bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic damages from low-quality electric energy
Authors: Bederak Yaroslav , Gryb Oleg , Karpaliuk Igor , Diachenko Oleksandr , Zakharenko Natalia
Published: May 2024

The problems of maintaining the quality indicators of electrical energy and, in particular, voltage dips as well as the consequences of voltage dips in electrical networks of industrial enterprises are considered. A classification of electrical consumers according to their sensitivity to voltage dips in critical areas is given. The main measures to prevent technical consequences of voltage dips are described. In order to ensure predictable operation of protection systems, it is necessary to analyse and prepare measures to improve power quality. To this end, high accuracy class recorders can be successfully used and measurements should be made at characteristic points of the network, power centres and at the common connection points of consumers. The consequences of voltage dips have been allocated to economic damage at companies. Without a general account of the damage caused by poor power quality, it is not possible to correctly calculate the economic effect of improving the reliability of technical systems, both in design and in operation. Therefore, it is proposed to use contextual factors of energy efficiency. Hence, an approach to the selection of surge protection measures is derived which requires consideration of the cost-benefit test of the technical measures. Thus, in order to select any of the surge protection measures, it is first necessary to analyse the statistical data, to understand the cause of the equipment outage and then to make a technically and economically sound decision to improve the reliability of the electricity supply. It is possible that the simplest and most effective solution for surge protection may not be in the electrical part but in the process or instrumentation system.
Effect of low quality of electric power on the operation of electric power supply
Authors: Bederak Yaroslav , Gryb Oleg , Karpaliuk Igor , Demianenko Roman , Karpaliuk Hanna
Published: May 2024

One of the parameters of the quality of electrical energy is considered - voltage dips. The article describes the influence of voltage dips in the networks of industrial enterprises and their influence on the equipment of industrial enterprises. It is the technological processes that are very dependent on the impact of voltage dips. For which short-term stops, breaks and changes in the speed of technological cycles lead to irreversible losses and a long time for repeated starts. The reasons for voltage dips are given, usually due to faults in public networks or electrical installations of consumers. Voltage dips are the most common power quality indicators that affect the performance of industrial equipment. Power semiconductors equipped with microprocessors, such as inverters, battery chargers and power supplies, which are also vulnerable to voltage sags, cannot tolerate short-term (50-200 ms) sags and power failure followed by voltage reconnection. To make it possible to study the impact, the equipment was grouped according to its sensitivity to voltage dips. The types of equipment are shown according to the maximum allowable duration of the dip. Based on the results of the research, measures were proposed to minimize the consequences of voltage dips in the networks of industrial enterprises. Separately, it was determined that voltage dips lead to inrush current surges, which also negatively affects the supply network, leading to even larger voltage dips, which affects the stability of the operation of other consumers. And as a recommendation for mechanisms of electric motors with light starting conditions, it is recommended to use a pulse-phase control system that allows you to adjust the current limiting settings, and for actuators of drives with severe starting conditions, it is recommended to use a frequency start of synchronous electric motors that can automatically maintain the required torque on the motor shaft and current consumption.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND NATURE, ON THE EXAMPLE OF A HIGHLANDER COTTAGE FROM THE SILESIAN BESKID AREA AND ŻYWIEC AREA
Authors:   Academy of Silesia, Poland Faculty of Architecture, Civil Construction, and Applied Arts, Juroszek Justyna
Published: May 2024

The aim of the article was to show the connections between folk architecture and the natural landscape. At the research stage, literature analysis was used, followed by field research. The research techniques used are: source query, analysis of completed architectural objects, original photographic documentation. Based on a broader examination of the topic, an example of a traditional Silesian cottage in the Silesian and Żywiecki Beskid, a modern single-family building by Studio Atrium, a single-family building by Interurban and a modern barn by Architekt Kozieł were selected. The selection criteria used are an objective criterion of the architectural environment and a formal reference to the archetype of a highlander's cottage. As a result of the research, it was found that it is possible to design using the achievements of folk architecture, while making the buildings light and harmoniously fit into the existing landscape.
MODERN PROJECTION TECHNOLOGIES IN HISTORIC THEATRE HALLS OF CRACOW– OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS
Authors:   Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland Faculty of Architecture, Kozień-Woźniak Magdalena , Porębska Anna ,   Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland Faculty of Architecture, Fąfara Marta ,   Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland Faculty of Architecture, Werneck Lima Evelyn Furquim ,   Post-Graduate Program of Performing Arts Studies, The Federal University of The State of Rio de Janeiro, 22290240-Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil
Published: May 2024

Along with the development of multimedia and their increasing role in producing culture, the language of performative arts have change significantly over the past few decades. However, as in the case of Krakow, Poland, many theatre companies are seated for decades in the same historic buildings, being important landmarks and protected architectural monuments. The paper sheds some light on opportunities and risks of introducing modern projection technologies into historic building. Results of reserch can be considered inspirational for artist and technicians as well as conservators and architects involved in the renovation and conservation of historic theatre halls.
COMPREHENSIVE MUSEALIZATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE ON THE EXAMPLE OF WIŚLICA
Authors:   Politechnika Krakowska, Polska Katedra Historii Architektury i Konserwacji Zabytków, Wydział Architektury, Stala Klaudia , Kołodziejczyk Katarzyna ,   Politechnika Krakowska, Polska Katedra Historii Architektury i Konserwacji Zabytków, Wydział Architektury
Published: May 2024

The article presents an analysis of the ongoing changes of revitalization of the city of Wiślica, taking into account the inclusion of the archaeological and architectural heritage resource. As a result, the revitalization was based on the musealization of individual historical areas, carried out in stages in order to rebuild the tourist and economic potential of the region. The above-mentioned project, which priority is the protection of heritage, and then its promotion as well as universal education and accessibility, is carried out in Wiślica, based on contemporary standards of revalorization and modernization of public spaces. This example is an important in the development of a sustainable policy for the management and protection of historical heritage, and monitoring the effects the city's development is an important training element.
USE OF WIND ENERGY OF THE GROUND ZONE IN LOW INDIVIDUAL BUILDINGS
Authors:   Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie, Poland Wydział Architektury Katedra Mieszkalnictwa i Podstaw Techniczno-Ekologicznych Architektury, Obuchowicz Rafał
Published: May 2024

The issue of obtaining wind energy in individual construction facilities is associated with a change in the scope of design issues undertaken in the case of high and large-scale buildings. This is due to the limited size of the assumptions, the type of wind devices used and the need to maintain their proper relationship to the function and form of the architectural object, and the need to ensure acceptable energy efficiency in turbulent flow conditions. The currently adopted design approaches, treated as patterns and constituting the starting point in the design process, constitute a correct synthesis of the issues undertaken by the designer, but they do not fully exhaust the issues raised. This article presents a study concept of a residential facility located below ground level and equipped with an installation for obtaining wind energy.
INVESTMENTS ON THE GREAT MASURIAN LAKES TRAIL. ACTIVELY FOR RELAXATION – BY YACHT OR BIKE?
Authors:   University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Landscape Architecture, Połucha Iwona
Published: May 2024

The Great Masurian Lakes Trail, valued for its picturesque landscapes and rich natural environment, was recognized as an ideal place for enthusiasts of active leisure. Thanks to modernizations in sailing and cycling tourism, users are offered a variety of relaxation opportunities and comfort during cruises on the lakes, as well as while exploring the region by bikes. The renovation of the water trail and the creation of a new bicycle path have enabled nature-friendly exploration of Masurian attractions. Special attention was given to ecomarinas, which are investments promoting an ecological approach to sailing and minimizing the negative impact of tourism on the environment. The need to integrate active forms of recreation with modern amenities was identified to develop the Masuria as an attractive tourist destination, while balancing between the local economy and the protection of heritage. These investments will contribute to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, the preservation of biodiversity, and the sustainable development of tourism.
URBAN “FURNITURE” DEDICATED TO PEOPLE WITH VISUAL DISFUNCTIONS. CASE STUDY- BIAŁYSTOK
Authors:   Faculty of Architecture Bialystok University of Technology, Poland, Duniewicz Agnieszka
Published: May 2024

The article presents a research report covering all typhlographics and tactile models presented in the outdoor space of Białystok. The aim of the research was to indicate problematic features present in the current collection, and the aim of the publication was to draw attention to the issues of responsible creation of this type of "urban furniture". The research material obtained in situ was subjected to organizing and then proper analyses, which made it possible to develop the characteristics of the collection and then verify the correctness of the solutions. The result of the research is a summary of the problematic features presented in the problem aspects. Positive features that could serve as "good role models" were also indicated.
Population cost analysis of direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists for managing nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Rojas Zojaina Hernández , Llorca Maria Rosa Dalmau , Martín Carina Aguilar , Blanco Elisabet Castro , Sáez José Fernández , Gonçalves Alessandra Queiroga , Querol Noelia Carrasco , Cumplido Dolores Rodriguez , Goñi Manuel García , Closas Marc Casajuana , Alegret Josep Maria
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Oral anticoagulants are the treatment of choice for the prevention of cardioembolic events in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and make up a significant proportion of pharmaceutical expenditure. The direct health care cost of anticoagulant treatment for NVAF was analysed at the population level using real-life data from Catalonia to compare vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs).
Methods: Cost analysis using a population database comparing VKAs and DOACs over a period of 1 year from the perspective of the health system. The costs of treatment, follow-up, and hospitalization were analysed. Propensity score matching was performed to analyse the cost difference between the two groups. Costs were capitalized up to the year 2023 using discount rates of 5.6% and 8.9%.
Results: In 2017 in Catalonia, there were 82,034 patients with NVAF on anticoagulant therapy, 64,732 (79%) with VKAs and 17,302 (21%) with DOACs. From the perspective of the national health care system, the cost/patient/year was €2,447.89 with VKAs vs. €2,809.53 with DOACs. After matching, the cost/patient/year was €2,767.65 with VKAs vs. €2,827.12 with DOACs (a difference of €59.47/patient/year).
Conclusions: There is little cost difference between VKAs and DOACs. VKAs had higher costs of follow-up and hospitalization, while DOACs had a higher pharmacy cost.
JEL CLASSIFICATION
I. Health, Education, and Welfare: I19.
Engineering a membrane protein chaperone to ameliorate the proteotoxicity of mutant huntingtin
Authors: Cho Hyunju , Oh Jeonghyun , Catherine Christy , Kim Eun Seon , Min Kwang Wook , Kim Mijin , Kim Hyojin , Jeong Hae Chan , Ahn Seung Hae , Lukianenko Nataliia , Bak Hyeon Seok , Lim Sungsu , Kim Yun Kyung , Kim Ho Min , Lee Sung Bae
Published: May 2024

Toxic protein aggregates are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington’s disease (HD). Since no current treatment delays the progression of HD, we developed a mechanistic approach to preventing mutant huntingtin (mHttex1) aggregation. Here, we engineered the ATP-independent cytosolic chaperone PEX19, which targets peroxisomal membrane proteins to peroxisomes, to remove mHttex1 aggregates. Using yeast toxicity-based screening with a random mutant library, we identified two yeast PEX19 (scPEX19) variants and engineered equivalent mutations into human PEX19 (hsPEX19). These variants prevented mHttex1 aggregation in vitro and in cellular HD models. The mutated hydrophobic residue in the α4 helix of hsPEX19 variants binds to the N17 domain of mHttex1, thereby inhibiting the initial aggregation process. Overexpression of the hsPEX19-FV variant rescues HD-associated phenotypes in primary striatal neurons and in Drosophila. Overall, our data reveal that engineering ATP-independent membrane protein chaperones is a promising therapeutic approach for rational targeting of mHttex1 aggregation in HD.
Harmful Algal Blooms Contribute to the Dynamics of Salt Marsh Ponds
Authors: Ren Ling , Enache Mihaela , Hood Douglas , Grothues Thomas M.
Published: May 2024

Salt marsh ponds (SMPs) form a vital component of coastal wetlands. We investigated microalgal assemblages in SMPs located on Sheepshead Meadows peninsula in New Jersey, in three types of marshes: open marsh water managed, ditched, and unaltered. Monthly samples were collected from six SMPs between May 2022 and June 2023. Microalgae composition showed high dynamic temporal changes within each pond and was spatially heterogeneous among different ponds. The study revealed, for the first time in this area, highly diverse and abundant harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the SMPs. The detected HAB species cover several taxonomic classes, including dinoflagellates Akashiwo sanguinea, Amphidinium carterae, Gymnodinium aureolum, Prorocentrum lima and Alexandrium, raphidophytes Chattonella subsalsa and Heterosigma akashiwo, haptophyte Prymnesium parvum, and cyanobacteria Planktothrix agardhii, Lyngbya aestuarii. In many cases, the HABs accounted for > 60% of total algal abundance and reached as high as 98% with cell density of 103 to 104 cell/mL for dinoflagellates, and 100% with 105 cells/mL for P. parvum. Environmental parameters, temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen, accounted for about 6.9% of the algal community variance, suggesting other factors could have affected the temporal and spatial variability of HABs in the SMPs. It is possible that the enclosed and semi-enclosed shallow, small water bodies of the SMPs provide unique microhabitat conditions favoring these HAB species. The SMPs are subject to frequent tides and flooding during which the HAB species can be transported, thus potentially function as HAB reservoirs and sources for NJ wetlands and coastal waters.
High diffuse bone marrow uptake in 18 F-FDG PET/CT may reflect the diverse mutational characteristics of multiple myeloma
Authors: Cho Hee Jeong , Lee Donghyeon , Hong Chae Moon , Le Tan Minh , Nguyen Hong Duc Thi , Choi Hyukjin , Baek Dong Won , Kim Ha-Jeong , Han Hyung Soo , Sohn Sang Kyun , Kim Juhyung , Moon Joon Ho
Published: May 2024

To explore the biological implications of PET/CT findings in multiple myeloma (MM), we investigated the mutational characteristics relevant to PET/CT findings using targeted DNA sequencing. Fourteen newly diagnosed patients with MM who underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT at their initial diagnosis were included. For sequencing, a customized panel that covered 80 mutations relevant to MM biology was used. Serial PET/CT and sequencing following first-line treatment were performed in seven patients. The most frequently identified mutant gene was ATM, followed by HUWE1, PABPC1, and TP53. Patients with high diffuse FDG uptake (high DU) in their bone marrow showed a higher tumor burden than those with low diffuse uptake (low DU), and they were likely to have an inferior overall survival. Mutations detected in high DU were associated with various oncogenic pathways relevant to the disease progression of MM. Notably, pathways involving epigenetic regulators were predominantly enriched in patients with high DU. In serial follow-ups, a patient with residual PET/CT findings showed the emergence of new mutations; however, those with complete resolution of PET/CT abnormalities demonstrated improved mutational characteristics. In conclusion, patients with high DU showed diverse mutational characteristics, which may reflect the heterogeneous nature of MM and contribute to inferior survival outcomes.
Application of Computed Tomographic Angiography and a Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Technique for Repairing Facial Skin Defects
Authors: Yang Xiaomin , He Yongjing , Zhu Likun , Teng Zhaowei , Lv Lechun , Luo Haotian , Lu Sheng , Zhu Yun , Wang Jihua
Published: May 2024

To explore the clinical value of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques in the repair of facial skin defects. We observed 40 patients with facial trauma or scars repaired by free flap transplantation. To observe the blood vessel diameter, location, direction, variation, branches, the relationships of the vessels with the skin flap, and the surrounding tissue were measured through preoperative CTA and a three-dimensional reconstruction technique of the 23 patients. Superficial temporoparietal, facial, chest, back, and rotary arteriovenous vessels were measured. The time of harvesting the flap, the operation time, and the incidences of the flap blood supply disorder or the flap reoperation were recorded in 40 patients.We found the same vascular anatomy structure characteristics during the actual surgery as in the pre-operative imaging, with no statistically significant differences observed about the 23 patients. And the time of harvesting the flap, the operation time was reduced.No flap reoperation, flap blood supply disorder, or flap necrosis occurred.CTA and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques can accurately reflect origin, termination, diameter, location, direction, variation, branching, and flap anatomy structure characteristics with regard to the superficial temporal, facial, thoracic dorsal, and circumflex scapular arteries and veins. These findings provide a direct digital anatomical basis and guide for surgery.
Hepatocellular carcinoma and focal nodular hyperplasia showing iso- or hyperintensity in the hepatobiliary phase: differentiation using Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI radiomics and deep learning features
Authors: Mao Haoyu , Shen Binqing , Zhang Tao , Fan Yanfen , Wang Ximing , Hu Chunhong , Yu Yixing
Published: May 2024

Background To develop and validate radiomics and deep learning models based on Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI for differentiation between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) showing iso- or hyperintensity in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP).Methods 112 patients from three hospitals were collected totally. 84 patients from hospital a and b with 54 HCCs and 30 FNHs randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 59: 38 HCC; 21 FNH) and an internal validation cohort (n = 25: 16 HCC; 9 FNH). A total of 28 patients from hospital c (n = 28: 20 HCC; 8 FNH) acted as an external test cohort. 1781 radiomics features were extracted from tumor volumes of interest (VOIs) in the pre-contrast phase (Pre), arterial phase (AP), portal venous phase (PP) and HBP images. 512 deep learning features were extracted from VOIs in the AP, PP and HBP images. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to select the useful features. Conventional, delta radiomics and deep learning models were established using machine learning algorithms (support vector machine [SVM] and logistic regression [LR]) and their discriminatory efficacy assessed and compared.Results The combined deep learning models demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance in both the internal validation and external test cohorts, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.965 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.906, 1.000) and 0.851 (95% CI: 0.620, 1.000) respectively. The conventional and delta radiomics models achieved AUCs of 0.944 (95% CI: 0.779–0.979) and 0.938 (95% CI: 0.836–1.000) respectively, which were not significantly different from the deep learning models or each other (P = 0.559, 0.256, and 0.137).Conclusion The combined deep learning models based on Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI may be useful for discriminating HCC from FNH showing iso-or hyperintensity in the HBP.
Endoscopic diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis using a multi-task U-Net: A pilot study
Authors: Park Jooyoung , Kim Ga Hee , Park SeungJu , Hwang Jeongeun , Lim Jisup , Park Kanggil , Ji Sunghwan , Park Kwangbeom , Seo Jun-young , Noh Jin Hee , Ahn Ji Yong , Byeon Jeong-Sik , Kim Do Hoon , Kim Namkug
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims: Endoscopically identifying eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is difficult because of its rare incidence and subtle morphology. We aim to develop a robust and accurate convolutional neural network (CNN) model for EoE identification and classification in endoscopic images.
Methods: We collected 548 endoscopic images from 81 patients with EoE and 297 images from 37 normal patients. These datasets were labeled according to the four endoscopic reference score (EREFS) features: edema, ring, exudates and furrow. A multi-task U-Net with auxiliary classifier on various level of skip connections (scaU-Net) was proposed. Then scaU-Net was compared with those of VGG19, ResNet50, EfficientNet-B3, and a typical multi-task U-Net CNNs. The performances of each model were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively based on accuracy (ACC), area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC), and gradient weighted class activation map (Grad-CAM); and also compared to those of 25 human endoscopists.
Results: Our sca4U-Net with 4th level skip connection showed the best performances in ACC (86.9%), AUROC (0.93) and outstanding Grad-CAM results compared to other models, reflecting the importance of utilizing the deepest skip connection. Moreover, the sca4U-Net showed generally better performance when compared with endoscopists with various levels of experiences.
Conclusions: Our method showed robust performance compared to expert endoscopists, and could assist endoscopists of all experience levels in the early detection of EoE- a rare, but clinically important condition.
Evidence of behavioral contagion in captive black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) and red ruffed lemurs (Varecia rubra)
Authors: Lemes William Padilha , Amici Federica
Published: May 2024

Behavioral contagion is thought to have a significant role in social synchronization and coordination across animal taxa. While there is extensive evidence of behavioral contagion in Haplorrhines (i.e. monkeys and apes), limited research exists in Strepsirrhines (i.e. lemurs). Here, we aimed to investigate the presence of contagious yawning and scratching in two captive groups of black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) (N = 4) and red ruffed lemurs (Varecia rubra) (N = 4), and further test whether behavioral contagion is modulated by the model’s dominance rank. We conducted all occurrence sampling to examine whether individuals observing a yawning or scratching event (i.e. trigger event) were more likely to yawn or scratch in the following 2 minutes, as compared to individuals who did not observe it. We ran generalized linear mixed models and found that the likelihood of yawning and scratching was higher for individuals observing the trigger event than for individuals who did not observe the event, although the model’s dominance rank had no modulating effect on the probability of showing behavioral contagion. Our findings represent the first evidence of behavioral contagion in this genus and contribute to shed light on the distribution and the possible adaptive function of this phenomenon in primates.
Machine learning visceral obesity-related genes based on MARVELD1 model for predicting the prognosis and immune cell infiltration of ovarian cancer
Authors: Qiao Longwei , Wu Fei , Xu Jiaqi , Zhang Yayun , Liu Meng , Feng Guannan , Liang Yuting , Hou Shunyu , Shen Cong
Published: May 2024

Background:
Visceral obesity elevates high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC) risk and prognosis but its effect on biology is underexplored. This study examines obesity-related genes (VORGs) in HGSOC.
Methods
Using consensus clustering, we analyzed TCGA and GSE53963 datasets with VORGs, uncovering unique immune cell patterns and gene functions. Our prognostic model integrates OS, tumor immunity, ICI response, and chemotherapy outcomes. Single-cell data enrich our understanding of gene expression, particularly highlighting MARVELD1 in tumor stem cells. Experimental validation comprised CCK-8, transwell, and colony formation assays.
Results
Based on the expression profiles of VORGs associated with OS, HGSOC patients were stratified into four distinct molecular subtypes. The investigation entailed an exploration of the interplay between each molecular subtype, patient prognosis, and immune infiltration dynamics. Subsequently, a robust prognostic prediction model, encompassing four genes (CXCL9, IGF2, FCGBP, and MARVELD1), was meticulously developed. The model utilized differential genes linked to prognosis through molecular subtyping. It categorized patients into high- and low-risk groups, where the high-risk group exhibited significantly worse outcomes (P < 0.001). Elevated scores were associated with increased stem cell indices, reduced mutation burdens, and heightened immunosuppression. Moreover, these scores showed significant correlations with immune checkpoint genes and chemotherapy sensitivity, emphasizing their crucial role in predicting treatment responses. Turning our attention to finer granularity, analyzing single-cell data revealed diverse gene expression among the four models, especially MARVELD1's prominence in tumor stem cells. MARVELD1 impacted early cellular functions through pathways like reactive oxygen species. Lastly, to validate our findings, in vitro experiments provided compelling evidence that interfering with MARVELD1 effectively curbed the proliferation, invasion, and clone formation potential of ovarian cancer cells.
Conclusion
This study examines VORGs' impact on HGSOC biology, using scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data, presenting a novel risk model correlated with prognosis, immune microenvironment, and drug effectiveness.
Global burden and trends in thyroid cancer among children and adolescents at 5-19 years of age from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Yuan Xuewen , Zhu Tianyi , Shi Mengfan , Zhao Yuhang , Bai Zihao , Wang Yang , Yang Xun , Qi Jirong
Published: May 2024

Background: The global incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) in adolescents varies but increases in an overall trend. A clear illustration of global burden and trends in TC among a specific age population of 5-19 years favors the early prevention and treatment among children and adolescents.
Methods: Global trends in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of TC among children and adolescents at 5-19 years of age group stratified by age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI) from 1990 to 2019 were described through data mining in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Joinpoint regression and decomposition analysis were used to assess temporal trends.
Results: The incidence of TC among children and adolescents at 5-19 years of increased from 0.19 (95% UI 0.15, 0.21) per 100,000 individuals in 1990 to 0.26 (95% UI 0.23, 0.28) per 100,000 individuals in 2019. DALYs of TC decreased from 0.83 (95% UI 0.68, 0.94) in 1990 to 0.73 (95% UI 0.64, 0.82) in 2019. The greatest increase in the incidence of TC from 1990 to 2019 was detected in high SDI countries.
Conclusions: Despite the declined incidence and mortality of TC within the past three decades, global burden of TC among children and adolescents at 5-19 years of age vary with sex, age and SDI. Targeted measures and effective collaborations among countries with different SDIs are required to improve health care for children and adolescents with thyroid diseases.
Behavior Modification after a Heart Attack: Insights from Patients and Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Yaqoob Adnan , Barolia Rubina , Ladak Laila , Khan Aamir
Published: May 2024

Behavior modification is important in managing and preventing recurrent cardiac events following a heart attack. By emphasizing lifestyle modifications and addressing psychosocial factors, healthcare providers can empower patients to take control of their cardiovascular health and improve long-term outcomes. Integrating evidence-based behavior modification programs into routine clinical practice and cardiac rehabilitation is essential for achieving optimal secondary prevention following myocardial infarction and enhancing overall patient well-being. This study explores patients’ behavior modification experience and Healthcare professionals’ perspectives on behavior change observed in heart attack survivors.
Methods: We employed a qualitative descriptive study design to answer our research questions. Our participants were a diverse group of 38, including 20 patients who had experienced a heart attack and 18 healthcare professionals who had worked with heart attack survivors. We used a purposive sampling technique to recruit these individuals. Semi-structured in-depth interviews, lasting 40-50 minutes, were conducted with those who agreed to participate. The data were then organized and analyzed with an inductive coding approach, and thematic analysis was used to generate codes, categories, and themes.
Results: The findings of this study show various motivations that drive patients to modify their behaviors after a heart attack. Four themes emerged from participant’s data: (1) Behaviour modification after a heart attack, (2) Perspectives on motivations for behavior change, (3) Unconvinced by behavior change, and (4) Challenges in behavior change.
Conclusion: The findings contribute valuable insights into individuals’ challenges in adopting behavior changes after a heart attack. The identified resistance shows the need for healthcare professionals to employ personalized and comprehensive strategies to motivate individuals toward holistic lifestyle modifications.
De novo designed proteins neutralize lethal snake venom toxins
Authors: Baker David , Torres Susana Vazquez , Valle Melisa Benard , Mackessy Stephen , Menzies Stefanie , Casewell Nicholas , Ahmadi Shirin , Burlet Nick , Muratspahić Edin , Sappington Isaac , Overath Max , Rivera-de-Torre Esperanza , Ledergerber Jann , Laustsen Andreas Hougaard , Boddum Kim , Bera Asim , Kang Alex , Brackenbrough Evans , Cardoso Iara , Crittenden Edouard , Edge Rebecca , Decarreau Justin , Ragotte Robert , Pillai Arvind , Abedi Mohamad , Han Hannah , Gerben Stacey , Murray Analisa , Skotheim Rebecca , Stuart Lynda , Stewart Lance , Fryer Thomas , Jenkins Timothy
Published: May 2024

Snakebite envenoming remains a devastating and neglected tropical disease, claiming over 100,000 lives annually and causing severe complications and long-lasting disabilities for many more1,2. Three-finger toxins (3FTx) are highly toxic components of elapid snake venoms that can cause diverse pathologies, including severe tissue damage3 and inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) resulting in life-threatening neurotoxicity4. Currently, the only available treatments for snakebite consist of polyclonal antibodies derived from the plasma of immunized animals, which have high cost and limited efficacy against 3FTxs5,6,7. Here, we use deep learning methods to de novo design proteins to bind short- and long-chain α-neurotoxins and cytotoxins from the 3FTx family. With limited experimental screening, we obtain protein designs with remarkable thermal stability, high binding affinity, and near-atomic level agreement with the computational models. The designed proteins effectively neutralize all three 3FTx sub-families in vitro and protect mice from a lethal neurotoxin challenge. Such potent, stable, and readily manufacturable toxin-neutralizing proteins could provide the basis for safer, cost-effective, and widely accessible next-generation antivenom therapeutics. Beyond snakebite, our computational design methodology should help democratize therapeutic discovery, particularly in resource-limited settings, by substantially reducing costs and resource requirements for development of therapies to neglected tropical diseases
Transcultural adaptation and validation in French of the BBC subjective well-being scale (BBC-SWB) in the general population
Authors: MEGHERBI-MOULAY Omar , JULLIAN Bénédicte , FRANCHITTO Nicolas , IGIER Valérie , SORDES Florence
Published: May 2024

Subjective well-being influences longevity and health maintenance. No specific scale exists in French to measure the physical, psychological, and social dimensions of subjective well-being simultaneously. The BBC Subjective Well-Being Scale (BBC-SWB) is a reliable and valid measure of subjective well-being in the general population. The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the BBC-SWB into a French version and to evaluate its psychometric properties, validity, and reliability in the general adult population in France. After providing their informed consent, a sample of 1419 participants, were asked to complete a sociodemographic questionnaire and respond to a battery of online self-report measures probing subjective well-being, subjective happiness, mental health, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. The process of intercultural adaptation showed a semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual equivalence between the original version and the French version. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to extract and confirm a three-factor structural model in the sample. A 24-item version showed acceptable psychometric properties and measured the three dimensions of well-being. Spearman correlations were performed demonstrating significant concurrent validity. Internal consistency and intraclass and inter-rater correlation coefficients showed excellent reliability. This scale renamed “EBES” for Évaluation du Bien-Être Subjectif, represents a valid, reliable, and recommended instrument for research and clinical intervention purposes. Further study of its practical application to other populations and health conditions is warranted.
Climate Change Trend Using Descriptive Time Series Technique in Machine Learning: A case of Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Gemmechis Wendafiraw Abdisa
Published: May 2024

Understanding climate variability and monitoring time-series trends of temperature and rainfall is crucial for the sustainable development of our planet. This study utilized historical data from the Global Historical Climatology Network-Monthly (GHCN-M) provided by the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) to analyze the temperature and rainfall data from 2015 to 2022. The analysis was conducted using Python 3.1.1 on Anaconda Jupyter Notebook and the package matplotlib 3.2.1 was used for data visualization. The results revealed a pattern of maximum rainfall between March to May for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022, while for the years 2017, 2018, and 2019, the maximum rainfall was recorded in October, December, and November. Additionally, the annual maximum rainfalls were recorded in the years 2020 and 2022, and the annual maximum temperatures for all study years were recorded in January, February, and March months. On the other hand, the annual minimum temperatures for all study years occurred in June, July, August, and September months. Similarly, annual average temperatures were recorded in January, February, and March months. This study emphasizes the importance of monitoring climate change and its impacts on our planet. By understanding climate variability and time-series trends, we can better prepare for the future and work towards a sustainable world.
Circuit solutions for an interference-resistant electronic speed controller of a brushless electric motor for an unmanned aircraft
Authors:   Voronezh State Technical University, Parinov Maksim V. , Sergeev Aleksander V ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Vasilchenko Dmitriy V. ,   Voronezh State Technical University
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the features of the circuit solutions development for noise-resistant electronic speed controllers of brushless electric motors for unmanned aircraft. It analyzes the operating features, that allowed to formulate the technical requirements for a whole class of devices. When analyzing the state-of-the-art, it was concluded that the development of a solution with full program control is highly relevant. The basic principles for controlling a brushless electric motor, recommended for constructing a regulator, are presented. As a practical solution, a structural and circuit diagram has been developed describing the operation of the main elements. In the conclusion, the practical results of testing this regulator are considered. The assessment at the current stage is provided, as well as the ways to improve and develop the regulator in the near future.
Experimental study of object’s nonlinear radar cross section in baseband pulse mode
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR), Baikalova Anna E. , Semyonov Edward V. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR)
Published: May 2024

Quantitative information on the nonlinear scattering properties of probed objects at the impacts with signals close to baseband is presented, that will allow to make the requirements on transmitters and receivers of nonlinear baseband pulse radars. A prototype of a nonlinear baseband pulse radar using laboratory instruments has been developed. In the aperture of the antenna, it creates a pulsed field with an intensity of 35 W/m2 and at a front duration of 0,23 ns. The rings with a diameter of 6 сm made of copper wire with a cross section of 4 mm2 are used as sounding objects (a short-circuited ring as a linear object and a ring with the HSMS-8101 diode in its gap as a nonlinear object). The nonlinear radar cross section (NRCS) of a nonlinear object was 0,041 mm2, that fits into the typical range of NRCS for objects in a conventional (harmonic) nonlinear sounding.
Study of built-in information protection tools of Unix systems on the example of malware infection
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University (NSTU), Ognev Igor A. , Nikroshkin Ivan V ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University (NSTU), Medvedev Mikhail A. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University (NSTU), Krasnikov Artyom D. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University (NSTU)
Published: May 2024

This article provides a comparative analysis of the built-in information protection tools of the Unix family operating systems using the example of malware infection of the operating system. The study involved open-source operating systems – Debian, and domestic operating systems – Alt Linux, RedOS, Astra Linux Special Edition. A ransomware virus was used as a malicious software. The presented results demonstrate the greatest ability of the Astra Linux operating system to resist malware infection.
Development of a methodology for identifying the authorship of binary and disassembled program codes based on an ensemble of modern natural language processing methods
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR), Kurtukova Anna V. , Romanov Aleksandr S. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR), Shelupanov Alexandr A. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR)
Published: May 2024

This article is part of a series of studies aimed at solving problems of identifying the authorship of source code. The analysis of binary or disassembled code is a critical task in information security, software development, and computer forensics due to the need to protect intellectual property and copyright, as well as to identify the authors of malware. Any program is a machine code that can be disassembled (converted into text in assembly language) using specialized tools and analyzed for authorship by analogy with text in natural language. To solve this problem, the article proposes a technique based on the fastText ensemble, support vector machine (SVM) and the author-developed hybrid neural network. The proposed methodology was evaluated on source codes in C and C++ languages, collected from the GitHub and Google Code Jam platforms, compiled into executable files and disassembled using reverse engineering tools. The average accuracy of identifying the author of disassembled code using the proposed method was more than 0.9. The technique was also tested on source codes, resulting in an average accuracy of 0.96 in simple cases and more than 0.85 in complex cases (obfuscation, coding standards, etc.).
Methodology of digital sociological research: social system as a basic modeling tool
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Saklakov Vasiliy M.
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the existing approaches to sociological research and provides assessment of some systemic gaps in the cycle of modeling sociological objects. The technique allowing modeling of complex social interactions based on the concept of «social system» is proposed. The modeling principles are developed, covering the levels of interaction with the environment, content and structure. The model of the social system, having a set of internal parameters, and the algorithm of its interaction with the environment are presented. To facilitate the perception of a large number of elements extracted from the collected empirical data, it is proposed to display the final result of the study on a special map. The primary testing, based on messages from the social network Twitter, allowed us to identify the elements of complex social systems and show the nature of their interaction. It is concluded that the methodology is applicable as a tool to monitor and to forecast complex social interactions.
Projection of mean and extreme precipitation and air temperature over India: a CMIP6 analysis
Authors: Kushwaha Prabha , Pandey Vivek Kumar , Kumar Prashant , Sardana Divya , Yadav Anshu
Published: May 2024

This study used 15 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models to analyze the mean and extreme projection precipitation during the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) season, i.e., June to September (JJAS). A continuous rise in precipitation and its associated unpredictability were predicted by global climate models using the CMIP6. The extreme values are estimated on the basis of generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Four socioeconomic paths are used as SSP126, SSP245, SSP370 and SSP585 to understand the impact of low-emission to high-emission scenarios. In all the scenarios, it is seen that all the models predict a significant rise in JJAS mean and extreme precipitation. Moreover, a strong correlation is obtained between the historical (1995–2014) and near-emission future simulation (2021–2040), mid-emission future simulation (2041–2060), high-emission future simulations (2081–2100) of air temperature and precipitation. In extreme emission scenarios, ensemble mean of CMIP6 models shows an increasing amplitude in surface air temperature and precipitation over India in the near future (2021–2040), mid future (2041–2060) and the end of the century (2081–2100). The CMIP6 simulations mainly support the results of all models, but they also demonstrate improved robustness across models.
Representative concentration pathways (RCPs) used as a tool to evaluate climate change impact on maize crop production in the Woybo catchment of Ethiopia
Authors: Shiferaw Yitayish Goshu , Ebstu Edmealem Temesgen , Lohani Tarun Kumar
Published: May 2024

The research was conducted to assess the climate change impact on crop water requirements (CWRs) in the Woybo catchment of southern Ethiopia. The impact of climate change was assessed through climate models under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios for the 2050s compared to 1971–2005. During the 2050s, the annual mean minimum temperature increased by 1.9–2.3 °C, while the maximum temperature over the catchment increased by 1.4–2.0 °C. The projected rainfall is expected to increase in autumn, summer, and annually by 3.7–16.8 and 8.7–12.2% in the 2050s under RCP4.5 and 8.5, respectively. But it is likely to decrease in winter and spring by 1.5–10.2% and 8.7–2.8%, respectively. The average annual potential evapotranspiration will rise by 0.1–6.8%. Under both RCPs, CWRs may increase from 6.2 to 17.2% during the growing season, while irrigation water requirements (IWRs) may rise from 4.6 to 16.4%. Future period projection results show that potential evapotranspiration and IWRs will increase for maize crops compared to the baseline period. The study will help water managers, users, and agricultural developers in preparing new water-saving strategies and achieving agricultural sustainability.
Connecting digital twins to control collections systems and water resource recovery facilities: From siloed to integrated urban (waste)water management
Authors: Lumley Douglas John , Polesel Fabio , Refstrup Sørensen Henrik , Gustafsson Lars-Göran
Published: May 2024

The use of digital twins is a rapidly emerging field for improved real-time control (RTC) and decision support for the operation of collection systems and water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Digital twins for collection systems can help minimize the impacts of flow variation due to extreme weather events, attenuate flows to the WRRF, and reduce sewer overflows and the associated effects. Similarly, digital twins for WRRFs can help improve process, energy, and cost efficiency, fully utilise plant volumes, reduce carbon footprint, and support operator training. The current study provides an overview of two digital twin applications for collection systems (Future City Flow) and WRRFs (TwinPlant) and presents a first example of digital twin integration for proactive collection system-WRRF operation under wet-weather conditions. Current applications of the integrated digital twin are described, including (i) proactive implementation of wet-weather operation mode in WRRF based on inflow forecast and (ii) evaluation of the impacts of RTC in collection systems on WRRF performance. Other potential application examples are described together with the challenges related to the use of this solution. Overall, this new approach has a wide potential to support the cooperation within water utilities towards the adoption of integrated wastewater management.