bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SGLT2i improves kidney senescence by down‐regulating the expression of LTBP2 in SAMP8 mice
Authors: Zeng Lu , Li Jie , Gao Fanfan , Song Yangyang , Wei Limin , Qu Ning , Chen Shengnan , Zhao Xue , Lei Zitong , Cao Wenya , Chen Lei , Jiang Hongli
Published: March 2024

Senescent kidney can lead to the maladaptive repairment and predispose age‐related kidney diseases. Here, we explore the renal anti‐senescence effect of a known kind of drug, sodium‐dependent glucose transporters 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i). After 4 months intragastrically administration with dapagliflozin on senescence‐accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) strain mice, the physiologically effects (lowering urine protein, enhancing glomerular blood perfusion, inhibiting expression of senescence‐related biomarkers) and structural changes (improving kidney atrophy, alleviating fibrosis, decreasing glomerular mesangial proliferation) indicate the potential value of delaying kidney senescence of SGLT2i. Senescent human proximal tubular epithelial (HK‐2) cells induced by H2O2 also exhibit lower senescent markers after dapagliflozin treatment. Further mechanism exploration suggests LTBP2 have the great possibility to be the target for SGLT2i to exert its renal anti‐senescence role. Dapagliflozin down‐regulate the LTBP2 expression in kidney tissues and HK‐2 cells with senescent phenotypes. Immunofluorescence staining show SGLT2 and LTBP2 exist colocalization, and protein‐docking analysis implies there is salt‐bridge formation between them; these all indicate the possibility of weak‐interaction between the two proteins. Apart from reducing LTBP2 expression in intracellular area induced by H2O2, dapagliflozin also decrease the concentration of LTBP2 in cell culture medium. Together, these results reveal dapagliflozin can delay natural kidney senescence in non‐diabetes environment; the mechanism may be through regulating the role of LTBP2.
First evidence of prickly shark, Echinorhinus cookei Pietschmann 1928, aggregation on seamounts in the eastern Pacific, Panama
Authors: Guzman Hector M. , Real Candy K. , Kaiser Stefanie
Published: March 2024

In May 2022, twelve prickly sharks, Echinorhinus cookei Pietschmann 1928, were sighted at 151–350 m depth in the Cordillera de Coiba seamounts, Pacific Panama. This discovery expands our knowledge of the distribution and habitat use of this rare deep‐sea species. It underscores the potential significance of the Cordillera de Coiba seamounts, an offshore marine protected area, as a critical habitat for E. cookei, a species threatened by commercial fishing. Although unverified reports exist on its presence in the tropical eastern Pacific, this publication represents the first documented record of live specimens of E. cookei in Panama.
Impact of pulsed electric fields on membrane disintegration, drying, and osmotic dehydration of foods
Authors: Rahaman Abdul , Mishra Awdhesh Kumar , Kumari Ankita , Farooq Mohammad Adil , Alee Mahafooj , Khalifa Ibrahim , Siddeeg Azhari , Zeng Xin‐An , Singh Narpinder
Published: March 2024

Drying is one of the oldest and most conventional methods used to preserve foods. Unique traditional methods have been applied for the drying of plant‐based food products. However, the disadvantage of this approach is the low drying rate, high energy, and processing costs accompanied by the loss of nutritional quality in food products. As a substitute, pulsed electric field (PEF) is a modern and promising technique that has various advantages over thermal treatments. Nowadays, it has become an area of innovation to meet increasing industrial demands. Application of PEF during drying and osmotic dehydration has beneficial impacts on the extension of shelf‐life, increases in storage stability, and improvement of nutritional quality. Upscaling the use of PEF from laboratory to industrial scale while maintaining productivity is an area for further research and development. The aim of this commentary review is to give an overview of a newly proposed PEF process, which improves drying rate, mass‐energy transfer, retention of bioactive compounds, and osmotic dehydration in food. PEF processing led to achieving the innovative development of a wide range of foods and was extended to solve environmental issues. Drying food products is the most promising area in the food industry which needs improvement in terms of achieving energy efficiency and cost‐effectiveness to dry food products with the maintenance of nutritional properties to adequate levels. In this regard, PEF could be a suitable and novel drying method to overcome the limitations of conventional drying methods which might open new horizons for valuable research in manufacturing dried fruits and vegetables on an industrial scale.
How do New Ventures Thrive in Ecosystem Venturing: The Impacts of Alliance Strategy and Technology Interdependence
Authors: Chen Xiafei , Yang Yi , Wei Jiang
Published: March 2024

New ventures in an innovation ecosystem can not only receive benefits, but also face challenges. It is important to examine defence mechanisms that new ventures can employ for their healthy development in the innovation ecosystem. Based on resource dependence theory, combining with arguments from innovation ecosystems literature, this paper proposes that new ventures’ technological alliances with core competitors of ecosystem investors can be used as a social defence in ecosystem venturing. Furthermore, we investigate the moderator effects of technological interdependence – technological similarity and technological complementarity on the impacts of such a defence mechanism. Using longitudinal information of 4903 investor‐investee dyads in ecosystem venturing, we find that (1) technological alliances with core competitors of the ecosystem investor has a positive relationship to venture performance, and (2) such relationship is negatively moderated by technological complementarity. Our findings provide important implications for research on innovation ecosystems and resource dependence theory.
Proactive case finding of alcohol‐related liver disease in high‐risk populations: A systematic review
Authors: Archer Ann J. , Phillips Jennifer , Subhani Mohsan , Ward Zoe , Gordon Fiona H. , Hickman Matthew , Dhanda Ashwin D. , Abeysekera Kushala W. M.
Published: March 2024

Background

Alcohol‐related liver disease (ARLD) is often diagnosed at a late stage when mortality is unacceptably high. Earlier identification of ARLD may lead to reduced alcohol intake, participation in hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance and reduction in liver‐related morbidity and mortality. People with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are at highest risk of ARLD. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the yield of proactive screening for ARLD amongst high‐risk groups.

Methods

Embase, Medline, Scopus and grey literature were searched for studies describing proactive assessment for alcohol‐related liver disease in people with a history of alcohol excess or diagnosed AUD. Outcomes of interest were fibrosis and cirrhosis detection rates, clinical outcomes, portal hypertension evaluation, attendance at follow‐up and cost‐effectiveness.

Results

Fifteen studies were identified for inclusion from 1115 returned by the search. Four key settings for patient engagement were identified as inpatient addiction services, outpatient addiction services, general acute hospital admissions and community outreach. Of these, acute hospital admissions were the highest yield for cirrhosis at 10.8%–29.6% and community outreach the lowest was 1.2%–2.3%.

Conclusions

Targeted fibrosis assessment of high‐risk populations for ARLD is feasible to conduct and identifies a proportion of patients at risk of advanced liver disease. The highest yield is amongst inpatients admitted with AUD. Prospective work is needed to establish which are the most effective and acceptable screening methods and the impact on long‐term outcomes.
The role of thermodiffusion in transpiration
Authors: Griffani Danielle S. , Rognon Pierre , Farquhar Graham D.
Published: March 2024

Plant leaf temperatures can differ from ambient air temperatures. A temperature gradient in a gas mixture gives rise to a phenomenon known as thermodiffusion, which operates in addition to ordinary diffusion. Whilst transpiration is generally understood to be driven solely by the ordinary diffusion of water vapour along a concentration gradient, we consider the implications of thermodiffusion for transpiration.

We develop a new modelling framework that introduces the effects of thermodiffusion on the transpiration rate, E.

By applying this framework, we quantify the proportion of E attributable to thermodiffusion for a set of physiological and environmental conditions, varied over a wide range.

Thermodiffusion is found to be most significant (in some cases > 30% of E) when a leaf‐to‐air temperature difference coincides with a relatively small water vapour concentration difference across the boundary layer; a boundary layer conductance that is large as compared to the stomatal conductance; or a relatively low transpiration rate. Thermodiffusion also alters the conditions required for the onset of reverse transpiration, and the rate at which this water vapour uptake occurs.
MiR‐200c‐3p as a novel genetic marker and therapeutic tool for alopecia areata
Authors: AbdElneam Ahmed Ibrahim , Al‐Dhubaibi Mohammed Saleh , Bahaj Saleh Salem , Alhetheli Ghadah
Published: March 2024

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression in diverse biological processes. They hold promise as therapeutic candidates for targeting human disease pathways, although our understanding of their gene regulatory mechanism remains incomplete. Alopecia areata (AA) is a prevalent inflammatory ailment distinguished by the infiltration of T cells targeting the anagen‐stage hair follicles. The scarcity of effective remedies for AA may stem from limited understanding regarding its precise cellular mechanism.

Aim

To investigate and examine the importance and role of the miR‐200c‐3p as a genetic indicator for AA, and its possible impact on disease progression.

Subjects and methods

Case‐control study included 65 patients with AA and 65 matched healthy controls. A real‐time PCR technique was used to measure the expression of miR‐200c‐3p for both groups. Bioinformatic tools were used for prediction with genes and gene‐gene interaction, and protein‐protein interaction.

Results

The expression levels of miR‐200c‐3p were significantly higher in AA patients than in healthy controls. We predicted that miR‐200c‐3p plays a markable role in the development of AA by its effect on the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance pathway.

Conclusion

We were able to identify the influence of miR‐200c‐3p on both PLCG1 and RPS6KP1 genes which in turn regulate the EGFR tyrosine kinases resistance pathway that displayed the most substantial increase in activity. Our outcomes shed light on the era of the potential theranostic role of this innovative miRNA in AA.
The Interaction of Mode and Psalmody in Glarean's Circle
Authors: Posen Thomas William
Published: March 2024

After summarizing Heinrich Glarean's twelve modes, Johannes Mattheson explained in his Neu-Eröffnete Orchestre (1713) that modern Italian composers used a different set of four major and four minor keys.The origin of these eight keys is complicated by modal systems in the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and the ways theorists reconciled those systems with Gregorian psalmody. This article aims to untangle what Harold Powers (1998) called "confusions in the interface" between modal theory with Gregorian psalmody by illuminating how Glarean and his immediate
predecessors resolved contradictions in these systems in the sixteenth century. Section One outlines the relationship between psalmody and early modal systems in the ninth to eleventh centuries. Section Two traces how the interface between psalmody and mode changed in three early sixteenth-century
treatises written by Glarean's predecessors, Nicolaus Wollick and Johannes Cochlaeus. Section Three explores how Glarean recognized and accounted for these changes in his Isagoge in musicen (1516), Dodecachordon (1547), and Musicae epitome (1557). Section Four highlights
how an improved understanding of the interaction between mode and psalmody in the sixteenth century influences how we understand similar tensions in the seven teenth century.
Chopin's Etude in A Minor, Op.10 No.2: A Schenkerian–Schoenbergian Analysis
Authors: Väisälä Olli
Published: March 2024

This analysis of Chopin's Etude in A Minor, Op.10 No. 2, consists of two interrelated parts. First, I discuss the voice-leading structure from a Schenkerian perspective, citing previous analyses by Schenker and Laufer and showing how they can be improved by a careful consideration of
the work's design, in combination with meter and dissonance treatment. I also entertain some more general ideas about the compositional expression and analytical derivation of Schenkerian structures. The second part takes its cue from Carl Schachter's observation about a characteris
tic dissonance between the chromatic figuration and the A-minor accompaniment – a Schoenbergian rather than Schenkerian consideration. Following Schoenberg, I analyze the "idea of the composition" as being based on the problem posed by such dissonances and its subsequent elaboration
and solution. In the middle section, the problem is elabo rated by giving the disruptive chromatic notes competing roles in harmony; the solution is ultimately achieved by integrating them into two augmented sixths that decisively re solve to IV and V. The two approaches are interrelated,
as the Schenkerian voice-leading analysis reveals motivic enlargements of the opening chromatic figures, which inform the elaboration of the "Schoenbergian" problem; this concept, in turn, illuminates the compositional moti vation behind the voice-leading progressions.
PIEZO ion channels: force sensors of the interoceptive nervous system
Authors: Hamed Yasmeen M. F. , Ghosh Britya , Marshall Kara L.
Published: March 2024

Many organs are designed to move: the heart pumps each second, the gastrointestinal tract squeezes and churns to digest food, and we contract and relax skeletal muscles to move our bodies. Sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system detect signals from bodily tissues, including the forces generated by these movements, to control physiology. The processing of these internal signals is called interoception, but this is a broad term that includes a wide variety of both chemical and mechanical sensory processes. Mechanical senses are understudied, but rapid progress has been made in the last decade, thanks in part to the discovery of the mechanosensory PIEZO ion channels (Coste et al., 2010). The role of these mechanosensors within the interoceptive nervous system is the focus of this review. In defining the transduction molecules that govern mechanical interoception, we will have a better grasp of how these signals drive physiology.

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A Semi-Analytical Rate-Transient Analysis Model for Fractured Horizontal Well in Tight Reservoirs Under Multiphase Flow Conditions
Authors: Tian Jianquan , Yuan Bin , Li Jinchang , Zhang Wei , Ghanbarnezhad Moghanloo Rouzbeh
Published: March 2024

Rate-transient analysis (RTA) has been widely applied to extract reservoir/fracture properties using analytical and semi-analytical methods with simplifying assumptions. However, current RTA models may lead to misdiagnosis of flow regimes and incorrect estimates of reservoir/fracture information when complex fracture networks, multiphase flow, and pressure-dependent properties occur in tight reservoirs simultaneously. A semi-analytical model is developed to account for multiphase flow, complex fracture networks, and pressure-dependent properties. The technique uses the black oil formulation and butterfly model to determine three nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) that describe the flow of oil, gas, and water in the reservoir with a complex fracture network. A modified Boltzmann variable considering the heterogeneity of the complex fracture network is proposed to convert the fluid flow PDEs to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that can be solved through the Runge–Kutta method. A new rate-transient analysis workflow is also developed to improve flow regime identification (ID) and the accuracy of tight oil reservoirs with complex fracture networks. It is applied to a synthetic case with an equivalently modeled complex fracture network and multiphase flow. The estimated fracture properties are in excellent agreement with model inputs.
Trehalose Improved 20-min Cycling Time-Trial Performance After 100-min Cycling in Amateur Cyclists
Authors: de Oliveira Nathan Gobbi , de Oliveira Luana Farias , da Silva Rafael Pires , Oliveira Tamires Nunes , Möller Gabriella Berwig , Murasaki Juliana , Ramires Manoel Antônio , Azevedo Rafael de Almeida , Artioli Guilherme Giannini , Roschel Hamilton , Gualano Bruno , Saunders Bryan
Published: March 2024

Carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation during endurance exercise can improve performance. However, it is unclear whether low glycemic index (GI) CHO leads to differential ergogenic and metabolic effects compared with a standard high GI CHO. This study investigated the ergogenic and metabolic effects of CHO supplementation with distinct GIs, namely, (a) trehalose (30 g/hr), (b) isomaltulose (30 g/hr), (c) maltodextrin (60 g/hr), and (d) placebo (water). In this double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced, placebo-controlled study, 13 male cyclists cycled a total of 100 min at varied exercise intensity (i.e., 10-min stages at 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 W/kg; repeated three times plus two 5-min stages at 1.0 W/kg before and after the protocol), followed by a 20-min time trial on four separated occasions. Blood glucose and lactate (every 20 min), heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion were collected throughout, and muscle biopsies were taken before and immediately after exercise. The results showed that trehalose improved time-trial performance compared with placebo (total work done 302 ± 39 vs. 287 ± 48 kJ; p = .01), with no other differences between sessions (all p ≥ .07). Throughout the 100-min protocol, blood glucose was higher with maltodextrin compared with the other supplements at all time points (all p < .05). Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, muscle glycogen content, blood glucose, and lactate were not different between conditions when considering the 20-min time trial (all p > .05). Trehalose supplementation throughout endurance exercise improved cycling performance and appears to be an appropriate CHO source for exercise tasks up to 2 hr. No ergogenic superiority between the different types of CHO was established.
Plantar Flexor Muscle Activity and Fascicle Behavior in Gastrocnemius Medialis During Running in Highly Cushioned Shoes With Carbon-Fiber Plates
Authors: Hata Keiichiro , Hamamura Yuta , Noro Hiroaki , Yamazaki Yohei , Nagato Shunsuke , Kanosue Kazuyuki , Yanagiya Toshio
Published: March 2024

The purposes of this study were to clarify the electromyography (EMG) of plantar flexors and to analyze the fascicle and tendon behaviors of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) during running in the carbon-fiber plate embedded in thicker midsole racing shoes, such as the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly (VF) and traditional racing shoes (TRAD). We compared the fascicle and series elastic element behavior of the GM and EMG of the lower limb muscles during running (14 km/h, 45 s) in athletes wearing VF or TRAD. GM EMGs in the push-off phase were approximately 50% lower in athletes wearing VF than in TRAD. Although the series elastic element behavior and/or mean fascicle-shortening velocity during the entire stance phase were not significantly different between VF and TRAD, a significant difference was found in both the mean EMG and integral EMG of the GM during the push-off phase. EMG of the gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) during the first half of the push-off phase was significantly different between VF and TRAD. Present results suggest that VF facilitates running propulsion, resulting in a decrease in GM and GL EMGs at a given running velocity during the push-off phase, leading to a reduction in metabolic cost.
Activation of CGRP receptor–mediated signaling promotes tendon-bone healing
Authors: Zhao Xibang , Wu Guanfu , Zhang Jing , Yu Ziyi , Wang Jiali
Published: March 2024

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), an osteopromotive neurotransmitter with a short half-life, shows increase while calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL) level is decreased at the early stage in bone fractures. Therefore, the activation of CALCRL-mediated signaling may be more critical to promote the tendon-bone healing. We found CGRP enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through PKA/CREB/JUNB pathway, contributing to improved sonic hedgehog (SHH) expression, which was verified at the tendon-bone interface (TBI) in the mice with
Calcrl
overexpression. The osteoblast-derived SHH and slit guidance ligand 3 were reported to favor nerve regeneration and type H (CD31
hi
EMCN
hi
) vessel formation, respectively. Encouragingly, the activation or inactivation of CALCRL-mediated signaling significantly increased or decreased intensity of type H vessel and nerve fiber at the TBI, respectively. Simultaneously, improved gait characteristics and biomechanical performance were observed in the
Calcrl
overexpression group. Together, the gene therapy targeting CGRP receptor may be a therapeutic strategy in sports medicine.
Stable and ultralong room-temperature phosphorescent copolymers with excellent adhesion, resistance, and toughness
Authors: Miao Yiling , Lin Faxu , Guo Danman , Chen Jinzheng , Zhang Kaimin , Wu Tongfei , Huang Huahua , Chi Zhenguo , Yang Zhiyong
Published: March 2024

Developing stable room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emission without being affected by moisture and mechanical force remains a great challenge for purely organic systems, due to their triplet states sensitive to the infinitesimal motion of phosphors and the oxygen quencher. We report a kind of highly robust phosphorescent systems, by doping a rigid phosphor into a copolymer (polyvinyl butyral resin) matrix with a balance of mutually exclusive features, including a rigidly hydrophilic hydrogen bond network and elastically hydrophobic constituent. Impressively, these RTP polymeric films have superior adhesive ability on various surfaces and showed reversible photoactivated RTP with lifetimes up to 5.82 seconds, which can be used as in situ modulated anticounterfeit labels. They can maintain a bright afterglow for over 25.0 seconds under various practical conditions, such as storage in refrigerators, soaking in natural water for a month, or even being subjected to strong collisions and impacts. These findings provide deep insights for developing stable ultralong RTP materials with desirable comprehensive performance.
Outlook and opportunities for engineered environments of breast cancer dormancy
Authors: Richbourg Nathan R. , Irakoze Ninette , Kim Hyuna , Peyton Shelly R.
Published: March 2024

Dormant, disseminated breast cancer cells resist treatment and may relapse into malignant metastases after decades of quiescence. Identifying how and why these dormant breast cancer cells are triggered into outgrowth is a key unsolved step in treating latent, metastatic breast cancer. However, our understanding of breast cancer dormancy in vivo is limited by technical challenges and ethical concerns with triggering the activation of dormant breast cancer. In vitro models avoid many of these challenges by simulating breast cancer dormancy and activation in well-controlled, bench-top conditions, creating opportunities for fundamental insights into breast cancer biology that complement what can be achieved through animal and clinical studies. In this review, we address clinical and preclinical approaches to treating breast cancer dormancy, how precisely controlled artificial environments reveal key interactions that regulate breast cancer dormancy, and how future generations of biomaterials could answer further questions about breast cancer dormancy.
Functional analysis of feedback inhibition-insensitive aspartate kinase identified in a threonine-accumulating mutant of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Isogai Shota , Nishimura Akira , Inoue Akiko , Sonohara Shino , Tsugukuni Takashi , Okada Tomoyuki , Takagi Hiroshi
Published: March 2024

Humans and mammals need to ingest essential amino acids (EAAs) for protein synthesis. In addition to their importance as nutrients, EAAs are involved in brain homeostasis. However, elderly people are unable to efficiently consume EAAs from their daily diet due to reduced appetite and variations in the contents of EAAs in foods. On the other hand, strains of the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
that accumulate EAAs would enable elderly people to intakegest adequate amounts of EAAs and thus might slow down the neurodegenerative process, contributing to the extension of their healthy lifespan. In this study, we isolated a mutant (strain HNV-5) that accumulates threonine, an EAA, derived from a diploid laboratory yeast by conventional mutagenesis. Strain HNV-5 carries a novel mutation in the
HOM3
gene encoding the Ala462Thr variant of aspartate kinase (AK). Enzymatic analysis revealed that the Ala462Thr substitution significantly decreased the sensitivity of AK activity to threonine feedback inhibition even in the presence of 50 mM threonine. Interestingly, Ala462Thr substitution did not affect the catalytic ability of Hom3, in contrast to previously reported amino acid substitutions that resulted in reduced sensitivity to threonine feedback inhibition. Furthermore, yeast cells expressing the Ala462Thr variant showed an approximately threefold increase in intracellular threonine content compared to that of the wild-type Hom3. These findings will be useful for the development of threonine-accumulating yeast strains that may improve the quality of life in elderly people.

IMPORTANCE

For humans and mammals, essential amino acids (EAAs) play an important role in maintaining brain function. Therefore, increasing the intake of EAAs by using strains of the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
that accumulate EAAs may inhibit neurodegeneration in elderly people and thus contribute to extending healthy lifespan and improving their quality of life. Threonine, an EAA, is synthesized from aspartate. Aspartate kinase (AK) catalyzes the first step in threonine biosynthesis and is subject to allosteric regulation by threonine. Here, we isolated a threonine-accumulating mutant of
S. cerevisiae
by conventional mutagenesis and identified a mutant gene encoding a novel variant of AK. In contrast to previously isolated variants, the Hom3 variant exhibited AK activity that was insensitive to feedback inhibition by threonine but retained its catalytic ability. This resulted in increased production of threonine in yeast. These findings open up the possibility for the rational design of AK to increase threonine productivity in yeast.
Draft genome sequence of
Vibrio diabolicus
isolated from the starlet sea anemone
Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Krueger Quinton , Reitzel Adam
Published: March 2024

Nematostella vectensis
has grown as a model organism for investigating host–bacteria interactions. Here, we report the full genome of
Vibrio diabolicus
NVE-VD1, an isolate from
N. vectensis
from the South Carolina Baruch Estuarine Reserve.
Isolation and genomic characterization of S
taphylococcus aureus
bacteriophages from Chennai, India
Authors: Deepak Shankaregowdanakopalu Jagadeesh , Kannan Porteen , Savariraj Wilfred Ruban , S Anbazhagan , Ayyasamy Elango , Tuticorin Maragatham Alagesan Senthil Kumar , Ravindran Narendra Babu , Sundaram Sureshkannan , Mohanadasse Nithya Quintoil , Shippy Teresa D. , Cull Charley A. , Levent Gizem , Amachawadi Raghavendra G.
Published: March 2024

We isolated and characterized two lytic bacteriophages against
Staphylococcus aureus
named TANUVAS_MVC-VPHSA1 and TANUVAS_MVC-VPHSA2, with the aim of investigating their genomic and structural features. The bacteriophages belong to the Caudoviricetes, and their genomes have sizes of 50,505 and 50,516 base pairs with a GC content of 41.4%.
Unitarity bounds on the massive spin-2 particle explanation of muon $$g-2$$ anomaly
Authors: Huang Da , Geng Chao-Qiang , Wu Jiajun
Published: March 2024

Motivated by the long-standing discrepancy between the Standard Model prediction and the experimental measurement of the muon magnetic dipole moment, we have recently proposed to interpret this muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

anomaly in terms of the loop effect induced by a new massive spin-2 field G. In the present paper, we investigate the unitarity bounds on this scenario. We calculate the s-wave projected amplitudes for two-body elastic scatterings of charged leptons and photons mediated by G at high energies for all possible initial and final helicity states. By imposing the condition of the perturbative unitarity, we obtain the analytic constraints on the charged-lepton-G and photon-G couplings. We then apply our results to constrain the parameter space relevant to the explanation of the muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

anomaly.
Effects of underlying topology on quantum state discrimination
Authors: Khan Aatif Kaisar , Dar Yasir Hassan , Vagenas Elias C. , Wani Salman Sajad , Al-Kuwari Saif , Faizal Mir
Published: March 2024

In this work, we show that quantum state discrimination can be modified due to a change in the underlying topology of a system. In particular, we explicitly demonstrate that the quantum state discrimination of systems with underlying discrete topology differs from that of systems with underlying continuous topology. Such changes in the topology of a spacetime can occur in certain quantum gravity approaches. In fact, all approaches to quantum gravity can be classified into two types: those with underlying continuous topology (such as string theory) and those with an underlying discrete topology (such as loop quantum gravity). We demonstrate that the topology of these two types of quantum gravity approaches has different effects on the quantum state discrimination of low-energy quantum systems. We also show that any modification of quantum mechanics, which does not change the underlying topology, does not modify quantum state discrimination.
The interplay of machine learning-based resonant anomaly detection methods
Authors: Golling Tobias , Kasieczka Gregor , Krause Claudius , Mastandrea Radha , Nachman Benjamin , Raine John Andrew , Sengupta Debajyoti , Shih David , Sommerhalder Manuel
Published: March 2024

Machine learning-based anomaly detection (AD) methods are promising tools for extending the coverage of searches for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). One class of AD methods that has received significant attention is resonant anomaly detection, where the BSM physics is assumed to be localized in at least one known variable. While there have been many methods proposed to identify such a BSM signal that make use of simulated or detected data in different ways, there has not yet been a study of the methods’ complementarity. To this end, we address two questions. First, in the absence of any signal, do different methods pick the same events as signal-like? If not, then we can significantly reduce the false-positive rate by comparing different methods on the same dataset. Second, if there is a signal, are different methods fully correlated? Even if their maximum performance is the same, since we do not know how much signal is present, it may be beneficial to combine approaches. Using the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Olympics dataset, we provide quantitative answers to these questions. We find that there are significant gains possible by combining multiple methods, which will strengthen the search program at the LHC and beyond.
Bounding embedded singularities of Hilbert schemes of points on affine three space
Authors: Hsiao Jen-Chieh
Published: March 2024

The Hilbert scheme [Formula: see text] of n points on [Formula: see text] can be expressed as the critical locus of a regular function on a smooth variety [Formula: see text]. Recent development in birational geometry suggests a study of singularities of the pair [Formula: see text] using jet schemes. In this paper, we use a comparison between [Formula: see text] and the scheme [Formula: see text] of three commuting [Formula: see text] matrices to estimate the log canonical threshold of [Formula: see text]. As a consequence, we see that although both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have asymptotic growth [Formula: see text], the largest multiplicity of any points on [Formula: see text] has at most linear growth [Formula: see text].
On ω-strongly measurable cardinals in ℙmax extensions
Authors: Aksornthong Navin , Gappo Takehiko , Holland James , Sargsyan Grigor
Published: March 2024

We show that in the [Formula: see text] extension of a certain Chang-type model of determinacy, if [Formula: see text], then the restriction of the club filter on [Formula: see text] Cof[Formula: see text] to HOD is an ultrafilter in HOD. This answers Question 4.11 of [O. Ben-Neria and Y. Hayut, On [Formula: see text]-strongly measurable cardinals, Forum Math. Sigma 11 (2023) e19].
Double Yangian and reflection algebras of the Lie superalgebra 𝔤𝔩m|n
Authors: Bagnoli Lucia , Kožić Slaven
Published: March 2024

We study the double Yangian associated with the Lie superalgebra [Formula: see text]. Our main focus is on establishing the Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt Theorem for the double Yangian and constructing its central elements in the form of coefficients of the quantum contraction. Next, as an application, we introduce reflection algebras, certain left coideal subalgebras of the level 0 double Yangian, and find their presentations by generators and relations.
Design of Reversible Quantum Vigenere Cryptographic Cipher in QCA and IBMQ Platforms for Secure Nanocommunication
Authors: Kundu Arpita , Das Jadav Chandra , Debnath Bikash , De Debashis , Sarkar Angsuman
Published: March 2024

Using cryptography correctly is crucial in the current situation to safeguard data and ensure data security during data transfer. In this digital era, messages must be appropriately encrypted and decoded to prevent data misuse and ensure its accessibility to the intended recipient. Conventional cryptography techniques mostly depend on the mathematical intricacy of the encoding functions and the shared key. One such encoding approach that we may take into consideration is the Vigenere cipher algorithm. In this study, we want to apply this strategy utilizing reversible logic with the assistance of two helpful tools, namely, IBM Quantum (IBMQ) and QCADesigner. The encoder and decoder circuits for the Vigenere cipher are therefore proposed in this work in QCADesigner by utilizing Peres and DG gates in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) that consist of a single layer with 42 cells for encryption and 47 cells for decryption. The proposed circuit outperforms the existing ones concerning area, cell count and latency. Given that the layouts’ energy consumption is assessed, it is guaranteed that the QCA nanodevice might serve as a stand-in platform for the creation of reversible circuits. The same simulation outcome was also obtained while building the identical circuits in a quantum presentation using IBMQ. The two applications are closely connected and both rely on quantum concepts. The outcomes are therefore verified for each of the two situations. The reversible Vigenere cipher technique enhances data security. Further sophisticated low-power nanoscale lossless nanocommunication architecture may be created with the help of the suggested circuits.
Exponentially harmonic maps between Kähler manifolds
Authors: Chiang Yuan-Jen
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we show Liouville-type theorems for exponentially harmonic maps and p-harmonic maps between Kähler manifolds. We then study the quadratic form of an exponentially harmonic map of Kähler manifolds and its applications. We also prove that if [Formula: see text] is an exponentially harmonic map from a compact Kähler manifold [Formula: see text] into a Kähler manifold [Formula: see text] with constant energy density such that the curvature of [Formula: see text] is strongly semi-negative, then [Formula: see text] is holomorphic or antiholomorphic.
On the lower bound for Laplacian resolvent energy through majorization
Authors: Bozkurt Altındağ Ş. B. , Milovanović I. , Milovanović E.
Published: March 2024

For a simple connected graph [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text] with Laplacian eigenvalues [Formula: see text], the Laplacian resolvent energy of [Formula: see text] is defined as [Formula: see text] In this paper, we provide an improved lower bound for [Formula: see text] through majorization. Considering our lower bound, we also derive some lower bounds for [Formula: see text] when the graph [Formula: see text] possesses tree structure.
Hermitian skew Laplacian matrix of oriented graphs
Authors: Ganie Hilal A.
Published: March 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a simple graph of order [Formula: see text] having [Formula: see text] edges and let [Formula: see text] be an orientation of [Formula: see text]. The hermitian skew Laplacian matrix [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is defined as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the imaginary unit, [Formula: see text] is the diagonal matrix of oriented degrees [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the skew matrix. The spectral radius of the matrix [Formula: see text] is the hermitian skew Laplacian spectral radius and the sum of the absolute values of eigenvalues of [Formula: see text] is the hermitian skew Laplacian energy of [Formula: see text]. In this paper we study the hermitian spectral radius and hermitian skew Laplacian energy of [Formula: see text]. We obtain some new bounds for the hermitian skew Laplacian spectral radius and characterize the extremal oriented graphs attaining these bounds. Further, we obtain some bounds for the hermitian skew Laplacian energy and locate the extremal oriented graphs.
Design of PV, Battery, and Supercapacitor-Based Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Using Fuzzy Logic Controller for HESS in DC Microgrid
Authors: Ramu Senthil Kumar , Vairavasundaram Indragandhi , Aljafari Belqasem , Kareri Tareq
Published: March 2024

Renewable energy sources (RES) are becoming more popular globally as a reaction to critical energy concerns. Modern energy management technologies are used to maximize their efficiency while preserving the reliability of the grid. A hybrid energy storage system (HESS) connects to the DC microgrid through the bidirectional converter, allowing energy to be transferred among the battery and supercapacitor (SC). In this paper, a fuzzy logic control (FLC) technique is developed for PV-based DC microgrid systems that use both batteries and SCs. The proposed method uses the unbalanced energy from the battery pack to enhance the overall effectiveness of the HESS. The FLC approach is performed to validate under conditions of variable irradiance using MATLAB Simulink. When sudden changes in irradiance occur, the proposed FLC brings the voltage back to the desired level in terms of transient response like 33 ms settling times and 19% overshoot values. The results exhibit that the proposed method is more efficient in terms of time response, power output, increasing battery life, and ensuring a continuous supply of the PV system.
Supplementary Figure 11 from Gigaxonin Suppresses Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Cancer Through Downregulation of Snail
Authors: Veena Mysore S. , Gahng Jungmo J. , Alani Mustafa , Ko Albert Y. , Basak Saroj K. , Liu Isabelle Y. , Hwang Kimberly J. , Chatoff Jenna R. , Venkatesan Natarajan , Morselli Marco , Yan Weihong , Ali Ibraheem , Kaczor-Urbanowicz Karolina Elżbieta , Gowda Bhavani Shankara , Frost Patrick , Pellegrini Matteo , Moatamed Neda A. , Wilczynski Sharon P. , Bomont Pascale , Wang Marilene B. , Shin Daniel Sanghoon , Srivatsan Eri S.
Published: March 2024

All non synonymous SNPs in ME180 and GAN edited cell lines
Supplementary Figure 1 from Gigaxonin Suppresses Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Cancer Through Downregulation of Snail
Authors: Veena Mysore S. , Gahng Jungmo J. , Alani Mustafa , Ko Albert Y. , Basak Saroj K. , Liu Isabelle Y. , Hwang Kimberly J. , Chatoff Jenna R. , Venkatesan Natarajan , Morselli Marco , Yan Weihong , Ali Ibraheem , Kaczor-Urbanowicz Karolina Elżbieta , Gowda Bhavani Shankara , Frost Patrick , Pellegrini Matteo , Moatamed Neda A. , Wilczynski Sharon P. , Bomont Pascale , Wang Marilene B. , Shin Daniel Sanghoon , Srivatsan Eri S.
Published: March 2024

Mitochondrial gene authentication primers
Spontaneous Corneal Clearing after Descemet Membrane Rupture and Near-Total Detachment in Keratoglobus: A Case Report
Authors: Eberly Hanel W. , Rosen David B. , Pantanelli Seth M.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: We present a case of a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and keratoglobus (KG) who had a near-total rupture of Descemet’s membrane followed by spontaneous corneal clearing. This case is unique in that it demonstrates the potentially excellent outcome of conservative treatment for Descemet’s rupture in patients with KG and illustrates the impressive migratory potential of healthy endothelial cells. Case Presentation: An 11-year-old girl with OI and KG who had rupture and near-total detachment of Descemet’s membrane presented for evaluation. This was managed conservatively and resulted in the eventual spontaneous clearing of the cornea. A similar process happened in the fellow eye some years later. Given the result of conservative management originally, the patient was once again treated conservatively, with significant improvement in corneal edema and visual acuity. Conclusion: Given the size of the ruptures, this case highlights the dynamic nature of the corneal endothelium and provides an extreme example of the migratory potential of corneal endothelial cells.
Long-Term Complete Response to Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in a Case of Unresectable Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yamane Hiroaki , Sugiyama Yoichi , Komo Toshiaki , Shibata Kosuke , Tazaki Tatsuya , Koyama Mohei , Sasaki Masaru
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-Dxd) has been approved for the treatment of HER2-positive gastric cancer. However, there are only a limited number of cases of gastric cancer where a long-term complete response (CR) has been maintained. Consequently, we report a case of gastric cancer in which long-term CR was maintained. Case Presentation: A woman in her late 60s underwent a gastrointestinal endoscopy, which revealed a type 2 lesion with ulceration in the lesser curvature of the vestibule, and a biopsy, which revealed an adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography (CT) revealed wall thickening of the gastric antecubital region, metastatic liver tumor, and extra-regional lymph node metastasis; a diagnosis of T4a, N3a, M1 (H, LYN), and cStage IVB (HER2 3+) was confirmed. Trastuzumab, oxaliplatin, and S-1 were administered initially. After 9 months, ascites appeared, and progressive disease was diagnosed. Paclitaxel and ramucirumab were started as second-line treatments but discontinued owing to neutropenia and increasing ascites. Third-line treatment with T-Dxd was initiated, and 11 months later, CT showed the disappearance of metastases. Even after 31 months, the CR was maintained. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few cases in which long-term CR was maintained with third-line T-Dxd treatment. Treatment strategies for patients with gastric cancer to achieve long-term CR require careful consideration.
Primary microgliopathy presenting as degenerative dementias: A case series of novel gene mutations from India
Authors: Ramakrishnan Subasree , Arshad Faheem , BS Keerthana , Pon Arun Gokul , Bosco Susan , Kumar Sandeep , Chidambaram Hariharakrishnan , Chinnathambi Subhash Chandra Bose , Kulanthaivelu Karthik , Arunachal Gautham , Alladi Suvarna
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Microglia exert a crucial role in homeostasis of white matter integrity and several studies highlight the role of microglial dysfunctions in neurodegeneration. Primary microgliopathy are disorders where the pathogenic abnormality of the microglia causes white matter disorder and leads to a neuropsychiatric diseases. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells (TREM2), TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein (TYROBP), Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) are genes implicated in primary microgliopathy. Clinical manifestations of primary microgliopathy are myriad ranging from neuropsychiatric syndrome, motor disability, gait dysfunction, ataxia, pure dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer dementia and so on. It becomes imperative to establish diagnosis of microgliopathy masquerading as degenerative dementia, especially with promising therapies on horizon for the same.
We aim to describe a case series of subjects with dementia harboring novel genes of primary microgliopathy, along with their clinical, neuropsychological, and cognitive profile and radiological patterns.
Methods: The prospective study was conducted in a university referral hospital in South India, as a part of an ongoing clinic-genetic research on Dementia subjects and was approved by the institutional ethics committee. All patients underwent detailed assessment including socio demographic profile, clinical and cognitive assessment, pedigree analysis and comprehensive neurological examination. Subjects consenting for blood sampling underwent genetic testing by Whole exome sequencing (WES).
Results: 100 patients of dementia underwent genetic analysis using whole exome sequencing and three pathogenic variants, one each of TREM2, TYROBP and CSF1R and two variants of uncertain significance in CSF1R were identified as cause of primary microgliopathy .TREM 2 and TYROBP presented as frontotemporal syndrome whereas CSF1R presented as frontotemporal syndrome and Alzheimer dementia.
Conclusion :WES has widened the spectrum of underlying neuropathology of degenerative dementias and diagnosing primary microglial dysfunction with emerging therapeutic options is of paramount importance. Cases of primary microgliopathy due to Novel mutations in TREM2, TYROBP and CSF1R with phenotype of degenerative dementia are being first time reported from Indian cohort.
Our study enriches the spectrum of genetic variants implicated in degenerative dementia, and provides the basis for exploring complex molecular mechanisms like microglial dysfunction, as underlying cause for neurodegeneration.