bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rainy downdrafts in abyssal atmospheres
Authors: Markham S. , Guillot T. , Li C.
Published: April 2023

Context.Results from Juno’s Microwave Radiometer (MWR) indicate nonuniform mixing of ammonia vapor in Jupiter’s atmosphere down to tens of bars, far beneath the cloud level. Helioseismic observations suggest solar convection may require narrow, concentrated downdrafts called entropy rain to accommodate the Sun’s luminosity. Both observations suggest some mechanism of nonlocal convec-tive transport.

Aims.We seek to predict the depth that a concentrated density anomaly can reach before efficiently mixing with its environment in bottomless atmospheres.

Methods.We modified classic self-similar analytical models of entraining thermals to account for the compressibility of an abyssal atmosphere. We compared these models to the output of high-resolution three-dimensional fluid dynamical simulations to more accurately model the chaotic influence of turbulence.

Results.We find that localized density anomalies propagate down to ~3−8 times their initial size without substantially mixing with their environment. Our analytic model accurately predicts the initial flow, but the self-similarity assumption breaks down after the flow becomes unstable at a characteristic penetration depth.

Conclusions.In the context of Jupiter, our findings suggest that precipitation concentrated into localized downdrafts of size ~20 km can coherently penetrate to on the order of a hundred kilometers (tens of bars) beneath its initial vaporization level without mixing with its environment. This finding is consistent with expected convective storm length scales and Juno MWR measurements of ammonia depletion. In the context of the Sun, we find that turbulent downdrafts in abyssal atmospheres cannot maintain their coherence through the Sun’s convective layer, a potential challenge for the entropy rain hypothesis.
Gouvernance foncière des grands périmètres irrigués au Sahel et justice sociale
Authors: Daré William’s , Adamczewski-Hertzog Amandine , Ba Alpha
Published: April 2023

L’intérêt du développement de grands périmètres irrigués pour répondre aux enjeux de sécurité alimentaire des pays du Sahel demeure l’objet de nombreuses critiques quant aux effets négatifs de leur mise en place et de leur exploitation : accaparement des terres, dégradation environnementale, vulnérabilité accrue des ménages… Certaines de ces critiques sont portées par les sociétés civiles et les populations affectées par les projets d’aménagement qui trouvent injuste de se voir dépossédées de la gestion de leur foncier et des ressources qu’il porte. Dans cet article, à partir de trois études de cas – Sélingué au Mali, Bagré au Burkina Faso et la Compagnie agricole de Saint-Louis au Sénégal – nous montrons que les conflits autour du foncier irrigué sont révélateurs de revendications des populations pour une plus grande justice dans la gouvernance des périmètres irrigués. Pour réaliser notre analyse, le cadre théorique de la justice sociale de Fraser et ses trois dimensions (redistribution, reconnaissance, participation) sont exposés pour analyser les revendications exprimées par les acteurs pour la reconnaissance de leurs droits fonciers. Constatant les rapports de domination au sein de trois périmètres irrigués, nous discutons des différentes dimensions de la justice sociale dans la gouvernance du foncier à travers l’analyse des conditions d’installation des populations. Enfin, nous suggérons qu’une « approche par les communs » pourrait permettre de placer les enjeux de justice pour les populations au cœur d’une gouvernance plus équitable des aménagements.
Fluorescence for non-contact detection of living salmon lice on salmon skin
Authors: Bakke Kari Anne Hestnes , Kirkhus Trine , Tschudi Jon
Published: April 2023

This work presents a promising method for automatic, non-contact, detection and counting of salmon lice infested on salmon in an aquacultural farm setting. The method uses fluorescence from chitin in the visual part of spectrum to enhance the contrast between fish skin and salmon lice, and show that the fluorescence is even strong enough to give a real-time view of the digestive and reproduction system in live lice without use of staining dyes. The wavelengths used are compatible with an underwater measurement system.
Mantelzell-Lymphom und primäres ZNS-Lymphom
Authors: Bubenzer Rainer H.
Published: April 2023

Die German Lymphoma Alliance e. V. (GLA) als gemeinnütziger Verein verfolgt das Ziel, die Therapieergebnisse für Patienten mit malignem Lymphom in Deutschland nachhaltig zu verbessern. Auf einer Pressekonferenz der GLA wurden neueste Ergebnisse der TRIANGLE- und MATRix/IELSG43-Studien zur Behandlung des Mantelzell-Lymphoms (MCL: „mantle cell lymphoma“) und primären ZNS-Lymphoms vorgestellt.
Hochrisiko-Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: April 2023

Das prostataspezifische Membranantigen (PSMA) wird auf entzündlichen, benignen und malignen Geweben exprimiert. Bei Prostatakarzinomen (PCa) übersteigt der Expressionslevel Normalbefunde deutlich. Ein Review zeigt, dass die Bildgebung mit der PSMA-PET beim primären Staging, bei therapeutischen Entscheidungen, biochemischen Rezidiven und zielgerichteten Therapien nützlich und prognostisch bedeutsam war.
Autoimmunerkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Typ-1-Diabetes
Authors: Karges Beate , Woelfle Joachim
Published: April 2023

Jeder 4.–5. Patient mit Typ-1-Diabetes hat eine zusätzliche Autoimmunerkrankung. Die häufigsten Funktionsstörungen sind Hypothyreose und Zöliakie, die ohne eindeutige klinische Symptome auftreten können. Daher wird ein Screening dieser Erkrankungen bei Diabetesmanifestation und im Verlauf empfohlen. Diagnostische Kriterien der Autoimmunthyreoiditis sind positive Schilddrüsen-Autoantikörper und sonografisch ein echoarmes, inhomogenes Parenchym. Eine Therapie mit Levothyroxin ist nur bei Hypothyreose oder Struma sinnvoll, nicht bei Euthyreose. Die Zöliakie wird durch positive Antikörper gegen Gewebstransglutaminase und Endomysium im Serum diagnostiziert, zusätzlich sichert die Dünndarmbiopsie mit Nachweis der Zottenatrophie die Diagnose. Die glutenfreie Diät mit Erreichen einer Seronegativität ist auch für asymptomatische Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes vorteilhaft. Morbus Basedow, Autoimmungastritis und Morbus Addison sind bei Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes häufiger als bei Individuen ohne Diabetes, insgesamt aber seltener, sodass die spezifische Diagnostik nur bei klinischem Verdacht oder bei autoimmunen polyendokrinen Syndromen (z. B. APS-2) sinnvoll ist.
Operative Eingriffe im Bereich der Hand und des Handgelenkes bei
rheumatischen Affektionen in der Jugend
Authors: Arbogast Martin
Published: April 2023

Die Behandlung der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis (JIA) hat in den
vergangenen 25 Jahren dramatische Fortschritte gemacht. „Hit hard and
early“ sind die Wesenszüge der medikamentösen Behandlung
entzündlich-rheumatischer Erkrankungen heutzutage [7,9,11,12]. Im
Zeitalter der Biologika läßt die medikamentöse Vielfalt
multiple Variationen zu, um den Erkrankungsprozess zu verlangsamen oder gar zu
stoppen [19]. Deshalb ist es wichtig geworden, bei fehlender Rückbildung
der Prozeßaktivität im Sinne einer synovialen Schwellung an
Sehnen oder Gelenken frühzeitig die Frage einer operativen Therapie zum
Sehen- oder Gelenkerhalt beantwortet zu wissen [25]. Durch ein
frühzeitiges Interagieren von medikamentöser und operativer
Therapie kann dem betroffenen jungen Rheumatiker langfristig eine schmerzarme
und wenig funktionsgeminderte Alltagstauglichkeit nicht nur der Hand geschaffen
werden. Dabei hat der Sehnen- und Gelenkerhalt nicht nur an der Hand
höchste Priorität vor den rekonstruktiven operativen
Möglichkeiten.
Wer raucht eigentlich Shisha?
Authors: Werse Bernd , Hornig Larissa , Kamphausen Gerrit , Stöver Heino
Published: April 2023

Der Konsum von orientalischen Wasserpfeifen (Shishas) ist seit Mitte der 2000er Jahre nicht mehr nur unter migrantischen Populationen ein Thema, sondern auch unter deutschen Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen im Allgemeinen verbreitet. Über die Ergebnisse der jüngeren Prävalenzforschung hinausgehend ist jedoch über Konsumgewohnheiten und Motive deutscher Shisha-Konsumierender nichts bekannt. Im folgenden Beitrag wird folglich zunächst ein Überblick über Verbreitung, Trendentwicklungen und soziodemographische Charakteristika von Personen mit Konsumerfahrungen und aktuellem Gebrauch präsentiert. Aus der internationalen Fachliteratur skizzieren wir zudem einige Erkenntnisse über Motivkonstellationen für den Shisha-Konsum. Angesichts des Forschungsdefizits zum Thema im deutschsprachigen Raum sind Konsummotive zentraler Fokus eines neuen Projektes (Shisha-M), das gegen Ende dieses Artikels kurz vorgestellt wird. In der abschließenden Diskussion werden die vorliegenden Erkenntnisse vor dem Hintergrund von Prävention und Schadensminderung erörtert und die Aktualität des Phänomens Wasserpfeife für die öffentliche Gesundheit diskutiert.
(Trainings-)Methodische Empfehlungen eines körperlichen
Trainings zur Verbesserung der Knochenfestigkeit
Authors: von Stengel Simon , Kohl Matthias , Jakob Franz , Kerschan-Schindl Katharina , Lange Uwe , Peters Stefan , Thomasius Friederike , Uder Michael , Shojaa Mahdieh , Kemmler Wolfgang
Published: April 2023

Die Belastungskomponenten bestimmen die Ausrichtung der Trainingsreize und sind
somit maßgebend für die Wirkung eines Trainingsprotokolls auf
die Knochenfestigkeit. In Anlehnung an die klassische Trainingswissenschaft ist
eine Klassifizierung der Belastungskomponenten in Reizhöhe
(„strain-magnitude“), Reizrate („strain-rate“),
Wiederholungsanzahl („cycle number“), Reizdauer, Reizfrequenz,
Reizdichte und Trainingshäufigkeit nachvollziehbar und anwendbar.
Zusammenfassend weisen intensitätsorientierte Trainingsprogramme, die
mit hoher Reizhöhe und -rate und kurzer Reizdauer im dynamischen Modus
mindestens zweimal/Woche appliziert werden, die höchste
osteoanabole Potenz auf. Die Anzahl der Wiederholungen spielt bei der Anwendung
hoher Reizintensitäten eine geringe Rolle. Reizintensitäten im
Grenzbereich oder (leicht) unter der mechanischen Reizschwelle können
möglicherweise über eine Erhöhung der
Wiederholungsanzahl auf ein überschwelliges Niveau angehoben werden.
Ähnliches gilt für die Reizfrequenz im Spektrum der
willkürlichen Aktivierung (<5 Hz). Die Reizdichte
bezieht ihre Relevanz aus der Desensibilisierungsproblematik des Knochens nach
häufiger überschwelliger Reizsetzung.
Regelmäßige Entlastungsphasen zur Resensibilisierung des
Knochengewebes können im Rahmen blockperiodisierter Trainingsprogramme
Raum für die Adressierung anderer relevanter Trainingsziele ohne
relevante mechanische Belastung bieten.
Implementation of 2D Barcode Medication Labels and Smart Pumps in Pediatric Acute Care: Lessons Learned
Authors: Erdfelder Felix , Ebach Fabian , Zoller Richard , Walterscheid Verena , Weiss Claudia , Kappler Jochen , Görtzen-Patin Jan , Schmitt Joachim , Freudenthal Noa J. , Müller A. , Ksellmann Anne , Grigutsch Daniel , Külshammer Manuel , Füssel Maike , Zenker Sven
Published: April 2023

Background In pediatric intensive care, prescription, administration, and interpretation of drug doses are weight dependent. The use of standardized concentrations simplifies the preparation of drugs and increases safety. For safe administration as well as easy interpretation of intravenous drug dosing regimens with standardized concentrations, the display of weight-related dose rates on the infusion device is of pivotal significance.

Objectives We report on challenges in the implementation of a new information technology-supported medication workflow. The workflow was introduced on eight beds in the pediatric heart surgery intensive care unit as well as in the pediatric anesthesia at the University of Bonn Medical Center. The proposed workflow utilizes medication labels generated from prescription data from the electronic health record. The generated labels include a two-dimensional barcode to transfer data to the infusion devices.

Methods Clinical and technical processes were agilely developed. The reliability of the system under real-life conditions was monitored. User satisfaction and potential for improvement were assessed. In addition, a structured survey among the nursing staff was performed. The questionnaire addressed usability as well as the end-users' perception of the effects on patient safety.

Results The workflow has been applied 44,111 times during the pilot phase. A total of 114 known failures in the technical infrastructure were observed. The survey showed good ratings for usability and safety (median “school grade” 2 or B for patient safety, intelligibility, patient identification, and handling). The medical management of the involved acute care facilities rated the process as clearly beneficial regarding patient safety, suggesting a rollout to all pediatric intensive care areas.

Conclusion A medical information technology-supported medication workflow can increase user satisfaction and patient safety as perceived by the clinical end-users in pediatric acute care. The successful implementation benefits from an interdisciplinary team, active investigation of possible associated risks, and technical redundancy.
Association between Electronic Health Record Implementations and Hospital-Acquired Conditions in Pediatric Hospitals
Authors: Rabbani Naveed , Pageler Natalie M. , Hoffman James M. , Longhurst Chris , Sharek Paul J.
Published: April 2023

Background Implementing an electronic health record (EHR) is one of the most disruptive operational tasks a health system can undergo. Despite anecdotal reports of adverse events around the time of EHR implementations, there is limited corroborating research, particularly in pediatrics. We utilized data from Solutions for Patient Safety (SPS), a network of 145+ children's hospitals that share data and protocols to reduce harm in pediatric care delivery, to study the impact of EHR implementations on patient safety.

Objective Determine if there is an association between the time immediately surrounding an EHR implementation and hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) rates in pediatrics.

Methods A survey of information technology leaders at pediatric institutions identified EHR implementations occurring between 2012 and 2022. This list was cross-referenced with the SPS database to create an anonymized dataset of 27 sites comprising monthly HAC and care bundle compliance rates in the 7 months preceding and succeeding the transition. Six HACs were analyzed: central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), adverse drug events, surgical site infections (SSIs), pressure injuries (PIs), and falls, in addition to four associated care bundle compliance rates: CLABSI and CAUTI maintenance bundles, SSI bundle, and PI bundle. To determine if there was a statistically significant association with EHR implementation, the observation period was divided into three eras: “before” (months −7 to −3), “during” (months −2 to +2), and “after” go-live (months +3 to +7). Average monthly HAC and bundle compliance rates were calculated across eras. Paired t-tests were performed to compare rates between the eras.

Results No statistically significant increase in HAC rates or decrease in bundle compliance rates was observed across the EHR implementation eras.

Conclusion This multisite study detected no significant increase in HACs and no decrease in preventive care bundle compliance in the months surrounding an EHR implementation.
A Manufacturing Strategy Utilizing a Continuous-Mode Reactor toward Homogeneous PEGylated Bioconjugate Production
Authors: Nakahara Yuichi , Endo Yuta , Matsuda Yutaka , Nagaki Aiichiro , Takahashi Kazutoshi , Kawaguchi Tomoko , Kato Keisuke
Published: April 2023

Protein PEGylation is a traditional bioconjugation technology that enhances the therapeutic efficacy and in vivo half-life of proteins by the formation of covalent bonds with highly activated ester group linked polyethylene glycol (PEG). However, the high reactivity of these reagents induces a random reaction with lysine residues on the protein surface, resulting in a heterogeneous mixture of PEGylated proteins. Moreover, the traditional batch-mode reaction has risks relating to scalability and aggregation. To overcome these risks of traditional batch-mode PEGylation, a manufacturing strategy utilizing structural analysis and a continuous-flow-mode reaction was examined. A solvent exposure analysis revealed the most reactive lysine of a protein, and the continuous-flow mode modified this lysine to achieve the mono-PEGylation of two different proteins within 2 seconds. This ultrarapid modification reaction can be applied to the gram-scale manufacturing of PEGylated bioconjugates without generating aggregates. A similar trend of the exposure level of protein lysine and mono-selectivity performed by continuous-flow PEGylation was observed, which indicated that this manufacturing strategy has the potential to be applied to the production of a wide variety of bioconjugates.
An Innovative Technique of Microsurgical Training on Fresh “Chicken Quarter” Model: Our Experience
Authors: Boro Sumanjit S. , Mathew Anil K. , Kumar Anchit
Published: April 2023

Purpose Regular practice, quality clinical exposure, and academic discussion are essential in any surgical specialty training. This study discusses and validates the option of using a fresh “chicken quarter” model with a measurable scoring system, as a standard training regimen in microvascular surgery. This can be a very effective, economical, and easily accessible model for residents.

Materials and Methods This study was conducted in the Department of Plastic surgery, from October 2020 to May 2021. Twenty-four fresh “chicken quarter” specimens were dissected and the ischial arteries and femoral veins' external diameter (ED) were measured. The microsurgical skills of the trainee were assessed in 6 months intervals using the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills Scale (OSATS) as well as the time taken for anastomosis. All the data were analyzed using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) version 21.

Results A task-specific score value of 50% on October 2020 improved to 85.7% by May 2021. This was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.043). The mean ED of the ischial artery and femoral vein was 2.07 and 2.26 mm, respectively. The mean width of the vein measured at the lower one-third of the tibia was 2.08 mm. A greater than 50% reduction in anastomosis time was observed after a period of 6 months.

Conclusion In our minimal experience, the “chicken quarter model” with OSATS scoring system seems to be effective, economical, very affordable, and easily accessible microsurgery training model for the residents. Our study is done only as a pilot project due to limited resources and we have the plan to introduce it as a proper training method in the near future with more residents.
A hybrid hour-ahead wind power prediction model based on variational mode decomposition and bio-inspired LSTM
Authors: Xia Jing , Yuan Zhi-peng , Tian De , Li Shu-lin , He Hai-tao , Li Peng
Published: April 2023

Wind power, as an eco-friendly renewable energy, has been widely integrated into modern power systems. The prediction accuracy of wind power is crucial to the secure operation of power systems. To improve the prediction accuracy, a hybrid hour-ahead wind power prediction method is presented in this paper. First, the variational mode decomposition (VMD) is used to decompose the original wind power sequences into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with different frequencies. Then, the prediction model is formulated by using the long short-term memory (LSTM) network for each IMF. To enhance the LSTM, a bio-inspired algorithm named Harris Hawks optimization (HHO) is blended to optimize the parameters of each LSTM prediction model. The final prediction output power is thus obtained by integrating all prediction results from these individual IMFs, so that the novel VMD–HHO–LSTM prediction strategy is developed. Finally, case studies based on the real historical dataset are performed, demonstrating that the proposed hybrid hour-ahead wind power prediction model named VMD–HHO–LSTM has better prediction performance and higher applicability to multiple dataset scenarios.
Fragmentation landscape of cell-free DNA revealed by deconvolutional analysis of end motifs
Authors: Zhou Ze , Ma Mary-Jane L. , Chan Rebecca W. Y. , Lam W. K. Jacky , Peng Wenlei , Gai Wanxia , Hu Xi , Ding Spencer C. , Ji Lu , Zhou Qing , Cheung Peter P. H. , Yu Stephanie C. Y. , Teoh Jeremy Y. C. , Szeto Cheuk-Chun , Wong John , Wong Vincent W. S. , Wong Grace L. H. , Chan Stephen L. , Hui Edwin P. , Ma Brigette B. Y. , Chan Anthony T. C. , Chiu Rossa W. K. , Chan K. C. Allen , Lo Y. M. Dennis , Jiang Peiyong
Published: April 2023

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentation is nonrandom, at least partially mediated by various DNA nucleases, forming characteristic cfDNA end motifs. However, there is a paucity of tools for deciphering the relative contributions of cfDNA cleavage patterns related to underlying fragmentation factors. In this study, through non-negative matrix factorization algorithm, we used 256 5′ 4-mer end motifs to identify distinct types of cfDNA cleavage patterns, referred to as “founder” end-motif profiles (F-profiles). F-profiles were associated with different DNA nucleases based on whether such patterns were disrupted in nuclease-knockout mouse models. Contributions of individual F-profiles in a cfDNA sample could be determined by deconvolutional analysis. We analyzed 93 murine cfDNA samples of different nuclease-deficient mice and identified six types of F-profiles. F-profiles I, II, and III were linked to deoxyribonuclease 1 like 3 (DNASE1L3), deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNASE1), and DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta (DFFB), respectively. We revealed that 42.9% of plasma cfDNA molecules were attributed to DNASE1L3-mediated fragmentation, whereas 43.4% of urinary cfDNA molecules involved DNASE1-mediated fragmentation. We further demonstrated that the relative contributions of F-profiles were useful to inform pathological states, such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. Among the six F-profiles, the use of F-profile I could inform the human patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. F-profile VI could be used to detect individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.97. F-profile VI was more prominent in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing chemoradiotherapy. We proposed that this profile might be related to oxidative stress.
The generation mechanism and identification of spatially non-continuous error in integral multi-station measurement systems
Authors: Deng Rui , Shi Shendong , Yang Linghui , Lin Jiarui , Zhu Jigui
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The integral multi-station measurement system represented by indoor GPS, workshop Measuring and Positioning System or a multi-camera system, realizes high-precision 3D measurement in large-scale space by constructing a global measurement field within a unified temporal-spatial reference. In advanced equipment manufacturing sites such as robot machining, large component (the fuselage or wing of airplanes) assembly and monitoring, the integral multi-station measurement system overcomes the drawbacks of the single-station measurement system such as laser tracker that can hardly balance the measurement range and accuracy. However, with the improvement of automation and intelligence degree in equipment manufacturing, the requirements on accuracy and robustness has become more and more strict, which is a huge challenge to existing measuring technologies. Limited by the measurement principle of multi-observation intersection, the change of geometry constraint in the integral multi-station measurement field will lead to spatially non-continuous error, degrading the performance of the integral multi-station measurement system. In this paper we first analyze the mechanisms and characteristics of spatially non-continuous error at the geometry constraint level. Basing on the error propagation model, a criterion for evaluating the significance of non-continuous error is then proposed for error identification. Finally, simulations and experiments are carried out, and this proposed criterion is verified to be effective.
Initial growth of tungsten fuzz induced by bubble-driven surface stress layer under helium irradiation
Authors: Niu Chunjie , Cui Yunqiu , Dai Shuyu , Liu Weifeng , Chen Chao , Ni Weiyuan , Fan Hongyu , Liu Dongping
Published: April 2023

Low-energy, high-flux He exposure to tungsten (W) surface leads to the formation of surface nanostructures and severe morphological changes, which may eventually erode the W divertor and threaten the operation of the reactor. In this study, the response of polycrystalline W under low-energy He+ irradiation at different temperatures has been investigated in order to analyze the early stage of nanostructure formation. It is found that the interactions of high-density over-pressured He bubbles result in the formation of surface stress layers. The significant effect of temperature on the surface stress leads to differences in the incubation dose of W fuzz growth. The interaction between the planar network and the underlying W matrix is weak under surface stress, and the W fuzz grows on the surface once the stress reaches a threshold. Thereafter, tensile stress-driven cracking causes the 3D growth of W nanofibers.
Si–Sn codoped n-GaN film sputtering grown on an amorphous glass substrate
Authors: Liu Wei-Sheng , Chang Yu-Lin , Chen Tzu-Chun , Yu Shih-Chen , Kuo Hsing-Chun
Published: April 2023

DC-pulse magnetron sputtering was utilized to deposit a 300 nm-thick n-type GaN thin film that was co-doped with Si–Sn onto an amorphous glass substrate with a ZnO buffer layer. The deposited thin films were then subjected to post-growth thermal annealing at temperatures of 300 °C, 400 °C, or 500 °C to enhance their crystal quality. Hall measurements revealed that the film annealed at 500 °C had the lowest thin-film resistance of 0.82 Ω cm and the highest carrier concentration of 3.84 × 1019 cm−3. The thin film surface was studied using atomic force microscopy; the film annealed at 500 °C had an average grain size and surface roughness of 25.3 and 2.37 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the x-ray diffraction measurements revealed a preferential (002) crystal orientation and hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure at 2θ ≈ 34.5°. The thin film had a full width at half maximum value of 0.387°, it was also found to be very narrow. Compositional analysis of the films was conducted with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and verified that both Si and Sn were doped into the GaN film utilizing covalent bonding with N atoms. Finally, the film annealed at 500 °C had a high optical transmittance of 82.9% at 400–800 nm, a high figure of merit factor of 490.3 × 10−3 Ω−1, and low contact resistance of 567 Ω; these excellent optoelectronic properties were attributed to the film’s high electron concentration and indicate that the material is feasible for application in transparent optoelectronic devices.
Magnetohydrodynamic squeezing micropolar nanofluid flow confined in parallel disks with implication of Maxwell-Cattaneo law
Authors: Shehzad S A , Reddy M G , Rauf A , Mushtaq T , Abbasi F M
Published: April 2023

Time-dependent electrically conducting squeezing flow of micropolar nanofluid is analyzed between two parallel disks. The bottom porous disk is fixed while the upper disk moved orthogonally along axial direction. Nanofluid features such as thermophoresis and the Brownian motion are considered using the Buongiorno theory of nanoparticles. Cattaneo-Christov model (CCM) is executed in the expression of energy equation. Uniform suction/injection is considered at bottom disk. Inclined magnetic field is accounted at an acute angle along axial direction. The constitutive model is normalized by utilizing the similarity functions. The numerical solution of flow model is developed by MATLAB built-in bvp4c function. The physical parameters are explored through graphical depiction, two-dimensional contours, three-dimensional flow phenomenon and streamlines. Since, the micropolar parameters tend to move the fluid particles in opposite way. Therefore, micro-rotational field has an increasing tendency in the left half region and decreasing behavior in the right half plane of the central region. It is obtained that the temperature field is boost up against increased squeezing Reynolds number, parameter of thermal relaxation stress and Prandtl number. Brownian movement and thermophoretic factors have a reverse phenomenon on concentration curves.
Influences of noisy channels on quantum coherence and entanglement of W state in noninertial frame
Authors: Kim Kwang-Il , Pak Myong Chol , Kye Kwang Myong , Kim Hyon Chol , Kim Chol Jun
Published: April 2023

Via using l
1-norm of quantum coherence and π–tangle, we investigate influences of amplitude-damping and depolarizing channels on quantum coherence and entanglement for W state of Dirac fields when two observers are in accelerating motion. We find that quantum entanglement vanishes for all values of acceleration if at least one qubit is under noisy channels. But quantum coherence does not vanish even at infinite acceleration if only one subsystem is under noisy channels. We also find that, unlike the depolarizing environment, the amplitude-damping environment can destroy symmetric properties of quantum entanglement with respect to two accelerated observers. These results will further enrich our understanding on the relation between quantum coherence and entanglement.
The performance of a dissipative electro-optomechanical system using the Caldirola–Kanai Hamiltonian approach
Authors: Atabaki M M , Tavassoly M K , Behjat A , Nadiki M Hassani , Javidan K
Published: April 2023

By combining all optical, electronic, and mechanical capabilities, electro-optomechanical systems, along with the use of mechanical displacement, the conversion of low-frequency electrical signals into much higher-frequency optical signals is possible. This process provides several capabilities that have very important applications in various fields, including classical, as well as quantum communications. In this regard, the inevitable effect of dissipation on the performance indicators of such systems is one of the important issues affecting its efficiency. One approach for investigating the effect of dissipation is based on a time-dependent Hamiltonian has been known as the Caldirola-Kanai (CK) Hamiltonian, wherein the exponentially increasing mass, i.e.

m

t

=

m

0

e

γ
t

enters the mechanical oscillator system. Utilizing this approach shows that, the performance of the system under the influence of dissipation with CK Hamiltonian formalism, in which the dissipation terms are embedded in the Hamiltonian, are more logical, analytical, and reliable than considering the effect of dissipation with the phenomenological method (including the dissipation effects in the equations of motion by hand), which has been recently used in Bagci et al. (Nature, 507, 81, 2014). In our method, it is also possible to monitor the performance of the system via the adjustment of dissipation components, i.e., resistance

R

and reactance

L

(and CK damping parameter

γ

) in the electrical (mechanical membrane) part of the system.
Field and reverse field solitons in wave-operator nonlinear Schrödinger equation with space-time reverse: Modulation instability
Authors: Abdel-Gawad H I
Published: April 2023

The wave-operator nonlinear Schrödinger equation was introduced in the literature. Further, nonlocal space–time reverse complex field equations were also recently introduced. Studies in this area were focused on employing the inverse scattering method and Darboux transformation. Here, we present an approach to find the solutions of the wave-operator nonlinear Schrödinger equation with space and time reverse (W-O-NLSE-STR). It is based on implementing the unified method together with introducing a conventional formulation of the solutions. Indeed, a field and a reverse field may be generated. So, for deriving the solutions of W-O-NLSE-STR, it is evident to distinguish two cases (when the field and its reverse are interactive or not-interactive). In the non-interactive and interactive cases, exact and approximate solutions are obtained. In both cases, the solutions are evaluated numerically and they are displayed graphically. It is observed that the field exhibits solitons propagating essentially (or mainly) on the negative space variable, while those of the reverse field propagate on the other side (or vice versa). These results are completely novel, and we think that it is an essential behavior that characterizes a complex field system with STR. On the other hand, they may exhibit right and left cable patterns (or vice versa). It is found that the solutions of the field and its reverse exhibit self-phase modulation by solitary waves. In the interactive case, the pulses of the field and its reverse propagate in the whole space. The analysis of modulation stability shows that, when the field is stable, its reverse is unstable or both are stable. This holds whenever the polarization of the medium is self-defocusing.
Staged cooling of a fusion-grade plasma in a tokamak thermal quench
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Yanzeng , Tang Xian-Zhu
Published: April 2023

In tokamak disruptions where the magnetic connection length becomes comparable to or even shorter than the plasma mean-free-path, parallel transport can dominate the energy loss and the thermal quench of the core plasma goes through four phases (stages) that have distinct temperature ranges and durations. The main temperature drop occurs while the core plasma remains nearly collisionless, with the parallel electron temperatureTe∥dropping in timetasTe∥∝t−2and a cooling time that scales with the ion sound wave transit time over the length of the open magnetic field line. These surprising physics scalings are the result of effective suppression of parallel electron thermal conduction in an otherwise bounded, quasineutral, and collisionless plasma, which is different from what are known to date on electron thermal conduction along the magnetic field in a nearly collisionless and quasineural plasma.
International Conference on AeroSpace Science and Technology (ICASST) 2022
Authors: Hernández-Gómez J J , Orozco-del-Castillo M G , Ramírez-López F , Couder-Castañeda C
Published: April 2023

1. Introduction

Welcome to the publication of the Proceedings of the International Conference on Aerospace Science and Technology (ICASST) 2022, which was hosted at the facilities of Centro de Desarrollo Aeroespacial (CDA), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), in the historical centre of Mexico City, Mexico, from November 28th to December 02nd, 2022. ICASST 2022 was a scientific forum for the dissemination of basic research and/or technological development projects, which allows interaction between professionals, scholars and industrialists, promoting scientific-technological collaborations in the aerospace field and related areas. The program included presentations, keynote lectures given by widely recognized national and international experts in their area, as well as courses/workshops, particularly intended for undergraduate students. The Conference was held in a hybrid way, face-to-face/virtual. Beside the academic face of this Conference, another fundamental purpose for its celebration is to commemorate the 10th anniversary of Centro de Desarrollo Aeroespacial (CDA) of Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), a research centre focused on carrying out research on theoretical and applied science as well as on technological development, mainly in the institutional and national scenarios at Mexico, in the aerospace sector.
Calculation of environmental loads for a CubeSat using MATLAB
Authors: Hernández A , Ferrer J A , Gaviria D , Romo C , Chávez R G
Published: April 2023

From 2011 to 2022, around 1,663 CubeSats between 1.1 kg and 10 kg were launched worldwide. These satellites were used for sensing, technology development, communications, and scientific applications. To develop these satellites, it is necessary to determine the thermal loads for the calculation of the internal temperature distribution of the components, which allows us to design the thermal control system. In this work, the mathematical formulations are presented to be able to obtain the thermal loads. Simulations were carried out with STK which assisted in obtaining the thermal loads and another simulation was carried out with MATLAB where the results were later compared, the values to be studied being solar radiation, albedo, and planetary radiation. When comparing the results, an error of 9.32% was obtained, which is discussed in the conclusions. The importance of developing a tool that allows obtaining the thermal loads and that said tool be open source was discussed.
A cluster based on 8 bit, flash based architecture microcontrollers
Authors: Sánchez-Cabadas D L , Yáñez-Casas G A , Hernández-Gómez J J , Couder-Castañeda C
Published: April 2023

Distributed systems are a suitable alternative to optimize the current embedded technologies, since this kind of systems increase processing power to execute tasks, which otherwise, would take plenty of time to finish with a single processing core, likewise, a larger amount of electronic sensing devices can be added to the system, improving its capacity to collect and analyze data whatsoever. In this work, we propose to use distributed systems theory, in 8 bit CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) microcontrollers, more in particular, devices PIC16F887 from Microchip, which have a reduced and limited architecture. By doing this, a low-power embedded system focused on performing multiple operations and tasks is proposed, in which, time is a vital element, such as real time operating systems, using hard-wired embedded communication protocols to accomplish the correct distribution of data. Using cluster system of the microcontrollers, instead of a microprocessor-based distributed system or a single core embedded system, implies important advantages, such as considerable cost reduction, size flexibility to install this kind of systems in several applications, and a great possibility to modify the initial design and functionality to couple to all the needs of the user. Also, one of the objectives of this development, is to create an easily scalable distributed system, depending on the needs of the use given. The combination of the features mentioned, makes this system suitable for educational purposes, since its simplicity is ideal for students of topics regarding distributed systems.
Remote sensing application using Landsat 8 images for water quality assessments
Authors: Cruz-Montes E E , Durango-Banquett M M , Torres-Bejarano F M , Campo-Daza G A , Padilla-Mendoza C
Published: April 2023

This study aims to implement remote sensing to determine water quality parameters. Based on the water quality parameters measurements on February 5, 2021, and the LANDSAT 8 satellite images reflectance values, statistical models were generated by the RLM method: Stepwise Regression in Matlab software and digital models through QGIS and ArcGIS Pro GIS. The models obtained for pH, temperature, and turbidity were above 0.6 R2, while dissolved oxygen was above 0.8, showing a good correlation between in situ and estimated data. It is important to avoid cloudy conditions covering the study area because they limit the mathematical models’ application, altering or preventing the results from being generated. The implementation results of this type of technology are of great relevance for future projects, where water quality assessments can be made by using national and international regulations according to the use either for human consumption or for aquatic life protection.
A comparative analysis between Drude and Johnson & Christy for nanometric optical demultiplexer
Authors: Medina I , Villaseñor A
Published: April 2023

The constant need to miniaturize technological devices has increased the development of novel optical devices in the nanoscale. A common kind of photonic devices are built using Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) interfaces to generate Surface Plasmons Polaritons (SPPs) and process light waves in the optical window. In this paper a 12 channel demultiplexer is proposed using 8 cavities coupled to both sides of the main waveguide. Then the nano demultiplexer is modelled in COMSOL Multiphysics using Drude model and Johnson and Christy parameters for the optical constants. Then we compare the transmission spectrum from 400 to 2200 nm for both models and discuss the differences advantages of each method.
Platform development and gliding optimization of a robotic flying fish with morphing pectoral fins
Authors: Chen Di , Wu Zhengxing , Dong Huijie , Meng Yan , Yu Junzhi
Published: April 2023

The aquatic-aerial robot with the free interface crossing can enhance adaptability in complex aquatic environments. However, its design is extremely challenging for the striking discrepancies in propulsion principles. The flying fish in nature exhibits remarkable multi-modal cross-domain locomotion capability, such as high-maneuvers swimming, agile water-air crossing, and long-distance gliding, providing extensive inspiration. In this paper, we present a unique aquatic-aerial robotic flying fish with powerful propulsion and a pair of morphing wing-like pectoral fins to realize cross-domain motion. Furthermore, to explore the gliding mechanism of flying fish, a dynamic model with a morphing structure of pectoral fins is established, and a double deep Q-network-based control strategy is proposed to optimize the gliding distance. Finally, experiments were conducted to analyze the locomotion of the robotic flying fish. The results suggest that the robotic flying fish can successfully perform the ‘fish leaping and wing spreading’ cross-domain locomotion with an exiting speed of 1.55 m s−1 (5.9 body lengths per second, BL/s) and a crossing time of 0.233 s indicating its great potential in cross-domain. Simulation results have validated the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and indicated that the dynamical adjustment of morphing pectoral fins contributes to improving the gliding distance. The maximum gliding distance has increased by 7.2%. This study will offer some significant insights into the system design and performance optimization of aquatic-aerial robots.
Proactivity of fish and leadership of self-propelled robotic fish during interaction
Authors: Zhou Ziye , Liu Jincun , Pan Jie , Yu Junzhi
Published: April 2023

Fish interacting with biomimetic robotic fish is beneficial for animal behavior research, particularly in the study of collective behavior. Compared with passive-dragging robotic fish, self-propelled robotic fish floats in water, and its movement matches the flow field formed by the caudal fin oscillation, leading to more realistic interaction with animals. In this paper, we propose a self-propelled koi-mimicking robotic fish entity, develop a system for robotic fish and koi fish interaction, and conduct extensive experiments on quantity variation and parameter variation. The results showed that fish exhibited significantly lower proactivity when alone, and the most proactive case is one robotic fish interacting with two real fish. The experiments on parameter variation indicated that fish may respond more proactivity to robotic fish that swim with high frequency and low amplitude, but may also move together with high-frequency and high-amplitude swimming robotic fish. These findings could provide insights into fish collective behavior, guide the design of further fish-robot interaction experiments, and suggest directions for future improvements in goal-oriented robotic fish platforms.
Tannic acid-loaded chitosan-RGD-alginate scaffolds for wound healing and skin regeneration
Authors: Mndlovu Hillary , du Toit Lisa C , Kumar Pradeep , Choonara Yahya E
Published: April 2023

Hydrogels have drawn much attention in the field of tissue regeneration and wound healing owing to the application of biocompatible peptides to tailor structural features necessitating optimal tissue remodeling performance. In the current study, polymers and peptide were explored to develop scaffolds for wound healing and skin tissue regeneration. Alginate (Alg), chitosan (CS), and arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) were used to fabricate composite scaffolds crosslinked with tannic acid (TA), which also served as a bioactive. The use of RGD transformed the physicochemical and morphological features of the 3D scaffolds and TA crosslinking of the scaffolds improved their mechanical properties, specifically tensile strength, compressive Young’s modulus, yield strength, and ultimate compressive strength. The incorporation of TA as both a crosslinker and a bioactive allowed for 86% encapsulation efficiency and burst release of 57% of TA in 24 h, accompanied by an 8.5% steady release per day of up to 90% over 5 d. The scaffolds increased mouse embryonic fibroblast cell viability over 3 d, progressing from slightly cytotoxic to non-cytotoxic (cell viability >90%). Wound closure and tissue regeneration evaluations in a SpragueDawley rat wound model at predetermined wound healing time points highlighted the superiority of the Alg-RGD-CS and Alg-RGD-CS-TA scaffolds over the commercial comparator product and control. The scaffolds’ superior performance included accelerated tissue remodeling performance from the early to the late stages of wound healing, indicated by the lack of defects and scarring in scaffold-treated tissues. This promising performance supports the design of wound dressings that can act as delivery systems for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds.
Topical effect of polyherbal flowers extract on xanthan gum hydrogel patch—induced wound healing activity in human cell lines and male BALB/c mice
Authors: Saha Ishita , Roy Shubham , Das Deepak , Das Sukhen , Karmakar Parimal
Published: April 2023

Wound or injury is a breakdown in the skin’s protective function as well as damage to the normal tissues. Wound healing is a dynamic and complex phenomenon of replacing injured skin or body tissues. In ancient times the Calendula officinalis and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers were extensively used by the tribal communities as herbal medicine for various complications including wound healing. But loading and delivery of such herbal medicines are challenging because it maintains their molecular structure against temperature, moisture, and other ambient factors. This study has fabricated xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel through a facile process and encapsulated C. officinalis and H. rosa-sinensis flower extract. The resulting hydrogel was characterized by different physical methods like x-ray diffractometer, UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, SEM, dynamic light scattering, electronkinetic potential in colloidal systems (ZETA) potential, thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), etc. The polyherbal extract was phytochemically screened and observed that flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, glycosides, amino acids, and a few percentages of reducing sugar were present in the polyherbal extract. Polyherbal extract encapsulated XG hydrogel (X@C–H) significantly enhanced the proliferation of fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines in comparison to the bare excipient treated cells as determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Also, the proliferation of these cells was confirmed by BrdU assay and enhanced expression of pAkt. In an in-vivo study, wound healing activity of BALB/c mice was carried out and we observed that X@C–H hydrogel showed significant result compared to the other groups (untreated, X, X@C, X@H). Henceforth, we conclude that this synthesized biocompatible hydrogel could emerge as a promising carrier of more than one herbal excipients.