bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotational Failure of Rubble-pile Bodies: Influences of Shear and Cohesive Strengths
Authors: Zhang Yun , Richardson Derek C. , Barnouin Olivier S. , Michel Patrick , Schwartz Stephen R. , Ballouz Ronald-Louis
Published: April 2018

The shear and cohesive strengths of a rubble-pile asteroid could influence the critical spin at which the body fails and its subsequent evolution. We present results using a soft-sphere discrete element method to explore the mechanical properties and dynamical behaviors of self-gravitating rubble piles experiencing increasing rotational centrifugal forces. A comprehensive contact model incorporating translational and rotational friction and van der Waals cohesive interactions is developed to simulate rubble-pile asteroids. It is observed that the critical spin depends strongly on both the frictional and cohesive forces between particles in contact; however, the failure behaviors only show dependence on the cohesive force. As cohesion increases, the deformation of the simulated body prior to disruption is diminished, the disruption process is more abrupt, and the component size of the fissioned material is increased. When the cohesive strength is high enough, the body can disaggregate into similar-size fragments, which could be a plausible mechanism to form asteroid pairs or active asteroids. The size distribution and velocity dispersion of the fragments in high-cohesion simulations show similarities to the disintegrating asteroid P/2013 R3, indicating that this asteroid may possess comparable cohesion in its structure and experience rotational fission in a similar manner. Additionally, we propose a method for estimating a rubble pile’s friction angle and bulk cohesion from spin-up numerical experiments, which provides the opportunity for making quantitative comparisons with continuum theory. The results show that the present technique has great potential for predicting the behaviors and estimating the material strengths of cohesive rubble-pile asteroids.
Hybrid Stars in the Light of GW170817
Authors: Nandi Rana , Char Prasanta
Published: April 2018

We have studied the effect of the tidal deformability constraint given by the binary neutron star merger event GW170817 on the equations of state (EOS) of hybrid stars. The EOS are constructed by matching the hadronic EOS described by the relativistic mean-field model and parameter sets NL3, TM1, and NL3ωρ with the quark matter EOS described by the modified MIT bag model, via a Gibbs construction. It is found that the tidal deformability constraints along with the lower bound on the maximum mass (M
max = 2.01 ± 0.04 M
⊙) significantly limits the bag model parameter space (

, a
4). We also obtain upper limits on the radius of 1.4 M
⊙ and 1.6 M
⊙ stars as R
1.4 ≤ 13.2–13.5 km and R
1.6 ≤ 13.2–13.4 km, respectively, for the different hadronic EOS considered here.
El género Akymnopellis Shelley, 2008 (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) en Chile
Authors: Vega-Román Emmanuel , Hugo Ruiz Víctor , Arancibia-Ávila Patricia
Published: April 2018

El orden Scolopendromorpha en Chile está representado por las familias Cryptopidae y Scolopendridae, conteniendo a los géneros Cryptops Leach, 1815 y Akymnopellis Shelley, 2008, respectivamente. Hasta el 2008 la distribución conocida del género Akymnopellis se extendía desde Atacama a Valdivia. Sin embargo, estudios posteriores indican una distribución del género más amplia. Nuestros resultados muestran el primer registro insular, nuevos registros continentales y una ampliación del rango de distribución del género en el país. Se entrega una clave de identificación para las especies del Género Akymnopellis.
A review on need for a caring economics with special reference to Sri Lanka
Authors: Divassini P. , Manjaree H. M. S.
Published: April 2018

The aim of the survey is to find out the need of caring economics which focuses on the caring economic practices in the context of Sri Lanka. Basically, Caring Economics provides a genuine caring for people and nature as the uppermost priority in an economic system. The study contains a systematic literature review on caring economics that is urgently needed by policymakers and business leaders to foster personal, business, and national economic success. The conventional indicators of economic health in Sri Lanka such as unemployment rate do give absolute value of life-sustaining activities of household economy, unpaid economy, and natural economy. As the outcome of the study, it is found that there is a need for caring economics with the concern of rapidly changing technological changes and social conditions in Sri Lanka.
The impact of promotional strategies of pharmaceutical companies on doctor’s recommendation of branded drugs: an empirical study on pharmaceutical industry in Sri Lanka
Authors: Punchibandara M. M. T.
Published: April 2018

The study was focused on selected promotional strategies such as medical detailing, providing scientific materials, Sponsorships, continuous medical education programs (CME), and sponsoring clinical meetings conducted by the pharmaceutical companies in order to get recommendations of their products. As a sample, 150 doctors from Colombo, Kandy and Galle, were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used to analyze the data. Correlation analysis and multiple regressions were used to test the relationship among the independent and dependent variables. The statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant influence of promotional strategies used by pharmaceutical companies on the recommendation of branded drugs by doctors.  Further, it was found that each promotional strategy has different degree of impact on recommendation of branded drugs. Detailing and sampling have significant impact but it is relatively low compared to other factors like continuous meetings, scientific materials and CME.
Netting Neutrophils Activate Autoreactive B Cells in Lupus
Authors: Gestermann Nicolas , Di Domizio Jeremy , Lande Roberto , Demaria Olivier , Frasca Loredana , Feldmeyer Laurence , Di Lucca Julie , Gilliet Michel
Published: April 2018

Lupus erythematosus (LE) patients develop autoantibodies that form circulating immune complexes (ICs) with extracellular self-nucleic acids. These ICs are deposited into peripheral tissues, where they trigger detrimental organ inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that ICs contain LL37–DNA complexes derived from neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and that LE patients develop pathogenic autoantibodies against these structures, including Abs to LL37. However, the mechanism that leads to the generation of these Abs is unknown. In this study, we show that NETs directly trigger Ab production by human memory B cells. This occurs via LL37–DNA complexes present in NETs, which have the unique ability to gain access to endosomal compartments of B cells and to trigger TLR9 activation. In LE patients, NET-derived LL37–DNA complexes trigger polyclonal B cell activation via TLR9, but also specifically expand self-reactive memory B cells producing anti-LL37 Abs in an Ag-dependent manner. These findings suggest a unique link between neutrophils and B cells in which NETs trigger a concerted activation of TLR9 and BCR leading to anti-NET autoantibody production in lupus.
Early Antiretroviral Therapy Preserves Functional Follicular Helper T and HIV-Specific B Cells in the Gut Mucosa of HIV-1–Infected Individuals
Authors: Planchais Cyril , Hocqueloux Laurent , Ibanez Clara , Gallien Sébastien , Copie Christiane , Surenaud Mathieu , Kök Ayrin , Lorin Valérie , Fusaro Mathieu , Delfau-Larue Marie-Hélène , Lefrou Laurent , Prazuck Thierry , Lévy Michael , Seddiki Nabila , Lelièvre Jean-Daniel , Mouquet Hugo , Lévy Yves , Hüe Sophie
Published: April 2018

HIV-1 infection is associated with B cell dysregulation and dysfunction. In HIV-1–infected patients, we previously reported preservation of intestinal lymphoid structures and dendritic cell maturation pathways after early combination antiretroviral therapy (e-ART), started during the acute phase of the infection, compared with late combination antiretroviral therapy started during the chronic phase. In this study, we investigated whether the timing of combination antiretroviral therapy initiation was associated with the development of the HIV-1–specific humoral response in the gut. The results showed that e-ART was associated with higher frequencies of functional resting memory B cells in the gut. These frequencies correlated strongly with those of follicular Th cells in the gut. Importantly, frequencies of HIV-1 Env gp140–reactive B cells were higher in patients given e-ART, in whom gp140-reactive IgG production by mucosal B cells increased after stimulation. Moreover, IL-21 release by PBMCs stimulated with HIV-1 peptide pools was greater with e-ART than with late combination antiretroviral therapy. Thus, early treatment initiation helps to maintain HIV-1–reactive memory B cells in the gut as well as follicular Th cells, whose role is crucial in the development of potent affinity-matured and broadly neutralizing Abs.
HLA-B*39:06 Efficiently Mediates Type 1 Diabetes in a Mouse Model Incorporating Reduced Thymic Insulin Expression
Authors: Schloss Jennifer , Ali Riyasat , Racine Jeremy J. , Chapman Harold D. , Serreze David V. , DiLorenzo Teresa P.
Published: April 2018

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by T cell–mediated destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreatic islets. Among the loci associated with T1D risk, those most predisposing are found in the MHC region. HLA-B*39:06 is the most predisposing class I MHC allele and is associated with an early age of onset. To establish an NOD mouse model for the study of HLA-B*39:06, we expressed it in the absence of murine class I MHC. HLA-B*39:06 was able to mediate the development of CD8 T cells, support lymphocytic infiltration of the islets, and confer T1D susceptibility. Because reduced thymic insulin expression is associated with impaired immunological tolerance to insulin and increased T1D risk in patients, we incorporated this in our model as well, finding that HLA-B*39:06–transgenic NOD mice with reduced thymic insulin expression have an earlier age of disease onset and a higher overall prevalence as compared with littermates with typical thymic insulin expression. This was despite virtually indistinguishable blood insulin levels, T cell subset percentages, and TCR Vβ family usage, confirming that reduced thymic insulin expression does not impact T cell development on a global scale. Rather, it will facilitate the thymic escape of insulin-reactive HLA-B*39:06–restricted T cells, which participate in β cell destruction. We also found that in mice expressing either HLA-B*39:06 or HLA-A*02:01 in the absence of murine class I MHC, HLA transgene identity alters TCR Vβ usage by CD8 T cells, demonstrating that some TCR Vβ families have a preference for particular class I MHC alleles.
Antigen-Induced but Not Innate Memory CD8 T Cells Express NKG2D and Are Recruited to the Lung Parenchyma upon Viral Infection
Authors: Grau Morgan , Valsesia Séverine , Mafille Julien , Djebali Sophia , Tomkowiak Martine , Mathieu Anne-Laure , Laubreton Daphné , de Bernard Simon , Jouve Pierre-Emmanuel , Ventre Erwan , Buffat Laurent , Walzer Thierry , Leverrier Yann , Marvel Jacqueline
Published: April 2018

The pool of memory-phenotype CD8 T cells is composed of Ag-induced (AI) and cytokine-induced innate (IN) cells. IN cells have been described as having properties similar to those of AI memory cells. However, we found that pathogen-induced AI memory cells can be distinguished in mice from naturally generated IN memory cells by surface expression of NKG2D. Using this marker, we described the increased functionalities of AI and IN memory CD8 T cells compared with naive cells, as shown by comprehensive analysis of cytokine secretion and gene expression. However, AI differed from IN memory CD8 T cells by their capacity to migrate to the lung parenchyma upon inflammation or infection, a process dependent on their expression of ITGA1/CD49a and ITGA4/CD49d integrins.
Assessing the financial implications of quality management system accreditation on small training providers in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Zondo Robert W.D.
Published: April 2018

Background: A quality management system (QMS) in education and training is designed in accordance with industry quality models of ISO 9001. Its techniques ensure quality in skills development. However, training providers incur significant costs to obtain QMS accreditation. Therefore, the discourse on the economic effect of QMS accreditation in small training providers is crucial. Aim: This paper investigates the influence of QMS accreditation on the financial performance of small training providers in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Setting: The South African Qualification Authority (SAQA) is a statutory body, regulated in terms of the National Qualification Framework (NQF) Act No. 67 of 2008 to oversee the development and implementation of the NQF. They are responsible for accrediting 21 sector-based Education and Training Quality Authorities (ETQAs) for the purpose of monitoring and auditing training achievements in terms of the national standards and qualifications. Methods: For this study to achieve its objectives, the ETQAs belonging to 12 different Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAs) provided the sample frame of accredited training providers in KZN. The SETAs are responsible for administering education and training within their industrial sectors. Of the 89 small training providers, 81 participated in the study. Descriptive and correlation analysis were used to test the two objectives. That is, to examine whether the management and marketing practices of QMS accredited small training providers improve their financial performance. Results: The study indicates that there is no statistical significant relationship between the management and marketing practices of QMS accredited small training providers and their financial performances. This shows that small training providers do not incorporate financial measures during QMS implementation. The accounting departments are not covered in the QMS strategy. Conclusion: Small training providers should take advantage of QMS accreditation for their business’s financial performance. They should incorporate financial indicators during QMS implementation and measure QMS’s economic effects on an ongoing basis. The original value of this paper is in its approach in uncovering the strengths and weaknesses of QMS accreditation in the financial performances of accredited small training providers in KZN.
Competencies for the effective management of legislated business rehabilitations
Authors: Rajaram Rajendra , Singh Anesh M.
Published: April 2018

Background: In 2011 a new Companies Act (No. 71 of 2008) was implemented in South Africa. A feature of this Act was the introduction of business rescue legislation. Although this legislation was implemented in May 2011, statistics indicate that the success rate for business rescues is approximately only 12%. This low success rate prompted debate relating to the effectiveness, and continued suitability of a legislated business rescue as a mechanism to rehabilitate financially distressed companies. A feature of the business rescue environment in South Africa is the lack of knowledge, necessitating more research in the field. Aim: Due to the importance of the business rescue practitioner in the overall success of a rescue, the research focused on establishing competencies required to be a successful practitioner. Setting: The research was undertaken in South Africa between 2015 and 2017. Methods: A mixed methods research approach was utilised to identify the important competencies of a successful practitioner. A survey was conducted with the membership of the Turnaround Management Association of Southern Africa. The survey was mailed to 130 members and the response rate was 54%. The survey was complemented by undertaking interviews with 7 of the top 10 business rescue practitioners, according to their number of practitioner appointments. Results: The original contribution to knowledge of this study is the identification of a set of competencies that can be utilised to accredit business rescue practitioners and the emphasis on an accounting qualification and effective cash management skills that a successful practitioner must possess. Conclusion: The knowledge generated from this research will benefit business rescue practitioners, the financial sector and stakeholders of companies intending to go into a legislated business rehabilitation.
Rivaroxaban for a Patient with Class III Obesity: Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Bates Duane , Edwards Jenny , Shrum Jeffrey , Chan Casey , Manga Sharita , MacKay Elizabeth
Published: April 2018

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CSHP Professional Practice Conference 2018: Poster Abstracts / Conférence sur la pratique professionnelle 2018 de la SCPH : résumés des affiches
Authors: Authors Various
Published: April 2018

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cshp47
Authors: Roy Myrella
Published: April 2018

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S’unir autour de valeurs fondamentales
Authors: Saulnier Lauza
Published: April 2018

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Optical characterisation of three reference Dobsons in the ATMOZ Project – verification of G. M. B. Dobson's original specifications
Authors: Köhler Ulf , Nevas Saulius , McConville Glen , Evans Robert , Smid Marek , Stanek Martin , Redondas Alberto , Schönenborn Fritz
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Three reference Dobsons (regional standard Dobsons No. 064, Germany and No. 074, Czech
Republic as well as the world standard No. 083, USA) were optically
characterized at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in
Braunschweig in 2015 and at the Czech Metrology Institute (CMI) in Prague in
2016 within the EMRP ENV 059 project “Traceability for atmospheric total
column ozone”. Slit functions and the related parameters of the instruments
were measured and compared with G. M. B. Dobson's specifications in his
handbook. All Dobsons show a predominantly good match of the slit functions
and the peak (centroid) wavelengths with deviations between −0.11 and
+0.12 nm and differences of the full width half maximum (FWHM) between
0.13 and 0.37 nm compared to the nominal values at the shorter wavelengths.
Slightly larger deviations of the FWHMs from the nominal Dobson data, up to
1.22 nm, can be seen at the longer wavelengths, especially for the slit
function of the long D-wavelength. However, differences between the effective
absorption coefficients (EACs) for ozone derived using Dobson's nominal
values of the optical parameters on one hand and these measured values on the
other hand are not too large in the case of both “old” Bass–Paur (BP) and
“new” IUP-ozone (Institut für Umweltphysik, University of Bremen) absorption cross sections.
Their inclusion in the calculation of the total ozone column (TOC) leads to
improvements of significantly less than ±1 % at the
AD-wavelengths between −1 and −2 %
at the CD-wavelengths pairs in the BP-scale. The
effect on the TOC in the IUP-scale is somewhat larger at the AD-wavelengths,
up to +1 % (D074), and smaller at the CD-wavelengths pair, from −0.44
to −1.5 %. Beside this positive effect gained from the data with higher
metrological quality that is needed for trend analyses and satellite
validation, it will be also possible to explain uncommon behaviours of field
Dobsons during calibration services, especially when a newly developed
transportable device TuPS (tuneable portable radiation source) from CMI proves its
capability to provide similar results as the stationary setups in the
laboratories of National Metrology Institutes. Then, the field Dobsons can be
optically characterized as well during regular calibration campaigns. A
corresponding publication will be prepared using the results of TuPS-based
measurements of more than 10 Dobsons in field campaigns in 2017.
Shrub type dominates the vertical distribution of leaf C : N : P stoichiometry across an extensive altitudinal gradient
Authors: Zhao Wenqiang , Reich Peter B. , Yu Qiannan , Zhao Ning , Yin Chunying , Zhao Chunzhang , Li Dandan , Hu Jun , Li Ting , Yin Huajun , Liu Qing
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Understanding leaf stoichiometric patterns is crucial for improving predictions of plant responses to environmental changes. Leaf stoichiometry of terrestrial ecosystems has been widely investigated along latitudinal and longitudinal gradients. However, very little is known about the vertical distribution of leaf C : N : P and the relative effects of environmental parameters, especially for shrubs. Here, we analyzed the shrub leaf C, N and P patterns in 125 mountainous sites over an extensive altitudinal gradient (523–4685 m) on the Tibetan Plateau. Results showed that the shrub leaf C and C : N were 7.3–47.5 % higher than those of other regional and global flora, whereas the leaf N and N : P were 10.2–75.8 % lower. Leaf C increased with rising altitude and decreasing temperature, supporting the physiological acclimation mechanism that high leaf C (e.g., alpine or evergreen shrub) could balance the cell osmotic pressure and resist freezing. The largest leaf N and high leaf P occurred in valley region (altitude 1500 m), likely due to the large nutrient leaching from higher elevations, faster litter decomposition and nutrient resorption ability of deciduous broadleaf shrub. Leaf N : P ratio further indicated increasing N limitation at higher altitudes. Interestingly, drought severity was the only climatic factor positively correlated with leaf N and P, which was more appropriate for evaluating the impact of water status than precipitation. Among the shrub ecosystem and functional types (alpine, subalpine, montane, valley, evergreen, deciduous, broadleaf, and conifer), their leaf element contents and responses to environments were remarkably different. Shrub type was the largest contributor to the total variations in leaf stoichiometry, while climate indirectly affected the leaf C : N : P via its interactive effects on shrub type or soil. Collectively, the large heterogeneity in shrub type was the most important factor explaining the overall leaf C : N : P variations, despite the broad climate gradient on the plateau. Temperature and drought induced shifts in shrub type distribution will influence the nutrient accumulation in mountainous shrubs.
The sensitivity of the Greenland Ice Sheet to glacial–interglacial oceanic forcing
Authors: Tabone Ilaria , Blasco Javier , Robinson Alexander , Alvarez-Solas Jorge , Montoya Marisa
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Observations suggest that during the last decades the Greenland Ice Sheet
(GrIS) has experienced a gradually accelerating mass loss, in part due to the
observed speed-up of several of Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers.
Recent studies directly attribute this to warming North Atlantic
temperatures, which have triggered melting of the outlet glaciers of the
GrIS, grounding-line retreat and enhanced ice discharge into the ocean,
contributing to an acceleration of sea-level rise. Reconstructions suggest
that the influence of the ocean has been of primary importance in the past as
well. This was the case not only in interglacial periods, when warmer
climates led to a rapid retreat of the GrIS to land above sea level, but also
in glacial periods, when the GrIS expanded as far as the continental shelf
break and was thus more directly exposed to oceanic changes. However, the
GrIS response to palaeo-oceanic variations has yet to be investigated in
detail from a mechanistic modelling perspective. In this work, the evolution
of the GrIS over the past two glacial cycles is studied using a
three-dimensional hybrid ice-sheet–shelf model. We assess the effect of the
variation of oceanic temperatures on the GrIS evolution on
glacial–interglacial timescales through changes in submarine melting. The
results show a very high sensitivity of the GrIS to changing oceanic
conditions. Oceanic forcing is found to be a primary driver of GrIS expansion
in glacial times and of retreat in interglacial periods. If switched off,
palaeo-atmospheric variations alone are not able to yield a reliable glacial
configuration of the GrIS. This work therefore suggests that considering the
ocean as an active forcing should become standard practice in palaeo-ice-sheet
modelling.
Oblique reactivation of lithosphere-scale lineaments controls rift physiography – the upper-crustal expression of the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone, offshore southern Norway
Authors: Phillips Thomas B. , Jackson Christopher A.-L. , Bell Rebecca E. , Duffy Oliver B.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Pre-existing structures within sub-crustal lithosphere may localise stresses during subsequent tectonic events, resulting in complex fault systems at upper-crustal levels. As these sub-crustal structures are difficult to resolve at great depths, the evolution of kinematically and perhaps geometrically linked upper-crustal fault populations can offer insights into their deformation history, including when and how they reactivate and accommodate stresses during later tectonic events. In this study, we use borehole-constrained 2-D and 3-D seismic reflection data to investigate the structural development of the Farsund Basin, offshore southern Norway. We use throw–length (T-x) analysis and fault displacement backstripping techniques to determine the geometric and kinematic evolution of N–S- and E–W-striking upper-crustal fault populations during the multiphase evolution of the Farsund Basin. N–S-striking faults were active during the Triassic, prior to a period of sinistral strike-slip activity along E–W-striking faults during the Early Jurassic, which represented a hitherto undocumented phase of activity in this area. These E–W-striking upper-crustal faults are later obliquely reactivated under a dextral stress regime during the Early Cretaceous, with new faults also propagating away from pre-existing ones, representing a switch to a predominantly dextral sense of motion. The E–W faults within the Farsund Basin are interpreted to extend through the crust to the Moho and link with the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone, a lithosphere-scale lineament, identified within the sub-crustal lithosphere, that extends > 1000 km across central Europe. Based on this geometric linkage, we infer that the E–W-striking faults represent the upper-crustal component of the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone and that the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone represents a long-lived lithosphere-scale lineament that is periodically reactivated throughout its protracted geological history. The upper-crustal component of the lineament is reactivated in a range of tectonic styles, including both sinistral and dextral strike-slip motions, with the geometry and kinematics of these faults often inconsistent with what may otherwise be inferred from regional tectonics alone. Understanding these different styles of reactivation not only allows us to better understand the influence of sub-crustal lithospheric structure on rifting but also offers insights into the prevailing stress field during regional tectonic events.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Various Solvent Extracted Samples of Paeonia Emodi (wall) in Mice with Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Zeb Liaqat , Shafiq Muhammad , Khan Asaf , Akbar Ali , Ahmad Ishfaq , Majid Abdul
Published: April 2018

The goal of present study is to evaluate and recognize the most effective hepatoprotective solvent fractions of methanolic extract of Paeonia emodi by fractionating and assessing its fractions for hepatoprotective effect in paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice. In this study, some liver-related serum parameters such as AST, ALP, and ALT were studied. Maximum reduction was caused by aqueous extract (61.08 %) followed by a butanol extract (60.26 %), chloroform extract (48.76 %), crude extract (45.48 %) and drug (37.93 %), in case of ALT. During the study of AST, chloroform extract caused a maximum reduction (65.94 %), followed by a butanol extract (60.43 %), aqueous extract (57.13 %), crude extract (57.13 %) and drug (43.94 %). During the study of ALP aqueous fraction caused a maximum reduction (47.22 %), followed by a butanol fraction (44.44 %), chloroform (41.51 %), methanol extract (34.72 %) and drug (20.83 %). In all the treatment groups the serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP were significantly lower as compared to those of untreated controlled group (P<0.05). The present research showed that Paeonia emodi has the potential to reduce paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice and restore the normal liver function.
Stifled, Staid, and Suspect: The Working Women in Arthur Miller's Drama
Authors: Dominik Jane K.
Published: April 2018

Most literary criticism on Arthur Miller's drama has focused on its male characters. Those plays that arguably have a female protagonist or a more balanced cast between the genders focus on women mostly in traditional roles of wives and mothers, sisters and daughters, and mistresses. Amidst these roles is one that has received scant attention, either by Miller or scholars—the working woman. Women work outside of the home in twenty-two of his twenty-nine published plays. Some women are prevented from working by the men in their lives. The few women who have more independence through jobs with greater responsibility reflect women's earlier frustrations, increased opportunities, and careers beyond those earlier, more traditional ones. An examination of the roles of the working women in Miller's drama reveals their struggles and strengths to survive and assert themselves in a world dominated by men who struggle themselves to survive and succeed.
Bonds Forged on the Double-Sided Anvil of Guilt and Praise: Maternal Manipulation in After the Fall and Suddenly Last Summer
Authors: Day Melissa A.
Published: April 2018

Drawing on their own experiences, both Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams explored the boundaries of mother-son relationships within their respective plays: After the Fall and Suddenly Last Summer. What Miller and Williams portrayed in these works, however, is far removed from pure, selfless, and loving examples of maternal care. Rose and Violet Venable are both, in turn, guilty of manipulating their sons to suit their own needs—resulting in devastating psychological damages inflicted on both of their sons.
Projecting Interiority: Psychogenesis and the Composition ofOuter Dark
Authors: Luce Dianne C.
Published: April 2018

This paper integrates archival and biographical evidence to explore the nexus of the personal and the professional in the genesis and composition of Outer Dark. Before he began Outer Dark, McCarthy had written editor Larry Bensky a long defense of his strategies in The Orchard Keeper in hopes of avoiding revision. As he composed the second novel, he was considering the objections Bensky had raised to the first and attempting to forestall similar criticisms of Outer Dark. At the same time, he was dealing with his impending loss of Lee McCarthy and his newborn son Cullen. Thus he wrote the novel under emotional and professional stress, the evidence of which surfaces in various ways in the “Rough/ First Draft” and the “Early Draft.” McCarthy gradually refined his strategies for making Culla's inner life exterior, revising from his monologues through a sequence of his dreams and finally to scenes of the triune as the walking manifestation of Culla's inner life. The novel itself may be seen as an objective correlative for McCarthy's own inner life, a working out of his grief and guilt over losing his son.
Students and Teachers’ Causal Attributions to Course Failure and Repetition in an ELT Undergraduate Program
Authors: Rojas-Barreto Lisseth S. , Artunduaga-Cuellar Marco T.
Published: April 2018

This article is the product of a diagnostic research study conducted by two professors from the APRENAP research group at Universidad Surcolombiana from Neiva, Huila, Colombia. The study aimed at looking into the causes for the English courses repetition phenomenon which was evident among many students especially in the advanced semesters at the ELT undergraduate program in the university. The main purpose of this qualitative study that followed the Grounded Theory principles was to determine to which factors the academic community of the program- professors and students- attributed the constant failure and repetition of advanced English courses by some students. Findings gathered from the analysis of a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview evidenced that variables such as a lack of autonomous learning habits, economic, labor and family responsibilities, and few hours of class, among others, affect negatively students’ foreign language learning.
Analysis of Saline Intrusion into a Coastal Aquifer: A Case History of Legacy Issues and Challenges to Water Security
Authors: Somaratne Nara , Ashman Glyn
Published: April 2018

Coastal aquifers are subject to seawater intrusion. Therefore, managing freshwater aquifers in coastal areas remain challenging. At present, determining safe yields from the coastal aquifers to prevent seawater intrusion is primarily based on the use of numerical simulation-optimization models or by the use of analytical models based on the Ghyben-Herzberg principle. This study examines the cause and effects of seawater intrusion into a coastal aquifer, Lincoln Basin in southern Eyre Peninsula, South Australia and shows that application of simple techniques would have prevented seawater intrusion. Three freshwater lenses, Lincoln A, B, and C of the Lincoln Basin, located about 13 km southwest of Port Lincoln township, have been developed as a town water supply source in 1960. The capacity of the basin has been assessed by three long-term pumping tests. Based on pump tests results, three areas were developed to supply 2×106 m3 per year distributed across three lenses as lens A : four wells to supply 0.84×106 m3, lens B: four wells to supply 0.5×106 m3 and lens C: four wells to supply 0.66 ×106 m3. Neither recharge to the freshwater lenses nor a water balance had been assessed, and a precautionary approach to groundwater extraction was not followed. The apparent driver for managing the basin was demand for the township. In this study, we assessed the recharge using two methods; water-table fluctuation (WTF) and the conventional chloride mass balance (CMB) method. Total recharge to the freshwater lenses is estimated at 1.6×106 m3 per year which is less than the average annual groundwater extraction from the basin during the 1961-1977 periods (average 2.14×106 m3). As a result mining of the groundwater storage has occurred in the basin leading to saline intrusion, upconing and lateral flow of brackish water into wellfield areas. The total volume extracted from the basin was 35×106 m3, which exceeded the average recharge over the 15 year period, 24×106 m3. Using analytical methods, the seawater/freshwater interface movement from its original position was estimated to be 35 m in lens A, 337 m in lens B and 188 m in lens C. For each pumping well at maximum discharge rate, the transient interface location directly underneath the well was calculated. This results in interface rises under pumping wells in lens A of 3.8 m, lens B of 0.5 m, and in lens C about 0.7 m. According to the risk-based groundwater allocation method, maximum extraction would have been as a proportion of 25% of the annual recharge. Thus, maximum annual abstraction limits for lens A, B and C would have been 210×103 m3, 72×103 m3 and 130×103 m3, totaling 412×103 m3.
Comparing the Costs and Benefits of Attending the Top Three U.S. Elementary Teacher Education Programs
Authors: Sabrin Mohammed
Published: April 2018

This paper analyzed the costs and benefits of attending the top three U.S. elementary teacher education programs by examining how much emphasis is on general content knowledge (GCK), as opposed to general pedagogical knowledge (GPK), as opposed to methodological pedagogical knowledge (MPK), and how this ratio might have affected student outcomes on TIMSS compared to the top performing TIMSS countries in Europe and Asia. Three theoretical frames of reference guided this analysis: program model, field experience model, and status of teacher in society. Methodologically, this study relied mainly on peer-reviewed literature published between 2000 and 2016 in the English language. It was found that although the ratio of GCK to GPK to MPK in the top three U.S. TED programs was similar to what has been reported about the top performing TIMSS countries, student outcomes on TIMSS don’t seem to have been affected due to the fact that performance on TIMSS seems to be stemming mainly from having a very rigorous K-12 education and only admitting the top academic achievers into TED programs.
Editor's Corner: Make No Little Plans
Authors: Erekson Sarah
Published: April 2018

Last winter, the GODORT working group on reorganization presented a plan on how to take the Government Documents Round Table into the next generation.By accepting this report, the Steering Committee reaffirmed the mission of GODORT as a place that creates a community for the exchange of ideas for librarians working with government information, sponsors and supports innovative programming, acts as an advocate for government information by increasing communications with the larger community of information professionals, and contributes to the education and training of government information librarians.
The Municipal Reference and Research Center is Born: New York’s Municipal Library in the late 1960s
Authors: Bruner Mia
Published: April 2018

Recently the news site Democracy Now! featured a story titled “NYPD Surveillance Unveiled: City Claims to Lose Docs on 1960s Radicals, Then Finds 1 Million Records.”1 The segment describes Baruch College professor Johanna Fernández’s efforts to access records of New York Police Department (NYPD) surveillance of radical organizations in the 1960s and 1970s. In the early 2000s, Fernández began her search for this material but encountered a major obstacle when the city of New York claimed it had lost them. Sixteen years later, the city contacted Fernández to inform her that these documents were in fact not lost and had been found with more than 520 boxes of related materials in a warehouse in Queens.
Military Bands and Government Documents
Authors: Ray Daniel E.
Published: April 2018

Since before the founding of the United States, musicians have been an integral part of the military. Throughout history armies have used trumpets and drums to enhance communication and assist the movement of mass forces. Over time, the military has influenced both the makeup of musical ensembles, and styles of popular music. The modern American wind band featuring brass, woodwinds and percussion, is modeled after British military bands. And the marches of John Phillip Sousa, who served as the director of the President’s Own Marine Band for twelve years, remain popular to this day. His “Stars and Stripes Forever” is considered our national march. Today, the US Army declares itself “the oldest and largest employer of musicians in the world.”
From the Chair: My Chicago
Authors: Erekson Sarah
Published: April 2018

I’m so excited that the Annual Conference this year is in my hometown. As a passionate steward of government information in Chicago, here are a few highlights of my city and my collection.The last time the American Library Association conference was in Chicago was the Midwinter Meetings held in February 2015, when attendees got a taste of Chicago’s winter. Between Saturday night and Monday morning, more than nineteen inches of snow fell as librarians settled into hotel rooms and bars from Streeterville to McCormick Place.1 In winters past, such storms have at times been politically significant. After the Blizzard of 1979, Jane Byrne won the mayoral election in an unprecedented upset. Chicagoans had re-elected the incumbent mayor in the five previous elections (Richard J. Daley served from 1955 to 1976). Michael Bilandic’s term as mayor could have been the start to another dynasty, if not for the snow. You could take Whet Moser’s word for it, in “Snowpocalyspe Then: How the Blizzard of 1979 Cost the Election for Michael Bilandic.”Or you could use the government information expertise and collections of the Chicago Public Library.
What Did Your Library Do During the War? A Look Back at Depository Libraries and the World War II War Effort, with a Brief Bibliography
Authors: Malcomb Lou
Published: April 2018

After some thirty years dealing with the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) as a reference librarian and later as head of Indiana University’s Government Information, Maps, and Microforms Department, I still feel passionate about the role FDLP librarians play in maintaining documents collections and providing easy access to what our governments publish. Throughout my career as a documents librarian, I contended that documents librarians are stuck in the middle: between ensuring access to government information for our researchers and students, and working as an “agent” of the government to protect these collections. I am specifically remembering all the various recalls for specific documents from the Government Printing Office (GPO), a fundamental aspect of FDLP in working with agencies to get depository items. While cleaning up office files in anticipation of retirement a few years ago, I uncovered a few treasures I would like to share with my government documents colleagues.
Membership Meeting
Authors: Dobkin Rachel
Published: April 2018

The Membership Committee hosted GODORT 101 on Friday June 23. A standing-room-only crowd of forty was thrilled to learn about GODORT’s mission and work from Committee Chairs.
“The Truth is Out There”: UFO’s and Government Disclosure—A Brief Look into Exploring Recently Declassified Government Documents
Authors: Dzakovic Ryan
Published: April 2018

The extraordinary growth of information and information technologies in modern times have irrevocably changed the way participants of a democracy access, navigate, share, and normalize information retrieval practices. The unprecedented access afforded by these technologies, the fluency with which people use to navigate it and a government seemingly moving toward more transparency have further democratized information access for all citizens. The commitment of government to ensure the sustainable relationship between citizen and information has been helped by the synergy of government publications and the internet. Barnes et al. state,
News: Is It Legal?
Authors: Reichman Hank
Published: April 2018

Student Press, Net Neutrality, Copyright
News: Success Stories
Authors: Reichman Hank
Published: April 2018

Libraries, Schools
ALA Committee on Professional Ethics
Authors: Muir Scott P. , Dallas Sara
Published: April 2018

The Committee on Professional Ethics (COPE) is an American Library Association (ALA) Council Committee. COPE’s charge is to augment the ALA Code of Ethics by explanatory interpretations and additional statements, prepared by the committee or elicited from other units of ALA. When units of the Association develop statements dealing with ethical issues, a copy is sent to the Committee on Professional Ethics for review so that it may be compared to the existing ALA Code of Ethics in order to determine whether or not conflicts are present. COPE then offers non-binding opinions on issues before the ALA Council.
Reviews
Authors: Garnar Martin , Ruth Jennifer , Freeman John Mack , Cordell Rosanne M.
Published: April 2018

Ethics and Values in Librarianship: A HistoryFree Speech: Ten Principles for a Connected WorldData and GoliathSurveillance in America: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, and the Law
From the Bench
Authors: Reichman Hank
Published: April 2018

U.S. Supreme Court, Schools,
Success Stories
Authors: Reichman Hank
Published: April 2018

Libraries, Schools, Prison
We Can’t All Be Rock Stars: Reaching a Mass Audience with the Message of Library Privacy
Authors: Garner Jessica Crowe
Published: April 2018

Are library privacy rights under assault again?Possibly. A new administration in Washington is sending signals that heavy-handed federal guidelines concerning library data may be on the way again. After the 2001 attacks on New York and Washington DC, a group of librarians known as the Connecticut Four stood up to onerous provisions in the USA PATRIOT Act, a brave feat but one of relative anonymity.In this new era, do libraries need a face or a campaign to elevate the fight for privacy in the eyes of the general public? This paper will argue "yes," and conclude with some thought on how such a campaign might manifest itself.
Indoctrination and Common Sense Interpretation of Texts: The Tucson Unified School District Book Banning
Authors: Knox Emily J. M.
Published: April 2018

Throughout January of 2012, national news reports described the ongoing saga of “banning” books used in the Tucson Unified school District’s (TUSD) Mexican American Studies (MAS) Program.  According to MAS students and teachers, on Friday, January 13, school officials attended class sessions and told teachers to box and remove books that were out of compliance with a recently passed Arizona law banning ethnic studies in public education institutions.  TUSD administrators had decided that, in order to comply with the law, not only would the MAS program have to end but any books used in the curriculum would need to be removed from classrooms.  Books on the removal list included Pedagogy of the Oppressed by Paolo Freire, Critical Race Theory by Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic, and, famously, Shakespeare’s The Tempest. The TUSD maintained that it has not banned the books since they are still available in the libraries throughout the school system.  This article, which focuses on the reasons for removing the books from the MAS program classrooms, is grounded in a social constructionist metatheoretical framework as well as the study of reading practices and previous research on book challengers. It is intended to demonstrate that those who argued for the dismantling of the program and the removal of the books employed what might be called a common sense or monosemic interpretive strategy with regard to texts and were particularly focused on the idea of indoctrination in public schools.
Learning Analytics, the Academic Library, and Positive Intellectual Freedom
Authors: Jones Kyle
Published: April 2018

College and universities are actively developing capacity for learning analytics, which is a sociotechnical system supported by an assemblage of educational data mining technologies and related Big Data practices. Like many Big Data technologies, learning analytics implicates privacy by surveilling behaviors captured by data-based systems and aggregating and analyzing personal information. Issues of privacy are often linked to concerns about intellectual freedom. Consequently, librarians fervently argue for surveillance-free spaces and places to promote the conditions they believe are necessary to support intellectual freedom. In this commentary, I contrast this common view of intellectual freedom with a separate theory, “positive intellectual freedom,” to show how libraries may be able to participate in learning analytics practices while upholding intellectual freedom as a lodestar guiding practice and policy.
Was the Cat in the Hat Black? by Philip Nel
Authors: Patterson Sarah
Published: April 2018

In today’s racially charged, post-election atmosphere it has become more important than ever to recognize and root out subversive and persistent forms of racism, especially racism geared toward society’s most impressionable members: children. In the book, Was the Cat in the Hat Black? The Hidden Racism of Children’s Literature, and the Need for Diverse Books, Philip Nel discusses in five chapters various ways that classic and modern children’s literature continues to perpetuate white supremacy. While not denying that children’s media has made great strides toward promoting a more diverse view, Nel insists and supports the idea that there is “legacy racism” promoted by classic children’s literature.
Is It Legal?
Authors: Reichman Hank
Published: April 2018

Libraries, Schools, Privacy, Net Neutrality, Protest