bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrosion-Fatigue in Steam Turbine Blades
Authors: Salzman R. N. , Rieger N. F. , Tschegg S. , Schönbauer B. , Turnbull A. , Zhou S. , Gandy D.
Published: October 2024

A research program has been initiated to develop the first predictive methodology for corrosion fatigue life in steam turbine blades, addressing a critical gap in current understanding despite extensive research into corrosion pitting and fatigue failure. The study focuses initially on dual-certified 403/410 12% Cr stainless steel, utilizing a newly developed test facility capable of conducting high-cycle fatigue tests in simulated steam environments at 90°C with controlled corrosive conditions. This testing platform enables the investigation of various steady and cyclic stress conditions, establishing a foundation for future testing of other blade steels and the development of comprehensive blade life estimation techniques.
Microstructural Degradation during High Temperature Exposure Up to 105 h and Its Effects on Creep of Grade 91 Steel
Authors: Chen R.P. , Ghassemi Armaki H. , Maruyama K. , Minami Y. , Igarashi M.
Published: October 2024

A study of Grade 91 steel's creep rupture behavior at 600°C (up to 90,000 hours) and 650°C (up to 23,000 hours) reveals that static recovery of tempered martensite lath structures leads to decreased stress exponent and breakdown of creep strength. While M23C6 and MX particles initially stabilize lath structures by hindering sub-boundary migration, the progressive aggregation of M23C6 particles reduces their pinning force, triggering static recovery. Although Grade 91 steel shows better M23C6 thermal stability compared to Grade 122 type steels (9-12%Cr-2W-0.4Mo-1Cu-VNb), coarsening of M23C6 particles and subgrain width is expected to occur slightly beyond 100,000 hours at 600°C, potentially leading to creep strength breakdown.
Effects of Variation of Phase Chemistry on Multi-Region Stress Rupture Properties at 625°C for P92 Steel
Authors: Peng Z. F. , Cai L.S. , Peng F. F. , Hu Y. P. , Chen F. Y.
Published: October 2024

A study of P92 steel's creep-rupture behavior at 625°C revealed distinct relationships between phase chemistry and stress rupture properties across two regions: high-stress/short-term (180-150 MPa for 30-454 h) and low-stress/long-term (140-110 MPa for 2881-10,122 h). Using EPMA-EDS with Multiphase Separation Method (MPSM), researchers analyzed how M23C6 and Laves phase coarsening and chemistry (focusing on Cr, W, and Mo distribution) varied between these regions. This multi-region analysis established a framework for more efficient creep testing and improved extrapolation of short-term results to predict long-term rupture strengths, while providing reference phase chemistry data for future studies.
The Effect of Simulated Post Weld Heat Treatment Temperature Overshoot on Microstructural Evolution in P91 and P92 Power Plant Steels
Authors: MacLachlan R.C. , Sanchez-Hanton J.J. , Thomson R.C.
Published: October 2024

Creep strength enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steels, particularly modified 9Cr steels Grade 91 and 92, are increasingly used in advanced coal-fired power plants for header and steam piping construction. While these materials typically enter service after receiving a standard high-temperature normalizing treatment followed by lower temperature tempering to achieve optimal microstructure, practical situations like welding operations may expose components to additional heat treatment exceeding the Ac1, and potentially the Ac3, temperature before returning to tempering temperature. This research examines the effects of simulated post weld heat treatments (PWHT) on Grade 91 and 92 materials using dilatometer-controlled heating and cooling rates, with peak temperatures below Ac1, between Ac1 and Ac3, and above Ac3, followed by heat treatment at 750°C for 2 hours. Hardness measurements revealed significant reduction when exceeding the Ac1 temperature, while advanced electron microscopy, including electron back scatter diffraction, was employed to analyze changes in martensite laths and grain structure, along with detailed carbide size distribution analysis using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The findings are discussed in terms of how such PWHT overshoots might affect mechanical properties during high-temperature service.
Analysis of 3row Failure Caused by Vulnerable Data Retention Failure Adjacent to Disconnected BCAT
Authors: Nam Jongwon , Kim Youmin , Han Jinhyeon , Kim Sangho , Jo Hyunhee , Park Seaeun , Lee Kanghyuk , Kim Jihoon , Jung Ilwoo , Lee Dongin , Lee Byunghyun , Park SeGuen
Published: October 2024

As dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chips grow in density and complexity, tightly packed word lines become increasingly susceptible to interference, potentially causing data retention failures. This study investigates a novel failure mechanism where disconnected buried channel array transistors (BCATs) create interference affecting three adjacent word lines (3row failure). Through systematic analysis of voltage, temperature, and operational sequences, we demonstrate that the pass gate effect significantly impairs dynamic data retention, leading to these 3row failures. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified defect mechanism in advanced DRAM technology and emphasize the importance of comprehensive testing protocols for detecting and characterizing emerging failure modes. This work contributes to the broader effort of improving DRAM reliability in modern computing systems.
Studying the FT-IR Spectra of Flux at Different Curing Conditions for Semiconductor Applications
Authors: Murugan Sharmeeni , Thiagarajan Sangeetha , Fakri Amirul , Imadudina  , Anamarliha
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the behavior of flux compounds under different curing conditions for two distinct flux materials. To explore this behavior, we conducted two separate experimental designs. In the first design, we varied the heating temperature (ranging from 40°C to 180°C) and tested with 0.1g of flux for 50 seconds. The second design involved varying the mass volume of flux (ranging from 0.02g to 0.1g) and testing for 300 seconds at 160°C. We employed FT-IR analysis to detect any changes in the functional groups present in the flux. The results indicate that flux exposed to different curing conditions undergoes decomposition of certain functional groups. This effect becomes more pronounced with increasing temperature and decreasing flux mass volume. TQ Analyst software quantified the significant variations in the IR spectra, revealing mismatches at different curing conditions.
Application of Visible ThermoDynamic Imaging Technology for Hotspot Detection in Failure Analysis
Authors: Tominaga Shimpei , Chinone Norimichi , Uchikado Akihito , Aoshima Yuhei , Nakamura Tomonori , Matsumoto Toru , Jung Yunki , Lee Sungho , Han Sangmin , Kim Hyeongki , Ikesu Masataka
Published: October 2024

The emergence of three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor devices has increased the importance of thermal imaging techniques. This paper presents a dual-capability system combining thermo-reflectance and thermal lock-in imaging (LIT) for high-speed, highly sensitive thermal analysis. We evaluate the hotspot detection capabilities of two-wavelength thermo-reflectance compared to LIT, including results from actual failure analysis cases. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of thermo-reflectance detection (TD) imaging for 3D devices where direct optical access to active layers is limited, such as 3D NAND flash memory and BSP-DN structured devices. This approach offers a promising solution for the thermal characterization of complex 3D semiconductor architectures.
Integrating Multimodal Microscopy and Artificial Intelligence Solutions for Laser Dicing Process Induced Defect Identification
Authors: Cognigni Flavio , Lamedica Giulio , Mello Domenico , Von Gunten Philippe , Fiannaca Guillaume , Stegmann Heiko , du Plessis Anton , Rossi Marco
Published: October 2024

In semiconductor manufacturing, the process of laser dicing can result in a loss of yield due to defects associated to the laser interaction with the sample. These defects can be difficult to identify, especially before a proper tuning of the process. Traditional investigation methods, like infrared (IR) inspection and focused-ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) analysis, are labor-intensive and lack comprehensive insights. Here, we propose a robust correlative microscopy (CM) workflow integrating IR, X-ray Microscopy (XRM), and FIB-SEM tomography analyses, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) driven algorithm for time- and quality-improved dataset reconstruction, automatic segmentation and defect site identification. Our approach streamlines defect identification, preparation, and characterization. Through AI-enhanced methodologies, as well as femtosecond (fs) laser, we optimize investigation efficiency and extract crucial information about defects properties and evolution. Our research aims to advance semiconductor failure analysis by integrating AI for enhanced defect localization and high-quality 3D dataset acquisition in the realm of laser dicing processes.
RF-LIT Use Case Studies
Authors: van Veenhuizen Marc , Meeuwsen Eric , Lin Keying , Nab Maarten , Achour Mohammed , Gommers Pieter , Thukral Varun
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses the application of the RF-LIT technique to a variety of use cases. The technique itself was introduced during last year’s ISTFA 2023 conference. The present work aims to showcase its suitability for the analysis of polyline cracks and packaging related fails such as via opens in RDL as well as cracks in solder joints. Further, a model is constructed explaining why RF-LIT can work and where the frequency dependence comes from.
Failure Analysis of InGaAs/GaAs Nanoridge Lasers by Electron Beam Based Nanoprobing
Authors: Sharma Anjanashree M.R. , Hsieh Ping-Yi , Panda Debi Prasad , Jacobs Kristof J.P. , Yudistira Didit , Kunert Bernardette , Van Campenhout Joris , Won Seo Jin , De Wolf Ingrid , Jatzkowski Jörg , Altmann Frank
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the failure analysis of InGaAs/GaAs-on-Si nanoridge laser diodes using the electron beam based nano-probing technique is presented. These III-V laser devices are fabricated using the nano-ridge engineering approach where the misfit dislocations generated during the growth of InGaAs/GaAs layers on silicon substrate are confined away from the active region. It is observed that the applied electrical stress causes degradation of electrical properties of the laser devices. We demonstrate the application of the electron beam induced current (EBIC) technique for failure analysis of nano-ridge lasers. This high-resolution technique helps to visualize the local distribution of the electric field in a nano-ridge p-i-n diode. The EBIC signal from the reference (electrically unstressed) device and the electrically stressed device is compared and hence can be used to identify the defective region. Furthermore, in-situ electrical stress experiments are performed for systematic analysis of the impact of electrical stress on the EBIC results.
Large Area Circuit Delayering from the Backside Using Chemically Assisted Focused Ion Beam Sputtering with Optical Metrology Feedback
Authors: DiBattista Michael , Chivas Robert , Sheeder Jonathan , Silverman Scott , Beaulieu Henry
Published: October 2024

Advanced node semiconductor reverse engineering has always demanded cutting-edge techniques to cleanly extract the key structural information from the integrated circuit (IC) design. Core circuit edit technologies such as taking a backside wafer approach, employing scanning focused ion beam (FIB) recipes, optimized chemical delivery, and endpoint technology based on ultraviolet (UV) photon spectroscopy can play an important role in success. Once delayered, the IC's structural layers can be subjected to high-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. A new tool has been developed that incorporates these capabilities for dedicated IC delayering. These capabilities allow for the visualization of individual layers, transistors, interconnects, and other critical elements at nanometer-scale resolution, unveiling valuable insights into the IC's design and functionality.
Top-Down Junction Analysis in SiC
Authors: Johnson Gregory M. , Rummel Andreas , Barbarino Pietro Paolo , Sciuto Giuseppe , Astuto Massimiliano , Calvagno Giancarlo , Ricciari Roberta
Published: October 2024

An innovative method of characterizing p/n junctions and finding defects in SiC MOSFETs is discussed. First, a baseline technique is considered, which involves OBIRCH analysis of shorting paths after etching off the surface metal. The resolution, however, is not satisfactory. Top surface EBIC and EBIRCH results are then presented. Single-probe imaging with EBIC on gates with a 25 kV SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscopy) is shown to be able to image sub-surface depletion zones in the sample. Further measurements by EBIRCH isolated the precise spot of the defect.
MOSFET Testing and Interpretation Overview (2024 Update)
Authors: Albert Dave
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “MOSFET Testing and Interpretation Overview (2024 Update).”
Non-Destructive Defect Localization by Acoustic Microscopy
Authors: Brand Sebastian
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “Non-Destructive Defect Localization by Acoustic Microscopy.”
Failure Analysis Challenges for Chip Scale Packages (2024 Update)
Authors: Li Susan X.
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “Failure Analysis Challenges for Chip Scale Packages (2024 Update).”
La dualidad de la inteligencia artificial en la sostenibilidad de las cadenas de suministro: una revisión narrativa
Authors: Amado Mateus Marelby
Published: October 2024

Introducción: En la era digital actual, la inteligencia artificial (IA) se posiciona como una herramienta crucial para avanzar hacia cadenas de suministro sostenibles, abordando ineficiencias y reduciendo emisiones de carbono derivadas de la creciente demanda energética. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura, evaluando artículos publicados en las bases de datos Scopus y Science Direct entre 2022 y 2024, para capturar los avances recientes del impacto de la IA en la sostenibilidad de las cadenas de suministro. Resultados: Los hallazgos subrayan la capacidad de la IA para optimizar procesos logísticos, mejorar la predicción de la demanda y gestionar inventarios de manera eficiente, reduciendo la huella de carbono y optimizando el uso de recursos. Discusión: Aunque los beneficios son significativos, la implementación de la IA enfrenta desafíos como el alto consumo energético y la complejidad en la integración de datos. Es esencial considerar las implicaciones éticas y sociales para maximizar los beneficios y minimizar los impactos negativos. Conclusiones: La integración de la IA en la gestión de la cadena de suministro representa un avance significativo en sostenibilidad y eficiencia operativa. Se requieren tecnologías más eficientes y políticas que apoyen la adopción de IA sostenible para superar los desafíos y maximizar los beneficios.
Computer diffraction tomography: a comparative analysis of the use of controlled and wavelet filters for image processing
Authors: Bondarenko V. I. , Rekhviashvili S. S. , Chukhovskii F. N.
Published: October 2024

The paper provides digital processing of 2D X-ray projection images of a Coulomb-type point defect in a Si(111) crystal recorded by a detector against the background of statistical Gaussian noise. A managed filter and a wavelet filter with a 4th-order Daubechies function are used. The efficiency of filtering 2D images is determined by calculating the relative quadratic deviations of the intensities of filtered and reference (noiseless) 2D images averaged over all points. A comparison of the calculated values of the relative deviations of the intensities shows that the considered methods work quite well and both, in principle, can be effectively used in practice for noise processing of X-ray diffraction images used for 3D reconstruction of nanoscale defects of crystal structures.
Brazil’s environmental ups and downs
Authors: Vershinina I. A , Martynenko T. S.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the history and specifics of environmental movements in Brazil. Particular attention is paid to the three stages of the formation of environmental movements and organizations, which are closely related to the political situation in the country. The features of Brazil’s environmental agenda at the beginning of the 21st century are highlighted. It is concluded that it is necessary to revise the basic principles of the modern global environmental agenda in order to identify their compliance with the national interests of Brazil.
On the new cycle of Russian-Latin American cooperation in education
Authors: Ermolieva E. G.
Published: October 2024

The history of Russia’s relations with the countries of Latin America (LA) shows that interaction in higher education sphere was an important component of interregional cooperation, although its dynamics were cyclical, when periods of upswing were followed by protracted downturns. Currently, as part of the foreign policy strategy aimed at expanding Russia’s ties with the LA-region, the task is to restore cooperation in the field of tertiary education. The purpose of the article is to review previous experience and new options for partnerships between Russian and Latin American universities. Particular attention is paid to virtual student mobility, as well as the inclusion of Russian universities into the humanitarian component of BRICS in the context of its the expansion. The work is based on a detailed study of statistical reviews of official institutions of Russian Federation, as well as publications on Latin American issues of Russian authors. Sources of information also included articles of foreign scientists dealing with the problems of internationalization of higher education in the LA-region. The content analysis method made it possible to filter secondary data appearing in media. The synthesis of extensive information and comparative analysis helps to identify similar and distinctive characteristics of Latin American student mobility in the global education market in different geographical routes, and to determine Russia’s place in this process. In conclusion, the opportunities and difficulties for inter-university cooperation in the “RF-LA” model at the present stage are analyzed.
Augmented cortisol and antiglucocorticoid therapy in mood disorders: the hippocampus as a potential drug target
Authors: Gulyaeva N. V.
Published: October 2024

The pathophysiology of many mood disorders is closely related to abnormal stress response associated with the dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and cortisol overproduction. The hippocampus, a key structure of the limbic system responsible for both cognitive and emotional spheres, is selectively vulnerable to excess of glucocorticoids (GCs) inducing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The antiGC therapy of psychiatric diseases, in particular depressive disorders, may be a useful additional treatment. Among other approaches, targeting glucocorticoid receptors, abounded in the hippocampus, is regarded as highly promising. However, though the preclinical data provide fairly firm evidence to the concept of antiGC therapy for stress-related diseases, clinical studies still are at the proof-of-concept stage. Noteworthy, chronic GC excess is associated not only with mood diseases, but also with cognitive decline, metabolic disorders, diabetes. Potentially, antiGC (HPA axis modifying) therapy may alleviate affective symptoms, cognitive disturbances, GC and insulin resistance and adverse side effects of conventional drugs through beneficial effects on the hippocampus mitigating its dysfunction and neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and impairment of neurogenesis. Since stress/GC-associated neuroinflammation-mediated pathology of the limbic system and, specifically, the hippocampus, is a general feature typical for many brain diseases, the concept of antiGC therapy may be extended, tested and validated in a wider spectrum of cerebral pathologies.
Alterations in tissue content of iron and zinc in mice bearing hepatoma 22a and their correction by zinc sulphate supplementation
Authors: Zelenskyi Е. А. , Rutto K. V. , Trulioff A. S. , Magazenkova D. N. , Sokolov A. V. , Kisseleva Е. P.
Published: October 2024

It is known that many tumors induce iron and zinc deficiency in the organism. We studied the content of these metals, as well as the specific activity of two antioxidant metal-dependent enzymes – catalase and superoxide dismutase of three distal organs (thymus, liver and spleen) in animals bearing transplantable hepatoma 22a. These alterations were compared to weight changes of organs. On day 21 of tumor growth, as compared to control group, nonheme iron content in all three organs was decreased, and zinc content – only in the thymus. The specific activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were both increased in the thymus, while in the liver activity of superoxide dismutase decreased. At the same time point thymic involution and splenomegaly were developed. In order to normalize metal content mice bearing hepatoma 22a were supplemented with 22 mkg of zinc sulphate per ml of drinking water during 3 weeks. Zinc sulphate supplementation partly compensated zinc deficiency in the thymus, increased zinc content in the liver and restored iron content in three organs. It also normalized superoxide dismutase activity in the liver and had no influence on enzymes in other organs. Zinc supplementation did not influence the weight of spleen and liver, but prevented the development of thymic involution. Moreover, metal deficiency in the thymus was restored while the activity of antioxidant enzymes remained unchanged. Based on this we can conclude that thymus involution in hepatoma 22a mice was associated with iron and zinc deficiency in this organ and was not linked with antioxidant enzyme activity, while splenomegaly had no relation to both types of parameters in the spleen. Thus, zinc sulphate positively influences metabolism of two vital trace elements – zinc and iron in animals bearing hepatoma 22a, what contributes to maintaining of the central immune organ – the thymus, and along with this it improves antioxidant system of the liver.
Active avoidance learning in rats with different audiogenic epilepsy proneness
Authors: Surina M. N. , Kondratova S. N. , Nikolaev G. M. , Fedotova I. В. , Poletaeva I. I.
Published: October 2024

The success of the formation of the conditioned reflex reaction of two-way avoidance in the shuttle chamber in rats of 3 strains was evaluated. These were rats predisposed to audiogenic epilepsy – the Krushinsky-Molodkina strain rats (KM), "4" strain (selected from a population of F2 hybrids of the KM strain and sound-insensitive Wistars) and rats of "0" strain, selected for the absence of audiogenic epilepsy from the same population (i. e. these strains, diametrically different in audiogenic epilepsy proneness, possessing a similar genetic background). Experiments have shown significantly more successful assimilation of this skill in rats of the "0" strain.
Disturbances of the process of synaptic elimination and its reflection in the wave N170 of auditory evoked potential (AEP) in first psychotic episode of paranoid schizophrenia
Authors: Arkhipov А. Yu. , Rodionov G. I. , Strelets V. В.
Published: October 2024

The reaction of cortical structures of different significance (associated with delusions and hallucination and neutral ones) was studied. The work was conducted in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and normal control (24 patients with paranoid schizophrenia, 15 controls). In patients in frontal areas paradox effect (PE) in AEPs with the increase of both parameters of N170 component was revealed. In central and temporal areas PEs were found in N170 component with the decrease of both parameters of this component. These results point to the “conflict” between the processes of excitation and inhibition in schizophrenia. In schizophrenia patients Pes were revealed in auditory and visual modalities (EVPs and VEPs) on the N170 wave with the unidirectional shifts (increase and decrease) of both parameters in the same cortical areas in AEPs and VEPs. It is supposed that ERP disturbances revealed in patients with schizophrenia are due to the pathology of the synaptic pruning causing the imbalance of excitation-inhibition and leading to the psychosis onset.
On the issue of forecasting crop yields for the purposes of adaptive landscape agriculture
Authors: Ivanov D. A. , Kharhardinov N. A. , Kurpas K. S.
Published: October 2024

Long-term monitoring (1998–2023) of the yield of clover-timothy grass stands of the first year of use was carried out in order to find patterns of influence of landscape environmental conditions on it in various agroclimatic conditions. The research was conducted within the moraine hill located at the Gubino VNIIMZ agro-testing site in the Tver region. Soil-forming rocks are two-membered deposits consisting of an upper layer composed of relatively light rocks, underlain by moraine bouldery loam. The grass stands were exploited without fertilizers in a single-cut mode on a field divided into 120 plots. Using regression analysis, the influence of landscape and soil environment factors was determined: relief, physical and agrochemical properties of soils on grass yield, as well as the dependence of the degree of this impact on climatic conditions. It was found that the yield of perennial grasses is most strongly influenced by various fractions of the granulometric composition of soils – from stones to dust (up to 16 % of its variability) and the altitude of the location (up to 38 %), since the thermal and water-air characteristics of soils and vegetation largely depend on them. Terrain characteristics such as steepness and curvature of the surface have a minor impact on grass yield (up to 12 %). The degree of influence of agro-landscape environmental factors on the growth of grasses is largely regulated by fluctuations in weather conditions. “Climate scenarios” of a specific factor – sets of weather parameters under which its effect on the production process of a crop is manifested – in the years of sowing and mowing, as a rule, do not differ fundamentally. Knowing the nature of the influence of climatic factors allows us to more accurately predict crop yields within an agricultural landscape and, thus, optimize the location of crops on the territory of a particular farm.
Investigation of in-field heterogeneities in the development of soybean according to remote sensing data and properties of the plow horizon (on the example of the south of the Far East)
Authors: Stepanov A. S. , Kharitonova G. V. , Aseeva T. A. , Verkhoturov A. L. , Dubrovin K. N. , Frolov A. N.
Published: October 2024

Assessment of crop heterogeneities is one of the key conditions for predicting crop yield and increasing the economic efficiency of farming. The aim of the study is to develop methods for assessing in-field heterogeneities of soybean based on remote sensing data and to determine the relationship between soybean productivity indicators and soil characteristics. The work was carried out on meadow-brown heavy loamy soil, 10 plots of soybean field with a total area of 36.9 ha (Khabarovsk Krai) were selected for sampling in May and August 2023. The research was based on the results of remote sensing data processing (Sentinel-2 satellite, DJI Mavic3M quadrocopter), assessment of soybean productivity indicators, agrochemical, physical and chemical characteristics of soils and micro- and macroelement composition. The spatial distribution of NDVI modeled from Sentinel-2 data (early August) corresponded to the distribution of NDVI from DJI Mavic3M data. NDVI index values in August 2023 were found to be significantly correlated with soybean height (R = 0.64) and number of beans (R = 0.64). Soil moisture has a positive correlation with NDVI (R = 0.87) and soybean height (R = 0.68) for the entire growing season of the crop. NDVI was positively correlated with Hg (R = 0.79) and negatively correlated with pH (R = –0.79). The content of N-NO3 ranged from 2.51 to 6.84 mg/kg (V = 35.12 %), mobile forms of Р2О5 – from 2.47 to 6.07 mg/100 g (V = 33.13 %), К2О – from 4.98 to 9.37 mg/100 g (V = 20.07 %). The variability of N-NO3 and Р2О5 content decreased to 11.61 % and 21.99 % by August. No significant changes in soil bulk composition were observed between the first and second sampling. Variation of content of rare-earth elements (Sc, Y, lanthanides) in the selected sites did not exceed 5 %. By the date of the second sampling a significant decrease by 4–10.5 % (p 0.05) in the content of rare earth elements in soil was noted.
Determination of adaptive capabilities of various types, forms and varieties of apple trees based on endophytic and epiphytic microbiota indicators
Authors: Saveleva N. N. , Kozaeva M. I.
Published: October 2024

The aim of the research was to identify the most resistant species, forms and varieties of apple trees based on the developmental specifics of the various types of microbiota. The research was conducted in 2014–2023 at the I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, Michurinsk, Tambov region. The year of planting was 2009 with the planning scheme 6×3 m., the rootstock 54–118. The objects of the research are: Malus robusta species; forms 25–8, 64–143, and 54–118; varieties Korichnoe polosatoe, Orlovim, Iyulskoe Chernenko, and Slava Michurinska. The soil type was leached medium-power black soil with a loamy mechanical composition. Pseudomonas syringae bacteria prevailed in resistant plants: 96.6 % in Malus robusta hybrid apple, 89.3 % in Korichnoe polosatoe variety, and 88.7 % in 25–8 form, which is 9.7 %, 2.4 % and 1.8 % respectively, higher than the average value among the test subjects. In 64–143 form and Slava Michurinska variety, the indicators are lower than the average by 5.5 % and 4.2 % respectively. The yield of mixed microbiota in Malus robusta was not observed (0.0 %). Korichnoe polosatoe variety had an indicator below the average value by 0.7 %, in the form 25–8 by 1.3 %, and in the form 64–143 by 11.4 %, which is 4.5 % higher than the average. The magnitude of negative tests ranged from 3.4 % (Malus robusta) to 6.2 % (Iyulskoe Chernenko), which did not exceed the average value. Samples 64–143, 54–118 and Slava Michurinska had above-average values of 1.0 %, 2.0 % and 4.0 %, respectively. According to the complex of indicators of microbiota yield and the percentage of negative tests, Malus robusta, Korichnoe polosatoe variety and 25–8 form had a high potential for environmental resistance. They were recommended for further breeding for resistance to adverse environmental factors.
Efficacy mixture of fomesafen and clomazone for weed control in potato
Authors: Tkach A. S. , Golubev A. S. , Dolzhenko V. I.
Published: October 2024

In 2022–2023 in Leningrad region at potato Liga variety trials were conducted to evaluate mixture of herbicides Nexus (240 g/l of fomesafen) and Traser (480 g/l of clomazone) in the following schedules: 1.0 l/ha + 0.25 l/ha; 1.0 l/ha + 0.5 l/ha; 1.25 l/ha + 0.25 l/ha and 1.25 l/ha + 0.5 l/ha. The use of herbicides in their pure form acted as standard. The experiments were carried out in accordance with the methods of herbicide registration trials (2013; 2020). The use of tank-mix of herbicides Nexus + Traser made it possible to most fully control of mixed type of weediness, typical for the North-Western region. When applying a tank-mix herbicides in the regulations of 1.0…1.25 l/ha + 0.5 l/ha, the decrease in the weight of annual dicotyledonous weeds was at a level exceeding 75.0 %; the decrease in the weight of annual cereal weeds reached 88.3 %. The use of the herbicide Nexus in its pure form was most noticeably inferior to the application of tank-mix of herbicides Nexus + Traser (1.0…1.25 l/ha + 0.5 l/ha) in terms of effect on plants of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.)) and baconweed (Chenopodium album L.). The main advantage of a tank-mix of herbicides over the herbicide Traser in its pure form was realized in relation to the effect on pale persicaria (Polygonum lapathifolium L.). Reduced competition from weeds contributed to the preservation of potato yields of Liga variety cultivated in the North-Western region. Under normal moisture conditions, the potato yield after using a tank-mix of herbicides Nexus and Traser (31.0…35.8 t/ha) significantly exceeded the crop yield after using these herbicides in their pure form (17.5…23.3 t/ha).
Selection and genetic parameters of productivity of sheep (ovis aries) of the Trans-Baikal breed of the Khangil type
Authors: Khamiruev T. N.
Published: October 2024

The study was conducted to investigate the selection and genetic parameters of productivity of fine-wool sheep of the Trans-Baikal breed of the Khangil typein order to increase the efficiency of the selection process. The relationships between the selected traits (live weight, wool yield) and the exterior and constitutional features were determined using the method of correlation and regression analysis. Of the assessed parameters, the greatest variability was observed for body weight (11.9…19.4 %), wool yield (9.9…11.1 %) and latitudinal linear measurements (8.2…12.4 %). According to the constitution indices, rams differed from ewes by greater leg length, better chest development, stronger skeleton, while ewes were characterized by a more stretched, compact and massive body with a better developed back part. Live weight and wool yield of rams were more closely associated with linear measurements than those of ewes. Live weight of both males and females correlated more strongly with chest girth (respectively +0.916, p 0.001 and +0.740, p 0.001), wool yield – with chest depth in rams (+0.737, p 0.001) and hip width in ewes (+0.469, p 0.001). In Trans-Baikal breed of the Khangil type rams, with an increase in the hip width measurement by 1 cm, it is possible to predict an increase in live weight by 5.50 kg (r = 0.839; p 0.001), in ewes with an increase in chest girth by 1 cm – by 1.04 kg (r = 0.740; p 0.001). The analysis of paired regression equations shows that the live weight of Trans-Baikal breed of the Khangil type ewes is largely determined by the linear measurement of the chest girth: in rams – 83.9 %, in ewes – 54.7 %, the influence of other factors accounts for 16.1 and 45.3 %, respectively. At the same time, in the multivariate regression models, 94.3 and 74.7 % of the change in body weight is explained by the effect of a complex of linear measurements, and the remaining share is attributed to the influence of other factors.
Study of special adaptation mechanisms and morphological regularities of broiler chickens against the background of pharmacological prevention combined pre-slaughter, heat and transport stress in industrial poultry farming
Authors: Miftakhutdinov A. V. , Nogovitsina E. A. , Lazareva M. P. , Акентьева Е. В.
Published: October 2024

The study was conducted to investigate the adaptation mechanisms of broiler chickens against the background of pharmacological prevention which includes combined pre-slaughter, heat and transport stress in industrial poultry farming. In summer, from clinically healthy Ross 308 chickens three groups of 95648 ± 931 chickens were formed on the principle of analogy. The first group was a control group and it was fed with complete feed. The second group was the first experimental group and it was fed with complete feed which included the anti-stress supplementary feed PIK-antistress at a dose of 1270 g per 1 ton of feed 5 days before slaughter. The third group was the second experimental group and it was fed with the anti-stress supplementary feed PIK-antistress which included L-carnitine at a dose of 1700 g per 1 ton of feed 5 days before slaughter. 38 days later broiler chickens were slaughtered. 3 main periods were commonly studied: the period after fasting, the period after transporting the chickens to the slaughter site and the period just before slaughter. Adaptation processes were developing during the slaughter of broiler chickens in summer. The processes are characterized by increasing the level of the ratio of heterophils to blood lymphocytes on average 2.8 times. The use of the complex food additive PIK-antistress and PIK-antistress in combination with L-carnitine can reduce the activity of stress-implementing mechanisms and increase the survivability of chickens by 3.20 and 4.58 %, respectively and the European productivity index by 32 and 45 units. All the data obtained are consistent with the morphometric studies of the adrenal glands while against the background of the use of anti-stress prophylaxis an increase of core area was noted by 43.0 % and 36.0 % and respectively against the background of a decrease of the area of the cytoplasm of the cortical cords by 11.2 % and 22.8 %, respectively, which indicates stabilization of metabolic processes in the cell.
Enseñanza musical en primera infancia: dimensiones de desarrollo y la metodología de Edgar Willems
Authors: Guerrero Portillo Lady Lorena
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo presenta una revisión narrativa de las dimensiones de desarrollo presentes en los lineamientos curriculares para preescolar del Ministerio de Educación Nacional de Colombia y en la metodología propuesta por Edgar Willems. De esta forma, se busca fomentar una visión holística, interdisciplinaria y transversal de la educación musical inicial, a partir de herramientas teóricas que puedan orientar una práctica didáctica y metodológica pertinente para la primera infancia, incorporando una visión integral del ser humano que involucre los aspectos físicos, emocionales e intelectuales presentes en las dimensiones cognitiva, socioafectiva, corporal, comunicativa, estética, ética y espiritual, y su relación con los elementos constitutivos de la música: ritmo, melodía y armonía.
El turismo urbano competitivo, opción de desarrollo en Pasto
Authors: Alvear Castañeda Yamile
Published: October 2024

Analizar un sector de la economía y conocer sus características es un tema de gran importancia en el mundo empresarial, dado que este conocimiento permite tener pautas sobre el estado en el que se encuentra, contribuyendo así en el proceso de toma de decisiones entre los stakeholders y, dando paso a una visualización futura y a la identificación del nivel de desarrollo y crecimiento que debe ser, más que un número, lo que establece una alerta que se refleja en el aporte del sector al PIB, utilizado este como medida de crecimiento local, regional y mundial.
Para efectos de este documento, nuestro foco es el sector turístico en una región como Pasto, donde adolecemos de industrialización, tema controvertido en el contexto de desarrollo económico y donde su aporte es solo del 1,8 %, que obedece al claro aislamiento que tiene el departamento de Nariño, su infraestructura vial y al soporte de su economía, siendo la agricultura el primer renglón, soportado en lo que dice Chang (2009): en repetidas ocasiones la historia ha demostrado que la distinción más importante entre regiones pobres y regiones ricas es que las regiones ubicadas en el segundo esquema tienen una elevada capacidad de manufactura, donde la productividad es generalmente más alta y cuya tendencia de crecimiento es mucho más acelerada que en la agricultura y en la oferta de servicios, rubro en el cual se encuentra el turismo, teniendo claridad que, para el servicio en turismo, se requiere de igual forma la construcción de productividad del servicio. Frente a esta situación, se debe contribuir con el desarrollo económico en regiones emergentes o con bajo nivel de desarrollo económico como es Pasto, donde justamente su economía depende de la activación de sectores no manufacturados o industrializados, como la agricultura, el comercio y la producción de una oferta de servicios. Es aquí donde se debe optar por hacer uso de las herramientas locales y ver las potencialidades de la región, que forma parte de un país subdesarrollado y emergente que busca y requiere incesantemente un desarrollo económico.
Frente al planteamiento anterior, es relevante levantar la mirada hacia sectores que se articulen con las potencialidades regionales y las bondades que ofrece la región; en este caso, el turismo urbano, sin quedarnos solo en la idea de que se debe analizar en qué estado se encuentra el sector y su competitividad.
Lógica computacional para niños de la comunidad indígena Aldea de María Putisnán, Contadero - Nariño
Authors: Guapucal Moran Johan Camilo
Published: October 2024

El propósito principal de este proyecto de investigación es desarrollar el pensamiento computacional y las habilidades de programación entre los niños de la comunidad indígena Aldea de María Putisnán, mediante el uso de la plataforma de desarrollo de juegos y animaciones Scratch para implementar una estrategia educativa. Igualmente, capacitarlos en lógica computacional, con énfasis en programación para niños.
Trazando el camino hacia el éxito: La historia de La Cava del Cerdo
Authors: Enríquez Burbano Dayana Rosmery , Narváez Ordoñez Jari Yanery
Published: October 2024

El propósito de este ensayo es ahondar en la realización de los objetivos que alguna vez fueron imaginados con ilusión en la infancia. Se enfoca en cómo la determinación, la responsabilidad, la resiliencia y el trabajo en equipo se convierten en pilares fundamentales para alcanzar esas metas y emprendimientos tan anhelados. Además, se examina cómo, factores como el autoconocimiento, la planificación estratégica y la gestión efectiva del tiempo, desempeñan un papel crucial en el camino hacia el logro de diversas aspiraciones. A lo largo de estas páginas se explora no solo la importancia intrínseca de estas cualidades y habilidades, sino también, el conocer experiencias de vida concretas sobre cómo cultivarlas y aplicarlas de manera efectiva en el trayecto hacia el éxito personal y profesional de cada individuo. Asimismo, se aborda ejemplos inspiradores de personas que han superado obstáculos significativos utilizando estos recursos, sirviendo de motivación y guía para el lector en su propio viaje hacia la realización de sus sueños en el campo empresarial.
El papel del emprendimiento en la construcción de sociedades inclusivas
Authors: Arteaga Rodríguez Natalia Vanessa , Taquez Rosales Lisbeth Tatiana
Published: October 2024

El presente ensayo tiene como objetivo principal, exaltar el papel fundamental del emprendimiento como motor de desarrollo económico y social. De acuerdo con el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE, 2024), la connotación de emprendimiento abarca a micronegocios que no superan los nueve empleados o, que son impulsados por trabajadores por cuenta propia. Sin embargo, para comprender plenamente el impacto y la dinámica de los emprendimientos en la sociedad actual, es necesario profundizar en aspectos que han sido pasados por alto.
Tratamiento capilar a base de aguacate Hass
Authors: Cerón García Sofia Gabriela , Cancimance Montenegro Ingrid Dayana
Published: October 2024

En los últimos años, el municipio de Los Andes Sotomayor ha enfrentado desafíos económicos significativos, en parte debido a la disminución en la demanda y rentabilidad de los cultivos de coca que, históricamente han sido una fuente importante de ingresos para la comunidad. Esta situación ha llevado a una búsqueda activa de alternativas económicas sostenibles que no solo impulsen el desarrollo local, sino que contribuyan al bienestar de sus habitantes.
Conscientes de esta necesidad, surge la iniciativa de desarrollar un proyecto innovador que no solo diversifique la economía local, sino que aproveche los recursos naturales disponibles en la región. En este contexto, se propone la creación de un tratamiento capilar a base de aguacate, una fruta abundante en la zona que, además de sus beneficios nutricionales, ofrece propiedades reparadoras y fortalecedoras para el cabello.
ПРОФИЛАКТИКА БУЛЛИНГА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ: SWOT-АНАЛИЗ УСЛОВИЙ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОБЛЕМЫ В ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯХ
Authors: Алимбекова А. , Асылбекова М. , Утемисова Г. , Нургалиева Д.
Published: October 2024

Статья «Профилактика буллинга в Казахстане: SWOT-анализ условий возникновния и развития проблемы в общеобразовательных организаци-ях» проводит глубокий анализ факторов, способствующих и препятствующих возникновению буллинга в школьной среде Казахстана. Исследование основано на опросе школьников в разных городах страны и выявляет как сильные, так и слабые стороны существующей ситуации. Цель статьи: разработать эффективные меры профилактики буллинга в Казахстане, направленные на повышение уровня дружбы, социальной адаптации и позитивного взаимодействия между школьниками. В статье рассматриваются следующие ключевые моменты: сильные стороны: дружелюбная атмосфера в классах, позитивное отношение к одноклассникам, высокая оценка личности по сравнению с внешностью, развитая эмпатия и сочувствие, желание проводить больше времени вместе. Слабые стороны: отсутствие системного подхода к буллингу, низкий уровень дружбы среди учеников, негативное влияние на самооценку ученика, отсутствие вовлеченности родителей в школьную жизнь ребенка, попытки скрыть дискриминацию и насилие в школьной среде, недостаток психологов и социальных педагогов в школах. Авторы предлагают следующие направления профилактических мер: проведение образовательных и культурных мероприятий для формирования дружелюбной атмосферы и развития толерантности, тренинги и программы по развитию самооценки, навыков мирного разрешения конфликтов и преодоления комплексов неполноценности. Дополнительные мероприятия по профилактике дискриминации и насилия, созданию условий для позитивного взаимодействия. Исследование причин нежелания общения между учениками для разработки соответствующих мер. Разработка программ по улучшению атмосферы в классах и школах, созданию безопасной среды обучения. Обучение сотрудников коммуникативным навыкам и активному участию в формировании позитивной атмосферы в учебных заведениях. Развитие культуры взаимопомощи и поддержки среди подростков для создания здоровой и позитивной среды общения. Данные исследования предоставляют ценную информацию для разработчиков программ профилактики буллинга, позволяя определить приоритетные направления работы. Работа выполнена при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан (грант № BR18574152).
МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ STEMТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В МАТЕМАТИКЕ: НА ПРИМЕРЕ КАЗАХСТАНА
Authors: Ахатай А.А. , Сейтмуратов А.Ж. , Енсебаева Г.М. , Пилтен Г. , Пилтен П. , Куралбаева А.А.
Published: October 2024

В cтатье рассматриваются усилия Казахстана по интеграции STEMобразования, включая математику, в национальную систему образования. В стране реализовано несколько инициатив, в том числе создание специализированных школ STEM, программ подготовки учителей и новой национальной учебной программы, в которой особое внимание уделяется преподаванию и изучению предметов STEM. Несмотря на многообещающие усилия, в реализации STEM-образования в Казахстане все еще есть проблемы, в том числе нехватка квалифицированных учителей и неравный доступ к ресурсам в некоторых частях страны. Чтобы изучить эффективность усилий страны, в статье используется литературный обзор, SWOT-анализ и статистическийанализ. В обзоре литературы рассматриваются предыдущие исследования по STEMобразованию и его влияние на академический и карьерный успех учащихся. Наконец, статистический анализ оценивает тенденции и модели использования STEM в математическом образовании на основе имеющихся данных. В исследовательском эссе делается вывод о том, что усилия Казахстана по реформированию своей системы образования и интеграции STEM-образования, включая математику, в его учебную программу, являются многообещающими. Однако необходимы постоянные усилия для решения таких проблем, как нехватка учителей и неравный доступ к ресурсам, чтобы обеспечить успех образования STEM в стране. Результаты этого исследования могут послужить ориентиром для политиков и педагогов в Казахстане и других странах, которые стремятся улучшить свою систему образования за счет интеграции предметов STEM.