bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocular torsion response to active head-roll movement under one-g and zero-g conditions
Authors: Clarke Andrew H. , Kornilova Ludmila
Published: September 2021

Transitions to and from microgravity, as experienced during a spaceflight mission, radically alter the demands on sensorimotor coordination. In this contribution, attention is directed to the vestibulo-oculomotor response to active head roll-tilt, generally referred to as ocular counterroll (OCR). Results are presented from a single-case longitudinal study over a 435-day spaceflight and from three further subjects over a 30-day period in microgravity. 1. Under one-g test conditions, with the head initially in the comfortable-upright position, active head-to-trunk roll tilt elicits a combined canal- and otolith-mediated oculomotor response, which manifests as a volley of torsional nystagmus beats combined with a tonic OCR. In microgravity it appears that only the transitory canal-mediated torsional nystagmus response remains. In both conditions the initial nystagmus response commences with an anticompensatory torsional fast phase. 2. Under zero-g conditions the head movements were comparable to those under one-g conditions but a consistent reduction in head velocity was observed. Despite this, eye velocity and eye-head velocity gain for the torsional component were found to be enhanced by up to 50% over the first thirty days in prolonged microgravity. 3. The results obtained from the 435-day mission indicate that the initially enhanced response decreases – over the course of several months – to preflight baseline level. The findings indicate that otolith- and canal-ocular responses are not simply added linearly, but rather that the afferent otolith signal also plays an inhibitory, or stabilising role on the canal-mediated response. Further, presuming a re-weighting of otolithic afferent information during prolonged microgravity, it is proposed that a corollary inverse re-weighting of corollary neck-proprioceptive afferences provides an effective substitute. In contrast to the idea that the torsional VOR is an evolutionary relic, it is postulated from the above findings that the anticompensatory saccade and the inherent low gain of OCR result as a compromise between intended reorientation to a tilted visual field and VOR compensation.
Effects of practicing tandem gait with and without vibrotactile biofeedback in subjects with unilateral vestibular loss
Authors: Dozza Marco , Wall Conrad , Peterka Robert J. , Chiari Lorenzo , Horak Fay B.
Published: September 2021

Subjects with unilateral vestibular loss exhibit motor control impairments as shown by body and limb deviation during gait. Biofeedback devices have been shown to improve stance postural control, especially when sensory information is limited by environmental conditions or pathologies such as unilateral vestibular loss. However, the extent to which biofeedback could improve motor performance or learning while practicing a dynamic task such as narrow gait is still unknown. In this cross-over design study, 9 unilateral vestibular loss subjects practiced narrow gait with and without wearing a trunk-tilt, biofeedback device in 2 practice sessions. The biofeedback device informed the subjects of their medial-lateral angular tilt and tilt velocity during gait via vibration of the trunk. From motion analysis and tilt data, the performance of the subjects practicing tandem gait were compared over time with and without biofeedback. By practicing tandem gait, subjects reduced their trunk-tilt, center of mass displacement, medial-lateral feet distance, and frequency of stepping error. In both groups, use of tactile biofeedback consistently increased postural stability during tandem gait, beyond the effects of practice alone. However, one single session of practice with biofeedback did not result in conclusive short-term after-effects consistent with short-term retention of motor performance without this additional biofeedback. Results from this study support the hypothesis that tactile biofeedback acts similar to natural sensory feedback to improve dynamic motor performance but does not facilitate a recalibration of motor performance to improve function after short-term use.
Human ocular counter-rolling and roll tilt perception during off-vertical axis rotation after spaceflight
Authors: Clément Gilles , Denise Pierre , Reschke Millard F. , Wood Scott J.
Published: September 2021

Ocular counter-rolling (OCR) induced by whole body tilt in roll has been explored after spaceflight as an indicator of the adaptation of the otolith function to microgravity. It has been claimed that the overall pattern of OCR responses during static body tilt after spaceflight is indicative of a decreased role of the otolith function, but the results of these studies have not been consistent, mostly due to large variations in the OCR within and across individuals. By contrast with static head tilt, off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) presents the advantage of generating a sinusoidal modulation of OCR, allowing averaged measurements over several cycles, thus improving measurement accuracy. Accordingly, OCR and the sense of roll tilt were evaluated in seven astronauts before and after spaceflight during OVAR at 45°/s in darkness at two angles of tilt (10° and 20°). There was no significant difference in OCR during OVAR immediately after landing compared to preflight. However, the amplitude of the perceived roll tilt during OVAR was significantly larger immediately postflight, and then returned to control values in the following days. Since the OCR response is predominantly attributed to the shearing force exerted on the utricular macula, the absence of change in OCR postflight suggests that the peripheral otolith organs function normally after short-term spaceflight. However, the increased sense of roll tilt indicates an adaptation in the central processing of gravitational input, presumably related to a re-weighting of the internal representation of gravitational vertical as a result of adaptation to microgravity.
One second interval production task during post-rotatory sensation
Authors: Capelli A. , Israël I.
Published: September 2021

Temporal intervals production of one second was found to be more variable during self-motion compared to no motion situations. Moreover, the temporal intervals production rhythm during self-motion deceleration decreased whereas it increased during self-motion acceleration, whatever the direction of motion [17]. As somatosensory cues were not excluded in this previous experiment, we now examined whether the same temporal perturbation would occur without variable somatosensory information. In order to isolate the contribution of the vestibular system from that of the somatosensory system, the participants were required to perform a one second temporal interval production task (pressing a button each second) during the post-rotatory illusion following self-rotation. The intervals produced during the vestibular illusion were compared to those produced before the imposed rotation and during self-motion. The production regularity was affected as the temporal intervals were more variable with vestibular stimulation (real and illusory self-motion) than without. Furthermore, during post-rotatory illusion, the production rhythm decreased along the trial, as it was observed during self-motion deceleration. These findings suggest that vestibular stimulation (even vestibular illusion) impaired time estimation.
Effect of field of view on the Levitation Illusion
Authors: Jenkin H.L. , Zacher J.E. , Jenkin M.R. , Oman C.M. , Harris L.R.
Published: September 2021

Supine subjects inside a furnished room in which both they and the room are pitched 90° backwards may experience themselves and the room as upright relative to gravity. This effect is known as the levitation illusion because observers report that their arms feel weightless when extended, and objects hanging in the room seem to "levitate". This illusion is an extreme example of a visually induced illusion of static tilt. Visually induced tilt illusions are commonly experienced in wide-screen movie theatres, flight simulators, and immersive virtual reality systems. For technical reasons an observer's field of view is often constrained in these environments. No studies have documented the effect of field-of-view (FOV) restriction on the incidence of the levitation illusion. Preliminary findings suggest that when concurrently manipulating the FOV and observer position within an environment, the incidence of levitation illusions depends not only on the field of view but also on the visible scene content.
Chlorpheniramine and ephedrine in combination for motion sickness
Authors: Buckey Jay C. , Alvarenga Donna L. , MacKenzie Todd A.
Published: September 2021

Background: Chlorpheniramine is effective against motion sickness, but produces sedation. To reduce chlorpheniramine's sedating effect and increase its effectiveness, ephedrine was combined with chlorpheniramine to prevent motion sickness. Methods: Chlorpheniramine (C) and chlorpheniramine plus ephedrine (Chlorphedra) were studied in a randomized, double blind, crossover trial. Eighteen normal subjects were randomized to six different orderings of placebo, C (12 mg) or Chlorphedra (12 mg C + 50 mg ephedrine). They ingested the medication 3.25 hours before off vertical axis rotation in a rotating chair. Cognitive testing with both objective and subjective tests was performed before drug ingestion, at peak drug effect and following rotation. Results: Both C and Chlorphedra significantly increased chair time compared to placebo [6.6 to 10.3 minutes (C), 10.2 minutes (Chlorphedra), p < 0.01]. Subjects reported significantly more sleepiness on the Karolinska sleepiness scale after taking C (3.3 placebo, 4.9 C (p < 0.005)) but not with Chlorphedra (3.3 placebo, 3.1 Chlorphedra). Chlorphedra resulted in significantly higher reported alertness, clearheadedness and attentiveness compared to C. Deficits seen on objective tests with C were corrected with Chlorphedra. Subjects noted more side effects with Chlorphedra. Conclusion: Ephedrine does not increase the effectiveness of chlorpheniramine against motion sickness, but counteracts sedative and performance effects successfully.
Effect of radius versus rotation speed in artificial gravity
Authors: Holly Jan E.
Published: September 2021

Artificial gravity by centrifugation can lead to perceptual disturbances in the form of motion sickness and/or misperception of motion during head movements, but the degree of perceptual disturbance during centrifugation in 0-g has not been thoroughly investigated. It is known that during whole-body on-axis yaw rotation in 0-g, head movements in pitch and roll cause very little disturbance, despite significant disturbance in 1-g. Therefore, 1-g experimental results do not apply directly to 0-g without further analysis. A modeling approach was used here to predict disorienting effects in 0-g and 1-g environments, with different rotation speeds, centrifuge radii, and directions of head movement. The results were based upon investigation of the stimulus itself, in the form of angular and linear accelerations, and their consequences due to linear-angular interactions in three dimensions. The results explain known differences in 0-g and 1-g, for head turns toward and away from the direction of motion, and for head movements on- and off-axis. Additional predictions include an increase in perceptual disturbance with the magnitude of the gravito-inertial acceleration (GIA), therefore an increase off-axis, but a decrease in 0-g. Also predicted is that head-movement direction makes a difference, with rotation outward relative to the centrifuge axis causing the least disturbance.
Spatial symmetry groups as sensorimotor guidelines
Authors: McCollum Gin
Published: September 2021

While some aspects of neuroanatomical organization are related to packing and access rather than to function, other aspects of anatomical/physiological organization are directly related to function. The mathematics of symmetry groups can be used to determine logical structure in projections and to relate it to function. This paper reviews two studies of the symmetry groups of vestibular projections that are related to the spatial functions of the vestibular complex, including gaze, posture, and movement. These logical structures have been determined by finding symmetry groups of two vestibular projections directly from physiological and anatomical data. Logical structures in vestibular projections are distinct from mapping properties such as the ability to maintain two- and three-dimensional coordinate systems; rather, they provide anatomical/physiological foundations for these mapping properties. The symmetry group of the direct projection from the semicircular canal primary afferents to neck motor neurons is that of the cube (O, the octahedral group), which can serve as a discrete skeleton for coordinate systems in three-dimensional space. The symmetry group of the canal projection from the secondary vestibular afferents to the inferior olive and thence to the cerebellar uvula-nodulus is that of the square (D8), which can support coordinates for the horizontal plane. While the mathematical relationship between these symmetry groups and functions of the vestibular complex are clear, these studies open a larger question: what is the causal logic by which neural centers and their intrinsic organization affect each other and behavior? The relationship of vestibular projection symmetry groups to spatial function make them ideal projections for investigating this causal logic. The symmetry group results are discussed in relationship to possible ways they communicate spatial structure to other neural centers and format spatial functions such as body movements. These two projection symmetry groups suggest that all vestibular projections may have symmetry groups significantly related to function, perhaps all to spatial function.
The effect of head turn velocity on cross-coupled stimulation during centrifugation
Authors: Sheehan Scott E. , Young Laurence R. , Jarchow Thomas
Published: September 2021

Short-radius centrifugation (SRC) provides a practical means of producing artificial gravity for long duration space flights, though perceptual side-effects could limit its operational feasibility. Head turns (HT) during SRC, other than those about the centrifugation axis, produce Cross-Coupled Stimulation (CCS), perceived as a tumbling sensation. CCS can be nauseagenic, though adaptation can minimize this detrimental effect over time. The force environment of CCS suggests that the head turn velocity plays a role in determining the stimulus magnitude, though its degree has not been characterized. Twenty-three subjects performed right quadrant head turns of 8 different velocities while spinning at 19 and 23 RPMs on the SRC over two consecutive days. The perceptual effects were characterized by subjective metrics, investigating the acute differences between velocities as well as the chronic effects on adaptation. It was found that the perceived CCS magnitude can be regulated by modulating HT velocity. Further, a threshold of HT velocity exists above which an asymptotic perceptual response is observed, and below which the perceptual response diminishes at an exponential rate relative to head turn velocity. Finally, the effects of HT velocity are independent of HT direction, though the differing head turn directions likely produce contextually specific stimuli. These results suggest that HT velocity modulation could provide a practical means of incremental adaptation to CCS during SRC.
Susceptibility genes for gentamicin-induced vestibular dysfunction
Authors: Roth Stephen M. , Williams Scott M. , Jiang Lan , Menon Kalapurakkal S. , Jeka John J.
Published: September 2021

Background: Approximately 5% of patients administered gentamicin (GM), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, experience vestibular ototoxicity resulting in balance dysfunction. In the present study, we sought to identify susceptibility genes associated with GM-induced vestibular dysfunction using a case/control design. Methods: White cases (n = 137; 55 men, 82 women) were recruited based on physician-confirmed unilateral or bilateral vestibular dysfunction attributed to GM administration. Controls (n = 126; 54 men, 72 women) were healthy, age-matched individuals without vestibular dysfunction or balance impairment. Buccal cell samples were obtained from all subjects and DNA was genotyped for 15 polymorphisms in 9 genes. Candidate genes were identified primarily for their roles in oxidative stress based on predicted mechanisms of gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. Statistical analyses included the multi-dimensionality reduction (MDR) method for identifying gene x gene interactions across multiple candidate genes. Results: Both single gene and MDR analyses revealed the NOS3 (ENOS) p.Glu298Asp polymorphism as significantly associated with GM-induced vestibular dysfunction (both p ⩽ 0.03). MDR analysis revealed a three-gene combination, consisting of NOS3 (p.Glu298Asp), GSTZ1 (p.Lys32Glu), and GSTP1 (p.Ile105Val), that provided the highest predictive model for GM-induced vestibular dysfunction (64% accuracy; p = 0.009). Conclusions: The results indicate that carriers of risk alleles at three oxidative stress-related genes have increased susceptibility to GM-induced vestibular dysfunction.
Effect of difference of cupula and endolymph densities on the dynamics of semicircular canal
Authors: Kondrachuk A.V. , Sirenko S.P. , Boyle R.
Published: September 2021

The effect of different densities of a cupula and endolymph on the dynamics of the semicircular canals is considered within the framework of a simplified one-dimensional mathematical model where the canal is approximated by a torus. If the densities are equal, the model is represented by Steinhausen's phenomenological equation. The difference of densities results in the complex dynamics of the cupulo-endolymphatic system, and leads to a dependence on the orientation of both the gravity vector relative to the canal plane and the axis of rotation, as well as on the distance between the axis of rotation and the center of the semicircular canal. Our analysis focused on two cases of canal stimulation: rotation with a constant velocity and a time-dependent (harmonically oscillating) angular velocity. Two types of spatial orientation of the axis of rotation, the axis of canal symmetry, and the vector of gravity were considered: i) the gravity vector and axis of rotation lie in the canal plane, and ii) the axis of rotation and gravity vector are normal to the canal plane. The difference of the cupula and endolymph densities reveals new features of cupula dynamics, for instance – a shift of the cupula to a new position of equilibrium that depends on the gravity vector and the parameters of head rotation, and the onset of cupula oscillations with multiple frequencies that results in the distortion of cupula dynamics relative to harmonic stimulation. Factors that might influence the density difference effects and the conditions under which these effects occur are discussed.
Symptoms of detachment from the self or from the environment in patients with an acquired deficiency of the special senses
Authors: Jáuregui-Renaud Kathrine , Ramos-Toledo Verónica , Aguilar-Bolaños Miriam , Montaño-Velázquez Bertha , Pliego-Maldonado Alejandro
Published: September 2021

To compare the frequency of symptoms of detachment from the self or from the environment (DD) in patients with an acquired deficiency of the special senses, a questionnaire for DD symptoms [12] and the GHQ12 questionnaire for common mental disorders [16] were auto-administered to patients with hearing-loss (N = 40), peripheral vestibular disease (N = 40) or bilateral retinal disease (N = 40), and to 80 healthy subjects. Patients with retinal disease and patients with vestibular disease reported DD symptoms more frequently & severe than patients with hearing loss and healthy subjects. DD scores were related to the GHQ12 scores and to the type of sensory dysfunction. DD symptoms are more frequent & severe in patients with an acquired deficiency of the special senses, associated to symptoms of common mental disorders.
The influence of cognitive tasks on vestibular-induced eye movements in young and older adults
Authors: Ward Bryan K. , Redfern Mark S. , Jennings J. Richard , Furman Joseph M.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to further investigate the mechanism of the influence of concurrent cognitive tasks on eye movements induced by earth-vertical axis rotation (EVAR) in young and older participants. Ten young (ages 21–34), ten young-old (ages 65–74) and nine older participants (ages 75–84) each performed five different cognitive tasks during sinusoidal EVAR in darkness at 0.02 Hz for three cycles, 0.05 Hz for four cycles, and 0.1 Hz for five cycles, all at a peak velocity of 50 degrees per second. The five tasks differed from one another in terms of their inherent sensory and motor components and were designed to provide insight into the effect of cognitive processing on VOR dynamics. Tasks included auditory frequency and lateralization disjunctive reaction time (DRT) tasks, silent and audible backward counting, and a question-response clinical standard task. For the DRT trials, tones were presented to the participant through earphones. Participants were instructed to respond as accurately and as quickly as possible. Eye movements were recorded with electro-oculography and calibrations were performed before and after every five rotations in all subjects. Participants had an increase in VOR phase lead while performing DRT tasks as compared to the clinical standard and counting tasks. The effect was most noticeable at the 0.02 Hz frequency and was present in all age groups. In addition, we observed a decrease in VOR gain while subjects performed auditory DRT tasks during EVAR at 0.02 Hz, 0.05 Hz and 0.1 Hz as compared to the clinical standard and counting tasks. These results suggest cognitive task-dependent interference between central auditory processing and vestibular processing primarily at the sensory rather than at the motor level.
Assessment of visual field dependence: Comparison between the mechanical 3D rod-and-frame test developed by Oltman in 1968 with a 2D computer-based version
Authors: Isableu Brice , Gueguen Marc , Fourré Benoît , Giraudet Guillaume , Amorim Michel-Ange
Published: September 2021

The identification of subject’s perceptual style regarding multisensory integration is a central issue for spatial perception and sensorimotricity. In spatial orientation studies, the weighting of visual frame of reference (visual field dependence) is classically assessed by using verticality perception tasks, and especially the mechanical 3D rod-and-frame test (3D RFT). The validation of a 2D computer-based version of the RFT by virtue of its portability would facilitate the identification of modes of spatial referencing for the design and evaluation of sensory and motor rehabilitation programs. We question here whether the computerized 2D RFT yields frame effects similar (in amplitude, direction) and correlated to those induced by the mechanical 3D RFT. In both devices, 35 young and healthy males’ subjects were seated and tasked with aligning a rod to the gravity vertical within a square frame that was tilted at 18Âř. The results showed significantly larger rod deviations from the verticality in the 3D RFT. 3D and 2D RFT errors significantly correlated but shared a small amount of common variance ( r 2 = 0.35). In addition, left-right tilt asymmetry changes from one device to another. These results suggest that the mechanical 3D RFT for verticality perception remains a more robust test for identifying the subject’s perceptual style.
Constructive perception of self-motion
Authors: Holly Jan E. , McCollum Gin
Published: September 2021

This review focusses attention on a ragged edge of our knowledge of self-motion perception, where understanding ends but there are experimental results to indicate that present approaches to analysis are inadequate. Although self-motion perception displays processes of "top-down" construction, it is typically analyzed as if it is nothing more than a deformation of the stimulus, using a "bottom-up" and input/output approach beginning with the transduction of the stimulus. Analysis often focusses on the extent to which passive transduction of the movement stimulus is accurate. Some perceptual processes that deform or transform the stimulus arise from the way known properties of sensory receptors contribute to perceptual accuracy or inaccuracy. However, further constructive processes in self-motion perception that involve discrete transformations are not well understood. We introduce constructive perception with a linguistic example which displays familiar discrete properties, then look closely at self-motion perception. Examples of self-motion perception begin with cases in which constructive processes transform particular properties of the stimulus. These transformations allow the nervous system to compose whole percepts of movement; that is, self-motion perception acts at a whole-movement level of analysis, rather than passively transducing individual cues. These whole-movement percepts may be paradoxical. In addition, a single stimulus may give rise to multiple perceptions. After reviewing self-motion perception studies, we discuss research methods for delineating principles of the constructed perception of self-motion. The habit of viewing self-motion illusions only as continuous deformations of the stimulus may be blinding the field to other perceptual phenomena, including those best characterized using the mathematics of discrete transformations or mathematical relationships relating sensory modalities in novel, sometimes discrete ways. Analysis of experiments such as these is required to mathematically formalize elements of self-motion perception, the transformations they may undergo, consistency principles, and logical structure underlying multiplicity of perceptions. Such analysis will lead to perceptual rules analogous to those recognized in visual perception.
Modern state of the health of the popuation in Ukraine
Authors:   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kryvych I.P. , Chumak Yu.Yu. ,   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Gusieva H.M. ,   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University
Published: September 2021

A retrospective and prospective analyses of the rate of incidence and prevalence of diseases of the population of Ukraine over 1990-2017 were carried out on the basis of sectoral statistical reports and professional editions, which made it possible to characterize the current state of health and identify the tendencies in the incidence and disease prevalence in the country. Objective: We studied and analyzed the tendencies of the health state of the population in Ukraine. Materials and methods: We used the data of the sectoral statistical reports and professional editions over 1990-2017, as well as the annual report “On the State of Health of the Population, Sanitary-and-Epidemiological Situation, and Results of the Activity of Health Care System” by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, State Institution «Ukrainian Institute for Strategic Studies, Ministry of Health of Ukraine». The method of the statistical analysis of the factual and analytical material was used as a main one, it forms a holistic view of health and medico-demographic situation in the country. Results: During the years of Ukraine's independence, insufficient attention has been paid to the problems of health improvement. The population numbers is falling sharply. In Ukraine, health care costs are low in comparison with the European countries. The structure of morbidity has changed over the last 10-15 years. The most vulnerable groups: children and adolescents, the elderly are of particular concern. An important role in the formation of morbidity rates is played by chronic non-communicable diseases, their level increased significantly in 2005-2010. The general pathological incidence of school-age children in those years also increased and had a significantly higher level among girls than boys. The incidence rate of mental and behavioral disorders in Ukraine has increased. The prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders had its own features in different regions. The rates of incidence and prevalence of diseases in the children of 0-17 years old of age were quite high and had a wavy nature. Conclusions: The implementation of the state and sectoral measures for the improvement of the health of the population of Ukraine, a cardinal reconstruction of the public view regarding the causes and consequences of a significant deterioration in the health of the population can be solved by a radical way of the preservation and strengthening of both personal and public health.
Electromagnetic fields as an eco-hygienic problem of our time
Authors:   State Institution ", Dumanskyi V.Yu. ,   O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Koziarin I.P. ,   P. L. Shupyk National Medical Academy for Post-Graduate Education, Ivakhno O.P. ,   P. L. Shupyk National Medical Academy for Post-Graduate Education
Published: September 2021

Objective: We performed the eco-hygienic assessment of electromagnetic fields as an environmental factor under modern conditions. Materials and methods: We determined a range of issues on the significance of electromagnetic fields of various frequencies and intensities in human vital activity on the basis of the analysis of scientific literature. Results and discussion: Taking into account the further development of the national economy of the country, safety and protection of the population from the effects of electromagnetic fields both in industry and everyday life remain one of the urgent problems, taking into consideration that their biological effect on the human organism is very complex and has not been completely studied. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the use of hand-held telephones and computers which are used by the people of different age, gender and physiological state of the organism. Therefore, the existing protection measures against the negative effect of EMF require further improvement and refinement. Conclusions: Protection of the population from the adverse effects of electromagnetic radiation of various frequencies and intensities has been and remains an urgent eco-hygienic problem of mankind, and medical workers, engineers, biologists, ecologists and other specialists should participate in its solution.
Psychological condition of the children who were in quarantine for COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Stepanova E.I. , Poznysh V.A. ,   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Vdovenko V. Yu. ,   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine»
Published: September 2021

Objective: We determined the features of psychoemotional condition of the children who wereunder quarantine restrictions for COVID-19pandemic for a long time. Methods and scope of research:We carried out the assessment of the psychoemotional condition of 52 adolescents who were in quarantine forCOVID-19 pandemic. The number of girls and boys among the surveyed was the same - 26 children of each gender. A "non-existent animal" projective test was used to assess the psychoemotional sphere of the children. We appliedthe psychometric method by Ch.D. Spielberg, Yu.L. Haninto determine the reactive anxiety (RА) and personal anxiety (PA). The questionnaire by A. Bass, A. Darki was used to single out the various aspects of the symptom complex of aggression and to calculate the index of aggression (IA) and the index of hostility (IH). Sleep quality was assessed with the help of the Pittsburgh Questionnaire. Results and discussion: Assessment of the psychoemotional condition of the children, who were in quarantine for COVID-19, showed the significant violationsin the majority of them (95.15%), which were characterized by the manifestations of anxiety (78.85%), aggression (59.62%) and exhaustion (15.38%). A high level of anxiety was found to be more often in the girls (25.00%), while in the boys, it was registered almost 2 times less (11.54%), and on the contrary, a high level of aggression in the combination with anxiety orwithout itwas determined more often in the boys (26.92%) than in the girls (13.46%). The frequency of exhaustionsymptom complex did not depend on gender. A more detailed description of the level of anxiety,performed with the help of psychometric methods Ch.D. Spielberg, Yu.L. Hanin, confirmed that the high levels of both personal and reactive anxiety were more inhering in the girls. Assessment ofthe forms of aggressive behavior showed that the manifestations of physical aggression and negativism were the most typical features for the boys, while the indirect aggression, resentment and guilt were observed in the girls more often. Thehighlevels of IA werefoundtooccur almost 3 times more oftenin theboys than in thegirls, whilethehighlevel of IH wasdetected equally often both inthegirls and intheboys. In the children who were in quarantine for COVID-19, psychoemotional conditions were often accompanied by sleep disorders, at the same time,they were observed more often in the girls than in the boys.
Terra de diatomácea e a sua eficiência na mortalidade de Spodoptera frugiperda em ambiente de laboratório
Authors:   Universidade Regional do Alto Uruguai, Bernardi Laiane Hass , Camillo Maristela Fiess ,   Universidade Regional do Alto Uruguai
Published: September 2021

For the control of S. frugiperda, it is necessary to test methods, especially biological ones. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of diatomaceous earth under the control of S. frugiperda in the laboratory. Four treatments were performed with 5 repetitions: control (T1); zeta-cypermethrin (T2); bifenthrin and methomyl-novaluron (T3); diatomaceous earth (T4). Caterpillar mortality was evaluated at 3 times after the application of treatments: 24, 48 and 72 hours. Treatments T2 and T3 were higher in mortality rates. The insecticidal action of diatomaceous earth is notorious, but there is a need for more studies on this theme.
A ATUAÇÃO DA ASSESSORIA DE PELE NA PREVENÇÃO DE LESÃO POR PRESSÃO EM PACIENTES COM COVID 19 EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Silva Adellúcia dos Santos , Barbosa Silva Raisa
Published: September 2021

Resumo. O sistema tegumentar é composto pela pele e seus anexos, exerce extrema importância na fotoproteção, imunologia, proteção de perda de líquidos, termoregulação, produção de vitamina D, manutenção do equilíbrio hídrico e eletrolítico, percepção de estímulos dolorosos e agradáveis e é um indicador de saúde e doença. A pele em sua integridade total nos defende de penetração de microorganismos da flora normal e de microrganismos do meio hospitalar, ela quando rompida perde a capacidade de proteção, deixando os pacientes vulneráveis as infeções. Na pandemia de COVID 19, observamos uma incidência de lesões por pressão ocasionada em pacientes acamados em leitos de UTI, devido a instabilidade hemodinâmica, muitos necessitavam de posição prona para facilitar os padrões respiratórios e com isso, dificultou a execução de técnicas de prevenção, favorecendo o surgimento de lesão por pressão. Portanto para realização desse trabalho foram utilizadas ferramentas de pesquisa qualitativa de forma virtual, a exemplo de manuais, guias ministeriais, protocolos da ANVISA, artigos indexados na  Scielo. A assessoria de pele composta por técnicos e enfermeiros habilitados na prevenção e tratamento de lesões contribuem para a execução de técnicas que minimizam ou eliminam a incidência de lesões por pressão, utilizando cheklist de mudança de decúbito, orientações de reposicionamento da cabeça e braços a cada 2 horas, colocação de coxins adptados as áreas de pressão, espuma de hidropolímero e silicone ( região inframamária, região abdominal, face, mandíbula e artelhos), orientações mudanças passivas em 15º por 15 segundos nos membros  superiores e inferiores, hidratação da pele em áreas sem eritema, aplicação de creme com base de óxido de zinco e dimeticone em regiões  mais sensíveis a agressões. Observamos que com medidas simples de prevenção minimizamos o aparecimento de novas lesões e o compromentimento tissular profundo, quando o paciente é supinado. O acompanhamento da assessoria de pele juntamente com os profissionais de saúde setoriais, engajados em ações preventivas, alcançarão melhores resultados, quando comparados com execução fracionadas de medidas de prevenção, sendo essa, uma das mais importantes ferramentas para deshospitalização, controle de infecção e reabilitação dos pacientes acometidos pelo COVID-19.
The system for monitoring and express analysis of main equipment of transformer substation 35/6 (10) kv
Authors:   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Ivshin I.G. , Galyautdinova A.R. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Vladimirov O.V. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Nizamiev M.F. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University
Published: September 2021

There is carried out an analysis and selection of equipment necessary for monitoring and express analysis of the technical condition of a 35/6 (10) kV transformer substation. The authors propose diagnostic parameters for determining the technical condition of equipment and an algorithm for determining the coefficient of express analysis of a transformer substation, which ensures the process of remote monitoring, monitoring the state of operating equipment and predicting changes in the technical condition. The system for monitoring and express analysis of the technical condition of the equipment under development allows online monitoring of changes in the monitored parameters, keeping the equipment in serviceable condition. This monitoring system will make it possible to detect defects at an early stage, to operate the substation's energy equipment more efficiently, and to assess the technical condition of the entire substation in a comprehensive way. The above solutions make it possible to switch to organizing repairs of the substation's main equipment according to the actual state, as well as to increase the reliability and quality of electricity transmission to consumers.
Developing a heap leaching technology for floating gold ores
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Vorobiev A.E. , Honore Tcharo ,   National University of Benin
Published: September 2021

The features of the technology of heap leaching with floating gold are disclosed. It was found that significant technological losses of gold in the processes of enrichment of gold-bearing ores, as a rule, are associated with its natural fine mineralization or technogenic transformation to such a state. It has been shown that flat gold flakes (even with a gold grain size of more than 1 mm) are quite well retained on the surface of technological solutions, i.e., have a certain buoyancy. The wettability of gold particles is explained by the manifestation of the surface tension forces of aqueous solutions, the mechanisms of which are determined by the van der Waals interaction. In addition, the wettability of gold grains is affected by their electric charge, which, accumulating on a convex surface, creates a negative charge that prevents the formation of a double electric field around the gold particle, which is an additional reason for the non-wettability of gold. The mechanism of the formation of gold films, which are formed at a high value of surface tension, with the formation of floating "islands" covered with a hydrophilic shell, is explained. It was revealed that the energy of interaction of a gold nanoparticle with water can serve as a quantitative indicator of the buoyancy of gold grains and "islands" of nanogold, at a value of which of 0.05427 eV, clearly pronounced hydrophilic properties appear. The theoretical substantiation of the buoyancy of gold grains and "islands" of nanogold is the van der Waals interaction. On this basis, heap leaching technology was developed, with the targeted deposition of floating gold in the most suitable places. As a result of a decrease in the surface tension of leaching solutions, nanogold loses their initial buoyancy and sink from them to the bottom, where they will be subjected to the processes of their disembarkation (collection and extraction).
Features of static pile load test
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Tulebekova A. , Zhussupbekov A. ,   Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Ashkey Ye. ,   KGS- Astana, LTD, Zhankina A. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: September 2021

Pile foundations are commonly used in engineering practice to transfer the loads from heavy structures such as high-rise buildings to competent soil strata. In this manner, such complications as unfavorable geological conditions, compressible soil layers, and high levels of groundwater are avoided. Different types of piles are used in construction work. The specific type of pile used depends on the type of loading, the foundation soil, and the location of the groundwater table. The technical progress of large, bored piles and the continuous improvements of construction procedures and piling equipment today have created new possibilities. This paper describes a series of pile load tests that were performed in the capital city of Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. The control equipment, technological features are important for detailed information about the process of testing and the associated results make them more accurate and reliable. Keywords: pile, static test, load, equipment, soil
Characteristics of multi strike surface strength of stones, concrete and bricks used for historical structures since Meiji era in Japan
Authors:   Shogaki Consulting Office, Shogaki T. , Inaba Y. ,   National Defense Academy
Published: September 2021

Historical structures are part of the heritage humankind hands down to posterity. As records, they not only describe past construction technologies, but they also carry information about the social system and culture of their time. Many historical civil engineering structures constructed during and after the Edo era still remain in Japan. Some of these structures, such as the Yokosuka dry docks, played an important role in the fate of the nation (Shogaki, 2014). However, such sites have not been the subject of systematic geotechnical research or publicity. The strength of construction materials at historical sites built since the Meiji era was investigated using the rebound hammer test (JGS 2013) and evaluated with regard to construction age, facility use, and material. The tested materials were rocks (andesite, granite, and sandstone) at 10 sites, concrete at 6, and brick at 3.
Resistance of models of pyramidal-prismatic piles to static pulling load
Authors:   Taraz Regional University named after M.Kh.Dulaty, Nikitenko M.I. ,   Brest State Technical University, Shanshabayev N.А. ,   Taraz Regional University named after M.Kh.Dulaty
Published: September 2021

The article presents results of testing models of piles with different longitudinal shapes under the action of a static pulling load, performed in laboratory conditions. The article reveals resistance of the pyramidal-prismatic piles can be either more or less than the resistance of the prismatic and pyramidal piles. It was found that an increase in the length of the pyramidal part of the pile, as well as the size of its cross-section at the top, affect the resistance of the pile to pull-out load. So, the resistance of these piles is 1.28-1.85 times higher than the resistance of a prismatic pile with a section size of 20×20 cm, and 8-36% lower than the resistance of a prismatic pile with a section size of 30×30 cm and a pyramidal pile (with a top section size of 30×30 cm and at the bottom - 20×20 cm). Correlation dependencies are obtained to assess the stability of pyramidal-prismatic piles in relation to the bearing capacity of piles with traditional longitudinal section shape (prismatic and pyramidal piles).
Mathematical support for railway emergency response
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National pedagogical university, Akhmetov B.С. , Shalabayeva M.H. ,   Kazakh University ways of Communications
Published: September 2021

The current regulations provide a procedure for notification of the occurrence of railway emergencies, but do not define a procedure for responding to such situations. This can be explained by the fact that such situations are very diverse in nature and scale, as well as in the way they are handled. However, the more urgent is the need for a certain classification, typification of ways to respond to them. In connection with the above, the article shows that in the event of occurrence of WD AS, the head of the operational headquarters in complex conditions of lack of complete and sufficient information on cause-and-effect relations between components of such a situation should take a certain number of individual, collegial, information, organizational, operational decisions aimed at coordination, coordination and management of subordinate control points and response units, which may exceed his ability to make such decisions and / or influence their validity.
Utilization of Synthetic Hematocrit Derived from Cardiac MRI for Estimating Extracellular Volume
Authors: Erdemir Ahmet Gürkan , Gümeler Ekim , Öcal Osman , Hazırolan Tuncay
Published: September 2021

Objective: For a correct estimation of extracellular volume, patients’ blood samples must be taken at least within 24 hours after cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, which may cause problems in immediate or retrospective evaluation. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the applicability of synthetic hematocrit for the calculation of extracellular volume.

Materials and Methods: Cardiac magnetic resonance images including T1 mapping were retrospectively reviewed. Medical records of each patient were also collected and patients who had blood samples including hematocrit values within 24 hours of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were included in the study. Simple linear regression along with intraclass correlation coefficient were used to calculate the coefficient of determination and agreement between the two measurements of hematocrit and extracellular volume values. The compatibility of the synthetic extracellular volume with the native extracellular volume was analysed using “Kappa Analysis”.

Results: Synthetic and native hematocrit values showed significant correlation (p<0.001). Synthetic hematocrit had a high intraclass correlation coefficient (0.833). Kappa analysis for each region (Apex κ=0.88, Mid κ=0.75, Basal κ=0.87) showed significant interobserver reliability (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Synthetic hematocrit formulas for each vendor may help improve synthetic extracellular volume values without contrast administration.