bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unrelated donor HLA re‐typing effort to verify prevalence of newer alleles: HLA‐A*24:23, A*30:10, DRB1*08:11, DRB1*15:03, and DRB1*15:06
Authors: Kempenich J. , Dehn J. , Flickinger G. , Setterholm M.
Published: September 2014

The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) is committed to maintaining accurate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) data for each of the 11.5 million volunteer donors on the Be The Match Registry®. Qualitative data analysis identified five population specific alleles suspect of being incorrectly characterized. Alleles evaluated were HLA‐A*24:03 for the presence of A*24:23 in Native Americans, A*30:02 for the presence of A*30:10 when B*41 and DRB1*04:05 were in the haplotype, DRB1*08:02 for the presence of DRB1*08:11 in Native Americans, and DRB1*15:01 for the presence of DRB1*15:03 in African Americans or DRB1*15:06 in Asian donors. Discrepancy rate was 55%, 86%, 31%, 75%, and 13%, respectively. Utilizing the HLA typing date, race, and date an allele in question was described may provide a selection strategy leading to the consideration of additional unrelated donors for searching patients.
A novel HLA‐B allele, HLA‐B*15:325, is identified by sequence‐based typing in a HIV infected individual
Authors: Ou G. , Wang J. , Wang C. , Ji X. , Chen Q.
Published: September 2014

The novel allele B*15:325 shows difference from B*15:02:01 at codon 127 resulting in changes from Asn to Ser.
Infant twin mortality and hospitalisations after the perinatal period – a prospective cohort study from Guinea‐Bissau
Authors: Bjerregaard‐Andersen M. , Biering‐Sørensen S. , Gomes G. M. , Bidonga A. , Jensen D. M. , Rodrigues A. , Christensen K. , Aaby P. , Beck‐Nielsen H. , Benn C. S. , Sodemann M.
Published: September 2014

Objective

To examine mortality and hospitalisations among infant twins and singletons after the perinatal period in Guinea‐Bissau.

Methods

The study was conducted from September 2009 to November 2012 by the Bandim Health Project (BHP). Newborn twins and unmatched singleton controls were included at the National Hospital Simão Mendes in the capital Bissau. Children were examined clinically at enrolment. Maternal, pregnancy and obstetric information was collected and HIV testing offered at birth. Follow‐up occurred at home at 2, 6 and 12 months and through linkage with the paediatric admission register at the National Hospital.

Results

About 495 twins and 333 singletons were alive on day 7 after birth. In total, 36 twins and 12 singletons died during follow‐up, the post‐perinatal infant mortality rate being 91/1000 person‐years for twins and 42/1000 for singletons (HR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.09–4.07). In a multivariable analysis among twins only, birth weight <2000 g [3.32, (1.36–8.07)], death of the cotwin perinatally [2.54, (1.16–5.57)] and severe maternal illness during pregnancy [2.35, (1.00–5.51)] were significant risk factors for twin death. In the subgroup with available HIV status, maternal HIV infection was strongly associated with twin mortality [3.16, (1.24–8.05)]. Death occurred at home for 60% of twins and 67% of singletons. During follow‐up, 90 first‐time hospital admissions were registered, with similar rates observed for twins (139/1000) and singletons (143/1000) [0.97, (0.61–1.52)].

Conclusion

The post‐perinatal infant mortality rate of twins was double that of singletons. No excess in twin hospitalisations was observed, possibly implying obstacles to hospital admission for twins in case of severe illness.
SpatTrack: An Imaging Toolbox for Analysis of Vesicle Motility and Distribution in Living Cells
Authors: Lund Frederik W. , Jensen Maria Louise V. , Christensen Tanja , Nielsen Gitte K. , Heegaard Christian W. , Wüstner Daniel
Published: September 2014

The endocytic pathway is a complex network of highly dynamic organelles, which has been traditionally studied by quantitative fluorescence microscopy. The data generated by this method can be overwhelming and its analysis, even for the skilled microscopist, is tedious and error‐prone. We developed SpatTrack, an open source, platform‐independent program collecting a variety of methods for analysis of vesicle dynamics and distribution in living cells. SpatTrack performs 2D particle tracking, trajectory analysis and fitting of diffusion models to the calculated mean square displacement. It allows for spatial analysis of detected vesicle patterns including calculation of the radial distribution function and particle‐based colocalization. Importantly, all analysis tools are supported by Monte Carlo simulations of synthetic images. This allows the user to assess the reliability of the analysis and to study alternative scenarios. We demonstrate the functionality of SpatTrack by performing a detailed imaging study of internalized fluorescence‐tagged Niemann Pick C2 (NPC2) protein in human disease fibroblasts. Using SpatTrack, we show that NPC2 rescued the cholesterol‐storage phenotype from a subpopulation of late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/LYSs). This was paralleled by repositioning and active transport of NPC2‐containing vesicles to the cell surface. The potential of SpatTrack for other applications in intracellular transport studies will be discussed.
Copper Directs ATP7B to the Apical Domain of Hepatic Cells via Basolateral Endosomes
Authors: Nyasae Lydia K. , Schell Michael J. , Hubbard Ann L.
Published: September 2014

Physiologic Cu levels regulate the intracellular location of the Cu ATPase ATP7B. Here, we determined the routes of Cu‐directed trafficking of endogenous ATP7B in the polarized hepatic cell line WIF‐B and in the liver in vivo. Copper (10 µm) caused ATP7B to exit the trans‐Golgi network (TGN) in vesicles, which trafficked via large basolateral endosomes to the apical domain within 1 h. Although perturbants of luminal acidification had little effect on the TGN localization of ATP7B in low Cu, they blocked delivery to the apical membrane in elevated Cu. If the vesicular proton‐pump inhibitor bafilomycin‐A1 (Baf) was present with Cu, ATP7B still exited the TGN, but accumulated in large endosomes located near the coverslip, in the basolateral region. Baf washout restored ATP7B trafficking to the apical domain. If ATP7B was staged apically in high Cu, Baf addition promoted the accumulation of ATP7B in subapical endosomes, indicating a blockade of apical recycling, with concomitant loss of ATP7B at the apical membrane. The retrograde pathway to the TGN, induced by Cu removal, was far less affected by Baf than the anterograde (Cu‐stimulated) case. Overall, loss of acidification‐impaired Cu‐regulated trafficking of ATP7B at two main sites: (i) sorting and exit from large basolateral endosomes and (ii) recycling via endosomes near the apical membrane.
Phospholipid Synthesis and Transport in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Vance Jean E.
Published: September 2014

This article summarizes the pathways and sites of biosynthesis of the major mammalian phospholipids. Mechanisms proposed for the inter‐organelle transport of phospholipids within mammalian cells are discussed including transport via spontaneous monomer diffusion, cytosolic phospholipid transfer proteins, vesicular transport and non‐vesicular transport of phospholipids between organelles via membrane contact sites, including the movement of phospholipids from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria via mitochondria‐associated membranes.
Human Rabies Post‐Exposure Prophylaxis and Animal Rabies in Ontario, Canada, 2001–2012
Authors: Middleton D. , Johnson K. O. , Rosatte R. C. , Hobbs J. L. , Moore S. R. , Rosella L. , Crowcroft N. S.
Published: September 2014

In Ontario, Canada, the implementation of an annual rabies control programme in wildlife that began in 1989 resulted in a marked, steady decrease in the number of animal rabies cases. The number of animal rabies cases decreased from 1870 in 1989 to 183 in 2000 (Nunan et al., 2002 Emerg Infect Dis 8, 214). In our study period, the number of animal rabies cases continued to decrease from 210 in 2001 to 28 in 2012. The marked decrease in animal rabies cases since 1989 has resulted in a decrease in the risk of human infection. A concomitant decrease in the number of rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis (RPEP) administered was anticipated but failed to occur. The mean rate of RPEP, 13.9 RPEP administered per 100 000 persons, from 2001–2012 was approximately the same as the rate in the 1990s. Two possible reasons that the rate of RPEP administration has not decreased include strict adherence to RPEP recommendations and administration of RPEP when it is not recommended. A reduction in the number of RPEP administered, consistent with the decrease in the animal rabies cases, would provide some financial savings for the government. Ideally, an increased use of the risk assessment approach in keeping with recent guidelines, rather than adhering to previous prescriptive recommendations for RPEP administration, coupled with a continuing low incidence of animal rabies cases will result in decreased, and yet appropriate, use of RPEP. Consideration should be given to identify how guidelines could be revised to more effectively target high‐risk exposures and reduce the administration of RPEP for instances in which the risk of rabies virus exposure is exceedingly low.
Tick Bite Prophylaxis: Results From a 2012 Survey of Healthcare Providers
Authors: Perea A. E. , Hinckley A. F. , Mead P. S.
Published: September 2014

In a recent national survey, over 30% of healthcare providers (HCPs) reported prescribing tick bite prophylaxis in the previous year. To clarify provider practices, we surveyed HCPs to determine how frequently and for what reasons they prescribed tick bite prophylaxis. We included four questions regarding tick bite prophylaxis in the DocStyles 2012 survey, a computer‐administered questionnaire of 2205 US primary care physicians, paediatricians and nurse practitioners. Responses in 14 states with high Lyme disease incidence (high LDI) were compared with responses from other states (low LDI). Overall, 56.4% of 1485 providers reported prescribing tick bite prophylaxis at least once in the previous year, including 73.9% of HCPs in high LDI and 48.2% in low LDI states. The reasons given were ‘to prevent Lyme disease’ (76.9%), ‘patients request it’ (40.4%) and ‘to prevent other tickborne diseases’ (29.4%). Among HCPs who provided prophylaxis, 45.2% did so despite feeling that it was not indicated. Given a hypothetical scenario involving a patient with an attached tick, 38.1% of HCPs from high LDI states and 15.1% from low LDI states would prescribe a single dose of doxycycline; 19.0% from high LDI states and 27.5% from low LDI states would prescribe a full course of doxycycline. HCPs prescribe tick bite prophylaxis frequently in areas where Lyme disease is rare and for tickborne diseases for which it has not been shown effective. HCPs may be unaware of current tick bite prophylaxis guidelines or find them difficult to implement. More information is needed regarding the efficacy of tick bite prophylaxis for diseases other than Lyme disease.
Dogs Entering the United States from Rabies‐Endemic Countries, 2011–2012
Authors: Sinclair J. R. , Washburn F. , Fox S. , Lankau E. W.
Published: September 2014

International dog imports pose a risk because of the potential movement of disease agents, including the canine rabies virus variant which has been eliminated from the United States since 2007. US regulations require a rabies vaccination certificate for dogs arriving from rabies‐endemic countries, but permit the importation of dogs that have not been adequately immunized against rabies, provided that the dogs are confined under conditions that restrict their contact with humans and other animals until they have been immunized. CDC Form 75.37, ‘Notice to Owners and Importers of Dogs’, explains the confinement requirements and serves as a binding confinement agreement with the importer. In this evaluation, we describe the characteristics of unimmunized dogs imported into the United States over a 1‐year period based upon dog confinement agreements recorded at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) quarantine stations. Confinement agreements were issued for nearly 2800 unimmunized dogs that entered the United States during 1 June 2011–31 May 2012, the majority of which travelled to the United States by air and without any seasonal pattern in import volume. Over 60% of these animals were puppies <3 months of age and included a wide variety of breeds. The dogs arrived from 81 countries, with the majority arriving from North America or Europe. Dogs placed on confinement agreements had final destinations in 49 states. California, New York, Texas, Washington and Florida received the largest number of dogs on confinement agreements. These results (which do not reflect human travel or US dog ownership data) suggest that a large portion of unimmunized dogs arrive from rabies‐endemic countries for commercial, shelter and rescue purposes. Further evaluation and key stakeholder involvement are needed to assess whether the current dog importation regulations are an adequate compromise between the benefits and risks of dog importation.
A Simple Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation for Thin Beams With Large Deformations and Large Rotations
Authors: Ren Hui
Published: September 2014

A simple but effective formulation of beams with large deformation and large rotation is derived from the principles of continuum mechanics. Proper assumptions are imposed, and the beam strain tensors are formulated from the Green strain tensors. The mass matrix is constant, and the elastic forces and the stiffness matrix entries are polynomials of the generalized coordinates, so numerical quadratures are not required in each time step of simulation, which makes the current approach much more superior in numerical efficiency than other formulations. The shape of the cross sections can be arbitrary, either uniform or nonuniform, and the beam can be either straight or curved. The generalized free of traction assumption ensures the strains in the cross section and the beam strains are independent, which resolves the Possion's locking issue and renders this approach can be accurately applied to general composite material beams. The elastic line approach (ELA) in the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) can be derived from the current formulation.
Effects of Operating Conditions on Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Performance Using Nafion-Based Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Jessie Lue Shingjiang , Hsu Wei-Luen , Chao Chen-Yu , Mahesh K. P. O.
Published: September 2014

Systematic experiments were carried out to study the effects of various operating conditions on the performances of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) using Nafion 117 and its modified membranes. The cell performance was studied as a function of cell operating temperature, methanol concentration, methanol flow rate, oxygen flow rate, and methanol-to-oxygen stoichiometric ratio. The experimental results revealed that the most significant factor was the temperature, increasing the cell performance from 50 to 80 °C. We achieved the maximum power density (Pmax) of 86.4 mW cm−2 for a DMFC at 80 °C fed with 1 M methanol (flow rate of 2 ml min−1) and humidified oxygen (80 ml min−1). A methanol concentration of 1 M gave much better performance than using 3 M of methanol solution. The oxygen and methanol flow rates with the same stoichiometric ratio had a beneficial effect on cell performance up to certain values, beyond which further increase in flow rate had limited effect. The Voc using argon plasma-modified Nafion was higher than the pristine Nafion membrane for the cell operated on 3 M methanol solution, which was due to the lower methanol permeability of the Ar-modified Nafion.
Experimental Investigation of Coil Curvature Effect on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Shell and Coil Heat Exchanger
Authors: Salem M. R. , Elshazly K. M. , Sakr R. Y. , Ali R. K.
Published: September 2014

The present work experimentally investigates the characteristics of convective heat transfer in horizontal shell and coil heat exchangers in addition to friction factor for fully developed flow through the helically coiled tube (HCT). The majority of previous studies were performed on HCTs with isothermal and isoflux boundary conditions or shell and coil heat exchangers with small ranges of HCT configurations and fluid operating conditions. Here, five heat exchangers of counter-flow configuration were constructed with different HCT-curvature ratios (δ) and tested at different mass flow rates and inlet temperatures of the two sides of the heat exchangers. Totally, 295 test runs were performed from which the HCT-side and shell-side heat transfer coefficients were calculated. Results showed that the average Nusselt numbers of the two sides of the heat exchangers and the overall heat transfer coefficients increased by increasing coil curvature ratio. The average increase in the average Nusselt number is of 160.3–80.6% for the HCT side and of 224.3–92.6% for the shell side when δ increases from 0.0392 to 0.1194 within the investigated ranges of different parameters. Also, for the same flow rate in both heat exchanger sides, the effect of coil pitch and number of turns with the same coil torsion and tube length is remarkable on shell average Nusselt number while it is insignificant on HCT-average Nusselt number. In addition, a significant increase of 33.2–7.7% is obtained in the HCT-Fanning friction factor (fc) when δ increases from 0.0392 to 0.1194. Correlations for the average Nusselt numbers for both heat exchanger sides and the HCT Fanning friction factor as a function of the investigated parameters are obtained.
An Approach to Determining the Unknown Twist/Wrench Subspaces of Lower Mobility Serial Kinematic Chains
Authors: Huang Tian , Yang Shuofei , Wang Manxin , Sun Tao , Chetwynd Derek G.
Published: September 2014

Mainly drawing on screw theory and linear algebra, this paper presents an approach to determining the bases of three unknown twist and wrench subspaces of lower mobility serial kinematic chains, an essential step for kinematic and dynamic modeling of both serial and parallel manipulators. By taking the reciprocal product of a wrench on a twist as a linear functional, the underlying relationships among their subspaces are reviewed by means of the dual space and dual basis. Given the basis of a twist subspace of permissions, the causes of nonuniqueness in the bases of the other three subspaces are discussed in some depth. Driven by needs from engineering design, criteria, and a procedure are proposed that enable pragmatic, consistent bases of these subspaces to be determined in a meaningful, visualizable, and effective manner. Three typical examples are given to illustrate the entire process. Then, formulas are presented for the bases of the twist/wrench subspaces of a number of commonly used serial kinematic chains, which can readily be employed for the formulation of the generalized Jacobian of a variety of lower mobility parallel manipulators.
Sensitization of a Transition-Sensitive Linear Eddy-Viscosity Model to Rotation and Curvature Effects
Authors: Chitta Varun , Dhakal Tej P. , Keith Walters D.
Published: September 2014

A new scalar eddy-viscosity turbulence model is proposed, designed to exhibit physically correct responses to flow transition, streamline curvature, and system rotation effects. The eddy-viscosity model (EVM) developed herein is based on the k–ω framework and employs four transport equations. The transport equation for a structural variable (v2) from a curvature-sensitive Shear Stress Transport (SST) k–ω–v2 model, analogous to the transverse turbulent velocity scale, is added to the three-equation transition-sensitive k–kL–ω model. The physical effects of rotation and curvature (RC) enter the model through the added transport equation. The new model is implemented into a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver and is tested on a number of flow problems involving flow transition and streamline curvature effects. The results obtained from the test cases presented here are compared with available experimental data and several other Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) based turbulence models. For the cases tested, the new model successfully resolves both flow transition and streamline curvature effects with reasonable engineering accuracy, for only a small increase in computational cost. The results suggest that the model has potential as a practical tool for the prediction of flow transition and curvature effects over blunt bodies.
Reflections on Being a Neophyte Sport Psychologist in the Media: Conversations With My Younger Self
Authors: Lindsay Pete , Thomas Owen
Published: September 2014

The mass media focus on sporting events (Kristiansen, Hanstad, & Roberts, 2011), coupled with the interest in reporting the psychological aspects of sporting performance (Jones, 2005) can place practitioners in stressful situations (Fletcher, Rumbold, Tester, & Coombes, 2011). Concerns over “misrepresentation,” “misquotation,” “misinterpretation,” and being “incorrectly reported or understood” by the media can be at odds with a practitioner’s honest desire to disseminate findings and provide informed commentaries related to the discipline. This article aims to highlight the ethical, professional and personal challenges faced by Pete Lindsay while working as the resident sport psychologist for an international television broadcaster during a World championship sporting event. The autoethnographic account provides a series of reflective fragments that were abstracted from professional development documentation, supervisory meeting records of the time, and the authors recalled reflections of when Pete undertook the role. Practical implications for the training and certification of practitioners in relation to working within the media are considered.
Coronary artery dissection after blunt chest trauma
Authors: Shamsi Fahad , Tai Javed Majid , Bokhari Saira
Published: September 2014

Blunt thoracic trauma may result in cardiac injuries ranging from simple arrhythmias to fatal cardiac rupture. Coronary artery dissection culminating in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is rare after blunt chest trauma. Here we report a case of a 37-year-old man who had an AMI secondary to coronary dissection resulting from blunt chest trauma after involvement in a physical fight.
An unusual cause of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
Authors: Monem Mohammed , Rampat Rajiv
Published: September 2014

A 67-year-old Caucasian woman presented to clinic with a 2-month history of worsening shortness of breath on exertion and a single episode of chest pain 1 week before. Her ECG in clinic showed ST elevation inferiorly and she was admitted from clinic for further investigations as inpatient. She was initiated on the acute coronary syndrome protocol and underwent emergency left heart catheterisation on the day of admission. The coronary angiogram revealed large aneurysmal dilations in the right coronary artery and left main stem. A ventriculogram showed poor left ventricular (LV) systolic function in line with subsequent transthoracic echocardiogram, which revealed her to have an left ventricular ejection-fraction (LVEF) of approximately 20%. It was agreed with the cardiothoracic surgeons to treat the aneurysms non-operatively and start low-molecular weight heparin. Furthermore the underlying biventricular impairment was treated with ACE-inhibitors, β-blockers and diuretic therapy (loop and potassium-sparing). The strategy was to prevent further thrombus formation with the aneurysmal vessels and to achieve this the patient was initiated on lifelong warfarin. Other medical risk factors were optimised and patient started on statin medication. The aneurysm was monitored with serial CTs with a view to reconsider surgical intervention if any evidence of dilation. This case highlights an unusual cause of ST elevation myocardial infarction.
A rare cause of recurrent cerebral emboli despite oral anticoagulation
Authors: Dzialowski Imanuel , Wolz Martin , Meinhardt Matthias , Waldow Thomas
Published: September 2014

We report on a patient with a history of colon carcinoma and clinical presentation of recurrent cardiac emboli despite oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation. On delayed transoesophageal echocardiography, finally a left atrial myxoma was suspected. Surgery, however, revealed a left atrial metastatic tumour with histopathological features of a colon adenocarcinoma. Metastases of colorectal adenocarcinoma invading cardiac structures are rare. Isolated literature reports describe metastatic masses detected in the right atrium reflecting natural haematogenous spreading of cancer, but none in the left heart.
Calcification and airway stenosis in a child with chondrodysplasia calcificans punctata
Authors: Goussard Pierre , Andronikou Savvas , Semakula-Katende Namakula S , Gie Robert
Published: September 2014

Calcification of the airways is rarely seen in children. A male baby was born at 34 weeks with severe respiratory distress. Intubation was difficult with severe hypercarbia after intubation. Chest radiography demonstrated calcification in the tracheobronchial tree and this was confirmed with Chest CT scan. Flexible bronchoscopy confirmed long-segment funnel tracheal stenosis with visible calcifications in the trachea and bronchi. Chondrodysplasia punctata was diagnosed based on the clinical and radiological findings.
What's wrong with this artery? A medical disease discovered by a surgeon
Authors: Singh Vasvi , Luthra Saurav , Kouides Ruth , Gadir Abdel K
Published: September 2014

A 50-year-old man presenting with chest pain had positive stress echocardiography; and angiogram showed single artery coronary stenosis, presumed to be atherosclerotic. He was started on optimal medical therapy with good compliance. Four months later, he had a myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiac catheterisation surprisingly showed interval development of severe three-vessel stenosis. He underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), during which the cardiothoracic surgeon noticed severely inflamed coronary arteries, concerning for vasculitis. Following CABG, the patient continued to have chest pain and was admitted again for MI within 4 months of surgery. Subsequent autoimmune workup was consistent with sarcoidosis. He was started on immunosuppressive therapy for presumed sarcoid-related coronary vasculitis, and 23 months later, the patient has not developed further ischaemic events. This is a rare case and extends the clinical spectrum of cardiac sarcoidosis, presenting with rapidly progressive coronary stenosis most likely due to vasculitis, mimicking atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.
Acquired progressive lymphangioma of the nipple
Authors: Alkhalili Eyas , Ayoubieh Houriya , O'Brien William , Billings Steven D
Published: September 2014

A 47-year-old woman presented with left nipple itch and discomfort. On physical examination she was found to have a 7 mm lesion. She underwent bilateral mammography and bilateral breast ultrasound which were normal. A punch biopsy of the lesion was performed in the office and the specimen submitted to pathology. Histopathological examination showed ectatic vascular spaces lined by flattened, cytologically bland endothelial cells dissecting the dermal collagen. Evident lymphatic valves were present within the vascular spaces confirming that the vessels were lymphatic in nature. The diagnosis of acquired progressive lymphangioma (benign lymphangioendothelioma) was rendered.
Acute kidney injury with hypoxic respiratory failure
Authors: Neubert Zachary , Hoffmann Paul , Owshalimpur David
Published: September 2014

A 27-year-old Caucasian man was transferred from a remote clinic with acute kidney injury for the prior 7–10 days preceded by gastroenteritis. His kidney biopsy showed non-specific mesangiopathic glomerular changes, minimal tubulointerstitial disease without sclerosis, crescents, nor evidence of vasculitis. On his third hospital day, he developed acute hypoxic respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. Pulmonary renal syndromes ranked highest on his differential diagnosis. He was extubated after 2 days of mechanical ventilation and after pulse dose steroids. His lung biopsy showed pulmonary capillaritis. Our case describes a patient with clinically appearing renopulmonary syndrome, but found to have pulmonary capillaritis, a rare form of lung disease that may also cause acute kidney injury.
Fasting and exercise differentially regulate BDNF mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Walsh Jeremy J. , Edgett Brittany A. , Tschakovsky Michael E. , Gurd Brendon J.
Published: September 2014

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression was measured in human skeletal muscle following 3 intensities of exercise and a 48-h fast. No change in BDNF mRNA was observed following exercise, while fasting upregulated BDNF by ∼3.5-fold. These changes were dissociated from changes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) following exercise (+2- to 15-fold) and fasting (∼–25%). These results challenge our understanding of the response of BDNF to energetic stress and highlight the importance of future work in this area.
Molecular phylogeny of theFusarium solanispecies complex (FSSC) isolated from soils in Iran
Authors: Chehri Khosrow
Published: September 2014

Members of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are frequently isolated from soils, food, feeds, trees, and to some extent from humans and other animals. The taxonomic status of these fungi is being revised but no attempt has been made to identify those isolated in Iran, a mountainous country with a high biodiversity. The objective of the present research was to study the phylogenetic diversity of FSSC strains recovered from soils in Iran by analyzing morphological characteristics and DNA sequences. A total of 65 strains belonging to the FSSC were recovered from agricultural soils in western Iran. Based on differences in their morphological characters, 25 strains were selected for phylogenetic analysis employing translation elongation factor-1α (tef1) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences. Comparisons of DNA sequence data revealed that all isolates belonged to Fusarium falciforme, Fusarium keratoplasticum, Fusarium petroliphilum, the unnamed species FSSC 5, and unknown species of Fusarium, which represents a new lineage within members of Clade 3. Based on morphological features and phylogenetic study, F. keratoplasticum and F. petroliphilum were reported for the first time in Iran.
Cooperative effects in hydrogen bond and pnicogen bond: a comparative study
Authors: Esrafili Mehdi D. , Mohammadian-Sabet Fariba
Published: September 2014

A comparative study of the cooperative effects of hydrogen and pnicogen bonding on open-chain clusters of (PH2CN)n=2–7and (HCN)n=2–7is performed at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. These effects are studied in terms of geometric and energetic properties, electron density analysis, and15N chemical shielding parameters of the clusters at the MP2/6-311++G** level. The intermolecular distances observed in the (HCN)nclusters exhibit quite larger bond contractions than those found in the (PH2CN)nclusters. Our results strongly suggest that cooperative effects induced by pnicogen and hydrogen bonds are significant in both linear PH2CN and HCN clusters, respectively. They also provide some evidence that these effects seem to reach a limit for a relatively small number of monomers. The n-dependent variation in the15N chemical shielding tensor should serve as a useful signature of cooperativity effects in the PH2CN and HCN clusters.
Reforestation and slope-position effects on nitrogen, phosphorus pools, and carbon stability of various soil aggregates in a red soil hilly land of subtropical China
Authors: Zou Li-Qun , Chen Fu-Sheng , Duncan David S. , Fang Xiang-Min , Wang Huimin
Published: September 2014

The impact of slope position on forest restoration processes may dominate the interaction among topsoil aggregates, nutrients, and organic carbon (C) stability following reforestation on degraded hilly land. Six paired plots of shrubland and Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) plantation reforested on shrubland were selected at different positions along a 25° slope in subtropical China. Soil and ecosystem nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and organic C stocks were quantified using a combination of excavation, harvest, and modeling methods. Carbon stability in differently sized soil aggregates was measured using dry sieving and closed-jar alkali-absorption methods. Reforestation increased total ecosystem C, N, and P stocks, but did not alter soil C and P stocks, and decreased N stocks at 0–75 cm soil depth by 18%. The shift from shrubland to forests increased organic C stability for various soil aggregates, particularly with a mean increase of 34% and 30% at lower and middle slope positions, respectively. The slope-position effect was largely attributable to the increased mean mass diameter of soil aggregates and the reduced organic C mineralization potential in larger soil aggregates relative to smaller soil aggregates. Soil aggregates had more stable organic C in forests than in shrubland due to increase in the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) and carbon to phosphorus (C/P) ratios with reforestation. Slope position influenced restoration effectiveness in the red soil hilly region.
a – c test of holography versus quantum renormalization group
Authors: Nakayama Yu
Published: September 2014

We show that a "constructive derivation" of the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence based on the quantum local renormalization group in large-N quantum field theories consistently provides the a – c holographic Weyl anomaly in d = 4 at the curvature squared order in the bulk action. The consistency of the construction further predicts the form of the metric beta function.
FP-LAPW investigation of the structural, electronic and thermodynamic properties of Al3Ta compound
Authors: Boulechfar R. , Meradji H. , Chouahda Z. , Ghemid S. , Drablia S. , Khenata R.
Published: September 2014

The phase stability and electronic properties in Al 3 Ta compound are studied using the FP-LAPW method. In this approach, the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) is used for the exchange-correlation potential calculation. The total energy calculations show that the D 022 structure is more stable than that of D 023 and L1 2. The densities of states exhibit a pseudo gap near the Fermi level for all considered structures. By analyzing the electronic charge density we find a build-up of electrons in the interstitial region, and the bonds are directed from the Ta atoms to the Al atoms, which is the characteristic of covalent bonding. The temperature and pressure effects on the structural parameters, Debye temperature, Grüneisen parameter, heat capacities (Cv, Cp) and thermal expansion are predicted through the quasi-harmonic Debye model.
Nanoscale dielectric measurements from electrostatic force microscopy
Authors: Kumar Bharat , Crittenden Scott R.
Published: September 2014

Electrostatic force microscopy has evolved as a standard tool for electrical characterization of surfaces with high lateral resolution. Key to its success is an accurate and informative model of the cantilever capacitance. In this brief review, we summarize the progress made in the dielectric characterization of surfaces using electrostatic force microscopy and discuss the development of various models to analytically describe the capacitive forces between the cantilever tip and sample. We include a discussion of the recent extension of these measurements to the liquid environment.
Architecture Support for Flexible Business Chain Integration Using Protocol Adaptors
Authors: Seguel Ricardo , Eshuis Rik , Grefen Paul
Published: September 2014

Business chains increasingly rely on the dynamic integration of business processes of different partners. The interaction constraints that result from the business processes are captured in business protocols. Since the business protocols of each partner support its own way of working, the business protocols can easily mismatch, which hinders organizations from forming a business chain. Such mismatches can be resolved by protocol adaptors. In this paper, we show how protocol adaptors can be used to enable the flexible formation of business chains. For different types of business chains, we present formation cases that describe which partners are responsible for the construction and operation of protocol adaptors. Next, we present for each formation case an accompanying concrete software architecture that realizes the case. The presented software architectures support the flexible formation of business chains and use protocol adaptation as a key component. We show the feasibility of the approach by discussing a prototype implementation, which we apply to a case study from the healthcare domain.
A center-stable manifold for the energy-critical wave equation in ℝ3 in the symmetric setting
Authors: Beceanu Marius
Published: September 2014

Consider the focusing semilinear wave equation in ℝ3 with energy-critical nonlinearity [Formula: see text] This equation admits stationary solutions of the form [Formula: see text] called solitons, which solve the elliptic equation [Formula: see text] Restricting ourselves to the space of symmetric solutions ψ for which ψ(x) = ψ(-x), we find a local center-stable manifold, in a neighborhood of ϕ(x, 1), for this wave equation in the weighted Sobolev space [Formula: see text] Solutions with initial data on the manifold exist globally in time for t ≥ 0, depend continuously on initial data, preserve energy, and can be written as the sum of a rescaled soliton and a dispersive radiation term. The proof is based on a new class of reverse Strichartz estimates, recently introduced by Beceanu and Goldberg and adapted here to the case of Hamiltonians with a resonance.
Causal geometry of rough Einstein CMCSH spacetime
Authors: Wang Qian
Published: September 2014

This is the second (and last) part of a series in which we consider very rough solutions to Cauchy problem for the Einstein vacuum equations in constant mean curvature and spatial harmonic (CMCSH) gauge, and we obtain a local well-posedness result in Hs with s > 2. The novelty of our approach lies in that, without resorting to the standard paradifferential regularization over the rough Einstein metric g, we manage to implement the commuting vector field approach and prove a Strichartz estimate for the geometric wave equation □g ϕ = 0 in a direct manner. This direct treatment would not work without gaining sufficient regularity on the background geometry. In this paper, we analyze the geometry of null hypersurfaces in rough Einstein spacetimes in terms of Hs data. We provide an integral control on the spatial supremum of the connection coefficients [Formula: see text], ζ, which is crucially tied to the Strichartz estimates established in the first part.
A note on strong solutions to the variational kinetic equation for scalar conservation laws
Authors: Perepelitsa Misha
Published: September 2014

We consider a variational kinetic formulation for weak, entropy solutions of scalar conservation laws due to Brenier. The solutions in this formulation are represented by a kinetic density function Y that solves a differential inclusion ∂tY ∈ -A(Y) = -∂vf ⋅ ∇xY -∂ IK(Y), where IK is the indicator function of a closed, convex cone K. Under a certain "non-degeneracy" condition we determine a maximal monotone extension of A and use it to prove the existence of strong and weak solutions of the differential inclusion for a general, possibly degenerate, flux ∂vf(v). Furthermore, we discuss several properties of strong solutions.
Entropy dissipation of moving mesh adaptation
Authors: Lukáčová-Medvid'ová Mária , Sfakianakis Nikolaos
Published: September 2014

Non-uniform grids and mesh adaptation have become an important part of numerical approximations of differential equations over the past decades. It has been experimentally noted that mesh adaptation leads not only to locally improved solution but also to numerical stability of the underlying method. In this paper we consider nonlinear conservation laws and provide a method to perform the analysis of the moving mesh adaptation method, including both the mesh reconstruction and evolution of the solution. We moreover employ this method to extract sufficient conditions — on the adaptation of the mesh — that stabilize a numerical scheme in the sense of the entropy dissipation.
Combustion Model and Control Parameter Optimization Methods for Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
Authors: Wahono Bambang , Ogai Harutoshi
Published: September 2014

This research presents a method to construct a combustion model and a method to optimize some control parameters of diesel engine in order to develop a model-based control system. The construction purpose of the model is to appropriately manage some control parameters to obtain the values of fuel consumption and emission as the engine output objectives. Stepwise method considering multicollinearity was applied to construct combustion model with the polynomial model. Using the experimental data of a single cylinder diesel engine, the model of power, BSFC,NOx, and soot on multiple injection diesel engines was built. The proposed method succesfully developed the model that describes control parameters in relation to the engine outputs. Although many control devices can be mounted to diesel engine, optimization technique is required to utilize this method in finding optimal engine operating conditions efficiently beside the existing development of individual emission control methods. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to calculate control parameters to optimize fuel consumption and emission based on the model. The proposed method is able to calculate control parameters efficiently to optimize evaluation item based on the model. Finally, the model which added PSO then was compiled in a microcontroller.
Process and Product in Cross-Cultural Treatment Research: Development of a Culturally Sensitive Women-Centered Substance Use Intervention in Georgia
Authors: Jones Hendrée E. , Kirtadze Irma , Otiashvili David , O’Grady Kevin E. , Murphy Keryn , Zule William , Krupitsky Evgeny , Wechsberg Wendee M.
Published: September 2014

Women who inject drugs (WID) are highly marginalized and stigmatized and experience ongoing discrimination in Georgia. Few opportunities exist for WID to receive publicly funded treatment for substance use disorders. The IMEDI (Investigating Methods for Enhancing Development in Individuals) project was developed in response to the need for women-specific and women-centered treatment services. This paper described our approach to understanding the Georgian culture—and WID within that culture—so that we could integrate two interventions for substance use found effective in other Western and non-Western cultures and to outline how we refined and adapted our integrated intervention to yield a comprehensive women-centered intervention for substance use. Reinforcement Based Treatment (RBT) and the Women’s CoOp (WC) were adapted and refined based on in-depth interviews with WID (N=55) and providers of health services (N=34) to such women and focus groups [2 with WID (N=15) and 2 with health service providers (N=12)]. The resulting comprehensive women-centered intervention, RBT+WC, was then pretested and further refined in a sample of 20 WID. Results indicated positive pre-post changes in urine screening results and perceived needs for both RBT+WC and a case management control condition. The approach to treatment adaptation and the revised elements of RBT+WC are presented and discussed.
Locomotion and Functional Spine Morphology of the Heart UrchinBrisaster fragilis, with Comparisons toB. latifrons
Authors: Walker Danielle E. , Gagnon Jean-Marc
Published: September 2014

The heart urchinBrisaster fragilisis an important bioturbator found in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. Several adaptations allow it to move within fine sediments (e.g., test shape, spine morphology, and distribution), which are compared here to those of its Pacific sibling speciesB. latifrons. While ventral spatulate spines and dorsal and anterolateral curvilinear spines are similar between the two species, anterior spines differ significantly: sigmoid-shaped forB. fragilisand curvilinear forB. latifrons. This morphological difference, in addition to a narrower plastron forB. fragilis, suggests a different digging strategy.In situvideo observations ofB. fragilisshow a “dig and move” strategy: anterior spines “dig” forward at the sediment while the plastron spines “move” the urchin into the newly created space.B. latifronson the other hand uses an oblique rocking motion. This suggests that generalizations derived from one or few species displaying similar body shapes may not be possible. Factors such as sediment depth (i.e., the amount of sediment above the urchin) are likely to affect movement and force the animal to employ a different digging strategy, even within a single species. The role of spines for locomotion is further discussed, with additional reference to tubercle morphology.
Pedicled Anterior Lateral Thigh Flap in Managing a Bilateral Groin Contracture
Authors: Nangole Ferdinand , Biribwa Peter , Khainga Stanley
Published: September 2014

A fifteen-year-old female patient presented with a severe bilateral groin contracture for the last 8 years. She had sustained burns at the age of seven years. Three attempts to release the contracture with split thickness skin grafts had been done without success. A pedicled anterior lateral thigh flap was raised and advanced into the defect after the contracture had been released. Postoperatively the patient healed well without any complications and was able to achieve hip abduction of about 130 degrees.
Perturbation of the Hematopoietic Profile by Anabolic Androgenic Steroids
Authors: Mullen Jenny Erkander , Gårevik Nina , Schulze Jenny J. , Rane Anders , Björkhem Bergman Linda , Ekström Lena
Published: September 2014

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the hematopoietic profile in AAS abusers, during or short after their last abuse and approximately six months later. Moreover, we studied if supraphysiological doses of testosterone influence the concentration of hemoglobin and erythropoietin in healthy volunteers. Design and Methods. Subjects (N=31) were recruited through an antidoping hotline. The hematological profile was measured when the subjects entered the study and approximately 6 months later. Testosterone enanthate (500 mg) was administered to healthy volunteers (N=24). Gene expression was studied in human hek293 cells exposed to 1 μM testosterone. Results. Decreased levels of hemoglobin, erythrocyte volume fraction, and erythrocyte counts were observed after 6 months without the use of AAS. Results in volunteers show that hemoglobin increased 3% four and 15 days after testosterone administration, whereas EPO was significantly increased by 38% four days after dose. Agreeingly, in vitro study shows that testosterone induces the mRNA level of EPO with 65% after 24-hour exposure. Conclusion. These results indicate that supraphysiological doses of testosterone may cause a perturbation in the hematopoietic profile. This is of interest in relation to the adverse cardiovascular effects observed in AAS abusers.