bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pendeteksi Warna Berbasis Arduino pada Aplikasi Deteksi Kematangan Buah-Buahan
Authors: Atthariq Atthariq , Febriansyah Aan , Salfikar Inzar
Published: February 2025

This research leads to the designing of the main color detector Red, Green Blue (RGB) which is applied to the detection of fruit ripeness. The purpose of this research is to help fruit farmers who wants to ensure the maturity condition of the fruits to be harvested. This research uses a scientific approach with the scientific concept of the Closest Pair Point algorithm and the use of the TS3200 color sensor. Closest Pair Point Algorithm is an algorithm that solves the problem of finding the shortest distance between a set of points in a two-dimensional plane. The TCS3200 color sensor is a converter programmed to convert color into a frequency composed of a silicon photodiode configuration and a current-to-frequency converter in a single monolithic CMOS IC. The output of this sensor is a square wave (duty cycle 50%) frequency which is directly proportional to the light intensity (irradiance). The results of the censorship process in the form of RGB numeric values ??will be compared with the original RGB values ??of the maturity provisions of a type of fruit, so that it can provide a resume for determining whether the fruit is ripe or not. The accuracy values ??obtained range between 73,87% - 93,12%.
Perancangan dan Pembuatan Mesin Grinda Mantis Chip (GMC) Untuk Mengoptimalkan Proses Pengrindaan Chip Di PT. Promanufacture Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Oktavianus Ardhian , Antonio Kevin Yonathan , Purwanto Guruh
Published: February 2025

PT. Promanufacture Indonesia bergerak di bidang bioteknologi yang memproduksi alat laboratorium. Salah satu perangkat yang sedang dikembangkan adalah mesin Mantis-Tempest Chip (MTC). Pada alat ini pengembangan, dan modifikasi dilakukan pada desain dari chip. Chip yang dikembangkan merupakan instrument laboratorium yang digunakan untuk dispensing reagan dengan sistem mikrofluida dan dapat menghasilkan berat dengan volume yang presisi dari berbagai jenis sampel dengan nilai viskositas tertentu. Dalam proses manufaktur chip ada 1 proses yang dianggap rumit, proses ini adalah proses lasering yang digunakan untuk memberikan penomoran pada chip. Untuk melakukan proses ini sebelumnya perlu dilakukan proses penghalusan permukaan pada bagian yang akan dilasering. Selama ini proses ini masih dilakukan secara manual dengan cara mengamplas satu persatu chip. Oleh sebab itu waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk proses lasering menjadi lama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat sebuah mesin grinding yang dikhususkan untuk proses pengrindaan chip, dengan posisi yang bisa diatur ketinggian mata grindanya, mesin ini nantinya akan digunakan oleh divisi produksi di PT. Promanufacture dalam upaya mempercepat proses pengrindaaan dan meningkatkan kecepatan dan jumlah chip yang bisa di lasering penomoran. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan sebuah mesin Grinding Mantis Chip (GMC) dengan dimensi 170 x 110 x 50 mm, dilengkapi posisi grinda yang bisa diadjustable pada ketinggian 45mm sampai 55mm, dan bisa mengerinda  permukaan chip secara merata, dan konsisten. Selain itu hasil mesin GMC yang sudah dibuat dan diuji ini dapat melakukan proses pengrindaan 6 chip bersamaan dalam waktu 32 detik sehingga mengoptimalkan proses yang sebelumnya ada.
Analisa Kekakuan Pelat Galvanil Ketebalan 0,6 mm Terhadap Pembentukan Bead Roll dengan Variasi Ukuran dan Bentuk Trapesium
Authors: Harsono Abimanyu , Erwanto Erwanto , Ariyanto Ariyanto
Published: February 2025

Pelat tipis banyak digunakan pada industri otomotif sebagai panel kendaraan. Bahan logam galvanil biasanya dipilih sebagai bahan kontruksi panel kendaraan karena sifatnya yang ulet, mudah dibentuk dan tidak mudah korosi. Panel memiliki peran penting dalam keamanan dan kenyamanan pada kendaraan. Kenyamanan kendaraan dipengaruhi oleh gangguan akibat getaran yang ditimbulkan dari getaran mesin dan kondisi jalan. Getaran yang berlebih dapat dikurangi dengan meningkatkan kekakuan salah satunya dengan membentuk profil alur pada permukaan panel dengan proses bead roll . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi ukuran lebar dan kedalaman alur dengan bentuk alur trapesium terhadap kekakuan pelat galvanil ketebalan 0,6 mm untuk respon frekuensi alami. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat desain eksperimen kemudian membentuk profil alur dengan proses bead roll kemudian melakukan pengukuran frekuensi alami menggunakan vibroport 80 dan menganalisis hasil pengukuran frekuensi alami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi ukuran lebar alur dan kedalaman alur tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kekakuan pelat untuk respon frekuensi alami
Analisisi Kekakuan Pelat Baja Galvanil Ketebalan 0,6 MM Akibat Pembentukan Dengan Metode Bead Rolled
Authors: M Fadillah Febian , Erwanto Erwanto
Published: February 2025

Abstrak
 
Proses pembentukan pelat secara dingin pada pelat tipis banyak digunakan dan diperlukan pada industri manufaktur, contohnya pada industri otomotif. Salah satu proses pembentukan profil pelat secara dingin dengan cara proses roll pelat atau sering disebut " Bead Roll". Proses bead roll banyak umum digunakan karena prosesnya murah, tapi mampu memperbaiki/ menambah kemampuan menahan getaran (vibrasi) yang baik, untuk mengetahui seberapa kemampuan menahan getaran (vibrasi) tersebut maka dirancang sebuah mesin "Bead Roller". Mesin "Bead Roller" berfungsi untuk membuat lekukan atau profil pada lembaran pelat. Mesin ini memiliki sepasang roll silinder yang berfungsi untuk membuat lekukan atau profil pelat, yang pada akhirnya bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil yang terbaik yang mampu meredam getaran pada pelat galvanil . Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperluas pengetahuan tentang pelat yang digunakan sebagai inovasi bentuk baru dan menjadi referensi penelitian dan pengembangan di masa depan.
Kata kunci  : Industri,  Kekakuan pada pelat,  Bead Roll, Frekuensi alami,Galvanil.
Penggunaan Fly Ash sebagai Material Bata Beton untuk Meningkatkan Daya Peredaman Panas pada Ruangan
Authors: Napitupulu Robert , Chardova Andreas , Kurniawan Zaldy
Published: February 2025

Pemanfataan fly ash sebagai bahan tambah bata beton memberikan dampak positif terhadap lingkungan, selain mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Fly ash memiliki kandungan  silikat yang kemiripan seperti semen, penambahan fly ash pada campuran bata beton bisa menjadi bahan tambah mineral yang baik untuk bata beton karena fly ash tersebut mengandung silika yang bersifat mengikat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh limbah fly ash sebagai bahan tambah terhadap peredaman panas serta mengetahui nilai komposisi yang tertinggi dan terendah untuk penambahan limbah fly ash terhadap bata beton agar dapat meredam panas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode full faktorial dengan variabel proses  fly ash : pasir 10% : 60%, 20% : 50%, 30% : 40% dan lama pengeringan 3 dan 5 hari, dan dilakukan uji peredaman panas sebagai respon yang diamati dengan jumlah 6 spesimen dan 3 kali replikasi pada setiap spesimen. Berdasarkan  hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa spesimen dengan fly ash : pasir 30% : 40% dengan waktu pengeringan 5 hari mendapatkan nilai tertinggi sebesar 6,6oC. sedangkan  fly ash : pasir 10% : 60% dengan waktu pengeringan 3 hari mendapatkan nilai terendah sebesar 4oC.
Analisa Karakteristik Pengeringan Kunyit Menggunakan Menggunakan Mesin Pengering Sistem Rotasi Berbasis ANN-FL
Authors: Susanto Agus , Arrosida Hanum , Erik Echsony Mohammad , Taufiq Mahendra Moh. , Arya Pambudi Rilo Novanda
Published: February 2025

Kunyit merupakan salah satu rempah-rempah yang memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan. Pengeringan kunyit adalah salah satu cara untuk mengawetkan kunyit agar dapat digunakan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Metode pengeringan modern menggunakan mesin pengering rotary berbasis Artificial Neural Network-Fuzzy Logic (ANN-FL) digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk tujuan tersebut. Dalam rangka untuk menganalisis karakteristik pengeringan kunyit, metode ANN-FL dikembangkan untuk memodelkan hubungan antara parameter pengeringan seperti ketebalan irisan, suhu pengeringan, kecepatan aliran udara, dan waktu pengeringan terhadap kadar air tersisan dan rasio kelembapan udara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode ANN-FL dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi kadar air kunyit dengan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi. Selain itu, metode ANN-FL juga dapat digunakan untuk mengontrol suhu dan kelembaban pengeringan kunyit sehingga diperoleh hasil pengeringan yang lebih seragam dan berkualitas tinggi.
IgG AND CD4+ Responses Post Immunization With Cidr1α-Pfemp1 Recombinant Protein
Authors: Istinaroh Nurul , Sulistyaningsih Erma , Dewanti I Dewa Ayu Ratna
Published: February 2025

Malaria vaccine is urgently needed to eradicate malaria. The complexity of Plasmodium sp life cycle and host immunity to malaria have become the forces for developing peptide-based malaria vaccines using recombinant technology. The CIDR1α-PfEMP1 (cysteine-rich interdomain region 1α of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1) is vital in malaria pathogenicity, making it a malaria vaccine candidate. This study investigated the IgG and CD4+ responses generated after the CIDR1α-PfEMP1 recombinant protein immunization in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into a control group, injected with 0.9% NaCl, and a treatment group, subcutaneously injected with 150 µg of purified CIDR1α-PfEMP1 recombinant protein. Injection was conducted thrice with a three-week interval. Blood samples were extracted every two weeks after immunization. IgG and CD4+ concentrations were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed using the independent T-test and Mann-Whitney test based on the data distribution. IgG and CD4+ concentrations increased along with the injection frequency. Significant differences between the control and treatment groups were observed in IgG concentrations after all injections and CD4+ level only after secondary II immunization (p<0.05). In conclusion, the CIDR1α-PfEMP1 recombinant protein induces humoral and cellular immune responses through increased IgG and CD4+ concentrations, making it a potential malaria vaccine candidate.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Fatigue Level in Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Denpasar City
Authors: Sahadewa Anak Agung Gede Anandyaksa Waranggana , Apsari Putu Indah Budi , Wijaya Putu Austin Widyasari
Published: February 2025

Ojek online is an online-based transportation that is currently popular. Along with the rise of this drivers, it causes an increase in the number of accidents that occur. Factors that cause fatigue consist of age, gender, workload, length of service, and duration of work. Fatigue is the most workload experienced by online motorcycle taxi drivers in Denpasar. The purpose of this research is to determine the factors that affect job fatigue in online motorcycle taxi drivers, such as age, gender, smoking habits, length of work, duration of work, and body mass index. This study is an observational study with a cross sectional design and used the Industrial Fatigue Research Committee questionnaire. The subjects of this study were online motorcycle taxi drivers in Bali, especially in Denpasar City, totaling 106 people selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria using purposive sampling technique. The majority of this subjects are male (51,2%), duration of work of >8 hours (69,1%), work for >2 years (61,5%), aged 37 years (66,1%), and obese (100%) experiencing job fatigue. The results of the analysis obtained smoking factors, work duration, length of work, age, and body mass index affect work fatigue in online motorcycle taxi drivers.
Validation of Sistem Pelatihan Otak or SiPETA A Digital Cognitive Remediation Therapy for Children
Authors: Dewi Suzy Yusna , Pasiak Taufiq Fredrik , Theresa Ria Maria , Harfiani Erna
Published: February 2025

The development of cognitive abilities is closely related to children's academic achievement and behavioral issues. Children prefer media that use visual and auditory elements to optimize their attention. Therefore, media are needed to enhance attention and memory, thus improving their understanding of lessons and impacting academic performance. This study aims to validate SiPETA as a digital cognitive remediation therapy for children to enhance learning abilities. SiPETA was developed based on a prototype of learning methods focused on Attention, Memory, and Self-Regulation. The platform contains social intelligence stories based on Bloom's taxonomy, categorizing cognitive abilities into six levels. The research method includes three stages. In the first stage, face validity was tested by 13 experts in child development and special education who evaluated the platform's narratives using the Delphi method. In the second stage, content and construct validity of SiPETA were tested by experts using the Lawshe method. In the third stage, the usability of the SiPETA application was tested on 12 elementary school children using the Lawshe method. The results showed that SiPETA is valid, reliable, and ready for training. SiPETA can be a valuable tool for teachers and parents to help children develop cognitive skills and improve academic achievement.
Effect Honey Has on SOD and Caspase9 Levels with Exposure to Cigarette Smoke in Wistar Rats
Authors: Fentri Ela , Isradji Israhnanto , Trisnadi Setyo
Published: February 2025

Cigarettes are a source of exogenous free radicals which disrupt the balance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, causing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of giving honey (Mel depuratum) on SOD and caspase-9 levels in Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke. This research used a laboratory experimental approach with a post-test only control group design. 24 Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups then analysis tests were carried out using the One-Way ANOVA test and followed by the Post-Hoc LSD test. The results showed that the mean SOD levels in groups K1, K2, K3, K4 were 73.51 ± 1.68, 21.72 ± 2.23, 52.08 ± 2.03, and 73.51 ± 1.68. The results of the One Way Anova test showed a significant difference in SOD levels with a value of p = 0.000. The results of the LSD Post-Hoc Test showed that SOD levels between groups had significant differences in all groups (p=0.000). The IHK staining results showed that samples K1 and K4 were negative, while K2 showed strong positive and K3 was moderately positive.
Differences in Corpse Stiffness (Rigor Mortis) of Organophosphate-Induced and Ordinary (Decerebrated) Dead Wistar Rats : A Randomized Experimental Study
Authors: Nugroho Novianto Adi , Zahrawan Arzaq Fikrian , Wujoso Hari , Atmoko Wahyu Dwi
Published: February 2025

Corpse Stiffness (rigor mortis) is a secondary sign of death that can be used to estimate the time and cause of death. Organophosphates are the most toxic pesticides and often cause poisoning until death in humans. This study aims to determine the differences in corpse stiffness (rigor mortis) due to organophosphate poisoning and ordinary death (decerebration) using Wistar rats. The parameters of corpse stiffness (rigor mortis) used include 4 aspects: Corpse Stiffness Appearance, Perfect Formation of Corpse Stiffness, Persistent Corpse Stiffness, and Relaxation of Corpse Stiffness. Data were processed with univariate analysis and then tested with the Independent Sample T-test. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the duration of the appearance, perfect formation, persistent and relaxation of corpse stiffness between the control group and the treatment group. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in persistent corpse stiffness duration between the control and treatment groups, although there was a slight difference in the mean. Between ordinary and died rats due to organophosphate induction, there was a significant difference in the duration of appearance, perfect formation, and relaxation of corpse stiffness. However, there was no significant difference in the duration of persistent stiffness.
Keywords: Organophosphates; Poisoning; Corpse Stiffness; Rigor Mortis
Lung Adenocarcinoma Complicated By Hydropneumothorax And Pericardial Effusion With Impending Cardiac Tamponade: A Rare Case Report From A Rural Hospital In Ketapang Regency
Authors: Saputra Gede Ardi , Kalua Kesih , Willim Herick Alvenus , Munthe Eva Lydia
Published: February 2025

Lung adenocarcinoma is often associated with pulmonary complications such as hydropneumothorax and pleural effusion, and cardiac complications such as cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion, but are very rare. In our case, a 52-year-old woman presented with worsening shortness of breath for 1 month. The patient underwent thoracentesis after chest X-ray showed right pleural effusion. Pleural fluid cytology showed pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Chest CT scan showed hydropneumothorax and pericardial effusion. In conclusion, pleural effusion is common in lung malignancies. In this case, hydropneumothorax occurred due to repeated thoracentesis of massive pleural effusion. Pericardial effusion is uncommon. This is due to the presence of metastases in the pericardium that obstruct lymphatic drainage, so pericardial fluid analysis is needed.
Resistance Patterns in Second-Line Sensitization Tests and Their Effect on MDR-TB Treatment Success in Relapsed and Failed Cases
Authors: Kunarisasi Sity
Published: February 2025

Tuberculosis recurrence is caused by reinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis that has already been experienced or infection with a new strain of bacteria. The increasing incidence of TBMDR in the community accelerates the spread of TBMDR. Objective: To identify TBMDR treatment failure in relapse cases, and category 1 and 2 treatment failure. Method: Retrospective. Secondary data from the Ministry of Health SITB, 2017-2019 period shows that the sample size of relapses, category 1 and 2 treatment is 466 patients. Results: the relapse bivariate test and treatment failure categories 1 and 2 obtained a p-value of <0.05 (age 17-about 60 years and second-line sensitivity test). They are affected by HIV status. The regression results of the second sensitization test strongly influenced TB-relapsed patients to fail, dropout, and complete treatment compared to cured treatment patients, still-relapsed 17-44 years old patients, and category 1 and 2 treatment failure were more likely to be LFU than recover, and the second sensitivity test affected treatment failure and completion rather than recovery, although HIV status did not affect treatment outcomes. Conclusion: Strategy to reduce the rate of recurrence and conversion failure by examining genetic mutations (biomarkers) of M. tuberculosis.
Keywords: Relapse, treatment failure, sensitization test, outcome treatment.
Mean Platelet Volume as Potential Predictor of Intradialytic Hypertension
Authors: Soelistyoningsih Dwi , Wira Daramatasia , Qodir Abdul , Rifa'i Achmad
Published: February 2025

Abnormalities in platelets can lead to severe consequences  renal and systemic blood flow. The aim of this study is to determine the predictive ability of platelet indices (mean platelet volume, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet count) in relation to changes in blood pressure before and immediately after hemodialysis. This  study included 98 patients undergoing hemodialysis at the RSU UMM Malang, aged ≥18 years,  hemodialysis duration  > 1 month, and signing informed consent. The predictor variable were MPV, PLR, and platelet count and the outcome was the incidence of IDHT. There was a significant difference in the blood pressure of patients undergoing hemodialysis before compared to immediately after hemodialysis, for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001). To assess the sensitivity and specificity of the accuracy of the platelet count, MPV, and PLR markers in predicting IDHT, ROC curve was created based on the difference in systolic blood pressure before-after hemodialysis. From the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, it was found that the MPV value was the highest above the diagonal line compared to PLR and platelet count with an MPV cut-off value was  9.15. This indicates that MPV is the best predictive marker compared to the other models.
Creating Inclusive Societies
Authors:   , van Vemde Lian
Published: February 2025

and socioeconomic backgrounds. At the same time, polarization and negative attitudes between groups are on the rise. It is crucial to understand how to reverse these trends and to create a society where everyone feels at home. Schools play a key role in this process, as they reflect society and provide students from different backgrounds the opportunity to meet and learn together.

In her dissertation, Lian van Vemde investigates how teachers and classmates can foster positive attitudes, relationships between groups, and a sense of belonging in both the classroom and society. Her four studies, conducted in Dutch primary and secondary schools, examine factors such as teachers' and students' diversity attitudes, the ethnic composition of classrooms, and the quality of interpersonal relationships.

The research shows that diversity in the classroom offers opportunities for developing positive intergroup attitudes, relationships, and feelings of belonging, provided there is room for positive contact and positive attitudes toward different groups are encouraged. For example, students feel more at home in the Netherlands if they have a good relationship with their teacher, and teachers can stimulate positive attitudes toward groups by being positive about diversity themselves. In addition, positive attitudes of classmates toward groups play an important role: These promote friendships in the classroom and contribute to a sense of belonging to the classroom and the Netherlands.

Finally, the dissertation also underscores the importance of combating school segregation and striving for diversity in schools—not just ethnic or cultural diversity but also socioeconomic inclusivity.
By investing in inclusion and respect, schools can contribute to a cohesive society where everyone feels welcome.
Engaging New Audiences: Innovative Tools for Museum and Gallery Development in Slovakia
Authors: Korobaničová Iveta , Rončáková Romana
Published: February 2025

The concept of audience development has taken a main role in current situation among cultural institutions. After the coronavirus disease, COVID-19, a lot of cultural institutions have a problem with financing of their activities and re-engaging with their audience. The aim of this paper is to analyse the state of audience development tools among the cultural institutions and
galleries in Slovak Republic. This article relies on quantitative research to examine the complex of tools used by these institutions to achieve their goals and reach their target audiences. The research question focuses on identifying the types of tools used by these organisations to engage both potential and current audience. The research primarily highlights the significant role of social media and other digital tools in reaching younger audience.
Application and progress of 3D printed biomaterials in osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Chenxu , Liu Aiguo , Zhao Ziwen , Ying Ting , Deng Shuang , Jian Zhen , Zhang Xu , Yi Chengqing , Li Dejian
Published: February 2025

Osteoporosis results from a disruption in skeletal homeostasis caused by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. Conventional treatments, such as pharmaceutical drugs and hormone replacement therapy, often yield suboptimal results and are frequently associated with side effects. Recently, biomaterial-based approaches have gained attention as promising alternatives for managing osteoporosis. This review summarizes the current advancements in 3D-printed biomaterials designed for osteoporosis treatment. The benefits of biomaterial-based approaches compared to traditional systemic drug therapies are discussed. These 3D-printed materials can be broadly categorized based on their functionalities, including promoting osteogenesis, reducing inflammation, exhibiting antioxidant properties, and inhibiting osteoclast activity. 3D printing has the advantages of speed, precision, personalization, etc. It is able to satisfy the requirements of irregular geometry, differentiated composition, and multilayered structure of articular osteochondral scaffolds with boundary layer structure. The limitations of existing biomaterials are critically analyzed and future directions for biomaterial-based therapies are considered.
Cell–cell heterogeneity in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase biases early cell fate priming in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Abe Kenichi , Hashimura Hidenori , Hiraoka Haruka , Fujishiro Shoko , Kameya Narufumi , Taoka Kazuteru , Kuwana Satoshi , Fukuzawa Masashi , Sawai Satoshi
Published: February 2025

Glucose metabolism is a key factor characterizing the cellular state during multicellular development. In metazoans, the metabolic state of undifferentiated cells correlates with growth/differentiation transition and cell fate determination. Notably, the cell fate of the Amoebozoa species Dictyostelium discoideum is biased by the presence of glucose and is also correlated with early differences in intracellular ATP. However, the relationship between early cell–cell heterogeneity, cell differentiation, and the metabolic state is unclear. To address the link between glucose metabolism and cell differentiation in D. discoideum, we studied the role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), a key enzyme in the PEP-oxaloacetate-pyruvate node, a core junction that dictates the metabolic flux of glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and gluconeogenesis. We demonstrate that there is cell–cell heterogeneity in PEPC promoter activity in vegetative cells, which depends on nutrient conditions, and that cells with high PEPC promoter activity differentiate into spores. The PEPC null mutant exhibited an aberrantly high prestalk/prespore ratio, and the spore mass of the fruiting body was glassy and consisted of immature spores. Furthermore, the PEPC null mutant had high ATP levels and low mitochondrial membrane potential. Our results suggest the importance of cell–cell heterogeneity in the levels of metabolic enzymes during early cell fate priming.
Can fungal endophytes suppress Trialeurodes vaporariorum and the transmission of tomato infectious chlorosis and chlorosis viruses in field conditions?
Authors: Paweer Marial Makur Zechariah , Namikoye Everlyne Samita , Nchore Shem Bonuke , Akutse Komivi Senyo
Published: February 2025

Field trials were conducted for two seasons in two experimental sites (Mwea in Kirinyaga and Ngoliba in Kiambu counties of Kenya) to assess the efficacy of fungal endophytes Hypocrea lixii F3ST1 and Trichoderma asperellum M2RT4 in the control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum vector of tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) through seeds inoculation. TICV and ToCV’s disease incidence, severity and the yield were also evaluated. All the fungal endophytes successfully colonized all the tomato plant parts, but the highest root colonization was observed in H. lixii F3ST1 compared to the T. asperellum M2RT4 in both seasons. The number of nymphs was significantly lower in the endophytically colonized tomato plants than the control treatments in all the seasons and at both sites. However, the lowest number of nymphs was recorded in H. lixii F3ST1 compared to T. asperellum M2RT4. On the other hand, the TICV and ToCV disease incidence and severity rates were lower in endophytically colonized tomato crops compared to the control plots. This could be attributed to the reduction in the virus replication and lower feeding ability of T. vaporariorum that was characterized by less excretion of honeydew causing sooty mold. However, no significant difference was observed in ToCV disease severity rates among the treatments and across the seasons. The yield was significantly higher in endophyte plots than the control treatments in both sites and across the two seasons. This study demonstrates that H. lixii F3ST1 and T. asperellum M2RT4 endophytically colonized tomato plants and conferred systemic resistance against T. vaporariorum vector, and significantly reduced the transmission of TICV and ToCV, contributing to high reduction of both diseases’ incidence and severity in the field. However, further studies are warranted to confirm these results at large scale trials.
Overcoming beta-lactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by targeting metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-1: a one-microsecond molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Ardawi Mohammed Salleh M. , Badreddine Samar A. , Yasir Muhammad , Khateb Aiah M. , Turkistani Safaa A. , Afandi Ahmed , Noor Samah O. , Alselmi Adhari , Dwivedi Vivek Dhar , Azhar Esam I.
Published: February 2025

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen with a high resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, mainly due to the production of metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-1 (MBL-VIM-1) enzyme. This study aimed to identify new inhibitors targeting MBL-VIM-1 to restore the efficacy of beta-lactam antibiotics. Extensive screening of natural compounds from the COCONUT database was performed to identify the structural analogs of the existing inhibitor of the MBL-VIM-1 protein. The virtual screening process selected four top-performing compounds (CNP0390322, CNP03905695, CNP0079056, and CNP0338283) that exhibited promising docking scores. These compounds were then subjected to re-docking and one-microsecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to assess their binding stability and interactions within the MBL-VIM-1 active site. Finally, post-MD simulation calculations were employed to estimate the interaction strengths and compare the efficacy of these compounds against the reference inhibitor. The findings highlighted that these four potent MBL-VIM-1 inhibitors show superior binding affinity and stability, suggesting their potential to combat antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa. The identified compounds offer a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutics to restore the efficacy of beta-lactam antibiotics against resistant bacterial strains. Therefore, further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to validate their potential.
Effects of key parameters on pulsed field ablation of atrial fibrillation: potato experiments
Authors: Li Yunhao , Xuan Fengqi , Zhang Daoyang , Sun Mingyu , Zhang Ping , Zhang Qi , Zhang Jie , Han Yaling , Wang Zulu , Liang Ming
Published: February 2025

Aims

The study aims to investigate the impact of key parameters of pulsed field ablation (PFA) on lesion depth, including voltage (V), pulse width (PW), number of pulses (P), and ablation number (N), using potato models.

Methods

Potatoes are utilized as a display of the irreversible electroporation lesion. The key ablation parameters were varied systematically to explore its influences on lesion depths.

Results and conclusion

The key ablation parameters have varying degrees of influence on lesion depths, following the order of PW>V; V>P; PW>P; N>P. Lesion depths increased with higher values of V and P. However, when the total number of pulses reached 9,600, there was no significant increase in injury depth.
Atherogenic index of plasma and cardiovascular disease risk in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stage 1 to 3: a longitudinal study
Authors: Zhang Yu , Song Yue , Lu Yinfei , Liu Tao , Yin Ping
Published: February 2025

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major contributor to the global disease burden. Previous studies have established a link between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and CVD. However, it remains unclear whether cumulative AIP and AIP control influence the future incidence of CVD in individuals with Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome. This study aims to explore the association between cumulative AIP, AIP control levels, and the risk of CVD in individuals with CKM syndrome from stages 1 to 3.

Methods

Participants with CKM syndrome were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Cumulative AIP was calculated using triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), while AIP control levels were categorized into four groups via k-means clustering. CVD was defined by self-reported heart disease or stroke. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were employed to examine the association between AIP and incident CVD in individuals with CKM syndrome.

Results

A total of 793 participants (18.84%) developed CVD. After adjusting for confounders, cumulative AIP were associated with the developing CVD (OR=1.139, 95% CI: 1.017-1.275, P=0.0245). Compared to group 1 (best AIP control), the OR (95% CI) for incident CVD were 1.278 (0.959-1.702) for group 2, 1.329 (1.076-1.641) for group 3, and 1.195 (0.974-1.465) for group 4. Restricted cubic spline regression indicated the relationship between cumulative AIP and CVD risk is linear (P for nonlinear = 0.3377).

Conclusions

In middle-aged and elderly individuals with CKM syndrome, higher cumulative AIP and poorer AIP control were associated with an elevated incidence of CVD. These findings suggest that enhanced assessment of the AIP index could inform targeted prevention strategies for CVD in the context of CKM syndrome.
Association between atherogenic index of plasma and type 2 diabetic complications: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Yue-Yang , Yang Xiao-Yu , Wan Qin
Published: February 2025

Background

The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) was originally developed primarily as a marker for assessing atherosclerosis. Consequently, this study investigates the potential association between AIP and type 2 diabetic complications through a cross-sectional design.

Methods

The National Metabolic Management Center(MMC) serves as a comprehensive platform dedicated to the establishment of standardized protocols for the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up of metabolic diseases. Following the relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 3,094 patients were enrolled for subsequent analysis. In this study, logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and subgroup analyses were employed to evaluate the association between the AIP and four major complications of type 2 diabetes, namely, type 2 diabetes with carotid atherosclerosis (DA), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Results

The logistic regression results demonstrate that in the fully adjusted model, each SD increase in AIP correlates with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD), with the risk of kidney damage intensifying alongside higher AIP groupings. The RCS analysis and subgroup analyses similarly revealed a dose-response relationship between AIP levels and the risk of DKD. Furthermore, the AIP was not found to be statistically significantly associated with DA, DR,and DPN.

Conclusions

The AIP may serve as a valuable predictive indicator for evaluating kidney damage in patients with type 2 diabetes, and regular screening of AIP in this population could provide significant benefits in the prevention of DKD.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of abnormal expression of long non coding RNA on the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Liu Guihong , Sun Liangliang , Lv Peng , Qiao Rong , Wang Lihang , Jin Arong
Published: February 2025

Objective

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is aberrantly expressed in a variety of tumor diseases. To date, its specific role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not been fully elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the association between aberrant lncRNA expression and poor prognosis in AML patients, and to systematically assess the relationship between aberrant lncRNA expression and AML prognosis.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), WanFang (China Wanfang Database), VIP (China VIP Database), and Sinomed (China Biomedical Literature Database) to identify relevant Chinese and English articles. The search period covered from the inception of these databases to 4 August 2024. Articles were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and meta-analysis was performed using Stata.

Results

A total of 25 articles were included in the analysis. Aberrant lncRNA expression was significantly associated with reduced overall survival (univariate HR = 2.46, 95%CI 2.11–2.88, P < 0.001; multivariate HR = 2.46, 95%CI 2.11–2.88, P < 0.001), event-free survival (HR = 1.51, 95%CI 1.19–1.90, P = 0.001), recurrence-free survival (HR = 2.82, 95%CI 2.03–3.91, P < 0.001), and disease-free survival (HR = 2.390, 95%CI 1.037–5.507, P = 0.041). These findings were statistically significant. The 25 articles collectively identified 22 lncRNAs whose aberrant expression was associated with AML prognosis. Notably, multiple studies highlighted the aberrant expression of lncRNA CRNDE, ZEB2-AS1, and TUG1 as being particularly relevant to AML prognosis. Our meta-analysis revealed that high expression of lncRNA CRNDE and TUG1 was associated with reduced overall survival, while high expression of lncRNA ZEB2-AS1 was linked to decreased disease-free survival, both with statistically significant differences.

Conclusion

The expression levels of lncRNAs are closely associated with the prognosis of AML patients and may serve as important indicators for monitoring prognosis in the future. However, further high-quality studies are needed to validate these findings.
Staphylococcus aureus-specific TIGIT+ Treg are present in the blood of healthy subjects – a hurdle for vaccination?
Authors: Clegg Jonah , Mnich Malgorzata E. , Carignano Alberto , Cova Giovanni , Tavarini Simona , Sammicheli Chiara , Clemente Bruna , Smith Megan , Siena Emilio , Bardelli Monia , Brazzoli Michela , Bagnoli Fabio , McLoughlin Rachel M. , Soldaini Elisabetta
Published: February 2025

Staphylococcus aureus poses an enormous burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Making an efficacious vaccine has however proven extremely challenging. Due to colonizing interactions, pre-existing S. aureus-specific CD4+ T cells are often found in the human population and yet a detailed characterization of their phenotypes and how they might in turn impact vaccine efficacy are thus far unknown. Using an activation induced marker assay to sort for S. aureus-specific CD4+ T cells in an effector function-independent manner, single cell transcriptomic analysis was conducted. Remarkably, S. aureus-specific CD4+ T cells consisted not only of a broader spectrum of conventional T cells (Tcon) than previously described but also of regulatory T cells (Treg). As compared to polyclonally-activated CD4+ T cells, S. aureus-specific Tcon were enriched for the expression of the Th17-type cytokine genes IL17A, IL22 and IL26, while higher percentages of S. aureus-specific Treg expressed the T Cell Immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), a pleiotropic immune checkpoint. Notably, the antagonistic anti-TIGIT mAb Tiragolumab increased IL-1β production in response to S. aureus in vitro. Therefore, these results uncover the presence of S. aureus-specific TIGIT+ Treg in the blood of healthy subjects that could blunt responses to vaccination and indicate TIGIT as a potential targetable biomarker to overcome pre-exposure-induced immunosuppression.
Identification of genes involved in energy metabolism in preeclampsia and discovery of early biomarkers
Authors: Li Ruohua , Zhou Cuixia , Ye Kejun , Chen Haihui , Peng Mengjia
Published: February 2025

Background

Preeclampsia is a complex pregnancy condition marked by hypertension and organ dysfunction, posing significant risks to maternal and fetal health. This study investigates the role of energy metabolism-associated genes in preeclampsia development and identifies potential early diagnostic biomarkers.

Methods

Preeclampsia datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus were analyzed for batch correction, normalization, and differential expression. Enrichment analyses using gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and gene set enrichment were performed. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to identify key genes, and regulatory networks involving transcription factors, miRNAs, and RNA-binding proteins were established. Differential expression was validated with receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, and immune infiltration was assessed.

Results

Six energy metabolism-related genes were identified. Enrichment analyses revealed their involvement in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipid transport, bone remodeling, and glucagon secretion. Key differentially expressed genes included CRH(Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone), LEP(Leptin), PDK4(Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isozyme 4), SPP1(Secreted Phosphoprotein 1), and SST(Somatostatin). PDK4 exhibited moderate accuracy in receiver operating characteristic analysis. Immune infiltration analysis indicated significant differences between preeclampsia and control samples. qRT-PCR confirmed LEP and CRH increased, while SPP1 expression in preeclampsia samples.

Conclusion

Dysregulated energy metabolism-related genes may contribute to preeclampsia through metabolic and immune changes. Identifying these genes aids in understanding preeclampsia’s molecular basis and early diagnosis. Future studies should validate these markers in larger cohorts and explore targeted treatments.
Siglec-E augments adipose tissue inflammation by modulating TRAF3 signaling and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells during obesity
Authors: Rakib Ahmed , Mandal Mousumi , Al Mamun Md Abdullah , Kiran Sonia , Yasmen Nelufar , Li Lexiao , Collier Daniel M. , Jiang Jianxiong , Park Frank , Singh Udai P.
Published: February 2025

Background

Obesity is associated with dysregulated metabolism and low-grade chronic inflammation in adipose tissue (AT). Immune cells, including macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils, infiltrate the AT and secrete proinflammatory cytokines to exacerbate the AT inflammation. RNA-Seq analysis of AT immune cells isolated from mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) versus normal fat diet (ND) identified a panel of genes that were markedly downregulated, including sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin E (siglec-E), in HFD compared to ND mice.

Methods

A series of experiments in wild-type (WT) and siglec-E knockout (siglec-E KO) mice was designed to investigate the effect of HFD on the functional role of siglec-E in the regulation of AT inflammation and adipogenesis. We analyzed the changes in immune phenotypes, inflammatory response, adipogenesis, and levels of cytokines and chemokines after HFD and ND feeding.

Results

HFD consumption significantly increased the body weight and blood glucose levels in siglec-E KO mice relative to those of WT mice. This was associated with an increased infiltration of macrophages, CXCR3 expressing CD8 T cells, and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) with a concomitant decrease in numbers of dendritic cells (DCs), in the AT of siglec-E KO fed HFD versus the WT HFD counterparts. The HFD-fed siglec-E KO mice also exhibited elevated expression of intracellular Akt and TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) signaling, inducing C/EBPα, FASN, PPARγ, and resistin in suprascapular AT compared to WT HFD-fed mice. Taken together, these results suggest that a genetic deficiency of siglec-E plays a key role in inducing AT inflammation by differentially altering M-MDSCs and CD8+CXCR3+ T cell function and adipogenesis by TRAF3 and Akt signaling in AT.

Conclusion

Our findings strongly suggest that modulation of siglec-E pathways might have a protective effect at least in part against AT inflammation and metabolic disorders.
Cell fusion as a driver of metastasis: re-evaluating an old hypothesis in the age of cancer heterogeneity
Authors: López-Collazo Eduardo , Hurtado-Navarro Laura
Published: February 2025

Numerous studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways underlying cancer metastasis, as there is still no effective treatment for this terminal stage of the disease. However, the exact processes that enable primary cancer cells to acquire a metastatic phenotype remain unclear. Increasing attention has been focused on the fusion of cancer cells with myeloid cells, a phenomenon that may result in hybrid cells, so-called Tumour Hybrid Cells (THCs), with enhanced migratory, angiogenic, immune evasion, colonisation, and metastatic properties. This process has been shown to potentially drive tumour progression, drug resistance, and cancer recurrence. In this review, we explore the potential mechanisms that govern cancer cell fusion, the molecular mediators involved, the metastatic characteristics acquired by fusion-derived hybrids, and their clinical significance in human cancer. Additionally, we discuss emerging pharmacological strategies aimed at targeting fusogenic molecules as a means to prevent metastatic dissemination.
Discovery and in vitro characterization of a human anti-CD36 scFv
Authors: Mata-Cruz Cecilia , Guerrero-Rodríguez Sandra L. , Gómez-Castellano Keyla , Carballo-Uicab Gregorio , Almagro Juan Carlos , Pérez-Tapia S. Mayra , Velasco-Velázquez Marco A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

CD36 is a membrane receptor that participates in the cellular uptake of fatty acids and lipid metabolism. CD36 overexpression favors progression of different pathologies, such as atherosclerosis and cancer. Thus, CD36 targeting has medicinal relevance. Herein, we aimed to identify human anti-CD36 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) with therapeutic potential.

Methods

The semisynthetic ALTHEA Gold Plus Libraries™ were panned using recombinant human CD36. Clone selection was performed by ELISA. Analysis of scFv binding and blocking function was evaluated by flow cytometry in macrophage-like THP-1 cells and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. The phenotypic changes induced by CD36 ligands were assessed in vitro by: i) oil red staining, ii) tumorsphere assays, and iii) RT-qPCR.

Results

We identified an anti-CD36 scFv, called D11, that competes with a commercial anti-CD36 antibody with proven efficacy in disease models. D11 binds to CD36 expressed in the membrane of the cellular models employed and reduces the uptake of CD36 ligands. In macrophage-like THP-1 cells, D11 impaired the acquisition of foam cell phenotype induced by oxLDL, decreasing lipid droplet content and the expression of lipid metabolism genes. Treatment of HepG2 cells with D11 reduced lipid accumulation and the enhanced clonogenicity stimulated by palmitate.

Conclusion

We discovered a new fully human scFv that is an effective blocker of CD36. Since D11 reduces the acquisition of pathogenic features induced by CD36 ligands, it could support the generation of therapeutic proteins targeting CD36.