bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Biomimetic Deposition on Anodized Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Kim M.H. , Lee S.-Y. , Kim M.-J. , Kim S.-K. , Heo S.-J. , Koak J.-Y.
Published: March 2011

Surface energy and hydrophilicity of implant surfaces have been known to play an important role in subsequent cellular responses on the implant surface. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of biomimetic deposition of anodized surfaces on surface wettability, surface energy, and osteoblast responses. Ti discs with 2 different surface topographies (machined and anodized) were immersed in Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS) and modified simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 2 weeks at physiologic conditions of 37°C, initial pH of 7.4, and p(CO2) of 0.05 atm. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation and energy-dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) microanalysis showed the deposition of calcium phosphate (CaP) onto anodized Ti surfaces immersed in modified SBF. Surface energy, surface wettability, and osteoblast responses, including cell attachment capacity, cell proliferation rate, and cell differentiation level, significantly increased on anodized Ti surfaces immersed in modified SBF. The effects of biomimetic deposition with modified SBF on physiochemical surface characteristics and cell biological responses were greater on anodized surfaces than on machined surfaces. These results indicate that biomimetic deposition with effective SBF may enhance the interaction between anodized Ti surfaces and their biological environment, consequently improving bone healing of dental Ti implants.
PKCγ in Vc and C1/C2 is Involved in Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Nakajima A. , Tsuboi Y. , Suzuki I. , Honda K. , Shinoda M. , Kondo M. , Matsuura S. , Shibuta K. , Yasuda M. , Shimizu N. , Iwata K.
Published: March 2011

The aim of the present study was to clarify the involvement of protein kinase Cγ (PKCγ) in the facial neuropathic pain following infraorbital nerve injury. We analyzed the change in PKCγ expression in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) and upper cervical spinal cord (C1/C2) following chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI). We also studied ION-CCI-mediated mechanical nocifensive behavior in rats. The mechanical head-withdrawal threshold significantly decreased 1 to 14 days after ION-CCI compared with that before ION-CCI and in sham rats. The expression of PKCγ was significantly larger in the ipsilateral Vc compared with the contralateral side in ION-CCI rats 3, 7, and 14 days after ION-CCI. Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the PKCγ inhibitor chelerythrine prevented an increase in the PKCγ expression in the ipsilateral Vc. Moreover, i.t. administration of chelerythrine annulled ION-CCI-mediated reduction in the head-withdrawal threshold. Taken together, these findings suggest that PKCγ expression in the Vc played an important role in the mechanism of orofacial static mechanical allodynia following trigeminal nerve injury.
Borderzones in Adolescents’ Literacy Practices
Authors: Skerrett Allison , Bomer Randy
Published: March 2011

This article examines how a teacher drew on her urban students’ outside-school literacies to inform teaching and learning in a reading/language arts classroom. The following findings are discussed: curricular invitations the teacher offered to students; the teacher’s curriculum development process; the relationships between the genres of students’ outside-school literacies and those of the school; and the subject positionings taken up by the students and the teacher in the classroom. The article demonstrates how teachers may affirm the out-of-school literacies of urban students and connect these literacies to the formal curriculum, thereby enhancing students’ in-school literacy engagement and success.
Campus Climate
Authors: Henry Wilma J. , Fowler Samantha R. , West Nicole M.
Published: March 2011

This study presents findings from an instrument designed to assess preservice teachers’ perceptions regarding whether the environment and curriculum in a College of Education (COEDU) in a southeast, urban university are conducive to preparing them to live and work in a diverse society. A 144-item survey is administered to 126 preservice teachers enrolled in COEDU courses. Major findings indicate that though the overall climate seemed positive, many students suggested the need for greater curricular emphasis on understanding the GLBT population and strengthening the sense of racial and ethnic identity among students of color and White students.
I Feel What He Was Doin’
Authors: Petchauer Emery
Published: March 2011

This study illustrates a set of learning activities designed from two hip-hop aesthetics and explores their use among a classroom of African American preservice teachers who graduated from urban school districts. Based on the two hip-hop aesthetics of kinetic consumption and autonomy/distance, the specific goal of these learning activities is to enable students to respond to justice-oriented teaching and democratic curriculum. Through an ethnographic and grounded theory approach, this study illustrates that these learning activities are useful for these purposes but that they also create potential barriers to student learning.
Teacher Resilience in Urban Schools
Authors: Yonezawa Susan , Jones Makeba , Singer Nancy Robb
Published: March 2011

Improving teacher retention and resiliency are key educational problems. In this article, we share findings from case studies of six educators who, for over 200 combined years, worked in urban, high-poverty schools and highlight what teachers need to remain in such contexts. We argue that developing professional resilience is a process built on the interplay between individuals and their supportive contexts. In-depth interviews with these six educators reveal how connections with educator networks such as the National Writing Project (NWP) helped teachers develop into durable and reflective practitioners by providing them technical expertise, cultural support, and opportunities to develop as leaders.
Ambassadors, Business Improvement District Governance and Knowledge of the Urban
Authors: Lippert Randy , Sleiman Mark
Published: March 2011

This article explores practices of uniformed, mobile ‘hospitality’ teams called ambassadors in Canadian downtown cores through document analysis and in-depth interviews with ambassadors, police and business improvement district (BID) personnel. The study reveals how ambassadors conduct surveillance and produce knowledge to remake downtowns for a consumption-oriented order, the institutions to which knowledge is transferred and for what purposes. The paper argues that the significance of ambassadors in downtown cores cannot be reduced to a physical security function. Rather, ambassadors’ scope is broader and reflects BIDs’ peculiar and precarious institutional position in urban governance, one that is highly dependent on knowledge for shaping and encouraging downtown consumption, justifying practices to its mandatory membership and board, and persuading other institutions to do its bidding.
Challenging the Norm? The ‘Ethopolitics’ of Low-cost Homeownership in Scotland
Authors: McKee Kim
Published: March 2011

Influenced by Nikolas Rose’s concept of ethopolitics, this paper explores attitudes to home and tenure amongst low-cost homeowners in Scotland. In doing so, it seeks to highlight the contested nature of contemporary governing practices and the way in which ‘governable subjects’ can challenge, reinterpret and resist dominant policy discourses, which promote homeownership as the preferred tenure of choice, whilst simultaneously pathologising and problematising social housing.
Individual Differences in Vagal Regulation Moderate Associations Between Daily Affect and Daily Couple Interactions
Authors: Diamond Lisa M. , Hicks Angela M. , Otter-Henderson Kimberly D.
Published: March 2011

Previous research suggests that cardiac vagal regulation (indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia, or RSA) provides a physiological substrate for affect regulation, which presumably underlies adaptive interpersonal functioning.The authors tested these associations in the context of daily interactions between 68 cohabiting couples. Participants underwent a laboratory assessment of RSA during rest and also during a series of psychological stressors. Subsequently, they kept daily measures of affect and interaction quality for 21 days. Individual differences in baseline and stress levels of RSA moderated within-person associations between daily affect and the quality of couple interactions. The pattern of results differed for women versus men. Men with lower vagal tone or higher vagal reactivity had stronger associations between daily negative affect and daily negative interactions, and men with higher vagal tone had more positive daily interactions overall. Women with higher vagal tone had stronger associations between daily positive affect and daily positive interactions.
The Evolving Role of Post–Ligament of Trietz Nasojejunal Feeding in Enteral Nutrition and the Need for Improved Feeding Tube Design and Placement Methods
Authors: Silk D. B. A.
Published: March 2011

Nutrition support is an important link in the chain of therapy for intensive care unit patients. The early institution of nutrition support significantly reduces the incidence of septic complications, reduces mortality, and shortens hospital stay. Unfortunately, impaired gastrointestinal function, particularly gastric atony, restricts the use of nasogastric enteral tube feeding, and the use of this route of administration in these patients can lead to regurgitation, aspiration, and the development of pneumonia. Postpyloric enteral feeding was heralded as a means of overcoming many of these problems. Overall, the results of controlled studies do not support a role of postpyloric duodenal feeding in reducing the incidence of aspiration pneumonia. As a consequence, post–ligament of Treitz nasojejunal enteral feeding is proposed as the technique of choice in these patients. Feeding tube design must incorporate a gastric aspiration port to overcome problems of gastroesophageal acid reflux, duodenogastric bile reflux, and increased gastric acid secretion, problems that occur during “downstream” jejunal feeding. Tube placement technique will need to be refined and patients will need to receive a predigested enteral diet. In postoperative surgical patients in the intensive care unit, there is also a need for a newly designed dual‐purpose nasogastric tube capable initially of providing a means of undertaking gastric aspiration and decompression and subsequently a means of initiating nasogastric enteral feeding.
Persistence of, and Interrelation Between, Horizontal and Vertical Technology Alliances
Authors: Belderbos René , Gilsing Victor , Lokshin Boris
Published: March 2011

The authors explore to what extent there is persistence in, and interrelation between, alliance strategies with different partner types (customers, suppliers, competitors). In a panel data set of innovation-active firms in the Netherlands from 1996 to 2004, the authors find persistence in alliance strategies with all three types of partners, but customer alliance strategies are more persistent than supplier alliance strategies and competitor alliance strategies. A positive interrelation between customer and supplier alliance strategies and a high persistence of joint supplier and customer alliance strategies are consistent with the advantages of value chain integration in innovation efforts. Prior engagement in horizontal (competitor) alliances increases the propensity to engage in vertical alliance strategies, but this effect occurs only with a longer lag. Overall, the authors’ findings suggest that alliance strategies with different partner types are both heterogeneous in persistence and (temporally) interrelated. This suggests that intertemporal relationships between different types of alliances may be as important as their simultaneous relationship in alliance portfolios.
The Future of Resource-Based Theory
Authors: Barney Jay B. , Ketchen David J. , Wright Mike
Published: March 2011

Since the 1991 publication of the first Journal of Management special issue devoted to resource-based inquiry, resource-based theory (RBT) has evolved from a nascent, upstart perspective to one of the most prominent and powerful theories for understanding organizations. Indeed, 20 years after that landmark issue, RBT appears to have reached maturity as a theory. One implication of this maturity is that RBT lies at a critical juncture, one that will be followed either by revitalization of the theory or by its decline. In this introductory article, the authors provide a brief overview of the contributions provided by the commentaries and articles contained in this third Journal of Management special issue on RBT. These contributions center on five themes: interlinkages with other perspectives, processes of resource acquisition and development, the micro-foundations of RBT, RBT and sustainability, and method and measurement issues. Their view is that the commentaries and articles collectively offer a foundation for extending RBT in meaningful new directions and steering clear of decline. They also offer their thoughts about some key opportunities within each of the themes for further revitalizing research involving the RBT.
Using Medical Simulation to Teach Crisis Resource Management and Decision‐Making Skills to Otolaryngology Housestaff
Authors: Volk Mark S. , Ward Jessica , Irias Noel , Navedo Andres , Pollart Jennifer , Weinstock Peter H.
Published: March 2011

Objectives

Develop a course to use in situ high‐fidelity medical simulation (HFS) in an actual operating room (OR) to (1) teach teamwork and crisis resource management (CRM) skills simultaneously to otolaryngology and anesthesia trainees and OR nurses and (2) provide decision‐making experience to ear, nose, and throat residents and OR teams in simulated high‐risk, low‐frequency airway emergencies.

Study Design

A simulation‐based, in situ CRM course was developed to teach airway management and CRM in the OR. Upon completion of each course, the participants were surveyed using questions with (1‐5) scale answers.

Setting

The simulated clinical scenarios took place in the intensive care unit and OR at Children’s Hospital Boston.

Subjects and Methods

The participants consisted of pediatric otolaryngology fellows, otolaryngology residents, anesthesiology residents, fellows, and certified registered nurse anesthetists as well as OR nurses. Fifty‐nine individuals participated in 9 simulation‐based courses given between October 2008 and May 2010. The team members participated together in 3 simulated medical crises that centered on airway and anesthesia issues. Each simulated crisis was followed by a structured debriefing session conducted by trained debriefers. Embedded within the course were didactics on CRM principles.

Results

The participants’ responses on the survey included General Course Organization, Realism, Debriefing, and Relevance to Future Practice. Ninety percent of the responses were favorable or very favorable.

Conclusion

Using a newly developed, in situ HFS‐based course, clinical decision‐making skills and teamwork can be effectively taught concurrently to members of an OR team.
Facial Movement in 3 Dimensions
Authors: Popat Hashmat , Richmond Stephen , Marshall David , Rosin Paul L.
Published: March 2011

Objective

To construct 3‐dimensional (3D) templates of average lip movement based on a group of normal healthy subjects.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, United Kingdom.

Subjects and Methods

One hundred fifteen white subjects were asked to perform 2 reproducible verbal gestures (/puppy/ and /rope/) in a normal relaxed manner. The sequences were captured using a noninvasive, 3D motion scanner (3dMDFace Dynamic System). Mesh‐registration software was used to align sequential facial shells to a standardized reference plane. Lip movement during the verbal facial gestures was quantified using the displacement vectors (x, y, z coordinates) of 6 lip landmarks of sequential 3D facial shells subtracted from the reference or rest shell. Descriptive statistics were used to build references for average lip movement, and independent t tests were used to compare lip movement between men and women.

Results

Mean reference movements were created for lip opening, lip stretch, and lip purse that corresponded to the visemes /pu/ /ppy/ and /rope/, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the lip movement between genders for the visemes /pu/ and /ppy/, although when quantified these were found not to be of clinical significance. Men favored left‐sided movement and women right‐sided movement, although only slightly—again, when quantified, this was considered to be within symmetrical limits.

Conclusion

It was possible to quantify and create normal templates of lip movement for the words /puppy/ and /rope/. Men and women show similar standardized lip movements for these 2 words.
Review essay: Globalization and education: Comparative perspectives
Authors: Gobbo Francesca
Published: March 2011

The authors of Education, Equality and Social Cohesion: A Comparative Analysis, of Culture in Education and Development: Principles, Practice and Policy, and those anthologized in Languages and Education in Africa: A Comparative and Transdisciplinary Analysis, all approach the pressing educational issues that animate the debates among educationists, researchers and policy-makers in developed nation-states as well as in geopolitical areas of Africa and Asia, through a comparative perspective. Such a perspective allows researchers and scholars to point out and interpret the differences related to specific social contexts and histories, to political ideologies and educational philosophies and practices, but also to stress all the aspects that are common to educational institutions and projects. Globalization, with its emphasis on education as a viable economic investment that promises high returns, represents the general dimension with which these three books deal: it may translate into the real or perceived sociocultural fragmentation of developed societies that makes the concept of social cohesion and its relation to schooling once more relevant, as in Education, Equality and Social Cohesion; or it may be felt as the pressure of neocolonialism that silences endogenous knowledge and people’s ability for multilingualism in the African states which is examined in Languages and Education in Africa; or it may be the persistent disregard for local cultures and competences expressed by development programmes and donors as argued in Culture in Education and Development. The theoretical and policy recommendations that all these authors suggest, on the basis of their research practice and findings, centre around a recognition of the relevance of culture for quality education and quality life, of culture as a complex and dynamic dimension that needs to be understood in relation to the wider historical, political and economic frameworks.
Attitudes of UK doctors towards euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide: A systematic literature review
Authors: McCormack Ruaidhri , Clifford Margaret , Conroy Marian
Published: March 2011

Objectives: To review studies over a 20-year period that assess the attitudes of UK doctors concerning active, voluntary euthanasia (AVE) and physician-assisted suicide (PAS), assess efforts to minimise bias in included studies, determine the effect of subgroup variables (e.g. age, gender) on doctors’ attitudes, and make recommendations for future research.

Data sources: Three electronic databases, four pertinent journals, reference lists of included studies.

Review methods: Literature search of English articles between January 1990 and April 2010. Studies were excluded if they did not present independent data (e.g. commentaries) or if they related to doctors outside the UK, patients younger than 18 years old, terminal sedation, withdrawing or withholding treatment, or double-effect. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted.

Results: Following study selection and data extraction, 15 studies were included. UK doctors oppose the introduction of both AVE and PAS in the majority of studies. Degree of religiosity appeared as a statistically significant factor in influencing doctors’ attitudes. The top three themes in the qualitative analysis were the provision of palliative care, adequate safeguards in the event of AVE or PAS being introduced, and a profession to facilitate AVE or PAS that does not include doctors.

Conclusions: UK doctors appear to oppose the introduction of AVE and PAS, even when one considers the methodological limitations of included studies. Attempts to minimise bias in included studies varied. Further studies are necessary to establish if subgroup variables other than degree of religiosity influence attitudes, and to thoroughly explore the qualitative themes that appeared.
Factors Relating to Patient Visit Time With a Physician
Authors: Migongo Alice W. , Charnigo Richard , Love Margaret M. , Kryscio Richard , Fleming Steven T. , Pearce Kevin A.
Published: March 2011

This study sought to identify factors that increase or decrease patient time with a physician, determine which combinations of factors are associated with the shortest and longest visits to physicians, quantify how much physicians contribute to variation in the time they spend with patients, and assess how well patient time with a physician can be predicted. Data were acquired from a modified replication of the 1997–1998 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, administered by the Kentucky Ambulatory Network to 56 primary care clinicians at 24 practice sites in 2001 and 2002. A regression tree and a linear mixed model (LMM) were used to discover multivariate associations between patient time with a physician and 22 potentially predictive factors. Patient time with a physician was related to the number of diagnoses, whether non-illness care was received, and whether the patient had been seen before by the physician or someone at the practice. Approximately 38% of the variation in patient time with a physician was accounted for by predictive factors in the tree; roughly 33% was explained by predictive factors in the LMM, with another 12% linked to physicians. Knowledge of patient characteristics and needs could be used to schedule office visits, potentially improving patient flow through a clinic and reducing waiting times.
Use of a Catalytic Model to Estimate Hepatitis A Incidence in a Low-Endemicity Country
Authors: Pham Ba’ , Chen Maggie Hong , Tricco Andrea C. , Anonychuk Andrea , Krahn Murray , Bauch Chris T.
Published: March 2011

Background. Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of vaccine programs with dynamic modeling requires accurate estimates of incidence over time. Because infectious diseases are often underreported, supplementary data and statistical analyses are required to estimate true incidence. This study estimates the true incidence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in Canada using a catalytic model. Methods. A catalytic model was used to reconcile HAV seroprevalence data with the corresponding true cumulative risk of infection estimated from incidence data. Results. The average annual reported incidence was 6.2 cases per 100 000 from 1980 to 1989 and 7.7/100 000 from 1990 to 1999, indicating that Canada is a low-incidence country. The seroprevalence in Canadian-born individuals (n = 7 studies) was approximately 1%−8% in ages <20, 1%−11% in ages 20–29, 7%−29% in ages 30–39, and higher in older age groups. Between 1980 and 1995, the catalytic model estimated an average annual incidence of 60/100 000 (95% confidence interval, 33–524); approximately 7.73 (4.21–67.33) times the average annual reported incidence of 7.78/100 000. For a typical birth cohort of 403 434 Canadians born in 1990, the model predicted 32 750 HAV cases by age 39, with a corresponding seroprevalence of approximately 8.12% by the year 2029. Implications. Reliable estimates of true incidence of infectious disease are required for cost-effectiveness analysis of infectious disease programs. Catalytic models enable the synthesis of dispersed data, quantification of data limitations, and reconciliation of these limitations to estimate true incidence for economic evaluations.
Addressing Adoption and Research Design Decisions Simultaneously
Authors: McKenna Claire , Claxton Karl
Published: March 2011

Methods to estimate the cost-effectiveness of technologies are well developed with increasing experience of their application to inform adoption decisions in a timely way. However, the experience of using similarly explicit methods to inform the associated research decisions is less well developed despite appropriate methods being available with an increasing number of applications in health. The authors demonstrate that evaluation of both adoption and research decisions is feasible within typical time and resource constraints relevant to policy decisions, even in situations in which data are sparse and formal elicitation is required. In addition to demonstrating the application of expected value of sample information (EVSI) in these circumstances, the authors examine and carefully distinguish the impact that the research decision is expected to have on patients while enrolled in the trial, those not enrolled, and once the trial reports. In doing so, the authors are able to account for the range of opportunity cost associated with research and evaluate a number of research designs including length of follow-up and sample size. The authors also explore the implications for research design of conducting research while the technology is approved for widespread use and whether approval should be withheld until research reports. In doing so, the authors highlight the impact of irrecoverable opportunity costs when the initial costs of a technology are compensated only by later gains in health outcome.
A Stakeholder-Unifying, Cocreation Philosophy for Marketing
Authors: Lusch Robert F. , Webster Frederick E.
Published: March 2011

Marketing thought and practice is continuing its evolution from a largely goods-dominant logic to a service-dominant (S-D) logic. The authors argue that an S-D grounded logic is especially useful in a highly networked world. In a network world and organization, it is critical for enterprises to realize and operate as if marketing is no longer simply a separate business function but also a general management responsibility within a broad network enterprise where the interests of many stakeholders need to be unified with the customer and the enterprise. Furthermore, a value cocreation concept of strategy becomes increasingly relevant because it views value as not created by the business but by customers as they integrate resources. Importantly this includes firm-supplied resources, as well as other resources at the customer’s disposal in order to improve their well-being by helping them develop or codevelop solutions to problems. Consistent with the S-D logic of marketing, the firm has to think not about optimizing the sales and/or profit of the firm and its activities but how to support customers in their resource integration and value cocreation activities. All enterprises should strive to be an effective and efficient service support system for helping all stakeholders, beginning with the customer, become effective and efficient in value cocreation.
From Micro to Macro: Stakeholders and Institutions
Authors: Vargo Stephen L.
Published: March 2011

This article introduces the special section of ‘‘Extending Service-Dominant Logic’’ in this journal, which is part of jointly published special sections in the Australasian Marketing Journal, European Journal of Marketing, Journal of Macromarketing, and Marketing Theory on the same topic, all based on articles developed from manuscripts submitted to the Forum on Markets and Marketing in Sydney, Australia. It links the three articles in this issue and also links the associated macro-, meso-, and microperspectives.
The Masculinity of Mr. Right: Feminist Identity and Heterosexual Women’s Ideal Romantic Partners
Authors: Backus Faedra R. , Mahalik James R.
Published: March 2011

Our study explored the relationship between feminist identity and women’s report of an ideal male partner’s conformity to masculine gender role norms. Heterosexual, mostly White, college women ( N = 183) completed measures assessing feminist beliefs and the masculinity characteristics of an ideal male partner. Results indicated that feminist identity significantly predicted participants' preferences for an ideal male partner’s conformity to masculine norms. Specifically, women who were more accepting of patriarchal culture, endorsing traditional gender roles and denying sexism, reported wanting an ideal male partner to conform to traditional masculine norms of emotional control, risk-taking, power over women, dominance, self-reliance, and disdain for homosexuals. In contrast, feminist-identified women reported wanting an ideal partner who did not conform to the traditional masculine norms of violence, power over women, playboy, and self-reliance. We discuss implications of these findings for women’s heterosexual relationships, including the possibility that feminist identity may serve as a protective factor against involvement in unsatisfying, or even violent, romantic heterosexual relationships.
Revascularization Process of the Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Autograft Evaluated by Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging 6 and 12 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ntoulia Aikaterini , Papadopoulou Frederica , Ristanis Stavros , Argyropoulou Maria , Georgoulis Anastasios D.
Published: March 2011

Background: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies conducted on animal models have shown that the observed signal intensity changes are related to the degree of graft vascularity and its biomechanical properties.

Purpose: To evaluate by contrast-enhanced MRI the revascularization process at 3 distinct sites discerned in relation to the surrounding microenvironment along the course of bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autograft in uncomplicated human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–reconstructed knees.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods: Thirty-two male patients were assessed with a 3-dimensional fast field echo/short tau inversion recovery (FFE/STIR) MRI sequence at the third postoperative day and at time intervals of 6 and 12 months after surgery. Signal-to-noise quotient (SNQ) was calculated for 3 specific graft sites (intra-articular site, intraosseous tibial tunnel site, and intraosseous juxta screw site) before and after gadolinium administration. Comparisons of the enhancement index (EI: SNQafter/SNQbefore gadolinium) were performed independently for each graft site and time interval.

Results: Three days postoperatively, insufficient vascularization was noticed at the 3 sites. Six and 12 months after surgery, the enhancement index was significantly increased in all 3 sites ( P < .001). The intra-articular site, 6 months postoperatively, achieved satisfactory contrast medium uptake (enhancement index >1), with significantly higher enhancement index values compared with the other 2 sites ( P < .001). Twelve months after surgery, only the intraosseously enclosed sites displayed an increase of the enhancement index, although nonsignificant ( P = .09 and P = .07, respectively).

Conclusion: Revascularization of the graft occurs gradually along its length, with the intra-articular site being the first and the faster part to complete this phase, while both the intraosseous sites are still in progress throughout the first postoperative year. Revascularization is an important link at the intrinsic healing chain of the ACL graft. The surrounding microenvironment does seem to play a significant role in this process, and the differences in its composition along the graft course are reflected at the revascularization progress of the corresponding sites.
Morphological aspects and mechanical properties of single bamboo fibers and flexural characterization of bamboo/ epoxy composites
Authors: Osorio L. , Trujillo E. , Van Vuure A.W. , Verpoest I.
Published: March 2011

A novel mechanical extraction process was developed to obtain long bamboo fibers to be used as reinforcement in structural composites. A single-fiber tensile test at four different span lengths for fibers of the bamboo species Guadua angustifolia was performed. Strength values of 800 MPa and Young’s modulus of 43 GPa were obtained. Unidirectional bamboo fiber/epoxy composites (BFC) were produced with untreated and alkali-treated fibers to evaluate the effectiveness of the new reinforcing material. Flexural tests were performed with two fiber orientations (longitudinal and transverse). The longitudinal flexural strength is higher when untreated fibers are used while the treatment benefits the longitudinal flexural stiffness of the composite. Transverse strength increases at lower alkali concentrations, but the transverse three-point bending strength of untreated bamboo in epoxy is already quite high at around 33 MPa. The results illustrate that these bamboo fibers present a natural and renewable option to reinforce composites in several applications where glass fiber and traditional natural fibers are used nowadays.
The Manifestation and Integration of Embodied Knowing Into Social Work Practice
Authors: Sodhi Mininder K. , Cohen Harriet L.
Published: March 2011

Traditionally, research in both adult education and social work fields have focused on cognitive ways of knowing. Although both disciplines have acknowledged other ways of knowing, there has been minimal focus on noncognitive ways of knowing, including embodied knowing. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand how social workers incorporated embodied knowing into their social work practice. Ten social workers from a variety of settings were interviewed to understand how they learned to trust their bodies as a site of knowing and integrate embodied knowing into their social work practices. Using a feminist theoretical framework, findings indicated that participants embraced and trusted their embodied knowing as a valid source of knowledge. Participants identified internal reactions in social work interactions and described how they processed these somatic sensations to guide their practices. Implications for social work practitioners and social work and adult educators are discussed.
Expectant Fathers’ and Mothers’ Perceptions of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding: A Focus Group Study in Three US Cities
Authors: Avery Alexis B. , Magnus Jeanette H.
Published: March 2011

The objective of the current study was to better understand how pregnant women and male partners conceptualize infant feeding and support for breastfeeding. Information was collected through 18 focus group interviews in 3 major US cities. There were 121 focus group participants of varying professions and income levels. Half were African American and half were Caucasian. Pregnant women and male partners had favorable attitudes toward breastfeeding, but did not articulate specific benefits to mothers or infants. Men expressed empathy for their partners’ pregnancies and deferred to their partners’ feeding decisions. Both groups disapproved of breastfeeding in public. Women voiced concerns about father-infant bonding more than men did. Both groups emphasized fathers’ support of the infant, but not of the mother. Educators and practitioners may wish to consider expectant couples’ perceptions of breastfeeding in public, knowledge of breastfeeding laws, and expectations of father-mother and father-infant relationships in their approach to breastfeeding promotion among expectant couples.
The Public Service Bargain in the United Kingdom: The Whitehall Model in Decline?
Authors: Van Dorpe Karolien , Horton Sylvia
Published: March 2011

Three decades of public sector reform have altered politico/administrative relations in the UK. This article looks into the changing relationships between senior civil servants and their ministers in British central administration. Using the concept of the public service bargain (PBS), three dimensions of this relationship are investigated: rewards, competencies and loyalty/responsibility. The main findings of the research point towards an emerging ‘hybrid’ public service bargain, instead of a full blown ‘managerial’ bargain, as much of the current literature suggests. The article concludes with some future prospects for the public service bargain in the United Kingdom.
Low- and High-Testosterone Individuals Exhibit Decreased Aversion to Economic Risk
Authors: Stanton Steven J. , Mullette-Gillman O’Dhaniel A. , McLaurin R. Edward , Kuhn Cynthia M. , LaBar Kevin S. , Platt Michael L. , Huettel Scott A.
Published: March 2011

Testosterone is positively associated with risk-taking behavior in social domains (e.g., crime, physical aggression). However, the scant research linking testosterone to economic risk preferences presents inconsistent findings. We examined the relationship between endogenous testosterone and individuals’ economic preferences (i.e., risk preference, ambiguity preference, and loss aversion) in a large sample ( N = 298) of men and women. We found that endogenous testosterone levels have a significant U-shaped association with individuals’ risk and ambiguity preferences, but not loss aversion. Specifically, individuals with low or high levels of testosterone (more than 1.5 SD from the mean for their gender) were risk and ambiguity neutral, whereas individuals with intermediate levels of testosterone were risk and ambiguity averse. This relationship was highly similar in men and women. In contrast to received wisdom regarding testosterone and risk, the present data provide the first robust evidence for a nonlinear association between economic preferences and levels of endogenous testosterone.
Beyond texts in context: Recontextualization and the co-production of texts and contexts in the legal discourse, excited utterance exception to hearsay
Authors: Andrus Jennifer
Published: March 2011

The excited utterance exception to hearsay from the US Federal Rules of Evidence (US Courts, 2006: Section 8) is a special kind of reported speech — the repetition of an utterance that reports an event, made prior to the courtroom interaction, in response to exciting circumstances, to a passive third party. This reported speech and the rules that govern it provide insight into the discursive relationship between text and context. This article uses the excited utterance exception to develop a theory of recontextualization, building on research that shows that texts do not merely constitute contexts, nor do contexts neatly hold and inform the texts embedded in them. Contexts are complex and subjective matrices made up of utterances, texts, actions and events, and these matrices are themselves open to recontextualization. This analysis shows that legal discourse simplifies and constrains both texts and contexts, and positions them causally in the recursive and simultaneous processes of entextualization and recontextualization.
The delicacy of the gift: Passing donations and leaving change
Authors: Llewellyn Nick
Published: March 2011

Based on the analysis of video recordings, this article analyses encounters where people give money to a Big Issue vendor ( The Big Issue is a UK magazine sold on the street by people who are homeless). The article describes practical ways people delineate and move between gift and market economies in the way they approached the vendor, produced verbal accounts, recovered objects from their person, shaped to pass money and so on. Delicate interactional practices are described through which charitable gifts, which potentially subordinate the recipient, are presented and received within a bustling urban landscape.
‘This is jist my life noo’: Marriage, children and choice in a Scottish fishing community
Authors: McKinlay Andy , McVittie Chris
Published: March 2011

Previous research indicates that women often characterize themselves in terms of relationship status and parental role, although the precise meanings of such characterizations are subject to ongoing interactional negotiation. Here, we examine this phenomenon by studying the talk of a group of married women living in a remote fishing community in the far north of Scotland. Eleven women, all married to fishermen, were interviewed. Analysis of the interview talk shows that the women produced potentially competing versions of themselves: they described their lives in relation to the constraints they faced as fishermen’s wives, but they also described the freedoms and opportunities which arose from being married to a fisherman. These descriptions produce forms of self understandable as accomplishments of gender in the local context of talk about fishing as a male occupation and its consequences for women’s lives, and are discussed in relation to the notion of ‘hybrid identities’.
Death caused by addictive inhalation of nitrous oxide
Authors: Potocka-Banas Barbara , Majdanik Slawomir , Dutkiewicz Grazyna , Borowiak Krzysztof , Janus Tomasz
Published: March 2011

Intoxications with nitrous oxide have been, and still are, a rarity in forensic medicine. Apart from accidental overdose during hospital procedures, intoxication with this gas is the result of voluntary inhalation. We report the fatal case of a 32-year-old male who died during inhalation of nitrous oxide from whipped dairy cream cans and hint on the role of the internet in creating new behaviors among drug addicts. We rely on the autopsy report from the Department of Forensic Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, on laboratory tests, and court files. Neither the autopsy nor the toxicologic and histopathologic tests disclosed the exact cause of death. However, circumstances in which the body was discovered were indicative that death resulted from cardiorespiratory failure. The present case is interesting with regard to its rarity, diagnostic difficulties and potential harm from nitrous oxide used by the food industry.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and transactivation of p53-dependent apoptotic genes in BaP-treated human fetal lung fibroblasts
Authors: Yang Guangtao , Jiang Ying , Rao Kaimin , Chen Xi , Wang Qian , Liu Ailin , Xiong Wei , Yuan Jing
Published: March 2011

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) has been shown to be an inducer of apoptosis. However, mechanisms involved in BaP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction are not well-known. In this study, human fetal lung fibroblasts cells were treated with BaP (8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 μM) for 4 and 12 h. Cell viability, intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ Ψm) and cytochrome c release were determined. Changes in transcriptional levels of p53-dependent apoptotic genes ( p53, APAF1, CASPASE3, CASPASE9, NOXA and PUMA) were measured. At time point of 4 h, BaP induced the intracellular ROS generation in 64 ( p < .05) and 128 μM BaP groups ( p < .01) but decreased the T-AOC activities in 32, 64 ( p < .05 for both) and 128 μM BaP groups ( p < .01). At time point of 12 h, Δ Ψm significantly decreased in ≥32 μM BaP groups ( p < .05 for all). Amount of mitochondrial cytochrome c significantly increased in 128 μM BaP group ( p < .01). Transcriptional levels of CASPASE3, CASPASE9, APAF1 and PUMA were up-regulated in all BaP groups ( p < .05 for all) and in ≥32 μM groups for NOXA ( p < .05). But only in 16 μM BaP group a relatively little expression of p53 mRNA was observed ( p < .05). The results indicate that in the earlier period BaP promoted the generation of excessive ROS and subsequently the mitochondrial depolarization, whereas transactivations of the p53-dependent apoptotic genes were significantly induced at the later period.
Evaluation of oxidant and antioxidant status in infants with hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus
Authors: Doğan Murat , Peker Erdal , Kirimi Ercan , Sal Ertan , Akbayram Sinan , Erel Ozcan , Ocak Ali Rıza , Tuncer Oguz
Published: March 2011

Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine oxidant and antioxidant status in infants with hyperbilirubinemia and/or kernicterus and to find whether there is a relationship between bilirubin level and oxidant/antioxidant status. Patients: The study includes 69 full-term newborns (neonates with hyperbilirubinemia needing phototherapy [Group 1, n = 36] and neonates with kernicterus [Group 2, n = 33]) and 25 age-matched healthy newborn. Results: Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum total oxidant status (TOS) were significantly higher in Groups 1 and 2 than the control group. There was a significant difference between Group 1 and control cases for malondialdehyde (MDA; p < 0.001). Total free sulfhydryl group (TTHI) values were significantly elevated in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and control cases. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between total bilirubin (TB) and TAC, TOS, MDA and oxidative stress index may be expressed by a quadratic curve. After phototherapy, a statistically significant increase in nitrite level was observed. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the relationship between serum TB and antioxidants and oxidative stress could be expressed by a quadratic correlation curve.
Pesticide intoxications in Cukurova, Turkey: three years analysis
Authors: Daglioglu Nebile , Akcan Ramazan , Gulmen Mete Korkut , Yener Fadile , Efeoglu Pinar
Published: March 2011

In Cukurova region, pesticide poisonings still remain an unfortunate cause of death, which led to the present study. The autopsy records of Adana Branch of the Council of Forensic Medicine, between 2006 and 2008, were evaluated retrospectively. Deaths that were attributed to pesticide poisoning were included in the scope of the study to identify the type of pesticide, and etiology of intoxication. The frequency and distribution of intoxications were also analyzed in terms of sex and age. In the studied period, a total of 4199 autopsies were referred to the forensic toxicology laboratory for pesticide analysis. Seventy-two cases were positive for pesticide analysis. Of these, 42 (58.33%) were male and 30 (41.67%) were female, with a mean age of 38.8 ± 20.6 years. Among the inspected pesticides, endosulfan was found to be the most common with 47.2% of prevalence, followed by dichlorvos. This report showed that certain pesticides, endosulfan in particular, remains as common cause of poisonings in Cukurova region.
Reading the career of a Kenyan runner: The case of Tegla Loroupe
Authors: Mwaniki Munene F
Published: March 2011

In this article I examine the sport media representations throughout the career of now retired Kenyan distance runner Tegla Loroupe. As part of a larger project to examine media representation of African athletes, Loroupe was chosen because of her preeminence as a marathon runner and place as one of the first female runners from Kenya to achieve international success. While Kenyan and African men have been examined and discussed at length and in various ways for their continued superiority in distance running, there is a lack of such research concerning African women. Thus it is the concern of this article to illuminate the kinds of discourses and representations surrounding Loroupe, specifically as they pertain to women in sport, Kenyans and Africans in sport, and the representation of Africa in Western media. Using the methodology for reading sport critically (McDonald and Birrell, 1999) and drawing upon elements of discourse analysis, this article finds and discusses the complex intersections of gender, race, and nationality as they converge upon Loroupe through her media representation.