bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Enhanced Ultraviolet Resistance Hybrid Cotton Fabric using
Functionalized Biocarbon derived from Teff (Eragrostis tef) Hay
Authors: Sahile Kibebe , Prabhu S. Venkatesa , Worku Abebe
Published: May 2023

Due to the depletion of ozone atmosphere, there is a progressive increase in impact of ultraviolet (UV)
radiation on human skin. The continual exposure of UV radiation results in serious adverse effects,
such as photodermatosis, abnormal skin aging, erythema and skin cancer. Present study aimed to
develop an improved UV resisting cotton fabric using the biocarbon derived from the abundantly
available biomass residue of teff (Eragrostis tef) hay. The biocarbon had its surface functionalized,
and then it was deposited onto the cotton using polyaniline as a grafting medium. In situ polymerization
method was adopted for preparing the enhanced UV shielding fabric. The required functionalized
biocarbon and polyaniline were optimized for attaining the maximum possible UV protection factor
of the cotton. From the results, the UV protecting ability of the developed cotton fabric was found to
be improved by 21 times higher as compared to ultraviolet protection factor (UPF = 66.3) than the
original cotton (UPF = 3.1). In addition, the developed cotton fabric was observed to be exhibited
excellent tensile strength. The morphological and structural studies were investigated using scanning
electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for pure cotton fabric and hybrid
material coated by biocarbon. Experimentation results revealed that the biocarbon obtained from teff
hay could be a used for developing the enhanced UV protecting textile material. Hence, the acquired
material can perform for better ultraviolet protection.
FİYAT ALGISI: İNDİRİMLİ LÜKS ÜRÜNLERDE SATIN ALMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: GEZMİŞOĞLU ŞEN Didem , TELLİ Sahure Gonca
Published: May 2023

Lüksün demokratikleşmesi ile neredeyse her tüketiciye uygun lüksün olduğu bir pazar oluşmuştur. Bu doğrultuda, tüketicilerin lüks ürünlere karşı fiyat algısının nasıl olduğu üzerinde durulması gereken bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada tüketicilerin indirimli lüks ürünlerde satın alma niyeti incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmada çevrimiçi anket yöntemi kullanılarak 314 tüketiciye ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan anketler sonucunda toplanan veriler SPSS (Amos24) ile incelenmiş olup yapısal eşitlik modeli (YEM) üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre; prestij duyarlılığı ve yerli/yabancı duyarlılığı ile indirimli lüks ürün satın alma niyeti arasında pozitif bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Değer bilinci, fiyat bilinci, indirime duyarlılık, fiyat uzmanlığı ve fiyat/kalite ilişkisi ile indirimli lüks ürün satın alma niyeti ile arasında pozitif bir ilişkiye rastlanılmamıştır.
PLAKLARDAN SOKAKLARA MÜZİK VE POLİTİK İLETİŞİM: 1965 SEÇİMİNİN PROPAGANDASINDA YARININ ŞARKISI
Authors: KAYGUSUZ Erdinç
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de 1965 yılında düzenlenen milletvekili seçimi öncesinde Türkiye İşçi Partisi’nin (TİP) açık hava ve salon toplantılarında kullandığı ve Erdem Buri’nin besteleyip Tülay German’ın seslendirdiği Yarının Şarkısı örneğini müzikal toplumsallaşma odağında incelemektedir. Bu kapsamda eserin tarihsel hikâyesi ile bunda rol oynayan belirgin aktörlerin ve olayların keşfedilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bir iletişim olayı olarak Yarının Şarkısı olayın nerede ve ne zaman gündeme getirildiği (bağlam), kime, nasıl yöneldiği (kullanım) ve paylaşılanın ne olduğu (içerik) bakımlarımdan ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmanın sorunsalı müziğin deneyimle birlikte düşünülmesi çabasının üzerine geliştirilmiş ve müzikal toplumsallaşma ile toplumsalın deneyimlenmesi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki kurulabileceğinden hareketle düzenlenmiştir. Bu yönüyle seçim şarkılarının ya da daha genelde müziğin politik söylemini etki paradigmasında ele alan çalışmalardan ayrılmaktadır. Şarkının o dönemdeki kullanımının işçilerin politik özneler olarak kendilerini müzik aracılığıyla kültürel açıdan tanımlamalarında kayda değer rol üstlendiği makalenin ana savunularından biridir.
FRENCH IMPACT ON TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 2012
Authors: KALAY Emre
Published: May 2023

Türkiye and France have had good relations since 1921. But interests of Türkiye and France do not mostly align and does even conflict in many cases since 2012. Even that France is at the very center of many problematic issues that Türkiye has to deal with. The two parties are on the opposite sides of each of many foreign policy issues -namely relations in the EU framework, the events of 1915, Mediterranean, Syrian question, possession of influence in Africa and the positions in the Caucasians- and Türkiye has to cope with French foreign policy to achieve its aims because France as a great power can not be disregarded easily for its capability to affect the course of events. The competition in foreign policy between two countries can be interpreted in terms of status quoism and revisionism. In some policy areas France is a status quo state while Türkiye is a revisionist and in some other areas, the roles are exchanged. This study aims to reveal the positions of two sides in the selected policy areas and display the challenging impact of France in Turkish Foreign Policy by using case study approach.
ANALYSIS OF WORK ACCIDENTS IN MARKET CHAIN ACTIVITIES
Authors: OZTURK Tufan
Published: May 2023

This study aims to identify the factors affecting work accidents in the market chains, present protective recommendations and create a public opinion about work accidents in this sector. The study first included data on 321 work accident victims from 109 different branches of a market chain in Istanbul in 2019, 2020 and 2021, and the study was completed with the data of 290 victims after the necessary data extraction. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25 (SPSS) trial version is used for data analysis. Frequency and Cross Tabulation (Chi-Square) Analyses were also used in the study. Frequency analyses provided a better understanding of the data set under study. Chi-Square Analyses were used to investigate the relationships between the variables of task and damaged organs and equipment resulting in injury. According to the analysis results, it is found that the work accident and injury types are affected by the occupation of the employees as well as the used tools and equipment. The results of this study provide recommendations to employers, occupational safety experts, employees, public institutions with audit-control authorities and liabilities in the occupational safety field in the market chains and academicians and researchers studying the occupational safety area to be protected from work accidents and negative consequences.
Festuca rigescens (Poaceae, Pooideae, Loliinae) en Argentina y Chile
Authors: Ospina Juan C. , Aliscioni Sandra , Denham Silvia
Published: May 2023

Festuca rigescens in known from the flora of Peru and Bolivia, but in this contribution we extend its geographical distribution to Chile and Argentina. We recircunscribe the specific limits of Festuca nardifolia, usually confused with the previous species, and we exclude it from Chile. We present illustrations and detailed descriptions of the morphology and anatomy of both species and a taxonomic key to discriminate between morphologically related species from Chile and Argentina. We designate lectotypes for F. deserticola and F. paupera, and new synonyms for F. rigescens: Festuca deserticola, F. paupera, F. petersonii, and F. saltana.
Der Zihlschlachter Explorationstest (ZET)
Authors: von Falkenhayn K. , Binder A. , Jait N. , Möller J. C. , Müri R. , Schmidt C. , Schweinfurther R. , Reckert I.
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung Viele Schlaganfallbetroffene sind aufgrund von homonymen Gesichtsfeldstörungen und/oder einem visuellen Neglect in ihrem Alltag massiv durch visuelle Explorationsstörungen unterschiedlichen Ausmaßes eingeschränkt. Zwar stehen zahlreiche Testverfahren für die Überprüfung des Gesichtsfeldes zur Verfügung, allerdings lässt die Gesichtsfeldtestung keine zuverlässigen Rückschlüsse für das Alltagsverhalten von Betroffenen zu. Der Zihlschlachter Explorationstest (ZET) wurde entwickelt, um das spontane visuelle Explorationsverhalten anhand von großformatigen Alltagsszenen zu beurteilen. Anhand einer Gruppe von Schlaganfallbetroffenen (N=58), mit und ohne visuelle Explorationsstörungen, im Alter zwischen 28 und 79 Jahren, wurde das visuelle Explorationsverhalten mittels ZET und weiterer Referenztests (TAP-Neglect und Cats-Test) zu zwei Zeitpunkten untersucht. Es ergaben sich signifikante Unterschiede hinsichtlich des visuellen Explorationsverhaltens beider Gruppen. So wiesen Personen mit Explorationsstörungen erheblich größere Schwierigkeiten und ein unsystematischeres Suchverhalten auf als jene ohne diese Einschränkungen. Dies ließ sich im ZET als asymmetrischer Punktwert im Rechts-Links-Vergleich nachweisen. Die Studie gibt Grund zur Annahme, dass der ZET ein geeignetes und belastbares Verfahren darstellt, welches schnelle und aussagekräftige Resultate für das visuelle Explorationsverhalten in einem alltagsähnlichen Szenario liefert. Zudem zeigte sich in beiden Gruppen eine Verbesserung in den Tests zum zweiten Messzeitpunkt. Außerdem konnte eine positive Korrelation zu den eingesetzten Referenztests und dem ZET gefunden werden. Schlüsselwörter: visuelle Exploration, Schlaganfall, Neglect, Gesichtsfeld
Das Foix-Chavany-Marie-Syndrom
Authors: Nowak D. A. , Bösl K. , Hotinschenko I.
Published: May 2023

Das bilaterale anteriore Operkulum-Syndrom (Foix-ChavanyMarie-Syndrom) ist selten. Klinisch ist es durch einen Verlust der willkürlichen Kontrolle der pharyngealen, lingualen und Kaumuskulatur bei gleichzeitig erhaltenem emotionalen Zugriff auf diese Muskelgruppen gekennzeichnet. Ein klinischer Fall wird vorgestellt, die Pathophysiologie und der Verlauf des Foix-Chavany-Marie Syndroms werden diskutiert. Schlüsselwörter: Foix-Chavany-Marie-Syndrom, Dysphagie, Anarthrie, Schlaganfall
Association between Systole, Diastole, Sex, Age, Blood, and Urine Profile in Older Adults with Hypertension
Authors: Armalina Desy , Susilaningsih Neni , Witjahjo Bambang , Purnawati Ratna Damma , Ismail Akhmad , Saktini Fanti
Published: May 2023

The main cardiovascular changes associated with aging included decreased heart rates, oxygen extraction, arterial stiffening, vasoconstriction, systolic blood pressure elevation, myocardial thickening, reduced diastolic filling rate, rhythmic rate changes, and action potential prolongation. Multifactorial risk can include the pathology of the diseased. This study aims to ascertain the relationship between systole, diastole, sex, age, blood, and urine profiles in an elderly with Hypertension. The logistic regression study found three significant associations between diastole systolic and leucocyte sedimentation with Hypertension. For the net study, various hormones are another pathological marker that can be included in hypertension screening
Effects of Andrographis paniculata Leaf Extract on C-Reactive Protein and Serum Ferritin in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis Model Rat
Authors: Salsabela Rezya , Widyastiti Nyoman Suci , Retnoningrum Dwi , Ariosta Ariosta , Susilaningsih Neni
Published: May 2023

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin are acute-phase reactants that have demonstrated association with the severity of a variety of inflammation-mediated illnesses, including infection and sepsis. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) leaf is traditionally used as an anti-inflammation and anti-bacterial herb. Sambiloto leaf extract possesses anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, immuno-stimulatory, antiviral, and antioxidant activitiesObjective: To evaluate the effect of Sambiloto leaf extract (Andrographis paniculata) on inflammation biomarker (CRP and serum ferritin) in a rat model of sepsis-induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods: This research was a true experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. Twenty five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups consisting of a healthy control (HC), Negative control (NC), Treatment 1 (T1) Sambiloto 200mg/kgBW, T2 Sambiloto 400mg/kgBW, T3 Sambiloto 500mg/kgBW). Sambiloto leaf extract was given on days 8-21 and LPS 5mg/kgBW was injected intraperitoneal on day 22. On the 25th day, blood was drawn and  CRP and serum ferritin levels were analyzed using ELISA method. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test.Results: The mean CRP levels of HC, NC, T1, T2,T3 were 7.72 ± 2.53; 8.12 ± 1.08; 5.22 ± 1.71; 6.40 ± 1.19; 5.14 ± 1.37 ng/dl respectively. The mean serum ferritin level of HC, NC, T1, T2, T3 were 293.60 ± 66.53; 601.20 ± 100.17; 433.40 ± 194.65; 331.60 ± 75.97; 318.00 ± 69.64 ng/dl respectively. There were differences in CRP levels in groups T1(p=0.012) and T3(p=0.010), serum ferritin levels in groups T2(p=0.014) and T3(p=0.008) to the control group.Conclusion: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) leaf extract  has anti-inflammatory effects in the rat model of sepsis.
THE RELATIONSHIP TETANUS SEVERITY WITH OUTCOME CLINIC
Authors: Retnaningsih Retnaningsih , Zaman Hairu , Bintoro Aris Catur , Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro
Published: May 2023

Introduction : Tetanus is an acute toxemia caused by a neurotoxin produced by C. tetani characterized by periodic and severe muscle stiffness and spasms. Prognostic assessment is the most important thing to see the risk of mortality. Score systems are often used by clinicians such as Phillips score (1967), Ablett classification (1967), Dakar score (1975).20 Methods: This study was an analytic study with a cross-sectional design in a population of tetanus patients treated from January 2019 to December 2021. The inclusion criteria in this study were patients who had complete medical records. Information was taken from medical record data, including demographics, incubation period, Port of entry, Ablett score, Phillips score, type of wound, autonomic symptoms, clinical manifestations, comorbidities, vaccination history, complications, ventilator use, antibiotic management, length of stay and output. patient clinical. To find out the relationship between variables using the Chi-square test. Results: The results of the analysis of the relationship between the degree of Phillips score and the outcome of tetanus patients after treatment obtained p = 0.038. The results of the analysis of the relationship between the degree of Ablett score and the outcome of tetanus patients after treatment obtained p = 0.007. The results of the analysis of the relationship between the use of breathing apparatus and the output of tetanus patients after treatment obtained p = 0.041. Discussion: There is a significant relationship between the degree of Phillips score and Ablett score with the patient's clinical outcome. There is a significant relationship between the use of breathing apparatus and the patient's clinical outcome.
Giving Olive Oil to Diaper Rash in Infants Aged 6-12 Months in The Work Area Of The Nambo Health Center
Authors: Suhartati Suhartati , Wati Isra , Rahman Fath Irtaniyah , Azim La Ode Liaumin
Published: May 2023

Background: Diaper rash is one of the most common skin diseases experienced by infants and toddlers with a high incidence and prevalence. Diaper rash occurs because the cause of diaper rash is fungus and bacteria. Treatment of diaper rash can be done in a non-pharmacological way, one of which is by using olive oil. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving Olive Oil on diaper rash in infants aged 6-12 months in the working area of the Nambo Health Center. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest on 16 respondents through total sampling. Result: The results of this study indicate that before administration of olive oil, the most diaper rash in infants was moderate, namely 8 respondents (50%) while after administration of olive oil, diaper rash in infants recovered the most (no diaper rash). Namely 6 respondents (37.5%). Wilcoxon test shows the P value = 0.001 (≤ 0.05). Conclusion: So it can be concluded that there is an effect of giving olive oil to reduce the degree of baby diaper rash.
MONTE CARLO NEUTRON DOSE MEASUREMENT IN PROTON THERAPY FOR HEALTHCARE WORKER RADIATION SAFETY
Authors: Lesmana Hadi , Budi Wahyu Setia , Rasito Rasito , Triadyaksa Pandji
Published: May 2023

Background: Proton therapy is an innovative and highly advanced external radiation therapy modality for cancer treatment that uses positively charged atomic particles. The usage of proton therapy facilities in Asia has been increasing and will be followed by Indonesia in the short-coming years. In line with its significant benefits, the application of proton therapy also requires radiation protection awareness due to its higher energy used by protons produces scattered photon and neutron radiation in proton interactions. Therefore, optimal verification is needed in the commissioning process for designing proton therapy shielding bunkers. Objective: This research aims to examine the effect of concrete density on proton shielding by calculating the equivalent dose H*(10) of neutrons in the treatment control room (TCR) and the door of the compact proton therapy facility (CPTC) using Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) simulation software. Method: The proton facility modeled for this simulation uses a compact proton therapy type planned to be built at one of the radiotherapy facilities in Indonesia. The proton therapy bunker model consists of a synchrocyclotron accelerator room and an examination room with standard configurations, wall thicknesses, and modeling areas under compact proton therapy standards. The analysis is focused on assessing the suitability of concrete materials and wall thicknesses and determining the neutron exposure dose values in the TCR and CPTC doors. The geometry, radiation source, and type of concrete in the wall are simulated from a conservative assumption to a more realistic model. Result: At the designated points in the TCR and CPTC door, measurements are taken from the simulation, which indicates that the equivalent dose H*(10) value is below one mSv/year. Conclusion: This value indicates that the dose rate passing through the wall does not exceed the dose limit value already set at one mSv/year for the general public.
An Assessment of The Effect of Training Practices on Staff Performance: A Case of The University of The Gambia
Authors: Zahra Jobe Fatoumata , Njie Matarr
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of training practices on the performance of the staffs of the University of the Gambia (UTG). A stratified sampling technique was used together with various other methods, including a mixed research approach, using both quantitative and qualitative research to assess the effect of training on staff performance. Primary data was collected from the UTG Human Resources Department and from the academic and administrative members of staff selected from all the Schools of the University, using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The quantitative data was gathered using the 5-point Likert scale items, and this was analyzed using Excel. The results of the study were presented together with its interpretation, using tables, pie charts and bar graphs. The findings of the study indicated that on-the job training is widely practised in the University of the Gambia. However, the process of staff training was found to be unplanned and unsystematic. It was further gathered that there is a lack of commitment from the senior management team regarding staff training. Overall, the findings of the study revealed that the training provided in University of the Gambia has not helped them realize any significant improvement in their work performance.  These findings are contrary to the general consensus in the literature, which contend that training in fact does help improve staff performance. Nevertheless, taking these findings of the study into consideration, it is recommended that the University of the Gambia need to endeavor to set aside funds solely dedicated for training staffs on a continuous basis. The key recommendation will be to revise its current staff training and development policy to make training more effective.
Voter Apathy in Nigeria as Political Protest: A Critical Overview of People’s Participation in Elections in Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Muhammad , Arabo Umar Abubakar
Published: May 2023

This study explained that since the return to civil rule in 1999 after decades of military interregnum, Nigeria was involved in series of elections in the country. It has been observed that in each of these elections low turnout of voters used to be recorded. Several efforts were made with a view to assuage this malaise but, the citizens’ full participations always fell below expectations.  The paper uses qualitative method which involves key informant interview as well as Aristotle’s theory of politics and thus argues that, until the elected officials in Nigeria recourse to fulfilling their campaign promises, and elections superintendents live up to expectation by making the electorates votes count during elections, above all, entrenchment of good governance, the menace of voter apathy will continue to be experienced in the Nigeria’s political space.
Mean surface and volume particle tensors under L-restricted isotropy and associated ellipsoids
Authors: Eriksen Rikke , Kiderlen Markus
Published: May 2023

The convex-geometric Minkowski tensors contain information about shape and orientation of the underlying convex body. They therefore yield valuable summary statistics for stationary marked point processes with marks in the family of convex bodies, or, slightly more specialised, for stationary particle processes. We show here that if the distribution of the typical particle is invariant under rotations about a fixed k-plane, then the average volume tensors of the typical particle can be derived from k + 1-dimensional sections. This finding extends the well-known three-dimensional special case to higher dimensions. A corresponding result for the surface tensors is also proven.

In the last part of the paper we show how Minkowski tensors can be used to define three ellipsoidal set-valued summary statistics, discuss their estimation and illustrate their construction and use in a simulation example. Two of these, the so-called Miles ellipsoid and the inertia ellipsoid, are based on mean volume tensors of ranks up to 2. The third, based on the mean surface tensor of rank 2, will be called the Blaschke ellipsoid and is only defined when the typical particle has a rotationally symmetric distribution about an axis, as we then can use uniqueness and reconstruction results for centred ellipsoids of revolution from their rank-2 surface tensor. The latter are also established here.
Characterizations of symplectic polar spaces
Authors: Cardinali Ilaria , Cuypers Hans , Giuzzi Luca , Pasini Antonio
Published: May 2023

A polar space 𝒮 is called symplectic if it admits a projective embedding ε : 𝒮 → PG(V) such that the image ε(𝒮) of 𝒮 by ε is defined by an alternating form of V. In this paper we characterize symplectic polar spaces in terms of their incidence properties, with no mention of peculiar properties of their embeddings. This is relevant especially when 𝒮 admits different (non-isomorphic) embeddings, as it is the case when 𝒮 is defined over a field of characteristic 2.
Mitigation of eutrophication from agricultural runoff: the case of the agricultural region of Moungo in Cameroon
Authors: Victorien Bienvenu Abanda Well , Munongo Martha Eneke
Published: May 2023

Eutrophication is one of the harmful phenomena which affects continental water (rivers, lakes, springs, etc.) due to the injection of N and P. If it is easy to manage point source pollution, non-point source pollution still represents a challenge. Management practices such as tillage technics, fertilizer management, and wetlands appear as solutions to remove N and P from runoff water.
Renewable sources and recycling in the textile industry
Authors: Catarino Mariana Garcez , Catarino Marisa Garcez Rodrigues
Published: May 2023

The pursuit of consumers and employees in the textile and fashion market in general has prioritized alternative materials with transparency and authenticity, contributing to more sustainable production and symbolic value. This way we think allows us a vision of an environment whose social creations transform consumer goods with a concept of renewable and less polluting sources. Requests in favor of environmental benefits such as eco-friendly, environmentally responsible, eco-safe actions, recycling and green materials are increasing. These actions have often been used to describe and promote products that in principle have minimally negative environmental impacts. These terms have been used in many different types of products and in many different ways. However,
Effects of storage conditions on superoxidised water
Authors: Sen Teo Swee , Huat Lim Lai , Andrianto Vincentius Kenny
Published: May 2023

Superoxidised water (SOW) in the food industry has several advantages over traditional chemical disinfectants. SOW is non-toxic and environmentally friendly and does not leave any harmful by-products. In addition, SOW is easy to use and can be applied to various food surfaces. SOW has been used to avoid the food industry's biological pollution caused by food-borne bacteria pathogens with recognized as a short producing time and evident in the sterilization process, SOW is highly recommended for its eco-friendly ability. Chlorine-containing solutions such as SOW are used for broad disinfection purposes, including in the food industry. Still, their effectiveness and stabilities often need to be investigated as residues such as chlorine in SOW are not stable. The efficacy of SOW can be easily affected by several factors, including pH, temperature, and organic matter content. In this study, the two different storage conditions influenced by the light exploration were used to investigate the light condition that directly impacts the chlorine level in SOW. Light intensity plays an important role in determining chlorine loss from SOW. Chlorine dissipation rates in the light condition are higher than in the dark condition. With the initial 40+0.00 mg/L of chlorine, the chlorine level was decreased as plastic bottle/light > glass bottle/light > plastic bottle/without light> glass bottle/without light. They show that the change in chlorine level is significantly influenced by the type of bottle and the environmental condition, such as light intensity, in this study. The results obtained in this study validate the practice of SOW’s storage condition to slow down chlorine's bulk decay when applied in various industries, such as the food industry.
Bobbing, weaving, collapsing and dying-preventing boxing deaths in the ring
Authors: K Sethi Nitin
Published: May 2023

Background: Professional boxing is a popular combat sport around the world. It is unfortunately also a sport which carries a very high risk of concussion and more severe forms of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In a sport where every punch thrown to the opponent’s head is thrown with the intention of winning by causing a knockout (KO), TBI is an omnipresent danger. Traumatic subdural hematoma is the most common cause of boxing related mortality. The boxer either collapses in the ring during the fight or in the immediate aftermath of the fight. Discussion: Boxers with traumatic epidural and subdural hematoma often have a lucid interval and then exhibit rapid at times precipitous neurological deterioration as the hematoma expands. Rapid loss of consciousness follows leading to a comatose state. Development of brain edema and secondary ischemic injury are the other substrates of delayed neurological deterioration. Conclusion: Both the referee and the ringside physician (s) should be aware of this clinical presentation of acute TBI so that the fights can be stopped in a timely fashion, neither too early but certainly never too late! Innovate solutions can help present tragedies in the ring.
Regulating scientific and technological uncertainty: The precautionary principle in the context of human genomics and AI
Authors: Botes Marietjie
Published: May 2023

Considered in isolation, the ethical and societal challenges posed by genomics and artificial intelligence (AI) are profound and include issues relating to autonomy, privacy, equality, bias, discrimination, and the abuse of power, amongst others. When these two technologies are combined, the ethical, legal and societal issues increase substantially, become much more complex, and can be scaled enormously, which increases the impact. Adding to these complexities, both genomics and AI-enabled technologies are rife with scientific and technological uncertainties, which makes the regulation of these technologies not only challenging in itself, but also creates legal uncertainties. In science, the precautionary principle has been used globally to govern uncertainty, with the specific aim to prevent irreversible harm to human beings. The regulation of uncertainties in AI-enabled technologies is based on risk as set out in the AI Regulation that was recently proposed by the European Commission. However, when genomics and artificial intelligence are combined, not only do uncertainties double, but the current regulation of such uncertainties towards the safe use thereof for humans seems contradictory, considering the different approaches followed by science and technology in this regard. In this article, I explore the regulation of both scientific and technological uncertainties and argue that the application of the precautionary principle in the context of human genomics and AI seems to be the most effective way to regulate the uncertainties brought about by the combination of these two technologies.
Significance:
The significance of this article rests in the criteria framework proposed for the determination of the applicability of the precautionary principle and lessons learnt from the European Union’s attempt to regulate artificial intelligence.
Mean residual lifetime assessment approach for a multi-state standby system
Authors: Karadayi Ebru , Funda Iscioglu
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a new MRL assessment approach for a multi-state standby system is considered. The three-state system is backed up with a binary cold standby unit. Given that the system is at a specific state at time t, obtaining the MRL is worth considering in conducting the maintenance and repair plans of the system. For different degradation rates and time points, MRL results are examined. An HCTMP is considered for the degradation. Therefore, when the system is observed to be at its perfect state, the MRL decrease with an increase in all the failure rates of the system. However, when the system is observed to be at its partial state, the MRL is not affected by the increase in the failure rate pertained to the perfect state. The MRL when the system has known to be failed before time t and backed up with the standby unit increases with the time increase whereas the MRL when the system is at its perfect(or partial) state is constant when time increases. Moreover, cost evaluation of the system is analyzed. The results are supported with numerical examples and graphical representations.
Highly efficient centrifugal compressors series development for the turbo-cooling machines
Authors: Danilishin Aleksei , Kozhukhov Yuri V
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: Currently, there is a growing demand for single-stage centrifugal compressors with a high pressure ratio. Such requirements encourage the use of high-pressure stages with high circumferential speeds u2 300 m/s, which leads to increased levels of Mach number and, as a consequence, pressure losses. Work to improve the efficiency of such steps leads to a reduction in energy consumption and an increase in the cooling capacity of refrigerating machines.

AIMS: To develop a series of ten highly efficient high-head model centrifugal compressors with the pressure ratio of c = 2.0.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: a complex calculation technique developed by the authors is used to increase the efficiency of the stages of centrifugal compressors. The method consists of sequential execution of 4 stages: gas dynamic calculation, profiling, three-dimensional viscous calculation, multiparametric optimization.

RESULTS: a series of the model centrifugal compressors has been designed for the following range of design mode parameters: conditional flow coefficient 0.035 Fr0.12; theoretical head coefficient t.p. =0.74; conditional Mach number 0.93Mu0.96. The estimated isentropic efficiency of the developed centrifugal compressors ranges from 77% to 84%, depending on the flow rate of the stage.

CONCLUSIONS: a series of ten highly efficient flow parts of centrifugal compressors have been developed, which can be used in gas-dynamic projects when designing modern centrifugal compressors.
Socio-demographic and clinico-pathological analysis of cervical cancer patients at a tertiary care centre in South-south Nigeria
Authors: Alegbeleye Justina O. , Nyeche Solomon , Jaja Merry A.
Published: May 2023

Background: Cervical cancer is a significant public health burden in low- and middle-income countries where access to screening and treatment is limited. It is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women in Africa, often due to late presentation and diagnosis. Aim of this study was to determine the socio-demographic and clinical profile of cervical cancer patients and their relationship with tumour related factors.
Methods: This was a retrospective review of all cases of histologically confirmed cervical cancer patients managed at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, over a 5-year period. A data collection form was used to obtain socio-demographic characteristics and clinical profile from the patients’ case records.
Results: The mean age of the women was 53.3±8 years, with the highest prevalence in the 55-64 age group 26 (33.3%). Majority 59 (74.4%) of the women were multiparous, and 50 (64.1%) were married. Most 32 (41%) had primary education and about one-third 24 (30.8%) were farmers. The most common clinical features were vaginal bleeding, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, and weight loss 46 (59%), while squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the predominant histological type 56 (71.8%). Only 9 (11.5%) had any form of screening for early detection of cervical cancer. Most 31 (39%) of the patients presented with stage III disease, with a median hemoglobin level of 6.8 (2.3) g/dl before treatment. About two-third 54 (69%) of them had severe anaemia. There was significant association between marital status and histological type (X2 = 42.096, p-value = 0.001).  Use of oral contraceptive pills (X2 = 7.602, p-value =0.04) and menopausal state (X2 = 6828, p-value =0.05), were significantly associated with cancer stage.
Conclusions: There is an urgent need to scale up advocacy for regular screening for cervical cancer and vaccination, to ensure increased awareness, early detection, and prevent the progression of early disease.
Audit of the first caesarean section in a reference hospital in the African environment
Authors: Zamané Hyacinthe , Kain Paul Dantola , Kiemtoré Sibraogo , Dembelé Adama , Ouédraogo Jerome , Ouédraogo Ali
Published: May 2023

Background The practice of a first caesarean section can condition the future obstetric prognosis. The aim of this work was to study the indications of the first caesarean sections at the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with prospective collection. The data were collected from 1 March to 30 May 2018. The women who benefited from caesarean section for the first time were the study population. The review of the documents, the interview with the patients and the expert opinion were the techniques used. The expert opinion made it possible to determine whether or not the caesarean section was preventable.
Results: The first caesarean sections accounted for 62.5% (280/448) of all caesarean sections and 34.6% (280/810) of all childbirths in the period. Caesarean section was urgently performed in 95% of cases. It was mostly an obstetrical indication. Probable fetal asphyxia was the first major indication (27.5%) followed by preeclampsia/eclampsia (15.7%) and uterine pre-rupture syndrome (8.9%). Caesarean section was found to be avoidable in 53 cases (18.9%). Probable fetal asphyxia was the most common indication (22.4%) of these preventable caesarean sections.
Conclusions: The good management of preeclampsia, the strengthening of the birth room in fetal and maternal monitoring equipment, the close coaching of physicians in specialization and the periodic audits of practices would reduce the preventable caesarean sections.
Severe pre-eclampsia: epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects at Hospital Principal Dakar from January 2019 to December 2020
Authors: Gaye Yaye F. O. , Seck Mame D. , Ngom Papa M. , Sylla Mafing A. , Niang Ndama , Faye Marie E. , Kone Madjiguene , Fall Mouhmadou M. , Fall Khadija , Niang Tagouthie
Published: May 2023

Background: Preeclampsia, major public health problem, is one of the leading causes of maternal and infant mortality. It is increasingly frequent in our referral health centers, especially in its severe form.
Methods: Retrospective descriptive and analytical study about severe preeclampsia at the Maternity of Hospital Principal Dakar, from 01 January 2019 to 31 December 2020.
Results: Frequency of severe preeclampsia was 3.09%. Medical evacuation (70.59%) was the most frequent mode of admission. Patients were in average 29.8 years and primipare. Personal medical history was dominated by high blood pressure (16.29%). The average gestational age was 34+2 days, but pregnancy was carried to term by the majority of patients. Functional signs were dominated by headache (40.65%). Blood pressure was greater than or equal to 160/90 mmHg (90.32%). Hyperuricemia was the most frequent biological anomaly after proteinuria (45.1%). Complications were dominated by retroplacental hematoma (4.49%) and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (28.48%). Calcium channel blockers (81.88%) were the main antihypertensive agents administered. Caesarean section was the most common delivery method (80.46%). The maternal prognosis was good, with no maternal deaths recorded. Perinatal mortality was 173.9%.
Conclusions: Preeclampsia remains a fearsome pregnancy’s pathology. Raising awareness of pregnant women during ANC on the risks of pre-eclampsia, retraining of health personnel, close and early monitoring of women at risk and management in a multidisciplinary setting help to improve the maternal-fetal prognosis.
Bacteriological profile and antibiogram of uropathogens isolated from obstetrics and gynaecology patients in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mudey Gargi , Devi Akoijam N. , Sahu Gaurav , Mahajan Sheetal , Meshram Supriya
Published: May 2023

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common complication occurring in obstetric patients, posing adverse risks to both the mother and fetus. The aim of this study is to analyse the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens in obstetrics and gynaecology ward for the effective treatment.
Methods: A total of 404 urine samples from pregnant women with different gestational age were processed for the isolation of uropathogens and tested against ten classes of antibiotics. Uropathogens from significant bacteriuria cases were isolated and identified by standard procedures from January 2020 to December 2021. Antibiotic susceptibility was studied by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.
Results: Significant bacteriuria in 16.3% samples, Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common uropathogens followed by Enterococcus sp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). E. coli showed highest resistance to ceftazidime, cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin while exhibiting high sensitivity to imipenem, meropenem, and amikacin. Moreover, major proportion of isolates of K. pneumoniae were resistant against ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin; and for Enterococcus species against penicillin and gentamycin, but 100% sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin, and 92.3% to linezolid.
Conclusions: There is a need for screening of antenatal patients for UTI and it is recommended that pregnant women should undergo periodic screening for UTI, so as to monitor the sensitivity pattern of the uropathogens and for the development of specific antibiotic policies based on local susceptibility patterns.
A cross sectional knowledge, attitude and practice study for copper IUCD in a tertiary care centre in New Delhi
Authors: Mohapatra Arpita
Published: May 2023

Background: The postpartum period is one of the most sensitive period in a woman’s life. To prevent unwanted pregnancies and promote optimal interpregnancy interval, effective contraception should be discussed and offered at that time. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of postpartum intrauterine device in antenatal patients attending OPD.
Methods: A cross sectional, hospital based descriptive study was conducted from the month of September to November 2021 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi. The total number of patients recruited in the study were 750. A total of 600 patients delivered and 150 were lost to follow up. The antenatal patients attending the OPD were provided with a structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge and attitude to copper IUCD usage.
Results: Most of the patients belonged to the age group of 20-25 years. The majority of the patients   were Illiterate and multigravidas (65%). Around 71% of the patients attending OPD were aware of Copper IUCD as a method of contraception. Whereas only 31% of patients were convinced of the safety of Copper IUCD. About 62% were apprehensive to use Copper IUCD. Of the 600 patients delivered in our hospital, PPIUCD was inserted in 216 (36%) patients.
Conclusions: The study reveals good knowledge and favorable attitude of patients for PPIUCD as method of contraception. But it also depicts a low acceptance and usage of the same. The various reasons for this are mainly illiteracy, ignorance, social and religious taboos etc. Hence it is suggested that community education, addressing unwarranted fears of patients, incorporation of family planning in maternal and child health services etc. should be done to improve the acceptance and thereby usage of PPIUCD in patients.
A comparison of spot urinary protein-creatinine ratio with 24-hour urine protein in quantification of proteinuria in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Chaudhary Ankita , Agarwal Divyansh , Agarwal Rashmi , Agarwal Sanjay
Published: May 2023

Background: Proteinuria is a major indicator of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. The gold standard for diagnosis of significant proteinuria is based on a 24hour urine collection which is cumbersome, time-consuming, and inconvenient to patients. A need, therefore, exists for a rapid, valid, and accurate test to identify significant urinary proteinuria.
Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional hospital-based study wherein a total of 150 pregnant women who met the criteria of preeclampsia were taken. Spot urine samples for calculating the urine P/C ratio were taken immediately before 24hr urine collection. Correlation between 24hour urine protein and spot PCR was then determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient(r).
Results: The correlation coefficient (r) between 24hr urine protein and spot PCR was found to be 0.734 (n=150) which was highly significant with p<0.001. In this study, population the ROC curve analysis revealed the sensitivity of 90.3% and specificity of 97.3% with AUC 0.958 for a cut-off value of spot PCR as 0.43 to detect significant.
Conclusions: Spot PCR is an accurate, valid, steady fast, reliable, and time-saving test which may be used as an alternative method for determining significant proteinuria in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Feto maternal outcome in placenta previa and morbidly adherent placenta
Authors: Khan Somy , Rawat Rajendra Prasad , Meena Santosh
Published: May 2023

Background: Placenta forms the most important link between the developing foetus and the mother. The placenta's health is crucial for the foetus' proper growth and development. The outcome of pregnancy is changed when there is a change in the placental location or architecture for both the mother and the foetus. No matter the cause, placenta previa increases maternal and foetal risks by several times. Aim and objectives of current study are to investigate the incidence of placenta previa in hospital obstetric patients and the maternal and fetal outcome in cases of placenta previa.
Methods: 100 patients delivered in the Govt. Medical College, Kota with cases of placenta previa. Risk factors like Gestational age at the onset of bleeding, expectant management, gestational age at delivery and the mode of delivery. The birth weight and APGAR score of the newborn were observed.
Results: The risk of placenta previa is 3 time higher in multigravida than primigravida. 52% chances of placenta previa with male babies. Peak incidence of bleeding is noted around 34-36 weeks. 92% of placenta previa cases were delivered LSCS. PPH was main morbidity out of all morbidities. 55% of babies were less than 2.4 Kg. 44% were anterior, 38% posterior and rest 6% central placenta previa.
Conclusions: Placenta previa poses a serious risk to both the mother and the foetus, whether it is accidentally discovered by ultrasound or as a result of a clinical emergency like a haemorrhage in the mother. The best outcome can be achieved with an accurate diagnosis, prudent expectant management, blood transfusion as necessary, and prompt delivery.
Association of maternal serum triglycerides at term and macrosomia in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: S. Dhivya Bharathi , Akoijam Usharani , Pratima Devi Khumanthem , Ajitkumar Singh Yanglem , Kongkham Tarunibala Devi , Gowdhami S. , Tauro Sheral Raina , Paul Papiya
Published: May 2023

Background: Aim of the study was to determine association of maternal serum triglycerides (TG) at term and macrosomia in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, RIMS, Manipur. The study was conducted for 2 years duration from September 2019 to August 2021 and 85 singleton term pregnant women with GDM were included. All the patients were subjected to check fasting serum TG, FBS, PPBS. Descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation and Inferential statistics like Chi-square test was used for comparing study variables between large for gestational age (LGA) and non LGA group. T-test was used to compare the mean values of age, pre-pregnancy BMI, pregnancy weight gain, OGTT, FBS, PPBS, fasting serum TG between LGA and non LGA group.
Results: The observed mean TG values in LGA and non LGA group in our study was 262.35±26.08 and 158.18±13.24 mg/dL respectively. The serum TG values in the LGA group mothers was significantly higher when compared to the non LGA group. The mean weight gain in pregnancy 15.17±1.82 and 9.60±1.47 in LGA and non LGA respectively. The mean BMI comparison among LGA and non LGA are 27.7±1.74 and 22.94±1.6 respectively.
Conclusions: It is observed that maternal fasting serum TG may be a strong predictor of foetal size irrespective of the glycemic status. Our study clearly pointed out the usefulness of measuring serum TG in GDM pregnancy. In addition to maternal hypertriglyceridemia, pre-pregnancy BMI, excessive weight gain in pregnancy significantly associated with foetal macrosomia in GDM mothers.