bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Huertas domésticas y políticas de agricultura urbana: ¿desde el autoconsumo hasta el mercado?
Authors: Velandia-Díaz Daniel
Published: October 2019

En Bogotá, a comienzos del siglo XXI, se presentaron políticas institucionales para fortalecer aspectos sociales tales como la agricultura urbana, la alimentación saludable y la integración comunitaria. Muchas de estas políticas estuvieron asociadas a la preocupación por la inclusión social y fueron dirigidas por las alcaldías de la ciudad. En los planes de gobierno: “Bogotá Sin Indiferencia” (2004-2007), “Bogotá Positiva” (2008-2011) y “Bogotá Humana” (2012-2015), se adelantaron sendos procesos de intervención para conformar redes de agricultura urbana en algunas localidades de la ciudad. Estas intervenciones promovieron el reconocimiento de experiencias comunitarias previas, tanto como apoyaron la emergencia de nuevas iniciativas en el contexto de la agricultura urbana.
Cagiao-Vila, P. (Ed.). (2018). Donde la política no alcanza. El reto de diplomáticos, cónsules y agentes culturales en la renovación de las relaciones entre España y América, 1880-1939. Madrid, España – Frankfurt, Alemania: Iberoamericana – Vervuert.
Authors: Prado Gustavo H.
Published: October 2019

La aparición de cualquier obra americanista de calidad y relevancia en sus temas suele ser motivo de celebración y felicitación, tanto para autores como para interesados en sus contenidos. En esta ocasión no sólo se cumple con ello, sino que cabe remarcarlo doblemente por lo sobresaliente del trabajo que tenemos entre manos. Donde la política no alcanza, dirigida por Pilar Cagiao Vila (Universidad de Santiago de Compostela), es más que una obra de calidad, relevancia e interés. Se trata de una obra transversal que además contiene una serie de valores poco frecuentes.
Colaborar ou cooperar? diz espelho meu!
Authors: Bacury Gerson Ribeiro , Ferreira Maria Salonilde
Published: October 2019

Este artigo discute questões relativas às interfaces colaborar/cooperar em processos formativos mediados por Práticas Investigativas em Educação Matemática, com destaque, à abordagem colaborativa crítico reflexiva. Considerando as peculiaridades inerentes a colaboração e à cooperação, a indagação que se coloca é de explicitar as relações que se estabelecem entre elas. Nesse sentido, enfatiza, inicialmente, os aspectos distintivos entre cooperação e colaboração como parâmetro de análise e compreensão das relações prováveis de se estabelecem entre ambas, considerando os resultados de estudos e pesquisas de autores que refletem sobre essa temática e os fundamentos da Teoria do Discurso (BAKHTIN, 2003). Busca, em seguida, elementos empíricos possíveis de tornar evidentes essas relações e conexões a partir de um contexto que privilegia a pesquisa com eixo central do processo formativo e, por fim, destaca a complexidade desses processos e a necessidade de compreender e considerar a pluralidade de procedimentos metodológicos que eles requerem.
2013 ve 2017 Yılları Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programlarının Fizik Konuları Bağlamında Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Aksoy Hakan , Ünsal Yasin
Published: October 2019

Bu araştırmanın
amacı, 2013 ve 2017 fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programlarını, öğretmen
görüşleri çerçevesinde; hedef, içerik, öğrenme-öğretme süreci ve değerlendirme
boyutları bakımından cinsiyet, kıdem ve mezun oldukları okul türü
değişkenlerine göre fizik konuları bağlamında karşılaştırmaktır. Bu amaçla
yapılan araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu
Ankara ili Sincan ve Etimesgut ilçelerine bağlı ortaokullarda görev yapan 199
Fen Bilimleri öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma grubunda yer alan öğretmenlere
12 sorudan oluşan Mesleki ve Kişisel Bilgiler Anketi ile 59 sorudan oluşan
Likert tipi Öğretmen Görüş Anketi uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan anketlerden elde
edilen verilerin analiz edilmesinde istatistik yazılım programı kullanılmıştır.
Bu yazılım yardımıyla t-Testi, ANOVA Testi, Welch Testi, Tamhane Testi ve LSD
Test analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda 2013 ve 2017 fen
bilimleri dersi öğretim programları arasında fizik konuları bağlamında;
hedefler, içerik, öğrenme-öğretme süreci ve değerlendirme bakımından fen
bilimleri öğretmenlerinin görüşleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar
bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, hedefler, içerik, öğrenme-öğretme süreci ve
değerlendirme bakımından; görev yaptıkları okul türü, cinsiyet, kıdem ve mezun
oldukları okul türü değişkenlerine göre öğretmen görüşlerinden elde edilen
ortalama değerlerin, 2013 yılı öğretim programına kıyasla, 2017 yılı öğretim programında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış gösterdiği ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca,
fen bilimleri öğretmenlerin (yeni) 2017 fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programı
ile ilgili değerlendirmeleri, fizik konuları bağlamında, hedef, içerik,
öğrenme-öğretme süreci ve değerlendirme boyutları bakımından; cinsiyet, kıdem
ve mezun oldukları okul türü değişkenlerine göre farklılık göstermemektedir.
Gum Acacia Functional Significance in the Management of Obesity
Authors: Jangra Surender , Pothuraju Ramesh
Published: October 2019

:

Consumption of diets rich in fat and refined sugars are recognized to be the cause of altered intestinal functionality and metabolic disorders like obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Different epidemiologic studies have shown a significant relationship between lower intake of fibre and metabolic disorders. There are many naturally occurring dietary fibres among which gums are utmost important class e.g. guar gum, locust bean gum, tara gum, gellan gum, and gum acacia. Gum acacia has been considered as a safe dietary fibre by the United States, Food and Drug Administration and it is used widely as a stabilizer, thickening agent, and emulsifier in the food industry. Though gum acacia feeding has been reported to exert many beneficial effects in both rodents and humans, the underpinning for the different proposed molecular mechanisms are still elusive. So it would be of great relevance to conduct studies to understand the molecular mechanism of action of such fibres in the management of metabolic diseases.
MMSR-AOMDV: An Enhanced Multi-Service Support Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Nezamzadeh Neda , Barekatain Behrang , Raahemifar Kaamran
Published: October 2019

Background:

Because of some inherent characteristics of MANETs such as infrastructural
instability, limitations and shortcomings, multi-hop communication, wireless media and dynamic
topology, routing has emerged as the most important challenge in these networks. This
prompted a wealth of research which attempted to improve the routing quality through focusing
on various qualitative criteria.

Objective:

However, these researches have not adequately addressed the applied characteristics of
MANETs as the most important capability of such networks. In other words, application of these
networks in different fields have warranted the development of different services with varying
Quality-of-Service requirements. This requires the network to support the quality of various services
in proportion with the varying qualitative requirements of transaction services.

Methods:

In order to efficiently address this issue, this research introduces an enhanced protocol
dubbed MMSR-AOMDV based on the development of basic AOMDV protocol and reaping the
benefits of Fuzzy Logic. MMSR-AOMDV is a double-step protocol that attempts to enable distinguishing
transaction services and supporting the various services associated with the specific demands
and requirements of each service based on the performance in each step. For this, MMSRAOMDV
has been developed in a way to enable in the first step the assessment of qualitative indicators
which are associated with the requirements of the services sent via utilizing multi-route
routing and classification techniques, while the second step has been dedicated to offering effective
support for multi-service routing quality thanks to the merits of Fuzzy Logic features.

Results and Conclusion:

The simulation of the proposed protocol using OPNET simulator revealed
that in terms of end-to-end delays, packet lost, network throughput and data reception rate,
MMSR-AOMDV significantly outperformed other corresponding methods.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ОЦІНКИ РІВНОВАГИ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ПІСЛЯ ЛАПАРОСКОПІЧНОЇ ХОЛЕЦИСТЕКТОМІЇ НА СТАЦІОНАРНОМУ ЕТАПІ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ
Authors: Голод Н. Р. , Чурпій І. К. , Кулібаба С. О.
Published: October 2019

Резюме. Мета дослідження. Визначити ризик падінь пацієнтів після ЛХЕ на стаціонарному етапі реабілітації за допомогою шкали Берген.

Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні брало участь 30 пацієнтів після ургентної холецистектомії і 30 після планової холецистектомії, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні у хірургічному відділенні Івано-Франківської центральної міської клінічної лікарні. Оцінку рівноваги проводили застосовуючи Шкалу Берген (BERGBALANCESCALE - BBS на другу і на четверту доби після оперативного втручання.

Висновки:

У порівнянні із іншими тестами, шкала рівноваги Берга зарекомендувала себе як найбільш переконливий функціональний тест виявлення дисфункцій рівноваги і, на нашу думку, може послужити хорошим інструментом для встановлення індивідуальних цілей у програмі фізичної терапії для пацієнтів після ЛХЕ.

У ранньому післяопераційному періоді (на 2 добу після оперативного втручання) пацієнти мають виражену ступінь порушення рівноваги, яка обумовлена віком та наявністю супутньої патології, більш виражена вона у пацієнтів після ургентної холецистектомії.

Оцінка рівноваги на 4 день після оперативного втручання вказує на позитивну динаміку (p<0,05), тобто покращення функції, проте, ступінь ризику падінь залишається ще досить високим.

Високий рівень падіння на стаціонарному етапі реабілітації пацієнтів після лапароскопічної холецистектомії обумовлює необхідність включення у програму фізичної терапії як на стаціонарному, так і на амбулаторному етапах реабілітації методів та засобів, направлених на відновлення функції рівноваги, зміцнення тих м’язів, які відповідальні за постуральну стабільність.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПОКАЗНИКІВ СТРУКТУРНОГО СТАНУ СОННИХ АРТЕРІЙ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ГІПЕРТОНІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ В ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВІД РІВНЯ ГАЛЕКТИНУ-3 І АЛЬДОСТЕРОНУ
Authors: Іванов В. П. , Онищук Т. П.
Published: October 2019

Резюме. У статті було проведено аналіз структурного стану сонних артерій у пацієнтів із гіпертонічною хворобою (ГХ), залежно від плазмових рівнів галектину-3 і альдостерону. З цією метою проведено комплексне обстеження рівної кількості (по 80) осіб хворих на ГХ ІІ. Обстежуваних, що включали в дослідження, було поділено на 4 групи залежно від віку. У групу молодого віку ввійшли особи чоловічої та жіночої статі (по 40 осіб) віком 18-44 роки; групи середнього віку склали чоловіки та жінки (по 40) віком від 45-60 років. Загальна кількість обстежених – 160 осіб. Групу контролю склало 27 відносно здорових осіб. Середній вік та частка пацієнтів різного віку достовірно не відрізнялась. Верифікацію діагнозу ГХ проводили на підставі чинних критеріїв та рекомендацій.

Рівень альдостерону та галектину-3 визначали за допомогою імуноферментного аналізу (ІФА).

Структурний стан сонних артерій (СА) визначали на підставі оцінки величини товщини інтима-медіа (ТІМ).

Проведене дослідження встановило, що в пацієнтів з ГХ молодого і середнього віку структурне ремоделювання сонних артерій не виявляє асоціацій зі статтю і віковим цензом пацієнтів. У разі відносно високого (ВВ) рівня галектину-3 на відміну від відносно низького (ВН) і відносно помірного (ВП) визначали суттєве збільшення величини ТІМ (1,00 проти 0,88 і 0,90 мм, р=0,02 і 0,04 відповідно) і частоти випадків з ТІМ >0,9 мм (61,4 % проти 34,9 % і 41,1%, р=0,01 і 0,03 відповідно). У свою чергу, аналогічний аналіз даних, залежно від плазмового рівня альдостерону, продемонстрував дещо інші статистичні закономірності. Спостерігалось, що величина ТІМ і відсоток випадків з ТІМ >0,9 мм були достовірно вищими при ВВ, у порівнянні лише з ВН рівнем нейрогормону (1,00 проти 0,88 мм, р=0,01 і 61 % проти 32,5 %, р=0,01 відповідно).
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З ХРОНІЧНОЮ СЕРЦЕВОЮ НЕДОСТАТНІСТЮ ЗІ ЗНИЖЕНОЮ ФРАКЦІЄЮ ВИКИДУ ЛІВОГО ШЛУНОЧКА ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ВАРІАНТУ ЗАЛІЗОДЕФІЦИТУ
Authors: Колесник М. О.
Published: October 2019

Серед коморбідних станів з хронічною серцевою недостатністю, залізодефіцит посідає особливе місце, оскільки на відміну від хронічного обструктивного захворювання легень і хронічних захворювань нирок є можлива його ефективна і безпечна корекція.  Поглиблене вивчення поєднання залізодефіциту із хронічною серцевою недостатністю також обумовлено надзвичайно високою поширеністю порушень обміну заліза серед пацієнтів із серцевою-судинною патологією. Крім того, відомо, що саме залізодефіцит при серцевій недостатності, незалежно від наявності анемічного синдрому, сприяє розвитку дисфункції скелетних м’язів, що і обумовлює зниження толерантності до фізичного навантаження та слугує незалежним фактором зниження працездатності, зниження якості життя і несприятливого прогнозу пацієнтів.  Однак, незважаючи на низку проведених досліджень, відомості стосовно фізичної здатності пацієнтів із хронічною серцевою недостатністю зі зниженою фракцію викиду лівого  шлуночка залежно від різних варіантів порушень обміну заліза недостатні.

Висновки. Пацієнти із хронічною серцевою недостатністю зі зниженою фракцією лівого шлуночка та супутнім залізодефіцитом незалежно від наявності анемії характеризуються більшою частотою ІІІ функціонального класу за NYHA та нижчою толерантністю до фізичного навантаження. При чому функціональний та абсолютний залізодефіцит має однакове клінічне значення з точки зору функціональної здатності пацієнтів.

 

Ключові слова: хронічна серцева недостатність, функціональний стан,  латентний залізодефіцит, залізодефіцитна анемія.
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ АНГИОГЕНЕЗА В ПРОГНОЗЕ РЕЦИДИВИРОВАНИЯ И ПРОГРЕССИИ НЕИНВАЗИВНОГО УРОТЕЛИАЛЬНОГО РАКА МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ.
Authors: Яковцова И. И. , Титов Е. В. , Ивахно И. В.
Published: October 2019

Резюме. Целью работы являлось изучение ангиогенеза в неинвазивных уротелиальных раках мочевого пузыря (НУРМП) для выявления критериев рецидивирования и прогрессии заболевания.

Материалы и методы. Материалом послужили оперативно удаленные в Харьковском областном клиническом центре урологии и нефрологии им. В. И. Шаповалова уротелиальные раки мочевого пузыря стадии T1, то есть без инвазии в мышечный слой стенки органа, числом 42 случая. Средний возраст пациентов составил 66,4±7,2 лет, мужчин было 83,3% (35/42), женщин –16,7% (7/42).

Материал был распределён на группы: НУРМП без рецидивирования – I группа (14 случаев), НУРМП с рецидивированием без прогрессии – II группа (14 случаев) и НУРМП с рецидивированием и прогрессией в виде инвазии в мышечный слой стенки – III группа (14 случаев).

Результаты и их обсуждение. ПМС в НУРМП составила 32,71±4,22 и варьировала от 12,8 до 44,6. ПМС в строме НУРМП повышалась при возрастании степени злокачественности опухоли, но уровень васкуляризации не оказывал прямого влияния на прогноз заболевания. В НУРМП высокой степени злокачественности отмечалась более интенсивная экспрессия VEGF и большее значение ПМС, чем в НУРМП низкой степени злокачественности (р<0,03 и р<0,01 соответственно). Различия между группами исследования по показателям ПМС и экспрессии VEGF не достоверны (р>0,05).

Выводы. Подтверждена роль VEGF в неоангиогенезе НУРМП, что определяется прямой корреляционной зависимостью между уровнем экспрессии VEGF и ПМС (r=0,677, р<0,05). По мере снижения дифференцировки НУРМП отмечается возрастание васкуляризации опухоли (р<0,01), что обусловлено возрастанием экспрессии VEGF опухолевыми клетками (р<0,03). Исследованные показатели неоангиогенеза – ПМС и VEGF – имеют ограниченное значение для прогноза рецидивирования и прогрессии НУРМП.
ВИМОГИ ДО ВИКЛАДАЧА ВИЩОГО МЕДИЧНОГО НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ЗАКЛАДУ
Authors: Гриджук Т. І.
Published: October 2019

Резюме. Орієнтація вітчизняної освіти на європейський освітній простір ініціює перебудову вимог до викладача вищої школи, як до його професійних, так і особистісних якостей. Для того, щоб вища освіта України максимально задовольняла вимоги часу, такі чинники, як компетентність, професіоналізм, інтелект, творчість повинні відігравати провідну роль у функціонуванні цієї сфери. Стаття присвячена проблематиці формування педагогічної та комунікативної діяльності викладача вищого медичного навчального закладу, що є необхідною умовою успішного процесу викладання. Сучасна психолого-педагогічна наука розглядає відносини викладачів і студентів як особливий соціально-психологічний феномен і важливу складову цілісного педагогічного процесу підготовки фахівця у вищому навчальному закладі. Особливо актуальною стає проблема суб’єкт-суб’єктних відносин між учасниками навчального процесу, основними ознаками яких є: 1) особистісна орієнтація співрозмовників; 2) суб'єкт-суб'єктний характер спілкування; 3) проникнення у світ почуттів і переживань, готовність підтримувати позицію співрозмовника; 4) нестандартні прийоми спілкування, що є наслідком відходу від рольової позиції педагога. Проаналізовано основні вимоги до викладача вищого медичного навчального закладу, розкрито основні напрями його діяльності. Показано, що за своєю сутністю професійно-педагогічна діяльність є інтегративною, у якій поєднуються предметна, наукова, психолого-педагогічна, ідеологічна і лікувальна (для викладачів клінічних кафедр) складові. Висвітлено основне завдання педагога – допомогти студентові стати активним співучасником педагогічного процесу та забезпечити умови для формування його професійної компетентності.
ОГЛЯД ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ МОНОТЕРАПЕВТИЧНОГО ТА КОМБІНОВАНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ВЕНОЗНИХ ВИРАЗОК
Authors: Глаголєва А. Ю. , Саволюк С. І.
Published: October 2019

Одним з ускладнень хронічної венозної недостатності нижніх кінцівок, що суттєво погіршують якість життя пацієнтів, є утворення виразкових дефектів. Останні характеризуються повільним, часто неповним загоєнням, утворенням рецидивних виразок. Важливо проводити детальну оцінку як самого дефекту, так і вірогідних системних порушень у пацієнтів з метою планування найбільш ефективної тактики лікування. Для усунення хронічного запального процесу та забезпечення загоєння венозних виразок найчастіше застосовується компресійна терапія, малоінвазивні втручання, такі як склерооблітерація та термічна абляція, традиційні методи хірургічного лікування (стриппінг), дебрідмент та медикаментозне лікування препаратам на основі діосміну/геспередину. Дослідженнями зарубіжних та вітчизняних авторів продемонстрована висока ефективність комбінованого лікування, а саме поєднання застосування компресії (34-46 мм рт.ст.) на нижні кінцівки із мініінвазивними техніками усунення патологічного вено-венозного рефлюксу (у т.ч. за допомогою вітчизняної технології ендовенозного біоелектрозварювання), прийомом венотонічних засобів на основі діосміну/геспередину (зокрема препарат «Нормовен») та місцевою обробкою виразкових дефектів. Окрім того, оптимізація раціону харчування, відмова від куріння, зниження маси тіла за наявності ожиріння, корекція супутньої серцево-судинної патології додатково до основного лікування сприяє швидшому загоєнню венозної виразки, підвищенню рівня якості життя пацієнтів та відновленню/збереженню працезданості.
Primer registro de Acalitus Orthomera (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) asociado al cultivo de la zarzamora (Rubus fruticosus var. tupy) en Ziracuaretiro, Michoacán, México
Authors: Ayala-Ortega José de Jesús , Acuña-Soto Jesús Alberto , Martínez-Castillo Ana Mabel , Lara-Chávez M. B. N. , Vargas-Sandoval Margarita
Published: October 2019

Acalitus orthomera (Keifer) es registrado por primera vez en el Municipio de Ziracuaretiro, Michoacán, México, asociado a brotes vegetativos en cultivos de zarzamora; se proporciona información sobre su daño y su importancia en este cultivo es discutida.
Evidence on User-Led Innovation in Diabetes Technology (The OPEN Project): Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: O'Donnell Shane , Lewis Dana , Marchante Fernández María , Wäldchen Mandy , Cleal Bryan , Skinner Timothy , Raile Klemens , Tappe Adrian , Ubben Tebbe , Willaing Ingrid , Hauck Bastian , Wolf Saskia , Braune Katarina
Published: October 2019

Background

Digital innovations in health care have traditionally followed a top-down pathway, with manufacturers leading the design and production of technology-enabled solutions and those living with chronic conditions involved only as passive recipients of the end product. However, user-driven open-source initiatives in health care are becoming increasingly popular. An example is the growing movement of people with diabetes, who create their own “Do-It-Yourself Artificial Pancreas Systems” (DIYAPS).

Objective

The overall aim of this study is to establish the empirical evidence base for the clinical effectiveness and quality-of-life benefits of DIYAPS and identify the challenges and possible solutions to enable their wider diffusion.

Methods

A research program comprising 5 work packages will examine the outcomes and potential for scaling up DIYAPS solutions. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies will be used to examine clinical and self-reported outcome measures of DIYAPS users. The majority of members of the research team live with type 1 diabetes and are active DIYAPS users, making Outcomes of Patients’ Evidence With Novel, Do-It-Yourself Artificial Pancreas Technology (OPEN) a unique, user-driven research project.

Results

This project has received funding from the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program, under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action Research and Innovation Staff Exchange. Researchers with both academic and nonacademic backgrounds have been recruited to formulate research questions, drive the research process, and disseminate ongoing findings back to the DIYAPS community and other stakeholders.

Conclusions

The OPEN project is unique in that it is a truly patient- and user-led research project, which brings together an international, interdisciplinary, and intersectoral research group, comprising health care professionals, technical developers, biomedical and social scientists, the majority of whom are also living with diabetes. Thus, it directly addresses the core research and user needs of the DIYAPS movement. As a new model of cooperation, it will highlight how researchers in academia, industry, and the patient community can create patient-centric innovation and reduce disease burden together.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/15368
Transient Cooling Of A Cylinder In Cross Flow Bounded By An Adiabatic Wall
Authors: Saeid Nawaf H , Abusahmin Bashir S.
Published: October 2019

The present study investigates the parameters controlling the cooling process of acylindrical food in the storage area for a period of time. Transient analysis of theconduction and convection (conjugate) heat transfer from a cylindrical food, or acylindrical can filled with food is selected for numerical simulations. The cylinder isbounded by an adiabatic wall and the cold air is flowing normal to the cylinder axis (crossflow). The parameters investigated are: Reynolds number, food thermal properties(density, specific heat and thermal conductivity) and the cooling period. The range of theReynolds number is selected from 50 to 500 to be in laminar flow conditions. Threedifferent materials were selected according their thermal properties. The results arepresented to show the cooling process starting from blowing cold air stream on thecylinder for a period of 4 hours. The results show that the food with low thermal inertia iscooled faster than that of high thermal inertia. The present results show also that thecooling process can be shortened by increasing the air velocity and lower its temperature.
CFD Analysis of Indoor Chlorine Gas Dispersion Storage: Temperatures, Wind Velocities and Ventilation Effects Studies
Authors: Safakar M. , Syafiie S. , Yunus R.
Published: October 2019

The Chemical products factories encounter inherent environmental risks in the process. The indoor release of hazardous chemical gases that are heavier than the air is nowadays a special subject for scrutiny because the dense clouds of the gas have a tendency to insist on the ground level or near the human breath level, causing fatal injuries or other potential health threats to human beings. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT was employed in order to model the accidental indoor dispersion of a dense gas (chlorine) from a small undetected leak in an indoor industrial environment. Furthermore, the effects of different temperatures, wind velocities and ventilation on diffusion of chlorine are investigated in this paper. Results of the simulations represented that the chlorine gas dispersion would behave like the liquid and currents on the floor. It was also found that the chlorine concentration above the ground level increased slowly. Showing the effects of various temperatures and wind on spreading the dense gas will help to better identify the potential risks. In this research, the effects of the environmental situations with the release and spread of chlorine in the indoor space were meticulously investigated.
Multicriterial Analysis of Simulated Process of Post-Combustion Capture of Pure H2S and Mixtures of H2S and CO2 Using Single and Blended Aqueous Alkanolamines
Authors: Soriano Allan N. , Adornado Adonis P. , Pajinag Angelica A. , Acosta Diana Joy F. , Averion Niel M. , Leron Gilfred M. , Bungay Vergel C.
Published: October 2019

The paper evaluates the performance of the nine selected alkanolamines, namely, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), monomethylethanolamine (MMEA), aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA), triethanolamine (TEA), dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and piperazine (PZ) for post-combustion capture of pure hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and mixtures of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide (CO2) at different solvent mass flows: 500, 750, and 1000 kg/h using Aspen Plus® Version 7.2. The objective of the paper is to select the best chemical absorbent for each different criterion: percent H2S removal, percent H2S solvent carrying capacity, percent H2S retained in the lean solvent, percent CO2 and H2S removal, percent CO2 and H2S solvent carrying capacity, percent CO2 and H2S retained in the lean solvent. Based from the obtained results, piperazine is an absorbent that has a good potential for use as a single amine or in mixtures with other amines for capture of pure H2S and mixtures of H2S and CO2.
Dynamic Simulation of Adiabatic Catalytic Fixed-Bed Tubular Reactors: A Simple Approximate Modeling Approach
Authors: Tanthapanichakoon Wiwut , Koda Shinichi , Khemthong Burin
Published: October 2019

Fixed-bed tubular reactors are used widely in chemical process industries, for example, selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene in a naphtha cracking plant. A dynamic model is required when the effect of large fluctuations with time in influent stream (temperature, pressure, flow rate, and/or composition) on the reactor performance is to be investigated or automatically controlled. To predict approximate dynamic behavior of adiabatic selective acetylene hydrogenation reactors, we proposed a simple 1-dimensional model based on residence time distribution (RTD) effect to represent the cases of plug flow without/with axial dispersion. By modeling the nonideal flow regimes as a number of CSTRs (completely stirred tank reactors) in series to give not only equivalent RTD effect but also theoretically the same dynamic behavior in the case of isothermal first-order reactions, the obtained simple dynamic model consists of a set of nonlinear ODEs (ordinary differential equations), which can simultaneously be integrated using Excel VBA (Visual BASIC Applications) and 4th-order Runge-Kutta algorithm. The effects of reactor inlet temperature, axial dispersion, and flow rate deviation on the dynamic behavior of the system were investigated. In addition, comparison of the simulated effects of flow rate deviation was made between two industrial-size reactors.Keywords: Dynamic simulation, 1-D model, Adiabatic reactor, Acetylene hydrogenation, Fixed-bed reactor, Axial dispersion effect
Effect of Experimental Factors in the Growth of Carbon Nanotubes from CO2 by MPECVD Process
Authors: Baldovino Fritzie Hannah , Auresenia Joseph L.
Published: October 2019

The effects of experimental factors such as type of catalyst (nickel and cobalt) and substrate (iron and silicon wafer) in the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNT) from CO2 by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) was systematically studied. Catalyst size and CNT grown were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, gas chromatography (GC) was used to analyze the effluent gas. Moreover, suitable type of catalyst and substrate were determined in terms on the amount of CNT grown, purity, and carbon conversion.Keywords : carbon nanotubes, chemical vapor deposition, nanotechnology
Evaluating Climate Change Mitigation Options in the Philippines with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Promentilla Michael Angelo B. , De la Cruz Carla Angeline M. , Angeles Katrina C. , Tan Kathrina G.
Published: October 2019

The environmental problem of climate change is an issue that needs to be addressed worldwide. As the electricity-generating power sector is the largest contributor of CO2 in the country, low-carbon technologies or sustainable energy systems are being considered as viable alternatives to reduce the CO2 emissions from this sector. These are fossil-based power plants with carbon capture and storage (F-CCS) technology, nuclear energy (NE) and renewable energy (RE) technologies, particularly solar energy (SE), wind energy (WE), hydroelectricity (HE), geothermal energy (GE) and biomass (BE). However, successful implementation of any of these CCMOs depends not only on the technical and economic aspect but also the socio-political aspect of the project. This study therefore proposes an analytical decision modeling framework to evaluate these options by incorporating the subjective judgment of stakeholders. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to structure the problem and quantify the relative preference of each option with respect to four criteria namely environmental effectiveness (EE), economic viability (EV), technical implementability (TI), and social acceptability (SA).Results from the decision model indicate that the most important criterion is environmental effectiveness, and the least important is social acceptability. With respect to environmental effectiveness, their most preferred CCMO was solar energy whereas their least preferred is nuclear energy mainly because of the risk posed by the generated nuclear wastes. With respect to economic viability, their most preferred CCMO was geothermal energy, and the least preferred was nuclear energy. With respect to technical implementability, the respondents gave the highest preference weight on geothermal energy and the least preferred is nuclear energy. With respect to social acceptability, the most preferred was wind energy and again, the least preferred was nuclear energy.
Artificial Intelligence Based State Observer in Polymerization Process
Authors: Ali Jarinah Mohd , Hussain M.A.
Published: October 2019

Observers or state estimators are devices used to estimate immeasurable key parameters that are due to noise, disturbances and mismatch. It is important to identify those variables prior to construct a control system and avoid fault or process disruption. In certain chemical processes, such observer usage produced unsatisfactory results therefore hybrid approached is the appropriate solution. Hybrid observers are combination of two or more conventional observers mainly to enhance the estimator’s performance and overcoming their limitations. In advanced cases, Artificial Intelligence algorithm is applied. This paper develops two hybrid observers namely sliding mode and extended Luenberger observers with fuzzy logic for approximating the monomer concentration in a polymerization reactor. It was found that the sliding mode observer- fuzzy combination is better based on noise handling with less oscillation.
Effect of Ion Exchanged to the CO2 Adsorption on MFI Zeolites
Authors: Wirawan Sang Kompiang , Warmada I Wayan , Wahyuni Endang Tri
Published: October 2019

The adsorption of CO2 on MFI (HZSM-5) and ion exchanged MFI (CaZSM-5) zeolites were studied by a temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The adsorption measurements were conducted at temperatures from 323 to 473 K at atmospheric pressure. The results showed that CO2 was adsorbed on HZSM-5 by one type of adsorption, and on CaZSM-5 zeolites by at least two types of adsorption over the temperature range studied. One was a weak adsorption probably due to interaction with the framework of ZSM-5, and the other was a stronger adsorption caused by interactions with the Ca cations of ZSM-5. The adsorption behavior for HZSM-5 was described by a single site Langmuir adsorption model but for CaZSM-5 a dual site Langmuir model was used. The TPD results indicated that the quantity of irreversibly adsorbed CO2 on HZSM-5 was undetectable.
Synthesis of Ternary Homogeneous Azeotropic Distillation Sequences: Entrainer Selection
Authors: Sutijan Sutijan , Jobson Megan , Smith Robin
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a methodology for automatic selection of entrainers for separating binary azeotropic mixtures using homogeneous azeotropic distillation. A new classification system for ternary mixtures based on the termini of distillation boundaries and the type (stability) of products and azeotropes is proposed. The new characterisation system is able to link candidate entrainers to flowsheet structures which can facilitate the separation. Existing entrainer selection criteria are extended to accommodate other promising entrainers, including light, intermediate and heavy-boiling entrainers.
Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Nano-TiO2 Doped with Iron and Niobium for Turquoise Blue Dye Removal
Authors: Doan Nhat Minh , Estrellan Carl Renan , Purnomo Anton , Gallardo Susan , Salim Chris , Hinode Hirofumi
Published: October 2019

The nano-TiO2 photocatalysts doped with Iron and Niobium for dye wastewater treatment were prepared by temperature-controlled sol-gel method. The effects of these dopants on the physical and chemical properties of TiO2 were compared with the commercially available Degussa TiO2 P25. Among these characteristics are crystalline size, the presence of absolute anatase phase, band gap energy and specific surface area. The characterization data were correlated to photocatalytic activities using Turquoise blue dye (TBD) as model pollutant. Single doping (with Nb) and co-doping (Fe and Nb) catalyst reached complete decolorization within 2.5 hours and 3 hours. In addition, their kinetic reaction rate constants of apparent first-order model are 0.0258 min-1 and 0.0225 min-1, respectively. The presence of Nb as traps is considered to play a crucial key in enhancing the photocatalytic activity.
Synthesis And Performance Of Thin Film Composite Nanofiltration Polyester Membrane For Removal Of Natural Organic Matter Substances
Authors: Jalanni N.A. , Seman M.N. Abu , Faizal C.K. M
Published: October 2019

Nanofiltration (NF) polyester thin-film composite (TFC) membranes have been prepared by interfacial polymerization using commercial polyethersulfone membrane support. At 6% (w/v) triethanolamine (TEAO) concentrations in the aqueous solution and a range of interfacial polymerization times in the organic solution containing trimesoyl chloride (TMC) were studied. Nanofiltration membranes were produced with varying properties through interfacial polymerization technique. The ability to use NF membranes with varying properties will improve overall process efficiency. This study has shown that through interfacial polymerization technique, the variation of reaction time as well as can affect the performance of the membrane produced. As a result, increasing the reaction time resulted in decreasing water permeabilities. Polyester with some amide group produced after interfacial polymerization occurred as shown by FT-IR spectra. Straight lines were obtained between Jw and ΔP and the water flux of distilled water shown that flux is directly proportional to transmembrane pressure (TMP). At low reaction time (5 min), the water flux has no significant effect on water permeance. So, the reaction time has a significant effect on the growth of thin film.
Recovery of Alcohol Ethoxylates Nonionic Surfactant using Co-Current Vacuum Stripping
Authors: Kungsanant Suratsawadee , Kittisrisawai Sirinthip , Kitiyanan Boonyarach , Rirksomboon Thirasak , Osuwan Somchai , Scamehorn John F.
Published: October 2019

Cloud point extraction (CPE) has shown to be an effective technique to remove organic compounds from contaminated water using nonionic surfactant as a separating agent. To make this process more economically attractive, the spent nonionic surfactants should be recycled and reused. This work utilized a packed column operated under vacuum in co-current mode to remove the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the secondary alcohol ethoxylates, AEs, coacervate solution. The co-current operation can effectively avoid plugging, excessive foaming, and flooding. The selected volatile organic contaminants are aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene. The hydrophobic properties of the VOCs are described by an octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow). The results show that as the Kow increases, the Ks substantially increases while the Happ of the VOCs significantly decreases. The reduction of VOCs volatilization is possibly due to greater partitioning of the VOCs into surfactant micelles. The similar trend is also observed in the continuous operation. The results show that as the Kow increases, the percentage of VOCs removal and the Kxa decrease due to the VOCs’ hydrophobic effect. The removal percentages of the VOCs vary from 60 to 90%. The R2 of the log-log and semi-log relationships between Kow and studied parameters are observed in the range of 0.96-0.99.
Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Utilization for VOCs Adsorption
Authors: Purnomo C W. , Qiao S. Z.
Published: October 2019

Functionalized FDU-12 has been studied in the application for hydrocarbon vapor adsorption. In here, the moieties were phenyl and vinyl which being introduced into FDU-12 synthesis using co-condensation methods with the presence of tri block co-polymer P123 as the template. The adsorption used two different vapors, benzene and n-hexane, at 200C. The result suggested that the groups increased the affinity of adsorbing the vapors compared with pure FDU-12.
Effects of Steam Injection Flow in Burner and Outside Water Tube to the Increasing of Boiler Temperature
Authors: Bustan M. Djoni
Published: October 2019

Energy is an expensive basic need for human life, especially energy from fossils, such as crude oil, gas, and coal. In an oil refinery factory or electrical generator unit, where heat is most dominantly utilized, the boiler is used to generate steam. The main problem in a boiler is its uncompleted combustion process because of the incomplete ratio of air–fuel. This problem is caused by the addition of deposits or sealing inside and outside of the tube fire heater which will reduce the performance of fired heater. The objective of this research is to study the effect of steam flow variation on burner and tubing for increasing heat and temperature as well as the quality of steam. This research used a package boiler B&W series 1986 model which can be seen at an oil refinery factory or steam power electrical generator unit in Indonesia. This package boiler has 50kg/hours steam production capacity, qualified superheated steam, maximum pressure and temperature at 7kgs/cms2 and 700oC. Quantitatively, the achievable heat efficiency which corresponded to the temperature increase caused by the steam injection is 41.25% and the specific enthalpy is 12.07%.
Metal Biosorption Studies to Treat Combined Industrial Effluents Using P. chrysosporium
Authors: K Sripathi Rao , P Ravindra
Published: October 2019

This work reports the treatability studies conducted on the combined industrial effluent sample by white rot fungus. The selected strain, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a white rot fungus, was employed in reduction of toxic metals. The specific growth rate of the fungus was found to be in the range of 0.089-0.102 hr -1. Studies conducted on biosorption of metals showed that the dead fungal biomass was found to be more effective than living fungus. The optimum pH for the fungal growth was found to be at 4.5 but enhanced biosorption was at pH 6, especially for maximum reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium. Laboratory-scale experiments for metal biosorption with this Basidiomycete showed encouraging results, which could be applied further to pilot tests and large-scale studies.
Synthesis of Robust Water Reuse Networks Using Fuzzy Nonlinear Programming:Mass Exchange-Based Processes
Authors: R. Tan Raymond Girard , Cruz Dennis E.
Published: October 2019

Water consumption and effluent generation in industrial plants can be effectively reduced by maximizing utilization of partially contaminated water. A dual approach consisting of graphical pinch methods for targeting followed by the synthesis of water reuse networks using such techniques as mathematical programming is usually employed. Reliable process data is necessary for successful plant retrofitting. In most cases, however, the necessary limiting concentrations and mass loads must be deduced from limited information. It thus becomes necessary to balance the conflicting objectives of minimizing water usage and of ensuring that sufficient stream concentrations fall within their limiting values. The use of fuzzy nonlinear programming for the synthesis of robust water reuse networks is demonstrated using a four-process case study from the literature. Keywords: Fuzzy nonlinear programming, process integration, and water reuse network (WRN).
Water Plasma Generation Under Atmospheric Pressure for Waste Treatment
Authors: Watanabe Takayuki
Published: October 2019

DC lOO%-steam plasma characteristics were investigated for the application of halogenated hydrocarbon decomposition because steam plasmas are chemically reactive. However, plasma system generally requires complex subsystems such as steam generators and cooling units. The presented steam plasma system is a portable light-weight plasma generation system that does not require any gas supply unit. The system has high-energy efficiency because it does not need additional cooling water. Electrodes of high durability are required for a DC lOO%-steam plasma because the electrodes are exposed to reactive conditions. Thus, the electrode's characteristics were also investigated under different configurations and conditions. Keywords: CFC decomposition, halon decomposition, steam plasma, thermal plasma, and waste treatment.
Hydrogen Production from Synthesis Gas Using the Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum
Authors: Najafpour Ghasem , Younesi Habibollah
Published: October 2019

Production of biological hydrogen by anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria, specifically Rhodospirillum rubrum, from synthesis gas was successfully conducted at ambient temperature and pressure. The influence of initial acetate concentration as the substrate for microbial growth was investigated in a batch system. Series of experiments were conducted using serum bottles as bioreactor. The agitation rate and light intensity were adjusted at 200 rpm and 1,000 lux, respectively. The concentration of acetate as carbon source was varied from 0.5 to 3.0 g/I. It was observed that the increase in concentration of the carbon source from 2.5 to 3 g/l resulted in the decrease both in the growth of the microorganism and in hydrogen production rate. Experimental results showed that the optimum acetate concentration would be from 1 to 2 g/I. The resulting data also showed that in 1-2 g/I acetate, highest hydrogen formation and cell concentration were obtained. Additional acetate in the initial culture medium inhibited the growth of R. rubrum. An inverse relationship between acetate concentration and initial cell growth was observed. This article presents a method to calculate the mass transfer coefficient for gaseous substrates and the process parameters involved in a gas and liquid fermentation system. The procedure had been defined by experimental data for the bioconversion of CO to C02' while H20 is converted into hydrogen. Hence, a biologically-based water-gas shift reaction provided an attractive alternative improvement for renewable resources to achieve higher hydrogen production. Keywords: Anaerobic bacteria, batch culture, coefficient, CO uptake rate, mass transfer, photobiological hydrogen, and Rhodospirillum rubrum.
Removal of Dyes by Aqueous Mixed Coagulants
Authors: Ooi Peik Yin , Teng Tjoon Tow , Mohd Omar A. K. , Nik Norulaini N. A. R.
Published: October 2019

Alum, MgCl2, and mixtures of alum and MgCl2 have been used as coagulant to remove coloring matter in the reactive dye Levafix Brill Blue EBRA. The jar test was used to determine the effectiveness and the optimal condition of the coagulation process in terms of pH of the coagulation process, coagulant dosage, percentage color removal, and floc settling time. Coagulant dosages of 1,000-5,000 ppm were studied. The treatment of textile industry wastewater was done in the treatment plant of a printing mill. The results showed that coagulation by MgCl2 and alum occurs at the removal pH ranges of 10.5-11.0 for MgCl2 and 4.0-6.0 for alum. The mixtures of MgCl2 and alum gave two distinct effective color-removal zones at pH 4-5.5 and pH 8-9.5. The addition of alum to MgCl2 shifted the optimal pH of MgCl2 from 10.5-11. 0 to 8. 0-9.5. The alum dose of 1,000-3,000 ppm in the coagulant mixture increased by 10-25 % the color removal in the alkaline zone. Floc settling time was found to (a) increase with coagulant dose and (b) take longer in the acidic color-removal zone than in the alkaline zone. The presence of alum increased the floc settling time in the alkaline zone. The study done at the treatment plant of a printing mill showed similar results. A mixture of 60% MgClz and 40% alum at an average dosage of 2,800 ppm gave a color removal of 97% and reductions of 88% for COD and 69% for suspended solids. Keywords: Chemical coagulation, color reduction, mixed coagulants, and textile waste.
Integrating Performance Indicator Into the Audit Process Safety Management System
Authors: Che Hassan C. R. , Pitt M. J. , Wilday A. J.
Published: October 2019

The development of the audit method has included the identification of possible performance indicators at each level of the sociotechnical pyramid for a range of areas of work in which accidents have been shown to occur most frequently. The measurementof performance indicators is part of a feedback loop which causes safety improvements. Integration of performance indicators into the audit system has been tested at three operating chemical industries in Terengganu and Selangor in Malaysia. A summary of the weaknesses of the similar elements identified in the three audited plants is presented. Analysis on the approach used enables the identification of deficiencies in safety management aspects. Keywords: Accidents, audit, deficiencies, performance indicators, safety management, and sociotechnical pyramid.