bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisa Komparasi Biaya dan Waktu pada Pembangunan Bendungan Leuwikeris Ciamis dengan Metode Slope Protection
Authors: Dicky Davidoff Dionisius , Hadiyanto H , Sumiyati Sri
Published: October 2023

Pekerjaan perlindungan lereng adalah salah satu pekerjaan yang umum ditemui dalam proyek konstruksi, terutama proyek-proyek infrastruktur, salah satunya adalah Proyek Pembangunan Bendungan Leuwikeris, Ciamis, Jawa Barat. Pada proyek tersebut, pengamanan lereng dilakukan dengan menggunakan shotcrete, namun pada praktiknya, ada beberapa lereng yang terdiri dari tanah yang rawan longsor sehingga penggunaan shotcrete tidak dianjurkan. Pada akhirnya, digunakan lah metode Erotion Control, menggantikan metode shotcrete untuk perlindungan lereng pada lereng yang rawan longsor. Metode Erotion Control ini ternyata membutuhkan waktu yang lebih singkat daripada shotcrete yaitu 228,21 m2/hari untuk erotion control dan 132,88 m2/hari untuk metode Shotcrete. Biaya untuk metode erotion control memang lebih besar daripada metode shotcrete, namun disisi lain, memberikan nilai keuntungan yang lebih besar untuk perusahaan. Kata kunci: Perlindungan lereng, Bendungan Leuwikeris, Shotcrete, Erotion Control, Biaya Abstract [Cost and Time Comparative Analysis of  Construction of the Leuwikeris Ciamis Dam with Slope Protection Methods ] Slope protection work is one of the jobs commonly encountered in construction projects, especially infrastructure projects, one of which is the Leuwikeris Dam Development Project, Ciamis, West Java. In this project, slope protection was carried out using shotcrete, however in practice, there are several slopes consisting of lands that are prone to landslides so the use of shotcrete is not recommended. In the end, the Erotion Control method was used, replacing the shotcrete method for slope protection on landslide prone slopes. This Erotion Control method needs a shorter time than the shotcrete method, namely 228.21 m2/day for erotion control and 132.88 m2/day for shotcrete method. The cost for the erotion control method is greater than the shotcrete method, but on the other hand, it provides a greater profit for the company. Keywords: Slope protection, Leuwikeris Dam, Shotcrete, Erotion Control, Cost
PERENCANAAN KEBUTUHAN FASILITAS PEJALAN KAKI PADA AREA PENDIDIKAN JALAN PERJUANGAN CIREBON
Authors: Hermawan Dedi , Setiyo Huboyo Haryono , Triadi Putranto Thomas
Published: October 2023

Kawasan pendidikan Jalan Perjuangan di Kota Cirebon merupakan kawasan yang dikelilingi oleh kegiatan mahasiswa dan kegiatan ekonomi, sehingga diduga lalu lintas di kawasan tersebut tidak teratur salah satunya adalah kegiatan pejalan kaki, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendesain kebutuhan ruang pejalan kaki yang akan dibangun di lingkungan kampus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pemetaan langsung di lokasi pengamatan pada hari kerja selama dua hari pengamatan yang mencakup hari utama. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah jumlah kendaraan, jumlah pejalan kaki dan jumlah penyeberang. Informasi yang diperoleh digunakan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang menentukan tipe fasilitas pejalan kaki yang tepat untuk area pada ruas jalan perjuangan.Hasil perhitungan diperoleh bahwa ruas jalan tersebut membutuhkan fasilitas trotoar dengan lebar 1,8 - 2 meter dan dibutuhkan 4 pelican crossing untuk 2 titik yaitu di depan Kampus Syariah IAIN Sheikh Nur Jati Cirebon dan di depan halte IAIN Sheikh Nur Jati. Maka kebutuhan rencana anggaran untuk pembangunan fasilitas pejalan kaki di kawasan Kampus IAIN Sheikh Nur Jati Cirebon, Jalan Perjuangan, Kecamatan Kesambi, Cirebon adalah sebesar Rp. 1.411.115.000,00Kata Kunci : Pejalan Kaki, Trotoar, Pelican Crossing, Rencana Anggaran Biaya (RAB) The educational environment of Jalan Perjuangan in Cirebon City is an area surrounded by student activities and economic activities, so it is suspected that traffic in the area is irregular, one of which is pedestrian activity. the purpose of this research is to design the need for pedestrian space to be built in the campus environment. Data collection was carried out by direct mapping at the observation location during weekday for two observation days which included the main day. The data collected is the volume of vehicles, the number of pedestrians and the number of crossings. The information obtained is used to obtain results that determine the type of pedestrian facility that is right for the area on the Jalan Perjuangan. The calculation results obtained that the road segment requires sidewalk facilities with a width of 1.8 - 2 meters and 4 pelican crossings are needed for 2 points, namely in front of the IAIN Sheikh Nur Jati Cirebon Syariah Campus and in front of the IAIN Sheikh Nur Jati bus stop. So the need for a budget plan for the construction of pedestrian facilities in the IAIN Sheikh Nur Jati Campus area, Cirebon, Jalan Perjuangan, Kesambi District, Cirebon is Rp. 1,411,115,000.00 Keywords: Pedestrians, Sidewalks, Pelican Crossing, Budget Plan
Analisis Perbandingan Quantity Take Off (QTO) Beton Menggunakan Metode Building Information Modelling (BIM) dan Metode Konvensional (Studi Kasus : Proyek Kantor PNM Cabang Jember)
Authors: Amri Salim Isfayama , Hardyanti Nurandani , Sumiyati Sri
Published: October 2023

Along with the world of construction that is growing, the stakeholders involved in it are trying to find methods and technologies that can make the activities contained in construction projects more efficient. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one of the most widely applied technological developments in the world of construction. One of the benefits of implementing BIM is that it can produce Quantity Take-Off (QTO) data output based on the 3 Dimensional model that has been created. This research examines the PT Permodalan Nasional Madani Branch Office Building Construction Project in Jember City which performs QTO calculations using 2 methods, namely the conventional method and the BIM method. The purpose of this study is to find out the results of the calculation of the QTO of the Conventional Method and the BIM Method, then to compare the results of the calculation of the QTO of the Conventional Method and the BIM Method, and to analyze the reasons for the differences in the results of QTO calculations on the Conventional Method and the BIM Method. The conventional method of performing calculations is using Ms.Excel software with reference to 2D drawings from AutoCAD. The BIM method uses Autodesk Revit software by performing 3D modeling which is directly integrated with the quantity calculation. The QTO calculation is carried out on the need for concrete materials in the superstructure (columns, beams and slabs) of the building. The results of QTO Concrete using the BIM method on column work 41.59 m³, beams 33.29 m³, and floor slabs 154.39 m³. The total QTO of concrete for the superstructure using the BIM method is 229.23 m³. The results of QTO Concrete using the Conventional method on column work 44.36 m³, beams 58.79 m³, and floor slabs 154.54 m³. The total QTO of concrete for the superstructure using the conventional method is 257.68 m³. The difference in the QTO results of the BIM and conventional methods for column work is 6.24%, beams are 43.37%, floor plans are 0.12%. The difference in the highest QTO value is in the beam structure item. The total difference in volume of concrete between the conventional method and the BIM method is 28.45 m³ or 11.04%. The reason for the difference in QTO results between the BIM and Conventional methods is due to the double calculations in the Conventional method at each intersection point between columns, beams and plates. Whereas with the BIM method every meeting will be calculated only on one of the elements with the order of domination of the calculation from the highest, namely plate, column, plate.
Biological variation of serum neopterin concentrations in apparently healthy individuals
Authors: Dülgeroğlu Yakup , Ercan Müjgan
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The aims of this study were to determine the biological variation (BV), reference change value (RCV), index of individuality (II), and quality specifications for serum neopterin concentrations; a measurand provided by clinical laboratories as an indicator of cellular immunity.

Methods

The study delivered serum samples collected for 10 consecutive weeks from 12 apparently healthy individuals (3 male, 9 female). Serum neopterin concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. The data analysis was performed using an online statistical tool and addressed published criteria for estimation of biological variation.

Results

The mean neopterin concentration was 5.26 nmol/L. The within-subject biological variation (CVI) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) of neopterin serum concentrations was 11.54 % (9.98–13.59), and the between-subject biological variation (CVG) with 95 % CI was 43.27 % (30.52–73.67). The neopterin asymmetrical RCV was −24.9 %/+33.1 %, and the II was 0.27. The desirable quality specifications for neopterin were <5.77 % for precision, <11.20 % for bias, and <20.72 % for total allowable error (TEa). When analytical variation was used instead of CVI to calculate TEa, the desirable TEa was <18.39.

Conclusions

This study determined BV data for neopterin, an indicator of cell-mediated immune response. Asymmetric RCV values, of 24.9 % decrease or a 33.1 % increase between consecutive measurements indicate significant change. The II of 0.27 indicates a high degree of individuality, therefore that it is appropriate to consider the use of personal reference data and significance of change rather than the reference interval as points of reference for the evaluation of neopterin serum concentrations.
Трудности в реализации новой энергетической стратегии России и перспективы китайско-российского энергетического сотрудничества
Authors: Zhao Xin
Published: October 2023

Энергопереход, сланцевая революция, а также западные санкции против России – все это оказало глубокое влияние на развитие энергетики России. Исходя из принятой Энергетической стратегии до 2035 г. можно предположить, что Россия пока не может избавиться от зависимости от традиционных источников энергии, несмотря на понимание необходимости энергоперехода. В краткосрочной перспективе в условиях современной мировой экономической ситуации, где все еще доминируют традиционные источники энергии, Россия может использовать энергетические рычаги, чтобы отстаивать свою позицию на международной арене. Но в долгосрочной перспективе, если Россия будет отставать в плане энергоперехода, ее экономика может сильно пострадать и ее международное влияние будет ослабевать. Углубление китайско-российского энергетического сотрудничества имеет большое значение для поддержания баланса мировой энергетической системы и содействия устойчивому и здоровому экономическому развитию обеих стран.
Investigating the psychological reality of argument structure constructions and N1 of N2 constructions: a comparison between L1 and L2 speakers of English
Authors: Liu Yingying , McManus Kevin
Published: October 2023

This study examined L1 and L2 English speakers’ sensitivity to constructional meaning by investigating their categorization of Noun1 of Noun2 constructions (e.g., results of studies) and argument structure constructions (e.g., Tom cut the bread). Participants were 40 L1 English speakers and 44 intermediate proficiency Chinese-speaking learners of L2 English, who completed two online sorting experiments. In each experiment, participants were instructed to (i) sort the stimuli according to their overall meaning and (ii) provide explanations for their sorting decisions. Results showed that EFL users preferred construction-based sorting for the argument structure stimuli but not the Noun1 of Noun2 stimuli. However, L1 English speakers showed a preference toward word-based sorting for both construction types. Participants’ self-reported explanations for their sorts nonetheless indicated sensitivity to the constructional meanings of argument structure constructions and Noun1 of Noun2 constructions. Additionally, language users were found more likely to produce construction-based sorts with more time spent on the task.
Higher order Kirillov--Reshetikhin modules for 𝐔
q
(A

n

(1)), imaginary modules and monoidal categorification
Authors: Brito Matheus , Chari Vyjayanthi
Published: October 2023

We study the family of irreducible modules for quantum affine

𝔰
⁢

𝔩

n
+
1

{\mathfrak{sl}_{n+1}}

whose Drinfeld polynomials are supported on just one node of the Dynkin diagram. We identify all the prime modules in this family and prove a unique factorization theorem. The Drinfeld polynomials of the prime modules encode information coming from the points of reducibility of tensor products of the fundamental modules associated to

A
m

{A_{m}}

with

m
≤
n

{m\leq n}

. These prime modules are a special class of the snake modules studied by Mukhin and Young. We relate our modules to the work of Hernandez and Leclerc and define generalizations of the category

𝒞
-

{\mathscr{C}^{-}}

. This leads naturally to the notion of an inflation of the corresponding Grothendieck ring. In the last section we show that the tensor product of a (higher order) Kirillov–Reshetikhin module with its dual always contains an imaginary module in its Jordan–Hölder series and give an explicit formula for its Drinfeld polynomial. Together with the results of [D. Hernandez and B. Leclerc,
A cluster algebra approach to q-characters of Kirillov–Reshetikhin modules,
J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 18 2016, 5, 1113–1159] this gives examples of a product of cluster variables which are not in the span of cluster monomials. We also discuss the connection of our work with the examples arising from the work of [E. Lapid and A. Mínguez,
Geometric conditions for

□

\square

-irreducibility of certain representations of the general linear group over a non-archimedean local field,
Adv. Math. 339 2018, 113–190]. Finally, we use our methods to give a family of imaginary modules in type

D
4

{D_{4}}

which do not arise from an embedding of

A
r

{A_{r}}

with

r
≤
3

{r\leq 3}

in

D
4

{D_{4}}

.
Diffeomorphism groups of prime 3-manifolds
Authors: Bamler Richard H. , Kleiner Bruce
Published: October 2023

Let X be a
compact orientable non-Haken 3-manifold modeled on the Thurston geometry

Nil

{\operatorname{Nil}}

. We show that the diffeomorphism group

Diff
⁡

(
X
)

{\operatorname{Diff}(X)}

deformation retracts to the isometry group

Isom
⁡

(
X
)

{\operatorname{Isom}(X)}

. Combining this with earlier work by many authors, this completes the determination the homotopy type of

Diff
⁡

(
X
)

{\operatorname{Diff}(X)}

for any compact, orientable, prime 3-manifold X.
The set of local 𝐴-packets containing a given representation
Authors: Atobe Hiraku
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we give an algorithm to determine all local 𝐴-packets containing a given irreducible representation of a split special odd orthogonal group or a symplectic group over a 𝑝-adic field.
Especially, we can determine whether a given irreducible representation is of Arthur type or not.
Simultaneous bioenergy production and dairy wastewater treatment by microbial fuel cell using Taguchi method: performance & optimization study
Authors: Kachroo Himanshu , Shankar Ravi , Mondal Prasenjit
Published: October 2023

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) employs microbial communities as biocatalysts to convert chemical energy from organic substrates to electrical energy. The investigation of MFC incorporated with anaerobic mixed cultures and sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) membrane is of interest for this research due to its competency in generating renewable biological energy and wastewater treatment. Methylene blue was an effective redox mediator in this study. The reactor optimization was performed via the Design of Experiments (DOE) approach using Minitab software. The performance of the batch reactor was optimal with the operating conditions of temperature 30 °C, pH 7, and mediator concentration 250 μM. The contour plots and ANOVA specified that mediator concentration was the most influential parameter that affects MFC performance. MFC fed with 250 μM methylene blue concentration generated a maximum voltage of 0.33 V, current (density) of 4.08 A/m2, power (density) of 1.34 W/m2. The COD removal was 82.4 % at the end of the batch cycle of seven days. The data obtained from the experiments showed that small amounts of a mediator (250 μM) in wastewater elevate the bio-electricity output of the MFC reactor by 1.22 folds.
On the number of limit cycles coming from a uniform isochronous center with continuous and discontinuous quartic perturbations
Authors: Rezaiki Nabil , Boulfoul Amel
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we study the number of limit cycles bifurcated from the periodic orbits of a cubic uniform isochronous center with continuous and discontinuous quartic polynomial perturbations. Using the averaging theory of first order for continuous and discontinuous differential systems and comparing the obtained results, we show that the discontinuous systems have at least 6 more limit cycles than the continuous ones. This study needs some computations that have been verified using Maple.
2D score-based estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects
Authors: Ye Steven Siwei , Chen Yanzhen , Padilla Oscar Hernan Madrid
Published: October 2023

Statisticians show growing interest in estimating and analyzing heterogeneity in causal effects in observational studies. However, there usually exists a trade-off between accuracy and interpretability for developing a desirable estimator for treatment effects, especially in the case when there are a large number of features in estimation. To make efforts to address the issue, we propose a score-based framework for estimating the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) function in this article. The framework integrates two components: (i) leverage the joint use of propensity and prognostic scores in a matching algorithm to obtain a proxy of the heterogeneous treatment effects for each observation and (ii) utilize nonparametric regression trees to construct an estimator for the CATE function conditioning on the two scores. The method naturally stratifies treatment effects into subgroups over a 2d grid whose axis are the propensity and prognostic scores. We conduct benchmark experiments on multiple simulated data and demonstrate clear advantages of the proposed estimator over state-of-the-art methods. We also evaluate empirical performance in real-life settings, using two observational data from a clinical trial and a complex social survey, and interpret policy implications following the numerical results.
Direct numerical algorithm for calculating the heat flux at an inaccessible boundary
Authors: Sorokin Sergey B.
Published: October 2023

A fast numerical algorithm for solving the Cauchy problem for elliptic equations with variable coefficients in standard calculation domains (rectangles, circles, or rings) is proposed.
The algorithm is designed to calculate the heat flux at the inaccessible boundary.
It is based on the separation of variables method.
This approach employs a finite difference approximation and allows obtaining a solution to a discrete problem in arithmetic operations of the order of

N
⁢

ln
⁡
N

N\operatorname{ln}N

, where 𝑁 is the number of grid points.
As a rule, iterative procedures are needed to solve the Cauchy problem for elliptic equations.
The currently available direct algorithms for solving the Cauchy problem have been developed only for (Laplace, Helmholtz) operators with constant coefficients and for use of analytical solutions for problems with such operators.
A novel feature of the results of the present paper is that the direct algorithm can be used for an elliptic operator with variable coefficients (of a special form).
It is important that in this case no analytical solution to the problem can be obtained.
The algorithm significantly increases the range of problems that can be solved.
It can be used to create devices for determining in real time heat fluxes on the parts of inhomogeneous constructions that cannot be measured.
For example, to determine the heat flux on the inner radius of a pipe made of different materials.
Extract the information via multiple repeated observations under randomly distributed noise
Authors: Zhong Min , Li Xinyan , Liu Xiaoman
Published: October 2023

Extracting the useful information has been used almost everywhere in many fields of mathematics and applied mathematics.
It is a classical ill-posed problem due to the unstable dependence of approximations on small perturbation of the data.
The traditional regularization methods depend on the choice of the regularization parameter, which are closely related to an available accurate upper bound of noise level; thus it is not appropriate for the randomly distributed noise with big or unknown variance.
In this paper, a purely data driven statistical regularization method is proposed, effectively extracting the information from randomly noisy observations.
The rigorous upper bound estimation of confidence interval of the error in

L
2

L^{2}

norm is established, and some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and computational performance of the method.
A new technique for uterine-preserving pelvic organ prolapse surgery: Laparoscopic rectus abdominis hysteropexy for uterine prolapse by comparing with traditional techniques
Authors: Li Zijun , Zheng Yaqin , Shen Fangrong , Liu Ming , Zhou Ying
Published: October 2023

Contemporary understanding of the dynamic anatomy of pelvic floor support has led us to new conservative surgery for uterine prolapse (UP). In this study, we comprehensively evaluate the safety and feasibility of a new technique for uterine-preserving pelvic organ prolapse surgery: laparoscopic rectus abdominis hysteropexy for uterine prolapse (LRAHUP). A retrospective study was conducted between 2006 and 2016. Sixty-five women diagnosed with advanced prolapsed uterus were eligible and grouped into traditional vaginal surgery (TVS, n = 30) group and new laparoscopic surgery (NLS, n = 35) group. Evaluated items of 65 cases included surgery-related parameters and postoperative outcomes. Surgical safety evaluating indicators, including operation time, blood loss, postoperative hospitalized day, and operation complications, also showed great significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). The subjective index of post-operative Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-short form 20 scores and some objective anatomic outcomes all showed great difference between pre- and post-operation (P < 0.05). Although the TVL showed no difference between pre- and post-operation in the same group, the TVL displayed a remarkable elongation. And a remarkable tendency was a higher cumulative recurrence ratio in the TVS group and a shorter follow-up period in the NLS group. LRAHUP may be a good procedure to manage women with advanced prolapsed uterus.
From the secrects of “The Secret history of the Mongols”
Authors: Serjee Munkhsaikhan
Published: October 2023

In this article, the author mentioned eight facts about many problems which are not certain till now in research of The Secret History of Mongols, which is the spectacular record of Mongolians’ language, history, and culture, based on her research.For instance, the author believes that The Secret History of the Mongols is a written literature; however, initially, it was made up orally and then noted by script, and many factsin the literature can prove this.
Comparative Study of the Military Tactics of the Roman Empire and Mongol Empire
Authors: Jaehyuk Jang , Kisun Kim
Published: October 2023

The study is conducted as a comparative study of military tactics of the two powers representing different regions and time periods throughout human history. Despite the differences in circumstance and time, common success factors are identified in the military tactics of the two great powers. Based on these success factors, it is possible to compare the military tactics of these armies using the following common criteria: basic tactical unit system, strategic flexibility, tactical mobility, and strategic planning. The Roman Empire and Mongol Empire had long been the dominant military powers in their regions. Among them, the Mongol army was one of the greatest in human history, and through its power and military skill, led to the magnificent growth of the Mongol Empire. Thus, this study identifies the success factors of the Mongol military tactics through comparisons with Roman military tactics.
Mentality of Mongolian herders
Authors: Sanduijav Odkhuu
Published: October 2023

Mongolia is a country of livestock. Herds men play special roles in Mongolian social life. Mongolian herds men have great knowledge, skills and experiences. An accident that they are called. “Masters of a thousand professions“. The herds men’s job is buzy and hard. This article is about the Mongolian herd men’s multiple senses and abilities. The article formulates and examines the main features, characteristic features of the Mongolian national mentality, thinking and behavior of the Mongolian herders, their relationship with geographical, climatic, geopolitical, historical and cultural factors, and emphasized the features and abilities of these herders.
Alternative Tourism: Case of Mongolian Equestrian Tourism
Authors: Munkhuu Bilegsaikhan , Sukhragchaa Amarjargal , Battogtokh Bolormaa , Damdinbaatar Degidbadam
Published: October 2023

Mongolia is a country of livestock. Herds men play special roles in Mongolian social life. Mongolian herds men have great knowledge, skills and experiences. An accident that they are called. “Masters of a thousand professions“. The herds men’s job is buzy and hard. This article is about the Mongolian herd men’s multiple senses and abilities. The article formulates and examines the main features, characteristic features of the Mongolian national mentality, thinking and behavior of the Mongolian herders, their relationship with geographical, climatic, geopolitical, historical and cultural factors, and emphasized the features and abilities of these herders.
ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE (1206-1405)
Authors: D. Oyuntsetseg , S. Tuul , T. Lagnai
Published: October 2023

After the founding of the Great Mongol Empire, Chinggis Khaan, and his successors faced the task of pursuing sound economic policies. This is because the prospects for the existence and development of Great Mongolia would ultimately be measured by economic development. The kings of the Great Mongol Empire, led by Chinggis and Ogedei, believed that nomadic animal husbandry should be the basis of the economy of the united power, and emphasized the development of animal husbandry. Chinggis Khaan introduced the millennial system, the most appropriate form of organization in the situation, to nomadic pastoralism. The Great Kings also sought to promote trade by supporting foreign traders by exempting them from customs duties and taxes, and by protecting their interests and security. However, unfair trade, exploitation, and bribery were strictly forbidden. At the same time, one of the reasons for the victory and success of the Great Mongol Empire was the development of communications, including stations, which were rigidly organized and transmitted faster than the settled civilizations of the time. Thus, Chinggis Khaan and his successors were able to correctly define the economic policy of the Great Mongol Empire and to develop animal husbandry, trade and communication in a coordinated manner, which created the basic conditions for the long-term existence of the Great Mongol Empire.
Mongolia-Korea Cultural Exchanges and the Role of Korean Paper in Promoting Cultural Exchanges
Authors: Battur Jamiyan
Published: October 2023

Today, it became known that several diplomatic letters, which proved to be written on Korean-produced papers, are in the secret archives of the Vatican. In addition to these letters, many other letters have been found. Second, one of the most interesting findings is the archeological sites, which are said to have been Korean paper mills found in Mongolia. In other words, it is believed that in several places in Mongolia there were so called Korean cities where there were paper mills. For example, Mongolian archaeologists have reported that the ruins in Ongon soum, Sukhbaatar Province, were a Korean paper mill. Third, the Mongols in Persia continued to use Korean-produced papers in the final years of its empire. If so, it is likely that a large number of paintings belonged to the period of Il Khanate were drawn on the Korean hand-made papers. Another interesting historical fact is that these illustrated books written during the reign of Il Khanate were disseminated in Korea.
Recent Progress on Mongolian Language Life Survey
Authors: Teniger Borjigin , Badma-odsar Borjigin
Published: October 2023

The study first defined the basic issues such as language life, language life survey and the setting of Mongolian language life survey. Then it carried out systematic and comprehensive description of the recent progress of the major project “Mongolian Language Life Survey” supported by the National Social Science Fund of China, from the following aspects such as field investigation, data collection, sorting and application, academic exchanges at home and abroad, publication of stage achievements, conclusions and several issues worthy of consideration.
TAX POLICY OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE (1206-1405)
Authors: Oyuntsetseg D. , Tuul S. , Lagnai T.
Published: October 2023

According to historical sources, property differences arose at a certain stage of human history, and taxes have been levied since the formation of class societies and states. Tax comes from the Greek word “Gift”, because, initially, citizens gave gifts to the government on a voluntary basis. As a result, the king believed that the citizens should pay taxes because he was serving the people, so the gift turned into a compulsory tribute, and taxes arose. For example, in the 12th-11th centuries BC, citizens began to pay taxes at the king’s expense. Today, taxes are defined as money that is collected from enterprises, organizations, and citizens, voluntarily or by force, and is transferred to the state budget. In the 10th and 18th centuries, when a state was formed in Mongolia, citizens began to pay tribute to the lords and authorities, and the foundation of taxation was laid. There is no one who can argue that taxes are the basis for the prosperity of the Mongolian state. That’s why it is said that “under the existence of the state there is the existence of taxes, and under the existence of taxes there is the existence of the state”. Researchers have considered the history of taxation in Mongolia in 5 stages. In this article, we have included a brief history of the development of taxes in Mongolia and the policies of the great kings of Mongolia regarding taxes.
INTERPRETING THE FOOD OF THE 13TH CENTURY OF MONGOLIANS THROUGH THE HISTORICAL SOURCES
Authors: Bilegsaikhan M. , Amarjargal S. , Enkhtuya N.
Published: October 2023

It is natural to consider the food and the food resources that have been formed in accordance with extreme climate and geographical conditions based on the basic farming of the Mongolian Nation, which has been preserved for many centuries, as having a geographical origin. Key historical sources such as “History of the Mongols”, “A Journey to the East”, “The Book of Wonders” written by travelers of the 13th century, and “The Secret History of the Mongols” as well as the book “A Cuisine Bureau of Mongols” suggest that the nomadic tribes of the Central Asian highlands have had a heritage of meat and dairy product cuisine. Meat, dairy products, wild plants, and hunting prey were consumed as primary sources of nutrition for early Mongolians. As per the nomadic food culture, contemporary Mongolians are accustomed to combining meat with dairy products to balance their food calories through different seasons of the year. The primary set of ingredients used in Mongolian cuisine has remained unchanged for centuries, whilst the types of food have expanded to about 300 in the past century. The dieting habits and food types have their origins in ordinary households. As such, it is interesting to trace the contribution of early Mongolian cuisine to the development of the world’s meat and milk-based foodways. Finally, this paper also shows how the foodways of early Mongols, created in response to local environmental conditions and socio-economic contexts, are preserved in the traditions, customs, and agricultural production of present-day Mongolians and other nomadic people, and continue to thrive in the present day as an invaluable cultural heritage.
Recyclable oil resistant paper with enhanced water resistance based on alkyl ketene dimer modified sodium alginate
Authors: Ma Liyan , Liu Shuai , Shi Jiahui , Wu Rina , Lu Peng
Published: October 2023

Sustainable coatings exhibit potential in enhancing oil resistance of packaging paper. Alkyl ketone dimer (AKD) was used to esterify sodium alginate (SA) to prepare water and oil resistant agent SAD. As SAD was coated on paper, it reduced the surface energy and blocked the fiber pores of paper, thus improving the barrier performance of paper. The oil resistance grade can reach grade 6 at coating amount of 2.13 ± 0.26 g/m2, which is qualified for food packaging. The coated paper also showed good barrier to hot castor oil. Resistance to organic solvent and water were also enhanced with initial water contact angle (WCA) increased to 69.2°. Compared with base paper, SAD coated paper had better mechanical properties and more importantly, coated paper can be effectively recycled to achieve green recycling.
Electrochemical micro- and nanobiosensors for in vivo reactive oxygen/nitrogen species measurement in the brain
Authors: Beigloo Fatemeh , Khoshkar-Vandi Samira Amiri , Pourmand Elham , Heydari Mona , Molaabasi Fatemeh , Gharib Nima , Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop , Park Soo-Jin
Published: October 2023

In this focused review, we examine the influence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) on physiological processes and the induction of oxidative stress, with particular emphasis on the brain and neuronal systems. We discuss the formation mechanisms of ROS and RNS, their significance in the brain, and various detection methods. The review investigates the latest advancements in nano-engineered electrochemical biosensors designed for in vivo monitoring of ROS and RNS in the brain tissue. We explore the electrochemical measurement of specific species, such as H2O2, superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite, while providing a comparative evaluation of sensor designs for ROS and RNS detection in the brain. Finally, we offer an outlook and conclusion on the future of this field.
Stochastic fractional differential inclusion driven by fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Moulay Hachemi Rahma Yasmina , Guendouzi Toufik
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we prove the existence result for a mild solution of a fractional stochastic evolution inclusion involving the Caputo derivative in the Hilbert space driven by a fractional Brownian motion with the Hurst parameter

H
>

1
2

{H>\frac{1}{2}}

. The results are obtained by using fractional calculation, operator semigroups and the fixed point theorem for multivalued mappings.
Postconditioning with D-limonene exerts neuroprotection in rats via enhancing mitochondrial activity
Authors: Zhang Leguo , Zhao Zeyu , Jia Jianpu , Zhang Liran , Xia Ruixue , Zhu Cuimin
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The key component of neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury is mitochondrial improvement. By focusing on the function of mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP-sensitive potassium (mK–ATP) channels and inflammatory responses, the current study assessed the neuroprotective potentials of lemon essential oil, D-limonene (LIM), in rats with cerebral I–R injury.

Methods

In order to simulate cerebral I–R injury, Sprague Dawley rats (n=72) were subjected to a two h local ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery blockage, followed by a 24 h reperfusion period. Five minutes before starting reperfusion, rats were intraperitoneally given LIM at doses of 10 or 100 mg/kg. Cerebral infarct volume was assessed by triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride staining, brain activity by behavioral tests and mitochondrial function/biogenesis, as well as proinflammatory cytokines by fluorometry, immunoblotting and other related techniques.

Results

When compared to the untreated control group, the administration of LIM substantially and dose-dependently decreased cerebral infarct volumes and neurological deficits (p<0.01). I–R injury-induced alterations in mitochondrial membrane depolarization, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS), and superoxide dismutase (mnSOD), as well as inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, were all significantly reversed after treatment with LIM 100 mg/kg (p<0.01). Additionally, this dose of LIM increased the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis proteins PGC-1α, TFAM, and NRF1. Interestingly, blockage of mK–ATP channels by 5-hydoxydecanoate diminished the effects of LIM on cerebral positive endpoints, cytokines production, and mitochondrial function/biogenesis.

Conclusions

Thus, the strong neuroprotective effects of LIM-postconditioning were mediated by an increase in mK–ATP channel activity, which improved mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressed inflammatory responses.
Az anyai elhízás hatása a magzati szív elektrofiziológiai jellemzőire, valamint a szülőszobai eseményekre
Authors:   ,   PTE ETK Egészségtudományi Doktori Iskola, Rácz Sándor Attila
Published: October 2023

Az elhízás korunk egyik legnagyobb egészségügyi kihívása. A fejlett országokban, így Magyarországon is egyre nagyobb a kóros elhízással küzdők aránya. A probléma jelentőségét mutatja, hogy az obezitást a WHO már népbetegségnek tekinti. Tudományos munkámban arra kerestem a választ, hogy a kóros elhízás milyen hatással van a szülőszobai eseményekre, valamint milyen kockázatokat hordoz az újszülöttek állapotára nézve. Emellett kutatásom arra is kiterjedt, hogy jelenleg milyen irányelvek mentén zajlik a magzatok intrauterin monitorizálása, és milyen eszközök állnak rendelkezésre ennek kivitelezésére. Adataink alapján az anya kóros elhízása jelentősen befolyásolja a szülés módját, jelentősen megemeli a lehetséges szülészeti szövődmények kockázatát, de az újszülöttek állapotára kevésbé van hatása. A szülészeti ellátás egyik legnagyobb problémája, hogy jelenleg nem áll rendelkezésünkre olyan eszköz, amellyel a magzatok méhen belüli állapotáról non-invazív módon folyamatos, megbízható információt kaphatnánk. Az elmúlt évtizedekben számos fejlesztés történt ennek a problémának a kiküszöbölésére. Munkámban ezen eredmények összefoglalására tettem kísérletet.
Method for developing and modelling composite web-services
Authors: Gozhyj Aleksandr P. , Kalinina Irina A. , Gozhyj Victor A.
Published: October 2023

The article describes a method for developing and modelling composite web-services. Web-service composition is used to derive new functionality from the interaction of existing web-services. Composite web-services are built in several stages: specifications (determining the type of service); development of the structure of the service based on the algebra of services; service composition modelling; selecting a service variant and generating a service. The main elements of the proposed approach are the algebra of services and web-services interaction models (basic and composite). The above approach formally presents the consideration of the main aspects in solving problems related to the construction of effective composite web-services and the selection of mathematical models, namely: description of web-services, determining the structure of web-services, taking into account the dynamics of information changes, taking into account the main uncertainties in building the structure web-services. Based on the approach, a method for constructing composite web-services has been developed. The method is based on an algebraic description of a web-service based on a specialized algebra of services. The method consists of the following steps: description of the task of developing a web-service; development of the structure of a web service based on the algebra of services; formal description of the structure and clarification of service operations; building models of functioning and interaction of service components; building simulation models of the composite service; defining the final structure of the composite service; web-service implementation. The main tool for describing composite services is the algebra of services, and the model building tool is colouredPetri nets implemented using СPN Tools. As an example of the application of the developed method, the construction of a pharmaceutical service is described, in which the modellingof the interaction of web-services based on Petri nets is used. The process of building a composite model of a web-service is considered. The process begins with building a pharmaceutical web-service model structure based on the service algebra. Based on the service algebra, operators were developed to implement composite services. The structure of the model is developed, which is presented in the form of a formal description. The process of building pharmaceutical service models in the СPN Tools environment is described in detail.
Technology elements of behavioral energy testing of distributedinformation systems
Authors: Martynyuk Oleksandr N. , Nesterenko Sergey A. , Thuong Bui Van , Sugak Lyudmila P. , Martynyuk Dmitry O.
Published: October 2023

Early testing of the reliability of functioning, performed before the occurrence of critical emergency situations, plays an important role in the theory and practice of monitoring and diagnosing various technical systems, including computer distributed information systems. Many checking and diagnostic methods directly or indirectly use the energy characteristics of systems, that are directly related to the work they execute, that is, their performance. The proposed elements of the technology of behavioral energy-consumptiontesting are based on the corresponding models and methods, supplemented by the registration and analysis of inertial temperature and operational volt/ampere char-acteristics of the test behavior of systems, at the model level represented by extendedenergy-consumptionPetri nets. The elements of behav-ioral testing technology,proposed in thiswork,are distinguished by an additional set of calculated and empirical boundary temperature and volt/ampere characteristics of both systems and their components. These characteristics represent states/vertexes,positions/transitions,frag-ments and scenarios of operation,that are critical in terms of energy consumption, which gives grounds for their monitoring. A feature of these elements of the technology is also the possibility of determining and using natural identifying properties of energy characteristics in behavioral testing, which allows them to be used in check and recognition experiments for the reliability of functioning, both independently and in conjunction with behavioral analysis. The use of additional analysis of energy consumption by temperature and volt/ampere character-istics,as part of complex testing technologies and automatic systems of technical diagnostic,based on them,makes it possible to increase the efficiency, completeness and flexibility of behavioral online and offline testing for computer distributed information systems.
Acerca de las pseudoterapias: entre el limbo jurídico y el derecho penal
Authors: Gómez Rivero Mª del Carmen
Published: October 2023

El trabajo se ocupa de la eventual responsabilidad derivada del ejercicio de las llamadas pseudociencias o pseudoterapias. La vasta oferta de productos y servicios que comprende, así como las cifras que dan cuenta del elevado porcentaje de la población que recurre a ellas contrasta con la ausencia de un régimen administrativo general regulador de la actividad. Tampoco el Código penal contempla previsiones específicas al respecto, por lo que las irregularidades en su ejercicio y los consiguientes intereses lesionados de los afectados habrán de canalizarse en este orden conforme a los tipos delictivos previstos con carácter general. A lo largo del trabajo se ponen de relieve las posibilidades y dificultades de aplicación en la materia de los distintos delitos contra el patrimonio, el orden socioeconómico, los relativos a las conductas falsarias así como a la vida y salud, entendida esta última tanto en clave individual como colectiva.
Educación de III Ciclo de la Enseñanza General Básica y Diversificada Académica: análisis comparativo de las estructuras curriculares bajo la mirada de la inclusión, exclusión y desigualdad educativa
Authors: Seravalli Monge Giannina
Published: October 2023

Within the framework of the research activity carried out from the program Profiles, Dynamics and Challenges of Costa Rican Education from CIDE, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, a comparative study was conducted among the different socio-educational factors and inclusion-exclusion actions present in the secondary educational level at a national scope. As a result, a description of the conformation of the public education system was made and the study plans are analyzed taking as a reference the provisions of the Ministry of Public Education and in the document called Compendium of Offers and Services of the Costa Rican Educational System 2016. For the analysis, an assessment of the curricular characteristics was carried out, in terms of subjects and number of lessons, of each curricular plan and the description of each of them was compared using the study plan of traditional academic schools as a point of reference. The main goal of doing this analysis was to identify whether the different curricular proposals could generate inclusion, exclusion, and educational inequality from the student training processes on the Costa Rican public education subject curricula.
Empleo de las tecnologías de información y comunicación como herramienta, por parte del personal docente de primaria, para la materia de Estudios Sociales
Authors: Chaves Choza Johana , Zúniga Fallas Max
Published: October 2023

One of the main characteristics of the Digital Era is the inclusion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the different facets of daily life, particularly in education and its incorporation in classroom dynamics. Based on this, a proposal of educational strategies is presented through the use of technological tools for approaching the subject of Social Studies in the fourth year of primary school, for which the quantitative approach was used to diagnose the level of knowledge about ICT as a tool in the educational process by the teaching staff of the fourth year of primary school in the subject of Social Studies during the first semester of 2019 and the perception of the fourth year students on the use of technological tools in the classroom. It was possible to detect gaps in knowledge about ICT, frequency of use, methodology employed, strategies used, types of tools, roles and teaching approaches. At the same time, aspects such as the sporadic use of technological tools stand out, of which the television under a behaviorist model and the low knowledge of ICT by the teaching staff are noticeable. The results obtained were used as the basis for the design of the proposal.