bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitos del amor romántico en adolescentes: relación con el sexismo y variables procedentes de la socialización
Authors: Bonilla-Algovia Enrique , Rivas-Rivero Esther , Pascual Gómez Isabel
Published: May 2021

Los mitos del amor romántico pueden actuar como un guion con el que orientar los pensamientos, los sentimientos y los comportamientos en las relaciones de pareja. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la aceptación de los mitos románticos y su relación con el sexismo y otras variables procedentes de la socialización en la población adolescente de Castilla-La Mancha. La investigación cuenta con una muestra representativa de 1840 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, con una edad media de 14.67 años (DT = .89). Las personas participantes completaron la Escala de Mitos hacia el Amor (Rodríguez-Castro et al., 2013) y la Escala de Detección de Sexismo en Adolescentes (Recio et al., 2007). Los resultados muestran que el 54.7% y el 36.6% están de acuerdo con el mito de la pasión eterna y con el mito de la media naranja, respectivamente. La comparación de medias reporta diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la interiorización del amor romántico según el sexo, la tenencia de pareja, el curso educativo, la religiosidad y el consumo de pornografía. Por último, los análisis de predicción indican que los mitos de la dimensión Vinculación amor-maltrato pueden explicarse a partir del sexismo hostil y los mitos de la dimensión Idealización del amor, a partir del sexo, la religiosidad, la tenencia de pareja y el sexismo benévolo. Estos resultados pueden servir a la comunidad educativa para conocer el alcance de la ideología del amor romántico en la población adolescente y poner en marcha acciones preventivas que aborden las relaciones afectivas y fomenten la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres.
Comunidades profesionales de aprendizaje en escuelas públicas mexicanas: Explorando su desarrollo
Authors: Flores-Fahara Manuel , Bailey-Moreno Josefina , Mortera-Cavazos Lucía Elmira
Published: May 2021

Este estudio buscó responder ¿Qué acontece cuando profesores y directivos se involucran en una comunidad de aprendizaje profesional para efectuar su planeación escolar?  Bajo un enfoque de casos múltiples cualitativo, participaron directivos y profesores de cinco escuelas públicas de educación básica, en los estados de Nuevo León, Chihuahua y Sonora en México. La investigación inició con un seminario como detonador que permitió establecer la misión y visión de cada escuela, y acorde con estas y sus necesidades crear las temáticas de las comunidades y concretar sus acciones de planeación. Se efectuaron observaciones participantes in situ de cada comunidad, entrevistas a profesores y directivos y revisión documental.  Los hallazgos se organizaron en las fases de inicio, desarrollo y terminación del proceso de implementación de la comunidad, dentro de las cuales se identificaron las categorías: proceso de comprensión de la comunidad de aprendizaje, organización, trabajo colaborativo, facilitadores y barreras, así como los beneficios percibidos. Se encontraron en general algunas semejanzas y diferencias en las cinco escuelas, entre las primeras destacaron las resistencias y desconcierto inicial de los profesores para trabajar en una comunidad, la sobrecarga de trabajo, el desconocimiento de metas en algunas de las escuelas, así como la falta de tiempo para participar. Sin embargo, reconocieron haber tenido un espacio y oportunidad de interacción y comunicación para el trabajo colaborativo, y la importancia de la comunidad para aprender y compartir, mientras que las directoras destacaron su utilidad como un medio que puede apoyar su gestión. Cada escuela como caso particular presentó características distintivas, dado que mientras una de las escuelas fue exitosa en su organización y concreción de acciones en sus comunidades, otras tuvieron dificultades para obtener resultados debido a carecer de un ambiente de trabajo óptimo y liderazgo de la dirección.
Mediación parental y escolar: uso de tecnologías para potenciar el rendimiento escolar
Authors: Halpern Daniel , Piña Martina , Ortega-Gunckel Constanza
Published: May 2021

Con la asimilación masiva de las nuevas plataformas digitales en el mundoeducacional, en que diversos usuarios pueden generar contenido de formasimultánea, colaborar integrando distintas fuentes y consumir esta informaciónsegún sus propias preferencias y necesidades, el saber cómo controlar y escogerlos canales indicados para sus procesos de aprendizaje se ha vuelto cada vez más relevante. En este contexto, y haciendo caso al llamado de diversos expertos en el área educacional a enseñar sobre el uso de las tecnologías en el hogar y la escuela, esta investigación presenta tres grandes objetivos: 1) identifica el impacto de la mediación parental y escolar en el rendimiento académico, 2) observa la relación entre las herramientas de estudio y el rendimiento escolar, y 3) explica los motivos que hay tras los resultados obtenidos. Para ello se desarrolló una investigación mixta, aplicando un cuestionario a más de 7000 estudiantes chilenos de 12 a 18 años y entrevistas a 14 especialistas en el área de educación. El estudio arrojó tres grandes resultados: en primer lugar, mostró que la mediación que realizan los padres en el hogar tiene un impacto mucho mayor –en el uso de tecnologías y en el rendimiento académico– que la mediación realizada en los colegios.En segundo lugar, se observó que los estudiantes que utilizan YouTube comoherramienta de estudio tienen un rendimiento menor que los estudiantes queutilizan el cuaderno. Y, en tercer lugar, se identificaron dificultades y desafíos enla implementación de TIC en clases. Así, este trabajo adquiere especial relevancia al aportar sobre cómo se puede influir en las prácticas del uso de TIC de un sistema educativo que ha tenido que adaptarse a la modalidad online.
Computational Fluid Dynamics for Downwind Sails
Authors: Richter Horst J. , Horrigan Kevin C. , Braun J. B.
Published: May 2021

In recent years computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has demonstrated the ability to predict sail and appendage forces under upwind conditions or at angles of attack conducive to attached flow. Few sail or yacht designers would be without this tool, at least to check or confirm performance estimates made with other methods. More advanced codes (RANS) solve the full Navier-Stokes equations, thus including viscous effects and placing relatively less importance to fully attached flow. Due to the large proportion of downwind sailing, where the sails might operate in separated airflow, it is useful to evaluate the performance of sails as used off wind despite the added uncertainty resulting from the elasticity of the light material that must be used to allow the sails to fill properly at the low relative wind speeds. While downwind sail forces have been often tested in wind tunnels, CFD codes are now sufficiently advanced to predict such forces with confidence similar to that achieved in prediction of upwind forces. This paper presents a new method of linking a CFD code with a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) computer program, for evaluating the sail shapes and proper trim for known sail materials and fiber orientation. A VPP (Velocity Prediction Program) is used to predict leeway, heel, and boat speed for a given true wind angle and wind speed. Then the CFD code computes the airflow around the sails for the given onset flow conditions and provides the pressure distribution on the sails as needed for the FEA program. This is done in full scale considering the boundary layer above the water. This process of updating the pressure for the FEA program from the CFD code is repeated several times until optimal trim and sail shapes can be obtained for best sailing performance, e.g., the maximum driving force. Thus, this method can be considered a "Virtual Wind Tunnel" (VWT).
Analysis of Hull Shape Effects on Hydrodynamic Drag in Offshore Handicap Racing Rules
Authors: Teeters Jim , Pallard Rob , Muselet Caroline
Published: May 2021

US Sailing and the Institute for Marine Dynamics (IMD) in St. John’s, Newfoundland, are collaborating in a joint research program to investigate the effects of hull shape variations on hydrodynamic drag. The results of this program are being used to support the development of rules that handicap racing yachts. A fleet of 9 models has been designed with systematic variations in the most fundamental parameters: displacement and beam for fixed length. Six of those models have been tested both appended and bare-hull, in calm water and head seas. Analysis of residuary resistance, both upright and heeled, has been used to improve the Velocity Prediction Programs (VPPs) employed by both the International Measurement System (IMS) and AMERICAP rules.
On the Use of CFD to Assist with Sail Design
Authors: Schneider Andrea , Arnone Andrea , Savelli Marco , Ballico Andrea , Scutellaro Paolo
Published: May 2021

In the last twenty years the theoretical approach to aerodynamic design by means of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) has evolved substantially. The recent improvements in computer performance have made the use of Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) feasible for practical design applications, thereby opening new frontiers in aerodynamic design. RANS codes have broadened the availability of design tools and expanded the design criteria. The latest generation of racing yachts has greatly benefited from the use of these new tools in the design of hulls, appendages and sails. The proposed contribution is focused on the use of RANS in assisting the sail designer. A fully viscous incompressible research code originally developed for aerospace applications has been extended for use in sail plan analysis, thereby allowing the designer to test and compare a large number of sail modifications in a relatively short amount of time. A parametric approach to sail design in upwind conditions will be presented for an America's Cup Yacht. The benefits, weaknesses, and potential of 3D RANS solutions will be discussed in detail.
Numerical Simulation using RANS-based Tools for America’s Cup Design
Authors: Cowles Geoff , Parolini Nicola , Sawley Mark L.
Published: May 2021

The application of Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier- Stokes (RANS) equations to the design of sailing yachts is becoming more commonplace, particularly for the America's Cup. Drawing on the experience of the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne as Official Scientific Advisor to the Alinghi Challenge for the America’s Cup 2003, the role of RANS-based codes in the yacht design process is discussed. The strategy for simulating the hydrodynamic flow around the boat appendages is presented. Two different numerical methods for the simulation of wave generation on the water surface are compared. In addition, the aerodynamic flow around different sail configurations is investigated. The benefits to the design process as well as its limitations are discussed. Practical matters, such as manpower and computational requirements, are also considered.
Experimental Force Coefficients for a Parametric Series of Spinnakers
Authors: Lasher William C. , Sonnenmeier James R. , Forsman David R. , Zhang Cheng , White Kenton
Published: May 2021

A parametric series of eight spinnaker models was built and tested in a wind tunnel according to the theory of statistical Design of Experiments. In these models, three sail shape parameters were varied - cross section camber ratio, sail aspect ratio, and sweep. Lift and drag forces were measured for a range of angles of attack, and the thrust force coefficient was determined as a function of apparent wind angle for each of the eight sails. It was found that flat spinnakers are faster than full spinnakers and that spinnakers with low sweep (more vertical) are faster than spinnakers with high sweep. This is consistent with general sailing practice, which maximizes projected sail area by pulling the pole back and down. The influence of aspect ratio on drag coefficient was small and within experimental error. A description of the sail shapes and corresponding force coefficients is presented for future validation of Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations.
A Flexible Riser Digital Twin for Real-Time Monitoring and Asset Management
Authors: Rombado Gabriel , Wadhwa Hema , Cooke Nathan , Pasala Dharma , Paulin Mike , Rao Pushkar , Majed Arya
Published: May 2021

A real-time understanding of the structural integrity of flexible risers is critical to avoiding failures as well as unnecessary and costly replacements. Accurate and efficient computation of tensile armor wire stress time-histories is the key to enabling the implementation of a flexible riser digital twin. Accuracy requires capturing the nonlinear kinematics of the flexible’s helically contra-wound tensile armor layers and their interaction with the other metallic and thermo-plastic layers in a dynamic simulation. While it is generally accepted that high-fidelity 3D finite element models best capture the complex kinematics required to produce accurate stresses, the main issue is that simulation time remains prohibitive, for example, a single bending cycle on modern day multi-core computers typically requires 24-48 hours. Therefore, any successful implementation of a flexible riser digital twin requires an accelerated solver capable of real-time computation of 1000s of bending cycle inputs into the high-fidelity finite element model. This paper demonstrates a flexible riser digital twin applications centered around the accelerated solver FLEXAS.
Mitigation of Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Considerations for the Marine and Offshore Industries
Authors: Petricic Martin , Burton Gareth , Miao Libin
Published: May 2021

Similar to land-based facilities, marine and offshore assets can be exposed to outbreaks of infectious diseases. This is exemplified by the recent COVID-19 outbreak which has had a significant impact on both personnel health and normal operations of the assets. The occurrence and transmission of infectious diseases on marine and offshore assets can, however, be mitigated by appropriate physical arrangements on board and having operational procedures in place. This paper addresses the former. The effectiveness of operational measures can be significantly increased if infectious diseases are considered at the asset’s design stage. ABS has identified a lack of available technical guidance regarding physical arrangements that can help make marine and offshore assets safer for crews and reduce the spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. This paper presents the best practices and recommendations for physical arrangements drawn mainly from the recognized standards for land-based medical facilities and applied to marine and offshore assets. The recommendations focus on specific spaces inside the accommodation block, their number, location, layout, ventilation, and interior surfaces. Isolation cabins with their associated anterooms are proposed as the most reliable way of isolating suspected or confirmed cases of an infectious disease from the rest of the personnel on board. Negative pressure, independent exhaust system, and easy to clean surfaces that are accessible and resistant to deterioration from frequent cleaning and disinfection are effective measures in containing the transmission of infectious diseases that are spread through the air or direct and indirect contact. The paper also emphasizes the need to promote segregation of the visitors from crew and passengers by providing designated spaces for the visitors and gives recommendations on the communication equipment needed for receiving medical advice from land-based medical specialists. If properly implemented and if augmented with robust operational measures, physical arrangement measures have the potential to significantly improve the safety of the crew, passengers, and visitors, as well as minimize the negative consequences of disruptions to normal asset operations.
An Open-Source Framework for Ship Performance CFD
Authors: Winden Bjorn
Published: May 2021

Development of novel hydrodynamic solutions to meet the demands for fuel efficiency of the future merchant fleet will require continuous innovation in the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods being used. This is especially true when considering the development of Energy Saving Devices (ESDs). Open-source CFD is a way to allow more researchers to participate in this process and to accelerate innovation. This paper presents an open-source framework for conducting ship performance analyses within the OpenFOAM CFD suite. The framework helps to alleviate the steep learning curve for initially setting up a successful model of a self-propelled ship in OpenFOAM. It is demonstrated that, using this framework, results in line with the current state of the art set by leading institutions and commercial solvers can be obtained for the performance of a bulk carrier fitted with an ESD. Two different models for describing the action of the propeller on the fluid are explored and conclusions are drawn from comparisons with available experimental data.
Forside
Authors: Baunvig Katrine Frøkjær
Published: May 2021

Forside og kolofon til RvT 72
Geochemical Characterization Of Pottery Shards Unearthed From Kampung Baru Archaeological Site, Kedah, Malaysia
Authors:   Laboratory of Archaeology and Archaeometry, Institute of the Malay World and Civilisation (ATMA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia, Ramli Zuliskandar , Mohd Nasir Muhammad Nu’man , Mohd Ali Muhamad Shafiq
Published: May 2021

Candi Kampung Baru is situated in the Kampung Baru Archaeological Site, and it is one of the temple sites that used bricks as the main construction material. Based on the Global Positioning System, Candi Kampung Baru is located at N 05.58215°, E 100. 38004°. Apart from bricks, granite stones were also used as the pillar base of the construction’s structure. This study is an analytical approach on the pottery properties of clays discovered at the Kampung Baru Archaeological Site. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and physical analysis have been performed on these potsherds. 15 pottery shard samples were analysed to determine the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the pottery shards. The results indicate a local provenance of these samples. The mineral content in the pottery samples also indicate the presence of minerals, such as quartz, illite, datolite and microcline. Furthermore, the physical analysis conducted uncovered a variety of motifs that adorned the earthenware, such as lines, nets, square and floral motifs. The mineral content and physical observation of the pottery shards indicate that the open burning technique was used to produce these pottery shards due to the presence of illite mineral in the pottery shards. The mineral content (namely illite) also shows that the samples were baked at a temperature between 650°C and 750°C. The content of the major and trace elements also proves that these potteries were produced from the same source and it is proposed that local raw materials were used in the production of the potteries, from which the nearest source that could be detected is at the Muda River basin. Moreover, the involvement of the local community in producing the potteries should not be refuted, as this proves that the knowledge of producing pottery by the local community had already started since the evolution of the Neolithic culture at the Muda River basin since 4000 to 5000 years ago.
Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling Exercise on Lower Limb Strength Asymmetry in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Farrell John W. , Edwards Thomas , Motl Robert W. , Pilutti Lara A.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Lower limb strength asymmetry (ie, significant difference between contralateral limbs) has been associated with mobility impairment in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, whether an adaptive exercise modality can be used to modify lower limb strength and potentially improve mobility is unclear. The effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling on lower limb strength asymmetry in persons with MS with mobility impairment was assessed, and the association between change in lower limb strength asymmetries and changes in functional and self-reported mobility outcomes was explored.

Methods:

Eight adults with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale scores, 5.5–6.5) were included. Outcomes included knee extensor and knee flexor strength asymmetry, Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW) test, 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12). Participants received 24 weeks (3 times per week) of FES cycling or passive leg cycling.

Results:

The FES condition demonstrated a small decrease in knee extensor (d = −0.33) and knee flexor (d = −0.23) strength asymmetry compared with passive leg cycling. With both groups combined, weak-to-strong associations were observed between change in knee extensor asymmetry and change in T25FW test time (rs = −0.43), 2MWT time (rs = −0.24), TUG test time (rs = 0.55), and MSWS-12 score (rs = 0.43). Moderate correlations were observed between change in knee flexor asymmetry and change in T25FW test time (rs = −0.31), TUG test time (rs = 0.33), and MSWS-12 score (rs = 0.35).

Conclusions:

FES cycling may be an efficacious exercise modality for reducing lower limb strength asymmetry and improving mobility in persons with MS.
Using a genetic algorithm to find molecules with good docking scores
Authors: Steinmann Casper , Jensen Jan H.
Published: May 2021

A graph-based genetic algorithm (GA) is used to identify molecules (ligands) with high absolute docking scores as estimated by the Glide software package, starting from randomly chosen molecules from the ZINC database, for four different targets:Bacillus subtilischorismate mutase (CM), humanβ2-adrenergic G protein-coupled receptor (β2AR), the DDR1 kinase domain (DDR1), andβ-cyclodextrin (BCD). By the combined use of functional group filters and a score modifier based on a heuristic synthetic accessibility (SA) score our approach identifies between ca 500 and 6,000 structurally diverse molecules with scores better than known binders by screening a total of 400,000 molecules starting from 8,000 randomly selected molecules from the ZINC database. Screening 250,000 molecules from the ZINC database identifies significantly more molecules with better docking scores than known binders, with the exception of CM, where the conventional screening approach only identifies 60 compounds compared to 511 with GA+Filter+SA. In the case ofβ2AR and DDR1, the GA+Filter+SA approach finds significantly more molecules with docking scores lower than −9.0 and −10.0. The GA+Filters+SA docking methodology is thus effective in generating a large and diverse set of synthetically accessible molecules with very good docking scores for a particular target. An early incarnation of the GA+Filter+SA approach was used to identify potential binders to the COVID-19 main protease and submitted to the early stages of the COVID Moonshot project, a crowd-sourced initiative to accelerate the development of a COVID antiviral.
Analysis of damping ratio on the optimization of geometrically nonlinear truss structures subjected to dynamic loading
Authors:   Federal University of Espirito Santo (Brazil), Alves Élcio Cassimiro , Bastos Martinelli Larissa ,   Federal University of Espirito Santo (Brazil)
Published: May 2021

The objective of this paper is to present the formulation for optimizing truss structures with geometric nonlinearity under dynamic loads, provide pertinent case studies and investigate the influence of damping on the final result. The type of optimization studied herein aims to determine the cross-sectional areas that will minimize the weight of a given structural system, by imposing constraints on nodal displacements and axial stresses. The analyses are carried out using Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP), available in MATLAB’s Optimization Toolbox™. The nonlinear finite space truss element is defined with an updated Lagrangian formulation, and the geometrically nonlinear dynamic analysis performed herein combines the Newmark method with Newton-Raphson iterations. The dynamic analysis approach was validated by comparing the results obtained with solutions available in the literature as well as with numerical models developed with ANSYS® 18.2. A number of optimization examples of planar and space trusses under dynamic loading with geometric nonlinearity are presented. Results indicate that the consideration of damping effects may lead to a significant reduction in structural weight and that such weight reduction is proportional to increases in damping ratio.
Concrete wave barriers to mitigate ground vibrations induced by railway traffic: a three-dimensional numerical study
Authors:   University of A Coruña (Spain), Fernández Ruiz Jesús , Medina Rodríguez Luis
Published: May 2021

Continuous wave barriers are mitigation measures to reduce vibrations induced by railway traffic which have been well studied in technical literature. Nevertheless, there are not many studies about discontinuous concrete wave barriers. By this reason, in this paper continuous and discontinuous concrete wave barriers are studied and compared. With this objective, two theoretical cases with discontinuous barriers have been analysed and the results have been compared with those from both continuous barriers and without barriers cases. The study has been carried out with a dynamic numerical 3D FEM model formulated in the space/time domain, which has previously been validated by authors on the Lisbon-Oporto (Portugal) railway line. The numerical results show the discontinuous barriers with a small separation between axles (less than twice the thickness of the continuous barrier) are an efficient measure in the reduction of vibrations, reaching values of insertion loss of up to 13 dB. So, these could be a very interesting alternative to continuous barriers, in order to conjugate a somewhat lower level of reduction of vibration at a considerable lower cost.
Influence of Stress and Anxiety on Sports Injuries in Athletes
Authors: Pal Sajjan , kalra Sheetal , Awasthi Supriya
Published: May 2021

An athlete does not only require to be fit physically but also requires to be fit psychologically for their successful performance in sports activities. Hence, it is essential to understand the psychological risk factors which contribute to sport injuries in athletes. For this review, literature search in the international databases of PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar was done by using following keywords: ‘sports injury’, ‘stress’, ‘anxiety’, ‘athletic injury’, ‘psychology’, ‘predictors’ and ‘athletes’. The studies published from 1992 to March 2020 and in the English language were included in this review. Of 120 articles obtained by the end of this search process, 18 full text articles were finally selected. Most of the study designs were cross-sectional studies or surveys, cohort studies and descriptive studies. The results indicated that stress and anxiety are two notable psychological variables which are associated with predicting injury in different sports and found to be significant with the incidence of sports injuries among athletes of different sports. It was found that stress and anxiety can influence the risk of injuries, injury frequency, and injury severity in athletes.
Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Strategies in Post COVID-19 Infection: A Narrative Review
Authors: Alagingi Nityal Kumar
Published: May 2021

In 2019, COVID-19 a disease associated with Novel Corona-virus was initially reported from Wuhan, China. Since then, infection rates have gone out of control. World Health Organisation (WHO) has declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, many government and nonprofit organisations are working to control this situation, norms like lockdown, social distancing, and restricting gatherings have been implemented to control the spread of the virus. Despite following these policies, the infection rate is high and people with COVID-19 infection are experiencing a lot of complications. Cardiac and pulmonary complications like shortness of breath, Oxygen saturation etc., were documented, but recent reports mentioned musculoskeletal symptoms like Myalgia, Arthralgia, and Fatigue are also prevalent in people with post-COVID-19 infection. Due to the reoccurrence of symptoms and vulnerability of people, post-Covid-19 has made healthcare workers and hospitals to adopt alternative strategies in treating people. Of those strategies telerehabilitation, patient education, self-management, and pain management are the most used rehabilitation options in treating post-COVID-19 infection. In this literature review, the strategies for treating people with post-COVID-19 infection are summarised.
Incidence of Catheter Related Thrombosis in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Unit and their Outcome: An Observational Study
Authors: Shekhawat Kamlesh Kanwar , Parasher Vivek
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Central Venous Catheter (CVC) insertion is a commonly performed procedure in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to facilitate administration of intravenous fluids and drugs, Central Venous Pressure (CVP) measurement, and Haemodialysis (HD). It is associated with various complications including thrombus formation. Aim:To determine the incidence of thrombus, its extent, associated risk factors and outcomes, in the triple lumen HD catheter inserted in Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients admitted in the ICU. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study including a total of 100 patients (63 males and 37 females) of CKD, who required HD in the ICU at Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Girwa, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. The study was done from March 2017 to Mrach 2018. After admission in ICU, Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) was performed and Electrocardiography (ECG), Noninvasive Blood Pressure (NIBP), Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) monitoring was done. A triple lumen HD catheter was inserted in the IJV under all aseptic precautions. After two weeks of insertion, a colour doppler Ultrasonography (USG) neck was performed to see the presence, size and extent of thrombus in the CVC. All the pre and postprocedural demographic and clinical data of relevant investigations, past history, risk factors and complications were compiled together and compared in Microsoft excel sheet and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)softwares for relevant results. Results: The study found that 30% were having thrombus after two weeks of HD catheter in the IJV and most commonly detected in the diabetic patients with CKD 10 (33.33%), followed by hypertension two (6.66%), cerebro-vascular accidents one(3.33%), chronic liver diseases one (3.33%) and no thrombus was detected in patients suffering from ischemic heart diseases. The most common risk factor for thrombus formation was chronic smoking 12(40%), followed by bedridden patients two(6.66%), and chronic alcoholic patients 2(6.66%). Conclusion: This study found that early catheter-related thrombus was common in male patients with diagnosed diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking is the most common associated risk factor.
Splenic Hydatid Cyst- A Case Report
Authors: Kumar Leena , Balaganesan Harshavardhan , Ballari Sanjay , Varwatte Pooja , Jain Meenal
Published: May 2021

Although involvement of spleen is rare in cases of hydatid disease, it should always be considered as a differential diagnosis for a cystic lesion in any of the solid organs, abdomen, lung or brain. The current case report is of a 60-year-old female patient who presented to Emergency Department with complaints of left upper quadrant pain which was continuous and dull aching. Ultrasound abdomen revealed a well-defined multicystic lesion with septations in spleen. Computed tomographic examination and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the same and the lesion showed the characteristic T2 hypointense rim, consistent with hydatid disease. Splenectomy was performed for the patient and proved to be splenic hydatid cyst.
Exploratory Study: A Blind Integrated School-Based Prevention Program on Eating Disorders and Obesity
Authors: Monthuy-Blanc Johana , Lemieux Vincent , Thériault Joanie , Rousseau Michel
Published: May 2021

Disturbances in physical self-perceptions (PSP) can lead to inappropriate attitudes and eating behaviours (IAEB) including eating disorders (ED) and obesity. This exploratory study assesses the effects of a blind integrated prevention program—the SILENCE Program—with high school students. No significant effect of the SILENCE Program on the IAEB of the 61 adolescents was observed between pre- and post-test, but a positive evolution of specific PSP components (global self-esteem, perceived physical appearance, etc.) during 14 consecutive weeks was demonstrated compared to an ED-only program and the control condition. Promising avenues for integrated prevention programs (like SILENCE Program) are discussed.
Plant Leaf Disease Detection by Using Different Classification Techniques: Comparative
Authors: Hassan Rondik J. , Abdulazeez Adnan Mohsin
Published: May 2021

One of the main factors that assist to increase the growth of any country is Agriculture. The detection of diseases from plant leaf images is one of the most important fields of agricultural research. To identify disease factors, this field requires a reliable prediction approach. Data Mining (DM) is the process of analyzing data from different aspects and summarizing it into valuable information. It helps users to categorize and identify relationships between data from various dimensions. As there are many plants on the farm, detecting and classifying the diseases of each plant on the farm is extremely difficult for the human eye. And diagnosing each plant is very critical since these diseases may spread. DM classification is an important method that has a wide range of applications. It classifies each item in a set of data into one of a set of predefined classes. In this paper, a comparison of different DM classification methods such as Naive Bayes, Decision trees, SVM, and Random Forest algorithms has been illustrated by using of Weka Tool.
Bacterial Contaminants on Exposed Surfaces and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns at the Benjamin Mkapa Hospital, Dodoma-Tanzania
Authors: Chandika Alphonce B. , Mkala Reuben S. , Lugoba Bushi , Kipilipili Benjamin C. , Saitot Witness , Kamkunguru Charles E. , Susu Susu J. , Mkhoi Mkhoi L. , Lindi John B. , Matemba Lucas E.
Published: May 2021

Background: Hospital acquired infection pose a great challenge in provision of healthcare services to many settings  particulary in developing countries where there is limited availability of resources. The roles played by exposed surfaces in spreading of potential bacterial pathogens within the hospital environment have certainly contributed to the increased burden of bacterial infectious diseases such as morbidness, death as well as cost imolecation in healthcare. Our study aimed to determine common bacteria isolated on exposed surfaces and the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns.

Methods: A sum of 516 specimens gathered and enrolled for study at Benjamin Mkapa Hopsital (BMH).  The swab specimens were continuously gathered (collected) from different exposed objects in hospital environmental surfaces. All microbiological procedures or tests were performed using appropriate standard operating procedure. The obtained data were analysed using SPSS version 16.0.

Results: Among 516 samples, 317 (61.4%) were positive with variety of bacterial isolates from different sites. Out of 317 positive cultures, 120 (37.9%) Staphylococcus aureus, 97 (30.6%) E. coli, 28 (8.8%) Enterobacter aerogenes, 25 (7.9%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 23 (7.3%) other Citrobacter species, 20 (6.3%) Citrobacter freundii, 3 (0.9%) Morganella morganii and 1 (0.3%) Serratia mercesens were isolated from different source of exposed surfaces at BMH. Serratia mercesens were highly (100%) resistant to most of the antimicrobial agents including erythromycin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, penicillin,ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, ampicillin, azithromycin and cotrimoxazoleTrimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

Conclusion: High levels of potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated in swab specimens from a wide range of exposed surfaces at BMH. Variable pattern of antiobiotic resistance were observed among bacterial isolates with alarming levels demonstrated by isolates of Serratia mercesens which is amongst the common causes of surgical site infections. This findings call for improved actions for infection prevention and control measures at BMH.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization, Computational Study and In-vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Few Novel Pyrazol-3-one Derivatives
Authors: Unnisa Aziz , Anupama B. , Banu Humera , Fatima Syeda B. , Lakshmi K. N. V. Chenchu , Unissa Rahamat
Published: May 2021

Aim: To design, synthesize and perform computational study on a few Novel pyrazol-3-one derivatives.

Study design:  Experimental study.

Methodology: A series of 6-aryl substituted pyrimidine azodyes were synthesized by coupling phenyl pyrimidine 2-amine with different aromatic amines. The synthetic compounds were screened for their in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The Computational study of designed compounds was done by OCHEM, Molinspiration cheminformatics, Datawarrior, and Swiss ADME. DPPH assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity and heat hemolysis method for anti-inflammatory activity.

Results: Molinspiration, Data Warrior, Ochem which are helpful to predict molecule general properties, bioactive scores, toxicity, and drug-likeness. Data Warrior results inferred that the compounds possess moderately active towards mutagenic (compound 2, 11), reproductive (compound 6, 7, 8), and highly active towards Tumorogenic (compound 2) toxicities. OCHEM results showed that most of the synthesized compounds were found to be non-inhibitors of all the subtypes of cytochrome P450 except compound 8. All compounds under this study were effective scavengers of free radicals except the compounds 1, 2, 6, 10. Invitro Anti-inflammatory studies have shown that the compounds (6, 7, 8, 9, 13) active toward heat hemolysis.

Conclusion: The synthesized compounds were comprehensively studied and targets were identified rendering them as lead molecules for further development of newer agents with greater efficacy and safety.
Differential effect of sulphur deficiency on the composition of the aminoacyl‐tRNA and free amino acid pools of the developing pea seed
Authors: Macnicol P.K.
Published: July 2002

Both aminoacyl‐tRNA and free amino acids were extracted from cotyledons of Pisum sativum L., cv. Greenfeast grown under either sulphur‐deficient or control conditions, at a stage of active synthesis and accumulation of storage proteins. Sulphur deficiency severely perturbed the composition of the free amino acid pool, causing a marked decrease in the relative level of cysteine but no change in methionine, as well as large increases in arginine, asparagine and other amino acids. On the other hand, the proportions of both sulphur and non‐sulphur amino acids in the aminoacyl‐tRNA pool were unaltered. This lack of a specific effect of the deficiency on the sulphur amino acids of the aminoacyl pool makes it unlikely that the altered pattern of storage protein synthesis and accumulation is due to unavailability of these amino acids.
Inhibition of epinephrine and gonadotropic hormone induced ornithine decarboxylase activity by phenoxybenzamine in the testis of immature rat
Authors: Madhubala R. , Reddy P.R.K.
Published: July 2002

The effect of α and β adrenergic receptor blockers on epinephrine and gonadotropic hormone induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in the testis of immature rats was studied. Intratesticular injection with phenoxybenzamine at 15 min before treatment with epinephrine or gonadotropic hormones blocked ODC activity. Similar injection with propranolol or practolol had no effect on ODC activity. These results show that α adrenergic receptors are involved in the action of epinephrine and gonadotropic hormones in the testis.
Redistribution of membrane 5′‐nucleotidase in rabbit peritoneal polymorphonuclear leucocytes during phagocytosis
Authors: Stewart D.I.H. , Crawford N.
Published: July 2002

Using a quantitative phagocytic model involving oil droplet internalisation rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes display selective segregation of membrane constituents during the phagocytic event. A resting cell surface membrane and fractions representing vesicle membranes and uninvolved surface membranes from the active cells have been purified by density gradient sedimentation and free flow electrophoresis. The specific activity of 5′‐nucleotidase, a major neutrophil surface membrane glycoprotein, was 3‐fold higher in the univolved membrane of phagocytosing cells than in the resting cell membrane. The activity in the vesicle membranes was substantially depleted. In contrast Lens culinaris receptors showed no redistribution during phagocytosis: the two surface domains showing essentially the same enrichment with respect to homogenate as the resting cell surface membrane.
TMB‐8 inhibits secretion evoked by phorbol ester at basal cytoplasmic free calcium in quin2‐loaded platelets much more effectively than it inhibits thrombin‐induced calcium mobilisation
Authors: Simpson A.W.M. , Hallam T.J. , Rink T.J.
Published: July 2002

TMB‐8 is widely regarded as an ‘intracellular calcium antagonist’, supposedly inhibiting the mobilisation of intracellular calcium. Rarely, however, have the effects of this compound on Ca2+ movements been measured. We report here that TMB‐8 is not very effective in inhibiting thrombin‐induced Ca2+ influx or internal release in human platelets judged from the fluorescent signal of cytoplasmic quin2. Only approx. 40% inhibition was seen at 500 μm TMB‐8. Somewhat lower concentrations blocked the secretory response to thrombin and also the secretion evoked at basal [Ca2+]i by phorbol ester and collagen. It is suggested that one target for TMB‐8 may be the C‐kinase pathway.
Carbon isotope composition of lipidic classes isolated from tobacco leave
Authors: Deleens Eliane , Schwebel-Dugue Nicole , Tremolieres Antoine
Published: July 2002

It is shown that δ 13C values of total fatty acids in each of the main lipidic classes of tobacco leaves reach a uniform value around −34.3‰. This finding is in agreement with the common origin for acyl chains demonstrated in plant cells. For all the lipidic classes investigated, the δ 13C values in acyl chains were lower than in the whole lipidic molecules, except for the phosphatidylcholine in which the acyl chains and the polar head had similar values. Metabolic origins of the different part of lipidic molecules are discussed and related to the localization of the isotope fractionation step.
Three‐dimensional structure of monoanionic methionine‐enkephalin: X‐ray structure of tert‐butyloxycarbonyl‐Tyr‐Gly‐Gly‐(4‐bromo)Phe‐Met‐OH
Authors: Doi Mitsunobu , Ishida Toshimasa , Inoue Masatoshi , Fujiwara Takaji , Tomita Ken-ichi , Kimura Terutoshi , Sakakibara Shunpei
Published: July 2002

The conformation of tert‐butyloxycarbonyl‐Tyr‐Gly‐Gly‐(4‐bromo)Phe‐Met‐OH, as a monoanionic derivative of Met‐enkephalin, was elucidated by X‐ray crystal analysis. The molecule took an extended conformation which was bended at the Phe residue. The implication of the dimer formation caused by 4 intermolecular hydrogen bonds was discussed in the relation with the opiate receptor.
Further insight into the mode of action of the neurotoxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
Authors: Gessnerf Wieslaw , Brossi Arnold , Shen Rong-sen , Abell Creed W.
Published: July 2002

Chemical reactions of MPDP+, a recognized intermediate in the metabolic conversion of the neurotoxin MPTP by monoamine oxidase B into its major metabolite MPP+ were studied.Addition of cyanide to MPDP+ bromide in aqueous solutions afforded cyano‐compound 5 which isomerized in the presence of silica gel into compound 6. Both 5 and 6 when heated yielded a third isomer 7. MPDP+ bromide disproportionated into MPTP and MPP+ in aqueous solution near neutral or slightly alkaline pH, a reaction which also occurred when MPDP+ bromide was treated with an amine in dichloromethane solution. Disproportionation of MPDP+ at physiological pH may be of biochemical significance, since formation of MPP+ from MPDP+ can occur non‐enzymatically. MPTP, MPDP+, and MPP+ inhibited dopamine uptake in rat synaptosomal preparations with I50 values of 30, 37, and 3.4 μM, respectively. The competition of these compounds with dopamine for uptake sites in the membrane may contribute in part to the reduced levels of dopamine observed in animals treated with MPTP.
Parvalbumin in rat kidney
Authors: Schneeberger Peter R. , Heizmann Claus W.
Published: July 2002

The Ca2+‐binding parvalbumin has been purified for the first time from rat kidney. Its biochemical and immunological properties were indistinguishable from the muscle counterpart. By immunohistochemical methods parvalbumin was localized in part of the distal tubule and proximal collecting duct, similar to the vitamin D‐dependent Ca2+‐binding protein, calbindin‐28K. Parvalbumin was found to be independent of the vitamin D status of the animal since its concentration remained unchanged in kidney extracts of normal, rachitic and vitamin D‐replete rats. Both proteins may be involved in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ in kidney.
A sequence homology between the pX genes of HTLV‐I/II and the murine IL‐3 gene
Authors: Gojobori Takashi , Aota Shin-ichi , Inoue Tadashi , Shimotohno Kunitada
Published: July 2002

Searching the protein sequence database for amino acid sequences homologous to the x‐lor sequence in the pX region of human T‐cell leukemia virus types I and II (HTLV‐I/II), we found that there is a region of 38 amino acids where the murine interleukin 3 (IL‐3) sequence has a 40% homology with the x‐lor sequence. A statistical analysis shows that this homology is highly significant with a probability of 1.57 × 10−10. The biological implication of this homology is discussed.
Vasoressin gene expression is attenuated in the fetal Brattleboro rat
Authors: Van Tol H.H.M. , Voorhuis T.A.M. , Snijdewint F.G.M. , Boer G.J. , Burbach J.P.H.
Published: July 2002

Due to a genetic defect the homozygous Brattleboro rat is unable to synthesize vasopressin gene products but still transcribes a mutant vasopressin mRNA from the gene. To study the influence of vasopressin gene products on the development of vasopressin gene expression, vasopressin mRNA levels of the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus were measured at fetal day 20, postnatal day 1, 15 and 30 in the Wistar rat and in the heterozygous and homozygous Brattleboro rat by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. In the homozygous Brattleboro rat of fetal day 20 and postnatal day 1, no or minute amounts of vasopressin mRNA were detectable but vasopressin mRNA was readily detectable at postnatal day 15 and 30. The Wistar rat and heterozygous Brattleboro rat had abundant vasopressin mRNA at fetal day 20 with increasing amounts towards postnatal day 30. The results indicate that vasopressin gene expression in the development of the homozygous Brattleboro rat is attenuated, possibly due to the absence of vasopressin gene products.