bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AHP Yöntemi ile Dinamik Müfredat Geliştirme: OSTİM Teknik Üniversitesi Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri Bölümünde Bir Uygulama
Authors: BAYRAK Rıza , FİDANBOY Cemalettin Öcal , GÜLHAN Ozan , UÇUCU Ali
Published: December 2021

Teknolojide, yönetim biçimlerinde ve iletişim imkanlarında yaşanan olağanüstü gelişmeler; sektör yöneticilerinin, öğrencilerin ve akademisyenlerin bir üniversite müfredatından beklentilerini önemli ölçüde değiştirmiştir. Günümüzün iş dünyası ve akademisyenleri; yönetim bilişim sistemleri bölümü öğrencilerinin çalışmak istediği sektörü anlayan, kendi amaçlarını ve beklentilerini tanıyan, teknolojideki anlık değişimler açısından kendisini sürekli güncelleyebilen, sosyal ve iletişim becerileri yüksek mezunlar olmalarını beklemektedir. Bunun gerçekleşebilmesi için; öğrencilerin öğrenim gördükleri süre içinde, kendilerini tanımalarına imkân veren, akademisyenlerin öğrencinin akademik gelişimini dinamik olarak izleyebildiği, sektörün öğrenciyi kendi ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda şekillendirebildiği bilimsel ve dinamik müfredat sistemlerine ihtiyaç vardır. Bu uygulamalı araştırmada; OSTİM Teknik Üniversitesi Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri Bölümü esas alınarak, AHP yöntemi ile dinamik bir müfredatın nasıl oluşturulabileceği tartışılmıştır. Araştırmanın; üniversitelerin yönetim bilişim sistemleri bölümleri başta olmak üzere, tüm yükseköğretim kurumları kapsamında yapılan müfredat iyileştirme çalışmalarına katkı sağlaması amaçlanmıştır.
On formation of padder syndrome
Authors: Morozov A. M. , Ilkaeva V. N. , Zhukov S. V. , Dadabaev V. K. , Belyak M. A.
Published: December 2021

Edematous syndrome is most common among patients of older age groups and indicates pathology on the part of such organ systems as cardiovascular, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, lymphatic, endocrine. The causes of edema are diverse, and the tactics of further management due to incorrect justification can lead to serious consequences.

The purpose of this study. To study the prevalence and differential diagnostic features of edematous syndrome based on the analysis of current scientific publications containing information on this topic.

Results. The development of edematous syndrome is caused by a number of factors, the main of which are: hydrodynamic factor, osmotic factor, oncotic pressure, membranogenic factor. Despite the fact that edematous syndrome is associated with many diseases, it has specific differential diagnostic signs for each pathology.

Conclusions. Edema is a visible objective symptom and is a root cause factor of various diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, thrombophlebitis, filariasis, cirrhosis, chronic heart failure, shock, allergic, inflammatory conditions and many others. However, with the help of specific clinical features of the symptoms of this syndrome, it is possible to make a differential diagnosis and determine the underlying disease that led to the formation of edematous syndrome.
BİR EPİK KAHRAMAN: MANAS’IN YOLDAŞI ALMAMBET
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Serdar
Published: December 2021

Toplumların kimlik ve aidiyet bilinci kazanmasında önemli işlevler üstlenen
kaynaklardan biri de destanlardır. Kahramanlık çağının değerlerini temsil eden olağanüstü
bahadırların düşmanlarıyla giriştiği mücadeleleri esas alan destanlar, esasen milletlerin sözlü
tarihlerini, kültürel yapılarını yansıtması bakımından son derece önemlidir. Türk destancılık
geleneğinin başat anlatılarından Manas destanı da Kırgız Türklerinin kültürel kimliğini
şekillendiren en önemli kültür hazinesidir. Söz konusu destan, tip ve motif zenginliği bakımından
da dikkati çekmektedir. Özellikle kahraman Manas’ın epik macerasında onunla birlikte
mücadele eden kırk yiğit, kahraman için vazgeçilmez bir değere sahiptir. Her biri farklı
hususiyete sahip kırk yiğit arasında, merkezî kahraman Manas’ın en yakınlarından biri olan
Almambet'in önemli yeri bulunmaktadır. Destanda tıpkı Manas gibi, biyografisine yer verilen
kahramanlardan biri olan Almambet gerek sahip olduğu üstün vasıfları gerekse epik hikâyedeki
rolü bakımından destanın önde gelen figürlerinden birini teşkil etmektedir. Destanın çeşitli
varyantlarında Almambet’in epizodu yer almaktadır. Bu epizot, destanın İslam idealini
vurgulayan önemli epizotlardan biri kabul edilmektedir. Zira Almambet, İslamiyet için kendi
yurdunu terk etmektedir. Bu çalışmada destanın merkezî kahramanı Manas’ın en önemli yoldaşı
Almambet'in kimliği, özellikleri ve destandaki rolü üzerinde durulacaktır. Destanın bütün
varyantlarında karşımıza çıkan Almambet'in kimliği ve tipolojik özelliklerinin tespit edilmesi, tarihî
ve destani şahsiyetinin incelenmesi, destan kahramanlarının tipolojik özelliklerini esas alan
araştırmalara önemli bilgiler sağlayacaktır.
30 AĞUSTOS ZAFERİNİN İLK RESMİ TÖRENİ VE CUMHURİYETİN İLK ON YILINDA BÜYÜK ZAFERİN YILDÖNÜMLERİ: İSTANBUL ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GÖK Hacı Veli
Published: December 2021

30 Ağustos 1922’de Gazi Mustafa Kemal Paşa liderliğinde, Türk ulusunun ve
ordusunun üstün çaba ve inancıyla Başkomutanlık Meydan Muharebesi kazanılmıştır. Bu
savaş, Türk milletinin bağımsızlığına gem vurmaya kalkışan güçlerin topyekûn vatan
topraklarından çıkarılması ile sonuçlanan bir zafer olarak tarihe geçmiştir. 26 Ağustos günü
verilen taarruz emri sırasında Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın yanında Genel Kurmay Başkanı Fevzi
Paşa ve Batı Cephesi Kumandanı İsmet Paşa da bulunmaktadır. Taarruzun ilk gününde Türk
ordusu hızlı bir ilerleyişle on beş kilometrelik bir alanı geçerek Yunan ordusunun birinci hat
mevziini ele geçirmiştir. 28 ve 29 Ağustos’ta düşman ordusunun beşinci tümeni tamamen
çevrilmiştir. Bunun üzerine durum değerlendirmesi yapan Mustafa Kemal Paşa ve kurmayları
savaşın hızlı bir şekilde sonlandırılması gerektiği kararını almışlardır. Bu istikamette yapılan
plan doğrultusunda 30 Ağustos günü gerçekleştirilen Türk taarruzu neticesinde, muharebe Türk
ordusunun kesin zaferi ile neticelenmiştir. Şüphesiz ki, ulusların tarihlerinde dönüm noktası olan
böylesi şanlı zaferlerin gelecek nesillere armağan olarak bırakılması elzemdir. Bu bağlamda
Türk tarihinin dönüm noktalarından birisini teşkil eden Başkomutanlık Meydan Muharebesinin
kati olarak zaferle sonuçlandığı 30 Ağustos gününü anma etkinlikleri ile alakalı ilk resmi tören
1924 yılında bizzat Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın katılımlarıyla Dumlupınar/Çal Köyü’nde yapılmıştır.
1926’ya gelindiğinde ise 30 Ağustos Zaferinin milli bayram olarak kutlanmasına karar verilmiştir.
Bu süreç günümüze kadar kesintisiz devam etmektedir.
DEĞER DEĞİŞİMİNİ ETKİLEYEN BİR FAKTÖR OLARAK ÜNİVERSİTE EĞİTİMİ
Authors: KURTDAŞ Emine Meliha
Published: December 2021

Bireylere yol göstererek, tutum ve davranışlarına kaynaklık eden değerler, aynı
zamanda bir kontrol mekanizmasıdır. Bu bağlamda, toplumun genel uyumu ve sürekliliği
açısından önemli işlevlere sahiptir. Toplumsal bütünleşmenin ve düzenin bireylerin sahip olduğu
ortak değerler aracılığıyla sağlandığı gerçeğinden hareketle, gençliğin değerlerinin incelenmesi
daha da önem kazanmaktadır. Özellikle değer değişimlerinin getirdiği sancılı süreçler göz
önünde bulundurulduğunda, gençlik dönemi ve bu dönemde yaşanan değer değişimlerinin
incelenmesi, toplumsal bütünleşme açısından önemli bir olgudur. Ülkemizde ve dünyada
yaşanan toplumsal ve ekonomik değişimlere paralel olarak oluşturulan yeni eğitim politikalarının
uygulama alanlarından biri olan üniversiteler, gençliğin değer sistemlerindeki değişimin en iyi
ölçülebildiği kurumların başında gelmektedir.Aydınlanma düşüncesinin ışığında gelişen ve
pozitif bilim anlayışına sahip olan üniversiteler, modernizmin ihtiyaçlarına cevap verebilecek
tarzda bireyler yetiştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bakımdan üniversiteler akademik bir eğitim
vermenin yanında toplumsal alanda yeniliklere açık, gerçekçi düşünen, sorgulayan, bağımsız
bireyler yetiştirmeye yönelik eğitim programları ve ortam hazırlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda
uygulamalı bir alan araştırması olan çalışma; üniversite eğitimi ve yaşantısının, genç bireylerin
değer algılarında belirgin değişimlere neden olup olmadığını saptamayı amaçlamaktadır.
Araştırmanın evrenini İnönü Üniversitesinde öğrenim görmekte olan birinci ve son sınıf
öğrencileri oluşturmuştur. Anket tekniği kullanılan araştırmada elde edilen veriler araştırmanın
bağımsız değişkenleri doğrultusunda çapraz tablolar kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
ANALYSIS OF THE VISION STATEMENT OF THE FASTEST GROWING TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES IN TURKEY
Authors: ASLAN Fethi , UZUN Hasan
Published: December 2021

The vision is the expression of where the business wants to be in the future. A forceful
vision has a significant impact on business decisions, such as mission and strategy. The most
important component of a business's vision is the vision statement. A vision statement is
successfully defined only when it is developed based on a set of fundamental criteria. This study
has been prepared to quantitatively evaluate whether businesses can define a successful vision
statement. For this purpose, a quantitative evaluation method has been developed. The
developed method was used to evaluate the vision statements of the fastest growing technology
companies in Turkey. Different methods and approaches were used to develop the method
used in the study. In this context, first of all, the criteria and approaches used in the literature for
the creation of the vision statement were examined. Examined criteria and approaches have
been transformed into common criteria that will enable the evaluation of vision statement by
thematic analysis method. Afterwards, heuristic evaluation method was used to identify the
experts required to evaluate within the framework of common criteria. At the last stage, experts
in the fields of strategy, management, planning, control and technology evaluated the vision
statements of the fastest growing technology enterprises according to the determined criteria. In
order to measure the numerical meaning of these evaluations, the visual acuity score approach
of the eye was used and the vision intelligence score formula was developed. The calculated
vision intelligence score enabled the evaluation and comparative analysis of the vision
statements of the enterprises. This method has made an important contribution to the literature
due to its role in facilitating the analysis of vision statements containing subjective judgments
with an objective evaluation framework and the creation of an effective vision statement.
HALEP VALİSİ VE ESTERGON BAŞ MUHAFIZI EBUBEKİR PAŞA’NIN MUHALLEFÂTI (1684)
Authors: YAZICI Muhammed
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma, XVII. yüzyılda doğu-batı ticareti arasındaki önemli bir merkez konumundaki
Halep şehrinde valilik yapan ve ardından katıldığı Avusturya seferi esnasında öldürülerek
malları müsadere edilen Ebubekir Paşa’nın muhallefâtının incelenmesini kapsamaktadır. Kaplan
Mustafa Paşa’nın kethüdalığını yapan Ebubekir Paşa 6 Ağustos 1682 tarihinde Halep valiliğine
atanmış ve burada yaklaşık bir yıl görev yaptıktan sonra Avusturya Seferi için 12 Haziran
1683’de emrindeki askerlerle Ösek’de toplanan orduya katılmıştır. Ebubekir Paşa 11 Ekim 1683
yılındaki Ciğerdelen yenilgisi üzerine Estergon baş muhafızı olmuştur. Estergon Kalesi’nin Baş
muhafızı iken kaleyi teslim ettiği için yanındaki diğer komutanlar ile birlikte boğularak öldürülmüş
ve mal varlığı müsadere edilmiştir. Paşanın mal varlığının tespiti yaklaşık dokuz ay sürmüş ve
toplam 3.731.076 akçelik malvarlığının 6,102 kuruşluk kısmı varislerine bırakıldıktan sonra
geriye kalan kısmı hazineye aktarılmıştır. İki eşi ve üç kızı olan Ebubekir Paşa’nın 14 kölesi
bulunmaktadır. Muhallefâtının yarıya yakın kısmını tarım gelirlerinin oluşturduğu Ebubekir
Paşa’nın Halep’in değişik yerlerinde yedi adet çiftliği bulunmaktadır. Harim Kazasına bağlı İskat
Köyündeki çiftlikte bulunan toplam 16148 zeytin ağacı ve üç adet zeytin değirmeni yoğun bir
tarımsal üretimin varlığına delalet etmektedir. Yine çiftliklerde çok sayıda incir, ceviz, üzüm, dut,
badem ve elma ağaçları bulunmaktadır. Ebubekir Paşa’nın muhallefâtında değişik tür ve
özelliklerde bulunan kumaşların zenginliği valilik yaptığı Halep’in dönemin önemli dokuma
merkezlerinden biri olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Paşa’nın çeşitli tür ve özelliklerde ev
eşyalarının, savaş araç-gereçlerinin ve at takımlarının bulunduğu mal varlığının içerisinde
çoğunluğunu tefsir ve fıkıh kitaplarının oluşturduğu 13 adet de kitabı bulunmaktadır.
ADOLESCENT PROBLEMS AND PARENTAL WORRIES IN APRIL DE ANGELIS’ JUMPY
Authors: BAŞTAN Ajda
Published: December 2021

April De Angelis has been one of the most significant female playwrights in the
contemporary British Theatre since the last years of the 20th century. Continuing writing plays in
the 21st century, De Angelis deals with the topics of adolescent problems and parental worries
in her comedy play Jumpy which was performed in 2011. The title of the play derives from a
monkey toy which symbolises childhood. Jumpy focuses on a middle class family dealing with
the disobedience of a teenage daughter and her conflict with her mother who is going through
her own dilemma. Therefore, De Angelis’ play primarily deals with two contrasting characters’
relationships between mother Hilary and her adolescent daughter Tilly. According to Tilly, her
mother's advice is ridiculous, her rules are strict, and her prohibitions are meaningless. De
Angelis emphasizes that the anger and problems in adolescents are a temporary process, and
families should be aware about this situation. The play reflects various psychological emotions
of adolescents and the difficult experiences of parents. In De Angelis’ Jumpy parents are
warned of the risks which adolescents may go through. The playwright explains the devastating
problems that adolescence might experience by tackling unprotected sexual contact, drugs,
entering terrorist groups, cell phone addiction, and social media. Nevertheless, the topic that De
Angelis emphasizes in Jumpy particularly is adolescent pregnancy. By making use of the
contradictions of the female characters and disclosing multiple disputes, Jumpy opens the door
to new inquiries. Therefore, the play represents the positive and negative characteristics of the
21st century’s human beings in social life.
Forecasting Shanghai Containerized Freight Index by Using Time Series Models
Authors: KOYUNCU Kaan , TAVACIOĞLU Leyla
Published: December 2021

Recently, the container shipping industry has become unpredictable due to volatility and major events affecting the maritime sector. At the same time, approaches to estimating container freight rates using econometric and time series modelling have become very important. Therefore, in this paper, different time-series models have been explored that are related to the Shanghai Containerized Freight Index (SCFI). SMA, EWMA, and, SES, Holt Winter method are used to describe the data and model. Afterward, the Holt Winter method and SARIMA was applied to model and predict the SCFI index. MAPE, RMSE, AIC, BIC are used to measure the performances of the models and predictions. We observe that the SARIMA model provides comparatively better results than the existing freight rate forecasting models while performing short-term forecasts on a monthly rate. Results demonstrate that the increase will continue without losing momentum.
Producing Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum L. cv. ‘Kuching’) Rootstock in a Deep-Water Culture Hydroponic System
Authors: King Jie Hung , Khadijah Babirye , Ong Kian Huat
Published: December 2021

Stem cutting is the common planting material for black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) farmers mainly because the method is cheap, easy to obtain, and produces satisfactory number of new plantlets, which are relatively genetically uniform to their parent. However, soil propagation of stem cuttings renders both the stem and developing roots susceptible to soil borne pathogens, ultimately compromising the quality of the plant. Good quality rootstock of the new plant promotes faster, safer, and better black pepper plant establishment. Hydroponic farming thus offers a good platform for producing quality rootstock of the new plants and has gained importance to many farmers due to its flexibility in manipulating plant growth conditions and timely pathogen management, thus safer, healthier, and faster growth. This study investigated the growing media suitable for rootstock growth of P. nigrum L. cv. ‘Kuching’ and compared the rooting ability between stem cuttings with adventitious roots at the time of planting and stem cuttings without any root at the time of planting. In a laboratory setting, a total of 210 stem cuttings were hydroponically planted in seven nutrient compositions, with each nutrient composition containing an equal number of stem cuttings with adventitious roots at the time of planting and stem cuttings without any root at the time of planting. Hoagland solution supplemented with 0.005 mM potassium silicate solution (T4) and Hoagland solution supplemented with 2 mM salicylic acid solution (T6) showed faster root initiation whereas T1 (Hoagland solution only) produced the highest increment in root length followed by T6. The least suitable nutrient composition was T5 [T4 + 6 mL of 1 M Ca (NO3)2.4H2O solution]. The total number of roots was highest in plants from stem cuttings which had some adventitious roots at the time of planting, whereas roots in plants from stem cuttings which did not have any root at the time of planting, increased in root length faster than plants withstem cuttings which had adventitious roots at the time of planting.
Histological Alterations in Some Organs of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Exposed to Sub-lethal Concentrations of Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine]
Authors: Akinbadewa Adedamola , Adewole Henry , Adeyeni Stephen , Olaleye Victor
Published: December 2021

This study used a static bioassay to investigate the histological effects of glyphosate on the gill, liver and muscle of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. This was done with a view of further characterising the effect of glyphosate on C. gariepinus fingerlings and other aquatic life forms. Six-week old C. gariepinus fingerlings with an average weight of 10.02 ± 0.2 g were stocked into three exposure sets (control, 2.75 ppm (25% of the 96 h LC50 value) and 5.50 ppm (50% of the 96 h LC50 value)) in triplicate at 30 fish per tank for 70 days. The 96 h LC50  value was 11.00 mg/L. Histological examination of the C. gariepinus exposed to various sublethal concentrations of glyphosate showed that major histological changes in their organs were concentration dependent such as gill arch vacuolation, excessive mucosal secretions, lifting of epithelial, and epithelium thickening, hyperplasia and telangiectasis in the gills, discolouration, change in form and consistent alterations involving hyperplasia, narrowing of the central nerve, necrosis, pkynosis, blood congestion and vacuolation of the liver, mild hyperplasia and inflammatory responses in the muscle of the fish. The severity of histological alteration was more pronounced in fish organs exposed to 5.50 ppm of glyphosate concentration. This study concluded that the toxicant (glyphosate) is highly toxic to C. gariepinus particularly at a concentration of 5.50 ppm, therefore its use near farm lands or adjacent water bodies should be discouraged.
Note on Historical Records, Geographical Distribution, and Ecological Characteristics of a Mud Lobster, Thalassina anomala (Herbst, 1804) (Decapoda, Gebiidea, Thalassinidae) in Sarawak, Borneo
Authors: Grinang Jongkar ak , Rusyaidi Amnah Abid Faiq
Published: December 2021

The presence of mud lobster mounds is a common natural feature along coastal areas and tidal influence habitats in Sarawak. However, the number of species of mud lobsters that constructed the mounds is yet to be ascertained. This paper reviews historical records and geographical distribution of mud lobster in Sarawak from various forms of literature. The early records of mud lobster were from Buntal in Kuching, and Lingga in Sri Aman back more than 130 years ago. A few other records were reported from the central and northern regions of Sarawak between 1928 and 2019. All these records have identified mud lobster of Sarawak as Thalassina anomala (Herbst, 1804). Our present study at two sites in Buntal area with a careful examination of morphological characters of fresh specimens has confirmed the taxonomy of the species and its existence in the area. Some ecological characteristics of the mud lobster, such as size variation, population density, and mound characteristics, are also discussed. The present study also found that construction of massive mounds by mud lobster has posed a conflict to farmers and coastal communities at Buntal area, who regarded the animal as a pest. On the other hand, research on the potential medicinal value of mud lobster in Sarawak is growing. This implies that accurate taxonomy and comprehensive ecological data of T. anomala are necessary to support best practices of mud lobster pest management and sustainable harvesting of the animal for medicinal purposes, which eventually lead to conserving the animal.
KOMODIFIKASI ALAT MUSIK LATATOU (PUKULAN BUNYI) DI KELURAHAN KOMBELI, KECAMATAN PASARWAJO, KABUPATEN BUTON
Authors: Karsono M. , Alim Abdul , Zaenal Zaenal
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan alat musik latatou (pukulan bunyi) serta bagaimana komodifikasi alat musik latatou (pukulan bunyi). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan januari 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori evolusi sosial universal dan komodifikasi budaya oleh Herbert Spencer dan Barker metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu  metode etnografi dengan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik pengamatan (observation) dan wawancara mendalam (indepth  interview). Data yang didapatkan dalam bentuk yang lebih mudah dibaca dan diinterpretasikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perubahan dan komodifikasi alat musik latatou (pukulan bunyi) telah bertransformasi. Transformasi ini terjadi karena gagasan sehingga alat musik latatou (pukulan bunyi) berkembang melalui kegiatan seni. Yang awalnya hanya dimainkan dikebun untuk menghibur diri sehabis bercocok tanam. Namun saat ini sudah dimainkan oleh banyak orang dan ruangnyapun mengalami perubahan serta alat musik latatou (pukulan bunyi) dipadukan dengan alat-alat musik tradisional  suku laporo  dan diiringi tarian tradisional suku laporo. dan dimodifikasi sebagai pengembang inovasi modal budaya yang dikelola oleh sekelompok orang yang tergabung dalam sanggar seni. Sehingga alat musikalat musik latatou (pukulan bunyi) menjadi komoditas di Kelurahan Kombeli Kecamatan Pasarwajo.
SONGGA’A : RITUAL PASCA PERKAWINAN PADA ORANG LIYA MAWI
Authors: Jorya Jorya , Raemon Raemon
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan prosesi ritual songga’a pada masyarakat Liya Mawi serta untuk mengungkap makna simbolik yang terdapat dalam ritual songga’a untuk mengetahui karakter pasangan pengantin baru. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan mei 2020. Dalam menganalisis data-data yang ada penelitian ini menggunakan teori simbolik oleh Victor W. Turner, metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu  metode etnografi dengan dengan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan teknik pengamatan (observation) dan wawancara (interview). Selanjutnya data yang didapatkan dianalisa dan disusuan berdasarkan acuan yang digunakan sehingga mudah diinterpertasikan.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ritual songga’a adalah tradisi yang wajib dilakukan oleh pasangan pengantin baru yang memiliki garis keturunan Liya Mawi. Ada keyakinan secara metafisika didalam masyarkat pendukung kebudayaan tersebut bahwa apabila ritual ini tidak dilakukakan maka akan pasangan pengantin baru tersebut akan mendapatkan bala  yang berupa; susah mendapatkan keturunan, kesehatan mererka akan terganggu, susah mendapatkan rezeki, serta akan ada penyakit-penyakit secara personalistik yang akan diderita. Dalam prosesinya ritual songga’a ada empat tahapan yaitu; Te Lahaa Umanu, Te Songga’a U’ufe, Temanga’a Umia Sumongga’a, dan Te Hesofuia. Adapun makna simbolik yang terdapat didalamnya akan diinterpertasikan berdasarkan media ayam yang digunakana saat proses ritual.
A Stochastic Rockfall Model Related to Random Ground Roughness Based on Three-Dimensional Discontinuous Deformation Analysis
Authors: Zheng Lu , Zhu Zhiyuan , Wei Qi , Ren Kaihui , Wu Yihan , Wu Wei , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2021

The use of feasible 3-D numerical methods has become essential for addressing problems related to rockfall hazard. Although several models with various degrees of complexity are available, certain trajectories and impact dynamics related to some model inputs could fall in the rockfall observations area but are rarely calibrated against reflecting its range, especially the lateral deviations. A major difficulty exists in the lack of simulating the apparent randomness during the impact-rebound process leading to both ground roughness and block irregularities. The model presented here is based on three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (3-D DDA). Despite similarities to previous simulations using 3-D DDA, the model presented here incorporates several novel concepts: (1) ground roughness is represented as a random change of slope angle by height perturbation at a grid point in DEM terrain; (2) block irregularities are modelled directly using polyhedron data; (3) a scaled velocity restitution relationship is introduced to consider incident velocity and its angle. Lateral deviations of rebound velocity, both direction and value, at impact are similarly accounted for by perturbing the ground orientation laterally, thus inducing scatter of run-out directions. With these features, the model is capable to describe the stochastic rockfall dynamics. In this study, 3-D DDA was then conducted to investigate the dynamic behavior of the rockfall and examine the role of sphericity of the rock block travelling on bench slopes with different ground roughness levels. Parametric analyses were carried out in terms of cumulative distribution function (CDF) to investigate for spatial distribution (both runout distance and lateral displacement), velocity and jumping height. The effects of block shape and ground roughness revealed by these factors were discussed. It suggests that ground roughness amplifies the randomness and plays important roles on the dynamic behavior of the system; irregularity from block sphericity will further amplify the randomness especially when the size of the rock is relatively small compared to the roughness level. Both irregularities should be taken into consideration in simulating rockfall problems. Further calibration of the new model against a range of field datasets is essential.
Novel Expansion of Matrix Metalloproteases in the Laboratory Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Other Salamander Species
Authors: Al Haj Baddar Nour , Timoshevskaya Nataliya , Smith Jeramiah J. , Guo Houfu , Voss S. Randal
Published: December 2021

Matrix metalloprotease (MMP) genes encode endopeptidases that cleave protein components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as non-ECM proteins. Here we report the results of a comprehensive survey of MMPs in the laboratory axolotl and other representative salamanders. Surprisingly, 28 MMPs were identified in salamanders and 9 MMP paralogs were identified as unique to the axolotl and other salamander taxa, with several of these presenting atypical amino acid insertions not observed in other tetrapod vertebrates. Furthermore, as assessed by sequence information, all of the novel salamander MMPs are of the secreted type, rather than cell membrane anchored. This suggests that secreted type MMPs expanded uniquely within salamanders to presumably execute catalytic activities in the extracellular milieu. To facilitate future studies of salamander-specific MMPs, we annotated transcriptional information from published studies of limb and tail regeneration. Our analysis sets the stage for comparative studies to understand why MMPs expanded uniquely within salamanders.
Chamaejasmenin B, an Inhibitor for Metastatic Outgrowth, Reversed M2-Dominant Macrophage Polarization in Breast Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Li Qi , Sun Lidong , Liu Li , Ran Qingsen , Du Xinke , Yang Qing , Wang Yajie , Li Yujie , Chen Ying , Weng Xiaogang , Cai Weiyan , Zhu Xiaoxin
Published: December 2021

Metastasis is a multistep process that depends on the interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment show high polarization plasticity and have a paradoxical role in cancer progression. Hijacked by tumor-promoting signals, the polarization status of macrophages was pathologically disturbed and believed to be the decisive mechanism forcing the progression of metastasis. In this study, we explored the immunological activity of Chamaejasmin B (ICJ), a previously proved inhibitor for metastasis, in macrophages from metastatic microenvironment. When intravenously injected of 4T1 cells in mice, ICJ significantly inhibited its metastatic outgrowth. Taking tumor cell and macrophage as a functional integrity, an adoptive transfer model was established in vitro to exclude the direct effect of ICJ on tumor. The findings suggest a dual influence of ICJ on both tumors and macrophages, as indicated by the rebalance of macrophage polarization and suppression of clonogenic potential in tumor cells. Mechanistically, ICJ redirected M2-dominant polarization of tumor-associated macrophage in an IL-4-mTOR-dependent manner. Collectively, our study revealed that ICJ rebalanced macrophage polarization in malignant microenvironment and showed promising effect in suppressing metastatic outgrowth in breast cancer model.
The Mediator Role of Feelings of Guilt in the Process of Burnout and Psychosomatic Disorders: A Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Figueiredo-Ferraz Hugo , Gil-Monte Pedro R. , Grau-Alberola Ester , Ribeiro do Couto Bruno
Published: December 2021

Burnout was recently declared by WHO as an “occupational phenomenon” in the International Classification of Diseases 11th revision (ICD-11), recognizing burnout as a serious health issue. Earlier studies have shown that feelings of guilt appear to be involved in the burnout process. However, the exact nature of the relationships among burnout, guilt and psychosomatic disorders remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediator role of feelings of guilt in the relationship between burnout and psychosomatic disorders, and perform a cross-cultural validation of the multi-dimensional model by Gil-Monte in two samples of teachers (Portuguese vs. Spanish). The study sample was composed of 1,266 teachers, 1,062 from Spain, and 204 from Portugal. Burnout was measured by the Spanish Burnout Inventory. Hypotheses were tested together in a path model. The results obtained provide empirical evidence for the mediator role of guilt in the relationship between the Burnout syndrome and psychosomatic disorders in the sample of teachers from Spain and Portugal, and they contribute to the empirical validation of the model by Gil-Monte. The results indicate that guilt should be incorporated as a symptom of burnout in order to identify individuals affected by burnout and profiles or types of burnout to differentiate it from other pathologies like depression.
Scanner-Assisted CO2 Laser Fissurectomy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Giani Iacopo , Cioppa Tommaso , Linari Chiara , Caminati Filippo , Dreoni Paolo , Rossi Gianni , Tanda Cinzia , Talamo Giuseppina , Bettazzi Federico , Aprile Alessandra , Grassi Silvia , Pede Antonella , Giannoni Luca , Elbetti Claudio
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Surgery for chronic anal fissure is challenging for every proctologist. Solving the pain by guaranteeing rapid and effective healing is the objective, but what is the price to pay today in functional terms? Though this result is nowadays partially achievable through interventions that include the execution of an internal sphincterotomy among the procedures, it is necessary to underline the high rate of patients who can present faecal incontinence. The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of scanner-assisted CO2 laser fissurectomy.

Methods: From April 2021 to September 2021, all consecutive patients who affected by chronic anal fissure suitable for surgery, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were evaluated. All planned data were recorded before surgery, then at 24 h, 1 week, and 1 month follow-up. A scanner-assisted CO2 laser was used in this study to achieve a smooth and dried wound with a minimal tissue thermal damage, to ensure good postsurgical pain control, rapid and functional, elastic and stable healing, and to prevent potential relapses. Paracetamol 1 g every 8 h was prescribed for the first 24 h and then continued according to each patient's need. Ketorolac 15 mg was prescribed as rescue.

Results: Mean pain intensity ≤3, considered as the principal endpoint, was recorded in 26 out of the 29 patients who enrolled in the study with a final success rate of 89.7% at 1-month follow-up. Pain and anal itching showed a statistically significant reduction while bleeding, burning, and maximum pain, and REALIS score showed a reduction too at the end of the follow-up period. Reepithelisation proved to be extremely fast and effective: 22 of 29 (75.9%) showed a complete healing and 5 showed a partial reepithelisation at 1-month follow-up.

Discussion: Outcomes of this study showed that it is undoubtedly necessary to change the surgical approach in case of anal fissure. The internal sphincterotomy procedure must be most of all questioned, where the availability of cutting-edge technological tools must be avoided and offered only in selected cases. Scanner-assisted CO2 laser showed great results in terms of pain control and wound healing, secondary to an extremely precise ablation, vaporisation, and debridement procedures with minimal lateral thermal damage.
Evaluation of Heterocyclic Carboxamides as Potential Efflux Pump Inhibitors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Yuan Yi , Rosado-Lugo Jesus D. , Zhang Yongzheng , Datta Pratik , Sun Yangsheng , Cao Yanlu , Banerjee Anamika , Parhi Ajit K.
Published: December 2021

The ability to rescue the activity of antimicrobials that are no longer effective against bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an attractive strategy to combat antimicrobial drug resistance. Herein, novel efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) demonstrating strong potentiation in combination with levofloxacin against wild-type P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 are presented. A structure activity relationship of aryl substituted heterocyclic carboxamides containing a pentane diamine side chain is described. Out of several classes of fused heterocyclic carboxamides, aryl indole carboxamide compound 6j (TXA01182) at 6.25 µg/mL showed 8-fold potentiation of levofloxacin. TXA01182 was found to have equally synergistic activities with other antimicrobial classes (monobactam, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamide and tetracyclines) against P. aeruginosa. Several biophysical and genetic studies rule out membrane disruption and support efflux inhibition as the mechanism of action (MOA) of TXA01182. TXA01182 was determined to lower the frequency of resistance (FoR) of the partner antimicrobials and enhance the killing kinetics of levofloxacin. Furthermore, TXA01182 demonstrated a synergistic effect with levofloxacin against several multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates.
mRNA Therapeutic Modalities Design, Formulation and Manufacturing under Pharma 4.0 Principles
Authors: Ouranidis Andreas , Vavilis Theofanis , Mandala Evdokia , Davidopoulou Christina , Stamoula Eleni , Markopoulou Catherine K. , Karagianni Anna , Kachrimanis Kyriakos
Published: December 2021

In the quest for a formidable weapon against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, mRNA therapeutics have stolen the spotlight. mRNA vaccines are a prime example of the benefits of mRNA approaches towards a broad array of clinical entities and druggable targets. Amongst these benefits is the rapid cycle “from design to production” of an mRNA product compared to their peptide counterparts, the mutability of the production line should another target be chosen, the side-stepping of safety issues posed by DNA therapeutics being permanently integrated into the transfected cell’s genome and the controlled precision over the translated peptides. Furthermore, mRNA applications are versatile: apart from vaccines it can be used as a replacement therapy, even to create chimeric antigen receptor T-cells or reprogram somatic cells. Still, the sudden global demand for mRNA has highlighted the shortcomings in its industrial production as well as its formulation, efficacy and applicability. Continuous, smart mRNA manufacturing 4.0 technologies have been recently proposed to address such challenges. In this work, we examine the lab and upscaled production of mRNA therapeutics, the mRNA modifications proposed that increase its efficacy and lower its immunogenicity, the vectors available for delivery and the stability considerations concerning long-term storage.
Inducible T-Cell Costimulator Ligand Plays a Dual Role in Melanoma Metastasis upon Binding to Osteopontin or Inducible T-Cell Costimulator
Authors: Raineri Davide , Cappellano Giuseppe , Vilardo Beatrice , Maione Federica , Clemente Nausicaa , Canciani Elena , Boggio Elena , Gigliotti Casimiro Luca , Monge Chiara , Dianzani Chiara , Boldorini Renzo , Dianzani Umberto , Chiocchetti Annalisa
Published: December 2021

Recently, we demonstrated that inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) shares its unique ligand (ICOSL) with osteopontin (OPN), and OPN/ICOSL binding promotes tumor metastasis and angiogenesis in the 4T1 breast cancer model. Literature showed that OPN promotes melanoma metastasis by suppressing T-cell activation and recruiting myeloid suppressor cells (MDSC). On the opposite, ICOS/ICOSL interaction usually sustains an antitumor response. Here, we engineered murine B16F10 melanoma cells, by transfecting or silencing ICOSL. In vitro data showed that loss of ICOSL favors anchorage-independent growth and induces more metastases in vivo, compared to ICOSL expressing cells. To dissect individual roles of the three molecules, we compared data from C57BL/6 with those from OPN-KO, ICOS-KO, and ICOSL-KO mice, missing one partner at a time. We found that OPN produced by the tumor microenvironment (TME) favors the metastasis by interacting with stromal ICOSL. This activity is dominantly inhibited by ICOS expressed on TME by promoting Treg expansion. Importantly, we also show that OPN and ICOSL highly interact in human melanoma metastases compared to primary tumors. Interfering with this binding may be explored in immunotherapy either for nonresponding or patients resistant to conventional therapies.
Emerging Role of EGFR Mutations in Creating an Immune Suppressive Tumour Microenvironment
Authors: Kapoor Simran S. , Zaiss Dietmar M. W.
Published: December 2021

Several types of tumours overexpress the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in either wild type or mutated form. These tumours are often highly aggressive and difficult to treat. The underlying mechanisms for this phenomenon have remained largely unresolved, but recent publications suggest two independent mechanisms that may contribute. According to one line of research, tumours that overexpress the EGFR grow autonomously and become “addicted” to growth factor signalling. Inhibition of this signal using EGFR inhibitors can, therefore, induce cell death in tumour cells and lead to tumour shrinkage. The other line of research, as highlighted by recent findings, suggests that the overexpression, specifically of mutant forms of the EGFR, may create an immune-suppressive and lymphocyte depleted microenvironment within tumours. Such a lymphocyte depleted microenvironment may explain the resistance of EGFR overexpressing cancers to tumour therapies, particularly to check-point inhibitor treatments. In this article, we discuss the recent data which support an immune modulatory effect of EGFR signalling and compare these published studies with the most recent data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), in this way, dissecting possible underlying mechanisms. We thereby focus our study on how EGFR overexpression may lead to the local activation of TGFβ, and hence to an immune suppressive environment. Consequently, we define a novel concept of how the mitogenic and immune modulatory effects of EGFR overexpression may contribute to tumour resistance to immunotherapy, and how EGFR specific inhibitors could be used best to enhance the efficacy of tumour therapy.
Projection of High-Dimensional Genome-Wide Expression on SOM Transcriptome Landscapes
Authors: Nikoghosyan Maria , Loeffler-Wirth Henry , Davidavyan Suren , Binder Hans , Arakelyan Arsen
Published: December 2021

The self-organizing maps portraying has been proven to be a powerful approach for analysis of transcriptomic, genomic, epigenetic, single-cell, and pathway-level data as well as for “multi-omic” integrative analyses. However, the SOM method has a major disadvantage: it requires the retraining of the entire dataset once a new sample is added, which can be resource- and time-demanding. It also shifts the gene landscape, thus complicating the interpretation and comparison of results. To overcome this issue, we have developed two approaches of transfer learning that allow for extending SOM space with new samples, meanwhile preserving its intrinsic structure. The extension SOM (exSOM) approach is based on adding secondary data to the existing SOM space by “meta-gene adaptation”, while supervised SOM portrayal (supSOM) adds support vector machine regression model on top of the original SOM algorithm to “predict” the portrait of a new sample. Both methods have been shown to accurately combine existing and new data. With simulated data, exSOM outperforms supSOM for accuracy, while supSOM significantly reduces the computing time and outperforms exSOM for this parameter. Analysis of real datasets demonstrated the validity of the projection methods with independent datasets mapped on existing SOM space. Moreover, both methods well handle the projection of samples with new characteristics that were not present in training datasets.
Egg White Alginate as a Novel Scaffold Biomaterial for 3D Salivary Cell Culturing
Authors: Pham Hieu M. , Zhang Yuli , Munguia-Lopez Jose G. , Tran Simon D.
Published: December 2021

Saliva production by salivary glands play a crucial role in oral health. The loss of salivary gland function could lead to xerostomia, a condition also known as dry mouth. Significant reduction in saliva production could lead to further complications such as difficulty in speech, mastication, and increased susceptibility to dental caries and oral infections and diseases. While some palliative treatments are available for xerostomia, there are no curative treatments to date. This study explores the use of Egg White Alginate (EWA), as an alternative scaffold to Matrigel® for culturing 3D salivary gland cells. A protocol for an optimized EWA was established by comparing cell viability using 1%, 2%, and 3% alginate solution. The normal salivary simian virus 40-immortalized acinar cell (NS-SV-AC) and the submandibular gland-human-1 (SMG-hu-1) cell lines were also used to compare the spheroid formation and cell viability properties of both scaffold biomaterials; cell viability was observed over 10 days using a Live–Dead Cell Assay. Cell viability and spheroid size in 2% EWA was significantly greater than 1% and 3%. It is evident that EWA can support salivary cell survivability as well as form larger spheroids when compared to cells grown in Matrigel®. However, further investigations are necessary as it is unclear if cultured cells were proliferating or aggregating.
Au-Decorated WS2 Microflakes Based Sensors for Selective Ammonia Detection at Room Temperature
Authors: Guang Qiyilan , Huang Baoyu , Li Xiaogan
Published: December 2021

Gold nanoparticles decorated WS2 microflakes (Au/WS2) have been synthesized by an in situ chemical reducing process. A chemiresistive-type sensor using as-synthesized Au/WS2 heterostructures as sensing materials shows an improved response to different concentrations of ammonia compared to pure WS2 at room temperature. As the concentrations of gold nanoparticles increased in heterostructures, response/recovery speeds of the sensors became faster although the sensitivity of the sensor was compromised compared to the sensitivity of the sensor with lower concentrations of Au. In addition, the Au/WS2-based sensor indicated excellent selectivity to formaldehyde, ethanol, benzene and acetone at room temperature. The improved performance of the sensors was attributed to the synergistic effect of electronic sensitization and chemical sensitization between WS2 and Au.
Improving the Detection Accuracy of an Ag/Au Bimetallic Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Based on Graphene
Authors: Wang Qi , Cao Shuhua , Gao Xufeng , Chen Xinrui , Zhang Dawei
Published: December 2021

A theoretical study was conducted with the aim of improving the detection accuracy of graphene-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors. We studied the effect of applying a bias voltage to the sensor surface on its detection accuracy. The optimum thicknesses of silver and gold layers in the biosensor of 47 nm and 3 nm, respectively, were determined. Graphene layers deposited on these thin silver and gold films formed a sensor surface system, on which the surface plasmons were excited. The real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of graphene were controlled by the bias voltage. When the chemical potential was increased from 36 meV to 8 eV, the detection accuracy of the sensor was correspondingly increased by 213%.
The Impact of Extended E-Learning on Emotional Well-Being of Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hassan Sehar-un-Nisa , Algahtani Fahad D. , Atteya Mohammad Raafat , Almishaal Ali A. , Ahmed Ahmed A. , Obeidat Sofian T. , Kamel Reham Mohamed , Mohamed Rania Fathy
Published: December 2021

Educational institutions in Saudi Arabia extended e-learning until the third semester of the academic calendar to prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection and to achieve 70% inoculation for the Saudi population. This study assesses the impact of extended e-learning and other associated stressors on the emotional health of university students in Saudi Arabia. An online cross-sectional survey collected data between the months of January–March 2021. The emotional signs of stress were measured by using a subset of items from the COVID-19 Adolescent Symptom and Psychological Experience Questionnaire (CASPE). Data about demographic variables, educational characteristics and academic performance were also collected. A regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of emotional health. A total of 434 university students including females (63%) and males (37%) provided responses. One-third of students (33%) indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic and its resulting changes including online distance studies greatly influenced their daily lives in a negative way. The regression analysis demonstrated that female students and students with average academic performance had increased vulnerability to experience emotional signs of stress (p < 0.05). The factors ‘Not going to university’ and ‘Not having a routine life’ were significant predictors of stress responses (p < 0.01) and (p < 0.001) respectively. E-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic made it possible for students to complete their studies as per academic calendar; simultaneously, it increased the vulnerability to experience stress, particularly for female students and students with average academic performance. These findings imply that academic advising and counseling services should be more readily available during digital studies to support at risk students.