bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Comparison and Evaluation about Boundary Water Environment Protection Mechanism between China and Canada
Authors: Jiao Yan Peng , Zhang Ting
Published: October 2011

This paper will compare and evaluate the protection mechanism about boundary water environment between China and Canada, through the comparison and evaluation, the author will point out what can China learns from Canada: To enact bilateral or multilateral treaties; To establish the idea of overall protection on boundary aquatic ecosystems; To improve the protection mechanism; To promote public participation in boundary water environmental protection.
Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Cultured Cordyceps militaris on Bombyx mori Ovary Cell Lines
Authors: Wang Wei Yue , Sun Wen Xian , Peng Guang Da , Dai Li Yi , Liu Li Hua , Li Bing
Published: October 2011

The caterpillar-shaped Chinese medicinal mushroom cordyceps sinensis has been used in China as a food or herbal medicine to treat numerous diseases. As uncultivated cordyceps sinensis is becoming extremely rare, the price of this herbal medicine is very high. In order to study the pharmacological effects and to minimize the cost, an economical method for culturing of cordyceps sinensis has been developed, which could be processed to large-scale production. We compared the pharmacological components, and the apoptosis inducing activity in BmN cells with both cultured and uncultivated cordyceps sinensis. Based on the real-time PCR of five genes in cyclin family, the aqueous extracts at a concentration of 1mg/ml inhibited 90% of the gene expression when the cells were for 48 hours. Our results indicate that cultured cordyceps sinensis has a higher content of polysaccharide and the aqueous extract shows significant inhibition effect on the BmN cells.
A Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Heat Transport in the Coastal Areas of the Houshi Power Plant
Authors: Zhu Mu Lan , Cai Long Yan , Cao Wen Zhi , Zhou Quan Lin
Published: October 2011

The thermal discharge from the Houshi power plant has been increased continuously with the increase in power supply. In order to understand the waste heat pollution conditions in the coastal areas of the Houshi power plant, we proposed a modified Princeton Ocean Model (POM) model to conduct three-dimensional numerical simulations for heat transport in the coastal areas of the plant. The proposed model was verified using observation data in 2002 under previous operational condition of the power plant with a thermal discharge of . The verification results indicate that the simulation results of heat transport have a good agreement with observation ones.
Study on Sintering Red Mud Desulphurization Characteristics in Liquid-Column Impingement Scrubber
Authors: Zhao Jian Li , Wan Xiao Tao , Xu Yu Tao , Wang Ming Ming , Li Ying Jie
Published: October 2011

The feasibility of sintering red mud as wet desulphurization sorbent was studied in this paper. The comparative study of desulphurization efficiency by using sintering red mud and traditional desulphurization sorbent-limestone had done in Liquid-column impingement Scrubber apparatus. The effects of gas velocity, liquid-gas ratio and pH value on desulphurization efficiency were studied. Results show that the desulphurization efficiency of sintering red mud is lower than that of limestone in the same slurry mass concentration, while the sintering red mud can be used as desulphurization sorbent when increase its slurry solid content in appropriate way. The gas and droplets can mix well in absorption section when the gas velocity is upper than 2.7m/s. The desulphurization efficiency higher than 80% can be obtained when L/G ratio higher than 15L/m3 and the pH values between 5.2- 7.
Pollen Biology of Robinia pseudoacacia on Zhen Mountain in Yantai
Authors: Pan Cheng Chen , Liu Lin De , Zhao Ha Lin , Zhao Xue Yong , Zhang Li , Wang Li Juan , Jia Xing Jun
Published: October 2011

The pollen–ovule ratios, pollen fertility rate, pollen viability and longevity, pollen histochemistry of Robinia pseudoacacia flowers were determined in the field on Zhen Mountain in Yantai, Shandong province in China. The main results were as follows: Robinia pseudoacacia is completely fertile and has starchy pollen. The pollen longevity was about 80h. The pollen viability was higher than 90% at the beginning of anthesis on sunny days. 80h later, most pollen grains lose their viability. Pollen–ovule ratio (P/O) is 192±19. Accoring to Cruden, R. pseudoacacia is facultative autogamous.
Microwave Synthesis of Nanosilver Colloidal Suspension for Anti-Bacterial Coating
Authors: Yang Hsi Chi , Wang Jung Pin , Hsieh Chien Te
Published: October 2011

This article reports a microwave-assisted route to synthesize nanosilver colloidal suspension and to deposit silver nanoparticles onto activated carbon fabrics (ACFs). The properties of the nanosilver suspension are characterized in terms of bacterial inactivation and growth inhibition. The metallic Ag nanocrystals with narrow size distribution are uniformly dispersed onto ACFs under the microwave irradiation of 1 min. Microwave irradiation is capable of heating up the reaction solution homogeneously, inducing uniform nucleation and rapid crystal growth to form the Ag crystallites. This work aims to elucidate how as-grown Ag nanoparticles affect the inactivation of Escherchia coli (E. coli) and how Ag-ACF surface inhibits the bacterial growth. The Ag colloidal suspension offers superior anti-bacterial ability against E. coli cells at a low concentration of 20 mg/L. Thus, the study has established a simple, efficient and effective process in the synthesis of both Ag colloidal suspension and Ag-ACF composite.
A New Method for LAI Spatial Scaling Based on Gaussian Distribution Theory
Authors: Dong Ying Ying , Wang Ji Hua , Li Cun Jun , Xu Xin Gang , Zhao Jin Ling , Wang Hui Fang , Huang Wen Jiang
Published: October 2011

Considering spatial heterogeneity of LAI and nonlinearity of its inversion model, a new spatial scaling method based on Gaussian distribution theory was proposed, aiming to quantitatively analyze scale effects and reveal scaling rules. In this method, higher spatial resolution data, obeying Gaussian distribution when the volume is large enough, were taken as baseline. Statistical parameters and Gaussian distribution forms were integrated into the process of spatial scaling. Barley was selected as experimental object. Firstly, multi-resolution data at 10m, 15m, 20m and 30m were constructed based on 5m resolution data through up-scaling algorithms. Secondly, extracting statistics of these data and constructing scaling data based on Gaussian distribution theory. Finally, quantitatively analyzing scale effects of LAI by introducing sensitive bands ordering and multivariate linear regression. Number of effective bands, R2 of observations and estimations, and MRA could fully confirm the feasibility and validity of this proposed method.
Using Temperature Vegetation Drought Index for Monitoring Drought Based on Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Huang Lin Sheng , Guan Qing Song , Dong Yan Sheng , Zhang Dong Yan , Huang Wen Jiang , Liang Dong
Published: October 2011

Drought is one of the major natural disasters in China, it has extremely affected national food security. In this study, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and surface temperature (Ts) were calculated by using 8-day composite Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflectance product data MOD09A1 and MOD11A2, then NDVI-Ts feature space was obtained and dry edge and wet edge equation was fit. According to coefficients of dry edge and wet edge equation, Temperature Vegetation Drought Index (TVDI) will be calculated and refer it as a drought monitoring indicator. In addition, drought monitoring and classification of Shandong province (China) was completed by TVDI from February to May,2011. Furthermore, the drought classification diagram was made and the drought area in each period was counted. The results showed revealed that: NDVI-Ts feature was roughly a triangular shape in the two-dimensional plane, and drought conditions could be better monitored through TVDI. Finally, the desktop demonstration system of drought monitoring was designed and some general functions were realized based on ArcGis Engine.
Study on A2O Method for Co-Treatment of Landfill Leachate and Municipal Sewage
Authors: Zhang Si Ruo , Zhang Tie Jian , Liu Jun Liang , Li Yan
Published: October 2011

To solve the problem of huge investment and high difficulty of individually treating landfill leachate, the experiment adopted A2O simulated wastewater treatment plant to treat landfill leachate combined with municipal sewage.Under the conditions of 11h HRT, 1.0-2.0mg/L DO concentration, 200% mixture reflux proportion, 80% sludge reflux proportion and 20d sludge age, adding langdfill leachate to municipal sewage with the proportion of 1:1500, 1:1000 and 1:600, the effluent concentration can achieve the first order A standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. When the proportions come to 1:400 and 1:200,the effluent quality can’t reach the standard. After a comprehensive consideration of water quality and landfill leachate treatment amount in practice, we can draw a conclusion that the 1:600 proportion is the most suitable one of adding landfill leachate to municipal sewage.
Application of Data Mining on Reservoir
Authors: Wang Li Chang , Wang Zhi Zhang , Tao Guo
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Domestic oil-gas fields are almost approaching production tail, and an increasing number of non-traditional oil-gas reservoirs are encountered during the process of exploratory development, which leads to a urgent requirement for an advanced method in that conventional methods, such as cross plot and multiple linear regression cannot precisely describe such complex oil-gas reservoirs. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to come up with method of Decision Tree as final model for identification of reservoir fluid based on the comparison of advantage and disadvantage of fours methods, including Decision Tree, Support Vector Machines, Artificial Neural Network and Bayesian Network. In sum, data mining is a prospective applied method in oil reservoir geology.
A New Method of Preparing Artificial Cores with Certain Cracks for Experiment Study of Elastic Wave Propagation
Authors: Wang Zi Zhen , Wang Ri He , Bu Yu Huan , Shan Xun
Published: October 2011

Crack universally existing underground is an important kind of pores. In order to study the elastic wave propagation in fractured medium through experiment, a new method to make artificial core with certain cracks using oil well cement and camphor sheet or thin steel sheet is put forward. Geometric parameters of the crack, such as shape, size and aspect ratio, are approximately equal to that of camphor sheet or thin steel sheet. Using the thin steel sheet to make crack can be more easy and accurate to control the crack angle than using camphor sheet. The crack opening scales at millimeters. The aspect ratio of cracks formed by camphor sheet ranges from 1.4 to 8, and aspect ratio of cracks formed by thin steel sheet ranges from 2.5 to 70. This method is proved simple and feasible by experiment practice, which can provide artificial cores with certain crack for acoustic wave propagation study.
Land Consolidation-Induced Effects on Local Landscape Patterns in Hilly and Mountainous Southwestern China
Authors: Fan Fang Ling , Wei Chao Fu , Yin Shuai
Published: October 2011

Land Consolidation Project (LCP), as a kind of drastic disturbance by human intentional activities, significantly changes landscape pattern. The information of landscape pattern from land-use map and planning map (scale: 1:2000) were extracted by taking the land consolidation project in hilly and mountainous area of Bashan Town, Zhong County, Chongqing, Southwestern China as an example. The whole landscape structure and each land use type class level metrics of landscape pattern were calculated. Then their effects on local landscape patterns were estimated by Fragstats for Arcview. Sixteen metrics had been chosen to describe the changes before and after LCP. The total area of the research region was 1037.45 hm2, and arable land area accounted for 80.95%, therefore heterogeneous map was mosaic. Land Leveling Project (LLP) got each patch of arable land expanded. The fragmentation was sharply reduced .The complex of patches edge was decreased. The shape of each field was ruled. And all above were beneficial for the growth of crop and plantation, especially in a large scale. LCP could reallocate fragment parcels and improve agricultural conditions.
Electric Field Inverse Problem Analysis of Disk-Type Insulator in GIS Based on APDL
Authors: Ma Ai Qing , Zhang Zhou Sheng
Published: October 2011

Along with the structural miniaturization and three-phase-in-one-tank of GIS, the Electrical performance of disk-type insulator in GIS becomes more important for designers. In this paper, the two dimensional electric field intensity and potential distribution of disk-type insulator in GIS is calculated by finite element method (FEM). Based on calculation results, structure optimization for disk-type insulator is implemented by solving the related inverse problem by using ANSYS optimal tool based on APDL. The numerical analysis results can propose the advice and theory support for engineering practice.
Yingkou YuLong Jade Ore Forming Conditions and Mineralization Analysis
Authors: Liang Shuai , Wang Yong Chun , Zhai Fu Rong
Published: October 2011

Study area is located north Wazigou of Xiuyan jade mining area west extension, it has the North Wazigou jade ore-forming conditions are very similar. Based on the North Wazigou and Yu-long background of the two regions and the metallogenic geological conditions of the systems analysis, and summarized jade Metallogenesis, we can come to Yulong ore-forming region has good potential.
Effects of High Temperature and Overpressure on Deep Reservoir in Qiongdongnan Basin, Northwestern South China Sea
Authors: Xiao Jun , Zhu Bei , Liao Ji Hua
Published: October 2011

Abnormal temperature and pressure with their effects on deep reservoir is the frontier in petroleum geology. Taking Qiongdongnan basin as a case study, the geological settings of this basin are primarily analyzed in this paper. Then, based on the full consideration of sedimentation and diagenesis, effects of abnormal temperature and pressure on deep reservoir are discussed. Main conclusions are drawn as following: (1) high geothermal or geothermal gradient accelerates the reduction of sandstone porosity, (2) high geothermal or geothermal gradient can improve the reservoir properties by promoting the dissolution of carbonate minerals, the filling of hydrocarbon and the development of overpressure, (3) overpressure can preserve partial primary pores, (4) overpressure can inhibit the growth of some cements and slow down the destruction of diagenesis on deep reservoir, and (5) overpressure can generate some secondary pores by enhancing dissolution.
Study on Integrated Zoning of Land Use in Mining Regions - A Case Study of Pu County in Shanxi Province
Authors: Wang Yang , Yuan Chun , Fu Mei Chen , Zhang Jian Jun
Published: October 2011

Under the influence of new land use planning, the condition of man-land harmony is received more and more attention, for the purpose of reaching the harmonization of social, economic and ecological benefits, then realizing sustainable land use. Therefore, an effective way to optimize land space utilization and to improve the overall efficiency is necessary. This paper focused on integrated zoning study of land use taking Pu county as a case. Firstly, the study built an index system; then used principal component analysis and cluster analysis method. The results showed three integrated land use areas were formed according to functional characteristics in leading industries, which can not only provide a reference for land-use zoning of the study area, but also ensure rational and efficient use of the regional land resources, ultimately promoting coordinated regional development.
Transfer of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) from Roadside Soil to Ornamental Plants in Nanjing, China
Authors: Ding Zhu Hong , Hu Xin
Published: October 2011

Roadside soil, dusts, and three ornamental plants-Begoniaceae (Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto), Tagetes (Tagetes erecta Linn.), and Salvia (Salvia splendens Ker-Gawle) were collected from urban arteries in Nanjing City, China. Concentrations of metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atom emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cd was the most important contaminant in roadside soil and dusts. Generally, Begoniaceae accumulated more metals than Tagetes and Salvia. The order of bioconcentration factor values for three kinds of plants were Cd > Cu > Zn > Pb, suggesting Cd was more easily accumulated by ornamental plants than Zn and Pb from soils to roots. The values of the translocation factor show the significant species specific characteristics on the ability of metals (Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb) translocation from roots to leaves. Begoniaceae was recommended as a bioindicator of heavy metals in the urban environment.
Kinetic Studies for the Inhibition Effect of Pentachlorophenol on Alkaline Phosphatase Activity In Vitro
Authors: Liu Qiong Yu
Published: October 2011

The inhibition kinetic parameters of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on bovine intestinal mucosa alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were studied by spectrophotometry. The results showed that PCP inhibited ALP activity in a concentration dependent manner, and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was estimated to be 4.20 mM. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) and apparent maximum reaction rate (Vmax) was found to be decreased in the presence of PCP. Lineweaver–Burk plots indicated that the nature of the inhibition was of an uncompetitive type. Kinetic analysis indicated that the value of the inhibition constant (Ki) was 5.67 mM.
Study on Adsorption Properties of Lignocellulose/ Organic Montmorillonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Min Min , Wang Li , Wang Ai Qin
Published: October 2011

Lignocellulose/organic montmorillonite (LNC/OMMT) nanocomposites have been prepared by the solution intercalation method from pristine montmorillonite (MMT),using Cetyl three methyl brominated ammonium(CTAB) as the reactive compatibilizer between LNC and MMT .Then the nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Scanning electron microscope(SEM).Diffferent preparation conditions influence of the adsorption property on nanocomposites for Congo Red were studied. The characterization results indicate that LNC molecules have intercalated into the interlayers of OMMT and increased its interlayer distance. The intercalated structure was formed in LNC/OMMT nanocomposits. The adsorption result show that the nanocomposits have higher adsorption capacity with weight ratio of LNC to OMMT 6:1, reaction temperature 50°C, reaction time 6 h, concentration of NaOH 10%.
QSAR Models to Predict Effect of Concentration on the Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds onto XAD-4 and ZH-01
Authors: Gu Yun Lan , Li Zhen Xing , Fei Zheng Hao , Zhang Gen Cheng
Published: October 2011

It is assumed that the experimental adsorption capacity of phenolic compounds onto resin depends upon the molecular properties as well as background concentration of the aquatic system. The utility of this concept has been demonstrated by incorporating concentration as a parameter in quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). DFT-B3LYP method, with the basis set 6-311G **, was employed to calculate quantum mechanical and physicochemical descriptors of phenolic compounds. The logarithm of the adsorption capacity of phenolic compounds on XAD-4 and ZH-01 investigated from the static experiment along with the descriptors mentioned above were used to establish QSAR models. The variables were reduced using stepwise multiple regression method, and the statistical results indicated that the correlation coefficient in the multiple linear regression (MLR) and cross-validation using leave-one-out(LOO) were 0.966, 0.920, 0.905 and 0.797, respectively. To validate the predictive power of resulting models, external validation was performed with Qext2 values of 0.927 and 0.849, respectively. The developed models suggest that the adsorption mechanism of phenolic compounds onto XAD-4 and ZH-01 is different. Concentration, hydrophobic parameter are dominant factors governing the adsorption capacity of phenolic compounds onto XAD-4, while concentration and energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital are dominant factors controlling that of phenolic compounds on ZH-01. The consistency between experimental and predicted values indicates that the developed models can be used for estimating adsorption capacity of phenolic compounds onto XAD-4 and ZH-01.
Advances in Studies on the Adsorption of Dyes in Wastewater Using Mesoporous Materials
Authors: Gu Xing Xing , Han Ya , Chen Jin Jin , Chen Jian Rong
Published: October 2011

Due to their large surface areas, high pore volumes, relatively even distributions of pore sizes, surfaces enriched with unsaturated groups and orderly long-range structures, the mesoporous materials have been widely applied in industries such as chemical, biomedical, environmental protection and functional materials. In recent years, many scientists have demonstrated that the mesoporous molecular sieves have better adsorption of dyes in wastewater. This paper reviews the applications of different types of mesoporous adsorbents for removal of dyes in wastewater. It also presents the challenges and prospects in using the mesoporous materials for dye removal in wastewater treatment.
Superior Adsorption Properties of Dyeing Wastewater on PDMDAAC Modified Bentonite
Authors: Shao Hong , Cao Ning
Published: October 2011

With the development of printing and dyeing industry, the nation has become the world's largest dye production and use country. With the complex composition and high color, the dyeing wastewater was currently recognized as one of the more difficult industrial wastewater to deal with. The bentonites was modified by PDMDAAC and applied into the treatment of dyeing wastewater. The treatment process was optimized with the index of decoloration rate. The decoloration rate reached 99.76% under the optimized conditions of adsorbent dosage=2g/L, pH=11, adsorption time=80min, stirring speed=350r/min, solution concentrate=500mg/L. The orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate the interaction between various reaction conditions. The superiority of PDMDAAC modified bentonite was confirmed by the comparing experiment.
Synthesis of Coal Fly Ash Zeolite with Copper Oxide Load for Acid Red GR Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Jiang Bo Quan , Xiao Zheng Qiang
Published: October 2011

The waste coal fly ash was utilized to synthesize zeolite by alkaline fusion method through orthogonal test. The copper oxide was loaded on the zeolite by dipping method. The optimal ratio of coal fly ash to sodium hydroxide, ratio of liquid to solid, calcining temperature and crystallization time were determined to be 1.2, 9, 700°C and 10 h, respectively. The CuO dipped zeolite was applied to treat the acid red GR wastewater and the obtained color and COD removal rates were 83.80% and 99.88%, respectively. The XRD pattern showed that the NaA type zeolite phase was formed in the experiment.
Removeal of Arsenic(III) from Water by Using a New Class of Zero-Valent Iron Modified Mesoporous Silica Molecular Sieves SBA-15
Authors: Ye Meng , Huang Jin , Chen Rui , He Qi Zhuang
Published: October 2011

An elevated arsenic (As) content in groundwater imposes a great threat to people worldwide. Thus, developing new and cost-effective methods to remove As from groundwater and drinking water becomes a priority. Using Zero-Valent iron (ZVI) to remove As from water is a proven technology. In this study, ZVI modified SBA-15 mesoporous silicamolecular sieves (ZVI-SBA-15), was prepared, characterized, and used for removing arsenic from water. Wet impregnation, drying, and calcination steps led to iron inclusion within the mesopores. Iron oxide was reduced to ZVI by NaBH4, and the ZVI modified SBA-15 was obtained. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy conﬁrmed the preparation process of the nitrate to oxide forms. The structure of the materials was conﬁrmed by Powder X-ray diﬀraction. Its data indicated that the structure of ZVI-SBA-15 retained the host SBA-15 structure. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis revealed a decrease in surface area and pore size, indicating ZVI-SBA-15 coating on the inner surfaces. Transmission electron micrographs also conﬁrmed that modiﬁed SBA-15 retained the structure of the parent SBA-15 silica.It has a high uptake capability(more than 90 pecent) make it potentially attractive absorbent for the removal of arsenic from water.
Comparison Study on Support Effect of Co-Series Compound Oxide Catalysts Supported Rare Earth
Authors: Li Xue , Hu Rui Sheng , Hu Jia Nan , Bai Ya Qin
Published: October 2011

The catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method and characterized thought X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), measurement of surface area, differial thermal and thermogravimetric analysis. Rare-earth compound oxides La 0.8Sr0.2CoO3 act as active component; Alumina act as carriers. The effects were investigated on loading amounts of active components, calcinations temperature and the addition components on the catalytic oxidation of xylene.
Optimization of Phenol Biodegradation by a Novel 2,3-Dimethylphenol-Degrading Pseudomonas Isolate
Authors: Xiao Zi Jun , Huo Fang Fang , Qi Rui Qian , Huang Yun Ling
Published: October 2011

Abnormally discharged phenols work as toxic pollutants to living environments. In this work, the operation conditions of a newly isolated 2,3-dimethylphenol-degrading Pseudomonas strain including temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were investigated. Mixed phenols could be degraded efficiently in diluted mineral-salts medium, avoiding excessive ammonia and phosphate pollution. The results illustrated the potential of bacterial remediation of phenolic pollutants without eutrophication caused by the addition of bacterial growth nutrients.
The Preparation and Characterization of a New High Polymeric Flocculant-Polymeric Aluminum Ferric Sulfate Chloride
Authors: Pan Lu Ting , Wang Wen Lei , Yu Bo , Shu Yu Bao
Published: October 2011

With AlCl3 and FeSO4 as the major raw material, the preparation process of a new high polymer flocculant-polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate chloride(PAFSC) was researched, to offset the polymeric aluminum and the polymerization iron flocculants’ lacks, and draw their strong points. The product was characterized by Al-Fe-Ferron timed complex colorimetric, IR and XRD methods, to study the flocculant’s morphological characteristics. The results show that The PFASC, with better coagulating property than the market PAC, has higher contents of Alb and Al-OH-Fe bond, and the introduction of iron restrains the forming of Al-OH-Al.
Mixture of Walnut Shell and Sand Used to Nitrate Removal in Groundwater
Authors: Feng Hai Gang , Wang He Li , Jing Liu Xin
Published: October 2011

The excess nitrate in groundwater could be removed by heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria, though often limited by scarce carbon source present. Denitrification in two columns filled with walnut shell and its mixture with silica sand was studied. Both media showed high nitrate removal (>90%) with trace amounts of nitrite left over. The nitrate removal rates of two columns, 0.039±0.003, 0.029±0.003 g N L-1d-1, respectively, were zero order (r2=0.9181, 0.9998 for each column) in kinetics, which demonstrated a low C/N ratio herein. Despite of the implication that denitrification was carbon-limited, the organic matter residue in both columns, especially in pure walnut shell, were still problematic. The mixture media was suggested as potential PRB media for its satisfactory nitrate removal and relatively low COD residue; though we believed these hardly degradable organic residues require more study.
Investigation of Hydrogen Bonding Interaction between Bolaform Schiff Bases with Barbituric Acid by HPLC
Authors: Tong Qi , Jiao Ti Feng
Published: October 2011

In order to investigate the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of special amphiphiles, two bolaform amphiphilic Schiff bases (GN1 and GN2) with different hydrophilic spacers were designed, and their interaction with barbituric acid were tested by liquid chromatography. The chromatographic properties showed that both the Schiff bases showed hydrogen bonding interaction with barbituric acid. In addition, the influence of various detectors was also studied on both cases. Experimental results show that the test with FLD showed better determination than other detectors. It is proposed that due to the directionality and strong matching of hydrogen bond, one barbituric acid molecule can be encapsulated into the intramolecular area of GN1, while two barbituric acid molecules were trapped into the GN2 molecule through intermolecular H-bonds for GN2 due to the long spacer and flexible structure. A rational complex mode was proposed.
New Preparative Method of Zinc Oxide Nanofibers Grafted the Expanded Graphite
Authors: Dong Jin Hui , Zhao Ying Hua , Zhu Min Cong , Li Deng Xin , Zhang Ying Chen
Published: October 2011

A simple method was developed for the preparation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofibers grafted on the expanded graphite(EG) under routine conditions. The synthesized materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results show that the ZnO nanofibers, with a diameter of 50-150 nm, were randomly deposited on the expanded graphite.
Preparation and Characterization of Biomass Carbon Adsorbent from Rice Husk and its Adsorption Properties on p-Chlorophenol
Authors: Quan Gui Xiang , Yan Jin Long , Ding Cheng
Published: October 2011

Carbon materials possess special structural and fascinating functions. The use of biomass raw material to produce a variety of carbon materials can reduce the cost of production, and also achieve the sustainable development of carbon materials. A series of biomass carbon adsorbent were prepared by controlling the different carbonization temperatures (100 ~ 700 °C) using rice husk as the representatives of biomass, and the structure of these obtained biomass carbon were characterized by FT-IR. Adsorption properties of p-chlorophenol on the biomass carbon were also investigated. Results shown that the C/H and C/O values were decreased with the increasing carbonization temperatures, with the increasing of aromatic fractions in the biomass carbon materials. p-Chlorophenol was significantly adsorbed on the surface of these biomass carbon, the higher adsorption capacity was found in the biomass carbon produced with higher carbonization temperatures. The obtained results can be used for the further research in the study of adsorption properties and mechanism of biomass carbon in wastewater treatment.
Preparation and Microwave Absorption Property of the Core-Nanoshell Composite Materials Doped with Sm
Authors: Che Ru Xin , Yu Bing , Wang Chun Xia , Wei Li Qiu
Published: October 2011

The core-nanoshell composite materials doped with Sm were prepared by a solid-state reaction method. The core is magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere, and the shell is the nanosized ferrite doped with Sm. The thermal decomposition process of the sample was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry ( TG- DSC ). The morphology and components of the composite materials were investigated by the X-ray diffraction analysis ( XRD ), scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) and energy disperse spectroscopy ( EDS ). The microwave absorption property was investigated by vector network analyzer ( VNA ). The results indicated that the exchange-coupling interaction happens between ferrite of magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere and nanosized ferrite coating. The exchange-coupling interaction enhances magnetic loss of composite materials. So, in the frequency between 1 MHz and 1 GHz, the absorbing effectiveness of the core-nanoshell composite absorbers can achieve –32 dB, it is better than single material and is consistent with requirements of the microwave absorbing material at the low-frequency absorption.
Competition Absorption and Desorption Dynamic Character of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc by Soil in North-East of China
Authors: Chen Su , Chao Lei , Sun Li Na , Sun Tie Heng
Published: October 2011

The competitive absorption and desorption of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in meadow brown soil from Liaoning province in north-east China was studied in the paper in order to establish the selectivity sequences for the sorption and desorption of these heavy metals in the soil and obtain the absorption and desorption dynamic character of these heavy metals. The results showed that with the increasing of the absorption times, the absorption quantities of Cd, Pb and Zn were increased little by little. The absorption process of Cd, Pb and Zn could be divided into the fast absorption phase and the slow absorption phase. And the fast absorption phases were from the beginning to 60 min, 120 min and 120 min for Cd, Pb and Zn, respectively. The more company metals (i.e. Pb and Zn) existed in the absorption solutions, the less absorption quantities of Cd absorbed by soil. The co-existence of Cd, Pb and Zn had obviously decreased the absorption of Pb by soil. And it was the same situation that Zn absorbed by soil was decreased by the company metals such as Cd, Pb. The company metals had obvious influence on the desorption process of Cd. The existence of Pb and Zn promoted the desorption of Cd. And desorption behavior of Zn was bated by the existence of Pb and Cd. While the company metals Cd and Zn restrained the desorption of Pb. The best equation to describe the absorption and desorption dynamic character of Cd, Pb and Zn was Elovich equation, next was Two–constant equation, and the effect of First-order dynamics equation was not good.
Research of SO2 Resistance of MnOx Catalyst Modified by Ce for Low Temperature SCR with NH3
Authors: Wang Yan , Yang Liu , Liao Wei Ping , Wang Fei
Published: October 2011

Two catalysts, MnOx and ceria modified MnOx were prepared by deposition-precipitation method and used for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with NH3 in the presence of SO2. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area measurement (BET) and thermal gravimetry analysis(TG). The deactivation of MnOx and MnOx-CeO2 by SO2 was observed during SCR process. It was found that the resistance to SO2 could be greatly enhanced for Ce modified MnOx. It was because that the formation of Mn(SO4)x was prevented and the depositions of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4HSO 4 were significantly inhibited with the doping of ceria.
Characterization and Application of Expanded Graphite Coated by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Jin Cheng , Dong Jin Hui , Li Deng Xin , Zhu Min Cong , Zhang Ying Chen
Published: October 2011

The expanded graphite coated with different portions of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (EG/ Fe3O4) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction and the composite was characterized by scanning electron micrograph (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The catalytic performance of the composite was studied through the degradation of methylene blue. The results indicated that a complete and uniform Fe3O4 nanoparticles coating on expanded graphite could be obtained under routine pressure and temperature and the optimum content of Fe3O4 in the composite was 6wt% in the experiment of catalytic degradation of methylene blue.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity Research of Hollow Cubic TiO2 Particles
Authors: Yuan Xiao Wei , Guo Xue , Yang Dan Dan , Wang Li Juan , Cheng Mei Ling , Liu Qi
Published: October 2011

Hollow cubic TiO2 particles were synthesized using cubic Cu2O particles as hard templates, and the hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT). The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Vis spectrometer, respectively. The results show that the prepared TiO2 is composed of anatase TiO 2, and has a stronger absorption in the range of 300-400nm wavelengths in its UV-Vis spectroscopy. Experiments were carried out using a methyl orange solution as a model to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of hollow cubic TiO2 particles. The effects of catalyst dosage, initial concentration and pH of methyl orange solution on the degree of photodegradation have been investigated. It’s found that the hollow cubic TiO2 particles have a good photocatalytic property. And the degradation rate of the methyl orange, after methyl orange solution (5mg/L) containing hollow cubic TiO2 particles (0.5g/L) is irradiated by 125W ultraviolet light for 120 minutes, is 95%.
Study on Treating Isophthalonitrile Wastewater Using Immobilized Efficiently Coupling Microorganism
Authors: Zhang Li , Wan Xiao Jie , Han Wei Qing , Wang Lian Jun
Published: October 2011

Isophthalonitrile(IPN) used in this study contains two cyano groups(-CN) attached to the m-benzene ring. The IPN wastewater is degraded by biological method of high efficiently coupling microorganism. The choice of carrier is the key factor of immobilized biological technology. Two immobilization methods, adsorption with ceramic as the carrier，embedding with Sodium Alginate(SA) and Polyvinyl Alcohol –Sodium Alginate(PVA-SA) as the carrier, the research is conducted into the degradation effects. Results showed that IPN biodegradation by adsorption method had the best effect degrading. The IPN degradation rate kept stable and was over 96%. Additionally, in order to demonstrate purification of the IPN wastewater. The laboratory-scale experiment was carried out in a biological aerated filter (BAF) that was filled with ceramic filler. Results also showed that the BAF reactor removed the IPN and the rate was over 95%.
Acute Toxicity Effect of PFOS on Zebrafish Embryo
Authors: Ding Guang Hui , Zhang Jing , Chen Yi Hong , Luo Guo Yi , Mao Chao Hong
Published: October 2011

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has emerged as one of the most concerning contaminants in recent years. In the present study, the developmental toxicity of PFOS on zebrafish embryo was tested. The EC50 based on the general morphology score are 78.13 and 76.53 mg/L for 96 h and 120 h, respectively. While the LC50 values for 96 h and 120 h are 79.08 and 70.17 mg/L, respectively. It was found PFOS resulted in the decrease of heart rate of zebrafish embryo, while had some degree of stimulation at 40 mg/L PFOS.
Spatial Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Roadside Soils on Different Operated Times along the Lianyungang-Horgas Highway
Authors: Gu Lei , Song Bo , Tong Zhi Qi , Ma Jian Hua
Published: October 2011

Wanliu and Xiaowangzhuang transects which operated in 1994 and 2001 respectively along Zhengzhou-Shangqiu section on Lianyungang-Horgas highway were chosen to investigate heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr) pollution and potential ecological risks of roadside soils. Concentrations of soil heavy metals on Wanliu transect were higher than that on Xiaowangzhuang transect. The content of soil heavy metals increases with the distance away from highway, reaching a maximum value, and then decreases gradually. Potential ecological risks of the soil metals are at moderate level on Wanliu transect, while slight level on the other transect. Concentrations of most soil heavy metals and their potential ecological risks present skewness distribution with the distance form highway roadbed. The highest risk indexes (RI) for different metals on Wanliu transect are among 50 ~100 m from highway roadbed, farther than that on Xiaowangzhuang transect at 35 m. Most of the soil samples on northern side of the highway show higher metal concentrations and potential ecological risks than that on southern side. The total risk index was contributed by the heavy metal of Cd (averagely 61.39%), which is the main factor of potential ecological risks. The grade standards for different ecological risk levels must be modified according to types and amount of pollutants studied and their toxic-response factors.
Application of Fault Tree Analysis on Environmental Pollution Caused by Chemical Fire Overflow
Authors: Gao Ling
Published: October 2011

With Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method, the environmental pollution due to the chemical fire overflow is interpreted in terms of the causal and logical relations between various factors. The fault tree is established. And through the qualitative analysis by FTA, the minimal cut sets and the structure importance are determined. Consequently, the corresponding measures for reducing the occurrence of the top event are discussed.
Point Sources Pollution of Nutrient Situation and Prediction of Gan River Basin
Authors: Li Ming , Hu Chun Hua , Zhao Man , Huang Shuang Lei , Zhang Pei
Published: October 2011

Forecast about nutrient (mainly referring to nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) emission from point sources of Gan River was made on the base of pollution state and spatial-temporal variety regularity from 1999 to 2009. During the research period, maximum of total nutrient emission was in Ganzhou (TN 1.64×104t, TP 0.21×104t), which is followed by Nanchang. Just in terms of 2009, total nutrient emissions from Ganzhou and Nanchang account for 60% and Nanchang, as a main control station, per capita nutrient emissions increased at the speed of 7.96% and 7.17% in 2008 and 2009, respectively. According to the prediction model, TN and TP emissions from Gan River basin will be 5.25×104t and 0.68×104t, respectively. Meanwhile, point sources still is the principal part of total nutrient emission from Gan River, which will have a negative impact on water quality of estuary and Poyang Lake. Therefore, the key to comprehensive management of water pollution is point sources.
The Accident Process Research of Gas Explosion Based on Situation Cognition
Authors: Cheng Lian Hua , Li Shu Gang , Lin Hai Fei
Published: October 2011

Accident is undesired to anyone. But the research shows that the main cause of accident is unsafe behavior. The interaction mechanism of accident system was analyzed in the process of gas explosion through typical accidents and the conclusion was that the accident was occurred because unsafe behavior induced the dangerous factor in work environment. In order to further acquaint of it, the situation cognition of workers in the coal mine production process was analyzed with the research of aviation. The cognition of safe information in work process was affected by workload, goal, work habituation and others. As workload increased, goal strengthened, the attention apperceived safe information is weaken and the major change of safe information wasn’t apperceived immediately in work environment, and the accident was happened in conditions of unsafe behavior. Finally, the accident model based on situation cognition was posed and some measures were proposed.
Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 3A1/2 by Organotin Compound Di-N-Butyl-(4-chlorobenzohydroxamato)tin (IV) Chloride in Rat Liver and BRL Cells
Authors: Zhang Yun Xia , Li Yun Lan , Li Qing Shan
Published: October 2011

Organotin compounds are high toxiferous chemicals and ubiquitous in our environment, which also have high biological activities. Di-n-butyl-(4-chlorobenzohydroxamato)tin (IV) chloride (DBDCT) represents a new paradigm for tin-based antitumor complexes with high activity. The inhibitory effect of DBDCT on cytochrome P450 3A(CYP3A) was studied in this article. The adult male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups with six in each and treated separately with saline, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5mg/kg), DBDCT (1.25, 2.5 and 5.0mg/kg, respectively) intraperitoneally for 2 days after induced with dexamethasone (DEX) at a dose of 100mg/kg for 4 days. The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) content was assayed by the method of Omura and Santa after the protein concentration detected by BCA assay kit. The activity of CYP3A was determined by the method of Nash. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of CYP3A1/2 at protein level in rat liver microsomes and Buffalo Rat Liver (BRL) cells. The results demonstrated that the activity of CYP450 and CYP3A were inhibited by exposure to DBDCT in rat liver compared with that of the blank control group. The expression of CYP3A1 and CYP3A2 proteins in rats treated with 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0mg/kg DBDCT were down-regulated respectively by 22.8% (p<0.01),24.3%(p<0.01), 58.4%(p<0.001) and 37.6%(p<0.001), 41.4%(p<0.001), 49.2%(p<0.001), than that of the blank control group. Immunoblot analysis of protein from BRL cell lysate demonstrated that the expression of CYP3A1 and CYP3A2 protein reduced separately by 11.4% (p<0.05), 34.2%(p<0.001), 45.5%(p<0.001), 64.9%(p<0.001), 78.8%(p<0.001) and 12.8% (p<0.05), 9.9% (p<0.05), 28.0% (p<0.001), 24.9% (p<0.001), 34.2% (p<0.001) after treated with DBDCT at a dose of 1µmol/L (for 24, 36, 48h) and 2µmol/L(for 24 and 48h). The activity of CYP3A in rat liver microsomes was decreased remarkably compared with that of the blank control group. Immunoblot analysis showed that the expression of CYP3A1/2 was inhibited significantly by DBDCT in rat liver and BRL cells.
The Effect of Thermal Treatment on the Structure of Palygorskite Used for Flue Gas SO2 Removal
Authors: Zhang Xian Long , Jiang Wei Ping , Wu Xue Ping , Shi Bo Wen , Yang Bao Jun , Jia Xiao Bin , Zhang Cui Ping
Published: October 2011

Palygorskite is widely used as industrial adsorbent and also potential for flue gas desulfurization by adsorption of SO2. The effect of thermal treatment on Palygorskite’s structural properties and its performance in SO2 adsorption were investigated. The textural and structural properties of the prepared palygorskite adsorbent were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and temperature programmed desorption. The result showed the channel of Palygorskite is partial collapsed and the structure is not changed ultimately when thermally treated below 300 °C. The structure of Palygorskite is Gradually changed when the treating temperature is higher than 300 °C and is damaged entirety till 800 °C. As a result, the adsorption capacity of SO2 on Palygorskite decreased drastically. It is suggested that the presences of surface adorbed water and zeolitic water which occupy a large number of adsorption sites are disadvantage for the adsorption of SO2, and dissimilarly the presence of crystal-bonded water is favorable.
Simulation of Sulfur Deposition from Power Plants in Henan Province, China
Authors: Tian Hong Wei , Deng Wei , Ye Lin Mao
Published: October 2011

Dry deposition and wet remove of sulfur from main power plants plan to build in Henan province of China were numerically simulated with CALPUFF based on estimated SO2 emissions of each plant. The results of simulation shows that, the highest grid point annual dry deposition and wet remove quantity of sulfur from power plants reaches 554.498kg/km2 and 457.745kg/km2 respectively. Annual dry deposition and wet remove of sulfur in Henan region can reaches to 8381.422 ton and 4974.747 ton respectively. Zhengzhou was the most heavily impacted city by dry deposition and wet remove of sulfur from power plants, and annual flux of dry deposition and wet remove can reach to 366.953kg/km2 and 188.743kg/km2 respectively. After the completion of construction of new plants and the closing down of old ones, dry and wet deposition in most region of Henan Superscript textprovince declined, and 4642.220 ton of dry deposition and 2405.216 ton of wet deposition were lessened annually according to the simulation.