bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Periodontitis and Gastritis Induced by Helicobacter pylori: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Maurotto Martina , Costa Liliana Gavinha , Manso Maria Conceição , Mosley Grace Anne , Fernandes Juliana Campos Hasse , Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira , Castro Filipe
Published: August 2024

The goal of this comprehensive review was to verify if the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) bacteria in patients with dyspepsia is higher in the oral cavity of periodontal or non-periodontal patients. The bibliographic search was conducted on scientific studies published in PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, and BVS. The focus question was: “In patients with dyspepsia and periodontitis, is the prevalence of Hp bacteria in the oral cavity higher than in patients with only dyspepsia or without any disease?” The inclusion criteria were human studies in English, Portuguese, or Spanish languages, published between 2000 and 2022, that included patients over the age of 18 and aimed to evaluate the presence of Hp bacteria in the oral cavity and in the protective mucosal layer of the gastric lining of patients with the diseases (periodontitis and dyspepsia) or without disease; clinical trials, randomized controlled clinical trials, comparative studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, and cohort studies. The methodological quality evaluation of the included articles was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. The final scores could be of “Low” quality (at least two “no” [red] or ≥ five “unclear” found), “Moderate” quality (one “no” [red] was found or up to four “unclear” criteria were met), or “High” quality (all green [yes] or at maximum two “unclear”). Of 155 potentially eligible articles, 10 were included in this comprehensive review after the application of the eligibility criteria. The selected studies were scrutinized regarding the relationship between Hp colonization in the oral cavity and stomach, its impact on severity and complications of gastric infection, as well as the effect of the presence of oral and gastric Hp on dental and systemic parameters. Hp can colonize periodontal pockets regardless of its presence in the stomach. There was a higher prevalence of oral biofilm in dyspeptic patients with periodontal disease, and worse control of bleeding and low oral hygiene was observed in periodontal compared to non-periodontal patients. For que quality assessment, the scientific studies included presented low to moderate methodological quality. Conclusions: It is possible to conclude that Hp is a bacterium that can colonize dental plaque independently of the stomach and vice versa; however, when both diseases are found, its presence may be more significant. Supra and subgingival dental plaque may be a reservoir of Hp, suggesting that patients with gastric infections are more likely to have Hp in the oral cavity. The results must be carefully analyzed due to the limitations present in this review.
Optimization of Phenolic-Enriched Extracts from Olive Leaves via Ball Milling-Assisted Extraction Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Xiang Qixuan , Wang Jingyi , Tao Kan , Huang Hu , Zhao Yaping , Jia Jinping , Tan Huijun , Chang Huailong
Published: August 2024

This study aims to extract phenolic-enriched compounds, specifically oleuropein, luteoloside, and hydroxytyrosol, from olive leaves using ball milling-assisted extraction (BMAE). Response surface methodology (RSM) and the Box–Behnken design (BBD) were used to evaluate the effects of the temperature, solvent-to-solid ratio, and milling speed on extraction recovery. The contents of the extract were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and converted to recoveries to evaluate the extraction efficiency. The optimal extraction conditions for oleuropein, luteoloside, and hydroxytyrosol were identified. Oleuropein had a recovery of 79.0% ± 0.9% at a temperature of 56.4 °C, a solvent-to-solid ratio of 39.1 mL/g, and a milling speed of 429 rpm. Luteoloside’s recovery was 74.6% ± 1.2% at 58.4 °C, 31.3 mL/g, and 328 rpm. Hydroxytyrosol achieved 43.1% ± 1.3% recovery at 51.5 °C, 32.7 mL/g, and 317 rpm. The reason for the high recoveries might be that high energy ball milling could reduce the sample size further, breaking down the cell walls of olive leaves, to enhance the mass transfer of these components from the cell to solvent. BMAE is displayed to be an efficient approach to extracting oleuropein, luteoloside, and hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves, which is easy to extend to industrial production.
Preparation of High-Performance Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Oleic Acid–Siloxene-Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts
Authors: Yue Huan , Yan Xin , Huang Chenghan , Zhang Hexin , Yang Jianming , Fang Liang , Kim Hee-Seon
Published: August 2024

The addition of two-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials can effectively enhance the properties of polyethylene (PE). In the present study, a series of high-performance PE/oleic acid (OA)–siloxene nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization using OA–siloxene-supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts. Compared with the conventional Ziegler–Natta catalyst, the polymerization activity of the OA–siloxene-supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst was enhanced to 100 kg/mol-Ti•h, an increase of 56%. The OA–siloxene fillers exhibited excellent dispersion within the PE matrix through the in situ polymerization technique. Compared to pure PE, PE/OA–siloxene nanocomposites containing 1.13 wt% content of OA–siloxene showed 68.3 °C, 126%, 37%, and 46% enhancements in Tdmax, breaking strength, modulus, and elongation at break, respectively.
Ti/CuO Nanothermite Doped with Secondary Energetic Materials: A Study of Combustion Parameters
Authors: Polis Mateusz , Stolarczyk Agnieszka , Szydło Konrad , Lisiecka Barbara , Procek Marcin , Sławski Sebastian , Domagała Wojciech , Iksal Jakub , Jarosz Tomasz
Published: August 2024

Nanothermites have found broad applications; however, due to being systems largely reacting in condensed phases, their performance is somewhat limited by heat and mass transfer. In order to alleviate this issue, nanothermites doped with gas-generating energetic materials have been developed. In this work, we present an investigation of a model Ti/CuO nanothermite doped by four classical energetic materials and investigate their properties and combustion performance. Mechanical and laser irradiation sensitivity, as well as ignition/explosion temperatures have been determined for the studied systems to establish their safety features. In terms of combustion performance, thrust force parameters and linear combustion velocity have been determined and the structure of the evolving flame front was recorded during open-air combustion experiments. The obtained results indicate that the developed doped nanothermite formulations are extremely promising materials for future applications.
Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to Anti-Inflammatory Drugs with a Focus on the Combinatory Effect of Celecoxib with Oxacillin In Vitro
Authors: Okpala Onyedika Emmanuel , Rondevaldova Johana , Osei-Owusu Hayford , Kudera Tomas , Kokoskova Tersia , Kokoska Ladislav
Published: August 2024

Musculoskeletal infections (MIs) are among the most difficult-to-treat staphylococcal diseases due to antibiotic resistance. This has encouraged the development of innovative strategies, such as combination therapy, to combat MI. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antistaphylococcal activity of anti-inflammatory drugs and the combined antimicrobial effect of celecoxib and oxacillin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 17 anti-inflammatory drugs against standard strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSAs), were determined using the broth microdilution method. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) were evaluated using checkerboard assays. Celecoxib produced the most potent antistaphylococcal effect against all tested strains (MICs ranging from 32 to 64 mg/L), followed by that of diacerein against MRSA3 and MRSA ATCC 33592 (MIC 64 mg/L). Several synergistic effects were observed against the tested S. aureus strains, including MRSA (FICI ranging from 0.087 to 0.471). The strongest synergistic interaction (FICI 0.087) was against MRSA ATCC 33592 at a celecoxib concentration of 2 mg/L, with a 19-fold oxacillin MIC reduction (from 512 to 26.888 mg/L). This is the first report on the combined antistaphylococcal effect of celecoxib and oxacillin. These findings suggest celecoxib and its combination with oxacillin as perspective agents for research focused on the development of novel therapies for MI caused by S. aureus. This study further indicates that celecoxib could resensitize certain MRSA strains, in some cases, to be susceptible to β-lactams (e.g., oxacillin) that were not previously tested. It is essential to mention that the in vitro concentrations of anti-inflammatory drugs are higher than those typically obtained in patients. Therefore, an alternative option for its administration could be the use of a drug delivery system for the controlled slow release from an implant at the infection site.
Thermal Exfoliation and Phosphorus Doping in Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhang Linzhu , Xia Yuzhou , Huang Renkun , Liang Ruowen , Yan Guiyang , Wang Xuxu
Published: August 2024

Photocatalytic H2 evolution has been regarded as a promising technology to alleviate the energy crisis. Designing graphitic carbon nitride materials with a large surface area, short diffusion paths for electrons, and more exposed reactive sites are beneficial for hydrogen evolution. In this study, a facile method was proposed to dope P into a graphitic carbon nitride framework by calcining melamine with 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid. Meanwhile, PCN nanosheets (PCNSs) were obtained through a thermal exfoliation strategy. Under visible light, the PCNS sample displayed a hydrogen evolution rate of 700 μmol·g−1·h−1, which was 43.8-fold higher than that of pure g-C3N4. In addition, the PCNS photocatalyst also displayed good photostability for four consecutive cycles, with a total reaction time of 12 h. Its outstanding photocatalytic performance was attributed to the higher surface area exposing more reactive sites and the enlarged band edge for photoreduction potentials. This work provides a facile strategy to regulate catalytic structures, which may attract great research interest in the field of catalysis.
Constructing Three-Dimensional Architectures to Design Advanced Copper-Based Current Collector Materials for Alkali Metal Batteries: From Nanoscale to Microscale
Authors: Kong Chunyang , Wang Fei , Liu Yong , Liu Zhongxiu , Liu Jing , Feng Kaijia , Pei Yifei , Wu Yize , Wang Guangxin
Published: August 2024

Alkali metals (Li, Na, and K) are deemed as the ideal anode materials for next-generation high-energy-density batteries because of their high theoretical specific capacity and low redox potentials. However, alkali metal anodes (AMAs) still face some challenges hindering their further applications, including uncontrollable dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interphase during cycling, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency and inferior cycling performance. In this regard, designing 3D current collectors as hosts for AMAs is one of the most effective ways to address the above-mentioned problems, because their sufficient space could accommodate AMAs’ volume expansion, and their high specific surface area could lower the local current density, leading to the uniform deposition of alkali metals. Herein, we review recent progress on the application of 3D Cu-based current collectors in stable and dendrite-free AMAs. The most widely used modification methods of 3D Cu-based current collectors are summarized. Furthermore, the relationships among methods of modification, structure and composition, and the electrochemical properties of AMAs using Cu-based current collectors, are systematically discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects for future study and applications of Cu-based current collectors in high-performance alkali metal batteries are proposed.
Optimisation of Interfacial Modification by Two-Stage Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Asakuma Yusuke , Watanabe Yusuke , Hyde Anita , Phan Chi
Published: August 2024

Microwave-assisted de-emulsification is attractive in the processes of petroleum production and refining. The main advantage of microwaves is their direct influence on the surfactant layer at the oil/water interface. Previously, an effective interfacial modification was demonstrated by pulsed microwave irradiation. However, the effect of the modification diminished during the off interval of the pulse irradiation. In this study, two-stage microwave irradiation with different powers and durations was applied as a method to maintain an interfacial effect. The power of the second stage was changed to optimise the modification. Quick modification was obtained by high-power irradiation followed by low-power irradiation. It was confirmed a sustained modification was maintained by a moderate power of the second irradiation. This observation indicates a re-adsorption or re-structure process after the first irradiation is suppressed by the second irradiation. The results open new opportunities to optimise microwave operation in oil/water systems.
Support Enzyme Loading Influences the Effect of Aldehyde Dextran Modification on the Specificity of Immobilized Ficin for Large Proteins
Authors: Siar El Hocine , Abellanas-Perez Pedro , Rocha-Martin Javier , Fernandez-Lafuente Roberto
Published: August 2024

It has been reported that the modification of immobilized glyoxyl–ficin with aldehyde dextran can promote steric hindrances that greatly reduce the activity of the immobilized protease against hemoglobin, while the protease still maintained a reasonable level of activity against casein. In this paper, we studied if this effect may be different depending on the amount of ficin loaded on the support. For this purpose, both the moderately loaded and the overloaded glyoxyl–ficin biocatalysts were prepared and modified with aldehyde dextran. While the moderately loaded biocatalyst had a significantly reduced activity, mainly against hemoglobin, the activity of the overloaded biocatalyst was almost maintained. This suggests that aldehyde dextran was able to modify areas of the moderately loaded enzyme that were not available when the enzyme was overloaded. This modification promoted a significant increase in biocatalyst stability for both biocatalysts, but the stability was higher for the overloaded biocatalyst (perhaps due to a combination of inter- and intramolecular crosslinking).
Ethanol Exacerbates the Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in the 5xFAD Mouse Model
Authors: Mohammed Hassan E. , Nelson James C. , Marshall S. Alex
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia with characteristic biological markers. Clinically, AD presents as declines in memory, reasoning, and decision making, but the loss of memory is particularly associated with hippocampal damage. Likewise, excessive ethanol consumption has been found to disrupt hippocampal function and integrity. To assess the potential shared consequences of AD pathology and ethanol, 5xFAD mice were administered 5 g/kg ethanol daily for 10 days. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed ethanol and AD converged to lead to microglial and astrocytic senescence as well as increased Aß-plaque formation in the hippocampus. Despite the exacerbation of these potential mechanisms of neurodegeneration, there were no additive effects of ethanol exposure and AD-related genotype on Fluoro-Jade C (FJC)+ cells or cognitive deficits in the novel object recognition task. Overall, these results are the first to characterize the effects of ethanol exposure on early adulthood in the 5xFAD mouse model. Together these findings support the idea that alcohol can influence AD pathology; however, the mechanisms involved in AD progression (e.g., glial activation and Aß-plaque) may be impacted prior to evidence of pathology (e.g., cognitive decline or neuronal loss).
Correction: Khongrum et al. Safety and Effects of Lactobacillus paracasei TISTR 2593 Supplementation on Improving Cholesterol Metabolism and Atherosclerosis-Related Parameters in Subjects with Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023, 15, 661
Authors: Khongrum Jurairat , Yingthongchai Pratoomporn , Boonyapranai Kongsak , Wongtanasarasin Wachira , Aobchey Paitoon , Tateing Suriya , Prachansuwan Aree , Sitdhipol Jaruwan , Niwasabutra Kanidta , Thaveethaptaikul Punnathorn , Phapugrangkul Pongsathon , Chonpathompikunlert Pennapa
Published: August 2024

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Nutrition, Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Khalil Abdelouahed
Published: August 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the leading cause of mortality worldwide, despite the significant advancements that have been made in terms of primary and secondary prevention strategies over the past decades [...]
Effect of Guar Gum Content on the Mechanical Properties of Laterite Soil for Subgrade Soil Application
Authors: Banne Shailendra Pandurang , Kulkarni Saurabh , Baldovino Jair Arrieta
Published: August 2024

Using biopolymers for soil stabilization is favorable compared to more conventional methods because they are more environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and long-lasting. This study analyzes the physical properties of guar gum and laterite soil mixes. A comprehensive engineering study of guar gum-treated soil was conducted with the help of a brief experimental program. This study examined the effects of soil–guar gum interactions on the strengthening behavior of guar gum-treated soil mixtures using a series of laboratory tests. The treated laterite soil’s dry density increased marginally, while its optimum moisture content decreased as the guar gum increased. Treatment with guar gum significantly enhanced the strength of laterite soil mixtures. For laterite soil with 2% guar gum, the unsoaked CBR increased by 148% and the soaked CBR increased by 192.36%. The cohesiveness and internal friction angle increased by 93.33% and 31.52%, respectively. These results show that using guar gum dramatically improves the strength of laterite soil, offering a more environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to traditional soil additives. Using guar gum in T8 subgrade soil requires a 1395 mm pavement depth and costs INR 3.83 crores, 1.52 times more than laterite soil. For T9 subgrade soil, the depth was 1495 mm, costing INR 4.42 crores, 1.72 times more than laterite soil. This study introduces a novel approach to soil stabilization by employing guar gum, a biopolymer, to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of laterite soil. Furthermore, this study provides a detailed cost–benefit analysis for pavement applications, revealing the financial feasibility of using guar gum despite it requiring a marginally higher initial investment.
Influence of Polymer Fibre Reinforcement on Concrete Anchor Breakout Failure Capacity
Authors: Spyra Julia , Mellios Nikolaos , Borttscheller Michael , Spyridis Panagiotis
Published: August 2024

With the increasing use of fibre-reinforced concrete, e.g., in industrial floor and tunnel construction, the associated fastening technology in this material has increasingly become the focus of scientific attention in recent years. Over 25 years ago, design and assessment guidelines for anchoring systems in reinforced concrete were established, which have since evolved into comprehensive regulatory standards. However, these standards only address plain and rebar-reinforced concrete as anchoring bases, neglecting fibre-reinforced concrete. The design of anchorage systems in fibre-reinforced concrete has not yet been standardised. Recent studies and product certifications accounting for steel fibre reinforcement are now seeing their way to publication, supported by a fair amount of scientific research studies. This paper aims to elucidate the effects of polymer fibre reinforcement in this application through a systematic investigation. Experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the system’s load-bearing behaviour failing with concrete breakouts under tensile loading. By incorporating the determined material properties of polymer fibre-reinforced concrete and their mathematical interpretation, alternative model proposals are presented to assess concrete breakout resistance. The addition of polymer fibres significantly improves the load-bearing capacity and ductility of concrete under tensile loads, transforming its quasi-brittle response into a more ductile behaviour. Although the fibres had a minor impact on overall material strength, their influence on the tensile capacity of the anchors reveal a 15–20% increase in load resistance and up to a doubling of the failure displacements.
A Cost-Effective Approach to Creating Large Silicone Rubber Molds Using Advanced Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Kuo Chil-Chyuan , Lu Yi-Qing , Huang Song-Hua , Farooqui Armaan
Published: August 2024

In practical applications, polyurethane (PU) foam must be rigid to meet the demands of various industries and provide comfort and protection in everyday life. PU foam components are extensively used in structural foam, thermal insulation, decorative panels, packaging, imitation wood, and floral foam, as well as in models and prototypes. Conventional technology for producing PU foam parts often leads to defects such as deformation, short shots, entrapped air, warpage, flash, micro-bubbles, weld lines, and voids. Therefore, the development of rigid PU foam parts has become a crucial research focus in the industry. This study proposes an innovative manufacturing process for producing rigid PU foam parts using silicone rubber molds (SRMs). The deformation of the silicone rubber mold can be predicted based on its wall thickness, following a trend equation with a correlation coefficient of 0.9951. The volume of the PU foam part can also be predicted by the weight of the PU foaming agent, as indicated by a trend equation with a correlation coefficient of 0.9824. The optimal weight ratio of the foaming agent to water, yielding the highest surface hardness, was found to be 5:1. The surface hardness of the PU foam part can also be predicted based on the weight of the water used, according to a proposed prediction equation with a correlation coefficient of 0.7517. The average surface hardness of the fabricated PU foam part has a Shore O hardness value of approximately 75. Foam parts made with 1.5 g of water added to 15 g of a foaming agent have the fewest internal pores, resulting in the densest interior. PU foam parts exhibit excellent mechanical properties when 3 g of water is added to the PU foaming agent, as evidenced by their surface hardness and compressive strength. Using rigid PU foam parts as a backing material in the proposed method can reduce rapid tool production costs by about 62%. Finally, an innovative manufacturing process for creating large SRMs using rigid PU foam parts as backing material is demonstrated.
Effects of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Surface Treatments and Composites with Different Viscosities on the Repair Bond Strength of CAD/CAM Resin Nanoceramic
Authors: Degirmenci Alperen , Unalan Degirmenci Beyza
Published: August 2024

This study aims to evaluate the repair micro-shear bond strength of the CAD/CAM resin nanoceramic block treated using four different surface treatments and composite resins of different viscosities. For the current study, 96 samples with dimensions of 14 × 12 × 2 mm were obtained from a CAD/CAM resin nanoceramic block (Cerasmart) with a low-speed precision cutting saw under water cooling. The relevant samples were randomly divided into four groups according to the surface treatment processes: grinding with diamond bur, aluminum oxide airborne-particle abrasion, long-pulse laser, and short-pulse laser. Following silane application, universal adhesive was applied to all surface-treated samples and cured with an LED for 10 s. The samples prepared for the repair procedure were divided into two subgroups (microhybrid composite and injectable composite) according to the viscosity of the repair material to be used (n = 12). After the repair procedure, care was taken to keep the samples in distilled water in an incubator at 37 °C for 24 h. The repair micro-shear bond strength values (μSBSs) of CAD/CAM resin nanoceramic-composite resin complexes were tested. In addition, randomly selected samples from each group were examined with a scanning electron microscope to evaluate the surface topography after both surface treatments and the micro-shear bond strength test. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test. It was determined that the surface treatment preferred in the repair protocol significantly affected the μSBS value (p < 0.001). While the highest μSBS value was obtained with the short-pulse laser airradiation group, the lowest μSBS values were found in samples with long pulse laser irradiation. However, samples grinded with a bur and airborne-particle abrasion showed similar μSBS values (p > 0.05). The preferred composite viscosity in the repair procedure has a significant effect on the μSBS value (p < 0.001). However, the interaction between the surface treatment and the viscosity of the repair composite does not affect the μSBS values in a statistically significant way (p = 0.193). It may be recommended to clinicians to repair CAD/CAM resin nanoceramic restoration surfaces with injectable composites or after treatment with short-pulse lasers.
Passive Vision Detection of Torch Pose in Swing Arc Narrow Gap Welding
Authors: Su Na , Jia Haojin , Chen Liyu , Wang Jiayou , Wang Jie , Song Youmin
Published: August 2024

To enhance the synchronous detection of the horizontal and vertical positions of the torch in swing arc narrow gap welding, a torch pose detection (TPD) method is proposed. This approach utilizes passive visual sensing to capture images of the arc on the groove sidewall, using advanced image processing methods to extract and fit the arc contour. The coordinates of the arc contour center point and the highest point are determined through the arc contour fitting line. The torch center position is calculated from the average horizontal coordinates of the arc contour centers in adjacent welding images, while the height position is determined from the vertical coordinate of the arc’s highest point. Experimental validation in both variable and constant groove welding conditions demonstrated the TPD method’s accuracy within 0.32 mm for detecting the torch center position. This method eliminates the need to construct the wire centerline, which was a requirement in previous approaches, thereby reducing the impact of wire straightness on detection accuracy. The proposed TPD method successfully achieves simultaneous detection of the torch center and height positions, laying the foundation for intelligent detection and adaptive control in swing arc narrow gap welding.
Conceptualization of Cloud-Based Motion Analysis and Navigation for Wearable Robotic Applications
Authors: Schick David , Schick Johannes , David Jonas Paul , Neubauer Robin , Glaser Markus
Published: August 2024

The behavior of pedestrians in a non-constrained environment is difficult to predict. In wearable robotics, this poses a challenge, since devices like lower-limb exoskeletons and active orthoses need to support different walking activities, including level walking and climbing stairs. While a fixed movement trajectory can be easily supported, switches between these activities are difficult to predict. Moreover, the demand for these devices is expected to rise in the years ahead. In this work, we propose a cloud software system for use in wearable robotics, based on geographical mapping techniques and Human Activity Recognition (HAR). The system aims to give context to the surrounding pedestrians by providing hindsight information. The system was partially implemented and tested. The results indicate a viable concept with great extensibility prospects.
Dynamic Bandwidth Slicing in Passive Optical Networks to Empower Federated Learning
Authors: Mohammed Alaelddin F. Y. , Lee Joohyung , Park Sangdon
Published: August 2024

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning method in which individual devices compute local models based on their data. In FL, devices periodically share newly trained updates with the central server, rather than submitting their raw data. The key characteristics of FL, including on-device training and aggregation, make it interesting for many communication domains. Moreover, the potential of new systems facilitating FL in sixth generation (6G) enabled Passive Optical Networks (PON), presents a promising opportunity for integration within this domain. This article focuses on the interaction between FL and PON, exploring approaches for effective bandwidth management, particularly in addressing the complexity introduced by FL traffic. In the PON standard, advanced bandwidth management is proposed by allocating multiple upstream grants utilizing the Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithm to be allocated for an Optical Network Unit (ONU). However, there is a lack of research on studying the utilization of multiple grant allocation. In this paper, we address this limitation by introducing a novel DBA approach that efficiently allocates PON bandwidth for FL traffic generation and demonstrates how multiple grants can benefit from the enhanced capacity of implementing PON in carrying out FL flows. Simulations conducted in this study show that the proposed solution outperforms state-of-the-art solutions in several network performance metrics, particularly in reducing upstream delay. This improvement holds great promise for enabling real-time data-intensive services that will be key components of 6G environments. Furthermore, our discussion outlines the potential for the integration of FL and PON as an operational reality capable of supporting 6G networking.
Memristive True Random Number Generator for Security Applications
Authors: Zhao Xianyue , Chen Li-Wei , Li Kefeng , Schmidt Heidemarie , Polian Ilia , Du Nan
Published: August 2024

This study explores memristor-based true random number generators (TRNGs) through their evolution and optimization, stemming from the concept of memristors first introduced by Leon Chua in 1971 and realized in 2008. We will consider memristor TRNGs coming from various entropy sources for producing high-quality random numbers. However, we must take into account both their strengths and weaknesses. The comparison with CMOS-based TRNGs will serve as an illustration that memristor TRNGs stand out due to their simpler circuits and lower power consumption— thus leading us into a case study involving electroless YMnO3 (YMO) memristors as TRNG entropy sources that demonstrate good security properties by being able to produce unpredictable random numbers effectively. The end of our analysis sees us pinpointing challenges: post-processing algorithm optimization coupled with ensuring reliability over time for memristor-based TRNGs aimed at next-generation security applications.
A Review of Digital Twinning for Rotating Machinery
Authors: Inturi Vamsi , Ghosh Bidisha , Rajasekharan Sabareesh Geetha , Pakrashi Vikram
Published: August 2024

This review focuses on the definitions, modalities, applications, and performance of various aspects of digital twins (DTs) in the context of transmission and industrial machinery. In this regard, the context around Industry 4.0 and even aspirations for Industry 5.0 are discussed. The many definitions and interpretations of DTs in this domain are first summarized. Subsequently, their adoption and performance levels for rotating and industrial machineries for manufacturing and lifetime performance are observed, along with the type of validations that are available. A significant focus on integrating fundamental operations of the system and scenarios over the lifetime, with sensors and advanced machine or deep learning, along with other statistical or data-driven methods are highlighted. This review summarizes how individual aspects around DTs are extremely helpful for lifetime design, manufacturing, or decision making even when a DT can remain incomplete or limited.
Supporting Differentiated Streaming Services in Heterogeneous Vehicle-to-Everything Networks
Authors: Huang Chenn-Jung , Hu Kai-Wen , Cheng Hao-Wen , Jian Mei-En , Tsamarah Muhammad Inas Farras
Published: August 2024

Advancements in assisted driving technologies are expected to enable future passengers to use a wide range of multimedia applications in electric vehicles (EVs). To address the bandwidth demands for high-resolution and immersive videos during peak traffic, this study introduces a bandwidth-management algorithm to support differentiated streaming services in heterogeneous vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks. By leveraging cellular 6G base stations, along with Cell-Free (CF) Massive Multi-Input Multi-Output (mMIMO) Wi-Fi 7 access points, the algorithm aims to provide a high-coverage, high-speed, and low-interference V2X network environment. Additionally, Li-Fi technology is employed to supply extra bandwidth to vehicles with limited connectivity via V2V communication. Importantly, the study addresses the urgency and prioritization of different applications to ensure the smooth execution of emergency applications and introduces a pre-downloading mechanism specifically for non-real-time applications. Through simulations, the algorithm’s effectiveness in meeting EV users’ bandwidth needs for various multimedia streaming applications is demonstrated. During peak-bandwidth-demand periods, users experienced an average increase in bandwidth of 47%. Furthermore, bandwidth utilization across the V2X landscape is significantly improved.
Evaluating the Role of Data Enrichment Approaches towards Rare Event Analysis in Manufacturing
Authors: Shyalika Chathurangi , Wickramarachchi Ruwan , El Kalach Fadi , Harik Ramy , Sheth Amit
Published: August 2024

Rare events are occurrences that take place with a significantly lower frequency than more common, regular events. These events can be categorized into distinct categories, from frequently rare to extremely rare, based on factors like the distribution of data and significant differences in rarity levels. In manufacturing domains, predicting such events is particularly important, as they lead to unplanned downtime, a shortening of equipment lifespans, and high energy consumption. Usually, the rarity of events is inversely correlated with the maturity of a manufacturing industry. Typically, the rarity of events affects the multivariate data generated within a manufacturing process to be highly imbalanced, which leads to bias in predictive models. This paper evaluates the role of data enrichment techniques combined with supervised machine learning techniques for rare event detection and prediction. We use time series data augmentation and sampling to address the data scarcity, maintaining its patterns, and imputation techniques to handle null values. Evaluating 15 learning models, we find that data enrichment improves the F1 measure by up to 48% in rare event detection and prediction. Our empirical and ablation experiments provide novel insights, and we also investigate model interpretability.
A Rapid Nanofocusing Method for a Deep-Sea Gene Sequencing Microscope Based on Critical Illumination
Authors: Gao Ming , Shu Fengfeng , Zhou Wenchao , Li Huan , Wu Yihui , Wang Yue , Zhao Shixun , Song Zihan
Published: August 2024

In the deep-sea environment, the volume available for an in-situ gene sequencer is severely limited. In addition, optical imaging systems are subject to real-time, large-scale defocusing problems caused by ambient temperature fluctuations and vibrational perturbations. To address these challenges, we propose an edge detection algorithm for defocused images based on grayscale gradients and establish a defocus state detection model with nanometer resolution capabilities by relying on the inherent critical illumination light field. The model has been applied to a prototype deep-sea gene sequencing microscope with a 20× objective. It has demonstrated the ability to focus within a dynamic range of ±40 μm with an accuracy of 200 nm by a single iteration within 160 ms. By increasing the number of iterations and exposures, the focusing accuracy can be refined to 78 nm within a dynamic range of ±100 μm within 1.2 s. Notably, unlike conventional photoelectric hill-climbing, this method requires no additional hardware and meets the wide dynamic range, speed, and high-accuracy autofocusing requirements of deep-sea gene sequencing in a compact form factor.
Validation of the Kinematic Assessment Protocol Used in the Technology-Supported Neurorehabilitation System, Rehabilitation Technologies for Hand and Arm (R3THA™), in Children and Teenagers with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Qiu Qinyin , Mont Ashley J. , Gross Amanda , Fluet Gerard , Adamovich Sergei , Eriksson Mee
Published: August 2024

This study evaluates the R3THA™ assessment protocol (R3THA-AP™), a technology-supported testing module for personalized rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy (CP). It focuses on the reliability and validity of the R3THA-AP in assessing hand and arm function, by comparing kinematic assessments with standard clinical assessments. Conducted during a 4-week summer camp, the study assessed the functional and impairment levels of children with CP aged 3–18. The findings suggest that R3THA is more reliable for children aged 8 and older, indicating that age significantly influences the protocol’s effectiveness. The results also showed that the R3THA-AP’s kinematic measurements of hand and wrist movements are positively correlated with the Box and Blocks Test Index (BBTI), reflecting hand function and dexterity. Additionally, the R3THA-AP’s accuracy metrics for hand and wrist activities align with the Melbourne Assessment 2’s Range of Motion (MA2-ROM) scores, suggesting a meaningful relationship between R3THA-AP data and clinical assessments of motor skills. However, no significant correlations were observed between the R3THA-AP and MA2’s accuracy and dexterity measurements, indicating areas for further research. These findings validate the R3THA-AP’s utility in assessing motor abilities in CP patients, supporting its integration into clinical practice.
Heavy Metal Concentrations in Wild Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) during 2001–2023 and Potential Risks for Consumers: A Study on the Romanian Black Sea Coast
Authors: Oros Andra , Pantea Elena-Daniela , Ristea Elena
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the potential health risks associated with consuming mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) from the Romanian Black Sea coast between 2001 and 2023. The research focuses on heavy metal (copper, cadmium, lead, nickel, and chromium) bioaccumulation in mussels and the associated human health hazards. While most metals fell within safe limits, lead and cadmium exceeded the maximum admissible concentrations set by the European Commission in a small percentage of samples (10% for cadmium, 14% for lead). To assess human health risks, we calculated dietary intake estimates and hazard quotients. These calculations suggested that current metal concentrations in the mussels are unlikely to cause adverse health effects at typical consumption levels. Although current metal concentrations seem safe based on estimated intake and hazard quotients, we emphasize the need for continuous monitoring of pollutants in seafood to ensure consumer safety. Future research should consider the cumulative effects of various contaminants and how individual factors like age and health conditions might influence risk. Public health protection requires continuous monitoring, comprehensive risk assessments, and transparent communication between scientists, policymakers, and the public to establish safe consumption guidelines.
Just World Beliefs as a Predictor of Pregnancy Loss Beliefs in the United States: A National Survey
Authors: Stowers Paris , Heck Ronald , Kaneshiro Bliss
Published: August 2024

Just World Beliefs are a tendency to believe the world is inherently fair. The strength of these beliefs correlates with victim derogation, including blaming victims of medical pathology. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate whether the strength of belief in a just world predicts beliefs about the etiologies of early pregnancy loss. In total, 911 adults living in the United States were recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants completed a web-based assessment of their views on causes of pregnancy loss and a validated measure of just world beliefs. Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to evaluate the association between just world belief strength and beliefs about internal and external causes of spontaneous pregnancy loss. Compared to participants with weak just world beliefs, respondents with strong just world beliefs were more likely to attribute a pregnancy loss to benign reproductive choices (contraception use or a prior abortion) and daily activities (prolonged standing, engaging in an argument) that are within an individual’s control, while minimizing the contribution of factors that cannot be controlled (fetal genetic abnormalities). Understanding belief systems contributing to miscarriage stigma may help to develop stigma-reducing interventions for both patients and the general public.
Mapping the Implementation Practices of the 15-Minute City
Authors: Allam Zaheer , Khavarian-Garmsir Amir Reza , Lassaube Ulysse , Chabaud Didier , Moreno Carlos
Published: August 2024

This paper delves into the rapidly progressing 15-Minute City concept, an innovative urban planning model that envisions a city where residents can access essential services and amenities within a 15-min walk or bike ride from their homes. Endorsed by UN-Habitat as a critical strategy for sustainable urban regeneration, this concept has gained considerable worldwide recognition since its introduction in 2016. The 15-Minute City framework aims to enhance accessibility, sustainability, and social cohesion by emphasizing mixed-use development, compact urban design, and efficient transportation systems. Nevertheless, the swift expansion of this concept has surpassed the production of academic literature on the topic, leading to a knowledge gap that calls for alternative research methodologies. To address this gap, our paper adopts a mixed-method approach, systematically analyzing the scholarly literature, gray literature, media articles, and policy documents to offer a holistic understanding of the 15-Minute City concept, its real-world application, and the primary principles embraced by policymakers. By investigating the various manifestations of the 15-Minute City model and its potential advantages, challenges, and implications for urban planning and policy, this paper contributes to the ongoing conversation on sustainable urban development and planning. Through this study, we aim to inform policymakers, urban planners, and researchers about the current state of the 15-Minute City movement and its possible future trajectory.
Spatial–Temporal Divergence and Coupling Analysis of Land Use Change and Ecosystem Service Value in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Jing Xiaodong , He Yuchen , Sun Yuanyuan , Wang Mark , Wang Xiuzhe
Published: August 2024

Land use changes (LUC) have exacerbated the evolution of ecosystem structure in the urban agglomeration of the Yangtze River Delta (YRDUA), significantly affecting ecosystem service functions and values. Although the impact of land use on ecosystem service value (ESV) has received significant attention, most existing studies explore the relationship between LUC and ESV at the national, provincial, or regional scales. Few studies focus on urban agglomerations, particularly in the YRDUA. Additionally, while many studies analyze the driving factors of ecosystem services and the trade-offs and synergies among them, there is a relative scarcity of research on the coupling coordination relationship between LUC and ESV. In this study, we used the ecosystem service assessment model to dynamically analyze the spatio-temporal changes of land use and ESV in the YRDUA from 2000 to 2020 and evaluated the dynamic relationship between the two using the coupled coordination model system. The results show the following: (1) Land use types within the YRDUA underwent significant changes during the study period, with a notable decrease in farmland and a substantial increase in construction land being the dominant trends. (2) ESV showed upward and downward trends over different periods, with water bodies having the highest value, followed by forested land and farmland, respectively. The ESV of water bodies showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Higher ESVs were mainly concentrated around lakes such as Taihu Lake and coastal areas along the Yangtze River, radiating outward from these central points. (3) Currently, the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between land use intensity and ESV in the YRDUA is mostly reluctant coordinated or in the state of primary coordination. However, with time, the CCD trend has increased. In addition, variations between cities were more pronounced, showing a spatial pattern characterized by higher coupling levels in eastern/northern regions compared to western/southern regions. Our study can provide policy references for improving land planning, optimizing land use structures, and realizing high-quality, sustainable, green, and coordinated development in the YRDUA.
Coupling Coordination of Multi-Dimensional Urbanization and Ecological Security in Karst Landscapes: A Case Study of the Yunnan–Guizhou Region, China
Authors: Song Dinglin , Wang Sicheng , Mei Shilong
Published: August 2024

Globally, karst regions face the dual challenges of urbanization and ecological protection, with the coupling coordination of multi-dimensional urbanization (MDU) and ecological security (ECS) being a necessary condition for achieving sustainable development. This study, based on statistical data on MDU and ECS in the Yunnan–Guizhou Region (the YGR) in China, employs the entropy weight TOPSIS model, degree of coupling coordination (CCD) model, and panel Tobit regression model to explore the coupling relationship between MDU and ECS. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) MDU in the YGR increased from 0.299 to 0.305, indicating low-level and sluggish development. Spatially, it is characterized by a “dual-core” structure centered on Kunming and Guiyang. (2) ECS decreased from 0.456 to 0.423, with a spatial pattern of “high in the east, low in the west”. The impact of human activities on ECS increased from 0.579 to 0.631 due to the increase in social and economic activities. (3) CCD increased to 0.579, achieving moderate coordination. The spatial feature evolved into a tri-cluster pattern of “high–low–high” across the “eastern–central–northwestern” regions. (4) Regression results indicate that annual average precipitation has a “both promoting and limiting” dual effect on CCD. The coefficient for the proportion of afforested land area is 0.205, with a significance level of 5%, suggesting that increasing forest cover is a key measure for improving CCD. The study reveals the factors influencing the evolution of MDU and ECS from a negative to a positive correlation, providing a basis for decisions related to sustainable development for urban and ecological management in karst landscapes globally.