bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the clinical course of biological subtypes of squamous cell oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Golubev P.V. , Bolotina L.V. , Gevorkov A.R. , Kuzmina E.S. , Golubeva A.V.
Published: February 2025

Treatment of patients with squamous cell oropharyngeal carcinoma is an urgent problem of modern oncology. At the end of the last century, the key role of HPV infection in the development of oropharyngeal cancer was proved, and significant differences in survival rates were demonstrated depending on the status of HPV in the tumor. Undoubtedly, papers presenting a comparative analysis of the clinical course of two biological substypes of the same disease are in demand. A rethinking of the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer patients is now required due to the continued use of a single treatment approach, despite biological differences reflected in the creation of a separate TNM classification for HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer. Perhaps a better understanding of the features of clinical treatment and the results of treatment of patients with p16-positive and p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer will allow individualizing treatment tactics in the coming years. This review presents the modern views of domestic and foreign experts on the identified problem and ways of its solution.
Features of the temporomandibular joint morphology and function in the adults with different growth patterns
Authors: Afanasyeva Y.I. , Oborotistov N.Yu. , Ermolev S.N. , Tekucheva S.V.
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study was to improve methods for diagnosing the morphofunctional state of the TMJ in individuals with normal occlusion with various types of facial skull growth. Materials and methods. The study comprised 35 volunteers aged 18—45 years (average age 25.6±4.8 years) with normal occlusion and intact dentition. Telerentgenography (TRG), cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound examination of the TMJ were performed. Results. Horizontal type of growth of the facial part of the skull was established in 13 people; 12 had neutral type and 10 had vertical type. According to CBCT data, in patients with horizontal growth type, the highest values of the parameters of the width of the articular head, the smallest parameters of the length of the condyle process and the size of the articular gap in the upper-anterior and upper-posterior sections were determined. In patients with the vertical type, an inverse correlation of values was established, which may be due to the anatomical features of the TMJ structure: the articular head is narrower and longer, and the articular gap is wider. According to MRI data, in all patients, regardless of the type of growth of the facial part of the skull, the posterior thickening of the articular disc was located at «11—12 hours» mark in the sagittal plane, and the poles of the articular disc did not extend beyond the poles of the articular head of the same name in the coronal plane. According to ultrasound data, the indicators of the size of the articular gaps were fully consistent with the conclusions obtained from CT and MRI. The smallest length of the articular pathway was found in patients with vertical growth type, the largest in patients with horizontal growth type. Conclusion. Statistically significant differences in morphometric (the size of the articular gap) and functional (the length of the trajectory of the articular heads) parameters of the TMJ were established for various types of growth of the facial part of the skull, which confirms the need to study the state of the TMJ, considering the identified differences.
Improving the symptomatic diagnosis of mesial occlusion — a stage of differential diagnostics of dentofacial anomalies
Authors: Malygin Yu.M. , Bednyakov A.A. , Abakarov S.I. , Basov A.V. , Malygin A.M. , Abakarova A.S.
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study was to improve the quality of symptomatic diagnostics of mesial occlusion. Materials and methods. The object of our epidemiological study was 2842 schoolchildren aged 6 to 18 years, and 458 conclusions of Professor Yu. M. Malygin to patients who sought consultative assistance. The analysis of the archive of diagnostic models of jaws of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry of the Central Institute of Orthopedic Medicine and the Department of Orthodontics of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education in the volume of 20.000 pairs and a sample of 2490 models of jaws of patients with mesial occlusion were conducted, and then an in-depth biometric study of 205 pairs of models of jaws of patients with permanent mesial occlusion was carried out. Results. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of mesial occlusion showed the percentage of occurrence among bite anomalies 5.6+2.03; it occurs more often in boys than in girls and more often in mixed dentition than in permanent dentition. The efficiency of determining individual types of mesial bite varied from 100% to 14%, and on average the visual diagnosis was established correctly in 44.7%. A comparative analysis of 205 pairs of jaw models with mesial bite relative to the norm showed that differences in 39 parameters out of 43 were not statistically guaranteed, so the inclinations of the anterior teeth were also studied, and then 9 typical types of mesial bite were determined using the “diagnostic key” of Yu. M. Malygin and the algorithm we developed. Conclusion. An algorithm for symptomatic diagnostics has been developed, which made it possible to identify and systematize typical types of mesial bite.
On the forensic significance of corpse’s «posture» in death from general hypothermia
Authors: Chudakov A.Yu. , Tolmachev I.A. , Gaivoronskaya V.V.
Published: February 2025

Examination of the corpses of people who died from general hypothermia in conditions of non-obviousness often causes difficulties in forensic evaluation. The article presents the reports of forensic medical experts and personal observations in relation to corpses of individuals who died from hypothermia on land (150 observations), and the personal photo archives of A.Yu. Chudakov. The signs of fatal general cold injury, obtained in conditions of human presence, on land (sometimes with combined cooling, pre-soaking in water), have been supplemented and specified by descriptions of various body positions (postures). The nature of postmortem postures of corpses of people has been evaluated. The data recorded in the reports of the corpses’ examination at the site of detection (on the scene) were relevant for analysis.
Forensic medical characteristics of bullet injuries caused by shots from smoothbore 12-gauge firearms
Authors: Leonov S.V. , Khodulapov A.V. , Pinchuk P.V. , Leonova E.N.
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of experimental study of the features of injuries of clothing imitators (coarse calico) and parts of the human body as a result of shots from smoothbore 12-gauge firearms (12×70) with cartridges, equipped with metal alloy and plastic bullets. The distinctive features of morphology of experimental gunshot injuries caused by bullets of different construction have been given.
Methodology for performing intralaboratory quality control in establishing species of the blood by IgGtotal with the use of quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Gusarov A.A. , Sidorov V.L. , Yagmurov O.D. , Nagornov M.N.
Published: February 2025

The objective of the study is to develop the methodology for conducting intralaboratory quality control of total IgG investigations in establishing species of the blood by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the Russian «IgG-total-ELISA-BEST» kit. A sequential 3-step algorithm presented by the article’s authors can be used by experts of forensic biological units in carrying out quantitative ELISA to reveal possible errors that could invalidate the obtained results.
Criminal-legal assessment of causality in violations of medical care committed at different stages
Authors: Soktoev Z.B. , Spiridonov V.A.
Published: February 2025

The authors used a practical example to consider proper criminal-legal assessment of causality in multiple violations committed by different doctors at different stages of providing medical care. The consideration utilized the dialectical methods of cognition, analysis, generalization, systems approach, methods of induction, deduction, comparison, statistics, and special legal methods.
Nina Antonovna Mityaeva (to the 110th birth anniversary)
Authors:   Redaktsiia
Published: February 2025

January 17, 2025 is the 110th anniversary of the birth of Nina Antonovna Mityaeva, candidate of medical sciences, who made a significant contribution to the development of forensic histology.
Development on an Occupational Performance Questionnaire for Pre-School children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Wallace Kerry , Franzsen Denise , Potterton Joanne
Published: February 2025

Aim: To describe the development and validation of a low cost parent report measure, the Occupational Performance Questionnaire (OPQ) used to assess the occupational performance areas of personal management, play, and social skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as well as the impact, of the child's inability to perform skills in these occupational performance areas, on their families.  
Methodology: Preliminary psychometric evaluation was performed on the OPQ. Reliability, content and construct validity as well as convergent validity were determined. The OPQ was field tested with 19 preschoolers with ASD receiving weekly occupational therapy over a one year period.
Results: Psychometric analysis confirmed content and construct validity and test-retest reliability, internal consistency in areas of OPQ:Occupational Performance Areas- personal management (sleeping, feeding, toilet training), play, communication, social interaction and OPQ:Family Impact. The subscales were all sensitive to changes in performance. While the Play and Interaction subscale had moderate convergence with the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) the association with the Personal Management and Communication subscale was weak. The OPQ:Family Impact had moderate convergent validity with the Parent Stress Index (PSI-SF).
Conclusions:  The OPQ is a low-cost, valid and reliable outcome measure for evaluating the efficacy of change in occupational performance skills in preschool children with ASD in South Africa.
Navigating the occupational transition of dropping out of school: Anchoring occupations and champions as facilitators
Authors: Peters Liesl , Galvaan Roshan , Kathard Harsha
Published: February 2025

This paper presents findings from a biographical inquiry into the occupational engagement of men in a low socio-economic South African community who dropped out of school. The aim of the study was to describe the nature of these men's occupational engagement and to gain insight into their occupational trajectories as they negotiated the occupational transition of dropping out of school. Three men were purposively selected and narrative data was generated. A narrative analysis, followed with an analysis of narratives was completed. The findings showed that two participants established stable occupational trajectories after dropping out. The interpretations made suggested that a successful occupational transition for these participants was related to the establishment of 'anchoring occupations' as a result of chance encounters with individuals who acted as 'champions'. These champions ensured the successful negotiation of available opportunities. It is recommended that occupational therapists consider how they might promote access to champions of opportunities that lead to the development of anchoring occupations for vulnerable clients in the context of life transitions during early and middle adulthood.
Distanciamiento de siembra en Zea mays L. durante la época seca y lluviosa en la costa central del Ecuador
Authors: Mestanza Uquillas Camilo Alexander , Cedeño Cárcamo Pánfilo José , Véliz Zamora Diana Verónica , Vásquez Matute Santiago Cristóbal , Pinargote Alava John Jairo
Published: February 2025

The research was carried out in Mocache, province of Los Ríos, where three experimental corn trials were established, one on the property of Mr. Fortunato Cedeño Diaz, located in the John F. Kennedy sector, and two located on the “La María” Campus of the Quevedo State Technical University (UTEQ), with the purpose of evaluating the effect of different planting distances of a commercial hybrid (hybrid ADV-9139) and a creole variety (Creole variety S/N) of corn during the dry and rainy seasons, in order to define optimal planting distances to achieve better yields. A completely randomized design (CRD) with a unifactorial arrangement was applied, with six treatments composed of a combination of two variables: varieties and planting distances. The first consisted of two genotypes: hybrid ADV-9139 and a creole variety S/N, and the second consisted of distances of 0.6 times 0.2 m; 0.7 × 0.2 m and 0.8 × 0.2 m. Each of these treatments had four replications. The results showed little influence of distances on plant height, stem diameter and ear insertion height. Regarding productive parameters such as yield, T4 (Hybrid ADV 9139 + 0.6 X 0.2) and T5 (Hybrid ADV 9139 + 0.7 X 0.2) stood out in trials 1 and 3, while only T4 stood out in trial 2.
PlanktoScope protocol for plankton imaging v2
Authors: PERRUCHON Adélaïde , Zaccomer Hugo , Fabien Lombard
Published: February 2025

This protocol is for using PlanktoScope and collecting usable results for quantitative imaging of plankton. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme “Atlantic Ecosystems Assessment, Forecasting and Sustainability” (AtlantECO GA#862923) This research was co-funded by the European Union (GA#101059915 - BIOcean5D). See also https://www.planktoscope.org/
Western Blot v2
Authors: Steele Chelsie , Fan Yujie
Published: February 2025

Western Blot using the iBind Automated Western Systems
An Invariant Explanatory Model of Procrastination Self-Regulation Based on Self-Efficacy and Positive Affect: Examining Gender and Educational Status
Authors: Yupanqui-Lorenzo D.E. , Olivera Carhuaz E.S. , Pulido-Capurro V.
Published: February 2025

In the educational field, psychology has empirically demonstrated the empowering effect of self-regulation. However, few studies have considered self-regulation as a component of procrastination. Examining self-regulation through this new perspective can increase understanding of the phenomenon. Thus, this study aimed to establish an invariant explanatory model of self-regulation of procrastination using self-efficacy and affect. 1224 Peruvian students (61,5% female) participated. The model obtained adequate fit indices, demonstrating the influence of self-efficacy and its effect on procrastination self-regulation behavior. The results showed that self-efficacy strongly predicts procrastination self-regulation. The direct, indirect, and total effects were all statistically significant, with a large effect size. Additionally, the model was invariant between genders and educational status. In conclusion, students with high self-efficacy may exhibit more significant control over procrastinative behaviors through positive emotional stability. This finding can be interpreted similarly for the gender and educational status groups.
Políticas públicas de saúde voltadas à adolescência: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Maldonado Ana Beatriz , França Garcia Lucas
Published: February 2025

A adolescência é uma fase marcada por especificidades, mudanças e vulnerabilidades. Considerando suas fragilidades e pensando no desenvolvimento sadio e atendimento integral dessa parcela da população, faz-se necessária a criação de políticas públicas de saúde específicas. Este estudo constitui-se de uma reflexão, levantamento de dados e análise crítica sobre o histórico, eixos temáticos e subtemas das políticas públicas de saúde voltadas à adolescência no Brasil. O artigo trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura a partir de estudos de maior impacto e relevância publicados sobre o tema, entre os anos de 2008 a 2022, presentes na plataforma Google Acadêmico. A partir da investigação, constatou-se que as políticas públicas de saúde voltadas aos adolescentes tardaram a serem criadas no país e um grande marco para o surgimento delas foi a criação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), em 1990. Através dessa revisão, é possível observar que além de existirem poucos estudos sobre o tema publicados, as principais políticas explicadas nos artigos tinham falhas e focavam prioritariamente em saúde mental e violência sexual, deixando de lado o cuidado integral e o auxílio às demais necessidades dos adolescentes relacionadas à saúde. Os resultados encontrados explicitam a necessidade de maior investimento e cuidado com a saúde dos adolescentes, preenchendo as lacunas das políticas existentes e criando novas políticas públicas de saúde específicas, além de maior número de publicações sobre o tema.
Cultura Organizacional e Motivação para estimular o Treinamento nas Organizações
Authors: Garcia de Farias Alexandre , Bazanini Roberto
Published: February 2025

A cultura organizacional é uma temática reconhecidamente relevante no contexto organizacional. Assim como a cultura organizacional, a motivação como temática de estudo, vem recebendo destaque nos estudos organizacionais. O objetivo central deste ensaio é apresentar e defender a importância da cultura organizacional e da motivação para o treinamento das pessoas no contexto organizacional. Neste estudo utilizou-se um ensaio teórico para análise da temática abordada. Concluiu-se neste estudo que a cultura organizacional é indispensável para o treinamento nas organizações, pois, uma cultura de treinamento pode proporcionar o incentivo a qualificação dos colaboradores. Constatou-se ainda que a motivação é relevante para o treinamento, pois, é necessário que os integrantes da organização estejam motivados para realizarem ações de treinamento que irão refletir nos resultados da organização. Portanto, este estudo acrescenta contribuições à literatura dos estudos organizacionais, tendo em vista que unificar a influência que cultura organizacional tem no ambiente de trabalho e a motivação para realizar treinamento, são os elementos fundamentais para as empresas atingirem seu propósito, e acima de tudo ter as pessoas como aliadas da organização.
Gênero, segurança alimentar e nutricional e cidadania: uma análise da intersecção entre mulheres, alimentos e pandemia
Authors: Camargo Sansão Eduarda
Published: February 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a questão da segurança alimentar na perspectiva da cidadania das mulheres, identificando as particularidades dessa intersecção durante a pandemia Covid-19. A pesquisa justifica-se pela necessidade de explorar as demandas femininas relacionadas ao direito à alimentação, contribuindo para a efetivação de sua cidadania social, política e econômica, diante dos impactos jurídicos, políticos e sociais. Utilizou-se o método hipotético-dedutivo em uma pesquisa descritiva, com recorte temporal entre 2020 e o primeiro semestre de 2022. A metodologia abrangeu revisão bibliográfica e análise documental, com base em produções teóricas e documentos de organizações internacionais, como a Organização das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e Agricultura e a Rede Brasileira de Pesquisa em Soberania e Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.  A análise demonstrou que as demarcações de gênero influenciam a insegurança alimentar, comprometendo a dignidade humana das mulheres e destacando a necessidade de ações para garantir seu direito à alimentação adequada.
Do reconhecimento dos direitos de personalidade das pessoas pardas: a busca por critérios objetivos para heteroidentificação
Authors: Nunes Danilo Henrique , Massaro Mabtum Matheus , Coelho Nuno Manuel Morgadinho dos Santos
Published: February 2025

A literatura científica vem apontando para um ‘não-lugar’ ocupado pelas pessoas pardas (definidas basicamente como aquelas originadas dos processos de miscigenação, não se enquadrando como brancas, pretas, asiáticas ou indígenas) no contexto das ações afirmativas, implicando em problemáticas para o reconhecimento dos direitos de personalidade desses sujeitos. O objetivo do presente estudo consiste em problematizar esse reconhecimento no contexto da falta de critérios objetivos nos processos e procedimentos de heteroidentificação. Foi conduzida uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico e documental, versando tanto sobre a análise de outros autores sobre o fenômeno, quanto de resoluções e outros instrumentos que analisam a matéria. Os resultados alcançados indicam que o critério de autoidentificação, conforme adotado pelo IBGE, continua sendo a regra para o funcionamento do sistema, o que gera dificuldades no reconhecimento dos direitos de personalidade das pessoas pardas, pontuando a indispensabilidade de estabelecer critérios objetivos nos processos e procedimentos de heteroidentificação. A análise realizada vai de encontro com a doutrina majoritária sobre o tema, indicando empecilhos para que as pessoas pardas possam gozar das ações afirmativas (e, nesse sentido, usufruir de seus Direitos de Personalidade), corrigindo falhas históricas que as colocam dentro de um grupo vulnerável, nem sempre beneficiado pelas políticas públicas nacionais.
O ônus da prova na arbitragem
Authors: Gebran Luiza de Macedo , Ribeiro Marcia Carla Pereira
Published: February 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo estabelecer qual regra deve ser aplicada no âmbito arbitral em relação ao ônus da prova, dada a importância da produção de provas nesse método alternativo de resolução de disputas. O objetivo principal é compreender as regras e definir a mais adequada para a aplicação. Foi utilizado o método dedutivo, baseado na revisão bibliográfica de textos principiológicos e manuais de arbitragem, além da análise qualitativa de decisões de anulação de sentenças arbitrais devido à distribuição do ônus probatório. Como resultado, foram estabelecidos indicadores para a decisão sobre as regras do ônus da prova. Primeiramente, o ônus da prova deriva do Princípio do Devido Processo Legal. Em segundo lugar, analisam-se os efeitos o ônus da prova no procedimento arbitral. Em terceiro, avalia-se a aplicabilidade da regra Actori Incumbit Probatio. Em quarto, destaca-se a necessidade de um estudo comparativo entre as tradições do common law e do civil law. Por fim, conclui-se que a aplicação da regra Actori Incumbit Probatio é a mais adequada para o procedimento arbitral, reduzindo os riscos de anulação da sentença arbitral.
Perfil hematológico a partir do hemograma em comunidade carente
Authors: Silva Isabela Machado da , Lima Giselle Zahailo , Cosmoski Lais Daiene , Wanda Bru Wolf Karina , Berton Juliana
Published: February 2025

Através do hemograma, é possível avaliar algumas situações presentes no organismo humano. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a coleta de amostrar de sangue para a realização de hemograma de pessoas na Casa de Paternidade da Igreja Comuni- dade Cristã Hebrom, onde o foco é o atendimento de uma comunidade mais carente. To- dos os participantes foram esclarecidos sobre a pesquisa e antes de qualquer coleta assi- naram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, além disso, o presente estudo foi submetido aos comitês de ética que foram necessários antes de ser iniciada. Os resulta- dos dos hemogramas foram devolvidos e esclarecidos as pessoas que fizerem parte da pesquisa. A coleta de dados se deu através da coleta de amostras de sangue e um ques- tionário foi aplicado. O hemograma e a leitura do exame foram realizados em um laborató- rio parceiro de Ponta Grossa. Por se tratar de uma comunidade carente, era esperado encontrar perfis de anemia, desnutrição, imunidade baixa, entre outros; e tomando o co- nhecimento dos resultados de seus exames, as pessoas puderam buscar auxílio para qualquer disfunção encontrada.
Anterolateral thigh free flap: a superior solution for reconstruction of complex soft tissue defects in the distal leg and foot
Authors: Parvin Romana , Shahin M. , Rubby Mohd Fazle , Islam M. Toriqul , Azad Mohammad Abul Kalam , Farhad M. Shahidul Islam
Published: February 2025

Background: Large soft tissue defects in the lower leg and foot pose significant challenges due to exposed critical structures. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the anterolateral thigh free flap for reconstructing these complex defects. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the anterolateral thigh free flap in reconstructing complex soft tissue defects in the distal leg and foot.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of plastic surgery at Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, from July 2022 to December 2023, involving 30 patients with complex soft tissue defects in the distal leg and foot. Participants provided informed consent, and data collected included demographics, smoking status, comorbidities, and surgical details. The ALT flap procedure included debridement, flap design, elevation, and microsurgical techniques. Postoperative care involved monitoring, splint use, and antithrombotic prophylaxis. Outcomes were analyzed using SPSS 23.
Results: Most patients undergoing ALT free flap reconstruction were male (83.33%), with a mean age of 34.83 years. Trauma was the main cause (83.34%), affecting the lower leg (36.67%). Musculocutaneous perforators (66.67%) and the posterior tibial artery (66.66%) were common. Donor site closure used split-thickness skin grafts (60.00%). Complications included wound dehiscence, partial flap necrosis, and venous congestion (6.67% each), 73.34% had excellent outcomes.
Conclusions: The anterolateral thigh free flap is highly effective for reconstructing complex soft tissue defects in the distal leg and foot, resulting in excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes for the majority of patients.
Outcome of postoperative discitis patient by re-exploration and continuous irrigation by gentamycin mixed normal saline through tri-channel Foley's catheter in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Morshed M. Mahamudul H. , Dey Avijit , Sarkar Saumitra , Miah Mohammad A. S. , Khan M. Shamsul I. , Mondol Pankoj K. , Parvin Shahanaz , Hoque Saiful
Published: February 2025

Background: Discitis, an inflammation of vertebral plates due to infection, can occur post-lumbar discectomy, affecting 0.2–4% of cases. This study assessed outcomes of re-exploration and continuous irrigation with gentamycin-normal saline via a tri-channel Foley catheter for postoperative discitis (POD).
Methods: A retrospective observational study at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, analyzed 30 patients with POD post-lumbar disc surgery (March 2020–February 2022).
Results: The mean age was 43.0±12.90 years, with L4/5 being the most affected level (60%). Persistent pain and fever were common (80%), with Staphylococcus aureus identified in 73.33% via blood cultures. Treatment showed significant improvements: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) reduced from 58.32±18.02 mm to 28.00±4.18 mm, CRP from 68.82±19.82 mg/l to 13.42±3.40 mg/l (both p<0.001), VAS scores from 7.52±1.73 to 1.32±1.59 (p<0.01), and JOA scores across sensory, motor, and activity parameters (p<0.01). Satisfactory outcomes were achieved in 80% of patients, with excellent results in 46.67% and good results in 33.33%.
Conclusions: Continuous irrigation with gentamycin-normal saline was effective in reducing inflammation, improving functionality, and achieving favorable outcomes in the majority of patients.
Study of distal arrangement of common bile duct and pancreatic duct according to distal classification in choledochal cyst
Authors: Uddagiri Sasikanth , Thumma Venumadhav , Nekarakanti Phani Kumar , Gunturi Suryaramachandra V. , Muddamsetty Madhulika , Nagari Bheerappa
Published: February 2025

Background: Most widely accepted classification for choledochal cyst was Todani classification. In which, Distal extent of choledochal cyst and its resection was not clearly defined. So, this distal classification may be supplementary in guiding distal extent of cyst and its resection in various types of choledochal cysts.
Methods: This was a prospective observational study done in surgical gastroenterology at Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad. All patients radiologically diagnosed as choledochal cysts were included. Patients with malignant distal bile duct stricture, refused to participate were excluded. Distal arrangement of all patients were interpreted in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and classified distally.
Results: In the present study of 44 patients, median age was 39 years with female preponderance. Median cyst diameter was 20.5 mm. Most common types were Todani I and distal I followed by other subtypes.
Conclusions: Distal type I was the most common arrangement. So, extensive intrapancreatic dissection may be avoided to prevent dreadful complications like pancreatic fistula. Studies with larger sample and correlation with postoperative pancreatic complications should be done further.
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the right colon: a rare presentation
Authors: Sousa Inês A. , Rama Nuno J. , Sales Inês F. , Ferreira Marisa C. , Cunha Maria F.
Published: February 2025

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT) lymphoma affects frequently the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly the stomach. The colon is rarely affected. Both clinical presentation and endoscopic findings are variable and the histopathological with immunohistochemical analysis are needed for diagnosis. There are several treatment modalities available, with low remission rates and favorable outcomes. We present the case of an 80-year-old man who, after a positive screening faecal occult blood test, underwent a total colonoscopy which revealed an ulcerated lesion in the hepatic flexure of the colon compatible with lymphoma. After a staging CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis without relevant findings except for a narrowing of the lumen of the hepatic flexure of the colon (where the tumor was located), the case was discussed by a multidisciplinary team, and it was decided to operate the patient. He underwent a laparoscopic right colectomy which was uneventful. Histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen, combined with immunohistochemistry, showed colonic MALT lymphoma. The patient subsequently completed staging with bone marrow aspiration (negative for lymphoma involvement) and respiratory testing for Helicobacter pylori, which was also negative. The patient has been followed for four years without recurrence and is completely asymptomatic. Colonic MALT lymphoma is rare and lacks characteristic presentation and diagnostic features. Surgical resection is a good therapeutic option.
Electrocution induced cardiac dysrhythmia: an Izinyoka case
Authors: Maritz Shaan Marthinus , Motsepe Tshepang Arthur , Gamizelo Stephane
Published: February 2025

Electrical injuries, although rare, can result in significant morbidity and mortality particularly from cardiac complications. We present a 35-years-old male who developed paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after an electrical shock, had minor burns and no prior cardiac issues. The dysrhythmia resolved during hospitalization and the patient was treated with anticoagulation and wound care before discharge.
In South Africa, electrical injuries are commonly seen in patients who attempt illegal connections (Izinyoka) often for socio-economic reasons. While atrial fibrillation is uncommon after electrocution, ECG remains essential for diagnosing dysrhythmias. There is a lack of consensus on the management of electrocution-induced dysrhythmias and further research is needed to develop tailored guidelines for regions with high socio-economic challenges.
Breaking barriers in Boerhaave syndrome: a case of successful non-surgical treatment
Authors: M. Shivadev , Gupta Brajesh B. , Chandak Unmed , Bansod Prasad , Gupta Shweta , Mehta Neel , Tolani Shikha , Behera Subodh , Akulwar Sanskruti , Nighot Gaurav , Ganorkar Ashlesha , Sawadetkar Nishant
Published: February 2025

Boerhaave syndrome is a rare and life-threatening condition characterized by spontaneous esophageal rupture, commonly resulting from severe vomiting. It carries a high mortality rate if untreated, particularly in delayed presentations. This report details a 44-year-old male with symptoms of breathlessness, chest pain, and vomiting after binge drinking. Initial management included nasogastric and intercostal drainage, antibiotics, and total parenteral nutrition. Diagnostic imaging revealed a left-sided esophageal tear with a fistula to the pleural cavity. Conservative treatment combined endoluminal vacuum therapy with other supportive measures, successfully reducing the esophageal defect and associated complications. The patient recovered without requiring additional surgical intervention, highlighting the potential of conservative approaches in carefully selected cases of Boerhaave syndrome. This case underscores the importance of timely diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and advanced endoscopic therapies in achieving positive outcomes for a condition traditionally managed surgically.
Acute small intestine obstruction caused by migrating gastrostomy foley’s catheter
Authors: Nigam Vinod Kumar , Nigam Siddharth
Published: February 2025

Acute small intestine obstruction is a common problem and usually caused by adhesions, bands, hernias, volvulus, tumors and foreign bodies. Foreign bodies causing acute intestine obstruction is a rare occurrence. Common foreign bodies are ingested coins, marbles, small toys, bones of nonvegetarian foods, hairs and vegetable fibers. Foley’s catheter of gastrostomy, migrating in small intestine and causing acute small intestinal obstruction is one of the rarest causes. Here we presenting a case where the gastrostomy Foley’s catheter migrated to small intestine and caused acute intestinal obstruction.
An unusual case of an elderly patient with multifocal pyomyositis
Authors: Vashishtha Vishesh , Kulkarni S. V. , Srivastava V. L. , Saxena Sagar
Published: February 2025

Pyomyositis is an uncommon infection of the skeletal muscle that typically results in the formation of an abscess. We report an unusual case of a 74-year-old lady who presented with impaired mobility for 04 months, bilateral diffuse lower limb swelling without other signs of inflammation and normal leucocyte count, which emerged as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pyomyositis involving different compartments of both lower extremities and responded promptly with timely surgical intervention. The role of high index of suspicion, sequential multimodal imaging in assessing infectious musculoskeletal pathologies and prompt timely operative intervention for source control remains pivotal.
A case report of primary small bowel neuroendocrine tumor with large metastatic lymph node at root of mesentery with tumor fibrosis
Authors: Kumar I. Saravana , M. Gopikrishna
Published: February 2025

Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare but are increasing in incidence advances in imaging techniques. NETs are a heterogeneous group of tumors with diverse clinical and imaging presentations. Although these tumors are typically smaller in size, they can cause significant fibrotic reactions in the bowel wall, lymph nodes, and mesentery. Due to the relatively rare occurrence of these tumors, limited awareness among physicians and nonspecific clinical symptoms, patients with small bowel NETs often experience considerable delays in diagnosis and inappropriate management. We present a case of a 58-year-old female who came with recurrent abdominal pain, distension, vomiting, significant weight loss and poor appetite. Although imaging findings were suggestive of a mesenchymal tumor, intraoperatively we could find a stricturising lesion in the ileum with a mesenteric mass. She underwent resection and anastomosis of the small bowel lesion along with mesenteric nodal excision. Interestingly, the postoperative biopsy revealed a well-differentiated Grade 2 intermediate-grade ileal NET with mesenteric nodal involvement. On immunohistochemistry (IHC), tumour cells show low Ki-67 index with positive for chromogranin and synaptophysin.
Gastro-splenic Fistula Due to Isolated Splenic Tuberculosis: An Unusual Case Report
Authors: Baskar Ashok K. , Ambedkar M. J. Chandrabose , Lakshmanan Anand , Satyanesan Jeswanth
Published: February 2025

Gastrosplenic fistula is an uncommon condition, usually associated with splenic malignancies especially lymphomas. Few cases of gastrosplenic fistula are reported secondary to post traumatic splenic abscess, gastric ulcer, miliary tuberculosis. Isolated splenic tuberculosis is very rare. Gastrosplenic fistula due to isolated splenic tuberculosis is an extremely rare presentation. Here, we report a case of a 53-year-old man who presented with upper abdominal pain and fever. Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen showed multiple splenic abscess with splenic vein thrombosis. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) scopy showed fundal varies and submucosal nodular lesion at fundus. Endoscopic ultrasound showed splenic abscess probably infiltrating the fundus of stomach. He underwent open splenectomy with fistulous tract resection and pancreatic tail resection. Intraoperatively, the fistulous tract was identified at posterior aspect of fundus. The fistulous tract was excised and stomach edges were closed primarily. He recovered well without any complications. Histopathological examination showed splenic tuberculosis, and he was started on anti-tuberculosis treatment.
Behind the Numbers: A comparative analysis of international datasets on water and sanitation in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Libra Jesse Madden
Published: February 2025

The development of robust public water and sanitation policies requires dependable, transparent, and representative data; however, the available datasets for the region are complex with indicators that are often misinterpreted by policy professionals. It is essential that users understand the strengths and limitations of these datasets to facilitate source choice and ensure that their use results in accurate insights.

This document discusses and contrasts water and sanitation access data produced by three sources: the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Dataset (JMP), the OLAS/SCL Household Survey Dataset compiled by the Water and Sanitation Observatory for Latin America and the Caribbean and the Social Division of the Inter-American Development Bank (HHS-OLAS), and data collected by the AmericasBarometer Survey from the Latin American Public Opinion Project (AB-LAPOP). The document outlines the goals, strengths, and limitations of each dataset and provides a comparative analysis of key indicators, with the aim of giving data users a better understanding of how to use these datasets in tandem to produce a more comprehensive picture of water and sanitation access in LAC.
An Experimental Investigation of CI Engine using Environmentally Friendly Waste Plastic Fuels and its Blends with Diesel and Nano Additive
Authors: Shelat Samarth Jayeshbhai , Patel Sanjay Maganlal
Published: February 2025

The continuing rise in transportation, especially attributed to the emergence of vehicles, has been driven by significant technological innovations in Internal Combustion (IC) engines. Environmental concerns, particularly the substantial waste created by plastics, are a significant issue in India. A substantial discrepancy exists between plastic manufacturing and the development of plastic garbage. Consequently, the necessity for alternative fuels sourced from municipal plastic waste has arisen to improve the efficiency of internal combustion engines, reduce emissions, and address further environmental issues by the "Swachh Bharat Mission of India." The experiments were carried out at a constant speed of 1500 rpm at different load conditions fuelled with diesel, waste plastic fuel and its blends with Silicon dioxide (SiO2 ) nano additive to investigate IC engine performance and emissions parameters. The overall result shows that compared with diesel, waste plastic fuel blend with nano additive SiO2 (SiO280DWPO20-220) showed superior performance in terms of brake thermal efficiency and reduced the fuel consumption at 40-80 % load at 220 MPa pressure.
Major Findings: From the findings the Plastic 220 emerges as a promising alternative with superior combustion efficiency and power generation capabilities, while SiO280DWPO20-220 demonstrates a reduction in friction losses. SiO2WPO100-200 and SiO2WPO100-220 exhibit higher emissions of HC, CO, and NOx. Overall analysis from the study demonstrates the potential of SiO2 nanoparticles as additives in enhancing the performance and reducing emissions of diesel engines using waste plastic blends with nano additive, contributing to the development of sustainable transportation and suggesting its potential as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel.
Empower Employee Development: The Role of Self-Study Materials in Work-Based Learning
Authors: Ostin Vasilii
Published: February 2025

This research aims to provide valuable insights into the initial learning step — self-study materials formation. Nowadays, in a competitive environment, companies seek to identify the outstanding processes for the employee development. Therefore, this research identifies various factors and formats critical in the early phases of employee learning path. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, the study addresses two primary areas. The first is exploring technologies utilization within self-study materials and their helpfulness at the same time. The following area is focused on the motivational and engagement factors that positively influence learners' attitudes toward the development process. The research findings confirm that preparation of self-study materials is crucial for the subsequent learning path formation. The research is emphasizing the importance of clear learning objectives, interactive content, and a balanced use of diverse formats. Organizations can enhance their training programs by addressing of these key factors. Hence, current learning and development managers can practically utilize outputs from this research to lead more effective work-based learning processes within their organization.
Large language models and speech genre systematicity
Authors:   Russian Artificial Intelligence Research Institute in Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” RAS, Devyatkin Dmitry A. , Salimovsky Vladimir A. ,   Perm State National Research University, Chudova Natalia V. ,   Russian Artificial Intelligence Research Institute in Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” RAS, Ryzhova Anastasia A. ,   Russian Artificial Intelligence Research Institute in Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” RAS, Grigoriev Oleg G. ,   Russian Artificial Intelligence Research Institute in Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” RAS
Published: February 2025

The paper examines a large language model (LLM) to recognize speech genres. Although artificial
neural networks are effectively utilized in many important fields, they, however, have a serious drawback.
The mechanism of their functioning is hidden from researchers; therefore, the results of their use do not get
explanation. The purpose of the study is to reveal the basic mechanisms of functioning of the linguistic model
LLM (Transformer) and thereby ensure the interpretability of the data it provides. The research is based on
two genres of academic text: “Description of a new scientific phenomenon” and “Explication of a scientific
concept.” We verified a hypothesis according to which the LLM feature set is based on the speech systematicity
of the recognized genres. It is also shown that since genre-speech systematicity is determined by extralinguistic
factors, primarily the characteristics of human consciousness, its manifestations, reflected in the hidden state of
the LLM, can be used to model cognitive processes embodied in speech. We also analyze existing approaches
to the interpretation of LLMs and describe the applied method to do it. The paper provides the following
linguistic interpretation of LLM training and fine-tuning: preliminary training on large text corpora allows a
model to display language resources (a system of linguistic units and general principles of their use) relatively
completely, while fine-tuning on samples of a certain genre-speech organization restructures the linguistic
systematicity into speech systematicity. During the experiments we decoded the hidden state of the LLM and
accurately reproduced the composition and frequency of lexis from the training dataset. The classification score
for each of the considered genres by the LLM is F1 0.99, we believe this is because of their speech consistency.
Caracterización de adultos valorados por psiquiatría de enlace en el servicio de urgencias de un hospital general en Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Pérez Correa Sebastián , Ángel-Cabal María Antonia , Rodríguez Betancur Angela Patricia , Ramirez Escobar Luisa Maria , Villegas Arbeláez Esteban , Hoyos Zuluaga Catalina , Lotero Pelaez Juliana
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: caracterizar la población adulta valorada por urgencias psiquiátricas, para determinar las tendencias en dichas consultas y poder diseñar planes de atención a futuro, puesto que en Colombia no se cuenta con literatura suficiente sobre el tema y el aumento en consultas de urgencias por causas psiquiátricas representa una problemática a nivel mundial.
Métodos: estudio retrospectivo en el cual se analizaron las historias clínicas de pacientes en el servicio de urgencias, valorados por psiquiatría de enlace entre julio de 2021 y julio de 2022. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos.
Resultados: se analizaron 628 registros clínicos. La mediana de edad fue de 35 años, 57.8 % era de sexo femenino, 47.61 % eran desempleados. La mayoría de los pacientes tenían un trastorno psiquiátrico diagnosticado, 88.88 % con manejo farmacológico instaurado. El 38.69 % presentaban, además, un trastorno por uso de sustancias. Los motivos de consulta más comunes fueron los trastornos del afecto e intentos de suicidio.
Conclusiones: la mayoría de la población estudiada presentaban factores relacionados con el desarrollo y control de patologías psiquiátricas, las cuales tienen potencial de intervención de manera ambulatoria. Esto nos recuerda la importancia de realizar intervenciones de prevención primaria y secundaria, para obtener mejores resultados.