bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problematika oblikoslovnega zaglavja v Poskusnem snopiču Slovarja slovenskih protestantskih piscev 16. stoletja
Authors: Merše Majda
Published: April 2020

Primerjava z zgodovinskimi slovarji slovanskih narodov je pokazala, da bo načrtovani slovenski zgodovinski slovar, namenjen predstavitvi knjižnega jezika slovenskih protestantskih piscev 16. stoletja, specifičen tako glede zajetega obdobja kot glede zbranega gradiva. V sestavku bo razvojno prikazano oblikovanje koncepta oblikoslovnega zaglavja. Pri načrtovanju njegove obvestilnostije bilo poleg možnosti, kijih nudi s popolnim izpisom zbrano gradivo, treba upoštevati tudi možnosti izvedbe in potrebe potencialnih uporabnikov.
Šestdeset in šeststo petdeset šestdelnih šeststopenjskih petdejank
Authors: Weiss Peter
Published: April 2020

Za začetek o pravorečni vrzeli 0.1 Slovenski jezikovni priročniki - niti najnovejši izčrpni, kakršna sta Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika in Slovenski pravopis: Pravila iz leta 1997 (sicer navajam večinoma SP 1994, česar pa ne pišem, če je naveden samo konkreten paragraf) - ne dajejo potrebnih navodil (1) za izgovarjavo črkovne skupine 1 v primerih, kot sta šeststo in devetnajststo, ko se izgovarja kot [st] in hiperkorektno kot [s:t] ali [set], kar je drugače kot v primerih šeststezen in poststrukturalizem, za kar je npr. v SP 1994 predpisan izgovor [set], čeprav le posredno.
Nekaj besednorednih posebnosti v nadiškem in briškem narečju
Authors: Zuljan Kumar Danila
Published: April 2020

V raziskavi so prikazana odstopanja od knjižnih besednorednih pravil v nadiških in briških govorih. Podrobneje so predstavljeni: stava pridevniškega ujemalnega prilastka v samostalniški besedni zvezi, stava prostih naslonk in zaporedje naslonk v naslons-kem nizu, besedni red v povedi, ki jo uvede členek oziroma prislovno določilo kraja ali časa, besedni red v zloženi povedi z odvisnikom ter pravilo stave izpostavljenega stavčnega člena. Ugotavlja se tudi, ali je treba vsa odstopanja pripisati vplivu stičnih romanskih jezikov ali pa gre morda le za posebnosti govorjenega jezika.
13. mednarodni slavistični kongres (v podatkovno-statistični luči) (Ljubljana,15.-21.8.2003)
Authors: Šivic‑Dular Alenka
Published: April 2020

Prispevek je poročilo o 13. mednarodnem slavističnem kongresu, kije potekal od 15. do 21.avgusta 2003 v Ljubljani. Na kongresu, kije bil velik kulturni dogodek in katerega organizacija je bila zelo zahtevna, se je zbralo doslej v Sloveniji največ slavistov z vsega sveta.
Strategic Approach to Tourism Development in Namibia
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: April 2020

Tourism is a powerful vehicle for economic growth and job creation is now a recognized phenomenon worldwide. International tourist arrivals to SSA have been on increase. This makes SSA the second fastest growing region in the world after the Asia Pacific (UNWTO 2010). The importance of the tourism system for economic development in Namibia has also been clearly acknowledged in the development policies and plans. Despite this, there are few comprehensive studies and research whatever has been sprinkled with narrow focus. This creates difficulty in holistic understanding apart from the need for strategic approach for tourism development in Namibia. In the context of such precincts and lack of comprehensive research, strategic management of tourism and thereby its development to the fullest potential is challenging. This paper through in depth literature review and grounded theory with contextual analysis aims to fill that gap.
A Survey on the Acceptability of Equivalence-Based Translation Into Yorùbá Language in the Domain of Information and Communication Technology
Authors: Adejumo Jethro Akinyemi
Published: April 2020

This article contains a descriptive survey on the acceptability of equivalence-based translation of the menu of TECNO Android phones into the Yorùbá language, one of the three major languages in Nigeria. Words translated into Yorùbá were categorized into strategies of borrowing, semantic extension and composition and analysed from equivalence effect. In the follow-up survey, information and communication technology experts and general mobile phone users were carefully chosen and consulted for an assessment of the appropriateness of the translation. The study concluded that equivalence, the key term of linguistic translation theories, is still a viable concept in the translation of information and communication technology and equivalence-based translation into Yorùbá will not only promote the language but also contribute to effective communication in a multilingual global village that the world is fast becoming.
Prospects and Challenges of E-Government in Black Africa
Authors: Endong Floribert Patrick C.
Published: April 2020

Most scholars' perspectives on e-government development in Africa have tended to be monolithic. This has been irrespective of the fact that African nations have been adopting relatively different approaches to e-governance. Though the dominant tendency among them has been to struggle to have a certain amount of web presence through the creation of e-government web portals, each African country has designed its own (customized) e-government initiatives. It will therefore be very interesting to explore the extent to which the prospects and challenges of e-governance in Africa have been varying across countries. This chapter attempts to fill this gap in knowledge through a comparative study of e-government implementation in Nigeria and Cameroon. The chapter is divided into three main parts. The first part provides a conceptual definition and a brief history of e-government. The second part explores the phenomena of ICTs and e-governance in Africa while the last part provides a comparative perspective on the implementation of e-government in Nigeria and Cameroon.
Social Media, Nigerian Youths and Political Participation
Authors: Egbunike Nwachukwu Andrew
Published: April 2020

This article is a study of the influence of social media on political participation of youths in Nigeria through a review of the methodology, research themes and theoretical trends. The research method was a content analysis of forty-four relevant empirical articles. Findings showed that the predominant themes were political participation, social media and ethnicity. Most of the reviewed studies employed surveys, desktop research or critical review of literature as their research method. Most reviewed studies either adopted quantitative or qualitative research method and without a theoretical framework. It was evident that many studies in the global north did not link political participation to ethnicity, unlike those that were carried out in Nigeria. In addition, there were few studies on the influence of social media on the political participation of youths. Consequently, research in this area has to contextualize the Nigerian experience, adopt a triangulation of quantitative and qualitative research methods with a strong theoretical base.
Reconciling Homosexuality and Spirituality in Africa as a Heresy and Survival Strategy
Authors: Endong Floribert Patrick C.
Published: April 2020

The fight against homophobia in Africa has motivated the emergence of various advocacy initiatives including pro-gay religious forces. One of such initiatives – which have audaciously Christianized homosexuality – has been the Nigerian based, House of Rainbow (LGBT church). Using observations and a critical exploitation of secondary sources, this book chapter critically appraises this church in the light of four socio-religious theories namely, secular humanism, postmodernism, religious liberalism and African conservatism. The chapter is divided into four main parts. The first part provides a theoretical framework composed of four movements namely postmodernism, secular humanism, religious liberalism and African conservatism. The second part explores the origin, mission and structure of House of Rainbow. The third part examines House of Rainbow as postmodernist and religious humanist Christianity; while the last part examines the extent to which the gay-only church is more a survival strategy for Nigerian LGBT people than it is a heresy.
Novel Spanish Translators for Acute Care Nurses and Physicians: Usefulness and Effect on Practitioners’ Stress
Authors: Bernard Andrew C. , Summers Audra , Thomas Jennifer , Ray Myrna , Rockich Anna , Barnes Stephen , Boulanger Bernard , Kearney Paul
Published: April 2020

• Background Language barriers are significant impediments to providing quality healthcare, and increased stress levels among nurses and physicians are associated with these barriers. However, little evidence supports the usefulness of a translation tool specific to healthcare.

• Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel English-Spanish translator designed specifically for nurses and physicians. The hypothesis was that the translator would be useful and that use of the translator would decrease stress levels among nurses and physicians caring for Spanish-speaking patients.

• Methods Novel English-Spanish translators were developed entirely on the basis of input from critical care nurses and physicians. After 7 months of use, users completed surveys. Usefulness of the translator and stress levels among users were reported.

• Results A total of 60% of nurses (n = 32) and 71% (n = 25) of physicians responded to the survey. A total of 96% of physicians and 97% of nurses considered the language barrier an impediment to delivering quality care. Nurses reported significantly more stress reduction than did physicians (P = .01). Most nurses and physicians had used the translator during the survey period. Overall, 91% of nurses and 72% of physicians found that the translator met their needs at the bedside some, most, or all of the time. All nurses thought that they most likely would use the translator in the future.

• Conclusions The translator was useful for most critical care nurses and physicians surveyed. Healthcare providers, especially nurses, experienced decreased stress levels when they used the translator.
Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema Due to Traumatic Brain Injury: Evidence of Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Bahloul Mabrouk , Chaari Anis N. , Kallel Hatem , Khabir Abdelmajid , Ayadi Adnène , Charfeddine Hanène , Hergafi Leila , Chaari Adel D. , Chelly Hedi E. , Hamida Chokri Ben , Rekik Noureddine , Bouaziz Mounir
Published: April 2020

• Background Acute neurogenic pulmonary edema, a common and underdiagnosed clinical entity, can occur after virtually any form of injury of the central nervous system and is a potential early contributor to pulmonary dysfunction in patients with head injuries.

• Objective To explore myocardial function in patients with evident neurogenic pulmonary edema after traumatic head injury.

• Methods During a 1-year period in a university hospital in Sfax, Tunisia, information was collected prospectively on patients admitted to the 22-bed intensive care unit because of isolated traumatic head injury who had neurogenic pulmonary edema. Data included demographic information, vital signs, neurological status, physiological status, and laboratory findings. All of the patients had computed tomography and plain radiography of the neck and determination of cardiac function.

• Results All 7 patients in the sample had cardiac dysfunction. Evidence of myocardial damage was confirmed by echocardiography in 3 patients, pulmonary artery catheterization in 3 patients, and/or postmortem myocardial biopsy in 4 patients. Echocardiography studies, repeated 7 days after the initial study in one patient and 90 days afterward in another, showed complete improvement in wall motion, with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.65.

• Conclusion All patients who had neurogenic pulmonary edema due to traumatic head injury had myocardial dysfunction. The mechanisms of the dysfunction were multiple. The great improvement in wall motion seen in 2 patients indicated the presence of a stunned myocardium. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of this cardiac dysfunction.
Confounding T-Wave Inversion
Authors: Bresnahan Sandra , Eastwood Jo-Ann
Published: April 2020

In the medical community, the nonspecific finding of T-wave inversion warrants further investigation. An electrocardiogram may be an essential component of a surgical risk evaluation. Patients who show a T-wave inversion on a preoperative electrocardiogram require further investigation to distinguish between pathological and benign T-wave inversion. Optimizing patients’ safety during the perioperative experience is the ultimate clinical outcome.
Synthesis and Characterization of Physical Properties of MgO Thin Films by Various Concentrations
Authors: Chaouch Nadjat , Benramache Said , Lakel Said
Published: April 2020

In this work, magnesium oxide was elaborated on a glass substrate at 450°C by a pneumatic spray technique. The structural, optical, and electrical properties were studied at different MgO concentrations (.05, .10, .15, and .2 mol L−1). Poly-crystalline MgO films with a cubic structure with a strong (002) preferred orientation were observed at all sprayed films, with a maximum crystallite size of 21.4 nm attained by the sprayed film at .2 mol L−1. Good transmission was found in the deposited MgO thin films with lowest molarity. The transmission of MgO thin films decreases rapidly as the wavelength increases in the range of 300–400 nm and then increases slowly at higher wavelengths. The bandgap of MgO thin films decreases as the molarity increases, and the band gap values range between 4.8 and 4.3 eV. The Urbach energy values range between 375 and 519 meV. The electrical resistance of our films is on the order of 2 × 107Ω. The prepared MgO thin films were suitable for electronic packaging; they are capable to provide very stable and high secondary electron emission combined with low bandgap energy and low electrical resistance.
Are dissolved organic carbon concentrations in riparian groundwater linked to hydrological pathways in the boreal forest?
Authors: Ploum Stefan W. , Laudon Hjalmar , Peralta-Tapia Andrés , Kuglerová Lenka
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The riparian zone (RZ), or near-stream area, plays a fundamental role in the
biogeochemistry of headwaters. Here, wet, carbon-rich soils can change
groundwater chemistry before it enters the stream. In the boreal forest, the RZ plays an especially important role in the export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to streams. However, the RZ is not uniform, and spatial variability of riparian groundwater hydrology and chemistry can be large. Terrestrial topographic depressions create hydrological pathways towards focal points in the RZ, which we refer to as “discrete riparian inflow points” (DRIPs). Combining the chemical function of the RZ and the convergence of hydrological pathways, we hypothesize that DRIPs play a disproportionally large role in conveying DOC to small streams. Earlier work has demonstrated that runoff from DRIPs can make up the majority of riparian flow contributions to streams, but it is currently unknown how their groundwater chemistry differs from the rest of the RZ. Therefore, we ask the following question: are DOC concentrations in
riparian groundwater linked to hydrological pathways in the boreal forest? To answer this question, we sampled riparian groundwater during six campaigns across three boreal headwater streams in Sweden. The groundwater wells were distributed into 10 DRIP and non-DRIP pairs (60 wells), following transects from the upland (20 m lateral distance from the stream bank) to the near-stream area (<5 m lateral distance from the stream bank). The variability in DOC, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) was analyzed using linear mixed-effects models (LMMs). We explained the variability using three factors: distance from the stream, seasonality, and DRIP/non-DRIP. Our
results showed that DRIPs provided DOC-rich water (34 mg L−1) with relatively low EC (36 µS cm−1). The “non-DRIP” riparian water had 40 % lower DOC concentrations (20 mg L−1) and a 45 % higher EC (52 µS cm−1) on average. Moreover, groundwater chemistry from DRIPs was spatially and temporally relatively homogeneous. In contrast, non-DRIP water transformed distinctly in the last 25 m towards the stream, and the chemical variability was also larger between seasons. We concluded that hydrological pathways and spatial variability in riparian groundwater DOC concentrations are linked, and that DRIPs can be seen as important control points in the boreal landscape. Characterizing DRIPs in headwater catchments can be useful for upscaling carbon inputs in boreal stream ecosystems and for delineating hydrologically adapted buffers for forest management practices.
O PAPEL DA VITAMINA D NAS CARDIOPATIAS
Authors: Bentivóglio Costa Silva Vinícius , Gonçalves Sousa Marlos
Published: April 2020

A nutrição potencialmente desempenha uma utilidade importante no manejo de pacientes cardiopatas. Mediante os crescentes estudos e interesse que apontam para a relevância da vitamina D no desenvolvimento e como valor preditivo de alterações cardiovasculares, a presente revisão tem por objetivo destacar os conceitos, aplicações e perspectivas quanto ao uso desse composto. A vitamina D classifica-se como um nutriente dietético essencial para cães e há evidências crescentes de que a sua deficiência é uma importante condição para a patogênese das cardiopatias, ademais, está associada ao aumento da morbidade e mortalidade. Portanto, mais estudos devem ser encorajados perante resultados tão atrativos, no intuito de consolidar tais informações.
A experiência da guarda compartilhada dos filhos: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Staudt Ana Cristina Pontello , Wagner Adriana
Published: April 2020

A guarda compartilhada dos filhos tem sido alvo de muitas discussões nos meios acadêmicos, assim como na sociedade em geral. Este estudo visa a identificar as principais temáticas estudadas acerca do arranjo compartilhado, assim como descrever os resultados destas investigações. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa do tema, considerando as publicações compreendidas entre os anos de 1990 e 2016. Mediante busca nas bases PsycINFO, SciELO e PePSIC, com referência aos descritores “guarda compartilhada” e “joint custody”, foram identificados 219 artigos, os quais foram reduzidos para 45, considerando-se a existência de estudos duplicados e a pertinência de cada um ao objetivo traçado. Os artigos selecionados foram lidos na íntegra e posteriormente submetidos a uma análise de conteúdo. Tal análise configurou-se em cinco categorias temáticas. Os estudos apontaram haver benefícios do arranjo para o sistema familiar, em especial para os filhos, derivados de uma maior convivência destes com ambos os pais. Dificuldades associadas ao arranjo foram identificadas, principalmente no que tange ao conflito entre o par parental e às implicações das relações de gênero nesse processo. A guarda compartilhada é entendida como uma importante alternativa, ainda que artigos sugiram não haver um modelo ideal de guarda, sendo as particularidades de cada contexto e de cada família, seus recursos e interesses, mais relevantes que o arranjo em si.
Expediente
Authors: Editorial Equipe
Published: April 2020

Expediente
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Equipe
Published: April 2020

Editorial
The System of Land Ownership and Its Effect on Agricultural Production: The Case of Ghana
Authors: Vanderpuye Inez Naaki , Darkwah Samuel Antwi , Živělová Iva
Published: April 2020

Most African continents have pressing issues on individual rights to property and natural resources, given the relatively poor economic conditions and the belief of personal ownership to a property right (Joireman, 2008). Ghana, like many African countries like Mozambique and Uganda, have laws to the right of property that is the traditional system of land rights. Most of the African countries depend on the large share of natural capital from the natural resources for the economic growth of the country. Some emerging economies can have sustained economic growth due to their reliance on natural resources such as oil and gas. This paper investigates property rights, land ownership, and land inheritance and their effect on agricultural production in Ghana. To undertake this research, a sample of 35 respondents were analysed using the SPSS software. The analysis was based on characteristics such as gender, age, and educational level of the respondents. The research results indicate that men inherit more than women, and family ownership is the most popular type of land inheritance in Ghana. Also, people with a lower level of education are likely to inherit the land and own land. Finally, the patrilineal system is the most popular system of inheritance in Ghana.
Bio-Based Composites from Industrial By-products and Wastes as Raw Materials
Authors: Dinu Roxana , Mija Alice
Published: April 2020

Innovative bio-based composites combining humins as biorefinery by-product with keratin or lignin as wastes or industrial side-products were developed. The bio-composites were prepared using three types of matrix formulations allowing the synthesis of elastic to rigid thermosets. These matrices were combined with chicken feathers powder, non-woven chicken feathers mat or lignin to produce bio-composites. A maximum quantity of bio-fillers was used, around 10 wt.%. The effect of the bio-fillers on the matrix’s crosslinking was studied by rheology and DSC. Then, the obtained materials were analyzed by TGA, DMA, tensile tests, water absorption and SEM. The results show a very good compatibility of the humins matrix with the bio-fillers, without any preliminary modification of the matrix, that is exceptional for the point of view of a composite. The overall performances of the neat matrix were maintained or improved through the composites. Therefore, bio-composites with potentially interesting thermal and mechanical properties have been synthesized. In the case of the elastic ductile matrix the Young’s modulus value was improved from 1 to 22 MPa, while for the rigid matrix the increase was from 106 to 443 or 667 MPa, in the case of composites with non-woven chicken feathers mat or lignin. To our knowledge this is the first study combining humins matrix with keratin. The obtained bio-composites are sustainable materials linked via the used raw materials to the circular economy and biomass valorization.
Multi-Product Forwarder-Based Timber Extraction
Authors: Gagliardi Kayla , Ackerman Simon , Ackerman Pierre
Published: April 2020

Accurate predictions in forest operations can be used towards effective planning, costing, and maximizing the productivity of machines in mechanised cut-to-length (CTL) harvesting. There is a general and substantial gap in forwarder productivity data available for pine sawtimber in South Africa at present, and as the number of product assortments being harvested increase there is a need for more work to quantify the effects of extracting products of different dimensions. The aim of this study was to calculate the time consumption and productivity of two models of Ponsse forwarders (15 t and 20 t capacity) to consider and compare the effects of multiple variables including machine capabilities, product assortment, load size, extraction distance and fuel consumption. Productivity averaged at 34.08 m3 per productive machine hour excluding delays longer than one minute (PMH1) for the smaller machine, and 55.94 m3/PMH1 for the larger machine. Productivity and average log volume were strongly positively correlated. Regression models were created for each machine where load volume and extraction distance were both significant factors for predicting productivity. Average fuel consumption of the smaller machine was 15.55 l/PMH1 and 0.47 l/m3, and 20.57 l/PMH1 and 0.43 l/m3 for the larger machine. The product with the largest volume was found to require the least fuel per m3. The models developed could aid in predicting system productivity and potentially carbon emissions under similar conditions in a South African context of industrial plantation forestry.
Heimaturlaub
Authors: Packheiser Christian
Published: April 2020

Der Zweite Weltkrieg riss unzählige Familien auseinander und zerstörte die privaten Lebensentwürfe eines Großteils der deutschen Bevölkerung. Individuelle Hoffnungen und Erwartungen der insgesamt 18 Millionen eingezogenen Soldaten und ihrer Angehörigen konzentrierten sich auf die wenigen kostbaren Tage des »Heimaturlaubs«. Welche Erfahrungen verbanden sich mit diesen Wiedersehen? Wurden sie von der zunehmend radikalisierten Kriegführung überschattet? Was versprach sich das NS-Regime von den Fronturlauben? Wie regelten und kontrollierten die Machthaber die zeitlich befristete Heimkehr der Soldaten?

Christian Packheiser untersucht erstmals die konflikthafte Aushandlung von staatlichen und persönlichen Interessen im Fronturlaub. Dabei fokussiert er sowohl die individuellen Strategien als auch die offiziellen Inszenierungen sowie das System aus Gratifikation und Überwachung, mit dem das Regime den Urlaub und die Urlauber zu steuern beabsichtigte. So geraten auch die sich wandelnden Rollenmuster im Verlauf des Krieges und die Maßnahmen des Regimes zur Stabilisierung der Heimatfront in den Blick.

»Tage sollen Kraft und Mut geben aber Vater, Mutter, Geschwister, Bekannte sind Unbekannte - sind auf rührende Weise bemüht die Zeit still stehen zu lassen und uns dort wieder einzupflanzen - wo unsere Saugwurzeln vor Jahren abgerissen wurden - von uns selber oder wer weiß von wem.«

Aus dem Tagebuch eines Frontsoldaten

Christian Packheiser studierte Neuere und Neueste Geschichte, Politikwissenschaften und Geschichte der Frühen Neuzeit an der Universität Augsburg. Seit 2013 ist er wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Institut für Zeitgeschichte in München. 2018 wurde er an der LMU München promoviert.
Auf den Spuren des Wals
Authors: Lüttge Felix
Published: April 2020

Eine Medien- und Wissensgeschichte von Biologie und Ozeanographie im Kielwasser der Walfänger.

Immer wieder entzieht sich der Wal wissenschaftlicher Klassifikation und Darstellbarkeit. Wale sind buchstäblich nicht zu fassen - als sich die neuen biologischen Wissenschaften im 19. Jahrhundert daran machten, »das Leben« zu erklären, blieb das der Wale ein Problem. Doch Walfänger durchkreuzten auf ihren Spuren im 19. Jahrhundert die Meere der Welt. Kartographen erschlossen auf den Spuren dieser Walfänger die Nordwestpassage und den pazifischen Ozean, während Naturhistoriker und Zoologen sie in die Lebensräume der Wale begleiten.
Felix Lüttge erzählt die Geschichte der Walfänger, die den Walen, und der Wissenschaftler, die wiederum den Walfängern folgten. Es ist eine Medien- und Wissensgeschichte des Wals wie auch der Meere, die auf seinen Spuren durchfahren und vermessen wurden. Felix Lüttge beschreibt die komplexen Austauschprozesse, mit denen Walfänger und Wissenschaftler ökonomisches, ozeanographisches, zoologisches und geographisches Wissen hervorbrachten.

»Die Wale, von denen diese Untersuchung handelt, sind auch, aber nicht zuerst Teile einer Natur, die es zu ordnen galt. Sie sind Rohstofflieferanten und Wissensobjekte, und sie mussten erst mithilfe bestimmter Praktiken und Medien hervorgebracht werden.«
Felix Lüttge

Felix Lüttge, geb. 1987, ist Historiker und Kulturwissenschaftler. Er arbeitet am Seminar für Medienwissenschaft an der Universität Basel. Veröffentlichungen u.a.: Walverwandtschaften. Leben in feindlichen Milieus, in: Milieu. Umgebungen des Lebendigen in der Moderne (2017); Whaling Intelligence, in: The British Journal for the History of Science (2019).
Evaluation of a West Nile virus risk-assessment tool used at a local health unit
Authors: Bamotra Manjinder , Pons Wendy , Young Ian
Published: April 2020

In Ontario, public health units collect surveillance data on vector-borne diseases (VBD) to determine emerging trends and develop VBD management strategies. Risk-assessment tools that are simple and easily applied can provide public health practitioners with objective evaluations of the risk of West Nile virus (WNV) activity in their jurisdiction. This study was conducted to evaluate an existing WNV risk-assessment tool used by a public health unit in southern Ontario. The purpose of this study was to: (i) describe the trends for WNV in mosquito and human cases in the Region of Peel, Ontario, Canada, and (ii) investigate the ability of the risk-assessment tool to predict positive human cases and positive mosquito traps in the following weeks. Data were collected from 2011 to 2016 and analysed using simple descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact tests. This study found the tool includes variables that are not significant in predicting WNV activity in the following weeks. The current tool should be revised to remove variables that are not significant in predicting risk and add additional variables that have been shown to be effective predictors in other studies, such as rainfall and human WNV cases in the previous year.
Perceções e comportamentos dos médicos oncologistas relativos à promoção de atividade física
Authors: Rodrigues Bruno , Ribeiro Catarina , Encantado Jorge , Palmeira António Labisa
Published: April 2020

Objetivo

Descrever e explorar determinantes da promoção de Atividade Física (AF) por parte dos oncologistas, analisar a perceção de capacidade, oportunidade e motivação dos médicos quanto à promoção de AF, e analisar as preocupações relacionadas com a prática de exercício físico dos doentes oncológicos.

Método

Um total de 76 oncologistas preencheram um questionário constituído por demografia, questões sobre a promoção da AF ligadas às perceções de capacidade, oportunidade, motivação, comportamento, e necessidades. Foram realizadas análises de correlação de Pearson e Spearman, regressão linear múltipla, teste-t paramétrico e não paramétrico.

Resultados

Foram detetadas perceções de capacidade e oportunidade baixas e uma motivação elevada. A grande maioria promove atividade física, mas não promove exercício físico estruturado, contudo, reconhecem a sua importância. A capacidade é a variável mais preponderante no comportamento, mas as restantes variáveis estão associadas ao mesmo. É reportada uma necessidade de melhoria de condições para a promoção de AF.

Conclusão

Os resultados devem ser analisados com cautela devido à amostra reduzida, no entanto, sugerem que os médicos valorizam a prática de AF dos seus doentes mas não se sentem capazes para promovê-la, o que legitima a presença de fisiologistas do exercício nos serviços de saúde. A presença do fisiologista do exercício pode ser um fator desencadeador da promoção de AF e exercício físico.
Child Abuse Awareness and Reporting Intention among Nursing and Education Students
Authors: Jeong Yeseul , Jang Sang Youn , Song Min Kyung , Kum Da Jeong , Park Sae Eun , Bang Kyung Sook
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate child abuse awareness and reporting intention among nursing and education students and correlations among the variables involved. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by administering an online questionnaire to 70 nursing college students and 70 education college students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-squared test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Pearson's correlation in SPSS 21.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results: The mean score of child abuse awareness was $3.61{pm}0.32$ for nursing students and $3.60{pm}0.36$ for education students. The mean score of reporting intention was $5.65{pm}0.90$ for nursing students and $5.38{pm}1.03$ for education students. Females presented higher scores than males in the awareness of sexual abuse. The awareness of emotional abuse was higher in students who knew of reporting obligations or who had experienced abuse. Child abuse awareness and reporting intention were significantly positively correlated. Also, the number of times having received child abuse education was correlated with reporting intention in both mild and severe cases of abuse. Conclusion: Reporting intention is not only related to having received education, but also to the frequency of that education. Child abuse education is important to increase reporting intention and should be delivered repeatedly.
Effects of Simulation-Based Education before Clinical Experience on Knowledge, Clinical Practice Anxiety, and Clinical Performance Ability in Nursing Students
Authors: Ko Eun Jeong , Kim Eun Jung
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of simulation-based education on nursing knowledge, anxiety, and clinical performance ability in nursing students before their first clinical practice. Methods: Third-year university students who had not yet entered their first clinical practice were recruited to participate in the study. Nineteen students formed the experimental group and participated in simulation-based education for 7 sessions. The 19 students in the control group were provided with clinical practice orientation in the form of traditional lectures. Outcome measures assessed nursing knowledge, clinical practice anxiety, and clinical performance ability. Data were collected before and immediately after the simulation-based education and after six weeks of clinical practice. Results: Nursing knowledge and clinical anxiety were not statistically significant between the groups. However, there was a significant improvement in the clinical performance abilities of the experimental group. Among the subcategories, the ability to apply the nursing process and the ability to educate and cooperate were shown to maintain significant differences from the control group by the end of the six weeks of clinical practice. Conclusion: The simulation prior to nursing students' first clinical practice could be useful to improve clinical performance ability. Nursing educators should consider building programs to reduce anxiety and improve performance ability through simulations.
The Effects of Simulation Education for New Nurses on Emergency Management Using Low-fidelity Simulator
Authors: Lee Young Hee , Ahn Hye Young
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study focuses on investigating the effectiveness of simulation education on emergency management using a low-fidelity simulator as related to clinical skill performance, self-confidence, knowledge, learning satisfaction, and critical thinking disposition in new nurses. Methods: A pre-post test experimental design of nonequivalent control group was applied. Fifty-five new nurses were recruited, 28 nurses for the experimental group and 27 nurses for the control group. A simulation education for emergency management comprising knowledge lecture, team learning, skill education, team simulation, and debriefing was developed and implemented from Feb. 14 to 27, 2015. Data were analyzed with percentage, average, and standard deviation, chi-square, and t-test using SPSS. Results: The experimental group showed significantly higher knowledge (t=5.81, p<.001), clinical skill performance (t=10.08, p<.001), self-confidence (t=-6.24, p<.001), critical thinking disposition (t=2.42, p=.019), and learning satisfaction (t=4.21, p<.001) for emergency management compared with the control group who had traditional lecture education. Conclusion: The results indicate that a simulation education using a low-fidelity simulator is an efficient teaching method for new nurses to deepen their clinical skill performance, self-confidence, knowledge, learning satisfaction, and critical thinking disposition in learning emergency management.
Predictors of Emotional Labor and Resilience on Clinical Competency in Nursing Students
Authors: Park Eun Mi , Song Yeoungsuk
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors of emotional labor and resilience on clinical competence in nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was distributed to 120 nursing students. Structured questionnaires addressing emotional labor, resilience, and clinical competence were employed. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 116 surveys were analyzed. Satisfaction of clinical practice and major showed statistically significant differences in clinical competence (F=6.59, p=.002; F=11.32, p<.001, respectively). Clinical competence was positively associated with resilience (r=.67, p<.001). Regression analyses showed that satisfaction of clinical practice and major, and resilience were statistically significant in predicting clinical competence with the explanatory power of 46.4% (F=20.91, p<.001). Conclusion: The results showed that resilience was the critical predictor of clinical competence in nursing students. It is therefore necessary to develop resilience programs to help improve clinical competence in nursing students.
A Review for Concept Clarification of Critical Thinking, Clinical Reasoning, and Clinical Judgment in Nursing Education
Authors: Lee Dongsuk , Park Jiyeon
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This article is a comprehensive review for concept clarification of critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgment, which still lack a consensus and are of mixed use. Methods: Norris's method of concept clarification was used to review concepts that have no clear definition or conceptualization yet. Results: This review summarized literature from various disciplines, classified each concept based on similarities and differences, and provided hypothetic conceptual schema. Conclusion: Clinical reasoning and clinical judgment are clinical situation specific concepts, while critical thinking is a concept applied in general situations. Critical thinking is a broader concept and serves as a foundation for clinical reasoning and clinical judgment. Clinical reasoning precedes clinical judgment. Clinical judgement implies the end point or conclusion of clinical reasoning. Each of critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgment is a cognitive and affective process not a psychomotor process. The concept of clinical competency involves action taken after the cognitive processes of clinical reasoning and clinical judgment.
Good Teaching and Desirable Teaching Behaviors Perceived by Nursing Students
Authors: Ko Ilsun , Kim Jinsook , Lee Jungmin
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This purpose of this study was to identify both good teaching and desirable teaching behaviors perceived by nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. A convenience sample of 324 nursing students was selected and they completed self-reported questionnaires from November 1 to December 30, 2015. Results: Among 4 perspectives of good teaching (traditional, systemic, interaction, and constructionism), the traditional perspective was perceived as the highest form of good teaching, while the systemic perspective was perceived as the lowest. Meanwhile, disclosure and clarity were perceived as the highest desirable teaching behaviors. Regardless of students' perspective of good teaching, all 4 perspectives of good teaching were positively related with clarity, enthusiasm, interaction, organization, and disclosure as desirable teaching behaviors independently. Conclusions: Nursing students perceived that the highest perspective of good teaching was the traditional perspective. Meanwhile, they perceived that clarity, enthusiasm, interaction, organization, and disclosure were desirable teaching behaviors regardless of their perspective of good teaching. Further study will be needed to perceive nursing faculty's awareness of good teaching and desirable teaching behaviors to identify the difference of awareness between nursing students and faculty.
Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (K-PTSD) Measuring Attitudes and Knowledge of PTSD
Authors: Bang Kyung-sook , Bang Hwal , Hong Sun-Woo , Lim Jihee
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the PTSD scale (K-PTSD) for measuring attitudes and knowledge of PTSD. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The K-PTSD scale consisted of 8 items for attitudes, 8 items for general knowledge of PTSD, and 3 items for knowledge of PTSD treatment; 211 nursing students and paramedic students participated. Content validity, item analysis, and factor analysis were used to examine the construct validity. Criterion validity was tested by using educational experience with PTSD as a criterion. Cronbach's α was used to identify internal consistency reliability in the attitude scale. Results: Construct validity of the K-PTSD was verified by exploratory factor analysis, with factor loadings for attitude ranging from .59 to .84. Criterion validity in comparing knowledge of PTSD (t=2.02, p=.044) and PTSD treatment (t=3.19, p=.022) showed a significant difference according to PTSD educational experience. Cronbach's α for the attitude scale was .79 and .59. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the K-PTSD is a valid and reliable tool that can measure attitudes and knowledge of PTSD among nursing and paramedic students. However, further study is needed to retest the verification of this scale with more diverse participants.
The problem of novelty in legal science: to the question on methodological aspects of studying legal doctrines
Authors: Gorban Vladimir Sergeevich
Published: April 2020

The subject of this research is the problem of interpretation of continuity and novelty in carrying out historical-philosophical and problematic-theoretical reconstructions of legal doctrines of the past and modernity. The absence of due knowledge on the origin, history of acquisition and application of theoretical ideas of the past often leads to significant modifications, distortions and loss of historical linkage within the legal picture of the world. The repetition of legal ideas and theoretical constructs of the past is natural, but firstly it can and should be viewed as a methodological prerequisite for searching of approaches and means to substantiate the interests to certain aspects of law, and secondly, for ensuring scientific value of modern research, it must be clarified not by the conventionality of scientific knowledge, but based on the reconstruction of origin, application and valid meaning and designation of ideas. The methodology leans on the comparative analysis of legal ideas of the past and modernity in synchronic and diachronic angle. The novelty of the conducted research consists in interpretation of the problem of novelty in legal science based on the requirement for preservation of continuity in terms of their historical-philosophical and problematic-theoretical reconstruction. At the same time, such requirement reveals in a number of specific reconstructions and examples of utilization of methodological approaches for their conduct.
Reimagining Reproductive Rights: Studying Invisible Subjects, Principles, and Structures of Transnational Reproductive Health Law
Authors: Krajewska Atina
Published: April 2020

According to different estimates, each year up to 15 million patients worldwide cross national borders to seek medical treatment. For many, reproductive travel offers the only opportunity to receive health services, which are unaffordable, unavailable, or illegal in their home countries.
These patients include gay couples or single women, who are not eligible for fertility treatment, or persons who have restricted access to abortion services. The rapid expansion of cross-border reproductive services poses serious challenges. While specific international norms governing cross-border
healthcare remain scarce, many non-state actors, including medical associations, assume regulatory and law-making functions. Consequently, the multiple sets of overlapping rules concerning medical liability, parenthood, or citizenship are often impenetrable. Patients often find themselves
in extremely vulnerable legal positions, without sufficient remedy and appropriate legal protection.
 This article offers a new lens to analyse the processes that shape transnational reproductive health law (TRHL). It suggests that scholars should focus on developing a coherent conceptual
framework that captures not only the traditional 'top-down' law-making processes, such as international law making and diffusion, but also the horizontal and bottom-up formation of transnational reproductive health law. It suggests that future research should examine how TRHL is slowly and
latently developing a constitutional order comprising common rules and higher-ranked norms, which are formed at the national, supranational, and international level across the globe. The article focuses on abortion and assisted reproduction as the two most representative and contentious aspects
of TRHL. It is different from a typical academic article in that it has a programmatic character. It focuses primarily on setting out a detailed intellectual agenda that can help reimagine the role and nature of transnational health law in the future.
Alkaline hydrolysis of P(VAc‐co‐MMA) particles for vascular embolization procedures
Authors: Azevedo Gustavo Dias , Pinto José Carlos
Published: April 2020

Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)‐based particles are used in medical and biomedical applications, including vascular embolization (VE) procedures. However, to render the technique safer and reproducible, the hydrolysis of the microbeads must be performed in some applications in order to control the hydrophilicity of the material. For this reason, in the present work the alkaline hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐methyl methacrylate)—P(VAc‐co‐MMA)—microbeads is investigated. The hydrolytic conversions of PVAc and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMMA) chains were evaluated in terms of the concentrations of methanol and acetate ions present in the reaction media, since these chemicals are by‐products of alkaline hydrolyses of the ester groups of the polymers. It was observed that all investigated variables (temperature, time, and alkaline concentration) exert important effects on the final extents of hydrolysis, although the occurrence of nonlinear synergetic effects imposes the use of multivariable statistical analyses for proper characterization of variable effects. Besides, given the heterogeneous nature of the reaction system and the higher resistance to hydrolysis offered by PMMA segments, the overall hydrolytic conversions of the microbeads were low, as required in VE procedures. Finally, hydrolyses of P(VAc‐co‐MMA) chains can also lead to cleavage of polymer chains, as confirmed by reduction of average molar masses of the analyzed materials.
Improved method for the total synthesis of thiofentanyl
Authors: Taghizadeh M. J. , Hosseini S. J. , Moosavi S. M. , Parsa H.
Published: April 2020

Thiofentanyl is a potent analgesic and anesthetic drug that belongs to the microreceptor agonist group and is mainly used in animal's anesthesia. We present an optimized synthesis route for synthesis of thiofentanyl using nanocatalysts such as MCM‐41‐SO3H and SBA‐15‐Ph‐PrSO3H as green, heterogeneous and recyclable catalysts according to the strategy. The intermediate 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl) ethyl methanesulfonate (1) easily obtained after conversion of the alcohol functional group into the mesylate leaving group using methanesulfonyl chloride (97% yield). The alkylation of commercially available 4‐piperidone monohydrate hydrochloride with 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl) ethyl methanesulfonate in the presence of phase transfer catalyst was then carried out giving N‐[2‐(2‐thienyl) ethyl]‐4‐piperidone (2) with 90% yield. N‐[2‐(2‐thienyl)ethyl]‐4‐piperidone was then reacted with aniline in the presence of MCM‐41‐SO3H catalyst giving the imine derivative which reduced with sodium triacetoxyborohydride to N‐phenyl‐1‐(2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethyl) piperidine‐4‐amine (ANTP) (4) with 80% yield. ANTP was finally acylated using propionyl chloride to achieve thiofentanyl (5) with 90% yield. High yields, mild reaction conditions, decreased reaction times, and convenient workup were the advantages of this method compared to the previous work.