bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of Internet Interventions Compared With Treatment as Usual for People With Mental Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Rohrbach Pieter J , Dingemans Alexandra E , Evers Catharine , Van Furth Eric F , Spinhoven Philip , Aardoom Jiska J , Lähde Irene , Clemens Fleur C , Van den Akker-Van Marle M Elske
Published: October 2022

Background

The economic costs of mental disorders for society are huge. Internet-based interventions are often coined as cost-effective alternatives to usual care, but the evidence is mixed.

Objective

The aim was to review the literature on the cost-effectiveness of internet interventions for mental disorders compared with usual care and to provide an estimate of the monetary benefits of such interventions compared with usual care.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted, which included participants with symptoms of mental disorders; investigated a telephone- or internet-based intervention; included a control condition in the form of treatment as usual, psychological placebo, waiting list control, or bibliotherapy; reported outcomes on both quality of life and costs; and included articles published in English. Electronic databases such as PubMed (including MEDLINE), Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were used. Data on risk of bias, quality of the economic evaluation, quality-adjusted life years, and costs were extracted from the included studies, and the incremental net benefit was calculated and pooled.

Results

The search yielded 6226 abstracts, and 37 studies with 14,946 participants were included. The quality of economic evaluations of the included studies was rated as moderate, and the risk of bias was high. A random-effects approach was maintained. Analyses suggested internet interventions were slightly more effective than usual care in terms of quality-adjusted life years gain (Hedges g=0.052, 95% CI 0.010-0.094; P=.02) and equally expensive (Hedges g=0.002, 95% CI −0.080 to 0.84; P=.96). The pooled incremental net benefit was US $255 (95% CI US $91 to US $419; P=.002), favoring internet interventions over usual care. The perspective of the economic evaluation and targeted mental disorder moderated the results.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that the cost-effectiveness of internet interventions for mental disorders compared with a care-as-usual approach is likely, but generalizability to new studies is poor given the substantial heterogeneity. This is the first study in the field of mental health to pool cost-effectiveness outcomes in an aggregate data meta-analysis.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42019141659; https://tinyurl.com/3cu99b34
Young People’s Trust in Cocreated Web-Based Resources to Promote Mental Health Literacy: Focus Group Study
Authors: Ito-Jaeger Sachiyo , Perez Vallejos Elvira , Logathasan Saruka , Curran Thomas , Crawford Paul
Published: October 2022

Background

There is a pressing need to create resources to promote mental health literacy among young people. Digital media is one of the methods that can be used to successfully promote mental health literacy. Although digital mental health resources are generally favorably perceived by young people, one of the essential factors in whether they choose to use these interventions is trust.

Objective

The objective of this study was to explore young people’s trust-related concerns about and recommendations for the cocreated mental health website “What’s Up With Everyone” by using TrustScapes. Our aim was to use the findings to improve the trustworthiness of the website and to inform future creators of web-based mental health resources.

Methods

In total, 30 young people (mean age 19, SD 1.509; range 17-21 years) participated in TrustScapes focus groups. Thematic analysis was carried out to analyze both the TrustScapes worksheets and audio transcripts.

Results

Qualitative analysis revealed that the mental health website contains elements perceived to be both trustworthy and untrustworthy by young people. The relatable and high-quality design, which was achieved by cocreating the website with a team of design professionals and young people, was considered to increase trust. Creators’ credibility also positively affected trust, but the logos and other information about the creators were recommended to be more salient for users. Suggestions were made to update the privacy policy and cookie settings and include communication functions on the platform to improve the trustworthiness of the website.

Conclusions

Factors perceived to be trustworthy included the website's relatable, high-quality design and creators’ credibility, whereas those perceived to be untrustworthy included the privacy policy and cookie settings. The findings highlighted the significance of collaborating with end users and industrial partners and the importance of making the trust-enabling factors salient for users. We hope that these findings will inform future creators of web-based mental health resources to make these resources as trustworthy and effective as possible.
Outcomes With a Mobile Digital Health Platform for Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Venkatraman Vishal , Kirsch Elayna P , Luo Emily , Kunte Sameer , Ponder Madison , Gellad Ziad F , Liu Beiyu , Lee Hui-Jie , Jung Sin-Ho , Haglund Michael M , Lad Shivanand P
Published: October 2022

Background

Digital health solutions have been shown to enhance outcomes for individuals with chronic medical illnesses, but few have been validated for surgical patients. The digital health platform ManageMySurgery (MMS) has been validated for spine surgery as a feasible method for patients along their surgical journey through in-app education and completion of patient-reported outcomes surveys.

Objective

The aim of this study is to determine the rates of 90-day emergency room (ER) visits, readmissions, and complications in patients undergoing spine surgery using MMS compared to patients using traditional perioperative care alone.

Methods

Patients undergoing spine surgery at a US-based academic hospital were invited to use MMS perioperatively between December 2017 and September 2021. All patients received standard perioperative care and were classified as MMS users if they logged into the app. Demographic information and 90-day outcomes were acquired via electronic health record review. The odds ratios of having 90-day ER visits, readmissions, mild complications, and severe complications between the MMS and non-MMS groups were estimated using logistic regression models.

Results

A total of 1015 patients were invited, with 679 using MMS. MMS users and nonusers had similar demographics: the average ages were 57.9 (SD 12.5) years and 61.5 (SD 12.7) years, 54.1% (367/679) and 47.3% (159/336) were male, and 90.1% (612/679) and 88.7% (298/336) had commercial or Medicare insurance, respectively. Cervical fusions (559/1015, 55.07%) and single-approach lumbar fusions (231/1015, 22.76%) were the most common procedures for all patients. MMS users had a lower 90-day readmission rate (55/679, 8.1%) than did nonusers (30/336, 8.9%). Mild complications (MMS: 56/679, 8.3%; non-MMS: 32/336, 9.5%) and severe complications (MMS: 66/679, 9.7%; non-MMS: 43/336, 12.8%) were also lower in MMS users. MMS users had a lower 90-day ER visit rate (MMS: 62/679, 9.1%; non-MMS: 45/336, 13.4%). After adjustments were made for age and sex, the odds of having 90-day ER visits for MMS users were 32% lower than those for nonusers, but this difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio 0.68, 95% CI 0.45-1.02; P=.06).

Conclusions

This is one of the first studies to show differences in acute outcomes for people undergoing spine surgery who use a digital health app. This study found a correlation between MMS use and fewer postsurgical ER visits in a large group of spine surgery patients. A planned randomized controlled trial will provide additional evidence of whether this digital health tool can be used as an intervention to improve patient outcomes.
A Voice App Design for Heart Failure Self-management: Proof-of-Concept Implementation Study
Authors: Barbaric Antonia , Munteanu Cosmin , Ross Heather , Cafazzo Joseph A
Published: October 2022

Background

Voice user interfaces are becoming more prevalent in health care and are commonly being used for patient engagement. There is a growing interest in identifying the potential this form of interface has on patient engagement with digital therapeutics (DTx) in chronic disease management. Making DTx accessible through an alternative interaction model also has the potential to better meet the needs of some patients, such as older adults and those with physical and cognitive impairments, based on existing research.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate how participants with heart failure interacted with a voice app version of a DTx, Medly, through a proof-of-concept implementation study design. The objective was to understand whether the voice app would enable the participants to successfully interact with the DTx, with a focus on acceptability and feasibility.

Methods

A mixed methods concurrent triangulation design was used to better understand the acceptability and feasibility of the use of the Medly voice app with the study participants (N=20) over a 4-week period. Quantitative data included engagement levels, accuracy rates, and questionnaires, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data included semistructured interviews and were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach.

Results

The overall average engagement level was 73% (SD 9.5%), with a 14% decline between results of weeks 1 and 4. The biggest difference was between the average engagement levels of the oldest and youngest demographics, 84% and 43%, respectively, but these results were not significant—Kruskal-Wallis test, H(2)=3.8 (P=.14). The Medly voice app had an overall accuracy rate of 97.8% and was successful in sending data to the clinic. From an acceptability perspective, the voice app was ranked in the 80th percentile, and overall, the users felt that the voice app was not a lot of work (average of 2.1 on a 7-point Likert scale). However, the overall average score for whether users would use it in the future declined by 13%. Thematic analysis revealed the following: the theme feasibility of clinical integration had 2 subthemes, namely users adapted to the voice app’s conversational style and device unreliability, and the theme voice app acceptability had 3 subthemes, namely the device integrated well within household and users’ lives, users blamed themselves when problems arose with the voice app, and voice app was missing specific, desirable user features.

Conclusions

In conclusion, participants were largely successful in using the Medly voice app despite some of the barriers faced, proving that an app such as this could be feasible to be deployed in the clinic. Our data begin to piece together the patient profile this technology may be most suitable for, namely those who are older, have flexible schedules, are confident in using technology, and are experiencing other medical conditions.
Risk and Protective Profile of Men Who Have Sex With Men Using Mobile Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing: Latent Class Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Chiou Piao-Yi , Tsao Wei-Wen , Lin Kuan-Chia , Fang Yuan-Yuan , Lin Kuan-Yin , Li Chia-Lin
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Mobile voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for HIV has been carried out to improve the targeting of at-risk populations and HIV case detection for men who have sex with men (MSM). However, the HIV-positive detection rate using this screening strategy has declined in recent years. This may imply unknown changes in risk-taking and protective features jointly influencing the testing results. These changing patterns in this key population remain unexplored.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to identify the nuanced group classification of MSM who underwent mobile VCT using latent class analysis (LCA), and to compare the difference in characteristics and testing results between subgroups.

METHODS

A cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling were applied between May 21, 2019, and December 31, 2019. Participants were recruited by a well-trained research assistant through social networking platforms, including the most popular instant messenger app Line, geosocial network apps dedicated to MSM, and online communities. Mobile VCT was provided to participants at an assigned time and place. Demographic characteristics and risk-taking and protective features of the MSM were collected via online questionnaires. LCA was used to identify discrete subgroups based on four risk-taking indicators—multiple sexual partners (MSP), unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), recreational drug use within the past 3 months, and history of sexually transmitted diseases—and three protective indicators—experience of postexposure prophylaxis, preexposure prophylaxis use, and regular HIV testing.

RESULTS

Overall, 1018 participants (mean age 30.17, SD 7.29 years) were included. A three-class model provided the best fit. Classes 1, 2, and 3 corresponded to the highest risk (n=175, 17.19%), highest protection (n=121, 11.89%), and low risk and low protection (n=722, 70.92%), respectively. Compared to those of class 3, class 1 participants were more likely to have MSP and UAI within the past 3 months, to be ≥40 years of age (odds ratio [OR] 2.197, 95% CI 1.357-3.558; P=.001), to have HIV-positive results (OR 6.47, 95% CI 2.272-18.482; P<.001), and a CD4 count ≤349/μL (OR 17.50, 95% CI 1.223-250.357; P=.04). Class 2 participants were more likely to adopt biomedical preventions and have marital experience (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.033-6.277; P=.04).

CONCLUSIONS

LCA helped derive a classification of risk-taking and protection subgroups among MSM who underwent mobile VCT. These results may inform policies for simplifying the prescreening assessment and more precisely recognizing those who have higher probabilities of risk-taking features but remain undiagnosed targets, including MSM engaging in MSP and UAI within the past 3 months and those ≥40 years old. These results could be applied to tailor HIV prevention and testing programs.
Linking Activity Theory Within User-Centered Design: Novel Framework to Inform Design and Evaluation of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems in Pharmacy (Preprint)
Authors: Fossouo Tagne Joel , Yakob Reginald Amin , Mcdonald Rachael , Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) may cause serious injuries including death. Timely reporting of ADRs may play a significant role in patient safety; however, underreporting exists. Enhancing the electronic communication of ADR information to regulators and between health care providers has the potential to reduce recurrent ADRs and improve patient safety.

OBJECTIVE

The main objectives were to explore the low rate of ADR reporting by community pharmacists (CPs) in Australia, evaluate the usability of an existing reporting system, and how this knowledge may influence the design of subsequent electronic ADR reporting systems.

METHODS

The study was carried out in 2 stages. Stage 1 involved qualitative semistructured interviews to identify CPs’ perceived barriers and facilitators to ADR reporting. Data were analyzed by thematic analysis, and identified themes were subsequently aligned to the task-technology fit (TTF) framework. The second stage involved a usability evaluation of a commercial web-based ADR reporting system. A structured interview protocol that combined virtual observation, think-aloud moderating techniques, retrospective questioning of the overall user experience, and a System Usability Scale (SUS). The field notes from the interviews were subjected to thematic analysis.

RESULTS

In total, 12 CPs were interviewed in stage 1, and 7 CPs participated in stage 2. The interview findings show that CPs are willing to report ADRs but face barriers from environmental, organizational, and IT infrastructures. Increasing ADR awareness, improving workplace practices, and implementing user-focused electronic reporting systems were seen as facilitators of ADR reporting. User testing of an existing system resulted in above average usability (SUS 68.57); however, functional and user interpretation issues were identified. Design elements such as a drop-down menu, free-text entry, checkbox, and prefilled data fields were perceived to be extremely useful for navigating the system and facilitating ADR reporting.

CONCLUSIONS

Existing reporting systems are not suited to report ADRs, or adapted to workflow, and are rarely used by CPs. Our study uncovered important contextual information for the design of future ADR reporting interventions. Based on our study, a multifaceted, theory-guided, user-centered, and best practice approach to design, implementation, and evaluation may be critical for the successful adoption of ADR reporting electronic interventions and patient safety. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of theory-driven frameworks used in the design and implementation of ADR reporting systems.
Predisposing Factors of Nosocomial Infections in Hospitalized Patients in the United Kingdom: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Isigi Sharon Shivuli , Parsa Ali Davod , Alasqah Ibrahim , Mahmud Ilias , Kabir Russell
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Nosocomial infections are infections incubating or not present at the time of admission to a hospital and manifest 48 hours after hospital admission. The specific factors contributing to the risk of infection during hospitalization remain unclear, particularly for the hospitalized population of the United Kingdom.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this systematic literature review was to explore the risk factors of nosocomial infections in hospitalized adult patients in the United Kingdom.

METHODS

A comprehensive keyword search was conducted through the PubMed, Medline, and EBSCO CINAHL Plus databases. The keywords included “risk factors” or “contributing factors” or “predisposing factors” or “cause” or “vulnerability factors” and “nosocomial infections” or “hospital-acquired infections” and “hospitalized patients” or “inpatients” or “patients” or “hospitalized.” Additional articles were obtained through reference harvesting of selected articles. The search was limited to the United Kingdom with papers written in English, without limiting for age and gender to minimize bias. The above process retrieved 377 articles, which were further screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The retained 9 studies were subjected to critical appraisal using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (cohort and case-control studies) and Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (cross-sectional studies) checklists. Finally, 6 eligible publications were identified and used to collect the study findings. A thematic analysis technique was used to analyze data extracted on risk factors of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients in the United Kingdom.

RESULTS

The risk factors for nosocomial infections that emerged from the reviewed studies included older age, intrahospital transfers, cross-infection, longer hospital stay, readmissions, prior colonization with opportunistic organisms, comorbidities, and prior intake of antibiotics and urinary catheters. Nosocomial infections were associated with more extended hospital stays, presenting with increased morbidity and mortality. Measures for controlling nosocomial infections included the use of single-patient rooms, well-equipped wards, prior screening of staff and patients, adequate sick leave for staff, improved swallowing techniques and nutritional intake for patients, improved oral hygiene, avoiding unnecessary indwelling plastics, use of suprapubic catheters, aseptic techniques during patient care, and prophylactic use.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a need for further studies to aid in implementing nosocomial infection prevention and control.
A Qualitative Content Analysis of Comments on Press Articles on Deemed Consent for Organ Donation in Canada
Authors: Fox Danielle E. , Donald Maoliosa , Chong Christy , Quinn Robert R. , Ronksley Paul E. , Elliott Meghan J. , Lam Ngan N.
Published: October 2022

Background and objectives

In 2019, two Canadian provinces became the first jurisdictions in North America to pass deemed consent legislation to increase deceased organ donation and transplantation rates. We sought to explore the perspectives of the deemed consent legislation for organ donation in Canada from the viewpoint of individuals commenting on press articles.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In this qualitative descriptive study, we extracted public comments regarding deemed consent from online articles published by four major Canadian news outlets between January 2019 and July 2020. A total of 4357 comments were extracted from 35 eligible news articles. Comments were independently analyzed by two research team members using a conventional content analysis approach.

Results

Commenters’ perceptions of the deemed consent legislation for organ donation in Canada predominantly fit within three organizational groups: perceived positive implications of the bills, perceived negative implications of the bills, and key considerations. Three themes emerged within each group that summarized perspectives of the proposed legislation. Themes regarding the perceived positive implications of the bills included majority rules, societal effect, and prioritizing donation. Themes regarding the perceived negative implications of the bills were a right to choose, the potential for abuse and errors, and a possible slippery slope. Improving government transparency and communication, clarifying questions and addressing concerns, and providing evidence for the bills were identified as key considerations.

Conclusions

If deemed consent legislation is meant to increase organ donation and transplantation, addressing public concerns will be important to ensure successful implementation.
Water Purifications Methods in Ayurveda and Contemporary Methods
Authors: Tiwari Dr. Aruna , Kapoor Dr. Ritu , Jain Dr. Jayanti , Sankhla Dr. Jitendra
Published: October 2022

Abstract: Water is the essential source on the earth for living organism and plants. Water cover over 70% of the earth surface and is very important for the people as it is essential requirement of human life. It is an inorganic, tasteless, odourless and colourless substance but still half of world specially developing countries are far from the goal to full fill the daily pure water requirement of Lack of pure drinking water, sanitation and hygiene result in the loss of 0.4 million lives annually in India. According to WHO 80% of the diseases are water born and even can cause epidemics. As per WHO world water day report approximate 3.4 million people mostly children die from water related diseases. The chief water borne infection and diseases are bacterial, viral & parasitic diseases like typhoid, cholera, encephalitic, poliomyelitis, hepatitis, skin infection& GIT disorders through polluted water.
Term Frequency Based Approach for Binary Classi?cations on Short Sentences
Authors: Keshav Kaustubh
Published: October 2022

Abstract: Great strides have been taken in advancing the domain of Natural Language Processing(NLP) over the past few years. The introduction of attention mechanism in neural networks has led to the creation very complex and efficient architectures like the BERT and GPT. These architectures have been well established as the first choice for most problem statements but, there application in certain simpler use cases generally undermines their real potential. The use case I explore in this research paper is the Natural Language Processing with Disaster Tweets. This is a binary classification task for picking out tweets that refer to a disaster. In this research paper I report the performance of Term Frequency based algorithm without leveraging any vector embedding techniques. Since I am making use of an open source dataset from Kaggle, I have received a leaderboard score of 0.78. The scoring metric used for the leaderboard is the F1 metric and the best score stands at 0.85. The approach leverages the ability of a inverse document frequency(IDF) metric to readily eliminate "stop word" from a corpus and uses a modified term frequency metric to classify the sentences. The said term frequency metric has been designed in a way to eliminate any impact of stop words that might have escaped from the IDF filter. This paper presents the detailed description of all the algorithms and metrics utilized before coming to a final conclusion.
Strategic Uses of Poison in Ancient Times According to Ayurved
Authors: Tiwari Dr. Aruna , Kapoor Dr. Ritu , Adhalaka Dr. Manoj
Published: October 2022

Abstract: In both ancient Samhitas and contemporary texts, poisoning is thoroughly discussed. Collective use of poison for mass destruction has been going on since ancient times. In ancient times, food, water and atmosphere etc. were contaminated by using poison (Samrika Vish Prayog) etc. to win over the enemy. At present, the form of this poison has taken the form of various types of chemical weapons and nuclear weapons, which, if used, leads to mass destruction of the enemy army in a very short time. A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) It is a nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological or other weapon that can kill and bring significant harm to a large number of humans or cause great damage. For personal gain throughout ancient times, the Visha was blended with food, beverages, and cosmetics. Chemical weapons are chemical agents, whether gaseous, liquid, or solid, those are employed because of their direct Toxic effects on humans, animals, and plants. They inflict damage when inhaled, absorbed through the skin, or ingested in food or drink. Chemical agents become weapons when they are placed into artillery shells, land mines, aerial bombs, missile warheads, mortar shells, grenades, spray tanks, or any other means of delivering the agents to designated targets.
From the Classroom to the Newsroom: A Critical Route to Introduce AI in Journalism Education
Authors: Salgado L.
Published: October 2022

From a computer vision application to monitor elections transparency in Argentina to automated real-state texts in Norway, and everything in between, Artificial Intelligence-powered tools are changing journalism. Scholars have taken note, and the academic production of AI in journalism has gained considerable ground in the last five years. However, research on how journalism education deals with AI influence in the industry is scarce. Based on a self-training method using available online free courses for journalists and a review of university teaching initiatives, this article proposes key elements to trace teaching trajectories to introduce AI into journalism curriculum. Included are recommendations for drawing a path to teaching journalism students to think critically about AI and, at the same time, to understand the available tools for reporting and investigating in a complex context where journalism lives in a profound state of crisis.
A forma urbana patrimonialista: limites da ação estatal na produção do espaço urbano no Brasil
Authors: Ferreira João Sette Whitaker
Published: October 2022

As políticas públicas urbanas no Brasil se apoiam em uma crença exagerada quanto ao potencial transformador do aparato estatal e do planejamento urbano. Isso porque o modelo de Estado que se utiliza é aquele que se estrutura no contexto das economias reguladas do Estado do bem-estar social, no qual a produção do espaço urbano é decorrente da ação de um Estado forte. O problema é que esse modelo não corresponde à sociabilidade brasileira nem à nossa forma urbana. É necessário elaborar uma teoria do Estado no urbano que seja capaz de abarcar as especificidades da nossa sociedade patrimonialista. Usando a teoria da derivação do Estado, depreendemos que a forma urbana deriva dessa sociabilidade específica, definindo um processo que não é o da produção social do espaço, mas sim da produção patrimonialista do espaço – um padrão de dominação por meio do espaço que sustenta a sociedade de elite.
EAPZVT. CHANGES OF HEAT CONDITIONS IN CLOSED CIRCUITS OF VOLUMETRIC HYDRAULIC DRIVES
Authors:   National Research Mordovia State University N.P. Ogareva, PYANZOV SERGEY , IONOV PAVEL , ZEMSKOV ALEKSANDR
Published: October 2022

The temperature of the working fluid has a significant impact on the diagnostic parameters of volumetric hydraulic drives. Reliable control of the technical condition of volumetric hydraulic drives is possible if the temperature of the working fluid is in the standard range. It is necessary to study the processes and causes affecting the temperature change of the working fluid during the testing of volumetric hydraulic drives. (Research purpose) The research purpose is determining through the experiment the amount of thermal energy released during bench tests of new and used domestic and foreign volumetric hydraulic drives. (Materials and methods) For the research, it was used scientific and technical literature, data from domestic and foreign manufacturers of volumetric hydraulic drives, publications and dissertation research for the 2015-2021. (Results and discussion) The rate of increase in the temperature of the working fluid during testing of new volumetric hydraulic drives depends on the pressure in the injection lines and the rotation speed of the hydraulic pump. For used volumetric hydraulic drives, it also depends on the volumetric efficiency. The article presents the calculation of amount of thermal energy released by new and used volumetric hydraulic drives. (Conclusions) In the course of experimental studies, the amount of thermal energy released during bench tests of new and used domestic and foreign volumetric hydraulic drives was determined. The Sauer-Danfoss, GST-112, and Eaton volumetric hydraulic drives that were in operation emit 1.43, 1.6, and 1.61 times more thermal energy than the new ones, respectively. The maximum values of thermal energy released by volumetric hydraulic drives that were in operation, for Sauer-Danfoss is 27491.23, for GST-112 is 12115.53, for Eaton is 10594.72 watts.
GWWCJH. APPLYING SERPENTINE-BASED FRICTION GEOMODIFIERS USING THE COMPRESSION-VACUUM METHOD ON THE EXAMPLE OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, CHECHET VIKTOR A. , DEMYANENKO SEMEN , ISKAR IGOR ,   LLC "Yufers engineering"
Published: October 2022

During the operation of transport and technological machines, many interfaces are subject to wear, in particular, the cylinder-piston group of internal combustion engines. To restore them, different types of repairs are used, one of which is the use of a mixture of geoactivators to obtain modified metals and metal-ceramic surfaces. This method not only restores friction pairs, but also increases their service life. (Research purpose) The research purpose is evaluating the quality of applying of serpentine-based friction geomodifiers on the example of internal combustion engines using the compression-vacuum method. (Materials and methods) One of the ways to restore fast-wearing friction surfaces is a technology based on a repair and restoration composition. To compare the initial state of the interface and after its restoration, it is necessary to use a simple, but at the same time effective method. The compression-vacuum method was considered as such a method. It allows the most accurate assessment of the quality of applying of serpentine-based friction geomodifiers in internal combustion engines. (Results and discussion) During the twenty-year period of using the compression-vacuum method on the basis of the AGC-2 and AGC-3 devices, it was possible to collect large statistics on the practical application of the presented equipment for gasoline engines and diesels in the conditions of service stations, car service stations and repair shops. (Conclusions) The compression-vacuum method as a tool for evaluating the effectiveness of the friction geomodifiers under consideration has shown that for assessing the state of the cylinder-piston group, this method serves as almost the only differential method that allows the most complete assessment of the effect of the technology.
A METHOD FOR CALCULATING RADIANT HEAT TRANSFER IN INSTALLATIONS WITH AXIAL CYLINDRICAL SURFACES
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, KUZMICHEV ALEKSEY , TIKHOMIROV DMITRIY , KHIMENKO ALEKSEY
Published: October 2022

Heat exchangers for heating liquid media are used in agricultural, food and other industries. Infrared heating appears to be the most effective and energy-efficient way of thermo-processing of agricultural products. When exposed to infrared radiation, energy transfers directly from the radiation source to the liquid in the absence of contact between them. The density of the heat flux on the surface of the material is significantly higher than with convective and conductive heating. Infrared radiation penetrates into material, which eliminates local overheating and undesirable structural changes of the surface layer (decomposition and burning of the liquid). It is appropriate to carry heating of the product in a thin layer by infrared irradiation, when the entire portion of the liquid is processed. Devices with thin-layer fluid flow can be made according to various schemes depending on the location of the energy source and its shape. Most installations have a similar geometric design: two axial cylinders, one of which is an emitter and the other is a heated liquid product. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing an engineering method for calculating thermal and geometric parameters of installations for the treatment of a thin layer of liquids by infrared irradiation with axial cylindrical surfaces. (Materials and methods) The article presents the process of radiation heat exchange between the radiator and the liquid flow in a thin layer along the inner surface. (Results and discussion) An equation describes the physical characteristics of the system: the performance, the radiator surface temperature, the initial temperature of the liquid product, the optical characteristics of the radiator and the treated liquid, the liquid heating temperature at the output and the geometric parameters of the installation with axial cylindrical surfaces. (Conclusions) The presented engineering calculation methods reflect the maximum possible conditions of radiant exchange in heat exchange units of this type for heat treatment of agricultural products. The theoretical error of the calculated energy and structural parameters of the designed installation when using the considered methods does not exceed 10 percent.
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE SPECTRAL RANGE OF PHOTOLUMINESCENT POTATO SOLANIZATION CONTRO
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, BELYAKOV MIKHAIL
Published: October 2022

Potato processing is carried out at large automated enterprises, and the industry requires more automated equipment for quality assessment and sorting. There are many ways to increase potato yields, the most effective is planting tubers in the light. However, eating green potatoes can have a detrimental effect on the human body, since solanine is toxic. Therefore, the control of the potato solanization is relevant. (Research purpose) The research purpose is studying the optical luminescent properties of potato tubers in the solanization process and justifying the spectral ranges for creating a system of its control. (Materials and methods) The spectral characteristics of potato tubers were measured using a diffraction spectrofluorimeter. (Results and discussion) The excitation of potato tubers by radiation occurs in the ranges of 310-570 and 590-690 nanometers, the excitation maxima are approximately at wavelengths of 378, 425, 486, 528, 614 and 662 nanometers. Radiation shorter than 310 nanometers and longer than 690 nanometers does not excite luminescence. For the short-wave excitation range, a clear decrease in the integral absorption capacity H is observed during solanization, while the highest value of H is observed for the ranges of 310-404 and 404-474 nanometers. For long-wavelength ranges, the dependence of H(t) has a maximum at the 13th day of observation. The most optimal use of the ratio H404-474/H590-640, which has the highest ratio R2 = 0.89 with polynomial approximation. (Conclusions) The use of spectral ranges 404-474 and 590-640 nanometers is the most optimal for photoluminescent monitoring of the solanization. These results can be used as the basis for the methodology and digital device for monitoring the solanization of potato tubers.
THE AUTOMATED TECHNICAL MEANS IN SOWING EQUIPMENT FOR BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, TEKUSHEV ARSEN , CHAPLYGIN MIKHAIL , CHULKOV ANDREY , SHAYKHOV MARSEL'
Published: October 2022

Means of automation of sowing machines - a set of special electronic technical means designed to ensure high productivity, improve the quality and reliability of the sowing process. (Research purpose) To review and analyze the designs and technical characteristics of automated selection planters for sowing grain and other crops in experimental plots. (Materials and methods) Presented a number of automated technical means for sowing various crops for breeding and primary seed production. We analyzed various design solutions and noted the most rational structural elements of the machines used. (Results and discussion) Prepared an overview of selective seeders equipped with various automation and process control systems. (Conclusions) In the near future development of the domestic agricultural machinery industry, intensive introduction of automated control and monitoring systems for technological processes, hybrid and battery electric drives, including in selective sowing equipment, should be observed. An analysis of the designs of the presented samples of selective seeders showed important directions for improving their technical level and improving machine technologies for selective sowing of crops.
USING A CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK TO DETERMINE THE TEAT LIMITS OF A COW’S UDDER
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, YUROCHKA SERGEY , KHAKIMOV ARTEM , PAVKIN DMITRIY , DOVLATOV IGOR' , VLADIMIROV FEDOR
Published: October 2022

In dairy farming, there is an active use of systems for the accurate recognizing of cow’s teats, which is necessary for robotic milking. Object detection consists both in assessing the exact position of the object (localization of the object) and in determining the category to which it belongs (classification of the object). (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a method for searching for clusters of points to determine the limits of the teat in three-dimensional maps obtained with a 3D ToF camera. (Materials and methods) An IFM O3D303 camera with a resolution of 352 × 264 pixels was used. Authors have developed a structure for analyzing static and dynamic scenes, the model consists of five blocks of convolutional layers, three fully connected layers of neurons and a classifier layer. The first two blocks contain two layers, the other three blocks contain three convolution layers. (Results and discussion) The software highlights the detected teats in color. The method is considered suitable if at 10 repetitions of the experiment the limits of four teats are recognized and there are no artifacts, the experiment can be considered successful, the permissible error of the experiment is no more than 10 percent. During the search for limits of teats, the algorithm repeatedly searches for points in the bounding cylinder of the refined cluster of points. (Conclusions) A method for searching for clusters of points to identify teats limits in three-dimensional maps processing data from a 3D ToF camera using a neural network with «anchor rectangles». Data from 36 animals and 6000 images were collected for training the neural network, field experiments confirmed the accuracy of the neural network in 90 percent. The proposed method allows determining length X, diameter Y and inclination angle Z of the teat in automatic mode.
ELABORATION OF THE STAFF OF THE PALACE COMMANDANT'S OFFICE IN 1905
Authors:   Academy of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, GREBENKIN A.N.
Published: October 2022

A meaningful analysis of the process of preparing and discussing the staff of the Palace Commandant's Office at the end of 1905 is presented. The relevance of the study due to the need for a comprehensive description of the development of the management system of state security units is explicitly proved. The possibility of using its results in the study of bureaucratic structures on a nationwide scale is stressed. The work is based on unpublished materials from the funds of the Russian State Histori-cal Archive. The author notes that the need to develop the staff of the Palace Commandant's Office was due to including the staff of the Imperial Gard in the number of institutions subordinate to the Ministry of the Imperial Court. Much attention is given to the fact that joining the staff of the Palace Commandant's Office and the Ministry of the Imperial Court was a stumbling block. It should be noted that the development of the Imperial Gard as a separate bureaucratic institution was the main reason of that for a long time. The high official status and privileges of many em-ployees did not correspond to the position of persons who held similar positions in institutions subordinate to the Ministry of the Imperial Court. Furthermore, the approval process, inevitably associated with a reduc-tion in formal status and salary cuts, is revealed. The author draws conclusions that the dedication of the majority of employees of the Palace Commandant's Office prevented the outflow of qualified personnel and the weakening of the management system of the imperial guard.
NATIONAL POLICY IN SOVIET RUSSIA IN THE 20-30S OF THE XX CENTURY AND ITS ASSESSMENT BY POLITICAL FIGURES OF RUSSIAN EMIGRATION
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, ANTONENKO N.V. , SAVOSKIN A.V. ,   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA
Published: October 2022

The article examines the historical experience of national policy in Soviet Russia in the projection of its alternatives put forward by the opponents of the Soviet government who emigrated abroad. A mention should be made that the Soviet leadership developed he approaches to solve the national question and adjusted them according to the rapidly changing political circumstances. The study investigates the emigrants’ ideas about the theory of the national question. Finally, the central point is that despite the different vision of the prospects for the development of Russia, Bolsheviks realized many of emigrants’ ideas (in a modified form) in their national policy over time.
THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN FEDERALISM IN THE MODERN PERIOD
Authors:   Orel Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named after Lukyanov V.V., ALEKSEEVA L.A. , TIKHONOVICH M.I. ,   Orel Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named after Lukyanov V.V.
Published: October 2022

This article aims to consider the history of the theory and practice of federalism. In this context, the process of development ofthe ideas of building federal states in Europe and North America in the Modern period is presented. The authors analyse the practice of the territorial structure of the states of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Much attention is given to the development of European and American political and legal thought of the Modern period.As a result, itsummarizes the normative consolidationof the principles of federalism. Special features of the formation and development of federal states are not-ed.
THE PROBLEM OF THE HISTORICAL CONTINUITY OF ALL-UNION LENINIST YOUNG COMMUNIST LEAGUE AND YOUTH PARLIAMENTARISM IN RUSSIA IN THE LAST QUARTER OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors:   Orel Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named after Lukyanov V.V., ZASLONKINA O.V.
Published: October 2022

The articledeals with the historical experience of the development of Russian youth parliamentarism. The author examines the possibility of continuity of organization and functions between the consultative and advisory bodies of young parliamentarians of post-Soviet Russia and the institutions of All-Union Leninist Young Communist Leaguein 1918-1991. It is formulated that the fundamental differences between the activities of All-Union Leninist Young Communist Leagueand the youth parliamentarism of recent Russian history. It argues for the idea that they consist in a mismatch of ideological attitudes, organizational structure and functional purpose of the subjects under consideration. At the same time, a certain historical continuity of post-Soviet youth parliamentarism in relation to All-Union Leninist Young Communist League of the USSR is stressed. In conclusion muchattention is drawn to the same legal format of activity as public organizations, as well as in the tasks of forming a personnel reserve to replenish the ranks of political elites and the adminis-trative apparatus of the state.
ACTIVITIES OF THE «AVIATION» DEPARTMENT OF THE PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE ALL-UNION COMMUNIST PARTY OF BOLSHEVIKS TO IMPROVE THE COMBAT CAPABILITY OF THE RED ARMY AIR FORCES DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors:   Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, TARASOV S.A.
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the tasks, facing the Personnel Department of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks during the Great Patriotic War to increase the combat effectiveness of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union, and ways of it resolution. The main attention is paid to the activities of the «aviation» agency of this Department, created at the beginning of the war to inform the political leadership of the country in a timely manner about all the significant difficulties in providing, training and applying the red army Air force. Finally it is emphasised that the work of this Department at the specified time contributed to improving the quality of Soviet aviation management, optimizing its organizational structure, and increasing the effec-tiveness of combat applications.