bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI ROB KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN BERDASARKAN HASIL KAJIAN GEOLOGI KEWILAYAHAN
Authors: Noviardi Titis Praponco  , M Nur Ikhwan  , Irwan Susanto
Published: January 2023

Fenomena rob yang terjadi di Kabupaten Pekalongan secara masif mulai menggenang sekira satu dasawarsa terakhir. Secara fungsi waktu, awal tahun 2013 setidaknya hampir dua luasan kelurahan tergenang di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Penggenangan yang terus berlangsung mengakibatkan luas area terdampak menjadi sepertiga wilayah empat kecamatan di Kabupaten Pekalongan pada saat pengumpulan data di tahun 2018, yakni Kecamatan Siwalan, Kecamatan Wonokerto, Kecamatan Wiradesa dan Kecamatan Tirto. Air laut yang menggenang ke pemukiman warga merupakan kejadian alamiah wujud dari dinamika pantai utara jawa. Namun, hal yang perlu diperhatikan bahwa kejadian tersebut tidak merata di setiap wilayah yang berbatasan dengan pantai utara jawa. Sebagian wilayah pantura mengalami penambahan daratan. Dalam tulisan ini disampaikan beberapa kajian geologi kewilayahan yang merunut faktor penyebab dan pemicu fenomena rob di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Aspek morfologi, jarak dengan bibir pantai dan sungai, elevasi tiap lokasi fokus, tinggi genangan, serta litologi yang diendapkan, dijadikan titik acuan dalam pengembangan kajian.
Asian Agricultural Products Ltd. v Sri Lanka ICSID Hakem Heyeti Kararı İncelemesi
Authors: SARIKAYA Samet
Published: January 2023

Yatırım tahkimi, son yıllarda önemi artan bir yatırım uyuşmazlığı çözümü yöntemidir. Yatırım tahkimiyle yabancı yatırımcılar ile ev sahibi devletler arasında oluşan anlaşmazlıkların hızlı ve tarafsız bir biçimde çözülmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmamızda Uluslararası Yatırım Anlaşmazlıklarının Çözüm Merkezinde (ICSID) çözümlendirilen ve yatırım tahkimi açısından önemli bir dava incelenmiştir. Bu dava kimi yazarlar tarafından “dönüm noktası” olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda ilk olarak çalışmaya konu olan Asian Agricultural Products Ltd. ve Sri Lanka arasında gerçekleşen uyuşmazlığa neden olan tarihsel gelişim süreci incelenmiştir. Ardından hakem heyetine başvuran Asian Agricultural Products’ın taleplerine yer verilmiştir. Bu taleplere ilişkin hakem heyetinin vermiş olduğu karara değinilmiş ve bu kararla ilgili açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Son olarak muhalif görüşe ve dayanağına yer verilmiştir.
Hukukî Dinlenilme Hakkı ve Çocuğun Katılma Hakkı Bağlamında Yargılamada Çocuğun Dinlenilmesi
Authors: TUNCER KAZANCI İdil
Published: January 2023

Çocuğun katılma hakkı, Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Haklarına Dair Sözleşme ve Çocuk Haklarının Kullanılmasına İlişkin Avrupa Sözleşmesi’nde güvence altına alınmıştır. Çocuğun taraf ya da üçüncü kişi olarak hukuki durumunun etkilendiği yargılamalar hakkında bilgi edinmesi, görüşlerini ifade etmesi ve açıklamasına imkân verilmesi ve verilecek kararın olası sonuçları hakkında bilgilendirilmesi gerekir. Çocuğa ilişkin yargılamalarda hukuki dinlenilme hakkı, çocuğun katılma hakkı biçimde tezahür eder. Katılım hakkının kullanılması bakımından çocuğun kendi görüşlerini oluşturma becerisine sahip olması aranır. Kendi görüşlerini oluşturma becerisi, ayırt etme gücüne kıyasla daha geniş kapsamlı bir kavramdır. Bu beceriye sahip olan çocuk katılma hakkını bizzat kullanabileceği gibi kanuni temsilcisi aracılığı ile de kullanabilir. Sınırlı ehliyetsiz olan ayırt etme gücüne sahip olan çocuğun dava ehliyetine sahip olmaması, çocuğun katılma hakkını bizzat kullanamayacağı biçiminde de yorumlanamaz. Yargılamayı kanuni temsilcisi aracılığı ile takip eden çocuğun da yargılama hakkında görüşünü bildirmesi ve bu çerçevede dinlenmesi hem hukuki dinlenilme hakkının hem de katılma hakkının bir gereğidir. Görüşlerini açıklama becerisine sahip olmayan çocuk ise katılma hakkını kanuni temsilcisi aracılığı ile kullanabilecektir. Çocuğun hem çekişmeli hem de çekişmesiz yargıda dinlenilmesi ve katılım hakkını kullanabilmesi mümkündür. Bu bağlamda her iki yargı türünün gösterdiği özellikle dikkate alınır. Resen harekete geçme ve resen araştırma ilkesinin uygulandığı yargılamalarda da çocuğun görüşünü ifade etmesine imkân verilmelidir.
Med-Arb Yönteminin Getirdiği Olumsuzluklar ve Gizlilik Sorununa Yönelik Bazı Med-Arb Modelleri
Authors: CANATAN Betül
Published: January 2023

Küreselleşmenin gelişimiyle artan ilişkiler neticesinde ortaya farklı uyuşmazlıklar çıkar. Bu uyuşmazlıkların çözümü için de farklı uyuşmazlık çözüm yöntemleri geliştirilir. Bu amaçla geliştirilmiş bir yöntem de Med-Arb yöntemidir. Bu yöntemde arabuluculuk ve tahkim usûlleri karma hâle getirilerek her iki yöntemin de iyi yanları kullanılmak istenir. Med-Arb yönteminde uyuşmazlığın çözümü için öncelikle bir arabuluculuk süreci geçirilir. Uyuşmazlığın çözülememesi durumunda bir tahkim yargılaması gündeme gelir. Sürecin hızlı ve ekonomik olması açısından Med-Arb yönteminde ağırlıklı olarak arabulucu ve hakem aynı kişi olarak seçilir. Ancak bu durumda arabuluculuk aşamasında ortaya çıkartılan ancak tahkim yargılamasında kullanılması istenmeyen bilgiler bakımından bir gizlilik sorunu ortaya çıkar. Nitekim hakemin bilgisi dahilinde olan hususları dikkate almadan karar verebilmesi zordur. Med-Arb yöntemindeki bu gizlilik sorununun çözülebilmesi için doktrinde farklı usûller önerilmektedir. Bu usûller farklı Med-Arb modelleri olarak ele alınır. Çünkü bu farklı modellerde de esas olarak uyuşmazlığın çözümü için önce arabuluculuğa, sürecin olumsuz sonuçlanması durumunda tahkim yargılamasına başvurulur. Bu çalışmada Med-Arb yöntemi kısaca tanıtılacak, akabinde bahsedilen gizlilik sorunu ve çözüm önerileri üzerinde durulacaktır.
1917 Tarihli Hukuk-ı Aile Kararnamesi’nde Yer Alan Nişanın Sona Ermesi ve Buna Bağlanan Sonuçlara İlişkin Hükümler Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ÇAĞLAYAN AYGÜN Gözde
Published: January 2023

1917 Tarihli Hukuk-ı Aile Kararnamesi gerek Osmanlı hukuku gerekse İslam hukuku bakımından önemli bir kanunlaştırma hareketidir. Osmanlı hukukunda 1917 Tarihli Hukuk-ı Aile Kararnamesi ilk kez nişanlanmayı bir kurum olarak hüküm altına alan yasal düzenleme olması dolayısıyla büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Kararname’de nişanlanmakla nikâh akdinin meydana gelmeyeceği ifade edilmektedir. Nişan, tarafların istediği zaman sonlandırabileceği bir hukuki ilişkidir. Bunun dışında nişanlılardan birinin ölümü hâlinde de nişanın kendiliğinden sona erdiği kabul edilmektedir. Nişanın bozulması durumunda tarafların birbirine vermiş olduğu hediyelerle, mehre mahsuben verilen şeylerin durumunun ne olacağı ile ilgili düzenlemeler yer almaktadır. Kararname açıkça veya zımnen tazminat hakkı ile ilgili düzenleme yapmamıştır. Çünkü İslam hukukunda nişanlanma bir sözleşme olarak kabul edilmediğinden nişanın bozulması dolayısıyla tazminat istenmesi de uygun görülmemiştir.

Günümüz hukukuna bakıldığında nişanlanmaya ilişkin hükümlerin Kararname ile genel anlamda paralellik gösterdiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu bakımdan da Türk Medeni Kanunu’nda düzenlenen nişanlanmanın sona ermesi sebeplerinin ve ortaya çıkan sonuçların genel bir karşılaştırma yapılarak bir tespitte bulunulması çalışma açısından önem taşımaktadır.
Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico, Volume 1
Authors: Culver Stephen J. , Buzas Martin A.
Published: January 2023

A computer file of all published (presence or absence) distributional data on the living and dead recent benthic foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico was constructed from 77 papers published since 1918. Manipulation of this file produced 5 catalogs and 296 maps. Catalog 1 lists alphabetically species names with publication and locality information as recorded in the literature (i.e., unsynonymized). Catalog 2 lists synonymized species names (in the same numerical line order as Catalog 1) with publication and locality information. Catalogs 3 and 4 list alphabetically all unsynonymized and synonymized species names, respectively. Catalog 5 lists synonymized names by increasing latitude and longitude. During the past 60 years, 1219 names have been used to record benthic foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico. Through synonymization, these were reduced to 848 species, of which 295 occur at 16 or more of the 426 sample localities. Computer-generated maps were drawn for these 295 most commonly recorded species. Species were grouped by depth and geographic distribution through visual examination of the maps. Twenty overlapping categories describe the depth distribution of the commonly recorded species. The depth distribution of 15 species varies considerably around the Gulf. Geographically the 295 most commonly recorded species may be grouped into 11 categories. Forty-eight percent of the species are ubiquitous around the Gulf. Circum-Gulf of Mexico provincial boundaries cannot be recognized but preliminary analysis distinguishes concentric benthic foraminiferal provinces whose margins can be related to particular depths and physiographic regions.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN DI MIE GACOAN MAGELANG
Authors: Kusumawardani Berlian Hema , Achsa Andhatu
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the research is to ascertain how product and service quality affects customers' satisfaction when they purchase meals at Mie Gacoan Magelang. The research employs primary data, such as the distribution of questionnaires and the purpose side as a sampling strategy from at least 60 respondents, or the residents of Magelang, to acquire data from the area where it is done. The suggested research methodology is a quantitative one. When managing its own data using SPSS as a method of analysis, testing the instrument utilizes the forms of validity test, reliability test, classical acceptance test, multiple linear regression equation analysis, t-test, F-test, and test of the coefficient of determination. The data processing analysis results show that Y = 0.865 + 0.270 x 1 + 0.308 x 2 + e, and the fitted R-squared is 0.722, which means that product quality and service quality contribute 72% to consumer satisfaction, with the remaining 38% being the result of other influences that were not taken into consideration.
Karakteristik Edible Film Komposit Protein Biji Karet (Hevea Brasiliensis) dan Kitosan dengan Penambahan Gliserol sebagai Plasticizer
Authors: Hutabarat Josua , Bimantio Mohammad Prasanto , Widyowanti Reni Astuti
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik edible film komposit protein biji karet dan kitosan serta menganalisis fraksi protein biji karet (Hevea brasiliensis) dan kadar gliserol yang paling baik dalam pembuatan edible film. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah perbandingan fraksi protein biji karet (A) dengan 3 taraf yaitu (A1=0,5%), (A2=1%), (A3=2%). Faktor kedua adalah variasi penambahan gliserol dengan 3 taraf yaitu (B1=1%), (B2=2%), (B3=3%). Pada penelitian ini terdapat analisis kimiawi yaitu kadar sianida (HCN) dan kadar protein serta analisis mekanis yaitu ketebalan, kuat tarik, elongasi, daya larut, dan water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). Perbandingan konsentrasi fraksi protein biji karet yang ditambahkan pada pembuatan edible film komposit berpengaruh terhadap ketebalan film, daya larut, kuat tarik, elongasi, dan WVTR film yang dihasilkan. Sedangkan, variasi konsentrasi gliserol yang ditambahkan pada pembuatan edible film komposit berpengaruh terhadap ketebalan film, daya larut, elongasi, dan WVTR serta tidak berpengaruh terhadap kuat tarik film yang dihasilkan Nilai terbaik berdasarkan uji bobot parameter yang diuji didapatkan sampel A3B2 sebagai sampel terbaik (fraksi protein biji karet 1,5 % dan konsentrasi gliserol 2 %), dengan nilai ketebalan 178,33 µm, daya larut 42,95 %, kuat tarik 0,718 Mpa, elongasi 46,16 %, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) 1,180 g/m2 /hari.
HUBUNGAN KADAR AIR DAN BOBOT ISI TANAH TERHADAP BERAT PANEN TANAMAN PAKCOY PADA KOMBINASI KOMPOS SAMPAH KOTA DAN PUPUK KANDANG SAPI
Authors: Henly Yulina dan Wiwik Ambarsari
Published: January 2023

The objective of this research was to find out relationship between water content and bulk density to the harvest weight of pakcoy after combined with municipal waste compost and cow manure in Alluvial, Indramayu. This study used a randomized block design factorial with two factors. The first factor is municipal waste compost and the second factor is cow manure. Each of them consisted of 4 levels : 0%, 3.0%, 6.0%, and 9.0% with two replication, followed by regression analysis and linear correlation. The results showed that there was a relationship between water content and bulk density with harvest weight of pakcoy, but the harvest weight of pakcoy was not influenced by water content and bulk density.
PENGARUH SISTEM OLAH TANAH DAN PENGENDALIAN GULMA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (ZEA mays SACCHARATA STURT.) VARIETAS PARAGON
Authors: Karya, Endang Kantikowati, dan Rinda Febrianti
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the interaction between the tillage system and weed control on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) Paragon variety. The experiment was carried out in Cibalong Village, Ciheulang Village, Ciparay District, Bandung Regency. The time of the experiment was carried out from September to December 2020. The study used an experimental method, with a Randomized Designated Separate Group with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 treatment factors, namely the tillage system and the weed control system. The tillage system consists of TOT (No Tillage), OTMin (Minimum Tillage), OTMax (Maximum Tillage), while the weed control system factors consist of g1 (No Weed Control) g2 (Physical Mechanical Weed Control) g3 (Physical Mechanical Weed Control) Weed Chemically). The results showed that there was no interaction effect between tillage system and weed control on all observed parameters.
STUDI KERAGAMAN JENIS TANAMAN DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS BOROBUDUR
Authors: Rahmayanti Fetty Dwi , Buana Diana Tungga
Published: January 2023

Kebun percobaan diperlukan bagi pembelajaran dan penelitian selain juga diperlukan untuk penghijauan, oleh karenanya kebun percobaan milik Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Borobudur mengusahakan untuk selalu menambah koleksi tanaman, membudidayakan serta
melestarikan tanaman yang bermanfaat bagi kebutuhan dan melestarikan tanaman yang langka. Sejalan dengan program pemerintah dalam pemanfaatan lahan sempit untuk penghijauan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Borobudur menerapkan metode urban farming
dalam kelola kebun percobaan, diantaranya melakukan budidaya tanaman dengan teknik tanam tabulampot, polybag, hidroponik ataupun menanam langsung ditanah yang ada dipekarangan. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode ini digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan keadaan eksisting dari Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Borobudur. Teknik pengumpulan data disusun berdasarkan data primer di lapangan yakni di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Borobudur dan data sekunder dari studi literatur yang relevan.                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                          

                         Experimental gardens are needed for learning and research as well as for reforestation, therefore the experimental garden belonging to the Faculty of Agriculture, Borobudur University is gradually adding to the collection of plants, cultivating and preserving plants that are beneficial to needs and preserving rare plants. In line with the government's program in using narrow land for reforestation, the Faculty of Agriculture, Borobudur University applies urban farming methods in managing experimental gardens, including cultivating plants with tabulampot planting techniques, polybags, hydroponics or planting directly on the ground in the yard. The method used in this research is descriptive research method using a qualitative approach. This method is used to describe the existing state of the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Borobudur University. Data collection techniques were compiled based on primary data in the field, namely the Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Borobudur University and secondary data from relevant literature studies.                                                                                                                                    

 
Keywords: Experimental Garden, Variety of Plants, Tabulampot, Polybag, Hydroponics
Evaluation of the Safety of the Taraklamp Male Circumcision Device in Zambia
Authors: Kachimba J S , Chibwili E , Munthali J , Cheelo M
Published: January 2023

Background: Male circumcision has been proved to be an effective additional means of preventing transmission of the HIV virus from females to males in heterosexual relationships with efficacy of up to 60%. Many methods and devices for adult male circumcision have now been developed. However, there are still concerns on safety, duration of procedure, and public acceptability of these devices.

Objectives: to assess safety, duration of procedure, complications, pain and public acceptability of the Taraklamp, male circumcision device, in adolescents and adult male circumcision in Zambia.

Materials and Methods: we conducted a field study with 1,046 male adolescents and adults recruited from five district clinics. Prior to circumcision, participants were educated on benefits of circumcision while undergoing HIV counseling and screening. Duration of procedure was recorded, intra and postoperative pain was assessed and adverse events were documented for each participant. Levels of satisfaction with the procedure both from doctors’ and participants’ perspectives were also documented.

Results: A total of 794 participants were circumcised using the TARAKLAMP device. The median time for circumcision was 4 minutes (IQR: 3-6 minutes; range: 1-24 minutes). Approximately 5 (0.6%) of the participants experienced postoperative pain and 12 (1.5%) experienced adverse events following the procedure. Despite this all participants found the procedure safe and acceptable, as did the doctors who carried out the procedure.

Conclusions: the results from this study showed that the TARAKLAMP device is safe for medical male circumcision. Acceptability of the circumcision using the device was exceptional and it is possible to use the TARAKLAMP to roll out medical male circumcision in Zambia.
Raised IL-6 Levels: A Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Associated Complications in HIV Positive Zambians Presenting at the University Teaching Hospital before Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
Authors: Nhhoma Panji , Kaile T , Kwenda G , Sinkala M , Mwaba F , Mantina H
Published: January 2023

Objectives - The objectives of the study were to compare plasma levels of IL-6 in HIV positive and HIV negative individuals and to correlate them with CD4 count

Materials and methods - A cross-sectional study was carried out at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. IL-6 and CD4 were assessed in HIV positive on ART, HIV positive ART- naïve and HIV negative control participants.

Results and Conclusion - Our study showed that HIV ART naïve participants had higher IL-6 concentrations (2.83 ± 1.60 ng/ml)  than those on ART (2.49 ± 1.21 ng/ml) p = 0.020. HIV negative control participants however, had higher concentrations of IL-6 (3.24 ± 1.33 ng/ml) than HIV positive participants on ART (2.49 ± 1.21) p = 0.002. HIV positive ART naïve individuals therefore, had the highest IL-6 levels. The results also showed that ART lowers inflammation in HIV and this may explain why ART reduces the risk of developing opportunistic tumours and other infections in HIV.
Challenges Associated with Learning Oral Diagnostic Sciences: A Multicenter Study in Nigeria
Authors: Lasisi T J , Adisa A O , Effiom O A , Olawuyi A B , Omitola O G , Soyele O O , Ogundana O M , Okoh M
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Oral diagnostic sciences (ODS) comprise the subjects, oral pathology, oral medicine, oral radiology and the functional integration of these into the oral diagnostic services. Oral diagnostic science has peculiar challenges with learning and training in sub-Saharan Africa. Several barriers that may impede effective clinical teaching include inadequate institutional financial support and lack of access to appropriate educational space and resources. The aim of this study was to categorize challenges of learning ODS in Nigeria. 

Methods: This was a cross sectional survey of undergraduate dental students (UDS) and resident doctors (RDS) in dentistry in five institutions in Nigeria. The study included 286 participants comprised of 199 UDS and 87 RDS. Information about challenges of trainer, trainee and facilities was obtained by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 and tests of associations between variables were determined using Chi-square. The level of significance was set at p < 5%.

 

Results: The mean age of the study participants was 27.2 (± 4.6) years and 60.6% were males. The majority, 72.4% of RDS and 64.3% of UDS, indicated that getting a good ODS education was important to them. Few, 19.5% of RDS and 8.5% of UDS indicated that they would consider ODS as a career. While 37.9% of RDS decided that their examinations are fair and objective, 50.8 % of UDS agreed that their examinations were fair and objective (p < 0.05). The percentage of RDS and UDS which felt that ODS consultants sometimes give contrary information to textbook material were 26.4% and 29.1% respectively, however 28.7% of RDS and 34.2% of UDS were undecided about this issue. Thirty-eight (43.7%) specified that lack of a structured postgraduate curriculum in ODS caused their challenge with learning

Conclusions: Trainee level affected the participants’ perceived challenges of learning ODS. Despite the differences, the results showed that most of the challenges were common to both undergraduate and postgraduate training.
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index of Escherichia Coli Isolates in a Tertiary Hospital in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Adijat Joseph A , S Odimayo M , B Olokoba L , B Olokoba A , O Popoola G
Published: January 2023

Background: The effectiveness of available antibiotics is reducing as microorganisms device means of evading its effects, resulting in the development of superbugs. Pathogens previously susceptible are becoming resistant, and spreading beyond the hospital environment. This change is a major concern for infection control and prevention and a huge economic burden for health care. This study aims to determine the drug sensitivity pattern of E. coli isolated in a tertiary hospital lab

Methodology: Gram negative bacilli, lactose fermenter, motile, indole positive, glucose fermenter, gas producing isolate were identified as E.coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing to commonly prescribed antibiotics was carried out using the modified Kirby Bauer method and reported with the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute Interpretative chart. Mulitiple Antibiotic Resistance index was calculated as number of antibiotics to which isolate is resistant divided by the total number of antibiotics against which isolate was tested.  

Result: Five hundred and twenty–seven isolates were identified, among which a high rate of resistance to cefuroxime (407), high rate of intermediate susceptibility to nalidixic acid (264) and high rate of sensitivity to ceftriaxone (388) was noted. Sixty percent of the isolates had an index ≤ 0.2. Of the 40% with Multiple Antibiotic Resistance index > 0.2, 61 % were from inpatient samples.

Conclusion: The high Multiple Antibiotic Resistance index of the E. coli isolates indicates previous exposure to antibiotics and development of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics, hence, antimicrobial susceptibility testing is imperative in selecting therapeutic options. Attention also needs be paid to effective infection control and prevention to curb its spread among individuals.
The Sociocultural Perspective on the Use of L1 as a Supporting Tool for EFL Learning
Authors: Nitisakunwut Panicha , Nutayangkul Thanawat , Liang-Itsara Aphiwit
Published: January 2023

Many English as a Foreign language (EFL) teachers think that a target language should be solely used as a medium of instruction to allow the learners to immerse in the target language. However, in the learning process, the learners learn about the language content and other cognitively-related skills such as discussion, reasoning, and evaluation to complete the tasks. Some tasks could be more challenging to understand, discuss, explain, or complete in learners’ foreign language because they might need higher competence and fluency in the target language. This article attempts to review socioculturally informed research on the use of L1 in L2 or EFL classes and the features of English as a foreign language. The advantages of utilizing L1 in EFL courses will next be covered. The article will conclude with some advice that EFL teachers might utilize to increase their students’ productivity in EFL classes by utilizing L1 as a supporting tool for language learning.
MODERN PSYCHOANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH IN THE STRUCTURE OF PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: Borokhov B.D. , Borokhov A. D.
Published: January 2023

During the period from 1987 to 2021 in the former USSR (Kazakhstan, Russia) and Israel over 3500 people were examined, the first group consisted of males with substance abuse and alcohol abuse in their diagnoses, both with the main diagnosis and in combination with comorbid pathology (1027). The second mixed group, consisted of men and women with only psychiatric diagnoses (1657 and 989), with schizophrenic spectrum disorders dominating among the diagnoses -70.7%. According to the constitutional type of skeletal structure, in the first group among the patients, asthenics accounted for 37%, and in the second group - 58.7%. Thus, asthenics proved to be the most vulnerable group with respect to the development of psychopathology, yielding only slightly to normosthenics in the first group (41% and 37%). An individual, in extreme conditions, which include stressful situations, frustrating circumstances and the disease itself, usually demonstrates basic priority behavioral tactics for resolving an unfavorable situation. The method of psycho-constitutional psychotherapy is based on an understanding of three characteristic basic behavioral tactics: "Patience" is the typical "freeze" behavioral tactic for hypersthenics, in other words, "wait it out. "Avoidance" is the "flight" behavioral tactic typical of asthenics, i.e., actively move away from the frustrating object or situation; "Persistence" is the normosthenic "fight" behavioral tactic, i.e., the maximum use of one's own volitional qualities to overcome the frustrating situation. The patient's ability to change and model the choice of a behavioral tactic by himself or herself considerably raises not only self-esteem, but also amplifies the psychotherapeutic effect. Regarding clinical practice of pharmacological treatment of psychiatric and drug addiction problems, certain regularities between the choice of a drug, it's possible side effects and the psychoconstitutional structure of the patient's personality have been found.
2022/38 Overtime and other allowances to be excluded from holiday pay (IR)
Authors: Hennessy Karen
Published: January 2023

2022/38 Overtime and other allowances to be excluded from holiday pay (IR)

A recent Irish Labour Court judgment has found that it was correct for overtime and certain other allowances to be excluded from the calculation of payment for annual leave, and that the timeframe for the backdating of the claim was that set down in Irish legislation.
2022/39 Observance of the timekeeping obligation by employers – regulation versus practice (RO)
Authors: Suciu Andreea , Manaila Teodora
Published: January 2023

2022/39 Observance of the timekeeping obligation by employers – regulation versus practice (RO)

The legal obligation of the employer to request the performance of overtime in writing does not eliminate the possibility of the employee to prove the overtime by any other means.

In the case at hand, although the employer provided by way of internal regulations the framework for recording working hours and performance of overtime, the court was not bound to limit its legal assessment to it.
Fatores Críticos de Sucesso para equipes de Voleibol: percepção de treinadores
Authors: Marangon Duffles Teixeira Daniel , Alves Barcelos Nathália
Published: January 2023

Objetivo do estudo: Identificar a percepção dos treinadores quanto aos fatores de sucesso nas equipes de Voleibol. Metodologia/abordagem: A abordagem metodológica teve três etapas. A primeira permitiu identificar estes fatores, a segunda destinada a elaborar e validar o questionário e a terceira para a sua aplicação. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Originalidade/Relevância: O estudo é original porque trata da compreensão dos fatores de gestão que aproximam as equipes do sucesso esportivo, sendo relevante pela possibilidade de aprimorar o trabalho de gestores, comissões técnicas e treinadores. Principais resultados: Os resultados indicam que os fatores mais importantes para as equipes de base foram aqueles relacionados com a gestão de pessoas. Para as equipes de alto-rendimento foram os relacionados com a logística e com os aspectos financeiros. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O levantamento do perfil dos treinadores de Voleibol do país, a caracterização de sua relação com a modalidade, além da identificação dos fatores mais importantes para o sucesso das equipes de base e de alto-rendimento. Contribuições sociais / para a gestão: O trabalho poderá contribuir para a adoção de políticas de gestão de pessoas das equipes; com a implantação de medidas de gerenciamento dos fatores mais relevantes para a modalidade; para o aumento da eficácia do trabalho realizado por gestores esportivos e treinadores.
INOVAÇÕES ARITMÉTICAS: NUMERAIS INDO-ARÁBICOS, LOGARITMOS E FRAÇÕES DECIMAIS
Authors: Neto João Plínio Juchem
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho trata do papel das inovações matemáticas no aprimoramento do poder de cálculo das sociedades, focando nas inovações aritméticas. Aborda três grandes temas: o sistema de numeração indo-arábico, a função logarítmica e as frações decimais. Tem como objetivo principal a contextualização histórica da origem, introdução e popularização dessas inovações, e sua influência no posterior desenvolvimento científico, tecnológico e econômico. Como conclusões, salienta-se o papel fundamental de tais inovações no aumento do poder computacional à disposição da sociedade e seu impacto no desenvolvimento das finanças modernas na Itália e na Revolução Industrial na Inglaterra. Por fim, tal abordagem histórica pode ser utilizada como instrumento motivacional importante no ensino de disciplinas de matemática em cursos superiores de viés tecnológico, incentivando os estudantes a contextualizar historicamente a importância das ferramentas matemáticas para o progresso econômico, científico e tecnológico, também os ajudando a aprimorar suas capacidades críticas e reflexivas.
Effect of single-strand DNA breaks on transcription of nucleosomes
Authors: Gerasimova N.S. , Akhtar M.S. , Studitsky Studitsky
Published: January 2023

Previous studies revealed the inhibitory eff ect of single-stranded breaks in a non-template DNA strand (NT-SSB) on RNA polymerase transcription through the nucleosome. The observed effect was explained within the model of chromatin transcription mechanism with the formation of intranucleosomal DNA loops (i-loops) – intermediates in which the enzyme is locked in the DNA loop on the histone octamer. According to the model, NT-SBs reduce the tension in the DNA structure caused by transcription and hinders the opening of the i-loop with the enzyme and further elongation. In this work, the boundaries of such i-loops are determined. Nucleosomes with NT-SSBs were transcribed. It was determined that the formation of contacts between DNA and histones behind RNAP occurs at a distance of more than 17 base pairs from the active center of the enzyme.
CXCL12 mRNA expression as an independent marker of liver fi brogenesis in rats
Authors: Lebedeva E.I. , Babenka A.S. , Shchastny A.Т.
Published: January 2023

The accumulated knowledge about the role of the CXCL12 chemokine in the initiation and development of liver fi brosis is insignifi cant and does not allow us to assess the potential of using the CXCL12 mRNA level as an independent marker of fi brogenesis and processes associated with fi brosis and cirrhosis. Thioacetamide modeling of liver fi brosis and cirrhosis in male Wistar rats showed a low level of CXCL12 mRNA expression (p = 0.0000) at all stages of fi brosis progression. At the beginning of the experiment (3 weeks), a decrease in the level of CXCL12 mRNA by 2.93 times (p = 0.0000) compared with the control group was revealed. After 3, 7 and 9 weeks, the level of gene expression decreased gradually (p = 0.0000). During the reorganization of the parenchyma of the organ and the formation of false hepatic nodules (11, 13 and 15 weeks), a certain stabilization of the level of gene expression was noted. Against the background of the total formation of pseudohepatic nodules and a pronounced diff use proliferation of connective tissue (17 weeks), the level of CXCL12 mRNA expression increased, but did not reach the level of control values. Based on our results, the level of CXCL12 mRNA is associated with the processes of fi brosis/cirrhosis and can act as an independent marker of fi brogenesis, but not cirrhosis of the liver against the background of toxic damage to it by thioacetamide. When conducting fundamental and preclinical studies to evaluate the eff ectiveness of drugs using this experimental model, the minimum allowable number of control points is considered to be three, namely: portal fi brosis (3 weeks), bridging fi brosis (5 weeks), the beginning of the process of transformation of liver fi brosis into cirrhosis (9 weeks).
The Legal Nature Of Guidelines Of Scientific Societies In The Light Of The Polish Legal System
Authors: Śmietański Maciej , Rączka Piotr
Published: January 2023

Aim: The paper aims to establish the legal nature of guidelines in the Polish legal system and the possible formal consequences of introducing such guidelines (litigation, professional responsibility), as well as the practical implications concerning the method of treating patients.

 Methods: The analysis explains fundamental issues that largely determine the content of the study. The basic assumption is to analyze the legal nature of the prepared guidelines from the point of view of public law, i.e., the relations between the state, as the primary public law entity, and individual, private entities, such as natural persons, legal persons, or organizational units without legal personality, and more specifically, the relations between state authorities and medical professionals.

 Results and conclusion: 1) Treatment guidelines fall outside the scope of the universally applicable law subsystem. Therefore, they do not constitute sources of universally binding law. 2) Furthermore, the guidelines do not constitute sources of domestic law, as the issuing bodies have no legal authority to issue them and to mould the legal situation of their addressees. 3) In regulations that shape the rules of practicing medical professions, both statutory and corporate (the Code of Medical Ethics), the guidelines may constitute the basis for adjudicating on the professional (disciplinary) liability of a physician. 4) The guidelines may pose a barrier to the development of medicine, especially in cases where the issuance thereof by ad hoc groups and the lack of updates lead to the consolidation of outdated clinical practice and inhibit the research potential generated from the bottom up.
Fecal Occult Blood Test, Is it still worth for Colorectal Cancer Screening?
Authors: Esmer Ahmet Cem , Yeğen Şevket Cumhur
Published: January 2023

Introduction: One of the most critical factors determining survival in cases of colorectal cancer is diagnosis and treatment at an early stage. Diagnosis at an early stage is possible with screening programs carried out within preventive health services.

 Aim: : In this study, we aimed to compare the results of patients who underwent colonoscopy because of a positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT) with those over 50 years of age who underwent colonoscopy due to other complaints and to reveal whether an FOBT test is still essential for screening programs.

 Methods: This study included patients who underwent colonoscopy between January 2016 and December 2021. The patients were analyzed in two groups, according to the reasons for colonoscopy: Group I (FOBT-positive) and Group II (other reasons).

 Results: A total of 3393 patients were included in the study. They were divided into two groups for evaluation: those who underwent colonoscopy after a positive FOBT (Group I) and patients over 50 years of age who underwent colonoscopy for other reasons (Group II). When the colonoscopy findings were compared between the groups, inflammatory bowel disease (p = 0.03) was more prevalent in Group I, while normal colonoscopy (p = 0.03) was found to be more common in Group II. Polyps, malignancy, diverticulosis, and perianal diseases appeared to be statistically similar between the groups.

 Conclusion: FOBT can still be used in colorectal screening because it is inexpensive and widely available, is more acceptable to patients due to its non-invasiveness, and can be applied outside of clinical settings.
Resection of a Large Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas: A Multidisciplinary Feat and Review of the Literature
Authors: Anand Gautam , Sharma Deborshi , Meena Sanjay , Guleria Munish , Nangia Anita
Published: January 2023

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPN) are an extremely rare form of tumor with low malignant potential that are generally located in the tail of the pancreas. The prevalence of SPN has increased with the recent advancement in radiological imaging. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration are excellent modalities in preoperative diagnosis. Surgery is the main treatment modality of choice; a successful R0 resection is curative. We present a case of SPN along with an up-to-date summary of the literature in order to provide a reference for the management of this rare clinical entity
Extraperitoneal pelvic packing in trauma – a review
Authors: Salati Sajad Ahmad
Published: January 2023

Pelvic fractures are life-threatening injuries with mortality as high as 40%. The major cause of death is pelvic exsanguination.Extraperitoneal pelvic packing has been suggested in recent years to be an effective method for hemorrhage control. Thisarticle briefly reviews various aspects of this procedure with an emphasis on history, outcomes, technique, and complications.
Dupuytren’s disease – what’s new: a review
Authors: Żyluk Andrzej
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Dupuytren’s disease is a common fibrotic disorder of the palmar aponeurosis characterized by the formation of nodules and cords, as well as development of progressive flexion deformities in the digits, leading to functional impairment. Surgical excision of the affected aponeurosis remains the most common treatment. Quite a few new information appeared about epidemiology, pathogenesis and particularly treatment of the disorder.

Aim: The aim of this study is an updated review of scientific data in this topic.

Results: Results of epidemiologic studies showed that Dupuytren’s disease is not so uncommon in Asian and African population as it was earlier believed. An important role of genetic factors on development of the disease in a proportion of patients was demonstrated, however, it did not translate neither to the treatment nor to the prognosis. The most changes concerned the management of Dupuytren’s disease. A positive effect of steroids injections into the nodules and cords for inhibition of the disease in early stages was shown. In the advanced stages, a standard technique of partial fasciectomy was partly replaced by mini-invasive methods such as needle fasciotomy and collagenase Clostirdium hystolyticum injections. Unexpected withdrawal of collagenase from the market in 2020 resulted in considerable limitation of the availability of this treatment.

Conclusion: It seems that updated knowledge on Dupuytren’s disease may be interested and useful for surgeons involved in management of the disorder.
Presentation and outcomes of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplications
Authors: Eminoglu Levent
Published: January 2023

Introduction and aim: Our study aimed to review the presentation and outcomes of LFNF in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Material and method: This study was conducted at the Florance Nigthingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey from January 2011 till August 2021. A total of 1840 (990 female, 850 male) patients underwent LFNF for GERD. Data including age, gender, coexisting diseases, presenting symptoms, duration of symptoms, time of surgery, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and perioperative mortality were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: The mean age was 42.11 0.31 years. Heartburn, regurgitation, hoarseness, and cough were the most common presenting symptoms. The mean symptom duration was 5.93 0.25 months. The number of reflux episodes > 5 min was 4.09 3. De Meester's score of the patients was measured as 32 17.8. The mean preoperative lower esophagus sphincter (LES) pressure was 9.2 1.4 mmHg and the mean postoperative LES pressure was 14.3 2.41 mmHg. The intraoperative complication rate was 1% and the postoperative complication rate was 1.6%. There was no mortality due to LFNF intervention.

Conclusion: As an anti-reflux procedure, LFNF is a safe and reliable option for patients with GERD.
Soft tissue reconstruction of the thumb: Classification of defects and standardisation of treatment
Authors: Khan Mansoor , Hayat Waqas , Khan Nasir , Ullah Hidayat , Ali Qazi , Khan Rashid
Published: January 2023

Aim: The aim of this article is to share our experience of thumb reconstruction based on the defect and irrespective of the aetiology, and to work towards standardising the treatment for thumb defects.

Material and method: This study was conducted at the Burns and Plastic Surgery Centre at Hayatabad Medical Complex from 2018 to 2021. Thumb defects were divided into small (<3 cm), medium (4–8 cm) and large defects (>9 cm). Patients were evaluated for complications post-operatively. The data for defect size and defect site was cross-tabulated for reconstructive options with the help of SPSS. Different flaps were performed depending on the site and size of the defect, which were arranged in a schema to develop an algorithm.

Results: After scrutinising the data, 35 patients qualified for the study, comprising 71.4% (25) males and 28.6% (10) females. The mean age (and SD) was 31.17 +15.8 years. The right thumb was affected in the majority of the study sample (57.1%), and the majority were affected by machine injury or post-traumatic contractures, affecting 25.7% (n = 9) and 22.9% (n = 8), respectively. Injuries to the first web space and distal to the IPJ of the thumb were the most common, accounting for 28.6% (n = 10) each. A first dorsal metacarpal artery flap was the most common flap, followed by retrograde posterior interosseous artery flap, observed in 11 (31.4%) and 6 (17.1%) cases. The most common complication observed in the study population was flap congestion (n = 2, 5.7%) with a complete flap loss in 1 patient (2.9%). Based on the cross-tabulation of flaps against the size and location of defects, an algorithm was developed to help standardise reconstruction of thumb defects.

Conclusion: Thumb reconstruction is critical in restoring the patient’s hand function. This classification-based, structured approach for thumb reconstruction will help hand surgeons in taking decisions and selecting effective coverage options with minimal complications. Most of these defects can be covered with local, simple flaps without the need for a microvascular reconstruction.
Comparison of the free thinned anterolateral thigh perforator flap and the free medial sural artery perforator flap for reconstructing head, neck and extremity defects
Authors: Chakraborty Sourabh Shankar , Malhotra Anjana , Urvi Ashok Shah , Baraiya Dhaval , Shetty Shrikrishna Prasad , Babu Shylesh Ramesh , Dandekar Puja Bhaurao , Acharya Sudeshna
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Free anterolateral thigh (ALTP) and free medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flaps are time-tested donor tissues for reconstructing defects of the head and neck or extremities. Proponents of either type of flap have concluded each as workhorse flap in their large cohort studies. However, we could not find any papers in the literature objectively comparing donor morbidities or recipient site outcomes of these flaps.

Methods: Retrospective data, such as demographic details, flap characteristics and postoperative course, from patients who underwent free thinned ALTP (25 patients) and MSAP flap (20 patients) reconstruction were included. Donor site morbidity and recipient site outcomes were assessed at follow-up, using previously defined protocols, and were compared between the two groups.

Results: The free thinned ALTP (tALTP) flaps had significantly more pedicle length, vessel diameter and harvest time than the free MSAP flaps (p-value <.00). The incidence of hyperpigmentation, itching, hypertrophic scarring, numbness, sensory impairment and cold intolerance at the donor site were not statistically significant different between the two groups. Scarring at the free MSAP donor site was considered a significant social stigma (p-value = .005). Recipient site cosmetic outcome was comparable (p-value = .86), measured using an aesthetic numeric analogue.

Conclusions: A free tALTP flap is superior to a free MSAP flap in terms of pedicle length, vessel diameter and donor site morbidity, while the latter takes less time to harvest.
Perfil hepático y factores de riesgo para hepatitis B en adultos de América Latina.
Authors: Quimis Sornoza José Leonardo , Zavala Gómez Roberto Alejandro , Alcocer Díaz Sirley
Published: January 2023

El estudio de la hepatitis B es de gran interés actual en las ciencias de la salud, ya que constituye un problema de salud pública, el virus de la hepatitis B es un agente viral común que infecta de forma crónica a casi 400 millones de personas en el mundo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el perfil hepático, Hepatitis B y factores de riesgo en adultos en América latina. Se encontró una alta prevalencia del virus de la Hepatitis B en Perú y en Venezuela, en relación a las pruebas diagnósticas se evidencio un aumento de las transaminasas en presencia de este virus. En referencia a los marcadores serológicos el antígeno de superficie es la prueba de excelencia. Se encontró una alta prevalencia del virus en países con una economía baja y media, en América Latina los países que presentan una alta prevalencia son Perú, Colombia y Venezuela. Por otro lado el principal factor de riesgo fue las transfusiones sanguíneas.