bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Performance of Planting Materials and Standardization of Nutrient Requirement for High Yield, Quality and Early Spike Development in Tuberose (Agave amica Medik.) cv. Arka Prajwal
Authors: Kiruthika A.  , Irene Vethamoni P.  , Aneesa rani M. S.  , Keisar Lourdusamy D.  , Maragatham S.
Published: September 2023

The study was carried out at Vegetable Research Station, TNAU, Palur, Tamil Nadu during 2021to2022. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with eight treatments and three replications. Planting materials used for the study were bulbs and bulblets. The eight nutrient combinations were tried with foliar application of micronutrient like zinc sulphate (0.2%), Ferrous sulphate (0.5%), Copper sulphate (0.4%) and Boric acid (0.2%) on 30, 60 and 90 DAP, individually and in combination with 25 t ha-1 FYM and recommended dose of fertilizer (200:200:200 kg ha-1 NPK). The control was maintained with RDF. Various biometric observations on growth and flowering attributes of tuberose were observed for all the treatments at different stages. The result of the present investigation revealed that among the interaction effects,B1N8[RDF + ALL 19 (NPK) + GA3@ 200 ppm (2 spray at 30 days intervals) + ZnSO4 (0.2%) + FeSO4 (0.5%) + H3BO3 (0.2 %) + CuSO4 (0.4 %)] recorded the highest plant height (95.12 cm), leaf length (51.85 cm), leaf width (2.4 cm), number of leaves per plants (42.67), rachis length (34.87cm), number of floret/spikes (46.66), flower duration (18.12 days), floret length (6.92 cm) and floret diameter (4.39cm) followed by the treatment B2N8 which recorded the highest height (90.44 cm), leaf length (48.48 cm), leaf width (2.2 cm), number of leaves per plants (39.78), rachis length (30.42 cm), number of floret/spikes (44.95), flower duration (19.93days), floret length (6.45cm) and floret diameter (4.21cm). From the interaction effect, the treatment combinationB2N1 [control (RDF) 200:200:200 NPK] recorded the lowest plant height (72.36 cm), leaf length (42.81 cm), leaf width (1.12 cm) and number of leaves per plants (43.00), rachis length (25.11cm), number of floret/spikes (37.00), flower duration (15.23days), floret length (5.04 cm) and floret diameter (3.02 cm).
Survey on Fungicide Usage Patterns and Farmer’s Willingness to Adopt Disease Management Practices in Cucurbits
Authors: Ananthi P. , Karthikeyan M. , Revathy N. , Boopathi N. Manikanda , Ganapati Patil Santosh , Johnson I. , Basha J. Shajith
Published: September 2023

The rising use of fungicides in cucurbits are significant issue, there are insufficient data to support the various factors influencing fungicide usage pattern. In this survey, a structured questionnaire and sequential exploratory mixed design was used to gather information about marginal scale (<5 acre) cucurbits farmers along with their perception on fungicide and their knowledge towards adopting integrated disease management. Cucurbits downy mildew and powdery mildew poses major diseases and shows severe yield loss upto 42% and 34%, respectively. The results revealed that most of the farmers heavily relied on fungicide (55.71%) for management, although they were aware of the negative impacts of fungicides on human health and the environment (67.14%). In this Dimethomorp (18.57%) and Metalaxyl + Mancozeb (17.14%) was mostly used. During a cropping season, farmers (38.57%) was used fungicide frequently for 8-9 times and also adhered to less pre-harvest intervals. In this study, a data on farmers following indiscriminate and frequent use of chemical fungicide which led to disease resurgence, resistance, also encouraged to follow integrated disease management strategy and adoption to preventive measures based on forewarning advisory.
Effect of Drip Irrigation Levels and Weed Management Practices on Quality Parameters and Yield of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) under Mango Orchard
Authors: Sahu Santosh Kumar , Bhambri M. C. , Jain Vinamrata , Chandraker M. K. , Sahu Nandni , Limje Shivaji , Deshmukh Rupesh
Published: September 2023

A field experiment, aimed to study the effect of drip irrigation levels and weed management practices on quality and productivity of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) in mango orchard was carried out at Pt. K.L. S. College of Horticulture and Research Station, Rajnandgaon (Chhattisgarh) during two consecutive years (2019-20 and 2020-21). The results indicated that all the quality parameters like total carbohydrate in rhizomes, volatile oil yield in rhizomes, oil yield and curcumin content in turmeric were significantly higher values observed when the crop imposed to drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan and hand weeding thrice at 25, 50 and 75 DAP in 2019-20 and 2020-21. However, flood irrigation at 1.0 Epan and weedy check plot recorded the lowest values of these parameters during both years. The combination of  drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan with hand weeding thrice at 25, 50 and 75 DAP recorded significantly the highest fresh rhizomes yield (29.10, 32.40 and 30.75 t ha-1)  and cured rhizomes yield (6.58, 6.93 and 6.76 t ha-1) during kharif -rabi 2019-20 and 2020-21and on mean basis, respectively.
Exploring Lactic Acid Bacterial Metabolites for Antimicrobial Activity Against Spoilage Organisms of Grapes and Potato
Authors: Agnelo P Christina , Subhashini R. , Kumutha K. , Subbiah A. , Ilamaran M
Published: September 2023

Biopreservation of foods is an alternative and novel method of preservation with increased special interest from consumers.Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has the potential to restrict the microbial proliferation of foods, thus preventing spoilage and extending their shelf life. The antimicrobial capabilities of lactic acid bacteria are linked to various actions by the production of antimicrobial compounds such as bacteriocins, hydrogen peroxide, organic acids, etc. The study aims to explore LAB from traditional foods for the biopreservation of grapes and potatoes.LAB were isolated from twelve different food samples viz., mango pickle, curd, cumbu gruel, neera, cold rice, finger millet, infant feces, milk, lime pickle, fermented cumbu (grain), fermented cumbuflour and whey water and their cell free metabolites were extracted. A total of thirteen bacteria and seven fungal cultures were isolated from spoiled grapes and potato. An in vitro experiment was conducted to study the antimicrobial activity of LAB metabolites by performing an agar well diffusion assay against the spoilage cultures. The results revealed varied antimicrobial activity of LAB isolates to different spoilage cultures from potato and grapes. Among the LAB isolates, metabolites from curd, cumbu gruel, fermented cumbuflour, finger millet and neera cultures were observed to inhibit more number of spoilage organisms and produced maximum inhibition zone. A consortium was prepared by pooling the metabolites from these promising cultures and assayed for antimicrobial activity which confirmed the above results.
Study of the Effect of Biochar Incubation on Some Physico-Chemical Properties of a Tropical Leached Soil from South-West Chad
Authors: Arka Bahouro , Hamit Abderamane , Koye Djondang , Zakaria Mahamat Nour , Pierre Nguetnkam Jean
Published: September 2023

Soils in the Sudanian zone of Chad, and more specifically leached tropical soils, were subject to physical and chemical degradation phenomena that hamper crop production. Solving this problem requires solutions for the rational improvement of fertility. The aim of this study, conducted in a controlled environment, was to assess the fertilising potential of biochar on impoverished soil by monitoring the kinetics of the evolution and release of chemical elements that improve the physico-chemical quality of the soil. Four treatments were carried out: control soil (T0), treatment 1B: 100g soil + 0.225g biochar (i.e. 5 t/ha), treatment 2B: 100g soil + 0.3375g biochar (i.e. 7.5 t/ha) and treatment 3B: 100g soil + 0.450g biochar (i.e. 10 t/ha). Each treatment was repeated four times. Four main parameters were measured during the trial period: pH, assimilable phosphorus, exchangeable bases and their sums (Ca, Mg, K, Na and SBE) and cation exchange capacity. These different parameters showed that the biochar treatments significantly improved soil quality, whatever the dose and incubation time, compared with the T0 control. Treatment 1B (5t/ha biochar application) increased pH by an average of 6.5%, phosphorus by 132.5%, SBE by 406.1% and CEC by 43.4%. Treatment 2B (application of 7.5 t/ha of biochar) improved pH by an average of 8.5%, phosphorus by 155.1%, SBE by 207.6% and CEC by 46.2%. Treatment 3B (application of 10t/ha of biochar) produced a marked improvement, increasing pH by 11.2%, phosphorus by 198.7%, SBE by 457.6% and CEC by 29.9%. These results further confirm the vital importance of biochar in fertilising impoverished tropical soils. Based on pH, sum of bases and phosphorus, treatment 3B gave better results by considerably increasing the initial chemical element content of the control soil than the other biochar treatments.
Effect of Potassium and Sulphur on Nutrient Uptake and Economics of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Authors: Solanki B. P. , Amin A. U. , Naghera J. A. , Gorasiya C. A. , Prajapati A. S.
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2021-22 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat on loamy sand soil to study the response of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to potassium and sulphur. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) consisted three level each of potassium (0, 20 and 40 kg/ha) and sulphur (0, 15 and 30 kg/ha) and replicated four times. Application of 40 kg K2O/ha gave significantly higher potassium content and uptake in seed and straw. However, different levels of potassium on sulphur content in seed and straw of coriander was not significant. The maximum sulphur content and uptake in seed and straw was recorded with application of 30 kg S/ha but sulphur application do not influence on potassium content in seed and straw. Application of 40 kg K2O /ha and to 30 kg S/ha gave significantly higher gross and net realizations as well as BCR. While, application of 20 kg K2O /ha and 15 kg S/ha resulted in the higher ICBR.
Enhancing Drip Irrigation Efficiency through Novel Statistical Modeling of Wetting Patterns in Water-Scarce Agriculture
Authors: Pal Raj Kumar , Arunadevi K. , Pazhanivelan S. , Ravikumar V. , Selvakumar S.
Published: September 2023

Drip irrigation is a critical solution for agricultural water scarcity, especially in water-scarce regions. This study introduces innovative statistical models to estimate essential wetting patterns in clay loam soil for optimizing drip irrigation systems. Using a drip system with a 45 cm emitter spacing and a 4 litre per hour discharge rate, operational durations from 10 to 140 minutes were examined. Statistical models (Exponential, Linear, Logarithmic, Polynomial, and Power) were developed to predict vertical and horizontal water movement. The results highlight the Logarithmic model's excellence in predicting vertical water movement, with a remarkable Coefficient of Correlation (CC) 0.98 cm and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) 0.76 cm, while the Polynomial model is best for horizontal movement with a CC 0.98 cm, and RMSE 1.25 cm respectively. Importantly, these models can be applied to generate artificial data for both horizontal and vertical water movements under unchanged conditions when no observable wetting pattern is present.
Molecular Characterization and Diversity Analysis of Green Gram [Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek] by Using SSR Markers
Authors: Nikhil Angari , Gangadhar Lalam , Rathore Meenal , Soren Khela Ram , Lal Gaibriyal M.
Published: September 2023

Molecular characterization was done for Green gram genotypes using SSR markers. The 14 green gram genotypes were clustered using ward method and squared Euclidean distance using nine SSR markers. As per dissimilarity coefficient, genotypes were grouped into three clusters namely Cluster I which consisted of 6 genotypes and divided into two sub Clusters IA consist of  IPM2-3, IPM-99-125, PUSA-0672, DGGV-2 and sub cluster IB consists of MH-2-5, HUM-16 Cluster II and Cluster III, Cluster II consisted of 4 genotypes  that was further divided into  three sub clusters IIA consisted of MH-3-18, PUSA VSHAL and sub cluster IIB consisted of one genotype namely PANT MUNG-5, sub cluster IIC had PUSA-9531. Cluster III consisted of 4 genotypes divided into two sub clusters IIIA consists of SML-668, SML-832 and sub cluster IIIB consisted of IPMD-604-1-7, OBGG-58. Polymorphic information content values (PIC) ranged from 0.000 to 0.704 per locus with an Average value of  0.519. Among 9 markers SSR VR91 generated highest percent of PIC value. Based  on the polymorphic band results PCA was performed for 9 SSR markers for 14 Green gram genotypes among all the factors PC1 TO PC9, the PC1 (25.872) accounted for maximum proportion of variability in the set of all variables and PC9 (0.372) accounted for progressively lesser amount of variability. It can be concluded from the above results that the highest Eigen value for PC1 (2.328) and the least is PC9 with (0.033) were registered.
Fertility Status of Soil and Nutrients Content of Spring Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as Influenced by Gypsum, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application
Authors: Brar Akashdeep Singh , Manhas S. S.
Published: September 2023

The field investigation was carried out for two years at the Students’ Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during spring season of 2018 and 2019.   The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four levels of gypsum (0, 125, 175 and 225 kg ha-1) in combination with two gypsum application stages (full at sowing and 50 % at sowing + 50 % at flower initiation stage) in the main plot and three levels of nitrogen and phosphorus (15 kg N ha-1 + 20 kg P2O5 ha-1, 25 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 35 kg N ha-1 + 40 kg P2O5 ha-1) in the sub-plot. Application of 225 kg ha-1 gypsum resulted in maximum kernel N, P, K and S concentration and haulm P and S concentration, which was statistically at par with 175 kg ha-1 and 125 kg ha-1 gypsum, while significantly higher than control. Split application of gypsum recorded non-significant results on concentration of N, P, K, Ca and S in haulm and kernel during both the year. The concentration of N, P, K, Ca and S in haulm and kernel was maximum with application of 35 kg N ha-1 + 40 kg P2O5 ha-1, except for K and Ca in kernel which was significantly higher than lower dose. Soil characteristics such as pH, EC and organic carbon analysed after the harvest of crop were non-significantly affected by the application of different gypsum levels, stage of gypsum application and different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus during both the years. Available phosphorus in soil was highest with 225 kg ha-1 gypsum which was at par with 175 and 125 kg ha-1 gypsum, while significantly higher over control. Available calcium and sulphur of soil were maximum with 225 kg ha-1 gypsum, which was at par with 175 kg ha-1 gypsum while significantly higher than lower levels. Available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sulphur in soil were non-significantly affected by different gypsum application stages. Available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil was highest with 35 kg N ha-1 + 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 and significantly higher over other levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Available calcium and sulphur in soil were non-significantly affected by different nitrogen and phosphorus levels during both the years. The application of 225 kg ha-1 gypsum, gypsum applied in two splits and application of 25 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 resulted maximum pod yield of spring groundnut.
Micro Nutrient Management for Enhanced Growth, Yield, and Quality of Mango: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Veersain  , Kumar Mohit , Kumar Deepak , Homeshvari  , Yadav K. S. , Yadav Shubham , Satnam  , Kumar Suneel
Published: September 2023

This review paper delves into the intricate interrelationships among micronutrient interventions, carbohydrates, and osmostimulants, investigating their collective influence on diverse aspects of mango tree growth and fruit characteristics. Micronutrients, essential elements required in small quantities for plant health, play a pivotal role in shaping optimal plant development. The paper underscores the significance of these micronutrients by highlighting their roles in stimulating vegetative growth, influencing flowering dynamics, regulating fruit set processes, impacting yield metrics, and contributing to the nuanced attributes of fruit quality. This synthesis illuminates the complex network of processes governing mango tree growth and fruit production. Moreover, the study underscores the potential of well-structured nutrient management strategies as key catalysts for optimizing mango production outcomes. By carefully balancing the imperative of yield quantity and fruit quality, such strategies hold the promise of enhancing overall agricultural efficiency. Drawing insights from a comprehensive review of pertinent studies, this research paper contributes to a holistic comprehension of the intricate interactions involving micronutrients, carbohydrates, and osmostimulants, intricately connected with the diverse growth and fruit parameters within mango trees. Through this endeavor, the paper provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay of micronutrients within mango cultivation, offering a knowledge foundation for informed agricultural practices geared towards sustainable and high-quality fruit production. The paramount importance of micronutrients in fostering robust crop health and productivity underscores the broader implications of these findings for contemporary agricultural methodologies.
Bilateral Upper Limb Amelia in a Neonate in North-Western Nigeria: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Adamu Asma’u , Oloche Onankpa Ben , Omar Memuna , Aliyu Nuradeen Altine , Isezuo Khadijat Omeneke , Izuchukwu Obasi
Published: September 2023

Amelia affects approximately 0.05 to 0.09 out of every 10,000 newborn babies. The complete absence of a limb may occur in isolation or as a part of multiple congenital malformations. The condition is uncommon and very little is known with certainty about the etiology, It could also be sporadic and can be caused by teratogens such as thalidomide, alcohol, vascular compromise by amniotic bands and maternal diabetes mellitus. Amelia's genesis has also been linked to various types of heredity.

We report a term female neonate delivered by a  healthy 30-year-old primipara in North-Western Nigeria, with the two upper limbs completely missing at birth, other parts of the body were essentially normal. The maternal history revealed no known identifiable risk factor for Amelia. We are reporting this case because of the rarity of this congenital defect.
One Pot Synthesis of Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate from Fishbone-derived Carbon
Authors: Wirawan Teguh , Nurhadi Mukhamad , Rahmadani Agung , Prananto Yuniar Ponco , Zhu Zhiying , Lai Sin Yuan , Nur Hadi
Published: September 2023

Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate (CSH) with uniform morphology and high crystallinity were successfully prepared by a precipitation-hydrolysis method in a concentrated sulfuric acid solution containing fishbone-derived carbon. The CSH was produced by carbonization of fishbone powder at 500 °C for 2 h, followed by sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid for 3 h. The solid mixture was washed until the pH of 2, then left at room temperature for 3 days. Physical properties of synthesized CSH were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, and melting point test. It is concluded that the CSH were formed due to hydrolysis of fishbone-derived carbon in a moderately concentrated sulfuric acid solution of carbon-derived fishbone and crystallization into a fibrous octa calcium phosphate (OCP) form. In this research, effect of crystal growth time, effect of pH during the crystal growth, and effect of volume of the solution were also investigated. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
How Pedagogues Support Inclusion in Denmark: Experiences, Barriers, and Recommendations
Authors: Gulløv Cristina , Murawski Wendy W
Published: September 2023

Danish school reform around inclusive practices became more prevalent in 2014, and efforts to address the needs of children with disabilities increased. One of the primary ways to meet students' needs in an inclusive setting was to move pedagogues out of their traditionally after-school social settings into the general education classroom to co-teach with content teachers. This qualitative study followed groups of pedagogues and classroom teachers in Denmark for two years, using interviews and observations to ascertain the challenges and successes of co-teaching between pedagogues and teachers. The results mirror in many ways the current research on co-teaching in other countries and with other collaborating professionals. The challenges, barriers, and successes experienced by pedagogues and teachers who were expected to co-teach due to Danish school reform on inclusion are shared. Recommendations build on existing literature and address the unique role that Danish pedagogues can play in moving inclusive practices forward and how their experiences can be applied to co-teachers in other countries and settings.
What evidence exists on the use of pollinator tools in agricultural landscapes: A systematic map protocol
Authors: Dwyer C. , Clough Y. , Bartholomée O. , Smith H. G.
Published: September 2023

The widespread decline of insect pollinators poses a conservation concern and threatens both the pollination of wild plants and crops. Primary drivers of pollinator decline are habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation, which to a large extent result from agricultural intensification.

Numerous tools have been developed to aid decision‐making relating to insect pollinators and pollination in agricultural landscapes. These tools provide valuable information for understanding the drivers of insect population changes in agricultural areas and projecting future population trends in response to various actions.

However, there is currently no comprehensive list of available tools, and their usability (ease of use and acceptability for conducting tasks) for decision‐making purposes.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand what tools have been designed, their commonalities and their suitability for different decision context, to ensure the effectiveness of pollinator‐friendly management and conservation actions.

In this study, we present a systematic map methodology that will collate and catalogue relevant tools relating to insect pollinators and/or pollination in agricultural landscapes. We will conduct searches in bibliographic databases such as ‘Web of Science Core Collection’ and ‘Scopus’ using a tested search string. Additionally, we will manually search grey literature using web‐based engines (Google Scholar and ProQuest) and websites. After removing duplicates, the search results will be screened sequentially based on predetermined eligibility criteria, including title, abstract, and full text.

The extracted data will provide metadata for mapping the usability of the tools, utilising descriptive tables, statistics and figures. Usability will be assessed across three categories: the tool itself, the user and the user‐context.

The results from this mapping exercise can support researchers in synthesising progress in terms of pollinator‐related tools, and direct research and development efforts to bridge the identified gaps and shortcomings. It will also have significant implications for managers, stakeholders and policymakers, by providing guidance on existing tools and supporting informed tool choices.
Development of a Screening Algorithm for Lung Disease in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Wobma Holly , Bachrach Ronny , Farrell Joseph , Chang Margaret H. , Day‐Lewis Megan , Dedeoglu Fatma , Fishman Martha P. , Halyabar Olha , Harris Claudia , Ibanez Daniel , Kim Liyoung , Klouda Timothy , Krone Katie , Lee Pui Y. , Lo Mindy S. , McBrearty Kyle , Meidan Esra , Prockop Susan E. , Samad Aaida , Son Mary Beth F. , Nigrovic Peter A. , Casey Alicia , Chang Joyce C. , Henderson Lauren A.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Lung disease (LD) is an increasingly recognized complication of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). As there are no currently available guidelines for pulmonary screening in sJIA, we sought to develop such an algorithm at our institution.

Methods

A multidisciplinary workgroup was convened, including members representing rheumatology, pulmonary, stem cell transplantation, and patient families. The workgroup leaders drafted an initial algorithm based on published literature and experience at our center. A modified Delphi approach was used to achieve agreement through three rounds of anonymous, asynchronous voting and a consensus meeting. Statements approved by the workgroup were rated as appropriate with moderate or high levels of consensus. These statements were organized into the final approved screening algorithm for LD in sJIA.

Results

The workgroup ultimately rated 20 statements as appropriate with a moderate or high level of consensus. The approved algorithm recommends pulmonary screening for newly diagnosed patients with sJIA with clinical features that the workgroup agreed may confer increased risk for LD. These “red flag features” include baseline characteristics (young age of sJIA onset, human leukocyte antigen type, trisomy 21), high disease activity (macrophage activation syndrome [MAS], sJIA‐related ICU admission, elevated MAS biomarkers), respiratory symptoms or abnormal pulmonary examination findings, and features of drug hypersensitivity‐like reactions (eosinophilia, atypical rash, anaphylaxis). The workgroup achieved consensus on the recommended pulmonary work‐up and monitoring guidelines.

Conclusion

We developed a pulmonary screening algorithm for sJIA‐LD through a multidisciplinary consensus‐building process, which will be revised as our understanding of sJIA‐LD continues to evolve.
Multiscale Experimentation and Modeling of Localized Damage in Diffusion‐Bonded 316L Stainless Steel Structures
Authors: Ye Wenye , Efthymiadis Panos , Mushongera Leslie T.
Published: September 2023

Herein, experimental and modeling tools are employed to understand the joint area for a diffusion‐bonded 316L stainless steel. Detailed microstructure characterizations by means of optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy are coupled to in situ micromechanical testing and micro‐ and nano‐indentation to fully reveal the properties at the joint area. Crystal plasticity finite‐element modeling is performed utilizing the exact microstructure to understand the effect of individual slip systems on transgranular strain fields. It is revealed that the diffusion line is only marginally harder. The final failure of the sample occurred away from the joint area, and both the base metal and bond line, shows evidence of considerable twinning and plastic deformation by (dislocation) slip initiating at grain boundaries. Additional slip systems and slip bands form to propagate across all matrices, blocking further dislocations after the ultimate tensile strength point. The presence of flaws within the weldment is found to be negligible.
InP Quantum Dots Tailored Oxide Thin Film Phototransistor for Bioinspired Visual Adaptation
Authors: Gao Zhixiang , Ju Xin , Zhang Haizhong , Liu Xiaohan , Chen Hongyu , Li Wanfa , Zhang Hongliang , Liang Lingyan , Cao Hongtao
Published: September 2023

The exploration of bionic neuromorphic chips, capable of processing sensory data in a human‐like manner, is both a trend and a challenge. There is a strong demand for phototransistors that offer broadband in‐sensor adaptability. This study introduces a bioinspired vision sensor based on InP quantum dots (QDs)/InSnZnO hybrid phototransistors. This novel design combines the excellent electrical transportation features of oxide semiconductors with the superior optoelectronic response of InP QDs. The resulting hybrid devices exhibit exceptional gate controllability and a robust visible‐light response. These characteristics enable the emulation of multiple functions of the human visual system and the accommodation of varying light intensity environments. Furthermore, the phototransistor array successfully replicates the scotopic and photopic adaptation recognition behaviors of the human retina. Notably, the device demonstrates faultless competency in image processing, achieving an impressive 93% accuracy for digit recognition. These findings contribute to the advancement of bionic neuromorphic chips and offer promising opportunities for future developments in the bioinspired visual system.
Advancing Intelligent Organ‐on‐a‐Chip Systems with Comprehensive In Situ Bioanalysis
Authors: Li Xiao , Zhu Hui , Gu Bingsong , Yao Cong , Gu Yuyang , Xu Wangkai , Zhang Jia , He Jiankang , Liu Xinyu , Li Dichen
Published: September 2023

In vitro models are essential to a broad range of biomedical research, such as pathological studies, drug development, and personalized medicine. As a potentially transformative paradigm for 3D in vitro models, organ‐on‐a‐chip (OOC) technology has been extensively developed to recapitulate sophisticated architectures and dynamic microenvironments of human organs by applying the principles of life sciences and leveraging micro‐ and nanoscale engineering capabilities. A pivotal function of OOC devices is to support multifaceted and timely characterization of cultured cells and their microenvironments. However, in‐depth analysis of OOC models typically requires biomedical assay procedures that are labor‐intensive and interruptive. Herein, the latest advances toward intelligent OOC (iOOC) systems, where sensors integrated with OOC devices continuously report cellular and microenvironmental information for comprehensive in situ bioanalysis, are examined. It is proposed that the multimodal data in iOOC systems can support closed‐loop control of the in vitro models and offer holistic biomedical insights for diverse applications. Essential techniques for establishing iOOC systems are surveyed, encompassing in situ sensing, data processing, and dynamic modulation. Eventually, the future development of iOOC systems featuring cross‐disciplinary strategies is discussed.
A Facile and Strategic Approach to Superhydrophobic Fibrous Structure with Biaxially Aligned Electrospun Porous Fibers
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Yifu , Huang Yunqiao , Zuo Zhigang , Musselman Kevin , Duan Xiaoming , Yu Hesheng , Xu Zhenghe , Tan Zhongchao
Published: September 2023

Electrospun fibrous structures can be developed superhydrophobic while remaining breathable. However, current electrospinning‐based methods for developing superhydrophobicity require complex fabrication processes and multiple raw materials, lacking a facile approach to superhydrophobicity using electrospun fibers. Inspired by a cultural relic known as Plain Gauze Gown, a fibrous structure consisting two layers of porous fibers aligned in warp and weft directions by simple electrospinning is developed. Through investigation of wetting behavior, an unique Cassie–Baxter‐“restoring” (CaRe) wetting contributing to a stable Cassie–Baxter state is unveiled in the developed structure. The CaRe wetting ensures that droplet stays on the upper‐layer fibers even at a sparse inter‐fiber distance, enabling strategically reaching superhydrophobicity by lowering structure solidity. Remarkably, the developed structure with water contact angle between 159° and 162° and roll‐off angle from 10° to 3° has a water vapor transmission rate of 20.8 kg m−2 d−1, which is the highest value among all superhydrophobic electrospun structures reported, and it is also waterproof and semi‐transparent. These features make the structure suitable for a wide range of applications, including developing waterproof, breathable, and superhydrophobic membrane with simple preparation and low cost, and as a surface layer for wearable electronics that facilitates sweat evaporation and prevents water intrusion.
Next Generation of Brain Cancer Nanomedicines to Overcome the Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB): Insights on Transcytosis, Perivascular Tumor Growth, and BBB Models
Authors: Bor Gizem , Hosta‐Rigau Leticia
Published: September 2023

Brain cancers, particularly malignant gliomas such as glioblastoma, are highly invasive and characterized by elevated complexity, heterogeneity, and high infiltration ability. Therefore, they pose a significant challenge to conventional treatments due to the limited drug permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the involvement of numerous acquired and intrinsic drug resistance mechanisms in metastatic brain tumors, and the high sensitivity of surrounding healthy tissues. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, their prognosis remains poor, with their median overall survival rarely exceeding 12 months. To overcome these limitations, different nanomedicine‐based therapeutic approaches have recently been proposed, aiming to provide more effective and safer drug delivery for targeting brain cancers. However, most reported nanomedicines to date have failed to meet the high expectations in the clinic. This fact can be attributed to limited understanding of brain tumor biology and lack of knowledge about bio‐nanoparticle interactions, among other factors. This review discusses recent progress in brain cancer nanomedicines, with a particular focus in understanding intracellular sorting mechanisms, perivascular tumor growth, and the design of advanced BBB models. It also highlights how an improved understanding of brain tumor biology can pave the way for designing safer and more effective nanomedicines for brain cancer treatment.
Wireless, Smart Hemostasis Device with All‐Soft Sensing System for Quantitative and Real‐Time Pressure Evaluation
Authors: Zhang Chengjun , Yang Qing , Meng Xianglin , Li Haoyu , Luo Zexiang , Kai Lin , Liang Jie , Chen Sicheng , Chen Feng
Published: September 2023

The properly applied pressure between the skin and hemostasis devices is an essential parameter for preventing bleeding and postoperative complications after a transradial procedure. However, this parameter is usually controlled based on the subjective judgment of doctors, which might cause insufficient hemostatic effect or thrombosis. Here this study develops a compact and wireless sensing system for continuously monitoring the pressure applied on the radial artery and wrist skin in clinical practice. A liquid metal (LM)‐based all‐soft pressure sensor is fabricated to enable conformal attachment between the device and skin even under large deformation conditions. The linear sensitivity of 0.007 kPa−1 among the wide pressure range of 0–100 kPa is achieved and the real‐time detection data can be wirelessly transmitted to mobile clients as a reference pressure value. With these devices, detailed pressure data can be collected, analyzed, and stored for medical assistance as well as to improve surgery quality.
Sequential Cyanation of Polythiophenes: Tuning Charge Carrier Polarity in Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Ma Suxiang , Wang Junwei , Wu Wenchang , Wu Ziang , Zhang Hao , Chen Rifei , Liu Bin , Feng Kui , Woo Han Young , Guo Xugang
Published: September 2023

Polythiophenes, built on head‐to‐head (HH) linked 3,3′‐oligomer ethylene glycol‐2,2′‐bithiophene (gT2), have simple chemical structure, good backbone planarity, and relatively high‐lying the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, hence showing excellent p‐type performance in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) with µC* of several hundred F cm−1 V−1 s−1. In this study, sequential cyano substitution is utilized to enable transformation of charge carrier polarity from p‐type to n‐type in OECTs, based on the parent polythiophene g4T2‐T2. With the increase of cyano group number, the polythiophenes exhibit gradually lowered LUMO levels from −2.55 to −3.90 eV. As a result, from g4T2‐T2 to CNg4T2‐CNT2, the p‐type performance dramatically diminishes accomplished by the enhancement of n‐type one when applied in OECTs. To the authors' delight, polymer CNg4T2‐CNT2 with the highest content of cyano groups exhibits a remarkable n‐type µC* of 27.01 F cm−1 V−1 s−1 and high gm,norm of 6.75 S cm−1 with negligible p‐type character. This study demonstrates that sequential cyano substitution provides a powerful approach for developing high‐performance n‐type polymers for OECT applications.
A Minireview: The Mechanism of H2O2 Photoproduction by Graphitic Carbon Nitride
Authors: Sun Lu , Li Pengfei , Shen Ziye , Pang Yamei , Ma Xiaobao , Qu Dan , An Li , Sun Zaicheng
Published: September 2023

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is extensively used in production and life, functioning as an ecofriendly oxidant. However, the dominant method currently employed, the anthraquinone method, is not conducive to sustainable development. Recently, photocatalytic H2O2 synthesis has garnered significant attention as an environment‐friendly approach. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), a new type of photocatalyst, shows great potential for generating H2O2 due to its excellent stability, high photocatalytic activity, selectivity, easy adjustability, and low cost. However, the research on the mechanism of H2O2 photoproduction has not been fully understood, which limits its development and practical application. Herein, the recent progress on modified g‐C3N4 is summarized and the effect of modification methods on the photocatalytic activity and H2O2 generation process is discussed. The challenges and perspectives of g‐C3N4 toward H2O2 photoproduction are proposed.
Dispersion of InSb Nanoinclusions in Cu3SbS4 for Improved Stability and Thermoelectric Efficiency
Authors: Theja Vaskuri C. S. , Karthikeyan Vaithinathan , Assi Dani S. , Huang Hongli , Shek Chan-Hung , Roy Vellaisamy A. L.
Published: September 2023

Thermoelectric‐based waste heat recovery requires efficient materials to replace conventional non‐eco‐friendly Te‐ and Pb‐based commercial devices. Ternary copper chalcogenide‐based famatinite (Cu3SbS4) compound is one of the practical substitutes for traditional thermoelectric materials. However, the pristine Cu3SbS4 inherits poor structural complexion, large thermal conductivity, and low power conversion efficiency. To develop high‐efficiency Cu3SbS4, InSb nanoinclusions are incorporated via high‐energy ball milling followed by the hot‐press densification method. Incorporating InSb nanoinclusions to lower thermal conductivity via phonon scattering while increasing the thermopower via a carrier energy filtering process. The thermoelectric performance (ZT) of ≈0.4 at 623 K is obtained in Cu3SbS4‐3 mol% InSb nanocomposite, which is ≈140% higher than pure Cu3SbS4. Both mechanical and thermal stability are improved by grain boundary hardening and dispersion strengthening. Thus, a facile nanostructured Cu3SbS4 with added InSb nanoinclusions is delivered as a highly efficient, eco‐friendly, structurally‐, thermally‐, and mechanically‐stable material for next‐generation thermoelectric generators.
Essential updates 2021/2022: Update in surgical strategy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kawano Fumihiro , Yoshioka Ryuji , Ichida Hirofumi , Mise Yoshihiro , Saiura Akio
Published: September 2023

Resection is the only potential curative treatment for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC); however, complete resection is often technically challenging due to the anatomical location. Various innovative approaches and procedures were invented to circumvent this limitation but the rates of postoperative morbidity (20%–78%) and mortality (2%–15%) are still high. In patients diagnosed with resectable PHC, deliberate and coordinated preoperative workup and optimization of the patient and future liver remnant are crucial. Biliary drainage is recommended to relieve obstructive jaundice and optimize the clinical condition before liver resection. Biliary drainage for PHC can be performed either by endoscopic biliary drainage or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. To date there is no consensus about which method is preferred. The volumetric assessment of the future remnant liver volume and optimization mainly using portal vein embolization is the gold standard in the management of the risk to develop post hepatectomy liver failure. The improvement of systemic chemotherapy has contributed to prolong the survival not only in patients with unresectable PHC but also in patients undergoing curative surgery. In this article, we review the literature and discuss the current surgical treatment of PHC.
A Novel Untethered Robotic Fish with an Actively Deformable Caudal Fin
Authors: Xu Yaohui , Dong Bingbing , Zheng Changzhen , Zuo Qiyang , He Kai , Xie Fengran
Published: September 2023

Based on the observation that live fish caudal fins exhibit softness, flexibility, and active deformation, which are essential for generating thrust, stability, and maneuverability, herein, a comprehensive study on a novel type of bionic robotic fish with an actively deformable caudal fin is presented. The article first presents the design of the robot. Next, the quasisteady model theory is used to establish the hydrodynamic force for modeling the deformable caudal fin. Furthermore, three deformation modes are studied and compared: the conventional nondeformable mode, the sine‐based mode, and the instantaneous mode. Finally, a series of extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate various performance metrics of this innovative untethered biomimetic robotic fish, including thrust, swimming speed, yaw stability, turning radius, and turning rate. The results demonstrate that the introduction of active deformation of the caudal fin significantly enhances the swimming performance in the aforementioned indices when compared to the conventional nondeformable mode. Notably, the instantaneous mode exhibits best performance in terms of thrust, swimming speed, turning radius, and turning rate, while the sine‐based mode demonstrates the best yaw stability. Consequently, this research contributes to the advancement of robotic fish design and the development of underwater biomimetic robots.
Fabrication of mesoporous CrTe supported on graphitic carbon nitride as an efficient electrocatalyst for water oxidation
Authors: Seliem Amal F. , Ashiq Muhammad Faheem , Jabbour Karam , Mohammed Ayeda Y. A. , Bano Nigarish , Attia A. , Ansari Mohammad Numair , Ashiq Muhammad Naeem , Ibrahim Mohamed M.
Published: September 2023

It is essential to produce oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts, which are active and enduring for water electrolyzers. In order to create the effective OER, new chromium telluride/graphitic carbon nitride (gCN/CrTe) is produced via simple hydrothermal method. In this case, catalyst super hydrophilic surface is developed by the addition of 10% gCN nanosheets that can optimize the revelation of active sites and encourage the mass dispersion. Due to the robust contact among CrTe and gCN, which causes a lattice strain and an increase in the electron density around Cr sites, regulating the bonding between the catalyst and chemical intermediates. The improved 10% gCN/CrTe nanocomposite offers not only a good endurance but also by the highest mass activity. The synthesized 10% gCN/CrTe electrocatalysts provided low overpotential around 187 mV for OER to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2 in alkaline media with 51.0 h of long durability. Paving the way for innovative applications, this will enable the manipulation of advanced materials' fundamental properties at the atomic scale.
Habituation of auditory responses in young autistic and neurotypical children
Authors: Dwyer Patrick , Williams Zachary J. , Vukusic Svjetlana , Saron Clifford D. , Rivera Susan M.
Published: September 2023

Prior studies suggest that habituation of sensory responses is reduced in autism and that diminished habituation could be related to atypical autistic sensory experiences, for example, by causing brain responses to aversive stimuli to remain strong over time instead of being suppressed. While many prior studies exploring habituation in autism have repeatedly presented identical stimuli, other studies suggest group differences can still be observed in habituation to intermittent stimuli. The present study explored habituation of electrophysiological responses to auditory complex tones of varying intensities (50–80 dB SPL), presented passively in an interleaved manner, in a well‐characterized sample of 127 autistic (MDQ = 65.41, SD = 20.54) and 79 typically developing (MDQ = 106.02, SD = 11.50) children between 2 and 5 years old. Habituation was quantified as changes in the amplitudes of single‐trial responses to tones of each intensity over the course of the experiment. Habituation of the auditory N2 response was substantially reduced in autistic participants as compared to typically developing controls, although diagnostic groups did not clearly differ in habituation of the P1 response. Interestingly, the P1 habituated less to loud 80 dB sounds than softer sounds, whereas the N2 habituated less to soft 50 dB sounds than louder sounds. No associations were found between electrophysiological habituation and cognitive ability or participants' caregiver‐reported sound tolerance (Sensory Profile Hyperacusis Index). The results present study results extend prior research suggesting habituation of certain sensory responses is reduced in autism; however, they also suggest that habituation differences observed using this study's paradigm might not be a primary driver of autistic participants' real‐world sound intolerance.
In‐house standards derived from doping peptides: Enzymatic and serum stability and degradation profile of GHRP and GHRH‐related peptides
Authors: González‐López Nicolás Mateo , Guerra‐Acero‐Turizo Luisa María , Blanco‐Medina Isabella , Barragán‐Cárdenas Andrea Carolina , Ramírez‐Celis David Augusto , Martínez‐Ramírez Jorge Ariel , Fierro‐Medina Ricardo , García‐Castañeda Javier Eduardo , Rivera‐Monroy Zuly Jenny
Published: September 2023

Matrix effect and sample pretreatment significantly affect the percentage recovery of peptides in biological matrices, affecting the method robustness and accuracy. To counteract this effect, an internal standard (IS) is used; however, in most cases this is not available, which limits the analytical method. It is important to identify short peptides that can be used as ISs in the quantification of peptides in biological matrices. In this study, doping peptides GHRP‐4, GHRP‐5, GHRP‐6, Sermorelin (1–11), Sermorelin (13–20) and Sermorelin (22–29) were synthesized using solid‐phase peptide synthesis. Treatment with human blood, trypsin and chymotrypsin was used to determine the stability of the peptides. Products were evaluated using the high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD) method. The analytical methodology and sample pretreatment were effective for the analysis of these molecules. A unique profile related to protein binding and enzymatic stability of each peptide was established. GHRP‐4, GHRP‐6 and Sermorelin (22–29) can be considered as in‐house ISs as they were stable to enzyme and blood treatment and can be used for the quantification of peptides in biological samples. Peptides GHRP‐6 and Sermorelin (22–29) were used to analyse a dimeric peptide (26[F] LfcinB (20–30)2) in four different matrices to test these peptides as in‐house IS.