bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preservation of durian timber and coconut timber with soursop leaf extract
Authors: Handayani Sri , Kanti Pangestuti Endah , Dharma Ninda Adhitya
Published: January 2019

Durian timber and Coconut timber grow a lot in the area of Gunung Pati Semarang, Central Java. The threat of biodeteoration in Indonesia as tropical area is quite high. Therefore, it is necessary to take protection measures in the form of preservation for prevention. The preservatives used in this study are natural preservative of soursop leaf extract. The preservation method used was cold soaking method with variation of concentration of preservative as follows: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. This study aims to figure out how significant the weight loss of timber and how durian wood and coconut wood’s resistance to termites based on the weight loss of timber. Result of examination of termite attack on Coconut timber with preservation of soursop leaf extract 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% obtained by weight loss of wood 17.57%, 13.43%, 10.61%, 7.67%, 5.50% and 4.20%. Meanwhile, the result of examination of termite attack on Durian timber with the concentration of soursop leaf extract 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% showed these following timber weight losses: 18.24%, 14.61%, 13.04%, 11.33%, 8.98% and 7.84%. Based on the wood resistance table, Durian timber with soursop leaf concentration of 20% and 25% were classified in the medium classification. Coconut timber with 15% and 20% soursop leaf concentrations were classified in the medium classification, while at 25% concentrations in resistant classification.
Optimizing the prediction accuracy of load-settlement behavior of single pile using a self-learning data mining approach
Authors: Prayogo Doddy , Susanto Yudas Tadeus Teddy
Published: January 2019

Pile foundations usually are used when the upper soil layers are soft clay and, hence, unable to support the structures’ loads. Piles are needed to carry these loads deep into the hard soil layer. Therefore, the safety and stability of pile-supported structures depends on the behavior of the piles. Additionally, an accurate prediction of the piles’ behavior is very important to ensure satisfactory performance of the structures. Although many methods in the literature estimate the settlement of the piles both theoretically and experimentally, methods for comprehensively predicting the load-settlement of piles are very limited. This study develops a new data mining approach called self-learning support vector machine (SL-SVM) to predict the load-settlement behavior of single piles. SL-SVM performance is investigated using 446 training data points and 53 test data points of cone penetration test (CPT) data obtained from the previous literature. The actual prediction accuracy is then compared to other prediction methods using three statistical measurements, including mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of correlation (R), and root mean square error (RMSE). The obtained results show that SL-SVM achieves better accuracy than does LS-SVM and BPNN. This confirms the capability of the proposed data mining method to model the accurate load-settlement behavior of single piles through CPT data. The paper proposes beneficial insights for geotechnical engineers involved in estimating pile behavior.
Reinforced Concrete (RC) beam design application for android based on SNI 2847:2013 (CEMA)
Authors: Eden Sarah , Aminullah Akhmad , Triwiyono Andreas
Published: January 2019

In Indonesia RC structures are widely used for high rise, low rise, shop offices, as well as residential buildings. In February 2018, the first author introduced an RC beam design application for Android [12] for two options. Option one is for calculating nominal moment (Mn) and nominal shear force (Vn) of the section when the beam dimensions (b, h) and reinforcements are known; option two is to calculate the number of reinforcements for Mn and Vn when the dimensions (b, h) are known. In this paper, the first author added option three, namely the optimization for the design of RC beams when the internal forces are known and the application calculates the most optimal dimensions (b, h) and reinforcements. The application developed is named Civil Engineering Mobile Application for Concrete Beams (CEMA) and is called C2. In CEMA the user can follow the step by step calculation and the results of the calculation are stored in a database. For option three of CEMA (optimization of RC beam sections), the application was validated by another method called Teaching-Learning-based Optimization (TLBO) method [10]. It is believed that CEMA which is based on SNI 2847:2013 can be useful for Indonesian structural engineers designing and supervising actual construction RC buildings.
The sustainability of human resource planning for construction projects
Authors: Ashiru Adegbenga Raphael , Ashiru Adebimpe Lucia
Published: January 2019

Human Resource planning for construction project is described as a way of managing human resources within a growing nature of construction industry. Nonetheless, management of human resource is an extremely stimulating task. However, in spite of the substantial resources allocated to construction planning, there are rising concerns over its failure to achieve its goals and different application of planning strategies. It is against this backdrop that this research was carried out to examine the sustainability of Human resource planning for construction projects to justify the aforesaid statement. Furthermore, the researchers adopted a quantitative approach that provided a broader understanding of the research. SPSS Version 20 was used to obtain the descriptive and inference statistical analysis. Interestingly, majority of the literature findings were justified by the empirical findings noting that there is correlation between the two findings except where the respondent chose combination of the causes of neglect of HR planning on construction projects stressing that one cause cannot significantly neglect the process on construction projects. Conclusively, the research results indicated that through improving the practicality of Project HR planning by construction organisations, it would contribute significantly towards improving performance both at organisational and project level. The findings recommended guidelines for improving the visibility and adaptability of sustainable HR planning for construction projects and further provided justification for implementing its policies and procedures.
Analysis and experimental usage of CFRP wrap type on flexural strength of concrete beam
Authors: Tarigan Johannes , Pakpahan Andrew , Surbakti Medis , Nursyamsi Nursyamsi
Published: January 2019

Today, reinforced concrete structures are commonly used in buildings because the price cheaper than steel structures. However, many concrete structures are damaged. There are several ways to overcome this problem, and one of them is by strengthening the structure using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP). This study discussed the flexural strength of reinforced concrete beams using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP). In this case, the researchers used Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Wrap Type as the external reinforcement. The beam’s dimension was 15 x 25 cm with a length of 320 cm. Based on the analysis results, the beam using CFRP Wrap type can increase the load 3.12 % times. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the beam with the CFRP type Wrap increases the load by 2.5 times. In conclusion, beams strengthened with CFRP Wrap type can inhibit initial cracks and hold the tensile and flexural strength greater than un-strengthened beams.
Establishing factors of building vulnerability towards tsunami hazard
Authors: Honesti Leli , Abd Majid Muhd Zaimi , Djali Nazwar , Muchlian Meli
Published: January 2019

The objective of this article is to establish the attributes (factors) of building vulnerability towards tsunami hazard, particularly for areas in Padang, Indonesia, as well as those areas with the same characteristics. Within this framework, this study informs the progress towards a more systematic approach to factor development for a Relative Vulnerability Index (RVI) score for assessing the building vulnerability towards tsunami hazard. The RVI score is used to predict tsunami risk zones on building vulnerability. The analysis was conducted to develop the factors that influence the building vulnerability. Developing factors of the building vulnerability to tsunami hazard is a key aspect for assessing the RVI, as their result may misguide local decision-makers to act adequately concerning the local risk if they are based on an inappropriate set of factors. These factors were classified under three distinct groups: 1) internal factors; 2) external factors and 3) water inundation factor. The selection of factors are based on the building and the location characteristics. Therefore, the factors that may influence the risk were listed. Based on the kinds of literature and opinion of practitioners/experts, several imperative factors that affect the risk were identified and studied. The factors were tabulated and were sorted from highest to lowest numbers. Based on the tabulation of these factors, the summary of analysis results for internal factors are: construction material; the number of stories; foundation type; date of the building; preservation condition; ground floor hydrodynamic; shape and orientation of the building. Furthermore, based on the tabulation results for external data factors and tsunami inundation factor, the external factors are: movable object; building row; height of concrete fence; natural barrier; distance from the coastline; distance from the river; obstacle islands and gap between building attributes and water inundation factor is tsunami inundation depth.
Prediction analysis of the degradation and the service life building components in artificial method neural network and ISO factor 15686-2
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Aminullah Akhmad , Muslikh H.
Published: January 2019

The research study reported in this paper aims to combine the Artificial Neural Networks with ISO 15686 Buildings and constructed assets - Service life planning, a framework-based approach to offering a more reliable deterioration forecasting more reliable for building. This paper discusses the existing data and develop a close relationship definition between factors affecting the condition of the service life of the building, the value of building condition and determine the level of degradation of the building component, also predicted the age of the building components in accordance with a specific time variables. Data examination conducted in this research is building condition data of student dormitory at the Universitas Gadjah Mada, the data will be used to calibrate the model of damage to consider a number of factors that influence. To help demonstrate the concept, factors affecting the decline is considered in the analysis of the design level, the level of implementation of the work, the indoor environment, the external environment, the level of care and conditions of use. Predictive analysis with artificial methods of neural network (ANN) with ISO factor input variables and factors age of the building components and the severity level of degradation of the building components (Sw) as output, this will generate a calculation formula that shows the effect of each variable input to output. Predictive analysis carried out with the reverse approach in which after calculation formula obtained by ANN method, then the next step is to find the value of the variable age of the building components according to the value of degradation that has been determined.
Analytical Seismic Fragility Curves for Reinforced Concrete Wall pier using Shape Memory Alloys considering maximum drift
Authors: Ahmad Nursafarina , Ibrahim Azmi , Alam Shahria
Published: January 2019

Fragility curves express the seismic vulnerability of bridge piers for different damage states at various earthquake intensities. A fragility curve typically gives a physical understanding of repair costs and functionally levels of a bridge pier. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) provide a promising alternative material in reducing the failure probability of a bridge pier. This study develops a family of seismic fragility curves for reinforced concrete (RC) wall piers reinforced with three different types of SMA rebar in plastic hinge regions. An incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) using a total of 20 earthquake ground motions was performed on a SMA-RC wall pier to evaluate its seismic performance. The maximum drift recorded for each ground motion was taken as the seismic performance demand parameter of interest in this study. The probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDM) was used to generate fragility curves for each RC-SMA wall pier. The results show that the different mechanical properties and type of SMAs affect the performance of RC-SMA wall pier.
Inelastic behavior of reinforced concrete cantilever beam with embedded steel truss in flexural plastic hinge under cyclic loading
Authors: Amir Fatmawati , Satyarno Iman , Sulistyo Djoko
Published: January 2019

Structures are expected to have ductile behavior under major earthquakes. One requirement to achieve this ductile behavior is when the structures have no shear failures in their elements. This paper discusses a new method by using the embedded steel truss in the flexural plastic hinges of beam to avoid shear failure. As already known that the shear strength provided by the concrete will be decreased when the ductility of flexural plastic hinges develop in a member. Therefore, a conservative procedure by ignoring the role of concrete in flexural plastic hinges in resisting the shear demand is adopted by some codes. This will increase the demand for shear reinforcement provided by the stirrup or transverse reinforcement in the plastic hinge; yet it still does not ensure that the shear failure does not come to happen. From the laboratory test results under cyclic loading in this study, it can be noted that the beam with embedded steel truss in the plastic hinge has better hysteretic behavior than the one without the embedded steel truss. The evaluation of test result is also shown the strength of the beam with the embedded steel truss in the plastic hinge is not reduced with an increase in the amplitude of the drift of 1.4 to 3.5. Besides, the strength of the beam without embedded steel truss in the plastic hinge is reduced with an increase in the amplitude of the drift after reaching 2.5.
An Investigation on Mechanical Properties and Damping Behaviour of Hardened Mortar with Rubber Tire Crumbs (RTC)
Authors: Faizah Restu , Priyosulistyo Henricus , Aminullah Akhmad
Published: January 2019

Masonry wall has been used for ages as a part of non-engineered building structures, due to its ease of manufacture, strength, and stiffness to support gravity loads, but brittle enough to resist earthquake shake. One solution to increase its ductility when the earthquake shake stroked, ductile materials at bed joints that binding the masonries may apply. Mortar is a composite material consisting of sands, cement, and water that is generally used for masonry construction as a binder at bed joints. On the other hand, rubber has been used to isolate vibration of machinery because of its good damping behaviours. Those materials will be mixed and be elaborated to provide a ductile mortar binder at bed joints. This research aims to investigate the mechanical properties and the damping behaviour of hardened mortar with rubber tire crumbs at proportions of 0%, 40%, and 60%. Three types of specimens in forms of mortar cubes of 50x50x50 mm3, tensile specimens and mortar beams of 100x100x500 mm3 were tested to provide strength and damping behaviour. The addition of rubber tire crumbs in the mortar decreased the compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and unit weight. Despite its weakness in the mechanical strengths, the addition of rubber tire crumbs could increase the damping behaviour significantly. This research recommended that mortar containing RTC is still appropriate use for non-structural component although it has low mechanical properties.
Buckling behaviour of laminated glass panel in compression
Authors: Kamarudin Mohd Khairul , Mohd Rais Nurul Hariyanti , Yusoff Mustafasanie M. , Parke Gerard A.R.
Published: January 2019

There is a significant increase in the application of laminated glass panel in the modern and innovative construction industry. Glass element is frequently used as a structural component because of its aesthetic and allows abundance of daylight shining in through in which leads to energy saving. The glazing consists of two thin glass plates bonded together by a thin core material called polyvinyl-butyral (PVB). A laminated glass panel is typically brittle and slender, thus frequently subjected to buckling. This paper focuses on the load-carrying behaviour of laminated glass panel supported merely along four edges subjected to compressive force. A 1 m x 1 m laminated glass panel with glass plies of 8 mm thick and the interlayer thickness of 1.52 mm is modeled and analyzed through nonlinear static analysis by using ABAQUS finite element (FE) analysis software. The behaviour of the laminated glass panel under buckling and post-buckling analysis was presented. Analytical approach by Zenkert’s formulation based on the theory of sandwich is utilized to validate the technique used to build the FE model of the glass panel. Essentially, the critical buckling load and the load-displacement relationship are in a good agreement with the analytical formulation and the empirical study respectively. In addition, the significant effect of the interlayer and the slenderness aspect of the panel are also studied. This involves parametric analysis of the configuration of the different interlayer stiffness and the aspect ratio length to width (a/b) of the glass panel. It was found that the rate of decrement of buckling load is indirectly proportionate to the rate of increment of (a/b) ratio. This study also shows that the buckling load of a laminated glass panel depended very much on the slenderness aspect of the structure.
Displacement-based design of Reinforced Concrete Special Moment Frame (RC-SMF) with Vertical Irregularity
Authors: Akhter A F M Salman , Arfiadi Yoyong
Published: January 2019

Reinforced concrete Special Moment Frame (RC-SMF) with irregularity in dimension experiences large inelastic deformation under ground motion. The building code for designing structural elements generally is focused on satisfying the strength and serviceability. On the other hand, the displacement-based design (DBD) procedure is based on building performance level. This paper presents a devoted study of designing structural elements of 8 story RC-SMF with vertical irregularity using the DBD method. This method is mainly using energy-work balance concept with pre-selected yield mechanism and target drift. Moreover, a new lateral force distribution method is used in this study which accounts for inelastic dynamic response and higher mode effects. Strong column-weak beam mechanism is used to design beam and column, and beam moment capacity of each floor is calculated by equating external work to internal work approach. Furthermore, column design strength is taken as the combination of factored gravity loads and maximum expected strength of the beam. The time history analysis results show that story drift is below than the target drift and achieve the desired performance level. Moreover, the results also show lateral force distribution is very close to the lateral shear distribution which obtained from time history analysis.
Durability of pulverised fuel ash (PFA) concrete exposed to acidic and alkali conditions
Authors: Duraman Saiful Baharin , Haji Omar Md. Fadhil Hakim
Published: January 2019

Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA) is becoming an important component in concrete due to potentially improved properties such as workability, later age strength and durability. Concrete structures may be susceptible to acid attack due to exposure to acid rain, acidic soil or polluted water. Concrete structures exposed to high alkaline environments, in addition to the alkalinity level of the cement and aggregates, may promote alkali-silica reaction (ASR) leading to swelling and reduction in durability. This study looks into the durability properties of PFA incorporated concrete at various replacement levels when exposed to highly acidic and alkali conditions. Compressive strengths and water absorption tests were compared between concrete cured under normal conditions with concrete exposed to highly acidic and highly alkali conditions. All specimens exposed to acidic conditions showed significant decreases in mass and compressive strengths compared to specimens cured normally. Higher PFA replacement resulted in improved resistance to acid attack. All specimens exposed to alkali conditions showed minor increases in mass suggesting ASR occurring. Reductions in compressive strengths were found at lower replacement levels. At higher replacement levels, increases in compressive strengths were found, suggesting the possibility of increased pozzolanic reaction of the PFA due to the high alkalinity.
Numerical study of inelastic buckling behavior of rectangular steel plates with circular openings under shear forces
Authors: Akbar Rajawali M , Suryoatmono Bambang
Published: January 2019

Cellular steel beam is flanged steel beam with circular openings of uniform diameter and distance between each opening. The main benefit of such beam is to reduce the structural weight without reducing the strength significantly. A rectangular steel plate with circular opening is frequently used as a model of a web panel of such beam with vertical web stiffeners. The dimension of the plate is the dimension of the web bounded by top and bottom flanges and two adjacent vertical stiffeners. In this research, finite element method is utilized to perform inelastic buckling analyses of rectangular steel plates with circular openings under shear forces along all four edges assuming steel as elastic-perfectly-plastic material with yield stress of 250 MPa. Both nonlinear geometry and nonlinear material are considered in the analyses. The objective of this research is to study buckling behavior of the plate in terms of buckling mode, critical load, and Von Mises (effective) stress distribution. The buckling shear loads of the plates of various length-to-width ratios of the plate (1.0, 1.25, and 1.50) and various opening-diameter-to-plate-width ratios (0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50) have been obtained from the analyses. The deformation and Von Mises stress distribution at every load level have been obtained as well from the finite element analyses. Equation to predict inelastic buckling shear force of a rectangular steel plates with circular opening under shear forces is proposed in this study. Verification of the method has been performed by comparing shear buckling loads resulted from finite element analyses with the analytical results in the elastic range.
Performance of an existing reinforced concrete building designed in accordance to older indonesian codes (pptgiug 1983 and sksni t-15-1991-03): case study for a hotel in balikpapan
Authors: Pudjisuryadi Pamuda , Davin Mulyadi Elian , Ferry  , Lumantarna Benjamin
Published: January 2019

As a high seismic hazard country, Indonesia periodically updates its seismic and structural concrete codes. The current seismic and structural concrete codes of Indonesia are the SNI 1726-2012 and the SNI 2847-2013, respectively. Since every update usually demands higher requirement, existing buildings that were designed using older codes should be evaluated. This study investigates 9-storey hotel building in Balikpapan, Indonesia, which was designed using the PPTGIUG 1983 code and will be evaluated according to the current code. Non-linear direct integration time history analysis was conducted to analyse the building performance. The seismic load used was a spectrum consistent ground acceleration generated from El Centro 18 May 1940 North-South component in accordance to the current code. The result show that the existing building has good performance. The drift ratio of the building does not exceed 0.5% which is very satisfactory according to performance level set by FEMA 356. Maximum individual damage index in beam element was recorded as high as 0.0426 which is well below the serviceability limit state according to ACMC.
A Study on the Effect of Adjacent Segments of a Steel l-Beam with Lateral Supports on Its Critical Moment
Authors: Pratiwi Naomi , Karta Wijaya Paulus
Published: January 2019

One of the most common failure modes in a steel beam structure is lateral torsional buckling (LTB). The unbraced length of the beam is a crucial factor for LTB analysis. The current formula to calculate the critical moment with respect to LTB analysis has not considered the effect of adjacent segments of steel beams with lateral supports. The adjacent segments of beams actually provide restraints to the torsional rotation while maintaining the possibility of warping to occur. This research was intended to observe the effect of the adjacent segments on its critical moment by using the linear buckling analysis and collapse analysis of a finite-element model. The results from the FEM analysis were compared to the value of the critical moment obtained from the available formula in the standard. The linearised buckling analysis results show an increase in the critical moment by 7.02% to 154.83%, while the collapse analysis results show an increase of 2% to 40.41%. As the adjacent segments becomes longer, the increase is less due to the yielding of adjacent beam segments, contributing less stiflhess to the beam spanning in between lateral supports.
Effects of Surface Roughness on the Behavior of Interface between Old and New Deck Slabs Under Concentrated Load
Authors: Fakhruddin  , Niwa Junichiro , Djamaluddin Rudy , Irmawaty Rita
Published: January 2019

Experimental and analytical studies on the behavior of interface between old and new deck slabs were investigated in this study. The test was performed to represent a bridge widening method that has been developed in Japan. Therefore, each specimen consist of the old and new deck slabs. The connection between those deck slabs was varied into a rough and smooth surface. Before testing, the slabs were prestressed using unbonded PC rods which amount of 1.0 MPa. The result of this study indicated that the difference in the level of roughness does not provide a significant effect on the ultimate capacity. Remarkable effects were only observed on crack pattern, deflection, and joint opening behavior. To validate the experiments, the ultimate capacity of experiment was compared with the predicted shear capacity obtained from JSCE Specification and fib Model Code. In the guidelines, the area of the interface is assumed as the total area of the interface. However, such assumption cannot be used in this study. Therefore, the effective area of the interface obtained from FEM analysis was proposed in this study. Eventually, by using the proposed effective area of the interface, the calculated results showed that all guidelines provide a good lower limit to predict the ultimate capacity of the deck slabs.
Analysis on current situation of China’s intelligent connected vehicle road test regulations
Authors: Zou Bowei , Li Wenqiang , Wang Danni
Published: January 2019

This paper first elaborated the technological development status of the intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) and sorted out the “intelligent connected vehicle road test management regulations” jointly formulated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Transport, and related regulations for major cities in China. The domestic is compare with foreign ICVs road test status and policy. The differences between the national regulation and municipal regulations for the test subjects, test drivers and test vehicles are analysed and enumerated. By comparing the domestic and international road test regulations, it is concluded that the safety is the prerequisite of vehicle road test. It is compulsory to conduct the closed field testing before conducting public road tests.
ATM change management: An evolutionary and agent-based approach
Authors: Gigante Gabriella , Pascarella Domenico , Cidoncha Marta Sánchez , Piera Miquel Angel , Duca Gabriella , Lettieri Nicola , Braga Luiz Manuel , Gamarra Jose Luis Muñoz
Published: January 2019

Air Traffic Management (ATM) is a complex socio-technical system, whose behaviour depends on a combination of various subsystems of different nature: societal, technical, and human. Due to such aspects, it is difficult to understand which could be the part to be changed in order to improve performances, or which is the impact of a change on the overall performances. Such tasks are though issues, and cannot be easily performed. In this work, a new approach for the ATM change management process is proposed. It aims to introduce an innovative multidisciplinary process by combining the following different paradigms: the agent-based paradigm for the modelling of a change solution and the assessment of the achieved performances; the evolutionary computing paradigm for the tuning of the change: the sensitivity analysis to understand which part of the ATM system should be changed in order to match the targeted performance levels.
Empirical Study on Maximum Traffic Throughputs at Intersections
Authors: Cheevarunothai Patikhom , Kaewpikul Ruangsak
Published: January 2019

Traffic congestion in big cities of Thailand has been a major problem seriously deterring economy growth. An average travel speed has become lower than 15 km/hour during peak-hour periods. One of the current major questions is how to find the most optimum green time that minimizes vehicle delay at an intersection. Since the identification of this optimum green time significantly depends on the knowledge of how fast vehicles can pass through an intersection, the information of the maximum traffic throughputs at intersections at different locations is indispensable. In this study, therefore, traffic counts were extracted manually from the videos recorded at 4 major intersections in Saensuk city. After the data were analyzed, the maximum traffic throughputs for different lane numbers and configurations were calculated and summarized. A better understanding of this maximum traffic throughput at intersections will lead to more accurate estimation of optimal green time.
An enhanced routing algorithm using ant colony optimization and VANET infrastructure
Authors: Melaouene Noussaiba , Romadi Rahal
Published: January 2019

For the last fifty years, finding efficient vehicle routes has been studied as a representative logistics problem. In the transportation field, finding the shortest path in a road network is a common problem. VANET presents an innovation opportunity in the transportation field that enables services for intelligent transportation system (ITS) especially communication features. Because of VANET features [1] and despite road obstacles, a route for the shortest path can be established at a given moment. This paper proposes an enhanced algorithm, based on ACO Ant Colony Optimization and related to VANET infrastructure that aims to find the shortest path from the source to destination through the optimal path; in addition, a storage on static nodes is installed in each intersection in a VANET environment and for a specific time.
Utilizing Bicycle Compatibility Index and Bicycle Level of Service for Cycleway networks
Authors: Liu Qiang , Homma Riken , Iki Kazuhisa
Published: January 2019

Bicycle is widely used in Japan by people of all age groups in daily usage, which may significantly ease traffic congestion. Responding to the cyclists increasing, the method to assess the quality of bicycle travel become necessary. Previous studies reported several approaches to obtain evaluation methods. However, cycleway evaluation in Japan is still far behind the evaluation methods developed in Europe or America. This paper concentrated on familiarizing readers with two methods for evaluating the quality of bicycle facilities and then presenting some proposals of cycleway evaluation in Japan referencing to these two methods. The first method, Bicycle Compatibility Index (BCI), is used to evaluate the road environment for cycling according to the road characteristics by statistical analysis. The second method, Bicycle Level of Service (BLOS), also represents an evaluation of safety for bicyclists. Both of the above methods offered equations of comfort and safety perceptions of bicyclists according to cycling environments. By introducing these methods in combination, this paper enables the readers to maximize the comparative advantages of both BCI and BLOS. The comparison includes sensitivity of variables and the development of both methods. Then we applied BCI and BLOS to evaluate the target roadways in Kumamoto, Japan.
Ergonomic Evaluation and Redesign Manual Brick Work Station in The Village of Sail
Authors: Siska Merry , Saputra Eki , Candra Reski Mai
Published: January 2019

Working posture or work attitude is the working position is naturally formed by the body of workers due to the facilities used to interact with or work habits. Unsuitable working attitude can cause physical complaints such as pain in the muscles (Musculoskeletal Complain). Brick-making factories were encountered in the Village of Sail. This research is a field where once obtained the data needed and then do the processing of the data from the mapping process operations, risk evaluation work experienced by workers by using OCRA Checklist, calculate the value OCRA index, focus group discussions problems faced by workers, design repair work method proposed, calculates the data anthropometry workers, prototyping proposed workstation moulding bricks and evaluate the results of the optimization workstation moulding bricks. After all, factors rated the results of activities scored bricks have totalled a score of 23.19 for the body of the left and amounted to 25.13 to the right part of the body. This value is high because the number of ATA and RTA are very much different. If the number of recommended actions (RTA) is smaller than the number of actual action (ATA) then there is a risk assessment of musculoskeletal disorders.
Systemic Vulnerability of Swiss Power Grid to Natural Events
Authors: abedi Amin , Romerio Franco
Published: January 2019

It is important to increase the security and robustness of power grids under a variety of events. In this case, “vulnerability analysis” is usually used to identify the most vulnerable elements of a power grid under different hazards. There are different kinds of methodology to identify vulnerability such as complex network, logical, functional methods and Monte Carlo simulation. In this work, the complex network, Swiss power grid, and seismic hazard are used as an approach, a test system, and a scenario, respectively. First, Swiss power grid is modeled using Gephi software and five different metrics of the complex network method are applied to the model. Then, TOPSIS as a multi-criteria decision method is used to combine the results of the previous step. Finally, to find out the most exposed nodes in the case of an earthquake, Swiss seismic hazard data is used and combined with TOPSIS outputs. The results show well the critical locations of power grid due to the seismic hazard.
Study on the Development Direction of Power Grid Dispatching Technical Support System
Authors: Wu Renbo , Luo Hong , Qi Rui , Gao Ming , Liang Chao
Published: January 2019

In order to ensure the safe, stable operation of Guangzhou power grid to meet the large city power grid requirements, reached the international advanced level, to realize the transformation of Guangzhou electric power dispatching control center strategy and control mode, it requires the construction of a new generation of intelligent dispatching technical support system. This paper analyzes the current situation and development of Guangzhou power grid. Based on the rapid development of smart grid technology and information technology, this paper puts forward the development direction of power grid dispatching technology support system. It also puts forward the construction work of reasonable planning, makes clear about construction content and technical support system to meet the overall business needs “integration of regulation and control, the integration of main distribution network, market-oriented support”. And we make theoretical exploration and practice and accumulated experience for the new generation of power dispatching intelligent technical support system development.
Research on Power Supply Scheme of Electrical Submersible Pump Fed by Inverter Based on Long Cable
Authors: Deng Yonghong , Liang Zhishan
Published: January 2019

Electrical submersible pump (ESP) require remote operation of inverter via a long cable. The conventional control algorithm of inverter does not operate effectively. In this paper, a new power supply scheme is proposed, namely: Inverter - Motor - Generator - Transformer – Long Cable - ESP power supply program, referred to as IMGEESP power supply system. Based on the analysis of the IMGEESP, the model of the long cable was established, the functional relationship between inverter and smart power of the IMGEESP was deduced, so that the voltage model is constructed. The frequency converter and the intelligent power supply of IMGEESP are coordinated and controlled according to the speed command of the ESP and the cable length. Simulation results verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed IMGEESP.
Low-vacuum Thermal Insulation Panels based on Silicon Dioxide Powders
Authors: Nazirov Rashit , Inzhutov Ivan , Zhzhonykh Alexey , Novikov Nikita
Published: January 2019

The composition and technology of obtaining low-vacuum thermal insulation panels with a powder filler of silicon dioxide and infrared silencer have been developed. The thermal conductivity of the low vacuum insulated products with the use of synthetic silica dioxide and micro-silica - waste production with the addition of titanium dioxide at moderate temperatures with samples of 37.5°C and 1.0°C is investigated. The results of electron microscopy of materials studied are presented. The optimal amount of additive-infrared silencer is determined. It has been found out that low-vacuum products based on micro-silica with an optimal amount of additives have a thermal conductivity lower than that of the air at lower temperatures.
La coulée continue des aciers. Un exemple de développement technique où l’étroite coopération entre métallurgistes, constructeurs et exploitants a été d’une grande fécondité
Authors: Saleil Jean , Le Coze Jean
Published: January 2019

Les processus de solidification à l’œuvre dans les diverses zones de la machine de coulée sont décrits avec leurs conséquences sur la qualité interne du produit. Les principaux moyens additionnels pour améliorer cette qualité sont passés en revue : brassage électromagnétique, réduction en ligne. Les problèmes posés par la coulée des produits de forte section sont examinés. Les comportements spécifiques à la solidification de certaines familles d’acier sont décrits : acier bas carbone pour produits plats minces, aciers inoxydables, aciers à haut carbone pour roulements.
Beneficiation of rejects slime of iron ore by means of sequential leaching
Authors: Sarkar Santanu , Sarkar Supriya
Published: January 2019

The present research work has been conducted to remove gangue contents from rejects slime of iron ore, having particle size < 20 µm by circulating leaching with aqueous hydrofluoric acid (HF) followed by nitric acid (HNO3) washing. Effects of acid concentration, slurry ratio, reaction time, stirring speed and temperature on gangue removal have been examined. The gangue contents (alumina and silica) are reduced from 13 weight percentage (wt.%) to around 1 wt.%. The iron value has also been increased from 58.74 wt.% to 68.47 wt.% with more than 95% iron recovery. The gangue matter remaining after leaching consists mainly of aluminium and silicon, which is most likely encapsulated in the goethite phase. The leaching kinetics has also been studied to establish an overall leach-rate equation. The shrinking core model is very suitable to describe the kinetics of gangue removal.
Aortic Aneurysm Eroding into the Spine
Authors: Rajab T. , Beyene Miriam , Yazdchi Farhang , Menard Matthew
Published: January 2019

Aortic aneurysms are usually asymptomatic until catastrophic rupture occurs. Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms classically present with acute back pain, shock, and a pulsatile abdominal mass. The natural history of some aortic aneurysms also includes a stage of contained rupture. This occurs when extravasation of blood from the ruptured aneurysm is contained by surrounding tissues. Here, the authors report the case of a chronic contained abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture that resulted in erosion of the spine.
Child Abuse or Bleeding Disorder—An Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Streif Werner , Watzer-Herberth Irmina , Hahn Gabriele , Schmidt Uwe , Knöfler Ralf
Published: January 2019

Children with an unexplained bleeding tendency are frequently referred to a haemostaseologist for further evaluation. Careful standardized history taking and clinical evaluation should allow for distinguishing bleeds after minor injury and trauma which are very common in all children. However, in two groups of children bleeding symptoms may be more significant than expected: those with an underlying coagulation disorder and those who have been subjected to physical child abuse. The coexistence of child abuse and a bleeding disorder must always be considered. An extended coagulation diagnostic is required if the morphology of bleedings is not clearly suspicious for child abuse and in the absence of typical concomitant injuries, e.g., bone fractures. An interdisciplinary approach involving a forensic pathologist and a paediatric haemostaseologist for assessment of bleeding symptoms, the explanation of the clinical findings, and the critical evaluation of laboratory results are essential in such cases. This review is focussed on symptoms in accidental and nonaccidental injuries in children assisting haemostaseologists in decision making in cases of child protection issues.
10.2 Product Class 2: Benzo[c]furan and Its Derivatives
Authors: Kwiecień H.
Published: January 2019

This chapter is a revision of the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing methods for the synthesis of benzo[c]furans (isobenzofurans), and has been expanded to include 1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]furan-1(3H)-ones [1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-ones, phthalides]. Various methods for the in situ generation of the very reactive benzo[c]furans and their trapping with dienophiles through Diels–Alder reactions, as well as approaches to the preparation of stable 1,3-diarylbenzo[c]furans, are presented. Classical routes to 1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]furan-1(3H)-ones involve the disproportionation of 1,2-diacylbenzenes or formation of the lactone ring from 2-functionalized benzoic acid derivatives. More recent developments that involve other approaches are also included.
30.3.5.3 1,3-Dithiepanes (Update 2018)
Authors: Saikawa Y. , Nakata M.
Published: January 2019

1,3-Dithiepanes are less common than 1,3-dithiolanes or 1,3-dithianes, but are also used in the thioacetalization of carbonyl compounds. This chapter covers methods published since 2007, including fused rings with hidden 1,3-dithiepane substructures.
Correlating non-linear behavior of in-plane magnetic field and local domain wall velocities for quantitative stress evaluation
Authors: Qiu Fasheng , Tian Guiyun , McCord Jeffrey , Zhao Jian , Zeng Kun , Hu Pan
Published: January 2019

There is a need in industry to supply safe, effective and reliable technique to characterize the stress of steel components and structures, both at the manufacturing stage and in service. Bridging the correlation between micro and macro magnetic properties and the applied tensile stress is the first conceptual step to come up with a new method of non-destructive material testing. We investigate the stress-associated changes in domain wall dynamics in grain-oriented electrical steel by in-situ magnetic imaging using magneto-optical indicator films. The 180° domain walls velocity distribution is used as a parameter for applied stress determination. Additionally, the in-plane magnetic stray field above the surface of the sample is synchronously measured for stress evaluation. The variations in magnetic stray field outside the sample under different loading are investigated for the analysis of the domain wall dynamics. From this, an interrelation of the domain wall dynamics and magnetic stray fields with varied tensile stress is derived. The results provide substantial microscopic and macroscopic insight for the interplay of domain wall dynamics and stress-induced demagnetizing effect.
The well-posedness for the Cauchy problem of the double-diffusive convection system
Authors: Chen Fei , Guo Boling , Zeng Lan
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we consider the well-posedness of the solution for the Cauchy problem of the double-diffusive convection system in R3. We establish the local existence and uniqueness of the solution for the double-diffusive convection system in H1(R3) with large initial data and the global well-posedness under the assumption that the L2 norm of the initial data is small. Moreover, we also prove that there exists a global unique solution in HN(R3) for any N ≥ 2, without any other smallness condition of the initial data.
Electrical field admissible values for the classical field emitter regime in the study of large area emitters
Authors: Popov E. O. , Kolosko A. G. , Filippov S. V.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a comparison of theoretical and experimental approaches to the study of large-area field electron emitters (LAFEs) was performed using the test for the correspondence of the measured volt-ampere characteristics to the ideal field emission mode (the test for “orthodoxy”). The ranges of permissible values of electric fields, which provide mainly field emission of electrons, are justified and calculated. The test for compliance with the field emission regime is integrated as one of the software modules into a computerized system for studying the emission characteristics of LAFE. The developed approach allows one to check directly in the course of the experiment whether the range of fields applied to the emitter corresponds to the “orthodoxy” criteria in a wide range of emission currents.
Dynamics of the entanglement and teleportation of thermal state of a spin chain with multiple interactions
Authors: Redwan Ahmad , Abdel-Aty Abdel-Haleem , Zidan Nour , El-Shahat Tarek
Published: January 2019

We investigate the effect of Calogero-Moser (CM) type interactions on the thermal entanglement and teleportation in an anisotropic two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ system with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (Dz) interaction in the presence of the external magnetic field. In this regard, the system is designed and analytically solved. The final state density of the system is obtained, and the impact of the system parameters is investigated. The negativity is used to quantify the entanglement dynamics over the system. The generated entangled channels are examined to exchange the information between the system qubits using the standard teleportation protocol; then, the fidelity of the transmitted information is quantified. The effect of the system parameters (Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya, Spin-orbit coupling, CM type interaction, and magnetic field) in the dynamics of the entanglement and state transfer is investigated. Our results indicate that the strength coupling, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (Dz) interaction, and magnetic field have a great effect on the dynamics of the entanglement and, consequently, the quality of the generated channels to exchange the information. In addition, we observe that the entanglement of sudden death exists when the distance between the spins is increased.