bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Allelochemicals Potential of Peganum harmala L. for Biological Control of Cynodon dactylon L.
Authors: Ehtaiwesh Amal
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted to evaluates the allelopathic potential of Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) on the growth of Cynodon dactylon L. (Poaceae). Seeds, stems, and a mixture of (seeds and stems) aqueous extracts of P. harmala plants were applied as a foliar application to three weeks old seedlings of Cynodon dactylon weeds. The result indicated that the application of aqueous extracts of different plant parts of P. harmala caused a significant reduction in growth traits of Cynodon dactylon including plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, and plant weight. Moreover, the result revealed that the Inhibitory effect of P. harmala aqueous extract on Cynodon dactylon L was more pronounced in plant height and number of leave plant-1 traits. In addition, the results illustrated that among the different P. harmala plant parts used in this study, seeds extract was the most toxic and caused the greatest negative effect on growth traits of Cynodon dactylon. According to the results, the degree of toxicity of different P. harmala plant parts can be arranged in the following order: seeds > mixture > stems. The results of this study concluded that the use of Peganum harmala L plant has the potential to be developed further as a bio-herbicide system to control weed such as Cynodon dactylon L.
Assessment of Some Heavy Metals Using Sediments and Bivalvia (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Samples Collected from Tobruk Coast
Authors: Fitori Amani
Published: November 2021

This study is designed to assess the concentrations of lead, copper, zinc, iron, cadmium and manganese in sediments and bivalvia (Mytilus galloprovincialis) tissues of Tobruk coast. The samples of sediments and bivalvia were collected from four sites around Tobruk city namely as Main port, Ledo, Andolus and Rasbayad (control site), during summer, 2021. The heavy metals of sediments and bivalvia tissues were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Also water samples were taken from four sites and physical and chemical properties of water were measured. The results of sediments showed that the Ledo site significantly recorded the higher concentrations of lead (0.624 mg/kg), zinc (73.77 mg/kg), copper (0.450mg/kg) and iron (94.38mg/kg) than those of the other sites, however, the metals of sediments collected from Rasbayad recorded the lowest concentrations. The results of bivalvia tissues revealed that Main port site recorded the greater concentration of lead (0.420 mg/l), zinc (2.185mg/l), cadmium (0.385 mg/l) and copper (3.010 mg/l) than that of other sites. Moreover, Andolus site recorded significantly the higher concentration of iron (14.135 mg/l) than that of other three sites. On the other hand, the Rasbayad recorded the lowest concentration of lead (0.070 mg/l), zinc (0.115 mg/l), cadmium (0.020 mg/l) and copper (0.030 mg/l) in bivalvia tissues. In general, the results indicated a high degree of contamination by heavy metals in sediments and bivalvia of three sites when compared with the control site (Rasbayad) and it is reflect the environmental pressure surrounding the coast of Tobruk, an urgently action is needed to reduce the causes of pollution and contamination by heavy metals.
Distribution and Significances of the Major Oxides in Recent Coastal Sabkha Sediments of the Al-Dafna Plateau, Northeast Tobruk, Libya
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed. A.
Published: November 2021

Twenty sabkha samples were chemically analyzed by XRF technique for determination of their major oxides concentrations. Six cores penetrated both the intertidal and supratidal flat zones developed in six wadis mouths in the coastal stretch of the Al-Dafna plateau, northeast Tobruk city. The significance distribution and concentration of the major oxides are discussed and interpreted. Elements in the raw material of the study area reflect important evidence of geochemical weathering processes that affecting parent rocks as well as conditions of sedimentation, and rate of deposition. Correlation coefficients have been used to illustrate the abundance and distribution of these elements. The distribution of major oxides are follows Si2O > CaO > LOI > Al2O3 > SO3 > MgO > Na2O > K2O. The vertical distribution of major elements is mainly controlled by the abundance and proportions of the clastics, carbonates and evaporite minerals. It was found that silica present in the form of detrital, subrounded to rounded silt- to sand-sized quartz grains, while the content of Al2O3 is associated with terrigenous argillaceous materials. On the other hand, the presence of Fe2O3 is related to the abundance of clastic materials in sabkha deposits. It was found that K2O and Na2O concentrations increase toward the sabkha surfaces.
ВИМІРЮВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ ЧЕРЕЗ УЧАСТЬ У СВІТОВИХ (SHANGHAI, TIMES, QS) ТА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ РЕЙТИНГАХ
Authors: Lugovyi Volodymyr , Sliusarenko Olena , Talanova Zhanneta
Published: November 2021

Обґрунтовано закономірний характер використання рейтингів для оцінювання якості діяльності університетів. Проаналізовано світовий досвід рейтингування з метою формування стратегій-2 розвитку вищої освіти найвищої досконалості. З’ясовано проблеми, з якими стикається Україна щодо рейтингування закладів вищої освіти. Надано пропозиції з формування в Україні культури університетського рейтингування.
The Effect of Human Resource Management Practice on Sharing Tacit Knowledge of Managers an Applied Study on Misan Center for Cardiac Diseases and Surgery
Authors: Soulaf Abdalqadir Hameed Alsady
Published: November 2021

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of human resource management practices used on theexchange of tacit knowledge, which were represented in each of (the practice of recruitment, selection andappointment, training practice, and the practice of motivation). The management of human resources isan effectiveness on which the future strategy of the organization depends, since previous decades, strongcompanies were those companies that possessed machines, technology and materials where the humanelement was insignificant and was treated as machines without taking into account its potential, feelings,development and capabilities, witnessing the economic market An accelerated daily development, and throughthis, the important role played by the human resources department in raising the performance of employeesis evident, as it provides the specialized and efficient human element that affects the organization and itsperformance. The main objective of this research is to indicate the effect of human resource managementpractices on the sharing of implicit knowledge of managers, as well as to explain the importance of implicitknowledge in employee formation in reaching executive positions in a business organization. The topic ofknowledge management has received great attention all over the world by academics, including writers,researchers, and executives from managers and officials, due to the economic and competitive advantagesthis practice achieves, bearing in mind that the most important goal of this research revolves around thebusiness organization. It is one of the most important keys to the success of the organization, and thus itis a source of competitive advantage and its importance is widely accepted at the present time. Therefore,many individuals in executive positions acknowledge that knowledge creation has an important role in theircompanies. The trend towards knowledge management began in the 1990s, when companies are now beingurged to consider knowledge creation as a source of success, because the tremendous benefit that knowledgemanagement promises is innovation.
The Effect of Mental Maps on Creative Abilities in Learning the Two Skills of Correction from High Jumping and Shooting Accuracy with Hand Ball
Authors: Yasser Mohsen Aliwi  , Wissam Qais Khazal
Published: November 2021

Mind maps are one of the modern means of expressing ideas through symbols and shapes, and it is one ofthe techniques used in the art of teaching and education through the use of mental skills in the transfer ofexternal stimuli that are formulated to the inner world. The brain (nervous system) and thus stimulating theprocesses of remembering, creativity and thinking, it is a successful method for the teacher and the student,as the teacher uses it to convey the idea and the student uses it for memory and memorization. It is also agreat model for increasing the common senses in the learning process. Hence the researchers formulatedthe problem with the following question: Do the exercises prepared by the researchers using the mindmapping method develop my creativity and learn my corrective skills from high jumping and accuratehandball? One of the aims of the research is to prepare exercises according to mental maps to teach highjump correction skills and accuracy of shooting with handball to school students. The research also assumesthat there are differences between the tests and measurements of pre and dimensions in the creative abilitiesand learning the skills of correction of high jump and accuracy in manual shooting for the two experimentaland control in favor of the meta-tests. The researchers used an experimental Lee approach on a sample ofYeh fringe students. The most important finding of the researchers is that prepared exercises, formulationand application contribute to the development of creativity among school students. They added that the mindmapping strategy is better than the traditional method through research results in the creative abilities andbasic skills under study.
Antecedents and Outcomes of Duty Orientation Among Salespeople
Authors: DeConinck James , Carnes Drew , DeConinck Mary Beth
Published: November 2021

This study analyzed the relationship among ethical leadership, duty orientation, perceived organizational support (PSS), organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and job performance among a sample of 45 sales managers and 203 salespeople. Duty orientation and perceived organizational support were found to mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and performance outcomes. Ethical leadership was a direct predictor of OCBs but not job performance. This study shows the importance of analyzing ethical leadership, duty orientation, and PSS and their relationship with OCBs and job performance in the salesforce.
Does Innovation Explain the Skewness of Stock Returns?
Authors: Baig Ahmed , Butt Hassan Anjum , Fitwi Abrar , Smith Joey
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the impact of firm-level innovation on the skewness of stock returns. Using data on a broad sample of equities from the major US stock exchanges, we find that innovative companies exhibit strong positive skewness. Our results are robust to both input and output measures of innovation as we find that increases in both firm-level research and development expenditure (R&D), as well as the number of patents, are positively associated with future stock return skewness. Our results hold using both systematic and idiosyncratic measures of skewness while controlling for various stock characteristics, time, and industry-fixed effects.
DEVELOPING APPLICATIONS BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR REMOTELY EXPLORING, DETECTING AND REPORTING DERMATOLOGICAL DISEASES
Authors: Wadhwa Saatvik
Published: November 2021

Skin infections are pervasive illnesses with apparent manifestations and influence
around 900 million individuals on the planet whenever. More than a portion of the
populace is influenced by it at an endless time. Dermatology is unsure, deplorable and
exhausting to analyze because of its difficulties. In the dermatology field, ordinarily,
careful testing is done to choose or identify the skin condition the patient might be
confronting. This might shift over the long run from expert to professional. This is
likewise founded on the individual's experience as well. Subsequently, there is a
requirement for a robotized framework that can assist a patient in diagnosing skin
infections with no imperatives. We propose a picture based computerized framework for
acknowledgement of skin infections utilizing Artificial knowledge. This framework will
use various strategies to dissect and deal with the picture information dependent on
different elements of the pictures. Since skin infections have noticeable manifestations,
we can utilize images to recognize those sicknesses. Undesirable commotion is sifted,
and the next picture is prepared for improving the vision. Complex methods are being
used for include extraction like Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) trailed by
grouping the image dependent on the calculation of softmax classifier. A determination
report is created as a yield. This framework will give more exact outcomes and create
them quicker than the conventional technique, making this application more productive
and reliable. This application can likewise be utilized as a continuous showing apparatus
for clinical understudies in the dermatology space.
The Role of The Iraqi Artist in Embodying the Environment of The Iraqi Marshes in His Drawings
Authors: Hussein Mahmoud Hussein Abdul Rahman
Published: November 2021

The studies are concerned with the heritage of the marshes environment due to its importance
and its material, historical, geographic, political, humanitarian, artistic and moral value.
Therefore, various studies and research have taken the initiative to shed light on them, including
those related to Iraqi, Arab and foreign art and artists, who dealt with them with their artistic
achievements. This study focused on three prominent Iraqi artists who dealt with the
environment of the Iraqi marshes in most of their artistic achievements, they are: (the artist
Mahoud Ahmed, the artist Ayath Al-Doori, and the artist Salam Jabbar Jiyad). This study aimed
to show the role of the Iraqi artist in embodying the environment of the Iraqi marshes in his
drawings. Her problem was defined in the form of questions about the concept of the marsh
environment and the most prominent Iraqi artists who embodied it with their artistic
accomplishments, the techniques they used, and the aesthetic features that permeated them. The
study reached important results by analyzing the samples of the research sample, and it was
found that the artists (Mahoud Ahmad, Ayath Al-Doori and Salam Jabbar) embodied the
environment of the Iraqi marshes with their artistic accomplishments using various artistic
methods and different techniques in which the aesthetic of the environment reflected all its
natural and heritage elements. Then the study led to a conclusion that included the most
important results and scientific sources that were based on it.
The Challenges of the Circular Economy in Accounting Concepts and Applications and Possible Solutions
Authors: Ibraheem Dr. Mohammed Abdullah , Ibraheem Dr. Mohammed Abdullah
Published: November 2021

The aim of the research is to clarify the most important challenges faced by the adoption of the
circular economy (CE) in accounting concepts and applications, and the possibility of solutions
and procedures to meet those challenges. The analytical approach was adopted to achieve the
research objective. Among the most important conclusions that were reached is that the
challenges were represented in the difficulty of reporting natural resources and waste resources
as assets, social responsibility as liabilities, historical cost and continuity hypothesis, risk
reporting, and the lack of rules for reporting on the circular economy. Possible solutions include
complementing the accounting information disclosure model, enhancing the concept of natural
resources assets, and improving accounting applications.
GAINFULLY USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM IN ENHANCING THE EFFICACY OF EVALUATING MALWARE DETECTION SYSTEM
Authors: Garkhel Rishit
Published: November 2021

The malware is an executable program that is very dangerous for pc or laptops. Some malware examples are adware,
ransomware, bot, keyloggers, viruses, trojan horses etc. The aggressive hike of malware is very risky in confidential data.
The limitation of existing classification algorithms is their detection performance and blocking the malware from
affecting the systems. So, it is important to create a machine learning algorithm that helps detect and remove malware.
With the help of this technique, we can remove the malware. Our research is accompanied by some classification
algorithms such as Naive Bayes, Random Forest, MLP classifier, Bagging, AdaBoost, etc. We have evaluated the
algorithms by accuracy, precision. Recall, frequency measure and others. For evaluation, we have used the WEKA
machine learning and data mining tool. After implementing various algorithms, we concluded that the best accuracy of
99.2% is achieved by random forest.
Developing an Integrated Model to Enhance the Efficiency in the Detection and Erasing of Duplicate Files from Cloud
Authors: Garkhel Rishit
Published: November 2021

Identifying and disposing of the copied document is one of the serious issues in the wide space of information
cleaning and information quality in the framework. Ordinarily, a similar sensible true element might have
numerous portrayals in the information distribution centre. Copy disposal is hard because it is brought about by a
few blunders like typographical mistakes and various pictures of similar consistent worth. Our primary aim of this
study is to recognise specific and inaccurate representations by utilising copy description and end rules. This
methodology is used to work on the proficiency of the information. The significance of information precision and
quality has expanded with the blast of information size. In the copy disposal step, just one duplicate of accurate
copied records or documents is held and dispensed with other copy records or documents. The end cycle is vital to
delivering cleaning information. Before the end sequence, the similitude limit esteems are determined for every one
of the records available in the informational collection. The closeness limit admires significant for the end
communication.
The impact of aerobic pretreatment of agro and industrial wastes on their biomethanation potential in Nisargruna technology
Authors: Shubhada Nayak  , Madhuri Sahasrabuddhe  , Sharad Kale
Published: November 2021

Anaerobic digestion is among the essential biological techniques used for stabilization of organic sludge from sewage and highly concentrated efflu-ents from food processing industries. It also recycles the municipal solid wastes into compost with simultaneous production of methane. The current study was performed to estimate the biomethanation potential of various agro- and industrial wastes like Jatropha de-oil cake, prawn shells, chicken feathers, bagasse, rice straw and wheat husk by mimicking the conditions in the biphasic Nisargruna biogas plant. A small volume of samples was chemi-cally characterized and allowed to decompose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to determine the effect of aerobic predigestion (i.e. phase 1 of Nisargruna plant) on final methane production. The biogas produced was quantified by downward displacement of water. The observations indicated that approximately 60-80% methane was produced when Jatropha de-oil cake, prawn shells and rice straw was used. Conversely, the wheat straw and sugarcane wastes showed less methane formation, which may be due to the presence of complex polymers like lignocellulose and silica that considerably reduces the metabolic potential of microorganisms.
Contribution to the phytoecological study of the biodiversity of the dune cord of El-Mesrane in the Wilaya (Province) of Djelfa in Algeria
Authors: Senni Rachida  , De Belair Gérard  , Abdelkrim Hacene  , Benabdeli Kheloufi
Published: November 2021

The various dune fixation actions began in 1982 in the study area (El Mesrane –Djelfa) at the level of the dune ridge with very interesting results, on the one hand for the control of desertification through the creation of a microclimate that ensures the ecological sustainability of fragile ecosystems. This work was carried out in the two projects (1) and (2) in the study area. The objective of the study is summarized in the floristic and ecological char-acterization of the vegetation subject to fixation and other left without fixa-tion or natural regeneration. These dunes have a poorer floristic diversity than those fixed by Retama Retam webb and Tamarix gallica. A significant diversity of 26 species was encountered on dunes naturally fixed by vegeta-tion.The Shannon-Weiner diversity index for the vegetation of natural fixa-tion was found to be H’= 2.05; however, this index for dunes naturally fixed by Retama retam and Tamarix gallicawas 2,61 and 2,5, respectively. In gen-eral, dicotyledonous plant families such as the Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae were mostly encountered. Moreover, the distribution of biologic types is mainly characterized by the predominance of Chamephytes and The-rophytes. The degradation of the environment due to the anthropogenic pressure favors the high presence of Therophytes. These findings allowed deducing that the degradation of vegetation is mainly attributed to climatic conditions and overgrazing.
Parasite load of raw wastewater from the city of Biskra’s discharge outfalls - Z’mor and Biskra valleys (Algeria)
Authors: Fateh Guemmaz  , Mohamed Tewfik Bouziane  , Ismail Daoud  , Fethi Benbelaïd  , Redouane Rebai
Published: November 2021

Algeria, like other arid and semi-arid African countries, is confronted by problems related to rapid population growth and water stress (water short-age). This stress fosters raw wastewater reuse in market gardening and hor-ticulture. The advantages of this wastewater consist of their nutrients whose organic materials contribute to soils enrichment with humus, as well as their availability in large quantities. However, raw wastewater reuse entails a po-tential risk of environmental and water resources pollution. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the parasite load of raw wastewater from the city of Biskra’s discharge outfalls (Biskra valley and Z'mor valley), while consider-ing the demographic and socio-economic profile of populations connected to these outfalls. Our results revealed a variety of parasites in the form of hel-minths eggs at the following average concentrations: Ascaris sp. (33.66 eggs/L,), Trichuris sp. (22 eggs/L), Enterobius vermicularis (19.58 eggs/L), Ancy-lostoma sp. (17.41 eggs/L), Nematodirus sp. 17.83 (eggs/L), Hymenolepis nana (21.66 eggs/L), Moniezia expansa (16.5 eggs/L), Taenia sp. (18.5 eggs/L), Fasciola hepatica (0.58 eggs/L) and Strongyloides spp (17.11 eggs/L). The parasitic helminths eggs distribution varies according to the size of urban areas and the socio-economic level of populations connected to each outfall. This study also highlighted the qualitative and quantitative seasonal varia-tions of helminths eggs in wastewater from Biskra’s two outfalls.
Exploring the Solar System with the NOIRLab Source Catalog I: Detecting Objects with CANFind
Authors: Fasbender Katie M. , Nidever David L.
Published: November 2021

Despite extensive searches and the relative proximity of solar system objects (SSOs) to Earth, many remain undiscovered and there is still much to learn about their properties and interactions. This work is the first in a series dedicated to detecting and analyzing SSOs in the all-sky NOIRLab Source Catalog (NSC). We search the first data release of the NSC with CANFind, a Computationally Automated NSC tracklet Finder. NSC DR1 contains 34 billion measurements of 2.9 billion unique objects, which CANFind categorizes as belonging to “stationary” (distant stars, galaxies) or moving (SSOs) objects via an iterative clustering method. Detections of stationary bodies for proper-motion μ ≤ 2.″5 hr−1 (0.°017 day−1) are identified and analyzed separately. Remaining detections belonging to high-μ objects are clustered together over single nights to form “tracklets.” Each tracklet contains detections of an individual moving object, and is validated based on spatial linearity and motion through time. Proper motions are then calculated and used to connect tracklets and other unassociated measurements over multiple nights by predicting their locations at common times, forming “tracks.” This method extracted 527,055 tracklets from NSC DR1 in an area covering 29,971 square degrees of the sky. The data show distinct groups of objects with similar observed μ in ecliptic coordinates, namely Main Belt Asteroids, Jupiter Trojans, and Kuiper Belt Objects. Apparent magnitudes range from 10 to 25 mag in the ugrizY and VR bands. Color–color diagrams show a bimodality of tracklets between primarily carbonaceous and siliceous groups, supporting prior studies.
A General Origin for Multiplanetary Systems With Significantly Misaligned USP Planets
Authors: Brefka L. , Becker J. C.
Published: November 2021

Ultra-short-period (USP) planets are exoplanets that have orbital periods of less than one day and are unique because they orbit inside the nominal magnetic truncation gap of their host stars. In some cases, USP planets have also been observed to exhibit unique dynamical parameters such as significant misalignments in inclination angle with respect to nearby planets. In this paper, we explore how the geometry of a multiplanet system hosting a USP planet can be expected to evolve as a star ages. In particular, we explore the relationship between the mutual inclination of the USP planet and the quadrupole moment (J
2) of the host star. We use secular perturbation theory to predict the past evolution of the example TOI-125 system, and then confirm the validity of our results using long-term N-body simulations. Through investigating how the misalignment between the candidate USP planet and the three other short-period planets in the TOI-125 system arose, we intend to derive a better understanding of the population of systems with misaligned USP planets and how their observed parameters can be explained in the context of their dynamical histories.
Unexpected Short-period Variability in Dwarf Carbon Stars from the Zwicky Transient Facility
Authors: Roulston Benjamin R. , Green Paul J. , Toonen Silvia , Hermes J. J.
Published: November 2021

Dwarf carbon (dC) stars, main-sequence stars showing carbon molecular bands, are enriched by mass transfer from a previous asymptotic-giant-branch (AGB) companion, which has since evolved to a white dwarf. While previous studies have found radial-velocity variations for large samples of dCs, there are still relatively few dC orbital periods in the literature and no dC eclipsing binaries have yet been found. Here, we analyze photometric light curves from DR5 of the Zwicky Transient Facility for a sample of 944 dC stars. From these light curves, we identify 34 periodically variable dC stars. Remarkably, of the periodic dCs, 82% have periods less than two days. We also provide spectroscopic follow-up for four of these periodic systems, measuring radial velocity variations in three of them. Short-period dCs are almost certainly post-common-envelope binary systems, because the periodicity is most likely related to the orbital period, with tidally locked rotation and photometric modulation on the dC either from spots or from ellipsoidal variations. We discuss evolutionary scenarios that these binaries may have taken to accrete sufficient C-rich material while avoiding truncation of the thermally pulsing AGB phase needed to provide such material in the first place. We compare these dCs to common-envelope models to show that dC stars probably cannot accrete enough C-rich material during the common-envelope phase, suggesting another mechanism like wind-Roche lobe overflow is necessary. The periodic dCs in this paper represent a prime sample for spectroscopic follow-up and for comparison to future models of wind-Roche lobe overflow mass transfer.
Ultra-High-energy Cosmic Rays from beyond the Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuz’min Horizon
Authors: Owen Ellis R. , Han Qin , Wu Kinwah , Yap Y. X. Jane , Surajbali Pooja
Published: November 2021

Ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays (CRs) of energies ∼(1018–1020) eV, accelerated in violent astrophysical environments, interact with cosmic background radiation fields via photo-hadronic processes, leading to strong attenuation. Typically, the Universe would become “opaque” to UHE CRs after several tens of megaparsecs, setting the boundary of the Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuz’min (GZK) horizon. In this work, we investigate the contribution of sources beyond the conventional GZK horizon to the UHE CR flux observed on Earth, when photospallation of the heavy nuclear CRs is taken into account. We demonstrate that this contribution is substantial, despite the strong attenuation of UHE CRs. A significant consequence is the emergence of an isotropic background component in the observed flux of UHE CRs, coexisting with the anisotropic foreground component that is associated with nearby sources. Multi-particle CR horizons, which evolve over redshift, are determined by the CR nuclear composition. Thus, they are dependent on the source populations and source evolutionary histories.
Galaxy Stellar Mass Functions from z ∼ 10 to z ∼ 6 using the Deepest Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera Data: No Significant Evolution in the Stellar-to-halo Mass Ratio of Galaxies in the First Gigayear of Cosmic Time
Authors: Stefanon Mauro , Bouwens Rychard J. , Labbé Ivo , Illingworth Garth D. , Gonzalez Valentino , Oesch Pascal A.
Published: November 2021

We present new stellar mass functions at z ∼ 6, z ∼ 7, z ∼ 8, z ∼ 9 and, for the first time, z ∼ 10, constructed from ∼800 Lyman-break galaxies previously identified over the eXtreme Deep Field and Hubble Ultra-Deep Field parallel fields and the five Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey fields. Our study is distinctive due to (1) the much deeper (∼200 hr) wide-area Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) imaging at 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm from the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey Re-ionization Era Wide-area Treasury from Spitzer program (GREATS) and (2) consideration of z ∼ 6–10 sources over a 3× larger area than those of previous Hubble Space Telescope+Spitzer studies. The Spitzer/IRAC data enable ≥2σ rest-frame optical detections for an unprecedented 50% of galaxies down to a stellar mass limit of

∼

10

8



⊙

across all redshifts. Schechter fits to our volume densities suggest a combined evolution in the characteristic mass



*

and normalization factor ϕ
* between z ∼ 6 and z ∼ 8. The stellar mass density (SMD) increases by ∼1000× in the ∼500 Myr between z ∼ 10 and z ∼ 6, with indications of a steeper evolution between z ∼ 10 and z ∼ 8, similar to the previously reported trend of the star formation rate density. Strikingly, abundance matching to the Bolshoi–Planck simulation indicates halo mass densities evolving at approximately the same rate as the SMD between z ∼ 10 and z ∼ 4. Our results show that the stellar-to-halo mass ratios, a proxy for the star formation efficiency, do not change significantly over the huge stellar mass buildup occurred from z ∼ 10 to z ∼ 6, indicating that the assembly of stellar mass closely mirrors the buildup in halo mass in the first ∼1 Gyr of cosmic history. The James Webb Space Telescope is poised to extend these results into the “first galaxy” epoch at z ≳ 10.
Galactic Extinction: How Many Novae Does It Hide and How Does It Affect the Galactic Nova Rate?
Authors: Kawash A. , Chomiuk L. , Rodriguez J. A. , Strader J. , Sokolovsky K. V. , Aydi E. , Kochanek C. S. , Stanek K. Z. , Mukai K. , De K. , Shappee B. , Holoien T. W.-S. , Prieto J. L. , Thompson T. A.
Published: November 2021

There is a long-standing discrepancy between the observed Galactic classical nova rate of ∼10 yr−1 and the predicted rate from Galactic models of ∼30–50 yr−1. One explanation for this discrepancy is that many novae are hidden by interstellar extinction, but the degree to which dust can obscure novae is poorly constrained. We use newly available all-sky three-dimensional dust maps to compare the brightness and spatial distribution of known novae to that predicted from relatively simple models in which novae trace Galactic stellar mass. We find that only half (53%) of the novae are expected to be easily detectable (g ≲ 15) with current all-sky optical surveys such as the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN). This fraction is much lower than previously estimated, showing that dust does substantially affect nova detection in the optical. By comparing complementary survey results from the ASAS-SN, OGLE-IV, and Palomar Gattini IR surveys using our modeling, we find a tentative Galactic nova rate of ∼30 yr−1, though this could be as high as ∼40 yr−1, depending on the assumed distribution of novae within the Galaxy. These preliminary estimates will be improved in future work through more sophisticated modeling of nova detection in ASAS-SN and other surveys.
Late Afterglow Bump/Plateau around the Jet Break: Signature of a Free-to-shocked Wind Environment in Gamma-Ray Burst
Authors: Li Xiao-Yan , Lin Da-Bin , Ren Jia , Hou Shu-Jin , Li Yu-Fei , Wang Xiang-Gao , Liang En-Wei
Published: November 2021

A number of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) exhibit the simultaneous bumps in their optical and X-ray afterglows around the jet break. These bumps are similar to the afterglows of GRB 170817A, except preceded by a long shallow decay. Its origin is unclear. We suggest that these late simultaneous bumps may sound a transition of circumburst environment from a free-wind medium to a constant density medium, e.g., the shocked-wind medium. In this paper, we study the emission of an external-forward shock propagating in a free-to-shocked wind environment at different viewing angles. The late simultaneous bumps/plateaux followed by a steep decay are found in the optical and X-ray afterglows for high-viewing-angle observers. In addition, these theoretical bumps are preceded by a long plateau or shallow decay, which is formed during the external-forward shock propagating in the free-wind environment. For low-viewing-angle observers, the above bumps also appear but only in the situation where the structured jet has a low characteristic angle and the deceleration radius of the in-core jet flow is at around or beyond the free-wind boundary. We search GRBs for afterglows with the late simultaneous optical and X-ray bumps followed by a steep decay. GRBs 120326A, 100901A, 100814A, and 120404A are obtained. We find that an off-core (in-core) observed external-forward shock in a free-to-shocked wind environment can well explain the optical and X-ray afterglows in GRBs 120326A, 100901A, and 100814A (GRB 120404A).
A Spectroscopic Study of Supernova Remnants with the Infrared Space Observatory*
Authors: Millard Matthew J. , Ravi Aravind P. , Rho Jeonghee , Park Sangwook
Published: November 2021

We present far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopy of supernova remnants (SNRs) based on the archival data of the Infrared Space Observatory taken with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS). Our sample includes previously unpublished profiles of line and continuum spectra for 20 SNRs in the Galaxy and Magellanic Clouds. In several SNRs including G21.5–0.9, G29.7–0.3, the Crab Nebula, and G320.4–1.2, we find evidence for broad [O i], [O iii], [N ii], and [C ii] lines with velocity dispersions up to a few 103 km s−1, indicating that they are associated with high-velocity SN ejecta. Our detection of Doppler-broadened atomic emission lines and a bright FIR continuum hints at the presence of newly formed dust in SN ejecta. For G320.4–1.2, we present the first estimate of an ejecta-dust mass of 0.1–0.2 M
⊙, which spatially coincides with the broad-line emission, by applying a blackbody model fit with components of the SNR and background emission. Our sample includes raster maps of 63 μm, 145 μm [O i], and 158 μm [C ii] lines toward SNRs Kes 79, CTB 109, and IC 443. Based on these line intensities, we suggest interacting shock types in these SNRs. Finally, we compare our LWS spectra of our sample SNRs with the spectra of several H ii regions, and discuss their FIR line intensity ratios and continuum properties. Follow-up observations with modern instruments (e.g., JWST and SOFIA) with higher spatial and spectral resolution are encouraged for an extensive study of the SN ejecta and the SN dust.
Self-management Behavior Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Van , Wantonoro Wantonoro , Suryaningsih Endang Koni
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is chronic diseases with serious complications and reduces the quality of life of patients. Evidence based strategies to enhance diabetes self-management may prevent complications and enhance the quality of life for patients is needed.

AIM: This study to summarize the types of intervention strategies used to enhance diabetes self-management behaviors in adult individuals type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHOD: This study was used Literature review randomized controlled trials study. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library data base were used. Jadad scale checklist was used to evaluate quality appraisal included in the study.

RESULTS: Twenty-six randomized controlled trials studies were included in this review. Overall, quality of the studies was high-quality. Varied interventions included studies at different countries were found to enhance diabetes self-management behaviors in T2DM patients. In addition, almost type interventions were reported a significant enhancement diabetes self-management behaviors especially in adults with type 2 diabetes patients.

CONCLUSION: Varied self-management behavior interventions in diabetes mellitus. This review suggested for investigate best intervention to enhance diabetes self-management behaviors in different cultural for best outcomes.
Long-term outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients treated according to hospital visit time
Authors: Oh Seok , Hyun Dae Young , Cho Kyung Hoon , Kim Ju Han , Jeong Myung Ho
Published: November 2021

Background/Aims: Rapid percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the cornerstone of treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, there have been conflicting results regarding the differences in clinical outcomes between on-hours and off-hours presentation in STEMI patients. We aimed to examine the difference in long-term outcomes between off-hours and on-hours PCI in patients with STEMI.Methods: The characteristics and clinical outcomes of 5,364 STEMI patients between November 2011 and June 2015 from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institutes of Health (KAMIR-NIH) registry were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: the off-hours group (weekdays from 6:01 PM to 7:59 AM, weekends, and legal holidays) and the on-hours group (weekdays from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM). Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) were defined as a composite of allcause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, any revascularization, cerebrovascular accident, and stent thrombosis. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of MACCEs, and all other clinical outcomes were analyzed.Results: A total of 3,119 patients (58.1%) underwent primary PCI due to STEMI during off-hours and 2,245 patients (41.9%) during on-hours. At 36 months, the clinical outcomes of the off-hours group were similar to those of the on-hours group in both the unadjusted and propensity score weighting-adjusted analyses.Conclusions: Our analysis revealed that the long-term outcomes in STEMI patients admitted to hospitals during off-hours were similar to outcomes of those admitted during on-hours.
La « seconde révolution darwinienne »
Authors: Tort Patrick
Published: November 2021

En transformant suivant ses besoins un milieu primitivement hostile en adjuvant de survie, l’Homme, par la civilisation, s’est largement affranchi de la sélection naturelle. Plus profondément, la sélection des instincts sociaux, en elle-même propice à l’accroissement des capacités rationnelles, a favorisé l’organisation communautaire, la coopération, la généralisation des conduites solidaires, l’intensification des sentiments affectifs, ainsi que l’extension progressive du sentiment de sympathie, de la morale, du droit, de la protection des faibles et de la reconnaissance de l’autre comme semblable. Accomplissant le devoir – qu’imposait la première révolution introduite dans la science du vivant par L’Origine des espèces – d’inscrire clairement l’espèce humaine dans la série animale, La Filiation de l’Homme et la sélection liée au sexe remplit simultanément, en 1871, l’obligation de définir à son propos le mécanisme qui effectue son passage dans la civilisation : par la voie des instincts sociaux, la sélection naturelle sélectionne la civilisation, qui s’oppose à la sélection naturelle. C’est cet effet réversif de l’évolution, auquel Patrick Tort a pédagogiquement attaché la métaphore topologique du ruban de Möbius, qui permet aujourd’hui de penser la seconde révolution opérée par Darwin anthropologue comme un renversement sans rupture, permettant enfin une intelligence non réductrice des relations entre les sciences naturelles et les sciences sociales.
Capitalisme et hypertélie
Authors: Ebobisse Wonja
Published: November 2021

Quels sont les enjeux de l’hypothèse de Patrick Tort selon laquelle le capitalisme, et la civilisation dont il procède, sont par nature hypertéliques ? Si le terme d’hypertélie désigne en sciences le surdéveloppement d’une structure anatomique pouvant entraîner une gêne, l’analyse de Tort en propose une nouvelle intelligibilité au travers du double mécanisme de fragilisation et de surcompensation. C’est ce double mécanisme que l’on retrouve, du point de vue naturaliste, dans le procès de civilisation, qui correspond à la transformation rationnelle par l’espèce humaine de son milieu naturel en « adjuvant de survie ». Les facultés rationnelles de l’espèce humaine, surcompensant une faiblesse organique native, peuvent alors être dites hypertéliques. Quel enseignement peut-on tirer alors de l’évolution de ce double mécanisme au sein de la civilisation si on l’étudie à travers l’analyse de la dynamique des systèmes économiques à l’échelle planétaire ? Quel lien établir entre rationalité et économie capitaliste ?
Professionnalisation empêchée et bénévolisation du travail des tuteurs de service civique
Authors: Ihaddadene Florence
Published: November 2021

L’accompagnement des volontaires en service civique est présenté comme une plus-value du dispositif, véritable contrepartie à leur engagement quasi gratuit. Or, ce « tutorat » est confié à de jeunes femmes salariées, souvent recrutées parmi les anciennes volontaires. La mission, faiblement prescrite, repose alors sur leur implication personnelle. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique de quatre ans et de l’analyse de 20 entretiens avec des tuteurs et tutrices, l’article propose d’analyser la bénévolisation du travail des tuteurs et tutrices, à l’aune de ses effets sur leur professionnalisation. L’« éthique du proche », qui sous-tend la politique de l’accompagnement, encourage une relation individualisée et bénévole. Ce travail assigné aux femmes est prétexte à une négation de leur qualification professionnelle.
Clustering algorithm with strength of connectedness for $ m $-polar fuzzy network models
Authors: Akram Muhammad ,   Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan, Siddique Saba , Alharbi Majed G. ,   Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Arts, Al Mithnab, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
Published: November 2021

In this research study, we first define the strong degree of a vertex in an $ m $-polar fuzzy graph. Then we present various useful properties and prove some results concerning this new concept, in the case of complete $ m $-polar fuzzy graphs. Further, we introduce the concept of $ m $-polar fuzzy strength sequence of vertices, and we also investigate it in the particular instance of complete $ m $-polar fuzzy graphs. We discuss connectivity parameters in $ m $-polar fuzzy graphs with precise examples, and we investigate the $ m $-polar fuzzy analogue of Whitney's theorem. Furthermore, we present a clustering method for vertices in an $ m $-polar fuzzy graph based on the strength of connectedness between pairs of vertices. In order to formulate this method, we introduce terminologies such as $ \epsilon_A $-reachable vertices in $ m $-polar fuzzy graphs, $ \epsilon_A $-connected $ m $-polar fuzzy graphs, or $ \epsilon_A $-connected $ m $-polar fuzzy subgraphs (in case the $ m $-polar fuzzy graph itself is not $ \epsilon_A $-connected). Moreover, we discuss an application for clustering different companies in consideration of their multi-polar uncertain information. We then provide an algorithm to clearly understand the clustering methodology that we use in our application. Finally, we present a comparative analysis of our research work with existing techniques to prove its applicability and effectiveness.
Multiphase modelling of glioma pseudopalisading under acidosis
Authors: Kumar Pawan ,   Felix-Klein-Zentrum für Mathematik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 31, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany, Surulescu Christina , Zhigun Anna ,   School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
Published: November 2021

We propose a multiphase modeling approach to describe glioma pseudopalisade patterning under the influence of acidosis. The phases considered at the model onset are glioma, normal tissue, necrotic matter, and interstitial fluid in a void-free volume with acidity represented by proton concentration. We start from mass and momentum balance to characterize the respective volume fractions and deduce reaction-cross diffusion equations for the space-time evolution of glioma, normal tissue, and necrosis. These are supplemented with a reaction-diffusion equation for the acidity dynamics and lead to formation of patterns which are typical for high grade gliomas. Unlike previous works, our deduction also works in higher dimensions and involves less restrictions. We also investigate the existence of weak solutions to the obtained system of equations and perform numerical simulations to illustrate the solution behavior and the pattern occurrence.
A Prototype of a Robot Capable of Tracking Anyone with a High Body Temperature in Crowded Areas
Authors: Chaari Mohamed Zied , Aljaberi Abdulaziz
Published: November 2021

People's health and the world economy around worldwide are under the impact of the virus. Controlling the propagation of coronavirus is extraordinarily challenging after the seventeen months since the pandemic outbreak. This research will represent the efficiency of robots in helping humanity in facing the Corona pandemic and the global health crisis. According to the quick and widespread Covid-19 contagion globally, healthcare service demand increased staff with less availability. In this crisis, robotics is the safe solution at a low price to support people to fight Covid-19.Furthermore, it is essential to relax lockdown restrictions after the increase in the number of people vaccinated. In this context, we designed a mobile robot with a thermal temperature scanner for pedestrians and identified those with abnormal temperatures over 39°C in public places and track them in real time. This robot features a long-lasting, lightweight battery and a high-quality thermal camera. Our primary target is to reduce the risk of transmission between people.  We use a single-board computer and a thermal camera to detect unusual fevers near real-time to achieve this design and prototyping. In addition, we use image processing to detect target pedestrians and a control system to guide the robot. This robot can bypass any potential obstacles that can prevent it from moving around and cause problems. The development of this robot mainly focuses on the real-time measurement of body temperature at a distance of two meters. The compensation algorithm can coordinate between the mechanical parts of the robot and high-efficiency design.