bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-radiance phosphor-converted light sources for fluorescence analysis
Authors: Müller Jan , Ramsteiner Ingo B. , Fieß Reinhold , Neumann Cornelius
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Purpose

Laser-excited remote phosphor (LERP) light sources have gained significant importance in lighting and display applications due to their unique brightness and color-rendering qualities. In addition to their well-known advantages in these areas, we found that they also offer largely unexplored potential for sensor applications, such as quantitative fluorescence analysis. This potential is especially relevant when sophisticated optics operating under space and cost constraints require low-etendue sources with highly stable spectral properties. In this paper, we present an example of such an application. The purpose of our research is to assess currently available phosphor materials and design a light source to our particular reference application.

Methods

For this purpose, a characterization setup was developed that compares different phosphors excited by small laser spots, with diameters between 100 μm and 280 μm, in terms of emitted spectral radiance, incident laser power, and irradiance.

Results

The investigation identified two suitable phosphors, including a phosphor that addresses the gap in the blue and green wavelength ranges. Furthermore, the importance of small laser spots was demonstrated, which allows reducing the laser power to simplify light source design and reduce costs.

Discussion/Conclusion

This research proposes a functional set of phosphors for the abovementioned application and, at the same time, presents the current limitations of LERP light sources. We remain confident in the described application field for LERP sources and hope that the needs elaborated in this work will inspire further research and development of novel phosphor materials.
Demographic characteristics associated with a penicillin allergy label during pregnancy
Authors: Buckey Timothy M. , Gleeson Patrick K. , Curley Cara M. , Feldman Scott F. , Apter Andrea J. , Fadugba Olajumoke O.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics are used in greater than one-third of pregnant women as treatment for Group B Streptococcus colonization and prophylaxis for Caesarean sections. Penicillin allergy labels have been associated with increased morbidity in the pregnant population, and penicillin allergy evaluation during pregnancy is now recognized as safe and effective. Yet, demographic characteristics associated with having a penicillin allergy label during pregnancy have not been studied. We aimed to evaluate factors associated with having a penicillin allergy label in a diverse population of pregnant patients.

Methods

We performed a retrospective observational study of pregnant patients who had an outpatient visit with Obstetrics and Gynecology and a delivery encounter from 1/1/2020 through 6/30/2022 using electronic health record data in a large health system. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to evaluate factors associated with having a penicillin allergy label.

Results

We identified 10,969 pregnant women of whom 940 (8.6%) had a penicillin allergy label. In the multivariable analysis, having a penicillin allergy label was positively associated with age 32−34 years [odds ratio (OR) = 1.31 vs. 18−27 years, p = 0.02], 35−51 years (OR = 1.41 vs. 18−27 years, p = 0.002) and having rhinitis, asthma, or eczema (OR = 1.55 vs. none, p < 0.0005); and negatively associated with Black race (OR = 0.59 vs. White, p < 0.0005).

Discussion

This study found that Black race was associated with lower likelihood of penicillin allergy label, while older age and atopic conditions were associated with a higher likelihood. This finding may impact health outcomes and interventions related to penicillin allergy in pregnant women.
High-throughput platform for label-free sorting of 3D spheroids using deep learning
Authors: Sampaio da Silva Claudia , Boos Julia Alicia , Goldowsky Jonas , Blache Manon , Schmid Noa , Heinemann Tim , Netsch Christoph , Luongo Francesca , Boder-Pasche Stéphanie , Weder Gilles , Pueyo Moliner Alba , Samsom Roos-Anne , Marsee Ary , Schneeberger Kerstin , Mirsaidi Ali , Spee Bart , Valentin Thomas , Hierlemann Andreas , Revol Vincent
Published: December 2024

End-stage liver diseases have an increasing impact worldwide, exacerbated by the shortage of transplantable organs. Recognized as one of the promising solutions, tissue engineering aims at recreating functional tissues and organs in vitro. The integration of bioprinting technologies with biological 3D models, such as multi-cellular spheroids, has enabled the fabrication of tissue constructs that better mimic complex structures and in vivo functionality of organs. However, the lack of methods for large-scale production of homogeneous spheroids has hindered the upscaling of tissue fabrication. In this work, we introduce a fully automated platform, designed for high-throughput sorting of 3D spheroids based on label-free analysis of brightfield images. The compact platform is compatible with standard biosafety cabinets and includes a custom-made microscope and two fluidic systems that optimize single spheroid handling to enhance sorting speed. We use machine learning to classify spheroids based on their bioprinting compatibility. This approach enables complex morphological analysis, including assessing spheroid viability, without relying on invasive fluorescent labels. Furthermore, we demonstrate the efficacy of transfer learning for biological applications, for which acquiring large datasets remains challenging. Utilizing this platform, we efficiently sort mono-cellular and multi-cellular liver spheroids, the latter being used in bioprinting applications, and confirm that the sorting process preserves viability and functionality of the spheroids. By ensuring spheroid homogeneity, our sorting platform paves the way for standardized and scalable tissue fabrication, advancing regenerative medicine applications.
Is it green? Designing a blockchain-based certification system for the EU hydrogen market
Authors: Schmid Jonathan , Ubacht Jolien , van Engelenburg Selinde , van Oudheusden Jan , Chappin Emile
Published: December 2024

Energy production and consumption are major contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, exacerbating one of the greatest challenges faced by modern societies: climate change. Thus, societies must switch to more sustainable energy sources. Green hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative energy carrier, facilitating storage and utilization across various industries. However, amidst different production processes, solely sustainable electrolysis stands out as an environmentally benign production method. Hydrogen producers must prove provenance and sustainable production to regulatory bodies and hydrogen buyers to comply with the regulations for sustainable development. Blockchain provides a viable solution encompassing trustworthy and secure information sharing between untrusted partners. In this article, we employ a design science research approach to develop a blockchain-based certification system (BLC-CS) for green hydrogen. Through collaboration with experts to gather requirements and conduct evaluations, we design an artifact that streamlines the certification process for producers, regulators, and consumers. Our proposed solution facilitates information gathering, verification, and reporting, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy practices. We provide a comprehensive discussion of the BLC-CS’s feasibility for green hydrogen certification, including technical extensions, recommendations for practitioners, and directions for future research.
Progress in the pathogenic mechanism, histological characteristics of hereditary dentine disorders and clinical management strategies
Authors: Xue Qing , Wu Zhina , Zhao Yinuo , Wei Xiaoxi , Hu Min
Published: December 2024

Hereditary dentine disorders are autosomal dominant diseases that affect the development and structure of dentine, leading to various dental abnormalities and influencing the individual’s oral health. It is generally classified as dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) and dentine dysplasia (DD). Specifically, DGI is characterized by the abnormal formation of dentine, resulting in teeth that are discolored, translucent, and prone to fracture or wear down easily. DD is characterized by abnormal dentine development, manifested as teeth with short roots and abnormal pulp chambers, leading to frequent tooth loss. Up to now, the pathogenesis of hereditary dentine disorders has been poorly clarified and the clinical intervention is limited. Treatment for hereditary dentine disorders focuses on managing the symptoms and preventing further dental problems. Genetic counseling and testing may also be recommended as these conditions can be passed on to future generations. In this review, we summarize the clinical features, pathogenic genes, histomorphological characteristics and therapy of hereditary dentine disorders. Due to the limited understanding of the disease at present, we hope this review could improve the recognition of the disease by clinicians, stimulate more scholars to further study the deeply detailed mechanisms of the disease and explore potential therapeutic strategies, thus achieving effective, systematic management of the disease and improving the life quality of patients.
Somatic piRNA and PIWI-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation in stem cells and disease
Authors: Patel Mahammed Zaid , Jiang Yuguan , Kakumani Pavan Kumar
Published: December 2024

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that bind to the PIWI subclass of the Argonaute protein family and are essential for maintaining germline integrity. Initially discovered in Drosophila, PIWI proteins safeguard piRNAs, forming ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, crucial for regulating gene expression and genome stability, by suppressing transposable elements (TEs). Recent insights revealed that piRNAs and PIWI proteins, known for their roles in germline maintenance, significantly influence mRNA stability, translation and retrotransposon silencing in both stem cells and bodily tissues. In the current review, we explore the multifaceted roles of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in numerous biological contexts, emphasizing their involvement in stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and the development of human diseases. Additionally, we discussed the up-and-coming animal models, beyond the classical fruit fly and earthworm systems, for studying piRNA-PIWIs in self-renewal and cell differentiation. Further, our review offers new insights and discusses the emerging roles of piRNA-dependent and independent functions of PIWI proteins in the soma, especially the mRNA regulation at the post-transcriptional level, governing stem cell characteristics, tumor development, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
Deciphering hematopoietic stem cell development: key signaling pathways and mechanisms
Authors: Morino-Koga Saori , Yokomizo Tomomasa
Published: December 2024

Most blood cells derive from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), originating from endothelial cells. The induction of HSCs from endothelial cells occurs during mid-gestation, and research has revealed multiple steps in this induction process. Hemogenic endothelial cells emerge within the endothelium, transition to hematopoietic cells (pre-HSCs), and subsequently mature into functional HSCs. Reports indicate transcription factors and external signals are involved in these processes. In this review, we discuss the timing and role of these transcription factors and summarize the external signals that have demonstrated efficacy in an in vitro culture. A precise understanding of the signals at each step is expected to advance the development of methods for inducing HSCs from pluripotent stem cells.
The role of ferroptosis-related non-coding RNA in liver fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Guozhu , Wu Kejia , Jiang Xiaobo , Gao Yuan , Ding Dong , Wang Hao , Yu Chongyuan , Wang Xiaozhong , Jia Naixin , Zhu Li
Published: December 2024

Liver fibrosis represents a reversible pathophysiological process, caused by chronic inflammation stemming from hepatocyte damage. It delineates the initial stage in the progression of chronic liver disease. This pathological progression is characterized by the excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which leads to significant structural disruption and ultimately impairs liver function. To date, no specific antifibrotic drugs have been developed, and advanced liver fibrosis remains largely incurable. Liver transplantation remains the sole efficacious intervention for advanced liver fibrosis; nevertheless, it is constrained by exorbitant costs and the risk of postoperative immune rejection, underscoring the imperative for novel therapeutic strategies. Ferroptosis, an emergent form of regulated cell death, has been identified as a pivotal regulatory mechanism in the development of liver fibrosis and is intricately linked with the progression of liver diseases. Recent investigations have elucidated that a diverse array of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are involved in the ferroptosis pathway, thereby modulating the progression of various diseases, including liver fibrosis. In recent years, the roles of ferroptosis and ferroptosis-related ncRNAs in liver fibrosis have attracted escalating scholarly attention. This paper elucidates the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis, explores the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, and delineates the involvement of ncRNA-mediated ferroptosis pathways in the pathology of liver fibrosis. It aims to propose novel strategies for the prevention and therapeutic intervention of liver fibrosis.
Epidemiological, molecular, and evolutionary characteristics of G1P[8] rotavirus in China on the eve of RotaTeq application
Authors: Peng Rui , Wang Mengxuan , Shahar Saleha , Xiong Guangping , Zhang Qing , Pang Lili , Wang Hong , Kong Xiangyu , Li Dandi , Duan Zhaojun
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study, conducted in China prior to RotaTeq’s launch, examined the epidemiological, molecular, and evolutionary features of the G1P[8] genotype RVA in children admitted with diarrhea, to aid in evaluating its efficacy and impact on G1P[8] RVA in China.

Methods

Data from the Chinese viral diarrhea surveillance network were collected from January 2016 to December 2018. RVA strains identified as the G1P[8] genotype were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Neutralizing epitope, amino acid selection pressure, and evolution dynamics analyses on VP7 and VP4 were performed using BioEdit v.7.0.9.0 and PyMOL v.2.5.2, four algorithms (MEME, SLAC, FEL, and FUBAR) in the Datamonkey online software, and the MCMC model in BEAST v. 1.10.4, respectively. Phylogenetic and identity features of 11 genes were assessed by DNAStar and MEGA v.7.

Results

Results showed that the detection rate of G1P[8] in China from 2016 to 2018 was generally low with significant seasonality. The whole genome of G1P[8] of four 2016 childhood diarrhea specimens was successfully sequenced. Phylogenetic and neutralizing epitope analysis showed that Rotavin-M1 might have better protection on G1P[8] prevalent in China than Rotarix and RotaTeq. Two conserved N-glycosylation sites on VP7 of Chinese G1P[8] might affect the protective effect of the vaccine. Evolution rate and selection pressure analysis identified the possibility of rapidly evolving and adapting to the new environment introduced by vaccines of G1P[8], whereas positive selection specific to VP4 indicated the potential tendency to select for dominant traits. Identity and phylogeny analysis showed that Chinese G1P[8] from before 2018 was generally stable with possible genetic recombination among local strains.

Discussion

These findings not only are of great significance for predicting the prevalence of G1P [8] in China, but also provide data reference for evaluating rotavirus vaccine efficacy.
Measuring the empathy levels among pharmacy students: a journey toward enhancing effective communication and understanding in the pharmacist-patient relationship
Authors: Ahmad Alhareth , Nassar Razan I. , Thiab Samar , Alostath Mohammad , Aldarawish Rania , Ramahi Sofiyan Mohd , Abed Anas , Assiri Ahmad A.
Published: December 2024

Background

Empathy is an essential skill for healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, because it improves person-centered care and treatment outcomes. Measuring the level of empathy among pharmacy students gives an understanding and insight into their readiness for incorporating a person-centered practice in their future work. This study aimed to assess empathy levels among Jordanian pharmacy students and explore the factors influencing these levels.

Methods

A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey was conducted among currently enrolled pharmacy students from various academic years at both public and private Jordanian universities. The survey consisted of three sections; demographics, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to identify pharmacy students’ empathy level, and items specifically related to the pharmacist-patient relationship. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software. Multiple linear regression was used to reveal the factors affecting students’ empathy.

Results

A total of 396 pharmacy students participated in the current study, with a mean age of 21.65 years (SD = 2.865), and about three-quarters were female (73.5%). The mean IRI score for the students was 70.89 (SD = 12.82), with subscale means as follows: perspective-taking (18.52), fantasy (17.05), empathic concern (20.16), and personal distress (15.16). Students’ age, gender, awareness of the term empathy, and studying empathy at universities were among the factors that significantly affected the students’ empathy scores.

Conclusion

The present study reveals moderate empathy levels among Jordanian pharmacy students and sheds light on an understudied aspect within the pharmacy practice in Jordan. Significant demographic and educational factors affected the pharmacy students’ empathy levels. Incorporating empathy education in pharmacy curricula can better prepare pharmacy students for person-centered care.
SMOC2, OGN, FCN3, and SERPINA3 could be biomarkers for the evaluation of acute decompensated heart failure caused by venous congestion
Authors: Yu Yiding , Yuan Huajing , Han Quancheng , Shi Jingle , Liu Xiujuan , Xue Yitao , Li Yan
Published: December 2024

Background

Venous congestion (VC) sets in weeks before visible clinical decompensation, progressively increasing cardiac strain and leading to acute heart failure (HF) decompensation. Currently, the field lacks a universally acknowledged gold standard and early detection methods for VC.

Methods

Using data from the GEO database, we identified VC's impact on HF through key genes using Limma and STRING databases. The potential mechanisms of HF exacerbation were explored via GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Diagnostic genes for acute decompensated HF were discovered using LASSO, RF, and SVM-REF machine learning algorithms, complemented by single-gene GSEA analysis. A nomogram tool was developed for the diagnostic model's evaluation and application, with validation conducted on external datasets.

Results

Our findings reveal that VC influences 37 genes impacting HF via 8 genes, primarily affecting oxygen transport, binding, and extracellular matrix stability. Four diagnostic genes for HF's pre-decompensation phase were identified: SMOC2, OGN, FCN3, and SERPINA3. These genes showed high diagnostic potential, with AUCs for each gene exceeding 0.9 and a genomic AUC of 0.942.

Conclusions

Our study identifies four critical diagnostic genes for HF's pre-decompensated phase using bioinformatics and machine learning, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms through which VC worsens HF. It offers a novel approach for clinical evaluation of acute decompensated HF patient congestion status, presenting fresh insights into its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
Interleukin-6 and thyroid-stimulating hormone index predict plaque stability in carotid artery stenosis: analyses by lasso-logistic regression
Authors: Zhigao Li , Jiabo Qin , Lei Zheng , Tong Qiao
Published: December 2024

Objective

To develop and validate a new prediction model based on the Lass-logistic regression with inflammatory serologic markers for the assessment of carotid plaque stability, providing clinicians with a reliable tool for risk stratification and decision-making in the management of carotid artery disease.

Methods

In this study, we retrospectively collected the data of the patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) from 2019 to 2023 in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Demographic characteristics, vascular risk factors, and the results of preoperative serum biochemistry were measured and collected. The risk factors for vulnerable carotid plaque were analyzed. A Lasso-logistic regression prediction model was developed and compared with traditional logistic regression models. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) were used to evaluate the performance of three models.

Results

A total of 131 patients were collected in this study, including 66 (50.4%) in the vulnerable plaque group and 65 (49.6%) in the stable plaque group. The final Lasso-logistic regression model included 4 features:IL-6, TSH, TSHI, and TT4RI; AIC = 161.6376, BIC = 176.0136, both lower than the all-variable logistic regression model (AIC = 181.0881, BIC = 261.5936), and the BIC was smaller than the stepwise logistic regression model (AIC = 154.024, BIC = 179.9007). Finally, the prediction model was constructed based on the variables screened by the Lasso regression, and the model had favorable discrimination and calibration.

Conclusions

The noninvasive prediction model based on IL-6 and TSHI is a quantitative tool for predicting vulnerable carotid plaques. It has high diagnostic efficacy and is worth popularizing and applying.
Dust concentration distribution and analysis of influencing factors in the heading face of Shangwan coal mine
Authors: Li Yufu , Wang Jie , Li Zhibin , Mo Haitao
Published: December 2024

Dust concentration in coal mine roadways significantly affects worker safety and health. Effective dust control is critical for optimizing the mine ventilation system and creating a safer working environment. This study investigates the impact of ventilation duct arrangements on dust concentration in a heading face, aiming to identify the optimal configurations for minimizing dust levels and enhancing worker safety. Using numerical simulations based on the gas-solid two-phase flow model in Fluent, we analyzed the effects of varying duct outlet distances and heights on airflow patterns and dust dispersion. Mesh generation, grid independence verification, and detailed parameter settings ensured accuracy and reliability of the simulation results. Results indicate that positioning the duct outlet 8 m from the heading face reduces dust concentration to approximately 39 mg/m³, while setting the duct height at 1.5 m notably decreases dust levels in the worker breathing zone. A mesh density of 576,449 cells ensured convergence and computational efficiency with an error margin within 2%. The findings provide practical insights into ventilation system optimization for coal mine heading faces, contributing to improved occupational health and operational safety. Future research should focus on validating these results through field experiments and addressing complex real-world conditions.
The Okanagan Charter to improve wellbeing in higher education: shifting the paradigm
Authors: Ginter Peter M. , Kennedy Rebecca , Erwin Paul C. , Reed Wendy
Published: December 2024

There is a growing trend among US universities and colleges to become Health Promoting Universities (HPUs) and adopt the Okanagan Charter. This trend is based on the aspirations of these universities and colleges to infuse health into everyday operations and improve the wellbeing of people, places and the planet. As university and colleges adopt the Okanagan Charter there is little guidance on how to think about wellbeing and address the social and planet determinants of health on a university campus. In addition, there is a need to understand the strategies of HPUs and how they differ compared to current activities of schools or programs of public health and medical centers already focused on improving health and wellness. HPUs will be a driving force for campus public health and improvements in wellbeing as additional higher education institutions move in this direction.
The motivations and challenges for academic expatriates in international branch campuses
Authors: Yao Yao , Yang Zhi
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Understanding the motivations and challenges experienced by academic expatriates on international branch campuses is critical for enhancing their support and management. By analyzing the motivations and challenges, the study aims to provide more understanding on management strategies of branch campuses to support expatriates in their career development and improve institutional practices.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing 16 studies published from 2014 onwards, using PRISMA guidelines to categorize expatriate motivations and challenges.

Results

Motivations were classified into five types: explorer, refugee, mercenary, architect, and family-oriented. Key challenges identified were rooted in balancing global integration with local responsiveness, concerning professional work, campus interactions, and career development.

Discussion

The findings highlight the need for targeted management strategies to improve the recruitment, integration, and retention of academic expatriates. The study also underscores the importance of longitudinal research to understand the long-term impacts of expatriation on individuals and institutions, contributing to the broader discourse on transnational higher education.
Exploring the role of NLRP3 infalmmasome in diabetes: a literature review and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Tan Yi , Chen Shaotao , Gao Tianjiao , Wang Sixian , Zhou Xinfeng , Liu Mingjun
Published: December 2024

Background

Diabetes has emerged as the foremost public health challenge of the 21st century, with a notable shift towards managing it through an inflammatory lens. This study seeks to investigate the role of NLRP3 infalmmasome in diabetes over the past ten years, leveraging bibliometric analysis to pinpoint prevailing trends, underscore critical focal points, and establish a roadmap for subsequent research endeavors.

Method

A literature search was conducted based on the SCI-E database, and all recorded results were downloaded in plain text format for subsequent analysis. The analysis was carried out using Vosviewer1.6.18, citespace6.3R1, and Microsoft Excel 2021 software, focusing on the following terms: country, institution, author, journal, references, and keywords.

Results

From January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023, a total of 1373 articles were retrieved, with China, the United States, and Italy contributing the majority of records. Harbin Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, and Central South University stand as the top three most productive institutions. “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” leads the way with the highest number of publications, closely followed by “Frontiers in Immunology” and “Frontiers in Pharmacology.” Authors Wang Wei boast the most publications, closely followed by Li Xiang and Wang Yan. Within the superimposed keyword network, four primary clusters emerge: (1) exploring the link between NLRP3 infalmmasome and inflammatory diseases like diabetes; (2) investigating the cellular-level pathogenesis of diabetes-related conditions; (3) examining diabetes characteristics and associated suppression techniques; (4) studying cell morphology alterations, including pyroptosis. Over the past five years, key topics in this field have revolved around the “heart”, “damage”, “caspase 1 activation”, “NLRP3”, and “diabetic kidney disease”.

Conclusion

This paper has identified the hot spots and trends concerning the role of NLRP3 infalmmasome in diabetes, thereby providing a valuable reference for future research. Furthermore, it is anticipated that pyroptosis and diabetes-related diseases will become frontier research topics that may garner significant attention in the coming years.
Four new genome sequences of the Pallas’s cat (Otocolobus manul): an insight into the patterns of within-species variability
Authors: Bubenikova Jana , Plasil Martin , Burger Pamela A. , Horin Petr
Published: December 2024

Manul (Otocolobus manul) is the only representative of the genus Otocolobus, which makes up the Leopard Cat lineage along with the genus Prionailurus. Their habitat is characterized by harsh environmental conditions. Although their populations are probably more stable than previously thought, it is still the case that their population size is declining. Conservation programs exist to protect manuls, but those based on captive breeding are often unsuccessful due to their increased susceptibility to diseases. The manul is therefore a suitable model species for evolutionary and diversity studies as well as for studying mechanisms of adaptation to harsh environment and mechanisms of susceptibility to diseases. Recently, the genome of the O. manul based on nanopore long-range sequencing has been published. Aiming to better understand inter- and intraspecific variation of the species, we obtained information on genome sequences of four other manuls, based on whole genome resequencing via the Illumina platform. On average, we detected a total of 3,636,571 polymorphic variants. Information on different types of structural variants and on the extent of SNP homozygosity, not available from the reference genome, was retrieved. The average whole-genome heterozygosity was almost identical to that found in the O. manul reference genome. In this context, we performed a more detailed analysis of the candidate gene EPAS1 potentially related to adaptation to the hypoxic environment. This analysis revealed both inter- and intraspecific variation, confirmed the presence of a previously described non-synonymous substitution in exon 15 unique to manuls and identified three additional unique non-synonymous substitutions located in so far not analyzed EPAS1 exonic sequences. The analysis of lncRNA located in the intron 7 of EPAS1 revealed interspecific variability and monomorphic nature of the sequence among analyzed manuls. The data obtained will allow more detailed analyses of the manul genome, focusing on genes and pathways involved in their adaptation to the environment and in susceptibility to diseases. This information can be helpful for optimizing conservation programs for this understudied species.
Gender-specific association of STON2 rs2371597 polymorphism in keratoconus patients of Saudi origin
Authors: Kondkar Altaf A. , Sultan Tahira , Azad Taif A. , Khatlani Tanvir , Lobo Glenn P. , Kalantan Hatem , Al-Obeidan Saleh A. , Al-Muammar Abdulrahman M.
Published: December 2024

Objective

To investigate the association of specific genetic polymorphisms (rs2371597 in STON2, rs11720822 in PDIA5, rs387907358 in WNT1, and rs77542162 in ABCA6) in a Saudi cohort of keratoconus (KC) patients compared to controls.

Methods

A retrospective case-control genetic association study was conducted. The study included 99 KC patients and 193 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR with TaqMan assays. Associations between genetic polymorphisms and KC were assessed using various genetic models and binary logistic regression analysis.

Results

None of the tested polymorphisms showed an overall association with KC risk. Specifically, the rs2371597 polymorphism in STON2 did not demonstrate a significant association with KC risk across different genetic models. However, a gender-specific effect of rs2371597 was noted: in men, the C/G genotype was associated with a higher risk of KC, particularly in the dominant model, while no significant association was observed in women. Age and sex were identified as significant predictors of KC risk, but rs2371597 did not significantly affect KC risk in regression analysis.

Conclusion

Preliminary evidence suggests a gender-specific effect of the rs2371597 polymorphism in STON2, with an increased KC risk associated with C/G-C/C genotypes in men which was age-dependent. This result highlights the importance of considering population-specific genetic factors and the potential gender-specific effects on KC susceptibility. However, these findings need further validation with larger age- and sex-matched samples of diverse populations.
Access to maternity waiting home services and its determinants among women in Ethiopia: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Authors: Hidoto Kassahun Tafesse , Gidebo Kassa Daka , Koyira Mengistu Meskele , Domínguez Maria Luisa Guillén
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Globally, maternal mortality is a major public health problem mainly due to a lack of access to skilled care during childbirth. Maternity waiting homes (MWHs) play a critical role in accessing emergency obstetric care for pregnant women during childbirth. However, available studies show inconsistent findings about women's utilization of maternity waiting homes. Therefore, the aim of this review was to identify the pooled prevalence of women's utilization of maternity waiting homes and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Method

We used the PRISMA guidelines to report the review. We searched for potentially eligible studies in Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google using Medical Subject Heading terms and keywords. The retrieved articles were screened and assessed for quality. The heterogeneity across studies was checked using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics. The pooled levels of women's utilization and associated factors were analyzed using meta-analysis. The publication bias was measured using the funnel plot and Egger's test. The subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were carried out to identify the studies with high effects.

Results

A total of 11 eligible studies with 11,784 study participants were included. The utilization of MWHs was in the range of 7%–42.5%. The pooled estimate of women's utilization of maternity waiting homes was 22.49%. Factors associated with utilization included women's decision-making power, access to transport, walking distance to the nearest facility, and having a companion.

Conclusion and recommendation

The overall prevalence of maternity waiting home utilization in Ethiopia is low, with significant variation across regions. Health sector program administrators should focus on both the consumer and healthcare system.

Systematic Review Registration

The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (number CRD42021243526).
Booster COVID-19 mRNA vaccination ameliorates impaired B-cell but not T-cell responses in older adults
Authors: Kometani Kohei , Yorimitsu Takaaki , Jo Norihide , Yamaguchi Erina , Kikuchi Osamu , Fukahori Masaru , Sawada Takeshi , Tsujimoto Yoshitaka , Sunami Ayana , Li Mengqian , Ito Takeshi , Pretemer Yann , Gao Yuxian , Hidaka Yu , Yamamoto Masaki , Kaku Natsuko , Nakagama Yu , Kido Yasutoshi , Grifoni Alba , Sette Alessandro , Nagao Miki , Morita Satoshi , Nakajima Takako E. , Muto Manabu , Hamazaki Yoko
Published: December 2024

Age-associated differences in the effect of repetitive vaccination, particularly on memory T-cell and B-cell responses, remain unclear. While older adults (aged ≥65 years) exhibited enhanced IgG responses following COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination, they produced fewer spike-specific circulating follicular helper T cells-1 than younger adults. Similarly, the cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell response remained diminished with reduced PD-1 expression even after booster vaccination compared with that in younger adults, suggesting impaired memory T-cell activation in older adults. In contrast, although B-cell responses in older adults were weaker than those in younger adults in the primary response, the responses were significantly enhanced upon booster vaccination, reaching levels comparable with that observed in younger adults. Therefore, while booster vaccination ameliorates impaired humoral immunity in older adults by efficiently stimulating memory B-cell responses, it may less effectively enhance T-cell-mediated cellular immunity. Our study provides insights for the development of effective therapeutic and vaccine strategies for the most vulnerable older population.
Crosstalk between periodontitis and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Schulze-Späte Ulrike , Wurschi Ludwig , van der Vorst Emiel P. C. , Hölzle Frank , Craveiro Rogerio B. , Wolf Michael , Noels Heidi
Published: December 2024

Recent demographic developments resulted in an aged society with a rising disease burden of systemic and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In cardiovascular disease (CVD), a NCD with high morbidity and mortality, recent preventive strategies include the investigation of comorbidities to reduce its significant economic burden. Periodontal disease, an oral bacterial-induced inflammatory disease of tooth-supporting tissue, is regulated in its prevalence and severity by the individual host response to a dysbiotic oral microbiota. Clinically, both NCDs are highly associated; however, shared risk factors such as smoking, obesity, type II diabetes mellitus and chronic stress represent only an insufficient explanation for the multifaceted interactions of both disease entities. Specifically, the crosstalk between both diseases is not yet fully understood. This review summarizes current knowledge on the clinical association of periodontitis and CVD, and elaborates on how periodontitis-induced pathophysiological mechanisms in patients may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk with focus on atherosclerosis. Clinical implications as well as current and future therapy considerations are discussed. Overall, this review supports novel scientific endeavors aiming at improving the quality of life with a comprehensive and integrated approach to improve well-being of the aging populations worldwide.
Case report: Therapeutic response of front-line cadonilimab plus chemotherapy on patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma harboring STK11 genetic aberration
Authors: Feng Du , Jiang Huixin , Chen Gengjia , Guan Wenhui , Yi Lin , Zhu Yue , Li Yijia , Huang Gengda , He Bin , Tang Junlong , Tang Yujie , Zeng Jiyuan , Zhou Wensheng , Shi Jiayu , Xie Zhanhong , Liu Ming , Xie Xiaohong , Lin Xinqing , Zhou Chengzhi
Published: December 2024

The STK11 gene mutation is a common genetic alteration in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is significantly associated with poor responses to current immunotherapy regimens. Despite its prevalence, there is currently no established standard for front-line treatment in this subtype of NSCLC, underscoring the increasing need for personalized therapeutic strategies. In this report, we present a case of a patient with STK11-mutant NSCLC who was treated with first-line cadonilimab (10mg/kg) in combination with pemetrexed (500mg/m^2) plus carboplatin (AUC=5), resulting in a notable extension of progression-free survival (PFS). This case highlights the potential efficacy and feasibility of combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy in patients with STK11-mutant NSCLC. Additionally, we provide a review of recent advancements in research related to STK11 mutations in lung cancer as reported in the literature.
What immunology has to say about pesticide safety
Authors: Friedrich Adrián David , Zwirner Norberto Walter
Published: December 2024

The use of pesticides has enabled the development of contemporary industrial agriculture and significantly increased crop yields. However, they are also considered a source of environmental pollution and a potential hazard to human health. Despite national agencies and the scientific community analyzing pesticide safety, immunotoxicity assays are often not required, poorly designed, or underestimated. Epidemiological evidence indicates that pesticide exposure increases the risk of developing cancer. Therefore, pesticides may not only act as carcinogens per se but also as immunosuppressive agents that create a permissive context for tumor development. Given recent evidence demonstrating the critical role of the immune response in cancer progression, we will highlight the necessity of assessing the potential impacts of pesticides on the immune response, particularly on tumor immunosurveillance. In this Perspective article, we will focus on the need to critically review fundamental aspects of toxicological studies conducted on pesticides to provide a clearer understanding of the risks associated with exposure to these compounds to human health.
Quasi-harmonic analysis of fortnightly suspended sediment response to semi-diurnal tidal currents
Authors: Zhu Zichen , Liang Bingchen , Chen Bin , Yang Bo , Chi Wanqing , Xu Hao , Hu Zejian
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is an important consideration in marine engineering. Sediment movement characteristics can be studied by considering the fortnightly behavior of SSC. However, this consideration currently lacks accurate mathematical representation.

Method

In this study, a computationally efficient mathematical model capable of providing analytical solutions for predicting SSC based on resuspension, deposition, and advection was developed to further investigate the mathematical interpretation of fortnightly SSC behavior in coastal areas dominated by M2, S2, O1, K1, M4 and MS4 tides. The model decomposed the SSC into 35 quasi-harmonic terms as well as two terms with fortnightly period.

Result

The model was applied at five observation sites in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea, China, and validated to be able to reproduce the fortnightly variation of SSC. The results show that the primary fortnightly SSC term was generated by the combined action of M2 and S2 tidal currents and had a tidal frequency of 1.0159 °/h, which was equal to the difference between the frequencies of the two partial tides.

Discussion

The resuspension properties only affected the amplitude of the fortnightly SSC term but did not affect the phase. The deposition properties affected both amplitude and phase. The quasi-harmonic analysis indicates that in certain shallow sea areas with strong nonlinear tidal interactions, the amplitude of the M4 tidal elevation can influence the mean SSC, while the amplitude of the MS4 tidal elevation can affect the fortnightly SSC amplitude. As the simplified model is based on certain assumptions, the application conditions of the quasi-harmonic analytical solution include an approximate reciprocating flow pattern, a tidal range significantly smaller than the water depth. Our results provide a mathematical solution for the fortnightly evolution of suspended sediment.
Case report: Primary infection of conjunctival histoplasmosis mimicking a large conjunctival neoplasm in an immunosuppressed patient
Authors: Lam Jonathan , Hussain Rumana , Coupland Sarah E. , Heimann Heinrich
Published: December 2024

We report a rare case of a rapidly growing and large conjunctival histoplasmosis lesion in an immunosuppressed West African woman in her 80s, affecting her only eye. The patient had undergone a renal transplant and was on immunosuppressive medications. Additionally, she had previously been treated for presumed systemic histoplasmosis with itraconazole more than 5 years ago. Despite receiving previous treatment, she presented with a large conjunctival lesion, which was confirmed to be histoplasmosis after an excisional biopsy. The lesion was observed to grow over a 2-week period, causing significant visual impairment. Following a comprehensive systems review and investigation, the conjunctiva was identified as the sole site of infection. This case underscores the rarity of sight-threatening Histoplasma infections in the conjunctiva of an immunosuppressed individual. Conjunctival histoplasmosis lesions are rarely reported, with even fewer cases documented as primarily originating from this location.
Combined effect of Tetracycline compounds and essential oils on antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica isolated from the swine food chain
Authors: Maggio Francesca , Lauteri Carlotta , Rossi Chiara , Ferri Gianluigi , Serio Annalisa , Vergara Alberto , Paparella Antonello
Published: December 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses risks for food stakeholders because of the spread of resistant microbes and potential foodborne diseases. In example, pigs may carry Salmonella strains, which can infect humans through contaminated food preparations. Due to their antibacterial properties and capacity to modulate bacterial drug resistance, essential oils (EOs) are attracting interest as prospective substitutes for synthetic antimicrobials which can help to reverse microbial resistance. Hence, the present study evaluates the antimicrobial effectiveness of the combination of tetracycline (Tc) compounds and Coridothymus capitatus (CC), Thymus capitatus L. (TC), and Thymus serpyllum (TS) EOs on 11 tetracycline-resistant Salmonella enterica strains isolated from the swine food chain. The kind of interaction between Tc and EOs was evaluated by Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI), while the composition of the EOs phytocomplex was linked to Tc antibacterial activity by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Interestingly, the EOs increased the strains susceptibility to Tc, inhibiting their growth despite the antimicrobial resistance. In most cases, synergistic and commutative effects were detected, as the combination of EOs and Tc compounds resulted in a noticeable decrease in the concentration (from 256 to 4 μg/mL) necessary to inhibit the strains. Thymol, carvacrol, linalool, sabinene, and other EO terpenoid components were revealed as the molecules working in concert with the Tc drug to increase the susceptibility of S. enterica strains to the treatment. Comprehending which molecules of the EOs phytocomplex, beside the main compounds, affect bacterial inhibition, might help to develop a tailor-made approach related to counteract the resistance of specific strains to different antibiotics.