bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INCORPORATING MULTILITERACIES AND MULTIMODALITY INTO LITERACY INSTRUCTION FOR EFL STUDENTS AT A TERTIARY LEVEL: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Lj. Prodanović Stankić Diana , M. Jakovljević Bojana
Published: February 2023

In EFL, developing literacy is primarily based on improving reading skills, which is quite problematic for millennials, regardless of their proficiency levels, since they seem to be more used to video input than texts. Drawing on the theoretical concept of multiliteracies (New London Group 1996), introduced to outline a specific pedagogic framework for rethinking the future of language education, this paper discusses the results of a study conducted at the Department of English Studies, University of Novi Sad. The main aim of the study was to identify and determine the primary problems students majoring in English have while doing reading text-based comprehension tasks, and to compare the results with comprehension tasks that combine text and video input. Even though teaching and learning are by definition multimodal, particularly in the field of EFL, since both processes imply the use of diﬀerent modes (speech, writing, gesture, image, sound), at higher levels of education these modes do not seem to be equally present. This study suggests some theoretical and practical directions towards integrating multimodal approaches in developing literacy in order to promote positive learning outcomes of EFL students.
MODAL AUXILIARIES IN SELECTED NEWSPAPER EDITORIALS ON MEDICAL BRAIN DRAIN IN NIGERIA
Authors: Fagunleka Olufunke O. , Olorunsogo David
Published: February 2023

This paper explores the conscious deployment of modal auxiliary verbs by the media to project stances and opinions on the topical issue of medical brain drain in Nigeria. Data, which comprised a total of 12 editorials on the issue of brain drain in the Nigerian health sector, were sourced from four Nigerian newspapers (Punch, The Guardian, Daily Trust, The Sun) published between 2018-2022. The identified modal verbs were categorised based on Palmer’s (1986; 1990) classification of modality: deontic, epistemic and dynamic. The modal auxiliaries are used to stir up the emotion of concern, project the duty of government and predictions about doctors’ exodus attempts, and communicate the disposition of the government towards the issue. The editorials are marked with modal auxiliary verbs intended to draw the attention of the public to the responsibilities of the government and the possible outcomes of taking (or not) necessary actions to tackle the menace of medical brain drain.
Budaya Organisasi dan Kepemimpinan dalam Pengelolaan Piutang Pajak Impor
Authors:   Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN, Sektor V, Jl. Bintaro Utama 5, Jurang Manggu Tim., Kec. Pd. Aren, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15222, Indonesia, Firmansyah Amrie , Ambarwati Ria Dewi ,   Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN, Sektor V, Jl. Bintaro Utama 5, Jurang Manggu Tim., Kec. Pd. Aren, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15222, Indonesia, Hartopo Wing ,   Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai, Jl.Jenderal A Yani (By Pass) Rawamangun, Jakarta Timur - 13230, Iswandy Iis ,   Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai, Jl.Jenderal A Yani (By Pass) Rawamangun, Jakarta Timur - 13230
Published: February 2023

This study examines organizational culture and leadership on tax revenue receivables management in the context of imports. The data used in this study derives from a questionnaire survey distributed to respondents from March to July 2022. The respondents for this study were selected using purposive sampling with the criteria is officials/employees at the Treasury Unit who manage tax receivables and Officers/employees at the Unit General Affairs/Finance, which handles the Financial Statements in each work unit within DGCE. The final sample used in this study totaled 166 observations. This study concludes that organizational culture positively affects the management of tax revenue receivables in the context of imports, while leadership does not affect the management of tax revenue receivables in the context of imports.
Pressure field in the reservoir and well, taking into account the dynamic level during the selection and subsequent shutdown
Authors: Filippov Aleksandr I. , Akhmetova Oksana V. , Zelenova Marina A.
Published: February 2023

An analytical solution of the non-stationary filtration problem is presented, taking into account the change in the dynamic level of the fluid in the well during extraction with a variable flow rate, which made it possible to construct calculation formulas for the pressure field in the well when operating at a constant pump performance and subsequent shutdown. The problem contains the equation of piezoconductivity for non-stationary plane-radial filtration in a formation surrounded by an impermeable bottom and tire. It also includes an integro-differential condition connecting the pressure fields in the well and the reservoir, the condition of equality of pressures at the outlet from the reservoir to the well, the absence of disturbances at the initial time and in remote sections of the reservoir. When constructing an exact analytical solution of the problem in dimensionless variables, the Laplace — Carson integral transformation with respect to time was used. The originals of the solution are also obtained analytically and contain the Bessel functions of the zeroth and first orders. The general analytical solution for the pressure during extraction with a constant flow rate and subsequent shutdown is written using the Heaviside function. Based on the solution found, computational experiments were performed in which the reservoir parameters of the oil-saturated reservoir are varied, and pump stops are performed at various stages of well operation: relaxation, transitional and stabilization. It has been established that the main influence on the dynamics of the pressure field is exerted by the permeability of the reservoir. Reducing the displacement capacity of the reservoir by an order of magnitude leads to an increase in the amplitude of the pressure perturbation by 25-35%. However, the influence of this parameter does not exceed the contribution of permeability. The contribution of the reservoir porosity is less than 6% of the peak pressure values in the stabilization mode. The viscosity of the sampled fluid has a significant impact on the pressure field recorded in the well.
Cognitive Benefits of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporters-2 Inhibitors
in the Diabetic Milieu
Authors: Yaribeygi Habib , Maleki Mina , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Rizzo Manfredi , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: February 2023

Patients with diabetes are at higher risk of cognitive impairment and memory
loss than the normal population. Thus, using hypoglycemic agents to improve brain function
is important for diabetic patients. Sodium-glucose cotransporters-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)
are a class of therapeutic agents used in the management of diabetes that has
some pharmacologic effects enabling them to fight against the onset and progress of memory
deficits. Although the exact mediating pathways are not well understood, emerging
evidence suggests that SGLT2 inhibition is associated with improved brain function.
This study reviewed the possible mechanisms and provided evidence suggesting SGLT2
inhibitors could ameliorate cognitive deficits.
Biological Activities of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts (MBHA)
Authors: Paiva Ferreira Larissa Adilis Maria , de Lima Louise Mangueira , Paiva Ferreira Laercia Karla Diega , Bernardo Larissa Rodrigues , Castro Aleff , Lima Junior Claudio Gabriel , de Almeida Vasconcellos Mário Luiz Araújo , Piuvezam Marcia Regina
Published: February 2023

Background:

The Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction (MBHR) is considered one of the most
powerful and versatile methodologies used for carbon-carbon bond formation. The reaction is defined
as the condensation between an electrophilic carbon sp² and the α position of an olefin, carrying an
electron-withdrawing group, in the presence of a catalyst. The advantages of the reaction are the high
atom economy and mild reaction conditions. Under ideal conditions, this reaction leads to the formation
of multifunctional products, called Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts (MBHA), a class of relevant
molecules that exhibit a variety of biological activities.

Objective:

Considering the importance of these compounds, this review brought together several studies
regarding the biological activities of MBHA, to point out the use of these molecules as future therapeutic
agents.

Methods:

We searched for scientific articles available in the main databases, published between 1999
and 2022, using the descriptors: Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts, Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction, biological
activity, and biological potentiality.

Results:

Thirty-five articles showed the variety of biological activities of MBHA, including molluscicidal,
antitumor, herbicidal, and fungicidal, antileishmanial, antioxidant, antimalarial, anti-tumor inflammatory,
vasorelaxant, antichagasic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Conclusion:

Therefore, these compounds are promising candidates to become drugs for the treatment
of a variety of diseases, following further studies to understand the effective mechanisms of action of
MBHA.
APOE4: A Culprit for the Vulnerability of COVID-19 in Alzheimer's
Patients
Authors: Agrawal Neetu , Goyal Ahsas , Kushwah Prashant Singh , Pathak Shilpi
Published: February 2023

Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is one of the primary genetic risk factors for late-onset of
Alzheimer's disease (AD). While its primary function is to transport cholesterol, it also regulates
metabolism, aggregation, and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. The disruption in the generation
and removal of Aβ in the brain is the primary cause of memory and cognitive loss and thus
plays a significant role in the development of AD. In several prior genetic investigations, the APOE4
allele has been linked to higher susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARSCoV-
2) infection and COVID-19 mortality. However, information on the involvement of APOE4
in the underlying pathology and clinical symptoms is limited. Due to the high infection and mortality
rate of COVID-19 in AD individuals, challenges have been identified in the management of AD
patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to provide evidence-based, more effective
healthcare, it is critical to identify underlying concerns and, preferably, biomarkers. The risk variant
APOE4 imparts enhanced infectivity by the underlying coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 at a cellular
level, genetic level, and route level. Here we review existing advances in clinical and basic research
on the AD-related gene APOE, as well as the role of APOE in AD pathogenesis, using neurobiological
evidence. Moreover, the role of APOE in severe COVID-19 in Alzheimer's patients
has also been reviewed.
Molecular Docking and Dynamics Study of Acetogenins Targeting Cyclin-dependent Kinase and In vitro Evaluation of Annona Muricata Fruit Extracts using MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Birendra Swapna , Kotha Satvik , Ramappa Harisha , Rao M. Raghavendra , Siddamsetty Ramachandra Setty
Published: February 2023

Background:

Overexpressed CDK1 and CDK2 are targeted as potential sites for cancer treatment.
Annona muricata fruit has been reported to have more than 100 acetogenins showing cytotoxic
activities against cancer cell lines. Hence the study aims to demonstrate the cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate
fruit extract, its role in cell cycle progression, and apoptosis using the MDMBA-231 breast cancer cell
line. Docking, dynamics, and ADME studies were also demonstrated to generate lead molecules of AM
fruit responsible for cancer treatment.

Method:

Cell viability was quantified by the MTT assay. Cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cells were determined
by flow cytometry and PI annexin V-FITC staining by flow cytometry, respectively. Molecular
docking, molecular dynamics, and ADME properties of 11 acetogenins were studied using the schrödinger
maestro suite 2018-1.

Results:

The MTT assay revealed IC50 232.9μg/ml with a high degree of cytotoxicity. The extract effectively
caused cell cycle arrest at the G2M and S phases; early and late apoptosis was induced at 160 μg/ml
and 320 μg/ml. Docking scores of muricin L, J, and annomuricin A complexed with CDK2 and muricin J,
K, and L with CDK1 binding energy ranging is mentioned as a molecular dynamic study envisaged muricin
j against CDK2 stable hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions with critical residues like ASP-86,
GLN-131, HIS-84, LYS-89, PHE80, PHE82, and PHE83 throughout 200 ns (hinge region). ADMET
profiling also confirmed that all 11 ligands passed the rule of 5 and 3. The in vitro and in silico studies
revealed that these acetogenins could be CDK1 and CDK2 inhibitors for cancer treatment.

Conclusion:

The in vitro studies presume that the ethyl acetate fruit extract of AM is an excellent cytotoxic
agent. In silico studies demonstrated that muricin j could lead molecules to target kinase proteins
responsible for cell proliferation. ADME study enlightened us to take 11 acetogenins for the drug discovery
process in managing cancer treatment.
Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Radiological Assessment Beyond Dento-maxillofacial Imaging: A Review of the Clinical Applications in other Anatomical Districts
Authors: Corazza Ivan , Giannetti Emanuele , Bonzi Giancarlo , Lombi Alessandro , Paolani Giulia , Santoro Miriam , Morrone Maria Francesca , Zecchi Margherita , Rossi Pier Luca
Published: February 2023

Background::

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) represents the optimal imaging solution for the evaluation of the maxillofacial and dental area when quantitative geometric and volumetric accuracy is necessary (e.g., in implantology and orthodontics). Moreover, in recent years, this technique has given excellent results for the imaging of lower and upper extremities. Therefore, significant interest has been increased in using CBCT to investigate larger and non-traditional anatomical districts.

Objective::

The purpose of this work is to review the scientific literature in Pubmed and Scopus on CBCT application beyond head districts by paying attention to image quality and radiological doses.

Methods::

The search for keywords was conducted in Pubmed and Scopus databases with no back-date restriction. Papers on applications of CBCT to head were excluded from the present work. From each considered paper, parameters related to image quality and radiological dose were extracted. An overall qualitative evaluation of the results extracted from each issue was done by comparing the conclusive remarks of each author regarding doses and image quality. PRISMA statements were followed during this process.

Results::

The review retrieved 97 issues from 83 extracted papers; 46 issues presented a comparison between CBCT and Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT), and 51 reviewed only CBCT. The radiological doses given to the patient with CBCT were considered acceptable in 91% of cases, and the final image quality was found in 99%.

Conclusion::

CBCT represents a promising technology not only for imaging of the head and upper and lower extremities but for all the orthopedic districts. Moreover, the application of CBCT derived from C-arms (without the possibility of a 360 ° rotation range) during invasive investigations demonstrates the feasibility of this technique for non-standard anatomical areas, from soft tissues to vascular beds, despite the limits due to the incomplete rotation of the tube.
Current Advances in Nanomaterial-associated Micro and Nano-devices for
SARS-CoV-2 Detection
Authors: Dhahi Thikra S. , Adam Tijjani , Gopinath Subash C.B. , Hashim Uda , Mohammed Aeshah M. , Mohammed Mohammed , Uda Muhammad N.A.
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 spread rapidly around the world in 18 months, with various forms of variants
caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). This has put pressure on the
world community and created an urgent need for understanding its early occurrence through
rapid, simple, cheap, and yet highly accurate diagnosis. The most widely adopted method as of
today is the real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. This test has shown the
potential for rapid testing, but unfortunately, the test is not rapid and, in some cases, displays
false negatives or false positives. The nanomaterials play an important role in creating highly
sensitive systems, and have been thought to significantly improve the performance of the SARSCoV-
2 protocols. Several biosensors based on micro-and nano-sensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection
have been reported, and they employ multi-dimensional hybrids on sensing surfaces with
devices having different sizes and geometries. Zero-to-three-dimension nanomaterial hybrids on
sensing surfaces, including nanofilm hybrids for SARS-CoV-2 detection, were employed with
unprecedented sensitivity and accuracy. Furthermore, the sensors were nanofluidic and mediated
high-performance SARS-CoV-2 detection. This breakthrough has brought the possibility of
making a biosystem on a chip (Bio-SoC) for rapid, cheap, and point-of-care detection. This review
summarises various advancements in nanomaterial-associated nanodevices and metasurface
devices for detecting SARS-CoV-2.
Safety Profile of Molnupiravir with Significant Effect on COVID-19: A
Review
Authors: Mukherjee Tuhin , Mal Payel , Upadhyay Abhay Kumar , Mohanty Satyajit , Nayak Nikita , Singh Ravi Pratap , Pattnaik Ashok , Das Tanisha , Basak Sourav
Published: February 2023

Background:

As the COVID era unfolds, researchers reveal that rapid changes in viral genetic
material allow viruses to circumvent challenges triggered by the host immune system and resist
anti-viral drugs, potentially leading to persistent viral manifestations in host cells. Molnupiravir
(RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor) is a novel anti-viral medicine promising a vital role in
coming setbacks.

Objectives::

This review aims to clarify the safety and efficacy of the molnupiravir molecule in light of
existing case studies. As a result, it is intended to explore and discuss the molecular structure, mechanism
of action, discovery and development process, preclinical research, clinical investigations, and
other subtopics.

Methods:

A total of 75 publications were searched using multiple engines, such as Google Scholar,
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and others, with a constraint
applied to exclude publications published over 11 years ago. Molnupiravir, safety, efficacy, COVID-
19, RdRp, PK-PD, and clinical study were utilized as keywords.

Result:

Clinical results on molnupiravir are supported by investigations that were recently disclosed
in a study on both sex volunteers (male and female) with an age restriction of 19 to 60 years, followed
by a Phase-3 Clinical Trial (NCT04575584) with 775 randomly assigned participants and no fatalities
reported due to treatment.

Conclusion:

Molnupiravir proved a high level of safety, allowing it to be tested further. This review
supports the safety and efficacy of this molecule based on the established evidence, which claims the
most anticipated employment of molnupiravir in COVID protocol.
MicroRNAs Improve Cancer Treatment Outcomes Through Personalized Medicine
Authors: Hatam Saeid
Published: February 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that repress or degrade mRNA targets
to downregulate genes. In cancer occurrence, the expression of miRNAs is altered. Depending
on the involvement of a certain miRNA in the pathogenetic growth of a tumor, It may be up or
downregulated. The “oncogenic” action of miRNAs corresponds with upregulation, which leads to
tumor proliferation and spread meanwhile the miRNAs that have been downregulated bring tumorsuppressive
outcomes. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are among the genes whose expression
is under their control, demonstrating that classifying them solely as oncogenes or tumor suppressor
genes alone is not only hindering but also incorrect. Apart from basic tumors, miRNAs may
be found in nearly all human fluids and can be used for cancer diagnosis as well as clinical outcome
prognostics and better response to treatment strategies. The overall variance of these tiny noncoding
RNAs influences patient-specific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-cancer
medicines, driving a growing demand for personalized medicine. By now, microRNAs from tumor
biopsies or blood are being widely investigated as substantial biomarkers for cancer in time diagnosis,
prognosis, and, progression. With the rise of COVID-19, this paper also attempts to study recent
research on miRNAs involved with deaths in lung cancer COVID patients. With the discovery of
single nucleotide polymorphisms, personalized treatment via microRNAs has lately become a reality.
The present review article describes the highlights of recent knowledge of miRNAs in various
cancers, with a focus on miRNA translational applications as innovative potential diagnostic and
prognostic indicators that expand person-to-person therapy options.
Anticancer Potential of Biologically Active Diosgenin and its Derivatives:
An Update
Authors: Mondal Sadhan
Published: February 2023

Diosgenin (1) is an important steroidal metabolite often used as a precursor material for
the synthesis of a broad array of steroidal drugs. Recent studies have indicated that compound (1)
and many diosgenyl derivatives such as (1→9) possess both in vivo and in vitro biological activities
like antioxidant, hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, immuno-modulatory, and estrogenic including anticancer
activities. This steroidal sapogenin is of increasing interest in the pharmaceutical industry
as it is being explored as an important starting material for the synthesis of oral contraceptives, sex
hormones, and many other steroidal drugs having anticancer potential. Naturally occurring diosgenin,
and its glucoside derivatives are quite abundant in several plant sources, but very little is known
about the biogenesis of this class of secondary plant metabolites. Hence, designing a semi-synthetic
protocol for the improved anticancer potential with enhanced efficacy of diosgenin and its derivatives
is always a challenging field of cutting-edge research in pharmaceutical chemistry. The present
review highlights some of the recent research findings and applications of this group of
triterpenoids as a potential anticancer agent.
Optimal Feature Selection from High-dimensional Microarray Dataset
Employing Hybrid IG-Jaya Model
Authors: Sahu Bibhuprasad , Dash Sujata
Published: February 2023

Background:

Feature selection (FS) is a crucial strategy for dimensionality reduction
in data preprocessing since microarray data sets typically contain redundant and extraneous features
that degrade the performance and complexity of classification models.

Objective:

The purpose of feature selection is to reduce the number of features from highdimensional
cancer datasets and enhance classification accuracy.

Methods:

This research provides a wrapper-based hybrid model integrating information gain
(IG) and Jaya algorithm (JA) for determining the optimum featured genes from high-dimensional
microarray datasets. This paper's comprehensive study is divided into two segments: we employed
the parameterless JA to identify the featured gene subsets in the first stage without filter
methods. Various classifiers evaluate JA's performance, such as SVM, LDA, NB, and DT. In the
second section, we introduce a hybrid IG-JA model. The IG is used as a filter to eliminate redundant
and noisy features. The reduced feature subset is then given to the JA as a wrapper to improve
the hybrid model's performance using the classifiers outlined above.

Results:

We used 13 benchmark microarray data sets from the public repository for experimental
analysis. It is noteworthy to state that the hybrid IG-JA model performs better as compared to its
counterparts.

Conclusion:

Tests and statistics show that the suggested model outperforms the standard feature
selection method with JA and other existing models. Our proposed model is unable to provide the
best accuracy compared to other existing approaches; however, it is quite steady and good. In the
future, this work could be implemented with various filter methods and real-time data sets. A
multi-filter approach with the Jaya algorithm will be used to check the efficiency of the proposed
one. And it would be better to choose any other hybrid model (chaos-based) with Jaya to enhance
the feature selection accuracy with a high dimensional dataset.
COVİD-19 PANDEMİSİNİN MATEMATİK ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN TPAB ÖZGÜVENLERİNE ETKİSİ: BOYLAMSAL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Ardıç Mehmet Alper
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaöğretim matematik öğretmenlerinin pandemide gerçekleştirdikleri uzaktan eğitim faaliyetlerinin teknolojik pedagojik alan bilgisi (TPAB) özgüvenlerine etkisini belirlenmektir. Kohort tarama modelinden yararlanılan çalışmada pandemi öncesinde ve pandemi sürecinde gerçekleştirilen araştırmalara ait bulgular boylamsal bir yaklaşımla değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada 57’si pandemi öncesinde ve 40’ı pandemi sürecinde olmak üzere toplam 97 matematik öğretmenine ait veriler incelenmiştir. Söz konusu veriler TPAB Özgüven ölçeğiyle derlenmiş, MANOVA ve çoklu Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitimle gerçekleştirdikleri öğretim faaliyetlerinin TPAB özgüvenlerine olumlu yönde etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Bu etkinin özellikle pandemi öncesinde görece daha düşük özgüvene sahip kadın öğretmenler ile üst yaş grubundaki öğretmenler ve öğrencilerin derslerde teknoloji kullanımına olumsuz bakan öğretmenler için anlamlı düzeyde olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca uzaktan eğitim faaliyetlerinin öğretmenlerin yüz yüze derslerde teknoloji kullanım sıklıklarına olumlu yönde etkisinin olduğu fakat bunun TPAB özgüvenlerinde herhangi bir değişime neden olmadığı görülmüştür. Öte yandan öğretmenlerin yararlandıkları teknolojik araç ve yazılım çeşitlilikleri incelendiğinde uzaktan eğitim sürecinde alışa gelmiş oldukları geleneksel öğretim rutinlerinden çok da uzaklaşmadıkları ve bu bağlamda TPAB özgüvenlerinin de farklılık göstermediği anlaşılmıştır.
The Imjin war expressed in ancient poems: aspects of struggle and sufferings
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Kang Ji-hee
Published: February 2023

The Imjin War(Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592) lasted for seven years. It did Joseon big damage and had a great impact on the change of situation of Northeast Asia. In this paper, I analyzed Korean ancient poems expressed disastrous scenes of the Imjin War. The main subject is divided into three sections: first, the defeat and sacrifice of the government army; second, a struggle and activity of a commander of volunteers; third, sufferings and injury of the people.
Kim, Je-gap, the governor of Wonju, died a glorious death on the field of battle at Youngwon fortress. Won-ho, a deputy commander of Gangwon province, won a victory in battle at Yeo-river but eventually died in battle at Kimhwa. Shin-gak won a victory in battle at Haeyou-ryeong of Yangju. It was the first victory of Joseon in a land battle. But he was put to death unfairly due to a wrong report. After the war, Lee, Hae-su wrote Nanhu- domangrok and Gu, Sa-maeng wrote Nanhu-jomangrok. Each book is a collection of poems lamenting the war dead. They both wrote condolence poems for Kim, Je-gap, Won-ho and Shin-gak. These poems show the whole problems of government forces; insufficiency for the enemy’s surprise attack, disuse of steep landform, betrayal of uncontrolled inside people, carelessness due to only one victory, a false punishment due to wrong communication, etc.
Woo, Seong-jeon as a commander of volunteers defended the Japanese invaders at Kimpo and Ganghwa. Lee, Jeong-am, the governor of Yeonan, defended the fortress against the enemy. Lee, Hae-su, Gu, Sa-maeng, Hwang-seom, and Dasan wrote poems about these two people. Reading the poems, we come to know that a victor did not get any special privilege but did receive a reprimand instead. Hwang-seom and Dasan praised Lee, Jeong-am’s contribution to keeping the fortress. And Dasan also praised Shin-gak’s contribution to defensive preparation of Yeonan before.
Lee-Dal and Heo-Gyun described sufferings and hurts of the people in their poems. Lee-Dal portrayed a grandfather who held a memorial service for his son died in a war, a young widow who lost her husband in a war and has raised her daughter by herself, and an elderly couple who was fleeing to neighboring province losing their son and daughter-in-law. Heo-Gyun wrote a long piece, Nogaekbuwon, which described a woman’s checkered life in a war.
A Study on Mt. Palgong Meetings(八公山會盟) and Literary Works of Participants during the Japanese Invasion to Korea
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Park Hyun-Kyu
Published: February 2023

This study is about Mt. Palgong Meetings among war leaders of Korea, the general process of battles in the mountain, and literary works of meeting participants during the Imjin War(Japanese Invasion to Korea, 1592~1598; 壬辰倭亂).
It has been known that Mt. Palgong Meetings were held two times - in March 1596(the 29th year of the King Seonjo 宣祖) and September 1596. But, this study reveals that the meetings were held two more times - in September 1592(the 25th year of the King Seonjo) and September 1594(the 27th year of the King Seonjo). Among the meetings, only what was held in March 1596 was led by the central government, while the other three meetings were voluntarily led by volunteer army leaders. At the battle in September 1597(the 30th year of the King Seonjo), those leaders who had participated in Mt. Palgong Meetings led the volunteer soldiers in defeating the Japanese troops.
At Mt. Palgong Meetings, voluntary army leaders would express their visions about the world and the country with many patriotic literary works. The works of such leaders written at the meeting of September 1596 can be divided into two types: responsory and presenting poems(和唱詩) and linking verses poems(聯詩). While Mt. Palgong Meetings and Mt. Palgong battles were important historical accidents which would allow us to grasp the organizations and activities of volunteer armies, there remains no such historical space in the Mt. Palgong region.
Association of Uncontrolled Hypertension or Diabetes Mellitus With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in South Korea: Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Oh Sung-Hee , Kim Dohyang , Hwang Jinseub , Kang Jae-Heon , Kwon Yeongkeun , Kwon Jin-Won
Published: February 2023

Background

Managing hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is crucial to preventing cardiovascular diseases. Few studies have investigated the incidence and risk of cardiovascular diseases or mortality in uncontrolled HT or DM in the Asian population. Epidemiological studies of cardiovascular disease should be conducted with continuous consideration of the changing disease risk profiles, lifestyles, and socioeconomic status over time.

Objective

We aimed to examine the association of uncontrolled HT or DM with the incidence of cardiovascular events or deaths from any cause.

Methods

This population-based retrospective study was conducted using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service–National Health Screening Cohort, including patients aged 40-79 years who participated in national screening from 2002 to 2003 and were followed up until 2015. The health screening period from 2002 to 2013 was stratified into 6 index periods in 2-year cycles, and the follow-up period from 2004 to 2015 was stratified accordingly into 6 subsequent 2-year periods. The incidence rates and hazard ratio (HR) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and death from any cause were estimated according to HT or DM control status. Extended Cox models with time-dependent variables updated every 2 years, including sociodemographic characteristics, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), medication prescription, and adherence, were used.

Results

Among the total cohort of 440,249 patients, 155,765 (35.38%) were in the uncontrolled HT or DM group. More than 60% of the patients with HT or DM who were prescribed medications did not achieve the target BP or FBG. The incidence of MACE was 10.8-15.5 and 9.6-13.3 per 1000 person-years in the uncontrolled DM and uncontrolled HT groups, respectively, and increased with age. In the uncontrolled HT and DM group, the incidence of MACE was high (15.2-17.5 per 1000 person-years) at a relatively young age and showed no age-related trend. Adjusted HR for MACE were 1.28 (95% CI 1.23-1.32) for the uncontrolled DM group, 1.32 (95% CI 1.29-1.35) for the uncontrolled HT group, and 1.54 (95% CI 1.47-1.60) for the uncontrolled HT and DM group. Adjusted HR for death from any cause were 1.05 (95% CI 1.01-1.10) for the uncontrolled DM group, 1.13 (95% CI 1.10-1.16) for the uncontrolled HT group, and 1.17 (95% CI 1.12-1.23) for the uncontrolled HT and DM group.

Conclusions

This up-to-date evidence of cardiovascular epidemiology in South Korea serves as the basis for planning public health policies to prevent cardiovascular diseases. The high uncontrolled rates of HT or DM, regardless of medication prescription, have led us to suggest the need for a novel system for effective BP or glycemic control, such as a community-wide management program using mobile health technology.
One Year of COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Twitter: Longitudinal Study
Authors: Pierri Francesco , DeVerna Matthew R , Yang Kai-Cheng , Axelrod David , Bryden John , Menczer Filippo
Published: February 2023

Background

Vaccinations play a critical role in mitigating the impact of COVID-19 and other diseases. Past research has linked misinformation to increased hesitancy and lower vaccination rates. Gaps remain in our knowledge about the main drivers of vaccine misinformation on social media and effective ways to intervene.

Objective

Our longitudinal study had two primary objectives: (1) to investigate the patterns of prevalence and contagion of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on Twitter in 2021, and (2) to identify the main spreaders of vaccine misinformation. Given our initial results, we further considered the likely drivers of misinformation and its spread, providing insights for potential interventions.

Methods

We collected almost 300 million English-language tweets related to COVID-19 vaccines using a list of over 80 relevant keywords over a period of 12 months. We then extracted and labeled news articles at the source level based on third-party lists of low-credibility and mainstream news sources, and measured the prevalence of different kinds of information. We also considered suspicious YouTube videos shared on Twitter. We focused our analysis of vaccine misinformation spreaders on verified and automated Twitter accounts.

Results

Our findings showed a relatively low prevalence of low-credibility information compared to the entirety of mainstream news. However, the most popular low-credibility sources had reshare volumes comparable to those of many mainstream sources, and had larger volumes than those of authoritative sources such as the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization. Throughout the year, we observed an increasing trend in the prevalence of low-credibility news about vaccines. We also observed a considerable amount of suspicious YouTube videos shared on Twitter. Tweets by a small group of approximately 800 “superspreaders” verified by Twitter accounted for approximately 35% of all reshares of misinformation on an average day, with the top superspreader (@RobertKennedyJr) responsible for over 13% of retweets. Finally, low-credibility news and suspicious YouTube videos were more likely to be shared by automated accounts.

Conclusions

The wide spread of misinformation around COVID-19 vaccines on Twitter during 2021 shows that there was an audience for this type of content. Our findings are also consistent with the hypothesis that superspreaders are driven by financial incentives that allow them to profit from health misinformation. Despite high-profile cases of deplatformed misinformation superspreaders, our results show that in 2021, a few individuals still played an outsized role in the spread of low-credibility vaccine content. As a result, social media moderation efforts would be better served by focusing on reducing the online visibility of repeat spreaders of harmful content, especially during public health crises.
The Feasibility of Using Smartphone Sensors to Track Insomnia, Depression, and Anxiety in Adults and Young Adults: Narrative Review
Authors: Alamoudi Doaa , Breeze Emma , Crawley Esther , Nabney Ian
Published: February 2023

Background

Since the era of smartphones started in early 2007, they have steadily turned into an accepted part of our lives. Poor sleep is a health problem that needs to be closely monitored before it causes severe mental health problems, such as anxiety or depression. Sleep disorders (eg, acute insomnia) can also develop to chronic insomnia if not treated early. More specifically, mental health problems have been recognized to have casual links to anxiety, depression, heart disease, obesity, dementia, diabetes, and cancer. Several researchers have used mobile sensors to monitor sleep and to study changes in individual mood that may cause depression and anxiety.

Objective

Extreme sleepiness and insomnia not only influence physical health, they also have a significant impact on mental health, such as by causing depression, which has a prevalence of 18% to 21% among young adults aged 16 to 24 in the United Kingdom. The main body of this narrative review explores how passive data collection through smartphone sensors can be used in predicting anxiety and depression.

Methods

A narrative review of the English language literature was performed. We investigated the use of smartphone sensors as a method of collecting data from individuals, regardless of whether the data source was active or passive. Articles were found from a search of Google Scholar records (from 2013 to 2020) with keywords including “mobile phone,” “mobile applications,” “health apps,” “insomnia,” “mental health,” “sleep monitoring,” “depression,” “anxiety,” “sleep disorder,” “lack of sleep,” “digital phenotyping,” “mobile sensing,” “smartphone sensors,” and “sleep detector.”

Results

The 12 articles presented in this paper explain the current practices of using smartphone sensors for tracking sleep patterns and detecting changes in mental health, especially depression and anxiety over a period of time. Several researchers have been exploring technological methods to detect sleep using smartphone sensors. Researchers have also investigated changes in smartphone sensors and linked them with mental health and well-being.

Conclusions

The conducted review provides an overview of the possibilities of using smartphone sensors unobtrusively to collect data related to sleeping pattern, depression, and anxiety. This provides a unique research opportunity to use smartphone sensors to detect insomnia and provide early detection or intervention for mental health problems such as depression and anxiety if insomnia is detected.
Education of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Mobile Virtual Patient Environment: Protocol for a Multicenter Pseudorandomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Antoniou Panagiotis , Dafli Eleni , Giannakoulas George , Igimbayeva Gaukhar , Visternichan Olga , Kyselov Serhii , Lykhasenko Ivetta , Lashkul Dmytro , Nadareishvili Ilia , Tabagari Sergo , Bamidis Panagiotis D
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Patient knowledge about AF and its management is paramount but often limited. Patients need to be appropriately informed about treatment options, medicinal adherence, and potential consequences of nonadherence, while also understanding treatment goals and expectations from it. Mobile health apps have experienced an explosion both in their availability and acceptance as “soft interventions” for patient engagement and education; however, the prolific nature of such solutions revealed a gap in the evidence base regarding their efficacy and impact. Virtual patients (VPs), interactive computer simulations, have been used as learning activities in modern health care education. VPs demonstrably improved cognitive and behavioral skills; hence, they have been effectively implemented across undergraduate and postgraduate curricula. However, their application in patient education has been rather limited so far.

OBJECTIVE

This work aims to implement and evaluate the efficacy of a mobile-deployed VP regimen for the education and engagement of patients with AF on crucial topics regarding their condition. A mobile VP app is being developed with the goal of each VP being a simple scenario with a set goal and very specific messages and will be subsequently attempted and evaluated.

METHODS

A mobile VP player app is being developed so as to be used for the design of 3 educational scenarios for AF management. A pseudorandomized controlled trial for the efficacy of VPs is planned to be executed at 3 sites in Greece, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan for patients with AF. The Welch t test will be used to demonstrate the performance of patients’ evaluation of the VP experience.

RESULTS

Our study is at the development stage. A preliminary study regarding the system’s development and feasibility was initiated in December 2022. The results of our study are expected to be available in 2024 or when the needed sample size is achieved.

CONCLUSIONS

This study aims to evaluate and demonstrate the first significant evidence for the value of VP resources in outreach and training endeavors for empowering and patients with AF and fostering healthy habits among them.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/45946
Understanding Intersectional Ageism and Stigma of Dementia: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Bacsu Juanita-Dawne , Kortzman August , Fraser Sarah , Chasteen Alison L , MacDonald Jennifer , O'Connell Megan E
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Ageism and stigma reduce the quality of life of older adults living with dementia. However, there is a paucity of literature addressing the intersection and combined effects of ageism and stigma of dementia. This intersectionality, rooted in the social determinants of health (ie, social support and access to health care), compounds health disparities and is, therefore, an important area of inquiry.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review protocol outlines a methodology that will be used to examine ageism and stigma confronting older adults living with dementia. The aim of this scoping review will be to identify the definitional components, indicators, and measures used to track and evaluate the impact of ageism and stigma of dementia. More specifically, this review will focus on examining the commonalities and differences in definitions and measures to develop a better understanding of intersectional ageism and stigma of dementia as well as the current state of the literature.

METHODS

Guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s 5-stage framework, our scoping review will be conducted by searching 6 electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase) and a web-based search engine (ie, Google Scholar). Reference lists of relevant journal articles will be hand-searched to identify additional articles. The results from our scoping review will be presented using the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews) checklist.

RESULTS

This scoping review protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework on January 17, 2023. Data collection and analysis and manuscript writing will occur from March to September 2023. The target date for manuscript submission will be October 2023. Findings from our scoping review will be disseminated through various means, such as journal articles, webinars, national networks, and conference presentations.

CONCLUSIONS

Our scoping review will summarize and compare the core definitions and measures used to understand ageism and stigma toward older adults with dementia. This is significant because there is limited research addressing the intersectionality of ageism and stigma of dementia. Accordingly, findings from our study may provide critical knowledge and insight to help inform future research, programs, and policies to address intersectional ageism and stigma of dementia.

CLINICALTRIAL

Open Science Framework; https://osf.io/yt49k

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/46093
COVID-19 and mental distress among health professionals: a cross-sectional survey over eight European countries during the third wave (Preprint)
Authors: Dechent Frieder , Mayer Gwendolyn , Hummel Svenja , Moritz Steffen , Benoy Charles , Resende de Almeida Rosa Maria , Durán Raquel Losada , Ribeiro Oscar , Frisardi Vincenza , Tarricone Ilaria , Ferrari Silvia , Lemogne Cédric , Huber Christian G. , Weidt Steffi , Schultz Jobst-Hendrik
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has so far shown a wave-like course with a significant increase in the number of cases, the associated number of deaths, and the burden on the health system. After the start of the pandemic in the spring of 2020, a third major wave occurred in Europe during autumn and winter 2021/2022, leading to stress related mental health challenges for health professionals.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to elucidate the mental health of physicians, nurses, and other professional groups in Europe. Moreover, in addition to this, we investigated specific challenges regarding the job related burden of physicians and nurses.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional online survey during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 8 European countries. We asked for demographic data, whether the participants were exposed to COVID-19 at work or not, and for the main information sources about the pandemic. Mental health was assessed via the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). A 23-item questionnaire on major stressors was completed by medical professionals. Statistical analyses carried out to find predictors of mental health among health care professionals.

RESULTS

The sample (N=1,398) consisted of 237 physicians, 459 nurses, and 351 participants with further jobs in healthcare and 351 non-medical professionals with no direct involvement in patient care . The mean mental health of all groups was affected to a mild degree. A total of 23.3 % (n=326) report severe or very severe levels of depression, while 18.2% (n=255) express severe or very severe levels of anxiety, and 25.4% (n=355) show severe or very severe levels of stress. Major predictors were profession group for depression and anxiety (DASS-D p=.029; DASS-A p=0.02) with higher scores especially in the group of the nurses and for the group working directly with COVID-patients (DASS-D p=.001; DASS-A p=.026; DASS-S p=.014). Employees of the intensive care units and general inpatient departments showed the highest psychological burden. "Uncertainty about when the epidemic will be under control" was the most important stressor for health care professionals. Ultimately, a higher use of social media correlated with a higher score in the three DASS-21 subscales.

CONCLUSIONS

In the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the psychological burden on health professionals has remained high, with nurses in particular being affected. We found as a main result that that nurses scored significantly higher on depression and anxiety than practitioners. These differences were also reflected in the different levels of stressors that we evaluated for nurses and physicians.