bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Becoming a Caterpillar: A Multimodal Perspective on Metamorphosis in Butoh Dance
Authors: Esposito Paola , Dziala Dariusz
Published: September 2021

Butoh is a dance and somatic movement approach that emerged in Japan in the 1960s and today is practiced around the world. Due to its stylistic idiosyncrasies and lack of a formalised movement vocabulary, butoh is often referred to among its practitioners and in the literature as an indeterminate or ‘formless’ dance. While ‘metamorphosis’ has been recognised as butoh’s core aesthetic trait (Fraleigh 2010; Baird and Candelario 2019), what this entails in practice has been little explored.This video article examines metamorphosis in butoh dance from a sensory anthropology perspective which attends to the micro-phenomenological dimensions of the practice. The author, a dancer-anthropologist, focuses on a practice of ‘becoming a caterpillar’ that she learnt at a butoh workshop given by Semimaru of the company Sankai Juku in London in 2014. Through a praxeography of selected exercises, integrated by a somatic or ‘from the body’ perspective (Farnell 1999), the author argues that the same techniques ‘scaffold’ (Downey 2004) metamorphosis by emphasising fluidity of bodily movement as well as the ‘isolation’ of body parts. Perceptual aspects of the practice are explored and reflected upon multimodally through a combination of textual, graphic, dance, and performance reenactments. Responding to ongoing debates on the value of integrating multimodality in anthropological research, practice and dissemination of scholarship, the article proposes that multimodality can extend the conceptual and methodological reach into experiential dimensions of bodily practice by foregrounding both sensory and imaginal aspects of doing.Drawing on anthropological studies of perception in ritual action, the video article argues that butoh metamorphosis relies on a principle of ‘illusion’ whereby a change in the dancer’s kinetic organisation engenders a visual impression of their bodies transforming into something else. This metamorphic logic is by no means exclusive to butoh but is found in other styles of performance, including puppet theatre. Kapferer’s (2004) notion of virtuality is mobilised here to highlight how the reconfiguring of perceptual patterns through performative action can effect transformation by means of ‘modulating reality’ and ‘adjusting its dynamics’.As shown by the example of the caterpillar, in butoh dance the transformation is double: on the optical and imaginal level of the dancer’s bodily form, as coinciding with a ‘view from the outside’, and on the somatic level of the practitioner’s lived body as experienced ‘from the inside’. It is further argued that a butoh dancer’s propension to somatically relate to imaginal dimensions of the practice relies on the phenomenological principle of sensory reversibility, whereby tactility-kinaesthesia ‘merges’ with the sense of vision.
Diagnóstico da fertilidade dos solos da mesorregião de Marau-RS
Authors: Burille Simone , Machado Rafael Goulart
Published: September 2021

Algumas inovações como o melhoramento genético, o controle de pragas e doenças, são apenas alguns exemplos de tecnologias que estão sendo empregadas na agricultura. No mesmo sentido, muitos estudos vêm sendo realizados sobre a fertilidade dos solos cultivados e sobre a interferência do mesmo na nutrição e produtividade das plantas. Outro fator importante que vem contribuindo é o diagnóstico dos produtores agrícolas sobre a fertilidade dos solos e também sobre as reais necessidades nutricionais das plantas. Diante deste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo, analisar a fertilidade dos solos da Mesorregião do município de Marau, pela interpretação de análises de solos e também diagnosticar o uso de fertilizantes e corretivos nos cultivos. Para isso foram utilizadas análises químicas de solos e aplicou-se questionários aos produtores. Conclui-se que a maioria dos produtores conhece a real importância da análise de solo, porém nem todos a utiliza em tomadas de decisões referentes à adubação das lavouras. Os teores de cálcio (Ca) e magnésio (Mg) encontram-se altos, porém, em alguns casos, o baixo pH e o teor de potássio (K) abaixo do nível crítico são fatores limitantes de altas produtividades.
Benefícios da tecnologia CLOUD (nuvem) para virtualização de serviços: um estudo para a ferramenta IDEAWARE
Authors: Martins Natália Werkhausen , Helfer Dantom Guilherme , Kipper Liane Mahlmann , Frozza Rejane
Published: September 2021

Novas tendências de negócios e formas de trabalho emergem conforme a evolução das tecnologias. Uma dessas tecnologias refere-se à virtualização de serviços, que é uma ferramenta disponibilizada pela computação em nuvem, que traz ganhos, principalmente, em competitividade. Desenvolvido por um grupo de pesquisa da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), o IdeiaWare é uma ferramenta de gerenciamento de ideias voltada, principalmente, ao desenvolvimento e inovação de produtos e serviços. A base de dados do software está hospedada em um servidor local na própria universidade e pode ser acessada via um endereço web. Hipóteses de disponibilizar o serviço na nuvem foram consideradas, mas questões como vantagens e segurança surgiram como dúvidas para tal proposta. Sendo assim, esse trabalho realizou uma pesquisa na base de dados Scopus, com os termos “virtualização de serviços”, “nuvem” e “segurança”, com o intuito de responder tais questionamentos. Como resultados dos estudos realizados, as vantagens de disponibilizar o serviço na Nuvem são: redução de custos, grande área de cobertura e serviço sob demanda. Também são destacadas maneiras de proteção de dados, de acordo com os trabalhos estudados.
Procedure for Seeding Cells on the Disque Platform v1
Authors: Anthony Jones* Peter , Yang* Kisuk , M Karp Jeffrey
Published: September 2021

Advances in treating β cell loss include islet replacement therapies or increasing cell proliferation rate in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We previously developed a proliferation-inducing prodrug (ZnPD6) that targets the high concentration of zinc ions in β cells, and which exhibits a 2.4-fold increase in β cell proliferation compared to the DYRK1A inhibitor harmine. These prodrugs were identified through screening on the Disque Platform (DP)—a high-fidelity culture system where stem cell–derived β cells are reaggregated into thin, 3D discs within 2D 96-well plates that mimic in vivo conditions. The Disque Platform allows for the formation of 3D micro-tissues within an automation-friendly design, and is capable of systematically manipulating the cell niche in order to identify chemical and physical cues that enhanceβcell proliferation. The Disque Platform better replicates the zinc content of native islets, enabling for the screening of zinc-activated prodrugs whose activity cannot be detected in 2D culture systems, which typically display a markedly lowered zinc content. The Disque Platform is a reliable screening platform that bridges the advantages of 2D and 3D culture systems and responds to interventions when conventional systems cannot produce a clear signal or readout. Here we describe a standard protocol for the formation of 3D micro-tissues in the Disque Platform.
MiniXT protocol v1
Authors: Fuchs Marc-Aurel , Mahesh Arun , Radulescu Clara , Lavin Deborah , Rogan Fiona , Miskelly Julia , Bridgett Stephen , Simpson David
Published: September 2021

We present the ‘mini-XT’ miniaturized tagmentation-based library preparation protocol used for Illumina WGS of SARS-CoV-2 positive samples. Reverse transcription and amplification is based upon the nCoV-2019 sequencing protocol v3 (LoCost)V.3 by Josh Quick. The key new feature of the protocol is the use of acoustic liquid transfer to automate and reduce volumes during library preparation. It is optimized for the sequencing of 384 samples, offering reduced consumable use and costs and improved throughput.
Assay for dual cargo sorting into endoplasmic reticulum exit sites imaged by Super-resolution Confocal Live Imaging Microscopy (SCLIM) v1
Authors: Rodriguez-Gallardo † Sofia , Kurokawa †* Kazuo , Sabido-Bozo Susana , Cortes-Gomez Alejandro , Maria Perez-Linero Ana , Aguilera-Romero Auxiliadora , Lopez Sergio , Waga Miho , Nakano Akihiko , Muñiz Manuel
Published: September 2021

Understanding how in eukaryotic cells thousands of proteins are sorted from each other through the secretory pathway and delivered to their correct destinations is a central issue of cell biology. We have further investigated in yeast how two distinct types of cargo proteins are sorted into different endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites (ERES) for their differential ER export to the Golgi apparatus. We used an optimized protocol that combines a live cell dual-cargo ER export system with a 3D simultaneous multi-color high-resolution live cell microscopy called Super-resolution Confocal Live Imaging Microscopy (SCLIM). Here, we describe this protocol, which is based on the reversible ER retention of two de novo co-expressed cargos by blocking COPII function upon incubation of the thermo-sensitive COPII allele sec31-1 at restrictive temperature (37ºC). ER export is restored by shifting down to permissive temperature (24ºC) and progressive incorporation of the two different types of cargos into the fluorescently labeled ERES can be then simultaneously captured at 3D high spatial resolution by SCLIM microscopy. By using this protocol, we have shown that newly synthesized glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins having a very long chain ceramide lipid moiety are clustered and sorted into specialized ERES that are distinct from those used by transmembrane secretory proteins. Furthermore, we showed that the chain length of the ceramide is critical for this sorting selectivity. Therefore, thanks to the presented method we could obtain the first direct in vivo evidence for lipid chain length-based protein cargo sorting into selective ERES.
Effect of Bocce Game on Perceptual Motor Ability and Object Control among Adolescents with Mental Retardation
Authors: Badruzaman B
Published: September 2021

The study investigated the effect of the Bocce game on developing perceptual-motor ability and object control of adolescents with mental retardation. The subjects of the research were 15 adolescents with moderate Mental Retardation status (Age =16.4±1.59; IQ 54±.5). The study used a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pre-test post-test design. The analysis was conducted by using a T-test. The instrument used in this study was an observation employing an observation checklist adapted from Gallahue’s (1982) assessment checklist to measure perceptual-motor ability. A test was also employed to measure object control, including an underhand roll ball (grounder) test on the target using a Bocce ball with a 4-meter distance. The intervention of Bocce Game was given for 12 sessions. Each session lasted for 2 hours, 3 days per week. The statistical analysis showed the significant effect of the Bocce game on developing perceptual-motor ability (2.73 2.145) and object control (22.85 2.145). For that reason, it concludes that there is a significant effect of the Bocce game on perceptual-motor ability and object control of adolescents with mental retardation.
International cooperation in a non-ideal world: the example of COVAX
Authors: Luna Florencia , Holzer Felicitas
Published: September 2021

The world witnessed one of the fasted responses in history to a new disease in terms of drug and vaccine development. However, despite the fact that safe and effective vaccines for COVID-19 were developed at a remarkable pace, international cooperation seems to have failed regarding the global equitable allocation of vaccines. This article explores challenges to international cooperation in global health and specifically to the fair allocation of vaccines at a global scale. We will present major obstacles to cooperative efforts and an interesting answer such as the COVAX facility, a cooperative redistribution scheme that has recently been launched by WHO, CEPI and Gavi. Considering COVAX a laudable and necessary first step to improve international cooperation in health, we nevertheless argue that the facility needs to identify key areas of potential improvement.
Scientists under the societal microscope: challenges to research integrity
Authors: Carvalho Ana Sofia
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 promises to reshape every aspect of society, not excluding how science is perceived. However, it is not clear whether the authority of science and scientists will be enhanced or diminished, or whether such changes will affect mainly science as an endeavour or scientists as individuals. The aim of this paper is to analyze how a pandemic like COVID-19 could undermined the confidence in science and scientist and, to underline now, more than ever, the importance of trust in science and in scientists. Two main issues will be analyzed: first, we will analyze how putting science and scientists in the spotlight could impact science and scientists and, secondly, we will go through the history of COVID treatment and research to anticipate how misconduct and breaches on responsible conduct in research could undermine trust in science with serious risks and consequences.
A crise pandémica a vários ritmos
Authors: Dias Pereira André , Patrão Neves Maria do Céu
Published: September 2021

18 months after the start of the global pandemic, sparks of hope can be glimpsed thanks to the discovery of the vaccine and the vaccination process, both conducted in record time, in the most developed countries; at the same time, the horizon is obscured by shadows that constitute the world's iniquity in access to inoculation. And even in the most developed countries, especially at the individual level, there are signs of concern such as the eventually excessive and disproportionate measures to combat the pandemic, perhaps accompanied by feelings of resignation in relation to the various prohibitions and interference in the right to private and family life which, overall, puts a great test to the western democratic and liberal tradition. It is important to conduct a bioethical reflection, characterized by the rigor of information, by a reinforced respect for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and by the fulfillment of the principles and values ​​enshrined in the UNESCO Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Bioethics, with a view to contributing for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Education and “Categorical Inequalities’’: Manifestation of Segregation in Six Country Contexts in Europe
Authors: Akkan Başak , Buğra Ayşe
Published: September 2021

This article deals with the educational arrangements and the multiple inequalities that they reproduce from a comparative perspective. Drawing on a qualitative study conducted in six countries (Austria, Hungary, Netherlands, Portugal, Turkey, and the UK) as part of a multinational research project concerning justice in Europe, the article explores the mechanisms through which education sustains and reproduces “categorical inequalities.” Although equal access to education is granted by constitutional laws as well as by incorporation of international treaties in the national legal frameworks, it is commonly the educational arrangements that identify the features of access to good quality education in a given context. Dealing with different country cases that have their path dependencies in the arrangements of education, the article provides insights on understanding how different features of segregation in education operate as mechanisms of exclusion for students from a disadvantaged background. Hence, the disadvantages manifest themselves concerning socio‐economic status, ethnicity, race, and minority background. By focusing on the country‐based debates around school segregation, which goes together with the segregated character of urban settings and school choice patterns, the article shows how the institutional context with or without residency‐based registration rules and different types of schools with different resources perpetuate multiple inequalities. In a context where educational arrangements operate as a mechanism of sustaining categorical inequalities, identity‐based differences, combined with economic disadvantages lead to a situation where students from vulnerable and minority groups face multiple forms of exclusion.
Study Preparation of Refugees in Germany: How Teachers’ Evaluative Practices Shape Educational Trajectories
Authors: Schröder Stefanie
Published: September 2021

Recent research shows that a remarkable share of refugees who have arrived in Germany over the past few years is highly qualified and has strong educational and academic aspirations. Preparatory colleges (Studienkollegs) and language courses of higher education institutions are the two main organisations providing obligatory study preparation for non‐EU international study applicants in Germany, including an increasing number of refugees. So far, research on conditions for refugees’ successful transitions into and through study preparation, and eventually into higher education, is scarce. The article fills a research gap on the organisational level by considering the established norms and rules of study preparation organisations and the key role of teachers in shaping successful pathways into higher education. Based on central concepts deriving from the sociology of valuation and evaluation, categorisation, and evaluative repertoires, the article aims to illustrate the organisational norms and rules in play shaping teachers’ experiences and perceptions of their students’ ability to study. The qualitative analysis of seven expert interviews shows how teachers differentiate between students with and without a refugee background in terms of performance and reveals opportunities and constraints to take refugees’ resources and needs in study preparation programmes into account.
Mission Accomplished? Critique, Justification, and Efforts to Diversify Gifted Education
Authors: Böker Arne
Published: September 2021

Research on gifted education demonstrates how these programs contribute globally to the reproduction of social inequalities. Despite these findings, gifted education has been remarkably successful in the 21st century. However, the need to equate the inclusion of women, first‐generation students, and students with a migration background in gifted education has simultaneously intensified. Both developments are embedded in profound transformations of the education system globally, especially in the social diversification of student populations and the concurrent demand for excellence in academic research. The German Academic Scholarship Foundation (Studienstiftung) is the largest gifted education program in Germany and one of the oldest worldwide. In recent years, the Studienstiftung has tried to diversify their students. Based on a discourse analysis, which uses the concepts of justification, critique, and regimes of justification, I examine official documents of the Studienstiftung between 1925 and 2018. In doing so, I show that the spirit of the Studienstiftung and their handling of social statistics raise doubts concerning the successful diversification of their students—as the Studienstiftung has claimed. Finally, I discuss several measures that might be useful to support social diversification in gifted education in the future.
The New European Political Arithmetic of Inequalities in Education: A History of the Present
Authors: Normand Romuald
Published: September 2021

The article describes the emergence and development of positive epistemology and quantification tools in the dynamics of inequalities in education. It contributes to a history of the present at a time when datafication and experimentalism are reappearing in educational policies to justify the reduction of inequalities across international surveys and randomised controlled trials. This socio‐history of metrics also sheds light on transformations about relationships historically established between the welfare state and education that have shaped the representation of inequalities and social programs in education. The use of large‐scale surveys and controlled experiments in social and educational policies developed in the 1920s and 30s, even if their methods and techniques have become more sophisticated due to statistical progress. However, statistical reasoning is today no less persuasive in justifying the measurement of student skills and various forms of state intervention for “at‐risk” children and youth. With the rise of international organisations, notably the European Commission, demographic issues related to school population and the reduction of inequalities have shifted. It is less a question of selecting the most talented or gifted among working‐class students than of investing in human capital from early childhood to improve the education systems’ performance and competitiveness for the lifelong learning economy and European social investment strategy. This article attempts to illustrate this new arithmetic of inequalities in education at the European level.
The Politics of Inequalities in Education: Exploring Epistemic Orders and Educational Arrangements of Durable Disadvantaging
Authors: Horvath Kenneth , Leemann Regula Julia
Published: September 2021

The durability of educational inequalities marks a key problem for research and politics alike. Why do unwanted patterns of social sorting and disadvantaging in education prove so persistent, despite decades of research, debates, and reforms? This thematic issue of Social Inclusion aims to further our understanding of the factors and mechanisms underlying this persistence by putting the manifold entanglements of politics, inequalities, and social research centre stage. The collected articles inquire into various facets of this interplay, from the history and politics of the statistical quantification of educational inequalities to the political embedding of everyday pedagogical practices. The contributions cover a wide range of fields and topics, from non‐formal education to school and higher education, from social selectivity in gifted education to subject formation in vocational education. Two strategic anchor points emerge from the collected articles for exploring and analyzing current arrangements of educational inequalities: (1) political and pedagogical epistemic orders and (2) educational arrangements that structure educational processes and situations. Ongoing social and political transformations—including the digitization and datafication of education and changing forms of governance—underline the pressing need for further research along these lines.
Fatores de risco dos beneficiários do gerenciamento clínico por telemonitoramento da saúde suplementar: estudo transversal
Authors: De Melo Aggio Cristiane , Do Carmo Fernandes Lourenço Haddad Maria
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência dos fatores de risco modificáveispara doença crônica não transmissível de beneficiários hipertensos e diabéticos. Método:Estudo transversal, de 2019, com dados do prontuário eletrônico de 109 adultos,independentes para as atividades cotidianas, do gerenciamento clínico portelemonitoramento de operadora de plano de saúde, Paraná-PR. Realizou‐se estatísticadescritiva, teste qui‐quadrado e regressão logística binária bruta. Resultados: Homenstiveram menor consumo inadequado de refrigerante (OR =0,37) e peso elevado comofator de risco (OR =3,57). Fatores de proteção dos adultos foram hipertensão arterial(OR =0,14) e boa prontidão para mudança comportamental (OR =0,21) e, dos idosos,hipertensão arterial concomitante ao diabetes mellitus (OR =0,16). Houve associaçãoentre idade, hipertensão arterial (p =0,001; OR =0,14; IC =0,04-0,51) e boa prontidãopara a mudança comportamental (p =0,023; OR =0,21; IC =0,06-0,76). Conclusão:Predominaram idosas com estilo de vida saudável, para as quais são recomendadasintervenções de prevenção secundária.
NUMERICAL SCHEME FOR CALCULATING THE BOUNDARY LAYER WHEN MODELING BY THE METHOD OF DISCRETE VORTICES
Authors: Dovgiy S. O. , Bulanchuk G. G. , Bulanchuk О. М.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a six-point finite-difference numerical scheme for calculating the Prandtl equation of a laminar boundary layer is proposed to determine the point of separation of flows with large Reynolds numbers when flowing around smooth bodies. The input data for this scheme are the results of modeling by the method of discrete vortices within the model of an ideal fluid. The velocity profile around the critical point is determined from the analytical solution. The resulting system of linear algebraic equations is solved by the run method. Because the coefficients of the system are nonlinear, the iteration method is used to find the solution. The thickness of the boundary layer is determined during the solution process. The point of separation and circulation of descending vortices is determined from the calculation of the boundary layer. Then at the point of separation the rise of several free vortices is modeled, the dynamics of which is modeled within the method of discrete vortices. The scheme was tested on the problem of the flow around the cylinder and showed good results in comparison with the experimental data and calculations of other authors.
Tepki Yüzey Metodolojisi Kullanarak Alüminyum Matrisli Kompozitlerin Aşınma Parametrelerinin Optimizasyonu
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Doğan
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada, mekanik alaşımlama yöntemiyle üretilen alüminyum matrisli kompozitlerin aşınma performansı incelenmiştir. Tepki Yüzey Metodolojisi (TYM) Merkezi Birleşik Tasarım (MBT) kullanılarak belirli sürtünme katsayına bağlı olarak aşınma parametreleri optimize edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Farklı takviye miktarlarıyla (%6 ve %12) üretilen kompozit malzemelerin aşınma testleri farklı yük (5 N, 10 N ve 20 N) ve farklı kayma hızlarında (0,2 ms-1, 0,4 ms-1 ve 0,6 ms-1) yapılmıştır. Aşınma test sonuçlarında, optimum aşınma parametrelerini belirlemek için ağırlık kaybı (düşük en iyi) ve sürtünme katsayısı 0,54 (en iyi) yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlarda, ağırlık kaybı için en etkili parametrenin takviye miktarı ve kayma hızına kıyasla yük olduğu görülmüştür. Sürtünme katsayısı için ise yük ve kayma hızına kıyasla takviye miktarı en etkili parametre olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen optimum parametreler ise 9,24 N yük, 0,6 ms-1 kayma hızı ve %12 takviye miktarı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen parametreler kullanılarak yapılan aşınma testlerinde, ağırlık kaybı 8,536 mg, sürtünme katsayısı 0,522 olarak elde edilmiştir.
International legal and national regulation of digital currency: the experience of China and the EU
Authors: Saliya M. R.
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the issue of legal regulation of the digital currency of central banks. The experience of international organizations, as well as the fi rst steps in this direction from China, represented by the People’s Bank of China and the European Union, represented by the European Central Bank, are examined.
Comparative analysis of the organization of the activitiesof law enforcement agencies of the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation
Authors: Mishakova N. V.
Published: September 2021

THE task of any state is to create a system of state bodies that will be able to function most effectively in order to streamline public relations and recognize a person, his rights and freedoms as the highest value. Such a task is only possible for a properly structured state system of law enforcement agencies. A comparative analysis of the organization of the activities of law enforcement agencies in Russia and China allows us to consider the issues of the identity of law enforcement agencies and the borrowing of international experience in the effective organization of law enforcement activities. Keywords : the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the legal system, law enforcement agencies, law enforcement activities, the People’s Republic of China, the Russian Federation.
Demography and reproductive rights: problems and prospects
Authors: Kruchinina N. V.
Published: September 2021

This article analyzes the demographic problems in Russia and PRC. It is concluded that the assisted reproductive technologies (In vitro fertilization, surrogacy, etc.) are effective methods of treating infertility, and thus partially settling those demographic problems. Different views on human rights of reproduction are analyzed. It justifi es the need to protect reproductive health. The number of cases of the use of assisted reproductive technologies in Russia and China is increasing. Legislation governing legal relations in this area needs further development.
China’s environmental miracle
Authors: Spiridonov D. V.
Published: September 2021

. The article is devoted to the analysis of China’s great breakthrough in the fi eld of environmental protection. In recent years, the country has made enormous efforts to help reduce the anthropogenic impact on the environment: it has become an advanced manufacturer of consumables in the fi eld of "green" energy, has included the environment in the strategic development plan, adjusted the tax system, which has allowed us to achieve great results and consider these large-scale transformations a real miracle, worthy of attention in the aspect of learning from experience.
About errors in the appointment of forensic medical examination in cases of crimes in the field of artificial human reproduction
Authors: Komissarova Ya. V.
Published: September 2021

It is impossible to establish the circumstances to be proved in the investigation of crimes related to medical errors without the use of special knowledge in the fi eld of forensic medicine. For the designated category of criminal cases, the expert opinion plays a key role in understanding the signs of the objective side of the crime. Unfortunately, in theory and in practice, there is still no uniform understanding of a number of concepts that are important for the development of a legally correct position by the parties to the prosecution and defense. This leads to problems when making procedural decisions by the investigation and the court, provokes public outrage. The article emphasizes that the experts make procedural, epistemological and activity errors in the production of all types of examinations. In relation to forensic medical expertise in cases of crimes in the fi eld of artifi cial human reproduction, some common errors that arise at the stage of formulating questions submitted for the expert’s permission are indicated. This study was carried out with the fi nancial support of the RFBR within the framework of scientifi c project No. 18-29-14084.
Omentoplasty in the treatment of bronchopleural fistula after pulmonary resections
Authors: ERDOĞU Volkan , AKER Cemal , PEKÇOLAKLAR Atilla , ERDUHAN Semih , AKSOY Yunus , İŞGÖRÜCÜ Özgür , METİN Muzaffer
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a complication that can occur after pulmonary resections onset may be early or late. This study aims to present our results using omentoplasty in the treatment of BPF.

Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the data of patients who developed BPF after pulmonary resection between 2010 and 2020. The results of the patients who underwent omentoplasty during surgical revision for BPF were analyzed in terms of surgical methods used, timing of the procedure, and surgical success.

Results: BPF formed in 52 (2.1%) of 2486 patients who underwent anatomical lung resection. Fourteen (26.9%) of the patients with BPF were treated with omentoplasty. All of the patients were men and the median age was 58 years (range, 27-75 years). Among the patients who underwent omentoplasty, the median time from pulmonary resection to BPF development was 22 days (range, 4-221 days). The median time from BPF development to omentoplasty was 9.5 days (range, 4-485 days). Seven (50%) of the patients developed BPF after pneumonectomy and the other 7 (50%) after lobectomy. Most post-pneumonectomy BPFs occurred after right pneumonectomy (n=6, 85.7%). BPF developing after right pneumonectomy constituted 43% of all BPFs (n=6). Surgical success was achieved in 13 (92.9%) of the 14 patients who underwent BPF closure with omentoplasty.

Conclusion: Omentoplasty has low complication and high success rates and can be used safely for the treatment of BPF.
Maternal plasma Elabela levels in intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: ALKAN BAYLAN Filiz , KARAKÜÇÜK Selim
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Elabela in the etiopathogenesis of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).

Materials and Methods: The present prospective study included 43 healthy pregnant women and 46 pregnant women with IUGR. Maternal serum were collected from the control group and IUGR group at time of delivery. Elabela levels were analyzed in maternal serum through ELISA method.

Results: Lower Elabela levels (IUGR: 1.09 (0.61-15.61) ng / mL and Control: 1.44 (0.37-31.33) ng / mL) were observed in IUGR patients compared to controls. Elabela levels were positively correlated with gestational week and neonatal weight. (r = 0.263, p = 0.013 and r = 0.259, respectively; p = 0.014).

Conclusion: The present study serves as the first study revealing the role of the decrease in Elabela in maternal serum on the etiopathogenesis of IUGR. This suggests that Elabela could be a potential drug target in cases with IUGR.
COVID-19 Pandemisi Dönemindeki Ev İçi Boş Zaman Aktivitelerinin Dijital Yansıması
Authors: GÜL ÜNLÜ Derya
Published: September 2021

Dünya genelinde yaşanan COVID-19 pandemisiyle birlikte alınan önlemler, bireylerin günlük yaşam
deneyimlerini farklılaşmıştır. Her yaştan bireyin daha izole bir yaşam sürdürmeye başladığı bu dönemde,
dijital iletişim araçları kullanıcılarını dış dünyaya bağlamış; günlük gelişmeleri takip etme, iş yapma,
eğitim alma gibi tüm faaliyetler dijital ortam üzerinden yürütülmeye başlanmıştır. Fiziki açıdan yalıtılmış
olan bireylerin günlük faaliyetlerden arta kalan boş zamanlarında ise, dijital ortam yine önemli bir rol
üstlenerek, gün boyu ev içerisinde vakit geçiren kullanıcıların, hem boş zaman aktiviteleri hakkında
fikir alabilmelerine hem de bu aktivitelerini duyurarak diğer kullanıcılarla paylaşabilmelerine olanak
sağlamıştır. Bu odak noktasından yola çıkan araştırma kapsamında da kullanıcıların dijital ortamda
karşılaştıkları çeşitli aktivite önerilerinden nasıl yararlandıklarının; kişisel boş zaman aktivitelerine ilişkin
duyuruları diğer kullanıcılarla nasıl paylaştıklarının ve söz konusu paylaşımlar üzerinden yeni bir sosyal
eğilimin ortaya çıkıp çıkmadığına ilişkin görüşlerinin ortaya koyulması hedeflenmektedir. Bu çerçevede
yarı yapılandırılmış yüz yüze derinlemesine görüşmeler aracılığıyla betimsel yönteme dayalı bir alan
araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sosyal medyayı aktif olarak kullanan 20 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilen
görüşmeler sonucunda, bireylerin boş zamanlarını değerlendirmek için yararlandıkları dijital ortam
paylaşımlarının kendisinin de bir aktivite olarak ortaya çıktığı, bunun için tercih edilen öncelikli mecranın
Instagram olduğu, yine karşılaşılan paylaşımlar üzerinden kişisel boş zaman aktivitesine dair fikir edinildiği
ve ev içi aktivite paylaşımlarının pandemi dönemine özgü bir paylaşım eğilimini beraberinde getirdiğinin
düşünüldüğü bulgulanmıştır.
Modeling path effects in three-dimensional basin structures
Authors: Graves Robert W. , Clayton Robert W.
Published: September 2021

Path effects for seismic wave propagation within three-dimensional (3-D) basin structures are analyzed using a reciprocal source experiment. In this experiment, a numerical simulation is performed in which a point source is excited at a given location and then the wave field is propagated and recorded throughout a 3-D grid of points. Using the principle of reciprocity, source and receiver locations are reversed. This allows the modeling of path effects into a particular observation site for all possible source locations using only one simulation. The numerical technique is based on the use of paraxial extrapolators and currently tracks only acoustic waves. However, the method is capable of handling arbitrary media variations; thus, effects due to focusing, diffraction, and the generation of multiple reflections and refractions are modeled quite well.

The application of this technique to model path effects for local earthquakes recorded at stations in the Los Angeles area of southern California indicates the strong influence of the 3-D crustal basins of this region on the propagation of seismic energy. The modeling results show that the Los Angeles, San Fernando, and San Gabriel basins create strong patterns of focusing and defocusing for paths into these stations from various source locations. These simulations correlate well with earthquake data recorded at both stations. By comparing these calculations with earthquake data, we can begin to evaluate the importance of these basin effects on observed patterns of strong ground motions.
Source parameter estimation for large, bermed, surface chemical explosions
Authors: Reamer Sharon K. , Stump Brian W.
Published: September 2021

Near-source accelerograms (0.2 to 2.0 km range) were acquired from a series of bermed surface charges (0.075 to 1.65 kilotons) detonated in alluvium at a test site near Yuma, Arizona. The areal extent of the explosion test beds (radii from 18 to 54 m) affords the unique opportunity to study wave propagation from and source parameters of large surface explosions at near-source ranges. P and SV-Rayleigh phases are identified using particle motions. Rayleigh waves at an intermediate range transition to a combination of higher mode and fundamental mode Rayleigh waves at the farthest range. The power law decay rates for body waves (radial at r−1.8 and vertical at r−1.4) and surface waves (radial at r−1.0 and vertical at r−0.8) are further indication of complex propagation effects in the shallow alluvial geology. As a result of this complexity and the two-orders-of-magnitude range of explosive yields available, seismic source parameters are obtained with full-waveform spectral ratios. Source corner frequency is proportional to the radius of the explosion test beds and long-period-level (relative moment) scales linearly with yield. Spectral ratio yield estimates using smaller explosions as standard or calibration events gave absolute yield estimates within 6 to 35% of the true yield with a linear scaling law. The precision of individual yield estimates is reflected by multiplicative errors of 1.11 to 1.17. Full-waveform spectral ratio corner frequency estimates compare favorably with reglonal P-wave corner frequencies and validate the use of the spectral ratio technique for near-source seismic data.
A lithospheric velocity anomaly beneath the Shagan river test site. Part 1. Detection and location with network magnitude residuals
Authors: Barker B. W. , Murphy J. R.
Published: September 2021

Large samples of teleseismic P-wave data recorded from Shagan River under-ground explosions have been systematically analyzed in an attempt to understand the causes of mb variability observed for these explosions. Results of these analyses indicate that large (>0.5 magnitude unit) differences in station-corrected mb residuals between explosions in close proximity are associated with changes in the near-source P-wave propagation paths to teleseismic distances. Back projection of the mb residuals from seismic stations in continental Europe into the P-wave initiation area near the source reveals the existence of an anomalous volume of material located about 50 km northwest of the test site, apparently at a depth of about 100 km. This anomalous volume defocuses energy out of paths to certain stations and redirects this energy into the paths to other stations and is associated with no detectable travel-time anomaly. This anomalous volume most likely corresponds to some relatively sharp lateral variation in physical properties, in particular P-wave velocity, at this depth. The estimated lateral dimension of the anomaly is only on the order of 5 km, which would make it one of the smallest deterministic features ever isolated at this depth range.
A two-layer model for aseismic slip on the Superstition Hills fault, California
Authors: Bilham Roger , Behr Jeffrey
Published: September 2021

A new differential creepmeter on the Superstition Hills fault reveals that afterslip at approximately 28 mm/year consists of episodic creep events super-imposed on a slow stable-slip component of 2.4 mm/year. The relative contribution from this background slip (8.5% of the total aseismic surface slip) has remained approximately constant for the past 2 years. To account for this observed behavior, we proposed a two-layer model for aseismic slip in which stable-sliding occurs from the surface to a transition depth, below which episodic creep events are initiated. These creep events propagate to the surface through the stable-sliding layer. From the ratio of background slip velocity to total afterslip velocity, we estimate the ratio of depths of stable-sliding to episodic-slip regions to be approximately 1:10. Thus, assuming that episodic slip extends to 3 km, we infer that background surface creep is moderated by processes in the uppermost 300 m. We speculate that the transition depth is sensitive to applied fault-normal stresses and suggest that the ratio of stable-sliding to episodic-slip velocities may provide an indication of secular variations in tectonic stress. Since the background creep is evidently continuous and little affected by episodic events, its velocity may provide a sensitive indication of applied tectonic strain in the period range days to years.
A survey of blasting activity in the United States
Authors: Richards Paul G. , Anderson Douglas A. , Simpson David W.
Published: September 2021

Statistical information on chemical explosions is needed in seismology, to evaluate the practical difficulties in identifying this very common type of seismic source from other seismic sources such as small earthquakes and small nuclear explosions.

We have obtained data on blasting activity from three different sources: (1) overview information from the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) on the total amount of chemical explosives used in the United States during 1987, with breakdowns into different explosive types, and usage by different states; (2) overview information from the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) on the numbers of mines, of different types, in the United States; and (3) detailed information from a private company (Vibra-Tech Engineers, Inc.) on total shot size and size of charge per delay for 20,813 blasts carried out in 1987 at 532 locations.

Our procedure has been to extrapolate the detailed information contained in the 1987 Vibra-Tech data for a limited number of states and thus to obtain estimates for the whole country on numbers of shots and their size distribution. The extrapolation is constrained by the data from USBM (numbers of shots, sizes) and the MSHA (locations). Blasting activity does not fluctuate greatly from year to year and 1987 was representative of current practice.

We find that about 2.2 million metric tons of chemical explosive are used annually in the continental U.S., principally in mining for coal and metal ores. On a typical work day, there are roughly 30 explosions greater than 50 tons, including about one greater than 200 tons. There was one industrial explosion in 1987 at about 1400 tons. For shots between 1 ton and 100 tons, the cumulative distribution has a b-value near unity; that is, if N is the number of shots (per year) greater than or equal to W tons,

N ∝ 10 − b log ⁡ W = W − b

with b roughly equal to 1. This result is similar to the size distribution of earthquakes greater than magnitude mb,

N ∝ 10 − b m b .

Almost all chemical explosions above 1 ton are ripple-fired. The typical shot uses 20 to 50 separate delays.
Effects of the canyon topography on ground motions at the Feitsui damsite
Authors: Chiu Hung-Chie , Huang Huey-Chu
Published: September 2021

A numerical scheme based on the boundary integral equation formulation is applied to a two-dimensional SH model of the Feitsui canyon to study the effects of the canyon topography on strong ground motion. The medium responses of this model for plane SH waves incident at various angles were calculated in a frequency band ranging from 0 to 6.0 Hz. It appears that the shielding and scattering effects of canyon topography can greatly modify the ground motions. Based on these medium responses, the recorded SH ground motion at one station is considered as the input to simulate the corresponding component at the second station. The observed and the simulated ground motions at the second station show satisfactory agreement in ground displacement and velocity. The simulated accelerations corresponding to the high-frequency part of ground motions did not fit the observations well. This discrepancy shows the limitation of our simplified model, which does not include the effects of the dam and the variation of topography in the third dimension. In order to improve the simulation of ground accelerations, it is necessary to have the 3-D modeling.
Love-wave propagation in a three-dimensional sedimentary basin
Authors: Toshinawa Takumi , Ohmachi Tatsuo
Published: September 2021

A simplified three-dimensional finite-element method has been developed for simulation of Love-wave propagation in three-dimensional sedimentary basins. The eigenfunctions for the fundamental-mode surface waves are employed as interpolation functions in the finite-element scheme. By reducing the number of degrees of freedom, the method enables us to analyze wave propagation in an area of 2000 km2 as large as the southern part of the Kanto plain, Japan. Time histories of the near Izu-Ohshima earthquake of 1990 are calculated and compared with observation. Calculated displacement snapshots show the effect of three-dimensional topography on direction of Love-wave propagation. The three-dimensional simulation is also compared with a two-dimensional one, demonstrating amplitude increase and extended duration. Time histories and their spectra from the three-dimensional model show better agreement with the observations than those from the two-dimensional model.
P and S-wave displacements from kinematic dislocation models
Authors: Castro R. R. , Anderson J. G. , Brune J. N.
Published: September 2021

Numerical dislocation models based on Haskells (1969) formulation are used to estimate the amount of normal motion necessary to produce the high P/S spectral ratios observed from strong-motion records of the Guerrero, Mexico, subduction zone (Castro et al., 1991). While this depends on the nature of the assumed dislocations, a normal motion with amplitude of less than 10% of the amplitude of shear slip is sufficient to produce P/S values comparable with the observations. We model a planar fault with random patches distributed on the fault plane and a nonplanar fault in which a dilatational jog connects en-echelon fault segments (a structural system proposed by Sibson, 1985, 1989, which introduces normal motions on the fault that depend mainly on the geometry of the fault). For the planar fault model the magnitude of the normal motion is prescribed. Both models introduce complexity in both body-wave displacement time histories, although for the P waves this complexity is accentuated at higher frequencies (f > 1 Hz). For the nonplanar model, a jog with an angle of 10° introduces a normal component of 18% of the slip on the fault.