bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Human Genes Patentable
Authors: Burk Dan
Published: July 2018

This editorial examines the logical structure of the United States Supreme Court decision in Myriad Genetics v. AMP, regarding patents on human DNA. In the first half of the opinion, a unanimous court holds that genomic DNA molecules derived from human cells are unpatentable products of nature because they have the same informational content, and hence the same function, as native DNA. But in the second half of the opinion, the Court holds that complementary DNA molecules generated in the laboratory are patentable over native sequences because they have a different structure. These two conflicting rationales leave the law of patentable subject matter indeterminate, and far more incoherent than before the Court intervened.
Intellectual Property, Antitrust, and the Rule of Law: Between Private Power and State Power
Authors: Katz Ariel
Published: July 2018

This Article explores the rule of law aspects of the intersection between intellectual property and antitrust law. Contemporary discussions and debates on intellectual property (IP), antitrust, and the intersection between them are typically framed in economically oriented terms. This Article, however, shows that there is more law in law than just economics. It demonstrates how the rule of law has influenced the development of several IP doctrines, and the interface between IP and antitrust, in important, albeit not always acknowledged, ways. In particular, it argues that some limitations on IP rights, such as exhaustion and limitations on tying arrangements, are grounded in rule of law principles restricting the arbitrary exercise of legal power, rather than solely in considerations of economic efficiency.The historical development of IP law has reflected several tensions, both economic and political, that lie at the heart of the constitutional order of the modern state: the tension between the benefits of free competition and the recognition that some restraints on competition may be beneficial and justified; the concern that power, even when conferred in the public interest, can often be abused and arbitrarily applied to advance private interests; and the tension between freedom of contract and property and freedom of trade. This Article explores how rule of law considerations have allowed courts to mediate these tensions, both in their familiar public law aspects but also in their less conspicuous private law dimensions, and how, in particular, they have shaped the development of IP doctrine and its intersection with antitrust law and the common law.
Review of Cheap Sex: The Transformation of Men, Marriage, and Monogamy
Authors: Cohen Philip N.
Published: July 2018

Book Review of Cheap Sex: The Transformation of Men, Marriage, and Monogamy, by Mark Regnerus. (The review was published in Men & Masculinities on March 20, 2018)
Rationale of early adopters of fossil fuel divestment
Authors: Beer Christopher Todd
Published: July 2018

This research uses the social science perspectives of institutions, ecological modernization, and social movements to analyze the rationale used by the early-adopting universities of fossil fuel divestment in the US. Through analysis of qualitative data from interviews with key actors at the universities that divested their endowments from fossil fuels, I examine how institutions navigate competing logics and frame their rationale. The results show that while many institutions relied on ecological values embedded in their missions to justify their decision to divest, many also continued to embrace an altered version of market logic.
General Intelligence in Friendship Selection: A Study of Preadolescent Best Friend Dyads
Authors: Boutwell Brian , Meldrum Ryan , Petkovsek Melissa
Published: July 2018

Research on the topics of general intelligence and friendship formation separately has elicited a tremendous amount of attention across decades of psychological scholarship. To date, however, less effort has been aimed at uniting these lines of inquiry. In particular, do friendship bonds emerge, based in part, on shared levels of cognitive ability? Several disparate lines of evidence suggest this might be the case, however, a need remains to replicate this work using large national samples coupled with psychometrically sound measurement. The current study helps to fill this void in the literature using a national sample of American children. Our results reveal that preadolescent friendship dyads are robustly correlated on measures of general intelligence, and the effects withstand correction for potentially confounding variables.
‘The trunks of trees washed up by the sea’: Of Uprootedness and Shipwreck in V. S. Naipaul’s The Mimic Men
Authors: Studies AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary , BAAZIZI Nabil
Published: July 2018

This paper investigates the notion of uprootnedness and cultural shipwreck in the Trinidadian novelist V. S. Naipaul’s novel The Mimic Men (1967). Although the novel’s fictional island may stand for Trinidad, this paper stresses the fact that, according to Naipaul, the disordered Isabella may well match the characteristics of other chaotic Third World nations. The narrator-protagonist symbolizes more of the disillusionment worthy of Naipaul’s other placeless characters like Salim in A Bend in the River and Mr. Biswas in A House for Mr Biswas. This means that Naipaul tries a writing of a (hi)story that adheres to his personal idiosyncrasies and beliefs, a narrative in which he exposes the abnormalities and pretences of a society in which nothing seems sure and lasting. As the title of the novel suggests, the pattern is that of mimicry; postcolonial countries, all together lacking a sense of creativity, duplicate and distort metropolitan models. Thus, this paper sheds light in the tunnel between the ‘us’ (Europeans) and the ‘them’ (Caribbean) arguing that for Naipaul the first stands for authenticity and reality while the second signifies mimicry and unreality.
How Religious Are American Women and Men? Gender Differences and Similarities
Authors: Schnabel Landon
Published: July 2018

Are women universally more religious than men? Some research on gender differences has argued that biology leads women to be innately more religious than men, but other research has highlighted the importance of avoiding universal claims and recognizing complexity. This brief note uses General Social Survey data to report gender differences in predicted religiosity by religious category across eight measures. In the United States, gender differences seem to be primarily a Christian phenomenon. While women reveal higher levels of religiosity across Christian groups, this trend does not extend to non-Christian groups. Furthermore, there is variation even among Christian groups, with women not revealing higher levels of religiosity for all measures. Nevertheless, there does seem to be a general trend for women to report daily prayer more often than men. These findings further problematize the idea that there are innate gender differences in religiosity rooted in biology, and provide a descriptive foundation for future attempts to explain why (American) Christian groups reveal gender differences in religiosity.
The Quality of Quantity
Authors: Lyons Kate
Published: July 2018

The field of Linguistic Landscapes has grown significantly from its beginnings in quantitative approaches concerned with the counting of languages and signs in the attempt to gauge linguistic vitality to a discipline in its own right, concerned not only with the documentation of languages’ public presence, but the complex relationship between language, place and people. This expansion in scope has, for the most part, moved away from quantitative methods in favor of more in-depth ethnographic approaches, situating the optimal analysis of the LL within careful consideration of the context(s) in which a sign may occur and/or bring about as well as the fluidity of interpretation researchers must allow in their assessments of signs’ significance (Banda and Jimaima 2015; Jaworski and Thurlow 2010; Malinowski 2010; Kallen 2010). In the face of such shifts towards contextualization over context or process over product, quantitative-based approaches which tend to rely on the establishment of discrete categories may be seen as problematic (Gorter and Cenoz 2015; Gorter 2006). This chapter, however, will argue that if enacted with caution and precision, quantitative methods – particularly the use of inferential statistics – continue to offer significant insight for LL research.
THE SHIFTING OF VILLAGE AUTONOMY CONCEPT IN INDONESIA
Authors: phahlevy rifqi ridlo , Multazam Mochammad Tanzil
Published: July 2018

This research tries to examine comprehensively about the different concepts of village autonomy in Law Number 5 of 1979 and Law Number 6 of 2014. The results supposed to be contributed as scientific journal and other scientific work, which is valuable for scientific improvement in provincial autonomy law. It surely could be used by the local governments in Indonesia and hopefully in Asia as a framework to construct a strategic procedure of the village development. This study uses the conceptual approach and analysis approach as methods. The conceptual approach directed to examine the first legal issue related to differ autonomy concept in Law number 5 of 1979 and Law Number 6 of 2014 while the analytical approach is used for assessing the alignment of the concept of village autonomy in Law Number 6, 2014 with a constitutional mandate. Research activity begins with establishing the legal issue through review the primary legal materials, followed by research on secondary law as a theoretical source for legal analysis of emerging issues. Once the overall legal materials collected, the legal issues in the primary legal materials be analyzed. Upon analysis of the legal issues research reports which at the end of the report is concluded and recommended to the stakeholders concerned.
Beyond Search Costs: The Linguistic and Trust Functions of Trademarks
Authors: Katz Ariel
Published: July 2018

Modern trademark scholarship and jurisprudence view trademark law as an institution aimed at improving the amount and quality of information available in the marketplace by reducing search costs. By providing a concise and unequivocal identifier of the particular source of particular goods, trademarks facilitate the exchange between buyers and sellers, and provide producers with an incentive to maintain their goods and services at defined and persistent qualities.Working within this paradigm, this Article highlights that reducing search costs and providing incentives to maintain quality are related yet distinct functions and shows that recognizing their distinct nature enriches our understanding of trademark law. The Article first develops a distinction between two functions of trademarks: a linguistic and a trust functions. Then, the Article demonstrates how the distinction provides a matrix for evaluating the normative strength of various trademark rules and doctrines. Under this matrix, rules that promote both functions would be considered normatively strong; rules that promote neither function would be normatively weak; and rules that promote one function but not the other would be normatively ambiguous, their strength depending on the results of a closer cost-benefit analysis.
Investigating Algerian EFL Students’ Learning-Style and Brain-Dominance Profiles
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Merrouche Sarah
Published: July 2018

Learning styles and brain-dominance preferences continue to attract, today, the attention of both researchers and practitioners in the field of education. Learners are different from each other and this difference matters in learner-centred instruction. This work is an attempt to identify the students’ learning-style and brain-dominance profiles at the Department of English, Larbi Ben M’hidi University, Oum el Bouaghi, Algeria. Seventy two Master Two-level students took part in this study. The Barsch Learning-Style Inventory and the Brain-Dominance Inventory were used as data collection tools. The results show that most of the participants have a visual mode of learning, whether predominantly or in combination with the auditory mode. In addition, the majority of the students are found to have a slight preference either to the left- or the right-brain hemisphere. The paper eventually discusses ways to enable teachers to tailor classroom instructional strategies to students’ learning preferences, and hence capitalize on their learning strengths.
Grassroots Expertise at a New York City Community Board
Authors: Waters Thomas
Published: July 2018

Democratic theory predicts that the use of expert knowledge can conflict with democratic participation in policy-making, but neighborhood-level participatory bodies in U.S. cities frequently deploy quantitative analysis and other forms of expertise as they engage land use processes. An ethnographic approach permits us to investigate the fine-grained human interactions around one such potentially problematic instance. Participatory observation and in-depth interviewing of board members and staff from a New York City community board in a low-income neighborhood show that they can partially overcome the challenge of expertise by developing their own technical capacity. Expertise enhances board members’ influence, but members nevertheless encounter difficulties, including the problem of simultaneously performing advisory and representative roles.
The Control of Managerial Discretion: Evidence from Unionization's Impact on Employment Segregation
Authors: Ferguson John-Paul
Published: July 2018

Does limiting managers’ discretion limit organizations’ scope fordiscrimination? Social-psychological research argues that it limitsopportunities to exercise cognitive biases. Organizational research hasfound that formal personnel practices that establish accountability forworkplace diversity have increased women and minority representation inmanagement. However, drawing causal inferences from such studies iscomplicated because adopting such policies may be endogenous to the firm’swish to hire and promote women and minorities. This study uses unionizationelections to conduct a regression-discontinuity test from which strongercausal inferences can be made. I find that while unionization is associatedwith more representative workplaces and more women and minorities inmanagement, these effects disappear close to the discontinuity threshold.Most of the effects of unionization on workforce diversity may beattributable to the unobserved drivers of selection into unionization. Thishas similar implications for the causal effects of diversity policiesadopted by managers.
Nudge, Boost, or Design? Limitations of behaviorally informed policy under social interaction
Authors: Reijula Samuli , Kuorikoski Jaakko , Ehrig Timo , Katsikopoulos Konstantinos , Sunder Shyam
Published: July 2018

Nudge and boost are two competing approaches to applying the psychology of reasoning and decision making to improve policy. Whereas nudges rely on manipulation of choice architecture to steer people towards better choices, the objective of boosts is to develop good decision-making competences. Proponents of both approaches claim capacity to enhance social welfare through better individual decisions. We suggest that such efforts should involve a more careful analysis of how individual and social welfare are related in the policy context. First, individual rationality is not always sufficient or necessary for improving collective outcomes. Second, collective outcomes of complex social interactions among individuals are largely ignored by the focus of both nudge and boost on individual decisions. We suggest that the design of mechanisms and social norms can sometimes lead to better collective outcomes than nudge and boost, and present conditions under which the three approaches (nudge, boost, and design) can be expected to enhance social welfare.
Bans and Boundaries: The Arab Layman in Zakaria Tamer’s Sour Grapes
Authors: Studies AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary , Witwit May
Published: July 2018

Social diseases, incompetent governments and the effeminate existence of the Arab person are recurrent themes in Zakaria Tamer’s Sour Grapes (2000). Set in a fictitious Syrian neighbourhood, the stories of the collection Sour Grapes identify the bans and boundaries burdening contemporary Arab life. By presenting the unusual and the nonsensical, Tamer highlights not only the socio-political and economic problems but the impact of the various social customs and inaccurate interpretations of religious teachings on gender roles and on all that burdens the sheer existence of the Arab individual. The novelist does not name a figure or a regime but compels his reader to question the quality of existence in a working class Arab neighbourhood. Written in (2000), the collection foresees the inevitability of an Arab uprising, which was to take place ten years later. Unlike the stereotypical observations of many orientalists, Tamer’s Sour Grapes takes his readers through the narrow alleys of Queiq, introducing them to the Arab layman. Through the characters’ defiance or their commitment to the social bans and religious prohibitions, Tamer discloses the deep crisis in the Arab social fabric. Through textual analysis and the explanation of inherited bans and boundaries, this paper highlights Tamer’s clever use of the ridiculous to demonstrate how dictators are instated in most aspects of Arab life. This paper looks deeply into some of Tamer’s short stories to explain what lies between the lines and the ideas behind Tamer’s depiction of the bizarre and the peculiar to demonstrate how the powerful people in an Arab society thrive at the expense of the simple Arab person and his culture.
Library of Babel
Authors: Blandford Cameron
Published: July 2018

It's a good dang story.
Party and Cleavage in the 2016 Election
Authors: Santucci Jack
Published: July 2018

I fit non-parametric spatial models to a novel set of survey data on the 2016 election (N=8,000). I find two underlying dimensions: "race/identity" and "trade-plus." Attitudes toward Muslim immigration and transgender people emerge as the clearest divides between Trump and Clinton voters. Trade is nearly orthogonal to "race/identity" and cleaves both candidates' blocs. Attitudes toward redistributive policies split both parties, depending on the question asked. Supporters of Republican and Democratic candidates reflect distinct positions on "race/identity" (except those of Kasich). Sanders supporters are at least as liberal as Clinton supporters on "race/identity." They are slightly to the left of all others on "trade-plus." Those Sanders voters who voted for Trump are more conservative on "race/identity" and slightly more liberal on "trade-plus."
Estimating age- and sex-specific mortality rates for small areas with TOPALS regression: an application to Brazil in 2010
Authors: Schmertmann Carl
Published: July 2018

High sampling variability in recorded vital events creates serious problems for small-area mortality estimation. Many existing approaches to fitting local mortality schedules, including those most often used in Brazil, estimate rates by making rigid mathematical assumptions about local age patterns. Such methods assume that all areas within a larger area (for example, microregions within a mesoregion) have identically-shaped log mortality schedules by age. We propose a more flexible statistical estimation method that combines Poisson regression with the TOPALS relational model (DE BEER, 2012). We use the new method to estimate age-specific mortality rates in Brazilian small areas (states, mesoregions, microregions, and municípios) in 2010. Results for Minas Gerais show notable differences in the age patterns of mortality between adjacent small areas, demonstrating the advantages of using a flexible functional form in regression models.
Who takes the lead? Social network analysis as pioneering tool to investigate shared leadership within sports teams.
Authors: Fransen Katrien , Van Puyenbroeck Stef , Loughead Todd M. , Vanbeselaere Norbert , De Cuyper Bert , Broek Gert Vande , Boen Filip
Published: July 2018

Leaders do not operate in social vacuums, but are imbedded in a web of interpersonal relationships with their teammates and coach. The present manuscript is the first to use social network analysis to provide more insight in the leadership structure within sports teams. Two studies were conducted, including respectively 25 teams (N = 308; Mage = 24.9 years old) and 21 teams (N = 267; Mage = 24.3 years old). The reliability of a fourfold athlete leadership categorization (task, motivational, social, external leader) was established by analyzing leadership networks, which mapped the complete leadership structure within a team. The study findings highlight the existence of shared leadership in sports teams. More specifically, regarding the task and external leadership roles, no significant differences were observed between the leadership quality of coaches and athlete leaders. However, athlete leaders were perceived as better motivational and social leaders than their coaches. Furthermore, both the team captain and informal athlete leaders shared the lead on the different leadership roles. Social network analysis was found to be a pioneering but valuable tool for obtaining a deeper insight in the leadership structure within sports teams.
KABADDI Analytics
Authors: Parmar Manojkumar
Published: July 2018

Kabaddi is a contact team sport of Indian-origin. It is a highly strategic game and generates a significant amount of data due to its rules. However, data generated from kabaddi tournaments has so far been unused, and coaches and players rely heavily on intuitions to make decisions and craft strategies. This paper provides a quantitative approach to the game of kabaddi. The research derives outlook from an analysis performed on data from the 3rd Standard-style Kabaddi World Cup 2016, organised by the International Kabaddi Federation. The dataset, which consists of 66 entries over 31 variables from 33 matches, was manually curated. This paper discusses and provides a quantitative perspective on traditional strategies and conceptions related to the game of kabaddi such as attack and defence strategies. Multiple hypotheses are built and validated using student’s t-test. This paper further provides a quantitative approach to profile an entire tournament to gain a general understanding of the strengths of various teams. Additionally, team-specific profiling, through hypotheses testing and visualisation, is presented to gain a deeper understanding of team’s behaviour and performance. This paper also provides multiple models to forecast the winner. The model-building includes automatic feature selection techniques and variable importance analysis techniques. Generalised linear model with and without an elastic net, recursive partitioning and regression tree, conditional inference tree, random forest, support vector machine (linear and radial) and neural network-based models are built and presented. Ensemble models use generalised linear model and random forest model techniques as ensemble method to combine outcome of a generalised linear model with the elastic net, random forest, and neural network-based models. The research discusses the comparison between models and their performance parameters. Research also suggests that ensemble technique is not able to boost up accuracy. Models achieve 91.67%-100% accuracy on cross-validation dataset and 78.57%-100% on test set. Results presented can be used to design in-game real-time winning predictions to improve decision-making. Results presented can be used to design agent and environments to train artificial intelligence via reinforced learning model.
Will the numbers really love you back: Re-examining Magnitude-based Inference
Authors: Butson Michael Lloyd
Published: July 2018

Many sports medicine and sports science researchers use Null Hypothesis Significance Testing despite it being criticized for being an amalgam of two irreconcilable methodologies. Hopkins and Batterham proposed Magnitude-based Inference as an alternative to Null Hypothesis Significance Testing; however, its validity and utility has also been questioned. Recently, it was suggested that the critics of Magnitude-based Inference lacked vision and that their objections to Magnitude-based inference should be ignored. However, a re-examination of Hopkins and Batterham’s explanation of their method indicates that they use profoundly different approaches in ways that are at odds with their theoretical foundations and intended purposes. If Hopkins and Batterham were to provide a full account of how their method is implemented, it could be comprehensively assessed. Until then, sports medicine and sports science researchers should use other theoretically valid methods that have had their utility established.
Interpreting Signal Amplitudes in Surface Electromyography Studies in Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences
Authors: Vigotsky Andrew David , Halperin Israel , Lehman Gregory , Trajano Gabriel , Vieira Taian Martins
Published: July 2018

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a popular research tool in sports and rehabilitation sciences. Common study designs include the comparison of sEMG amplitudes collected from different muscles as participants perform various exercises and techniques under different loads. Based on such comparisons, researchers attempt to draw conclusions concerning the neuro- and electrophysiological underpinning of force production, and hypothesize about possible longitudinal adaptations, such as strength and hypertrophy. However, such conclusions are frequently unsubstantiated and unwarranted. Hence, the goal of this review is to discuss what can and cannot be inferred from comparative research designs as it pertains to both the acute and longitudinal outcomes. General methodological recommendations are made, gaps in the literature are identified, and lines for future research to help improve the applicability of sEMG are suggested.
Contra o Conceito do Direito: Ontologia e Epistemologia no Problema da Definição do Direito
Authors: Oliveira Ítalo
Published: July 2018

The problem of definition of the concept of law or at least the description of features of legal phenomenon presents variation about the implications of its solution and about the worries around it. The forms of this problem I am interested in are related to ontology and epistemology in legal philosophy: ‘What is the law?’ as (1) a question about the definition of the essence of law and (2) about the definition of a specific object of investigation for sciences about the supposed legal phenomenon – philosophy of law, legal theory, and science of law, for instance. Challenging its premises and trying to avoid both the ontological problem and epistemological problem, I propose a change of perspective from pragmatic concerns what I call the “manager's point of view”: a vision of who should manage the finite economic resources to finance scientific activity in the area of law. I argue that, starting from there, the problem of defining the concept of law as an ontological problem and as a epistemological problem is an unnecessary problem whose solution is useless to advance research in the field of law. I propose a reorientation of the controversy that has implications on how to see the researches and the education in this field.
Study of the mechanical behavior of recycled fibers. Applications to papers and paperboards.
Authors: Ali Imtiaz
Published: July 2018

Incorporation of recycled fibres in high value paper products can reduce cost and environmental loads. Papermaking potential of cellulosic fibres decreases with recycling. The phenomenon of fibre hornification during pressing and drying is normally held responsible for the loss in strength. To study the impacts of recycling on pulp, fibre and paper properties some non conventional characterisation techniques like fibre saturation point, X-rays microtomography, environmental scanning electron microscopic observations, atomic forcemicroscope (PeakForce QNM mode) and inverse size exclusion chromatography(ISEC) were used. In order to achieve good reproducibility of ISEC measurements,a semi-automatic column fabrication pilot system was built. The techniques were first validated on refining process before being applied to the recycling process. In this study, it was found that fibre hornification alone cannot fully explain loss in strength during recycling. The loss in strength is much more complex and it is required to understand the morphological and ultrastructural changes associated with recycling. Fibre width, cell wall thickness,curl, kink, irregularities decreased during recycling. Fibre became hard and brittle in dry state. Number of weak points in the fibre wall were increased initially and in the later recyclings. The increase in wet breaking length indicates increased surface friction and capillary forces with recycling. Decrease in bonded area during first recycle may be caused by the loss of fines and fibre flexibility whereas the increase afterwards may be linked to the lumen collapse.The strength of fibres did not decrease with recycling as shown by zero-span breaking lengths therefore the quality of bond may be deteriorated. It was thought that the partially delaminated P/S1 layers may be responsible for the loss of paper strength. It is suggested since the significant change is associated with the pressing and drying of never dried pulp therefore the drying process needs to be revisited. The delaminated layer should be restored so as to increase the recyclability of the recovered fibres for high value paper. Influence of recycled pulp blends on physical properties of paper was also studied. It was revealed that small quantity of recycled pulp can be used without significantly affecting the mechanical strength properties.
The Retromer Complex protein VPS35 Modulates Iron Homeostasis by Regulating Hepcidin-induced Ferroportin Degradation
Authors: Yang Zinger
Published: July 2018

Hepcidin-mediated degradation of the iron exporter Ferroportin is an essential mechanism for iron homeostasis. Upon Hepcidin binding to the Ferroportin receptor at the cell surface, Ferroportin is rapidly internalized and degraded. However, the underlying mechanism for the degradation has not been uncovered. Using a functional genomics approach, VPS35, a member of the Retromer Complex, is identified as an important regulator for Hepcidin-induced Ferroportin degradation. Cells with CRISPR- induced mutation in VPS35 demonstrated significantly reduced Ferroportin degradation in the presence of Hepcidin. Interestingly, VPS35 mutations and dysfunction of other members of the Retromer Complex have been associated with familial autosomal- dominant Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease with well- established iron accumulation phenotype. The result of this study reveals a previously unappreciated role for the Retromer Complex in the regulation of iron homeostasis.
Antinous: From the Pederastic to the Divine
Authors: Wong Desmond
Published: July 2018

No face is more recognized as the ideal of ancient male beauty than Antinous and yet little is known about his life. Scholars have used his relationship with the Emperor Hadrian as evidence for their own means. This relationship has gone from a sordid and scandalous affair to purely platonic and educational, depending on the personal orientations of the scholars and the cultural trends of their age. The controversy about Antinous began immediately: the establishment of his cult after his death was mocked by contemporaries as an exaggeration and inappropriate mourning. Soon after it was fuel for Christian critics about the arbitrary nature of pagan deities. However, in Hadrian’s lifetime the cult became an established sect of the Imperial Religion, spreading throughout the Eastern provinces. Why did this cult function successfully in the East, while being scorned in the West? This thesis explores the reasons for the different response. I will argue that the pederastic relationship had been a long established tradition within the East but mocked as inappropriate in the West, at least in a public setting. In Greek culture there were numerous cases of such relationships in myth. The contemporaries who criticized the relationship of Hadrian and Antinous, and especially his cult, were reacting against a trend of Hellenization of Roman culture. This had been a debated issue since the Roman conquest of the East, and many times before, the champions of Roman tradition had depicted the spread of Greek ways as the triumph of moral corruption.
Heresy and Humbug: Mormons, Millerites, and the Protestant Evangelical Definition of Religious Freedom in the Burned Over District, 1830-1845
Authors: Cummins Brendan
Published: July 2018

The idea of religious freedom was one of the hallmarks of early nineteenth-century America, but it was not truly universal. Despite denominational differences, mainstream white evangelical Protestants formed a body of unified believers that defined “true” American religion. The Burned Over District of central New York would give birth to two religious movements, Mormonism and Millerism, that challenged the position of evangelical religion in the spiritual consciousness of the nation. The Latter-day Saints (Mormons) and the followers of William Miller’s end time prophecy were inspired by, but moved outside the boundaries of, established evangelical theology and practice. In reacting to these movements, evangelical denominations went beyond cooperation to try to forge a unified congregation of believers. In the face of religious movements that posed real challenges to their prominent position, mainstream evangelical denominations like Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians responded in strikingly similar ways, belying the notion of religious plurality.
PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA NOTASI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR EKSTRAKURIKULER ANSAMBEL PIANIKA
Authors: Unnes eprint-sendratasik , Lestari Puji
Published: July 2018

Ansambel pianika merupakan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler yang paling populer di SMP Negeri 36 Semarang. Seringkali kita menjumpai sekolah yang dalam kegiatan upacara benderanya selalu diiringi dengan tim paduan suara namun berbeda dengan sekolah ini. SMP Negeri 36 Semarang mempercayakan kepada tim ekstrakurikuler ansambel pianika untuk mengiringi jalannya upacara tersebut. Selain itu, ekstrakurikuler ansambel pianika juga eksis mengisi acara-acara yang diadakan oleh sekolah seperti acara HUT sekolah, dan perpisahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui, mendeskripsikan, dan menganalisis korelasi, pengaruh serta kontribusi kemampuan membaca notasi terhadap hasil belajar ekstrakurikuler ansambel pianika di SMP Negeri 36 Semarang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel cluster random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah penilaian unjuk kerja. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi, uji regresi, dan uji kontribusi (determinasi).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan membaca notasi berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar ekstrakurikuler ansambel pianika siswa SMP Negeri 36 Semarang. Kontribusi pengaruh variabel kemampuan membaca notasi terhadap hasil belajar ekstrakurikuler ansambel pianika adalah sebesar 73,6% sehingga berpengaruh signifikan, sedangkan 26,4 % dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Saran yang dapat penulis berikan dalam penelitian ini untuk SMP Negeri 36 Semarang adalah metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran ekstrakurikuler ansambel pianika untuk lebih baik lagi. Saran untuk guru agar lebih intens lagi dalam membimbing dan mendampingi siswa pada saat latihan.
Spatial and temporal scales of atmospheric dynamics
Authors: Jajcay Nikola
Published: July 2018

Earth climate, in general, varies on many temporal and spatial scales. In particular, climate observables exhibit recurring patterns and quasi-oscillatory phenomena with different periods. Although these oscillations might be weak in amplitude, they might have a non-negligible influence on variability on shorter time-scales due to cross-scale interactions, recently observed by Paluš [2014]. This thesis supplies an introductory material for inferring the cross-scale information transfer from observational data, where the time series of interest are obtained using wavelet transform, and possible information transfer is studied using the tools from information theory. Finally, cross-scale interactions are studied in two climate phenomena: air temperature variability in Europe, in which we study phase-amplitude coupling from a slower oscillatory mode with an 8-year period on faster variability and its effects, and El Niño/Southern Oscillation where we observe a causal chain of phase-phase and phase-amplitude couplings among distinct oscillatory modes.
The Impact of International Trade with Newly Industrialised Countries on the Wages and Employment of Low-Skilled and High-Skilled Workers in the European Union
Authors: Dumont Michel
Published: July 2018

In this thesis I give an account of own empirical work on the impact of international trade with Newly Industrialised Countries on the wages and employment of low-skilled and high-skilled workers in the European Union, based on data for a panel of EU countries.
Population and Immunocompetent Genetic Variation: A Field-Based Study
Authors: Griffiths Amber
Published: July 2018

In order to establish an evolutionary context, this thesis examines the phylogeography of the common frog (Rana temporaria) throughout Europe, with a particular focus on the British Isles. Mitochondrial DNA indicates divergent, yet overlapping Eastern and Western European haplotypes, and that Britain was colonized via Western Europe, likely from an Iberian glacial refugium. Ireland appears to have been colonized both via this route, and from a refugium in the South West of Ireland. Data from nuclear microsatellite markers indicate that although the mtDNA haplotypes in England and Eastern Ireland are indistinguishable, there is vastly lower genetic diversity in Ireland.Moving to a finer scale, common frogs in Britain are examined for differences inpopulation genetic patterns that may have been caused by disease outbreaks (Ranavirus). Populations that have experienced recurrent mortalities for approximately five generations are compared to those with no history of disease. Populations that suffer recurrent disease are shown to have experienced approximately 80% declines in the numbers of frogs ten years after the disease first arrived. Yet surprisingly, microsatellite markers show no signal of reduced genetic variability; it is possible that immigration has maintained allelic richness in infected populations. An excess of homozygosity, and a reduction of relatedness within infected ponds implies that assortative mating may be occurring, and population genetic simulations confirm that assortative mating can produce these patterns. A novel Major Histocompatibility Complex (a region directly involved in the immune response to viruses) marker was developed, and haplotype frequencies are shown to differ between infected and uninfected populations. Infected populations show reduced genetic diversity and more uniform allelic frequencies; implying directional selection for more resistant genotypes. These findings indicate that Ranavirus may be affecting the population dynamics of the common frog, and that this species appears to be adapting to the presence of the disease.
In between relationships
Authors: Montilla Doble Lysander James , Gutierrez Reiniero
Published: July 2018

Undergraduate thesis on "in between" relationships (IBRs), which constitute experiences and relationships that overlap between friendships and romantic relationships
Practical Reasoning for Defeasible Description Logics
Authors: Moodley Kody
Published: July 2018

Description Logics (DLs) are a family of logic-based languages for formalisingontologies. They have useful computational properties allowing the developmentof automated reasoning engines to infer implicit knowledge fromontologies. However, classical DLs do not tolerate exceptions to specifiedknowledge. This led to the prominent research area of nonmonotonic or defeasiblereasoning for DLs, where most techniques were adapted from seminalworks for propositional and first-order logic.Despite the topic's attention in the literature, there remains no consensuson what "sensible" defeasible reasoning means for DLs. Furthermore, thereare solid foundations for several approaches and yet no serious implementationsand practical tools. In this thesis, we address the aforementioned issuesin a broad sense. We identify the preferential approach, by Kraus, Lehmannand Magidor (KLM) in propositional logic, as a suitable abstract frameworkfor defining and studying the precepts of sensible defeasible reasoning.We give a generalisation of KLM's precepts, and their arguments motivatingthem, to the DL case. We also provide several preferential algorithmsfor defeasible entailment in DLs; evaluate these algorithms; and the mainalternatives in the literature, against the agreed upon precepts; extensivelytest the performance of these algorithms, and ultimately consolidate our implementation in a software tool called Defeasible-Inference Platform (DIP).We found some useful entailment regimes within the preferential contextthat satisfy all the KLM properties and some that have scalable performancein real world ontologies even without extensive optimisation.
Biochemical and molecular characterisation of the proposed P2Y1-P2Y12 receptor heterodimer in tsA201 cells
Authors: Davis Samuel
Published: July 2018

The P2Y receptor family represents a wide-ranging set of G-protein-coupled receptors that respond to purinergic ligands, and are involved in many physiological processes. From signalling assays in tsA201 cells, the Kennedy lab has previously proposed the formation of a constitutive heterodimer between co-expressed human P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors; this could represent a target for the control of pain sensing neurones. Therefore, it was aimed in this project to characterise if the receptors physically interacted using co-immunoprecipitation, and also to investigate the endogenous expression of other potentially interacting hP2Y receptors in the tsA201 cell line. In this study, tsA201 cells were determined to express mRNA for hP2Y1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 14 receptors using reverse transcriptase PCR and confirmatory Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, the cells demonstrated Ca2+ responses to all of the natural hP2Y receptor agonists tested, the order of potency being ADP > ATP > UTP > UDP. When co-expressing hP2Y1 and hP2Y12 receptors oppositely tagged with a HA or fluorescent protein (FP), immunoprecipitating for the HA tag and blotting for the FP showed a visible high molecular weight protein complex of ~130 to >250 KDa for either combination of receptors. This implied that the FP tagged receptor had co-immunoprecipitated with the other HA tagged receptor as this protein was also visible when blotting for the HA tag, signifying the presence of both tagged receptors in the complex. These results were overall suggestive of functional hP2Y1, 2, 12 receptor expression in the tsA201 cell line, and possibly also hP2Y4, 6, 14 receptors. The high molecular weight protein complex detected could represent a constitutive hP2Y1-hP2Y12 receptor heterodimer as proposed. Whilst it was not possible to specifically either confirm or refute the physical formation of the heterodimer with the data acquired, it was potentially supportive, and furthermore suggested other future paths of investigation.
On Locally Verifiable Proofs of Proximity
Authors: Gur Tom
Published: July 2018

The study of property testing is concerned with algorithms that solve approximate decision problems, while only probing a small fraction of their inputs. More specifically, a tester for a property Pi receives query access to an object x and is required to determine whether x is in Pi or x is far from Pi, using as little as possible queries to x.A fundamental question that arises in any computational model is to understand the power of proof systems within the model. Indeed, the P neq NP conjecture, which deals with the power of proofs in polynomial time computation, is arguably the most important open problem in the theory of computation. The focus of this thesis is on understanding the power and limitations of proof systems within the framework of property testing.We study locally verifiable proofs of proximity (LVPP), which are probabilistic proofs systems wherein the verifier queries a sublinear number of bits of a statement and is only required to reject statements that are far from valid. In their most basic form, the verifier receives, in addition to query access to the statement, also free access to a proof of sublinear length; such proof systems are called Merlin-Arthur proofs of proximity (MAP) and can be viewed as the MA (i.e., ``randomized NP'') analogue of property testing.Other notable forms of LVPPs include interactive proofs of proximity (IPP), in which the verifier is allowed to communicate with an omniscient prover (rather than obtain a static proof), and probabilistically checkable proofs of proximity (PCPP), in which the verifier is only allowed to make a small number of queries to both statement and proof (which is typically longer than the statement, in the case of PCPPs). These proofs systems can be viewed as the IP and PCP analogues of property testing.In this thesis, we initiate the study of some types of LVPPs and continue the study of others. Our main contributions include:Introducing the notion of non-interactive (Merlin-Arthur) proofs of proximity (MAP) and initiating its systematic study.Exponential separations between the power of property testers, MAPs, and IPPs. In particular, denoting by PT, MAP, and IPP the classes of properties that admit testers and verifiers of polylogarithmic query and communication complexity, we show that PT subsetneq MAP subsetneq IPP, which can be interpreted as separating BPP, MA, and IP in the settings of property testing.A hierarchy theorem for IPPs, which shows that the power of IPPs gradually increases with the number of rounds of communication allowed between the prover and the verifier.Constructions of MAPs and IPPs for several complexity classes, including constraint satisfaction problems (such as 3SAT formulas), properties of graphs, languages accepted by small branching programs, and context-free languages; as well as a strong form of PCPPs for affine subspaces.Several constructions of error-correcting codes admitting local features (such as a strong form of local testability, a relaxed form of local decodability, and testability of numerous subcodes) that are useful for applications to LVPPs.
Looking back on identities past: Implicit and explicit evaluations of former groups
Authors: Ebersole Charles R.
Published: July 2018

Group memberships have consequences for social evaluation, leading people to prefer in-groups over out-groups. However, group membership can change. In this paper, I investigate implicit and explicit evaluations of a past in-group. Across three studies, former Christians showed less positive implicit and explicit evaluations of Christianity than current Christians, but also slightly more positive implicit evaluations compared to non-religious individuals who were never Christian. This lingering influence of group membership on implicit evaluation was not moderated by the length of time since group exit or past level of involvement in Christianity. Overall, implicit and explicit evaluations of former Christians more closely resembled those of their current group rather than those of their past identity.