bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seleção de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar para a Zona da Mata Norte de Pernambuco II: Meio de safra
Authors: Albuquerque A. P. C. , Bastos G. Q. , Dutra Filho J. A. , Souto L. S. , Medeiros A. C. , Simões Neto D. E.
Published: May 2016

Sendo os cultivares melhorados a base de sustentação e desenvolvimento do setor sucroeneregético no Brasil, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desempenho agroindustrial de 26 cultivares de cana-de-açúcar na microrregião canavieira da Mata Norte de Pernambuco. O experimento foi conduzido na área agrícola da Usina Olho D’água, onde foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: toneladas de pol por hectare, toneladas de cana por hectare, fibra, pol % corrigida, pureza, teor de sólidos solúveis e açúcar total recuperável. Realizou-se a análise de variância conjunta dos experimentos e estimativa de parâmetros genéticos, as médias foram agrupadas pelo teste de Scott e Knott ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Realizou-se ainda a rentabilidade econômica bruta de cada cultivar.  Constatou-se que a seleção de cultivares superiores deve ser baseada nas variáveis TPH e TCH. Como opções de cultivo comercial para a segunda época de colheita destacam-se como mais produtivas, RB93509, SP81-3250 e RB75126.

Selection of sugarcane cultivars to the North Forest Zone of Pernambuco II: crop Medium

Abstract: Improved cultivars are support base and development of energétic and alcohol sector in Brazil, aimed with this work was to evaluate the agroindustrial performance of 26 sugarcane cultivars in the microrregion da Mata Norte of Pernambuco. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural area of the sugarmill Olho d'gua, which was used a randomized block with four replications. The variables analyzed were tons of pol per hectare, sugarcane tons per hectare, fiber, corrected pol%, purity, soluble solids content and total recoverable sugar. Were conducted the variance analysis and estimation of genetic parameters, the averages were grouped by the Scott and Knott test at 5% probability. It was held still gross economic profitability of each cultivar. The selection of superior cultivars should be based on TPH and TCH variables. As commercial cultivation options for the second harvest season stand out as more productive, RB93509, SP81-3250 e RB75126.
O processo das representações sociais na mídia impressa: a bebida alcoólica, o alcoolismo e o leitor em foco
Authors: CONCEIÇÃO Vander Monteiro da , SILVA Silvio Eder Dias da , ARAUJO Jeferson Santos , SANTANA Maria Elizabeth , SANTOS Lucialba Maria Silva dos
Published: May 2016

A pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo as representações sociais da mídia impressa sobre a bebida alcoólica, para se identificar tal representação teve-se como objetivos identificar artigos publicados nas revistas Veja® e Istoé® no período de 2005 a 2010 e, analisar as representações sociais produzidas por tais publicações sobre a bebida alcoólica. O conteúdo para analise do estudo emergiu da seleção de matérias jornalísticas contidas em 67 reportagens. O estudo configura-se em uma pesquisa documental associado ao fenômeno conceitual da Teoria das Representações Sociais, e aborda os significados relacionados ao incentivo do consumo da bebida alcoólica os quais foram agrupados por apresentarem em seus conteúdos, informações que despertassem o leitor a provar e/ou aprimorar a forma de como degustar a bebida alcoólica. O estudo contribuiu para a compreensão do papel da mídia frente à sociedade leitora no combate aos problemas de saúde publica relacionado ao consumo excessivo de bebida alcoólica.
Rede de atenção às urgências: avanços e desafios para sua consolidação
Authors: MARQUES Carla Pintas
Published: May 2016

O texto aborda as definições utilizadas para rede de atenção à saúde e como esta se encontra estabelecida no Sistema Único de Saúde além de contextualizar a atual crise contemporânea dos sistemas de saúde. Aborda também a organização proposta para a consolidação da rede de atenção às urgências como um grande desafio ao sistema de saúde brasileiro.
Macrophages Play a Key Role in the Obesity‐Induced Periodontal Innate Immune Dysfunction via Nucleotide‐Binding Oligomerization Domain‐Like Receptor Protein 3 Pathway
Authors: Huang Xin , Yu Ting , Ma Chanjuan , Wang Yixiong , Xie Baoyi , Xuan Dongying , Zhang Jincai
Published: May 2016

Background: Obesity is associated with infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue. However, effects of obesity on macrophage infiltration and activation in periodontal tissues with periodontitis are still to be elucidated.

Methods: A diet‐induced obesity 16‐week mouse model was constructed, and periodontitis was induced by periodontal ligation for 10 days. The model consisted of periodontitis (P) and control (C) groups, with high fat (HF) and normal (N) diet conditions. Bone loss (BL) was analyzed by microcomputed tomography. In periodontal tissues, immunohistochemical staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detected expressions of: 1) nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway; 2) macrophage‐specific marker (F4/80); and 3) macrophage chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1). Bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) from the mouse model were stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro (NC/NC + LPS: BMDMs from NC group without/with LPS stimulation; HFC/HFC + LPS: BMDMs from HFC group without/with LPS stimulation). Expressions of NLRP3 pathway in BMDMs were detected by immunocytochemical staining and qPCR.

Results: BL increased significantly with periodontitis (NC versus NP; HFC versus HFP) and obesity (NP versus HFP). Expressions of NLRP3 pathway were significantly elevated in gingival tissues with periodontitis (NC versus NP; HFC versus HFP), but not with obesity (NC versus HFC; NP versus HFP). F4/80 and MCP1 expressions were significantly upregulated in gingival tissues with periodontitis (NC versus NP; HFC versus HFP) but significantly downregulated in the context of obesity (NP versus HFP). In vitro, NLRP3 pathway expressions were significantly upregulated in BMDMs after LPS stimulation (NC + LPS versus NC; HFC + LPS versus HFC), but significantly downregulated in HFC groups (HFC versus NC; HFC + LPS versus NC + LPS).

Conclusion: Obesity may paralyze innate immune response of periodontium via attenuating infiltration and activation of macrophages and further aggravate periodontal disease.
Evaluation of Tissue Culture Seedlings for Their Genetic Fidelity and Virus Indexing in Sugarcane
Authors: D Adilakshmi , M Suresh , N Rajkumar , K Jayachandra , P Bebi
Published: May 2016

Plant tissue culture technique is a powerful tool for rapid and large scale multiplication of virus free seed material. Clonal fidelity of the in vitro raised plants was carried out using RAPD. A total of fifteen primers were used for detecting polymorphism by RAPD analysis and the results revealed that all the tissue culture plants were grouped into one cluster and indicated that all the tissue culture developed plantlets are true-to-type. There are no somaclonal variations and are genetically identical with the mother plant. Virus indexing through ELISA indicated that the tissue culture developed seedlings does not contain the protein particles of ScMV and are free from the viral disease. The wells coated with leaf samples with suspected ScMV infection (97 A 85, C3) gave visual confirmation by yellow colour change, with OD 405 values of 0.526. As the reading is 2 times more than the negative control (OD 0.215) we can presume mild infection of mosaic in the test sample with lower titre of ScMV. All the ScMV +ve controls showed significant higher OD values of more than 2.515 confirming the earlier observations. Thus, viral detection using DAS-ELISA method can be used for detection and indexation in large scale sugarcane crop especially for in vitro regenerated plants with relatively cheaper cost and faster for supplying virus free seedlings to farming community in a large scale.
A Comparison between Integer and Fractional Order PD
μ
Controllers for Vibration Suppression
Authors: Birs Isabela R. , Muresan Cristina I. , Folea Silviu , Prodan Ovidiu
Published: May 2016

Along the years, unwanted vibrations in airplane wings have led to passenger discomfort. In this study, the airplane wing is modeled as a cantilever beam on which active vibration suppression is tested. The paper details the tuning of both integer and fractional order Proportional Derivative type controllers based on constraints imposed in the frequency domain. The controllers are experimentally validated and the results prove once more the superiority of the fractional order control approach.
Computation of the fifth Geometric-Arithmetic Index for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAH
k
Authors: Alaeiyan Mehdi , Farahani Mohammad Reza , Jamil Muhammad Kamran
Published: May 2016

Let G be a simple connected graph. The geometric-arithmetic index of G is defined as

G

A

1

(
G
)

=

∑

u
ν
∈
E
(
G
)

2

d
(
u
)
d
(
ν
)

d
(
u
)
+
d
(
ν
)

$\begin{array}{}
G{A_1}\left( G \right) = {\sum\nolimits _{u\nu \in E(G)}}\frac{{2\sqrt {d(u)d(\nu)} }}{{d(u) + d(\nu)}}
\end{array}$

, where d(u) represents the degree of the vertex u in the graph G. Recently, Graovac defined the fifth version of geometric-arithmetic index of a graph G as

G

A

5

(
G
)

=

∑

u
ν
∈
E
(
G
)

2

S

ν

S

u

S

ν

+

S

u

$\begin{array}{}
G{A_5}\left( G \right) = {\sum\nolimits _{u\nu \in E(G)}}\frac{{2\sqrt {{S_\nu}{S_u}} }}{{{S_\nu} + {S_u}}}
\end{array}$

, where Su
is the sum of degrees of all neighbors of vertex u in the graph G. In this paper, we compute the fifth geometric arithmetic index of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH
k
).
effect of ascorbic acid as a feed additive on indicators of the reproductive performance of Pulawska breed gilts
Authors: Lechowski Jerzy , Kasprzyk Anna , Tyra Mirosław , Trawińska Beata
Published: May 2016

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of vitamin C on indicators of gilts and sows reproductive value. The study was conducted using 64 gilts of the Pulawska breed. The experimental gilts received a supplement of vitamin C in an amount of 2.4 g daily throughout the whole experiment. Sixteen gilts from both control and experimental groups were mated in their third estrus. In order to determine the number of corpora lutea and the state of development of the reproductive organs, other gilts from the control and experimental groups were slaughtered after third estrus between the 5th and 10th day of the following estrous cycle. The results showed that gilts from the experimental group were characterized by higher potential fertility, as well as reared more piglets per litter. In the body weight and backfat thickness of sows during the first reproduction cycle in the control and experimental groups were not statistically significantly different. The piglets in the experimental group had higher body weight in the 1st and 21st day of rearing. Larger contents of protein, immunoglobulins, and vitamin C were recorded in the colostrum and milk from experimental sows.
Systemic and local immune mechanisms stimulated in the course of chicken infectious bronchitis
Authors: Śmiałek Marcin , Welenc Joanna , Koncicki Andrzej
Published: May 2016

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious, viral disease of chickens that causes damage to the respiratory tract, kidneys, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems, as well as muscles. Despite the worldwide distribution of vaccines against IB, the outbreaks of this disease are recorded frequently. This review paper describes the mechanisms of the immune system response against both infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and vaccine IBV, with special attention to the local upper respiratory tract immune mechanisms stimulated in the course of IB. CD8+ T cells as well as IgA+ and IgY+ B memory cells seem to play the most important role in protection against re-infection with IBV. The present paper describes in detail the stimulation of non-specific innate resistance factors and the underlying mechanism of IBV innate immunity breach, as well as the stimulation and acquisition of specificity and immune memory against IBV by immunocompetent cells after both infection and vaccination.
Infectious agents involved in reproduction failure in swine
Authors: Kwit Krzysztof , Pomorska-Mól Małgorzata , Markowska-Daniel Iwona
Published: May 2016

Problems in the reproduction of pigs may be the result of interaction of various factors, both infectious and non-infectious. Among the infectious agents, the greatest economic losses are caused by viral infection of pregnant gilts and sows. In the present study the most important pathogens causing reproductive disorders in pigs, including parvovirus (PPV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), enteroviruses, encephalitis virus (EMCV), Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Leptospira spp., Brucella suis and Erysipelotrix rhusiopathiae are characterized. So far, three possible ways of natural infection of the embryo or fetus are identified: via placenta, through the cervical canal, and by infection of the egg cell. The consequences of infection of pregnant females depend on the species of the virus, the gestation period, wherein there is an infection and immune status of pregnant females. The most common changes included: embryo death, resorption of embryos, mummification of fetuses, malformations, abortions, birth of dead or very weak piglets. Because of the importance of the reproduction sector for the competitive production of pigs, the monitoring of the health status of breeding stock, including compliance with all biosecurity rules and vaccination schedules, should be strictly respected by veterinarians taking care of pig breeding herds
Evaluation of water resources comprehensive utilization efficiency in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Guan Xin-jian , Liang Sheng-xing , Meng Yu
Published: May 2016

This study investigated appropriate indicators using the trapezoidal fuzzy number method, and constructed an evaluation index system for water resources comprehensive utilization efficiency (WRCUE). A WRCUE evaluation model is applied to areas in the Yellow River Basin in China using a genetic projection pursuit method. Results show that WRCUE is well developed in Shanxi, Shandong, and Henan provinces, moderately developed in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, and Sichuan provinces, and poorly developed in the Ningxia Autonomous Region, Gansu Province, and Qinghai Province. According to the capacities of provinces, related measures are proposed.
Mixing at double-Tee junctions with unequal pipe sizes in water distribution systems
Authors: Yu Tingchao , Qiu Hongying , Yang Jeffrey , Shao Yu , Tao Liang
Published: May 2016

Pipe flow mixing with various solute concentrations and flow rates at pipe junctions is investigated. The degree of mixing affects contaminant spread in a water distribution system, and many studies have focused on mixing at the cross junctions; however, only a few have focused on double-Tee junctions of unequal pipe diameters. To investigate the solute mixing at such junctions, a series of experiments was conducted in a turbulent regime (Re = 12,500–50,000) with different Reynolds number ratios and connecting pipe lengths. Dimensionless outlet concentrations were found to depend on mixing mechanism at the impinging interface of junctions, where junctions with a larger pipe diameter ratio were associated with more complete mixing. Further, the inlet Reynolds number ratio affected mixing more strongly than the outlet Reynolds number ratio. Finally, the dimensionless connecting pipe length in a double-Tee played an important and complicated role in the flow mixing. The results were used to develop two-dimensional isopleth maps for the calculation of normalized north outlet concentrations.
Evolution of rainwater harvesting and use in Crete, Hellas, through the millennia
Authors: Angelakis A. N.
Published: May 2016

The low water availability in several regions of southeastern Hellas and particularly in several islands, such as Crete, has resulted in the construction of various types of water reservoir for collection and storage of rainwater, since their very early habitation. Since then, technologies for the construction and use of several types of cisterns have been developed. In Crete during the Minoan era, water cisterns were very well practiced as a basic means for water supply in several settlements. The Minoan water cistern technologies were further developed, mainly by enlargement of the scale of water systems, at subsequent stages of the Hellenic civilizations. Furthermore, more advanced water cistern technologies were invented, with a peak during the Hellenistic period which followed Alexander the Great, during which time they spread over a geographical area from Hellas to the west and to the east. The Romans inherited the cistern technologies and further developed them mainly by changing their application scale from small to large. Characteristic paradigms of Cretan cisterns are considered which justify the significance of that technology for water supply in areas with low water availability during the whole Cretan history. Herein, nowadays climatic conditions and water resources management in Crete are presented and discussed.
Intergenerational Influence on Adolescents' Proenvironmental Behavior
Authors: Li Jianan , Liu Chunlin
Published: May 2016

We investigated the process of intergenerational influence on adolescents' proenvironmental behavior in Chinese families. By differentiating 2 types of social influence (i.e., informational and normative influence), we found that adolescents' proenvironmental behavior was positively
related to both informational and normative influence in Chinese families. Furthermore, when we tested the contextual variable of parental power, we found that it moderated the 2 main effects, but in different directions. That is, the relationship between informational influence and adolescents'
proenvironmental behavior became stronger when adolescents perceived higher levels of parental power, with the opposite result with respect to normative influence. We have contributed to the literature on intergenerational influence, social influence, and adolescents' proenvironmental behavior.
Affect Heuristic As a Function of Trust in Risk Communication
Authors: Wu Lin , Lin Jing , Liu Jing , Chang Shuo-Feng , Wang Yuan-Yuan , Liu Zhi-Jun
Published: May 2016

We examined whether or not decision makers' level of trust in risk management institutions is an important determinant of their reliance on the affect heuristic for making evaluations and decisions. In Study 1 (N = 419), we examined how the delivery and context of warning information
may influence individuals' marginal trust in risk management institutions. In Study 2 (N = 414), we combined marginal trust with message probability to explore (a) how marginal trust and message extremity probability influence public trust in warning information, and (b) how public
trust in institutions moderates individuals' reliance on the affect heuristic in risk perceptions. In Study 3 (N = 45), we tested the generalizability of the moderating effect of public trust. Results showed that reliance on affect as a kind of heuristic was more marked among decision
makers with a high, vs. low, level of trust in the relevant institutions.
Gender Moderates Firms' Innovation Performance and Entrepreneurs' Self-efficacy and Risk Propensity
Authors: Yu Jiarong , Chen Shouming
Published: May 2016

On the basis of upper echelons theory and social learning theory, we examined the direct effects of 2 cognitive characteristics—self-efficacy and risk propensity—on entrepreneurs' innovation in the early stage of entrepreneurial activities. We also investigated the moderating
role of gender on these relationships, using data collected from the 2011 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor database, comprising 12,828 entrepreneurs from 44 countries. We found that both self-efficacy and risk propensity were positively associated with innovation. In addition, gender acted
as a moderator in the 2 relationships, and both were strengthened when the entrepreneurs were male. We have made 2 main contributions to the literature. First, we investigated the effects of two cognitive factors on innovation from a global perspective. Second, we introduced gender and examined
it as a novel moderator in relation to its influence on these relationships.
Ultratrace element contents in rat tissues: Comparative analysis of serum and hair as indicative matrices of the total body burden
Authors: Skalny Anatoly , Tinkov Alexey , Skalny Andrey , Medvedeva Yulia , Alchinova Irina , Ajsuvakova Olga , Karganov Mikhail , Nikonorov Alexandr
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of ultratrace
elements in rat tissues and to perform a comparative analysis of hair and
serum as potential bioindicators of the total ultratrace element content.
Thirty-six male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow containing 0.006?0.000,
0.001?0.000, 0.017?0.002, 0.382?0.031, 0.168?0.014, 3.211?0.134, 0.095?0.006,
0.000?0.000, 6.675?0.336, 15.327?0.564, 0.002?0.000, and 1.185?0.202 ?g/g of
silver (Ag), gold (Au), cesium (Cs), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), lanthanum
(La), niobium (Nb), platinum (Pt), rubidium (Rb), titanium (Ti), thallium
(Tl)and zirconium (Zr), respectively, from weaning to 3 months old. The
ultratrace element content in the liver, kidney, muscle, heart, serum and
hair was assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The
obtained data indicate that the highest concentrations of most of the studied
elements (Ti, Zr, Ge, Nb, tungsten (W), La, uranium (U), Ag, Au, Pt) are in
hair, whereas the lowest were observed in the serum. Statistical analysis
revealed a significant association between concentrations in the hair and
other tissues for Cs, Ti, Nb, Tl, La, U and Au. At the same time, serum Cs,
Rb, Ti, Ge, Nb, W, Ga, Tl and La concentrations significantly correlated with
the tissue content of the respective ultratrace elements. It can be concluded
that hair may be used as a potential bioindicator for certain ultratrace
element content in the mammalian organism.
Application of the Bernstein polynomials for solving Volterra integral equations with convolution kernels
Authors: Altürk Ahmet
Published: May 2016

In this article, we consider the second-type linear Volterra integral
equations whose kernels based upon the difference of the arguments. The aim
is to convert the integral equation to an algebraic one. This is achieved by
approximating functions appearing in the integral equation with the Bernstein
polynomials. Since the kernel is of convolution type, the integral is
represented as a convolution product. Taylor expansion of kernel along with
the properties of convolution are used to represent the integral in terms of
the Bernstein polynomials so that a set of algebraic equations is obtained.
This set of algebraic equations is solved and approximate solution is
obtained. We also provide a simple algorithm which depends both on the degree
of the Bernstein polynomials and that of monomials. Illustrative examples are
provided to show the validity and applicability of the method.
On the residual algebraic free extension of a valuation on k to k(x)
Authors: Öke Figen
Published: May 2016

In this study the residual algebraic free extension of a valuation on a field
K to K(x) is studied. It is assumed that v is a valuation on K with rankv =
2 and the residual algebraic free extension w of v to K(x) with rankw = 3 is
defined for a special case.
Mannheim partner curves in Cartan-Vranceanu 3-space
Authors: Ceylan Ayse , Ergin Abdullah
Published: May 2016

In this paper, the Mannheim mate curves of the proper biharmonic curves in
Cartan-Vranceanu 3-dimensional spaces (M,ds2l,m), with l2 ? 4m and m ? 0 are
studied. We give the definition of the Mannheim mate of a proper biharmonic
curve and give the explicit parametric equations of that Mannheim mate curve
in Cartan-Vranceanu 3-dimensional space. Moreover, we show that the distance
between corresponding points of the Mannheim pairs is constant in
Cartan-Vranceanu 3-dimensional spaces.
Generating functions for two-variable polynomials related to a family of Fibonacci type polynomials and numbers
Authors: Ozdemir Gulsah , Simsek Yilmaz
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this paper is to construct generating functions for the family
of the Fibonacci and Jacobsthal polynomials. Using these generating functions
and their functional equations, we investigate some properties of these
polynomials. We also give relationships between the Fibonacci, Jacobsthal,
Chebyshev polynomials and the other well known polynomials. Finally, we give
some infinite series applications related to these polynomials and their
generating functions.
A note on hardy type sums and Dedekind sums
Authors: Cetin Elif
Published: May 2016

In [9], Cetin et al. defined a new special finite sum which is denoted by
C1(h,k). In this paper, with the help of two-term polynomial relation, we
will give the explicit values of the sum C1(h,k). We will see that for the
odd values of h and k, this sum only depends on one variable. After that we
will give many properties of this sum and connections with other well-known
finite sums such as the Dedekind sums, the Hardy sums and the Simsek sums
Y(h,k). By using the Fibonacci numbers and two-term polynomial relation, we
will also give some relations for these sums.
Distribution of β-amylase and lipoxygenase in soy protein products obtained during tofu production
Authors: Stanojevic Sladjana , Barac Miroljub , Pesic Mirjana , Vucelic-Radovic Biljana
Published: May 2016

Soybean is considered an important source of human food and animal feed. Okara and tofu whey are the main by-products of soymilk and tofu production. The distribution of enzymes ?-amylase and lipoxygenase (Lox) from six soybean genotypes in protein extracts of okara and tofu as well as in soymilk and tofu whey was assessed. SDS-electrophoretic results showed that production process significantly affected high molecular mass protein fractions of soybean by-products. Low amounts of Lox in soymilk were registered, while in okara protein extracts and tofu whey this enzyme was present in trace. In tofu protein extracts, Lox was registered in higher quantity that might be the result of the aggregation process during formation of the tofu gel. Content of ?-amylase in all soy protein products was high and similar to the content in soybean genotype. Content of ?-amylase in okara depended on respective soybean genotype.
Does Culture Influence Risk Perceptions?
Authors: Kim Hany , Schroeder Ashley , Pennington-Gray Lori
Published: May 2016

In an investigation of risk perceptions, this study found three distinct factors: risk perceptions associated with travel in general; risk perceptions associated with travel to the destination; and safety concerns associated with destination choice. This study also sought to examine
tourists' risk perceptions from a cross-cultural perspective. Accordingly, the influence of cultural differences in terms of Hofstede's Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), as well as destination past experience and sociodemographic characteristics on risk perceptions, were examined. The findings
indicated that age, gender, and UAI significantly influenced risk perceptions. Specifically, there was a positive relationship between UAI and both travel risk perceptions and destination risk perceptions. Travelers without past experience visiting the destination were associated with higher
destination risk perceptions and safety concerns than those with past experience. Furthermore, the findings revealed that destination past experience only played a significant moderating role in the relationship between age and travel risk perceptions.
SURFACE BRIGHTNESS PROFILES OF DWARF GALAXIES. II. COLOR TRENDS AND MASS PROFILES
Authors: Herrmann Kimberly A. , Hunter Deidre A. , Elmegreen Bruce G.
Published: May 2016

In this second paper of a series, we explore the B − V, U − B, and FUV−NUV radial color trends from a multi-wavelength sample of 141 dwarf disk galaxies. Like spirals, dwarf galaxies have three types of radial surface brightness profiles: (I) single exponential throughout the observed extent (the minority), (II) down-bending (the majority), and (III) up-bending. We find that the colors of (1) Type I dwarfs generally become redder with increasing radius, unlike spirals which have a blueing trend that flattens beyond ∼1.5 disk scale lengths, (2) Type II dwarfs come in six different “flavors,” one of which mimics the “U” shape of spirals, and (3) Type III dwarfs have a stretched “S” shape where the central colors are flattish, become steeply redder toward the surface brightness break, then remain roughly constant beyond, which is similar to spiral Type III color profiles, but without the central outward bluing. Faint (−9 > M

B
 > −14) Type II dwarfs tend to have continuously red or “U” shaped colors and steeper color slopes than bright (−14 > M

B
 > −19) Type II dwarfs, which additionally have colors that become bluer or remain constant with increasing radius. Sm dwarfs and BCDs tend to have at least some blue and red radial color trend, respectively. Additionally, we determine stellar surface mass density (Σ) profiles and use them to show that the break in Σ generally remains in Type II dwarfs (unlike Type II spirals) but generally disappears in Type III dwarfs (unlike Type III spirals). Moreover, the break in Σ is strong, intermediate, and weak in faint dwarfs, bright dwarfs, and spirals, respectively, indicating that Σ may straighten with increasing galaxy mass. Finally, the average stellar surface mass density at the surface brightness break is roughly 1−2 M
⊙ pc−2 for Type II dwarfs but higher at 5.9 M
⊙ pc−2 or 27 M
⊙ pc−2 for Type III BCDs and dIms, respectively.
A TEMPORAL ANALYSIS INDICATES A MILDLY RELATIVISTIC COMPACT JET IN GRS 1915+105
Authors: Punsly Brian , Rodriguez Jérôme
Published: May 2016

Most of our knowledge of the radio morphology and kinematics of X-ray binary partially synchrotron self-absorbed compact jets (hereafter, compact jets) is based on the observations of GRS 1915+105, which has the most prominent compact jet. Yet, the compact jet bulk velocity, v, is poorly constrained in the literature,

. In spite of this uncertainty, compact jets are often unified with relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei. We estimated v as part of a temporal analysis of GRS 1915+105 jets in “high plateau states” (HPS). We define HPS as a state showing a hard X-ray spectrum and low level of long-term (

s) X-ray activity associated with 15 GHz flux density

mJy for

consecutive days. The radio emission is associated with compact jet emission. Two HPS were monitored at 15 GHz during their termination with e-folding times of 3.8 and 8.6 hr. We combine this timescale with the scale of the spatial variation of the linear source of a Very Large Baseline Array image preceding the fade of one of these HPS in order to estimate the jet speed. Our assumption that the reduction in radio emissivity propagates as an approximate discontinuity down the HPS jet (leaving a weak jet in its wake) indicates

. This agrees closely with the only other existing v estimates that are derived directly from radio images, jet asymmetry produced by Doppler enhancement.
STICKING OF MOLECULES ON NONPOROUS AMORPHOUS WATER ICE
Authors: He Jiao , Acharyya Kinsuk , Vidali Gianfranco
Published: May 2016

Accurate modeling of physical and chemical processes in the interstellar medium (ISM) requires detailed knowledge of how atoms and molecules adsorb on dust grains. However, the sticking coefficient, a number between 0 and 1 that measures the first step in the interaction of a particle with a surface, is usually assumed in simulations of ISM environments to be either 0.5 or 1. Here we report on the determination of the sticking coefficient of H2, D2, N2, O2, CO, CH4, and CO2 on nonporous amorphous solid water. The sticking coefficient was measured over a wide range of surface temperatures using a highly collimated molecular beam. We showed that the standard way of measuring the sticking coefficient—the King–Wells method—leads to the underestimation of trapping events in which there is incomplete energy accommodation of the molecule on the surface. Surface scattering experiments with the use of a pulsed molecular beam are used instead to measure the sticking coefficient. Based on the values of the measured sticking coefficient, we suggest a useful general formula of the sticking coefficient as a function of grain temperature and molecule-surface binding energy. We use this formula in a simulation of ISM gas–grain chemistry to find the effect of sticking on the abundance of key molecules both on grains and in the gas phase.
SELECTING M GIANTS WITH INFRARED PHOTOMETRY: DISTANCES, METALLICITIES, AND THE SAGITTARIUS STREAM
Authors: Li Jing , Smith Martin C. , Zhong Jing , Hou Jinliang , Carlin Jeffrey L. , Newberg Heidi Jo , Liu Chao , Chen Li , Li Linlin , Shao Zhengyi , Small Emma , Tian Hao
Published: May 2016

Using a spectroscopically confirmed sample of M giants, M dwarfs, and quasars from the LAMOST survey, we assess how well Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Two Micron All Sky Survey color cuts can be used to select M giant stars. The WISE bands are very efficient at separating M giants from M dwarfs, and we present a simple classification that can produce a clean and relatively complete sample of M giants. We derive a new photometric relation to estimate the metallicity for M giants, calibrated using data from the APOGEE survey. We find a strong correlation between the

color and

, where almost all of the scatter is due to photometric uncertainties. We show that previous photometric distance relations, which are mostly based on stellar models, may be biased and devise a new empirical distance relation, investigating trends with metallicity and star formation history. Given these relations, we investigate the properties of M giants in the Sagittarius stream. The offset in the orbital plane between the leading and trailing tails is reproduced, and by identifying distant M giants in the direction of the Galactic anticenter, we confirm that the previously detected debris in the outer halo is the apocenter of the trailing tail. We also find tentative evidence supporting an existing overdensity near the leading tail in the northern Galactic hemisphere, possibly an extension to the trailing tail (so-called Branch C). We have measured the metallicity distribution along the stream, finding a clear metallicity offset between the leading and trailing tails, in agreement with models for the stream formation. We include an online table of M giants to facilitate further studies.
MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF A SUBARCSECOND PENUMBRAL TRANSIENT BRIGHTENING EVENT
Authors: Bai X. Y. , Su J. T. , Cao W. D. , Liu S. Q. , Deng Y. Y. , Priya T. G.
Published: May 2016

We report a subarcsecond penumbral transient brightening event with the high-spatial resolution observations from the 1.6 m New Solar Telescope (NST), Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), and the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The transient brightening, whose thermal energy is in the range of nanoflares, has signatures in the chromosphere, the transient region, and the corona. NST's Hα channel reveals the fine structure of the event with a width as narrow as 101 km (0.″14), which is much smaller than the width from the previous observation. The transient brightening lasts for about 3 minutes. It is associated with a redshift of about 17 km s−1, found in the Si iv 1402.77 Å line and exhibits an inward motion to the umbra with a speed of 87 km s−1. The small-scale energy released from the event has a multi-temperature component. Spectral analysis of the brightening region from IRIS shows that not only the transition region lines such as Si iv 1402.77 Å and C ii 1334.53 Å, but also the chromospheric Mg ii k 2796.35 Å line are significantly enhanced and broadened. In addition, the event can be found in all the extreme-ultraviolet passbands of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and the derived differential emission measure profile increases between 4 and 15 MK (or 6.6 ≤ log T ≤ 7.2) in the transient brightening phase. It is possible that the penumbral transient brightening event is caused by magnetic reconnection.
SECOND-GENERATION STELLAR DISKS IN DENSE STAR CLUSTERS AND CLUSTER ELLIPTICITIES
Authors: Mastrobuono-Battisti Alessandra , Perets Hagai B.
Published: May 2016

Globular clusters (GCs) and nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are typically composed of several stellar populations, characterized by different chemical compositions. Different populations show different ages in NSCs, but not necessarily in GCs. The youngest populations in NSCs appear to reside in disk-like structures as observed in our Galaxy and in M31. Gas infall followed by formation of second-generation (SG) stars in GCs may similarly form disk-like structures in the clusters nuclei. Here we explore this possibility and follow the long-term evolution of stellar disks embedded in GCs, and study their effects on the evolution of the clusters. We study disks with different masses by means of detailed N-body simulations and explore their morphological and kinematic signatures on the GC structures. We find that as a SG disk relaxes, the old, first-generation stellar population flattens and becomes more radially anisotropic, making the GC structure become more elliptical. The SG stellar population is characterized by a lower velocity dispersion and a higher rotational velocity compared with the primordial older population. The strength of these kinematic signatures depends both on the relaxation time of the system and on the fractional mass of the SG disk. We therefore conclude that SG populations formed in flattened configurations will give rise to two systematic trends: (1) a positive correlation between GC ellipticity and fraction of SG population and (2) a positive correlation between GC relaxation time and ellipticity. Therefore, GC ellipticities and rotation could be related to the formation of SG stars and their initial configuration.
HOOKED FLARE RIBBONS AND FLUX-ROPE-RELATED QSL FOOTPRINTS
Authors: Zhao Jie , A. Gilchrist Stuart , Aulanier Guillaume , Schmieder Brigitte , Pariat Etienne , Li Hui
Published: May 2016

We studied the magnetic topology of active region 12158 on 2014 September 10 and compared it with the observations before and early in the flare that begins at 17:21 UT (SOL2014-09-10T17:45:00). Our results show that the sigmoidal structure and flare ribbons of this active region observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly can be well reproduced from a Grad–Rubin nonlinear force-free field extrapolation method. Various inverse-S- and inverse-J-shaped magnetic field lines, which surround a coronal flux rope, coincide with the sigmoid as observed in different extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths, including its multithreaded curved ends. Also, the observed distribution of surface currents in the magnetic polarity where it was not prescribed is well reproduced. This validates our numerical implementation and setup of the Grad–Rubin method. The modeled double inverse-J-shaped quasi-separatrix layer (QSL) footprints match the observed flare ribbons during the rising phase of the flare, including their hooked parts. The spiral-like shape of the latter may be related to a complex pre-eruptive flux rope with more than one turn of twist, as obtained in the model. These ribbon-associated flux-rope QSL footprints are consistent with the new standard flare model in 3D, with the presence of a hyperbolic flux tube located below an inverse-teardrop-shaped coronal QSL. This is a new step forward forecasting the locations of reconnection and ribbons in solar flares and the geometrical properties of eruptive flux ropes.
SHELS: COMPLETE REDSHIFT SURVEYS OF TWO WIDELY SEPARATED FIELDS
Authors: Geller Margaret J. , Hwang Ho Seong , Dell’Antonio Ian P. , Zahid Harus Jabran , Kurtz Michael J. , Fabricant Daniel G.
Published: May 2016

The Smithsonian Hectospec Lensing Survey (SHELS) is a complete redshift survey covering two well-separated fields (F1 and F2) of the Deep Lens Survey (DLS). Both fields are more than 94% complete to a Galactic extinction corrected R
0 = 20.2. Here, we describe the redshift survey of the F1 field centered at R.A.2000 = 00h53m25.ˢ3 and decl.2000 = 12°33′55″; like F2, the F1 field covers ∼4 deg2. The redshift survey of the F1 field includes 9426 new galaxy redshifts measured with Hectospec on the MMT (published here). As a guide to future uses of the combined survey, we compare the mass metallicity relation and the distributions of D

n
4000 as a function of stellar mass and redshift for the two fields. The mass–metallicity relations differ by an insignificant 1.6σ. For galaxies in the stellar mass range 1010–1011
M
⊙, the increase in the star-forming fraction with redshift is remarkably similar in the two fields. The seemingly surprising 31%–38% difference in the overall galaxy counts in F1 and F2 is probably consistent with the expected cosmic variance given the subtleties of the relative systematics in the two surveys. We also review the DLS cluster detections in the two fields: poorer photometric data for F1 precluded secure detection of the single massive cluster at z = 0.35 that we find in SHELS. Taken together, the two fields include 16,055 redshifts for galaxies with

and 20,754 redshifts for galaxies with R ≤ 20.6. These dense surveys in two well-separated fields provide a basis for future investigations of galaxy properties and large-scale structure.
Characterization and Cytotoxicity Analysis of a Ciprofloxacin Loaded Chitosan/Bioglass Scaffold on Cultured Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: a Preliminary Report
Authors: Abdelfattah Maha I. , Nasry Sherine A. , Mostafa Amani A.
Published: May 2016

AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the cytotoxicity of ciprofloxacin (CIP) loaded on chitosan bioactive glass scaffold on human periodontal ligament stem cells (PLSCs) in vitro.MATERIALS AND METHODS: PLSCs obtained from human third molars, cultures treated with medium containing 15 x 15 mm chitosan/bioactive glass scaffolds without/with different concentration 0, 5, 10, and 20 % of CIP. A total of 15 x 10^3 cells were plated in 6 well plates. The attached cells of each group were harvested from the plates after 1, 4 and 8 days of culture to detect the viability of cells. The cell number was determined using a hemocytometer and the trypan blue dye-exclusion assay. Data was analyzed using normality using Shapiro-Wilk test. Comparisons between groups were made using One-way ANOVA complemented by Tukey's test.RESULTS: When comparing the proliferation rate of cells in the four groups, no statistically significant difference was found (P = 0.633). With regards to cell viability, no statistical difference was found between the 0, 5, and 10 % CIP concentrations, while the 20 % CIP concentration demonstrated the least viability with a high statistically significant difference (P = 0.003).CONCLUSION: Twenty percentages CIP demonstrated the least proliferation rate and viability.
Clinical Effects of Standard and Individualized Dialysate Sodium in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Eftimovskaâ€“Otovic Natasa , Stojceva-Taneva Olivera , Grozdanovski Risto , Stojcev Saso
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND: The degree to which the dialysate prescription and, in particular, the dialysate sodium concentration influences blood pressure and interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) via changes in sodium flux, plasma volume or the other parameters is not well understood. The aim of the study was to investigate whether dialysis patients will have some beneficial effects of dialysate sodium set up according to serum sodium or sodium modeling.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety-two nondiabetic subjects (52 men and 40 women) performed 12 consecutive hemodialysis (HD) sessions (4 weeks) with dialysate sodium concentration set up on 138 mmol/L (standard sodium â€“ first phase), followed by 24 sessions (second phase) wherein dialysate sodium was set up according to individualized sodium. Variables of interest were: systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure, pulse, IDWG, thirst score â€“ (Xerostomia Inventory (XI) and Dialysis Thirst Inventory (DTI)) and side effects (occurrence of hypotension and muscle cramps). After the first phase, the subjects were divided into 3 groups: normotensive (N=76), hypertensive (N= 11) and hypotensive (N=5) based on the average pre-HD systolic BP during the whole period of the first phase.RESULTS: Sodium individualization resulted in significantly lower blood pressure (133.61 Â± 11.88 versus 153.60 Â± 14.26 mmHg; p=0.000) and IDWG (2.21 Â± 0.93 versus 1.87 Â± 0.92 kg; p=0.018) in hypertensive patients, whereas normotensive patients showed only significant decrease in IDWG (2.21 Â± 0.72 versus 2.06 Â± 0.65, p=0,004). Sodium profiling in hypotensive patients significantly increased IDWG (2.45 vs. 2.74, p= 0,006), and had no impact on blood pressure. Thirst score was significantly lower in normotensive patients with individualized-sodium HD and showed no change in the other two groups. During the second phase, hypotension occurred in only 1 case and muscle cramps in 10 normotensive patients.CONCLUSION: Individualized sodium resulted in clinical benefits in normotensive and hypertensive patients.
Risk Factors for Postoperative Pulmonary Complications after Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Kodra Nertila , Shpata Vjollca , Ohri Ilir
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND: Incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) in patients undergoing non-cardiothoracic surgery remains high and the occurrence of these complications has enormous implications for the patient and the health care system.AIM: The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for PPC in patients undergoing abdominal surgical procedures.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study in abdominal surgical patients, admitted to the emergency and surgical ward of the UHC of Tirana, Albania, was conducted during the period: March 2014-March 2015. We collected data on the occurrence of a symptomatic and clinically significant PPC using clinical, laboratory, and radiology data. We evaluated the relations between PPCs and various pre-operative or intra-operative factors to identify risk factors.RESULTS: A total of 450 postoperative patients admitted to the surgical emergency and surgical ward were studied. The mean age were 59.85 Â±13.64 years with 59.3% being male. Incidence of PPC was 27.3% (123 patients) and hospital length of stay was 4.93 Â± 4.65 days. Length of stay was substantially prolonged for those patients who developed PPC (7.48 Â± 2.89 days versus 3.97Â± 4.83 days, p < 0.0001. PPC were identified as risk factors for mortality, OR: 21.84; 95%CI: 11.66-40.89; P < 0.0001. The multivariate regression analysis identified as being independently associated with an increased risk of PPC: age â‰¥ 65 years (OR 11.41; 95% CI: 4.84-26.91, p < 0.0001), duration of operation â‰¥ 2.5 hours (OR 8.38; 95%CI: 1.52-46.03, p = 0.01, history of previous pulmonary diseases (OR 11.12; 95% CI: 3.28-37.65, P = 0.0001) and ASA > 2 (OR 6.37; 95% CI: 1.54-26.36, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: We must do some efforts in reducing postoperative pulmonary complications, firstly to identify which patients are at increased risk, and then following more closely high-risk patients because those patients are most likely to benefit.