bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inicios literarios de Salvador Rueda en Madrid (1882-1885)
Authors: Jiménez Morales María Isabel
Published: May 2020

Este artículo aborda los primeros años de residencia en Madrid de Salvador Rueda, para lo cual ha sido de suma importancia el estudio de su correspondencia con Narciso Díaz de Escovar. Comprende desde 1882 —cuando empieza a trabajar como empleado público— hasta 1885, año en que ve la luz Poema nacional e ingresa en El Globo, diario donde publicará más de un centenar y medio de cuentos y artículos de costumbres en prosa. Este aspecto tan puntual de su biografía apenas ha sido estudiado por la crítica, que se ha limitado a repetir las mismas vaguedades e imprecisiones. Conocer mejor sus inicios literarios —publicaciones, colaboraciones en prensa, recitales…— ayudará a ofrecer un retrato más exacto y completo del escritor.
Impact of Student Emotions and Attitudes in L2 Spanish Beginner Students in Chattanooga State Community College (Preliminary Results)
Authors: Alonso Santillana Juan Antonio
Published: May 2020

Este artículo discute los resultados preliminares de una investigación de tesis doctoral que se propone medir el impacto que las emociones y actitudes de los estudiantes principiantes tienen en su desempeño en el programa de español como segunda lengua en Chattanooga State Community College. Una de las hipótesis de trabajo es que tener una opinión negativa sobre el español y sus hablantes en Estados Unidos tiene un impacto en la decisión de un estudiante de matricularse en el programa. Una vez matriculados, existirá una correlación entre la ansiedad y el disfrute que los estudiantes experimentan en la clase y su perseverancia y éxito. Sin embargo, el centro educativo puede intervenir positivamente en las matriculaciones por medio de instrucción en conciencia global y cultural. A su vez, el profesorado de español como segunda lengua puede incrementar el disfrute público y privado que los estudiantes experimentan en la clase, mediante la aplicación de estrategias educativas atractivas e inteligencia emocional, lo que tendría un impacto positivo en la perseverancia y éxito de los alumnos.
Virginia Woolf: The Translations of "A Room of One's Own" and "Three Guineas" to Construct a Feminine Genealogy
Authors: Colorado Prieto Natalia
Published: May 2020

En este artículo se lleva a cabo un análisis comparativo de las traducciones al español de los ensayos feministas A Room of One’s Own y Three Guineas de Virginia Woolf, así como un estudio de la correlación entre las ideas feministas de Woolf y la situación de las mujeres españolas en el momento en el que las traducciones fueron publicadas y en la actualidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar hasta qué punto las decisiones de los traductores influyeron en la transmisión del mensaje que pretendía transmitir Woolf, y la conexión entre dichas traducciones y la situación de las mujeres en España en el momento que fueron publicadas. El enfoque de la traducción de Newmark (1988) y Holmes (1988), junto con la teoría de la traducción feminista, forman el marco teórico. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran la relevancia de las ideas feministas de Woolf y el papel esencial de la traducción en la construcción de una genealogía femenina.
Arranjos entre tempo e trabalho implementados pela reforma trabalhista brasileira: impactos na negociação coletiva
Authors: Baroni Cecato Maria Aurea , Tavares da Silva Paulo Henrique
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho realiza uma análise crítica das inovações promovidas na Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas (CLT) pela denominada de “reforma trabalhista” (Lei n.13.467/17), no que atine aos esquemas de compensação e prorrogação de jornada, além de novos tipos de contratação laboral que se relacionam com a disposição do tempo da prestação de serviço, sob a perspectiva de que os novos tipos legais levam à fragilização do poder coletivo de negociação das entidades representativas das categorias profissionais. O moto principal dessas modificações normativas, da prevalência do negociado sobre o legislado, deve ser interpretado como uma afirmação da hegemonia da vontade do patronato e sintonia com ideário neoliberal, à luz da concepção do mercado-total, estabelecendo-se um subsistema no corpo do direito do trabalho brasileiro que se contrapõe ao conjunto de disposições supranacionais, constitucionais e infraconstitucionais destinadas à proteção do trabalho humano. Dividido em quatro partes, o ensaio, a partir do método hipotético-dedutivo e à luz de pesquisa documental, revisita as bases teóricas do direito do trabalho, estabelece suas premissas essenciais e contrasta os fins maiores da legislação social com os escopos utilitaristas das inovações legislativas.
A dívida pública brasileira: trajetória e sustentabilidade do cenário pós-crise
Authors: Silva Luz Eduardo , Cezar Gomes Magalhães Diego , Angelotti Meira Liziane
Published: May 2020

O presente trabalho investiga as perspectivas de sustentabilidade da dívida pública brasileira no cenário pós-crise, observando a trajetória da relação entre dívida pública e PIB e realizando testes de estacionariedade e cointegração das estatísticas fiscais do Brasil. A metodologia utilizada é a de revisão bibliográfica e coleta de dados públicos em sítios eletrônicos de órgãos governamentais, o espaço temporal definido é o de 2006 a 2017. No início, apresenta-se uma visão geral do contexto da dívida pública no Brasil e no mundo. Na segunda parte, apresenta-se uma revisão da literatura empírica e teórica sobre dívida pública. Na terceira seção, descrevem-se as metodologias utilizadas neste estudo. Na quarta seção, apresentam-se os resultados em uma série de tabelas, gráficos e explicações. Na quinta seção, apresentam-se as conclusões do estudo para a realidade da economia brasileira.
Evolução da tutela do meio ambiente nas constituições brasileiras
Authors: Faria Fernandes Eduardo , Saddy André
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo retrata a evolução da proteção do meio ambiente no ordenamento jurídico constitucional brasileiro. A partir do período colonial, do descobrimento até a proclamação da independência, passando por cada uma das constituições brasileiras até chegar a atual de 1988, a análise histórica da tutela constitucional do meio ambiente é de suma importância para a compreensão dos desafios da efetiva proteção do meio ambiente na atualidade.   O presente artigo retrata a evolução da proteção do meio ambiente no ordenamento jurídico constitucional brasileiro. A partir do período colonial, do descobrimento até a proclamação da independência, passando por cada uma das constituições brasileiras até chegar a atual de 1988, a análise histórica da tutela constitucional do meio ambiente é de suma importância para a compreensão dos desafios da efetiva proteção do meio ambiente na atualidade.
Las competencias locales en materia ambiental tras la frustrada reforma local en España: la consolidación de los criterios fijados en la jurisprudencia constitucional
Authors: Fuentes i Gasó Josep Ramon
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo tiene por fin el análisis del impacto de la jurisprudencia constitucional sobre la reforma del régimen local efectuada por la Ley 27/2013, de 27 de diciembre, de Racionalización y Sostenibilidad de la Administración local en el ámbito de las competencias de los municipios. Con especial atención se aborda el alcance de las competencias propias de los municipios sobre el medio ambiente urbano, las competencias de los municipios distintas de las propias y de las atribuidas por delegación, así como las competencias de las provincias sobre la prestación de servicios municipales medioambientales.
Transgenesis and web resources in quail
Authors: Serralbo Olivier , Salgado David , Véron Nadège , Cooper Caitlin , Dejardin Marie-Julie , Doran Timothy , Gros Jérome , Marcelle Christophe
Published: May 2020

Due to its amenability to manipulations, to live observation and its striking similarities to mammals, the chicken embryo has been one of the major animal models in biomedical research. Although it is technically possible to genome-edit the chicken, its long generation time (6 months to sexual maturity) makes it an impractical lab model and has prevented it widespread use in research. The Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) is an attractive alternative, very similar to the chicken, but with the decisive asset of a much shorter generation time (1.5 months). In recent years, transgenic quail lines have been described. Most of them were generated using replication-deficient lentiviruses, a technique that presents diverse limitations. Here, we introduce a novel technology to perform transgenesis in quail, based on the in vivo transfection of plasmids in circulating Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs). This technique is simple, efficient and allows using the infinite variety of genome engineering approaches developed in other models. Furthermore, we present a website centralizing quail genomic and technological information to facilitate the design of genome-editing strategies, showcase the past and future transgenic quail lines and foster collaborative work within the avian community.
Cortical bone maturation in mice requires SOCS3 suppression of gp130/STAT3 signalling in osteocytes
Authors: Walker Emma C , Truong Kim , McGregor Narelle E , Poulton Ingrid J , Isojima Tsuyoshi , Gooi Jonathan H , Martin T John , Sims Natalie A
Published: May 2020

Bone strength is determined by its dense cortical shell, generated by unknown mechanisms. Here we use the Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f mouse, with delayed cortical bone consolidation, to characterise cortical maturation and identify control signals. We show that cortical maturation requires a reduction in cortical porosity, and a transition from low to high density bone, which continues even after cortical shape is established. Both processes were delayed in Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f mice. SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signalling 3) inhibits signalling by leptin, G-CSF, and IL-6 family cytokines (gp130). In Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f bone, STAT3 phosphorylation was prolonged in response to gp130-signalling cytokines, but not G-CSF or leptin. Deletion of gp130 in Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f mice suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation in osteocytes and osteoclastic resorption within cortical bone, leading to rescue of the corticalisation defect, and restoration of compromised bone strength. We conclude that cortical bone development includes both pore closure and accumulation of high density bone, and that these processes require suppression of gp130-STAT3 signalling in osteocytes.
Acute effects of air pollution on all-cause mortality: a natural experiment from haze control measures in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
Authors: Vajanapoom Nitaya , Kooncumchoo Patcharee , Thach Thuan-Quoc
Published: May 2020

Background

Serious haze episodes have been a seasonal event in Chiang Mai province for more than a decade. In 2008, local government agencies introduced comprehensive measures to control haze and limit its impacts on public health. This study assessed the acute effects of ambient air pollutants on all-cause mortality before and after the introduction of those haze control measures.

Methods

We obtained daily mortality counts and data on mass concentrations of particulate matter <10 micron in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, and CO), and meteorology in Chiang Mai Province between January 2002 and December 2016. We analyzed the data using a case-crossover approach adjusting for temperature, relative humidity, seasonality, and day-of-week. We assessed change in the excess risks of all-cause mortality associated with an increase in interquartile range (IQR) of pollutant concentration before and after control measures came into force.

Results

We found decreased PM10 levels and markedly reduced excess risks of daily mortality associated with an IQR increase in PM10 concentrations in the years after haze-control measures were implemented (2009–2016). We found mixed results for gaseous pollutants: SO2 showed no significant change in excess risk of daily mortality throughout the study period, while NO2 and CO showed significant excess risks only in the period 2012–2016, and 8-h maximum O3 showed a decrease in excess risk despite an increase in its atmospheric levels after the introduction of haze control measures in 2008.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that the government haze control measures first introduced in Chiang Mai province in 2008 have successfully reduced episodic PM10 concentrations, which has led to a decrease in short-term all-cause mortality.
Effects of temperature on metabolic scaling in black carp
Authors: Li Qian , Zhu Xiaoling , Xiong Wei , Zhu Yanqiu , Zhang Jianghui , Djiba Pathe Karim , Lv Xiao , Luo Yiping
Published: May 2020

The surface area (SA) of organs and cells may vary with temperature, which changes the SA exchange limitation on metabolic flows as well as the influence of temperature on metabolic scaling. The effect of SA change can intensify (when the effect is the same as that of temperature) or compensate for (when the effect is the opposite of that of temperature) the negative effects of temperature on metabolic scaling, which can result in multiple patterns of metabolic scaling with temperature among species. The present study aimed to examine whether metabolic scaling in black carp changes with temperature and to identify the link between metabolic scaling and SA at the organ and cellular levels at different temperatures. The resting metabolic rate (RMR), gill surface area (GSA) and red blood cell (RBC) size of black carp with different body masses were measured at 10 °C and 25 °C, and the scaling exponents of these parameters were compared. The results showed that both body mass and temperature independently affected the RMR, GSA and RBC size of black carp. A consistent scaling exponent of RMR (0.764, 95% CI [0.718–0.809]) was obtained for both temperatures. The RMR at 25 °C was 2.7 times higher than that at 10 °C. At both temperatures, the GSA scaled consistently with body mass by an exponent of 0.802 (95% CI [0.759–0.846]), while RBC size scaled consistently with body mass by an exponent of 0.042 (95% CI [0.010–0.075]). The constant GSA scaling can explain the constant metabolic scaling as temperature increases, as metabolism may be constrained by fluxes across surfaces. The GSA at 10 °C was 1.2 times higher than that at 25 °C, which suggests that the constraints of GSA on the metabolism of black carp is induced by the higher temperature. The RBC size at 10 °C was 1.1 times higher than that at 25 °C. The smaller RBC size (a larger surface-to-volume ratio) at higher temperature suggests an enhanced oxygen supply and a reduced surface boundary limit onbR, which offset the negative effect of temperature onbR.
Role of echocardiography in screening for portopulmonary hypertension in liver transplant candidates: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yin Xin , Shao Yueming , Zhang Yu , Gao Hui , Qin Tingting , Wen Xiaoyu , Yang Chen
Published: May 2020

Objectives

To demonstrate the screening value of echocardiography for portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) in liver transplant candidates.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background

POPH is a complication of end-stage liver disease that adversely affects the outcome of orthotopic liver transplant. There are no specific symptoms in the early stage of POPH. POPH reduce the survival rate of patients with end-stage liver disease specially if they are not diagnosed. Therefore, early detection may improve prognosis. The objective of this study is to explore the screening value of echocardiography on liver transplant candidates for screening of POPH compared to right heart catheterization (RHC).

Method

PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched by two independent reviewers for potentially eligible studies published up to 30 June 2019 to retrieve data based on per-patient analysis. STATA, Meta-DiSc, and RevMan were applied to perform this meta-analysis.

Results

Our search yielded 1576 studies, of which 11 satisfied the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve (AUC) of echocardiography for POPH were 0.85 (95% CI [0.65–0.94]), 0.83 (95% CI [0.73–0.90]), 4.99 (95% CI [3.03–8.21]), 0.19 (95% CI [0.07–0.46]), and 0.91 (95% CI [0.88–0.93]), respectively. Deeks’ funnel plot did not indicate the existence of publication bias (P = 0.66).

Conclusions

Echocardiography, a noninvasive modality, provides superior screening for POPH, but the diagnosis of POPH still requires RHC. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019144589.
New Insights into Export-growth Nexus: Wavelet and Causality Approaches
Authors: Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday
Published: May 2020

It is observed that exports play a significant role in economic expansion. Thus, this study tends to shed more light on the export and economic growth interaction in Nigeria using data between 1981 and 2018. Due to inconclusiveness in the literature, this study employs a more superior econometric technique to ascertain this link. Econometrics techniques utilized include ARDL, Toda Yamamoto causality, variance decomposition and wavelet coherence techniques. Findings from the study show; (i) there is cointegration among the variables utilized; (ii) there is evidence of synchronization hypothesis; (iii) gross capital formation, gross domestic savings, and export have a positive and significant impact on economic growth with foreign direct investment having an adverse effect; (iv); unidirectional causality was found running from gross capital formation, gross domestic savings and foreign direct investment to economic growth; (v) the wavelet coherence approach provide a supportive evidence for the ARDL and causality tests; and (vi) economic growth can predict a significant variation in export in the tenth year. Various recommendations were suggested based on these findings.
Assessment of Agro-morphological Characters among Complete Panicle Emergence Mutants of Samba Mahsuri (BPT-5204)
Authors: Suneel B. , Gopi P. , Karteek J. , Ershad M. D. , Laha G. S. , Padmakumari A. P. , Sundaram R. M. , Sonti V. Ramesh , Patel H. K. , Sudhakar P. , Satya A. Krishna , Madhav M. S.
Published: May 2020

Aims: The aim of the present work was to generate complete panicle emergence mutants of Samba Mahsuri (BPT-5204), using the chemical mutagen, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) 

Place and Duration of Study: The field evaluation was carried out repeatedly in two locations at Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar and at ICRISAT Patancheru Hyderabad. The duration of the study was three successive seasons in triplicates namely, june-2014, january-2015 and june-2015.

Methodology: Seedlings of 28-30 days old were transplanted in 5 lines (each line containing 20 plants) into the field. The plant spacing was 20 cm by 15 cm with density of one hill. The field was irrigated throughout the experiment with average of 10 cm water above the soil level. Regular hand weeding was embarked upon to free the plant of inter specific competition. The phenotypic data was recorded for CPE mutants through visual assessment. The characteristics that required measurements were done according to the usual procedure. The Distinctness, Uniformity and stability of the CPE mutant lines have been recorded following (DUS) test guidelines by UPOV guidelines for rice (38) & Yoshida S (44).

Results: The identified stabilized thirteen complete panicle emergence (CPE) mutants showed superior agro morphological characters, compared with wild type (BPT-5204). The mutants CPE-2 and CPE-3 took 100 days to flowering and CPE-4 and CPE-7 mutants showed superiority for panicle length, and CPE-5 exhibited good performance for grain yield. In correlation analysis CPE trait had a significantly positive correlation with PH and TGW and negative correlation with 50%DFF. The CPE mutants used in the present study exhibited variability for most of the studied traits. Significant variation was detected in the identified stabilized CPE mutants for plant height, panicle length, flag leaf length and width, 50% flowering, different grain types and 1000 grain weight.

Conclusion: The present study discovered adequate genetic divergence in the thirteen stabilized CPE mutants for various qualitative and quantitative traits. The promising mutants identified during the current study have the potential to be used in future breeding programs for getting productive and quality results.
Conditioning Electrical Stimulation Accelerates Regeneration in Nerve Transfers
Authors: Senger Jenna‐Lynn B. , Rabey Karyne N. , Morhart Michael J. , Chan K. Ming , Webber Christine A.
Published: May 2020

Objective

Compared to the upper limb, lower limb distal nerve transfer (DNT) outcomes are poor, likely due to the longer length of regeneration required. DNT surgery to treat foot drop entails rerouting a tibial nerve branch to the denervated common fibular nerve stump to reinnervate the tibialis anterior muscle for ankle dorsiflexion. Conditioning electrical stimulation (CES) prior to nerve repair surgery accelerates nerve regeneration and promotes sensorimotor recovery. We hypothesize that CES prior to DNT will promote nerve regeneration to restore ankle dorsiflexion.

Methods

One week following common fibular nerve crush, CES was delivered to the tibial nerve in half the animals, and at 2 weeks, all animals received a DNT. To investigate the effects of CES on nerve regeneration, a series of kinetic, kinematic, skilled locomotion, electrophysiologic, and immunohistochemical outcomes were assessed. The effects of CES on the nerve were investigated.

Results

CES‐treated animals had significantly accelerated nerve regeneration (p < 0.001), increased walking speed, and improved skilled locomotion. The injured limb had greater vertical peak forces, with improved duty factor, near‐complete recovery of braking, propulsive forces, and dorsiflexion (p < 0.01). Reinnervation of the tibialis anterior muscle was confirmed with nerve conduction studies and immunohistochemical analysis of the neuromuscular junction. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that CES does not induce Wallerian degeneration, nor does it cause macrophage infiltration of the distal tibial nerve.

Interpretation

Tibial nerve CES prior to DNT significantly improved functional recovery of the common fibular nerve and its muscle targets without inducing injury to the donor nerve. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:363–374.
Computational investigations on the dynamic binding effect of molecular tweezer CLR01 toward intrinsically disordered HIV‐1 Nef
Authors: Bhattarai Anil , Emerson Isaac Arnold
Published: May 2020

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are highly flexible molecules that undergo disorder to order transition through their interaction with other molecules. IDPs play a vital role in several biological processes ranging from molecular recognition to several human diseases through the protein–protein interaction. The dynamic flexibility of IDPs and their implications in several human diseases enable these molecules to serve as novel therapeutic targets. However, the challenging task is to develop novel drugs against IDPs because of their lack of stable structures and the nature of high conformational flexibility. In this study, we have calculated the dynamic binding effect of the supramolecular tweezer CLR01 against the intrinsically disordered HIV‐1 Nef by employing molecular docking and dynamics simulation approaches. From docking results, we predicted the strong binding affinity of the tweezer with the target residues of Nef. The docking results were further validated from the molecular dynamics simulation studies confirming the conformational stability of Nef upon tweezer binding. These findings provide useful insights into the development of potent inhibitors for targeting Nef protein functions.
Effectiveness of host cell protein removal using depth filtration with a filter containing diatomaceous earth
Authors: Nejatishahidein Negin , Borujeni Ehsan E. , Roush David J. , Zydney Andrew L.
Published: May 2020

The increased cell density and product titer in biomanufacturing have led to greater use of depth filtration as part of the initial clarification of cell culture fluid, either as a stand‐alone unit operation or after centrifugation. Several recent studies have shown that depth filters can also reduce the concentration of smaller impurities like host cell proteins (HCP) and DNA, decreasing the burden on subsequent chromatographic operations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the HCP removal properties of the Pall PDH4 depth filter media, a model depth filter containing diatomaceous earth, cellulose fibers, and a binder. Experiments were performed with both cell culture fluid (CCF) and a series of model proteins with defined pI, molecular weight, and hydrophobicity chosen to match the range of typical HCP. The location of adsorbed (fluorescently labeled) proteins within the depth filters was determined using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Protein binding was greater for proteins that were positively charged and more hydrophobic, consistent with adsorption to the negatively charged diatomaceous earth. The lowest degree of binding was seen with proteins near their pI, which were poorly removed by this filter. These results provide new mechanistic insights into the factors governing the filter capacity and performance characteristics of depth filters containing diatomaceous earth that are widely used in the clarification of CCF.
Insight into Ce Doping Induced Oxygen Vacancies over Ce‐Doped Mno2 Catalysts for Imine Synthesis
Authors: Shen Haidong , Bu Jun , Wang Wenbin , Wu Chen , Cao Yueling , Zhang Baoliang , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Hepeng
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusion

The pursuit of modern sustainable chemistry has stimulated the development of innovative catalytic processes that enable chemical transformations to be performed under mild and clean conditions with high efficiency. Here, an amorphous sheet‐like MnO2 (Ce‐doped MnO2: CMBO) was obtained after Ce doping, which exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the oxidation coupling of alcohol and aniline. Conversion of 99% and a selectivity of 99% could be achieved within 6 h at 60 oC under air atmosphere, and the formation rate of target product was up to 30.2 μmol·h–1·m–2. Based on a series of characterizations, it was found that the doping of Ce into the MnO2 could increase the concentration of the oxygen vacancies, thus forming abundant active surface oxygen species and favoring the mobility of lattice oxygen, which are the main reasons for the greatly enhanced catalytic performance of CMBO. This work indicates that increasing oxygen vacancy by element doping may serve as a facile and efficient way to enhance catalytic performance of transition metal oxide.
Monofluoromethyl‐Substituted Sulfonium Ylides: Preparation, Structure‐Reactivity Study and Substrate Scope†
Authors: Hong Xin , Liu Yafei , Lu Long , Shen Qilong
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusion

Structure‐reactivity study of a family of electrophilic monofluoromethylating reagents based on sulfonium ylide skeleton with different steric hindrance and electron‐withdrawing properties was described. These studies led us to discover two highly reactive reagents 3 with a cyclic malonate backbone and 6 with an electron‐poor 1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoropentane‐2,4‐dione backbone. The high reactivity of reagent 6 allowed to highly selectively access either C‐monofluoromethylated or O‐monofluoromethylated β‐ketoesters in high yields by the use of different bases. In addition, reactions of reagent 3 with a variety of nucleophiles including phenols, carboxylic acids, thiophenols or heteroaryl nucleophiles occurred in full conversion within 10 min at room temperature and the scopes for these reactions were reported in detail.
A Star‐Shaped Solvatofluorochromic Pyrene‐Triarylamine Derivative as a Fluorescent Thermometer over a Wide Temperature Range†
Authors: Sun Tian‐Ge , Gong Zhong‐Liang , Shao Jiang‐Yang , Zhong Yu‐Wu
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusion

A star‐shaped compound 1 with a pyrene core and four triarylamine arms has been prepared and characterized. It exhibits intense intramolecular‐charge‐transfer (ICT) emissions with strong solvatofluorochromism. On the basis of the temperature‐dependent emission color and wavelength changes, compound 1 behaves as a fluorescent thermometer between 200 and 400 K with a high theromosensitivity. In comparison, model compounds with one or two triarylamine arms show distinctly lower thermosensitivity.
Differential temporal and spatial post‐injury alterations in cerebral cell morphology and viability
Authors: Amtul Zareen , Najdat Abdullah N. , Hill David J. , Arany Edith J.
Published: May 2020

Combination of ischemia and β‐amyloid (Aβ) toxicity has been shown to simultaneously increase neuro‐inflammation, endogenous Aβ deposition, and neurodegeneration. However, studies on the evolution of infarct and panorama of cellular degeneration as a synergistic or overlapping mechanism between ischemia and Aβ toxicity are lacking. Here, we compared fluorojade B (FJB) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains primarily to examine the chronology of infarct, and the viability and morphological changes in neuroglia and neurons located in different brain regions on d1, d7, and d28 post Aβ toxicity and endothelin‐1 induced ischemia (ET1) in rats. We demonstrated a regional difference in cellular degeneration between cortex, corpus callosum, striatum, globus pallidus, and thalamus after cerebral injury. Glial cells in the cortex and corpus callosum underwent delayed FJB staining from d7 to d28, but neurons in cortex disappeared within the first week of cerebral injury. Striatal lesion core and globus pallidus of Aβ + ET1 rats showed extensive degeneration of neuronal cells compared with ET1 rats alone starting from d1. Differential and exacerbated expressions of cyclooxygenase‐2 might be the cause of excessive neuronal demise in the striatum of Aβ + ET1 rats. Such an investigation may improve our understanding to identify and manipulate a critical therapeutic window post comorbid injury.
Forage accumulation and nutritive value of bermudagrass and alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures when harvested for baleage
Authors: Hendricks Taylor J. , Tucker Jennifer J. , Hancock Dennis W. , Mullenix M. Kimberly , Baxter Lisa L. , Stewart Robert L. , Segers Jacob R. , Bernard John K.
Published: May 2020

Interseeding alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) into bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] can be an effective way to improve forage quality and reduce the need for additional supplementation when fed to livestock. The objective of this research was to compare the nutritive value and forage mass of bermudagrass with and without interseeded alfalfa when harvested as baleage. On 19 Feb. 2016, 0.2‐ha plots were assigned in a randomized complete block design to either ‘Tifton 85’ (T85) or T85 interseeded with ‘Bulldog 805’ alfalfa (T85+Alf) in an established field of Tifton 85 bermudagrass at the University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA. The T85 received 84 kg N ha−1 four times throughout the growing season. Plots were harvested at early bloom stage every 28–35 d throughout the growing season, baled at 40–60% moisture, and individually wrapped. At each harvest, plots were evaluated for botanical composition and forage mass, and bales were sampled prior to wrapping for nutritive value analysis. The T85+Alf plots produced additional harvests each season, leading to greater herbage accumulation than T85 plots (P < .01). The T85+Alf treatment had greater crude protein and total digestible nutrients than T85 in each of the 3 yr, suggesting this mixture will need no or less supplementation to meet the nutritional requirements of a lactating beef cow. Therefore, interseeding alfalfa into a bermudagrass system improves forage mass and nutritive value.
Exploiting interspecific heterosis between African rice and Asian rice
Authors: Sun Yongsheng , He Wenchuang , Xie Yi , Zhao Wubin , Tan Jingfa , Yang Xu , Dang Tengfei , Dong Xilong , Xi Kun , Liu Yuhong , Hu Yalin , Efisue Andrew A. , Jin Deming
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study was to explore the heterosis of partial interspecific hybrids between African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) and Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its correlation with genetic distance. Sixty‐nine rice accessions including 57 introgression lines (ILs) were tested for population structure and genetic distance. Forty‐nine crosses between ILs and a test variety, Shengtai1 (ST1), were evaluated for midparent heterosis of nine agronomic traits. Population structure, genetic distance, and the proportion of O. glaberrima genome (PGG) of ILs and heterosis of the test crosses were estimated and analyzed. The PGG of the ILs ranged from 1.22 to 49.71%, with an average of 15.29%. The genetic distance between parents of the tested crosses was positively correlated to the PGG of ILs (r = .95, P < .01). Positive heterosis was scored on plant height (12.23%), panicles per plant (19.97%), panicle length (10.37%), spikelets per panicle (24.06%), thousand‐grain weight (14.00%), length/width ratio of grain (0.03%), and grain yield per plant (60.77%) of the partial interspecific hybrids. Although the introgression of more African genomic genes could effectively increase the genetic distance between ILs and the test variety that lead to positive heterosis for most agronomic traits, it could also increase the possibility of the occurrence of interspecific sterility that might decrease the seed setting rate and result in negative heterosis (−2.57%). These data indicated that the introgression of African rice genes into the genome of Asian rice could effectively broaden the genetic diversity, and the deployment of ILs as parents could be a potential way for exploiting interspecific heterosis in rice.
Efficient generation of compact symbolic network functions in a nested rational form
Authors: Filaretov Vladimir , Gorshkov Konstantin
Published: May 2020

This paper presents the extension of generalized parameter extraction method for direct circuit function generation in a fully symbolic form of rational expressions or a nested s‐expanded polynomial. The new formula for implicit extraction of parameters that allows effective factoring by grouping of determinants of circuits containing any linear models of active elements, such as controlled sources, nullors, and pathological mirrors, is proposed. The concept of nullor with parameter is used for implicit extraction. The rules of optimal selection of parameters for extraction are presented. The proposed algorithm of symbolic analysis is implemented in the CirSym program, which is available online. The paper discusses the results of automatic analysis of several large active circuits, as well as determinants of matrixes and passive topologies, in terms of compact size and minimization of the number of arithmetic operations. Experimental results demonstrate that the expressions of determinants derived by CirSym are more compact than the results of the factorization algorithms of commercial computer algebra systems. The comparison with several other symbolic analysis algorithms shows that CirSym is the only available program that provides the exact calculation of the symbolic function of large circuits in the s‐expanded form with every coefficient being a compact‐nested expression.
An extra virgin olive oil‐enriched diet improves maternal, placental, and cord blood parameters in GDM pregnancies
Authors: Gomez Ribot Dalmiro , Diaz Esteban , Fazio María Victoria , Gómez Hebe Lorena , Fornes Daiana , Macchi Silvia Beatriz , Gresta Carlos Alberto , Capobianco Evangelina , Jawerbaum Alicia
Published: May 2020

Aims

To address the effect of a diet enriched in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on maternal metabolic parameters and placental proinflammatory markers in Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients.

Methods

Pregnant women at 24‐28 weeks of gestation were enrolled: 33 GDM patients which were randomly assigned or not to the EVOO‐enriched group and 17 healthy controls. Metabolic parameters were determined. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) γ and PPARα protein expression, expression of microRNA (miR)‐130a and miR‐518d (which respectively target these PPAR isoforms) and levels of proinflammatory markers were evaluated in term placentas. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity was evaluated in term placentas and umbilical cord blood.

Results

GDM patients that received the EVOO‐enriched diet showed reduced pregnancy weight gain (GDM‐EVOO:10.3 ± 0.9, GDM:14.2 ± 1.4, P = .03) and reduced triglyceridemia (GDM‐EVOO:231 ± 14, GDM:292 ± 21, P = .02) compared to the non‐EVOO‐enriched GDM group. In GDM placentas, the EVOO‐enriched diet did not regulate PPARγ protein expression or miR‐130a expression, but prevented the reduced PPARα protein expression (P = .02 vs GDM) and the increased miR‐518d expression (P = .009 vs GDM). Increased proinflammatory markers (interleukin‐1β, tumour necrosis factor‐α and nitric oxide overproduction) in GDM placentas were prevented by the EVOO‐enriched diet (respectively P = .001, P = .001 and P = .01 vs GDM). MMPs overactivity was prevented in placenta and umbilical cord blood in the EVOO‐enriched GDM group (MMP‐9: respectively P = .01 and P = .001 vs GDM).

Conclusions

A diet enriched in EVOO in GDM patients reduced maternal triglyceridemia and weight gain and has antiinflammatory properties in placenta and umbilical cord blood, possibly mediated by the regulation of PPAR pathways.
Variability in condensation water and its determinants in arid regions of north‐western China
Authors: Fang Jing
Published: May 2020

Condensation water plays an important ecohydrological role in arid and semi‐arid regions. However, little is known about the factors determining the formation of condensation over long term, especially in desert oases in arid areas. During 2005–2014, we investigated the main limiting factors in formation of condensation water for five different surfaces (interdune, dune top, flat vegetation‐free sand, artificial grassland and plantation forest), sand particle sizes, and temperature and humidity control experiment in a typical arid region of north‐western China. Results showed that changes in microhabitat resulting from different surface conditions had a significant influence on the amount of condensation water in arid desert ecosystem. Except for sand particle sizes 0.2–0.02 and 2–0.2 mm, the amount of average daily condensation for different sand particle sizes differed significantly (P < 0.05) and decreased with an increase in sand particle size. Air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), air and surface temperature range (RT) and wind speed (WS) can significantly (P < 0.05) affect the formation of condensation water in arid regions, and the thresholds of condensation water formation were RH > 25% and WS < 3.50 m s−1. Such effects, however, differed among the different surfaces due to different conditions of soil characteristics, microhabitats and regional climate. These results suggest that the influence of site characteristics, microhabitats and regional climate on the formation of condensation water should attract more attention and that both the relative importance and the interactions among different determining factors will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanistic determinants for the formation of condensation water in arid areas.
Characteristics of hypoglycaemic episodes in diabetic patients treated at the emergency room of a Portuguese tertiary centre, 2012‐2016
Authors: Pereira Catarina A. , Almeida Raquel , Dores Jorge
Published: May 2020

Objective

To analyse changes in the characteristics of hypoglycaemic episodes treated in the emergency room of a tertiary hospital in Portugal between 2012 and 2016.

Research Design and Methods

We retrospectively analysed all emergency room reports for patients discharged with a diagnosis of hypoglycaemia between 2012 and 2016 and analysed demographic characteristics, type of diabetes and treatments, causes of hypoglycaemia and discharge destination. Patients without diabetes were excluded.

Results

In total, 676 hypoglycaemic episodes were analysed. Most patients were female (59%) and the median age of the patients was 71 years (interquartile range, 57‐81). The proportion of hypoglycaemic episodes relative to all emergency episodes decreased from 1.5% in 2012 to 1.0% in 2016 (P < .001). The proportion of patients with type 1 diabetes increased from 15.6% to 23.8%, while that of patients with type 2 diabetes decreased from 80.3% to 72.3% (nonsignificant differences). There was an increase in the use of insulin (67.1% to 85.4%, P = .02) and a decrease in the use of insulin secretagogues (26.6% to 11.5%, P = .03) over the study period. The rate of hospitalization dropped significantly from 11% in 2012 to 4.3% in 2015 and 5.4% in 2016 (P = .02).

Conclusions

Despite the increasing use of newer diabetes medications associated with a lower risk of hypoglycaemia, these episodes still require emergency care. The proportion of patients receiving insulin increased over the years, probably due to the slight increase in the prevalence of type 1 diabetes and the increasing replacement of secretagogues with insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Cell surface IL‐1α trafficking is specifically inhibited by interferon‐γ, and associates with the membrane via IL‐1R2 and GPI anchors
Authors: Chan Julie N.E. , Humphry Melanie , Kitt Lauren , Krzyzanska Dominika , Filbey Kara J. , Bennett Martin R. , Clarke Murray C.H.
Published: May 2020

IL‐1 is a powerful cytokine that drives inflammation and modulates adaptive immunity. Both IL‐1α and IL‐1β are translated as proforms that require cleavage for full cytokine activity and release, while IL‐1α is reported to occur as an alternative plasma membrane‐associated form on many cell types. However, the existence of cell surface IL‐1α (csIL‐1α) is contested, how IL‐1α tethers to the membrane is unknown, and signaling pathways controlling trafficking are not specified. Using a robust and fully validated system, we show that macrophages present bona fide csIL‐1α after ligation of TLRs. Pro‐IL‐1α tethers to the plasma membrane in part through IL‐1R2 or via association with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein, and can be cleaved, activated, and released by proteases. csIL‐1α requires de novo protein synthesis and its trafficking to the plasma membrane is exquisitely sensitive to inhibition by IFN‐γ, independent of expression level. We also reveal how prior csIL‐1α detection could occur through inadvertent cell permeabilisation, and that senescent cells do not drive the senescent‐associated secretory phenotype via csIL‐1α, but rather via soluble IL‐1α. We believe these data are important for determining the local or systemic context in which IL‐1α can contribute to disease and/or physiological processes.
High‐risk cytogenetics in multiple myeloma: Further scrutiny of deletions within the IGH gene region enhances risk stratification
Authors: Smith Scott C. , Althof Pamela A. , Dave Bhavana J. , Sanmann Jennifer N.
Published: May 2020

Multiple myeloma is a clonal malignancy of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Risk stratification is partly based on cytogenetic findings that include abnormalities of the IGH locus as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), such as rearrangements that result in either standard‐risk or high‐risk gene fusions. IGH deletions have been evaluated as a group in multiple myeloma patients with respect to cumulative outcomes but have provided limited guidance. Whether these deletions have the potential to result in gene fusions and thus further stratify patients is unknown. We identified 229 IGH deletions in patients referred for plasma cell dyscrasia genetic testing over 5.5 years. Follow‐up was conducted on 208 of the deletions with dual fusion FISH probes for standard‐risk (IGH‐CCND1) and high‐risk IGH gene fusions (IGH‐FGFR3, IGH‐MAF, IGH‐MAFB). Of all deletions identified with follow‐up, 44 (21%) resulted in a gene fusion as detected by FISH, 15 (7%) of which were fusion partners associated with high‐risk multiple myeloma. All fusion‐positive 3′‐IGH deletions (6 fusions) resulted in high‐risk IGH‐FGFR3 fusions. Of the 15 high‐risk fusion‐positive cases, eight were without other high‐risk cytogenetic findings. This study is the first to evaluate the presence of IGH gene fusions upon identification of IGH deletions and to characterize the deletion locus. Importantly, these findings indicate that follow‐up FISH studies with dual fusion probes should be standard of care when IGH deletions are identified in multiple myeloma.
A low‐grade malignant soft tissue tumor with S100 and CD34 co‐expression showing novel CDC42SE2‐BRAF fusion with distinct features
Authors: Sheng Shao‐Jie , Li Ju‐Ming , Zou Yue‐Fen , Peng Xiao‐Jing , Wang Qian‐Yu , Fang Hai‐Sheng , Li Xiao , Ding Ying , Fan Qin‐He , Zhang Zhi‐Hong , Wei Yong‐Zhong , Gong Qi‐Xing
Published: May 2020

Recently, a novel group of spindle cell tumors defined by S100 and CD34 co‐expression harboring recurrent fusions involving RET, RAF1, BRAF, and NTRK1/2 gene has been identified. Morphologically, they are characterized by monomorphic neoplasm cells, “patternless” growth pattern, stromal, and perivascular hyalinization, lacked necrosis. We reported a 52‐year‐old Chinese female patient with a S100 and CD34 co‐expression sarcoma presenting in the right proximal forearm. The forearm mass initially emerged 19 months ago when it was misdiagnosed as a solitary fibrous tumor and was surgically removed without further treatment. Microscopically, the primary and the recurred tumors share the same features, resembling the morphology of the recently characterized group. Nevertheless, some distinct features, such as predominantly epithelioid tumor cells and focally staghorn vessels, were also present in our case. Genomic profiling with clinical next‐generation sequencing was performed and revealed CDC42SE2‐BRAF gene fusion, MET amplification, and CDKN2A/B deletion. Both FISH and nested RT‐PCR were performed to confirm the gene fusion. The patient was treated with crizotinib for two cycles but showed no obvious benefit. The presented case adds to the spectrum of the novel, characterized solid tumors, and provides suggestions for emerging therapeutic strategies for precision medicine involving targeted kinase inhibitors.
Virtualization of customer equipment: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Meneses Flávio , Corujo Daniel , Aguiar Rui L.
Published: May 2020

Emerging concepts such as Software Defined Networking (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Network Slicing have been pushing new and flexible ways for providers to manage their services through the simplification of the hardware, allowing a faster deployment of new services and the optimization of their capital and operational expenses. Accordingly, the customer premises equipment (CPE) used at the customer site for his/her access to the network has been changing its paradigm in order to allow both customers and providers to benefit from virtualization. In this paper we review the latest developments and proposals on the CPE virtualization, discussing its challenges and opportunities, as well as point out for future directions.
Enhanced UE slice availability and mobility through multi‐connectivity in 5G multi‐RAT networks
Authors: Nayak Manjeshwar Akshatha , Jha Pranav , Karandikar Abhay , Chaporkar Prasanna
Published: May 2020

Fifth Generation (5G) mobile networks utilize network slicing for providing diverse services over a shared infrastructure. User Equipments (UEs) can access multiple slices concurrently to avail services requiring different Quality of Service (QoS). Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G stipulates that all slices supported for a given UE should be deployed homogeneously over its Registration Area (RA) for ensuring slice availability during mobility. 3GPP also prescribes mechanisms such as multi‐connectivity for improving mobility robustness in heterogeneous networks. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of multi‐connectivity in the context of network slicing has not been well‐explored. In this paper, we propose using multi‐connectivity for improving the availability of network slices.1