e conceitos de Calvino e Sartre subsidiam de maneira ampla os estudos aplicados à produção e criação dos textos narrativos literários e também os roteiros técnicos instrumentais, intermediários às narrativas com imagens, independentes de suportes.
Compressed single-shot hyperspectral imaging for combustion diagnostics
Authors: He Zichen , Williamson Nathan , Smith Cary D. , Gragston Mark , Zhang Zhili
Published: May 2020

This paper demonstrates a compressed sensing-based single-shot hyperspectral imaging system for combustion diagnostics. The hyperspectral system can capture well-resolved spectra in a 2D plane through a single shot, i.e., converting a 3D data cube of 2D spatial and 1D spectral information into a compressed 2D hyperspectral image. Experimentally, the light emissions are first coded by a random binary pattern to generate the hyperspectral content, which is then sent through a spectrometer. The resulting compressed hyperspectral image is computationally analyzed to recover original 2D spatial and 1D spectral information.

C

2
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and

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H

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chemiluminescence emissions of a methane/air flame at various equivalence ratios are measured using the compressed hyperspectral imaging technique. Comparison to traditional measurements shows good agreement in the correlation of emission ratio to equivalence ratio. The technique can be further applied to other laser-based combustion diagnostics.
Stress-released Si3N4 fabrication process for dispersion-engineered integrated silicon photonics
Authors: Wu Kaiyi , Poon Andrew W.
Published: May 2020

We develop a stress-released stoichiometric silicon nitride (Si3N4) fabrication process for dispersion-engineered integrated silicon photonics. To relax the high tensile stress of a thick Si3N4 film grown by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process, we grow the film in two steps and introduce a conventional dense stress-release pattern onto a ∼400nm-thick Si3N4 film in between the two steps. Our pattern helps minimize crack formation by releasing the stress of the film along high-symmetry periodic modulation directions and helps stop cracks from propagating. We demonstrate a nearly crack-free ∼830nm-thick Si3N4 film on a 4” silicon wafer. Our Si3N4 photonic platform enables dispersion-engineered, waveguide-coupled microring and microdisk resonators, with cavity sizes of up to a millimeter. Specifically, our 115µm-radius microring exhibits an intrinsic quality (Q)-factor of ∼2.0×106 for the TM00 mode and our 575µm-radius microdisk demonstrates an intrinsic Q of ∼4.0×106 for TM modes in 1550nm wavelengths.
Modeling and design of a coupled PhC slab sensor for simultaneous detection of refractive index and temperature with strong anti-interference ability
Authors: Yang Ying , Wang Zheng , Sun FuJun , Tian HuiPing
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we propose a coupled-double-photonic-crystal-slab (CDPCS) sensor for simultaneously detecting refractive index (RI) and temperature (T) with high accuracy and strong anti-interference ability, using transverse magnetic-like (TM-like) mode and transverse electric-like (TE-like) mode. Based on the temporal coupled-mode theory, the theoretical model of the structure is established and the transmission formula is derived. The agreement between the theoretical and the simulated transmission spectra is proved. In order to achieve both high quality (Q)-factor and high modulation depth, the structure is optimized by adjusting the geometric parameters. The Q-factors of both TM-like mode and TE-like mode reach a magnitude order of 105. For the dual-parameter sensing, high RI sensitivities of 960 nm/RIU and 210 nm/RIU, and T sensitivities of -66.5 pm/K and 50.75 pm/K, are obtained for TM-like mode and TE-like mode, respectively. The relative deviations of RI and T sensing are as low as 0.6% and 1.0%, respectively, indicating high detection accuracy. Even considering the influence of external interference, the sensor can effectively resist external interference. The proposed CDPCS sensor has remarkable performance improvements in sensitivity, Q-factor, detection accuracy, and anti-interference ability. This study shows great potential in on-chip sensing and multi-parameter detection.
Polarization-diversity receiver using remotely delivered local oscillator without optical polarization control
Authors: Ji Honglin , Zhou Xian , Sun Chuanbowen , Shieh William
Published: May 2020

Silicon photonics coherent transceivers have integrated all the necessary optics except the lasers. The laser source has become a major obstacle to further reduce the cost, footprint, power consumption of the coherent transceivers for short-reach optical interconnects. One solution is to utilize remotely delivered local oscillator (LO) from the transmitter, which has the benefits of relaxing the requirements of wavelength stability and laser linewidth and simplifying the digital signal processing (DSP) of carrier/phase recovery. However, a sophisticated adaptive polarization controller (APC) driven by a control loop in the electrical domain with a complicated algorithm is required to dynamically track and compensate for the polarization wandering of the received LO. In this paper, we propose a hybrid single-polarization coherent receiver and Stokes vector receiver (SVR) for polarization-diversity coherent detection without a need of optical polarization control for the remotely delivered LO. With such a scheme, we successfully received a 400-Gb/s dual-polarization constellation-shaped 64-QAM signal over 80-km fibers.
Period multiplication in mode-locked figure-of-9 fiber lasers
Authors: Zhou Jiaqi , Pan Weiwei , Feng Yan
Published: May 2020

Period multiplication is a bifurcation phenomenon, which depicts a typical roadmap from periodic steady-state to chaos. There has been particular interest in studying period multiplication properties in mode-locked lasers, but the mechanism behind is still not well-studied. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a figure-of-9 fiber laser which can generate period-multiplied pulses with long-term stability. Further theoretical insight is obtained by numerical simulations, which clearly shows that the ratio between the distances of each bifurcation point is approaching the Feigenbaum constant. We believe that the laser design presented here could be a stable and reliable ultrafast optical platform to study bifurcation and chaos, which also has potential applications in optical frequency comb and all-optical modulation.
Optical coherent control of stimulated Brillouin scattering via acoustic wave interference
Authors: Okawa Youhei , Hotate Kazuo
Published: May 2020

We propose and demonstrate a novel method for controlling stimulated Brillouin scattering with light in a phase-sensitive manner. Our results indicate that Brillouin gain can be enhanced or suppressed in a polarization-maintaining fiber via acoustic wave interference by controlling the relative phase of orthogonally polarized light, which induces acoustic waves. This method paves the way for the all-optical control of Brillouin interaction.
UJARAN KEBENCIAN (KHITĀB AL-KARĀHIYAH) DALAM RUANG KONTESTASI SOSIAL POLITIK ARAB KONTEMPORER
Authors: Yoyo Yoyo
Published: May 2020

The collapse of most authoritarian rulers in the Arab world in particular and the Middle East in general, was automatically followed by a wider change in the direction of political policy and freedom of expression (hurriyyah al-ta'bīr), channeled through various social media. The freedom of expression does not always have positive implications but is accompanied by the growth of expressions of hatred. Hate speech or khitāb al-karāhiyah contri-butes to the social and political contestation of the Arab Arab World. The research questions in this study are as follow (1) what factors are behind the emergence of hate speech in the Arab world?(2) what is the form and type of hate speech that occurs in the Arab socio-political context? and (3) what is the meaning behind the hate speech? The primary research data were newspapers, journals, related books, and supporting data obtained online. These data were analyzed qualitatively based on the sequence of research formulation. The data analyzed with a socio-pragmatic approach combined with a discourse analysis approach that views language as a social symbol. The results of the study show that (1) hate speech in the context of the Arab World emerged from diverse contexts such as the clash among football supporters, Sunni vs. Shia, and the tensions among rebel groups and the rulers, and the peak of the hate speech occurred during the Arab Spring; (2) though hate speech may be expressed using neutral terms, it essentially refers to a particular discourse; (3) forms of hate speech are contained in the selection of words that are rude, dirty, and hateful; 4) forms of hate speech are expressed in the form of revolutionary slogans. These three forms of hate speech have a referential meaning towards the social facts that occur, namely in the form of the guiding of certain political discourses such as criticism of the Mubarak regime, hatred of certain social groups such as the IM, hatred of political figures, and incitement to commit criminal acts.
IJEN CAR FREE DAY: Gelanggang Olahraga Imajiner di Kota Malang
Authors: Harjo Indhar Wahyu Wira
Published: May 2020

The availability of sports facilities and the number of residents in Malang shows a lack of balance in proportion. The government of Malang city has made some attempts to collaborate with any parties to allocate the proportional sports facilities for the residents. To deal with the problem, the government has designed a program called Ijen Car Free Day (ICFD) as one alternative of solutions. The Ijen Street, which mostly functions as the main street, has also served as a sport center. The present study aims at investigating the utilization of roads of Ijen Street as one of sports centers. The analysis is carried out to re-observe the use of public space that has experienced some transformations. The data collected are examined thoroughly by implementing the research method of descriptive qualitative. The result of the study indicates that the Ijen Street is a sterile road section of motor vehicles at 06:00 up to 10:00, and during the time, the road is used for some sports activities. The so-called elite region of Malang city has transformed into courts for morning gymnastics and jogging tracks along the way. In addition, the area is also used as a social, economic, and cultural spaces. The visitors of Ijen CFD often takes the chance to sell some products, join some communities, and perform some shows of art and culture. The comprehension of the models of space use is necessary to optimize the management of Ijen CFD in the future.  Proporsi ketersediaan fasilitas olahraga dengan jumlah penduduk di Kota Malang memperlihatkan ketimpangan. Pemerintah Kota Malang berupaya melakukan kerja sama dengan berbagai pihak untuk menyediakan fasilitas olahraga yang proporsional bagi warga. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, Pemerintah Kota Malang merancang Program Ijen Car Free Day (ICFD) sebagai alternatif solusi dengan mengalihfungsikan Jalan Besar Ijen sebagai wahana olahraga. Penelitian ini menelaah penggunaan ruas Jalan Besar Ijen sebagai gelanggang olahraga. Telaah tersebut untuk meninjau kembali penggunaan ruang publik yang mengalami transformasi pemanfaatan. Data diulas menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kawasan Jalan Ijen menjadi ruas jalan yang steril dari kendaraan bermotor sejak pukul 06.00 hingga 10.00. Di rentang waktu itu, jalan raya dimanfaatkan untuk ruang olahraga. Sepanjang kawasan itu berubah menjadi ‘lapangan’ untuk senam pagi, joging track, atau jalan santai. Selain itu, kawasan tersebut juga digunakan sebagai ruang sosial, ekonomi dan budaya. Para pengunjung ICFD acapkali menggunakan kesempatan itu untuk berjualan, berkumpul dengan komunitas, dan melakukan pertunjukan seni-budaya. Pemahaman terhadap model-model penggunaan ruang tersebut diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan pengelolaan Ijen CFD.
THE UTILISATION OF FACEBOOK GROUP IN BUILDING SOCIAL MEDIA-BASED BRAND COMMUNITY BY A SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Dewi Ambar Sari
Published: May 2020

Internet and social media play important role in fostering both the creation of identities and the development of brand community. Brand community is a community of consumers of a specific brand that are socially constructed and shaped. However, research on this topic are mostly investigated at large enterprises context, leaving some gaps at small-medium enterprises (SMEs) context. SMEs, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia, hold important role to the country’s economic development. Therefore, this study aims to examine how SMEs build social media-based brand community by using qualitative research as its approach and applied a case study research method to investigate a Yogyakarta-based SME, AB. Findings show that AB build social media-based brand community on Facebook group with the help of its loyal customers. Strong relationship and intense interaction formed between the AB’s owner and some loyal customers are characteristics of social media-based brand community found in this research.
Psychospołeczne uwarunkowania oceny znaczenia własnej choroby przez osoby przewlekle chore
Authors: Joanna Furmańska Joanna Furmańska , Rzepa Teresa , Pietrzak-Nowacka Maria , Koziarska Dorota
Published: May 2020

The literature on the subject identifies chronic disease as a stressor which imposes new adaptive tasks on patients and requires them to change their lifestyle. Therefore, the issues of disease assessment and adaptation to illness, based on individual knowledge of the disease and subjective appraisal of its influence on day-to-day functioning, are becoming increasingly important. In the present article, the appraisal of disease significance is to be understood as a dynamic effect of subjective assessment of one’s own life situation due to chronic disease. The aim of the analysis was validation of the relationship between the basic sociodemographic factors and the appraisal of the significance of a chronic disease among patients with RRMS and diabetes type 2, as well as verification whether these two diseases show any differences in terms of appraisal of their significance in opinion of the patients. In order to verify the hypotheses, The Disease-Related Appraisals Scale, and original scorecard designed to obtain sociodemographic data were used. The analysis was conducted on 118 patients with RRMS and 61 patients with diabetes type 2. The results show a statistically significant relationship between education level and the appraisal of disease significance considered as benefit and injustice among the two groups of patients. Additionally, in the group of patients with diabetes type 2, the aforementioned relationship was also found for appraisal of disease significance considered as a threat. Moreover, it was found that the analysed groups show significant differences in terms of recognition of the disease as an obstacle/loss. Diagnostic assessment of disease significance sets the direction and methods of therapeutic intervention provided, with the primary aim of improving the quality of life of patients suffering from a chronic disease.
Pogranicze w życiu jednostki i grup społecznych – fakty i kontrowersje
Authors: Miluska Jolanta
Published: May 2020

Borderland may be understand in the various ways. Especially important is the conception of the territorially borderland. The article contains its definitions and characteristics in the correlation with the function of border and trans-borderland. The review of research connected with the identity of borderland’s man and the influence of the borderland on its inhabitants (borderland “effect”) shows its incoherent. Author postulates the program of the further research.
Konserwatyzm czy konserwatyzmy? Problemy współczesnych badań nad źródłami przekonań prawicowych
Authors: Krzysztof Piątkowski Krzysztof Piątkowski
Published: May 2020

In the field of research on the determinants of conservative beliefs, the problem of liberal ideological bias is becoming more and more prominent. Traditionally conservatives are said to have weaker cognitive abilities and to experience more negative emotions. It is being noticed that classical theories of conservatism are based at least partially on a stereotyped image of the subject of their research. This paper presents an overview of classical and contemporary psychological attitudes towards the phenomenon of ideological conservatism. It presents theories of Tomkins, Adorno, Wilson and Paterson, as well as modern research conducted in the field of cognitive science and motivated cognition. Moreover, the most important phenomena identified today as causes of conservative attitudes, including Needs for Security and Certainty, Negativity Bias, and Disgust Sensitivity are being described. The paper discusses modern paradigms of understanding conservatism with the emphasis on determining their potential of reducing the one-sided view of psychology on the ideological conservatism.
Korporacje jako podmiot etyczny a koncepcja degrowth economy
Authors: Pogonowska Barbara
Published: May 2020

Barbara Pogonowska, Korporacje jako podmiot etyczny a koncepcja degrowth economy [Corporates as a ethical units regarding ‘degrowth economy’ concept] edited by W. Banach, M.A. Michalski, J. Sójka, „Człowiek i Społeczeństwo” vol. XLVI: Między Chinami a Zachodem. Pytanie o źródła chińskiego sukcesu gospodarczego [Between China and the West. An inquiry into the sources of the Chinese economic miracle], Poznań 2018, pp. 175–185, Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Social Sciences Press. ISSN 0239-3271.The article attempts to present a selective part of sphere of corporate social responsibility idea and practice’ evaluation. This idea and practice have been compared to some official EU & UN documents and ‘degrowth economy’ concept.
Z powrotem do oikos nomos, z powrotem do rzeczywistości… Materialistyczna transformacja kultury Zachodu a zwrot społeczno-kulturowy w ekonomii
Authors: Michalski Michał A.
Published: May 2020

Michał A. Michalski, Z powrotem do oikos nomos, z powrotem do rzeczywistości… Materialistyczna transformacja kultury Zachodu a zwrot społeczno-kulturowy w ekonomii [Back to oikos nomos, Back to Reality… Materialistic Transformation of the Western Culture and Socio-Cultural Turn in Economics] edited by W. Banach, M.A. Michalski, J. Sójka, „Człowiek i Społeczeństwo” vol. XLVI: Między Chinami a Zachodem. Pytanie o źródła chińskiego sukcesu gospodarczego [Between China and the West. An inquiry into the sources of the Chinese economic miracle], Poznań 2018, pp. 203–215, Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Social Sciences Press. ISSN 0239-3271.In this article, I put forward the thesis that the current socio-economic situation is to a large extent caused by the changes that have taken place in Western culture over the last few centuries. This means that, to a large extent, the considerations discussed here refer to the perspective of economic culture. The reason for undertaking this issue is paradoxical situation of socio-economic stagnationand recourse in the contemporary West which has achieved unprecedented level of social, scientific and technological development.In order to explain this problem, the article proposes to analyse the process of materialisation of the Western culture which means that the materialistic point of view colonizes at the same time capitalist and socialist concepts and policies. It becomes evident e.g. in the prioritizing economic policy and economic development as the universal solution to all social challenges and marginalizing metaphysical aspects of human and social existence. According to the conclusion of the article it is necessary to understand the influence of materialisticpoint of view in order to rethink and analyse contemporary shape of Western culture and condition of Western civilization.
Samoregulacja biznesowa w zakresie etyki biznesu firm zachodnich jako odpowiedź na łamanie praw pracowniczych w Chinach
Authors: Sroka Robert
Published: May 2020

Robert Sroka. Samoregulacja biznesowa w zakresie etyki biznesu firm zachodnich jako odpowiedź na łamanie praw pracowniczych w Chinach [Business self-regulation in terms of business ethics of Western companies as a response to violation of employee rights in China] edited by W. Banach, M.A. Michalski, J. Sójka, „Człowiek i Społeczeństwo” vol. XLVI: Między Chinami a Zachodem. Pytanie o źródła chińskiego sukcesu gospodarczego [Between China and the West. An inquiry into the sources of the Chinese economic miracle], Poznań 2018, pp. 145–158, Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Social Sciences Press. ISSN 0239-3271.Salary that does not meet basic life needs, working conditions that threaten life and health, employing children, forced labor, lack of freedom of association, long hours of work, destroying the environment, widespread corruption is just the beginning of a long list of unethical behaviors of companies in China, as well as Western companies producing in China.Under the pressure of non-governmental organizations and consumer boycotts in Europe and the USA, business self-regulatory initiatives have been created to raise working conditions at Chinese suppliers. The most popular self-regulations initiatives in terms of business ethics are: Ethical Trade Initiative (ETI), Business Social Compliance Initiative (amforiBSCI), Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000), International Council of Toy Industries (ICTI). Conducting research on self-regulation in the field of business ethics of Western companies operating in China, I analyze three issues. The first is to describe the source of the need to apply such self-regulatory initiatives, which is the outsourcing business strategy. The second element is to define the minimum rules that are broken due to the use of an outsourcing strategy. The third point of consideration is the presentation of the self-regulatory initiatives.
Note sur la réception du
Testament d’Abraham
dans la tradition arabo-islamique
Authors: Croq Alice
Published: May 2020

This brief note aims at contributing to the study of the reception of parabiblical narratives in hadith literature and Islamic historiography. Taking the Testament of Abraham as a case study, it sets out to analyse a particular literary motif shared by this text and an early version of the miʿrāǧ (Ascension) of the Prophet Muhammad. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the Testament of Abraham could have provided a number of elements for the redaction of at least one particular section of the miʿrāǧ. This hypothesis finds support in other cases of textual correspondence between several sections of the Testament of Abraham and other Islamic works such as the Tafsīr of Muqātil ibn Sulaymān (d. 150/767), the unedited Kitāb Mubtadaʾ al-dunyā wa-qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ of Abū Ḥuḏayfa al-Buḫārī Isḥāq ibn Bišr (d. 206/821) and Ibn ʿAsākir’s Taʾrīḫ madīnat Dimašq (d. 571/1176). The examined material thus throws additional light on the continuity between late antique apocrypha and nascent Arabic literature.
Inflammation Induced by Natural Neuronal Death and LPS Regulates Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation in the Healthy Adult Brain
Authors: Larson Tracy A. , Tokareva Yekaterina , Cole Marianne Meritt , Brenowitz Eliot A.
Published: May 2020

Inflammation is typically considered a negative response to injury or insult; however, recent advances demonstrate that inflammatory cells regulate development, plasticity, and homeostasis through anticytotoxic, progenerative responses. Here, we extend analyses of neuroinflammation to natural neurodegenerative and homeostatic states by exploiting seasonal plasticity in cytoarchitecture of the avian telencephalic song control nucleus, high vocal center [HVC (proper name)], in the songbird Gambel’s white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii). We report that local injection of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide into HVC of birds in both breeding (high circulating testosterone level) and nonbreeding (low circulating testosterone level) conditions increased neural progenitor cell proliferation in the nearby but distinct ventricular zone. Additionally, we found that oral administration of the anti-inflammatory drug minocycline during seasonal regression of HVC reduced microglia activation in HVC and prevented the normal proliferative response in the ventricular zone to apoptosis in HVC. Our results suggest that local neuroinflammation positively regulates neural progenitor cell proliferation and, in turn, contributes to the previously described repatterning of HVC cytoarchitecture following seasonally induced neuronal loss.
Human Face-Selective Cortex Does Not Distinguish between Members of a Racial Outgroup
Authors: Reggev Niv , Brodie Kirstan , Cikara Mina , Mitchell Jason P.
Published: May 2020

People often fail to individuate members of social outgroups, a phenomenon known as the outgroup homogeneity effect. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) repetition suppression to investigate the neural representation underlying this effect. In a preregistered study, White human perceivers (N = 29) responded to pairs of faces depicting White or Black targets. In each pair, the second face depicted either the same target as the first face, a different target from the same race, or a scrambled face outline. We localized face-selective neural regions via an independent task, and demonstrated that neural activity in the fusiform face area (FFA) distinguished different faces only when targets belonged to the perceivers’ racial ingroup (White). By contrast, face-selective cortex did not discriminate between other-race individuals. Moreover, across two studies (totalN = 67) perceivers were slower to discriminate between different outgroup members and remembered them to a lesser extent. Together, these results suggest that the outgroup homogeneity effect arises when early-to-mid-level visual processing results in an erroneous overlap of representations of outgroup members.
In VivoDiffusion Tensor Imaging in Acute and Subacute Phases of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats
Authors: San Martín Molina Isabel , Salo Raimo A. , Abdollahzadeh Ali , Tohka Jussi , Gröhn Olli , Sierra Alejandra
Published: May 2020

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common form of TBI with 10–25% of the patients experiencing long-lasting symptoms. The potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for evaluating microstructural damage after TBI is widely recognized, but the interpretation of DTI changes and their relationship with the underlying tissue damage is unclear. We studied how both axonal damage and gliosis contribute to DTI alterations after mTBI. We induced mTBI using the lateral fluid percussion (LFP) injury model in adult male Sprague Dawley rats and scanned them at 3 and 28 d post-mTBI. To characterize the DTI findings in the tissue, we assessed the histology by performing structure tensor (ST)-based analysis and cell counting on myelin-stained and Nissl-stained sections, respectively. In particular, we studied the contribution of two tissue components, myelinated axons and cellularity, to the DTI changes. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and axial diffusivity (AD) were decreased in both white and gray matter areas in the acute phase post-mTBI, mainly at the primary lesion site. In the subacute phase, FA and AD were decreased in the white matter, external capsule, corpus callosum, and internal capsule. Our quantitative histologic assessment revealed axonal damage and gliosis throughout the brain in both white and gray matter, consistent with the FA and AD changes. Our findings suggest that the usefulness ofin vivoDTI is limited in its detection of secondary damage distal to the primary lesion, while at the lesion site, DTI detected progressive microstructural damage in the white and gray matter after mTBI.
Predicting Neural Response Latency of the Human Early Visual Cortex from MRI-Based Tissue Measurements of the Optic Radiation
Authors: Takemura Hiromasa , Yuasa Kenichi , Amano Kaoru
Published: May 2020

Although the non-invasive measurement of visually evoked responses has been extensively studied, the structural basis of variabilities in latency in healthy humans is not well understood. We investigated how tissue properties of optic radiation could predict interindividual variability in the latency of the initial visually evoked component (C1), which may originate from the primary visual cortex (V1). We collected C1 peak latency data using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and checkerboard stimuli, and multiple structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 20 healthy subjects. While we varied the contrast and position of the stimuli, the C1 measurement was most reliable when high-contrast stimuli were presented to the lower visual field (LVF). We then attempted to predict interindividual variability in C1 peak latency in this stimulus condition with a multiple regression model using MRI parameters along the optic radiation. We found that this model could predict >20% of variance in C1 latency, when the data were averaged across the hemispheres. The model using the corticospinal tract did not predict variability in C1 latency, suggesting that there is no evidence for generalization to a non-visual tract. In conclusion, our results suggest that the variability in neural latencies in the early visual cortex in healthy subjects can be partly explained by tissue properties along the optic radiation. We discuss the challenges of predicting neural latency using current structural neuroimaging methods and other factors that may explain interindividual variance in neural latency.
Atividade física após angioplastia coronária: elaboração e validação de material educativo
Authors: Pitta Natássia Condilo , Gonçalves Eliane Ribeiro , Furuya Rejane Kiyomi , Rossi Lidia Aparecida
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: elaborar e validar material educativo sobre a realização de atividade física para pacientes submetidos à angioplastia. Métodos: elaborou-se material em formato de cartilha, considerando-se as etapas: levantamento da literatura, elaboração textual pertinente à reabilitação cardíaca e criação de ilustrações. A validação de conteúdo e aparência foi realizada por seis especialistas e seis participantes do público-alvo. Realizou-se pré-teste com outros 10 pacientes que aguardavam a angioplastia. Dados analisados descritivamente. Resultados: o material incluiu instruções e exercícios a serem realizados em todas as fases da reabilitação (aquecimento, exercícios, alongamentos, relaxamento). Os avaliadores consideraram o conteúdo pertinente e acataram-se as sugestões sobre a aparência. Pacientes, participantes da validação e do pré-teste consideraram que o material facilitaria a compreensão dos exercícios. Conclusão: o material foi considerado adequado para uso em pacientes submetidos à angioplastia.
Model for Development of Copra Farmer Empowerment Through Institutional Training
Authors: Irala Yuan Fence , Wisika Prajanti Sucihatiningsih Dian , Kardoyo Kardoyo
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to develop a model for the development of copra farmers’ empowerment through institutional training for farmer business groups which process coconut derivative products in Asimiro Village, Loloda Sub-district, Halmahera Regency. The study employed Research and Development approach. Meanwhile, there were two types of data used, namely primary and secondary data. The results showed that problems faced by copra farmers in Asimiro Village were limited capital, traditional technology, and marketing strategies that still depended on collectors. There are several farmers’ empowerment programs done through training and socialization conducted in Asimiro, namely: 1) program for the development of coconut and onion cultivation through the socialization from the Agricultural Technical Service of North Halmahera Regency; and 2) program for the improvement of smallholder welfare (PKPK) through training and socialization of “dapur sehat” (healthy kitchen) conducted by the Village Community Empowerment Agency in collaboration with the Family Planning Agency. The results of expert practitioner validation for the model gained the percentage of 80.76%. Meanwhile, the academics validators gave 74.99% for the model. It shows that the model for the empowerment of copra farmers in this study can be classified into good category and valid.
Determination and pharmacokinetics of calycanthine in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Lu Meifei , Lu Xiaojie , Yu Zheng , Wen Congcong
Published: May 2020

Calycanthine is an important class of alkaloids extracted and isolated from the roots, leaves, flowers and fruits of Chimonanthus praecox. In this work, the UPLC-MS/MS method was used for determination of calycanthine in rat plasma, and the pharmacokinetics in rats were investigated. Midazolam was used as an internal standard (IS), and methanol precipitation method was used to pretreatment the rat plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a UPLC BEH C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column with the mobile phase of methanol- 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution with gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive ionization was applied for quantitative analysis, m/z 347.3 → 246.7 and 326.2 → 291.4 for calycanthine and IS, respectively. The results indicated that within the range of 1–200 ng/mL, linearity of calycanthine in rat plasma was good (r > 0.995), and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1 ng/mL. Accuracy range was between 90.6 and 109.4%, precision (RSD) of calycanthine was less than 14%. The matrix effect was between 97.9% and 105.4%, the recovery was better than 85.6%. The developed UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetics of calycanthine in rats after oral and intravenous administration. The absolute bioavailability of the calycanthine was 37.5% in rats.
HOMESCHOOLING E A NEGAÇÃO DO DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO: um desdobramento do estado neoliberal
Authors: Silva Clemildo Anacleto da , Almeida Emanoel Rodrigues , Ferro Karla Érika Ferreira
Published: May 2020

Há uma relação de determinação recíproca entre os direitos humanos e o Estado. O presente texto pretende compreender como se dá essa relação no contexto do neoliberalismo. Os objetivos específicos são: 1) demonstrar a forma do Estado neoliberal; 2) compreender como tal forma de Estado determina a criação dos direitos humanos e por fim 2) apresentar o homeschooling como uma expressão da privatização do direito à educação.Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo do tipo bibliográfico, baseada nas contribuições de teóricos como: Lukács (2012), Antunes (2003), Padilha (2014), Santomé(2003), Gentilli (1998), entre outros. Percebeu-se que o homeschooling é uma expressão do Estado Neoliberal em sua empreitada de privatização dos direitos humanos, neste caso do direito à educação.
EDUCAÇÃO E DESIGUALDADE SOCIAL: O SENTIDO DE AÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS DE COTAS RACIAIS NESTE CONTEXTO
Authors: De Azevedo Canci Manfio Chanauana , Moll Jaqueline
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem conceitual e reflexiva acerca das desigualdades sociais e educacionais como base para uma discussão que leve em consideração a presença, no contexto brasileiro, de políticas públicas de ações afirmativas. Enfatiza-se o debate e a relação entre estratificação social e sistema educacional, evidenciando-se o direito à educação e a democratização da educação superior, apontando a função social da universidade e das políticas públicas de cotas. Discute-se a falta uma visão contextual do problema educativo, que seja capaz de considerar a estrutura política e social do país, apontando as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos estudantes pobres desde a sua entrada na escola, geralmente em condições muito desiguais. Conclui que o sistema educacional precisa ser reconstruído como estrutura formadora de cidadania, deixando de reproduzir as injustiças sociais, raciais e de gênero. Nesse sentido, o ideal de educação pública, gratuita e igualitária só pode ser uma construção efetiva quando os interesses de determinados grupos sociais não prevalecerem frente à finalidade maior de construção democrática e do sentido de nação.
CONHECIMENTO, SABER E PODER: uma perspectiva descolonial no Ensino Médio Politécnico?
Authors: Gonzaga Jorge Luiz Ayres , Ferreira Gilberto , Ferreira Gilberto
Published: May 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a reestruturação curricular realizada no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul no período do ano de 2011 a 2014, denominado de Ensino Médio Politécnico. Procura compreender em que dimensão esta reestruturação contribuiu para qualificação da educação pública. O referencial teórico está articulado em três concepções e em suas possíveis aproximações sendo elas a propostas elaboradas por Karl Marx explicitadas no Materialismo Histórico e Dialético, nas concepções de Modernidade e Colonialidade, na Descolonialidade do saber e do poder elaboradas por Aníbal Quijano, da Filosofia da Libertação de Enrique Dussel e nos princípios da Educação Popular concebidos por Paulo Freire. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada é a concepção dialética da história a partir das análises do referencial teórico, dos documentos emanados pela Secretaria Estadual da Educação do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e em resultados de avaliações externas do INEP e do ENEM ambos vinculados ao MEC e estudos de pesquisadores sobre o tema no nível de mestrado e doutorado. Os resultados apontam para qualificação desta etapa da Educação Básica. Os índices de retenção e de abandono obtiveram significativo declínio bem como as avaliações de proficiência como demonstram os gráficos no estudo.
ÇALIŞMA YAŞAMINDA ÖRGÜTSEL ADALETSİZLİK ALGISININ YÖNETİCİLERİN İŞTEN AYRILMA NİYETİ, YAŞAM TATMİNİ, GERİ ÇEKİLME VE NEZAKETSİZLİK DAVRANIŞLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN TESPİTİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: AYKAN Ebru
Published: May 2020

İşyerlerinde adaletsizlik algısı birey ve örgütlere zarar veren, olumsuz sonuçlar yaratan unsurlar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu araştırmada yöneticilerin örgütsel adaletsizlik algılarının işten ayrılma niyetleri, yaşam tatminleri, geri çekilme ve nezaketsizlik davranışları üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma evrenini Kayseri İli, Kayseri Organize Sanayi Bölgesinde Makine Sanayinde faaliyet gösteren 51 işletmenin yöneticileri oluşturmuştur. Oluşturulan araştırma modelini test etmek amacıyla yapısal eşitlik modellemesinden faydalanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda örgütsel adalet algısının işten ayrılma niyeti ve nezaketsizlik davranışını pozitif yönde etkilediği tespit edilirken yaşam tatmini ve geri çekilme davranışları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı belirlenmiştir.