bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Markers of Subclinical Myocardial Damage and Wall Stress: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Michos Erin D. , Selvin Elizabeth , Misialek Jeffrey R. , McEvoy John W. , Ndumele Chiadi E. , Folsom Aaron R. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Lutsey Pamela L.
Published: November 2016

Background

Low 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[
OH
]D) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Less known is whether 25(
OH
)D deficiency contributes to subclinical myocardial damage and wall stress (high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T [hs‐
cTnT
] and N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide [
NT
‐pro
BNP
]) or whether associations vary among subgroups.

Methods and Results

Overall, 11 311 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants without prevalent cardiovascular disease had 25(
OH
)D, hs‐
cTnT
, and
NT
‐pro
BNP
measured at baseline (1990–1992), and 8990 had measurements of hs‐
cTnT
and
NT
‐pro
BNP
repeated 6 years later. We examined associations of deficient 25(
OH
)D (<20 ng/mL) with prevalent elevated hs‐
cTnT
(≥14 ng/L) and
NT
‐pro
BNP
(≥100 pg/mL), change in hs‐
cTnT
and
NT
‐pro
BNP
, and incident elevated hs‐
cTnT
and
NT
‐pro
BNP
. We tested for interactions by age (<56 and ≥56 years), sex, and race. In fully adjusted models, 25(
OH
)D was not associated with prevalent elevated hs‐
cTnT
and
NT
‐pro
BNP
. Deficient 25(
OH
)D, however, was associated with increased 6‐year change in hs‐
cTnT
(β=0.54 ng/L [95%
CI
0.08–1.01]) but not change in
NT
‐pro
BNP
. Deficiency in 25(
OH
)D was not associated with incident elevated hs‐
cTnT
in the overall cohort but was associated with incident elevated hs‐
cTnT
in younger but not older adults (relative risk 2.18 [95% CI 1.21–3.94] versus 0.78 [95% CI 0.56–1.08], respectively;
P
=0.01 for interaction by age). Deficient 25(
OH
)D was also associated with incident elevated
NT
‐pro
BNP
in men but not women (
P
=0.01 for interaction by sex).

Conclusions

Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased 6‐year change in hs‐
cTnT
levels. Hypothesis‐generating differences in associations by age and sex, but not race, were observed. If these associations are causal, further research is needed to understand mechanisms by which low 25(
OH
)D confers increased risk in these subgroups and whether treating deficient 25(
OH
)D can prevent myocardial damage and wall stress.
„Augen war ich für den Blinden . . .“ (Hi 29,15) Mensch, Körper und Gesellschaft in Hiob 29 und 30
Authors: Schmidt Uta
Published: November 2016

Job’s self-descriptions of his situation in Job 29 and 30 “in the months of old” (קדם) and “now” (עתה) picture his fall and his loss. The literary form of a 1st-person-speech gives the impression of Job creating his own cosmos with his body at the center which is rather unambiguous compared to the dialogues of Job and his friends. A close analysis of these two to corresponding chapters of the book of Job show how bodily and social experiences are intricately interwoven in the presentation of Job’s fall. His existence as a human being—in the bodily and social sphere—is thus presented as dependent on relatedness to God and to other human beings.
The Dynamism of Desire
Authors: Skralovnik Samo
Published: November 2016

A corpus-based semantic analysis of verbal forms of the roots ʼwh and ḥmd indicates that, although the original distinction between the roots may have become somewhat blurred, a fairly consistent pattern is still discernible; it suggests that the verb form of the lexical root ʼwh refers to a desire that arises from basic human needs (hunger, thirst, etc.), whereas the verb form of the lexical root ḥmd denotes a desire that stems from greed.
Intergenerational Dimensions of Transnational Chinese Migrant Families in New Zealand — A Research Gap Identified (新西兰跨国华人移民家庭的代际维度研究)
Authors: Liu (刘良妮) Liangni Sally
Published: November 2016

With the accelerating trend toward transnational families in many parts of the world associated with globalization, coping with the demand for family reunification has become a major challenge for both migrant families and migrant-sending and -receiving societies. In July 2012, a significant policy change regarding the Family Sponsorship Stream (Parent Category) took place in New Zealand, which raised the bar for migrants’ elderly parents on entering New Zealand as permanent residents. This policy change has a significant impact on many Chinese migrant families from the People’s Republic of China (prc), where filial piety is an important part of traditional values and the state provides very limited ageing support to the elderly. In the meantime, legislation came into force in China in July 2013 that requires children to visit their* elderly parents “often” or risk being sued. This paper takes these policy and legislative changes as a starting point for an exploration of the changing dynamics of Chinese migrant families in New Zealand in a multi-generational and transnational context. It first examines the impact of the New Zealand policy and then discusses the wider implications of this policy change on migrant family dynamics as well as on New Zealand society. The second focus is on younger generations in the Chinese migrant families. Linking three generations of the Chinese migrant families together, the final part of this paper addresses a highly pertinent research area — the intergenerational dimensions of transnational migration.

全球化进程催速了跨国移民家庭现象的形成。这些身居异地的移民家庭成员对家庭团聚有着非常强烈的诉求, 但却面临来自移民源发国和接收国制度和体系造成的对家庭团聚的种种阻碍。 新西兰在 2012 年开始执行新的家庭团聚担保政策。紧缩的新政策使成年移民子女担保父母移民变得更加困难，对新西兰新华人移民家庭造成了负面影响。原因主要是子女孝顺与父母同住的华人传统理念与新西兰不欢迎移民年老父母的政策倾向形成的冲突。华人移民家庭面临的压力还来自于移民源发国—— 中国的新立法改革。2013 年 7 月中国正式立法规定成年子女必须勤力探望照顾年迈父母，否则将会面临法律指控。本文以这项新立法为着眼点，深入探究新西兰多代大陆华人新移民家庭现在面临的来自家庭内部成员间的压力和来自外部跨国移民趋势的影响。本文首先研究新西兰 2012 年家庭父母类别团聚新政策对移民社区的冲击和影响， 再深入分析该新移民政策调整对移民家庭内部关系，种族关系的引申社会含义。 本文最后一部分着重比对出一个至今还被忽略的研究领域空白—那就是跨国移民的代际维度。

This article is in English.
Distinctive Beliefs and Practices (华人宗教信仰和实践)
Authors: Woo (吴德龄) Tak-ling Terry
Published: November 2016

This article examines the history of Chinese religiosities in Saskatoon. Chinese Religion(s), described by Jordan and Li Paper and David Chuenyan Lai as an “unrecognized” religion in Canada, can just as easily be described as “misunderstood.” To better understand the “religion(s)” of Chinese Canadians, this exploratory essay concentrates on the population in Saskatoon from the mid-nineteenth to the early twenty-first centuries with the help of archival materials that range from oral interviews to photographs; headstone inscriptions and offerings at graves in Hillcrest and Woodlawn cemeteries; textual sources including newspapers, provincial statutes, books, and journal articles; and thirteen interviews conducted in 2007.

这篇论文试图通过对加拿大萨斯卡通市的华人宗教信仰和实践的考察和分析说明文化上的误解是造成白人对华人负面印象的重要原因。学者描述加拿大华人的宗教信仰是“未被认可的”，不如称之为“被误解的”更为恰当。为了更好地认识和理解加籍华人的宗教信仰及其实践，这篇探索性的论文重点放在 19 世纪中至 21 世纪初加拿大萨斯卡通的华人。论文采用的档案资料包括面谈、照片、墓碑刻文、 Hillcrest 和 Woodlawn 墓地的祭物，以及包括报刊、萨省法规、书籍、期刊论文和 2007 年进行的 13 次面谈的文本资料。

This article is in English.
Diagnosing Cloud Microphysical Process Information from Remote Sensing Measurements—A Feasibility Study Using Aircraft Data. Part I: Tropical Anvils Measured during TC4
Authors: Mace Gerald , Benson Sally
Published: November 2016

The authors investigate whether radar remote sensing of a certain class of ice clouds allows for characterization of the precipitation rates and aggregation processes. The NASA DC-8 collected the measurements in tropical anvils during July and August 2007 as part of the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) experiment. Measured hydrometeor size distributions are used to estimate precipitation rates (P) and to solve the hydrodynamical collection equation. These distributions are also used to estimate radar reflectivity factors (Z) and Doppler velocities (Vd) at W, Ka, and Ku bands. Optimal estimation techniques are then used to estimate the uncertainty in retrieving P and aggregation rates (A) from combinations of Z and Vd. It is found that diagnosing information about A requires significant averaging and that a dual-frequency combination of W and Ka bands seems to provide the most information for the ice clouds sampled during TC4. Furthermore, the addition of Vd with expected uncertainty contributes little to the microphysical retrieval of either P or A. It is also shown that accounting for uncertainty in ice microphysical bulk density dominates the retrieval uncertainty in both P and A causing, for instance, the instantaneous uncertainty in retrieved P to increase from ~30% to ~200%.
The Minimum Length Scale for Evaluating QG Omega Using High-Resolution Model Data
Authors: Battalio Michael , Dyer Jamie
Published: November 2016

The minimum length scale to investigate quasigeostrophic (QG) vertical motion within a mesoscale operational model is determined using simulations of 28 baroclinic systems from the North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) model. Two upscaling methods are tested to find the optimal QG characteristic length. The box method takes an average of each field before performing finite-differencing calculations. The cross method samples the data at increasing distances between finite-difference calculations. The traditional QG omega equation is evaluated with each upscaling technique and found to be reliable between 800 and 200 hPa. The minimum QG length scale is found to be L = 140 km considering correlations of QG omega back to operational model values, which are for both methods on an “extended” QG omega. The box method performs marginally better than the cross method due to a larger reduction of QG forcing in higher-order wavenumbers, but at the appropriate length scale, both methods have indistinguishable correlations.
Bronchoscopy and Fogarty Balloon Insertion of Distal Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula for Oesophageal Atresia Repair With Video Illustration
Authors: Rinkel Rico , Van Poll Daan , Sibarani-Ponsen Renate , Sleeboom Christien , Bakx Roel
Published: November 2016

Background/Purpose:

During repair of esophageal atresia with distal tracheo-esophageal fistula, air leakage through the fistula during mechanical ventilation can cause respiratory demise.

Methods:

From February 2012 until November 2014, all patients with esophageal atresia and distal tracheo-esophageal fistula were subjected to preoperative tracheobronchoscopy. Relatively distal fistulas were cannulated with a Fogarty catheter and blocked by insufflation (video illustration). Relatively proximal distal fistulas were sealed by precise placement of a cuffed ventilation tube.

Results:

Nine of 12 patients received Fogarty balloon placement. The fistula of the remaining 3 patients were sealed by careful tube placement. No complications related to tracheobronchoscopy or Fogarty placement were noted. All procedures were uneventful.

Conclusions:

Preoperative tracheobronchoscopy to evaluate the usefulness of Fogarty balloon insertion or correct tube placement for distal tracheo-esophageal fistula is a safe and easy to perform procedure that can avoid complications in type C esophageal atresia repair.
Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Sampling in Infrared Spectroscopy of Heterogeneous Materials Requires Reproducible Pressure Control
Authors: Lu Zhenyu , Cassidy Brianna M. , DeJong Stephanie A. , Belliveau Raymond G. , Myrick Michael L. , Morgan Stephen L.
Published: November 2016

Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy, in which the sample is pressed against an internal reflection element, is a popular technique for rapid IR spectral collection. However, depending on the accessory design, the pressure applied to the sample is not always well controlled. While collecting data from fabrics with heterogeneous coatings, we have observed systematic pressure-dependent changes in spectra that can be eliminated by more reproducible pressure control. We also described a pressure sensor adapted to work with an ATR tower to enable more precise control of pressure during ATR sampling.
Community mental health care after self-harm: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Spittal Matthew J , Shand Fiona , Christensen Helen , Brophy Lisa , Pirkis Jane
Published: November 2016

Objective:

Presentation to hospital after self-harm is an opportunity to treat underlying mental health problems. We aimed to describe the pattern of mental health contacts following hospital admission focusing on those with and without recent contact with community mental health services (connected and unconnected patients).

Methods:

We undertook a data linkage study of all individuals admitted as a general or psychiatric inpatient to hospital after self-harm in New South Wales, Australia, between 2005 and 2011. We identified the proportion of admissions where the patient received subsequent in-person community mental health care within 30 days of discharge and the factors associated with receipt of that care.

Results:

A total of 42,353 individuals were admitted to hospital for self-harm. In 41% of admissions, the patient had contact with a community mental health service after discharge. Patients connected with community mental health services had 5.33 (95% confidence interval = [5.09, 5.59]) times higher odds of follow-up care than unconnected patients. Other factors, such as increasing age and treatment as a psychiatric inpatient, were associated with lower odds of follow-up community care.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that full advantage is not being taken of the opportunity to provide comprehensive mental health care for people who self-harm once they have been discharged from the inpatient setting. This is particularly the case for those who have not previously received community mental health care. There appears to be scope for system-level improvement in the way in which those who are treated for self-harm are followed up in the community.
Metallic reinforcements role on aluminum silicon composites wear behavior
Authors: Miranda G , Buciumeanu M , Costa MM , Bartolomeu F , Silva FS , Carvalho O
Published: November 2016

This study is concerned with the influence of four metallic reinforcements on aluminum-silicon (AlSi) composites, with respect to wear behavior. AlSi-Ti; AlSi-Ti6Al4V; AlSi-1.4301 stainless steel and AlSi-Ni particulate reinforced composites were produced by a hot-pressing route. Microstructural characterization showed a uniform distribution of the reinforcing particles in the AlSi matrix. Reciprocating pin-on-plate wear tests were performed for AlSi and AlSi-based composites against gray cast iron plates. In order to compare the effect of different metallic particulates on the AlSi-based composites/gray cast iron tribopair wear performance, besides the pin, the counterface was also analyzed. The particle/matrix interface is analyzed in order to understand its influence on the tribopair behavior and on the controlling wear mechanisms. It was shown that the better compromise between both sliding surfaces performance was attained by AlSi-Ni/gray cast iron tribopair.
Phosphate and Vitamin D Prevent Periodontitis in X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Biosse Duplan M. , Coyac B.R. , Bardet C. , Zadikian C. , Rothenbuhler A. , Kamenicky P. , Briot K. , Linglart A. , Chaussain C.
Published: November 2016

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare genetic skeletal disease where increased phosphate wasting in the kidney leads to hypophosphatemia and prevents normal mineralization of bone and dentin. Here, we examined the periodontal status of 34 adults with XLH and separated them according to the treatment they received for hypophosphatemia. We observed that periodontitis frequency and severity were increased in adults with XLH and that the severity varied according to the hypophosphatemia treatment. Patients who benefited from an early and continuous vitamin D and phosphate supplementation during their childhood presented less periodontal attachment loss than patients with late or incomplete supplementation. Continued hypophosphatemia treatment during adulthood further improved the periodontal health. Extracted teeth from patients with late or incomplete supplementation showed a strong acellular cementum hypoplasia when compared with age-matched healthy controls. These results show that XLH disturbs not only bone and dentin formation but also cementum and that the constitutional defect of the attachment apparatus is associated with attachment loss.
On Africa in Oceania: Thinking Besides the Subaltern
Authors: Shilliam Robbie
Published: November 2016

In this text, written in relation to my book The Black Pacific, I introduce the connections of the Black Pacific, especially those by which Māori and Pasifika struggles against land dispossession, settler colonialism and racism connect with the struggles of African peoples against slavery, (settler) colonialism and racism. Sociologically, historically and geographically speaking, these connections between colonized and postcolonized peoples appear to be extremely thin, almost ephemeral. But those who critically cultivate these connections know otherwise. In addressing how they might know otherwise, the text addresses the need for critical theory to account in good faith for its reproduction of colonial knowledge structures.
Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene Polymorphism in a Sample of Egyptian Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: ElBaz Mohamed Farida , Kamal Tarek Mostafa , Zahra Sally Soliman , Khfagy Mona Abdel Hakiem , Youssef Azza Mohamed
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to detect DRD4 receptor gene polymorphisms in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children and to correlate their phenotype-genotype. Fifty children with ADHD were diagnosed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria and were subjected to Conners Parent Rating Scale. All cases and controls were subjected to history taking, physical examination, IQ assessment, and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) exon 3 genotyping. The 7-repeat allele was present only in controls, whereas 2-repeat allele was present in the ADHD children (heterozygous 2-repeat allele in 16% and homozygous in 26% of cases). Eight percent of cases had homozygous 4-repeat allele vs 28% of controls, whereas 10% of cases had heterozygous 4-repeat allele vs 6% of controls, with its predominance in controls. The 2-repeat and 4-repeat alleles have been associated with more inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity phenotypes. In conclusion, children with ADHD had a significant presence of the 2-repeat allele and absence of the 7-repeat allele.
New Approaches to Data-Driven Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement: An Introduction to the Second NACOLE/CJPR Special Issue
Authors: Stageman Daniel L. , Napolitano Nicole M. , Buchner Brian
Published: November 2016

In April of 2016, National Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement (NACOLE) and John Jay College partnered to sponsor the Academic Symposium “Building Public Trust: Generating Evidence to Enhance Police Accountability and Legitimacy.” This essay introduces the Criminal Justice Policy Review Special Issue featuring peer-reviewed, empirical research papers first presented at the Symposium. We provide context for the Symposium in relation to contemporary national discourse on police accountability and legitimacy. In addition, we review each of the papers presented at the Symposium, and provide in-depth reviews of each of the manuscripts included in the Special Issue.
Social Inclusion Despite Exclusionary Sex Offense Laws: How Registered Citizens Cope With Loneliness
Authors: ten Bensel Tusty , Sample Lisa L.
Published: November 2016

The use of social media has become associated with empowerment, social capital, and social inclusion for members of marginalized groups in society. Few groups in today’s social environment are as marginalized, if not more, than sex offenders. This article explores the use of social media among 112 registered sex offenders who are in the community, no longer under correctional control, and self-report no reoffending. Self-reports of desistance were triangulated through interviews with 38 spouses/relatives of registrants and arrest data. Unlike prior studies of sex offenders’ use of social media to facilitate offending, we found the use of social media helps create informal social networks, reduces loneliness, and provides a sense of empowerment among sex offenders and their family members. These are all factors important to promoting public safety and reducing sexual recidivism.
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical simulations of cycloidal propellers in hover
Authors: Yu Hu , Lang Zhang Hai , Qi Wang Geng
Published: November 2016

The cycloidal propellers for micro aerial vehicle scale cyclocopter in hovering status were studied in this paper based on the URANs solver using 2D, 2.5D, 3D half blade and 3D full blade model. The results from all numerical models were validated with the experimental results. It was found that 2.5D model cannot produce more accurate results than 2D model, hence results from 2D model were employed to discuss cycloidal rotor with infinite blade span. It was also indicated that the 3D half blade model produced the same results as 3D full blade model, but was more efficient than 3D model. The numerical simulation results of cycloidal rotor with finite (3D model) and infinite span (2D model) were compared. The results indicated that for the 2D cycloidal rotor with large blade pitching amplitude, there were leading edge and trailing edge vortices due to dynamic stall, which resulted in parallel blade vortex interactions. The parallel blade vortex interactions will also induce the fluctuation of aerodynamic forces. For the 3D blade with small aspect ratio, the flow was dominated by 3D dynamic stall and blade vortex interactions. The 3D flow due to finite blade span resulted in smooth dynamic stall and can weaken the parallel blade vortex interactions induced by dynamic stall vortices, hence no strong aerodynamic force fluctuation was observed. The perpendicular blade vortex interactions caused by blade tip vortices can induce cross flow when the azimuth angle of the rotor is between 270° and 360°, which reduces the strength of downwash in the region where the rotor azimuth angle is between 180° and 360°. This results in much smaller side force. Although sometimes the time-averaged aerodynamic forces obtained by 2D and 3D model were quite close to each other, the physics lying behind is quite different. Hence, it was not correct to use the 2D models to discuss the principles of cycloidal rotors with finite blade span.
Wrinkling analysis and control of rectangular space membrane
Authors: Liu Mingjun , Huang Jin , Wang Yali
Published: November 2016

Wrinkling, a common phenomenon found in space membrane structures, is the main factor affecting the performance, stability, and dynamic characteristics of these membrane structures. This article presents an active control method to improve the surface accuracy of membrane structures. A model of a thin rectangular membrane subjects to uniaxial uniform tensile stress is discussed. Initially, the relationship between the out-of-plane deformation of the wrinkles and the boundary conditions is built with the Föppl–Von Karman plate theory by introducing the slow varying Fourier series. Because vertical tensions perpendicular to the direction of the initial wrinkles are necessary to reduce these wrinkles, reasonable locations and magnitudes of these tensions are the key problems. The finite element method and variational principle method are used to solve this issue. Finally, a manufacturing error is added to the model as an initial defect, and the robustness of the controller is verified. Simulation results show that wrinkles are reduced quickly and effectively with the proposed method.
Regional public affairs activities in The Netherlands: How to gain ground in the national and European arena
Authors: Figee Edward L , Gosselt Jordy F , Linders Paul , De Jong Menno DT
Published: November 2016

The role of regional authorities is undeniably increasing in Europe. Due to increasing regionalism efforts within European Union (EU) member states and to the fact that EU legislation is affecting subnational authorities more and more directly, these authorities are not only striving for influence in the national arena, but in the European arena as well. The primary task of a public affairs (PA) practitioner working for a regional government in the EU is placing regional interests on national and European political agendas. However, since regional PA is a rather young discipline, opposite to PA in the private sector and in national government, much is unknown about the way regional PA practitioners are operating in the national and European political arenas, and how these arenas are receiving the subnational PA practitioners. In this study, 41 Dutch PA practitioners and PA receivers were interviewed about their opinions on and experiences with regional PA in both arenas: What are the relevant characteristics of these arenas for regional PA activities, and how are regional PA practitioners managing arena characteristics? The results show that at the national level, it is a struggle to find recognition for regional issues, due to dominant high-profiled regions, centralisation tendencies at the national level and a more general non-subnational attitude. At the European level, regional issues are more welcome, but regional PA practitioners have to overcome the dominant national interests of member states.
Effectiveness of a Group Intervention Program for Female Victims of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Santos Anita , Matos Marlene , Machado Andreia
Published: November 2016

Group intervention has been widely used with female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, efficacy studies are scarce due to several research limitations. This study evaluates the effectiveness of an 8-week group intervention program, with a cognitive-behavioral orientation and attended by 23 female victims of IPV. Self-report psychological assessment was conducted at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Results revealed that the group intervention had a positive impact on participants, showing a decrease in re-victimization and in beliefs toward legitimizing IPV. A decrease in levels of depression and a significant improvement in general clinical symptoms were also evident. Self-esteem and social support were enhanced throughout group intervention. The changes were confirmed through follow-up after 3 months, suggesting that this group intervention has important effects on female victims. The implications of the findings for practice are also discussed.
Limb Salvage After Failed Initial Operative Management of Bimalleolar Ankle Fractures in Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Vaudreuil Nicholas J. , Fourman Mitchell S. , Wukich Dane K.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Ankle fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) can be difficult to manage, especially in the presence of peripheral neuropathy. In patients who fail initial operative management, attempts at limb salvage can be challenging, and no clear treatment algorithm exists. This study examined outcomes of different procedures performed for limb salvage in this population.

Methods:

This study retrospectively reviewed 17 patients with DM complicated by peripheral neuropathy who sustained a bimalleolar ankle fracture and failed initial operative management. Patients were treated with revision open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) (3/17), closed reduction external fixation (CREF) (8/17), or primary ankle joint fusion (3/17 tibiotalocalcaneal fusion with hindfoot nail [TTCN] and 3/17 with tibiotalar arthrodesis using plates and screws [TTA]). Median follow-up was 20 months.

Results:

The overall rate of limb salvage was 82.3% (14/17). All patients who went on to amputation presented with infection and were treated initially with CREF (3/3). All patients who achieved successful limb salvage ended up with a clinically fused ankle joint (14/14); 9 underwent a primary or delayed formal fusion and 5 had a clinically fused ankle joint at study conclusion after undergoing revision ORIF or CREF with adjunctive procedures.

Conclusion:

This small study suggests that in this complicated group of patients it is difficult to achieve limb salvage with an end result of a functional ankle joint. CREF can be a viable option in cases where underlying infection or poor bone quality is present. Treatment with revision ORIF frequently requires supplementary external fixator or tibiotalar Steinman pin placement for additional stability. All patients who underwent revision ORIF ended up with clinically fused ankle joints at the end of the study period. Primary fusion procedures (TTA, TTCN) were associated with a high rate of limb salvage and a decreased number of operations.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective case series.
Challenging the “jolly fat” hypothesis among older adults: High body mass index predicts increases in depressive symptoms over a 5-year period
Authors: Dearborn Peter Joseph , Robbins Michael A , Elias Merrill F
Published: November 2016

Several investigators have observed lowered risk of depression among obese older adults, coining the “jolly fat” hypothesis. We examined this hypothesis using baseline and a 5-year follow-up body mass index, depressive symptoms, and covariates from 638 community-based older adults. High objectively measured body mass index and functional limitations predicted increased future depressive symptoms. However, symptoms did not predict future body mass index. Self-reported body mass index showed similar associations despite underestimating obesity prevalence. Results did not differ on the basis of gender. Results for this study, the first longitudinal reciprocal risk analysis between objectively measured body mass index and depressive symptoms among older adults, do not support the “jolly fat” hypothesis.
Socioeconomic status, frailty, and subjective well-being: A moderated mediation analysis in elderly Chinese
Authors: Yang Fang , Pang Joyce S
Published: November 2016

The study examined the mechanisms underlying the link between socioeconomic status and subjective well-being and explored the role of social activities using a representative sample of older adults ( N = 2773) in Shanghai, China. Results show that frailty mediated the relationship between socioeconomic status and subjective well-being, and social activities moderated the model, such that the mediation effect of frailty was significant only when social activities were lower. Moreover, the moderated mediation model was significant only for women, not for men. Findings highlight the importance of addressing frailty of older adults and promoting social activities (especially for elderly women) in future interventions.
Anthropology of security and security in anthropology: Cases of counterterrorism in the United States
Authors: Samimian-Darash Limor , Stalcup Meg
Published: November 2016

In this article we propose a mode of analysis that allows us to consider security as a form distinct from insecurity, in order to capture the heterogeneity of security objects, logics and forms of action. We first develop a genealogy for the anthropology of security, demarcating four main approaches: violence and state terror; military, militarization, and militarism; para-state securitization; and what we submit as ‘security assemblages.’ Security assemblages move away from focusing on security formations per se, and how much violence or insecurity they yield, to identifying and studying security forms of action, whether or not they are part of the nation-state. As an approach to anthropological inquiry and theory, it is oriented toward capturing how these forms of action work and what types of security they produce. We illustrate security assemblages through our fieldwork on counterterrorism in the domains of law enforcement, biomedical research and federal-state counter-extremism, in each case arriving at a diagnosis of the form of action. The set of distinctions that we propose is intended as an aid to studying empirical situations, particularly of security, and, on another level, as a proposal for an approach to anthropology today. We do not expect that the distinctions that aid us will suffice in every circumstance. Rather, we submit that this work presents a set of specific insights about contemporary US security, and an example of a new approach to anthropological problems.
Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma Prevention Initiatives: A Literature Review
Authors: Lopes Nahara Rodrigues Laterza , Williams Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
Published: November 2016

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a serious form of child maltreatment that needs to be prevented. The aim of this study was to summarize the main AHT prevention strategies described in literature, aiming to identify evidence of their efficiency, as well as strengths and limitations. International databases were reviewed from 2005 to 2015 using the key words Shaken Baby Syndrome or abusive head trauma or nonaccidental head trauma or abusive head injury or nonaccidental head injury and prevention. A total of 1,215 articles were found and 34 complete articles were selected for this study. Five initiatives with the main objective of reducing infant crying in the first months of life were found, three aimed at caregiver’s emotional regulation and 12 aimed at raising parents and caregivers awareness on AHT. Among them, parental education about infant crying and risks of shaking a baby stands out for its empirical evidence.
A Nationwide Study of the Impact of Dysphagia on Hospital Outcomes Among Patients With Dementia
Authors: Paranji Suchitra , Paranji Neethi , Wright Scott , Chandra Shalini
Published: November 2016

Objectives:

To assess the impact of dysphagia on clinical and operational outcomes in hospitalized patients with dementia.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

2012 Nationwide Inpatient Sample.

Participants:

All patients discharged with a diagnosis of dementia (N = 234,006) from US hospitals in 2012.

Measurements:

Univariate and multivariate regression models, adjusting for stroke and patient characteristics, to assess the impact of dysphagia on the prevalence of comorbidities, including pneumonia, sepsis, and malnutrition; complications, including mechanical ventilation and death; and operational outcomes, including length of stay (LOS) and total charges for patients with dementia.

Results:

Patients having dementia with dysphagia (DWD) had significantly higher odds of having percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement during the admission (odds ratio [OR]: 13.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.53-14.95, P < .001), aspiration pneumonia (OR: 6.27, 95% CI: 5.87-6.72, P < .001), pneumonia (OR: 2.84, 95% CI: 2.67-3.02, P < .001), malnutrition (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 2.27-2.75, P < .001), mechanical ventilation (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.51-1.9, P < .001), sepsis (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.39-1.67, P < .001), and anorexia (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01-1.65, P = .04). Mean LOS was 2.16 days longer (95% CI: 1.98-2.35, P < .001), mean charge per case was US$10,703 higher (95% CI: US$9396-US$12,010, P < .001), and the odds of being discharged to a skilled nursing, rehabilitation, or long-term facility was 1.59 times higher (95% CI: 1.49-1.69, P < .001) in the DWD cohort compared to patients having dementia without dysphagia.

Conclusion:

Dysphagia is a significant predictor of worse clinical and operational outcomes including a 38% longer LOS and a 30% increase in charge per case among hospitalized patients with dementia. Although these findings may not be surprising, this new evidence might bring heightened awareness for the need to more thoughtfully support patients with dementia and dysphagia who are hospitalized.
A painful neuropathy-associated Nav1.7 mutant leads to time-dependent degeneration of small-diameter axons associated with intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation and decrease in ATP levels
Authors: Rolyan Harshvardhan , Liu Shujun , Hoeijmakers Janneke GJ , Faber Catharina G , Merkies Ingemar SJ , Lauria Giuseppe , Black Joel A , Waxman Stephen G
Published: November 2016

Small fiber neuropathy is a painful sensory nervous system disorder characterized by damage to unmyelinated C- and thinly myelinated Aδ- nerve fibers, clinically manifested by burning pain in the distal extremities and dysautonomia. The clinical onset in adulthood suggests a time-dependent process. The mechanisms that underlie nerve fiber injury in small fiber neuropathy are incompletely understood, although roles for energetic stress have been suggested. In the present study, we report time-dependent degeneration of neurites from dorsal root ganglia neurons in culture expressing small fiber neuropathy-associated G856D mutant Nav1.7 channels and demonstrate a time-dependent increase in intracellular calcium levels [Ca2+]i and reactive oxygen species, together with a decrease in ATP levels. Together with a previous clinical report of burning pain in the feet and hands associated with reduced levels of Na+/K+-ATPase in humans with high altitude sickness, the present results link energetic stress and reactive oxygen species production with the development of a painful neuropathy that preferentially affects small-diameter axons.
Technical attributes of Australian youth soccer players: Implications for talent identification
Authors: Keller Brad S , Raynor Annette J , Bruce Lyndell , Iredale Fiona
Published: November 2016

Objectives

To determine whether the technical ability of Australian youth soccer players could distinguish between various playing levels.

Design

A cross-sectional observational design was used with each player required to complete four technical tests.

Methods

Sixty-two participants were representatives of three cohorts of youth soccer in Australia: national elite ( n = 18), state elite ( n = 22) and sub-elite ( n = 22). The technical tests used were Loughborough Short Passing Test (LSPT), long passing test (LPT), shooting test and speed dribbling, with all players familiarised with the tests prior to data collection. Differences between cohorts were analysed using a multiple analysis of variance test with follow-up analyses of variance and Tukey Honest Significant Difference post-hoc test, which were subsequently used to inform a sensitivity analysis, more specifically a bootstrapped receiver operating curve to determine cut-off scores for each variable.

Results

The national elite cohort scored better than state- and sub-elite cohorts on the LSPT, however, the state elite produced the fastest time before penalties. The sub-elite cohort scored less points on the LPT compared to both national- and state-elite cohorts, on both feet. In regards to speed dribbling, national-elite players were faster than both the state- and sub-elite cohorts. Shooting accuracy and velocity were able to discriminate the national- and sub-elite cohorts on the dominant foot, with shooting velocity on the nondominant foot being faster for the national elite compared to both the state- and sub-elite cohorts.

Conclusions

A number of differences in technical ability were identified between varying levels of Australian youth soccer players. Youth soccer coaches and sports scientists should use the cut-off scores for the technical tests in the talent identification and development process, with aspiring players aiming to reach these levels.
Discursive representation and violation of homeless people’s rights: Symbolic violence in Brazilian online journalism
Authors: de Melo Resende Viviane
Published: November 2016

This article is part of the research project ‘Representação midiática da violação de direitos e da violência contra pessoas em situação de rua no jornalismo on-line’, associated with Red Latinoamericana de Análisis Crítico del Discurso de la Extrema Pobreza (REDLAD), and focuses upon the ways in which electronic news media represent homeless people in Brazil. The focus is a pair of texts, related through internal hyperlinks, about the controversy concerning the installation of a social center in a middle-class neighborhood in central Sao Paulo. The texts are analyzed on the theoretical basis of critical discourse analysis (CDA) and considering the following analytical categories: metaphor, representation of social actors and intertextuality. Analyses show a scenario of ‘invasion by unwelcome people’, who are not perceived as rights holders, but as a threat to the rights of others.
Bone Health in Athletes
Authors: Goolsby Marci A. , Boniquit Nicole
Published: November 2016

Context:

The health of the skeletal system is important for athletes young and old. From the early benefits of exercise on bones to the importance of osteoporosis prevention and treatment, bone health affects the ability to be active throughout life.

Evidence Acquisition:

PubMed articles dating from 1986 to 2016 were used for the review. Relevant terms such as keywords and section titles of the article were searched and articles identified were reviewed for relevance to this article.

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Levels 1 through 4 evidence included.

Results:

There is strong evidence that exercise benefits bone health at every age and is a critical factor in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Vitamin D, calcium, and hormones play vital roles in ensuring optimal bone health. When there is an imbalance between exercise and nutrition, as seen in the female athlete triad, bone health is compromised and can lead to bone stress injuries and early osteoporosis. Both of these can lead to morbidity and lost time from training and competition. Thus, early recognition and appropriate treatment of the female athlete triad and other stress fracture risk factors are vital to preventing long-term bone health problems.

Conclusion:

To optimize bone health, adequate nutrition, appropriate weightbearing exercise, strength training, and adequate calcium and vitamin D are necessary throughout life.
Children’s pedagogic rights in the web 2.0 era: A case study of a child’s open access interactive travel blog
Authors: Exley Beryl , Willis Linda-Dianne
Published: November 2016

This article examines the web 2.0 blogging experiences of one 8-year-old travel blogger. The research question is centred on ‘What does the interactive function of a web 2.0 blogging experience make available in terms of a child’s pedagogic rights?’ This instrumental case study is made up of 56 written and photographic travel blog posts covering some 11,411 words and 150 photos over 170 days, as well as the 187 replies from external blog participants. Background information about the child, his family and the context of the blogging project is provided via an informal interview with him and his mother. An analytical framework capable of rendering visible what the travel blog project made available in terms of the three pedagogic rights of individual enhancement, the right of social inclusion and the right to political participation is developed and activated. Two core findings emerge. First, in this blogging experience, the pedagogic rights of individual enhancement (80% of posts) and social inclusion (96% of posts) dominated the right to political participation (39% of posts). Second, despite claims that the interactive function of web 2.0 has the potential to boost individualism of meaning-making and action, in this case, the blogging experience did not always manifest itself to capitalise on the transformative potential of this experience for this young child travel blogger.
Global Kids Online: Researching children’s rights globally in the digital age
Authors: Stoilova Mariya , Livingstone Sonia , Kardefelt-Winther Daniel
Published: November 2016

Drawing on an ongoing international research project, Global Kids Online, this article examines the theoretical and methodological challenges of conducting global research on children’s rights in the digital age at a time of intense socio-technological change and contested policy development. Arguing in favour of critically rethinking existing research frameworks and measures for new circumstances, we report on the experience of designing a research toolkit and piloting this in four countries on four continents. We aim to generate national and cross-national insights that can benefit future researchers and research users concerned to build a robust evidence base to understand children’s rights in the digital age. It is hoped that such experiences will prompt wider lessons for the unfolding research and policy agenda.
Use of dermal regeneration templates in a low resource environment
Authors: Potokar Tom , Anderson Pippa
Published: November 2016

Modern burn care in a sophisticated well-resourced centre in a rich country utilises an increasing number of expensive adjuncts to optimise outcomes such as dermal templates, cultured keratinocytes, biological and silver impregnated dressings. Translating the use of these into a low resource environment is not a simple matter of providing the materials free of charge and there needs to be careful consideration of both the positive and negative consequences and the impact on both an individual and a population level.
Employee Primacy and Corporate Slogans in Japanese and American Firms’ Communication in Times of Crisis
Authors: Lehmberg Derek , Tangpong Chanchai
Published: November 2016

Given the frequency and severity of crises faced by organizations, the question of how managers can best lead their organizations through times of crisis is important. Communication plays a particularly critical role in such situations. We perform a multistage content analysis study using letters to shareholders appearing in publicly traded Japanese and U.S. firms during the economic downturn following Lehman Brothers bankruptcy in 2008. In our initial exploratory study, we identify employee primacy and the existence of corporate slogans as relevant constructs. We then develop hypotheses and test them in a larger sample confirmatory study. We find that firms concurrently exhibiting both employee primacy and corporate slogans in their communication outperformed their peers. To aid in interpreting our results, we also provided three examples of qualitative descriptions of such firms. Our Japanese and U.S. sample increases the generalizability of our results.
Reverse time migration of multiples based on different-order multiple separation
Authors: Li Zhina , Li Zhenchun , Wang Peng , Zhang Mingqiang
Published: November 2016

Multiples are traditionally treated as undesired noise, but they are also real reflections from the subsurface as primaries. Smaller reflection angles and longer travel paths usually make them provide more structural information and more balanced illumination than primaries. Instead of multiple elimination in conventional seismic data processing, the migration of multiples has drawn great attention in recent years. The most commonly used method is performed by replacing the source wavelet with the observed data and using separated multiples as the receiver wavefield to apply traditional migration algorithms. However, crosstalk artifacts caused by crosscorrelation of unrelated events severely degrade the image quality of multiples. We have analyzed the cause of artifacts followed by a novel proposal of migrating the multiples by separating surface-related multiples into different orders. First, we combine surface-related multiple elimination and the focal transform to do the separation of multiples in order. Then, crosstalk can be well-eliminated by migrating different-order multiples separately and stacking the separated images together. Taking advantage of reverse time migration, imaging of multiples can be greatly improved. Theoretical analysis shows that crosstalk artifacts can be well-eliminated by our method. Numerical and field data examples determined that our method can provide a greater amount of correct information for subsurface structures.