bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultralow Friction of ZrO2 Ball Sliding against DLC Films under Various Environments
Authors: Zeng Qunfeng , Erdemir Ali , Erylimaz Osman
Published: September 2017

Ultralow friction is achieved by ZrO2 as the friction mate material for DLC (Diamond like carbon) films under various environments. Coefficient of friction (CoF) of ZrO2/DLC films is as ultra low as 0.02 in ambient air at the temperature of 200 °C, and 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 in hydrogen, nitrogen and vacuum environments at the temperature of 100 °C, respectively. It is concluded that the transferred films are formed on the worn surface of ZrO2 ball and amorphous carbon films. Ultralow friction of the friction pair is related with hydrogen, which is derived from DLC films, hydrogen environment or the liberation hydrogen due to hydrothermal oxidation. The ultralow friction mechanism is attributed to the formation of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films on ZrO2 ball and the shielding action of hydrogen from DLC films and the transferred films simultaneously.
The Screen in Fresco Paintings: A Study of the ‘Screen-Style Frescoes’ in the Temples of Gaoping County in China
Authors: Liu Wei
Published: September 2017

Screen-style frescoes, found in the temples of Gaoping County, Shanxi Province, China, and originating mostly from the Qing Dynasty, present a unique painting form. Folk artists not only painted the screen, a common object in everyday life in ancient China, on the wall surfaces, but also created a variety of paintings inside the screen panels, whereby the viewer sees a painting within a painting. This article, based on multiple field trips, aims to analyze screen-style frescoes in terms of their locations, styles, and unique artistic characteristics such as subject matter, color usage, and brushwork. By studying the influence of literati paintings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the author also reveals the aesthetic transition from religious scenes to secular life as presented in the temple frescoes in ancient Gaoping County.
CD64: An Attractive Immunotherapeutic Target for M1-type Macrophage Mediated Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Akinrinmade Olusiji A. , Chetty Shivan , Daramola Adebukola K. , Islam Mukit-ul , Thepen Theo , Barth Stefan
Published: September 2017

To date, no curative therapy is available for the treatment of most chronic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, or autoimmune disorders. Current treatments require a lifetime supply for patients to alleviate clinical symptoms and are unable to stop the course of disease. In contrast, a new series of immunotherapeutic agents targeting the Fc γ receptor I (CD64) have emerged and demonstrated significant clinical potential to actually resolving chronic inflammation driven by M1-type dysregulated macrophages. This subpopulation plays a key role in the initiation and maintenance of a series of chronic diseases. The novel recombinant M1-specific immunotherapeutics offer the prospect of highly effective treatment strategies as they have been shown to selectively eliminate the disease-causing macrophage subpopulations. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of the data generated, together with the advantages and the clinical potential of CD64-based targeted therapies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Crystal Structure and Phase Transition of the C–H···F–H-Bonded Supramolecular Compound with 4-Nitroanilinium Based on 18-Crown-6
Authors: Zhu Chun-li , Liu Yang , Wang Kun , Chen Yuan , Liu Zun-qi
Published: September 2017

A novel inorganic-organic hybrid supramolecular macrocyclic compound, (4-nitroanilinium)(18-crown-6)(PF6)(1), was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal 1 is found to comprise 1D C–H···F–P hydrogen-bonded chains of (4-nitroanilinium+)(18-crown-6) supramolecular cations and PF6− anions. DSC measurements confirm that 1 undergoes a reversible phase transition at 255 K with a hysteresis width of 6 K. A strong dielectric response is observed above 250 K at a low frequency (500 Hz), suggesting the occurrence of proton transfer in the C–H···F–P hydrogen bonds. A precise analysis on the main packing and structural differences, as well as the changes in the intermolecular interaction between the low- and high-temperature phases, reveals that C–H···F–P hydrogen bonds are the main factors affecting phase transition and dielectric behavior.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Luminescence, Electrochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Bis(salamo)-Based Co(II) Complex
Authors: Wang Li , Hao Jing , Zhai Li-Xiang , Zhang Yang , Dong Wen-Kui
Published: September 2017

A newly designed Co(II) complex, [Co3(L)(OAc)2(CH3OH)2]·CH3OH, by the reaction of a bis(salamo)-type tetraoxime ligand (H4L) with Co(II) acetate tetrahydrate was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-vis spectra and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The UV-vis titration experiment manifested that a trinuclear (L:M = 1:3) complex was formed. It is worth noting that the two terminal Co(II) (Co1 and Co3) atoms of the Co(II) complex have different coordination modes and geometries unreported earlier. Furthermore, through intermolecular interactions (C–H···O, C–H···π and O–H···O), a 2D layer-like network is constructed. In addition, the fluorescence behaviors, antimicrobial activities and electrochemical properties of H4L and its Co(II) complex were investigated.
Therapeutic Implications of Autophagy Inducers in Immunological Disorders, Infection, and Cancer
Authors: Byun Sanguine , Lee Eunjung , Lee Ki Won
Published: September 2017

Autophagy is an essential catabolic program that forms part of the stress response and enables cells to break down their own intracellular components within lysosomes for recycling. Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy plays vital roles in determining pathological outcomes of immune responses and tumorigenesis. Autophagy regulates innate and adaptive immunity affecting the pathologies of infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. In cancer, autophagy appears to play distinct roles depending on the context of the malignancy by either promoting or suppressing key determinants of cancer cell survival. This review covers recent developments in the understanding of autophagy and discusses potential therapeutic interventions that may alter the outcomes of certain diseases.
Laser Indirect Shock Welding of Fine Wire to Metal Sheet
Authors: Wang Xiao , Huang Tao , Luo Yapeng , Liu Huixia
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this paper is to present an advanced method for welding fine wire to metal sheet, namely laser indirect shock welding (LISW). This process uses silica gel as driver sheet to accelerate the metal sheet toward the wire to obtain metallurgical bonding. A series of experiments were implemented to validate the welding ability of Al sheet/Cu wire and Al sheet/Ag wire. It was found that the use of a driver sheet can maintain high surface quality of the metal sheet. With the increase of laser pulse energy, the bonding area of the sheet/wire increased and the welding interfaces were nearly flat. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results show that the intermetallic phases were absent and a short element diffusion layer which would limit the formation of the intermetallic phases emerging at the welding interface. A tensile shear test was used to measure the mechanical strength of the welding joints. The influence of laser pulse energy on the tensile failure modes was investigated, and two failure modes, including interfacial failure and failure through the wire, were observed. The nanoindentation test results indicate that as the distance to the welding interface decreased, the microhardness increased due to the plastic deformation becoming more violent.
Wet-Chemical Synthesis of 3D Stacked Thin Film Metal-Oxides for All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Van den Ham Evert , Maino Giulia , Bonneux Gilles , Marchal Wouter , Elen Ken , Gielis Sven , Mattelaer Felix , Detavernier Christophe , Notten Peter , Van Bael Marlies , Hardy An
Published: September 2017

By ultrasonic spray deposition of precursors, conformal deposition on 3D surfaces of tungsten oxide (WO3) negative electrode and amorphous lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LLT) solid-electrolyte has been achieved as well as an all-solid-state half-cell. Electrochemical activity was achieved of the WO3 layers, annealed at temperatures of 500 °C. Galvanostatic measurements show a volumetric capacity (415 mAh·cm−3) of the deposited electrode material. In addition, electrochemical activity was shown for half-cells, created by coating WO3 with LLT as the solid-state electrolyte. The electron blocking properties of the LLT solid-electrolyte was shown by ferrocene reduction. 3D depositions were done on various micro-sized Si template structures, showing fully covering coatings of both WO3 and LLT. Finally, the thermal budget required for WO3 layer deposition was minimized, which enabled attaining active WO3 on 3D TiN/Si micro-cylinders. A 2.6-fold capacity increase for the 3D-structured WO3 was shown, with the same current density per coated area.
Recent Developments of Graphene Oxide-Based Membranes: A Review
Authors: Ma Jinxia , Ping Dan , Dong Xinfa
Published: September 2017

Membrane-based separation technology has attracted great interest in many separation fields due to its advantages of easy-operation, energy-efficiency, easy scale-up, and environmental friendliness. The development of novel membrane materials and membrane structures is an urgent demand to promote membrane-based separation technology. Graphene oxide (GO), as an emerging star nano-building material, has showed great potential in the membrane-based separation field. In this review paper, the latest research progress in GO-based membranes focused on adjusting membrane structure and enhancing their mechanical strength as well as structural stability in aqueous environment is highlighted and discussed in detail. First, we briefly reviewed the preparation and characterization of GO. Then, the preparation method, characterization, and type of GO-based membrane are summarized. Finally, the advancements of GO-based membrane in adjusting membrane structure and enhancing their mechanical strength, as well as structural stability in aqueous environment, are particularly discussed. This review hopefully provides a new avenue for the innovative developments of GO-based membrane in various membrane applications.
Mushy Zone Morphology Calculation with Application of CALPHAD Technique
Authors: Mikolajczak Piotr , Genau Amber , Ratke Lorenz
Published: September 2017

Mushy zone morphology in AlSiMn alloys was studied using directional solidification, and the CALPHAD (Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry) technique was applied for thermodynamic calculations. The specimens solidified with forced convection presented segregation across the sample diameter, and the measured compositions were located on the Al-Si-Mn phase diagram. Scheil-Gulliver calculations for measured compositions were used to determine various solidification paths that may occur in specimens. Property diagrams and solidification paths presented the segregation effect on the characteristic temperatures, mushy zone length and the sequence of occurring phases whilst 2D maps enabled visualization of the mushy zone during directional solidification. Melt stirring was found to change solidification range, as well as mushy zone length and shape, and the dendrite tips formed a rough profile across the specimens. The study revealed mushy zones with dense dendritic structure and liquid channels empty of Mn phases, where intermetallics had no possibility to flow in the liquid, whilst in other samples with channels filled with Al15Si2Mn4, Mn-precipitates also flowed above the α-Al. The melt flow may lead to a mainly dendritic mushy zone or to a mushy zone with dendrites reaching only lower half of mushy length with intermetallics forming and freely flowing above dendrites in the liquid upper half.
The Anti-Proliferation Activity and Mechanism of Action of K12[V18O42(H2O)]∙6H2O on Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Qi Wen , Zhang Boyu , Qi Yanfei , Guo Shuanli , Tian Rui , Sun Jiaheng , Zhao Mingming
Published: September 2017

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are inorganic clusters that possess potential anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-tumor activities. Herein, the in vitro anti-proliferation activities of K12[V18O42(H2O)]∙6H2O (V18) have been investigated on the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The results indicated that V18 could inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 (IC50, 11.95 μM at 48 h) in a dose-dependent manner compared to the positive control, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu, p < 0.05). The anti-proliferation activity of V18 might be mediated by arrest of the MCF-7 cells in the G2/M phase and induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, V18 can effectively quench the fluorescence of ctDNA. The binding mode between them may be groove or outside stacking binding. V18 can also effectively quench the intrinsic fluorescence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) via static quenching, and changed the conformation of BSA and HSA.
Skin Penetration Enhancement by Natural Oils for Dihydroquercetin Delivery
Authors: Čižinauskas Vytis , Elie Nicolas , Brunelle Alain , Briedis Vitalis
Published: September 2017

Natural oils are commonly used in topical pharmaceutical formulations as emulsifiers, stabilizers or solubility enhancers. They are presented as safe and inert components, mainly used for formulation purposes. It is confirmed that natural oils can affect the skin penetration of various substances. Fatty acids are mainly responsible for this effect. Current understanding lacks reliable scientific data on penetration of natural oils into the skin and their skin penetration enhancement potential. In the current study, fatty acid content analysis was used to determine the principal fatty acids in soybean, olive, avocado, sea-buckthorn pulp, raspberry seed and coconut oils. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry bioimaging was used to determine the distribution of these fatty acids in human skin ex vivo after application of the oils. Skin penetration enhancement ratios were determined for a perspective antioxidant compound dihydroquercetin. The results demonstrated skin penetration of fatty acids from all oils tested. Only soybean and olive oils significantly increased the skin distribution of dihydroquercetin and can be used as skin penetration enhancers. However, no correlation can be determined between the fatty acids’ composition and skin penetration enhancement using currently available methodological approaches. This indicates that potential chemical penetration enhancement should be evaluated during formulation of topically applied products containing natural oils.
A Cointegrated Regime-Switching Model Approach with Jumps Applied to Natural Gas Futures Prices
Authors: Leonhardt Daniel , Ware Antony , Zagst Rudi
Published: September 2017

Energy commodities and their futures naturally show cointegrated price movements. However, there is empirical evidence that the prices of futures with different maturities might have, e.g., different jump behaviours in different market situations. Observing commodity futures over time, there is also evidence for different states of the underlying volatility of the futures. In this paper, we therefore allow for cointegration of the term structure within a multi-factor model, which includes seasonality, as well as joint and individual jumps in the price processes of futures with different maturities. The seasonality in this model is realized via a deterministic function, and the jumps are represented with thinned-out compound Poisson processes. The model also includes a regime-switching approach that is modelled through a Markov chain and extends the class of geometric models. We show how the model can be calibrated to empirical data and give some practical applications.
Silicon Nitride Photonic Integration Platforms for Visible, Near-Infrared and Mid-Infrared Applications
Authors: Muñoz Pascual , Micó Gloria , Bru Luis , Pastor Daniel , Pérez Daniel , Doménech José , Fernández Juan , Baños Rocío , Gargallo Bernardo , Alemany Rubén , Sánchez Ana , Cirera Josep , Mas Roser , Domínguez Carlos
Published: September 2017

Silicon nitride photonics is on the rise owing to the broadband nature of the material, allowing applications of biophotonics, tele/datacom, optical signal processing and sensing, from visible, through near to mid-infrared wavelengths. In this paper, a review of the state of the art of silicon nitride strip waveguide platforms is provided, alongside the experimental results on the development of a versatile 300 nm guiding film height silicon nitride platform.
The Cholangiocyte Adenosine‐IL-6 Axis Regulates Survival During Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: Lavoie Elise G. , Fausther Michel , Goree Jessica R. , Dranoff Jonathan A.
Published: September 2017

Epithelial response to injury is critical to the pathogenesis of biliary cirrhosis, and IL-6 has been suggested as a mediator of this phenomenon. Several liver cell types can secrete IL-6 following activation by various signaling molecules including circulating adenosine. The aims of this study were to assess whether adenosine can induce IL-6 secretion by cholangiocytes via the A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR) and to determine the effect of A2bAR-sensitive IL-6 release on injury response in biliary cirrhosis. Human normal cholangiocyte H69 cells were used for in vitro studies to determine the mechanism by which adenosine and the A2bAR induce release of IL-6. In vivo, control and A2bAR-deficient mice were used to determine the roles of A2bAR-sensitive IL-6 release in biliary cirrhosis induced by common bile duct ligation (BDL). Additionally, the response to exogenous IL-6 was assessed in C57BL/6 and A2bAR-deficient mice. Adenosine induced IL-6 mRNA expression and protein secretion via A2bAR activation. Although activation of A2bAR induced cAMP and intracellular Ca2+signals, only the Ca2+signals were linked to IL-6 upregulation. After BDL, A2bAR-deficient mice have impaired survival, which is further impaired by exogenous IL-6; however, decreased survival is not due to changes in fibrosis and no changes in inflammatory cells. Exogenous IL-6 is associated with the increased presence of bile infarcts. Extracellular adenosine induces cholangiocyte IL-6 release via the A2bAR. This signaling pathway is important in the pathogenesis of injury response in biliary cirrhosis but does not alter fibrosis. Adenosine upregulates IL-6 release by cholangiocytes via the A2bAR in a calcium-sensitive fashion. Mice deficient in A2bAR experience impaired survival after biliary cirrhosis induced by common bile duct ligation independent of changes in fibrosis.
On the Prospects of Gamma-Ray Burst Detection in the TeV Band
Authors: Vurm Indrek , Beloborodov Andrei M.
Published: September 2017

A gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet running into an external medium is expected to generate luminous GeV–TeV emission lasting from minutes to several hours. The high-energy emission results from inverse Compton upscattering of prompt and afterglow photons by shock-heated thermal plasma. At its peak the high-energy radiation carries a significant fraction of the power dissipated at the forward shock. We discuss in detail the expected TeV luminosity, using a robust “minimal” emission model. Then, using the statistical properties of the GRB population (luminosity function, redshift distribution, afterglow energy), we simulate the expected detection rates of GRBs by current and upcoming atmospheric Cherenkov instruments. We find that GRBs exploding into a low-density interstellar medium must produce TeV emission that would have already been detected by the currently operating Cherenkov telescopes. The absence of detections is consistent with explosions into a dense wind of the GRB progenitor. If, as suggested by the recent analysis of Fermi LAT data, the typical environment of long GRBs is a Wolf–Rayet progenitor wind with the density parameter

g cm−1, then 10%–20% of the bursts that trigger the space-borne detectors should also be detectable by the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) under favorable observing conditions. Since absorption by the extragalactic background light limits the detectability above 0.1 TeV for all but the most nearby bursts (

), the reduced energy threshold of CTA is the key improvement over current instruments, which should increase the number of detectable bursts by at least a factor of 3 compared with currently operating facilities.
Emergence of Magnetic Flux Generated in a Solar Convective Dynamo. I. The Formation of Sunspots and Active Regions, and The Origin of Their Asymmetries
Authors: Chen Feng , Rempel Matthias , Fan Yuhong
Published: September 2017

We present a realistic numerical model of sunspot and active region formation based on the emergence of flux bundles generated in a solar convective dynamo. To this end, we use the magnetic and velocity fields in a horizontal layer near the top boundary of the solar convective dynamo simulation to drive realistic radiative-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the uppermost layers of the convection zone. The main results are as follows. (1) The emerging flux bundles rise with the mean speed of convective upflows and fragment into small-scale magnetic elements that further rise to the photosphere, where bipolar sunspot pairs are formed through the coalescence of the small-scale magnetic elements. (2) Filamentary penumbral structures form when the sunspot is still growing through ongoing flux emergence. In contrast to the classical Evershed effect, the inflow seems to prevail over the outflow in a large part of the penumbra. (3) A well-formed sunspot is a mostly monolithic magnetic structure that is anchored in a persistent deep-seated downdraft lane. The flow field outside the spot shows a giant vortex ring that comprises an inflow below 15 Mm depth and an outflow above 15 Mm depth. (4) The sunspots successfully reproduce the fundamental properties of the observed solar active regions, including the more coherent leading spots with a stronger field strength, and the correct tilts of bipolar sunspot pairs. These asymmetries can be linked to the intrinsic asymmetries in the magnetic and flow fields adapted from the convective dynamo simulation.
« Nous avons la responsabilité de nous engager ! »
Authors: Brac de La Perrière Louis
Published: September 2017

Louis Brac de La Perrière est étudiant en 4 ème année à la Faculté de Lyon Est et membre du Centre Laennec Lyon. En 2012, avec un petit groupe d’amis, il a lancé une association humanitaire « Terre Solidaire », qui fédère jusqu’à ce jour des projets dans son lycée d’origine, Notre-Dame de Bellegarde, comme au Centre Laennec Lyon. Tous les ans, des étudiants du Centre et d’ailleurs partent au Togo avec cette association pour mener des projets humanitaires. Dans cette interview, il partage son aventure et élargit son regard à l’engagement humanitaire et sur les liens qu’il fait avec sa vie d’externe. Propos recueillis et mis en forme par Gonzague Lalanne-Berdouticq, sj, formateur au Centre Laennec Lyon.
Vers une définition de la transparence perçue de la relation client sur les canaux digitaux
Authors: Portes Audrey , Cases Anne-Sophie , N’Goala Gilles
Published: September 2017

Cette recherche propose de définir le concept de transparence perçue des pratiques relationnelles sur les canaux digitaux. Un état de l’art sur le concept a été mené et complété par une étude qualitative exploratoire en deux temps afin de mieux comprendre la transparence transmise et applicable par les entreprises et la transparence perçue et attendue par les utilisateurs. Des entretiens ont été menés avec des managers et fondateurs d’entreprises, puis, des entretiens d’utilisateurs ont été réalisés. L’analyse de contenu a permis de spécifier les sous-dimensions de la transparence et d’en déduire les pratiques attendues par les utilisateurs et celles envisagées ou mises en place par les entreprises.
L’image de marque employeur perçue par les salariés. Récits de l’expérience de travail
Authors: Leconte Mélodie
Published: September 2017

Alors que la perception de l’image de marque employeur se fait au prisme de l’expérience de travail (Pezet et al. , 2013), les recherches se sont essentiellement portées sur l’image perçue par les candidats ou sur les écarts de perception de cette image avant et après le recrutement délaissant ainsi l’expérience de travail. Dès lors, cette recherche se propose de comprendre au travers de 12 récits de vie, ce qu’est une expérience de travail et ce qu’elle nous dit de la perception de l’image de marque employeur interne. Nous mobilisons la conception pragmatiste de l’expérience. Nos résultats nous permettent de proposer une nouvelle acception de la notion d’expérience en RH et de montrer que la perception de l’image de marque employeur interne se manifeste autour de 4 dimensions.
Un monde à (re)trouver ? Essai en faveur d’une cité verte
Authors: Rougemont Héloïse
Published: September 2017

Built in 1991, the theoretical framework of Boltanski and Thévenot has often been considered as heteronomous, unconcerned about current sociological issues or at worst useless to understand those phenomena it aspires to. Nevertheless, it still remains an effective tool to understand how things, human beings, (inter)actions get organized. By means of the construction of a new “city” (a main political and philosophical logic), this text defends this postulate. He demonstrates that the grammar of justification allows to analyze current problems and federate environmental claims and actions undertaken too often outside the box.
Futuros sociales en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Ramos Torre Ramón
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se reconstruye selectivamente la sociología del futuro de los últimos cincuenta años para rescatar algunos de sus elementos y construir una analítica y una problemática del futuro en tiempos de crisis. En su marco se reconstruye la evidencia empírica sobre el futuro social proporcionada por nueve grupos de discusión realizados en el marco de una investigación sociológica sobre el riesgo, la incertidumbre y la vulnerabilidad.
Predicciones y percepción de riesgo social. Los pronósticos fallidos sobre la crisis de las pensiones públicas españolas
Authors: Francescutti Pablo
Published: September 2017

El debate en España sobre la viabilidad del Estado de Bienestar tiene entre sus principales ingredientes a las recurrentes predicciones catastrofistas sobre las pensiones públicas. En este artículo se analiza una serie de vaticinios formulados a mediados de los años ‘90. El cumplimiento de los plazos previstos en sus pronósticos permite cotejar retrospectivamente su grado de cumplimiento y la dimensión real del riesgo imputado a esa forma de seguro colectivo con la evolución histórica de las cuentas del sistema de pensiones. El análisis de su metodología, sus objetivos, sus recomendaciones y los intereses de sus patrocinadores ilumina su contribución a la percepción del riesgo de colapso de la Seguridad Social, sus posibles efectos reflexivos, así como la incidencia de las predicciones en la definición de los riesgos sociales.
Johan G. Herder: perfil intelectual de un ilustrado radical
Authors: Díez Álvarez Luis Gonzalo
Published: September 2017

Los orígenes intelectuales del nacionalismo y de su idea de cultura hallan en la obra del pensador alemán Johann G. Herder (1744-1803) una referencia ineludible. Herder propuso una versión de la Ilustración contraria a la oficial, crítica con las políticas del reformismo burocrático del absolutismo y con el racionalismo filosófico kantiano. La versión de la Ilustración de Herder participa de un sentido de la historia abierto a la diversidad cultural. La lengua y la cultura emergen del planteamiento de Herder como las cifras de un mundo popular utópicamente imaginado de espaldas a la lógica del poder monárquico y aristocrático. La idea nacionalista de cultura elaborada por el pensador alemán nos obliga a reconsiderar, de una manera crítica, los orígenes románticos del nacionalismo.
Lo sublime en el paisaje antrópico a través de la fotografía actual
Authors: Blanco Arroyo María Antonia
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se desarrolla un análisis conceptual de lo sublime, acaparando el paisaje antrópico como campo de actuación, y ambas proyecciones se inscriben dentro de la disciplina de la fotografía. Así pues, se plantea un recorrido narrativo a través de la creación fotográfica de las últimas décadas, para abordar la naturaleza sublime y lo sublime industrial en la actualidad. Las constantes conceptuales advertidas en los diversos discursos artísticos marcan la línea argumental de este artículo, para establecer un marco teórico en torno a la existencia humana en el paisaje post-industrial que nos acontece. La selección de artistas incluidos, constituye un hilo conductor clave sobre el que examinar la evolución y transformación de conceptos universales presentes en el contexto paisajístico actual; algo que nos proporciona una conceptualización actualizada sobre la relación del ser humano con su entorno alterado.
Heuristic Coupling Design-Optimization between a Variable Speed Generator and a Wind Rotor
Authors: Khelifi Cherif , Ferroudji Fateh , Meguellati Farouk , Koussa Khaled
Published: September 2017

A high emergence of wind energy into the electricity market needs a parallel efficient advance of wind power forecasting models. Determining optimal specific speed and drive-train ratio is crucial to describe, comprehend and optimize the coupling design between a wind turbine-rotor and an electric generator (EG) to capture maximum output power from the wind. The selection of the specific design speed to drive a generator is limited. It varies from (1-4) for vertical axis wind turbines and (6-8) for horizontal axis wind turbines. Typically, the solution is an iterative procedure, for selecting the adequate multiplier ratio giving the output power curve. The latter must be relatively appreciated to inlet and nominal rated wind speeds. However, instead of this tedious and costly method, in the present paper we are developing a novel heuristic coupling approach, which is economical, easy to describe and applicable for all types of variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs). The principle method is based on the fact that the mechanical power needed of the wind turbine (WT) to drive the EG must be permanently closer to the maximum mechanical power generated by the (WT).
Chemical Composition and Physical Characteristics of Rice Husk Ash Blended Cement
Authors: Raheem Akeem Ayinde , Kareem Mutiu A.
Published: September 2017

Applications of agricultural by-product as substitute for non-renewable material in cement production are desirable in stimulating socio-economic development. In this study, Rice Husk Ash (RHA) blended cement was produced by replacing 5%, 7%, 11.25%, 15%, 20.25% and 25% by weight of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) clinker with RHA. The cement without RHA serves as the control. The chemical compositions of RHA, OPC-clinker and the blended cements were determined using X-ray fluorescence analyzer. The physical characteristics of RHA blended cements that were considered are fineness, soundness, consistency, initial and final setting times and compressive strength at 2, 7, 28, 56 and 90 curing ages. The results showed that RHA is a suitable material for use as a pozzolan as it satisfied the minimum requirement by having the sum of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 of more than 70%. Incorporation of RHA led to an increase in the composition of SiO2 and reduction in that of CaO. An increase in RHA content showed a decrease in compressive strength at early ages and slightly increase at a later age (90 days). The blended cement produced with lower levels of RHA replacement conforms to standard specifications specified in BS EN 197-1:2000, NIS 439:2000 and ASTM C 150-02. The minimum Strength Activated Index (SAI) of 75% at the age of 28 days of curing as specified by ASTM C 618 was satisfied by RHA replacement of up to 15%. It was concluded that blended cement with the maximum of 15% RHA content is suitable for use for structural purposes.
Treatment of Borehole Water Using Moringa oleifera Seed and Activated Carbon
Authors: Olugbade Ebenezer Ajibola , Ojesola Folorunso Fisola , Giwa Abdulwahab
Published: September 2017

The quality and accessibility of drinking water are of paramount importance to human health. Drinking water may contain disease causing agents and toxic chemicals, and to control the risks to public health, systematic water quality monitoring and surveillance are required. Thousands of chemicals have been identified in drinking water supplies around the world and are considered potentially hazardous to human health at relatively high concentrations. Heavy metals are the most harmful of the chemical pollutants and are of concern due to their toxicities to humans. Moringa oleifera seed acts as a natural coagulant, adsorbent and antimicrobial agent while commercial activated carbon is known for its excellent heavy metal removal. It is believed that Moringa oleifera seed is an organic natural polymer. This work has been carried out to analyse the removal of some heavy metals (lead, nickel, iron, and zinc) from borehole water using moringa seed powder, activated carbon and a combination of the two adsorbents. The results obtained showed that Moringa oleifera is environmentally friendly and suitable for water treatment containing undesirable heavy metals. It was also discovered that all the adsorbents were able to completely remove the lead metal in the water. Furthermore, within the adsorbent dosage limit investigated, only activated carbon could remove all the zinc present in the water. However, there was an indication that higher dosage of the coagulants would be able to remove higher percentage of the other metals. It was also found that, in some cases, an increase in the dosage of some adsorbents led to decrease in the percentage removal of some metals. This was observed to be an indication that there could be the need to take note of the optimum dosages of the adsorbents that need to be used in treating any water. The good performances displayed by these local adsorbents have shown that they could effectively replace the chemicals that have been found to have links with some health problems in human.
Optimization of Drying Parameters of Moringa Seeds in a Tray Dryer Using Box-Behnken Technique of RSM
Authors: Omofoyewa Mufliah Gbemisola , Popoola Lekan Taofeek , Giwa Abdulwahab
Published: September 2017

Moringa oleifera seeds, being good sources of valuable nutrients, contain appreciable amounts of crude fat, crude fibre, carbohydrate, crude protein, moisture and ash. The seeds contribute significantly to the nutrient requirements and health management of man and should be recommended in diets. So, efforts need to be made to make the seeds be well preserved while still retaining the nutrients contained in them. In an attempt to contribute to that, this research work has been carried out to obtain the optimum values of the parameters required to appropriately make the seeds be dried without much loss in the nutrients. The optimization of the drying parameters has been carried out, in this work, using Box–Behnken design technique of response surface methodology. The technique was used to design a set of 13 experiments that were carried out. The input factors considered were contact time, temperature and fan speed while the response (output) chosen was the residual moisture content of the seeds. A model of the system was formulated and optimized. The results obtained revealed that temperature, contact time and fan speed were affecting the drying of the seeds. Also, a very good agreement given by the comparison of the experimental and the simulated residual moisture content of the seeds showed that the developed model could represent the system very well. Furthermore, the results of the optimization revealed that moringa seeds having a residual moisture content of a value as low as approximately 9.28% could be obtained using the optimum values of drying temperature, contact time and fan speed that were estimated, through the use of a statistical program known as Design Expert, to be 49.40 °C, 90.45 min and 2.5 m/sec, respectively.
Loss of Circulating Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Common Variable Immunodeficiency Is Associated with Immune Activation and Loss of Eomes and PLZF
Authors: Paquin-Proulx Dominic , Santos Bianca A N , Barsotti Nathália Silveira , Marinho Ana Karolina B B , Kokron Cristina M , Carvalho Karina I , Barros Myrthes T , Kalil Jorge , Elmacken Mona , Sandberg Johan K , Kallas Esper G , Nixon Douglas F
Published: September 2017

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by low levels of Igs leading to increased risk of infections. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a recently identified population of innate T cells with potent antibacterial activity. We hypothesized that CVID is associated with alterations in MAIT cells. Cryopreserved PBMC from CVID patients and healthy controls were used to study the frequency, phenotype, and response to Escherichia coli stimulation of MAIT cells by flow cytometry. MAIT cell frequency and absolute counts were depressed in CVID. Residual MAIT presented elevated coexpression of CD38 and HLA-DR, and reduced expression of CCR6, whereas levels of CD127 (IL-7 receptor) were unchanged. CVID patients also had an accumulation of MAIT cells lacking the critical transcription factors eomesodermin and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein. MAIT cell frequency was inversely associated with levels of soluble CD14, with coexpression of CD38 and HLA-DR, and accumulation of MAIT cells lacking eomesodermin or promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein expression. None of these changes were normalized by IgG replacement therapy. Finally, MAIT cells from CVID patients displayed poor IFN-γ responses to E. coli stimulation, in part due to defective Ag presentation, and these responses were increased by pretreatment with IL-7. Defective MAIT cell response may contribute to the increased incidence of microbial infections seen in CVID patients on IgG replacement therapy.
IL-4/IL-13 Signaling Inhibits the Potential of Early Thymic Progenitors To Commit to the T Cell Lineage
Authors: Barik Subhasis , Miller Mindy M. , Cattin-Roy Alexis N. , Ukah Tobechukwu K. , Chen Weirong , Zaghouani Habib
Published: September 2017

Early thymic progenitors (ETPs) are endowed with diverse potencies and can give rise to myeloid and lymphoid lineage progenitors. How the thymic environment guides ETP commitment and maturation toward a specific lineage remains obscure. We have previously shown that ETPs expressing the heteroreceptor (HR) comprising IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1 give rise to myeloid cells but not T cells. In this article, we show that signaling through the HR inhibits ETP maturation to the T cell lineage but enacts commitment toward the myeloid cells. Indeed, HR+ ETPs, but not HR− ETPs, exhibit activated STAT6 transcription factor, which parallels with downregulation of Notch1, a critical factor for T cell development. Meanwhile, the myeloid-specific transcription factor C/EBPα, usually under the control of Notch1, is upregulated. Furthermore, in vivo inhibition of STAT6 phosphorylation restores Notch1 expression in HR+ ETPs, which regain T lineage potential. In addition, upon stimulation with IL-4 or IL-13, HR− ETPs expressing virally transduced HR also exhibit STAT6 phosphorylation and downregulation of Notch1, leading to inhibition of lymphoid, but not myeloid, lineage potential. These observations indicate that environmental cytokines play a role in conditioning ETP lineage choice, which would impact T cell development.
Evaluation Algorithm of PHT-Spline Surfaces
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Chen Falai , Deng Jiansong
Published: September 2017

PHT-splines are a type of polynomial splines over hierarchical T-meshes which posses perfect local refinement property. This property makes PHT-splines useful in geometric modeling and iso-geometric analysis. Current implementation of PHT-splines stores the basis functions in Bézier forms, which saves some computational costs but consumes a lot of memories. In this paper, we propose a de Boor like algorithm to evaluate PHT-splines provided that only the information about the control coefficients and the hierarchical mesh structure is given. The basic idea is to represent a PHT-spline locally in a tensor product B-spline, and then apply the de-Boor algorithm to evaluate the PHT-spline at a certain parameter pair. We perform analysis about computational complexity and memory costs. The results show that our algorithm takes about the same order of computational costs while requires much less amount of memory compared with the Bézier representations. We give an example to illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Anisotropic Mesh Adaptation for 3D Anisotropic Diffusion Problems with Application to Fractured Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Li Xianping , Huang Weizhang
Published: September 2017

Anisotropic mesh adaptation is studied for linear finite element solution of 3D anisotropic diffusion problems. The 𝕄-uniform mesh approach is used, where an anisotropic adaptive mesh is generated as a uniform one in the metric specified by a tensor. In addition to mesh adaptation, preservation of the maximum principle is also studied. Some new sufficient conditions for maximum principle preservation are developed, and a mesh quality measure is defined to server as a good indicator. Four different metric tensors are investigated: one is the identity matrix, one focuses on minimizing an error bound, another one on preservation of the maximum principle, while the fourth combines both. Numerical examples show that these metric tensors serve their purposes. Particularly, the fourth leads to meshes that improve the satisfaction of the maximum principle by the finite element solution while concentrating elements in regions where the error is large. Application of the anisotropic mesh adaptation to fractured reservoir simulation in petroleum engineering is also investigated, where unphysical solutions can occur and mesh adaptation can help improving the satisfaction of the maximum principle.
Buts et méthodes de l’échantillonnage
Authors: Augustin Jean-Christophe
Published: September 2017

L’objectif du contrôle par échantillonnage de produits ou de procédés est de vérifier leur conformité à des exigences de qualité. Ce contrôle statistique fait appel à des outils techniques - plans d’échantillonnage et cartes de contrôle - qui ne sont pertinents que si l’on a auparavant clairement défini le niveau de maîtrise que le contrôle doit permettre d’assurer.
Enzootic Circulation of Chikungunya Virus in East Africa: Serological Evidence in Non-human Kenyan Primates
Authors: Eastwood Gillian , Sang Rosemary C. , Guerbois Matilde , Taracha Evans L. N. , Weaver Scott C.
Published: September 2017

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a globally emerging pathogen causing debilitating arthralgia and fever in humans. First identified in Tanzania (1953), this mosquito-borne alphavirus received little further attention until a 2004 re-emergence in Kenya from an unknown source. This outbreak subsequently spread to the Indian Ocean, with adaptation for transmission by a new urban vector. Under the hypothesis that sylvatic progenitor cycles of CHIKV exist in Kenya (as reported in West Africa, between non-human primates (NHPs) and arboreal Aedes spp. mosquitoes), we pursued evidence of enzootic transmission and human spillover events. We initially screened 252 archived NHP sera from Kenya using plaque reduction neutralization tests. Given an overall CHIKV seroprevalence of 13.1% (marginally higher in western Kenya), we sought more recent NHP samples during 2014 from sites in Kakamega County, sampling wild blue monkeys, olive baboons, and red-tailed monkeys (N = 33). We also sampled 34 yellow baboons near Kwale, coastal Kenya. Overall, CHIKV seropositivity in 2014 was 13.4% (9/67). Antibodies reactive against closely related o’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) occurred; however, neutralization titers were too low to conclude ONNV exposure. Seroprevalence for the flavivirus dengue was also detected (28%), mostly near Kwale, suggesting possible spillback from humans to baboons. CHIKV antibodies in some juvenile and subadult NHPs suggested recent circulation. We conclude that CHIKV is circulating in western Kenya, despite the 2004 human outbreaks only being reported coastally. Further work to understand the enzootic ecology of CHIKV in east Africa is needed to identify sites of human spillover contact where urban transmission may be initiated.
Bulgarian Geomagnetic Reference Field (BulGRF) for 2015.0 and secular variation prediction model up to 2020
Authors: Metodiev Metodi , Trifonova Petya
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The Bulgarian Geomagnetic Reference Field (BulGRF) for 2015.0 epoch and its secular variation model prediction up to 2020.0 is produced and presented in this paper. The main field model is based on the well-known polynomial approximation in latitude and longitude of the geomagnetic field elements. The challenge in our modelling strategy was to update the absolute field geomagnetic data from 1980.0 up to 2015.0 using secular measurements unevenly distributed in time and space. As a result, our model gives a set of six coefficients for the horizontal H, vertical Z, total field F, and declination D elements of the geomagnetic field. The extrapolation of BulGRF to 2020 is based on an autoregressive forecasting of the Panagyurishte observatory annual means. Comparison of the field values predicted by the model with Panagyurishte (PAG) observatory annual mean data and two vector field measurements performed in 2015 shows a close match with IGRF-12 values and some difference with the real (measured) values, which is probably due to the influence of crustal sources. BulGRF proves to be a reliable alternative to the global geomagnetic field models which together with its simplicity makes it a useful tool for reducing magnetic surveys to a common epoch carried out over the Bulgarian territory up to 2020.
Dynamic response of an Arctic epishelf lake to seasonal and long-term forcing: implications for ice shelf thickness
Authors: Hamilton Andrew K. , Laval Bernard E. , Mueller Derek R. , Vincent Warwick F. , Copland Luke
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Changes in the depth of the freshwater–seawater interface in epishelf lakes have been used to infer long-term changes in the minimum thickness of ice shelves; however, little is known about the dynamics of epishelf lakes and what other factors may influence their depth. Continuous observations collected between 2011 and 2014 in the Milne Fiord epishelf lake, in the Canadian Arctic, showed that the depth of the halocline varied seasonally by up to 3.3 m, which was comparable to interannual variability. The seasonal depth variation was controlled by the magnitude of surface meltwater inflow and the hydraulics of the inferred outflow pathway, a narrow basal channel in the Milne Ice Shelf. When seasonal variation and an episodic mixing of the halocline were accounted for, long-term records of depth indicated there was no significant change in thickness of ice along the basal channel from 1983 to 2004, followed by a period of steady thinning at 0.50 m a−1 between 2004 and 2011. Rapid thinning at 1.15 m a−1 then occurred from 2011 to 2014, corresponding to a period of warming regional air temperatures. Continued warming is expected to lead to the breakup of the ice shelf and the imminent loss of the last known epishelf lake in the Arctic.