bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exodontia de supranumerário - relato de caso clínico
Authors: Pontes Ana Beatriz Vilhena , Godinho Larissa da Silva , Souza Gabriel Catunda de , Meira Gabriela de Figueiredo
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: O presente estudo relata um caso clínico de exodontia supranumerário entre os elementos 23 e 24.  Metodologia: Trata-se de um relato de caso clínico de cunho analítico descritivo (Pereira et al., 2018), realizado na clínica odontológica do CEUNI-Fametro, na disciplina de estágio supervisionado em Clínica Integrada II. Relato de caso clínico: Paciente do sexo masculino, 23 anos de idade, chegou na clínica odontológica do CEUNI Fametro, com a queixa principal “extrair meu supranumerário”, com finalidade ortodôntica. Durante a anamnese o mesmo relata que o elemento está na região da maxila, entre o canino e o primeiro pré molar. O paciente relata não ter nenhuma sintomatologia presente, o mesmo informa não ter alergia a medicamentos e nenhuma alteração sistêmica que pudessem contraindicar uma intervenção cirúrgica. No decorrer do exame clínico intra e extra oral não foi observada nenhuma alteração, com isso, foram solicitados alguns exames complementares de imagem como: radiografia panorâmica, periapical e tomografia computadorizada. Considerações finais: o planejamento cirúrgico para a extração desta anomalia congênita foi a escolha mais correta para evitar alinhamentos dentários, rotação dos elementos adjacentes ou desenvolvimentos císticos. Portanto, nos dando um excelente prognostico para assim seguir com o tratamento ortodôntico.
Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de 10 anos de idade em um município do sul do Brasil
Authors: Ghizzo Filho João , Traebert Eliane , Nazário Nazaré Otília , Flôres Altaiana Portella da Rosa , Gazzoni Maria Vitória , Traebert Jefferson
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de 10 anos de idade em um município do sul do Brasil e explorar eventual associação com sexo e tipo de escola. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico de delineamento transversal alinhado a um estudo de coorte que incluiu 942 escolares com idade de 10 anos matriculados em escolas públicas e privadas de famílias residentes em Palhoça, SC. Foram coletados peso e altura. Calculou-se o índice de massa corpórea analisado por meio do escore Z. O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado para analisar a associação entre variáveis estudadas. Resultados: A taxa de prevalência do excesso de peso foi de 39,5%, sendo 22,8% de sobrepeso, 14,3% de obesidade e 2,4% de obesidade grave. As taxas de prevalência da obesidade e da obesidade grave foram estatisticamente maiores no sexo masculino. Conclusão: As taxas de prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade na população estudada foram elevadas, sendo maiores em escolares do sexo masculino.
Práticas de sustentabilidade a partir de uma visão Bourdiusiana
Authors: Santos Antônio José dos , Fernandes Sandra Beatriz Vicenci , Biolchi Danieli de Oliveira , Mueller Airton Adelar , Brizolla Maria Margarete Baccin
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho teve como tema as práticas de sustentabilidade a partir de uma visão Bourdiusiana. A metodologia adotada na formulação deste trabalho foi baseada em pesquisas bibliográficas, através de consultas a livros, revistas, pesquisa de manuais, tratados, artigos publicados na internet. A pesquisa bibliográfica procura explicar e discutir um tema com base em referências teóricas publicadas em livros, revistas, periódicos e outros. Assim, o objetivo geral busca analisar como ocorre a organização do desenvolvimento sustentável a partir da realidade dos ribeirinhos da região amazônica. Os objetivos específicos buscam descrever a visão Bourdiusiana sobre sustentabilidade, definir o que é desenvolvimento sustentável e sua presença na sociedade, apresentar a prática agrícola familiar de ribeirinho da Amazônia disponibilizada na literatura e por fim, compreender a partir de um estudo de caso a prática do desenvolvimento sustentável por ribeirinhos da região amazônica em suas práticas agrícolas. Os resultados indicam que a agricultura familiar sustentável vem contribuindo de maneira impar no desenvolvimento das economias locais, em especial em municípios com grandes demandas produtivas e que veem a agricultura familiar como fonte de renda para a movimentação de suas atividades econômicas. Por fim, o presente trabalho deixa o tema em aberto, propondo que no futuro se realize uma nova pesquisa afim de contextualizar os assuntos e estudo de campo aqui apresentado, dando continuidade no assunto abordado.
Lógica fuzzy aplicada ao pré-tratamento do capim-elefante: uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática
Authors: Godinho Emmanuel Zullo , Caneppele Fernando de Lima
Published: November 2021

A economia global é diretamente dependente dos combustíveis fósseis, consumindo um total de aproximadamente 70% destas fontes de energia. Contudo, as energias renováveis, principalmente os biocombustíveis produzidos pela biomassa estão ganhando espaço, com destaque para o capim-elefante, que vem se destacando na produção de bioetanol no Brasil. No entanto, antes de ocorrer a fermentação para a produção do bioetanol, a biomassa deverá passar por um processo chamado de pré-tratamento. Por isso, quando se analisa os processos químicos, a otimização nas variáveis para o pré-tratamento é fundamental, assim surge a necessidade de aplicar um sistema de modelagem matemática como a lógica nebulosa ou fuzzy. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo desse artigo é identificar como está configurado o estado do conhecimento sobre a aplicação da lógica fuzzy no pré-tratamento alcalino no capim-elefante. Com a realização da pesquisa utilizando a Revisão Bibliográfica Sistêmica (RBS), foi possível identificar diversas oportunidades da aplicação da lógica fuzzy nos pré-tratamentos alcalinos no capim-elefante. Dos 86 documentos analisados nesta pesquisa, 100% foram de artigos de pesquisa e de revisão bibliográfica, o que demonstra uma relevância na academia ao uso do capim-elefante na produção bioetanol e, da mesma forma, que as pesquisas sobre a aplicação de pré-tratamento nas biomassas vem ganhando importância nos últimos anos, sendo cada vez mais estudada e desenvolvida por pesquisadores da área. Apesar de não apresentar nenhum artigo com referência específica da utilização da lógica fuzzy no pré-tratamento alcalino do capim-elefante, isso abre um grande leque para novas pesquisas utilizando a lógica nebulosa.
Penyusunan soal tes bermuatan lower dan higher-order thinking skills pada guru SMP
Authors: Gradini Ega
Published: November 2021

Training for Junior High School’s teacher on constructing LOTS and HOTS questions aims to (1)improve teacher competence on designing lower and higher-order thinking skills assessment; and (2)provide teachers with an understanding of the formulation of successful test questions and the evaluation criteria set by the Ministry of Education and Culture. The training was given to 31 teachers of SMP IT Cendikia Takengon in stages; (1) pre-training observations; (2) tutorial and practice; (3) assistance; and (4) evaluation. The training conducted on August 14  to October 20, 2020. Based on the results of evaluation and reflection, it is found that; (1) teachers were able to write questions, both multiple-choice and essays questions, following the principles of writing questions; (2) teachers were able to understand and distinguish between cognitive levels (levels 1,2 and 3) and cognitive dimension (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6); (4) teachers generally have been able to compile HOTS questions although some teachers still have difficulty designing HOTS questions; (5) Teachers understand that HOTS questions are not difficult questions, but level 3 questions that involve reasoning; and (6) teachers understand that structured and non-structured test if properly designed have the potential to measure both lower and higher-order thinking skills.
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Review of Pathological Mechanisms, Diagnosis, Clinical Management, and Treatment
Authors: Mandel Victor Desmond , Alicandro Tatiana , Pepe Patrizia , Bonzano Laura , Guanti Mario Bruno , Andreone Pietro , Pellacani Giovanni
Published: November 2021

Urticaria is a poorly understood and underestimated clinical condition characterised by the sudden onset of itchy wheals and/or angioedema, which usually resolve within 24 and 72 hours, respectively. It is generally classified as being acute (lasting <6 weeks) or chronic (continuous or intermittent for ≥6 weeks). Chronic urticaria can be further classified as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and chronic inducible urticaria, appearing in response to specific eliciting factors, such as heat, cold, or sun exposure, or following the application of pressure. Scientific advances have been made in the understanding of pathological mechanisms and treatment, especially associated with CSU. The exact pathological mechanism of how urticaria develops is still not yet fully understood, but the clinical implications on the patients’ quality of life are severe and have been associated with mental disorders and metabolic diseases. The diagnosis of urticaria is based on medical history and clinical manifestations. The treatment pathway begins with the administration of second-generation, nonsedating, nonimpairing histamine 1 receptor antihistamines and, in case of nonresponse, with new-generation biological drugs. The current review presents an update of the pathological mechanisms, diagnosis, clinical management, and treatment of CSU. It also focusses on the future implications of new-generation drugs and their effects on the clinical practice.
The Riemann Hypothesis Is Possibly True
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: November 2021

In mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part $\frac{1}{2}$. The Riemann hypothesis belongs to the David Hilbert's list of 23 unsolved problems and it is one of the Clay Mathematics Institute's Millennium Prize Problems. The Robin criterion states that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\sigma(n)< e^{\gamma } \times n \times \log \log n$ holds for all natural numbers $n> 5040$, where $\sigma(x)$ is the sum-of-divisors function and $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. The Nicolas criterion states that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\prod_{q \leq q_{n}} \frac{q}{q-1} > e^{\gamma} \times \log\theta(q_{n})$ is satisfied for all primes $q_{n}> 2$, where $\theta(x)$ is the Chebyshev function. Using both inequalities, we show that the Riemann hypothesis is possibly true.
Improving the Efficacy of Deep-Learning Models for Heart Beat Detection on Heterogeneous Datasets
Authors: Bizzego Andrea , Gabrieli Giulio , Neoh Michelle Jin Yee , Esposito Gianluca
Published: November 2021

Deep learning (DL) has greatly contributed to bioelectric signal processing, in particular to extract physiological markers. However, the efficacy and applicability of the results proposed in the literature is often constrained to the population represented by the data used to train the models. In this study, we investigate the issues related to applying a DL model on heterogeneous datasets. In particular, by focusing on heart beat detection from electrocardiogram signals (ECG), we show that the performance of a model trained on data from healthy subjects decreases when applied to patients with cardiac conditions and to signals collected with different devices. We then evaluate the use of transfer learning (TL) to adapt the model to the different datasets. In particular, we show that the classification performance is improved, even with datasets with a small sample size. These results suggest that a greater effort should be made towards the generalizability of DL models applied on bioelectric signals, in particular, by retrieving more representative datasets.
High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Epstein–Barr Virus Coinfection: A Potential Role in Head and Neck Carcinogenesis
Authors: Blanco Rancés , Carrillo-Beltrán Diego , Corvalán Alejandro H. , Aguayo Francisco
Published: November 2021

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are recognized oncogenic viruses involved in the development of a subset of head and neck cancers (HNCs). HR-HPVs are etiologically associated with a subset of oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPCs), whereas EBV is a recognized etiological agent of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs). In this review, we address epidemiological and mechanistic evidence regarding a potential cooperation between HR-HPV and EBV for HNC development. Considering that: (1) both HR-HPV and EBV infections require cofactors for carcinogenesis; and (2) both oropharyngeal and oral epithelium can be directly exposed to carcinogens, such as alcohol or tobacco smoke, we hypothesize possible interaction mechanisms. The epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that HR-HPV/EBV cooperation for developing a subset of HNCs is plausible and warrants further investigation.
Catestatin as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Bozic Josko , Kumric Marko , Ticinovic Kurir Tina , Urlic Hrvoje , Martinovic Dinko , Vilovic Marino , Tomasovic Mrcela Nada , Borovac Josip A.
Published: November 2021

Accounting for almost one-third of the global mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global health issue. Emerging data suggest that most of the well-established mechanistic explanations regarding the cardiovascular pathophysiology are flawed, and cannot fully explain the progression and long-term effects of these diseases. On the other hand, dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has emerged as an important player in the pathophysiology of CVDs. Even though upregulated SNS activity is an essential compensatory response to various stress conditions, in the long term, it becomes a major contributor to both cardiac dysfunction and vascular damage. Despite the fact that the importance of SNS hyperactivity in the setting of CVDs has been well-appreciated, its exact quantification and clinical application in either diagnostics or therapy of CVDs is still out of reach. Nevertheless, in recent years a number of novel laboratory biomarkers implicated in the pathophysiology of SNS activation have been explored. Specifically, in this review, we aimed to discuss the role of catestatin, a potent physiological inhibitor of catecholamine spillover that offers cardioprotective effects. Limited data indicate that catestatin could also be a reliable indirect marker of SNS activity and it is likely that high CST levels reflect advanced CV disease burden. Consequently, large-scale studies are required to validate these observations in the upcoming future.
Reduction of Rapid Proliferating Tumour Cell Lines by Inhibition of the Specific Glycine Transporter GLYT1
Authors: Bierhals Christine Garcia , Howard Alison , Hirst Barry H.
Published: November 2021

Studies have highlighted the relevance of extracellular glycine and serine in supporting high growth rates of rapidly proliferating tumours. The present study analysed the role of the specific glycine transporter GLYT1 in supplying glycine to cancer cells and maintaining cell proliferation. GLYT1 knockdown in the rapidly proliferating tumour cell lines A549 and HT29 reduced the number of viable cells by approximately 30% and the replication rate presented a decrease of about 50% when compared to cells transfected with control siRNA. In contrast, when compared to control, GLYT1 siRNA had only a minimal effect on cell number of the slowly proliferating tumour cell line A498, reducing the number of viable cells by 7% and no significant difference was observed when analysing the replication rate between GLYT1 knockdown and control group. When utilising a specific GLYT1 inhibitor, ALX-5407, the doubling time of rapidly proliferating cells increased by about 8 h presenting a significant reduction in the number of viable cells after 96 h treatment when compared to untreated cells. Therefore, these results suggest that GLYT1 is required to maintain high proliferation rates in rapidly proliferating cancer cells and encourage further investigation of GLYT1 as a possible target in a novel therapeutic approach.
TERT Promoter Mutations Increase Sense and Antisense Transcription from the TERT Promoter
Authors: Hafezi François , Jaxel Lisa , Lemaire Morgane , Turner Jonathan D. , Perez-Bercoff Danielle
Published: November 2021

Background: Chief among mechanisms of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) reactivation is the appearance of mutations in the TERT promoter. The two main TERT promoter mutations are C>T transitions located −146C>T and −124C>T upstream from the translational start site. They generate a novel Ets/TCF binding site. Both mutations are mutually exclusive and −124C>T is strikingly overrepresented in most cancers. We investigated whether this mutational bias and mutual exclusion could be due to transcriptional constraints. Methods: We compared sense and antisense transcription of a panel of TERT promoter-luciferase vectors harboring the −124C>T and -146C>T mutations alone or together. lncRNA TAPAS levels were measured by RT-PCR. Results: Both mutations generally increased TERT transcription by 2–4-fold regardless of upstream and downstream regulatory elements. The double mutant increased transcription in an additive fashion, arguing against a direct transcriptional constraint. The −146C>T mutation, alone or in combination with −124C>T, also unleashed antisense transcription. In line with this finding, lncRNA TAPAS was higher in cells with mutated TERT promoter (T98G and U87) than in cells with wild-type promoter, suggesting that lncRNA TAPAS may balance the effect of TERT promoter mutations. Conclusions: −146C>T and −124C>T TERT promoter mutations increase TERT sense and antisense transcription, and the double mutant features higher transcription levels. Increased antisense transcription may contain TERT expression within sustainable levels.
Vasomotor Dysfunction in Patients with Ischemia and Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Abouelnour Amr , Gori Tommaso
Published: November 2021

Many patients who present with symptoms or objective evidence of ischemia have no or non-physiologically-significant disease on invasive coronary angiography. The diagnosis of ischemic heart disease is thus often dismissed, and patients receive false reassurance or other diagnoses are pursued. We now know that a significant proportion of these patients have coronary microvascular dysfunction and/or vasospastic disease as the underlying pathophysiology of their clinical presentation. Making the correct diagnosis of such abnormalities is important not only because they impact the quality of life, with recurring symptoms and unnecessary repeated testing, but also because they increase the risk for adverse cardiovascular events. The mainstay of diagnosis remains an invasive comprehensive physiologic assessment, which further allows stratifying these patients into appropriate “endotypes”. It has been shown that tailoring treatment to the patient’s assigned endotype improves symptoms and quality of life. In addition to the conventional drugs used in chronic stable angina, multiple newer agents are being investigated. Moreover, innovative non-pharmacologic and interventional therapies are emerging to provide a bail-out in refractory cases. Many of these novel therapies fail to show consistent benefits, but others show quite promising results.
Exploring the Gamut of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases for Their Promise in the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Bhave Sayali , Ho Han Kiat
Published: November 2021

Recently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a predominant health concern affecting approximately a quarter of the world’s population. NAFLD is a spectrum of liver ailments arising from nascent lipid accumulation and leading to inflammation, fibrosis or even carcinogenesis. Despite its prevalence and severity, no targeted pharmacological intervention is approved to date. Thus, it is imperative to identify suitable drug targets critical to the development and progression of NAFLD. In this quest, a ray of hope is nestled within a group of proteins, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), as targets to contain or even reverse NAFLD. RTKs control numerous vital biological processes and their selective expression and activity in specific diseases have rendered them useful as drug targets. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in characterizing the role of RTKs in NAFLD progression and qualify their suitability as pharmacological targets. Available data suggests inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, AXL, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor, and activation of cellular mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 could pave the way for novel NAFLD therapeutics. Thus, it is important to characterize these RTKs for target validation and proof-of-concept through clinical trials.
Carotid Arterial Stiffness and Cardiometabolic Profiles in Women with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Kim Yunkyung , Kim Geun-Tae , Kang Jihun
Published: November 2021

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the association between FM and cardiometabolic risk factors and carotid arterial stiffness in FM patients. Methods: The cardiometabolic risk profile was defined based on the Adult Treatment Panel III panel. Carotid intimal media thickness (cIMT) and arterial stiffness were assessed using high-resolution ultrasonography. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to estimate the association between FM and cardiometabolic risk factors. We used a general linear regression to compare the cIMT and carotid beta-index between the participants with and without FM. Pearson’s coefficient was calculated to evaluate the potential correlation between cardiometabolic risk profiles, cIMT, and arterial stiffening in FM. Results: FM participants showed a higher risk of central obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49, 6.91), high triglyceride (OR = 4.73, 95% CI 2.29, 9.79), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (OR = 4.27, 95% CI 2.07, 8.81) compared to the control group. The FM group exhibited higher beta-index values than the control group (p = 0.003). Although IFG and triglyceride glucose index showed a tendency to correlate with the beta-index, statistical significance was not observed. Conclusions: FM was associated with an increased risk of central obesity, high triglyceride levels, and IFG. Furthermore, advanced arterial stiffness of the carotid artery was observed in FM, which might be correlated with insulin resistance.
Contribution of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Drug Discovery for Neurological Disorders
Authors: Benchoua Alexandra , Lasbareilles Marie , Tournois Johana
Published: November 2021

One of the major obstacles to the identification of therapeutic interventions for central nervous system disorders has been the difficulty in studying the step-by-step progression of diseases in neuronal networks that are amenable to drug screening. Recent advances in the field of human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) biology offers the capability to create patient-specific human neurons with defined clinical profiles using reprogramming technology, which provides unprecedented opportunities for both the investigation of pathogenic mechanisms of brain disorders and the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies via drug screening. Many examples not only of the creation of human pluripotent stem cells as models of monogenic neurological disorders, but also of more challenging cases of complex multifactorial disorders now exist. Here, we review the state-of-the art brain cell types obtainable from PSCs and amenable to compound-screening formats. We then provide examples illustrating how these models contribute to the definition of new molecular or functional targets for drug discovery and to the design of novel pharmacological approaches for rare genetic disorders, as well as frequent neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis as Initial Presentation of Malignancy in Pediatric Patients: Rare but Not to Be Ignored
Authors: Han Hye-ji , Hong Kyung Taek , Park Hyun Jin , Kim Bo Kyung , An Hong Yul , Choi Jung Yoon , Kang Hyoung Jin
Published: November 2021

It is complicated to establish a consensus on the management and diagnosis of malignancy-triggered hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (M-HLH) in children, as an initial presentation of malignancy is complicated. In this paper, we analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of eight pediatric patients in which M-HLH was the initial presentation of malignancy. All patients had hematologic malignancies: three subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphomas, two acute lymphoblastic leukemias, two anaplastic large cell lymphomas, and a systemic EBV + T-cell lymphoma of childhood. The incidence rate of M-HLH among leukemia and malignant lymphoma patients in our institution was 1.9%. From the initial diagnosis of HLH, the median time taken to be diagnosed as a malignancy was about 1.3 months. The majority of patients received HLH-targeted immunosuppression and/or etoposide at first. The patients’ clinical response to treatment for HLH and malignancies were varied. Five out of the eight patients died, one of whom died due to HLH-related cerebral edema after the initiation of chemotherapy. The median overall survival was 1.6 years. In order to improve the survival rate, the early detection of M-HLH, rapid screening for malignancy, and complete control of M-HLH with HLH-directed therapy followed by a thorough response monitoring are required.
Association of Blood Mercury Levels with the Risks of Overweight and High Waist-to-Height Ratio in Children and Adolescents: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Cho Ky Young
Published: November 2021

A previous study in adults demonstrated the substantial role of mercury exposure in the development of overweight and obesity. Although children and adolescents are more susceptible to the toxic effects of mercury than adults, studies on the association of overweight and obesity with mercury exposure is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association of blood mercury levels with the body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as obesity indices in Korean children and adolescents. The analyzed cross-sectional data were obtained from 1327 participants (age: 10–18 years; 672 male and 655 female) who completed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2013. The covariates included sociodemographic factors (age, sex, and household income), dietary factors (fish, shellfish, and seaweed consumption), lifestyle factors (alcohol consumption, smoking status, and exercise), and blood hematocrit levels. The adjusted geometric mean blood mercury level was 2.19 µg/L, and the level of mercury was significantly higher in the overweight (BMI ≥ 85th gender and age-specific percentiles) and high WHtR (cutoff: ≥0.5) groups than in the normal group. In all the participants, the blood mercury levels were significantly positively associated with the BMI and WHtR after adjusting for all covariates (p < 0.05). All the participants in the highest blood mercury level quartile were at a higher risk for overweight and a high WHtR than those in the lowest quartile after adjusting for all covariates (p < 0.05). Our study suggests a significant association between mercury exposure and the risks of overweight and high WHtR in Korean children and adolescents.
Development of an Artificial Intelligence System for the Automatic Evaluation of Cervical Vertebral Maturation Status
Authors: Zhou Jing , Zhou Hong , Pu Lingling , Gao Yanzi , Tang Ziwei , Yang Yi , You Meng , Yang Zheng , Lai Wenli , Long Hu
Published: November 2021

Background: Cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) is widely used to evaluate growth potential in the field of orthodontics. This study is aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system to automatically determine the CVM status and evaluate the AI performance. Methods: A total of 1080 cephalometric radiographs, with the age of patients ranging from 6 to 22 years old, were included in the dataset (980 in training dataset and 100 in testing dataset). Two reference points and thirteen anatomical points were labelled and the cervical vertebral maturation staging (CS) was assessed by human examiners as gold standard. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was built to train on 980 images and to test on 100 images. Statistical analysis was conducted to detect labelling differences between AI and human examiners, AI performance was also evaluated. Results: The mean labelling error between human examiners was 0.48 ± 0.12 mm. The mean labelling error between AI and human examiners was 0.36 ± 0.09 mm. In general, the agreement between AI results and the gold standard was good, with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value being up to 98%. Moreover, the accuracy of CVM staging was 71%. In terms of F1 score, CS6 stage (85%) ranked the highest accuracy. Conclusions: In this study, AI showed a good agreement with human examiners, being a useful and reliable tool in assessing the cervical vertebral maturation.
Myofascial Treatment for Microcirculation in Patients with Postural Neck and Shoulder Pain
Authors: Bau Jian-Guo , Wu Shyi-Kuen , Huang Bo-Wen , Lin Tony Tung-Liang , Huang Shih-Chung
Published: November 2021

Vascular impairment is a crucial factor associated with chronic muscle pain, but relevant research from the microcirculatory aspect is lacking. Here, we investigated the differences in neck muscle microcirculation detected through laser-doppler flowmetry (LDF) and cervical biomechanics by a videofluoroscopic image in asymptomatic participants and patients with postural neck and shoulder pain. To understand the mechanism behind the effect of myofascial treatment, transverse friction massage (TFM) was applied and the immediate effects of muscular intervention on microcirculation were monitored. In total, 16 asymptomatic participants and 22 patients (mean age = 26.3 ± 2.4 and 25.4 ± 3.2 years, respectively) were recruited. Their neck muscle microcirculation and spinal image sequence were assessed. The differences in the baseline blood flow between the asymptomatic and patient groups were nonsignificant. However, the standard deviations in the measurements of the upper trapezius muscle in the patients were significantly larger (p < 0.05). Regarding the TFM-induced responses of skin microcirculation, the blood flow ratio was significantly higher in the patients than in the asymptomatic participants (p < 0.05). In conclusion, postintervention hyperemia determined through noninvasive LDF may be an indicator for the understanding of the mechanism underlying massage therapies and the design of interventions for postural pain.
Shock Structures Using the OBurnett Equations in Combination with the Holian Conjecture
Authors: Jadhav Ravi Sudam , Agrawal Amit
Published: November 2021

In the present work, we study the normal shock wave flow problem using a combination of the OBurnett equations and the Holian conjecture. The numerical results of the OBurnett equations for normal shocks established several fundamental aspects of the equations such as the thermodynamic consistency of the equations, and the existence of the heteroclinic trajectory and smooth shock structures at all Mach numbers. The shock profiles for the hydrodynamic field variables were found to be in quantitative agreement with the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) results in the upstream region, whereas further improvement was desirable in the downstream region of the shock. For the discrepancy in the downstream region, we conjecture that the viscosity–temperature relation (μ∝Tφ) needs to be modified in order to achieve increased dissipation and thereby achieve better agreement with the benchmark results in the downstream region. In this respect, we examine the Holian conjecture (HC), wherein transport coefficients (absolute viscosity and thermal conductivity) are evaluated using the temperature in the direction of shock propagation rather than the average temperature. The results of the modified theory (OBurnett + HC) are compared against the benchmark results and we find that the modified theory improves upon the OBurnett results, especially in the case of the heat flux shock profile. We find that the accuracy gain is marginal at lower Mach numbers, while the shock profiles are described better using the modified theory for the case of strong shocks.
Association of Maternal Observation and Motivation (MOM) Program with m-Health Support on Maternal and Newborn Health
Authors: Paulsamy Premalatha , Easwaran Vigneshwaran , Ashraf Rizwan , Alshahrani Shadia Hamoud , Venkatesan Krishnaraju , Qureshi Absar Ahmed , Arrab Mervat Moustafa , Prabahar Kousalya , Periannan Kalaiselvi , Vasudevan Rajalakshimi , Kandasamy Geetha , Chidambaram Kumarappan , Pappiya Ester Mary , Venkatesan Kumar , Manoharan Vani
Published: November 2021

Maternal and child nutrition has been a critical component of health, sustainable development, and progress in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). While a decrement in maternal mortality is an important indicator, simply surviving pregnancy and childbirth does not imply better maternal health. One of the fundamental obligations of nations under international human rights law is to enable women to endure pregnancy and delivery as an aspect of their enjoyment of reproductive and sexual health and rights and to live a dignified life. The aim of this study was to discover the correlation between the Maternal Observation and Motivation (MOM) program and m-Health support for maternal and newborn health. A comparative study was done among 196 pregnant mothers (study group—94; control group—102 mothers) with not less than 20 weeks of gestation. Maternal outcomes such as Hb and weight gain and newborn results such as birth weight and crown–heel length were obtained at baseline and at 28 and 36 weeks of gestation. Other secondary data collected were abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, major congenital malformations, twin or triplet pregnancies, physical activity, and maternal well-being. The MOM intervention included initial face-to-face education, three in-person visits, and eight virtual health coaching sessions via WhatsApp. The baseline data on Hb of the mothers show that 31 (32.98%) vs. 27 (28.72%) mothers in the study and control group, respectively, had anemia, which improved to 27.66% and 14.98% among study group mothers at 28 and 36 weeks of gestation (p < 0.001). The weight gain (p < 0.001), level of physical activity (p < 0.001), and maternal well-being (p < 0.01) also had significant differences after the intervention. Even after controlling for potentially confounding variables, the maternal food practices regression model revealed that birth weight was directly correlated with the consumption of milk (p < 0.001), fruits (p < 0.01), and green vegetables (p < 0.05). As per the physical activity and maternal well-being regression model, the birth weight and crown–heel length were strongly related with the physical activity and maternal well-being of mothers at 36 weeks of gestation (p < 0.05). Combining the MOM intervention with standard antenatal care is a safe and effective way to improve maternal welfare while upholding pregnant mothers’ human rights.
Normative Static Grip Strength of Saudi Arabia’s Population and Influences of Numerous Factors on Grip Strength
Authors: Alrashdan Abdalla , Ghaleb Atef M. , Almobarek Malek
Published: November 2021

Most daily tasks require exerting static grip strength which can be challenging for the elderly as their strength diminishes with age. Moreover, normative static grip strength data are important in ergonomics and clinical settings. The goal of this study is to present the gender, age-specific, hand-specific, and body-mass-index-specific handgrip strength reference of Saudi males and females in order to describe the population’s occupational demand and to compare them with the international standards. The secondary objective is to investigate the effects of gender, age group, hand area, and body mass index on the grip strength. A sample of 297 (146 male and 151 female) volunteers aged between 18 and 70 with different occupations participated in the study. Grip strength data were collected using a Jamar dynamometer with standard test position, protocol, and instructions. The mean maximum voluntary grip strength values for males were 38.71 kg and 22.01 kg, respectively. There was a curvilinear relationship of grip strength to age; significant differences between genders, hand area, and some age groups; and a correlation to hand dimensions depending on the gender.
Prediction and analysis of sound field in long enclosures with a modal-based method
Authors: Jiang Changyong , Liu Xiang , Xu Stephany Y. , Zhang Shangyu
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the efficacy of porous ceiling treatment to reduce noise levels inside a typical tunnel is examined with a validated modal-based prediction method. It is found that, for a point source, the effect of increasing porous ceiling thickness on sound pressure level (SPL) attenuation
along the tunnel is limited. A porous ceiling with thickness of 0.3 m is comparable with an infinite porous ceiling in middle and high frequency ranges. For a line source, the effect of ceiling thickness on SPL reduc- tion in this typical tunnel is limited. Sound pressure level reduction of
4 dBA is real- ized with 0.3 m porous ceiling, which is the same as infinite ceiling and only 1 dBA smaller than the theoretically optimized value. These results suggest that, in the event only ceiling treatment is considered, 0.3 m porous material is sufficient for noise re- duction in this
typical tunnel.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ACOUSTICS OF TEMPLE BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES BASED ON THE PARAMETER MEASURE OF HEIGHT
Authors: Ch.A. SCHIRJETSKY1 Ch.A.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, based on the analysis of the results of field surveys of the acoustics of canonical prayer halls of the Orthodox and Muslim confessions, a proposal for an objective assessment of the specific sense of sacredness of religious events is developed. A new parameter for assessing this feeling is presented-the so - called "height measure" of the perception of the sound of the temple, with the method of its calculation and measurement. The relationship of this parameter with the known volume criteria of echo formations is estimated, depending on the geometry of the church (first of all, on the height of the main dome) and the signal-to-noise ratio for the characteristic areas of the parishioners 'accommodation.
Pensamentos em fronteiras: que lições tirar nos processos de alfabetização africanos à luz das concepções de Paulo Freire?
Authors: Sousa Cirlene Cristina de , Lopes José de Sousa Miguel
Published: November 2021

O texto apoia-se numa pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico sobre as fronteiras do pensamento de Paulo Freire e seus encontros com a África a partir de várias de suas obras. Inicialmente, são abordadas as condições políticas e ideológicas que levaram Paulo Freire a ser preso pela ditadura de 1964 no Brasil, em virtude de suas propostas educativas revolucionárias. Sua ida para o exílio no Chile, onde publicou sua obra mais famosa “Pedagogia do Oprimido”, acabou levando Freire a se envolver nas lutas de outros povos latino-americanos e africanos. No caso específico do continente africano, suas experiências remodelaram sua pedagogia e sua prática como educador. O artigo está dividido em duas partes, a saber: na primeira, trabalha-se o sentido da alfabetização freireana no seu encontro com a África. Na segunda, traça-se um pequeno histórico dos desafios e conquistas desse encontro. Finalmente, nota-se que a educação de Paulo Freire, por seu caráter político e emancipador, influenciou as políticas educacionais de países africanos que se tornaram independentes. Na conclusão, enfatiza-se que é legítimo afirmar que as “falas” de Paulo Freire se misturam com as experiências por ele vividas na África, pois não é difícil perceber marcas africanas no seu modo de ser, estar, fazer e conviver. Entender Paulo Freire como intelectual de fronteira significa dizer que seu pensamento vem se alterando em função do tempo e do contexto histórico que se encontra inserido. A atualidade do seu pensamento não se restringe a fronteiras sociais, culturais e políticas. Daí a grandeza de seu legado.
Paulo Freire e Lev Vygotsky: alguns pensamentos e questões sobre essa relação
Authors: Jones Peter
Published: November 2021

O artigo estabelece relações de proximidade e contradições entre as concepções teórico-metodologicas desenvolvidas pelos pensadores Lev Vigostsky e Paulo Freire acerca dos processos de desenvolvimento cognitivo de pessoas adultas.
Freire, presente! Escuta, diálogo e horizontalidade na formação continuada de professores de inglês
Authors: Souza Lediane Manfé de , Baumgartner Carmem Terezinha
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho é um recorte de uma pesquisa etnográfica de doutorado, realizada em um curso de formação continuada para professores de inglês da Educação Básica, ofertado por uma instituição de ensino técnico e tecnológico do estado do Paraná. Neste estudo, foram investigadas reações e ressignificações do conhecimento local (CANAGARAJAH, 2005; NORTON, 2010) de nove professoras e dois professores de língua inglesa durante sua participação no curso. A análise dos dados apresentada neste artigo foi construída com base na observação participante, notas de campo e vinhetas narrativas, próprias da experiência etnográfica vivenciada por uma das autoras, que também desempenhou o papel de professora-formadora. A partir da concepção freireana do diálogo e da escuta, caracterizada pelo princípio da horizontalidade (FREIRE, 1991), o curso foi pensado para dialogar com os professores e problematizar conhecimentos que levassem à ampliação das possibilidades de trabalho nas aulas de língua inglesa, viabilizando a educação linguística em língua estrangeira/adicional por meio do letramento crítico.  Dentre os conhecimentos locais analisados, a própria participação das professoras e professores em cursos de formação continuada mostrou-se passível de ressignificação durante o processo de reflexividade.
A Fisioterapia Aquática no desenvolvimento motor na Artrogripose Múltipla Congênita: um relato de caso
Authors: Alécio Cabanelas Luciana , Braga Douglas Martins
Published: November 2021

Introdução. A Artrogripose múltipla congênita (AMC) é uma doença rara, o prognóstico depende da severidade e do tratamento recebido. Objetivo. Descrever a reabilitação de uma criança com diagnóstico de AMC. Método. Relato de caso retrospectivo, descritivo dos atendimentos realizados no setor de fisioterapia aquática da Associação de Apoio à Criança Deficiente -  Mogi das Cruzes. Resultados. Paciente do sexo feminino iniciou o tratamento no setor aos sete meses de idade e foi desenvolvido um programa de exercícios para a estimulação do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Conclusão. A fisioterapia aquática pode oferecer um ambiente facilitador para crianças com AMC, favorecendo o aprendizado motor.
Euterpe edulis pulp products and your effect on liver and kidney of in vivo model of colorectal cancer: Histopathological analysis / Produtos da polpa de Euterpe edulis e seus efeitos no fígado e nos rins em modelo in vivo de câncer colorretal: Análise histopatológica
Authors: Pinto Flávia Barbosa , Couto Cinthia Vidal Monteiro da Silva , Archanjo Anderson Barros , Oliveira Mayara Mota , Dos Santos Joaquim Gasparini , Oliveira Otávio Pereira , Silva Pollyanna Ibrahim , Boeloni Jankerle Neves , Nunes Louisiane de Carvalho , Da Silva Adriana Madeira Álvares , Trivilin Leonardo Oliveira
Published: November 2021

The objective was to report the injuries on liver and kidney promoted by experimental colorectal carcinogenesis induction in rats and evaluate the effect of supplementation with Euterpe edulis M. pulp products on resolution of this injuries. Colorectal carcinogenesis with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine was induced in young male rats, allocated into: C - induced to carcinogenesis; CJ - induced to carcinogenesis and supplemented with juçara fruit pulp; and CE - induced to carcinogenesis and supplemented with juçara fruit lyophilized extract. Nine animals were a negative control. Supplementation occurred three times a week, totaling 54 days of administration with 1 mg of cyanidin-3-glycoside per kilogram live weight. The hepatic and renal histopathological injuries were assessed at 10 and 23 weeks. In liver, at 10-week biliary hyperplasia was more evident in colorectal cancer induced groups compared to N group (p = 0.0230), as well as megalocytosis (p = 0.0269), and juçara fruit-based product do not promote cytoprotection. At 23-week biliary hyperplasia continued present, and liver necrosis was evident in C group and CJ group. Hepatic degeneration was greater in C group, and megalocytosis was evident in the cancer-induced groups, without cytoprotection by juçara fruit-based product. In kidney, at 23-week, renal congestion was more evident in CJ group, and tubular degeneration in C and CE groups. Important hepatic and renal injuries were observed in rats induced to colorectal cancer and the supplementation with juçara fruit-based product, in the dose used, did not interfere in the prevention and resolution of these injuries, mainly with the chronic use.
Brincando e aprendendo com as aves:um despertar para a conservação – Museu de Ciências Naturais PUC Minas/ Playing and learning with the birds:an awakening for conservation - PUC Minas Natural Science Museum
Authors: Drumond Thais
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho trata da elaboração e da aplicação de um jogo educacional com objetivo de difundir características de aves brasileiras, por meio da apresentação das vocalizações, visualização de imagens e informações sobre os hábitos alimentares de 15 espécies selecionadas que ocorrem no ambiente urbano e na natureza. O jogo se resume a exploradores que percorrem uma trilha passando pelas casas do tabuleiro onde estas estão marcadas por casas especiais. Antes de começar a partida, umobservador por fora do jogo apresenta as 15 espécies de aves, descrevendo seu nome, comportamento e alimentação. Nas casas especiais existem imagens como: nota musical, item alimentar e binóculos. Na maneira que os jogadores param nessas casas, escolhem uma carta de acordo com as imagens e suas ações. Na casa marcada com a imagem do binóculo, o número da carta corresponde ao número da foto da ave e, assim, o jogador que escolher esta deverá identificar seu nome popular. Para a imagem de item alimentar, o jogador deverá identificaro tipo de alimentação da ave correspondente ao número da carta. Já na casa com a nota musical, o número da carta contém a faixa do som e uma dica sobre qual espécie se trata. Assim, o observador apresenta a vocalização para o jogador tentar identificar a espécie. O jogo é finalizado quando o primeiro peão chega ao final da trilha. Este jogo foi criado para inspirar atividades lúdicas durante eventos como dia dos animais e para dinâmicas de colônia de férias no Museu de Ciências Naturais PUC-MG.