bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long non‐coding RNA PANDAR promoted radiation and cisplatin‐induced DNA damage repair through ATR/CHK1 in NSCLC
Authors: Zhao Songyun , Yu Nanxi , Wang Hang , Wan Zhijie , Diao Chaoyue , Chen Yuanyuan , Liu Tingting , Yang Yanyong , Gao Fu , Bai Chong , Cao Kun , Cai Jianming
Published: July 2023

Background

DNA‐damaging agents, including radiation and platinum‐based chemotherapy, are indispensable treatments for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, cancer cells tend to be resistant to both radiation and chemotherapy, thus resulting in treatment failure or recurrence. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) PANDAR (promoter of CDKN1A antisense DNA damage‐activated RNA) on NSCLC sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy.

Methods

Cell counting kit (CCK‐8), colony formation and flow cytometry were respectively performed to determine the cell cycle and apoptosis of NSCLC cells treated with γ‐ray radiation and cisplatin. The extent of DNA damage was evaluated using a comet assay and immunofluorescence staining against γH2AX. In addition, we explored the role of PANDAR in DNA damage response pathways through western blot analysis. Finally, a nude mouse subcutaneous xenograft model was established to assess the sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy in vivo.

Results

In cell experiments, PANDAR knockdown can increase the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to radiation and cisplatin. The CCK‐8 results showed that cell viability was significantly increased in the overexpression group after radiation and cisplatin treatments. The overexpression group also showed more colonies, less apoptosis and DNA damage, and G2/M phase arrest was aggravated to provide the time necessary for DNA repair. Contrary to PANDAR overexpression, the trends were reversed in the PANDAR knockdown group. Furthermore, PANDAR knockdown inhibited radiation and cisplatin‐activated phosphorylation levels of ATR and CHK1 in NSCLC cells. Finally, our in vivo model showed that targeting PANDAR significantly sensitized NSCLC to radiation and cisplatin.

Conclusion

Our study showed that PANDAR knockdown promoted sensitivity to radiation and cisplatin in NSCLC by regulating the ATR/CHK1 pathway, thus providing a novel understanding as well as a therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.

In NSCLC cells, lncRNA PANDAR negatively regulates sensitivity to radiation and cisplatin. PANDAR can promote the repair of radiation and cisplatin‐induced DNA damage and activation of the G2/M checkpoint through the ATR/CHK1 pathway. PANDAR knockdown results in defects in DNA damage repair accompanied by more cell apoptosis.
Visible light‐enhanced and degradable SERS substrates based on g‐C3N4/Au NP hybrid structures
Authors: Zhang Menghan , Yin Jiayi , Song Wenlong , Qiu Qinlu , Mao Rongchuan , Yu Yu , Ding Kejian , Wu Songmei
Published: July 2023

In this study, a visible light‐activated and degradable surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate was fabricated based on graphite carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and gold nanoparticle (Au NP) hybrid structures. By using porous structure of g‐C3N4 as the support, Au NP arrays can be formed through sputtering of a thin Au film. Typical surface Raman enhancement effect can be observed by using p‐toluenethiol as the probe molecule. Interestingly, it was found that the Raman signal of probe molecules could be enhanced 2.7 times by pre‐illumination of visible light for a short time within 2 min, while the Raman signal decreased significantly about five times with further long‐term irradiation of more than 60 min. The electromagnetic enhancement effect of Au NP array on semiconductor materials with various extinction coefficients was studied by FDTD simulations. Furthermore, a charge transfer enhancement mechanism was proposed based on band structure of g‐C3N4/Au NP hybrid substrate and molecular orbitals. Our experimental and simulation results demonstrated an approach to construct a visible light‐activated SERS substrate with enhancement and degradation properties based on porous organic semiconductors.
Thoracic Duct Occlusion Leading to Intermittent Left Supraclavicular Swelling and Pancreatitis
Authors: Jona Nikitha , Majdalany Bill S. , Klein Adam M.
Published: July 2023

Intermittent left supraclavicular swelling is an uncommon and elusive condition that can lead to extensive diagnostic workups to determine the etiology and treatment. One potential cause is partial, intermittent, or complete thoracic duct occlusion (TDO). We report on a patient who presented with chronic, intermittent left supraclavicular swelling and abdominal pain that was relieved by thoracic duct angioplasty. Thoracic duct occlusion should be included in the differential diagnosis of left supraclavicular swelling. Lymphatic imaging can facilitate the diagnosis and allows for potential percutaneous treatment. Laryngoscope, 134:1313–1315, 2024
Distinctive patterns of soil microbial community during forest ecosystem restoration in southwestern China
Authors: Zuo Youwei , Liu Xiangning , Ma Te , Zeng Yulian , Li Wenqiao , Xia Changying , Zhang Huan , Li Zongfeng , Deng Hongping
Published: July 2023

Microorganisms are essential in soil biogeochemical processes and vegetation establishment. Nonetheless, investigating predictable patterns in the microbial structure during forest restoration damaged by natural or human factors in southwestern China is still limited. Hence, the study intended to explore the effects of forest restoration damaged by illegal construction, abandoned mines, and meteorological disasters on the microbial structure and its consequence on ecosystem functioning. The results uncovered that soil and plant attributes in the restoration forests damaged by illegal construction were similar to the natural community. Furthermore, the alpha diversity indexes were higher in the restoration forests damaged by human factors than in the natural community. Co‐occurrence network analysis identified hub bacterial (e.g., Roseiarcus and Comamonas) and fungal (e.g., Exophiala and Botryotrichum) taxa, proving densely connected interactions with other microorganisms. Restoration forests damaged by illegal construction harbored beneficial genera belonging to Proteobacteria (Nordella, Xanthobacteraceae, and Sphingomonas) and Basidiomycota (Panaeolus, Psilocybe, and Sebacina), whereas restoration forests damaged by abandoned mines presented specialized bacteria involved in dark sulfur oxidation and ureolysis. Correlation analysis showed that soil properties, especially water content and pH, were the dominant factors affecting the microbial communities. Tree and shrub alpha diversities were significantly related to Chloroflexi in the natural community, and herbaceous richness was remarkably related to Proteobacteria and Mortierellomycota in the restoration forest damaged by human factors. Collectively, this comprehensive analysis generates novel insights to explore the contrasting responses of microbial communities during the process of restoration and provides essential microbial indicators for habitat restoration in southwestern China.
A meta‐analysis on the psychological and behavioral consequences of nostalgia: The moderating roles of nostalgia activators, culture, and individual characteristics
Authors: Santini Fernando de Oliveira , Lim Weng Marc , Ladeira Wagner J. , Costa Pinto Diego , Herter Márcia M. , Rasul Tareq
Published: July 2023

While previous research suggests that nostalgia can stimulate future‐oriented motivation and goal pursuit, the presence of conflicting findings complicate our understanding of the psychological and behavioral consequences of nostalgia. This study introduces and empirically validates a theoretical framework for nostalgia through a meta‐analysis of 90 effect sizes and 9757 aggregate samples from 22 experimental studies. Our findings enrich understanding of the effects of nostalgia, showing that compared to a control, nostalgia enhances consumers' sense of pleasantness, self‐continuity, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. We also identify several moderators that shape the effects of nostalgia, namely nostalgia activators, culture, and individual characteristics. Intriguingly, stronger behavioral intentions manifest in response to nostalgic events (rather than objects), realistic (over nonrealistic) scenarios, visual (as opposed to textual) priming, and female‐majority (vs. male‐majority) samples. However, we observe that long‐term (vs. short‐term) oriented cultures exhibit diminished nostalgia effects. Furthermore, we find no significant variations in responses based on age (older vs. younger), type of nostalgic experience (personal vs. collective), and sample type (students vs. nonstudents). Collectively, our meta‐analysis reveals the intricate dynamics of nostalgia, emphasizing its profound impact on consumer behavior as shaped by moderators such as nostalgia activators, culture, and individual characteristics, thereby providing a multifaceted and nuanced understanding of nostalgia.
Macromolecular Architecture‐Dependent Polymorphous Crystallization Behavior of PVDF in the PVDF/γ‐BL System via Thermally Induced Phase Separation
Authors: Gaßdorf Florian , Fan Zengxuan , Schwaderer Jan , Beuermann Sabine , Wilhelm René , Weber Alfred P. , Fischlschweiger Michael
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the effect of the macromolecular architecture of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) on its thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) behavior and polymorphic crystallization in the PVDF/γ‐butyrolactone (PVDF/γ‐BL) system. Preparative PVDF fractions with specific macromolecular architecture and phase constitution are generated. The results show that PVDF's macromolecular architecture, particularly the degree of branching and regio‐defects, plays a significant role in its temperature‐dependent crystallization and resulting polymorphic phases. While regio‐defects dominate crystallization in the temperature range between 30 and 25 °C, the degree of branching becomes decisive in the 25–20 °C interval. The developed fractions of PVDF are further analyzed in terms of their molecular weight distribution, revealing that the PVDF fractions crystallized out of solution have similar molecular weight distributions with lower dispersity compared with the feed polymer. These findings are crucial for macromolecular separation and adjustment of PVDF polymorphic properties and hence for the development of tailor‐made PVDF matrix materials for composites and membranes. The findings suggest the possibility of polymorphous phase tailoring of PVDF based on macromolecular architecture due to temperature‐controlled crystallization out of solution and strongly motivate further research to reveal deeper knowledge of regio‐defect and branching influence of PVDF solution crystallization.
On the construction of solutions for the parabolic Dirac operator and equivalent systems
Authors: Delgado Briceyda B. , Guillén‐Villalobos Aarón , Macías‐Díaz Jorge E.
Published: July 2023

In this manuscript, we characterize the kernel of the parabolic Dirac operator in an explicit way. More precisely, we will show that the members of this kernel equivalently satisfy a generalized div‐curl system. Furthermore, it will be established that it is sufficient to know four scalar solutions of the heat equation to construct explicitly a
‐valued function with 16 components belonging to the kernel of the parabolic Dirac operator. Some additional inherited properties of the heat equation are derived in this work along with concrete examples.
Mid‐upper arm circumference in hospitalized pediatric patients with cancer: Is there an association with malnutrition?
Authors: Pedro Jéssica , Martucci Renata , Monteiro Gina , Saraiva Danúbia
Published: July 2023

Background

Malnutrition is common in children/adolescents with cancer. Mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) is recommended by the International Society of Pediatric Oncology for measuring nutrition status. The aim was to evaluate the nutrition status of pediatric patients with cancer and verify whether MUAC is associated with malnutrition and length of stay (LOS).

Methods

This was an observational study of patients aged 0–19 years with solid and hematological neoplasms. Data included anthropometric measurements of nutrition status by body mass index/age (BMI/A), weight/age, weight/height, height/age, MUAC, mid‐arm muscle circumference, triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), and biochemical measurements of characterizing inflammation (serum prealbumin level, serum albumin level, and C‐reactive protein [CRP]). Statistical tests such as the Student t test, Mann‐Whitney test, and Spearman correlation were employed to analyze the data. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.

Results

Of 111 patients, 51.7% (n = 57) were male, and solid tumors were prevalent (76.6%, n = 85). The median age was 8.5 years. The anthropometric measurements of the arm revealed a higher prevalence of malnutrition when compared with anthropometric indices. According to the Spearman correlation, a high and positive correlation was observed between MUAC and BMI/A (ρ = 0.800 and P < 0.001). There was an association between MUAC, TSF, and high CRP with LOS (P = 0.025, P = 0.003, and P < 0.001, respectively). Patients with a MUAC (less than the fifth percentile) had almost 2.73 times the chance of having a prolonged LOS.

Conclusion

MUAC was a good parameter for the classification of nutrition status and the assessment of LOS in pediatric patients with cancer.
Effect of folic acid‐linked chitosan‐coated PLGA‐based curcumin nanoparticles on the redox system of glioblastoma cancer cells
Authors: Ghoreyshi Nima , Ghahremanloo Atefeh , Javid Hossein , Homayouni Tabrizi Masoud , Hashemy Seyed Isaac
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Oxidative stress is one of the carcinogenic mechanisms underlying the development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly aggressive brain tumor type associated with poor prognosis. Curcumin is known to be an efficient antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer compound. However, its poor solubility in water, inappropriate pharmacokinetics, and low bioavailability limit its use as an antitumor drug. We prepared PLGA‐based curcumin nanoparticles changed with folic acid and chitosan (curcumin‐PLGA‐CS‐FA) and evaluated its effects on GBM tumor cells' redox status.

Methods

The nanoprecipitation method was used to synthesize CU nanoparticles (CU‐NPs). The size, morphology, and stability were characterized by DLS, SEM, and zeta potential analysis, respectively. The CU‐NPs' toxic properties were studied by MTT assay and measuring the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. The study was completed by measuring the gene expression levels and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutaredoxin, and thioredoxin antioxidant enzymes.

Results

The size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of CU‐NPs were 77.27 nm, 0.29, and −22.45 mV, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency was approximately 98%. Intracellular ROS and MDA levels decreased after CU‐NP treatment. Meanwhile, the CU‐NPs increased gene expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutaredoxin, and thioredoxin antioxidant enzymes.

Conclusion

CU‐NPs might be effective in the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma cancer by modulating the antioxidant–oxidant balance.
Mechanism of strength degradation of frozen soil–rock mixture under temperature rise‐induced particle ice film ablation
Authors: Tang Liyun , Lu Zihan , Zheng Juanjuan , Zheng Jianguo , Jin Long , Yu Yongtang , Jia Hailiang , Sun Qiang , Wu Di , Li Gang
Published: July 2023

The mesoscale effect of climate change and engineering activities on a superficial frozen soil–rock mixture (FSRM) in regions is complex. The decrease in strength caused by particle ice film ablation under temperature rise has various effects, such as upper subgrade settlement deformation. However, the internal mechanism of FSRM strength degradation remains unclear. Triaxial and nuclear magnetic resonance tests on FSRM were performed at various temperatures to clarify the mechanism of FSRM internal degradation. The results show that the strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle of FSRM decrease with increasing temperature, and the attenuation is significant in the range of −5 to 0°C. The change in ice–water content can be divided into three stages (i.e., freezing, phase transformation, and complete melting). In the three stages, the maximum free water is only 24%, while the maximum bound water is 100% above 0°C. Based on the microscopic test results, a mesoscopic calculation model for FSRM particles was developed. It was found that the work between particles is consistent with the law of strength degradation, and the friction function by particles gradually changes to bite work with increasing temperature. By introducing the strain energy theory, the strain energy generated by particle shear work is considered the key index to reflect FSRM strength. The particle ice film locking effect is weakened under temperature rise, and the increase in water weakens the strain energy generated by the work of the bite friction between particles during the shear process. At the macro level, the strength of FSRM deteriorates.
Insight into the stability and thermal decomposition behavior of nitrocellulose supplemented with different types of zeolites
Authors: Chebbah Memdouh , Benaliouche Fouad , Trache Djalal , Abdelaziz Amir , Fouzi Tarchoun Ahmed
Published: July 2023

Nitrocellulose is commonly used as a main ingredient in propellant formulations, but its thermal instability necessitates the employment of stabilizers as additives. In this study, the potential of four adsorbents, namely, zeolites MOR, BEA, MFI, and FAU as stabilizing agents for nitrocellulose was evaluated. Their performance was compared to that of the traditional stabilizer, DPA. The thermal stability of nitrocellulose (NC) that contains each stabilizer was assessed through VST, B&J test, and TGA analysis. The compatibility of NC with each stabilizer was also scrutinized using FTIR, heat of combustion, and DSC. The computation of the kinetic parameters for NC that contains each stabilizer was carried out using non‐isothermal DSC experiments. The obtained results demonstrated that the different zeolites exhibited promising stabilizing efficiency toward NC. The zeolites revealed good compatibility with NC as well, as confirmed by FTIR and DSC analyses. This work contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop environmentally friendly stabilizers for NC.
Design of negative‐regulating proteins of Rheb/mTORC1with much‐reduced sizes of the tuberous sclerosis protein complex
Authors: Fu Wencheng , Wu Geng
Published: July 2023

The mTORC1 signaling pathway regulates cell growth and metabolism in a variety of organisms from yeast to human, and inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway has the prospect to treat cancer or achieve longevity. The tuberous sclerosis protein complex (TSCC) is a master negative regulator of the mTORC1 signaling pathway through hydrolyzing the GTP loaded on the small GTPase Rheb, which is a key activator of mTOR. However, the large size (~700 kDa) and complex structural organization of TSCC render it vulnerable to degradation and inactivation, thus limiting its potential application. In this work, based on thorough analysis and understanding of the structural mechanism of how the stabilization domain of TSC2 secures the association of TSC2‐GAP with Rheb and thus enhances its GAP activity, we designed two proteins, namely SSG‐MTM (short stabilization domain and GAP domain‐membrane targeting motif) and SSG‐TSC1N, which were able to function like TSCC to negatively regulate Rheb and mTORC1, but with much‐reduced sizes (~1/15 and ~ 1/9 of the size of TSCC, respectively). Biochemical and cell biological assays demonstrated that these designed proteins indeed could promote the GTPase activity of Rheb to hydrolyze GTP, inhibit the kinase activity of mTORC1, and prevent mTORC1 from down‐regulating catabolism and autophagy.
Can deciduous tree revetments reduce streambank erosion rates on a sand‐bed stream?
Authors: Bigham Kari A. , Keane Tim D. , Moore Trisha L.
Published: July 2023

Accelerated streambank erosion can threaten infrastructure and land, as well as water quality and aquatic habitats. Streambank stabilization techniques have been developed with the intent to reduce or halt streambank erosion. One such technique is the use of woody revetments. This case study evaluates the effectiveness of deciduous tree revetments on stabilizing streambanks on the Smoky Hill River, a low‐gradient, sand‐bed stream located in central Kansas in the United States. It was hypothesized that deciduous tree revetments would mimic bank protection processes of permeable‐type spurs, capturing sediment and reducing velocities and shear stresses near the toe of the streambank. To test this hypothesis, cross‐sectional dimensions of four streambanks were obtained before and after installation of tree revetments and compared to four natural, control streambanks (i.e., not stabilized) over a 5‐year period. Rates of bank erosion were calculated and compared. This study found that, in its current design form, deciduous tree revetments were not effective at reducing bank erosion, as all sites had experienced revetment failures by the end of the study period. Furthermore, the installation of tree revetments accelerated bank erosion rates following revetment failure. Increased bank erosion was attributed to both the construction disturbance, as well as improper anchoring of the revetment. The results of this case study show the importance of collecting bank stratigraphic data and incorporating it, as well as expected flow scenarios, in numerical modelling tools to assess designs and adjust accordingly. While conducting these analyses upfront may result in higher design costs, long‐term maintenance or replacement costs would be decreased.
Complexities of sustainable palm oil production by smallholders in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Ayompe Lacour Mody , Nkongho Raymond Ndip , Wandum Lionel M. , Orang Bessem O. , Fiaboe Komi K. M. , Tambasi Emmanuel E. , Kettunen Marianne , Egoh Benis N.
Published: July 2023

Sub‐Saharan Africa is increasingly viewed as an important area for oil palm cultivation and expansion. Palm oil is a commodity that can help developing countries like Cameroon attain their sustainable development goals (SDGs) targets through poverty alleviation (SDG 1) and by providing revenue to smallholder farmers to buy a variety of food thereby reducing hunger. However, due to the many negative environmental and social consequences, the sector needs to be made more sustainable. In this study, we set out to unpack the complexities including costs and benefits for smallholder farmers to practice sustainable palm oil production. We use both gray and peer‐reviewed literature, conversational interviews with smallholder farmers and managers of certified palm oil mills, and a workshop with smallholders in Cameroon. We found that smallholders face several challenges including weak land tenure rights, the use of poor‐quality seeds and low‐yielding oil palms, and a lack of skills, expertise, and access to financing. Certification could help alleviate some of the challenges by providing access to financing, training to improve yields, access to better seedlings, and increased access to higher value markets. However, the certification cost is very high compared to the income from oil palm cultivation for most farmers. Farmers will therefore need considerable assistance from organizations and brokers to remain financially viable. Our study provides important insights to countries such as the EU, United Kingdom, and United States that are in the process of adopting legislation to regulate deforestation associated with imports of key commodities such as palm oil.
Ultra‐Long Cycle of Prussian Blue Analogs Achieved by Equilibrium Electrolyte for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Jiahe , Yang Cheng , Wen Bo , Li Ben , Liu Yu
Published: July 2023

Aqueous sodium‐ion batteries have promising prospects in large‐scale electrical energy storage, which lack of suitable cathode with high specific capacity and long cycle lifespan, unfortunately. Manganese‐based Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) (KMnHCF/NaMnHCF) are ideal candidates for low‐cost and high theoretical specific capacity merits. But the rapid decline hinders their application, due to side reactions caused by water imbalance. Here, an equilibrium strategy, which can balance the interstitial water supplement and water attack, is proposed. As proof of the concept, xCS (x: proportion, CS: co‐solvent, such as polyethylene glycol and trimethyl phosphate) equilibrium electrolytes are introduced to solve the rapid decline. Assisting with the electrolyte, KMnHCF realizes excellent performance (10 000 cycles), which is beyond most cathode materials of sodium‐ion batteries. The full batteries composed of KMnHCF cathode and NaTi2(PO4)3 anode also display outstanding performance (7000 cycles) and promising application prospects at low‐temperature and engineering scenes. And then, the equilibrium electrolyte concept is verified by NaMn0.8Fe0.2HCF and NaMnHCF, proving its universality for low‐cost and long‐life manganese based PBAs.
Effect of water‐reducing admixtures water content on rheology, workability, and mechanical properties of fly ash‐based geopolymer and slag‐based alkali‐activated mixtures
Authors: Keser Hasan Erinc , Ramyar Kambiz , Gultekin Adil
Published: July 2023

Admixtures used in concrete have been produced for conventional concrete and the behavior of these additives in geopolymer/alkali‐activated systems is still complicated. In this study, the effects of different types of water‐reducing admixtures on the fresh and mechanical properties of Class F fly ash‐based geopolymer mortars and alkali‐activated slag mortars were investigated. For this purpose, flow diameter, rheological examination, compressive and flexural strength tests were carried out. The data obtained showed that the admixtures used in the study did not have a positive effect on the fresh properties of geopolymer/alkali‐activated mortars, and the improvements in the flow properties were due to the extra water contributed by the admixture. The flow diameters of the mixtures containing the same amount of water with the mixture containing plasticizer were generally higher than those of the mixtures prepared with the admixture up to 10.3% in the fly ash‐based mortars and 15.4% in the slag‐based mortars. Addition of plasticizers reduced the compressive strength of fly ash‐based geopolymer and slag‐based alkali‐activated mortars up to 31.7% and 29.7%, respectively.
Religion, Values and Politics: The Effect of Religiosity on Attitudes Towards Immigrants and Muslims
Authors: Polak Regina , Schuster Dirk
Published: July 2023

The European Values Study demonstrates a significant impact of religiosity on political attitudes. As an example, the authors investigate the effect of religiosity on attitudes towards immigrants and Muslims, as they are crucial for liberal democracy and a focal point of conflicts about values, politics, and religion. In three steps, the authors reflect on the complexity of this effect. First, selected theories about secularisation, individualisation, and pluralisation of religion are used to outline the development of religion in Europe and its role in the political arena. Second, the effect of religiosity in relation to sociodemographic factors is analysed. A cluster analysis forming socioreligious types offers a deeper insight, quantitatively and qualitatively, of the effect of religiosity on attitudes towards immigrants and Muslims in selected countries. Third, the results are theoretically interpreted. The authors demonstrate that religiosity is neither an independent influencing factor nor one that directly affects attitudes towards immigrants and Muslims. Rather, across Europe, the effect of religiosity is inseparably connected with sociodemographic variables such as ‘age’ and ‘size of town’ and depends on country-specific factors such as political discourses on migration, and religious historical constellations.
Autophagy protein 5 controls flow-dependent endothelial functions
Authors: Nivoit Pierre , Mathivet Thomas , Wu Junxi , Salemkour Yann , Sankar Devanarayanan Siva , Baudrie Véronique , Bourreau Jennifer , Guihot Anne-Laure , Vessieres Emilie , Lemitre Mathilde , Bocca Cinzia , Teillon Jérémie , Le Gall Morgane , Chipont Anna , Robidel Estelle , Dhaun Neeraj , Camerer Eric , Reynier Pascal , Roux Etienne , Couffinhal Thierry , Hadoke Patrick W. F. , Silvestre Jean-Sébastien , Guillonneau Xavier , Bonnin Philippe , Henrion Daniel , Dengjel Joern , Tharaux Pierre-Louis , Lenoir Olivia
Published: July 2023

Dysregulated autophagy is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, where impaired flow-mediated endothelial cell responses promote cardiovascular risk. The mechanism by which the autophagy machinery regulates endothelial functions is complex. We applied multi-omics approaches and in vitro and in vivo functional assays to decipher the diverse roles of autophagy in endothelial cells. We demonstrate that autophagy regulates VEGF-dependent VEGFR signaling and VEGFR-mediated and flow-mediated eNOS activation. Endothelial ATG5 deficiency in vivo results in selective loss of flow-induced vasodilation in mesenteric arteries and kidneys and increased cerebral and renal vascular resistance in vivo. We found a crucial pathophysiological role for autophagy in endothelial cells in flow-mediated outward arterial remodeling, prevention of neointima formation following wire injury, and recovery after myocardial infarction. Together, these findings unravel a fundamental role of autophagy in endothelial function, linking cell proteostasis to mechanosensing.
The artificial oxygen carrier erythrocruorin—characteristics and potential significance in medicine
Authors: Kruczkowska Weronika , Kciuk Mateusz , Pasieka Zbigniew , Kłosiński Karol , Płuciennik Elżbieta , Elmer Jacob , Waszczykowska Klaudia , Kołat Damian , Kałuzińska-Kołat Żaneta
Published: July 2023

The diminishing supply and increasing costs of donated blood have motivated research into novel hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) that can serve as red blood cell (RBC) substitutes. HBOCs are versatile agents that can be used in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock. However, many of the RBC substitutes that are based on mammalian hemoglobins have presented key limitations such as instability and toxicity. In contrast, erythrocruorins (Ecs) are other types of HBOCs that may not suffer these disadvantages. Ecs are giant metalloproteins found in annelids, crustaceans, and some other invertebrates. Thus far, the Ecs of Lumbricus terrestris (LtEc) and Arenicola marina (AmEc) are the most thoroughly studied. Based on data from preclinical transfusion studies, it was found that these compounds not only efficiently transport oxygen and have anti-inflammatory properties, but also can be modified to further increase their effectiveness. This literature review focuses on the structure, properties, and application of Ecs, as well as their advantages over other HBOCs. Development of methods for both the stabilization and purification of erythrocruorin could confer to enhanced access to artificial blood resources.
Comparison of narrow-band imaging with autofluorescence imaging for endoscopic detection of squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil
Authors: Syba J. , Trnkova K. , Dostalova L. , Votava M. , Lukesova E. , Novak S. , Kana M. , Tesarova M. , Zabrodsky M. , Plzak J. , Lukes P.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Early detection of mucosal neoplastic lesions is crucial for a patient’s prognosis. This has led to the development of effective optical endoscopic diagnostic methods such as narrow band imaging (NBI) and autofluorescence (AFI). Independent of each other, both of these methods were proven useful in the detection of mucosal neoplasias. There are limited reported data comparing both methods for oropharyngeal cancer diagnostics. The aim of the study was to compare NBI and AFI endoscopic visualization of signs in identifying tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and assessing its extent and to determine whether the score was related to the evaluator’s experience.

Methods

Patients with tonsillar SCC underwent endoscopic pharyngeal examination using NBI and AFI. Fiftyseven video sequences of examinations of lesions proven to be SCC were evaluated by three reviewers. The accuracy of determination of lesion extent and visualization of its endoscopic signs of malignancy were evaluated.

Results

Endoscopic visualization of tumour spread was significantly better using AFI than NBI (p = 0.0003). No significant difference was found between NBI and AFI in the visualization of endoscopic malignancy determining signs (p = 0.1405). No significant difference was found among the three reviewers in the visualization of tumour spread and for identifying malignancy-determining signs in NBI endoscopy or AFI endoscopy.

Conclusions

The results show that AFI obtained better results for assessing the extent of tonsillar cancers than NBI. Both methods were proven to be equal in the visualization of endoscopic malignancy-determining signs. Both are useful even for less experienced evaluators.
Accounting for weak interfaces in computing the effective crack energy of heterogeneous materials using the composite voxel technique
Authors: Ernesti Felix , Schneider Matti
Published: July 2023

We establish a computational methodology to incorporate interfaces with lower crack energy than the surrounding phases when computing the effective crack energy of brittle composite materials. Recent homogenization results for free discontinuity problems are directly applicable to the time-discretized Francfort-Marigo model of brittle fracture in the anti-plane shear case, and computational tools were introduced to evaluate the effective crack energy on complex microstructures using FFT-based solvers and a discretization scheme based on a combinatorially consistent grid. However, this approach only accounts for the crack resistance per volume and is insensitive to the crack resistance of the interface which is expected to play a significant role by considerations from materials science. In this work we introduce a remedy exploiting laminate composite voxels. The latter were originally introduced to enhance the accuracy of solutions for elasticity problems on regular voxel grids. We propose an accurate approximation of the effective crack energy of a laminate with weak interface where an explicit solution is available. We incorporate this insight into an efficient algorithmic framework. Finally, we demonstrate the capabilities of our approach on complex microstructures with weak interfaces between different constituents.
A novel disulfidptosis-related immune checkpoint genes signature: forecasting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Xue Wanying , Zhang Yuting , Gao Yu , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: July 2023

Background

HCC is an extremely malignant tumor with a very poor prognosis. In 2023, a brand-new kind of cell death known as disulfidptosis was identified. Although, the prognosis as well as expression of immune checkpoints that are closely connected with it in HCC remain unknown.

Methods

In this work, we identified 49 genes with abnormal expression in liver cancer and normal liver tissue, with 23 of them being differentially expressed genes. To create a signature, we classified all HCC cases into three subtypes and used the TCGA database to evaluate each relevant gene’s prognostic value for survival.

Results

Five gene signatures were identified using the LASSO Cox regression approach, while those diagnosed with HCC were split into either low- or high-risk groups. Patients having low-risk HCC showed a much greater likelihood of surviving than those with high risk (p < 0.05). Through immune cell infiltration analysis, it was found that immune-related genes were abundant in high-risk groups and had reduced immune status.

Conclusion

In conclusion, immune checkpoint genes highly associated with disulfidptosis contribute to tumor immunity and can be used to evaluate HCC prognosis. When it comes to predicting overall survival (OS) time in HCC, risk score has been set to be a separate predictor. Through immune cell infiltration analysis, it was found that immune-related genes were abundant in high-risk groups and had reduced immune status. It is possible to measure the prognosis of HCC based on immune checkpoints genes strongly linked to disulfidptosis.
Coexistence Phenomena in the Hénon Family
Authors: Benedicks Michael , Palmisano Liviana
Published: July 2023

We study the classical Hénon family $$f_{a,b}:(x,y)\mapsto (1-ax^2+y,bx)$$

f

a
,
b

:

(
x
,
y
)

↦

(
1
-
a

x
2

+
y
,
b
x
)

, $$0<a<2$$

0
<
a
<
2

, $$0<b<1$$

0
<
b
<
1

, and prove that given an integer $$k\ge 1$$

k
≥
1

, there is a set of parameters $$E_k$$

E
k

of positive two-dimensional Lebesgue measure so that $$f_{a,b}$$

f

a
,
b

, for $$(a,b)\in E_k$$

(
a
,
b
)

∈

E
k

, has at least k attractive periodic orbits and one strange attractor of the type studied in Benedicks and Carleson (Ann Math (2) 133(1):73–169, 1991). A corresponding statement also holds for the Hénon-like families of Mora and Viana (Acta Math 171:1–71, 1993), and we use the techniques of Mora and Viana (1993) to study homoclinic unfoldings also in the case of the original Hénon maps. The final main result of the paper is the existence, within the classical Hénon family, of a positive Lebesgue measure set of parameters whose corresponding maps have two coexisting strange attractors.
Applying WHO2013 diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus reveals currently untreated women at increased risk
Authors: Scheuer Cathrine Munk , Jensen Dorte Møller , McIntyre H. David , Ringholm Lene , Mathiesen Elisabeth Reinhardt , Nielsen Celina Pforr Korsgård , Nolsöe Rúna Louise Mortansdóttir , Milbak Julie , Hillig Thore , Damm Peter , Overgaard Martin , Clausen Tine Dalsgaard
Published: July 2023

Aims

To estimate the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a Danish cohort comparing the current Danish versus the WHO2013 diagnostic criteria, and to evaluate adverse pregnancy outcomes among currently untreated women in the gap between the diagnostic thresholds.

Methods

Diagnostic testing was performed by a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks’ gestation in a cohort of pregnant women. GDM diagnosis was based on the current Danish criterion (2-h glucose ≥ 9.0 mmol/L, GDMDK) and on the WHO2013 criteria (fasting ≥ 5.1, 1 h ≥ 10.0 or 2 h glucose ≥ 8.5 mmol/L, GDMWHO2013). Currently untreated women fulfilling the WHO2013 but not the Danish diagnostic criteria were defined as New-GDM-women (GDMWHO2013-positive and GDMDK-negative). Adverse outcomes risks were calculated using logistic regression.

Results

OGTT was completed by 465 women at a median of 25.7 weeks’ gestation. GDMDK prevalence was 2.2% (N = 10) and GDMWHO2013 21.5% (N = 100). New-GDM was present in 19.4% (N = 90), of whom 90.0% had elevated fasting glucose. Pregnancies complicated by New-GDM had higher frequencies of pregnancy-induced hypertension (13.3% vs 4.1%, p = 0.002), large-for-gestational-age infants (22.2% vs 9.9%, p = 0.004), neonatal hypoglycaemia (8.9% vs 1.9%, p = 0.004) and neonatal intensive care unit admission (16.7% vs 5.8%, p = 0.002) compared to pregnancies without GDM.

Conclusions

GDM prevalence increased tenfold when applying WHO2013 criteria in a Danish population, mainly driven by higher fasting glucose levels. Untreated GDM in the gap between the current Danish and the WHO2013 diagnostic criteria resulted in higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Effects of downstream environmental flow release on enhancing the groundwater recharge and restoring the groundwater/surface-water connectivity in Yongding River, Beijing, China
Authors: Liu Sida , Zhou Yangxiao , Zang Yining , McClain Michael E. , Wang Xu-sheng
Published: July 2023

The Yongding River (Beijing, China) was dry most times of the year, and groundwater storage was severely depleted. To address this issue, a river rehabilitation project was initiated. A downstream environmental flow release (EFR) project from upstream reservoirs has been implemented since 2019. This study evaluated the impact of EFR by constructing transient groundwater-flow and numerical tracer transport models to simulate the hydrogeological responses to the water release events in 2019–2020. The study identified two factors that significantly influence the river leakage rate, which are operational factors (i.e., water release rate and duration) and physical factors (i.e., hydraulic properties of the riverbed, regional hydraulic gradients, and groundwater depth) that determine the maximum water availability for groundwater recharge and maximum infiltration capacity, respectively. Predictive modelling was performed to assess the long-term effects of the proposed EFR scheme from 2021 to 2050, which showed that groundwater levels along the river will increase by 10–20 m by 2050. Groundwater storage is expected to be largely recovered and groundwater/surface-water connectivity in the middle reach of the river will be restored. This restoration will not only maintain the environmental flow for the benefit of ecosystems but also enhance groundwater recharge, promoting sustainable groundwater development in the region. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of the proposed EFR scheme in achieving sustainable groundwater development in the region.
“Because There’s Experts That Do That”: Lessons Learned by Health Care Organizations When Partnering with Community Organizations
Authors: Beidler Laura B. , Fichtenberg Caroline , Fraze Taressa K.
Published: July 2023

Background

Health care organizations’ partnerships with community-based organizations (CBOs) are increasingly viewed as key to improving patients’ social needs (e.g., food, housing, and economic insecurity). Despite this reliance on CBOs, little research explores the relationships that health care organizations develop with CBOs.

Objective

Understand how health care organizations interact with CBOs to implement social care.

Design

Thirty-three semi-structured telephone interviews collected April–July 2019.

Participants

Administrators at 29 diverse health care organizations with active programming related to improving patients’ social needs. Organizations ranged from multi-state systems to single-site practices and differed in structure, size, ownership, and geography.

Measures

Structure and goals of health care organizations’ relationship with CBOs.

Results

Most health care organizations (26 out of 29) relied on CBOs to improve their patients’ social needs. Health care organization’s goals for social care activities drove their relationships with CBOs. First, one-way referrals to CBOs did not require formal relationships or frequent interactions with CBOs. Second, when health care organizations contracted with CBOs to deliver discrete services, leadership-level relationships were required to launch programs while staff-to-staff interactions were used to maintain programs. Third, some health care organizations engaged in community-level activities with multiple CBOs which required more expansive, ongoing leadership-level partnerships. Administrators highlighted 4 recommendations for collaborating with CBOs: (1) engage early; (2) establish shared purpose for the collaboration; (3) determine who is best suited to lead activities; and (4) avoid making assumptions about partner organizations.

Conclusions

Health care organizations tailored the intensity of their relationships with CBOs based on their goals. Administrators viewed informal relationships with limited interactions between organizations sufficient for many activities. Our study offers key insights into how and when health care organizations may want to develop partnerships with CBOs.
Essential not Supplemental: Medicare Advantage Members’ Use of Non-Emergency Medical Transportation (NEMT)
Authors: Razon Na’amah , Gottlieb Laura M. , Fraze Taressa
Published: July 2023

Background

Over five million people in the USA miss or delay medical care because of a lack of transportation. Transportation barriers are especially relevant to Medicare Advantage (MA) health plan enrollees, who are more likely to live with multiple chronic conditions and experience mobility challenges. Non-Emergency Medical Transportation (NEMT) helps to address transportation gaps by providing rides to and from routine medical care (for example, medical appointments, laboratory tests, and pharmacy visits) and has been added as a supplemental benefit to some MA health plans.

Objective

We aimed to characterize MA enrollees’ experiences with supplemental NEMT benefits.

Design

Qualitative interviews focused on participants’ experiences with existing NEMT benefits, transportation, and mobility.

Participants

Twenty-one MA enrollees who used their MA NEMT benefit in 2019 and who remained eligible for ongoing transportation benefits through 2021.

Approach

Using purposive sampling from a list of eligible participants, we recruited individuals who used their MA NEMT benefit in 2019 and who remained eligible for benefit-covered transportation services through 2021.

Key Results

Participants considered NEMT an essential service, particularly because these services helped them decrease social isolation, reduce financial insecurity, and manage their own medical needs. Navigating logistical challenges associated with arranging NEMT services required participants to commit considerable time and energy and limited the effectiveness and reliability of NEMT.

Conclusion

Participants described NEMT as a valued service essential to their ability to access health care. They suggested ways to increase service flexibility and reliability that could inform future NEMT policy and practice. As health systems and payers learn how to best address social risks, particularly as the US population ages, our findings underscore the importance of NEMT services and highlight opportunities to advance comprehensive transportation solutions for MA participants.
Key ecological determinants of the reproductive success and conservation strategy of Delphinium pentagynum subsp. formenteranum (Ranunculaceae), an endangered endemic species of the western Mediterranean Basin (Balearic Islands)
Authors: Llorens Leonardo , Cerrato Marcello D. , Cortés-Fernández Iván , Gil Lorenzo
Published: July 2023

Delphinium pentagynum subsp. formenteranum is an endemic species restricted to the island of Formentera (Balearic Islands), where it is considered an endangered species. Ecological traits such as pollination and pollinator-plant interaction, and seed germination are key processes required for conservation efforts but remain poorly characterized. Floral traits were evaluated analysing total alkaloid content for vegetative plant, floral, nectar and pollen, and volatile emitted by flowers. Flowering phenology was assessed in the field in three different years (1998, 2008, 2018) and under cultivated conditions for D. pentagynum subsp. formenteranum and cohabiting species. Germination trials were conducted both at different constant and alternate temperatures, and seed lots conserved at room temperature were germinated across 7 years to assess seed viability with seed age. Micromorphological seed traits were assessed with scanning electron microscopy. Results show intraspecific flowering synchrony for D. pentagynum subsp. formenteranum with flowering occurring in May after the flowering peak of cohabiting species. Floral traits show lack of odor related volatiles and high alkaloid content in plant and flowers. Germination remains unaffected within a broad spectrum of temperatures and is only negatively affected at high temperatures (23ºC). Seed viability maintains high germination rates for the first 2 years (~ 100%) and decreases after four-five years (40–60%) and six years (20%), being non-viable after seven years. Both phenological displacement and alkaloid content in flowers support pollination specificity, which is restricted almost exclusively to Anthophora balearica. Germination ecology is dependent mainly on water availability, but high seed longevity allows probable transient bank seed.