bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liens entre pratiques d’enseignement et performances scolaires au cours préparatoire. Étude comparative entre des classes à effectif réduit et des classes à effectif habituel
Authors: Clanet Joël
Published: April 2018

Cette contribution traite des liens existant entre les pratiques d’enseignement de maîtres (n= 200) observées lors de séances de présentation d’un texte nouveau à leur classe de cours préparatoire et les performances scolaires des élèves de ces classes. Ces pratiques d’enseignement concernent plus particulièrement la manière dont l’enseignant soutient et dynamise l’activité des élèves lors de ses interactions verbales. Les observations de pratiques ont eu lieu auprès de deux populations différentes : des classes de CP à effectif réduit (environ 10 élèves par classe) et des classes à effectif habituel (entre 20 et 25 élèves par classe). Nous avons constaté que si les performances scolaires moyennes des classes à effectif réduit étaient supérieures aux autres, les pratiques d’enseignement, elles, ne différaient que lors de moments très précis : les moments de découverte collective et individuelle des textes de lecture. C’est dans ces moments là que nous avons constaté l’existence de liens entre pratiques d’enseignement et performances scolaires.
De l’analyse didactique de pratiques langagières à la spécification de compétences professionnelles d’enseignants débutants. Français et Education Physique et Sportive
Authors: Combis-Carnus Marie-France , Garcia-Debanc Claudine
Published: April 2018

Le projet de cet article est de spécifier et de développer -d’un point de vue didactique-un cadre d’analyse des compétences professionnelles des enseignants et d’en éprouver la pertinence dans deux disciplines scolaires : le français et l’éducation physique et sportive (EPS). En tant qu’objet symbolique structurant le milieu, le langage interactif est analysé différemment dans les deux disciplines. Au-delà du caractère heuristique du cadre d’analyse mis à l’épreuve, les résultats mettent en avant les aspects génériques et spécifiques des dimensions structurelles et dynamiques des compétences professionnelles des enseignants débutants observés.
Assessment of patients with psoriasis undergoing treatment with narrowband UVB phototherapy in the State University of Pará, Brazil
Authors: Goiabeira Michelle Fonseca , Nunes Débora Bacellar Cruz , Machado Adriana Kamilly Leitão Pitman , Silveira Samira Oliveira , Pinto Érica Baptista , Einecke Yandra Sherring , Nunes Juliana Bacellar Cruz , Nunes Mariana Bacellar Cruz , De Oliveira Miguel Saraty , Loureiro Walter Refkalefsky , Amin Gabriela Athayde , Dos Santos Maria Amélia Lopes , Darwich Mendes Alena Margareth , Carneiro Francisca Regina Oliveira
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Moderate and severe forms of psoriasis require phototherapy and/or systemic medications. The UVB band, with wavelength between 311 and 312nm, is called narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) and it has proven to be more beneficial for the psoriasis treatment.

Goals: to characterize the group of patients with psoriasis treated with NB-UVB phototherapy, according to the clinical form, sex, phototype, and clinical evolution.

Methods: All patients with psoriasis who underwent NB-UVB phototherapy between August 2016 and April 2017 were included in this study. Data on the patients were collected retrospectively.

Results: During the study, 19 patients were treated with NB-UVB phototherapy, being 09 women (47%) and 10 men (53%), ages ranging from 22 to 81years. The most prevalent phototypes were III (42%) and IV (37%). Only 04 patients (21%) had guttate psoriasis and 15 (79%) had psoriasis vulgaris with variable severity. The total number of phototherapy sections, during the period evaluated, varied from 7 to 51, with an average of 25 sessions. It was observed that, 09 patients (47%) had a response beginning with up to two months of treatment. The minimum number of sections to start improvement varied from 8 to 28, with an average of 16 sessions.

Conclusions: The use of NB-UVB phototherapy proved to be a safe and effective treatment, and should be considered a good therapeutic option for psoriasis.
Convection Enhances Magnetic Turbulence in AM CVn Accretion Disks
Authors: Coleman Matthew S. B. , Blaes Omer , Hirose Shigenobu , Hauschildt Peter H.
Published: April 2018

We present the results of local, vertically stratified, radiation magnetohydrodynamic shearing-box simulations of magnetorotational instability (MRI) turbulence for a (hydrogen poor) composition applicable to accretion disks in AM CVn type systems. Many of these accreting white dwarf systems are helium analogs of dwarf novae (DNe). We utilize frequency-integrated opacity and equation-of-state tables appropriate for this regime to accurately portray the relevant thermodynamics. We find bistability of thermal equilibria in the effective-temperature, surface-mass-density plane typically associated with disk instabilities. Along this equilibrium curve (i.e., the S-curve), we find that the stress to thermal pressure ratio α varied with peak values of ∼0.15 near the tip of the upper branch. Similar to DNe, we found enhancement of α near the tip of the upper branch caused by convection; this increase in α occurred despite our choice of zero net vertical magnetic flux. Two notable differences we find between DN and AM CVn accretion disk simulations are that AM CVn disks are capable of exhibiting persistent convection in outburst, and ideal MHD is valid throughout quiescence for AM CVns. In contrast, DNe simulations only show intermittent convection, and nonideal MHD effects are likely important in quiescence. By combining our previous work with these new results, we also find that convective enhancement of the MRI is anticorrelated with mean molecular weight.
Cumulative Neutrino and Gamma-Ray Backgrounds from Halo and Galaxy Mergers
Authors: Yuan Chengchao , Mészáros Peter , Murase Kohta , Jeong Donghui
Published: April 2018

The merger of dark matter halos and the gaseous structures embedded in them, such as protogalaxies, galaxies, and groups and clusters of galaxies, results in strong shocks that are capable of accelerating cosmic rays (CRs) to ≳10 PeV. These shocks will produce high-energy neutrinos and γ-rays through inelastic pp collisions. In this work, we study the contributions of these halo mergers to the diffuse neutrino flux and to the nonblazar portion of the extragalactic γ-ray background. We formulate the redshift dependence of the shock velocity, galactic radius, halo gas content, and galactic/intergalactic magnetic fields over the dark matter halo distribution up to a redshift z = 10. We find that high-redshift mergers contribute a significant amount of the CR luminosity density, and the resulting neutrino spectra could explain a large part of the observed diffuse neutrino flux above 0.1 PeV up to several PeV. We also show that our model can somewhat alleviate tensions with the extragalactic γ-ray background. First, since a larger fraction of the CR luminosity density comes from high redshifts, the accompanying γ-rays are more strongly suppressed through γγ annihilations with the cosmic microwave background and the extragalactic background light. Second, mildly radiative-cooled shocks may lead to a harder CR spectrum with spectral indices of 1.5 ≲ s ≲ 2.0. Our study suggests that halo mergers, a fraction of which may also induce starbursts in the merged galaxies, can be promising neutrino emitters without violating the existing Fermi γ-ray constraints on the nonblazar component of the extragalactic γ-ray background.
A Decade of MWC 758 Disk Images: Where Are the Spiral-arm-driving Planets?
Authors: Ren 任 Bin 彬 , Dong 董若 Ruobing 冰 , Esposito Thomas M. , Pueyo Laurent , Debes John H. , Poteet Charles A. , Choquet Élodie , Benisty Myriam , Chiang Eugene , Grady Carol A. , Hines Dean C. , Schneider Glenn , Soummer Rémi
Published: April 2018

Large-scale spiral arms have been revealed in scattered light images of a few protoplanetary disks. Theoretical models suggest that such arms may be driven by and corotate with giant planets, which has called for remarkable observational efforts to look for them. By examining the rotation of the spiral arms for the MWC 758 system over a 10 year timescale, we are able to provide dynamical constraints on the locations of their perturbers. We present reprocessed Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/NICMOS F110W observations of the target in 2005, and the new Keck/NIRC2 L′-band observations in 2017. MWC 758's two well-known spiral arms are revealed in the NICMOS archive at the earliest observational epoch. With additional Very Large Telescope (VLT)/SPHERE data, our joint analysis leads to a pattern speed of

at 3σ for the two major spiral arms. If the two arms are induced by a perturber on a near-circular orbit, its best-fit orbit is at 89 au (0.″59), with a 3σ lower limit of 30 au (0.″20). This finding is consistent with the simulation prediction of the location of an arm-driving planet for the two major arms in the system.
Épouses migrantes dans le Nord-Est du Japon. Travail invisible et vulnérabilité structurelle
Authors: Lee Sunhee , Le Bail Hélène
Published: April 2018

À partir de l’étude de cas des épouses migrantes arrivées par mariage et vivant avec leur mari japonais, non pas dans les grandes villes japonaises, mais dans les villages agricoles ou de pêche, cet article montre comment les problèmes structurels de la société japonaise liés aux normes de genre concourent à la vulnérabilisation des femmes étrangères du fait de l’absence de politique migratoire. Il met aussi en évidence que les nombreuses études qui s’intéressent aux stratégies mises en place par les épouses étrangères pour se faire reconnaître, ont, certes, permis de valoriser l’image des migrantes par le mariage, mais elles ont aussi eu pour effet de minorer le fait que ces épouses migrantes doivent composer avec des inégalités de genre structurelles.
‘Mariage non authentique’ : femmes canadiennes en couple binational face à la discrimination administrative
Authors: Geoffrion Karine
Published: April 2018

Cet article examine l’expérience vécue du processus de réunification conjugale au Canada du point de vue de femmes canadiennes en couple binational. Il explore comment les difficultés administratives auxquelles ces femmes se heurtent, principalement par rapport à la question de l’authenticité de leur mariage, contribuent à la mise en œuvre de stratégies de résistance, ainsi qu’à la (re)production du concept d’authenticité conjugale. La construction d’une sémantique de l’adversité permet à ces femmes de légitimer leur choix d’un conjoint non normatif.
Les agences matrimoniales internationales postsoviétiques : des structures d’opportunité féminines au cœur des régimes de genre
Authors: Sizaire Laure
Published: April 2018

Dans les pays postsoviétiques, les agences matrimoniales internationales fleurissent, notamment, depuis la révolution des nouvelles technologies de communication. À travers une ethnographie de ces agences situées en Russie, en Ukraine et au Belarus, cette contribution analyse leurs pratiques et montre que ces structures ne sont pas hermétiques au régime de genre. La typologie proposée permet de distinguer les agences qui le renforcent (agences conservatrices), le contestent (agences subversives) ou s’en accommodent (agences solidaires), tandis que leurs clientes ont recours indifféremment à toutes ces agences, multipliant ainsi les opportunités de poursuivre des objectifs divers (migrer, se marier, voyager, améliorer sa situation économique, etc.).
Rejoindre l’autre et s’y retrouver soi-même. Femmes d’Afrique subsaharienne ‘regroupées’ en France dans l’après-migration
Authors: Mounchit Nadia
Published: April 2018

À partir d’une étude réalisée à Villeurbanne auprès de femmes originaires d’Afrique de l’Ouest et centrale en situation de regroupement familial, cet article entend dépasser la figure figée de l’immigrée dite ‘regroupée’ (Oso 2000), à travers laquelle les migrations féminines ont largement été appréhendées. Après l’arrivée, marquée par des dépendances multiples (mise à l’arrêt de la vie professionnelle, perte d’autonomie financière et isolement, voire ‘dette du rejoignant’) affectant leur statut social et leur place dans le couple, les émigrantes sont appelées à (ré)acquérir leur autonomie, par la voie professionnelle notamment, pour se détacher du statut de migrante et plus encore, de migrante regroupée.
Guerre civile et question de genre en Somalie. Les événements et leurs retombées sur le destin d’une femme : Starlin Abdi Arush (1957-2002)
Authors: Pelizzari Elisa
Published: April 2018

Les vicissitudes de Starlin Abdi Arush (1957-2002) reflètent l’histoire contemporaine d’un pays, la Somalie, bouleversé depuis 1991 par la guerre civile et victime d’un conflit à caractère ‘clanique’, entretenu par les seigneurs de guerre, mais aussi, plus récemment, par la montée du radicalisme religieux (Cosic et mouvement terroriste al-shabaab ). L’idéal de Starlin, qui a su imaginer les femmes comme une sorte de ‘sixième clan’ de la société somalienne, est désormais une notion culturelle que de nombreuses activistes partagent, comme le montre le travail de la Somali Women Agenda, créée en 2007. Réunissant des femmes qui vivent en Somalie et des femmes de la diaspora, cette association est en train de revêtir un poids non négligeable dans le domaine politique, en termes de participation des femmes aux projets de paix et, même, de conquête du pouvoir.
Décrypter la participation des usagers à travers un dispositif de management : le sensemaking
Authors: Chassagnoux Anne
Published: April 2018

Depuis quelques années, un recueil de satisfaction des prestations hospitalières a été développé pour les usagers dans le contexte d’une démarche qualité. La loi 2002-2 du 2 janvier 2002 confirme cette volonté de qualité dans les structures médicosociales et donne une réelle place aux usagers en tant que citoyens. Cet article a pour objectif de décrypter la participation des usagers à travers un dispositif de management – le sensemaking – qui met en débat les représentations de la participation par les usagers et par les professionnels, et permet au manager d’orienter ses décisions dans l’institution.
Le corps vu par un médecin
Authors: Larue François
Published: April 2018

Le chemin parcouru depuis la fin de ses études suscite chez François Larue une longue réflexion sur les manières dont il a perçu le corps de ses patients. Au fil de ce propos, les lecteurs pourront se montrer surpris, choqués parfois, par la façon dont il parle du corps ou nomme ses patient(e)s. Mais – qu’ils soient étudiants, médecins en plein exercice ou médecins retraités – ne se retrouveront-ils pas dans ses états d’âme successifs ? La réflexion de l’auteur permettra aux plus jeunes de pressentir la complexité du soin et de prendre conscience de la nécessité et de la difficulté de faire une place à ce « corps » dont ils pourraient oublier l’existence, tant leur esprit et leur pratique sont « envahis » par les technologies modernes.
Sahel, sahel
Authors: Retaillé Denis
Published: April 2018

Cet article consacré au Sahel et à son lien avec le Sahara porte une critique à la définition zonale des domaines par les erreurs voire les fautes qu’elle a induites. L’espace des sociétés qui les parcourent, hérité d’une longue histoire géographique, a toujours privilégié les relations nord-sud. Cet oubli de la science conduit, aujourd’hui, à de graves difficultés géopolitiques mais aussi économiques qui ne sont pas imputables à la dureté des « conditions naturelles ».
Géo-graphies du tourisme : la construction d’un objet en quête de légitimité scientifique
Authors: Coëffé Vincent , Violier Philippe
Published: April 2018

La mise au pilori du tourisme prolifère depuis l’émergence du phénomène touristique lui-même, au moment du passage d’une mobilité exclusive de l’aristocratie à une mobilité plus inclusive. Cette doxa empêche la saisie scientifique de ce phénomène majeur du Monde contemporain. Quand l’activité scientifique s’exerce, elle propose des modèles qui s’appuient sur des fondements idéologiques, notamment ceux qui sont liées à une supposée « destruction » des lieux par le tourisme. Pourtant, une nouvelle approche a émergé depuis les années 1990 qui est centrée sur la « mise en tourisme » et qui montre la dimension urbaine du phénomène touristique et des objets qu’il produit. Cet article montre alors les différents problèmes que pose le traitement de l’urbanité touristique et de ses singularités.
Les marges, une géographie plastique des territoires humains
Authors: Sajaloli Bertrand , Grésillon Étienne
Published: April 2018

Débattue, parfois considérée comme a-spatiale, la question sur la France des marges interroge les liens existant entre l’être humain et l’espace. À partir d’un double regard définissant la marge comme une géographie excentrée et comme une géographie existentialiste, l’article propose une géographie plastique des territoires humains attentive aux relations entre centre et périphérie, entre normes et hors-norme, qui envisage le lien social par le biais de l’altérité et de sa considération politique. Si les territoires des marges qui en émanent paraissent complexes, enchevêtrés, s’ils dessinent une géographie sans contours spatiaux fixes, ils conduisent pourtant à porter un regard inédit sur la géographie de la France à un moment où le modèle intégrateur s’essouffle.
Des indicateurs pour identifier les effets des démarches participatives : application au cas du département du Gard
Authors: Rey-Valette Hélène , Beuret Jean-Eudes , Richard-Ferroudji Audrey
Published: April 2018

Cet article présente la démarche et les résultats de l’évaluation d’une vingtaine de dispositifs participatifs mis en œuvre par le département du Gard. Cette évaluation s’est appuyée sur des entretiens auprès de 47 parties prenantes et une enquête en ligne auprès de 72 citoyens. Après une réflexion sur la nature des effets des concertations et les contraintes à leur évaluation, nous présentons des indicateurs construits à partir de la bibliographie et des entretiens. Ils distinguent les effets concrets sur les mesures mises en place, les effets sur l’image et l’organisation au sein de la structure ainsi que les effets sociaux et personnels pour les participants. L’usage des indicateurs renforce l’évaluation des démarches. La quasi-totalité des effets proposés ont été évalués positivement, le plus souvent à un niveau moyen hormis quelques-uns jugés plus importants à la fois par les parties prenantes et les citoyens.
Stratégie territoriale : les impacts et les limites d’un cadre participatif « incitatif-coercitif »
Authors: Michaux Valéry
Published: April 2018

Cette recherche longitudinale (huit années) porte sur l’analyse comparative de dix démarches de planification stratégique territoriale impulsées sur des territoires ruraux et péri-urbains par les pouvoirs publics régionaux dans le cadre de la loi Voynet . Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que – au bout de huit années – le changement de comportement stratégique des collectivités locales vers une stratégie commune intersectorielle mobilisant les « forces vives du territoire » n’a été possible que dans 60 % des territoires analysés. Ce changement résulte d’un cadre participatif « incitatif coercitif » impulsé à l’échelle de la région qui ne va rendre possible que dans certaines conditions l’émergence de changements locaux profonds. On observe même dans ces cas des transformations progressives en cascade et des effets de systèmes entre les échelles locales et régionales qui pourraient être qualifiés de « tectonique des territoires » si on reprenait, dans un contexte différent, la célèbre métaphore de Lacour (1993, 1996).
Évolutions démographiques et marché de l’immobilier neuf
Authors: d’Albis Hippolyte , Djemaï Élodie
Published: April 2018

Cet article utilise les Enquêtes Logement réalisées de 1973 à 2013 et analyse les effets démographiques sur la dynamique du marché de l’immobilier neuf en France métropolitaine, ainsi qu’en Île-de-France, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, dans les régions littorales et dans les régions enclavées. Le calcul des fréquences d’acquisition d’un logement neuf au titre de la résidence principale par âge permet de souligner les effets comportementaux et les effets démographiques (en distinguant taille de la population et structure par âge) sur la dynamique du marché. L’article analyse l’impact du vieillissement de la population et propose des projections relatives aux besoins de construction d’ici 2060. Alors que l’évolution de taille de la population a été favorable aux acquisitions sur l’ensemble de la période étudiée, la structure par âge devient défavorable dès le début des années 1990. La décomposition révèle des effets très spécifiques aux régions étudiées.
L’énergie éolienne au péril de la transition ? Le succès résistible du compromis éolien au Québec
Authors: Fournis Yann
Published: April 2018

Le Québec est une belle illustration des défis posés par la « transition énergétique » aux sociétés contemporaines. Car si la transition énergétique est en passe d’y devenir un leitmotiv consensuel, celle-ci pourrait être bien modeste. Comme laboratoire de la présente transition énergétique, l’énergie éolienne en incarne bien les contradictions puisque, alors même que la transition est au cœur de la plus récente politique énergétique du Québec, l’énergie éolienne connaît un brusque coup d’arrêt. Pour comprendre cette contradiction au moins apparente, il faut explorer les dimensions politiques de la transition énergétique : influencés par la trajectoire historique de l’économie politique canadienne, les instruments de politiques publiques structurant le parc éolien québécois ont initialement privilégié un déploiement «  hard path  » avant de faire place à des inflexions territoriales remarquables. Sous cette perspective, le programme éolien du Québec est un compromis à la fois politique, technologique et territorial qui, initialement peu original, a su se renouveler au contact des territoires pour s’ouvrir à de nouveaux enjeux, acteurs et territoires… avant de connaître une étrange victoire lorsque, en 2016, la politique énergétique globale du gouvernement laisse de côté la production éolienne.
Le droit de l’Union européenne à l’épreuve du paradigme sécuritaire : autour du refus du Conseil d’Etat d’annuler la décision de maintenir les contrôles aux frontières
Authors: Hamon Fanny , Fadier Agathe
Published: April 2018

Dans une décision du 28 décembre 2017, le Conseil d’État (CE) a rejeté une requête déposée par l’ANAFE (Association nationale d’assistance aux frontières des étrangers), le GISTI et la Cimade contre la décision des autorités françaises de prolonger le rétablissement des contrôles aux frontières intérieures de l’espace Schengen au-delà du 31 octobre 2017. En se déclarant compétent pour statuer sur la requête des associations tout en légitimant la position du gouvernement rendant possible une reconduction potentiellement infinie des contrôles aux frontières au motif de la lutte contre la menace terroriste, le CE suit dans le cadre de son contrôle de conventionalité, la même logique que celle appliquée lors des renouvellements successifs de l’état d’urgence entre novembre 2015 et novembre 2017. Il opère un contrôle de proportionnalité de façade qui valide - selon les auteures - une infraction au droit de l’UE, prive le juge de Luxembourg de son rôle de garant de l’interprétation du droit de l’UE et ne prend pas au sérieux la restriction problématique des droits des personnes dans l’espace Schengen. Cette décision sans surprise s’inscrit dans le paradigme sécuritaire. La manière dont le mécanisme de l’exception opère au niveau européen, ainsi que ses conséquences sur l’UE, diffèrent toutefois du cadre national et nécessitent de prendre en compte dans l’analyse les spécificités du cadre institutionnel et politique européen. L’existence d’une telle décision permet d’illustrer le caractère très relatif de la solidarité européenne et la manifestation d’un repli national inquiétant pour la pérennité du système Schengen.
The Designing of Organization Structure in Innovative Firms
Authors: Ömür Gökçe Akdemir
Published: April 2018

Globalization and information technolgy are key factors for altering all dynamics of the business life. These factors push firms to create new tools for struggle with competitive markets. Nowadays, one of the key tools is innovation and to become an innovative firm. The firms focus on differantiation and offering a higher value to their customer. So, they must have suitable numbers of creative employees and infrastructure such as buildings, machines, so on. But, unless these factors integrate each other, it does not create a synergy of them. The structure is like that skeleton for a firm. The structure should coordinate all its factors so that it gets higher effectiveness as a result of the firm's operations. In other words, the firm's aims and strategies determine its structure. For this reason, innovative firms can prefer one or two of their organization structure's types simultaneously such as matrix organization based on projects, ambidexterous structure with its explorary and exploratative sides, or starfish structure with decentralization. In the chapter, innovative firm and its features are described. Then the innovative organization structure is analyzed. Which factors affect the organization structure, what types of innovative structure are, and why the choiced structure type is ideal for innovative operations are explored.
Competitive Intelligence and Technology Watch From Patent Information to Leverage Innovation
Authors: Maravilhas Sérgio , Oliveira Sérgio Ricardo Goes , Melo Paulo
Published: April 2018

Information is an indispensable resource for the functioning and survival of organizations. To compete in the global environment of rapid change, where currently they are located, information is needed to help them innovate and gain competitive advantages in the markets in which they operate. Patent information can provide an increasing competitiveness through the technology transfer that it motivates and proved to be very important economically by encouraging creativity and innovation. It is argued that coherent and effective consultation of the information resulting from research and development activities with industrial application, performing competitive intelligence, and technology watch can leverage innovation and generate competitive advantages in business. The goal of this competitive intelligence and technology watch is to stimulate creativity, leading to new product/process development and the consequent improvement of innovation rates with cost efficiency. Some examples of the use and application of this information resource in different types of industry are presented.
Relationships Between Universities and Enterprises
Authors: Moreira António Carrizo , Vallejo Ana Carolina
Published: April 2018

The university-enterprise (U-E) relationship is a topic that has gathered much interest in the academic world. Universities seek to offer services and technology that help firms to build and foster a harmonious U-E relationship, allowing firms to continually renew their involvement in the relationship. This chapter seeks to analyze the role played by various factors—satisfaction, commitment as perceived by firms, perceived commitment by universities, trust, and reputation—in encouraging firms to continuously renew their involvement in the university relationship. A questionnaire was produced drawing on a literature review looking at U-E relationships, the results of which were then analyzed using partial least squares – structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Afyer analyzing 80 responses from firms involved in U-E relationships, it was possible to conclude that commitment of firms, reputation, and the perceived commitment of the universities are very important in the continuous participation of firms in U-E relationships.
Impact Assessment of Policies and Practices for Agile Software Process Improvement
Authors: Jamil George Leal , Almeida de Oliveira Rodrigo
Published: April 2018

This chapter proposes the application of computer simulation models for the evaluation of software quality improvement through the implementation of policies and practices of software development processes and performing the measurement of the evolution of the quality through the Six Sigma methodology. In order to provide decision makers of process improvement, a model of dynamic simulation of systems was proposed. Model validation was performed using data collected from various projects developed in an information technology company headquartered in Belo Horizonte-MG. The models mentioned in this chapter are able to provide the decision makers a tooling of process improvement able to perform predictions, predictions, analysis of “what if” scenarios in the model. As a result of this work, a dynamic simulation model of systems capable of performing the evaluation of software quality in Sigma level is found. Also, there are comparisons and analyses of actual data of software development projects with the simulation data of the models presented. The earnings with the new version of the case exceed by more than 50% the Sigma level, the quality of software developed, and reduction of more than 55% of the time of development of the project.
Innovation Management
Authors: Neto Francisco de Sousa Lima
Published: April 2018

The chapter aims to demonstrate how important the administration of innovation is as a competitive strategy in business. In order to clarify the objectives of these studies, the authors show the importance of the administration of inovation in small business to present the advantages and disvantages of the process related administration of innovation and how it can make a competitive administration of innovation strategic point. The methodological approach was the quantitative and qualitative, descriptive and purpose applied to a case study in the company which served as sample survey, with the participation of 9 employees, including 2 managers and 7 employees. As a result, it is evaluated that 86% approve and 14% disapprove of innovation management and its benefits in developing processes and ensuring a satisfactory standard of competitiveness. The chapter reveals how making this tool can change businesses in a positive way, making the company more competitive and giving the managers more agility and precision in their processes.
Fab Labs and Makerspaces for Learning and Innovation
Authors: Maravilhas Sérgio , Martins Joberto S. B.
Published: April 2018

A collaborative space for stimulating innovation is a place of learning through the exchange and sharing of knowledge and experience among its members. At the same time, it allows one to leverage innovation using technological resources available in the space, stimulating the creativity of its participants and enabling the development of products and solutions based on personal projects from ideation, or the construction supported on knowledge developed by other elements together, collaboratively, enhancing the final result. These spaces have several designations and typologies, like makerspaces, hackerspaces, techshops, and fab labs. In this chapter, the authors focus on a model, widely tested and in use in several places of the world, the fab lab. The possibility of implementing a fab lab, or fabrication laboratory, or fabulous laboratory, which is a laboratory of digital fabrication, serving as a prototyping platform of physical objects, with broad educational, social, and economic advantages will be analyzed and described.
Mentoring of Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Mahlangu Vimbi Petrus
Published: April 2018

This chapter uses a qualitative research approach. It follows an interpretive constructionist paradigm. This approach emphasizes the idea that human knowledge is a human construct, and the chapter examines the world of lived experience from the point of view of pre-service teachers. Method used in collecting information was through literature review. The purpose of this chapter, therefore, is to argue for the mentoring of pre-service teachers. Topics covered are mentoring and professional development; teachers' rights and obligations; factors that discourage pre-service teachers to pursue teacher education; teacher recruitment strategies; teacher autonomy; as well as dealing with diversity and bullying in schools.
Mentoring University Preparatory Students Through World Englishes (WEs)-Integrated Courses
Authors: Kapçık Ahmet Cihat , Öztüfekçi Ali , Ören Aybüke Demet , Kaplan Ayten , Uzunkaya Çiğdem Yılmaz , Mede Enisa
Published: April 2018

The increasing number of non-native English speakers in the world has led to the use of varieties of English. Nowadays, the number of speakers of English in the expanding circle has exceeded the number of speakers in the outer and inner circles. This has given rise to the scrutiny of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). With this regard, the research on World Englishes (WEs) has increased over the last few decades. In light of these observations, the purpose of this chapter is to raise awareness of World Englishes (WEs) among preparatory students at private universities in Turkey. Specifically, the study is concerned with mentoring preparatory students through Wes-integrated courses. The participants of this study were 20 preparatory students at A2-level English proficiency. As data collection procedure, the mentor teacher of the existing program adapted EFL materials including videos, dialogues, and integrated four language skills. The data were collected through questionnaires and reflective essays. With regard to the results, the students had an idea about the concept of Wes, and they became aware of the varieties of English to some extent; specifically, they displayed consciousness about the status of English across the world and sympathy toward WEs.
The Role of the Mentor
Authors: Farrell Chris
Published: April 2018

This chapter focuses on the role of the mentor the context of a modern language institution. It looks at two strands of mentorship: within the organization and while interacting with the wider ELT world. In the first context the authors look at the various functions a mentor is expected to perform with a particular focus on the scheme as it exists in Centre of English Studies in the UK and Ireland. Here we have a comprehensive mentor program in operation for the summer quarter of the year with weekly sessions and comprehensive support provided. For the other three quarters of the year, the mentor role is more ad-hoc, with a flexible program and timetable dictated by the teachers' needs. In both of these situations, the mentor has to play a number of key roles and be relatively proficient in these. In terms of the role of the mentor in an external context, this chapter looks at the role of mentor in the Irish Research Scheme for Teaching, a national research scheme aimed at promoting academic quality through research in Ireland.
Educational Institutions
Authors: Manoli Vasiliki
Published: April 2018

Through the use of different political games, power items of the typology of French and Raven, and leadership style, the leader has to make the right educational decision. When the school is shaken by internal and external conflicts, the school leader is the manager, and he will give constructive solutions to these conflicts to emerge as valuable sources of ideas that will enrich school life. This chapter aims to present both the various political games, as mentioned mainly by Mintzberg, and the entry types in the typology of French and Raven present in educational institutions and the meaning of educational change and conditions for success. Also mentioned is the organizational culture and strengthening through the holistic model of leadership of Pashiardis and Brauckmann emphasizing the concept of “mentorship.” The significance of the work lies in the fact that the undermentioned issues are relevant to educational institutions and require attention from both the leader-director and the teachers of each school unit.
Design and Implementation of Mentoring Programs
Authors: Sucuoğlu Hale
Published: April 2018

It is hard to mention a single type of mentoring since every mentoring process might have different needs and purposes. Mentor and mentee should come together and determine the needs and goals for designing a mentoring program. This is the best possible way to make an effective program. A well-planned mentoring program is required for new graduate teachers to be trained well. Needs analysis must be done in the first stage of the program. After the program's development phases that involve design and implementation, evaluation phase enables the program to succeed and be effective. The characteristics such as personality, attitude, and education background of both the mentor and mentee should be taken into consideration when performing mentoring implementations for teacher training. This enhances acqusitions achieved from the process. It is of importance to receive support from specialists in their fields, academicians in education faculties of universities, and program development experts during the process of mentoring training program.
Adoption of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) for Librarians' Professional Development in Africa
Authors: Fagbohun Michael O. , Nkiko Chrisopher , Adetomiwa Basiru , Asaolu Aderonke O. , Nwokeoma Nwanne M. , Esse Ugwunwa C. , Usman Kazeem Omeiza
Published: April 2018

Librarian development is the process of constantly strengthening professional attainment, broadening academic knowledge, and enhancing skills. This chapter explores how Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), can be used as continuing professional development of a librarian. This chapter narrates how MOOCs may offer a librarian an opportunity to upgrade their skills or further their education. It explains the benefits and challenges of the adoption of MOOCs for continuing professional development in developing countries and how this can be applied in developing economies. The major benefits of MOOCs to librarians are to help in professional and personal learning, but most librarians who wish to experience progressive career-development are yet to ascertain this fact. The chapter concludes that librarians have the opportunity to leverage this technology to improve their relevant professional skills in the 21st century. It is also established that the adoption and use of MOOCs among professional librarians in Africa is low as in advanced countries.
Reengineering India's Education System Through E-Learning
Authors: Sharma Reeta , Ganguly Shantanu
Published: April 2018

The education marketplace in India is changing dramatically, whether at school, university, or at advanced or professional course levels. In today's context, the need of the hour is to augment knowledge in every sphere to remain abreast of the competitive landscape. On the other hand, with the constant advent of ICT and rapid invasion of internet in the knowledge society, the online delivery models are becoming user friendly, interactive, and dynamic. Universities and colleges face significant constraints in raising revenue, growing classroom capacity, and increasing student enrolments; student graduation rates remain a major concern and graduating students are finding it difficult to find suitable jobs with corporations, who are demanding greater and varied skills and competencies. Online education platforms are constantly evolving as a great savior by providing suitable professional courses to the right aspirants at the right time, at the right place. This chapter is an exploratory study of the role of e-learning platforms, which emerged as one of the major remedies in India's education system.
MOOCS Applications in Open Distance Leaning (ODL)
Authors: Baskaran C.
Published: April 2018

The term MOOC has been around since 2008, but the concept began to generate significant media attention and debate in 2012 with the launch of MOOCs offered by or in association with prestigious US institutions through providers such as EdX, Coursera, and Udacity. In response to widespread media attention and debate, uptake of MOOCs has since spread globally. Coursera and EdX have partnered with elite institutions in Europe, Asia, and Australasia, and new MOOC platforms have been developed including Future Learn in the UK, OpenupEd, and iVersity in Europe and Open2Study in Australia.
The Impact of MOOC on Education System
Authors: Pant T.
Published: April 2018

Recent developments in the field of MOOCs in India include the launching of the SWAYAM platform and the UGC guidelines to include MOOC courses through SWAYAM platform in the curriculum. The basic idea of MOOC is very simple; however, its accessibility is not a success as the theme promises. The worldwide success rate of MOOC is as low as 10% of the all registrations. This data is of very serious concern. On the brighter side of the discussion, its popularity has grown over time and more courses are now available for study. This chapter deals with the current status as well as the future scope of MOOC in India.
Skills of Library and Information Science Professionals in MOOCs Environment
Authors: Kaushik Anna
Published: April 2018

This chapter argues whether the contemporary competencies and skills of library and information science professionals are sufficient in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) environment by conducting a SWOT analysis of the skills of library and information science professionals from a MOOCs perspective. It further discusses the category-wise and course step-wise skills of library and information science professionals needed in MOOCs settings and concludes with a discussion of how library and information science learners use and develop their skills that fit in MOOC environment in order to support MOOCs movement.
MOOCs Theories, Trends, Critics, and Life Sciences Applications
Authors: Alexiou Athanasios T. , Sarup Prerna , Kumar Ashok , Gupta Girish Kumar
Published: April 2018

While humankind has already reached the so-called zettabyte era in the data transactions, scientific knowledge needs to be transferred and distributed globally, without limitations. Mainly for the case of life sciences and medical fields, the treatment of chronic and lethal diseases requires open access to large databases and clinical trials from researchers across the world, but mostly an open and high-quality education for everyone. The solution has already been applied lately, through the establishment of the massive open online courses (MOOCs) that offer a free and unobstructed multilevel education to anyone and anywhere, using emerging IT techniques. Applications are vast and cover all technologies of today. However, is this true? Are MOOCs the solution to a free and open forum for knowledge sharing, giving the opportunity of education to people from low-income countries? In this chapter, MOOCs are discussed and analyzed in depth alongside the advantages and disadvantages of their application in the higher education.
On the Development of VR and AR Learning Contents for Children on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Herrera Gerardo , Vera Lucia , Sevilla Javier , Portalés Cristina , Casas Sergio
Published: April 2018

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term used to group a range of brain development disorders. The learning profile of most people with ASD is mainly visual, and VR and AR technologies offer important advantages to provide a visually based mean for gaining access to educational contents. The prices of VR and AR glasses and helmets have fallen. Also, a number of tools that facilitate the development and publication of AR and VR contents have recently appeared. Therefore, a scenario of opportunity for new developments has appeared in this field. This chapter offers guidelines for developing AR and VR learning contents for people on the autism spectrum and analyses those guidelines from the perspective of two important case studies developed in previous years.
BIM FM
Authors: Codinhoto Ricardo , Donato Vincenzo , Comlay Julie , Adeyeye Kemi , Kiviniemi Arto
Published: April 2018

Despite significant progress for the adoption of BIM in AEC, currently its adoption for FM has been sparse, scarce, and extraneous. There are few cases in the world where robust adoption has taken place that are able to demonstrate success and are willing to disseminate the positive impact of BIM FM on sustainability, operational efficiency, and cost reduction. To date, there is no approach, motivation, or support in place to enable the extensive adoption of BIM for FM worldwide. In the UK, for instance, the UK BIM initiative, mandate, and the Digital Built Britain cannot count on the participation of FM stakeholders; the government has only started promoting initiatives that could trigger an extensive BIM approach, generating benefits for organizations and more importantly, society as a whole. In this chapter, data from authors' various research projects has been put together to generate an agenda for BIM FM implementation. The findings reveal that unless an intervention, such as a mandate for FM services suppliers, is put in place, very little will happen with regards to BIM FM.
Fog Computing and Virtualization
Authors: Duggirala Siddhartha
Published: April 2018

The essence of cloud computing is moving out the processing from the local systems to remote systems. Cloud is an umbrella of physical/virtual services/resources easily accessible over the internet. With more companies adopting cloud either fully through public cloud or hybrid model, the challenges in maintaining a cloud capable infrastructure is also increasing. About 42% of CTOs say that security is their main concern for moving into cloud. Another problem, which is mainly problem with infrastructure, is the connectivity issue. The datacenter could be considered as the backbone of cloud computing architecture. Handling this new generation of requirements of volume, variety, and velocity in IoT data requires us to evaluate the tools and technologies. As the processing power and storage capabilities of the end devices like mobile phones, routers, sensor hubs improve, we can increase leverage these resources to improve your quality and reliability of services. Applications of fog computing is as diverse as IoT and cloud computing itself. What IoT and fog computing have in common is to monitor and analyse real-time data from network connected things and acting on them. Machine-to-machine coordination or human-machine interaction can be a part of this action. This chapter explores fog computing and virtualization.
Fog Computing
Authors: Balakrishnan P. , Venkatesh Veeramuthu , Raj Pethuru
Published: April 2018

The evolutions of world wide web (WWW) promise the revolution in personal, professional, and social aspects of human beings. These evolutions begin with static web pages to more sophisticated brain-computer interfaces. Among them, Web 4.0 plays a significant role that aimed to integrate mobile devices and things into the web to realize smarter environments. Further, it leads to the progression of machine-to-machine communication, wireless sensor networks, cyber physical systems, and internet of things (IoT). The drastic development of IoT applications led to unprecedented growth of data which can be processed using more powerful far-end cloud resources or less powerful local edge devices. Fog computing compromises the demerits of both approaches and conducts the data analysis at the network-end itself. This chapter provides the benefits of fog computing architectures together with the simulator as well as different software platforms for realizing the fog computing.