bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacteriological Assessment of Fast Foods Sold at Gidan-Kwanu and Bosso Campuses of Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
Authors: Audu Yohanna , Audu Yohanna , Sambo Mohammed Sani , James Samaila , Maina Caleb Yakubu
Published: September 2019

The bacteriological quality of snacks (meat pie and egg row) collected from different vendors at two different sells points each at Gidan-Kwanu and Bosso campuses of  Federal University of Technology Minna was carried out in order to ascertain their safety. A total of fourty (40) snacks  were screened using standard pour plate method while gram staining and biochemical test were carried out for the identification of various isolates. The  samples had varying degree of  bacterial contamination ranging from 2.0 x 102 - 1.4 x 103 cfu/g. The bacteria isolates found  included Bacillus subtilis 29 (34.12%) in meat pie and 11 (22.45%) in egg roll; Staphylococcus aureus 16 (18.82%) in meat pie and 11 (22.45%) in egg roll; Klebsiella 19 (22.35%) in meat pie and 11 (22.45%) in egg roll; Escherichia coli 17 (20.00%) in meat pie and 13 (26.53%) in egg roll; Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4 (4.71%) in meat pie and 2 (4.08%) in egg roll and Proteus 1 (2.04%) in egg row and no growth of  proteus was recorded in meat pie. The high bacteria count and diversity of  bacteria isolate from the food samples screened is of public health concern. The study underscores the need for intervention from bodies charged with the responsibility of maintaining public health to prevent potential out brake of disease among consumers of these food products.
The HARMFUL CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS AND DEVELOPED CYANOPHAGES AS A BIOLOGICAL SOLUTION
Authors: Thuduhena Anjana Chamilka
Published: September 2019

Abstract

 

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal blooms (CHABs) cause devastating impacts to fisheries, tourism, public health and ecosystem around the world, and have increased in frequency. Cyanobacterial blooms occur in fresh water and marine environments, producing a variety of toxins, and poisoning risks to humans and animals. Chemicals can be used to kill cyanobacteria. Unfortunately, many of these chemicals are toxic to other forms of life, including fish and organisms they eat. The use of chemicals in natural lakes could create more problems than they solve, is not permitted. Cyanophage is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects cyanobacteria and is detected in both freshwater and marine environments as a biological solution developed Cyanophages can use for long term treatment options.

 

Key words:   Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal blooms, Cyanophage, DNA Viruses
VIABILITY OF LACTOBACILLUS acidophilus AND SYNERESIS OF PROBIOTIC YOGHURT PRODUCED FROM RECONSTITUTED SKIM AND WHOLE MILK POWDER DURING 35 DAYS REFRIGERATED STORAGE AT 4±2 oC
Authors: Akpoka Obhioze Augustine , Obi T. E
Published: September 2019

Currently, the food industry wants to expand the range of probiotic yogurts but each probiotic bacteria offers different and specific health benefits. This study examined the viable counts of Lactobacillus acidophilus and percentage syneresis of probiotic yoghurt produced from reconstituted skim and whole milk powder stored for 35 days at 4±2 oC. Skim milk probiotic yoghurt (SMPY) and Whole milk probiotic yoghurt (WMPY) were produced by reconstituting dry milk powder (130 g/900 ml w/v), which was pasteurized at 85 oC for 15 mins, cooled to 43 oC and inoculated with freeze dried probiotic yoghurt mixed starter culture containing Streptococcus thermophilus (ST), Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA). The yoghurt samples were analyzed for viability of ST, LB, LA and also syneresis. During storage, the viable counts of ST in SMPY decreased from 5.43x108 to 5.18x106 cfu/ml, LB (2.47x108 to 8.10x105 cfu/ml) and LA (1.83x108 to 5.78x105 cfu/ml). Similarly, the viable counts of ST in WMPY decreased significantly from 5.40x108 to 5.15x106 cfu/ml, LB (2.43x108 to 7.82x105 cfu/ml) and LA (1.80x108 to 5.84x105 cfu/ml). Although the mean viable counts of the LA decreased during storage, both SMPY and WMPY still contained an average of 1.48x106 cfu/ml of probiotic cells up to 28 days of storage, which is above the “therapeutic minimum” of 106 cfu/ml. The percentage syneresis of SMPY and WMPY increased significantly during the 35 days of storage, from 24.4-32.0 % and 24.8-32.7 % respectively. There was a positive correlation between storage time and syneresis thus affecting the texture. In conclusion, yoghurt made from either skim or whole milk powder can be used as an adequate carrier of LA (probiotic bacteria) up to a period of 28 days at 4±2 oC and a stabilizer should be used to reduce the separation of whey and thus maintain the texture.
ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI COMMUNITIES FROM Centella asiatica OF BENGKULU ACCESSION
Authors: Tuti Nani Radias , Susilawati Dwi Ningsih , Hasni Nur
Published: September 2019

Various species of endophytic fungi have been isolated and reported from various types of plants and tissues, but how host or plant tissue determines endophytic community structure has not been explored quantitatively. The aim of this research was to understand community structure of endophytic fungi in various organs of Centella asiatica of Bengkulu accession. The analysis data use to Shannon Wienner diversity index (H’), dominance index, colonization rate, frequency of occurrence and UPGMA analysis with Jaccard Coefficient. Total 61 isolates were obtained and grouped into 19 morfotypes, consist of 15 Asomycetes & 4 Basidiomycetes and 10 Genera. The highest colonization rate was in stolons (16%) and the lowest is in petiols (4%). Endophytic fungi were distributed in all of the organs. Leaves harbored more diverse endophytic fungi (H’= 2,138) than the other organs and classified as medium. Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum dan Phoma multirostrata were the dominant species.This research showed that different type of host-pant organs influenced community structure of endophytic fungi from C. asiatica of Bengkulu accession. This is the first report, on the community strcuture of endophytic fungi from C. asiatica from leaves, petiols, stolons, and roots part of the organ plant. Overall, our results indicated that the isolate can be used to analyzed of it’s potential as bioactive compuond same as the host.
QOS OPTIMIZATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING IN IOT WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Authors: S. Raj Jennifer , Basar Abul
Published: September 2019

The internet of things is a group of connected computing, digital and mechanical machines with the capability of being identified by other devices that are internet enabled. The wireless sensor networks is a gathering of sovereign sensing elements in combination with actuating, computing, communicating and energy storing devices to keep track of the continuous physical world changes. These clique of independent sensors that commune wirelessly incurring advantages such as low cost, limited power consumption, high scalability with adaptableness to hostile and harsh environments afford them to be connected with IOT to become a part of it, to trace the physical changes encountered in the things that are internet enabled. The conventional methods for connection establishment between WSNs with IOT are more energy consuming and prone to failures in terms of network life time, packet delivery ratio and delay. So the proposed methodology that uses the concatenation of clustering with neural and simple fuzzy rule based system supported by the shortest route determination to provide with an energy efficient and enhanced routing capabilities for IOT with WSNs ensures to have a route entrenchment with reduced power consumption and improvised QOS metrics. The performance analysis is done with regard to the packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, sensor network life time and delay to evidence it perfect functioning.
miR-122 Inhibits Hepatocarcinoma Cell Progression by Targeting LMNB2
Authors: Li Xiao-Na , Yang Hong , Yang Tao
Published: September 2019

In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-122 in hepatocarcinoma progression and explored the mechanism. In hepatocarcinoma tissues and cells, we used qRT-PCR to validate the miR-122 expression level. Next, we used colony formation by crystal violet staining assay to compare
cell proliferation ability, and we used scratch test or Transwell assay to compare cell migration or invasion ability. We then conducted bioinformatics or luciferase reporter gene assay to prove the regulation effect of miR-122 on lamin B2 (LMNB2), and the biological function of LMNB2 was
analyzed. We used nude mouse tumorigenicity assay to test the inhibition effect of miR-122 ASO therapy against hepatocarcinoma. miR-122 was reduced in hepatocarcinoma tissues compared to the paracarcinoma tissues, which was relatively low or high in hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC7721 or Hep3B,
and overexpressed miR-122 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion in hepatocarcinoma cells. Additionally, some reports showed that LMNB2 was regulated by miR-122, which inhibited the expression of LMNB2. Moreover, LMNB2 functioned to promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
We could achieve the inhibition of hepatocarcinoma using miR-122 therapy through decreasing LMNB2 expression in vivo. Our data indicated that miR-122 could inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma cell progression by targeting LMNB2 and as a therapeutic target for hepatocarcinoma treatment.
PRKAA1 Promotes Proliferation and Inhibits Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells Through Activating JNK1 and Akt Pathways
Authors: Zhang Yangmei , Zhou Xichang , Cheng Long , Wang Xiang , Zhang Qinglin , Zhang Youwei , Sun Sanyuan
Published: September 2019

PRKAA1 (protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit α 1) is a catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism through phosphorylation, and genetic variations in the PRKAA1 have been found to be associated
with gastric cancer risk. However, the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of PRKAA1 on gastric cancer tumorigenesis, especially the proliferation and apoptosis, are not fully understood. Our data showed that PRKAA1 is highly expressed in BGC-823 and MKN45 cells and is expressed low
in SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells in comparison with the other gastric cancer cells. PRKAA1 downregulation by shRNA or treatment of AMPK inhibitor compound C significantly inhibited proliferation as well as promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of BGC-823 and MKN45 cells. Moreover, the expression
of PCNA and Bcl-2 and the activity of JNK1 and Akt signaling were also reduced in BGC-823 and MKN45 cells after PRKAA1 downregulation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that tumor growth in nude mice was significantly inhibited after PRKAA1 silencing. Importantly, inactivation of JNK1 or Akt
signaling pathway significantly inhibited PRKAA1 overexpression-induced increased cell proliferation and decreased cell apoptosis in MGC-803 cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PRKAA1 increases proliferation and restrains apoptosis of gastric cancer cells through activating JNK1
and Akt pathways.
Small protein sequences can induce cellular uptake of complex nanohybrids
Authors: Merkl Jan-Philip , Safi Malak , Schmidtke Christian , Aldeek Fadi , Ostermann Johannes , Domitrovic Tatiana , Gärtner Sebastian , Johnson John E , Weller Horst , Mattoussi Hedi
Published: September 2019

In this letter, we highlight that a low fraction of functional fusion proteins can significantly change the interaction of complex nanohybrids with cells and induce cellular uptake.
Spitzer Phase Curves of KELT-1b and the Signatures of Nightside Clouds in Thermal Phase Observations
Authors: Beatty Thomas G. , Marley Mark S. , Gaudi B. Scott , Colón Knicole D. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Showman Adam P.
Published: September 2019

We observed two full orbital phase curves of the transiting brown dwarf KELT-1b, at 3.6 and 4.5 μm, using the Spitzer Space Telescope. Combined with previous eclipse data from Beatty et al., we strongly detect KELT-1b’s phase variation as a single sinusoid in both bands, with amplitudes of 964 ± 36 ppm at 3.6 μm and 979 ± 54 ppm at 4.5 μm, and confirm the secondary eclipse depths measured by Beatty et al. We also measure noticeable eastward hotspot offsets of 28.°4 ± 3.°5 at 3.6 μm and 18.°6 ± 5.°2 at 4.5 μm. Both the day–night temperature contrasts and the hotspot offsets we measure are in line with the trends seen in hot Jupiters, though we disagree with the recent suggestion of an offset trend by Zhang et al. Using an ensemble analysis of Spitzer phase curves, we argue that nightside clouds are playing a noticeable role in modulating the thermal emission from these objects, based on: (1) the lack of a clear trend in phase offsets with equilibrium temperature, (2) the sharp day–night transitions required to have non-negative intensity maps, which also resolves the inversion issues raised by Keating & Cowan, (3) the fact that all the nightsides of these objects appear to be at roughly the same temperature of 1000 K, while the dayside temperatures increase linearly with equilibrium temperature, and (4) the trajectories of these objects on a Spitzer color–magnitude diagram, which suggest colors only explainable via nightside clouds.
Energy Partition in Two M-class Circular-ribbon Flares
Authors: Zhang Q. M. , Cheng J. X. , Feng L. , Su Y. , Lu L. , Huang Y. , Li D. , Zhou T. H. , Chen J. L.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we investigate the energy partition of two homologous M1.1 circular-ribbon flares (CRFs) in active region (AR) 12434. They were observed by SDO, GOES, and RHESSI on 2015 October 15 and 16, respectively. The peak thermal energy, nonthermal energy of flare-accelerated electrons, total radiative loss of hot plasma, and radiant energies in 1–8 Å and 1–70 Å of the flares are calculated. The two flares have similar energetics. The peak thermal energies are (1.94 ± 0.13) × 1030 erg. The nonthermal energies in flare-accelerated electrons are (3.9 ± 0.7) × 1030 erg. The radiative outputs of the flare loops in 1–70 Å, which are ∼200 times greater than the outputs in 1–8 Å, account for ∼62.5% of the peak thermal energies. The radiative losses of SXR-emitting plasma are one order of magnitude lower than the peak thermal energies. Therefore, the total heating requirements of flare loops including radiative loss are (2.1 ± 0.1) × 1030 erg, which could sufficiently be supplied by nonthermal electrons.
How First Hydrostatic Cores, Tidal Forces, and Gravoturbulent Fluctuations Set the Characteristic Mass of Stars
Authors: Hennebelle Patrick , Lee Yueh-Ning , Chabrier Gilles
Published: September 2019

The stellar initial mass function plays a critical role in the history of our universe. We propose a theory that is based solely on local processes, namely the dust opacity limit, the tidal forces, and the properties of the collapsing gas envelope. The idea is that the final mass of the central object is determined by the location of the nearest fragments, which accrete the gas located farther away, preventing it from falling onto the central object. To estimate the relevant statistics in the neighborhood of an accreting protostar, we perform high-resolution numerical simulations. We also use these simulations to further test the idea that fragmentation in the vicinity of an existing protostar is a determinant in setting the peak of the stellar spectrum. We develop an analytical model, which is based on a statistical counting of the turbulent density fluctuations, generated during the collapse, that have a mass at least equal to the mass of the first hydrostatic core, and sufficiently important to supersede tidal and pressure forces to be self-gravitating. The analytical mass function presents a peak located at roughly 10 times the mass of the first hydrostatic core, in good agreement with the numerical simulations. Since the physical processes involved are all local, occurring at scales of a few 100 au or below, and do not depend on the gas distribution at large scale and global properties such as the mean Jeans mass, the mass spectrum is expected to be relatively universal.
Investissement direct étranger et assurance dans les pays en développement : au-delà de l’effet de revenu
Authors: Sawadogo Relwendé , Guérineau Samuel , Ouedraogo M. Idrissa
Published: September 2019

Cet article étudie l’impact des entrées d’IDE sur la pénétration de l’assurance non-vie dans 76 pays en développement sur la période 1996-2011. Il s’appuie sur deux effets bien documentés dans la littérature : i) les IDE contribuent à la croissance du revenu par tête, et ii) la hausse du revenu par tête favorise le développement des assurances, notamment de l’assurance non-vie. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce travail est de montrer que les IDE contribuent au développement du secteur des assurances au-delà de l’effet revenu. Les estimations montrent que les IDE ont bien cet effet additionnel de l’effet revenu, mais que son ampleur est conditionnée à la sécurité juridique des contrats et des personnes.
Effet des préférences individuelles sur la réussite à long terme des incitations financières à la réalisation d’objectifs de santé
Authors: Crainich David
Published: September 2019

L’article propose une analyse théorique des programmes d’incitations financières à la réalisation d’objectifs comportementaux liés à santé en distinguant leurs effets à court terme (pendant la durée du programme) et à long terme (après le programme). Notre modèle met en évidence le fait que ces programmes conduisent à l’adoption de comportements plus sains à court terme et à long terme lorsque la richesse n’augmente pas l’utilité marginale de la qualité de vie. Dans le cas contraire, c’est-à-dire lorsque la richesse et la qualité de vie sont des arguments complémentaires de la fonction d’utilité, nous montrons que ces incitations financières peuvent engendrer, une fois le programme terminé, des comportements opposés à ceux pour lesquelles elles ont été introduites. Classification JEL : D81 ; I18
Performance Evaluation and Scheme Selection of Person Re-Identification Algorithms in Video Surveillance
Authors: Lu Yu , Gu Lingchen , Liu Ju , Lan Peng
Published: September 2019

With the increasing number of camera networks deployed in public places, intelligent video processing has become a key technology for video surveillance. In order to alleviate the workload of the tracers in the artificial tracking video, person re-identification (re-id) can match a large number of pedestrian images to obtain the location of same person at different time in surveillance. This article focuses on the comparison of different classic distance metric learning methods so as to select optimum person re-identification scheme with excellent performance. The authors compare four algorithms matching Local Maximal Occurrence (LOMO) feature representation on three common databases and obtains a criterion to choose algorithms for different datasets. The selection of re-identification algorithms can simplify the video investigation process according to the size and number of person images. In the end, they propose an improved metric learning based on one of algorithms and get improved results. The re-id is useful and efficient in works such as the criminal investigators etc.
Process Design Kit and Design Automation for Flexible Hybrid Electronics
Authors: Huang Tsung-Ching , Lei Ting , Shao Leilai , Sivapurapu Sridhar , Swaminathan Madhavan , Bao Zhenan , Cheng Kwang-Ting , Beausoleil Raymond
Published: September 2019

High-performance low-cost flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) are desirable for applications such as internet of things and wearable electronics. Carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-film transistor (TFT) is a promising candidate for high-performance FHE because of its high carrier mobility, superior mechanical flexibility, and material compatibility with low-cost printing and solution processes. Flexible sensors and peripheral CNT-TFT circuits, such as decoders, drivers, and sense amplifiers, can be printed and hybrid-integrated with thinned (<50 μm) silicon chips on soft, thin, and flexible substrates for a wide range of applications, from flexible displays to wearable medical devices. Here, we report (1) a process design kit (PDK) to enable FHE design automation for large-scale FHE circuits and (2) solution process-proven intellectual property blocks for TFT circuits design, including Pseudo-Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (Pseudo-CMOS) flexible digital logic and analog amplifiers. The FHE-PDK is fully compatible with popular silicon design tools for design and simulation of hybrid-integrated flexible circuits.
Moisture-Resistant Sealing Materials for Downhole HPHT Electrical Feedthrough Package
Authors: Xia Hua , Settles Nelson , DeWire David
Published: September 2019

A bismuth oxide–based multicomponent glass system, xH3BO3-yBi2O3-(1-x-y-δ)MO-δ· rare earth oxides (REOs) with MO = TiO2, BaO, ZnO, Fe2O3, etc., and lanthanum series–based REOs, for making downhole high-pressure and high-temperature electrical feedthrough package has been developed using high-temperature melt-quenching and sintering technologies. By properly controlling phase structures in material-manufacturing processes, the obtained sealing materials have shown moisture-resistant properties in their monoclinic and tetragonal mixed phase structures but strongly hydrophobic properties in their covalent bond tetragonal phase. Sealed electrical feedthrough packages have been evaluated under boiling water immersion and 200°C/30,000 PSI water-fluid–simulated downhole harsh environments. The post electrical insulation measurement has demonstrated to be greater than 1.0 × 1014 Ω electrical resistance. This article will show that such a high–bonding strength and high–insulation strength sealing material could be used to seal electrical feed-throughs and connectors for 300°C/30,000 PSI downhole and subsea wireline, logging while drilling, and measurement while drilling tools' signal, data, and electrical power transmissions.
Метод Кротова в задачах оптимального управления замкнутыми квантовыми системами
Authors: Morzhin Oleg Vasilevich , Pechen Alexander Nikolaevich
Published: September 2019

Математические задачи оптимального управления квантовыми системами привлекают высокий интерес в связи как с фундаментальными проблемами физики, так и с существующими и перспективными приложениями для квантовых технологий. Важной проблемой является разработка методов построения управлений для квантовых систем. Одним из широко используемых методов является метод Кротова, предложенный изначально вне квантового управления в статьях В. Ф. Кротова и И. Н. Фельдмана (1978, 1983 гг.). Этот метод был применен для разработки нового подхода к построению оптимальных управлений для квантовых систем в работах [64] (D. J. Tannor, V. Kazakov, V. Orlov, 1992 г.), [65] (J. Somlói, V. A. Kazakov, D. J. Tannor, 1993 г.) и во многих других работах различных исследователей. Обзор посвящен математическим аспектам этого метода для оптимального управления замкнутыми квантовыми системами. Излагаются различные варианты метода, отличающиеся видом улучшающей функции (как правило, линейной или линейно-квадратичной), ограничениями на спектр управления и на состояния квантовой системы, регуляризаторами и т. д. Обзор описывает приложения метода Кротова к управлению молекулярной динамикой и конденсатом Бозе-Эйнштейна, а также к генерации квантовых вентилей. Проводится сравнение с методами GRAPE (GRadient Ascent Pulse Engineering), CRAB (Chopped Random-Basis), Чжу-Рабица и Мадея-Туриничи.
Библиография: 158 названий.
Чебышeвский центр множества, константа Юнга и их приложения
Authors: Alimov Alexey Rostislavovich , Tsar'kov Igor' Germanovich
Published: September 2019

Приближение конкретных функциональных классов является самой распространенной тематикой теории приближения функций. Один из важных случаев этого направления - задача о чебышeвском центре и радиусе. Как выясняется, эта задача не только является частным случаем колмогоровского поперечника, но и таинственным образом связана с другими важными характеристиками и утверждениями из теории функций и более общих разделов математического анализа и геометрии. Обзору современного состояния этой проблематики и ее приложениям посвящена настоящая работа.
Библиография: 169 названий.
Pursuing knowledge for its own sake amidst a world of poverty: reconsidering Balogun on philosophy’s relevance
Authors: Metz Thaddeus
Published: September 2019

In this article I critically discuss Professor Oladele Abiodun Balogun’s reflections on the proper final ends of doing philosophy and related sorts of abstract, speculative, or theoretical inquiry. Professor Balogun appears to argue that one should undertake philosophical studies only insofar as they are likely to make a practical difference to people’s lives, particularly by contributing to politico-economic development, or, in other words, that one should eschew seeking knowledge for its own sake. However, there is one line of thought from Professor Balogun, about philosophy being able to make life meaningful, that I argue ultimately––perhaps contrary to his intentions–– entails that it can be appropriate to some degree to pursue philosophy that is unlikely to ameliorate poverty and similar social ills. My central aims in this article are to identify Professor Balogun’s strongest argument against pursuing any knowledge for its own sake and to argue that an appeal to meaningfulness constitutes a strong, competing reason to seek out some of it.Keywords: Development, Higher Education, Knowledge for Its Own Sake, Meaning of Life, Meta-philosophy, Poverty, Social Relevance
Reincarnation, resurrection and the question of representation
Authors: Majeed Hasskei , Ramose Mogobe
Published: September 2019

This article discusses critically the problems and significance of the concepts of reincarnation and the resurrection. It focuses on the contemporary debate on this topic between Robert Almeder and Stephen Hales. The Akan understanding of these concepts is invoked showing the contrast and,even comparison between the African and the Western understanding of the concepts. It is suggested in this article that the arguments for these concepts could still be ameliorated. This point is taken up by Ramose’s focus on the issues that arise from the critical discussion. Ramose points out that the concept of immortality requires a special place in the discussion since it is the axis around which both reincarnation and resurrection revolve. He  complements the discussion accordingly. He further argues that the topic is as relevant today as it was since the dawn of humankind. Any attempt to exclude or discard the topic from philosophy is both questionable and an arbitrary limitation of the scope and meaning of philosophy.2Keywords: ‘God’, ‘the soul’, immortality, reincarnation, resurrection, the body
Book Review: African Philosophy: Reflections on Yoruba Metaphysics and Jurisprudence
Authors: Oduwole Ebunoluwa Olufemi
Published: September 2019

Book Title: African Philosophy: Reflections on Yoruba Metaphysics and JurisprudenceBook Author: Oladele Abiodun BalogunPublisher: Xcel Publishers. Pages: 387. Year of Publication: 2018
Conhecimento matemático para o ensino de escala apresentada em gráficos nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Cavalcanti Milka Rossana Guerra , Guimarães Gilda Lisbôa
Published: September 2019

Este estudo buscou estabelecer Conhecimentos Matemáticos para o Ensino de escala (Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching – MKT, Ball e colaboradores 2008) apresentada em gráficos estatísticos. A partir da revisão da literatura e de uma pesquisa diagnóstica com crianças e adultos dos anos iniciais, estabelecemos as habilidades necessárias para a compreensão de escala nos anos iniciais para cada tipo de Conhecimento Matemático para o Ensino. O Conhecimento Matemático para o Ensino de Escala não deve ser apenas teórico/epistemológico, mas deve instrumentalizar o professor para reconhecer uma resposta errada, dimensionar a natureza do erro, ter familiaridade com os erros comuns cometidos pelos alunos, planejar uma abordagem de ensino capaz de superar o erro, conhecer o livro didático e o currículo e também compreender que tipo de complexificação pode ser feita ao trabalhar este conceito no evoluir da escolaridade.
A modelagem matemática e o letramento estatístico no ensino de gráficos
Authors: Campos Celso Ribeiro , Coutinho Cileda De Queiroz e Silva
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar um projeto de modelagem matemática no qual os alunos da disciplina de Estatística de um curso de serviço em graduação são convidados a pesquisar gráficos estatísticos com o intuito de fazer uma análise crítica. À luz do conceito de letramento estatístico presente nos fundamentos da Educação Estatística, trabalhamos conjuntamente a competência crítica nesse projeto, que resultou em um aproveitamento bastante satisfatório dos alunos. Divididos em grupos, os alunos pesquisaram diferentes jornais, revistas e mídias digitais, construíram um relatório e fizeram uma breve apresentação dos seus resultados. Diversos casos de uso inadequado ou equivocado de gráficos foram apresentados e o engajamento dos alunos na atividade foi bastante proveitoso. Por fim, percebemos um desenvolvimento do letramento estatístico no que se refere ao estudo de gráficos, bem como ficou evidenciada a competência crítica nos alunos.
Mapeamento de pesquisas sobre Educação Estatística na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações: um olhar para a formação de professores de Matemática
Authors: Schreiber Karla Priscila , Porciúncula Mauren
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem por finalidade apresentar um mapeamento da produção científica no Brasil, a partir de teses e dissertações que contemplaram pesquisas relacionadas à Educação Estatística, evidenciando uma descrição e análise dos trabalhos associados à formação de professores de Matemática. O mapeamento foi realizado na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações – BDTD, com as palavras-chave “educação estatística”, “ensino de estatística”, “tratamento da informação” e “gráficos e tabelas”, identificando 23 teses e 97 dissertações. Dentre estas, foram selecionadas para descrição e análise, as 11 pesquisas que apresentaram investigações relacionadas à formação do professor de Matemática, foco da investigação apresentada neste artigo. Com o mapeamento, foi possível constatar um aumento do número de pesquisas de pós-graduação disponíveis na BDTD, na área da Educação Estatística, especialmente a partir de 2007, além de um predomínio dos estudos envolvendo a Educação Básica. Especificamente, em relação à formação de professores de Matemática, os estudos abordaram, predominantemente, questões curriculares, concepções de pesquisadores da área da Educação Estatística, práticas pedagógicas, estratégias de ensino e conceitos estatísticos. Com isso, pode-se destacar a importância destas discussões, considerando que propiciam a compreensão das potencialidades e das fragilidades da produção acadêmica em relação à formação do professor de Matemática em Estatística.
Mapeamento do uso do geoGebra no ensino de estatística
Authors: Tavares Fernando Gonzales , Lopes Celi Espasandin
Published: September 2019

Neste artigo apresenta-se um levantamento de dados obtido no banco de teses e dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), disponíveis através de documentos de origem da Plataforma Sucupira de 2013 a março de 2019. Este mapeamento refere-se à produção de dissertações e teses com foco no ensino da Estatística com o uso do software GeoGebra no Ensino Fundamental, Médio e Superior. Utilizando a palavra “Geogebra”, foram encontrados 1030 registros e, após refinar a busca, usando operadores booleanos com o descritor “GeoGebra AND (Estatística OR Probabilidade)”, o número diminuiu para 657 registros, dos quais somente 16 trabalhos, relacionavam, em seu resumo, a pesquisa com o ensino de Estatística ou Probabilidade. Como resultado, constatou-se existirem poucas pesquisas de mestrado e somente uma de doutorado voltada para o uso do software GeoGebra no ensino de Estatística, embora a aplicação do software no estudo de funções e geometria tenha sido foco na maioria dos 1030 trabalhos analisados.
Um cenário da Educação Estatística em cursos de Pedagogia
Authors: Conti Keli Cristina , Nunes Luciana Neves , Goulart Amari , Estevam Everton José Goldoni
Published: September 2019

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa motivada por inquietações a respeito da formação do professor que ensina Matemática nos primeiros anos da Educação Básica. O estudo objetiva traçar um cenário de cursos de Pedagogia no que diz respeito à presença da Estatística em seus currículos prescritos. O corpus do estudo consiste em instituições públicas da Região Sul do Brasil. Para a pesquisa documental, do tipo exploratória, foram obtidas informações das matrizes curriculares e súmulas/ementas das disciplinas de 37 cursos (dos 40 existentes). Para se produzirem os resultados do estudo documental foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e para a análise foram construídas nuvens de palavras, as quais se associam a uma análise qualitativa e exploratória. Os achados sugerem um desalinhamento entre as demandas apontadas pelos currículos prescritos para os Anos Inicias do Ensino Fundamental e as ementas dos cursos de Pedagogia analisados. Enquanto os currículos impõem demandas complexas para o ensino de Estatística na Educação Básica, as disciplinas do curso de formação apresentam tímida presença de saberes estatísticos, tanto aqueles específicos a se ensinar quanto os pedagógicos, demandados para ensinar Estatística. Isso evidencia, portanto, a necessidade de se reverem os componentes curriculares na formação inicial de modo a explicitar nos currículos prescritos a necessidade e intenção de desenvolver tanto conhecimentos estatísticos quanto pedagógicos relacionados à Estatística.
Editorial
Authors: Samá Suzi
Published: September 2019

Edição Especial Educação Estatística
Terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux estimated using GOSAT and OCO-2 XCO2 retrievals
Authors: Wang Hengmao , Jiang Fei , Wang Jun , Ju Weimin , Chen Jing M.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In this study, both the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and the
Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) XCO2 retrievals produced by the NASA
Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) project (version b7.3)
are assimilated within the GEOS-Chem 4D-Var assimilation framework to
constrain the terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux during 1 October 2014 to 31 December 2015. One inversion for the comparison, using in situ CO2
observations, and another inversion as a benchmark for the simulated
atmospheric CO2 distributions of the real inversions, using global
atmospheric CO2 trends and referred to as the poor-man inversion, are also
conducted. The estimated global and regional carbon fluxes for 2015 are
shown and discussed. CO2 observations from surface flask sites and
XCO2 retrievals from Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) sites are used to evaluate the simulated
concentrations with the posterior carbon fluxes. Globally, the terrestrial
ecosystem carbon sink (excluding biomass burning emissions) estimated from
GOSAT data is stronger than that inferred from OCO-2 data, weaker than the
in situ inversion and matches the poor-man inversion the best.
Regionally, in most regions, the land sinks inferred from GOSAT data are
also stronger than those from OCO-2 data, and in North America, Asia and
Europe, the carbon sinks inferred from GOSAT inversion are comparable to
those from in situ inversion. For the latitudinal distribution of land
sinks, the satellite-based inversions suggest a smaller boreal and tropical
sink but larger temperate sinks in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere
than the in situ inversion. However, OCO-2 and GOSAT generally do not agree
on which continent contains the smaller or larger sinks. Evaluations using
flask and TCCON observations and the comparisons with in situ and poor-man
inversions suggest that only GOSAT and the in situ inversions perform better
than a poor-man solution. GOSAT data can effectively improve the carbon
flux estimates in the Northern Hemisphere, while OCO-2 data, with the specific
version used in this study, show only slight improvement. The differences
of inferred land fluxes between GOSAT and OCO-2 inversions in different
regions are mainly related to the spatial coverage, the data amount and the
biases of these two satellite XCO2 retrievals.
An optimized tracer-based approach for estimating organic carbon emissions from biomass burning in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Authors: Nirmalkar Jayant , Batmunkh Tsatsral , Jung Jinsang
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The impact of biomass burning (BB) on atmospheric particulate matter of
Aerosol pH and liquid water content determine when particulate matter is sensitive to ammonia and nitrate availability
Authors: Nenes Athanasios , Pandis Spyros N. , Weber Rodney J. , Russell Armistead
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3) from anthropogenic and biogenic emissions are central contributors to particulate matter (PM) concentrations worldwide. The response of PM to changes in the emissions of both compounds is typically studied on a case-by-case basis, owing in part to the complex thermodynamic interactions of these aerosol precursors with other PM constituents. Here we present a simple but thermodynamically consistent approach that expresses the chemical domains of sensitivity of aerosol particulate matter to NH3 and HNO3 availability in terms of aerosol pH and liquid water content. From our analysis, four policy-relevant regimes emerge in terms of sensitivity: (i) NH3-dominated, (ii) HNO3-dominated, (iii) combined NH3 and HNO3 sensitive, and, (iv) a domain where neither NH3 and HNO3 are important for PM levels (but only nonvolatile precursors such as NVCs and sulfate). When this framework is applied to ambient measurements or predictions of PM and gaseous precursors, the chemical regime of PM sensitivity to NH3 and HNO3 availability is directly determined. The use of these regimes allows novel insights and is an important tool to evaluate chemical transport models. With this extended understanding, aerosol pH and associated liquid water content naturally emerge as previously ignored state parameters that drive PM formation.
Resolving the effects of 2-D versus 3-D grain measurements on apatite (U–Th) ∕ He age data and reproducibility
Authors: Cooperdock Emily H. G. , Ketcham Richard A. , Stockli Daniel F.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. (U–Th) ∕ He thermochronometry relies on the accurate and
precise quantification of individual grain volume and surface area, which
are used to calculate mass, alpha ejection (FT) correction, equivalent
sphere radius (ESR), and ultimately isotope concentrations and age. The vast
majority of studies use 2-D or 3-D microscope dimension measurements and an
idealized grain shape to calculate these parameters, and a long-standing
question is how much uncertainty these assumptions contribute to observed
intra-sample age dispersion and accuracy. Here we compare the results for
volume, surface area, grain mass, ESR, and FT correction derived from
2-D microscope and 3-D X-ray computed tomography (CT) length and width data
for > 100 apatite grains. We analyzed apatite grains from two
samples that exhibited a variety of crystal habits, some with inclusions. We
also present 83 new apatite (U–Th) ∕ He ages to assess the influence of 2-D versus 3-D FT correction on sample age precision and effective uranium
(eU). The data illustrate that the 2-D approach systematically overestimates
grain volumes and surface areas by 20 %–25 %, impacting the estimates for
mass, eU, and ESR – important parameters with implications for interpreting
age scatter and inverse modeling. FT factors calculated from 2-D and 3-D
measurements differ by ∼2 %. This variation, however, has
effectively no impact on reducing intra-sample age reproducibility, even on
small aliquot samples (e.g., four grains). We also present a grain-mounting
procedure for X-ray CT scanning that can allow hundreds of grains to be scanned
in a single session and new software capabilities for 3-D FT and
FT-based ESR calculations that are robust for relatively low-resolution
CT data, which together enable efficient and cost-effective CT-based
characterization.
The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET v2.0) for improved remote sensing analysis of coastal flooding
Authors: Cohen Sagy , Raney Austin , Munasinghe Dinuke , Loftis J. Derek , Molthan Andrew , Bell Jordan , Rogers Laura , Galantowicz John , Brakenridge G. Robert , Kettner Albert J. , Huang Yu-Fen , Tsang Yin-Phan
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Remote sensing analysis is routinely used to map flooding
extent either retrospectively or in near-real time. For flood emergency
response, remote-sensing-based flood mapping is highly valuable as it can
offer continued observational information about the flood extent over large
geographical domains. Information about the floodwater depth across the
inundated domain is important for damage assessment, rescue, and
prioritizing of relief resource allocation, but cannot be readily estimated from
remote sensing analysis. The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET) was
developed to augment remote sensing analysis by calculating water depth
based solely on an inundation map with an associated digital elevation model
(DEM). The tool was shown to be accurate and was used in flood response
activations by the Global Flood Partnership. Here we present a new version
of the tool, FwDET v2.0, which enables water depth estimation for coastal
flooding. FwDET v2.0 features a new flood boundary identification scheme
which accounts for the lack of confinement of coastal flood domains at the
shoreline. A new algorithm is used to calculate the local floodwater
elevation for each cell, which improves the tool's runtime by a factor of 15
and alleviates inaccurate local boundary assignment across permanent water
bodies. FwDET v2.0 is evaluated against physically based hydrodynamic
simulations in both riverine and coastal case studies. The results show good
correspondence, with an average difference of 0.18 and 0.31 m for the
coastal (using a 1 m DEM) and riverine (using a 10 m DEM) case studies,
respectively. A FwDET v2.0 application of using remote-sensing-derived flood
maps is presented for three case studies. These case studies showcase FwDET v2.0 ability to efficiently provide a synoptic assessment of floodwater.
Limitations include challenges in obtaining high-resolution DEMs and
increases in uncertainty when applied for highly fragmented flood inundation
domains.
Claves del minimalismo en el diseño gráfico contemporáneo: concepto y rasgos visuales
Authors: Suárez-Carballo Fernando
Published: September 2019

Numerosos autores se refieren al minimalismo como una de las tendencias más influyentes en la historia del diseño gráfico, un estilo que, a su vez, experimenta un importante auge en la actualidad. Sin embargo, existe cierta confusión sobre el significado concreto del término (a partir de su original vinculación con el arte y su relación con la simplicidad) y, al mismo tiempo, se observa la aparición de atributos peculiares en la obra de varios diseñadores gráficos contemporáneos. Para realizar con rigor una aproximación semántica del concepto y descifrar estas singularidades visuales, el estudio recurre a dos técnicas metodológicas (una investigación de tipo documental y un análisis exploratorio) y realiza una revisión histórica que se detiene de forma muy especial en la Bauhaus y el Estilo Internacional como los dos movimientos modernistas que influyeron de forma más decisiva en la promoción y consolidación de este estilo. El artículo concluye que existe una notable incertidumbre en el uso del término —aunque, en general, tiende a identificarse con aquellas soluciones visuales basadas en la máxima simplicidad— y revela nuevas licencias estilísticas que conducen a una suerte de Neo-minimalismo: en este nuevo paradigma, la tradicional economía de elementos se combina con ingredientes como el rechazo de la retícula, una composición más espontánea, mayor libertad en los recursos tipográficos y cromáticos y un poso vernáculo que lo aproxima a una variante del no-diseño posmoderno.
El legado de la Bauhaus en las prácticas pedagógicas para el estudio del color: metodologías aplicadas a estudiantes de diseño multimedia y gráfico
Authors: Báscones Reina Noelia
Published: September 2019

El estudio del color ha estado muy presente en la formación de los estudiantes de las diferentes escuelas de arte y diseño a lo largo de toda su historia. En este sentido la escuela de la Bauhaus fue pionera en establecer las bases teóricas que han servido de referente en las prácticas pedagógicas posteriores y que aun siguen vigentes en la actualidad. No obstante, los continuos avances tecnológicos han proporcionado nuevas herramientas de gestión y de trabajo, lo que necesariamente provoca un cambio de paradigma en el desarrollo de una metodología educativa adaptada a las necesidades del estudiante del siglo XXI. El presente estudio pretende recopilar de forma breve las principales teorías sobre el color, analizar su evolución, revisar sus variaciones y modificaciones así como sus versiones más actualizadas y posibilidades de intervención y actualización con la finalidad de crear una herramienta de consulta útil y práctica para el estudio, uso y aplicación del color, especialmente en aquellas áreas de conocimiento vinculadas a las enseñanzas de arte y diseño. Por este motivo, se plantea un caso de estudio enmarcado dentro de las enseñanzas superiores de arte y diseño y se hace a través de la puesta en marcha de propuestas pedagógicas inspiradas en las aportaciones de los diferentes maestros de la Bauhaus en aras de construir un marco de referencia que aúne conocimientos teórico-prácticos mediante la experimentación con la materia de estudio.
Publicidad de marcas líderes ante la crisis
Authors: Caride Manuel
Published: September 2019

La reciente crisis económica ha cambiado nuestra realidad. Las marcas líderes han aprovechado la ocasión para mostrar a través de la publicidad su capacidad de resistencia y su fortaleza ante los envites provocados por la crisis.

El presente artículo analiza los mensajes publicitarios de tres marcas líderes, estudiando tres piezas de spots publicitarios –una por cada marca– para ello se utiliza la técnica del análisis de contenido. Este estudio nos permitirá reconocer el empleo que estas marcas líderes han hecho de la crisis económica en sus mensajes publicitarios y conocer cuáles son las razones que motivan que estas marcas recurran a la crisis en sus mensajes publicitarios.