bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age‐Related Changes in Conjunctive Visual Search in Children with and withoutASD
Authors: Iarocci Grace , Armstrong Kimberly
Published: February 2014

Visual‐spatial strengths observed among people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be associated with increased efficiency of selective attention mechanisms such as visual search. In a series of studies, researchers examined the visual search of targets that share features with distractors in a visual array and concluded that people withASDshowed enhanced performance on visual search tasks. However, methodological limitations, the small sample sizes, and the lack of developmental analysis have tempered the interpretations of these results. In this study, we specifically addressed age‐related changes in visual search. We examined conjunctive visual search in groups of children with (n = 34) and withoutASD(n = 35) at 7–9 years of age when visual search performance is beginning to improve, and later, at 10–12 years, when performance has improved. The results were consistent with previous developmental findings; 10‐ to 12‐year‐old children were significantly faster visual searchers than their 7‐ to 9‐year‐old counterparts. However, we found no evidence of enhanced search performance among the children withASDat either the younger or older ages. More research is needed to understand the development of visual search in both children with and withoutASD.Autism Res2014, 7: 229–236.© 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dämmstoffe – innovativ, nachhaltig, effizient
Authors: Holm Andreas H. , Sprengard Christoph , Treml Sebastian
Published: February 2014

Die energetische Sanierung im Gebäudebereich ist die Voraussetzung zur Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs in Deutschland. Durch eine Beschreibung aktueller Innovationen in Bezug auf die eingesetzten Dämmstoffe, die ökologischen und ökonomischen Aspekte sowie eine realistische und bauteilbezogene Abschätzung des Einsparpotentials bei Sanierungsmaßnahmen im Bestand wird dies verdeutlicht. Betrachtet man das Einsparpotential der Gebäudesanierung, so wird klar, dass die energetische Sanierung des Gebäudebestands ein unverzichtbarer Baustein der Energiewende ist.

Innovative insulation materials for sustainability and energy efficiency in the building sector. The energetically restoration in the building sector is a prerequisite for reducing energy consumption in Germany. This is brought out through a description of the latest innovations in terms of insulation materials used, the environmental and economic aspects as well as a realistic estimate of the energy saving potential of substituted building components. The energy efficient restoration of existing buildings is an essential component of the energy transition.
Zur Messung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit feuchter Stoffe
Authors: Gertis Karl , Holm Andreas
Published: February 2014

Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Baustoffen hängt von einer Vielzahl von Einflussgrößen ab, über die ebenfalls eine Vielzahl von Publikationen erschienen ist. Die wohl gründlichste und sachkundigste Zusammenstellung all dieser Einflüsse ist von W. F. Cammerer [1] gegeben worden. Man beschäftigt sich fast schon 100 Jahre mit der Problematik des Feuchteeinflusses. Trotzdem sind die Abläufe und Wirkungszusammenhänge bei der Wärmeleitung, wenn gleichzeitig Feuchte vorhanden ist, bis heute nicht wirklich geklärt. Das liegt daran, dass die Gesetzmäßigkeiten des gekoppelten instationären Transportes von Wärme und Wasser, das sich in den Poren des Stoffes in Bewegung setzt, sobald ein Temperaturgefälle anliegt, erst in den letzten Jahrzehnten durch numerische Ansätze mittels Computerberechnung präziser behandelt werden können. Die für die Berechnung nötigen Stoffwerte sind ebenfalls erst in den letzten Jahren komplettiert worden. Man kann jetzt das schon lange bekannte Problem mit besseren Ansätzen angehen, z. B., indem die in den Wärmeleitfähigkeits‐Apparaturen während der Messung auftretenden Feuchtewanderungsprozesse theoretisch nachgebildet werden. Daraus lässt sich dann auch der Feuchteeinfluss ableiten, der aufgrund der anwesenden und sich während der Messung verlagernden Feuchte entsteht.

On the measurement of thermal conductivity of humid substances. The thermal conductivity of building materials depends on a wide range of influencing variables, and a large number of articles have been published. The most thorough and knowledgeable compilation of these influences have probably been collected by W. F. Cammerer [1]. There has been a focus on the problem of moisture influence for nearly a hundred years. Until today the processes and correlating effects of thermal conductivity with simultaneous presence of dampness have not become fully clear. The reason for this is that the laws of coupled transient transportation of heat and water, which starts in the pores of the substance as soon as there is a thermal gradient, have only been treated in a more precise way in the last century. Also the properties necessary for calculation have only been completed recently. This allows a much better approach to the problem well known for a long time. This shall be demonstrated in the present study by theoretically reproducing, in the thermal conductivity apparatus, the moisture migration process during measurement. Thus, it is possible to work out the effects of moisture resulting from the dampness already present and the one which results from the moisture shifting during measurement.
Schallschutz und akustische Wirkweise bei mehrlagigen textilen Fassadensystemen
Authors: Schmid Fabian , Haase Walter , Sobek Werner , Veres Eva , Mehra Schew‐Ram , Sedlbauer Klaus
Published: February 2014

Das Leitbild einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung ist inzwischen auch im Bauwesen von großer Bedeutung. Die Bautechnik und die Baukonstruktion entwickeln sich entsprechend diesem Trend weiter. Lösungen, die energie‐, ressourcen‐ und massesparend sind, müssen sich in dichten, lärmbelasteten urbanen Räumen bewähren. An den Gebäudehüllen als Schnittstelle zwischen Innen‐ und Außenräumen entstehen so in besonderer Weise Spannungsfelder. Fassaden‐ und Dachsysteme müssen dabei unterschiedlichsten Anforderungen gerecht werden.

Das Konzept der adaptiven mehrlagigen textilen Gebäudehüllen als Fassadensystemlösung, welches am Institut für Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren (ILEK) entwickelt wurde, versucht diese vielfältigen Anforderungen durch eine äußerst masse‐ und ressourcensparende Lösung zu erfüllen. Die nun in Kooperation mit dem Lehrstuhl für Bauphysik (LBP) durchgeführte Untersuchung konzentrierte sich auf eine Bewertung der akustischen Wirkweise dieser textilen Fassadensysteme und auf eine mögliche Weiterentwicklung des Gesamtkonzeptes. Insbesondere die Aspekte des Schallschutzes und der Raumakustik sind aufgrund der fehlenden Masse bei textilen Gebäudehüllen, der kognitiven Relevanz der akustischen Wahrnehmung und der sich abzeichnenden städtebaulichen Entwicklungstendenzen für die Weiterentwicklung und Anwendung solcher leichten Fassadensysteme relevant.

Noise protection and acoustic behaviour of multi‐layer textile façade systems. The guiding principle of a sustainable development is nowadays also in the building industry of great importance. Building technology and construction continue to evolve according to this trend. Solutions that are energy, resource and mass saving must prove themselves in dense, noise‐polluted urban areas. Contradictions result especially at the building envelopes, as they are the interface between interior and exterior spaces. Thereby façade and roof systems have to satisfy varying needs.

The concept of an adaptive multi‐layer textile building envelope as a façade solution was developed at the Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design (ILEK) in order to satisfy these diverse requirements with a highly mass and resource saving solution. The study conducted together with the Dept. of Building Physics (LBP) focused on the investigation of the acoustic behaviour of these textile façade systems and on potentials to further improve the over‐all concept. The aspects of sound insulation and room acoustics are relevant in particular for the advancement and application of such lightweight façade systems due to the missing mass, the cognitive relevance of acoustic perception and the emerging trends in the urban development.
Techno‐economic analysis of co‐located corn grain and corn stover ethanol plants
Authors: Ou Longwen , Brown Tristan R. , Thilakaratne Rajeeva , Hu Guiping , Brown Robert C.
Published: February 2014

The goal of this paper is to evaluate the economic performance of co‐located corn grain ethanol (Gen 1) and cellulosic ethanol (Gen 2) facilities. We present six scenarios to evaluate the impact of stover‐to‐grain mass (SGM) ratios on overall minimum ethanol selling price (MESP). For the Gen 1 plant, MESP is $3.18/ gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) while for the Gen 2 plant it is $5.64/GGE. Co‐located Gen 1 and Gen 2 plants operating at the lowest SGM ratio of 0.4 generates the lowest overall MESP of $3.73/GGE as well as the highest MESP for cellulosic ethanol of $7.85/GGE. Co‐located plants operating at the highest SGM ratio of 1.0 achieve the highest overall MESP of $3.94/GGE as well as the lowest MESP for cellulosic ethanol of $5.47/GGE. Sensitivity analysis shows that the prices of feedstocks have the greatest impact on the overall MESP. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Effects of static magnetic field on cell biomechanical property and membrane ultrastructure
Authors: Wang Zhe , Hao Fengtao , Ding Chong , Yang Zhouqi , Shang Peng
Published: February 2014

The bioeffects of magnetic fields on organism have become an attractive area of study in recent decades, but the influence of static magnetic fields (SMFs) on biomechanical property, is rarely reported. This work investigated the effect of SMF (magnetic flux density ranging from 0.26 to 0.33 T, with a gradient of 2.09 T/m) on biomechanical property and ultrastructure of the membrane, and their relationship with F‐actin distribution and cell adhesion of human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF‐7) and human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa). The two kinds of cells showed different responses to SMF exposure. For MCF‐7 cells exposed to SMF for 72 h, the Young's modulus calculated from atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation curve decreased significantly compared to that in the control group. This reduction was also associated with different actin distribution, revealed by phalloidin fluorescence analysis. Moreover, exposed MCF‐7 cells had a smaller adhesion capacity to substrate with a rougher surface as observed by AFM scanning, which was also confirmed by quantitative analysis of the scanning pictures. Nevertheless, no significant changes were observed in the HeLa cell. These findings, from a biomechanical point of view, provide new insights for the mechanism of bioeffects of SMF on cell behaviors. Bioelectromagnetics. 35:251–261, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How authenticity and self‐directedness and student perceptions thereof predict competence development in hands‐on simulations
Authors: Khaled Anne , Gulikers Judith , Biemans Harm , Mulder Martin
Published: February 2014

Hands‐on simulations are increasingly used in vocational oriented curricula to create meaningful, occupation‐related learning experiences. However, more insight is required about precisely what characteristics in hands‐on simulations enhance outcomes that students need for their future occupation, such as competencies. This study aims to examine how constructivist pedagogical–didactic design principles affect competence development of senior vocational education and professionally oriented bachelor's degree students in a wide range of hands‐on simulations. For this purpose, 23 hands‐on simulations were studied. Teachers rated the degree of authenticity and self‐directedness of the hands‐on simulations. Student perceptions (N = 516) of value, authenticity and self‐directedness (operationalized as choice), as well as their competence development, were gathered using questionnaires. The results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that: (1) authenticity and self‐directedness did not automatically lead to more competence development; and (2) student perceptions of perceived value, authenticity and choice of how to perform tasks were the main predictors of competence development in the simulations. Nonetheless, the additional mediation analyses suggest that it is still important for teachers to invest in learning activities that stimulate self‐directedness as these activities indirectly predicted competence development, through student perceptions. Several reasons for the results are discussed, among them the mismatch between teachers and students of what was considered authentic, complexity of the simulations, the teacher's role as facilitator instead of activator and the lack of choice possibilities. Ideas for future research, as well as practical implications concerning designing and implementing hands‐on simulations for fostering competence development, are suggested.
Study on constant–step stress accelerated life tests in white organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang J. P. , Liu C. , Chen X. , Cheng G. L. , Zhou A. X.
Published: February 2014

In order to obtain reliability information for a white organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), two constant and one step stress tests were conducted with its working current increased. The Weibull function was applied to describe the OLED life distribution, and the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and its iterative flow chart were used to calculate shape and scale parameters. Furthermore, the accelerated life equation was determined using the least squares method, a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was performed to assess if the white OLED life follows a Weibull distribution, and self‐developed software was used to predict the average and the median lifetimes of the OLED. The numerical results indicate that white OLED life conforms to a Weibull distribution, and that the accelerated life equation completely satisfies the inverse power law. The estimated life of a white OLED may provide significant guidelines for its manufacturers and customers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of acellular dermal matrix-assisted implants in breast reconstruction
Authors: Winters Z E , Colwell A S
Published: February 2014

Too many unanswered questions to justify widespread adoption
Liver retraction using n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue during single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery
Authors: Wu S , Yu H , Fan Y , Kong J , Yu X
Published: February 2014

Background

Liver retraction is critical in single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery. Several techniques have been reported. Some need an additional port, whereas others are complicated and time-consuming.

Methods

n-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) glue was applied to bond the left lateral lobe of the liver to the diaphragm in different single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal procedures. Liver adhesion time and duration of operation were recorded, and preoperative and postoperative liver function tests carried out.

Results

All procedures were completed successfully without additional ports or special instruments. The technique provided adequate workspace and a clear view. Mean liver adhesion time was 1·5 min. The maximum operating time was 310 min. Levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were raised on day 1 after surgery but had returned to normal by day 7.

Conclusion

Creating adhesion between the left lateral lobe of the liver and the diaphragm using NBCA glue is a simple, safe and effective way of achieving liver retraction in single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery.
Mapping a mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans using a polymerase chain reaction‐based approach
Authors: Myers Edith M.
Published: February 2014

Many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified within the Caenorhabditis elegans genome. SNPs present in the genomes of two isogenic C. elegans strains have been routinely used as a tool in forward genetics to map a mutation to a particular chromosome. This article describes a laboratory exercise in which undergraduate students use molecular biological techniques to map a mutation to a chromosome using a set of SNPs. Through this multi‐week exercise, students perform genetic crosses, DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction, restriction enzyme digests, agarose gel electrophoresis, and analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Students then analyze their results to deduce the chromosomal location of the mutation. Students also use bioinformatics websites to develop hypotheses that link the genotype to the phenotype. © 2014 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(3):XXXXX–XXXXX, 2014.
High‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of endothelin receptor antagonist drug, ambrisentan, in human plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Lukram Ojit Kumar , Sharma Ramkishor
Published: February 2014

A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed for the quantification of ambrisentan (AMB) in human plasma using midazolam (MID) as an internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed using a Beta Basic‐8 (50 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column with an isocratic mobile phase. AMB and MID were detected with proton adducts at m/z 379.09 → 303.12 and 326.15 → 291.14 in multiple reaction monitoring‐positive mode, respectively. A solid‐phase extraction method was used for extraction of the analyte and IS from the plasma samples. The method was shown to be reproducible and reliable with within‐run precision <11%, between‐run precision <14% and linear concentration range from 10.0 to 2000.2 ng/mL, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of >0.995. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of oral administration of AMB (10 mg) in 24 healthy Indian male human volunteers under fasting conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of eight terpenoids from tissue cultures of the Chinese herbal plant, Tripterygium wilfordii, by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Su Ping , Cheng Qiqing , Wang Xiujuan , Cheng Xiaoqing , Zhang Meng , Tong Yuru , Li Fei , Gao Wei , Huang Luqi
Published: February 2014

In this study, a reliable method for analysis and identification of eight terpenoids in tissue cultures of Tripterygium wilfordii has been established using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐MS). Our study indicated that sterile seedlings, callus cultures and cell‐suspension cultures can rapidly increase the amount of biological materials. HPLC‐ESI‐MS was used to identify terpenoids from the extracts of these tissue cultures. Triptolide, triptophenolide, celastrol and wilforlide A were unambiguously determined by comparing the retention times, UV spectral data, and mass fragmentation behaviors with those of the reference compounds. Another four compounds were tentatively identified as triptonoterpenol, triptonoterpene, 22β‐hydroxy‐3‐oxoolean‐12‐en‐29‐oic acid and wilforlide B, based on their UV and mass spectrometry spectra. The quantitative analysis showed that all three materials contain triptolide, triptophenolide, celastrol, wilforlide A, and the contents of the four compounds in the cell‐suspension cultures were 53.1, 240, 129 and 964 µg/g, respectively, which were at least 2.0‐fold higher than these in the sterile seedlings and callus cultures. Considering the known pharmacological activity of triptolide and celastrol, we recommend the cell‐suspension cultures as biological materials for future studies, such as clinical and toxicological studies. The developed method was validated by the evaluation of its precision, linearity, detection limits and recovery, and it was successfully used to identify and quantify the terpenoids in the tissue cultures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of morphine and its major metabolites M3G and M6G in antemortem and postmortem samples
Authors: Oliveira Ana , Carvalho Félix , Pinho Paula Guedes , Remião Fernando , Medeiros Rui , Dinis‐Oliveira Ricardo Jorge
Published: February 2014

Morphine is one of the most effective agents for the control of significant pain, primarily metabolized to morphine‐3‐glucuronide (M3G) and morphine‐6‐glucuronide (M6G). While M6G is a potent opioid agonist, M3G has no opioid action and seems to have a role in side‐effects caused by morphine. In this study, a reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic method with diode‐array and electrochemical detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of morphine, M3G and M6G in antemortem and postmortem samples (plasma, whole blood, urine, liver, kidney and brain). Morphine, glucuronides and internal standard were extracted by double solid‐phase extraction and the separation was carried out with a Waters Spherisorb® ODS2 reversed‐phase column and potassium phosphate buffer (pH = 2.2)–acetonitrile containing sodium dodecyl sulfate as the mobile phase. The method proved to be specific with good linearity for all analytes in a calibration range from 1 to 600 ng/mL and proved to be accurate and have adequate precision and recovery. Limits of detection in the studied matrices were 0.4–4.5 ng/mL for morphine, 2.7–6.1 ng/mL for M3G and 0.8–4.4 ng/mL for M6G. The proposed method can be successfully applied to quantify morphine and its metabolites in several biological samples, covering the major routes of distribution, metabolism and elimination of morphine. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Religion–Health Connection Among African Americans: What Is the Role of Social Capital?
Authors: Holt Cheryl L. , Clark Eddie M. , Wang Min Qi , Williams Beverly Rosa , Schulz Emily
Published: February 2014

Researchers have expressed growing interest in factors that may explain the relationship between religious involvement and health‐related outcomes. Faith‐based organizations are a significant institution in African American communities, both serving religious/spiritual needs and providing an important source of social capital. These communities often suffer a disproportionate burden of health conditions as well. The present study examined the role of social capital (social support, interconnectedness, and community participation) in the relationship between religious involvement (beliefs and behaviours) and physical and emotional functioning and depressive symptoms, among a national probability sample of African Americans (N = 803). Participants completed telephone interviews. We used structural equation modelling to test hypotheses based on the theoretical model. Results indicate that interconnectedness played a modest mediational role in the relationship between religious behaviours/participation and depressive symptoms. Interconnectedness was predictive of fewer depressive symptoms and marginally with better emotional functioning. Findings highlight the importance of trust in and commitment to one's community for health and have implications for community‐based health promotion initiatives. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and Characterization of a Welwitindolinone Alkaloid Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in the Stigonematalean Cyanobacterium Hapalosiphon welwitschii
Authors: Hillwig Matthew L. , Fuhrman Heather A. , Ittiamornkul Kuljira , Sevco Tyler J. , Kwak Daniel H. , Liu Xinyu
Published: February 2014

The identification of a 36 kb welwitindolinone (wel) biosynthetic gene cluster in Hapalosiphon welwitschii UTEX B1830 is reported. Characterization of the enzymes responsible for assembling the early biosynthetic intermediates geranyl pyrophosphate and 3‐((Z)‐2′‐isocyanoethenyl)indole as well as a dedicated N‐methyltransferase in the maturation of N‐methylwelwitindolinone C isothiocyanate solidified the link between the wel pathway and welwitindolinone biosynthesis. Comparative analysis of the ambiguine and welwitindolinone biosynthetic pathways in two different organisms provided insights into the origins of diverse structures within hapalindole‐type molecules.
How Important are Impurities in Catalysis? An Example from Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Lübbe Christa , Dumrath Andreas , Neumann Helfried , Schäffer Marion , Zimmermann Ralf , Beller Matthias , Kadyrov Renat
Published: February 2014

The dramatic effect of substrate impurities on the performance of a specific ruthenium catalyst system is demonstrated in the benchmark metathesis reaction of diethyl diallylmalonate. Based on detailed two‐dimensional GC–time‐of‐flight MS measurements, the significant influence of small amounts of different contaminations, especially various organic halides, is shown. This work serves as an incisive example of the importance of impurities to catalyst performance, also in homogeneous catalysis, which is often ignored in academic research.
Characterization of Ta–Ti Thin Films by using a Scanning Droplet Cell in Combination with AC Linear Sweep Voltammetry
Authors: Fan Mu , Sliozberg Kirill , La Mantia Fabio , Miyashita Naoko , Hagymási Marcel , Schnitter Christoph , Ludwig Alfred , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: February 2014

A binary Ta–Ti thin film composition‐spread materials library is prepared through magnetron sputter co‐deposition. An automated microelectrochemical investigation on selected surface areas, corresponding to a concentration gradient of Ti varying from 0.5 to 36 at %, is achieved by using a scanning droplet cell. Simultaneously, during the anodic oxide growth, a small alternating current (AC) voltage is superimposed on the increasing direct current (DC) potential in order to record the capacitance of the mixed‐metal oxide by using alternating current linear sweep voltammetry (AC‐LSV). Valve metal behavior, with the current stabilizing after an initial rapid increase, is found for all investigated compositions. AC‐LSV allows the ratio of the formation factor to the relative permittivity for different compositions to be calculated.
Mechanistic Study on Rh‐Catalyzed Stereoselective CC/CH Activation of tert‐Cyclobutanols
Authors: Yu Haizhu , Wang Chen , Yang Yimeng , Dang Zhi‐Min
Published: February 2014

A mechanistic study was performed on the Rh‐catalyzed stereoselective CC/CH activation of tert‐cyclobutanols. The present study corroborated the previous proposal that the reaction occurs by metalation, β‐C elimination, 1,4‐Rh transfer, CO insertion, and a final catalyst‐regeneration step. The rate‐determining step was found to be the 1,4‐Rh transfer step, whereas the stereoselectivity‐determining step did not correspond to any of the aforementioned steps. It was found that both the thermodynamic stability of the product of the β‐C elimination and the kinetic feasibility of the 1,4‐Rh transfer and CO insertion steps made important contributions. In other words, three steps (i.e., β‐C elimination, 1,4‐Rh transfer, and CO insertion) were found to be important in determining the configurations of the two quaternary stereocenters.
Urea‐Based Porous Organic Frameworks: Effective Supports for Catalysis in Neat Water
Authors: Li Liuyi , Chen Zhilin , Zhong Hong , Wang Ruihu
Published: February 2014

Two urea‐based porous organic frameworks, UOF‐1 and UOF‐2, were synthesized through a urea‐forming condensation of 1,3,5‐benzenetriisocyanate with 1,4‐diaminobenzene and benzidine, respectively. UOF‐1 and UOF‐2 possess good hydrophilic properties and high scavenging ability for palladium. Their palladium polymers, PdII/UOF‐1 and PdII/UOF‐2, exhibit high catalytic activity and selectivity for Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions and selective reduction of nitroarenes in water. The catalytic reactions can be efficiently performed at room temperature. Palladium nanoparticles with narrow size distribution were formed after the catalytic reaction and were well dispersed in UOF‐1 and UOF‐2. XPS analysis confirmed the coordination of the urea oxygen atom with palladium. SEM and TEM images showed that the original network morphology of UOF‐1 and UOF‐2 was maintained after palladium loading and catalytic reactions.
Two Series of Sandwich Frameworks Based on Two Different Kinds of Nanosized Lanthanide(III) and Copper(I) Wheel Cluster Units
Authors: Fang Wei‐Hui , Cheng Jian‐Wen , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: February 2014

Two series of sandwich frameworks, [La6(μ3‐OH)2(ox)3L12Cu11(μ3‐X)6(μ2‐X)3]⋅8 H2O (X=Br/Cl, FJ‐21 a/b; L=4‐pyridin‐4‐yl‐benzonate; ox=oxalate) and [Ln4(OAc)3(H2O)4L9][Cu(μ3‐I)]@[Cu10(μ3‐I)(μ4‐I)6(μ5‐I)3]⋅7H2O (Ln=Pr/Nd/ Sm/Eu, FJ‐22 a/b/c/d; OAc=acetate) have been hydrothermally prepared. These sandwich frameworks are assembled by two different kinds of nanosized lanthanide(III) and copper(I) wheel cluster units, La18 and 3Cu@Cu24 in FJ‐21, Ln24 and Cu2@Cu24 in FJ‐22. The synergistic coordination between organic ligands, L and oxalate/acetate, leads to the formation of La18 and Ln24 wheels, while the synergistic coordination between organic L and inorganic Br/I ligands results in 3Cu@Cu24 and Cu2@Cu24 wheels for FJ‐21 and FJ‐22, respectively. Thus, two types of synergistic coordination between two different organic ligands, as well as inorganic and organic ligands are simultaneously observed in FJ‐21 and FJ‐22.
Magnetochemical Complexity of Hexa‐ and Heptanuclear Wheel Complexes of Late‐3d Ions Supported by N,O‐Donor Pyridyl–Methanolate Ligands
Authors: Monakhov Kirill Yu. , López Xavier , Speldrich Manfred , van Leusen Jan , Kögerler Paul , Braunstein Pierre , Poblet Josep M.
Published: February 2014

The scaffold geometries, stability and magnetic features of the (pyridine‐2‐yl)methanolate (L) supported wheel‐shaped transition‐metal complexes with compositions [M6L12] (1), [Na⊂(ML2)6]+ (2), and [M′⊂(ML2)6]2+ (3), in which M=CoII, NiII, CuII, and ZnII were investigated with density functional theory (DFT). The goals of this study are manifold: 1) To advance understanding of the magnetism in the synthesized compounds [Na⊂(ML2)6]+ and [M′⊂(ML2)6]2+ that were described in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.­ 2010, 49, 4443 (I‐{Na⊂Ni6}, I‐{Ni′⊂Ni6}) and Dalton Trans.­ 2011, 40, 10526 (II‐{Na⊂Co6}, II‐{Co′⊂Co6}); 2) To disclose how the structural, electronic, and magnetic characteristics of 1, 2, and 3 change upon varying MII from d7 (Co2+) to d10 (Zn2+); 3) To estimate the influence of the Na+ and M′2+ ions (XQ+) occupying the central voids of 2 and 3 on the external and internal magnetic coupling interactions in these spin structures; 4) To assess the relative structural and electrochemical stabilities of 1, 2, and 3. In particular, we focus here on the net spin polarization, the determination of the strength and the sign of the exchange coupling energies, the rationalization of the nature of the magnetic coupling, and the ground‐state structures of 1, 2, and 3. Our study combines the broken symmetry DFT approach and the model Hamiltonian methodology implemented in the computational framework CONDON 2.0 for the modeling of molecular spin structures, to interpret magnetic susceptibility measurements of I‐{Na⊂Ni6} and I‐{Ni′⊂Ni6}. We illustrate that whereas the structures, stability and magnetism of 1, 2, and 3 are indeed influenced by the nature of 3d transition‐metals in the {M6} rims, the XQ+ ions in the inner cavities of 2 and 3 impact these properties to an even larger degree. As exemplified by I‐{Ni′⊂Ni6}, such heptanuclear complexes exhibit ground‐state multiplets that cannot be described by simplistic model of spin‐up and spin‐down metal centers. Furthermore, we assess how future low‐temperature susceptibility measurements at high magnetic fields can augment the investigation of compound 3 with M=Co, Ni.
Amphiphilic Inclusion Spaces for Various Guests and Regulation of Fluorescence Intensity of 1,8‐Bis(4‐aminophenyl)anthracene Crystals
Authors: Sugino Misa , Hatanaka Keisuke , Araki Yusuke , Hisaki Ichiro , Miyata Mikiji , Tohnai Norimitsu
Published: February 2014

A host framework for inclusion of various guest molecules was investigated by preparation of inclusion crystals of 1,8‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)anthracene (1,8‐BAPA) with organic solvents. X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed construction of the same inclusion space incorporating 1,8‐BAPA and eight guest molecules including both non‐polar (benzene) and polar guests (N,N‐dimethylformamide, DMF). Fluorescence efficiencies varied depending on guest molecule polarity; DMF inclusion crystals exhibited the highest fluorescence intensity (ΦF=0.40), four times as high as that of a benzene inclusion crystal (ΦF=0.10). According to systematic investigations of inclusion phenomena, strong host–guest interactions and filling of the inclusion space led to a high fluorescence intensity. Temperature‐dependent fluorescence spectral measurements revealed these factors effectively immobilised the host framework. Although hydrogen bonding commonly decreases fluorescence intensity, the present study demonstrated that such strong interactions provide excellent conditions for fluorescence enhancement. Thus, this remarkable behaviour has potential application toward sensing of highly polar molecules, such as biogenic compounds.
Platinum Group Metal Clusters: From Gas‐Phase Structures and Reactivities towards Model Catalysts
Authors: Harding Dan J. , Fielicke André
Published: February 2014

Transition‐metal clusters have long been proposed as model systems to study heterogeneous catalysts. In this Concept article we show how advanced spectroscopic techniques can be used to determine the structures of gas‐phase transition‐metal clusters and their complexes with small molecules. Combined with computational studies, this can help to develop an understanding of the reactivity of these catalytic models.
Highly Luminescent Colloidal Eu3+‐Doped KZnF3 Nanoparticles for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of CuII Ions
Authors: Sarkar Shyam , Chatti Manjunath , Mahalingam Venkataramanan
Published: February 2014

This article describes a green synthetic approach to prepare water dispersible perovskite‐type Eu3+‐doped KZnF3 nanoparticles, carried out using environmentally friendly microwave irradiation at low temperature (85 °C) with water as a solvent. Incorporation of Eu3+ ions into the KZnF3 matrix is confirmed by strong red emission upon ultraviolet (UV) excitation of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are coated with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), which enhances the dispersibility of the nanoparticles in hydrophilic solvents. The strong red emission from Eu3+ ions is selectively quenched upon addition of CuII ions, thus making the nanoparticles a potential CuII sensing material. This sensing ability is highly reversible by the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), with recovery of almost 90 % of the luminescence. If the nanoparticles are strongly attached to a positively charged surface, dipping the surface in a CuII solution leads to the quenching of Eu3+ luminescence, which can be recovered after dipping in an EDTA solution. This process can be repeated for more than five cycles with only a slight decrease in the sensing ability. In addition to sensing, the strong luminescence from Eu3+‐doped KZnF3 nanoparticles could be used as a tool for bioimaging.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of N‐Allylindoles by Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Amination/Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Ye Ke‐Yin , Dai Li‐Xin , You Shu‐Li
Published: February 2014

Regio‐ and enantioselective synthesis of N‐allylindoles was realized through an iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination reaction with 2‐alkynylanilines and subsequent transition‐metal‐catalyzed cyclization reactions. The highly enantioenriched allylic amines prepared from Ir‐catalysis were treated with catalytic amount of NaAuCl4⋅2 H2O or PdCl2 providing various substituted N‐allylindoles in excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Anionogenic Mixed Valency in KxBa1‐xO2‐δ.
Authors: Giriyapura Shivakumara , Zhang Baomin , de Groot Robert A. , de Wijs Gilles A. , Caretta Antonio , van Loosdrecht Paul H. M. , Kockelmann Winfried , Palstra Thomas T. M. , Blake Graeme R.
Published: February 2014

The solid solution series KxBa1‐xO2‐δ (x < 0.41) is synthesized from stoichiometric amounts of Ba(NO3)2 and KO2 in liquid NH3 (‐40 to ‐60 °C, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Geometrical Spin Frustration and Ferromagnetic Ordering in (MnxPb2‐x)Pb2Sb4Se10.
Authors: Poudeu Pierre F. P. , Djieutedjeu Honore , Ranmohotti Kulugammana G. S. , Makongo Julien P. A. M. , Takas Nathan
Published: February 2014

Polycrystalline single phase powders of (MnxPb2‐x)Pb2Sb4Se10 (x = 1.0, 1.22, 2) are prepared from mixtures of the elements (800 K, 96 h).
ChemInform Abstract: La10W2O21: An Anion‐Deficient Fluorite‐Related Superstructure with Oxide Ion Conduction.
Authors: Chambrier Marie‐Helene , Le Bail Armel , Giovannelli Fabien , Redjaimia Abdelkrim , Florian Pierre , Massiot Dominique , Suard Emmanuelle , Goutenoire Francois
Published: February 2014

La10W2O21 is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of La2O3 and WO3 (alumina crucible, 1550 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Iron(II) and Copper(II) Diphosphates Containing Flattened Metal Oxotetrahedra.
Authors: Keates Adam C. , Wang Qianlong , Weller Mark T.
Published: February 2014

Single crystals of K2FeIIP2O7 (I) are grown by heating a 1:2:1 mixture of FeII oxalate, (NH4)2HPO4, and K2CO3 (N2/5% H2 atmosphere; 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the Crystal and Magnetic Structures and Properties of the Hydroxyfluorides Fe(OH)F and Co(OH)F.
Authors: Ben Yahia Hamdi , Shikano Masahiro , Tabuchi Mitsuharu , Kobayashi Hironori , Avdeev Maxim , Tan Thiam Teck , Liu Samuel , Ling Chris D.
Published: February 2014

The new compounds Fe(OH)F and Co(OH)0.86F1.14 are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of M(OAc)2 (M: Fe, Co) and LiF (autoclave, 200 °C, 48 h) and characterized by powder and/or single crystal XRD, neutron powder diffraction, and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Insertion of N‐Tosylhydrazones and Trapping with Carbon Nucleophiles.
Authors: Zhou Ping‐Xin , Ye Yu‐Ying , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: February 2014

A novel and mild Pd‐catalyzed three‐component coupling of vinyl iodides, tosylhydrazones, and carbon nucleophiles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for the Protection of Aromatic Amines with Benzostabase and Its Utility in Anionic Aromatic Transformations.
Authors: Lu Erhu , Yadav Arun , Weaver Donald F. , Reed Mark A.
Published: February 2014

A series of functionalized aromatic amines is protected by using silicon‐based substrate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 1,3‐Diols from Enones: Cooperative Lewis Base‐Mediated Intramolecular Carbonyl Hydrosilylations.
Authors: Medina Casey , Carter Kyle P. , Miller Michael , Clark Timothy B. , O'Neil Gregory W.
Published: February 2014

The hydroxy ketones (II), (X), and (XII), generated from enones by a convenient procedure, are found to undergo base‐mediated hydrosilylation with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: n‐BuLi/LiCH2CN‐Mediated One‐Carbon Homologation of Aryl Epoxides into Conjugated Allyl Alcohols.
Authors: Tomioka Takashi , Sankranti Rambabu , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Clark Courtney
Published: February 2014

Styrene oxides react with an equimolar mixture of BuLi and lithioacetonitrile, which is generated in situ from BuLi and acetonitrile, to give one‐carbon homologated allylic alcohols in a highly regioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Allylic Alcohols: The Issue of C=C Bond Isomerization.
Authors: Liu Jinxian , Ma Shengming
Published: February 2014

An eco‐friendly, mild protocol for synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated enals or enones from allylic alcohols with retention of the double‐bond configuration is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Conversion of Propargylic Alcohols to α,β‐Unsaturated Enones in Ionic Liquids (ILs); a New “Metal Free” Life for the Rupe Rearrangement.
Authors: Nandi Ganesh C. , Rathman Benjamin M. , Laali Kenneth K.
Published: February 2014

A Rupe/aldol/Nazarov reaction sequence for the synthesis of a bicyclic fused cyclopentanone (XV) is also demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Catalyzed Annulations Between Modified Allylic Derivatives and Polar Dienes and Substituent Effect on the Annulation Mode.
Authors: Tian Junjun , Sun Haiyun , Zhou Rong , He Zhengjie
Published: February 2014

Annulation reactions of allylic derivatives and dienes are significantly influenced by substituents in both substrates providing [4 + 1] annulation products (II) and [3 + 2] annulation products (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Role of Allylsamarium Bromide as a Grignard Reagent and a Single Electron Transfer Reagent in the One‐Pot Synthesis of Terminal Olefins.
Authors: Li Ying , Hu Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Song‐Lin
Published: February 2014

A series of terminal alkenes (III) is synthesized by reaction of allylsamarium bromide (II) with aldehydes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative ortho Acylation of Azobenzenes with α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids.
Authors: Li Zhong‐Yuan , Li Dan‐Dan , Wang Guan‐Wu
Published: February 2014

This protocol is compatible to functional groups and can be used for para, ortho, and unsymmetrical substituted azobenzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction Aldol‐Type Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters with Aldehydes or Ketones in the Presence of Rh Catalyst and Et2Zn.
Authors: Sato Kazuyuki , Isoda Motoyuki , Tokura Yoriko , Omura Keiko , Tarui Atsushi , Omote Masaaki , Kumadaki Itsumaro , Ando Akira
Published: February 2014

The title reaction is proposed to involve the formation of a Reformatsky‐type reagent which reacts with aldehydes and ketones to give β‐hydroxyesters.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioenriched Bifunctional Crotylsilanes for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected 2‐Methyl‐1,3‐diols.
Authors: Kim Dongeun , Lee Jae Seung , Lozano Lucia , Kong Suk Bin , Han Hyunsoo
Published: February 2014

Bifunctional air‐stable crotylsilane (I) undergoes highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective aldehyde crotylation followed by Ir(I)‐catalyzed double diastereoselective allylic etherification.
ChemInform Abstract: γ‐Carbonyl Quinones: Radical Strategy for the Synthesis of Evelynin and Its Analogues by C—H Activation of Quinones Using Cyclopropanols.
Authors: Ilangovan Andivelu , Saravanakumar Shanmugasundar , Malayappasamy Subramani
Published: February 2014

Oxidative ring opening of cyclopropanols is achieved using a cheap oxidant system consisting of AgNO3 and K2S2O8 under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Disulfonamide‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of β3‐Amino Esters Directly from N‐Boc‐Amino Sulfones.
Authors: Wang Qinggang , Leutzsch Markus , van Gemmeren Manuel , List Benjamin
Published: February 2014

The first asymmetric Mannich reaction of silyl ketene acetals with N‐Boc‐amino sulfones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Korenaga Toshinobu , Ko Aram , Shimada Kazuaki
Published: February 2014

This is the first example of a Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐addition below 0°C.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation on the Coordination Mode of IL‐Supported Diols Used as Phosphine‐Free Ligands for Palladium Catalyzed Heck Reaction.
Authors: Cai Yueqin , Song Gonghua , Chen Xiao
Published: February 2014

Ligand screening experiments indicate that the activity of the Pd‐catalyst is affected mainly by the π‐electron density of the cationic ring moieties.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Direct Cross‐Coupling of Organolithium Compounds with Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Hornillos Valentin , Giannerini Massimo , Vila Carlos , Fananas‐Mastral Martin , Feringa Ben L.
Published: February 2014

Direct cross coupling of aryl chlorides with aryllithium reagents is achieved under mild conditions using the commercially available Pd2(dba)3/XPhos catalyst system or the air‐stable Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent (PPI) catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Free Copper‐Mediated Sonogashira Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Borude Vasant S. , Shah Rikhil V. , Shukla Sanjeev R.
Published: February 2014

A polystyrene‐supported Cu complex is used as catalyst for the coupling reaction of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynes to 1,3‐Diynes with Diaziridinone under Mild Conditions
Authors: Zhu Yingguang , Shi Yian
Published: February 2014

15 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Green Access to Novel Spiro Pyranopyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Pore D. M. , Patil P. B. , Gaikwad D. S. , Hegade P. G. , Patil J. D. , Undale K. A.
Published: February 2014

Pyrazolone, generated in situ from acetylenic ester (II) and hydrazine hydrate reacts with isatins and malononitrile to provide novel spiro compounds under catalyst‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydrobenzylation of ortho‐Tolyl Alkynyl Ethers by Benzylic C—H Activation: Remarkable Alkynoxy‐Directing Effect.
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Yamada Kotomi , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: February 2014

The present reaction proceeds not only for silylated alkynes but also for substrates bearing a carbonaceous substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Harnessing Reversible Oxidative Addition: Application of Diiodinated Aromatic Compounds in the Carboiodination Process.
Authors: Petrone David A. , Lischka Matthias , Lautens Mark
Published: February 2014

A sequential intramolecular carboiodination/intermolecular Heck reaction process is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium/Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H Alkenylation/N‐Dealkylative Carbonylation of Tertiary Anilines.
Authors: Shi Reny , Lu Lijun , Zhang Hua , Chen Borui , Sha Yuchen , Liu Chao , Lei Aiwen
Published: February 2014

For the first time the aerobic title reaction is presented and furnishes the products in moderate to good yields tolerating a variety of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Direct C2‐Cyanation of Indoles Using Acetonitrile as the Cyanide Source.
Authors: Pan Changduo , Jin Hongming , Xu Pan , Liu Xu , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian
Published: February 2014

A copper‐mediated C2‐cyanation of indoles using acetonitrile as the cyanide source is achieved through sequential C—C and C—H bond cleavages.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Approach for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Oxindoles with a 3‐Sulfenyl‐Substituted Quaternary Stereocenter.
Authors: Dou Xiaowei , Zhou Bo , Yao Weijun , Zhong Fangrui , Jiang Chunhui , Lu Yixin
Published: February 2014

Michael addition of various sulfenyloxindoles to nitroolefins proceeds stereoselectively using a quinine catalyst bearing a silyl‐threonine moiety to give oxindoles with a 3‐sulfenyl‐substituted quaternary center in excellent yields and with high diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Benzo[f]isoindole‐1,3‐dicarboxylates via an I2‐Induced 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Li Yu‐Jin , Huang Huan‐Ming , Dong Hua‐Qing , Jia Jian‐Hong , Han Liang , Ye Qing , Gao Jian‐Rong
Published: February 2014

For the first time, an iodine‐induced 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between quinones and N‐substituted amino esters is reported providing a novel strategy for the synthesis of isoindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Merging Synthesis and Enantioselective Functionalization of Indoles by a Gold‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cascade Reaction.
Authors: Chiarucci Michel , Mocci Rita , Syntrivanis Leonidas‐Dimitrios , Cera Gianpiero , Mazzanti Andrea , Bandini Marco
Published: February 2014

An unprecedented Au‐catalyzed cascade reaction sequence of ynals to provide different substituted oxazino‐indoles with high enantioselectivities is described.
ChemInform Abstract: New Routes for the Synthesis of Fused Pyrrole Scaffolds Through Transition Metal‐Free Tandem Reactions.
Authors: Yang Bingchuan , Huang Zixiao , Guan Hegen , Niu Xiaoyi , Li Yanqiu , Fang Shuai , Ma Chen
Published: February 2014

Different tandem reactions take place when the α‐substituents in the pyrrole substrates are changed (‐Me, CH2Cl, ‐CHCl2, ‐CCl3).