bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Efficacy of Combination of Acitretin and Narrow Band Ultraviolet B versus Narrow Band Ultraviolet B Alone in the Treatment of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Qadeer Faiqa , Tariq Hira , Aman Shahbaz
Published: March 2023

Objective: To compare the efficacy of combination of narrow band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) and Acitretin (ReUVB) versus NBUVB alone in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Method: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Dermatology Services Hospital, Lahore from October 2020 to April 2021. After getting approval from Ethical Review Committee, 100 patients of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were enrolled. They were divided into two groups of fifty patients each. Group A patients received both acitretin and NBUVB therapy while group B received NBUVB therapy alone for 8 weeks. PASI 50 was set as the efficacy end point. PASI scores and photographs taken before and after treatment were analysed. Results: Mean age of patients was 34.99 ± 9.28 years. In group A, 46 (92%) patients achieved PASI 50 while in group B, 19 (38%) patients achieved PASI 50. Therefore, the efficacy of combination of acitretin and NBUVB was significantly higher compared to NBUVB alone. Statistically significant effect of age, gender, body mass index and duration of disease was found on efficacy. Conclusion: Narrow band Ultraviolet-B therapy is a useful treatment modality in moderate to severe psoriasis. However, combining it with acitretin can significantly enhance its efficacy. How to cite: Qadeer F, Tariq H, Aman S.. Comparison of Efficacy of Combination of Acitretin and Narrow Band Ultraviolet B versus Narrow Band Ultraviolet B Alone in the Treatment of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis. Esculapio - JSIMS 2022;18(01):6-10.
NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT CỦA UNG THƯ BIỂU MÔ VẨY MÔI
Authors: Nguyễn Quốc Dũng , Lê Văn Quảng , Ma Chính Lâm
Published: March 2023

Ung thư môi (UTM), là vị trí thường gặp nhất trong ung thư biểu mô khoang miệng. Ung thư biểu mô khoang miệng chiếm 30 - 40% các ung thư ở vùng đầu cổ và được xếp ở vị trí thứ 11 trong các ung thư thường gặp. Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu đặc điểm lâm sàng, đánh giá kết quả phẫu thuật của ung thư biểu mô vẩy môi. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang, can thiệp hồi cứu và tiến cứu trên 110 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán là ung  thư môi điều trị tại bệnh viện K. Kết quả và bàn luận: Tuổi trung bình của bệnh nhân là 65,17 tuổi. Tuổi trẻ nhất là 23, già nhất 93, gặp nhiều từ 41- 80 (78,3%). Tỷ lệ nữ/ nam = 1,4. Nông dân chiếm 70%. Hút thuốc + uống rượu tỷ lệ cao nhất 33,6%. Môi dưới gặp nhiều nhất chiếm 60%. Thể sùi gặp nhiều nhất 69,1%. Hạch cổ 15,5%. BN điều trị phẫu thuật đơn thuần (81,9%), Đa phần BN phải sử dụng phương pháp tạo hình bằng vạt xoay để che phủ khuyết hổng chiếm 72,8%, BN phải vét hạch chiếm 25%. BN được phẫu thuật cắt rộng u, đảm bảo diện cắt  98,2%. Đánh giá về mặt phẫu thuật tốt, chiếm 74,5%. Biến chứng sau PT 7 – 10 ngày chiếm 6,3%.
KHẢO SÁT THỰC TRẠNG SỬ DỤNG ĐÊ CAO SU TRÊN LÂM SÀNG CỦA BÁC SỸ RĂNG HÀM MẶT TỐT NGHIỆP ĐẠI HỌC Y HÀ NỘI
Authors: Nguyễn Hà Oanh , Nguyễn Cảnh Đức , Hà Minh Phương , Nguyễn Đức Thăng , Nguyễn Hà Thu , Trần Thị Mỹ Hạnh
Published: March 2023

Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang thực hiện trực tuyến nhằm mô tả thực trạng sử dụng đê cao su trong thực hành lâm sàng của các bác sĩ Răng Hàm Mặt tốt nghiệp từ năm 2017 đến năm 2020 của trường Đại học Y Hà Nội và giải thích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến tần suất sử dụng đê cao su. Đồng thời nhận xét mối tương quan giữa năm tốt nghiệp - sự đổi mới chương trình giáo dục và kiến thức, thái độ, hành vi đối với đê cao su của các bác sĩ. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy: 75.7% bác sĩ đã từng sử dụng đê cao su, nhưng chỉ có 13% các bác sĩ luôn luôn sử dụng trong điều trị. Tỷ lệ sử dụng đê tăng theo năm tốt nghiệp, cao nhất là năm 2020 với 79.5%. Đa số người được hỏi (89,9%) xác nhận rằng nguồn thông tin về đê cao su là từ chương trình giảng dạy đại học, tỷ lệ này tăng theo năm tốt nghiệp (p <0,05). Tuy nhiên chỉ có  39,9% các bác sĩ cảm thấy hài lòng với những gì được dạy.
NHẬN XÉT ĐIỀU TRỊ ÁP XE VÚ SAU SINH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN PHỤ SẢN TRUNG ƯƠNG
Authors: Nguyễn Quảng Bắc , Đoàn Tú Anh
Published: March 2023

Mục tiêu: mô tả kết quả phẫu thuật chích áp xe vú bệnh nhân sau sinh tại Bệnh viên Phụ sản Trung ương. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu mô tả cắt ngang. Kết quả: Bệnh nhân được chích rạch theo đường nan hoa chiếm tỷ lệ 87,0%, bệnh nhân được chích rạch tại vị trí vỡ áp xe chiếm 12,1%. Bệnh nhân có sẹo liền tốt chiếm 89,7%, tỷ lệ tái phát chiếm 3,4%. Bệnh nhân than phiền về thẩm mỹ chiếm 6,9%, bệnh nhân tiếp tục cho con bú cả 2 bên chiếm 95,7%. Tỷ lệ khỏi bệnh 96,6%, tỷ lệ khỏi bệnh của nhóm bệnh nhân liên quan thời gian bị bệnh, đường kính khối áp xe,  đường rạch áp xe vú. Kết luận: Bệnh nhân phẫu thuật chích áp xe vú tỷ lệ khỏi bệnh cao, bệnh nhân tái phát và than phiền về thẩm mỹ thấp.
KHẢO SÁT SỨC CĂNG DỌC TOÀN BỘ THẤT PHẢI BẰNG SIÊU ÂM ĐÁNH DẤU MÔ CƠ TIM 2D Ở BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ VÚ ĐIỀU TRỊ HÓA CHẤT BỔ TRỢ PHÁC ĐỒ AC-TH”
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng , Đinh Thị Thu Hương , Lê Thị Lan Hương
Published: March 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Hóa chất bổ trợ phác đồ AC-TH đã mang lại hiệu quả điều trị tốt cho bệnh nhân  ung thư vú, tuy nhiên cũng gây ra rối loạn chức năng tim ở các bệnh nhân này. Cho đến nay, các nghiên cứu chủ yếu đánh giá rối loạn chức năng thất trái, các hiểu biết về rối loạn chức năng thất phải còn hạn chế. Sử dụng siêu âm đánh dấu mô cơ tim 2D,trong đó đánh giá sức căng dọc toàn bộ thất phải là một chỉ số tin cậy, giúp phát hiện sớm những thay đổi của thất phải, từ đó tăng cường nhận thức trong thực hành lâm sàng. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Các bệnh nhân ung thư vú điều trị hóa chất bổ trợ phác đồ AC-TH được siêu âm tim theo dõi 3 tháng/lần trong quá trình điều trị hóa chất. Với sáu lần siêu âm tim, chỉ số sức căng dọc toàn bộ thất phải (RVGLS) và sức căng dọc thành tự do thất phải (RVFWS) được khảo sát và tìm hiểu mối liên quan với độc tính lên tim của hóa chất điều trị. Kết quả: Có 33 người bệnh thuộc nhóm nghiên cứu với tuổi trung bình là 45,6  8,7; 100% là nữ trong đó 84,8% không có yếu tố nguy cơ tim mạch. Kết quả cho thấy RVGLS trung bình và RVFWS trung bình của 6 thời điểm theo dõi là -23,59 ± 3,44% và -25,83 ± 3,71%, giảm ở các thời điểm theo dõi, giảm rõ nhất ở thời điểm T2. Giá trị giảm (Δ) của RVGLS và RVFWS tương ứng là 5,75 ± 2,53 % và 7,64 ± 3,14 % và không có mối liên quan giữa RVGL và RVFWS và độc tính cơ tim do hóa chất điều trị Kết luận: Sức căng dọc toàn bộ thất phải (RVGLS) và sức căng dọc thành tự do thất phải (RVFWS) giảm trong quá trình điều trị hóa chất phác đồ AC-TH của bệnh nhân ung thư vú và chưa thấy mối liên quan giữa sự thay đổi này và độc tính cơ tim.
Legibilidade nos releases de resultados das Companhias Brasileiras Abertas
Authors: Mendes Matheus Soares , Lucena Wenner Glaucio Lopes
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Explorar os determinantes da legibilidade nos releases de resultados das companhias brasileiras abertas.
Método: O estudo foi realizado nas entidades pertencentes ao Índice Brasil Amplo (IBrA), entre 2010 e 2019, com documentos trimestrais. Os dados financeiros e os contábeis foram coletados na base de dados Economática, e os relatórios das companhias (releases) foram coletados manualmente, para todo o período de análise, nos sites de relacionamento com investidores (RIs) das companhias. A legibilidade foi estimada por meio do índice Fog e pela extensão dos relatórios, segundo Li (2008). Foram estimados dois modelos econométricos em dados em painel com efeito fixo.
Originalidade/Relevância: Por examinar os releases de resultados, até então pouco explorados e com particularidades próprias, além de uma amostra ampla e trimestral, este trabalho se diferencia dos anteriores.
Resultados: De modo geral, a pesquisa indicou que as companhias com elevado índice market-to-book, mais antigas e conhecidas pelo mercado, menores em relação ao seu valor de mercado, com mais concentração acionária, além de baixas oscilações em seus lucros trimestrais, emitem relatório que são mais legíveis e menos complexos.
Contribuições Teóricas/Metodológicas: Os achados aqui retratados reforçam a importância da legibilidade como ferramenta para o disclosure corporativo eficiente e a forma como a entidade pode utilizar esse elemento em favor da companhia.
Processo Eleitoral em Municípios Cearenses e Ocorrência de Ciclos Políticos Orçamentários
Authors: Barcellos Claudia Valani , Nascimento Roberto Sergio , Viotto Ricardo
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: o presente artigo visa avaliar se o processo eleitoral em Municípios Cearenses é capaz de exercer influência sobre a execução da despesa pública orçamentária.
Método: uso de regressão linear com a utilização de diversas variáveis (variável dependente: reeleição; variáveis independentes: despesa com investimento, operações de crédito, restos a pagar, transferências voluntarias, resultado orçamentário, geração de caixa. IDEB, IDHM e alinhamento político federal) para aferir a existência de ciclos político-orçamentários.
Originalidade/Relevância: testa outras variáveis que podem estar associadas à Teoria do Ciclos Político-Orçamentários.
Resultados: as variáveis independentes (despesa com investimento, operações de crédito, restos a pagar, transferências voluntárias, resultado orçamentário, geração de caixa, IDEB, IDHM e alinhamento político federal) foram confrontadas, individualmente, com a variável dependente reeleição, tendo sido consideradas significativas somente as de saldo de restos a pagar processados, operações de crédito e despesas com investimento.
Contribuições Teóricas/Metodológicas: o estudo testa a Teoria com outras variáveis socioeconômicas ainda não exploradas em estudos anteriores, o que contribui para novas vertentes em futuras pesquisas.
Contribuições Sociais/para a Gestão: Destaca que qualquer variável do tipo socioeconômica é capaz de auxiliar na permanência dos políticos no poder, face sua manipulação. Na prática, assinala-se que determinadas variáveis são mais susceptíveis que outras.
Transformação digital e desempenho de startups: interveniência da informação gerencial e da criatividade empreendedora
Authors: Souza Nayara Aline , Beuren Ilse Maria
Published: March 2023

Objetivo - Este estudo analisa os efeitos da transformação digital no desempenho de startups, mediada pelo uso da informação gerencial e moderada pela criatividade empreendedora.
Método - Uma survey foi realizada com gestores de startups da área tecnológica listadas na StartupBase, e para análise dos 215 questionários respondidos aplicou-se a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais.
Originalidade/Relevância - Esta pesquisa inova ao investigar a inter-relação dos construtos transformação digital, uso da informação gerencial, criatividade empreendedora e desempenho organizacional em startups.
Resultados - Os resultados denotam influência positiva da transformação digital no desempenho organizacional. Isso sugere que se as startups utilizam as novas tecnologias, maiores são as possibilidades de atingirem o desempenho previsto e sobrepujar-se aos seus concorrentes. Foi observada mediação do uso da informaçãogerencial nessa relação, o que indica que o uso das informações gerenciais impacta na tomada de decisão dos gestores. Não foi constatada moderação da criatividade empreendedora na relação proposta, embora presumivelmente empreendedores criativos possam desenvolver inovações por meio das novas tecnologias.
Contribuições Teóricas/Metodológicas - Os resultados contribuem ao preencherem lacunas identificadas na literatura, na medida em que revelam que a transformação digital e o uso da informação gerencial são importantes propulsores do desempenho organizacional.
Contribuições Sociais/para a Gestão - O estudo traz implicações práticas ao demonstrar que a transformação digital e o uso da informação gerencial refletem no desempenho organizacional, uma importante sinalização aos gestores sobre o foco basilar para melhorar a performance das startups.
Air Pollution and the World of Work in Southeast Asia: Findings from Regional Case Studies
Authors: Slater Jessica , Archer Diane , O'Neill Connie , Yi-Chen Han Jenny , Vanhuyse Fedra
Published: March 2023

Four independent research projects undertaken by researchers in Cambodia, Vietnam, Lao PDR and Thailand, aimed to improve the state of knowledge on air pollution and workers’ exposures in southeast Asia, focusing on both informal and formal labour in certain occupations.
Some methodological features of the organization of a practical training session in special disciplines in the conditions of a departmental university of the FPS of Russia (on the example of the training course «Engineering and technical means of protection and supervision»)
Authors: Бабкин А.А.
Published: March 2023

В Концепции развития уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года в рамках обеспечения безопасности предполагается оснащение учреждений совре- менными техническими средствами охраны и надзора, создание методологической и технологической основы для формирования и развития определенных компетенций сотрудников. Важная роль в решении данных задач отводится образовательным организациям ФСИН России. В статье исследуются вопросы методического обеспечения и педагогических возможностей прове- дения учебных занятий по специальным дисциплинам на примере курса «Инженерно-технические средства охраны и надзора». Автором фрагментарно приводится свой вариант организации практи- ко-ориентированного учебного занятия-соревнования. В качестве подтверждения гипотезы о развитии устойчивой мотивации к дальнейшей службе и интереса к предмету приводятся данные проведенного опроса. Выделяются проблемные моменты в методическом и дидактическом обеспечении преподавания курса. В дальнейшем считаем возможным применение результатов нашего исследования в учебной и на- учной деятельности образовательных организаций ФСИН России.

The Concept for the Development of the Penal System of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030, within the framework of ensuring security, provides for equipping institutions with modern technical means of protection and supervision, creating a methodological and technological basis for the formation and development of certain competencies of employees. An important role in solving these problems is assigned to educational organizations of the FPS of Russia. The article examines the issues of methodological support and pedagogical opportunities for conducting training sessions in special disciplines on the example of the course «Engineering and technical means of protection and supervision». The author fragmentarily provides his own version of the organization of a practiceoriented training session-competition. As confirmation of the hypothesis about the development of sustainable motivation for further service and interest in the subject, the data of the survey are given. Problematic moments are highlighted in the methodological and didactic support, teaching the course. In the future, we consider it possible to reflect (apply) the results of our research in the educational (scientific) activities of educational organizations of the FPS of Russia.
Organization of practice-oriented training in educational institutions of the FPS of Russia using augmented and virtual reality
Authors: Бодрова Е.В. , Шибаева Г.Е.
Published: March 2023

В статье описываются особенности применения имитационно-игровых технологий, которые стимулируют активность слушателей, формируют неординарный подход к деятельности, учат работать в коллективе, находить оптимальные решения, развивать воображение, психологическую пластичность и устойчивость. Предметом статьи выступили AR- и VR-технологии в процессе профессионального обучения слушателей. Цель исследования – изучить особенности применения цифровых образовательных технологий в процессе профессионального обучения слушателей. Методологическую основу исследования составили тестирование, статистический метод, анализ, синтез, системно-структурный, формально-логический методы. В результате проведенной работы определено, что использование AR- и VR-технологий в процессе профессионального обучения слушателей способствует формированию специалиста с интегративными профессионально-специализированными компетенциями, придающими ему гибкость и устойчивость в постоянно изменяющихся условиях служебной деятельности. Данные решения положительно отразятся на качестве подготовки сотрудников УИС на этапе обучения в образовательной организации ФСИН России. Сделан вывод о том, что информационно-игровые технологии помогают ускорить и оптимизировать процесс обучения слушателей, повышают качество обучения благодаря максимальной структурированности, интересной форме изложения учебного материала, а также свободно ориентироваться в информационном пространстве.

In the article the author describes the features of the use of simulation and gaming technologies that stimulate the activity of listeners, form an extraordinary approach to activity, teach to work in a team, find optimal solutions, develop imagination, psychological plasticity and stability. The subject of the article was AR and VR technologies in the process of professional training of students. The purpose of the research is to study the features of the use of digital educational technologies in the process of professional training of students. The methodological basis of the study was testing, statistical method, analysis, synthesis, systemstructural, formal-logical methods. As a result of the work carried out, it was determined that the use of AR and VR technologies in the process of professional training of students contributes to the formation of a specialist with integrative professionally specialized competencies that give him flexibility and stability in the constantly changing conditions of work. These decisions will have a positive impact on the quality of training of penal system officers at the stage of training in an educational organization of the FPS of Russia. It is concluded that information and gaming technologies help to speed up and optimize the learning process of students, improve the quality of education due to the maximum structure, an interesting form of presentation of educational material, and also freely navigate in the information space.
Improving the methodology for calculating the regulatory need for clothing property of employees of institutions and bodies of the penal system of the Russian Federation
Authors: Нохрин В.В. , Питюрина И.С.
Published: March 2023

В статье приведен сравнительный анализ Порядка определения нормативных затрат на обеспечение функций ФСИН России, территориальных органов ФСИН России, федеральных казенных учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации в части обеспечения вещевым имуществом сотрудников учреждений и органов уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации и вещевым довольствием осужденных к лишению свободы, отбывающих наказание в исправительных учреждениях, и лиц, содержащихся в следственных изоляторах, утвержденного приказами ФСИН России от 15.06.2022 № 356 и от 16.11.2016 № 920. Целью проведения данного исследования явился детализированный анализ методики расчета нормативной потребности в вещевом имуществе. Рассмотрено совершенствование методики расчета нормативной потребности в вещевом имуществе и приведены особенности ее механизма. Методологическую основу исследования составил метод диахронного и синхронного сравнения, применяемый в сравнительном правоведении. По итогу проведенного анализа сделано заключение о более детальном и конкретизированном порядке расчета нормативных затрат на обеспечение функций ФСИН России, территориальных органов ФСИН России и федеральных казенных учреждений УИС в части обеспечения вещевым имуществом сотрудников, установленном в приказе ФСИН России от 15.06.2022 № 356.

The author provides a comparative analysis of the procedure for determination of the standard costs for ensuring the functions of the FPS of Russia, territorial bodies of the FPS of Russia, federal state institutions of the penal system of the Russian Federation in terms of providing clothing property to employees of institutions and bodies of the penal system of the Russian Federation and clothing allowance of those sentenced to deprivation freedom serving sentences in correctional institutions, and persons held in pre-trial detention centers, approved by orders of the FPS of Russia dated June 15, 2022 No. 356 and dated November 16, 2016 No. 920. The purpose of this study was a detailed analysis of the methodology for calculating the regulatory need for clothing property. The author considers improvement of the methodology for calculating the normative need for clothing property and gives the features of its mechanism. The method of diachronic and synchronous comparison used in comparative law made the methodological basis of the study. Based on the results of the analysis, the author gives a conclusion on a more detailed and specific procedure for calculating the standard costs for ensuring the functions of the FPS of Russia, the territorial bodies of the FPS of Russia and the federal state institutions of the penal system in terms of providing clothing to employees, established in the order of the FPS of Russia dated June 15, 2022 No. 356.
Dynamics of aerosol, humidity, and clouds in air masses travelling over Fennoscandian boreal forests
Authors: Räty Meri , Sogacheva Larisa , Keskinen Helmi-Marja , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Nieminen Tuomo , Petäjä Tuukka , Ezhova Ekaterina , Kulmala Markku
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Boreal forests cover vast areas of land in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, which are under amplified climate warming. The interactions between the forests and the atmosphere are known to generate a
complex set of feedback processes. One feedback process, potentially
producing a cooling effect, is associated with an increased reflectance of
clouds due to aerosol–cloud interactions. Here, we investigate the effect
that the boreal forest environment can have on cloud-related properties
during the growing season. The site investigated was the SMEAR II station in Hyytiälä, Finland. Air mass back trajectories were the basis of the analysis and were used to estimate the time each air mass had spent over land prior to its arrival at the station. This enabled tracking the changes occurring in originally marine air masses as they travelled across the forested land. Only air masses arriving from the northwestern sector were investigated, as these areas have a relatively uniform forest cover and relatively little anthropogenic interference. We connected the air mass
analysis with comprehensive in situ and remote-sensing data sets covering up to 11 growing seasons. We found that the properties of air masses with short land transport times, thereby less influenced by the forest, differed from those exposed to the forest environment for a longer period. The fraction of air masses with cloud condensation nuclei concentrations (at 0.2 % supersaturation) above the median value of 180 cm−3 of the analysed air masses increased from approximately 10 % to 80 % after 55 h of exposure to boreal forest, while the fraction of air masses with specific humidity above the median value of 5 g kg−1 increased from roughly 25 % to 65 %. Signs of possible resulting changes in the cloud layer were also observed from satellite measurements. Lastly, precipitation frequency increased from the average of approximately 7 % to about 12 % after a threshold of 50 h of land transport. Most of the variables showed an increase with an increasing land transport time until approximately 50–55 h, after which a balance with little further variation seemed to have been reached. This appears to be the approximate timescale in which the forest–cloud interactions take effect and the air masses adjust to the local forest environment.
Meteorological history of low-forest-greenness events in Europe in 2002–2022
Authors: Hermann Mauro , Röthlisberger Matthias , Gessler Arthur , Rigling Andreas , Senf Cornelius , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Wernli Heini
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Forest dieback in Europe has recently intensified and has become more extensive. This dieback is strongly influenced by meteorological variations of temperature, T2m, and precipitation, P, and can be monitored with forest greenness. This study quantitatively investigates the 3-year meteorological history preceding events of reduced forest greenness in Europe's temperate and Mediterranean biome with a systematic approach. A specific focus lies in the timing of unusually persistent and unusually strong anomalies of T2m and P, as well as their relation to synoptic weather systems. A pragmatic approach based on remote sensing observations of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) serves to identify low-forest-NDVI events at the 50 km scale in Europe in June to August 2002–2022. We quantify the impact of the hottest summer on record in Europe in 2022, which, according to our criteria, negatively affected 37 % of temperate and Mediterranean forest regions, and thereby reduced forest greenness more extensively than any other summer in 2002–2022. The low-NDVI events occurred in particularly dry and hot summers, but their meteorological histories also featured significant anomalies further in the past, with clear differences between the temperate and Mediterranean biome. A key feature is the anomalous accumulation of dry periods (i.e., periods with a P deficit) over the preceding 26 and 34 months in the temperate and Mediterranean biome, respectively. In the temperate biome only, T2m was anomalously persistent during almost the same 26-month period and featured distinctive peaks late in the past three growing seasons. While anomalously strong hot–dry conditions were characteristic of temperate low-NDVI events already in the previous summer, we find hardly any other systematic meteorological precursor in the Mediterranean prior to the event year. The identified dry periods went along with reduced cyclone activity in the Mediterranean and positive anticyclone frequency in the temperate biome. The occurrence of these two weather systems is locally more nuanced, showing, e.g., consistently increased and decreased cyclone frequency over western and northern Europe, respectively, in all event summers. Finally, the systematic meteorological histories are useful to test whether locally observed meteorological impacts, e.g., structural overshoot, systematically influenced the investigated events. In summary, systematic investigations of the multi-annual meteorological history provided clear evidence of how surface weather and synoptic-scale weather systems over up to 3 years can negatively impact European forest greenness. The observation of the record-extensive low-NDVI event in the summer of 2022 underlines that understanding the forest–meteorology interaction is of particular relevance for forest dieback in a changing climate.
Stratospherically induced tropospheric circulation changes under the extreme conditions of the No-Montreal-Protocol scenario
Authors: Zilker Franziska , Sukhodolov Timofei , Chiodo Gabriel , Friedel Marina , Egorova Tatiana , Rozanov Eugene , Sedlacek Jan , Seeber Svenja , Peter Thomas
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The Montreal Protocol and its amendments (MPA) have been a huge success in preserving the stratospheric ozone layer from being destroyed by unabated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) emissions. The phase out of CFCs has not only prevented serious impacts on our health and climate, but also avoided strong alterations of atmospheric circulation patterns. With the Earth System Model SOCOLv4, we study the dynamical and climatic impacts of a scenario with unabated CFC emissions by 2100, disentangling radiative and chemical (ozone-mediated) effects of CFCs. In the stratosphere, chemical effects of CFCs (i.e. the resulting ozone loss) are the main drivers of circulation changes, weakening wintertime polar vortices and speeding up the Brewer-Dobson circulation. These dynamical impacts during wintertime are due to low-latitude ozone depletion and resulting reduction of the equator-to-pole temperature gradient. In Southern Hemisphere (SH) summer, the vortex strengthens, similar due to the effects of the Antarctic ozone hole over the second half of the 20th century. Furthermore, the winter and spring vortex variability increases in the SH, whereas it decreases in summer and fall. This seasonal variation of wind speed in the stratosphere has regional implications on the tropospheric circulation modes. We find coherent changes in the troposphere, such as negative Southern Annular mode (SAM) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during seasons with a weaker vortex (winter and spring); the opposite occurs during seasons with stronger westerlies in the stratosphere (summer). In the troposphere, radiative heating by CFCs prevails throughout the year, shifting the SAM into a positive phase and canceling out the ozone-induced effects on the NAO. Furthermore, global warming is amplified by 1.9 K with regionally up to 12 K increase over Eastern Canada and Western Arctic. Our study sheds light into the adverse effects of a non-adherence to the MPA on the global atmospheric circulation, uncovering the roles of the underlying physical mechanisms. In so doing, our study emphasizes the importance of the MPA for Earth’s climate, to avoid regional amplifications of negative climate impacts.
A GeoNEX-based high-spatiotemporal-resolution product of land surface downward shortwave radiation and photosynthetically active radiation
Authors: Li Ruohan , Wang Dongdong , Wang Weile , Nemani Ramakrishna
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Surface downward shortwave radiation (DSR) and photosynthetically
active radiation (PAR) play critical roles in the Earth's surface processes.
As the main inputs of various ecological, hydrological, carbon, and solar
photovoltaic models, increasing requirements for high-spatiotemporal-resolution DSR and PAR estimation with high accuracy have been observed in
recent years. However, few existing products satisfy all of these
requirements. This study employed a well-established physical-based lookup
table (LUT) approach to the GeoNEX gridded top-of-atmosphere bidirectional
reflectance factor data acquired by the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) and
Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) sensors. It produced a data product of DSR
and PAR over both AHI and ABI coverage at an hourly temporal step with a 1 km spatial resolution. GeoNEX DSR data were validated over 63 stations, and
GeoNEX PAR data were validated over 27 stations. The validation showed that
the new GeoNEX DSR and PAR products have accuracy higher than other existing
products, with root mean square error (RMSE) of hourly GeoNEX DSR achieving
74.3 W m−2 (18.0 %), daily DSR estimation achieving 18.0 W m−2
(9.2 %), hourly GeoNEX PAR achieving 34.9 W m−2 (19.6 %), and
daily PAR achieving 9.5 W m−2 (10.5 %). The study also demonstrated
the application of the high-spatiotemporal-resolution GeoNEX DSR product in
investigating the spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of surface
solar radiation. The data product can be freely accessed through the NASA
Advanced Supercomputing Division GeoNEX data portal:
https://data.nas.nasa.gov/geonex/geonexdata/GOES16/GEONEX-L2/DSR-PAR/ (last access: 12 March 2023) and
https://data.nas.nasa.gov/geonex/geonexdata/HIMAWARI8/GEONEX-L2/DSR-PAR/ (last access: 12 March 2023)
(https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7023863; Wang and Li, 2022).
The COASTℓOOC project dataset
Authors: Massicotte Philippe , Babin Marcel , Fell Frank , Fournier-Sicre Vincent , Doxaran David
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Coastal Surveillance Through Observation of Ocean Color (COASTℓOOC) oceanographic expeditions were conducted in 1997 and 1998 to examine the relationship between the optical properties of seawater and related biological and chemical properties across the coastal-to-open ocean gradient along the European coasts. A total of 379 stations were visited along the coasts of the Gulf of Lion in the Mediterranean Sea (n = 61), Adriatic Sea (n = 39), Baltic Sea (n = 57), North Sea (n = 99), English Channel (n = 85) and Atlantic Ocean (n = 38). A particular emphasis has been dedicated to the collection of a comprehensive set of apparent (AOPs) and inherent (IOPs) optical properties to support the development of ocean color remote sensing algorithms. The data were collected in situ using traditional ship-based sampling, but also from a helicopter, which is a very efficient means for that type of coastal sampling. The dataset collected during the COASTℓOOC campaigns is still today quite unique in that it is fully consistent in terms of operators, protocols, and instrumentation. This rich and historical dataset is still today frequently requested and used by other researchers. Therefore, we present the result of an effort to compile and standardize a dataset which will facilitate their reuse in future development and evaluation of new bio-optical models adapted for optically-complex waters. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/93570 (Massicotte et al., 2023).
Knickpoints and Fixpoints: The Evolution of Fluvial Morphology under the Combined Effect of Fault Uplift and Dam Obstruction on a Soft Bedrock River
Authors: Chen Hung-En , Chiu Yen-Yu , Cheng Chih-Yuan , Chen Su-Chin
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Rapid changes in river geomorphology can occur after being disturbed by external factors like earthquakes or large dam obstructions. Studies documenting the evolution of river morphology under such conditions have advanced our understanding of fluvial geomorphology. The Dajia River in Taiwan presents a unique example of the combined effects of a coseismic fault (the 1999 Mw 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake) and a dam. As a result of the steep terrain and abundant precipitation, rivers in Taiwan have exhibited characteristic post-disturbance evolution over 20 years. This study also considers two other comparative rivers with similar congenital conditions: the Daan River was affected by a thrust fault Chi-Chi earthquake, too; the Zhuoshui River was influenced by dam construction finished in 2001. The survey data and knickpoint migration model were used to analyze the evolution of the three rivers and propose hypothesis models. Results showed that the mobile knickpoint migrated upstream under the influence of flow, while the dam acted as a fixpoint, leading to an increased elevation gap and downstream channel incision. Thereby, the Dajia river narrowing and incision began at both ends and progressively spread to the whole reach under the combined effects.
The signature of NAO and EA climate patterns on the vertical structure of the Canary Current upwelling system
Authors: Georg Tina , Neves Maria C. , Relvas Paulo
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The current study aims to analyse the vertical structure of the ocean during upwelling events using in situ and modelled data. Additionally, the influence of climate patterns, namely the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the East Atlantic (EA) pattern, on the vertical structure and their impact on the upwelling activity are assessed for a period of 25 years (1993–2017). The study focuses on the central part of the Canary Current (25–35∘ N) with persistent upwelling throughout the year, with an annual cycle and the strongest events from June to September. Upwelling is determined using two different approaches: one index is calculated based on temperature differences between the coastal and the offshore area, and the other is calculated based on wind data and the resulting Ekman transport. Different datasets were chosen according to the indices. Stable coastal upwelling can be observed in the study area for the analysed time span, with differences throughout the latitudes. A deepening of the isothermal layer depth and a cooling of temperatures are observed in the vertical structure of coastal waters, representing a deeper mixing of the ocean and the rise of cooler, denser water towards the surface. During years of a positive NAO, corresponding to a strengthening of the Azores High and the Icelandic Low, stronger winds lead to an intensification of the upwelling activity, an enhanced mixing of the upper ocean, and a deeper (shallower) isothermal layer along the coast (offshore). The opposite is observed in years of negative NAO. Both effects are enhanced in years with a coupled, opposite phase of the EA pattern and are mainly visible during winter months, where the effect of both indices is the greatest. The study therefore suggests that upwelling activities are stronger in winters of positive North Atlantic Oscillation coupled with a negative East Atlantic pattern and emphasizes the importance of interactions between the climate patterns and upwelling.
Evolution of eddy viscosity in the wake of a wind turbine
Authors: Scott Ryan , Martínez-Tossas Luis , Bossuyt Juliaan , Hamilton Nicholas , Cal Raúl B.
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The eddy viscosity hypothesis is a popular method in wind turbine wake modeling for estimating turbulent Reynolds stresses. We document the downstream evolution of eddy viscosity in the wake of a wind turbine from experimental and large-eddy-simulation data. Wake eddy viscosity is isolated from its surroundings by subtracting the inflow profile, and the driving forces are identified in each wake region. Eddy viscosity varies in response to changes in turbine geometry and nacelle misalignment with larger turbines generating stronger velocity gradients and shear stresses. We propose a model for eddy viscosity based on a Rayleigh distribution. Model parameters are obtained from scaling the eddy viscosity hypothesis and demonstrate satisfactory agreement with the reference data. The model is implemented in the curled wake formulation in the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) framework and assessed through comparisons with the previous formulation. Our approach produced more accurate flow field estimates with lower total error for the majority of cases.
Sigara İçme Süresini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Süre Analizi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: Selim Sibel , Sülükçüler Sevgi
Published: March 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amaç, 2012 ve 2019 yılları Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması Anketi verileri kullanılarak Türkiye’de bireylerin sigara içme süresi üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerin karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde analiz edilmesidir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 2012 ve 2019 yılları Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması Anketi verilerinden faydalanılmış ve analizlerde 2012 yılında 5932 ve 2019 yılında 6833 birey ile çalışılmıştır. Kişilerin sigara içme süresini etkileyen faktörler; demografik, sosyo-ekonomik, kronik hastalıklar ve diğer değişkenler olmak üzere 4 temel kategoriye ayrılmış ve süre analizi yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, 2012 ve 2019 yıllarında kadınlar, erkeklere göre daha fazla süre sigara tüketmektedir. Eğitim ve gelir düzeyi arttıkça her iki yılda da katılımcıların sigara içme süresinin arttığı görülmektedir. Sigara içme nedenlerine göre her iki yıl için de merak, özenti, aile ve kişisel sorunlar ve arkadaş sebebiyle sigara içenlerin, nedensiz içicilere göre daha fazla süre tükettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Sonuç: Her iki yıla ait bulgular baz alındığında; genel itibariyle demografik, sosyoekonomik, kronik hastalıklar ve sigaraya başlama nedeni değişkenlerinin sigara içme süresi üzerinde etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kadınların erkeklere göre sigara içme süresi daha fazla olmakla birlikte; eğitim ve gelir düzeyi arttıkça sigara içme süresinin de arttığı gözlenmiştir.
Arte y Covid-19. Enfoques temáticos e imágenes predominantes de la pandemia
Authors: Del Río-Almagro Alfonso , Moreno-Montoro Mª Isabel
Published: March 2023

El objetivo principal de este texto es realizar un análisis conceptual de los aspectos temáticos abordados sobre la Covid-19 en las prácticas artísticas realizadas durante este periodo. Y, en consecuencia, estudiar cómo ha sido representada la pandemia y qué imágenes, entendidas como motivos iconográficos o metáforas visuales, se han generado sobre la vivencia de la misma. Para ello, desde un punto de vista inductivo y crítico, en primer lugar, nos centramos en la búsqueda de las propuestas artísticas producidas a lo largo de las distintas etapas de esta crisis, analizando qué aspectos han sido los más tratados y bajo qué enfoques. Hecho que nos posibilita, por un lado, sistematizar los principales recorridos temáticos y, por otro, confrontar los resultados obtenidos con las aportaciones de diversos/as expertos/as provenientes de la filosofía, antropología, sociología, etc. Lo que nos ha permitido elaborar las conclusiones pertinentes extrayendo las imágenes predominantes de la pandemia cuyos significados contribuirán a configurar el imaginario visual de la misma.
E BRASILIA, O QUE É? DIGA LÁ, MEU IRMÃO Concepções sobre os limites territoriais da capital do Brasil
Authors: Gonçalves Juliano Rosa , Peluso Marilia Luiza
Published: March 2023

A cidade de Brasília está carregada de sentidos simbólicos. Sede dos Poderes da República, cidade ainda jovem e marcada pela migração, a Capital Federal oferece a seus moradores um complexo contexto para formação identitária, sempre tensionada entre disputas de significados. A compreensão da base territorial da cidade também é cercada de controvérsias. Diferentemente de uma cidade tradicional, Brasília é composta por manchas urbanas descontínuas. Constituem-na desde grandes unidades urbanas – as cidades-satélites e seu núcleo central, o Plano Piloto – até vários condomínios urbanos horizontais progressivamente instalados no interregno rural existente na Capital desde sua fundação. Propõe-se, aqui, apresentar as diferentes concepções sobre os significados (territoriais) de Brasília que se assentam, sobretudo, em dois polos. De um lado, há quem defenda um entendimento territorial mais restrito, com limites reduzidos ao plano inicial para a cidade e, de outro, há quem compreenda que a Capital possui delimitações mais abrangentes, ampliando o “ser Brasília” para próximo da conformação territorial do Distrito Federal. São, por fim, duas concepções fundamentadas em perspectivas político-urbanas em colisão: enquanto a primeira está associada a compreensões mais conservadoras sobre a cidade, a segunda fundamenta-se no reconhecimento da mutável e fluida dinâmica da vida urbana.
In Bloom, Online: An Exploratory Study of Philippine Cut Flower Corporation’s http://islandrose.net
Authors: Abalos Ma. Laize-Ar , Alminanza Mark Joseph , Macaraig Christine , Samia Karina , Sumagui Jennifer Christine Rose
Published: March 2023

E-commerce is the use of the Internet to conduct business. In the Philippines, there is an increasing adoption of e-commerce by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). To explore the SMEs’ process of adoption of e-commerce, this study analyzed the integration of the Island Rose Web site (http://islandrose.net) in the business operations of the Philippine Cut Flower Corporation (PCFC). Through an interview with the Island Rose Marketing Director and an analysis of islandrose.net, it was found that certain conditions and processes were necessary for the successful combination of the website and the physical business. An evaluation of islandrose.net from the perspective of its users and other entities is recommended for future research.
Oryantalistlerin Hadis, Sünnet ve Sahâbe Kavramlarına Yaklaşımları
Authors: MANAS UULU Tynchtykbek
Published: March 2023

Oryantalistlerin İslâm’la ilgili araştırmaları hem Türkiye hem de diğer müslüman ülkeler tarafından yoğun bir şekilde takip edilmiş ve eleştiri mahiyetinde eserler kaleme alınmıştır. Biz bu yazımızda özellikle XIX. ve XX. yüzyıldaki bazı oryantalistlerin hadis, sünnet ve sahâbe kavramlarına nasıl yaklaştığını araştırma konusu yaptık. Araştırmamız oryantalistlerin hepsini kapsamadığı için bütün oryantalistlerin aynı kanaatleri taşıdığı iddiasında değiliz. Aynı şekilde çalışmamız oryantalistlerin hadis araştırmalarındaki amaçlarını ve gelecek tasarımlarını da kapsamaktadır. Oryantalistlerden sünnet, hadis ve sahâbe kavramlarına önyargılarla yaklaşanlar olmakla birlikte, objektif ve insaflı olanları da vardır. Oryantalistlerin bu konularla ilgili görüşlerinin bilinmesinin, onların İslâm ve Hz. Muhammed (sav) hakkındaki algılarını kavramakta yarar sağlayacağı kanaatindeyiz.
FREQUENCY AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PROFILE OF SALMONELLA TYPHI ISOLATED FROM DISTRICT BUNER
Authors: Ali Aftab , Rahman Noor , Adeeb Humera , Ullah Ihsan
Published: March 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and drug resistance of Salmonella typhi in district Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Methodology: This cross-section study was conducted at District Head Quarter Hospital Buner and private diagnostic centers from Jan 2020 to May 2021. A total of 460 blood samples were collected from OPD patients reported with signs and symptoms of Typhoid fever. Samples were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar and incubated at 37? for 24 hours.  Bacterial identification was done on colony morphology, gram staining, and polyvalent antisera for strain identification. Finally, antibiotic susceptibility testing was done for the isolated bacteria. All commonly prescribed first-line and second-option antibiotics were tested on Mueller Hinton agar by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines 2020.
Result: A total of 240 out of 460 samples showed bacterial growth where Salmonella typhi was found in 98 (40.8%) cases. Among them, 28(28.6%) were reported as MDR while 1 (17.4%) were XDR. Out of the XDR, 4 strains were found resistant to Vancomycin and clarithromycin as well. The isolated S. typhi was 100% sensitive to Meropenem, and Azithromycin, however showed 100% resistance to Aztreonam, Ampicillin, and Cotrimoxazole. Prevalence of S. typhi was more (50%) in females while resistance was reported more in age group 20-40 years.
Conclusion: The frequency of Salmonella typhi at district Buner was 41% in patients reported with high-grade fever where 28% of the strains reported were multidrug resistant. Some extended spectrum drug-resistant S. typhi and Vancomycin and Clarithromycin resistant strains were also reported which is alarming. Meropenem, and Azithromycin were the only drugs effective against most of the strains. However, resistance to these drugs may develop soon if we do not stop the empirical excessive use of antibiotics.
Keywords: Multidrug-resistant, Salmonella typhi, Typhoid fever, Extended spectrum drug-resistant
GENDER BIAS DURING ASSESSMENTS IN UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Bibi Dr Aliya , Jamil Brekhna , AHMED FAROOQ , Kashif Lubna
Published: March 2023

Objective: To explore the perceptions of students and faculty about gender bias during assessments in undergraduate medical education.
Material and Method: The study was conducted at a Public and Private Medical College in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, from June 2020 to October 2020. It was a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach in which, 4 focal group interviews with undergraduate medical students and 10 individual interviews with faculty members were undertaken by using a validated semi-structured interview guide.  The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The thematic analysis of the data was done where codes were developed and arranged in different categories giving rise to discrete themes. Data triangulation from students and faculty results was done for convergence and correspondence to increase the credibility and authenticity of the study.
Results: Out of 24 students and 10 faculty members, half of the participants were females who shared their perceptions about gender bias in medical education. The analysis revealed 30 codes that were labeled and collated into 9 categories. The themes deducted from these categories were Lack of awareness, discriminatory attitude, the societal projection of the phenomenon, and the gendered climate in medical education.
Conclusion: Most of the students are not aware of the concept of gender bias. The study emphasizes that bias is a natural phenomenon but society and culture multiply the effect of this phenomenon.  Most of the participants do believe that the assessment environment is made more comfortable and positive for female students. The study also revealed that gendered cultures of learning and assessment still exist in Gynaecology/Obstetrics and General Surgery departments.
Keywords: Gender bias, Assessment, Undergraduate Medical Education