bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Data Processing of the LAMOST Medium-resolution Spectral Survey of Galactic Nebulae (LAMOST MRS-N Pipeline)
Authors: Wu Chao-Jian , Wu Hong , Zhang Wei , Li Yao , Ren Juan-Juan , Chen Jian-Jun , Hsia Chih-Hao , Wu Yu-Zhong , Zhu Hui , Li Bin , Hou Yong-Hui
Published: May 2022

The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) medium-resolution spectral survey of Galactic Nebulae (MRS-N) has conducted for more than three years since 2018 September and observed more than 190 thousand nebular spectra and 20 thousand stellar spectra. However, there is not yet a data processing pipeline for nebular spectra. To significantly improve the accuracy of nebulae classification and their physical parameters, we developed the MRS-N Pipeline. This article presented in detail each data processing step of the MRS-N Pipeline, such as removing cosmic rays, merging single exposure, fitting sky light emission lines, wavelength recalibration, subtracting skylight, measuring nebular parameters, creating catalogs and packing spectra. Finally, a description of the data products, including nebular spectra files and parameter catalogs, is provided.
H i Vertical Structure of Nearby Edge-on Galaxies from CHANG-ES
Authors: Zheng Yun , Wang Jing , Irwin Judith , Daniel Wang Q. , Li Jiangtao , English Jayanne , Ma Qingchuan , Wang Ran , Wang Ke , Krause Marita , Randriamampandry Toky H. , Beck Rainer
Published: May 2022

We study the vertical distribution of the highly inclined galaxies from the Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies—an EVLA Survey (CHANG-ES). We explore the feasibility of photometrically deriving the H i disk scale heights from the moment-0 images of the relatively edge-on galaxies with inclination >80°, by quantifying the systematic broadening effects and thus deriving correction equations for direct measurements. The corrected H i disk scale heights of the relatively edge-on galaxies from the CHANG-ES sample show trends consistent with the quasi-equilibrium model of the vertical structure of gas disks. The procedure provides a convenient way to derive the scale heights and can easily be applied to statistical samples in the future.
Effect of charge trapping on electrical characteristics of silicon junctionless nanowire transistor
Authors: Fu Yifan , Ma Liuhong , Duan Zhiyong , Han Weihua
Published: May 2022

We investigated the effect of charge trapping on electrical characteristics of silicon junctionless nanowire transistors which are fabricated on heavily n-type doped silicon-on-insulator substrate. The obvious random telegraph noise and current hysteresis observed at the temperature of 10 K indicate the existence of acceptor-like traps. The position depth of the traps in the oxide from Si/SiO2 interface is 0.35 nm, calculated by utilizing the dependence of the capture and emission time on the gate voltage. Moreover, by constructing a three-dimensional model of tri-gate device structure in COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, we achieved the trap density of 1.9 × 1012 cm–2 and the energy level position of traps at 0.18 eV below the intrinsic Fermi level.
Sequential epiretinal stimulation improves discrimination in simple shape discrimination tasks only
Authors: Christie Breanne , Sadeghi Roksana , Kartha Arathy , Caspi Avi , Tenore Francesco V , Klatzky Roberta L , Dagnelie Gislin , Billings Seth
Published: May 2022

Objective. Electrical stimulation of the retina can elicit flashes of light called phosphenes, which can be used to restore rudimentary vision for people with blindness. Functional sight requires stimulation of multiple electrodes to create patterned vision, but phosphenes tend to merge together in an uninterpretable way. Sequentially stimulating electrodes in human visual cortex has recently demonstrated that shapes could be ‘drawn’ with better perceptual resolution relative to simultaneous stimulation. The goal of this study was to evaluate if sequential stimulation would also form clearer shapes when the retina is the neural target. Approach. Two human participants with retinitis pigmentosa who had Argus® II epiretinal prostheses participated in this study. We evaluated different temporal parameters for sequential stimulation and performed phosphene shape mapping and forced choice discrimination tasks. For the discrimination tasks, performance was compared between stimulating electrodes simultaneously versus sequentially. Main results. Phosphenes elicited by different electrodes were reported as vastly different shapes. For sequential stimulation, the optimal pulse train duration was 200 ms when stimulating at 20 Hz and the optimal gap interval was tied between 0 and 50 ms. Sequential electrode stimulation outperformed simultaneous stimulation in simple discrimination tasks, in which shapes were created by stimulating 3–4 electrodes, but not in more complex discrimination tasks involving ≥5 electrodes. The efficacy of sequential stimulation depended strongly on selecting electrodes that elicited phosphenes with similar shapes and sizes. Significance. An epiretinal prosthesis can produce coherent simple shapes with a sequential stimulation paradigm, which can be used as rudimentary visual feedback. However, success in creating more complex shapes, such as letters of the alphabet, is still limited. Sequential stimulation may be most beneficial for epiretinal prostheses in simple tasks, such as basic navigation, rather than complex tasks such as novel object identification.
A low-power communication scheme for wireless, 1000 channel brain–machine interfaces
Authors: Costello Joseph T , Nason-Tomaszewski Samuel R , An Hyochan , Lee Jungho , Mender Matthew J , Temmar Hisham , Wallace Dylan M , Lim Jongyup , Willsey Matthew S , Patil Parag G , Jang Taekwang , Phillips Jamie D , Kim Hun-Seok , Blaauw David , Chestek Cynthia A
Published: May 2022

Objective. Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) have the potential to restore motor function but are currently limited by electrode count and long-term recording stability. These challenges may be solved through the use of free-floating ‘motes’ which wirelessly transmit recorded neural signals, if power consumption can be kept within safe levels when scaling to thousands of motes. Here, we evaluated a pulse-interval modulation (PIM) communication scheme for infrared (IR)-based motes that aims to reduce the wireless data rate and system power consumption. Approach. To test PIM’s ability to efficiently communicate neural information, we simulated the communication scheme in a real-time closed-loop BMI with non-human primates. Additionally, we performed circuit simulations of an IR-based 1000-mote system to calculate communication accuracy and total power consumption. Main results. We found that PIM at 1 kb/s per channel maintained strong correlations with true firing rate and matched online BMI performance of a traditional wired system. Closed-loop BMI tests suggest that lags as small as 30 ms can have significant performance effects. Finally, unlike other IR communication schemes, PIM is feasible in terms of power, and neural data can accurately be recovered on a receiver using 3 mW for 1000 channels. Significance. These results suggest that PIM-based communication could significantly reduce power usage of wireless motes to enable higher channel-counts for high-performance BMIs.
Development of dual X-mode Doppler reflectometry system in Heliotron J
Authors: Kondo Y. , Ohshima S. , Kuwahara D. , Inoshita K. , Fukuda T. , Minami T. , Kado S. , Kobayashi S. , Konoshima S. , Mizuuchi T. , Okada H. , Tomita T. , Nagasaki K.
Published: May 2022

A dual X-mode Doppler reflectometry system is developed to measure the radial electric field in a stellarator/heliotron device, Heliotron J. The system is designed to have dual channels where the observation points are placed symmetrically to the equatorial plane, enabling the poloidal flow velocity measurement at two different positions in the same toroidal section, which is useful for the search for a zonal flow. In the system, an RF source generates the microwave frequency of 8.25–12.5 GHz, upconverted by an intermediate frequency of 27.5 MHz and transmitted with a coaxial cable to a transmitter located near the Heliotoron J vacuum vessel. After quadrupling the RF waves at the transmitter, the microwaves of 33–50 GHz are injected in X-mode into a plasma using a spherical focusing mirror installed inside the vacuum vessel. The local wavenumber of the probing microwaves, k
⊥, is 1.56–1.66 cm−1. The Doppler-shifted reflected wave is downconverted to a 110 MHz signal by mixing with the LO at the receiver, amplified, and then detected by an I/Q detector. In a tabletop test, we have confirmed that the phase estimated by the I/Q detector is proportionally changed as a function of the horn antenna distance. We have successfully measured the Doppler-shifted spectra of the I/Q signals and estimated the radial electric field in an electron cyclotron heated (ECH) plasma.
Cryogenic bath-type heat exchangers for ultra-pure noble gas applications
Authors: Murra M. , Schulte D. , Cristescu I. , Disdier J.-M. , Huhmann C. , Tatananni D. , Weinheimer C.
Published: May 2022

Two cryogenic bath-type heat exchangers for ultra-pure noble
gas applications were developed with particular emphasis on noble
gas liquefaction in cryogenic distillation systems. The main
objective was to construct heat exchangers for xenon from materials
that do not emanate radon and that fulfill ultra-high vacuum
standards. Therefore, only high-quality copper and stainless steel
materials were used. Especially, large-area oxygen-free copper fins
with high conductivity in a new design ensure efficient heat
transfer. One bath-type Xe-Xe heat exchanger was designed with a
diameter of 50 cm to achieve a xenon condensing capacity of at
least 100 kg/h. In order to guarantee the necessary heat transfer
between the two xenon reservoirs, this heat exchanger features a
specially manufactured stainless steel flange with a copper plate
welded inside. We first tested our concept on a dedicated bath-type
heat exchanger with a reduced diameter of 30 cm using liquid
nitrogen to liquefy the xenon. A model based on conservative
assumptions such as film boiling on the nitrogen side and film
condensation on the xenon side was developed and applied to
caluclate the expected heat transfer for our design. We were able to
demonstrate an adjustable xenon liquefaction rate of up to 113 kg/h
limited only by our measurement procedure at a cooling efficiency of
(0.98 ± 0.03) for the LN2-Xe heat exchanger.
Very large SiPM arrays with aggregated output
Authors: Razeto A. , Acerbi F. , Camillo V. , Carlini M. , Consiglio L. , Flammini A. , Galbiati C. , Ghiano C. , Gola A. , Horikawa S. , Kachru P. , Kochanek I. , Kondo K. , Korga G. , Mazzi A. , Moharana A. , Paternoster G. , Sablone D. , Basco A. , Bocci V. , Bonivento W. , Bottino B. , Caminata A. , Copello S. , Di Capua F. , Giovanetti G.K. , La Commara M. , Musico P. , Paoloni E. , Rignanese L.P. , Sanfilippo S. , Savarese C. , Suvorov Y. , Testera G.
Published: May 2022

In this work we will document the design and the performances of a SiPM-based photo-detector with a surface area of 100 cm2 conceived to operate as a replacement for PMTs. The signals from 94 SiPMs are summed up to produce an aggregated output that exhibits in liquid nitrogen a dark count rate (DCR) lower than 100 cps over the entire surface, a signal to noise ratio better than 13, and a timing resolution better than 5.5 ns. The module feeds about 360 mW at 5 V with a dynamic range in excess of 500 photo-electrons on a 100 Ω differential line. The unit can also operate at room temperature, at the cost of an increase of DCR to 108 cps.
Decoupling environmental water markets from water law
Authors: Womble Philip , Townsend Allen , Szeptycki Leon F
Published: May 2022

Environmental water markets have emerged as a tool for restoring flows in rivers across the world. Prior literature suggests that certain legal conditions are necessary for these markets to function. However, we find substantial market activity has occurred without these legal conditions through market and legal data collected in five core U.S. Colorado River basin states (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming) from 2014 to 2020. Ninety-five percent of the 446 water transactions sidestepped formal legal processes to transfer water rights to the environment. We also find that government regulatory and conservation programs, not private-sector investment, have driven most environmental water market activity. Government spending is the dominant funding source, with 90% of the $53 million spent coming from governments and 68% from the U.S. federal government alone. Finally, our analysis finds that current market activity would be insufficient to stave off future curtailment of critical water users under the Colorado River Compact and that $86–89 million annually in new investment is required to do so. In a basin experiencing a historic megadrought, our analysis suggests prioritizing such new investments over legal reform. Global implications are that such flow restoration is possible where legal regimes for environmental water markets do not already exist.
Who’s fighting for justice?: advocacy in energy justice and just transition scholarship
Authors: Shelton Rebecca E , Eakin Hallie
Published: May 2022

Recent political, economic and policy change in the US, Australia, and Europe, in particular, have put transitions towards low-carbon energy futures at the forefront of local and national policy agendas. How these transitions are managed is likely to affect the feasibility, timing and scope of transition policy. Recognizing the existing maldistribution of the benefits and burdens of fossil fuel-based extraction, energy generation, and distribution, advocates and scholars increasingly call for policies that not only support decarbonization goals, but also those of equity. Proposals that do not contain such goals may be met with resistance. This review examines the politics of achieving more just outcomes by asking, what is our current understanding of justice advocacy and the impacts of such advocacy on the energy transition? In this study, we systematically review articles that include the key concepts of ‘just transition’ or ‘energy justice’ and that examine advocacy in energy transition contexts. We find advocates from diverse communities and affiliated with varied organizational types are involved in advocacy. Diverse issues motivate advocates and the most common advocate type in the literature are residents that are affected by local impacts of energy transition decisions. Extra-institutional tactics are the most common means of advocate action. We also find that advocacy is often motivated by issues related to decision-making processes and environmental degradation. These findings illuminate that: (a) energy systems and transitions are governed by processes and institutions that are often inaccessible, (b) advocates often attempt to affect change using tactics external to such processes and institutions, and (c) issues of environmental degradation are often prominent in advocacy discourse concerning the energy transition. Future research should seek to more clearly determine advocates’ primary motivations and the tactics and actions that ultimately aid or hinder more equitable outcomes.
Self-sustained oscillations of active viscoelastic matter
Authors: Plan Emmanuel L C VI M , Le Thi Huong , Yeomans Julia M , Doostmohammadi Amin
Published: May 2022

Models of active nematics in biological systems normally require complexity arising from the hydrodynamics involved at the microscopic level as well as the viscoelastic nature of the system. Here we show that a minimal, space-independent, model based on the temporal alignment of active and polymeric particles provides an avenue to predict and study their coupled dynamics within the framework of dynamical systems. In particular, we examine, using analytical and numerical methods, how such a simple model can display self-sustained oscillations in an activity-driven viscoelastic shear flow.
Markov chains generated by convolutions of orthogonality measures
Authors: Odake Satoru , Sasaki Ryu
Published: May 2022

About two dozens of exactly solvable Markov chains on one-dimensional finite and semi-infinite integer lattices are constructed in terms of convolutions of orthogonality measures of the Krawtchouk, Hahn, Meixner, Charlier,q-Hahn,q-Meixner and littleq-Jacobi polynomials. By construction, the stationary probability distributions, the complete sets of eigenvalues and eigenvectors are provided by the polynomials and the orthogonality measures. An interesting property possessed by these stationary probability distributions, called ‘convolutional self-similarity,’ is demonstrated.
Estimating entropy production rates with first-passage processes
Authors: Neri Izaak
Published: May 2022

We consider the problem of estimating the mean entropy production rate in a nonequilibrium process from the measurements of first-passage quantities associated with a single current. For first-passage processes with large thresholds, references (Roldánet al2015Phys. Rev. Lett.115250602; Neri 2022SciPost Phys.12139) identified a ratio of first-passage observables—involving the mean first-passage time, the splitting probability, and the first-passage thresholds—that lower bounds the entropy production rate and is an unbiased estimator of the entropy production rate when applied to a current that is proportional to the stochastic entropy production. Here, we show that also at finite thresholds, a finite number of realisations of the nonequilibrium process, and for currents that are not proportional to the stochastic entropy production, first-passage ratios can accurately estimate the rate of dissipation. In particular, first-passage ratios capture a finite fraction of the total entropy production rate in regimes far from thermal equilibrium where thermodynamic uncertainty ratios capture a negligible fraction of the total entropy production rate. Moreover, we show that first-passage ratios incorporate nonMarkovian statistics in the estimated value of the dissipation rate, which is difficult to include in estimates based on Kullback–Leibler divergences. Taken together, we show that entropy production estimation with first-passage ratios complements well estimation methods based on thermodynamic uncertainty ratios and Kullback–Leibler divergences.
Characteristics of moringa leaf powder as fortification and consumer acceptance
Authors: Handayani Y , Aminah S , Yanis M , Waryat
Published: May 2022

Moringa Oleifera is not only rich in nutrients but also has functional properties with efficacies and benefits for human health. Moringa leaf powder as an intermediate product can be used as a fortification to enrich nutrition in food products in an acceptable concentrate for consumers. This study aims to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of Moringa leaf powder and the level of consumer acceptance of the fortification product. The research included the process of making Moringa leaf powder until the preeminent temperature and drying time were obtained and the use of Moringa leaf powder as a fortification in ice cream. Fortification of ice cream used four treatments of the powder concentration in 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. The results showed the yield of the powder was 25%, with a 7.80 % water content at a temperature of 47° – 50 °C for five hours. The level of consumer acceptance of fortified ice cream shows the same acceptance of color, aroma, texture, except taste. Consumers prefer formulas with a concentration of 1% Moringa powder, 5% creamer, 15% sugar, 0.5 % CMC, and 78.5 % milk. Moringa aroma and taste have an impact on consumer acceptance of Moringa ice cream.
The effect of land cover forest on fluctuations in availability of water in the Batutegi Dam, Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Artika E , Yuwono S B , Banuwa I S , Setiawan A , Bakri S , Wahono E P
Published: May 2022

The Sekampung Hulu watershed has an important role in Lampung Province, as a catchment area for the Batutegi Dam with the main function as a supplier of irrigation water therefore it is very dependent on the availability of water (inflow). The inflow fluctuation is one of the indicators to determine the hydrological condition. The relationship between forest cover and inflow fluctuations was obtained from forest cover analysis on Landsat images using the object-oriented classification (OOC) method and inflow fluctuation analysis, followed by regression analysis between them. The results showed that the total inflow value in 2005 - 2020 is fluctuated with the lowest total inflow value of 6862.243 m3/S in 2015 and the highest value of 9296.141m3/S in 2020. Inflow fluctuation from 2005-2020 was included in the low and moderate category. The condition of forest cover in the Sekampung Hulu watershed in 2005-2020 has increased and decreased in each period. Analysis of the relationship between forest cover and inflow fluctuations is a significant with a p-value of 0.092 with a 90% confidence level. The results showed that the condition of forest cover greatly affects the stability of the water availability of the Batutegi Dam.
Adaption strategy of fisherman to climate change: A case study from Limau Sub-District, Tanggamus Regency
Authors: Mutolib A , Rahmat A , Listiana I , Yanfika H , Widyastuti R A D , Riantini M
Published: May 2022

Climate change is a natural phenomenon that occurs all over the world and has a negative impact on many sectors, one of which is the fishery sector. One of the communities that are most vulnerable to the impact of climate change is the fishing community in coastal areas. Fishermen depend on the availability of fish in the sea, as well as the weather and other aspects related to climate and nature. This study aims to identify the fishermen's efforts and adaptation strategies towards climate change. Data collection was carried out from July to August 2020 in Limau Sub-District, Tanggamus Regency with a total respondent number of 80 fishermen households. Respondents were determined through the approach of simple random sampling. The data collected consisted of both qualitative and quantitative data. Data collection was performed through the method of survey, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and interviews with key informants. Data collected was analyzed using the Qualitative Descriptive approach. The results of the study show that fishermen in Limau Sub-district have made some adaptations to climate change in coastal areas through income diversification, diversification of fishing gear, migration, and social network development among fishermen
The estimated total area of forest fire in Siak Regency, Riau Province during the early period of COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Mustofa M H , Syaufina L , Puspaningsih N
Published: May 2022

Forest fires in Indonesia are more prominently caused by human factors rather than natural factors. In 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak resulted in social distancing policies which leads to the restriction and limitation of human activities. This research aims to compare the forest fire areas and the number of cases between the early period of the COVID-19 outbreak and the normal period before the outbreak. In this research, we used Sentinel-2 images for further analysis through visual method and Normalized Burn Ratio method. Additionally, the ground check was also carried out in the burnt area. The estimation based on the visual analysis resulted in a total burnt area of 459.71 ha with 4 counts of cases. While based on the NBR result, it was 302.79 ha. For comparison, during the same period in 2019 in the same focus research area, there are 7 forest fire cases with a total burnt area of 1,236.80 ha. These results indicate that in terms of total burnt area and count of cases, there are fewer burnt areas in 2020 compared to the burnt areas in 2019. In conclusion, restrictions on human activity are suspected to be the cause of the reduced area of the fire.
Bird’s species response to the ex-coal mining reclamation stages
Authors: Atmoko T , Nugroho A W , Mukhlisi
Published: May 2022

Birds played an essential role in the life cycle. This study aimed to determine the bird diversity in coal mining reclamation areas with different ages of reclamation plants: one, four, and eight years old, located in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The bird diversity was determined using two methods: direct observation and capture-released using mist nets. The birds captured by mist nets were identified, and morphometric measurements were conducted. The results showed 26 species of birds found in this study. Birds species were dominated by Blue-throated bee-eater (Merops viridis), Yellow-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier), Asian-glossy starling (Aplonis panayensis), and Javan myna (Acridotheres javanicus). The bird’s diversity in the reclamation area with four years of reclamation plants was higher than the other areas. However, the number of birds in the reclamation area with eight years of reclamation plants was the highest. Differences in habitat conditions in the three research areas might cause a low similarity index of bird diversity. Javan myna and Yellow-vented bulbul were found in all research sites. In conclusion, pioneer bird species were observed during the early process of post-coal mining reclamation. The existence of cover crops was essential as a source of food for the birds and nests.
Effectiveness of using of brown algae alginate to immobilize the indigenous bioremediation bacteria for reducing waste water from shrimp culture
Authors: Setyawan A , Supono  , Wijayanti A , Anti UT
Published: May 2022

Bacillus coagulans T1.2, an indigenous bacterium from shrimp ponds in East Lampung, has been found to reduce total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). The purpose of this study was to know the effectivity of immobilization of bacterial by sodium alginate from marine brown algae to reduce wastewater pollution from shrimp culture. The brown algae, Sargassum sp. and Padina sp., were collected from Pesisir Barat and Ketapang beach, Lampung. Alginate was extracted from both Sargassum and Padina by alkali method. The bacterial immobilization beads were made by mixed Bacillus coagulans suspension with alginate (1:3 v/v) and formed beads by 1,5 ml syringe without needle. In the in vitro study, the immobilized bacteria were submerged in artificial wastewater (2 beads ml-1) and incubated for 20 days. The control group includes the same bacteria without immobilization. The TAN was measured and the viability of bacteria was evaluated after the incubation period. The results showed that using alginate from Sargassum sp. and Padina sp. as a matrix of immobilization indigenous bacterial Bacillus coagulans effectively and significantly reduce the content of Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) in wastewater. The viability of bacteria immobilized with the alginate of Sargassum sp. and Padina sp. better than the bacterial treatment without immobilization.
Study of Rhodamine B Dyes Content in Snacks of Karuwisi Traditional Market Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Ridjal Andi Tilka Muftiah , Kasma Andi Yulia , Aminullah  , Basri
Published: May 2022

Snack is food that is purchased in a ready-to-consume form and is widely preferred because of its relatively cheap price, easy to obtain, attractive and varied appearance. Rhodamine B dye is one of the colouring substances prohibited for food and is declared as hazardous substance according to Regulation of Health Minister Indonesia No. 722/Menkes/Per/IX/1988 regarding dyes that are declared dangerous and prohibited in Indonesia as well as in the Decree of the Directorate General of POM No. 239/Menkes/Per/V/1985 regarding certain dye stuffs declared as hazardous materials. This study aimed to recognize the levels of Rhodamine B dye in snacks traded. This was descriptive survey research with laboratory examination by analysing Rhodamine B dye on snacks by the results of UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Population in this study were all snacks marketed in Karuwisi Traditional Market, while the sample was nine snacks consisting of: chili sauce, layer cake, red chocolate cream, red curly crackers, cassava chips, red jelly, red popcorn, cassava crackers, and macaroni crackers because the nine samples were physically identical to Rhodamine B colouring agent, namely the use of a striking red or pink colour. The sampling technique was total sampling. The results revealed that of the nine samples, only one sample was positive for Rhodamine B, namely cassava cracker containing 7.960μg/g. It concluded that red cassava cracker was a wholesale snack at Karuwisi Traditional Market which is positive for Rhodamine B.
Authentication of pure and adulterated Sumbawa monofloral honey using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Authors: Suhandy D , Kusumiyati  , Kuncoro S , Rahmawati W , Yulia M
Published: May 2022

Sumbawa monofloral honey is one of the most expensive honeys in Indonesia. In this present study, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy was utilized to discriminate between authentic pure Sumbawa monofloral honey and its adulterated one. The adulterated honey samples were created by intentionally mixing pure authentic Sumbawa monofloral honey with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) at a level of 10% (v/v). A total of 50 samples of pure and adulterated samples were prepared. The UV-vis spectral data of each sample were obtained by using a UV-vis spectrometer in the range of 190-1100 nm. The result of PCA (principal component analysis) using the first two PCs with the CEV (cumulative explained variance) of 93% shows that the pure and adulterated Sumbawa honey samples could be separated. All pure samples lied in the negative of PC1 (PC1<0) and all adulterated samples were in the positive of PC1 (PC1>0). In conclusion, this result suggested us the possible application of UV-vis spectroscopy for authentication of Sumbawa honey adulterated with HFCS in a simple and low-cost method.
Business models on peatlands to prevent land and forest fires
Authors: Yuniati D , Khotimah H , Lisnawati Y , Meinas H
Published: May 2022

Peatlands nowadays, most of it has been degraded due to land and forest fires. The Indonesian government through The Peatland Restoration Agency has attempted to carry out peat restoration through three pillars. Revitalization is one of the restoration pillars besides rewetting and replanting, it seeks to improve the community livelihoods. The objectives of this study are to identify business models that have developed in the community and to analyze the mechanisms that occur in those business models in preventing forest and land fires. The research was conducted at the Peat Hydrological Unit of Mendahara-Batanghari, Jambi Province. In-depth interviews were conducted with respondents who were obtained by the purposive sampling method. Data and information then were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. Based on the field research this study found that the business models which can prevent forest and land fires are the rice field and horticulture business model, areca nut cultivation and utilization, liberica coffee agroforestry, pineapple cultivation, honey/beekeeping, jelutong agroforestry, ecotourism, and carbon trading. This study concludes that these business models have similar characteristics in preventing forest and land fires, namely land use adjusting the peat depth zoning with native peat species, non-timber forest products, and agroforestry patterns; intensive land management; utilization of biomass so that it does not become fuel during the dry season; maintaining peatlands in humid conditions through water management, and maintaining forest cover.
Community preparedness against the threat of abrasion and tidal floods in Padang City
Authors: Sari Putri Nilam , Purba Yulina Wahyuningrum , Alfian Azyyati Ridha
Published: May 2022

The tidal wave in Padang City resulted in 674 potentially eroded houses by sea abrasion over the next five years. Therefore, it is essential to improve community preparedness. This study aims to analyze the preparedness of coastal communities for the threat of abrasion and tidal flooding. This study used a cross-sectional study design, conducted from January to July 2020. The respondents were 74 inhabitants in Pasie Nan Tigo Village. The results showed that more than a half of the respondents were less prepared to face abrasion and tidal flooding (64.9%), having low knowledge of disaster preparedness (41.9%), low awareness of policies and guidelines concerning abrasion and tidal flooding (77.0%), having low emergency response plans (33.8%), having low disaster warning system (43.2%), and having low resource mobilization (44.6%). The statistical test results showed a relationship between knowledge, emergency response plans, disaster warning systems-resource mobilization, and preparedness. Meanwhile, there was no relationship between policies, guidelines, and preparedness. This study showed that the level of preparedness of coastal communities in the face of abrasion and tidal flooding is still unprepared, the society and government need to improve their disaster readiness by increasing their knowledge of abrasion and tidal floods preparedness in seminars, training, and providing sufficient facilities.
The diversity of plant species in the proboscis monkey’s habitat as a species reference for habitat restoration
Authors: Atmoko T
Published: May 2022

Most of the Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) habitat is outside the protected area, so the potential for destruction is high. One of the efforts to improve its habitat is habitat restoration. This study aims to determine plant species for proboscis monkey habitat restoration based on reference habitats. The research was conducted at eight locations in East Kalimantan, Indonesia i.e. Kuala Samboja, Mahakam Delta, Suwi River, Ohong River, Berau Delta (mangrove and riverine), Sungai Wain, and Kutai National Park. Vegetation analysis with line-plot sampling method with a total sample of all locations of 11.7 ha. The results showed that the habitat included three main types: mangrove, riverine, and riverine-near coastal. A total of 152 tree species, 41 of which were potential proboscis monkey feed. The highest plant species diversity value was in the riverine forest-Berau Delta of 1.25, while the lowest was in the mangrove forest-Berau Delta of 0.54. Species that are a food source and have good adaptation in riverine habitat are Vitex pinnata, Dillenia excelsa, Garcinia spp, Heritiera littoralis, Ilex cymosa, Cerbera manghas, Hevea braziliensis, and Sonneratia caseolaris. Whereas in mangrove habitat are Avicennia alba, A. officinalis, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. parvifolia, Rhizophora apiculata, and S. alba. They are recommended for habitat restoration.
The potential of kabuyutan sacred natural site towards a sustainable landscape management in Indonesia
Authors: Dahlan M Z , Fukamachi K , Shibata S
Published: May 2022

Sacred natural sites have been recognized by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as a landscape heritage that contains biological and cultural diversity due to conserved over generations and sacred by indigenous people. This study identified the characteristics and ecological significance of kabuyutan, a sacred natural site perceived by Sundanese people in West Java Province, Indonesia. The observation participant method was used to gain a close and intimate relationship between Sundanese people and their natural and cultural environment, particularly kabuyutan. We identified 33 kabuyutan and found a typical structure compared to the surrounding landscape which is dominantly covered by dense vegetation and marked by sacred trees, springs, ancestor's graves, or stones. Kabuyutan were perceived to have a vital role in conserving land and water, which is proven by their specific land variables, and proposed a watershed-based management concept. However, we found that changes in the buffer zone of kabuyutan into the agricultural or residential area have potentially affected their existence due to the land ownership status. We suggested that empowering custodians and transferring information about the critical role of sacred natural sites are necessary for landscape management to prevent the negative impact of landscape dynamic.
Purification of selenium-containing leachate in wastewater tanks at a tunnel construction site
Authors: Okazaki K , Kurahashi T , Sakakibara M
Published: May 2022

The leachate containing heavy metals which generated from excavated soil and rock in the civil engineering works appropriate measures are required. We conducted indoor and outdoor experiments to purify heavy metal-containing leachate using a water tank, and proposed a method for treating heavy metals using the purification function of plants at civil engineering works. The plant used was Eleocharis acicularis, which belongs to the Cyperaceae family. The results of the indoor tank experiment on selenium indicated a decrease in the selenium concentration in the leachate from 0.093 to 0.008 mg/L in 14 days. The selenium content per kg of Eleocharis acicularis based on dry weight increased from 0.010 to 0.205 mg, indicating that the plant absorbed selenium. The outdoor tank experiment revealed that the selenium concentration in the leachate decreased from 0.090 to 0.007 mg/L in 21 weeks, and the daily absorption of selenium was 0.0005 mg/L. The lead concentration decreased from 0.004 to 0.001 mg/L in one week, and the arsenic concentration decreased from 0.003 to less than 0.001 mg/L in three weeks. Calculation of the leachate purification cost using Eleocharis acicularis under the current outdoor experiment conditions resulted in a 56% treatment cost reduction compared with the regular treatment cost.
Heavy metals concentration in green macroalgae Spirogyra sp. of Way Ratai River Pesawaran Regency Lampung
Authors: Alhafizoh F , Widiastuti E L , Tugiyono  , Susanto G N , Mumtazah D F
Published: May 2022

The Way Ratai River was affected by heavy metals due to gold and tailings processing activities. Certain metals in high concentrations will be dangerous if found in the environment, including the organisms in them, such as Spirogyra sp. Sampling was carried out at 4 observation stations around the Way Ratai River, and this research was conducted in November 2020 – February 2021. Analysis of metal content was performed by using the ICP-OES. The results showed that the heavy metal content in Spirogyra sp. namely, Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn of station A, B, C were above the predetermined quality standards, but Co content was undetectable. In river water, the content of heavy metals Ag in station A, Cu in all stations, Cd and Fe at in station B-D, Pb in station C, Mn and Zn in station D have exceeded the river water quality standards PP RI No. 22/2021 and ANZECC & ARMCANS 2000. Based on calculating bioconcentration factor (BCF) of heavy metals in Spirogyra sp, accumulation of heavy metals was in high to very high category with the highest BCF value of 159381.643 found for heavy metal Mn at station A.
Changes in Land cover using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) Method in Kedamaian Subdistrict, Bandar Lampung City as Urban City
Authors: Rahmat Ali , Ramadhan Azan Noer , Ramadhani Winih Sekaringtyas , Listiana Indah , Yanfika Helvi , Widyastuti Raden Ajeng Diana , Mutolib Abdul
Published: May 2022

Land cover change occurs naturally, but in urban areas, Land cover change usually occurs more rapidly than in rural areas. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse Land cover changes using spatial data to determine Land cover changes that occurred in urban areas such as Bandar Lampung City in 2000 and 2020. This study uses Landsat 7 and 8 imagery processed by the NVDI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) analysis method with an arithmetic formula to determine the vegetation index NDVI = (NIR-RED) / (NIR + RED). After obtaining the land cover map from the results of the NDVI analysis, a ground check was carried out at 30 location points to determine the actual condition of the field and calibrate the data from NDVI analysis and actual condition. In this study, it was found that the results of Land cover from 2000 to 2020 experienced changes, namely in open land/settlements increased by 74% or 217 ha, shrub land decreased by 27% or 32 ha, low vegetation land decreased by 4.8% or 7 ha, and vegetation land is decreasing by 72.5% or 100 ha. Based on the results of ground checks, changes in Land cover are caused by the construction of settlements, housing, and industrial estates due to an increase in population and urban growth.
The Relationship Between The Health of Mangrove Forests and The Level of Community Welfare
Authors: Maulana Irlan Rahmat , Safe’i Rahmat , Febryano Indra Gumay , Kaskoyo Hari , Rahmat Ali
Published: May 2022

An assessment of the forest health condition needs to be carried out to ensure that the condition of mangrove forest health is maintained. Margasari Village is where the average community works as fishermen and utilizes the mangrove forest as ecotourism. Therefore, the condition of the mangrove forest needs to be in good condition. This research was conducted in Margasari Village, Labuhan Maringgai District, East Lampung Regency. This study aims to obtain the value of mangrove forest health status and determine the relationship between mangrove forest health indicators and community welfare. Research methods to determine the value of forest health status using Forest Health Monitoring (FHM). SPSS 20 statistical spearman rank correlation test was used to determine the relationship between mangrove forest health and community welfare, with 44 respondents using village communities who operate mangrove forests. The results showed that the average value of mangrove forest health status in Margasari Village was 5.40 (moderate category). Indicators of the level of community welfare related to the health level of mangrove forests in Margasari Village are health and nutrition, education, and indicators of housing and environment.
Spatial Structure and Community Perception of Pejaten Village on Policy Determining Rural Industry Area in Tabanan, Bali
Authors: Vipriyanti NU , Surata SPK , Sujana IP , Handayani E , Puspawati DA
Published: May 2022

Tabanan Regency is well known as Bali’s rice granary. However, one of the villages located in an agricultural area, Pejaten Village, is famous as its tile industry. The Tabanan Regency Government has designated Pejaten Village as a rural industrial area. The successful implementation of these policies needs to be supported by preparing human and natural resources that have adequate competence and creative power. This study aims to analyze (1) community knowledge and perception about rural industria area; (2) the spatial structure of industrial village based on the Hindu’s concept of balance calledTri Hita Karana.The method of determining respondents was done by stratified random sampling. The strata are carried out based on the scale of the tile industry. Methods of data analysis using: (1) likert scala and (2) GIS. The results showed that (1) the community had quite positive attitudes and moderate perception categories regarding the policy of determining rural industrial area of Pejaten Village and (2) the spatial structure of common space had adapted from a rural space structure to an urban spatial structure. It is necessary to conduct a more intensive approach to increase moderate perception of the community.
Simulation study on electron heating characteristics in magnetic enhancement capacitively coupled plasmas with a longitudinal magnetic field
Authors: TAN Haiyun , HUANG Tianyuan , JI Peiyu , ZHUGE Lanjian , WU Xuemei
Published: May 2022

The electron heating characteristics of magnetic enhancement capacitively coupled argon plasmas in presence of both longitudinal and transverse uniform magnetic field have been explored through both theoretical and numerical calculations. It is found that the longitudinal magnetic field can affect the heating by changing the level of the pressure heating along the longitudinal direction and that of the Ohmic heating along the direction which is perpendicular to both driving electric field and the applied transverse magnetic field, and a continuously increased longitudinal magnetic field can induce pressure heating to become dominant. Moreover, the electron temperature as well as proportion of some low energy electrons will increase if a small longitudinal magnetic field is introduced, which is attributed to the increased average electron energy. We believe that the research will provide guidance for optimizing the magnetic field configuration of some discharge systems having both transverse and longitudinal magnetic field.
The end of evangelicalism?
Authors: Stackhouse John G.
Published: May 2022

‘The end of evangelicalism?’ highlights the current state of evangelicalism. By the 2020s, many Americans had become disillusioned, even dismayed, over evangelical linkages to dubious politics. Controversies over issues as basic as sex, the Bible, mission, and evangelicalism’s very success posed threats which struck at the core of evangelical identity, purpose, and mission. Indeed, it was a conflict over what would previously have been universally viewed by evangelicals as a non-issue—right up until the late twentieth century—that took the greatest toll among evangelicals in Greater Britain and the United States while also challenging churches in Africa and beyond: same-sex marriage. Other challenges include consumerism and individualism.
1. Go tell the Spartans
Authors: Bayliss Andrew J.
Published: May 2022

‘Go tell the Spartans’ details the story of the 300 Spartans against the Persians at Thermopylae beginning with an examination of the term ‘Spartan mirage’, which is used to describe how later sources distorted and even invented facts about the Spartans to suit their own literary purposes. How did the Spartan king Leonidas lead out his army of 300 citizen-soldiers to lead an allied Greek army tasked with halting Xerxes’ massive invasion force? The Spartans’ used uniforms to show their intimidating conformity and unity and their fighting skills, and especially their heroic fight to the death after they were betrayed by Ephialtes, were legendary. Two Spartans survived the fighting: Pantites and Aristodemus.
4. Raising a Spartan
Authors: Bayliss Andrew J.
Published: May 2022

‘Raising a Spartan’ focuses on Spartan upbringing, which was unique in the ancient world, in being both organized by the state and compulsory for all citizens. The process of raising Spartans began even before they were conceived. Spartan girls were compelled to exercise outside, in the belief that ‘strapping’ babies would be produced if both parents were physically strong, and Spartan men were discouraged from sleeping with their wives whenever they wished, in the belief that too much sex would leave men exhausted and unable to conceive ‘sturdy’ offspring. The behaviour of Spartan boys and youths was strictly controlled and they were under constant observation. Sport was a key component of Spartan education, which also included music, dance, and basic literacy, as well as the common ancient Greek homoerotic practice of pederasty.
5. The culture industry
Authors: Bowie Andrew
Published: May 2022

‘The culture industry’ focuses on Theodor Adorno's concept of ‘culture industry’, which produces culture as a commodity. Adorno proposes an essential connection between the culture industry and the functioning of capitalist societies. What are the characteristics of the industry that create conformism? In the later form of capitalism, the culture industry researches how to produce the culture that will be effective in keeping people reconciled to a society governed by the exchange principle. The consumers of this culture are seen as having to conform to a labour process which hinders their self-realisation by leaving little space or time for it. The chapter then considers Adorno's analysis of popular culture, particularly jazz.