bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors That Affect Exercise Habits of College Students
Authors: Eichorn Luke , Bruner Kayla , Short Taylor , Abraham Samuel P.
Published: March 2018

Various factors affect the exercise habits of college students. Some of these factors include sleep habits, diet, social life, homework, and other extracurricular activities. Although college students are aware of some of these influencing agents, they do not always take the necessary steps to change their habits. Exercise habits that an individual adheres to while in college would often determine their exercise habits for the rest of their lives. The purpose of this study was to determine the various factors that affect the exercise habits of college students. In this research, a convenience sample of 124 college students participated in a cross-sectional survey. The results indicated that the top reasons college students exercised was to remain healthy (M = 3.42, SD = 0.64), to gain the positive feeling that comes from exercise (M = 3.22, SD = 0.74); to join with friends who exercised (M = 2.99, SD = 0.72); and when feeling overweight (M = 2.96, SD = 0.88). Participants gave increased agreement to the item, “Having an increased homework load decreases the time I spend for exercise” (M = 3.10, SD = 0.86). This study may be useful for educators to teach and inform college students on the factors that affect exercise habits. A recommendation is to promote time management skills that are intentional about leaving adequate time for exercise. Teaching students how to balance personal life, school, and work will leave more time for them to exercise, and therefore, increase their health overall. Based on the health belief model, both positive and negative self-perceptions are motivating factors that causes people to take necessary steps to stay healthy.
La práctica profesional en la formación para la traducción de textos especializados: el caso de la traducción de textos socioeconómicos
Authors: ENRÍQUEZ ARANDA MERCEDES
Published: March 2018

La traducción de textos socioeconómicos supone un reto para la formación del traductor dada la amplitud de tipologías textuales y de competencias que engloba su concepto. Su alto grado de especialización convierte el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de esta materia en un desafío tanto para discentes como para docentes dentro las estructuras propias de los diversos planes de estudio de los títulos universitarios de grado en España. En este trabajo se aborda el diseño curricular de un módulo especializado en traducción socioeconómica dentro del Título de Grado en Traducción e Interpretación por la Universidad de Málaga. Se parte del contexto formativo general que ofrece el Título para describir en particular cómo se aborda una formación académica en este ámbito especialmente orientada a la práctica profesional. Dadas las limitaciones temporales impuestas por el plan de estudios, urge aplicar en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de esta materia un enfoque profesional por una razón principal: se potencia la motivación de los alumnos por este campo de especialización que, en principio, se les presenta hostil en contenidos. Con la adecuada contextualización de las actividades traductoras formativas y la gradación de dificultad de las mismas, el alumno ubica su labor traductora en un todo laboral hacia el cual se le termina de encaminar en etapas posteriores de su formación. Las sugerencias didácticas que se aportan son susceptibles de ser modificadas para su uso en contextos similares.
Las traducciones al inglés de Le Deuxième Sexe de Simone de Beauvoir: Prostitutas y hetairas
Authors: RODRIGUEZ MUÑOZ MARIA LUISA
Published: March 2018

En el presente estudio cotejamos las dos traducciones al inglés existentes del capítulo sobre la prostitución del Segundo Sexo de Simone de Beauvoir con el original a fin de constatar las polémicas alteraciones de la primera versión anglosajona al completo y sus efectos. De esta forma, abordamos un análisis traductológico que, si bien parte de la descripción de todos los agentes del encargo y de las afirmaciones realizadas por filósofas como Moi (2002), se detiene en el aspecto microtextual de un corpus mucho más breve no estudiado en profundidad desde esta perspectiva bidimensional (proceso/producto).
Análisis estilístico del habla de Mr. Grimwig en Oliver Twist, de Charles Dickens, y su traducción al español
Authors: RUANO SAN SEGUNDO PABLO
Published: March 2018

En este artículo se lleva a cabo un análisis traductológico del habla de Mr. Grimwig en Oliver Twist, de Charles Dickens, en las versiones españolas de Alfredo Yáñez, Vergara y José Méndez Herrera. El objetivo del estudio consiste en medir el grado de acierto de estas tres traducciones en el traslado al español de un aspecto de importancia cardinal en el estilo dickensiano: la memorabilidad de sus personajes como recurso de caracterización en el marco de la novela por entregas decimonónica inglesa. Con apariciones aisladas en únicamente cuatro capítulos de la historia, Mr. Grimwig constituye un ejemplo paradigmático de las técnicas de caracterización del autor, pues es acreedor de un habla idiosincrásica que le individualiza y facilita su reconocimiento en el transcurso de la historia. En este artículo se analiza en qué medida esa habla es producto de la publicación fasciculada original de la novela, así como el modo en el que los traductores españoles la trasladan al español, de tal suerte que pueda comprobarse si las versiones objeto de estudio —y en caso de que así sea, hasta qué punto— conservan uno de los marchamos estilísticos más representativos del autor victoriano.
The Endocrine System at a Glance: Problemas y técnicas de traducción en el capítulo “Chemical Transmission”
Authors: VILLA JIMÉNEZ ROSALÍA
Published: March 2018

El discurso científico, en el que se enmarcan los textos médicos, persigue fines informativos, didácticos y comunicativos. Por ello, atiende a las siguientes particularidades: a) la veracidad, b) la precisión y c) la claridad (Navarro González, 2009). Sin embargo, persiste el uso de una sintaxis compleja, así como la utilización de elipsis, gerundios o incisos que pueden ser óbice para la comprensión del mensaje. En el presente trabajo se analizarán los principales problemas de traducción encontrados durante la actividad traductora del capítulo 2 del manual The Endocrine System at a Glance (2011), a los que se les dará solución mediante una determinada técnica de traducción (Hurtado Albir, 2011).
PENINDAKAN TERHADAP PENGEMIS PERSPEKTIF YUSUF AL QARADHAWI (ANALISIS PASAL 504 KUHP TENTANG PERBUATAN MENGEMIS DI MUKA UMUM)
Authors: Sari Seva Maya
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengkaji secara mendalam terkait penindakan terhadap pengemis perspektif Yusuf Al Qaradhawi (analisis pasal 504 KUHP tentang perbuatan mengemis di muka umum). Studi ini diarahkan pada penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research) dengan sumber data primer KUHP dan buku Yusuf Al Qaradhawi“Al ḥalāl wa al ḥarām dan Musykilah al Faqr wa kaifa ‘alajahā al Islām” beserta sumber data sekunder melalui kajian literatur yang relevan dengan masalah yang diteliti. Setelah data berhasil dikumpulkan dan dianalisis. Maka diperoleh hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: Pertama, kegiatan pengemisan dikualifikasikan sebagai suatu tindak pidana pelanggaran di bidang ketertiban umum sebagaimana diatur secara jelas dalam pasal 504 KUHP. Ketentuan tersebut menegaskan pengemisan yang dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana hanya pengemisan yang dilakukan di tempat umum. Kedua, Al Qaradhawi memiliki pandangan yang berbeda dengan KUHP dalam penindakan terhadap pengemis. Penindakan tersebut berdasarkan  membedakan jenis pengemis, ada yang boleh dan ada yang haram meminta-minta. Dan beliau juga mengemukakan masing-masing cara penanggulangannya, untuk pengemis yang diharamkan, penguasa boleh memberikan ta’zir, dan untuk pengemis yang dibolehkan, jalan yang dapat ditempuh diantaranya dengan memberdayakan zakat, infak dan sedekah dengan baik serta membantu mereka memperoleh pekerjaan. Ketiga, Konsep Al Qaradhawi dalam penindakan terhadap pengemis sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat Indonesia yang kompleks, sehingga prospek kedepannya konsep ini dapat di jadikan acuan dalam pembaharuan hukum pidana tentang penindakan terhadap pengemis, dikarenakan permasalahan pengemis semakin kompleks dan kemiskinan masih menjadi faktor yang dominan yang mendorong melakukan perbuatan mengemis.
Zakat dan Kebudayaan Menenun Di Sambas, Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Kalbarini Rahmah Yulisa , Widiastuti Tika
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pentingnya pemberdayaan zakat bagi kesejahteraan mustahik dan masyarakat Sambas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kasus dengan cara observasi dan wawancara kepada informan. Hasil penelitian didapat bahwa tenun telah ada di Kabupaten Sambas sejak tahun 1675 M. Kesejahteraan para penenun kain Sambas diukur dari peningkatan pendapatan dan kemandirian dalam memproduksi dan memasarkan kain tenun sambas. Dompet Ummat adalah Lembaga Amil Zakat berbasis di Pontianak yang memiliki dua program utama yaitu pemberian bantuan dan pemberdayaan kepada mustahik. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan oleh Dompet Ummat untuk melestarikan kain tenun sambas adalah dengan melakukan pemberdayaan kepada penenun kain sambas menggunakan dana zakat yang telah terkumpul.
Evaluation of UV/S2O8 process efficiency for removal of metronidazole (MNZ) from aqueous solutions
Authors: Zarei Amin Allah , Tavassoli Parisa , Bazrafshan Edris
Published: March 2018

Antibiotics are known today as emerging contaminants due to potentially adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and the health of humans and animals, even at very low concentrations. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the UV/S2O8 process and affecting factors (pH, initial metronidazole (MNZ) concentration, initial persulfate concentration and reaction time) in removing antibiotic MNZ. The results obtained from the experiments showed that the UV/S2O8 process efficiency is higher in acidic pH values due to production of further radical SO4− and increases with extended contact time, but the efficiency of the process is reduced by increasing the concentration of MNZ. In assessing the effect of initial persulfate concentration on the process efficiency, MNZ removal efficiency was also increased by 99.5% after contact time of 35 min with increasing the initial persulfate concentration up to 1 g/L. However, the process efficiency was decreased at higher concentrations (2 mg/L) due to reaction of sulfate radicals with each other or with persulfate and its saturation. The kinetic data fitted the pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R2 > 99%). The findings of this study clearly demonstrated the high potential of the UV/S2O8 process in the degradation of MNZ.
Modeling the biotransformation of trimethoprim in biological nutrient removal system
Authors: Ogunlaja Olumuyiwa O. , Parker Wayne J.
Published: March 2018

A pilot scale biological nutrient removal (BNR) process, batch experiments and modeling exercises were employed to investigate the removal and biotransformation of trimethoprim (TMP) in a BNR activated sludge process. The concentrations of the active microbial groups – ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHOs) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) – in the BNR bioreactor were quantified through modeling of the pilot bioreactor. The overall TMP removal efficiency for the pilot BNR process was 64 ± 14% while the TMP biotransformation efficiencies in the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zones were 22 ± 20%, 27 ± 8% and 36 ± 5% respectively. Batch tests with and without nitrification inhibition showed that AOB played a role in the biotransformation of TMP in BNR activated sludge. A pseudo first order model which incorporated the contributions of PAOs, OHOs and AOB to the overall biodegradation of TMP was found to describe the biodegradation of TMP in batch tests with and without nitrification inhibition. This model showed that PAOs, OHOs and AOB contributed towards the biotransformation of TMP in aerobic BNR activated sludge with the biotransformation rate constants following the trend of kAOB > kOHOs > kPAOs.
The Emerging Therapeutic Landscape of Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Henriques Vanessa , Martins Teresa , Link Wolfgang , Ferreira Bibiana I.
Published: March 2018

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer being responsible for 80% of skin cancer deaths. Furthermore,
the incidence of metastatic melanoma has increased over the past three decades with a mortality rate
that continues to rise faster than most of all other cancers. The last few years have witnessed an unparalleled
change in treatment options for patients with metastatic melanoma by the development of new therapeutic strategies
like targeted therapies and immunotherapies that highly improved the patient’s prognosis. Despite the paradigm-
shifting success of these novel treatments, their effectiveness is still limited by intrinsic or acquired resistance.
The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the new available treatment modalities, criteria to
select patients who might benefit from a specific therapy, mechanisms of innate and acquired resistance to these
treatments and to discuss strategies to overcome drug resistance.
Preparation of Potent Leptin Receptor Antagonists and Their Therapeutic Use in Mouse Models of Uremic Cachexia and Kidney Fibrosis
Authors: Mak Robert H. , Cheung Wai W. , Solomon Gili , Gertler Arieh
Published: March 2018

Leptin antagonists (L39A/D40A/F4lA mutants) of mouse, human, rat and ovine leptins were developed
in our laboratory by rational mutagenesis, expressed in Escherichia coli, refolded and purified to
homogeneity. Pegylation of these antagonists resulted in long-acting reagents suitable for in-vivo studies. Further
selection of high-affinity leptin antagonists was achieved by random mutagenesis of the whole open
reading frame followed by yeast- surface display; an additional mutation (D23L) increased their affinity toward
leptin receptor 60-fold. This superactive pegylated mouse leptin antagonist (PLA) exhibited a strong
orexigenic effect, leading, in 10–14 days, to a 40% increase in body weight resulting mainly from obesity;
this was reversed once PLA treatment was ceased. Cachexia is common in patients with Chronic Kidney
Disease (CKD). Our studies suggested that leptin mediates cachexia by decreasing food intake while increasing
energy consumption in CKD mice. We showed that PLA ameliorates CKD-associated cachexia in
mice. Leptin may also contribute to the development of muscle and renal fibrosis in CKD, serious complications
associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling may be
the most potent mediator of fibrogenesis in multiple organs, and leptin is a co-activator of TGF-β. Muscle
fibrosis was evident in our CKD mice and PLA treatment significantly reduced the mRNA levels of TGF-
β1 and its downstream targets in their muscle and renal tissues. PLA may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for
CKD-associated cachexia, muscle and renal fibrosis to improve CKD patients' survival and quality of life.
A High-throughput Screening of a Chemical Compound Library in Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Ricci F. , Carrassa L. , Christodoulou M. S. , Passarella D. , Michel B. , Benhida R. , Martinet N. , Hunyadi A. , Ioannou E. , Roussis V. , Musso L. , Dallavalle S. , Silvestri R. , Westwood N. , Mori M. , Ingallina C. , Botta B. , Kavetsou E. , Detsi A. , Majer Z. , Hudecz F. , Bosze S. , Kaminska B. , Hansen T.V. , Bertrand P. , Athanassopoulos C. M. , Damia G.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Epithelial ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis, mostly due to its late
diagnosis and the development of drug resistance after a first platinum-based regimen. The presence
of a specific population of “cancer stem cells” could be responsible of the relapse of the tumor and
the development of resistance to therapy. For this reason, it would be important to specifically target
this subpopulation of tumor cells in order to increase the response to therapy.

Method:

We screened a chemical compound library assembled during the COST CM1106 action to
search for compound classes active in targeting ovarian stem cells. We here report the results of the
high-throughput screening assay in two ovarian cancer stem cells and the differentiated cells derived
from them.

Results and Conclusion:

Interestingly, there were compounds active only on stem cells, only on
differentiated cells, and compounds active on both cell populations. Even if these data need to be
validated in ad hoc dose response cytotoxic experiments, the ongoing analysis of the compound
structures will open up to mechanistic drug studies to select compounds able to improve the
prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.
Synthesis of Novel Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxicity and EGFR Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Adly Mina E. , Gedawy Ehab M. , El-Malah Afaf A. , El-Telbany Farag A.
Published: March 2018

Background:

4-Substitutedaminoquinazoline scaffolds were reported to possess potent cytotoxic
and EGFR inhibitory activity such as gefitinib (Iressa), erlotinib (Tarceva) and tandutinib.

Objective:

Synthesis of novel 4-substitutedaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as bioisosters of
4-substitutedaminoquinazoline derivatives with potential cytotoxic and EGFR inhibitory activity.

Methods:

Novel 4-substitutedaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 4a-i and 5a-c were synthesized via
reacting corresponding 4-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 3a-c with N-methylpiperazine, morpholine,
N-phenylpiperazine or 1,3-propanediamine. Six compounds (2a, 4d, 4e, 5a-c) were selected by the
National Cancer Institute (USA) for evaluating their cytotoxic activity using 60 different human tumor cell
lines using a single dose (10-5 Molar). The rest of the synthesized compounds (2b, 2c, 3a-c, 4a-c and 4f-i)
were subjected to screening against T47D breast cancer cell line using a single dose (10-5 Molar) at Pharmacology
lab., Cancer biology lab., Egyptian National Institute. Moreover, compounds 2a and 4b-e were subjected
to further evaluation by IC50 determination. Finally, the inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR) was then investigated for the most active compounds 2a and 4d.

Results:

Compounds 2a and 4b-e showed significant cytotoxic activity. Compound 2a was more potent than
doxorubicin against lung cancer cell line A549 with IC50 = 13.40 μM and comparable activity against MCF7.
Compound 4d exhibited more potent activity than Doxorubicin against prostate PC3 (IC50 = 14.13 µM) while
showed comparable activity against MCF7 and T47D.

Conclusion:

4-Substitutedaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine is a promising backbone for the design and synthesis
of potent cytotoxic leads.
HPLC Analysis of Phenolic Acids, Antioxidant Activity and in vitro Effectiveness of Green and Roasted Caffea arabica Bean Extracts: A Comparative Study
Authors: El-Nabi Sobhy Hassab , Dawoud Gouda T.M. , El-Garawani Islam , El-Shafey Samraa
Published: March 2018

Background:

Coffee is a popular drink; it is one of the most commercialized food products and a rich
source of biologically active compounds that are important for human health.

Aims:

This study aimed to prove the anticancer activity of Green Coffee (GC) and Roasted Coffee (RC) bean
aqueous extracts (Coffea arabica) on breast cancer adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and the safety of both
extracts on normal Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes culture (HPBL).

Methods:

Total phenolic content for GC and RC extracts was measured and result of both extracts were
(0.308±0.016 & 0.233±0.013mg/g) respectively. The phenolic acids were screened by HPLC at the wavelength
of 254& 278 and 300 nm and 5-caffeoylquinic acids (Chlorogenic acid), the predominant form of phenolic
acids, was identified in GC and RC samples. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) as well as the free
radical scavenging activity (DPPH) proved the antioxidant properties of both extracts. The DPPH IC50 mean
values of GC and RC extracts were (2.4±0.08, 2.3±0.16 µg/ml) respectively. Cytotoxicity of both extracts on
MCF-7 cells were evaluated by neutral red uptake assay which showed the IC50 mean values (377±5.7,500±8.1
µg/ml) for GC and RC extracts respectively. The safety of both extracts (0, 125, 250, 500 µg/ml) on HPBL was
evaluated in vitro using trypan blue exclusion method and DNA single strand breaks (alkaline comet assay).

Results:

Result revealed non-significant cytotoxic difference (P<0.001) between cultures especially at lower
doses of GC and RC extracts except the highest dose of GC and RC extract which showed slightly significant
damage (P<0.001).

Conclusion:

This study proved that GC and RC aqueous extracts were found to be selectively cytotoxic in vitro
to cancerous cells (MCF-7 cell line) causing cell death with no cytotoxicity on normal human lymphocytes
especially at lower doses.
Managing Agricultural Research for Prosperity and Food Security in 2050: Comparison of Performance, Innovation Models and Prospects
Authors: Payumo Jane G. , Assem Shireen , Bhooshan Neeru , Galhena Hashini , Mbabazi Ruth , Maredia Karim
Published: March 2018

Background:

Agriculture faces unprecedented developmental challenges globally. At the same time, rapid advances in agricultural research and innovation at the global, regional and national levels, offer unprecedented opportunities, improving performance across the entire agriculture product value chain.

Objective:

This paper highlights a multi-case study on six emerging economies in Asia and Africa and representative institutions, where opportunities for agricultural-led development are being explored to address pressing global challenges and transform agriculture into a vibrant and competitive sector.

Methods:

Drawing from secondary data and using a case study approach, this paper provides an overview and benchmarking of agricultural R&D indicators and policies at the country and institutional levels.

Results:

Findings reveal varying levels of agricultural development and successes of the six countries: Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Uganda, Kenya, in terms of agricultural performance, R&D investments and implementation of policies in managing modern agricultural innovations, intellectual property, technology transfer and public-private sector partnership in research and economic development. The paper presents some best practices and suggested measures that may be useful references for emerging economies and institutions with similar interests and initiatives to integrate agricultural research and technology transfer.

Conclusion:

Current successes and learning reveal changing and improving capacities in research and technology transfer in selected countries. However, sustaining success will require active policies to govern and promote investment in agricultural research and innovation, strategic partnerships for translating research to practice, and continuous capacity building and human resource development remain to be key ingredients for sustaining such success in addressing local and global problems in agriculture.
Caracterización genética de lotes de Brycon orbignyanus utilizados en programas de repoblamiento
Authors: Lopera Nelson , Vargas Lauro , Streit Danilo , Gomes Patricia , Povh Jayme , Sirol Rodolfo , Ribeiro Ricardo
Published: March 2018

Objetivo. Caracterizar genéticamente dos lotes y una progenie de Brycon orbignyanus destinados para programas de repoblamiento, utilizando la técnica molecular de RAPD (Ran- dom amplified polymorphic DNA). Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 58 reproductores originarios de dos piscícolas ubicadas en las ciudades de Castillo (A:30 individuos) y Porto Ferreira (C:28 individuos), mantenidos en cautiverio hace seis años en la estación de acuicultura e hidrología de la Duke Energy Internacional (Geração Paranapanema) (São Paulo-Brasil). Treinta larvas de la progenie del lote A (B) también se analizaron. Resultados. Los 14 primers usados produjeron 87 fragmentos de los cuales 70.11% fueron polimórficos. Fueron observadas diferencias (p≤0.05) en la frecuencia de 31 fragmentos, con tres exclusivos para el lote A. Los valores de divergencia, distancia e identidad genética mostraron que la diversidad genética del lote A fue mantenida en la progenie y que existe una baja diferenciación entre los lotes de reproductores. El análisis de variancia molecular mostró que la mayor parte de la variación está dentro de cada lote (87.45%) y no entre ellos (12.55%). Este resultado se corroboró con los valores de FST (0.125) y con el dendrograma, que indicaron una moderada diferenciación genética, sin la formación de agrupamientos. Conclusiones. La diversidad genética fue preservada en la progenie debido al manejo eficiente de la reproducción. No hubo una diferenciación genética entre los lotes de reproductores, debido posiblemente a que el origen natural de ambos fue el río Paraná.
Detección de anticuerpos IgM a leptospira en humanos en riesgo ocupacional en Villavicencio, Meta
Authors: Díaz Luz , Zapata Irma , Góngora Agustín , Parra Jorge , Aponte Luz , Gómez Luz
Published: March 2018

Objetivo. Determinar la seroprevalencia a la infección por leptospira en una población humana y los factores de riesgo ocupacional asociados en Villavicencio, Meta. Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó un modelo epidemiológico transversal con selección por conveniencia de grupos e individuos dentro de grupos. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre por punción cubital de 273 personas correspondientes a 8 grupos de riesgo. Se obtuvo información de factores de riesgo mediante entrevista. Se determinaron anticuerpos IgM mediante ELISA indirecta. Se utilizó una prueba de χ mediante el programa SPSS 11.0 para Windows. Resultados. La seroprevalencia general fue 19%. Por grupos fue para trabajadores de matadero 7%, veterinarios y auxiliares de clínica de pequeños animales 17%, estudiantes de último año de MVZ 17%, ordeñadores 21%, trabajadores de arrozales 23%, trabajadores de granjas porcícolas 35%, trabajadores de piscícolas 48%. Se encontraron 3 factores asociados, el estrato rural p = 0.0005 ICCR 1.50 a 3.83, tenencia de mascota canina p = 0.046 ICCR 1.03 a 3.26 y contacto con roedores en el trabajo p = 0.000037 ICCR = 1.73 a 4.75. Conclusiones. Se encontró una alta seroprevalencia general de infectados por Leptospira, siendo los grupos de más alta prevalencia los trabajadores piscícolas y de granjas porcícolas. Se reconoce una vez más el carácter ocupacional de la infección posiblemente por falta de medidas de higiene y protección laboral.
Aprovechamiento de las caract eríst icas nutricionales del almendro de la India (Terminalia catappa L.) como suplemento en la alimentación animal
Authors: Arrázola Guillermo , Buelvas Helmooth , Arrieta Yenis
Published: March 2018

Objetivo. Evaluar nutricionalmente la semilla del almendro de la india (Terminalia catappa) para tres estados de madurez: E1 verde; E2 intermedio y E3 maduro, como una alternativa de suplemento en la alimentación animal. Materiales y métodos. Se determinaron las características fisicoquímicas de la pulpa de los frutos y se les extrajo la semilla a la cual se les realizó el análisis bromatológico mediante los métodos oficiales de análisis químico AOAC. A la grasa extraída de la semilla se le realizó un perfil de composición de ácidos grasos por medio de la técnica de cromatografía gaseosa acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Resultados. Para la semilla se obtuvo en promedio: grasa 54%, proteína 24%, ceniza 4%, fibra 12% y humedad 45%. Los datos se procesaron utilizando un análisis de varianza (ANOVA). Los estados de madurez, presentaron diferencias estadísticas (p≤0,05) de composición para la semilla; mientras que para las variables fisicoquímicas de la pulpa, pH, acidez y grados Brix, arrojaron resultados no significativos. El perfil de ácidos grasos del aceite de la semilla para E1, E2 y E3, mostraron similitud en ciertos componentes. Conclusión. Teniendo en cuenta la composición nutricional de la semilla de almendro (Terminalia catappa) y su elevado valor en proteína (24%), grasa (54%), fibra (12%), es posible su aprovechamiento para la industrialización e inclusión en concentrados para la alimentación animal.
Globalización y salud: El caso de las enfermedades tropicales y olvidadas
Authors: Valero-Bernal Maria , Tanner Marcel
Published: March 2018

Se presenta una revisión del impacto de la globalización sobre los determinantes del operativo salud-enfermedad y del bienestar y ofrece una mirada de las posibles acciones mitigantes. Se realizó una revisión sistemática, con énfasis para América Latina y Colombia de los determinantes de la salud y bienestar enfocada en aspectos económicos, culturales, tecnológicos, ambientales-climáticos y demográficos. Se describen procesos interrelacionados de la globalización. Los análisis de modelos predictivos documentan la interacción de factores sociales, culturales y económicos sobre la salud-enfermedad y el bienestar y son determinantes de la equidad. Los indicadores de salud globales disminuyen con el aumento de diferenciales socio-económicos dentro de un país dado. Los procesos de globalización han impactado la dinámica social y económica afectando directamente el estado de salud. Las migraciones y procesos de urbanización influyen en los modelos de riesgos sociales, medioambientales y biológicos. Se observa un deterioro del estado sanitario y un aumento en la precariedad social. Esta situación combinada con los cambios climáticos globales y de los ecosistemas favorecen la transmisión de enfermedades (malaria, dengue). La perspectiva prometedora para alcanzar las Metas de Desarrollo de Milenio se ve en países con fortalecimiento coherente de los sistemas de salud y la reducción de la pobreza. Es urgente el desarrollo de nuevas herramientas para el control de las enfermedades (medicamentos y/o vacunas), pero además se deben robustecer los sistemas de salud, las redes sociales con aproximaciones desde la salud pública y los ecosistemas en un contexto social, político, cultural y económico particular.
A New Fracture Liaison Service Design Using a Mobile Application and Medical Artificial Intelligence (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Sung Woo , Won Young Jun
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

While the clinical design of a Fracture Liaison Service(FLS) has been used as a localized healthcare service in a previous study, thus far there has not been an international mobile application, such as a FLS using smart phones.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of our study is to improve the prevention of secondary fractures using a Mobile FLS Application.

METHODS

We have developed a Fracture Liaison Service as an Android-OS application and released this service as a secondary fracture prevention program for osteoporotic fracture patients.

RESULTS

We have released the final version of the FLS mobile application in Google’s PlayStore. The new model of the FLS mobile application can be practically commercialized, and the effective second-order fracture prevention system is based on an open policy platform.

CONCLUSIONS

We hope to contribute to the prevention and management of osteoporotic fractures and osteoporosis worldwide via this FLS mobile application. In the future, an intelligent personal FLS is definitely possible, by applying a Medical AI based on a huge DB.
A Republican Tradition for Australia?
Authors: Williams George
Published: March 2018

The United States is said to be undergoing a republican revival. Republicanism is a political theory and philosophy that has become enmeshed in the debates surrounding United States constitutionalism. Commentators have argued for several different paradigms of republicanism. Frequently, support for a particular paradigm has been sought from an understanding of historical and modern political thought and, more significantly for our purposes, from the era that saw the birth of the United States Constitution.

The multifarious origins of, and many views on, republicanism, as well as the number of commentators moulding the concept to suit their own ends, make republicanism difficult to pin down. The core elements of modern republicanism may be taken to refer to a system of government by the people equally that seeks to achieve the common good through deliberation by political actors who act not in their own interest or the interests of their constituents but for the community as a whole. This is a far cry from the “militarist, elitist, religious, and sexist sentiments” historically displayed by republicanism.
Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs V Teoh
Authors: Twomey Anne
Published: March 2018

The High Court's judgment in Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh is perhaps the most controversial judgment handed down by the Court this year, for both legal and political reasons. On the political side it has added further fuel to the fire about the significance of the ratification of treaties and the roles of the Executive and the Parliament in the process of ratification and implementation of treaties. On the legal side, it has developed the law on “legitimate expectations” and provided interesting obiter dicta on sleeping issues such as the use of treaties and international law in the interpretation of statutes and the development of the common law. It has also left open questions about the status of treaties which form schedules to legislation but which are not directly implemented by that legislation. This note will address the legal, rather than the political, aspects of the Teoh case, starting with the development of the law on “legitimate expectations”, and then considering issues concerning the use of unincorporated treaties to develop and affect the law in other ways.
The Clamour of Silent Constitutional Principles
Authors: Donaghue Stephen
Published: March 2018

“When I use a word”, Humpty Dumpty said, in a rather scornful tone, “it means just what I choose it to mean - neither more nor less.”

“The question is,” said Alice, “whether you can make words mean so many different things.”

“The question is,” said Humpty Dumpty, “which is to be master - that’s all.”

Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass

The last decade of the nineteenth century saw a number of Conventions held for the purpose of creating the rules under which the Australian colonies would federate in “one indissoluble federal Commonwealth”. The endeavour was designed to be an anchor to the past, creating rules that bind until a super-majority of the living change them. These rules were incorporated into a written document, which declares itself to be the paramount law within the Commonwealth of Australia.
Free to Choose or Compelled to Lie? — The Rights of Voters after Langer V the Commonwealth
Authors: Twomey Anne
Published: March 2018

The case of Langer v The Commonwealth, is important, for it reveals much about the understanding of “democracy” in Australia, including fundamental conflicts as to what is essential, and what is peripheral to our constitutional system of “representative democracy”. The Langer case raises questions about what amounts to a democratic “choice” in an election. Is “choice” merely a matter of being able to select from candidates offered, or does it involve the representation of the will of the people? Is it democratic to compel a voter to lie by requiring the voter to give preferences to candidates he or she rejects, or must voters have a right to vote in an informal manner if they do not wish to express a preference for certain candidates? Is the choice to vote informally a genuine political choice, and is advocacy of such a choice protected by the constitutional guarantee of freedom of political communication? Should it be a criminal offence to advocate activity which is not only legal, but would result in a formal vote?
Recent Developments concerning Tribunals in Australia
Authors: Johnston Peter
Published: March 2018

The primary problem in attempting a resume of recent developments concerning tribunals in Australia is one of classification and proliferation. What constitutes a “tribunal” is a much debated and fuzzy conceptual issue. Even if one settles on an acceptable definition, the problem remains of the vast variety of bodies throughout Australia that would require survey. Although this paper addresses some recent legislative proposals concerning particular tribunals, both at State and Commonwealth levels, it concentrates on conceptual developments about certain kinds of tribunals. It is concerned with the underlying pressures and intentions that are driving such proposals. It also takes into account the legal environment, namely specific judicial and executive decisions, which are shaping them.
Representing Democracy or Reinforcing Inequality?: Electoral Distribution and McGinty V Western Australia
Authors: Carne Greg
Published: March 2018

McGinty v Western Australia is a significant indicator of present and prospective attitudes of the High Court to major issues of representative democracy, such as electoral representation and equality. In affirming by a majority that substantial numerical voter inequality in Western Australian state electorates did not infringe a concept of representative democracy in either the Commonwealth or the Western Australian constitutions, the court went beyond a refusal to overturn AG (Cth); Ex Rel McKinlay v Commonwealth of more than twenty years earlier.

In McKinlay, a voter had sought a declaration that s 19 of the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (Cth), which permitted a variation of 10 per cent of the number of electors above or below the quota for a state's seats in the House of Representatives, was invalid on the grounds that it offended the first paragraph of s 24 of the Commonwealth Constitution. The High Courts held that s 24 did not require that the number of people or the number of electors in electoral divisions be equal. In other words, it was found that the Commonwealth Constitution did not mandate a principle of one vote, one value.
Corporate governance and firm networks: An empirical research based on Italy
Authors: Napoli Francesco
Published: March 2018

We examine problems of strategic change and innovation in Italian firms which develop cooperative relationships with other firms. The inter-firm network phenomenon has taken on such importance in Italy that, in 2009, the State issued a law (Decreto Legge 5/2009) specifically to regulate the concluding of cooperative contracts for the formation of inter-firm networks. This law offers firms that wish to keep their groups of owners separate the possibility to establish a multiplicity of inter-firm relationships through the signing of just one single contract, named “Contratto di rete”, which, in this paper, we will refer to as a “network contract”. For historical reasons, all firms in Italy, even those quoted on the stock market (Milan Stock Exchange), exhibit a high level of ownership concentration. The largest class of blockholders is that of families who are active in the family firm. As regards the size of firms that maintain cooperative relationships, data on network contracts show that 95% of the firms stipulating these contracts are small- or medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), so categorised because they have fewer than 50 employees. Through strategic alliances and collaborative relationships, Italian family firms have been able to develop business ideas that, as a consequence of the companies’ small dimensions, would have been impossible otherwise. On the basis of this premise, we considered it convenient to analyse small- or medium-sized family ﬁrms that developed relationships of cooperation regulated by network contracts in the period between 1/1/2013 and 31/12/2016. With reference to this category of firm, we analysed data on strategic change and innovation for a sample of 391 firms that accepted to be interviewed by us. Some of these firms had opened their top management teams (TMT) and/or their Boards of Directors to the participation of individuals from outside the dominant family, while others had not. The results of this research show that the firm that extends participation in the board or the Top Management Team by involving individuals from outside the dominant family, so as to gain better access to critical resources controlled by partners, creates a more favourable context for strategic change and innovation.
Interação fármaco/nutriente identificada na seleção de medicamentos do Hospital Maternidade Doutor João Carlos Meireles Paulilo, HMJCMP, Alagoinhas-BA
Authors: Abreu de Jesus Willian Jackson , Schramm Pereiras Verônica
Published: March 2018

Introdução: A interação fármaco-nutriente ocorre diariamente em uma unidade hospital, mas na maioria das vezes passam despercebidas entre os profissionais de saúde. A interação entre nutrientes e medicamentos ocorre quando um alimento, ou um de seus componentes, interfere nos parâmetros farmacocinéticos e farmacodinâmicos. Também considera-se que há interação quando um fármaco altera o uso de um nutriente pelo organismo. Mas, ela só é clinicamente significativa quando a resposta terapêutica é modificada ou resulta em má nutrição. Os pacientes internados no HMDJCMP recebem alimentação/nutrientes e medicação adequada a cada situação, porém muita raramente são observadas as possíveis interações que pode ocorrer entre o medicamento prescrito e a dieta oferecida ao paciente. Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa foi feita através de uma revisão da literatura utilizando a base de dados Scielo, Google Acadêmico e Biblioteca em Saúde, usando como descritores: Interação fármaco-nutriente; medicamento-alimento; droga-nutriente área hospitalar, além de revisar a lista do elenco de medicamentos do HMDJCMP e a Relação Estadual de Medicamentos Essenciais (RESME-2009); dos artigos pesquisados dez atendiam ao requisitos da pesquisa; o período da pesquisa foi de 13 de Abril de 2015 á 30 de Janeiro de 2016. Resultados e Discussões: Os resultados encontrados foram de grande relevância para a instituição, pois mostrou a importância do conhecimento das interações entre fármaco e nutriente na prática. Dos 161 medicamentos selecionados na maternidade, 38 apresentaram interações com alimento. Entretanto é preciso maior refinamento na revisão de literatura, pois é um tema pouco estudado. Dentre os medicamentos que tem interação destacamos o que consideramos de maior impacto, considerando a frequência de administração os quais foram tabulados. Conclusões: O conhecimento da interação fármaco nutriente ainda não tem grande impacto na avaliação dos profissionais de saúde, sendo necessário que todos busquem atualização no tema com vistas a se assegurar maior segurança e cuidado na terapia nutricional e medicamentosa de sorte a se evitar perdas nutricionais e de medicamentos evitando assim maior tempo de internação. Esta análise pretende aproximar as áreas de nutrição, farmácia e medicina utilizando como ferramenta um cartaz informativo com os resultados encontrados.
Método de análise da saúde pública nos municípios brasileiros, usando fontes de dados dados públicas e oficiais
Authors: Eidi Nita Marcelo , Mussolino Fernanda , Vaz Paulo , Riveros Bruno , Ms Tolentino Ana Clara
Published: March 2018

Objetivos: Apresentar método para análise da saúde pública dos municípios brasileiros, a partir do uso de fontes públicas e oficiais, através do caso do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: Levantar informações referentes à população, cobertura de planos de saúde, financiamento público, e atendimentos prestados à população para cada um dos municípios brasileiros através de dados secundários e oficiais, sendo eles: IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), ANS (Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar), SIOPS (Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Saúde) e DATASUS (Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS), respectivamente. Resultados: A cidade do Rio de Janeiro representa 3% da população brasileira com 6,4 milhões de habitantes. Enquanto o Brasil possui 25% da população com planos de saúde, o município do Rio de Janeiro possui 54%. Considerando a obrigatoriedade de investimento mínimo de 15% de suas receitas pelos municípios brasileiros, o Rio de Janeiro investe 17,9%, e está abaixo da média Brasil de 21,4%. 63% das despesas do Rio de Janeiro são para Assistência Hospitalar e Ambulatorial, seguida por 30% para a Atenção Básica e 2% para subfunções administrativas, dentre outras. Em 2014 foram 9 milhões de brasileiros hospitalizados no SUS, enquanto no Rio de Janeiro foram 312 mil, ou seja, enquanto o Brasil possui 59,2 hospitalizados por mil habitantes no possuem acesso exclusivo ao SUS, o Rio de Janeiro possui 104,9. 83% das hospitalizações no Rio de Janeiro são de seus próprios munícipes. Conclusão: Associadas essas informações permitirão identificar necessidades, dificuldades de acesso e oportunidades de melhoria, a fim de definir estratégias de ampliação de acesso e organização da rede prestadora de serviços, que irão implementar melhorias nas ações e serviços em saúde.
Otimização dos recursos no atendimento de solicitação de medicamentos não padronizados no município, relato da experiência em Jaboatão dos Guararapes/PE
Authors: Barbosa do Nascimento Silva Fabiana , D’Almeida Arruda Sheila Elcielle
Published: March 2018

As boas práticas farmacêuticas, enquanto diretriz para a estruturação de farmácias, além de adequações estruturais e definição de rotinas, também estabelece a construção de documentos padronizados que favoreçam as atividades desenvolvidas, o atendimento humanizado, o acesso da população a medicamentos, o uso racional de medicamentos e a otimização de recursos (BRASIL, 2009). Desde o ano de 2010, através da Portaria Municipal nº 04/2010 de 14 de abril de 2010, o município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes/PE tem instituída e implantada a Relação Municipal de Medicamentos Essenciais (REMUME), elaborada com base na Relação Nacional dos Medicamentos Essenciais publicada pelo Ministério da Saúde. Para atender as demandas de medicamentos não padronizados o município dispõe de um setor específico ligado a Coordenação da Assistência Farmacêutica, para viabilizar o acesso a estes medicamentos, estabeleceu-se um fluxo e uma relação de documentos: cópia dos documentos pessoais do usuário, receita médica e laudo médico com o Código Internacional de Doenças, porém, ainda assim, percebeu-se a necessidade de informações específicas e técnicas que auxiliassem na tomada de decisão do gestor quanto à aquisição ou não de determinados produtos. Após discussão com a Coordenação da Assistência Farmacêutica, para avaliação das informações consideradas importantes para subsidiar tomada de decisão, foi elaborado um formulário modelo estruturado através do programa Microsoft Word ®, contendo as seguintes informações: Princípio ativo do produto solicitado; indicação de uso do medicamento; se o mesmo está contemplado no componente especializado do MS e se é fornecido pelo estado através de Protocolos Clínicos e Diretrizes Terapêuticas ou Nota Técnica estadual; se o produto está regularizado junto a ANVISA para a ação terapêutica proposta; se existe avaliação pelo CONITEC ou indicação para incorporação ao SUS; se existe medicamento padronizado no município com a mesma indicação terapêutica; se a prescrição apresentada está em conformidade com as normas vigentes; o custo mensal do tratamento (baseado no Preço Máximo ao Consumidor para o estado de Pernambuco); considerações do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e órgãos reguladores internacionais sobre o medicamento, bem como informações pessoais do usuário e documentação apresentada pelo usuário. O relato sobre esta ferramenta de análise das solicitações de medicamentos não padronizados, frente a otimização dos recursos públicos disponíveis, trás a importância da consolidação da padronização do documento, que foi percebida através dos dados apresentados no Relatório Anual de Gestão do último ano (2015), onde o gasto com o atendimento dessas demandas foi de 4% (R$ 286.459,19) quando comparado ao custo total com a distribuição/ abastecimento de todas as Unidades de Saúde do município com os medicamentos padronizados no município de R$ 6.571.344,72.