bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a One-Year-Old Girl Diagnosed with JAK2-V617F Mutation Positive Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
Authors: Woods Gary M. , Bajwa Rajinder P. S. , Kahwash Samir B. , Guinipero Terri
Published: March 2014

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of clonal disorders characterized by hyperproliferation of hematologic cell lines and have been associated with tyrosine kinase JAK2-V617F mutations. Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) is a known complication of JAK2-V617F+ MPNs and bears a poor prognosis. Although the evolution of a JAK2-V617F+ MPN to a mixed-lineage leukemia has been reported in the pediatric population, no evolutions into sAML have been described. We present a case of a one-year-old girl diagnosed with JAK2-V617F+ MPN with evolution into sAML. Despite initial morphologic remission, she eventually relapsed and succumbed to her disease.
Variational Iteration Method for a Fractional-Order Brusselator System
Authors: Jafari H. , Kadem Abdelouahab , Baleanu D.
Published: March 2014

This paper presents approximate analytical solutions for the fractional-order Brusselator system using the variational iteration method. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. This method is based on the incorporation of the correction functional for the equation. Two examples are solved as illustrations, using symbolic computation. The numerical results show that the introduced approach is a promising tool for solving system of linear and nonlinear fractional differential equations.
Iterative Algorithms for Systems of Generalized Equilibrium Problems with the Constraints of Variational Inclusion and Fixed Point Problems
Authors: Ceng Lu-Chuan , Latif Abdul , Al-Mazrooei Abdullah E.
Published: March 2014

We introduce and analyze a hybrid extragradient-like viscosity iterative algorithm for finding a common solution of a systems of generalized equilibrium problems and a generalized mixed equilibrium problem with the constraints of two problems: a finite family of variational inclusions for maximal monotone and inverse strongly monotone mappings and a fixed point problem of infinitely many nonexpansive mappings in a real Hilbert space. Under some suitable conditions, we prove the strong convergence of the sequence generated by the proposed algorithm to a common solution of these problems.
Adaptive Fractional Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for Multivariable Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Luo Junhai , Liu Heng
Published: March 2014

This paper presents a robust adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control method for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. The fractional order calculus is employed in the parameter updating stage. The underlying stability analysis as well as parameter update law design is carried out by Lyapunov based technique. In the simulation, two examples including a comparison with the traditional integer order counterpart are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The main contribution of this paper consists in the control performance is better for the fractional order updating law than that of traditional integer order.
Universal Projective Synchronization of Two Different Hyperchaotic Systems with Unknown Parameters
Authors: Zhang Baojie , Li Hongxing
Published: March 2014

Universal projective synchronization (UPS) of two chaotic systems is defined. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, an adaptive control method is derived such that UPS of two different hyperchaotic systems with unknown parameters is realized, which is up to a scaling function matrix and three kinds of reference systems, respectively. Numerical simulations are used to verify the effectiveness of the scheme.
Influence of Hydration Status on Changes in Plasma Cortisol, Leukocytes, and Antigen-Stimulated Cytokine Production by Whole Blood Culture following Prolonged Exercise
Authors: Svendsen Ida S. , Killer Sophie C. , Gleeson Michael
Published: March 2014

Elevated antigen-stimulated anti-inflammatory cytokine production appears to be a risk factor for upper respiratory tract illness in athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of prolonged exercise and hydration on antigen-stimulated cytokine production. Twelve healthy males cycled for 120 min at 60% V˙O2max⁡ on two occasions, either euhydrated or moderately hypohydrated (induced by fluid restriction for 24 h). Blood samples were collected before and after exercise and following 2 h recovery for determination of cell counts, plasma cortisol, and in vitro antigen-stimulated cytokine production by whole blood culture. Fluid restriction resulted in mean body mass loss of 1.3% and 3.9% before and after exercise, respectively. Exercise elicited a significant leukocytosis and elevated plasma cortisol, with no differences between trials. IL-6 production was significantly reduced 2 h postexercise (P<0.05), while IL-10 production was elevated postexercise (P<0.05). IFN-γ and IL-2 production tended to decrease postexercise. No significant effect of hydration status was observed for the measured variables. Prolonged exercise appears to result in augmented anti-inflammatory cytokine release in response to antigen challenge, possibly coupled with acute suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production, corresponding with studies using mitogen or endotoxin as stimulant. Moderate hypohydration does not appear to influence these changes.
The Middle Fossa Approach for the Removal of a Trochlear Schwannoma
Authors: Boucher Andrew B. , Michael L. Madison
Published: March 2014

Objectives. Schwannomas originating from the trochlear nerve are extremely rare; only 30 cases have been reported in the literature. Many operative approaches have been utilized for lesion resection, but the advantages of the anterior transpetrosal approach are numerous and include excellent exposure, minimal extradural retraction of the temporal lobe, and minimal cerebrospinal fluid leaks. We report the second case of a trochlear schwannoma resected via the anterior transpetrosal approach.Setting. A 64-year-old male presented with 3-month history of diplopia and headaches. On physical examination, he was found to have a right fourth nerve palsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass within the right ambient cistern compressing the adjacent midbrain. A right-sided anterior transpetrosal approach was used—which confirmed that the trochlear nerve entered the mass—to achieve gross total resection. Pathological examination confirmed diagnosis of schwannoma. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 3. He experienced a persistent fourth nerve palsy postoperatively with an otherwise normal neurological examination. Follow-up imaging confirmed complete removal of the tumor.Conclusion. The anterior transpetrosal approach is an excellent approach for removal of trochlear schwannomas involving the cisternal course of the trochlear nerve. It affords complete visualization of this anatomical region while introducing minimal morbidity.
Antihypertensive Action of Allantoin in Animals
Authors: Chen Mei-Fen , Tsai Jo-Ting , Chen Li-Jen , Wu Tung-Pi , Yang Jia-Jang , Yin Li-Te , Yang Yu-lin , Chiang Tai-An , Lu Han-Lin , Wu Ming-Chang
Published: March 2014

The agonists of imidazoline I-1 receptors (I-1R) are widely used to lower blood pressure. It has been indicated that guanidinium derivatives show an ability to activate imidazoline receptors. Also, allantoin has a chemical stricture similar to guanidinium derivatives. Thus, it is of special interest to characterize the effect of allantoin on I-1R. In conscious male spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs), mean blood pressure (MBP) was recorded using the tail-cuff method. Furthermore, the hemodynamic analyses in catheterized rats were applied to measure the actions of allantoin in vivo. Allantoin decreased blood pressures in SHRs at 30 minutes, as the most effective time. Also, this antihypertensive action was shown in a dose-dependent manner from SHRs treated with allantoin. Moreover, in anesthetized rats, allantoin inhibited cardiac contractility and heart rate as showing in hemodynamicdP/dtmax significantly. Also, the peripheral blood flow was markedly increased by allantoin. Both actions were diminished by efaroxan at the dose sufficient to block I-1R. Thus, we suggest that allantoin, as I-1R agonist, has the potential to develop as a new therapeutic agent for hypertension in the future.
Exact Solution for Non-Self-Similar Wave-Interaction Problem during Two-Phase Four-Component Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Borazjani S. , Bedrikovetsky P. , Farajzadeh R.
Published: March 2014

Analytical solutions for one-dimensional two-phase multicomponent flows in porous media describe processes of enhanced oil recovery, environmental flows of waste disposal, and contaminant propagation in subterranean reservoirs and water management in aquifers. We derive the exact solution for3×3hyperbolic system of conservation laws that corresponds to two-phase four-component flow in porous media where sorption of the third component depends on its own concentration in water and also on the fourth component concentration. Using the potential function as an independent variable instead of time allows splitting the initial system to2×2system for concentrations and one scalar hyperbolic equation for phase saturation, which allows for full integration of non-self-similar problem with wave interactions.
The Evolution of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: Tips
Authors: Fanelli Fabrizio
Published: March 2014

Since Richter’s description in the literature in 1989 of the first procedure on human patients, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has been worldwide considered as a noninvasive technique to manage portal hypertension complications. TIPS succeeds in lowering the hepatic sinusoidal pressure and in increasing the circulatory flow, thus reducing sodium retention, ascites recurrence, and variceal bleeding. Required several revisions of the shunt TIPS can be performed in case of different conditions such as hepatorenal syndrome, hepatichydrothorax, portal vein thrombosis, and Budd-Chiari syndrome. Most of the previous studies on TIPS procedure were based on the use of bare stents and most patients chose TIPS 2-3 years after traditional treatment, thus making TIPS appear to be not superior to endoscopy in survival rates. Bare stents were associated with higher incidence of shunt failure and consequently patients required several revisions during the follow-up. With the introduction of a dedicated e-PTFE covered stent-graft, these problems were completely solved, No more reinterventions are required with a tremendous improvement of patient’s quality of life. One of the main drawbacks of the use of e-PTFE covered stent-graft is higher incidence of hepatic encephalopathy. In those cases refractory to the conventional medical therapy, a shunt reduction must be performed.
Construction of Fusion Frame Systems in Finite Dimensional Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Leng Jinsong , Huang Tingzhu
Published: March 2014

We first investigate the construction of a fusion frame system in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space𝔽nwhen its fusion frame operator matrix is given and provides a corresponding algorithm. The matrix representations of its local frame operators and inverse frame operators are naturally obtained. We then study the related properties of the constructed fusion frame systems. Finally, we implement the construction of fusion frame systems which behave optimally for erasures in some special sense in signal transmission.
Passengers’ Evacuation in Ships Based on Neighborhood Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Yuan Gan-Nan , Zhang Li-Na , Liu Li-Qiang , Wang Kan
Published: March 2014

A new intelligent model to simulate evacuation behavior in ships called neighborhood particle swarm optimization is proposed. This model determines the rules of behavior and velocity updating formulas to solve staff conflicts. The individuals in evacuation are taken as particles in PSO and update their behaviors by individual attributes, neighborhood attributes, and social attributes. Putting the degree of freedom movement of ships into environment factor and using the real Ro‐Ro ship information and IMO test scenarios to simulate the evacuation process, the model in this paper can truly simulate the behavior of persons in emergency and provide a new idea to design excellent evacuation model.
Finite-Time Chaos Control of a Complex Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor System
Authors: Zhou Xiaobing , Jiang Murong , Cai Xiaomei
Published: March 2014

This paper investigates the finite-time chaos control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor system with complex variables. Based on the finite-time stability theory, two control strategies are proposed to realize stabilization of the complex permanent magnet synchronous motor system in a finite time. Two numerical simulations have been conducted to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the theoretical analysis.
COX-2–Independent Effects of Celecoxib Sensitize Lymphoma B Cells to TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Gallouet Anne-Sophie , Travert Marion , Bresson-Bepoldin Laurence , Guilloton Fabien , Pangault Céline , Caulet-Maugendre Sylvie , Lamy Thierry , Tarte Karin , Guillaudeux Thierry
Published: March 2014

Purpose: Despite therapeutic advances, non–Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) remain incurable. They form a group of neoplasms strongly dependent on their inflammatory microenvironment, which plays an important supportive role in tumor B-cell survival and in the resistance to antitumor immune response. New therapies must consider both tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment

Experimental Design: Stromal cells, derived from bone marrow or lymph nodes, and B cells from follicular lymphoma patients were cocultured or cultured alone with celecoxib treatment, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and/or TRAIL, a promising cytotoxic molecule for cancer therapy.

Results: In this study, we show that follicular lymphoma stromal cells produce large amounts of PGE2. This production is abrogated after celecoxib treatment, targeting the COX-2 isoenzyme involved in PGE2 synthesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that celecoxib increases apoptosis in NHL B-cell lines and in primary follicular lymphoma B cells cocultured with stromal cells, but independently of the PGE2/COX-2 axis. Finally, celecoxib increases the apoptotic activity of TRAIL. We provide evidence that celecoxib affects proliferation and sensitizes NHL B-cell lines to apoptosis through COX-2–independent effects by slowing down the cell cycle and decreasing the expression of survival proteins, such as Mcl-1.

Conclusions: These data suggest new potent strategies for NHL therapy combining drugs targeting both tumor B cells and survival signals provided by the tumor microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res; 20(10); 2663–73. ©2014 AACR.
Mahākāśyapa, His Lineage, and the Wish for Buddhahood: Reading Anew the Bodhgayā Inscriptions of Mahānāman
Authors: Tournier Vincent
Published: March 2014

This article investigates the religious message of a set of inscriptions from Bodhgayā issued by Sinhalese monks in the 5th and 6th centuries ce. The long inscription of the hierarch Mahānāman, in particular, allows an in-depth understanding of this monk’s self-representation as the heir of a virtuous lineage descending from the Elder Mahākāśyapa, committed to the transmission of the Saṃyukta-Āgama, and related to the ruling dynasty of Laṅkā. Moreover, it provides the rationale behind Mahānāman’s aspiration to Buddhahood, as the donor dedicates to this aim the merits of the erection of a temple on the Bodhimaṇḍa itself, hosting a representation of Śākyamuni’s Awakening. I argue that Mahānāman is part of a milieu sharing common origins, monastic background, and aspirations, a milieu that was later labelled as *Mahāyāna-Sthavira by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang.
Menggarami burung terbang: Local understandings of national history
Authors: Allen Pamela
Published: March 2014

This paper focuses on the ways in which watershed events in Indonesian national history are illuminated in a work of fiction, and how a Javanese worldview gives rise to particular, localized understandings of the events. The work of fiction is Sitok Srengenge's first novel, Menggarami burung terbang (Seasoning the flying bird), the action of which is bracketed by the years 1948 and 1965. The protagonists of the novel are unassuming village folk who are bewildered at the political events and mass brutality that overtake them, and whose understanding of the world is filtered through natural omens. Such a worldview is described by Quinn (1992:124) as a 'teleological' view of phenomena, in other words a belief that everything that exists and happens - including natural omens - does so for a final purpose, that there is a reason for everything.
Recent publications on Indonesian Islam
Authors: Assyaukanie Luthfi
Published: March 2014

Review of: Abdurrahman Wahid (ed.), Ilusi negara Islam: Ekspansi gerakan Islam transnasional di Indonesia. Adian Husaini, Membendung arus liberalisme di Indonesia: Kumpulan catatan akhir pekan. Ahmad Syafii Maarif, Islam dalam bingkai keindonesiaan dan kemanusiaan: Sebuah refleksi sejarah. Daud Rasyid, Melawan sekularisme. Haedar Nashir, Gerakan Islam syariat: Reproduksi salafiyah ideologis di Indonesia. Husein Muhammad, Islam agama ramah perempuan: Pembelaan kiai pesantren. Y M. Imdadun Rahmat, Arus baru Islam radikal: Transmisi revivalisme Islam Timur Tengah ke Indonesia. M. Zaki Mubarak, Genealogi Islam radikal di Indonesia: Gerakan, pemikiran dan prospek demokrasi. Siti Musdah Mulia, Menuju kemandirian politik perempuan: Upaya mengakhiri depolitisasi perempuan di Indonesia. Sukron Kamil and Chaider S. Bamualim (eds), Syariah Islam dan HAM: Dampak perda syariah terhadap kebebasan sipil, hak-hak perempuan dan non-Muslim.
Using Varied Microphysics to Account for Uncertainty in Warm-Season QPF in a Convection-Allowing Ensemble
Authors: Duda Jeffrey D. , Wang Xuguang , Kong Fanyou , Xue Ming
Published: March 2014

Two approaches for accounting for errors in quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) due to uncertainty in the microphysics (MP) parameterization in a convection-allowing ensemble are examined. They include mixed MP (MMP) composed mostly of double-moment schemes and perturbing parameters within the Weather Research and Forecasting single-moment 6-class microphysics scheme (WSM6) MP scheme (PPMP). Thirty-five cases of real-time storm-scale ensemble forecasts produced by the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms during the NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed 2011 Spring Experiment were examined.

The MMP ensemble had better fractions Brier scores (FBSs) for most lead times and thresholds, but the PPMP ensemble had better relative operating characteristic (ROC) scores for higher precipitation thresholds. The pooled ensemble formed by randomly drawing five members from the MMP and PPMP ensembles was no more skillful than the more accurate of the MMP and PPMP ensembles. Significant positive impact was found when the two were combined to form a larger ensemble.

The QPF and the systematic behaviors of derived microphysical variables were also examined. The skill of the QPF among different members depended on the thresholds, verification metrics, and forecast lead times. The profiles of microphysics variables from the double-moment schemes contained more variation in the vertical than those from the single-moment members. Among the double-moment schemes, WDM6 produced the smallest raindrops and very large number concentrations. Among the PPMP members, the behaviors were found to be consistent with the prescribed intercept parameters. The perturbed intercept parameters used in the PPMP ensemble fell within the range of values retrieved from the double-moment schemes.
Management of a Woman With Maple Syrup Urine Disease During Pregnancy, Delivery, and Lactation
Authors: Wessel Ann E. , Mogensen Kris M. , Rohr Frances , Erick Miriam , Neilan Edward G. , Chopra Sameer , Levy Harvey L. , Gray Kathryn J. , Wilkins‐Haug Louise , Berry Gerard T.
Published: March 2014

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inherited disorder of metabolism of the branched‐chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Complications of acute elevation in plasma leucine include ketoacidosis and risk of cerebral edema, which can be fatal. Individuals with MSUD are at risk of metabolic crisis throughout life, especially at times of physiological stress. We present a case of successful management of a woman with MSUD through pregnancy, delivery, postpartum, and lactation, including nutrition therapy using modified parenteral nutrition.
Transoral Robotic Surgery and the Unknown Primary: A Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Byrd J. Kenneth , Smith Kenneth J. , de Almeida John R. , Albergotti W. Greer , Davis Kara S. , Kim Seungwon W. , Johnson Jonas T. , Ferris Robert L. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar
Published: March 2014

Objective

To evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma (CUP).

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary academic hospital.

Subjects and Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed on patients with new occult primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with nondiagnostic imaging and/or endoscopy who were treated with TORS at a tertiary hospital between 2009 and 2012. Direct costs were obtained from the hospital's billing system, and national data were used for inpatient hospital costs and physician fees. The proportion of tumors found in 3 strategies was used as effectiveness to calculate the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio.

Results

In total, 206 head and neck robotic cases were performed at our institution between December 2009 and December 2012. Three surgeons performed TORS on 22 patients for occult primary squamous cell carcinoma. The primary tumor was located in 19 of 22 patients (86.4%). The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for sequential and simultaneous examination under anesthesia with tonsillectomy (EUA) and TORS base of tongue resection was $8619 and $5774 per additional primary identified, respectively.

Conclusion

Sequential EUA followed by TORS is associated with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $8619 compared with traditional EUA alone. Bilateral base of tongue resection should be considered in the workup of these patients, particularly if the palatine tonsils have already been removed.
Fear for external cephalic version and depression: predictors of successful external cephalic version for breech presentation at term?
Authors: Ciliacus Emily , van der Zalm Marieke , Truijens Sophie E , Hasaart Tom H , Pop Victor J , Kuppens Simone M
Published: March 2014

Background

Objective was to determine whether fear for external cephalic version (ECV) and depression are associated with the success rate of ECV in women with a breech presentation at term.

Methods

Prospective study conducted in the Catharina Hospital Eindhoven between October 2007 and May 2012. Participants fulfilled The Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS) questionnaire and expressed their degree of fear on a visual analogue scale from one to ten before ECV. Obstetric factors were evaluated as well. Primary outcome was the relation between psychological factors (fear for ECV and depression EDS scores) and ECV success rate. Secondary outcome was a possible relation between fear for ECV and increased abdominal muscle tension.

Results

The overall success rate was 55% and was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in nulliparous women (44.3%) compared with parous women (78.0%). Fear for ECV and depression EDS-scores were not related with ECV success rate. Parity, placental location, BMI and engagement of the fetal breech were obstetric factors associated with ECV outcome. There was no relation between fear for ECV and abdominal muscle tone.

Conclusion

Fear for ECV and depression were not related with ECV success rate in this study. Engagement of the fetal breech was the most important factor associated with a successful ECV.

Trial registration

EBIS: The Eindhoven Breech Intervention Study, NCT00516555.
Sucrose stabilization of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) during nebulization and experimental infection
Authors: Grosz Drew D , van Geelen Albert , Gallup Jack M , Hostetter Shannon J , Derscheid Rachel J , Ackermann Mark R
Published: March 2014

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory pathogen that can cause severe pneumonia.In vivostudies of RSV can be difficult due to variation in viral infection and disease severity in some animal models. Factors that may contribute to the variation are decreases in viral titer due to preparation and storage and method of virus administration. Nebulization is one method of RSV administration that provides even distribution of virus to all lung lobes; however, the exact quantity of the virus killed by nebulization is not defined. To test the hypothesis that sucrose enhances RSV stability and infectivity, a series ofin vitroexperiments were conducted with RSV strain Memphis 37 stored at varying concentrations (0%, 3%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of sucrose as a possible cryo- and nebulization protectant. The optimalin vitroconcentration was then assessedin vivoin a lamb model.

Methods

Prior to titering the virus on HEp-2 cells, the various virus solutions were subjected to one freeze-thaw cycle and one nebulization cycle. Forty-eight hours after viral plating, infectious foci were detected and counted using immunofluorescent imaging. Titers were determined after freeze-thaw and after freeze-thaw followed by nebulization, then compared to the stock titers (before freezing) as well as to one another to determine the loss of infectivity. To further test thisin vivo, lambs 2 to 3-days-old were infected via nebulization with RSV using inoculate containing either 20% sucrose or no sucrose followed by assessments of infection severity.

Results

Nebulization of virus in 0% sucrose resulted in a 0.580 log reduction in infectivity while virus in 20% sucrose exhibited a 0.297 log reduction.In vivostudies demonstrated that 20% sucrose enhanced RSV lesions and antigen distribution.

Conclusions

The data suggests that both nebulization and freeze-thawing of RSV in the absence of sucrose cause unacceptable losses in viral infectivity and that sucrose acts as a RSV protectant in both regards.
Towards digital photon counting cameras for single-molecule optical nanoscopy
Authors: Krishnaswami Venkataraman , Van Noorden Cornelis J F , Manders Erik M M , Hoebe Ron A
Published: March 2014

Background

Optical nanoscopy based on separation of single molecules by stochastic switching and subsequent localization allows surpassing the diffraction limit of light. The growing pursuit towards live-cell imaging using nanoscopy demands advancements in both science and technology.

Results

In this article, we provide an overview of the technological advancements in the development of scientific cameras used for nanoscopy. We discuss the prospects of novel digital photon counting cameras based on a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array camera for optical nanoscopy. Numerical simulations are used to evaluate and compare different scientific cameras for their performance towards single-molecule identification and localization.

Conclusion

A SPAD array camera with single-photon sensitivity and zero read-out noise allows for the detection of extremely weak signals at ultra-fast imaging speeds. With temporal resolution in the order of micro-seconds, a SPAD array camera offers great potential for live-cell imaging with super-resolution.
Growth differentiation factor 6 and transforming growth factor-beta differentially mediate mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, composition, and micromechanical properties of nucleus pulposus constructs
Authors: Clarke Louise E , McConnell James C , Sherratt Michael J , Derby Brian , Richardson Stephen M , Hoyland Judith A
Published: March 2014

Introduction

Currently, there is huge research focus on the development of novel cell-based regeneration and tissue-engineering therapies for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration and the associated back pain. Both bone marrow-derived (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) are proposed as suitable cells for such therapies. However, currently no consensus exists as to the optimum growth factor needed to drive differentiation to a nucleus pulposus (NP)-like phenotype. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth differentiation factor-6 (GDF6), compared with other transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily members, on discogenic differentiation of MSCs, the matrix composition, and micromechanics of engineered NP tissue constructs.

Methods

Patient-matched human AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs were seeded into type I collagen hydrogels and cultured in differentiating media supplemented with TGF-β3, GDF5, or GDF6. After 14 days, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of chondrogenic and novel NP marker genes and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content of the construct and media components were measured. Additionally, construct micromechanics were analyzed by using scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM).

Results

GDF6 stimulation of BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs resulted in a significant increase in expression of novel NP marker genes, a higher aggrecan-to-type II collagen gene expression ratio, and higher sGAG production compared with TGF-β or GDF5 stimulation. These effects were greater in AD-MSCs than in BM-MSCs. Furthermore, the acoustic-wave speed measured by using SAM, and therefore tissue stiffness, was lowest in GDF6-stiumlated AD-MSC constructs.

Conclusions

The data suggest that GDF6 stimulation of AD-MSCs induces differentiation to an NP-like phenotype and results in a more proteoglycan-rich matrix. Micromechanical analysis shows that the GDF6-treated AD-MSCs have a less-stiff matrix composition, suggesting that the growth factor is inducing a matrix that is more akin to the native NP-like tissue. Thus, this cell and growth-factor combination may be the ideal choice for cell-based intervertebral disc (IVD)-regeneration therapies.
Characterization of newly isolated oleaginous yeasts - Cryptococcus podzolicus, Trichosporon porosum and Pichia segobiensis
Authors: Schulze Ines , Hansen Silla , Großhans Steffen , Rudszuck Thomas , Ochsenreither Katrin , Syldatk Christoph , Neumann Anke
Published: March 2014

The yeast strains Cryptococcus podzolicus, Trichosporon porosum and Pichia segobiensis were isolated from soil samples and identified as oleaginous yeast strains beneficial for the establishment of microbial production processes for sustainable lipid production suitable for several industrial applications. When cultured in bioreactors with glucose as the sole carbon source C. podzolicus yielded 31.8% lipid per dry biomass at 20°C, while T. porosum yielded 34.1% at 25°C and P. segobiensis 24.6% at 25°C. These amounts correspond to lipid concentrations of 17.97 g/L, 17.02 g/L and 12.7 g/L and volumetric productivities of 0.09 g/Lh, 0.1 g/Lh and 0.07 g/Lh, respectively. During the culture of C. podzolicus 30 g/l gluconic acid was detected as by-product in the culture broth and 12 g/L gluconic acid in T. porosum culture. The production of gluconic acid was eliminated for both strains when glucose was substituted by xylose as the carbon source. Using xylose lipid yields were 11.1 g/L and 13.9 g/L, corresponding to 26.8% and 33.4% lipid per dry biomass and a volumetric productivity of 0.07 g/Lh and 0.09 g/Lh, for C. podzolicus and T. porosum respectively. The fatty acid profile analysis showed that oleic acid was the main component (39.6 to 59.4%) in all three strains and could be applicable for biodiesel production. Palmitic acid (18.4 to 21.1%) and linolenic acid (7.5 to 18.7%) are valuable for cosmetic applications. P. segobiensis had a considerable amount of palmitoleic acid (16% content) and may be suitable for medical applications.
A selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of twopotential genotoxic impurities in celecoxib
Authors: Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy Ambavaram , Venugopal Nandigam , Madhavi Gajulapalle
Published: March 2014

Background

Impurity profiling is now receiving critical attention from regulatoryauthorities. For trace level quantification of potential genotoxic impurities(PGIs), conventional analytical techniques like high-performance liquidchromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are inadequate; consequently,there is a great need to apply hyphenated analytical techniques to developsensitive analytical methods for the analysis of pharmaceuticals.

Methods

A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of(4-sulfamoylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (SHH) and(4-methyl-acetophenone)para-sulfonamide phenylhydrazine hydrochloride(MAP) PGIs in celecoxib active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The LC-MS/MSanalysis of SHH and MAP PGIs was done on Symmetry C18 (150 mm ×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) analytical column, and the mobile phase used was5.0 mM ammonium acetate-acetonitrile in the ratio of 30:70(v/v). The flow rate used was 0.7 mL/min. Triplequadrupole mass detector coupled to positive electrospray ionization operated inmultiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for the quantification of SHH andMAP PGIs. The method was validated as per International Conference onHarmonization (ICH) guidelines and was able to quantitate both SHH and MAP PGIs at1.0 ppm with respect to 10 mg/mL of celecoxib.

Results

The proposed method was specific, linear, accurate, precise, and robust. Thecalibration curves show good linearity between the concentration range of 0.06 and7.5 ppm for both SHH and MAP PGIs. The correlation coefficient obtained was>0.9998 in each case. The method has very low limit of detection (LOD) andlimit of quantification (LOQ). The obtained LOD and LOQ values were 0.02 and0.06 ppm, respectively, for both SHH and MAP PGIs. For both the PGIs,excellent recoveries of 95.0% to 104.0% were obtained at a concentration range of0.06 to 3.0 ppm. The developed method was also applied to determine the SHHand MAP PGIs in three formulation batches of celecoxib.

Conclusions

The proposed method is simple and accurate and is a good quality control tool forthe simultaneous quantitative determination of SHH and MAP PGIs at very low levelsin celecoxib during its manufacturing.
Effectiveness of Primary Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Potosky Arnold L. , Haque Reina , Cassidy-Bushrow Andrea E. , Ulcickas Yood Marianne , Jiang Miao , Tsai Huei-Ting , Luta George , Keating Nancy L. , Smith Matthew R. , Van Den Eeden Stephen K.
Published: March 2014

Purpose

Primary androgen-deprivation therapy (PADT) is often used to treat clinically localized prostate cancer, but its effects on cause-specific and overall mortality have not been established. Given the widespread use of PADT and the potential risks of serious adverse effects, accurate mortality data are needed to inform treatment decisions.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using comprehensive utilization and cancer registry data from three integrated health plans. All men were newly diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer. Men who were diagnosed between 1995 and 2008, were not treated with curative intent therapy, and received follow-up through December 2010 were included in the study (n = 15,170). We examined all-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality as our main outcomes. We used Cox proportional hazards models with and without propensity score analysis.

Results

Overall, PADT was associated with neither a risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.11) nor prostate-cancer–specific mortality (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.19) after adjusting for all sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. PADT was associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality but not prostate-cancer–specific mortality. PADT was associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality only among the subgroup of men with a high risk of cancer progression (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.97).

Conclusion

We found no mortality benefit from PADT compared with no PADT for most men with clinically localized prostate cancer who did not receive curative intent therapy. Men with higher-risk disease may derive a small clinical benefit from PADT. Our study provides the best available contemporary evidence on the lack of survival benefit from PADT for most men with clinically localized prostate cancer.
Cryptochrome expression in the eye of migratory birds depends on their migratory status
Authors: Fusani Leonida , Bertolucci Cristiano , Frigato Elena , Foà Augusto
Published: March 2014

Most passerine birds are nocturnal migrants. When kept in captivity during the migratory periods, these species show a migratory restlessness, or Zugunruhe. Recent studies on Sylvia warblers have shown that Zugunruhe is an excellent proxy of migratory disposition. Passerine birds can use the Earth's geomagnetic field as a compass to keep their course during their migratory flight. Among the candidate magnetoreceptive mechanisms are the cryptochromes, flavoproteins located in the retina that are supposed to perceive the magnetic field through a light-mediated process. Previous work has suggested that expression of Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) is increased in migratory birds compared with non-migratory species. Here we tested the hypothesis that Cry1 expression depends on migratory status. Blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla were caught before fall migration and held in registration cages. When the birds were showing robust Zugunruhe, we applied a food deprivation protocol that simulates a long migratory flight. When the birds were refed after 2 days, their Zugunruhe decreased substantially, as is expected from birds that would interrupt migration for a refuelling stopover. We found that Cry1 expression was higher at night than during daytime in birds showing Zugunruhe, whereas in birds that underwent the fasting-and-refeeding protocol and reduced their levels of Zugunruhe, night Cry1 expression decreased to daytime levels. Our work shows that Cry1 expression is dependent on the presence of Zugunruhe and not on species-specific or seasonal factors, or on the birds being active versus inactive. These results support the hypothesis that cryptochromes underlie magnetoreceptive mechanisms in birds.
Exascale supercomputers. Architectural outlines
Authors: Степаненко Сергей , Stepanenko Sergey , Южаков Василий , Yuzhakov Vasiliy
Published: March 2014

Architectural aspects of exascale supercomputers are explored. Param-eters of the computing environment and interconnect are evaluated. It is shown that reaching exascale performances requires hybrid systems. Processor elements of such systems comprise CPU cores and arithmetic accelerators, implementing the MIMD and SIMD computing disciplines, respectively. Efficient exascale hybrid systems require fundamentally new applications and architectural efficiency scaling solutions, including: 1) process-aware structural reconfiguring of hybrid processor elements by varying the number of MIMD cores and SIMD cores communicating with them to attain as high performance and efficiency as possible under given conditions; 2) application of conflict-free sets of sources and receivers and/or decomposi-tion of the computation to subprocesses and their allocation to environment elements in accordance with their features and communication topology to minimize communication time; 3) application of topological redundancy methods to preserve the topology and overall performance achieved by the above communication time minimiza-tion solutions in case of element failure thus maintaining the efficiency reached by the above reconfiguring and communication minimization solu-tions, i.e. to provide fault-tolerant efficiency scaling. Application of these solutions is illustrated by running molecular dynamics tests and the NPB LU benchmark. The resulting architecture displays dynamic adaptability to program features, which in turn ensures the efficiency of using exascale supercomputers.
El turismo industrial en la oferta cultural de las grandes ciudades a través del análisis de sus visitantes. El caso de Barcelona
Authors: Prat Forga Josep Maria
Published: March 2014

En las grandes ciudades, el turismo industrial suele tener un seguimiento minoritario. Sin embargo, la puesta en valor del patrimonio industrial sirve para ampliar la oferta cultural del turismo urbano, con el objetivo de satisfacer las nuevas motivaciones artístico-culturales de unos visitantes con limitada disponibilidad de tiempo pero cada vez más ávidos de consumir cultura.En este artículo, con el objetivo de comprobar cual es el grado de evolución de este turismo en la ciudad de Barcelona, si ayuda o no a potenciar su imagen urbana o si meramente es una oferta cultural complementaria marginal, después de presentar el marco teórico del turismo industrial y de su situación actual en Catalunya, se detalla el caso de la capital catalana a partir de dos encuestas, una propia y otra externa, con el soporte de datos estadísticos, analizando el perfil, motivaciones y grado de satisfacción de los visitantes a sus dos elementos más emblemáticos, el Museo de la Cerámica y el Museo del Chocolate, dentro de la amplia oferta cultural que presenta una gran ciudad con múltiples atractivos turísticos.Como se podrá comprobar, en Barcelona el turismo industrial es una actividad cultural complementaria dentro del turismo urbano y que, aún creciendo su número de visitantes, presenta un alto grado de marginalidad y una orientación a un determinado perfil de público, a pesar de que, por su aspecto pedagógico y cultural, ayuda a sus visitantes a entender mejor el territorio, su historia y las relaciones socioculturales desarrolladas, reafirmando la imagen de la ciudad.
Revisión de índices e indicadores de desarrollo: aportes para la medición del buen vivir (sumak kawsay)
Authors: Phélan C. Mauricio
Published: March 2014

Este artículo se ubica en el marco de una investigación sobre Buen Vivir (Sumak Kawsay), propuesta de la cosmovisión andina al desarrollo. En la búsqueda de su operativización, en este artículo se revisan diferentes indicadores e índices sobre desarrollo y bienestar. Se analizan las fortalezas y debilidades de cada uno, desde el PIB, considerado en la medición del crecimiento económico, como otras propuestas alternativas, tales como, desarrollo a escala humana, desarrollo humano, entre otras. Finalmente, se hacen algunas recomendaciones para crear indicadores y, posiblemente índices, para el Buen Vivir.
¿Qué aportan los estudios de felicidad al buen vivir, y viceversa?
Authors: Guardiola Jorge
Published: March 2014

En los últimos años, la ciencia se ha preocupado de estudiar la felicidad y sus causas. Sin embargo, en los estudios no se ha prestado demasiada atención a grupos de individuos que comparten una idea bastante personal sobre qué es el bienestar, que va más allá de la opinión occidental. El presente texto pretende analizar las posibles ventajas e inconvenientes, así como las limitaciones y aportaciones, que los estudios de felicidad pueden ocasionar en la comprensión del Buen Vivir de los pueblos indígenas latinoamericanos. También sacaremos conclusiones sobre qué puede aportar el Buen Vivir a los estudios de la felicidad.
La sociología del sistema mundial como herramienta para el análisis multifactorial de las migraciones internacionales
Authors: García García José Tomás , Verdú Delgado Ana Dolores
Published: March 2014

Existe una corriente crítica reciente que trata de trascender desde las Ciencias Sociales los enfoques clásicos en materia de migraciones. Sin embargo, al análisis crítico resulta insuficiente; es necesario desarrollar enfoques metodológicos que mejoren la aplicabilidad de los estudios. Este artículo defiende la necesidad de adaptar estructuras y categorías de análisis a un modelo multifactorial y multidisciplinar que pueda captar en todas sus dimensiones un fenómeno tan complejo como es el de las migraciones.
El reto y la oportunidad de acabar con el hambre: reflexiones desde la obra de José María Bengoa Lecanda (1913-2010)
Authors: Bernabeu Mestre Josep , Esplugues Pellicer Josep Xavier , Trescastro López Eva
Published: March 2014

El trabajo aborda, a través de la obra de José María Bengoa Lecanda (1913-2010), la condición de intolerable social que alcanzó, a lo largo del siglo XX, el problema del hambre y la desnutrición. Así mismo, intenta mostrar la oportunidad que comportaba dicho reto, si como parecía razonable, se trataba de corregir los factores condicionantes que estaban detrás del hambre y la desnutrición, en particular la pobreza y la falta de equidad.
Los “campamentos nómadas” en Italia, entre marginalización y negación de derechos
Authors: Baldoni Emiliana
Published: March 2014

Este artículo pretende ilustrar un aspecto esencial de la “cuestión gitana” en Italia que tiene que ver con la existencia de los llamados “campamentos nómadas”. Más concretamente, después de trazar en clave histórica un resumen cualitativo y cuantitativo de los diferentes grupos presentes en Italia, se trata el problema de los “campamentos nómadas” a partir de la legislación regional que los ha establecido, mostrando la ambigüedad y las contradicciones de las políticas nacionales que no reconocen a la población gitana el estatus de minoría, pero al mismo tiempo la confinan en campamentos-gueto por su presunta actitud nómada.
Bajo trinchera, el rol de la hospitalidad en los espectáculos futbolísticos en Argentina
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano E.
Published: March 2014

Se da una estadística trágica que revela una gran cantidad de personas muertas en Argentina producto de enfrentamientos en espectáculos de fútbol. La violencia en este deporte es algo del cual se ha hablado mucho, pero pocas medidas efectivas se han llevado a cabo por el estado argentino. Dentro de esta coyuntura, el presente trabajo de revisión conceptual intenta proveer un nuevo modelo para comprender el fenómeno. La violencia no solo es un motor de cambio entre los agentes sociales que mantienen los bordes de la identidad, sino que se articula o desarticula hacia fuera en tanto se pueden establecer pactos de hospitalidad (amistad) entre las hinchadas. No obstante, lejos de desaparecer, la violencia se canaliza hacia dentro del club. Por el contrario, aquellas hinchadas que no celebran pactos de amistad, disminuyen la violencia dentro de sus filas pero la exteriorizan. Al ser un deporte nacido de la lucha bélica, el futbol está condenado a la violencia.
Susceptibility of silver birch pruning wounds to infection by white-rot fungus (Chondrostereum purpureum), a potential bioherbicide
Authors: Vartiamäki Henna , Hantula Jarkko , Uotila Antti
Published: March 2014

We artificially inoculated pruning wounds of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) to study seasonal variation in their vulnerability to infection by the fungal decomposer Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar. This information is critical to the assessment of incidental infection risks in areas where C. purpureum may be used as a bioherbicide. On seven monthly occasions between April and October 2005, 30 birch trees were pruned to yield a total of 210 experimental trees. On each occasion, 10 trees were inoculated immediately with C. purpureum mycelium, 10 were inoculated with blank inoculum and 10 were only pruned. In the summer of 2007, a survey of 129 experimental trees showed that pruning wounds were most susceptible to infection during May. Treatment with C. purpureum at other times during the growing season also increased the extent of discoloration or decay but the effect was considerably less.