bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stock Return Response to Changes in MSCI Standard and Small Cap Index Composition for Turkey
Authors: AVCI Emin , ÇİNKO Murat , ÖNER Mehtap , AYBARS Aslı
Published: March 2023

The effect of index reconstitution on stock return and volume have been one of the controversial subjects in finance. Although, there are several researches, which are analyzing the domestic stock market index effect on stocks, a few studies focused on the effects of an international index. By the use of event study methodology, this paper analyzes the price effect of changes in constituents of two MSCI indexes (Standard Index and Small Cap Index) for Turkish companies as of announcement and effective dates. Overall, there are four analyses; namely, addition to Small Cap Index with respect to announcement (effective) day, deletion from Small Cap Index with respect to announcement (effective) day, addition to Standard Index with respect to announcement day (effective), and deletion from Standard Index with respect to announcement day (effective). The findings of the study present that index effect may appear or disappear, depending on the index, on which index reconstitution is being analyzed. Moreover, existence of the index effect is also subject to event day definition, which may be either announcement date or effective date of the index event.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF OPEN COMMINUTED INTRA-ARTICULAR TRANSCONDYLAR FRACTURE OF HUMERUS WITH DISPLACED FRACTURE FRAGMENTS (CLINICAL CASE)
Authors: Yamshikov Oleg N.
Published: March 2023

Complex intra-articular fractures require active patient management tactics and almost always the use of surgical treatment. For intra-articular fractures, it is extremely important to restore the normal anatomical structure, precise reposition and fixation of the fracture, without which it is impossible to restore the full function of the joint and limb. Surgical treatment should be carried out as early as possible in order to prevent the development of contractures. The purpose of this publication is to demonstrate the successful experience of treating a patient with an open comminuted intra-articular transcondylar fracture of humerus with displaced fracture fragments and the validity of the choice of an operative method of treatment of this pathology. Materials and methods : description of a clinical case and a brief analysis of the literature on this issue. Presented case of open reposition of a comminuted intra-articular transcondylar fracture of the shoulder and extra-cortical osteosynthesis with two reconstructive plates is successful. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated based on the data of X-ray examination methods, as well as assessing the function of the limb and the amplitude of movement in the elbow joint. Results : performed open reposition of a comminuted intra-articular transcondylar fracture of shoulder and extra-cortical osteosynthesis with two reconstructive plates. Complete restoration of limb function and anatomical integrity of the distal metaepiphysis of the humerus has been achieved, the patient’s ability to work has been restored.
Integrating AI/ML Models for Patient Stratification Leveraging Omics Dataset and Clinical Biomarkers from COVID-19 Patients: A Promising Approach to Personalized Medicine
Authors: Bello Babatunde , Bundey Yogesh Naren , Bhave Roshan , Khotimchenko Maksim , Baran Szczepan W. , Chakravarty Kaushik , Varshney Jyotika
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented an unprecedented challenge to the healthcare system. Identifying the genomics and clinical biomarkers for effective patient stratification and management is critical to controlling the spread of the disease. Omics datasets provide a wealth of information that can aid in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 and identifying potential biomarkers for patient stratification. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms have been increasingly used to analyze large-scale omics and clinical datasets for patient stratification. In this manuscript, we demonstrate the recent advances and predictive accuracies in AI and ML-based patient stratification modeling linking omics and clinical biomarker datasets, focusing on COVID-19 patients. Our ML model not only demonstrates that clinical features are enough an indicator of COVID-19 severity and survival but also infers what clinical features are more impactful, which makes our approach a useful guide for clinicians for prioritization of best-fit therapeutics for a given cohort of patients. Moreover, with weighted gene network analysis, we are able to provide insights into gene networks that have a significant association with COVID-19 severity and clinical features. Finally, we have demonstrated the importance of clinical biomarkers in identifying high-risk patients and predicting disease progression.
Vegetable Oil-Peroxidation Product ‘Hydroxynonenal’ Causes Hepatic Injury and Steatosis by Hsp70.1 and BHMT Disorders
Authors: Yamashima Tetsumori , Mori Yurie , Seike Takuya , Ahmed Sharif , Boontem Piyakarn , Li Shihui , Oikawa Shinji , Kobayashi Hatasu , Yamashita Tatsuya , Kikuchi Mitsuru , Kaneko Shuichi , Mizukoshi Eishiro
Published: March 2023

Hsp70.1 has dual functions as chaperone protein and lysosomal stabilizer. Previously, we reported that calpain-mediated cleavage of carbonylated Hsp70.1 causes ischemic neuronal death by inducing lysosomal rupture. Recently, we found that the consecutive injections of vegetable oil-peroxidation product ‘hydroxynonenal’ induces hepatocyte death via the similar cascade. As Hsp70.1 is related also to fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver, its deficiency is known to cause accumulation of fat. Genetic deletion of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) was reported to perturb choline metabolism, inducing decrease of phosphatidylcholine with the resultant hepatic steatosis. Here, focusing on disorders of Hsp70.1 and BHMT, we studied the mechanism of hepatocyte degeneration and steatosis, using monkeys after the consecutive injections of synthetic hydroxynonenal. As these monkeys showed a significant impairment of liver functions, the liver tissues without and with hydroxynonenal injections were compared by proteomics, immunoblotting, immunohisto-chemical and electron microscopic analyses. Western blotting showed upregulation of neither Hsp70.1 nor BHMT, but an increased cleavage of both proteins. Proteomics showed downregulation of Hsp70.1, while 2-fold increments of carbonylated BHMT. Hsp70.1 carbonylation was negligible, showing a marked contrast to ischemic neurons which were associated with ~10-fold increments. The control liver histologically showed lipid droplets in Ito cells, but lipid depositions within hepatocytes were very little. In contrast, after hydroxynonenal injections, widespread fatty degeneration and focal coagulation necrosis were observed with accumulation of numerous tiny lipid droplets within and around the degenerating/dying hepatocytes. Electron microscopy showed lysosomal membrane permeabilization/rupture, remarkable dissolution of mitochondria and rough ER membrane, and proliferation of abnormal peroxisomes. It is probable that disruptions of rough ER caused impaired synthesis of Hsp70.1 and BHMT proteins, while impairments of mitochondria and peroxisomes presumably contributed to the sustained generation of reactive oxygen species. Since both Hsp70.1 and BHMT are vulnerable to the long-standing oxidative stressor, hydroxynonenal-induced disorders facilitated degeneration and steatosis of hepatocytes, respectively.
Agon: Are Military Officers Educated for the Modern Society?
Authors: Magnussen Leif Inge , Boe Ole Christian , Torgersen Glenn-Egil
Published: March 2023

The research question in this article concerns how a competitive environment affects the learner (officer cadet's) personal leadership development and their relationship to their team and with future civilian foundations. More specifically, what are the possible learning effects of the “hidden” curriculum? This article investigates how a more than 250 years of leadership education provides new army officers with new skills and how such an environment may affect the cadets' leadership training. The paper builds on ethnographic data gathered during the three-year education program in most of the relevant practical locations and contexts. Findings regarding trust in their learning environment, cadets have reported scores of (Mean 2.83) on a 1 (low trust) to 5 (high trust) Likert scale, underpinning interviewdata regarding the lack trust in the academy and in their fellow cadets. Cadets also point out that competition has hindered their learning (Mean 2.50). These findings are interpreted in relation to possible negative effects stemming from internal competition and the evaluation system as a whole. The overall output of this system is a zero–sum game, and thus effects evaluative practices and learning processes. This study is of relevance to higher education officers responsible for designing learning environments.
Corneal Biomechanics and Glaucoma
Authors: Brazuna Rodrigo , Alonso Ruiz S. , Salomao Marcella Q. , Fernandes Bruno F. , Jr. And Renato Ambrosio
Published: March 2023

Biomechanics is a branch of biophysics that deals with mechanics applied to biology. The biomechanics of the cornea plays a significant role in managing patients with glaucoma. While evidence suggests a higher risk of glaucoma in patients with thin and stiffer corneas, it also affects the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP). We reviewed the pertinent literature to help the understanding of corneal biomechanics and how it can help optimize clinical and surgical treatments and a better approach to diagnosing and managing patients with glaucoma.
Experimental-AI Investigation of the Effect of Particle Shape on the Damping Ratio of Dry Sand under Simple Shear Test Loading
Authors: Baghbani Abolfazl , Costa Susanga , Faradonbeh Roohollah Shirani , Soltani Amin , Baghbani Hasan
Published: March 2023

This paper reports on a series of dynamic simple shear tests conducted to investigate the influence of particle shape on the damping ratio of dry sand. The tests were conducted on sand samples subjected to simple cyclic shear tests to evaluate their cyclic behavior. The particle shape was quantified using three shape parameters: roundness, sphericity, and regularity. The sand samples were subjected to twelve different scenarios with varying vertical stresses and cyclic stress ratios (CSR), in both constant and controlled stress states. Each scenario involved five cyclic tests, using the same sand that was reconstructed from its previous cyclic test. After each cyclic test, hysteresis loops were created to determine the damping ratio. The results showed that the shape of the sand particles changed during cyclic loading, becoming more rounded and spherical, which resulted in an increase in damping ratio. Moreover, the paper presents two artificial intelligence models, an artificial neural network (ANN) and a support vector machine (SVM), which were developed to predict the effect of grain shape on the damping ratio. The models were found to be effective in predicting the damping ratio based on the shape of the grain, vertical stress, CSR, and number of loading cycles. Furthermore, a parameter analysis was conducted to identify the most important shape parameter, which was found to be vertical stress and regularity, while parameter CSR was the least important. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between particle shape and damping ratio, which could have practical implications for geotechnical engineering applications.
Disentangling the Effects of Mindfulness, Savoring, and Depressive Symptoms among Emerging Adults
Authors: Cheung Rebecca Y. M. , Ng Melody C. Y.
Published: March 2023

The links between mindfulness, savoring positive experiences, and depressive symptoms have been well-established in the literature. Nevertheless, little has been done to disentangle the prospective relations among these constructs. Clarifying the longitudinal relations is crucial, as it enables researchers and practitioners to discern potential trajectories of mental health interventions. In this study, 180 emerging adults between 18 and 27 years old were recruited twice at 3 months apart to complete self-reported measures including mindfulness, savoring positive experiences, and depressive symptoms. Cross-lagged path analysis indicated that savoring the moment was predictive of mindfulness three months later, whereas depressive symptoms were predictive of both mindfulness and savoring the moment three months later, above and beyond the effects of age, gender, and family income. Additionally, mindfulness, savoring positive experiences, and depressive symptoms were significantly correlated at baseline. The present study evidenced short-term inversed effects of depressive symptoms on mindfulness and savoring the moment, as well as a positive effect of savoring the moment on mindfulness. Hence, interventions gearing towards symptom reduction of depression are likely to carry concurrent and prospective benefits of psychological functioning, namely the ability to be present in the moment and to savor. Taken together, reducing depressive symptoms may be crucial in fostering psychological well-being.
Clinical Assessment of Specifically Formulated Creams for Oncology: Case Series
Authors: Esquirol Caussa Jordi , Ribes Bernal José Luis
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION: Radiation dermatitis is a common sequela of radiotherapy (RT) that can affect up to 95% of patients, developing moderate to severe skin reactions in up to 30% of them. Variation in fractionation or administration methods may reduce the incidence and severity of radiation dermatitis. It is considered that topical use of preparations holding certain preservatives, surfactants, additives, oils, and impurities should be avoided in cancer patients. In clinical practice, creams of different compositions are used, with and without Epidermal Growth Factor (EFG). OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of three creams of different compositions for the control of symptoms and skin side effects of RT.METHODS: A pilot study comparing three treatment groups (HR, HU, and RS creams) during the RT program and with a follow-up of 2 weeks thereafter. Study variables: fractionation, Patient-Observer scale, Maxidex (elasticity, hydration, melanin, erythema).RESULTS: The pilot study sample included 15 patients (5 for each group), so the results were not statistically significant. There were no undesirable side effects to the application of the creams under study and compliance and tolerance were excellent.Regardless of fractionation, RS cream appears to be more effective in controlling symptoms during RT, while HU cream may control them more effectively after the RT regimen is completed.During RT, in hypofractionated therapies, the RS cream seems to preserve elasticity, hydration, and hyperpigmentation allowing erythema that could increase skin repair processes. After the RT is finished, the HR cream further improves elasticity and allows the appearance of erythema.In normofractionated therapies during RT all creams seem to have comparable results in the four cutaneous components analyzed; after completion of RT, HR cream appears to better control hydration and hyperpigmentation.CONCLUSIONS: All the creams analyzed have good control of symptoms and the appearance of the skin during and after RT. The prescription of one or another composition should be done individually according to the cutaneous and clinical particularities of each patient. A study with experimental design is needed to analyze the statistical significance of the differences between the creams analyzed.
Effect of Transplanting Date on Agronomic and Grain Quality Traits Using Early Maturing Rice Varieties
Authors: Yun Yeotae , Kim Gyucheol , Cho Giwon , Yun Tugsang
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to investigate how transplanting date affects the agronomic and grain quality traits of two early maturing rice varieties. The experiment was conducted in the rice research field of Chungnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services, South Korea and rice materials were transplanted at intervals of approximately 15 days from April 16 to July 16 in 2019 and 2020. Results showed that agronomic and grain quality traits varied according to the transplanting date, and earlier transplanting resulted in the longer period of days from transplanting to heading (DTH). The spikelet number m-2 was highly correlated with the milled rice yield (r = 0.963** for Jinbuol, r = 0.909** for Yeoreumi) and it significantly decreased as the transplanting date was delayed, which was leading to lower yield. Environmental factors, the mean temperature during the grain filling stage, had a negative correlation with head rice rate (r2 = 0.825** for Jinbuol, r2 = 0.803** for Yeoreumi), and the number of days from transplanting to heading showed negative correlation with protein content (r2 = 0.777** for Jinbuol, r2 = 0.833** for Yeoreumi). Therefore, increasing the number of days from transplanting to heading date can lead to higher milled rice yield and lower protein content, and avoiding heading dates on July 17 can improve the appearance traits. As a results, it is suggested that early transplanting is advantageous to increase the milled rice yield and grain quality of early maturing rice.
Digital Transformation and Education. A Technical Point of View
Authors: De Paz Carmona Manuel Eusebio , De Paz Carmona Héctor , Carmona Calero Emilia María
Published: March 2023

First came the digital banks without offices, and then the “fintech” companies that combined technology and finance to achieve greater efficiency and new business models. Later was the turn of transport and logistics, understood as the sector whose economic activities derived from the transport of people and goods, while on the one hand, it has had a new spring thanks to factors such as online sales. Then, perhaps catalyzed by the pandemic scenario, the turn has reached education, where years ago was only a complement of traditional education, now is a central part with multiple modern methodologies. Numerous studies exist about using or implementing these e-learning procedures, but technical analysis is barely found in references. This work aims to analyze the digital transformation of the main sectors of our society, including finances, transport, and education, together with several examples of how technology was helping to fight the pandemic scenario.
Dietary and Sexual Correlates of Gut Microbiota in the Japa-Nese Gecko, Gekko japonicus (Schlegel, 1836)
Authors: Jiang Xin-Ru , Dai Ying-Yu , Wang Yu-Rong , Guo Kun , Du Yu , Gao Jian-Fang , Lin Long-Hui , Li Peng , Li Hong , Ji Xiang , Qu Yan-Fu
Published: March 2023

Numerous studies have demonstrated that multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors shape the structure and composition of gut microbiota in a host. The disorder of gut microbiota may trigger various host diseases. Here, we collected fecal samples from wild-caught Japanese geckos (Gekko japonicus) and captive conspecifics fed with mealworms (mealworm-fed geckos) and fruit flies (fly-fed geckos), aiming to examine dietary and sexual correlates of gut microbiota. We used the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology to determine the composition of gut microbiota. The dominant phyla with a mean relative abundance higher than 10% were Verrucomicrobiota, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes. Gut microbial community richness was higher in mealworm-fed geckos than in fly-fed and wild geckos, and community diversity was higher in mealworm-fed geckos than in wild geckos. Neither alpha nor beta diversity of gut microbiota differed among wild, mealworm-fed and fly-fed geckos. The beta rather than alpha diversity of gut microbiota was sex-dependent. Based on the relative abundance of gut bacteria and its gene functions, we concluded that gut microbiota contributed more significantly to the host’s metabolic and immune functions. Higher diversity of gut microbiota in mealworm-fed geckos could result from higher chitin contents of insects of the order Coleoptera. This study not only provides basic information about the gut microbiota of G. japonicus, but also shows that gut microbiota correlates with dietary habit and sex in the species.
DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HORIZONTAL STEAM GENERATOR PGV-1000
Authors: Yefimov Olexander , Tiutiunyk Larysa , Tetyana Harkusha , Tetyana Yesypenko , Motovilnik Anastasiia
Published: March 2023

The materials of the article consider the design characteristics of horizontal steam generators PGV-1000 for WWER NPPs. The NPP steam generator, in particular the PGV-1000 steam generator, is a specific heat exchange unit. This unit, together with a nuclear reactor and a steam turbine, is one of the main equipment of multi-circuit (double-circuit) steam turbine NPPs. The steam generator produces working steam using heat dissipated from the reactor core by the cooling medium and sent to the heat exchange surface of the steam generator. NPP steam generators, connecting the contours of the coolant and the working substance, equally belong to each of them. The heat-absorbing medium in the steam generator is the working substance (water, steam). PGV-1000 type NPP steam generators with pressurized water reactors produce dry saturated steam. The requirement to maintain high purity of the coolant is due to the heat transfer surfaces of such steam generators made of austenitic stainless steel with electropolished surfaces. WWER reactors do not allow the coolant to boil in the core, so the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the reactor (at the inlet to the steam generator) is always lower than the saturation temperature corresponding to the water pressure in the coolant circuit. Underheating of the coolant to the saturation temperature (approximately 25 ÷ 30 °С) guarantees the exclusion of vaporization even in the most loaded reactor channels. The design characteristics of modern horizontal steam generators such as PGV-1000 of various modifications provide high technical and economic performance of NPP units with WWER-1000 and high maintainability, which allows to extend the service life of domestic NPPs.
DEVELOPMENT AND COMPARISON OF DEEP LEARNING MODELS FOR SEGMENTATION OF SATELLITE IMAGES FOR LOCALIZATION OF SOIL EROSION
Authors: Bahmut Ivan , Fihurska Valentyna
Published: March 2023

This work is devoted to solve the problem of automatic determination of the geographic location of soils showing signs of degradation. The work carried out a detailed study of the existing literature on the subject, considered algorithms and approaches to solving the problem and their advantages and disadvantages, as well as proposed evaluation criteria and a basic algorithm for comparison with the results of further research and experiments. This approach provides an adequate assessment of the quality of image segmentation software development. Since machine learning algorithms require pre-processing of data, and there are also certain features of working with satellite images, a number of functions have been developed that can be used by such algorithms in the future. The result of the work is a developed software package for downloading and processing satellite images, as well as training and evaluation of deep learning models.
EXAMPLES AND PROBLEMS FROM THE COMPLEX TEACHING OF THE DISCIPLINE OF FOOD CHEMISTRY
Authors: Bukhkalo Svetlana , Iglin Sergii , Kravchenko Victoria , Kopeychenko Yevhen , Nazarenko Maryna
Published: March 2023

The materials of the article consider the possibilities for determining the goals of education of university students in the discipline of Food Chemistry with the aim of further developing the components of complex projects. When writing the article, many years of experience in teaching the discipline «General technology of the food industry» at the National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute» at the Department of Integrated Technologies, Processes and Devices were used. Developments are carried out to the application of modern, highly effective scientifically based technologies for the use of raw materials, for example, from types of chemical analysis of raw materials and products to the selection of technological stages. Examples and some features of possible training solutions are presented, which are based on experimental data for the development of mechanisms for the identification and classification of technological processes and devices in the form of intellectual property objects. The article shows examples of directions for improving technology and equipment for tomato processing in various ways, analyzed methods of intensification of technological production processes taking into account the knowledge gained from the discipline of Food Chemistry, as well as innovations of various types of companies with complex processing of various types of raw materials. The problem of disposal of various types of waste is considered in the form of complex complex processes, their research and analysis of energy- and resource-saving components.
REHABILITATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH IN THE POST-VIOUS PERIOD: SOCIAL ASPECT
Authors: Novosolova Svitlana , Liabakh Natalia
Published: March 2023

The article presents the need for effective rehabilitation of people’s psychological health in the post-covid period; regulatory documents defining the state policy on rehabilitation in the field of health care were considered; it became clear that the problem of a planetary scale (COVID-19) needs to be solved from the side of the scientific community of the whole world, which will be facilitated by the research of scientists and practitioners and scientific and communicative activities; the necessary provision of access to multidisciplinary services for the assessment of symptoms of physical and psychological health of victims of COVID-19, the conduct of further tests and research, the provision of comprehensive, interdisciplinary rehabilitation services, based on local needs and resources; emphasis is placed on the creation of psychological rehabilitation offices, the task of which is to adapt the victims to life in new conditions, using non-medicinal methods; the need to establish multidisciplinary rehabilitation centers throughout the territory of Ukraine is substantiated.
Work ready graduates for Australian small and medium Accounting firms
Authors: Hayes Sharon , Freudenberg Brett , Delaney Deborah
Published: March 2023

Approximately 40% of graduate recruitment in Australia is by small and medium accounting (SMA) firms, firms which can face different constraints compared to their larger counterparts. Given the attributes of SMA firms it is important to appreciate what they consider makes a work ready graduate. This article reports the findings of a study that explores what makes a graduate work ready when commencing employment within an Australian SMA firm. The findings suggest that a work ready graduate for an SMA firm has a working knowledge and understanding of business accounting software programs, taxation knowledge and tax software skills. Additionally, there is a high emphasis on communication and interpersonal skills. This raises the question as to whether current university degrees are providing adequate technical and generic skill development for those graduates seeking employment with SMA firms.
Brief: An MWD Downhole Assistant Driller
Authors: Hutchinson Mark , Henneuse Henry , Dubinsky Vladimir
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Measurement-while-drilling (MWD) systems have been used historically to position a wellbore correctly and to evaluate geological formations around the borehole. In addition to having real-time information about where you are drilling and what you are drilling, it is also advantageous to have information about how the drilling process is proceeding. The interpretation of downhole drilling characteristics from surface measurements requires specialized expertise and is not always reliable. Placing a downhole MWD device that measures both drilling forces and motions near the bit provides more reliable diagnoses of drilling phenomena. Presenting this information on an easily interpreted rig-floor display permits the driller to "feel" how a well is drilling.
Brief: A Study of the Effect of Drilling-Fluid Fines on Reservoir Performance
Authors: Fraser L. J. , Reid P. I. , Williamson L. D. , Enriquez F. P.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Most oilfield drilling is undertaken for the purpose of producing hydrocarbons. During the era of high oil and gas prices, little attention was paid to the effect that the process of penetrating the reservoir had on its ability to release hydrocarbons. In the current climate of reduced pricing, the subject of reservoir impairment has become the focus of widespread industry attention. One of the most damaging effects that a drilling fluid can have on reservoir producibility is caused by the presence of fine solids in the fluid. This work, carried out at Schlumberger Cambridge Research, focused on understanding the mechanisms by which fines invade sandstone matrices and the circumstances under which such invasion occurs. We further pursued an understanding of the mechanisms underlying the unexpectedly low damaging performance being observed with fluids based on a complex formed between conventional oilfield grade bentonite and highly cationic mixed metal hydroxide (MMH) crystals. All investigations have been directed at an openhole, nonperforated completion scenario.
Unnecessary Preoperative Workup in Healthy Patients with Isolated Orthopedic Trauma: An Area of Healthcare Waste
Authors: Wright Branden , Morley Meghan , Gentile Pietro , Freeland Erik
Published: March 2023

Purpose
Reducing waste is at the forefront for healthcare administrators, and one area to target is routine pre-operative testing. Despite the availability of professional/societal guidelines, physicians continue to order routine preoperative tests. Preoperative tests rarely influence surgical management, and there is data supporting safety without preoperative testing in low-risk surgeries for healthy patients. We believe these principles can be extrapolated to low-risk orthopedic procedures in healthy patients, such as isolated distal extremity fractures. We believe there will be enough wasted expenditure with unnecessary preoperative workup in isolated orthopedic trauma to warrant change in preoperative management.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of 209 cases of isolated distal extremity fractures from July 2019-July 2020 was conducted. Charts were queried for preoperative tests completed. Each case’s respective series of preoperative tests were compared to what professional/societal guidelines deemed appropriate. A decision-making analysis was performed to assess physician overordering. Total number of unnecessary tests was calculated, and cost analysis was completed to determine potential waste.
Results
98% of cases had at least one unnecessary test. Coagulation profiles and blood type tests were the most commonly over-ordered tests at 90% of the time. Cost analysis revealed $262,624 in potentially wasted expenditure. Blood type tests and chest x-rays represented the largest portion, with $129,654 and $71,694 of wasted expenditure respectively.
Conclusion
We recommend the implementation of multimodal interventions in clinics treating these injuries. Interventions should include components of provider education, provider audit and feedback, and EMR ordering restrictions to reduce this area of waste.
Immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in people with immunodeficiencies
Authors: Ricotta Emily , Zendt Mackenzie , Castillo Fausto Bustos , Kelly Sophie , Saturday Taylor , DeGrange Maureen , Ginigeme Anita , Wu Lurline , Callier Viviane , Ortega-Villa Ana , Faust Mondreakest , Bugal Kara , Khil Pavel , Youn Jung-Ho , Osei Gloria , Regmi Pravesh , Anderson Victoria , Daub Janine , Dimaggio Thomas , Kreuzburg Samantha , Pfister Justina , Treat Jennifer , Ulrick Jean , Karkanitsa Maria , Kalish Heather , Kuhns Doug , Priel Debra Long , Fink Danielle , Tsang John , Sparks Rachel , Uzel Gulbu , Waldman Meryl , Zerbe Christa , Delmonte Ottavia , Bergerson Jenna , Das Sanchita , Freeman Alexandra , Lionakis Michail , Sadtler Kaitlyn , Doremalen Neeltje van , Munster Vincent , Notarangelo Luigi , Holland Steve
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 vaccine research in immune-deficient/disordered people (IDP) has primarily focused on cancer and organ transplantation populations. We followed 195 IDP with varied immune disorders and 35 healthy volunteers (HV) from April 2021-April 2022. Anti-spike IgG and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 pseudo-neutralization were measured though six months post-dose 3. Anti-spike IgG was detected in 93% of IDP by six months post-dose 3. IgG dynamics in IDP and HV were similar, though median IgG levels for IDP were <33% of HV at all timepoints. IgG concentrations were lower against Omicron BA.1 than other variants at all timepoints. Pseudo-neutralization capacity was modestly correlated with anti-spike IgG concentration, but was especially low for Omicron BA.1. Post-vaccination adverse events were minimal. Results were largely unaffected by participants’ immunomodulatory medication and treatments. COVID-19 vaccines are safe, induce anti-spike IgG in most IDP, and should be more strongly recommended for people with immunodeficiencies.
Delayed Impact of Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Yang , Du Haifeng , Havlin Shlomo
Published: March 2023

Interdisciplinary research increasingly fuels innovation, and is a key input for future breakthroughs. Yet when does interdisciplinary research achieve its major impact remains unclear. Here, we use the time of a paper to reach its citation peak to quantify citation dynamics, and examine its relationship with paper interdisciplinarity. Using large scale publication datasets spanning over 37 years, our results suggest that interdisciplinary papers show significant delayed impact both microscopically per paper and macroscopically collectively, as it takes longer time for interdisciplinary papers to reach their citation peak. Such relationships are nearly universal across various scientific disciplines. Furthermore, we study the underlying forces of such delayed impact, finding that the effect goes beyond the Matthew effect (i.e., the rich-get-richer effect). Finally, we find that team size and content conventionality cannot fully explain this effect. Overall, our results suggest that governments, research administrators, and funding agencies should be aware of this general feature of interdisciplinary science, which may have broad policy implications.
Inhibition of corrosion of an aluminum alloy by Rosemary and Eucalyptus extracted oils in 1M hydrochloric acid medium: Experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Laihemdi Fathia , Barhoumi Ali , Zarri Meryem , Tahiri Mohamed , CHAFI Mohammed
Published: March 2023

Corrosion is a common phenomenon in metals and alloys. It implies a degradation of material by chemical or electrochemical reactions with the environment. it undergoes a gradual loss of material at the points of contact with the surrounding environment. Among the various types of methods employed, one can use to prevent or retard the corrosion of metals and alloys, one applies a layer of paint, plastic or other protective material on the surface or one covers with a layer zinc. We can also apply an electric current to the surface of the metal to reduce the potential difference between the metal and the environment or even by formulating anti-rust solutions or choosing certain chemicals as anti-corrosion to slow down the corrosion process. The use of inhibitors is one of the best techniques that ensure the protection of metallic materials. This research aims to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of the rosemary (REO) and Eucalyptus Essential Oils (EEO) on aluminum in 1 M hydrochloric acid. The inhibition efficiency of the EOs will be examined using electrochemical methods such as potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results of this research will provide valuable information on the potential use of REO and EEO as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for metals in aqueous media. The inhibitory efficiency increases with the concentration of inhibitors and reaches a maximum value of 62% for Eucalyptus and 92% for Rosemary. These results testify to the mixed nature of the two inhibitors Rosemary and Eucalyptus with an anodic predominance. The transient electrochemical method attests to higher charge transfer resistances accompanied by lower and lower double-layer capacitance values when the concentration of rosemary and Eucalyptus increases. These results justify the adsorption of these inhibitors on the metal surface. The results from the three techniques used present a reasonable agreement between them. After testing three adsorption isotherms, it was found that the adsorption mechanism follows the Langmuir isotherm. The calculation of the atomic charges by the DFT/B3LYP method is carried out to assess the protective character of an inhibitor molecule adsorbed namely p-Cymene and Eucalyptol main constituents of the rosemary and eucalyptus essential oil. Monte Carlo Simulations (MC) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) are undertaken at 25°C, to obtain the interaction energy between the two inhibitors and the Al (111) interface.
Health related quality of life of people with oculocutaneous albinism in Jinja, Uganda. A cross sectional study
Authors: Gaylord Inena wa inena , Sebastien Etongo Mozebo , Rachel Alinatwe , Ogik Peter , Kawuma Fazira , Manson Ngobi Henry , Roger Ilunga Muland , Augustine Kensale , Florent Ishimwe , Faruk Kizza , Amwiinhe Hassan , Muhumuza Joshua , Rehmus Wingfield , Ben Forry , Joseph Kirabira
Published: March 2023

Background
The mixed understanding of albinism over the years and across civilizations globally has generated behaviours, attitudes and practices that have influenced the lives of people living with oculocutaneous albinism (PWA). If in some regions, they have been venerated, in the majority of regions, especially in Africa, the attitudes, behaviours and practices have negatively influenced the lives of people living with oculocutaneous albinism. Despite the fact that several attitudes, beliefs and behaviours capable to influence the quality of life of people with oculocutaneous albinism in the Busoga sub-region have been described, no information is available regarding the health related quality of life in the study area. The main objective of the present study was to determine the health related quality of life of people with oculocutaneous albinism in Jinja, Uganda.
Methods
A hospital based cross-sectional design was used to capture data from a study sample size of 384 adults living with oculocutaneous albinism in Jinja who were involved in completion of the Dermatology life quality index (DLQI) adult version. The results were determined by adding the scores of each question of DLQI together, yielding a maximum of 30 and a minimum of 0. The greater the score, the more worsening of one's quality of life was
Results
The analyses revealed that oculocutaneous albinism was found to have a very large effect on patient's life accounting for 48.7% of the participants. Only 5.7% of the participants reported that oculocutaneous albinism had no effect on their quality of life. The mean DLQI score was 14.55.
Conclusions
These findings show that oculocutaneous albinism affects negatively the quality of life of people with albinism in Jinja. Strategies targeting to solve different problems related to albinism must be taken to improve the quality of life of this vulnerable population in the study area.
Incidence of suboptimal femoral component sizing in Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty and comparisons for patient-reported outcomes with the optimal group: A retrospective cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Wen-Shuo , Chen Kuan-Ting , Ho Chung-Han , Wu Tsung-Mu , Huang Chien-Cheng , Chien Chi-Sheng
Published: March 2023

Background: The Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (OUKA) is a reliable surgical procedure for anteromedial osteoarthritis of the knee. However, in Taiwan, the incidence and patient-reported outcomes in suboptimal femoral component sizing remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to clarify these issues.
Methods: We identified all patients receiving OUKA in a Taiwan medical center between May 1, 2018, and August 31, 2021, for this study. Age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, preoperative and postoperative Knee Society Score (KSS) functional activity score, and postoperative range of motion (ROM) and numeric rating scale (NRS) were included. Optimal and suboptimal groups were classified based on the posterior fit of the femoral component on postoperative lateral radiography. Outcome comparisons were performed between the two groups after following up.
Results: Ninety-two patients (111 knees) were included in the study, including 79 (71.2%) knees in the optimal group and 32 (28.8%) knees in the suboptimal group. The median age was 68 years and 67 years, and the percentage of the male sex was 17.7% and 37.5% in the optimal and suboptimal groups, respectively. Compared with the suboptimal group, there was a greater improvement in KSS functional activity score in the optimal group; however, the difference was not significant (40 vs. 34, p = 0.154). Nonsignificant differences were also found between the two groups in the postoperative KSS functional activity score and the postoperative NRS and ROM.
Conclusions: This study delineated the incidence and patient-reported outcomes in suboptimal femoral component sizing after OUKA in Taiwan, which provides an important reference for clinicians. Further studies, including more patients, are needed for validation.
SCAMPI – database-free neural network reconstruction for undersampled Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Siedler Thomas , Jakob Peter , Herold Volker
Published: March 2023

Reducing acquisition time in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is mainly based on vast undersampling of the data measured in spatial frequency domain. The resulting artifacts are reduced by various reconstruction algorithms. Here, we present SCAMPI Sparsity Constrained Application of deep Magnetic resonance Priors for Image reconstruction), a deep Neural Network, that utilizes the Deep Image Prior approach together with sparsity constraints to reconstruct undersampled MRI data without any previous training on external datasets. Two-dimensional MRI data from the public FastMRI dataset with Cartesian undersampling in phase-encoding direction were reconstructed for different acceleration rates for single coil and multicoil data. Performance of the proposed architecture was compared to Parallel Imaging with Compressed Sensing. SCAMPI outperforms these state-of-the-art algorithms by better reducing undersampling artifacts and yielding lower error metrics in multicoil imaging. It is a novel tool for reconstructing undersampled single coil k-space data. Furthermore, SCAMPI works on multicoil data without explicit knowledge of coil sensitivity profiles. The presented approach avoids overfitting to dataset features, that can occur in Neural Networks trained on databases.
24 hour mortality and its predictors among road traffic accident victims in a resource limited setting; a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Kamabu Kinyamaniyi , Soria Jorge La O , Tumwesigye Deus , Okedi Xaviour Francis , Kyomukama Lauben , Muhumuza Joshua , Musinguzi Brian , Kavuma Daniel , Mutume Bives Nzanzu Vivalya , Loduk Michael , Abdullah Wani Shabani
Published: March 2023

Introduction
The incidence of road traffic accidents (RTAs) is on the rise contributing to the global burden of mortality as a major global health threat. It has been estimated that 93% of RTAs and more than 90% of the resulting deaths occur in low and middle income countries. Though death due to RTAs has been occurring at an alarming rate, there is paucity of data relating to incidence and predictors of early mortality. This study was aimed at determining the 24 hour mortality and its predictors among RTA patients attending selected hospitals in western Uganda.
Methods
This was a prospective cohort that consecutively enrolled 211 RTA victims admitted and managed in emergency units of 6 hospitals in western Uganda. All patients who presented with a history of trauma were managed according to the advanced trauma life support protocol (ATLS). The outcome regarding death was documented at 24 hours from injury. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 for windows.
Results
Majority of the participants were male (85.8%) aged 15–45 years (76.3%). The most common road user category was motorcyclists (48.8%). The 24 hour mortality was 14.69%. At multivariate analysis, it was observed that a motorcyclist was 5.917 times more likely to die compared to a pedestrian (P = 0.016). It was also observed that a patient with severe injury was 15.625 times more likely to die compared to one with a moderate injury (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
The incidence of 24 hour mortality among road traffic accident victims was high. Being motorcycle rider and severity of injury according to Kampala trauma score II predicted mortality. Motorcyclists should be reminded to be more careful while using the road. Trauma patients should be assessed for severity, and the findings used to guide management.
Prioritization and the Direction of Effect and Impressionability of Information Literacy Components by DEMATEL Technique
Authors: keykha batul
Published: March 2023

Purpose The importance and priority of information literacy skills and their mutual effects have been neglected in the development and design of information literacy curricula. The present study aimed to prioritize and examine the direction of effect and impressionability of information literacy skills components for Iranian university students to improve their skills and promote skills instruction within academia. Methodology This was applied quantitative research using multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDMs) and DEMATEL pairwise comparisons. The statistical population comprised 16 information literacy scholars as DEMATEL experts who were purposively selected after variance estimation. The data were collected via a questionnaire (DEMATEL matrix), and the results were analyzed in MATLAB using the fishbone model. The effects and impressionability of information literacy skills components were analyzed and weighted using the DEMATEL matrix. Results To enhance students' information literacy skills, the components were prioritized as follows:information access, information combination, understanding and identifying informational needs, information evaluation, information use, andinformation dissemination skills.The prioritized components of the model had larger relative weights and were thus more significant in terms of the need for instruction and enhancement. Conclusion Considering the mutual effects of components, their significance, and priority, they greatly contribute to decision-making and the adoption of appropriate measures to develop information literacy skills curricula and guide information literacy policy-makers, professors, and researchers. The use of MCDM and pairwise comparison techniques as innovative approaches in information literacy research is also fruitful and practical for developing information literacy skills curricula in universities and other contexts.