bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caregiving-related experiences associated with depression severity and its symptomatology among caregivers of individuals with a severe mental disorder: an online cross-sectional study
Authors: Lespine Louis-Ferdinand , Bohec Anne-Lise , Dorey Jean-Michel , Berbey Céline Dubien , Lourioux Charles , D’amato Thierry , Krebs Marie-Odile , Rouch Isabelle , Rey Romain
Published: June 2022

Caring for a relative with a severe mental disorder puts family caregivers to a great risk of depression. While overall caregiving burden is a strong predictor of depression, the contribution of the various dimensions of burden to caregivers’ depression as well as their relationships with depressive symptoms has received little attention. 384 family caregivers completed a cross-sectional online survey including the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and the Brief Experience of Caregiving Inventory (BECI), measuring caregiving burden and experience. We estimated the structure of the relationships between caregiving experiences (i.e., ZBI and BECI subscales) and CES-D symptoms using a network approach. Negative Emotion/Consequences, (lack of) Positive Personal Experience, and Stigma/Effects on Family were the most connected caregiving dimensions to depression. To untangle the role of the Negative Emotion/Consequences component (by far the most central node in estimated networks), a secondary analysis incorporating its composing items was estimated. Losing control over life, feeling strained around the relative and impaired self-perceived health emerged as central nodes. Interestingly, these caregiving-related dimensions or experiences were differentially connected to depressive symptoms. We discuss how these findings might help future research and inform tailored psychoeducational interventions for family caregivers of people with a severe mental disorder.
Precipitate number density determination in microalloyed steels by complementary atom probe tomography and matrix dissolution
Authors: Weber Louis , Webel Johannes , Mücklich Frank , Kraus Tobias
Published: June 2022

Particle number densities are a crucial parameter in the microstructure engineering of microalloyed steels. We introduce a new method to determine nanoscale precipitate number densities of macroscopic samples that is based on the matrix dissolution technique (MDT) and combine it with atom probe tomography (APT). APT counts precipitates in microscopic samples of niobium and niobium-titanium microalloyed steels. The new method uses MDT combined with analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) of extracted precipitates, inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry, and APT. We compare the precipitate number density ranges from APT of 137.81 to 193.56 × 1021 m−3 for the niobium steel and 104.90 to 129.62 × 1021 m−3 for the niobium-titanium steel to the values from MDT of 2.08 × 1021 m−3 and 2.48 × 1021 m−3. We find that systematic errors due to undesired particle loss during extraction and statistical uncertainties due to the small APT volumes explain the differences. The size ranges of precipitates that can be detected via APT and AUC are investigated by comparison of the obtained precipitate size distributions with transmission electron microscopy analyses of carbon extraction replicas. The methods provide overlapping resulting ranges. MDT probes very large numbers of small particles but is limited by errors due to particle etching, while APT can detect particles with diameters below 10 nm but is limited by small-number statistics. The combination of APT and MDT provides comprehensive data which allows for an improved understanding of the interrelation between thermo-mechanical controlled processing parameters, precipitate number densities, and resulting mechanical-technological material properties.

Graphical abstract
Variation in dose response of three dosimetry systems based on diphenyl thiocarbazone
Authors: Gafar S. M. , El-Ahdal M. A. , El-Shawadfy S. R.
Published: June 2022

Three different dosimetry systems were prepared based on diphenyl thiocarbazone (DTH) dye: polymer films made with, poly(vinyl alcohol), DTH liquid dosimeter and DTH gel dosimeter. All the systems received several gamma doses. The three systems were analyzing by UV–Vis spectrophotometery before and after irradiation. The effective dose range in the linear part of these systems is between 1–10 kGy, 0.3–2 kGy, and 50–200 Gy. The dose range of these three dosimeters relies on the concentration of DTH. The radiation chemical yield (G-value) was determined for the three prepared dosimeters, and all three radiation dosimeters were examined before and after irradiation.
A Comprehensive Study on the Mechanistic Way of Hexaflumuron and Hymexazol Induced Neurobehavioral Toxicity in Rats
Authors: Hassanen Eman I. , Hussien Ahmed M. , Hassan Neven H. , Ibrahim Marwa A. , Mehanna Sally
Published: June 2022

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to kill pests, but their action is non-selective and results in several hazardous effects on humans and animals. Pesticide toxicity has been demonstrated to alter a variety of neurological functions and predisposes to various neurodegenerative diseases. Although, there is no data available for hexaflumuron (HFM) and hymexazol (HML) neurotoxicity. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the possible mechanisms of HFM and HML neurotoxicity. 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups and daily received the treatment via oral gavage for 14 days as follows: group (1) normal saline, group (2) HFM (1/100LD50), and group (3) HML (1/100 LD50). Our results revealed that both HFM and HML produced a significant increase in MDA levels and a decrease in GSH and CAT activity in some brain areas. There were severe histopathological alterations mainly neuronal necrosis and gliosis in different examined areas. Upregulation of mRNA levels of JNK and Bax with downregulation of Bcl-2 was also recorded in both pesticides exposed groups. In all studied toxicological parameters, HML produced neurotoxicity more than HFM. HFM targets the cerebral cortex and striatum, while HML targets the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. We can conclude that both HFM and HML provoke neurobehavioral toxicity through oxidative stress that impairs the mitochondrial function and activates the JNK-dependent apoptosis pathway.
Social Inequality in Dropout from Higher Education in Germany. Towards Combining the Student Integration Model and Rational Choice Theory
Authors: Müller Lars , Klein Daniel
Published: June 2022

Students from a lower socioeconomic background have a higher risk of dropping out of higher education. The underlying mechanisms of this association between socioeconomic background and higher education dropout are not well understood. Previous research in higher education has followed Tinto’s model of academic and social integration to explain dropout but has largely neglected social inequality therein. In contrast, social stratification research draws on rational choice theory to explain social inequality in educational attainment but has rarely been applied to explain dropout from higher education. In our paper, we combine these two strands of research. Utilizing data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we draw on a largescale, representative sample of students in Germany to quantify the relative contribution of each theoretical approach for explaining social inequality in dropout from higher education. Binary logistic regression models reveal that both students’ integration and costs-benefit considerations are associated with their dropout risk net of each other. While academic and social integration appears to better predict dropout, rational choice theory accounts for a larger proportion of social inequality therein. We conclude that combining Tinto’s model and rational choice theory provides a more comprehensive perspective of dropouts from higher education and social inequality therein.
Single-molecule DNA sequencing using two-dimensional Ti2C(OH)2 MXene nanopores: A first-principles investigation
Authors: Prasongkit Jariyanee , Jungthawan Sirichok , Amorim Rodrigo G. , Scheicher Ralph H.
Published: June 2022

Nanopore-based devices have provided exciting opportunities to develop affordable label-free DNA sequencing platforms. Over a decade ago, graphene has been proposed as a two-dimensional (2D) nanopore membrane in order to achieve single-base resolution. However, it was experimentally revealed that clogging of the graphene nanopore can occur due to the hydrophobic nature of graphene, thus hindering the translocation of DNA. To overcome this problem, the exploration of alternative 2D materials has gained considerable interest over the last decade. Here we show that a Ti2C-based MXene nanopore functionalized by hydroxyl groups (−OH) exhibits transverse conductance properties that allow for the distinction between all four naturally occurring DNA bases. We have used a combination of density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function method to sample over multiple orientations of the nucleotides in the nanopore, as generated from molecular dynamics simulations. The conductance variation resulting from sweeping an applied gate voltage demonstrates that the Ti2C-based MXene nanopore possesses high potential to rapidly and reliably sequence DNA. Our findings open the door to further theoretical and experimental explorations of MXene nanopores as a promising 2D material for nanopore-based DNA sensing.
Low risk of nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection in patients with liver disease admitted to a hepatology unit at an academic hospital: A single-center experience
Authors: Toniutto Pierluigi , D’Aurizio Federica , Cmet Sara , Cussigh Annarosa , Falleti Edmondo , Fabris Carlo , Sartor Emma , Fornasiere Ezio , Fumolo Elisa , Bitetto Davide , Curcio Francesco
Published: June 2022

Background

Patients with liver disease may be at increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection due to immune dysfunction. However, the risk of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection in these patients remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether patients with liver disease are at an increased risk of nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection upon admission to the hospital for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Methods

The study prospectively enrolled 143 patients who were admitted at least once to the hepatology unit at our hospital; 95 patients (66%) were admitted at least twice during the study period. History of past symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 exposure was assessed on the day before hospital admission via an interview. Patients were evaluated for active SARS-CoV-2 infection via real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed on nasopharyngeal swabs and tests for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies.

Results

None of the patients enrolled tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR at the first or the second clinical evaluation. One patient who had previously received a liver transplant and who had a history of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection that occurred 4 months before hospital admission tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG but not IgM antibodies at each of the two hospital admissions.

Conclusions

The results of our study suggest that patients with liver disease are at no increased risk of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data support the policy of maintaining clinical hospital checks that will be necessary until or possibly even after the completion of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign.
Anaerobic activation of microorganisms indigenous to oil reservoirs to enhance oil recovery
Authors: Du Chun’an , Lin Junzhang
Published: June 2022

Microbial enhanced oil recovery focuses on the activation, isolation, and screening of aerobic functional bacteria. Air injection is required to activate aerobic microorganisms for use in indigenous microbe oil displacement technology. In practice, however, oil reservoirs are oxygen-free, as the oxygen in the air is rapidly consumed by reducing substances and aerobic microorganisms attached to the water injection well at the front end of the reservoir. In the reservoir, most of the microorganisms metabolize anaerobically, and they are concentrated in the area where the residual oil collects in the rear of the facility. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors such as electron acceptors, activator components, and activator concentrations that influence anaerobic metabolism in indigenous microorganisms. Core flooding tests and field trials were conducted to evaluate the anaerobic microbial activation efficiency. The organic nitrogen source in the activator was crucial to anaerobic bacterial metabolism. Yeast powder was the preferred nitrogen source, and other optimal operating parameters included a C/N ratio of 20:1 and an activator concentration of 3 g·L−1. Under these conditions, the anaerobic emulsification index surpassed 90%. Core flooding tests demonstrated that microbial enhancement may provide up to 13.5% oil recovery. A total of 3471.15 BBLs of oil was recovered by injecting anaerobic activator into the Zhan3-15 well, and emulsified oil droplets were detected in the fluid. The results of this study could provide technical support for the practical anaerobic activation of reservoir microorganisms and the improvement of microbial enhanced oil recovery.
Intravesicale onabotulinumtoxine-A-injecties bij therapieresistente kinderen met een niet-neurogene overactieve blaas
Authors: Lambregts Annemarth P. , Nieuwhof-Leppink Anka J. , Klijn Aart J. , Schroeder Rogier P. J.
Published: June 2022

Samenvatting

Een overactieve blaas (OAB) met urine-incontinentie heeft een grote impact op dagelijkse activiteiten en kwaliteit van leven van de patiënt. Intravesicale onabotulinumtoxine‑A (BTX-A)-injecties zijn succesvol bij de behandeling van de neurogene blaas en bieden mogelijk ook een oplossing voor de behandeling van therapieresistente OAB bij kinderen. In dit onderzoek werden 50 kinderen (41 jongens) met een gemiddelde leeftijd van 9,9 jaar geïncludeerd. Op de korte termijn nam het functionele blaasvolume (FVB) na de eerste behandeling met BTX‑A significant toe. Op de korte (< 6 maanden) en lange termijn (6–12 maanden) verbeterde de incontinentie met 72 respectievelijk 46%. Mannelijk geslacht en een klein FBV op baseline zijn voorspellers voor een positieve uitkomst op continentie op de lange termijn. Bij therapieresistente OAB-kinderen zijn BTX-A-injecties veilig en effectief voor het vergroten van het blaasvolume en het verminderen van symptomen van een overactieve blaas, vooral in de eerste zes maanden na injectie.
On some new generalized fractional inequalities for twice differentiable functions
Authors: Budak Hüseyin , Yavuz Melike , Kara Hasan
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we establish an identity involving Sarikaya fractional integrals for twice differentiable functions. We obtain some new generalized fractional inequalities for the functions whose second derivatives in absolute value are convex by utilizing obtained equality. Utilizing the new inequalities obtained, some new inequalities for Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals and k-Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals are obtained. In addition, some of these results generalize ones obtained in earlier works.
Sexual Health During COVID-19: A Scoping Review
Authors: Toldam Nana Ernst , Graugaard Christian , Meyer Rikke , Thomsen Louise , Dreier Sabine , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Giraldi Annamaria
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted profoundly on the wellbeing and social interactions of the world population, and all dimensions of sexual health were potentially affected by globally implemented preventive measures.

Objectives

The scoping review aimed to compile existing research investigating possible effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on adult sexual health, that is, sexual behavior, functioning, and satisfaction. Further, studies on the interplay between mental health and sexual well-being during the pandemic were reviewed.

Methods

The review was conducted in accordance with guidelines established by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. On October 11–12, 2021, PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, Cinahl, Cochrane, Sociological Abstracts and Scopus were systematically searched for relevant peer-reviewed papers employing quantitative methodology. Additionally, unpublished (“grey”) research studies on the subject were retrieved. The screening, data extraction, and analysis of evidence were conducted by 4 independent reviewers using an iterative approach.

Results

Based on 107 studies included, the scoping review showed that the pandemic had had a wide impact on all dimensions of sexual health. Except for solo sex activities, mainly negative COVID-19 implications were identified, although findings were, in sum, characterized by complexity and unpredictability. Thus, sexual behavior, functioning, and satisfaction during the pandemic appeared to be mitigated by a broad range of sociodemographic and contextual factors. Finally, sexual health seemed deeply entwined with overall mental health.

Conclusion

The scoping review revealed a broad range of COVID-19-related effects on sexual health, including an overall decline in partnered sex and a concurrent increase in solo sex activities. It also emphasized a need for future research to shed light on possible long-term consequences of the pandemic in various population groups and on all aspects of sexual health.
Streets in Motion
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Ritajyoti
Published: June 2022

The book studies the social production of motion in a capitalist urban context. In the city of capital, motion refers to a fetish. The bourgeois order posits motion as a metaphor for energy, positivity, and progress – a norm – and obstruction (motion's dialectical opposite) as delinquency. The book uncovers the social tectonics of spatial mobilization and thus demystifies motion. Who and what set spaces on the move? How did various classes of city dwellers activate, experience, and negotiate it? Streets in Motion develops an approach to urban history by theorizing and historicizing the 'street' as an apparatus of city-making and subject formation. It works at two registers – a local history of Calcutta in colonial and post-colonial periods, and a theorizing of the logistical and political-cultural centrality of the street within this rubric. It is argued that the street is politics in as much as politics is the production of space.
Random Matrix Methods for Machine Learning
Authors: Couillet Romain , Liao Zhenyu
Published: June 2022

This book presents a unified theory of random matrices for applications in machine learning, offering a large-dimensional data vision that exploits concentration and universality phenomena. This enables a precise understanding, and possible improvements, of the core mechanisms at play in real-world machine learning algorithms. The book opens with a thorough introduction to the theoretical basics of random matrices, which serves as a support to a wide scope of applications ranging from SVMs, through semi-supervised learning, unsupervised spectral clustering, and graph methods, to neural networks and deep learning. For each application, the authors discuss small- versus large-dimensional intuitions of the problem, followed by a systematic random matrix analysis of the resulting performance and possible improvements. All concepts, applications, and variations are illustrated numerically on synthetic as well as real-world data, with MATLAB and Python code provided on the accompanying website.
A Pandemic of Populists
Authors: Sadurski Wojciech
Published: June 2022

Over the last decade, the world has watched in shock as populists swept to power in free elections. From Manila to Warsaw, Brasilia to Budapest, the populist tide has shattered illusions of an inexorable march to liberal democracy. Eschewing simplistic notions of a unified global populism, this book unpacks the diversity and plurality of populisms. It highlights the variety of constitutional and extraconstitutional strategies that populists have used to undermine the institutional fabric of liberal democracy and investigates how ruling populists responded to the Covid-19 crisis. Outlining the rise of populisms and their governing styles, Wojciech Sadurski focuses on what populists in power do, rather than what they say. Confronting one of the most pressing concerns of international politics, this book offers a vibrant, contemporary account of modern populisms and, significantly, considers what we can do to fight back.
Adventures in Childhood
Authors: Bellido Jose , Bowrey Kathy
Published: June 2022

Adventures in Childhood connects modern intellectual property law and practice with a history of consumption. Structured in a loosely chronological order, the book begins with the creation of a children's literature market, a Christmas market, and moves through character merchandising, syndicated newspaper strips, film, television, and cross-industry relations, finishing in the 1970s, by which time professional identities and legal practices had stabilized. By focusing on the rise of child-targeted commercial activities, the book is able to reflect on how and why intellectual property rights became a defining feature of 20th century culture. Chapters trace the commercial empires that grew around Alice in Wonderland, Peter Rabbit, Meccano, Felix the Cat, Mickey Mouse, Peter Pan, Eagle Magazine, Davy Crockett, Mr Men, Dr Who, The Magic Roundabout and The Wombles to show how modern intellectual property merchandising was plagued with legal and moral questions that exposed the tension between exploitation and innocence.
Schopenhauer: Parerga and Paralipomena Volume 1
Authors: Schopenhauer Arthur
Published: June 2022

With the
publication of the Parerga and Paralipomena in 1851, there
finally came some measure of the fame that Schopenhauer thought
was his due. Described by Schopenhauer himself as 'incomparably
more popular than everything up till now', the Parerga is a
miscellany of essays addressing themes that complement his work
The World as Will and Representation, along with more divergent,
speculative pieces. It includes his 'Aphorisms on the Wisdom of
Life', reflections on fate and clairvoyance, trenchant views on
the philosophers and universities of his day, and an
enlightening survey of the history of philosophy. The present
volume offers a new translation, a substantial introduction
explaining the context of the essays, and extensive editorial
notes on the different published versions of the work. This
readable and scholarly edition will be an essential reference
for those studying Schopenhauer, the history of philosophy, and
nineteenth-century German philosophy.
Proclus: Commentary on Plato's Timaeus Volume 5: Book 4: Proclus on Time and the Stars
Authors: Proclus
Published: June 2022

Proclus' commentary on Plato's dialogue Timaeus is arguably the most important commentary on a text of Plato, offering unparalleled insights into eight centuries of Platonic interpretation. It has had an enormous influence on subsequent Plato scholarship. This edition offers the first new English translation of the work for nearly two centuries, building on significant recent advances in scholarship on Neoplatonic commentators. It provides an invaluable record of early interpretations of Plato's dialogue, while also presenting Proclus' own views on the meaning and significance of Platonic philosophy. The present volume, the fifth in the edition, presents Proclus' commentary on the Timaeus, dealing with Proclus' account of static and flowing time; we see Proclus situating Plato's account of the motions of the stars and planets in relation to the astronomical theories of his day. The volume includes a substantial introduction, as well as notes that will shed new light on the text.
Design and Preparation of Mass Production System for Protective Items in the European Union for the Case of Serious Pandemics
Authors: Babaqi Tareq , Al-Natoor Suhad R. , Vizvári Béla
Published: June 2022

Objective:

The European Union (EU) responded to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with a long time lag. The response was made on the level of the member states. There was no institution at the EU level that could assist the member states. Italy but other states as well, needed Chinese help. This highlights 2 points. First, the EU is vulnerable. Second, eastern Asia reacted faster to the new demand on the market and introduced effective technology for the mask production. A robust method is needed to overcome the shortage of protective items in the future.

Methods:

This method is based on producing the demand within the EU states as the first priority to reduce the reliance from external sources like China that can be competitive and unreliable. This research suggests preventive measures that can make the EU safer. A system for the production of simple protective items is designed.

Results:

A relatively small number of factories with high capacities are enough to serve the whole EU in a robust way. The calculation of the optimal selection of locations is fast and easy.

Conclusions:

The suggested system will make the EU more secure during pandemics. The presented calculations show that the establishment of the system is feasible.
K-stability of Fano varieties via admissible flags
Authors: Abban Hamid , Zhuang Ziquan
Published: June 2022

We develop a general approach to prove K-stability of Fano varieties. The new theory is used to (a) prove the existence of Kähler-Einstein metrics on all smooth Fano hypersurfaces of Fano index two, (b) compute the stability thresholds for hypersurfaces at generalised Eckardt points and for cubic surfaces at all points, and (c) provide a new algebraic proof of Tian’s criterion for K-stability, amongst other applications.
Using Conjoint Experiments to Analyze Election Outcomes: The Essential Role of the Average Marginal Component Effect
Authors: Bansak Kirk , Hainmueller Jens , Hopkins Daniel J. , Yamamoto Teppei
Published: June 2022

Political scientists have increasingly deployed conjoint survey experiments to understand multidimensional choices in various settings. In this paper, we show that the average marginal component effect (AMCE) constitutes an aggregation of individual-level preferences that is meaningful both theoretically and empirically. First, extending previous results to allow for arbitrary randomization distributions, we show how the AMCE represents a summary of voters’ multidimensional preferences that combines directionality and intensity according to a probabilistic generalization of the Borda rule. We demonstrate why incorporating both the directionality and intensity of multi-attribute preferences is essential for analyzing real-world elections, in which ceteris paribus comparisons almost never occur. Second, and in further empirical support of this point, we show how this aggregation translates directly into a primary quantity of interest to election scholars: the effect of a change in an attribute on a candidate’s or party’s expected vote share. These properties hold irrespective of the heterogeneity, strength, or interactivity of voters’ preferences and regardless of how votes are aggregated into seats. Finally, we propose, formalize, and evaluate the feasibility of using conjoint data to estimate alternative quantities of interest to electoral studies, including the effect of an attribute on the probability of winning.
Fish–parasite interaction networks reveal latitudinal and taxonomic trends in the structure of host–parasite associations
Authors: Poulin Robert , McDougall Cameron
Published: June 2022

In recent years, treating host–parasite associations as bipartite interaction networks has proven a powerful tool to identify structural patterns and their likely causes in communities of fish and their parasites. Network analysis allows for both community-level properties to be computed and investigated, and species-level roles to be determined. Here, using data from 31 host–parasite interaction networks from local fish communities around the world, we test for latitudinal trends at whole-network level, and taxonomic patterns at individual parasite species level. We found that while controlling for network size (number of species per network), network modularity, or the tendency for the network to be subdivided into groups of species that interact mostly with each other, decreased with increasing latitude. This suggests that tropical fish–parasite networks may be more stable than those from temperate regions in the event of community perturbations, such as species extinction. At the species level, after accounting for the effect of host specificity, we observed no difference in the centrality of parasite species within networks between parasites with different transmission modes. However, species in some taxa, namely branchiurans, acanthocephalans and larval trematodes, generally had higher centrality values than other parasite taxa. Because species with a central position often serve as module connectors, these 3 taxa may play a key role in whole-network cohesion. Our results highlight the usefulness of network analysis to reveal the aspects of fish–parasite community interactions that would otherwise remain hidden and advance our understanding of their evolution.
Concurrent changes in nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide thoughts and behaviors
Authors: Muehlenkamp Jennifer J. , Brausch Amy M. , Littlefield Andrew
Published: June 2022

Background

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a risk factor for suicide, yet how changes in NSSI engagement relate to suicide ideation, planning, and attempts remains largely unknown. The current study aims to fill this gap by examining how changes in NSSI frequency over time related to concurrent changes in suicide thoughts and behaviors.

Methods

Data came from a sample of 403 self-injuring young adults who completed assessments of NSSI and suicide thoughts and behaviors at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Bivariate latent growth modeling, adjusting for covariates of lifetime NSSI frequency and treatment status, was used to examine the extent to which changes in NSSI frequency related to suicide ideation and suicide planning.

Results

The frequency of NSSI declined across the study period. The slopes of NSSI and suicide ideation were significantly correlated, suggesting individuals with sharper declines in NSSI across time also showed sharper declines in suicide ideation. The intercepts between NSSI and suicide planning were significantly correlated, suggesting those with high NSSI frequency at baseline tended to report higher suicide planning across time. After covariate adjustment, the intercept of suicide planning marginally (p = 0.08) correlated with the slope of NSSI, tentatively suggesting that those who had less reductions in NSSI tended to have higher frequencies of suicide planning.

Conclusion

These results provide new evidence that changes in NSSI are related to subsequent changes in suicide thoughts and behaviors. Monitoring suicide risk among those with NSSI is important and treatment aiming to reduce NSSI may also reduce suicide risk.
The global tree: Forests and the possibility of a multispecies IR
Authors: Fishel Stefanie R.
Published: June 2022

Forest ecosystems are crucial to survival on Earth. This article argues that trees and forests are both vital components of a healthy Earth system and productive examples for expanding International Relations’ disciplinary boundaries. The article discusses the forest in three contexts: the global, the (post)colonial, and from the tree itself. From tree planting as a practice of social and environmental justice, to postcolonial and Indigenous science and knowledge, to the mycorrhizal ‘wood wide web’, a focus on trees, forests, and biosphere opens the possibility for a multispecies IR. Through a consideration of trees and forests in law, treaty, culture, and science at the local and global level, this article adds to a growing literature in IR that strives to bring the non-human, more-than-human, or other-than-human creatively and productively into the discipline. Foregrounding the forest's materiality and trees’ symbolic power for human cultures opens important pathways to understanding how the non-human is, and should, alter and affect global politics.
Never fail to surveil! Transcatheter closure of recurrent atrial septal defect secondary to patch degradation in a young boy
Authors: Veeraraghavan Sriram , Kidambi Bharath Raj , Pandurangan Narendhiran
Published: June 2022

We report a case of a 16-year-old boy with symptomatic recurrent atrial septal defect due to patch degradation of an autologous pericardial patch, done 10 years back. He successfully underwent transcatheter closure of the recurrent defect after meticulous assessment of patch rims for stability.
Electoral systems and ideological voting
Authors: Riera Pedro , Cantú Francisco
Published: June 2022

Electoral systems affect vote choice. While a vast literature studies this relationship by examining aggregate-level patterns and focussing on the interparty dimension of electoral rules, the convenience of analyzing this phenomenon by emphasizing the role played by the incentives to cultivate a personal vote generated by the system and matching voters with the party they vote for has been traditionally overlooked. In this article, we offer new evidence that documents the impact of the intraparty dimension of electoral systems on the levels of ideological voting registered in a democracy. Using spatial models of politics and employing data from the five waves of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, we find that ideological voting in proportional representation systems is higher when lists are either closed or flexible. Moreover, the results suggest that this effect is slightly amplified in the case of high numbers of district-level candidates.
In‐Situ Observation of Storm‐Induced Wave‐Supported Fluid Mud Occurrence in the Subaqueous Yellow River Delta
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Lu Yang , Yu Heyu , Ma Lukuan , Li Xingyu , Li Weijia , Zhang Hong , Bian Changwei
Published: June 2022

Two relatively comprehensive and long‐term observation campaigns of bottom sediment dynamics have been conducted at the subaqueous Yellow River delta in the winters of 2016 and 2018. High suspended sediment concentration (SSC) up to 10 g/L were observed in 2016 and active events of wave‐supported fluid mud (WSFM) were found to exist at the abandoned river delta during storms in 2018. A set of calibrated optical backscatter sensors measured the near‐bed SSC >30 g/L with a maximum WSFM thickness >60 cm. WSFMs emerging at the abandoned river delta were classified into three types: single‐peak, multi‐peak, and hybrid according to the time‐varying characteristics of WSFMs. The dominant factors triggering the WSFM generation and dissipation are storm‐wave actions and tidal effects, with limited contribution from current‐induced turbulence. In this study, several lines of evidence were put forward to prove the presence of seabed liquefaction to a depth of 10–16 cm, and thus we can infer that another significant factor enhancing the WSFM thickness scale may be wave‐induced liquefaction. Observations showed obvious signs of WSFM motion, or in other words, wave‐supported gravity flow (WSGF) moved downslope. The downslope velocity (around 1.9 cm/s) was estimated by solving a buoyancy‐friction force balance. This study observed frequent WSFM events at the abandoned Yellow River delta for the first time and demonstrates the need to attach more concerns about its roles in sediment transport and offshore engineering in the future.
Sea Level Science and Applications Support Coastal Resilience
Authors: Vinogradova Nadya , Hamlington Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Known for precise, planetary-scale measurements, NASA is improving its decades-long effort to observe and understand sea levels to help communities prepare for the effects of Earth’s rising ocean.
Correlations Between Giant Undulations and Plasmapause Configurations
Authors: Zhou Yi‐Jia , He Fei , Yao Zhong‐Hua , Wei Yong , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , Zhang Yong‐Liang
Published: June 2022

In this letter, we report the correlations between giant undulations (GUs) and plasmapause (PP) configurations based on GUs' images and corresponding PP crossings of satellites between 2005 and 2019. Typically, GUs occur when the plasmasphere is eroded to form a thin and sharp PP during the storm main phase and early recovery phase. The thicknesses of the PP are usually comparable with the azimuthal wavelengths of the GUs and are smaller than the radial amplitudes of the GUs. The amplitudes and wavelengths are quasi‐proportional to the thicknesses of the PP and are inversely quasi‐proportional to the ion density gradients around the PP. The radial centers of GUs are typically aligned with the PP surfaces and their radial geocentric locations show positive correlations for different geomagnetic storms. These results would provide both physical insights and model constrains on the magnetosphere‐plasmasphere‐ionosphere energy coupling and the generation mechanisms of the GUs and plasmapause surface waves.
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibition reveals metabolic vulnerability in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Houshmand Mohammad , Vitale Nicoletta , Orso Francesca , Cignetti Alessandro , Molineris Ivan , Gaidano Valentina , Sainas Stefano , Giorgis Marta , Boschi Donatella , Fava Carmen , Passoni Alice , Gai Marta , Geuna Massimo , Sora Federica , Iurlo Alessandra , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Breccia Massimo , Mulas Olga , Caocci Giovanni , Castagnetti Fausto , Taverna Daniela , Oliviero Salvatore , Pane Fabrizio , Lolli Marco Lucio , Circosta Paola , Saglio Giuseppe
Published: June 2022

The development of different generations of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has led to the high overall survival of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. However, there are CML patients who show resistance to TKI therapy and are prone to progress to more advanced phases of the disease. So, implementing an alternative approach for targeting TKIs insensitive cells would be of the essence. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway that is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Here, we found that CML cells are vulnerable to DHODH inhibition mediated by Meds433, a new and potent DHODH inhibitor recently developed by our group. Meds433 significantly activates the apoptotic pathway and leads to the reduction of amino acids and induction of huge metabolic stress in CML CD34+ cells. Altogether, our study shows that DHODH inhibition is a promising approach for targeting CML stem/progenitor cells and may help more patients discontinue the therapy.
Riluzole regulates pancreatic cancer cell metabolism by suppressing the Wnt-β-catenin pathway
Authors: Roy Sanjit K. , Ma Yiming , Lam Bao Q. , Shrivastava Anju , Srivastav Sudesh , Shankar Sharmila , Srivastava Rakesh K.
Published: June 2022

Most cancer cells rely on aerobic glycolysis to support uncontrolled proliferation and evade apoptosis. However, pancreatic cancer cells switch to glutamine metabolism to survive under hypoxic conditions. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway induces aerobic glycolysis by activating enzymes required for glucose metabolism and regulating the expression of glutamate transporter and glutamine synthetase. The results demonstrate that riluzole inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth and has no effect on human pancreatic normal ductal epithelial cells. RNA-seq experiments identified the involvement of Wnt and metabolic pathways by riluzole. Inhibition of Wnt-β-catenin/TCF-LEF pathway by riluzole suppresses the expression of PDK, MCT1, cMyc, AXIN, and CyclinD1. Riluzole inhibits glucose transporter 2 expression, glucose uptake, lactate dehydrogenase A expression, and NAD + level. Furthermore, riluzole inhibits glutamate release and glutathione levels, and elevates reactive oxygen species. Riluzole disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis by inhibiting Bcl-2 and upregulating Bax expression, resulting in a drop of mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, riluzole inhibits pancreatic cancer growth in KPC (Pdx1-Cre, LSL-Trp53R172H, and LSL-KrasG12D) mice. In conclusion, riluzole can inhibit pancreatic cancer growth by regulating glucose and glutamine metabolisms and can be used to treat pancreatic cancer.
Sleep disorders, mental health, and dry eye disease in South Korea
Authors: An Youngju , Kim Hyojin
Published: June 2022

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface causing severe discomfort, mild ocular irritation, fatigue, pain, visual disturbance, and foreign body sensation. Stress, depression, and sleep disorders are risk factors for DED. We aimed to investigate the association between DED symptoms and composite factors related to mental health (combined sleep duration, psychological stress perception, and history of depressed mood) in Korean adults aged ≥ 20 years in a population-based study using the 2010–2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Symptoms of DED and data on mental health were obtained using questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between mental health and DED, and adjusted for possible covariates. Subjects with symptoms of DED were more likely to experience short sleep duration, psychological stress perception, and a history of depressed mood [odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.90; OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.37–2.14; and OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.06–1.77, respectively] even after correcting for demographic factors, lifestyle factors, and medical factors. Additionally, participants with symptoms of DED were more likely to experience composite factors related to mental health (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.07–3.39). Therefore, ophthalmologists may report difficulties in both sleep and mental health in patients with DED.
cGAS-STING signaling encourages immune cell overcoming of fibroblast barricades in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kabashima Ayano , Matsuo Yuki , Ito Saki , Akiyama Yoshimitsu , Ishii Takeshi , Shimada Shu , Masamune Atsushi , Tanabe Minoru , Tanaka Shinji
Published: June 2022

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment improves the prognosis of several types of solid tumors, however, responsiveness to ICB therapy remains low in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDACs), which has a rich tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is composed of various stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is an innate immune pathway that results in the upregulation of immune cell recruiting-cytokines and anti-tumor efficacy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of cGAS-STING expression and the presence of CAFs upon immune cell infiltration in PDACs. cGAS and STING co-expressing PDAC cases showed favorable survival, with many cytotoxic CD8 + T cell infiltrations from the stromal component adjacent to the cancer cells toward cancer cells, but not in cGAS-STING signaling defected PDAC cases. The signatures of tumor-restrain CAFs were expressed in tumors with cGAS-STING signaling. Finally, transwell co-culture experiments demonstrated that immune cell infiltration was impeded by the presence of CAFs, but not by activation of cGAS-STING signaling. In conclusion, pro-infiltration signals, such as cGAS-STING, and characterization of CAFs are crucial in defeating CAF barricades and encouraging immune cell infiltration in PDACs.
Nanoscale plasmonic wires with maximal figure of merits as a superior flexible transparent conducting electrode for RGB colors
Authors: Chung Chin-Chien , Su Dong-Sheng , Huang Tsung-Yu , Lee Cheng-Yi , Visser Robert Jan , Kwak B. Leo , Bang Hyunsung , Chen Chung-Chia , Lin Wan-Yu , Yen Ta-Jen
Published: June 2022

Based on incredibly increasing applications in modern optoelectronic devices, the demand for securing a superior conductive transparent electrode (TCE) candidate becomes significant and urgent. However, boosting both transmittance and conductance simultaneously is an intrinsic limitation. In this work, we present silver nanoscale plasmonic wires (Ag NPWs) to function as TCEs in the visible light region by lowering their corresponding plasma frequencies. By carefully designing geometric dimensions of the Ag NPWs, we also optimize the performance for red, green, and blue colors, respectively. The demonstrated figure of merits for RGB colors appeared respectively 443.29, 459.46, and 133.78 in simulation and 302.75, 344.11, and 348.02 in experiments. Evidently, our Ag NPWs offer much greater FoMs beyond conventional TCEs that are most frequently comprised of indium tin oxide and show further advantages of flexibility and less Moire effect for the applications of flexible and high-resolution optoelectronic devices.
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal whole-plant extract demonstrates acceptable non-clinical safety in rat 28-day subacute toxicity evaluation under GLP-compliance
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Sinha Sandeep , Srivastava Jyotish , Varshney Anurag
Published: June 2022

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) is widely used in Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha systems of medicines due to its therapeutic application in numerous ailments. Traditionally, the medications prepared from the plant employ only its roots and based on the currently available scientific literature, their efficacy and safety is well established. Apart from the roots, the aerial parts also contain bioactive components and correspondingly certain marketed preparations also employ the leaves of the plant. Accordingly, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India has lately issued an advisory emphasizing the need for extensive efficacy and safety profiling of leaf-based products. Consequently, we have conducted the present GLP-driven study, in which the non-clinical safety of a hydromethanolic extract of the whole plant of Withania somnifera (WSWPE) has been assessed according to OECD guideline 407. In this study Sprague Dawley rats of either sex were orally administered with WSWPE for 28-consecutive days at the doses of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day. The study also included a satellite group of animals that received WSWPE for 28-days followed by a 14-days recovery period. Withania somnifera Whole Plant Extract was found to be safe up to the dose level of 1000 mg/kg/day as no toxicologically relevant findings could be detected.