bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Acute Bronchiolitis Respiratory Failure in a Pediatric Ward: Is It a Replicable Experience?
Authors: Musolino Anna Maria , Persia Sabrina , Supino Maria Chiara , Stoppa Francesca , Rotondi Aufiero Lelia , Nacca Raffaella , Papini Laura , Pisani Mara , Cristaldi Sebastian , Vittucci Anna Chiara , Antilici Livia , Cecchetti Corrado , Raponi Massimiliano , Nadkarni Vinay , Villani Alberto
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (H-CPAP) has primarily been used in intensive care settings to treat moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis in infants. We aim to report on the feasibility of H-CPAP for selected infants with bronchiolitis in a pediatric ward. (2) Methods: A retrospective, observational, consecutive case series was studied of 26 patients who received H-CPAP on the pediatric ward from October 2022 to February 2023, including a description of patient outcomes and costs. (3) Results: Of 130 infants with bronchiolitis admitted to Bambino Gesù Hospital in Rome, 34 were hospitalized for moderate to severe bronchiolitis, and 26 began H-CPAP on the ward. Among the 26 pediatric patients who received H-CPAP on the ward, 4 out of 26 (15%) required transfer to the PICU within the first hours of care due to clinical deterioration. No problems with the H-CPAP interface or side effects attributable to H-CPAP were reported. Pharmacological sedation with a single dose of dexmedetomidine was required for 15/26 patients (57%) following failure of non-pharmacological anxiety reduction strategies. After introducing H-CPAP in our pediatric ward, we achieved total cost savings of approximately EUR 147,120. (4) Conclusions: Treatment with H-CPAP for infants with bronchiolitis may be feasible in non-intensive care settings with trained staff, appropriate monitoring, and rapid access to pediatric intensive care.
MPFL Reconstruction in Skeletally Immature Patients: Comparison Between Anatomic and Non-Anatomic Femoral Fixation—Systematic Review
Authors: Kalinterakis Georgios , Vlastos Iakovos , Gianzina Elina , Dimitriadis Savvas , Mastrantonakis Konstantinos , Chronopoulos Efstathios , Yiannakopoulos Christos K.
Published: October 2024

Background: MPFL reconstruction in children with open physis may be challenging, as a major concern during the surgery is to preserve the distal femoral physis. The purpose of this study was to compare the complication rate and the patient-reported outcomes in skeletally immature patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction using an anatomic (A) or non- anatomic (NA) surgical technique. Methods: For this systematic review, the authors adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was conducted from inception to 31 May 2024. Three databases were used: Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane library. We included skeletally immature patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction for chronic or recurrent patellar instability. The included studies should describe the surgical technique, report clinical outcomes and complications. Patients with closed physis, prior ipsilateral knee surgery, concomitant surgical procedures except for lateral retinacular release, multiligament knee injury, congenital or acute patellofemoral instability, hyperlaxity or less than 12 months follow up were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I, MINORS and MCMS scores. Results: Data from 304 procedures were collected, of which 208 were performed using an anatomic technique and 96 using a non-anatomic technique. Patient age at the time of surgery ranged from 8 to 17 years. The follow-up time ranged between 12 and 116.4 months. Postoperative Kujala (−0.73, p = 0.55) and Tegner (−0.70, p = 0.80) scores were better in the anatomic group compared to the non-anatomic one. Higher rates of recurrent instability (OR 0.91; 95%CI 0.44–1.86, p = 0.85), redislocation (OR 1.21; 95%CI 0.42–3.51, p = 0.8), subluxation (OR 0.73; 95%CI 0.29–1.83, p = 0.62), a positive apprehension test (OR 0.92; 95%CI 0.27–3.13, p = 0.89), stiffness (decreased ROM) (OR 1.63; 95%CI 0.33–1.72, p = 0.54) and reoperation (OR 1.16; 95%CI 0.35–3.80, p = 0.8) were reported in papers using the anatomic technique. Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review reveal that there is no significant difference between anatomic and non-anatomic MPFL reconstruction techniques in terms of patient-reported outcomes and complications. Thus, the choice of surgical technique might be left up to surgeon’s preference. Further high-quality, pediatric-oriented studies with long-term follow–up are needed to better guide clinical decision-making.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy with Nivolumab vs. Pembrolizumab in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Papaporfyriou Anastasia , Bartziokas Konstantinos , Apessos Ioulianos , Mueller Jan , Leivaditis Vasileios , Koletsis Efstratios , Grapatsas Konstantinos
Published: October 2024

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment option due to its favorable toxicity profile. However, selecting the most appropriate immunotherapeutic agent for neoadjuvant use—aimed at curative intent in early-stage NSCLC—based on efficacy and safety remains a critical question. This review aims to compare the efficacy and safety profiles of nivolumab and pembrolizumab when used as neoadjuvant treatments in NSCLC. A systematic review was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Google Scholar, utilizing the search terms “Nivolumab OR Pembrolizumab AND Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy AND non-small cell lung cancer.” Out of 1444 retrieved studies, 4 retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria by providing comparative data on nivolumab and pembrolizumab within the same study cohorts. Despite the critical risk of bias and the evidence quality ranging from moderate to very low across these studies, both nivolumab and pembrolizumab demonstrated efficacy rates exceeding 30% and maintained favorable safety profiles. There is no observed superiority between nivolumab and pembrolizumab in terms of efficacy and safety for the neoadjuvant treatment of early-stage NSCLC.
Detection, Isolation and Quantification of Myocardial Infarct with Four Different Histological Staining Techniques
Authors: Wu Xiaobo , Meier Linnea , Liu Tom X. , Toldo Stefano , Poelzing Steven , Gourdie Robert G.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The precise quantification of myocardial infarction is crucial for evaluating therapeutic strategies. We developed a robust, color-based semi-automatic algorithm capable of infarct region detection, isolation and quantification with four different histological staining techniques, and of the isolation and quantification of diffuse fibrosis in the heart. Methods: Our method is developed based on the color difference in the infarct and non-infarct regions after histological staining. Mouse cardiac tissues stained with Masson’s trichrome (MTS), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride and picrosirius red were included to demonstrate the performance of our method. Results: We demonstrate that our algorithm can effectively identify and produce a clear visualization of infarct tissue in the four staining techniques. Notably, the infarct region on an H&E-stained tissue section can be clearly visualized after processing. The MATLAB-based program we developed holds promise for infarct quantification. Additionally, our program can isolate and quantify diffuse fibrotic elements from an MTS-stained cardiac section, which suggests the algorithm’s potential for evaluating pathological cardiac fibrosis in diseased cardiac tissues. Conclusions: We demonstrate that this color-based algorithm is capable of accurately identifying, isolating and quantifying cardiac infarct regions with different staining techniques, as well as diffuse and patchy fibrosis in MTS-stained cardiac tissues.
The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Shear Wave Elastography in Pancreatic Diseases
Authors: Abboud Yazan , Gaddam Srinivas
Published: October 2024

Elastography is a non-invasive imaging modality that has been developed for the evaluation of the stiffness of various organs. It is categorized into two main types: strain elastography and shear wave elastography. While strain elastography offers valuable information on the mechanical properties of the organ being studied, it is limited by the qualitative nature of its measurements and its reliance on operator skills. On the other hand, shear wave elastography overcomes these limitations as it provides a quantitative assessment of tissue stiffness, offers more reproducibility, and is less operator-dependent. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided shear wave elastography (EUS-SWE) is an emerging technique that overcomes the limitations of transabdominal ultrasound in the evaluation of the pancreas. A growing body of literature has demonstrated its safety and feasibility in the evaluation of pancreatic parenchyma. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state of the literature on EUS-SWE, including its technical aspects, clinical applications in the evaluation of various pancreatic conditions, technological limitations, and future directions.
Investigation of Long-Term CD4+ T Cell Receptor Repertoire Changes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Different Severities of Disease
Authors: Callery Emma L. , Morais Camilo L. M. , Taylor Jemma V. , Challen Kirsty , Rowbottom Anthony W.
Published: October 2024

Background: The difference in the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coro-navirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with mild versus severe disease remains poorly understood. Recent scientific advances have recognised the vital role of both B cells and T cells; however, many questions remain unanswered, particularly for T cell responses. T cells are essential for helping the generation of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses but have also been recognised in their own right as a major factor influencing COVID-19 disease outcomes. The examination of T cell receptor (TCR) family differences over a 12-month period in patients with varying COVID-19 disease severity is crucial for understanding T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We applied a machine learning approach to analyse TCR vb family responses in COVID-19 patients (n = 151) across multiple timepoints and disease severities alongside SARS-CoV-2 infection-naïve (healthy control) individ-uals (n = 62). Results: Blood samples from hospital in-patients with moderate, severe, or critical disease could be classified with an accuracy of 94%. Furthermore, we identified significant variances in TCR vb family specificities between disease and control subgroups. Conclusions: Our findings suggest advantageous and disadvantageous TCR repertoire patterns in relation to disease severity. Following validation in larger cohorts, our methodology may be useful in detecting protective immunity and the assessment of long-term outcomes, particularly as we begin to unravel the immunological mechanisms leading to post-COVID complications.
In Vitro Research Methods Used to Evaluate Shaping Ability of Rotary Endodontic Files—A Literature Review
Authors: Elemam Ranya F. , Azul Ana Mano , Dias João , El Sahli Khaled , de Toledo Leonardo Renato
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: In this article, we present a literature review of methods used to measure the shaping ability of endodontic rotary files, including the selection of endodontic sample type (extracted teeth versus simulated blocks) and an imaging evaluation method. This review was conducted as background research to identify concerns that arise when designing research studies in this domain and propose how the field can plan more systematic studies going forward. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and e B-on databases, including studies published in English from January 2010 to June 2024. Only studies that specified in vitro or ex vivo methods for evaluating the endodontic performance of NiTi rotary files on canal transportation and centering ability were considered. Results: A total of 86 studies met the inclusion criteria from an initial pool of 651. Of these, 67 studies used extracted teeth, while 20 utilized simulated root canals in resin blocks. For evaluation methods, 55 studies employed Micro-Computed Tomography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (MCT + CBCT), 30 used Double Digital Images/Radiographs/Photographs (DDIR + DDIP) with software analysis, 1 used both DDIR and MCT, 1 used high-precision nano-CT, and 1 used a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the MCT method and its advanced variations appear superior in many cases for evaluating the quality of root canal instrumentation due to their ability to provide detailed three-dimensional images. We also discuss the pros and cons of other evaluation methods, including CBCT and DDIR. Finally, we identify important factors to consider for optimizing future cross-study comparisons. This work highlights the importance of being familiar with shaping ability assessment methods as new instruments are introduced to the market.
The Representative Points of Generalized Alpha Skew-t Distribution and Applications
Authors: Zhou Yong-Feng , Lin Yu-Xuan , Fang Kai-Tai , Yin Hong
Published: October 2024

Assuming the underlying statistical distribution of data is critical in information theory, as it impacts the accuracy and efficiency of communication and the definition of entropy. The real-world data are widely assumed to follow the normal distribution. To better comprehend the skewness of the data, many models more flexible than the normal distribution have been proposed, such as the generalized alpha skew-t (GAST) distribution. This paper studies some properties of the GAST distribution, including the calculation of the moments, and the relationship between the number of peaks and the GAST parameters with some proofs. For complex probability distributions, representative points (RPs) are useful due to the convenience of manipulation, computation and analysis. The relative entropy of two probability distributions could have been a good criterion for the purpose of generating RPs of a specific distribution but is not popularly used due to computational complexity. Hence, this paper only provides three ways to obtain RPs of the GAST distribution, Monte Carlo (MC), quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC), and mean square error (MSE). The three types of RPs are utilized in estimating moments and densities of the GAST distribution with known and unknown parameters. The MSE representative points perform the best among all case studies. For unknown parameter cases, a revised maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method of parameter estimation is compared with the plain MLE method. It indicates that the revised MLE method is suitable for the GAST distribution having a unimodal or unobvious bimodal pattern. This paper includes two real-data applications in which the GAST model appears adaptable to various types of data.
ShiftTransUNet: An Efficient Deep Learning Model for Medical Image Segmentation Using ShiftViT Framework
Authors: Zhao Ming , Yang Yimin , Zhang Yonghong , Peng Sheng-Lung
Published: October 2024

Deep learning has significantly advanced the field of medical image segmentation. However, the complexity of network structures often leads to high computational demands, limiting their practical efficiency. To enhance the efficiency of image segmentation, this paper introduces an innovative, concise, and lightweight deep learning network. First, to reduce model complexity, we replaced the attention mechanism in the traditional vision transformer (ViT) structure with a shift operation, creating the ShiftViT architecture. This substitution significantly decreased computation and the number of parameters while preserving model performance. Second, to retain and enhance fine-grained features and facilitate more precise information transfer across different layers, we employed a full-scale progressive skip connection strategy. This approach effectively integrates multi-scale feature information, further enhancing model performance. Additionally, to further reduce network complexity, inspired by the independence of probabilities, we opted for depth-wise separable convolution over traditional convolution. This enhances the relative independence between layers. Together, these modifications achieved superior segmentation results on both the Synapse and Automated Cardiac Diagnostic Challenge (ACDC) datasets compared to mainstream models, with substantial advantages in terms of computational efficiency and parameter count. The proposed approach represents an effective solution for medical image applications with limited computational resources and holds great promise for clinical practice.
A Novel Approach for Solving the N-Queen Problem Using a Non-Sequential Conflict Resolution Algorithm
Authors: Moghimi Omid , Amini Amin
Published: October 2024

The N-Queens problem is a fundamental challenge in combinatorial optimization, commonly used as a benchmark for assessing the efficiency of algorithms. Traditional algorithms, such as Backtracking with Forward Checking (BFC), constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) techniques, Lookahead algorithms, and heuristic-based methods, often face challenges with exponential time complexity, making them less practical for large-scale instances. This paper introduces a novel algorithm, non-sequential conflict resolution (NSCR), which improves performance over traditional algorithms through dynamic conflict resolution. The NSCR algorithm iteratively resolves conflicts among queens by adjusting their positions, aiming to optimize both time complexity and memory usage. While NSCR also operates within exponential time bounds, it demonstrates improved scalability and efficiency compared to traditional methods. A significant strength of the NSCR algorithm lies in its space complexity, which is O(n), and a time complexity that, while typically lower than traditional methods, can reach O(n3) in the worst-case scenario. This linear space complexity is highly advantageous, particularly when dealing with large problem sizes, as it ensures efficient use of memory resources. Comparative analysis with the aforementioned algorithms shows that NSCR offers superior resource management, using up to 60% less memory and reducing runtime by approximately 50%, making it an efficient option for large-scale instances of the N-Queens problem. The algorithm’s performance, evaluated on problem sizes ranging from 8 to 1000 queens, highlights its ability to manage computational resources effectively, despite the inherent challenges of exponential time complexity.
The Joint Use of a Phase Heat Accumulator and a Compressor Heat Pump
Authors: Lipnicki Zygmunt , Gortych Marta , Polak Daniel
Published: October 2024

This article presents an example of the joint use of a compressor heat pump that uses propane as a natural, ecological thermodynamic medium and a phase heat accumulator that uses paraffin as a medium. Special attention has been paid to the solidification process of the phase change material, and a simple theoretical model of the solidification of this material has been proposed. Thermodynamic balance calculations were carried out for the compressor heat pump and the phase heat accumulator. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of two examples of heating using a compressor heat pump, implementing the Linde cycle for the refrigerant R290 (propane): high-temperature heating at a temperature of 80 °C and low-temperature (surface) heating at a temperature of 60 °C, with the same unit heat output of 0.376 kW taken from the lower-temperature heat source of each evaporator. This heat is generated by the solidification of the PCM. The compressor power is 77 W in the first case and 40 W in the second. The energy efficiency coefficients of the compressor heat pump for the proposed combination of a phase heat accumulator and compressor heat pump are 5.98 and 10.40. The joint use of a heat accumulator and a heat pump presented in this paper can be used in applications for the heating of domestic water or water for space heating.
Novel Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Based on Performance Indicators for Urban Energy System Planning
Authors: Nimako Benjamin Kwaku , Carpitella Silvia , Menapace Andrea
Published: October 2024

Urban energy systems planning presents significant challenges, requiring the integration of multiple objectives such as economic feasibility, technical reliability, and environmental sustainability. Although previous studies have focused on optimizing renewable energy systems, many lack comprehensive decision frameworks that address the complex trade-offs between these objectives in urban settings. Addressing these challenges, this study introduces a novel Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework tailored for the evaluation and prioritization of energy scenarios in urban contexts, with a specific application to the city of Bozen-Bolzano. The proposed framework integrates various performance indicators to provide a comprehensive assessment tool, enabling urban planners to make informed decisions that balance different strategic priorities. At the core of this framework is the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), which is employed to systematically rank energy scenarios based on their proximity to an ideal solution. This method allows for a clear, quantifiable comparison of diverse energy strategies, facilitating the identification of scenarios that best align with the city’s overall objectives. The flexibility of the MCDA framework, particularly through the adjustable criteria weights in TOPSIS, allows it to accommodate the shifting priorities of urban planners, whether they emphasize economic, environmental, or technical outcomes. The study’s findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach to energy planning, where trade-offs are inevitable but can be managed effectively through a structured decision-making process. Finally, the study addresses key gaps in the literature by providing a flexible and adaptable tool that can be replicated in different urban contexts to support the transition toward 100% renewable energy systems.
Heating Industrial Buildings with Heat Pump Air Systems: Is It Always the Most Advantageous Option?
Authors: Noro Marco
Published: October 2024

According to extant Italian legislation implementing the Renewable Energy Directive, the mandatory renewable quota for a new building is 60% referring to a single service (e.g., heating during winter) or to multiple services (e.g., heating during winter and air conditioning during summer), depending on which services are actually present. The obligation to satisfy this minimum value often leads heating and ventilation plant designers to provide heat pump systems in industrial buildings, typically air/water or direct expansion type coupled with air terminals (air heaters or ventilation units) or radiant floors. The question is: Is this always the most advantageous option for industrial buildings? A typical industrial building was modeled by Trnsys® in two different climates. Based on the calculated thermal heating loads, the condensing radiant tubes and heat pump coupled with the air heaters systems were analyzed through dynamic simulation, evaluating their performance from an energy, environmental impact, and economic point of view. The analysis carried out revealed that a heat pump system is not always the most advantageous solution depending on the climate, the characteristics of the building (less or more thermal insulation, which corresponds to existing buildings rather than new ones), and the size of the photovoltaics system eventually installed on the roof.
Phase Field Modeling of Hydraulic Fracturing with Length-Scale Insensitive Degradation Functions
Authors: Yang Lusheng , Ma Yujing , Yang Gengyin , Liu Zhenghe , Kang Kai , Zhang Mengxi , Wang Zhiyong
Published: October 2024

A length-scale insensitive degradation function is applied to extend the cracks during hydraulic fracturing under stress boundary conditions in this study. The phase field method is an effective modeling technique that has great potential for use in hydraulic fracturing. Nonetheless, current hydraulic fracturing research is still concentrated on small scales. The phase field model employs a degradation function that is insensitive to length scale, allowing for the decoupling of the phase field length scale from the physical length scale. This facilitates the simulation of hydraulic fracturing crack extensions in larger structures with a consistent mesh density. The correctness of the phase field method is verified firstly by comparing with the experimental results, and the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are further verified through a series of numerical calculations.
Research Developments and Applications of Ice Slurry
Authors: Song Haiqin , Verdin Patrick G. , Zhang Jinfeng
Published: October 2024

Ice slurry is a phase-changing material composed of liquid water, ice crystals, and a freezing point depressant. It is finer and more uniform compared to ice cubes or flake ices and is used in many industries, such as food preservation, comfortable cooling, medical protective cooling, sport cooling, instrument cooling, firefighting, and artificial snowmaking, due to its high energy storage density. Ice slurry with high concentration can be used for cleaning equipment as its friction is several times greater than that of water at the same flow rate. This paper describes in detail the developments of ice slurry, including production methods, concentration measurement approaches, flow and heat transfer characteristics, as well as its applications in various industries. Problems to be solved or improved are also discussed, providing suggestions for better developments and applications in industrial environments.
On-Grid Hybrid Wind–Solar Power Plants in Ukraine’s Residential Sector: Economic Justification of Installation Under Different Support Schemes
Authors: Kurbatova Tetiana , Sotnyk Iryna , Perederii Tetiana , Prokopenko Olha , Wit Bogdan , Pysmenna Uliana , Kubatko Oleksandra
Published: October 2024

On-grid hybrid wind–solar systems are one of the best sustainable solutions for developing distributed generation, as they can provide a stable and reliable electricity supply, effectively using the potential of the two most common renewable energy resources. In Ukraine, promoting the development of on-grid hybrid wind–solar power plants takes on particular importance under conditions of electricity shortages caused by the large-scale destruction of the energy infrastructure due to the ongoing hostilities. This article examines the economic efficiency of installing such power plants in the residential sector of Ukraine under different state support schemes. This study was conducted for on-grid hybrid wind–solar systems of various configurations and installed capacities with different equity and debt capital proportions involved in implementing investment projects. This study’s results highlight the economic efficiency of the feed-in tariff compared to the net billing for households investing in such facilities and emphasize the need to improve policy measures to increase their investment attractiveness.
Modeling and Numerical Investigations of Flowing N-Decane Partial Catalytic Steam Reforming at Supercritical Pressure
Authors: Chen Fuqiang , He Junbo , Feng Yu , Wang Zhenhua
Published: October 2024

Steam reforming is an effective method for improving heat sinks of hypersonic aircraft at high flight Mach numbers. However, unlike the industrial process of producing hydrogen with a high water content, the catalytic steam reforming mechanism for the regeneration cooling process of hydrocarbon fuels with a water content below 30% is still unclear. Catalytic steam reforming (CSR) and catalytic thermal cracking (CTC) reactions occur at low temperatures, with the main products being hydrogen and carbon oxides. Thermal cracking (TC) reactions occur at high temperatures, with the main products being alkanes and alkenes. The above reaction exists simultaneously in the regeneration cooling channel, which is referred to as partial catalytic steam reforming (PCSR). Based on the experimental measurement results, an improved neural network correction method was used to establish a four-step global reaction model for the PCSR of n-decane under low water conditions. The reliability of the four-step model was verified by combining the model with a numerical simulation program and comparing it with the experimental results obtained by electric heating hydrocarbon fuels with a pressure of 3 MPa and a water content of 5/10/15%. The experimental and predicted results using the developed kinetic model are consistent with an error of less than 5% in the decane conversion rate. The average absolute error between the fuel outlet temperature and total heat sink is less than 10%. Using the PCSR model to predict the heat transfer characteristics of mixed fuels with different water contents, the convective heat transfer coefficient is basically the same, and the Nu number is affected by the thermal conductivity coefficient, showing different patterns with changes in the water content.
The Coefficient of Reactivity and Activation Energy as the Criteria of Assessment of the Influence of Sustainable Aviation Fuels on Combustion Process in a Rapid Compression Combustion Machine and a Turbine Engine
Authors: Kulczycki Andrzej , Białecki Tomasz , Łęgowik Anna , Merkisz Jerzy , Pielecha Ireneusz
Published: October 2024

Aviation in Europe is required to use fuels containing up to 2 wt. % of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs). A better understanding of the impact of SAFs on the combustion process will be helpful in solving problems that may arise from the widespread use of these kinds of fuels. It was assumed that the reactivity coefficient αi and the activation energy could be a criteria for assessing the impact of SAFs on the combustion process. Based on DGEN engine tests, the following activation energy values of CO2 and CO formation reactions were obtained—Jet A-1: EaCO2/R=3480 and EaCO/R=982; A30: EaCO2/R=3705 and EaCO/R=2903; and H30: EaCO2/R=3637 and EaCO/R=2843. These results indicate differences in the structure of combustion reaction chains involved by the SAF addition to Jet A-1 fuel. The same conclusion has been formulated on the basis of the reactivity coefficient αi. The values of maximum cylinder pressure (Pmax) obtained during indicator RCCM (rapid compression combustion machine) tests correlated with both the activation energy and coefficients of reactivity. This suggests that the influence of SAF addition to Jet A-1 fuel on the structure of chemical reactions chain during RCCM tests is similar to the influence during DGEN 380 tests. The assumption stated above was confirmed. This indicates the possibility of the preliminary forecasting of CO2 and CO emissions from the DGEN 380 engine based on the test at the RCCM stand.
Effect of Isotropic and Anisotropic Permeability on Gas Production Behavior of Site NGHP-01-10D in Krishna-Godavari Basin
Authors: Gandhi Monika , Khan Shadman Hasan , Arora Amit , Balomajumder Chandrajit , Gambelli Alberto Maria
Published: October 2024

This study reports an investigation into both isotropic and anisotropic permeability effects on gas production behavior during depressurization-induced natural gas hydrate dissociation at site NGHP-01-10D in the Krishna-Godavari basin. Numerical simulations were performed on a reservoir-scale model incorporating a single vertical well, examining different scenarios of permeability ratios (rrz). The investigation assessed gas and water production rates, cumulative production volumes, the gas-to-water ratio, and the spatial distribution of reservoir parameters throughout a production duration of 3 years. The findings indicate that permeability anisotropy has a substantial impact on hydrate dissociation and gas recovery. For rrz > 1, horizontal pressure propagation was promoted and gas production increased. For example, at t = 1100 days, the total gas production improved from 7.88 × 105 ST m3 for rrz = 1 to 55.9 × 105 ST m3 for rrz = 10. For rrz < 1, vertical pressure propagation resulted in higher water production with concomitantly lower rates of gas production rates. Spatial distribution analysis revealed that higher rrz values led to more extensive radial propagation of pressure drop, temperature decrease, gas saturation increase, and hydrate dissociation. The study concludes that higher horizontal permeability enhances depressurization effects, resulting in higher gas production rates and more favorable gas-to-water ratios.
A Review on Machine Learning-Aided Hydrothermal Liquefaction Based on Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Qian Lili , Zhang Xu , Ma Xianguang , Xue Peng , Tang Xingying , Li Xiang , Wang Shuang
Published: October 2024

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an effective biomass thermochemical conversion technology that can convert organic waste into energy products. However, the HTL process is influenced by various complex factors such as operating conditions, feedstock properties, and reaction pathways. Machine learning (ML) methods can utilize existing HTL data to develop accurate models for predicting product yields and properties, which can be used to optimize HTL operation conditions. This paper presents a bibliometric review on ML applications in HTL from 2020 to 2024. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibexcel were used to analyze seven key bibliometric attributes: annual publication output, author co-authorship networks, country co-authorship networks, co-citation of references, co-citation of journals, collaborating institutions, and keyword co-occurrence networks, as well as time zone maps and timelines, to identify the development of ML in HTL research. Through the detailed analysis of co-occurring keywords, this study aims to identify frontiers, research gaps, and development trends in the field of ML-aided HTL.
Anaerobic Fermentation and High-Value Bioproducts: A Brief Overview of Recent Progress and Current Challenges
Authors: Litti Yuriy , Zhuravleva Elena , Kovalev Andrey
Published: October 2024

The global community is in a perpetual search for alternative energy sources that can effectively supplant fossil fuels and contribute to environmental stewardship [...]
Nutrient Consumption Patterns of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Their Application in Fruit Wine Fermentation
Authors: Wang Mengrui , Gu Chunhe , Chang Ziqing , Chen Junxia , Zhou Junping , Yue Mingzhe , Liu Fei , Feng Zhen
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional requirements of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to improve low ethanol production in some fruit wines. The growth kinetics, ethanol production and nutrient requirements of S. cerevisiae were analyzed in chemically defined media. The results revealed that Ca2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Mo2+, Cu2+ and BO33− were predominantly utilized during the late lag phase, whereas free amino acids, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, Na+ and Mg2+ were mainly consumed during the logarithmic phase. Compared with the control medium, supplementation with threonine, inositol, calcium pantothenate, thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin, biotin, MgSO4 or KH2PO4 significantly increased the ethanol content by 1.10-fold (p < 0.05). Furthermore, adding key nutrients to noni-, guava- and mango juice significantly shortened the fermentation time and increased the final alcohol content of the fruit wines (p < 0.05). This study provides scientific insights and effective methods for shortening fermentation time and increasing alcohol content with S. cerevisiae in some fruit wines.
Cent-Hydro: A Novel Temperature and Pressure-Controlled Hybrid System for Large-Scale Nanofiber Production
Authors: Farhaj Samia , Ahmad Noman , Smith Alan M. , Conway Barbara R. , Ghori Muhammad Usman
Published: October 2024

The present study aimed to develop a novel temperature and pressure-controlled hybrid system (Cent-Hydro) for large-scale nanofiber production. Nanofibers from a hydrophilic carrier matrix were prepared using the Cent-Hydro system. This study explores the effect of increasing working temperature on the surface tension and viscosity of polymer solutions. The Cent-Hydro system was calibrated through the process of jet formation, and spinning parameters were identified for the jet path. The formation of fingers in front of the thin liquid occurred due to Rayleigh–Taylor instability, and a lower concentration of polymer solution favoured the development of thinner and longer fingers. The critical angular velocity and initial velocity for jet formation were obtained when the balance between surface tension, centrifugal force, and viscous force was achieved. The effect of increasing rotational speed and working temperature on finger velocity and length was experimentally evaluated, concluding that an increase in working temperature increases finger velocity and length. Additionally, the effect of increasing rotational speed, polymer concentration, and working temperature on the diameter of the nanofiber was evaluated. Overall, the Cent-Hydro system presents a compelling proposition for large-scale nanofiber production, offering distinct advantages over conventional methods and paving the way for advancements in various applications.
Preliminary Physical and Chemical Characterization of By-Products from Cuban Coffee Production
Authors: Mesa Dayana , Figueroa Juan P. , Leyes Eduardo A. , Castillo Carlos R. , Collazo Amanda , Núñez Harold A. , Viltres Dayamí , Mirabal Yaneris , Coll Yamilet
Published: October 2024

Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. Its production generates a large amount of waste, and its use is of vital importance to prevent it from becoming a source of environmental pollution. Cuba is a country with a well-known coffee-growing tradition. Although coffee production has decreased, it is vitally important to use the waste generated in these productions to reduce environmental pollution. To know the possible use or application of coffee waste, it is necessary to know its composition. In this article, three Cuban Arabica coffee wastes (husk, parchment and spent coffee grounds) were characterized using chemical, physical and physicochemical methods. In the characterization of these wastes, SEM and EDX were used to determine their microscopic form and chemical composition. The Chesson–Datta method, ATR and TGA were used to determine whether these materials were lignocellulosic. Ash, pH and density of the waste were determined as characterization methods. The extractive content was determined and a phytochemical screening was performed to determine the groups of the secondary metabolites present.
Exploration of Changes in Coal Pore Characteristics and Gas Adsorption Characteristics Based on Influence of Stress
Authors: Qin Le-Jing , Zhu Hong-Qing , Sun Jian-Fei , Ren Shao-Kui
Published: October 2024

As the mining depth increases, the effect of stress on the gas adsorption of coal gradually becomes significant. There are significant differences in the pore volume, specific surface area, and adsorption characteristics of coal before and after stress. In this study, the porosity variation characteristics of coal were studied using axial and confining pressure loading processes, and volumetric stress was introduced to characterize the pore variation law of coal under triaxial stress. By calculating the stress values at different burial depths, gas isothermal adsorption experiments were conducted on coal under different stress effects. The Langmuir equation, D-A equation, and Freundlich empirical formula were used to fit the adsorption experimental results. Combining experiments and models to predict the adsorbed and free gas content under stress, we described the gas adsorption law of coal under different stress effects.
Development of Potential Slip Surface Identification Model for Active Deep-Seated Landslide Sites: A Case Study in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Shih-Meng , Hsiung Chun-Chia , Chiu Yu-Jia , Liao Yi-Fan , Lin Jie-Ru
Published: October 2024

Identifying locations of landslide slip surfaces provides critical information for understanding the volume of landslides and the scale of disasters, both of which are essential for formulating disaster preparedness and mitigation strategies. Based on hydrogeological survey data from 24 deep-seated landslide-prone sites in Taiwan’s mountainous regions, this study developed the hydraulic conductivity potential index (HCPI) using principal component analysis to quantify the hydraulic properties of disturbed rock formations with six geological factors. Then, regression analysis was performed to construct a permeability estimation model for the geological environment of landslides. Finally, the established model was utilized to develop an identification method for potential slip depths in landslide-prone sites. Results indicated a strong relation between HCPI and hydraulic conductivity with a determination coefficient of 0.895. The relation equation confirmed that the data it generated concerning the depths of significant changes in hydraulic conductivity could be used to identify potential slip surfaces. Additionally, this study successfully established a rule for identifying potential slip zones by summarizing data concerning the generated hydraulic conductivity profiles, stratigraphic lithology, existing inclinometer slip depth records, and groundwater level of landslide sites. This identification method was then applied to predict potential slip depths for ten landslide sites where slip surfaces have not yet occurred. These findings offer a new alternative to having early information on potential sliding depths for timely disaster management and control implementation.
Landslide Hazard and Rainfall Threshold Assessment: Incorporating Shallow and Deep-Seated Failure Mechanisms with Physics-Based Models
Authors: Marin Roberto J. , Marín-Sánchez Julián Camilo , Mira Johan Estiben , García Edwin F. , Zhao Binru , Zambrano Jeannette
Published: October 2024

Landslides pose a significant threat worldwide, leading to numerous fatalities and severe economic losses. The city of Manizales, located in the Colombian Andes, is particularly vulnerable due to its steep topography and permeable volcanic ash-derived soils. This study aims to assess landslide hazards in Manizales by integrating shallow planar and deep-seated circular failure mechanisms using physics-based models (TRIGRS and Scoops3D). By combining hazard zonation maps with rainfall thresholds calibrated through historical data, we provide a refined approach for early warning systems (EWS) in the region. Our results underscore the significance of the landslide hazard maps, which combine shallow planar and deep-seated circular failure scenarios. By categorizing urban areas into high, medium, and low-risk zones, we offer a practical framework for urban planning. Moreover, we developed physics-based rainfall thresholds for early landslide warning, simplifying their application while aiming to enhance regional predictive accuracy. This comprehensive approach equips local authorities with essential tools to mitigate landslide risks, refine hazard zoning, and strengthen early warning systems, promoting safer urban development in the Andean region and beyond, as the physics-based methods used are well-established and implemented globally.
Exploring Soil–Water Characteristic Curves in Transitional Oil Sands Tailings
Authors: Kaheshi Peter , Wilson G. Ward , Kaminsky Heather
Published: October 2024

Soil–water characteristics curves (SWCC) have proved useful in estimating parameters used in modeling unsaturated geotechnical properties of soils including permeability and strength. Either saturation, gravimetric, and instantaneous and initial volumetric water content designation can be used to develop SWCCs. Studies have shown that any of the designations will give good estimates for soils that do not undergo volume change with suction change whereas, for soils that undergo substantial volume change, only saturation and instantaneous volumetric water content designation obtained by incorporating shrinkage curves can give correct estimates. Transition oil sands tailings have fines content that cannot be categorized as sandy or fine materials, and research on volume change with suction change in these materials is limited. In this study, HyProps, Tempe cells, and a chilled-mirror water potential meter were used to measure suction and corresponding water contents for samples that were prepared by mixing coarse sand and Fluid Tailing by ratios that mimic transition zone tailings. Shrinkage tests were also performed to observe the extent of volume change with suction increase. Air Entry Values (AEV) estimated from SWCCs based on gravimetric water content were found to be lower than those estimated from saturation-based SWCCs due to substantial volume changes in these materials with suction increase. The use of saturation water content designation is recommended in estimating AEV for transitional oil sands tailings. This is useful information in predicting the long term unsaturated geotechnical behavior of these materials for environmental management and safety purposes.
Utilization of Rehabilitation Services and Rehabilitation-Related Patient Satisfaction Following Total Knee Arthroplasty—Results of the Prospective FInGK Study
Authors: Oltmanns Julius , Jacobs Hannes , Maus Uwe , Ettinger Max , Hoffmann Falk , Seeber Gesine H.
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: This study aims to examine rehabilitation service utilization among total knee arthroplasty (TKA) subjects and the influencing factors associated with rehabilitation-related satisfaction. (2) Methods: The FInGK study was a single-center prospective cohort study. Patients (≥18 years) undergoing primary or revision TKA in a German university hospital were consecutively recruited between December 2019–May 2021. The subjects filled in a questionnaire one day before surgery (t0) and at two (t1) and 12 (t2) months postoperatively. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine the variables associated with the subjects’ rehabilitation-related satisfaction. (3) Results: A total of 236 out of 241 (97.9%) subjects participated in t1 (59.3% female; mean age: 68.2 years). Overall, 94.7% underwent post-TKA rehabilitation measures, with inpatient rehabilitation being the predominant choice (85.4%). In total, 77.6% of those with rehabilitation were satisfied or very satisfied with their rehabilitation in general. Multivariable logistic regression showed that female sex (OR 3.42; CI 1.73–6.75) and satisfaction with the surgery in general after two months (OR 4.50; CI 1.96–10.33) were associated with the subjects’ rehabilitation-related satisfaction. (4) Conclusions: We found a high utilization of rehabilitation services following TKA and a high rehabilitation-related satisfaction. In international comparison, the utilization of inpatient rehabilitation services was very high. Future research should investigate the effective components for rehabilitation-related satisfaction in both in- and outpatient TKA rehabilitation.