bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Has COVID-19 Lockdown Affected C and N Level and Isotope Composition in Urban Soils and Plant Leaves?
Authors: Scartazza Andrea , Huarancca Reyes Thais , Bretzel Francesca , Pini Roberto , Guglielminetti Lorenzo , Calfapietra Carlo
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to evaluate how seasonal variations in environmental conditions and atmospheric NO
2
impact C and N cycle in an urban environment by determining their elemental concentration and isotopic composition (δ
13
C, δ
15
N) at spatial scale (urban and peri-urban sites) and species level (evergreen plants). Leaves and soil across the medium-sized city of Pisa were collected over 1 year including COVID-19 lockdown, taking advantage of the unprecedented containment measures causing a substantial NO
2
drop. The enrichment in heavier isotopes of organic matter in urban soil was most likely due to the long-term contribution of both δ
15
N-enriched depositions and greater C and N cycling rates in comparison with peri-urban soil. Leaf δ
15
N represented a valuable proxy of the urbanization degree depending on microclimate and N inputs from atmospheric NO
2
. Leaf δ
13
C showed a seasonal trend linked to plant functional types, with significant differences between sites and species. Differently from
Nerium oleander
and
Pittosporum tobira
,
Quercus ilex
showed a positive correlation between δ
13
C and NO
2
, highlighting the positive effect of N deposition on its intrinsic water-use efficiency. Moreover, the lockdown-induced NO
2
reduction was reflected in a decreasing trend of leaf N concentration and change in intrinsic water-use efficiency depending on the plant species and urbanization degree.
Q. ilex
showed the best adaptability to the more NO
2
-polluted site, being able to uptake and immobilize high amounts of
15
N-enriched atmospheric depositions into its leaves without toxic effects. Overall, these results must be considered in urban greening programs to improve air quality in NO
2
-polluted areas.
Effect of Honokiol on culture time and survival of Alzheimer’s disease iPSC-derived neurons
Authors: Le Duong Thi Thuy , Vu Cuong Manh , Ly Thuy Thi Bich , Nguyen Nam Trung , Nguyen Phuong Thi Mai , Chu Ha Hoang
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been widely used as disease models to test new therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the regenerative potential of stem cells can be improved with the use of biologically active compounds. Our study was designed to explore the effect of honokiol, a small polyphenol molecule extracted from Magnolia officinalis, on the survival and culture time of iPSC-derived neurons from a sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patient. This study aimed to generate iPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of an AD patient using episomal plasmids with a nucleofector system and differentiate them into neurons. These iPSC-derived neurons were used to investigate the effect of honokiol extracted from M. officinalis on their survival and long-term cultures. Methods: IPSCs were generated from PBMCs of an AD patient by introducing Oct-3/4, Sox2, Klf4, L-Myc, and Lin28 using Nucleofector™ Technology. Differentiation of neurons derived from iPSCs was carried out using inducers and recognized by biomarkers. The viability of iPSC-derived neurons with the addition of honokiol extracted from the bark of M. officinalis was determined by the MTT analytical kit. Results: IPSCs were generated by reprogramming AD patient-derived PBMCs and subsequently converted into neurons. The survival and growth of iPSC-derived neurons were significantly enhanced by adding honokiol in the experiment conditions. Conclusion: AD iPSC-derived neurons had a high viability rate when cultured in the presence of honokiol. These results have shown that AD iPSC-derived neurons can be an excellent model for screening neurotrophic agents and improving the conditions for long-term cultures of human iPSC-derived neurons. Honokiol proves to be a potential candidate for cellular therapeutics against neurodegenerative disorders.
Cancer Preventive Therapies Should be Reason-Based
Authors: Doepp Manfred
Published: August 2023

One should act on the level of the causes and not the effects. Cancer does not come by coincidence, it does not come out of nowhere. There is usually a chain of prerequisites or conditions that can be divided into somatic, mental, and psychological. If you limit yourself to only fighting the tumor, you do not change the fact that the organism produced it for a reason. Therefore, it is worth going to the level of possible causes and trying to treat and eliminate them. Such causes are, for example, toxins of chemical nature, but also mental and psychological poisons such as repressed conflicts. The purification of the body-mind-soul unity is the best cancer prevention therapy.
Analisis Spasial Temporal Indeks Kekeringan dan Sebaran Hotspot dengan Pemanfaatan Data Satelit pada Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir dengan Metode Keetch Byram Drought Index (KBDI)
Authors: Gunawan Taufik Ari , Imroatul Chalimah Juliana  , Reini Silvia Ilmiaty  , Rahmadhina Aji Pertiwi
Published: August 2023

Frequent droughts cause forest and land fires during the long dry season. Therefore, it is necessary to overcome the problem of drought. However, currently, information about drought is still lacking even though it is very much needed. This is the background for researching the analysis of the drought index. This study will analyze spatially and temporally the drought that occurred in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. Due to the limited data from the observation station, data from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) was used and calculated using the Keetch Byram Drought Index (KBDI) method, then visualized using the Geographic Information System (GIS) application to map the distribution of drought index, hotspot distribution, and land cover. Based on this analysis, it can be seen that in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, extreme drought often occurs in September in areas dominated by shrubs and dry forests. After being corrected, the distribution of the drought index, the distribution of hotspots, and land cover showed a strong correlation.
Sille’de Bulunan Tarihi Camilerin Harim Planlarına Tipolojik Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: BADEMCİ Fikret
Published: August 2023

Sille, tarihsel süreç içerisinde birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bu nedenle Sille camiden kiliseye birçok kültürel mirasa sahiptir. Özellikle, Müslüman toplumların uzun yıllar yaşadığı Sille’de birçok tarihi cami bulunmaktadır. Bu camiler yapıldıkları dönemin mimari anlayışlarını yansıtmaktadırlar. Böylece camiler gerek yapım sistemleri gerek işçilikleri gerekse de süslemeleriyle İslam mimarisinin gelişimine katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu camiler üzerinde yapılacak olan tipoloji çalışmaları hem İslam mimarisine hem de Osmanlı dönemi cami mimarisine ışık tutması bakımından önemlidir. Çalışma, Sille’de bulunan tarihi camilerin harim planlarının incelenerek tipolojik benzerliklerin tespit edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın kapsamını Konya’nın Selçuklu İlçesi’ne bağlı Sille Tarihi Kenti’ndeki günümüze ulaşmış tarihi camiler olan Ak Cami, Subaşı Cami, Çay Cami, Karataş Cami, Mormi Cami ve Mezaryaka Camileri oluşturmaktadır. Tipoloji çalışması için yapının künye bilgilerini, harim bilgilerini ve planını içeren bir katalog oluşturulmuştur. Bu kataloglar yapıya gidilerek yerinde doldurulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda Sille’deki tarihi camilerin harim bölümlerinde birçok tipolojik özellik tespit edilmiştir.
PREPARATION OF CRYSTALLINITY TAILORED SILK FIBROIN-SODIUM ALGINATE BASED FLOATING MICROBEADS FOR NEVIRAPINE DELIVERY
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur Dist.: Dhule 425405, Maharashtra State, India, DIGAMBAR PATIL BHUPESH , NAMDEV NANGARE SOPAN ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur Dist.: Dhule 425405, Maharashtra State, India, RAMVALLABH ZAWAR LAXMIKANT ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur Dist.: Dhule 425405, Maharashtra State, India
Published: August 2023

The present work anticipated crystallinity-tuned silk fibroin (SFIB)-sodium alginate floating microbeads (MB) as a candidate for nevirapine (NEV) sustained release. Briefly, crystallinity tuning was accomplished using solvent annealing. The changes in structural conformation of SFIB were validated using FTIR spectroscopy. Here, the tangent baseline method revealed changes in crystallinity of floating NEV-loaded SFIB-MB. Importantly, solvent annealing offers conversion of amorphous ‘α-helix’ to crystalline ‘β-sheet’ of SFIB, helping to modify drug release from the matrix of SFIB-sodium alginate. As well, NEV-loaded SFIB-MB demonstrated good floating profile. The NEV-loaded SFIB-MB with ethanol (ETH-6) annealing for 6 hours shows 25.853% drug release at 12 hours (pH = 1.2), compared to untreated NEV-loaded SFIB-MB (65.132%, 12 hours, log p < 0.0001). The release kinetics of batch ETH-6 revealed first-order release kinetics and Fickian diffusion (n = 0.468) was found to be the drug diffusion mechanism. Therefore, crystallinity-modified floating NEV-loaded SFIB-based MB will open a new door for modified drug delivery.
CHEMICAL MODIFICATION FOR RESISTANCE TO PHOTO-OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION AND IMPROVED BLEACHING AND COLOR FASTNESS PROPERTIES OF HEMP FIBER
Authors:   Western Michigan University, Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering,  Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA, SONMEZ SINAN , MARCELLO CORNELIUS ,   Western Michigan University, Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering,  Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA, SALAM ABDUS ,   Western Michigan University, Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering,  Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
Published: August 2023

The objective of the research has been to overcome some inherent drawbacks of hemp fiber via chemical modification, which is a vital issue in using it as a textile fiber like cotton. Hemp fiber was modified with treatment liquor (mixture of sulfurous acid and sodium hydroxide) in aqueous medium to remove lignin. The effects of the treatment liquor concentration, fiber to liquor ratio, reaction time and temperature on the percent lignin extracted from hemp fiber were studied. Modified hemp fibers (MHF) were bleached in an alkaline pH aqueous medium with hydrogen peroxide. The process significantly improved lignin removal, bleaching and color fastness. In fact, the whiteness index of bleached MHF was significantly higher than that of bleached raw hemp, but its tensile strength was slightly affected. The photo-oxidative degradation of hemp fiber was 70% lower than that of unmodified (raw) hemp fiber and almost like that of cotton yarn. The color fastness properties of dyed bleached modified hemp fiber were significantly better than those of dyed bleached unmodified hemp fiber and close to those of dyed bleached cotton yarn.
PULPING AND PAPERMAKING PROPERTIES OF ZARA PLANT
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh, LIKHON MD. N. A. , RAHMAN MD. MOSTAFIZUR ,   Pulp and Paper Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh, NAYEEM JANNATUN ,   Pulp and Paper Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh, POPY RAZIA SULTANA ,   Pulp and Paper Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh, GOLAM SARWAR ABUL K. M. ,   Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh, JAHAN MD. SARWAR ,   Pulp and Paper Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
Published: August 2023

The fast-growing Zara plant (a putative hybrid of Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) is usually planted for cattle fodder. For the first time, Zara plant was evaluated for its pulping potential based on anatomical, chemical, and morphological characteristics. This plant was characterized by an acceptable amount of α-cellulose (40.32%) and lignin (18.4%), with medium fiber length (1.09 mm). Soda–anthraquinone (AQ) pulping of Zara plant was investigated. Anatomically, stems of Zara plant had porous structure, mainly composed of vascular bundles surrounded by parenchyma tissue. Consequently, they were easier to delignify and defibrate, and a pulp yield of 46.54% was obtained, with kappa number 15.45 under the conditions of 14% alkali charge for 120 min of cooking at 150 °C. Good papermaking properties were observed, the tensile index was 78.9 N.m/g at 43 °SR. The resulting pulps showed good bleachability in elemental chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching sequences (D0(EP)D1). Pulp brightness of 81.5%, with the viscosity of 16.0 mPaS, was obtained, with the consumption of 25 kg ClO2/ton of pulp.
EFFECT OF ALKALINE TREATMENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALFA FIBER/UNSATURATED POLYESTER COMPOSITE
Authors:   Inorganics Materials Laboratory, University of M’sila, Algeria, AZZEDINE MELOUKI , AZZEDINE BENYAHIA ,   City, Environment, Society and Sustainable Development Laboratory, University of M'sila, Algeria, NADIR DEGHFEL ,   Inorganics Materials Laboratory, University of M’sila, Algeria, CHOUK FARSI ,   Laboratory of Structural and Mechanical Materials (LMMS), M’sila, Algeria, NOURI LAIB ,   Inorganics Materials Laboratory, University of M’sila, Algeria, MAHMOUD LEBID ,   Inorganics Materials Laboratory, University of M’sila, Algeria, YAKOUT ADDOUR ,   City, Environment, Society and Sustainable Development Laboratory, University of M'sila, Algeria
Published: August 2023

Researchers are showing increasing interest in plant fiber reinforced composites due to their eco-friendliness, low density, low cost and amazing mechanical properties. However, some challenges remain for researchers in this field, most notably poor adhesion between the polymer matrix and the plant fibers, which reduces the mechanical properties of composites reinforced with these fibers. This study aims to improve the adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement by chemically treating Alfa fibers (Stipa tenacissima) with a 3 wt% NaOH solution at different times (1, 3, 5 and 24 h). FTIR, DRX, GTA and tensile tests were conducted. XRD tests showed that the crystallinity index of 3% alkali treated Alfa fibers for 5 h increased by 36.26%, compared to that of untreated fibers. The results also revealed that the mechanical properties of composites reinforced with treated fibers outperformed those reinforced with untreated fibers. These findings can contribute to the development of high mechanical performance composites, which can be competitive with those prepared with synthetic fibers.
INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF BORASSUS FLABELLIFER SPROUT FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES
Authors:   Department of Mechatronics, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, 638401, India, VADIVELVIVEK VIJAYAKUMAR , NATARAJAN NANJAPPAN ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Excel Engineering College, Namakkal, 637303, India, NIJANDHAN KULANDAIVEL ,   Department of Mechatronics, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, 638401, India, BOOPATHI CHINNAKANNAN ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology,  Erode, 638401, India
Published: August 2023

Natural fibers have been extensively used for many decades. This work investigates the suitability of Borassus flabellifer sprout fiber, a new class of fibers, as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites. Borassus flabellifer sprouts are also called palm sprouts. The fibers were extracted by the water retting method and treated with 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to remove the impurities present in the fiber to achieve better bonding with the matrix. Scanning electron microscopic images of raw and alkali treated Borassus sprout fibers were studied. Composite specimens were made with 20, 25, 30 and 35 volume % of treated and untreated palm sprout fibers, respectively, in a polyester matrix by the hand layup technique and by the compression molding technique. Tensile strength, flexural strength, compression strength, impact strength, hardness and water absorption of sample specimens were determined. Experimental results showed that the composite specimens with 35 volume % of treated palm sprout fibers as reinforcement performed better in all aspects. They have 30.34% higher tensile strength, 34.47% higher flexural strength, 3.14% increased compression strength and 15.56% better impact strength and 7.6% less water absorption than the composite plates reinforced with 35% untreated palm sprout fibers. Thus, the composites showed adequate mechanical properties to be considered for specific applications.
ANALISIS KINERJA BIROKRASI PEMERINTAHAN DESA PADA PERANGKAT DESA PAREREJO KECAMATAN PURWODADI KABUPATEN PASURUAN JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Rossa Ilma Silfiah  , Munawaroh  , Aminullah
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the Performance Analysis Of Village Government Bureaucracies In The Development Of Parerejo Village, Purwodadi District, Pasuruan District, East Java. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method. The results of this study are based on indicators in Agus Dwiyanto's theory (2006: 50) regarding the measurement of the performance of the public bureaucracy as follows: (1) the performance of the Parerejo Village Government Bureaucracy has fulfilled the Productivity aspect due to work achievements by maximizing massive organizational evaluation. (2) The performance of the Parerejo Village Bureaucracy has fulfilled the Service Quality aspect because it has SOP as a public service mechanism. (3) The performance of the Parerejo Village Bureaucracy has fulfilled the Responsiveness aspect because it makes community complaints material for organizational evaluation in improving the quality of performance. (4) The Bureaucratic Performance of Parerejo Village has fulfilled the Responsibility aspect because it opens the widest possible forum for public participation. (5) The performance of the Parerejo Village Bureaucracy has met the Accountability aspect because it opens a public participation forum through a Joint forum or media portal as a form of Village Government accountability to the Community.
The Changes in the Criminal Procedure due to the Development of Science and Technology and the Constitutional Issues
Authors:   Korean Constitutional Law Asscciation, YUN JEE YOUNG
Published: August 2023

The development of science and technology has a wide range of impacts on the criminal procedure. First, once it is acknowledged that there is a lack of penalty regulations to the violation of legal right and interest using advanced technologies, a need to establish newly or improve the existing elements of a crime arises. Also, where there are penalty regulations but the existing investigation and trial method have a limitation in properly responding to the crimes of such kind, an attempt to adopt a new policy is sought on occasions. In addition, while science and technology are used to improve the efficiency of investigation or trial sometimes, the problem of the violation of basic human rights is often noticed in the course of discussion. With this background in mind, this paper examined the changes in the criminal procedure due to the development of science and technology and the constitutional issues related thereto. First, this paper looked into the impacts of science and technology on the criminal procedure, and then investigated the types of changes that are required in the criminal procedures with the commercialization of the advanced technologies, such as encryption and data anonymizationas well as autonomous driving technology. Furthermore, it explored the constitutional issues raised in the course of adopting advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence(AI), drone, robotics, internet of things(IoT), and extended realities(XR) in the criminal procedure.
Eine Stuide über die rechtsnormative Anerkennung von Staatsfinanzregeln
Authors:   Korean Constitutional Law Asscciation, Shin Jung-Gyu
Published: August 2023

Finanzregeln lassen sich nach ihren Zielen und Inhalten klassifizieren. Zunächst werden Haushaltsregeln unterteilt in Haushaltsbilanzregeln (die Differenz zwischen Einnahmen und Ausgaben in einem bestimmten Haushaltsjahr), Ausgabenregeln, die die Steigerungsrate der Ausgaben begrenzen, Einkommensregeln, die die Einkommensgrenze regulieren, und Schulden- regeln, die dies tun Schulden begrenzen, abhängig von den verfolgten Zielen. Die Art und Weise, wie Finanzregeln erlassen werden, bezieht sich normalerweise auf die Aufnahme in die „Verfassung“ oder das „Gesetz“. Es scheint, dass der Grad der Disziplin (Dichte) der Finanzregeln per Gesetz individuell anhand der in den Finanzregeln enthaltenen Vorschriften beurteilt werden muss. Bei den Schuldenregeln, Ausgabenregeln und Einkommensregeln müssen bestimmte Zahlen gesetzlich festgelegt werden. Obwohl die Anforderungen für außergewöhnliche Umstände dieser Regeln festgelegt sind, muss dies jedoch auch im Gesetz spezifiziert werden. Bei den Haushaltsbilanzregeln ist es jedoch nicht erforderlich, bestimmte Zahlen im Gesetz festzulegen, und es reicht aus, sie auf einen allgemeinen Grundsatz zu regeln. Die Frage, ob die Gewaltenteilung verletzt wird, wenn die Finanzregeln in der Verfassung oder in Gesetzen verankert werden, scheint danach zu beurteilen, ob eine Verletzung (Einschränkung) wesentlicher Inhalte der Befugnisse der Exekutive zur Aufstellung und Ausführung des Haushalts vorliegt Rechnung.Bei Ausgabenregeln, die am problematischsten sind, wenn die fiskalischen Ausgabenanforderungen zur Bewältigung außergewöhnlicher Krisensituationen spezifiziert werden und dadurch die nationale fiskalische Krisenreaktionsfähigkeit gewährleistet wird, während auf wirtschaftliche Veränderungen reagiert wird, ist der wesentliche Inhalt der Haushalts- aufstellungs- und Vollzugsbehörde der Exekutive Es wird festgestellt, dass kein Verstoß vorliegt.Als überprüfbare Maßnahme zur Sicherung der Wirksamkeit finanzieller Regeln können gerichtliche Maßnahmen die antizyklische Wirkung fiskalpolitischer Maßnahmen halbieren und stoßen mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit auf Widerstand von Verwaltung und Parlament. Aus diesem Grund kann eine parlamentarische fiskaldemokratische Kontrolle angemessener sein. Und um die Wirksamkeit der Finanzregeln durch die Einrichtung einer unabhängigen Verwaltungsorganisation sicherzustellen, ist es wichtig, wie viel Unabhängigkeit der Organisation sichergestellt werden kann. Der geeignetste Weg, die Unabhängigkeit zu sichern, besteht darin, sie auf die Verfassung zu stützen, aber sie sollte sich auf das Gesetz stützen, unter Berücksichtigung der Struktur der derzeitigen Verfassung, die es schwierig macht, die Verfassung zu ändern. Es ist jedoch notwendig, das Niveau des rechtlichen Gehalts, das die funktionale Unabhängigkeit garantiert, weiter zu stärken.
Prohibition of Constitutional Complaints against Trials and Principle of Original Disposition
Authors:   Korean Constitutional Law Asscciation, Son Sang-sik
Published: August 2023

If the Supreme Court applied the legal provisions declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court, as a Constitutional Court in order to quickly and efficiently relieve the fundamental rights of the people and at the same time secure the effectiveness of the unconstitutional decision, It would be necessary to cancel not only the Supreme Court's judgment but also the original administrative disposition at the same time. In order to file a constitutional complaint against not only administrative disposition but also court trials, in accordance with the principle of supplementation, the final judgment of the final trial is subject to judgment in principle. However, the res judicata of the court does not reach a direct constitutional issue, that is, a judgment on whether fundamental rights are violated in principle. The principle of supplementation only requests administrative disposition to preferentially receive relief from rights through court trials. And it cannot be immediately concluded that even a constitutional complaint against the original administrative disposition itself that caused the trial was excluded from the legal text “excluding judgment of the courts.” There is no reason to deny the constitutional complaint against the original administrative disposition if the court has caused the irrevocable result of the judgment that used the original administrative disposition as the subject of judgment. The judgment of dismissal of the retrial is because the only procedure in which the judgment subject to retrial can be canceled was blocked by denying the binding force of the limited unconstitutional decision. The attitude of the current Constitutional Court Act on constitutional complaints does not deny the constitutional complaint against the original administrative disposition in accordance with principle of the original disposition of the revocation suit. It would be reasonable to regard the exclusion of trials from the subject of constitutional complaints in principle as prohibiting only constitutional complaints against the trial itself. Constitutional complaint against the ruling on the administrative appeal is illegal unless the ground is that the ruling itself has a unique reason for unconstitutionality. However, if a constitutional complaint is filed against the ruling itself due to its own reasons for unconstitutionality and illegality, it can be argued by filing a revocation suit, making it illegal against the principle of supplementation.
A Comparative Study of Algorithmic Recommendations and Platforms' Restrictions on Fundamental Rights
Authors:   Korean Constitutional Law Asscciation, Moon Euibien
Published: August 2023

In today's information society, personalization is emerging as an effort to attract individual attention since what is scarce in the information society is not information, but the attention of the audience. Platforms’ algorithmic recommendation is a good example of a personalized service provided by intelligent information technology in “attention economy” and “surveillance capitalism”. By restricting users' access to information, the platform's algorithmic recommendations play an important role in individual judgment and behavior, and furthermore, could infringe on constitutional rights such as the right to know. This study analyzes how platforms' algorithmic recommendations are contested and regulated in the United States and Europe. The United States has a strong tradition of protecting freedom of speech, and the Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which grants broad immunity to platforms for information posted by third parties, has provided the institutional foundation for the growth of tech giants like Google and Facebook. However, it has been argued in the United States that algorithmic recommendations made are not covered by Section 230 because they are platforms’ own contribution to information posted by third parties. This report examines the U.S. Supreme Court's recent decision and legislative trends on algorithmic recommendations. In Europe, on the contrary, in the wake of Brexit and the concern that biased recommendations by platforms could negatively affect democracy, the Digital Services Act was enacted to provide a legal basis for regulating algorithmic recommendations. The Digital Services Act stipulates measures to ensure individuals' right to know and right to self-determination of personal data, such as enhancing transparency for algorithmic recommendations and allowing individuals to choose whether or not to receive recommendations. Legislation to regulate algorithmic recommendations has been proposed in Korea, but it has not yet passed the National Assembly. Under these circumstances, I analyzed how Korea should respond to algorithmic recommendations from a constitutional perspective by comparing the American approach to algorithmic recommendations in terms of freedom of expression and the European approach to regulating algorithmic recommendations in terms of threats to democracy.
Technology and banking operations: Perspectives of international students in a Ghanaian University
Authors:   BlueCrest University College, Ghana, Moussa Hanatou Laya , Bans-Akutey Anita ,   BlueCrest University College, Ghana
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The study analysed perceptions of international students in a Ghanaian private university college on the effect of information technology on banking operations as they have experienced it in Ghana. Research methodology: A mixed methods research approach was used for this study. Data were collected from 60 international students who were sampled randomly from the population of international students in the college. Descriptive statistics from IBM SPSS Statistics 24 was used to analyse quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Results: Findings showed that even though information technology affects banking operations positively by making operations efficient, easier and faster for both employees and customers; it has increased the rate of fraudulent banking activities. This has exposed clients and employees alike, to a higher risk of fraud and other fraud-related activities. Limitations: This study was limited to international students of a private university college in Ghana. Data were collected from an online survey; hence a limitation to the number of international students who participated in the study. Contribution: Despite the fact that information technology influences banking operations in Ghana positively, it has resulted in increased fraudulent activities related to banking operations. This requires that policymakers improve online security in the banking space. Novelty: There is an emphasis that though technology’s use in banking operations has a positive effect, it also presents banking institutions with an increased risk of fraud as perceived by international students schooling in a private tertiary institution in Ghana.
Influence of Social Capital on Small and Medium Enterprises Performance in Wakiso District, Uganda
Authors:   Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda, Mbowa Henry Stanley , Businge Mbabazi Phelix ,   Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda, Ssemaluulu Paul ,   Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda, Eton Marus ,   Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
Published: August 2023

Purpose: This study examined the influence of Social Capital (SC) on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Wakiso District. Specifically, we identified forms of SC and assessed how they influenced SMEs’ performance in Kitemu Ward. Research methodology: Using qualitative and quantitative methodologies, the study solicited data from 40 participants through interviews and a self-administered questionnaire. Data were edited, cleaned, coded, and entered into MS Excel to generate frequencies and graphs. Content value analysis was used to transcribe the qualitative data and group them into subthemes. Results: The results revealed internal forms of SC, such as friends/peers, trustworthiness, personal saving, family, and social links, while external forms of SC were customers, financial institutions, governments, and companies. Further, SC influences the customer base, leads to high profits, increases sales volume, and enhances creativity and innovation. Limitations: Financial constraints prevented researchers from eliciting data throughout the study area. Furthermore, the small sample size might limit the generalization of the study results to the entire district. In addition, time and data collection biases have implications for this study. Contribution: This study is vital because there are no studies carried out in Kitemu Ward on SC and its influence on SMEs’ performance. The findings can be used by policy and decision-makers to design mechanisms for SMEs’ proprietors to integrate SC into business operations. The literature reveals that SC forms enhance sales, profits, market share, customer base, and accessibility to finance. Novelty: This original study was conducted primarily among women proprietors and managers of SMEs because they are reliable and provide firsthand information as compared to men. Thus, if adopted, the findings are vital for other business proprietors and managers to improve business performance.
Qualche anno fa, prima dell’estate ci siamo squagliati: quest’anno, alla ripresa, proviamo invece a quagliare?
Authors: D'Achille Paolo
Published: August 2023

Ci sono arrivati vari quesiti sul verbo quagliare, sui suoi usi e sui suoi significati, alcuni dei quali sembrano a chi ci ha scritto regionali o dialettali.
ОСНОВНІ НАПРЯМКИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ І РОЗВІТКУ КРИПТОВАЛЮТИ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Прокопенко Олександр , Орлов Василь
Published: August 2023

Розглянуто економічні аспекти функціонування криптовалюти у фінансовій системі України, ризики та проблеми і перспективи розвитку криптовалюти. Зазначено, що майбутнє впровадження криптовалюти у світовій економіці відкриває багато нових можливостей та викликів.
РОЛЬ УРЯДОВИХ ПОРТАЛІВ У КОМУНІКАЦІЙНІЙ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ МІЖ ВЛАДОЮ ТА ГРОМАДСЬКІСТЮ
Authors: Кримчак Людмила
Published: August 2023

У статті визначено особливості комунікаційної взаємодії між владою та громадськістю. Розкрито сутність такої взаємодії. Обґрунтовано функціональну роль Урядового порталу в комунікаційній взаємодії між владою та громадськістю. Здійснено огляд Урядових порталів Великої Британії, Сполучених Штатів Америки, Європейського Союзу та України.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ТА ВЕДЕННЯ КОНТРБАТАРЕЙНОЇ БОРОТЬБИ В ОПЕРАЦІЇ НА ПІДСТАВІ АНАЛІЗУ ТЕОРІЇ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ АРМІЙ КРАЇН – ЧЛЕНІВ НАТО
Authors: Пшaвa Дмитро , Вдовенко Олександр , Головченко Олег
Published: August 2023

Практика ведення воєнних дій показує, що артилерійські підрозділи залишаються єдиним військовим формуванням, здатним забезпечити результативний контрвогонь. Аналіз результатів досліджень та здобутих уроків ведення бойових дій артилерією під час відсічі збройної агресії російської федерації проти України показують, що у практиці організації та ведення контрбатарейної боротьби існує суперечність за ознакою результативності. Для вирішення цієї суперечності в теорії військового управління потрібно вирішити триєдине завдання: аналізу умов і чинників, розроблення науково-методичного апарату та обґрунтування рекомендацій. За результатами проведеного дослідження методом аналізу у статті визначено способи організації та ведення контрбатарейної боротьби й доцільні об’єкти ураження під час ведення проактивного та реактивного контрвогню в теорії військового управління армій країн – членів НАТО. Для розуміння змісту зазначених способів організації та ведення контрбатарейної боротьби проаналізовано та розтлумачено зміст понять “проактивність” та “реактивність” у практиці наукових досліджень в цілому і теорії управління зокрема.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF THE SLM PROCESS ON THE DENSITY OF VOLUME PARTS
Authors: Adzhamskyi Serhii , Kononenko Ganna , Podolskyi Rostyslav , Safronova Olena
Published: August 2023

SLM technology is gaining more and more distribution and application in many industries after it was possible to ensure a sufficiently high density of products. The technological parameters of the process significantly affect the quality of the products. Purpose: establishment of rational printing modes of volumetric samples, with a working thickness of the 316L powder layer of 40 microns to achieve a density of volumetric samples of 99.9%. Volumetric samples (10 × 10 × 3 mm) were produced on an Alfa-150 3D printer manufactured by ALT Ukraine LLC. Experimental manufacturing modes: power - 195 W, speed varied in the range of 800...900 mm/s with a step of 100 mm/s, distance between tracks – 0,08...0,11 mm with a step of 0,01 mm. Determination of the density of metal samples was carried out by the metallographic method on an optical microscope CarlZeiss AxioVert 200M mat. It was established that with the thickness of the applied layer of 40 μm metal powder of steel 316L, at a scanning speed of 800 mm/s and a distance between tracks of 0,08 mm during the production of volumetric samples using SLM technology, their density is 99,98%.
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMBINED TECHNOLOGY WITHOUT DEFORMATION WELDING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS BASED ON THE ACTION OF EXTERNAL ENERGY INFLUENCES
Authors: Pashchin Mykola , Goncharov Pavlo
Published: August 2023

The development of high-tech industries encourages an increase in requirements for metal materials, a complex of their main and special properties, and methods of their one-piece connection.
КЛІНІКО-РЕНТГЕНОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДЕФОРМАЦІЙ КОЛІННОГО СУГЛОБА У САГІТАЛЬНІЙ ПЛОЩИНІ У ХВОРИХ НА РЕВМАТОЇДНИЙ АРТРИТ
Authors: Костогриз Юрій , Костогриз Олег , Гужевський Ігор , Мережко Ярослав , Качан Дмитро
Published: August 2023

Ревматоїдний артрит (РА) – це найпоширеніший в світі тип аутоімунного артриту, розглядається, як хронічне аутоімунне захворювання, що характеризується стійким запаленням суглобів, яке призводить до ушкодження суглобового хряща та, зрештою, кісткової структури з формуванням дефектів. За даними літературних джерел, ця хвороба, яка вражає 1% населення Великобританії, безпосередньо впливає на якість життя та навіть на тривалість життя. У пацієнтів з таким грізним системним захворюванням, як ревматоїдний артрит, переважає в основному набута артрогенна контрактура. Хоча, на різних стадіях перебігу самого захворювання долучається і тендогенний з міогенним компоненти. Клініко-рентгенологічні особливості виникнення сагітальних деформації колінного суглоба у хворих на ревматоїдний артрит до кінця недостатньо вивчені. Існують думки, що вони залежать від вираженості від тривалості перебігу захворювання й змін у власне колінному суглобі.
SAP: A Secure Low-latency Protocol for Mitigating High Computation Overhead in WI-FI Networks
Authors: Jain Vineeta , Wetzker Ulf , Laxmi Vijay , Gaur Manoj Singh , Mosbah Mohamed , Mery Dominique
Published: August 2023

 The increase in popularity of wireless networks in industrial, embedded, medical and public sectors has made them an appealing attack surface for attackers who exploit the vulnerabilities in network protocols to launch attacks such as Evil Twin, Man-in-the-middle, sniffing, etc., which may result in economic and non-economic losses. To protect wireless networks against such attacks, IEEE 802.11 keep updating the protocol standards with new and more secure versions. There has always been a direct correlation between attacks and the improvement of protocol standards. As the sophistication of attacks increases, protocol standards tend to move towards higher security, resulting in a significant rise in both latency and computational overhead, and severe degradation in the performance of low-latency applications such as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), automotive, robotics, etc. In this paper, we make the first attempt to highlight the importance of both latency and security in wireless networks from implementation and performance perspective. We make a review of existing IEEE 802.11 protocols in terms of security offered and overhead incurred to substantiate the fact that there is a need of a protocol which in addition to providing optimum security against attacks also maintains the latency and overhead. We also propose a secure and low-latency protocol known as Secure Authentication Protocol (SAP) which operates in two phases - registration and authentication, where the first phase is a one time process implemented using asymmetric cryptography and the second phase is implemented using symmetric cryptography. The protocol is structured in a way that it maintains the original structure of IEEE 802.11 protocols and performs both phases using fewer messages than existing protocols. By simulating the protocol using well-established OMNeT++ simulator, we proved that the proposed protocol incurs a low computation overhead, making it ideal for low-latency applications. We extensively verified the security properties of the proposed protocol using formal verification through widely-accepted Scyther tool. Finally, we perform a comparative analysis of SAP with existing IEEE 802.11 wireless network protocols to highlight the improvement.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for RSMA-Based Multi-Functional Wireless Networks
Authors: Naser Shimaa , Sani Abubakar A. , Muhaidat Sami
Published: August 2023

The upcoming sixth generation (6G) is expected to support a wide range of applications that require efficient sensing, accurate localization, and reliable communication capabilities. Furthermore, 6G is expected to catalyze the development of new use cases that will require working in extreme environmental and hazardous conditions and have ultra-small size and low-cost wireless devices. Thus, developing sustainable multi-functional wireless networks that are capable of incorporating billions of low-power devices and supporting their sensing and communication requirements on top of energy harvesting capability is of paramount importance. Motivated by this, we consider in this work a rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA)-based multifunctional wireless network with sensing, energy harvesting, and communication capabilities. We employ trust region policy optimization (TRPO), a deep  reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm, to efficiently allocate the available resources and manage the interference between the three functionalities. TRPO/DRL is capable to learn a near-optimal policy for the resource allocation problem in a complex and dynamic environment. This enables us to obtain near-optimal transmit precoders, power splitting ratios, and ratesplitting among the common and private rates in a multiple access setting. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of RSMA in mitigating the interference in such multi-functional networks and its capability to accommodate the rate and energy harvesting requirements of the devices while still capable of sensing multiple targets.
Review of Large-scale Energy Storage Technologies
Authors: Wangmo Wangmo , Helwig Andreas , Bell John
Published: August 2023

The paper reviews energy storage technologies and their applicability to the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM). The increasing gap between maximum and minimum operational demand is likely to continue as time-varying renewable generation penetration proceeds. Recent severe weather events find the NEM ancillary services market for frequency and voltage control becoming increasingly important as the mechanical system inertia of thermal power stations reduces with the retirement of coal-fired power stations. To maintain grid stability through innovative technologies involving various storage technologies with different response times and endurances, a review of existing storage technologies for short to medium-term storage (such as flywheels, batteries, and supercapacitors) reveals that hybrid systems with different power, energy density, and fast response capabilities will be part of the solution. Pumped Hydro Energy Storage, Compressed Air Energy Storage System, hydrogen fuel cells, and fast response peaking hydrogen-fuelled gas turbines were reviewed for long-term storage. Batteries and Supercapacitors are assessed to be the solution for the immediate net zero targets for 2030-2050. While many varieties of batteries exist, metal ion batteries will continue to dominate with particular interest growing toward sodium ion batteries. Current challenges as well as opportunities for future research are highlighted. 
A Survey on Exploring the Evolution and Trends of Web Development
Authors: Shukla Devendra Kumar , Maurya Akash , Pal Madhav , Shivahare Basu Dev
Published: August 2023

Web development has undergone significant evolution over the past decade, driven by advancements in technology, changing user expectations, and the proliferation of internet usage. This research paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest trends and practices in web development, drawing upon a thorough analysis of relevant literature and industry reports. The paper begins by discussing the historical development of web development, from the early days of static HTML websites to the advent of dynamic web applications using technologies such as JavaScript, CSS, and server-side programming. The evolution of web development frameworks, libraries, and tools is examined, highlighting key milestones and breakthroughs that have shaped the landscape of modern web development. The paper then delves into the latest trends in web development, including the rise of mobile-first and responsive design, the increasing use of front-end frameworks such as React, Angular, and Vue, the growing adoption of serverless architectures, and the emergence of progressive web apps and accelerated mobile pages. The impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on web development, particularly in areas such as chatbots, personalization, and data analytics, is also discussed. Furthermore, the paper explores the challenges and opportunities in web development, including issues related to performance optimization, security, accessibility, and cross-platform compatibility. The importance of user experience, usability, and accessibility in web development is emphasized, and the role of web developers in creating inclusive and user-friendly web applications is highlighted. Finally, the paper concludes by discussing future directions in web development, including the potential impact of emerging technologies such as blockchain, virtual and augmented reality, and the Internet of Things. The need for continuous learning, adaptation, and innovation in the field of web development is emphasized, and recommendations for further research and exploration are provided. Overall, this research paper provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution, trends, challenges, and opportunities in web development over the past decade, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders in the field of web development. 
Krytyka instytucjonalna jako perspektywa badawcza prawoznawstwa w kontekście filozofii Jacquesa Rancière’a
Authors: Żak Mariola
Published: August 2023

Artykuł podejmuje refleksję nad kondycją współczesnej krytyki prawa w świetle krytyki instytucjonalnej wywodzącej się z teorii sztuki. Badanie ma na celu weryfikację tezy, że krytyka instytucjonalna jest perspektywą badawczą kształtującą się na tle różnorodnych nurtów krytycznej myśli prawniczej. Owa krytyka ma charakter afirmatywny i konstruktywny. Koncentruje się na analizie funkcjonowania instytucji refleksyjnych oraz na problematyzowaniu napięć kognitywnych wpisanych immanentnie w istotę instytucji prawnych. Instytucje te są analizowane za pomocą metafory gry estetycznej. Praca przedstawia teoretyczne ugruntowanie związku między krytyką instytucjonalną a krytycznym myśleniem prawniczym w świetle filozofii prawa inspirowanej myślą Jacquesa Rancière’a. Ponadto zostały ukazane wybrane przykłady i kierunki potencjalnego zastosowania owej krytyki w kontekście wykształcania wzorców dialogowej kultury prawnej, w rozumieniu nurtu prawa i humanistyki (law and humanities).
جماليات مقتضي الحال ومواضع الخروج عنها في القرآن الكريم التقديم والتأخير إنموذجاً
Authors: نیا الأستاذ المساعد الدكتور  امیر , ایوکی الأستاذ المشارك الدكتور علی , راد طالب الدكتوراه وحید
Published: August 2023

تعتبر ملاحظة مقتضي الحال في الكتب البلاغية بين المواضيع البلاغية الاخري من اهم المواضيع، لا بكونها الدليل الوحيد لبلاغة الكلام فقط ، بل بأعتبارها اساس وعامود جميع المواضيع البلاغية، بما ان كل فن من البلاغة في حال ملاحظة المقتضي الحال تكون لها دورفاعل في بلاغة الكلام ؛ ان مقتضي الحال هو استنتاج بما يوحي به ظاهر الكلام فقط ، وان ما يسمي في علم المعاني باسم خروج عن تطبيق الكلام لمقتضي الحال لا يختصرعلي استعماله في مواضيع علم المعاني فقط ، اذن عندما يخرج الكلام عن التطبيق الاعتيادي و الظاهري ويؤول بطريقة مختلفة في جميع الحالات يعتبر بكونه خروج الكلام عن مقتضاه الحالي في ظل اهمية الموضوع ودورها في فهم النص يدور هذا المقال حول موضوع دراسة موضع خروج الكلام عن مقتضي الحال الي جانب دراسة جماليات اهم موضوع اي التقديم والتأخير في القرآن الكريم وان كان الكلام في الظاهر عدولا عن مقتضي الحال ولكنه في الاساس وبأعتبارالمعني قد تم الكلام علي اساس مقتضي الحال.