bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of histochemical stains for rapid qualitative analysis of the lignin content in multiple wood species
Authors: Yang Yan , He Yiming , Han Li , Wang Aifeng , Wang Wei , Zhao Rui , Li Bin
Published: September 2021

Rapid qualitative analysis was used to determine the influence of the lignin content of wood cell walls on the compression and bending properties of multiple wood species. The lignin type and cell wall content of Cunninghamia lanceolate, Fagus longipetiolata, Betula alnoides, Fraxinus mandshurica, and Tectona grandis was analyzed via histochemical staining, which included: the Mäule staining reaction, the Weisner staining reaction, and a fluorescence reaction. The results showed that the more red the Mäule staining reaction was, the greater the Syringyl lignin (S-type lignin) content was, and the more yellowish-brown the Mäule staining reaction was, the greater the Guaiacyl lignin (G-type lignin) content was. In addition, the more reddish-purple the Wiesner staining reaction was, the greater the lignin content was. The greater the brightness value of the fluorescence reaction was, the greater the lignin content was. Due to the negative correlation between the lignin content of the wood cell wall and the bending and compression properties of the wood, the application of histochemical stains for the analysis of wood lignin content could provide a reference and experimental basis for bending and compression treatments of various woods.
Pretreatment of Sophora flavescens residues to produce fermentable sugars for lactic acid production: Optimization and mechanism analysis
Authors: Gao Ming , Wang Juan , Ma Xiaoyu , Song Na , Zhu Wenbin , Wang Qunhui , Wu Chuanfu
Published: September 2021

The effects of three different pretreatments (H2SO4-heat, NaOH-heat, and hydrothermal pretreatment) on the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of Sophora flavescens residues (SFRs) were studied. After NaOH-heat pretreatment, the cellulose content of SFRs increased from 46.6% to 59.4%, and hydrolysis efficiency was 2.3 times higher than that of direct enzymatic hydrolysis without pretreatment. Moreover, the optimum pretreatment conditions were NaOH concentration of 1.00%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, temperature of 80 °C, and pretreatment time of 60 min. Under these conditions, 85.0% hydrolysis efficiency was obtained. When SFRs with NaOH-heat pretreatment were used as feedstocks in fermentation, the maximum lactic acid concentration was 33.7 g/L, which was twice that produced by SFRs without pretreatment. Mechanism analysis suggested that the lignin of SFRs was removed by NaOH solution, and the deacetylation reaction of hemicellulose occurred, which made the original smooth and dense structure become rough and loose, thus improving the accessibility of cellulose to enzymes.
Preparation and characterization of acetic acid lignin-based epoxy blends
Authors: Feng Pan , Chen Fangeng
Published: September 2021

Lignin-based epoxy resin (LER) was prepared from phenolated lignin (PL) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The eucalyptus acetic acid lignin (AAL) was first reacted with phenol in the presence of sulfuric acid to obtain PL. Then, PL was reacted with ECH in aqueous sodium hydroxide to obtain LER. LER was mixed with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (E-44) and then cured with triethylenetetramine (TETA). The initial thermal degradation temperature (Td) of the cured epoxy blends decreased with the increase in LER content. The residue ratio at 500 °C of the cured epoxy blends (R500), however, increased with the LER content. The maximum adhesive shear strength of the cured epoxy blends was obtained at 20 wt% of LER. The water absorption of epoxy blends increased with increasing the content of LER. SEM photos showed that increasing the content of LER increased inhomogeneity and porosity of epoxy blends.
Numerical abnormalities of permanent dentition - a case report
Authors: Decusara Mioara , Cornea Daniela , Rusu-Negraia Magdalena , Șincar Cerasella Dorina
Published: September 2021

Tooth number abnormalities may occur under the influence of genetic or environmental factors which intervene in the tooth formation stages (induction and proliferation), most commonly the permanent dentition being affected. The result is the appearance of dental anomalies with numerical deficiency (hypodontia, anodontia), or with dental excess (hyperodontia, over-teeth). In this paper we report a case of a 15-year-old boy with associated abnormalities of permanent dentition: mesiodens and palatal impacted cuspid at the maxillary dental arch and incisor anodontia at the mandibular dental arch. Orthodontic treatment aimed at resolving maxillary dental crowding, obtaining dental alignment, a stable and functional occlusal relationship and a satisfactory smile for the patient.
A systematic review of the clinical value and applications of three-dimensional virtual reconstructions in renal tumors
Authors: Moldovanu Claudia-Gabriela , Lebovici Andrei , Buruian Mircea Marian
Published: September 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) virtual reconstruction (VR) in the medical sciences has emerged as a novel, exciting and effective tool, with promising results for patients, trainees, and even experienced surgeons. The purpose of this review is to summarize the information on the clinical value and applications of 3D VR in renal tumors published in the last ten years. A literary search of PubMed-MEDLINE databases was performed to identify studies reporting the clinical application and usefulness of 3D VR models in renal tumors. Thirty-seven studies were found to meet the selection criteria and were included in the analysis. Most studies have provided a quantitative assessment focused on the accuracy of 3D VR models in replication of anatomy and renal tumor, on measuring 3D tumor volume and on the clinical value and utility of 3D VR in pre-surgical planning and simulation of renal procedures, with significant reductions of intraoperative complications. Fourteen studies provided a qualitative assessment of the usefulness of 3D VR models, with results showing an improved patient understanding of renal anatomy and pathology, improved undergraduate and postgraduate urology education. Moreover, 3D printing technology is a novel technique, and we are currently in the dynamic era, expanding into new surgical nephron-sparing procedures and the development of printed kidneys for transplantation.
Spring flood frequency analysis in the Southern Buh River Basin, Ukraine
Authors: Gorbachova Liudmyla O. , Prykhodkina Viktoria S. , Khrystiuk Borys F.
Published: September 2021

The river floods are among the most dangerous natural disasters in the world. Each year, the spring floods cause the significant material damage in the different countries, including Ukraine. Knowledge of trends in such floods, as well as their probabilistic forecast, is of great scientific and practical importance. In last decades, the decreasing phase of cyclical fluctuations of the maximum runoff of spring floods has been observed on the plain rivers of Ukraine, including the Southern Bug River. In addition, there is an increase in air temperature. So, the actual task is the determine the modern probable maximum discharges estimates of spring floods in the Southern Buh River Basin as well as their comparison with the estimates that were computed earlier. It gives an opportunity to reveal possible changes of the statistical characteristics and values of the probable maximum discharges, to analyze and to discuss the reasons for these changes. For the investigation, we used the time series of the maximum discharges of spring floods for 21 gauging stations in the Southern Buh River Basin since the beginning of the observations and till 2015. The method of the regression on the variable that is based on the data of analogues rivers was used to bringing up the duration of the time series and restoration of the gaps. In the study, the hydro-genetic methods for estimation of the homogeneity and stationarity of hydrological series, namely the mass curve, the residual mass curve and the combined graphs. The distributions of Kritskyi & Menkel and Pearson type III for the frequency analysis were used. It has been shown in this study that the maximum discharges of spring floods of time series are quasi-homogeneous and quasi-stationary. It is explained the presence in the observation series of only increasing and decreasing phases of cyclical fluctuations, their considerable duration, as well as the significant variability of the maximal flow. The series of maximal runoff of spring floods are very asymmetric, which significantly complicates the selection of analytical distribution curves. The updated current parameters of the maximal spring flood runoff have not changed significantly. It can be assumed that such characteristics have already become stable over time, as the series of maximal runoff of spring floods already have phases of increasing and decreasing of long-term cyclic fluctuations.
Analysis of zoning schemes of the territory of Ukraine for the purposes of optimization and management of recreational and tourist activities
Authors: Grinyuk Oleg Y. , Demianenko Svitlana O. , Kupach Tetiana H.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this publication is to analyze the existing set of results of scientific and applied research in the field of recreational and tourist zoning of Ukraine and identify methodological differences in existing schemes for planning the development of recreation and sectoral zoning. To achieve this goal, the study used a content method of analysis of a set of existing theoretical and methodological approaches to zoning, research and development on the organization and functioning of recreational territorial units. Methods of comparative analysis of the data on the formation of the territorial structure of tourist regions, determining the criteria for taxonomic classification of territorial recreational formations allowed to systematize information about existing world zoning systems and recreational and tourist territorial structure of Ukraine. The information base of the study is the regulatory documents, analytical and statistical materials of the WTO, NTO of Ukraine, scientific publications of leading Ukrainian and foreign researchers on zoning, in particular, zoning to manage and optimize tourism and recreational activities. The study involves schemes for the development and allocation of resources for tourism and recreation, zoning schemes in Ukraine, in the field of recreation and tourism, which were carried out in the period from 1960s to 2020s. Numerous schemes of recreational and tourist division of the country’s territory and its separate regions indicate the confusion of terminology, approaches, standards and rules for zoning the country. In Ukraine, there are sectoral zoning, which are based on the principles of “zona making” conception, however, most sectoral zonings are not compared and do not correlate. The principles laid down in the implementation of sectoral recreational and tourist zoning are not always coordinated with the regulations that exist in the system of spatial planning. The results of the analysis emphasize the urgency of unification of terminology, certainty with methodological approaches to taxonomic classification and selection of taxa within the country. Today the issues of formation of recreational, tourist, resort spaces for the purposes of efficient and rational nature use and development of a competitive national tourist product are solved without a single coordinated recreational and tourist zoning of the territory of Ukraine.
On stability with respect to the part of variables of a non-autonomous system in a cylindrical phase space
Authors: Buranov Jamshid I. , Khusanov Jumanazar Kh.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The stability problem of a system of differential equations with a right-hand side periodic with respect to the phase (angular) coordinates is considered. It is convenient to consider such systems in a cylindrical phase space which allows a more complete qualitative analysis of their solutions. The authors propose to investigate the dynamic properties of solutions of a non-autonomous system with angular coordinates by constructing its topological dynamics in such a space. The corresponding quasi-invariance property of the positive limit set of the system’s bounded solution is derived. The stability problem with respect to part of the variables is investigated basing of the vector Lyapunov function with the comparison principle and also basing on the constructed topological dynamics. Theorem like a quasi-invariance principle is proved on the basis of a vector Lyapunov function for the class of systems under consideration. Two theorems on the asymptotic stability of the zero solution with respect to part of the variables (to be more precise, non-angular coordinates) are proved. The novelty of these theorems lies in the requirement only for the stability of the comparison system, in contrast to the classical results with the condition of the corresponding asymptotic stability property. The results obtained in this paper make it possible to expand the usage of the direct Lyapunov method in solving a number of applied problems.
Mathematical modeling of a swirling jet in applications to low-emission combustion of low-grade fuels
Authors: Mizher Usama J. , Velmisov Peter A.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The search for new solutions in the field of energy, preventing negative impact on the environment, is one of the priority tasks for modern society. Natural gas occupies a stable position in the demand of the UES of Russia for fossil fuel. Biogas is a possible alternative fuel from organic waste. Biogas has an increased content of carbon dioxide, which affects the speed of flame propagation, and a lower content of methane, which reduces its heat of combustion. However, the combined combustion of natural gas and biogas, provided that the mixture of fuel and oxidizer is well mixed, can, on the one hand, reduce the maximum adiabatic temperature in the combustion chamber of power boilers at TPPs, and, on the other, increase the stability of biogas combustion. For the combined combustion of natural gas and biogas in operating power boilers, it is necessary to reconstruct the existing burners. For a high-quality reconstruction of burners capable of providing stable and low-toxic combustion of fuel, it is important to have theoretical data on the combustion effect of combustion of combinations of organic fuels on the temperature distribution in the combustion zone and on its maximum value. In this paper, self-similar solutions of the energy equation for axisymmetric motion of a liquid (gas) in a model of a viscous incompressible medium are obtained. Basing on them, a stationary temperature field in swirling jets is constructed. A set of programs based on the ANSYS Fluent software solver has been developed for modeling and researching of thermal and gas-dynamic processes in the combustion chamber. On the basis of the k - ϵ (realizable) turbulence model, the combustion process of a swirling fuel-air mixture is simulated. The results of an analytical and numerical study of the temperature and carbon dioxide distribution in the jet are presented.
Unmixed and Cohen–Macaulay Weighted Oriented Kőnig Graphs
Authors: Pitones Yuriko , Reyes Enrique , Villarreal Rafael H.
Published: September 2021

Let D be a weighted oriented graph, whose underlying graph is G, and let I (D) be its edge ideal. If G has no 3-, 5-, or 7-cycles, or G is Kőnig, we characterize when I (D) is unmixed. If G has no 3- or 5-cycles, or G is Kőnig, we characterize when I (D) is Cohen–Macaulay. We prove that I (D) is unmixed if and only if I (D) is Cohen–Macaulay when G has girth greater than 7 or G is Kőnig and has no 4-cycles.
Reproduction of the Results of Onyike et al. (2003)
Authors: Brown Nicholas J L , Van Rongen Jan B , Van de Velde Jakob , Williams Matt
Published: September 2021

Onyike et al. (2003) analyzed data from a large-scale US-American data set, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III), and reported an association between obesity and major depression, especially among people with severe obesity. Here, we report the results of a detailed replication of Onyike et al.’s analyses. While we were able to reproduce the majority of these authors’ descriptive statistics, this took a substantial amount of time and effort, and we found several minor errors in the univariate descriptive statistics reported in their Tables 1 and 2. We were able to reproduce most of Onyike et al.’s bivariate findings regarding the relationship between obesity and depression (Tables 3 and 4), albeit with some small discrepancies (e.g., with respect to the magnitudes of standard errors). On the other hand, we were unable to reproduce Table 5, containing Onyike et al.’s findings with respect to the relationship between obesity and depression when controlling for plausible confounding variables—arguably the paper’s most important results—because some of the included predictor variables appear to be either unavailable, or not coded in the way reported by Onyike et al., in the public NHANES-III data sets. We discuss the implications of our findings for the transparency of reporting and the reproducibility of published results.
Some applications of transversality for infinite dimensional manifolds
Authors: Eftekharinasab Kaveh
Published: September 2021

We present some transversality results for a category of Frechet manifolds, the so-called MCk - Frechet manifolds. In this context, we apply the obtained transversality results to construct the degree of nonlinear Fredholm mappings by virtue of which we prove a rank theorem, an invariance of domain theorem and a Bursuk-Ulam type theorem.
Atenção Primária em Saúde para imigrantes bolivianos no Brasil
Authors: Losco Luiza Nogueira , Gemma Sandra Francisca Bezerra
Published: September 2021

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com trinta bolivianos e com 49 profissionais de saúde que os atendem na Unidade Básica de Saúde do Bom Retiro, bairro de São Paulo, Brasil. Essas entrevistas foram analisadas por meio de cinco categorias temáticas, utilizando o método de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que a garantia do acesso não é o bastante para que o cuidado em saúde à população imigrante aconteça. Os atores políticos e os sujeitos sociais precisam estar envolvidos, organizados e preparados para que esse serviço realmente ocorra.
Violência obstétrica na visão de profissionais de saúde: a questão de gênero como definidora da assistência ao parto
Authors: Trajano Amanda Reis , Barreto Edna Abreu
Published: September 2021

Uma em cada quatro mulheres brasileiras sofre algum tipo de violência durante o trabalho de parto e o parto, visto que essa assistência é marcada por intervenções desnecessárias que levam à despersonificação e à inferiorização da mulher. Esta é uma pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, que analisou a violência obstétrica pelo viés de gênero com base na narrativa de profissionais de saúde que realizam assistência ao parto. Foi evidenciado que essa assistência é permeada por submissão, abusos físicos, verbais e psicológicos, mediante um modelo intervencionista de pessimização do parto. A mulher torna-se objeto de intervenção por ser considerada inferior, baseado em uma perspectiva pessimista sobre o corpo feminino, conforme conhecimento hegemônico pautado pela excessiva medicalização do parto.
Longer Distance Cycling for Interspecies Mobility Justice in Canada
Authors: Scott Nicholas
Published: September 2021

This article explores how longer distance cycling, by rendering distance as a conceptual measure embedded in the production of space rather than an abstract quantitative unit, can advance interspecies mobility justice. The article theorizes longer distance cycling not as some specific number of kilometres, but rather as the social production of cycling space across gentrified central cities, struggling inner suburbs, outlying exurbs and rural countrysides. I argue that longer distance cycling can advance interspecies mobility justice - a theory of (im)mobilities and justice that includes other-than-human individuals and habitats as worthy of our positive moral obligations - by promoting socially inclusive and ecologically good cycling practices that redress the active travel poverty of marginalized and colonized populations, while replacing rather than augmenting auto roads with active travel routes that help humans respect other species. To explore this argument my analysis focuses on Canada, an extreme context for longer distance cycling. I offer a comparison of two case studies, situated on the country's west and east coasts, Vancouver, British Columbia and Halifax, Nova Scotia, drawing on an ongoing ethnographic study of cycling practices and politics in Canada.
Bicycle highways as a ‘liquid’ policy concept
Authors: Lagendijk Arnoud , Ploegmakers Huub
Published: September 2021

The development and popularity of the e-bike is enabling an unexpected transport revolution, namely a substantive modal shift in regional commuting from car and transit to cycling. To achieve this, however, requires a major effort in constructing a high-quality and spacious cycling infrastructure connecting (sub)urban residential sites to nodes of work and study. In The Netherlands, such investments have resulted in the construction and planning of many new ‘fast’ cycleways, currently amounting to a list of 250 initiatives. Based on 25 interviews with planners, engineers and lobbyists, this paper traces the development of the fast-cycle path concept in The Netherlands the perspectives of ‘articulation’ and ‘liquidity’. We find that fast-cycle routes emerge as whole, coherent entities through six separate vocabularies, namely of demonstration, quality framing, policy order and contract, planning diplomacy, financial wizardry and design negotiation. Each vocabulary gives rise to a ‘global form’ fuelling the ‘currency’ and performativity of the fast-cycle route concept. Different contexts also induce considerable differentiation, raising the question how far the concept may be stretched.
БЛОКИРОВКА ИНТЕРНЕТ-РЕСУРСОВ: СУДЕБНАЯ ПРАКТИКА
Authors: Shablinskiy Iliya Georgievich
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматривается и обобщается судебная практика по делам, связанным с использованием новых информационных технологий. Объектом исследования являются в основном решения российских судов (общей юрисдикции и арбитражных) и Европейского Суда по правам человека. Дела, связанные с применением новых информационных технологий, вообще, можно уже выделить в отдельный блок, но в данной статье рассматривается судебная практика по такой категории дел как блокировка интернет- ресурсов. В статье констатируется, что в эпоху бурного развития новых информационных технологий государства в лице специальных служб и уполномоченных государственных органов предпринимают беспрецедентные усилия для того, чтобы и в рамках новых информационных отношений сохранить хотя бы частичный контроль за деятельностью новых акторов (блогеров, интернет- СМИ, интернет- платформ и т. д.). При этом они достаточно часто встречают полное понимание судов. Среди норм, регулирующих новую сферу отношений, достаточно часто встречаются (а в Российской Федерации доминируют) нормы ограничительные и запретительные. Возникавшие конфликты национальными судами нередко разрешались не в пользу граждан. В этой связи основания для озабоченности у юристов, занимающихся защитой прав, связанных с новыми информационными технологиями, остаются.
Резолюция научно-практической конференции с международным участием «Авторско-правовые проблемы в сфере промышленной собственности» 14 апреля 2021 года
Authors: Rospatent
Published: September 2021

Резолюция научно-практической конференции
Revisión del concepto de autorreferencia en la formación de terapeutas sistémicos
Authors: Bustamante Ortiz Arturo , Ramírez-Daza Leanne Melissa
Published: September 2021

Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo la identificación de los procesos autorreferenciales y su incidencia en la formación de los terapeutas sistémicos, específicamente en los contextos de supervisión sistémica, desde la perspectiva del aprendizaje y el cambio. Se realizó un análisis de tendencias, a partir del cual se eligieron 50 investigaciones, sistematizadas y analizadas mediante una matriz bibliográfica. Se examinaron los conceptos de autorreferencia, supervisión, formación de terapeutas con enfoque sistémico y estilo terapéutico, desde los cuales se identificaron las estrategias metodológicas establecidas en los procesos de formación de terapeutas sistémicos que permiten fortalecer los procesos autorreferenciales, la construcción del estilo terapéutico a partir del autoconocimiento, las relaciones que se construyen con los compañeros en el proceso de formación, el establecimiento de experiencias significativas en el rol de estudiantes y los retos que esto representa.
Applying Waveform Correlation to Reduce Seismic Analyst Workload Due to Repeating Mining Blasts
Authors: Sundermier Amy , Tibi Rigobert , Brogan Ronald A. , Young Christopher J.
Published: September 2021

Agencies that monitor for underground nuclear tests are interested in techniques that automatically characterize mining blasts to reduce the human analyst effort required to produce high-quality event bulletins. Waveform correlation is effective in finding similar waveforms from repeating seismic events, including mining blasts. We report the results of an experiment to detect and identify mining blasts for two regions, Wyoming (U.S.A.) and Scandinavia, using waveform templates recorded by multiple International Monitoring System stations of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO PrepCom) for up to 10 yr prior to the time of interest. We discuss approaches for template selection, threshold setting, and event detection that are specialized for characterizing mining blasts using a sparse, global network. We apply the approaches to one week of data for each of the two regions to evaluate the potential for establishing a set of standards for waveform correlation processing of mining blasts that can be generally applied to operational monitoring systems with a sparse network. We compare candidate events detected with our processing methods to the Reviewed Event Bulletin of the International Data Centre to assess potential reduction in analyst workload.
Body force equivalents for stress-drop seismic sources
Authors: Geller Robert J.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The equivalent body forces for a stress-drop seismic source are found. When the isotropic stress drop and one of the three principal stress drops are zero, then the equivalent body forces are the same double couple without moment which would result from a shear dislocation. In general however, all six stress-drop components must be specified as independent functions of time.
A note on Rayleigh-wave flattening corrections
Authors: North R. G. , Dziewonski A. M.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The effects of sphericity and gravity upon Rayleigh-wave dispersion are examined. The widely used empirical correction of Bolt and Dorman (1961), although originally determined from a limited set of earth models, appears to predict phase-velocity curves in a spherical gravitating earth from flat earth calculations to almost 1 per cent accuracy, as claimed, for five earth models chosen to reproduce the considerable range of observed dispersion. Its application in the past therefore does not seem likely to have introduced large errors in inversion of such dispersion to determine earth structure. The use of spherical gravitating earth normal mode calculations in computing dispersion is strongly urged: for those without access to the computing facilities required by the complexity of the numerical problem a new empirical correction based on flat earth group velocity is proposed. This predicts Rayleigh-wave phase velocity dispersion in a spherical gravitating earth to better than 0.4 per cent in the period range 10 to 200 sec. Even better precision can be obtained by application of the tables of corrections given for different types of crustal and upper mantle structures.
A study of microseismicity in Northern Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Johnson Tracy L. , Madrid Juan , Koczynski Theodore
Published: September 2021

abstract

Five microearthquake instruments were operated for 2 months in 1974 in a small mobile array deployed at various sites near the Agua Blanca and San Miguel faults. An 80-km-long dection of the San Miguel fault zone is presently active seismically, producing the vast majority of recorded earthquakes. Very low activity was recorded on the Agua Blanca fault. Events were also located near normal faults forming the eastern edge of the Sierra Juarez suggesting that these faults are active. Hypocenters on the San Miguel fault range in depth from 0 to 20 km although two-thirds are in the upper 10 km. A composite focal mechanism showing a mixture of right-lateral and dip slip, east side up, is similar to a solution obtained for the 1956 San Miguel earthquake which proved consistent with observed surface deformation.
Maternal and perinatal outcome in heart disease complicating pregnancy
Authors: Kumar Tanvi , Tandi Rishman , Thalla Amritaa
Published: September 2021

Background: Congenital as well as acquired heart diseases remain one of the important factors complicating pregnancy and remains a significant cause of maternal as well as perinatal morbidity and mortality. Pregnant women with cardiac diseases need a comprehensive management strategy to minimize the adverse effect of cardiac conditions on pregnancy and its outcome.Methods: This was an observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital located in an urban area. Pregnant patients diagnosed to be having congenital or acquired heart diseases and admitted either in ward, labour room or intensive care unit were included in this study on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed history was taken and clinical examination was done in all the cases. Patients were classified according to New York Heart Association. Maternal and perinatal Outcome was studied in cases.Results: The incidence of cardiac disease amongst pregnant patients during study period was found to be 0.58%. The mean age of studied cases was found to be 23.16±5.06 years. Most of the patients were primigravida (85.71%) and 6 patients (14.29%) were multigravida. The majority of the patients (76.19%) belonged to NYHA grade I whereas 8 (19.05%) patients belonged to NYHA class II. 1 patient belonged to NYHA Class III and Class IV respectively. Isolated mitral stenosis secondary to rheumatic valvular involvement was the single most common lesion seen in studied cases and was seen in 8 (19.05%) patients. Ventricular septal defect was most common congenital heart disease (14.28%). 26 (61.90 %) delivered by normal vaginal delivery whereas emergency and elective LSCS was done in 9 (21.43%) and 6 (14.29%) patients respectively. nature of cardiac disease was common factor for elective cesarean section which was done in 5 cases (11.90%). Postpartum cardiac failure (14.29%) and postpartum hemorrhage (9.52%) were common maternal complications. 24 (57.14%) neonates required admission in neonatal intensive care unit. The most common indication for NICU admission was found to be low birth weight (23.81%) followed by birth asphyxia (19.05%).Conclusions: Cardiac disease in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of maternal as well as perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and management during pregnancy is essential to reduce maternal as well as perinatal outcome in these cases.
Anxiety level in pregnant women in the first year of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tamburaci Esra
Published: September 2021

Background: The study was aimed to determine the effect of the ongoing infection on the anxiety level of pregnant women during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: In this study, a structured questionnaire and the Beck anxiety inventory were administered to pregnant women who volunteered to participate in the research among the ones who applied to the outpatient clinic for routine prenatal care from January 2021-March 2021.Results: The study featured 200 pregnant women with a mean age of 28.3±6.8 years and a range of 18-45 years. The patients were divided into four groups according to their Beck score as minimal (38.5%), mild (42%), moderate (15.5%), and severe (4%) levels of anxiety. Women with moderate and severe levels of anxiety were observed to have higher rates of fear of getting infected with COVID-19, fear of infecting the baby, fear of death due to COVID-19, fear of losing her relative due to COVID-19, fear of losing her baby due to COVID-19, and fear of quarantine (p<0.001). Factors that independently affected the level of anxiety in pregnant women were examined by multivariate linear regression analysis. It was found that increasing age (β=0.246; p<0.001), fear of getting infected with COVID-19 (β=0.375; p<0.001), fear of death due to COVID-19 (β=0.105; p=0.044) and fear of losing her baby due to COVID-19 (β=0.205; p<0.001) positively associated with anxiety levels.Conclusions: Because of the detrimental impact on both the mother and the infant, perinatal mental wellbeing is a major public health concern. Thus, aside from the follow-up of pregnant women by a multidisciplinary team of perinatology, neonatology, and intensive care specialists, it is essential to provide psychosocial support during the pandemic.
Partogram: an important tool in managing labour!
Authors: Mukherjee Swagatha , M. Raksha , V. Malini K.
Published: September 2021

Background: Various types and designs of partographs are being used at various centers. WHO introduced simplified version of partogram, for the use by skilled birth attendant. Preprinted paper versions of the partograph are availableMethods: 100 antenatal women were selected for study. Patients with vertex presentation and singleton pregnancy were taken. Patients who came late in labour and those with cephalopelvic disproportion were not included in the study. Cervical Dilatation in cms was assessed by per vaginal examination every 2 hourly, fetal Heart Rate every ½ hourly, uterine contractions and maternal pulse measured every ½ hourly, maternal BP and temperature were measured every 4th hourly.Results: Using WHO simplified partogram, characteristics of labour and neonatal outcome was evaluated. Among the 100 women included in the study, 78 required augmentation of labour, here 6 of them crossed the alert line and underwent LSCS. Of the 22 women who did not require augmentation, 4 crossed the alert line and underwent LSCS.We didn’t find any difference in monitoring of labour using simplified version of WHO partogram compared with other partograms, apparently it’s more simpler to plot and easy to understand.Conclusions: An alert line on partogram should be based on lower 10th centile rate of cervical dilatation of the local population. We found this rate as 1cm/hr, which corresponds to the slope of alert lineon standard partogram. Based on this we conclude, simplified partogram is good enough for monitoring labour progress.
Comparative efficacy of admission cardiotocography in high risk and low risk pregnancies in predicting neonatal outcome
Authors: Nandmer Gurpreet Kaur , Jaiswal Shivangi , Namdeo Pooja
Published: September 2021

Background: Admission cardiotocography (CTG) is a test of fetal wellbeing performed during labor. A normal CTG is for 20-30 minutes and ranges from 110-160 bpm with beat to beat variability, two accelerations and no decelerations with two contractions (as per NICE 2018 guidelines). To study comparative efficacy of admission CTG in predicting neonatal out in high risk, low risk and universally in all pregnancy.Methods: All high risk as well as low risk patients coming to labor room in labor were included in the study. CTG print was taken, and neonatal outcome as NICU admission were noted after taking written consent.Results: 189 cases were taken.138 were high risk cases, CTG was taken: 91were reassuring, 47were abnormal (non-reassuring +abnormal). In terms of NICU admission, 21 and 26 neonates were admitted. Out of 51 low risk cases, 33 had reassuring CTG, and18 had abnormal; 7and 6 was the number of NICU admission, respectively. When compared, highest sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of 55.31%, 77% and 55.3% was seen in high risk pregnancy, whereas negative predictive value (78.8%) was slightly higher in low risk cases.Conclusions: Admission CTG is a good predictor of neonatal outcome. Its predictive efficacy is more in high risk cases. It’s practicality in revealing poor neonatal outcome is more.
Ovarian tumors in patients aged upto 20 years: a longitudinal study conducted in a tertiary care centre, West Bengal, India
Authors: Mukherjee Bijoya , Das Anindya Kumar
Published: September 2021

Background: International treatment guidelines dedicated to children and adolescents are not yet established, hence need for such studies like ours is required to throw light on demographic variations of ovarian tumors and developing specific guidelines for their management.Methods: It was a descriptive longitudinal study undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from February 2018 to July 2019. According to prevalence in our setup, 50 cases of adolescent girls and children were taken for study and subjected to thorough clinical assessment and investigations. After proper diagnosis, surgery was performed in all cases and depending upon histopathology and cytology, adjuvant chemotherapy was given in selected cases. Patients were followed up till 6 months after discharge.Results: The most common symptom was found to be abdominal pain (42%), most common sign abdominal mass (38%). Out of 50 cases, 12% were found to be malignant, all of germ cell origin. Epithelial tumors were found to be the most common ovarian tumors (52%) up to 20 years of age, out of which benign tumors had 48% epithelial origin. However, up to 10 years of age, germ cell tumors were found to be the most common (75%). Only 1 malignant case expired, belonging to mixed germ cell variety of advanced stage.Conclusions: Ovarian neoplasm is highly challenging, especially in adolescents and children due to the need for fertility preservation. Early detection, optimal therapy and intense follow up with psychological support to patients and families are the mainstay of treatment.
Recurrence of borderline ovarian tumors: a survival analysis
Authors: Punneshetty Sahana , Thomas Anitha , Thomas Dhanya Susan , Chandy Rachel George , Daniel Sherin , Milton Sharon , Peedicayil Abraham , Sebastian Ajit
Published: September 2021

Background: Borderline ovarian tumors are non-invasive tumors that display greater epithelial proliferation and cytological atypia than benign tumors, but less than carcinomas. They may be treated conservatively in young women, however there is a concern for recurrence and progression to frank malignancy. We aimed to study the clinicopathological features of borderline ovarian tumors and their risk of recurrence.Methods: We reviewed the electronic and paper charts of all borderline ovarian tumors operated between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2019 at a tertiary level teaching hospital in India. Descriptive statistics such as proportions and means were used. A survival analysis was done for recurrence and death.Results: A total of 93 borderline ovarian tumor patients were identified. The most common histology in our study was mucinous 60 (63%) followed by serous 28 (29%). Ninety two (99%) of them were stage I at diagnosis. Microinvasion was present in 27 (26%) of the cases. Out of the 30 fertility sparing operations performed (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy/cytectomy), 4 (13%) had recurrences and progressed to malignancy. The overall malignancy rate was 4%. There was one mortality secondary to septic shock.Conclusions: Borderline ovarian tumors account for 10-20% of ovarian epithelial tumors and have extremely good prognosis affecting majorly the reproductive aged women. The low recurrence rate and good five year survival rate, at all the stages of the disease enables to incorporate fertility sparing surgeries as part of the staging.
Maternal and fetal outcome in abruptio placentae at a tertiary care centre: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Fernandes Jessica C. , Gopalakrishna Nandini
Published: September 2021

Background: Placental abruption is a major obstetric complication leading to increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. Placental abruption is traditionally defined as premature separation of a normally implanted placenta after 20 weeks of gestation and before delivery of the fetus. Early recognition of the risk factors, timely diagnosis and early intervention can significantly reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study was aimed to identify the associated risk factors with abruptio placenta and to analyse the maternal and perinatal outcome in abruptio placenta.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study, from Jan 2016 to Dec 2019 at M.S. Ramaiah medical college and hospitals, Bangalore.Results: In our study, the incidence of abruptio placenta was 0.95%. Majority of our patients were between 20-24 years (41.5%). Primigravidae accounted for 46.15% of the cases. The unbooked cases were 92%. The commonest risk factor was hypertension complicating pregnancy which accounted for 26% .The live births were 64%. Postpartum haemorrhage was one of the major complications in our study. There was no maternal mortality, probably due to early intervention and availability of blood and blood products.Conclusions: Timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention preferably in tertiary care centre will significantly reduce mortality and morbidity in both mother and fetus.
Effect of postpartum counseling on adoption of family planning within six months in women delivered in SSG Hospital: an interventional study
Authors: Patel Sangita V. , Malkhede Swapnil , Shah Maitri , Chugh Latika , Patel Jesal H. , Parmar Ajay
Published: September 2021

Background: Increased family planning helps to reduce maternal mortality and infant mortality. Unmet need is spacing of birth for younger women and is the limitation of births for older women; both of which can be fulfilled by rigorous counseling. so the present study was conducted to measure the proportion of targeted women adopting family planning methods after postpartum counseling and to find out the type and timing of adoption.Methods: A Non-randomized control trial was conducted. The study was carried out at the postpartum delivery ward of the obstetrics and gynecology department of SSG Hospital. 103 participants in the intervention group and 103 participants in the control group were interviewed.Counseling and leaflet were given to the intervention group. The washout period was kept for one week. In the next week in the control group usual counseling was given by the counselor (standard of care). Second interview of the same participants was done telephonically or home visits after the 6 months to see the adoption of family planning method.Results: Within six months of delivery, acceptance of contraceptive methods was more in intervention group (72.85%) than in control group (48.52%). Condom was the most common type of contraceptive intervention used in both interventional group (51.45%) and control group (36.76%) followed by Copper T use which was 14.21% in interventional group and 8.82% in control group. Majority of the women adopted contraceptives within two months of intervention.Conclusions: Counseling may help in adoption of family planning methods among postpartum women.
Development and management of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in spontaneous singleton pregnancy
Authors: Kantarcı Sercan , Akpak Yaşam Kemal , Öztürk Betül , Oral Serkan , Emre Atakan , İleri Alper , Budak Adnan , Tosun Gökhan , İnan Hamdi , Özeren Mehmet
Published: September 2021

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is one of the most life-threatening complications of ovulation induction. However, rarely, OHSS can develop spontaneously during pregnancy without induction of ovulation. It has been shown in the literature that some diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hypothyroidism, and pituitary adenoma may accompany spontaneous OHSS. Spontaneous OHSS should be included in the differential diagnosis in first-trimester pregnancies with nausea, vomiting, and acute abdomen. The focus should be on preventing possible complications and initiating early treatment immediately after diagnosis.
Torsion hematosalpinx concurrent with acute appendicitis
Authors: Kanabar Vishwa G. , Kotecha Ravi N. , Thakan Ramesh
Published: September 2021

Isolated fallopian tube torsion is very rare which is reported to be 1 in 1.5 million women. Fallopian tube torsion is commonly associated with hydrosalpinx, hematosalpinx or paratubal cysts such as hydatids of Morgagni. Fallopian tube torsion generally presents a diagnostic dilemma because symptoms and signs mimics ovarian torsion such as acute lower abdominal pain, vomiting, tenderness on palpation but ultrasound may show normal ipsilateral ovary. Right sided adnexal torsion may be difficult to differentiate from acute appendicitis clinically. In such cases ultrasound is helpful but diagnostic laparoscopy is gold standard. We encountered a rare case of torsion hematosalpinx concurrent with acute appendicitis. Patient was presented with acute onset severe lower abdominal pain associated with vomiting and tenderness in right iliac fossa. It was diagnosed as acute tip appendicitis and right adnexal cystic mass either hydrosalpinx/hematosalpinx in ultrasonography. Laparoscopy was done and it was found to be right sided torsion hematosalpinx along with inflamed tip of appendix. Right sided salpingectomy and appendicectomy was done laparoscopically. Fallopian tube torsion should be suspected and diagnostic laparoscopy should be considered in cases of acute onset lower abdominal pain in which ovarian pathology was not found in ultrasonography, that helps in earlier intervention and even in early cases fallopian tube can be salvaged.
Rare cause of unexplained hypertension in an oligomenorrheic adolescent girl with adnexal mass: case report and review of literature
Authors: Sethi Ankita , Kulshrestha Vidushi , Kaushal Seema , Bhatla Neerja
Published: September 2021

A 17-year-old girl with oligomenorrhoea was detected to have hypertension and right adnexal solid-cystic mass, 6×8 cm on ultrasound. Hormone profile was normal, CA-125 was 132.5 U/mL, other tumour markers were in normal range; though RMI-4 and ROMA index suggested malignancy. Patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, peritoneal wash cytology, right salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy and omental biopsy. Intraoperative frozen-section revealed ovarian steroid cell tumour. Later, steroid cell tumour-not otherwise specified (SCT-NOS) was confirmed on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. When followed three months post-surgery, patient had resumed 30-32 days menstrual-cycle, and she was normotensive without medications. This case is being reported to emphasize that imaging though not recommended for evaluation of PCOS in adolescence; and measuring blood-pressure which is often skipped in young women; proved crucial in this patient.