bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causal inference in dentistry: Time to move forward
Authors: Schuch Helena Silveira , Nascimento Gustavo Giacomelli , Demarco Flávio Fernando , Haag Dandara Gabriela
Published: February 2023

Oral conditions represent a critical public health challenge, and together with descriptive and predictive epidemiology, causal inference has a crucial role in developing and testing preventive oral health interventions. By identifying not just correlations but actual causes of disease, causal inference may quantify the average effect of interventions and guide policies. Although authors are not usually explicit about it, most oral health studies are guided by causal questions. However, methodological deficiencies limit their interpretability and the implementation of their findings. This manuscript is a call to action on the use of causal inference in oral research. Its application starts with asking theoretically sound questions and being explicit about causal relationships, defining the estimates to evaluate, and measuring them properly. Beyond promoting causal analytical approaches, we emphasize the need for more causal thinking to promote thoughtful research questions and the use of appropriate methods to answer them. Causal inference relies on the plausibility of assumptions underlying the data analysis and the quality of the data, and we argue that high‐quality observational studies can be used to estimate average causal effects. Although individual efforts to embrace causal inference in dentistry are essential, they will not yield substantial results if not led by a systematic and structural change in the field. We urge scientific societies, funding bodies, dental schools, and journals to promote transparency in research, causal thinking, and causal inference projects to move the field toward more meaningful studies. It is also time for researchers to move forward and connect with the community, co‐produce investigations and translate their findings, and engage in interventions that impact public health. We conclude by highlighting the importance of triangulating results from different data sources and methods to support causal inference and inform decision‐making on interventions to effectively improve population oral health.
Conceptualizing inequities and oppression in oral health research
Authors: Fleming Eleanor , Bastos João L. , Jamieson Lisa , Celeste Roger K. , Raskin Sarah E. , Gomaa Noha , McGrath Colman , Tiwari Tamanna
Published: February 2023

Major sociohistorical processes have profound effects on oral health, with impacts experienced through structural oppression manifested in policies and practices across the lifespan. Structural oppression drives oral health inequities and impacts population‐level oral health. In this global perspective paper, we challenge old assumptions about oral health inequities, address misleading conceptualizations in their description and operation and reframe oral health through the lens of intersecting systems of oppression. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for oral health researchers to explore causal pathways through which oppression harms oral health and engage in social science concepts to understand the root causes of oral health inequities fully. Finally, we call on policymakers, dental scholars and decision makers to consider health equity in all policies and to take a systems‐oriented approach to effectively address oral health inequities.
Methods to madness: The utility of complex systems science in a mad, mad world
Authors: Heaton Brenda , Baker Sarah R.
Published: February 2023

Existing methods in social [oral] epidemiology primarily utilize statistical models that assume static characteristics of individuals and environments. While useful, an over reliance on these methods in the social and behavioural sciences can unnecessarily limit perspective and progress as even the most advanced statistical methods cannot capture complex behaviour over time given that systems evolve, environments respond, and behaviours and beliefs crystalize or deteriorate based on a variety of social, environmental and access variables. The recent consensus statement on Future Directions for the Behavioral and Social Sciences in Oral Health acknowledges that dental, oral and craniofacial health emerge from the complex interplay of multiple factors at multiple levels over time and highlights the need for the incorporation of new and underutilized methodologies. Complex Systems Science offers a suite of tools and methodologies that are responsive to the generative mechanisms and processes that underlie population distributions of oral health and disease. Specifically, they assume intricate, dynamic interactions between individuals and groups, they facilitate the study and synthesis of interconnections between people (e.g. patients, healthcare providers and policy makers), how these change over time, any differences across settings, and provide an opportunity to guide future longitudinal data collection and intervention science more effectively. This paper aims to provide an introduction to foundational principles of complex systems, complex systems thinking, and methods found in complex systems science, including social network analysis, system dynamics models and agent‐based models, and offers perspectives on the challenges faced and opportunities afforded in the incorporation of these methods into the population oral health sciences.
Cover Image
Authors: Kotsakis Georgios A. , Nguyen Thomas T. , Siormpas Konstantinos , Pikos Michael A. , Pohl Snjezana , Tarnow Dennis , Mitsias Miltiadis ,   Root Membrane Group
Published: February 2023

The cover image is based on the Original Article Clinical outcomes of retention of the buccal root section combined with immediate implant placement: A systematic review of longitudinal studies by Georgios A. Kotsakis DMD, MS et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13150.

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Association between psychomotor function and ALDH2 genotype after consuming barley shochu: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Matsuura Keiko , Kushio Satoshi , Imai Hiromitsu , Kudo Hideo , Wakuda Hirokazu , Otani Naoyuki , Kuranari Masae , Sekiguchi Ai , Ohyama Tetsuji , Uemura Naoto
Published: February 2023

Sustained exposure to acetaldehyde, the major metabolite of ethanol, may influence psychomotor performance even after the breath ethanol level significantly drops several hours following ethanol consumption. We examined the relationship between psychomotor function and changes in exhaled ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations after consuming a low dose (0.33 g/kg) of barley shochu, a traditional Japanese distilled alcohol beverage, at the point when the exhaled ethanol concentrations dropped below 78,000 parts per billion (0.15 mg/L), the standard threshold for driving under the influence of alcohol in Japan. We assessed how the genetic polymorphisms of rs671 G/G homozygous (*1/*1) and G/A heterozygous (*1/*2) of ALDH2 influenced the kinetics of ethanol and acetaldehyde in exhaled air and psychomotor dynamics using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Critical Flicker Fusion Test (CFFT), and visual analogue scale (VAS) up to 12 h after shochu or water intake. There was no significant difference in DSST and CFFT scores depending on genotype; however, the time required for the DSST to attain the level prior to drinking was longer in the ALDH2 *1/*2 group than in the *1/*1 group. In the VAS test, facial flushing and mood elevation tended to be higher in the *1/*2 group after shochu consumption. VAS scores for mood elevation and facial flushing correlated with acetaldehyde concentration in exhaled breath. These results indicate that DSST recovery tends to be slower and mood elevation higher in the ALDH2 *1/*2 group even when exposed to a low dose of alcohol.
Clinicohistopathologic challenges and traps in the diagnosis of nail unit melanoma
Authors: Jiang Angela J. , Abbott James J. , Higgins H. William , Elenitsas Rosalie , Rubin Adam I.
Published: February 2023

Melanoma of the nail apparatus is challenging to diagnose for both dermatologists and dermatopathologists. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of nail unit melanoma can have fatal consequences and legal ramifications. This review educates dermatopathologists on challenges and traps they should be aware of to avoid misdiagnosis of nail unit melanoma. We present illustrative difficult cases that introduce several themes regarding challenges in the diagnosis of nail unit melanoma: specimens with subtle histopathologic findings, challenges in immunoperoxidase interpretation, and how clinical knowledge and surgical procedural knowledge are mandatory to make the diagnosis. Dermatopathologists will be aware of when and how to suspect nail unit melanoma in unusual circumstances.
Benefits and challenges in implementation of artificial intelligence in colonoscopy: World Endoscopy Organization position statement
Authors: Mori Yuichi , East James E. , Hassan Cesare , Halvorsen Natalie , Berzin Tyler M. , Byrne Michael , von Renteln Daniel , Hewett David G. , Repici Alessandro , Ramchandani Mohan , Al Khatry Maryam , Kudo Shin‐ei , Wang Pu , Yu Honggang , Saito Yutaka , Misawa Masashi , Parasa Sravanthi , Matsubayashi Carolina Ogawa , Ogata Haruhiko , Tajiri Hisao , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Dekker Evelien , Ahmad Omer F. , Sharma Prateek , Rex Douglas K.
Published: February 2023

The number of artificial intelligence (AI) tools for colonoscopy on the market is increasing with supporting clinical evidence. Nevertheless, their implementation is not going smoothly for a variety of reasons, including lack of data on clinical benefits and cost‐effectiveness, lack of trustworthy guidelines, uncertain indications, and cost for implementation. To address this issue and better guide practitioners, the World Endoscopy Organization (WEO) has provided its perspective about the status of AI in colonoscopy as the position statement. WEO Position Statement: Statement 1.1: Computer‐aided detection (CADe) for colorectal polyps is likely to improve colonoscopy effectiveness by reducing adenoma miss rates and thus increase adenoma detection; Statement 1.2: In the short term, use of CADe is likely to increase health‐care costs by detecting more adenomas; Statement 1.3: In the long term, the increased cost by CADe could be balanced by savings in costs related to cancer treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, palliative care) due to CADe‐related cancer prevention; Statement 1.4: Health‐care delivery systems and authorities should evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of CADe to support its use in clinical practice; Statement 2.1: Computer‐aided diagnosis (CADx) for diminutive polyps (≤5 mm), when it has sufficient accuracy, is expected to reduce health‐care costs by reducing polypectomies, pathological examinations, or both; Statement 2.2: Health‐care delivery systems and authorities should evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of CADx to support its use in clinical practice; Statement 3: We recommend that a broad range of high‐quality cost‐effectiveness research should be undertaken to understand whether AI implementation benefits populations and societies in different health‐care systems.
Factors associated with outcomes of severe acute necrotizing encephalopathy: A multicentre experience in Malaysia
Authors: Lee Vanessa Wan Mun , Khoo Teik Beng , Teh Chee Ming , Heng Hock Sin , Li Limin , Yusof Yusma Lyana Md , Yahaya Nor Azni , Dharshini Sangita , Wong Sau Wei , Nickson Tai ,   ANE Malaysia Outcome Study Group
Published: February 2023

This case series compared clinical variables and various combinations of immunotherapy received with outcomes of patients with severe acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE). We performed a retrospective review of clinical variables, immunotherapy received, and outcomes (based on the modified Rankin Scale) in Malaysia between February 2019 and January 2020. Twenty‐seven children (12 male), aged 7 months to 14 years (mean 4 years) at diagnosis were included. Of these, 23 had an ANE severity score of 5 to 9 out of 9 (high risk). Eleven patients received tocilizumab (four in combination with methylprednisolone [MTP], seven with MTP + intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIG]) and 16 did not (two received MTP alone, 14 received MTP + IVIG). Nine died. Among the survivors, six had good outcomes (modified Rankin Score 0–2) at 6 months follow‐up. All patients who received tocilizumab in combination with MTP + IVIG survived. Twenty children received first immunotherapy within 48 hours of admission. No significant association was found between the timing of first immunotherapy with outcomes. Those with brainstem dysfunction (p = 0.016) were observed to have poorer outcomes. This study showed a trend towards better survival when those with severe ANE were treated with tocilizumab in combination with MTP + IVIG. However, larger studies will be needed to determine the effect of this regime on the long‐term outcomes.
Detecting and treating the protean manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathy
Authors: Bell David S. H.
Published: February 2023

The manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) are protean and clinically involve multiple systems, including the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal system, the genitourinary system as well as the sweat glands (sudomotor dysfunction) and the gallbladder. In addition, cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is associated with a correctible inability to appreciate and correct hypoglycaemia. While not a clinical problem, pupillary involvement should be the clue and the catalyst to investigate for other manifestations of DAN. This review outlines a practical approach to detecting and investigating the manifestations of DAN. Of particular importance is early detection of cardiovascular involvement where prompt therapy through glycaemic control can decrease the severity of CAN and decelerate the frequency and severity of retinopathy and nephropathy in addition to decreasing cardiovascular events and mortality. CAN also plays a role in accelerating other diabetic complications such as acute ischaemic stroke, heart failure, medial artery calcinosis, foot ulcers, peripheral artery disease and Charcot joints. Many therapies of DAN are available, which should not only decrease morbidity and mortality from DAN, but also improve the patient's quality of life. However, the therapies available are largely symptomatic.
Comparative clinical efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Toujeo) versus insulin glargine 100 U/ml in type 2 diabetes and type 1 diabetes: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Joshi Shashank R. , Singh Gursharan , Marwah Ashwani , Mittra Shivani , Suvarna Viraj R. , Athalye Sandeep N.
Published: February 2023

Aim

To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of glargine‐U100 (Lantus/Gla‐100) with glargine‐U300 (Toujeo/Gla‐300) in adult patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Materials and Methods

A literature search on Gla‐300/Gla‐100 in diabetes management was conducted using the MEDLINE/Embase/Cochrane databases from inception to 10 January 2021. Eligible studies considered for inclusion were parallel‐design, randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. The random‐effects model was applied for interpretation of the results.

Results

Of 5348 records screened, 592 were assessed for eligibility and 15 RCTs were considered for data extraction and meta‐analysis (T2D [N = 10; n = 7082]; T1D [N = 5; n = 2222]). In patients with T1D, all safety parameters were comparable between Gla‐100 and Gla‐300. In T2D, statistically significant differences were observed in favour of Gla‐300 over Gla‐100 for nocturnal and total hypoglycaemia. For efficacy parameters, a statistically and clinically significant difference favouring Gla‐100 in basal insulin dose requirement was observed for both T2D and T1D. Change in HbA1c showed a statistically but not clinically significant reduction with Gla‐100 compared with Gla‐300 in T1D. Statistically significant but clinically less relevant differences favoured Gla‐300 for control of body weight in T1D and T2D and Gla‐100 for fasting blood glucose in T2D.

Conclusions

Gla‐100 and Gla‐300 had comparable efficacy and safety profiles in both T1D and T2D populations. Gla‐300 showed a lower risk of nocturnal and total hypoglycaemia, significant in insulin‐experienced/exposed patients with T2D. Patients on Gla‐300 required significantly more units of insulin daily than the Gla‐100 group to achieve equivalent efficacy.
First report of Leveillula clavata causing powdery mildew on Euphorbia leucocephala from India
Authors: Wagh Sujit Hanumant , Kanade Mahadev Bhimappa , Thite Sachin Vasantrao , Braun Uwe , Correia Kamila Câmara , Mora‐Romero Guadalupe Arlene , Tovar‐Pedraza Juan Manuel
Published: February 2023

In December 2020, Euphorbia leucocephala plants exhibiting symptoms of powdery mildew were observed in the Botanical Garden of Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati, Maharashtra, India. Based on morphological identification, DNA sequence analysis, and pathogenicity, the fungal pathogen of the disease was identified as Leveillula clavata. This is the first report of L. clavata on Euphorbia leucocephala from India and in general.
Fairness, partner choice, and punishment: An ethnographic study of cooperative behavior among children in Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Sequeira Maija‐Eliina
Published: February 2023

This article draws upon ethnographic fieldwork among children in Helsinki, Finland, to determine how cooperative behaviors unfold in their everyday lives. Two concepts—fairness and partner choice—emerged as particularly relevant, and related behaviors were examined in the context of ongoing debates regarding cooperation in human societies. Children consistently invoked fairness as an important moral value, and they showed evidence of undergoing a developmental shift from equality‐based to equity‐based fairness by around seven years old. Children mediated disagreements primarily through partner choice strategies (avoidance and disengagement) rather than partner conflict (punishment). Local social values and child‐rearing practices that promote personal autonomy and independence make punishment undesirable and rare in this context. The observed aversion to punishment in Helsinki differs from typical characterizations of so‐called WEIRD societies and demonstrates the value that nuanced ethnographic studies in diverse societies can bring to understandings of human cooperation.
“I never told my family I was grieving for my mom”: The not‐disclosing‐grief experiences of parentally bereaved adolescents and young adults in Chinese families
Authors: Li Yunjun , Chan Wallace Chi Ho , Marrable Tish
Published: February 2023

In bereavement literature, the significance of open communication within the family is often highlighted. However, in recent years, scholars have noticed the complexity of grief communication in the family, especially challenges and obstacles to sharing grief. Our study seeks to contribute to the research by offering a deeper understanding of the grief‐sharing experiences of parentally bereaved adolescents and young adults from China, a family‐centered society with strong traditions of treating bereavement and grief as taboo. We used a narrative approach to analyze 82 interviews with 44 participants. We found that almost all the participants, regardless of their gender, parent's gender, cause of death, or time since loss, indicated that they never shared grief with other family members. Specifically, three themes emerged from the analysis. “Holding back tears during the funeral” reflects participants' struggle to protect the family (especially the surviving parent) through hiding their grief during the family crisis. “Pretending no grief at all after loss” shows how participants intentionally avoided any grief conversations within the family to not trigger others' grief. In addition, “Keeping grief secret as a family rule” indicates how Chinese families powerfully guided and influenced participants in avoiding the open expression of their grief. Our findings have drawn attention to the not‐disclosing‐grief experiences of bereaved adolescents and young adults in the Chinese context and the role of the family in it, therefore, calling for further support for bereaved young people, either within the family or through professional services.
A moderate differential effect of organic and conventional agriculture across taxonomic groups inhabiting farmland ponds
Authors: Almeida Rafaela A. , Lemmens Pieter , Cours Marie , Denys Luc , Adriaens Dries , Packet Jo , Venderickx Jeroen , Vercauteren Thierry , Parmentier Koen , Knockaert Marc , Martens Koen , De Meester Luc
Published: February 2023

Organic agriculture is increasingly promoted as a more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional agriculture, as it restricts the use of fertilisers and synthetic pesticides. However, the impact of both farming systems on aquatic biodiversity is strongly debated. Ponds are abundant in agricultural landscapes and strongly contribute to biodiversity. They also respond strongly to land use on a very local scale. The present study assessed the effects of conventional and organic agriculture on the taxonomic diversity of multiple groups of aquatic organisms at local and regional spatial scales.

We conducted a broad scale field survey to quantify the differential impact of conventional and organic agriculture on local environmental conditions in ponds, on community composition and on local, among site and regional diversity of macrophytes, cladoceran zooplankton and selected macroinvertebrates in Belgian farmland ponds (Flanders).

We observed that organic agriculture was moderately positively associated with higher local species richness for shoreline vegetation, but not for other organism groups. Only minor differences were observed for among‐pond variation, and these were mostly related to rare species of cladocerans and heteropterans. At the regional scale, ponds in organic showed higher species richness than in conventional farmland for shoreline vegetation, emergent vegetation, and cladoceran zooplankton, but lower for coleopterans and gastropods. There was no significant effect of agricultural type on water quality.

We conclude that organic farming is associated with moderate positive effects on pond biodiversity and regional species richness of plants and zooplankton. We observed no systematic differences between the two types of agriculture in local environmental conditions in ponds. The absence of large differences in biodiversity and water quality between ponds located in organic and conventional farmland might be related to the dominance of intensive conventional farming in our study region and the history of conventional farming around ponds that are now surrounded by organic farming. Future studies should include other factors such as the structure of the landscape and the role of natural elements such as buffer strips surrounding the ponds.
Associations between frailty status, work‐related accidents and efforts for safe work among older workers in Tokyo: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Abe Takumi , Fujita Koji , Sagara Tomoya , Ishibashi Tomoaki , Morishita Kumi , Murayama Hiroshi , Sakurai Ryota , Osuka Yosuke , Watanabe Shuichiro , Fujiwara Yoshinori
Published: February 2023

Aim

Working in old age not only solves the labor shortage in Japan, but also benefits the health of the older workers; however, work‐related accidents are a major concern. Functional impairment is an important factor in such accidents. The first aim was to examine the association between frailty status and work‐related accidents, and the second aim was to identify those who utilize the opportunity to learn about safe work.

Methods

The participants were 7265 members of the Silver Human Resource Center in Tokyo, engaged in non‐regular and indeterminate paid work. The frailty status (robust, pre‐frail and frail) was assessed using the frailty screening index. We obtained data on self‐reported work‐related accidents that occurred in the past year, and the experience of participation in workshops and reading brochures for safe work. Modified Poisson regression analysis was carried out to calculate the prevalence ratio.

Results

The prevalence of robust, pre‐frailty and frailty were 26.3%, 63.3% and 10.4%, respectively. The percentage of participants who reported work‐related accidents was 9.4%. Relative to robust participants, pre‐frail and frail participants showed 1.57‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–1.93) and 2.31‐fold (95% CI 1.79–2.98) higher prevalence ratios of work‐related accidents, respectively. The prevalence ratio in pre‐frail and frail participants were 1.08 (95% CI 1.04–1.11) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.09–1.20), respectively, for non‐participation in workshops, and 1.17 (95% CI 1.06–1.29) and 1.39 (95% CI 1.20–1.61), respectively, for not reading brochures.

Conclusions

These findings suggest the importance of support for older workers with functional impairment, as well as those without to continue to work safely. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 234–238.
Headache characteristics to screen for cervicocerebral artery dissection in patients with acute onset unusual headache
Authors: Hashimoto Yukishige , Matsushige Toshinori , Kawano Reo , Yoshiyama Michitsura , Hara Takeshi , Kobayashi Shohei , Ono Chiaki , Sakamoto Shigeyuki , Horie Nobutaka
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The aim of this preplanned primary analysis was to investigate the clinical manifestations of headache to screen for CAD patients with acute onset headache only.

Background

Spontaneous cervicocerebral artery dissection (CAD) with acute onset headache is not rare in clinical practice; however, it is underdiagnosed. On the other hand, subsequent infarction or subarachnoid hemorrhage mainly occurs within 1 week of headache onset.

Methods

Between April 2017 and January 2022, we conducted a single‐center, cross‐sectional retrospective study on 197 consecutive referred patients from neurosurgical outpatient clinics with acute onset unusual headache (stronger or longer headache than usual). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging to screen for secondary headache and were diagnosed based on the diagnostic protocol. We examined patient background data and the following headache characteristics: distribution, condition at the onset of headache, accompanying vomiting or nausea, worsening headache, and analgesic effects against headache. These factors were analyzed to identify independent diagnostic predictors of CAD. In this study, the rate of missing data was 41% for improvement of headache by analgesia and multiple imputation by chained equations was performed.

Results

A total of 93 patients (46 men and 47 women; mean age: 48 years, range: 25–73 years) were diagnosed with CAD. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed CAD was associated with current smoking, systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg, unilateral headache, worsening headache, and no headache improvement by analgesia. Unilateral, worsening headache and no headache improvement by analgesia remained independent diagnostic predictors in multivariable logistic regression after multiple imputation. No headache improvement by analgesia had the highest sensitivity (86%), while worsening headache had the highest specificity (84%).

Conclusions

CAD needs to be considered in patients with unilateral, worsening headache and no headache improvement by analgesia.
Depression and anxiety in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension compared to migraine: A matched controlled cohort study
Authors: Mollan Susan P. , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Perrins Mary , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Adderley Nicola J. , Sinclair Alexandra J.
Published: February 2023

Objective

To evaluate mental health burden in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) compared to matched women with migraine and population controls.

Background

Depression and anxiety are recognized comorbid conditions in those with IIH and lead to worse predicted medical outcomes. The mental health burden in IIH has not been previously evaluated in a large, matched cohort study.

Methods

We performed a population‐based matched, retrospective cohort study to explore mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety). We used data from IQVIA Medical Research Data, an anonymized, nationally representative primary care electronic medical records database in the United Kingdom, from January 1, 1995, to September 25, 2019. Women aged ≥16 years were eligible for inclusion. Women with IIH (exposure) were matched by age and body mass index with up to 10 control women without IIH but with migraine (migraine controls), and without IIH or migraine (population controls).

Results

A total of 3411 women with IIH, 30,879 migraine controls and 33,495 population controls were included. Of these, 237, 2372 and 1695 women with IIH, migraine controls and population controls, respectively, developed depression during follow‐up, and 179, 1826 and 1197, respectively, developed anxiety. There was a greater hazard of depression and anxiety in IIH compared to population controls (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–1.58; and aHR 1.40, 95% CI 1.19–1.64, respectively), while hazards were similar to migraine controls (aHR 0.98, 95% CI 0.86–1.13; and aHR 0.98, 95% CI 0.83–1.14, respectively).

Conclusion

Depression and anxiety burden in women with IIH is higher than in the general population, and comparable to that in matched women with migraine. This may indicate that presence of headache is a potential driver for comorbid depression and anxiety in IIH.
Primary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the liver: a clinicopathological and genetic study including a subset with ETV6::NTRK3 fusion
Authors: Han Qianqian , Zhang Zhang , He Xin , Chen Min , Pang Xiaojun , Chen Chen , Du Tianhai , Zhang Hongying
Published: February 2023

Aims

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is an intermediate neoplasm and rarely occurs in the liver. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinicopathological and genetic features of the largest primary hepatic IMT.

Methods and results

A total of 10 cases were identified (four males and six females aged 1–48 years, median = 35 years) from 2011 to 2021, which accounted for 2.5% of IMTs occurring in all organ systems. Histological findings revealed that myofibroblastic/fibroblastic cells with inflammatory infiltration and focal hypocellularity were observed in three children. Immunostaining showed ALK‐diffuse cytoplasmic positive in six cases (six of 10; 60%) and pan‐TRK nuclear positive in three cases (three of 10; 30%). Hypercellular pattern was detected in ALK‐positive IMTs and obvious collagenous/myxoid matrix was observed in the pan‐TRK‐positive subgroup. ALK rearrangement was demonstrated in three of five interpretable ALK‐positive IMTs by fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH), and one case failed due to poor sample quality. Next‐generation sequencing indicated an IMT with TFG::ALK and FCHSD2::ALK fusion and TP53 mutation. ETV6::NTRK3 fusion was confirmed by RT‐PCR, but FISH‐negative results were found in two of three cases with pan‐TRK‐positive IMTs. No genetic alteration was detected in one tumour. One patient died 1 year after biopsy, while nine patients survived without evidence of disease in the follow‐up surveillance (17–119 months).

Conclusions

This article describes the first example of primary paediatric hepatic IMTs with ETV6::NTRK3 fusion. Besides the common ALK‐positive subgroup, the proportion of NTRK3 fusion is high. Recognising the association between clinicopathological and molecular alterations is critical to accurate diagnosis of hepatic IMTs.
Correlation of the surface expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor with the presence of CRLF2 gene rearrangements in children with B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Demina Irina , Zerkalenkova Elena , Soldatkina Olga , Kazakova Anna , Semchenkova Alexandra , Goncharova Maria , Novichkova Galina , Maschan Michael , Karachunskiy Alexander , Olshanskaya Yulia , Popov Alexander
Published: February 2023

Introduction

In this study, we aimed to compare the immunophenotype of tumor cells in children with B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL) harboring rearrangements of the CRLF2 gene with that in children without such aberrations with a specific focus on the surface expression of the related protein thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR).

Methods

We examined bone marrow samples from 46 patients with primary BCP‐ALL who had CRLF2 rearrangements detected by FISH (CRLF2(+) cohort). A total of 140 consecutive patients with intact CRLF2 were included in a control CRLF2(−) cohort. TSLPR expression was studied by flow cytometry.

Results

The majority of CRLF2(+) patients were conventionally positive (≥20% positive cells) for TSLPR (33 of 46, 71.7%). Among the remaining children in this group, two were completely TSLPR‐negative, seven had less than 10% TSLPR‐positive cells, and four had between 10% and 20% TSLPR‐positive cells. By contrast, the majority of CRLF2(−) patients had no TSLPR‐positive cells (119 of 140, 85.0%), while in 15 cases (10.7%), the percentage of TSLPR‐positive cells was below 10%, and in six cases (4.3%), it was between 10% and 20%. Receiver operator characteristic analysis revealed a threshold of only 1.6% TSLPR‐positive cells for the effective prediction of the presence of CRLF2 rearrangement. Moreover, this threshold retained its predictive value when only children with low TSLPR positivity were studied.

Conclusion

When surface TSLPR is detected at the diagnosis of BCP‐ALL, close attention should be given to the search for chromosomal aberrations involving CRLF2 at any level of expression.
Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the number of undergoing radical nephroureterectomy and postoperative adjuvant systematic therapy for upper tract urothelial carcinomas in Japan: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Tsuruta Katsuhisa , Majima Tsuyoshi , Nishikimi Toshinori , Kashima Ayano , Soeda Yuya , Inoue Satoshi , Sano Tomoyasu , Maeda Motohiro , Yamamoto Akiyuki , Kobayashi Ikuo , Kajikawa Keishi , Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Kato Masahi , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Sassa Naoto
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has affected cancer management worldwide. For upper tract urothelial carcinomas, delays in treatments are not recommended even during the pandemic. We investigated the impact of the pandemic on patients with these carcinomas who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and adjuvant systematic therapy before and after COVID‐19 spread in Japan.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective study included 304 patients who underwent RNU for upper tract urothelial carcinomas between May 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021, in Aichi, Japan. The patients were categorized into three groups based on whether they underwent surgery in the prepandemic (before infection spread in Japan), early pandemic (between confirmation of the first case and vaccination initiation), and late pandemic (after the start of vaccination in Japan) phases. The patient characteristics, diagnostic methods, pathological findings, and postoperative therapy were compared among the three phases.

Results

Overall, 74, 152, and 78 patients underwent RNU in the prepandemic, early pandemic, and late pandemic phases, respectively. The number of patients who underwent preoperative ureteroscopy decreased significantly from the prepandemic phase to the late pandemic phase due to pandemic‐related restrictions (p = 0.016). There was no difference in the time to the first visit or pathological findings. Among patients classified as high‐risk according to existing clinical trials, the proportion receiving adjuvant systematic therapy after RNU decreased significantly from 52.3% to 19% (p = 0.003).

Conclusions

There was no difference in the pathological findings. The number of patients receiving appropriate adjuvant systematic therapy decreased during the pandemic.
Versatile Ca2LnSbO6:Eu3+/Mn4+ (Ln = La, Y, Gd, and Lu) phosphors for temperature sensing and plant growth LED
Authors: He Xiao , Fan Pu , Chen Yuhui , Guo Yue , Liu Xiaoguang , Li Ling
Published: February 2023

A multifunctional double‐perovskite‐type Ca2LnSbO6 (Ln = La, Y, Gd, and Lu) phosphors with Eu3+ and Mn4+ co‐doped were successfully synthesized and designed to simultaneously apply to temperature sensing and plant growth LED. With temperature varying from 303 to 523 K, the integrated intensity of Mn4+ ions (2Eg → 4A2g) markedly decline swifter comparing to Eu3+ ions (5D0 → 7F2) due to the thermal quenching effect. It implies that Mn4+ is susceptive to the temperature in this work. Eu3+ exhibits high heat resistance, which can be selected as a calibration parameter for the fluorescence intensity ratio temperature sensor. The maximum relative sensitivity (Sr) values of Ca2LnSbO6:1%Eu3+, 0.5%Mn4+ (Ln = La, Y, and Gd) phosphor are estimated as 2.19% K−1 at 443 K, 1.68% K−1 at 503 K, and 1.80% K−1 at 483 K, respectively. They are superior to many recent emerging phosphors. Moreover, upon 365 nm excitation, Ca2LnSbO6:1%Eu, 0.5%Mn (Ln = La, Y, Gd, and Lu) phosphors display a wide red emission peaking at 696, 680, 677, and 684 nm, respectively. They come from the overlapped of 2Eg–4A2g of Mn4+ and 5D0–7F4 transition of Eu3+. Their full widths at half maximum are 34, 35, 35, and 29 nm, respectively. They are all perfectly overlapping the absorption curves of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and their fabricated red phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode device ulteriorly corroborated the promising applications for plant growth. Markedly, the systematic analysis of their crystal chemistry and site preferentially occupancy is first reported and discussed by the bond valence theory.
Associated factors and hemodynamic characteristics of resistant hypertension in the elderly
Authors: Geng Hui , Chen Xiahuan , Liang Wenyi , Liu Meilin
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the associated factors and hemodynamic characteristics of resistant hypertension (RHTN) in the elderly. A total of 283 patients aged ≥60 years with hypertension were evaluated by the CNAP™ monitor. Among them, 240 patients were non‐RHTN (controlled hypertension with use of three or fewer antihypertensive medications) and 43 patients were RHTN (uncontrolled hypertension despite the concurrent use of ≥3 antihypertensive drugs at optimized doses, including a diuretic, or achieving target blood pressure with the use of ≥4 antihypertensive medications). RHTN was associated with higher body mass index (BMI), longer hypertension duration, and coronary heart disease (p = .004, p < .001, and p = .042, respectively). The mean number of antihypertensive medications was greater in patients with RHTN (p < .001). Hemodynamic analysis revealed higher cardiac output in the RHTN group than in the non‐RHTN group, while no difference was observed in systemic vascular resistance. Screening for secondary etiology showed that, among the 43 patients with RHTN, 8 (18.6%) had chronic kidney disease, 8 (18.6%) had obstructive sleep apnea, 4 (9.3%) had primary aldosteronism, 2 (4.7%) had renovascular disease. No significant differences were observed in the cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance values between different causes of RHTN. These findings suggest that higher body mass index, longer hypertension duration, and coronary heart disease emerged as the associated factors of RHTN in the elderly. RHTN is characterized by higher cardiac output. Screening for the possible secondary etiology of RHTN in the elderly patients is necessary and important.
Diversity and characteristics of commercial Red Sea fish species based on fish market survey: informing management to reduce the risk of overfishing
Authors: Osman Yassein A. , Samy‐Kamal Mohamed
Published: February 2023

In small‐scale fisheries (SSFs), where the sampling of many small boats and landing sites sometimes is not practical, fish market surveys represent an alternative way to obtain key fisheries data. This study analyses the diversity and characteristics of commercial Red Sea fish species landed in the Egyptian coast, including family, species‐specific abundance, biomass, size and price by surveying the largest local fish market on the Egyptian Red Sea coast, over the course of a year (July 2021–June 2022) to also reflect any seasonality of these variables. Based on 53 survey visits, a total of 131,795 fish individuals, belonging to 111 species, and 22 families, were identified, recorded and measured. The analysis focused on the 60 most abundant species (104,420 individuals, 15 families). The surveys revealed that the most abundant families were Serranidae, Lethrinidae and Scaridae. Carangidae also was one of the most important families in terms of biomass. The most abundant species were Lethrinus mahsena, Sargocentron spiniferum and Lethrinus nebulosus. About 60% of revenue comes from the four families Serranidae, Lethrinidae, Scaridae and Lutjanidae. In terms of prices, the most expensive categories were species belonging to Serranidae, Lethrinidae and Lutjanidae families, such as Plectropomus pessuliferus marisrubri, Argyrops spinifer, L. nebulosus and Variola louti. The overall mean prices were higher in spring and summer months likely due to tourism flows. The mean size of many species, including the most valuable and abundant ones, is below the length of maturity. These results provide important benchmarks for monitoring future changes and shed important insights for fisheries management. Co‐organised Dutch auctions would provide reliable data when combined with a strict monitoring effort to avoid any sale of the catch outside these official auctions. Other monitoring tools and methods are also recommended in the discussion.
Validation of the parent‐proxy pediatric Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease quality of life outcome measure
Authors: Wu Tong Tong , Finkel Richard S. , Siskind Carly E. , Feely Shawna M.E. , Burns Joshua , Reilly Mary M. , Muntoni Francesco , Estilow Timothy , Shy Michael E. , Ramchandren Sindhu ,   Childhood CMT Study Group of the Inherited Neuropathy Consortium
Published: February 2023

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) reduces health‐related quality of life (QOL) in children. We have previously developed and validated the English and Italian versions of the pediatric CMT‐specific QOL outcome measure (pCMT‐QOL) for children aged 8 to 18. There is currently no parent‐proxy CMT QOL outcome measure for use in clinical trials, which could provide complementary information in these children and adolescents. This study describes the validation studies conducted to develop the parent‐proxy version of the pCMT‐QOL outcome measure for children aged 8 to 18 years old. Development and validation of the parent‐proxy version of the pCMT‐QOL outcome measure for children aged 8 to 18 years old was iterative, involving identifying relevant domains, item pool generation, prospective pilot testing and clinical assessments, structured focus‐group interviews, and psychometric testing, conducted on parents of children with CMT seen at participating sites from the USA, United Kingdom, and Australia. We utilized previously described methods to develop a working parent‐proxy version of the pCMT‐QOL measure. From 2010 to 2016, the parent‐proxy pCMT‐QOL working version was administered to 358 parents of children with CMT aged 8 to 18, seen at the participating study sites of the Inherited Neuropathies Consortium. The resulting data underwent rigorous psychometric analysis, including factor analysis, test‐retest reliability, internal consistency, convergent validity, IRT analysis, and longitudinal analysis, to develop the final parent‐proxy version of the pCMT‐QOL outcome measure for children aged 8 to 18 years old. The parent‐proxy version of the pCMT‐QOL outcome measure is a reliable, valid, and sensitive proxy measure of health‐related QOL for children aged 8 to 18 with CMT.
New concepts on the etiology of endometriosis
Authors: Cousins Fiona L. , McKinnon Brett D. , Mortlock Sally , Fitzgerald Harriet C. , Zhang Chenyu , Montgomery Grant W. , Gargett Caroline E.
Published: February 2023

Endometriosis is a serious, chronic disorder where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, causing severe pelvic pain and infertility. It affects 11% of women. Endometriosis is a multifactorial disorder of unclear etiology, although retrograde menstruation plays a major role. It has a genetic component with over 40 genetic risk factors mapped, although their mechanism of action is still emerging. New evidence suggests a role for retrograde menstruation of endometrial stem/progenitor cells, now that identifying markers of these cells are available. Recent lineage tracing and tissue clearing microscopy and 3D reconstruction has provided new understanding of endometrial glandular structure, particularly the horizontal orientation and interconnection of basalis glands. New sequencing technologies, particularly whole genome DNA sequencing are revealing somatic mutations, including in cancer driver genes, in normal and eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis, as well as ectopic endometriotic lesions. Methylome sequencing is offering insight into the regulation of genes and the role of the environmental factors. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals the transcriptome of individual endometrial cells, shedding new light on the diversity and range of cellular subpopulations of the major cell types present in the endometrium and in endometriotic lesions. New endometrial epithelial organoid cultures replicating glandular epithelium are providing tractable models for studying endometriosis. Organoids derived from menstrual fluid offer a non‐invasive source of endometrial tissue and a new avenue for testing drugs and developing personalized medicine for treating endometriosis. These new approaches are rapidly advancing our understanding of endometriosis etiology.
Sleep habits and problems across gestational progress in Japanese women
Authors: Kawakami Sho‐Ichi , Ikegami Azusa , Komada Yoko
Published: February 2023

Background

Pregnancy‐related anatomic, physiologic, and hormonal factors can occur at different stages of pregnancy and affect sleep disturbances. Sleep problems and habits among Japanese women across gestational stages have not been described. This study aimed to elucidate sleep problems, including a high risk of sleep‐disordered breathing and sleep habits, among Japanese women across gestational progress, including postpartum.

Methods

A questionnaire survey using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Berlin Questionnaire was conducted for 683 pregnant women (223 in the second trimester, 453 in the third trimester) and 386 postpartum (within 1 week after delivery).

Results

The total PSQI score was 5.3 [2.6] in the second trimester, 6.1 [2.8] in the third trimester, and 6.8 [3.1] in the first week postpartum. The percentage of those at high risk for sleep‐disordered breathing, as determined by the Berlin Questionnaire, was 11.8% in the second trimester, 21.3% in the third trimester, and 19.2% in the first week postpartum, with the highest percentage of those at high risk in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Conclusion

The PSQI total score exceeded the cut‐off value in the third trimester and the first week postpartum, suggesting sleep deterioration. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and support sleep in pregnant women to ensure safe delivery, postpartum recovery, and health.
A socio‐legal quest: from jurisprudence to sociology of law and back again
Authors: COTTERRELL ROGER
Published: February 2023

How should socio‐legal studies view jurisprudence, the legal theory of jurists? Jurisprudence's task is to promote law as a socially valuable idea taking various forms in different times and places. As a value‐oriented and context‐focused enterprise, it should draw on the social sciences to make its inquiries relevant in a changing socio‐legal world. Correspondingly, socio‐legal research needs theory to link its empirical inquiries to an overall sense of what can be hoped for from law as a social phenomenon. In different ways, jurisprudence and socio‐legal inquiry should help to theorize the nature of legal practice and legal experience. They are necessarily distinct enterprises with contrasting orientations, but they can aid each other in important ways.