bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between peptic ulcer disease and physical activity in Wuwei cohort of northwest China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Li BoWen , Zheng Ya , Peng KaiPeng , Guo QingHong , Ji Rui , Chen ZhaoFeng , Wang YuPing , Ren Qian , Zhou YongNing
Published: January 2024

Although the incidence of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is gradually decreasing, it is still a common upper gastrointestinal disease worldwide. The relationship between PUD and physical activities was evaluated in Wuwei cohort. Ultimately 4612 patients were included. The status of PUD was confirmed by gastroscopy and the metabolic equivalents of task (MET) scores were evaluated through questionnaires. In addition to the overall analysis, stratified regression analysis was performed based on body measurement indice and age. Female participants in moderate level group had a lower prevalence of gastric ulcer (GU) (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.93). After further adjusting, the same conclusion could still be reached (model 2 OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.99). In stratified analysis based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), moderate physical activity was associated with a reduction in the risk of GU among females. In stratified analysis by age, participants with age < 60 in moderate and high level groups had a lower risk of GU. The prevalence of gastric ulcer in female participants with moderate physical activity was lower. In addition, females under 60 in the high level group had a lower risk of PUD.
Combining data mining and image processing techniques to establish abnormal image prediction mode to increase radiologists' reports quality — use liver cancer patients as an example
Authors: Zhao Hongbo , Lee Chie-Shuan , Yang Zhuochang , Xu Hai-Bing , Hu Ya-Han , Tsai Sung-Yi , Chen Jiangang
Published: January 2024

Research shows that the excessive image interpretation can lead to errors in radiologists’ interpretations. Therefore, if a decision-making system can be introduced to assist radiologists in generating image reports and accurately identifying lesions holds significant importance. This study utilizes Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of the liver as research materials, and employs machine learning technology to discern tumor presence within the images. The aim is to develop a prediction model to assist in the interpretation of tumor images. A total of 571 patients' liver MRI images were collected. Initially, three sets of sequence images were subjected to pre-processing and feature extraction. Subsequently, the extracted image feature data was applied to support vector machine classification technology, utilizing five classifiers and reference standards to assess the effectiveness of the prediction model. Ultimately, a robust prediction model for tumor image was constructed. The results demonstrated that the highest accuracy (0.685) was achieved by the prediction model for T2 images, indicating a significantly elevated prediction rate for these images. In addition, the F value of T1 + C image was found to be the highest among the three groups of images (0.685), suggesting that the use of contrast medium during MRI exaction is crucial for enhancing diagnostic accuracy in liver cancer detection.
Therapeutic targets of gastric cancer explored under endogenous network modeling of clinical data
Authors: Zhang Xile , CHEN Yong-Cong , Yao Mengchao , Xiong Ruiqi , Liu Bingya , Zhu Xiaomei , Ao Ping
Published: January 2024

Improvement in the survival rate of gastric cancer, a prevalent global malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality calls for more avenues in molecular therapy. This work aims to comprehend drug resistance and exploration of multiple-drug combinations for enhanced therapeutic treatment. An endogenous network modeling clinic data with core gastric cancer molecules, functional modules and pathways is constructed, which is then transformed into dynamics equations for in-silicon studies. Principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, and K-means clustering are utilized to map the attractor domains of the stochastic model to the normal and pathological phenotypes identified from the clinical data. The analyses demonstrate gastric cancer as a cluster of stable states emerging within the stochastic dynamics and elucidate the cause of resistance to anti-VEGF monotherapy in cancer treatment as the limitation of single pathway in preventing the cancer progression. The feasibility of multiple objectives of therapy targeting specified molecules and/or pathways is explored. This study verifies the rationality of the platform of endogenous network modeling, which contributes to the development of cross-functional multi-target combinations in clinical trials.
PINN-TI: Physical Information embedded in Neural Networks for solving ordinary differential equations with Time-varying Inputs
Authors: Zhao Xiaotong , du jingli , Shi YeTong , Zhao Kunpeng
Published: January 2024

Modeling and predicting the dynamics of multiphysics and multiscale systems with hidden physics methods is often costly, requiring different formulations and complex computer codes. There has been significant progress in solving differential equations using physical information embedded in neural networks, but solving and generalizing for differential equations with time-varying inputs is still an open problem. In this paper, we design a PINN-TI network structure and a Step-by-Step Forward (SSF) algorithm. It enables the network to predict the results of ordinary differential equations under different initial values or boundary conditions and different time-varying inputs (including segmented functions) after one training. Our approach can extend the time domain of the solution to a larger range. We validated our model using a variant of Vander Pol’s equation, which contains one or two external inputs. The results show that our network can handle the prediction and generalization problem of ordinary differential equations under time-varying inputs well. Our method provides a new solution for solving and generalizing differential equations under time-varying inputs.
Quantitative Proteomic Profiling Reveals Sexual Dimorphism in the Retina and RPE of C57BL6 mice.
Authors: Jang Geeng-Fu , Crabb John S. , Grenell Allison , Wolk Alyson , Campla Christie , Luo Shiming , Ali Mariya , Hu Bo , Willard Belinda , Anand-Apte Bela
Published: January 2024

Background
Sex as a biological variable is not a common consideration in molecular mechanistic or preclinical studies of retinal diseases. Understanding the sexual dimorphism of adult RPE and retina under physiological conditions is an important first step in improving our understanding of sex-based physio-pathological mechanisms.
Methods
Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were used for quantitative proteomics of male and female mouse retina and RPE (10 mice of each sex for each tissue type). Differentially expressed proteins were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).
Results
Differential expression analysis identified 38 differentially expressed proteins in the retina and 82 differentially expressed proteins in the RPE. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified the top canonical pathways differentially activated in the retina to be calcium transport I, nucleotide excision repair, fatty acid-b oxidation I and asparagine biosynthesis. In the RPE, the top canonical pathways were calcium signaling, dilated cardiomyopathy signaling, actin cytoskeletal signaling and RHOGDI signaling.
Conclusions
These results provide insights into sex differences in the retina and RPE proteome of mice and begin to shed clues into the sexual dimorphism seen in retinal diseases.
A Probabilistic Approach to Estimate the Temporal Order of Pathway Mutations Accounting for Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Wang Menghan , Xie Yanqi , Liu Jinpeng , Li Austin , Chen Li , Stromberg Arnold , Arnold Susanne M. , Wang Chi
Published: January 2024

The development of cancer involves the accumulation of somatic mutations in a number of key biological pathways. Delineating the order of pathway mutations during tumorigenesis is very important to understand biological mechanisms of cancer development and to inform new therapeutic targets. A number of statistical and computational methods have been proposed for estimating the order of somatic mutations based on mutation profile data from a cohort of patients. However, one major issue of current methods is that they do not account for intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH), which limits their abilities to accurately discern the order of pathway mutations. To address this problem, we propose PATOPAI, a probabilistic approach for estimating the temporal order of pathway mutations by incorporating ITH information as well as pathway and functional annotation information of mutations. PATOPAI uses a probabilistic method to characterize the likelihood of mutational events from different pathways occurring in a certain order, wherein it focuses on the orders that are consistent with the phylogenetic structures of the tumors. A maximum likelihood approach is used to estimate the parameters and infer the order of mutations at pathway level. Analyses of whole exome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) demonstrate that our method is able to accurately recover the temporal order of pathway mutations in several cancer types.
The danger of free-roaming dogs in peri urban settings: Two rabid dogs on rampage that bit 29 humans and 18 domestic animals in Wakiso and Luweero districts, Central Uganda
Authors: Tayebwa Dickson Stuart , Njalira Kassim Rashid , Eneku Wilfred , Ssekandi Colin , Kyabarongo Alex , Mutesasira Jesse , Komugisha Mariam , Atim Stella Acaye , Kateregga John , Muhangi Denis , Tweyongyere Robert , Biryomumaisho Savino , Acai James Okwee
Published: January 2024

Background
Uganda averages 14,000 dog bites annually, with 86% caused by free-roaming dogs. Unfortunately, there is limited documentation to inform interventions. Here, we documented circumstances of attacks from free-roaming dogs on rampage in Central Uganda to identify critical gaps in the detection, preparedness, and response of the community.
Methods
We conducted an exploratory case study to actively survey attacks from rampaging dogs in Kampala Metropolitan Area, Central Uganda between November 2022 - November 2023. We traced the dogs responsible to immobilise and rule out rabies. We interviewed the victims and community to determine the circumstances of the bites, the healthcare sought and sentiments towards free-roaming dogs. We followed-up after 40 days, to assess adherence to rabies post exposure prophylaxis and to document any challenges encountered.
Results
Of the 8 cases reported, only two cases that occurred in Matugga and Mawale parishes fulfilled our criteria for rampage while the rest were predation, an incidental bite and straying into someone’s residence. The two rampaging dogs’ bit 29 humans, mostly children (75.8%) and 18 domestic animals. Immobilisation in Matugga failed while the dog in Mawale was killed by the community in a mob. Due to limited knowledge, 93.1% of the victims did not wash the wound and go the medical facility as recommended by WHO. Instead, they sought healthcare from the traditional healer (58.6%), stayed home or applied herbs (20.7%). Parallel with our advice, those victims sought medical care however they encountered challenges not limited to lack of funds and poor services at public health facilities. After inflicting bites, the dogs responsible and other free-roaming dogs were killed by hitting them with sticks in a mob.
Conclusions
Overall, our findings demonstrate the impact that a lone free-roaming dog with rabies can have on a community. They also reveal how poverty, limited awareness, reliance on traditional healers, and barriers to medical care access impede health care received by dog bite victims in this setting. Implementing educational campaigns and responsible ownership of free-roaming dogs should help reduce dog bites and rabies in Central Uganda, as well as in other socioeconomically similar settings.
Numerical and Analytical Exploration of Memory Effects in Magneto-Photo-Thermoelasticity of Isotropic Semiconductors using the 3PH Lag Model
Authors: Jojare Kirti K. , Gaikwad Kishor R.
Published: January 2024

The objective of this article is to delve into the isotropic three-phase (3PH) lag magneto photo-thermoelastic (PTE) theory in semiconductor medium, with a special emphasis on its memory-dependent-derivative (MDD) characteristics. The equations for displacement, temperature distribution, carrier density, and stress components resulting from this theory are formulated using these characteristics and then transformed into a Fourier-Laplace vector matrix differential equation. This equation is solved using an eigenvalue approach, and the numerical solution is obtained by inverting Fourier and Laplace transforms. Graphical solutions based on the properties of silicon material are visualized using Mathematica software. The results demonstrate the excellence of MDD in this 3PH model by showing the effect of coupling between thermal, plasma, and elastic waves with the presence of time delay parameters and linear kernel function. Additionally, the presence of several kernel functions reveals significant differences in these magneto PTE quantities. This theory will aid in better characterizing materials, optimizing device design, and exploring non-linear and transient phenomena in greater detail. Ultimately, these advancements will push the boundaries of photo-thermal science and its practical applications.
Gut microbiota and risk for the diverticular disease of intestine
Authors: He Wenhui , Yu Youzhen , Luo Na , Xu Shangqing , Yang Wenwen , Li Fanfan , Zhu Hui , Jin Hongying , Zhang Yimei , Ma Xiaoli , Ma Minjie
Published: January 2024

Background
The relationship between gut microbes and diverticular disease is not fully understood.
Methods
We employed 211 gut microbes from the MiBioGen consortium as exposures. The data of diverticular disease from the FinnGen biobank were used as outcome. The weighted median and MR-Egger methods were utilized as a supplement to the inverse variance weighting method, which served as the main analysis method in this study. The MR-PRESSO method was employed to identify horizontal pleiotropy and probable outliers.
Results
Veillonellaceae family (OR = 0.813; p = 0.0000799), Lachnospiraceae_nc2004_group genus (OR = 0.896, p = 0.0419), Faecalibacterium genus (OR = 0.870; p = 0.0353), and Fusicatenibacter genus (OR = 0.863; p = 0.0394) decreased the risk of intestinal diverticular disease; Prevotellaceae family (OR = 1.134; p = 0.0455), Gordonibacter genus (OR = 1.091; p = 0.0298), Lachnospira genus (OR = 2.003; p = 0.0112), and Family_XIII_UCG_001 genus (OR = 1.188; p = 0.0359) increased the risk of intestinal diverticular disease.
Conclusion
This study proved that gut microbes were associated with intestinal diverticular disease.
Comparative structure and evolution of the organellar genomes of Padina usoehtunii (Dictyotales) with the brown algal crown radiation clade
Authors: Liu Yi-Jia , Zhang Tong-Yun , Wang Qi-Qi , Draisma Stefano G.A. , Hu Zi-Min
Published: January 2024

Background
Organellar genomes have become increasingly essential for studying genetic diversity, phylogenetics, and evolutionary histories of seaweeds. The order Dictyotales (Dictyotophycidae), an early-diverging and highly diverse lineage within the Phaeophyceae, is long-term characterized by a scarcity of organellar genome datasets compared to orders of the brown algal crown radiation (Fucophycidae).
Results
We sequenced the organellar genomes of Padina usoehtunii, a representative of the order Dictyotales, to investigate the structural and evolutionary differences by comparing to five other major brown algal orders. Our results confirmed that the rate of structural rearrangements in chloroplast genomes is higher than that in mitochondria, whereas mitochondrial sequences exhibited a higher substitution rate compared to chloroplasts. Such evolutionary patterns contrast with land plants and green algae. The expansion and contraction of the inverted repeat (IR) region in the chloroplast correlated with the changes in the number of boundary genes. Specifically, the size of the IR region influenced the position of the boundary gene rpl21, with complete rpl21 genes found within the IR region in Ectocarpales, while the rpl21 genes in Desmarestiales, Fucales, and Laminariales span both the IR and short single copy (SSC) regions. The absence of the RbcR and rpl32 genes in the Dictyotales may indicate a horizontal transfer from the chloroplast to the nuclear genome. Inversion of the SSC region occurred at least twice in brown algae. Once in a lineage only represented by the Ectocarpales in the present study and once in a lineage only represented by the Fucales. Photosystem genes in the chloroplasts experienced the strongest purifying selection, while ribosomal protein genes in both chloroplasts and mitochondria underwent a weak purifying selection.
Conclusions
Variations in chloroplast genome structure among different brown algal orders are evolutionarily linked to their phylogenetic positions in the Phaeophyceae tree. Structural variability to some extent is an inherent mechanism to create genetic diversity of brown algal taxa. Different functional gene categories in organelles exhibit varying degrees of structural variation and distinct patterns of sequence evolution, potentially giving rise to new genes adapted to various environmental pressures.
Exploring the effects of diluted plasma activated water (PAW) on various sprout crops and its role in autophagy regulation
Authors: Song Injung , Hong Suji , Na Yoon Ju , Jang Seo Yeon , Jung Ji Yeong , Lee Young Koung , Huh Sung Un
Published: January 2024

Background
Plasma-activated water (PAW) has been studied for a variety of applications, including agricultural, medical, beauty, and sterilization. This process typically involves exposing water to a plasma discharge, releasing highly reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), ions, and other active molecules. In agriculture, seed germination and sterilization are being emphasized for their utility.
Results
In this study, PAW1000, which was maximally exposed to plasma, was diluted and applied to hydroponic culture and pot soil cultivation for sprout crops that can be easily cultivated. As a result, diluted PAW contained a little bit nitrogen source and promoted various sprout crop growth. These results show the possibility of reducing the use of plant growth agents or fertilizers that cause environmental pollution by diluting and irrigating PAW on various sprout crops. Additionally, we found that using PAW contributes to the activation of autophagy.
Conclusions
The objective of this study is to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how plants respond to PAW treatment and offer insights into the potential applications of plasma technology in smart farms or in-door farming.
Prefiguring the design of freedom: An informational theory approach to socio-political cybernetics; analysing the messages in 2021 Colombian uprisings.
Authors: Osejo-Bucheli Camilo
Published: January 2024

Origin. The research analysed the messages communicated during the uprisings in a city in Colombia during 2021. The objective of the study was to determine the organisational idea of the country prefigured by the protestors during the marches. Method. The research uses participatory observation in an ethnographic method for data collection; for data analysis and reduction, it uses grounded theory; and for data analysis, it uses cybernetic communication modelling and the viable systems model. During the six marches, the study registered and analysed the messages contained in speeches, alternative media outlets, chants, signs, graffiti, and theatrical plays. Findings. It identifies the people´s demand for autonomy in the country, the emergence of new political identities, the use of telecommunications as a means for changing the state´s institutions, the use of art and culture in the country’s demonstrations, and the demand for the respect of human rights. The study analysed the findings using the socio-political cybernetics framework proposed by Stafford Beer. Originality. The article presents a novel approach to the study of the Colombian uprisings of 2021. The paper applies the socio-political cybernetic approach, which is uncommon in studies in cybernetics. It also proposes an extension to the cybernetic theory of communications.
Responses of Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of Diaspis boisduvalii (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) to Insecticides and Herbicides in Costa Rican banana plantations.
Authors: Solano-Gutiérrez Minor , Hanson Paul , Guillén-Sánchez César
Published: January 2024

Armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) have been identified as pests worldwide. In Costa Rica, various armored scale insects are economically important in the production of agricultural and horticultural products for exportation. Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret is a primary insect pest in banana plantations, causing substantial economic losses and high control costs. In order to determine the effect of insecticide and herbicide use on percent parasitism of D. boisduvalii on banana (Musa AAA “Cavendish”) in Costa Rica, six commercial plantations with varying insecticide and herbicide use were sampled over a five-month period. Pseudopetioles from the oldest pseudoleaf of banana plants infested with scale insects were collected monthly at each site. Each pseudopetiole fragment (55 cm2) was stored in a well-ventilated glass tube and monitored daily for parasitoid emergence, percent parasitism, and sex ratio. Four parasitoid species from two families were identified. A gregarious ectoparasitoid Aphytis sp., a solitary endoparasitoid Coccobius sp. and a very rare hyperparasitoid Ablerus sp. (Aphelinidae), and a solitary endoparasitoid Plagiomerus peruviensis (Girault) (Encyrtidae). The study revealed a significant negative impact of insecticides (p < .001), but species-specific responses to herbicides. Rather suprisingly, P. peruviensis showed a higher percent parasitism in plantations with herbicides than without herbicides, unlike the other parasitoids. Results from sex ratios suggest that P. peruviensis reproduces via thelytokous parthenogenesis.
Detection of metolachlor in grain by N-doped carbon quantum dots
Authors: Wang Jinchen , Zhang Liyuan , Yu Runzhong
Published: January 2024

To achieve rapid detection of metolachlor in grain, nitrogen was doped into carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) by a hydrothermal method, and the morphological features, elemental compositions and optical properties of the N-CQDs were analyzed and investigated by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. Based on the principle of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), a fluorescent probe was constructed for the rapid detection of metolachlor. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the fluorescence intensity change values of N-CQDs and metolachlor concentration had a good linear relationship when the concentration of metolachlor was in the range of 0.0125-2.5 µg/mL. The evaluation of the method showed that the method has good selectivity, reproducibility and stability, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.63 µg/kg and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.92 µg/kg. The spiked recoveries of the six real samples were tested using a spiked recovery assay, which yielded spiked recoveries in the range of 105.05%~87.13%, and their relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 3) ranged from 4.62–0.61%, indicating that the method can be used in the detection of practical samples with good precision and stability.
Biochemical, Morphological and Molecular Assessments of Flavonoids of Phoenix dactylifera L. Following Exposure to Inorganic Mercury on the Liver of Wistar Rats.
Authors: Abubakar Musa Garba , Agbon Abel Nosereme , Musa Sunday Abraham , Hamman Wilson O. , Oladele Sunday Blessing
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Mercury is a highly toxic metal that exerts adverse effects on humans and animals. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is used in folk medicine to treat fever, and inflammation, among others. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Phoenix dactylifera on mercury-induced kidney damage in Wistar rats.Design: 45 male rats (80–125g) were divided into nine groups (I-XI). Group 1 received 1mg/kg of distilled water, group II received mercury chloride (HgCl2) at 5 mg/kg; group III was pretreated with100 mg/kg of silymarin followed by 5 mg/kg of HgCl2; groups IV and V were pretreated with 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of aqueous extract of Phoenix dactylifera (AFPD) respectively, followed by 5 mg/kg of HgCl2; groups VI and VII were pretreated with 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Phoenix dactylifera L. (EFPD) respectively, followed by 5 mg/kg of HgCl2 while group VIII and IX received 1000 mg/kg of AFPD and EFPD respectively. After two weeks of oral administration, the animals were sacrificed and the blood and kidney tissue were collected for analyses.Results The present study showed that MDA significantly increased in HgCl2 group when compared to control while histological and histochemical changes in the kidney revealed severe degenerative changes. AFPD and EFPD extracts restored serum enzymes, electrolytes and antioxidant enzymes activity with significant increase in SOD activity in the AFPD (high dose) when compared to the HgCl2 treated group. This indicates some level of protection against HgCl2-induced changes in the kidneys of Wistar rats. The protective activity of the AFPD and EFPD may be attributed to the antioxidant properties of the phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, tannins etc.Conclusion The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Phoenix dactylifera are potential candidates for the management and treatment of ROS-induced kidney diseases.
Novel Anti-B-cell Maturation Antigen Alpha-Amanitin Antibody-drug Conjugate HDP-101 Shows Superior Activity to Belantamab Mafodotin and Enhanced Efficacy in Deletion 17p Myeloma Models
Authors: Singh Ram Kumar , Jones Richard J. , Shirazi Fazal , Qin Li , Zou Jianxuan , Hong Samuel , Wang Hua , Lee Hans C. , Patel Krina K. , Wan Jie , Choudhary Rajan Kumar , Kuiatse Isere , Pahl Andreas , Orlowski Robert Z.
Published: January 2024

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) plays a pathobiologic role in myeloma and is a validated target with five BCMA-specific therapeutics having been approved for relapsed/refractory disease. However, these drugs are not curative, and responses are inferior in patients with molecularly-defined high-risk disease, including those with deletion 17p (del17p) involving the tumor suppressor TP53, supporting the need for further drug development. Del17p has been associated with reduced copy number and gene expression of RNA polymerase II subunit alpha (POLR2A) in other tumor types. We therefore studied the possibility that HDP-101, an anti-BCMA antibody drug conjugate (ADC) with the POLR2A poison α-amanitin could be an attractive agent in myeloma, especially with del17p. HDP-101 reduced viability in myeloma cell lines representing different molecular disease subtypes, and overcame adhesion-mediated and both conventional and novel drug resistance. After confirming that del17p is associated with reduced POLR2A levels in publicly available myeloma patient databases, we engineered TP53 wild-type cells with a TP53 knockout (KO), POLR2A knockdown (KD), or both, the latter to mimic del17p. HDP-101 showed potent anti-myeloma activity against all tested cell lines, and exerted enhanced efficacy against POLR2A KD and dual TP53 KO/POLR2A KD cells. Mechanistic studies showed HDP-101 up-regulated the unfolded protein response, activated apoptosis, and induced immunogenic cell death. Notably, HDP-101 impacted CD138-positive but not -negative primary cells, showed potent efficacy against aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive clonogenic cells, and eradicated myeloma in an in vivo cell line-derived xenograft (CDX). Interestingly, in the CDX model, prior treatment with HDP-101 precluded subsequent engraftment on tumor cell line rechallenge in a manner that appeared to be dependent in part on natural killer cells and macrophages. Finally, HDP-101 was superior to the BCMA-targeted ADC belantamab mafodotin against cell lines and primary myeloma cells in vitro, and in an in vivo CDX. Together, the data support the rationale for translation of HDP-101 to the clinic, where it is now undergoing Phase I trials, and suggest that it could emerge as a more potent ADC for myeloma with especially interesting activity against the high-risk del17p myeloma subtype.
Prospective multicenter evaluation of adherence to the Dutch guideline for children aged 0 - 16 years with fever without a source - Febrile Illness in Children (FINCH) study
Authors: Keuning Maya Wietske , Klarenbeek Nikki N. , Bout Hidde J. , Broer Amber , Draaijer Melvin , Hol Jeroen , Hollander Nina , Merelle Marieke , Rashid Amara Nassar-Sheikh , Nusman Charlotte , Oostenbroek Emma , Ridderikhof Milan L. , Roelofs Manouck , Rossem Ellen van , Schoor Sophie R.D. van der , Schouten Sarah M. , Taselaar Pieter , Vasse Koen , Wermeskerken Anne-Marie van , Zande Julia M.J. van der , Zuurbier Roy P. , Bijlsma Merijn W. , Pajkrt Dasja , Plötz Frans B.
Published: January 2024

Purpose
Evaluation of guidelines in actual practice is a crucial step in guideline improvement. Retrospective evaluation of the Dutch guideline for children with fever without an apparent source (FWS) showed 50% adherence in young infants. We prospectively evaluated adherence to the Dutch guideline and its impact on management in current practice.
Methods
Prospective observational multicenter study, including children three days to sixteen years old presented for FWS at one of seven Emergency Departments in participating secondary and tertiary care hospitals in the Netherlands. Adherence to the Dutch FWS guideline, adapted from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline, was evaluated and patterns in non-adherence and the impact of non-adherence on clinical outcomes and resource use were explored.
Results
Adherence to the guideline was 192/370 (52%). Adherence was lowest in patients categorized as high risk for severe infection (72/187, 39%), compared to the low risk group (64/73, 88%). Differences in adherence were significant between risk categories (P < 0.001) but not between age categories. In case of non-adherence, less urinalysis, less bacterial cultures (blood, urine and cerebral spinal fluid) and less empirical antibiotic treatment were performed (P < 0.050). Clinical outcomes were not significantly different between the non-adherence and the adherence group, particularly regarding missed severe infections.
Conclusions
We found a high non-adherence rate of 48%, which did not lead to unfavorable clinical outcomes. This substantiates the need for a critical reevaluation of the FWS guideline and its indications for bacterial cultures, viral testing and antibiotic treatment.
Effects of BOPPPS model combined with case-based learning on hernia surgery education for 5 th year undergraduate：an observational study from China
Authors: Wang Hai-yang , Liu Junjie , Tang Bo
Published: January 2024

Objective To explore the effect of case-based learning (CBL) based on the bridge-in, objective, preassessment, participatory learning, post-assessment, and summary (BOPPPS) model in hernia surgeryeducation for fifth-year medical undergraduates.
Methods A total of 180 medicine undergraduates in Grade 2021 were enrolled in the observational study. These students were randomly divided into two groups, the traditional lecture (TL) group (N=90) and the CBL-BOPPPS group (N=90), respectively. After class, the course evaluation questionnaire (CEQ) was used to evaluate the student’s evaluation and satisfaction with the course. The post-class test was used to evaluate the learning outcome.
Results The CEQ showed that CBL-BOPPPS teaching was better than TL teaching in “improving team assistance ability”, “course content interest”, “clarifying learning objectives” and “problem-solving ability” (P <0.05). In the post-class test, the total score and clinical analysis score were significantly higher in the CBL-BOPPPS group than in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion CBL teaching based on the BOPPPS model is beneficial to improve students’ clinical analysis ability, satisfaction, and learning outcomes.
Bnip3 expression is strongly associated with reelin-positive entorhinal cortex layer II neurons
Authors: Omholt Stig W. , Lejneva Raissa , Lagartos-Donate Maria Jose , Caponio Domenica , Fang Evandro Fei , Kobro-Flatmoen Asgeir
Published: January 2024

In layer II of the entorhinal cortex, the principal neurons that project to the dentate gyrus and the CA3/2 hippocampal fields markedly express the large glycoprotein reelin (Re + ECLII neurons). In rodents, neurons located at the dorsal extreme of the EC, which border the rhinal fissure, express the highest levels, and the expression gradually decreases at levels successively further away from the rhinal fissure. Here we test two predictions following from the hypothesis that reelin expression is strongly correlated with neuronal metabolic rate. Since mitochondrial turnover rate serves as a proxy for energy expenditure, we predicted that the expression of the canonical promitophagic BCL2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (Bnip3) would be upregulated in Re + ECLII neurons, and that the degree of upregulation would strongly correlate with the expression level of reelin in these neurons. We confirm both predictions, which implies that the energy requirement of Re + ECLII neurons is generally high, and that there is a systematic increase in metabolic rate as one moves successively closer to the rhinal fissure. We tentatively suggest that the reasons for the high energy requirement of these neurons are their high rate of synaptic transmission and the high frequency by which they remold their synaptic contacts. This implies that the systematic variation in energy requirement of the neurons manifesting the observed reelin gradient ties in with the level of spatial and temporal detail by which they encode information about the external environment.
An experimental approach for the detection and analysis of Ascorbic Acid usingOptical Fiber based Biosensor with LSPR
Authors: Subbanna Bangi Bala , Choudhary Kuldeep , Singh Sonika , Kumar Santosh
Published: January 2024

The presented artile is an exploratory proceed towards the diagnosis of Ascorbic Acid (AA) using the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) methodology in conjunction with a Single-Mode-Step (SMS) optical fiber structure. This fabricated biosensor presents simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and high sensitivity. To fabricate the suggested biosensor, aspecified length of optical fiber is immersed witin a solution restrain AA. The outer surface of the fiber is coated by gold nanoparticles, which generate localized surface plasmons when in contact by AA particles. The LSPR phenomenon results in a shift in the resonant wavelength of transmitted light, corresponding to AA absorptions. Laboratory appraisals have been conducted to optimize critical parameters, together with the length of the fiber, nanoparticle size, concentration, including sensing mechanisms. These appraisals involved AA concentrations and gives a linear relationship inbetween wavelength shift as well as AA absorptions.This fabricated sensor shown a good stability and consistency. Additionally, this biosensor holds significant potential for applications in the fields of food inspection, clinical investigations, including pharmaceutical research. This laboratory work involves the development of LSPR biosensor based on optical fiber structures, enhancing investigative capabilities.
Development and validation of machine learning-based models for predicting healthcare-associated bacterial/fungal infections among COVID-19 inpatients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Min , Li Wenjuan , Wang Hui , song Peixin
Published: January 2024

Background
COVID-19 and bacterial/fungal coinfections have posed significant challenges to human health. However, there is a lack of good tools for predicting coinfection risk to aid clinical work.
Objective
We aimed to investigate the risk factors for bacterial/fungal coinfection among COVID-19 patients and to develop machine learning models to estimate the risk of coinfection.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled adult inpatients confirmed with COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital between January 1 and July 31, 2023, in China and collected baseline information at admission. All the data were randomly divided into a training set and a testing set at a ratio of 7:3. We developed the generalized linear and random forest models for coinfections in the training set and assessed the performance of the models in the testing set. Decision curve analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical applicability.
Results
A total of 1244 patients were included in the training cohort with 62 healthcare-associated bacterial/fungal infections, while 534 were included in the testing cohort with 22 infections. We found that patients with comorbidities (diabetes, neurological disease) were at greater risk for coinfections than were those without comorbidities (OR = 2.79, 95%CI = 1.61–4.86; OR = 1.93, 95%CI = 1.11–3.35). An indwelling central venous catheter or urinary catheter was also associated with an increased risk (OR = 2.53, 95%CI = 1.39–4.64; OR = 2.28, 95%CI = 1.24–4.27) of coinfections. Patients with PCT > 0.5 ng/ml were 2.03 times (95%CI = 1.41–3.82) more likely to be infected. Interestingly, the risk of coinfection was also greater in patients with an IL-6 concentration < 10 pg/ml (OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 0.97–2.94). A creatinine concentration < 44 umol/L (OR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.22–0.71) was a protective factor. The generalized linear and random forest models demonstrated favorable receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC = 0.87, 95%CI = 0.80–0.94; ROC = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.82–0.93) with high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 0.86vs0.75, 0.82vs0.86, 0.87vs0.74, respectively. The corresponding calibration evaluation P statistics were 0.883 and 0.769.
Conclusions
Our machine learning models achieved strong predictive ability and may be effective clinical decision support tools for identifying COVID-19 patients at risk for bacterial/fungal coinfection and guiding antibiotic administration. The levels of cytokines, such as IL-6, may affect the status of bacterial/fungal coinfection.
Constructing wavelets by welding segments of smooth
Authors: Jansen Maarten
Published: January 2024

The construction of B-spline wavelet bases on nonequispaced knots is extended to wavelets that are piecewise segments from any combination of smooth functions. The extended wavelet family thus provides multiresolution basis functions with support as compact as possible and belonging to a user controlled smoothness class. The construction proceeds in two phases. In the first fase, a set of smooth functions is used in the welding of compact supported, piecewise smooth basis functions. These piecewise smooth basis functions are refinable, meaning that they can be written as linear combinations of similar basis functions constructed on a fined grid of knots. The expression of the linear combination between the bases at two scales is known as a refinement or two-scale equation. In the second phase, the refinabability enables the construction of a wavelet transform. To this end, the refinement equation of the piecewise smooth scaling functions is factored into a lifting scheme, to which the desired properties of the subsequent wavelet basis can then be added. Next to the details of the construction, the paper discusses the conditions for it to fit into the classical framework of multiresolution analyses.
Toxicological and physiological activity of lemongrass and peppermint essential oils on life-table parameters of Oligonychus mangiferus and its predatory mite, Cydnoseius negevi
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud Monir , Abdelwines Mohammed Ali
Published: January 2024

The use of synthetic pesticides has raised concerns about environmental safety and human health. As a result, eco-friendly biopesticides such as essential oils are being used in combination with biocontrol agents within IPM programs. In this study, the effects of LC50 of lemongrass and peppermint essential oils were evaluated on the demographic parameters of Oligonychus mangiferus (Rahman & Sapra) and its predatory mite, Cydnoseius negevi (Swirskii & Amitai). The effects of these oils were assessed in terms of measuring the activity of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. GC-MS was used to identify the chemical components of these oils. The main compounds identified by GC–MS in lemongrass and peppermint essential oils were (D-Limonene (45.06%), β-Citral (10.30%), α-Citral (9.90%)) and (Menthol (32.03%), Menthone (30.18%), p-Menthan-3-one (11.53%)), respectively. The results showed that lemongrass and peppermint were more toxic to O. mangiferus than to C. negevi. Exposure of O. mangiferus to the LC50 of these oils caused a significant increase in peroxidase and catalase enzymes, but it inhibited the detoxifying enzymes, α-esterase, β-esterase, and glutathione s-transferase. Also, these oils had disruptive effects on survival, longevity, and fecundity of O. mangiferus; as they reduced its demographic parameters such as (R0), (GRR), (rm) and (λ). However, they did not show any substantial change in the development time and demographic parameters of C. negevi. On the contrary, they improved its enzymes activity. According to these findings, these essential oils can be used in combination with biological control agents in the integrated pest management strategies against the mango spider mite, O. mangiferus.
Stress assessment using pulse-excited magnetic Barkhausen noise with high frequency stability and sensitivity
Authors: Shi Tao , Sun Shihao , Ding Song , Wang Lang , Song Cheng , Wang Yiqing , Shen Jie
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a rectangular excitation is employed for nondestructive assessment of compressive applied stress (0-150 MPa) on Q235 steel using magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) technique. The response durations almost keep constant due to the variation rate of applied voltage is fixed whatever the excitation frequency is. After eliminating the excitation induced pulse signal, the ring count feature is extracted to measure the applied stress. The traditional features, root mean square (RMS) and skewness, with sine and triangle excitation are compared with the proposed feature. Ring count presents monotonous relations to the applied stress, and is almost impervious to the excitation frequency, especially when the applied stress more than 75 MPa. Although the sensitivity of ring count feature is less than skewness in low-stress loading situation, it provides high sensitivity as well as RMS feature and better frequency stability, which contributes to the actual applications for stress measurement and evaluation based on MBN technique.
On Using Machine Learning for Vertical Handover Decision Making in a Vehicular Platoon
Authors: Khoder Rami , Mouawad Nadia , Naja Rola , Ismail Salam , tohme samir
Published: January 2024

Mobility management is required in the heterogeneous vehicular network because a variety of radio access technologies are integrated into these networks. Mobility handling importance rises when vertical handover is required in a vehicular platoon. This paper tackles the mobility problem for platoon vehicles in a heterogeneous vehicular network. More precisely, a vertical handover is initiated when the Quality of Service (QOS) level experiences degradation due to disturbances caused by moving vehicles. In this context, we propose a Vertical Handover (VHO) scheme achieved efficiently in two steps: the first one is the VHO decision based on various machine learn- ing techniques; the second step consists of a cooperative game based on network selection (CGNS) used to select the suitable technology. We investigated various machine learning techniques where our results indicate that the random forest algorithm is considered the most suitable approach for our scenario. Moreover, CGNS performance analysis demonstrates a reduced network overload and a decrease in useless handover requests.
Prediction of historical, current and future configuration of Gymnadenia orchidis 1 based on the optimized MaxEnt in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: LI Ming , Zhang Yi , Wang Tongxin , WU Chu , Zhang Xiujuan , Wang Junbang
Published: January 2024

Gymnosia orchidis (G. orchidis) is a valuable Tibetan medicinal resource with significant medicinal, ecological, and economic value. However, the growth of G. orchidis is severely constrained by stringent natural conditions, leading to a drastic decline in its resources. Therefore, it is crucial to study the suitable habitat areas of G. orchidis to facilitate future artificial cultivation and maintain ecological balance. In this study, we investigated the suitable zones of G. orchidis based on 79 occurrence points in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and 23 major environmental variables, including climate, topography, and soil type. We employed the Maximum Entropy model (MaxEnt) to simulate and predict the spatial distribution and configuration changes of G. orchidis during different time periods, including the last inter-glacial (LIG), the last glacial Maximum (LGM), the Mid-Holocene (MH), the present, and future scenarios (2041—2060 and 2061—2080) under three different climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP370, and SSP585). Our results indicated that annual precipitation (Bio12, 613—2466 mm) and mean temperature of the coldest quarter (Bio11, -5.8—8.5 °C) were the primary factors influencing the suitable habitat of G. orchidis, with a cumulative contribution of 78.5%. The precipitation and temperature during the driest season had the most significant overall impact. Under current climate conditions, the suitable areas of G. orchidis covered approximately 63.72×104/km², encompassing Yunnan, Gansu, Sichuan, and parts of Xizang provinces, with the highest suitability observed in the Hengduan, Yunlin, and Himalayan mountain regions. In the past, the suitable area of G. orchidis experienced significant changes during the Mid-Holocene, including variations in total area and centroid migration direction. In future scenarios, the suitable habitat of G. orchidis is projected to expand significantly under SSP370 (30.33%—46.19%), followed by SSP585 (1.41%—22.3%), while contraction is expected under SSP126. Moreover, the centroids of suitable areas exhibited multidirectional movement, with the most extensive displacement observed under SSP585 (100.38 km²). This research provides valuable insights for guiding the selection of introduced species, artificial cultivation, and resource conservation in the future, while also offering theoretical support for the protection of endangered species.