bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Study on complications of Diabetes and its Treatment Options
Authors: Sivaprasad S.
Published: March 2022

Diabetes is a major health hazard with its attendant acute and long-term complications. Globally type-2 diabetes were 15.1 million in 2000. The number of people with diabetes worldwide is projected to increase to 36.6 million by 2030. Diabetes incidence is higher in developing countries than developed countries. A physician’s based study was carried out in 4 Rayalaseema districts, Kadapa, Anantapuramu, Kurnool and Chittor. About 100 physicians who include Diabetologists, Cardiologists and General Physicians were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to determine the prevalence of diabetic complications and their possible treatment options. Physicians responded that about 46% of the diabetic population was having associated complications like diabetic hypertension, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic foot. Among those females showing a significantly higher prevalence than males. Among the diabetics, the prevalence of diabetic hypertension, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic foot, diabetic gastroparesis and diabetic retinopathy were 30%, 25%, 15%, 10%, 8% and 7% of the patients respectively. The prevalence of the diabetes and its associated complications were increased with age and duration of the diabetes. All the diabetic populations need to be treated with suitable prevention and control strategies. As the prevention is better than cure community programmes need to be implemented to create the awareness among the diabetic population.
Agua de Dios, historia, patrimonio y turismo
Authors: Caro Góngora Natalia , Lucumí Alba
Published: March 2022

La presente investigación se desarrolla en el municipio de Agua de Dios, ubicado en el departamento de Cundinamarca, el cual posee una gran riqueza histórica al alojar lamentablemente uno de los primeros campos de concentración en Latinoamérica. Igualmente, en lo cultural se le conoció en el siglo pasado por albergar a personas con la enfermedad de Hansen o conocida en lenguaje común como lepra. También cuenta con una gran riqueza patrimonial y potencial turístico sin valorar. Con esta investigación se busca determinar el potencial turístico de Agua de Dios para el diseño de productos turísticos estructurados. El proyecto se denominó investigación tecnológica ya que busca implementar una solución ante el poco reconocimiento turístico con que cuenta el municipio. La metodología a la que se acude para resolver el objetivo es de tipo cualitativo y se espera que al finalizar la investigación el municipio implemente este diseño de productos turísticos para que inicie su proceso de posicionamiento en el ámbito del turismo a nivel nacional.
Educación para el desarrollo sostenible, avifauna y cartografía social en Sibaté, Cundinamarca
Authors: Cantor Marentes Heidy , Cortés-Dussán Germán
Published: March 2022

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo reconocer en los miembros de la comunidad rural de Sibaté, Cundinamarca, el conocimiento implícito en su vida cotidiana acerca de la educación ambiental y educación para el desarrollo sostenible, a partir del estudio de la biodiversidad de aves en el territorio; se desarrolló desde una metodología mixta focalizada en 3 etapas: trabajo de campo, elaboración de una cartografía social y análisis. Como resultado se obtuvieron las percepciones e imaginarios sociales acerca de la avifauna de la comunidad y una comprensión y reconocimiento del territorio por medio de mapas de cartografía social. A partir de ahí se elabora un análisis desde la educación para el desarrollo sostenible como se aplica y es entendida en los habitantes de las veredas Altocharco, Romeral, Aguas claras, Delicias, El Peñón, Perico y San Fortunato, donde se reconoce la relación hombre, territorio y naturaleza, enfocándose principalmente en la avifauna en el municipio.
Vocational Preference Tendency Analysis of Maritime Transportation Management Engineering Undergraduate Students
Authors: ALTINPINAR İshak , ALADAĞ Ömer
Published: March 2022

Maritime is an essential profession for both our country and the world. 80-90% of the world trade volume is carried out through the seas and naturally seafarers. The most important part of the maritime profession is undoubtedly education. It is known that education at international standards in the field of maritime is provided by the standards of training certification and watchkeeping (STCW), published by the international maritime organization (IMO), and the flag state carries out the inspections. In order to receive undergraduate and associate degree education in the field of maritime in our country, it is necessary to enter the university exam and choose the relevant department of the university and win. The study aims to understand better the education and career paths chosen by maritime transportation management engineering students. This study aims to determine the preference tendencies of the students who prefer this department in universities that provide education in the maritime transport management engineering department and examine the professions that the students choose outside the department. As a result of the evaluations, the most popular preferences among the students who won maritime transportation management engineering were computer engineering, ship machinery management engineering, electrical-electronic engineering, and nursing departments. The increase in the score in the YKS exam has had a significant and negative effect on the rate of students choosing maritime transportation management engineering. The data in this study were obtained from the YÖK Atlas database.
ANÁLISE DO GERENCIAMENTO DE PROCESSOS E QUALIDADE:
Authors: Lucas Gomes Mateus Rafael , Alves de Melo Gustavo , Borges Barbosa Samuel , Mendonça Peixoto Maria Gabriela , Nogueira Thiago Henrique
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo trata de uma análise das atividades realizadas por funcionários de uma empresa do setor têxtil focada na confecção de camisas e situada na região do Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais. O trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico sobre até que ponto a empresa utiliza da gestão por processos e entender como os conceitos de qualidade são difundidos pela organização, visando com isso mapear o processo produtivo das camisas de modo a identificar os problemas existentes. As observações e entrevistas feitas na empresa mostraram que esta não utiliza de maneira efetiva da gestão por processos, bem como não aplica ferramentas gerenciais da qualidade. Um dos principais problemas identificados foi a falta de padronização do produto, e por meio de ferramentas usadas ao longo do artigo foi possível propor melhorias, a fim de contribuir com o crescimento da confecção e ampliar o conhecimento dos autores.
ANALISANDO A VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DO CARRO PRÓPRIO EM RELAÇÃO AO UBER
Authors: Mayer Macagnan Alexandre , Binotto Francescatto Matheus , Roos Cristiano
Published: March 2022

Os serviços de E-hailing estão em constante crescimento em todo mundo, por proporcionar praticidade, confiabilidade e atratividade econômica tanto para os usuários como para os motoristas. Neste contexto, o aplicativo de transportes Uber iniciou o seu funcionamento na cidade de Santa Maria no primeiro trimestre de 2018. A principal questão que motivou a realização deste trabalho é o problema de pesquisa: atualmente utilizar o Uber é economicamente mais atrativo do que ser proprietário de um automóvel na cidade de Santa Maria? Dessa forma, objetivo geral deste trabalho é realizar uma análise de viabilidade econômica do carro próprio em relação ao Uber na cidade de Santa Maria através de indicadores econômicos. Foram criados vinte e oito cenários de cálculo que alternaram entre o carro próprio, o Uber, diferentes quilometragens percorridas diariamente e diferentes Taxas Mínimas de Atratividade. Os métodos de análise utilizados para que o objetivo fosse alcançado foram VPL, TIR, Payback e Payback Descontado. Com base nos resultados encontrados, as principais conclusões foram que o empreendimento se mostrou viável, VPL positivo, para os cenários envolvendo o Uber para até 20 Km percorridos diariamente, além disso, tem-se que os cenários envolvendo o Uber se mostraram mais viáveis economicamente do que os cenários que abrangeram o carro próprio.
Compare the Results of Closed Interlocking Nail Shaft of Femur Versus open Interlocking Nail
Authors: Khan Zahir , Samad Khan Abdus , Khan Haziq Dad , Ahmed Waseem , Laghari Ahmed Raza , Askari Raza
Published: March 2022

Objective: Aim of current study is to compare the outcomes between closed vs open interlocking nail among patients had femur shaft fracture. Study Design:Retrospective cohort study Place and Duration:Orthopedics department of Mardan Medical Complex and Muhammad Medical College and Hospital, Mirpurkhas during the period from 16th June 2020 to 15th July 2021. Methods:One hundred and twenty eight patients with ages 25-70 years were included in this study. All the patients had femoral shaft fracture. Patients’ age, sex, body mass index and cause of fracture was calculated after taking informed written consent. Included patients were equally divided in two groups. Group O received open interlocking nail and closed interlocking nail technique was used in group P group. Post-operatively radiological and surgical outcomes among both groups were assessed and compared in terms of union, non-union and delayed union. Prevalence of infection among both groups was also calculated. Flynn’s criteria were used to assessfunctional outcomes. We used SPSS 23.0 edition to analyze all of the data. Results:Majority of the cases were males 80 (62.5%) and 48 (37.5%) were females. There was no any significantly difference among both groups related to age and body mass index. High impact of collision was the most common cause found in 75 (58.6%) followed by RTA 35 (27.3%) and fall found in 18 (14.1%) cases. Mean duration of surgery in group O was 92.34±5.23 minutes and in group P was 62.12±3.33 minutes. Mean union time in closed group was lower 19.14±5.45 weeks as compared to open group 28.7±6.19 weeks. Frequency of union in group P was higher among 64 (96.9%) as compared to group O 52 (81.3%) cases. Delayed union in group O found among 14 (21.9%) cases and in group P was among 7 (10.9%) cases. According to Flynn’s criteria, closed interlocking nail showed significantly excellent and good results with pp value <0.05 as compared to open technique. Rate of complications were also lower in closed group with p value <0.05. Conclusion: In this research we concluded that closed interlocking nail for femur shaft was effective and useful as compared to open interlocking nail in terms of good radiological and functional outcomes. Except this, post-operative complications were also noticed lower in patients who received closed interlocking nail. Keywords:Closed/Open interlocking nail, Surgery, Femur Shaft, Outcomes, Complications
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Fetal and Maternal Outcomes of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study in Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex, Nowshera
Authors: Saleem Javeria , Neelum Shahzadi , . Sumayya , Amina Noor Ul , Naz Salma , Fazal Yasmeen
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To determine the prevalence, risk factors with maternal and fetal outcomes of hypertension in pregnancy. Type of Study: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Place of Study: Gynae A ward,Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex, Nowshera. Duration of Study: 1 year from 1st Jan,2019 to 31st Dec, 2019. Methodology: 552 patients who had hypertensive disorders in pregnancy were recruited. Self- administered and structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The risk factors in patients and the fetomaternal outcomes were manually extracted from the history sheets and evaluated. SPSS version 22.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was 13.9% in this study. Pregnancy induced hypertension was the most frequent hypertensive disorder with a prevalence of 57.97%. 61% of the total hypertensive patients had no antenatal booking making it the most common risk factors in pregnant hypertensive patients.38% of patients had high blood pressure in previous pregnancies as well. 56.5% of patients admitted had normal vaginal delivery,4.5% of patients had instrumental deliveryand 39% had lower segment caesarean section. 17.75% of the total patientsdeveloped maternal complications and among them the most frequent maternal complication was post-partum hemorrhage (7.4%).49.3% newborns developed neonatal complications where the most common neonatal complication was preterm deliveries (21.9%). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertensive disorders was relatively high in our cohort. However, to reduce the feto-maternal morbidities and mortalities, awareness regarding hypertensive disorders should be increased at the community and hospital level and screening of this disorder should be proposed at early gestation. Keywords: Hypertension, Pregnancy induced hypertension, Pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia, maternal complications, fetal complications.
Common Complications after Immediate Postpartem Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Insertion
Authors: Safi Saeeda , Syed Mehwish , Aman Afrah , Habib Asia , Saleem Javeria
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Low contraceptive rates in poor nations are caused by numerous causes including a lack of information about contraceptives, the inability to get family planning methods, and cultural and geographic constraints on women's movement in these countries. If the birth takes place at a health care institution, women with limited access to medical care have a unique chance to address their contraception needs. Objective:To determine the frequency of common complications in immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device insertion. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at Gynae and Obs department, QaziHussain Ahmed Medical Complex, Noshehra. This was a cross sectional descriptive study in which consecutive non probability sampling technique was used. Duration of the study was 6 months from 21st August 2020 to 20th February 2021,in which a total of 292 patients were studied. All multigravida females undergoing Normal Vaginal delivery and who gave consent for Immediate IUCD insertion were included, while patients with known history of pelvic inflammatory disease or sexually transmitted infection, patients having cavity distorting uterine fibroids, known uterine or cervical malignancy as seen through medical records and women with bleeding disorders as detected from past medical records were excluded.Data wascollected on a pre-designed proforma and analyzed by the SPSS version 20. Results: In this study mean age was 27 years with standard deviation ±1.26. Two hundred and four patients had delivery of placenta and IUCD insertion in 1-5 hours and 88 patients had delivery of placenta and IUCD insertion in 5-10 hours. Regarding complications 44 patients had expulsion in which partial expulsion was found in 9 patients and complete expulsion was found in 35 patients, uterine perforation was found in 6 patients while pelvic inflammatory disease was found in 29 patients. Conclusion: Despite the fact that IUCD's verbal approval was low, its real insertion was even less so. The only time these women have to learn about contraceptive options is during childbirth, when they are in direct touch with medical workers. That's why some people think family planning can help increase the uptake of contraceptives among women who otherwise wouldn't seek them out on their own. Keywords:Common complications, Immediate postpartum, Intrauterine contraceptive device insertion.
The Frequency of Dyspnea among Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department of Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ali Shamshad , Nisa Mubeenun , Shah Nawaz Muhammad , Sayed Tahir Mukhtar , Ashfaq Usman
Published: March 2022

Dyspnea is a frequent presenting symptom in emergency rooms across the world, and it can be difficult to diagnose. The goal of our research is to determine the prevalence of dyspnea among the patients who visit our hospital emergency department. Place and Duration: In the Pulmonology and Medicinedepartment of Avicenna Teaching Hospital, DHA Lahore and Akhtar Saeed Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahorefor six months duration from 21stJanuary 2021 to 20th July 2021. Methods: In theEmergency and Pulmonologydepartment of hospital,a cross-sectional study was conducted after receiving agreement from the institutional review committee. The consecutive samplingapproach was used to acquire a total of 400 samples. As part of standard procedure, all patients were triaged at the emergency room. After receiving conversantpermission from the patient or carer, the participants were accepted into the research. For binary data, a point estimate with a 95% confidence interval, as well as frequency and percentage, were generated. R 3.5.3 was used to conduct the statistical analysis (2019-03-11). Results: The frequency of dyspnea among patients who attended a tertiary care hospital and emergency department was 54 (13.5 percent) at the 95 percent confidence level (4.2-15.2 percent). The red, orange, and yellow groups were allocated to 14 (13.1 percent), 50 (46.7 percent), and 43 (40.2 percent) patients, respectively. The median age was 64, and 74 (69 percent) of those who took part were under the age of 60. Sixty-seven (62.6%) of the participants were females, whereas 40 (37.34%) were males. Ambulances were used by 44 (41.1 percent) of the persons who arrived. Cough and fever were the most common linked symptoms, accounting for 59 (51.1%) and 44 (41.1%) of all cases, respectively. Conclusions:In comparison to previous researches, the prevalence of dyspnea among patients accessing our hospital's emergency department is greater. For quality improvement, this necessitates systematic and rapid dyspnea management. Keywords: Dyspnea, Shortness of breath, Chronicobstructive pulmonary diseases, Emergency medicine
Impact of Reflective Thinking Intervention on Improving Pediatric Nursing Care
Authors: Maher Sultan Hosny
Published: March 2022

Background: Reflection is a recent trend in medical and nursing education whether in teaching or treating. Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of reflective thinking intervention on improving nursing care given by nurses in pediatric critical care units. Materials and Method; The study was conducted at pediatric critical care units (SICU, NICU and ED) in pediatric hospital affiliated to Ain shams university hospitals. The subjects of the study contained 55 nurses and all available children used at the previously mentioned setting regardless their age, sex, level of education and qualification. Three types of tools were used to collect data, an interviewing questionnaire sheet, nursing core competencies clinical evaluation tool &educational supportive material. Results: About (23.6%) had competent level of nursing core competencies through nurses′ reflection at preprogram implementation compared to more than three quarters (78.2%) at post program implementation while elevated to 94.5% at follow up implementation of the program. Conclusion: There was highly statistically significant difference between pre, post and follow up for implementation of the program regarding nursing core competencies through nurses’ reflection and Nursing core competencies through instructor comments respectively. Encouraging linkage of nurses’ performance appraisal to the extent of their use of reflective thinking. Keywords: Reflective, Thinking, Pediatric, Nursing, Care
Ultrasonographic Study of Scrotal Pathologies in Central Hospital, Warri, Nigeria
Authors: E, Anibor , D G, Yovwin , L U Ogbemudia
Published: March 2022

This inquiry evaluated the ultrasonographic diagnoses of scrotal pathologies seen at the Central Hospital, Warri in Nigeria. A collective of 135 patients between the ages of 1-70years were considered for this examination. The methodology encompassed a 3 years (2017 to 2019) review of 135 patients enrolled for scrotal ultrasound scan. Data assortment was done between October and December in 2019. Data analysis involved the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23. Results were synchronized with regard to age, ethnic nationalities and the different scrotal pathologies. Chi-square was utilized to analyze the relationship between age and testicular lesions and p-value below 0.05 was termed significant. The preponderance of the patients 28(20.7%) in the sampled populace were in the 31 to 40 years age set. Epididymitis was the least frequent finding and lesions displayed an insignificant age variation (p > 0.05). The predominant scrotal pathologies logged are hydrocele and scrotal hernia. Keywords: Ultrasonography, Scrotal, Pathologies, Warri, Nigeria
Level of Awareness About Risk Factors Associated with Diabetic Foot in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Khan Sikandar Ali , Llah Inam-U- , Babu K. Suresh , Wali Sidra , Malik Abdul , Mahtab Shabir Muhammad , Razaq Hafiza Sobia , Muthanna Fares Mohammed Saeed
Published: March 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness that needs continuous monitoring and treatment. In order to avoid diabetic foot issues, there has to be more awareness and understanding of the signs of diabetic foot, risk factors, and early screenings. Objective: Aim of the current study was level of awareness about risk factors associated with diabetic foot in Type 2 diabetic patients Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out at the Medicine Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar for duration of one year from January 2021 to December 2021. Data was collected from all diabetic type 2 patients by using pre-designed questionnaire. A total of 350 subjects were included in the study. Data analysis was performed by employing SPSS version 21. Results: In our study, based on level of awareness about risk factors of diabetic foot, 133 (38%) subjects have poor awareness, 91 (26%) have average awareness whereas 126 (36%) patients have good level of awareness about risk factors of diabetic foot. Conclusion: Our study concludes that on the basis of current diabetic foot care guidelines, the level of awareness of diabetic type 2 patients about diabetic foot was sub-optimal. Patients with diabetes mellitus should be aware of the medications and lifestyle changes that may help them better manage their blood sugar levels and avoid complications. Keywords: Level of awareness; Risk factors; Diabetic foot; Type 2 diabetes
A review analysis on Awareness of Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Yousaf Zeeshan , Umair Asif Muhammad , Haider Tusneem , Anwer Hina , Fatima Saman
Published: March 2022

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) frequently goes unnoticed in individuals with acute or slow-progressing neurological deficits. It was first discovered through autopsy more than a century ago, and as a result, it was always considered to be lethal. In contrast to arterial thrombosis, cardiovascular thrombosis (CVT) is less common, but if left untreated, it can have disastrous consequences or even be deadly. The primary goal of this review research is to determine how much the public is aware of cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST). From June 2020 to November 2020, the Lahore Medical and Dental College carried out this study. Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Web of Science were used to acquire the information. All the information was gathered to learn more about how CST manifests in patients. The data was gathered and fully analysed possible. Chemosis, proptosis, and severe ophthalmoplegia are all hallmarks of classic acute instances of cavernous sinus thrombosis. These symptoms might be unilateral at first but can progressively become bilateral. It has been established that early detection of CST necessitates the careful speculation of an experienced and goal-oriented clinical practitioner. Keywords: Patients, CST, CVT, Pain, Acute.
Evolutionary law and economics: theory and method
Authors: Deakin Simon , Markou Christopher
Published: March 2022

The standard model of evolution in the economics of law, its important insights notwithstanding, lacks a good account of inheritance to go with analogues to variation and selection. The normative implication of the standard model, which is that self-organising and spontaneous orders will tend to efficiency, is also misplaced. Just as the association of evolution with progress, characteristic of the theory of legal evolution of a century ago, is now understood to be anachronistic, so it is time to discard outmoded notions linking judge-made law and common law legal reasoning with evolution to efficiency. Setting aside the unwarranted normative connotations of evolutionary models would release them to shape empirical research. Evolutionary theory informs methods, including leximetrics, time-series econometrics and machine learning, with the potential to throw light on the structural dynamics of legal change, and to resolve questions of law’s coevolution with the economy which were raised but not resolved by the legal origins debate.
‘Economics in Law: Law in Economics’: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Craven Richard , Hamlyn Olivia
Published: March 2022

This special issue presents a series of papers, each of which – in different ways – reflects upon the role of law in markets. Together, these papers throw light on the ever-evolving relationship between legal studies and the discipline of economics.
study to assess the level of internet addiction and its association with depression and insomnia among students of SGT University
Authors: Abonmai Khiumajuliu , Gautam Anamika , Sahoo Banapriya , Anju Anju
Published: March 2022

The Internet is a global system that is quickly becoming one of the most important tools for obtaining information on the planet. The current research looks at how often people use the internet on a daily basis, as well as the negative consequences it has on people, particularly college students. Individuals may also experience major implications as a result of a lack of public awareness about problematic internet usage and instruction about how to use the internet safely. The objectives of the study are to determine the level of internet addiction and its association between depression and insomnia among students of SGT University, Gurugram. A cross-sectional approach was used to estimate the magnitude of internet addiction. Using the convenience sample technique, 842 SGT University, Gurugram students were chosen. The collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi square test was used to find out association between the level of internet addiction and depression and between the level of internet addiction and insomnia among students. By using statistical analysis, the study found significant regarding internet addiction among students of SGT University.
Heal thy self
Authors: Shah Sejal S. , Nene Krishnapriya , Shetty Samiksha Shivanand , Chauhan Rashmi Singh , Gunjal Pranjali Yashwant , Shetty Bhagyashree Ramesh
Published: March 2022

Self-injurious Behavior (SIB) is a behavior in which an individual inflicts harm to himself/herself. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unparallel change that has impacted the psychology of the population greatly. This can be considered as a major factor influencing self-harm & about a one fourth of all adolescents and children may be seen displaying this sort of this behavior. The exact prevalence of SIB is unknown & widely underestimated. These behaviors are usually hidden and considered to be socially unacceptable. In this current pandemic situation, there has been a upward trend of such behaviors and hence an active collaborative effort should be taken to raise awareness about self-injurious behavior amongst schools, colleges, community and social welfare groups by and large. This article is a small attempt from author’s side to raise awareness which will aid in early diagnosis and timely intervention, thereby improve quality of life of such individuals. A thorough literature search of articles through PubMed, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Inside Dentistry and medRxiv electronic Databases published in English language from year 1974 to year 2021was done. Articles providing information regarding self-injurious behavior were selected.
In-vitro evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste, metapex and newly introduced iodine based asphaline temp as intracanal medicament against enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Jain Gaurav , Sharma Srinkhala , Rastogi Shatakshi , Rajkumar Balakrishnan , Boruah Lalit C.
Published: March 2022

Background: Microorganisms and their products are considered as the etiological agents of pulp necrosis and peri-radicular lesions. They may survive during endodontic procedures due to anatomical structural complexities and limitations of access by instrumentation and irrigants. The present study was conducted to assess antimicrobial efficacy of newly introduced iodine based Asphaline Temp, Triple antibiotic paste and Calcium hydroxide based Metapex against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials & Methods: 90 extracted, single-rooted human permanent teeth were instrumented and autoclaved. Samples were inoculated with the pure culture of E. faecalis and incubated. After incubation, colony-forming units (CFUs) were recorded before medication. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups based on time duration of testing for days – 1 day, 5 days, and 7 days, containing 10 samples each. Group I – Asphaline Temp; Group II – Triple antibiotic paste (TAP); Group III – Metapex. The various time interval bacterial CFUs within the group were compared. Results: Percentage reduction in bacteria count on 1 day, 5 day and 7 day in Group I (Asphaline Temp)  was 77.2, 96.5 and 98.3; in Group II (TAP) was 70.5, 90.4 and 93.2 and in Group III (Metapex ) was 25.8, 46.2 and 58.2.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices about antibiotic resistance and usage
Authors: Kahkashan Iram , Farooq Majid , Imran Semira
Published: March 2022

Background:  The current trend of treatment, using antibiotics has definitely helped improve patient outcome and prevent infectious disease however the irrational and unregulated use these drugs has created a havoc of antibiotic resistance. The Worldwide spread of the antibiotic resistant organisms has gradually created the threat of antimicrobial insufficiency and is leading us back to an pre-antibiotics era. Patients infected with these antibiotic resistant organisms are likely to face long durations of hospital stay, increased cost of treatment and require treatment with second? and third?line drugs, which may be more toxic and less effective.  Medical students are going to be primary care physicians to serve the community. These future prescribers are frontline fighters against antimicrobial resistance, by rationally prescribing the antibiotics and promoting patient awareness. There are sufficient evidences to support that newly licensed doctors / prescribers are not adequately trained to prescribe medications safely. Lack of adequate training during medical degree course may be one of the reasons for that. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and the practices of medical students with respect to antibiotic resistance and usage.
Assessment of the effect of adhesion boosters on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets on bleached teeth
Authors: Singh Shikha , Mahlawat Heeral , Singh Chiranjeev , Bamal Renuka , Sharma Shantanu , Jaswal Akanksha
Published: March 2022

Background: The bleaching procedure results in damage to the outer enamel layer by forming porosities, which leads to demineralization and modification in the calcium–phosphate ratio. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of adhesion boosters on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets on bleached teeth. Materials & Methods: 60 maxillary premolars teeth were randomly divided equally into 2 groups. Group I were bleached teeth and group II had non-bleached teeth. Each group was further divided equally into 3 subgroups (n = 10) depending on the type of adhesive booster used (Enhance LC, All-bond 2, and no adhesive booster [control]). Maxillary premolars brackets were bonded. Debonding was done with a universal testing machine, and the SBS was recorded. Results: The mean shear bond strength (MPa) in Group IA was 10.5, in IB was 13.2, in IA was 10.5, in IC was 14.3, in IB was 13.2, in IC was 14.8, in IIA was 9.8, in IIB was 11.2, in IIA was 9.8, in IIC was 12.3, in IIB was 11.2 and in IIC was 12.8. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Adhesive boosters increased the shear bond strength of both bleached and non-bleached teeth significantly.
Efficacy of using laser assisted adjustable suture in the management of residual angle exotropia
Authors: Hannon Ahmed A. , Yassein Abdelhady M. , Saif Mohamed Y. S. , Khalil Hossam Eldin M. , Mohammed Sahar I.
Published: March 2022

To assess the efficacy of using argon laser suture lysis of adjustable sutures used in strabismus surgery in the management of residual exotropia following surgery for intermittent exotropia. A prospective interventional study was conducted on 30 patients with basic type of intermittent exotropia. Sixty eyes were included from November 2018 to December 2019. All patients were operated on with Ripcord adjustable sutures under general anesthesia. On the first day postoperatively, if alignment was satisfactory (within 10 DP), the ripcord suture was kept in place. If there was residual exotropia more than 10 DP, suture can be cut in less than five applications by argon laser lysis and the muscle retracts posteriorly, producing additional recession of the muscle. Thirty patients were enrolled with ages ranging from 15 to 47 years and an average of 25.93±10.5 years. The mean preoperative angle was 44.3±8.8 DP, ranging from 25 to 60 DP. There was no postoperative significant residual angle in 12 patients (40%) immediately after the operation and throughout the follow-up period of 3 months but there were 18 patients (60%) with postoperative significant residual angle and argon laser suture lysis was done for them, then they were followed-up for 3 months.
English Language Learning Using Education 4.0 in Karimnagar, India
Authors: Srivani V , Hariharasudan A , Pandeeswari D
Published: March 2022

This study presents English language learning using Education 4.0 in Karimnagar District. Many educational institutions in Karimnagar are equipped with technology-based learning that is Education 4.0. Education 4.0 creates innovation in learning. Students can learn at their base, creating a self-learning opportunity for them. Most of the subjects have been learned through Education 4.0. Consequently, English is also learned by Karimnagar students using Education 4.0. This study aims to analyze the impact of Education 4.0 on English language learning in Karimnagar. For this purpose, survey-based research has been conducted in the engineering colleges in Karimnagar. The study adopts quantitative analysis. The SPSS software has been used to analyze the data collected from the selected educational institutions. The results have shown a significant impact on English language learning while using Education 4.0 as a tool. This self-supported flexible learning system helps the students to learn effectively. This study also recommends that future studies may be conducted in other places in India and abroad to find out the usefulness of Education 4.0.
Ossified Ligamentum Flavum: Epidemiology, Treatment, and Outcomes
Authors: Daniels Alan H. , McDonald Christopher L. , Basques Bryce A. , Kuris Eren O.
Published: March 2022

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is an uncommon but potentially serious spinal condition which can cause progressive compression of the spinal canal with associated devastating neurologic compromise. Although debate exists regarding the exact etiology of OLF, overexpression of genes and transcription factors centered around the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways because of increased mechanical stress seems to be related. There are many clinical and radiographic presentations of OLF; however, progressive myelopathy is the most commonly encountered. Radiographic analysis may reveal isolated OLF or OLF combined with ossification of other areas of the spine, such as disk, posterior longitudinal ligament, and dura. When surgery is necessary for OLF, several surgical strategies exist including open laminectomy with excision, endoscopic decompression, Bridge Crane resection, en block resection, and combined anterior and posterior approaches. Resection may be complicated by dural adhesion or dural ossification, and postoperative neurologic deficits are not uncommon.
Filosofi Paku dalam Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Senang Senang
Published: March 2022

Leaders are servants for those they lead, a leader must be able to carry out their duties, fulfill the aspirations and needs of those they lead, while the nail philosophy is a new paradigm in Islamic education leadership to shape the personality of a leader who is ready to carry out his duties and can understand his position. and society, in Islam it is explained that a leader must have characteristics, namely a) knowledgeable, creative initiative, sensitive, open-minded and always responsive, b). Act fairly, honestly and consistently, c). Responsible, d). Selective of information, e). Always give a warning, f). Able to provide instructions and directions, g). Likes to discuss, h). Istiqomah and tough stance, i). Happy to do good, j). Always willing to lighten the burden of others, k). Creative and trusting, l). Have a competitive spirit, m). Aesthetics, good personality and neat appearance, n). Always harmonious and professional in action, o). Disciplined and productive. A leader will face various types of wood (society), which cannot be forced. Leaders must be able to be the mediating nail, the binder or binder between different communities.
Közöletlen római szarkofág leletek a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeumban I. Feliratos római szarkofág Camponából (Budapest XXII, Nagytétény, Angeli u. 25.)
Authors: Mráv Zsolt
Published: March 2022

A tanulmány célja Fülep F. és Burger A. által 1961-ben, Nagytétényben feltárt szarkofág közlése és komplex vizsgálata. A szarkofáglelet értékelése részletesen foglalkozik a szarkofág megtalálásának körülményeivel, szobrászati díszítésének és feliratának elemzésével, keltezésével. Bár a késő római temetkezésre másodlagosan felhasznált szarkofágot kifosztották, mellékleteiből megmaradt egy filigrán technikával és granulációval díszített aranygyűrű valamint egy csontfésű néhány töredéke. A szarkofág topográfiai viszonyának meghatározása végett sor került Campona késő római temetőire vonatkozó mai ismeretanyagunk lehető legteljesebb összegyűjtésére, beleértve az általában késő római temetkezésre ismét felhasznált szarkofágokat is.
Ergebnisse der anthropologischen Untersuchung hunnenzeitlicher Bestattungen
Authors: Köhler Kitti
Published: March 2022

Bei intensiven, den großen Investitionen vorausgehenden Ausgrabungen wurden in den vergangenen Jahren im Kom. Pest mehrere Bestattungen gefunden,die in die erste Hälfte bzw. das mittlere Drittel des 5. Jahrhunderts datiert werden können. Am Fundort Páty, Alsó-Hegy-alja kam 2004 bei Freilegungen vordem Bau einer Depotbasis ein Frauengrab mit gestrecktem Skelett ans Licht. Aus der archäologischen Analyse des gegenständlichen Grabmaterials ging hervor, dass das bestattete Individuum eindeutig germanisch war, darüber hinaus war aber keine ethnische Präzisierung möglich. Im folgenden Jahr fanden sich bei Freilegungen vor dem Bau des Autobahnringes MO am Fundort Budakalász-Csajerszke weitere Gräber aus dieser Periode, die laut dem die Funde bearbeitenden Archäologen eine Familiengrabgruppe bilden. A u f G rund der Beigaben sind die Bestattungen mit großer Sicherheit als Hinterlassenschaft von Nomaden, von Barbaren zu betrachten.
T. Kemenczei: Funde ostkarpatenländischen Typs im Karpatenbeckens. Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abteilung XX, Band 10. Stuttgart 2005.
Authors: Kalicz Nándor
Published: March 2022

T. Kemenczei: Funde ostkarpatenländischen Typs im Karpatenbeckens. Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abteilung XX, Band 10. Stuttgart 2005.
Raetiai típusú kerámiát gyártó műhely Savariában
Authors: Varga Nikolett
Published: March 2022

tanulmány célja az ókori Savaria Ny-i városnegyedének fazekasműhelyében, a mai Járdányi Paulovics Romkertben feltárt, helyben gyártott, az importot utánzó raetiai típusú kerámiaanyag tipológiai és kronológiai vizsgálata. Különös hangsúlyt fe kte tv e az edényformák típusaira, az igen változatos díszítőmotívumokra, a helyi agyagot felhasználó, gyakran féme sen csillogó bevonattal ellátott, de nem a megfelelő hőfokon kiégetett, ezáltal deformált, és a díszítést tekintve kivitelezési hibákat mutató töredékek bemutatására.
Avar temető Hajdúnánás határában
Authors: Rácz Zsófia , Szenthe Gergely
Published: March 2022

2005-ben Hajdúnánás határában 19 sírból álló, kis avar temető került elő. A sírok két kivétellel egy sort alkottak, tájolásuk észak-déli irányú volt. A rítus és a leletanyag egyaránt a 7. század második felére keltezhető, tiszántúli körbe sorolja a temetkezéseket. Az időrendi meghatározást egy bizánci éremmelléklet (662/63) és két sír l4C adatai is támogatják.
Megjegyzések Szőke Béla Miklós „Veränderungen in der Struktur des awarischen Gürtels (Anteus 29-30, 2008, 175-213) című tanulmányához
Authors: Szenthe Gergely
Published: March 2022

Szőke Béla Miklósnak az avar veretes öv szerkezetéről írott tanulmánya a témában régóta az első nagyszabású, összefoglaló igényű munka. A szerző érdeklődésének homlokterében a kora- és közép avar kor áll, emellett olyan, a 7-8. században egyaránt használt, máig ritkán, illetve következetlenül tárgyalt övdíszítmények megjelenését és használatát vizsgálja, mint a lyukvédő, a propeller alakú és a mellékszíjveretek. A tanulmány jelentőségét az adja, hogy Szőke B. M. éppen az övszerkezet kérdéseit, továbbá azokat a veretformákat/típusokat vizsgálja, amelyeknek kialakulásáról, szerepéről - illetve a kettős övviselet esetében egyáltalán létezéséről - mindezidáig nem született konszenzus.
Megjegyzések a Délkelet-Dunántúl késő vaskorához
Authors: Szabó Miklós
Published: March 2022

A ComArchHung 2008. évi számában Maráz Borbála fontos tanulmányt közölt a Délkelet-Dunántúl közép és késő La Тёпе-koráról. A szelektív bemutatás ellenére a kutatás számára egyértelmű nyereség a Pécs-Hőerőmű-lelőhelyen feltárttemetőrészlet közzététele, minthogy az itt azonosított lelethorizont a Kárpát-medence északabbra fekvő területeinek kelta nekropoliszaiban mai ismereteink szerint nem fordul elő. A szerző három egymást követő, részben egymást átfedő periódusba sorolta a térség leleteit: a legkorábbiakat a LT C2/D-időszakba, ezt követi egy kevéssé artikulált LT Dcsoport, majd a LT D2/korai római horizont. Ez a felfogás végeredményben a magyar vaskorkutatás egyik alapproblémájáravezethető vissza, nevezetesen Hunyady kronológiájára, amely nem ismeri a LTB2-Jazist, a közép LT-tárgytípusok élettartamát viszont a LT D kezdetéig hosszabbította meg. Az utóbbi alacsony dátumokat később Jan Filip időrendje megerősíteni látszott. A legújabb kutatások alapján az előbbiek ma már elfogadhatatlanok, vagyis Maráz eredményei felülvizsgálatot igényelnek. A tárgyalt legkorábbi délkelet-dunántúli leletek (Pécs-Vasas, Mágócs stb.) nem későbbiek a LT Cl-időszaknál, ami abszolút kronológiai szempontból a Kr.e. III. század második felének és a II. század első évtizedeinek felel meg. Ami a Pécs-Hőerőmű-temetö sírjait illeti, a legkorábbiak a LT C2/DI átmeneti fázisba, illetve a LT Dl-időszakba sorolhatók. Ez a délkelet-dunántúli horizont elsősorban szlovéniai és szerbiai sírleleteknek feleltethető meg. Az észak-balkáni kapcsolatot különösen jól szemléltetik a feszítőzablák, amelyek elterjedése a scordiscus törzsön belüli, a gall equites-hez hasonló arisztokráciára enged következtetni. Ezentúl az is feltehető, hogy legkésőbb a Kr.e. II. század 2. felétől a Dél-Dunántúl a scordiscus territórium része volt. Ebben az összefüggésben megkülönböztetett figyelmet érdemel a szárazd-regölyi kincsleletek problémaköre, különös tekintettel a Zidorvari oppidumban kiásott ezüstkincsre.
Árpád-kori temetőrészlet és XIV. századi hypocaustum Visegrád belterületéről
Authors: Gróf Péter , Kováts István
Published: March 2022

Visegrád belterületén, házépítés során Kr.u. 11–12. századi sírok és egy Kr. u. 14. századi hypocaustum maradványai kerültek elő. A feltárt objektumok lényegesen árnyalják az Árpád-kori és késő középkori Visegrád vonatkozó részének topográfiájáról szóló ismereteinket.
Nagybronz szoborleletek Pannoniában. Rövid áttekintés
Authors: Mráv Zsolt
Published: March 2022

A pannoniai tartományokban kevés a mészkőből vagy márványból faragott nagyszobrászati alkotás ésgyakran művészi kvalitásuk is alacsony. Ezzel szemben viszonylag sok nagybronz szobortöredéket ismerünk. A tanulmány elsődleges célja, hogy röviden és előzetesen összefoglalja a pannoniai nagybronz szoborleleteiről jelenleg rendelkezésünkre álló információkat, jellemezze és meghatározza a főbb jellegzetességeiket és kiemelje a jelentősebb darabokat.
Földbeásott építmények a Felső-Tisza-vidék középső újkőkori telepein
Authors: Oravecz Hargita
Published: March 2022

A szerző a Felső-Tisza-vidék középső neolitikus településeink földbeásott, korábban „gödörházként”, vagy „putriként” emlegetett építményeit vizsgálja. Első lépésként áttekinti a gödrök alaprajzát, méretét, s kiválasztja azokat a sajátosságokat és szerkezetre utaló nyomokat, amelyek jelentőséggel bírhatnak a különböző típusú építmények elkülönítése és szerkezeti rekonstrukciója során. Bemutatja Nagykálló-Harangod esztári település építményeit, amelyek a korábbiaktól eltérően nagyobb ásatási felületen, más telepjelenségekkel együtt kerültek elő. A település szerkezeti elemzése során arra a következtetésre jut, hogy ezek a felszín alá mélyülő építmények a „soros” települési struktúrában, a házaktól nem nagy távolságra, a tárolók által elfoglalt gazdasági zónában helyezkedtek el. A kemencék környezetében, a padlón lelt kerámia edényekből, állatcsont töredékekből, valamint a különféle szerszámokból, háztartáshoz és háziiparhoz kapcsolódó tevékenységeketállapít meg.
Romanization then and now. A brief survey of the evolution of interpretations of cultural change in the Roman Empire
Authors: Sánta Béla
Published: March 2022

Romanization is a model that helps understand and explain the cultural changes that were brought about on a newly conquered territory by the Roman Empire. It refers to the process by which the conquered people integrated into the Roman Empire and became ‘Roman’. Although Romanization is more than a hundred-year-old interpretative concept, it is only in the past few decades that its validity as a framework of interpretation has been seriously questioned. While there is an intense discussion about Romanization in Western scholarship, Hungarian research remains mostly unaffected and scholars do not seem willing to engage in the debate.
The topography of high medieval Nitra. New data concerning the topography of medieval towns in Slovakia
Authors: König Tomáš
Published: March 2022

Nitra was one of the most important castle towns in the Kingdom of Hungary during the High Middle Ages between the 11th and 13th centuries. The results of existing research have not produced a uniform image of the town’s topography. Opinions among scholars differ especially concerning the location and extension of the extramural settlement. Archaeological excavations at the Tržnica and Mlyny locations raise the possibility that the extension of the extramural settlement was larger than the area later enclosed by the town walls. The reason behind such reduction could have been the decline of the town as a result of the devastating consequences of the Tatar invasion of Hungary in 1241.
A gerényi körtemplom
Authors: Mojzhes Volodimir
Published: March 2022

Az Ungvár városához tartozó Gerény (Horyani) határában lévő rotunda már hosszú ideje a viták kereszttüzében áll. A régebben végzett feltárások eredményei vagy nem hoztak megnyugtató eredményt, vagy közöletlenek maradtak. A 2007 óta, hét szezonon keresztül folyó kutatások végre megállapíthatták, hogy a rotunda legkorábban a 13–14. század fordulóján épülhetett. Valamivel később kőkerítéssel vették körbe, amelybe egy kőépületet is belefoglaltak.