bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyber-Resilient Converter Control System for Doubly Fed Induction Generator-Based Wind Turbine Generators
Authors: Farrar Nathan , Ali Mohd. Hasan
Published: January 2024

As wind turbine generator systems become more common in the modern power grid, the question of how to adequately protect them from cyber criminals has become a major theme in the development of new control systems. As such, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms have become major contributors to preventing, detecting, and mitigating cyber-attacks in the power system. In their current state, wind turbine generator systems are woefully unprepared for a coordinated and sophisticated cyber attack. With the implementation of the internet-of-things (IoT) devices in the power control network, cyber risks have increased exponentially. The literature shows the impact analysis and exploring detection techniques for cyber attacks on the wind turbine generator systems; however, almost no work on the mitigation of the adverse effects of cyber attacks on the wind turbine control systems has been reported. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes implementing an AI-based converter controller, i.e., a multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) method that can mitigate any adverse effects that communication delays or bad data could have on a grid-connected doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine generator or wind farm. The performance of the proposed DDPG controller has been compared with that of a variable proportional–integral (VPI) control-based mitigation method. The proposed technique has been simulated and validated utilizing the MATLAB/Simulink software, version R2023A, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Also, the performance of the proposed DDPG method is better than that of the VPI method in mitigating the adverse impacts of cyber attacks on wind generator systems, which is validated by the plots and the root mean square error table found in the results section.
Catalytic Upgrading of Biodiesel by Partial Hydrogenation of Its FAME Composition: A Systematic Review
Authors: Psalidas Alexandros , Emmanouilidou Elissavet , Kokkinos Nikolaos C.
Published: January 2024

Biodiesel is one of the most popular biofuels as it is a promising substitute for conventional diesel fuel, but for now, it cannot be used as a stand-alone fuel due to its low oxidative stability. For this reason, there have been efforts to upgrade biodiesel in the last few years through the partial hydrogenation of its fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). This procedure succeeds in resolving the problem of low oxidative stability, but in some cases, a new issue arises as non-selective hydrogenation deteriorates the fuel’s cold flow properties, which are crucial for vehicle’s operation without damaging the vehicle’s engine. More specifically, the problem of deteriorated cold flow properties is caused by the formation of trans-monounsaturated and fully saturated FAMEs during the hydrogenation reaction. Hydrogenated biodiesels are preferred to contain more cis-monounsaturated FAMEs because these are considered to have the best combination of high oxidative stability and good cold flow properties. As a result, various systems and methods have been tested to achieve selective partial hydrogenation of biodiesel FAMEs. In this review article, the catalytic systems and processes that stood out in various research studies are presented, and the factors that lead to the best possible outcome are investigated and discussed.
Storage Stability of Plant-Based Drinks Related to Proteolysis and Generation of Free Amino Acids
Authors: Roland Ida Schwartz , Le Thao T. , Chen Tony , Aguilera-Toro Miguel , Nielsen Søren Drud-Heydary , Larsen Lotte Bach , Poulsen Nina Aagaard
Published: January 2024

The market for plant-based drinks (PBDs) is experiencing a surge in consumer demand, especially in Western societies. PBDs are a highly processed food product, and little is known about this relatively new food product category when compared to bovine milk. In the present study, the storage stability, proteolysis and generation of free amino acids were investigated in commercially available PBDs over the course of a one-year storage period. Generally, pH, color and protein solubility were found to be stable in the PBDs during storage, except for the pea-based product, which showed less protein solubility after storage. The pea-based drinks also had higher initial levels of free N-terminals prior to storage compared with levels for the other plant-based drinks, as well as significantly increasing levels of total free, and especially bitter free, amino acids. The development of free amino acids in the oat-based drink indicated that the released amino acids could be involved in various reactions such as the Maillard reaction during the storage period.
Biopreservation of Fresh Sardines (Sardina pilchardus) Using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OV50 Isolated from Traditional Algerian Green Olives Preparations
Authors: Mohellebi Nassima , Hamma-Faradji Samia , Bendjeddou Kamel , Ait Meddour Amel , Benchikh Yassine , Bendali Farida , Belguesmia Yanath , Drider Djamel
Published: January 2024

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OV50 is a novel strain that was isolated from Algerian olives. Prior to its use as a natural biopreservative, OV50 underwent characterization for various functions. OV50 shows no proteolytic, lipolytic, or hemolytic activity. In addition, it is non-cytotoxic to eukaryotic cells and does not exhibit acquired antibiotic resistance. OV50 was tested with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27835, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and Vibrio cholerae ATCC 14035 in a sardine based-medium at 37 °C and 7 °C. At 37 °C, OV50 completely inhibited the growth of these foodborne pathogens for a maximum of 6 h. At 7 °C, it suppressed their growth for a maximum of 8 days, except for S. aureus ATCC 6538, whose growth was reduced from 4 to 2 log CFU/mL. Microbiological counts, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and peroxide values (PV) concentrations were determined in fresh sardines inoculated with OV50 and kept at 7 °C for 12 days. The inoculated sardines showed a significant reduction in TVB-N levels at D8 (34.9 mg/100 g) compared to the control (59.73 mg/100 g) and in PV concentrations at D4 (6.67 meq/kg) compared to the control (11.44 meq/kg), as well as a significant reduction in the numbers of Enterobacterales, Coliforms, Pseudomonas spp., Vibrio spp., and S. aureus At D8 and D12 compared to the control. Taken together, these results indicate that OV50 can improve the microbiological safety, freshness, and quality of sardines.
Combined Strategy Using High Hydrostatic Pressure, Temperature and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Development of Fibre-Rich Ingredients from Oat and Wheat By-Products
Authors: Jiménez-Pulido Iván Jesús , Rico Daniel , De Luis Daniel , Martín-Diana Ana Belén
Published: January 2024

Wheat bran (WB) and oat hull (OH) are two interesting undervalued cereal processing sources rich in total dietary fibre (TDF) and other associated bioactive compounds, such as β-glucans and polyphenols. The aim of this study was to optimise a combination chemical (enzymes) and physical (high hydrostatic pressure-temperature) strategies to increase the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds naturally bound to the bran and hull outer layers. WB and OH were hydrolysed using food-grade enzymes (UltraFloXL and Viscoferm, for WB and OH, respectively) in combination with HPP at different temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70 °C) and hydrolysis either before or after HPP. Proximal composition, phytic acid, β-glucans, total phenolics (TPs) and total antioxidant activity (TAC) were evaluated to select the processing conditions for optimal nutritional and bioactive properties of the final ingredients. The application of the hydrolysis step after the HPP treatment resulted in lower phytic acid levels in both matrices (WB and OH). On the other hand, the release of β-glucan was more effective at the highest temperature (70 °C) used during pressurisation. After the treatment, the TP content ranged from 756.47 to 1395.27 µmol GAE 100 g−1 in WB, and OH showed values from 566.91 to 930.45 µmol GAE 100 g−1. An interaction effect between the temperature and hydrolysis timing (applied before or after HPP) was observed in the case of OH. Hydrolysis applied before HPP was more efficient in releasing OH TPs at lower HPP temperatures (40–50 °C); meanwhile, at higher HPP temperatures (60–70 °C), hydrolysis yielded higher TP values when applied after HPP. This effect was not observed in WB, where the hydrolysis was more effective before HPP. The TP results were significantly correlated with the TAC values. The results showed that the application of optimal process conditions (hydrolysis before HPP at 60 or 70 °C for WB; hydrolysis after HPP at 70 °C for OH) can increase the biological value of the final ingredients obtained.
Correction: Mohd Azmi et al. Application of Plant Proteases in Meat Tenderization: Recent Trends and Future Prospects. Foods 2023, 12, 1336
Authors: Mohd Azmi Syahira Izyana , Kumar Pavan , Sharma Neelesh , Sazili Awis Qurni , Lee Sung-Jin , Ismail-Fitry Mohammad Rashedi
Published: January 2024

In the original publication [...]
A Long-Term Study on Chemical Compounds and Their Location in Sweet Basil Leaves from Organic and Conventional Producers
Authors: Hallmann Ewelina , Rusaczonek Anna , Muszyńska Ewa , Ziółkowski Daniel , Kuliński Sebastian , Jasek Jakub , Ponder Alicja
Published: January 2024

Bioactive compound profiles in organic and conventional sweet basil were analyzed by HPLC, and the enzymatic status and antioxidant status of plants cultivated with the two systems were also examined. Fluorescence microscopy was used for the determination of compounds’ locations in the basil leaves. The experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2021. Organic and conventional basil samples were obtained directly from Polish herb producers. The results showed that the chemical profiles of organic and conventional basil leaves are different. Not only the cultivation method but also the experimental year had a significant impact on the antioxidant content in basil leaves. Organic basil contained significantly more dry matter (11.97 g 100 g−1 FW) compared to conventional one (10.54 g 100 g−1 FW) and a higher tendency for total phenolic compounds (5.24 mg g −1 DW) accumulation. The higher bioactive compound content reflects the antioxidant activity (61.0%, 54.33%, and 46%) in organic basil compared to conventional (46.87%, 38.055, and 39.24%) with respect to the analysis method (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP). Catalase activity (39 µmol H2O2 min−1 mg−1) in organic basil was higher compared to conventional (23.19 µmol H2O2 min−1 mg−1) ones. The obtained results are very unique and could be used by herb producers as a key for high-quality basil production. The higher concentration of bioactive compounds in organic basil gives a better nutraceutical status to this popular herb.
Disability-Related Mortality Inequity in South Korea: Comparison in Terms of Seoul Metropolitan/Non-Metropolitan Areas and Income Levels
Authors: Chung Seo-Yeon , Lee Ru-Gyeom , Park So-Youn , Oh In-Hwan
Published: January 2024

Despite the improved living standards in South Korea, people with disabilities still experience health disparities. Therefore, we analyzed differences in mortality rates among people with disabilities according to income level and residential area using representative data from the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea. Descriptive statistics and Cox proportional risk models were used to identify the risk factors for mortality affecting people with disabilities stratified by income level and residential area. Those living in non-metropolitan areas and low-income households had high mortality risks, suggesting that income level and residential area were related to mortality risk. The mortality risk of those with a high-income level was 1.534 times higher in non-metropolitan areas than in Seoul metropolitan areas (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44–1.63). Among people with low income living in non-metropolitan areas, the crude hazard ratios of mortality risk were 1.26 (95% CI = 1.14–1.39), 1.44 (95% CI = 1.34–1.54), and 1.39 (95% CI = 1.20–1.61) for those with brain lesions, sensory impairment (visual/hearing/speech impairment), and kidney failure, respectively. No significant differences were observed between people with autism in non-metropolitan and Seoul metropolitan areas and those with low- and high-income levels. Health issues and countermeasures are crucial to reduce mortality risk among people with disabilities.
Attempted Suicide Is Independently Associated with Increased In-Hospital Mortality and Hospital Length of Stay among Injured Patients at Community Tertiary Hospital in Japan: A Retrospective Study with Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Ono Yuko , Ishida Tokiya , Tomita Nozomi , Takayama Kazushi , Kakamu Takeyasu , Kotani Joji , Shinohara Kazuaki
Published: January 2024

Suicide is an increasingly important public healthcare concern worldwide. Studies examining the effect of attempted suicide on clinical outcomes among patients with trauma are scarce. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a community emergency department in Japan. We included all severely injured patients with an Injury Severity Score > 15 from January 2002 to December 2021. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. The other outcome of interest was hospital length of stay. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed to compare these outcomes between suicide attempt and no suicide attempt groups. Of the 2714 eligible patients, 183 (6.7%) had trauma caused by a suicide attempt. In the propensity score-matched analysis with 139 pairs, the suicide attempt group showed a significant increase in-hospital mortality (20.9% vs. 37.4%; odds ratio 2.27; 95% confidence intervals 1.33–3.87) compared with the no suicide attempt group. Among survivors, the median hospital length of stay was significantly longer in the suicide attempt group than that in the no suicide attempt group (9 days vs. 12 days, p = 0.0076). Because of the unfavorable consequences and potential need for additional healthcare, increased attention should be paid to patients with trauma caused by a suicide attempt.
The Influence of Household and Community Food Environments on Food Insecurity in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Mbhenyane Xikombiso Gertrude , Tambe Ayuk Betrand
Published: January 2024

Insufficient access to enough quality food remains a public health challenge in South Africa. This study aimed to report the influence of community and the household environment, food system inventories, and food procurement on household food security. The findings alluded that food insecurity is prevalent among the rural areas in South Africa. Large household sizes and a limited access to and use of water and food storage facilities for food preservation are the major household determinants. A multi-sectoral nutrition-planning approach that accelerates the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals should be reinforced. We recommend the promotion of food production for consumption in rural communities.
Evaluating Geospatial Data Adequacy for Integrated Risk Assessments: A Malaria Risk Use Case
Authors: Petutschnig Linda , Clemen Thomas , Klaußner E. Sophia , Clemen Ulfia , Lang Stefan
Published: January 2024

International policy and humanitarian guidance emphasize the need for precise, subnational malaria risk assessments with cross-regional comparability. Spatially explicit indicator-based assessments can support humanitarian aid organizations in identifying and localizing vulnerable populations for scaling resources and prioritizing aid delivery. However, the reliability of these assessments is often uncertain due to data quality issues. This article introduces a data evaluation framework to assist risk modelers in evaluating data adequacy. We operationalize the concept of “data adequacy” by considering “quality by design” (suitability) and “quality of conformance” (reliability). Based on a use case we developed in collaboration with Médecins Sans Frontières, we assessed data sources popular in spatial malaria risk assessments and related domains, including data from the Malaria Atlas Project, a healthcare facility database, WorldPop population counts, Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) precipitation estimates, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) precipitation forecast, and Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) conflict events data. Our findings indicate that data availability is generally not a bottleneck, and data producers effectively communicate contextual information pertaining to sources, methodology, limitations and uncertainties. However, determining such data’s adequacy definitively for supporting humanitarian intervention planning remains challenging due to potential inaccuracies, incompleteness or outdatedness that are difficult to quantify. Nevertheless, the data hold value for awareness raising, advocacy and recognizing trends and patterns valuable for humanitarian contexts. We contribute a domain-agnostic, systematic approach to geodata adequacy evaluation, with the aim of enhancing geospatial risk assessments, facilitating evidence-based decisions.
Learning Daily Human Mobility with a Transformer-Based Model
Authors: Wang Weiying , Osaragi Toshihiro
Published: January 2024

The generation and prediction of daily human mobility patterns have raised significant interest in many scientific disciplines. Using various data sources, previous studies have examined several deep learning frameworks, such as the RNN and GAN, to synthesize human movements. Transformer models have been used frequently for image analysis and language processing, while the applications of these models on human mobility are limited. In this study, we construct a transformer model, including a self-attention-based embedding component and a Generative Pre-trained Transformer component, to learn daily movements. The embedding component takes regional attributes as input and learns regional relationships to output vector representations for locations, enabling the second component to generate different mobility patterns for various scenarios. The proposed model shows satisfactory performance for generating and predicting human mobilities, superior to a Long Short-Term Memory model in terms of several aggregated statistics and sequential characteristics. Further examination indicates that the proposed model learned the spatial structure and the temporal relationship of human mobility, which generally agrees with our empirical analysis. This observation suggests that the transformer framework can be a promising model for learning and understanding human movements.
Temporal Paths in Real-World Sensor Networks
Authors: Bollen Erik , Kuijpers Bart , Soliani Valeria , Vaisman Alejandro
Published: January 2024

Sensor networks are used in an increasing number and variety of application areas, like traffic control or river monitoring. Sensors in these networks measure parameters of interest defined by domain experts and send these measurements to a central location for storage, viewing and analysis. Temporal graph data models, whose nodes contain time-series data reported by the sensors, have been proposed to model and analyze these networks in order to take informed and timely decisions on their operation. Temporal paths are first-class citizens in this model and some classes of them have been identified in the literature. Queries aimed at finding these paths are denoted as (temporal) path queries. In spite of these efforts, many interesting problems remain open and, in this work, we aim at answering some of them. More concretely, we characterize the classes of temporal paths that can be defined in a sensor network in terms of the well-known Allen’s temporal algebra. We also show that, out of the 8192 possible interval relations in this algebra, only 11 satisfy two desirable properties that we define: transitivity and robustness. We show how these properties and the paths that satisfy them are relevant in practice by means of a real-world use case consisting of an analysis of salinity that appears close to the Scheldt river in Flanders, Belgium, during high tides occurring in the North Sea.
Exploring the Potential of Bioactive Peptides: From Natural Sources to Therapeutics
Authors: Purohit Kruttika , Reddy Narsimha , Sunna Anwar
Published: January 2024

Bioactive peptides, specific protein fragments with positive health effects, are gaining traction in drug development for advantages like enhanced penetration, low toxicity, and rapid clearance. This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of peptide science, covering discovery to functional characterization. Beginning with a peptidomic exploration of natural sources, the review emphasizes the search for novel peptides. Extraction approaches, including enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and specialized methods for disulfide-linked peptides, are extensively covered. Mass spectrometric analysis techniques for data acquisition and identification, such as liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, untargeted peptide analysis, and bioinformatics, are thoroughly outlined. The exploration of peptide bioactivity incorporates various methodologies, from in vitro assays to in silico techniques, including advanced approaches like phage display and cell-based assays. The review also discusses the structure–activity relationship in the context of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), ACE-inhibitory peptides (ACEs), and antioxidative peptides (AOPs). Concluding with key findings and future research directions, this interdisciplinary review serves as a comprehensive reference, offering a holistic understanding of peptides and their potential therapeutic applications.
Diffuse Cutaneous Mastocytosis: A Current Understanding of a Rare Disease
Authors: Rydz Agnieszka , Lange Magdalena , Ługowska-Umer Hanna , Sikorska Monika , Nowicki Roman J. , Morales-Cabeza Cristina , Alvarez-Twose Iván
Published: January 2024

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the expansion and accumulation of neoplastic mast cells in various tissues. Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis (DCM) is a rare and most severe form of cutaneous mastocytosis, which typically occurs in childhood. There have been reports of a familial DCM with specific gene mutations, indicating both sporadic and hereditary factors involved in its pathogenesis. DCM is associated with severe MC mediator-related symptoms and an increased risk of anaphylaxis. The diagnosis is based on the appearance of skin lesions, which typically show generalized thickening, erythroderma, blistering dermographism, and a positive Darier’s sign. Recognition, particularly in infants, is challenging due to DCMs resemblance to other bullous skin disorders. Therefore, in unclear cases, a skin biopsy is crucial. Treatment focuses on symptom management, mainly including antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers. In extremely severe cases, systemic steroids, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, phototherapy, or omalizumab may be considered. Patients should be equipped with an adrenaline autoinjector. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive review of literature data on DCM since 1962, which could help to better understand both the management and prognosis of DCM, which depends on the severity of skin lesions, intensity of mediator-related symptoms, presence of anaphylaxis, and treatment response.
Current Understanding of Human Polymorphism in Selenoprotein Genes: A Review of Its Significance as a Risk Biomarker
Authors: Ferreira Roberto Rodrigues , Carvalho Regina Vieira , Coelho Laura Lacerda , Gonzaga Beatriz Matheus de Souza , Bonecini-Almeida Maria da Gloria , Garzoni Luciana Ribeiro , Araujo-Jorge Tania C.
Published: January 2024

Selenium has been proven to influence several biological functions, showing to be an essential micronutrient. The functional studies demonstrated the benefits of a balanced selenium diet and how its deficiency is associated with diverse diseases, especially cancer and viral diseases. Selenium is an antioxidant, protecting the cells from damage, enhancing the immune system response, preventing cardiovascular diseases, and decreasing inflammation. Selenium can be found in its inorganic and organic forms, and its main form in the cells is the selenocysteine incorporated into selenoproteins. Twenty-five selenoproteins are currently known in the human genome: glutathione peroxidases, iodothyronine deiodinases, thioredoxin reductases, selenophosphate synthetase, and other selenoproteins. These proteins lead to the transport of selenium in the tissues, protect against oxidative damage, contribute to the stress of the endoplasmic reticulum, and control inflammation. Due to these functions, there has been growing interest in the influence of polymorphisms in selenoproteins in the last two decades. Selenoproteins’ gene polymorphisms may influence protein structure and selenium concentration in plasma and its absorption and even impact the development and progression of certain diseases. This review aims to elucidate the role of selenoproteins and understand how their gene polymorphisms can influence the balance of physiological conditions. In this polymorphism review, we focused on the PubMed database, with only articles published in English between 2003 and 2023. The keywords used were “selenoprotein” and “polymorphism”. Articles that did not approach the theme subject were excluded. Selenium and selenoproteins still have a long way to go in molecular studies, and several works demonstrated the importance of their polymorphisms as a risk biomarker for some diseases, especially cardiovascular and thyroid diseases, diabetes, and cancer.
Unveiling the Antiviral Properties of Panduratin A through SARS-CoV-2 Infection Modeling in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Linn Aung Khine , Manopwisedjaroen Suwimon , Kanjanasirirat Phongthon , Borwornpinyo Suparerk , Hongeng Suradej , Phanthong Phetcharat , Thitithanyanont Arunee
Published: January 2024

Establishing a drug-screening platform is critical for the discovery of potential antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we developed a platform based on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, with the aim of evaluating potential antiviral agents for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and cardiotoxicity. Cultured myocytes of iPSC-CMs and immortalized human cardiomyocyte cell line (AC-16) were primarily characterized for the expression of cardiac markers and host receptors of SARS-CoV-2. An infectivity model for the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 strain was then established. Infection modeling involved inoculating cells with SARS-CoV-2 at varying multiplicities of infection (MOIs) and then quantifying infection using immunofluorescence and plaque assays. Only iPSC-CMs, not AC16 cells, expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), and quantitative assays confirmed the dose-dependent infection of iPSC-CMs by SARS-CoV-2, unlike the uninfectable AC16 cells lacking the expression of ACE2. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assays across a concentration range. An assessment of the plant-derived compound panduratin A (panA) showed cytotoxicity at higher doses (50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) 10.09 μM) but promising antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (50% inhibition concentration (IC50) 0.8–1.6 μM), suppressing infection at concentrations 10 times lower than its CC50. Plaque assays also showed decreased viral production following panA treatment. Overall, by modeling cardiac-specific infectivity, this iPSC-cardiomyocyte platform enables the reliable quantitative screening of compound cytotoxicity alongside antiviral efficacy. By combining disease pathogenesis and pharmacology, this system can facilitate the evaluation of potential novel therapeutics, such as panA, for drug discovery applications.
Skin Protection by Carotenoid Pigments
Authors: Flieger Jolanta , Raszewska-Famielec Magdalena , Radzikowska-Büchner Elżbieta , Flieger Wojciech
Published: January 2024

Sunlight, despite its benefits, can pose a threat to the skin, which is a natural protective barrier. Phototoxicity caused by overexposure, especially to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), results in burns, accelerates photoaging, and causes skin cancer formation. Natural substances of plant origin, i.e., polyphenols, flavonoids, and photosynthetic pigments, can protect the skin against the effects of radiation, acting not only as photoprotectors like natural filters but as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory remedies, alleviating the effects of photodamage to the skin. Plant-based formulations are gaining popularity as an attractive alternative to synthetic filters. Over the past 20 years, a large number of studies have been published to assess the photoprotective effects of natural plant products, primarily through their antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anti-immunosuppressive activities. This review selects the most important data on skin photodamage and photoprotective efficacy of selected plant carotenoid representatives from in vivo studies on animal models and humans, as well as in vitro experiments performed on fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. Recent research on carotenoids associated with lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, liposomes, and micelles is reviewed. The focus was on collecting those nanomaterials that serve to improve the bioavailability and stability of carotenoids as natural antioxidants with photoprotective activity.
The Amyloid Assembly of the Bacterial Hfq Is Lipid-Driven and Lipid-Specific
Authors: Turbant Florian , Machiels Quentin , Waeytens Jehan , Wien Frank , Arluison Véronique
Published: January 2024

Under specific conditions, some proteins can self-assemble into fibrillar structures called amyloids. Initially, these proteins were associated with neurodegenerative diseases in eucaryotes. Nevertheless, they have now been identified in the three domains of life. In bacteria, they are involved in diverse biological processes and are usually useful for the cell. For this reason, they are classified as “functional amyloids”. In this work, we focus our analysis on a bacterial functional amyloid called Hfq. Hfq is a pleiotropic regulator that mediates several aspects of genetic expression, mainly via the use of small noncoding RNAs. Our previous work showed that Hfq amyloid-fibrils interact with membranes. This interaction influences Hfq amyloid structure formation and stability, but the specifics of the lipid on the dynamics of this process is unknown. Here, we show, using spectroscopic methods, how lipids specifically drive and modulate Hfq amyloid assembly or, conversely, its disassembly. The reported effects are discussed in light of the consequences for bacterial cell life.
What Is Hidden in Patients with Unknown Nephropathy? Genetic Screening Could Be the Missing Link in Kidney Transplantation Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Mitrotti Adele , Di Bari Ighli , Giliberti Marica , Franzin Rossana , Conserva Francesca , Chiusolo Anna , Gigante Maddalena , Accetturo Matteo , Cafiero Cesira , Ricciato Luisa , Stea Emma Diletta , Forleo Cinzia , Gallone Anna , Rossini Michele , Fiorentino Marco , Castellano Giuseppe , Pontrelli Paola , Gesualdo Loreto
Published: January 2024

Between 15–20% of patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) do not know the cause of the primary kidney disease and can develop complications after kidney transplantation. We performed a genetic screening in 300 patients with kidney transplantation, or undiagnosed primary renal disease, in order to identify the primary disease cause and discriminate between overlapping phenotypes. We used a custom-made panel for next-generation sequencing (Agilent technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA), including genes associated with Fabry disease, podocytopaties, complement-mediated nephropathies and Alport syndrome-related diseases. We detected candidate diagnostic variants in genes associated with nephrotic syndrome and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 29 out of 300 patients, solving about 10% of the probands. We also identified the same genetic cause of the disease (PAX2: c.1266dupC) in three family members with different clinical diagnoses. Interestingly we also found one female patient carrying a novel missense variant, c.1259C>A (p.Thr420Lys), in the GLA gene not previously associated with Fabry disease, which is in silico defined as a likely pathogenic and destabilizing, and associated with a mild alteration in GLA enzymatic activity. The identification of the specific genetic background may provide an opportunity to evaluate the risk of recurrence of the primary disease, especially among patient candidates living with a donor kidney transplant.
Understanding Complex Interplay among Different Instabilities in Multiferroic BiMn7O12 Using 57Fe Probe Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Authors: Soboleva Iana S. , Nitsenko Vladimir I. , Sobolev Alexey V. , Smirnova Maria N. , Belik Alexei A. , Presniakov Igor A.
Published: January 2024

Here, we report the results of a Mössbauer study on hyperfine electrical and magnetic interactions in quadruple perovskite BiMn7O12 doped with 57Fe probes. Measurements were performed in the temperature range of 10 K < T < 670 K, wherein BiMn6.9657Fe0.04O12 undergoes a cascade of structural (T1 ≈ 590 K, T2 ≈ 442 K, and T3 ≈ 240 K) and magnetic (TN1 ≈ 57 K, TN2 ≈ 50 K, and TN3 ≈ 24 K) phase transitions. The analysis of the electric field gradient (EFG) parameters, including the dipole contribution from Bi3+ ions, confirmed the presence of the local dipole moments pBi, which are randomly oriented in the paraelectric cubic phase (T > T1). The unusual behavior of the parameters of hyperfine interactions between T1 and T2 was attributed to the dynamic Jahn–Teller effect that leads to the softening of the orbital mode of Mn3+ ions. The parameters of the hyperfine interactions of 57Fe in the phases with non-zero spontaneous electrical polarization (Ps), including the P1 ↔ Im transition at T3, were analyzed. On the basis of the structural data and the quadrupole splitting Δ(T) derived from the 57Fe Mössbauer spectra, the algorithm, based on the Born effective charge model, is proposed to describe Ps(T) dependence. The Ps(T) dependence around the Im ↔ I2/m phase transition at T2 is analyzed using the effective field approach. Possible reasons for the complex relaxation behavior of the spectra in the magnetically ordered states (T < TN1) are also discussed.
The Association between Mid-Upper Arm Circumference and Blood Pressure in an Italian Population of School-Aged Children and Adolescents with Lipid Disorders
Authors: Martino Francesco , Niglio Tarcisio , Barillà Francesco , Martino Eliana , Paravati Vincenzo , Bassareo Pier Paolo
Published: January 2024

Background: Many anthropometric measurements have been investigated concerning their association with blood pressure (BP) in paediatric age groups. This study aims to find a relationship between mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and BP in a population of children and adolescents aged 1–18 years. Methods: 5853 subjects (2977 females and 2876 males) were studied. MUAC, body mass index (BMI), and BP were measured. The individuals in the study were subdivided and grouped by gender and type of school attended in Italy: 1–5 years (pre-school), 6–10 years (primary school), 11–13 years (secondary school), 14–18 years (high school). Results: In the age range of 6–13 years, all the subjects with MUAC > 50th percentile had systolic and diastolic BP significantly higher than children with MUAC below 50th percentile (p < 0.0001). In the age range 14–18 years, the relationship persisted only in females (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 for diastolic and systolic BP, respectively). A linear relationship was found between MUAC and BMI. Conclusions: In Italian children of both genders aged 6–13, arm distribution of body fat is strongly associated with increased systolic and diastolic BP. As such, a simple anthropometric measurement like MUAC might represent a tool to identify young subjects who are at risk for HTN.
Classification and Incidence of Heterotopic Ossifications in Relation to NSAID Prophylaxis after Elbow Trauma
Authors: Leyder Diane , Döbele Stefan , Konrads Christian , Histing Tina , Fischer Cornelius S. , Ahrend Marc-Daniel , Ziegler Patrick
Published: January 2024

Heterotopic ossification (HO) after elbow trauma can be responsible for significant motion restrictions. The study’s primary aim was to develop a new X-ray-based classification for HO of the elbow. This retrospective study analyzed elbow injury radiographs from 138 patients aged 6–85 years (mean 45.9 ± 18) who underwent operative treatment. The new classification was applied at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively. The severity of HO was graded from 0 to 4 and localization was defined as r (radial), p (posterior), u (ulnar) or a (anterior) by two observers. The patients were categorized based on injury location and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for HO prophylaxis. The correlations between the generated data sets were analyzed using Chi-square tests (χ2) with a significance level of p < 0.05. The inter- and intraobserver reliability was assessed using Cohen’s Kappa. In 50.7% of the evaluated X-rays, the formation of HO could be detected after 12 weeks, and in 60% after 6 months. The analysis showed a significant correlation between the injury’s location and the HO’s location after 12 weeks (p = 0.003). The use of an NSAID prophylaxis did not show a significant correlation with the severity of HO. The classification showed nearly perfect inter- (κ = 0.951, p < 0.001) and intrareliability (κ = 0.946, p < 0.001) according to the criteria of Landis and Koch. Based on the presented classification, the dimension and localization of HO in the X-ray image can be described in more detail compared to previously established classifications and, thus, can increase the comparability of results across studies.
Association of Longitudinal Changes in Cerebral Microstructure with Cognitive Functioning in Breast Cancer Survivors after Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Vincent Chin-Hung , Wu Yi-Fang , Tsai Yuan-Hsiung , Weng Jun-Cheng
Published: January 2024

Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer might impact cognitive function and brain structure. Methods: In this study, we investigated the cerebral microstructural changes in breast cancer survivors after adjuvant chemotherapy and the correlation with cognitive function with both cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs. All participants underwent structural MRI. In total, we recruited 67 prechemotherapy patients (BB), 67 postchemotherapy patients (BA), and 77 healthy controls (BH). For the follow-up study, 28 participants in the BH and 28 in the BB groups returned for imaging and assessment (BHF, BBF). Voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed to evaluate differences in brain volume; vertex-based shape analysis was used to assess the shape alterations of subcortical regions. Moreover, multiple regression was applied to assess the association between the changes in neuropsychological assessment and brain volume. Results: The results showed brain volume reduction in the temporal and parietal gyrus in BB and BA patients. Among each group, we also found significant shape alterations in the caudate and thalamus. Volume reductions in the temporal regions and shape changes in the caudate and hippocampus were also observed in patients from time point 1 to time point 2 (postchemotherapy). An association between brain volume and cognitive performance was also found in the limbic system. Conclusions: Based on our findings, we can provide a better understanding of the cerebral structural changes in breast cancer survivors, establish a subsequent prediction model, and serve as a reference for subsequent treatment.
Screening for Occult Transthyretin Amyloidosis in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis and Amyloid Red Flags
Authors: Jakstaite Aiste Monika , Vogel Julia Kirsten , Luedike Peter , Jánosi Rolf Alexander , Carpinteiro Alexander , Rischpler Christoph , Herrmann Ken , Rassaf Tienush , Papathanasiou Maria
Published: January 2024

Aims: The optimal strategy to identify transthyretin-type cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate if targeted screening for ATTR-CA in patients with severe AS and amyloid red flags is associated with higher detection rates. Methods: The study prospectively enrolled patients ≥65 years with severe AS. Patients who fulfilled ≥1 major (carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), ruptured biceps tendon, spinal stenosis, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide ≥1000 pg/mL, cardiac troponin >99th percentile) or ≥2 minor criteria (diastolic dysfunction ≥2 grade/lateral e’ <10 cm/s, atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular conduction disease/pacemaker) received bone scintigraphy and biochemical analysis for light chain amyloidosis. Hypertensive patients (>140/90 mmHg) and those with interventricular septal thickness (IVSd) ≤13 mm were excluded. Results: Overall, 264 patients were screened, of whom 85 were included in the analysis. Tracer uptake Perugini grade ≥1 was detected in nine patients (11%). An endomyocardial biopsy was additionally performed in four of nine patients, yielding a prevalence of 7% (n = 6). All patients with dual AS-ATTR were male. Syncope was more commonly reported in AS-ATTR patients (50% vs. 6%, p = 0.010), who also tended to have more severe hypertrophy (IVSd of 18 vs. 16 mm, p = 0.075). Pericardial effusion and CTS were more common in patients with dual pathology (67% vs. 8%, p < 0.001, and 83% vs. 24%, p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: Targeted screening for ATTR-CA in patients with AS and amyloid red flags does not yield higher detection rates than those reported previously in all comers with AS.
Temporomandibular Joint Minimally Invasive Procedures in the Pediatric Population: A Prospective Study
Authors: Ângelo David Faustino , Lopes Cláudia Sacramento , Sanz David , Faria-Teixeira Maria Cristina , Marques Rute , Maffia Francesco , Cardoso Henrique José
Published: January 2024

Over recent years, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) minimally invasive procedures, such as arthrocentesis and arthroscopy, have been appointed as an initial TMJ intra-articular treatment. Both procedures present safe and effective clinical results in managing temporomandibular disorders (TMD) by reducing pain and improving mouth opening. The use of these techniques in adults is validated in the literature. However, data on the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive TMJ interventions in pediatric patients are scarce. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of TMJ arthrocentesis and arthroscopy in the pediatric population. A prospective study was conducted at Instituto Português da Face (IPF) in Lisbon, Portugal, including patients treated for TMD from 1 June 2019 to 30 June 2023. In the present study, 26 patients (17 female and 9 male) were included, representing a total of 48 joints operated. A statistically significant reduction was observed in the primary outcome, TMJ pain, from 3.93 ± 2.80 preoperatively (mean ± SD) to 0.50 ± 1.53 (mean ± SD) postoperatively (p < 0.05). An improvement in the secondary outcome, maximum mouth opening, from 36.92 ± 8.79 preoperatively to 42.96 ± 5.07 postoperatively, was observed (p < 0.05). The overall success rate was 84.62%. This prospective study showed that TMJ arthrocentesis and arthroscopy appear to benefit pediatric patients with TMD, significantly lowering pain and improving MMO without relevant postoperative complications.
XFEM-Based Study of Fatigue Crack Propagation in Rocket Deflector Troughs under Coupled High-Temperature and Impact Conditions
Authors: Xiong Zhixin , Zhu Chengyuan , Yang Yue , Lin Tong , Li Ruoxuan
Published: January 2024

This research investigated fatigue crack propagation on the lower surface of rocket deflector troughs in offshore rocket launch platforms. Initially, a numerical model of an offshore rocket launch platform was established using ABAQUS based on the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM). Subsequently, two variable parameters—the initial crack length and initial tilt angle—were introduced. This research systematically analysed the impact of these parameters on the fatigue crack propagation patterns in both the maximum stress and maximum deformation regions of the deflector channels under the combined conditions of high temperature and impact. Finally, the research indicated that the propagation length of surface cracks in the deflector trough exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease with the rise in the pre-set inclination angle. Notably, the stable propagation rate of the crack in the region of maximum deformation surpassed that observed in the region of maximum stress. Through meticulous comparative analysis, it was evident that temperature loading significantly exacerbated the initiation and propagation of cracks, particularly in the upper region of the deflector channel’s lower surface.
Exploring the Heterogeneities in the Impacts of China’s Grassland Ecological Compensation Program
Authors: Sun Shuwei , Niu Jiamei , Wang Yujun , Yang Hongbo , Chen Xiaodong
Published: January 2024

The Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) program is an innovative approach that provides economic incentives directly to natural resource exploiters in order to shape their behavior. Although the implementation of PES programs and the context in which these programs are implemented are often different across space, the spatial heterogeneities in the impacts of PES programs are often neglected in studies. In this study, we demonstrate the spatial and temporal dynamics of the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the grassland where China’s Grassland Ecological Compensation Program (GECP) has been implemented, and we evaluate the impacts of the GECP on the NDVI. We found that most of the grassland in the GECP area showed small changes in NDVI between 2000 and 2010. On average, the GECP only had a marginal positive effect on the NDVI of grassland. Although the magnitude of impacts of the GECP was relatively small in most places where the program is implemented, we detected substantial heterogeneities in the impacts of the GECP on the NDVI. The impact of the GECP on the NDVI differed substantially, particularly between Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, and other provinces. Our findings suggest that there can be substantial heterogeneities in the impacts of PES programs across space, which can be leveraged to promote the efficacy of the GECP and many other PES programs around the world.