bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interdecadal Changes in the Linkage Between North Pacific Oscillation During May and Northeast China Precipitation During Mid‐Summer: The Influence of North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Han Tingting , He Shengping , Zhou Botao , Li Shangfeng , Hao Xin
Published: November 2023

Many previous studies have documented the relationship between the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and the weather/climate of upstream and downstream regions. However, the stability of NPO precursor signals of East Asian summer precipitation, which is important for climate prediction, has received little attention. This study identified temporal variations in the connection between the May NPO and subsequent midsummer precipitation over Northeast China (NEC) during 1961–2020. During 1986–2010, the correlation between the May NPO and midsummer precipitation over NEC was found significantly positive, whereas the relation was found statistically insignificant during 1961–1985/2011–2020. Further results indicated that the NPO stimulated a Rossby wave source over the North Pacific that was stronger during 1986–2010 than during 1961–1985/2011–2020. The Rossby wave source anomalies shifted to North America and to the North Atlantic during the subsequent June and midsummer, respectively. Consequently, a teleconnection wave train, which originated over the North Pacific, propagated eastward to North America, across the North Atlantic, and on to East Asia on the subseasonal time scale, influencing midsummer precipitation over NEC through modulation of the atmospheric circulation (e.g., horizontal wind, moisture transport, and vertical movement). Moreover, the intensified Rossby wave anomalies associated with the May NPO were attributed to the strengthened NPO, which could be related to the enhanced standard deviation of SLP over the North Pacific. Additionally, the strengthened out‐of‐phase relation between the NPO and the North Atlantic Oscillation, resulting from changes in the background circulation, partially contributed to intensification of the Rossby wave train.
GPI: The Geoscientist Price Index
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: November 2023

So you want to be a geoscientist? Inspired by the Consumer Price Index, here’s what might be in your “market basket.”
Trace Element Geochemistry in North Pacific Red Clay Sediment Porewaters and Implications for Water‐Column Studies
Authors: Steiner Zvi , Antler Gilad , Berelson William M. , Crockford Peter W. , Dunlea Ann G. , Hou Yi , Adkins Jess F. , Turchyn Alexandra V. , Achterberg Eric P.
Published: November 2023

Geochemical analyses of trace elements in the ocean water column have suggested that pelagic clay‐rich sediments are a major source of various elements to bottom‐waters. However, corresponding high‐quality measurements of trace element concentrations in porewaters of pelagic clay‐rich sediments are scarce, making it difficult to evaluate the contributions from benthic processes to global oceanic cycles of trace elements. To bridge this gap, we analyzed porewater and bulk sediment concentrations of vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic, molybdenum, barium and uranium, as well as concentrations of the major oxidants nitrate, manganese, iron, and sulfate in the top 30 cm of cores collected along a transect from Hawaii to Alaska. The data show large increases in porewater concentrations of vanadium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, and arsenic within the top cm of the sediment, consistent with the release of these elements from remineralized organic matter. The sediments are a sink for sulfate, uranium, and molybdenum, even though conditions within the sampled top 30 cm remain aerobic. Porewater chromium concentrations generally increase with depth due to release from sediment particles. Extrapolated to the global aerial extent of pelagic clay sediment, the benthic fluxes in mol yr−1 are Ba 3.9 ± 3.6 × 109, Mn 3.4 ± 3.5 × 108, Co 2.6 ± 1.3 × 107, Ni 9.6 ± 8.6 × 108, Cu 4.6 ± 2.4 × 109, Cr 1.7 ± 1.1 × 108, As 6.1 ± 7.0 × 108, V 6.0 ± 2.5 × 109. With the exception of vanadium, calculated fluxes across the sediment–water interface are consistent with the variability in bottom‐water concentrations and ocean residence time of the studied elements.
Impact of the TAO/TRITON Array on Reanalyses and Predictions of the 2015 El Niño
Authors: Hackert Eric , Akella S. , Ren L. , Nakada K. , Carton J. A. , Molod A.
Published: November 2023

Starting in the early 1990's, the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO)/TRIangle Trans Ocean buoy Network (TRITON) array has been the pervasive source for observing large‐scale equatorial wave propagation which is key for El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictions. However, removal of western TRITON moorings, the plan to reorganize the array (i.e., TPOS 2020), and availability of other sources of in situ data (e.g., Argo) have highlighted the need to rigorously assess the impact of TAO/TRITON data on ENSO predictions. Therefore, we evaluate TAO/TRITON array using data denial assimilation experiments and assess the impact on coupled atmosphere/ocean predictions of the big 2015 El Niño. Validation of the CONTROL (assimilates all available data) and NOTAO (withholds TAO/TRITON data) reanalyses shows that assimilating TAO/TRITON data generally improves comparisons versus gridded and pointwise in situ observations. This is especially true across the entire basin above and in the eastern half of the Pacific just below the thermocline for temperature. Even with relatively few observations, salinity is generally improved except near 120°W near the surface. To evaluate the impact of TAO/TRITON data on ENSO initialization, seasonal forecasts were initialized from the CONTROL and NOTAO experiments. For the 9‐month forecasts which were initialized in January, July, and October 2015, both the amplitude and the accuracy of the ensembles initialized with TAO/TRITON data were closer to observations. Through the analysis of Kelvin and Rossby waves, we show that the impact of TAO/TRITON is to generally shoal the mixed layer depth, leading to amplification of the El Niño downwelling signal, and improving the amplitude of the ENSO signal.
Significant Impact of Reactive Chlorine on Complex Air Pollution Over the Yangtze River Delta Region, China
Authors: Yi Xin , Sarwar Golam , Bian Jinting , Huang Ling , Li Qinyi , Jiang Sen , Liu Hanqing , Wang Yangjun , Chen Hui , Wang Tao , Chen Jianmin , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso , Wong David C. , Li Li
Published: November 2023

The chlorine radical (Cl) plays a crucial role in the formation of secondary air pollutants by determining the total atmospheric oxidative capacity (AOC). However, there are still large discrepancies among studies on chlorine chemistry, mainly due to uncertainties from three aspects: (a) Anthropogenic emissions of reactive chlorine species from disinfectant usage are typically overlooked. (b) The heterogeneous reaction uptake coefficients used in air quality models resulted in certain differences. (c) The co‐effect of anthropogenic and natural emissions is rarely investigated. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)‐Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system (updated with 21 new reactions and a comprehensive emissions inventory) was used to simulate the combined impact of chlorine emissions on the air quality of a coastal city cluster in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. The results indicate that the new emissions of reactive chlorine and the updated gas‐phase and heterogeneous chlorine chemistry can significantly enhance the AOC by 21.3%, 8.7%, 43.3%, and 58.7% in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. This is more evident in inland areas with high Cl concentrations. Our updates to the chlorine chemistry also increases the monthly mean maximum daily 8‐hr average (MDA 8) O3 mixing ratio by 4.1–7.0 ppbv in different seasons. Additionally, chlorine chemistry promotes the formation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), with maximum monthly average enhancements of 4.7–13.3 μg/m3 in different seasons. This study underlines the significance of adding full chlorine emissions and updating chlorine chemistry in air quality models, and demonstrates that chlorine chemistry may significantly impact air quality over coastal regions.
Microcolin H, a novel autophagy inducer, exerts potent antitumour activity by targeting PITPα/β
Authors: Yang Hange , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Cong , Zhang Hailong , Yi Juan , Wang Kun , Hou Yanzhe , Ji Peihong , Jin Xiaojie , Li Chenghao , Zhang Min , Huang Shan , Jia Haoyuan , Hu Kuan , Mou Lingyun , Wang Rui
Published: November 2023

The identification of effective drug targets and the development of bioactive molecules are areas of high need in cancer therapy. The phosphatidylinositol transfer protein alpha/beta isoform (PITPα/β) has been reported to play an essential role in integrating phosphoinositide trafficking and lipid metabolism in diverse cellular processes but remains unexplored as a potential target for cancer treatment. Herein, data analysis of clinical cancer samples revealed that PITPα/β expression is closely correlated with the poor prognosis. Target identification by chemical proteomic methods revealed that microcolin H, a naturally occurring marine lipopeptide, directly binds PITPα/β and displays antiproliferative activity on different types of tumour cell lines. Furthermore, we identified that microcolin H treatment increased the conversion of LC3I to LC3II, accompanied by a reduction of the level of p62 in cancer cells, leading to autophagic cell death. Moreover, microcolin H showed preeminent antitumour efficacy in nude mouse subcutaneous tumour models with low toxicity. Our discoveries revealed that by targeting PITPα/β, microcolin H induced autophagic cell death in tumours with efficient anti-proliferating activity, which sheds light on PITPα/β as a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Effects of green light-emitting diode irradiation on hepatic differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells generated from human adipose-derived mesenchymal cells
Authors: Waki Yuhei , Saito Yu , Chen Shuhai , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Noma Takayuki , Teraoku Hiroki , Yamada Shinichiro , Morine Yuji , Shimada Mitsuo
Published: November 2023

Light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation has been used in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into a variety of cell types. This study investigated the effect of green LED (GLED) irradiation on the differentiation of adipocyte-derived mesenchymal cells into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) and the mechanism of its action. HLCs in the hepatocyte maturation phase were irradiated with GLED (520 nm, 21 W/m2, 5 min/day for 10 days). The cells were then assessed for expression of hepatocyte maturity genes and opsin 3 (OPN3), hepatocyte function, viability, apoptosis, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and calcium ions (Ca2+). GLED irradiation increased Alpha-1 antitrypsin and Ornithine transcarbamylase gene expression, promoted Cytochrome P450 3A4 activity and urea synthesis, and elevated intracellular ROS, ATP and Ca2+ levels. OPN3 expression was significantly more upregulated in GLED-irradiated HLCs than in the non-irradiated HLCs. No significant difference in cell viability or apoptosis was observed between GLED-irradiated and non-irradiated HLCs. GLED irradiation can promote hepatocyte maturation and functions through OPN3. GLED irradiation also stimulated mitochondrial function via Ca2+/ATP/ROS activation. GLED irradiation has potential to support cell-based transplantation in patients.
The power of one clean qubit in supervised machine learning
Authors: Karimi Mahsa , Javadi-Abhari Ali , Simon Christoph , Ghobadi Roohollah
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the potential benefits of quantum coherence and quantum discord in the non-universal quantum computing model called deterministic quantum computing with one qubit (DQC1) in supervised machine learning. We show that the DQC1 model can be leveraged to develop an efficient method for estimating complex kernel functions. We demonstrate a simple relationship between coherence consumption and the kernel function, a crucial element in machine learning. The paper presents an implementation of a binary classification problem on IBM hardware using the DQC1 model and analyzes the impact of quantum coherence and hardware noise. The advantage of our proposal lies in its utilization of quantum discord, which is more resilient to noise than entanglement.
Humoral and cellular immunity against different SARS-CoV-2 variants in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yap Desmond Yat-Hin , Fong Carol Ho-Yan , Zhang Xiaojuan , Ip Jonathan Daniel , Chan Wan-Mui , Chu Allen Wing-Ho , Chen Lin-Lei , Zhao Yan , Chan Brian Pui-Chun , Luk Kristine Shik , Cheng Vincent Chi-Chung , Chan Tak-Mao , To Kelvin Kai-Wang
Published: November 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at higher risk of severe COVID-19. Humoral and cellular immunity from prior infection or vaccination are important for protection, but the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response against SARS-CoV-2 variants is impaired. We investigated the variant-specific nAb and T cell immunity among CKD patients. Adult CKD patients were recruited between August and October 2022. nAb against the SARS-CoV-2 (ancestral strains and four Omicron sublineages) and T cell response were measured using the live virus neutralization assay and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). The correlation between nAb/T-cell response and subsequent infection after recruitment were also determined. Among the 88 recruited patients, 95.5% had prior infection or had completed the primary vaccine series. However, only 77.3% had detectable nAb against at least one SARS-CoV-2 strains, 59.1% tested positive in IGRA, and 52.3% had detectable nAb and tested positive in the IGRA. The nAb geometic mean titers (GMTs) against XBB.1, BA.5 and BA.2.3.20 were significantly lower than those against BA.2 and ancestral strain. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with elevated nAb and T cell response. More kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) showed absent nAb and T cell response (36.8% vs. 10.1%), despite a higher prevalence of vaccine booster in this population (94.7% vs. 50.7%). Lower levels of nAb titer and T cell response were significantly associated with subsequent infection. A considerable proportion of CKD patients, especially KTRs, showed absence of humoral and cellular protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Strategies to improve immunogenicity in this population are urgently needed.
Chitin degradation by Synechococcus WH7803
Authors: Capovilla Giovanna , Castro Kurt G. , Collani Silvio , Kearney Sean M. , Kehoe David M. , Chisholm Sallie W.
Published: November 2023

Chitin is an abundant, carbon-rich polymer in the marine environment. Chitinase activity has been detected in spent media of Synechococcus WH7803 cultures—yet it was unclear which specific enzymes were involved. Here we delivered a CRISPR tool into the cells via electroporation to generate loss-of-function mutants of putative candidates and identified ChiA as the enzyme required for the activity detected in the wild type.
The effects of a hydrolyzed protein diet on the plasma, fecal and urine metabolome in cats with chronic enteropathy
Authors: Kathrani Aarti , Yen Sandi , Hall Edward J. , Swann Jonathan R.
Published: November 2023

Hydrolyzed protein diets are extensively used to treat chronic enteropathy (CE) in cats. However, the biochemical effects of such a diet on feline CE have not been characterized. In this study an untargeted1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolomic approach was used to compare the urinary, plasma, and fecal metabolic phenotypes of cats with CE to control cats with no gastrointestinal signs recruited at the Royal Veterinary College (RVC). In addition, the biomolecular consequences of a hydrolyzed protein diet in cats with CE was also separately determined in cats recruited from the RVC (n = 16) and the University of Bristol (n = 24) and whether these responses differed between dietary responders and non-responders. Here, plasma metabolites related to energy and amino acid metabolism significantly varied between CE and control cats in the RVC cohort. The hydrolyzed protein diet modulated the urinary metabolome of cats with CE (p = 0.005) in both the RVC and Bristol cohort. In the RVC cohort, the urinary excretion of phenylacetylglutamine,p-cresyl-sulfate, creatinine and taurine at diagnosis was predictive of dietary response (p = 0.025) although this was not observed in the Bristol cohort. Conversely, in the Bristol cohort plasma betaine, glycerol, glutamine and alanine at diagnosis was predictive of outcome (p = 0.001), but these same results were not observed in the RVC cohort. The biochemical signature of feline CE in the RVC cohort was consistent with that identified in human and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. The hydrolyzed protein diet had the same effect on the urinary metabolome of cats with CE at both sites. However, biomarkers that were predictive of dietary response at diagnosis differed between the 2 sites. This may be due to differences in disease severity, disease heterogeneity, factors unrelated to the disease or small sample size at both sites. As such, further studies utilizing larger number of cats are needed to corroborate these findings.
Injectable kaempferol-loaded fibrin glue regulates the metabolic balance and inhibits inflammation in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Gao Wenshuo , Bao Jianhang , Zhang Yujun , He Du , Zhang Liangping , Zhang Jun , Pan Hao , Wang Dong
Published: November 2023

To construct an injectable fibrin glue system loaded with kaempferol (FG@F) to improve the bioavailability of kaempferol and observe its efficacy in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Kaempferol-loaded fibrin glue was first synthesized in advance. Subsequently, the materials were characterized by various experimental methods. Then, nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish a degenerative cell model, and the corresponding intervention treatment was conducted to observe the effect in vitro. Finally, the tail disc of rats was punctured to establish a model of IVDD, and the therapeutic effect of the material in vivo was observed after intervertebral disc injection. The FG@F system has good injectability, sustained release and biocompatibility. This treatment reduced the inflammatory response associated with IVDD and regulated matrix synthesis and degradation. Animal experimental results showed that the FG@F system can effectively improve needle puncture-induced IVDD in rats. The FG@F system has better efficacy than kaempferol or FG alone due to its slow release and mechanical properties. The drug delivery and biotherapy platform based on this functional system might also serve as an alternative therapy for IVDD.
Hydrothermal synthesis of a bimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived Co3O4/SnO2 composite as an effective material for ethanol detection
Authors: Mu Yang , Zhang Zhenkai , Yang Zhiguo , Yue Chen , Liu Zhenyue , Dastan Davoud , Yin Xi-Tao , Ma Xiaoguang
Published: November 2023

Hydrothermal syntheses were utilized to prepare bis-MOFs derived Co3O4/SnO2 composites with small particle size of about 6 nm and a response of 135 to 100 ppm concentration of ethanol. With excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility.
Dehydration of biological membranes in a non-condensing environment
Authors: Hernández-Galván G. , Mercado-Uribe H.
Published: November 2023

The study of the dehydration process in a cell membrane allows a better understanding of how water is bound to it.
Transient characteristics and sites of pre‐breakdown in spark conditioning for high‐voltage vacuum interrupter under power frequency voltage
Authors: Ma Hui , Du Yu , Shen Jingyu , Li Yuanzhao , Gao Yulong , Liu Zhiyuan , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan
Published: November 2023

The objective of this paper is to determine the transient characteristics and sites of the pre‐breakdown (pre‐BD) in the spark conditioning under power frequency voltage (PFV) in vacuum. A multi‐angle optical path system was designed and made the determination of the pre‐BD sites in spark conditioning possible, through one camera at two viewing angles. The experimental results indicate that, in the spark conditioning under PFV, the pre‐BDs continuously occurred at a random moment. Within several half‐waves, the number of the pre‐BDs could reach dozens of times, which was the key for the treatment of the electrode surface in conditioning. Under the application of PFV, the single pre‐BD occurred at a random moment, in which it would last for several microseconds and the peak value of the current would reach several amperes. Moreover, the pre‐BD sites randomly distributed in the surface of the electrode and almost covered the whole surface of the electrode. The pre‐BDs took place independently in both time and space, in which there should be no effect between each other of two sequential pre‐BDs. To sum up, the transient characteristics and the sites of the pre‐BDs determined in this paper could reveal the physical mechanism of the pre‐BD on the treatment of electrode surface in the conditioning process, which is quite significant to improve the BD voltage of vacuum interrupter.
Reconstructing Galactic magnetic fields from local measurements for backtracking ultra-high-energy cosmic rays
Authors: Tsouros Alexandros , Edenhofer Gordian , Enßlin Torsten , Mastorakis Michalis , Pavlidou Vasiliki
Published: November 2023

Context. Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are highly energetic charged particles with energies exceeding 1018eV. These energies are far greater than those achieved in Earth-bound accelerators, and identifying their sources and production mechanism can shed light on many open questions in both astrophysics and high-energy physics. However, due to the presence of the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) they are deflected, and hence the location of their true source on the plane of the sky (PoS) is concealed. The identification of UHECR sources is an open question, excacerbated by the large uncertainties in our current understanding of the three-dimensional structure of the GMF. This difficulty arises from the fact that currently all GMF observations are integrated along the line of sight (LoS). However, thanks to upcoming stellar optopolarimetric surveys as well asGaiadata on stellar parallaxes, we expect that local measurements of the GMF in the near future will become available.

Aims. Given such a set of (sparse) local GMF measurements, the question is how to optimally use them in backtracking UHECRs through the Galaxy. In this paper, we evaluate the reconstruction of the GMF, in a limited region of the Galaxy, through Bayesian inference, using principles of information field theory.

Methods. We employed methods of Bayesian statistical inference in order to estimate the posterior distribution of the GMF configuration within a certain region of the Galaxy from a set of sparse simulated local measurements. Given the energy, charge, and arrival direction of a UHECR, we could backtrack it through GMF configurations drawn from the posterior, and hence calculate the probability distribution of the true arrival directions on the PoS, by solving the equations of motion in each case.

Results. We show that, for a weakly turbulent GMF, it is possible to correct for its effect on the observed arrival direction of UHECRs to within ~3°. For completely turbulent fields, we show that our procedure can still be used to significantly improve our knowledge on the true arrival direction of UHECRs.
Comparative clustering analysis of Ca II 854.2 nm spectral profiles from simulations and observations
Authors: Moe Thore E. , Pereira Tiago M. D. , van der Voort Luc Rouppe , Carlsson Mats , Hansteen Viggo , Calvo Flavio , Leenaarts Jorrit
Published: November 2023

Context.Synthetic spectra from 3D models of the solar atmosphere have become increasingly successful at reproducing observations, but there are still some outstanding discrepancies for chromospheric spectral lines, such as CaIIand MgII, particularly regarding the width of the line cores. It has been demonstrated that using sufficiently high spatial resolution in the simulations significantly diminishes the differences in width between the mean spectra in observations and simulations, but a detailed investigation into how this impacts subgroups of individual profiles is currently lacking.

Aims.We compare and contrast the typical shapes of synthetic CaII854.2 nm spectra found in Bifrost simulations having different magnetic activity with the spectral shapes found in a quiet-Sun observation from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST).

Methods.We used clustering techniques to extract the typical CaII854.2 nm profile shapes synthesized from Bifrost simulations with varying amounts of magnetic activity. We degraded the synthetic profiles to observational conditions and repeated the clustering, and we compared our synthetic results with actual observations. Subsequently, we examined the atmospheric structures in our models for some select sets of clusters, with the intention of uncovering why they do or do not resemble actual observations.

Results.While the mean spectra for our high resolution simulations compare reasonably well with the observations, we find that there are considerable differences between the clusters of observed and synthetic intensity profiles, even after the synthetic profiles have been degraded to match observational conditions. The typical absorption profiles from the simulations are both narrower and display a steeper transition from the inner wings to the line core. Furthermore, even in our most quiescent simulation, we find a far larger fraction of profiles with local emission around the core, or other exotic profile shapes, than in the quiet-Sun observations. Looking into the atmospheric structure for a selected set of synthetic clusters, we find distinct differences in the temperature stratification for the clusters most and least similar to the observations. The narrow and steep profiles are associated with either weak gradients in temperature or temperatures rising to a local maximum in the line wing forming region before sinking to a minimum in the line core forming region. The profiles that display less steep transitions show extended temperature gradients that are steeper in the range−3 ≲ logτ5000≲ −1.
Learning Method Recommendation Based on VARK Model Using Certainty Factor Algorithm
Authors: Zantya Fawwas Izzu , Setianingsih Casi , Mentari Dirgantara Fussy , Cahya Saputra Ari , Novanti Ariana , Izzudin Islam Muhammad , Agustio  , Sulle Yusuf
Published: November 2023

In lecture activities, students are required to master several courses that have been determined based on their respective majors. In the learning process, students often have difficulty understanding lecture material. One factor is the mismatch between how students learn and the type of learning style of each student. It is important for each student to know their respective learning styles so that in the learning process can understand the material to the fullest. One way to find out the type of student learning style is with VARK modalities (Visual, Auditory, Read/Write, and Kinaesthetic). The VARK model classifies learning style types into four types. Everyone must have all four types of learning styles, but there must be one of the most dominant. By knowing the type of learning style, students can determine how to learn according to the type of learning style. This recommendation system is implemented using Certainty Factor algorithms involving the expertise of a psychologist in it, this system is built in the website platform. The system achieves an accuracy of 94.52%, so it is good enough to provide recommendations on how to learn properly for users.
N-Grams Modeling for Protein Secondary Structure Prediction: Exploring Local Features and Optimal CNN Parameters
Authors: Rizqiana Annisa , Afiahayati
Published: November 2023

This study explores the potential of n-gram modeling in protein secondary structure prediction. Experiments are conducted on three datasets using bigrams, trigrams, and a combination of the best n-grams with PSSM profiles. Optimal parameters for Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are investigated. Results indicate that bigrams outperform trigrams in Q8 accuracy. Adding another feature, that is, PSSM, can improve model performance. Deeper convolution layers and longer convolution sizes enhance accuracy. Both bigrams and trigrams demonstrate similar performance trends, with bigrams slightly more effective. The study offers insights into local feature extraction, which is n-grams for protein modeling. These findings contribute to protein structure analysis and bioinformatics advancements, facilitating improved protein function prediction.
Classification of finger pulse oximeter based on their response time using quantitative analysis
Authors: Khairunnisa Septia , Soesanti Indah , Listyarifah Dyah
Published: November 2023

The measurement of response time of pulse oximeter lacks standardized method and proper thresholds and alternative measurement methods are needed to minimize error and improve efficiency in calibration method of pulse oximeter due to the increasing number of pulse oximeter variations distributed due to the covid 19 pandemic. This study aims to measure the Response Time (RT) of a finger pulse oximeter with 6 different types of conditioning to determine the RT mean and standard deviation in order to classify the pulse oximeter based on their types. We evaluated the response time of 50 finger pulse oximeters (20 patient monitor type, 8 handheld type, and 22 fingertip type) using 6 saturation and desaturation conditioning methods with a SpO2 Simulator. Quantitative analysis used to determine the initial threshold value. From 50 pulse oximeters found the fastest response pulse oximeter are fingertip type with mean time are 9.71 seconds and the most stable of each conditioning pulse oximeter are patient monitor type with the average RT 3.47 seconds, and Handheld type are put in the middle. With the conclusion that Patient monitor type are classified in monitoring class, Handheld type are classified both in monitoring and diagnostic class and Fingertip both classified in diagnostic and preventive class.
Sequence Conservation Analysis and Gene Relationships of Nucleocapsid (N) Gene in Orthocoronavirinae Subfamily
Authors: Nugrahapraja Husna , Nugraha Adi , Fauzi Alidza
Published: November 2023

Coronavirus (CoV) is a virus that causes respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in animals and humans. It belongs to the Orthocoronavirina. The nucleocapsid protein (N) plays multiple roles in virus assembly, RNA transcription, and interaction with host cells. This study aimed to analyse the N protein by identifying conserved residues and exploring the gene and protein relationships within the Orthocoronavirinae. Therefore the results of this study are expected to help identify conserved regions of N protein in SARS-CoV-2 which can be used as probes for the virus identification process and can be used as target areas in vaccine development. We used 159 N gene and protein sequences, including 64 from Alpha, 51 from Beta-, 11 from Delta-, and 20 from Gammacoronavirus genera of the Orthocoronavirinae. Three sequences from Tobaniviridae were used as outgroups. Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) and phylogenetic tree analysis were performed using the neighbour-joining and Maximum Likelihood. The MSA results revealed several conserved residues, ranging from 18 to 41, were located in the N-terminal and Cterminal domains, the linker region, Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS), Nuclear Export Signal (NES) motifs, and Packing Signal (PS) binding sites. The phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus were closely related to Betacoronavirus, while Alfacoronavirus showed the most distant relationship. Furthermore, the study identified 23 conserved residues involved in RNA binding, including amino acids such as Ser89, Val111, Pro112, Gly124, Tyr125, Phe150, Tyr151, Gly154, Thr155, Gly156, Trp180, Val181, Gly409, Arg411, Asn419, Gly421, and Pro443. These residues interacted with phosphate groups, nitrogenous bases, and pentose sugars and exhibited non-specific interactions with RNA. In summary, this study investigated the N protein in the Orthocoronavirinae subfamily, providing insights into its function, structure, and evolutionary relationships.
A study of consumer behavior and willingness to pay towards cosmetic products of generation Z in Hochiminh city
Authors: Bich Tran Hien Thi , Duy Nguyen Phuong Ngoc , Vo Trung Quang , Nguyen Viet Nhu , Dieu Nguyen Thao Ho , Kristina Susi Ari , Endarti Dwi
Published: November 2023

The global cosmetics industry is experiencing robust growth and Generation Z (Gen Z) is a potential customer source of this market. This research examines customers’ intentions to purchase cosmetic goods of Gen Z in Hochiminh city using perceived value factors as the antecedents of attitude in the model. A cross-sectional study, applying a convenient sampling method, was conducted to collect data from Gen Z people in January 2023. There were no specific cosmetics products included in the study. Descriptive analysis and Partial Least Square (PLS) method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0.8.7 software were used to analyze the research data. The PLS-SEM analysis of 723 responses showed that attitudes toward purchasing cosmetic products are significantly positively impacted by perceived environmental value. A more positive attitude would result from increased brand credibility and product understanding of cosmetics. There was no evidence to support the impact of other perceived values (specifically, health, safety, social, spiritual, and ethical) on attitudes toward consumer behavior. Attitude was important in predicting willingness to pay (both direct and indirect). This study helps industry professionals to advance the qualities of cosmetic products by increasing and improving environmental value, product knowledge, and brand credibility. The eco-friendly pattern of production and marketing strategies focusing on product ingredients, manufacturing processes, and quality standards are necessary to enhance brand credibility and product understanding, align with consumer preferences and achieve greater success in the market.
Analytical Data for Electronic Medical Records in Primary Health Care
Authors: Yoki Sanjaya Guardian , Istiono Wahyudi , Verry Ricki Agustinus , Devi Emrianti R. , Adiyaksa Luckyarno Miftah , Arief Darmawan Mochammad , Afirda Prastika Nela
Published: November 2023

Digital health transformation encourages primary health facilities to implement electronic medical records (RME) that are interoperable according to standard medical classification and terminology. The standard RME also allows connecting to wearable devices for direct patient monitoring. An analytical approach to digital data has the potential to support clinical decision making for primary care physicians. This study aims to Strengthening primary care as a center for continuous patient care by using an analytical approach in the form of a dashboard.. This study uses a participatory action research approach in implementing RME in primary care. The 4 stages of action research were carried out by involving primary care physicians (dentists and general practitioners), medical records, nurses, pharmacists and electronic medical record developers. The trial implementation of RME and wearable devices was evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS). Structured RME data makes it easy to analyze and visualize in the form of a dashboard to support primary care management and monitor individual patient health status. The analytic features in RME that allow direct patient monitoring are perceived as useful for supporting continuous patient care. The use of data standards in clinical records such as ICPC, LOINC and SNOMED-CT makes it easier to achieve semantic interoperability including potential interoperability with portable medical devices.
The Economic Evaluation of HPV Vaccination as a Prevention of Non-Cervical Cancer Using Modelling Approaches: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hidayati Nur Rochmah , Endarti Dwi , Setiawan Didik
Published: November 2023

The cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for non-cervical cancer including anogenital cancers and head and neck cancers has been evaluated in many countries. This is important for the decision-makers in health policy as they have a limited budget for an enormous option of health technology. The objective of this study is to systematically review the health economic studies in order to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination for preventing non-cervical cancer including anogenital cancer and head and neck cancer. Approximately 496 articles were obtained from three databases (ProQuest: 430, Scopus: 40 and Pubmed: 29). The screening and selection of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The final articles were assessed by using the Consolidated Health Economics Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist. Based on the review of fifteen articles, most articles concluded that HPV vaccination was cost-effective compared with current standard care. One study showed that HPV vaccination may be cost-effective if only the price is lowered. HPV vaccination is considerably a cost-effective solution to prevent non-cervical cancer based on the studies conducted in many countries particularly the ones with high income.
On the shape of small liquid drops minimizing nonlocal energies
Authors: Bessas Konstantinos , Novaga Matteo , Onoue Fumihiko
Published: November 2023

We study the equilibrium shape of liquid drops minimizing the fractional perimeter under the action of a potential energy. We prove, with a quantitative estimate, that the small volume minimizers are convex and uniformly close to a ball.
Mass concentration for Ergodic Choquard Mean-Field Games
Authors: Bernardini Chiara
Published: November 2023

We study concentration phenomena in the vanishing viscosity limit for second-order stationary Mean-Field Games systems defined in the whole space RN with Riesz-type aggregating coupling and external confining potential. In this setting, every player of the game is attracted toward congested areas and the external potential discourages agents to be far away from the origin. Assuming some restrictions on the strength of the attractive nonlocal term depending on the growth of the Hamiltonian, we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions in the vanishing viscosity limit. First, we obtain existence of classical solutions to potential-free MFG systems with Riesz-type coupling. Secondly, we prove concentration of mass around minima of the potential.
Developing a resilient supply chain in complex product systems through investment in reliability and cooperative contracts
Authors: Gheidar-kheljani Jafar , Halat Kourosh
Published: November 2023

In recent years, finding mitigation strategies for supply chain disruptions has become one of the most critical challenges for businesses. This issue is crucial for complex product industries because of their role in the modern economy, few suppliers, and their need for high investment in research and development (R&D). This paper studies a resilient supply chain in complex product systems to overcome its specific challenges through supplier reliability enhancement and cooperative contracts. Utilising a game theoretic approach and analytical models, this paper aims to improve the supply chain performance from the resilience perspective while considering R&D investment, supplier learning effect, buyer fairness concern, and market sensitivity to the product’s technology. Investment in supplier reliability enhancement with different contracts is proposed to mitigate disruption risks for a two-echelon supply chain. Analytical mathematical models have been developed, and a simulation approach has been used in optimisation. The results show how proposed contracts effectively increase supply chain performance from financial and resilience perspectives. Moreover, the market sensitivity to the product’s technological level and the sensitivity to the price could adversely affect performance. The buyer’s fairness concern also improves the profit loss while decreasing the service level slightly.
Frühes Mammakarzinom
Authors: Pömmerl Mascha
Published: November 2023

Seit dem Jahr 2022 können auch beim frühen Mammakarzinom die Immuntherapie mit Pembrolizumab und die zielgerichtete Therapie mit Olaparib eingesetzt werden. Im Gegensatz zur metastasierten Situation spielt die PD-L1-Expression bei Patient*innen mit einem frühen triple-negativen Mammakarzinom (TNBC) als Biomarker für die Immuntherapie keine Rolle. Bei Patient*innen mit einem frühen HER2-negativen (HER–) Mammakarzinom und nachgewiesener BRCA1/2-Keimbahnmutation kann Olaparib eingesetzt werden.
Thoraxchirurgie
Authors: Röhmig Conny
Published: November 2023

Robotische Operationen setzen sich in der Thoraxchirurgie immer weiter durch. Während sie in der Mediastinal- und Zwerchfellchirurgie bereits zu den etablierten Verfahren zählen, werden auf dem Gebiet der pulmonalen Eingriffe noch weiter Erfahrungswerte gesammelt. Doch auch hier zeichnen sich die Vorteile bereits ab. Sie lauten: präziseres Operieren, kürzere Verweildauer, geringere Komplikationsraten.
High-bandwidth density silicon photonic resonators for energy-efficient optical interconnects
Authors: Novick A. , James A. , Dai L. Y. , Wu Z. , Rizzo A. , Wang S. , Wang Y. , Hattink M. , Gopal V. , Jang K. , Parsons R. , Bergman K.
Published: November 2023

The growth of artificial intelligence applications demands ever larger and more complex deep learning models, dominating today's—and tomorrow's—data center and high-performance computing systems. While traditional electronics are failing to keep pace with application demands, silicon photonic (SiPh) interconnects have emerged as a necessary technology to support these systems. SiPh-driven wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) offers a particularly promising path toward supporting incredibly high-aggregate link bandwidth in a compact and efficient form factor. One of the basic building blocks of these integrated WDM interconnects is the SiPh resonator. Their inherent wavelength selectivity and compact footprint allow for efficient data transmission multiplexed across dozens of carrier wavelengths. Used as add-drop (AD) filters, SiPh resonators are critical to constructing integrated tunable wavelength-selective optical circuit switches as well as for demultiplexing the different carrier wavelengths toward independent wavelength-insensitive photodiodes in a dense wavelength-division multiplexing receiver. Resonators in the all-pass (AP) configuration are widespread as well, allowing for wavelength-selective modulation to drive aggregate link bandwidths far beyond the individual channel data rate. Unlike SiPh Mach–Zehnder modulators (MZM), resonant modulators can be driven using low, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor drive voltages, allowing for tight co-integration between photonic integrated circuits, fabricated with larger process node technologies, and electronic integrated circuits, designed to exploit the advantages of the latest node. To push toward practical peta-scale interconnects, a comprehensive review of SiPh resonators is required, addressing bottlenecks and design constraints at both the architecture and device levels. We first describe the predominant integrated link architectures and identify their limits. We then discuss the device-level design considerations that can be made for both AD and AP configuration resonators to overcome the system level limits with novel resonator device designs. Analytical models and numerical simulation of resonators are validated by experimental measurement of devices fabricated in a commercial 300-mm foundry, showing a clear path toward volume manufacturing. The demonstrated resonant modulators and filters support the feasibility of increasing the aggregate bandwidth of resonator-driven SiPh interconnects into the peta-scale regime.
Boosting underwater germination in Echinochloa colona seeds: the impact of high amplitude alternating temperatures and potassium nitrate osmopriming
Authors: Echeverry Holguín Juliana , Crepy María , Striker Gustavo G. , Mollard Federico P. O.
Published: November 2023

Underwater germination could risk seedling survival, suggesting the need for control through seed perception of environmental cues. These cues include diurnally alternating temperatures tied to drained soils or shallow water tables. We examined high-amplitude alternating temperatures impact on underwater germination. Besides, the conditions experimented by seeds in the soil (e.g. hydration/dehydration phases) change their germinability so we tested if osmopriming could affect underwater germination. We worked with Echinochloa colona seedlots from extensive crop fields, exposing seeds to sequential submergence and drained treatments in combination with cues that promote germination. While a 10°C difference between maximum and minimum daily temperatures maximised germination in drained conditions, higher amplitudes (>15°C) alternating temperatures promoted E. colona underwater germination under hypoxic water (pO2 < 4.1 kPa). KNO3 osmopriming in drained conditions promoted later underwater germination even under hypoxic water; however, PEG 6000 osmopriming induced seeds to enter secondary dormancy inhibiting underwater germination. KNO3 improved E. colona underwater germination under air-equilibrated floodwater (pO2: 16.5–17.4 kPa) yet not under hypoxic conditions. This suggests that germination can proceed in flooded nitrate-fertile soils as long as it remains aerobic. Hypoxic submergence did not inhibit the induction of hypersensitivity to light in E. colona seeds. This research expands our understanding of wetland seed germination ecophysiology, shedding light on the inducible nature of underwater germination in hydrophyte weeds.
TORC pathway intersects with a calcium sensor kinase network to regulate potassium sensing in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Kun-Lun , Xue Hui , Tang Ren-Jie , Luan Sheng
Published: November 2023

Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth, and its availability in the soil varies widely, requiring plants to respond and adapt to the changing K nutrient status. We show here that plant growth rate is closely correlated with K status in the medium, and this K-dependent growth is mediated by the highly conserved nutrient sensor, target of rapamycin (TOR). Further study connected the TOR complex (TORC) pathway with a low-K response signaling network consisting of calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL) and CBL-interacting kinases (CIPK). Under high K conditions, TORC is rapidly activated and shut down the CBL–CIPK low-K response pathway through regulatory-associated protein of TOR (RAPTOR)–CIPK interaction. In contrast, low-K status activates CBL–CIPK modules that in turn inhibit TORC by phosphorylating RAPTOR, leading to dissociation and thus inactivation of the TORC. The reciprocal regulation of the TORC and CBL–CIPK modules orchestrates plant response and adaptation to K nutrient status in the environment.