bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acheulean in Southern Africa: Latest Perspectives
Authors: Wilson Coen G. , Caruana Matthew V.
Published: December 2024

Acheulean sites in southern Africa continue to play an important role in understanding the evolution of Earlier Stone Age technology. While there are over fifty Acheulean localities documented in this region, contextual challenges often limit their potential to develop well‐defined stratigraphic and chronological constraints. Despite this, recent trends in Acheulean research have emphasized the importance of examining site formation issues on both site and regional scales. Understanding where Acheulean sites are located on the southern African landscape provides insight into the mobility patterns of Early and Middle Pleistocene hominin populations. Furthermore, recent studies using geometric morphometric methods to analyze handaxes and cleavers have provided new avenues for illuminating sources of variation in their size and shape across both temporal and geographical boundaries. Continued expansion in these focal areas of research will aid our ability to understand how Acheulean toolmakers adapted to local and regional landscapes in southern Africa.
Latour, Bruno (1947–2022)
Authors: De Meyer Thibault
Published: December 2024

Bruno Latour was an anthropologist working in the field of science and technology studies.
Laboratory Life
, written with Steve Woolgar, is one of the first ethnographic descriptions of a laboratory. In later works, Latour defended a theoretical framework known as the actor‐network theory. In the last two decades of his life he became active as an ecological thinker.
Social Activism, Anthropology and
Authors: Ill‐Raga Marta , Maeckelbergh Marianne
Published: December 2024

Across the history of the discipline of anthropology, the relationship between anthropology and social activism has taken many forms. The role of the ethnographer was first envisioned as that of an objective scientist, but over time it shifted to that of a reflexive artist, to the ethnographer as a witness, to today's activist/militant ethnography, in which we meet the ethnographer as activist. Activist anthropology links social activism and anthropology through action in the field. The militant ethnographer's long‐term political commitment and direct engagement with the activist communities they are researching are put on the same level of importance as the scholarly value of the research. Practicing militant anthropology entails navigating the complex relationship between the ethnographer's role as activist and scholar, including the multiple ethical dimensions that this dual role raises.
Woodburn, James (1934–2022)
Authors: Power Camilla
Published: December 2024

James Woodburn was a leading anthropologist of hunter‐gatherers and the main ethnographer of the Hadzabe of Tanzania. His key areas of research included social organization, politics, property, and the mechanisms underpinning egalitarianism.
Postimperialism and Decolonizing Knowledge in Latin America and Elsewhere
Authors: Ribeiro Gustavo Lins
Published: December 2024

To open new disciplinary imaginings, we must reinvigorate the relationship between utopian and anthropological thought. This is already underway in efforts to decolonize knowledge. Though such efforts have different emphases, they are located within a field of ideological and utopian struggles that must be understood in the context of imperialism‐colonialism, of subalternized subject positions, and of the armed and cognitive struggles that imperialism‐colonialism has entailed. Based on the author's Latin American positionality, this entry analyzes the decolonization of anthropological knowledge as part of this wider field and of the discipline's history of reexamining itself. In a critical dialogue with postcolonial and decolonial thought,
postimperialism
is proposed as a framework that aims to deimperialize the world, overcoming the hierarchical positions between hegemonic and nonhegemonic anthropologies. Moreover, a postimperial research program would entail studying how global elites' power affects those who struggle to end an unfair regime that is destroying the planet.
Performance of recurrent neural networks with Monte Carlo dropout for predicting pharmacokinetic parameters from dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Murase Kenya , Nakamoto Atsushi , Tomiyama Noriyuki
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To quantitatively evaluate the performance of two types of recurrent neural networks (RNNs), long short‐term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent units (GRU), using Monte Carlo dropout (MCD) to predict pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters from dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) data.

Methods

DCE‐MRI data for simulation studies were synthesized using the extended Tofts model and a population‐averaged arterial input function (AIF). The ranges of PK parameters for training the RNNs were determined from data of patients with brain tumors. The effects of the number of training samples, number of hidden units, dropout rate (DR), and bolus arrival time delay and dispersion in AIF on the accuracy of the PK parameters were investigated, and the uncertainties for different DRs and peak signal‐to‐noise ratios (PSNRs) were quantified. For comparison, PK parameters were estimated using the nonlinear least‐squares method. In the clinical studies, the PK parameter and uncertainty images were generated by applying the trained RNNs to DCE‐MRI data.

Results

Compared with GRU, the computational cost for training the LSTM was significantly higher. The prediction accuracy of GRU decreased with decreasing numbers of training samples and hidden units, whereas the performance of LSTM remained stable. Despite an increased computational cost, MCD reduced the prediction error at low PSNR and improved the quality of PK parameter images. The simulation results recommended using a DR of 0.25–0.5 at low PSNR and ≤ 0.25 for other PSNRs. The clinical studies recommended using a DR of 0.25 and 0.5 for LSTM and GRU, respectively.

Conclusions

MCD is effective in quantifying uncertainty in PK parameter prediction from DCE‐MRI data and improves their performance, particularly at low PSNR; however, at the expense of increased computational cost. This study helps deepen our understanding of RNNs with MCD and select suitable hyperparameters for creating an RNN architecture for DCE‐MRI studies.
A Poly‐prodrug Nanosphere for Modulating Janus‐faced Nature of Pyroptosis to Launch an Immune Offensive and Defensive Warfare Reigniting the Cancer‐immunity Cycle
Authors: Han Linlin , Zhang Meng‐Jie , Ye Mengjie , Zhang Shanshan , Hu Junfeng , Zhang Hengbo , Ran Fanpeng , Zhang Xiaoli , Sun Zhi‐Jun , Xu Zhigang
Published: December 2024

Pyroptosis provides a novel perspective for the design of anti‐tumor strategies. However, when pyroptosis reaches a plateau, its negative role becomes “defense” signaling to evade immune surveillance. Herein, a triblock polymeric micelles TPT@PIO NPs are reported, including a hydrophobic block backbone poly (propylene sulfide) (PPS), a hydrophobic side chain disulfide bond‐bearing indomethacin (MABHD‐IND), a hydrophilic block poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA), and an encapsulated hydrophobic drug topotecan (TPT) through hydrophobic forces, exhibit excellent stability and responsiveness to the oxidation‐reduction microenvironment. This dual treatment mode utilizes TPT to trigger the activation of the pyroptosis process and uses IND to eliminate the immune escape by inhibiting the COX‐2/PGE2 pathway, ultimately making the growth of tumors being inhibited via the synergy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the failure of the immunosuppressive network accelerates the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the lungs and impedes the generation of tumor nodules. The changes in levels of cytokines caused by pyroptosis and the immune memory effect enhance the defense of transfer as well. In general, the ability of TPT@PIO NPs to regulate the Janus‐faced nature of pyroptosis acts as an indispensable role in suppressing tumor proliferation and metastasis.
Nanozyme‐Engineered Hyaluronic Acid Adhesives Loading Platelet‐Rich Plasma for Multilayered Osteoarthritis Treatment with Pain‐Relief Effect
Authors: Zhao Yiyang , Duan Wanglin , Zhu Bin , Chen Yurong , Zhu Ye , Martin‐Saldaña Sergio , Xiao Zhengtao , Liu Xinyi , Feng Luyao , Ren Yiming , Gong Yining , Huo Fuquan , Li Jinqing , Bu Yazhong , Du Baoji , Zhang Lining
Published: December 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease, causing pain, disability, and economic strain. Combining nanozymes with dopamine (DOPA)‐based adhesives offers a promising approach to effectively modulate the microenvironment of OA‐affected tissues. However, traditional fabrication methods of DOPA‐based adhesives often involve external oxidants or curing agents, which can introduce additional oxidative stress, posing systemic risks. Here, the different enzyme‐catalyzed activities of platinum–copper (PtCu) nanozymes at different pH values are utilized to directly catalyze the cross‐linking of DOPA‐modified hyaluronic acid (HAD), representing a new polymerization method for phenol‐based bioadhesives. The resulting adhesive (HAD/PtCu/platelet‐rich plasma (PRP)), when combined with PRP, effectively mitigates the generation of proinflammatory factors, scavenges reactive oxygen species, boosts the hypoxic chemotaxis of chondrocytes, stimulates chondrocyte proliferation and migration, and protects interleukin‐1β‐treated human articular chondrocyte C28/I2 cells from further OA advancement. Additionally, in vivo assessments show that HAD/PtCu/PRP significantly alleviates pain and improves the knee microenvironment in osteoarthritic rats. These findings suggest that HAD/PtCu/PRP provides a promising alternative in OA therapy.
Hierarchically Porous Carbon Colloidal Aerogels for Highly Efficient Flow Cells
Authors: Hou Yinglai , Sheng Zhizhi , Zhang Mengchuang , Lin Kaifa , Kong Jie , Zhang Xuetong
Published: December 2024

Electrodes with high active areas often compromise with limited ion transport kinetics in flow electrochemical devices. Herein, hierarchically porous carbon colloidal aerogels (HPCCAs) are constructed with multiscale porosities to meet the tradeoff between highly active areas and efficient mass transfer behavior. It is realized by introducing multiphase co‐separation in a sol‐gel transition process of aramid nanofibers/polyvinylpyrrolidone/carbon nanotubes followed by subsequent freeze‐drying and carbonization. The resulting HPCCA possesses a high volumetric electrochemically accessible surface area (3.27 × 107 m−1) and excellent mass transfer efficiency, 2–3 times higher permeability than commercial Toray carbon paper and 9.86 times higher than bare aerogel. An all‐vanadium single cell with HPCCAs as electrodes possesses a high energy efficiency of 83.18% under the current density of 100 mA cm−2, which is 10–31% higher than most of the state‐of‐the‐art carbon electrode materials including commercial carbon papers. In addition, the cell with HPCCAs shows outstanding long‐term stability up to 1000 cycles. Notably, HPCCAs are applicable to more flow battery systems, such as iron/chromium (Fe/Cr), iron/vanadium (Fe/V), zinc/bromine (Zn/Br), vanadium/methylene blue (V/MB), sodium salt of flavin mononucleotide/potassium ferrocyanide (FMN‐Na/K4[Fe(CN)6]), and methyl viologen/4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidin‐1‐oxyl (MV/4‐HO‐TEMPO). This work offers a new chemistry paradigm for developing advanced nanoporous aerogel materials and paves the way toward highly efficient flow electrochemical devices.
Protic Ionic Liquids: A General Strategy for Enhancing Electrical Conductivity and Stretchability of Conducting Polymer Thin Films
Authors: Kim Kyungjin , Han Minwoo , Ahn Hyungju , Kim Minji , Noh Jiyun , Noh Eunseo , Choi Haemin , Lee Seoung Ho , Lee Byoung Hoon
Published: December 2024

Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising materials for enhancing the electrical conductivity and stretchability of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)‐based stretchable transparent conductors. However, the relationship between the chemical structures of ILs and the electrical and mechanical properties of PEDOT:PSS/IL composites remains unclear. In this study, the impact of protic ILs (p‐ILs) on the electrical conductivity and stretchability of PEDOT:PSS/IL thin films is investigated via a comparative analysis with aprotic ILs (ap‐ILs). By synthesizing a series of p‐ILs and ap‐ILs based on imidazolium (IM) and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ions, it is demonstrated that p‐ILs significantly enhance electrical conductivity and stretchability, outperforming ap‐ILs. In addition, these properties further improve with decreasing alkyl chain length of IM cations, achieving maximum electrical conductivity and stretchability of ≈2200 S cm−1 and 65%, respectively. Notably, the crystalline structures of PEDOT:PSS/IL thin films are elucidated, revealing that p‐ILs with shorter alkyl chains facilitate the formation of PSS crystallites due to hydrogen bonding between p‐ILs and PSS, which in turn enhance electrical conductivity and stretchability. Leveraging these insights, PEDOT:PSS/p‐IL‐based strain sensors with broad dynamic ranges and tunable gauge factors are developed. The findings of this study provide valuable design guidelines for developing high‐performance ILs in stretchable and wearable electronics.
Thermal Transfer Printed Flexible and Wearable Bionic Skin with Bilayer Nanofiber for Comfortable Multimodal Health Management
Authors: Liang Xinshuo , Meng Shuo , Zhi Chuanwei , Zhang Shuai , Tan Renjie , Xu Xingyuan , Huang Kaisong , Lei Leqi , Hu Jinlian
Published: December 2024

The advent of bionic skin sensors represents a significant leap forward in the realm of wearable health monitoring technologies. Existing bionic skin technologies face several limitations, including complex and expensive manufacturing processes, low wearing comfort, and challenges in achieving comfortable real‐time health monitoring. These shortcomings hinder the widespread adoption and practical utility of bionic skin in various applications. The bionic skin invention presented in this article addresses these issues by introducing a novel thermal transfer manufacturing process that is low‐cost and easy to operate. This method is particularly suitable for the small‐scale mass production required for bionic skin applications. Additionally, the innovative bilayer unidirectional moisture transport nanomembrane incorporated into the bionic skin offers high extensibility and breathability. This feature enhances the ability of the skin to absorb sweat, thereby facilitating comfortable real‐time health monitoring. The specially designed bionic skin sensor embedded within this system can monitor various biomarkers in sweat, including glucose, lactic acid, uric acid, pH, temperature, and skin impedance. When combined with the CARE(Continuous Analyte Monitoring with Real‐time Engagement) system, it enables real‐time data transmission and processing, offering a comprehensive approach to health monitoring that is both comfortable and reliable.
Ionic Diode‐Based Drug Delivery System
Authors: Yoo Hyunjae , Kang Soon‐Bo , Kim Jeongsoo , Cho Wonkyung , Ha Hyojeong , Oh Seyoung , Jeong Seol‐Ha , Lee Sihwan , Lee Hyemin , Park Chang Seo , Lee Dong‐yup , Chung Taek Dong , Lee Kyung‐Mi , Sun Jeong‐Yun
Published: December 2024

Drug delivery systems hold promise for delivering cytotoxic drugs by controlling the timing and location of the drug release. However, conventional delivery mechanisms often fall short of achieving spatiotemporally controlled yet sustained release, which is crucial for ensuring drug efficacy and minimizing impact on surrounding tissues. Here, an ionic diode‐based drug delivery system is reported that is controlled by an electric potential and capable of releasing drugs at scales ranging from nanogram to microgram. The migrated drug is slowly but continuously diffused to the lesion through the hydrogel at the desired rate. The ionic diode provides flow‐free drug delivery while minimizing unintended drug leakage over prolonged periods. Implanted in a freely moving tumor‐bearing mouse model, the system filled with doxorubicin demonstrated superior anti‐tumor efficacy and minimal off‐target immune toxicity compared to the intratumoral injection of free doxorubicin. With its mechanically compliant and biocompatible components, the system offers a safe and readily translatable approach to patients with surgically unresectable tumors.
Self‐Wrinkling‐Induced Mechanically Adaptive Patterned Surface of Photocuring Coating for Abrasion Resistance
Authors: Zhu Yi , Li Jin , Ma Tianjiao , Gao Xiaxin , Li Kexing , Ma Xiaodong , Jiang Xuesong
Published: December 2024

Providing mechanically adaptive performance to surfaces is significant in preserving materials from damage in variable environments, however, it has rarely been studied. Inspired by the mechanically adaptive behaviors of the surface microstructure on the carapace of desert scorpions and bark of desert tamarisks, a self‐wrinkled mechanically adaptive patterned surface (SWMAPS) using one‐step UV‐curing and self‐wrinkling technique is reported. Because of the fluorinated polyurethane photo‐initiator formed by self‐assembly at the top surface, UV‐induced photo‐crosslinking can spontaneously generate a gradient‐crosslinked structure and wrinkled patterns with different morphology. With mechanically adaptive behavior originating from self‐assembled fluorinated polyurethane photo‐initiators, gradient‐crosslinked structures, and self‐wrinkled patterns, the SWMAPS remains intact under 600 cycles of reciprocating friction with little variation in the coefficient of friction and water contact angle. The SWMAPS prepared by programmable UV irradiation maintains integral under 1800 cycles of reciprocating friction with a stable friction coefficient. Furthermore, the SWMAPS is fabricated with high efficiency, regulated morphology, good surface mechanical properties, and self‐recovery performance. This strategy establishes a new field of mechanically adaptive patterned surfaces, which significantly improves durability and prolongs the service life of materials in variable environments.
Role of Electronic Conductivities Toward Practical All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal/Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ahmad Niaz , Fan Cailing , Faheem Muhammad , Zeng Chaoyuan , Mahmood Sajid , Liang Xiaoxiao , Yu Xianzhe , Dong Qinxi , Yang Wen
Published: December 2024

Inorganic solid‐state electrolytes (ISSEs) are recognized as promising candidates for safer and higher energy‐density all‐solid‐state lithium‐metal/sulfur batteries (ASSLM/SBs). Significant efforts have been directed at designing ISSEs with better chemical/electrochemical stability, superior lithium‐ion conductivity, and extensive working voltage windows. However, it has been investigated that Li‐dendrites produced within bulk ISSEs during the charge‐discharge process short‐circuit ASSLM/SBs. Notably, non‐negligble electronic conductivity (σe) ≈10−8 S cm−1 can trigger nucleation of Li‐dendrites at intrinsic defects, e.g., grain boundaries, pores, and cracks of ISSEs, leading to a significant self‐discharge phenomenon in ASSLM/SBs. Furthermore, the reasons behind the insufficient utilization of cathode active materials (CAMs) in ASSLM/SBs at practical current densities or C‐rate remained overlooked. Herein, first, the strategies to reduce the σe of sulfide‐based SSEs to prevent the Li‐dendrite formation at intrinsic defects are discussed. Second, strategies to enhance sulfur‐based cathodes' ionic and electronic conductivity (CAMs: Li2S and S8) are addressed. How a balanced ionic and electronic conductivity in the positive cathode layer realizes fast kinetics and maximizes the utilization of CAMs and reversibility for high‐performance ASSLM/SBs is also discussed. Finally, an extensive conclusion and innovative perspectives are presented to give readers a clearer insight into ASSLM/SBs.
Pyruvate Kinase M2‐Responsive Release of Paclitaxel and Indoleamine 2,3‐Dioxygenase Inhibitor for Immuno‐Chemotherapy of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wu Haisi , Sun Xianbao , Li Kaiming , Li Jinyu , Jiang Hui , Yan Dan , Lin Ya , Ding Yan , Lu Yawen , Zhu Xiaole , Chen Xufeng , Li Xiaolin , Liang Gaolin , Xu Huae
Published: December 2024

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a first‐line chemotherapeutic drug for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but it can induce indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) activation, which severely lowers down its immuno‐chemotherapeutic effect. To address this issue, a smart peptide hydrogelator Nap–Phe–Phe–Phe–Lys–Ser–Thr–Gly–Gly–Lys–Ala–Pro–Arg–OH (Nap‐T), which co‐assembles with PTX and an IDO inhibitor GDC0919 to form a hydrogel GP@Gel Nap‐T, is rationally designed. Upon specific phosphorylation by pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), an overexpressed biomarker of NSCLC, Nap‐T is gradually converted to Nap–Phe–Phe–Phe–Lys–Ser–Thr(H2PO3)–Gly–Gly–Lys–Ala–Pro–Arg–OH (Nap‐Tp), leading to dehydrogelation and sustained release of PTX and GDC0919 within NSCLC tissues. The released PTX exerts chemotherapy on NSCLC cells as well as immunogenic cell death induction, while GDC0919 promotes the immuno‐chemotherapeutic effect of PTX through IDO inhibition. We find that GP@Gel Nap‐T enhances the infiltration of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells and reduces the number of immunosuppressive cells in either tumor tissues or tumor‐draining lymph nodes, thus enhancing the immuno‐chemotherapy of PTX toward NSCLC. With this PKM2‐responsive drug release strategy, the smart peptide hydrogel platform might be applied for NSCLC treatment in clinic in near future.
Multidimensional Proteomic Landscape Reveals Distinct Activated Pathways Between Human Brain Tumors
Authors: Yang Shuang , Zheng Yongtao , Zhou Chengbin , Yao Jun , Yan Guoquan , Shen Chengpin , Kong Siyuan , Xiong Yueting , Sun Qingfang , Sun Yuhao , Shen Huali , Bian Liuguan , Qian Kun , Liu Xiaohui
Published: December 2024

Brain metastases (BrMs) and gliomas are two typical human brain tumors with high incidence of mortalities and distinct clinical challenges, yet the understanding of these two types of tumors remains incomplete. Here, a multidimensional proteomic landscape of BrMs and gliomas to infer tumor‐specific molecular pathophysiology at both tissue and plasma levels is presented. Tissue sample analysis reveals both shared and distinct characteristics of brain tumors, highlighting significant disparities between BrMs and gliomas with differentially activated upstream pathways of the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway that have been scarcely discussed previously. Novel proteins and phosphosites such as NSUN2, TM9SF3, and PRKCG_S330 are also detected, exhibiting a high correlation with reported clinical traits, which may serve as potential immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarkers. Moreover, tumor‐specific altered phosphosites and glycosites on FN1 are highlighted as potential therapeutic targets. Further validation of 110 potential noninvasive biomarkers yields three biomarker panels comprising a total of 19 biomarkers (including DES, VWF, and COL1A1) for accurate discrimination of two types of brain tumors and normal controls. In summary, this is a full‐scale dataset of two typical human brain tumors, which serves as a valuable resource for advancing precision medicine in cancer patients through targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
Graphene Quantum Dot Sensitized Heterojunctions Induce Tumor‐Specific Cuproptosis to Boost Sonodynamic and Chemodynamic Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Yan Lang , Chang Liang , Tian Yijun , Hu Jinyan , Cao Zhi , Guo Xiang , Geng Bijiang
Published: December 2024

Cuproptosis that utilizes copper ionophore to induce programmed cell death holds promise for enhancing the effectiveness of conventional anticancer therapies and triggering efficient adaptive immune responses. However, the non‐tumor‐specific release of Cu ions can induce cuproptosis and cause irreversible damage to normal tissues. To maximize the therapeutic effects of tumor‐specific cuproptosis, this work reports for the first time the regulation of degradation behaviors of Cu‐based nanomaterials using graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a protection layer. The deposition of GQDs not only avoids the degradation of Cu2O nanocubes under normal physiological conditions, but also sensitizes their sonodynamic activity due to the formation of Z‐scheme heterojunctions. The tumor‐specific released Cu ions achieve the cascade amplification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through Cu+‐mediated Fenton‐like reaction and Cu2+‐facilitated GSH depletion. More importantly, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) can be reversed by the greatly enhanced ROS levels and high‐efficiency cuproptosis, ultimately inducing immunogenic cell death that promotes robust systemic immune responses for the eradication of primary tumors and suppression of distant tumors. This work provides a novel paradigm for the integration of SDT, CDT, cuproptosis, and immunotherapy in a controlled manner to achieve tumor‐specific antitumor therapy by controlling the degradation behaviors of Cu‐based nanomaterials.
Ultraflexible Sensor Development via 4D Printing: Enhanced Sensitivity to Strain, Temperature, and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Hou Yanbei , Zhang Hancen , Zhou Kun
Published: December 2024

This paper addresses the trade‐off between sensitivity and sensing range in strain sensors, while introducing additional functionalities through an innovative 4D printing approach. The resulting ultraflexible sensor integrates carbon nanotubes/liquid metal hybrids and iron powders within an Ecoflex matrix. The optimization of this composition enables the creation of an uncured resin ideal for Direct Ink Writing (DIW) and a cured sensor with exceptional electromechanical, thermal, and magnetic performance. Notably, the sensor achieves a wide linear strain range of 350% and maintains a stable Gauge Factor of 19.8, offering an ultralow detection limit of 0.1% strain and a rapid 83‐ms response time. Beyond superior strain sensing capabilities, the sensor exhibits outstanding thermal endurance for temperatures exceeding 300 °C, enhanced thermal conductivity, and a consistent resistance‐temperature relationship, making it well‐suited for high‐temperature applications. Moreover, the inclusion of iron particles provides magnetic responsiveness, enabling synergistic applications in location and speed detection, particularly in home care. Leveraging DIW facilitates the creation of complex‐shaped sensors with multiple functional materials, significantly broadening the sensor's capabilities. This convergence of additive manufacturing and multifunctional materials marks a transformative step in advancing the performance of next‐generation sensors across diverse domains.
N‐glycosylation Modification of CTSD Affects Liver Metastases in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Xiong Nan , Du Yan , Huang Chuncui , Yan Quanyi , Zhao Long , Yang Changjiang , Sun Qing , Gao Zhidong , Wang Caihong , Zhan Jun , Zhang Hongquan , Wang Shan , Ye Yingjiang , Li Yan , Shen Zhanlong
Published: December 2024

Liver metastasis is the primary factor contributing to unfavorable prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although N‐glycosylation is implicated in metastasis, there is a notable paucity of comprehensive studies addressing the N‐glycosylation proteomics associated with liver metastasis in CRC. In this study, N‐glycosylated proteins and N‐glycosylation sites of differential expression between primary lesions and paired liver metastatic lesions are identified. Cathepsin D (CTSD) is further screened as a potentially pivotal N‐glycosylated protein in CRC liver metastasis. Glycosyltransferases complex DDOST and STT3B can regulate N‐glycosylation modification at residue 263 of CTSD (a protease), thereby affecting CTSD protease to lyse ACADM. ACADM can regulate ferroptosis‐related proteins (ACSL4, SLC7A11, and GPX4) to further influence the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells. This newly discovered mechanism provides potential therapeutic targets for CRC treatment and insights for controlling CRC progression and metastasis.
Porous Deep Eutectic Solvents–Unfulfilled Dream or the Next Breakthrough in Scientific Innovation?
Authors: Wysokowski Marcin , Makoś‐Chełstowska Patrycja , Brzęczek‐Szafran Alina , Sikora Aleksandra , Gorczyński Adam , Jesionowski Teofil
Published: December 2024

Porous deep eutectic solvents (PDES) are capturing the imagination of scientists, promising a revolutionary leap in material science. These innovative materials, blending the versatility of deep eutectic solvents (DES) with the intricate architectures of porous structures, offer an exciting array of applications—from green chemistry and catalysis to energy storage and environmental remediation. However, the journey from laboratory curiosity to industrial application is fraught with challenges. This perspective article analyzes the realm of PDES, scrutinizing the cutting‐edge advancements and the challenges that lie ahead. By exploring their synthesis, unique properties, and diverse application potential, the critical question is asked: are PDES an unfulfilled dream or the next big breakthrough in scientific innovation? A comprehensive analysis reveals a “landscape” ripe with opportunity, suggesting that with targeted research and development, PDES can indeed become a cornerstone technology, driving progress across multiple scientific domains.
Modulating Acceptor Phase Leads to 19.59% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Bai Liang , Chung Sein , Zhao Zhenmin , Zhao Jingjing , Sun Yuqing , Liu Yuan , Tan Lixing , Zhong Jiancheng , Lyu Sooji , Ji Hojun , Cho Kilwon , Kan Zhipeng
Published: December 2024

Nonfullerene acceptors are critical in advancing the performance of organic solar cells. However, unfavorable morphology and low photon‐to‐electron conversion in the acceptor range continue to limit the photocurrent generation and overall device performance. Herein, benzoic anhydride, a low‐cost polar molecule with excellent synergistic properties, is introduced in combination with the traditional additive 1‐chloronaphthalene to optimize the aggregation of nonfullerene acceptors. This dual additive approach precisely modulates the morphology of various acceptors, significantly enhancing device performance. Notably, the method induces the formation of fine fibers with dense polymorph structures in BTP‐base derivatives, achieving an optimal balance between exciton dissociation and charge collection in the active layers. As a result, the external quantum efficiency of the optimal devices is markedly improved in the wavelength range of 700–850 nm. Ultimately, power conversion efficiencies of 18.27% and 19.59% are achieved for devices comprising PM6:Y6 and PM6:L8‐BO, respectively. The results reveal a convenient and effective method to control the morphology of nonfullerene acceptors and improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells, paving the way for more efficient and practical organic photovoltaic technologies.
Harnessing the TAF1 Acetyltransferase for Targeted Acetylation of the Tumor Suppressor p53
Authors: Kabir Md , Hu Xiaoping , Martin Tiphaine C. , Pokushalov Dmitry , Kim Yong Joon , Chen Yiyang , Zhong Yue , Wu Qiong , Chipuk Jerry E. , Shi Yi , Xiong Yan , Gu Wei , Parsons Ramon E. , Jin Jian
Published: December 2024

Pharmacological reactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 remains a key challenge for the treatment of cancer. Acetylation Targeting Chimera (AceTAC), a novel technology is previously reported that hijacks lysine acetyltransferases p300/CBP to acetylate the p53Y220C mutant. However, p300/CBP are the only acetyltransferases harnessed for AceTAC development to date. In this study, it is demonstrated for the first time that the TAF1 acetyltransferase can be recruited to acetylate p53Y220C. A novel TAF1‐recruiting AceTAC, MS172 is discovered, which effectively acetylates p53Y220C lysine 382 in a concentration‐, time‐ and TAF1‐dependent manner via inducing the ternary complex formation between p53Y220C and TAF1. Notably, MS172 suppresses the proliferation in multiple p53Y220C‐harboring cancer cell lines more potently than the previously reported p300/CBP‐recruiting p53Y220C AceTAC MS78 with little toxicity in p53 WT and normal cells. Additionally, MS172 is bioavailable in mice and suitable for in vivo efficacy studies. Lastly, novel upregulation of metallothionine proteins by MS172‐induced p53Y220C acetylation is discovered using RNA‐seq and RT‐qPCR studies. This work demonstrates that TAF1 can be harnessed for AceTAC development and expands the very limited repertoire of the acetyltransferases that can be leveraged for developing AceTACs, thus advancing the targeted protein acetylation field.
Novel Phosphazenium Tetrafluoroborate Dopant Enables Efficient and Thermally Stable n‐Doped Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Wei Huan , Guo Jing , Liu Heng , Wu Tong , Chen Ping‐An , Dong Chuanding , Wang Shu‐Jen , Schumacher Stefan , Bai Yugang , Lei Ting , Wang Suhao , Hu Yuanyuan
Published: December 2024

Thermal stability is crucial for doped organic semiconductors (OSCs) and their applications in organic thermoelectric (OTE) devices. However, the capacity of n‐dopants to produce thermally stable n‐doped OSC films has not been thoroughly explored, with few reports of high thermal stability. Here, a novel n‐dopant, phosphazenium tetrafluoroborate (P2BF4) is introduced, which effectively induces n‐doping in N2200, P(PzDPP‐CT2) and several other commonly used OSCs. Remarkably, the electrical conductivity of P2BF4‐doped OSC films remains almost unchanged even after heating at temperatures > 150 °C for 24 h, far superior to the films doped with benchmark N‐DMBI. The exceptional thermal stability observed in P2BF4‐doped P(PzDPP‐CT2) films allows for stable operation of the corresponding organic thermoelectric devices at 150 °C for 16 h, a milestone not previously achieved. This study offers valuable insights into the development of n‐dopants capable of producing OSCs with outstanding thermal stability, paving the way for the practical realization of OTE devices with enhanced operation stability.
Flocculating‐Regulated TiO2 Deposition Enables the Synergistic Effect of Doping for Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 25.8%
Authors: Yan Huilin , Zhao Xing , Huang Hao , Wu Danxia , Zhu Pengkun , Li Danni , Fan Bingbing , Qiu Yujie , Yang Yuqing , Geng Qi , Cui Peng , Yang Yingying , Lan Zhineng , Li Meicheng
Published: December 2024

The planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using TiO2 as the electron transport layer (ETL) are undergoing a stagnated efficiency improvement, which the inferior TiO2 ETL mainly limits. Herein, a flocculating‐regulated TiO2 deposition using SnCl2·2H2O is reported as the flocculate to control the nanoparticle size finely for optimizing TiO2 deposition and to achieve a synergistic Sn doping. The SnCl2·2H2O incorporated into bath precursor can bridge‐link the suspended nanoparticles, which promotes the precipitation of large‐sized nanoparticles and leaves the smaller‐sized nanoparticles for deposition, leading to a compact TiO2 film with marked reduced surface roughness. Meanwhile, along with flocculating‐regulated TiO2 deposition, it can also be achieved the Sn‐doping of TiO2, which increases the conductivity of TiO2 thin films by ≈2.5 times. As a consequence, attributing to the optimized interface contact and accelerated interfacial electron transport, the planar PSCs achieved a certification efficiency of 25.85%, the highest value among the TiO2‐based planar PSCs to date. In addition, the PSCs can maintain 99% of their initial efficiency after more than 4500 h of storage in ambient air, showing excellent stability.
Controlling Grain Boundary Segregation to Tune the Conductivity of Ceramic Proton Conductors
Authors: Kindelmann Moritz , Povstugar Ivan , Kuffer Severin , Jennings Dylan , Ebert Julian N. , Weber Moritz L. , Zahler M. Pascal , Escolastico Sonia , Almar Laura , Serra Jose M. , Kaghazchi Payam , Bram Martin , Rheinheimer Wolfgang , Mayer Joachim , Guillon Olivier
Published: December 2024

Acceptor‐doped barium zirconates are of major interest as proton‐conducting ceramics for electrochemical applications at intermediate operating temperatures. However, the proton transport through polycrystalline microstructures is hindered by the presence of a positive space charge potential at grain boundaries. During high‐temperature sintering, the positive charge acts as a driving force for acceptor dopant segregation to the grain boundary. Acceptor segregation to grain boundaries has been observed in sintered ceramics, but the fundamental relationship between the segregation kinetics and the protonic conductivity is poorly understood. Here, a comprehensive study of the influence of acceptor dopant segregation on the electrochemical properties of grain boundaries in barium zirconate ceramics is presented. An out‐of‐equilibrium model material that displays no detectable Y segregation at its grain boundaries is explicitly designed. This model material serves as a starting point to measure the kinetics of segregation and the induced changes in grain boundary conductivity upon varying thermal histories. Furthermore, the electrochemical results from impedance spectroscopy to atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy, atom probe tomography, and DFT simulations are correlated. It is discovered that acceptor dopant segregation drastically increases the proton conductivity in both the model system and several other application‐relevant compositions.
Potential Application of Porous Oxide Ceramics and Composites in Concentrated Solar Technologies
Authors: Alkan Gözde , Mechnich Peter , Flucht Ferdinand , Willsch Christian
Published: December 2024

Concentrated solar thermal technology (CST) using solid particles as integrated thermal absorptance, transport, and storage medium offers higher storage densities and lower storage costs. In this application, ceramic particles are heated up rapidly in solar receivers up to 1000 °C and carried to the heat exchanger to generate hot air or steam. Hot and cold storage containers are used to store particles and transport tubes are needed to ensure the transportation of the hot and cold particles between CST plant components. There are various material properties needed to be fulfilled by these various CST components. High mechanical stability at elevated temperatures (>1000 °C), structural and mechanical stability after long time exposure to the heat, abrasion resistance against particle collisions, thermal shock resistance, chemical stability against particles are some of the most important properties. In this study, sintered bauxite particles, (Al2O3) matrix/(Al2O3) fiber, mullite matrix/mullite fiber ceramic matrix composites, plasma‐sprayed alumina, and mullite ceramics are evaluated in terms of their mechanical properties and CST‐related functional properties. Considering all properties, possible application as CST plant components are discussed and suggested.
Predictive accuracy of comorbidity index models in assessing mortality risk among hemodialysis patients: A comprehensive single‐center observational cohort study
Authors: Yu Yanna , Li Fen , Wang Zhan , Ni Zhibin , Zhang Shu , Zhao Weihong , Pei Xiaohua
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Comorbidity prediction models have been demonstrated to offer more comprehensive and accurate predictions of death risk compared to single indices. However, their application in China has been limited, particularly among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of comorbidity index models in predicting mortality risk among Chinese MHD patients.

Methodology

The MHD patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were taken as the subjects. Claims‐based disease‐specific refinements matching translation to ICD‐10 and flexibility (CDMF‐CCI) model and Liu model were selected as the candidate models for this verification research. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression calculations were used to analyze the independent predictive effect of the models on survival rate.

Results

Annually, nearly 500 patients undergo hemodialysis treatment. From January 2019 to June 2022, a total of 199 patients succumbed, with a mean age of 65.2 years. During these 4 years, the mortality rates were 13.04%, 9.68%, 11.69%, and 6.39%, respectively. The leading causes of death were sudden demise (82 patients, 41.2%), cardiovascular disease (48 patients, 24.1%), pulmonary infection (33 patients, 16.5%), and stroke (19 patients, 9.5%). When compared to individual indices, the CDMF‐CCI model displayed more accurate and predictive results, with an HR of 1.190 (P = 0.037). Conversely, the Liu model failed to identify high‐risk individuals.

Conclusion

The MHD patients face a significant risk of mortality. When compared to univariate parameters and the Liu model, the CDMF‐CCI model exhibits superior predictive accuracy for mortality in MHD patients.
Impacts of COVID‐19 pandemic on short‐term outcomes of low anterior resection performed in hospitals with different surgical volumes
Authors: Maeda Hiromichi , Endo Hideki , Seishima Ryo , Hibi Taizo , Takeuchi Masashi , Takemura Yusuke , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Taketomi Akinobu , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Seto Yasuyuki , Ueno Hideki , Mori Masaki , Shirabe Ken , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: December 2024

Aim

To evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic on short‐term outcomes of low anterior resection (LAR) across hospitals classified by surgical volume.

Methods

Data of patients who underwent elective LAR for rectal cancer between 2018 and 2022 were obtained from the National Clinical Database of Japan. Hospitals were categorized into high‐, medium‐, and low‐volume groups. Each group was constituted to represent approximately one‐third of all surgeries performed between 2018 and 2019. The standardized morbidity/mortality ratios (SMRs) of Clavien–Dindo grade ≥3 (CD ≥ 3) complications were the primary endpoint. The secondary endpoints included anastomotic leakage, pneumonia, and surgical mortality.

Results

This study analyzed 91 800 cases of elective LAR, with 10.5% experiencing CD ≥ 3 complications, 8.8% anastomotic leakage, 0.9% pneumonia, and 0.5% surgical mortality. Despite COVID‐19, SMRs of CD ≥ 3 complications decreased from 2018 to 2022 across all groups. However, increases in the rates and SMRs of CD ≥ 3 complications were observed in low‐volume hospitals around mid‐2020, followed by a decline. Anastomotic leakage showed similar trends. The rates and SMRs of pneumonia and surgical mortality remained unchanged. Notably, anastomotic leakage rates were 7.6%, 8.9%, and 10.0% in high‐, medium‐, and low‐volume hospitals, respectively, indicating superior outcomes in high‐volume hospitals.

Conclusion

Early COVID‐19 waves may have disproportionately affected low‐volume hospitals. However, the decline in SMRs of CD ≥ 3 complications from 2018 to 2022 across all three groups suggests the robustness and resilience of surgical services for rectal cancer in Japan. The potential disparity in short‐term outcomes among hospitals is a new concern.
Sexual Signaling and Sociosexual Behaviors in Relation to Rank, Parasites, Hormones, and Age in Male Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) in Uganda
Authors: Snyder Karin P. , Greenberg Dina , Fane Taylor , Filazzola Alessandro , Mastromonaco Gabriela F. , Schoof Valérie A. M.
Published: December 2024

Secondary sexual characteristics, and the extent to which they are expressed, can convey information about the signaller. The blue scrotum and red penis of male vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) make them a good species in which to examine inter‐ and intramale variation in signal expression. We quantified genital hue and luminance of male vervets at Lake Nabugabo, Uganda from standardized photos of male genitalia taken in May to June 2016, January to March 2019, and April to June 2019 to examine how dominance rank, fecal androgens (fARMs), fecal glucocorticoids (fGCMs), and parasitism related to achromatic (i.e., luminance) and chromatic (i.e., hue) aspects of scrotal and penile coloration, as well as how genital color related to sociosexual behaviors. We examined 182 photoshoots, 214 fecal samples for hormone analyses, and 152 for parasite analyses. Linear models indicate that genital color is linked to male dominance rank; high‐ranking males had a more luminant (i.e., brighter) scrotum and a redder penis. Within males, color characteristics remained relatively stable over the short‐term and changed moderately over the long‐term. The direction of change was inconsistent for all color characteristics except scrotal luminance, which increased in all males over the long‐term. Males with a darker penis received more mating presentations, while higher‐ranking males received more mating refusals than low‐ranking males, suggesting that females pay attention to penile color. We did not find support for any parasite or hormone mediation of color, and while there was a correlation between fGCM and fARMs, this was positive rather than negative as predicted by the stress‐linked immunocompetence handicap hypothesis. Overall, our results indicate that the production of genital color may serve as an intra‐ and/or intersexual signal of male dominance rank and age in vervets.
Engineering the Self‐Assembly Pathways of POSS‐Peptide Amphiphiles to Form Diverse Cross‐β Structures
Authors: Du Zhen , Dai Junhao , Wang Zhibo , Ye Zushan , Lei Huanyu , Guo Qing‐Yun , Yan Xiao‐Yun , Li Mu , Li Minzhao , Zhao Wangshen , Zhang Beijing , Huang Yupeng , Yang Ziqiong , Huang Zongwu , Yin Panchao , Jiang Lingxiang , Zhang Rui , Tang Wen
Published: December 2024

Cross‐β structures are crucial in driving protein folding and aggregation. However, due to their strong aggregating tendency, the precise control of the self‐assembly of β‐sheet‐forming peptides remains a challenge. We propose a molecular geometry strategy to study and control the self‐assembly of cross‐β structures. We conjugate the peptide with shape‐persistent polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), which acts as a hydrophilic head and senses the solvent environment. The POSS‐peptide amphiphiles display two distinct self‐assembly pathways: twisted nanoribbons transforming into either nanotubes at low water content or flat nanoribbons at high water content. The peptide packing in flat nanoribbons is predominantly modulated by POSS, diverting the system away from crystal formation, which is the absolute lowest energy state of pure peptide self‐assemblies. For the first time, we have demonstrated that POSS can serve as a useful tool to adjust the interactions between cross‐β strands, achieving fine‐tuning of the pathway complexity (i.e., the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of peptide self‐assembly). With this versatile molecular platform incorporating multiple functionalities of POSS and programable peptide sequences, this study provides a platform to exploit cross‐β‐based nanomaterials with functional and pathological significance.