bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Amino Acid Based Mutual Amide Prodrugs of Phenytoin as Anticonvulsant Agents
Authors: Jangam Sampada , Deodhar Meenakshi , Wankhede Sagar
Published: November 2020

Background:

Phenytoin (5,5-diphenyl hydantoin) has poor water solubility, which
results in incomplete oral availability. Other problems associated with the oral and intramuscular
administration of phenytoin are gastric irritation and inflammation at the site of injection.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to synthesize mutual amide prodrugs of phenytoin by
using amino acids like glycine, L-tryptophan, L-lysine and taurine.

Methods:

These prodrugs were synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared
(FTIR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Mass Spectra. Physical and spectral
characterization was performed by determination of solubility, maximum wavelength, partition
coefficient (log P), ionization constant (pKa), specific (α) and molar rotation (μ), refractive index
(n), specific refraction (RS) and molar refraction (RM).

Results:

The results obtained from solubility and log P values determination indicated that phenytoin
prodrugs can be administered by oral as well as a parenteral route by minimizing the limitations
associated with phenytoin. Anticonvulsant activity of prodrugs (4a-4d) was evaluated by using
maximal electroshock (MES) and strychnine induced seizure test on albino mice of either sex
weighing 25-30 g in which 4b and 4d were found to have significant anticonvulsant activity for
MES and strychnine induced seizure test. In vitro enzymatic hydrolysis study of 4b and 4d was
performed on liver, intestinal mucosa and plasma sample of male Sprague Dawley rats weighing
280-300 g in which phenytoin was eluted at 10.13 to 10.68 minutes at 220 nm.

Conclusion:

The results obtained from the present work showed that amino acid-based mutual
prodrug strategy can be a promising method to increase the solubility and anticonvulsant activity
of phenytoin for the development of anticonvulsant agents.
Development and implementation of the first domestic automobile-carrying cars for the transportation of automobiles in the passenger trains
Authors: Samoshkin S. L. , Korshunov S. D. , Samoshkin O. S. , Udel’nov A. G. , Semenov D. V.
Published: November 2020

One of the activities of the JSC “FPK” is the creation of competitive advantages for passenger rail transport by formulating proposals for the provision of new services in long-distance trains. Currently, there is a need for intercity and even international transportation of automobiles for passengers traveling on long-distance trains.

To resolve this issue, the JSC “FPK” developed a technical task, according to which the PKTB L JSC “RZD” designed a specialized passenger car for the transportation of automobiles in the long-distance trains. It was created on the basis of a 47D model car built in Germany, which was modernized during its overhaul.

Prototype of the new car has passed a full range of tests in accordance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union (TR CU) 001/2011 at the test center of the JSC NO “TIV”. Based on the positive results of the dynamic-strength, fireprevention, electrical and other tests, the Voronezh Car Repair Plant received from the Federal Agency for Railway Transport a certificate of compliance with the requirements of the TR CU and the right to manufacture an initial batch of cars.

During impact tests, the low reliability of the standard thrustscrew fastening of the car wheels was established. In order to eliminate the noted drawback, a lock-cable mount was developed. Repeated impact tests have confirmed the effectiveness of the new wheel mounting design.

Operation of the first batch of cars (8 and 5 units) showed a great demand for this type of service, especially on the directions Moscow—St. Petersburg—Moscow, Moscow—Helsinki—Moscow, Moscow—Adler—Moscow. In this regard, the issue of the development and manufacture of new cars with improved performance indicators (increasing the number of transported automobiles to 8–10 units instead of 4–5 units in the operated cars) is being worked out.
Pemanfaatan lingkungan sekitar sebagai sumber belajar terhadap berpikir kreatif siswa
Authors: Kurniawan Wahyu Jati , Prasetyo Zuhdan Kun
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanfaatan lingkungan sekitar sebagai sumber belajar terhadap berpikir kreatif pada pembelajaran tematik integrative siswa kelas IV SD. Penelitian dilakukan di SDN Warureja 01 dan SDN Warureja 02 Kabupaten Tegal. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan meliputi observasi, lembar validasi ahli dan lembar tes berpikir kreatif. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi-eksperiment dengan desain pretest-posttest control group design. Uji normalitas dilakukan dengan metode Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan uji homogenitas data menggunakan Box’M test. Data dianalisis dengan pengujian hipotesis yaitu uji beda rata-rata univariat menggunakan independent sample t-test dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pemanfaatan lingkungan sekitar sebagai sumber belajar berpengaruh terhadap berpikir kreatif dengan nilai signifikansi 0,037< 0.05.AbstractThis study aimed to know the Effect of the Surrounding Environment as a Learning Resource on Creative Thinking to the 4th Grade Students of State Elementary Schools. in integrative thematic learning of the fourth grade of State Elementary Schools. The study was conducted at SDN Warureja 01 and SDN Warureja 02 Tegal Regency. The research instruments used included observation, expert validation sheets, and creative thinking test sheets. The type of research used was quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest design nonequivalent control group design. The normality test was done by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method and homogeneity test using the Box'M test. The Data were analyzed by hypothesis testing beginning with univariate mean difference test using independent sample t-test with a 5% significance level. The results showed that: the utilization of the surrounding environment as a source of learning approach affects the creative thinking, the significance level of 0,037< 0.05.
Analisis hubungan sikap toleransi siswa terhadap hasil belajar siswa
Authors: Febria Anna Mepti , Riantoni Cicyn , Emiwati Emiwati
Published: November 2020

Karakter adalah fondasi bangsa yang sangat penting dan perlu ditanamkan sejak dini kepada anak-anak. Namun, proses pendidikan masih belum ber-hasil membangun manusia Indonesia yang berkarakter, dan hasil belajar merupakan sesuatu yang didapatkan melalui proses belajar, baik didapatkan di sekolah, lingkungan sosial maupun di keluarga. Kami melakukan pene-litian terhadap siswa Sekolah Mengah Pertama, tentang apakah karakter siswa mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian survey menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah uji asumsi yaitu uji normalitas dan linieritas, dan uji hipotesis yaitu uji korelasi atau statistik parametrik. subjek dalam pene-litian ini adalah siswa SMPN 5 Muaro Jambi. hasil dari penelitian ini Ter-dapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan semua variabel bebas X (angket sikap toleransi siswa) terhadap variabel terikat Y (hasil belajar siswa) baik pada kelas VIII-C maupun pada kelas VIII-D yang dibuktikan dengan uji statistik parametrik atau uji korelasi pearson dimana nilai sig < 0,05.AbstractCharacter is the foundation of the nation that is very important and needs. However, the educational process still has not succeeded in building Indonesian human character, and learning outcomes are something that is obtained through the learning process, both obtained in school, social environment, and the family. We research the students of junior high school, about whether student character influences student learning outcomes. This study uses a type of survey research. The data of this the study uses quantitative data, the data analysis technique in this study is the assumption test, namely the test for normality and linearity, and hypothesis testing, namely the correlation test or parametric statistics. the subjects in this study were students of SMPN 5 MUARO JAMBI. the results of this study There is a positive and significant effect of all independent variables X (student attitude tolerance questionnaire) on the dependent variable Y (student learning outcomes) both in class VIII-C and in-class VIII-D as evidenced by parametric statistical tests or correlation tests Pearson where the value is sig <0.05.
Relevansi berpikir matematis terhadap perkembangan psikososial berbasis teksonomi bloom dalam pembelajaran matematika
Authors: Fendrik Muhammad
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dari pentingnya pembelajaran matematika untuk melatih berpikir matematis terhadap perkembangan psikososial berbasis Taksonomi Bloom bagi siswa sekolah dasar. Hal ini terlihat dari asumsi guru di lapangan, yakni bahwa siswa dikatakan telah mengusai materi yang diberikan bila telah memperoleh nilai yang baik dari suatu tes. Ditambah dari beberapa survei Internasional seperti WEF, TIMSS, dan PISA yang menyebutkan bahwa capaian pembelajaran matematika anak-anak Indonesia masih jauh dari kata yang menggembirakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan dengan memilah-milah sumber referensi yang terkait untuk dapat dikaji dan dianalisis secara komprehensif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah guru harus memperhatikan tingkatan Taksonomi Bloom yang tepat, termasuk dalam membuat dan menyusun soal yang berguna untuk melatih berpikir matematis dalam kehidupan sehari-hari yang juga harus ditunjang dari lingkungan sosial siswa agar dapat mencapai tujuan pembelajaran pembelajaran matematika sekolah dasar.
Kemiskinan dan pembangunan sektor pendidikan di Kabupaten Ngawi: merumuskan isu strategis
Authors: Sidik Fajar
Published: November 2020

Tulisan ini bertujuan menjelaskan problem kemiskinan dan kinerja pembangunan sektor pendidikan di Kabupaten Ngawi. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk mencermati kaitan antara kinerja pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Ngawi, kesejahteraan penduduk dicermati dari dimensi pendidikan, dan dampak pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil kinerja pembangunan sektor pendidikan tahun 2016-2018 belum mampu optimal dalam mencapai target yang direncanakan dan menyebabkan rendahnya kualitas kesejahteraan (pendidikan) yang diterima penduduk miskin. Kualitas kesejahteraan (pendidikan) yang masih rendah telah berkontribusi terhadap persoalan pengangguran yang terjadi saat ini. Isu strategis yang perlu segera direspon dan ditindaklanjuti, antara lain; (1) meningkatkan akses pendidikan, (2) meningkatkan pemberantasan buta huruf, dan (3) menjalin kerjasama dengan Provinsi Jawa Timur untuk meningkatkan kualitas lulusan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan.AbstractThis paper aims to explain the problem of poverty and the performance of development in the education sector in Ngawi Regency. This research is focused on examining the link between the performance of the local government of Ngawi Regency, the welfare of the population being examined from the educational dimension, and the impact of education. This research uses the library method. The results showed that the results of the education sector development performance in 2016-2018 were not able to be optimal in achieving the planned targets and caused the low quality of welfare (education) received by the poor. The low quality of welfare (education) has contributed to the current unemployment problem. Strategic issues that need to be immediately responded and acted upon include; (1) increasing access to education, (2) increasing illiteracy eradication, and (3) establishing cooperation with the Province of East Java to improve the quality of vocational high school graduates.
Enfoques Teorías y Perspectivas de la Administración y sus Programas Académicos/9789585547773
Authors: Jarava Otero Sandra
Published: November 2020

Los programas académicos de Instituciones de Educación Superior deben orientarse y ajustarse eventualmente a las demandas sociales y económicas del entono local, regional y mundial; es por ello que surge la necesidad de conocer los fundamentos teóricos y epistemológicos que los soportan, las principales disciplinas que los conforman, así como los distintos los procesos históricos de desarrollo que han tenido hasta llegar a la actualidad. De igual manera se requiere comprender la dinámica del territorio y las tendencias de frontera que van a determinar el camino del quehacer de los programas en los años venideros
Web-based Self-help Program for Adjustment Problems After an Accident (SelFIT): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hegy Julia Katharina , Brog Noemi Anja , Berger Thomas , Znoj Hansjoerg
Published: November 2020

Background

Accidents and the resulting injuries are among the world’s biggest health care issues, often causing long-term effects on psychological and physical health. With regard to psychological consequences, accidents can cause a wide range of burdens including adjustment problems. Although adjustment problems are among the most frequent mental health problems, there are few specific interventions available. The newly developed program SelFIT (German acronym: Selber wieder fit nach einem Unfall; “fit again after an accident”) aims to remedy this situation by offering a low-threshold, web-based self-help intervention for psychological distress after an accident.

Objective

The overall aim is to evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the SelFIT program plus care as usual (CAU) compared to only CAU. Furthermore, the program’s user-friendliness, acceptance, and adherence are assessed. We expect that the use of SelFIT will be associated with a greater reduction in psychological distress, greater improvement in mental and physical well-being, and greater cost-effectiveness compared to CAU.

Methods

Adults (n=240) experiencing adjustment problems due to an accident they had between 2 weeks and 2 years before entering the study will be randomized into either the intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group receive direct access to SelFIT. The control group receives access to the program after 12 weeks. There are 6 measurement points for both groups (baseline as well as after 4, 8, 12, 24, and 36 weeks). The main outcome is a reduction in anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms that indicate adjustment problems. Secondary outcomes include well-being, optimism, embitterment, self-esteem, self-efficacy, emotion regulation, pain, costs of health care consumption, and productivity loss, as well as the program’s adherence, acceptance, and user-friendliness.

Results

Recruitment began in December 2019 and will continue at least until January 2021, with the option to extend this for another 6 months until July 2021. As of July 2020, 324 people have shown interest in participating, and 48 people have given their informed consent.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining a web-based self-help program designed to treat adjustment problems resulting from an accident. If effective, the program could complement the still limited offerings for secondary and tertiary prevention of psychological distress after an accident.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03785912; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03785912

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/21200
Analysis of Scientific Publications During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Topic Modeling Study (Preprint)
Authors: Älgå Andreas , Eriksson Oskar , Nordberg Martin
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread at an alarming speed, and effective treatment for the disease is still lacking. The body of evidence on COVID-19 has been increasing at an impressive pace, creating the need for a method to rapidly assess the current knowledge and identify key information. Gold standard methods such as systematic reviews and meta-analyses are regarded unsuitable because they have a narrow scope and are very time consuming.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the published scientific literature on COVID-19 and map the research evolution during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

We performed a PubMed search to analyze the titles, keywords, and abstracts of published papers on COVID-19. We used latent Dirichlet allocation modeling to extract topics and conducted a trend analysis to understand the temporal changes in research for each topic, journal impact factor (JIF), and geographic origin.

RESULTS

Based on our search, we identified 16,670 relevant articles dated between February 14, 2020, and June 1, 2020. Of these, 6 articles were reports from peer-reviewed randomized trials on patients with COVID-19. We identified 14 main research topics, of which the most common topics were health care responses (2812/16,670, 16.86%) and clinical manifestations (1828/16,670, 10.91%). We found an increasing trend for research on clinical manifestations and protective measures and a decreasing trend for research on disease transmission, epidemiology, health care response, and radiology. Publications on protective measures, immunology, and clinical manifestations were associated with the highest JIF. The overall median JIF was 3.7 (IQR 2.6-5.9), and we found that the JIF for these publications declined over time. The top countries producing research were the United States, China, Italy, and the United Kingdom.

CONCLUSIONS

In less than 6 months since the novel coronavirus was first detected, a remarkably high number of research articles on COVID-19 have been published. Here, we discuss and present the temporal changes in the available COVID-19 research during the early phase of the pandemic. Our findings may aid researchers and policy makers to form a structured view of the current COVID-19 evidence base and provide further research directions.
Artificial Intelligence in Outpatient Care in Times of Covid-19: A Multidisciplinary Comment on the Impact of a Notional Artificial Intelligence Based Clinical Decision Support System on Outpatient Care for Kidney Transplant Recipients (Preprint)
Authors: Osmanodja Bilgin , Braun Matthias , Burchardt Aljoscha , Duettmann Wiebke , Fiekens Michelle , Gerndt Simon , Hummel Patrik , Beck Susanne , Budde Klemens , Dabrock Peter , Möller Sebastian , Roller Roland
Published: November 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

The Covid-19 pandemic has put new demands on the medical systems worldwide. The pressure of taking far-reaching decisions within multiply limited resources under the constraint that personal contact must be minimized has evoked the question if technical support in the form of Artificial Intelligence (AI) could help leverage these challenges. At the same time, AI comes with its own issues such as limited transparency that cannot be neglected especially in a medical context. We will deliberate this in the domain of specialized outpatient care of kidney transplant recipients. In order to improve long-term care for these patients, we implemented a telemedicine functionality monitoring vital signs, medication adherence and symptoms at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin. This paper seeks to combine this established telemonitoring approach with methods from Artificial Intelligence proposing an AI-based clinical decision support system (AI-CDSS) that aims to detect Covid-19 and other severe diseases in this high-risk population. After analyzing medical needs and difficulties and suggesting possible technical solutions, we argue that AI-supported telemonitoring in outpatient care can play a valuable role in managing resources and risks in kidney transplant patients in times of Covid-19 and beyond. Additionally, regarding the multitude of ethical and legal questions arising when integrating AI into workflows, we exemplarily discuss the concept of meaningful human control and whether it is achievable with the proposed AI-CDSS.
The pragmatic, rapid, and iterative dissemination & implementation (PRIDI) cycle: Adapting to the dynamic nature of public health emergencies (Preprint)
Authors: Yousefi Nooraie Reza , Shelton Rachel C. , Fiscella Kevin , Kwan Bethany M. , McMahon James M.
Published: November 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Background: Public health emergencies – such as the 2020 COVID19 pandemic –accelerate the need for both evidence generation and rapid dissemination and implementation (D&I) of evidence where it is most needed. In this paper, we reflect on how D&I frameworks and methods can be pragmatic (i.e., relevant to real-world context) tools for rapid and iterative planning, implementation, evaluation, and dissemination of evidence to address public health emergencies. The Pragmatic, Rapid, and Iterative D&I (PRIDI) Cycle: The PRIDI Cycle is based on a “double-loop” learning process, reflecting the iterative and adaptive D&I, along with iterative re-consideration of goals and priorities, interventions and corresponding D&I strategies, and needs and capacities of individuals and contexts. Stakeholder engagement is essential- which itself is an evolving activity. The results of iterative evaluations should be communicated with local implementers and stakeholders through customized feedbacks. Conclusion: Even when the health system priority is provision of the best care to the individuals in need, and scientists are focused on development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, planning for D&I is critical. Without a flexible and adapting process of D&I, which is responsive to emerging evidence generation cycles, and is closely connected to stakeholders and target users through engagement and feedback, the interventions to mitigate public health emergencies – such as the COVID19 pandemic - will have limited reach and impact on populations that would most benefit. The PRIDI cycle is intended to provide a pragmatic approach to support planning for D&I throughout the evidence generation process.
The Evolution of Photographic Arts Is Linked to Progress in Chemistry: A Review of Two Centuries of Symbiosis
Authors: Magurean Irina Dora , Picos Andrei , Timis Lucia , Picos Alina , Dumitrascu Dinu I.
Published: November 2020

Photography is a major component of present art. It has applications in arts, in sciences and mainly health sciences, in social interaction. The evolution of photography since its advent 200 years ago relied and was dependent on the knowledge of chemistry. This is a review of the chemical techniques used in the recording and reproduction of photographs and of its applications. In the last two centuries, numerous chemical substances: inorganic, organic and polymeric, influenced the aspect and quality of the photographic techniques and of photographs. Teaching photography requires knowledge of chemistry, while chemistry education needs knowledge of esthetics as offered by photography.
Мобильность и неподвижность в Монгольской империи
Authors:   Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Department of Law & Anthropology, Schorkowitz Dittmar
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Mobility, and less so immobility, has been always in the focus of socio-cultural analysis of Mongolian societies given their nomadic way of live and the interconnectedness of its various communities scattered all over Eurasia particular in the apogee of the Mongol Empire during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Yet, what are the concrete manifestations and the limits of mobility, how can we measure them? Goal. This article will briefly readdress some well and perhaps lesser known topics of the medieval Mongolian world generally related to mobility in a wider sense before fuller attention is given to the epistemological arenas of culture transfer and long-distance trade. In the first part the dialectics of mobility is discussed as socio-cultural mobility, e.g. carrier making, loyalty, integration by difference, models of inclusive ethnicity and exclusive descent (the ‘Chinggisid Principle’), invention of genealogies, marriage alliances, and religious tolerance (until Islamisation). The second part deals with spatial mobility particularly in terms of tribute relations and military service, culture transfer and travelling ideas, movement control and population transfer, the flow of goods and peoples.
Особенности ассистивных каузативных конструкций в современном бурятском языке
Authors:   Buryat Institute of Infocommunications ― Ulan-Ude Branch of Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Information Sciences, Dadueva Elena A.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The paper raises the issues of semantics and functioning of the assistive in the Buryat language. The assistive as a special meaning of causative constructions finds its expression in different languages of the world. Goals. The paper aims to consider some distinctive properties inherent to the functioning of assistivity as a particular meaning of causativity in the Buryat language. The novelty of the work is that this problem has not been studied in the Buryat language. Materials and Methods. The study analyzes speech patterns and fiction texts included in the Electronic Corpus of the Buryat Language. The methods of contextual and distributive analysis are used. Results. The assistive in the Buryat language is identified in accordance with the continuum scale of semantic types of causation which implies three meanings of sociative causation: ‘joint action’, ‘assistive’, and ‘supervision’. The paper notes that the assistive in the Buryat language changes not only the actant structure but also the event-role structure of the causative construction. Our research has shown that a special feature of the role structure of the assistive is that the assistant takes the place of the causer, and the causer here gets the role of a supplement. The work also considers features of constructions with assistive semantics. It is revealed that assistivity in the investigated language is implemented both in mono- and poly-predictive sentence structures. Predicates in mono-predicative constructions are verbs with the affix -lsa, which seems poly-functional in the Buryat language and can express the meaning of sociative causation. The research has shown that polyp-predicative constructions are expressed mainly through the matrix predicate tuhalha and the predicate actant in the form of a future participle with indicators of the dative or accusative case.
A stiffness-based degradation model for lifetime monitoring of nano/micro motion systems
Authors: Wen Xin , Lu Guoliang , Yang Shaohua , Li Jinyin , Yan Peng
Published: November 2020

The ability to achieve accurate and reliable lifetime prognostics is critical to predictive maintenance of nano/micro motion systems. However, techniques to accomplish this task have not been well studied. This paper presents a stiffness-based degradation model for lifetime monitoring of a considered nanopositioning stage. Based on the dynamic model of the stage, an analysis of the relationship between system stiffness, running time and failure lifetime is investigated. A failure lifetime prognostic model for the stage is formulated by means of a dynamic stiffness analysis. This methodology is evaluated with numerical simulation and verified based on our experimental setup. The results reveal that this model can be used to effectively predict the failure lifetime and the remaining life of the investigated stage, which suggests its promising potentials in real applications.
Profil Penguasaan Keterampilan Proses Sains Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sari Prima Mutia
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap profil penguasaan keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa PGSD UHAMKA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif. Populasi dalam  penelitian  ini  adalah  mahasiswa  PGSD Uhamka. Sampel yang digunakan adalah mahasiswa semester 5 TA 2016/2017 sebanyak 316 mahasiswa yang dipilih dengan teknik Purposive Sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes keterampilan proses sains dan lembar observasi keterampilan proses sains.  Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif yang mencakup persentase, nilai minimum, nilai maksimum, rata-rata dan standar deviasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profil penguasaan keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa PGSD FKIP Uhamka masih rendah dengan nilai rata-rata 46,46, indikator tertinggi adalah kemampuan menggunakan alat dan bahan dan indikator terendah adalah kemampuan berkomunikasi.
Pengaruh Bahan Ajar Tematik Berbasis Kontekstual terhadap Aktivitas Belajar Siswa
Authors: Puspita Ari Metalin Ika
Published: November 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh bahan ajar berbasis kontekstual terhadap aktivitas belajar siswa. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif jenis quasi experiment. Sample penelitian diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pretest dan postest. Data yang dihasilkan dari penelitian yang berasal dari prestest dan posttest yang dianalisis menggunakan statistik dengan Uji Paired Sample T-Test. Sedangkan data kualitatif yang diperoleh dari Wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan pengamatan pada proses pembelajaran. Hasil uji komparasi dengan formula wilcoxon diperoleh nilai signifikansi 0,000 (< 0,05). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara aktivitas belajar sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan bahan ajar tematik berbasis kontekstual. Bahan Ajar Tematik Berbasis Kontekstual mampu mengaktifkan siswa di dalam proses pembelajaran, sehingga tercipta kebermaknaan dalam pembelajaran.
The Effect of Instructional Methods in Teaching Speaking to Young Learners
Authors: Kaniadewi Nita , Sriyanto Widi
Published: November 2020

This study searched for empirical evidence of which instructional method, either Presentation-Practice-Production (PPP) or Task-based Learning (TBL), was more effective in teaching speaking to real beginners of young learners. The selected samples were taken by non-random sampling from Foundation II level with ten students for each class. This study, whose data was collected through an oral test, was an experimental research by using T-test at 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed that t-computation was higher than t-table (+2,11 > +2,10). It implied that the mean of PPP class was significantly higher than TBL class. The findings above led to a conclusion that the use of PPP was more effective than TBL in teaching speaking to young learners. It was also discovered that drilling activities, which occurred intensively in PPP, yet not in TBL, gave a great contribution in supporting the effectiveness of PPP in teaching speaking. Drillings were beneficial and met the characteristics of the students who belonged to the population of this study. Therefore, PPP, rather than TBL, was more recommended in teaching speaking to real beginners of young learners whose characteristics met the ones mentioned in the discussion below. However, since drillings can be very mechanical and meaningless, in order not to cause boredom, the length of time allocated for the activities should be considered carefully. Moreover, for an optimum result, drillings must always be accompanied by communicative activities.
The Correlation Between Active Participation and Metacognitive Ability of Primary School Students through Montessori Learning Method
Authors: Janah Widia Nur , Susilawati Susilawati
Published: November 2020

Metacognitive was the student’s skill in the process of acting (activity) and thinking (mental process). This skill could improve their learning process and memory. Student who had metacognitive skill will be able to control and to arrange his learning activity by himself. Active participation was the interaction both physically and psychologically to think, to interact, to try and to find new things in the learning process. The purpose of this research was to find the relationship between active participation and the metacognitive ability of students, especially in elementary school. This research was a correlation study. Population of this research was 5th grade students in SD Negeri 3 Klangenan academic year 2017/2018. Sample was taken using purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by observation and written test. The instruments for active participation was observation sheets and the instrument for metacognitive ability was a multiple choice test that consist of 20 questions. The data was analyzed using correlation technique using IBM SPSS Statistics 16.0 for windows. Based on the data nalaysis, it was obtained  was 0.682. At a significant level 5% then was 0.413. Based on value   then it showed that there was a positive and significant corelation between active participation and metacognitive ability of students 5th grade SD Negeri 3 Klangenan.
Development of Collaborative Learning Devices on Two-Dimentional Figure Topic of Mathematics for 4th Students
Authors: Pebriari Ni Komang Supitri , Margunayasa I Gede , Kusmariyatni Ni Nyoman
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to develop collaborative learning device for mathematic course specified on two-dimentional figure on 4th grade students. The design of this study was Research and Development by using Prototype model in which the steps were 1) listening and obtaining the need for the device 2) organizing and making prototype 3) testing. The subject of this study was a collaborative learning device. Instrument used to measure the validity of the learning device was rating scale in the form of assessment tools from the expert. The data were obtained by using methods, namely questionnaire by using quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Testing resulted the numeric data and the average score was converted in PAP table 5 scale. The result showed that 1) collaborative learning device in mathematic course specified on two-dimentional figure involved 1 syllabus, 6 lesson plans, 6 student worksheet, 2) this product was validated by expert of mathematic, expert in education and 2 teachers from different school with the average score 4.42 for syllabus, 4.51 for lesson plan and 4.62 for student worksheet and the category was “very good”.
Keefektifan Panduan Guru Dengan Pendekatan Contextual Problem dalam Pembelajaran Tematik
Authors: Prananto Irfan Wahyu
Published: November 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan panduan guru dengan pendekatan contextual problem dalam pembelajaran tematik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lanjutan dari produk panduan guru yang dikembangkan, digunakan pada pembelajaran tematik pada tema berbagai pekerjaan, sub tema jenis-jenis pekerjaan dengan pendekatan contextual problem yang melalui proses mengamati, menanya, mencoba, menalar, dan mengkomunikasikan. Kelima proses tersebut dirasa perlu, dikarenakan sesuai dengan filosofi dari pembelajaran tematik yakni kebermaknaan dalam proses pembelajaran. Siswa mampu mengkonstruksi sendiri makna, dari pembelajaran kontekstual yang disiapkan oleh guru. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan metode kuantitatif true experimental jenis posttest-only control group design. Dimana ciri utama paada penelitian ini yakni penempatan subjek pada kelompok secara acak, dengan syarat karakteristik subjek dianggap sama. Indikator keberhasilan yang digunakan yakni, dikatakan efektif jika ketuntasan klasikal kelas eksperimen melebihi 80%. Simpulan dari penelitian ini yakni panduan guru dengan pendekatan contextual problem dalam pembelajaran tematik efektif, dengan ketuntasan klasikal 84% dan keaktifan siswa lebih dari 65%.
Implementasi Bahan Ajar Berbasis Kain Rentang dan Papan Nama Materi Membaca Cepat di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Arrosyad Muhammad Iqbal , Suryadin Asyraf
Published: November 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi bahan ajar berbasis kain rentang dan papan nama materi membaca cepat di Sekolah Dasar dan mendeskripsikan kendala yang dialami pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis kain rentang dan papan nama materi membaca cepat di Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu triangulasi data (observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi). Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa dan guru di kelas V SD Negeri 24 Pangkalpinang Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan implementasi bahan ajar dilaksanakan dalam empat tahap yakni tahap perencanaan tindakan dengan mempersiapkan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran sesuai waktu dan materi pelaksanaan, tahap pelaksanaan tindakan dengan pembelajaran mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia materi membaca cepat menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis kain rentang dan papan nama, tahap hasil pengamatan dengan pengamatan selama pelaksanaan dari awal sampai akhir pembalajaran, dan tahap refreksi dengan menilain bagaimana pelaksanaan pembelajaran dilaksanakan dari sisi guru dan siswa. Dan kendala yang ditemukan kurang maksimalnya pelaksanaan karena siswa kurang focus terhadap bahan ajar, kurangnya media seperti LCD/Infokus untuk membuat siswa focus dan menambah perhatiannya pada pembelajaran.
Sacramentos e ecumenismo - questões sobre o significado, a instituição e o número dos sacramentos
Authors: Wolff Elias
Published: November 2020

As igrejas distinguem-se umas das outras pelos sinais sacramentais que possuem, considerados constitutivos da própria identidade cristã e eclesial. Nesse aspecto manifestam-se diferenças e também divergências na doutrina cristã e na organização eclesial entre as várias tradições do cristianismo. A questão vai além de ter mais ou menos sacramentos. O ponto controverso é sobre quais são os meios imprescindíveis para fazer a experiência da graça de Cristo. Entre esses meios situam-se os sacramentos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar algumas das controvérsias existentes na doutrina sacramental das igrejas, a saber, o significado de sacramento, sua instituição em Cristo e o número dos sacramentos. Com o uso do método de análise bibliográfica qualitativa, o artigo verifica como teólogos de diferentes igrejas compreendem essas questões e como elas são trabalhadas no diálogo ecumênico atual. O artigo conclui que os sacramentos possuem uma dimensão ecumênica no sentido de, por eles, se expressar a fé de todos os cristãos. Para isso urge, porém, desenvolver uma hermenêutica ecumênica dos sinais sacramentais da fé cristã, explicitando sua capacidade de congregar na comunhão da fé todos os que creem em Cristo.
Os primórdios da religião politizada: a teologização de conceitos políticos imperiais no Israel Antigo
Authors: Schmid Konrad
Published: November 2020

Religiões são produtos políticos, sociológicos e culturais. A religião dos antigos Israel e Judá como refletida na Bíblia Hebraica/Antigo Testamento foi especialmente moldurada pelas suas interações com as ideologias imperiais do antigo Oriente Próximo, ou seja, os pensamentos políticos dos impérios do primeiro milênio antes da nossa era. O livro de Deuteronômio adaptou a estrutura básica de tratados assírios de vassalo (9º a 7º séculos antes da nossa era). No entanto, os transformou radicalmente: em vez de requerer que nações subjugadas teriam que ser absolutamente leais ao rei da Assíria, o livro de Deuteronômio exige que seja exclusivamente leal ao seu Deus. O chamado Documento Sacerdotal (P) na Torá reflete a ideologia do Império Persa (6º a 4º séculos antes da nossa era): os persas administravam seu império de um jeito pluralístico e bastante tolerante, permitindo às nações subjugadas viverem de acordo com sua própria religião e costumes. Neste caso, P estava em concordância com a ideologia imperial dos persas: textos como Gênesis 10 exibem uma concepção do mundo no qual toda nação deve ter sua própria língua, cultura e religião. Reconhecer o pano de fundo político de teologias bíblicas ajuda na compreensão de textos e livros bíblicos, pois muitas vezes interpretaram Deus de um modo inspirado pelo pensamento político da época na qual foram compostos.
Ficção e construção de identidade nos Atos Apócrifos dos Apóstolos
Authors: Terra Kenner Roger Cazotto
Published: November 2020

Os Atos Apócrifos dos Apóstolos são textos escritos nos séculos II e III, nos quais são narradas, de maneira heroica, as aventuras de André, Paulo, Tomé e outros apóstolos. Essas obras representam a preservação das memórias dos cristianismos dos primeiros três séculos e possuem muitos temas e gêneros comuns à tradição literária greco-romana. Como narrativas ficcionais de construção discursiva de mundo, os Atos Apócrifos demonstram as expectativas das comunidades cristãos das origens, a maneira como pensavam a realidade e suas relações sociais, os pactos comunicativos, compreensão de si no mundo greco-romanoe interpretações topográficas, por vezes perpassadas por geografias míticas. Por isso os Atos Apócrifos dos Apóstolos tornam-se fontes indispensáveis para compreensão científica dos cristianismos das origens. Assim, superando o preconceito canônico, observaremos através desses textos a maneira como as comunidades cristãs constroem nessas narrativas suas identidades e ficcionam o mundo do Mediterrâneo, muitas vezes subvertendo-o e refazendo os discursos do Império Romano.
Catálogo de violência e a desumanização dos pobres do Antigo Testamento
Authors: Rossi Luiz Alexandre Solano
Published: November 2020

Há um tipo de violência que se destaca no Antigo Testamento. Trata-se de uma violência contra o ser humano e, mais especificamente, contra o ser humano pobre. Pretende-se neste artigo pesquisar as principais expressões de violência utilizadas no idioma hebraico e a forma como elas atingem o pobre. A conclusão a que se chegará é que a violência contra os pobres é uma construção social, política e econômica. A violência e a injustiça surgem por mãos humanas: os poderosos tratam as pessoas pobres – que são a maioria do povo de Deus – como fontes de riqueza e trabalho não remunerado, usando coerção, suborno, desonestidade, tecnicismos legais e violência. Não se trata, portanto, de violência com raízes teológicas e naturais.
A importância dos ritos de passagem na adolescência: Um estudo de caso
Authors: Streck Gisela Isolde waechter
Published: November 2020

Resumo: O artigo traz uma reflexão sobre a importância e a pertinência dos ritos de passagem na adolescência e quer ver em que medida estes podem auxiliar adolescentes a fazerem a transição da infância para a vida adulta. A adolescência, nas sociedades ocidentais, é uma etapa preparatória para a adultez e de espera para a integração no mundo das pessoas adultas. Contardo Calligaris afirma que o problema para adolescentes é a duração desta fase, pois a sociedade impõe uma moratória sem prazo de duração. Como se sai da adolescência? Para esta pergunta não há uma resposta precisa. Em outros tempos e em diferentes culturas havia (e ainda há) ritos de passagem, mas nos dias de hoje adolescentes não são mais ajudados a fazer a passagem por meio de ritos. Françoise Dolto afirma que adolescentes não são mais levados/as em conjunto e solidariamente de uma margem para a outra, mas devem fazer a travessia individualmente, o que pode gerar angústia, medo e solidão. Como os ritos de passagem podem contribuir para que adolescentes possam ser auxiliados/as e acompanhados/as na “travessia”, quando experimentam os ritos preliminares (a separação) e os liminares (a margem), e assim serem conduzidos/as de uma margem a outra? Sobre estas questões este artigo quer refletir e trazer elementos e questionamentos. A pesquisa traz uma revisão bibliográfica e o resultado de uma pesquisa social, metodologicamente definida como estudo de caso, que apresenta dados sobre um rito de passagem oferecido para adolescentes nas comunidades luteranas.
Exégesis, texto e imaginario
Authors: Carbullanca César Octavio
Published: November 2020

En el contexto del pluralismo de métodos exegéticos y de un riesgo de una promiscuidad teórica y metodológica, el artículo esboza los desafíos actuales de una teoría semiótica general de la palabra de Dios tomando como punto de partida la crítica de los métodos histórico crítico como ideología, lo cual conlleva el desafío de situar los textos en relación al concepto regional de texto. La alternativa del empleo de métodos diacrónico/sincrónico no es meramente instrumental e implica responder a cuestiones fundamentales de una semiótica general. La profundización de los conceptos regionales del texto en los actuales estudios exegéticos conlleva comprender la abstracción ideológica que implica extraer los textos de la cultura y el esfuerzo por respetar la ideología del texto. De acuerdo a lo dicho y en vista de nuestro objetivo emplearemos un concepto semiótico de ideología formulado por T. van Dijk y L. Althusser el cual establece una relación entre el concepto de ideología y el de discurso, para luego, discutir las diversas comprensiones del texto en la actualidad.
O PRINCÍPIO PLURALISTA, CORPOREIDADE E SEXUALIDADE
Authors: Ribeiro Claudio De Oliveira
Published: November 2020

A pesquisa identifi ca bases conceituais que introduzem criticamente na teologia latino-americana o valor de dimensões antropológicas que estão em torno da corporeidade, da sexualidade e do prazer, em geral desprezadas pelas leituras teológicas hegemônicas. Metodologicamente, foi estabelecida a interação do princípio pluralista com a produção teológica feminista e queer latino-americanas, especialmente as de Ivone Gebara, Marcella Althaus-Reid e André Musskopf, e com a teopoética de Rubem Alves. Entre os resultados apresentados destaca-se o fato da refl exão teológica sobre corporeidade, sexualidade e prazer ter seu histórico na contribuição das teologias feministas e queer, sobretudo as formuladas no contexto latino-americano. O debate mostra que as defi nições acerca do corpo e das práticas sexuais, explícitas ou não, quer sejam vivenciadas em contextos de prazer, autenticidade, afeto e festividade, quer em formas sublimadas, repressivas e violentas, são bases constituintes e defi nidores da realidade e se revelam nas fronteiras e nos entrelugares das culturas. Daí a importância delas para a refl exão teológica dentro do princípio pluralista.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO PENTECOSTALISMO NA PROMOÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS DOS NEGROS
Authors: Lima Adriano Sousa , Rossi Luiz Alexandre Solano
Published: November 2020

O Brasil foi o último país do mundo a abolir o regime escravocrata. A escravidão foi intensa nas terras brasileiras, a ponto de criar costumes, normas e profundas desigualdades. Nos Estados Unidos, especifi camente em Los Angeles, no século XIX e início do século XX, não ter relações com pessoas negras signifi cava boa reputação e dignidade. Igualmente intensa foi (e ainda é) a luta em defesa dos direitos humanos dos negros. Nesse contexto, a Missão da Fé Apostólica, na rua Azusa, em Los Angeles, entre os anos 1906 a 1909 é referência fundamental. Naquela comunidade, homens e mulheres, brancos e negros participavam juntos das reuniões litúrgicas e conviviam em comunhão uns com os outros. O combate ao racismo naquela comunidade pentecostal era uma doutrina ensinada por William Seymour, o bispo da igreja, considerado o fundador do pentecostalismo. O presente texto tem como objetivo apresentar a contribuição do pentecostalismo da Missão da Fé Apostólica na promoção dos direitos humanos dos negros. Para os autores, a comunidade pentecostal sob a liderança de William Seymour é exemplo a ser seguido pelas igrejas cristãs brasileiras no que se refere ao combate a toda discriminação em virtude da cor da pele, contribuindo para a construção de uma sociedade livre e justa, com igualdade e solidariedade.