bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Psychophysics in Head‐Fixed Mice
Authors: Krauzlis Richard J. , Nichols Nick , Rangarajan Krsna V. , McAlonan Kerry , Goldstein Sheridan , Yochelson Daniel , Wang Lupeng
Published: March 2020

We describe a set of protocols for doing visual psychophysical experiments in head‐fixed mice. The goal of this approach was to conduct in mice the same type of precise and well‐controlled tests of visual perception and decision making as is commonly done in primates. For example, these experimental protocols were the basis for our demonstration that mice are capable of visual selective attention in paradigms adapted from classic attention cueing paradigms in primates. Basic Protocol 1 describes how to construct the experimental apparatus, including the removable wheel assembly on which the mice run during the visual tasks, the lick spout used to deliver rewards and detect licks, and the behavioral box that places these components together with the visual displays. We also describe the functions of the computerized control system and the design of the customized head fixture. Basic Protocol 2 describes the preparation of mice for the experiments, including the detailed surgical steps. Basic Protocol 3 describes the transition to a food schedule for the mice and how to operate the experimental apparatus. Basic Protocol 4 outlines the logic of the task design and the steps necessary for training the mice. Finally, Basic Protocol 5 describes how to obtain and analyze the psychometric data. Our methods include several distinctive features, including a custom quick‐release method for holding the head and specific strategies for training mice over multiple weeks. Published 2020. U.S. Government.

Basic Protocol 1: Experimental apparatus

Basic Protocol 2: Head fixture surgery

Basic Protocol 3: General operation of the experimental apparatus

Basic Protocol 4: Behavioral task design and training

Basic Protocol 5: Psychometric data collection and analysis
Entangled external and internal controls on submarine fan evolution: an experimental perspective
Authors: Ferguson Ross A. , Kane Ian A. , Eggenhuisen Joris T. , Pohl Florian , Tilston Mike , Spychala Yvonne T. , Brunt Rufus L.
Published: March 2020

Submarine fans are formed by sediment‐laden flows shed from continental margins into ocean basins. Their morphology represents the interplay of external controls such as tectonics, climate and sea level with internal processes including channel migration and lobe compensation. However, the nature of this interaction is poorly understood. Physical modelling was used to represent the evolution of a natural‐scale submarine fan deposited during an externally forced waxing‐to‐waning sediment supply cycle. This was achieved by running five successive experimental turbidity currents with incrementally increasing then decreasing sediment supply rates. Deposits built upon the deposits of earlier flows and the distribution of erosion and deposition after each flow was recorded using digital elevation models. Initially, increasing sediment supply rate (waxing phase) led to widening and deepening of the slope channel, with basin‐floor deposits compensationally stepping forwards into the basin, favouring topographic lows. When sediment supply rate was decreased (waning phase), the slope‐channel filled as the bulk of the deposit abruptly back‐stepped due to interaction with depositional topography. Therefore, despite flows in the waxing and waning phases of sediment supply having nominally identical input conditions (i.e. sediment concentration, supply rate, grain size, etc.), depositional relief led to development of markedly different deposits. This demonstrates how external controls can be preserved in the depositional record through the progradation of basin floor deposits but that internal processes such as compensational stacking progressively obscure this signal through time. This evolution serves as an additional potential mechanism to explain commonly observed coarsening and thickening‐upwards lobe deposits, with abrupt transition to thin fine‐grained deposits. Meanwhile within the slope channel, external forcing was more readily detectable through time, with less internally driven reorganization. This validates many existing conceptual models and outcrop observations that channels are more influenced by external forcing whilst internal processes dominate basin floor lobe deposits in submarine fans.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Hexafluoridomolybdates(V) A[MoF6] (A = Li – Cs)
Authors: Stene Riane E. , Scheibe Benjamin , Petry Winfried , Kraus Florian
Published: March 2020

The hexafluoridomolybdates(V), A[MoF6] (A = Li – Cs), were synthesized by reacting molybdenum pentafluoride (MoF5) with the alkali metal fluorides in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF) solution. Single crystals of A[MoF6] (A = Li, Na, Rb, Cs) were grown from solution and analyzed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The vibrational spectrum of each salt is reported in detail and compared to previously reported spectra. During analysis of the cubic modification of Na[MoF6] it was noticed that a phase transition occurs around 228 K. Some details regarding this phase transition are discussed. Attempts to determine the structure of the low‐temperature phase of Na[MoF6] lead to the observation of the Na[MoF6]·2HF solvate. Additionally, in an attempt to synthesize Na[MoF7] by the oxidation of Na[MoF6] in chlorine trifluoride (ClF3), a tetragonal modification of Na[MoF6] was observed. The crystal structures of the Na[MoF6]·2HF solvate and tetragonal modification of Na[MoF6] are also discussed in detail.
Formation and dynamics of vegetated fluvial landforms follow the biogeomorphological succession model in a channelized river
Authors: Corenblit Dov , Vautier Franck , González Eduardo , Steiger Johannes
Published: March 2020

Feedback between hydrogeomorphological processes and riparian plants drives landscape dynamics and vegetation succession in river corridors. We describe the consequences of biogeomorphological feedback on the formation and dynamics of vegetated fluvial landforms based on observations from the channelized Isère River in France. The channel was laterally confined with embankments and mostly straightened. From the beginning of the 1970s to the end of the 1990s, alternate bars were progressively but heavily colonized by vegetation. This context presented an exceptional opportunity to analyse temporal adjustments between fluvial landforms and vegetation succession from bare gravel bars to mature upland forest as the consequence of biogeomorphological interactions. Based on a GIS analysis of aerial photographs (between 1948 and 1996), we show that the spatiotemporal organization of vegetated bars within the river channel observed in 1996 resulted from a bioconstruction and biostabilization effect of vegetation and interactions between bars of varying age, size and mobility. Field measurements in 1996 reflected how a strong positive feedback between sedimentary dynamics and riparian vegetation succession resulted in the construction of the vegetated bars. A highly significant statistical association of geomorphological and vegetation variables (RV of co‐inertia analysis = 0.41, p < 0.001) explained 95% of the variability in just one axis, supporting the existence of very strong feedback between geomorphological changes (i.e. the transformation of small bare alternate bars to fluvial landforms covered by mature upland forest, and vegetation succession). Such dynamics reflect the fluvial biogeomorphological successions model, as described by the authors earlier. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The older adult: Associated fire risks and current challenges for the development of future fire safety intervention strategies
Authors: Cassidy Peter , McConnell Nigel , Boyce Karen
Published: March 2020

Research has highlighted that older people, that is, those aged 60 and over, are over‐represented in fatal fire statistics across the globe. The aim of this study was to investigate the circumstances surrounding fatal fires involving older people and examine the role of individuals and agencies that are in contact with the most vulnerable and how they can be involved in reducing fire risk. The study was conducted in two phases. Firstly, a retrospective analysis was conducted of the circumstances surrounding 99 accidental fatal dwelling fires involving 100 older people during a 20‐year period. Results suggested that most fires ignited in the living room or the bedroom and these were also the most common locations of the fatalities. The most common causes of the fire were smoking materials, hot coals, cooking and electrical faults and the majority of older fire fatalities had a smoke alarm which operated. Importantly, there was evidence of regular contact between the fatality and at least one other individual from the community prior to the fire. For this reason, the second phase of the research involved focus groups with friends, relatives, neighbours and carers of older people with a view to understanding their attitudes and experiences with regard to fire safety. Overall, the focus groups provided evidence that those in contact with older people regularly observe fire risks in the homes of older people. In addition, gaps were evident in the fire safety knowledge, not only of older people, but also for those assisting older people. In light of the findings, this article also considers the core messages that should be included in any potential future fire safety intervention strategies aimed at the older adult.
Effective SNP ranking improves the performance of eQTL mapping
Authors: Jeng X. Jessie , Rhyne Jacob , Zhang Teng , Tzeng Jung‐Ying
Published: March 2020

Genome‐wide expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) mapping explores the relationship between gene expression and DNA variants, such as single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), to understand genetic basis of human diseases. Due to the large number of genes and SNPs that need to be assessed, current methods for eQTL mapping often suffer from low detection power, especially for identifying trans‐eQTLs. In this paper, we propose the idea of performing SNP ranking based on the higher criticism statistic, a summary statistic developed in large‐scale signal detection. We illustrate how the HC‐based SNP ranking can effectively prioritize eQTL signals over noise, greatly reduce the burden of joint modeling, and improve the power for eQTL mapping. Numerical results in simulation studies demonstrate the superior performance of our method compared to existing methods. The proposed method is also evaluated in HapMap eQTL data analysis and the results are compared to a database of known eQTLs.
Signaling pathways of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms exposed to xenobiotics
Authors: Silvestre Frédéric
Published: March 2020

Oxidative stress is frequently generated in cells of organisms exposed to environmental pollutants. The production of reactive oxygen species can have either adaptive or maladaptive consequences for the organism as well as for the entire population. However, regarding fish species and other invertebrates exposed to aquatic xenobiotics, the signaling pathways of oxidative stress still lacks a comprehensive characterization. After reviewing the recent literature, we show that important pathways described in mammals are also activated in aquatic species in response to a variety of xenobiotics. A central actor is the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, which regulates the expression of ARE‐driven genes including Gr, Gpx, or Cat. Other important activated pathways concern PPAR, MAPKs, NF‐κB, and even AhR. Moreover, the autophagy and apoptosis pathways are also involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Importantly, there exists crosstalks between these pathways, which together activate a complex cellular antioxidative machinery in response to different xenobiotics. However, our knowledge of these responses in aquatic organisms is still fragmentary. Efforts should be made to extend the number of studied species and better characterize the organ‐dependency and age‐dependency of the responses. However, the huge number and variety of chemicals present in the environment makes the task difficult. Deciphering these key pathways can help to understand the mode of action of pollutants and consequently help to assess the environmental risk in aquatic ecosystems.
Jai (rest), Chai (tea) and Wi‐Fi: Exploring Feasibility of Mobile Language Learning App for Asylum Seekers in Greater Athens
Authors: Husain Matt M.
Published: March 2020

This paper problematizes asylum seekers' social, economic and cultural experiences in Greater Athens and explored how their lack of proficiency in the Greek language impede gaining a foothold. A preliminary, multisited observational investigation was conducted based on interdisciplinary approach. The empirical findings based on 21 informal interviews at two day camps indicate asylum seekers face acute linguistic issues. In addition, lack of reliable and consistent translators frequently deepens communication challenges. The transcultural findings also suggest mobile language learning technology can assist the asylum seekers, as well as the non‐governmental organization personnel to overcome communication barriers. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to train and evaluate minimally invasive pancreas surgery
Authors: Vining Charles C. , Hogg Melissa E.
Published: March 2020

Training for minimally invasive pancreas surgery is critical as an evolving body of literature supports its use with acceptable outcomes during training and improved short term outcomes following completion. Although case volume needed to achieve mastery remains unclear, improved outcomes for both laparoscopic and robotic pancreatectomy are demonstrated following a learning curve and inflection point. Therefore, dedicated training curricula for both laparoscopic and robotic pancreatectomy have been developed to mitigate this learning curve and improve outcomes.
Validated ecofriendly chromatographic method for quantitative determination of anti‐migraine quaternary mixture
Authors: Farid Nehal F. , Naguib Ibrahim A. , Abdelhamid Nessreen S. , Anwar Basma H. , Magdy Maimana A.
Published: March 2020

A novel ecofriendly, cost and time saving high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of metoclopramide, ergotamine, caffeine, and paracetamol in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The separation was carried out on silica gel plates, using ethyl acetate:ethanol:ammonia (9:1:0.1, v/v/v) as a developing system. Ultraviolet detection was carried out at 272 nm. The resulting retention times were 0.15, 0.36, 0.49, and 0.74 min for metoclopramide, ergotamine, caffeine, and paracetamol, respectively. The greenness profile assessment was achieved to the proposed method to evaluate its greenness characters to the environment with acceptable results. Validation parameters were checked according to International Conference of Harmonization guidelines to achieve the international requirements for quality control analysis of the proposed drugs.
Experiences of Sexual Harassment, Stalking, and Sexual Assault During Military Service Among LGBT and Non‐LGBT Service Members
Authors: Schuyler Ashley C. , Klemmer Cary , Mamey Mary Rose , Schrager Sheree M. , Goldbach Jeremy T. , Holloway Ian W. , Castro Carl Andrew
Published: March 2020

Sexual victimization, including sexual harassment and assault, remains a persistent problem in the U.S. military. Service members identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) may face enhanced risk, but existing research is limited. We examined experiences of sexual harassment, stalking, and sexual assault victimization during service in a sample of LGBT and non‐LGBT active duty service members. Service members who identified as LGBT (n = 227 LGB, n = 56 transgender) or non‐LGBT (n = 276) were recruited using respondent‐driven sampling for an online survey. Logistic regression models examined the correlates of sexual and stalking victimization. Victimization was common among LGBT service members, including sexual harassment (80.7% LGB, 83.9% transgender), stalking (38.6% LGB, 30.4% transgender), and sexual assault (25.7% LGB, 30.4% transgender). In multivariable models, LGB identity remained a significant predictor of sexual harassment, OR = 4.14, 95% CI [2.21, 7.78]; stalking, OR = 1.98, 95% CI [1.27, 3.11]; and assault, OR = 2.07, 95% CI [1.25, 3.41]. A significant interaction between LGB identity and sex at birth, OR = 0.34, 95% CI [0.13, 0.88], suggests an elevated sexual harassment risk among male, but not female, LGB service members. Transgender identity predicted sexual harassment and assault at the bivariate level only. These findings suggest that LGBT service members remain at an elevated risk of sexual and/or stalking victimization. As the military works toward more integration and acceptance of LGBT service members, insight into victimization experiences can inform tailored research and intervention approaches aimed at prevention and care for victims.
Dietary history of two human individuals at the Yingpanshan site, Sichuan Province, revealed by carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of serial samples of dentinal collagen
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Yi , Lin Kuei‐Chen , Chen Jian , Czermak Andrea
Published: March 2020

Instead of the conventional approach to sectioning tooth dentine horizontally for isotope analysis, a new serial sampling strategy has been developed recently. This new method considers the developmental direction of growth lines in dentine when samples are sectioned. It can therefore provide more precise and detailed information about an individual's dietary history, including breastfeeding/weaning patterns, infant feeding experiences, and dietary shifts throughout the early life of an individual. In order to enhance our understanding of human groups in ancient Sichuan, it is practical and necessary to apply this new technique to archaeological samples from this region.

In this study, carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of bone and serial dentinal collagen from two Yingpanshan human individuals (M32 and M40) were analysed and compared, in order to reveal the dietary history during their lifetime. Results indicate that their long‐term averaged diets after childhood consisted of both C3 and C4‐type foods, predominantly the former. The contribution of animal protein to the childhood diet of individual M40, between the ages of 3.0 and 7.5, was similar to his long‐term averaged diet after childhood. He had also consumed more millets during the childhood. By comparison, individual M32 consumed more animal protein and likely also more C3‐type foods between the ages of 4.5 and 13.5 than after childhood. Little variations in δ15N dentinal collagen of each individual suggest that the relative consumption of animal to plant foods in their respective diets was more or less consistent in their childhood. However, the larger variations in the δ13C values of dentine samples show that the proportion of C3 and C4‐plant foods in their respective diets varied at different phases in their childhood. The variations are probably related to environmental factors and/or human behaviour. The dietary history and weaning practices revealed by using this technique also indicate that the two individuals might have been non‐locals or received some foods that originated from the outside.
Ear infection prevalence in prehistoric and historic populations of the southern Levant: A new diagnostic method
Authors: Floreanova Katarina , Gilat Efrat , Koren Ilan , May Hila
Published: March 2020

Studying infectious diseases in ancient times is of significant importance to our understanding of past populations' ways of life. Otitis media (OM) is beneficial for this purpose because it is frequent and influenced by environmental conditions. The aims of the current study were to create a reliable criterion for identifying OM in skeletal material, and to follow trends regarding the prevalence of OM throughout the terminal Pleistocene–Holocene Levant.

Complete petrous bones of 229 individuals from six populations of the terminal Pleistocene–Holocene Levant (14,900 cal bp–1,917 ad) were included in the study. The promontory of the middle ear was examined using a flexible videoscope and a microscope. The observations were validated by micro‐computed tomography (CT) images. The absence or presence of bone remodelling on the promontory surface was registered as well as the appearance of the promontory sulcus (open or covered). Kappa tests were carried out to examine intra‐ and inter‐observer variation. Chi‐squared tests were carried out to examine the association between promontory appearance and period as well as the association between the presence of bone remodelling and the sulcus type.

The suggested criteria were found to be reliable. A fluctuation in the prevalence of bone remodelling on the promontory surface was found during the studied period. The highest prevalence (80%) was among the protohistoric populations, followed by the prehistoric populations (~60.6%), and finally, the historic populations (~50.4%). The types of promontory sulcus remained relatively stable during the studied period. Moreover, no significant association was found between the presence of bone remodelling on the promontory surface and the sulcus type.

To conclude, bone remodelling on the promontory surface is a new, simple, and reliable method to identify OM in skeletal material. However, promontory sulcus type is most likely not associated with OM. The fluctuations in OM prevalence during the Holocene Levant were probably due to habitation type and climate conditions.
Real‐world persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight management and the SaxendaCare® patient support program
Authors: Wharton Sean , Haase Christiane L , Kamran Elham , Liu Aiden , Mancini Johanna , Neish Drew , Pakseresht Arash , Power G Sarah , Christensen Rebecca AG
Published: March 2020

Objective

Weight management medications can significantly increase patients' chances of achieving a clinically meaningful weight loss if patients persist with treatment. This retrospective observational study of de‐identified medical records of 311 patients is the first real‐world study examining persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg in Canada, and also investigates associations between the SaxendaCare® patient support program and persistence and weight loss.

Methods

Overall persistence was assessed, as well as associations of enrollment in SaxendaCare®, persistence and weight loss.

Results

Overall mean (standard deviation) persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg was 6.3 (4.1) months, and 67.5% (n = 210) and 53.7% (n = 167) of patients persisted for ≥4 and ≥ 6 months, respectively. Enrollment in SaxendaCare® was associated with significantly longer persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg and greater weight loss. Patients enrolled in SaxendaCare® (n = 119) persisted for 7.9 (4.0) versus 5.2 (3.8) months for those not enrolled (n = 184) (p < 0.001), and had significantly greater percent weight loss after 6 months regardless of the duration of their persistence (−7.9% vs −5.5% from baseline, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that, in clinical settings, persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg can exceed 6 months, and that enrolling in SaxendaCare® may be associated with comparatively longer persistence and, regardless of persistence, greater weight loss.
Three‐dimensional organization of the cytoskeleton: A cryo‐electron tomography perspective
Authors: Chakraborty Saikat , Jasnin Marion , Baumeister Wolfgang
Published: March 2020

Traditionally, structures of cytoskeletal components have been studied ex situ, that is, with biochemically purified materials. There are compelling reasons to develop approaches to study them in situ in their native functional context. In recent years, cryo‐electron tomography emerged as a powerful method for visualizing the molecular organization of unperturbed cellular landscapes with the potential to attain near‐atomic resolution. Here, we review recent works on the cytoskeleton using cryo‐electron tomography, demonstrating the power of in situ studies. We also highlight the potential of this method in addressing important questions pertinent to the field of cytoskeletal biomechanics.
The Liberalization of Microfluidics: Form 2 Benchtop 3D Printing as an Affordable Alternative to Established Manufacturing Methods
Authors: Heidt Benjamin , Rogosic Renato , Bonni Silvio , Passariello-Jansen Juliette , Dimech David , Lowdon Joseph W. , Arreguin-Campos Rocio , Steen Redeker Erik , Eersels Kasper , Diliën Hanne , van Grinsven Bart , Cleij Thomas J.
Published: March 2020

In laboratory environments, 3D printing is used for fast prototyping of assays and devices. Stereolithographic (SLA) 3D printers are proven to be the best choice for most researchers due to their small feature size, which is achieved by selectively curing liquid resin using a laser with a small focal point and then forming consecutive layers out of cured polymer. However, in microfluidic applications, where the limits of these machines are reached, the final results are influenced by many factors. In this work, the Form 2 SLA printer is tested to show how to achieve the best printing results for the creation of microfluidic channels. Several test structures are designed and printed with embedded and open channels in different orientations, sizes, and resins. Embedded channels significantly under perform when compared with open surface channels in terms of accuracy. Under the best printing conditions, 500 μm is the limit for embedded channels, whereas the open surface channels show good accuracy up to widths and depths of 250 μm.
Stiffness of Synclastic Wood‐Based Auxetic Sandwich Panels
Authors: Peliński Krzysztof , Smardzewski Jerzy , Narojczyk Jakub
Published: March 2020

Auxeticity of materials improves several of their mechanical properties, especially shear, impact, and bending resistance. It also improves ability of materials to absorb impact energy as well as the overall stiffness of structures. In this research, authors examine synclastic panels made from novel wood‐based composites. The aim is to determine the force–displacement characteristics during uniaxial compression and obtain the stiffness of the panels. These data allow one to predict the behavior of a panel during two‐axial bending with different support scenarios. Finite element method (FEM) analysis is performed, with the use of model material, to determine the impact of varied facings thickness as well as different types of materials and core structures, on the stiffness of synclastic panels. It is demonstrated that proposed multilayer composites allow forming (technologically difficult) spherical shapes, without additional heat and pressure treatment. The type of an outer layer material strictly determines the usability and ease of two‐axial bending process. Presented composites are interesting materials, that can be adopted into the wood industry as a replacement for traditional materials, e.g., bent plywood.
The Development of Mesoporous Ni‐Based Catalysts and Evaluation of Their Catalytic and Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Kour Sharanmeet , Mishra Ankit , Sinha Anil , Kaur Pawandeep , Singh Hari
Published: March 2020

Porous Ni‐based catalysts have attracted extensive attention for a wide range of applications in energy production and environmental remediation due to controllable morphology, high dispersion. These properties are mainly governed by a number of parameters such as compositions, synthesis methods, their structural morphology, and surface area. Various efforts have made to develop unsupported template‐assisted catalysts with specific nanostructures and surface properties, a new approach in supramolecular chemistry. This review reports a detailed overview of the development of mesoporous nickel‐based catalysts for energy and environmental applications. This review also looks at recent advancements, synthesis routes for porous nickel‐based catalysts, and comparative study with the reported Ni‐based catalysts. This review addresses numerous characteristic reactions and processes in the utilization of organic wastes, highlighting the significance of developing porous, proficient, and stable Ni‐based catalysts.
Crystal and Quantum Chemical Exploration of the Potent Monocarbonyl Curcuminoids to Unveil Their Structural and Intriguing Electronic Properties
Authors: Ali Akbar , Din Zia Ud , Khalid Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Rodrigues‐Filho Edson , Ali Bakhat , Asim Sumreen , Muhammad Shabbir
Published: March 2020

The two isomeric trifluoromethane and nitro containing monocarbonylcurcuminoids: (1E,4E)‐2‐methyl‐1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐(4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)penta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐one (DI‐MNTDO ) and (1E,4E)‐2‐methyl‐5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)penta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐one (MO‐MNTDO)have been prepared by two consecutive aldol condensation reactions. The chemical structures of the DI‐MNTDO and MO‐MNTDO have been determined using X‐ray crystallographic and spectrometric methods. The single crystal X‐Ray diffraction (SC‐XRD) data reveals that DI‐MNTDO contains two geometrically different molecules in the asymmetric unit, while, MO‐MNTDO contains one molecule in the asymmetric unit. Additionally, molecular geometric parameters, vibrational spectral analysis, as well as electronic properties of the above‐mentioned molecules have been studied utilizing DFT/B3LYP/6‐31G (d, p) approach. The UV‐Vis spectral analysis was performed utilizing the time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) with the same level. The natural bond orbitals (NBOs) investigation has been carried out at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) approach to explain the intramolecular hyper conjugative interactions. A plausible concurrence is acquired between experimental and theoretical findings. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) have been achieved by above‐mentioned level of theory. Subsequently, the global reactivity parameters are calculated using the energies of FMOs. The chemical potential (μ) order: [MO‐MNTDO (μ=‐5.0785 eV)] < [DI‐MNTDO (μ=‐4.9465 eV)]. The obtained findings in context of stability as well as reactivity indicate that DI‐MNTDO is more stable and less reactive as compared to MO‐MNTDO.
A Catalyst of Pd@MIL‐101@SGO Catalyzes Epoxidation and Hydroxymethoxylation Tandem Reactions of Styrene
Authors: Tang Hong , Zhou Mei‐Li , Li Xin , Zhang Yu‐Yang , Han Zheng‐Bo
Published: March 2020

Brönsted acid and metal nanoparticles are important catalytic functional groups. In this work, a bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst with both strong Brönsted acid and metal nanoparticles was prepared. First Brönsted acid groups were obtained by sulfonating graphene oxide, next metal organic frameworks MIL‐101 (Cr) grew on sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO), then palladium nanoparticles (NPs) were encapsulated in MIL‐101@SGO composites. The catalyst was characterized by a variety of different techniques including XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, FT‐IR, TGA, and nitrogen physisorption measurements. Tandem heterogeneous catalysis of Pd@MIL‐101@SGO was investigated for the one‐pot direct conversion of styrene into β‐alkoxy alcohol. The catalyst retained high catalytic activity after 5 times of reuses in aqueous solutions. No loss of crystal structure was detected by PXRD and no leakage of Pd was detected by ICP‐AES. Therefore, Pd@MIL‐101@SGO proved to be an effective recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for synthesizing β‐alkoxy alcohol and exhibited potential application in industry.
Determination of Carmoisine onto Carbon‐Paste Electrode Modified by Silica Impregnated with Cetylpyridinium Chloride
Authors: Chebotarev Alexander N. , Pliuta Konstantin V. , Snigur Denys V.
Published: March 2020

In this paper a simple, cheap and sensitive electrochemical sensor for determination of Carmoisine in soft drinks was developed. Carmoisine is a synthetic azo dye which is used in food products. In this work effective voltammetric sensor based on carbon‐paste electrode modified by silica impregnated with cetylpyridinium chloride to increase the sensitivity of Carmoisine detection was proposed. The voltammetric behavior of Carmoisine, the number of protons and electrons involved in the oxidation process were studied. The probable mechanism of Carmoisine oxidation on the developed sensor was suggested. The optimal conditions for the square‐wave voltammetric determination of Carmoisine onto developed sensor were found to be: pH=2; Eads=400 mV; tads=300s; A=50 mV; ν=25 Hz, υ=100 mV/s. The calibration curve was linear in the range of Carmoisine concentrations 0,08‐1 μM. The proposed method was successfully tested in the analysis of Carmoisine in soft drinks with RSD not more than 5%.
Electrochemical Fabrication of Copper and Tin Micro‐Crystals from a Protic Ionic Liquid Medium
Authors: Bhujbal Akshay Vilas , Rout Alok , Venkatesan Konda A. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: March 2020

New protic ionic liquid, namely 1‐Methylpiperidinium trifluoromethane sulphonate [HmPip][OTf] was synthesized and employed for the dissolution of Cu and Sn metal precursors followed by the electrodeposition process of the subsequent metals. The cyclic voltammogram of [HmPip][OTf], CuCl2 (80 mM) in [HmPip][OTf] and SnCl2 (65 mM) in [HmPip][OTf] phase recorded at glassy carbon electrode (working electrode), with the glassy carbon as counter and platinum as the reference electrode. The CV indicates that Cu2+ underwent two‐step one‐electron transfer, whereas Sn2+ reduced via one step two‐electron transfer. The diffusion coefficient of Cu1+, Cu2+ and Sn2+ ions in [HmPip][OTf] phase were evaluated by the CV method. The experimental temperature and the scan rate were set at 353 K and 110 mV/s respectively. Electrodeposition of Cu and Sn was done at their corresponding reduction potential determined from cyclic voltammetry. Spectroscopic investigation of the deposits obtained after electrodeposition is done by SEM‐EDX as well as XRD.
Location matters: Valuing firm‐specific nonmarket risk in the global mining industry
Authors: Oh Chang Hoon , Shapiro Daniel , Ho Shuna Shu Ham , Shin Jiyoung
Published: March 2020

Research summary

Using collective action and social movement theory, we investigate the potential incentives and ability of stakeholders to engage in collective action that can increase firm‐specific nonmarket risk of mining companies. We argue that proximity to the nearest environmentally sensitive water source increases the probability that local stakeholders will take collective actions that impose material costs on the focal mine. We hypothesize that stock markets recognize this nonmarket risk and apply a discount on announcements related to mines located near such areas, and that these risks are moderated by the type of mineral, the nature of the water source, and the strength of host country institutions. Using a unique data set and an event study method, we find support for most of our arguments.

Managerial summary

We argue that mines located near environmentally sensitive water sources are subject to nonmarket risks arising from the potential collective actions of local stakeholders and their allies. Stakeholder mobilization can impose material costs on a mine in the form of delays, regulatory hurdles, and closure. We find that stock markets recognize these nonmarket risks and apply a discount on announcements by mining companies whose mines are located near environmentally sensitive water sources, particularly rivers. However, we also find that investor reaction is stronger in countries with strong institutions that support collective action. Thus, nonmarket risk management is important even in countries that are typically characterized by low political and institutional risks. We discuss the degree to which these results can be generalized beyond mining.
Searching for knowledge in response to proximate and remote problem sources: Evidence from the U.S. renewable electricity industry
Authors: Dutt Nilanjana , Mitchell Will
Published: March 2020

Research Summary

We consider how different problem sources—proximate versus remote—relate to heterogeneity in search breadth. While studies of search have established the importance of search breadth, and argued that problems trigger search, they have focused on a single problem source instigating search. We extend prior research by considering how search breadth differs in the presence of proximate and remote problem sources. Because of differences in familiarity with each type of problem, and in expectations of their ability to influence the problem source, problems triggered by remote sources associate with greater breadth. Firms' technological capabilities, meanwhile, temper these findings; capable firms exhibit broader search when facing problems raised by proximate sources. Using data describing the U.S. renewable electricity sector, we generate theoretical and empirical implications.

Managerial Summary

When facing new problems, firms tend to seek knowledge from various sources to better understand the problem and identify relevant solutions. The source of the problem may be an important trigger to the breadth of search activities, particularly whether the source is proximate or remote. To test this notion, we compare U.S. utility firms' search breadth when facing regulations emphasizing increased renewable generation, from both the federal and the state government. We find that firms tend to search for knowledge about renewable technologies more broadly following federal regulatory actions. However, firms that have previously generated renewable electricity search more broadly following state regulatory actions. By exploring firms' choices in the U.S. renewable electricity sector, our research generates important managerial and public policy implications.
Pattern‐based software process modeling for dependability
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Wang Xu , Yun Wei , Gao Chen , Han Mengting , Liu Hui
Published: March 2020

Traditional process modeling focuses on modeling activities for functional requirements. For dependability requirements, a knowledge‐based aspect‐oriented software process modeling approach is proposed. First, we extend the pattern and context to the knowledge graph triplet structure to describe dependability‐oriented knowledge patterns. By applying the patterns, dependability requirements can be organized into dependability‐related activities that are integrated into the software process. Then, aspect‐oriented modeling patterns based on Petri nets are introduced to support the integration of these dependability‐related activities and model dependability‐oriented software processes. Finally, the modeling performance and the subjective usability of the patterns are evaluated by 110 students with different degrees. The results indicate that these two indexes are on the positive track. Hence, the patterns may be the backbone of dependability‐oriented software process modeling.
Advancing provitamin A biofortification in sorghum: Genome‐wide association studies of grain carotenoids in global germplasm
Authors: Cruet‐Burgos Clara , Cox Sarah , Ioerger Brian P. , Perumal Ramasamy , Hu Zhenbin , Herald Thomas J. , Bean Scott R. , Rhodes Davina H.
Published: March 2020

Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies worldwide. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)] is a major cereal crop consumed by millions of people in regions with high vitamin A deficiency. We quantified carotenoid concentrations in a diverse sorghum panel using high‐performance liquid chromatography and conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of grain carotenoids to identify genes underlying carotenoid variation. There was moderate variation for β‐carotene (00.8 μg g−1), lutein (0.3–9.4 μg g−1), and zeaxanthin (0.2–9.1 μg g−1), but β‐cryptoxanthin and α‐carotene were nearly undetectable. Genotype had the largest effect size, at 81% for zeaxanthin, 62% for β‐carotene, and 53% for lutein. Using multiple models, GWAS identified several significant associations between carotenoids and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), some of which colocalized with known carotenoid genes that have not been previously implicated in carotenoid variation. Several of the candidate genes identified have also been identified in maize (Zea mays L.) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) carotenoid GWAS studies. Notably, an SNP inside the putative ortholog of maize zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) had the most significant association with zeaxanthin and with the ratio between lutein and zeaxanthin, suggesting that ZEP is a major gene controlling sorghum carotenoid variation. Overall findings suggest there is oligogenic inheritance for sorghum carotenoids and suitable variation for marker‐assisted selection. The high carotenoid germplasm and significant associations identified in this study can be used in biofortification efforts to improve the nutritional quality of sorghum.
Influence of CF3 Substituents on the Spin Crossover Behavior of Iron(II) Coordination Polymers with Schiff Base‐like Ligands
Authors: Kurz Hannah , Sander Joan , Weber Birgit
Published: March 2020

A Schiff base‐like ligand bearing CF3 substituents was synthesized and converted to iron(II) coordination polymers [{FeL(Lax)}n] using five different bridging ligands Lax. The structure of the coordination polymers was investigated using powder X‐ray diffraction and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction in the case of [{FeL(bipy)}n]. The later revealed an untypical ABAB pattern of alternating equatorial ligands rotated by 180° with regard to each other along the chain. The temperature‐dependent magnetic behavior was investigated with a SQUID magnetometer and the spin states at room temperature were confirmed by 57Fe‐Mössbauer spectroscopy. Three out of five coordination polymers show spin crossover behavior in the temperature range between 50 and 400 K with different kind of curve progressions (abrupt, gradual, step‐wise). The other two coordination polymers are either fully highspin or fully low spin.
Radiative neutrino mass model from a mass dimension-11 ∆L = 2 effective operator
Authors: Gargalionis John , Popa-Mateiu Iulia , Volkas Raymond R.
Published: March 2020

Abstract

We present the first detailed phenomenological analysis of a radiative Majorana neutrino mass model constructed from opening up a ∆L = 2 mass-dimension-11 effective operator constructed out of standard model fields. While three such operators are generated, only one dominates neutrino mass generation, namely $$ {O}_{47}=\overline{L^C}L\overline{Q^C}L\overline{Q}{Q}^C HH, $$

O
47

=

L
C

¯

L

Q
C

¯

L

Q
¯

Q
C

HH
,
where L denotes lepton doublet, Q quark doublet and H Higgs doublet. The under- lying renormalisable theory contains the scalars $$ {S}_1\sim \left(\overline{3},1,1/3\right) $$

S
1

∼

3
¯

1

1
/
3

coupling as a diquark, $$ {S}_3\sim \left(\overline{3},3,1/3\right) $$

S
3

∼

3
¯

3

1
/
3

coupling as a leptoquark, and Φ3 ∼ (3, 3, 2/3), which has no Yukawa couplings but does couple to S1 and S3 in addition to the gauge fields. Neutrino masses and mixings are generated at two-loop order. A feature of this model that is different from many other radiative models is the lack of proportionality to any quark and charged- lepton masses of the neutrino mass matrix. One consequence is that the scale of new physics can be as high as 107 TeV, despite the operator having a high mass dimension. This raises the prospect that ∆L = 2 effective operators at even higher mass dimensions may, when opened up, produce phenomenologically-viable radiative neutrino mass models. The parameter space of the model is explored through benchmark slices that are subject to experimental constraints from charged lepton flavour-violating decays, rare meson de- cays and neutral-meson mixing. The acceptable parameter space can accommodate the anomalies in RK (∗) and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.
F-theory models with U(1) × ℤ2, ℤ4 and transitions in discrete gauge groups
Authors: Kimura Yusuke
Published: March 2020

Abstract

We examine the proposal in the previous paper to resolve the puzzle in transitions in discrete gauge groups. We focus on a four-section geometry to test the proposal. We observed that a discrete ℤ2 gauge group enlarges and U(1) also forms in F-theory along any bisection geometries locus in the four-section geometry built as the complete intersections of two quadrics in ℙ3 fibered over any base. Furthermore, we demonstrate that giving vacuum expectation values to hypermultiplets breaks the enlarged U(1) × ℤ2 gauge group down to a discrete ℤ4 gauge group via Higgsing. We thus confirmed that the proposal in the previous paper is consistent when a four-section splits into a pair of bisections in the four-section geometry. This analysis may be useful for understanding the Higgsing processes occurring in the transitions in discrete gauge groups in six-dimensional F-theory models. We also discuss the construction of a family of six-dimensional F-theory models in which U(1) × ℤ4 forms.
Triple Higgs production at hadron colliders at NNLO in QCD
Authors: de Florian Daniel , Fabre Ignacio , Mazzitelli Javier
Published: March 2020

Abstract

In this work we analyse the triple Higgs boson production cross section at hadron colliders via gluon fusion, and present for the first time the full set of QCD NNLO corrections in the heavy top limit. In order to account for finite top mass effects we perform two different reweighting procedures, and study the dependence of the result on the choice of the approximation. Combining the most accurate predictions available to date, we present the following result for the total NNLO cross section for triple Higgs boson production at a 100 TeV collider: $$ {\sigma}_{\mathrm{NNLO}}={5.56}_{-6\%}^{+5\%} $$

σ
NNLO

=

5.56

−
6
%

+
5
%

± 20% fb, where the first uncertainty is an estimate for higher order effects from scale variations, while the last one is an estimate for the missing finite top mass effects.
Geological development of the Limpopo Shelf (southern Mozambique) during the last sealevel cycle
Authors: Wenau Stefan , Preu Benedict , Spiess Volkhard
Published: March 2020

Paleo-shorelines on continental shelves give insights into the complex development of coastlines during sealevel cycles. This study investigates the geologic development of the Limpopo Shelf during the last sealevel cycle using multichannel seismic and acoustic datasets acquired on the shelf in front of the Limpopo River mouth. A detailed investigation of seismic facies, shelf bathymetry, and a correlation to sea level revealed the presence of numerous submerged shorelines on the shelf. These shorelines are characterized by distinct topographic ridges and are interpreted as coastal dune ridges that formed in periods of intermittent sealevel still-/slowstand during transgression. The shorelines are preserved due to periods of rapid sealevel rise (melt water pulses) that led to the overstepping of the dune ridges as well as due to early cementation of accumulated sediments that increased the erosive resistance of the ridges. The high along-shelf variability of the submerged dune ridges is interpreted as a result of pre-existing topography affecting shoreline positions during transgression. The pre-existing topography is controlled by the underlying sedimentary deposits that are linked to varying fluvial sediment input at different points on the shelf. The numerous prominent submerged dune ridges form barriers for the modern fluvial sediment from the Limpopo River and dam sediment on the inner shelf. They may also facilitate along-shelf current-induced sediment transport.