bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Nanoemulsion Technique, One of the Most Promising Strategies for Enhancing Drug Permeation through Transdermal Route
Authors: Rehan Malik Muhammad , Nawaz Asif , Noor Wajiha
Published: May 2024

Nanoemulsions are colloidal particulate systems that have gained significant attention in pharmaceutical research due to their potential in enhancing drug permeation through transdermal routes. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of nanoemulsions, including their definition, advantages over other dosage forms, components, methods of preparation, and applications, with a focus on multiple nanoemulsions. The advantages of nanoemulsions include increased absorption rate, reduced absorption variability, improved drug bioavailability, and efficient delivery of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Various components such as oil phase, surfactants, co-surfactants, aqueous phase, and co-solvents are discussed in detail, along with their roles in nanoemulsion formulation. Methods of nanoemulsion preparation, including high-pressure homogenization, ultrasonic emulsification, high-shear stirring, microfluidization, and membrane emulsification, are elaborated upon, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Additionally, applications of nanoemulsions in medicine, catalysis, and theranostics are explored, emphasizing the potential of multiple nanoemulsions in drug delivery systems. Overall, nanoemulsions offer a promising approach for improving drug delivery efficiency and enhancing therapeutic outcomes.
Upconversion Luminescent Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications in Imaging
Authors: Chávez-García Dalia , Guzman Mario
Published: May 2024

Nanomaterials offer promising solutions for chemotherapy challenges, addressing issues like cytotoxicity and biocompatibility. In cancer clinical protocols, biomedical imaging is vital, providing insights into tumor morphology. Luminescent nanomaterials or nanoparticles (LNPs), particularly effective for diseases like cancer, possess controllable properties like size (usually <100 nm), surface charge, and external functionalization. LNPs interact with biological systems at systemic and cellular levels. Cellular uptake is crucial, allowing selective targeting of cancer cells through overexpressed surface receptors such as transferrin receptor (TfR), G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), folate receptor (FR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), lectins, and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). LNPs can accumulate in subcellular compartments, playing a pivotal role in drug delivery. Studies explore LNPs’ internalization into cells, investigating their potential to deliver cargoes like DNA, siRNA, miRNA, and small-molecule drugs. This review highlights the latest advancements in LNPs and their biomedical applications. Despite these promising developments, comprehensive nanotoxicological assessments are crucial for a better understanding of LNPs’ behavior in biological systems, paving the way for future clinical applications.
Current Drugs Strategies for Treatment of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Gamal Al-kaf Ali , Abdullah Al-yahawi Ali
Published: May 2024

Nervous system problems affect around 600 million people worldwide. Among these, neurodegenerative illnesses are often distinguished by a late adult start, a progressive clinical course, and a localized loss of neurons in the central nervous system. These include, among others, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease), Huntington’s disease, Prion diseases, encephalitis, epilepsy, genetic brain disorders, hydrocephalus, stroke, and Alzheimer’s and other less common dementias. The brain stem, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, and intracranial white matter are among the areas that neurodegeneration typically affects. Mendelian inheritance is well-established, despite the fact that most neurodegenerative illnesses are sporadic. The neuropathological findings and clinical symptoms in hereditary neurodegenerative disorders are intriguing. Regretfully, there are few neurodegenerative diseases for which no effective treatments are available. The rare hereditary types of neurodegenerative diseases, such as ataxias, multiple system atrophy, spastic paraplegias, Parkinson’s disease, dementias, motor neuron diseases, and uncommon metabolic disorders, are highlighted in this chapter along with their clinical and genetic characteristics.
Reconstruction of scalp and forehead defects
Authors: Krishna Deepak , Dubepuria Rahul , M. Khan Manal , Agrawal Amit
Published: May 2024

The scalp and forehead are a specialized area of skin that protects the skull, and they differ based on color, long hair, and esthetic appearance. The skull bone is a subcutaneous bone that gets exposed after trauma, electric burn, infection, and following scalp tumor excision. Long-term exposure to the skull may lead to life-threatening complications, such as brain abscess or meningitis. Options of coverage of scalp defects based on its location, depth, size, need for radiation, surrounding skin condition, and esthetic appearance. Partial or complete removal of skull bone may be required, depending on the bone’s condition and the disease’s nature. Options for cranioplasty rely on the size, location of the skull defect, and need for radiation. Most scalp defects can be managed with local scalp flaps with or without skin grafting at the donor site. Local flaps provide esthetic results because of their architectural similarity to the recipient site.
Synopsis of Industry 5.0 Paradigm for Human-Robot Collaboration
Authors: Yitmen Ibrahim , Almusaed Amjad
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the synopsis of the Industry 5.0 paradigm, focusing on Human-robot collaboration, encompassing critical elements from following the progression of evolution from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 to the implementation of cutting-edge technologies and human-centric approaches within this framework. Industry 5.0 paradigm shift builds upon the foundation laid by Industry 4.0, with a renewed focus on integrating human intelligence and creativity with the capabilities of robots. The Operator of Industry 5.0 embodies the idea of skilled human operators working alongside automated systems to optimize performance and efficiency. Industry 5.0 technologies encompass collaborative robots (cobots) and advancements in robot learning, enabling safe and efficient collaboration between humans and machines and facilitating dynamic partnerships in shared workspaces. Human-centric approaches within Industry 5.0 technologies ensure that technological advancements align with human needs and preferences, fostering a work environment where humans and robots collaborate harmoniously. The concept of the Human Digital Twin offers a compelling instrument for identifying and optimizing human behavior within the context of Industry 5.0, enabling organizations to tailor processes and workflows to individual capabilities and preferences.
Effect of Process Parameter Variations on Triangular Microcavity Fabrication Using Micro-EDM
Authors: Pratap Suresh , Datta Somak
Published: May 2024

This research study examines the effects of process parameters on fabricated triangular micro holes using micro-EDM (Micro Electrical Discharge Machining). The micro-EDM process utilized a 400 μm tungsten carbide electrode shaped as an equilateral triangle. The machining parameter assessment involved measuring errors in the corner radius and the included angle of the microcavity. The corner radius of the triangular microcavity ranged from 5 to 15 μm. Simultaneously, the included angle varied between 61 and 64°. These variations were attributed to adjustments in capacitance, voltage, and feed settings, which spanned from 1 nF, 90 V, and 5 μm to 100 nF, 130 V, and 15 μm, respectively. Statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed that voltage and capacitance significantly impacted the alterations in corner radii and included the angle of the manufactured triangular microcavities. FESEM is used to analyze the recast layer formation on the edges of the microcavity. It will help to decrease the error in fabricating triangular cavities using micro EDM.
Collaboration in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (Stem) Education and Technical, Vocational Education and Training (TVET) for Graduates’ Competence in Nigeria
Authors: Okon Edet , B. Onabe Maria , A. Iyam Mary , Dijeh Ann , Nneoyi-Egbe Francesca , Bepeh Undie Stephen , E. Okon Ita , L. Okute Agnes , E. Usip Mfon , A. Ewuru Agnes
Published: May 2024

The demands for skills, especially modern work-related, entrepreneurial and self-reliant skills are necessary in this present twenty-first century. It is clear that a single discipline may not impart comprehensive and required skills, and provide the competencies needed by graduates to remain relevant. There can be no better collaboration than STEM Education and Technical Vocational Education and Training, considering the level at which their contents, mode of delivery and job descriptions relate. The author’s opinion is that Nigeria’s chronic rate of unemployment among youths can be addressed through right-skilling and up-skilling. Collaboration of these two broad disciplines should urgently be experimented for skill development to reposition youths to fit into the demands of the present era.
Integrating Social Media in CRM: Engaging Customers on Digital Platforms
Authors: Riaz Pitafi Zohaib , Mumtaz Awan Tahir
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the integration of social media into Customer Relationship Management (CRM), highlighting its significance in modern business practices. It covers the rise of social media in business, focusing on key platforms and their impact on CRM. The chapter discusses strategies for integrating social media into CRM, emphasizing the importance of aligning these with business objectives. It examines tools and technologies for effective integration, engagement techniques, personalization strategies, and the role of social media in customer support. Additionally, it addresses ethical and legal considerations and forecasts future trends in social media and CRM integration.
Traditional Fermented Beverages in México
Authors: Rosa Aguilar-Uscanga Blanca , González-Quezada Esperanza , Raymundo Solis-Pacheco Josue
Published: May 2024

In Mexico, there is a wide variety of fermented drinks that represent the social and cultural traditions of the country, such as pozol, tejiuno, tepache, and pulque, which are associated with the climate, natural microbiota, and the local production of raw materials for the obtaining fermented drinks. Fermentation processes for the production of ancestral drinks are an ancient technology used by ethnic groups, since pre- and post-Hispanic times, to satisfy their nutritional and medicinal needs. These fermented drinks represent the characteristic flavor, texture, and aroma that each cultural society has imposed on its traditional products in Mexico. Since ancient times, these fermented drinks have been attributed a health impact, due to their beneficial effects in the prevention of certain gastrointestinal diseases, and for this reason, today, the production of pozol, tejuino, tepache, and pulque, on an industrial scale, represents an important challenge for the industry.
Effect of Sensory-Motor Integration Trainings on Executive Functions and Social Interactions of Children with High Functioning Autism Disorder
Authors: Hashemi Ayoub , Zamani Mohammad Hossein , Saadatian Abouzar
Published: May 2024

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that appears in the early years of childhood. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the impact of sensory-motor trainings on the executive functions and social interactions of children with high-functioning autism. Methods: The current research was of semi-experimental type and pre-test-posttest research design with control and experimental groups. The sample consisted of N = 50 boys aged 7 to 12 years with high-functioning autism in Shiraz. A selective sampling approach was used to randomly allocate 50 high-functioning autistic students into experimental and control groups. Initially, a pretest was administered using the Coolidge Personality and Neuropsychological Inventory for Children and the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale. Subsequently, the experimental group engaged in 24 sessions of sensory-motor integration trainings three times a week over 8 weeks, while the control group continued with their regular daily activities. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis. Results: The findings indicated that therapeutic intervention through sensory-motor integration trainings led to significant enhancements in the executive functions and social interactions of children in the experimental group (P ≤ 0.05). Conversely, no improvements were observed in the control group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that sensory-motor trainings programs can effectively enhance the executive functions and social interactions of children with high-functioning autism.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Kepemilikan Atas Tanah Antara Para Pemegang Hak
Authors: Faradhiba Tahta , Subekti Subekti
Published: May 2024

Various issues of land disputes in Indonesia often cause polemics that drag on in social life, moreover land is a natural resource that has high value. The Basic Agrarian Law is the basis for legal protection which also creates derivative regulations to resolve land cases. The information in the certificate of land rights must match the physical data and juridical data recorded in the measurement letter and the land book concerned. This clarity and consistency provides legal certainty and prevents ambiguity. In essence, the principles of justice and legal certainty are the main ones and must be given to the community, especially to the disputing parties. This study discusses efforts to resolve land ownership disputes. Using normative research methods, land dispute resolution begins with administrative procedures for government agencies, in this case by the National Land Agency, through mediation, to litigation by the General Court and the Arbitration Board.
Keywords: Land Disputes, Rights Holders.
Analysis of The Level of Compliance With Employee Safety Behavior at PT. X Uses The Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) Method
Authors: Sangkala Rahul Ibrahim , Saputra Reza Atilansyah , Saputra Arya Dwi , Aditya Rayzhan , Friber Friber , Iroth Alessandro Natanael , Hauzan Irsyad , Malik Anis Rohmana
Published: May 2024

Behavior-based safety (BBS) programs are a safety approach based on human behavior and social relationships in the work environment. This approach aims to increase employee awareness, commitment and responsibility to create a safer and healthier work environment. A behavior-based safety (BBS) approach focuses on human behavior to reduce the risk of workplace accidents and injuries. This research uses a qualitative approach that combines observation and interview methods. This approach was chosen to gain a deeper understanding of the safety behavior of PT employees. X and the factors that influence it are observed directly in the PT work environment. X observes employee safety behavior in real-life situations. Dangerous behavior is the behavior of an individual or group of workers that can create a dangerous situation in a work process. Implementation of security in the PT environment. X has been around since the company's inception, but safety was only documented around 2022. work without complete PPE. Employees in the company already understand SMK3. Strengthen safety training, implementation and monitoring of safety procedures, safety culture, risk assessment, effective incident reporting systems, regulatory enforcement and discipline.
Left-Wing Radical Politics and Emergency Powers in Interwar Europe
Authors: Pintilescu Corneliu , Cercel Cosmin ,   Zeta Books
Published: May 2024

This argument aims to provide an overview of the historical context and main factors shaping the relation between left-wing radical politics and emergency powers in interwar Europe. It also brings to the fore how left-wing radical movements fuelled, reacted to and were connected with the multiple crises of the time span between the two world wars. The main argument is that emergency powers had the potential and were turned into a vehicle for an authoritarian drive, as several cases of that time illustrate. The abuse of emergency powers led to a normalisation of political violence and worked as a corrosive force against the liberal order in several European countries during the interwar period.
The Impact of the 1917 Russian Revolution and the Resort to the State of Siege in Interwar Romania (1918-1933)
Authors: Pintilescu Corneliu ,   Zeta Books
Published: May 2024

Similarly to other European countries, Romania faced multiple and intertwined crises during the interwar period, including successive moments of social turmoil, the activity of its hostile neighbours, the emergence of various far-right groups contesting the liberal order, and the looming spectre of the revolution. Among these threats, the fears of revolution and the intense activity of the Comintern worked both as main causes and discursive tools when the state resorted to emergency powers, which took the form of the state of siege in interwar Romania. By drawing on the files created by the Romanian secret police of that time, I argue that the state-of-siege mechanisms targeted not only those “threats” the state institutions invoked as reasons to justify the resort to emergency powers, but much broader categories of citizens. Several leaders of the political opposition, such as Pantelimon Halippa, or intellectuals involved in defending the civil rights engaged in vivid debates on the risks lurking behind the abuse of emergency powers. Finally, the abusive use of the state of siege worked as a corrosive force against the liberal order of the 1923 Constitution and heavily contributed to the establishment of King Carol II’s dictatorship in 1938.
PERENCANAAN PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE MENGGUNAKAN METODE RELIABILITY PADA ELECTRICAL SISTEM AUXILIARY POWER UNIT BOEING 737-500
Authors: Taaqbier Mohammed , Setiawan Ferry , Anhar Muh
Published: May 2024

Electrical sistem Auxiliary Power Unit pada pesawat Boing 737-500 sering mengalami kegagalan operasional karena adanya kerusakan pada komponen di dalam sistem tersebut, kejadian ini menimbulkan kerugian operasional yang cukup besar sehingga diperlukan sebuah metode perawatan yang tepat untuk menghilangkan faktor – faktor penyebab kegagalan pada Electrical sistem Auxiliary Power Unit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merencanakan aktivitas preventive maintenance pada Electrical sistem Auxiliary Power Unit sehingga kerusakan part yang menyebabkan terjadinya kegagalan dapat ditanggulangi dengan baik. Metode reliability dihitung menggunakan distribusi Weibull sehingga didapatkan batas kritis waktu operasional pada Electrical sistem Auxiliary Power Unit. Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan Batas kritis operasional Electrical sistem Auxiliary Power Unit adalah 271 flight cycle dengan kerusakan utama adalah pada komponen start Relay, dengan kegiatan maintenance berupa aktivitas Inspection, repair, testing dan cleaning.
Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila melalui Budaya Sekolah Bernuansa Islami di SMAN 1 Kecamatan X Koto
Authors: Nur Karmila Muhammad , Rivauzi Ahmad
Published: May 2024

This research aims to describe the implementation of an Islamic nuanced school culture in strengthening the profile of Pancasila students, as well as analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors in strengthening the profile of Pancasila students through an Islamic nuanced school culture. The method used is qualitative research with a case study approach. The informants in the research are the school principal, student representatives, curriculum representatives, and class XI students. . Data collection techniques used were interview, observation, and documentation methods. Data analysis is carried out through data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. Data validity techniques use source triangulation and technical triangulation. The results of this research indicate that there are three aspects that need to be considered in implementing an Islamic school culture to strengthen the Pancasila student profile, namely the learning process, raising awareness, and monitoring the values of the Pancasila student profile. The supporting factors in strengthening the profile of Pancasila students are the cooperation of teachers with the student council and support from the surrounding community, while the inhibiting factors are the lack of awareness of students in implementing an Islamic school culture and the lack of supervision from teachers and parents.
Страницы истории музыкалного образования в Армении / Pages from the History of Music Education in Armenia
Authors: Kuzmina Anna
Published: May 2024

The article is dedicated to the issues of the history of professional music education in Armenia. The first major achievement in this field was the establishment of a music studio in Yerevan in 1921, which was transformed into the first conservatory in the history of Armenia in 1923. A musical educational institution was also established in Leninakan (now Gyumri), with the direct participation of the famous composer and public figure Daniel Ghazaryan Leninakan Music Studio was opened in 1924, which laid the foundation of a musical educational institution in the city. In a short time it turned into a 7-year professional music school and in 1933 the school was named after the outstanding composer N.F. Tigranyan. In the article, an attempt has been made to study the process of forming a music studio, the successes and achievements of the first decades. The activities of the school are presented in the context of the cultural life of the city of Leninakan. Among the first teachers of the studio were wonderful musicians N. Gyanjumyan, Ye. Ter-Ghukasyan, T. Nalbandyan, G. Kostanyan, V. Ghazaryan, S. Kirilenko, K. Papayan and others. From the 1920s-1940s the school was managed by the prominent figures of Armenian musical culture: Daniel Ghazaryan, Artemi Ayvazyan, Mushegh Aghayan, Minas Krishchyan, Felush Mkrtchyan, Vahan Umr-Shat. The school's effective work was evidenced by the success of its students, as highlighted in the article. Among these successful students were gifted musicians who went on to make significant contributions to the musical culture of Armenia. Additionally, the article includes touching memories shared by renowned musicians about their teachers. It is worth noting that the created prerequisites years later led to the establishment of the Gyumri branch of Yerevan State Conservatory, named after Komitas, which is widely regarded as the highest level of music education in Armenia. This year marks the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Gyumri branch.
Գեորգի Տիգրանովը Ա. Սպենդիարյանի գործունեության Ղրիմյան շրջանի մասին / Georgi Tigranov on the Crimean Period of Al. Spendiaryan's activity
Authors: Asatryan Ani
Published: May 2024

During his academic activity, graduate of Leningrad Conservatory G. Tigranov authored valuable works dedicated to foreign, Russian, and Armenian music, compiled and edited numerous collections dedicated to the lives and works of B. Asafev, A. Khachatryan, K. Sarajev, etc. His studies dedicated to the activities of the great Armenian composer Alexander Spendiarov are especially invaluable in that series, which left their unique trace in the study of the history of Armenian-Russian music. According to G. Tigranov, Al. Spendiarov, reached his creative maturity in Crimea in 1900-1917. He succeeded in discovering the "New East" in music. With his works, Al. Spendiarov introduced into the chamber and symphonic music the new Armenian world of previously unknown images and melodies. During the Crimean period of his life, Spendiarov became an Armenian national composer, a man who dared to solve the problems faced by the young Armenian school of composition. His music of that period is distinguished by clarity and elegance. Al. Spendiarov managed to embody the most significant in-depth ideas in a simple, natural and accessible artistic way.
ՙԿռունկ՚ տաղի հետքերով / Following the footsteps of the canto "Krunk"
Authors: Harutyunyan Lusine
Published: May 2024

Wanderer songs (cantos) hold a special place in Armenian folk music. Since ancient times, they have been close to the hearts of the Armenian people, in which grief and suffering, love and longing for their native land were expressed. The tagh "Krunk" ("Crane") occupies a prominent place in medieval wanderer songs. The free improvisational narration of the latter and the smooth melody in an improvisational form, represent the features of the genre, which embodies an emotional, tragic story that reveals the inner agitation of the author. Thus, the tagh "Krunk" is a work of authorship in all its characteristics. With his high poetic skill and deep emotionality, with rich musical expressiveness, tagh remains the bearer of the inner experience of a wanderer. The article makes the assumption that the tagh "Krunk" bears a certain relationship not only to peasant, urban, but also to spiritual medieval songwriting, taking into account its modal intonation features.
Bilgi Toplumu ve Demokrasi İlişkisi Bağlamında Rusya Federasyonu
Authors: Erdoğan Çakar Banu , Ülger Muhammed
Published: May 2024

1970’lerden itibaren sanayi toplumundan bilgi toplumuna geçiş sürecine adım atılmıştır. Enformasyon, bilişim ve teknoloji temelli yaşanan bu dönüşüm kültürel, ekonomik ve politik düzeyde toplumsal değişiklikleri beraberinde getirirken, teknolojinin toplumu özgürleştirerek katılımcı bir demokratik ortam oluşturacağına dair öngörüleri de güçlendirmiştir. Bu dönemle uyum sürecine giren ülkeler modern dünyanın gerisinde kalmamak için bütünleşme sürecinde yaşanılacak problemlere karşı stratejiler geliştirmiş, günceli takip etme gayreti içerisinde olmuşlardır.
Literatüre dayalı bu bilgilerden yola çıkılarak çalışmada bilgi toplumu kazanımları sonucunda değişen çehresi ile demokrasi ve bilgi toplumu ilişkisi, Rusya Federasyonu’nun bu konudaki stratejileri ve uygulamaları üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Rusya’nın demokrasi bağlamında bilgi toplumu olma yolundaki mevcut durumunu ortaya koymanın amaçlandığı çalışmada, demokrasinin; temel hak ve özgürlükler, siyasal temsil, siyasal katılım, eşitlik, hukukun üstünlüğü ve hukuk devleti temel unsurlarından yola çıkılarak Rusya’nın bu prensipler çerçevesinde bilgi toplumuna entegre olabilmek için yaptığı atılımlar alan yazına yönelik literatür taraması ve belge incelemesi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Ülkedeki demokrasi işleyişinin bilgi toplumu olma sürecine nasıl yansıdığı ve bu süreçte karşılaşılan problemler somut örnekler üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda Rusya’nın bilgi toplumu olma sürecindeki stratejilerini analiz etmek, ülkenin demokratik ve bilgi temelli gelişimini değerlendirme açısından önemlidir. Çalışmada genel olarak Elektronik Rusya Hedef Programı kapsamında başlatılan faaliyetlerde demokrasinin gelişimine katkıdan ziyade ülkenin alt yapı güçlendirilmesine odaklanıldığı ve bu konuda da amaçlananın yerine getirilemediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Inteligencia emocional como mediadora entre la salud mental y la calidad de vida del adulto mayor
Authors: Navarro-Oliva Ilse Alondra Lizeth , Cortes Montelongo Diana Berenice , Navarro-Oliva Edna Idalia Paulina , Carrillo Cervantes Ana Laura , Sánchez-Gómez Martín
Published: May 2024

Objetivo principal: analizar el efecto de la Salud Mental (SM) y la Calidad de Vida (CV) considerando la función mediadora de la Inteligencia Emocional (IE) en Personas Adultas Mayores (PAM) de Saltillo, Coahuila. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, con diseño descriptivo y de comprobación de modelo con análisis de mediación. Se contó con una población de 260 personas adultas mayores del municipio de Saltillo, Coahuila. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: cédula de datos personales, Cuestionario General de Salud 12 ítems (GHQ-12), Escala Trait Meta Mood (TMMS-24) y Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida (WHOQOL-OLD). Resultados principales: se encontró existencia de una relación positiva y significativa entre la SM, la IE (r= 0,447, p< 0,01) y la CV (r= 0,261, p< 0.01). Además de resultar la correlación entre la IE Y LA CV (r= 0,404, p< 0,01). Finalmente, se encontró un efecto significativo de la mediación de la IE entre la relación de la SM y la CV (B=,251; t=1,728; p<,001). Conclusión principal: los resultados obtenidos reportan que los factores emocionales determinan a largo plazo la CV.
Integration of anaerobic digester with oxidation ditch-membrane bioreactor as a zero organic waste system for building application
Authors:   , Satayavibul Arpapan
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to study the efficiency of organic substance removing in anaerobic digestion system and oxidation ditch membrane bioreactor (OD-MBR) for managing liquid digestate and wastewater sludge to completely zero organic waste. The process can be done by digesting food waste from the canteen with sludge from OD-MBR with the proportion of 10:1 by weight and liquid digestate from anaerobic digestion process will be further treated by OD-MBR to study the productivity of methane and efficiency of waste treatment. This study is a semi-continuous experiment by adjusting the experimental conditions for six conditions, as follows; HRT of 24, 18, and 12 hours at the water velocity of 0.3 and 0.6 m/s with 28 days per condition. The result shows that the combined system has high efficiency of waste treatment and the total amount of produced biogas is 167.63 Nm3 along the experiment. The highest amount of biogas of 34.92 Nm3 is from the experiment using a HRT 24 hours and water velocity 0.3 m/s (SC1). The highest specific methane yield of 1.12 m3CH4/kg VS removed. For the efficiency of waste treatment, the range which COD can be treated is 85.44-93.77%. TKN is 64.31-85.57%, Nitrate is 40.82-54.17%, and phosphorus is 44-51.17%. In the term of net energy balance the result show that net energy balance is negative in every experiment. However, when considering the energy saving, for combined system Experiment 1, (SC1) can save LPG the most or 4,428 THB/year. The evaluation by LCA with SimaPro 8 software for global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), and eutrophication potential (EP) shows that the combined system between AD and OD-MBR has the GWP of 1.29 kg CO2 eq. per FU, AP of 0.0128 kg SO2 eq per FU, and EP of 4.659 kg PO4 eq per FU.
นวัตกรรมแอปพลิเคชันตามทฤษฎีพฤติกรรมตามแผนเพื่อส่งเสริมการรับรู้ความสามารถตนเอง
Authors:   , พีชผล ฉัททวุฒิ
Published: May 2024

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อพัฒนาแอปพลิเคชันตามทฤษฎีพฤติกรรมตามแผนเพื่อส่งเสริมการรับรู้ความสามารถตนเองในการเรียนออนไลน์ และศึกษาผลการทดลองใช้แอปพลิเคชันฯ ที่พัฒนาขึ้นกับนักศึกษาระดับปริญญาตรี

ขั้นตอนของการวิจัยแบ่งออกเป็น 3 ขั้นตอนคือ (1) ศึกษาเอกสารงานวิจัยและสัมภาษณ์ผู้เชี่ยวชาญสำหรับต้นแบบของแอปพลิเคชันฯ (2) สร้างต้นแบบและพัฒนาระบบแอปพลิเคชันฯ และ (3) ศึกษาผลการทดลองใช้ระบบแอปพลิเคชันฯ ต่อระดับการรับรู้ความสามารถตนเองในการเรียนออนไลน์ กลุ่มตัวอย่าง คือ นักศึกษาระดับปริญญาตรี มหาวิทยาลัยเอเชียอาคเนย์จำนวน 180 คน โดยแบ่งออกเป็นกลุ่มทดลองและกลุ่มควบคุม กลุ่มละ 90 คน มีระยะเวลาในการดำเนินการทดลอง 5 สัปดาห์

ผลการวิจัยพบว่า ระบบแอปพลิเคชันตามทฤษฎีพฤติกรรมตามแผนที่พัฒนาขึ้น มี 3 องค์ประกอบ คือ (1) ขั้นตอนการเรียนการสอนของระบบ (2) เครื่องมือของระบบ และ (3) คุณลักษณะของแอปพลิเคชันตามทฤษฎีพฤติกรรมตามแผน ซึ่งประกอบด้วย การสร้างเสริมทัศนคติต่อการเรียนออนไลน์ การสร้างเสริมการคล้อยตามกลุ่มเรียนออนไลน์ และการสร้างเสริมการรับรู้การควบคุมพฤติกรรมตนเอง ผลการทดลองใช้แอปพลิเคชันฯ พบว่าค่าเฉลี่ยคะแนนการรับรู้ความสามารถตนเองในการเรียนออนไลน์ของกลุ่มทดลองมีค่าสูงกว่ากลุ่มควบคุมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05 ผลนี้แสดงให้เห็นว่าระบบแอปพลิเคชันตามทฤษฎีพฤติกรรมตามแผนมีอิทธิพลต่อการเพิ่มการรับรู้ความสามารถตนเองของผู้เรียนออนไลน์
Enrichment, characterization and application of bacterial consortia for degrading 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in rubber processing wastewater
Authors:   , Krainara Saowaluk
Published: May 2024

Benzothiazoles is widely used as vulcanized accelerator in rubber industry. The high volume of 2-MBT usages resulted in its release into the environment and can cause adverse health impacts. This study aimed to obtain efficient 2-MBT-degrading bacteria for wastewater application. The bacterial consortia were enriched by incubating rubber wastewater sludge in a medium containing 2-MBT for 28 days followed by a stepwise acclimation by gradually increasing 2-MBT concentrations in an NH4Cl-containing medium for 76 days. The process significantly increased the bacterial number and changed the dominant populations and degradative genes. Among these consortia, the EN consortium had the highest specific 2-MBT biodegradation rate of 5.2 ± 0.5 mg L-1 day-1 mg protein-1 and could degrade up to 300 mg L-1 2-MBT. From 16S rRNA gene analysis, Pseudomonas was the dominant genus at approximately 70% of the total population. Stenotrophomonas was the second most abundant populations and have never been reported for 2-MBT biodegradation. The abundance of genes involved in xenobiotic substance biodegradation and tolerance mechanism in the EN consortium were higher than those in original sludge sample. In addition, the EN consortium removed 65-79% and 90-93% of 112 mg L-1 2-MBT and ~4,000 mg L-1 COD in rubber wastewater under batch test, respectively. The values were significantly higher than that of natural attenuation. This research also developed a ready-to-use inoculum by immobilizing the EN consortium in porous carriers. The immobilized cells could retain their activities over 4 cycles of repeated uses. This study further carried out the bioaugmentation of immobilized EN consortium in rubber processing wastewater treatment system. These results suggested that the system not only reduced 2-MBT at approximately 74-76% of its initial concentration, it also exhibited greater than 80% of COD removal at an OLR 3 kg COD m3 day-1. Thus, the bioaugmentation of immobilized EN consortium and activated sludge in the bioreactor at the ratio of 1:2 could enhance wastewater treatment efficiency of rubber processing industry under a continuous operation. Hence, the EN consortium could be an efficient bacterial consortium to remove benzothiazoles by applying it in the post-treatment system of rubber industrial wastewater.
Spatial and temporal variation of heavy metals in PM10 and PM2.5 surrounding e-waste dismantling community in Buriram province
Authors:   , Chanthahong Siriwipha
Published: May 2024

Spatial and temporal variation of heavy metals in PM10 and PM2.5 surrounding e-waste dismantling community at Buriram Province were investigated during April and September. The aims of this study were to monitor and compare between those found at non- (NS) and e-waste dismantling house (ES) and open dump area (OD), and identify potential sources of heavy metals including As, Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Mn, Pb, Zn and Fe. The heavy metals in PM were analyzed by ICP-MS. The results showed that average PM2.5 and PM10 were highest at NS (33.8 ±18.8 µg/m3) and OD (57.6 ±17.5 µg/m3), respectively. PM2.5 was significantly correlated between ES with NS and reference area (RF), while those of PM10 has found some correlation with NS. For PM2.5, As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb, Zn, and Fe were highest at open dump area (0.230 ±0.093, 1.426 ±0.736, 9.604 ±17.111, 16.083 ±4.924, 56.021 ±28.563, 278.118 ±31.945, and 264.858 ±69.649 ng/m3, respectively) while Cu and Ni were highest at non-e-waste dismantling (46.655 ±20.339 ng/m3) and e-waste dismantling house (22.540 ±21.114 ng/m3). Heavy metals contaminated in PM10 shows the similarity of As (2.195 - 6.070 ng/m3) and Zn concentration (1,272.275 - 8,418.981 ng/m3) at all sampling sites. While Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Fe were found highly at non-e-waste dismantling house (5.918 ±8.318, 103.233 ±22.825, 1.972 ±1.062, 31.979 ±23.042, and 655.740 ±330.848, respectively). The temporal variation of heavy metals was explicitly found higher in September than in April. Meteorological factors, including wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity, had negative relationships with metals variation in PM. For the composition in PM2.5 and PM10 at all sampling sites, Zn had the highest compositions along with Fe, and the rest metals were mostly higher at the e-waste dismantling area. The integrated results between PCA and EF analysis show that Fe and Cr in PM2.5 were originated from a natural, while those of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and As could be initiated from an e-waste dismantling in this area. For PM10, Cr, As, and Zn was originated from natural and Pb, Ni, and Cd had existed in the background environment. At the same time, Fe and Cu were originated from e-waste dismantling activities. Consequently, this study can be indicated that e-waste dismantling activities led to more heavy metals contamination in PM2.5 and PM10.
Occupational hazard identification and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds exposure in plastic recycling plants in Thailand: Case studies of polypropylene and polyethylene
Authors:   , Ansar Muhammed
Published: May 2024

Mechanical recycling in small scale plastic recycling plants in Thailand with mechanical and thermal driven stages may lead to various occupational hazards. This study aimed to improve occupational safety and health (OSH) by reducing these risks to acceptable levels from hazard identification and risk assessments which were mainly associated with indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exposure. Accordingly, heat, noise, and VOCs were identified as potential hazards in the hazard identification from four selected small-scale plastic recycling plants in Thailand with polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) recycling practices. In exposure assessment, almost all the exposure levels of heat stress exceeded the Thai OSH regulation limit of 30oC for heavy workers, which was not acceptable according to the risk evaluation in the preliminary study. Also, these values showed a significant difference (p
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) mediates DNA methylation preventing genomic instability
Authors:   , Watcharanurak Papitchaya
Published: May 2024

Global DNA hypomethylation promotes genomic instability through the accumulation of DNA damage and resulted in an increasing rate of mutation. To stabilize the genome, cells possess an epigenetic mechanism to reduce DNA tension that causes DNA damages, named Replication-Independent Endogenous DNA Double-Strand Breaks (RIND-EDSBs). Due to their biological roles, this type of physiologic EDSBs act as youth-associated genomic-stabilizing DNA gaps (Youth-DNA-GAPs). They are localized within methylated genome and maintained by non-histone HMGB1 and SIRT1 proteins. Reduction of RIND-EDSBs was found in hypomethylated genome, including cancer and aging. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role of HMGB1-mediated DNA methylation in genomic instability prevention. First, using IRS-EDSB LMPCR and DI-PLA methods, we demonstrated that HMGB1, specifically Box-A domain produces Youth-DNA-GAPs. Second, the results from PLA assay revealed that HMGB1 forms complex with Youth-DNA-GAPs and SIRT1, and SIRT1 protected Youth-DNA-GAPs from γH2AX. Third, we conducted two novel PCR, DNA immunoprecipitate 8-OHdG followed by IRS-EDSB LMPCR and IRS-SSB PCR combined with EDSB-SSB PCR to study genome distribution pattern of Youth-DNA-GAPs, and found that Youth-DNA-GAPs are located far from DNA damages and can stabilize genome in long distance. Finally, to study the mechanism of HMGB1-mediated DNA methylation, Alu siRNA and AGO4 transfection were performed. We showed that  DNA methylation preventing genomic instability is HMGB1 dependent. Therefore, HMGB1 mediates DNA methylation by producing and maintaining methylated RIND-EDSB or Youth-DNA-GAPs in methylated genome to prevent genomic instability.
Innovative zero-waste system for building wastewater recycling and food waste management
Authors:   , Sakcharoen Thammananya
Published: May 2024

Urbanization leads to concerns about environmental impacts due to the increasing food waste and wastewater generation. The study aims to develop an innovative zero-waste system for food waste and wastewater management in the building using the combination of a single-stage anaerobic digester and the Moving Bed Biofilm Reaction-Membrane Bioreactor (MBBR-MBR). The comprehensive analysis for innovative zero-waste system development is conducted including (1) survey and interview the target market group (universities) to determine the factors affecting the intention to use the zero-waste system; (2) develop a zero-waste system prototype, and test operation for measuring the performances; (3) evaluate the system performance using life-cycle energy and GHG emissions; and (4) analysis of commercialization plan. The results show that the system's biogas production efficiency increase for co-digestion of food waste, vegetable waste, and wastewater sludge. The treated wastewater has passed the US-EPA reclaimed water quality standard. The system brings about carbon credits, fossil energy reduction, and economic performance. The zero-waste system can be a promising alternative for waste management. The value proposition, competitive advantage, market opportunity, and commercialization plan are analyzed to bring the innovative zero-waste system into business and society.
Assessments of hydraulic responses to climate variability of dominant trees in successional forests in Khao Yai National Park for environmental management
Authors:   , Unawong Weerapong
Published: May 2024

In Southeast Asia, tropical forests have been increasingly threatened by human disturbances and climate change-induced water stress. However, uncertainty remains as to how these forests would respond to environmental changes under water deficit conditions. Here, we conducted a study of seasonal variation in leaf water status and hydraulic properties of dominant tree species across forest successional stages in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Specifically, we measured midday leaf water potential (Ψmd) during the wet and dry season, and assessed branch xylem vulnerability at which 50% is lost (P50). The associations between P50 and maximum xylem hydraulic conductivity (Ksmax) and maximum vessel length (MVL) were examined. We also calculated percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity corresponding to Ψmd during the dry season (PLCdry). Our results showed that, lower Ψmd during the wet and dry season and greater variation in Ψmd resulted from seasonal changes were observed in drier sites. This could be an adaptive strategy to optimize photosynthesis and growth, but at higher risk of hydraulic failure. Substantial within-site variation in MVL, Ksmax, and P50 were observed in this study, leading to unclear variations across the successions. P50 was correlated with Ksmax, supporting the hydraulic efficiency-safety tradeoff, but not with MVL. Additionally, all studied tree species from each succession experienced changes in Ψmd during the dry season that could lead to PLCdry in different degrees. Species with more resistant to xylem cavitation exhibited lower PLCdry than species with higher xylem vulnerability. This observation highlights the significance of cavitation resistance for determining species’ risk of hydraulic dysfunction during low water availability. Therefore, knowing responses to water stress of different tree species and different forest successions would be beneficial for selecting ones that could be well adapted to specific environments, thus improving the strategies for managing forests in different successions under a warmer future.
ระดับความเข้มข้นตามแนวตั้งของฝุ่นละอองและโลหะ บริเวณอาคารสูงในกรุงเทพมหานคร
Authors:   , อินทร์ตระกูล ศิริภัทร์
Published: May 2024

การศึกษาครั้งนี้มุ่งเน้นศึกษาระดับความเข้มข้นตามแนวตั้งของ PM2.5 และ PM2.5-10 บริเวณภายในและภายนอกอาคารสูงแห่งหนึ่งในกรุงเทพมหานคร โดยศึกษาที่ระดับความสูง 4.5, 51.5 และ 138.5 เมตร ในช่วงฤดูฝน (วันที่ 23 - 29 กันยายน 2562) ฤดูหนาว (วันที่ 13 - 19 มกราคม 2563) และฤดูร้อน (วันที่ 2 - 8 มีนาคม 2563) พร้อมทั้งวิเคราะห์โลหะในฝุ่นละออง ได้แก่ As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Ni, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg, K, Ca และ Ba ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ปริมาณ PM2.5 และ PM2.5-10 ภายนอกอาคารมีความเข้มข้นสูงที่สุดในช่วงฤดูหนาว รองลงมาได้แก่ ฤดูฝน และฤดูร้อน โดยมีค่าเฉลี่ยของ PM2.5 เท่ากับ 43.5 ± 10.7, 31.7 ± 12.8 และ 17.1 ± 5.8 µg/m3 ตามลำดับ และมีค่าเฉลี่ยของ PM2.5-10 เท่ากับ 16.5 ± 2.4, 14.6 ± 4.3 และ 12.8 ± 2.5 µg/m3 ตามลำดับ โดยความเข้มข้นของ PM2.5 ในแต่ละระดับความสูงไม่แตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับความเชื่อมั่นร้อยละ 95 (p > 0.05) ทั้งในช่วงฤดูฝน ฤดูหนาว และฤดูร้อน สำหรับความเข้มข้นของ PM2.5-10 พบว่า ในแต่ละระดับความสูงไม่แตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับความเชื่อมั่นร้อยละ 95 (p > 0.05) ในช่วงฤดูฝนและฤดูร้อน ในขณะที่ช่วงฤดูหนาวพบความเข้มข้นของ PM2.5-10 ที่ระดับความสูง 138.5 มีความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติกับระดับความสูง 4.5 และ 51.5 เมตร โดยมีแนวโน้มลดจากระดับความสูง 4.5 เมตรเฉลี่ยร้อยละ 37.4 สำหรับค่าเฉลี่ย PM2.5/PM10 ratio พบว่า มีค่าสูงที่สุดในช่วงฤดูหนาว รองลงมาได้แก่ ฤดูฝน และฤดูร้อน เท่ากับ 0.72 ± 0.05, 0.68 ± 0.06 และ 0.56 ± 0.08 ตามลำดับ ผลวิเคราะห์ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างความเข้มข้นของ PM2.5 ภายในและภายนอกอาคารระดับความสูง 4.5, 51.5 และ 138.5 เมตร พบว่า มีความสัมพันธ์เชิงบวกอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (r = 0.926, 0.907 และ 0.976 ตามลำดับ) ในขณะที่ PM2.5-10 พบความสัมพันธ์เชิงบวกเฉพาะที่ระดับความสูง 138.5 เมตร (r = 0.629) โดยค่าเฉลี่ย I/O ratio ของ PM2.5 และ PM2.5-10 ที่ระดับความสูง 51.5 เมตร มีค่าต่ำกว่าที่ระดับความสูง 4.5 และ 138.5 เมตร ทั้งนี้ ผลวิเคราะห์ความเข้มข้นของโลหะรวมใน PM2.5 และ PM2.5-10 ภายนอกอาคารในแต่ละระดับความสูงพบว่าไม่แตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ สำหรับค่าเฉลี่ย I/O ratio ของโลหะพบว่ามีค่ามากกว่า 1 นอกจากนี้ ผลวิเคราะห์สัดส่วนความเข้มข้นของโลหะใน PM2.5 และ PM2.5-10 ภายนอกอาคารพบว่ามีกลุ่มชนิดของโลหะที่สอดคล้องกันทั้งสามระดับความสูง โดย K, Ca, Mg, Fe และ Zn เป็นธาตุที่พบปริมาณมาก ส่วน Cr, As, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ba, Ni และ Cd มีเป็นธาตุที่มีสัดส่วนน้อยกว่าร้อยละ 1 ส่วนภายในอาคารพบ Ca เป็นธาตุที่มีปริมาณมากที่สุด สำหรับผลการวิเคราะห์แหล่งกำเนิดด้วย PCA สามารถระบุได้ว่าโลหะใน PM2.5 มีแหล่งกำเนิดมาจากปลดปล่อยจากยานยนต์ ฝุ่นดินและการก่อสร้าง การเผาไหม้ชีวมวล การสึกหรอของผ้าเบรกและยางรถยนต์ และการเผาไหม้น้ำมันและเชื้อเพลิงฟอสซิลและโลหะใน PM2.5-10 มีแหล่งกำเนิดมาจากการปลดปล่อยจากยานยนต์ การเผาไหม้น้ำมันและอุตสาหกรรมเหล็กและเหล็กกล้า ละอองลอยจากเกลือทะเล การเผาไหม้ชีวมวล รวมถึงฝุ่นดิน และการก่อสร้าง
The effect of N-trans-p-coumaroyl tyramine on indomethacin-/diclofenac-mediated-cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells.
Authors:   , Wongsakul Angkana
Published: May 2024

Indomethacin (INDO) and diclofenac (DIC) are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) have been reported their anticancer potential.  Their cytotoxicity could be increased when combining with certain natural compounds such as piperine in Piper plants. N-trans-p-coumaroyltyramine (TCT) (a coumaric acid derivative) was also found at significant amount in these plants and other commonly used in traditional medicine.  This study determined the potentiative effect of TCT on NSAIDs (INDO and DIC) induced cytotoxicity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and the underlying mechanisms.  Combination of TCT with either NSAIDs or various ER stressors at their non-cytotoxic concentrations were able to reduce cell viability in MCF-7 and mitoxantrone-resistant MCF-7/MX cells after 48 h treatment.  In this study, MCF-7/MX cells expressed higher activities of efflux transporter (BCRP) than the parental MCF-7 cells.  The results showed that TCT had no inhibitory effect on their activities, suggesting that the potentiation was independent of transporters.  Evidently, combination of TCT with either NSAIDs or ER stressors significantly reduced mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) in concurrent with the rising of Bax/BcL-2 ratio and apoptosis in both MCF-7 cell types.  Furthermore, the combination also resulted in decreased expression of survival proteins p-Nrf-2/HO-1, and increased activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling PERK/eIF-2a/ATF-4/CHOP pathways.  In conclusion, TCT could increase INDO or DIC cytotoxicity of MCF-7 cells by promoting ER stress-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.