bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Biomarkers Indicative of Tumor Progression, Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, and Response to Cytotoxic Drugs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hamoui Mohamad Z. , Rizvi Shuaa , Arnouk Hilal , Roberts Cai M.
Published: December 2024

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of head and neck cancers that predominantly affects men and accounts for over 50,000 new cancer cases annually in the United States. Survival rates are markedly different for localized OSCC versus metastatic disease, for which five-year survival is only 39%. Depending on pathology and stage at diagnosis, treatment may involve surgery, radiation, targeted therapy, or conventional chemotherapy. However, there is an unmet need for reliable biomarkers to predict treatment response or link therapeutic efficacy to tumor progression. We sought to identify novel OSCC tumor progression biomarkers that correlate with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and response to cytotoxic drugs. Using four cell lines that represent the stepwise progression from normal oral mucosa to dysplastic, invasive, and metastatic OSCC lesions, we found that expression of Stratifin, a tumor suppressor gene, is inversely correlated with both tumor progression steps and the expression of the EMT marker N-cadherin. Conversely, E-cadherin and fibronectin expression were markedly decreased in advanced stage OSCC lines. In addition, metastatic Detroit 562 cells exhibited resistance to docetaxel and showed clear migratory behavior. In summary, here we describe a unique molecular signature of advanced and drug-resistant OSCC tumors, which might help predict clinical outcomes and guide treatment options for patients afflicted with oral cancer.
Mathematical Modelling of Viscoelastic Media Without Bulk Relaxation Via Fractional Calculus Approach
Authors: Shitikova Marina V. , Modestov Konstantin A.
Published: December 2024

In the present paper, several viscoelastic models are studied for the cases when time-dependent viscoelastic operators are represented in terms of the fractional derivative Kelvin-Voigt, Scott Blair, Maxwell, and standard linear solid models. Using the algebra of dimensionless Rabotnov’s fractional exponential functions, time-dependent operators for Poisson’s ratios have been obtained and analyzed. It is shown that materials described by some of such models are viscoelastic auxetics, because Poisson’s ratios of such materials are time-dependent operators which could take on both positive and negative magnitudes.
A Systematic Review on the Advancements in Deep Learning for Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection and Prediction
Authors: Karimanzira Divas
Published: December 2024

The rapid transformation of land use and land cover (LULC) due to anthropogenic activities necessitates effective monitoring and prediction methods to inform sustainable management practices. This paper reviews the application of deep learning techniques in detecting and predicting LULC changes using remote sensing data. A systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and October 2024. The review identifies key challenges in the field, including data scarcity, computational demands, and the transferability of models across different geographical contexts. Key findings reveal that deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), significantly enhance classification accuracy and change detection performance compared to traditional methods. Innovative approaches, such as the integration of attention mechanisms and generative adversarial networks (GANs), have shown promise in addressing data limitations and improving model robustness. The review highlights the need for further research into explainable AI methods to enhance model interpretability and the development of real-time monitoring systems utilizing streaming remote sensing data. Recommendations for future research include exploring multi-source data integration, advancing transfer learning techniques, and prioritizing the development of accessible deep learning tools for practitioners. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on deep learning applications in LULC monitoring, offering insights for researchers and policymakers aimed at fostering sustainable land use practices.
Indocyanine Green Lymphography Screening of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Two-Year Prospective Cohort Study after Axillary Lymph Node Dissection
Authors: Brahma Bayu , Yamamoto Takumi , Panigoro Sonar Soni , Haryono Samuel Johny , Putri Rizky Ifandriani , Yusuf Prasandhya Astagiri , Priambodo Purnomo Sidi , Harimurti Kuntjoro , Taher Akmal
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is one of the major morbidity in breast cancer. Since lymphedema treatment is difficult, especially once it progresses, screening and early detection should be prioritized to prevent the progression. This study used indocyanine green lymphography (ICG-L) as a sensitive diagnostic tool for BCRL screening after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Methods: This prospective cohort study included breast cancer patients who underwent ALND from October 2022 to October 2024 at Dharmais National Cancer Hospital. ICG-L was performed to diagnose BCRL. Our study outcome was a 2-year BCRL cumulative incidence and ICG-L stage distribution. Results: This study included 69 patients with a mean body mass index of 26.3±5.1 kg/m2. The median (IQR) of dissected lymph nodes was 18 (14-21), with the number of lymph node metastases 2 (0-10). Forty-six patients (66.7%) were in the locally advanced stage and 42 (60.9%) received radiotherapy. Based on ICG-L, our 2-year BCRL cumulative incidence was 58.0% (45.2-71.4). A total of 25 patients (71.4%) who had BCRL experienced symptoms, with heaviness (60%) and swelling (48%) being the most common signs. The upper extremity lymphedema index increase of > 10 % was only found in 11 (31.4%) patients. Most patients were in ICG-L stage II, as shown in 18 (51.4%) subjects. Conclusions: ICG-L was able to detect early BCRL more frequently. This finding showed its sensitivity as a screening method and that it should be used in preventive BCRL management.
Differential Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) on Patients with Schizophrenia Versus Depressive Disorder: Clinical Distinction Between Antipsychotic and Antidepressant Effects of ECT
Authors: Nakayama Naho , Nakahara Tatsuo , Iwanaga Hideyuki , Hashimoto Manabu , Mitsudo Takako , Imamura Yoshiomi , Kunitake Hiroko , Mizoguchi Yoshito , Ueno Takefumi
Published: December 2024

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is utilized for treating psychiatric disorders such as schizo-phrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD). To assess the comparative clinical efficacy and acceptability of ECT, pre- and post-treatment comparisons were conducted between groups of patients with SCZ and combined groups of patients with depression plus bipolar disorder (MDD+BD).
ECT was administered to SCZ (n = 17), and MDD+BD (n = 7) patients. Symptom were evaluated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured.
While statistically significant differences were observed in the rating scales before ECT compared to those after ECT for each patient group, no significant change between the groups for each disorder was observed. Additionally, there were no significant differences in plasma BDNF levels between the groups at baseline and during the ECT. To estimate the difference between the SCZ and MDD + BD groups, we reanalyzed the 24 individual BPRS items. At baseline, only depression scores indicated favor towards SCZ, while positive symptoms and disorganization scores suggested a favorable condition in the MDD + BD group. During treatment, positive symptoms, activation and disorganization items showed favor in the MDD + BD groups compared to the SCZ group. The total BPRS scores were not associated with the plasma BDNF levels; however, rating scores of the several items in the activation, resistance and disorganization were positively correlated with BDNF levels.
In conclusion, although ECT was effective for patients with both SCZ and MDD+BD, the pos-itive symptoms, activation, and disorganization responses to ECT were statistically higher in MDD+BD than in SCZ, with the exception of depressive behavior. Additionally, the ECT ef-fects for several clinical outcomes of MDD+BD were associated with plasma BDNF levels. These findings suggest that ECT may be even more effective for MDD than for SCZ.
The 3C Framework: Toward a Dignified Definition of Global Health
Authors: Frimpong Shadrack , Lim Bernadette
Published: December 2024

The field of global health has evolved, yet stakeholders lack contemporary frameworks that emphasize collaborative and community-centered principles. Current definitions of global health still depend on outdated and misclassified notions of global health as a “science of LMICs” and/or a metonym for health disparities. Such definitions denigrate the dignity of communities in low- and middle-income countries and limit the field’s full potential of leveraging cross-national insights to transform public health impact in underserved communities in high-income countries. Herein, we build on existing definitions of global health leaders and experts and propose the 3C Definition of Global Health as a collaborative, cross-national, and community-centered framework for global health endeavors. We apply this framework to the global health efforts and collaborative partnership of Freedom Community Clinic in Oakland, California, and Cocoa360 in Tarkwa Breman, Ghana, to demonstrate the power of shared partnership in uplifting the health and well-being of their respective communities.
Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Advanced Heart Failure Patients Undergoing VAD Implantation and Cardiac Transplantation: How Much Do We Know?
Authors: Nair Nandini , Grzyb Chloe , Du Dongping , Mahesh Balakrishnan
Published: December 2024

Patients who undergo advanced surgical therapies such as cardiac transplants (cardiac allografts) or ventricular assist devices (VADs) are significantly affected by mental health disorders and substance use problems , which can negatively affect their quality of life and their ability to adhere to their treatment protocols. However there is paucity of extensive research specifically focused on this population regarding mental health and substance abuse disorders This review will focus on the knowledge gaps in post LVAD implant and cardiac transplant in the setting of aggressive immunosuppressive therapy in the latte. Research into the differential influence of the two therapies and their impact on the quality of life of these patients may provide more insight . A crucial link exists between mental health decline and poor medication adherence, potentially affecting survival and overall quality of life, emphasizing the need for further research on the long-term consequences .
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Care and Beyond: Navigating the Needs of Long-Term Survivors
Authors: Molica Stefano , Allsup Daid
Published: December 2024

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment has undergone a significant evolution with a shift from historical chemotherapeutic regimens to targeted therapies such as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and BCL-2 inhibitors. These advancements have been associated with a notable improvement in survival rates with a transformation of CLL into a chronic and manageable condition for most persons with this disease.
However, as a consequence of improved outcomes long-term CLL survivors now face emergent challenges which include a risk of infections, cardiovascular complications and secondary malignancies. In this changed scenario, holistic models of care are essential to address emergent health risks. Such models of care for CLL patients require a multidisciplinary approach that integrates CLL treatment with proactive management of frailty, comorbidities, and psychosocial well-being to enhance both survival and quality of life (QoL).
CLL predominantly affects older persons, many of whom present with concurrent frailty and comorbidities that may complicate CLL treatment and impact QoL. Comprehensive geriatric assessments (GA) may play a critical role in the identification of persons at heightened risk of treatment-related toxicity and may help guide rational therapy selection, particularly in very frail persons.
In addition to the assessment of hematological responses the prospective assessment of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and frailty metrics may offer a more nuanced understanding of global treatment benefits. A survivorship-focused care model is crucial to address the multifaceted needs of CLL patients with the extension of patient care into the broader domain of long-term health maintenance with associated improvements in QoL.
Recovering Attached Crude Oil from Hydrodesulfurization Waste Catalyst
Authors: Hong Xin , Chen Jingyi , Wei Jing , Wu Wenjie , Yang Ziyan , Chen Jing , Sun Shuchen , Xiao Faxin , Tu Ganfeng
Published: December 2024

As environmental awareness grows, hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts have become crucial in petroleum refining, yet their use results in oil-laden waste that poses environment risks and complicates subsequent treatment. Efficient oil removal is thus critical for processing spent catalysts. This study systematically compares three de-oiling methods: extraction, chemical thermal washing, and pyrolysis, to identify the optimal de-oiling method. In the experiments, the extraction achieves 94.12% oil removal rate at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 10 mL/g and 45℃ in 60 minutes, maintaining around 90% efficiency after five cycles of solvent recovery. The chemical thermal washing achieves oil removal rate of 96.26% after 4 hours at 90℃, with 0.15 wt.% SDS, 3.0 wt.% NaOH, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 10 mL/g. The heavy oil emulsion is then decomposed with 4% CuO and 5% H2O2. The pyrolysis method removes 96.19% of oil at 600℃ in 60 minutes. While the extraction and chemical thermal washing methods are effective, they produce wastewater, raising environmental concerns. In contrast, the pyrolysis method is more environmentally friendly. SEM, EDS, and FT-IR analyses show that after oil removal, the metal structures on the alumina support of the spent HDS catalyst are clearly exposed, facilitating the subsequent recovery of valuable metals.
Relationship of Chronic Stress and Cardiovascular Diseases with Bone Resorption
Authors: Paulini Marina Ribeiro , Aimone Mariangeles , Feldman Sara , Buchaim Daniela Vieira , Buchaim Rogerio Leone , Issa João Paulo Mardegan
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Chronic exposure to stress has been considered a risk factor for hyper-tension, which is also associated with increased bone resorption. This review aimed to investigate the effect of acute and chronic stress, associated with hypertension, on the skeletal system. Methods: This narrative review was designed with searches in databases, mainly Pub-Med/MEDLINE, with emphasis on the following topics: bone disorders, emotional stress, arterial hypertension and relationship between emotional stress and bone disorders. The selection of manuscripts for detailed analysis was made, checked and inserted into a table by consensus of all authors. Results: The main topics include situations that favor bone loss, such as psychological stress, which can lead to osteoporotic fractures through immunological and endocrine mecha-nisms. The relationship between psychological stress and loss of bone density, as in osteoporosis, occurs due to the reduction in the number of osteoblasts and loss in the balance between physi-ological formation/resorption. Conclusions: Chronic stress significantly affects cardiovascular health and bone resorption. This narrative review study highlights the vulnerability of the skeletal system to prolonged stress, along with the cardiovascular system, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary strategies in preventing stress-related conditions. Effective stress management can help reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease and bone resorption, emphasizing their role in comprehensive health care.
Understanding Congestion Risk and Emissions of Various Travel Behavior Patterns Based on License Plate Recognition Data
Authors: Wang Yuting , He Zhaocheng , Xing Wangyong , Lin Chengchuang
Published: December 2024

Understanding vehicle travel behavior patterns is essential for managing urban traffic congestion, as well as for addressing the associated congestion risks and excess emissions. This study, based on one week of License Plate Recognition (LPR) data from urban expressway networks, investigates different travel behavior patterns and their related congestion risks and emissions. First, we classify vehicles into distinct travel patterns based on spatiotemporal features extracted from LPR data and propose a scalable pattern recognition method suitable for large-scale applications. We then assess the congestion risks associated with each pattern and estimate the excess emissions resulting from congestion. The results reveal substantial variation in congestion risks across different travel patterns, with congestion risks following a bimodal distribution, influenced by temporal traffic flow rhythms. Furthermore, the excess emissions from congestion caused by commercially used vehicles (CUVs) are comparable to those of individually owned vehicles (IVs), despite CUVs constituting only one-third of the total vehicle count. This suggests that focusing solely on commuter travel modes underestimates both congestion risks and excess emissions.
Two-dimensional modeling of filtration in hydrate-containing formations taking into account gravity on irregular grids
Authors: Bakeer Ahmed Elsaid Ezeldin Bakeer Ali , Poveschenko Yuri Andreevich , Kazakevich Grigory Ilych , Podryga Victoria Olegovna , Rahimly Parvin Ilgar gizi , Amosov Daniil Vadimovich , Terekhov Anton Pavlovich , Gavrichenko Alexander Konstantinovich
Published: December 2024

The work is devoted to the application of irregular computational grids to problems of underground fluid dynamics in the presence of gas hydrates taking into account gravity. Discretization of filtration equations is carried out using the support operator method. The obtained algorithms are tested on the problem of gravitational differentiation of gas and water in a porous medium taking into account gas hydrates. One of the criteria used in testing is the horizontality of the gas-water contact in the stationary case. The calculations are divided into two stages. At the first stage, a regular rectangular grid is used, which makes it possible to check compliance with this criterion. At the second stage, calculations are carried out on an irregular grid for a system of heterogeneous layers of complex geometric structure corresponding to real geological structures. The results obtained correspond to the physics of the process. The approach can be used to study the migration of deep gas released during the dissociation of gas hydrates to the earth's surface.
Analisis Tense Phrase Menggunakan Teori X-Bar pada Kalimat dan Klausa di dalam Teks Recount Bahasa Inggris (Pendekatan Sintaksis)
Authors: Dharmawan Adhitya
Published: December 2024

This study presents a comprehensive syntactic analysis of tense phrases within the framework of X-bar theory applied to recount texts. Utilizing a corpus of diverse recount narratives, we employ a generative approach to scrutinize the hierarchical structure and syntactic relationships governing tense constituents. Our investigation reveals intricate patterns of tense phrase formation, shedding light on the underlying syntactic mechanisms that govern temporal information encoding. Through a meticulous examination of tense-related features, we uncover the nuanced interplay between functional projections and lexical elements, offering insights into the syntactic complexities of recount narratives. Furthermore, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of tense phrase structures, providing a foundation for future explorations in syntactic analysis. The findings herein not only advance our comprehension of temporal representation in language but also underscore the significance of X-bar theory in elucidating intricate syntactic phenomena
Exploring Language Attitudes and Identity Construction in Arabic Diglossia
Authors: Ahmed Ohod Faisal
Published: December 2024

This research explores the complex field of Arabic diglossia, with a particular emphasis on how language attitudes and identity formation are constructed within this framework. The research includes 26 native Arabic speakers who are studying in Indonesia, with a focus on both high (Modern Standard Arabic, MSA) and low (regional dialects) types. This study use descriptive qualitative study explores the intricate sociolinguistic dynamics of Arabic diglossia by examining the perspectives of Arabic speakers. Participants, proficient in both Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and regional dialects, revealed a prevailing positive attitude toward MSA, particularly in formal and academic contexts, underlining its perceived prestige associated with intellectual discourse, cultural preservation, and historical continuity. Contrasting attitudes toward regional dialects emerged, ranging from strong attachments to pragmatic views, underscoring the complexity of individual language attitudes. Contextual appropriateness played a crucial role in language choices, with MSA favoured in formal settings and regional dialects in informal interactions. The study unravelled the interplay between language choices and identity, highlighting varied degrees of identification with pan-Arab and local/regional identities. Zoom Meetings shed light on the difficulties in switching between MSA and regional languages and offered insights into diglossia competency. Sociocultural adaptations demonstrated how language can be flexible in response to a range of situations. This study emphasizes the intricacies of linguistic attitudes, identity development, and adaptive language usage in multilingual environments, adding nuanced views to our knowledge of Arabic diglossia
The Functioning of Normative Power in the Logic of the EU and China
Authors: Yıldırımçakar Emrah
Published: December 2024

Normative power has become a critical topic of discussion in International Relations and Political Science scholarship, particularly in the context of the normative power of the European Union (EU) and China. However, academic attention has been excessively directed toward investigating the normative power of the European Union rather than that of China. Given the EU’s unique status as a supranational and multinational entity consisting of multiple member states, its process of diffusion of normative power differs significantly from that of China. In this context, this study aims to explore and compare the normative power dynamics maintained by the EU and China in the international arena, examine the approaches, strategies, and outcomes of both the EU and China by providing a detailed understanding of how each party implements normative power, and explore the inequalities in normative power acquisition strategies between these two actors.
Structural insights into the recognition of RALF peptides by FERONIA receptor kinase during Brassicaceae Pollination
Authors: Bhalla Hemal , Sudarsanam Karthik , Srivast Ashutosh , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian
Published: December 2024

Ensuring species integrity and successful reproduction is pivotal for the survival of angiosperms. Members of Brassicaceae family employ a “lock and key” mechanism involving stigmatic (sRALFs) and pollen RALFs (pRALFs) binding to FERONIA, a Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) receptor, to establish a prezygotic hybridization barrier. In the absence of compatible pRALFs, sRALFs bind to FERONIA, inducing a lock state for pollen tube penetration. Conversely, compatible pRALFs act as a key, facilitating successful fertilization. Competing pRALFs reduce the sRALFs binding to FERONIA in a dose-dependent manner, enabling pollen tube penetration. Despite its crucial role in Brassicaceae hybridization, the structural basis of this binding remains elusive owing to the highly flexible nature of RALF peptides. Using advanced structural modeling techniques and flexible peptide molecular docking, this study reveals that pRALFs and sRALFs bind to negatively charged pockets in FERONIA with varying binding affinities. Our study unveils the structural basis of this binding, shedding light on the molecular mechanism underlying hybridization barriers in Brassicaceae.
Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Anthocyanin Metabolism in Wheat Pericarp
Authors: Wang Jiao , sun Lei , Jiao Bo , Zhao Pu , Xu Tianyun , Gu Sa , Huo Chenmin , Pang Jianzhou , Zhou Shuo
Published: December 2024

Background
Wheat seeds display different colors due to the types and contents of anthocyanins, and which is closely related to anthocyanin metabolism. In this study, a transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis between white and purple color wheat pericarp aimed to explore some key genes and metabolites involved in anthocyanin metabolism.
Results
Two wheat cultivars, a white seed cultivar Shiluan02-1 and purple seed cultivar Hengzi151 were used to identify the variations in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated flavonoids (DAFs). Based on metabolomic data, 314 metabolites and 191 DAFs were identified. Chalcone, flavonol, pro-anthocyanidin and anthocyanidin were the most differentially accumulated flavonoid compounds in Hengzi151. And, 2610 up-regulated and 2668 down-regulated DEGs were identified according to transcriptomic data. The results showed that some structural genes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway were prominently activated in Hengzi151, such as PAL, CAD, CHS and so on. Transcription factors (TFs) of MYB, bHLH, WD40 and some other TFs probably involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified. Some genes from hormone synthetic and signaling pathway that may participate in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis also have been identified.
Conclusions
Our results provide valuable information on the candidate genes and metabolites involved in the anthocyanin metabolism in wheat pericarp.
Identification and verification of anoikis-related genes immune infiltration characterization based on machine learning for epilepsy
Authors: Zeng Haoxuan , Bao Shilin , Zhou Wenbin , Tan Tian , Zhou Xianju , Chen Xinhao
Published: December 2024

Background: Epilepsy is a significant neurological disorder characterized by a complex etiology. Understanding the molecular mechanisms, notably those implicating the immune system and anoikis, is crucial for developing targeted therapies against epilepsy.
Methods: Firstly, two epilepsy-related transcriptomic datasets (GSE143272 and GSE4290) were selected from the GEO database; then, thedifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Focusing on anoikis in epilepsy, we collected anoikis-related genes (ARGs). Bioinformatics analysis and machine learning were employed for comprehensive analysis, and epilepticus mice were used to in vivo experimental validation of analytical results.
Results: A total of 3,525 DEGs from GSE143272 and GSE4290 datasets were identified, and a total of 49 ARGs were obtained. The five key differentially expressed ARGs (DE-ARGs) were screened through machine learning analysis, including ANKRD13C, PIK3R1, BSG, CEACAM6, and BRMS1; These DE-ARGs emerged as potential biomarkers for epilepsy and were involved in various signaling pathways and immune cell activities, and results were further experimentally validated. Besides, the risk score model based on the DE-ARGs demonstrated high diagnostic efficiency; moreover, connectivity map database analysis suggested MPEP, LY-341495, and MDL-28170 as potential therapeutic agents.
Conclusion: This study identified the five ARGs as potential therapeutic targets, highlighting the role of anoikis in epilepsy pathogenesis. Our result provides a novel insight into the molecular landscape of epilepsy and paves the way for further exploration and the development of more effective treatment strategies.
Transmission of dengue among various ethnic groups of Palwal District, Haryana
Authors: Sharma Rajan , Deb Roumi , Dixit Shikha , Kumar Preet , Bhandari Deepika
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Vector-borne diseases are considered a major public health problem. Dengue is considered one of the major vector-borne diseases because it is transmitted primarily by the Aedes mosquitoes, which spread the virus through their bites. Recent studies suggest the infectious disease burden in the communities.
Objective: To assess the socio-demographic and cultural practices of various ethnic groups responsible for dengue transmission in the community.
Methodology: In this comprehensive study, cluster sampling and observational methods were used to assess the transmission of dengue in the three clusters of the Palwal District, Haryana, India. A total of 21 visits were made in the randomly selected 150 households of all the clusters and various observations have been made based on socio-demographic and cultural practices of ethnic groups.
Results: The study revealed that ethnic groups of cluster-1 have Pucca houses but for clusters- 2 & 3 majority of the population have Kutcha houses. Furthermore, it has also been found that participants of cluster-1 stored water in a closed vessel but in cluster-2 & 3 water was stored in the open vessel and all the participants of three clusters have knowledge about dengue except the females of cluster-3.
Conclusion: Many risk factors were identified as the cause of the spread of the disease and risk factors in the community which highlights the individual behavior, socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors that help in promoting the public health interventions aimed at improving the well-being of community members.
Effects of delayed mating on the fecundity, fertility, and longevity of Assara inouei Yamanaka
Authors: He Chao , Li Ying-Li , Shen Deng-Rong , Zhang Rui , Liu Na , Yin Li-Hong
Published: December 2024

Assara inouei Yamanaka is an important pest of pomegranate fruits in Southwest China. The effects of different ages (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after emergence) and sexes (females, males, or both sexes) of adults delayed mating on their fecundity, fertility, and longevity were studied. The results showed that when delayed mating for 1 day, regardless of sex, the mating rate and number of eggs laid per female were significantly greater than delayed mating for 0 day. Subsequently, with the extension of delayed mating days, the mating rate, oviposition period, number of eggs laid per female, and egg hatching rate decreased gradually, the mating duration decreased initially and then increased gradually, and the longevity of male and female increased gradually, while there was no significant change in the pre-oviposition period. Moreover, the negative effects of delayed mating on the reproduction were higher in both sexes than in males, with females being intermediate between them. Overall, A. inouei mating on the second day after emergence is optimal for successful reproduction. Delayed mating prolongs adult longevity, but has a negative impact on female reproduction, and the extent of this impact is significantly correlated with the age of adults delayed mating, with a sex effect. The interactions of delayed age and sex mainly affected the mating behavior of adults, but had little effect on their longevity and oviposition.
A Fair Multi-Party Contract Signing Scheme Based on Off-Chain Protocols and On-Chain Smart Contracts
Authors: Jiang Rong , Li Yulin , Pu Xuetao , Wang Xueke , Niu Wenyu , Song Zhiming
Published: December 2024

The adoption of electronic contracts has notably improved the efficiency of contract signing, especially in cross-border trade. However, it raises concerns about security and fairness. Traditional processes are susceptible to forgery and bias, and current solutions, while focusing on security, may foster unfairness due to potential third-party collusion. Blockchain-based methods, despite providing traceability and immutability, risk exposing private data. This paper introduces a multi-party contract signing model that combines off-chain protocols with on-chain smart contracts. Shared key encryption and a signature aggregator ensure privacy and reduce communication overhead. Smart contracts enforce fairness by verifying signatures and applying penalties. This hybrid approach maintains scalability without increasing on-chain complexity. Simulation results confirm that the model achieves fairness, security, and efficiency.
Understanding System Interdependencies in Sustainable Paper Production from Residue Grass biomass: Insights from Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping
Authors: Ding Zhengqiu , Grundmann Philipp
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the pulp and paper industry's transition to sustainability by valorizing unused roadside and natural grasses for paper production. Large-scale production from residual grass poses multifaceted challenges, requiring collaboration across stakeholders, from biomass collection to manufacturing. To understand key drivers and barriers within this complex system, experts from various fields, including local farmers, researchers, policymakers, and industry executives were interviewed, leading to the development of a Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM). The analysis explores various scenarios to assess how socio-economic, technological, and political factors influence the transition to low-carbon practices. These scenarios highlight the effects of varying levels of technology development, economic conditions, and policy support on the transition's progress and outcomes. Results show that the system is highly sensitive to shifts in socio-economic and political conditions. Political interventions play a crucial role, especially during energy crises and increased public demand for sustainable solutions. Grass-based paper production is seen as a viable pathway, but challenges such as the economic feasibility of emerging technologies remain. We recommend targeted policies to improve the economic viability of grass-based products and optimize biomass allocation between energy and bio-based products, ensuring a more balanced and sustainable transition.
MiR-34a-5p promotes skeletal muscle atrophy by targeting LGR4 and the RANK/NF-κB pathway in diabetic mice
Authors: Wu Weibin , Chen Xiaojun , Chen Ai , Tang Huibin , Yu Xing , Gao Gufeng , Liu Junping , Lian Guili , Xie Liangdi
Published: December 2024

Background Muscle atrophy is more common in individuals with diabetes, but research in this area is limited. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of diabetic muscle atrophy using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of the gastrocnemius muscle (GM).
Methods Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were used to study muscle atrophy. Bioinformatics analyses identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and candidate miRNAs. Hub genes and miR-34a-5p were validated by RT-qPCR. The role of miR-34a-5p in the RANK/NF-κB pathway was examined using TargetScan, dual-luciferase assays, miR-34a-5p mimics, and inhibitors in C2C12 myotubes under high glucose.
Results Diabetic mice showed reduced grip strength, GM mass, and muscle fiber cross-sectional area compared to controls. Markers of muscle atrophy, Atrogin-1, and MuRF-1, were elevated in diabetic mice. RNA-Seq identified 821 DEGs related to muscle atrophy, involved in processes like ion transport, transmembrane transport, lipid response, and IL-17 signaling. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis highlighted TNFA signaling via NFKB in GM. Hub genes Foxo1, IL-1β, TLR-4, and TNF were identified. miR-34a-5p was implicated in diabetic muscle atrophy. LGR4 expression was reduced in high glucose-exposed C2C12 myotubes and diabetic mice GM, while RANK and NF-κB levels were increased. LGR4 was confirmed as a target of miR-34a-5p. miR-34a-5p mimics decreased LGR4 and increased RANK, NF-κB, Atrogin-1, and MuRF-1 levels, effects reversed by miR-34a-5p inhibitors.
Conclusion Foxo1, IL-1β, TLR-4, and TNF are key genes in diabetic muscle atrophy. miR-34a-5p targets LGR4, activating the RANK/NF-κB pathway and contributing to muscle atrophy. These findings offer potential intervention targets for diabetic muscle atrophy.
PiERF1 undergoes ethylene signalling and regulates cold tolerance in Plumbago indica L.
Authors: Zhao Zi-An , Li Yi-Rui , Lei Ting , Liu Cai-Lei , Zeng Qing-Xiao , Liu Xuan , Yang Li-Juan , Li Jia-Ni , Gao Su-Ping
Published: December 2024

Ethylene is an essential regulatory factor in the signalling pathways involved in plant responses to abiotic stress, including cold stress, and plays a regulatory role in the cold response. Recent studies have shown that the exogenous application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), an ethylene promoter, affects plant cold tolerance. The cold-responsive specific gene DREB plays a crucial role in enhancing cold tolerance in plants by activating several cold-responsive (COR) genes. However, how the ethylene biosynthesis pathway regulates this gene in the cold response of thermophilic plants has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, the thermophilic plant Plumbago indica L. was used as an example, and physiological experiments and transcriptomic analyses revealed that cold stress treatment induced the synthesis of endogenous ACC and regulated the ethylene signalling activator PiERF1, while cold signalling also activated PiDREB1A. Spray experiments also revealed that ACC-induced upregulation of the PiERF1 gene reduced the cold tolerance of P. indica, and decreased the expression level of the PiDREB1A gene. These results indicate that ethylene signalling directly regulates the downstream gene PiERF1 and initiates the DREB‒COR cold-responsive signalling pathway to regulate cold tolerance, resulting in the negative regulation of cold tolerance in thermophilic plants.Ethylene is an essential regulatory factor in the signalling pathways involved in plant responses to abiotic stress, including cold stress, and plays a regulatory role in the cold response. Recent studies have shown that the exogenous application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), an ethylene promoter, affects plant cold tolerance. The cold-responsive specific gene DREB plays a crucial role in enhancing cold tolerance in plants by activating several cold-responsive (COR) genes. However, how the ethylene biosynthesis pathway regulates this gene in the cold response of thermophilic plants has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, the thermophilic plant Plumbago indica L. was used as an example, and physiological experiments and transcriptomic analyses revealed that cold stress treatment induced the synthesis of endogenous ACC and regulated the ethylene signalling activator PiERF1, while cold signalling also activated PiDREB1A. Spray experiments also revealed that ACC-induced upregulation of the PiERF1 gene reduced the cold tolerance of P. indica, and decreased the expression level of the PiDREB1A gene. These results indicate that ethylene signalling directly regulates the downstream gene PiERF1 and initiates the DREB‒COR cold-responsive signalling pathway to regulate cold tolerance, resulting in the negative regulation of cold tolerance in thermophilic plants.
Functional differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells into neuron-like cells exhibiting electrophysiological activity
Authors: Pardo-Rodríguez Beatriz , Baraibar Andrés Mateo , Manero-Roig Irene , Luzuriaga Jon , Salvador-Moya Jone , Polo Yurena , Basanta-Torres Ruth , Unda Fernando , Mato Susana , Ibarretxe Gaskon , Pineda Jose R.
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim:
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) constitute a promising alternative for central nervous system (CNS) cell therapy. Unlike other human stem cells, hDPSCs can be differentiated, without genetic modification, to neural cells that secrete neuroprotective factors. However, a better understanding of their real capacity to give rise to functional neurons and integrate into synaptic networks is still needed. For that, ex vivo differentiation protocols must be refined, especially to avoid the use of fetal animal serum. The aim of our study is to improve existing differentiation protocols of hDPSCs into neuron-like cells.
Methods
We compared the effects of the 1) absence or presence of fetal serum during the initial expansion phase as a step prior to switching cultures to neurodifferentiation media. We 2) improved hDPSC neurodifferentiation by adding retinoic acid (RA) and potassium chloride (KCl) pulses for 21 or 60 days and characterized the results by immunofluorescence, digital morphometric analysis, RT-qPCR and electrophysiology.
Results
We found that neural markers like Nestin, GFAP, S100β and p75NTR were expressed differently in neurodifferentiated hDPSC cultures depending on the presence or absence of serum during the initial cell expansion phase. In addition, hDPSCs previously grown as spheroids in serum-free medium exhibited in vitro expression of neuronal markers such as doublecortin (DCX), neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), Ankyrin-G and MAP2 after neurodifferentiation. Presynaptic vGLUT2, Synapsin-I, and excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic postsynaptic scaffold proteins and receptor subunits were also present in these neurodifferentiated hDPSCs. Treatment with KCl and RA increased the amount of both voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channel subunits in neurodifferentiated hDPSCs at the transcript level. Consistently, these cells displayed voltage-dependent K+ and TTX-sensitive Na+ currents as well as spontaneous electrophysiological activity and repetitive neuronal action potentials with a full baseline potential recovery.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that hDPSCs can be differentiated to neuronal-like cells that display functional excitability and thus evidence the potential of these easily accessible human stem cells for nerve tissue engineering. These results highlight the importance of choosing an appropriate culture protocol to successfully neurodifferentiate hDPSCs.
Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilizer and Planting Density to Improve Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Direct Seeded Shaga Rice in Ethiopia
Authors: Tafere christian , Assega Habtamu , Tadesse Zelalem
Published: December 2024

Achieving high yield and quality rice with low environmental impact costs is the main driver of modern rice production systems. However, limited recommendations on optimal nitrogen (N) fertilizer and planting density for site-specific locations in Ethiopia are a challenge for achieving increased rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The purpose of this study was to optimize N fertilizer and planting density to improve the NUE, yield and yield attributes of Shaga rice. A factorial combination of N rates (N 184 , N 276 & N 368 kgha− 1) and planting density (D 60 , D 80 & D 100 kgha− 1 was presented as a randomized complete block design with three replications in the field experiments carried out between the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 cropping seasons. The findings showed that the partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPn), NUE, grain yield, leaf area indices, number of filled spikelets, spikletes per panicle, and biomass accumulation of shaga rice were all significantly affected by the interaction between N rates and D. Grain yield and NUE increased by 49.2% and 0.342%, respectively, with optimized N184 kgha-1. Increasing N application rate by N 368 kgha− 1 resulted in low PFPn (8.4%). N 184 kgha− 1 application along with D 100 kgha− 1 significantly increased grain yield (6.7tha− 1) for Fogera and N 276 with D 60 kgha− 1 combination attained better grain yield (6.2tha− 1) for North Achefer. Low temperature stress (14.40C) reduced the number of fertile spikelets. Days to 50% heading significantly delayed (102 days) by combination of D 100 and with N 368 kgha− 1 application rate. The application of a high N dose (N 368 kgha− 1) delayed physiological maturity (157 days) by promoting vegetative growth and leaf photosynthesis. NUE, PFPn, and quality of high yielding Shaga rice with application of high N rate (N 368 kgha− 1), was low and improved by reducing the N rate and increasing D. Low PFPn, 19.2% with application of N 276 kgha− 1 shows attention should be given to the application of slow – release N fertilizer, to the application of slow-release N fertilizer, split application, and time of application to minimize loss of N. The economic analysis revealed that the combination of N 184 and D 100 kgha− 1, and N 276 and D 60 kgha− 1 yielded the highest net income return of 2,722.43 and 2,460.91 US$ ha− 1 respectively, in Fogera as the optimal recommendation for achieving high profit with rice production in North Achefer.
Research on an Ultrafine Water Mist Partition Multistage Dust Suppression System in Underground Excavation Tunnel
Authors: Jing Deji , Kan Qisheng , Dai Mingying , Ma Jichuang , Bao Chunhua , Du Pengyu , Chang Ping
Published: December 2024

A large amount of coal dust is produced in coal mine excavation, which has a serious impact on the working environment and health of underground workers. To address this problem, the spatial and temporal evolution process of coal dust in the excavation tunnel is analyzed via numerical simulation, and an ultrafine water mist partition multistage dust suppression system is developed. The results show that in the original ventilation mode, the air velocity within 5 m from the workface varies greatly, up to 17 m/s. When the airflow impacts the workface, it shifts to the return air side and gradually stabilizes below 2 m/s. Driven by airflow, coal dust gathers around the tunneling machine and diffuses to the rear of the tunnel, the speed increases first and then decreases, and the whole tunnel is filled in 40 s. Within 10 s, the water mist particles cover the whole tunnel at a high speed, capture and settle the coal dust particles, and prevent the further spread of coal dust. After application to the I030409 excavation workface in the Qipanjing Coal Mine, the average reduction efficiency for total dust and respirable dust in the tunnel reached 91.74% and 93.4%, respectively. Therefore, the system successfully achieves partitioning multilevel dust reduction.
DTX1 Modulates Microglial M1 Polarization and Exacerbates Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury model rats through NF - κB/IRF5
Authors: Zhang Yonghui , Li Rongwei , Zou Zongxing , Fu Xiaochuan , Li Ganyu , Wang Lu , Zhang Yan , Chen Yuyu , Chen Zuzhi , Yang Dongfang , Jiao Yan , Zhang Weiguang , Mei Tieniu , Tan Liang , Cao Ying , Yin Changlin
Published: December 2024

Neuroinflammation significantly contributes to the progression of traumatic brain injury (TBI), in which microglial activation playing a crucial role. This study explores the impact of Deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (DTX1) on microglial polarization and neuroinflammation post-TBI. We investigated DTX1 expression in a rat TBI model. Through gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we elucidated DTX1’s role in modulating inflammatory cytokine production and microglial polarization by reverse transcription PCR, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). DTX1 expression was significantly up-regulated in LPS-stimulated microglia and post-TBI rat brains. Overexpression of DTX1 promoted the production of proinflammatory cytokines and induced an M1 microglial phenotype, marked by elevated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and reduced Arginase-1 (Arg1). Conversely, DTX1 silencing exhibited anti-inflammatory effects. In the TBI rat model, DTX1 overexpression exacerbated neuroinflammation and cognitive impairments, while its knockdown ameliorated these effects. Our findings suggested that DTX1 is a key regulator of microglial polarization and neuroinflammation, herald a promising therapeutic target for TBI treatment.