bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historically consistent mass loss projections of the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Rahlves Charlotte , Goelzer Heiko , Born Andreas , Langebroek Petra M.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet is presently a significant factor for global sea-level rise and is expected to increase under continued Arctic warming. As sea-level rise is threatening coastal communities worldwide, reducing uncertainties in projections of future sea-level contribution from the Greenland ice sheet is of high importance. In this study we determine sea-level contribution that can be expected from the ice sheet until 2100 by performing an ensemble of stand-alone ice sheet simulations with the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM). The ice sheet is initialized to resemble the presently observed geometry by calibrating basal friction parameters. We use forcing from various Earth System Models (ESMs), as well as from ERA5 reanalysis for initialization and investigate how this affects the simulated historical mass loss and the projected sea-level contribution until 2100. The observed historical mass loss is generally well reproduced by the ensemble, with a particularly close match with observations when using output from ERA5 reanalysis to force the initialization as well as the historical run. We examine a range of uncertainties, associated with stand-alone ice sheet modeling by prescribing forcing from various ESMs for three different emission scenarios. Atmospheric forcing is downscaled with the regional climate model MAR. Retreat of marine-terminating outlet-glaciers in response to ocean forcing and runoff from the ice sheet is represented by a retreat parameterization and its uncertainty is sampled by considering different sensitivities. Furthermore, we disentangle the relative importance of surface mass balance (SMB) and outlet-glacier retreat forcing, as well as of the SMB-height feedback, on the projected mass loss by performing dedicated single forcing experiments. While discharge from outlet-glaciers remains a substantial factor, the future evolution of the ice sheet is governed by mass loss due to changes in SMB. Assuming a medium sensitivity to outlet-glacier retreat forcing, by 2100, the projections yield a sea-level contribution of 32 to 69 mm under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, 44 to 119 mm under the SSP2-4.5 scenario and 74 to 228 mm under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. With a spread of 154 mm under the SSP5-8.5 scenario climate forcing constitutes the largest source of uncertainty for the projected sea-level contribution, while uncertainty in the retreat forcing account for a spread of 25 mm. We find differences in projected sea-level contribution due to the initial state of the ice sheet and grid resolution to be minor.
Riverine sediment response to deforestation in the Amazon basin
Authors: Narayanan Anuska , Cohen Sagy , Gardner John R.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Amazon experiences thousands of square kilometers of deforestation annually with recent rates increasing to levels unseen since the late 2000s. These increased rates of deforestation within the basin have led to changes in sediment concentration within its river systems, with potential impacts on ecological functioning, freshwater availability, and fluvial and coastal geomorphic processes. The relationship between deforestation and fluvial sediment dynamics in the Amazon has not been extensively studied using a basin-wide, comparative approach primarily due to lack of data. In this study, we utilize a novel remote-sensing-derived sediment concentration dataset to analyze the impact of deforestation from 2001 to 2020 on suspended sediment in large rivers (>50 m wide) across the Amazon River basin. These impacts are studied using a lag-based approach to quantify the spatiotemporal relationships between observed suspended sediment and changes in land cover over time. The results show that large-scale deforestation of the Amazon during the 2001–2020 period are associated with significant changes in sediment concentration in the eastern portion of the basin. In the heavily deforested eastern regions, the hydrogeomorphic response to deforestation occurs relatively rapidly (within a year), whereas the less disturbed western areas exhibit delays of 1 to 2 years before responses are observable. Moreover, we observe that deforestation must be substantial enough to overcome the collective influences of human activities and natural sediment variations to result in a discernible impact on sediment concentration in large rivers. In 69 % of Amazonian major tributary basins with an immediate response, more than 5 % of the basin was deforested during the 2001–2020 period, while in 85 % of basins with lagged responses, less than 5 % of the land was cleared. These findings suggest severe implications for future sediment dynamics across the Amazon if deforestation is to further expand into the basin.
Catchments do not strictly follow Budyko curves over multiple decades but deviations are minor and predictable
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad , Coenders-Gerrits Miriam , van der Ent Ruud , Hrachowitz Markus
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Quantification of precipitation partitioning into evaporation and runoff is crucial for predicting future water availability. Within the widely used Budyko Framework, which relates the long-term aridity index to the long-term evaporative index, curvilinear relationships between these indices (i.e., parametric Budyko curves) allow for the quantification of precipitation partitioning under prevailing climatic conditions. A movement along a Budyko curve with changes in the climatic conditions has been used as a predictor for catchment behaviour under change. However, various studies have reported deviations around these curves, which raises questions about the usefulness of the method for future predictions. To investigate whether parametric Budyko curves still have predictive power, we quantified the global, regional, and local evolution of deviations of catchments from their parametric Budyko curves over multiple subsequent 20-year periods throughout the last century, based on historical long-term water balance data from over 2000 river catchments worldwide. This process resulted in up to four 20-year distributions of annual deviations from the long-term mean parametric curve for each catchment. To use these distributions of deviations to predict future deviations, the temporal stability of these four distributions of deviations was evaluated between subsequent periods of time. On average, it was found that the majority of 62 % of study catchments did not significantly deviate  from their expected parametric Budyko curves. From the remaining 38 % of catchments that deviated from their expected curves, the long-term magnitude of median deviations remains minor, with 70 % of catchments falling within the range of ±0.025 of the expected evaporative index. Furthermore, a significant majority of catchments, constituting around the same percentage, were found to have stable distributions of deviations across multiple time periods, making them well-suited to statistically predict future deviations with high predictive power. These findings suggest that while trajectories of change in catchments do not strictly follow the expected long-term mean parametric Budyko curves, the deviations are minor and quantifiable. Consequently, taking into account these deviations, the parametric formulations of the Budyko Framework remain a valuable tool for predicting future evaporation and runoff under changing climatic conditions, within quantifiable margins of error.
From snow accumulation to snow depth distributions by quantifying meteoric ice fractions in the Weddell Sea
Authors: Arndt Stefanie , Maaß Nina , Rossmann Leonard , Nicolaus Marcel
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Year-round snow cover is a characteristic of the entire Antarctic sea ice cover, which has significant implications for the energy and mass budgets of sea ice, e.g., by preventing surface melt in summer and enhancing sea ice growth through extensive snow ice formation. However, substantial observational gaps in the seasonal cycle of Antarctic sea ice and its snow cover limit the understanding of important processes in the ice-covered Southern Ocean. They also introduce large uncertainties in satellite remote sensing applications and climate studies. Here we present results from 10 years of autonomous snow observations from Snow Buoys in the Weddell Sea. To distinguish between actual snow depth and potential snow ice thickness within the accumulated snowpack, a one-dimensional thermodynamic sea ice model is applied along the drift trajectories of the buoys. The results show that potential snow ice formation, with an average maximum thickness of 35 cm, was detected along 41 % of the total track length of the analyzed Snow Buoy tracks, which corresponds to about one-quarter of the snow accumulation. In addition, we simulate the evolution of internal snow properties along the drift trajectories with the more complex SNOWPACK model, which results in superimposed ice thicknesses between 0 and 14 cm on top of the snow ice layer. These estimates will provide an important reference dataset for both snow depth and meteoric ice rates in the Southern Ocean.
Dynamic Modelling and Response of a Power Cable connected to a Floating Wind Turbine
Authors: Verelst David Robert , Lund Rasmus Sode , Roques Jean-Philippe
Published: April 2024

Abstract. A power cable that connects a floating power plant to the grid is exposed to a dynamic environment that can pose challenging design conditions for the cable. This dynamic environment is caused by the movements of the floating substructure due to a combination of wind, wave and current forces. The power cable model needs to be able to account for its bending and axial stiffness, and hydrodynamic forcing. In this publication a catenary mooring/cable line element with bending stiffness is verified with a reference tool to assure the bending stiffness of a power cable is captured correctly. By using an existing parametric design model, a simple power cable design (in terms of overall cable length) is proposed for the IEA15MW turbine with UMaine floating substructure for a site with a water depth of 82 meter. A simple geometric method is proposed to initialize this complex lazy wave cable design in a dynamic and time domain simulation environment. The hydro-servo-aero-elastic wind turbine simulation environment HAWC2 is then used to establish an estimate of how much movements the combined system (turbine, floater, mooring lines, and power cable) experiences. This study discusses the necessary steps that are to be considered when including the dynamic power cable in the analysis and when adjusting a floating reference wind turbine design to a specific site with different water depth.
ON IMPROVING THE LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF FALSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE AND INTELLIGENCE, COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE MATERIAL
Authors: Elena V. Mitskaya , Botabek E. Imashev , Atabek A. Amantayev
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on the analysis of Article 416 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on falsification of evidence and operational-search, counter-intelligence materials on the fact that this article has insufficient definition and does not cover all illegal actions with evidence and operational-search, counter-intelligence materials. Actions such as destruction, concealment and seizure are not less dangerous than falsification. However, these actions have not been criminalised yet. While there are examples of foreign states (Latvia, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Canada, Sweden, India), which enshrine in their criminal legislation different ways of committing illegal actions in respect of evidence, such positive experience should not be overlooked. Under part 4 of Article 416 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan there is a certain inconsistency with the criminal procedural legislation in terms of establishing a narrow range of persons in the disposition of this norm who are liable for falsification of evidence in criminal proceedings. This creates problems in criminal law assessment of unlawful actions with evidence and limits possibilities of the criminal law to bring to responsibility for such actions a wide range of persons who simply are not listed in the disposition of clause 416 part 4 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The mentioned problems reduce efficiency of prevention of falsification of evidence and operative-search, counter-intelligence materials as a highly latent crime. In order to eliminate this, amendments to the current version of article 416 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan are proposed.
SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE USE OF TERMS AND PHRASES
Authors: Sholan Beken Ahmetollauly
Published: April 2024

Since our country entered the twenty-first century, new words related to the accelerated development of the economy, politics, finance, science, technology and other industries have entered and become widely used in our daily life. In addition, thanks to independence, the Republic of Kazakhstan has established close ties with advanced states through the conclusion of contracts, agreements, contracts, and the progressive step towards a market economy has introduced many innovations. Thanks to this, hundreds of terms and phrases have also undergone significant changes. World civilization and scientific progress are developing very rapidly and have a significant impact on language and culture, art and literature, and other spheres of the state. In this regard, the article focuses on some topical issues, mainly related to the language, especially the quality of the translation language. Many legislative acts state that obsolete words and phrases are used along with new ones, although terms that have been used in different ways, or, depending on the passage of time, fall out of everyday use. The point is that the relevant state bodies face urgent and large-scale tasks, in particular, it is necessary to take a bold step towards the development and discussion of draft legislative acts in the state language, as well as to improve the quality of translation of legal texts. The most effective ways to achieve this are suggested. The article notes that when amendments and additions are made to legislative acts, the translation of new versions of terms and words has become differentiated and gradually adjusted, and this trend will continue. The author lists them, noting that there are all prerequisites for this, which should be paid close attention to by the relevant authorities and responsible persons and get down to business.
THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN ON THE STATE YOUTH POLICY: ANALYSIS, PROBLEMS AND IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Ramazan Kumarbekovich Sarpekov
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the legislative foundations of the state youth policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter – GMP), which are the most important component of the system of measures aimed at the participation of young people in state decision-making and further development of the country, as well as the moral, cultural, professional, spiritual, educational, political and physical development of young people. The article analyzes the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On State Youth Policy» (hereinafter – the Law). Based on its results, legal problems are identified and ways to solve them are proposed. It is noted that further improvement of the legal regulation of GMP is associated with a more active representation of young people in local authorities. It is proposed to divide the quotas of young people from the quotas of women at the legislative level. Attention is drawn to the expediency of amending this Law, in terms of legalizing as a principle of GMP - ensuring the representation of young people in political parties. It is proposed to define the concept of «youth representation» as a numerical goal established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan (minimum or maximum) of youth participation in socio-political activities, including the activities of political parties, elections. It is also proposed to amend the Law to coordinate it with the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On Volunteer Activity», regarding the definition of the concept of «volunteer activit».
RETURNING TO THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION OF SENIOR RESEARCHER D.M. SHYNGYSBAEVA «ON THE UNIFORMITY OF LEGAL TERMS»
Authors: Zhanatuganova Aigul Altaybayevna
Published: April 2024

This article analyzes the article of D.M. Chingizbaeva «Оn the uniformity of legal terms» published in the Bulletin of the Institute of legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 4 (32) of 2013. About 10 years after the publication of the article, the uniformity of legal terms remains one of the most pressing issues. In addition, the author noted that the main requirement for strengthening the rule of law and order today is the correct translation, the correct use of terms in the laws translated into Kazakh. It was also noted that the increase in activity in the use of legal terms in Kazakh is also due to changes in the legislative system. The author of the article, D.M. Chingizbaeva, noted that any law is created with the help of legal terms, therefore they must be consistent, but to this day it is often found in legislation that the same term is given in different versions. As evidence, the author gives examples from the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the dictionary of Kazakh-Russian and Russian-Kazakh legal terms. During the study, D.M. Chingizbaeva noted that since independence, as the Kazakh language develops, the field of use of legal terms is also developing. In conclusion, he emphasizes that due to the fact that some terms can be obtained in different ways, both in laws and in official documents, the goal should not be to list existing terms, but to strive for unification, guided by broad experience.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR DELEGATED LEGISLATION
Authors: Leila Zhanuzakova
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the institution of delegated legislation. Despite the presence of a large number of publications on this issue in the scientific literature of the neighboring countries, this institution has practically not been studied by domestic scientists. The relevance of this topic is due to the introduction in 2022 into the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan of a norm on the right of the Government to issue temporary resolutions having the force of law, in the presence of threats, provided for in paragraph 2 of Art. 62, with the simultaneous introduction of a draft law in Parliament. Although this norm is a novelty, our country has experience of delegated lawmaking. It was successfully applied during 1995, after the dissolution of the Supreme Council of the XIII convocation, although the Constitution of the Republic of January 28, 1993 recognized the Supreme Council as the sole legislative body. However, before his self-dissolution, on December 10, 1993, he adopted a special Law that granted the President temporary legislative powers. The head of state issued during that period a number of decrees having the force of constitutional or customary law. Later, the right of the President to issue legislative acts was enshrined in the national Constitution of 1995. However, he no longer used this right. The study of foreign legislation shows that the delegation of legislative powers by the parliament to the highest executive body is mainly carried out by adopting a special regulatory legal act with the consolidation of the powers of parliamentary control in relation to such acts. The constitutional legislation of Kazakhstan in this part suffers from certain shortcomings and needs to be improved.
ISSUES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ELECTORAL LAW IN TERMS OF MODERNIZATION OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Kairat Rahimovish Balabiyev , Aigul Kuanyshevna Kurmanova
Published: April 2024

The article examines some issues of the implementation of the principles of electoral law and modernization of the Kazakh legislation in this area. The purpose of this work is to analyze the problems of the content and implementation of election legislation, as well as to determine effective ways to improve it based on the study of the fundamental principles of the electoral process. The relevance of the topic is justified by the social and political value of the right to vote for society and the country in the light of its recognition as a necessary factor in the development of democracy in the state. The implementation of systematic and statistical methods is relevant to achieve the goal of the work, supporting the reasoning with practical data. The article examines the content of the principles of electoral law and issues of practical implementation, taking into account their features. The compliance of the principles of electoral law enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan with international standards and obligations of the state is indisputable. The article raises the problem of their interpretation and observance in the process of election campaigns. Recommendations on improving the electoral process in the state are being considered. In particular, special attention is paid to the stages of registration and implementation of election activities by candidates, as well as the issue of accreditation of observers. In addition, the article says that the possible inequality among the candidates may lead to difficulties in applying the capabilities of the media, namely, an unlimited number of paid speeches. With regard to the activities of political parties in the process under study, the dynamics of the distribution of votes and mandates shows the presence and preservation of multiparty system in the legislative body of the state. It is necessary to improve legislative activities to increase the number of mandates for each political party in order to reduce the monopoly of one political party over the others. The paper analyzes the conduct of elections for various historical periods, including recent ones.
Government and Commercial Interests in Genomics: Improving Data Security and Regulation
Authors: Smith Marcus , Bernot Ausma
Published: April 2024

The relationship between new technologies and security is well established in the fields of defence, law enforcement, communications and public health. This has been highlighted by recent public debate about the security implications of data held by companies operating in social media and information technology (such as TikTok and Huawei). While genomic technology had been less high profile in the context of security, this changed following the COVID-19 pandemic, which focused attention on the significant implications of this form of data. This article discusses commercial genomic technology, related government interests and the growing implications for data security and regulation, such as through the example of the Beijing Genomics Institute, a large company providing genomic testing services to consumers worldwide. We suggest that commercial genomic data has growing implications for countries such as the United States and Australia and argue for greater attention to be directed to this form of technology and associated data security and regulation, including security assessment to address the risks associated with international transfer via corporate entities.
Constitution and Jurisdiction in Neal Stephenson’s Speculative Fiction
Authors: Crawford Steve
Published: April 2024

A common feature of Neal Stephenson’s speculative fiction is the richly imagined political communities inhabited by his characters. Geographically defined constitutional states are reimagined, often with a focus on associations based on shared social identity or beliefs, as opposed to nation-state citizenship. Stephenson’s works offer an imaginative space for exploring possibilities of alternative political communities, and questions of constitution and jurisdiction. Modern territorially sovereign nation-states have presented constitutional scholars with a fixed framework. People sharing physical space constitute a political association stemming from a moment of legal constitution. Thus constituted, the nation-state authorises governmental entities to oversee the populace within the shared geographical space. Stephenson’s rich imagination offers constitutional scholarship an imaginary for exploring alternative conceptualisations of constitution and jurisdiction. This article proposes that recovery of medieval conceptualisations of overlapping networked jurisdictions might aid in sensemaking of models of political communities beyond the territorially sovereign nation-state.
“Splendid Failures”: Inclination, Slow Regicide, and Performative Critique
Authors: Edmeads Luke
Published: April 2024

This paper focuses on Honig’s critical reworking of the concept of inclination and her concept of “slow regicide”. With “slow regicide” Honig describes a performative critique of the violence of the patriarchal order. However, what Honig underestimates, I argue, is that this intervention must itself be non-violent if it is not to reinstate patriarchal violence.
My suggestion is that paying closer attention to the performativity of inclination shows how “slow regicide” enables a non-violent refusal in which the normativity of patriarchy is frustrated and fails.
On Arcs, Arrows, and Eating with One’s Hands as if There’s No Tomorrow: Some Notes on Bonnie Honig’s A Feminist Theory of Refusal
Authors: Schoonheim Liesbeth
Published: April 2024

In this essay, I explore some key notions in Bonnie Honig's A Feminist Theory of Refusal. Juxtaposing her speculative reading of Euripides' Bacchae to Ursula K Le Guin's essay on the 'Carrier Bag Theory of Storytelling,' I argue that the women in the tragedy can be considered neither as imitating masculine, violent hunter-heroes, nor as surreptiously embodying feminine, caring gatherer-mothers. Following their refusal to care and to think about tomorrow, I conclude by suggesting that a critical fabulation of the women's acts of refusal should steer clear from expecting them to inspire us, as contemporary feminists.
Mimesis, Alteration and Interruption. Bartleby, Antigone and a Feminist Politics
Authors: Castillo Alejandra
Published: April 2024

The article is proposed as a reading of A Feminist Theory of Refusal (2021), by Bonnie Honig. Under the assumption that Honig has the merit of introducing into feminist political theory a thought of rejection patiently elaborated from a commentary on literary figures such as Antigone and Bartleby, the article interrogates the logic of resistance that these figurations of negativity advance. From the perspective  of A Feminist Theory of Refusal, the names of Antigone and Bartleby are not only subjective indications of the interruption of a domain, but above all they are agonistic figurations of a politics that has the dispute of meaning as one of its main axes. In other words, the politics of rejection that Honig proposes is at the same time an agonal politics that is organized around the meaning of words, of the narratives that structure the commonality of a social order. Following this line of reading, the essay sets out to interrogate the politics of rejection elaborated by Honig from the figurations that embody it.
Expansão do Ensino a Distância: a Universidade Pitágoras Unopar sob a lógica da financeirização
Authors: Santos Maria Caroline Cavalcante dos , Ribeiro Maria Edilene da Silva
Published: April 2024

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar a expansão do Ensino Superior a distância da Universidade Pitágoras Unopar sob a lógica da financeirização. A metodologia adotada parte do levantamento bibliográfico, com abordagem qualitativa e análise documental. Os resultados evidenciam que a Universidade Pitágoras Unopar possui grande participação no Ensino a Distância (EaD) no Brasil, representando, aproximadamente, 12% entre as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) públicas e privadas, e 13,41% entre as IES privadas no ano de 2020. Identificou-se que a predominância de matrículas na modalidade EaD influenciou a Kroton/Cogna a criar, nos anos de 2019 e 2020, oito faculdades com a marca Unopar, além de criar marketing com plataformas digitais, com o objetivo de fortalecer o mercado EaD, evidenciando que a Educação Superior via EaD está se expandindo de forma mercantilizada na lógica da financeirização do capital.
Professional quality of life and organizational support: a survey of physical therapists with experience as clinical instructors
Authors: Mierau Andrea
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the professional quality of life (ProQoL) of physical therapists (PTs) with experience as a clinical instructor and identify factors associated with compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and survey methodology. Participants were clinician PTs who have been clinical instructors, and completed an online survey that included the ProQoL scale, the eight-item Survey of Perceived Organizational Support, and demographics.
Results: Of the 259 participants who completed the survey, the majority experienced average to high levels of compassion satisfaction and low levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Chi-square tests of independence indicated high ratings of compassion satisfaction were associated with the uppermost years licensed as a PT, years of clinical teaching experience, and age. Participants aged 26–35 or with less than 5 years of clinical instruction experience correlated with low ratings of compassion satisfaction. Participants with more than 25 years of experience as PTs correlated with low ratings of burnout. High levels of compassion satisfaction were associated with high levels of perceived organizational support.
Conclusion: Findings may assist clinical sites and site coordinators of clinical education in selecting and training clinical instructors.
The Nexus between Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Growth In Nigeria
Authors: C. L. Tevin-Anyali , T. O. Callistus , C. M. Okaforocha
Published: April 2024

The study examined the impact of infrastructure development on agricultural growth in Nigeria during the period 1990-2022. Key variables examined include public capital expenditure on economic services (PCEES), employment in agriculture (EMPA), research and development (RD), domestic credit to the private sector (DCPS), and agricultural output. Statistical analysis using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique was employed, along with the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test to ensure the stationarity of the time series data, and the Johansen cointegration test to assess the long-run relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Our results show that all variables, except research and development, were stationary at first difference. The Johansen cointegration test conclusively demonstrated the existence of a long-run relationship in two cointegrating equations. Furthermore, the results from the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique reveal that public capital expenditure on economic services, domestic credit to private sectors, and research and development were found to have a positive correlation with agricultural output in Nigeria. Conversely, employment in agriculture (EMA) was identified as having a negative effect on agricultural output in the country. The study recommends increasing investment in public capital expenditures on economic services. Moreover, establishing research institutes focused on agriculture in each state can provide valuable insights and solutions to boost the sector's productivity.
Social Media Marketing and Customer Patronage of Fast Food Business in Calabar Metropolis
Authors: A. Christian , A. M. Joseph , E. A. Samson
Published: April 2024

The study examines social media marketing and consumer patronage of fast food in Calabar Metropolis. It was aimed at finding out if Facebook marketing, Twitter marketing, Instagram marketing, YouTube marketing and WhatsApp have any influence on consumer patronage of fast food in Calabar Metropolis. To achieve these objectives, the research made use of the survey research design, with a sample population of 200 respondents chosen through the judgmental sampling technique. The data collected were presented in a table using simple percentages and analysed by the use of a simple regression model. Based on the analysis, the study found that there is no significant relationship between Facebook marketing and consumer patronage of fast foods in Calabar Metropolis; also, there is no significant relationship between Instagram marketing and consumer patronage of fast foods in Calabar Metropolis; that there is significant relationship between YouTube marketing and consumer patronage of fast foods in Calabar Metropolis; specifically, that there is significant relationship between WhatsApp marketing and consumer patronage of fast foods in Calabar Metropolis. In light of the above, the study recommended that Fast food joint should conceptualise their social media page to it wider audience so as to gain more patronage.
The Effect of SNS Beauty Information Quality on Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention
Authors: Kwon So-Hyeong , Park Eun-Jun
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data to understand SNS satisfaction and behavioral intentions by applying SNS beauty information quality and to seek SNS marketing strategies that can attract consumer satisfaction based on this. For the empirical survey according to the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted on adults using SNS, and the final 273 copies were used as the final analysis data. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS 22.0, and the collected data were subjected to frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that SNS beauty information quality affects satisfaction and behavioral intention, and specifically, information provision, usefulness, reliability, and up-to-date should be noted, and consumers are expected to have a positive effect when trendy and reliable information is useful to consumers. These findings are expected to help attract efficient customers to revitalize the beauty industry by providing important information to understand the behavior of recent SNS consumers, and in subsequent studies, various factors of SNS beauty information quality that affect the satisfaction and behavioral intentions of diversified SNS users are expected to be conducted.
A Study on the Preference of Aroma Essential Oil for Cypress Mixed Aroma: around Gwang-ju Metropolitan City
Authors: Kim Hye-Rim , Lee Jung-Hee
Published: April 2024

This study will identify the scent preference of cypress essential oil, which is widely planted in the southern region to develop tourism products in Gwangju Metropolitan City, and will be provided as basic data for the development of the tourism industry. The subjects of the study were collected from physically healthy people among adults aged 20 or older among Gwangju Metropolitan City residents, and a survey was conducted from October 06, 2023, to October 26, 2023. In the fragrance preference survey of aroma essential oils, ‘No.1(Lemon)’ (M=3.88) was the highest overall in single fragrance, followed by ‘No.6(Jasmine)’ (M=3.26), ‘No.5(Geranium) (M=3.25), ‘No.3(Lavender)’ (M=2.83), ‘No.7(Hinoki)’ (M=2.74), and ‘No.2(Roman)’ (M=2.26). In addition, ‘No.1’ (M=3.32) was the highest overall mixed scent, followed by ‘No.3’ (M=3.25), ‘No.6’ (M=3.15), ‘No.5’ (M=3.13), ‘No.2’ (M=3.07) and ‘No.4’ (M=2.96) with an average of 3.15 points. In addition, there was a significant difference depending on gender between No. 5 and No. 6. Through these results, supplementary research is expected to be needed through an expansion study that increased the number of samples of gender and residential areas of survey subjects in the future to provide basic data on tourism product development using aroma essential oil scent preference surveys.
Relationship between Customer Satisfaction, Customer Trust, and Loyalty of Beauty Salon Consumers
Authors: Cho Hye-Mi , Park Eun-Jun
Published: April 2024

With the improvement of modern standards and the development of science and technology, the quality of life of consumers is improving and the importance of customer service is being emphasized, and consumers are demanding higher quality services than the price compared to the investment cost. Therefore, this study improved service quality for consumers and studied the relationship between customer satisfaction, customer trust, and loyalty. A total of 500 handwritten questionnaires were distributed to adult men and women and analyzed through SPSS 22.0 program to determine the relationship between customer satisfaction, customer trust, and loyalty of beauty salon consumers. The data and analysis methods are as follows. Frequency analysis was conducted to find out the general information of the survey subjects, factor analysis (principal component analysis, Verimex) and reliability analysis were conducted to determine the validity and reliability of each variable, the impact of customer satisfaction on customer trust and loyalty, and customer Regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of trust on loyalty. Through this study, the will to study ways to improve service quality and to accumulate and provide data that can be applied in practice was revealed.
The Antioxidant and Whitening Effect of Miracle Fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) Seed and Leaf Methanol Extracts
Authors: Shao Qi , Lee Ji-An
Published: April 2024

The seed and leaf 70% methanol extracts of miracle fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) were investigated for its whitening activity for application as a functional ingredient in cosmetic products. At the leaf extract concentration of 100 mg/ml, the DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be 94.58%, the ABTS+ radical scavenging activity was 36.62%. The total polyphenolic content of seed and leaf extract was 18.76 mgGAE/g, 71.42 mgGAE/g, respectively. The seed and leaf extracts reduced both tyrosinase activity and L-DOPA oxidation in a concentration-dependent manner. In B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, leaf extract inhibited 30% of melanin synthesis at 100 mg/ml. Miracle fruit seed and leaf extracts also inhibited the expression of melanogenesis genes such as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1. Moreover, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of the extract showed that the mRNA expression of MITF, tyrosinase, and TRP-1 was decreased. The data suggested a protective role for the Synsepalum dulcificum seed and leaf extracts against melanogenesis.
Effect of Self-nail Purchase Motivation on Self-efficacy and Satisfaction
Authors: Kim Jeong-A , Oh Su-Yeon
Published: April 2024

The subjects of the study were women who practice self-nail care in the Gyeongnam region. The motivation factors for self-nail purchase were in the order of individual soccer motivation, social life motivation, and mood diversion motivation, and were derived as factors of self-efficacy and satisfaction. All self-nail factors were found to have a significant effect on self-efficacy, and self-efficacy was found to have a significant effect on satisfaction. In addition, self-nail purchase motivation was found to have a significant effect on satisfaction. Self-efficacy had a mediating effect on self-nail purchase motivation and satisfaction. These results show that there is a very close relationship between self-efficacy and satisfaction in self-nail care behavior. Self-nail purchase motivation should be studied more broadly on the interrelationship between self-efficacy and satisfaction, and product companies or trend product development companies that show direct and indirect influence on the importance, interest, interest, and attractiveness of self-nail nails to consumers. Beauty-related companies need efficient management and marketing strategies for the increasing number of self-nail consumers.
Effects of Trichosanthis Radix Extract on Collagen Production
Authors: Yun Mi-Young , Kim Hye-Won
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted to study the effects of Trichosanthis Radix water extract (TR-W) and Trichosanthis Radix 60% ethanol extract (TR-E) on collagen production. As a result of conducting a cytotoxicity experiment on HDFn cells and RAW 264.7 cells, the experiment was conducted at a concentration of TR-W and TR-E at 100 mg/ml, which does not significantly affect the survival rate in HDF and RAW 264.7 cells. The effect on collagen synthesis ability showed an increase of 52% for the positive control group L-AA (vitamin C) 52% for TR-W 25% and TR-E 36% at 100 mg/ml proving its effect on collagen synthesis ability. In terms of inhibition of MMP-1 expression related to collagen damage L-AA (vitamin C) a positive control group, showed an inhibitory effect of 54%, and TR-W and TR-E showed an inhibitory effect of 72% and 68% at 100 mg/ml, thereby inhibiting collagen decomposition enzyme. MMP-1 was stably inhibited. Compared to Control, the free radical scavenging activity of L-AA (vitamin C) a positive control group, showed a scavenging activity of 108.4%, and in TR-W and TR-E, it showed an inhibitory effect of 93.4% and 98.2% at 100 mg/ml. In NO related to inflammation, showed an anti-inflammatory effect of 67.4% and 50.2% at a concentration of 100 mg/ml of TR-W and TR-E compared to the control group, which is expected to have a positive effect on collagen production due to inflammation. This study The results are judged to have the highest utility value as a functional cosmetic material considering the stability of the skin in the future.
Design and Economic Analysis of a Solar Thermal Pre-Cooling System for Agro-Cold Chain in Lesotho
Authors: Yengane Mpho , Mokeke Sebota , Mpholo Moeketsi
Published: April 2024

The agricultural sector in Lesotho grapples with significant challenges regarding post-harvest losses. Given that 40% of all agricultural products require cold storage, food quality is compromised due to lack of cold storage to extract the heat from exposure to high field temperatures after harvest. This research proposes a solar thermal cooling system tailored to the specific needs of preserving fresh agricultural produce, leveraging Lesotho’s abundant solar energy resources. Through TRNSYS simulation and MATLAB economic analysis, optimal system parameters are determined, ensuring both technical efficiency and financial viability.
The outcomes indicate that the proposed absorption solar thermal cooling system, incorporating evacuated tube collectors and an auxiliary boiler, effectively manages a cooling load of 7.318 kW, preserving fresh vegetables at 6.1°C. The optimized design features a chiller with a Coefficient of Performance of 0.8, a collector area of 12 m², and a hot storage volume of 0.2 m³, maximizing solar energy utilization. Importantly, economic metrics such as Levelized Cost of Energy ($0.085/kWh), Net Present Value ($9,200), Discounted Payback Period (12 years), and Savings to Investment Ratio (achieving 1 in year 13) demonstrate the financial feasibility and profitability of the system.
These findings underscore the potential of solar thermal cooling as a promising investment option for addressing refrigeration needs in Lesotho, offering a sustainable solution to mitigate post-harvest losses and enhance economic performance in the agricultural sector.
Homicide in Australia 2022–23
Authors: Miles Hannah , Bricknell Samantha
Published: April 2024

The National Homicide Monitoring Program is Australia’s only national data collection on homicide incidents, victims and offenders. This report describes 232 homicide incidents recorded by Australian state and territory police between 1 July 2022 and 30 June 2023. During this 12-month period there were 247 victims of homicide and 260 identified offenders.
A Systematic Literature Review of Current Studies on Comparison Between the CEFR and CSE
Authors: Shi Lijun , Ahmad Tuan Sarifah Aini Syed , Hussin Anealka Aziz
Published: April 2024

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is widely used in the area of learners’ proficiency assessments, curriculum design and learning material development all around the world. To better facilitate the language teaching, learning and assessment, the Ministry of Education in the People’s Republic of China launched the development of China’s Standards of English Language Ability (CSE) in 2014. Then, in 2018, a unified English language ability framework, the CSE was developed. This study aims to examine the differences of current studies on the CEFR and CSE in terms of alignment, target audience and language, application on education, and the most frequently used methodologies. The method used is the systematic literature review (SLR). Through this method, ten articles were obtained from different databases. Based on the analysis, the findings are as follows. First, the majority of studies were in terms of the alignment between the two frameworks from the perspective of listening, reading, writing and other skills. The second largest number of studies on the comparison of the two frameworks focused on the general comparison between them. Additionally, there was only one study related to the application of CEFR and CSE in education. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that most of current studies on the comparison between the CEFR and CSE centre on the alignment and general comparison, few studies were conducted to compare the descriptors of the four English language skills. Hence, future studies should focus more on the comparison of listening, speaking, reading and writing descriptors.
The Impact of Ambivalence on Persuasion: A Preliminary Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Jie
Published: April 2024

This study is the first meta-analysis on the relationship between ambivalence and persuasive outcomes in communication. The meta-analysis included 22 studies with 51 effect sizes based on 14,173 (68–1,604) participants. When all the persuasive outcomes were considered together, ambivalence had a significant but small negative overall impact, r = -0.134, 95% CI [-0.192, -0.076], k = 33, z = -4.471, p < 0.001. Specifically, ambivalence had a small influence on attitude and intention. Its impact on perception and behavior were less pronounced. There was significant heterogeneity across effect sizes in overall persuasion, as well as specific persuasive outcomes. The ambivalence targeting behavior had a stronger influence on attitude than did ambivalence targeting other objects. Methodology significantly moderated the magnitude connecting ambivalence and behavioral intention, studies using experiments yielded greater sizes compared to those using surveys. With respect to context, the influence of ambivalence on attitude was stronger in advertising and health communication, compared to political communication. Studies in advertising yielded significantly greater effect sizes on behavioral intention compared to those in health communication. This study suggests that the implication of ambivalence in communication is likely a complicated and nuanced matter. Limitations and future research have also been outlined.
Executive Summary of the Report Unleashing Potential. The Burdens of Occupational Licensing and How It Can Be Reformed in Puerto Rico
Authors: Carrion-Tavarez Angel , Carpenter II Dick M. , Timmons Edward J.
Published: April 2024

This is an executive summary of the policy report Unleashing Potential. The Burdens of Occupational Licensing and How It Can Be Reformed in Puerto Rico. It presents a diagnosis of the dysfunctions of occupational licenses, with an emphasis on service quality, labor force participation, personal mobility, restrictions for individuals with criminal backgrounds, and public well-being. Occupational licenses in Puerto Rico and their requirements are discussed, with comparisons made to licenses in the United States. Additionally, reforms implemented in various states and the District of Columbia are considered, and five key elements are proposed for occupational regulation reform in Puerto Rico: the elimination of occupational licenses, the adoption of universal recognition, the easing of restrictions based on criminal backgrounds, and the establishment of sunrise reviews and sunset reviews.