bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of actual situation of using and accounting of recovered energy of regenerative braking mode at the DC traction system
Authors: Bondar Oleh , Ustymenko Dmytro , Kurylenko Olena , Kedria Mykhailo , Karzova Oksana , Krasnov Roman , Baliichuk Oleksii
Published: October 2019

This paper deals with the problems of enhancement of registration and distribution of electric energy which can be obtained from DC electric locomotives by the regenerative braking. According to theoretical researches, it is possible to return approximately 8 - 12% of electric energy which is consumed for electric traction by using of a regenerative braking mode. However in recent years for electric traction networks of JSC “Ukrainian Railways”, this index doesn’t exceed 2.6%. So we consider that the regenerative braking is one of the most prospective ways for energy saving in electric railway transport. Results of the experimental researches which were executed on DC traction substations and VL11M6 electric locomotives are described in this paper. Instantaneous values of voltage and current in different modes have been obtained. The electric energy balance for experimental zone has been performed. Also the ways of distribution and consumption of energy of regenerative braking mode have been analyzed. On this basis of the executed investigations, recommendations about providing of supercapacitor energy storage system for Ukrainian railways are proposed.
Fryze reactive power of trams in effective stochastic recuperation processes
Authors: Bondar Oleh , Kostin Mikola , Mukha Andrei , Sheikina Olha , Levytska Svitlana
Published: October 2019

Urban electric transport system, particularly tram systems, is not a direct current system not only in traction mode but in regenerative modes as both voltage on a collector and regenerative current are stochastic abruptly variable processes. The above- mentioned facts determine availability of Fryze’s reactive power in this system that flows from a railway substation to trams, leads to incidental losses of energy and significantly reduces its quality. So evaluation of power effectiveness of the system in electrical trams operation is impossible without determining the level of reactive power in this system. We have analytical expression of reactive power by Fryze. Numerical calculations for trams type T3D and T4D in regenerative braking modes are done. Probabilistic statistical data processing operation of reactive power expressions is done. It is determined that reactive power changes in the limit of 10…100 kilo-volt ampere reactive with mathematical expectation – 37,0 kilo-volt ampere reactive. Statistical allocation of random power values are different. Numerical calculations of incidental losses, energy of recuperation are done and they range supplementary – 20% from total losses. It is stated that coefficient of reactive power of system route of trams is exceeding permissible value 0,25.
Model for building traction information of suburban rolling stock on hydrogen fuel
Authors: Falendysh Anatoly , Dzhus Volodymyr , Kletska Olha , Kosariev Oleg , Dizo Jan
Published: October 2019

The materials consider the possibility of using hydrogen as a fuel for suburban rolling stock in Ukraine. The analysis of the use of hydrogen fuel in transport in various countries of the world is carried out. One of the main stages of calculating the rolling stock is the construction of its traction characteristic, which largely depends on the type of power plant. Therefore, a model has been developed for constructing traction characteristics of a suburban rolling stock when it is converted to hydrogen fuel. For this purpose, an analysis of power equipment with an energy source from a polymer of an exchange membrane fuel cell and methods of connecting their batteries to blocks is done. The scheme of power transmission for the rolling stock is proposed and its efficiency coefficient is preliminarily calculated. The main technical indicators of suburban rolling stock in Ukraine at the moment and using proton-exchange membrane fuel cells on it are considered. Preliminary consideration is given to the operation parameters of the electric circuit of the rolling stock under various modes of its motion. The traction characteristic of a suburban mobile suction on hydrogen fuel is constructed. The proposed model is implemented in the software product MathLab.
The increasing of energy efficiency of international freight truck trains under the concept of energy innovative technologies development motor transport
Authors: Kostiuk Tatiana , Habutdinov Ramasan
Published: October 2019

At the motor transport (MT) the concept of technological and innovative energy saving is actual. However, the existing method of increasing the cost-effective efficiency of motor transport does not correspond to this concept because the basis of the theory of the motor transport process consists of the axioms, which neglected: a) the fragmenting effect of existing technological paradoxes on the integrity of knowledge about motor transport as a sphere of material production; b) the resource, production and technological essence of this process; c) innovative variability of parameters of new cars and transport technologies. In addition, the basis of the fundamental designed scheme of the transport operation is based on simplified mathematical description of the virtual transposition operations. These methodological shortcomings do not allow to analyze and substantiate innovative technical and technological projects of motor transport. For the possibility of realization of the actual concept of technological and innovative energy saving on MT, in NTU the theory and methods of a comprehensive increase of energy efficiency of a car (EREC) of a general type, as well as methods of simulation and test formation of energy saving of motor transport technologies were designed.
Disposal of technological sludge of railway infrastructure enterprises
Authors: Zelenko Yuliia , Bezovska Maryna , Leshchynska Anna , Shnaiderman Alexandr
Published: October 2019

The problem of improving environmental safety in the handling of oily waste and sludge is relevant for most industries. Significant amounts of waste oil adversely affect virtually all components of the environment. However, it is also a valuable hydrocarbon feedstock. Thus, a rational approach to the processing of sludge can have a significant environmental and economic effect. The shortcomings of traditional thermal technologies for the disposal of technological sludge and suggests using much cheaper mechanical methods were discussed in this article. For example, install decanters of various designs in a depot depending on the overall composition of the sludge and the composition of each of its main parts: the carbon-containing part, water and mechanical impurities. A modern scheme for the disposal of technological sludge from railway infrastructure enterprises has been proposed. Such a scheme allows to reduce the man-made load associated with their accumulation, circulation and minimization. The most promising example of the use of the proposed technology of utilization of oil sludge is its implementation at the local sewage treatment plants of locomotive and wagon depots.
Modeling of the atmosphere pollution from coal trains
Authors: Biliaiev Mykola , Kozachyna Vitalii , Biliaieva Viktoriia , Oladipo Mutiu Olatoye , Chernyatyeva Kateryna
Published: October 2019

Coal trains have an intensive impact on environment pollution. It is very important to predict adequately this impact during coal transportation. In Ukraine to predict atmosphere pollution from coal trains the regulatory model «OND-86» is used. This model does not take into account some important factors and coal train movement. We present numerical models to solve two problems:1) prediction of atmosphere pollution in the case of moving coal train; 2) prediction of atmosphere pollution in the case of additional special boards installation on the coal wagon. To solve these problems equation of coal duct convective-diffusive dispersion (Lagrange model of admixture dispersion) and equation of potential flow were used. Governing equations were numerically integrated using implicit difference schemes. For coding difference equations we used FORTRAN language. We present results of numerical experiments and laboratory experiments which illustrate the efficiency of the special additional boards installation on the coal wagon. These boards have «internal wing» and «external wing». The obtained results illustrate that installation of additional boards allows to minimize the atmosphere pollution near transport corridor.
Justification of parameters of wheelset axle fatigue strength test-bench for railway rolling stock
Authors: Kuropiatnyk Oleksii , Raksha Serhii , Anofriev Pavlo
Published: October 2019

The operation safety of the railway rolling stock depends directly on the strength of the base part of the wheelset – its axle. Therefore, in recent years numerous studies of theoretical and experimental nature, both for means of rail transport, and for machines containing rail track equipment are carried out. This paper substantiates the main parameters of the fatigue test bench for axles for wheelsets of railway rolling stock. We performed an analysis of the load schema for bench tests, determined the dependence of the bench work force on the parameters of the wheelset axle. In addition, we substantiated the design and parameters of vibrator. For the research, we adopted the following criteria of rationality: work force, energy consumption and longitudinal dimension of the test bench. The design is considered the best, if these criteria acquire the smallest values. The results of the research indicate that the load scheme “cantilever beam” is rational for the fatigue bench tests of the axles for wheelsets of railway rolling stock. The best design of the vibrator have to provide the test bench work force by rotating the unbalanced mass around the stationary wheelset axle. The rational vibrator contains a sectoral eccentric mass rotating at an angular velocity of about 150 s-1. In this case, the eccentric mass value is about 80 kg, and its eccentricity is 135 mm.
Constructing a database structure in the problem of the assignment of air transport operators to commissioned tasks
Authors: Jacyna-Gołda Ilona , Izdebski Mariusz , Klimek Piotr , Vašek Rostislav
Published: October 2019

The article defines the database structure used in the issue of the assignment of air transport operators to commissioned transport tasks. The purpose of the work is to develop a database structure that fulfills the function of recording information, presenting results and processing calculated data. Presenting the database in a modular manner is a new concept of data flow management in the problem of the assignment of air transport operators to tasks. The issue of the assignment of air service operators to tasks is a complex optimization problem. The complexity of the database architecture used in the assignment of operators to tasks depends on the number of modules responsible for individual functions implemented in the process of determining the assignment of operators to tasks. In addition, the paper presents a mathematical model of the assignment of operators to tasks, includes basic data entered into the model and collected in the database, describes the assignment restrictions and the criterion function. In order to solve the problem, an optimization algorithm concept has been proposed to solve the analyzed problem. The problem of the assignment has been presented in the multi-criteria aspect.
Estimation of the interaction level between urban passenger transport and city train
Authors: Ozerova Olga , Yanovsky Petro , Yanovska Viktoriia , Lytvynenko Sergiy , Lytvynenko Larysa , Martseniuk Serhii
Published: October 2019

In the article the estimation of the interaction level between urban passenger transport and city train was made using the systems approach through application of modern methods of developing adequate easy-to-use mathematical models. Applying the systems approach, the transport node was considered as a comprehensive object, which is a single entity. It was identified that the transport node efficiency depends on the interaction level of the structure and its technology with the passenger traffic that requires designing a rational structure of the node and providing the technological interaction setting. The flow chart of determination the indicators of urban passenger transport modes’ operation was proposed in order to improve the passenger service quality by increasing the level of interaction of urban passenger transport modes with each other, also the system of efficient use of urban transport means was developed. The system of criteria for assessing the level of interaction between urban passenger transport and city train was implemented, which consists of criteria for the individual assessment of urban passenger transport and city train and criteria for their system interoperability, including consideration of the system quality from the passenger’s point of view.
The Economic Guarantee of Logistic Connections Optimization at Railway Transport
Authors: Kopytko Vasyl , Dziuba Sergei , Mìshchenko Maxym , Shargun Tetyana
Published: October 2019

The efficiency increasing of railway transport functioning is a main factor in the economic growth of the national economy. Material reserves are the main factor that defines the strategy of the enterprise and influences on the economic optimization level of logistic connections in general. Waste on deficiency and expense of storing the taken out from the main turnover material reserves redouble the economic situation. In this research the sources of the arising an uncertainty by taking a decision about economic optimization of logistic connections and working out methods of need determination in conditions of a certain uncertainty that will be led to improvement of the economic effectiveness of activity are determined. The best methods that may be used for this purpose are analysis of temporary series, multiple regression and correlation analysis, pattern recognition. The paper presents the results of research that allow, based on the built neuro-fuzzy model, to evaluate the dependence of macroeconomic indicators of the national economy of Ukraine on the indicators characterizing its economic situation in order to improve the control efficiency of logistics systems. The built neuro-fuzzy model, unlike existing models, allows reproducing the complex nonlinear dependences.
The hybrid trains in international logistics transportation
Authors: Kaira Zoia , Golovkova Liudmila , Rekun Ivan , Trubai Yurii
Published: October 2019

Analytical information for the market players concerning to the overall future hybrid train market and the subsegments is considered. The forecast of the volume railway transportation in Ukraine is represented in the paper. The aim of the paper is to examine the role of hybrid trains in logistics transportation segment under escalating importance of international logistics where transport segment is influenced in largely degree of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal changes. The paper is targeted the stakeholders to provide with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
Analysis of thermodynamic parameters in spark ignition VCR engine
Authors: Urbański Patryk , Bajerlein Maciej , Merkisz Jerzy , Ziółkowski Andrzej , Gallas Dawid
Published: October 2019

3D models of Szymkowiak and conventional engines were created in the Solidworks program. During the motion analysis, the characteristics of the piston path were analyzed for the two considered engine units. The imported file with the generated piston routes was used in the AVL Fire program, which simulated combustion processes in the two engines with identical initial conditions. The configurations for two different compression ratios were taken into account. The basic thermodynamic parameters occurring during the combustion process in internal combustion engines were analyzed.
Contact arc time – important parameter of DC high-speed circuit-breakers
Authors: Rojek Artur , Skrzyniarz Marek
Published: October 2019

The parameters of DC high-speed circuit-breakers (HSCB) and test methods are specified in the standards. These standards define requirements of the circuit breakers opening time and the total breaking time. During the direct current (DC) breaking after opening the contacts, the arc ignites, the voltage of which is so low that it does not limit the switched off current. The time in which this phenomenon occurs is defined as the contact arc time.

The contact arc time has a significant influence on the breaking process. It can take up to over 40% of arcing time. Therefore, tests were carried out, which were to answer the questions about what and to a what extent affects the contact arc time.

Since the standards for high-speed circuit-breakers do not refer to the contact arc time, definitions of this parameter are proposed in the article. Using this definition numerous tests of various factors have been carried out on contact arc time.

The conducted research shows that shortening the DC breaking time through high-speed breakers is possible by limiting the contact arc time, which can be obtained by modifying the circuit breaker’s construction.
Mathematical model of pantograph cooperation with two degrees of freedom with a catenary system
Authors: Kaniewski Marek , Cichoński Michał
Published: October 2019

The authors present a method of modeling pantograph cooperation with a catenary system by means of a computer program based on a pantograph discrete model with two degrees of freedom and a catenary system model as a focused mass that in the dynamic state has variable stiffness along the span. After performing the appropriate tests, the validation was carried out according to the proposed method in the PN EN 50318:2019-02 standard required in the Technical Specifications for the interoperability of the subsystem “Energy” and “Rolling stock -locomotives and passenger rolling stock” of the trans-European rail system in Europe.
Investigation of possibility of hopper cars unloading on the car dumper VRS–134M
Authors: Dovhaniuk Stepan , Kalashnyk Volodymyr , Reidemeister Alexei , Shykunov Oleksandr
Published: October 2019

It was developed a computational model to evaluate the body strength of short base hopper models 19-758-01, 20-471, and 20-4015 when unloading them on the car dumper VRS–134M. Modeling of the stress-strain state of the car design was made using the finite element method. It was established that in terms of strength, bodies of the hopper models 19-758-01, 20-471, and 20-4015 are suitable for unloading on car dumper. The results of experimental studies showed sufficiently high accuracy of the chosen computational model for estimating the stress-strain state of design and confirmed the possibility of hopper car unloading on the car dumper VRS–134M.
The impact of asymmetry on equilibrium of logistics systems
Authors: Savelieva Irina , Melnikov Serhij , Orlovska Alexandra
Published: October 2019

The article examines one of the actual problems of the theory and practice of the logistics systems functioning related to the asymmetry of information in the transport services market. Assessing the level of asymmetry in logistics systems is of fundamental importance to increase the competitiveness of relevant systems. New approach formulated herein estimates the logistics systems asymmetry by taking into account information asymmetry about the quality of transport products, as well as information asymmetry about the quality of products within the boundaries of the corresponding supply chain. This approach allows to take into account its potential capabilities and increase functional stability in the process of logistics systems design.
Effect of the geotextiles reinforcement area on the stabilization of soil deformations in Chlef city (Algeria)
Authors: Boutaraa Zohra , Arab Ahmed , Chemmam Mohammed
Published: October 2019

This communication presents a laboratory study on the effect of the geotextiles reinforcement area on the improvement of the mechanical proprieties of a sandy soil, especially on the stabilization of soil deformations that affect road pavement in Chlef city (Algeria), which is a prone area to seismic risk. The study is carried out via a monotonic undrained tests using the triaxial apparatus. Reconstructed soil samples having a relative density corresponding to two soil states: loose (Dr = 20%) and medium dense (Dr = 50%) are tested. The aim of the study is to highlight the improvement that can bring the increase of the area of geotextile reinforcement on the behavior of the studied soil. Results show that the reinforcement area has a great positive effect on the increase of the soil resistance, traduced by the stress deviator and by the friction angle, and on the decrease of the pore pressure that reduce the liquefaction risk.
Konsensus der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße (DAM) für Mindeststandards mikrochirurgischer Trainings- und Übungskurse zur Vergabe eines Qualitätssiegels
Authors: Hirche Christoph , Megerle Kai , Heitmann Christoph , Rois Johannes , Russe Friedrich , Froschauer Stefan Mathias , Lehnhardt Marcus , Kneser Ulrich , Schaefer Dirk J. , Kremer Thomas
Published: October 2019

Mikrochirurgische Trainings- und Übungskurse sind ein elementarer Bestandteil der chirurgischen Aus- und Weiterbildung. Durch die Veränderungen des chirurgischen Alltags hat das Kompetenzen- und Fertigkeitentraining außerhalb des Operationssaals einen zunehmend bedeutsamen Stellenwert. Mehrtägig zusammenhängende, praktische Übungen mit verschiedenen Modellen mit steigendem Schwierigkeitsgrad verwenden artifizielle, avitale und vitale mikrochirurgische Modelle. Die Evaluation der Fertigkeiten erfolgt im Hinblick auf feinmotorische Fähigkeiten sowie Orientierung im Raum und zielgerichtete, tremorarme Bewegungsabläufe sowie bimanuelle Manipulationsübungen mittels „global rating scales“. Bei zahlreichen Kursangeboten im deutschsprachigen Raum existieren jedoch keine einheitlichen und transparenten Inhalte und Bewertungsmaßstäbe, um die Qualität der Kurse widerzuspiegeln. Im Rahmen eines Konsensustreffens wurden Mindestanforderungen für die Inhalte von mikrochirurgischen Trainings- und Übungskursen im Rahmen der ärztliche Weiterbildung definiert und als deutschsprachiger Konsens verfasst, um ein DAM-Qualitätssiegel zu vergeben. Als Parameter zählen hierzu die Definition von abgestuften Kurszielen, Vorhandensein eines Kursskriptes, Stundenzahl des Kurses, verwendete Modelle, praktische Übungszeit am Mikroskop, Betreuer zu Teilnehmerverhältnis, Anastomosen- bzw. Koaptationsarten (Arterie, Vene, Nerv, Lymphgefäß), Anwendung einer Global Rating Scale, Lernzielüberprüfung (Note/bestanden- nicht bestanden), Teilnehmerzertifikat und Kursevaluation. Mit dem Ziel, den verfügbaren Kursen/Kurskonzepten zur Wahrung bzw. Verbesserung der Qualität der Aus- und Weiterbildung gerecht zu werden, wurde die Zuordnung eines „Basic“ und eines „Advanced“ Qualitätssiegels definiert. Die stetige Weiterentwicklung der Kurse ist notwendig, um nachhaltig Kompetenzen und Fertigkeiten zu erhalten. In Zukunft können auch validierte mikrochirurgische Simulatoren in Trainings- und Übungskurse integriert werden, was zu einer Reduktion der Verwendung von Nagern führen und der ethischen Verantwortung Rechnung tragen kann. Die Einführung von Qualitätssiegeln für mikrochirurgische Übungskurse soll die Transparenz und Verbindlichkeit für Teilnehmer stärken und Kursanbietern mit entsprechend nachgewiesenen Inhalten Unterstützung durch die DAM gewähren.
Lespedeza bicolor Extract Improves Amyloid Beta25 – 35-Induced Memory Impairments by Upregulating BDNF and Activating Akt, ERK, and CREB Signaling in Mice
Authors: Ko Yong-Hyun , Shim Kyu-Yeon , Kim Seon-Kyung , Seo Jee-Yeon , Lee Bo-Ram , Hur Kwang-Hyun , Kim Young-Jung , Kim Seong-Eon , Do Moon Ho , Parveen Amna , Kim Sun Yeou , Lee Seok-Yong , Jang Choon-Gon
Published: October 2019

Lespedeza bicolor, a traditional herbal medicine widely used in Australia, North America, and Eastern Asia, has various therapeutic effects on inflammation, nephritis, hyperpigmentation, and diuresis. In this study, to evaluate the effects of L. bicolor on cognitive function, we examined whether L. bicolor improved amyloid beta-induced memory impairment and assessed the possible mechanisms in mice. Catechin, rutin, daidzein, luteolin, naringenin, and genistein were identified in the powdered extract of L. bicolor by HPCL-DAD analyses. In behavioral experiments, L. bicolor (25 and 50 mg/kg, p. o.) significantly improved amyloid beta25 – 35 (6 nmol, intracerebroventricular)-induced cognitive dysfunction in the Y-maze, novel recognition, and passive avoidance tests. Our molecular studies showed L. bicolor (25 and 50 mg/kg, p. o.) significantly recovered the reduced glutathione content as well as increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and acetylcholinesterase activities in the hippocampus. Furthermore, we found that L. bicolor significantly increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and phospho-Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and cAMP response element binding caused by amyloid beta25 – 35 in the hippocampus. In conclusion, L. bicolor exerts a potent memory-enhancing effect on cognitive dysfunction induced by amyloid beta25 – 35 in mice.
A Study of Dentists about Their Knowledge and Practice of Dentine Hypersensitivity
Authors: Izhar Faisal , Nazir Muhammad Ashraf , Majeed Abdul , Almas Khalid
Published: October 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice about dentine hypersensitivity (DH) among dental practitioners.

Materials and Methods A pilot-tested questionnaire was sent to practicing dentists (n = 588) working in private and public sectors in Lahore, Pakistan. The questions assessed dentists’ knowledge about type of pain and predisposing factors of DH. The dentists were asked about their preferred methods of diagnosing and managing the condition.

Statistical Analysis Basic statistics, chi-squared test, and multivariate logistic regression were performed.

Results Most dentists (64.3%) reported examining one to five patients with DH per week in their dental clinics. A large majority (85.4%) indicated DH as a stimulated short pain from a tooth. Recession of gums (96.6%), aggressive brushing (88.2%), and frequent use of teeth whitening procedures (83.1%) were most frequently reported predisposing factors of DH. Among most commonly used methods of diagnosis, spontaneous pain after the application of air blast was reported by 74.8% of the participants and followed by spontaneous patient report confirmed by dental examination (57.7%). Most widely used management approaches of DH included the use of fluoride products (96.2%), use of desensitizing potassium nitrate toothpastes (75%), and application of bonding agents (56.2%). Female versus male dentists (odds ratio [OR]: 7.79, p < 0.001) and private practitioners versus public dentists (OR: 7.34, p < 0.001) were more likely to examine greater number of patients with DH.

Conclusion Dentists used various methods for diagnosing and managing patients with DH. Application of air blast to evaluate spontaneous pain and use of fluoride products were most widely used diagnostic and management preferences, respectively.
A Large Mass Mimicking Calcified Hematoma of the Skull Showing Involvement of Myeloma Cells and a Good Response to Irradiation
Authors: Fujimaki Takamitsu , Hirata Sachiko , Terano Naruhiko , Wakiya Kenji , Kobayashi Masahito
Published: October 2019

Patients with multiple myeloma often show skull bone involvement, although in most cases this is manifested as skull erosion and large masses develop only rarely. Here we report a patient who presented with a large cranial mass mimicking a subdural hematoma with calcification. The tumor shrunk with 37.5 Gy of focal irradiation in 15 fractions after biopsy. After irradiation the patient was treated with Bortezomib but died because of adverse events. The differential diagnosis of lenticular lesion of the skull and treatment strategy for large skull mass with myeloma cells are discussed.
Intracranial Injury after a Dog Attack in a Neonate
Authors: Niño-Taravilla Carmen , García-Salido Alberto , Leoz-Gordillo Inés , García-Campos María Teresa , Márquez-Pérez Trinidad Magdalena , Rozas-Gómez Isabel , Serrano-González Ana
Published: October 2019

Dog bites are a common event, especially in the pediatric population. Common anatomic site of dog bites is the head. Despite this, intracranial injuries due to dog bites are reported anecdotally, especially in neonates. In this article, we reported a 7-day-old female neonate attacked in the head by the family dog. She presented penetrating bilateral intracranial injuries that required urgent surgery and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. She received rabies and tetanus prophylaxis, wide-spectrum antibiotic, and anticonvulsive prophylaxis. She was hospitalized in PICU for 9 days, developing intracranial hypertension. One year after the dog bite, she showed moderate psychomotor retardation and focal epilepsy.
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Squamous Cell Carcinoma at the Tongue: Clinicopathological Analysis in a Thai Population
Authors: Aittiwarapoj Anchisa , Juengsomjit Rachai , Kitkumthorn Nakarin , Lapthanasupkul Puangwan
Published: October 2019

Objective Tongue is regarded as one of the common sites of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinicopathological profile of OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) at the tongue.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological characteristics of 208 Thai patients diagnosed with SCC and OPMDs at the tongue in the period from 1996 to 2015. Chi-squared test was used to compare differences between patient’s clinical and histopathological features.

Results Seventy-eight tongue SCC and 130 tongue OPMD cases were present over the study period. Slight male predominance was found for tongue SCC, while a slight female predominance was present for tongue OPMDs. Both tongue SCC and tongue OPMDs were mostly diagnosed in the old age patients (>40 years old). The majority of tongue SCC and OPMDs occurred at the tip and lateral of the tongue. The most common histologic grading of tongue SCC was well differentiated and no poor differentiation was found in this study. More than a half of tongue OPMDs showed epithelial dysplasia. Both tongue SCC and OPMDs demonstrated no significant correlation between clinical feature and histopathologic diagnosis.

Conclusions Tongue SCC and OPMDs were particularly found in the elderly population and frequently developed at the tip and lateral of the tongue. Most of tongue OPMDs, particularly all of tongue erythroplakia, exhibited epithelial dysplasia. For dental practitioners, awareness in the early detection and diagnosis of these tongue lesions should be raised.
The Efficiency of SNP-Based Microarrays in the Detection of Copy-Neutral Events at 15q11.2 and 11p15.5 Loci
Authors: Ozyilmaz Berk , Kirbiyik Ozgur , Ozdemir Taha R. , Kaya Ozge Ozer , Kutbay Yasar B. , Erdogan Kadri M. , Guvenc Merve Saka , Koc Altug
Published: October 2019

Prader–Willi, Angelman, Beckwith–Wiedemann, and Russell–Silver are imprinting syndromes. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficiency of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis with methylation-specific Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) in the detection of uniparental disomy in these syndromes. The patient samples with regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH), covering 15q11.2 and 11p15.5 critical loci, were analyzed with MS-MLPA to demonstrate the efficiency of SNP microarray in the detection of uniparental disomy (UPD). In a total of seven patients, LOH covering 15q11.2 and 11p15.5 critical loci was detected. Two (28.6%) of these seven patients showed aberrant methylation (suggesting UPD) in MS-MLPA. SNP microarray is a useful tool in the detection of LOH; however, it should be used with caution, since false-positive or false-negative LOH results can be obtained. Although methylation analysis is recommended as the first tier test in the diagnosis of most of the imprinting disorders, combining methylation analysis with SNP microarray can enhance our evaluation process.
Instability of three dimensional electrically conducting fluid of magnetohydrodynamics Couette flow
Authors: Hussain Zakir , Elazab Ahmed , Hussain Sultan , Zhang Huisheng
Published: October 2019

In this work, we consider a disturbed electrically conductive fluid between two parallel planes and study the stability of the fluid after applying a uniform magnetic field on it. We obtain a modified form of Orr-Sommerfeld system of equation and then use QZ (Qualitat and Zuverlassigkeit) technique to obtain neutral curves. We investigate the critical Reynolds numbers for large domain of Hartmann Number. Next we show that for particular values of oblique angle, Couette flow destabilizes in some range of magnetic field. We also show that the area of stability changes with change oblique angle, Hartmann number, Reynolds number and wave number. We also find that the instability region for Couette flow has conic type shape. It is found that magnetic field provides a stabilizing impact to the flow, and the extent of this impact is demonstrated for a range of Reynolds numbers. From numerical simulations, it is observed that a magnetic field with a specific magnitude stabilizes the Hartmann flow.
Recent progress in ultrafast lasers based on 2D materials as a saturable absorber
Authors: Ma Chunyang , Wang Cong , Gao Bo , Adams Jordan , Wu Ge , Zhang Han
Published: October 2019

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are crystals with one to a few layers of atoms and are being used in many fields such as optical modulator, photodetector, optical switch, and ultrafast lasers. Their exceptional optoelectronic and nonlinear optical properties make them as a suitable saturable absorber for laser cavities. This review focuses on the recent progress in ultrafast laser use 2D materials as a saturable absorber. 2D materials traditionally include graphene, topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, as well as new materials such as black phosphorus, bismuthene, antimonene, and MXene. Material characteristics, fabrication techniques, and nonlinear properties are also introduced. Finally, future perspectives of ultrafast lasers based on 2D materials are also addressed.
Effect of the cathode radius on plasma dynamics and radiation emissions in a spherical plasma focus device
Authors: Ay Yasar
Published: October 2019

In this work, the developed spherical plasma focus model is used to investigate the effect of the cathode radius on the plasma dynamics and radiation emissions. The cathode radius is varied from 11.5 cm to 17 cm with 0.5 cm increment, and the results are reported in this paper for the spherical plasma focus with 8 cm inner electrode (anode) radius. While discharge current and voltage, plasma and shock velocities, and radiation emissions are found to be higher for short cathode radius, plasma resistance increases with increasing cathode radius. This study also shows that the optimum cathode radius for plasma dynamics and radiation emissions is 15 cm for the used spherical plasma focus device.
Three New Spongian Diterpenes from the Marine Sponge Dendrilla rosea
Authors: Hayton Joshua B. , Grant Gary D. , Carroll Anthony R.
Published: October 2019

Three new diterpenes, aplyroseols 20–22 (2–4), were isolated from two specimens of the Australian marine sponge Dendrilla rosea. The structures and relative configurations of the new metabolites were elucidated from analysis of 2D NMR data. The compounds were screened for activity against Staphylococcus aureus, but were inactive at 64µgmL−1.
Microfluidic Synthesis of Rifampicin Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles and the Effect of Formulation on their Physical and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Meikle Thomas G. , Drummond Calum J. , Conn Charlotte E.
Published: October 2019

The encapsulation of drugs in nanoparticles serves as an effective way to modify pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. Nanoparticles comprised of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) are well suited for this purpose; they are accessible using multiple synthesis methods, are highly biocompatible and biodegradable, and possess desirable drug release properties. In the present study, we have explored the effects of various formulation parameters on the physical properties of PLGA nanoparticles synthesised using a microfluidic assisted nanoprecipitation method and loaded with a model drug. PLGA nanoparticles, with diameters ranging from 165–364nm, were produced using three alternate stabilisers; poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DMAB). Three additional formulations used PVA in addition to 20wt-% 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), 1,2-di-O-octadecenyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTMA), and oleic acid. Spectrophotometric analysis demonstrated that the use of PVA increased the loading efficiency over that of TPGS and DMAB formulations, while the inclusion of oleic acid in the PVA formulation resulted in a further 3-fold increase in loading efficiency. Invitro release studies demonstrate that the inclusion of lipid additives significantly alters release kinetics; release was most rapid and complete in the formulation containing oleic acid, while the addition of DOTAP and DOTMA significantly reduced release rates. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of each formulation was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations nearing or exceeding that of free rifampicin.
Genotypic variation in whole-plant transpiration efficiency in sorghum only partly aligns with variation in stomatal conductance
Authors: Geetika Geetika , van Oosterom Erik J. , George-Jaeggli Barbara , Mortlock Miranda Y. , Deifel Kurt S. , McLean Greg , Hammer Graeme L.
Published: October 2019

Water scarcity can limit sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) production in dryland agriculture, but increased whole-plant transpiration efficiency (TEwp, biomass production per unit of water transpired) can enhance grain yield in such conditions. The objectives of this study were to quantify variation in TEwp for 27 sorghum genotypes and explore the linkages of this variation to responses of the underpinning leaf-level processes to environmental conditions. Individual plants were grown in large lysimeters in two well-watered experiments. Whole-plant transpiration per unit of green leaf area (TGLA) was monitored continuously and stomatal conductance and maximum photosynthetic capacity were measured during sunny conditions on recently expanded leaves. Leaf chlorophyll measurements of the upper five leaves of the main shoot were conducted during early grain filling. TEwp was determined at harvest. The results showed that diurnal patterns in TGLA were determined by vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and by the response of whole-plant conductance to radiation and VPD. Significant genotypic variation in the response of TGLA to VPD occurred and was related to genotypic differences in stomatal conductance. However, variation in TGLA explained only part of the variation in TEwp, with some of the residual variation explained by leaf chlorophyll readings, which were a reflection of photosynthetic capacity. Genotypes with different genetic background often differed in TEwp, TGLA and leaf chlorophyll, indicating potential differences in photosynthetic capacity among these groups. Observed differences in TEwp and its component traits can affect adaptation to drought stress.
RaDoM2: an improved radon dosimeter
Authors: Romano S. , Caresana M. , Curioni A. , Silari M.
Published: October 2019

A new dosimeter for radon progeny called RaDoM (Radon Dose Monitor) was recently developed at CERN . RaDoM is an active detector able to directly estimate the effective dose due to the radon progeny. The first version, which used the Timepix hybrid pixel detector, a system of filters and a pump, correctly assessed the effective dose in situations where the environmental conditions are characterized by a standard equilibrium factor, but showed low efficiency for low radon concentrations and in clean air environments. In this improved version, RaDoM2, the Timepix has been replaced by a silicon pin diode. This solution has allowed the optimization of the geometry, the pump flow rate and the associated electronics, improving the performance of RaDoM and substantially reducing its manufacturing costs. This paper describes the RaDoM2, its improved performance compared to RaDoM, the cloud and user interface, tests in a radon chamber and on-the-field measurements.
The Level of awareness of automation technology in the construction industry
Authors: Fadamiro O P , Oke A E
Published: October 2019

The rapid development of infrastructure in a developing country like Nigeria may require the construction industry to totally embrace the innovative and advance technique of construction through the adoption of automation technology, so as to make construction project more valuable, enhance projects performance and stay competitive in the global and international industry. This study is strictly tailored towards investigating the level of awareness of the automation technique identified in the literature review section of this study. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design using a quantitative approach. A total of 191 construction professionals which include majorly the Architect, Builder, Engineer and Quantity Surveyor were the respondents for the study using a well-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed on a five (5) point Likert-type scale having 5 sections of question in all. Data analysis were done using MIS, SD, Kruskal-Wallis and SNK Test. Twenty (25) automation techniques were pin-pointed from previous literature and materials that are linked with automation in construction industry. Study revealed that Computer Aided Design (CAD), cranes and Building Information Modelling (BIM) are the top three (3) techniques that are most aware of in the construction industry, while Concrete electric and infrared curing system, Humanoids and Contour crafting robots has the least rating. The study recommended seminars and workshop themes that are tailored towards the benefit of adopting automation in the construction industry. However, this research focused on level of awareness of automation techniques, future research can focus on cost implication of those techniques
Criteria for measuring Sustainable Construction Project Performance in Nigeria
Authors: Sanmi Olowosile , Ayodeji Oke
Published: October 2019

Construction Project (CP) in Nigeria is currently still at a rear end as far as sustainable construction is concerned. Consequently, the objective of this study is to identify criteria necessary for measuring sustainable construction project performance and to elicit perceptions of their relative importance. Thorough review of related studies were deployed to generate a set of factors that makes construction project habitable, attractive and liveable, and also, factors for measuring construction project performance. A total of 87 questionnaires were distributed to seven (7) main groups of project participants namely; client, project manager, architect, quantity surveyor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer and builder/civil/structural engineer who participated on nine (9) case study projects. The survey findings indicate that quality performance and productivity both with 81.6% of importance, innovation with 80.4% of importance, health and safety with 80.2% of importance and client’s satisfaction with 80% of importance are the most important factors to consider while measuring sustainable construction project performance. For a construction project to be habitable, safety and incident risk, acoustic comfort and visual comfort are the most important factors to consider. When considering how attractive construction project should be, art in architecture, unique style, terrain choice and harmonious surrounding are the most important factors to consider. Also, when considering the liveability of a construction project, space efficiency, ventilation and public accessibility are the most important factors to consider. Finally, this research recommended that the factors listed above, are key factors to consider at the design stage of any construction project for both the designer and the regulatory agencies, and these factors are to be monitored throughout the construction process since they are vital in measuring the performance of any sustainable construction project to infer a more desirable and satisfactory sustainable building.
Climate Variability and Renewable Energy Planning
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Akinyemi M.L.
Published: October 2019

The impact of climate change is a global event. Its significant role in the climate system altered meteorological parameters over geographical locations. MISR satellite data have shown that climatic variability has impact on rainfall and surface vegetation; and increased aerosol loading and solar radiation. This research comparatively compared the meteorological parameters as well as its potentially accruable energy. The dataset was obtained from the automatic weather station (AWS). The location of research is Ota, southwest region of Nigeria. The research recommends that a more sophisticated technology may be required to boost wind and solar energy generation in the area.
Solar Powered Soil Condition Activated Irrigation System with Automated Bird Repellant
Authors: Nnebedum B. , Oyewande O.E. , Adepitan O. , Omeje M. , Akinplu A
Published: October 2019

Irrigation plays a very important role in agriculture. Not all geographical regions utilize irrigation which is an important activity that is expensive. For the regions where irrigation is used, it commonly amounts to significant energy consumption. Traditional methods of farming are time-consuming and can only be efficient on a small scale. This project was implemented to make irrigation progressively inventive, easy to use, more efficient and cheaper than the current irrigation system and to solve traditional farming problems like an attack on crops by bird thereby increasing agricultural productivity. This system incorporates a soil moisture sensor to guarantee the application of water to soil adequately. It uses a PIR sensor and a buzzer to solve the problem of attack on crops by birds. This project is powered by a solar panel which is one of the cheapest form of renewable energy and environmentally friendly. The main objective of this project is to upturn the agricultural productivity of the nation by automating the irrigation process. Bird attacks on farmlands are also responsible for destroying a vast amount of crops. One of the traditional problems of agriculture is that farmers frequently neglect to water their plants; it can be as a result of inattentiveness or because of the fact that the farmers are far from home. The utilization of the soil moisture sensor limits the human presence. The microcontroller utilizes the real-time readings of the sensors and automates the irrigation and bird repellent process. From the results, it was observed that the irrigation time was higher in totally dry clay compared to partially wet clay and wet clay respectively. For clay, the irrigation time is in order of magnitude dry clay > partial wet clay > wet clay of the irrigation other soil samples. For the loamy soil, the dry soil was higher. It follows the same trend as the clay in magnitude. It can be found in sandy soil that the wet sample was higher than the totally dry and partially wet sandy soil in terms irrigation time