bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A clinical and epidemiological study on discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: Gopalan Geetharani , Gopinath Sudha R. , R. Kothandaramasamy , Pandian Sathesh
Published: July 2018

Background: Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the commonest form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.The objective of our study is to analyze the clinical and epidemiological aspects of DLE.

Methods: All clinically diagnosed cases of DLE attending the dermatology OPD from October 2010 to September 2012were included in the study. A detailed history, complete physical examination, biopsy for confirmation and other relevant investigations were done in all cases.

Results: The incidence was 4.79 per 10000 cases (51 of 106368 dermatology patients) showing female to male ratio of 4.1:1. Localized type was more common than the disseminated type. Few lesions (less than five) in a localized area without head and neck involvement were also classified as localized type in this study. Mucosal, verrucous, tumid and lupus panniculitis were the variants of DLE encountered. The sites involved were face, scalp, trunk, upper and lower limb in descending order of frequency. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was positive in 22 of 30 cases done (73%). The systemic involvement was seen in 15 patients all of whom were diagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Squamous cell carcinoma was seen in 2 cases of disseminated DLE.

Conclusions: Majority of patients had disease onset at 3rd to 5th decade showing female predominance. When compared to localized type, disseminated type was found more frequently in males. Early onset and severe disease was noted among offspring born to a patient suffering from disseminated DLE. Serious morbidity like lupus nephritis was observed only in 1 case. The occurrence of DLE over the herpes zoster scar was an interesting observation.
Clinicomycological evaluation of dermatophytosis at tertiary care hospital in central India
Authors: Rathoriya Shyam Govind , Jain Ankit Kumar , Shinde Kavita A.
Published: July 2018

Background: Dermatophytoses are the infection of keratinized tissues such as the epidermis, hair, and nails caused by a group of closely related filamentous fungi known as dermatophytes.

Methods: It was a hospital based cross-sectional study. A total number of 150 clinically diagnosed cases of skin, hair and nail infections were randomly selected from all the age groups and of both the sexes, attending Dermatology Outpatient department of CMCH, Bhopal from January 2016-December 2017.

Results: Out of total 150 subjects, most common clinical type of dermatophytosis, identified in our study, was tinea corporis in 53 (35.3%) subjects followed by tinea cruris in 34 (22.6%) subjects. 134 (89.3%) subjects were tested positive by direct microscopy (KOH mount) and 69 (46.0%) by culture. Highest KOH mount positivity was seen in patient suffering from tinea corporis (94.3%) followed by tinea cruris (94.1%). Culture positivity was highest with tinea corporis (54.7%) followed by tinea lesions on more than one site (47.3%) and tinea cruris (47.0%). In our study, total 69 culture positive samples were isolated and the most common species isolated was T. rubrum in 41 (59.42%) cases.

Conclusions: The present study gives valuable insight regarding clinical and mycological pattern of superficial fungal infections in this region as well as shows the importance of mycological examination of dermatophytosis samples for planning effective management. 
A rare case report of progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma in five generations of an Indian family
Authors: Gupta Anil Kumar , Kaushik Kanishk Utkarsh , . Sushantika , Sachan Shivangi
Published: July 2018

Erythrokeratoderma is a rare group of disorders of autosomal dominant inheritance characterised by localised erythema and hyperkeratosis. Within a broad spectrum of phenotypes atleast two are delineated: a) Erythrokeratoderma variabilis and b) Progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma. Here we are reporting a case of progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma in an Indian family where five successive generations were involved.
La representación de la sordedad: el propio cuerpo y la confesión religiosa como agentes de socialización
Authors: Fernández Mostaza María Esther , Albañil Diana Marcela Murcia
Published: July 2018

Se propone la identificación del cuerpo, la familia y la religión en los procesos de socialización de las personas sordas, a partir de la reflexión epistemológica del paradigma relacional simbólico en el marco del interaccionismo simbólico. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de corte longitudinal durante los años 2016 y 2017, que permitió el seguimiento de diez trayectorias de vida, elegidas a partir de una muestra de historias de sujetos sordos de la zona urbana en la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia). Se seleccionaron personas adultas sordas que se identificaran en contextos que podrían ser descriptos a través del concepto de alternación, que tuvieran hijos de cualquier edad, que fueran usuarios de la lengua de señas y que vivenciaran procesos subjetivos relacionados con la cultura Sorda. En particular, emergen los escenarios de la religión y la salud en los que el cuerpo se resignifica en sujetos sordos adultos, planteando cuestionamientos sobre las intervenciones profesionales y dejando de lado la percepción excluyente para otorgarle al cuerpo un nuevo significado como agente socializador.
Sociogénesis de los dispositivos evangélicos de “rehabilitación” de usuarios de drogas en Argentina
Authors: Algranti Joaquín , Mosqueira Mariela
Published: July 2018

Para reconstruir el origen y desarrollo de los dispositivos neopentecostales dirigidos al tratamiento de adicciones en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, el artículo periodiza analíticamente los impulsos de “espiritualización terapéutica” de la conducta adictiva que emprenden los agentes evangélicos a partir de la década de 1970 y explora el modo en que el Estado y los grupos religiosos convergen en el Programa Recuperar Inclusión. Desde una metodología cualitativa y un enfoque sociológico entre 2015 y 2016, se realizaron catorce entrevistas a profesores, dirigentes y ex usuarios del programa, doce entrevistas a responsables estatales, observación participante en los cursos de formación y se conformó un corpus de documentos relativo a ambas instituciones. Los procesos emergentes de institucionalización política y religiosa se analizaron de acuerdo a tres dimensiones: a) el carisma y su par opuesto, la burocracia, b) al rol dinamizador de las segundas líneas y c) las estructuras de organización en red. Se concluye que existen encuentros y analogías entre las dinámicas de institucionalización evangélica y pública en el tratamiento de las adicciones.
Entre las religiones y el Estado: el caso de las Expo Promo Salud en la provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors: García Bossio María Pilar , Monjeau Castro Catalina
Published: July 2018

Las religiones han establecido históricamente formas de regular la vida de sus fieles, que impactan en la concepción del bienestar y la salud. A su vez, espacios estatales han complejizado la definición de salud, incluyendo la no enfermedad del cuerpo, la estabilidad y bienestar social, psicológico, emocional y espiritual. Partiendo de la categoría de cuidado en un sentido amplio, nos proponemos tensionar estas conceptualizaciones a fin de dar cuenta de los puntos de encuentro y discrepancia entre las formas de definición de salud y bienestar por parte de agentes estatales y religiosos. Para ello, desde un enfoque cualitativo, se realizó análisis de contenido de documentos, observación participante y entrevistas formales e informales con agentes estatales y religiosos en el marco de dos eventos organizados, en 2016 y 2017, por la Dirección Provincial de Cultos denominados Expo Promo Salud, espacios instituidos para visibilizar las acciones realizadas por las religiones en el área de la salud en general y del consumo problemático de drogas en particular. A partir de allí esperamos contribuir a las formas de definición discursiva del cuidado, la salud y el bienestar y su posible impacto a la hora de diseñar políticas públicas.
Prácticas en búsqueda de legitimidad: el uso contemporáneo de la ayahuasca, entre reivindicaciones terapéuticas y religiosas
Authors: Dupuis David
Published: July 2018

El creciente interés de los occidentales por la bebida psicotrópica ayahuasca y la participacion en rituales exóticos ha llevado en las últimas décadas a la multiplicación de los “centros chamánicos” en la Amazonía peruana. Entre estos, el centro Takiwasi es una comunidad terapéutica que acoge cada año a cientos de clientes nacionales y extranjeros. Esta institución, creada por un médico francés en 1992, fue originalmente destinada a proponer una alternativa terapéutica para el tratamiento de la adicción, y se caracterizaba por el uso de ciertas herramientas del chamanismo mestizo peruano articuladas con la biomedicina y la psicología clínica. La evolución diacrónica de la institución está, sin embargo, marcada por la creciente utilización de elementos de la tradición católica. Examino aquí la hipótesis de que estas transformaciones pueden ser interpretadas como los efectos de la globalización del uso de la ayahuasca y sus consecuencias jurídicas y políticas. De este modo, el caso de Takiwasi subraya el papel jugado por las tradiciones religiosas y el campo médico en la construcción, la legitimación y el mantenimiento de las prácticas nuevas e híbridas que se multiplican alrededor del uso de la ayahuasca.
Doğu Akdeniz’de Denizaltı Telgraf Bağlantıları: Yunanistan’ın Uluslararası Şebekeye Dahil Edilmesi
Authors: Çakılcı Diren
Published: July 2018

1855 yılından itibaren, telgraf teknolojisinin önemli

mevkiler arasında tesis edilerek haberleşmede kolaylık ve hız sağlanması

Osmanlı Devleti’nin uygulamış olduğu en önemli yatırım politikalarındandır.

1859 yılına gelindiğinde, başta Rumeli topraklarında olmak üzere, yerel ve

uluslararası telgraf hatlarının bizzat devlet eliyle veya yabancı devletler ile

gerçekleştirilen mukavelenameler çerçevesinde çeşitli kumpanyalar aracılığı ile

inşa edilip işletilmeğe başlandığı görülmüştür. Osmanlı Devleti’nin Avrupa

merkezleri ile bağlantı kurması akabinde İngiltere’nin Avrupa’dan Hindistan’a

kadar bir telgraf hattı kurma düşüncesi ve bunun için Çanakkale’den

İskenderiye’ye kadar deniz altından bir kablo döşenmesi projesi de gündeme

gelmiştir. Bu proje Osmanlı Devleti hatlarının stratejik önemini artırmış,

Osmanlı Devleti’ne sınırı bulunan devletler Osmanlı telgraf hatları ile

bağlantı kurmak için teklifler sunmaya başlamıştır. Kendi hatlarını

Çanakkale-İskenderiye hattına bağlayarak uluslararası telgraf haberleşmesine

dahil olmak isteyen devletlerden biri de Yunanistan’dır. 1859 yılında Osmanlı

Devleti’ne sunulan teklifle Pire Limanı ile Sakız Adası arasında bir denizaltı

hattı tesis ederek uluslararası şebekeye dahil olmaya çalışan Yunanistan, bu

projenin tamamlanması ile hedefine ulaşmıştır. Çalışmada, Yunanistan’ın Osmanlı

Devleti’ne yapmış olduğu Pire-Sakız Adası denizaltı telgraf hattı projesi

teklifinin detayları aktarılmış, her iki devletin bu doğrultudaki politikası ve

söz konusu projenin önemi incelenmiştir. Konunun aydınlatılması 19. yüzyıl uluslararası

telgraf haberleşmesi ve Osmanlı telgraf hatlarının stratejik konumu açısından önemlidir.
Norveçli Doktor Hans Dae’nin Gözünden 1897 Osmanlı-Yunan Harbi’nde İlkyardım Ve Tedavi Hizmetleri
Authors: Şimşek Kamuran
Published: July 2018

Osmanlı

Devleti’nde 19. yüzyılda uzun süren savaşlar nedeniyle cephelerde tıbbi

personel eksikliği yaşanmış, yaralıların tedavilerini aksatmamak amacıyla ülke

dışından tabip getirme yoluna gidilmiştir. 1897 Osmanlı-Yunan Harbi’ndeki

doktor eksikliğini gidermek amacıyla da gerek devlet eliyle gerekse de Salib-i

Ahmer ve Hilal-i Ahmer gibi uluslararası alanda yardım sağlayan cemiyetler

vasıtasıyla ülke dışından doktorlar getirtilmiştir. Bu suretle Norveç ordusunda

görev yapan Hans Dae, Osmanlı topraklarına gelmiş ve ülkesine döndüğünde

savaşın başından sonuna kadar tanık olduğu olayları “1897 senesi Devlet-i Aliyye

ve Yunan Muhârebesi Hakkında Hâtırât ve Mülâhazât” isimli risalesinde

kaleme almıştır. Bu makale, söz konusu rapor vasıtasıyla savaşta Osmanlı ve

Yunan askerlerinin, hastanelerin, yolların, yaralıların ve yaralı nakillerinin

durumu, dolayısıyla savaşın arka planı hakkında bilgi vermek amacını

taşımaktadır.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF DOUBLE-SIDED SOLAR MODULES EFFICIENCY IN THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Yurchenko Alexey , Yugay Vyacheslav , Neshina Elena
Published: July 2018

The article presents studies of double-sided solar modules in Kazakhstan. To conduct an experimental research of double-sided solar modules efficiency in the climatic conditions of Central Kazakhstan we have created an experimental solar power plant (SPP) located on the territory of Karaganda State Technical University. The solar power plant consists of four photovoltaic modules of KZ PV 270 M72 type and four photovoltaic modules of FSM-185D type. The rotary system was not used; solar panels are southward (directed to the south). The comparison was made with the solar power plant without orientation system which uses four photovoltaic modules of KZ PV 270 M72 type produced by Astana Solar LLP.

The statistical analysis of information with an assessment of parameters of distribution and criteria for processing of results of scientific experiment is carried out. The correlation and regression analysis is performed. The least square method (coefficient calculation) is used in data processing. We have developed the computational model simulating the SPP by means of which the theoretical averaged values of energy amount generated in kWh/day have been obtained, and the actual values have been received by in-use measurements of SPP parameters within a year. The results of this work showed that the use of double-sided solar modules in Kazakhstan is very promising and can be a decisive factor for their widespread use with the tendency to lower prices.
ANALYSIS OF X-RAY WHISPERING GALLERY WAVES PROPAGATING ALONG LIQUID MENISCUSES
Authors: Goray L. I.
Published: July 2018

X-ray diffraction and fluorescence of whispering galleries (WGs) which propagate along meniscuses of deionized water or silica hydrosols enriched by CsOH have been analyzed for the first time. The measurements have been performed using the diffractometer with a moving tube-detector system. The X-ray beam rotation angle reached a maximum value of 4° on a silica hydrosol sample. The WG mode propagating near the surface of a concave meniscus as well as the fluorescence intensity have been found from a solution of the respective Helmholtz equations. For analysis of intensities of the X-ray scattering and fluorescence we have used a two-layer model of the liquid with the upper non-uniform corrugated layer in which the concentration of levitating Cs+ ions near the surface has a maximum derived from the experiment in the hydrosol depth of ~ 15 nm for SiO2 particle sizes of ~ 5÷7 nm. In order to determine the fluorescence intensity we have used the approach based on a method of fundamental parameters using the reciprocity theorem.
Parametric X-ray radiation and texture of polycrystalline foils
Authors: Alexeyev V.I. , Eliseyev A.N. , Irribarra E. , Kishin I.A. , Kubankin A.S. , Nazhmudinov R.M.
Published: July 2018

Текстура поликристаллической фольги вольфрама и никеля изучалась с использованием параметрического рентгеновского излучения (PXR), генерируемого электронами с энергией 7 МэВ. Получены кривые качания PXR из кристаллографических плоскостей (200) для вольфрама и (220) для никеля. Приведено сравнение с аналогичными измерениями, полученными с использованием дифракции широкополосных рентгеновских лучей. Сравнение показало хорошее соответствие результатов, касающихся формы кривых качания и положения максимумов. Однако наблюдалось систематическое несоответствие в значении полного максимума полной ширины.
Xanthium Strumarium L. Bitkisi Yetiştirilerek Kadmiyum ile Kirlenmiş Toprakların Temizlenme Olanağının Araştırılması
Authors: Eren Abdullah
Published: July 2018

Endüstriyel faaliyetlerin gelişmeye başlaması, dünyadaki üretim ve tüketimin artması
ile beraber, çevresel kirlilikler içerisinde en önemli kirleticiler olarak
gösterilen ağır metaller gün geçtikçe artma eğilimi göstermektedir. Kirlenmiş
toprakların temizlenmesinde en ucuz ve çevre dostu yöntem bitki yetiştirilerek
kirleticilerin topraktan uzaklaştırılması yöntemi olan fitoremediasyondur. Bazı
yabancı otlar çevre koşullarına dayanıklılıkları ve bol yeşil aksama sahip
olmaları nedeniyle ağır metallerle kirlenmiş toprakların temizlenmesinde
kullanılabilirler. Bu çalışmada, kadmiyum (Cd) ile kirlenmiş topraklarda pıtrak
(Xanthium strumarium L.) bitkisi 6 hafta
boyunca kontrollü koşullarda yetiştirilerek Cd metalinin topraklardan
temizlenebilme olanakları araştırılmıştır. Denemede bitkilerin kontrole göre;
klorofil düzeyleri (alt yaprak:29.1-25.4 SPAD birimi ve üst yaprak:31.6-27.3
SPAD birimi), biyokütle üretimi (56.3-37.2 g bitki-1), ağır metal
alımı (0.08-74.9 µg bitki-1),
indirgenmiş glutatyon (GSH) (235-283 µg mL-1), makro [azot (N), fosfor
(P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca) ve magnezyum (Mg)] ve mikro [demir (Fe), çinko (Zn), bakır (Cu) ve
mangan (Mn)] besin elementi konsantrasyonları düşüş göstermiştir. Sonuçlar pıtrak (X. Strumarium L.) bitkisinin Cd ile kirlenmiş toprakların temizlenmesinde
kullanılabileceğini ve fitoremediasyon yöntemi için uygun olduğunu
göstermiştir.
FOMENTO DEL TRABAJO FUERA DEL AULA CON EVALUACIÓN ENTRE PARES Y TUTORÍAS INTEGRALES DE GRUPO
Authors: Castillo-Ruiz Francisco J. , Castro-García Sergio , Agüera-Vega Juan
Published: July 2018

Se parte de la detección de una serie de carencias en la adquisición de conocimientos en la asignatura Motores y Máquinas de 2.º curso del Grado en Ingeniería Agroalimentaria y del Medio Rural. Para dirigir y motivar al alumnado de cara a la superación de la asignatura se organizaron dos prácticas fuera del aula (P2 y P3), de la misma naturaleza que los tres tipos de ejercicios de examen (P1, P2 y P3). La corrección de las prácticas se hizo mediante evaluación por pares y posterior revisión del profesorado. La realización de las dos prácticas tuvo un seguimiento desigual, con una tasa de evaluación de 33 y 22 % respectivamente, mientras que la tasa de éxito fue muy elevada, 87 y 97 %. En cuanto a los resultados del examen, la tasa de evaluación fue del 59 y 55 %, y la tasa de éxito del 50 y 36 %, inferior a la registrada en las prácticas. Sin embargo la tasa de rendimiento fue similar entre el examen (30 - 20 %) y las prácticas (29 y 12 %). Los resultados de los exámenes del curso 2016/17 fueron mejores que en los exámenes del curso 2015/16, por lo tanto se ha cumplido el objetivo de mejorar el porcentaje de alumnos que superan la asignatura, mejorando o manteniendo el rendimiento. Por último, la tasa de evaluación no mostró un resultado satisfactorio en las prácticas, por lo que se hace necesario incidir entre el alumnado en la importancia de estas actividades.
ENJOYYOURLAB: UNA APP MÓVIL DE APOYO A LA DOCENCIA EN LOS LABORATORIOS DE INGENIERÍA HIDRÁULICA
Authors: González Perea Rafael , García Morillo Jorge , Rodríguez Díaz Juan Antonio , Camacho Poyato Emilio
Published: July 2018

EnjoyYourLAB es una aplicación móvil (APP)de apoyo a la docencia de las prácticas de laboratorio de Ingeniería Hidráulica La aplicación integra una recreación virtual de los laboratorios así como de los principales equipos que lo constituyen. A través de la App los alumnos tendrán acceso a la plataforma moodle, a las memorias de prácticas, material audiovisual e información técnica.
A systematic approach to 3D echocardiographic assessment of the aortic root
Authors: Hagendorff Andreas , Stoebe Stephan , Tayal Bhupendar
Published: July 2018

[first paragraph of article]Severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and/or severe abnormalities of the aortic root and the tubular ascending aorta (TAA) are indications for surgical treatment. The correct diagnosis, the choice of optimal treatment, as well as optimal timing of surgery, mainly depend on findings obtained by echocardiography - which is usually the initial diagnostic modality applied in clinical practice. Therefore, an appropriate morphological and functional quantification of the aortic valve (AV) and the aortic root complex is required. Aside from the need of standardization to provide a precise objective evaluation, the use of modern echocardiographic technologies - especially 3D-echocardiography -are less often implemented in clinical routine. The present manuscript focuses on the advantages of transthoracic and transesophageal 3D-echocardiography (TTE, TEE) for an improved assessment of the AV and the aortic root complex to provide accurate and comprehensive measurements for making the correct diagnosis and defining further therapeutic strategies.
ŞAİR HİLMİ ZİYA ÜLKEN VE UNUTULMUŞ DESTANSI ŞİİRLERİ
Authors: KILIÇARİSLAN Veli
Published: July 2018

Türk düşünce hayatının yetiştirdiği çok yönlü entelektüellerden biri olan Hilmi Ziya, sanata dair fikirlerini ortaya koyduğu estet tarafının yanında pratiğe yönelik çalışmalar da yapmıştır. Söz konusu çalışmalar arasında yaptığı resimleri, yazdığı romanları ve şiirleri göstermek mümkündür.Hilmi Ziya’nın saklı kalmış bu yönünü gün yüzüne çıkarmak için kaleme alınan bu çalışmada, sanata, şiire ve şaire yönelik düşüncelerinin yanı sıra yazmış olduğu şiirler arasından destanları yeniden yazma girişimlerine yönelik olanları, Hilmi Ziya’nın destanlara verdiği önem doğrultusunda incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Neticede Hilmi Ziya’nın şair kimliğinin boyutları görülmüş ve destansı şiirlerinin niteliği tartışılmıştır.
Recent Updates on Glucokinase Activators and Glucokinase Regulatory Protein Disrupters for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kaushik Aditi , Kaushik Manish
Published: July 2018

Introduction: The impairment of glucose metabolism leads to hyperglycemia and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Glucokinase enzyme is the key regulator of glucose homeostasis that catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in liver and pancreatic cells. In hepatocytes, GK controls the glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. The action of liver GK is controlled by Glucokinase Regulatory Protein (GKRP) partially. In fasting conditions the GKRP binds with GK and inactivate it from carbohydrate metabolism and serve as new target for treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, the GK activators as potential antidiabetic agents but results in increased risks of hypoglycemia.

Conclusion:

The allosteric inhibitors of the GK-GKRP interaction are coming as alternative agents that can mitigate the risk associated with GK activators. This review discusses the recent advances and current status of potential molecules targeted to GK activators and GK-GKRP disrupters.
Nanocellulose-based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
Authors: John Amalnath , Zhong Wen
Published: July 2018

Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks capable of absorbing and holding a large amount of water. They have a wide range of biomedical applications including drug carriers, biosensors, tissue scaffolds and wound dressings owning to their innate resemblance to the living tissue. Recently biodegradable and renewable natural polymers, especially nanocellulose, have gained immense attention in the development of hydrogels for biomedical applications. This review provides a brief analysis of the various nanocellulosic materials used in the fabrication of hydrogels for various biomedical applications. Recent developments in high performance hydrogels based on nanocellulose, including self-healing, highly tough and/or stretchable and 3D printable hydrogels will also be covered in this review.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus Among HIV Positive Patients in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Rasoolinejad Mehrnaz , Najafi Ehsan , Hadadi Azar , Najafi Masood , Kalantari Saeed , Moradmand-Badie Banafsheh , Tayeri Katayoun , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad
Published: July 2018

Background:

The introduction of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has resulted in the emergence of some metabolic complications including hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus among HIV positive patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus and their associated risk factors in HIV positive patients.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV positive patients who visited Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran (2004-2013). Medical records of patients were reviewed retrospectively. A logistic regression model was applied for analysis of the association between glycemic status and relevant risk factors.

Results:

Out of 480 patients who were included in this study, 267 (55.6%) had hyperglycemia, including 28 (5.8%) with diabetes mellitus and 239 (49.8%) with pre-diabetes. The higher frequency of hyperglycemia, was found to be significantly associated with older age (OR for patients ˃40 years old, 2.260; 95% CI, 1.491, 3.247), male gender (OR, 1.555; 95% CI, 1.047, 2.311), higher Body Mass Index (OR for patients with BMI˃25 Kg/m², 1.706; 95% CI, 1.149, 2.531) and prolonged duration of HIV infection (OR for patients with duration of HIV infection ≥60 months, 2.027; 95% CI, 1.372, 2.992).

Conclusion:

Hyperglycemia, especially pre-diabetes, is highly frequent among Iranian people living with HIV. Male gender, older age, prolonged duration of HIV infection, and higher BMI were associated with a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia. Hence, it is important to screen all HIV infected patients at the time of diagnosis and then periodically for hyperglycemia.
The Importance of the Time that Elapses Before Spontaneous Circulation is Established Following an Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Sakurai Atsushi , Kinoshita Kosaku , Utagawa Akira , Yamaguchi Junko , Furukawa Makoto , Noda Akihiro
Published: July 2018

Objective:

In order to clarify indications for therapeutic hypothermia, we retrospectively examined patients resuscitated after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) who recorded an Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) wave V according to the Utstein-style guidelines.

Methods:

Patients who recorded an ABR wave V immediately after resuscitation from OHCA were kept at 34 °C for 48 hours. The cohort was divided into two groups: A favorable neurological outcome group (F group: N=12) and an unfavorable neurological outcome group (U group: N=14). Favorable neurological outcome was defined as Pittsburgh Cerebral-Performance Scale (CPC) 1 or 2 and unfavorable as CPC 3-5. Data used to compare the groups included whether CA was witnessed, if a bystander initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation, presence of cardiac etiology, initial cardiac rhythm and elapsed time from emergency call receipt until Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC).

Results:

Elapsed time from receipt of the emergency call until ROSC was significantly shorter in the F group than in the U group. ROC curve analysis indicated that the cut-off duration was 28 minutes for a favorable neurological outcome.

Conclusion:

For OHCA patients with an ABR wave V, elapsed time from receipt of emergency call until ROSC may be an important parameter within the Utstein-style guidelines to determine the usefulness of therapeutic hypothermia.
The Association Between Negative Attributional Style and Working Memory Performance
Authors: Saylik Rahmi , Szameitat Andre J.
Published: July 2018

Introduction:

It has been proposed that negative attributions contribute to impairment in cognitive task processing. However, it is still unknown whether negative attributions influence task processing in all cognitive tasks.

Methods:

To investigate this, 91 healthy participants completed attributional style questionnaire and performed three Working Memory (WM) tasks, which associated with different functions of WM (i.e. Central Executive System (CES) and visuospatial sketchpad).

Results:

The results demonstrated that negative attributions contribute to the impairment in cognitive tasks which is associated with spatial working memory rather than main central executive functions (i.e. switching and inhibition).

Conclusions:

It is concluded that negative attributions may selectively disrupt spatial working memory functions, thus a detrimental effect of negative attributions may be task specific.
Why Watershed Analysts Should Use R for Data Processing and Analysis
Authors: Moore R.D. (Dan) , Hutchinson David
Published: July 2018

Both the science and practice associated with watershed management involve the processing, presentation and analysis of quantitative information. In this article, the use of open source programming languages by watershed analysts is advocated. The R language, in particular, provides a rich set of tools for the types of data that are commonly encountered in watershed analysis. The utility of R is illustrated through three examples: intensity-duration-frequency analysis of rainfall data, baseflow separation, and watershed delineation and mapping.
Efficient Semi-Distributed Hydrological Modelling Workflow for Simulating Streamflow and Characterizing Hydrologic Processes
Authors: Chernos Matthew , MacDonald Ryan , Craig James
Published: July 2018

Streamflow records are required for a wide range of industrial, environmental, and urban applications. However, the sparse coverage of hydrometric stations in western Canada, and their limited spatial and temporal representativeness, necessitate hydrologic regionalization methods to generate streamflow for a point of interest. Here, an efficient semi-distributed hydrological modelling workflow is presented which has modest data requirements, uses publicly available data sources, and applies free open-source software. The method is scalable, relies on few statistical assumptions, and is scientifically rigorous. In addition, the resultant model allows the ability to trace the primary contributors of streamflow in the region, and for the evaluation of future watershed hydrology due to environmental and climatic change.
Producción de la hormiga escamolera (Liometopum apiculatum Mayr 1870) y su hábitat en el Altiplano Potosino-Zacatecano, México.
Authors: Figueroa-Sandoval Benjamín , Ugalde Lezama Saúl , Pineda Pérez Francisco E. , Ramírez Valverde Gustavo , Figueroa Rodríguez Katia A. , Tarango Arámbula Luis Antonio
Published: July 2018

La hormiga escamolera (L. apiculatum Mayr) es importante económicamente para las comunidades rurales. En cuatro localidades del Altiplano Potosino-Zacatecano, durante la recolecta de escamoles 2010, se identificaron nidos de la hormiga escamolera, y se determinó su rendimiento, su relación con el hábitat y su tamaño poblacional de sus colonias. En los nidos registrados se evaluaron las variables: condición del nido, calidad del nido, cantidad de hormigas (escasa, regular y abundante), tipo de sustrato de anidación y rendimiento de escamol. La condición de nidos se comparó mediante Ãndices de Abundancia Relativa, Densidad Relativa. Para determinar la asociación entre la calidad del nido y la cantidad de hormigas se utilizaron las Frecuencias de Observación (FO) y tablas de contingencias independientes de c2. Para determinar el efecto del sustrato de anidación y el rendimiento del escamol (peso limpio en g) se realizó un ANOVA. Se registraron 77 nidos; la condición del nido que predominó fue la â€œperturbadaâ€ (79o%), con una densidad relativa promedio de 4.14 nidos km-1. Las FO y el análisis de cÂ² identificaron una mayor relación (3.47) entre una cantidad de hormigas escasa-mala calidad y una cantidad regular de hormigas-muy buena calidad (2.06) del nido (p=0.001999). El ANOVA identificó una relación entre el sustrato de anidación y el rendimiento de escamol (p=0.0013), con un mayor rendimiento en el sustrato de anidación nopal (36 %).
NANOPARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A NOVEL APPROACH
Authors: Ashara Kalpesh C. , Paun Jalpa S. , Soniwala M. M. , Chavada J. R. , Badjatiya J. K.
Published: July 2018

As because of several advantages over to the conventional drug delivery Nanosparticulate drug delivery prepared in several means by several ways of methods have several applications in different discipline of Pharmaceutical science. There are various parameters for Evaluation of Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery system so we can justified as nanoparticulate drug delivery system: a novel approach.
PATENT V/S MONOPOLY-A CASE STUDY
Authors: Meena Mahendra , Badjatya Jitendra Kumar
Published: July 2018

Provisions of Compulsory License balance this law between interest of Inventor & public as through these provisions License can be provided to others if the invention did not use sufficiently for Public.

In case of medicine this law remains in debate from its beginning as Drugs are essential & Life saving commodities & monopoly on drugs products can make them inaccessible to poor people.

Big Pharma players tries to extend monopoly on their patented products through subsequently filling frivolous Patents as report says that most of the Patents filed remain as minor modifications than any breakthrough invention. This practice doesn’t provide more new Drugs molecules which can help in fighting new form of disease, through this practice Pharma companies only tries to increase their profits.
TRIPS AND INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: Tannan S. K. , Badjatya J. K.
Published: July 2018

The TRIPs Agreement has led to a reinforcement of the protection of intellectual property, particularly in many developing countries. From the point of view of transfer of technology, the imitation of technologies from industrialized countries and the marketing of the resulting products will now be more difficult. The MNCs are also expanding vigorously in the generic segments. They are trying to grow not only organically, but through mergers and acquisitions and strategic alliance with Indian generic companies.

90% of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry was dominated by the Global companies that imported most of the drugs. During the early 1970s, the Indian players gradually gained prominence as a result of the Indian Patent Act, 1970 which allowed Indian companies to reverse engineer Patented Molecules and launched them in the domestic markets.
MARKETING AUTHORIZATION OF GENERIC DRUG: GLOBAL ISSUE AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Kashyap Pankaj , Duggal Eshant , Budhwar Parveen , Badjatya Jitendra Kumar
Published: July 2018

Generic medicines are those whose patent protection has expired, and which may be produced by manufacturers otherthan the innovator company. Use of generic medicines has been increasing in recent years, primarily as a cost savingmeasure in healthcare provision. Generic medicines are typically 20 to 90% cheaper than originator equivalents. Theobjective is to provide a high-level description of what generic medicines are and how they differ, at a regulatory andlegislative level, from originator medicines. It describes the current and historical regulation of medicines in theworld’s two main pharmaceutical markets, in addition to the similarities, as well as the differences, between genericsand their originator equivalents including the reasons for the cost differences seen between originator and genericmedicines. This article refers to the general generic drug approval process in India, USA, and Japan. They havedifferent regulation and approval process.
COMMON DEFICIENCIES RAISED BY VARIOUS REGULATORY AGENCIES
Authors: Mohidekar S. , Maharao V. , Badjatya J. K.
Published: July 2018

Timely Product registration is a challenge in today’s scenario. Regulatory agencies are keen in assessing CTD sections like redefining starting material of Drug substance manufacturing, Pharmaceutical development, impurities in Drug substance and Drug product, Container-closure. Common deficiencies are presented in this article.
CONCEPT OF 505 (b) (2) APPLICATION: BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: K. Chaitanya Prasad , M. Prabodh , S. Ashish , R Suthakaran
Published: July 2018

A 505(b) (2) application is a new drug application (NDA) delineated in section 505(b)(2) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.505(b)(2) application is one that one or a lot of the investigations relied upon by the applicant for approval "were not conducted by or for the applicant and has not obtained a right of reference or use from the person by or for whom the investigations were conducted. Section 505(b) (2) was added to FFDC Act by the Drug price competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (Hatch-Waxman Amendments). The applicant will depend on either revealed literature or agency’s findings of an antecedent approved drug. This approval route was designed to encourage innovation and to eliminate expensive and long duplicative clinical studies.
INDONESIAN PATENT SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: M. Prabodh , K. Chaitanya Prasad , S. Ashish , R. Suthakaran , K. Abhijit
Published: July 2018

Intellectual property protection is a one type of protection to the innovator from their creative efforts. On November 1, 1991, the Indonesian Parliament passed Law No. 6/1989 on Patents. The new law came into effect on August 1, 1991. The patenting system in Indonesia is discussed using some recent statistics and their fees, patent exclusivity, litigation, grace period. As of 1989, there have been over 13,000 applications for temporary patent registration, 96% of which were of foreign origins. None of the applications were denied, were ever granted because no patent Law existed. In this paper discussed brief introduction about Indonesia patent system.
A PRAGMATIC WAY TO SUSTAIN IN GENERIC PHARMA ENVIRONMENT: PLCM THROUGH REGULATORY STRATEGIES
Authors: S. Tripathy , N. Murthy P. , P. Patra B. , H. Dureja , Badjatya J. K.
Published: July 2018

Most thoughtful way to sustain in this competitive highly regulated Pharma generic industry environment is depended on understanding the concept of the product life cycle management (PLCM). Fact is a very less number of Pharma professionals have been familiarized them with this fascinating strategic concept. So, it’s the time now to convey that what does this PLCM means and how to put it into work. The objective of this article is to convey the use of PLCM as a strategic concept for enhancing drug’s sustainability in market for a long time, making better business decisions, enhancing profitability and finally delivering affordable, quality embedded generic drugs to customers. Also, in this manuscript an attempt has been made to compare corresponding regulatory agencies (US, EU, Canada and India) insights and view on preference of PLCM application. By careful analysis, it’s revealed that US provides most favourable environment to employ various PLCM strategies, wherein EU is equally good, nonetheless national polices could be a barrier, Canada is difficult to comprehend due to stringent laws and limited exclusivity and as of now India has least scope for PLCM application.
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY RP- HPLC
Authors: Patil Bhagyashree R. , Bhusnure O. G. , Paul B. N. , Ghodke A. Y. , Mulaje Suraj S.
Published: July 2018

A simple, specific, precise and accurate Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of Diltiazem Hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The chromatographic determination was performed on isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system of Agilent model no.1220. The separation was conducted by using column of Zorbax [C8 (5µ, 4.6 mm×250)] with mobile phase consisting of buffer and Acetonitrile in the ratio of (60:40). The mobile phase was delivered at the flow rate of 1.0ml/min. The eluent was monitored at wavelength 240 nm and found a sharp and symmetrical peak with retention time of 4.66min. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness. Recovery of Diltiazem Hydrochloride was found to be in the range of 98%-102%. The method was found to be linear over the concentration range 50-150 µg/ml with coefficient correlation r2 = 0.995. After developing method, validation parameters were carried out successfully and obtained results were complied with USP monograph.
A PARADIGM SHIFT IN DRUG REGULATIONS IN TAIWAN
Authors: Parasiya S.K.R , Balamuralidhara V , Kumar Pramod T.M. , Gujarati R , Shukla A , Kshatri V
Published: July 2018

Across Asia, a convergence of economic trends, government policies and greater awareness among the general public of healthcare issues has created an environment that is poised for dramatic growth and change. Taiwan, for instance, can be taken as an example. Taiwan has one of Asia's most highly-praised healthcare systems with excellent provision of healthcare and key health outcomes. Nevertheless, the government is facing new pressures for public healthcare reforms as result of a rapidly ageing population and rising healthcare costs. This paper provides an introductory overview of Taiwan’s sudden changes in its Drug regulations due to TFDA (The Taiwan Food and Drug Administration) establishment in 2010, TFDA of the Department of Health (DOH) made an advance announcement about the “amendment draft of the Provisions Governing the Registration and Market Approval of Drugs”, which amends a total of 40 Articles. Without impeding the quality, safety and therapeutic effect of Drugs, most of the amended Articles are about simplification of application procedures and loosening of regulations for Drug registration and market approval. Regulations loosened are imposed on new Drugs, Radioactive Drugs, Allergenic Drugs and Drugs for export that is intended to accelerate the process to sell new Drugs on the market and promote the export of domestically manufactured Drugs. As a result of these changes in regulations many pharmaceutical MNCs and local manufacturers explored their business in Taiwan due to quick approval of their NDAs and gained more flexibility in the local market. To support Taiwan's generic Drug industry, DOH has also decided to take measures to simplify and reduce the ANDA application time.
AN OVERVIEW OF CHINESE DRUG REGULATORY SYSTEM: A REVIEW
Authors: Nadipineni Ashok Kumar , G. Dileep K. , K. Ravindra C. , R. Suthakaran
Published: July 2018

The Drug regulatory authority of China was renewed from state pharmaceutical administration of China (SPAC) to state food and Drug administration (SFDA) with the announcement and declaration of Chinese ministry of health, the established regulatory standards of SFDA were keen to keep with international standards of EU, Japan and USA, the Drug registrations and Drug approvals are carried with established affiliated units for fast track evaluation within prescribed period ordered by SFDA, the state food and Drug administration is developed stringently and modified its standards according to the US healthcare regulatory system, in this review the permanently keeping standards of regulatory functions were detailed, and the untiring responsibilities of affiliated units of SFDA were to be recognized where their performance was a key aspect.
SELF-MEDICATION IN RELATION TO HEALTH LOCUS OF CONTROL
Authors: Dureja H. , , Anusha , Pandey P. , Badjatya J. K.
Published: July 2018

Present study was conducted to examine the association of self- medication and health locus of control. It was also intended to know the health problems for which people do self – medication and the medicines which are more often bought by those who do self-medication. Initially a sample of 200 persons was selected on non-random purposive sampling basis and all the people were asked whether they do self-medication? To this 56% of the respondents answered in yes and the rest said no. These one hundred and twelve participants were then administered a specially prepared checklist for self-medication and multidimensional health locus of control scale. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics. Multiple regressions were also used to identify the role of health locus of control in self- medication. Results revealed that health locus of control have a significant role in predicting self- medication.
PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: A REVIEW
Authors: Sharma Shrey , Bodla R. B. , S. Shweta , Pathak D. P.
Published: July 2018

ICH is “International Conference on Harmonization” of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use. The goal of ICH is to discuss and establish common guidelines by bringing together three ICH regions i.e. USA, Japan and EU and to make information available on ICH, its activities and guidelines. The guidelines have become more relevant for Generic’s Drug Approval. Drug Development and manufactures are more and more global. Harmonization is considered more important than ever, as it facilitates work sharing, efficient use of resources and access to medicines. The objective of harmonization is meant for economical use of human, animal and other resources and the elimination of unnecessary delay in the global development and of availability of new medicines whilst maintaining safeguards on quality, safety and efficacy.

The present discussion of the review is on ICH guidelines for quality control focussing mainly on Quality Risk Management (Q9). Quality control is a process that is used to ensure a certain level of quality in a product or service. It might include whatever action a business deems necessary to provide for the control and verification of certain characteristics of a product or service. Most often, it involves thoroughly examining and testing the quality of products or the results of services. The basic goal of this process is to ensure that the products or services that are provided meet specific requirements and characteristics, such as being dependable, satisfactory, safe and fiscally sound.

Quality risk management is a systematic process for the assessment, control, communication and review of risks to the quality of the drug product across the product lifecycle. Two primary principles of quality risk management are:

The evaluation of the risk to quality should be based on scientific knowledge and

Ultimately linked to the protection of the patient; and

The level of effort, formality, and documentation of the quality risk management process should be commensurate with the level of risk.
ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY: A REVOLUTIONIZED LC TECHNIQUE
Authors: Bhardwaj Shalini , A. Vandana , B. Vijay , Gupta Manish K.
Published: July 2018

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a major technique for qualitative and quantitative drug analysis. More than 90% of drugs prescribed in official pharmacopoeias are being analyzed HPLC. HPLC analyzes the drug content in a sample with high degree of accuracy and precision. Due to the stringent regulatory requirements the number of samples for drug content analysis has been increased significantly. Therefore, pharmaceutical industries need a fast, accurate and affordable method for drug content analysis. Here, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (U-PLC) offers an advancement of HPLC which is based on the principal of use of stationary phase consisting of particles less than 2μm. By using smaller particles; speed and peak capacity can be extended to new limits and the sample can be analyzes in a shorter period of time. It provides good resolution even for congeneric compounds. The present review discusses the various aspects of UPLC in pharmaceutical analysis.