bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep-learning seismic full-waveform inversion for realistic structural models
Authors: Liu Bin , Yang Senlin , Ren Yuxiao , Xu Xinji , Jiang Peng , Chen Yangkang
Published: October 2020

Velocity model inversion is one of the most important tasks in seismic exploration. Full-waveform inversion (FWI) can obtain the highest resolution in traditional velocity inversion methods, but it heavily depends on initial models and is computationally expensive. In recent years, a large number of deep-learning (DL)-based velocity model inversion methods have been proposed. One critical component in those DL-based methods is a large training set containing different velocity models. We have developed a method to construct a realistic structural model for the DL network. Our compressional-wave velocity model building method for creating dense-layer/fault/salt body models can automatically construct a large number of models without much human effort, which is very meaningful for DL networks. Moreover, to improve the inversion result on these realistic structural models, instead of only using the common-shot gather, we also extract features from the common-receiver gather as well. Through a large number of realistic structural models, reasonable data acquisition methods, and appropriate network setups, a more generalized result can be obtained through our proposed inversion framework, which has been demonstrated to be effective on the independent testing data set. The results of dense-layer models, fault models, and salt body models that we compared and analyzed demonstrate the reliability of our method and also provide practical guidelines for choosing optimal inversion strategies in realistic situations.
A gradient-based Markov chain Monte Carlo method for full-waveform inversion and uncertainty analysis
Authors: Zhao Zeyu , Sen Mrinal K.
Published: October 2020

Traditional full-waveform inversion (FWI) methods only render a “best-fit” model that cannot account for uncertainties of the ill-posed inverse problem. Additionally, local optimization-based FWI methods cannot always converge to a geologically meaningful solution unless the inversion starts with an accurate background model. We seek the solution for FWI in the Bayesian inference framework to address those two issues. In Bayesian inference, the model space is directly probed by sampling methods such that we obtain a reliable uncertainty appraisal, determine optimal models, and avoid entrapment in a small local region of the model space. The solution of such a statistical inverse method is completely described by the posterior distribution, which quantifies the distributions for parameters and inversion uncertainties. To efficiently sample the posterior distribution, we introduce a sampling algorithm in which the proposal distribution is constructed by the local gradient and the diagonal approximate Hessian of the local log posterior. Our algorithm is called the gradient-based Markov chain Monte Carlo (GMCMC) method. The GMCMC FWI method can quantify inversion uncertainties with estimated posterior distribution given sufficiently long Markov chains. By directly sampling the posterior distribution, we obtain a global view of the model space. Theoretically speaking, statistical assessments do not depend on starting models. Our method is applied to the 2D Marmousi model with the frequency-domain FWI setting. Numerical results suggest that our method can be readily applied to 2D cases with affordable computational efforts.
Transform-domain noise synthesis and normal moveout-stack deconvolution approach to ground roll attenuation
Authors: Oghenekohwo Felix , Sacchi Mauricio D.
Published: October 2020

Ground roll is coherent noise in land seismic data that contaminates seismic reflections. Therefore, it is essential to find efficient ways that remove this noise and still preserve reflections. To this end, we have developed a signal and noise separation framework that uses a hyperbolic moveout assumption on reflections, coupled with the synthesis of coherent ground roll. This framework yields a least-squares problem, which we solve using a sparsity-promoting program that gives coefficients capable of modeling the signal and noise. Subtraction of the predicted noise from the observed data produces data with amplitude-preserved reflections. We develop this technique on synthetic and field data contaminated by weak and strong ground roll noise. Compared to conventional Fourier filtering techniques, our method accurately removes the ground roll while preserving the amplitude of the signal.
Two-dimensional determinant inversion of marine magnetotelluric data and a field example from the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Wang Shunguo , Constable Steven , Reyes-Ortega Valeria , Jahandari Hormoz , Farquharson Colin , Avilés Esquivel Thalia
Published: October 2020

Two-dimensional marine magnetotelluric (MT) observations are useful for offshore geologic studies, such as natural resource exploration, fault mapping, fluid estimation at subduction zones, and the delineation of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath the seafloor. Earth structures are often assumed to be two dimensional, which allows MT data to be decomposed into a transverse electric (TE) mode and a transverse magnetic (TM) mode. The 2D assumption can effectively reduce acquisition and computational costs. However, offline 3D effects and other problems such as lack/failure of the compass on instruments are often encountered, making it difficult to decompose data into the TE and TM modes. In these cases, 2D inversion may be misleading or may not provide an acceptable misfit to the marine MT observations. Thus, we have developed a 2D determinant inversion to the marine MT method to mitigate these difficulties, implemented in the MARE2DEM code, and we tested its utility using synthetic examples and a field example. In the synthetic examples, the determinant inversion demonstrates an ability to overcome 3D effects caused by 3D anomalies and bathymetry. With confidence from the synthetic tests, we interpreted real data acquired in the Gulf of California, Mexico, where not only is the bathymetry 3D in nature, but the external compasses failed to record the orientation. The field data can not only be fit to a reasonable misfit with a determinant inversion, but the resolved conductive zones also have a good correlation with known faults. A comparison between the resistivity model from the field data and a seismic reflection section shows that a previously interpreted fault, the Wagner Fault, should be shifted 5 km toward the southwest and made slightly steeper. Thus, the implementation of the determinant inversion may provide a new approach for using problematic 2D data.
Polarity-reversal correction for vector-based elastic reverse time migration
Authors: Yang Kai , Dong Xingpeng , Zhang Jianfeng
Published: October 2020

Polarity reversal is a well-known problem in elastic reverse time migration, and it is closely related to the imaging conditions. The dot product of source and receiver wavefields is a stable and efficient way to construct scalar imaging conditions for decomposed elastic vector wavefields. However, for PP images, the dot product introduces an angle-dependent factor that will change the polarity of image amplitudes at large opening angles, and it is also contaminated by low-wavenumber artifacts when sharp contrasts exist in the velocity model. Those two problems can be suppressed by muting the reflections with large opening angles at the expense of losing useful information. We have developed an elastic inverse-scattering imaging condition that can retain the initial polarity of the image amplitude and significantly reduce the low-wavenumber noise. For PS images, much attention is paid to the polarity-reversal problem at the normal incidence, and the dot-product-based imaging condition successfully avoids this kind of polarity reversal. There is another polarity-reversal problem arising from the sign change of the PS reflection coefficient at the Brewster angle. However, this sign change is often neglected in the construction of a stacked PS image, which will lead to reversed or distorted phases after stacking. We suggested using the S-wave impedance kernel used in elastic full-waveform inversion but only in the PS mode as an alternative to the dot-product imaging condition to alleviate this kind of polarity-reversal problem. In addition to dot-product-based imaging conditions, we analytically compare divergence- and curl-based imaging conditions and the elastic energy norm-based imaging condition with the presented imaging conditions to identify their advantages and weaknesses. Two numerical examples on a two-layer model and the SEAM 2D model are used to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the presented imaging conditions in suppressing low-wavenumber noise and correcting the polarity-reversal problem.
Sparsity-promoting least-squares interferometric migration for high-resolution passive source location
Authors: Liu Yujin , Du Yue , Luo Yi
Published: October 2020

Seismic source localization plays an important role in estimating the hypocenter of earthquakes and in monitoring hydraulic fracturing. Interferometric crosscorrelation migration (ICCM) is one of the most important waveform-based source location methods that produces a source image from interstation crosscorrelations without manual picking. However, the ICCM method suffers from blurring of the source image, especially for cases in which the acquisition aperture is limited, receivers are sparsely distributed, and the data signal-to-noise ratio is too low. As a result, it typically cannot resolve sources in close proximity to each other, whereas distinguishing them might be a desired feature when we want to follow the fracture evolution in space and time. One possible solution is by fitting a source distribution function to the observed interstation crosscorrelations by least-squares minimization, where the source distribution function is a source power-spectral density (PSD) defined as a function of frequency and spatial location. However, this least-squares interferometric crosscorrelation migration (LS-ICCM) approach provides limited resolution improvement compared to the ICCM method. To further improve the image resolution, we have adopted a sparsity-promoting interferometric crosscorrelation migration (SP-ICCM) method that negates the effects of unfocused sources during the inversion. This sparsity constraint is imposed on the source PSD in space to mitigate the loss of resolution that arises as a consequence of incomplete information, including limited aperture and discretization. The inverse problem involving this sparsity constraint can be solved relatively quickly with an iteratively reweighted least-squares algorithm. Using synthetic and field data tests, we demonstrate that our method is robust to noise and effective for closely spaced sources in complex geologic settings.
Effective and efficient approaches for calculating seismic ray velocity and attenuation in viscoelastic anisotropic media
Authors: Wu Jianlu , Zhou Bing , Li Xingwang , Bouzidi Youcef
Published: October 2020

In viscoelastic anisotropic media, the elastic moduli, slowness vector, phase, and ray velocity are all complex-valued quantities in the frequency domain. Solving the complex eikonal equation becomes computationally complex and time-consuming. We have developed two approximate methods to effectively calculate the ray velocity vector, attenuation, and quality factor in viscoelastic transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI) and in orthorhombic (ORT) anisotropy. The first method is based on the perturbation theory (PER) under the assumption of a homogeneous complex ray vector, which is obtained by applying the elastic background and viscoelastic perturbations to the real and imaginary components of the modulus tensor, respectively. The perturbations of the slowness vectors of the three wave modes (qP, qSV, and qSH) are determined through the vanishing Hamiltonian function. The second method is derived by applying a real slowness direction (RSD) to the inhomogeneous complex slowness vector and then approximately calculating the complex ray velocity vector with the condition of the homogeneous complex vector. The numerical results verify that the two approaches can produce accurate ray velocity vector, attenuation, and quality factors of the qP-wave in viscoelastic VTI and ORT media. The RSD method can yield high accuracies of ray velocity for the qSV- and qSH-wave in viscoelastic VTI models even at triplication of the qSV wavefronts, as well as qS1 and qS2 in a weak ORT medium ([Formula: see text] > 20), except for near the cusp of the qS1 wavefronts (errors approximately 6%) where the PER has more than 10% error.
Least-squares Gaussian beam migration in viscoacoustic media
Authors: Yue Yubo , Liu Yujin , Li Yaonan , Shi Yunyan
Published: October 2020

Because of amplitude decay and phase dispersion of seismic waves, conventional migrations are insufficient to produce satisfactory images using data observed in highly attenuative geologic environments. We have developed a least-squares Gaussian beam migration method for viscoacoustic data imaging, which can not only compensate for amplitude decay and phase dispersion caused by attenuation, but it can also improve image resolution and amplitude fidelity through linearized least-squares inversion. We represent the viscoacoustic Green’s function by a summation of Gaussian beams, in which an attenuation traveltime is incorporated to simulate or compensate for attenuation effects. Based on the beam representation of the Green’s function, we construct the viscoacoustic Born forward modeling and adjoint migration operators, which can be effectively evaluated by a time-domain approach based on a filter-bank technique. With the constructed operators, we formulate a least-squares migration scheme to iteratively solve for the optimal image. Numerical tests on synthetic and field data sets demonstrate that our method can effectively compensate for the attenuation effects and produce images with higher resolution and more balanced amplitudes than images from acoustic least-squares Gaussian beam migration.
Null-space shuttles for targeted uncertainty analysis in full-waveform inversion
Authors: Keating Scott D. , Innanen Kristopher A.
Published: October 2020

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is an effective tool for recovering subsurface information, but many factors make this recovery subject to uncertainty. In particular, unwanted noise in measurements can bias results toward models that are not representative of the true subsurface and numerical optimization techniques used in the inversion only allow for approximate minimization of the objective function. Both factors contribute to the nonuniqueness of FWI solutions. Assessing the uncertainty that this nonuniqueness introduces can be difficult, due to the large dimensionality of the inversion problem. Fortunately, complete characterization of inversion uncertainty is seldom necessary for applications using an inversion result, meaning that the entire dimensionality of the problem may not be relevant for practical uncertainty quantification. Typically, it is only the uncertainty in a few specific aspects of the inversion that is important (for instance, confidence in a recovered anomaly). A targeted uncertainty quantification, characterizing only the confidence in a specific feature of the subsurface model, can greatly reduce the dimensionality of the uncertainty characterization problem, potentially making it tractable. We have adopted an approach for quantifying the confidence of the inversion in a chosen hypothesis about the recovered subsurface model. We tested each hypothesis through numerical optimization on the set of equal-objective model-space steps, called null-space shuttles. By approximating the null-space shuttle that maximally violates a given hypothesis about the inversion, this method establishes an effective approximation of the uncertainty in that hypothesis. We tested the use of this technique on several numerical examples for the case of viscoelastic inversion. These examples demonstrate that, at a reasonable computational cost, this method can generate estimates of the lower bound on the maximal uncertainty associated with incomplete numerical optimization. In the viscoelastic examples considered, the velocity variables are much better constrained than the [Formula: see text] and density variables according to this metric.
Crustal structure and basement-cover relationship in the Dangerous Grounds, offshore North-West Borneo, from 3D joint CSEM and MT imaging
Authors: Karpiah Arvin Boutik , Meju Maxwell Azuka , Miller Roger Vernon , Legrand Xavier , Das Prabal Shankar , Musafarudin Raja Natasha Bt Raja
Published: October 2020

Accurate mapping of crustal thickness variations and the boundary relationships between sedimentary cover rocks and the crystalline basement is very important for heat-flow prediction and petroleum system modeling of a basin. Using legacy industry 3D data sets, we investigated the potential of 3D joint inversion of marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) and magnetotelluric (MT) data incorporating resistivity anisotropy to map these parameters across subbasins in the Dangerous Grounds in the southwestern rifted margin of the South China Sea, where limited previous seismic and potential field basement interpretations are available for comparison. We have reconstructed 3D horizontal and vertical resistivity models from the seabed down to [Formula: see text] depth for a [Formula: see text] area. The resistivity-versus-depth profile extracted from our 3D joint inversion models satisfactorily matched the resistivity and lithologic well logs at a wildcat exploration well location chosen for model validation. We found that the maximum resistivity gradients in the computed first derivative of the 3D resistivity volumes predict a depth to basement that matches the acoustic basement. The models predict the presence of 2 to approximately 5 km thick electrically conductive ([Formula: see text]) sedimentary cover atop an electrically resistive ([Formula: see text]) crystalline crust that is underlain by an electrically conductive ([Formula: see text]) upper mantle at depths that vary laterally from approximately 25 to 30 km below sea level in our study area. Our resistivity variation with depth is found to be remarkably consistent with the density distribution at Moho depth from recent independent 3D gravity/gradiometry inversion studies in this region. We suggest that 3D joint inversion of CSEM-MT, seismic, and potential field data is the way forward for understanding the deep structure of such rifted margins.
Analysis of defective prestressed pipe piles residual bearing capacity and treatment measures
Authors: Xiong Feng , Wang Zhiliang , Xing Haofeng , Lu Zhitang
Published: October 2020

Due to poor geologic conditions, unreasonable design principles, or construction method, many quality defects often occur during prestressed pipe piles’ field construction, which will greatly influence pipe piles’ normal service or result in engineering accident. To acquire some treatment measures of the defective pipe piles, we have carried out some theoretical researches on this type of pipe pile. First, the types of defective prestressed pipe piles were summarized. Then, we explored the force and deformation characteristics of the defective pipe piles and brought forward the relationship between pile-top displacement and residual bearing capacity. Finally, we offered some treatment measures for the defective pipe piles. The results show that the main performance of the defective prestressed pipe piles includes pile deviation, incline, and breakage. The residual bearing capacity of the incline pipe piles is less than half of the designed bearing capacity, and the top displacement of the incline pipe pile is positively correlated with the square of the sliding depth. Some treatment measures such as foundation adjustment, adding piles, splicing pile, and filling core can improve defective pipe piles. The research results can provide some references for similar engineering.
Long-term outcomes of females with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: increased risk for self-harm
Authors: O'Grady Sinclaire M. , Hinshaw Stephen P.
Published: October 2020

Although long-term outcomes of girls with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are understudied, high risk for adolescent and young-adult self-harm is salient. We present data on predictors and mediators of such risk, highlighting a recent dual-process model involving trait impulsivity plus family- and peer-related contributors. We conclude with recommendations for assessment and preventive intervention.
A controversa trajetória de Diogo Inácio de Pina Manique, Intendente-Geral da Polícia da Corte e do Reino. Entrevista com a Profa. Laurinda Abreu (Universidade de Évora)
Authors: Enes Thiago
Published: October 2020

Entrevista para a Revista Maracanan, n. 25 - "Poderes, trajetórias e administração: no Império português (séculos XVI-XVIII)", set.-dez. 2020.
COVID-19 infection and the kidney
Authors: Alvarez-Belon Lucas , Sarnowski Alexander , Forni Lui G
Published: October 2020

Despite initial reports, renal involvement, including acute kidney injury, has emerged as a serious complication of COVID-19 disease, particularly in critically ill patients. The reported prevalence varies considerably, which may reflect reporting practices, although differences in pre-existing comorbidities and socioeconomic factors, and differences between ethnic groups, almost certainly contribute. Renal involvement may present as an active urinary sediment or as changes in serum creatinine levels and urine output leading to acute kidney injury. In common with acute kidney injury complicating critical illness, the cause is often multifactorial and often presents as part of a multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Treatment is, in the main, supportive, with kidney replacement therapy required in nearly 25% of reported cases. Few data currently exist as to the long-term burden of COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury but evidence suggests that only approximately one-third of patients are discharged with recovered renal function.
High space-bandwidth in quantitative phase imaging using partially spatially coherent digital holographic microscopy and a deep neural network
Authors: Butola Ankit , Kanade Sheetal Raosaheb , Bhatt Sunil , Dubey Vishesh Kumar , Kumar Anand , Ahmad Azeem , Prasad Dilip K. , Senthilkumaran Paramasivam , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh , Mehta Dalip Singh
Published: October 2020

Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) is a label-free technique that enables monitoring of morphological changes at the subcellular level. The performance of the QPM system in terms of spatial sensitivity and resolution depends on the coherence properties of the light source and the numerical aperture (NA) of objective lenses. Here, we propose high space-bandwidth quantitative phase imaging using partially spatially coherent digital holographic microscopy (PSC-DHM) assisted with a deep neural network. The PSC source synthesized to improve the spatial sensitivity of the reconstructed phase map from the interferometric images. Further, compatible generative adversarial network (GAN) is used and trained with paired low-resolution (LR) and high-resolution (HR) datasets acquired from the PSC-DHM system. The training of the network is performed on two different types of samples, i.e. mostly homogenous human red blood cells (RBC), and on highly heterogeneous macrophages. The performance is evaluated by predicting the HR images from the datasets captured with a low NA lens and compared with the actual HR phase images. An improvement of 9× in the space-bandwidth product is demonstrated for both RBC and macrophages datasets. We believe that the PSC-DHM + GAN approach would be applicable in single-shot label free tissue imaging, disease classification and other high-resolution tomography applications by utilizing the longitudinal spatial coherence properties of the light source.
Three dimensional drift control at nano-scale in single molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Fan Xiaoming , Gensch Thomas , Büldt Georg , Zhang Yuanheng , Musha Zulipali , Zhang Wenyuan , Roncarati Renza , Huang Ruimin
Published: October 2020

Super-resolution imaging based on single molecule localization of cellular structures on nanometer scale requires to record a series of wide-field or TIRF images resulting in a considerable recording time (typically of minutes). Therefore, sample drift becomes a critical problem and will lower the imaging precision. Herein we utilized morphological features of the specimen (mammalian cells) itself as reference markers replacing the traditionally used markers (e.g., artificial fiduciary markers, fluorescent beads, or metal nanoparticles) for sample drift compensation. We achieved sub-nanometer localization precision <1.0 nm in lateral direction and <6.0 nm in axial direction, which is well comparable with the precision achieved with the established methods using artificial position markers added to the specimen. Our method does not require complex hardware setup, extra labelling or markers, and has the additional advantage of the absence of photobleaching, which caused precision decrease during the course of super-resolution measurement. The achieved improvement of quality and resolution in reconstructed super-resolution images by application of our drift-correction method is demonstrated by single molecule localization-based super-resolution imaging of F-actin in fixed A549 cells.
Fiber backscatter under increasing exposure to ionizing radiation
Authors: Max Rohr Johann , Ast Stefan , Gerberding Oliver , Reiche Jens , Heinzel Gerhard
Published: October 2020

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will measure gravitational waves by utilizing inter-satellite laser links between three triangularly-arranged spacecraft in heliocentric orbits. Each spacecraft will house two separate optical benches and needs to establish a phase reference between the two optical benches which requires a bidirectional optical connection, e.g. a fiber connection. The sensitivity of the reference interferometers, and thus of the gravitational wave measurement, could be hampered by backscattering of laser light within optical fibers. It is not yet clear if the backscatter within the fibers will remain constant during the mission duration, or if it will increase due to ionizing radiation in the space environment. Here we report the results of tests on two different fiber types under increasing intensities of ionizing radiation: SM98-PS-U40D by Fujikura, a polarization maintaining fiber, and HB1060Z by Fibercore, a polarizing fiber. We found that both types react differently to the ionizing radiation: The polarization maintaining fibers show a backscatter of about 7 ppm·m−1 which remains constant over increasing exposure. The polarizing fibers show about three times as much backscatter, which also remains constant over increasing exposure. However, the polarizing fibers show a significant degradation in transmission, which is reduced to about one third.
Comprehensive study of the rapid stressed mirror polishing method for off-axis aspheric SiC thin-plate mirrors
Authors: Yi Liqi , Zhang Xuejun , Hu Haifei , Zhang Zhiyu , Hai Kuo , Luo Xiao , Xue Donglin
Published: October 2020

In this study, the stressed mirror polishing technique is used to perform off-axis aspheric silicon carbide (SiC) mirror full-aperture polishing for the first time. Mechanical and optical parameter analysis methods have been proposed. A medium-diameter off-axis aspheric SiC thin-plate mirror is used as a scaling model for an optical system mirror. A full diameter polishing simulation was completed, and a conceptual design for stress loading equipment is presented. An initial aspheric surface method for stressed mirror polishing of an off-axis aspheric SiC thin-plate mirror, providing a reference for rapid stress mirror polishing of SiC mirrors, is also proposed.
Enhanced carrier confinement and radiative recombination in GaN-based lasers by tailoring first-barrier doping
Authors: Liu Jianxun , Qie Haoran , Sun Qian , Feng Meixin , Wang Jin , Sun Xiujian , Sheng Xing , Ikeda Masao , Yang Hui
Published: October 2020

Very limited 1-3 pairs of quantum-wells (QWs) are preferred for GaN-based laser diodes (LDs), which require more careful engineering of the carrier transport than LEDs. In this work, the first-barrier doping level of QWs is found to significantly affect the carrier confinement and distribution for GaN-based LDs. The first-barrier doping exceeding 2×1018 cm−3 will make the bottom QW return to the parasitic state, yielding unexpected photons absorption and even Auger recombination. The underlying physical mechanism is discussed in terms of the calculated energy-band diagram, carrier confinement, and distribution. And all the experimental findings are consistent with the physical model.
Formalising Mathematics – in Praxis; A Mathematician’s First Experiences with Isabelle/HOL and the Why and How of Getting Started
Authors: Koutsoukou-Argyraki Angeliki
Published: October 2020

This is an account of a mathematician’s first experiences with the proof assistant (interactive theorem prover) Isabelle/HOL, including a discussion on the rationale behind formalising mathematics and the choice of Isabelle/HOL in particular, some instructions for new users, some technical and conceptual observations focussing on some of the first difficulties encountered, and some thoughts on the use and potential of proof assistants for mathematics.
Miscigenação e hibridismo nas Etiópicas de Heliodoro
Authors: Graebin Geruza De Souza
Published: October 2020

Dentre todos as obras do gênero, o romance Etiópicas destaca-se pelas técnicas de composição nele empregadas. Seu autor, Heliodoro, possui a habilidade de inovar e surpreender o leitor, criando cenas, personagens e situações completamente únicas e originais. Tendo como fio vermelho o verbo μιαίνω, por ser recorrente na obra e sumarizar a ideia de miscigenação, enfatizamos alguns trechos do romance em que a ideia de hibridismo, de oposição de contrários ou ainda de sobreposição de elementos é utilizada. O estudo demonstra que a miscigenação, além de ser uma marca do estilo de Heliodoro, é uma técnica que suscita questionamentos acerca de convenções sociais, geográficas e culturais da época.
Il ridicolo in Platone
Authors: Casertano Giovanni
Published: October 2020

Cos’è che muove al riso? O al sorriso, perché in effetti il verbo γελάω ha ambedue i significati? Perché si rida, o si sorrida, c’è bisogno che ci si trovi insieme ad altri, e coinvolti in una certa situazione che ad un certo punto fa scattare in noi quel tipo di reazione. Questa nota vuol essere un abbozzo di ricerca sulle varie situazioni in cui si ride o si sorride nei dialoghi di Platone. C’è un ridicolo che sorge nell’ambito di una discussione, quando gli interlocutori parlano ognuno per conto suo, senza tener conto di ciò che dice l’altro (p.e. Eutidemo, Gorgia); c’è un ridicolo che sorge involontariamente da una battuta o da un’osservazione di uno degli interlocutori (p.e. Fedro, Fedone); c'è un ridicolo, per così dire soggettivo, che sorge da alcune domande, di Socrate o di un altro interlocutore (p.e. Fedro, Menone, Liside, Protagora); e poi c’è un ridicolo, per così dire oggettivo, che sorge da comportamenti e situazioni particolari (p.e. Repubblica, Simposio). E infine, ci sono interessanti accenni alla natura stessa del ridicolo e alla liceità del suo uso, nelle commedie o negli incontri tra gli uomini (p.e. Filebo, Leggi).
The Terms "Science" and "Scolarly Endeavor” in Legal Texts and Doctrine
Authors: Vasiliev Anton , Schopper Dariush
Published: October 2020

The study examines the concept of "science" through the prism of the language of law and legal doctrine. The authors claim the need to put down the working definition of science in legal acts, since this term has a practical meaning when qualifying certain relations as scientific. The article draws attention to the vagueness of the concept of "science" in the Russian legislation, the absence of such a feature as the creative nature of scientific knowledge in the legal definition.
Issues and Ways of Recording Obscenities in Transcript of Interrogation
Authors: Shulgina Kristina
Published: October 2020

The article considers the methods of recording obscenities in the transcript of interrogation currently used by representatives of the pretrial investigation authorities while investigating crimes of insult. The research is a case study of valid transcripts of interrogation of persons who are witnesses, victims and accused within this category of criminal cases.
Graphic Language in Law
Authors: Isakov Vladimir
Published: October 2020

The article attempts at articulating the concept of graphic language and stating its role in the sphere of law. It also considers the functions of the graphic language and basic types of schemes. The main stages of the schematization process are shown. The author's point of view on correlation between schematization and visualization is expressed. However, the term "law" covers not only legal norms, but also other spheres of legal reality - legal relations, science, education, legal awareness, legal culture.
Deliberate Distortion of Written Speech as a Subject of Authorship Expertise
Authors: Izotova Tamara
Published: October 2020

The article offers generalized practice of text authorship expertise where texts are compiled with deliberate distortion of written speech. The definition of the concept of "disguise of written speech" is given, its types are described. The article cpecifies the subject and objectives of the authorship expertise within this category of cases. It also describes the diagnostic signs of distorted written language. The conclusion has been reached that common signs of distortion are either complex formations of contradicting traditional common signs, or they combine certain particular signs into groups, where presence of at least one of them is mandatory in any distorted text. There are also methods described to help identify signs of distorted written language.
Portable Gantry Crane Payload Angle Limitation Control with the Presence of Trolley Position Vibration using Optimal Control
Authors: Jibril Mustefa , Tadese Messay , Degefa Reta
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a portable gantry crane is designed and controlled with the presence of trolley vibration disturbance using robust control technique. In the open loop system, the payload angle is not stable in both the impulse and step input force signals. Comparison of the system with H 2 and μ - synthesis controllers have been done for a step and impulse input force signal and a promising results have been analyzed.
Generalized Inflation Theory as a solution to Galaxies Rotation Curves And Variation of fine structure constant
Authors: Amiri Manouchehr
Published: October 2020

In this paper, I propose a single model for description of both rotation curve and variation of fine structure constant at the distant stars of observable galaxies. This model generalizes the inflation of universe from spatial parameters to all phase space parameters. This achievement was made by an extension of BDM theory which was introduced by the author in previous article [1]. The generalized inflation extends the inflation concept to linear and angular momentum and interprets Galaxy rotation curve and variation of fine structure constant.
Wprowadzenie do współczesnego ekspresywizmu: Allan Gibbard i emotywistyczne inspiracje
Authors: Kuźniar Adrian
Published: October 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest realizacji celu badawczego, na który składają się trzy zadania. Pierwszym z nich jest zarysowanie głównych cech ekspresywizmu metaetycznego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem różnic i podobieństw zachodzących między tym typem teorii a tradycyjnym emotywizmem. Drugim zadaniem jest przedstawienie podstawowych twierdzeń najbardziej wyrafinowanej wersji współczesnego ekspresywizmu – koncepcji Allana Gibbarda – z uwzględnieniem miejsca uczuć moralnych w analizie sądów moralnych. Po trzecie w artykule omawia się podjęte przez Gibbarda zastosowanie podejścia ekspresywistycznego w metateorii znaczenia i jego metaetyczne konsekwencje, zwłaszcza w zakresie relacji między ekspresywizmem a antynaturalizmem.
Integrating Enterprise Resource Planning with the Organizations’ Management Structure for Decision-Making
Authors: Atrushi Diler , Salah Razwan M. , Ahmed Nawzat S.
Published: October 2020

The unstable situation of some countries in Middle East have caused several crises. Many humanitarians Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) intervene to provide services to the affected groups. Good information management may have an effect on the project’s activities and the accuracy of decisions making, especially for organizations that have limited resource. This paper presents the integration of a Management Information System (MIS) and its' impact in a local organization operating in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq (KRI), namely voice of older people and family (VOP Fam). The goal is to increase the quality of humanitarian work through good decision making and data management. Based on the System Usability Scale (SUS) result, the system includes many components as an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and is used by the organization staff for managing and organizing their activities. This system is essential to provide knowledge and can bring together the management and the organization’s senior staff members to make decisions, collect the important information, and allow the donors and the staff of the NGO to follow work timely. The importance of the research lies in its contributes to highlighting the positive impact of integrating a computer-based information system (IS) in conducting humanitarian activities of NGOs in KRI. In addition, it will add a level of reliability to the NGO’s activities data and make it trustworthy. This study has concluded that Integrating IS in organizations can help in decision-making based on analyzing the aggregated data, and prepare more accurate reports in a short period.
Teaching Trump: A frame analysis of educators’ responses to ‘the Trump effect’ in American schools
Authors: Jewett Smith Reid
Published: October 2020

This paper offers a frame analysis of educators’ responses to the anti-democratic statements and actions of candidate-turned-president Donald J. Trump. It asks how educators responded to Trump, then answers by identifying three types of frames (motivational, diagnostic, and prognostic) that educators employed to make sense of the Trump phenomenon. Using democratic education theory and frame analysis, this paper finds that educators were motivated by legality, complicity, and morality to address Trump’s anti-democratic statements with students. Educators framed the Trump problem in terms of historical precedent, present danger to democracy, and concern for the future. They framed the solution with new curricula, fact checking, and critical media literacy. This paper argues that educators assert collective democratic agency to uphold democratic norms in uncertain political times.
Evaluation of the role of lie in daily life and Turkish tale type Keloğlan/The Bald-boy in the frame of Other-directedness schema domain
Authors: Demren Özlem , Köse Karaca Bahar , Demren Çağdaş
Published: October 2020

Tales as an oral narratives gives us some ideas about the perceptions and attitudes of the people in a society. In this paper, we try to get your attention to the Keloğlan as a Turkish tale type who gives us some ideas about the psychological motivations and perceptions in Turkish culture. The Turkish tale hero Keloğlan is a timeless/fitting all-time character who gives clues for today with his personality from past narratives to the present.  In fact, fairy tales set boundaries and offer acceptable models. Actually Keloğlan isn’t really an ideal type but at the end of the tales, we come across with him as a type of winner. He always behaves against obstacles and inequity and he returns an ideal type. Lie is seen as a sympathetic trick in the Keloğlan tales. Keloğlan's lies and tricks are ignored by the society to the extent that he opposes injustice. Based on the Schema theory, we can say that the “other-directedness” schema domain is used in the tales of Keloğlan frequently, but in a way, related with lie. Keloğlan uses lie or manupilation for the reason of “approval seeking”, but as a way of defence against to the “self-subjugation” and “self-sacrifice”. In a sense, Keloğlan, as a Turkish tale type, shows us another aspect of society's approval mechanism.
Movement of a Solar Electric Vehicle Controlled by ANN-based DTC in Hot Climate Regions
Authors: Benayad Asma , Gasbaoui Brahim , Bentouba Said , Soumeur Mohammed Amine
Published: October 2020

Vehicle autonomy presents the most complex problem for modern commercialized solar electric vehicle (SEV) propulsion systems. The power supplied by electric vehicles’ batteries is limited by the state of charge, the type of battery, and its level of technological development. This study’s aim was to resolve the problem of energy variation at several velocities and under different road topology conditions. Several works related to the use of fuzzy logic confirm that classical regulators have such advantages over fuzzy regulators as short processing times and mathematical precision. Therefore, the hybrid power source is presented as the best solution for energy management, and it is composed of a solar panel (PV) and a nickel metal hydride battery. The PV system is connected to the SEV via a boost converter that is controlled using the maximum power point tracking technique. In this paper, we used an intelligent PI regulator for direct torque control, which introduced a certain degree of intelligence into the regulation strategy. Indeed, this approach of associating the PI regulator with the fuzzy rules-composed supervisor allowed us to take advantage of both the PI’s mathematical precision and the adaptability, flexibility, and simplicity of fuzzy linguistic formalism. Because of its dynamic capabilities, an adaptive PI regulator was substituted to achieve high speeds and a satisfactorily vigorous performance while quickly compensating for the disturbances that were expected to possibly take place on the regulation chain. The present study’s results confirm that the proposed control approach increased the utility of SEV autonomy under several speed variations. Moreover, the industry’s future offerings must take the option of hybrid power management into consideration during this type of vehicle’s manufacturing phase
Sweet corn crop response to different dripline spacings in the dry Mediterranean area
Authors: MUBARAK Ibrahim , JANAT Mussaddak
Published: October 2020

Increasing the spacing between driplines is the most significant factor in reducing the high initial costs of drip irrigation system. A two-year field study (2017 and 2018) was conducted on a clay loam soil to evaluate the effects of different dripline spacings (75, 150, 225, and 300 cm) on sweet corn yields, soil water status, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) in the dry Mediterranean area. Results showed that the average husked cob yield (HCY) and IWUE were significantly decreased as the dripline spacing increased. HCY was 13.93, 12.30, 9.18, and 6.86 t ha-1, for dripline spacing of 75, 150, 225, and 300 cm, respectively, for an average irrigation water depth of 725 mm. Both soil water storages and yields decreased with distance from the dripline. The 150-, 225- and 300 cm dripline spacings yielded 11.7, 34.0 and 50.8 % less than the 75 cm dripline spacing, but these wider dripline spacings provided 50, 67 and 75 % less unit-area cost, respectively. However, these reductions in crop yield did not justify the extra cost of the closer dripline spacing, at low crop prices and high dripline costs. Finally, further studies are needed to benefit from the higher initial unit-area cost savings obtained under the wider dripline spacings.
A cross-linguistic study of metacommunication in online hotel reviews
Authors: Cenni Irene , Goethals Patrick , Vásquez Camilla
Published: October 2020

In this study, we focus on a specific form of metacommunication found in an emerging digital genre: Hotel reviews posted on TripAdvisor. In particular, we investigate how tourists represent their service encounter interactions. The main goal of the present study is to identify what these digital metacommunicative practices reveal about communicative norms and expectations among groups of reviewers writing in three different languages. We analyzed a multilingual dataset of 1800 reviews written in English, Dutch, and Italian. The results reveal that reviewers commented upon a broad range of aspects when evaluating service encounters interactions, for instance, describing the quality of the interaction (e.g. polite, correct), or a lack of communication when a specific type of communication is expected (e.g. absence of greetings, or apologies after a service failure). Further, we found similar cross-linguistic patterns, such as appreciation for being able to communicate in one’s mother tongue during the hotel-guest encounter. At the same time, a few differences across languages emerged, such as the preference for precise and correct information within British reviews. Since service interactions are of fundamental importance for customer satisfaction, our findings contribute not only to the current research on metacommunication in digital contexts, but may also be significant for service providers in the hospitality industry.
Fiscal Rule in Africa
Authors: Shobande Olatunji Abdul
Published: October 2020

Fiscal policy has recently been encouraged to increase competition, monitor Africa’s debt to GDP and improve its economic growth. Importantly, the present fiscal situation in most African countries will seem to have significant consequences for both public and private investments. This paper examines whether fiscal policy and investment matters for GDP growth in a panel of forty-eight (48) African countries for the period 1970-2017. The empirical evidence explored is based on the Fixed Effect (FE) and System Generalised Method of Moment (GMM) estimators. The results suggest that public and private investment among selected African countries has a positive impact on GDP growth. The findings further indicate that fiscal policies must play a more prominent role in sustaining potential private and public investments, especially as debt servicing among the African’ countries examined may have serious shortcomings on sustainable economic growth
The Strange Case of Welfare Chauvinism in Eastern Europe
Authors: Grdešić Marko
Published: October 2020

According to welfare chauvinism, access to the welfare state should be reserved for the native population, whereas immigrants are seen as a drain on resources. The curious aspect of welfare chauvinism in Europe is that it is more prevalent in the East. Why is this the case? This article uses the European Social Survey (ESS) and the Life in Transition Survey (LITS) in order to locate the most robust individual-level determinants of welfare chauvinism for countries of both Eastern and Western Europe. The results suggest that there is no support for the socioeconomic explanation of welfare chauvinism. There is support for the cultural capital explanation of welfare chauvinism, but only for Western Europe. Finally, there is support for the theory that higher levels of trust lessen the likelihood that a person adopts welfare chauvinism. This finding holds for both Eastern and Western Europe.