bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender minorities at music festivals
Authors: Kinnunen Maarit , Honkanen Antti
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose was to examine the prevalence and type of inappropriate behaviour gender minorities face and how they perceive such behaviour. The study is framed within Gidley et al.’s social inclusion model, indicating areas where actions are needed to avoid social exclusion.

Design/methodology/approach

The research data comprised over 12,000 responses to a web survey, which included 184 responses from gender minority members and four in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using statistical methods and interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Findings

About 59% of gender minority members had experienced inappropriate behaviour, compared to 34% of female festival attendees. The most common form of inappropriate behaviour towards gender minorities was harassment because of gender, followed by sexual harassment, physically threatening situations and harassment because of appearance or clothing. Interviews were analysed against the theoretical framework of social inclusion, determining how the experiences influenced access, participation and empowerment.

Practical implications

Festivals must have unisex toilets. Safer space policies should be better communicated, more visible and more practical. Instead of having one harassment contact person, there should be a whole team. Training the festival personnel, particularly the security staff, is highly important. People are reluctant to report problems to the security personnel since those personnel might be part of the problem. There should be members of gender minorities among performers, workers, security staff and volunteers.

Originality/value

Studies on inappropriate behaviour at festivals have concentrated on female experiences of sexual harassment. Gender minorities have hardly been studied, even though they face more inappropriate behaviour than any other minority group. Furthermore, gender minorities are typically grouped with sexual minorities even though their experiences differ from one another. We applied Gidley et al.’s hierarchical model of social inclusion to gender minority members in the context of music festivals. In doing so, we added knowledge of attitudes and practices that reduce and endanger feelings of access, participation and empowerment.
Study on the sealing mechanism of ribbed oil-slinging ring composite seal at the axle end of high-speed train gearboxes
Authors: Lin Jiaxu , Li Yana , Liu Ziyuan , Liu Yu , Li Baoliang , Sha Zhihua
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the sealing performance of a novel ribbed oil-slinging ring composite seal (ROSRCS) for the axle end of train gearboxes. The ROSRCS design incorporates added ribs and an inclined outer edge to enhance the sealing mechanism and reduce oil leakage.

Design/methodology/approach

Computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to analyze the leakage characteristics of ROSRCS under varying angles, outer edge inclinations and rib numbers and heights. The sealing performance was compared to a traditional oil-slinging ring composite seal (OSRCS). Key parameters such as oil leakage rate, turbulence dissipation intensity and jet strength were evaluated.

Findings

Results indicate that ROSRCS reduces the oil leakage rate by 5.7% compared to OSRCS. At a slinger ring inclination of 35°, the turbulence dissipation center in the ROSRCS flow field shifts toward the inlet, increasing the maximum turbulence dissipation intensity by 22.56%. A proper outer edge inclination enhances jet intensity, strengthening turbulence dissipation by up to 9.21%. While adding ribs may generate negative pressure zones, strategic rib configurations improve axle-end sealing performance by modifying the number, position and intensity of vortices.

Originality/value

This research presents a refined composite seal design that enhances the sealing efficiency of train gearbox axle ends, demonstrating improved oil retention through innovative geometric modifications. The findings contribute to the development of more efficient sealing technologies in high-speed train applications.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-10-2024-0370/
Burnout in audit professionals: a job demand-resource perspective in COVID-19 era
Authors: Aoife Joyce , Tawiah Vincent , McGroary Caroline , Osei-Tutu Francis
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review existing research on burnout in the audit profession using the job demands-resources theory (JD-R) with attention to the post-COVID-19 era.

Design/methodology/approach

Consistent with prior studies, this paper adopts a systematic review methodology, incorporating a comprehensive synthesis of diverse archival materials. Using relevant keywords, the authors systematically retrieve papers on burnout from reputable databases, such as Google Scholar and Web of Science. Following rigorous selection criteria, the authors identified and analysed 43 academic and practitioner papers. Through this process, the authors contextualise the findings within the JD-R theory framework, which offers valuable insights into the interplay between job characteristics and burnout. Additionally, the authors explore the gender perspective, specifically examining the impact of work-home conflict on the burnout levels of female individuals. This dual focus enhances the understanding of burnout dynamics, considering both theoretical underpinnings and gender-specific experiences in the workplace.

Findings

The review reveals that lower-ranked accounting professionals face a greater risk of burnout compared to their higher-ranked counterparts. Additionally, female professionals tend to experience heightened levels of burnout, primarily attributed to work–home conflict, as they often shoulder more domestic and familial responsibilities than their male counterparts. Flexible working arrangements have been shown to mitigate burnout among auditors. However, the transition to remote work during the pandemic yielded mixed outcomes, with professionals exhibiting increased susceptibility to burnout symptoms in some cases.

Originality/value

The study provides new insights into the relevance of flexible work arrangements in the accounting profession in the post-COVID-19 era. The paper also makes suggestions for further research on burnout within the context of the accounting profession.
Assessing the quality of smart tourism technology: development and validation of a measurement scale
Authors: Pai Chen-Kuo , Chen Haoran , Lai Ivan Ka Wai , Li Tingting
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Smart tourism is undergoing a trend of rapid development. The quality of service in smart tourism forms the basis of tourists’ evaluations, it needs to be investigated. However, as high-quality smart tourism technologies (STTs) can enhance the overall tourist experience and increase tourist satisfaction, and there is no standard service quality evaluation system for STTs. Therefore, this study aims to explore how the quality of STTs is evaluated from the tourist’s perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the authors develop a measurement scale for smart tourism technology quality (STTQUAL) based on qualitative interviews, the Delphi method and a survey conducted in three cities that use smart tourism: Macau, Chengdu and Hangzhou.

Findings

The STTQUAL scale encompasses 37 measurement items in 7 dimensions: functionality, security, informativity, reliability, responsiveness, convenience and empathy. These dimensions encompass both technical and nontechnical aspects of service.

Research limitations/implications

This study enriches the smart tourism research literature, provides a reference for future research and helps relevant stakeholders understand tourists’ views on STTQUAL. Recommendations are provided to governments, the tourism industry and system developers for how to proceed in future development.

Originality/value

This is a mixed-methods study that fulfills established logical research criteria and proposes a scale for evaluating STTQUAL. The scale is validated through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.
Mapping the landscape of exchange rate forecasting: a bibliometric study of the last three decades (1991–2022)
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Gupta Sanjeev , Aneja Ranjan , Attri Shradha
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The present paper aims to conduct a comprehensive scientific mapping of exchange rate forecasting, highlighting trends, developments, and methodological changes. This will provide research scholars, researchers, and policymakers valuable insights to facilitate predictions.

Design/methodology/approach

The researchers performed a bibliometric analysis of exchange rate forecasting using a scientific search method on the Scopus database from 1991 to 2022. They applied a web interface program called Biblioshiny, part of the Bibliometric package built in R by Aria and Cuccurullo (2017). VOSviewer was used to identify the most influential journals, authors, countries, articles, citations, and co-citations from 1,602 documents.

Findings

The conceptual and intellectual framework of the papers under review provided an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the domain. The research outcomes provided essential information on the subject matter, highlighting the need for further investigation. The study’s findings demonstrate the evolution of the theory of forecasting exchange rates reflecting continuous developments in the methodologies applied to forecast the exchange rates.

Research limitations/implications

The scientific mapping of the present study’s bibliometric analysis is limited to the Scopus database because of its comprehensive coverage of high-quality journals and predefined structures compatible with Bibliometrix software.

Practical implications

The study provides considerable insight into forecasting exchange rates and their interlinkages. By outlining the social and intellectual structure of the field, it directs upcoming scholars about the relevant topics, contexts and potential collaborations emerging in this field. The study also reveals the critical concerns in the area and leads to potential research opportunities.

Social implications

The study sheds light on emerging trends and approaches to forecasting exchange rates and will provide valuable information and insights to policymakers, economists, investors and decision-makers in the financial sector. It will contribute to prioritising research in overlooked areas and support the formulation of effective policies.

Originality/value

This study contributes significantly by bringing together disparate literature on exchange rate forecasting, highlighting important journals, authors and documents, and examining the recent studies on the foreign exchange rate.
Knowledge Diffusion from Academia to Industry
Authors: Lin Bou‐Wen , Shih Hui‐Yu , Chang Yu‐Yu
Published: December 2024

Universities and firms serve as key agents in the creation and transfer of knowledge, where universities primarily develop fundamental knowledge, which is later transferred across institutional boundaries and evolves into different forms for either scientific advancement or economic value creation. Although much research has examined technology transfer, the mechanisms influencing the speed and continuity of knowledge diffusion remain underexplored. Drawing upon institutional theory, this study investigates the speed and continuity of knowledge transfer from universities’ scientific outputs to patented technologies utilized by industry stakeholders. This paper disentangles the multi‐level and cross‐boundary dynamics of university–industry knowledge diffusion by examining the bridging role of science‐linked patents (SLPs). Based on a longitudinal analysis of scientometric data, we find that universities’ academic reputations and the standard shaping of SLPs accelerate the speed of knowledge diffusion. Interestingly, academic reputation does not directly influence the long‐term industrial impact of scientific knowledge. Additionally, contextual similarity between universities and patentees, as well as patents’ boundary‐spanning activities, are found to reduce the speed of knowledge diffusion and diminish the subsequent industrial impact of scientific knowledge. Our findings underscore that the early emergence of SLPs is critical to the impact of scientific discoveries on the trajectory of subsequent technological innovations.
Utilization and psychometric properties of Quality of documentation of Nursing Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes (Q‐DIO): A scoping review
Authors: Bozzetti Mattia , Fantuzzi Claudia , El Lahlah Dina , Casagrande Sara , Marcomini Ilaria , Pendoni Roberta , Müller Staub Maria
Published: December 2024

Aims

To summarize studies using the quality of diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes (Q‐DIO) and to evaluate measurement properties of different Q‐DIO translations/versions. This tool assesses the quality of nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes documented in nursing practice.

Design

A scoping review was carried out by using the updated methodology for scoping reviews of the Joanna Briggs Institute.

Methods

The characteristics of different Q‐DIO versions were summarized, and the methodological quality and measurement properties of the instrument(s) were assessed using the Consensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology.

Data sources

In May 2024, searches across five databases and sources of gray literature were performed.

Results

Out of 14,192 articles, 35 were deemed relevant, with 12 studies included in the COSMIN analysis. Based on the evaluation results, six versions of the Q‐DIO were recommended for immediate use, and one was identified as pending further validation studies before having potential for recommendation.

Conclusions

This review underscores the extensive translation, adaptation, and validation of Q‐DIO instruments across various languages and cultural contexts, emphasizing their global significance and effectiveness in nursing practice. These instruments demonstrate robust psychometric properties, especially in content validity and reliability.

Impact

This scoping review sheds light on the existing knowledge, application, and validity of the Q‐DIO, offering suggestions for its improvement. The results could assist nurse educators, managers, and researchers in effectively using the tool.

Reporting method

This study was reported following the guidelines provided by the PRISMA‐ScR.

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution.
The effects of a home visit‐supported nursing education program on certain parameters in older adults living alone at home
Authors: Arabacı Zeynep , Kaçan Havva
Published: December 2024

Background

The rapid aging of the world population is emerging as a global public health issue, and the likelihood of living alone increases with age.

Aim

This study aims to develop healthy lifestyle behaviors, reduce loneliness levels, and increase social support capacity among older adults living alone at home.

Research model

The present study was designed as a quasi‐experimental study.

Method

This study included 49 older adults aged 65 and above who agreed to participate, with 26 in the experimental group and 23 in the control group. The data collection tools used were the Introductory Information Form, the healthy lifestyle behavior scale II, the UCLA loneliness scale Short Form‐6, and the multidimensional scale of Perceived Social Support. The experimental group received individualized nursing education programs through weekly 60‐min home visits for 8 weeks. The study followed the CONSORT flow diagram.

Results

The results indicate a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of the experimental group in the “Friend” dimension of the Perceived Social Support Scale. However, no difference was found in the healthy lifestyle behavior scores and the loneliness scale scores.

Conclusion

It is difficult to achieve significant improvements in short periods among older adult groups. Substantial changes may not have occurred because this study included pretest and posttest measures over an 8‐week period. Therefore, future studies should consider longer durations and include follow‐up processes to observe more significant effects.

Implications for nursing practice

It is anticipated that there will be a successful aging process in studies supported by long‐term home visits by nurses.
Comparison of the analgesic dose of intravenous ketamine versus ketorolac in patients with chest trauma: A randomized double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Mahmoodabadi Hossein Zabihi , Javadein Zeynab Seyed , Moosaie Fatemeh , Faegh Ali , Bahreini Maryam
Published: December 2024

Background

Pain management is a critical part of treatment in patients with chest trauma. Opioids and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs have been the most commonly used medications. However, their side effects have drawn attention to other medications. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of the analgesic dose of ketamine in patients with chest trauma in comparison to ketorolac.

Methods

A randomized, double‐blind clinical trial was conducted in three hospitals. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: 45 in the ketorolac group (30 mg intravenous [IV] and 45 in the ketamine group [0.25 mg/kg IV]). Pain was rated via numeric rating scale (NRS) before and 30 and 60 min after the drug injection. Morphine was used as the rescue medication. Furthermore, the adverse events of the two study regimens were rated.

Results

Pain was more significantly relieved in the ketamine group, 30 and 60 min after drug administration, compared to ketorolac (median [IQR] 95% CI 30‐min NRS 3.0 [1.0] 2.8–3.5 vs. 5.0 [4.5] 4.2–5.8, p = 0.006; and 60‐min NRS 3.0 [2.0] 2.7–3.7 vs. 5.6 [1.7] 4.7–6.4, p < 0.001), respectively. Among patients with a chest tube, pain was more significantly controlled in the ketamine group (p < 0.001). Also, patients in the ketamine group needed less rescue pain medications compared to the ketorolac group although they reported more frequent nausea.

Conclusion

Ketamine can be an effective analgesic in patients with chest trauma in acute settings with or without rib fracture.
Maternity Care Informed Consent Practices and Perspectives: A Qualitative Study at a Tertiary Maternity Unit
Authors: Ely Sally , Langer Susanne , Dietz Hans Peter , Shek Ka Lai
Published: December 2024

Background

Although consent has long been accepted as necessary in maternity care, the concept of informed consent for planned vaginal birth has polarised maternity politics. The publication of the NSW Consent Manual outlines new standards of informed consent, signalling the need for examination of current maternity consent practices.

Aims

To examine informed consent and disclosure of material risks in birth in a prospective qualitative study of midwives and obstetricians.

Materials and Methods

Qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews to examine practices and perspectives of obstetricians and midwives.

Results

Twenty‐two telephone interviews were concluded. Five sub‐themes were identified: (1) non‐compliance with the NSW Consent Manual, (2) risk communication/informed consent in maternity care, (3) consent practices in instrumental birth, (4) who should deliver risk information and when (5) barriers to change in consent practice (obstetricians only).

Conclusions

One hundred per cent of participants (18 obstetricians, 4 midwives) described risk communication/informed consent practices that were non‐complaint with the standards set out in the 2020 NSW Consent Manual. Eighty‐three per cent (15/18) of obstetricians reported that current hospital‐wide maternity care practices in risk communication/informed consent are inadequate. Sixty‐one per cent (11/18) of obstetricians specifically singled out informed consent practices regarding instrumental birth to be inadequate. Ninety‐four per cent (17/18) of obstetricians believe that maternity care consent practices need to be improved. The results of this study indicate that material risks of vaginal birth, caesarean section and instrumental birth, are not routinely disclosed during antenatal courses. Urgent resources and structural change are required to uphold women's legal right to bodily autonomy.
Update on andrological effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19: An overview review
Authors: Lisco Giuseppe , De Tullio Anna , Matin Maima , Giagulli Vito Angelo , Guastamacchia Edoardo , De Pergola Giovanni , Piazzolla Giuseppina , Triggiani Vincenzo
Published: December 2024

Background

Evidence indicates a wide range of andrological alterations in patients with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19).

Aim

To provide an update on the andrological effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19.

Methods

PubMed/MEDLINE and Institutional websites were searched for randomized clinical trials, non‐systematic reviews, systematic reviews, and meta‐analyses.

Results

Fifty‐four records were included from 2020 to 2024. The most representative paper categories were non‐systematic reviews (n = 26) and systematic reviews/meta‐analyses (n = 27). One randomized, prospective, phase 2 trial was also included. Eight topics were identified and discussed as follows: short‐ and long‐term seminal changes attributable to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or COVID‐19; andrological effects of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines; the potential impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 on male fertility; the relationship between serum testosterone levels and COVID‐19 prognosis in men; fertility care during the pandemic; urinary/genital male system tract impairment in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19; the effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 on circulating levels of sex steroid hormones; the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19 on sexual function and activity.

Discussion

SARS‐CoV‐2 can affect the whole testicular function through direct and indirect mechanisms, with a positive relation between the severity of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the level of deterioration of testicular function. Testicular function recovers along with the recovery from the disease. In vitro fertilization techniques ensure similar results in patients with or without previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or COVID‐19. Immunization with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines prevents andrological complaints due to naturally occurring infection. Erectile dysfunction and sexual dysfunction are frequently diagnosed in COVID‐19 patients due to several contributing factors, including hormonal imbalance and psychosocial complaints related to the pandemic.
A review of submandibular gland extirpation in an Australian quaternary referral centre: aetiologies and trends over 35 years
Authors: Flame Aki Constantine , Gupta Ruta , Clark Jonathan Robert , Elliott Michael , Shannon Kerwin Frank , Palme Carsten Erich , Wykes James , Cheung Veronica Ka‐Yan , Manzie Timothy , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert)
Published: December 2024

Background

Submandibular gland pathology is common but rarely reported. This study was performed to evaluate demographic, pathological, and survival outcomes associated with submandibular gland extirpation.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of patients treated in a single quaternary‐care institution between 1989 and 2022 was performed.

Results

Four hundred and sixty patients underwent submandibular gland extirpation with a female preponderance (n = 271, 59%) and a mean age of 51 years. Older age was associated with increased risk of malignancy (P < 0.001). Submandibular calculus was the most common pathology, with gland extirpation for this indication decreasing over time (P = 0.005). Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumour (n = 96, 52.7% of total tumours), and adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour (n = 25, 13.7% of total tumours).

Conclusions

Submandibular calculus remains the most common indication for submandibular gland extirpation, although the rate is decreasing over time. Pleomorphic adenoma continues to be the most common tumour of the submandibular gland, whilst adenoid cystic carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour. The incidence of benign versus malignant tumours has remained constant over the period of this study.
Gas gangrene due to Clostridium haemolyticum in a cat with aortic thromboembolism treated using clopidogrel and rivaroxaban
Authors: Simpson C , Baranger‐Ete M , Leung J , Worthing K , Malik R
Published: December 2024

A 12‐year‐old Bengal cat with unclassified cardiomyopathy presented for signs consistent with aortic thromboembolism (ATE). It was treated with clopidogrel and rivaroxaban as antithrombotic therapy, combined with narcotic analgesia and frusemide. After initially making a clinical improvement, the cat's condition suddenly deteriorated, with a presumptive diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis. We posit that ischaemia due to ATE allowed dormant clostridial spores in the left hindlimb to germinate and multiply vegetatively, resulting in the elaboration of potent Gram‐positive exotoxins, resulting in the clinical syndrome of gas gangrene, with emphysematous change in the affected limb. Samples collected following euthanasia confirmed the presumptive diagnosis, and Clostridium haemolyticum was isolated after prolonged anaerobic broth culture. The authors propose that benzyl penicillin be given intravenously to cats with ATE as bacterial prophylaxis to prevent this unusual but devastating sequela developing.
Our ways will not change: Future collective continuity increases present prosocial considerations
Authors: Simić Andrej , Sacchi Simona , Perugini Marco
Published: December 2024

Collective continuity, the perception of the ingroup as an enduring temporal entity, has been linked with ingroup favouritism, negative attitudes and prejudice towards the outgroups. However, previous studies focused mainly on the perceived connection between the past and present of the group. We proposed that the expectation of a strong similarity between the present and future of the national ingroup, future collective continuity (FCC), positively affects present intergroup relations construals. In line with the hypotheses, Study 1 (N = 202) showed a positive relation between FCC and prosocial outgroup beliefs (i.e., foreigner‐related). Study 2 (N = 200) suggested that FCC negatively affects prejudice towards immigrants through lower levels of collective angst. Study 3 (N = 250; preregistered) provided experimental evidence that FCC decreased outgroup prejudice and anxiety and increased collective action intentions through collective angst. Furthermore, a moderated mediation model revealed that these effects held only for individuals who identified with their nation more. Our work suggests that believing that the ingroup will not significantly change in the future might make individuals more open towards outgroup members in the present.
Lifetime Use of Dental Services and Dental Caries in Adolescents in 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort
Authors: Fôlha Clarissa Nachtigall , Cascaes Andreia Morales , Correa Marcos Britto , Cademartori Mariana Gonzalez , Matijasevich Alicia , Santos Iná S. , Barros Aluísio J. D. , Camargo Maria Beatriz Junqueira
Published: December 2024

Objective

To examine the association between the lifetime utilisation of dental services and dental caries experience in mixed dentition among adolescents participating in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Southern Brazil.

Methods

This longitudinal study analysed a sample of 996 adolescents aged 12–13 years. Dental caries experience and untreated dental caries were the outcomes, assessed by the mean of decayed, missed and filled in deciduous (dmfs index) and in permanent (DMFS index) teeth, based on World Health Organization criteria. The main exposure was lifetime use of dental services, defined as: always have gone to the dentist for preventive reason; have gone to the dentist at times for preventive reason, at times for problem‐oriented reason; always have gone to the dentist for problem‐oriented reason (reference category). Family income mobility during the first 4 years of the child's life, maternal schooling, adolescent sex and skin colour were the confounders. Crude and adjusted analyses were conducted using negative binomial regression, estimating mean ratios (MR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results

In the adjusted analysis, adolescents who consistently utilised dental services for preventive reasons exhibited a mean 49% lower dental caries indexes (MR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.35–0.76) and 56% lower mean of untreated dental caries (MR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.26–0.74) compared to their counterparts who consistently sought dental care for problem‐oriented reasons. The utilisation of dental services occasionally for preventive reasons and occasionally for problem‐oriented reasons was also associated with lower caries indexes.

Conclusion

The lifetime utilisation of dental services, whether always or occasionally for preventive reasons, was found to be a protective factor for dental caries in adolescence. These findings reinforce the importance of raising awareness among the public regarding the preventive use of dental services. Additionally, there is a need to organise dental services to facilitate the provision of preventive dental care since early childhood.
Abused Women as ‘Alienating’ Mothers and Violent Men as ‘Good’ Fathers: Double Standards in Child Protection and Child Custody Proceedings
Authors: Lapierre Simon , Ladouceur Patrick , Abrahams Naomi , Vincent Alexandra , Frenette Michèle
Published: December 2024

Drawing upon multiple case studies, this article examines how parenting double standards are reproduced in situations where women who have experienced domestic violence have been seen as ‘alienating’ mothers, while the men who have perpetrated the violence have been seem as ‘good’ or ‘good enough’ fathers. In total, 25 cases studies were conducted with women who had experienced domestic violence, had at least one child and had been perceived by at least one professional as ‘engaging in parental alienation’ at some point within the previous 5 years. Each case study involved at least one semi‐structured interview with the woman and the analysis of relevant documents, including family evaluation reports, child protection reports and court decisions. These double standards were identified when the mothers' and the fathers' behaviours and circumstances had been measured or evaluated using a different set of principles. The research findings reveal different main manifestations of parenting double standards, which relate to the parents' credibility and the parents' past and personal histories. Moreover, the fact that the parents talk to the children about the other parent is perceived differently when mothers and fathers are doing it. Professionals also reproduce double standards when they minimize and the justify the parents' ‘inappropriate’ behaviours and when they consider the parents' help‐seeking strategies.
Assessing how restoration can facilitate 30×30 goals for climate‐resilient coastal ecosystems in the United States
Authors: Gittman Rachel K. , Baillie Christopher J. , Cros Annick , Grabowski Jonathan H. , McKinney Mary‐Margaret , Saccomanno Vienna R. , Smith Carter. S. , DeAngelis Bryan
Published: December 2024

Ecosystems globally have reached critical tipping points because of climate change, urbanization, unsustainable resource consumption, and pollution. In response, international agreements have set targets for conserving 30% of global ecosystems and restoring 30% of degraded lands and waters by 2030 (30×30). In 2021, the United States set a target to jointly conserve and restore 30% of US lands and waters by 2030, with a specific goal to restore coastal ecosystems, namely wetlands, seagrasses, coral and oyster reefs, and mangrove and kelp forests, to increase resilience to climate change. Although US efforts to conserve and restore coastal ecosystems have increased in recent decades, critical knowledge gaps about the effectiveness of past and current efforts remain. To address key knowledge gaps, we first collated information on current and historic extent and drivers of change for wetlands, seagrasses, coral and oyster reefs, and mangrove and kelp forests in the United States. We then synthesized guiding principles from the literature for restoration practitioners to evaluate ecosystem trade‐offs, sustain and enhance ecosystem connectivity, bolster climate resilience, and promote social equity. Significant investment in standardized ecosystem mapping and monitoring and multispecies, landscape‐scale restoration efforts can improve resilience of coastal ecosystems to climate change and help the United States achieve its 30×30 target.
Clinical presentations and complications of lichen sclerosus: A systematic review
Authors: Conte Santina , Mohamed Sarah Daraj , Cohen Yossi , Yacovelli Alexandra , Starkey Samantha , Johnston Leah , Shergill Mahek , Law Angela , Litvinov Ivan V. , Mukovozov Ilya
Published: December 2024

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory dermatosis most commonly characterized by changes in skin pigmentation and pruritus, with associated dyspareunia and genital architectural changes. There are a variety of complications associated with LS, which further worsen a patient's health‐related quality of life. A systematic review was conducted to summarize the literature regarding clinical features of LS, as well as LS‐associated complications. In total, 900 studies were included, which represented 17,011 clinical presentations and 2,795 complications of LS in women, and 5,745 clinical presentations and 769 complications of LS in men. In both sexes, the majority of reported cases (77% in females, 99% in males) localized to the genitals. In women, presentations were spread amongst loss of normal architecture (14%), pigmentary changes (21%) and pruritus (18%), whereas in men a greater portion of cases presented with architectural alterations (34%), as well as pigmentary changes (15%) and urogenital symptoms (15%). Other classes of LS‐associated presentations included textural changes, atrophy, pain/burning/discomfort, erosions/ulcerations/excoriations, bleeding/bruising/purpura, defecatory symptoms and bullae. A small portion of cases found in the literature presented with asymptomatic LS. LS‐associated complications included skin neoplasms, urogenital issues and sexual dysfunction, including dyspareunia.
The Words Children Hear and See: Lexical Diversity Across‐Modalities and Its Impact on Lexical Development
Authors: Li Luan , Song Ming , Cai Qing
Published: December 2024

Early vocabulary development benefits from diverse lexical exposures within children's language environment. However, the influence of lexical diversity on children as they enter middle childhood and are exposed to multimodal language inputs remains unclear. This study evaluates global and local aspects of lexical diversity in three 1.6‐million‐word child‐directed corpora, representing average Chinese children's speech, print, and media language environments. Additionally, pseudo‐multimodal samples were compiled from the three corpora to compare with the unimodal environments on lexical diversity. We then investigated the associations between lexical diversity and the acquisition of 361 words spanning early‐to‐middle childhood. The findings show that print and pseudo‐multimodal language provided the most diverse lexical environments, whereas speech exhibited the least diversity. However, speech diversity most strongly predicted lexical development, particularly before the onset of middle childhood. Exploratory analysis revealed that lexical diversity of other modalities emerged as stronger predictors thereafter. Early lexical development was best predicted by words’ variations in connectivity with other words within an immediate context, whereas in middle childhood, variations in words’ occurrences in larger context windows became the primary predictor, implicating children's growing ability to attend to linguistic contexts of increasing sizes. Importantly, higher diversity was consistently associated with earlier word acquisition across measures and developmental phases. These findings underscore the critical role of varied lexical experiences in children's language development.
Plant Species Richness and the Root Economics Space Drive Soil Fungal Communities
Authors: Hennecke Justus , Bassi Leonardo , Albracht Cynthia , Amyntas Angelos , Bergmann Joana , Eisenhauer Nico , Fox Aaron , Heimbold Lea , Heintz‐Buschart Anna , Kuyper Thomas W. , Lange Markus , Pinheiro Alves de Souza Yuri , Rai Akanksha , Solbach Marcel Dominik , Mommer Liesje , Weigelt Alexandra
Published: December 2024

Trait‐based approaches have been increasingly used to relate plants to soil microbial communities. Using the recently described root economics space as an approach to explain the structure of soil‐borne fungal communities, our study in a grassland diversity experiment reveals distinct root trait strategies at the plant community level. In addition to significant effects of plant species richness, we show that the collaboration and conservation gradient are strong drivers of the composition of the different guilds of soil fungi. Saprotrophic fungi are most diverse in species‐rich plant communities with ‘slow’ root traits, whereas plant pathogenic fungi are most diverse and abundant in communities with ‘fast’ and ‘DIY’ root traits. Fungal biomass is strongly driven by plant species richness. Our results illustrate that the root economics space and plant species richness jointly determine the effects of plants on soil fungal communities and their potential role in plant fitness and ecosystem functioning.
Habitat Restorations in an Urban Landscape Rapidly Assemble Diverse Pollinator Communities That Persist
Authors: Ulrich Jens , Sargent Risa D.
Published: December 2024

Ecological restoration is a leading approach to mitigating biodiversity decline. While restoration often leads to an immediate increase in species abundance or diversity, it is rarely clear whether it supports longer‐term biodiversity gains at the landscape scale. To examine the impacts of urban restoration on pollinator biodiversity, we conducted a 3‐year natural experiment in 18 parks across a large metropolitan area. We applied an occupancy model to our survey data to determine how restoration, woody plant density and pollinator specialisation impacted interannual pollinator metacommunity dynamics. Restoration drove a rapid increase in pollinator species occurrence that was maintained through a positive balance between colonisation and persistence, resulting in pollinator species richness gains that are retained. We conclude that urban restoration can effectively conserve pollinator biodiversity by influencing the processes that underlie long‐term population stability. Our results highlight the need to study the long‐term effects of restoration in different landscape contexts.
Large Differences in Herbivore Performance Emerge From Simple Herbivore Behaviours and Fine‐Scale Spatial Heterogeneity in Phytochemistry
Authors: Pan Vincent S. , Ghosh Enakshi , Ode Paul J. , Wetzel William C. , Gilbert Kadeem J. , Pearse Ian S.
Published: December 2024

Patterns of phytochemistry localisation in plant tissues are diverse within and across leaves. These spatial heterogeneities are important to the fitness of herbivores, but their effects on herbivore foraging and dietary experience remain elusive. We manipulated the spatial variance and clusteredness of a plant toxin in a synthetic diet landscape on which individual caterpillars fed. We monitored caterpillars with cameras across most of their larval development. Caterpillars that fed on diets with a lower spatial variance and more clustered arrangement of toxins had overall worse performance, mostly because those caterpillars ate less, moved more, ingested more toxin, or failed to physiologically acclimate. Using empirically parameterised individual‐based models, we found that differences in movement away from, not towards, less toxic food drove a body size‐dependent effect of clusteredness. Hence, the spatial pattern of phytochemicals itself, beyond mean concentration, can have important consequences for herbivores through complex interactions with herbivore foraging.
Can circular economy strategies address resource constraints for lithium‐ion batteries? A comprehensive dynamic material flow analysis of lithium flows in China's battery sector
Authors: Liu Haoning , Domenech Aparisi Teresa
Published: December 2024

The low‐carbon transition requires widespread adoption of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), which rely on critical raw materials. Lithium (Li) demand is expected to increase 10‐fold by 2050 globally, raising concerns over the sustainability of future supply. As one of the world's largest producers and consumers of LIBs, China's role is pivotal in addressing resource constraints, enhancing circularity, and enabling global climate commitments. This paper uses a dynamic material flow analysis model to trace Li flows and stocks in China's LIBs system, taking 2021 as the base year and designing scenarios to 2050 to assess the potential role of circular economy (CE) strategies in addressing primary lithium constraints. While previous studies have concentrated on electric vehicle (EVs) LIBs, this research provides more comprehensive coverage of Li chemicals and products, assesses future Li demand considering saturation curves across different applications/groups, and provides a broader overview of policy interventions to align with CE strategies. Results illustrate that Li cumulative demand in China's LIBs sector is expected to reach 6.65 Mt from 2022 to 2050 under the business‐as‐usual (BAU) scenario. In parallel, there is a significant potential for addressing primary Li constraints through different combinations of circularity strategies, with a reduction of 60%–100% by 2050 compared to the BAU. The contribution of recycled Li is highly dependent on the strategies adopted to optimize end‐of‐life (EOL) LIBs management and battery chemistry innovation. Policies to address this are discussed including waste regulatory instruments, new remanufacturing business models, and continuous support to research and development activities to help close the loop of lithium and ease Li constraints.
Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated With Intravenous Access First Attempt and Overall Success in Hospitalised Medical‐Surgical Adults
Authors: Callahan Andrew , Shamailov Maya , Kalo Kim , Bena James F. , Morrison Shannon L. , Hartman Jane , Albert Nancy M.
Published: December 2024

Aims

To determine patient and nursing factors associated with peripheral intravenous access success among hospitalised adults on medical‐surgical units.

Design

A prospective, cross‐sectional, correlational design was guided by STROBE.

Methods

Within a quaternary care hospital with multiple medical‐surgical units, nurses who attempted intravenous access completed case report forms and medical records were reviewed to record 38 factors associated with intravenous access success. After identifying factors associated with first attempt and overall intravenous access success in univariate analyses, prediction models were fit and calibration (based on plots) and discrimination (using the C‐statistic) were evaluated using bootstrap sampling.

Results

Of 394 adults, 244 (61.9%) had first attempt and 323 (82.0%) had overall intravenous access success. Ultrasound was used in 227 (57.6%) intravenous access attempts and use was associated with less vein visibility and palpability and higher nurse perception of difficult intravenous access. In multivariable modelling, four factors were associated with first attempt intravenous access success: using a wrist vein, higher nurse expertise in intravenous access, nurse use of an ultrasound in patients with high‐risk vein characteristics, and higher nurse confidence in first attempt success; model goodness of fit was good. Seven factors were associated with overall intravenous access success: shorter patient hospital length of stay, no history of diabetes, higher patient anxiety level, nurse use of an ultrasound in patients with high‐risk vein characteristics, higher nurse expertise in intravenous access, higher nurse confidence in first attempt success, and nurse prediction of difficult intravenous access was low; model goodness of fit was strong.

Conclusion

Patients' vein characteristics and nurses' confidence in first attempt intravenous access success were predominant characteristics of intravenous access success.

Implications

Factors of importance in achieving intravenous access can be easily assessed prior to first attempt and may enhance first attempt and overall success.

Reporting Method

Authors adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines and used the following reporting method: STROBE (The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies).
Unpacking power dynamics and women's economic empowerment in polygynous households in Burkina Faso
Authors: Eissler Sarah , Heckert Jessica , Pedehombga Abdoulaye , Sanou Armande , Ganaba Rasmané , Gelli Aulo
Published: December 2024

Objective

We aim to describe power distributions in polygynous households and consider how these matter for the production and allocation of food‐generating resources in western Burkina Faso, where there is a high prevalence of polygyny.

Background

Recent studies on polygyny focus on its likely negative consequences and mechanisms for explaining these outcomes using data from large multitopic surveys. These approaches fail to consider the underlying dynamics in polygynous households.

Method

As part of a 5‐year mixed‐methods evaluation of a nutrition‐ and gender‐sensitive poultry value chain intervention in western Burkina Faso, we conducted a thematic analysis of 24 gender‐disaggregated focus group discussions (265 individuals) and 24 semi‐structured interviews in six communities. They focused on gender and power dynamics, food production, and food allocation with a specific focus on polygyny.

Results

Relationships among co‐wives are often cooperative, though not necessarily warm, and typically hierarchical. Monogamous and polygynous marriage may support women's empowerment in different domains. Polygynous co‐wives may be able to divide care work, but first wives often control how labor is divided. In monogamous marriages, wives often make decisions jointly with their husbands, while in polygynous marriages, most co‐wives are left out of decisions. In polygynous households, women are better able to maintain control over their earnings.

Conclusion

We discuss these findings in terms of their implications for studying polygynous households in quantitative surveys and in terms of how to better design and target interventions for this population.
A Call to Action: Healthcare Professionals to Become Independent of the Commercial Milk Formula Industry
Authors: Errico Jamie , Bando Nicole , Volders Evelyn , Halliday Kathleen
Published: December 2024

Health‐care professionals (HCP) have a responsibility to protect and promote maternal and infant health and breastfeeding is one of the most effective measures to support this. Increasing breastfeeding rates in Australia is crucial to improving population health, but the absence of robust policies, programmes and education for HCP undermines this effort. The pervasive marketing of commercial milk formulas (CMF), including sponsorship of HCP and their organisations, has introduced significant conflicts of interest that distort clinical practice, education, research and guidelines developed in the infant feeding domain. This paper calls on all HCP to seek independence from the CMF industry and to actively support breastfeeding in their practice.