bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valoración del índice de inclusión en cinco colegios del municipio de Cajicá-Cundinamarca, Colombia
Authors: Pedraza Vargas Steve Fernando , Urrego Rodríguez Edgar Armando , Contreras Suárez Aribel , Mazo Cortes Jisel Magnolia
Published: April 2024

Las escuelas inclusivas representan un marco favorable para asegurar la igualdad de oportunidades y la plena participación. Esta investigación busca caracterizar cinco establecimientos educativos alrededor del índice de inclusión considerando: culturas, políticas y prácticas inclusivas. La investigación-acción se desarrolla en el marco de la etnometodología mediante la aplicación del Cuestionario de Valoración del Índice Inclusión -CVI- a actores sociales (50 sujetos) como equipo docente, consejo escolar, estudiantes, familias y otros miembros de la comunidad educativa. Los resultados muestran que este tipo de educación invita a los establecimientos educativos a realizar un análisis crítico sobre lo que se puede hacer para mejorar el aprendizaje y la participación genuina de todos los estudiantes en la escuela y en su territorio.
Palabras clave: educación inclusiva, índice de inclusión, gestión educativa.
Metabolic Differentiation in Manic Episode of Bipolar Disorder Compared to Substance-Induced Psychosis and Substance Use Disorder Based on Serum Valproate Level
Authors: Çiftçi Elvan , Cengiz Çavuşoğlu Emine , Altıntaş Merih
Published: April 2024

Aim: Valproic acid (VPA) is primarily used in the treatment of epilepsy but also has uses in the treatment of manic episodes in bipolar disorder and substance use disorders. Manic episodes and psychosis may also affect hepatic clearance and drug distribution volume. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of mania and psychosis compared to substance use on VPA pharmacokinetics, specifically changes in total and unbound clearance.
Material and Methods: Fifty patients with a manic episode of bipolar disorder, and 51 patients with substance use disorder, 38 of whom were considered as substance-induced psychosis, were included in this retrospective study. All patients received a constant dose of 1000 mg VPA daily for at least five days, and serum VPA concentrations were measured.
Results: The mean serum levels of VPA were 59.2±17.4 μg/ml in the substance use disorder group, 60.9±13.5 μg/ml in the substance-induced psychosis group, and 61.8±13.7 μg/ml in the manic episode of bipolar disorder group. No significant difference was found between the groups (p=0.840). When considering substance use disorder and substance-induced psychosis as one group, the mean VPA level of 60.5±14.4 μg/ml in this group showed no significant difference compared to 61.8±13.7 μg/ml in the manic episode of bipolar disorder (p=0.630).
Conclusion: After reaching steady-state plasma levels, no significant difference in serum VPA levels was observed between the three groups. This suggests that manic episodes do not lead to a significant increase in VPA metabolism compared to substance use disorder or substance-induced psychosis.
SUP-Hesitant Fuzzy Interior Ideals in \(\Gamma\)-Semigroups
Authors: Khamrot Pannawit , Gaketem Thiti
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we defined the concept \(\mathcal{SUP}\)-hesitant fuzzy interior ideals in \(\Gamma\)-semigroups, which is generalized of hesitant fuzzy interior ideals in \(\Gamma\)-semigroups. Additionally,  we study fundamental properties of \(\mathcal{SUP}\)-hesitant fuzzy interior ideals in \(\Gamma\)-semigroups. Finally, we investigate characterized properties of those.
Morphometric Study of the Algerian Dromedary Population Reguibi (Camelus dromedarius L. 1758)
Authors: Elhadi OUDINI , Baaissa BABELHADJ , Atika BENAISSA , Madjed DIB , Rania RIDOUH , Faiza TEKKOUK-ZEMMOUCHI , Claude GUINTARD
Published: April 2024

Background: The morphometric study of the Algerian dromedary population, specifically the Reguibi breed (Camelus dromedarius), involves analyzing various physical measurements and characteristics of these camels. Morphometric studies aim to understand the phenotypic diversity within a population, which can provide insights into their adaptation, genetic variability and potential for selective breeding or conservation efforts. Methods: This study used 60 live dromedaries from the Tindouf slaughterhouse in Algeria’s extreme southwest. The animals, 30 males and 30 females, were adults over the age of five years old who grazed in Tindouf’s southwestern regions. After four measurements, the substernal void index and live weight were calculated. Result: The mean live weights for males were 507.9 kg ± 97.3 kg and 445.6 kg ± 63 kg for females. The average withers height was 1.94±0.10 m for males and 1.84±0.10 m for females. The findings were compared to previous studies on Sahraoui, Targui and Steppe Camels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the Reguibi population in this region.
Black Feminism and Womanism: A Narrative Review of the Weight Loss Literature
Authors: Blackman Carr Loneke T. , Barlow Jameta Nicole
Published: April 2024

Objective

Black Feminism and Womanism offers an interdisciplinary lens and practice to center Black women’s health, engage relevant health, and create Black women–informed solutions to address obesity. The purpose of this review article is to employ Black Feminism and Womanism to examine approaches and results of Black women–centered behavioral weight loss interventions.

Methods

A narrative review of Black women–centered behavioral weight loss interventions was conducted. To be included, articles met the following criteria: published between 2012 and 2022, standard behavioral treatment for weight loss, randomized design, weight loss outcomes stratified by race and gender, sample size of at least 75 individuals, adults at least 18 years of age, and at least 51% Black women in the sample.

Results

Eight studies met the inclusion criteria for a Black women–centered behavioral weight loss intervention and were evaluated. Findings indicate that weight loss among Black women was mostly low, below the clinical target of 5 to 10% weight loss. Intervention designs ranged widely in their approach to respond to the context of Black women’s lives, with little consistency between designs.

Conclusions

To make meaningful improvement in the effectiveness of behavioral weight loss interventions for Black women, new approaches are critical. Approaches grounded in Black Feminism and Womanism can provide the essential foundation to generate new knowledge, novel hypotheses, and intervention designs that fully attend to the lived context of Black women, including consideration of the potential health effects of gendered racism.
Developing a Social Determinants of Health Needs Assessment for Colorado Kids (SNACK) Tool for a School-Based Asthma Program: Findings from a Pilot Study
Authors: Brewer Sarah E. , DeCamp Lisa R. , Reedy Julia , Armstrong Rachel , DeKeyser Heather H. , Federico Monica J. , McFarlane Arthur , Figlio Gino , Huebschmann Amy G. , Szefler Stanley J. , Cicutto Lisa
Published: April 2024

Background

School-based asthma programs effectively address poorly controlled asthma and asthma disparities, especially when coupled with screening for and addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) needs. Existing screening tools are tailored to clinical settings; therefore, we sought to develop a community-based SDOH screening tool.

Design/Methods

We used a four-phase iterative design process to develop and pilot a community-based screening tool. We used a modified Delphi process to identify screening tool domains, identified validated items for inclusion, and developed an appropriate tool layout for populations with limited health/general literacy. Community advisory boards reviewed and refined a draft tool. Next, we conducted a qualitative pilot test of acceptability to parents and feasibility for staff in a community health center.

Results

Six domains are included in our SDOH screening tool: health care access, transportation, food insecurity, public benefits, housing, and utilities. In the pilot test, 41 screenings were completed, and 36 parents (16.7% Spanish speaking) provided feedback. Most families understood the purpose of the screening; felt that the questions were clear, appropriate, and quick to complete; and liked the pictures. The clinic’s care coordinator expressed a preference for the pilot tool compared to their existing screening tool and recommended improvements to encourage honest reporting by patients.

Conclusion

This community-based screening tool addresses key SDOH needs that impact asthma and is acceptable to families. The next steps are to implement the tool in school-based asthma programs to support improvements in asthma outcomes and disparities by identifying and addressing families’ unmet SDOH needs.
Understanding Core Community Needs for School-Based Asthma Programming: A Qualitative Assessment in Colorado Communities
Authors: Brewer Sarah E. , Reedy Julia , Maestas Danielle , DeCamp Lisa Ross , Begum Anowara , Brtnikova Michaela , Cicutto Lisa , Szefler Stanley J. , Huebschmann Amy
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions affecting approximately 8.5% of children in Colorado. Our school-based asthma program (SBAP) has effectively improved asthma control and reduced asthma disparities among children but has been largely limited to the Denver area. We interviewed community stakeholders in 5 regions of Colorado to understand community needs for broader dissemination of SBAPs.

Methods

In-depth, semistructured key informant interviews were conducted with school nurses, parents, pediatric healthcare providers, public health professionals, and community resource organization representatives. Inductive and deductive analyses were informed by the practical, robust, implementation, and sustainability model, an implementation science framework.

Results

Participants (n=52) identified 6 types of needs for successful future implementation of our SBAP: (1) buy-in from stakeholders; (2) asthma prioritization; (3) improved relationships, communication, and coordination among school nurses, healthcare providers, and community organizations that address social determinants of health (SDOH) and children/families; (4) resources to address healthcare and SDOH needs and awareness of existing resources; (5) asthma education for children/families, school staff, and community members; and (6) improved coordination for School Asthma Care Plan completion. These needs mapped to a 3-tiered, progressive structure of foundational, relational, and functional needs for implementation success.

Conclusion

These 6 types of needs illuminate factors that will allow this SBAP to work well and program delivery approaches and implementation strategies that may need modification to be successful. Next steps should include tailoring implementation strategies to variations in local context to support fit, effectiveness, and sustainment.
Key Principles Underlying a Research-Practice Alignment in a Federally Qualified Health Center
Authors: Schoenthaler Antoinette , Colella Doreen , De La Calle Franze , Bueno Gisella , Nay Jacalyn , Garcia Masiel , Shahin George , Gago Cristina , Dapkins Isaac
Published: April 2024

Context

Minoritized populations such as racial and ethnic minorities and individuals of less privileged socioeconomic status experience a disproportionate burden of poor hypertension (HTN) control in the United States. Multilevel systems interventions have been shown to improve patient-level outcomes in minoritized populations; however, there remains a large translational gap in implementing these approaches into federally qualified health centers (FQHC), which serve those at highest risk of HTN-related morbidity and mortality. The paucity of purposeful collaborations between academic researchers and practice staff throughout the research process remains a significant roadblock to the timely translation of evidence to practice.

Design

This commentary describes the key principles and best practices that underlie the development and sustainment of an equitable research-practice alignment, which is supporting the implementation of multilevel systems intervention for improved HTN care in a large FQHC in Brooklyn, New York. The key principles, which are derived from the central tenants of relationship development and maintenance in community-engaged participatory research, patient-centered outcomes research, and organizational alignment theory include (1) cocreation of a shared mental model, (2) bridging multilevel communication, (3) ensuring mutual accountability, and (4) creating a culture of continuous improvement.

Conclusions

Together, the principles guide how the research and practice teams work together to achieve a shared goal of improving the health and well-being of minoritized patients through the provision of high quality, community-oriented HTN care. Best practices to sustain our alignment require an ongoing and deliberate investment in honest and transparent communication by all members.
Community and Healthcare Perspectives on Implementing Hypertension Interventions for a Multiethnic Safety-Net Population
Authors: Sandesara Utpal N. , Carson Savanna L. , Dopp Alex , Perez Lilian G. , Sadia Atkia , Wali Soma , Park Nina J. , Casillas Alejandra , Kim Gloria , Morales Maria G. , Ntekume Ejiro , Song Sarah , Gandhi Priya , Wafford Tony , Brown Arleen F.
Published: April 2024

Objective

To synthesize community and healthcare informants’ perspectives on contextual considerations and tailoring recommendations for high-quality, sustainable implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for managing hypertension (HTN) in a multiethnic safety-net population.

Design

Structured focus-group discussions and semistructured qualitative interviews.

Background

High-quality, sustainable implementation of HTN-related EBPs can promote equitable care. Implementation challenges extend beyond individual patients to span multiple levels of context. Few studies have systematically engaged community and healthcare perspectives to inform the design of HTN intervention trials.

Setting

A large safety-net healthcare system.

Participants/Methods

We conducted four structured discussions with each of five race- or ethnicity-specific community action boards (CABs) to understand community members’ HTN-related norms, assets, needs, and experiences across local healthcare systems. We interviewed 41 personnel with diverse roles in our partnered healthcare system to understand the system’s HTN-related strengths and needs. We solicited EBP tailoring recommendations from both groups. We summarized the findings using rapid content analysis.

Results

Participants identified contextual considerations spanning seven themes: social determinants, healthcare engagement, clinical interaction, system operations, standardization, patient education, and partnerships and funding. They offered tailoring recommendations spanning nine themes: addressing complex contexts, addressing social needs, system operations, healthcare system training and resources, linguistic and cultural tailoring, behavioral engagement, relational engagement, illness-course engagement, and community partnerships.

Conclusions

Engaging community and healthcare informants can ground implementation in the policy, community, healthcare system, clinical, and interpersonal contexts surrounding diverse patients at risk for disparities. Such grounding can reframe inequitable implementation as a multilevel social problem facing communities and healthcare systems, rather than individuals.
Ulaşım Akslarının Yeterliliğinin Bursa Görükle Mahallesi’nde Araştırılması
Authors: Pirselimoğlu Batman Zeynep , Vardar Özgür Ekin , Ender Altay Elvan
Published: April 2024

Kentsel ulaşım alanları, en yalın haliyle; yer aldığı alan içerisinde bir yerden başka bir yere taşınma/ taşıma eyleminin gerçekleştirildiği, tüm kentlilerin erişebildiği, kullanıcılarına ortak yaşam imkânı sunan ve bu özellikleriyle kentle birlikte gelişen en önemli mekânlardan biridir. Hızlı ve kontrolsüz kentsel büyüme gösteren alanlar, gösterdiği gelişime bağlı olarak içerdiği ulaşım akslarında çeşitli olumsuzluklar barındırabilir. Bu sorunlar literatürde yer alan çalışmalar ve ulaşım konusundaki yerel standartları belirten yönetmelik/ kanunlar kapsamında ele alınmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda ulaşım alanlarına ait standartların, kentsel mekânlardan biri olan mahalle ölçeğinde değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Ulaşımda yer alan kullanıcılar (yayalar, motorlu-motorsuz araçlar vb.) kapsamında, caddelerin yeterliliklerinin araştırılarak, kentsel ulaşım kalitesiyle ilgili araştırmalara katkıda bulunulması beklenmektedir. İlgili standartların incelenmesi ve saha araştırmaları neticesinde elde edilen bulgular ile mevcut ulaşım alanlarının yeterliliğinin değerlendirilmesine fırsat sunan ölçütler oluşturulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın materyali, Bursa ili Nilüfer ilçesinde yer alan Görükle Mahallesi ve caddeleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma; literatür taraması, gözlem ile mevcut durum tespiti ve haritaların oluşturulması, gözlem ve yoğunluk analizi, gözlemler sonucu ölçütler belirlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi olmak üzere üç aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. 20 farklı caddede kullanıcı yoğunluğunun tespiti için gerçekleştirilen gözlemler neticesinde, yoğun olduğu tespit edilen 5 cadde 31 farklı ölçüt kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. 1 ile 5 puan aralığında seçeneklerin bulunduğu bir puanlama sistemi ile değerlendirilen ölçütler sonucunda caddelerin donatılar, erişilebilirlik, gelişim ve fiziksel durum bağlamındaki yeterlilikleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda en yüksek %65.8 en düşük ise %50.9 yeterlilik puanı ile iyileştirilmesi gereken kriterler belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda belirlenen ölçütlerin ve elde edilen bulguların gelecek uygulama ve araştırmalar için bir altlık niteliği taşıması hedeflenmektedir.
Impact of diet and gut microbiota changes in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Scarlata Giuseppe Guido Maria , Cicino Claudia , Spagnuolo Rocco , Marascio Nadia , Quirino Angela , Matera Giovanni , Dumitrașcu Dan Lucian , Luzza Francesco , Abenavoli Ludovico
Published: April 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer that occurs with a frequency of 85% in patients with liver cirrhosis. It is the sixth most common type of cancer globally. Asia is the continent with the highest incidence (72%), followed by Europe (8%) and Africa (5%). Men are four times more likely than women to develop this cancer, especially in the 70-80 age group. Risk factors include alcoholic liver disease, tobacco use, genetic predisposition, dysmetabolic comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Unhealthy dietary regimens and gut dysbiosis are additional risk factors that have been recently investigated. These two factors are closely related because the gut microbiota performs several biological functions, including nutrient metabolism, a process that promotes gut homeostasis, known as eubiosis. With regard to the correlation between diet, gut microbiota, and HCC development, there are several mechanisms that have not yet been fully elucidated. This narrative review aims to evaluate the impact of diet and gut microbiota changes in the development of HCC. Our analysis, performed on several clinical and pre-clinical studies, showed that a high-fat diet promotes gut dysbiosis and hepatic fat accumulation, leading to the progression from simple steatosis to HCC, while the Mediterranean diet, rich in fiber and monounsaturated fatty acids, had a protective role. For this reason, international employment of this dietary regimen for therapeutic purposes should be encouraged.
CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China
Authors: Yang Xiao-Yan , Zhang Hai-Feng , Duan Peng , Du Lei , Tao Hao-Ran , Guo Liang-Liang , Wang Tian-Le , Jia Zhi-Long , Kong Wei-Cheng , Guo Guo-Ping
Published: April 2024

A challenge in building large-scale superconducting quantum processors is the precise control and manipulation of the qubit state. However, the crosstalk between the microwave control lines impedes the parallel execution of high-fidelity digital and analog quantum operations. Here, we propose and demonstrate a universal compensation protocol for calibrating the microwave signal crosstalk. We also introduce amplified error sequences to optimize the accuracy. Furthermore, we show a definitive improvement in parallel gate operations with crosstalk cancellation, demonstrating the technique's effectiveness. This work paves the way for superconducting hardware that features automated calibration of microwave crosstalk, leading to enhanced fidelities in multiqubit circuits.
Sustainable Geoinformatic Approaches to Insurance for Small-Scale Farmers in Colombia
Authors: Abd Rabuh Ahmad , Teeuw Richard M. , Oakey Doyle Ray , Argyriou Athanasios V. , Foxley-Marrable Max , Wilkins Alan
Published: April 2024

This article presents a low-cost insurance system developed for small-hold farms in disaster-prone regions, primarily using free Earth Observation (EO) data and Free Open Source Software (FOSS) – collectively termed sustainable geoinformatics - with a proprietary mobile phone app that enables verification. The study examined 30 farms in Risaralda department, Colombia. A Digital Elevation Model (12.5m pixels) from the ALOS PALSAR satellite sensor was used with a Geographical Information System (GIS) to map the terrain, drainage and geohazards of each farming district. Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used to carry out Time Series Analysis of 15 EO and weather datasets for 1998 to 2020. This analysis enabled the levels of risk from hydrometeorological hazards to be determined for each farm of the study, providing key data for the setting of insurance premiums. A parametric insurance product was piloted using GPS-tagged, time-stamped mobile phone photos to verify crop health. Key features of this insurance system are its low operational cost and rapid damage verification, relative to conventional approaches to farm insurance. It is an affordable form of insurance for small-scale farmers, with the rapid verification and payment of claims. This relatively fast, low-cost and affordable approach to insurance for small-scale farming enhances sustainable development by enabling policy-holder farmers to recover more quickly from disasters.
A Nature-Inspired Approach to Energy-Efficient Relay Selection in LPWAN
Authors: Strzoda Anna , Grochla Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

Despite Low Power Wide Area Networks’ ability to offer an extended range, it might still encounter challenges with coverage blind spots in the network. This article proposes an innovative energy-efficient nature-inspired relay selection algorithm for LoRa-based LPWAN networks, serving as a solution for challenges related to poor signal range in areas with limited coverage. A behavior swarm-inspired approach has been utilized to select the relays’ localization in the network, providing network energy efficiency and radio signal extension. These relays help bridge communication gaps, significantly reducing the impact of coverage blind spots by forwarding signals from devices with poor direct connectivity with the gateway. The proposed algorithm considers critical factors for the LoRa standard, such as the Spreading Factor or device energy budget analysis. The simulation experiments validate the proposed scheme’s effectiveness in terms of energy efficiency under diverse multi-gateway topology scenarios involving thousands of devices. Specifically, it has been verified that the proposed approach outperforms the reference method in preventing the battery depletion of relays, which is vital for battery-powered IoT devices. Furthermore, for some large-scale problems, the proposed heuristic method achieves over twice the speed of the exact method with a negligible accuracy loss of less than 2%.
Social Commerce and Customer-to-Customer Value Co-creation Impacts on Sustainable Customer Relationship
Authors: Alhumud Abdullah A , Elshaer Ibrahim A
Published: April 2024

The advent of social commerce (SC) has transformed the landscape of online consumer behavior, emphasizing the significance of customer-to-customer relations in shaping sustainable relation-ships with customers. This research investigated the intricate relationships between social com-merce dimensions, particularly suggestions and recommendations, forums and communities, and ratings and reviews, and their influence on customer-to-customer value co-creation (C2CVCC) and sustainable customer relationships (SCRs). A questionnaire was designed and administered to 635 respondents. We examined the psychometric properties of the measurements and subse-quently applied Partial Least Squares as a Structural Equation Modeling method (PLS-SEM) for hypothesis testing. The findings reveal that the dimensions of SC significantly impact C2CVCC, with ratings and reviews playing a pivotal role. Furthermore, C2CVCC emerges as a substantial mediator in the path between SC and SCRs. The empirical analysis showcases strong support for the proposed model, with robust path coefficients (β) and p-values confirming direct and indirect effects. These findings offer valuable insights for businesses seeking to leverage SC and customer interactions to enhance SCRs in the digital era. Understanding the dynamics of C2CVCC within the context of SC has become essential for marketers and businesses aiming to thrive in today's competitive online marketplace.
Design of a Novel Intraoperative Sensor for Load Balancing and Tracking during Total Knee Replacements
Authors: Al-Nasser Samira , Noroozi Siamak , Harvey Adrian
Published: April 2024

Intraoperative load sensors have been developed with the aim of balancing the soft tissue in the knee during Total Knee Replacements (TKRs). Literature has shown success in soft tissue bal-ancing however, concerns regarding the accuracy of these sensors remain. For this reason, pre-vious research has attempted to create robust sensors for intraoperative use. The design of the sensor in this research has aimed to address the concerns outlined in the literature to create a new and novel smart-sensor for soft-tissue balancing. This new intraoperative load sensor included design features to increase accuracy while artificial intelligence allowed for comprehensive sensing across the entirety of the sensor, providing unparalleled insight during the operation. Notably, the sensor was designed to withstand loads of at least 450 N, ensuring robust perfor-mance of the sensor. To optimize the design process while minimizing cost, Finite Element Analysis was employed. This approach ensured the design features fulfilled their function while maintaining structural integrity to withstand loads. Moreover, the novelty of using training data from simulated data will reduce the iterative process of the labor-intensive collection of training data for the artificial intelligence while reducing human error associated with it. Results from the evaluation demonstrated the ability of this design to successfully bridge the current gap in the market by fulfilling all essential design criteria established within the literature. This innovative smart-sensing tool will in turn enhance patient outcomes and alleviate financial burdens to pa-tients and the healthcare systems by reducing the need for early revision surgeries associated with improper joint tension.
Galectin-13 and Laeverin Levels Interfere with the Fetoplacental Growth
Authors: Vincze Márió , Sikovanyecz Jr. János , Földesi Imre , Surányi Andrea , Várbíró Szabolcs , Németh Gábor , Sikovanyecz János , Kozinszky Zoltán
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Galectin-13 (Gal-13) is predominantly produced by the syncytiotrophoblast, while laeverin is expressed on the outgrowing extravillous trophoblast, and both are thought to be biomarkers of preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between concentrations of Gal-13 and laeverin measured in maternal serum and amniotic fluid at 16-22 weeks of gestation and the sonographic assessment of the fetoplacental measurements.
Materials and methods: Fetal biometric data, and placental volume and perfusion indices were measured in 62 singleton pregnancies. Serum and amniotic levels of Gal-13 and laeverin levels were measured using a sandwich ELISA.
Results: Both amniotic fluid and serum Gal-13 levels expressed a negative correlation to the plasma laeverin level in mid-pregnancy. Serum laeverin level correlated positively with the gestational length at delivery (β=0.39, p
Response of Photosynthetic Capacity to Climate Warming and Its Variation among 11 Provenances of Dahurian Larch (Larix gmelinii)
Authors: Tian Ping Rui , Li Yao Lu , Zhang Jia Dong , Zhang Jun , Wang Kuan Chuan , Quan Kui Xian
Published: April 2024

We investigated the response of leaf photosynthetic capacity to climate warming and its variation among provenances of Larix gmelinii (Dahurian larch). Seedlings of 11 L. gmelinii provenances were transplanted into two common gardens with different climate conditions (control and warming climate). We measured the leaf photosynthetic capacity and explored its influencing factors. The warming treatment significantly increased the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax-a), photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), maximum electron transport rate (Jmax), triose phosphate utilization rate (TPU), mesophyll conductance (gm), leaf nitrogen content (Narea), and chlorophyll content (Chlm). The Pmax-a was significantly positively associated with Vcmax, Jmax, TPU, gm, and Narea, and the slope of the correlations between Pmax-a and Vcmax, Jmax, and TPU was steeper in the warming treatment. The responses of Pmax-a, PNUE, Vcmax, Jmax, TPU, Narea, and Chlm to warming differed among provenances. The effects of warming on Pmax-a, Vcmax, Jmax, and TPU increased and then decreased as the aridity index of the original site increased. Overall, the warming treatment improved the photosynthetic capacity of L. gmelinii, but the extent of the improvement varied among provenances. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the responses of L. gmelinii to climate warming.
Real-World Safety Profile of Biologic Drugs for Severe Uncontrolled Asthma: A Descriptive Analysis from the Spanish Pharmacovigilance Database
Authors: Boada-Fernández-del-Campo Carlos , García-Sánchez-Colomer Marcelino , Fernández-Quintana Eduardo , Poza-Guedes Paloma , Rolingson-Landaeta J. Leonardo , Sánchez-Machín Inmaculada , González-Pérez Ruperto
Published: April 2024

The present study describes a comprehensive analysis of the Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) documented in the Database of the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System (FEDRA) concerning the use of biological medications used for severe refractory asthma, specifically omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab, and tezepelumab. Emphasis was placed on ADRs not documented in the Technical Sheet (Summary of Product Characteristics, SmPC) of the respective specialties (Xolair®, Nucala®, Cinqaero®, Fasenra®, Dupixent®, and Tezspire®), which could potentially trigger a warning signal in Pharmacovigilance, indicating previously unidentified risks. The analysis encompassed data from the inception of each drug ́s marketing until January 22, 2024, including cases originating from various sources: direct submissions to the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System, communications from the Pharmaceutical Industry, and findings from literature review. Notifications were analyzed independently of their origin, so a complete review of all ADRs associated with these medications was ensured. In essence, this investigation highlights the critical role of post-marketing safety information, emphasizing the relevance of comprehensive reporting by healthcare professionals to facilitate a robust Pharmacovigilance system, ultimately advancing patient care and safety.
Improved Adaptive Feedforward Controller Based on Internal Model Principle with Disturbance Observer for Laser Beam Steering Systems
Authors: Kim Jung-Gon
Published: April 2024

This study presents an effective control algorithm to improve the robustness of fast steering mirror (FSM)-based laser beam steering systems against dynamic disturbances such as repetitive disturbances resulting from operating conditions. A stable control system must be able to maintain the required high-precision control even when dynamic disturbances affect the FSM system. In this study, an improved control method is proposed using an internal model principle (IMP)-based nonlinear controller with a disturbance observer (DOB) for the FSM system. This IMP-based controller with DOB can attenuate the residual control error signal under dynamic disturbance conditions.
Design and Synthesis of Multifunctional Symmerical Squaraine Dyes for Molecular Photovoltaics by Terminal Alkyl-Chain Modifications
Authors: Mori Kota , Kurokawa Yuki , PANDEY SHYAM S.
Published: April 2024

Novel far-red-sensitive symmetric squaraine (SQ) dyes with terminal alkyl-chain modifications were designed, synthesized and characterized aiming towards imparting multifunctionalities such as photosensitization, dye aggregation prevention and source of electrolyte components. The dye sensitizers SQ-77 and SQ-80 with the alkyl chain terminal modifications consisting of iodine and 1-methylimidazolium iodide, respectively, were designed and synthesized as new dye sensitizers for DSSCs based on the symmetric SQ-5 without any terminal modification used as reference. Upon adsorption on the mesoporous TiO2 surface, The SQ-77 depicted an enhanced dye loading and dye aggregation. On the other hand, SQ-80 demonstrated reduced dye aggregation and stronger binding on the TiO2 surface leading to enhanced durability of DSSCs. Apart from the most common photosensitization behaviour, the newly designed dye demonstrated multifunctionality such as aggregation prevention and electrolyte functionality utilizing iodine-based redox electrolyte in the presence and absence of I2 and LiI additives. In the absence of LiI and I2, a mixture of SQ-77 and SQ-80 demonstrated a photoconversion efficiency of 1.54 % under simulated solar irradiation, which was about 6 times higher as compared to reference dye SQ-5 (0.24 %) having no alkyl chai terminal modification.
Accurate Calculation of Upper Biomass Volume of Single Trees Using Matrixial Representation of LiDAR Data
Authors: Tarsha Kurdi Fayez , Lewandowicz Elżbieta , Gharineiat Zahra , Shan Jie
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces a novel method for accurately calculating the upper biomass of single trees using Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data. The proposed algorithm involves classifying the tree point cloud into two distinct ones: the trunk point cloud and the crown point cloud. Each part is then processed using specific techniques to create a 3D model and determine its volume. The trunk point cloud is segmented based on individual stems, with each stem further divided into slices that are modeled as cylinders. On the other hand, the crown point cloud is analyzed by calculating its footprint and gravity center. The footprint is further divided into angular sectors, with each being used to create a rotating surface around the vertical line passing through the gravity center. All models are represented in a matrix format, simplifying the process of minimizing and calculating the tree’s upper biomass, consisting of crown biomass and trunk biomass. To validate the proposed approach, both terrestrial and airborne datasets are utilized. A comparison with existing algorithms in the literature confirms the effectiveness of the new method. The study shows that the proposed algorithm achieves an average fit between 0.01 m and 0.49 m for individual trees.
Computational Modeling of Sodium Ion Channel-Based Glucose Sensing Biophysics to Study Abnormal Electrical Activities in Cardiac Atrial Cell
Authors: MAHAPATRA CHITARANJAN , Shanmugam Kirubanandan
Published: April 2024

Elevated blood glucose levels, known as glycemia, play a significant role in sudden cardiac arrest, often resulting in sudden cardiac death, particularly among those with diabetes. Understanding this link has been a challenge for healthcare professionals, leading many research groups to investigate the relationship between blood glucose levels and cardiac electrical activity. Our hypothesis suggests that glucose-sensing mechanisms in cardiac tissue could clarify this connection. To explore this, we adapted a single-compartment, in-silico model of the human atrial node's action potential. We incorporated glucose-sensing mechanisms with voltage-gated sodium ion channels using ordinary differential equations. Parameters for the model were based on existing experimental studies to mimic the impact of glucose levels on atrial node action potential firing. Simulations using voltage clamp and current clamp techniques showed that elevated glucose levels decreased sodium ion channel currents, leading to a reduction in the sinoatrial node action potential frequency. In summary, our model provides a cellular-level understanding of how high glucose levels can lead to bradycardia and sudden cardiac death.
Near Field Propagation of Flat-Top Gaussian Beam: Analysis in ‎Weak Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: Thary Khamees Hussein , Saloom Hussein Thamir
Published: April 2024

Optical communications are described and analyzed by shaped beams; we challenge the ‎effects of parameters that impact the profile of a Flat Top Gaussian (FTG) beam. When ‎the laser beam propagates throughout the atmosphere, it can be influenced by different ‎optical phenomena including scattering, absorption, and turbulence due to changes in the ‎scintillation index and the forms of intensity that are displayed in the source and receiver ‎planes. In this project, the FTG laser beam that propagates through a weak turbulent ‎region is numerically investigated using open-source software. This simulation will be ‎performed according to a mathematical model based on the split-step beam propagation ‎method. Intensity distributions at the source plane and the received average intensity in ‎atmospheric turbulence are calculated, and additional contour is in the transducer plane. ‎The scintillation index, structure constant, source size, and other parameters, are applied ‎in the Rytov method to quantify the weak turbulent model. Moreover, these parameters ‎are analyzed in near-field propagation. Also, the effects of the beam’s scintillation and ‎beam wander are determined. All results simulated are discussed and compared with the ‎TEM00 Gaussian beam. Finally, these results are compared to measurements in the ‎experimental part of the work.
Consolidating and Stepping up Aviation’s Climate Ambition: A Comprehensive Definition of a Climate Neutral Air Transport System
Authors: Peerlings Bram , Paletti Ligeia
Published: April 2024

In 2011, commercial aviation contributed approximately 3.5% of global anthropogenic climate change through the emission of greenhouse gases during flight and operational non-CO2 climate effects. Over the last few years, numerous aviation-related organisations have set goals to reduce aviation’s climate impact. These goals, however, lack alignment, are poorly or ambiguously defined, or are internally inconsistent. This increases uncertainty about what aviation should work towards, how various stakeholders can contribute, and introduces problems with respect to accountability. In order to address this issue, this paper presents a comprehensive definition of a climate neutral air transport system as an “air transport system of which the climate effects of all its greenhouse gases and non-carbon dioxide effects throughout the entire life-cycle of each element of the system is balanced”. The proposed definition spans relevant system and encompasses all life cycle phases. To achieve a climate neutral air transport system by 2050, all life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions and non-CO2 climate effects remaining after in-sector reduction should be neutralised, as should all remaining non-CO2 climate forcing from emissions prior to 2050. Clarity on governance is furthermore needed, as the goal and associated targets proposed should be adopted globally.
Effects of Sadness and Fear in Public Events on Moral Judgments Based on the CNI Model
Authors: Zheng Mufan , Qin Shiyao , Zhao Junhua
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of society and the deteriorating natural environment, there has been an increase in public events. This study aimed to explore how sadness and fear in the context of public emergency influence moral judgments. This research first induced feelings of sadness and fear by videos about public events and music, and then used moral scenarios from the CNI model to assess participants’ moral thinking. In Study 1, participants were divided into sadness group and neutral group, while in Study 2, participants were divided into fear group and neutral group. During the experiment, participants were exposed to different videos related to public events to induce the corresponding emotions, and emotional music was continuously played throughout the entire experiment. Participants were then asked to answer questions regarding moral judgments. The results showed that based on CNI model, sadness induced in the context of public events significantly increased C parameter, without affecting N or I parameter. Fear increased I parameter, without affecting C or I parameter. That is, sadness and fear induced in the context of public events can influence moral judgments. Specifically, sadness increases individuals’ sensitivity to consequence, and fear increases the general preference for inaction in moral judgments.
The Effectiveness of Nutritional Interventions Implemented Through Lady Health Workers on the Reduction of Stunting in Children under 5 in Pakistan; The Difference‐in‐Difference Analysis
Authors: Ashraf Khizar , Huda Tanvir M. , Ikram Javeria , Ariff Shabina , Sajid Muhammad , Khan Gul Nawaz , Umer Muhammad , Ahmed Imran , Dibley Michael John , Soofi Sajid Bashir
Published: April 2024

In Pakistan, 2018 National Nutrition Survey reported 40% of under five children were stunted. This study assesses the effectiveness of nutritional supplementation in reducing stunting among under-five children in two rural districts in Sindh, Pakistan. This was a mixed-method quasi-experimental study with intervention and control population. 3397 and 3277 under-five children participated in the baseline and end-line surveys. Both study areas were matched for demographic and economic circumstances. The participants received nutrient supplements underpinned by nutrition behaviour change communication for appropriate complementary feeding practices and hand hygiene targeted at primary caregivers during the first 1000 days of an infant's life. The impact was assessed using the difference in difference analysis with kernel propensity score matching to adjust the differences among control and intervention populations.
In Situ Gelling Behavior and Biopharmaceutical Characterization of Nano-Silver Loaded Poloxamer Matrices Designed for Nasal Drug Delivery
Authors: Ivanova Nadezhda , Ermenlieva Neli , Simeonova Lora , Vilhelmova-Ilieva Neli , Bratoeva Kameliya , Stoyanov Georgi , Andonova Velichka
Published: April 2024

A combination of Poloxamer 407 (P407) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hydrosols is proposed as an in situ thermo-gelling vehicle for the nasal drug delivery of chlorhexidine-silver nanoparticles conjugates (SN-CX). Varying ratios of P407 and HPMC were applied in the presence and absence of SN-CX in order to optimize the gelation temperature (Tg) to values close to the physiological nasal such (30–34°C). Mechanisms for the observed gelation phenomena were suggested based on viscosimetry, texture analysis, and dynamic light scattering. Tests were carried out for sprayability, washout time, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation, and antimicrobial activity. When applied separately, HPMC was found to lower the P407 gelation temperature, whereas SN-CX increased it. However, in the presence of HPMC, SN-CX interfered with the P407 micellar organization in a principally contrasting way, while leading to an even further decrease in Tg. SN-CX-loaded nasal formulation composed of P407 16% and HPMC 0.1% demonstrated a desired gelation at 31.9 °C, good sprayability (52.95% coverage of the anterior nasal cavity), mucoadhesion for 70 min under simulated nasal clearance, expedient release and permeation, and preserved anti-infective activity against seasonal Influenza virus and beta-coronavirus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogens. Our findings suggest that the current development could be considered a potential formulation of a protective nasal spray against respiratory infections.
Effects of Substrate Composition on the Growth Traits of Grafting Seedling in Macadamia Nuts
Authors: Tan Qiu Jin , Zhou Chun Heng , Xu Peng , Huang Xi Yuan , Wei Yuan Rong , Pan Zhen Zhen , Wang Wen Lin , Wang Li feng
Published: April 2024

Macadamia nut plantings in China are expanding year by year. In order to further promote the superior varieties, this study analyzed the effects of different varieties of rootstock and scion on the survival rate as well as the effects of 18 different ratios of substrate composition on seedling growth were analyzed. The results showed that: The survival rate of HAES788 varieties as rootstock and Guire No.1 as scion was the highest, reaching 96%. The optimal grafting time in December was better than that in March. Substrate formulations 12, 13, 15 and 16 had agglomerated soil and well-developed root systems compared to the controls. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and dry weight of aboveground and underground parts were significantly higher than those of the control. In addition, the substrate formulations 12, 13, 15 and 16 significantly improved the organic matter, total nitrogen, and total potassium content of the substrate soils, but little on total phosphorus content. All in all, macadamia grafting times are best in December, with HAES788 and Guire No.1 being the best rootstock and scion. Substrate formulations 12, 13, 15 and 16 are the optimal formula. This study provides a solid foundation to produce high-quality macadamia seedlings.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Status among Fertility Patients
Authors: Tarrash Miriam , Brenner Emma , Brownridge Stephanie R. , Kapedani Arisa , Goldman Randi H. , Goldberg Gary L. , Mullin Christine
Published: April 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV) can potentially compromise both unassisted conception and success rates with assisted reproductive technology (ART). We aimed to evaluate the rates of HPV vaccination among women presenting for fertility care. This was a prospective study analyzing a self-reported intake form completed by all new patients presenting to a fertility clinic. The primary outcome was HPV vaccination status. Among the 523 new patients included in this study 172 (32.9%) were fully vaccinated, 237 (45.3%) were unvaccinated, and 95 (18.2%) patients didn’t respond. There was a significant age difference between fully vaccinated patients (33.1 years) compared to unvaccinated patients (37.4 years) p<0.001 and a significant difference in gravidity between fully vaccinated patients (average 0.65) and unvaccinated patients (average 1.11) p=0.0005. No significant association was found between HPV vaccination status and history of abnormal Pap smears or relationship status (single vs. married). Less than half of patients presenting to our fertility center were vaccinated against HPV, despite being eligible to receive the vaccine. Younger patients with lower gravidity were more likely to be vaccinated against HPV than older patients with higher gravidity. Reproductive Endocrinologists have the opportunity to recommend HPV vaccination for eligible patients presenting for fertility care.