bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“VOCÊ JÁ ESTUDOU SOBRE AQUECIMENTO GLOBAL NA ESCOLA?”: CONTRAPONTOS DE ESTUDANTES AMAZÔNIDAS DO CAMPO E DA CIDADE
Authors: Tavares Nayara Ricele Da Costa , Novais Jaílson Santos de
Published: October 2021

Diferentes áreas do conhecimento discutem sobre aquecimento global. A temática suscita muitos debates devido ao dissenso entre pesquisadores e outros setores sociais sobre a existência, as causas e os efeitos do aquecimento da Terra. A escola é um dos espaços onde esse debate comumente ocorre. Considerando que a Amazônia desempenha um papel central na discussão sobre o aquecimento planetário, neste trabalho, investigamos quais as principais fontes de informação sobre aquecimento global a que estudantes têm acesso, bem como se a escola aborda esse assunto. Participaram da investigação 249 estudantes do ensino fundamental em duas escolas municipais de Santarém, Pará, sendo uma na zona urbana e outra na zona rural. Um questionário foi aplicado aos participantes durante aulas de ciências. Os resultados apontam que a escola trabalhava a temática ambiental por meio de exercícios e leituras, principalmente na disciplina geografia. Contudo, aparentemente não abordava alguns elementos estabelecidos nos parâmetros curriculares nacionais e no programa de ensino da rede municipal de educação, à época da pesquisa (2012). A televisão demonstrou ser um meio de difusão frequente da temática entre estudantes. Porém, outras fontes de informação foram relatadas, como a internet, na zona urbana, e o livro didático, na zona rural. Informações da mídia podem ser um instrumento útil de debate na escola, no entanto, o embasamento científico é fundamental para enriquecer a discussão e questionar criticamente informações equivocadas.
O USO DE MAPAS CONCEITUAIS COMO INSTRUMENTO DE ENSINO E AVALIAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA DOS CONCEITOS RELACIONADOS A QUÍMICA DO PETRÓLEO
Authors: Marins da Silva Dias Sandralice , Terra Wagner Da Silva
Published: October 2021

O Ensino de Química é comumente estruturado em torno de atividades que levam à memorização de informações e repetição mecânica de conceitos, o que pode culminar na limitação do aprendizado dos alunos. Dentro deste contexto, é necessário procurar executar novas propostas e estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem, assim como materiais e instrumentos potencialmente significativos, a fim de viabilizar a amplificação da qualidade do ensino. Nesta perspectiva, Mapas Conceituais apresentam-se como instrumentos flexíveis e dinâmicos, que podem ser utilizados em sala de aula ou laboratório. Deste modo, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi a utilização de Mapas Conceituais com intuito de contribuir para uma aprendizagem mais significativa dos alunos da parte experimental da disciplina de “Tecnologias Regionais II” do Curso Técnico em Química do Instituto Federal Fluminense (IFFluminense) campus Campos Centro. Os mapas foram elaborados a partir do software CmapTools, e posteriormente anexados ao material didático de duas turmas do módulo IV do Curso Técnico em Química, os quais foram utilizados durante o segundo semestre letivo de 2018. Em busca de evidências da eficácia da utilização dos Mapas Conceituais para contribuir para uma aprendizagem mais significativa, foi introduzido um Questionário de Opinião contendo perguntas mistas a fim de detectar a percepção dos discentes acerca do instrumento de ensino utilizado. Mapas Conceituais também foram utilizados como instrumentos de avaliação, os quais foram elaborados pelos estudantes em três momentos distintos, sendo estes, ao início do semestre e ao final do primeiro e segundo bimestres. Esses mapas tinham intuito de procurar indícios que apontassem para uma aprendizagem mais significativa, assim como, averiguar a evolução conceitual dos discentes. Por meio da análise dos questionários e dos Mapas Conceituais elaborados pelos educandos, observou-se, de modo geral, uma evolução conceitual progressiva e sinais apontando para uma aprendizagem mais significativa, além de indicar que materiais potencialmente significativos podem contribuir para auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
PROCESSOS FORMATIVOS E MEDIAÇÃO EM CENTROS E MUSEUS DE CIÊNCIAS: O CASO DE UM CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DE VITÓRIA/ES
Authors: Janjacomo Jonathan Pires , Coelho Geide Rosa
Published: October 2021

A pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender os processos formativos que influenciam na constituição dos sujeitos quanto aos seus saberes e fazeres da mediação em um centro de ciências. Para alcançar o objetivo assumimos como delineamento metodológico o estudo de caso e como sujeitos os mediadores de um centro de ciências de Vitória – ES. Os dados foram produzidos por meio da participação como mediador voluntário do primeiro autor dessa pesquisa que realizou duas rodas de conversa que foram gravadas em áudio e posteriormente transcritas. Os dados foram analisados a partir do referencial freiriano em articulação com os saberes docentes e os saberes da mediação em centros de ciências. Os resultados demonstraram influência das mídias eletrônicas como fonte de inspiração bem como os processos de escolarização, principalmente no que se refere aos saberes pedagógicos. Outro aspecto evidenciado é o processo de formação centrado na autoformação dos mediadores.
ABORDAGEM DO TEMA SOCIOAMBIENTAL “LIXO EM MEIO AQUÁTICO”: UMA ESTRATÉGIA REFLEXIVA COM ENFOQUE CTS NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA
Authors: Paulain João Bosco , Farias Sidilene Aquino de
Published: October 2021

Este estudo teve por finalidade analisar as contribuições do tema socioambiental “Lixo em Meio Aquático” para promover a reflexão e o posicionamento de estudantes do Ensino Médio frente às relações ciência, tecnologia e sociedade no mundo contemporâneo. Para tanto, adotamos a pesquisa qualitativa, que direciona para a compreensão dos fenômenos que ocorrem em situações de aprendizagem. A pesquisa contou com a participação de 18 alunos dos três níveis do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública. Os dados foram coletados mediante o desenvolvimento de um curso temático, por meio de produções textuais e discursos registrados em relação à participação dos estudantes durante as atividades. Esses dados foram tratados de acordo com os pressupostos da Análise Textual Discursiva e estruturados a partir de subtemas abordados no curso. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a proposta contribuiu para que os estudantes conseguissem estabelecer relações entre os saberes cotidianos e químicos a partir do tema trabalhado. Nesse sentido, a estratégia favoreceu a conscientização e reeducação socioambiental dos participantes da pesquisa.
A invisibilidade das mulheres na física: um recorte nos últimos 12 anos na produção de eventos e revistas de alto impacto
Authors: Pandini Camila De Andrade , Bartelmebs Roberta Chiesa , Tegon Maria Milena Figueira
Published: October 2021

A participação das mulheres nas carreiras científicas, tem sido um tema muito recorrente nos estudos atuais. Pesquisas têm mostrado que, em determinadas áreas, a participação feminina tem aumentado e até ultrapassado homens, mas isso não se aplica ao caso da Física. Um dos desafios para a maior representatividade de mulheres na carreira de Física, é causado por ser uma área considerada essencialmente masculina por muitos, o que resulta na desmotivação de meninas em seguir neste campo. Entendemos que uma das maneiras de mudar esta visão de mundo sobre as mulheres na Física, é a  maior representatividade delas em revistas ou eventos científicos da área. O presente artigo faz uma revisão de modo a verificar se houve, nos últimos 12 anos, de 2008 a 2020, algum aumento desta representação. Para isso, selecionou-se cinco revistas e cinco eventos nacionais e internacionais de alto impacto. Os dados recolhidos revelam uma discrepância bastante alta na quantidade de publicação entre homens e mulheres. Portanto esse trabalho demonstra, que ainda há muito a ser feito na área da Física para que haja uma equidade na produção científica e na participação feminina nas publicações da área.
Reconstruindo alguns modelos sobre luz e visão da história da ciência
Authors: Nardi Roberto , Alvarado Guzmán Lisbeth Lorena
Published: October 2021

Ao longo da história se há tecido concepções sobre a luz e a visão que se evidenciam em campos tão diversos como a física, a teologia, a psicologia, a biologia, entre outros. Isto têm implicado no desenvolvimento de tecnologias com diversas aplicações, ao mesmo tempo, em que alcançam novos entendimentos e outros fenômenos surgiram. O objetivo fundamental deste artigo é fazer um tour por alguns modelos de luz e visão que foram coletados da história da óptica, dando atenção especial a refração. Da mesma forma, traz uma breve discussão sobre a tecnologia e suas relações com a ciência por meio da análise do papel da câmera escura como análogo ao olho, expandindo a compreensão do mecanismo da visão e mostrando uma gama de aplicações provenientes de campos tão diversos como a pintura. Conclui-se que a história da óptica é extensa e repleta de detalhes que nos mostram como a ciência se desenvolve através de controvérsias, da comunicação entre cientistas e da necessidade de explicar, prever e criar fenômenos. Longe de pretender ser exaustivo na apresentação dos modelos, o que se evidencia é a demarcação dos fenômenos e a estabilização dos fatos que dão origem a um modelo teórico. Por fim, são sugeridas algumas contribuições para os professores a partir de uma perspectiva da natureza da ciência e da tecnologia que podem ser consideradas em sala de aula.
Epistemologia dos experimentos mentais, argumentação e explicações científicas no ensino de Física e de Ciências
Authors: Guimarães Ricardo Rangel
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a Epistemologia dos Experimentos Mentais (EM), a sua importância na História da Ciência e relevância metodológica para a aprendizagem de conceitos no Ensino de Física. Pretende-se defender que EM podem ser utilizados como argumentos na educação científica, no sentido de serem explicativos e informativos, possibilitando ao aluno uma melhor compreensão de conceitos científicos. Existem autores muito importantes na discussão sobre os usos do argumento e da argumentação no ensino, que desenvolveram trabalhos analisando a natureza e relevância dos EM na ciência, bem como outros debates e discussões da Epistemologia e da Filosofia da Ciência que trataram da noção clássica de explicação científica e da natureza do conhecimento científico. Também será discutida a utilização não apenas dos argumentos dedutivos na História da Ciência via EM, como na análise crítica da clássica demonstração da queda dos corpos de Galileu, por exemplo, dentre outros casos na História da Ciência, mas também outros exemplos históricos, onde argumentos indutivos-abdutivos como inferências a melhor explicação (IME) podem ser um interessante recurso heurístico para fornecer explicações científicas. O que se pretende minimamente mostrar, ao final, é que a utilização dos EM como argumentos na educação científica, através do recurso didático da argumentação, sejam eles indutivos como a IME ou dedutivos, pode trazer contribuições significativas para a aprendizagem em ciências, através de uma análise crítica dos mesmos por parte dos alunos, procurando com isso fomentar nos estudantes pensamento crítico e entendimento, em que estes possam oferecer explicações racionais para os fenômenos científicos.
Frequency of Albuminuria in Diabetic Patients Presenting with Macrovascular Complications
Authors: Mukhtar Sayed Tahir , Nauman Rahi Mirza , Muhammad Fida , Raees Aisha Bint , Majeed Irfan , Majeed Sana
Published: October 2021

Objective: The purpose of this research paper is to determine the frequency of albuminuria in diabetic patients presenting with macrovascular complications. Study Design: Descriptive study Place and Duration: The study was conducted at the Medicine department of Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi for duration of six months from December 2020 to May 2021. Methods: Total hundred patients of both genders had diabetic mellitus with macrovascular complications were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 18-60 years. Patients’ detailed demographics including age, sex, body mass index and blood pressure were recorded after taking informed written consent. Two tests were performed for albuminuria, one was heating method of albumin detection in a test tube and second was dipstick method. An albumin level more than 30mg was judged significant in a hospital laboratory study using 24-hour urine protein samples. SPSS 25.0 version was used to analyze the complete data. Results: Mean age of the patients was 45.19±9.88 years with mean BMI 29.18±6.71 kg/m2. Majority of the patients 58 (58%) were males and 42 (42%) were females. Mean duration of diabetes was 4.3±4.8 years. 17 (17%) had diabetes type 1 and 83 (83%) cases had diabetes type-2. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of patients were 148.6±29.8 and 95.4±14.52 mmHg. Prevalence of albumin was found among 89 (89%) patients by using heating method of urine in test tube and 45 (45%) was found by using dipstick method. We found that most of the patients had troponin-T positive myocardial infarction 56 (56%), followed by ischaemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) 27 (27%) and 17 (17%) patients had haemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Conclusion: In this research we concluded that frequency of albumin in diabetic patients with macrovascular complications were significantly high. Diabetes mellitus is one of the key risk factor predicting macrovascular consequences such as myocardial infarction and cardiovascular illnesses. Keywords: Diabetes, Albuminuria, Macrovascular Complications, CVA, Myocardial Infarction
Assessment of Post-abortion Care Services in Punjab Pakistan
Authors: Rizwan Aesha Sadaf , Sher Shazia Jang , Asad Umber , Anwar Shazia , Hashmi Irum Batool , Khan Shariq Ali
Published: October 2021

Background: Globally, Post abortion and pregnancy complications such as sepsis, hemorrhage and hypertensive diseases are the prominent bases of maternal mortality. Post-abortion family planning and effective treatment for unintended pregnancies could provide high quality post-abortion care. Limited data available in Punjab, Pakistan regarding post-abortion care services in health system. Aim: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the post-abortion care services in health care system of Punjab, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 226 post-abortion patients of multi health care centers of Punjab, Pakistan from November 2020 to April 2021. Individual’s history, age, demographic characteristics, reproductive history, post-abortion attitude were surveyed using pre-designed and structured questionnaire. Also, post-abortion care such as pain management, treatment cost, waiting time, service confidentiality, contraceptive device cost, and patient’s interaction as well as family planning were assessed. Stata software was used for data analysis. Results: Of all the post-abortion cases, 207 (91.6%) were found satisfactory regarding post-abortion care. Effective pain management during treatment, treatment cost affordability, proper waiting time (< 0.5 hours), patient’s effective interaction, service’s confidentiality, and premises cleanliness were statistically significant when correlated with satisfied women (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Our study found higher prevalence (91.6%) of post-abortion care satisfied women. However, effective treatment and regular follow-up should be assured for management of post-abortion complications such as services confidentiality, pain management, patient’s interaction and client’s optimal satisfaction with services. Keywords: Assessment, Post-abortion care, Health facilities
St Segment Resolution in Patients given Streptokinase Injection along with Guideline directed Medical Therapy
Authors: Ullah Asif , Rehman Javaid ur , Aslam Muhammad , Mustafa Amjad , Asad Ali , Naim Fahad
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine the ST resolution in patients given streptokinase along with guideline medical therapy Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in department of Cardiology DHQTH KDA Kohat on 109 patients after obtaining informed consent from the patients. Patients were given guideline directed medical therapy & streptokinase for ST elevation MI. The ST-segment elevation resolution was calculated after 90 minutes of treatment with streptokinase, and stratified as complete ST segment resolution (> 70% ST-resolution), partial resolution (30-70% ST-resolution), or failed resolution (< 30% ST-resolution). Results: Out of 109 patients, 33 were females & 76 were male patients. Mean age of the population was 57±11.64 (95% CI). Time from onset of chest pain to administration of thrombolytic & guideline directed medical therapy was within 6 hours for 95 patients (87.5%).Out of 109, 9(8%) patients had minor gum bleeding. Conclusion: Administration of streptokinase is cost effective therapy for STEMI patients & give good resolution of ST segment on ECG. Key Words: Myocardial infarction, ST resolution
Frequency of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Patients: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mateen Abdul , Mustansar Alishba , Mahmood Sajjid , Latif Waqas , Laique Talha
Published: October 2021

Background: Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (non-CF BE) is a common chronic lung disease thus causing high morbidity among adults. Aim: To investigate the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis among patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Methodology: Patients having non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis were included in present study through non-probability, convenient sampling technique. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ) was used to study prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders. Patients of both sexes having age (18-40 yrs) were included. Patients having any disease like cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, active neurological disorder, mental disorders and significant scoliosis or kyphosis were excluded. Data analyzed by SPSS 25.0v. Results: There are 37(24.3%) male and 115(75.7%) females in the present study. Almost 38.8% patients changed their profession while 88.2% were prevented from working due to musculoskeletal disorder during last 1 year. Around 83.6% patients had pain in lower back with knee pain, 27.6% had ankle pain, 34.2% had hip pain, while 57.2% had upper back pain during last 1 year. Conclusion: This study concluded that non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients had a high frequency of reported musculoskeletal disorders like 83.6% have lower back pain with knee pain. Thus frequency was high for low back pain as musculoskeletal disorder among enrolled subjects. Keywords: Frequency, Musculoskeletal Disorders and Bronchiectasis.
Attitude towards Utilization of e-Resources of Medical Images among Health Care Professionals
Authors: Farid Ghulam , Khan Niazi Attaullah , Muneeb Muhammad , Iftikhar Sadaf
Published: October 2021

Aim: Medicine is deeply depending on medical images. Medical professionals used medical images particularly digital medical images for education, research and clinical decisions. The aim of this study is to investigate the utilization of medical image e-resources among the medical professionals of Lahore. Methods: The study is based on qualitative research design and in-depth semi-structured interviews of twenty medical professionals (Professor, Associate, Assistant professor, and Consultants) were conducted. The interviewees were purposely selected from various basic health and clinical health science departments of Shalamar Medical & Dental College and Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Data were collected by using interviews schedule. Validity of interview guide was ensured by expert review of interview schedule by field experts. Results: A large number of participants were used both formats of resources (print and electronic). Hundred percept of medical professionals were used Google image search for seeks of digital image and this is favorite source. Most of the clinical medical professionals were used up-to-date application, they searched quickly and easily for wards round, clinical decisions, early recovery of the patient, training and research purpose in contrast most of the basic health professionals used the college library, print collections, personal collections and Google images for their teaching, research and education. Similar the large number of the clinical sides they were used details images for their clinical decisions, patient recovery, teaching and research on opposite basic medical professionals were used the general images and a small group were used detailed and specialized images for teaching the students. Conclusion: The research is unique in this regard as there is a dearth of literature on the research area particularly in Pakistani context. Keywords: Medical faculty, health professionals, image search, Pakistan,
The Therapeutic Predicament of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion in uncontrolled Hypertension in Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Jibran , Mohydin Mahnoor , Mohsin Amber , Randhawa Adeel
Published: October 2021

Around the globe, hypertension is a silent pandemic. After diabetic retinopathies, hypertensive retinal vascular diseases are one of the most prevalent. In Pakistan, diagnostic investigations due to their cost are not done on regular screening basis as the financial burden of management is a point at issue. Thus, such conditions can often go undetected or therapeutically compromised. Here is a case of unilateral ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion in a 48-year-old male with a history of uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes. Additional laboratory investigations were carried out including complete lipid profile, serum urea and creatinine levels. Fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography was done. The patient was managed on anti-VEGF injections and Argon Laser. Follow-up along with a multi-disciplinary management approach is essential for the best possible prognosis. Keywords: hypertension, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO)
COVİD-19 SÜRECİNDE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET EŞİTSİZLİKLERİ: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: HOPYAR Zehra
Published: October 2021

İnsan hakları insanın yalnızca insan olmaktan kaynaklanan doğuştan sahip olduğu ve dokunulmaz haklarını ifade etmektedir. Toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı roller ve kalıplaşmış yargılar, bu haklardan istifade etmede kadın-erkek arasında ayrımcı sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda küresel düzeyde toplumsal cinsiyet temelli eşitsizlikler pandemi öncesinde önemli bir gündem maddesini oluştururken pandeminin ortaya çıkardığı koşullarda bu eşitsizlikler derinleşmektedir. Dünyanın tamamında pandemi sürecinde toplumsal cinsiyet temelli eşitsizlikler, şiddet ve istismar artmıştır.
Birleşik Krallık hem salgın başlangıcında “sürü bağışıklığı” yöntemini kullanacağını açıklayarak çoğu ülkenin aksine radikal bir karar almış hem de aşıyı ilk uygulama kararı alan ülke olmuştur. Bu doğrultuda salgının ülkedeki toplumsal cinsiyet temelli eşitsizlikleri nasıl etkilediğinin ortaya konması çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada internet yoluyla gerçekleştirilen veri analiz türlerinden olan ikincil araştırma benimsenmiştir.
Pandemi kadınları ev içi şiddetin failleriyle eve kapanmak durumunda bıraktığından ev içi şiddet ve istismara maruziyetin artması, ev içi bakım hizmetinde kadınların erkeklerden daha fazla sorumluluk alması ve bunlardan dolayı mental sağlığın ve iş hayatının olumsuz etkilenmesi çalışmanın ana bulgularını oluşturmaktadır. Ev içi emek yükünün kadınların görünmez emeği olduğu ve Covid-19 pandemisinin bakım politikalarının önemini gösterdiği çalışmanın başka bir sonucudur.
Challenging the Students‘ Sense of Mathematics Via Decoding Problems in Chernorizec Hrabar Tournament
Authors:   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Lazarov Borislav , Kortezov Ivaylo ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

Under consideration is a thematic branch from the Chernorizec Hrabar (ChH) math tournament, which aims to check and develop the student’s sense of mathematics. The ChH competition papers include several types of test items related to codes. These test items require just basic math knowledge but a high level of nonstandard reasoning and a kind of synthetic mathematical abilities. The authors’ standing point is to present by examples how the idea of (de)coding evolves in competition papers for students in different ages.
The Problem of Images’ Classification: Neural Networks
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Zelenina Larisa I. , Khripunov D.S. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Khaimina Liudmila E. ,   Northern Arctic Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Khaimin Evgenii S. ,   Northern Arctic Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Zashikhina Inga M. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the employment of an artificial neural network for the problem of image classification. Based on the compiled dataset, a convolutional neural network model was implemented and trained. An application for images classification was created. The practical value of the developed application allows an efficient use of a smartphone camera’s storage facilities. The article presents a detailed methodology of the application’s development.
Virtual Math Class
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Georgieva Sevdalina
Published: October 2021

The challenge of conducting an electronic environment for remote mathematics education is a condition for finding effective methods, forms, approaches, and platforms for a successful learning process. One of the solutions for the implementation of a „virtual lesson“ in mathematics is the cloud environment of GeoGebra. The article discusses various aspects of the application of the online platform GeoGebra in mathematics education: creating interactive worksheets, virtual classrooms, online boards, tools for classroom management, monitoring, and evaluation of student achievement. The attitudes of mathematics teachers about the use of GeoGebra online applications in math lessons are researched and analyzed.
Consciousness and the Laws of Physics
Authors: Carroll S.
Published: October 2021

We have a much better understanding of the dynamics and ontology of physics than we do of consciousness. I consider ways in which intrinsically mental aspects of fundamental ontology might induce modifications of the known laws of physics, or whether they could be relevant to accounting
for consciousness if no such modifications exist. I suggest that our current knowledge of physics should make us sceptical of hypothetical modifications of the known rules, and that without such modifications it's hard to imagine how intrinsically mental aspects could play a useful explanatory
role.
Physics, Time, and Qualia
Authors: Cortes M. , Smolin L.
Published: October 2021

We suggest that four of the deepest problems in science are closely related and may share a common resolution. These are (1) the foundational problems in quantum theory, (2) the problem of quantum gravity, (3) the role of qualia and conscious awareness in nature, (4) the nature of time.
We begin by proposing an answer to the question of what a quantum event is: an event is a process in which an aspect of the world which has been indefinite becomes definite. We build from this an architecture of the world in which qualia are real and consequential and time is active, fundamental,
and irreversible.
Reflections of a Natural Scientist on Panpsychism
Authors: koch C.
Published: October 2021

Panpsychism shares many intuitions with integrated information theory (IIT), in particular that consciousness is an intrinsic fundamental property of reality, is graded, and can be found in small amounts in simple physical systems. Unlike panpsychism, however, IIT clearly articulates
which systems are conscious and which ones are not (resolving panpsychism's combination problem) and why consciousness can be adaptive. The systemic weakness of panpsychism, or any other -ism, is that they fail to offer a protracted conceptual, let alone empirical, research programme
that yields novel insights or proposes new experiments. Without those, progress on the mindâ–“body problem will not occur.
What is a Theory of Consciousness for?
Authors: Fields C.
Published: October 2021

Galileo's Error (Goff, 2019) leaves important questions unasked and hence unanswered. I focus on two of these: the question of what a theory of consciousness is supposed to accomplish, and the question of what the materialismâ–“dualismâ–“panpsychism
debate is actually about.
Galileo's Real Error
Authors: Frankish K.
Published: October 2021

Goff argues that Galileo erred in denying that sensory qualities are present in the physical world and that we should correct his error by supposing that all matter has an intrinsic conscious aspect. This paper argues that we should be open to another theoretical option. Galileo's
real error, I argue, was not about the location of sensory qualities, but about their very existence. Like most people, Galileo assumed that sensory qualities are instantiated somewhere. I argue that this is a theoretical assumption which can and should be questioned. If we drop it, we can
give a natural account of the function of sensory quality talk and explain how our puzzlement about consciousness arises.
'Oh You Materialist!'
Authors: Strawson G. , Russell B.
Published: October 2021

[1] Materialism in the philosophy of mind -- materialismPM -- is the view that everything mental is material (or, equivalently, physical). Consciousness -- pain, emotional feeling, sensory experience, and so on -- certainly exists. So materialismPM is the view that consciousness is
wholly material. It has, historically, nothing to do with denial of the existence of consciousness. Its heart is precisely the claim that consciousness -- consciousness! -- is wholly material. [2] 'Physicalism', the view introduced by members of the Vienna Circle in the late 1920s,
also has nothing to do with denial of the existence of consciousness. [3] Recently the words 'materialism' and 'physicalism' have come to be treated as synonymous, and as names for a position in the philosophy of mind that does involve denial of the existence of consciousness.
They've been used to name a position that (i) directly rejects the heart of materialism (materialismPM) and (ii) is certainly false. This is a pity, because they're good terms for a view that is very likely true.
Panpsychism and Spiritual Flourishing: Constructive Engagement with the New Science of Psychedelics
Authors: Ritchie S.L.
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the potential implications of panpsychism for the study and pursuit of spiritual flourishing, with a focus on emerging scientific and philosophical research on psychedelics. Psychedelics research (1) has the means to reliably and safely produce the conditions
in which transformative experiences routinely occur, thereby allowing for robust neuroscientific and psychological research, and (2) has attracted a growing body of philosophical and theological work on the metaphysical and epistemological possibilities of such experiences. I begin with a
discussion of recent scientific work on psychedelics. I then discuss the epistemic status of psychedelic experiences, where the metaphysics of panpsychism is particularly interesting. I suggest there exists a mutually reinforcing relationship between panpsychism and the metaphysical possibility
of a veridical interpretation of psychedelic states, and that this conceptual congruence has important implications for research on spiritual flourishing. This flourishing need not be understood in a theological manner, although it is, I suggest, entirely consistent with at least some naturalistic
theological frameworks: the main goal of the article is to map the conceptual terrain in which conversations about spiritual flourishing, psychedelics, and panpsychism might take place.
PHYSICO CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF AVIPATTIKARA CHURNA AND ITS DEVELOPED FORM OF SYRUP
Authors:   Department of Quality Assuarance, KLEU’S College of Pharmacy, Belgaum - 590 001, Karnataka, India., Gadad G.G. , Gudaganatti K. S. , Mannur V.S.
Published: October 2021

Development and modification of Ayurvedic classical formulations into widely acceptable dosage forms is an important area to be focused in the present era. The designing of liquid dosage form has generally been emphasized on the basis of ease of administration to those individuals who have difficulty in swallowing solid dosage forms, specially in pediatric and geriatric group. Churna (powders) are the preferentially administered Ayurvedic formulations by oral route. Most of these powders are hygroscopic, bitter to taste and should be administered with suitable vehicle. Avipattikara Churna is one of the unique formulation widely practiced in the management of common ailments like Amlapitta (hyperacidity), Vibandha (constipation), Agnimandya (loss of appetite), Arsha (hemorrhoids). Modification of the classical Churna (solid dosage form) into a more acceptable and convenient syrup (liquid dosage form) with modern pharmaceutical methods and its physico-chemical analysis is the main aim of the study. In the present study Avipattikara syrup was developed with 66.7 % w/V of Khandasharkara (sugar candy powder) without any pharmaceutical additives. Physicochemical analysis, microbial limit test, and physical quality tests for Avipattikara Churna and syrup were carried out respectively. Results suggest that, the developed syrup had a quality of ideal syrup.
AEGLE MARMELOS LEAF EXTRACT IS PROTECTIVE AGAINST EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ENTEROCOLITIS VIA ANTIOXIDANT MECHANISM
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology KLE University College of Pharmacy, 2nd Block, Rajaji nagar, Bangalore - 560 010, Karnataka, India., Mani K. G , Prasanna G. S
Published: October 2021

Oxidative stress is believed to be a key factor in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of the mucosal damage in inflammatory bowel disease. The investigation was envisaged to assess the protective effect of diethyl ether extract of leaves of Aegle marmelos Corr. (DEAM) in view of reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in acetic acid-induced enterocolitis in albino Wistar rats. Enterocolitis was induced by intrarectal injection of acetic acid (5% V/V). The study comprised of five different groups consisting of six animals each and two doses [100, 200 mg / kg] were selected. The protective effect in the treatment group of animals was assessed by measuring levels of biomarkers of inflammation [MPO] and oxidative stress [CAT, SOD and GSH] in the inflamed colon and several physiological parameters. Significant and dose dependent changes in the levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress in DEAM treated animals was suggestive of the antioxidant-mechanism protective effect by Aegle marmelos.
HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF THEVETIA PERUVIANA ATTENUATES ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE INFLAMMATION: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors:   Mandsaur Institute of Pharmacy Rewas Dewda Road, Mandsaur - 458 001 (M.P.), India., Choudhary N. K , Sharma V , Goyal S , Panwar M. S , Wadhwa S.
Published: October 2021

The main aim of the study was to carry out anti-inflammatory activity of Thevetia peruviana in acute and sub acute in vitro models. The hydro-alcoholic extract showed the presence of carbohydrate, tannins, flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, glycosides and alkaloids. Against protein denaturation, the model extract showed 85% inhibition at a concentration of 100μg/mL. Similarly the extract showed 70.55% protection of RBC haemolysis as compared with 74.78% produced by indomethacin.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF OXICONAZOLE B-CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEX INCORPORATED TOPICAL GEL
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, KLES College of Pharmacy, Belagavi - 590 010, Karnataka, India., Wagle S. S , Gadad A. P., , Dandagi P. M. , Patil A. S
Published: October 2021

Oxiconazole nitrate is antifungal drug having low solubility. An attempt was made to increase the solubility by solid dispersion technique. Twelve solid dispersion formulations were prepared by solvent evaporation and kneading method using β-cyclodextrin and 2-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin as carrier. In vitro release profiles of all solid dispersions were evaluated and were compared with that of pure drug. Optimized formulation (F-3) was then incorporated in gel using Carbopol 940p as gelling agent. The formulated gel was evaluated for various parameters like percentage yield, drug content, pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, drug content, in vitro drug release, in vitro kinetics, antifungal properties, skin irritation and stability studies. The percentage yield obtained was 98.9% and the pH was 6.83. The viscosity was 50,000cp and also showed good spreadability and extrudability. Drug content was found to be 91.6%. The gel formulation showed in vitro release 92.48% whereas marketed formulation showed 76.66% at the end of 8 hrs. The antifungal activity showed greater zone of inhibition than that of marketed formulation and there was no skin irritation on rats. Hence, complex incorporated in gel can be a potential method to improve the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs.
A SIMPLE BIOPROCESSING METHOD FOR COLLAGEN PEPTIDE FROM THE FISH OFFALS OF RASTRELLIGER KANAGURTA AND ITS HPTLC QUANTITATION
Authors:   Crescent College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Madayipara, Payangadi, Kannur - 670 358, Kerala, India., Divakar C. M , Sahira N. K. , Sunith D. K.
Published: October 2021

The present study describes the isolation and extraction of collagen and collagen peptide from the crude, fish offals of the common Indian macreal fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta), which makes the total extraction process more economical compared to the existing industrial procedures. Hydrolyzed collagen provides additional amounts of amino acids like glycine, proline, and hydroxy proline, which are specially needed for the body to support connective tissue structure and to maintain healthy cell function. These three amino acids are present at a high concentration in collagen peptide compared to other amino acids. The yield of collagen peptide was found to be 34% w/w. The HPTLC analysis of RFCP (Rastrelliger kanagurta Collagen Peptide) and the marketed collagen peptide sample revealed that the amount of proline present is 2.33 and 0.86% w/w respectively. The amino acid glycine was not detected in the marketed sample but the laboratory extracted sample (RFCP) showed 0.26% w/w.
DEVELOPMENT OF STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC-PDA METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF NAPROXEN SODIUM AND DIPHENHYDRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORMS
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada - 520 010, AP, India., Nalluri B. N , Mrudula B. , Chitralatha K , Sultana S. A , Chandra T. U.
Published: October 2021

The present paper describes a sensitive and simple RP-HPLC-PDA method for the simultaneous estimation of Naproxen Sodium (NPX) and Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride (DPH) in the presence of their degradants. The drugs were subjected to stress conditions (forced degradation) to show the stability-indicating power of the method. The separation was achieved on Inertsil ODS C18 column (250×4.6mm, 5μ). The optimized liquid chromatographic conditions were found to be a mobile phase of 15mM ammonium acetate buffer: acetonitrile (60:40V/V) combination at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min in isocratic mode with an injection volume of 10µL. The proposed method provided retention times of 4.6 and 10.8min, with linear responses over a range of 60-140μg/mL and 10-30μg/mL and regression coefficient (R2) of 0.999 and 0.996 respectively for NPX and DPH. No interference from other components of pharmaceutical dosage form and degradants was observed. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and was successfully applied for the simultaneous estimation of both the drugs in bulk and tablet preparations.
IMPROVEMENT OF DISSOLUTION RATE OF FEBUXOSTAT USING HYBRID TECHNIQUE OF SPHERICAL CRYSTALLIZATION AND SOLID DISPERSION
Authors:   Dept. of Quality Assurance, Anand Pharmacy College, Opp. Town Hall, Anand - 388 001, Gujarat, India., Tandel D. B , Shah P. A , Patel K. G. , Gohel M. C , Thakkar V. T. , Gandhi T. R.
Published: October 2021

The present study was carried out with an aim to improve dissolution rate of febuxostat (FBX, BCSclass II) drug. Spherical agglomerates were prepared by hybrid technique of spherical crystallization and solid dispersion using different ratios of FBX and polymer (PVP K30, HPMC E3LV and chitosan). Drug excipient compatibility study was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Scanning electron microscopy was used for measurement of size of agglomerate. In vitro dissolution study of prepared spherical agglomerates was compared with untreated FBX and marketed formulation in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The ratio of drug to polymer also affected the drug dissolution results. Drug excipient compatibility study showed no interaction between FBX and PVP K30 (1:5) polymer. The use of PVP K30 (1:5) resulted in partial amorphization and improved drug dissolution. Direct compression method can be adopted in manufacturing to simplify the validation efforts. The performance of the formulated product was superior to the marketed product in the in vitro dissolution test.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLETS OF RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors:   IEC School of Pharmacy, IEC University, Plot No: 7 & 10, Kallujhanda, Baddi - 174 103, Distt: Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India., Arora V , Kumar S , Mishra P. B , Vashisht N.
Published: October 2021

In present research work, taste masked Mouth Dissolving Tablets (MDTs) of Ranitidine Hydrochloride were designed with a view to enhance the patient compliance and provide a quick onset of action. Taste masking of the drug was done by formation of complex with β cyclodextrin. Tablets were prepared by direct compression, using superdisintegrants like crosscarmellose sodium and crosspovidone in different proportion and evaluated for the pre-compression parameters such as bulk density, compressibility, angle of repose etc. In view of the better taste palatability of such a bitter API, taste masking was carried out via making the cyclodextrin complex and sucralose was used as the sweetener to impart a palatable taste to the formulation. The prepared batches of tablets were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, friability, drug content, disintegration time and in vitro dissolution profile and found satisfactory. Among all, the formulation F7 containing 5% w/w proportion of both crosscarmellose sodium and crosspovidone was considered to be best formulation, which disintegrated completely in 19 seconds and released up to 98.38% of the drug.
Heterogeneity in consumer preferences for organic and genetically modified food products in Ghana
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Ghana, Owusu Rebecca , Dadzie Samuel ,   Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
Published: October 2021

Consumers are increasingly becoming very concerned about food safety, with many giving preference to organic food products over conventional food products, which make use of agrochemicals with potential implications for health. Furthermore, to make the food choice decisions even more complex, genetically modified (GM) foods have been introduced in an attempt to meet global food demand. Consumers therefore must make decisions regarding organic and GM foods. This paper investigates consumer heterogeneity for organic and GM tomatoes in Ghana using advanced discrete choice modelling techniques. The data for empirical application come from a choice experimental study conducted among 200 consumers in Ghana. Our econometric modelling revealed that the sampled consumers preferred organic tomatoes that are produced locally and certified by the Food and Drugs Authority. However, we find a likelihood that women and older consumers may have preferences for GM tomatoes with environmental and health benefits. Policy implications are drawn from the findings of the study.
Resilience in Children and Adolescents during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Antoniou Alexander-Stamatios , Palivakou Eirini , Polychroni Fotini
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The coronavirus pandemic has affected people's lives. Children and adolescents are a a group affected by the consequences of the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of resilience in children and adolescents in relation to school grade, gender and school performance during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: In the present study 836 primary and secondary school students completed an online questionnaire on resilience during the second and third wave of the pandemic Covid-19 in Greece. Results: Primary school students reported higher levels of resilience as compared to junior high school and high school students. Furthermore, resilience levels were higher for primary and high school girls, while the reverse was true only for high school students. School performance positively correlated with resilience. Conclusion: It appears that children are better able to cope with challenges and stress demonstrating a capacity to recover from stress, adversity, failure, challenge, or even trauma. The results have implications about the design and the implementation of primary and secondary prevention of social emotional programs in the school community.
Tesis de Maestría de la Escuela Graduada de Trabajo Social Beatriz Lassalle
Authors: Rodriguez Ramirez Jannette
Published: October 2021

Se presentan los resúmenes de las tesis presentadas por estudiantes durante el año académico 2020-2021 para adquirir el grado de maestría en la Escuela Graduada de Trabajo Social Beatriz Lassalle de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras. Se incluyen elementos de las investigaciones como: autores y autoras, títulos, detalles metodológicos y hallazgos, entre otros.
Trietyloamina. Metoda oznaczania w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy z zastosowaniem chromatografii gazowej z detekcją płomieniowo-jonizacyjną
Authors:   Marzena Bonczarowska, Brzeźnicki Sławomir
Published: October 2021

Triethylamine (TEA) is a tertiary aliphatic amine. At room temperature it is a colourless liquid with a strong ammonia odor. TEA is used as a substrat in production of quaternary ammonium compound, as a catalyst in polymerization process, as a solvent in organic synthesis and as an emulsifier in the production of dyes and pesticides. Occupational exposure to TEA can cause many adverse effects like skin, respiratory tract or eye irritation. TEA may cause also vision disorder like blurred vision or red-blue vision. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for determining TEA in workplace air. The developed method is based on the collection of TEA on sorbent tube filed with two sections of silica gel coated with hydrochloric acid. Silica gel is extracted with methanol:water mixture and resulted solution is analysed with capillary gas chromatography with flame-ionization detector. The study was performed using gas chromatograph equipped with DB-5ms column. The developed method is linear in the concentration range of 7.5–150 μg/ml, which is equivalent to the range of 0.03–6 mg/m3 for 100-L air sample. The analytical method described in this paper makes it possible to determine TEA in workplace air in the presence of other substances. The method is precise, accurate and it meets the criteria for procedures for determining chemical agents listed in Standard No. PN-EN 482. The developed method for determining TEA in workplace air has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.