bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Рефлексы прасамодийских *a и *ä и нганасанский сингармонизм
Authors: Гусев В. Ю.
Published: February 2023

The paper deals with the reflexes of Proto-Samoyedic *ä and *a in the
first syllable. It shows that their reflexes in Nganasan correlate with the
synharmonical class of the root: while in the former front-vowel roots *ä
became e and *a became Ća or Cia, in the former back-vowel roots both have
passed to Ca. This development is paralleled in Selkup, Kamas and Mator,
while in Nenets and Enets both *ä and *a have each developed regardless of
the synharmonical class.
Трикстеры-пройдохи в ненецком фольклоре
Authors: Люблинская М. Д.
Published: February 2023

National tradition divided Nenets folk tales into several groups
according to their story-line particularities. The scientists-investigators
proposed their own classifications. Stories about Trickster have not their
Nenets genre-name nor they were marked as special Nenets folklor-theme by
the previous researchers. But rapscallion is the main hero in several
realistic folk-tales in different Nenets regions: simulator Jombo, cheat
Nardaljo. We emit the first part of the tale about trickster-Hanty, that was
collected and written by Anton Pyrerka in 1940 in Narjan-mar.
A history of Northern Samoyedic: adding details to the dialect continuum hypothesis
Authors: Khanina Olesya
Published: February 2023

A striking peculiarity in the historical development of Northern Samoyedic were the never-ending contacts between various groups and thus a dialect continuum spanning their languages. This paper aims at contributing to the solid establishment of this historical scenario by summarizing geographic evidence from the last 400 years, sociolinguistic evidence from the last 200 years, evidence from unpublished manuscripts based on Samoyedic linguistic data from the 18th and 19th centuries, and evidence from the history of reindeer herding in Western Siberia. Different types of data are integrated into a single history of Northern Samoyedic speakers, drawn here with more details than ever before.
Perlidungan Hukum bagi Nasabah BMT (Baitul Maal wat Tamwil) Melalui Pembentukan LPS (Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan)
Authors: Aziz Aufar Abdul
Published: February 2023

The presence of BMTs as MFIs in Indonesia has colored economic growth as supporting funding for the small and medium enterprise sector. The status of BMT legal entities in Indonesia is the majority as cooperative legal entities, but there are also those that are PT legal entities, foundations, and not yet legal entities, in customer protection. There are two protection models, namely implicit deposit protection and explicit deposit protection. The implicit protection model is carried out through supervision of banks, while explicit supervision is carried out by the deposit insurance agency. Until now, the existence of LPS for BMT has not been known, although in Article 19 of Law no. 1 of 2013 stipulates that MFIs can also establish deposit insurance institutions (LPS). This research is a normative legal research that refers to various sources of primary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The conclusion of this paper is, Legal protection for BMT customers is contained in Article 54 of Law no. 25 of 1992 regarding settlements in conditions where cooperatives experience dissolution. In addition to Law no. 1 of 2013 legal protection for customers is regulated in Article 24 and Article 25, and complaint services are regulated in Article 26. However, legal problems for BMTs are not only in explicit customer protection but in the form of BMT itself there is no regulation that stipulates that BMTs must what kind of legal entity? The government should have issued special rules for BMTs considering that BMTs are in principle different from cooperatives. BMT carries out two functions, namely collecting ZIS and running business in the micro sector.
Kebijakan Hukum Pidana (Penal Policy) Terhadap Rumusan Tindak Pidana Terhadap Sifat Tidak Memihak Hakim
Authors: Alfiananda Rizka Fakhry
Published: February 2023

Indonesian tendency to control the behavior of their people through the penal policy returns seen in the formulation of crime against the independence of judiciary. The formulation of the crime intended to control people's behavior in relation to the judicial process in order not to affect the independence of the judiciary. The formulation of crime are urgently given considered by degradation of the current authority, dignity, and honor of the judiciary due to the intervention of the parties concerned over a judicial process. If the intervention is allowed, then the purpose of the judiciary to uphold the law and justice will not be achieved. However, the formulation of the crime was rejected by many party due to the vagueness of formulation of a crime can be used as an instrument for acting arbitratrily by certain elements.
Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah dalam Pemaknaan Hukum Islam dan Sistem Hukum Positif Di Indonesia
Authors: Fitriani Ifa Lathifa
Published: February 2023

Law Number 3 Year 2006 about Alteration of Law Number 7 Year 1989 about Religious Court has given new authority to Religion Court in Islamic economic dispute settlement. In order to fulfill this new authority, Supreme Court of Indonesia makes Sharia Economic Law Compilation (KHES) that used as one of material law resources in Islamic economic dispute settlement by Religion Court. In Islamic law context, Many Muslim scholars often compare position of KHES to Islamic Law Compilation (KHI), fatwa of mufti, and decision of qhadi that are part of fiqh of Indonesia. However, if KHES is seen by legal system of Indonesian perspective, the KHES still uses Supreme Court Rule which has been different in legal binding compared to the other regulations. This position also is considered as one of the factors why the position of KHES in Indonesia still has insignificant of law bargaining position.
Pemenuhan Hak Politik Penyandang Disabilitas Sesuai Dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas oleh Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Halalia Mugi Riskiana
Published: February 2023

The result of the research shows that the Election Commission of YogyakartaCity as the organizer of General Election in Yogyakarta City has made efforts to fulfillthe political rights for people with disabilities in Yogyakarta City in the implementationof general election. The efforts made by the Yogyakarta City Election Commission havebeen in accordance with Law No. 8 of 2016 on Persons with Disabilities by upholdingequal values and equal opportunity for persons with disabilities to participate inpolitical life. KPU Kota Yogyakarta in order to fulfill the political rights of disabilitasin the General Election to carry out such efforts, to maximize voter data collection todisabilitas people, to provide socialization and simulation on equal political rights fordisabilitas people and services to disabilitas people in elections, involvement of disabilitaspeople by recruiting Democratic Volunteers, some of whom are persons with disabilitiesand involving persons with disabilities as officers in the electoral structure, as well asproviding accessible facilities and infrastructure of TPS.
Implementasi Pemungutan dan Penegakan Hukum Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan di Kota Tasikmalaya (Berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kota Tasikmalaya Nomor 4 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pajak Daerah)
Authors: Muslim Rizki Aulia
Published: February 2023

The delegation of Land and Building Tax (PBB) from the central tax to regional taxes has an impact on the regions to carry out PBB collection and impose administrative sanctions on taxpayers who are not timely in paying the PBB. This research is an empirical and qualitative research type with an analysis based on the Regional Regulation of Tasikmalaya City Number 4 of 2011 concerning Regional Taxes. The results of the research obtained by the author are the Regional Government of Tasikmalaya City in handling the problem of collection and enforcement of land and building tax law delegated to the Regional Tax and Retribution Management Agency (BPPRD) of the City of Tasikmalaya using active and passive methods. Efforts made to impose sanctions on taxpayers are to provide administrative sanctions accompanied by actions to collect and apply alternative sanctions in the form of social sanctions.
Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Dalam Penanganan Perkara Pidana Anak di Indonesia
Authors: Annas Gilang Kresnanda
Published: February 2023

The birth of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning theCriminal Justice System for Children (SPPA) brought a breathof fresh air in the development of child criminal law inIndonesia. Therefore Law Number 3 of 1997 concerningJuvenile Court is no longer valid. The Children's JudicialSystem Law currently adopts many international agreementswhich are expected to improve and bring about changes in thehandling of child criminal cases. The policy of penalties in theSPPA Act now pays more attention to the protection of therights of children in conflict with the law at every level ofjustice, one of which is evident from the reduction in the periodof detention of children in the judicial process from 200 days toonly 110 days. In addition, a new policy emerged in the world ofjuvenile justice, namely the concept of diversion and restorativejustice. Diversity and Restorative Justice are policies that canbe taken by law enforcers to shift the process of handlingformal cases to non-formal (without using criminal law). Withdiversion and restotarive justice policies, it is expected to beable to eliminate the adverse effects of children when enteringthe criminal justice process and the perpetrators can realizemistakes, give a sense of suspicion for the actions committedand not repeat their actions
Pertanggung Jawaban Pribadi Dan Jabatan Dalam Hukum Administrasi Negara
Authors: Fuadi Abdul Basid
Published: February 2023

The modern state is the personification of the legal system so that almost all countries in the world claim to be a state of law. However, the paradigm of the rule of law idea has shifted to the concept of a welfare state. This is because to carry out a government with increasingly complex needs of society is not sufficient only by referring to the legislative delegation or implementing laws. It is in this framework that the government is then given the authority to act on its own initiative in solving problems faced by society in the form of discretion. The problem is how to be accountable when the authority essentially contains responsibility consequences, the problem that arises next is that every government administration is always carried out by two entities, namely positions (government) and officials (people) as individuals who carry out government affairs. This paper finds that if there is an element of administrative error that causes loss to citizens, the responsibility and accountability will be borne by the person of the perpetrator of the maladministration, both administratively and even turning into a criminal responsibility.Negara modern adalah personifikasi tata hukum sehingga hampir seluruh negara di dunia mengklaim diri sebagai negara hukum. Namun paradigma gagasan negara hukum telah bergeser kepada konsep negara kesejahteraan. Sebab untuk menyelenggarakan pemerintahan di ruang publik yang semakin kompleks tidak cukup hanya dengan berpedoman pada delegasi undang-undang atau melaksanakan undang-undang. Dalam kerangka inilah kemudian kepada pemerintah diberikan wewenang bertindak dengan inisiatif sendiri dalam menyelesaikan persoalan-persoalan yang dihadapi masyarakat berupa diskresi. Permasalahannya adalah bagaimana pertanggungjawabannya ketika wewenang pada hakikatnya mengandung konsekuensi pertanggungjawaban, problematika yang muncul berikutnya adalah setiap penyelenggaraan pemerintahan selalu dilakukan dua entitas, yaitu jabatan (pemerintah) dan pejabat (orang) sebagai pribadi yang menjalankan urusan pemerintahan. Tulisan ini menemukan jika terdapat unsur kesalahan administrasi yang menyebabkan kerugian warga negara, tanggung jawab dan tanggung gugatnya dibebankan pada pribadi pelaku tindakan maladministrasi tersebut, baik secara administratif bahkan bisa berubah menjadi tanggung jawab pidana.
Problematika Akibat Hukum Pembubaran Partai Politik Oleh Mahkamah Konstusi
Authors: Ilham Yulian Fikri
Published: February 2023

Perubahan transformatif pada Undang-Undang Dasar NRI 1945, membawa implikasi pada terbentuknya lembaga peradilan baru, yaitu Mahkamah Konstitusi yang memiliki kewenangan melakukan pembubaran partai politik. Kaitanya dengan pembubaran partai politik oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi, menarik kemudian untuk diketahui perihal bagiamana akibat hukum dari pembubaran partai politik yang dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi, khususnya mengetahui bagaimana implikasi lebih lanjut dalam pengisiian kekosongan kursi di DPR dan DPRD akibat pembubaran partai politik oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Tulisan ini berusaha menggali aturan-aturan terkait yang berkaitan dengan akibat hukum pembubaran partai politik dan meneropong kemungkinan alternatif pengisian kekosongan kursi DPR dan DPRD akibat pembubaran partai politik. Temuan dalam tulisan ini yang pertama terdapat kekosongan hukum dalam mekanisme pengisian kekosongan kursi DPR dan DPRD sebagai akibat pembubaran partai politik. Kedua, alternatif pengisian kekosongan kursi DPR dan DPRD dapat melalui mekanisme plebisit, stembus acccord atau musyawarah pengurus partai politik yang dibubarkan.
Pre-service Teachers’ Perceptions of Problem-based Learning for Developing Their Mathematics Teaching Pedagogy
Authors: Martin David A. , Jamieson-Proctor Romina
Published: February 2023

The study reported in this paper was part of a larger study that explored pre-service teachers’ perceptions of the effective-ness of a problem-based learning (PBL) teaching approach for developing their mathematics pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and their ability to enact their PCK in a tertiary mathematics education subject. This paper reports the qualita-tive semi-structured interviews used to capture the student voice with respect to the impact of the PBL approach used on the development of their mathematics PCK in comparison to their previous experiences with teacher-directed instruction. Overall, responses from the interviews revealed the pre-service teachers considered the PBL method used in this study was a more effective way to learn compared to being taught using a teacher-directed instructional approach, and further, that they will most likely use PBL when they become teachers.
Teaching Dilemmas and Student Motivation in Project-based Learning in Secondary Education
Authors: Ramos-Ramos Pablo , Botella Nicolás Ana María
Published: February 2023

This article aims to describe and analyze the dilemmas facing teachers when fostering student motivation in project-based learning (PjBL). The authors developed a project in secondary education through an action research approach. The different action research cycles aimed to solve dilemmas throughout the project and interpret them in terms of student motivation through the self-determination theory. According to this theory, autonomy, relatedness and competence are three psychological needs that, if fulfilled in the classroom, will lead to greater intrinsic motivation. The results revealed that one of the main characteristics of PjBL, namely, presenting the final product to an external audience, led to a tight schedule. This time-pressure context generated the majority of dilemmas, which affected the development of the three basic psychological needs, especially competence and autonomy.
In Memoriam
Authors: O’Hagan Lauren Alex
Published: February 2023

Throughout the long nineteenth century, individuals engaged in rituals of mourning to help deal with loss and grief. Objects were vitally important to Victorians and Edwardians as commemorative artefacts that clearly embodied the deceased and acted as a stand-in for their lived presence. For many people, books served as secular relics, with the safe confounds of the endpapers used to document the illnesses and deaths of loved ones, express feelings of anguish, or pass down books informally to other family members. Despite the high cultural value of these inscriptive marks, they have been surprisingly overlooked by researchers. Thus, this article is the first to shed light on these types of inscriptions in Britain (1870–1914), using a small dataset collected from a secondhand bookshop. Applying a combination of archival research and textual/multimodal analysis, I discuss the ways in which inscriptions helped individuals to manage loss, provided protection and therapy, and enabled relationships between the deceased and the bereaved to be maintained. I also draw attention to an inscriptive practice — the in memoriam inscription — that appears to have been predominantly used by the working and lower-middle classes. Overall, I argue that book inscriptions should be given equal importance to other relics of death, such as hair jewelry and memorial cards, as they were heavily embedded in broader rituals of mourning and served as aids in the process of grieving.
Anthocyanin extract from black rice attenuates chronic inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Li Yanmei , Yuan Fahu , He Xiaohong , Fu Shaohua , Fan Bolin
Published: February 2023

There is substantial evidence for the probiotic activity of anthocyanins, but the relationship between anthocyanins involved in the regulation of microbiota and intestinal inflammation has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of black rice anthocyanin extract (BRAE) on intestinal microbiota imbalance in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced chronic colitis. DSS was added into drinking water to induce a mouse model of chronic experimental colitis, and BRAE was given by gavage (200 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Body weight, fecal viscosity, and hematochezia were monitored during administration. After mice were sacrificed, the serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the composition of intestinal flora was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that BRAE significantly suppressed DSS-induced colonic inflammatory phenotypes and maintained colon length in mice. In addition, BRAE reduced intestinal permeability and improved intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice with colitis. Gut microbiota analysis showed that BRAE significantly improved the imbalance of intestinal microecological diversity caused by DSS, inhibited the increase in the relative abundance of inflammatory bacteria, and promoted the abundance of anti-inflammatory probiotics includingAkkermansiaspp.
Simple mathematical equations for calculating oxidation number of organic carbons, number of transferred electrons, oxidative ratio, and mole of oxygen molecule in combustion reactions
Authors: Yuen Pong Kau , Lau Cheng Man Diana
Published: February 2023

The oxidation number and number of transferred electrons are two paramount parameters in the study of redox reactions. Their calculations are both important and challenging. The oxidation number of organic carbons is used in organic chemistry, biochemistry, and applied chemistry. Combustion reaction is a classical type of redox reaction, in which the oxygen molecule (O2) is the oxidizing agent. In this article, the integration of three sets of relations is explored by using the method of balancing organic combustion: (i) number of transferred electrons and oxidation number of organic carbons, (ii) mole of oxygen molecule and number of transferred electrons, and (iii) oxidative ratio, oxidation number of organic carbons, and number of transferred electrons. This method can also establish the relationships among the stoichiometric coefficients, mole of oxygen molecule, oxidative ratio, number of transferred electrons, and oxidation number of organic carbons. Furthermore, the oxidation number of organic carbons and the number of transferred electrons of a given organic compound can be determined by the derived mathematical equations.
Golden Power and Anti-Takeover Corporate Mechanisms
Authors: Prenestini Francesca
Published: February 2023

591
The golden power regime allows the Italian government – as a last resort, if facing a threat to national interests – to oppose the acquisition of control of companies operating in strategic sectors. This article analyses the relationship between golden power and anti-takeover mechanisms provided for by Italian law, with particular focus on anti-takeover defensive techniques and increased voting rights. The study aims to identify methods of interference and overlaps between external and internal defence tools so as to understand if, when, and under which limits internal corporate defence mechanisms can represent a valid (and desirable) alternative to the use of golden power in precluding the acquisition of corporate control. The analysis shows that where the acquisition of control is more contentious, all available defence tools potentially come into play and the difference in purpose between the diverse regimes justifies the usefulness of golden power.592
A synchronic and diachronic analysis of potential dāk 得 in Cantonese
Authors: Paternicò Luisa Maria , Arcodia Giorgio Francesco
Published: February 2023

The morpheme dāk 得 has a broad range of functions in modern Cantonese, including being used as a particle introducing an adverbial construction, as a particle introducing the so-called ‘potential complement’ (we refer to this as the ‘long potential’) and as a verbal (quasi-)suffix (the ‘short potential’), which indicates that the state of affairs denoted by the verb may happen. In this paper, we first offer a general introduction on dāk 得 in modern Cantonese, which we then compare with Mandarin de 得 and parallel acquisitive modals in Lao, Vietnamese, and Zhuang, also with a focus on their modal meanings. We will then provide a diachronic overview of Cantonese dāk 得 based on a sample of texts from the 19th and early 20th century written in Cantonese by Western scholars, missionaries, and officers. The historical Cantonese data will be analyzed and compared to the development of the cognate morpheme de 得 in mainstream Chinese written sources: because of the limited diachronic depth of Cantonese data, this is necessary to delve further into the history of this item and of the related constructions. We will argue that: a. all the contemporary Cantonese (and Mandarin) uses seem to derive from the attainment sense of postverbal de/dāk 得; b. the vast majority of possible word order configurations were attested at some point in the recorded history of Chinese, but there appear to be also some patterns which could be specific to Cantonese; c. there seems to be a (partial) structural and semantic split between the ‘short’ potential and the ‘long’ potential; d. the adverbial construction probably had a more straightforward development.
Good Bye Lenin Revisited: East-West Preferences Three Decades after German Reunification
Authors: Bondar Mariia , Fuchs-Schündeln Nicola
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we document that living under Communism versus Capitalism has lasting effects on preferences for a strong government. Relying on the natural experiment of German reunification and extending the analysis of Alesina and Fuchs-Schündeln (2007), we show that East Germans still have stronger preferences for redistribution than West Germans 27 years after reunification. While convergence of preferences occurs, the speed of convergence decreases significantly over time. Evidence from cohorts born after German reunification points towards significant intergenerational transmission of preferences.
Optimization of hydrothermal liquefaction process for bio-oil products from kitchen residue under subcritical conditions
Authors: Bai Jing , Li Hao , Ling Wenmeng , Zheng Peng , Li Pan , Chang Chun
Published: February 2023

In this work, the process parameters of batch hydrothermal liquefaction of kitchen residue were optimized with the yield of bio-oil as reference, including reaction temperature, residence time and initial pressure. According to the experimental results, the bio-oil yield of kitchen residue was the highest (39.73%) under the reaction conditions of 6 MPa, 300 °C and 30 min. The elemental content and components of bio-oil were characterized by organic element analyzer and gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. The surface and structural properties of biochar were detected and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope and surface area and porosity analyzer.
Jordanian nursing students’ engagement and satisfaction with e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: AlOsta Mohammad R. , Khalaf Inaam , Othman Elham H.
Published: February 2023

Background

Nursing education was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic as most institutions shifted to e-learning. The aim of the current study was to examine students’ engagement and satisfaction levels with e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A descriptive correlation design was used to guide this study. A voluntary response sampling method was used to recruit undergraduate nursing programs in Jordan. Data were collected using an electronic link to a self-reported questionnaire.

Results

A total of 1,562 undergraduate nursing students responded to the questionnaire. The study showed that most students have high engagement in the emotional, skills, and performance subscales and low engagement in the participation subscale. Further, they were moderately satisfied with e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions

Students identified several issues regarding their e-learning, which must be considered to improve their engagement and satisfaction. Further, the study revealed several shortcomings in preparing students to attend e-learning classes.
Beyond burnout: a four-year survey of osteopathic medical student mental health and the implications for the development of wellness and mental health programs
Authors: Ley Alyse Folino , Han Joan J. , Hare Emma , Sikorskii Alla , Taylor John R. , Shahed Arpon , Guro Celia
Published: February 2023

Context

The mental health crisis in medicine cannot be explained by burnout alone. Physicians are not immune to this crisis and are known to have higher rates of suicide and depression than the general population. A high prevalence of mental health symptoms has been observed in early medical training.

Objectives

This study was completed to characterize medical students’ mental well-being and provide guidance for timely intervention.

Methods

An annual prospective, voluntary, anonymous, cross-sectional survey of medical students was completed over a 4-year period in medical school from 2016 to 2019. The survey was created based on standardized psychiatric screening tools assessing symptoms of depression, anxiety, burnout, and sleep problems. In each of those years, 1,257 (2016), 1,254 (2017), 1,221 (2018), and 1,220 (2019) enrolled students, respectively, were invited to participate. Data on students’ mental health were analyzed in relation to their year of school separately for each survey year utilizing SAS 9.4.

Results

A total of 973 students in 2016, 889 students in 2017, 547 students in 2018, and 606 students in 2019 participated in the study. For depression and burnout subscales, an increase in symptom scores were observed every survey year (2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019) by the second or third year of medical school with a clinically significant effect size. Persistently high levels of anxiety were observed throughout medical school, with significant increases after the first year noted in the 2016 and 2017 surveys, but not in the 2018 or 2019 surveys. Similarly, significant changes in sleep disturbance were found in the 2016 and 2017 surveys, but not in 2018 or 2019.

Conclusions

Symptoms of burnout, depression, and anxiety were observed throughout all four years of medical school, with increases starting after the first year. Early intervention is needed to support students’ mental health and increase access to care and resources.
Heat transfer analysis of the MHD stagnation-point flow of third-grade fluid over a porous sheet with thermal radiation effect: An algorithmic approach
Authors: Ali Amjad , Bukhari Zainab , Amjad Muhammad , Ahmad Sohail , Jamshed Wasim , El Din Sayed M.
Published: February 2023

The present article aims to investigate the impacts of the thermal radiation and Lorentz force on the stagnation-point flow of third-grade liquid over a porous stretching sheet with suction. The governing equations are transformed using the similarity transformation. The resulting system of ordinary differential equations is solved using a “so-called” hybrid algorithm based on the finite difference method and the shooting method. The influence of the emerging parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles is analyzed. The results are shown in graphical and tabular forms. For the third-grade liquid flow, the velocity profile shows an inciting trend toward the Hartman number (magnetic parameter). The temperature profile shows a declining trend toward the Prandtl number and suction velocity, whereas an inciting trend towards the radiation parameter.
Physicochemical assessment and insilico studies on the interaction of 5-HT2c receptor with herbal medication bioactive compounds used in the treatment of premature ejaculation
Authors: Aghanwa Charles I. , Ekpunobi Uche E. , Ogbuagu Adaora
Published: February 2023

Premature ejaculation (PE) affects one in every four men around the world, and there is no known cure for this sexual dysfunction. Many non-herbal and herbal medications are prescribed for their treatment, some of which have not been thoroughly evaluated for their efficacy and role in the body. Premature ejaculation herbal treatment medication produced in Abia State, Nigeria, were analysed for its efficacy using Fluoxetine as a compared compound, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in the treatment of PE. The herbal drugs were analysed using both classical and spectroscopic methods for the determination of its proximate content, phytochemical analysis, heavy metals concentrations and bioactive compounds. The interactions with the 5-HT2c serotonin receptors were investigated using in silico computational analysis, molecular docking, and pharmacokinetic properties of the selected compounds with ADMET screening. The availability of important phytochemicals such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins was recorded, and the proximate content values were within the recommended ranges. Heavy metals such as Pb (46 mg/kg), Cd (22 mg/kg), Ni (35 mg/kg), and Mn (132 mg/kg) were found in excess of the recommended limits. Fifty-one compounds were discovered in the herbal drug samples, which were then screened for drug-ability using the Lipinski rule. In this study, six (6) compounds with the highest binding affinities among the compounds under investigation were reported. All six compounds were found to have binding affinity scores ranging from −7.5 kcal/mol to −10.5 kcal/mol. Their interactions in the active sites of the target receptors were with amino acids residues like ASP 134, VAL 135, SER 138, VAL 208, PHE 327, VAL 354, TRY 358, PHE 328, GLY 218, ASN 331, ALA 222, and LEU 350 sharing hydrophobic and electrostatic bonds. The study predicted the ADMET properties of the compounds under investigation and discovered that some of them had good pharmacokinetic properties and CYP2C19 enzyme inhibitory potential. This research suggests that these compounds could be active ingredients in herbal medications used to treat premature ejaculation. However, after using this medication, serum concentrations of patients can be measured to further assess its efficacy.
The advent of phyllobilins as bioactive phytochemicals – natural compounds derived from chlorophyll in medicinal plants and food with immunomodulatory activities
Authors: Vollmar Angelika M. , Moser Simone
Published: February 2023

The degradation of the green plant pigment chlorophyll has fascinated chemists and biologists alike over the last few decades. Bioactivities of the compounds formed in this biochemical degradation pathway, however, have only come to light recently. These natural compounds that are formed from chlorophyll during plant senescence are now called phyllobilins. In this review, we shortly discuss chlorophyll degradation and outline the so-far known bioactivities of selected phyllobilins (phylloleucobilin, dioxobilin-type phylloleucobilin, and phylloxanthobilin), and we also highlight the recently discovered immunomodulatory effects of a yellow phylloxanthobilin.
Beste Bedingungen für junge Ökonominnen und Ökonomen?
Authors: Bayer Christian , Englmaier Florian , Riphahn Regina T. , Schmidt-Dengler Philipp , Sondergeld Virginia , Sureth-Sloane Caren , v. Wangenheim Jonas , Weizsäcker Georg
Published: February 2023

Der Verein für Socialpolitik hat zur Bearbeitung seines Schwerpunktthemas „Nachwuchs“ für die Dauer der Kalenderjahre 2021–2022 eine Arbeitsgruppe eingerichtet – im Folgenden: AG Nachwuchs –, deren Aufgabe das Vorlegen eines umfassenden Berichts zur Situation der VWL-Promovierenden und -PostDocs im DACH-Raum ist. Gestützt auf Datenerhebungen und strukturierte Interviews formuliert die AG Nachwuchs in diesem Bericht zwei Empfehlungen, jeweils eine für den Doc- und den PostDoc-Bereich. Sie empfiehlt im PostDoc-Bereich, dass die Fakultäten bzw. verwandte VWL-Einrichtungen den Übergang zu Tenure-Track beschleunigen und ihn durch eine systematische Planung der Zahlenverhältnisse zwischen den Karrierestufen bei ihrem wissenschaftlichen Personal begleiten. Dadurch sollen bessere Karriereperspektiven erreicht werden. Sowohl die befragten Nachwuchskräfte als auch die befragten Professor:innen und Programmleitungen betonen die Thematik der Stellenperspektiven stark. Im Doc-Bereich dokumentieren die Erhebungsdaten eine überraschend geringe Zufriedenheit der VWL-Promovierenden mit der Betreuungssituation durch die Professorenschaft. Die AG Nachwuchs empfiehlt daher eine höhere Betreuungsdichte und eine stärkere Vernetzung von Promovierenden. Weitere Hilfestellungen für Promovierende können in Mehrfach- oder Teambetreuungen sowie in der Bereitstellung von Informationen über die Vielfalt möglicher Karrierewege bestehen.
The Association Between Physical Function and Hyperkyphosis in Older Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Roghani Tayebeh , Allen Diane D. , Gladin Amy , Rahimi Alireza , Mehrabi Marziyeh , Rezaeian Zahra Sadat , Farajzadegan Ziba , Katzman Wendy B.
Published: February 2023

Background and Purpose:

Thoracic hyperkyphosis may adversely influence physical function in older adults, but the literature is mixed and confounded by possible sex differences. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between hyperkyphosis and physical function in older females.

Methods:

Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, and PEDro databases were searched through 2021 for studies that included measures of thoracic hyperkyphosis and physical function with extractable data for women older than 60 years. Studies were excluded if they were qualitative, case reports, case series, ecological studies, reviews, or were not published in English. The study quality and risk of bias were assessed using checklists from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Data were synthesized using Cohen’s d effect size and 95% confidence interval (CI), and random-effects models were used for the meta-analyses.

Results and Discussion:

Three cohort and 22 cross-sectional studies of fair to good quality met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies reporting single-group data showed a moderate association between greater kyphosis angles and lower physical function (d = −0.57; 95% CI −0.73, −0.40). Fourteen studies reporting 2-group data showed a large negative effect on physical function for groups with greater kyphosis angles (d = −1.16; 95% CI −1.53, −0.78). Three studies that reported multivariate data also tended to show negative associations between physical function and hyperkyphosis. Limitations include a relative lack of causal evidence; confirming causation requires additional longitudinal studies. Studies have assessed various physical function categories, including strength, gait, and balance. Future studies could determine the categories of function most affected so that preventive interventions could target hyperkyphosis appropriately.

Conclusions:

Hyperkyphosis was associated with lower physical function in older women. Three cohort studies suggest that greater kyphosis angles may predict greater loss of physical function over time. These results imply that therapies that help to minimize hyperkyphosis may help preserve function in older women.
Screening for Osteoporosis Risk Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wingood Mariana , Criss Michelle G. , Irwin Kent E. , Freshman Christina , Phillips Emma L. , Dhaliwal Puneet , Chui Kevin K.
Published: February 2023

Background and Purpose:

Due to potential health-related consequences of osteoporosis (OP), health care providers who do not order imaging, such as physical therapists, should be aware of OP screening tools that identify individuals who need medical and rehabilitation care. However, current knowledge and guidance on screening tools is limited. Therefore, we explored OP screening tools that are appropriate and feasible for physical therapy practice, and evaluated tools' effectiveness by examining their clinimetric properties.

Methods:

A systematic search of the following databases was performed: PubMed, PEDro, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Articles were included if the study population was 50 years and older, had a diagnosis of OP, if the screening tool was within the scope of physical therapy practice, and was compared to either a known diagnosis of OP or bone densitometry scan results. Included articles underwent multiple reviews for inclusion and exclusion, with each review round having a different randomly selected pair of reviewers. Data were extracted from included articles for participant demographics, outcome measures, cut-off values, and clinimetric properties. Results were categorized with positive and negative likelihood ratios (+LR/−LR) based on the magnitude of change in the probability of having or not having OP.

Results:

+LRs ranged from 0.15 to 20.21, with the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) having a large shift in posttest probability. −LRs ranged from 0.03 to 1.00, with the FRAX, Male Osteoporosis Risk Estimation Scores, Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool (OST), and Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation having a large shift in posttest probability.

Conclusion:

Tools with moderate-large shift for both +LR and −LR recommended for use are: (1) OST; (2) FRAX; and (3) SOF. The variability in cut-off scores and clinimetric properties based on gender, age, and race/ethnicities made it impossible to provide one specific recommendation for an OP screening tool. Future research should focus on OP risk prediction among males and racial and ethnic groups.
Numerical Simulation of Fatigue Behavior of Four Ti2AlNb Alloy Structural Parts
Authors: Zhu Zhenyu , Hao Wenfeng , Wu Weiguo
Published: February 2023

In aerospace engineering, many titanium alloy structures are subjected to fatigue loads and thus fail. Based on the Seeger fatigue life theory and the improved Lemaitre damage evolution theory, the fatigue behavior of four Ti2AlNb alloys is investigated. First, finite element models of four structural parts are established by ABAQUS software. Meanwhile, the fatigue life of four Ti2AlNb alloys is predicted by referring to the damage model parameters determined by previous work. Under the same initial conditions, the average errors of the predicted fatigue lives of the four structural parts are 20.1, 19.8, 20.9, and 19.5 %, respectively. The effects of load amplitude, temperature, and structural characteristics on the fatigue properties of Ti2AlNb alloy structural parts are studied. The stability of the two fatigue life simulation methods is analyzed. By comparing fatigue data of Ti2AlNb structural parts from various literature, the rationality of the simulated data is confirmed. Finally, the application of the Ti2AlNb structural fatigue database to machine learning is illustrated. These results provide a numerical simulation method for evaluating the fatigue life of various Ti2AlNb alloy aviation structural parts.
Effectiveness of Oral Fluid in Pathogenic Surveillance of Acute Respiratory Infection
Authors: Qi Huang , Jingyi Sun , Mei Dong , Jinxiang Wang , Yanfei Huang , Xiali Yu , Jianping Dong , Fangyao Liu , Lin Zou , Hui Xie , Fang Huang
Published: February 2023

Objective:

Oral fluid (OF) is a new safe, non-invasive, convenient, and efficient biological sample that can be used for virus nucleic acid and antibody detection. Because few studies have performed surveillance of multiple respiratory pathogens, this study sought to explore the application value of OF in this field.

Methods:

OF and throat swabs were collected from December 2020 to December 2021 in patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Beijing. Multiplex real-time PCR was performed, and the detection performance of two samples was compared.

Results:

A total of 769 OF and throat swab samples were collected. The detection rates of respiratory pathogens in throat swabs and OF were 29.26% (225/769) and 20.81% (160/769), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the OF assay, compared with the throat swab assay, were 71.11% (160/225) and 100% (544/544), respectively. The two assays had excellent agreement (kappa = 0.78). The detection consistency varied among pathogens. For OF samples, the most common pathogen was the influenza B virus, and the highest detection rate was in the ≤5-year-old group. The highest positivity rate was observed in December 2021.

Conclusion:

OF samples have excellent potential for the epidemiological surveillance of respiratory pathogens, and may have application prospects in preventing and controlling infectious diseases.
E. Coli detection using surface plasmon resonance
Authors:   National Institute R&D of Optoelectronics, INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor str., PO BOX MG. 5, 77125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania, Baschir L. , Miclosa S. ,   National Institute R&D of Optoelectronics, INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor str., PO BOX MG. 5, 77125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania, Savastru D. ,   National Institute R&D of Optoelectronics, INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor str., PO BOX MG. 5, 77125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania, Popescu A. A. ,   National Institute R&D of Optoelectronics, INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor str., PO BOX MG. 5, 77125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
Published: February 2023

The high sensitivity of chalcogenide surface plasmon resonance (SPR) structures with chalcogenide films is fructified to elaborate the salinity sensor for the seawater. A four layers configuration was taken into consideration, comprising a BK7 prism, a gold thin film, a chalcogenide As2S3 film and the ambient medium, which is the β-Galactosidase solution. The transfer matrix formalism was used in our study to determine the reflectances characterizing the plasmonic structure. The two polarization modes (TE and TM) were taken into consideration, in order to determine the best configuration that allows an optimal sensitivity. The structure used as optical sensor has a high sensitivity. A 0.05 % change in concentration causes an 18-arc seconds change in plasmonic resonance incident angle and it can be resolved.
Diagnostics of zinc selenite plasma produced by FHG of a Q-switchedND: YAGlaser
Authors:   University of Baghdad, College of Science for woman, Iraq, Abdaalameer N. Kh. , Mazhir S. N. ,   University of Baghdad, College of Science for woman, Iraq, Aadim K. A. ,   University of Baghdad, College of Science, Iraq
Published: February 2023

We presented the OES studies of the Zinc Selenite ZnSe plasma produced by the FHG (1064nm) of a Q-switched ND: YAG laser. The target material was placed in front of laser beam in air at atmospheric pressure. the experimentally observed line profiles of zinc (ZnI) have been used to extract the Te using the Boltzmann plot method. Whereas, the ne has been determined from the Stark broadening method using the Zinc (Zn I) line. And it is calculated ωp, λd and Nd. The Te is calculated by varying the laser energy at (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500) mJ. It is observed that Te , ne and ωp increases as laser energy is increased while λd and Nd decreases as laser energy increased.
Effect of Defecation Delay in Patients After Tricuspid Valve Replacement: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Qian , Li Ning , Qin Ming , Xu Xiangyang , Zhong Keng , Lu Fanglin , Li Bailing , Han Lin , Xu Zhiyun
Published: February 2023

Background: Defecation delay is a common symptom in patients after tricuspid valve replacement (TVR). Previous studies have demonstrated that defecation delay was associated with worse clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. Our study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of defecation delay in patients after TVR and its adverse clinical outcomes.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 206 patients undergoing TVR under cardiopulmonary bypass from May 2005 to July 2021. According to the first postoperative defecation time after surgery, patients were divided into the delayed group (>3 days) and control group (≤3 days). Baseline characteristics and preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected to investigate the clinical outcomes of defecation delay.
Results: Among the 206 patients, 51.9% (107/206) cases were classified into the defecation delay group. Univariate analysis showed that age (P = 0.043), preoperative platelets (PLT) (P < 0.001), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (P = 0.013), minimum rectal temperature (P = 0.042), and the use of prokinetic drugs (P = 0.015) were significantly different in the two groups. In addition, the perioperative adverse events in the defecation delay group were significantly higher than that of the control group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the mortality of patients was associated with postoperative renal dysfunction (P = 0.047) and postoperative respiratory failure (P = 0.004) but was not associated with defecation delay (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Patients with defecation delay after TVR were more likely to appear adverse events, however, defecation delay was not associated with mortality after TVR.
A Retrospective Multicenter Experience: Does Packing the Surgical Field Help to Stop Bleeding After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed , Yehia Ahmed , Toema Ahmed
Published: February 2023

Background: Intractable bleeding after cardiac surgery is a well-documented complication. When conservative measures fail to control bleeding, re-exploration is required, and, in some cases, chest packing may be needed.
Methods: The study included 148 patients admitted to eight cardiac surgery centers in Egypt with severe postoperative bleeding. All patients underwent chest re-exploration and chest packing to control postoperative bleeding.
Results: The mean age was 62.7 ± 5.6 years. Their mean BMI was 27.1 ± 3.9 kg/m2. One-hundred-ten (74.3%) of included patients were hypertensive, while 49 (33.1%) patients were diabetic. Twenty-seven (18.2%) patients had initially had a triple valve replacement. Sepsis was prevalent among 31 (20.9%) of included patients. Twenty (13.5%) patients died.
Conclusion: Intractable bleeding is a well-documented complication following cardiac surgery. Chest re-exploration is required in certain situations when the traditional conservative options fail to stop bleeding. Chest packing is a modality that can be considered to control bleeding in certain situations.