bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Supply Chain Decision and Management under Manufacturer’s Fairness Concern and Risk Aversion
Authors: Cao Kai , Mei Yanlan
Published: November 2022

This study focuses on the impact of a supply chain manufacturer’s fairness concern and risk aversion on the green supply chain and constructs a two-level green supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer. It compares three models: the manufacturer is a risk-neutral and fair-neutral, the manufacturer is a risk-averse and fair-neutral, and the manufacturer is a risk-averse and fair-concerned decision maker. In three cases, this paper examines how the manufacturer’s risk aversion and fairness concerns the impact product green level, retail price, and the wholesale price in the green supply chain. Consumers are sensitive to pricing strategies and product green level. The results are as follows: the manufacturer’s risk aversion leads to an increase in the retailer’s profit, and the manufacturer’s profit decreases with the increase in the risk aversion coefficient. Second, when demand meets certain conditions and the manufacturer has advantageous fairness concerns, the manufacturer benefits from fairness concerns, the retailer’s profit decreases with the manufacturer’s fairness concerns coefficient, and the manufacturer’s risk aversion will lead to a decline in the product green level. Third, when the manufacturer believes that the risk is relatively large, they reduce the technology investment of green products; thus, the fairness concerns of the manufacturer will affect the investment of green products and increase the green level of products. For enterprises: When supply chain members face various risks, they need to consider the specific needs of consumers and other members’ behavioral preferences. They can put forward a more scientific prediction of market demand and rational decision making. For customers: they should not only pay attention to changes in market prices, but should also pay attention to changes in the behavioral preferences of supply chain members, as customers are in line with their own interests based on the choice of high-quality green production.
Identifying the Value Co-Creation Model and Upgrading Path of Manufacturing Enterprises from the Value Network Perspective
Authors: Li Gang , Wu Jiayi , Li Ning
Published: November 2022

The servitization of manufacturing enterprises has two main directions: production servitization and product servitization. The value co-creation model describes the transformation process of servitization of manufacturing enterprises; it is far more complex than that of service enterprises, and requires more in-depth research. This paper explores the value co-creation model and upgrading path based on the servitization of manufacturing enterprises, based on the idea that the value network supported by information technology has become a vital support for the servitization value co-creation of manufacturing enterprises. Referring to the degree of servitization of manufacturing enterprises and the degree of integration of complementary resources among value network members, we explore the value co-creation model between manufacturing enterprises and each network subject. We obtain four models: double-low model, servitization leading model, resource complementary leading model, and double-high model. We then clarify the characteristics, scope of application, advantages, and disadvantages of each model, and the means of value creation. We also apply the rough set method to empirically test the feasibility of the classification parameters of the value co-creation model and the accuracy of the classification rules, using Chinese listed and non-listed manufacturing enterprises as a sample. The findings provide a theoretical reference and practical guidance for manufacturing enterprises to achieve sustainable development and determine the upgrade path of the value co-creation model.
Contribution of Active Controlled Atmosphere (CA) Technology to the Value-Chain of Perishable Fruits and to Rural Development: Case of Atemoya in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Chun-Ta , Huang Wen-Hung , Dy Kenneth Bicol , Chang Ching-Cheng , Hsu Shih-Hsun
Published: November 2022

Atemoya is an important tropical fruit export for Taiwan, mainly produced in Taitung, a rural area of South-Eastern Taiwan. However, it was sold to virtually a single market—China—and when that market suddenly announced an import ban on the fruit in 2021, the rural farmers and the local economy were adversely affected. They had to quickly explore new overseas markets. Unfortunately, its short postharvest life makes it infeasible for long-distance transport. This study measured the impacts of the ban on the local economy using an input-output (IO) analysis. It also tested the technical feasibility of using a controlled atmosphere (CA) preservation technology, which was necessary for long-distance exports. The benefits of this strategy for the rural economy were also assessed using IO techniques. Results reveal that the atemoya value chain accounted for 2.12% of the production value, 2.75% of the value-added, and 3.62% of the employment in Taitung. Furthermore, the CA technology successfully doubled its postharvest life; thereby allowing exports to countries as far as Canada, and easing the impacts of the earlier ban. This development, together with facilitating domestic sales, boosted the local economy’s output value by NTD 491 million and its value-added by NTD 237 million. In addition, it can also increase rural employment by 2235 people. Using a smart agriculture technology in this case protected a perishable fruit industry that has a thin domestic market, from the risk of relying only on a single export destination. Consequently, this has supported the sustainability of rural communities and helped them to remain resilient.
Numerical Simulation Study on Mechanical Characteristics and Width Optimization of Narrow Coal Pillar in Gob-Side Coal Seam Tunnel
Authors: Zhao Pengxiang , Zhang Wenjin , Li Shugang , Chang Zechen , Lu Yajie , Cao Congying , Shi Yu , Jia Yongyong , Lou Fang , Wei Zongyong , Liu Jun
Published: November 2022

To investigate the influence of coal pillar width on the stress variation of narrow coal pillar (NCP) in the gob-side tunnel in an inclined thick coal seam, theoretical analysis, numerical modeling, and field monitoring are performed to determine the optimal width of the narrow coal pillars in inclined coal seams. The mechanical characteristics of the NCP for varying widths were investigated. Furthermore, vertical and horizontal stress were calculated for various widths of the NCP. The results revealed that with the rise in the width, the vertical stress initially increased dramatically and then stabilized, whereas the mean horizontal stress increased gradually. The mathematical relation between stress and NCP widths was represented by two fitting equations. The evolution process of the plastic zone in the NCP under various widths and the damage form of various widths were obtained; that is, when the width was small, the position of the roadway near the shoulder corner of NCP was inclined to the top of NCP. The field monitoring data revealed that the optimum NCP width was 4 m. This NCP width could stabilize the roadway and improve the loss prevention of the NCP at the gob-side tunnel of similar mines.
Climate Change Perceptions and Adaptation Strategies: A Mixed Methods Study with Subsistence Farmers in Rural Peru
Authors: Landaverde Rafael , Rodriguez Mary T. , Niewoehner-Green Jera , Kitchel Tracy , Chuquillanqui Jaqueline
Published: November 2022

In Peru, subsistence farmers experience firsthand the direct and indirect impacts of climate change (CC). To understand how farmers adapt their livelihoods to climatic variability, this mixed methods study explored their perceptions and climate adaptability strategies implemented in Huayhuay, Peru. Twenty farmers participated in semi-structured interviews, and 103 completed a survey questionnaire. The results indicated that most farmers perceive changes in temperature, precipitation, and drought that negatively affect agricultural production and local natural resources. To deal with CC, farmers are implementing twenty-six climate adaptation strategies. Diversifying agricultural products and practices, and exploring new economic activities were adaptability strategies identified in this study that the literature has previously documented as having positive implications for agricultural livelihoods. However, some farmers reported that adaptability strategies are failed attempts at local climate action. The results, along with the adaptability literature, revealed that farmers implement locally accessible adaptability strategies based on their climate variability perceptions. Therefore, this study recommends exploring CC perceptions and adaptability strategies with a site-based approach. It is also recommended that future research, local climate planning, and action must focus on the efficiency and inclusiveness of strategies rather than their frequency or levels of adoption. Finally, strengthening the technical capacities and knowledge of CC among subsistence farmers must be a priority for authorities and practitioners in Huayhuay, Peru.
Multicriteria Decision Making and Its Application in Geothermal Power Project
Authors: Tuyet Nhi Thai Hoang , Wang Chia-Nan , Thanh Nguyen Van
Published: November 2022

The International Energy Agency (IEA) assesses Vietnam as the second largest electricity user in Southeast Asia. The energy consumption growth rate in the region is one of the fastest in the world, with demand growing at a steady 6% per year for the past 20 years. Within the context that domestic fossil fuel production cannot keep up with demand and climate change is occurring, to avoid depending on imported energy to operate the power system, the Government of Vietnam has turned to developing renewable energy. The potential for developing geothermal energy in Vietnam is promising with more than 200 sources of water around 40 to 100 °C, which is sufficient for the development of geothermal energy projects. Today, a method to conserve natural resources and invest in renewable energy is provided by the government by controlling the importation of gas and coal while investing in building geothermal power plants. One of the hardest problems, however, is determining a suitable place to construct a geothermal power plant (GPP). For this main reason, in the hope of solving this problem, the author has proposed a decision-making model that utilizes a fuzzy set under multi-criteria conditions. It uses two methods, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) followed by Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS), for a GPP site selection decision. The FAHP model is first used to determine the weights of each criterion and sub-criterion. Then, the ranking of each alternative is calculated by the WASPAS model. A final alternative is determined to be the best solution based on calculations from the methods above for identifying suitable locations for a GPP. This research has contributed a method of using a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model for determining a suitable location selection. This contribution also shows a development of flexibility towards decision making for other renewable energy projects worldwide.
Climate Change Impacts and Challenges of Combating Food Insecurity in Rural Somkhele, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Leonard Llewellyn
Published: November 2022

Climate change poses immense challenges for food security in most developing countries. The extent to which residents are able to reduce their impact on food resources and adapt to climate change will have implications for their livelihoods. Although climate change research has explored adaptation strategies to mitigate the negative effects on food security, empirical work on how climate change affects rural household food security in South Africa has been limited. This paper examines not only how climate change affects food security, but also residential challenges in combating climate change and food security. This paper focused on the Somkhele rural community located in the uMkhanyakude District Municipality of Northern KwaZulu-Natal, an area affected by water scarcity induced by climate change. A questionnaire was used to ascertain the views of 424 households on the impacts of climate variability on food security and the coping mechanisms and challenges involved in secure livelihoods. The results indicate that climate change has affected agricultural productivity and the use of water in households, especially since 2015. Food security is shaped by unemployment and a lack of financial capital. The local government did not assist with the required infrastructure to obtain water. Good governance and reflexive approaches are required to take into account household livelihood strategies and indigenous knowledge systems to ensure that support against the impacts of climate change is relevant
Efficient Sequential and Parallel Prime Sieve Algorithms
Authors: Bahig Hazem M. , Hazber Mohamed A. G. , Al-Utaibi Khaled , Nassr Dieaa I. , Bahig Hatem M.
Published: November 2022

Generating prime numbers less than or equal to an integer number m plays an important role in many asymmetric key cryptosystems. Recently, a new sequential prime sieve algorithm was proposed based on set theory. The main drawback of this algorithm is that the running time and storage are high when the size of m is large. This paper introduces three new algorithms for a prime sieve based on two approaches. The first approach develops a fast sequential prime sieve algorithm based on set theory and some structural improvements to the recent prime sieve algorithm. The second approach introduces two new parallel algorithms in the shared memory parallel model based on static and dynamic strategies. The analysis of the experimental studies shows the following results. (1) The proposed sequential algorithm outperforms the recent prime sieve algorithm in terms of running time by 98% and memory consumption by 80%, on average. (2) The two proposed parallel algorithms outperform the proposed sequential algorithm by 72% and 67%, respectively, on average. (3) The maximum speedups achieved by the dynamic and static parallel algorithms using 16 threads are 7 and 4.5, respectively. As a result, the proposed algorithms are more effective than the recent algorithm in terms of running time, storage and scalability in generating primes.
A Computational Scheme for the Numerical Results of Time-Fractional Degasperis–Procesi and Camassa–Holm Models
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Jafari Hossein , Akgül Ali , De la Sen Manuel
Published: November 2022

This article presents an idea of a new approach for the solitary wave solution of the modified Degasperis–Procesi (mDP) and modified Camassa–Holm (mCH) models with a time-fractional derivative. We combine Laplace transform (LT) and homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to formulate the idea of the Laplace transform homotopy perturbation method (LHPTM). This study is considered under the Caputo sense. This proposed strategy does not depend on any assumption and restriction of variables, such as in the classical perturbation method. Some numerical examples are demonstrated and their results are compared graphically in 2D and 3D distribution. This approach presents the iterations in the form of a series solutions. We also compute the absolute error to show the effective performance of this proposed scheme.
X-ray Self-Emission Imaging of Hydrodynamic Laser-Induced Astrophysical Phenomena
Authors: Filippov Evgeny D. , Burdonov Konstantin F. , Pikuz Tatiana A. , Skobelev Igor Yu.
Published: November 2022

In this article, we present an overview of the application of X-ray self-emission methods for the imaging of hydrodynamic astrophysical phenomena in laboratory-scale experiments. Typical diagnostic approaches, their advantages, drawbacks, and application perspectives are considered. We show that X-ray imaging and spectroscopy methods with 2D and even 1D spatial resolution are valuable for numerous laboratory astrophysical problems. Furthermore, the methods revealed the hydrodynamic evolution, the spatial shape and structure, and spatial features of important parameters such as electron density and plasma temperature of astrophysical objects and related phenomena, which are also required for the verification of astrophysical models.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Snow Cover in the City of Tyumen (Western Siberia, Russia)
Authors: Moskovchenko Dmitriy , Pozhitkov Roman , Lodygin Evgeny , Toptygina Marina
Published: November 2022

Some of Russia’s large industrial cities are sources of hazardous contamination in the environment. Tyumen is one of the most rapidly developing cities in Siberia due to oil and gas extraction in the northern Tyumen Region. Concentrations of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)s deposited with the particulate matter (PM) of snow in the city of Tyumen were determined by liquid chromatography. In the background area, the rate of atmospheric particulate deposition was shown to be low, and the mean total content of 14 PAHs had a value of 6.2 ng L−1, which is lower than many unpolluted areas on Earth. In the city of Tyumen, the mean content of PM was five times higher and the mean total content of 14 PAHs was twenty times higher as compared to the background. The contents of chrysene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, and benzo(a)pyrene were increased by multiples of 78, 77, and 32, respectively. The rates of ∑14 PAH deposition with airborne PM over the winter ranged from 1.1 to 65.5 μg m−2. Calculations of BaP toxic equivalent showed maximal toxicity within the transport zone. Both analysis of spatial distribution and diagnostic ratios showed that the PAHs were mainly from coal combustion and vehicle emissions.
Preliminary Exploration of a New Therapy for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: Botulinum Toxin A Combined with Sapylin
Authors: Li Wenshuang , Zheng Zhenming , Ma Kaiqun , Zhang Caixia , Li Kuiqing , Tayier Paierhati , Yao Yousheng
Published: November 2022

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is an intractable disease without long-term effective therapy. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) plus Sapylin, which might modulate the immune response of the bladder in the treatment of IC/BPS patients. We retrospectively investigated the clinical outcomes among 34 patients who accepted repeated Sapylin instillations after 200 U of BoNT/A submucosally injected into bladder walls (Mix group) and 28 patients who received BoNT/A alone (Control group). Each of the bladder walls (left, right, anterior and posterior) was injected six times with 8 U of BoNT/A per injection. The primary outcome measure was the global response assessment. The results showed that at 6 months post-injection, the response rate in the Mix group was remarkably higher than that in the Control group (58.8% vs. 28.6%, p < 0.05). The mean effective duration of the responders in the Mix group was apparently better than that in the Control group (27.5 (range 0–89) vs. 4.9 (range 0–11) months, p < 0.05). None of the patients experienced serious adverse events. In conclusion, repeated intravesical instillations of Sapylin after BoNT/A injection can produce significantly better clinical outcomes than BoNT/A alone in IC/PBS patients.
Reduction of Aflatoxin B1 and Zearalenone Contents in Corn Using Power Ultrasound and Its Effects on Corn Quality
Authors: Liu Yuanfang , Liu Yuanxiao , Zhao Wenbo , Li Mengmeng , Liu Na , Bian Ke
Published: November 2022

The degradation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEA) is investigated using power ultrasound to identify suitable methods to reduce the mycotoxin content of corn. AFB1 and ZEA in corn are simultaneously degraded via power ultrasound; thus, this method has a significant effect on corn quality. The power intensity, solid-liquid ratio, and ultrasonic treatment modes significantly affect the degradation rates of AFB1 and ZEA. The dissolution of AFB1 and ZEA in water also facilitates their degradation. At the initial stage of ultrasonic treatment, power ultrasound promotes the dissolution of mycotoxins in water, whereupon they are partially oxidized by free radicals. With a treatment time of 10 min, the reduction rates decreased owing to the dissolution of combined-state mycotoxins. After ultrasonic treatment, the contents of the essential amino acids, the total number of amino acids, and the fatty acids in corn decreased; however, ΔH values decreased during starch gelatinization. In contrast, the amylose content and viscosity of corn significantly increased during gelatinization. Therefore, this method is potentially suitable for the reduction of AFB1 and ZEA contents in corn.
A Preliminary Scoping Review of Trauma Recovery Pathways among Refugees in the United States
Authors: Mbamba Crispin Rakibu , Asare Jennifer Litela , Gyimah Clinton
Published: November 2022

When people move across borders to seek asylum because of violence, conflicts, persecution, or human rights violations, they experience a complex mix of psychological and traumatic downfalls. Often, refugees and asylum seekers’ trauma is compounded by the behaviours of individuals, communities, and the systemic climate of host countries. The United States is host to refugees and asylees from several countries. Evidence shows that several asylum seekers are held up in deplorable conditions in immigration detention centres where they are battling acute trauma. Therefore, consequent to this, coupled with the varying trauma that refugees face, this preliminary scoping review explores the scope and context of available peer-reviewed scholarship on trauma recovery pathways among refugees in the United States to identify gaps for further research. Following the PRISMA-compliant scoping review guidelines, we identified and curated data on the scope and context of peer-reviewed literature on trauma recovery approaches among refugees in the United States. This study identified the following as trauma recovery pathways among refugees: (1) macro-level structural intervention—preventing re-traumatization; (2) culturally sensitive therapeutic intervention; and (3) diagnosis and therapy. This study concludes that little research on the recovery pathways among refugees exists in the United States, hence the need for scholarship in this area.
Fitness of mCherry Reporter Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Tick Experimental Models
Authors: Kevély Ádám , Prančlová Veronika , Sláviková Monika , Haviernik Jan , Hönig Václav , Nováková Eva , Palus Martin , Růžek Daniel , Klempa Boris , Koči Juraj
Published: November 2022

The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes a most important viral life-threatening illness transmitted by ticks. The interactions between the virus and ticks are largely unexplored, indicating a lack of experimental tools and systematic studies. One such tool is recombinant reporter TBEV, offering antibody-free visualization to facilitate studies of transmission and interactions between a tick vector and a virus. In this paper, we utilized a recently developed recombinant TBEV expressing the reporter gene mCherry to study its fitness in various tick-derived in vitro cell cultures and live unfed nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks. The reporter virus was successfully replicated in tick cell lines and live ticks as confirmed by the plaque assay and the mCherry-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although a strong mCherry signal determined by fluorescence microscopy was detected in several tick cell lines, the fluorescence of the reporter was not observed in the live ticks, corroborated also by immunoblotting. Our data indicate that the mCherry reporter TBEV might be an excellent tool for studying TBEV-tick interactions using a tick in vitro model. However, physiological attributes of a live tick, likely contributing to the inactivity of the reporter, warrant further development of reporter-tagged viruses to study TBEV in ticks in vivo.
Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses and Grapevine Virus A by Vineyard-Sampled Soft Scales (Parthenolecanium corni, Hemiptera: Coccidae)
Authors: Hommay Gérard , Beuve Monique , Herrbach Etienne
Published: November 2022

Grapevine-infecting ampelo- and vitiviruses are transmitted by scale insects belonging to several species, among which is the European fruit lecanium, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera Coccidae). Our objective was to characterize the transmission biology of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV) and grapevine virus A (GVA) by this soft scale species in order to evaluate its ability to spread these viruses. In transmission experiments with nymphs sampled from different vineyards infected with GLRaV 1, 2, 3 and GVA, P. corni transmitted only GLRaV 1 and GVA to healthy vines. GVA was predominantly transmitted along with GLRaV 1, whereas the latter could be transmitted alone from single or co-infected vines. Vineyard-sampled second instar nymphs were more efficient than first instars at transmitting GLRaV 1, whereas both instars displayed similar transmission rates for GVA. Short virus inoculation access periods and the absence of virus in eggs of females living on infected grapevines fulfilled the criteria of non-circulative semi-persistent transmission mode.
Cellular miR-6741-5p as a Prognostic Biomarker Predicting Length of Hospital Stay among COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Akula Shaw M. , Williams John F. , Pokhrel Lok R. , Bauer Anais N. , Rajput Smit , Cook Paul P.
Published: November 2022

Wide variability exists with host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among individuals. Circulatory micro RNAs (miRNAs) are being recognized as promising biomarkers for complex traits, including viral pathogenesis. We hypothesized that circulatory miRNAs at 48 h post hospitalization may predict the length of stay (LOS) and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Plasma miRNA levels were compared between three groups: (i) healthy volunteers (C); (ii) COVID-19 patients treated with remdesivir (an antiviral) plus dexamethasone (a glucocorticoid) (with or without baricitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor) on the day of hospitalization (I); and COVID-19 patients at 48 h post treatment (T). Results showed that circulatory miR-6741-5p expression levels were significantly different between groups C and I (p < 0.0000001); I and T (p < 0.0000001); and C and T (p = 0.001). Our ANOVA model estimated that all patients with less than 12.42 Log2 CPM had a short LOS, or a good prognosis, whereas all patients with over 12.42 Log2 CPM had a long LOS, or a poor prognosis. In sum, we show that circulatory miR-6741-5p may serve as a prognostic biomarker effectively predicting mortality risk and LOS of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Advances in Molecular Genetics Enabling Studies of Highly Pathogenic RNA Viruses
Authors: Mittelholzer Christian , Klimkait Thomas
Published: November 2022

Experimental work with viruses that are highly pathogenic for humans and animals requires specialized Biosafety Level 3 or 4 facilities. Such pathogens include some spectacular but also rather seldomly studied examples such as Ebola virus (requiring BSL-4), more wide-spread and commonly studied viruses such as HIV, and the most recent example, SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. A common characteristic of these virus examples is that their genomes consist of single-stranded RNA, which requires the conversion of their genomes into a DNA copy for easy manipulation; this can be performed to study the viral life cycle in detail, develop novel therapies and vaccines, and monitor the disease course over time for chronic virus infections. We summarize the recent advances in such new genetic applications for RNA viruses in Switzerland over the last 25 years, from the early days of the HIV/AIDS epidemic to the most recent developments in research on the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. We highlight game-changing collaborative efforts between clinical and molecular disciplines in HIV research on the path to optimal clinical disease management. Moreover, we summarize how the modern technical evolution enabled the molecular studies of emerging RNA viruses, confirming that Switzerland is at the forefront of SARS-CoV-2 research and potentially other newly emerging viruses.
The C-Terminal Domain of RNase H and the C-Terminus Amino Acid Residue Regulate Virus Release and Autoprocessing of a Defective HIV-1 Possessing M50I and V151I Changes in Integrase
Authors: Imamichi Tomozumi , Chen Qian , Hao Ming , Chang Weizhong , Yang Jun
Published: November 2022

Previously, we reported that an HIV-1 variant containing Met-to-Ile change at codon 50 and Val-to-Ile mutation at codon 151 of integrase (IN), HIV(IN:M50I/V151I), was an impaired virus. Despite the mutations being in IN, the virus release was significantly suppressed (p < 0.0001) and the initiation of autoprocessing was inhibited; the mechanism of the defect remains unknown. In the current study, we attempted to identify the critical domains or amino acid (aa) residue(s) that promote defects in HIV(IN:M50I/V151I), using a series of variants, including truncated or aa-substituted RNase H (RH) or IN. The results demonstrated that virus release and the initiation of autoprocessing were regulated by the C-terminal domains (CTDs) of RH and IN. Further studies illustrated that Asp at codon 109 of RH CTD and Asp at the C terminus of IN induces the defect. This result indicated that the CTDs of RH and IN in GagPol and particular aa positions in RH and IN regulated the virus release and the initiation of autoprocessing, and these sites could be potential targets for the development of new therapies.
Exosomes Released by Influenza-Virus-Infected Cells Carry Factors Capable of Suppressing Immune Defense Genes in Naïve Cells
Authors: Zabrodskaya Yana , Plotnikova Marina , Gavrilova Nina , Lozhkov Alexey , Klotchenko Sergey , Kiselev Artem , Burdakov Vladimir , Ramsay Edward , Purvinsh Lada , Egorova Marja , Vysochinskaya Vera , Baranovskaya Irina , Brodskaya Alexandra , Povalikhin Roman , Vasin Andrey
Published: November 2022

Background: Exosomes are involved in intercellular communication and can transfer regulatory molecules between cells. Consequently, they can participate in host immune response regulation. For the influenza A virus (IAV), there is very limited information on changes in exosome composition during cell infection shedding light on the potential role of these extracellular membrane vesicles. Thus, the aim of our work was to study changes in exosomal composition following IAV infection of cells, as well as to evaluate their effect on uninfected cells. Methods: To characterize changes in the composition of cellular miRNAs and mRNAs of exosomes during IAV infection of A549 cells, NGS was used, as well as PCR to identify viral genes. Naïve A549 cells were stimulated with infected-cell-secreted exosomes for studying their activity. Changes in the expression of genes associated with the cell’s immune response were shown using PCR. The effect of exosomes on IAV replication was shown in MDCK cells using In-Cell ELISA and PCR of the supernatants. Results: A change in the miRNA composition (miR-21-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-23a-5p, miR-548c-5p) and mRNA composition (RPL13A, MKNK2, TRIB3) of exosomes under the influence of the IAV was shown. Many RNAs were involved in the regulation of the immune response of the cell, mainly by suppressing it. After exosome stimulation of naïve cells, a significant decrease in the expression of genes involved in the immune response was shown (RIG1, IFIT1, MDA5, COX2, NFκB, AnxA1, PKR, IL6, IL18). When infecting MDCK cells, a significant decrease in nucleoprotein levels was observed in the presence of exosomes secreted by mock-infected cells. Viral levels in supernatants also decreased. Conclusions: Exosomes secreted by IAV-infected cells could reduce the immune response of neighboring intact cells, leading to more effective IAV replication. This may be associated both with regulatory functions of cellular miRNAs and mRNAs carried by exosomes, or with the presence of viral mRNAs encoding proteins with an immunosuppressive function.
Isolation and Identification of Sandfly-Borne Viruses from Sandflies Collected from June to August, 2019, in Yangquan County, China
Authors: Wang Qinyan , Yin Qikai , Fu Shihong , Cheng Jingxia , Xu Xiuyan , Wang Jing , Wu Bin , Tian Xiaodong , Li Yan , Lu Jing , He Ying , Li Fan , Nie Kai , Xu Songtao , Lu Xiaoqing , Wang Huanyu , Wang Bin , Liang Guodong
Published: November 2022

In Yangquan County, the sandfly-transmitted virus (Wuxiang virus) was first isolated from sandflies in 2018. However, relationships between the abundance and seasonal fluctuations of local sandflies and sandfly-transmitted viruses are unknown. Herein, we report that sandfly specimens were collected in three villages in Yangquan County, from June to August, 2019. A total of 8363 sandflies were collected (June, 7927; July, 428; August, 8). Eighteen virus strains (June, 18; July, 0; August, 0) were isolated in pools of Phlebotomus chinensis. The genome sequence of the newly isolated virus strain was highly similar to that of the Wuxiang virus (WUXV), isolated from sandflies in Yangquan County in 2018. Our results suggested that the sandfly-transmitted viruses, and the local sandfly population, are stable in Yangquan County, and that June is the peak period for the virus carried by sandflies in this area.
Moving towards Digitising COVID-19 Vaccination Certificate: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Kissi Jonathan , Kusi Achampong Emmanuel , Kumasenu Mensah Nathan , Annobil Caleb , Naa Lamptey Jessica
Published: November 2022

The coronavirus pandemic is the greatest crisis of our time, having claimed over 2 million lives and shocking the global economy. Scientists and governments have suggested the idea of a digital COVID-19 certificate, to identify vaccinated persons easily. This paper assesses the positions of stakeholders on COVID-19 vaccination certificates, their presentation, and their importance. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was applied in this study. Search terms with Boolean and/or operators were combined to increase relevant results. Four large digital databases were used for the search. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen 298 collated studies. Two reviewers independently assessed search results, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the included studies. It is essential to re-examine digital COVID-19 vaccination certificates, considering their benefits, such as real-time detection of fake vaccination certificates and identifying and mapping non-vaccinated areas for strategic vaccination planning. The use of a single electronic platform globally will ease verification processes while bringing economies back to their feet. Digital COVID-19 vaccination certificates may provide balance in this pandemic era. With digital COVID-19 certificate exceeding documentation purposes, it is important to recognise factors such as global economy and human rights, boosting free movements of persons.
Vaccine Uptake to Prevent Meningitis and Encephalitis in Shanghai, China
Authors: Maimaiti Hairenguli , Lu Jia , Guo Xiang , Zhou Lu , Hu Linjie , Lu Yihan
Published: November 2022

Multiple vaccines may prevent meningitis and encephalitis (M/E). In China, the meningococcal vaccine and Japanese encephalitis vaccine (JEV) have been included in the expanded program of immunization (EPI). The pneumococcal vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, and enterovirus 71 (EV-71) vaccine are non-EPI vaccines and are self-paid. We aim to investigate the uptake of these M/E vaccines in children and the related knowledge and health beliefs among family caregivers. A total of 1011 family caregivers with children aged 1–6 years in Shanghai, China were included in the study. The uptake of the pneumococcal vaccine, Hib-containing vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, and EV-71 vaccine remained at 44.0–48.1% in children, compared with the higher uptake of the meningococcal vaccine (88.8%) and JEV (87.1%). Moreover, family caregivers had limited knowledge on the M/E pathogens and possible vaccines. Their health beliefs were moderate to high. Then, a health belief model (HBM) and a structural equation model were established. The uptake of four non-EPI vaccines was significantly influenced by family income (β = 0.159), knowledge (β = 0.354), self-efficacy (β = 0.584), and perceived susceptibility (β = 0.212) within an HBM. Therefore, it warrants further improving the uptake rate for these non-EPI vaccines to prevent potential M/E in children. A specific health promotion may empower the caregivers’ decision-making on childhood vaccination.
Response of Algal–Bacterial Regrowth Characteristics to the Hypochlorite in Landscape Ponds Replenished with Reclaimed Water
Authors: Li Meng , Liu Jiaheng , Zhang Chao , Wang Jinli , Li Pengfeng , Sun Jingmei , Sun Yongli
Published: November 2022

Sodium hypochlorite was widely used as a supplementary disinfectant in reclaimed water (RW) production during the COVID-19 epidemic. It is well known that the chlorination of RW results in a relatively high bacterial regrowth potential in pipeline systems. However, the algal growth and algal–bacterial interactions would be another concern in RW-replenished surface water with light irradiation. In this study, microcosmic experiments were used to explore the impact of hypochlorite on the algae–bacteria community, including the influence of hypochlorite on algal–bacterial regrowth, microbial community structure, and the specific bacteria that can survive chlorination. Results demonstrated that algal growth potential could be promoted after chlorination of the RW, and bacteria abundance increased along with an increase in algal density, which is probably related to DOM decomposition by chlorine oxidation. Additionally, the characteristics of the bacterial community were altered. It is more likely that phytospheric bacteria will survive chlorination. It was discovered that the secondary risks of chlorine disinfection include the growth of algae in addition to bacterial regeneration, which is an extension of the common perception. As a consequence, when chlorinated reclaimed water is used as a supplement for urban landscape ponds, particular attention should be paid to controlling bio-available organic matter induced by reactive chlorine, as well as the algal bloom, to decrease the risk of pathogen transmission.
Individual psychological security in the post-isolation period as a scientific research subject
Authors: Stadulskaya N.A. , Finogenko E.I. , Aglyamova G.M. , Morozova E.N. , Galaktionov I.V.
Published: November 2022

The psychological security of a person is an indicator of a person who is psychologically healthy and able to cope with social, pandemic, informational, psychological, and other threats. The sudden spread of a new type of coronavirus infection, COVID-19, since December 2019 has significantly destabilized society. This study aims to investigate and analyze individual psychological security as a scientific research subject in the post-isolation period. To fulfill that aim, a range of scientifical methods are employed, including analysis and synthesis of scientific content on the issues under study, sociometry method, summary, and grouping of statistical observation materials. Given the results, it can be concluded that the swift spreading of mass hysteria and panic resulting from COVID-19 has been characterized by constant psychological issues in public, consisting of a decline in the level of psychological safety. That factor seems to be associated with the coping strategies adopted, the level of conscious awareness, socio-demographic variables, people’s habits, and how an individual utilizes media and interprets information.
Kebijakan Optimalisasi Tugas Dan Fungsi Intelijen Kepolisian Dalam Upaya Deteksi Dini Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Terorisme
Authors: Ferdiansyah Putra M Fadli , Erwinsyahbana T. , Zulyadi Rizkan
Published: November 2022

The State Police of the Republic of Indonesia, hereinafter referred to as a government institution, has the main task of being regulated in Law No. 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police. In accordance with Article 13 of Law No. 2 of 2002, the Police have the main task of maintaining public security and order, enforcing the law, and providing protection, protection and services to the community. The problem in this research is to analyze the role of police security intelligence in conducting early detection of terrorism prevention efforts in the jurisdiction of the Central Aceh Police, and to analyze the factors that hinder Police security intelligence in carrying out early detection of efforts to prevent terrorism crimes in the jurisdiction of the Aceh Police. Central, as well as analyzing how to optimize the duties and functions of Police Intelligence in early detection of the prevention of criminal acts of terrorism in the jurisdiction of the Central Aceh Police. Based on the results of the study, it was determined that the role of police intelligence in preventing criminal acts of terrorism was to carry out early detection in order to know all changes in social life in society and its further development, identify the nature of threats that are being and will be faced.
Pengaruh Kemandirian, Pengalaman Kerja, dan Akuntabilitas terhadap Tindakan dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Audit
Authors: Agusti Rahmadina , Hartono Budi , Lubis Maksum Syahri
Published: November 2022

Audit quality is one of the important prerequisites in conducting an audit. This is to evaluate audit quality and several factors that affect audit quality at various levels of audit engagements. By definition, audit quality is achieved when the auditor can identify material items by applying Generally Accepted Auditing Standards and Principles that help ensure the accuracy of the auditor's actions and reports. This study aims to analyze whether there is an effect of independence, work experience, and accountability on actions to improve audit quality, either partially or simultaneously. The method used is descriptive quantitative, using a questionnaire and a Likert scale. The total population is 163 employees. The sample measurement technique is the slovin formula, resulting in a total sample of 115 employees. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression, and hypothesis testing using T test and F test. The results of the study found that there was no influence between independence on actions to improve audit quality, but there was a significant effect between work experience and accountability on actions in improving audit quality. partially or simultaneously.
Hubungan Spiritualitas dan Dukungan Sosial dengan Resiliensi Mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Diakones HKBP
Authors: Malau Diana Christiany , Surbakti Amanah , Murad Abdul
Published: November 2022

Empirically, this study aims to see the correlation between spirituality and social support with the resilience of HKBP Deaconess School Students. The population in this study was 120 people and the sample was 92 people where the sample was taken using random sampling. This type of research is a quantitative research with multiple regression analysis technique where the data collection uses questionnaire that is processed by the SPSS program. The results showed that:(1) There is a significant positive correlation between spirituality and social support with resilience, the coefficient value (Rx1x2y)= 0,604 and p = 0,000 < 0,010. The contribution of spirituality and social support can be seen from the coefficient of determination (R2) = 0,365 or 36,5 %. (2) There is a significant positive correlation between spirituality and resilience where the coefficient value (Rxy) = 0,538 with p = 0,000 < 0,010. The contribution of spirituality can be seen from the coefficient of determination (R2) = 0,2894 or 28,94 %. (3) There is a significant positive correlation between social support and resilience where the coefficient value (Rxy) = 0,503 with p = 0,000 < 0,010. The contribution of social support can be seen from the coefficient of determination (R2) = 0,253 or 25,3 %. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between spirituality and social support with the resilience of The HKBP Deaconess School students.
Implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 JO Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 2020 Tentang Manajemen PNS dalam Pengembangan Kompetensi ASN pada Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Ramal Ramal , Isnaini Isnaini , Hartono Budi
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation and the factors that support and hinder Government Regulation Number 11 of 2017 concerning Civil Servant Management in developing ASN competencies at the Office of the Human Resources Development Agency of North Sumatra Province. The type of research used is qualitative to answer the existing problems. The data analysis of this research was carried out by means of data reduction; Presentation of data and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of the research found that the implementation was not optimal, namely: Communication was not optimal because not all information was given to employees; Human Resources are still lacking and the level of awareness about PNS Management is still lacking; Disposition of employee responsibilities is still very low in carrying out their work; Bureaucratic Structure Coordination of employees is not good because employee awareness in improving competencies related to PNS Management still needs to be further improved. The inhibiting factors for the implementation of Government Regulation Number 11 of 2017 concerning Civil Servant Management in developing ASN competence at the Office of the Human Resources Development Agency of North Sumatra Province such as Not all information being conveyed, Human resources are considered to be not good, some employees are less responsible for coordination between employees, there is still a lack optimal.
Pengaruh Persepsi Kemudahan dan Online Customer Review Terhadap Minat Beli Pada Online Store Sociolla
Authors: Alifia Firza Tsamara , Wardhani Nuruni Ika Kusuma , Fitriyah Zumrotul
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of perceived convenience and online customer reviews on consumer buying interest in the sociolla online store. Primary data obtained from this study were used in data collection techniques. To approach this problem, the theory from Kotler and Keller, 2016 states that the factors that influence buying interest are the perception of convenience. The method of data collection is by using the survey method. The research method used is quantitative methods with data analysis techniques using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and partial least squares (PLS) as analytical tools. This study found that perceived convenience had a significant and positive impact on purchase intention, and online customer reviews had a significant and positive impact on purchase intention.
Hoax dan Masyarakat Akademik di Kota Makassar
Authors: Wijaya Zulham , Abdullah Suparman , Mengge Buchari , Irsan Irsan
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this research is to understand the process of the academic community being exposed to hoaxes in the city of Makassar. The problem of this research is focused on the process of the academic community exposed to hoaxes? In analyzing the problems raised, the researcher uses an analytical knife from Jean Boudrillar's theory of Hyperreality. Data was collected through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation with qualitative analysis. Determination of informants using purposive sampling in accordance with the classification of informants that have been determined, namely those with Masters and Doctoral education who work as lecturers and actively use social media. The results show that the academic community who actively uses social media has a tendency to use social media to get the latest information in accordance with the interests and paradigms of the academic community.  In the information they are interested in, there are hoaxes, facts and opinions which then experience superficial meaning. From any information that has shallow meaning and is reported repeatedly without any comparison news, it will become an accepted truth, including hoax news.