bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reshaping Internationalization Strategy and Control for Global E-Commerce and Digital Transactions: A Hayekian Perspective
Authors: Cha Hongryol , Kotabe Masaaki , Wu Jie
Published: November 2022

As the sharing economy has grown rapidly and replaced the traditional businesses, new rules and norms for data and digital trade have emerged divergently in many countries. Such divergence in global e-commerce policies may be a major barrier to the internationalization of the sharing economy business. This paper aims to develop an internationalization theory that addresses how the sharing economy firms can internationalize under the condition of the divergence of global e-commerce policies. Drawing on Hayek’s knowledge economy approach, we build a new internationalization theory for the sharing economy firms that facilitate autonomously self-organized business ecosystems and adapt to the lack of harmonized rules and norms for the sharing economy. We first theorize on the attributes of the digital platform-based transactions for the internationalization of the sharing economy firms and then provide some insights into the current international debates of e-commerce policies. Our theory offers two main insights: (1) the competitive advantages of the sharing economy firms stem mainly from digital platform algorithms to catalyze digital platform-based transactions between autonomous actors; (2) the divergence of global e-commerce policies and different internet regimes in different countries may affect the internationalization of business models based on such digital platform-based transactions.
Localization of lung abnormalities on chest X-rays using self-supervised equivariant attention
Authors: D’Souza Gavin , Reddy N. V. Subba , Manjunath K. N.
Published: November 2022

Chest X-Ray (CXR) images provide most anatomical details and the abnormalities on a 2D plane. Therefore, a 2D view of the 3D anatomy is sometimes sufficient for the initial diagnosis. However, close to fourteen commonly occurring diseases are sometimes difficult to identify by visually inspecting the images. Therefore, there is a drift toward developing computer-aided assistive systems to help radiologists. This paper proposes a deep learning model for the classification and localization of chest diseases by using image-level annotations. The model consists of a modified Resnet50 backbone for extracting feature corpus from the images, a classifier, and a pixel correlation module (PCM). During PCM training, the network is a weight-shared siamese architecture where the first branch applies the affine transform to the image before feeding to the network, while the second applies the same transform to the network output. The method was evaluated on CXR from the clinical center in the ratio of 70:20 for training and testing. The model was developed and tested using the cloud computing platform Google Colaboratory (NVidia Tesla P100 GPU, 16 GB of RAM). A radiologist subjectively validated the results. Our model trained with the configurations mentioned in this paper outperformed benchmark results.
Creating Clarity and Crew Courage: Preventive and Promotive Measures for a Maritime Industry Without Bullying and Harassment
Authors: Boström Magnus , Österman Cecilia
Published: November 2022

Seafaring shares many characteristics with contemporary working life ashore. However, a major difference is that seafarers can spend up to 12 months aboard a ship that constitutes a work, living and recreational environment. Onboard work includes many stressors that can potentially contribute to workplace bullying and harassment, which in turn can affect safety critical operations. The aim of this study was to identify underlying causes in the organizational and social work environment that can cause workplace bullying and harassment at sea, and to suggest appropriate preventive and promotive strategies and measures. Data were collected mainly through World Café workshops with 56 participants from the Swedish maritime industry. Seafarer occupational health, safety, and wellbeing is largely determined by interdependent factors at micro, meso, and macro levels, where different stakeholders play various roles. Strategies and measures starting at the individual seafarer, and gradually expanding outwards toward the maritime industry are suggested. It is important that a victim of bullying or harassment receives adequate support. Creating crew courage enables employees to both recognize troubling situations and know how to act and respond to a situation. To bridge the gap between policy and practice, the legislative framework needs translating into practical procedures to make sense to the middle manager at the sharp end, with limited knowledge, time, resources, and decision latitude. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of work environment interventions – what works, for whom, and under which circumstances.
Local Places Ruling Life: Compromises and Restricted Career Choices in Rural Sweden
Authors: Ennerberg Elin , Lundberg Janna , Axelsson Malin
Published: November 2022

In this article, we explore the theme of choice in relation to education and work by discussing the notion of “compromise” within career guidance. In particular, we analyse compromises related to career choice in regard to groups and individuals who are restricted — or belong — to a particular geographical place and how this spatial limitation is managed and discussed by career guidance counsellors who work with unemployed individuals. The article is based on the following questions: How are compromises and restricted choices considered in relation to place and belonging? How do career guidance counsellors and other professionals discuss compromises of choice? The qualitative interviews have been conducted with career counsellors working with unemployed individuals in rural Sweden. Four themes emerge: location as a given/non-issue, location as opposed to interest, location as personal life and location as an obstacle. We argue that belonging can be seen as more available to certain groups. For example, career counsellors view the claims of belonging by young people as less valid than for individuals who can present caring and family obligations as reasons for not being mobile.
Mass Incarceration Nation
Authors: Bellin Jeffrey
Published: November 2022

The United States imprisons a higher proportion of its population than any other nation. Mass Incarceration Nation offers a novel, in-the-trenches perspective to explain the factors – historical, political, and institutional – that led to the current system of mass imprisonment. The book examines the causes and impacts of mass incarceration on both the political and criminal justice systems. With accessible language and straightforward statistical analysis, former prosecutor turned law professor Jeffrey Bellin provides a formula for reform to return to the low incarceration rates that characterized the United States prior to the 1970s.
The Evolution of Everything
Authors: Villmoare Brian
Published: November 2022

Big History seeks to retell the human story in light of scientific advances by such methods as radiocarbon dating and genetic analysis. This book provides a deep, causal view of the forces that have shaped the universe, the earth, and humanity. Starting with the Big Bang and the formation of the earth, it traces the evolutionary history of the world, focusing on humanity's origins. It also explores the many natural forces shaping humanity, especially the evolution of the brain and behaviour. Moving through time, the causes of such important transformations as agriculture, complex societies, the industrial revolution, the enlightenment, and modernity are placed in the context of underlying changes in demography, learning, and social organization. Humans are biological creatures, operating with instincts evolved millions of years ago, but in the context of a rapidly changing world, and as we try to adapt to new circumstances, we must regularly reckon with our deep past.
Communicative Efficiency
Authors: Levshina Natalia
Published: November 2022

All living beings try to save effort, and humans are no exception. This groundbreaking book shows how we save time and energy during communication by unconsciously making efficient choices in grammar, lexicon and phonology. It presents a new theory of 'communicative efficiency', the idea that language is designed to be as efficient as possible, as a system of communication. The new framework accounts for the diverse manifestations of communicative efficiency across a typologically broad range of languages, using various corpus-based and statistical approaches to explain speakers' bias towards efficiency. The author's unique interdisciplinary expertise allows her to provide rich evidence from a broad range of language sciences. She integrates diverse insights from over a hundred years of research into this comprehensible new theory, which she presents step-by-step in clear and accessible language. It is essential reading for language scientists, cognitive scientists and anyone interested in language use and communication.
Late Surges in COVID-19 Cases and Varying Transmission Potential Partially Due to Public Health Policy Changes in 5 Western States, March 10, 2020, to January 10, 2021
Authors: Hua Xinyi , Kehoe Aubrey R.D. , Tome Joana , Motaghi Mina , Ofori Sylvia K. , Lai Po-Ying , Ali Sheikh Taslim , Chowell Gerardo , Spaulding Anne C. , Fung Isaac Chun-Hai
Published: November 2022

Objective:

This study investigates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission potential in North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho from March 2020 through January 2021.

Methods:

Time-varying reproduction numbers, R
t
, of a 7-d-sliding-window and of non-overlapping-windows between policy changes were estimated using the instantaneous reproduction number method. Linear regression was performed to evaluate if per-capita cumulative case-count varied across counties with different population size or density.

Results:

The median 7-d-sliding-window R
t
estimates across the studied region varied between 1 and 1.25 during September through November 2020. Between November 13 and 18, R
t
was reduced by 14.71% (95% credible interval, CrI, [14.41%, 14.99%]) in North Dakota following a mask mandate; Idaho saw a 1.93% (95% CrI [1.87%, 1.99%]) reduction and Montana saw a 9.63% (95% CrI [9.26%, 9.98%]) reduction following the tightening of restrictions. High-population and high-density counties had higher per-capita cumulative case-count in North Dakota on June 30, August 31, October 31, and December 31, 2020. In Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming, there were positive correlations between population size and per-capita weekly incident case-count, adjusted for calendar time and social vulnerability index variables.

Conclusions:

R
t
decreased after mask mandate during the region’s case-count spike suggested reduction in SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
The structure of pointwise recurrent expansive homeomorphisms
Authors: SHI ENHUI , XU HUI , YU ZIQI
Published: November 2022

Let X be a compact metric space and let
$f: X\!\rightarrow \! X$
be a homeomorphism on X. We show that if f is both pointwise recurrent and expansive, then the dynamical system
$(X, f)$
is topologically conjugate to a subshift of some symbolic system. Moreover, if f is pointwise positively recurrent, then the subshift is semisimple; a counterexample is given to show the necessity of positive recurrence to ensure the semisimplicity.
Instabilities in three-dimensional boundary-layer flows with a highly non-ideal fluid
Authors: Ren Jie , Kloker Markus
Published: November 2022

The present work investigates the linear instability of three-dimensional boundary layers in thermodynamically non-ideal regimes. As a representative fluid, we consider carbon dioxide at supercritical pressure (80 bar). The flow set-up is matched to the redesigned DLR (German Aerospace Center) experiment on cross-flow instability, with identical pressure-coefficient distribution (accelerating the flow), sweep angle and Reynolds number, at a low Mach number. The flow temperature relative to the Widom line – also known as the pseudocritical line – thus characterises the non-ideality of the flow. We consider supercritical (gas-like), subcritical (liquid-like) and transcritical (pseudoboiling) regimes, where the flow temperature remains above, below or crosses the Widom line. The stability analyses of the parabolised Navier–Stokes baseflows indicate that wall heating destabilises the flow in the supercritical regime while wall cooling stabilises both effects similar to the ideal-fluid situation but being stronger. On the contrary, wall heating/cooling exhibits reversed effects in the subcritical regime, like for an ideal liquid. In the transcritical regime, with its sharp gradients of the thermodynamic and transport properties, wall heating stabilises the flow. Most substantially, however, wall cooling provokes a changeover of the leading instability mechanism: the accelerated streamwise flow attains inflectional wall-normal profiles, and the invoked inviscid Tollmien–Schlichting instability prevails with growth rates up to one order of magnitude larger than those of the cross-flow mode. We establish a two-fold mathematical relation from the momentum equation that explains the consequence of non-ideality and wall heating/cooling. The streamwise perturbation patterns of the flows in their linear instability regime are shown by mimicking wave trains emanating from virtual point-disturbance sources. From the viewpoint of keeping laminar flows, the transcritical thermodynamic state with a cooling wall must be avoided.
The effect of letter-case type on the semantic processing of words and sentences during attentive and mind-wandering states
Authors: Laham Nicolas , Leth-Steensen Craig
Published: November 2022

The task of finding a case type that, on average, enhances the processing of verbal material has yielded mixed results in the literature. This study tackled this issue with an eye to the issue of processing textual information on road signs and the additional consideration of readers’ attentive states. Participants (n = 104) completed three experiments, the first two of which made use of both short (i.e., attentive state) and long (i.e., nonattentive or mind-wandering state) inter-trial intervals (ITIs). Experiment I consisted of a living versus non-living category-decision task involving the presentation of single words. Experiment II consisted of a sensical versus nonsensical sentence-judgment task. Experiment III consisted of a recognition memory task for words presented during the category-decision task. No significant difference in letter-case-type effectiveness was found for either the semantic categorization of or memory for single words. On the other hand, sensical sentences were correctly judged more quickly in lower case (or, more precisely, sentence case with the first letter of the first word capitalized). Such results point to either a more fluent processing of or enhanced conceptual resonance for sentences presented in lower case.
Selective Attention: The United Nations Security Council and Armed Conflict
Authors: Lundgren Magnus , Klamberg Mark
Published: November 2022

What explains why the United Nations Security Council meets and deliberates on some armed conflicts but not others? We advance a theoretical argument centred on the role of conflict externalities, state interests and interest heterogeneity. We investigate data on the Security Council's deliberation on armed conflicts in the 1989–2019 period and make three key findings: (1) conflicts that generate substantive military or civilian deaths are more likely to attract the Security Council's attention; (2) permanent members are varyingly likely to involve the Security Council when their interests are at stake; and (3) in contrast to the conventional wisdom, conflicts over which members have divergent interests are more likely to enter the agenda than other conflicts. The findings have important implications for debates about the Security Council's attention, responsiveness to problems and role in world politics.
Monolingual and bilingual children’s production of complex syntactic structures
Authors: KORADE Chloe , NICOLADIS Elena , CHAREST Monique
Published: November 2022

Typically-developing bilingual children often score lower than monolingual peers of the same age on standardized measures; however, research has shown that when assessed in more natural discourse contexts, bilinguals can perform similar to age-matched monolinguals in some language subdomains. This study investigated complex syntax production in simultaneous French–English bilingual children and monolingual age-matched peers, using structured and spontaneous measures. Surprisingly, the bilinguals scored higher than the monolinguals on the structured task. There was no difference between groups on the spontaneous measure; however, predictors of complex syntax production differed by language groups and by tasks. Contrary to other language subdomains showing bilingual English development as protracted relative to monolingual peers, these results point to a relative strength of complex syntax acquisition among simultaneous bilingual children. Differences in exposure relative to monolingual children may be less pronounced in syntax, in part because bilinguals can benefit from syntactic knowledge in their other language.
The impact of mild cognitive impairment on decision-making under explicit risk conditions: Evidence from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life longitudinal study
Authors: Sinclair Craig , Eramudugolla Ranmalee , Cherbuin Nicolas , Mortby Moyra E. , Anstey Kaarin J.
Published: November 2022

Objective:

Previous research has indicated that cognition and executive function are associated with decision-making, however the impact of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on decision-making under explicit risk conditions is unclear. This cross-sectional study examined the impact of MCI, and MCI subtypes, on decision-making on the Game of Dice Task (GDT), among a cohort of older adults.

Method:

Data from 245 older adult participants (aged 72–78 years) from the fourth assessment of the Personality and Total Health Through Life study were analyzed. A diagnostic algorithm identified 103 participants with MCI, with subtypes of single-domain amnestic MCI (aMCI-single; n = 38), multi-domain amnestic MCI (aMCI-multi; n = 31), and non-amnestic MCI (n = 33), who were compared with an age-, sex-, education-, and income-matched sample of 142 cognitively unimpaired older adults. Decision-making scores on the GDT (net score, single number choices, and strategy changes) were compared between groups using nonparametric tests.

Results:

Participants with MCI showed impaired performance on the GDT, with higher frequencies of single number choices and strategy changes. Analyses comparing MCI subtypes indicated that the aMCI-multi subtype showed increased frequency of single number choices compared to cognitively unimpaired participants. Across the sample of participants, decision-making scores were associated with measures of executive function (cognitive flexibility and set shifting).

Conclusion:

MCI is associated with impaired decision-making performance under explicit risk conditions. Participants with impairments in multiple domains of cognition showed the clearest impairments. The GDT may have utility in discriminating between MCI subtypes.
Eastern Approaches: Interball in the International Solar‐Terrestrial Program
Authors: Sibeck D. G.
Published: November 2022

Progress in space plasma physics, or Heliophysics, necessarily requires the combined efforts of scientists in many nations employing observations from many spacecraft and ground‐based observatories. This article describes some of my efforts to integrate the Soviet missions Interball‐1 and ‐2 missions into the International Solar Terrestrial Physics program during the 1990's, with a focus on studies concerning the interaction of the solar wind with the Earth's dayside magnetosphere.
Comparative Study on Three Autoencoder‐Based Deep Learning Algorithms for Geochemical Anomaly Identification
Authors: Feng Bin , Chen Lirong , Xu Yongyang , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2022

Deep autoencoder (AE) networks show a powerful ability for geochemical anomaly identification. Because of little contribution to the AE network, small probability samples (again, please check this) having comparatively high reconstructed errors can be recognized by the trained model as anomalous samples. However, different autoencoder networks have different abilities for anomaly identification. To test these methods for geochemical anomaly identification, we based our study on stream sediment data of the Cu‐Zn‐Ag metallogenic area in southwest Fujian province as samples. Three unsupervised deep learning models: the autoencoder (AE), multi‐convolutional autoencoder (MCAE), and fusion convolutional autoencoder (FCAE), were used to extract the combined structural, spatial distribution, and mixed features of multiple‐elements. The results showed that the anomalous area delineated by the FCAE model had the best consistency with the known copper mineral occurrences, followed by the MCAE and AE models, with area under the curve values (AUC) of 0.80, 0.78, and 0.61, respectively. FCAE and AE were insensitive to changes in convolution window size, while MCAE extracted more spatial distribution or mixed features. Overall, FCAE focused more on structural distribution or mixed features, combining the advantages of both MCAE and AE. Therefore, FCAE performed best among the three deep learning methods. This study provides a practical basis for selecting and constructing geochemical anomaly recognition models based on deep learning algorithms.
Decoding the mechanism of hypertension through multiomics profiling
Authors: Adua Eric
Published: November 2022

Hypertension, characterised by a constant high blood pressure, is the primary risk factor for multiple cardiovascular events and a major cause of death in adults. Excitingly, innovations in high-throughput technologies have enabled the global exploration of the whole genome (genomics), revealing dysregulated genes that are linked to hypertension. Moreover, post-genomic biomarkers, from the emerging fields of transcriptomics, proteomics, glycomics and lipidomics, have provided new insights into the molecular underpinnings of hypertension. In this paper, we review the pathophysiology of hypertension, and highlight the multi-omics approaches for hypertension prediction and diagnosis.
Large-scale brain network dynamics in very preterm children and relationship with socio-emotional outcomes: an exploratory study
Authors: Siffredi Vanessa , Liverani Maria Chiara , Freitas Lorena G. A. , Tadros D. , Farouj Y. , Borradori Tolsa Cristina , Van De Ville Dimitri , Hüppi Petra Susan , Ha-Vinh Leuchter Russia
Published: November 2022

Background

Children born very preterm (VPT; <32 weeks’ gestation) are at high risk of neurodevelopmental and behavioural difficulties associated with atypical brain maturation, including socio-emotional difficulties. The analysis of large-scale brain network dynamics during rest allows us to investigate brain functional connectivity and its association with behavioural outcomes.

Methods

Dynamic functional connectivity was extracted by using the innovation-driven co-activation patterns framework in VPT and full-term children aged 6–9 to explore changes in spatial organisation, laterality and temporal dynamics of spontaneous large-scale brain activity (VPT,n = 28; full-term,n = 12). Multivariate analysis was used to explore potential biomarkers for socio-emotional difficulties in VPT children.

Results

The spatial organisation of the 13 retrieved functional networks was comparable across groups. Dynamic features and lateralisation of network brain activity were also comparable for all brain networks. Multivariate analysis unveiled group differences in associations between dynamical functional connectivity parameters with socio-emotional abilities.

Conclusion

In this exploratory study, the group differences observed might reflect reduced degrees of maturation of functional architecture in the VPT group in regard to socio-emotional abilities. Dynamic features of functional connectivity could represent relevant neuroimaging markers and inform on potential mechanisms through which preterm birth leads to neurodevelopmental and behavioural disorders.

Impact

Spatial organisation of the retrieved resting-state networks was comparable between school-aged very preterm and full-term children.

Dynamic features and lateralisation of network brain activity were also comparable across groups.

Multivariate pattern analysis revealed different patterns of association between dynamical functional connectivity parameters and socio-emotional abilities in the very preterm and full-term groups.

Findings suggest a reduced degree of maturation of the functional architecture in the very preterm group in association with socio-emotional abilities.
MARCH5 regulates mitotic apoptosis through MCL1-dependent and independent mechanisms
Authors: Wang Yang , Poon Randy Y. C.
Published: November 2022

The anti-apoptotic MCL1 is critical for delaying apoptosis during mitotic arrest. MCL1 is degraded progressively during mitotic arrest, removing its anti-apoptotic function. We found that knockout of components of ubiquitin ligases including APC/C, SCF complexes, and the mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase MARCH5 did not prevent mitotic degradation of MCL1. Nevertheless, MARCH5 determined the initial level of MCL1–NOXA network upon mitotic entry and hence the window of time during MCL1 was present during mitotic arrest. Paradoxically, although knockout of MARCH5 elevated mitotic MCL1, mitotic apoptosis was in fact enhanced in a BAK-dependent manner. Mitotic apoptosis was accelerated after MARCH5 was ablated in both the presence and absence of MCL1. Cell death was not altered after disrupting other MARCH5-regulated BCL2 family members including NOXA, BIM, and BID. Disruption of the mitochondrial fission factor DRP1, however, reduced mitotic apoptosis in MARCH5-disrupted cells. These data suggest that MARCH5 regulates mitotic apoptosis through MCL1-independent mechanisms including mitochondrial maintenance that can overcome the stabilization of MCL1.
von Willebrand factor links primary hemostasis to innate immunity
Authors: Drakeford Clive , Aguila Sonia , Roche Fiona , Hokamp Karsten , Fazavana Judicael , Cervantes Mariana P. , Curtis Annie M. , Hawerkamp Heike C. , Dhami Sukhraj Pal Singh , Charles-Messance Hugo , Hackett Emer E. , Chion Alain , Ward Soracha , Ahmad Azaz , Schoen Ingmar , Breen Eamon , Keane Joe , Murphy Ross , Preston Roger J. S. , O’Sullivan Jamie M. , Sheedy Frederick J. , Fallon Padraic , O’Donnell James S.
Published: November 2022

The plasma multimeric glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (VWF) plays a critical role in primary hemostasis by tethering platelets to exposed collagen at sites of vascular injury. Recent studies have identified additional biological roles for VWF, and in particular suggest that VWF may play an important role in regulating inflammatory responses. However, the molecular mechanisms through which VWF exerts its immuno-modulatory effects remain poorly understood. In this study, we report that VWF binding to macrophages triggers downstream MAP kinase signaling, NF-κB activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In addition, VWF binding also drives macrophage M1 polarization and shifts macrophage metabolism towards glycolysis in a p38-dependent manner. Cumulatively, our findings define an important biological role for VWF in modulating macrophage function, and thereby establish a novel link between primary hemostasis and innate immunity.
The inner junction protein CFAP20 functions in motile and non-motile cilia and is critical for vision
Authors: Chrystal Paul W. , Lambacher Nils J. , Doucette Lance P. , Bellingham James , Schiff Elena R. , Noel Nicole C. L. , Li Chunmei , Tsiropoulou Sofia , Casey Geoffrey A. , Zhai Yi , Nadolski Nathan J. , Majumder Mohammed H. , Tagoe Julia , D’Esposito Fabiana , Cordeiro Maria Francesca , Downes Susan , Clayton-Smith Jill , Ellingford Jamie ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Ambrose J. C. , Arumugam P. , Bevers R. , Bleda M. , Boardman-Pretty F. , Boustred C. R. , Brittain H. , Brown M. A. , Caulfield M. J. , Chan G. C. , Giess A. , Griffin J. N. , Hamblin A. , Henderson S. , Hubbard T. J. P. , Jackson R. , Jones L. J. , Kasperaviciute D. , Kayikci M. , Kousathanas A. , Lahnstein L. , Lakey A. , Leigh S. E. A. , Leong I. U. S. , Lopez F. J. , Maleady-Crowe F. , McEntagart M. , Minneci F. , Mitchell J. , Moutsianas L. , Mueller M. , Murugaesu N. , Need A. C. , O’Donovan P. , Odhams C. A. , Patch C. , Perez-Gil D. , Pereira M. B. , Pullinger J. , Rahim T. , Rendon A. , Rogers T. , Savage K. , Sawant K. , Scott R. H. , Siddiq A. , Sieghart A. , Smith S. C. , Sosinsky A. , Stuckey A. , Tanguy M. , Taylor Tavares A. L. , Thomas E. R. A. , Thompson S. R. , Tucci A. , Welland M. J. , Williams E. , Witkowska K. , Wood S. M. , Zarowiecki M. , Mahroo Omar A. , Hocking Jennifer C. , Cheetham Michael E. , Webster Andrew R. , Jansen Gert , Blacque Oliver E. , Allison W. Ted , Au Ping Yee Billie , MacDonald Ian M. , Arno Gavin , Leroux Michel R.
Published: November 2022

Motile and non-motile cilia are associated with mutually-exclusive genetic disorders. Motile cilia propel sperm or extracellular fluids, and their dysfunction causes primary ciliary dyskinesia. Non-motile cilia serve as sensory/signalling antennae on most cell types, and their disruption causes single-organ ciliopathies such as retinopathies or multi-system syndromes. CFAP20 is a ciliopathy candidate known to modulate motile cilia in unicellular eukaryotes. We demonstrate that in zebrafish,cfap20is required for motile cilia function, and inC. elegans, CFAP-20 maintains the structural integrity of non-motile cilia inner junctions, influencing sensory-dependent signalling and development. Human patients and zebrafish withCFAP20mutations both exhibit retinal dystrophy. Hence, CFAP20 functions within a structural/functional hub centered on the inner junction that is shared between motile and non-motile cilia, and is distinct from other ciliopathy-associated domains or macromolecular complexes. Our findings suggest an uncharacterised pathomechanism for retinal dystrophy, and potentially for motile and non-motile ciliopathies in general.
Nanoscale heterogeneity of ultrafast many-body carrier dynamics in triple cation perovskites
Authors: Nishida Jun , Chang Peter T. S. , Ye Jiselle Y. , Sharma Prachi , Wharton Dylan M. , Johnson Samuel C. , Shaheen Sean E. , Raschke Markus B.
Published: November 2022

In high fluence applications of lead halide perovskites for light-emitting diodes and lasers, multi-polaron interactions and associated Auger recombination limit the device performance. However, the relationship of the ultrafast and strongly lattice coupled carrier dynamics to nanoscale heterogeneities has remained elusive. Here, in ultrafast visible-pump infrared-probe nano-imaging of the photoinduced carrier dynamics in triple cation perovskite films, a ~20 % variation in sub-ns relaxation dynamics with spatial disorder on tens to hundreds of nanometer is resolved. We attribute the non-uniform relaxation dynamics to the heterogeneous evolution of polaron delocalization and increasing scattering time. The initial high-density excitation results in faster relaxation due to strong many-body interactions, followed by extended carrier lifetimes at lower densities. These results point towards the missing link between the optoelectronic heterogeneity and associated carrier dynamics to guide synthesis and device engineering for improved perovskites device performance.
UniTVelo: temporally unified RNA velocity reinforces single-cell trajectory inference
Authors: Gao Mingze , Qiao Chen , Huang Yuanhua
Published: November 2022

The recent breakthrough of single-cell RNA velocity methods brings attractive promises to reveal directed trajectory on cell differentiation, states transition and response to perturbations. However, the existing RNA velocity methods are often found to return erroneous results, partly due to model violation or lack of temporal regularization. Here, we present UniTVelo, a statistical framework of RNA velocity that models the dynamics of spliced and unspliced RNAs via flexible transcription activities. Uniquely, it also supports the inference of a unified latent time across the transcriptome. With ten datasets, we demonstrate that UniTVelo returns the expected trajectory in different biological systems, including hematopoietic differentiation and those even with weak kinetics or complex branches.
Alternate oscillations of Martian hydrogen and oxygen upper atmospheres during a major dust storm
Authors: Masunaga Kei , Terada Naoki , Yoshida Nao , Nakamura Yuki , Kuroda Takeshi , Yoshioka Kazuo , Suzuki Yudai , Nakagawa Hiromu , Kimura Tomoki , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Murakami Go , Yamazaki Atsushi , Usui Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Ichiro
Published: November 2022

Dust storms on Mars play a role in transporting water from its lower to upper atmosphere, seasonally enhancing hydrogen escape. However, it remains unclear how water is diurnally transported during a dust storm and how its elements, hydrogen and oxygen, are subsequently influenced in the upper atmosphere. Here, we use multi-spacecraft and space telescope observations obtained during a major dust storm in Mars Year 33 to show that hydrogen abundance in the upper atmosphere gradually increases because of water supply above an altitude of 60 km, while oxygen abundance temporarily decreases via water ice absorption, catalytic loss, or downward transportation. Additionally, atmospheric waves modulate dust and water transportations, causing alternate oscillations of hydrogen and oxygen abundances in the upper atmosphere. If dust- and wave-driven couplings of the Martian lower and upper atmospheres are common in dust storms, with increasing escape of hydrogen, oxygen will less efficiently escape from the upper atmosphere, leading to a more oxidized atmosphere. These findings provide insights regarding Mars’ water loss history and its redox state, which are crucial for understanding the Martian habitable environment.
In-sensor reservoir computing system for latent fingerprint recognition with deep ultraviolet photo-synapses and memristor array
Authors: Zhang Zhongfang , Zhao Xiaolong , Zhang Xumeng , Hou Xiaohu , Ma Xiaolan , Tang Shuangzhu , Zhang Ying , Xu Guangwei , Liu Qi , Long Shibing
Published: November 2022

Detection and recognition of latent fingerprints play crucial roles in identification and security. However, the separation of sensor, memory, and processor in conventional ex-situ fingerprint recognition system seriously deteriorates the latency of decision-making and inevitably increases the overall computing power. In this work, a photoelectronic reservoir computing (RC) system, consisting of DUV photo-synapses and nonvolatile memristor array, is developed to detect and recognize the latent fingerprint with in-sensor and parallel in-memory computing. Through the Ga-rich design, we achieve amorphous GaOx (a-GaOx) photo-synapses with an enhanced persistent photoconductivity (PPC) effect. The PPC effect, which induces nonlinearly tunable conductivity, renders the a-GaOx photo-synapses an ideal deep ultraviolet (DUV) photoelectronic reservoir, thus mapping the complex input vector into a dimensionality-reduced output vector. Connecting the reservoirs and a memristor array, we further construct an in-sensor RC system for latent fingerprint identification. The system maintains over 90% recognition accuracy for latent fingerprint within 15% stochastic noise level via the proposed dual-feature strategy. This work provides a subversive prototype system of DUV in-sensor RC for highly efficient recognition of latent fingerprints.
Tuning instability of non-columnar neurons in the salt-and-pepper whisker map in somatosensory cortex
Authors: Wang Han Chin , LeMessurier Amy M. , Feldman Daniel E.
Published: November 2022

Rodent sensory cortex contains salt-and-pepper maps of sensory features, whose structure is not fully known. Here we investigated the structure of the salt-and-pepper whisker somatotopic map among L2/3 pyramidal neurons in somatosensory cortex, in awake mice performing one-vs-all whisker discrimination. Neurons tuned for columnar (CW) and non-columnar (non-CW) whiskers were spatially intermixed, with co-tuned neurons forming local (20 µm) clusters. Whisker tuning was markedly unstable in expert mice, with 35-46% of pyramidal cells significantly shifting tuning over 5-18 days. Tuning instability was highly concentrated in non-CW tuned neurons, and thus was structured in the map. Instability of non-CW neurons was unchanged during chronic whisker paralysis and when mice discriminated individual whiskers, suggesting it is an inherent feature. Thus, L2/3 combines two distinct components: a stable columnar framework of CW-tuned cells that may promote spatial perceptual stability, plus an intermixed, non-columnar surround with highly unstable tuning.
Spatially resolved phosphoproteomics reveals fibroblast growth factor receptor recycling-driven regulation of autophagy and survival
Authors: Watson Joanne , Ferguson Harriet R. , Brady Rosie M. , Ferguson Jennifer , Fullwood Paul , Mo Hanyi , Bexley Katherine H. , Knight David , Howell Gareth , Schwartz Jean-Marc , Smith Michael P. , Francavilla Chiara
Published: November 2022

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) endocytosis-dependent signalling drives cell proliferation and motility during development and adult homeostasis, but is dysregulated in diseases, including cancer. The recruitment of RTK signalling partners during endocytosis, specifically during recycling to the plasma membrane, is still unknown. Focusing on Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2b (FGFR2b) recycling, we reveal FGFR signalling partners proximal to recycling endosomes by developing a Spatially Resolved Phosphoproteomics (SRP) approach based on APEX2-driven biotinylation followed by phosphorylated peptides enrichment. Combining this with traditional phosphoproteomics, bioinformatics, and targeted assays, we uncover that FGFR2b stimulated by its recycling ligand FGF10 activates mTOR-dependent signalling and ULK1 at the recycling endosomes, leading to autophagy suppression and cell survival. This adds to the growing importance of RTK recycling in orchestrating cell fate and suggests a therapeutically targetable vulnerability in ligand-responsive cancer cells. Integrating SRP with other systems biology approaches provides a powerful tool to spatially resolve cellular signalling.
Surface melting of a colloidal glass
Authors: Tian Li , Bechinger Clemens
Published: November 2022

Despite their technological relevance, a full microscopic understanding of glasses is still lacking. This applies even more to their surfaces whose properties largely differ from that of the bulk material. Here, we experimentally investigate the surface of a two-dimensional glass as a function of the effective temperature. To yield a free surface, we use an attractive colloidal suspension of micron-sized particles interacting via tunable critical Casimir forces. Similar to crystals, we observe surface melting of the glass, i.e., the formation of a liquid film at the surface well below the glass temperature. Underneath, however, we find an unexpected region with bulk density but much faster particle dynamics. It results from connected clusters of highly mobile particles which are formed near the surface and deeply percolate into the underlying material. Because its thickness can reach several tens of particle diameters, this layer may elucidate the poorly understood properties of thin glassy films which find use in many technical applications.
Neural dynamics of phoneme sequences reveal position-invariant code for content and order
Authors: Gwilliams Laura , King Jean-Remi , Marantz Alec , Poeppel David
Published: November 2022

Speech consists of a continuously-varying acoustic signal. Yet human listeners experience it as sequences of discrete speech sounds, which are used to recognise discrete words. To examine how the human brain appropriately sequences the speech signal, we recorded two-hour magnetoencephalograms from 21 participants listening to short narratives. Our analyses show that the brain continuously encodes the three most recently heard speech sounds in parallel, and maintains this information long past its dissipation from the sensory input. Each speech sound representation evolves over time, jointly encoding both its phonetic features and the amount of time elapsed since onset. As a result, this dynamic neural pattern encodes both the relative order and phonetic content of the speech sequence. These representations are active earlier when phonemes are more predictable, and are sustained longer when lexical identity is uncertain. Our results show how phonetic sequences in natural speech are represented at the level of populations of neurons, providing insight into what intermediary representations exist between the sensory input and sub-lexical units. The flexibility in the dynamics of these representations paves the way for further understanding of how such sequences may be used to interface with higher order structure such as lexical identity.
Near-room-temperature martensitic actuation profited from one-dimensional hybrid perovskite structure
Authors: Liang Bei-Dou , Fan Chang-Chun , Liu Cheng-Dong , Chai Chao-Yang , Han Xiang-Bin , Zhang Wen
Published: November 2022

Martensitic transformation, usually accompanied by ferroelastic and thermoelastic behaviors, is an interesting and useful mechanical-related property upon external stimuli. For molecular crystals, however, martensitic systems to show reversible stimuli-actuation behaviors are still limited because of a lack of designability and frequent crystal collapse due to large stress releases during the transformations. Here, a one-dimensional hybrid perovskite semiconductor (NMEA)PbI3 (NMEA = N-methylethylammonium) was prepared by following a dimensionality reduction design principle. The crystal undergoes reversible ferroelastic and thermoelastic martensitic transformations, which are attributed to weak intermolecular interactions among the chains that easily trigger the interchain shearing movement. The actuation behavior occurring during the phase transition is very close to room temperature and demonstrated to behave as a mechanical actuator for switching. This work provides an effective approach to designing molecular actuators with promising applications in next-generation intelligence devices.
Multimodal analysis demonstrating the shaping of functional gradients in the marmoset brain
Authors: Tong Chuanjun , Liu Cirong , Zhang Kaiwei , Bo Binshi , Xia Ying , Yang Hao , Feng Yanqiu , Liang Zhifeng
Published: November 2022

The discovery of functional gradients introduce a new perspective in understanding the cortical spectrum of intrinsic dynamics, as it captures major axes of functional connectivity in low-dimensional space. However, how functional gradients arise and dynamically vary remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the biological basis of functional gradients using awake resting-state fMRI, retrograde tracing and gene expression datasets in marmosets. We found functional gradients in marmosets showed a sensorimotor-to-visual principal gradient followed by a unimodal-to-multimodal gradient, resembling functional gradients in human children. Although strongly constrained by structural wirings, functional gradients were dynamically modulated by arousal levels. Utilizing a reduced model, we uncovered opposing effects on gradient dynamics by structural connectivity (inverted U-shape) and neuromodulatory input (U-shape) with arousal fluctuations, and dissected the contribution of individual neuromodulatory receptors. This study provides insights into biological basis of functional gradients by revealing the interaction between structural connectivity and ascending neuromodulatory system.
Dynamical criticality of spin-shear coupling in van der Waals antiferromagnets
Authors: Zhou Faran , Hwangbo Kyle , Zhang Qi , Wang Chong , Shen Lingnan , Zhang Jiawei , Jiang Qianni , Zong Alfred , Su Yifan , Zajac Marc , Ahn Youngjun , Walko Donald A. , Schaller Richard D. , Chu Jiun-Haw , Gedik Nuh , Xu Xiaodong , Xiao Di , Wen Haidan
Published: November 2022

The interplay between a multitude of electronic, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom underlies the complex phase diagrams of quantum materials. Layer stacking in van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures is responsible for exotic electronic and magnetic properties, which inspires stacking control of two-dimensional magnetism. Beyond the interplay between stacking order and interlayer magnetism, we discover a spin-shear coupling mechanism in which a subtle shear of the atomic layers can have a profound effect on the intralayer magnetic order in a family of vdW antiferromagnets. Using time-resolved X-ray diffraction and optical linear dichroism measurements, interlayer shear is identified as the primary structural degree of freedom that couples with magnetic order. The recovery times of both shear and magnetic order upon optical excitation diverge at the magnetic ordering temperature with the same critical exponent. The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory shows that this concurrent critical slowing down arises from a linear coupling of the interlayer shear to the magnetic order, which is dictated by the broken mirror symmetry intrinsic to the monoclinic stacking. Our results highlight the importance of interlayer shear in ultrafast control of magnetic order via spin-mechanical coupling.
Synthesis of I(III)/S(VI) reagents and their reactivity in photochemical cycloaddition reactions with unsaturated bonds
Authors: Li Li , Deng Kun , Xing Yajie , Ma Cheng , Ni Shao-Fei , Wang Zhaofeng , Huang Yong
Published: November 2022

The development of novel methodologies for the introduction of the sulfoxonium group under mild conditions is appealing but remains underexplored. Herein we report the synthesis of a class of hypervalent iodine reagents with a transferrable sulfoxonium group. These compounds enable mixed iodonium-sulfoxonium ylide reactivity. These well-defined reagents are examined in visible-light-promoted cyclization reactions with a wide range of unsaturated bonds including alkenes, alkynes, nitriles, and allenes. Two distinct cyclization pathways are identified, which are controlled by the substituent of the unsaturated bond. The cycloaddition protocol features simple operation, mild reaction conditions, and excellent functional group tolerance, affording a broad range of sulfoxonium-containing cyclic structures in moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, the sufoxonium group in the product can be transformed into diverse functional groups and structural motifs via single electron transfer and transition-metal catalysis.