bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of the family situation to understand the role of anorexia symptoms
Authors: Del Sol Calderon P. , Izquierdo A. , Moreno M. García
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The objective of this poster is to show the importance of understanding the situation of the patient’s family in order to know the development and role that eating symptoms are occupying both in the patient and in the different members that make up the family

Objectives

Highlight the triggering and sustaining factors of a case of anorexia nervosa

Methods

Case Report

Results

Patient is a 14-year-old woman who begins to develop excessive concern about her body image initiating eating behaviors in the form of high restriction and counting of calories from food. Also she explains that she began to compulsively perform more than two hours a day of sports in order to lose weight Family genogram: she is an only daughter, whose parents have been separated for 4 years. Parents recognize conflictive relationship. The patient recognizes a very close relationship with her mother. When she talks about her relationship with her father, she explains how she felt very close to her father when she was young but that after the separation her father moved away. She describes that his father rebuilt his life a year ago and that he recently informed her that he is going to be a father again. She recognizes intense feelings of abandonment from her father. She acknowledges that the sense of control starting with anorexia initially helped her to feel confident about herself.

Conclusions

Understanding the origin of the symptoms and their function is essential for a better management of cases of anorexia

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Emergency psychiatry services in pandemia: Is it different than before?
Authors: Karaman İ.G. Yılmaz , Tarlacık L.D.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

After World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 disease became a pandemic; like most, people in Turkey were affected by the emotionally challenging atmosphere. Previous outbreaks negatively effected mental health, increased suicide attempts and completed suicides.

Objectives

Our study aimed to investigate psychiatry consultations from emergency service in a university hospital, to determine differencies in pandemia.

Methods

We conducted a monocenter retrospective study by examining the patients who applied to emergency servise and consulted to psychiatry department in three periods: between 11 March- 11 July, in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Patient’s sociodemographic and clinical variables were assessed.

Results

There were no difference in distributions of applicants’ following variables between periods; age, sex, marital status, experiencing a first attack or an exacerbation, or outcome treatment. Among applicants with suicide attempts, there were no difference between periods in terms of the presence of recurrent suicide attempt (χ² = 0.297 p = 0.862). While emergency admissions with behavioral disorders increased, admissions with depressive symptoms decreased. Admissions with suicide attempts were statistically significantly higher in 2020 (Table 1). Recommendation of psychiatric inpatient treatment did not change between periods, while refusal of hospitalization recommendation decreased (Table 2).

Conclusions

In our sample, emergency psychiatry admissions with behaviour disorders and suicide attempts increased in pandemic period.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Weekly and monthly patterns in suicide-related emergency care visits
Authors: Hernández-Calle D. , Bravo-Ortiz M.F.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Suicidal seeking help seeking behaviour has with associated with seasonal pattern that reflect an array of psychosocial factors. Its understanding is paramount for improving psychiatric emergency care.

Objectives

Our aim was to analyse weekly and monthly seasonality on emergency department visits due to autolytic phenomena

Methods

Daily urgency visits from suicidal phenomena (including suicide attempt and ideation) were extracted from electronic medical records of Hospital Universitario La Paz from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. A poisson multivariate model was performed with day of the week and month as covariates. Predictive margins were estimated

Results

Psychiatric emergency visits due to suicidal phenomena were less frequent in Saturday and Sunday (1.8 visits per day) than weekdays (2.5 visits per day). Peaks were observed in February and September, being April and May the months with fewer visits

Conclusions

A weekly season pattern was observed with less psychiatric emergency visits due to suicidal phenomena during weekends. They picked during colder months and were less frequent during spring time

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
A study of road rage in India
Authors: Jain P. , Mudgal V. , Niranjan V. , Pal V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Road rage is a term used to describe driving usually extreme in nature. There seems to be a multifactorial relationship between the situational characteristics of an anger provoking road situation and the feelings of anger and road behaviour.

Objectives

To examine driver anger with regards to various sociodemographic parameter.

Methods

282 participants completed an internet-based survey including sociodemographic profile, anger assessment while driving using the Deffenbacher Driver Anger Scale, details of the driving. Participants were recruited through networks of authors, institution. The survey was disseminated through social media applications and email by snowball sampling method.

Results

Mean age of the sample was 26.1 years with age group 24-29 years making half of the population. Majority sample were males (62.1%), graduates (53.2%), professionals (45.7%), urban locality based, nuclear family type. People experienced greater anger on Defenbacher likert scale for the following situations, when Someone is driving very close to your rear bumper (mean= 3.09), Someone cuts in right in front of you on the motorway(mean= 3.44), Someone cuts in and takes the parking spot(mean= 3.19), Someone coming towards you does not dim headlights at night(mean= 3.26), driving behind a vehicle smoking badly or giving off fumes(mean= 3.38).

Conclusions

The results revealed a prevalence of high anger scores amongst Indian drivers. The rage didn’t vary significantly within gender, locality, type of vehicle, however the anger scores were significantly higher in younger population. Strategies targeting at driving safety and reducing road rage should be implemented by authorities with sensitization of the drivers.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Evidence of substantial heterogeneity in the preventive effect of stricter alcohol policy environments in young Swiss men
Authors: Foster S. , Mohler-Kuo M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The alcohol policy environment was shown to exert a preventive effect on alcohol consumption. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of this effect.

Objectives

To capture the extent of heterogeneity in the relationship between the strictness of alcohol policy environments and heavy drinking and to identify potential effect modifiers.

Methods

Method: Cross-sectional data from 5986 young Swiss men participating in the cohort study on substance use risk factors (C-SURF) in Switzerland was analysed. Self-reported risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD, drinking 6 standard drinks or more on a single occasion at least monthly) in the past 12 months was the outcome of interest. A previously-used index of alcohol policy environment strictness across Swiss cantons was analysed in conjunction with 21 potential effect modifiers. Random forest machine learning and individual conditional expectations captured high-dimensional interaction effects and the heterogeneity induced by the interaction effects and identified potential effect modifiers.

Results

Subject-specific absolute risk reductions ranged from 16.8% to -4.2%, with the latter implying a risk increase. Four prototypical subgroups were evident: “preventive” (alcohol policy environment decreased RSOD risk), “causative” (alcohol policy environment increased RSOD risk), “immune” (no effect due to low RSOD baseline risk), and “doomed” (no effect due to high RSOD baseline risk). Antisocial personality disorder and sensation seeking were major effect modifiers that reduced the preventive effect of stricter alcohol policy environments.

Conclusions

Conclusion: Whereas stricter alcohol policy environments were associated with a reduced RSOD risk, adding selective prevention measures that target high-risk subpopulations is necessary.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The opportunities and challenges of working with the development of the ellipse-project before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Baran A.
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 pandemics has influenced many research and educational projects, and it influenced also ELLIPSE-project, aiming at the creation of a free online curriculum in suicide prevention for students in the higher education in Sweden, Austria, Hungary, Norway and Poland (September 2019-August 2022). The ELLIPSE (E-Lifelong Learning In Prevention of Suicide in Europe) (www.e-llipse.com) is the first international project in the area of education in suicide prevention in the higher education co-founded by the European Union Erasmus+ programme. We will reflect on some opportunities and challenges due to COVID-19 pandemics. Identified opportunities: 1) learning a new way of communicating, 2) reaching more participants (in case of Sweden we were able to get participants from more regions, 3) more frequent meetings heightening the quality of the project, 4) travelling less (online is the more eco-friendly solution). But there were also some challenges: 1) not be able to proceed according to the preliminary plan generated much more administrative work, 2) online meetings was a challenge for those partners who had problems adjusting to the online form of communication, 3) more negative attitudes to the canal of communication resulted in avoiding it, leading to less frequent interactions what resulted in diminished motivation to the project, and being unable to proceed with project tasks, 4) resignation of some patients from participation because of difficulties in accepting the online form of communication. We will discuss these issues in a more detailed way during the interactive workshop.

Disclosure

The E-Lifelong Learning In Prevention of Suicide In Europe (ELLIPSE)-project is co-funded by the European Union’s Programme Erasmus+ (Project ID: 2019-1-SE01-KA203-060571). The EU Commission’s support for this project does not mean that the Commission end
Practice guidelines for intramuscular injection in mental health: A delphi method
Authors: Legrand G. , Guiguet-Auclair C. , Boisgard S. , Traore O. , Lanquetin J.-P. , Viennet H. , Morin N. , Cardinaud Z. , Debost-Legrand A. , Bernard L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Intramuscular injections (IMI) remain a frequent practice in mental health. The available guidelines for IMI in mental health only focus on the technical side of the practices. Moreover, no recent update has been performed to improve practice of IMI in mental health

Objectives

To assess a formalized consensus agreement regarding the best practice concerning IMI in mental health and to develop practice guidelines.

Methods

A two-round Delphi method was used. The scientific committee consisted in one psychiatrist, one orthopaedic surgeon, one infection control practitioner, one hospital pharmacist, one mental health nurse, one nurse exploring care relationship and one nurse educator. From literature review, each expert proposed specific recommendations. The panel experts were asked to rate the appropriateness and the applicability in current practice of each recommendation on a 9-point Likert scale. Panel members were recruited in five mental health institutions. The first round questionnaire was emailed to each respondent on February 2020 and the second one on June. Propositions were considered appropriate and applicable in current practice if the median was >=7. Agreement among experts were judged by the statistical measure of the Interpercentile Range

Results

From the first round, 46 recommendations were retained by 49 nurses. 27 propositions were retained after this second round by 32 nurses. The scientific committee added 12 other recommendations because of their importance in the literature and clinical practice.

Conclusions

This study provides consensus-based recommendations on IMI in mental health. Nursing staff need to be educated about the new guidelines from both the theoretical and clinical perspectives

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The structure of the cognitive reserve in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sidenkova A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease is common among the modern population. Emotional support for caregivers and a stable social role contribute to the maintenance of cognitive resources in Alzheimer’s.

Objectives

To investigate the protective mechanisms that protect the brain from premature aging

Methods

Clinical, sociological

Results

Violations of the higher cerebral functions of speech, gnosis, praxis are the neuropsychological basis for the development of psychological symptoms of dementia. Speech disorders, gnosis disorders contribute to the formation of painful ideas, perception disorders, eating disorders and affective symptoms. The level of functional activity is low and does not depend on the state of severe microsocial dementia, total aphasia and apraxia. The social, work, family and marital status of caregivers for patients with moderate to severe dementia is declining. An increase in the degree of dementia can reduce the functional activity of the caregiver. Caregivers often suffer from neurotic, affective and other mental disorders. A person with dementia plays a subordinate role in the family. Changing roles in the family occurs when the patient has delusion, agitation / aggression, anxiety, unstable mood / irritability. In these cases, the interpersonal distance in the “care-patient” pair increases. Caregivers have a high level of emotional involvement in the care process. A change in the role of the family, a change in place of residence, and a high level of “expressive” emotions of the guardian negatively affect the formation of psychosis, anxiety and aberrant behavior in patients with dementia. Microsocial factors influence cognitive retention in dementia

Conclusions

Protective psychosocial factors strengthen the cognitive reserve

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Parenting with mental illness among patients presenting to a teaching hospital in Sri Lanka: Challenges and perceived care needs
Authors: Rohanachandra Y. , Amarabandu I. , Rohanachandra L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Parenting with mental illness is associated with parenting difficulties and increased mental health problems in children. Family focused interventions improve child outcomes by 40%. However, such services are not available at present in Sri Lanka.

Objectives

To assess the challenges faced and perceived needs of parents with mental illness in Sri Lanka.

Methods

A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in the adult psychiatry follow-up clinics in a Teaching Hospital in Sri Lanka. A specifically designed questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic details, difficulties with parenting and perceived care needs.

Results

Of 385 parents, 67.3% believed their mental illness impacted their parenting. Perceived impact on parenting was higher in younger parents (p<0.01), when the children were younger (p<0.01), had more children under 5 years (p<0.01) and when there was no social support (p<0.01). 67.8% of parents believed their illness impacted their children, with higher impact perceived in parents with children less than 5 years of age (p<0.05) and those with no social support (p<0.01). Although 36.4% had concerns about their children’s emotions or behaviour, only 16.4% were willing to discuss these with their doctor. The parental concerns were significantly higher where the parent was employed (p<0.01), had a longer duration of illness (p<0.01) and when the youngest child was more than 12 years (p<0.01)

Conclusions

Mental illness in parents had a substantial impact on parenting and their children but professionals help was rarely sought. Services aimed at the specific needs of these parents should be developed.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The importance of psychological support for end-stage renal disease dialyzed patients
Authors: Regaya M. , Amamou B. , Boukhris C. , Gaha L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients have difficult and challenging lifestyle due to the burden of the disease that, leads to numerous psychological issues. Regardless, healthcare providers usually focus on the somatic side and don’t take care of the psychological dimension.

Objectives

Determine the effect of psychological support on the wellbeing of patients with ESRD.

Methods

A survey sheet including sociodemographic and clinical data were distributed to two different groups. Psychological counseling was given to one of the groups, and wasn’t given to the other one.

Results

Patients not receiving psychological support had higher levels of anxious and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideations compared to the group receiving psychological support that had lower levels of anxious, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation.

Conclusions

ESRD patients are at risk of developing all sorts of psychological issues. Which underlines the importance of the psychological support associated to the appropriate somatic care.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Reforming cap training in latvia: Nowhere to go but up
Authors: Bezborodovs N.
Published: February 2022

There is still substantial variation in the amount, structure and quality of child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) training across European countries, both in the training process of general adult psychiatry and CAP specialists. Inconsistency, scarcity and low quality of CAP exposure has been consistently identified by psychiatric trainees as one of major issues in organization of training. In the decades of independence, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Latvia has witnessed a gradual decline in the number of CAP specialists in the country due to chronically low recruitment rates, that has subsequently led to a critical human resource deficit in the field, and rapid deterioration of availability and quality of CAP care. Only since the year 2018, when the normative regulation, structure and contents of CAP training in Latvia have been significantly reformed, there was a change in recruitment trends, that gives hope for resolution of the human resource crisis in the CAP field in the years to come. In this talk the author will share his experience of redesigning the CAP training program in Latvia, and discuss the motivations, challenges and successes one might face while trying to improve CAP training in a particular European country.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Comparison of developmental trauma between immigrant and non-immigrant psychotic patients
Authors: Trabsa A. , Llimona A. , Vargas L. , Casanovas F. , Martín M. , Valiente A. , Moreno A. , Amann B. , Pérez-Solà V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Meta-analytic evidence suggests that migrants have higher risk for psychotic disorders. Likewise, growing evidence relate developmental trauma (emotional, sexual, physical abuse and neglect in childhood or adolescence) as a causal factor for psychotic symptoms. However, few studies examine developmental trauma in migrant populations.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to describe and compare developmental trauma exposure prevalence between immigrant and non-immigrant psychotic patients in Barcelona.

Methods

Patients who have presented, according DSM-V criteria, one or more non-affective psychotic episodes, were recruited in Acute and Chronic inpatients units at Hospital del Mar (Barcelona), leading to a total sample of 77 patients. Demographic characteristics of patients, clinical data and main pharmacological treatment were recorded through a questionnaire. Developmental trauma exposure was assessed by Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Comparative analysis was performed with IBM SPSS using Chi-Square Test and t-Student test.

Results

From a total of 77 patients, 43 were immigrants and 34 were non-immigrants. Exposure to traumatic events showed significant differences between immigrants and non-immigrant in Child emotional abuse (64,4% immigrants, 35,3% non-immigrant), Child physical abuse (51,2% immigrants, 14,7% non-immigrant), Child Sexual Abuse (41,9% immigrants, 11,8% non-immigrant) and physical neglect (62,8% immigrants, 26,5% non-immigrant). Emotional neglect exposure was no significant between both groups. Total mean CTQ score was 37,53 in immigrants group and 52,60 in non-immigrant group.

Conclusions

According to our results, there are important and significant differences in developmental trauma exposure between immigrant and non-immigrant psychotic patients. These results should be considered by clinicians in order to design assessment program for this population.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) in daily clinical practice: Structure, benefits and limitations
Authors: Krzoska C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID) alone does not predict the level of required care, functional outcomes or limitations in social and occupational participation. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a taxonomy of health and health-related domains. It provides a common language and framework for describing the level of functioning of a person within their unique environment. Furthermore, it helps to describe health problems of a person in line with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).

Objective

Introducing the ICF taxonomy exemplary in the care of individuals with ID and mental health problems in Germany.

Method

Comparison of the ICF’s comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to assess an individual’s level of functioning and care in relation to assessing the needs of persons with ID based on clinical experience.

Results

The ICF provides a standardised assessment instrument to determine individual functional needs for the care, rehabilitation and societal integration of individuals with disabilities, which is a statutory requirement in many European countries.

Conclusion

Using the ICF for the assessment and management of patients with chronic health conditions, mental disorders and ID can help to accurately define individual therapeutic goals and monitor functional outcomes. A comprehensive narrative description of the patient’s functional status and clinical needs is comparatively time-consuming, requires greater effort by the assessing clinician and carries a higher risk of omission of pertinent functional domains; furthermore, a single ICF item confers little additional benefit to the patient in terms of the treatment or care they subsequently receive.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Therapy of breast cancer patients with disorders of the anxiety-depressive spectrum
Authors: Shushpanova T. , Shushpanova O.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. The problem of mental health and quality of life of patients is currently particularly relevant. Most patients with breast cancer in the process of adapting to the disease experience certain mental disorders: depressive, anxiety-phobic and psychosomatic disorders.

Objectives

To study the severity of anxiety-depressive disorders in the clinical picture in patients with breast cancer and evaluate the effectiveness of specialized pharmacotherapy using antidepressants in combination with antitumor therapy.

Methods

The study included 30 patients with a first established diagnosis of breast cancer and 52 patients with a follow-up history of 3-17 years. The main method of work was the clinical, psychopathological, and statistical research methods (a method using contingency tables and the Fechner coefficient, a method - Chi-square test).

Results

To assess the severity in the clinical picture of anxiety-depressive tendencies and the effectiveness of treatment, special scales were used: hospital scale of anxiety and depression (HADS); general clinical impression scale (CGI) for assessing disease severity (CGI-S “severity”) and improvement (CGI-I “improvement”). High antidepressant therapy efficacy indicators were obtained in combination with benzodiazepine drugs and hypnotics in a group of patients with anxiety-depressive nosogenia (15 patients, 88% of respondents with reduction in starting anxiety and depression scores HADS more than 50%, CGI 85%), in the group with chronic hypochondriac dysthymia and cyclotymic endoform depression.

Conclusions

The data obtained in the study confirm the effectiveness of psychopharmacotherapy with antidepressants in breast cancer patients with identified disorders of the anxiety-depressive spectrum.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Depressive disorder vs histrionic personality disorder. Report of a case
Authors: Moreno F. Cartas , Barea M. ValverDe
Published: February 2022

Introduction

In daily clinical practice we use to make diagnoses in first consultations, but sometimes it is more complicated, requiring a cross-sectional study of the evolution of the case.In daily clinical practice we use to make diagnoses in first consultations, but sometimes it is more complicated, requiring a cross-sectional study of the evolution of the case.

Objectives

44-year-old woman. Married and mother of one child. She has an hospitalization for alcohol dependence in the context of depressive syndrome. The patient attends the consultation regularly, presenting in the foreground alcohol consumption with evasive characteristics due to hypothymic mood. Many pharmacological approaches are tried with poor tolerance, as well as referral to an alcohol cessation unit. After that, it requires new income where partial disorientation is observed.

Methods

A CT scan is performed and is reported as normal.

Results

In admissions, family-type interventions are performed to reduce accompanying family dysfunction. The evolution is torpid, with the appearance of dysfunctional hysteromorphic personality traits, with childish demands and refusal to go to prescribed consultations. Tendency to confabulation and demonstrative attitudes in the family context, which yield with hospitalization, presenting an absence of disruptive behaviors in the hospital context, but it does seem to present brain alterations due to alcoholism. It is sent home with appropriate indications.

Conclusions

Sometimes, a detailed investigation and follow-up of a case, in this case by way of admission, may result in a different diagnosis than the previous one, which entails a different management.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Association between appearance schemas and personality traits
Authors: Maia B. , Marques M. , Carvalho F.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Personality traits play are related to many forms of psychological distress, such as body dissatisfaction.

Objectives

To explore the associations between appearance schemas and personality traits.

Methods

494 university students (80.2% females; 99.2% single), with a mean age of 20.17 years old (SD=1.77; range:18-20), filled in the Appearance Schemas Inventory-Revised, the NEO-Personality Inventory, and the Composite Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale.

Results

A significant difference was found in Self-evaluation Salience scores by sex [females (M=37.99,SD=7.82); males (M=35.36,SD=6.60);t(489)=-3.052,p=.002]. Having conducted correlations separately, by sex, Self-Evaluation Salience was correlated with Concern Over Mistakes (r=.27), Doubts about Actions (r=.35), and Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism (r=.23). For females, Self-evaluation Salience was correlated with Concern Over Mistakes (r=.34), Personal Standards (r=.25), Doubts about Actions (r=.33), Parental Expectations (r=.24), Parental Criticism (r=.24), Organization (r=.11), Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism (r=.31), Self-Oriented Perfectionism (r=.32), and Neuroticism (r=.33). Concerning Motivational Salience, in the total sample (not separately, by sex), this scale/dimension significantly correlated with Conscientiousness (r=. 18), Personal Standards (r=.23), Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism (r=. 10), and Self-Oriented Perfectionism (r=.29).

Conclusions

Females seem to value more their self-appearance and, in females, the salience of appearance in life seems to be associated with maladaptive-perfectionism, as well as with adaptive-perfectionism. In males, the salience of appearance was only related with adaptive perfectionism. Males seem more concerned with their own standards, while for females other´s standards are also relevant. In females the level of salience of appearance in life seems to relate to the experience of feelings, such as anxiety/depression (neuroticism). The motivation to improve appearance seemed to be particularly related, in both sex, to adaptive perfectionism.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Hardiness as a resource of military personnel professional activity
Authors: Novikova Y. , Boyarinov D. , Gubaidulina L. , Kachina A. , Barabanshchikova V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The activity of military personnel is associated with risk and tension which can affect both physical and mental health. Hardiness reflects certain characteristics of a person that can motivate them to take an active part in overcoming difficult circumstances. Thou we considering Hardiness is a resource for the reliability of professional activity. The study was supported by the RFBR #19-013-00799.

Objectives

Research of Hardiness as a military personnel professional reliability resource.

Methods

The research involved 315 participants, male. Average age 20.12 years (min – 18, max – 32). The participants completed 3 standardized questionnaires: The Occupational Stress Survey (Leonova, 2006), The 16 PF Questionnaire (rus. version, Kapustina (eds.), 2001), Hardiness Survey (rus. ver. by Leontiev, Rasskazova, 2006).

Results

In our study Hardiness value was above-average (M = 101.3; SD = 15.96). Correlation analysis revealed a direct relationship between Hardiness and “Reliability of professional activity” (M = 0; SD = 1) – Chronic stress, Emotional Stability, Motivational Distortion, Apprehensiveness (p = 0.0001; r = 0.678). It also appeared that Hardiness is a predisposition factor of professional reliability activity (adj. R2=0.539). Correlation analysis also revealed an inverse correlation between Hardiness and Chronic stress (p = 0.0001; r = -0.730).

Conclusions

Thus Hardiness is a resource for the reliability of professional activity. These results can be used in practice for performing trainings to support specialists and help them develop resources for reliability of professional activity.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
“Just do it tomorrow”: Procrastination in Tunisian university students
Authors: Alaya M. Ben , Ouali U. , Bouguira E. , Zgueb Y. , Youssef S. Ben , Nacef F.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Procrastination is a common phenomenon among students, defined by the tendency to delay tasks. Procrastination can have a negative impact not only on academic achievement but also on other areas of life.

Objectives

To assess students’ level of procrastination and associated psychological factors

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in students from three different universities: a medical school, a law school and an engineering school. Socio-demographic, clinical and academic data were collected. Procrastination was assessed using the Pure Procrastination Scale. We further administered the Short Version of the impulsive behaviour scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Perfectionism scale, and the one item Self-esteem Scale.

Results

Our sample consisted of 1019 students. The mean age was 22 ± 2.25 years, 62% were females and almost 70% were single. The mean level of procrastination was 35 ± 10.42. Procrastination was positively correlated with impulsivity (r= 0.37 p=0.00) and perfectionism (r= 1.32 p= 0.00) and negatively correlated with life satisfaction (r= -0.22 p = 0.00) and self-esteem (r= - 0.12 p= 0.00).

Conclusions

The level of procrastination was relatively high in our study population. As described in the literature, impulsiveness and perfectionism were closely and positively related to procrastination, whereas higher procrastination scores were linked to lower quality of life and self-esteem. Our findings underline the need for counselling services with a focus on procrastination for university students.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Music and emotion
Authors: Silva I. Carneiro , Gouveia A. , Dalagna G. , Oliveira J.M. , Carvalho P. , Costa R. , Gama J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Music has been said to be emotion’s language. Research confirms a link between music structure and triggered emotions.

Objectives

To assess the relationship between selected music excerpts and the emotions trigged, in order that the former will be used in future research.

Methods

An anonymous study was performed in April 2019 on 65 subjects of both sexes, aged 19-
33 (mean=21,09; SD=3,05).Subjects listened 4 excerpts of music, believed to be related either to excitement or to calmness, and answered to a questionary on emotion’s triggered by each exposure.

Results

Regarding to the music excerpts that were believed to induce excitement 80% of the subjects mentioned exciting emotions, 78% enjoyed the music while 78% didn’t knew them. For the ones that were believed to induce calmness 69% of the subjects mentioned calm emotions, 84% enjoyed the music and 62% didn’t knew the music. In an excerpt of music related to calmness, we observed association between knowing the music and the emotion trigged (p=0,027). The triggered emotion responses were independent of liking the music (P>0,05).

Conclusions

In our study, independent of liking the music, the participants reported to have perceived the expected emotions triggered by musical excerpts, showing this to be a phenomenon related to music structure. Calmness perception may be also influenced by previous knowledge of the music and related experiences. The role of individual perceptions will be looked for in following studies.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Human type 2 macrophages biologically active soluble products in the editing of stress-induced depressive-like behavior
Authors: Markova E. , Shevela E. , Knyazheva M. , Savkin I. , Amstislavskaya T. , Ostanin A. , Chernykh E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

In the scientific world widely discussed phenomenon of “cytokine-induced depression”. Macrophages have high plasticity and are able to control the inflammatory response; in particular, anti-inflammatory type-2 macrophages have a pronounced potential due to complex soluble factors production.

Objectives

We have developed an original method for the type-2 macrophages generation; the resulting macrophages are characterized by the high level of a whole range of neurotrophic, neuroprotective, proangiogenic and anti-inflammatory factors production. The aim of the study was to investigate effects of human type-2 macrophages soluble products on behavioral phenotype and brain cytokines synthesis in depressive-like animals.

Methods

Type-2 macrophages were generated by culturing an adherent fraction of mononuclear cells with 50 ng/ml recombinant human GM-CSF in serum deprivation conditions for 7 days. (CBA x C57Bl/6)F1 depressive-like male mice, developed under the long-term social stress, were undergoing the human type-2 macrophages conditioned medium intranasal administration (60 ml twice daily for one animal) for 6 days. Mice behavioral phenotyping was carried out using an automatic registration system (Noldus Information Technology). Cytokines were determined by ELISA.

Results

Depressive-like mice behavioral phenotyping after type-2 macrophages conditioned medium administration revealed anhedonia decrease, motor activity stimulation in the open field and forced swimming tests, anxiety reduction in elevated plus maze. Behavioral changes were recorded against the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL- 6, INFγ) decrease in striatum and hippocampus, as well as anti-inflammatory IL- 10 increase in hippocampus and hypothalamus.

Conclusions

Results demonstrated the effectiveness of human type-2 macrophages biologically active soluble products in relation to the stress-induced depressive-like behavior editing

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The role of inflammation in pathogenesis of juvenile schizophrenia
Authors: Zozulya S. , Omelchenko M. , Otman I. , Yakimets A. , Sarmanova Z. , Kaleda V. , Klyushnik T.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Inflammation is now known to be a key factor in the development of schizophrenia. In this regard, the study of the pathogenic role of inflammation in the early stages of schizophrenic process is of particular importance, making it possible to assess its activity and to predict the development of the disease.

Objectives

To compare the dynamics of inflammatory markers in blood of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and people at risk signs for schizophrenia in the course of the treatment. Juvenile depression (JD) with attenuated symptoms of schizophrenic spectrum (ASSS) was investigated as a risk group.

Methods

The patients aged 17-25 years (20 people, of which 10 FEP patients (F20) and 10 JD with ASSS ones (F32.1-2, F32.38, F32.8)) were examined at admission to the hospital and at discharge. The controls consisted of 10 healthy volunteers. Symptom severity was collected using PANSS, SOPS, SANS, HDRS. The inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, leukocyte elastase (LE), CRP, α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI), anti-S100-beta antibodies) were determined in blood.

Results

An increase of inflammatory markers in both groups compared to controls was found (p<0,05). The highest values of IL-6, LE, CRP, α1-PI and anti-S100-beta antibodies in FEP patients were revealed (p=0,03). After the treatment, the positive trend of inflammatory markers in FEP patients (p<0,05), but not in JD with ASSS patients was detected (except LE activity, p<0,05).

Conclusions

The results confirm the pathogenic role of inflammation in the development of endogenous mental disorders. The inflammatory markers studied reflect the activity of the pathological process in the early stages of schizophrenia.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Joint care of parents and infants in perinatal psychiatry
Authors: Sutter-Dallay A.-L.
Published: February 2022

Abstract Body

In the perinatal period, about 15-20 % of women will present a mental health disorder. These disorders, as with all sources of psychological and physical stress in early childhood, especially the poor quality of parent-child relationships, are widely involved in predicting poor mental health in adulthood. The economic cost of perinatal mental health, corollary of this human cost, evaluated in 2014 would amount to £GBP 8.1 billion per annual birth cohort according to a UK report. This report highlights another fundamental element: 3/4 of the costs are associated with the deleterious consequences of parental psychological disorders on child development. The mechanisms involved in the relationship between parental psychiatric disorders and child development are complex. On the other hand, the influence of parental characteristics on the future of children can vary depending on social determinants such as familial income level. During the perinatal period, parental mental health represents one of the keys to the infant development. Perinatal psychiatry allows a dual approach essential to deal with the complexity of perinatal psychiatry care, combining a curative aim (care of the parent) and a preventive one (preventing the risk of dysfunction in the process of becoming parents, in parent-child relationships and of impaired child developement). This intervention wil discuss how this interactive circle must be supported by perinatal mental health policies, of which the joint care of parents and infants (from parent-child psychotherapy to joint mother-baby hospitalisation) in perinatal psychiatry is a pivotal element.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The end-world delusion with religious content, apocalyptic variant
Authors: Borisova O. , Kopeyko G. , Gedevani E. , Orehova P.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Diagnostics of Apocalyptic variant of end-world Delusion with Religious Content (ADRC) in schizophrenia is related with insufficient exploration and recognizability, despite the severity of the state, social risks and resistance to psychopharmacotherapy.

Objectives

To define psychopathological and phenomenological features of ADRC in schizophrenia, to identify the clinical dynamics of delusional disorders due to specifics of the delusional behavior, and to develop diagnostic and prognostic criteria.

Methods

28 patients with ADRC in schizophrenia were examined (ICD-10: F20.0, F20.01, F20.02). Clinical-psychopathological and statistical methods were applied.

Results

Delusional ideas of end-world, Apocalyptic variant, occurred in the structure of affective-delusional state (acute sensual delusion with fantastic content). Two types of ADRC were identified: with the predominance of acute sensory delusions of perception and with the predominance of visual-figurative delusions of the imagination. These types differed in the severity and depth of psychotic manifestations and in the specifics of a delusion formation, were characterized by the mono- or polythematic delusional disorders.

Conclusions

Cases of ADRC differ both in the clinical-psychopathological specifics of delusional constructions, and in the socio-behavioral aspect. Among these cases, there is a high risk of delusional destructive behavior, with auto-aggressive, suicidal attempts and hetero-aggressive behavior. In cases with ADRC the strong persistence of delusional pseudo-religious beliefs occurs, with the refusal of any medical and psychological assistance, as well as implication of socially dangerous acts associated with the spread of delusional ideas and their induction of religiously inclined persons, which leads to the emergence of pathological pseudoreligiosity (distortion of traditional canonical religious views).

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The varieties of delusional syndrome of possession in schizophrenia
Authors: Borisova O. , Kopeyko G. , Gedevani E. , Samsonov I. , Kaleda V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Delusional Syndrome of Possession in schizophrenia (DSPS) is insufficiently explored. Although it characterized by significant severity of clinical state and resistance to psychopharmacotherapy, and may be accompanied by high social risks.

Objectives

To carry out clinical and psychopathological differentiation of DSPS and to define its personalized diagnostic and prognostic criteria.

Methods

66 patients with DSPS were observed (F20.0, F20.01, F20.02 according to ICD-10) by psychopathological, psychometrical and statistical methods.

Results

Persistent delusional conviction of patient in invasion of certain «spiritual being» (demonic or divine) inside of the body and soul is the specific core of DSPS. The psychotic episode with DSPS has similar pattern with paranoid syndrome of Kandinsky–Clérambault. Although, the structure of the syndrome is varying, and characterized by predominance of hallucinatory or delusion symptoms. According to these varieties two different types of DSPS were identified, which were observed in continuous or paroxysmal course of disease. The forms of destructive delusional behavior were also different for both of these types.

Conclusions

Delusional Syndrome of Possession in schizophrenia (DSPS) is complex and diverse phenomenon, due to religious content of delusional disorders, which occurs in specific psychopathological structure of psychotic state. This fact may cause controversy both in psychiatric practice and in religious communities. So, the obtained data could be important for social and treatment predicting, as well as for pastoral counseling.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Ayahuasca potential benefits
Authors: Pinilla R. , Rodriguez C. , Batet-Sanchez D. , Ordoñez B.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Ayahusca has potential therapeutic beneffits.

Objectives

Expose the potential beneffits of ayahuasca from neuropharmacology and clinical existing evidence.

Methods

A literature review was carried out in the databases pubmed, clinical key and texts of scientific dissemination.

Results

There´s scientific literature about the potential therapeutic use of ayahuasca in dependencies, anxiety symtoms and depression, near death experiences and terminal illnesses. Possible benefit is postulated in impulsivity and personality disorders. It induces an introspective state, triggered by thoughts, emotions and autobiographical memories, which promotes reflection on personal issues, allowing new perspectives on certain life issues. It is common for users to describe it as analogous to a psychotherapeutic intervention. 5HTA2 agonists stimulate the expression of genes that encode transcription factors such as c-fos, egr 1, egr 2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which influence neuronal plasticity and are associated with cognitive aspects such as memory and attention. MAOIs and 5HT2A agonism have anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Sigma -1 agonism promotes neuroplasticity. Decrease and remission in the consumption of alcohol and cocaine has been reported in patients with abuse and dependence. There has been significant decrease in depressive symptomatology, in observational studies, cases and controls and double blind compared with placebo. Improvement in different domains measured with mindfulness scales, similar to those observed in meditators, suggests an association between mindfulness techniques and experiences with ayahuasca.

Conclusions

There is existing evidence about potential therapeutical uses of ayahuasca. More studies are needed with biger samples, to establish it´s clinical use.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.