bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High performance Calcium Copper Titanate/Polyimide dielectrics composites enabled through colloidal stabilization
Authors: Lamm Meghan E. , Armstrong Beth L. , Chowdhury Shajjad , Lamm Benjamin W. , Aytug Tolga , Li Kai , Duckworth Robert , Haynes J. A.
Published: October 2024

Transition to electrified transportation demands advanced power electronic components with the capability to improve range, reliability, and cost of ownership to accelerate mass market adoption. Thus, improvement in the current designs, manufacturing processes, materials, and components capable of providing reliable and efficient operation at higher temperatures play important roles in meeting future needs. To address these challenges, this article focuses on novel dielectric materials designed to reduce the volume of the most important and bulky component of a power electronic system, a capacitor. A new composite dielectric material was developed by integrating the positive attributes of both polymer and ceramic capacitors to overcome the challenges of state‐of‐the‐art dielectric materials. The developed composite properties have been evaluated and showed promising results, achieving a dielectric constant of 250 at 100 Hz, 25°C, unseen in current literature. Additionally, these materials can function at high temperatures (>150°C) with good breakdown strength, providing promising working conditions for capacitors, especially in electric vehicle applications.

Highlights

Dielectric composites were synthesized from calcium copper titanate and polyimide.

A dispersive agent showed promise in achieving a homogenous, stable mixture.

Composites were prepared using tape casting.

A dielectric constant of 250 was achieved at 100 Hz, 25°C.

At elevated temperature, the dielectric constant increased to over 700%.
Attention enhances short‐term monocular deprivation effect
Authors: Wang Jue , He Xin , Bao Min
Published: October 2024

Patching one eye of an adult human for a few hours has been found to promote the dominance of the patched eye, which is called short‐term monocular deprivation effect. Interestingly, recent work has reported that prolonged eye‐specific attention can also cause a shift of ocular dominance toward the unattended eye though visual inputs during adaptation are balanced across the eyes. Considering that patching blocks all input information from one eye, attention is presumably deployed to the opposite eye. Therefore, the short‐term monocular deprivation effect might be, in part, mediated by eye‐specific attentional modulation. Yet this question remains largely unanswered. To address this issue, here we asked participants to perform an attentive tracking task with one eye patched. During the tracking, participants were presented with both target gratings (attended stimuli) and distractor gratings (unattended stimuli) that were distinct from each other in fundamental visual features. Before and after one hour of tracking, they completed a binocular rivalry task to measure perceptual ocular dominance. A larger shift of ocular dominance toward the deprived eye was observed when the binocular rivalry testing gratings shared features with the target gratings during the tracking compared to when they shared features with the distractor gratings. This result, for the first time, suggests that attention can boost the strength of the short‐term monocular deprivation effect. Therefore, the present study sheds new light on the role of attention in ocular dominance plasticity.
Comparison of depression with anxious distress and melancholic depression from the perspective of psychomotor disturbance
Authors: Tamada Yu , Inoue Takeshi , Sekine Atsushi , Toda Hiroyuki , Takeshima Minoru , Sasaki Masaaki , Fujimura Yota , Ohmae Susumu
Published: October 2024

Aim

In the DSM‐5, it is specified that severe cases of major depressive disorder with anxious distress (ANXD) may be accompanied with motor agitation. Agitation, on the other hand, is one of the main characteristics of major depressive disorder with melancholic features (MEL). The purpose of this study was to compare ANXD and MEL in terms of psychomotor disturbance.

Methods

A total of 106 patients with major depressive disorder were included in the study. Psychomotor disturbance was assessed using the CORE measure. The associations of ANXD and MEL with the CORE measure subscales of psychomotor retardation, agitation, and noninteractiveness were analyzed using multivariate logistic analysis.

Results

Retardation scores (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52–0.77) were associated with fewer diagnoses of ANXD, whereas agitation scores (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.60–3.13) were associated with more diagnoses of ANXD. Both noninteractiveness (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.06–1.42) and agitation (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.02–1.58) scores were associated with increased diagnoses of MEL.

Conclusion

Among the characteristics of psychomotor disturbance, agitation is a common feature of both ANXD and MEL, and ANXD and the agitated type of MEL may be overlapping concepts. On the other hand, ANXD is distinguished from the retarded type of MEL by its low level of retardation, whereas MEL but not ANXD is characterized by noninteractiveness.
Responses of ‘Flordaguard’ and ‘MP‐29’ Prunus spp. rootstocks to hypoxia and high root zone temperature
Authors: Richmond‐Cosie Logan , Schaffer Bruce , Shahid Muhammad A. , Chaparro José X. , Sarkhosh Ali
Published: October 2024

Selecting the right rootstock is crucial for successful fruit production and managing both biotic and abiotic stresses in commercial fruit orchards. To enhance the resilience of peach orchards, this study evaluated the physiological and biochemical responses of Prunus spp. rootstocks , ‘Flordaguard’ and ‘MP‐29,’ under normoxia (sufficient oxygen content) or short‐term hypoxia (low‐oxygen content) and ambient or high temperature (40°C) in the root zone. Physiological responses measured were net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, intercellular CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, the leaf chlorophyll index, and the maximum potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II. The leaf concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur, boron, zinc, manganese, iron, and copper were also analyzed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants analyzed were superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, proline content, glycine betaine content (GB), lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide (O2−) concentration, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration. When subjected to root zone hypoxia or high temperature individually, ‘MP‐29’ performed better physiologically than ‘Flordaguard’. However, when root zone hypoxia and high temperature were combined, ‘MP‐29’ performed better biochemically with enhanced antioxidant activity, osmolyte content, and nutrient absorption. Nutrient analysis of leaves revealed that ‘MP‐29’ had higher N, P, K, Ca, and B concentrations than ‘Flordaguard’. Consequently, ‘MP‐29’ demonstrated greater tolerance to short‐term exposure to the combined effects of high root zone temperature and hypoxia. This research contributes to identifying a suitable rootstock within the Prunus genus able to withstand root zone conditions that often result from severe weather events commonly experienced in Florida and other parts of the world.
How to improve academic achievement of students? The influence of academic emphasis on academic achievement with the mediating roles of school belonging, student engagement, and academic resilience
Authors: Baş Gökhan
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of academic emphasis on academic achievement, with the mediating roles of school belonging, student engagement, and academic resilience. The research adopted a cross‐sectional model, with a sample of 452 participants selected through a two‐stage stratified sampling procedure from public primary, middle, and high schools, including students (n = 400) and school principals (n = 52). The research adopted Academic Emphasis Scale, School Belonging Scale, Student Engagement Scale, and Academic Resilience Scale as data collection tools. Also, for determining academic achievement, students' grade point average scores in reading, mathematics, and science were used. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothetical model created based on the research variables, by using Mplus 8.3. The results of the research indicated that there were positive associations between variables. The research also showed that the measurement model provided a good fit to the data, with displaying statistically significant paths. The research suggested that academic emphasis has a positive influence on academic achievement, with school belonging, student engagement, and academic resilience playing mediating roles.
Features of children with critical asthma hospitalized in a pediatric intensive care unit: Results from the ICU‐3A study
Authors: Eusebe Claire , Dauger Stéphane , Leger Pierre‐Louis , Houdouin Véronique , Renolleau Sylvain , Amat Flore
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Despite improvements in long‐term asthma treatment, an increasing number of children are being hospitalized in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) for asthma. The main objective of this study was to describe a recent cohort of children hospitalized in PICU for asthma to identify risk factors associated with a need for respiratory support, and multiple PICU stays.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study in three PICUs in Paris (intensive care units 3A Study), using medical files of children hospitalized for asthma between February 2019 and October 2020. Need for respiratory support was defined by the need for high‐flow nasal cannula or mechanical ventilation (MV) (either noninvasive [NIV] or invasive [IMV]).

Results

During the study period, 252 stays corresponding to 234 patients were analyzed. MV was required in 17.5% of stays, for significantly younger patients (2.37 vs. 4.18 years, p = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, a higher risk of progression to a need for respiratory support was found for children requiring magnesium sulfate or oxygen therapy ≥6 L/mn before PICU admission (RR 4.48; CI95% [1.85−10.89]; p = 0.001, and RR 2.86; CI95% [1.13−7.22]; p = 0.03, respectively), and those with atelectasis detected on chest radiography (RR 3.38; CI95% [1.43−8.00]; p < 0.01). Multiple PICU stays were associated with greater social deprivation (RR for French Deprivation Index 1.25; CI95% [1.03−1.51]; p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Children experiencing social deprivation are at greater risk of multiple PICU stays for severe asthma. After transfer to PICU, children with chest radiograph detected atelectasis on admission are at higher risk of needing respiratory support.
Synthesis and Properties of N1, N3‐di (2,4‐dinitrophenyl) −2‐fluoro‐1,3‐diamino‐4,6‐ Dinitrobenzene and its Analogues
Authors: Zhang Xincheng , Li Yanyan , Luo Xiaoyu , Zhang Zhibo , Zhou Qiuju , Chen Luyao
Published: October 2024

Polynitrobenzene compounds are a type of heat‐resistant explosives with excellent thermal stability. This study reported three novel energetic compounds, namely compounds N1, N3‐bis(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)‐2‐fluoro‐4,6‐dinitrobenzene‐1,3‐ diamine (3), 2‐fluoro‐4,6‐dinitro‐N1,N3‐bis(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl)benzene‐1,3‐ diamine (4), and 2‐chloro‐4,6‐dinitro‐N1,N3‐bis(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl)benzene‐1,3‐ diamine (6). The target compounds were prepared with commercially available 2,3,4‐trifluoronitrobenzene and 2,3,4‐trichloronitrobenzole. The crystalline structures of compounds 3, 4, and 6 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and the crystal densities (ρ) were calculated to be 1.7585 g cm−3, 1.6651 g cm−3, and 1.7371 g cm−3, respectively. Based on the calculated standard molar enthalpy of formation and crystal densities, the Chapman–Jouguet detonation properties of 3, 4, and 6 were predicted. Their enthalpy of formation (ΔHf), detonation velocities (D), and detonation pressures (P) were in the ranges of 110.1 kJ mol−1 to 349.9 Kj mol−1, 7264 m s−1 to 7770 m s−1, and 21.8 GPa to 25.9 GPa, respectively. Notably, the density, thermal decomposition temperature, detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and impact sensitivity value of compound 3 were 1.76 g cm−3, 313°C, 7546 m s−1, 24.2 GPa, and 16 J, respectively, suggesting that compound 3 is a high‐performance heat‐resistant explosive.
Is prostatic adenocarcinoma detectable by urine cytology—A multicenter retrospective review
Authors: Tang Cheuk‐Yin , Li Joshua J. X. , Leung Ka Long , Ma Hei Yuet , Ng Joanna K. M. , Yan Ryan T. L. , Teoh Jeremy Y. , VandenBussche Christopher J. , Tse Gary M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Urine cytology is robust for the diagnosis of urothelial lesions, but data on the detection rates of prostatic adenocarcinoma in urine cytology is limited. In this study, a multicenter review was performed to define the clinical role of urine cytology in diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Methods

Cytologic diagnoses of lower tract urine cytology specimens with histology‐proven prostatic adenocarcinoma from three institutions, from a period of over two decades, were reviewed. Clinicopathological parameters—tumor grade, stage, histologic features, and preanalytical factors—prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level and lesion size, were retrieved and compared with cytologic diagnoses.

Results

In total, 2115 urine cytology specimens from 1119 patients were retrieved. The atypia (or above/C3+) and suspicious (or above/C4+) rates were 19.48% and 3.36%. Bilobar and extracapsular involvement, lymphovascular invasion, Gleason score, and International Society of Urological Pathology grade were associated with a positive urine diagnosis (p < 0.05). The atypia (C3+) and suspicious (C4+) rates of urine cytology in patients with a PSA level of ≤4.0 ng/mL was paradoxically higher (p < 0.01), but PSA levels correlated positively with urine diagnosis at higher cutoffs (>10, >20, >50, >100 ng/mL). All these factors remained significant on multivariate analysis (p < 0.05), including a negative correlation with low‐PSA (≤4.0 ng/mL, p = 0.001) and positive correlation with high‐PSA (>20 ng/mL, p = 0.020). Lesion size and multifocality were not associated with urine cytology diagnosis (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Urine cytology showed low sensitivity in detection of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Detection rates were largely positively correlated with PSA levels but not for lesion size nor multifocality, limiting its clinical utility.
Nutritional strategies for improving sarcopenia outcomes in older adults: A narrative review
Authors: Goes‐Santos Beatriz R. , Carson Brian P. , da Fonseca Guilherme Wesley Peixoto , von Haehling Stephan
Published: October 2024

Sarcopenia is characterized by a decline in muscle strength, generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, and impaired physical performance, which are common outcomes used to screen, diagnose, and determine severity of sarcopenia in older adults. These outcomes are associated with poor quality of life, increased risk of falls, hospitalization, and mortality in this population. The development of sarcopenia is underpinned by aging, but other factors can lead to sarcopenia, such as chronic diseases, physical inactivity, inadequate dietary energy intake, and reduced protein intake (nutrition‐related sarcopenia), leading to an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown. Protein digestion and absorption are also modified with age, as well as the reduced capacity of metabolizing protein, hindering older adults from achieving ideal protein consumption (i.e., 1–1.5 g/kg/day). Nutritional supplement strategies, like animal (i.e., whey protein) and plant‐based protein, leucine, and creatine have been shown to play a significant role in improving outcomes related to sarcopenia. However, the impact of other supplements (e.g., branched‐chain amino acids, isolated amino acids, and omega‐3) on sarcopenia and related outcomes remain unclear. This narrative review will discuss the evidence of the impact of these nutritional strategies on sarcopenia outcomes in older adults.
Towards a 2DEnVar surface data assimilation approach within the convective scale numerical weather prediction model AROME‐France
Authors: Marimbordes Sophie , Birman Camille , Arbogast Etienne , Fourrié Nadia , Mahfouf Jean‐François
Published: October 2024

Surface data assimilation (DA) plays a key role in the initialisation of soil variables in coupled surface–atmosphere numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Météo‐France, as many other NWP centres, uses an operational surface DA method based on an optimal interpolation (OI), implemented more than 30 years ago. The current surface DA system implemented at Météo‐France in the operational limited‐area AROME‐France model operates in two steps. First, a two‐dimensional OI method analyses the diagnostic screen‐level parameters, which are then used to initialise the prognostic soil variables according to a one‐dimensional OI method. This article presents the implementation and the results of a new two‐dimensional ensemble‐based variational (2DEnVar) system, using the object‐oriented prediction system framework, for the diagnostic screen‐level variable analyses (2‐m temperature and 2‐m relative humidity) within the AROME‐France model. These analysed variables are then used to initialise the soil temperature and soil moisture of the first and second soil layers. A two‐dimensional variational system is initially implemented and compared with an equivalent system that uses an OI surface analysis. The comparison of 2‐m temperature increments shows that the two systems behave in a similar way. From this two‐dimensional variational approach, a 2DEnVar scheme is developed and compared with the OI screen‐level analysis used operationally (reference system). The results are encouraging even though a degradation in forecast quality is noticed at short ranges for 2‐m temperature and 2‐m relative humidity. This is mainly due to a low spread near the surface in the ensemble‐based data assimilation that is used to compute background‐error covariances in 2DEnVar. Sensitivity tests have been performed to improve the initial version of the 2DEnVar scheme. A positive and significant impact is noticed when a multiplicative inflation is applied to the background perturbations coming from the ensemble‐based data assimilation for the computation of 2‐m temperature and 2‐m relative humidity background‐error covariances. Finally, when comparing the inflated 2DEnVar system with the reference, the two systems behave similarly. This suggests that the 2DEnVar scheme, based on ensemble statistics, is capable of properly reconstructing background‐error structures derived from the empirical correlations described in OI.
A novel technique of airway silicon stent deployment under vision—Dr. Vidyasagar's technique
Authors: Vidyasagar Belgundi Preeti , Gonuguntla Harikishan , Radia Sejal B. , Dhulipala Suhas
Published: October 2024

The conventional methods of silicon stent insertion recommend usage of external loading devices, where the stent is folded into the loading device and pushed in to the tracheobronchial tree using an external pusher which is blind, and leads to placement of stent either distally or proximally needing repositioning or is done with fluoroscopy that involves radiation exposure. We demonstrate our experience in 16 cases of successful silicon stent placement using this technique, wherein an Ultrathin flexible bronchoscope or Hopkins Rigid telescope is pushed alongside the forceps that hold upper end of the folded silicon stent allowing stent placement under direct vision with control over the stent. The Proximal end of the stent can be pulled under vision before deployment for appropriate positioning while pulling the rigid barrel. The stent is always under the operator's control providing excellent control over placement, simplifies the procedure and is safe with no reported complications.
Improving Electrochemical Performance in Planar On‐Chip Zn‐ion Micro‐Batteries via Interlayer Strategies
Authors: Zhu Yijia , Naresh Nibagani , Liu Xiaopeng , Luo Jingli , Fan Yujia , Cao Mengjue , Li Bing , Wang Mingqing , Boruah Buddha Deka
Published: October 2024

The imperative development of planar on‐chip micro‐batteries featuring high‐capacity electrodes and environmentally safer, cost‐effective, and stable systems is crucial for powering forthcoming miniaturized systems‐on‐chip smart devices. However, research in the area of high‐stability micro‐batteries is limited due to the complex fabrication process, the stability of micro‐electrodes during cycling, and the challenge of maintaining higher capacity within a limited device footprint. In response to this need, this study focuses on providing highly stable and high‐capacity micro‐electrodes. This involves adding a PEDOT layer between the electrode material and the current collector, applied within a planar polyaniline cathode and zinc anode device structure to enhance charge storage performance. This straightforward strategy not only improves device stability over long‐term cycling and reduces charge transfer resistance but also increases charge storage capacities from 17.64 to 19.75 µAh cm−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2. Consequently, the Zn‐ion micro‐batteries achieve notable peak areal energy and power of 18.82 µWh cm−2 and 4.37 mW cm−2, respectively. This work proposes an effective strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of planar micro‐batteries, a critical advancement for the development of advanced portable electronics.
Cost‐Effective Acetonitrile‐Based Precursor Solution Mitigates Heterogeneous Nucleation for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Pu Wei , Li Bo , Liu Yang , Huang Yu , Yue Hanyu , Zhang Meng , Tian Jianjun
Published: October 2024

Solution‐processing is the primary method for fabricating high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs), where solvent choice critically influences film formation and quality. Although additives can optimize film formation dynamics by balancing nucleation and growth of perovskite, they can also induce heterogeneous nucleation due to competitive coordination and varying crystallization kinetics, leading to compositional heterogeneity and structural disorders. Herein, a perovskite precursor solution is developed using acetonitrile (ACN) as a weak coordination host solvent instead of the traditional N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). The ACN‐based perovskite precursor solution reduces heterogeneous nucleation typically caused by the competitive coordination effect of DMF, and cuts costs by half compared to DMF‐based precursor solutions. This approach promotes a single crystallization pathway via a dimethyl sulfoxide‐solvated intermediate phase to α‐FAPbI3, which extends the anti‐solvent operation window, and enhances the crystallinity of perovskite films, and reduces defect states. The power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 23.62% and 20.13% is achieved for the PSC and minimodule, respectively. The PSC retains over 97% of its initial efficiency after 800 h of continuous illumination under maximum power point tracking (MPPT). These findings provide valuable insights into solvent interactions in perovskite film formation and offer a cost‐effective strategy for improving the device's performance and stability.
Phosphidation‐Free Synthesis of NixCoyP on Nanostructured N,S,P‐Doped Carbon Networks as Self‐Supported Multifunctional Electrocatalysts
Authors: Knani Sarra , Tauk Myriam , Hajjar Perla , Lacour Marie‐Agnès , Shahrokhi Masoud , Canaff Christine , Morais Cláudia , Morisset Sophie , Huguet Patrice , Cot Didier , Rebiere Bertrand , Oliviero Erwan , Bonniol Valerie , Cambedouzou Julien , Bechelany Mikhael , Tingry Sophie , Kokoh Kouakou Boniface , Napporn Teko Wilhelmin , Guesmi Hazar , Cornu David , Holade Yaovi
Published: October 2024

The synthesis of supported multielement transition metal phosphides (TMPs) to exploit the synergistic interplay between electronic and geometric effects resulting from the presence of different metals in the material and the arrangement of heterogeneous atoms is pivotal for reducing metal content while offering multiple active sites. However, the integration of Ni, Co, and P, for example, into a nanostructured carbon network to develop self‐supporting NixCoyP bimetallic phosphides is limited by several factors, including the synthesis and the discrepancy between the crystal structure of the respective monometallic phosphides. Moreover, conventional synthesis of supported TMPs often separates nanoparticles, support and phosphidation steps, which do not allow tailoring of physical and catalytic properties via particle support, electronic and geometric interactions. Herein, an innovative solid‐state, ex situ phosphidation‐free approach tailored to synthesize a library of self‐supporting NixCoyP TMPs in N,S,P‐modified nanostructured carbon networks generated together with NixCoyP particles is presented. Extensive multivariate characterization validates the unique properties of NixCoyP bimetallic materials with enhanced electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the selective electroconversion of biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) to value‐added 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) with 90–100% Faradaic efficiency. Overall, the synthesis expands the possibilities for tailoring the microstructure of supported TMPs for improved physical/catalytic properties.
k‐mer genome‐wide association study for anthracnose and BCMV resistance in a Phaseolus vulgaris Andean Diversity Panel
Authors: Wiersma Andrew T. , Hamilton John P. , Vaillancourt Brieanne , Brose Julia , Awale Halima E. , Wright Evan M. , Kelly James D. , Buell C. Robin
Published: October 2024

Access to broad genomic resources and closely linked marker‐trait associations for common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) can facilitate development of improved varieties with increased yield, improved market quality traits, and enhanced disease resistance. The emergence of virulent races of anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) highlight the need for improved methods to identify and incorporate pan‐genomic variation in breeding for disease resistance. We sequenced the P. vulgaris Andean Diversity Panel (ADP) and performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify associations for resistance to BCMV and eight races of anthracnose. Historical single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐chip and phenotypic data enabled a three‐way comparison between SNP‐chip, reference‐based whole genome shotgun sequence (WGS)‐SNP, and reference‐free k‐mer (short nucleotide subsequence) GWAS. Across all traits, there was excellent concordance between SNP‐chip, WGS‐SNP, and k‐mer GWAS results—albeit at a much higher marker resolution for the WGS data sets. Significant k‐mer haplotype variation revealed selection of the linked I‐gene and Co‐u traits in North American breeding lines and cultivars. Due to structural variation, only 9.1 to 47.3% of the significantly associated k‐mers could be mapped to the reference genome. Thus, to determine the genetic context of cis‐associated k‐mers, we generated draft whole genome assemblies of four ADP accessions and identified an expanded local repertoire of disease resistance genes associated with resistance to anthracnose and BCMV. With access to variant data in the context of a pan‐genome, high resolution mapping of agronomic traits for common bean is now feasible.
On the Rubidium Thiotellurate(IV) Rb2[TeS3] and its Tritohydrate Rb2[TeS3] ⋅ 1/3 H2O
Authors: Wolff Klaus K. , Pfitzner Arno , Schleid Thomas
Published: October 2024

Rb2[TeS3] and Rb2[TeS3] ⋅ 1/3 H2O were obtained from rubidium azide (RbN3), tellurium and sulfur in 2 : 1 : 3 molar ratios from evacuated fused silica ampoules at 500 °C under more or less anhydrous conditions. Both compounds crystallize orthorhombically in the space group P212121 (Rb2[TeS3]: a=873.42(6) pm, b=1316.73(9) pm, c=2064.59(14) pm; Rb2[TeS3] ⋅ 1/3 H2O: a=872.97(6) pm, b=1299.82(9) pm, c=2148.26(15) pm, both at –173 °C for Z =12) and contain discrete ψ1‐tetrahedral [TeS3]2− anions (d(Te−S)=232–236 pm) in layerwise arrangements. The difference results from the water of hydration in Rb2[TeS3] ⋅ 1/3 H2O, which increases the coordination numbers of half of the six crystallographically distinct Rb+ cations from six and seven (only sulfur) to seven and almost eight by providing with oxygen from H2O an extra ligand (d(Rb−O)=290–318 pm). Red Rb2[TeS3] transforms pseudo‐topotactically into yellow Rb2[TeS3] ⋅ 1/3 H2O immediately upon contact with moist atmosphere. The compounds were screened with X‐ray diffraction, Raman and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as well as thermal analysis.
Identifying Cultural Tourists via Computational Text Analysis and Association Rule Mining
Authors: Neuts Bart
Published: October 2024

Cultural tourism has evolved into a mass market phenomenon that contributes a sizeable portion to international tourist arrivals in Europe. Yet, exact estimates of cultural tourists are hard to come by, due both to a lack of standardized conceptualization, and a difficulty in operationalization. Mostly, estimates are based on visitor surveys, which are expensive to conduct, infrequent, and often do not allow an in-depth analysis of the phenomenon. This paper proposes an alternative analytical methodology, scraping user-generated content and applying computational text analysis and association rule mining on visitor reviews in order to establish both centrality of cultural travel motives and improve understanding of cultural tourism typologies via analysing topical associations within the reviews. The methodology is tested on 2507 reviews for the historical centre of the city of Ghent, Belgium. The results show estimates that are comparable in size to visitor survey statistics, while lending additional information on relative importance of cultural travel motivations.
Stakeholders Engagement Processes for Co-Creation of Strategic Action Plans for Circular and Human-Centred Cultural Tourism in European Heritage Sites
Authors: Ćwikła Małgorzata , Garzillo Cristina , Bosone Martina , Gravagnuolo Antonia
Published: October 2024

Sustainable cultural tourism can be a powerful means to enhance communities’ wellbeing increasing economic wealth in currently less known and remote areas, as well as residents’ awareness on local culture and cultural heritage, environmental preservation and social cohesion. However, tourism activities can threaten cultural and natural resources, especially in fragile natural & cultural areas. Sustainability-led innovation and creativity could contribute to ensure that tourism activity is conducted within a responsible framework, engaging local operators and stakeholders towards reaching shared objectives. The integration of a circular economy oriented approach in cultural tourism strategies can be beneficial to allow sustainable tourism activities which avoid depletion of natural resources, excessive greenhouse gas emissions, over-consumption of cultural resources. Local communities represent the owners and custodians of important natural and cultural resources, thus their active role in cultural tourism strategies development is fundamental to ensure their conservation, regeneration and valorisation over time. Engaging stakeholder groups already at the initial stage of designing changes, can contribute to the development of strategies aiming at implementation of community-based circular and human-centred actions in various areas. The paper describes the co-creation process conducted with various types of stakeholders in six European regions within the Horizon 2020 Be.CULTOUR project. Special attention was given to the process of activating local communities and making them co-create and co-initiative innovative solutions.
Heritage and Territory: Tangible and Intangible Cultural Resources as Drivers of Regional Development in Croatia
Authors: Kuliš Zvonimir , Šimundić Blanka
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the relationship between cultural heritage, tourism demand, and regional development in Croatia using a spatial econometrics approach. A composite Cultural Heritage Index was created based on UNESCO and national material and immaterial cultural assets within the framework of the Horizon 2020 SmartCulTour project. The spatial autoregressive (SAR) model was employed to analyze the impact of cultural heritage and tourism demand on regional development across Croatian NUTS 3 regions while accounting for control variables such as gross value added and trade openness. The findings reveal that cultural heritage has a positive and statistically significant effect on regional development, both directly and indirectly. Tourism demand also plays a vital role in regional development, with the potential for enhancing positive spillover effects. These results contribute to the literature by quantitatively demonstrating the link between cultural heritage, tourism, and regional development in the Croatian context, providing valuable insights for policymakers to foster sustainable cultural tourism activities.
Einleitung
Authors: Kneifel Malte
Published: October 2024

Dieses Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über den Aufbau und Inhalt dieser Untersuchung. Außerdem benennt und kontextualisiert es das Erkenntnisinteresse, das der Untersuchung zugrunde liegt.
Historische Kontextualisierung
Authors: Kneifel Malte
Published: October 2024

In diesem Kapitel erfolgt eine umfassende Aufarbeitung des historischen Kontexts, in dem die in dieser Arbeit zu untersuchenden zapotekisch-spanischen Textpaare angesiedelt sind. Um der Komplexität der historischen Hintergründe gerecht zu werden, knüpft die Kontextualisierung an generelle Aspekten der Kolonisierung Mittelamerikas, der Gründung des Vizekönigreichs Neu-Spanien und davon ausgehend der Kolonisierung des Gebiets der alcaldía mayor Villa Alta an. Hiervon ausgehend werden relevante Aspekte der politischen Strukturen Neu-Spaniens erörtert, konkret das politisch-administrative System auf lokaler Ebene, die darin verortete Gesetzgebung und Rechtsprechung sowie, wiederum darin angesiedelt, die indigene Selbstverwaltung in den kolonialen indigenen Gemeinden, in deren konkretem Kontext die in dieser Arbeit zu analysierenden Texte produziert wurden und folglich zu betrachten sind.
(Indigene) juristisch-notarielle Schreibpraxis und koloniale Translationspraxis
Authors: Kneifel Malte
Published: October 2024

Dieses Kapitel thematisiert, basierend auf den Erkenntnissen aus Kapitel 2, die indigene Schreibpraxis in der juristisch-notariellen Sphäre sowie die Praxis von Translation zwischen indigenen Sprachen und dem Spanischen während der Kolonialherrschaft in Mittelamerika. Hier wird insbesondere auf die Akteursgruppe der escribanos, kolonialer Gerichtsschreiber, eingegangen. In einem weiteren Schritt wird der Faktor Translation in der juristisch-notariellen Sphäre der spanischen Kolonialherrschaft beleuchtet. Dies geht auch mit einer vor dem Hintergrund des aktuellen Forschungsstands notwendigen Erörterung der Begriffe Sprachpolitik und Translationspolitik einher. Auf dieser Basis können schließlich zentrale Akteursgruppen identifiziert und beschrieben werden, die an den kolonialen Translationsprozessen beteiligt und somit auch für den gegebenen Kontext der Textproduktion relevant waren. Vor dem Hintergrund dieses Wissens wird schließlich die Schreibpraxis und Translation im Kontext der alcaldía mayor Villa Alta umrissen, um eine historisch-kontextuelle Basis für die eigentliche Textanalyse zu schaffen.
Das Analysekorpus
Authors: Kneifel Malte
Published: October 2024

In diesem Kapitel wird das der Arbeit zugrundeliegende Analysekorpus vorgestellt. Hierfür werden die Dokumente, die das Analysekorpus formen, zunächst genauer historisch kontextualisiert. Danach wird die Zusammensetzung des Korpus erklärt: Es wird beschrieben, wie das Textmaterial erhoben wurde, wie sich die Texte materiell sowie inhaltlich zusammensetzen und wie hiervon ausgehend eine analysebezogene Gruppierung der Texte vorgenommen werden kann. In einem nächsten Schritt werden die Kriterien der Transkription der Texte dargelegt, durch welche die handschriftlich überlieferten Texte für eine digital gestützte Analyse zugänglich gemacht wurden. Außerdem wird ein Sekundärkorpus aus historischen Grammatiken, Wörterbüchern und juristisch-notariellen formularios beschrieben, das dieser Arbeit zugrunde liegt und die Analyse der zapotekisch-spanischen Texte stützt.
Disentangling new physics in $$ K\to \pi \nu \overline{\nu} $$ and $$ B\to K\left({K}^{\ast}\right)\nu \overline{\nu} $$ observables
Authors: Buras Andrzej J. , Harz Julia , Mojahed Martin A.
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We investigate the possibility of disentangling different new physics contributions to the rare meson decays "Image missing" and "Image missing" through kinematic distributions in the missing energy "Image missing". We employ dimension-6 operators within the Low-Energy Effective Field Theory (LEFT), identifying the invisible part of the final state as either active or sterile neutrinos. Special emphasis is given to lepton-number violating (LNV) operators with scalar and tensor currents. We show analytically that contributions from vector, scalar, and tensor quark currents can be uniquely determined from experimental data of kinematic distributions. In addition, we present new correlations of branching ratios for K and B-decays involving scalar and tensor currents. As there could a priori also be new invisible particles in the final states, we include dark-sector operators giving rise to two dark scalars, fermions, or vectors in the final state. In this context, we present new calculations of the inclusive decay rate "Image missing" for dark operators. We show that careful measurements of kinematic distributions make it theoretically possible to disentangle the contribution from LEFT operators from most of the dark-sector operators, even when multiple operators are contributing. We revisit sum rules for vector currents in LEFT and show that the latter are also satisfied in some new dark-physics scenarios that could mimic LEFT. Finally, we point out that an excess in rare meson decays consistent with a LNV hypothesis would point towards highly flavor non-democratic physics in the UV, and could put high-scale leptogenesis under tension.
Fine Structure of Flat Bands in a Chiral Model of Magic Angles
Authors: Becker Simon , Humbert Tristan , Zworski Maciej
Published: October 2024

We analyse symmetries of Bloch eigenfunctions at magic angles for the Tarnopolsky–Kruchkov–Vishwanath chiral model of the twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) following the framework introduced by Becker–Embree–Wittsten–Zworski. We show that vanishing of the first Bloch eigenvalue away from the Dirac points implies its vanishing at all momenta, that is, the existence of a flat band. We also show how the multiplicity of the flat band is related to the nodal set of the Bloch eigenfunctions. We conclude with two numerical observations about the structure of flat bands.
Automorphism Groups of Deformations and Quantizations of Kleinian Singularities
Authors: Castellan Simone
Published: October 2024

It is known that, for the algebra of functions on a Kleinian singularity, the parameter space of deformations and the parameter space of quantizations coincide. We prove that, for a Kleinian singularity of type $$\textbf{A}$$
A
or $$\textbf{D}$$
D
, isomorphisms between the quantizations are essentially the same as Poisson isomorphisms between deformations. In particular, the group of automorphisms of the deformation and the quantization corresponding to the same deformation parameter are isomorphic. We additionally describe the groups of automorphisms as abstract groups: for type $$\textbf{A}$$
A
they have an amalgamated free product structure, for type $$\textbf{D}$$
D
they are subgroups of the groups of Dynkin diagram automorphisms. For type $$\textbf{D}$$
D
we also compute all the possible affine isomorphisms between deformations; this was not known before.
Langzeitverläufe der depressiven Erkrankung
Authors: Paetow Rebecca , Frodl Thomas
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund

Die Definition von Langzeitverläufen der Depression ist heterogen. Vor allem chronische und therapieresistente Verläufe bedeuten einen hohen Kostenfaktor und reduzieren Lebensqualität stark. Ausgehend von der pharmakotherapeutischen „therapieresistenten Depression“ (TRD) rücken immer mehr systemische Ansätze in den Vordergrund.

Ziel der Arbeit

Dieses narrative Review bietet eine Übersicht zu Langzeitverläufen depressiver Erkrankungen, inklusive verschiedener Definitionen und Einflussfaktoren. Zudem wird eine Übersicht zur Biomarkerforschung des Therapieansprechens mit Fokus auf zentrale Bildgebung vorgestellt.

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgte eine selektive Literaturrecherche in PubMed und Google Scholar für ein narratives Review. Besonders berücksichtigt wurden größere Kohortenstudien, systematische Reviews, Metaanalysen und Studien zur Prädiktion von Therapieansprechen.

Ergebnisse

Chronische und therapieresistente Verläufe bedeuten eine relevante Reduktion von Lebensqualität sowie erhöhte gesundheitliche Risiken. Die Erfassung des Therapieansprechens ist eine definitorische Herausforderung: Eine Alternative zur TRD bietet die systemisch orientierte „schwer zu behandelnde Depression“ („difficult-to-treat depression“, DTD). Der Fokus bewegt sich damit fort von einer Symptomreduktion hin zu einer Kontrolle des Funktionsniveaus. Biomarkerforschung für Therapieansprechen bietet Potenzial, dient derzeit aber hauptsächlich dem theoretischen Erkenntnisgewinn.

Diskussion

Die Erfassung von Langzeitverläufen depressiver Erkrankungen ist wichtig, aber auch komplex. Klinische Interventionen sollten daher ein kontinuierliches Monitoring miteinschließen und den Fokus auf den Erhalt von Lebensqualität legen.
Strengths and weaknesses of EU regional reactivity to shocks
Authors: Frassine Laura , Pontarollo Nicola , Serpieri Carolina
Published: October 2024

This study introduces the novel concept of regional reactivity to shocks. A region is considered to be much more reactive if it bounced back to the level of labour productivity achieved before a shock in the same or less time than it took to reach the pre-2008 economic crisis peak from an equivalent lower bound. The analysis of the reactivity of the EU-NUTS2 regions reveals a clear spatial pattern. By using a spatial lag model selected via a Bayesian comparison approach, we show that tertiary education and institutional quality are key to promote reactivity. On the other hand, population density acts in the opposite direction. Our results are potentially useful for defining policy strategies that emphasise or refocus the strengths of each region in light of current territorial trends and emerging challenges.
Towards a double bell theory of regional disparities
Authors: Capello Roberta , Cerisola Silvia
Published: October 2024

Despite the large attention given to regional disparities, a conceptual framework simultaneously linking the inter- and intra-regional development processes over time is still missing. A vast set of empirical analyses on their trends indeed exists. In most cases, it witnesses the presence of the famous Williamson’s inverted U-shaped relation between GDP per capita and regional income inequalities, and of its augmented shape where the inverted U turns upward again at later stages of development. The paper has the aim to present a conceptual framework on the interlinkages between inter- and intra-regional disparity trends, highlighting the influence that one exerts over the other. It does so claiming that their joint analysis can provide an explanation of situations “against conventional wisdom” and can overcome the simplistic idea that if inter-regional convergence occurs, social equity is achieved. Empirical evidence is provided in the case of European regions. The paper has a normative value, in that an interpretation of the concurrent inequality trends at different levels can lead to more efficient normative interventions, avoiding misallocation of financial resources at sub-regional level.
Riemannian foliations and quasifolds
Authors: Lin Yi , Miyamoto David
Published: October 2024

It is well known that, by the Reeb stability theorem, the leaf space of a Riemannian foliation with compact leaves is an orbifold. We prove that, under mild completeness conditions, the leaf space of a Killing Riemannian foliation is a diffeological quasifold: as a diffeological space, it is locally modelled by quotients of Cartesian space by countable groups acting affinely. Furthermore, we prove that the holonomy groupoid of the foliation is, locally, Morita equivalent to the action groupoid of a countable group acting affinely on Cartesian space.
Generalized juggling patterns, quiver Grassmannians and affine flag varieties
Authors: Feigin Evgeny , Lanini Martina , Pütz Alexander
Published: October 2024

The goal of this paper is to clarify the connection between certain structures from the theory of totally nonnegative Grassmannians, quiver Grassmannians for cyclic quivers and the theory of local models of Shimura varieties. More precisely, we generalize the construction from our previous paper relating the combinatorics and geometry of quiver Grassmannians to that of the totally nonnegative Grassmannians. The varieties we are interested in serve as realizations of local models of Shimura varieties. We exploit quiver representation techniques to study the quiver Grassmannians of interest and, in particular, to describe explicitly embeddings into affine flag varieties which allow us to realize our quiver Grassmannians as a union of Schubert varieties therein.
Doxepin as OCT2 inhibitor ameliorates inflammatory response and modulates PI3K/Akt signaling associated with cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Fawzy Mariam H. , Moustafa Yasser M. , Khodeer Dina M. , Saeed Noha M. , El-Sayed Norhan M.
Published: October 2024

Organic cationic transporter 2 (OCT2) was identified as the main transporter involved in the accumulation of cisplatin (CP) in the proximal tubular renal cells, resulting in nephrotoxicity. Doxepin (DOX) is a tricyclic agent with an inhibitory effect on OCT2. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanisms of the renoprotective role of DOX toward CP-induced nephrotoxicity. Rats were randomly divided into six groups: group 1, control; group 2, CP; groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with graded doses of DOX (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, respectively) intraperitoneally (ip) once daily for 10 consecutive days and group 6 was treated only with DOX (20 mg/kg). On the seventh day, a single injected dose of CP (10 mg/kg, ip) was given to the rats in groups 2–5. Seventy-two hours after CP injection, rats were sacrificed, and the kidneys were removed for histological and biochemical measurements. DOX ameliorated the CP-induced histopathological alterations. DOX significantly reduced the expression of OCT2, lipid peroxidation marker (MDA), and inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, IL-2, and IL-1β, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, pre- and co-treatment with DOX significantly reduced the CP-mediated apoptotic effect by reducing the renal tissue expression of BAX and caspase-3 levels, upregulating the expression of Bcl-2, and modulating the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt signaling cascade. DOX exerts a nephroprotective impact against CP-mediated nephrotoxicity via the inhibition of OCT2, suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptotic markers, and modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling cascade.