bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2D Sin-Cos-Henon Map for Color Image Encryption with High Security
Authors: Cheng Zhiqiang , Wang Wencheng , Dai Yuezhang , Li Lun
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a high security color image encryption algorithm is proposed by 2D Sin-Cos-HÃ©non (2D-SCH) system. A new two-dimensional chaotic system which is 2D-SCH. This system is hyperchaotic. The use of the 2D-SCH, a color image encryption algorithm based on random scrambling and localization diffusion, is proposed. First, the secret key is generated by SHA512 through plaintext. As the initial value of the 2D-SCH system, the secret key is used to generate chaotic sequences. Then, the random scrambling is designed based on chaotic sequences. Finally, a pair of initial points is generated by the secret key; the image diffuses around this point. The ciphertext is obtained by a double encryption. Different from the traditional encryption algorithm, this paper encrypts three channels of color image simultaneously, which greatly improves the security of the algorithm. Simulation results show that the algorithm can resist various attacks.
Mucosal Recovery after Intestinal Transplantation in the Rat: A Sequential Histological and Molecular Assessment
Authors: Bagge Jasmine , Padma Arvind Manikantan , Casselbrant Anna , Hellström Mats , Oltean Mihai
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Intestinal cold ischemia and subsequent reperfusion during transplantation result in various degrees of mucosal injury ranging from mild edema to extensive mucosal loss. Mucosal barrier impairment favors bacterial translocation and fluid loss and raises nutritional challenges. The injured intestine also releases proinflammatory mediators and upregulates various epitopes toward an inflammatory phenotype. We studied the process of mucosal injury and repair during the early period after intestinal transplantation from a histological and molecular standpoint. Materials and Methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used as donors and recipients. Donor intestines were perfused and stored in saline for 3 h, then transplanted heterotopically using microvascular anastomoses. Intestinal graft segments were obtained after 20 min, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after reperfusion. Histology studies (goblet cell count, morphometry), immunofluorescence, and western blot for several tight junction proteins, apoptosis, and inflammation-related proteins were performed. Results: Cold storage led to extensive epithelial detachment, whereas reperfusion resulted in extensive villus loss (about 60% of the initial length), and goblet cell numbers were drastically reduced. Over the first 24 h, gradual morphologic and molecular recovery was noted, although several molecular alterations persisted (increased apoptosis and inflammation, altered expression of several tight junctions). Conclusions: The current data suggest that a near-complete morphologic recovery from a moderate mucosal injury occurs within the first 24 h after intestinal transplantation. However, several molecular alterations persist and need to be considered when designing intestinal transplant experiments and choosing sampling and endpoints.
Creación y recreación de imágenes en la capilla de Neferhotep
Authors: Lovecky Gabriela Alejandra , Iamarino María Laura , Cordero Elisa Soledad Neira , Ojeda Valeria Cristina
Published: August 2022

La tumba de Neferhotep (TT49) se encuentra ubicada en la necrópolis tebana de los nobles en el-Khokha Su datación corresponde al reinado de Ay (fines de la dinastía XVIII) y su propietario fue un funcionario de Amón en el templo de Karnak. El monumento es un exponente de las tumbas de época post-Amarna, y su estructura, iconografía e inscripciones jeroglíficas aportan elementos para reconstruir los cambios operados en el marco de la restauración que puso fin a la reforma política y religiosa de Amarna. En este trabajo se presentan interpretaciones a partir de la reciente limpieza de las pinturas murales que permite una mejor visibilidad de las escenas que decoran los cuatro pilares ubicados en la capilla funeraria del monumento. En el análisis se consideran distintos niveles de relaciones topográficas, como disposición y orientación de las caras de los pilares que dan soporte a las escenas y de sus componentes, temática iconográfica de cada pilar y diálogo entre los registros que los componen. Para ello se tendrán en cuenta: prácticas rituales funerarias y de presentación de ofrendas divinas por parte del propietario de la tumba en relación a la celebración de la Bella Fiesta del Valle, considerando que estas actividades se realizaban dentro del microespacio que representaba la tumba y que formaron parte de su programa decorativo con el fin de proporcionar al difunto los elementos requeridos para su eterna renovación.
A relação de Esparta, Élis e das pólis tessálias com seus periecos e o problema da “pólis Lacedemônia”
Authors: Bernardo Gabriel Cabral
Published: August 2022

Pode-se dizer que, desde ao menos a segunda metade do século XIX, a pólis foi a unidade básica de análise da história da Grécia antiga. Entretanto, em muitos casos é evidente que a tentativa de adequar as pólis gregas a cidades-Estado prototípicas do Estado moderno produziu ressonâncias longevas, que até hoje condicionam nossa compreensão das relações sociopolíticas entre vários grupos que compunham as pólis. Portanto, o objetivo desse artigo é demonstrar como as raízes dessa historiografia baseada na pólis condicionaram uma compreensão errônea da relação entre Esparta e as comunidades periecas da Lacônia e Messênia durante o Período Clássico. Isso será feito por meio da comparação dessa relação com aquela mantida por outras pólis com seus respectivos periecos – mais especificamente Élis e as pólis tessálias. Veremos que, ao invés de um Estado unificado e com funcionamentos análogos aos de sua versão moderna, a soma de Esparta e seus vizinhos compunha uma comunidade politicamente muito menos hierárquica e rígida do que se tende a pensar. Isso, por sua vez, nos permite aproximar Esparta de fenômenos análogos contemporâneos a ela, os mesmos que, apesar das respectivas especificidades, ainda apontam para a inexistência de uma pólis-Estado que englobasse cidadãos de uma cidade central e seus periecos.
Pólis e insularidade
Authors: Laky Lilian de Angelo
Published: August 2022

Neste colóquio sobre a unidade e a diversidade das cidades mediterrânicas, discorremos sobre a expressão do fenômeno da cidade nas ilhas dessa região, mas, especificamente, sobre o contexto grego das póleis, a partir da época arcaica, no arquipélago das Cíclades, no Mar Egeu. Escolhemos as Cíclades porque se trata de um conjunto de ilhas com no máximo 400 km2, sendo, assim, consideradas ilhas menores, se comparadas às ilhas mediterrânicas com milhares de quilômetros quadrados (como a Sicília, a Sardenha, Creta). Nas ditas ilhas “pequenas”, os impactos da insularidade, que nos interessam compreender, são sempre maiores do que nas consideradas ilhas “continente”, como a Sicília, por exemplo. Nesse sentido, propomos apresentar o debate e discutir, ainda que inicialmente, as seguintes questões: (1) como aspectos impostos pela natureza insular puderam influenciar a organização física e política das póleis em ilhas? (2) Quais fatores podem explicar a existência do número de póleis nas ilhas?
Short- and Long-Term Risk of Lead Dislodgement Events: Real-World Experience From Product Surveillance Registry
Authors: Qin Dingxin , Filippaios Andreas , Murphy Jeffrey , Berg Melinda , Lampert Rachel , Schloss Edward J. , Noone Michael , Mela Theofanie
Published: August 2022

Background:

Lead dislodgement (LD) has been one of the most common early complications after cardiovascular implantable electronic device implant. However, limited data are available on the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of LD events. The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors, clinical significance, and management strategies of LD events after cardiovascular implantable electronic device implant.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of 20 683 patients who underwent cardiovascular implantable electronic device implant between January 1, 2010 and January 31, 2020 in Medtronic’s Product Surveillance Registry, with a mean follow-up time of 3.3±2.5 SD years. The study population was divided into 2 groups: group A with LD events (N=350) and group B without LD events (N=20 333).

Results:

During this period, 350 patients (1.69%) had LD events involving 371 leads (0.95%), among a total of 39 060 leads implanted. Passive fixation type (right atrium pacing lead,
P
=0.041), lower sensing amplitude (right ventricle defibrillating lead,
P
=0.020), and lower lead impedance at implant (right atrium pacing lead,
P
=0.009) were associated with increased LD risk. Multivariate analysis showed female sex (hazard ratio, 1.520,
P
=0.008) and higher body mass index (hazard ratio, 1.012,
P
=0.001) were independently associated with increased risk of LD events. LD events were not associated with significant changes in the long-term risks of cardiac and overall mortality. In group A, repositioning the dislodged leads increased the risk of a second LD event compared with implanting new leads (
P
=0.012).

Conclusions:

Female sex and higher body mass index were associated with higher risk of LD events in the Product Surveillance Registry. Among patients with dislodged leads, implanting new leads was associated with lower risk of future LD events. Further studies on how to reduce LD risk and to improve management of these events are needed.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01524276.
A new species of Abuta (Menispermaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: FERNANDO FELIZ PABLO , FERNANDES THIAGO , JOFFILY ANA , GIUSEPPE BOVINI MASSIMO , ALVARENGA BRAGA JOÃO MARCELO
Published: August 2022

Abuta alto-macahensis is described and illustrated as a new species restricted to mountains of the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. It is morphologically similar to Abuta rufescens, but it can be distinguished by the leaf blades adpressed tomentose abaxially, and drupelets ≥ 5 cm long, glabrous. Furthermore, taxonomic notes, preliminary conservation status, an identification key, and a distribution map of this new species are presented.
Description of eight new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. auritulus Neumann, 1904, parasites of birds in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions
Authors: APANASKEVICH DMITRY A. , APANASKEVICH MARIA A. , KLIMOV PAVEL B. , EDGY BRETT M. , BERMÚDEZ SERGIO E. , LABRUNA MARCELO B. , KORZEEV ANDREI I. , BARKER STEPHEN C.
Published: August 2022

Ixodes brevisetosus n. sp. from Papua New Guinea, Ixodes contrarius n. sp. from Costa Rica, Ixodes guglielmonei n. sp. from Argentina and Chile, Ixodes insulae n. sp. from Australia, Ixodes moralesi n. sp. from Guatemala and Panama, Ixodes rio n. sp. from Brazil, Ixodes robbinsi n. sp. from Canada and the United States and Ixodes tinamou n. sp. from Peru (Acari: Ixodidae) are described based on females, nymphs and larvae from various avian hosts (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae; Falconiformes: Falconidae; Galliformes: Cracidae, Odontophoridae, Phasianidae; Passeriformes: Acanthizidae, Cardinalidae, Emberizidae, Fringillidae, Furnariidae, Melanocharitidae, Orthonychidae, Paridae, Passeridae, Petroicidae, Thamnophilidae, Troglodytidae, Turdidae; Strigiformes: Strigidae; Tinamiformes: Tinamidae) and a rodent (Rodentia: Muridae). Females, nymphs and larvae of all new species are similar to those of Ixodes auritulus Neumann, 1904, but can be distinguished by the shape of the scutum and basis capituli, relative length of idiosomal setae, auriculae and internal projection on palpal segment I, degree of development of dorsoapical and mesodorsal spurs on palpal segment I, and measurements and proportions of various structures. Females, nymphs and larvae of I. auritulus s. str. are redescribed based on specimens from passerine birds (Furnariidae, Troglodytidae, Turdidae) in Chile. The subspecies I. auritulus zealandicus Dumbleton, 1961 is elevated to species status, Ixodes zealandicus Dumbleton, 1961. Based on our extensive survey and morphological analyses, we evaluate the actual species richness in the I. auritulus species group and discuss future directions in the systematics of this group of ticks.
Evaluating Time-Dependent Extraction of Exfoliated Oral Mucosal Cells from Used Toothbrushes and Miswak
Authors: Mannakandath Master Luqman , Shamsudeen Shaik Mohamed , Sadatullah Syed , Hameed Mohammad Shahul , Hosmani Jagadish , Ajmal Muhammed , Abullais Shahabe Saquib
Published: August 2022

An integral part of forensic work is DNA quantification and profiling, which necessitates many highquality samples for good results. Oral mucosal cells have become an essential source of genomic DNA in epidemiological studies. The time of collecting DNA samples is a critical factor
in forensic science. To compares the time-dependent extraction of DNA yield and purity from exfoliated oral epithelial cells from toothbrushes and miswak used for time intervals up to 5 months. Thirty healthy volunteers were given toothbrushes and miswak to use for six days. The used toothbrushes
and miswak were collected, stored at room temperature, and analyzed immediately and at the end of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth months. Comparisons between the two independent groups of toothbrush and miswak were done by an independent two-sample t-test. The changes over
time for each outcome were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. DNA yield of the exfoliated oral epithelial cell samples was higher from female samples, while DNA purity was higher in the male samples. The Miswak contained a sufficient amount of DNA similar to toothbrushes. The yield and
purity are not significantly altered by storing them for at least five months at room temperature.
This Looks Like That There: Interpretable Neural Networks for Image Tasks When Location Matters
Authors: Barnes Elizabeth A. , Barnes Randal J. , Martin Zane K. , Rader Jamin K.
Published: August 2022

We develop and demonstrate a new interpretable deep learning model specifically designed for image analysis in Earth system science applications. The neural network is designed to be inherently interpretable, rather than explained via post hoc methods. This is achieved by training the network to identify parts of training images that act as prototypes for correctly classifying unseen images. The new network architecture extends the interpretable prototype architecture of a previous study in computer science to incorporate absolute location. This is useful for Earth system science where images are typically the result of physics-based processes, and the information is often geolocated. Although the network is constrained to only learn via similarities to a small number of learned prototypes, it can be trained to exhibit only a minimal reduction in accuracy relative to noninterpretable architectures. We apply the new model to two Earth science use cases: a synthetic dataset that loosely represents atmospheric high and low pressure systems, and atmospheric reanalysis fields to identify the state of tropical convective activity associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation. In both cases, we demonstrate that considering absolute location greatly improves testing accuracies when compared with a location-agnostic method. Furthermore, the network architecture identifies specific historical dates that capture multivariate, prototypical behavior of tropical climate variability.

Significance Statement

Machine learning models are incredibly powerful predictors but are often opaque “black boxes.” The how-and-why the model makes its predictions is inscrutable—the model is not interpretable. We introduce a new machine learning model specifically designed for image analysis in Earth system science applications. The model is designed to be inherently interpretable and extends previous work in computer science to incorporate location information. This is important because images in Earth system science are typically the result of physics-based processes, and the information is often map based. We demonstrate its use for two Earth science use cases and show that the interpretable network exhibits only a small reduction in accuracy relative to black-box models.
The Role of Barotropic versus Baroclinic Feedbacks on the Eddy Response to Annular Mode Zonal Wind Anomalies
Authors: Lorenz David J.
Published: August 2022

The annular mode, the leading pattern of low-frequency variability in the extratropics, owes its temporal persistence to a positive feedback between eddy momentum fluxes and the background zonal wind anomalies associated with the annular mode itself. The mechanisms by which the zonal wind anomalies impact the eddy momentum fluxes fall into two families: 1) baroclinic mechanisms: changes in the amount and location of wave activity generated via baroclinic instability cause the changes in eddy momentum fluxes and 2) barotropic mechanisms: the zonal wind anomalies impact the eddy momentum fluxes directly via critical levels, turning latitudes, and the refraction of meridionally propagating waves. This paper takes a critical look at various methodologies that conclude that baroclinic feedbacks are dominant by developing multiple independent estimates of the relative role of baroclinic versus barotropic processes. All methods conclude that barotropic mechanisms are most important; however, baroclinic mechanisms are not negligible. Additional experiments with the baroclinic feedback turned off (via manipulations to the vertical friction profile) also suggest that barotropic feedbacks are dominant. The methods for estimating the feedbacks are 1) Rossby wave chromatography, 2) forced manipulations of the vertical structure of EOF1 using linear response functions, and 3) quantitatively inferring the meridional wave propagation from the mean wave activity budget and then using this to analyze the wave activity response to anomalies. The last method is also applied to both Northern and Southern Hemisphere reanalysis, and similar conclusions about the feedbacks are reached.
Predictors of Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 Undergoing Tracheotomy
Authors: Mitton Tanner , Atwood Carlyn , Kenee Parker , Wynings Erin , Tibbetts Kathleen M.
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To identify factors predictive of 30-day mortality following tracheotomy in patients with COVID-19.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of patients with COVID-19 who underwent tracheotomy at a tertiary medical center between March 2020 and October 2021 was conducted. Univariate and multivariable analyses of factors correlated with 30-day post-tracheotomy mortality were performed. The outcomes of tracheotomies performed in the operating room and at bedside were compared with t-tests and multivariable analysis.

Results:

One hundred-twenty patients met inclusion criteria, with 48 female patients (40%). Mean age was 59.8 [12.6] years, and the 30-day mortality rate was 18.3%. On univariate analysis, age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.06; P = .015), FiO2 at the time of tracheotomy (OR = 1.06; P < .001), and bedside tracheotomy (OR = 3.21; P = .019) were associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality. After including control variables, increased FiO2 continued to predict increased odds of 30-day mortality (OR = 1.08; P = .02); specifically, patients with FiO2 > 65% were significantly more likely to pass within 30 days than those with FiO2 ≤ 40% (OR = 28.24; P < .001). There was a significant difference in the 30-day mortality rate of bedside tracheotomies (31%) and OR tracheotomies (12%; P = .02), but this association was eliminated on multivariable analysis (OR = 0.95; P = .96).

Conclusion:

Intubated patients with COVID-19 undergoing tracheotomy with FiO2 > 65% have 25 times greater odds of 30-day mortality than those with FiO2 ≤ 40%. There were no differences in outcomes between bedside and OR tracheotomies.
Places that Feel Racist: How the Built Environment Re/Creates White Racial Spaces and Time
Authors: Liu William Ming
Published: August 2022

In this 2022 Janet E. Helms Award for Mentoring and Scholarship keynote, I discuss the importance of understanding how our built-environment and our physical spaces and structures are intertwined with my conceptualization of systemic racism. I describe the problems with how we study racism, systemic racism, and context, and the limitations of how we have adapted traditional psychotherapy theories. In this paper, I propose an examination of structural racism and the ways in which white spaces, white property, and white time work to displace, dispossess, and dislocate Black and other non-Black people of Color. This constant racism within white spaces allows us to understand what may be creating the psychological and physiological stresses many people of Color experience. In better understanding systemic racism, I hope we can focus our critical scholarship on centralizing the humanity of Black, Indigenous, Latinx, Asian, and other people of Color.
Bio-based Non-estrogenic Dimethacrylate Dental Composite from Cloves
Authors: Sun Y. , Sun L. , Hong L. , Li J. , Tang S. , Zhao C.
Published: August 2022

Bisphenol A (BPA), as an endocrine disruptor derived from petroleum-based chemicals, has been prohibited by several regulatory agencies for use in a wide variety of consumer products. For the sake of reducing human exposure to BPA derivatives and in the context of sustainability, it is far-reaching to develop high-performance and low-toxic materials from bountiful biomass sources. The objective of this work was to synthesize 2 bio-based dimethacrylate monomers, 2,2′-dially-4,4′-dimethoxy-5,5′-diglycerolate acrylatediphenylmethane (BEF-EA) and 2,2′-dially-4,4′-dimethoxy-5,5′-diglycerolate methacrylatediphenylmethane (BEF-GMA), using eugenol as the raw material. The estrogenic activity of bio-based bisphenol 2,2′-dially-4,4′-dimethoxy-5,5′-dihydroxydiphenylmethane (BEF) was evaluated and compared with estrogen and commercial bisphenols. After photopolymerization of the di(meth)acrylates diluted with tri(ethyleneglycol) dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), bio-based visible light-curing materials were prepared, and their properties were systematically investigated. Notably, di(meth)acrylates BEF-GMA and BEF-EA derived from these nonestrogenic bio-based phenols exhibited improved biocompatibility and low viscosity (down to 220–280 Pa.s). BEF-GMA and BEF-EA resin matrix exhibits lower volumetric polymerization shrinkage (about 8.5%), high photopolymerization reactivity (>50% in 60 s), and mechanical properties (fracture energy >5.5 N mm; flexural strength of 87–91 MPa, etc), which were comparable or superior to commercial Bis-GMA. The respective bio-based composites still exhibit adequate properties. Therefore, introducing eugenol-based visible light-curable dimethacrylate monomers into dental materials is a potential strategy to establish green sustainability and biocompatible dental materials without BPA.
The Resources of Instructional Contexts: Examples From New Elementary Science Teachers
Authors: Bennion Adam , Bismack Amber S. , Davis Elizabeth A. , Palincsar Annemarie S.
Published: August 2022

Educational contexts are often seen as constraints in school settings. We propose a framework to analyze how teachers draw on their contexts to find resources to support their learning. Following five preservice elementary teachers into their first years of teaching, we draw on interviews, surveys, artifacts, and videorecords. We apply this framework to identify the resources available in elementary science teaching. Our findings show how some resources can cascade from higher levels (e.g., state standards and mistrust of science) and impact classroom opportunities. Our analysis highlights the importance of teacher education and school leadership in illuminating contextual resources available to teachers.
Breeding and genetic improvement of Nigeria indigenous cattle: The pitfalls and potential use of post genomic era technologies for national dairy development
Authors: Sikiru A.B. , Otu B.O. , Makinde O.J. , Saheed S. , Egena S.S.A.
Published: August 2022

Cattle are one of the most important livestock species in Nigeria because they provide multiple services to farmers and contributes to the national economy. In order to advance the benefits of cattle production, there are several breeding and genetic improvement programmes which have been implemented to enhance productivity of the indigenous cattle and pastoral livelihoods. However, after about 100 years of breeding and genetic improvement programmes, Nigeria still struggles to derive expected benefits from cattle production. Hence, this study was carried out to analyse previous cattle breeding and genetic improvement programmes in Nigeria to identify their successes and pitfalls as well as potential roles of post genomics technologies for advancing cattle production. The study identified optimization of indigenous cattle for meat and milk production as the main objective of the previous breeding and genetic improvement programmes; unfortunately, major pitfalls of the programmes are unrealistic breeding objectives and inadequate relevant stakeholder involvement. Furthermore, during their heydays, some of the programmes were successful, popular, and exemplary; but the shortcomings in planning and execution contributed to their failures. After analysis of 9 regional and national cattle breeding and genetic improvement programmes implemented in Nigeria, for cattle breeding and genetic improvement programmes in Nigeria to be among the league of successful similar programmes around the world, there is a need to consider genomic selection of cattle for genetic improvement. Also, the study suggested the need for collaborative networks among scientists, ranchers, breeders associations, smallholder farmers, institutions, biotechnology companies, government ministries, departments, agencies; and non-governmental organizations operating in the domain of cattle breeding, genetics, reproduction and production for advancement of cattle breeding and genetic improvement programmes in Nigeria.
Metrolingual multitasking and differential inclusion: Singapore’s Chinese languages in shared spaces
Authors: Ye Junjia , Kwan Justin P. , Montsion Jean Michel
Published: August 2022

Arrival cities are defined through migration-led diversification that structures integration, notably through everyday language practices. In Singapore’s multilingual landscape, we find hints of historical waves of migrants from Southern China speaking Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien and Teochew and the recent contributions of new migrants from Mainland China. In light of the work of Pennycook and Otsuji, this article explores how the norms of metrolingual multitasking – of adaptation through language – structure differential inclusion in Singapore through banal and commonplace interactions in shared spaces, such as markets. By focusing on historically situated linguistic scripts of inclusion and exclusion in the city-state, we contrast the linguistic adaptations of older and newer arrivals to show how integration is continuously constituted through the differential inclusion of new arrivals. Based on a series of interviews, we shed light on how metrolingual multitasking, as praxis of differential inclusion, sets up the normative framework for the coexistence of various linguistic forms and resources, whether recognised officially or not, and their use in creative ways for pragmatic communication in completing daily tasks. In this context, the norms of metrolingual multitasking reveal an overall sense of ordinary coexistence in living with such diversity as a requirement for successful integration, despite necessary instances of differential treatment and exclusionary practices, including a refusal to engage with difference.
Nonlinear time-varying sliding mode synchronous control of double-lift overhead cranes under unknown disturbances
Authors: Zhu Xinlei , Xu Weimin
Published: August 2022

During the synchronous operation of the double-container, the double-lift overhead cranes suffer from the perturbation of system internal parameters, friction and external unknown disturbances. To address the impact of the above-mentioned negative factors, based on the mathematical model of induction motor and the coupled dynamics model of double-container, this paper proposes a synchronous control method combining variable gain extended state observer and nonlinear time-varying sliding mode surface for the synchronous coordination control of double-lift overhead cranes system. The load dynamics model of the double-container interlocking mode is established. Then, a nonlinear time-varying sliding mode surface is designed by means of nonlinear function and dynamic exponential term, which effectively speeds up the convergence of the system state and enhances the robustness of the system. Furthermore, the design adaptive reaching law is used to weaken the unwanted chattering and improve the performance of the controller. At the same time, the designed variable gain extended state observer estimates the aggregated disturbances in the system and then compensates them into the controller. The Lyapunov stability theory is used to prove the stability of the control system. The simulation experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization control scheme.
Coping Strategies Adopted by Motor Vehicle Accident Survivors from a Hilly State of North India
Authors: Arora Deeksha , Belsiyal Xavier C. , Rawat Vikram Singh
Published: August 2022

Background:

Dealing with trauma has always been challenging for people from all walks of life. Moreover, traumas like Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) are sudden and can be life-threatening, which further raises the concern and thus requires healthy adaptation. Considering the lack of data on the coping strategies of accident survivors in India, this study was undertaken to assess the coping strategies adopted by MVA survivors.

Methods:

Cross-sectional survey was conducted at tertiary care institution in Uttarakhand (India) during 2019–2020. A total of 250 MVA survivors were selected through total enumerative sampling and assessed for posttraumatic stress disorder (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL)-5), depression (Zung self-rating depression scale), and coping strategies (Brief COPE questionnaire).

Results:

The mean score was highest for emotion-focused coping mechanism (32.84 ± 5.18) and lower for dysfunctional (26.18 ± 10.59) and problem-focused (18.47 ± 3.12) coping mechanisms. Religion (96.87%) and emotional support (87.25%) were among the frequently adopted coping styles, whereas denial and self-blame were the least adopted. A high correlation was found between depression and the three coping mechanisms ( r = 0.83 [emotion-focused coping], 0.68 [problem-focused coping], 0.62 [dysfunctional coping]). Among the participants, 133 crossed the threshold for PTSD and/or depression.

Conclusions:

A commonly adopted coping strategy among MVA survivors is emotion-focused coping mechanism. Religion and emotional support are most prevalent because of family dynamics prevalent in countries like India.
Paramedics’ experiences and educational needs when participating end-of-life care at home: A mixed method study
Authors: Surakka Leena K , Hökkä Minna , Törrönen Kari , Mäntyselkä Pekka , Lehto Juho T
Published: August 2022

Background:

Paramedics face end-of-life care patients during emergency calls and more recently through planned protocols. However, paramedics experiences and educational needs concerning preplanned end-of-life care at home remain largely unknown.

Aim:

To describe experiences and educational needs of the paramedics included in the end-of-life care protocol.

Design:

A mixed method study with a questionnaire including open ended questions and numeric evaluations on a Likert scale.

Setting/Participants:

The questionnaire was delivered to and answered by all the 192 paramedics working in North Karelia fire and rescue department during the time of the data collection in 2017.

Results:

Over 80% of the paramedics agreed that the protocol helped them to take care of the patients and to improve the quality of end-of-life care. Visits to the patients were considered useful and the end-of-life care as a meaningful work by 76.5% and 62.5% of the paramedics, respectively. The paramedics expressed challenges in psychosocial aspects, communication, symptom management, and their role in end-of-life care. Encountering and communication with the families as well as managing the most common symptoms were emphasized as educational needs. Using a patient controlled analgesia device emerged as an example of practical educational aspect.

Conclusions:

Paramedics considered end-of-life care at home meaningful but called for more competency in supporting and encountering the families and in symptom management. Our results can be utilized when developing end-of-life care protocols and education for the paramedics. Patients’ and families’ views on the paramedics’ participation in end-of-life care should be evaluated in the future.
Towards widespread properties of cellulosic fibers composites: A comprehensive review
Authors: Chakkour Mouad , Ould Moussa Mohamed , Khay Ismail , Balli Mohamed , Ben Zineb Tarak
Published: August 2022

To meet the growing demand for the use of environmentally and friendly materials in various applications, many efforts have been done in order to provide lighweighting, biodegradable, and renewable composites leading to a diminution of greenhouse gas emissions. However, they are confronting some challenges that may limit their utilization in industries such as poor interfacial adherence, high moisture absorption, low processing temperature, and impact strength. Several research works have been carried out regarding the mechanical, thermal, and hydric properties of natural fibers reinforced composites to deal with above underlined drawbacks. Actually, based on our analysis, there are two relevant concerns that prevent their integration in other industries such as marine and renewable energy sectors. In this context, the current critical review offers an up to date overview of the factors influencing the properties of the different components of natural fibers composites (fiber, matrix, fiber/matrix interface) as well as their physicochemical, mechanical, thermal and hydric behaviors. Recent works on the mechanical properties of nanobiocomposites based on cellulosic fibers, crystals, and nano-clay fillers are reviewed. The future directions are also discussed to overcome the challenges confronted by these materials, that is, fire resistance and moisture absorption, in order to widespread their utilization especially for wet and fire retardant purposes.
Ageing, technology, and health: Advancing the concepts of autonomy and independence
Authors: Liu Lili , Daum Christine , Miguel Cruz Antonio , Neubauer Noelannah , Perez Hector , Ríos Rincón Adriana
Published: August 2022

The global pandemic expedited the adoption of AgeTech solutions that aim to help older adults maintain their autonomy and independence. This article examines the negative impact of the Western worldview of autonomy and independence on older adults. Negative impact can manifest as ageism and may be compounded by intersections of identities with race, gender, and culture. We propose an inclusive framework for health leaders, one that is not binary or categorical, but instead, on a continuum: (1) relational autonomy which assumes that relationships form one’s identity; therefore, no one is autonomous to the exclusion of others, and (2) interdependence which proposes that one’s lifestyle choice is supported by interreliance with aspects of one’s environment. We examine two examples of AgeTech from the perspective of relational autonomy and interdependence and discuss how health leaders can use this inclusive framework to ensure that their services do not discriminate against older adults.
Regulating in the public interest: Lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Myles Sophia , Leslie Kathleen , Adams Tracey L. , Nelson Sioban
Published: August 2022

This article has three aims. First, to reflect on how conceptualizations of the public interest may have shifted due to COVID-19. Second, to focus on the implications of regulatory responses for the health workforce and corresponding lessons as health leaders and systems transition from pandemic response to pandemic recovery. Third, to identify how these lessons lead to potential directions for future research, connecting regulation in a whole-of-systems approach to health system safety and health workforce capacity and sustainability. Pandemic regulatory responses highlighted both strengths and limitations of regulatory structures and frameworks. The COVID-19 pandemic may have introduced new considerations around regulating in the public interest, particularly as the impact of regulatory responses on the health workforce continues to be examined. Clearly articulating practitioner practice parameters, reducing barriers to practice, and working collaboratively with stakeholders were primary aspects of regulators' pandemic responses that impacted the health workforce.
Use of telehealth: Evidence from French teleconsultation for women’s healthcare, prior and during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Milcent Carine , Zbiri Saad
Published: August 2022

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, French healthcare practitioners seldom used teleconsultations in France. COVID-19 has brought with it a great need for the use of teleconsultation and other interventions using digital technology. The study’s objective was to identify how French healthcare practitioners used teleconsultation for obstetrics and gynecology care services before and during COVID-19. Our study used a survey of French healthcare practitioners specializing in obstetrics and gynecology from 1 March 2020, to 31 April 2020. We first described the global picture of the teleconsultation context prior to COVID-19 and then during the first lockdown measures. For both contexts, we set up three aspects: 1- teleconsultation regarding providers’ ability; 2- teleconsultation with regards to its technological features; and 3- teleconsultation for which type of healthcare. Second, we mobilized logit models to study the determinant factors of teleconsultation use as well as what drives provider satisfaction with teleconsultation practice. We show the central role of training, and the importance of some main digital technology benefits, namely improving public health, responding to patients’ requests, and facilitating healthcare access. We also exhibit the importance of the limitations specifically related to the lack of convenience in digital technology use and the lack of trust in the digital service provided. Our results guide policy makers on suppliers’ motivation and needs for teleconsultation adoption. These results highlight the conditions for efficient use of teleconsultation.
Numerical investigation of the effect of the slit profile on the combustion characteristics of a micro-combustor with a centrally slotted bluff body
Authors: Srinivasa Raghavan KA , Srinivasa Rao S , Raju VRK
Published: August 2022

Numerical studies are performed on a micro-combustor with a centrally slotted bluff body by varying the slit profile. The slit profiles is modified to alter the velocity of the fluid stream through the slit. Three different slit profiles are considered viz., straight, converging and diverging slits. The combustion characteristics are evaluated in terms of the hydrogen combustion efficiency, combustion progress parameter and blow-off limits. The converging slit is found to exhibit better combustion efficiency compared to the other two slit profiles. The converging slit resulted in the formation of a secondary recirculation zone near the rear end of the bluff body. A novel approach towards understanding the flame splitting which finally results in blow-off is presented. Total viscosity is considered as the means to quantify the shear stress which is responsible for the flame stretching and eventual flame splitting. It is observed that the flame blows off at smaller inlet velocities in the combustor with the converging slit compared to the other slit profiles.
Numerical investigation of entropy hydraulic loss analysis and vortical structure suppression in mixed flow pump device under lateral inflow
Authors: Zheng Yunhao , Li Yanjun , Zhu Xingye , Xu Xiaotian , Meng Fan
Published: August 2022

To investigate the influence of the lateral inflow on the vortical structures and hydraulic losses inside the mixed-flow pump, entropy production, and Q-criterion were applied to numerical simulation analysis of transient flow. Three inflow runner schemes were designed to compare the effects of the middle-isolated pier and rear wall of the “ω” structure on restraining the occurrence and transmission of a vortex and stabilizing the internal flow state of the pump device. The results showed that when the inflow condition transformed from parallel inflow to lateral inflow, the design efficiency and head deviated toward the over-load flow rate, and the maximum deviations were obtained under the over-load flow rate, reaching 4.79% and 50.35%, respectively. The hydraulic losses and vortical structures increased to a large extent, influenced by the lateral inflow, particularly the flow region near the impeller hub. The setting of the vortex suppression facilities effectively reduced the deviation ratios in the design efficiency and head, which decreased to 1.31% and 7.59%, respectively. The vorticity intensity and entropy dissipation rate were also significantly decreased. By contrast, the rear wall of the “ω” structure had a greater stabilization effect on the internal flow patterns than that of the middle-isolated pier.
A year-round analysis of railway station overruns due to low adhesion conditions
Authors: White Ben , Watson Mike , Lewis Roger
Published: August 2022

Key Performance Indicators, such as station overruns and delay minutes, are used to assess the performance and punctuality of the GB railway. They can be used to quantify the effects of low adhesion, but the majority of previous analysis has been constrained to the autumn season. A Python script has been created in this work to extract 11 years of detailed passenger and freight station overrun data, throughout the entire year. The information gathered includes time and date, location, direction, vehicle type, railhead conditions and subsequent delay minutes caused by the incident. Although the majority of low adhesion related overruns occur in the autumn season due to leaf fall, this work has highlighted the number of low adhesion related issues that occur throughout the year where there are no visible signs of contamination. This work gives an overview of this new dataset and looks at some key trends in the data but the granular detail available means that future case studies could be carried out in specific locations, linked to geographic and meteorological data, to assess when and why low adhesion is occurring. From an operational perspective, the dataset could then be used as a daily updated assessment of the effectiveness of low adhesion mitigation methods.
Family as a redistributive principle of welfare states: An international comparison
Authors: Frericks Patricia , Gurín Martin
Published: August 2022

Redistribution is one of the main characteristics of the welfare state, and welfare state research has dealt intensely with various facets of it. The main focus in analysing redistribution is on the redistributive logics of welfare states in terms of work-related rights. Family as a major principle of welfare state redistribution, though, has hardly been included in these welfare state analyses. It has mainly been addressed by analysing outcome data or by analysing care as the most relevant characteristic of the family. We argue, though, that comparative welfare state analysis that addresses differences in welfare state intended redistribution needs to also include family as a redistributive principle to gain a more complete picture of societal redistribution. In this study, we are analysing the redistributive logics of welfare states in terms of family. We answer the question of how and in how far welfare states institutionalize family as a redistributive principle. We examine by means of the tax–benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD and its Hypothetical Household Tool (HHoT) welfare state regulations on family for three countries that are generally classed as different regime types. We differentiate between a great variety of family forms (referring to marital status, children and different forms of couples’ income distribution) to adequately test our theoretical assumptions. The findings show that family is a major redistributive principle of the welfare states analysed here and applied in different redistributive logics to the various family forms. This, then, results in an increase in income for certain family forms and a decrease in income for other family forms. These differences are not the result of one coherent set of regulations, but of an interplay of in part contradictory regulations that reflect a great variety of family-related redistributive logics within the single countries. Thus our study provides new insights into the redistributive logics of welfare states, and may contribute to the analysis of welfare state complexity in terms of theory, methodology and empirics.
SOS incomes: simulated effects of COVID-19 and emergency benefits on individual and household income distribution in Italy
Authors: Gallo Giovanni , Raitano Michele
Published: August 2022

Using a static microsimulation model based on a link between survey and administrative data, this article investigates the effects of the pandemic on income distribution in Italy in 2020. The analysis focuses on both individuals and households by simulating through nowcasting techniques changes in labour income and in equivalized income, respectively. For both units of observations, we compare changes before and after social policy interventions, that is, automatic stabilizers and benefits introduced by the government to address the effects of the COVID-19 emergency. We find that the pandemic has led to a relatively greater drop in labour income for those lying in the poorest quantiles, which, however, benefited more from the income support benefits. As a result, compared with the ‘No-COVID scenario’, income poverty and inequality indices grow considerably when these benefits are not considered, whereas the poverty increase greatly narrows and inequality slightly decreases once social policy interventions are taken into account. This evidence signals the crucial role played by cash social transfers to contrast with the most serious economic consequences of the pandemic.
Book review: Jiddu Krishnamurti, J. Krishnamurti on Education
Authors: Limbasiya Nailesh
Published: August 2022

Jiddu Krishnamurti, J. Krishnamurti on Education. Chennai: Krishnamurti Foundation India, 2003, 158 pp., ₹100. ISBN: 81-87236-87-8.
Media and Terrorism in Africa: Al-Shabaab’s Evolution from Militant Group to Media Mogul
Authors: Grobbelaar Alta
Published: August 2022

It is no surprise to come across information or video on social or mainstream media that was posted by a terrorist organisation like Al-Shabaab. In this regard, researchers have attempted to answer the question of what terrorist organisations aim to achieve by gaining a strong foothold in cyberspace. This article explores the evolution of Al-Shabaab in terms of their media usage and presence—from a local insurgency using magazines and radio stations, to what can be described as a media mogul in Africa. The author explores how and why this group chooses to pursue a strong cyber presence, and what, if anything, Africa and the international community can do about it.