bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of in-Amphora “Trebbiano Toscano” Wine Production: Selection of Indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains and Influence on the Phenolic and Sensory Profile
Authors: Guerrini Simona , Barbato Damiano , Mangani Silvia , Ganucci Donatella , Buscioni Giacomo , Galli Viola , Triossi Andrea , Granchi Lisa
Published: June 2023

The use of earthenware amphorae in winemaking can give wines unique attributes enhancing their typicity. Therefore, in this study, spontaneous and inoculated in-amphora fermentations of Trebbiano Toscano grape must were monitored to assess the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains occurring in each fermentation as well as the chemical characteristics of the wines. Strain typing via Interdelta analyses pointed out that the commercial starters did not dominate, showing 24% and 13% implantation percentages, and that 20 indigenous strains were present at different percentages, ranging from 2 to 20%, in inoculated and spontaneous fermentations. The assessment of the technical characteristics of the indigenous strains via fermentations at lab and pilot scale (20 L amphorae) and the sensory analysis of the experimental wines allowed for the selection of two indigenous strains to be used as starter cultures in comparison to a commercial strain in 300-L-amphorae vinifications in the cellar. The observed fermentative performances and sensory analysis of the experimental wines highlighted that one indigenous S. cerevisiae strain dominated the process and conferred distinctive sensory characteristics to the Trebbiano Toscano wine, demonstrating its effectiveness in managing the in-amphora fermentations. In addition, the results demonstrated the ability of amphorae to protect the polyphenolic compounds from oxidation during wine ageing. Indeed, the concentration of both hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols decreased, with an average reduction of 30% and 14%, respectively, while hydroxybenzoic acids remained unchanged.
Editorial for the Special Issue of Foundations “Recent Advances in Fractional Differential Equations and Inclusions”
Authors: Ntouyas Sotiris K.
Published: June 2023

The subject of fractional calculus addresses the research of asserted fractional derivatives and integrations over complex domains and their utilization [...]
Design and Analysis of Fractal-Shaped High-Impedance Surface Unit Cell Characteristics
Authors: Gupta Akash Kumar , Mohanta Harish Chandra , Chowdary P. Satish Rama , Krishna M. Vamshi , Mohamed Heba G.
Published: June 2023

Fractal geometries consistently provide solutions to several electromagnetic design problems. In this paper, fractal geometries such as Hilbert and Moore curves are used to design efficient High-Impedance Surfaces. Modern communication devices have many sensors that are needed to communicate wirelessly. The critical component of wireless communications is antennas. Planar microstrip patch antennas are popular due to their low profile, compactness, and good radiation characteristics. The structural disadvantages of microstrip antennas are that they have surface waves that propagate over the ground plane. High-Impedance Surface (HIS) planes are a prominent solution to minimize and eliminate surface waves. The HIS structures behave as active LC filters that suppress surface waves at their resonance frequency. The resonance frequency of the structure is obtained by its LC equivalent or by analyzing the reflection phase characteristics. This work presents conventional HIS structures similar to mushroom HIS and fractal HIS such as Hilbert curve and Moore curve HIS. The HIS reflection phase characteristics are obtained by applying periodic boundary conditions with plane wave illumination. The results were obtained in terms of the reflection phase angle. The conventional mushroom structures show narrow band characteristics at given dimensions of 10 mm × 10 mm and 20 mm × 20 mm. These structures are helpful in the replacement of PEC ground planes for patch antennas under sub-6 GHz. The Hilbert and Moore fractals are also designed and have a multiband response that can be useful for L, S, and C band applications. Another design challenge of HIS is protrusions, which make design difficult. The work also presents the effect of having vias and the absence of vias on reflection phase characteristics. The response shows the least and no significant effect of vias under the x-band operation.
The Vulnerability of International Floating Populations to Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jiang Jiahan , Zhou Yuyin , Xu Junfang , Wang Zhaochen
Published: June 2023

With the rapid development of the global economy, along with globalisation, the health of international floating populations (especially their sexual health) has become a problem that cannot be ignored. This study explored the potential vulnerability of international floating populations to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) from the points of view of society, religion, culture, migration, community environment, and personal behaviours. In-depth exploratory interviews with 51 members of the international floating population living in China were conducted in June and July 2022. A qualitative thematic analysis methodology was used to analyse the content of these interviews. We found that a conservative culture orientated around religion leads to a lack of sex education, resulting in insufficient personal knowledge as well as a lack of the motivation and awareness required to encourage condom use during sexual contact. Additionally, both geographical isolation and reduced social supervision have expanded personal space, which has led to social isolation and marginalisation, in addition to challenges for coping with STI risk. These factors have increased the possibility of individuals engaging in risky behaviours.
A Retrospective Analysis Comparing VATS Cost Discrepancies and Outcomes in Primary Lung Cancer vs. Second Primary Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Tanase Bogdan Cosmin , Burlacu Alin Ionut , Nistor Claudiu Eduard , Horvat Teodor , Oancea Cristian , Marc Monica , Tudorache Emanuela , Mateescu Tudor , Manolescu Diana
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to compare the outcomes and cost differences between primary lung cancer (PLC) and second primary lung cancer (SPLC) patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). This was a retrospective analysis of 124 patients with lung cancer stages I, II, and III who underwent VATS between January 2018 and January 2023. The patients were divided into two groups based on their cancer status that was matched by age and gender: the PLC group (n = 62) and the SPLC group (n = 62). The results showed that there was no significant difference in the clinical characteristics between the 2 groups, except for the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), with a score above 3 in 62.9% of PLC patients and 80.6% among SPLC patients (p = 0.028). Regarding the surgical outcomes, the operative time for the VATS intervention was significantly higher in the SPLC group, with a median of 300 min, compared with 260 min in the PLC group (p = 0.001), varying by the cancer staging as well. The average duration of hospitalization was significantly longer before and after surgery among patients with SPLC (6.1 days after surgery), compared with 4.2 days after surgery in the PLC group (0.006). Regarding the cost analysis, the total hospitalization cost was significantly higher in the SPLC group (15,400 RON vs. 12,800 RON; p = 0.007). Lastly, there was a significant difference in the survival probability between the two patient groups (log-rank p-value = 0.038). The 2-year survival was 41.9% among PLC patients and only 24.2% among those with SPLC. At the 5-year follow-up, there were only 1.6% survivors in the SPLC group, compared with 11.3% in the PLC group (p-value = 0.028). In conclusion, this study found that VATS is a safe and effective surgical approach for both PLC and SPLC patients. However, SPLC patients have a higher VATS operating time and require more healthcare resources than PLC patients, resulting in higher hospitalization costs. These findings suggest that careful pre-operative evaluation and individualized surgical planning are necessary to optimize the outcomes and cost-effectiveness of VATS for lung cancer patients. Nevertheless, the 5-year survival remains very low and concerning.
The Beginner Laparoscopists Trends in the Learning Process of Laparoscopy for Adnexal Gynecological Pathologies—The Experience of Our Center
Authors: Sima Romina-Marina , Crăițan Anca-Violeta , Pleș Liana , Bobircă Florin , Amza Mihaela , Gorecki Gabriel-Petre , Georgescu Mihai-Teodor , Hamoud Bashar Haj
Published: June 2023

Background: Laparoscopy for benign ovarian pathology is the appropriate surgical approach and it has many well-known advantages. Minimal invasive gynecological surgery increases the quality of life of the patient. The learning process of laparoscopy is difficult and requires many interventions to acquire manual skills. The objectives of the study were to assess the learning process of laparoscopy for adnexal pathology surgery performed by beginner laparoscopists. Materials and Methods: This study included three gynecological surgeons who were beginners in laparoscopy and who were named A, B, and C. We collected information about patients, diagnosis, surgical technique, and complications. Results: We have analyzed the data from 159 patients. The most frequent primary diagnosis was functional ovarian cyst, and the laparoscopic cystectomy was performed in 49.1% of interventions. The need to convert a laparoscopy into laparotomy was necessary in 1.3% of patients. There were no cases of reintervention, blood transfusion, or ureteral lesions. The duration of the surgical intervention varied statistically significantly according to patient’s BMI and to the surgeon. After 20 laparoscopic interventions, a significant improvement was found in the time needed to perform ovarian cystectomy (operators A and B) and salpingectomy (operator C). Conclusions: The process of learning laparoscopy is laborious and difficult. We found a significant decrease in operating time after a twenty laparoscopic interventions.
BIM Modelling of the AQP Touristic Cycle Path
Authors: Pazzini Margherita , Cameli Leonardo , Lantieri Claudio , Vignali Valeria , Mingozzi Daniele , Crescenzo Giuseppe
Published: June 2023

BIM (building information modelling) has led to substantial improvements in all design steps. Applied mainly as an information management system in the digital design of structures and buildings, only in recent years has the use of BIM also extended to the construction of road infrastructure. The so-called I-BIM (infrastructure building information modelling) methodology supports the designer in the phases of construction and execution of the design considering all aspects related to the project, including sustainability. Through the software “Roads” of “SierraSoft S.r.l.”, in this article, the I-BIM approach has been used to design a 35 km cycle path as sustainable as possible. From an operational point of view, the design of a cycle path section begins with the modelling of the infrastructure in all its aspects: a study of the route, analysis of interference, modelling of the infrastructure (floor plan, profile and sections) and an intersection study. Creating an infrastructure that increases soft mobility vehicles through a comprehensive design, attracting as many users as possible, is the real innovative challenge.
Rapid Assessment of Insect Pest Outbreak Using Drones: A Case Study with Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Soybean Fields
Authors: Park Yong-Lak , Naharki Kushal , Karimzadeh Roghaiyeh , Seo Bo Yoon , Lee Gwan-Seok
Published: June 2023

Rapid assessment of crop damage is essential for successful management of insect pest outbreaks. In this study, we investigated the use of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) and image analyses to assess an outbreak of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), that occurred in soybean fields in South Korea. A rotary-wing UAS was deployed to obtain a series of aerial images over 31 soybean blocks. The images were stitched together to generate composite imagery, followed by image analyses to quantify soybean defoliation. An economic analysis was conducted to compare the cost of the aerial survey with that of a conventional ground survey. The results showed that the aerial survey precisely estimated the defoliation compared to the ground survey, with an estimated defoliation of 78.3% and a range of 22.4–99.8% in the 31 blocks. Moreover, the aerial survey followed by image analyses was found to be more economical than the conventional ground survey when the number of target soybean blocks subject to the survey was more than 15 blocks. Our study clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of using an autonomous UAS and image analysis to conduct a low-cost aerial survey of soybean damage caused by S. exigua outbreaks, which can inform decision-making for S. exigua management.
Cardiovascular Toxicity Related to Cancer Treatment
Authors: Xanthopoulos Andrew , Briasoulis Alexandros
Published: June 2023

Cancer is among the major causes of death globally, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020 [...]
Correlation of Clinical Outcomes with the Prominent Indication of Transcatheter Paravalvular Leak Closure: A Multicenter Experience
Authors: Lytra Thekla , Kalogeras Konstantinos , Pesiridis Theodoros , Moldovan Carmen , Vavuranakis Michael Andrew , Vogiatzi Georgia , Oikonomou Evaggelos , Dardas Petros , Chrissoheris Michail , Ninios Vlasis , Vavuranakis Manolis
Published: June 2023

Background: A paravalvular leak (PVL) is a complication following valve replacement, which may lead to heart failure and hemolysis. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the clinical outcome after transcatheter PVL closure differs according to the prominent indication of the procedure (symptoms of heart failure or hemolysis). Methods: The data of consecutive patients who had transcatheter treatment for PVL between July 2011 and September 2022 in five Greek centers were analyzed. The primary endpoint was the technical, and clinical success rates with regards to the prominent indication of paravalvular leak closure. The secondary endpoints included the evaluation and comparison of the clinical and technical success in relation to the type of valve that was treated (aortic or mitral) as well as the survival analysis in relation to the closure indication and type of valve that was treated. Results: In total, 60 patients were retrospectively studied (39% men, mean age 69.5 ± 11 years). Regarding the primary outcomes, the technical success in patients mainly suffering from hemolysis was 86.1%, while in those presenting heart failure it was 95.8%, p = 0.387. Furthermore, the clinical success was 72.2% and 87.5% among hemolysis and heart failure patients, respectively, p = 0.210. During the follow-up period, the two-year survival rates were significantly better for patients treated for the aortic valve (78.94%) compared to those in the mitral position (48.78%), p = 0.014. In total, 25 patients died (41.7%) during 24 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Transcatheter paravalvular leak closure can be performed with high technical and clinical success rates without any difference according to the prominent indication of closure.
Optimizing Patient Care: A Systematic Review of Multidisciplinary Approaches for SLE Management
Authors: Galoppini Giorgio , Marangoni Antonio , Cirilli Francesca , Ruffilli Francesca , Garaffoni Carlo , Govoni Marcello , Scirè Carlo Alberto , Silvagni Ettore , Bortoluzzi Alessandra
Published: June 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by multisystemic clinical manifestations ranging from a relatively mild involvement to potentially life-threatening complications. Due to this complexity, a multidisciplinary (MD) approach is the best strategy for optimizing patients’ care. The main aim of this systematic literature review (SLR) was to scrutinize the published data regarding the MD approach for the management of SLE patients. The secondary objective was to evaluate the outcomes of the MD approach in SLE patients. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were used. We performed an SLR to retrieve articles available in English or Italian listed in PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, and Cochrane Library concerning the MD approach used in observational studies and clinical trials. Four independent reviewers performed the study selection and data collection. Of 5451 abstracts evaluated, 19 studies were included in the SLR. The MD approach was most frequently described in the context of SLE pregnancy, reported in 10 papers. MD teams were composed of a rheumatologist, except for one cohort study; a gynecologist; a psychologist; a nurse; and other health professionals. MD approaches had a positive impact on pregnancy-related complications and disease flares and improved SLE psychological impact. Although international recommendations advise an MD approach for managing SLE, our review highlighted the paucity of data supporting this strategy, with most of the available evidence on the management of SLE during pregnancy.
A Lesson for the Future: Will You Let Me Violate Your Privacy to Save Your Life?
Authors: Salmani Khosro , Atuh Brian
Published: June 2023

COVID-19 was an unprecedented pandemic that changed the lives of everyone. To handle the virus’s rapid spread, governments and big tech companies, such as Google and Apple, implemented Contact Tracing Applications (CTAs). However, the response by the public was different in each country. While some countries mandated downloading the application for their citizens, others made it optional, revealing contrasting patterns to the spread of COVID-19. In this study, in addition to investigating the privacy and security of the Canadian CTA, COVID Alert, we aim to disclose the public’s perception of these varying patterns. Additionally, if known of the results of other nations, would Canadians sacrifice their freedoms to prevent the spread of a future pandemic? Hence, a survey was conducted, gathering responses from 154 participants across Canada. Next, we questioned the participants regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and their knowledge and opinion of CTAs before presenting our findings regarding other countries. After showing our results, we then asked the participants their views of CTAs again. The arrangement of the preceding questions, the findings, and succeeding questions to identify whether Canadians’ opinions on CTAs would change, after presenting the proper evidence, were performed. Among all of our findings, there is a clear difference between before and after the findings regarding whether CTAs should be mandatory, with 34% of participants agreeing before and 56% agreeing afterward. This hints that all the public needed was information to decide whether or not to participate. In addition, this exposes the value of transparency and communication when persuading the public to collaborate. Finally, we offer three recommendations on how governments and health authorities can respond effectively in a future pandemic and increase the adoption rate for CTAs to save more lives.
The Potential of Replacing Concrete with Sand and Recycled Polycarbonate Composites: Compressive Strength Testing
Authors: Woods Morgan C. , Kulkarni Apoorv , Pearce Joshua M.
Published: June 2023

Concrete contributes 8% of all global carbon emissions, making the need to find substitutes critical for environmental sustainability. Research has indicated the potential for recycled plastics to be used as concrete substitutes. This study extends existing research by investigating the use of polycarbonate (PC) in plastic sand bricks as a mechanical equivalent to concrete. PC has high compressive strength, durability, impact strength, thermal resistivity, clarity, fatigue resistance, and UV resistance. This work provides a method and mold to produce a matrix of sand–plastic sample compositions with dimensions adhering to the ASTM D695 standard for compressive properties of rigid plastic. Compositions of 0% (control), 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% sand by weight were tested. Samples were tested for compressive strength until yield and stress–strain behaviors were plotted. The results for 100% PC demonstrated an average and maximum compressive strength of 71 MPa and 72 MPa, respectively. The 50% PC and 50% sand composition yielded an average and maximum compressive strength of 71 MPa and 73 MPa, respectively, with an increase in compressive stiffness and transition to shear failure resembling concrete. With a composite density of 1.86 g/cm3 compared to concrete’s average of 2.4 g/cm3, and a compressive strength exceeding commercial concrete demands of 23.3 MPa to 30.2 MPa, this lightweight alternative meets the strength demands of concrete, reduces the need for new construction materials, and provides an additional recycling opportunity for nonbiodegradable waste plastic.
Chopped Basalt Fiber-Reinforced High-Performance Concrete: An Experimental and Analytical Study
Authors: Tahwia Ahmed M. , Helal Khaled A. , Youssf Osama
Published: June 2023

Basalt fiber (BF) is an environmentally friendly type of fiber that has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years due to its excellent performance in concrete constructions. This current research was conducted to investigate the effect of chopped basalt fiber on the workability, compressive strength, and impact resistance of high-performance concrete (HPC). Three various lengths (3, 12, and 18 mm) and six volume fractions (0%, 0.075%, 0.15%, 0.3%, 0.45%, and 0.6% by concrete volume) of BF were used in producing sixteen HPC mixes. HPC compressive strength and impact resistance were measured for each mix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was also conducted on selected mixes to closely investigate the effects of the applied variables through the microstructural scale. An empirical model was developed to study the relationship between the impact energy and compressive strength of BF-reinforced HPC. The results show that adding BF improves the compressive strength and impact resistance. Compared with the control concrete, the compressive strength of the HPC reinforced with 3 mm, 12 mm, and 18 mm BF increased by 12.2%, 15.1%, and 17.5%, respectively. The impact resistance increased with a dosage of 8 kg/m3 for all lengths of BF. The SEM observations revealed that the BF accumulated in pores and on the surface of the attached cement which improved the microstructure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), which further enhanced the strength and ductility of the HPC.
How Do Football Playing Positions Differ in Body Composition? A First Insight into White Italian Serie A and Serie B Players
Authors: Bongiovanni Tindaro , Rossi Alessio , Genovesi Federico , Martera Giulia , Puleo Giuseppe , Orlandi Carmine , Spedicato Mirco , Iaia F. Marcello , Del Vescovo Riccardo , Gallo Stefano , Cannataro Roberto , Ripari Patrizio , Micheli Matteo Levi , Cataldi Stefania , Trecroci Athos
Published: June 2023

The present study aimed to investigate how playing positions differ in specific body composition variables in professional soccer players with respect to specific field zones and tactical lines. Five hundred and six Serie A and B professional soccer players were included in the study and analyzed according to their playing positions: goalkeepers (GKs), central backs (CBs), fullbacks (FBs), central midfielders (MIDs), wide midfielders (WMs), attacking midfielders (AMs), second strikers (SSs), external strikers (ESs), and central forwards (CFs), as well as their field zones (central and external) and tactical lines (defensive, middle, and offensive). Anthropometrics (stature and body mass) of each player were recorded. Then, body composition was obtained by means of bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). GKs and CFs were the tallest and heaviest players, with no differences from each other. Likewise, GKs and CFs, along with CBs, were apparently more muscular (for both upper and lower limbs) and fatter at the same time compared with the other roles. Overall, players of the defensive line (CBs and FBs), along with those playing in central field zones (CBs, MIDs, AMs, SSs, and CFs), were significantly (p < 0.05) superior in almost all anthropometric and body composition variables than those of middle and offensive line and external zones, respectively.
Underwater Color-Cast Image Enhancement by Noise Suppression and Block Effect Elimination
Authors: Ning Yu , Jin Yong-Ping , Peng You-Duo , Yan Jian
Published: June 2023

Efficient underwater visual environment perception is the key to realizing the autonomous operation of underwater robots. Because of the complex and diverse underwater environment, the underwater images not only have different degrees of color cast but also produce a lot of noise. Due to the existence of noise in the underwater image and the blocking effect in the process of enhancing the image, the enhanced underwater image is still rough. Therefore, an underwater color-cast image enhancement method based on noise suppression and block effect elimination is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an automatic white balance algorithm for brightness and color balance is designed to correct the color deviation of underwater images and effectively restore the brightness and color of underwater images. Secondly, aiming at the problem of a large amount of noise in underwater images, a noise suppression algorithm for heat conduction matrix in the wavelet domain is proposed, which suppresses image noise and improves the contrast and edge detail information of underwater images. Thirdly, for the block effect existing in the process of enhancing the underwater color-cast image, a block effect elimination algorithm based on compressed domain boundary average is proposed, which eliminates the block effect in the enhancement process and balances the bright area and dark area in the image. Lastly, multi-scale image fusion is performed on the images after color correction, noise suppression, and block effect elimination, and finally, the underwater enhanced image with rich features is obtained. The results show that the proposed method is superior to other algorithms in color correction, contrast, and visibility. It also shows that the proposed method corrects the underwater color-cast image to a certain extent and effectively suppresses the noise and block effect of the underwater image, which provides theoretical support for underwater visual environment perception technology.
Unanticipated Large-Scale Deletion in Fusarium graminearum Genome Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Its Impact on Growth and Virulence
Authors: Foster Adam John , Johnstone Emily , Saunders Abbey , Colic Eva , Lassel Nicole , Holmes Janesse
Published: June 2023

Fusarium graminearum, a filamentous fungus, and causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and other cereals, leads to significant economic losses globally. This study aimed to investigate the roles of specific genes in F. graminearum virulence using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene deletions. Illumina sequencing was used to characterize the genomic changes due to editing. Unexpectedly, a large-scale deletion of 525,223 base pairs on chromosome 2, comprising over 222 genes, occurred in two isolates. Many of the deleted genes were predicted to be involved in essential molecular functions, such as oxidoreductase activity, transmembrane transporter activity, hydrolase activity, as well as biological processes, such as carbohydrate metabolism and transmembrane transport. Despite the substantial loss of genetic material, the mutant isolate exhibited normal growth rates and virulence on wheat under most conditions. However, growth rates were significantly reduced under high temperatures and on some media. Additionally, wheat inoculation assays using clip dipping, seed inoculation, and head point inoculation methods were performed. No significant differences in virulence were observed, suggesting that these genes were not involved in infection or alternative compensatory pathways, and allow the fungi to maintain pathogenicity despite the extensive genomic deletion.
The Use of Galactomannan Antigen Assays for the Diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in the Hematological Patient: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bukkems Lydia M. P. , van Dommelen Laura , Regis Marta , van den Heuvel Edwin , Nieuwenhuizen Laurens
Published: June 2023

The optimal cut-off value of the optical density index of the galactomannan antigen assays (GM) for diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in hematological patients is a disputed topic. This article conducts a systematic review with a meta-analysis to establish which optical density index (ODI) cut-off value should be implemented into clinical practice. Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched (N = 27). The pooled data, using a generalized linear mixed model with binomial distribution, resulted in an overall serum sensitivity of 0.76 and a specificity of 0.92. For serum ODI 0.5 there was a pooled sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.84. The pooled data of all broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) studies resulted in an overall sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.95. For BAL ODI 0.5, there was a pooled sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.88. For the BAL ODI 1.0 pooling, the studies resulted in a sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.96. Serum ODI of 0.5 and BAL ODI of 1.0 are the most suitable cut-offs for clinical practice. However, our study affirms that the evidence for the use of GM in clinical practice for the hematological malignancy patient is currently insufficient and more research is needed to determine the diagnostic value of GM.
The Tuscany Integrated Supply Chain Projects 2014–2022: A New Path to Support the Agri-Food Industry
Authors: Cisilino Federica , Giampaolo Antonio , Licciardo Francesco , Orlando Matteo , Tarangioli Serena
Published: June 2023

The Integrated Supply Chain Projects (ISCP) are promoted under the framework of Rural Development Programs (RDPs). Considering the scarce literature on ISCP, the case of Tuscany, one of the Italian regions that has implemented ISCPs most aggressively, was analyzed. The aim of this work is to give evidence of the potential positive effects of ISCPs for the agricultural sector by considering the differences between ISCP beneficiaries (treated) and non-ISCP farms (non-treated). The materials used for the analysis are twofold: the Italian Rural Network database and the Italian Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) dataset. The analysis is based on a three-year period (2018–2020). The sample consists of 1693 farms, outliers excluded. The treated farms included in the FADN sample total 134. The variables used are both structural and economic. The statistical analysis carried out compares treated and non-treated farms using the Welch-t-test. The results show that some key variables are significant (area; labour; revenues and costs). In general, the treated farms are more likely to improve their production process through EU funding and through new investments. In conclusion, the ISCP could be a good opportunity to support the sector. This work suggests that beneficiaries could achieve higher economic performance, especially when carrying out diversified activities.
Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis in Patients with Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Holik Hrvoje , Krečak Ivan , Lucijanić Marko , Samardžić Ivan , Pilipac Danijel , Vučinić Ljubičić Ivana , Coha Božena , Kitter Pipić Alma , Miškić Blaženka , Zupančić-Šalek Silva
Published: June 2023

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease with an inflammatory background. Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by chronic inflammation and a tendency for connective tissue remodeling. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of symptomatic OA (sOA) in MPN patients. Patients and methods: A total of 100 consecutive MPN (39 essential-thrombocythemia, 34 polycythemia-vera, 27 myelofibrosis) patients treated in two community hematologic centers were cross-sectionally evaluated. Patients were required to have both symptoms attributable to hip and/or knee OA and radiographic confirmation to be considered as having sOA. Results: The prevalence of hip and/or knee sOA was significantly higher among MPN patients than the previously reported prevalence in the general population of similar age (61% vs. 22%, p < 0.001). Hip sOA was present in 50%, knee sOA in 51% and sOA of both localizations in 41% of patients. A high proportion of MPN patients had radiographic signs of hip OA (94%) and knee OA (98%) in the presence of attributable symptoms. Among the other factors, sOA was univariately associated with the presence of JAK2 mutation, myelofibrosis phenotype, older age, higher body weight, and higher MPN-SAF score (p < 0.050 for all analyses). In the multivariate analysis, older age (odds ratio = 1.19, 95% confidence interval-CI 1.06–1.33) and higher body weight (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.25) were recognized as independent risk factors for sOA. On the other hand, cytoreductive treatment was a protective factor for sOA (OR = 0.07, 95% CI 0.006–0.86). Conclusions: The prevalence of sOA in MPN patients was higher than that in the general population and seems to correlate with older age, increased myeloproliferation and a higher inflammatory state. Whether cytoreductive treatment may postpone OA development in MPN patients warrants additional confirmation.
Repeated Glutathione Sodium Salt Infusion May Counteract Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury Occurrence in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary PCI: A Randomized Subgroup Analysis of the GSH 2014 Trial
Authors: Arrivi Alessio , Pucci Giacomo , Sordi Martina , Dominici Marcello , Barillà Francesco , Carnevale Roberto , Morgantini Amalia , Rosati Riccardo , Mangieri Enrico , Tanzilli Gaetano
Published: June 2023

Background: Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is still a major concern for referring physicians, especially in the setting of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary-PCI (pPCI). To evaluate whether glutathione sodium salt (GSS) infusion impacts favorably on CA-AKI, an unplanned exploratory data analysis of the GSH 2014 trial was performed. Methods: One hundred patients with STEMI were assigned at random to an experimental group (No. 50) or to a placebo group (No. 50). Treatment consisted of an intravenous infusion of GSS lasting over 10 min before p-PCI. The placebo group received the same quantity of normal saline solution. After the interventions, glutathione was administered in the same doses to both groups at 24, 48 and 72 h. Results: CA-AKI occurred in 5 out of 50 patients (10%) allocated to the experimental group (GSS infusion) and in 19 out of 50 patients (38%) allocated to the placebo group (p between groups < 0.001). No patients in either group required renal replacement therapy. After allowing for multiple confounders, GSS administration (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04–0.61) and door-to-balloon time (in hours) (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.01–2.58) have been the only independent predictors of CA-AKI. Conclusions: the results of this sub-study, which show a significant trend towards an improved nephroprotection in the experimental group, led to the hypothesis of a possible new prophylactic approach to counteract CA-AKI using repeated GSS infusion. Subsequent studies with specific clinical outcomes would be necessary to confirm these data.
Inverse Kinematics of Robot Manipulator Based on BODE-CS Algorithm
Authors: Li Minghao , Luo Xiao , Qiao Lijun
Published: June 2023

Differential evolution is a popular algorithm for solving global optimization problems. When tested, it has reportedly outperformed both robotic problems and benchmarks. However, it may have issues with local optima or premature convergence. In this paper, we present a novel BODE-CS (Bidirectional Opposite Differential Evolution–Cuckoo Search) algorithm to solve the inverse kinematics problem of a six-DOF EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) robot manipulator. The hybrid algorithm was based on the differential evolution algorithm and Cuckoo Search algorithm. To avoid any local optimum and accelerate the convergence of the swarm, various strategies were introduced. Firstly, a forward-kinematics model was established, and the objective function was formulated according to the structural characteristics of the robot manipulator. Secondly, a Halton sequence and an opposite search strategy were used to initialize the individuals in the swarm. Thirdly, the optimization algorithms applied to the swarm were dynamically allocated to the Differential Evolution algorithm or the Cuckoo algorithm. Fourthly, a composite differential algorithm, which consisted of a dynamically opposite differential strategy, a bidirectional search strategy, and two other typically used differential strategies were introduced to maintain the diversity of the swarm. Finally, two adaptive parameters were introduced to optimize the amplification factor F and cross-over probability Cr. To verify the performance of the BODE-CS algorithm, two different tasks were tested. The experimental results of the simulation showed that the BODE-CS algorithm had high accuracy and a fast convergence rate, which met the requirements of an inverse solution for the manipulator.
Fixed-Time Controller for Altitude/Yaw Control of Mini-Drones: Real-Time Implementation with Uncertainties
Authors: Labbadi Moussa , Chatri Chakib , Boubaker Sahbi , Kamel Souad
Published: June 2023

Gradually, it has become easier to use aerial transportation systems in practical applications. However, due to the fixed-length wire, recent studies on load-suspended transportation systems have revealed some practical constraints, especially when using quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). By actively adjusting the distance between the quadrotor and the payload, it becomes possible to carry out a variety of challenging tasks, including traversing confined spaces, collecting samples from offshore locations, and even landing a payload on a movable platform. Thus, mass variable aerial transportation systems should be equipped with trajectory tracking control mechanisms to accomplish these tasks. Due to the above-mentioned reasons, the present paper addresses the problem of the altitude/yaw tracking control of a mini-quadrotor subject to mass uncertainties. The main objective of this paper is to design a fixed-time stable controller for the perturbed altitude/yaw motions, based on recent results using the fixed-time stability approach. For comparison reasons, other quadrotor motion controllers such as dual proportional integral derivative (PID) loops were considered. To show its effectiveness, the proposed fixed-time controller was validated on a real mini-quadrotor under different scenarios and has shown good performance in terms of stability and trajectory tracking.
Predefined Time Active Disturbance Rejection for Nonholonomic Mobile Robots
Authors: Lin Lixiong , Xu Zhiping , Zheng Jiachun
Published: June 2023

This article studies the fast path tracking problem for nonholonomic mobile robots with unknown slipping and skidding. Firstly, considering the steering problem, a new mathematical model of nonholonomic mobile robot is derived. Secondly, to estimate the unknown slipping and skidding of a nonholonomic mobile robot quickly and accurately, new predefined time observers, which can attain a predefined settling time, are established. Thirdly, based on the observers and the sliding mode approaches, predefined time active controllers are proposed to achieve high precision control performance of the nonholonomic mobile robot tracking. The method proposed in this article can achieve uniformly global stability within a predefined time, which makes the adjustment of the convergence time of the nonholonomic mobile robot easier and convenient. Finally, the simulation results validated the theoretical results.
Monotone Mean Lp-Deviation Risk Measures
Authors: Zhang Jinyang , Wei Linxiao , Hu Yijun
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we establish a new coherent risk measure on Lp, which we refer to as the monotone mean Lp-deviation risk measure. Then, the related properties are discussed. Furthermore, from the perspective of acceptance set, we discuss the relationship between the monotone mean Lp-deviation risk measure and the monotone Sharpe ratio risk measure. Finally, we extend the monotone mean Lp-deviation risk measure to the multivariate setting.
Negentropy as a Measure to Evaluate the Resilience in Industrial Plants
Authors: Durán Orlando , Sáez Gustavo , Durán Paulo
Published: June 2023

Resilience is an essential quality of systems. This characteristic is based on the ability of a system to cope with disruptive events. To prevent decreases in system functionality and performance and to respond promptly to unexpected situations or shocks, systems must possess this capacity. One challenge lies in identifying and measuring resilience. Recently, various metrics have been proposed in the literature to represent the resilience of systems. Despite this, there is still no global resilience measure that can be used in any type of industrial system. This work investigated a series of moment statistics and explored the field of entropy in the search for a general resilience indicator. A set of 27 hypothetical cases were proposed to calculate the indices under evaluation. Then, a series of comparisons were made between these indices and two resilience indicators found in the literature. The main results of this work lead to the overall conclusion that it is possible to use some of these indicators as potential resilience indicators for engineering systems and production lines. Specifically, negentropy appears to be a good option for this purpose.
Investigation of CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 Expressions in the Placentas of Preeclampsia Cases
Authors: Darka Aslan Irem , Sel Gorker , Barut Figen , Baser Acikgoz Rabia , Balci Sibel , Ozmen Ulku , Barut Aykut , Harma Muge , Harma Mehmet Ibrahim
Published: June 2023

Objective: In the present study, we investigated the expression of CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 antibodies (Ab), which we think have an effect on the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE), in pregnant patients with healthy placentas and placentas with PE. The expression of these antibodies has been investigated in a limited amount of former research, but their role in PE has not yet been clarified. With this study, we aimed to contribute to the elucidation of the pathophysiology of PE and the detection of new target molecules for treatment. Materials and Methods: Parturients with singleton pregnancy at 32 weeks or above without any maternal or fetal pathology who were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Practice and Research Hospital between 11 January 2020 and 7 January 2022 were included in the present study. Pregnant women with coexisting disease or a pathology related to the placenta (ablation placenta, vasa previa, hemangioma, etc.) were excluded. CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 antibodies were histopathologically and immunohistochemically detected in 60 placentas with PE (study group) and 43 healthy placentas (control group). Results: CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 proteins were all more intensely expressed in preeclamptic placentas and a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for all three antibodies (p < 0.001). Deciduitis, perivillous fibrin deposition, intervillous fibrin, intervillous hemorrhage, infarct, calcification, laminar necrosis and syncytial node were found to be significantly more common in the study group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: We observed that CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 expressions increased in preeclamptic placentas. These Ab may be responsible for the pathogenesis of PE, which can be illuminated with further studies.
The Experience of a Single Tertiary Center Regarding Benign and Malignant Tumors in Acromegalic Patients
Authors: Plotuna Iulia-Stefania , Balas Melania , Golu Ioana , Amzar Daniela , Vlad Adrian , Moleriu Lavinia Cristina , Vlad Mihaela
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: Acromegaly is a rare disease associated with increased levels of growth hormones (GHs) that stimulates the hepatic production of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Increased secretion of both GH and IGF-1 activates pathways, such as Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (JAK2/STAT5), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), involved in the development of tumors. Materials and Methods: Given the disputed nature of the topic, we decided to study the prevalence of benign and malignant tumors in our cohort of acromegalic patients. In addition, we aimed to identify risk factors or laboratory parameters associated with the occurrence of tumors in these patients. Results: The study group included 34 patients (9 men (25.7%) and 25 women (74.3%)). No clear relationship between the levels of IGF-1 or GH and tumor development could be demonstrated, but certain risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity, were more frequent in patients with tumors. In total, 34 benign tumoral proliferations were identified, the most common being multinodular goiter. Malignant tumors were present only in women (14.70%) and the most frequent type was thyroid carcinoma. Conclusions: DM and obesity might be associated with tumoral proliferation in patients with acromegaly, and findings also present in the general population. In our study we did not find a direct link between acromegaly and tumoral proliferations.
Establishing a Standardized Clinical Consensus for Reporting Complications Following Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Mundis Gregory M. , Ito Kenyu , Lakomkin Nikita , Shahidi Bahar , Malone Hani , Iannacone Tina , Akbarnia Behrooz , Uribe Juan , Eastlack Robert
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: Mitigating post-operative complications is a key metric of success following interbody fusion. LLIF is associated with a unique complication profile when compared to other approaches, and while numerous studies have attempted to report the incidence of post-operative complications, there is currently no consensus regarding their definitions or reporting structure. The aim of this study was to standardize the classification of complications specific to lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF). Materials and Methods: A search algorithm was employed to identify all the articles that described complications following LLIF. A modified Delphi technique was then used to perform three rounds of consensus among twenty-six anonymized experts across seven countries. Published complications were classified as major, minor, or non-complications using a 60% agreement threshold for consensus. Results: A total of 23 articles were extracted, describing 52 individual complications associated with LLIF. In Round 1, forty-one of the fifty-two events were identified as a complication, while seven were considered to be approach-related occurrences. In Round 2, 36 of the 41 events with complication consensus were classified as major or minor. In Round 3, forty-nine of the fifty-two events were ultimately classified into major or minor complications with consensus, while three events remained without agreement. Vascular injuries, long-term neurologic deficits, and return to the operating room for various etiologies were identified as important consensus complications following LLIF. Non-union did not reach significance and was not classified as a complication. Conclusions: These data provide the first, systematic classification scheme of complications following LLIF. These findings may improve the consistency in the future reporting and analysis of surgical outcomes following LLIF.