bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An anciently diverged family of RNA binding proteins maintain correct splicing of a class of ultra-long exons through cryptic splice site repression
Authors: Siachisumo Chileleko , Luzzi Sara , Aldalaqan Saad , Hysenaj Gerald , Dalgliesh Caroline , Cheung Kathleen , Gazzara Matthew R , Yonchev Ivaylo D , James Katherine , Kheirollahi Chadegani Mahsa , Ehrmann Ingrid , Smith Graham R , Cockell Simon J , Munkley Jennifer , Wilson Stuart A , Barash Yoseph , Elliott David J
Published: August 2023

We previously showed that the germ cell specific nuclear protein RBMXL2 represses cryptic splicing patterns during meiosis and is required for male fertility. RBMXL2 evolved from the X-linked RBMX gene, which is silenced during meiosis due to sex chromosome inactivation. It has been unknown whether RBMXL2 provides a direct replacement for RBMX in meiosis, or whether RBMXL2 evolved to deal with the transcriptionally permissive environment of meiosis. Here we find that RBMX primarily operates as a splicing repressor in somatic cells, and specifically regulates a distinct class of exons that exceed the median human exon size. RBMX protein-RNA interactions are enriched within ultra-long exons, particularly within genes involved in genome stability, and repress the selection of cryptic splice sites that would compromise gene function. These similarities in overall function suggested that RBMXL2 might replace the function of RBMX during meiosis. To test this prediction we carried out inducible expression of RBMXL2 and the more distantly related RBMY protein in somatic cells, finding each could rescue aberrant patterns of RNA processing caused by RBMX depletion. The C-terminal disordered domain of RBMXL2 is sufficient to rescue proper splicing control after RBMX depletion. Our data indicate that RBMX and RBMXL2 have parallel roles in somatic tissues and the germline that must have been conserved for at least 200 million years of mammalian evolution. We propose RBMX family proteins are particularly important for the splicing inclusion of some ultra-long exons with increased intrinsic susceptibility to cryptic splice site selection.
Tazobactam selects for multidrug resistance
Authors: Holden Emma R. , Yasir Muhammad , Turner A. Keith , Charles Ian G. , Webber Mark A.
Published: August 2023

Piperacillin-Tazobactam is a β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination which is amongst the most prescribed antimicrobials in hospital medicine. Piperacillin is inactivated by commonly carried resistance enzymes, but tazobactam inhibits these allowing successful treatment. The effect of piperacillin on Gram-negative bacteria has been widely studied, but less attention has been paid to the effects of tazobactam. We used a massive transposon mutagenesis approach (TraDIS-Xpress) to determine the genes inEscherichia colithat affect survival when exposed to piperacillin and tazobactam, separately and together. We found significant differences in the selective pressure of the two drugs: a striking finding was that multiple efflux pump families and regulators were essential for survival in the presence of tazobactam, but only one efflux system was beneficial for piperacillin. Additionally, we identified the shikimate kinase AroK as a potential target for tazobactam. This method also found that genes involved in DNA replication and repair reducedE. colisusceptibility to a combination of piperacillin and tazobactam, not seen from either drug treatment alone. Treatment ofE. coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaewith piperacillin and/or tazobactam selected for mutants with reduced susceptibility, and SNP analyses supported the TraDIS-Xpressfindings that tazobactam selects for changes in membrane permeability and maintenance associated with multidrug-resistance. Increased efflux activity is an important foundation of multidrug resistance in human pathogens, therefore the finding that tazobactam can select for this is concerning. These findings could have consequences for antibiotic prescription and should inform the development of future β-lactamase inhibitors to reduce the global increase in multidrug-resistant infections.
Epithelial cell chirality emerges through the dynamic concentric pattern of actomyosin cytoskeleton
Authors: Yamamoto Takaki , Ishibashi Tomoki , Mimori-Kiyosue Yuko , Hiver Sylvain , Tokushige Naoko , Tarama Mitsusuke , Takeichi Masatoshi , Shibata Tatsuo
Published: August 2023

The chirality of tissues and organs is essential for their proper function and development. Tissue-level chirality derives from the chirality of individual cells that comprise the tissue, and cellular chirality is considered to emerge through the organization of chiral molecules within the cell. However, the principle of how molecular chirality leads to cellular chirality remains unresolved. To address this fundamental question, we experimentally studied the chiral behaviors of isolated epithelial cells derived from a carcinoma line and developed a theoretical understanding of how their behaviors arise from molecular-level chirality. We first found that the nucleus rotates and the cytoplasm circulates robustly in a clockwise direction. During the rotation, actin and myosin IIA are organized into stress fibers with a vortex-like chiral orientation at the ventral side of the cell periphery, simultaneously forming thin filaments with a concentric orientation at the dorsal level of the cell. Surprisingly, we found that the intracellular rotation is driven by the concentric pattern of actomyosin filaments on the dorsal surface of the cell, not by the vortex-like chiral stress fibers. To elucidate how the concentric actomyosin filaments induce chiral rotation, we analyzed a theoretical model developed based on the theory of active chiral fluid, and revealed that the observed cell-scale unidirectional rotation is driven by the molecular-scale chirality of actomyosin filaments even in the absence of cell-scale chiral orientational order. Our study thus provides novel mechanistic insights into how the molecular chirality is organized into the cellular chirality and an important step towards understanding left-right symmetry breaking in tissues and organs.
The theory of sustainability values and travel behavior
Authors: Sirakaya-Turk Ercan , Oshriyeh Omid , Iskender Ali , Ramkissoon Haywantee , Mercado Haylee Uecker
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This paper reports the results of research that examines the interrelationships between efficacy of sustainability values (SV) and pro-sustainable behaviors of potential tourists. A partially mediated model is postulated and tested to help explain additional error variance in predicting consumers’ destination choice decisions in tourism, hence voiding a critical research gap. Coined as the “environmentally intellectualist behavior,” a new mediator variable is tested to explain additional error variance in human-value models.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on data collected from two representative samples of potential tourists from the USA and Canada. Data analyses include exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses that were used to examine the underlying domain structures of SV, followed by a predictive model using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The study findings suggest that values are salient factors that underlie pro-sustainable tourism and travel behavior. Moreover, the results confirm the existence of a higher-order sustainability construct. The study contributes original insights to the field by demonstrating that there are direct and indirect positive relationships between SV, environmental behaviors and decisions of consumers who take a pro-sustainable stance when traveling.

Originality/value

By modeling values as antecedents to attitudes and testing interrelationships between SV and the mediator variables coined as the environmentally intellectual behavior, the authors developed and tested a predictive model to explain destination- and product choice decisions. The model tested herein advances the value theory in two fundamental ways: first, this study demonstrates that SV can be modeled as higher-order factors. Second, values are antecedents to attitude and other variables, therefore must be included in consumer behavior models. Finally, the culture or origin of tourists matters when examining the impact of values on tourists’ choice decisions. Political actions and environmental attitudes can be modeled as mediators to explain additional error variance.
The effect of teacher-student collaboration on academic innovation in universities: an exploration from the perspective of collaborative process
Authors: Pan Wenhui , Liu Zhenxing
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the effect of teacher–student collaboration on academic innovation in universities in different stages of collaboration.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on collaboration life cycle, this paper divided teacher–student collaboration into initial, growth and mature stages to explore how teacher–student collaboration affects academic innovation.

Findings

Collecting data from National Science Foundation of China, the empirical analysis found that collaboration increases the publication of local (Chinese) papers at all stages. However, teacher–student collaboration did not significantly improve the publication of international (English) papers in the initial stage. In the growth stage, teacher–student collaboration has a U-shaped effect on publishing English papers, while its relationship is positive in the mature stage.

Practical implications

The results offer suggestions for teachers and students to choose suitable partners and also provide some implications for improving academic innovation.

Originality/value

This paper constructed a model in which the effect of teacher–student collaboration on academic innovation in universities was established.
Esports fan identity toward sponsor–sponsee relationship: an understanding of the role-based identity
Authors: Calapez André , Ribeiro Tiago , Almeida Victor , Pedragosa Vera
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Despite to useful relevance to better understand how group-level identity develops, few studies have explored the identity theory in the esports field and, in particular, considering the impact of a fan's role identity. The current study aims to explore esports fan role-identity vis-à-vis the relationship with the sponsor and the sponsee so as to understand the effects on their behavioral intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 356 esports fans who attended the 2021 FPF eFootball Open Challenge, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) analyzed the psychometric properties of the constructs and a subsequent Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) examined the effects of fan identity on two types of behavioral intentions and sponsor–sponsee relationship.

Findings

Results indicate that fans who highly identify with esports have the highest attachment to the event and tend toward having a positive word-of-mouth intention. Esports fans who have a higher brand identification reported a positive attitude toward the event's sponsor brand and tend to purchase its products. Moreover, the study findings also provide evidence of the bidirectional interaction between the way in which fans attach with the esports event and its sponsor brand, leading to greater reciprocity in their identity formation.

Originality/value

This study helps to understand how the fan identity process can enhance its fate and develop mutually, building role overlapping identity in the esports sponsor–sponsee relationship. Complementarily, it supports of how the marketeers and managers must analyze the importance of being a fan to the individual in order to understand how its self-identity can shape the future behavior.
Effect of droplet size on the film formation of O/W emulsion
Authors: Liu Yuan , Dong Chang , Wang Xianzhang , Sang Xiao , Ma Liran , Xu Xuefeng , Tian Yu
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to reveal the underlying mechanism in film formation of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion.

Design/methodology/approach

This study focuses on the film forming characteristics of O/W emulsion between the surface of a steel ball and a glass disc coated with chromium. The lubricant film thicknesses of O/W emulsion with various mechanical stirring strength were discussed, which were observed by technique of relative optical interference intensity.

Findings

The authors directly observed the oil pool in the contact area, finding the size of oil pool was closely related to the film-forming ability of emulsion. Enrichment phenomenon occurs in oil pool, which was caused by phase inversion. Further investigations revealed that the emulsion is stable with strong stirring strength, resulting in a smaller oil pool size and worse film forming ability.

Originality/value

With the wide usage of O/W emulsion in both biological and industrial systems, the ability of emulsion film formation is considered as an important factor to evaluate the lubrication effectiveness.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-12-2022-0354/
Antecedents and outcomes of social media fatigue
Authors: Baj-Rogowska Anna
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore which of four chosen factors (i.e. privacy concerns, FoMO, self-disclosure and time cost) induce a feeling of strain among Facebook users in terms of social media fatigue (SMF), and if this occurs, whether it further influences such outcomes as discontinuance of usage (DoU) and interaction engagement decrement (IED).

Design/methodology/approach

Through an online structured questionnaire, empirical data were gathered to verify the research model, based on the stressor-strain-outcome (SSO) framework. The SEM technique was employed for assessing the hypothesized relationships.

Findings

The findings show that privacy concerns and time cost are strong antecedents of SMF and contribute significantly to its occurrence; while FoMO and self-disclosure do not exhibit any significant influence. Moreover, SMF positively and significantly affects DoU and IED.

Practical implications

This study enhances the existing body of knowledge on SMF and it can help: (1) individuals to be aware of risks and adjust their activities in balance with their well-being, and (2) social media (SM) managers to develop unique strategies to address the specific needs of SM users.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the limited literature on SMF by (1) introducing the concept of IED – as a consequence of SMF, and (2) creating measurement scales for IED.
Impact of smart city system on the construction industry in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kulasekara L.B. , Perera B.A.K.S , Perera H.A.H.P.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

One prominent force behind sustainable growth is the growth of smart cities. Governments worldwide are beginning to concentrate on the Smart City System (SCS) towards a sustainable future. The construction sector plays a significant role in the development projects for smart cities. Hence, paying attention to research initiatives for smart cities is necessary because of the need for cooperation between the construction industry and SCS in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the SCS on the construction industry in Sri Lanka.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a mixed approach comprising a series of expert interviews and two rounds of a questionnaire survey. Content and statistical analyses were used to analyse and validate the empirical data collected during the study.

Findings

The five most significant smart city elements affecting the construction industry were identified: technology and information technology infrastructure, environment, people, economy and governance, along with 15 significant enablers and 17 significant barriers of those smart city elements. Further, 18 significant strategies that can be adopted to overcome the barriers and enhance the enablers of those smart city elements were identified.

Originality/value

This study’s findings reveal that the synergy between the construction industry and the SCS would be a valuable reference for future studies in similar contexts. The construction industry in Sri Lanka will also benefit from the study findings, as the findings would help to improve the link between construction and smart cities. This study significantly benefits the society by revealing cost-effective ways to accelerate construction processes and develop cities sustainably.
Knowledge acquisition from innovation failures: a study of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs)
Authors: Sreen Naman , Sharma Veenu , Alshibani Safiya Mukhtar , Walsh Steve , Russo Giuseppe
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to empirically examine the influence of management control systems (MCSs) on knowledge acquisition from innovation failure (KAFIF), which further impacts empowerment, creativity and organizational innovation. This study argues that enabling an MCS positively influences KAFIF, whereas controlling the use of an MCS negatively influences KAFIF. Further, KAFIF positively impacts empowerment, creativity and organizational innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study aims to create a comprehensive stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) framework. This framework includes an MCS (belief, interactive, boundary and diagnostic) as a stimulus, KAFIF as an organism and creativity, empowerment and organizational innovation as responses. The data were gathered using an online survey administered to a sample of 321 employees working in India’s micro, small and medium enterprises and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results indicate that there is no correlation between belief control and the acquisition of knowledge from the failure of innovation, interactive control has a positive association with KAFIF and boundary control has no relationship with KAFIF. Diagnostic control has a significant negative association with KAFIF. Further, this study found that KAFIF positively associates with empowerment, creativity and organizational innovation.

Originality/value

This study is among initial studies that examine the influence of MCSs on KAFIF, which impacts empowerment, creativity and organizational innovation. Further, it helps be one of the initial literature on studying KAFIF rather than innovation success.
An overview of FOLIO: an open-source library management system
Authors: Kulkarni Anant Madhav , Pandiyan Muthumari , Sonawane Chetan Sudhakar
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The overview of FOLIO in this paper will include a description of its background and development, architecture, work structure, benefits and core features. It will detail how FOLIO handles the challenges libraries confront and how it makes library administration more effective and integrated.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper conducted a comprehensive literature search using Google Scholar and ProQuest databases to identify relevant literature on FOLIO library management systems, open-source library systems and library services platforms. It screened and selected relevant literature related to FOLIO’s architecture, features, implementation, community involvement and impacts on libraries. The selected literature was organised into a systematic structure, and analysed and synthesised information was selected from studies. Critically reviewing the literature, insights from libraries, users or FOLIO developers were integrated, and data analysis was if accessible. This research paper was organised logically, presenting a coherent flow of information.

Findings

A strong alternative for conventional proprietary systems is the use of FOLIO as an open-source library management system. The versatility, usability and affordability of the platform have the potential to revolutionise library services and improve the entire library experience for both staff and users. FOLIO is a revolutionary tool that gives libraries the resources they need to succeed in the digital era as they continue to adjust to the shifting information landscape. The unique open-source platform FOLIO is expected to continue to succeed and improve through the library community’s collaborative efforts and continuous research and development.

Originality/value

Despite FOLIO’s growing popularity, empirical research on user attitudes and perceptions of them is still in its early stages. This paper is one of the first scholarly studies to attempt a thorough forecast of FOLIO adoption in technologically advanced libraries.
What affects auditor choice in emerging markets? New evidence on the role of cultural distance
Authors: Acar Merve , Şendurur Utku
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine whether the cultural distance between an international audit firm and target audit clients in emerging countries is associated with auditor choice decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a sample of 104,699 firm-year observations from 20 countries over 2009–2020, logit regression analysis is used to investigate the research questions.

Findings

The authors find strong evidence that cultural distance affects the auditor selection decision. The results suggest Big N auditors are more likely to be chosen by target audit clients in emerging countries with less cultural distance. In other words, target audit clients in emerging countries prefer to choose international audit firms whose cultural characteristics are similar. Moreover, results from two-stage least squares regression further suggest that the observed effect of cultural distance on auditor choice is unlikely to be driven by potential endogeneity.

Research limitations/implications

The auditor choice is limited to companies hiring Big N auditors; the authors exclude any switches to non-Big N auditors or switches between Big N auditors. The study also suffers from the concerns about methodological and conceptual criticism that most studies about national culture have to deal with. Finally, through this paper, the authors carry out the auditor selection process from the target audit clients’ side; the authors do not discuss the supply side of the process.

Originality/value

The authors contribute to the audit choice literature by providing evidence that the cultural distance between the countries of audit firms and target audit clients plays a role in the auditor choice decision. The study complements the prior auditor choice literature, focusing primarily on Western economies, by structuring the sample scope to emerging market economies.
The moderating effects of relative racio-ethnicity on the inclusion to health to turnover intentions relationship
Authors: Ehrhart Karen Holcombe , Chung Beth G.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study extends work on the role of the organizational context in contributing to employee health by investigating whether an employee's status as a racio-ethnic minority in his or her work group will moderate the relationship between perceived work group inclusion and health, which in turn will predict turnover intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from two samples of full-time employees across multiple organizations. Hypotheses were tested using Hayes's (2013) PROCESS macro in SPSS.

Findings

Support was found for moderation with regard to perceived inclusion predicting negative health but not positive health. Both negative health and positive health predicted turnover intentions.

Research limitations/implications

Findings support the importance of perceived inclusion for employee health, and the research extends prior studies that have been conducted in non-work settings.

Practical implications

Providing a work environment in which work group members perceive inclusion could be useful in terms of reducing health issues for employees, especially for those who are racio-ethnic minorities in their work group.

Originality/value

This study extends prior work by investigating relative minority status within the work group, and it highlights the potential impact of inclusion on employee health.
Complexity and practice on NHS mental health in-patient dementia assessment wards
Authors: Jones Lesley , Cullum Nicky , Watson Ruth , Keady John
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to address this need. In the UK, people with dementia admitted to National Health Service mental health in-patient dementia assessment wards [dementia assessment wards] present as complex and experience a number of changed behaviours, such as excessive walking, agitation and aggression. The complexity of the presentation of dementia has been identified as underpinning pre-and post-admission to these care environments, but limited study has so far been conducted to explore the boundaries and meaning of complexity and its relationship to dementia assessment ward practice.

Design/methodology/approach

An online electronic survey of UK-based national dementia leaders was conducted in 2018. Nineteen completed questionnaires were returned, and mental health nurses comprised the largest sub-sample. Qualitative data of the free-text responses were analysed using manifest content analysis.

Findings

Four routes to admission to a dementia assessment ward were identified. Multiplicity of needs and interconnectedness were seen as important domains in uncovering the meaning of complexity. The importance of life story and formulation approaches were highlighted. Challenges uncovered included, better understanding changed behaviour and its relationship to complexity, the need for understanding the boundaries of complexity and making visible care practices on these specific wards.

Originality/value

Findings can be used to produce a heightened awareness about the meaning and function of complexity in dementia assessment wards. Policymakers and researchers need to increase the emphasis on this area of mental health and dementia care. Further training for the multidisciplinary team on formulation approaches could help to improve the evidence-base for practice.
On the front line of workforce transformation: is HR missing its moment?
Authors: Petitti Pat , Younger Jon
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to describe the role of HR in people-related transformation.

Design/methodology/approach

Bringing together multiple databases, and the experience of a major consulting firm, this study finds that HR only occasionally is tasked to lead these important changes despite HR’s functional expertise in workforce management and change management.

Findings

The paper explores why HR is often asked to play a secondary rather than primary role in these transformative initiatives, what improvements would help set HR up for a more consistently critical role in transformations and how HR organization structure and resourcing changes may be additionally productive.

Originality/value

The paper provides an original and valuable insight into the practical challenges HR faces as it seeks to create greater value.
The influence of competitive strategy and organizational structure on the cost of quality in food and beverage (F&B) companies
Authors: Dimitrantzou Christina , Psomas Evangelos , Vouzas Fotios
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims at determining the influence of the competitive strategy types and organizational structure dimensions on Cost of Quality (CoQ) in Food and Beverage (F&B) small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach

A survey questionnaire was sent to F&B companies in Greece and 307 responded positively and fully completed the questionnaire. The research model developed (consisting of the competitive strategy types, the organizational structure dimensions and CoQ) was tested using the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique.

Findings

The findings indicated that cost leadership, centralization and formalization influence the CoQ positively and significantly. By contrast, differentiation does not influence CoQ.

Research limitations/implications

The small sample of the responding companies operating in one country, the different F&B sub-sectors, the subjective perceptions of only one representative per company and the cross-sectional nature of the study are the main limitations of the present study.

Practical implications

This paper provides academicians and practitioners with a better understanding of the factors that influence the quality-cost level.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that examines the effect of competitive strategy and organizational structure on CoQ.
Correlation of desmoglein 1 and 3 immunohistochemistry with autoantibody levels and clinical severity in pemphigus
Authors: Pradeep Aiswarya , Eapen Malini , Jagadeeshan Soumya , Kani Keerthiga
Published: August 2023

Background

Pemphigus is a chronic potentially fatal autoimmune bullous disorder. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) are the two common subtypes. PV is the most common and aggressive type characterized by oral mucosal erosions and cutaneous lesions. PF presents with blisters on the scalp, face, and upper trunk, and spares the mucosae. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is the gold standard for diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an emerging alternate diagnostic tool. In this study, our objectives were to identify the staining patterns of desmoglein 1 (dsg 1) and desmoglein 3 (dsg 3) IHC and to correlate the same with autoantibody levels and clinical severity in patients with PV and PF.

Methods

Forty‐nine clinically, histologically, and DIF‐confirmed cases of pemphigus were included in the study. The IHC patterns were scored from 0 to 3+ with 3+ dsg 1 IHC exhibiting intense membranous staining in the upper layers of the epidermis and 3+ dsg 3 IHC showing intense basal layer staining. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti‐dsg 1 and 3 antibodies was performed in 38 cases where serum samples were available. The pemphigus disease activity index system was utilized for clinical scoring.

Results

A 0 to 1+ score was observed for dsg 1 IHC in 100% of PF cases. A score of 0 to 1+ was observed for dsg 3 IHC in 97.3% of PV cases. One hundred percent of cases with PF and 83.9% of patients with PV tested positive for ELISA anti‐dsg 1 and 3 antibody titers, respectively. Anti‐dsg 1 and 3 ELISA titers significantly correlated with the dsg 1 and dsg 3 IHC scores. The mucosal scores showed a significant association with both dsg 1 and 3 IHC (p < 0.001). The cutaneous scores showed a significant association with the dsg 3 IHC (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The IHC patterns for dsg 1 and 3 proved reliable in giving concordant results with the ELISA antibody titers and clinical severity.
Movement and vertical habitat use of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares in a vertically compressed habitat: the Galápagos Marine Reserve
Authors: Rohner Christoph A. , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Hearn Alex R.
Published: August 2023

Tropical pelagic predators are exploited by fisheries and their movements are influenced by factors including prey availability, temperature, and dissolved oxygen levels. As the biophysical parameters vary greatly within the range of circumtropical species, local studies are needed to define those species' habitat preference and model possible behavioral responses under different climate change scenarios. Here, we tagged yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares in the Galápagos Marine Reserve and tracked the horizontal and vertical movements of eight individuals for 4–97 days. The tuna traveled a mean of 13.6 km day−1 horizontally and dispersed throughout the archipelago and in offshore waters inside the Galápagos Marine Reserve and in the surrounding Ecuadorian exclusive economic zone. Vertically, they traveled a mean of 2 km day−1, although high‐resolution data from a recovered tag suggested that transmitted data underestimated their vertical movement by a factor of 5.5. The tracked yellowfin tuna spent most of their time near the surface, with an overall mean swimming depth of 24.3 ± 46.6 m, and stayed shallower at night (11.1 ± 16.3 m) than during the day ( 37.7 ± 60.9 m), but on occasion dived to cold, oxygen‐poor waters below 200 m. Deep dives were commonly made during the day with a mean recovery period of 51 min between exposures to modeled oxygen‐limiting conditions <1.5 mL L−1, presumably to re‐oxygenate. The depth and frequency of dives were likely limited by dissolved oxygen levels, as oxygen‐depleted conditions reach shallow depths in this region. The main habitat of tracked yellowfin tunas was in the shallow mixed layer, which may leave them vulnerable to fishing. Vertical expansion of low‐oxygen waters under future climate change scenarios may further compress their habitat, increasing their vulnerability to surface fishing gear.
Informational Black Holes in Financial Markets
Authors: AXELSON ULF , MAKAROV IGOR
Published: August 2023

We show that information aggregation in primary financial markets fails precisely when investors hold socially useful information for screening projects. Being wary of the Winner's Curse, less optimistic investors refrain from making financing offers, since their offers would be accepted only when a project is unviable. Their information is therefore lost. The Winner's Curse and associated information loss grow with the number of informed market participants, so that larger markets can lead to worse financing decisions and higher cost of capital for firms seeking financing. Precommitment to ration fundraising allocations, collusive club bidding, and shorting markets can mitigate the inefficiency.
Practices of the ABCDEF care bundle in intensive care units as reported by nurses: A cross‐sectional study from Turkey
Authors: Erbay Dalli Öznur , Akça Doğan Derya , Bayram Rıdvan , Pehlivan Seda , Yildiz Hicran
Published: August 2023

Background

Recent critical care guidelines recommended the evidence‐based ABCDEF care bundle for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, limited information is available on the implementation of the bundle in Turkish ICUs.

Aim

To assess the current practices of the ABCDEF care bundle as reported by ICU nurses.

Study Design

A cross‐sectional study using a web‐based survey was conducted. Researchers invited nurses with at least 1 year of ICU experience to participate by sending the link to the research questionnaires they created in Google Forms to the one ICU nurse association and one communication group of which they are members.

Results

A total of 342 ICU nurses completed the survey. Although 92% of the participants performed pain assessments in their ICUs, 52.7% reported not using protocols. Based on the responses of the nurses, spontaneous awakening and breathing trials are performed in 88.8% and 92.4%, respectively, of ICUs. Fewer than half of the participants reported following a sedation protocol in their ICUs. Only 54.7% of ICU nurses surveyed reported routinely monitoring patients for delirium. It was reported that early mobilization was practised in 68.7% of ICUs, but non‐ventilated patients were mobilized more frequently (70.2%), and 9.7% of ICUs had mobilization teams. Family members were actively involved in 95% of ICUs; however, 9.7% used dedicated staff to support families and 3.5% reported that their unit was open 24 h/day for visits.

Conclusions

While the implementation of most pain and sedation evaluations in ICUs were reported by nurses, many of them did not use structured delirium assessments. There is a need to encourage early mobilization programs and family participation.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Health institutions can improve patient care and outcomes by establishing and standardizing a protocol for each component of the ABCDEF care bundle in ICUs.
Skeptical Theism: A Panoramic Overview (Part I)
Authors: Oliveira Luis R. G.
Published: August 2023

Skeptical theism, broadly construed, is an attempt to leverage our limited cognitive powers, in some specified sense, against “evidential” and “explanatory” arguments from evil. Since there are different versions of these kinds of arguments, there are correspondingly different versions of skeptical theism. In this paper, I briefly explain three versions of these arguments from evil (two from William Rowe and one from Paul Draper) and the three versions of skeptical theism tailor‐made to block them (from Stephen Wykstra, Michael Bergmann, and Peter van Inwagen).
Holocene seismic activity in south‐eastern Switzerland: Evidence from the sedimentary record of Lake Silvaplana
Authors: Bellwald Benjamin , Nigg Valentin , Fabbri Stefano C. , Becker Lukas W. M. , Gilli Adrian , Anselmetti Flavio S.
Published: August 2023

High‐Alpine regions are prone to a large variety of geohazards, among which earthquakes have the strongest impact on landscape and local population. Historic records indicate a moderate to high seismic activity in the northern, south‐western and central parts of Switzerland. In contrast, south‐eastern Switzerland has less historic earthquake chronicles due to the low population density, resulting in a poorly constrained seismic event catalogue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the palaeoseismic activity for south‐eastern Switzerland by using the sedimentary record of Lake Silvaplana in the Engadine Valley. A dense grid of high‐resolution two‐dimensional seismic profiles, high‐resolution bathymetry and a 10 m long sediment core from the deepest basin were used to investigate the stratigraphy of the lake sediments. The bathymetry reveals a flat basin, flanked by steep slopes to the north‐west and south‐east. The acoustic basement consists of four ridges, and gently‐dipping fans to the south‐west and north‐east. Expressions of slope failure can be identified in all domains of the lake floor and the subsurface data. Multiple coevally‐triggered chaotic mass‐flow deposits, overlain by megaturbidites with a coarse‐sand base, have been detected along ten horizons in the seismic data. The four most recent of these deposits are cored and radiocarbon dated to approximately 230, 310, 960 and 1330 cal yr bp, indicating four over‐regional seismic events that triggered large slope failures in Lake Silvaplana in the last 1400 years. Correlation with sediments of Lake Sils, Lake Como, Lake Iseo and Lake Ledro indicate within radiocarbon uncertainties a large earthquake around 1330 cal yr bp. Within their age ranges, the postulated earthquake at 310 cal yr bp (1640 ce) further correlates with a moment magnitude Mw ca 5.4 event in Ftan in 1622 ce, and the 960 cal yr bp (990 ce) earthquake correlates with a Mw ca 5.2 earthquake in Brescia in 1065 ce. Six mass‐movement deposits, also suggested to be caused by earthquakes, were not reached by the sediment core and have suggested ages between 7800 and 11 300 cal yr bp. Thus, Lake Silvaplana sediments provide the first reliable record of seismic activity for the mid and Late Holocene in this region, likely related to the neotectonic activity of the Engadine Line, a major fault zone running along the main valley.
Tribo-Informatics Approach to Investigate the Friction and Wear of Bushings in the Variable Stator Vane System
Authors: He Ke , Ma Yufei , Zhang Zhinan
Published: August 2023

Determining the friction and wear behaviors of aero-engine key components under realistic conditions is important to improve their long-term reliability and service life. In this paper, the friction and wear behaviors of different bushing materials in the variable stator vane (VSV) system were investigated through the basic pin-on-disc test and actual shaft-bushing test. Different machine learning (ML) models were established based on the experimental information to predict the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear-rate. The results indicated that there is a significant temperature warning line for the wear amount of the polyimide material, while the high-temperature alloy material exhibited stable tribological performance under experimental load and temperature conditions. ML analysis indicated that the extreme gradient boosting (XGB) outperformed other ML algorithms in predicting the COF (R2 value = 0.956), while the kernel ridge regression (KRR) produced the best performance for predicting the wear-rate (R2 value = 0.997). The tribo-informatics research for bushings in the VSV system can accelerate the structural optimization and material selection and support the evaluation of new structures and materials.
Inverse Design of Two-Dimensional Shape-Morphing Structures
Authors: Abu-Mualla Mohammad , Jiron Victor , Huang Jida
Published: August 2023

This study proposes an inverse method for synthesizing shape-morphing structures in the lateral direction by integrating two-dimensional hexagonal unit cell with curved beams. Analytical expressions are derived to formulate the effective Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio for the base unit-cell as a function of its geometric parameters. The effective lateral Poisson’s ratio can be controlled by manipulating a set of geometric parameters, resulting in a dataset of over 6000 data points with Poisson’s ratio values ranging from −1.2 to 10.4. Furthermore, we utilize the established dataset to train an inverse design framework that utilizes a physics-guided neural network algorithm, and the framework can predict design parameters for a targeted shape-morphing structure. The proposed approach enables the generation of structures with tailored Poisson’s ratio ranging from −1.2 to 3.4 while ensuring flexibility and reduced stress concentration within the predicted structure. The generated shape-morphing structures’ performance is validated through numerical simulation and physical tensile testing. The finite element analysis (FEA) simulation results confirm agreement with the designed values for the shape-morphing structure, and the tensile testing results reveal the same trend in shape-morphing behavior. The proposed design automation framework demonstrates the feasibility of creating intricate and practical shape-morphing structures with high accuracy and computational efficiency.
Evolution and Action Mechanism of Relative Negative Pressure Zone in Spiral Groove Gas Face Seal for Aero-Engine
Authors: Li Hui , Li Guoqing , Liu Hao , Li Ang , Lu Xingen
Published: August 2023

As an advanced sealing technology, the application of gas face seal in aero-engine is few; if possible, lower specific fuel consumption, higher thrust-weight ratio, and effective secondary flow control at minimal cost would be brought. A relative negative pressure zone (RNPZ) was found in the spiral groove gas face seal, and the evolution and action mechanism of RNPZ was investigated in detail, which may promote the above application. Three film thicknesses of spiral groove gas face seals at different rotational speeds and inlet pressures were numerically compared to obtain the pressure field in the groove area and the formation of RNPZ. Then, the radial and circumferential velocities in the groove were calculated to quantify the impact of the obstruction effect, viscous pumping, and shear effect, which revealed the evolution mechanism of the RNPZ stage by stage. At last, the action mechanism of RNPZ was clarified through the hydrodynamic performance analysis. It is found that the pressure field evolution in the gas face seal is in stage Ⅲ under the high rotational speed and low inlet pressure conditions in an aero-engine. Under the same film thickness, RNPZ can suppress leakage to a certain extent in stage Ⅱ, while in stage Ⅲ, it increases the opening force and stiffness-leakage ratio. This work can provide theory and data to help with the subsequent optimization design of gas face seals for aero-engine.
VAMAS TWA2 interlaboratory comparison: Surface analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles using ToF-SIMS
Authors: Bennet Francesca , Opitz Robert , Ghoreishi Narges , Plate Kristina , Barnes Jean-Paul , Bellew Allen , Belu Anna , Ceccone Giacomo , de Vito Eric , Delcorte Arnaud , Franquet Alexis , Fumagalli Francesco , Gilliland Douglas , Jungnickel Harald , Lee Tae Geol , Poleunis Claude , Rading Derk , Shon Hyun Kyong , Spampinato Valentina , Son Jin Gyeong , Wang Fuyi , Wang Yung-Chen Andrew , Zhao Yao , Roloff Alexander , Tentschert Jutta , Radnik Jörg
Published: August 2023

Due to the extremely high specific surface area of nanoparticles and corresponding potential for adsorption, the results of surface analysis can be highly dependent on the history of the particles, particularly regarding sample preparation and storage. The sample preparation method has, therefore, the potential to have a significant influence on the results. This report describes an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) with the aim of assessing which sample preparation methods for ToF-SIMS analysis of nanoparticles provided the most intra- and interlaboratory consistency and the least amount of sample contamination. The BAM reference material BAM-P110 (TiO2 nanoparticles with a mean Feret diameter of 19 nm) was used as a sample representing typical nanoparticles. A total of 11 participants returned ToF-SIMS data, in positive and (optionally) negative polarity, using sample preparation methods of “stick-and-go” as well as optionally “drop-dry” and “spin-coat.” The results showed that the largest sources of variation within the entire data set were caused by adventitious hydrocarbon contamination or insufficient sample coverage, with the spin-coating protocol applied in this ILC showing a tendency toward insufficient sample coverage; the sample preparation method or the participant had a lesser influence on results.
Modeling Human Suboptimal Control: A Review
Authors: Bersani Alex , Davico Giorgio , Viceconti Marco
Published: August 2023

This review paper provides an overview of the approaches to model neuromuscular control, focusing on methods to identify nonoptimal control strategies typical of populations with neuromuscular disorders or children. Where possible, the authors tightened the description of the methods to the mechanisms behind the underlying biomechanical and physiological rationale. They start by describing the first and most simplified approach, the reductionist approach, which splits the role of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems. Static optimization and dynamic optimization methods and electromyography-based approaches are summarized to highlight their limitations and understand (the need for) their developments over time. Then, the authors look at the more recent stochastic approach, introduced to explore the space of plausible neural solutions, thus implementing the uncontrolled manifold theory, according to which the central nervous system only controls specific motions and tasks to limit energy consumption while allowing for some degree of adaptability to perturbations. Finally, they explore the literature covering the explicit modeling of the coupling between the nervous system (acting as controller) and the musculoskeletal system (the actuator), which may be employed to overcome the split characterizing the reductionist approach.
Screening of Depression and Mental Health in Elite Youth Sports: Differences in Risk Estimation Between the PHQ-2 and the WHO-5
Authors: Kleinert Jens , Ohlert Jeannine , Sulprizio Marion
Published: August 2023

This study aims to examine whether the risk for depression differs between using a disease- and a health-oriented instrument in elite youth sport and to uncover relationships of risk with concern to age, sex, type of sport, and level of performance. A sample of 549 eleven- to twenty-one-year-old elite athletes were screened using the German versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and the WHO Well-Being Index-5 (WHO-5). For external validity, the state of physical well-being and mood state, as well as recovery measures, were assessed. The proportions of athletes at high risk for mental health problems were 11.3% (PHQ-2) and 12.8% (WHO-5) of the participants. Young athletes (<15 years old) and male athletes showed lower risk values compared with older or female athletes. Moreover, PHQ-2 and WHO-5 values correlated with physical well-being and subjective sleep parameters. Both instruments were practical and diagnostically conclusive. Further studies on the validation of the instruments are recommended.