bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of high organic content wastewater from food-processing industry with the French vertical flow constructed wetland system
Authors: Paing J. , Serdobbel V. , Welschbillig M. , Calvez M. , Gagnon V. , Chazarenc F.
Published: June 2015

This study aimed at determining the treatment performances of a full-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands designed to treat wastewater from a food-processing industry (cookie factory), and to study the influence of the organic loading rate. The full-scale treatment plant was designed with a first vertical stage of 630 m², a second vertical stage of 473 m² equipped with a recirculation system and followed by a final horizontal stage of 440 m². The plant was commissioned in 2011, and was operated at different loading rates during 16 months for the purpose of this study. Treatment performances were determined by 24 hour composite samples. The mean concentration of the raw effluent was 8,548 mg.L−1 chemical oxygen demand (COD), 4,334 mg.L−1 biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and 2,069 mg.L−1 suspended solids (SS). Despite low nutrients content with a BOD5/N/P ratio of 100/1.8/0.5, lower than optimum for biological degradation (known as 100/5/1), mean removal performances were very high with 98% for COD, 99% for BOD5 and SS for the two vertical stages. The increasing of the organic load from 50 g.m−2.d−1 COD to 237 g.m−2.d−1 COD (on the first stage) did not affect removal performances. The mean quality of effluent reached French standards (COD < 125 mg.L−1, BOD5 < 25 mg.L−1, SS < 35 mg.L−1).
Evaluation of the simultaneous biogas upgrading and treatment of centrates in a high-rate algal pond through C, N and P mass balances
Authors: Alcántara Cynthia , García-Encina Pedro A. , Muñoz Raúl
Published: June 2015

The simultaneous capture of CO2 from biogas and removal of carbon and nutrients from diluted centrates in a 180 L high-rate algal pond (HRAP) interconnected to a 2.5 L absorption column were evaluated using a C, N and P mass balance approach. The experimental set-up was operated indoors at 75 μE/m2·s for 24 h/d at 20 days of hydraulic retention time for 2 months of steady state, and supported a C-CO2 removal in the absorption column of 55 ± 6%. Carbon fixation into biomass only accounted for 9 ± 2% of the total C input, which explains the low biomass productivity recorded in the HRAP. In this context, the low impinging light intensity along with the high turbulence in the culture broth entailed a C stripping as CO2 of 49 ± 5% of the total carbon input. Nitrification was the main NH4+ removal mechanism and accounted for 47 ± 2% of the inlet N-NH4+, while N removal as biomass represented 14 ± 2% of the total nitrogen input. A luxury P uptake was recorded, which resulted in a P-PO4−3 biomass content over structural requirements (2.5 ± 0.1%). Phosphorus assimilation corresponded to a 77 ± 2% of the inlet dissolved P-PO4−3 removed.
Conservative treatment of bronchobiliary fistula evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Adzic-Vukicevic Tatjana , Blanka Ana , Ilic Aleksandra , Raljevic Snezana , Maksimovic Ruzica , Djuranovic Srdjan
Published: June 2015

Introduction. Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is a pathological communication
between the bronchial system and the biliary tree that presents with
bilioptysis. Many conditions can cause its development. There is still no
optimal therapy for BBF. Conservative treatment is rarely indicated, as was
published before in a few cases. Case report. We presented a 71-year-old
Caucasian Serbian woman with BBF secondary to previous laparotomy due to
multiple echinococcus liver cysts. The diagnosis was established by the
presence of bilirubin and bile acids in sputum and magnetic resonance
cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). A repeat MRCP performed after conservative
procedure, did not reveal fistulous communication. Conclusion. We suggest
that in small and less severe fistulas between the biliary and the bronchial
tract, conservative treatment may be used successfully, and invasive
treatment methods are not needed in all patients.
Annona Squamosa Leaf Extract as an Efficient Bioreducing Agent in the Synthesis of Chromium and Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Mamuru Solomon A. , Bello Abubakar S. , Hamman Saminu B.
Published: June 2015

Biosynthesis is one of the rapid, reliable, and eco-friendly routes for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles in areas of nanotechnology research. The synthesis of chromium and nickel nanoparticles using Annona squamosa leaf extracts at neutral pH was studied. The formed metal nanoparticles were confirmed by colour changes from colourless to dark brown and it was characterized using UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. UV-visible spectrums of the aqueous medium containing the metal nanoparticles show a surface Plasmon resonance at 285 nm. FT-IR analysis reveals that phytochemical groups of aromatic amine character might be responsible for the reduction to metal nanoparticles.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 167-169 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.11651
Bayesian analysis for genotype x environment interactions and the GGE-biplot assessment: Evaluation of balanced classifications with missing values
Authors: Omer Siraj Osman , Slafab Eltayeb Hassan , Rathore Abhishek
Published: June 2015

In multiple environmental trials (METs) most of the data, balanced or unbalanced, are normally tested over a wide range of environments (locations, years, growing seasons, etc.) and the basic statistical method used to obtain reliable statistical information. A case study is presented here to demonstrate the usefulness of Bayesian approach in genotype-by environment data analysis, in comparison with frequentist approach and GGE biplot assessment classification with missing value. Particular emphasis was given to Bayesian application that exploits pedigree information and to the analysis of GEI data for estimation of heritability, genetic gain and means prediction. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method has been considered to perform Bayesian inference using R2WinBUGS. The study recently done in sorghum variety trials show investigation can be applied for multi environmental trial data. Results shows that the Bayesian estimation of variance components was accurate compared to the frequentist. The two principal components in GGEbiplot analysis were significant, explaining 95.13% (85.17% PC1 and 9.9.% PC2) for frequentist approach and explaining 97.36% (84.06% PC1 and 13.3% PC2) for Bayesian approach of interaction variation. Bayesian analysis indicates GGE-biplot gave the best results in contributing to the GEI. Bayesian approach for analysis GEI data is highly suitable with missing values.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 210-217 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.11908
Effect of Organic Manures on the Yield and Quality of True Seeds of Onion
Authors: Mollah M. R. A. , Ali M. A. , Ahmad M. , Hassan M. K. , Prodhan M. Z. H.
Published: June 2015

The present study was stimulated by the problem of onion seed production where seed production is possibly only winter period after which rapid increase in temperature as well as early shower adversely affect the quality of seed. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications to determine optimum doses of manures and fertilizers for maximizing quality true seeds of onion. Six treatments viz. T1= Only inorganic fertilizer recommended by Spices Research Centre (SRC), T2 = T1 + Cowdung manure 7.5 t/ha, T3= T1 + Poultry manure 5 t/ha, T4= T1 + Mustard oil cake 5 t/ha, T5= T1 + Dhaincha 5 t/ha and T6= Control (No manures and fertilizer application)were consisted to achieve the objective. The research work was done at On-Farm Research Division, BARI, Bogra during September, 2010 to June, 2011. The results revealed that the growth parameters, seed yield components, health and quality of harvested seeds were significantly influenced by the different treatments. Results showed that among different treatments, inorganic fertilizer Urea, TSP, MoP, Gypsum, Zinc oxide and Boric acid @ 250, 275, 150, 110, 3 and 5 kg/ha, respectively along with Cowdung 7.5 t/ha was the best for true seed production of onion at Bogra region in Bangladesh.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 162-166 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12279
Development of EST-SSR Markers to Assess Genetic Diversity in Elettaria Cardamomum Maton
Authors: Anjali N , Dharan Sowmya S , Nadiya F , Sabu K K
Published: June 2015

Elettaria cardamomum Maton is one of the most ancient and valuable spice crops. Cardamom is cultivated following intensive pesticide usage where alleles present in the wild cardamom genotypes could positively contribute towards genetic improvement of the cultivars. However, the genetic map or whole-genome sequence of E. cardamomum is not available and very limited information on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are publicly available. We have tested whether SSRs from Curcuma longa can be used to analyze genetic diversity E. cardamomum.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 188-192 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12380
The Capacity of Lignin to Enhance the Phthorimaea opercullela Granulovirus (PhopGV) Stability in Laboratory Condition
Authors: Bhattarai Shiva Shankar , Aryal Sunil , Thapa Resham Bahadur
Published: June 2015

The lab persistence of Phthorimaea opercullela granulovirus (PhopGV) with and without lignin for egg bioassay with different five virus concentrations (lab experiment- 60, 10, 1.67, 0.28 and 0.046 LE/l 20- 0.015432 LE/l ) to determine the inactivation curve under artificial UVlight, assess the effect and verify the protective capacity of lignin with PhopGV for virus preparations suspensions of raw PhopGV alone and mixed with lignin (1%) used as UV protectants was conducted in simply completely randomised design in the laboratory condition. The LC50 value for PhopGV in lab condition was 1x10-3 LE/l with the slope of the probit regression line 0.51. Similarly, half inactivation speed with lignin was 4.58 days compared to 0.559 days without lignin in lab condition. Inactivation speed was decreased by 87.8 % in case of lignin applied in lab condition. So, the suppression of PTM with virus combined with lignin gave cost effective measures through the use of low dosages. In lab experiment, the control mortality of 19.6 % was probable for all the controls of lignin present and absent. This revealed that there was no effect of lignin alone on target insects’ survival.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 256-260 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12481
Isolation, Screening and Optimization of Estuary Region (Khambhat, Gujarat) Microalgae for Lipid/Oil Production
Authors: Guruvaiah Mahendraperumal , Narra Madhuri , Dixit Garima , Karawadia Punit , Shah Deval
Published: June 2015

Water and soil samples were collected from gulf of Khambhat region, Gujarat. The cations and anions like calcium, chloride, fluoride, magnesium, sulphate and total hardness as calcium carbonate were analyzed. Collected estuarine samples were cultured in three different media under standard laboratory conditions. These enrichments were then used to isolate pure unialgal culture by conventional method. Thirty four isolates belonging to twelve species of Cyanobacteria, twenty species of Chlorophyta and two taxa of Bacillariophyta were identified and are maintained at SPRERI centre. The Chlorophyta were found better accumulators of lipids than the cyanobacterial species. Five promising strains (SBC 7, SBC 9, SBC 17, SBC 18 and SBC 19) have been selected. In-house isolates SBC19 and SBC 17 showed highest acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) of 55.2 (U/ml) and 51.2 (U/ml) respectively, with 0.375 g l-1 nitrogen concentration in 24 days. Biomass production was highest for 2.4 g/l, (SBC 19) and 2.7 g/l (SBC 17) with 1.5 g l-1 nitrogen concentration. The highest lipid content was 52% and 48% in SBC19 and SBC 17, respectively, with 0.375 g l-1 nitrogen concentration of solvent extraction method. Lipid accumulation was found enhanced by more than 50% on dry mass basis under nitrogen starvation.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 197-201 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12534
Phylogenetic and Systematic Value of Leaf Epidermal Characteristics in Some Members of Nigerian Fabaceae
Authors: Alege Gbenga Olorunshola , Shaibu Daniel Ojima
Published: June 2015

This study was undertaken at the Botanical Garden of Biological Sciences Department, Kogi State University, Anyigba with the aim of assessing the systematic and phylogenetic relevance of leaf epidermal attributes in the 10 selected species of Fabaceae. Stomata, trichomes and epidermal cell attributes were taken from adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Results obtained in this study revealed that all the 10 plant species considered possess hypo-amphistomatic leaf condition, paracytic stomata type, polygon and irregular shape epidermal cells(on the abaxial surface) which points to their common ancestry. All the analyzed leaf epidermal traits considered on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces showed significant variations among the 10 studied plant species which indicates that genetic diversity exists among members of Fabaceae for their delimitation. It was also observed that all the plants with tree habit considered in this study (i.e Delonix regia, Parkia biglobosa, Senna siamea, Daniella oliveri and Caesalpinia pulcherrima) lack stomata on the adaxial surfaces which strongly suggest that absence of stomata on the adaxial surface may be peculiar to Legumes with such habit. Cluster analysis revealed 2 major clusters and 2 sub-clusters with the first cluster comprising only Senna siamea and Caesalpinia pulcherrima which confirms their close phylogenetic relationship. Variations in trichomes, stomata and epidermal attributes were obvious and could be used to resolve systematic and phylogenetic problems in this family.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 301-307 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12733
Electrochemical Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Butyrate-Prmutit Composite Membrane in Aqueous Uni-Uni Valent Electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Tiwari A.K. , Sonkar R. , Tiwari P.K.
Published: June 2015

Co-mixed cellulose acetate butyrate and permutit in a definite composition was prepared and coded as MRS-2. The membrane potential was measured with uni-uni valent electrolyte, NaCl solutions using saturated calomel electrodes (SCEs).The effective fixed charge density of the membrane was determined by TMS method and it showed dependence on the porosity, charge on the membrane matrix, charge and size of permeating ions. Other important electrochemical parameters were calculated. Conductance-time data were generated for the kinetic study of the permeating ions in terms of membrane permeability, flow and flux parameters. Donnan membrane equilibrium condition was examined. Membrane adsorbability showed concave dependence with external electrolyte solution and convex type dependence was showed by swelling and conductance parameters. This membrane had no characteristic of anomalous osmosis, indicates that there is no water flooding will take place during membrane operation.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 337-341 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12748
Nondestructive radioactive tracer technique in performance evaluation of organic based ion exchange materials Purolite NRW-4000 and Duolite A-378
Authors: Singare P. U.
Published: June 2015

The present paper demonstrates nondestructive application of the 131I and 82Br radioisotopes in performance evaluation of organic base anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-4000 and Duolite A-378. The evaluation was based on kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions taking place between the external ionic solution and the resin surface. It was observed that at a constant temperature of 35.0 °C when the concentration of bromide ions in solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the specific reaction rate values for bromide ion-isotopic exchange increases from 0.228 to 0.266 min−1 using Purolite NRW-4000 resins and from 0.160 to 0.185 min−1 using Duolite A-378 resins. Also it was observed that under the same experimental conditions, the percentage of bromide ions exchanged increases from 60.67 % to 67.00 % using Purolite NRW-4000 resin, while for Duolite A-378 resin it increases from 49.30 % to 52.00%. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The overall results indicate that under identical experimental conditions, as compared to Duolite A-378 resins, Purolite NRW-4000 resins shows superior performance. It is expected that the present nondestructive radiotracer technique can be extended further for characterization of series of nuclear as well as non-nuclear grade ion exchange resins. The results of such study will be immensely useful in proper selection of the ion exchange resins in various industrial applications.
Peanut Response to Postemergence Application of Pyroxasulfone
Authors: Eure P.M. , Prostko E.P. , Merchant R.M.
Published: June 2015

Field experiments were conducted from 2009 through 2011 to evaluate peanut tolerance to postemergence (POST) applications of pyroxasulfone applied alone or in combination with commonly used foliar herbicides. Hherbicide treatments were arranged in a factorial arrangement that included three pyroxasulfone rates (0, 240, and 480 g ai/ha) and four POST application timings [10, 30, 60, and 90 days after planting (DAP)]. Pyroxasulfone applied at 240 or 480 g ai/ha 10 DAP caused 24 and 33% stunting 2 weeks after treatment (WAT), respectively. Regardless of pyroxasulfone rate, peanut stunting following application 30, 60, or 90 DAP was less than 3%. Peanut yield was not influenced by POST applied pyroxasulfone applied alone. In a second experiment, herbicide treatments were applied in a factorial treatment arrangement that included two pyroxasulfone rates (0 and 240 g ai/ha) and six POST herbicide systems [none; paraquat (140 g ai/ha); paraquat (210 g ai/ha) plus bentazon (280 g ai/ha); paraquat (210 g ai/ha) plus bentazon (560 g ai/ha) plus acifluorfen (280 g ai/ha); imazapic (70 g ai/ha); and lactofen (220 g ai/ha)]. Stunting 2 WAT with paraquat applied 10 DAP ranged from 33 to 37% while less injury was observed with lactofen or imazapic. Peanut stunting 9 WAT ranged from 3 to 6% regardless of weed management system. Pyroxasulfone applied in combination with POST herbicides did not reduce peanut yield.
Preputial Dartos Reinforced Snodgrass Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasties in Distal Hypospadias to Prevent Urethrocutaneous Fistula
Authors: Talukder Md Shah Alam , Talukder Debesh Ch , Mahmud Md Abdullah Al , Ali Mohammed Showkot , Khan Nadiuzzaman , Das Shankar Chandra , Islam Sangul , Bari Md Shafiqul
Published: June 2015

Urethro cutaneous fistula( U-C fistula) is the most common complication of hypospadias surgery. It frequently needs separate surgeries for closure, which bring a great deal of physical and mental agony and monetary involvement of the patient and his family. Many efforts have been invented to prevent the u-c fistula with various degree of success. We would like to see the outcome of Preputial Dartos Reinforced Snodgrass Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasties in Distal Hypospadias to Prevent Urethrocutaneous Fistula. This interventional study was performed to see the outcome of preputial dartos reinforced Snodgrass tubularized incised plate urethroplasties in distal hypospadias specially urethrocutaneous fistula prevention. For this purpose 40 patients were selected having distal hypospadias age ranging from 6 months to 11 years admitted in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mymensingh Medical College & Hospital during the period of January 2010 to March 2011. Out of 40 patients, 20 were in group-A (preputial dartos flap) and another 20 were included in group - B (without flap). All this patients were followed by perioperative and postoperative care. Few patients developed postoperative pyrexia, wound infection, stent blockage which were treated accordingly leaving minimum morbidity. Both groups of patients were followed up for 3 months after surgery. Present study is probably a better technique to prevent fistulaassociated morbidities in distal Snodgrass TIP urethroplasties.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 3(1): 12-17, 2012 (January)
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumour in Antimesenteric Border of Descending Colon of Children: A Case Report
Authors: Islam Shahnoor , Morshed AKM Amirul , Islam Afiqul
Published: June 2015

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) occurring at intraabdominal sites in children has rarely been described. Inflammatory pseudotumour is a soft tissue lesion that may be confused with a sarcoma. It is abbreviated as IMT. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, also known as soft tissue tumours, atypical fibromyxoid tumours, pseudosarcomatous fibromyxoid tumour, plasma cell granuloma, pseudosarcomatous myofibrotic proliferation, post-operative spindle cell nodules. In this paper, we describe a case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) with an unusual constellation of clinical, pathological findings. A 10-year-old girl had an 7-cm intraabdominal mass accompanied by severe anemia, fever, constipation, weight loss, thrombocytosis, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Laparotomy was performed. The final pathologic diagnosis was IMT. At the most recent follow up (12months) after excision of the tumour, the patient was symptom-free and there was no evidence of tumour recurrence.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 3(1): 47-50, 2012 (January)
A Case Report of Nasopharngeal Carcinoma in Children presented with rt. Neck Mass
Authors: Morshed AKM Amirul , Islam Shahnoor , Rahman Zakia , Begum Helena , Ali Syed Ahsan
Published: June 2015

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare disease in children. It present with mass in the nasopharynx or neck swelling. Recently a six year old boy was diagnosed as a case of NPC and treated with standard chemotherapy. The boy was presented with neck swelling, palatal palsy and ear discharge. The patient was diagnosed by lymph node biopsy and immunohistochemistry. The diagnosis was delayed for 4 months which usually occur in our country. He was diagnosed by lymph node biopsy and immunohistochemistry. He was treated with standard protocol based chemotherapy.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 4(1): 32-35, 2013 (January
Graphene/Epoxy Coating as Multifunctional Material for Aircraft Structures
Authors: Monetta Tullio , Acquesta Annalisa , Bellucci Francesco
Published: June 2015

Recently, the use of graphene as a conductive nanofiller in the preparation of inorganic/polymer nanocomposites has attracted increasing interest in the aerospace field. The reason for this is the possibility of overcoming problems strictly connected to the aircraft structures, such as electrical conductivity and thus lightning strike protection. In addition, graphene is an ideal candidate to enhance the anti-corrosion properties of the resin, since it absorbs most of the light and provides hydrophobicity for repelling water. An important aspect of these multifunctional materials is that all these improvements can be realized even at very low filler loadings in the polymer matrix. In this work, graphene nanoflakes were incorporated into a water-based epoxy resin, and then the hybrid coating was applied to Al 2024-T3 samples. The addition of graphene considerably improved some physical properties of the hybrid coating as demonstrated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, ameliorating anti-corrosion performances of raw material. DSC measurements and Cross-cut Test showed that graphene did not affect the curing process or the adhesion properties. Moreover, an increment of water contact angle was displayed.
On the Classical Coupling between Gravity and Electromagnetism
Authors: Becker Maria , Caprez Adam , Batelaan Herman
Published: June 2015

Coupling between electromagnetism and gravity, manifested as the distorted Coulomb field of a charge distribution in a gravitational field, has never been observed. A physical system consisting of an electron in a charged shell provides a coupling that is orders of magnitude stronger than for any previously-considered system. A shell voltage of one megavolt is required to establish a gravitationally-induced electromagnetic force equal in magnitude to the force of gravity on an electron. The experimental feasibility of detecting these forces on an electron is discussed. The effect establishes a relation between Einstein’s energy-mass equivalence and the coupling between electromagnetism and gravity.
Discrimination between Arabica and Robusta Coffees Using Hydrosoluble Compounds: Is the Efficiency of the Parameters Dependent on the Roast Degree?
Authors: Dias Rafael , Benassi Marta
Published: June 2015

Coffea arabica (arabica) and Coffea canephora (robusta) are the most important coffee species. Arabica has higher commercial value and, in general, more favorable sensory characteristics. After roasting, analytical methods are required to differentiate species. Blends with different proportions of arabica/robusta coffees, roasted at three degrees were studied. Color parameters and the levels of chlorogenic (5-CQA) and nicotinic acids, caffeine, and trigonelline were evaluated. Hydrosoluble compounds were analyzed by their efficiency to discriminate coffee species, considering different roast degrees. Caffeine was a good discriminator, regardless of roast degree. The roast degree influenced the efficiency of discrimination of the other hydrosoluble compounds. A model using color parameters and the variables Ratio (5-CQA/caffeine contents ratio) and Sum (sum of nicotinic acid and trigonelline contents) was proposed to the estimation of roasting degree. Considering the use of heat-labile compounds, the discrimination among coffee species should be carried out in two steps: first, the characterization of roasting degree, and subsequently the appropriate parameters are defined for each roasting degree. Thus, the combined use of color parameters and hydrosoluble compounds could be useful to help the differentiation of coffee species in blends of roasted samples.
Preparation and Electrocatalytic Characteristics of PdW/C Catalyst for Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Liu Qi , Liu Mingshuang , Li Qiaoxia , Xu Qunjie
Published: June 2015

A series of PdW alloy supported on Vulcan XC-72 Carbon (PdW/C) with total 20 wt. % as electrocatalyst are prepared for ethanol oxidation by an ethylene glycol assisted method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization shows that PdW nanoparticles with an average size of 3.6 nm are well dispersed on the surface of Vulcan XC-72 Carbon. It is found that the catalytic activity and stability of the PdW/C catalysts are strongly dependent on Pd/W ratios, an optimal Pd/W composition at 1/1 ratio revealed the highest catalytic activity toward ethanol oxidation, which is much better than commercial Pd/C catalysts.
Investigation of Marine-Derived Fungal Diversity and Their Exploitable Biological Activities
Authors: Hong Joo-Hyun , Jang Seokyoon , Heo Young , Min Mihee , Lee Hwanhwi , Lee Young , Lee Hanbyul , Kim Jae-Jin
Published: June 2015

Marine fungi are potential producers of bioactive compounds that may have pharmacological and medicinal applications. Fungi were cultured from marine brown algae and identified using multiple target genes to confirm phylogenetic placement. These target genes included the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the nuclear large subunit (LSU), and the β-tubulin region. Various biological activities of marine-derived fungi were evaluated, including their antifungal, antioxidant and cellulolytic enzyme activities. As a result, a total of 50 fungi was isolated from the brown algae Sargassum sp. Among the 50 isolated fungi, Corollospora angusta was the dominant species in this study. The genus Arthrinium showed a relatively strong antifungal activity to all of the target plant pathogenic fungi. In particular, Arthrinium saccharicola KUC21221 showed high radical scavenging activity and the highest activities in terms of filter paper units (0.39 U/mL), endoglucanase activity (0.38 U/mL), and β-glucosidase activity (1.04 U/mL).
Culture Condition Optimization and Pilot Scale Production of the M12 Metalloprotease Myroilysin Produced by the Deep-Sea Bacterium Myroides profundi D25
Authors: Shao Xuan , Ran Li-Yuan , Liu Chang , Chen Xiu-Lan , Zhang Xi-Ying , Qin Qi-Long , Zhou Bai-Cheng , Zhang Yu-Zhong
Published: June 2015

The protease myroilysin is the most abundant protease secreted by marine sedimental bacterium Myroides profundi D25. As a novel elastase of the M12 family, myroilysin has high elastin-degrading activity and strong collagen-swelling ability, suggesting its promising biotechnological potential. Because myroilysin cannot be maturely expressed in Escherichia coli, it is important to be able to improve the production of myroilysin in the wild strain D25. We optimized the culture conditions of strain D25 for protease production by using single factor experiments. Under the optimized conditions, the protease activity of strain D25 reached 1137 ± 53.29 U/mL, i.e., 174% of that before optimization (652 ± 23.78 U/mL). We then conducted small scale fermentations of D25 in a 7.5 L fermentor. The protease activity of strain D25 in small scale fermentations reached 1546.4 ± 82.65 U/mL after parameter optimization. Based on the small scale fermentation results, we further conducted pilot scale fermentations of D25 in a 200 L fermentor, in which the protease production of D25 reached approximately 1100 U/mL. These results indicate that we successfully set up the small and pilot scale fermentation processes of strain D25 for myroilysin production, which should be helpful for the industrial production of myroilysin and the development of its biotechnological potential.
Nano-Sized Secondary Organic Aerosol of Diesel Engine Exhaust Origin Impairs Olfactory-Based Spatial Learning Performance in Preweaning Mice
Authors: Win-Shwe Tin-Tin , Kyi-Tha-Thu Chaw , Moe Yadanar , Maekawa Fumihiko , Yanagisawa Rie , Furuyama Akiko , Tsukahara Shinji , Fujitani Yuji , Hirano Seishiro
Published: June 2015

The aims of our present study were to establish a novel olfactory-based spatial learning test and to examine the effects of exposure to nano-sized diesel exhaust-origin secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a model environmental pollutant, on the learning performance in preweaning mice. Pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed to clean air, diesel exhaust (DE), or DE-origin SOA (DE-SOA) from gestational day 14 to postnatal day (PND) 10 in exposure chambers. On PND 11, the preweaning mice were examined by the olfactory-based spatial learning test. After completion of the spatial learning test, the hippocampus from each mouse was removed and examined for the expressions of neurological and immunological markers using real-time RT-PCR. In the test phase of the study, the mice exposed to DE or DE-SOA took a longer time to reach the target as compared to the control mice. The expression levels of neurological markers such as the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits NR1 and NR2B, and of immunological markers such as TNF-α, COX2, and Iba1 were significantly increased in the hippocampi of the DE-SOA-exposed preweaning mice as compared to the control mice. Our results indicate that DE-SOA exposure in utero and in the neonatal period may affect the olfactory-based spatial learning behavior in preweaning mice by modulating the expressions of memory function–related pathway genes and inflammatory markers in the hippocampus.
Stormwater Field Evaluation and Its Challenges of a Sediment Basin with Skimmer and Baffles at a Highway Construction Site
Authors: Fang Xing , Zech Wesley , Logan Christopher
Published: June 2015

A field-scale data collection plan to monitor and evaluate the performance of a sediment basin design was developed and implemented using portable automatic stormwater samplers, flow modules, a rain gauge, and inflow weirs. The design configuration consisted of a skimmer as the primary dewatering device, three coir baffles installed inside the basin, polyacrylamide flocculant blocks and ditch checks in the inflow channel. A sediment basin built on a highway construction site in Franklin County, Alabama, U.S. using the aforementioned design configuration was monitored over 16 rainfall events from 15 November 2011 to 6 February 2012. The basin effectively removed sediments during the early stages of construction when the correct type of polyacrylamide flocculant blocks was used, e.g., 97.9% of sediment removal after a rainfall event on 16 November 2011. It is difficult and challenging to dose sediment-laden stormwater inflow with an exact amount of flocculating agent across all runoff producing events since rainfall is a stochastic variable. Based upon results from this study, it is recommended that a minimum volume of 251.9 m3/ha of contributing drainage area be used to sufficiently size a basin, which is still significantly under-designed for a 2-year, 24-h storm event in the southeast. This paper presents challenges and lessons learned regarding sediment basin design, monitoring, and performance that are beneficial to future studies.
Morphological Markedness in an OT-Grammar: zeros and syncretism
Authors: Pertsova Katya
Published: June 2015

In this paper, I propose to extend a model of grammar in which lexical spellout and phonological computation occur in the same component (e.g., serial OT with Optimal Interleaving (Wolf, 2008)) with a family of morphological markedness constraints.  These constraints punish realization of morpho-syntactically marked combinations of features.  They form a markedness hierarchy in which constraints against more marked feature(s) are ranked higher than constraints against less marked feature(s).  Inclusion of such constraints provides a natural way to account for certain cases of non-realization of morphological contrasts in marked contexts (zero marking), as well as cases of syncretism in which a marked paradigm cell in certain contexts becomes occupied by an exponent typically used in less marked cells.  Analyses of both types of cases are discussed in this paper.  Moreover, this model predicts tradeoffs and interactions between morphological markedness and phonological constraints.  Russian Genitive Plural allomorphy, discussed in this paper, provides one example of such interactions.
Morphosyntactic Structure of Phonological Words
Authors: Shwayder Kobey
Published: June 2015

Many theories of phonology use some notion of ``word'' as a unit of representation or as a domain for application of phonological processes. However, the determination of when a phonological unit counts as a word is not tied to any outside structure or definition, it is simply assumed as a primitive unit of the calculation. The assumption that the word is a primitive unit, however, is questioned by the theory of Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993, et seq.). If the word is not a unit on the syntactic side of the derivation, however, then there is the question of where the unit of the phonological word comes from.

The goal of this paper is to present an overview of a theory which calculates the correspondences between the information from the morphosyntax and the phonological domain of the word. This paper highlights a number of correspondences between morphosyntactic structures and phonological words and posits some possible operations on the PF derivation for creating phonological words from these structures.
Logic and the Generative Power of Autosegmental Phonology
Authors: Jardine Adam
Published: June 2015

Autosegmental Phonology is studied in the framework of Formal Language Theory, which classifies the computational complexity of patterns. In contrast to previous computational studies of Autosegmental Phonology, which were mainly concerned with finite-state implementations of the formalism, a methodology for a model-theoretic study of autosegmental diagrams with monadic second-order logic is introduced. Monadic second order logic provides a mathematically rigorous way of studying autosegmental formalisms, and its complexity is well understood. The preliminary conclusion is that autosegmental diagrams which conform to the well-formedness constraints defined here likely describe at most regular sets of strings.
Editors' note
Authors: Kingston John , Moore-Cantwell Claire , Pater Joe , Staubs Robert
Published: June 2015

This is a brief note about the origin of the papers as presentations at Phonology 2013 held at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, and acknowledgments for help with the conference and proceedings.
Functional Constraints on Deletion of Word Final /s/ in Cuban Spanish
Authors: Terrell Tracy D.
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1975), pp. 431-437
Incorporating Grassman’s Law into Sanskrit Phonology
Authors: Hoard James E.
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1975), pp. 207-220
Making It Last: Repetition in Children’s Discourse
Authors: Keenan Elinor Ochs
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1975), pp. 279-294
Variation in the Use of ‘Front’ and ‘Back’ by Bilingual Speakers
Authors: Hall Clifford Alden
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1975), pp. 196-206
Verbal Semantics and Sentence Construction
Authors: Nichols Johanna
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1975), pp. 343-353
An Alternative to Prototype Rules
Authors: Verschueren Jef
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1976), pp. 386-395
Analytic/Synthetic and Semantics
Authors: Vandamme F. J.
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1976), pp. 375-385
Boundaries and Grassman’s Law in Sanskrit
Authors: Phelps Elaine
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1976), pp. 330-338
Etymology of Greek agalma, agall!, agallomai
Authors: Cohen Gerald L.
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1976), pp. 100-104
Push Comes to Drag: The Reflexive Replacement in English
Authors: Faltz Leonard M.
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1976), pp. 168-178
On the Differentiation of Subject and Object in Relativization: Evidence from Lushai
Authors: Hillard Edward
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1977), pp. 335-346
Some Aspects of Semantic Change in a Speech Community
Authors: Hathaway Luise Hertrich
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1977), pp. 498-505
Relativization Strategies in Wappo
Authors: Li Charles N. , Thompson Sandra A.
Published: June 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 106-113
Expanding the the notion of a tenseless language: Data from Anii
Authors: Morton Deborah C.
Published: June 2015

There has been debate in recent years regarding the analysis of ‘tenseless languages’ (languages without overt tense marking). Some scholars (cf. Matthewson 2006) argue that such languages contain phonologically null tense marking to express temporal relations, while others (cf. Bittner 2005, Tonhauser 2011) claim that temporal interpretation in such cases comes from sources other than tense marking (e.g. context, aspectual marking, and/or Aktionsarten).

 This presentation will contribute to this debate by providing and analyzing data on temporal and aspectual reference in the under-documented Kwa language Anii. This data will show that Anii is a tenseless language, though in a different way from many languages that have previously been so described.

 An overview of Anii will show that the only potential tensed clauses in the language are those with future temporal reference and those marked with the far-past marker /bʊ̀ŋà/. I argue that the apparent future/non-future distinction is actually a realis/irrealis contrast and that the far-past marker is not a tense marker, but a Temporal Remoteness Marker.
On the claim that noun complement clauses are relative clauses
Authors: De Cuba Carlos
Published: June 2015

A number of recent papers (Kayne 2008, 2010, Arsenijević 2009, Haegeman 2012, among others) have argued that so-called noun complement clauses should be analyzed as a type of relative clause. In this paper I provide evidence from a number of languages that presents some challenges to any strong claim that a relative clause strategy for noun complement clauses is universal. Evidence comes from Basque, Bulgarian, Durban Zulu, English, Finnish and Swedish, and includes data involving complementizer choice, complementizer-drop and subject agreement patterns.
Motives for Semantic Borrowing and Calquing from Old Chinese into Japanese
Authors: Zisk Matthew
Published: June 2015

This presentation examines the metalinguistic motives behind semantic borrowing and calquing from Old
Chinese into Japanese. Traditionally, semantic loans and calques are said to derive from homonymy and
synonymy between the donor and recipient languages; however, in Japanese, no homonymy and oftentimes
little synonymy are observed between the two languages. Instead, semantic loans and calques are believed to
arise from prescribed translation practices such as kundoku, the word-by-word rendering of Chinese texts into
Japanese, and kun-yomi, the ascribing of Japanese native words to Chinese characters. This practice of
prescribed translation plays a crucial role in the historical development of Japanese.
The Linguistic Status of Predictions and Feature Ranks from SVM Text Classifiers
Authors: Dunn Jonathan
Published: June 2015

Text classification systems are capable of predicting certain characteristics of a text’s author (e.g., gender and age) using only linguistic properties. This paper asks why such predictions are possible and how they can be interpreted. There are three factors: (1) the nature of the features used by the system; (2) the robustness of the predictions across time and genres; (3) the amount of data required for training and testing. Some classification predictions (e.g., gender) are based on non-content linguistic material that generalizes across time and genre. These classifications are characterized by stable performance and feature ranks, and permit linguistic interpretation.
The spread of the High toned /il/ in Seoul Korean: from ‘one’ to other meanings
Authors: Cho Sunghye
Published: June 2015

Seoul Korean is known to show a LH-LH phrasal tonal pattern in an Accentual Phrase (AP), unless an AP-initial consonant is tensed or aspirated (Jun 1993, 2000). Since an AP shows LHLH unless the phrase-initial segment is tensed or aspirated, a vowel-initial AP is expected to show LHLH. However, Jun & Cha (2011) report that an AP-initial /il/ is sometimes produced with a H tone. Their study finds that i) younger speakers aged less than the mid 40s are more likely to produce /il/ with a H tone; ii) out of three meanings of /il/, ‘one (1)’, ‘day’, and ‘work’, /il/ meaning ‘one’ is most frequently produced with a H tone; iii) the High toned /il/ seems to be a unique feature of Seoul Korean.

Since Jun & Cha (2011) is the only previous study on the phenomenon, there is still much to be learned about its development. In particular, considering that many studies on linguistic changes have shown that a linguistic change is the most advanced among adolescents (e.g., Trudgill, 1974; Labov, 2001; and among others), it is hard to fully describe a developing sound change without investigating teenagers. Thus, I examine the High toned /il/ phenomenon by conducting a production experiment with 40 speakers of Seoul Korean and I provide further evidence that the phenomenon is spread to all meanings of /il/.
Are phonological features of roots in syntax? Evidence from Guébie
Authors: Sande Hannah
Published: June 2015

Based on original field data, I demonstrate that in Guébie (Kru, Niger-Congo), third person pronouns phonologically resemble their antecedents. This system, along with other phonologically determined agreement systems, pose problems for our traditional Y-model of grammar, which assumes that phonological features are not present in the syntax (cf. DM, Marantz 1995), thus morphosyntactic processes like agreement should not be able to access phonological features.

Here I address the question of whether phonologically determined agreement systems can be modeled without requiring syntax to be sensitive to phonological features. To do this I argue that pronouns select for an NP complement (cf. Elbourne 2001), where the pronoun enters into an agree relation with its NP complement. When spelled out, the morphologically agreeing heads must be phonologically similar, and this overt agreement licenses ellipsis of the NP. 
Order in the DP! On word order and the structure of the DP
Authors: Ouwayda Sarah , Shlonsky Ur
Published: June 2015

Novel observations show Cinque’s (2005) phrasal movement proposal makes correct predictions on the grammaticality of word orders in Lebanese Arabic noun phrases. Adding an adjective yields grammatical orders Cinque (2005) cannot derive. We show that assuming an additional merge position—either for demonstratives or for numerals—derives the orders without losing Cinque’s typological predictions, and we present evidence favoring an additional numeral position.
Serialization in Complex Predicates in MalakMalak
Authors: Hoffmann Dorothea
Published: June 2015

While complex verbs are well attested in Australian languages and elsewhere, in MalakMalak two systems of multi-verb constructions combine in a typologically rare setup: First, complex predicates consist of an uninflecting open-classed coverb and an inflecting verb (IV) of a closed class of six. Second, coverbs combine in serial constructions as part of a complex predicate with up to four coverbs encoding multiple or single events. This overlap provides a unique opportunity to examine shared and distinctive features. I argue for an analysis of MalakMalak’s complex predicates’ argument structure in terms of argument unification (Bowern 2010) of coverb and IV. 
Adjective Classes and Syntactic Ordering Restrictions
Authors: McKinney-Bock Katy
Published: June 2015

I argue there are four classes of adjectives relevant to syntactic ordering: predicative/intersective, predicative/non-intersective, non-predicative, classifying (Svenonius 2008, Alexiadou et al 2007), and previous proposals have not identified the relevant semantic dimensions. Among the properties of gradability, mass/count, and intersectivity, only intersectivity is syntactically relevant. The four classes of adjectives are motivated by the distribution of ordered/non-ordered adjectives, scope effects with certain adjective-pairs, PP-modification, N-dropping and comparatives (Bouchard 2002, Higginbotham 1985, Kennedy 1999). DP structure involves 1) merging the classifying adjective with pronounced N, 2) merging intersective adjectives with N, 3) merging non-intersective adjectives with a silent copy of N.
Contact-induced spread of the rare Type 5 clitic
Authors: Nichols Johanna , David Peterson A.
Published: June 2015

Peterson 2001 shows that the Ingush (Nakh-Daghestanian; Caucasus) chaining particle is a Type 5 clitic: positioned relative to the final word in its domain, preceding that word, enclitic to the word before that. The host is the absolutive argument if there is one; otherwise the preverb; otherwise a dedicated reduplicate of the verb root. So far this remains the only firm example of a Type 5 clitic. We show that an identical construction, with a functionally identical clitic and reduplication, occurs in several nearby lanuages of the Avar-Andic branch. Diffusion, though unexpected, is the only explanation.