bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remarkable enhancement of the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction activity of NiCo2O4 by an amorphous borate shell
Authors: Ji Xuqiang , Ren Xiang , Hao Shuai , Xie Fengyu , Qu Fengli , Du Gu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping
Published: July 2017

Surface introduction of an amorphous borate shell on NiCo2O4 greatly boosts its electrochemical water oxidation activity under alkaline conditions. To achieve 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH, NiCo2O4@Ni–Co–B/CC needs an overpotential of only 270 mV.
Electrochemical properties of a silicon nanoparticle/hollow graphite fiber/carbon coating composite as an anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Liyong , Liu Zhanjun , Guo Quangui , Guo Xiaohui , Gu Jianjun
Published: July 2017

Hollow graphite fibers and carbon coating were applied to improve lithium storage and cycling performance of silicon nanoparticles.
Binder free 2D aligned efficient MnO2 micro flowers as stable electrodes for symmetric supercapacitor applications
Authors: Kashale Anil A. , Vadiyar Madagonda M. , Kolekar Sanjay S. , Sathe Bhaskar R. , Chang Jia-Yaw , Dhakal Hom N. , Ghule Anil V.
Published: July 2017

δ-MnO2 thin film electrodes (M1) deposited on stainless steel mesh using CBD were used in symmetric supercapacitor device (SSM/M1//M1/SSM) with aqueous 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The device shows 138% retention of specific capacitance after 2500 cycles.
Promotion of phenol photodegradation based on novel self-assembled magnetic bismuth oxyiodide core–shell microspheres
Authors: Qian Danlin , Zhong Suting , Wang Suyun , Lai Yaru , Yang Nan , Jiang Wei
Published: July 2017

A novel visible-light driven “plates-over-nanospheres” (PONs) photocatalyst with BiOI nanoplates grown on the surface of Fe3O4 nanospheres was prepared using a facile method.
Hierarchical h-, m- and n-BiPO4 microspheres: facile synthesis and application in the photocatalytic decomposition of refractory phenols and benzene
Authors: Tian Xiaoxin , Xu Tong , Wang Yunjian , Meng Sugang
Published: July 2017

Hierarchical structured n-BiPO4 microspheres were prepared and exhibited excellent activity for photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A, phenol, p-chlorophenol and benzene.
Exploitation of mussel byssus mariculture waste as a water remediation material
Authors: Montroni Devis , Piccinetti Corrado , Fermani Simona , Calvaresi Matteo , Harrington Matthew J. , Falini Giuseppe
Published: July 2017

The byssus is an alimentary industry waste with a unique combination of functional groups that has been successfully tested for the removal of charged aromatic dyes from water.
Two-step ball-milling synthesis of a Si/SiOx/C composite electrode for lithium ion batteries with excellent long-term cycling stability
Authors: Qian Lingzhi , Lan Jin-Le , Xue Mengyao , Yu Yunhua , Yang Xiaoping
Published: July 2017

SiOx-based anodes have attracted tremendous attention owing to their low cost, higher theoretical capacity than graphite and lower volume expansion than pure silicon.
Synthesis and characterization of a biodegradable polyaspartic acid/2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol graft copolymer and evaluation of its scale and corrosion inhibition performance
Authors: Shi Shuchen , Wu Yufeng , Wang Yueyan , Yu Jing , Xu Ying
Published: July 2017

Herein, a novel polyaspartic acid derivative, polyaspartic acid/2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol graft copolymer (PASP/AMP), was synthesized via a ring-opening reaction using polysuccinimide (PSI) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP).
Thermodynamic stability of worm-like micelle solutions
Authors: Vogtt Karsten , Beaucage Gregory , Weaver Michael , Jiang Hanqiu
Published: July 2017

A model is proposed and verified that explains the solution stability of worm-like micelles used in chemotherapy and viscosity enhancement.
Diode-like gel polymer electrolytes for full-cell lithium ion batteries
Authors: Lin Yong-Yi , Chen Yen-Ming , Hou Sheng-Shu , Jan Jeng-Shiung , Lee Yuh-Lang , Teng Hsisheng
Published: July 2017

A positive–intrinsic–negative (PIN)-diode-like gel polymer electrolyte, consisting of ceramic-modulated layers, facilitates ion transfer at both electrodes for a full-cell battery.
Light-reversible hierarchical patterns by dynamic photo-dimerization induced wrinkles
Authors: Hou Honghao , Li Fudong , Su Zhilong , Yin Jie , Jiang Xuesong
Published: July 2017

A novel and effective strategy to fabricate light reversible hierarchical patterned surface with self-healing, reversibly tunable adhesion and wettability properties was presented through photo-dimerization induced dynamic wrinkle, also a novel application of the Braille refreshable typography was demonstrated.
Low color-temperature, high color rendering index hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes by the effective control of exciton recombination zone
Authors: Sun Qian , Hu Yue , Dai Yanfeng , Ma Dongge
Published: July 2017

Excitons dominate the optoelectronic properties of organic devices.
Solution-processable naphthalene and phenyl substituted carbazole core based hole transporting materials for efficient organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , An Chih-Chia , Sahoo Snehasis , Griniene Raimonda , Volyniuk Dmytro , Grazulevicius Juozas V. , Grigalevicius Saulius , Jou Jwo-Huei
Published: July 2017

Solution-processable molecular hole transporting materials (HTMs) are crucial to realize inexpensive fabrication of energy-efficient and large area organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for next-generation displays and lighting.
Mitochondrial Sirtuins in cardiometabolic diseases
Authors: Tang Xiaoqiang , Chen Xiao-Feng , Chen Hou-Zao , Liu De-Pei
Published: July 2017

Mitochondria are heterogeneous and essentially contribute to cellular functions and tissue homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction compromises overall cell functioning, tissue damage, and diseases. The advances in mitochondrion biology increase our understanding of mitochondrial dynamics, bioenergetics, and redox homeostasis, and subsequently, their functions in tissue homeostasis and diseases, including cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). The functions of mitochondria mainly rely on the enzymes in their matrix. Sirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent deacylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases. Three members of the Sirtuin family (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5) are located in the mitochondrion. These mitochondrial Sirtuins regulate energy and redox metabolism as well as mitochondrial dynamics in the mitochondrial matrix and are involved in cardiovascular homeostasis and CMDs. In this review, we discuss the advances in our understanding of mitochondrial Sirtuins in mitochondrion biology and CMDs, including cardiac remodeling, pulmonary artery hypertension, and vascular dysfunction. The potential therapeutic strategies by targetting mitochondrial Sirtuins to improve mitochondrial function in CMDs are also addressed.
Internet of animals: characterisation of LoRa sub‐GHz off‐body wireless channel in dairy barns
Authors: Benaissa S. , Plets D. , Tanghe E. , Trogh J. , Martens L. , Vandaele L. , Verloock L. , Tuyttens F.A.M. , Sonck B. , Joseph W.
Published: July 2017

Advances in wireless sensor technologies and MEMS have made it possible to automatically monitor the health status of dairy cows using Internet of things (IoT) and wireless body area networks. Since on‐cow measuring devices are energy constrained, a proper characterisation of the off‐body wireless channel between the on‐cow sensor nodes and the back‐end base station is required for an optimised deployment of these networks in barns. In this Letter, the long range (LoRa) off‐body wireless channel has been characterised at 868 MHz, a typical IoT frequency. Both path loss and temporal fading were investigated using LoRa motes. Based on this characterisation, network planning and energy consumption optimisation of the on‐body nodes could be performed, which enables the deployment of reliable dairy cow monitoring systems.
Power‐efficient class AB fully differential amplifier
Authors: Saso J.M. , Lopez‐Martin A.J. , Garde M.P. , Ramirez‐Angulo J.
Published: July 2017

A class AB one‐stage fully differential amplifier is described. It includes adaptive biasing techniques to the conventional class A differential amplifier that improve linearity, gain‐bandwidth product and slew rate, maintaining the same DC bias currents and supply voltage requirements. Boosting of dynamic currents for large input signals takes place at the output branches, without internal replication of these currents. This leads to a nearly 100% current efficiency. Measurement results for a 0.5 μm CMOS test chip prototype validate the proposal.
Optimised CORDIC‐based atan2 computation for FPGA implementations
Authors: Torres V. , Valls J. , Canet M.J.
Published: July 2017

A method for the implementation of the atan2 operator based on the coordinate rotation digital computer algorithm is described. In the proposal, the computation of the z‐path takes advantage of the look‐up table‐based FPGA resources to reduce by between 17 and 25%, without performance deterioration, the overall area of the unrolled architecture.
Multi‐target tracking by enhancing the kernelised correlation filter‐based tracker
Authors: Kwon J. , Kim K. , Cho K.
Published: July 2017

A new tracking method based on the kernelised correlation filter (KCF) method is proposed. The tracker improves KCF‐based trackers by adding seven proposed components, namely, the motion model, background subtraction, occlusion handling, hijacking handling, object proposal, bounding box modification, and object re‐detection. With these components, the tracker robustly tracks multiple targets despite severe occlusion, rapid motion, and the presence of other objects with similar appearance. The visual tracking performance is evaluated by using challenging basketball game videos. Experiments demonstrate that the tracker outperforms the original KCF tracker and other state‐of‐the‐art tracking methods.
Identifying unambiguous frequency pattern for target localisation using frequency diverse array
Authors: Li Jingjing , Li Hongbin , Ouyang Shan
Published: July 2017

The beampattern of a conventional frequency diverse array (FDA) with linear frequency pattern (i.e. the centre frequency of each antenna element is linearly increasing) is coupled in range and angle. FDA with random frequency pattern can decouple the range and angle with high probability only when the number of elements is sufficiently large. The ambiguity of frequency patterns that are random permutations of a linear FDA is examined. An eigenvector‐based criterion to identify possible ambiguity in target localisation using such arrays is proposed. Numerous results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed ambiguity identification criterion.
Low‐complexity cross‐validation design of a linear estimator
Authors: Tong J. , Xi J. , Guo Q. , Yu Y.
Published: July 2017

Linear signal estimators have extensive applications. Under the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criterion, the linear MMSE (LMMSE) estimator is optimal but requires knowledge of the covariance matrices. The sample matched filter generally performs worse but requires less a priori knowledge. A composite estimator that combines the sample LMMSE estimator and matched filter is studied, which may lead to noticeable improvements in performance. It is shown that such a gain can be achieved by low‐complexity parameter tuning methods based on cross‐validation using training or out‐of‐training data. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
SparseConnect: regularising CNNs on fully connected layers
Authors: Xu Qi , Pan Gang
Published: July 2017

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved unprecedented success in many domains. The numerous parameters allow CNNs to learn complex features, but also tend to hinder generalisation by over‐fitting training data. Despite many previously proposed regularisation methods, over‐fitting is one of many problems in training a robust CNN. Among many factors that may lead to over‐fitting, the numerous parameters of fully connected layers (FCLs) of a typical CNN are a contributor to the over‐fitting problem. The authors propose SparseConnect, which alleviates over‐fitting by sparsifying connections to FCLs. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets MNIST and CIFAR10 show SparseConnect outperforms several state‐of‐the‐art regularisation methods.
BER analysis of filter‐bank multicarrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation systems with phase estimation error
Authors: Zayani Rafik , Shaiek Hmaied , Roviras Daniel , Medjahdi Yahia
Published: July 2017

This study analyses the bit‐error‐rate (BER) performance of filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) systems with offset quadrature amplitude modulation in the presence of phase offset. The authors consider that the FBMC intrinsic‐interference has a Gaussian probability distribution, and they derive the BER analytical expressions for multilevel modulation over Rayleigh flat fading channels. Analytical expressions developed in this study are checked and confirmed by computer simulations.
Stochastic assessment of distributed generation hosting capacity and energy efficiency in active distribution networks
Authors: Quijano Darwin Alexis , Wang Jianhui , Sarker Mushfiqur R. , Padilha‐Feltrin Antonio
Published: July 2017

Active network management (ANM) aims to increase the capacity of variable distributed generation (DG), which can be connected to existing distribution networks. In this study, it is proposed to simultaneously consider the efficient use of energy resources when high shares of DG are procured through the ANM approach. To that end, a multi‐period and multiobjective optimisation algorithm, based on the linearised optimal power flow, is formulated. The algorithm seeks to maximise the installed capacity of DG while minimising the energy losses and consumption of voltage‐dependent loads. The objectives are optimised considering the coordinated operation of voltage regulators and on‐load tap changers, and the management of DG generation curtailment and reactive power compensation from DG. Additionally, the effects of load and generation uncertainties are addressed through a two‐stage stochastic programming formulation of the multiobjective problem. The result is a set of non‐inferior solutions, which allows exploring the degree of conflict among the objectives. The proposed approach was tested on two IEEE test feeders and the solutions show a significant improvement in the system's energy efficiency with a low impact on the amount of connected DG.
Wavelet‐based extreme learning machine for distribution grid fault location
Authors: Shafiullah Md , Abido Mohammad A. , Al‐Hamouz Zakariya
Published: July 2017

Precise knowledge of faults is very exigent to reduce the outage duration as most of the customer minute losses in distribution grids occur due to longer period of interruptions caused by faults. This study proposes a fault location technique combining advanced signal processing and machine learning tools for distribution grids. The proposed technique decomposes three‐phase currents measured from sending end employing wavelet transform (WT) and collects useful features to fetch them as inputs of extreme learning machine (ELM). Satisfactory values of the selected statistical performance measures validate the efficacy of proposed fault location technique. Besides, the efficacy of support vector regression (SVR) and artificial neural network (ANN) are also tested employing the WT extracted features. The presented results show the superiority of ELM‐WT technique over SVR‐WT and ANN‐WT techniques in terms of the selected performance measures and training times. Additionally, the proposed technique is independent of fault resistance, inception angle, the presence of measurement noise, thermal expansion/contraction of the distribution line and pre‐fault loading condition. Furthermore, the hybrid method detects and classifies different types of faults before locating them with different machine learning tools.
Condition assessment of power transformers based on multi‐attributes using fuzzy logic
Authors: Ranga Chilaka , Chandel Ashwani Kumar , Chandel Rajeevan
Published: July 2017

In this study, a new multi‐criterion based fuzzy logic model has been proposed to determine the overall health index of transformers. The method relies on the concentrations of individual dissolved gasses, significant diagnostic test results of transformer oil and paper insulation. Real field data of 200 working transformers of a state owned power utility have been tested to validate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed fuzzy logic condition assessment model of transformers. Results obtained from the present proposed model have been compared with the previously proposed condition monitoring models. Comparison of the results shows that the output of present proposed model is more reliable and accurate. Integration of multi‐criterion analysis in the fuzzy logic model has overcome the shortcomings of the previous fuzzy models requiring higher number of inputs and large set of rules. The proposed fuzzy model is flexible, accurate and easy to implement for determining the overall health index of the working transformers. It shall prove to be very useful to the utility managers and power utilities.
Bidding strategies of the joint wind, hydro, and pumped‐storage in generation company using novel improved clonal selection optimisation algorithm
Authors: Afshari Igder Mosayeb , Niknam Taher , Khooban Mohammad‐Hassan
Published: July 2017

The wind and hydro technologies express a significant part of the electricity generation section. This study presents an optimal coordinated bidding strategy of wind, cascaded hydro generation, and pumped‐storage (PS) units. One of the chief purposes of this study is maximisation the profit of the wind and hydro plants by participating in the day‐ahead energy and ancillary service markets. The regulation and spinning reserve markets are regarded as ancillary services. Thanks to the inherent variability and uncertainty of wind power, it does not participate in the ancillary service market. Hydro company is constructed of several cascaded hydro units which design alongside a river basin as well as a PS unit. In this study, the risk is modelled by using conditional value at risk. To reach the optimum solution, a new improved clonal selection algorithm is applied which shows the effectiveness of the proposed method for optimising a generation companies (GENCOs) profit.
Application of chaotic whale optimisation algorithm for transient stability constrained optimal power flow
Authors: Prasad Dharmbir , Mukherjee Aparajita , Shankar Gauri , Mukherjee Vivekananda
Published: July 2017

Chaotic whale optimisation algorithm (CWOA) is a metaheuristic real‐parameter optimisation algorithm. This study appears to be well capable of providing solution to the transient stability constrained optimal power flow (OPF) problem of power system. Basically, transient stability constrained OPF (TSCOPF) problem is the extended study of conventional OPF problem while additionally, considering transient stability constraints along with other previously considered equality and inequality constraints of the conventional OPF problem. Here, CWOA algorithm is validated by choosing two test power systems viz. (a) New England 10‐generator, 39‐bus and (b) 17‐generator, 162‐bus test systems. Considering multiple contingency cases, the main objective of the proposed algorithm is minimisation of the total fuel cost of these two test systems. Simulation test results, as obtained from the proposed CWOA, are compared to the results offered by some other evolutionary optimisation techniques surfaced in the recent state‐of‐the‐art literature. The results presented in this study indicate that the proposed algorithm shows its efficacy over other recently originated popular optimisation techniques (including basic WOA) in terms of extending potential of offering higher quality solutions, effectiveness and faster convergence speed.
Viscosity methods for large deviations estimates of multiscale stochastic processes
Authors: Ghilli Daria
Published: July 2017

We study singular perturbation problems for second order HJB equations in an unbounded setting. The main applications are large deviations estimates for the short maturity asymptotics of stochastic systems affected by a stochastic volatility, where the volatility is modelled by a process evolving at a faster time scale and satisfying some condition implying ergodicity.
Copper-Catalyzed Arylation of Benzothiazoles with Toluene Derivatives­: Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazole
Authors: Deng Hongmei , Jia Xueshun , Li Jian , Li Chengliang , Jin Tao , Liu Zhiqiang , Jiang Ruolan , Li Chunju
Published: July 2017

A copper-catalyzed reaction of benzothiazole and readily available toluene derivatives has been disclosed. This protocol is proposed to proceed through the oxidation of toluene and ring opening of benzothiazole, thus providing a new pathway for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles.
K2S2O8-Activated Friedel–Crafts Type Alkylation of Indoles with α-Amido Sulfones
Authors: Qin Wenling , Wu Xiaoyan , Xue Lu , Luo Shilong , Jia Shiqi , Ao Jun
Published: July 2017

A K2S2O8-activated regioselective alkylation of α-amido sulfones at the C-3 position of indoles is reported. The protocol developed herein provides an alternative new strategy to the previous approach by using Lewis acid, clay, and resin as catalyst for this Friedel–Crafts type alkylation of indoles with α-amido sulfones. The formed product bears a versatile transformable sulfone group and an amino group. The reaction condition is tolerant to a wide range of substrates, including a series of indoles with electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups at different positions. Moreover, a variety of α-substituted phenylamido sulfones and some α-aliphatic amido sulfones also give the desired products in modest yield. Furthermore, a preliminary mechanism study was performed and the plausible reaction mechanism is discussed.
Formation of Bicyclic Cyclopentenone Derivatives by Robinson-Type Annulation of Cyclic β-Oxoesters Containing a 1,4-Diketone Moiety
Authors: Geibel Irina , Kahrs Christoph , Christoffers Jens
Published: July 2017

Robinson-type cyclopentannulations of cyclic β-oxoesters possessing a 1,4-diketone moiety are accomplished under four different Brønsted basic reaction conditions. Using pyrrolidine/acetic acid in DMSO, an oxohexahydrocyclopenta[a]indene (42%) and an N-Boc-protected oxohexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyridine derivative (62%) are obtained with retention of the ester moieties. The latter compound defines an interesting new scaffold for medicinal chemistry with three positions allowing further derivatizations. The use of KOtBu in DMSO or NaH in toluene leads to cyclopentene derivatives with either partial ester saponification and decarboxylation or displacement of the ester moiety within the carbon skeleton. With aqueous KOH, the cyclopentannulations are successful in almost all cases, but with the ester moieties cleaved off. The respective bicyclic and tricyclic products are obtained in good to excellent yields. The 1,4-diketone starting materials are prepared by cerium-catalyzed oxidative coupling of β-oxoesters with isopropenyl acetate. Alternatively, a two-step sequence consisting of α-propargylation followed by palladium-catalyzed alkyne hydration is used.
Complex Frontal Pneumosinus Dilatans Associated with Meningioma: A Report of Two Cases and Associated Literature Review
Authors: Timms Sara , Lakhani Raj , Connor Steve , Hopkins Claire
Published: July 2017

Introduction Pneumosinus dilatans (PSD) is a rare phenomenon involving the expansion of the paranasal sinuses, without bony destruction or a mass. Previously documented cases have demonstrated simple expansion of a solitary air cell. We present two unique cases of PSD in the presence of meningioma, in which complex new cells developed within the frontal sinus. One of the two patients developed associated sinus disease.

Case 1 A 28-year-old man presented with facial pain. A computed tomography scan showed an abnormally enlarged, septated right frontal sinus, not present on childhood scans. He underwent a modified endoscopic Lothrop approach to divide the septations, and his symptoms resolved.

Case 2 A 72-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of headaches. Scans revealed a left frontal meningioma and multiple enlarged, dilated left frontal air cells. She had no clinical sinusitis and therefore was managed conservatively.

Conclusions PSD has been widely documented in association with fibrous dysplasia and meningioma. The most prevalent theory of the mechanism of PSD is of obstruction of the sinus ostium causing sinus expansion through a “ball-valve” effect. Our cases, which demonstrate septated PSD, suggest a more complex process involving local mediators and highlight the need to consider underlying meningioma in pneumosinus dilatans.
Anterior Extension of Tumor is as Important as Tumor Size to Facial Nerve Outcome and Extent of Resection for Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Wong Ricky , Copeland William , Jacob Jeffrey , Sivakanthan Sananthan , Van Gompel Jamie , van Loveren Harry , Link Michael , Agazzi Siviero
Published: July 2017

Objectives We examined vestibular schwannoma tumor dimension and direction of growth to determine whether these correlate with facial nerve outcome as well as extent of resection (EOR).

Design Retrospective review of prospectively maintained databases.

Participants 206 patients were a part of this study.

Main Outcome Measures Tumor dimensions were measured using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, and a series of ratios were then calculated to further characterize tumor dimension. Regression analyses were performed to investigate correlation with facial nerve outcome and EOR.

Results Patients with tumor extending >1.5 cm anterior to the internal auditory canal (IAC) (AB measurement) were three times more likely to have postoperative House-Brackman grades of 3 or worse. We also found that an EB/BF ratio (representing elongated growth parallel to the IAC axis) ≥1.1 was associated with half the risk of poor facial nerve outcome. Tumors with anterior-posterior diameter (AC measurement) >1.9 cm were five times less likely to undergo gross total resection (GTR). Furthermore, an increased degree of tumor extension into the IAC (DE measurement >2.4 cm) or an increased amount of brainstem compression (EB measurement >1.1 cm) were each associated with a nearly 3-fold decrease in the likelihood of GTR.

Conclusion Our study demonstrates that anterior extent of the tumor is as important as tumor size to facial nerve outcome and degree of resection for vestibular schwannomas.
Alarm-Fatigue – wieviel Alarm verträgt der Mensch?
Authors: Lorenz Benedikt , Peters Jürgen , Frey Ulrich
Published: July 2017

Durch zunehmende Technisierung in der Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin steigen sowohl Anzahl der Geräte als auch deren visuelle und akustische Alarme. Die meisten aller Alarme sind jedoch Fehlalarme, was bei den Mitarbeitern zu Frustration, Aggression und Fehlverhalten führt. Dieser Übersichtsartikel fasst die Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung von „Alarm-Fatigue“ zusammen und gibt einen Ausblick auf mögliche Lösungsstrategien.
Anästhesie und Outcome: Einfluss bei Kindern
Authors: Fideler Frank , Grasshoff Christian
Published: July 2017

Die operative Versorgung von Kindern birgt ein erhöhtes Risiko schwerer perioperativer Komplikationen und stellt hohe Anforderungen an die beteiligten Berufsgruppen. Um das perioperative Outcome von Kindern vonseiten der Anästhesie positiv zu beeinflussen, sind neben der Optimierung institutioneller Faktoren individuelle Möglichkeiten innerhalb der intraoperativen Phase der Narkoseeinleitung und -aufrechterhaltung bedeutend, insbesondere die Einstellung des adäquaten Blutdrucks.
Begegnung auf Augenhöhe
Authors: Özkan Ibrahim , Simmelbauer Laura , Wenderott Katharina
Published: July 2017

Transkulturalität in der Versorgung Da die Zahl von Menschen mit
Migrationshintergrund stetig zunimmt, müssen sich auch Kliniken auf eine
interkulturelle Patientenversorgung einstellen. Für eine angemessene Pflege ist
es wichtig, dass Patienten nicht kulturspezifisch, sondern störungsspezifisch
behandelt werden und die Begegnung mit ihnen offen und wertschätzend ist. Wir
geben Ihnen Tipps, wie Sie Hemmschwellen abbauen können, um eine handlungsfähige
Beziehung mit dem Patienten aufzubauen.
Zuhören oder medikamentieren?
Authors: Matthies Daniel
Published: July 2017

Deeskalationstechniken versus Psychopharmaka in der Langzeitpflege
Deeskalationstechniken sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil des pflegerischen
Arbeitsalltags. Ziel ist es, körperliche Auseinandersetzungen und
Zwangsmaßnahmen zu vermeiden oder zu verringern. Aber auch Psychopharmaka kommen
zum Einsatz, um Eskalationen schnell und ohne größeren Aufwand zu verhindern.
Unser Autor hat im Rahmen seiner Studienarbeit beide Methoden miteinander
verglichen.
Effect of ion nonthermality on nonlinear dust acoustic wave propagation in a complex plasma in presence of secondary electron emission
Authors: Bhakta Subrata , Sarkar Susmita
Published: July 2017

In this paper we have investigated the effect of ion nonthermality on nonlinear dust acoustic wave propagation in a complex plasma in presence of secondary electron emission considering equilibrium dust charge positive. In space and astrophysical plasmas presence of nonthermal ions have been detected by satellite observations. This ion nonthermality modifies propagation characteristics of dust acoustic waves when dust grains are charged by secondary electron emission mechanism. In case of dust charging by secondary electron emission process two stable equilibrium dust charge states exist out of which one is negative and the other is positive. Here we have considered positive equilibrium dust charge state and both adiabatic and nonadiabatic dust charge variation. Our investigation shows that characteristics of both dust acoustic soliton and dust acoustic shock depend on the strength of the ion nonthermality along with secondary electron yield. Increase in both ion nonthermality and secondary electron yield help to retain the shape of compressive dust acoustic soliton when dust charge variation is adiabatic and to maintain oscillation of the dust acoustic shock when dust charge variation is nonadiabatic.
Stability of plane Couette flow of a power-law fluid past a neo-Hookean solid at arbitrary Reynolds number
Authors: Giribabu D. , Shankar V.
Published: July 2017

The linear stability of plane Couette flow of a power-law fluid past a deformable solid is analyzed at arbitrary Reynolds number (Re). For flow of a Newtonian fluid past a deformable solid, at high Re, there are two different modes of instability: (i) “wall modes” (Γ∝Re−1∕3) and (ii) “inviscid modes” (Γ∝Re−1) where Γ=VμfGR is the non-dimensional shear-rate in the fluid (V, μf, G, and R denote the top-plate velocity, fluid viscosity, shear modulus of the solid, and fluid thickness, respectively). In this work, we consider the power-law model for the fluid to elucidate the effect of shear-thickening/shear-thinning behaviour on the modes of instability present in the flow, especially at moderate and high Re. At high Re, our numerical results show that wall modes exhibit different scalings in Γ (VηfGR, where ηf is Newtonian-like constant viscosity) vs Re for different values of the power-law index (n), and the scaling exponents are different from that for a Newtonian fluid. This drastic modification in the scaling of wall modes is not observed in viscoelastic (modelled as upper-convected Maxwell or Oldroyd-B fluids) plane Couette flow past a deformable solid. We show that the difference in scaling exponents can be explained by postulating that the wall modes in a power-law fluid are determined by the actual viscosity corresponding to the shear rate of the laminar flow denoted by ηapp. A non-dimensional shear rate based on this viscosity Γapp=VηappGR can be defined, and we show that the postulate Γapp∼Re−1∕3 (motivated by the wall-mode scaling in a Newtonian fluid) captures all the numerically observed scalings for Γ vs Re for different values of n>0.3, which is found to be Γ∼Re−12n+1. Further, we numerically evaluated the wall layer thickness and this agreed with the theoretical scaling of δ∼Re−n2n+1. Interestingly, the theoretical and numerical prediction of wall modes is found to be valid for power-law index, n≥ 0.3. For n≤ 0.3, there is a marked departure from the wall-mode scalings, and our results show a scaling of Γ ∼ Re−1 corresponding to inviscid modes. The variation of the power-law index (n) can stabilise/destabilise the inviscid mode when compared with Newtonian fluid, and this result is observed only in the power-law model and is not seen in the flow of viscoelastic fluid past deformable surfaces. Thus, the present study shows that the shear-rate dependence of viscosity has a significant impact on both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of stability of non-Newtonian fluid flow past deformable surfaces.
Blow-up profile of Bose-Einstein condensate with singular potentials
Authors: Phan Thanh Viet
Published: July 2017

The paper is concerned with the Bose-Einstein condensate described by the attractive Gross-Pitaevskii equation in R2, where the external potential is unbounded from below. We show that when the interaction strength increases to a critical value, the Gross-Pitaevskii minimizer collapses to one singular point and we analyze the details of the collapse exactly up to the leading order.
Ultrafast dynamics of a series multi-branched styryl derivatives with reverse conjugated structural configuration
Authors: Wang Yaochuan , Jiang Yihua , Wang Yizhuo , Wang Guiqiu , Liu Dajun , Hua Jianli
Published: July 2017

To study the effect of conjugated structural configurations on the two-photon absorption properties, tri-branched compounds with the same electron-donating and electron-accepting groups connected in a reverse conjugated structural mode, are systematically investigated using steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopies, open-aperture Z-scan, and two-photon fluorescence measurements. The two-photon absorption cross-section of compound R03 with the strong electron donor triphenylamine as the central core of 766 GM is notably large and is approximately 1.7 times larger than that of the tri-branched compound T03-a with a reverse conjugated structural mode and with the 1,3,5-triazine electron acceptor as the central core. This finding indicates that the conjugated mode does have an important effect on the nonlinear optical properties. A two-color pump-probe experiment is used to investigate the ultrafast responses and intra-molecular charge transfer properties of these multi-branched compounds. The formation and relaxation lifetimes of the intra-molecular charge transfer state are determined to be in the ranges of several picoseconds and several hundreds of picoseconds, respectively, for all of the compounds in CHCl3 solutions. An extended π-conjugated system, increased intra-molecular cooperative effect, and effective direction of charge transfer are responsible for the observed large two-photon absorption character.
Comparing Q-factor of electromagnetically induced transparency based on different space distribution quasi-dark mode resonator
Authors: Li Hai-ming , Xue Feng
Published: July 2017

Comparing the Q-factor of electromagnetically induced transparency based on a symmetric and asymmetric quasi-dark resonator has been numerically and experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the Q-factor of electromagnetically induced transparency based on the symmetric quasi-dark mode resonator is an order of magnitude larger than that based on the asymmetric quasi-dark mode resonator. The reason for the improved Q-factor is ascribed to the low radiative loss of the symmetric quasi-dark mode resonator. Furthermore, the proposed way holds promise to obtain a different Q-factor of electromagnetically induced transparency in the microwave, terahertz, and optical frequency range.
Evolution of AlGaN deep level defects as a function of alloying and compositional grading and resultant impact on electrical conductivity
Authors: Armstrong Andrew M. , Allerman Andrew A.
Published: July 2017

AlGaN:Si epilayers with uniform Al compositions of 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy along with a compositionally graded, unintentionally doped (UID) AlGaN epilayer with the Al composition varying linearly between 80% and 100%. The resistivity of AlGaN:Si with a uniform composition increased significantly for the Al content of 80% and greater, whereas the graded UID-AlGaN film exhibited resistivity equivalent to 60% and 70% AlGaN:Si owing to polarization-induced doping. Deep level defect studies of both types of AlGaN epilayers were performed to determine why the electronic properties of uniform-composition AlGaN:Si degraded with increased Al content, while the electronic properties of graded UID-AlGaN did not. The deep level density of uniform-composition AlGaN:Si increased monotonically and significantly with the Al mole fraction. Conversely, graded-UID AlGaN had the lowest deep level density of all the epilayers despite containing the highest Al composition. These findings indicate that Si doping is an impetus for point defect incorporation in AlGaN that becomes stronger with the increasing Al content. However, the increase in deep level density with the Al content in uniform-composition AlGaN:Si was small compared to the increase in resistivity. This implies that the primary cause for increasing resistivity in AlGaN:Si with the increasing Al mole fraction is not compensation by deep levels but rather increasing activation energy for the Si dopant. The graded UID-AlGaN films maintained low resistivity because they do not rely on thermal ionization of Si dopants.
Droplet induced compositional inhomogeneities in GaAsBi
Authors: Tait C. Ryan , Yan Lifan , Millunchick Joanna M.
Published: July 2017

Compositional inhomogeneities in III-V alloys heavily influence the device performance. This work presents evidence for Ga droplets inducing inhomogeneities in the Bi composition, which we propose is due to a variation in the Ga flux across the surface. These inhomogeneities may be manipulated through the use of growth interrupts, which eliminate the buildup of Ga at the growth front.
Exploration of an allied health workforce redesign model: quantifying the work of allied health assistants in a community workforce
Authors: Somerville Lisa , Davis Annette , Milne Sarah , Terrill Desiree , Philip Kathleen
Published: July 2017

The Victorian Assistant Workforce Model (VAWM) enables a systematic approach for the identification and quantification of work that can be delegated from allied health professionals (AHPs) to allied health assistants (AHAs). The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of implementation of VAWM in the community and ambulatory health care setting. Data captured using mixed methods from allied health professionals working across the participating health services enabled the measurement of opportunity for workforce redesign in the community and ambulatory allied health workforce. A total of 1112 AHPs and 135 AHAs from the 27 participating organisations took part in the present study. AHPs identified that 24% of their time was spent undertaking tasks that could safely be delegated to an appropriately qualified and supervised AHA. This equates to 6837 h that could be redirected to advanced and expanded AHP practice roles or expanded patient-centred service models. The VAWM demonstrates potential for more efficient implementation of assistant workforce roles across allied health. Data outputs from implementation of the VAWM are vital in informing strategic planning and sustainability of workforce change. A more efficient and effective workforce promotes service delivery by the right person, in the right place, at the right time.

What is known about this topic?
There are currently workforce shortages that are predicted to grow across the allied health workforce. Ensuring that skill mix is optimal is one way to address these shortages. Matching the right task to right worker will also enable improved job satisfaction for both allied health assistants and allied health professionals. Workforce redesign efforts are more effective when there is strong data to support the redesign.

What does this paper add?
This paper builds on a previous paper by Somerville et al. with a case study applying the workforce redesign model to a community and ambulatory health care setting. It provides evidence that this workforce redesign model enables data to be collected to identify the opportunity for redesign in the allied health workforce in this clinical setting.

What are the implications for practitioners?
There are career pathways and opportunity for growth in the allied health assistant workforce in the community and ambulatory health care setting. These opportunities will need to be coupled with the development of supervision and delegation skills in the allied health professional workforce to ensure that an integrated workforce is built to provide optimal clinical care in the community and ambulatory setting.
Reappraisal of Mesozoic fishes and associated invertebrates and flora from Talbragar and Koonwarra, eastern Australia
Authors: Bean Lynne B.
Published: July 2017

Eastern Australia has two major Mesozoic fossil localities. The Talbragar Fish Bed in central west New South Wales contains an assemblage of Upper Jurassic fishes, plants and insects. The Koonwarra Fossil Bed, in South Gippsland, Victoria, has an assemblage of Lower Cretaceous fishes, plants and insects. The geological settings of these localities are described. Each locality has a common genus of fish that was originally described as Leptolepis. The names of both these fish have been changed, the Talbragar one to Cavenderichthys talbragarensis and the Koonwarra one to Waldmanichthys koonwarri. Both of these fish have been placed into the Family Luisiellidae, together with a Patagonian fish, Luisiella feruglioi. Each locality also has a member of the family Archaeomenidae: Archaeomene tenuis from Talbragar and Wadeichthys oxyops from Koonwarra. The relationships of these and other fish have been discussed by various authors over the last 20 years and a summary of these comments is presented, as well as a brief comparison between the plants of both localities. The localities of Talbragar, Koonwarra and the Argentinian fishes during the Mesozoic appear to have similar palaeo-environmental settings, which may explain the similarities in the assemblages. The Australian localities contain well-preserved specimens which shed light on the diversity and extent of fishes in southern Gondwana, a region otherwise poorly represented in the fossil record.
Spatiotemporal distribution of large- and medium-sized mammals and humans in the Lar Protected Area, Iran
Authors: Parchizadeh Jamshid
Published: July 2017

Context One-fifth of mammal species are at risk of extinction in the wild due to overhunting, habitat loss and habitat fragmentation. Protected areas are considered an effective method for conserving biological diversity, and can help prevent declines and extinctions of species. Thus, evaluating the effectiveness of protected areas in achieving conservation objectives is vital for successful conservation and management. Aims The aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of large- and medium-sized mammals and humans as an aid to evaluate the effectiveness of the Lar Protected Area in northern Iran. This area is expected to be a year-round habitat for seven large- and medium-sized mammal species: (1) brown bear (Ursus arctos); (2) golden jackal (Canis aureus); (3) Persian leopard (Panthera pardus); (4) Eurasian red fox (Vulpes vulpes); (5) wild goat (Capra aegagrus); (6) Alborz red sheep (Ovis orientalis); and (7) wild boar (Sus scrofa). Methods A camera-trap survey (2780 camera-trap days) was conducted in the Lar Protected Area, which included mountains, canyons and plains, from June 2013 to August 2014. The spatial and temporal distribution of four categories of humans in the study area was documented: wardens, poachers, tribal people and tourists. Key results All aforementioned mammals were photographed in the study area. The Lar Protected Area was a seasonally important habitat for the majority of these species, especially from October to December, whereas the presence of tribal people, tourists and wardens was greatest in summer. Poachers were most common in autumn, when wardens and other humans were less common. Poachers preferentially used an area containing canyons, as did wild goats, bears, leopards, foxes and jackals. Conclusions The seasonality of the distribution of the seven species, which were most common in autumn, suggests that mammals were avoiding humans in summer. An average of 7.6 photographs of poachers for every photograph of a warden was obtained; this implies a potential threat to the conservation of mammals. Implications These results suggest that the Lar Protected Area functions as a seasonal habitat for many species of mammals, thus highlighting the importance of adjacent protected areas. Temporal separation of wardens from poachers indicates that reallocation of wardens could reduce poaching.
Where do Norway rats live? Movement patterns and habitat selection in livestock farms in Argentina
Authors: Montes de Oca Daniela P. , Lovera Rosario , Cavia Regino
Published: July 2017

Context The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) is recognised as one of the most harmful invasive mammal species in natural, urban and rural environments worldwide. Prevention and control of pest species in livestock farms is necessary to protect animal and human health, but control practices usually do not take into account the biology and ecology of the species to be controlled. The understanding of the biological requirements of Norway rats is necessary for the implementation of efficient management actions. Aims The aim of this research was to study movement patterns and habitat selection of Norway rats on livestock farms in central Argentina. We hypothesised that rats select specific areas within the farms according to the farm’s structure and to the availability of resources. Methods We conducted live-trapping of rats in a pig farm and a dairy farm, during each of four seasons over 1 year. Traps were active for three consecutive days at each trapping session. Movements and habitat selection were assessed by spool-and-line technique combined with environmental surveys and GIS tools. Key results We captured a total of 133 Norway rats and evaluated the movements of 47 individuals. The mean length travelled, registered for one night, was 84.28 ± 38.21 m. They did not travel great linear distances within the farms, but instead performed tortuous trajectories around specific sites. Norway rats selected sites containing food, water and refuges; and avoided travelling across areas with short vegetation. Sites containing food sources were most preferred. Conclusions Because food sources for rats were present ad libitum in farms, our findings strongly support the idea that management strategies of prevention and control of this species must include adequate rodent-proof food storage. Also, because rats are found close to livestock, improvement in preventing rats’ access to animal sheds is necessary to prevent contamination of livestock feeders with pathogens carried by rats. Implications The present study provides novel information about the ecology of Norway rats on livestock farms. We encourage farmers to follow our recommendations in order to improve rodent-control strategies.