bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The change of green space well-being during rapid urbanization: A case study in Jinan, China, 2006–2018
Authors: Lu Shuang , Wang Yu , Shao Li
Published: September 2023

With the rapid advancement of urbanization, the green space well-being (GSWB) of developing countries faces drastic changes and is increasingly threatened. Green and residential spaces are the core elements of GSWB; however, we know very little about the interaction and combination of the two in terms of their effect on GSWB. This study identified the spatiotemporal features of GSWB and critically examined how patterns of residential–green combinations affect GSWB. Based on land-use data for Jinan from 2006 to 2018, and using the spatial measurement tool GeoDa, we found that both green and residential space have increased significantly in central Jinan. At the macro level, the spatial correlation between the two decreased significantly; meanwhile, at the micro level, there are obvious differences in time and geography. This led to differences in the distribution of GSWB between regions with high value and those with low value. We revealed that the development, preservation, and demolition of residential and green spaces influence changes in GSWB. The positive effects on GSWB come from (1) mountain park development policy in built-up areas, (2) theme park development policy in new urban areas, and (3) urban renewal and demolition policy. The negative effects on GSWB come from (1) issues remaining from prior extensive urban development, (2) the replacement of central areas driven by urban branding, and (3) the lack of supervision of nearby facilities for new housing development. To better understand changes in GSWB, it is necessary to consider its internal residential–green spatial collaboration and propose targeted response strategies. This can help to better safeguard the quality of human settlements in the process of urbanization in developing countries.
Emerging trends for urban freight transport–The potential for sustainable micromobility
Authors: Rześny-Cieplińska Jagienka , Tomaszewski Tomasz , Piecyk-Ouellet Maja , Kiba-Janiak Maja
Published: September 2023

Aim

Active transportation referring to non-motorized modes of transport is promoted and popularized both in practice and in the scientific literature, while their use for urban freight transport has been largely neglected. Thus the main scope of the paper is to indicate the development potential of micromobility use in urban freight transport and to check its influence on urban sustainability.

Methods

The authors have hypothesized that active means of transport, with a focus on micromobility, have great development potential in freight transportation in cities. The implemented methods for analyzing the relationship between users’ characteristics, micromobility, and its impact on urban sustainable development, were logit and probit modelling. The authors’ system includes an analysis of factors connected with the topics of sustainability and micromobilty, that have met an essential scientific gap that this paper addresses.

Logistic (logit) regression is used mainly for binary, ordinal, and multi-level outcomes to find the probability of success (i.e. occurrence of some event). Probit regression, however, is primarily used in binary response models and assumes the normal distribution of data.

Results

The main finding of the article has led the authors to the statement that active means of transport, including micromobility have great development potential in freight transportation in cities.

Conclusions

Knowledge of the acceptance of micromobility solutions is essential for municipal authorities in shaping the development of urban transport systems. Thus proper strategies and actions need to be prioritized to leverage the sustainability-related co-benefits of active transport.
Land use and land cover changes and their impact on ecosystem service values in the north-eastern highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Muche Meseret , Yemata Getahun , Molla Eyayu , Adnew Wubetie , Muasya A. Muthama
Published: September 2023

The land use and land cover (LULC) changes driven by the growing demands of mankind have a considerable effect on ecosystem services and functions. The study was carried out in the north-eastern highlands of Ethiopia to (1) analyze the effect of LULC changes between 1984 and 2021 and (2) assess the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem service values (ESVs) and elasticity in response to LULC changes. Using Landsat imageries from 1984 to 2021, the spatiotemporal changes in LULC were evaluated with supervised image classification using maximum likelihood algorithm in ArcGIS software. Six LULC types were subsequently categorized, with overall accuracy and Kappa coefficients above 87% and 0.87, respectively. The ESVs were then estimated based on the Benefit Value Transfer (BVT) approach employing modified conservative value coefficients. The findings revealed a significant increase in cultivated land (9759.1ha) and built-up area (10174.41ha) during the stipulated periods and a drop in other land use types. The forest loss gradually decreased from 4.1% in the second period (1991–2001) to 0.58% in the third (2001–2021), compared to the first of the 1.1% conversion rates. Similarly, the proportion of grassland and water bodies steadily reduced over the stipulated periods, by 1.15% and 2.3% per annum, respectively. The overall loss of ESVs in the study landscape was estimated to be 54.4 million US$ (67.3%), drastically decreasing from 80.3 million US$ in 1984 to 26.4 million US$ in 2021, driven by the declining area coverage of water bodies, grassland, and forestland. Regardless of the loss, the ecosystem functions of hydrological regulation (37.2, 35.0, 6.1, and 5.1 US$ ha-1yr-1), water supply (14.5, 13.6, 2.4, and 2 US$ ha-1yr-1), and food production (9.8, 10.0, 9.1, and 9.9 US$ ha-1yr-1) contributed the most to the total ESV of each year while disturbance regulation and cultural values were the least throughout the study periods. The coefficient of sensitivity (CS) analysis revealed that our estimates were relatively robust. The findings further showed that human-dominated land-uses at the expense of natural ecosystems are the primary drivers of LULC transitions and the ensuing loss of ecosystem services in the region. Thus, this calls for intensive work on more effective land use policies that encourage an integrated management approach, with a focus on safeguarding the sustainability of natural ecosystems.
Helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF)-deleted CDX/TME model of colorectal cancer increased transcription of oxidative phosphorylation genes and diverted glycolysis to boost S-glutathionylation in lymphatic intravascular metastatic niches
Authors: Martinez-Marin Dalia , Helmer Rebecca A. , Kaur Gurvinder , Washburn Rachel L. , Martinez-Zaguilan Raul , Sennone Souad R. , Dufour Jannette M. , Chilton Beverly S.
Published: September 2023

Helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) also known as SMARCA3, protects genome integrity. A tumor suppressor, HLTF is expressed in tumor cells but not in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC). With disease progression, there is high concordance between epigenetic silencing of HLTF in CRC cells and negligible HLTF expression in the TME. We developed a cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) model and show for the first time that HLTF-deletion in cancer cells and the TME results in metabolic reprogramming that mitigates oxidative stress in lymphatic intravascular metastatic niches. The two metabolic pathways that derive energy from glucose—glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)—are variously utilized by cancer cells depending upon the TME. HIF-1α, a master regulator of glycolysis, was eliminated from a role in reprogramming metabolism to satisfy CDX energetic requirements by RNAseq and spatial transcriptomics. Variability in the gut microbiome, with a putative role in altered metabolism, was also eliminated. HLTF-deleted cancer cells recovered from DNA damage at a transcriptomic level induction of DNA repair and OXPHOS genes linked to an amoeboid-associated phenotype at the tumor border (confocal microscopy). HLTF-deleted cancer and endothelial cells of lymphatic (PDPN) intravascular niches in the TME shared a site-specific protein S-glutathionylation signature (2D DIGE, MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry) for three glycolytic enzymes (PGK1 Cys379/380, PGAM1 Cys55, ENOA1 Cys119) that diverted glycolysis in support of continued glutathione biosynthesis. The collective absence of HLTF/Hltf from tumor and TME achieved redox homeostasis throughout the CDX and promoted metastasis.
Association between wealth, insurance coverage, urban residence, median age and COVID-19 deaths across states in Nigeria
Authors: Akinseinde Samuel A. , Kosemani Samson , Osuolale Emmanuel , Cesare Nina , Pellicane Samantha , Nsoesie Elaine O.
Published: September 2023

This study measures associations between COVID-19 deaths and sociodemographic factors (wealth, insurance coverage, urban residence, age, state population) for states in Nigeria across two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: February 27th 2020 to October 24th 2020 and October 25th 2020 to July 25th 2021. Data sources include 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey and Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) COVID-19 daily reports. It uses negative binomial models to model deaths, and stratifies results by respondent gender. It finds that overall mortality rates were concentrated within three states: Lagos, Edo and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja. Urban residence and insurance coverage are positively associated with differences in deaths for the full sample. The former, however, is significant only during the early stages of the pandemic. Associative differences in gender-stratified models suggest that wealth was a stronger protective factor for men and insurance a stronger protective factor for women. Associative strength between sociodemographic measures and deaths varies by gender and pandemic wave, suggesting that the pandemic impacted men and women in unique ways, and that the effectiveness of interventions should be evaluated for specific waves or periods.
Efficacy of antibiotic and iodoform pastes in non-instrumental endodontic treatment of anterior primary teeth—Protocol for a randomized controlled clinical
Authors: Sobral Ana Paula Taboada , Santos Elaine Marcilio , Leal Gonçalves Marcela Leticia , Ferri Elza Padilha , Junior Willians Santos Baracho , Gimenez Thais , Gallo Juliana Maria Altavista Sagretti , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Motta Lara Jansiski , Kalil Bussadori Sandra
Published: September 2023

The maintenance of the deciduous tooth until its physiological exfoliation occurs is one of the main objectives of pediatric dentistry. Endodontic treatment in deciduous teeth resulting from carious or traumatic lesions with pulpal involvement is often necessary and we often find it difficult to perform it, due to the difficult control of the child, the internal anatomy of the root canals, and root resorptions. The non-instrumental endodontic treatment technique (NIET) associated with antimicrobial drugs has advantages such as shorter chair time and less complexity than the conventional technique in which root canal instrumentation is performed. The aim of this study is to carry out a controlled and randomized clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of (NIET) in primary teeth associated with the use of two obturator pastes. One hundred and twenty necrotic deciduous teeth of children aged between 3 and 6 years will be selected; and the teeth will be divided into two groups. In Group 1 and Group 2, root canals will not be instrumented, just irrigated and filled with the respective pastes, antibiotic (CTZ) and iodoform (Guedes-Pinto). Presence of fistula and mobility will be clinically evaluated. The evaluations will be carried out in both groups on the day of treatment and in periods of 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment. For the main outcome, the tooth will be the unit of analysis and the Kaplan-Meier test will be performed to estimate the survival rates of the included teeth. For comparison between the two groups, Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney test will be performed, depending on the normality of the data. In addition, Poisson regression analyzes will be carried out, in order to allow the evaluation of the influence of some variables on the results. For all analyses, the significance value will be adjusted to 5%.

Trial registration: NCT04587089 in ClinicalTrials.gov. Approval date: May 15, 2023.
A large-scale evaluation of NLP-derived chemical-gene/protein relationships from the scientific literature: Implications for knowledge graph construction
Authors: Jeynes Jonathan C. G. , Corney Matthew , James Tim
Published: September 2023

One area of active research is the use of natural language processing (NLP) to mine biomedical texts for sets of triples (subject-predicate-object) for knowledge graph (KG) construction. While statistical methods to mine co-occurrences of entities within sentences are relatively robust, accurate relationship extraction is more challenging. Herein, we evaluate the Global Network of Biomedical Relationships (GNBR), a dataset that uses distributional semantics to model relationships between biomedical entities. The focus of our paper is an evaluation of a subset of the GNBR data; the relationships between chemicals and genes/proteins. We use Evotec’s structured ‘Nexus’ database of >2.76M chemical-protein interactions as a ground truth to compare with GNBRs relationships and find a micro-averaged precision-recall area under the curve (AUC) of 0.50 and a micro-averaged receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve AUC of 0.71 across the relationship classes ‘inhibits’, ‘binding’, ‘agonism’ and ‘antagonism’, when a comparison is made on a sentence-by-sentence basis. We conclude that, even though these micro-average scores are modest, using a high threshold on certain relationship classes like ‘inhibits’ could yield high fidelity triples that are not reported in structured datasets. We discuss how different methods of processing GNBR data, and the factuality of triples could affect the accuracy of NLP data incorporated into knowledge graphs. We provide a GNBR-Nexus(ChEMBL-subset) merged datafile that contains over 20,000 sentences where a protein/gene-chemical co-occur and includes both the GNBR relationship scores as well as the ChEMBL (manually curated) relationships (e.g., ‘agonist’, ‘inhibitor’) —this can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136752. We envisage this being used to aid curation efforts by the drug discovery community.
Risk factors for mortality among lung cancer patients with covid-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Mingyue , Liu Siru , Wang Changyu , Wu Yuxuan , Liu Jialin
Published: September 2023

Background

Lung cancer patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection experience high mortality rates. The study aims to determine the risk factors for mortality in lung cancer patients with COVID-19 infection.

Materials and methods

Followed the PRISMA reporting guidelines, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched to February 20, 2023, for studies of lung cancer patients with COVID-19 infection. The main outcome of interest was the risk factor for mortality. We also compared the mortality rate of those patients among different continents. A pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI was presented as the result of this meta-analysis.

Results

Meta-analysis of 33 studies involving 5018 patients showed that pooled mortality rate of lung cancer in COVID-19 patients was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.25–0.36). Subgroup analysis based on the continents showed significant difference of the mortality rate was observed between Asia and the rest of world (χ2= 98.96,P< 0.01). Older age (SMD: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09–0.40,P< 0.01), advanced lung cancer (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04–1.26,P< 0.01), coexisting comorbidities such as hypertension (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01–1.35,P= 0.04) and cardiovascular disease (RR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03–1.91,P= 0.03) were associated with higher risk of mortality rate in those patients.

Conclusions

Findings of this meta-analysis confirms an increased risk of mortality in lung cancer patients with COVID-19 infection, whose risk factors for these patients appear to be exacerbated by older age, advanced-stage lung cancer, and comorbidities such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Utilization of family planning and associated factors among women with disabilities in ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Demisse Tesfanesh Lemma , Silesh Mulualem , Taye Birhan Tsegaw , Moltot Tebabere , Chekole Moges Sisay , Ayalew Maritu
Published: September 2023

Background

Persons with disabilities have a right to make their own choices about their bodies, health, and lives, especially regarding their sexual and reproductive health. But they may experience more challenges than women without disabilities in having their reproductive health needs met. So there is an urgent need to scale up disability inclusion in all levels of the health system including family planning. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of Family Planning Utilization and Associated Factors among Women with Disabilities in Ethiopia.

Methodology

Studies were gathered from Pub Med/MEDLINE (681), Google Scholar (426), African Journal of Online (AJOL) (36), CINAHL (211), HINARI (191), Scopus (86), Science Direct (62), Excerpta Medica database (EMBA, SE) (113), DOAJ (38), Web of Science (26), Google (271), and other organization’s websites (2) using a combination of search terms and Boolean operators. The modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional research was used by three authors to independently assess the quality of each study. For statistical analysis, STATATM Version 11 software was employed. For the meta-analysis, the random-effects (Der Simonian and Laird) technique was applied. The heterogeneity test was performed using I-squared (I2) statistics. A one-out sensitivity analysis was performed.

Result

A total of 7 articles with 2787 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of family planning utilization among Women with Disabilities was 29.6% (95% CI: 22.3, 36.8); I2 = 94.6%). Women who were in marital union (p<0.001) and who had a discussion with their husbands (p = 0.007) were factors significantly associated with the utilization of family planning among women with disabilities.

Conclusion

The finding of this study showed that utilization of family planning among women with disability is relatively lower than the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey 2019. Therefore, the discussions with the partner and their engagement in decisions to use family planning are critical to increase its use.
Research on the mechanism of promoting coordinated development of ecological well-being in rural counties through industrial transformation
Authors: Yang Fan , Qi Wanlin , Han Jiaqi
Published: September 2023

The balanced development of ecological quality and residents’ well-being is an important factor in achieving sustainable economic development in rural counties. In order to promote the improvement of the coupling coordination degree between ecology and well-being in rural counties, this study explores the impact mechanism of industrial structural transformation and upgrading on the coupling of ecology and well-being in the Sichuan-Chongqing. A dual-fixed-space Durbin model is constructed to analyze the influence mechanism and spatial interaction effects of industrial transformation and upgrading on the coordination of ecology and well-being. The research indicates: (1) From 2010 to 2020, the overall coordination degree of ecology and well-being in the Sichuan-Chongqing rural counties has steadily increased, with higher coordination in the eastern region and lower coordination in the western region. The growth rate of coordination degree is faster in the east and slower in the west, with significant and increasing differences between the east and west. 2) The coupling coordination degree of ecology and well-being in the Sichuan-Chongqing rural counties has a strong positive spatial spillover effect. (3) The more reasonable the industrial structure, the higher the level of coordinated development in the local and surrounding rural counties. The higher the index of industrial advancement, the better the level of coordinated development locally, but the lower the level of coordinated development in the surrounding areas.
Longitudinal, prospective study of head impacts in male high school football players
Authors: McAlister Kelsey L. , Mack Wendy J. , Bir Cynthia , Baron David A. , Som Christine , Li Karen , Chavarria-Garcia Anthony , Sawardekar Siddhant , Baron David , Toth Zachary , Allem Courtney , Beatty Nicholas , Nakayama Junko , Kelln Ryan , Zaslow Tracy , Bansal Ravi , Peterson Bradley S.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Repetitive, subconcussive events may adversely affect the brain and cognition during sensitive periods of development. Prevention of neurocognitive consequences of concussion in high school football is therefore an important public health priority. We aimed to identify the player positions and demographic, behavioral, cognitive, and impact characteristics that predict the frequency and acceleration of head impacts in high school football players.

Methods

In this prospective study, three cohorts of adolescent male athletes (N = 53, 28.3% Hispanic) were recruited over three successive seasons in a high school American football program. Demographic and cognitive functioning were assessed at baseline prior to participating in football. Helmet sensors recorded impact frequency and acceleration. Each head impact was captured on film from five different angles. Research staff verified and characterized on-field impacts. Player-level Poisson regressions and year-level and impact-level linear mixed-effect models were used to determine demographic, behavioral, cognitive, and impact characteristics as predictors of impact frequency and acceleration.

Results

4,678 valid impacts were recorded. Impact frequency positively associated with baseline symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity [β(SE) = 1.05 impacts per year per unit of symptom severity (1.00), p = 0.01] and inattentiveness [β(SE) = 1.003 impacts per year per T-score unit (1.001), p = 0.01]. Compared to quarterbacks, the highest acceleration impacts were sustained by kickers/punters [β(SE) = 21.5 g’s higher (7.1), p = 0.002], kick/punt returners [β(SE) = 9.3 g’s higher (4.4), p = 0.03], and defensive backs [β(SE) = 4.9 g’s higher (2.5), p = 0.05]. Impacts were more frequent in the second [β(SE) = 33.4 impacts (14.2), p = 0.02)] and third [β(SE) = 50.9 impacts (20.1), p = 0.01] year of play. Acceleration was highest in top-of-the-head impacts [β(SE) = 4.4 g’s higher (0.8), p<0.001].

Conclusion

Including screening questions for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in pre-participation evaluations can help identify a subset of prospective football players who may be at risk for increased head impacts. Position-specific strategies to modify kickoffs and correct tackling and blocking may also reduce impact burden.
Building a strong foundation: How pre-doctorate experience shapes doctoral student outcomes
Authors: Zhuchkova Svetlana , Bekova Saule
Published: September 2023

The effectiveness of doctoral programs has been a major topic of interest for national policies, universities, and researchers for decades now. However, studies that try to identify factors associated with doctoral students’ success usually focus on characteristics measured during doctoral training, while the role of pre-doctorate characteristics remains underexplored. This research aims to fill this gap by examining whether and how various aspects of pre-doctorate experience–academic achievements, research experience related and unrelated to the dissertation topic, and teaching experience–contribute to the successful defense of the doctoral dissertation. Using data from a survey of the Russian doctoral programs’ graduates (N = 985) and regression analysis, we show that research experience related to the dissertation topic is the only pre-doctorate characteristic associated with the successful defense of the dissertation. At the same time, the effect of this type of research experience vanishes when controlling for support from the supervisor and department that students receive during their training. The results of the study can be used for designing criteria for doctoral students’ admission campaigns and introduction of integrated, or fast-track, doctoral programs, as well as to broaden our understanding of the relative importance of environmental vs. individual factors of doctoral students’ outcomes.
The family of cubic differential systems with two real and two complex distinct infinite singularities and invariant straight lines of the type
(
3
,
1
,
1
,
1
)
Authors: Bujac Cristina , Schlomiuk Dana , Vulpe Nicolae
Published: September 2023

In this article we consider the class

CSL

7

2
r
2
c
∞

of non-degenerate real planar cubic vector fields, which possess two real and two complex distinct infinite singularities and invariant straight lines of total multiplicity 7, including the line at infinity. The classification according to the configurations of invariant lines of systems possessing invariant straight lines was given in articles published from 2014 up to 2022. We continue our investigation for the family

CSL

7

2
r
2
c
∞

possessing configurations of invariant lines of type
(
3
,
1
,
1
,
1
)
and prove that there are exactly 42 distinct configurations of this type. Moreover we construct all the orbit representatives of the systems in this class with respect to affine group of transformations and a time rescaling.
Normalized solutions to the Schrödinger systems with double critical growth and weakly attractive potentials
Authors: Long Lei , Feng Xiaojing
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we look for solutions to the following critical Schrödinger system

{

−
Δ
u
+
(

V
1

+

λ
1

)
u
=

|

u

|

2
∗

−
2

u
+

|

u

|

p
1

−
2

u
+
β

r
1

|

u

|

r
1

−
2

u

|

v

|

r
2

i
n

 

R

N

,

−
Δ
v
+
(

V
2

+

λ
2

)
v
=

|

v

|

2
∗

−
2

v
+

|

v

|

p
2

−
2

v
+
β

r
2

|

u

|

r
1

|

v

|

r
2

−
2

v

i
n

 

R

N

,

having prescribed mass

∫

R

N

u
2

=

a
1

>
0
and

∫

R

N

v
2

=

a
2

>
0
, where

λ
1

,

λ
2

∈

R

will arise as Lagrange multipliers,
N
⩾
3
,

2
∗

=
2
N

/

(
N
−
2
)
is the Sobolev critical exponent,

r
1

,

r
2

>
1
,

p
1

,

p
2

,

r
1

+

r
2

∈
(
2
+
4

/

N
,

2
∗

)
and
β
>
0
is a coupling constant. Under suitable conditions on the potentials

V
1

and

V
2

,

β
∗

>
0
exists such that the above Schrödinger system admits a positive radial normalized solution when
β
⩾

β
∗

. The proof is based on comparison argument and minmax method.
Complex dynamics of the system of nonlinear difference equations in the Hilbert space
Authors: Pokutnyi Oleksandr
Published: September 2023

In the given article the necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of solutions of boundary value problem for the nonlinear system in the Hilbert spaces are obtained. Examples of such systems like a Lotka–Volterra are considered. Bifurcation and branching conditions of solutions are obtained.
Citizen science against the plastic soup: background, motivation and expectations of volunteers studying plastic pollution on Dutch riverbanks
Authors: Rambonnet Liselotte , Reinders Hanneke , Land-Zandstra Anne M.
Published: September 2023

In the field of investigating and addressing plastic pollution, the public is increasingly involved in research as citizen scientists. Long-term monitoring for this topic is needed, and recruiting and retaining volunteers is challenging. Therefore, it is important to learn more about the demographic background, motivations and expectations of involved citizen scientists, and if these change during participation. Our research studied these aspects of the citizen scientists in the Dutch Clean Rivers project, who monitor plastic pollution on riverbanks. Participants (n = 122) completed pre- and post-survey after one year of the project. While there was no gender bias, the participants were mostly middle-aged and highly educated, and almost half had previous experience with scientific research. Their motivation to participate was mostly activistic, as they wanted to tackle the source of plastic pollution and contribute to solutions. More personal motivations, such as wanting to learn more and because it is fun to do scientific research, decreased significantly after one year of participation. Their expectations were in line with the main motivations. Understanding the background, motivations and expectations of volunteers helps this project, and the field of citizen science in plastic pollution research.
Denominações para “mulato” no Atlas Linguístico de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Santana Adriana Pereira
Published: September 2023

Este trabalho analisa, sob as perspectivas léxico-semântica e cultural, as unidades lexicais registradas na Carta QSL 0237.a - mulato. do Atlas Linguístico de Mato Grosso do Sul – ALMS (2007) como denominação das “pessoas que têm a pele pouco escura porque só a mãe ou só o pai é negro”. Para a execução do estudo, foi traçado o seguinte percurso metodológico: definição da fonte e do corpus, seguido da consulta ao ALMS e respectivo levantamento dos dados lexicais cartografados. Na sequência, os dados foram quantificados e organizados para posterior análise sob a ótica da Teoria Lexical e da Antropologia Linguística. O universo de dados catalogados reuniu unidades léxicas como moreno, mestiço, pardo, negro, misto, tostado, bugre, caboclo moreno, morena canela, café com leite, meio branco, preto, mameluco, bugre, totalizando 21 itens lexicais. O registro da forma lexical moreno claro, com 7,81% de ocorrência, por exemplo, indica que o uso de um termo considerado amenizador (moreno) é reforçado por outro (claro), com maior carga suavizadora.  Pela análise realizada, depreende-se, que tais unidades, já constituintes do repertório lexical dos falantes sul-mato-grossenses, além de nomearem o tipo humano descrito pela pergunta, passaram a indicar representações sociais, o que desembocou em traços de apropriação cultural. A análise demonstrou aspectos da relação existente entre fatores linguísticos e extralinguísticos, no conjunto vocabular dos informantes sul-mato-grossenses examinado, validando o argumento de que a língua constitui ferramenta dinâmica da cultura local e que a norma linguística, particularmente a lexical, expressa aspectos significativos, relacionados aos valores veiculados pela sociedade.
Prácticas de ciencia abierta vistas desde la perspectiva de las comunidades de investigadores de las ciencias básicas de Perú
Authors: Manco Alejandra
Published: September 2023

Este artículo explora las diferentes prácticas de ciencia abierta en el proceso de generación de conocimiento de los investigadores en ciencias básicas (biología, química y física), utilizando un enfoque cualitativo con ocho entrevistas semidirigidas. El principal efecto percibido de la ciencia abierta es el acceso a insumos de la investigación, i.e., el acceso abierto a artículos, los datos de investigación abiertos –especialmente la reutilización de datos y paradatos– y la reutilización de códigos como fuentes principales. Otra cuestión es el aumento en la cantidad y rapidez de la colaboración con otros colegas, así como el fomento del intercambio de ideas, i.e., se trata de un cambio cultural provocado por el intercambio de información. Sin embargo, también se explora el hecho de que la implementación de políticas de ciencia abierta tiene consecuencias imprevistas, como la creación de nuevas inequidades o la reproducción de aquellas que ya existen en la ciencia. Por último, la cuestión de la comunicación científica como parte de la conceptualización de la ciencia abierta también es mencionada por diferentes investigadores, si bien se trata de un tema que queda por explorar.
Contribución del Instituto Brasileño de Información en Ciencia y Tecnología a la promoción del acceso abierto y la ciencia abierta: Análisis de sus infraestructuras
Authors: De-Freitas-Campos Fhillipe , Machado-Borges-Sena Priscila , Ribeiro-de-Carvalho-Segundo Washington-Luis , Amaro Bianca , Vilas-Boas Raphael-Faria
Published: September 2023

Históricamente, la comunicación científica estuvo dominada por una dinámica de mercado en la que oligopolios de editoriales científicas comerciales cobraban altas tarifas para que los investigadores tuvieran acceso a las publicaciones científicas de sus pares. Ante la insostenibilidad de este modelo para la comunidad científica, surgió en un primer momento el Movimiento de Acceso Abierto y, más recientemente y con nuevos aportes, la ciencia abierta. Frente a este contexto, y consciente de las competencias para las que fue fundado, el Instituto Brasileño de Información en Ciencia y Tecnología (Ibict) pasó a crear infraestructuras, proyectos y acciones encaminados a alcanzar de los preceptos defendidos por los movimientos mencionados. El objetivo de este trabajo es indicar y describir las acciones, proyectos e infraestructuras de comunicación científica creados y coordinados por Ibict en el contexto del acceso abierto y la ciencia abierta. Este artículo presenta una investigación documental con enfoque cualitativo, pues los análisis se desarrollaron a partir de varios tipos de fuentes. Desde principios de la década del 2000, el Ibict ha estado trabajando firmemente para construir las infraestructuras necesarias para promover el acceso abierto y, más recientemente, la ciencia abierta. Este esfuerzo se ve reflejado las 14 acciones, proyectos e infraestructuras creadas y coordinadas por o en colaboración con el Instituto. Las infraestructuras presentadas denotan el esfuerzo realizado por Ibict para promover la comunicación científica de forma abierta y transparente. Complementarias entre sí, dichas infraestructuras son capaces de crear un marco nacional a favor de los pilares del acceso abierto y la ciencia abierta, destacando a Brasil en el escenario internacional.
The Effect of Slow Stroke Back Massage on Blood Pressure in Elderly Patients with Hypertension
Authors: Meidayanti Gusti Ayu Made Diah Dwi , Candrawati Sang Ayu Ketut , Lestari Ni Kadek Yuni
Published: September 2023

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is often diagnosed in the elderly population in the world. Some previous studies have also suggested that slow stroke back massage, is effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients. However, limited studies examine this therapy in elderly group. This study aims to determine the effect of slow stroke back massage on blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients. This research method uses a type of quantitative research using quasi experimental design with two group pre-post-test nonequivalent control group design. The number of samples used were 44 respondents. Sampling using the simple random sampling technique was carried out 3 times a week with a duration of 10 minutes for 4 weeks. Inclusion criteria in this study were hypertension sufferers who were willing to be respondents, patients aged 45-74 years both male and female and patients taking hypertension medication. Exclusion criteria were patients who experienced burns, bruises, skin rashes, inflammation of the skin of the back, patients who had spinal fractures. The analysis used was univariate and bivariate using the parametric Paired Sample t-test and Independent t-test. The results obtained mean a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group was 21.04 mmHg and 11.68 mmHg, p-value (0.000 <0.05). Meanwhile, the mean reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the control group was 3.00 mmHg with a p-value (0.071>0.05) and 2.04 mmHg with a p-value (0.081>0.05). The results of data analysis using the independent sample t-test obtained a p-value of 0.000 <0.05, which means that there is an effect of slow stroke back massage on blood pressure in hypertension sufferers. This study recommended slow stroke back massage as an alternative or supporting therapy in managing hypertension in elderly individuals because it does not cause side effects.
Legal Writing and Ascertainment of Causation in the Italian Judiciary Process
Authors: Grandi Barbara
Published: September 2023

There is an ongoing debate about methods of legal writing in Italy, and particularly about requirements the legislator should adopt to make the law as clearer as possible, that is to say, to avoid, as much as it is possible, that the law itself contributes to its own misunderstanding, to its own wrong application by way of permitting diverging interpretations.  The practice of giving a list of ‘consideranda’ before the adoption of any normative act expresses a democratic reply to the issue (derived from the European model) for any citizen’s to understand motivations of the legislator directives, beyond the content of  directive itself.
Pedagogical implications of translingual practices for content and language integrated learning
Authors: Xie Di , Sun Yachao
Published: September 2023

This case study explores the pedagogical implications of translingual practices for Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). The case study examines how a multilingual undergraduate student at a Sino-U.S. joint-venture university in China employs translingual practices to understand, deepen, and broaden her understanding of research content and improve her academic writing with different language resources. Specifically, this study investigated how translingual practices were used and perceived to improve content development and language learning in a CLIL context and discussed how translingual practices could be implemented for CLIL. The results show that translingual practices facilitated content learning by allowing the student to use her full linguistic repertoire and helped her scaffold the understanding of new concepts and vocabulary. In addition, translingual practices enhanced the student’s language learning by exposing her to different linguistic structures, conventions, and vocabulary, and promoting a more inclusive and equitable learning environment. These findings suggest that incorporating translingual practices into educational settings, particularly in CLIL contexts, can lead to more effective and equitable learning outcomes for multilingual students.
Nachvollziehbare Security by Design-Entscheidungen für Automatisierungssysteme mittels funktionsbasierter Diagramme und Security-Bibliotheken
Authors: Fluchs Sarah , Taştan Emre , Trumpf Tobias , Horch Alexander , Drath Rainer , Fay Alexander
Published: September 2023

„Security by Design“ ist der Begriff für die Verlagerung von Cybersecurity-Überlegungen von den Endnutzern eines Systems auf dessen Planer und Realisierer im Engineering. Um die Last auf den Schultern der Endnutzer zu verringern, müssen Security-Entscheidungen nicht nur während der Entwicklung getroffen werden, sondern auch in einer Weise, die für Dritte nachvollziehbar ist. Planer von industriellen Automatisierungssystemen (ICS) verfügen jedoch in der Regel weder über Security-Expertise noch über Zeit für das Security-Engineering. Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellte Methode „Security by Design Decisions“ soll sie in die Lage versetzen, Security-Entscheidungen trotzdem selbstständig zu identifizieren, zu treffen und zu begründen. Kernelemente der Methode sind funktionsbasierte Diagramme sowie vordefinierte Bibliotheken mit typischen Funktionen und deren Security-Parametern. Die als Software-Demonstrator implementierte Methode wurde mit HIMA, einem deutschen Spezialisten für sicherheitsgerichtete Automatisierungslösungen, validiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Planer mit ihrer Hilfe Security-Entscheidungen identifizieren, treffen und nachvollziehbar dokumentieren können, die sie sonst nicht (bewusst) getroffen hätten – schnell und mit wenig Security-Expertise. Die Methode ist auch gut geeignet, um weniger erfahrenen Personen Wissen über Security-Entscheidungen zugänglich zu machen. Zusammengefasst können mit der Methode „Security by Design Decisions“ mehr Personen in kürzerer Zeit zur „Security by Design“ eines ICS beitragen.
A general mechanism of humor: reformulating the semantic overlap
Authors: Martínez Javier
Published: September 2023

This article proposes a cognitive mechanism of humor of general applicability, not restricted to verbal communication. It is indebted to Raskin’s concept of script overlap, and conforms to the incongruity-resolution theoretical framework, but it is built on the notion of constraint, an evoked correspondence between sets of data. Under this view, script overlap is an outcome of a more abstractly described phenomenon, constraint overlap. The important concept of the overlooked argument is introduced to characterize the two overlapping constraints—overt and covert. Their inputs and outputs are not directly encoded in utterances, but implicated by them, and their overlap results in another overlap at the level of the communicated utterances, that the incongruity reveals. Our hypothesis assumes as a given that the evocation of such constraints is a cognitive effect of the inferential process by which a hearer interprets utterances. We base this assumption on Hofstadter’s theory of analogy-making as the essence of human thought. By substituting “stimuli” of any kind for “utterances” in this model, we obtain a mechanism as easily applicable to non-verbal communication—slapstick, cartoons—and we propose it describes the necessary and sufficient conditions for a communicative act in any modality to carry humor.
The Humor Styles Questionnaire: a critique of scale construct validity and recommendations regarding individual differences in style profiles
Authors: Galloway Graeme
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the construct validity of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) – that is, whether scores on the scale adequately reflect adaptive or maladaptive humor use which is causally related to psychosocial well-being, and considers how research on distinct groups of people defined in terms of their style profiles can clarify the nature of the styles. A number of concerns about scale content are raised, including that coverage of relevant issues and wording of some scale items are problematic; rating scales used to assess humor use require revision; the extent of influence of non-humor components of the items is unclear; and the items associated with any style do not accurately indicate its motivation. Findings concerning style profiles indicate the same style can perform different functions for different people (relationship/stimulation seeking, or self-defense) and also differ from those typically observed in studies of HSQ convergent, divergent, and criterion validity. Further research should take into account the methodological issues discussed and focus on the style profiles and humor content and structure preferences of humor users and their audiences. Reasons to view the styles as predictive of but not causally related to psychosocial well-being are also provided.
Discursive valuing practices at the periphery: Javanese use on Indonesian youth radio in multilingual Solo
Authors: Dewi Udiana Puspa , Goebel Zane
Published: September 2023

This paper seeks to understand how languages are discursively identified and valued within a youth radio station in Solo, Indonesia. This study seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge on the dynamic relationship between the national language, Bahasa Indonesia, and the local language, Javanese, by utilizing a social value and centre-periphery lens to approach continuity and change in present-day Central Java. Valuing practices are observed by examining the situated use of linguistic features and norms of their use within specific social practice (radio programming). From June 2020 to July 2020, a total of 120 h of radio content was recorded for analysis. Analysis showed that valuing practices emerged in response to the use of linguistic features within different radio segments of the program. The formation of participatory frameworks in the periphery and the evaluative commentaries accompanying them contributed to the construction of norms for using these linguistic features. Our analysis shows how paying attention to evaluative practices can highlight how the value of sets of linguistic features emerge, circulate, and are transformed within the media practices in the periphery.
“I know how to improve. You know what I mean?”. Neoliberalism and the development of multilingual identities through study abroad
Authors: Mocanu Vasilica
Published: September 2023

The present article examines the relationship between study abroad and the construction of multilingual identities regarded as more marketable in the neoliberal economy. The main objective is to provide an insight on student mobility and dominant visions of the future in line with which languages are chosen to be taught/learned at tertiary level and how this offer mirrors the economized perspective adopted in the higher education system. It focuses on European higher-education students participating in study abroad through the Erasmus program in three contexts across Europe (Finland, Romania, and Catalonia). In the first place, the article delves into the ways neoliberal discourses on the value of study abroad and the skills that are expected to be acquired through the experience – this is, the type of individuals that the participants might become – shape their decision to enroll in a sojourn abroad in a particular context. Secondly, this article analyzes to what extent European youth participating in study abroad eventually perceive they added to their identities the desirable marketable skills they expected and how they consider this is going to materialize in the future. By looking at how multilingual identities are constructed through the Erasmus program, this study hypothesizes that study abroad is another mechanism embedded in educational practices that respond to economic demands in which the marketization of language skills plays a prominent role.
Kant’s Hylomorphic Formulation of Right and the Necessity of the State
Authors: Gregory Michael
Published: September 2023

This paper argues against the common justification for the necessity of the state through the particular difficulty of private property right. Instead, I argue that the necessity of the state is internal to the concept of right in general. In order to show this, I point out how Kants adoption of hylomorphic language for the concept of right, where there is a formal and material aspect of right, allows us to understand theRechtslehreas progressing through a syllogistic deduction from innate right (major), private right (minor) to public right (conclusion). Material right is made necessary through its subsumption under formal right in the civil condition.
Finite spectrum of fourth-order boundary value problems with boundary and transmission conditions dependent on the spectral parameter
Authors: Zhang Na , Ao Ji-jun
Published: September 2023

A kind of fourth-order boundary value problem with eigenparameter-dependent boundary and transmission conditions is investigated. By constructing the characteristic function, we prove that the problems consist of a finite number of eigenvalues. We obtain that the number of eigenvalues of the problems not only depend on the order of the equation but also depend on the partition of the domain interval, the boundary conditions, and the eigenparameter-dependent transmission conditions.