bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on 355 nm all-solid-state ultraviolet laser processing through silicon holes
Authors: Liang Ting , Li Qisi , Lei Cheng , Li Wangwang , Li Yongwei , Lin Lina , Yang Jiaoyan , Wang Wentao , Li Zhiqiang , Chen Guidong , Xiong Jijun
Published: March 2019

In this work, the single variable method is used to investigate the effect of various laser parameters on the diameter, taper, and the quality of the through hole when silicon holes are machined with a 355 nm all-solid-state UV laser. Studies have shown that with an increase of laser fluence, the resolidification at the hole edge is alleviated, and the hole diameter increases slightly with it. The high repetition frequency aggravates the recasting on the hole walls and edges, and the hole taper is also increased due to the high repetition frequency. Excessive scanning speed causes the hole wall to be uneven and results in a large amount of melt attached to the sidewall. However, in case the scanning speed is too slow, the quality of the hole deteriorates due to severe heat accumulation. With proper negative defocus distance, the through hole with a relatively smooth sidewall and a small taper can be obtained. The results provide a technological reference for processing high quality through silicon holes by a 355 nm all-solid-state UV laser.
On the pulsed laser ablation of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride—Influence of pulse duration and material properties on ablation characteristics
Authors: Denkena Berend , Krödel Alexander , Grove Thilo
Published: March 2019

Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) is widely used in industry as a cutting tool material for the machining of hardened steels, cast iron, or nickel-based super alloys. For the generation of geometrical features on such cutting tools, laser ablation is a novel and promising technology, which offers wear-free processing, high automation potential, and geometrical flexibility. In this study, the ablation mechanisms are experimentally investigated for a wide range of laser pulse durations (fs–ns regime), and the effects on ablation depth, ablation efficiency, and surface roughness are investigated. It is shown that melting and recrystallization of binder material when processing with nanosecond pulse duration leads to a reduction of the ablation efficiency and reduced surface quality. These defects can be avoided by using a shorter pulse duration (picosecond and femtosecond). The highest ablation efficiency is achieved for femtosecond laser ablation. Moreover, fs-laser processing shows beneficial behavior in the ablation of coarse-grained PCBN grades, where grain excavation due to binder removal is prevented and the resulting surface roughness is significantly decreased compared to ns-laser processing.
Sector-Specific and Spatial-Specific Multipliers in Indonesian Economy: World Input-Output Analysis
Authors: Muchdie Muchdie , Nurrasyidin M
Published: March 2019

This article discusses on sectoral-specific and spatial-specific multipliers in Indonesian economy using 6-country-30 sector input-output tables for the year 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014. The result shows that firstly, in all years, there were 20 sectors with total output multipliers more than 2. Flow-on effects were higher than initial effects. These sectors should be prioritized if increasing of total output is the objective of Indonesian economic development as total output will be created with less intial efforts.  Secondly, in the year of 2000, average percentage of multipliers occurred in own-sector was 56.23 per cent, and increase slightly in 2005 (57.38%) dan 2010 (58.93%), but decrease in 2014 (57.98%). Correlation between total output multipliers and percentage of multipliers occurred in other-sector was positive and very strong. The higher total output multipliers, the higher percentage of multipliers occurred in other-sector. Thirdly, in the year of 2000, average percentage of multipliers occurred in other-countries was 21.34 per cent and decrease slightly in 2005 (20.22%) and 2010 (18.14%), but increase in 2014 (20.55%). Correlation between total output multipliers and percentage of multipliers occurred in other-countries were positive and very strong. The higher total output multipliers, the higher multipliers occurred in other-countries.
Foreign Interest Rate, Monetary Policy and Bank Credit
Authors: Dawood Taufiq Carnegie
Published: March 2019

This paper concluded that domestic credit provided by banks in home country is affected by interest rates from abroad. And its effect on credit depends on the intensity of the foreign shock’s influence towards income in contrast to cost from interest in the balance sheet of banks of the home country. Conversely, a monetary contraction reduces the amount of credit provision by bank, with a delayed response (lag).And both monetary policy of home country and interest rate of abroad gives important effect on the provision of domestic credit.
Identifying factors influencing rice production and consumption in Indonesia
Authors: Bashir Abdul , Yuliana Saadah
Published: March 2019

This study analyzes factors affecting rice production and consumption in Indonesia from 1990-2014, the data source is from Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The method used is model of multiple linear regression equation with ordinary least square estimator (OLS). Our findings indicate that rice production can be affected by human capital, labor, wages, wetland, urban population, and rice prices; on the other side, technology has no effect on rice production. Other findings on the rice consumption model were influenced by human capital, per capita income, population, and consumption the previous year, and meanwhile, rice prices has no effect to rice consumption in Indonesia. It’s an important note for the government in making the right program policies such as the development of better irrigation systems, empowering the farmers by providing regular training, subsidizing material inputs to farmers, expanding farmland for farmers. Meanwhile, the government needs to create policy such as food diversification, price stabilization security, the increase of rice stock, and other agricultural policies.
„Practical Experience” Related to Crisis Communication During the Oil and Oil Products Shortage
Authors: Harazin Lukáš , Krulík Oldřich , Luža Oldřich , Krulíková Zuzana
Published: March 2019

Oil security (not just oil shortages, but many other possible scenarios) are challenges for society, businesses, or government authorities. The public sphere is in a difficult situation: positive and proactive communication can cause a panic reaction to the public. The same pays for the strategy based on the „relativisation” of the situation. Based on examples of different „strategies” in this respect, the authors attempt to summarize their steps to illustrate the „least-bad” attitude towards this challenge. Individual states are under different conditions, regulatory systems are also different, and the same can be said about the nature of the respective nation.
New Approach of Assessing Human Errors in Railways
Authors: Hadj-Mabrouk Habib
Published: March 2019

Inspired in particular by the works of Reason and Rasmussen and supported by application examples from the field of railway safety, the human error analysis approach proposed to improve the level of safety of rail transport systems involves three complementary levels. The first level of contextual analysis (before the accident) makes it possible to study the various factors favoring the production of the human error at the origin of the accident. The second cognitive level (during the accident) aims to identify the errors related to the human cognitive process involved in a given situation of insecurity. The third level of behavioral analysis (after the accident) focuses on evaluating the consequences of a wrong action in terms of damage to humans, the environment and the human-machine system. This article proposes an original methodological framework for the analysis, classification and evaluation of human errors involved in the safety of rail transport. The key factors taken into account in the analysis concern not only the inappropriate behavior of human operators involved in railway safety and risk management, but also the technical failures of the transport system and the operating and environmental conditions.
Application of Selected Method for Assessment of Self-Heating of Vegetable Oils
Authors: Veznikova Hana , Skrizovska Michaela , Filipi Bohdan
Published: March 2019

One of the groups of materials that tend to self-combustion is vegetable oils. The amount of used oil used is currently increasing and thus the hazard of fires increases. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the tendency of oils for self-heating to minimize self-combustion. This article deals with assessment of the tendency of vegetable oils to self-combustion using two methods: Differential Mackey test and the method of thermal analysis. These methods evaluate the behaviour of oils during their heating. Thermal analysis using the Mettler-Toledo device was performed for oils without support and oils applied on the inert support. It was found that both methods are suitable for evaluation of the exothermic effect that occurs during oxidation of oils after their application on the solid supports. The obtained results of the analyses are the basis for mutual comparison of both way of measurement. Interpretation of these results is a contribution to increasing of safety during using oils.
Ergonomics as Instrument for Prevention Against Work Injury or Occupational Diseases
Authors: Koutny Petr , Bartlová Ivana
Published: March 2019

Ergonomics as complex branch solves work of employee on concrete work place and follows up relationships between human, machine and work environment. Goal of ergonomics is achievement the most appropriate work environment and decreasing of work injuries and occupational diseases probability. This goal will be achievement by implementation of two instruments - process approach which is built on systematic approach and synergy effect of two basic principles technical and human which affect and affect and complement each other. A powerful tool for decreasing of work injuries and occupational diseases probability can be obtained with combination of process approach and synergy effect.
Automotive Industry in the Context of Industry 4.0 Strategy
Authors: Sinay Juraj , Kotianová Zuzana
Published: March 2019

The emergence of cyber-physical systems encourages constant adaptation to the complex requirements of new systems, creating new requirements for businesses that must adapt their activity to change. The automotive industry is the decisive industry and the driving force behind the development of the Slovak economy. Changes that have occurred in the automotive industry are reflected in the high automation of processes, which is reflected in the need to change management, in particular the need for on-line automotive tracking.
Varieties and Origins of Kampai Island Glass Beads
Authors: Soedewo Ery
Published: March 2019

Manik-manik kaca yang ditemukan di berbagai situs arkeologi di Asia Selatan dan Asia Tenggara antara abad 1 dan 13 umumnya disebut sebagai manik-manik kaca Indo-Pasifik. Berbagai bentuk dan warna manik-manik kaca ditemukan di Pulau Kampai, Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera Utara. Data yang dikumpulkan dari manik-manik kaca diperoleh dari penggalian arkeologi di Pulau Kampai. Dalam menganalisis varietas manik-manik kaca, penelitian ini mengkarakterisasi varietas manik-manik kaca Pulau Kampai berdasarkan tipologi dan frekuensi, yaitu manik-manik kaca polos dan manik-manik kaca berlekuk. Sejumlah manik-manik kaca ini dianalisis di laboratorium untuk mengidentifikasi komposisi bahan. Dalam menentukan asal produksi manik-manik kaca, penelitian ini menggunakan metode komparatif pada beberapa penelitian yang terpublikasi. Melalui perbandingan temuan limbah manik-manik kaca dari pusat produksi Arikamedu dan manik-manik kaca di Papanaidupet (India) dan Gudo (Indonesia), hasilnya diketahui bahwa Pulau Kampai adalah tempat produksi manik-manik kaca di wilayah Selat Malaka antara abad ke-11 hingga ke-14. Munculnya pulau Kampai sebagai tempat produksi manik-manik kaca pada abad ke-11 kemungkinan disebabkan oleh kondisi geopolitik. Tradisi pembuatan manik-manik kaca menyebar ke Pulau Kampai karena pengaruh Kerajaan Caka meningkat di wilayah Selat Malaka setelah ekspansinya ke beberapa tempat di wilayah tersebut.The glass beads discovered in various archaeological sites in South Asia and Southeast Asia between the 1st and 13th centuries were generally referred to as Indo-Pacific glass beads. Various shapes and colors of glass beads are found on Kampai Island, Langkat Regency, Sumatera Utara. Collected data of glass beads were obtained from archaeological excavations in Kampai Island. In analyzing varieties of glass beads, this study characterizes the variety of Kampai Island glass beads based on their typology and frequency, i.e., drawn glass beads and wound glass beads. A number of these glass beads are analyzed in the laboratory to identify the composition of the ingredients. In determining the origin of glass beads production, this study used a comparative method on some published research. Through comparison of the findings of glass beads wastes from Arikamedu and glass beads production centers in Papanaidupet (India) and Gudo (Indonesia), the result finds that Kampai Island was a glass beads production site in the Malacca Strait region between 11th–14th centuries. The emergence of Kampai island as a glass beads production site in the 11th century was likely a result of geopolitical conditions. Glass bead making traditions spread to Kampai Island as Cōla Kingdom influences rose in Malacca Strait region after its expansion to several places in that region.
Determinants of childhood diarrhea among under-five year old children in Nigeria: A population-based study using the 2013 demographic and health survey data
Authors: Berde Anselm S , Yalçın Sıddıka Songül , Özcebe Hilal , Üner Sarp , Karadağ-Caman Özge
Published: March 2019

The study aims to identify socioeconomic, demographic, environmental and child baseline factors associated with Childhood Diarrhea (CD) among under-five year old children in Nigeria. We utilized cross-sectional data from the 2013 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The study covered 18,047 mother-baby pairs. The key outcome variable was CD. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were used to test for association between CD and related factors. The prevalence of CD was 12.6%. In the multivariate analysis, the following factors were significantly associated with increased risk of CD; younger mother`s age, household size of seven and above, unsafe disposal of child`s last fecal matter and younger child`s age. Also, children living in all geopolitical zones as compared to the South South geopolitical zone had significantly higher risk of CD. Interventions such as information, education and communication programs on hygiene and sanitation aimed at reducing CD in Nigeria should focus more on groups at risk for CD highlighted in our study.
Radiological nodule behavior: A critical parameter in the surgical management of pediatric pulmonary metastases
Authors: Divarcı Emre , Erdener Ata , Alper Hüdaver , Ertan Yeşim , Öniz Haldun , Demirağ Bengü , Kantar Mehmet , Dökümcü Zafer , Arslan Serkan , Özcan Coşkun
Published: March 2019

Radiological nodule behavior (RNB) means the course of nodule appearance on consecutive CT scans. In this study, we aimed to discuss the effects of RNB on prognosis of patients with pulmonary metastasis. Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) between 2005-2015 was performed. RNBs were grouped as stable, enlarging or new rising nodules. The effects of RNBs were analyzed on recurrence, 1- and 3-year event free survival (EFS) and mortality. Twenty-seven patients (18 male) underwent PM with a median age of 15 years (3-18 years). The diagnoses were listed as osteosarcoma (13), Wilms` tumor (7), Ewing`s sarcoma (3), synovial sarcoma (2), rabdomyosarcoma (1) and mixed germ cell tumor of testis (1). RNBs were new rising in 15 patients (55%), enlarging in seven patients (26%) and stable in five patients (19%). Vital tumor metastasis was detected in all of the patients with enlarging nodules (100%); in 10 of the 15 patients with new rising nodules (66%) and none of the patients with stable nodules. None of the patients with stable nodules developed recurrence or died after PM (p˂0.05). In patients with enlarging nodules, metastases recurred and they died in the postoperative period. These findings were similar in different types of tumors. RNB could be used as a critical parameter in deciding surgical management strategies of pulmonary metastases. Stabile nodules should be observed by close follow-up with serial CT scans without surgery. All of the suspected new rising nodules should undergo surgical sampling to avoid unnecessary chemotherapy. Nodule progression under chemotherapy is a poor prognostic criteria for overall survival.
An asthmatic child with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
Authors: Özdemir Öner
Published: March 2019

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) results from a TH2 hypersensitivity lung disease in response to bronchial colonization of Aspergillus fumigatus in the respiratory tract. ABPA is a very rare disease in the pediatric population; the prevalence is anticipated to be about 1-2% in adult asthma patients and 2-15% in cystic fibrosis patients. In pediatric asthma patients, only rare case reports on ABPA have been published. We present a case of a 12-year-old boy admitted to our hospital with worsening (mild persistent) asthma symptoms such as a recurrent cough, episodic wheezing, and dyspnea for the last two years. He was diagnosed with pneumonia several times and suspected of having tuberculosis during this time. Chest X-ray showed bilaterally perihilar opacities and computed tomography findings revealed central bronchiectasis. With the clinical and laboratory findings, the patient fulfilled 7/8 major diagnostic criteria for ABPA. Treatment with oral corticosteroids and itraconazole was effective. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pediatric ABPA with previously documented asthma from Turkey.
PREPARATION AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF SOLID DISPERSIONS USING REPAGLINIDE
Authors: Srinivas I. , Bhikshapathi D.V.R.N
Published: March 2019

In the present study, immediate release solid dispersion of Repaglinide was formulated by solvent evaporation technique. Repaglinide solid dispersions were prepared using PEG 8000, Pluronic F 127 and Gelucire 44/14 by solvent evaporation method. A 3-factor, 3-level central composite design employed to study the effect of each independent variable on dependent variables. FTIR studies revealed that no drug excipient interaction takes place. From powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies it was evident that polymorphic form of Repaglinide has been converted into an amorphous form from crystalline within the solid dispersion formulation. The correlation coefficient showed that the release profile followed Higuchi model anomalous behavior and hence release mechanism was indicative of diffusion. From in vivo studies, the AUC0→24 h and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was doubled when compared with pure drug. In addition, in vitro dissolution efficiency was well correlated with in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. The obtained results suggested that developed solid dispersion might be an efficacious approach for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of Repaglinide.
A HIGHLY VALIDATED RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN AND SAXAGLIPTIN IN TABLET DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Padmaja B. Reddy , Sivagami B. , Chandrasekar R. , Babu M. Niranjan
Published: March 2019

A simple, accurate, precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin in Tablet dosage form. Chromatogram was run through Standard BDS C8 column (50 × 4.6 mm, 5m) The Mobile phase containing Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: Acetonitrile in the ratio 55:45, pH was adjusted to 3.8 with dilute orthophosphoric acid. The solution was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The column temperature was maintained at 30°C. Optimized wavelength selected was 210 nm. Retention time of Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin were found to be 2.266 min and 2.805 min. % RSD of the Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin were found to be 0.5 and 0.5 respectively. % Recovery was obtained as 98.98% and 98.72% for Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin respectively. LOD, LOQ values obtained from regression equations of Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin were 0.20, 0.60 and 0.26, 0.79 respectively. Regression equation of Dapagliflozin is y = 37377x + 89244, and y =12254x + 3122 of Saxagliptin. The retention times were decreased so that the run time also decreased. So the method developed was simple and economical that can be applied successfully for simultaneous estimation of both Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin in bulk and combined tablet formulation.
DEVELOPMENT OF STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF AMLODIPINE AND OLMESARTAN IN PURE AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Kumar Dhiraj , Panda Susanta Kumar , Sahoo Sudhir Kumar
Published: March 2019

A precise, accurate, economical and simple stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Amlodipine (AML) and Olmesartan (OLM) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Method was performed on a octadecyl silane column with dimensions 4.6 x 250 mm having particle size 5 micron. The mobile phase used in the method is TEA Buffer (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile in proportion of 25:75 respectively. The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 ml/ min and effluent was monitored at 258 nm. The drug was subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and heat as stress conditions. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and system suitability. The retention times were observed at 2.39 min and 3.33 min for AML and OLM respectively. The standard curve was found linear over a range of 05–35 µg/ml for AML and OLM. Similarly an average correlation coefficient was also obtained at 0.999 for AML and OLM. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of this method was 2µg/ml for Amlodipine and Olmesartan. The absolute recovery was 100% for Amlodipine and 100.3 for Olmesartan. Degradation products produced as a result of stress studies did not interfere with the detection of AML and OLM and the assay can thus be considered stability-indicating.
EVALUATION OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ARTEMISININ DERIVATIVES FOR TREATMENT OF SEVERE MALARIA: A META-ANALYSIS APPROACH
Authors: Gangil Jeetu , Chakraborty Bhaswat S.
Published: March 2019

Despite progress in antimalarial management and intensive care, the prevalence of malaria is growing and the mortality rate is very high. Yet even with timely treatment of quinine in maximum doses, the death in patients of severe malaria is very high. The successive synthesis of artemether and artesunate has supplied highly successful substitutes to quinine. This systematic review and meta-analysis approach provides a comparative outcome analysis of Artemisinin derivatives (intervention) and other antimalarials (comparison) in the paediatric and adult population. From the year 1985 to the year 2015, studies were recognized using database searches, citation searches of selected articles. The electronic databases searched engines: Pubmed, Web of Science, Global Health, Medline & Cochrane review of Journals up to April 2015. We selected published randomized controlled clinical trials information comparing artemisinin derivatives and quinine for the management of severe malaria in adult and paediatric population as per WHO malaria treatment guideline, any gender, age group less than or greater than 15 years who were diagnosed with severe malaria. The primary outcome was efficacy in terms of parasite clearance time (PCT), Parasite clearance at D7 and D28 and fever clearance time (FCT). The secondary outcome was the mortality and adverse events. We measured 95% confidence interval by the using of REVMAN software version 5.3 for meta-analysis and summarized the collected data on the basis of characteristics of inclusion criteria of articles. We included total 33 RCTs, enrolling 8396 paediatric and adult patients who were suffering from severe malaria. Artemisinin and its derivatives showed mean parasite clearance time (PCT) (MD -8.50 hours, 95% CI -9.41 to -7.60) and mean fever clearance time (FCT) (MD -9.51 hours, 95% CI -11.22 to -7.81) P<0.00001 statistically significant as compared to quinine therapy. Artemisinin and its derivatives showed a statistically significant clearance of parasites when compared to quinine at Day 7 (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21, 0.81, random effect model, P=0.01). Overall artemisinin derivatives has shown more parasite clearance at D28 than quinine group (Odds ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.23, 1.29, random effect model, P=0.17). We evaluated secondary outcomes mortality which showed artemisinin or its derivatives a statistically significant mortality reduction as compared to quinine. (Odds Ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.89; 27 trials, 8396 participants) P=0.0002 and also showed a statistically significant reduction in the adverse events as compared with quinine (RR0.73, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.87) P=0.003. An overall positive result was found with artemisinin derivatives across all evaluated outcomes.
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE PROCESS OF PLANNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF REAL ECONOMY SECTOR SUBJECTS
Authors: Shyshkina Olena , Kalchenko Olga
Published: March 2019

In the article the essence, content and components of the planning of development of the subjects of the real sector of the economy are examined, the place and role of the analysis and assessment of the risk environment in the process of development planning are determined, the basic methods of its analysis and evaluation are systematized. The study leads to the conclusion about the need for analysis and assessment of risk environment, which contributes to improving the effectiveness of the implementation of strategic and tactical plans in the process of planning the development of entities in the real sector of the economy.
Online Reading Resources Among EFL Students: Do They Promote Reading Habit?
Authors: Satriani Estika
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study are to describe the EFL learners’ reading habit, the factors influence of reading habit, and the impact of the use Online Reading Resources  on promoting students’ reading habit. 156 EFL learners FKIP- Islamic University of Riau involved as participants who read by using online reading resources. The study employed questionnaire, reading log, and interview intensively to collect the data.  The results of analysis data from instruments were used in this study reflected that the use of online reading resources as a source of reading material has changed the reading habits of the learners, from conventional reading cultures into integrated the new technologies in reading process. There were 75% students already have got reading habit. It was significant increase than before. Besides that, online reading resources also provided positive changes for students who have low motivation in reading to be a fun reading activity. Supporting of teacher, parents, and environment help the learners establish their reading habit. The significant reason of learners get the reading habit was to complete the task. The result implies that the learners expected to read more and intensively to get the greatly reading habit. In conclusion, online reading resources are helpful to work the task, to get much information, and to improve learners’ knowledge in reading.
Language Ability of Mild Intellectually Disabled (MID) Children: Case Study of Dina MaraMida in SLB Negeri 1 Padang
Authors: Amrina Yasirly , Sari Armita
Published: March 2019

This study is a case study of mild intellectually disabled children. The purpose of this study is to describe the language skills of Dina Maradina as children with mild intellectual disability (MID). This research is expected to contribute educatively to actions that can be given to intellectually disabled children, especially mild intellectual disability to encourage increased language skills. At the stage of providing data, used the refer and proficient method. The basic technique used in this method is Teknik Sadap, followed by Teknik Simak Libat Cakap (SLC), Teknik Simak Bebas Libat Cakap (SBLC), Teknik Catat and Teknik Rekam as advanced techniques. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively in the form of a description of aspects of language disorders experienced by the subject of the research by describing various symptoms and language skills owned by the subject. The results showed that subjects with mild intellectual disability has good language skills. It has several disadvantages, such as the ability of subject in emotional control, the ability in focus and concentration control and the ability in language production in terms of writing production. The results showed the subject did not have a significant language disorder. The subject is able to communicate smoothly with the other person. This can be seen from the subject's ability to issue sentences that fit the context of the conversation. The subject is also able to show gestures, facial expressions, and usual expressions in accordance with the communication she does.

 

Keywords: Language ability, intellectual disability, neurolinguistics
Students' Writing Motivation of the Third Semester Students OF STIBA Persada Bunda
Authors: Barruansyah Rauf Tetuko
Published: March 2019

Abstract

            Motivation is one of the keys of success in learning because motivation is a factor that encourages the learners taking action and being active in learning process. In the study of Kinder in Washoe, he found that motivation is psychological mechanisms governing the direction, intensity, and persistence of action not due to solely to individual difference in ability to overwhelming environmental demands that coerce the force action. Sometimes, motivation can become a problem when it was low. So, the learners need to increase their writing motivation by doing some interesting activities. The goal of this research was to know how far students’ writing motivation. The subject of this research was the fourth semester students of Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Bahasa Asing (STIBA) Persada Bunda, and the object was the students’ writing motivation. The writer used simple sampling to take the sample. Based on the data analysis, The percentage of students’ writing motivation score was 77.48%. It can concluded that students’ writing motivation of the third semester students of Persada Bunda was in Strong Level.

 

 Keywords: Students’ writing motivation, Writing

 

MOTIVASI MENULIS MAHASISWA PADA MAHASISWA SEMESTER 3 SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU BAHASA ASING PERSADA BUNDA

 

Abstrak

            Motivasi adalah salah satu kunci kesuksesan didalam belajar karena motivasi adalah factor yang mendorong peserta didik untuk beraksi dan aktif didalam proses pembelajaran. Didalam penelitian oleh Kinder, dia menemukan bahwa mativasi adalah mekanisme perintah secara psikologi, intensitas, dan ketekunan dalam beraksi tidak semata mata karena perbedaan kemampuan untuk memeunhi permintaan lingkungan yang memaksa untuk melakukan aksi. Terkadang, motivasi bisa menjadi sebuah masalah ketika ia rendah. Jadi, mahasiswa perlu untuk meningkatkan motivasi menulis mereka dengan melakukan beberapa aktifitas yang menarik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana tingkat motivasi menulis mahasiswa. Suyek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester 3 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Bahasa Asing Persada Bunda, dan obyek penelitiannya adalah Motivasi menulis mahasiswa. Penulis menggunakan Simple sampling untuk mengambil sampel. Berdasarkan analisis data, persentase dari motivasi menulis mahasiswa berada pada nilai 77.48%. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa motivasi menulis mahasiswa semester 3 STIBA Persada Bunda adalah pada level “kuat”.

 

Kata-kata kunci: Motivasi Menulis, Menulis.
Control of Cardiac Function in vivo with a Light-Regulated Drug
Authors: Riefolo Fabio , Matera Carlo , Garrido-Charles Aida , Gomila Alexandre M. J. , Agnetta Luca , Claro Enrique , Masgrau Roser , Holzgrabe Ulrike , Batlle Montserrat , Decker Michael , Guasch Eduard , Gorostiza Pau
Published: March 2019

Remote control of physiological functions with light offers the promise of unveiling their complex spatiotemporal dynamics in vivo, and enabling highly focalized therapeutic interventions with reduced systemic toxicity. Optogenetic methods have been implemented in the heart, but the need of genetic manipulation jeopardizes clinical applicability. This study aims at developing, testing and validating the first light-regulated drug with cardiac effects, in order to avoid the requirement of genetic manipulation offered by optogenetic methods. A M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) light-regulated drug (PAI) was designed, synthesized and pharmacologically characterized. The design was based on the orthosteric mAChRs agonist Iperoxo, an allosteric M2 ligand, and a photoswitchable azobenzene linker. PAI can be reversibly photoisomerized between cis and trans configurations under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light, respectively, and it reversibly photoswitches the activity of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. We have evaluated in vitro photoresponses using a calcium imaging assay in genetically unmodified receptors overexpressed in mammalian cells. Furthermore, using this new chemical tool, we demonstrate for the first time photoregulation of cardiac function in vivo in wildtype frog tadpoles and in rats with a method that does not require genetic manipulation. Such a new approach may enable enhanced spatial and temporal selectivity for cardiovascular drugs.
Biological Relevance of Charge Transfer Branching Pathways in Photolyases
Authors: Holub Daniel , Lamparter Tilman , Elstner Marcus , Gillet Natacha
Published: March 2019

In PhrA, a class III CPD photolyase, two branching tryptophan charge transfer pathways have been characterized in the mechanism of FAD photoreduction. To provide a molecular explanation of the charge transfer abilities of both pathways, we performed simulations where the protein motion and the positive charge are simultaneously propagated. Our computational approach reveals that one pathway drives a very fast charge transfer whereas the other pathway provides a very good thermodynamic stabilization of the positive charge. During the simulations, the positive charge firstly moves on the fast triad, allowing the stabilization of reduced FAD. After one nanosecond, we observe a nearly equal probability to find the charge at ending tryptophan of either pathway. Our results highlight the role of the protein environment, which manages the association of a kinetic and a thermodynamic pathways to trigger a fast and efficient FAD photoreduction.
Crafting A More Environmentally Benign Extraction and Analysis of Pharmaceutical Precursors from a Medicinal Plant: A Student-Led Innovation
Authors: de la Parra John , Stanley Julian , Foster Suraya , Webb Caroline , Lykourinou Vasiliki
Published: March 2019

A student-led research seminar was utilized to develop and validate an innovative 4-part undergraduate chemistry laboratory module that exposes students to a more environmentally benign method for the extraction and analysis of pharmaceutical-precursor alkaloids from the leaves of a medicinal plant, the Madagascar periwinkle. This plant is well known for its production of valuable pharmaceutical alkaloids but obtaining these compounds in therapeutic amounts has relied on traditional techniques that often ignore environmental impacts. Our student-directed design team has optimized an instructional protocol for extracting alkaloids from leaves by successfully, and for the first time, replacing the traditionally used dichloromethane extraction solvent with cyclopentyl methyl ether, a less environmentally harmful solvent. As a pedagogical exercise in the principles of green chemistry, students work in teams performing extractions with conventional vs. “green” solvents for comparison. We also introduce the student to the concept of the qualitative assay for alkaloid presence. Thin layer chromatography is performed with various solvents to optimize resolution of major alkaloid components, as well as to introduce fundamental principles of chromatography to the students. Finally, supercritical fluid chromatography is utilized as a previously unexplored, and less waste-producing analytical technique for confirmation of the presence of the valuable pharmaceutical precursors vindoline and catharanthine.
Environment-Controlled Post-Synthetic Modifications of Iron Formate Frameworks
Authors: Sobczak Szymon , Katrusiak Andrzej
Published: March 2019

New hybrid iron-formate perovskites have been obtained in high-pressure reactions. Apart from the pressure range, also the liquid environment of the sample regulates the course of transformations. Formate α-DmaFe2+Fe3+For6, when compressed in oil and in isopropanol at 1.40 GPa, transforms to a new phase γ, different than that phase β obtained at low-temperature. In glycerol phase α can be compressed to 1.40 GPa, but then reacts to DmaFe2+For3, with all Fe(III) cations reduced, surrounded by amorphous iron formate devoid of Dma cations. Another mixed-valence framework Dma3[Fe2+3Fe3+For6]2·CO2, can be produced from phase α incubated in methanol and ethanol at 1.15 GPa. These pressure-induced environment-sensitive modifications have been rationalised by the volume effects involving the oxidation states of Fe(II) and Fe(III), their high- and low-spin states as well as the properties of pressure transmitting media. The topochemical redox reactions controlled by pressure and the liquid environment offer new highly efficient, safe and environment-friendly reactions leading to new advanced materials and their post-synthesise modifications.
Fast, Efficient Fragment-Based Coordinate Generation for Open Babel
Authors: Yoshikawa Naruki , Hutchison Geoffrey
Published: March 2019

Rapidly predicting an accurate three dimensional geometry of a molecule is a crucial task in cheminformatics and a range of molecular modeling. Fast, accurate, and open implementation of structure prediction is necessary for reproducible cheminformatics research. We introduce fragment-based coordinate generation for Open Babel, a widely accepted open source toolkit for cheminformatics. The new implementation significant improves speed and stereochemical accuracy, while retaining or improving accuracy of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral torsions. We first separate an input molecule into fragments by cutting at rotatable bonds. Coordinates of fragments are set according to the fragment library, which is prepared from open crystallographic databases. Since coordinates of multiple atoms are decided at once, coordinate prediction is accelerated over the previous rules-based implementation or the widely-used distance geometry methods in RDKit. This new implementation will be beneficial for a wide range of applications, including computational property prediction in polymers, molecular materials and drug design.
Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity in the Excited States of Porphyrin Nanorings
Authors: Peeks Martin , Gong Juliane , McLoughlin Kirstie , Kobatake Takayuki , Haver Renee , Herz Laura , Anderson Harry L.
Published: March 2019

Aromaticity can be a useful concept for predicting the behavior of excited states. Here we show that π-conjugated porphyrin nanorings exhibit size-dependent excited-state global aromaticity and antiaromaticity, for rings containing up to eight porphyrin subunits, although they have no significant global aromaticity in their neutral singlet ground states. Applying Baird’s law, odd rings ([4n] π-electrons) are aromatic in their excited states, whereas the excited states of even rings ([4n+2] π-electrons) are antiaromatic. These predictions are borne out by density functional theory (DFT) studies of the nucleus-independent chemical shift in the T1 triplet state of each ring, which reveal the critical importance of the triplet delocalization to the emergence of excited-state aromaticity. The singlet excited states (S1) are explored by measurements of the radiative rate and fluorescence peak wavelength, revealing a subtle odd-even alternation as a function of ring size, consistent with symmetry-breaking in antiaromatic excited states.
DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHMS FOR UPDATING THE ROLLING-STOCK IN A SMALL CITY (USING THE PASSENGER MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE (PMTE) AS AN EXAMPLE)
Authors: Shavyraa Ch. , Balzanay S.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. To increase the competitiveness of the services it is recommended to update the rollingstock of PMTE, which would be adapted for the passengers with limited mobility and adjusted to the continental climate. Therefore, new buses with high carrying capacity would positively influence the passenger services’ quality. Renewal of rolling-stock is an important step for the further development of the Kyzyl region. The authors developed the algorithm for the buses replacement prioritization. Moreover, the authors examined the positive and negative aspects of the credit and leasing process when buying vehicles.Materials and methods. The paper presents the algorithm for choosing the form of the rolling-stock renewal financing, taking into account the leasing and credit specification. In addition, the authors consider the financing sources in details. As can be seen, it is important to use buses  of small and very small capacity in a small city.Results. As a result, the paper presents the comparison of the leasing and credit for rolling-stock purchase.Discussion and conclusion. The conducted comparison shows that leasing is the most efficient process than credit.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HABITS OF BREAKFAST AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF 3rd, 4th, AND 5th GRADE STUDENTS AT SDN SELOTAPAK SUBDISTRICT OF TRAWAS MOJOKERTO REGENCY
Authors: Kusmindarti Indah , Yuniarti Enny Virda
Published: March 2019

The habit of having breakfast for school-age children is very important, because their school activities need more energy and calories. Children who do not have breakfast are more prone to hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels) resulting in dizziness, cold sweat and fainted, which will eventually disrupt their activities. Not having breakfast will lead to decreasing learning interest and the power of their bodies. Research type was analyzed case control. The population was all elementary school students of 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade at SDN Selotapak, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency with a sample of 91 respondents by using total sampling method.  Data collection technique was conducted by using interviews and observation. Interviews were conducted to obtain a more in-depth information about the variables researched. Data analysis was conducted by using cross tab test. The habit of breakfast is important for students to help them meet their energy needs. It will make them more excited and more involved in learning. Moreover, their concentration and memory will be increased, that the children will be more confident and their academic achievement will increase.
"TAPEL for postpartum pain reduction "
Authors: Marifah Asirotul Marifah , Suryantini Naning Puji
Published: March 2019

Tapel is a traditional medicine in the form of solid, pasta or like porridge used by smearing on the mother's abdomen after delivery. Tapel causes touch to the skin that is, a sense of cold, warm and also a refreshing smell. So it is possible that the element can reduce the pain Afterpain due to uterine contractions that are sometimes very disturbing mainly 2-3 days Postpartum. The effectiveness of Tapel use in postpartum mothers was analyzed using descriptively by correlating tapel administration to afterpain. From the result of data analysis using Wilcoxon test got that value of a-Symp. Sig (2 tailed)) of 0,000 due to asymp.sig (2-tailed) <Î± 0.05. The puerperal mother given Tapel gets distraction from the tapel. This is due to the cold sensation and the warm feeling that the patient feels when Tapel is smeared into the front of the stomach as well as the refreshing tapel smell (the smell of traditional medicine) makes a distraction in the mother who experiences Afterpain.

 

Keywords: Tapel, Afterpain, Post Partum
ACCURACY WEANING FOOD FEEDING TO BABY AGE 6-12 MONTHS AT SINGKALAN VILLAGE BALONGBENDO DISTRICT SIDOARJO REGENCY
Authors: Purwati Heni , KHUSNIYATI ETIK
Published: March 2019

Weaning Food feeding is a food given to babies in order to support the growth of babies aged 6-12 months. Weaning Food is given during the transition period from 6 months to 12 months, which is a child-prone period. Because if weaning food feeding in this transitional period is less precise, will be the beginning of malnutrition in children, which can affect the growth and development of health in the future (Sitompul, 2012). During this time many mothers who pay less attention to weaning food feeding in her child. Some were given before 6 months this affects the development of children. Babies were ready to eat solid foods, either growing or psychologically, at 6-9 months of age. The ability of newborns to digest, absorb, and metabolize foodstuffs was adequate, but limited to only a few functions. There were several signs that indicate that the baby was ready to receive weaning food (madya, 2012).

To prevent the occurrence of malnutrition, then gsiycf issued the requirement of weaning food, which is punctual, weaning food given from the age of 6 months, nutritious, weaning food must contain enough energy, protein, vitamins and minerals to support growth optimal, safe: preparation and when given, weaning food should be clean, appropriate ways of giving: give weaning food in line with hunger and appetite indicated by the baby. Type of weaning food, number, frequency and mode of administration adjusted for baby age (dias, 2013).

Based on toddler weighing at posyandu, found 26,518 balita malnutrition nationally. Cases of malnutrition in question was determined based on the calculation of body weight according to Zscore <-3 standard deviation of children standard (very skinny toddler). Meanwhile, according to Riskesdas 2013, the prevalence of very underweight nutrition in babies by 5.3%. If estimated against the number of under-five target (S) registered in the posyandu reporting (21,436,940), the estimated number of malnourished children under five (1.1 million people) (Ministry of Health RI, 2015).

The prevalence of malnutrition was one of the indicators of mdgs and strategic plan (renstra) of east java provincial health office, measured by weight loss by age (bb / u), ie from very low body weight and weight loss. Based on the results of psg 2014, east java had reached the number below the mdgs (15.0%) and renstra (15.0%) of 12.3% (less weight 10.3% and very low weight 2.0%) (dho, east java, 2015). Based on preliminary studies conducted by researchers, the problem of improper weaning food giving also occurred in singkalan village, balongbendo sub-district, sidoarjo regency. Based on primary data obtained from public health service kecamatan, there are Â± 52% of babies less than two months have been given food other than breast milk.