bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effectiveness of eHealth self-management interventions for pain between oncological and musculoskeletal populations: a systematic review with narrative synthesis
Authors: Evenepoel Margaux , Van Dijck Sophie , Meeus Mira , Dams Lore , Haenen Vincent , Devoogdt Nele , Roussel Nathalie , De Groef An
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review is to compare the effectiveness of eHealth self-management interventions on pain intensity between oncological and musculoskeletal populations and to examine barriers and facilitators of the use of eHealth self-management tools.

Content

In March 2021, a systematic search of the literature was conducted using the databases PubMed and Web of Science. Studies that investigated the effect of eHealth self-management interventions on pain intensity in an oncological and/or a musculoskeletal population were included.

No study was found with a direct comparison of the two populations. Of the ten included studies, only one (musculoskeletal) found a significant interaction effect in favor of the eHealth program and three (musculoskeletal and breast cancer) showed a significant time-effect of the eHealth intervention. In both populations user-friendliness of the tool was considered as a facilitator, the length of the program and the lack of an in-person session as barrier. Due to the absence of a direct comparison, no conclusion can be made on how the effectiveness differs between both populations.

Outlook

Further research should incorporate patient-experienced barriers and facilitators and there is a high need of studies making the direct comparison of the effect of an eHealth self-management intervention on pain intensity in an oncological vs. a MSK population.
Propuesta y validación de instrumento de medición del comportamiento climático en las universidades
Authors: Rodríguez Jasso Alan Francisco , Rodríguez Jasso Lucero de Jesús , Sánchez Limón Mónica Lorena , Delgado Rivas Jesús Gerardo
Published: May 2023

La importancia del cambio climático se ha fortalecido en las últimas décadas, anteponiendo la necesidad por uncambio de comportamiento. El objetivo del presente estudio es establecer una escala de validación para evaluar el comportamiento climático de los estudiantes en las universidades mexicanas a partir de la conciencia pública climática, las normas sociales e individuales y la actitud climática. El método utilizado fue un análisis cuantitativo yconfirmatorio del instrumento propuesto utilizando SmartPLS, dicho instrumento fue aplicado a una muestra de 166 universitarios. Los resultados sugieren una escala válida y confiable para la evaluación del comportamiento climático a través de las variables establecidas, sustentando empíricamente el planteamiento teórico dentro del contextouniversitario y concluyendo en un sustento para la hipótesis planteada. La originalidad del estudio reside en el nivel de análisis realizado (segundo orden), en el modelo generado y en la temática abordada.
Relationship between a Layered Geomembrane–Geotextile System and Constituent Materials in a Multiaxial Tension Test
Authors: Xue Xia , Li Wang-Lin , Wei Ru-Chun , Yang Zhe , Wang Wan-Sheng
Published: May 2023

Layered geomembrane–geotextile systems (LGGSs) are used extensively worldwide. To increase strength, geomembranes are becoming thicker and geotextiles are becoming heavier. It is more challenging to obtain LGGS strength through laboratory tests, especially multiaxial tension tests. To address this problem, the relationships between LGGSs with different combinations and constituent materials were investigated using a multiaxial tension test and theoretical analysis. According to these relationships, when the LGGS and the constituent materials deform to an arc of a sphere because of the pressure applied under the membrane perpendicular to the surface of the specimen, the lowest geotextile (or two layers of continuous geotextile) in contact with the pressure medium in the LGGS can be considered an ineffective layer in multiaxial tension deformation, while the other layers are effective layers. The pressure of an LGGS at different deformations is the total of the pressure of each effective constituent material at corresponding deformations, and the stress within the cross-section of the LGGS at different strains is equal to the sum of the product of the stress of each effective constituent material at corresponding strains and its thickness percentage. With this relationship, we contribute to multiaxial tension mechanical characteristic applications by calculating the multiaxial tensile strength of LGGSs and facilitating material selection in engineering design.
Experimental Study on Uplift Behavior of Two-Plate Horizontal Anchors in Sand
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Mingliang , Jiang Tong
Published: May 2023

An experimental study on sand deformation around two-plate anchors connected to one shaft was conducted by using the digital image correlation technique to investigate load–displacement response and deformation fields in various embedment depth, plate spacing, and relative density configurations. A test setup comprising a camera, loading frame, and computer was developed to measure the uplifting load and displacement and to capture pictures during anchor uplifting. The uplift load of the top and bottom plates was observed to be characterized by asynchrony and a “relay” phenomenon. The deformation fields between the top and bottom plates also illustrated the “relay” phenomenon. Based on the experimental results, three failure models (shallow, deep, and composite failure) are proposed to describe the degree and the extent of soil shear mobilization around the two-plate anchors.
Posterior Parietal Cortex Plays a Causal Role in Abstract Memory-Based Visual Categorical Decisions
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhu Ou , Freedman David J.
Published: May 2023

Neural activity in the lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP) correlates with both sensory evaluation and motor planning underlying visuomotor decisions. We previously showed that LIP plays a causal role in visually-based perceptual and categorical decisions, and preferentially contributes to evaluating sensory stimuli over motor planning. In that study, however, monkeys reported their decisions with a saccade to a colored target associated with the correct motion category or direction. Since LIP is known to play a role in saccade planning, it remains unclear whether LIP's causal role in such decisions extend to decision-making tasks which do not involve saccades. Here, we employed reversible pharmacological inactivation of LIP neural activity while two male monkeys performed delayed match to category (DMC) and delayed match to sample (DMS) tasks. In both tasks, monkeys needed to maintain gaze fixation throughout the trial and report whether a test stimulus was a categorical match or nonmatch to the previous sample stimulus by releasing a touch bar. LIP inactivation impaired monkeys' behavioral performance in both tasks, with deficits in both accuracy and reaction time (RT). Furthermore, we recorded LIP neural activity in the DMC task targeting the same cortical locations as in the inactivation experiments. We found significant neural encoding of the sample category, which was correlated with monkeys' categorical decisions in the DMC task. Taken together, our results demonstrate that LIP plays a generalized role in visual categorical decisions independent of the task-structure and motor response modality.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural activity in the lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP) correlates with perceptual and categorical decisions, in addition to its role in mediating saccadic eye movements. Past work found that LIP is causally involved in visual decisions that are rapidly reported by saccades in a reaction time based decision making task. Here we use reversible inactivation of LIP to test whether LIP is also causally involved in visual decisions when reported by hand movements during delayed matching tasks. Here we show that LIP inactivation impaired monkeys' task performance during both memory-based discrimination and categorization tasks. These results demonstrate that LIP plays a generalized role in visual categorical decisions independent of the task-structure and motor response modality.
Modernization of Teacher Education in China: from Metaphor to Program
Authors:   Dorzhi Banzarov Buryat State University, Ruliene Lyubov N. , Liu Weizhan ,   Dorzhi Banzarov Buryat State University
Published: May 2023

The relevance of the study is due to the need to rethink and apply successful reform practices in the national education system of China. One of the effective means of translating ideological and political concepts is metaphorical language. The publication reveals the essence of the metaphor “Four rays and eight pillars”. The aim of the article is to study the peculiarities of development and implementation of reforms in China on the example of modernization of professional and pedagogical education. The methodological basis of the study is an interdisciplinary approach, the theory of education development in the transition to a post-industrial society, comprehensive research in the field of education reforming. The concepts, principles, ways, state guarantees of professional education reform in China were characterized. The features of educational reform development in China were revealed: close connection with national strategies (“One Belt and One Road”, “Innovation Drive”, “Artificial Intelligence”, “Rural Restoration”), ideological education of teachers, strengthening of basic education teachers. Teacher training includes content and instrumental-technological aspects. The following ideas may be useful for the Russian educational system: self-study as a teacher’s norm of life; active mastering of hybrid learning; anticipatory rather than catch-up teacher training; organization of motivated activities (Strong Teachers program); accuracy, discipline and order in educational practice; creation of digital platforms for continuing teacher education. The conclusion outlines the prospects for the development of the system of teacher education, taking into account the Chinese specificity.
Pengaruh Penambahan Enhancer Isopropil Miristat dan dan Propilen Glikol terhadap Penetrasi Krim Asiklovir
Authors: Dhilasari Estu Mahanani
Published: May 2023

Acyclovir, a BCS class III drug, has a high ability to fight the herpes virus but has low permeability and is poorly soluble in water. In order to obtain the expected effect of viral infection on the skin, the penetration of the active ingredients becomes a critical factor for a topical treatment to achieve the desired concentration. This study was to see the effect of adding isopropyl myristate and propylene glycol as enhancers that help diffuse the drug through the stratum corneum. The formulation is made by adding enhancer propylene glycol 8% (F1), isopropyl myristate 8% (F2), and without enhancers (F3). Physical stability of acyclovir cream, including homogeneity, organoleptic, pH, viscosity, type of emulsion and power spread, and in vitro cream penetration test with Franz diffusion cells will be observed. The result of acyclovir cream preparations F1, F2, and F3 had a homogeneous preparation of white semisolid and odorless with pH between 7,30-7,60, emulsion type o/w, and a viscosity between 35000-47000 cPS. The cumulative amount of acyclovir penetrated at F3 was 226,008± 8,462  μg/cm2, while the cream containing the enhancers F1 258,059±1,730 μg/cm2 and F2 268,336±0,740 μg/cm2, respectively. The presence of enhancers will increase the penetration ability of acyclovir cream, with more penetration using isopropyl myristate than propylene glycol.
Analisis Hubungan Petugas Apotek Terhadap Pelayanan Informasi Obat Kontrasepsi Oral
Authors: Marvel Marvel
Published: May 2023

The successful implementation of the Family Planning (Keluarga Berencana) program assists the government in developing reproductive health. The acceptors' knowledge about oral contraceptive drugs may be influenced by drug information conveyed by pharmacy staff, namely pharmacists and their assistants. Therefore, this study aimed to measure relationship between pharmacy staff and information services for oral contraceptives at the South Tangerang Regional Pharmacy using a cross-sectional design. This study used trained simulated patients. The samples surveyed were 152 pharmacies with 132 pharmaceutical technical personnel, and 20 pharmacists as respondent. In terms of drug information services, this study found 94 subjects in the poor category (value of 69.9%), 44 subjects (26.4%) in the moderate category (value between 70-79.9%), and 14 subjects (7.9%) in the good category (value of 80%). There was a significant relationship between the pharmacy staff variable with the total value of drug information services (Pelayanan Informasi Obat) variable (p = 0.016). The result showed that pharmacists provide information services for oral contraceptives better than pharmacy technicians.
Expanding Medicaid Payment for Pasteurized Donor Human Milk in High-Risk Neonates
Authors: Shah Shetal , Miller Emily , Rose Allison , Perez Krystle
Published: May 2023

Pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) is associated with a reduced incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Absence of Medicaid and private insurance payment for PDHM use in neonatal intensive care units contributes to disparities based on state of birth and socioeconomic level. Before 2017, 5 states had policies for PDHM coverage, incorporating less than 30% of VLBW infants born nationally. In this case study, we outline the partnership of local American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) chapters with the national AAP Section on Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine to create a PDHM Advocacy Toolkit to facilitate Medicaid PDHM coverage. Over 5 years, neonatologist-led advocacy, incentivized via AAP funds, contributed to 5 additional states providing Medicaid payment for PDHM, resulting in over 55% of VLBW infants born nationally in states with funded coverage. Partnerships with state AAP chapters, pilot grant funding with deliverables, emphasis on advocacy coaching, and modification of the generalized toolkit to suit local needs were essential in engineering Medicaid PDHM payment. Together these actions provide a template for other pediatric subspecialists to help advance niche-focused advocacy issues at the state level.
Challenges to Developing and Implementing Policies for Adolescent Online Portal Access
Authors: Sisk Bryan A. , Antes Alison L. , Bereitschaft Christine , Enloe Madi , Bourgeois Fabienne , DuBois James
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

After enactment of the 21st Century Cures Act, many health care systems offer adolescents and parents access to electronic health information through online portals. Few studies have evaluated adolescent portal access policies since the implementation of the Cures Act.

METHODS

We performed structured interviews with informatics administrators in US hospitals with ≥50 dedicated pediatric beds. We performed thematic analysis of challenges to developing and implementing adolescent portal policies.

RESULTS

We interviewed 65 informatics leaders representing 63 pediatric hospitals, 58 health care systems, 29 states, and 14 379 pediatric hospital beds. Most hospitals provided portal access to adolescents (86%) and parents (95%). Filtering of results sent to parental portals ranged widely, with 14% providing unfiltered access, 31% performing minimal filtering for sensitive information, and 43% offering limited access. Portal access policies also varied widely within states. Challenges to developing policies included legislation and compliance issues, tension between confidentiality and usefulness, clinicians’ preferences and concerns, limited understanding and investment of institutions in pediatric issues, and limited focus of vendors on pediatric issues. Challenges to implementing policies included technical challenges, educating end-users, potential for parental coercion, harms of bad news, complex enrollment processes, and informatics workforce limitations.

CONCLUSIONS

Adolescent portal access policies vary widely across and within states. Informatics administrators identified multiple challenges related to developing and implementing adolescent portal policies. Future efforts should strive to develop intrastate consensus on portal policies and to engage parents and adolescent patients to better understand preferences and needs.
Spatio-temporal variation in the growth of coral fragments of opportunity in the Eastern Tropical Pacific: implications for coral reef restoration
Authors: Rodríguez-Troncoso Alma Paola , Tortolero-Langarica J. J. Adolfo , Padilla-Guzmán Raúl , Kelly-Gutiérrez Liza Danielle , Cupul-Magaña Amílcar Leví
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Coral- reef communities are considered one of the most biodiverse, but also most threatened, marine ecosystems, and the accelerating loss of habitat over the past decades warrants active intervention. 

Objective: The present study demonstrates the successful implementation of a low-impact restoration technique in three Central Mexican Pacific degraded coral communities, using a protocol based on natural fragmentation (“fragments of opportunity”) of the branching coral Pocillopora spp., considered the most abundant and primary carbonate-producing coral species of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. 

Methods: The restoration program was implemented in two offshore and one inshore coraline areas. The relationships between seawater temperature and coral survival, growth, and attachment rate were assessed over one year, with 183 fragments monitored each month. 

Results: The mean coral growth rate was 3.3 ± 0.1 mm mo-1, with annual growth rates in length and width of 39.9 ± 14.2 and 36.5 ± 19.5 mm yr-1, respectively. Self-attachment efficiency was 78 % and the survival rate was high (84 %). The growth rate differed significantly among reefs. 

Conclusions: Upon monitoring directly fragmented corals over a year, growth rates were deemed high enough to merit active restoration in the region. However, our data show that structural and abiotic differences and seasonal variability must be considered overall in successful long-term coral community restoration initiatives in the eastern Pacific region.
Change in the composition of fauna associated with Pocillopora spp. (Scleractinia, Pocilloporidae) following transplantation
Authors: Chomitz Benjamin R. , Kleypas Joan Anne , Cortés Jorge , Alvarado Juan José
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Associated fauna comprises most of the diversity of a coral reef and performs ecological functions essential to the reef’s survival. Since Pocillopora corals harbor an important associated fauna, reef restoration efforts are underway in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica, to preserve them. 

Objective: To describe changes in cryptofauna and fish communities associated with Pocillopora colonies to better understand the succession of associated fauna following transplantation. 

Methods: An experimental patch of 30 nursery-grown Pocillopora colonies and a control patch containing no colonies were monitored for 8 months following transplantation in Golfo Dulce. Cryptofauna within each colony and fish within each patch were observed using SCUBA to quantify temporal changes in the abundance, diversity, and community structure of the colonies. 

Results: The abundance and diversity of cryptofauna increased throughout the experiment. Obligate symbiont decapods were the most abundant. The composition of the community of cryptofauna differed between periods with fish in the genus Scarus as the main contributor to any differences. The increase in abundance and diversity of cryptofauna and fish may reflect coral growth and the corresponding availability of space and environmental complexity in the experimental patch. The composition of the cryptofauna communities was generally consistent with other studies. However, a high density of decapod symbionts could suggest that without other Pocillopora colonies to move to, they may crowd together despite their aggressive tendencies. 

Conclusions: Pocillopora colonies will experience an increase in symbionts that could positively contribute to the health and survival of the coral following transplantation.
Demographic and population response of the threatened coral Acropora cervicornis (Scleractinia, Acroporidae) to fireworm corallivory
Authors: Santiago-Padua Paola , Velázquez-Alvarado Jeremy , López-Pérez Arelys Del Mar , Nevárez-Mélendez Julimar , Díaz-Druet Lemuel E. , Suleimán-Ramos Samuel E. , Mercado-Molina Alex E.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The fireworm Hermodice carunculata is a widespread polychaete that can prey upon many coral species. However, few studies have examined the effect of fireworm predation on coral demographics during non-outbreak periods. 

Objective: To determine whether predation by H. carunculata compromised the growth, survival, and population performance of the threatened coral Acropora cervicornis. 

Methods: Nursery-reared coral fragments (n = 99) were fixed to the bottom of Punta Melones reef in the Island Municipality of Culebra, Puerto Rico. Predation activity and its demographic consequences on coral outplants were assessed from December 2020 to August 2022. Susceptibility to predation was compared between colonies collected directly from the reef and those originating from outside sources (e.g., coral nurseries). With the demographic data, simple size-based population matrix models were developed to 1) examine whether fireworm predation led to a significant decline in population growth rate (λ), 2) determine the demographic transition(s) that contribute the most to λ, and 3) determining the demographic transition(s) that accounted for differences in λ when comparing scenarios that considered either only predated colonies or both predated and non-predated outplants. 

Results: Predation increased over time, being more frequently observed in the area with the highest topographic relief and on colonies foreign to the study site. Outplants that were partially consumed grew significantly slower than non-predated colonies; however, predation did not threaten their survival. The likelihood of being attacked by the fireworm increased with branching complexity. The estimated λ for a scenario considering only those predated colonies was 0.99, whereas, for a scenario where both predated and non-predated colonies were considered, λ was 0.91. Population growth, under both scenarios, was mainly influenced by the probability of a large colony surviving and remaining at the largest size. 

Conclusions: Although predation can negatively impact coral growth, the relatively high survival rate of predated colonies compensates for the adverse effects. Since survival is the demographic transition that contributes most to population growth, it could be concluded that under a non-outbreak scenario, fireworm predation may not be the primary cause of A. cervicornis population decline.
Study of Imam ash-Shaukani View of Najis Hadith is a Requirement for Valid Salat
Authors: Fikri Muhamad , Kosasih Engkos , Wiwaha Rizzaldy Satria , Mahmudi Nurudin , Mustain Mustain
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to reveal the method used by Imam ash-Shaukānī najis traditions in his book Nailul Auṭār because he is different from most scholars in this regard and the method used is a qualitative literature study with a content analysis approach and takhrij hadith. This study resulted in eight hadiths used by Imam ash-Shaukānī to support his opinion, and some of them are authentic hadiths and some are weak, but he explained his weakness and then he left. So with this the author finds seven methods used by Imam ash-Shaukānī to discuss these najis hadiths in the Nailul Auṭār book, namely al-Jam'u (collecting) these traditions, short mention it for some hadiths, when mention it he only quoted from ulamas before him, did not mention it hadith that had been issued by Imam Bukhari and Muslim, he was very concerned with ushul fiqh, he brought arguments from opponents of his opinion and he mentioned the differences that existed from hadith or fiqh or ushul fiqh.
The Western Epistemic Tradition and the Scientific Study of Religion
Authors: Wiebe Donald
Published: May 2023

This book provides an account of how a science of religion was able to emerge from the devotional, catechetical, theological, and philosophical forms of ‘religious studies’ that have generally characterized this field of scholarship. Although elements of the scientific study of religion can be found in the scholarly engagement with religion in the academy today, it is still primarily associated with religious and nonscientific humanistic quests for meaning, and the foundations for a flourishing existence. The idea of a scientific study of religion first emerged some 2500 years ago with the ancient Greeks but this history will show that the conditions for a strictly scientific study of religion didn’t emerge until the end of the nineteenth century. The purpose of this new science, like that of the natural and social sciences, is to seek objective knowledge about religious thought and behaviour for its own sake. For that reason, it is argued, the scientific study of religion ought to be established in the curriculum of the modern research university. This book is intended for students who are enrolled in religious studies programs, their teachers, university administrators, and others who are simply curious about the character of the study of religion most appropriate in the context of the modern research university.
PARA UMA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NÃO FASCISTA
Authors: Novaes Renato Cavalcanti , Telles Silvio de Cássio Costa
Published: May 2023

O sentido foucaultiano de fascismo não se restringe a um regime de Estado, mas também, e talvez principalmente, às formas de fascismo que estão em todos nós. Este texto discute o currículo da Educação Física em uma perspectiva não fascista, com e a partir do pensamento de Michel Foucault. Para tal, no primeiro momento demonstramos a relação entre a trajetória da Educação Física escolar com os regimes de verdade, entendendo como premissa o currículo enquanto dispositivo de fabricação de subjetividades. Em um segundo momento, analisamos como o texto da Base Nacional Comum Curricular funciona como dispositivo de poder e seus efeitos na produção de um projeto mais amplo, o cosmopolitismo. Por fim, refletimos sobre as possibilidades de liberação na Educação Física em prol de um ‘currículo afirmativo’, em consonância com os princípios de uma vida não fascista.
Methods of Missionary Activity of the Jesuits in Vietnam in the 17th and 18th Centuries
Authors:   The University of Danang, University of Science and Education, Truong Anh Thuan
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The purpose of this study is to reproduce precisely and accurately the process of conquering the faith of various social strata in Vietnam by analyzing the missionary methods of evangelization applied by Jesuit missionaries operating in Vietnam in the 17th and 18th centuries. Methods and materials. The author used the original historical materials recorded by Western missionaries working in Vietnam during the 17th and 18th centuries and research works by Vietnamese and international scholars related directly or indirectly to the missionary methods of Jesuits in Vietnam of the 17th and 18th centuries. The author combines the historical and genetic method with other research methods (systemic approach, analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.). Analysis. In the 17th and 18th centuries, to conquer the faith of the people in Tonkin and Cochinchina (Vietnam), Jesuit missionaries adopted several measures such as establishing relationships and attracting the upper classes to the Christianity, “missionary academic”, “missionary bibliography”, disputes and religious conversion of the leaders of indigenous denominations, etc. These measures have been more or less effective and allow Jesuit missionaries to introduce and develop the Christianity in Vietnam during this period. Results. The research results presented in the article will contribute to the study of the history of Christianity and missionary activities of the Jesuits in Vietnam in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Religious Organizations in Togliatti (1989–1998)
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Art and Industry, Yakunin Vadim
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The article examines the activities of non-Orthodox religious organizations of 1989– 1998 in the city of Togliatti before and after the adoption in 1990 of the USSR Law “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations” and the RSFSR Law “On Freedom of Religion.” The regulation of religious activity by the state, according to these laws, was not provided for, the authorities ceased to interfere in the affairs of religious organizations, which received full independence in resolving internal church issues, and citizens could freely register religious societies. Religious organizations, new to Togliatti, inevitably took advantage of this. Methods and materials. The work used materials from the state, municipal, diocesan archives, and the author’s personal archive: reports of officials, both secular and ecclesiastical, on the religious situation in the Samara region and the city of Togliatti, memoirs of the leaders of religious organizations, periodicals. Analysis. If in 1989 there were 2 registered religious organizations in Togliatti and 2 more carried out their activities illegally, then in 1997 there were already 34 of them. They very actively positioned themselves; some were registered under the guise of public organizations. Almost all religious organizations used youth houses, palaces of culture, cinemas, and libraries, assembly halls of colleges and schools for prayer meetings and Sunday schools. Results. Religious organizations attracted residents of Togliatti with a system of mutual assistance in their structures. Representatives of some traditional and new religious organizations formed in Togliatti in the 90s of the 20th century were engaged in charitable activities. Mostly, they were attended by those who saw the church not only as a doctrinal institution, but also as a social one. Despite the relatively small number, they showed activity, which alarmed the representatives of both the ROC and Islam.
Heroes of the Revolution and Defense of Tsaritsyn in 1917–1918 According to the Stalingrad Istpart
Authors:   Federal Research Center Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyumentsev Igor
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The subject of the study is the activity of the Stalingrad Institute for the preparation of collective photographs (“vignettes”) of the heroes of the revolution of 1917 and the defense of Tsaritsyn in 1918. Methods. The methods of source studies, archeography, analysis and prosopography were used. Observations and conclusions. In 1932, the Stalingrad “five”, the Tsaritsyn (Stalingrad) Historical and Party Commissions direct successor, as the Lower Volga Region Historical and Party Commission division, prepared lists for the placement of participants in the revolutionary events and the defense of Tsaritsyn in 1917–1918 on a collective photograph (“vignette”) for the City Defense Museum. The place in the photo depended on the activity and the merits of the veteran of the events of those years. The direct executor was the deputy manager of the Lower Volga Archive Department, secretary of the “five” T.M. Seregin. Being a veteran of the revolutionary movement, the archivist was able to recall and include in the list many of his comrades-in-arms with a mention of their positions and duties. This list contains the names and surnames of 99 real leaders of the revolutionary movement in Tsaritsyn. The disgraced by that time S.K. Minin and his associates are placed here. Moreover, I.V. Stalin is mentioned under No. 24. Then the list underwent thorough editorial work and was reduced to 34, and then to 31 people. In this version, I.V. Stalin appeared in the first place, and then his closest associates were mentioned. S.M. Minin and some members of his team disappeared from the list. Prosopographic analysis shows that the submitted project was unimplemented, since the Tsaritsyn revolutionaries mentioned in the list, including T.M. Seregin, disappeared during the era of the Great Terror. The lists are of great interest to researchers, as they allow them to bring back from oblivion real active participants in the Revolutionary Events and the Defense of Tsaritsyn in 1917–1918.
Trial Risks, Scientific Competition and Politicization: The Thorny Way of Live Vaccine Against Poliomyelitis in the USSR in 1950–1960s
Authors:   Almaty Management University, Smirnova Vera
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problems of testing the live poliomyelitis vaccine that took place in the 1950s in the USSR. The problems of the trials have again become topical because of the pandemic of the novel coronavirus. Methods and materials. Using narrative and historical-comparative methods to analyze materials from the archives of the USSR Ministry of Health Care and the digitized archive of the American virologist A. Sabin, the author of the article looked into some problems related to the trials of the live polio vaccine. Analysis. As a result of the analysis of historical sources, the following problems of trials were found out: high risks of mass use of the live vaccine; lack of agreement between scientists and medical officials on the possibility and necessity of testing; difficulties in relations between an organizer of the tests (M. Chumakov) and some officials from the Ministry of Health Care of the RSFSR; the problems in Soviet-American relations which affected the scientific cooperation; difficult relations between the Soviet organizers of the tests (M. Chumakov and A. Smorodintsev); troubles that arose in relations between A. Sabin and A. Smorodintsev in connection with the politicization of the vaccination issue; ethical challenges of human trials. Results. The USSR took huge risks during the mass trials of the live polio vaccine, which was Soviet science and population significant contribution to the world fight against poliomyelitis. Mass trials took place in the USSR during the Cold War, which, however, did not become an obstacle to scientific cooperation between the USSR and the USA in this sphere. The success of the polio vaccine trials was used by the Soviet state to increase its prestige. At some points, representatives of the Soviet state and media even “forgot” that the vaccine was developed in American virology laboratories, calling Soviet organizers of vaccine trials its developers. Ethical norms of experiments on humans in the 1950–1960s were just being formed, so some of them could be called violations by modern standards. However, the success of the tests closed the question of those violations.
Digital Diplomacy and Social Media Networks: Contemporary Practices of Innovation in Foreign Policy
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Reshetnikova Liudmila , Samokhina Irina ,   Volgograd State University
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The article is devoted to contemporary digital diplomacy, which is implemented within the framework of social networks. Unlike traditional diplomacy digital one operates in a different communicative space where blogs, electronic media and global social networks are the key communication channels. Using these tools allows digital diplomacy actors to influence events and communities in other countries. Methods and materials. Method of mixing qualitative and quantitative data, hashtag-analysis, comparative analysis of the social networks’ messages and accounts were able to understand the dynamics and interactions in social networks, engagement and possibilities of institutional and private actors in digital diplomacy. Analysis. In the 2000s foreign policy and public diplomacy began forming based on data on the mood of users of social networks and their preferences in politics. Thanks to this, digital diplomacy may well become one of the innovative tools for resolving modern global problems. Digital diplomacy, as a new method and the tool for implementing foreign policy, contributes to the effective functioning of departments and ministries of foreign affairs, their response to the needs of citizens, to emerging challenges and threats to state security, like a global epidemic or natural disasters. Using digital tools, it is possible to shape the norms of communication, interaction and decision-making by which diplomats perform their work, modifying the diplomatic process. Besides this digital diplomacy increases the attractiveness of the state in the eyes of the world community. Results. Based on a comparative analysis study of the content of social networks, it could be concluded that over almost a decade, from the 2010s to the 2020s, digital diplomacy has developed from a “soft power” mechanism to a method of information warfare and propaganda which involves artificial intelligence tools and big data. But this is predominantly characteristic of technologically developed countries. It is possible to conclude about future co-existence of traditional and digital diplomacies in a new hybrid variety. Authors’ contribution. In this article Liudmila M. Reshetnikova has contributed Introduction, Research Methods, Analysis and Results sections: identified risks and threats to digital diplomacy, analyzed the development of the soft power methods, identified features and tools of digital diplomacy. Irina M. Samokhina has contributed Analysis and Results sections: analyzed social networks and digital infrastructure for digital diplomacy and diplomatic activity, contemporary computer tools for learning about social networks.
The Institution of Advocacy in the Belarusian-Lithuanian Provinces of the Russian Empire (1772–1840)
Authors:   Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank, Hushchynski Ihar
Published: May 2023

Introducion. The purpose of this study is to reveal the main aspects of the advocacy institution functioning in the Belarusian-Lithuanian provinces in 1772–1840. The investigation will make it possible to eliminate appropriate gaps in historiography and provide to take a broader view on the judicial and legal system of the Russian Empire at the time at all. Methods and Materials. The study is based on fundamental theoretical and methodological principles: historicism, objectivity, systemic and value approaches. Analysis. After the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania had become part of the Russian Empire, local regulations in civil proceedings were preserved here. In this regard, lawyers took part in civil trials. This was a distinctive feature of the local judicial system in comparison with the general imperial one. The institution of advocacy was abolished in Belarusian-Lithuanian provinces together with implementation of the Russian model of the judiciary and proceedings here (in 1831 – in Vitebsk and Mogilev provinces, in 1840 – in the Minsk, Grodno and Wilno provinces). Results. The activity of lawyers was regulated by the norms of the Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of 1588, the orders of the Seimas of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, also by several laws which were issued by the Russian government. The legal profession in the Belarusian-Lithuanian provinces was quite highly paid and prestigious in public perception. Though the Russian authorities’ opinion on the advocacy was generally negative.
Social Characteristics of Police Constables in the Last Quarter of 19th Century (Based on Materials from the Perm Province of 1889)
Authors:   Perm Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service, Ryazanov Sergey
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The subject of this study is the social characteristics of the police constables of the Perm province in 1889. The purpose of the article is to trace the evolution of the personnel of the police constables in 1878–1889. Methods and materials. To achieve this goal, the method of prosopographic research was used (drawing up a collective portrait of a Perm police constable in 1889 based on a computer database). Analysis. During the study, it was found that representatives of tax-paying estates predominated among the police constables, the proportion of officials gradually decreased. Most future policemen graduated from military service as non-commissioned officers. 15% of them served as clerks in the army. The number of police constables who had only home education has significantly decreased. According to the data of the Shadrinsk district, the average age of the police constable was 33, much younger than in 1878. According to this list, the social composition of the police was quite variegated, with the dominance of representatives of the peasant class. For 10 years, the personnel of police constables had been almost completely renewed. The average length of service of the police constables was 3.6 years. Results. It was concluded that from 1878 to 1889 the education of the non-commissioned officers improved, and the retired and indefinite leave recruits were replaced by non-commissioned officers who had served on the draft. Thus, from 1878 to 1889, the motivation for service, the professionalism and stability of the cadre of police constables improved significantly.
Influence of emotional tension on tremor parameters in the writing process
Authors: Belinsky Artem , Devishvili Vazha , Chernorizov Aleksandr , Lobin Mihail
Published: May 2023

Background. The influence of emotional tension on writing is actively studied in the aspect of its influence on kinematic characteristics. Such approaches as machine learning, exploratory and handwriting research prevail. There are currently no studies which take into account the relationship between kinetic characteristics of writing and emotional tension. The proposed study fills the gap in this area and is part of the dissertation research. Purpose. To study the method of tensotremorography as an indicator of the presence of emotional tension in the process of writing. Methods. The spectral power of applied force, obtained by Welch's method, was analyzed during the process of writing of the prepared phrase during the presentation of the COMPASS emotional image and sound stimuli, exceeding the level of comfort, according to the kinetic characteristics of 50 subjects. Result. Noticeable significant difference between the powers at stress-inducing stimuli and non-stress-inducing stimuli. The differences between the 10th and 90th percentile of emotionally relevant stimuli is virtually indistinguishable from each other and are at the same level of spectral density (about 370 000–400 000 mN2/Hz). This supports the assumption that the response to stimulation by emotionally significant stimuli is nonspecific. Conclusion. The results of the study show that the spectral power at a frequency of 8–16 Hz is significantly higher when emotional stimuli are presented than in the absence of stimuli, or when a neutral stimulus is presented. This technique has prospects for use in the detection of hidden information, determination of emotional tension in the educational environment and medicine as a means of determining motor and nervous system diseases.
COAL MINING WASTE AS A RESOURCE FOR RECOVERY OF RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS AND FOR GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE PRODUCTION
Authors: Ofori Philip , McNally Clint , Hodgkinson Jane
Published: May 2023

Coal production and export are important to the Australian economy. The economic benefits of coal production in Australia, however, come with some sustainability challenges, a major one being the generation of large volumes of waste and the associated environmental issues. Sampling and characterization
of some Australian coals and waste have shown promising elevated concentrations of rare-earth elements (REE) with the potential for economic extraction. This represents a significant opportunity to derive additional value from coal production and utilization. CSIRO has developed a multilayered framework from which optimal mine waste utilization pathways may be determined, based on the characteristics of tailings and other wastes. It involves tailings and waste characterization,
reprocessing and repurposing, and reuse of the remaining waste resulting in a step-change in the sustainability of coal production. In this paper, we discuss two approaches to capture value from coal mining waste while reducing the safety and environmental risks associated with tailings and waste storage facilities. One aspect of the study involves sampling from selected coal basins and determining REE content in coal-based resources. Identified samples with elevated REE are being used to develop innovative REE beneficiation and extraction technologies in an environmentally acceptable manner. The second aspect of the study involved the use of the washery waste in producing geopolymer concrete products for construction purposes. This part of the study examined the use of coal mine tailings as source material in alkali-activated binder to produce geopolymer concrete. It also studied the suitability of coarse and fine rejects from coal preparation, as substitutes for aggregates and sand, respectively, in geopolymer concrete production. The work involved the formulation and testing of geopolymer mixes for their setting behavior, workability, and strength development. It was determined that coal mine tailings are a suitable precursor material for geopolymer binder formulations in terms of workability and strength development. The optimized 7-day compressive strengths of the geopolymer binder and concrete produced by alkali activation of coal mine tailings were comparable to N32 ordinary Portland cement (OPC).
İlkokul Öğretim Programları ve Ders Kitaplarında Küresel Isınma ve İklim Değişikliği
Authors: ERBAŞ Ahmet Akif
Published: May 2023

: Küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliğinin başlıca sebebi insan kaynaklı olmasından dolayı, bireylerin konuyla ilgili bilgileri, farkındalıkları, tutumları ve davranışları oldukça önemlidir. Her yaştan bireye çevrenin önemi, çevre sorunları ve çözümlerine yönelik eğitimlerin verilmesi ve toplumun topyekün bilinçlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı; küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği kavramlarının ilkokul öğretim programları ve ilkokulda okutulan ders kitaplarında nasıl ve ne şekilde yer aldığının tespit edilmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma nitel bir çalışma olarak planlanmış ve doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında Türkiye genelindeki ilkokullarda okutulan ve Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından uygun görülen Hayat Bilgisi (HBDK), Türkçe (TDK), Fen Bilimleri (FBDK) ve Sosyal Bilgiler (SBDK) öğretim programları ve ders kitaplarından elde edilmiştir. İlgili öğretim programları ve ders kitapları içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. İncelenen öğretim programları ve kitaplarda doğrudan küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği kavramlarının yer almadığı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan ilgili kitaplarda küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği konusuna yönelik olarak; çevre ve çevreyi korumanın önemi, geri dönüşüm, kaynakların tasarruflu ve verimli kullanımı, yenilenebilir enerjinin önemi, doğayı korumanın ve ağaç dikmenin gerekliliği gibi konuların varlığı saptanmıştır. Kitaplardaki küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği konusuyla ilişki olan içerikler en fazla; 4. sınıf FBDK (30), 3. sınıf HBDK (23), 1. sınıf HBDK (21), 3. sınıf FBDK (18) şeklinde sıralanmaktadır. İlkokullarda okutulan derslerin öğretim programları küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği bağlamında ele alınarak revize edilmelidir. Küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği konularına ilkokullarda okutulan derslerin öğretim programlarında ve ders kitaplarının içeriklerinde daha fazla yer verilmelidir.