bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تأثير ترويج الخدمة في تحقيق الريادة لمنظمات الاعمال بحث تطبيقي في شركة الخطوط الجوية العراقية
Authors: الجعفري اشراق محسن , محمد عالية جواد
Published: October 2020

تكمن مشكلة البحث بالتساؤلات الجوهرية والتي تدور حول دور كل أداة من أدوات الترويج والمتمثلة بالإعلان والبيع الشخصي والعلاقات العامة وترويج المبيعات والتسويق المباشر في تحقيق الريادة لمنظمات الاعمال ، اذ يحظى موضوع ترويج الخدمة والريادة في منظمات الاعمال بأهمية كبيرة لحداثته النسبية وتأثيره في مستقبل منظمات الاعمال ، يهدف البحث الى معرفة دور ترويج الخدمة في الشركة المبحوثة وفيما لو كان الترويج للخدمة مؤهلاً لقيادة الشركة المبحوثة للريادة ، ولهذا الغرض صيغت فرضيات البحث المتمثلة بثلاث فرضيات ، تتمثل الفرضية الأولى والموسومة (يوجد علاقة ارتباط ذات دلالة معنوية بين الترويج وريادة الاعمال) فيما كان محور الفرضية الرئيسية الثانية ( يوجد علاقة تأثير ذات دلالة معنوية بين الترويج  والريادة) اذ استهدفت الفرضيتان المذكورتان تحديد الدور الذي يلعبه الترويج في الشركة المبحوثة لتحقيق التفوق والتميز على منافسيها ، فيما جاءت الفرضية الرئيسية الثالثة ومفادها ( يوجد تأثير لأبعاد الترويج مجتمعة في ريادة الاعمال ) ولاختبار فرضيات البحث تم تطبيق البحث في شركة الخطوط الجوية العراقية ، اذ بلغ عينة البحث ( 75) مديراً من القيادات الادارية العليا والوسطى في الشركة ، وتم جمع البيانات والمعلومات باستخدام الاستبانة والملاحظات الشخصية  ، وتم استخدام ( برنامج SPSS-v24 ) ومجموعة من الأساليب الإحصائية . وكانت من ابرز الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها البحث هي ان شركة الخطوط الجوية تأخذ بنظر الاعتبار الترويج للخدمة بدرجة مقبولة ، مما يعزز امكانية الترويج في جعل الشركة اكثر قدرة على تحقيق الريادة والهيمنة والتفوق على الأسواق المستهدفة . وكان ختام البحث مجموعة من التوصيات أبرزها ضرورة اهتمام شركة الخطوط الجوية العراقية بتطوير وتفعيل وسائل جديدة ومبتكرة للترويج، فضلاً عن استخدام تقنيات تكون أوسع واشمل لتتمكن من الوصول للجمهور.
تأثير نظام الادارة البيئية في استراتيجية الانتاج النظيف / دراسة حالة في شركة مصافي الوسط
Authors: عبد حسن رسل سعد , احمد يوسف عبد الاله
Published: October 2020

يهدف البحث الى قياس وتحليل الفجوة بين الواقع الفعلي و متطلبات نظام الادارة البيئية في شركة مصافي الوسط/ مصفى الدورة وفق المواصفة ISO14001:2015, فضلا عن قياس مدى توافر استراتيجية الانتاج النظيف واختبار العلاقة والتأثير بين توافر متطلبات المواصفة واستراتيجية الانتاج النظيف للواقع الفعلي في الشركة.

تمثلت مشكلة البحث بتحديد ما مدى تطبيق متطلبات نظام الادارة البيئية على وفق المواصفة ISO14001:2015  في شركة مصافي الوسط؟ ما مدى تتوافر المقومات المطلوبة لاستراتيجيات الانتاج النظيف في الشركة؟ وما هي طبيعة العلاقة والتأثير بينهما؟ وبقصد الوصول الى الحقائق العلمية استخدم البحث منهج دراسة الحالة الذي يتضمن الاعتماد على قوائم الفحص ((checklist في جمع البيانات والمعلومات عن بنود المواصفة الدوليةISO14001:2015  واستراتيجية الانتاج النظيف, الى جانب المقابلات الشخصية والملاحظة والمعايشة الميدانية والاعتماد على الوثائق والسجلات المتعلقة بالبحث كأداة مساعدة, وتم استعمال عدداً من الاساليب الاحصائية المتمثلة بالوسط الحسابي المرجح والنسبة المئوية لمدى المطابقة لتشخيص حجم الفجوة بين تطبيق متطلبات نظام الادارة البيئية وفق المواصفة الدولية ISO14001:2015  واستراتيجية الانتاج النظيف وبين الواقع الفعلي لكليهما, كما تم استعمال معامل الانحدار الخطي البسيط  ومعامل الارتباط ومعامل التحديد واختبار ((t واختبار (f) بهدف اختبار الفرضيات ومعنوياتها ما بين متغيري الدراسة واختبار LSD يتم استخدامه لتحديد الفروق بين متوسط عينتين.

وتوصل الى عدد من النتائج اهمها أن الشركة المبحوثة لديها ضعف في تطبيق المواصفة ISO 14001 ولاحظ الباحثان أن السبب في ذلك يعود الى  قلة التخصيصات المالية ومحدودية الموارد البشرية المؤهلة في مجال تطبيق المواصفة وايضاً وجود ضعف في معرفة الشركة بتطبيق استراتيجية الانتاج النظيف. فضلاً عن عدم امتلاك الشركة أي استراتيجيات بيئية نظيفة. وعددا من التوصيات اهمها انه يجب على الادارة العليا في الشركة العمل على توفير التخصيصات المالية اللازمة لتطبيق المواصفة ISO14001 والتركيز على تأهيل الموارد البشرية لتكون قادرة على تطبيق نظام الادارة البيئية وفق  متطلبات المواصفة و كذلك ينبغي على الشركة دراسة استراتيجية الانتاج النظيف لما له من أهمية كبير في تحسين الواقع البيئي للشركة.
الاغتراب الوظيفي وأثره في الرضا عن العمل بحث تطبيقي
Authors: فخري نور حسين , صالح مصطفى رعد
Published: October 2020

يهدف البحث الى تحديد دور الاغتراب الوظيفي وتأثيره في الرضا عن العمل في الشركة العامة لصناعة السيارات, وتم اختيارها لتطبيق الجانب الميداني كونها من الشركات المهمة في العراق, وتمثلت مشكلة البحث بوجود صعوبة في تأقلم الموظفين وشعورهم بالاغتراب في عملهم مما ينعكس سلبا على مستوى رضاءهم عن العمل في الشركة المبحوثة, وتم الاعتماد على الاستبانة كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات والتي تضمنت (31) فقرة, تم توزيعها على (50) موظفا في الشركة المبحوثة, وتم اختيارها بطريقة عشوائية وبالاعتماد على البرنامج الاحصائي الجاهز (SPSS), اهم الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها البحث هي ضعف ادارة الشركة في التقليل من حدة الاغتراب الذي يشعر به الموظفين في العمل, والسبب في ذلك الى أن امكانيات الموظفين وطاقاتهم غير مستغله بصورة صحيحة في الشركة العامة لصناعة السيارات مما يزيد من شعورهم بالعزلة والاغتراب في العمل, واهم التوصيات التي خرج بها البحث هو اهتمام ادارة الشركة بالموظفين من حيث شعورهم بالملل في اداء اعمالهم, من خلال التقليل من الروتين في انجاز عملهم, وتشجيعهم للعمل الجماعي, وتكليفهم باعمال تشعرهم باهميتهم في الشركة, وهذا بدوره يحد من ظاهرة العزلة الاجتماعية التي يواجهها الموظفين في عملهم.
Universal declaration of human rights as a source of universal international legal standards of human rights
Authors: Kuzenko Uliana
Published: October 2020

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as an international legal instrument, which for the first time formulated the foundations of modern democratic status of a human being and its fundamental rights and freedoms. Methodology. The methodology involves a comprehensive study of theoretical and practical material on the subject, as well as a formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. During the research, the following methods of scientific cognition were used: dialectical, terminological, formal and logical, systemic and functional. Results. The study found that the main features of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a source of international legal mechanism for the protection of human rights are: 1) it is a fundamental, foundational and universal international human rights act of the United Nations; 2) it establishes a system of fundamental human rights; 3) it defines a common system of fundamental international human rights standards; 4) it determines the principles of legal identity of a human being; 5) it determines the fundamental basis and principles of international legal regulation in the field of human rights protection; 6) it acts as an international legal basis for the adoption of the latest legislation on human rights protection; 7) it acts as an international legal basis for the codification of human rights legislation. Scientific novelty. The study found that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights points to the natural origin of human rights, which must be binding on all States and for the whole population, regardless of citizenship, in order to ensure the human rights protection in a democratic and rule-of-law State. Practical importance. The results of the study can be used to improve Ukrainian legislation on human rights and fundamental freedoms.
International experience in organization and performance of civil service
Authors: Humeniuk Tetjana
Published: October 2020

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to address the topical issues of international experience in the organization and performance of the civil service. Methodology. The methodology involves a comprehensive study of theoretical and practical material on this subject, as well as formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific cognition were used in the research process: dialectical, terminological, formal and logical, comparative and legal, system and functional methods. Results. In the course of the research, it was established that the modernization of the civil service should be carried out in the following areas: improvement of the legal fundamentals of the performance of the civil service; ensurance of political neutrality in performance of their professional duties, improvement of their legal and social protection; regulation of the procedure for providing public services; improvement of normative regulation of requirements for professional ethics of civil servants; improvement of the efficiency of civil service management; professionalization of the civil service, improvement of the system of professional training of civil servants while taking into account the further professionalization of the civil service, the principles of the organization of training of civil servants in the EU Member States. Scientific novelty. The study found that civil service reform is one of the key reforms, because it is impossible to build a strong, economically advanced and democratic state without efficient civil servants and proper governance. Practical importance. The results of the study can be used to improve the constitutional legislation, labor legislation of Ukraine regarding the disciplinary responsibility of civil servants.
Legal framework for improvement of agroecology by cultivating jerusalem artichoke
Authors: Kosmii Mykhailo , Kasiianchuk Vasyl. , Zhyrak Ruslan , Krykhovetskyi Ivan
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and research the legal mechanisms which make it possible to improve agroecology through the organization of cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke.Methodology. The methodology includes comprehensive analysis and generalization of available scientific, theoretical, practical and applied material and development of relevant conclusions and recommendations. During the research, the following methods of scientific cognition were used: dialectical, terminological, historical and legal, logical and normative, systemic and structural, functional, normative and dogmatic, generalization methods. Results. The process of analysis and research highlighted the possibilities of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke for improving agroecology, namely improving the ecological state of the atmosphere air and soil, preparing them for organic farming. The article contains examples of practical application of tubers of Jerusalem artichoke and herbage for the production of therapeutic and prophylactic products, alternative energy and highly efficient building materials. Scientific novelty. The study found that the authors summarized and systematized the levels of legal regulation in the field of using Jerusalem artichoke for improving agroecology, preparing soil for organic farming, in particular: the inter-sectoral level which covers the interaction of agricultural and environmental law in terms of cultivation and use of Jerusalem artichoke; the level of integrated environmental and legal regulation; level of individual resource (floristic) legal regulation; the level of environmental protection (anthropoprotection) legislation.Practical importance. The results of the study can be used in law-making and environmental protection activities related to issues of cultivating and using the Jerusalem artichoke as a means of improving agroecology.
Characteristics of the inheritance law of the countries
of Continental Europe, England and the USA
Authors: Pitsyk Kristina , Kaniuka Iryna
Published: October 2020

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the characteristics of the inheritance law of the countries of continental Europe, England and USA. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and a synthesis of available scientific and theoretical information. It is includes the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. Such methods of scientific knowledge were used: terminological, functional, systemic-structural, logical-normative. Results: it was determined, that complex social relations under the conditions of a market economy have led to the need to solve problems related to the fate of property that remains after the individual’s death. Originality. In the process of research is established that while Ukrainian inheritance law tends to expand the boundaries of the will gradually, in Western countries there is the opposite trend. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in legislation and law-enforcement activities.
Marriage contract in Ukraine as a deterrent lever spouses at divorce
Authors: Shevchuk Liubomyr
Published: October 2020

Goal. The purpose of this article is to consider and highlight the benefits of a marriage contract, a vision of the motivating factor in the practical plane of property relations of spouses. Method. The methodology involves a comprehensive analysis and generalization of available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific cognition were used during the research: system-structural, comparative. Results. In the course of the research, the legal protection, preference and, to a certain extent, the stability of the married couple against the challenges of the present were established, which minimized the negativity of the property consequences of divorce by concluding a marriage contract. A comparative parallel of thoughts in the expediency of the representative at the conclusion of the marriage contract is conducted. Scientific novelty. At present, for the citizens of Ukraine, the very fact of the conclusion of marriage contracts is not yet common, a certain novelty of the European world. Therefore, everything related to the concept of "marriage contract" is a novelty and the basis for a detailed explanation to families what exactly constitutes this normative document, its main advantages. Practical importance. The results of the study, the findings, can be applied or taken into account in the law enforcement practice in the field of family law.
Legal Influence of the Zamojs’kyj Synod (1720) on social relations
(late XVII – early XVIII centuries)
Authors: Onyshchuk Ihor
Published: October 2020

Purpose. The purpose of the scientific article is to expose the historical significance and relevance of the Zamojs’kyj Synod of 1720, to investigate the legal impact of synodal acts on the unification, development and identity of the Kyiv Unity Church. The historical context (circumstances, socio-political processes of the late 17th – early 18th centuries) is explained. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was, in particular, the dialectical method of scientific cognition, through which comprehensively investigated the decisions and resolutions of the Zamojs’kyj Synod of 1720 and their relationship with material and cultural and moral factors. The systematic method was applied in the complex study of large and complex objects (sources, decisions and resolutions of the Zamojs’kyj Synod of 1720). The method of comparison was applied in establishing the similarities and differences of historical and legal phenomena and law-making processes in the bosom of the unified Kyiv Church , formation and development of processes, events in chronological sequence. Originality. The scientific novelty of the research is to uncover the historical significance and relevance of the Zamojs’kyj Synod of 1720, ex. Effects of Synodal Acts on the unification, development and Identity of the Unified Church of Kyiv. Results. The study found that the adoption and approval of many canonical norms prohibited the Zamojs’kyj Synod from most roman catholic ceremonial practices, practices of the Eastern byzantine-ukrainian rite, which were not otherwise stipulated, and legalized a number of roman catholic religious holidays. The innovations fostered a better understanding between representatives of the byzantine rite and their catholic neighbors. The rulemaking of the Zamojs’kyj Synod defined the main directions of development of the Kyiv Church for the following centuries up to the present day.
Practical importance. The results of the study can be used in law-making activities for the purpose of legal regulation of public relations in the sphere of state-confessional relations.
Violation of the conditions of the insolution regime in trends of modern construction
Authors: Schevchuk Myroslava , Verkalets Svitlana , Schevchuk Serhiy , Danylyshyn Mykola
Published: October 2020

Purpose. The purpose of the work is analysis of violations of natural lighting conditions (insolation) in residential buildings, because in the modern conditions of construction the role of direct sunlight as a natural health factor has increased significantly, multi-storied buildings in cities are becoming increasingly detached from natural conditions. Method. The methodology is based on a comprehensive and objective analysis of the SSTC-R B normative document R.2.2-27: 2010 “Guidance on the Calculation of Civilian Object Insolation”. Results. It has been investigated during the process of analysis that the regulation and calculation of insolation is the most acute economic and social-legal problem. With the transition of land usage and construction to the market basis, building insulation rates have become a major factor in holding back investors, landlords and tenants from seeking to redevelop urban development in order to maximize profits. Scientific novelty. Imperfect normalization was found under the current conditions in the course of the research, which can lead to serious errors in the design and evaluation of the insulation regime of the apartment and the house as a whole. The maximum shade mask of a new home shall correspond to the maximum possible height of the projected house or to the combination of the maximum heights of each individual section at which the insolation regime in the premises of the existing house or in the surrounding area shall meet the regulatory requirements or shall not deteriorate during the normalized period of insolation. If the insolation is interrupted more than once, then for the estimated duration of the insolation, the sum of the duration of the two largest insolation periods should be taken. Practical meaning. The results of the study may be useful in further studies of violation of natural light conditions, as well as the impact of residential development on insolation processes.
Lawyers request a procedural document in a court proceeding
Authors: Hromko Volodymyr
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this article is the desire to convey to the legal community, as well as to persons associated with the lawmaking process in the state, the need to amend the current legislation of Ukraine in the context of unloading the judicial system by providing such a procedural document as a lawyer's request, more important status and the imposition of stricter liability for failure to provide, or incomplete or improper, response to such a request.
Methodology: The methodology involves the analysis of the available scientific and theoretical material, the legislative framework, in the part concerning procedural documents of the court, the lawyer and other law enforcement agencies, as well as their own practical experience. The following methods of scientific cognition were used during the research: terminological, logical-semantic, system-structural, logical-normative, comparative, and others. Results: In the course of the research it was determined that there was a real practical problem related to obtaining information by lawyers in the course of their legal activity, as well as other issues arising from it, including the saving of court time. An alternative is proposed to remedy and resolve issues related to this issue. Scientific Novelty: Scientific novelty is to offer the legal community a fundamentally different approach to understanding the value and importance of a lawyer's tool such as a lawyer's request. Practical relevance: The results of the study can be used in the process of amending the Law of Ukraine "On Advocacy and Legal Activities", as well as in the Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Ukraine.
Tietokoneavusteinen opetus
Authors: Pyhältö Hanneli
Published: October 2020

Artikkeli on katsaus tietokoneen käyttömahdollisuuksiin opetustoiminnassa. Artikkelin lähtökohtana on peruskäsite tietokoneavusteinen opetus ja erilaiset tavat määritellä sitä. Tietokoneavusteisen opetuksen käyttömahdollisuuksia tarkastellaan opetussisältöjen ja kohderyhmien näkökulmista. Artikkelissa käsitellään myös käytännön vaatimuksia, joita liittyy tietokoneavusteisten opetusohjelmien laatimiseen.
Aikuiskoulutuksen voimavarat ja niiden käyttö
Authors: Koistinen Seppo
Published: October 2020

Artikkeli on katsaus opetusministeriön ja aikuiskoulutuksen johtoryhmän toimeksiannosta suoritettuun selvitykseen maamme aikuiskoulutuksen voimavaroista ja niiden käytöstä. Selvitys valmistui vuoden 1984 lopulla.
On the centenary of Zygmunt Janiszewski (1888-1920): ideals of mathematical practice and the constitution of continuum theory
Authors: Arboleda Luis Carlos , Chaves Andrés
Published: October 2020

This paper shows the importance of applying a certain approach to the history and philosophy of mathematical practice to the study of Zygmunt Janiszewski's contribution to the topological foundations of Continuum theory. In the first part, a biography of Janiszewski is presented. It emphasizes his role as one of the founders of the Polish School of Mathematics, and the social, political and military facets in which his intellectual character was revealed, as well as the values that guided his academic and scientific life. Kitcher's view of mathematical practice is then adopted to examine the philosophical conceptions and epistemological style of Janiszewski in relation to the construction of the formal axiomatic system of knowledge about the continua. Finally, it is shown the convenience of differentiating in Kitcher's approach, the methods, procedures, techniques and strategies of practice, and the aesthetic values of mathematics.
Keywords: Zygmunt Janiszewski; Continuum theory; Philosophy of mathematical practice; Polish school of mathematics.
On C. S. Peirce´s primary arithmetic
Authors: Garnica Antonio Vicente Marafioti , Souza Leandro Josué de , Salandim Maria Ednéia Martins
Published: October 2020

his paper presents the initial studies on Peirce´s Primary Arithmetic, a set of manuscripts, never published by the author, written at the end of the XIX century. The originals – organized and published by Carolyn Eisele in 1976 – was translated to Portuguese and some initial studies are being developed focusing on the possibility that some features of Peirce´s Philosophy could be pragmatically – but implicitly – present in such manuscripts. Our partial conclusions, now, show that Peirce´s life circumstances, more than his Philosophy, characterize the texts under examination.
Keywords: Charles S. Peirce; Primary Arithmetic; Mathematics Education; History; Philosophy; Peirce´s Mathematical Writings.
Epistemology and rationality of intuition and imagination in the field of mathematics
Authors: Cifuentes José Carlos , Gusmão Lucimar Donizete
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to contribute to the clarification of the role of mathematical intuition and imagination in the constitution of mathematical knowledge, evidencing its epistemological and procedural characteristics. For that, an "epistemology of intuition and imagination" in the field of mathematics is outlined (suggested) emphasizing the need to adopt a dynamic conception of mathematics. In this context, intuition and imagination present themselves as forms of mathematical experience that give access, through paths that are not purely logical, to mathematical knowledge. Its epistemological and rationality characteristics, a rational of a non-logical nature, are highlighted by several examples, resources for moving the ideas involved. The epistemological study of intuition and imagination also allows highlighting its ontology, constituted of more relations than objects. From the pedagogical point of view, we discuss the formative character of philosophical studies involving intuition and imagination, mainly related to creativity in mathematics.
Keywords: Mathematical knowledge; Mathematical experience; Epistemology of intuition and imagination; Creativity in mathematics.
Studi Prestasi Taekwondo Pada Nomor Kyorugi Dan Pada Nomor Poomse Di Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Govinda Rizky , Pujianto Dian , Yarmani Yarmani
Published: October 2020

This Study aims to determine The Achievement Of Taekowondo On Kyorugi Numbers And On Poomse Numbers In Bengkulu City. This type research is descriptive qualitative. Subjects in this study were athletes, club administrators (coach), coaches with total 36 people. Data collection teghnigues used were surveys (questionnaires), and documentation. The instrument used was a closed questionnaire, the data analysis technique used is percentage. The result of this study were taken from the athelet questionnaire, club managers (coaches) with a total of 36 people, then the questionnaire result were obtained with a percentage of 82,7% of the criteria of strongly disagree, 89,9% of the trainers in the sufficient category, and the management obtained result wit percentage 90,2%. With enough kategory , so it can be conclude that Achievement Study Of Taekwondo Atheles In Kyorugi Numbers And Poomse Number In Bengkulu City has sufficient categories with an average score of 157,8 ( 87,62%).
Effect of Captopril and Melatonin on Fibrotic Rebuilding of the Aorta in 24 Hour Light-Induced Hypertension
Authors: REPOVÁ-BEDNÁROVÁ K. , AZIRIOVÁ S. , HRENÁK J. , KRAJČÍROVIČOVÁ K. , ADAMCOVÁ M. , PAULIS L. , ŠIMKO F.
Published: October 2020

Chronic continuous light exposure leads to melatonin deficiency along with complex neurohumoral activation resulting in hypertension development in rats. The aim of this study was to show, whether continuous light induces fibrotic rebuilding of the aorta and whether the treatment with melatonin or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril can prevent these potential alterations. In a six-week experiment, 3-month-old Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (ten per group): controls, rats exposed to continuous light, exposed to continuous light plus treated with captopril (100 mg/kg/24 h) and exposed to continuous light plus treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg/24 h). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and collagen type I and III in the media of thoracic aorta were measured. Continuous light induced hypertension and fibrotic rebuilding of the aorta in terms of enhancement of collagen I and III concentration in the aortic media. Both captopril and melatonin prevented SBP rise and reduced collagen III concentration in the aorta. However, only melatonin reduced collagen I and the sum of collagen I and III in the aortic tissue. We conclude that in continuous light-induced hypertension, administration of melatonin, along with SBP reduction, decreases collagen I and III concentration in the aorta. It is suggested that antifibrotic effect of melatonin may reduce the stiffness of the aorta and small arteries and beneficially influence the nature of the pulse wave and peripheral vascular resistance.
Proconvulsant Action of Two GABAB Receptor Antagonists Is Age-Dependent
Authors: MAREŠ P.
Published: October 2020

Antagonists of GABAB receptors are expected to have proconvulsant action also in developing brain. Two antagonists (CGP55845 and CGP46381) were tested in a model of cortical epileptic afterdischarges (ADs) in 12-, 18- and 25-day-old rat pups with implanted electrodes. CGP55845 was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and the results demonstrated marked proconvulsant action of this solvent which masked possible action of the antagonist. Water soluble antagonist CGP46381 led to marked potentiation of ADs in 12-day-old animals, its action decreased with age, it was negligible in 25-day-old rats. Our results demonstrated important inhibitory role of GABAB receptors at very early stages of maturation.
Lower Omega-3 Index Is a Marker of Increased Propensity of Hypertensive Rat Heart to Malignant Arrhythmias
Authors: BAČOVÁ B. , SEČ P. , RADOŠINSKÁ J. , ČERTÍK M. , VACHULOVÁ A. , TRIBULOVÁ N.
Published: October 2020

Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) are important components of cell membrane affecting its function and their deficiency is deleterious to health. We have previously shown that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are prone to lifethreatening arrhythmias that are reduced by ω-3 PUFA intake. Purpose of this study was to explore plasma and red blood cells (RBC) profile of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA as well as to determine ω-3 index, a risk factor for sudden cardiac death, in aged SHR and the effect of ω-3 PUFA intake. Male and female 12-month-old SHR and age-matched Wistar rats fed with ω-3 PUFA (200 mg/kg BW/day/2 month) were compared with untreated rats. Composition of ω-3 PUFA: alfa linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as well as ω-6 PUFA: linoleic acid and arachidonic acid was analyzed by gas chromatography. Results showed sex- and strain-related differences of basal ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA levels in plasma and RBC as well as in response to ω-3 PUFA intake. Comparing to Wistar rats ω-3 index, expressed as a percentage of EPA+DHA of total fatty acids, was lower in SHR and it increased due to consumption of ω-3 PUFA. Findings support our hypothesis that lower ω-3 index may be also a marker of increased propensity of the hypertensive rat heart to malignant arrhythmias.
NMDA and AMPA Receptors: Development and Status Epilepticus
Authors: SZCZUROWSKA E. , MAREŠ P.
Published: October 2020

Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate the majority of excitatory neurotransmission (Dingeldine et al. 1999). The high level of glutamatergic excitation allows the neonatal brain (the 2nd postnatal week in rat) to develop quickly but it also makes it highly prone to age-specific seizures that can cause lifelong neurological and cognitive disability (Haut et al. 2004). There are three types of ionotropic glutamate receptors (ligand-gated ion channels) named according to their prototypic agonists: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl) propanoic acid (AMPA) and kainate (KA). During early stages of postnatal development glutamate receptors of NMDA and AMPA type undergo intensive functional changes owing to modifications in their subunit composition (Carter et al. 1988, Watanabe et al. 1992, Monyer et al. 1994, Wenzel et al. 1997, Sun et al. 1998, Lilliu et al. 2001, Kumar et al. 2002, Matsuda et al. 2002, Wee et al. 2008, Henson et al. 2010, Pachernegg et al. 2012, Paoletti et al. 2013). Participation and role of these receptors in mechanisms of seizures and epilepsy became one of the main targets of intensive investigation (De Sarro et al. 2005, Di Maio et al. 2012, Rektor 2013). LiCl/Pilocarpine (LiCl/Pilo) induced status epilepticus is a model of severe seizures resulting in development temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This review will consider developmental changes and contribution of NMDA and AMPA receptors in LiCl/Pilo model of status epilepticus in immature rats.
Förvärvsarbete och försörjning
Authors: Fruåker Bengt
Published: October 2020

Människor försörjer sig i hög grad genom förvärvsarbete. Ingen kan emellertid förvärvsarbeta hela livet - och en del kan det aldrig - vilket förutsätter andra överlevnadsmöjligheter. Sådana finns t.ex. via familjen, egen formögenhet, välfärdsstaten eller privata försäkringar. Förvärvsintensiteten, som länge varit hög i Sverige, har sjunkit rejält under 1990-talet. Av övriga försörjningskällor är det bara familjen och välfärdsstaten som kan spela någon större roll. Med de dåliga statsfinanserna vältras dock bördan allt mer över på familjer och individer. Vi kommer därför kanske att få se snabbt växande sociala klyftor och okad fattigdom.
lmplementering av arbetslinjen inom sjukförsäkringen - konsekvenser för invandrarklienter
Authors: Jonsson Tola B.
Published: October 2020

Arbetslinjen som en central strategi vid rehabilitering av långtidssjuka skapar problem för vissa invandrarklienter. Problemen beror på att skillnader i synsätt mellan försäkringskassans handläggare och klienten leder till att konfliktfyllda situationer uppstår. En hypotes som artikeln frambringar är att ju fler >komplicerade invandrarärenden< handläggaren handhar, desto mer problematiska upplevs invandrarärenden generellt.
Arbetsrehabilitering av arbetslösa långtidssjuka kvinnor Informellt socialt stöd vid myndighetskontakter
Authors: Lindqvist Rafael , Bygren Lars Olov
Published: October 2020

Arbetsrehabilitering för den som är både arbetslös och långtidssjkukskriven förutsätter ofta kontakt med ett flertal olika myndigheter, vilka har olika regler, mål och avgränsning för sina hjälpinsatser. Detta kan ur den enskildes synvinkel vara en mycket krävande uppgift särskilt om individens sociala situation, problem med hälsa och arbete är sammanflätad. Artikeln visar att ett informellt socialt stöd från en facklig organisation kan vara ett viktigt led i arbetsrehabiliteringen för arbetslösa långtidssjukskrivna kvinnor, både för att stärka självkänsla och motivation och för att få igång konkreta rehabiliteringsåtgärder.
Basta arbetskooperativ – ett tecken i tiden?
Authors: Hansson Jan-Håkan , Wijkström Filip
Published: October 2020

I artikeln beskrivs ett annorlunda sätt att organisera rehabilitering av missbrukare i Sverige. Basta arbetskooperativ drivs helt och hållet utan anställda som har sin professionella hemvist i vård- och behandlingsssektorn. Istället utgörs kärnan i verksamheten av före detta missbrukare. I den speciella organisationsform som Basta arbetskooperativ utgör söker man kombinera produktion av varor och tjänster på marknadsmässiga villkor med ett målmedvetet och aktivt rehabiliteringsarbete. Detta skapar speciella förutsättningar i ett gränsland mellan marknad och stat.
Åldringsvåldet - Lösningen och problemet
Authors: Jönson Håkan
Published: October 2020

Våld mot pensionärer har uppmärksamats på flera sätt, allt ifrån medias löpsedlar om bakbundna åldringar till gerontologiskaa arbeten om "elder abuse" i vårdsituationer. I den här artikeln kommer "åldringsvåldet" att lokaliseras till en specifik arena - pensionärsorganisationen PRO och dess tidning PRO-pensionären, där problemet fått en speciell utformning, delvis bestämd av en sympatisk problemlösning - generationer i samverkan.
Det känslomässiga utbytet och omsorgskvalitet i hemtjänsten
Authors: Ingvad Bengt , Olsson Eric
Published: October 2020

Förväntningama på utbytet av omsorgsarbetet har en central betydelse för dynamiken i hemtjänsten. Partema hanterar vanligen olikheter i förväntningama så att utbytet blir tillfredsställande. Dock ingår i vårdbiträdets hantering sociala konstruktioner som idealiserar omsorgsarbetet och tillskriver partema egenskaper och roller. Konsekvensema analyseras i denna artikel utifrån ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv.
När motboken skulle avskaffas 1944 års nykterhetskommitté.
Authors: Elmér Åke
Published: October 2020

Artikeln handlar om hur det gick till i en statlig utredning på 1940-talet, vilka problem som behandlades och vilka resultat man kom fram till. Det gällde att utvärdera den rådande alkoholpolitiken och att föreslå nya regler. Artikeln bygger till stor del på personliga minnen från tiden som huvudsekreterare i 1944 års nykterhetskommitté från 1945 till 1953.
Debatt: Nya risker och försäkringsskydd
Authors: Westerhäll Lotta
Published: October 2020

Har vi ett omodernt socialförsäkringssystem som inte fångar upp nya risker i samhället? De »klassiska« riskområdena såsom sjukdom, barnafödande, invaliditet, ålderdom, dödsfall, arbetsskada och arbetsolycksfall samt arbetslöshet är måhända inte tillräckliga för att skapa social trygghet för människor? Har samhällsutvecklingen bidragit till att synliggörandet av nya riskområden, där människor behöver ett försäkringsskydd? Det finns givetvis andra sätt att skydda sig mot risker än att försäkra sig mot dem, men historien visar att ett sådant skydd många gånger är det säkraste och mest effektiva.
Kön och socialt arbete – en introduktion
Authors: Hedin Ulla-Carin , Månsson Sven-Axel
Published: October 2020

Det råder oenighet om på vilket sätt den sociala könsordningen har förändrats under de gångna decennierna. Å ena sidan finns det inget tvivel om att kvinnorna har flyttat fram sina positioner på den offentliga arenan. Kvinnor deltar mer i politik, utbildning och förvärvsarbete än tidigare. Å andra sidan hävdar många, inte minst kvinnoforskare, att den jämställdhet vi fått är en jämställdhet på männens villkor. Mansdominansen har egentligen inte försvagats, bara förändrats till form och innehåll.
Humanistiska och samhällsvetenskapliga forskningsperspektiv på ätstörningar, exemplet anorexi
Authors: Prestjan Anna
Published: October 2020

Anorexia nervosa och andra ätstörningar diskuteras ständigt i media som ett vanligt och allvarligt problem hos ungdomar och kvinnor. Ätstörningar är ett medicinskt problem, men också ett socialt och kulturellt sådant. Ändå har i Sverige mycket litet forskning bedrivits kring detta ämne ur sociala och kulturella perspektiv. I det följande analyseras det föreﬁntliga forskningsläget inom området samt ges exempel på möjliga problemställningar för fortsatt forskning.
Sjuksköterskors berättelser om rädsla inom psykiatrisk vård före moderna psykofarmaka
Authors: Svedberg Gunnel
Published: October 2020

Rädsla är ett återkommande tema vid intervjuer med sjuksköterskor som arbetat inom sinnessjukvård under 1940-talet. Föreställningar och erfarenheter förmedlas i berättelserna om rädslans uttryck och konsekvenser, liksom sätten att hantera den egna rädslan.
Glaser mot Strauss - två utvecklingar av grounded theory
Authors: Salminen-Karlsson Minna
Published: October 2020

Artikeln presenterar och diskuterar utvecklingen av forskningsmetoden grounded theory. Två varianter presenteras, där Strauss & Corbins (1990) presentation av metoden kontrasteras mot den ursprungliga presentationen av Glaser & Strauss (1967) och Glasers (1978, 1992) vidareutveckling av denna. Framför allt diskuteras hur forskarens roll uppfattas i de olika varianterna. De olika utvecklingarna av grounded theory uppfattas som tillhörande delvis olika forskningsparadigm, vilket kräver en ökad medvetenhet av forskaren vid metodval.
Nya böcker
Authors: Larsson Stig , Mallander Ove
Published: October 2020

Handbook of Disability Studies, Albrecht, Gary L, Seelman, Katherine D & Bury Michael, Sage Publications, 2001Normaliseringens periode. Dansk åndsvage försorg i l94O-70 med særligt fokus på försorgschef N.E Bank-Mikkelsen og udviklingen af statens åndsvageförsorg 1959-1970, Birgit Kirkebæck, Holte: Socpol Forlag, 2001
Directions in Qualitative Evaluation
Authors: Shaw Ian
Published: October 2020

It is regarded by many as not far short of bad taste to advance passionate claims based on the superiority of this or that methodology. The argument of most mainstream evaluation theorists is for a ‘horses for courses’ approach that aims to identify the strengths of different methods and discourage evaluators from over-claiming the relevance and application of any one approach to evaluation. I use this article to develop a few outline arguments in support of turning on their heads some conventional arguments about methodological choices for evaluation. I touch on four areas where qualitative methodology enables evaluators to re-cast central aspects of evaluation practice, viz causal understanding, methodological choice, the evaluation of professional practice, and the uses of evaluation.
Utvärderingsmodeller
Authors: Vedung Evert
Published: October 2020

Vilka frågor kan man egentligen besvara genom en utvärdering och hur skall man gå tillväga för att utvärdera? I artikeln presenteras en översiktlig bild av olika utvärderingsmodeller. Med en historisk överblick typologiseras utvärderingsmodellerna efter grundläggande värdekriterier.
Gruppkultur som hinder och möjlighet för intervention vid samarbetssvårigheter. En studie av social omsorgs- och vårdpersonal inom äldre- och handikappomsorg
Authors: Westman Berith , Forsgärde Marianne , Nygren Lennart
Published: October 2020

Artikeln redovisar en studie av ett interventionsförsök för att förbättra samarbetet mellan social omsorgs- och vårdpersonal inom äldre- och handikappomsorgen. Interventionen bestod av systematiska gruppdiskussioner med etiskt innehåll. I den delstudie som här redovisas visas att gruppkulturen påverkar möjligheterna att lyckas med interventionen. Detta resultat diskuteras i artikeln med hjälp av Wilfred Bions gruppteori.
Det normalas lockelse – berättelser från marginalen
Authors: Strandell Harriet , Julkunen Ilse , Lamminen Katri
Published: October 2020

Marginaliseringsdiskursen har bitit sig fast i den offentliga debatten, men hur ser ungdomar som deﬁnierats som marginaliserade själva på sina liv? I denna artikel analyseras ungdomars egna berättelser utgående från hur de konstruerar sin identitet. Det är framför allt spänningen mellan normalbiograﬁ och problemidentitet vi tagit fasta på.
Introduktion till temanumret social omsorg i socialt arbete
Authors: Johansson Stina
Published: October 2020

Socionomprogrammen har sedan ett kvarts sekel en väl etablerad forskning i ämnet socialt arbete, medan de sociala omsorgsutbildningarna fram tills nyligen saknat en sådan forskningsanknytning. Det innebär inte att det inte forskats om omsorg, men forskningen har varit spridd på olika discipliner och/eller yrkesutbildningar. Den forskning som ﬁnns är som regel riktad mot den sociala omsorgens målgrupper, äldre och funktionshindrade. Det är emellertid inte säkert att dess fokus är det sociala arbetets/den sociala omsorgens.
Vetenskaplighetens dunkla subjektivitet Om en kunskapsöversikt från Socialstyrelsen
Authors: Topor Alain
Published: October 2020

Kraven på ett evidensbaserat socialt arbete har ofta hänvisat till det medicinska fältet, något som gör det intressant att undersöka hur Socialstyrelsen och svensk psykiatri tillämpar de egna kraven på evidens. En granskning av Socialstyrelsens kunskapsöversikt av »schizofrenin« visar att dessa krav används på ett subjektivt sätt, vilket förstärker en ensidig biomedicinsk syn på schizofreni.
Om kravet på oskuld. En studie av flickors respektive pojkars föreställningar
Authors: Ghadimi Mariet
Published: October 2020

Ungdomars attityder till sexualitet är ett återkommande tema inom sexualitetsforskningen. Generellt instämmer ungdomar med utländsk bakgrund i större utsträckning i så kallade »oskuldsnormer«, det vill säga normer som begränsar det föräktenskapliga sexuella handlingsutrymmet än ungdomar med svensk bakgrund. I denna artikel undersöks detta samband mer ingående samtidigt som det kontrolleras mot andra sociala bakgrundsfaktorer.
Barndomens placeringar och ungas tillbakablick
Authors: Andersson Gunvor
Published: October 2020

En grupp små barn med tidiga erfarenheter av samhällsvård har följts upp med jämna mellanrum under hela barndomen. Den här artikeln handlar om deras placeringshistoria samt om hur de i slutet av barndomen och som unga vuxna ser tillbaka på sina erfarenheter.
Erfarenheter av rasifiering hos adopterade och adoptivföräldrar. Om betydelsen av ett icke-vitt utseende i den svenska vardagen
Authors: Hübinette Tobias , Tigervall Carina
Published: October 2020

Denna artikel redovisar delar av en studie baserad på samtal med adopterade och adoptivföräldrar rörande deras erfarenheter av diskriminering utifrån ett annorlunda utseende. Materialet visar att de adopterades icke-vita kroppar hela tiden görs signifikanta i vardagen, vilket indikerar att ett icke-vitt utseende fortfarande tillskrivs en stor betydelse i ett samtida Sverige.
Debatt: Svaga argument gentemot Drontens dom – ett svar till Knut Sundell
Authors: Bergmark Anders , Lundström Tommy
Published: October 2020

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Debatt: Divergent perspectives on the Dodo bird? A comment to Mullen, Shuluk and Soydan
Authors: Bergmark Anders , Lundström Tommy
Published: October 2020

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Frikoppling, sammankoppling och besvärliga maktrelationer i socialt arbete
Authors: Laanemets Leili , Mattsson Tina , Nordling Vanna
Published: October 2020

Syftet i denna artikel är att med fokus på kön och etnicitet undersöka och problematisera kategorianvändning i praktiskt socialt arbete. Utgångspunkt tas i den kritiska teoritraditionen i socialt arbete, som betonar relationen mellan strukturell nivå och individnivå.
Expertis, sjukskrivning och mötet mellan normal och post-normal vetenskap
Authors: Eriksson Lena , Sager Morten , Staland-Nyman Carin , Hensing Gunnel
Published: October 2020

Läkares erfarenheter av otillräcklighet vid sjukskrivning är ett uttryck för två problem: Formatet för det försäkringsmedicinska beslutsstödet begränsar vilka aspekter av sin expertkunskap läkare kan förmedla till Försäkringskassan, och man tvingas hantera ett kunskapsobjekt utanför sin etablerade expertis. Nuvarande strategier behandlar symtomen på ett kunskapsteoretiskt glapp, snarare än att höja expertisen kring arbetsförmåga.
Nya avhandlingar: Hänsynstagandets paradoxer. Om äldre, närstående och biståndshandläggare vid flytt till särskilt boende
Authors: Söderberg Maria
Published: October 2020

Maria Söderberg, avhandling i socialt arbete, Lunds universitet, 2014.
Utblick: Jämlikhet och individanpassning – ett realistiskt ideal för den svenska äldreomsorgen?
Authors: Szebehely Marta
Published: October 2020

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”Du kan ju inte bli slagen av en tjej liksom” – en studie av män som utsatts för våld i nära relationer
Authors: Hellgren Louise , Andersson Hanna , Burcar Veronika
Published: October 2020

“You can’t be beaten by a girl, you know” – a study of men who have been subjected to domestic violence This article discusses how men who have been subjected to violence from women in close relationships talk about their experiences and present themselves. Thee article describes how the men’s representations interact with the discourse on domestic violence, which often conveys an image of men as perpetrators and women as victims. The men’s stories, collected through unstructured interviews and analysed using a narrative constructionist perspective, relate to representations of men, women, violence, and victimization. Men as victims of women’s violence is a relatively unexplored area; domestic violence has rather been highlighted by cases where women are victims and men perpetrators. The results of this study show that the men oppose full victimhood and distance themselves from a given victim role, while at the same time they want a victim status and a recognition of their experiences. The men also highlight double victimization by being victims of both women’s violence and society’s way of viewing their experiences as somewhat taboo
Våldsforskning om och med barn och ungdom – metodiska och empiriska utmaningar
Authors: Överlien Carolina
Published: October 2020

Research on and with children and adolescents exposed to violence – Methodological and empirical challengesIn recent years, the interest in including children and adolescents in research on violence and abuse has increased. According to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, children have the right to be heard in issues that concern them and their lives. However, this puts great demands on researchers and the projects they design. This article discusses challenges in shedding light on children’s experiences and including them as informants. The starting point for discussion is three research projects aimed, in different ways, at measuring or exploring the dynamics of children exposed to violence. Using these studies as a backdrop, three main questions are asked. What concepts are used to describe children’s experiences and why is the choice of concepts important? Do our surveys measure what we think we measure, and do our interviews capture what we want to capture if our aim is to explore and understand children’s lifeworld? What are some of the central ethical dilemmas researchers face when conducting research on children and violence? Finally, the importance and implications of these methodological and empirical challenges are discussed.