bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential risk factors for prenatal and postpartum depression in South Korea
Authors: Park S.H. , Chung K. , Cho H.Y. , Kim Y.R. , Jhung K.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Incidence for depression increases during the perinatal period. Risk factors for depression may differentially affect each time period.

Objectives

To assess demographic, psychological and obstetric risk factors that differentially affect prenatal and postpartum depression

Methods

A total of 169 subjects participated. Assessment was conducted during the first trimester, second trimester, third trimester, within a month after childbirth, and a month after childbirth. Demographic and obstetric measures, as well as psychological measures, including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were conducted. Multiple regression and the Mann-Whitney U test were performed to examine the association between variables and depression scores.

Results

Depression score was higher during the postpartum period than the prenatal period. Younger age was associated with depression during the first trimester. In the second trimester, less education, a history of depression and having stress within a year significantly affected depression scores. Smoking, artificial abortion and lack of support from family and parents correlated with depression during the third trimester. Within a month after childbirth, psychiatric and depression history, smoking, stress level within a year and lack of family support were associated with depression. At a month after childbirth, those who were primiparous and not breastfeeding had significantly higher depression scores.

Conclusions

This study identifies various risk factors for each gestational and postpartum period and suggests differential interventions for different perinatal periods.
Mental disorders and psychological problems of women-victims of domestic violence during self-isolation in the covid 19 pandemic
Authors: Kachaeva M. , Kharitonova N. , Shport S. , Shishkina O.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Domestic violence is a troubling problem, but it has acquired a new, previously unknown significance during the COVID 19 pandemic. According to WHO, the number of calls from victims of domestic violence to hotlines during quarantine in many countries has increased by an average of 5 times.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to find out the consequences of domestic violence against women and to identify psychological problems and mental disorders. Attention was paid to the mental health of victims of violence in self - isolation during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We analyzed the psychological problems and mental disorders of women who applied to the newly created hotline for women at the Serbsky Center in Moscow during the COVID 19 pandemic.

Results

The situation caused by restrictive quarantine measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic provokes aggressiveness and all forms of domestic violence.Clinical interview has revealed depression, anxiety, fear, low self-esteem, self-harm behavior, which formed the clinical picture of adaptation disorders, acute stress disorders, PTSR, psychosomatic disorders, substance abuse), sexual dysfunctions, eating disorders in the form of bulimia and anorexia.

Conclusions

The study requires taking into account social, economic and gender characteristics. In all types of emergencies, including epidemics, violence against women tends to increase. This is facilitated by a number of factors, such as the crowding of the stay,a decrease in prosperity, provocation of alcohol abuse, state of uncertainty.
Gender differences in the subjective assessment of emotional state in Russians
Authors: Shilko R. , Shaigerova L. , Dolgikh A. , Almazova O. , Rabeson M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Research into sociocultural mediation of mental health engages the factor of gender differences in the subjective assessment of emotional state.

Objectives

The current study aims to identify the features of the subjective assessment of emotional state in men and women.

Methods

The study involved 210 men and 403 women aged 14 to 76 years (M = 26.9; SD = 13.7) from six regions of the Russian Federation: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Udmurtia, Sakha, Sverdlovsk and Kemerovo. Participants were asked to evaluate their emotional state at the present time, choosing one of the following answers: “excellent”, “good”, “average”, “poor”, “very poor”.

Results

The same pattern of the answer frequency distribution was established for men and women. “Good” was the most frequent answer (40% in men and 40% in women), followed by “average” (32% and 36%), “excellent” (18% and 12%), “poor” (9% and 11%), and “very poor” (1% and 2%). Statistical analysis on a rank scale with t-test for independent samples showed that the differences in the subjective assessment of emotional state in men and women are significant (t = 2.132; p = 0.033).

Conclusions

Thus, both men and women rarely choose the extreme answers to assess their emotional state. Despite this similarity, there are statistically significant gender differences in the subjective assessments of emotional state: men are more likely to choose the answer “excellent” and use the answers “average”, “poor” and “very poor” less frequently. The reported study was funded by the RFBR, project number 17-29-02506.
Spousal abuse and its determinants
Authors: Kolsi S. , Hentati S. , Baati I. , Masmoudi J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Spousal abuse (SA)against women, by its frequency and its consequences on the health of the victims, is a public health issue. For this reason, the role of the physician is essential not only in the care of victims but also in the study of the determinants of(SA).

Objectives

To study the profile of women who have experienced(SA), their spouses and to evaluate the factors associated with spousal violence.

Methods

Analytical and descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among married patients who consulted the National Health Fund of Sfax(CNSS) during the months of October and November 2019.The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the victims and their spouses were collected using a pre-established form.

Results

57.3% of the population was affected by(SA). The mean age of female victims was 48.35 years(SD=9.82). 66.7% of women had a primary school level and 69% had a median socioeconomic level. The majority (60.3%) were housewives.78.18% had a somatic history. The average age of spouses was 53.82(SD=10.87).73% had an elementary school education and 49% were workers.The spouse’s somatic history was found in 63.5% and psychiatric history in 11.11%. 39.68% of spouses had addictive behaviours. Factors correlated with (SA) were: low education levels of the wife (p=0.016) and husband (p=0.0057), history of childhood abuse of the victim (p<0.0001), addictive behaviours of the husband (p=0.008).

Conclusions

It seems that the evaluation of the characteristics of women victims of (SA) and their spouses, as well as the identification of factors associated with (SA), are essential in order to cope with this scourge and avoid its repercussions.

Keyword

spousal abuse-victims-determinants-profile
Voluntary interruption of psychotic pregnancy: Use of antipsychotic drugs in a bioethical case
Authors: Galvañ J. , Angélico I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Decisions about use and safety of antipsychotic drugs during pregnancy it’s been a controversial issue in psychiatric practice because of the difficult finding the good choice, ethically and medically.

Objectives

To provide an example of a real case to shed light about the psychopharmacological and ethical management of the situation helping a psychotic patient to make a voluntary decision.

Methods

Expose a clinical case of a patient in a psychiatric institution for several psychotic symptoms who we discover she’s pregnant during her hospitalization and treatment process. She is a 36 years old single woman who shows disorganized maniac psychotic behavior including disinhibition, promiscuity, persecutory and symbolic delusional ideas, self-surrender and insomnia. She’s admitted against her will in a University Hospital, being transferred to a Psychiatric Hospital with risperidone (2mg/24h) and clonazepam 2mg (2mg/24h). She had a positive pregnant test. Receiving the patient, we made an updated bibliographical review about use of antipsychotic during pregnancy, consult with the patient’s family and hospital legal advice’s service and coordinate with Gynecology’s service. The patient was ambivalent about the decision conditioned by her symptoms.

Results

We decide to optimize drugs to olanzapine (until 30mg/24h) during the first week not using mood stabilizers because of malformations risk, with a great amelioration of symptoms, experiencing a back to reality with a coherent speech and eutimia, deciding a voluntary interruption of pregnancy.

Conclusions

Psychosis in pregnancy can be a bioethical challenge wich must be management according to science (practice clinical guidelines point olanzapine as a choice to be considered) and woman’s will.
Female sexual dysfunction after breast cancer surgery prediction with AI
Authors: Mereu A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) can be overlooked. Different types of breast cancer surgery could have a different impact on the sexuality of women. Artificial intelligence (AI) could help to determine the relation between those conditions.

Objectives

To investigate whether AI could predict FSD relying primarily on the time elapsed after treatment and the type of breast cancer surgery.

Methods

Data of age, time elapsed after treatment and type of surgery (breast-conserving therapy and mastectomy) were employed to predict FSD status in 128 subjects using an AI. Women with and without steady relations were included in the analysis. FSD prevalence was 27.3%. The AI was conservatively tuned to maximize the positive likelihood ratio considering predicted and real FSD statuses. The free and open source programming language R was used for all the analyses. Dataset source: Nowosielski, Krzysztof; Krzystanek, Marek; Kowalczyk, Robert; Streb, Joanna; Kucharz, Jakub; Głogowska, Iwona; Lew-Starowicz, Zbigniew; Cedrych, Ida (2018), “Data for: Factors affecting sexual function and body image of early stage breast cancer survivors in Poland: A short-term observation.”, Mendeley Data, V1, doi: 10.17632/948n98trm6.1

Results

Predictions obtained a positive likelihood ratio of 5.314. The results were indicative of fair performance.

Conclusions

AI might be useful to predict FSD in women who undergo breast cancer surgery. Furthermore, the results of this study might indicate a moderate effect of age, time after treatment and type of surgery on the probability of FSD occurrence. Finally, the AI used in this study is freely available, allowing anyone to experiment.
Gender differences and defensive coping behavior in patients with inflammatory bowel disorders
Authors: Chernus N. , Gorenkov R. , .Sivkov S. , Sivkova S. , Sivkov A. , Savina T.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD) are chronic diseases with severe course. In this regard, research aimed at identifying adaptive behavior styles potentially significant for individual resilience to disease-related stress is of particular importance

Objectives

The study population included 45 patients with the inflammatory bowel disorders: 19 male, 26 female (mean age 36,0±4,8), whose clinical and experimental psychological characteristics were studied.

Methods

The following methods were used: ‘Life Style Index’ by R. Plutchik, Н. Kellerman, ‘Ways of Coping’ by R. Lazarus, S. Folkman.

Results

The experimental psychological study revealed interdependence of psychological defense mechanisms and coping behaviors. Thus, in female patients, such psychological defense mechanisms as ‘denial r=-0,51’ and ‘compensation г=-0,43’ showed negative correlation with ‘planning problem-solving’ coping strategy and positive correlation with such coping strategies, as ‘escape - avoidance г=0,38’ and ‘confrontation г=0,32’ р<0,05; in male patients, such psychological defense mechanisms as ‘regression г= -0,41;’ and ‘displacement г= -0,30’ demonstrated negative correlation with ‘planning problem-solving’ and ‘exercising self-control’, but positive correlation with such coping strategies, as ‘escape - avoidance г= 0,34’, ‘confrontation г= 0,40;’, р<0,05. Maladaptive attitude towards disease correlated with avoidance reactions in both male and female patients, which is indicated by the central rank position in disease coping structure of ‘confrontation’ coping strategy М=69,3±0,1, along with insufficient utilization of ‘planning problem-solving’ coping strategy М=39.3± 0,1, р< 0,001.

Conclusions

The identified manifestations of psychological maladaptation in both male and female inflammatory bowel disorder patients are moderately pronounced, but require psychotherapeutic correction
Mental disorders during pregnancy and postpartum period
Authors: Kammoun I. , Kammoun R. , Maatouk O. , Karoui M. , Salah K. Ben , Ellouze F.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Mental disorders of pregnancy or postpartum correspond to all the psychopathological states linked to the period of the pregnancy-puerperium. They are the subject of prevention and screening and are currently a public health priority

Objectives

Describe the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients who presented mental disorders during pregnancy and/or postpartum. Identify the various risk factors predisposing to these disorders

Methods

We carried out a retrospective descriptive analytical study including patients who presented mental disorders during their pregnancy or postpartum and who were hospitalized during the period from January to October 2020.We collected 20 patients.

Results

The average age was 39.84 years. Mental disorders were present in 73.7% during the postpartum period. The patients had a personality disorder in 47.7%. They were smokers in 57% of cases. Pregnancy was desired in 73.7% with regular follow-up in 84.2%. Pregnancy was complicated by toxemia in 22% of cases and gestational diabetes in 27% of cases. Delivery was by caesarean section in 68.4% with primiparity in 50%. According to the DSM5, the psychic disorder most often found during pregnancy was the characterized depressive disorder 43%, and during the postpartum we found the brief psychotic episode 42.1%. The treatment was in half of the cases association between antidepressants and antipsychotics. Mental disorders were significantly correlated with the presence of stressful life events during pregnancy (p =0.02)

Conclusions

Mental disorders during pregnancy and postpartum are frequent and important to detect. Early diagnosis and adequate care are the two essential elements that should allow these women to fully experience their motherhood
Murder she said – a review on mental health issues in intimate relationship violence
Authors: Delgado A. , Cortiñas A. , Sousa A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Violence in intimate relationships is a prevalent worldwide health problem and it is underreported, underrecognized and underadressed by health care professionals.This problem affects women more commonly than men and occurs in heterosexual and same-sex relationships. Violence can include physical, emotional, sexual and financial abuse, as well as control over contraception or pregnancy and medical care and it tends to be repetitive, with an escalation in frequency and severity over time. Abused patients exhibit chronic physical and emotional symptoms and injuries resulting from physical and sexual violence.

Objectives

We conducted a review on violence in intimate relationships and the impact on mental health of the victims.

Methods

Comprehensive search of literature in the medical databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SciELO using the keywords: women, violence, intimate relationship violence, mental health, self injury.

Results

Research has established a relationship between violence and mental health outcomes among women and girls. Violence or inter-personal trauma render women vulnerable to a range of psychiatric symptoms - depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicide, and substance use are most common. Women reporting bidirectional violence had higher rates of depression and PTSD. When examining differences in rates of psychiatric disorders by the type of violence, it was found that all types of violence were strongly associated with all types of psychiatric disorders. Severity of psychiatric symptoms increased stepwise with increasing severity of violence.

Conclusions

Caring for patients in abusive relationships can be challeging - continuous supportive care improves patient outcomes. Physicians shoul be able to recognize and manage this situations in order prevent its negative outcomes.
Validity and reliability of the perinatal anxiety screening scale in a brazilian sample of pregnant women
Authors: Barros M. , Aguiar M. , Macedo A. , Pereira A.T.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale was translated and validated for European Portuguese (PASS-29; Pereira et al. 2019), from the original PASS (composed of 31 items; Somerville et al. 2014) to allow epidemiological and correlational research and early detection, which is an health policy imperative. This need also applies to Brazil, where a specific instrument to measure perinatal anxiety is not available.

Objectives

To study the psychometric properties of the PASS Brazilian version factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency and pattern of correlations with mood states.

Methods

350 women (Mean age: 30.01±5.452) in the second trimester of pregnancy (Mean weeks =25.17±±6.55) completed the PASS and the Brazilian version of Profile of Mood States (POMS-25; Barros et al. 2021). SPSS and AMOS software were used.

Results

After deleting two items (1 and 2) and some errors correlated, CFA indicated a good fit for the second-order model (X2/df=2.987; CFI=.903; TLI=.889; GFI=.797, RMSEA=.075; p[rmsea≤0.01]<0.001). The Cronbach alpha was α=.937, and for the four dimensions (general anxiety and specific fear, perfectionism and control, social anxiety and adjustment disorder, acute anxiety and trauma.), were all α>.800. PASS total and dimensional scores significantly (p<.01) and moderately correlated with Profile of Mood States dimensions: negative affect (.471), Depression (.294), Anxiety (.548), Fatigue (.438) and Vigour (-.288).

Conclusions

Similarly, to what has been found for Portuguese version, the Brazilian PASS resulted in a 29-items-and-four-factors version, with good construct and convergent validity and reliability. In the near future we will determine the PASS cut-offs to screen for anxiety disorders in pregnancy and postpartum.
Together we stand, resilient we stay : The effect of minority stress and resilience on transgender mental health
Authors: Sahin A.B. , Buyukgok D.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Prejudice, stigmatization and discrimination behaviors causes social stress and lead vulnerability to mental and physical health problems in Transgender and Gender Nonconforming (TGNC) individuals. The prevalence of mental disorders that can be associated with “minority group stress”, especially major depression and anxiety disorders, are known to be higher in the TGNC group in comparison to general population.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to reveal the impact of minority stress on TGNC individuals’ mental health. Resilience factors like gender identity pride, social support, community connectedness expected to diminish the negative impact of stigmatization and discrimination.

Methods

The study sample consisted of 48 volunteered participants who consulted to Psychiatry Department for gender transition process. After semi-structured interview, applicants were given Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Scale-Turkish Form (GMSR-Tr), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).

Results

Analysis revealed a negative correlation between the stress subscales of GMSR-Tr scale and BDI (p< .001; rs= .727), BAI (p< .001; rs= .649), PSS (p< .001; rs= .671). For psychological resilience, the strongest positive relationship was found with the community connectedness subscale (p< .001; rs= .864); the strongest negative relationship was observed with the internalized transphobia subscale (p< .001; rs= .750).

Conclusions

Our study presented the importance of internalized transphobia and protective effect of resilience factors for mental health outcomes of TGNC individuals exposed to minority stress. The depression, anxiety and stress scores decreases with increasing psychological resilience.
Listening to music as a stress management tool
Authors: Lata F. , Kourtesis I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The impact of listening to music on the stress response system has received increased attention lately.

Objectives

An update of the relative research.

Methods

Literature review.

Results

Listening to music seems to reduce stress by influencing both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomous nervous system. Most studies, mainly conducted in healthy adults, show a decrease both in cortisol levels (a well-known stress-biomarker) and in sympathetic activity (reduction in heart rate frequency and blood pressure). Compositional elements of music such as melody, rhythm, tonality and frequency seem to influence individual relaxation responses. Most studies used classical music, nonetheless, the abovementioned effects were noticed irrespective of music genre. High-frequency music seems to have a greater role in stress-relief: 528 Hz frequency music apparently lowers cortisol and increases oxytocin (a modulator of stress response and social bonding) levels. A decrease in perceived anxiety and the induction of a positive mood state -particularly when relaxation was affirmed as the purpose of music listening- has been noticed using appropriate scales. Regarding particular settings, perioperative music may attenuate the neuroendocrine stress response caused by the surgery procedure. Music interventions in obstetric patients as well as in cardiovascular and cancer patients have led to similar findings. Finally, music appears to beneficially affect stress among patients with PSTD, fibromyalgia and depression.

Conclusions

The stress-relieving effect of music listening seems promising in clinical settings. The heterogeneity of the studies’ sample and the “administration” of different music intervention “schemes” are among the main limitations of the current research.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Mental illness pathogenia: Anxiety disorders, an evolutive vision
Authors: Garcia L. Carpio , Villarroel C. Martín , Revuelta M. Sánchez , Matsuura J. , Cutanda J. Dominguez , García E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

There are many authors that follow and develop Pinel-hypotheses about unitary psychosis, joining recent discoveries in neuropathology and neurochemistry, supporting the vision of mental illness as neurodevelop disorders. The classification they suggest, distinguishes early, late neurodevelop disorders, and those related to traumatic factors, what determine an evolutive vision of this pathology. In terms of anxiety symptoms/disorders, they have been usually associated with categorical pathology, and treated focus on symptoms,unfortunately relapses are very frequent.

Objectives

Proving that the evolutive vision may ease a change on the intervention of anxiety disorders, that would propound different therapeutic alternatives.

Methods

A bibliographic search was performed from different databases, showing throw aspects related to main etiopathogenic theories about anxiety disorders from an evolutive vision.

Results

Evolutive-Psychology raises that anxiety is a concomitant process to development, that grows progressively and is necessary to induce changes in it. However a high level of anxiety might block that process or causes alterations. In that sense, anxiety-disorders may be related to an excess of anxiety that provoke a fault in present handling mechanisms. According to classic dynamic-theories, these mechanisms are associated with defence concept, but now we can link them to neurobiological development. From this point, there exists an asymmetric neurological maturation through childhood-adolescence that translates different manifestations of anxiety along development, initially more related with external contemption and relationship with caregiver, but later with hormonal pulses, physical changes and separation from family.

Conclusions

The evolutive vision allows to understand development fluctuation of anxiety symptoms along the growth process, more accurately than categorical classic tendency.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Obsessive symptoms as first alert of psychosis: Two cases report
Authors: Garcia L. Carpio , Villarroel C. Martín , Revuelta M. Sánchez , Cutanda J. Dominguez , Matsuura J. , García E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Concomitant presence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms(OCS)is relatively frequent in psychotic patients and there are different hypotheses trying to explain the origin of them as pathology evolution,comorbid disorder,defence mechanism,or even a medication side-effect,but it is difficult to make a precise evaluation of these symptoms and the mechanisms involved.SometimesOCS are the first manifestation toappear without any other areas affected,and psychotic disorder comes later with initial symptoms in that domain.

Objectives

Evaluate the association between OCS and psychosis to document pathogenia of both entities.

Methods

A bibliographic search was performed about this topic.We present two cases of patients that have been referred to our unit: A34year old man, a usual consumer of cannabis,who shows checking and organizing compulsions that interfere significantly with their life.Consumptions grew progressively until they became daily,trying to decrease partly this behaviour. He comes to an addiction unit where he achieves abstinence,but immediately shows an important functional-impairment, adding to the previous compulsions new ones,and also thought blocking,social retraction and personality change. He starts taking antidepressant and benzodiazepines to reduceOCS, and weeks later begins a manic episode with delusions as a bipolar-disorder debut. A29year old man, with a history of familiar obsessive personality,that begins to worry about physical appearance and starts compulsive behaviour focused on exercise preventing him from daily activities.No response to antidepressants, he started antipsychotics and develop referential-symptoms.

Results

Both are atypical presentations of bipolar and schizophreniform disorders withOCS,where the beginning of treatment causes psychosis-symptoms not previously developed.

Conclusions

Frequent doubts are what factors determine the eclosion.The triggers are not clear and neither the related-pathology.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Evaluation of tava program to improve the quality of life in young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
Authors: Pedrero A. Alvarez , Uribe I. Parra , Muñoz R. , Reina N. , Llorens M. , Palacin A. , Membrives S. , Monreal J.A. , Vidal D. Palao
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), is a population that does not usually receive specific treatment.

Objectives

The main objective of the present study is to evaluate whether specific interventions within the TAVA program (transition program to adult life for patients with ADS), produce significant improvements in the quality of life of young adults with ASD.

Methods

This is a prospective randomized clinical study of patients with ASD (according to DSM-5 criteria) seen in outpatient of the Parc Tauli University Hospital in Sabadell (Barcelona) since September 2017. We compared the quality of life, functionality, caregiver burden, and comorbidity of patients in TAVA program (beneficiaries of group therapy and specific medical and psychosocial interventions), with that of control patients (treatment as usual), after 2 years of intervention.

Results

Our sample is composed of 12 patients with ASD. The average age is 18.4 years. 83% of the sample are men (n = 10). 5 of the patients belonged to TAVA and the other 7 were controls. Overall, TAVA patients presented improvement in the ZARIT and BAI scales compared to control patients. The control patients evolved less favorably in the AAA, SRS and RAAS levels compared to TAVA.

Conclusions

Specific interventions in adults with ASD, improve the caregiver’s feeling of overload and the patients anxiety, compared to the usual interventions. The lack of regulated interventions produces an unfavorable evolution of the core symptoms of autism. More studies are needed to specify efficient interventions to improve the quality of life of adults with ASD.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychological distress among greek parents of children with an autism spectrum disorder: Is there a link to anxiety symptoms in neurotypical offspring?
Authors: Koukouriki E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Parents of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at higher risk of suffering from mental health problems (MHP) than parents of children with other developmental disabilities. Research on the general population documented that MHP in parents contributes as a significant risk factor for maladjustment outcomes in their offspring, while parental anxiety disorders in particular have been associated with a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders in the offspring. However, evidence concerning possible associations between parent-offspring psychological problems in the case of ASD-families is scarce and inconsistent.This study forms a part of a larger PhD study and some preliminary findings have been partially discussed in previous work.

Objectives

To investigate any association between anxiety symptoms in neurotypical offspring (ASD-siblings) with parental MHP.

Methods

118 parent-child-dyads from ASD-families that fulfilled inclusion criteria participated in this study and answered a demographic questionnaire. Parents were administered the GHQ-28, while the children answered the STAIC-A-Trait. A hierarchical multiple regression was performed to test the hypothesis.

Results

Participating parents demonstrating poorer mental health, with 53 (44.9%) of them considered as suffering from psychological distress according to the score of GHQ-28. Furthermore, hierarchical regression showed that STAIC-(A-Trait) total score of ASD-siblings was associated with parental anxiety (std beta=0.292; p=0.29;model 1) and this association persisted after demographics entered the model (std beta=0.300; p=0.029; model 2).

Conclusions

This study shows a significant association between parental psychological distress and anxiety in the neurotypical offspring in ASD-families, highlighting the need to provide all members of ASD-families with the appropriate services.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The prevalence of anxiety disorders among young people in europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sacco R. , Camilleri N. , Umla-Runge K.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

This systematic review estimates the pooled prevalence (PP) of anxiety disorders (ADD) among 5-to-18-year-old YP living in Europe, based on prevalence rates established in the last five years (LFY).

Objectives

Trends of prevalence rates across countries, gender and level of education were analysed. The random effects pooled prevalence rate (REPPR) for AD was calculated.

Methods

A search strategy was conducted on three databases. Studies were also identified from reference lists and grey literature. Eligible studies were evaluated for reliability, validity, bias, and the REPPR for AD was calculated.

Results

The European REPPR for AD is calculated at 7.9% (Figure 1). The REPPR for each anxiety disorder is shown in Figure 2.

Conclusions

Based on the results in this systematic review, AD are the most prevalent mental disorders among young people in Europe. Early diagnostic and intervention strategies for AD may improve the mental health and wellbeing among young people.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
KKI-NECT: Kennedy krieger institute’s network for early childhood tele-education (US)
Authors: Leppert M. , Harrison J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The Kennedy Krieger Institute Network for Early Childhood Tele-Education (KKI-NECT) is a federally funded ECHO project. Its hub consists of a child psychiatrist, developmental pediatricians and a behavioral psychologist. Its community partners are primary care providers(PCPs) in underserved areas. Its goal is to create local experts in early childhood behavioral, emotional and developmental disorders.

Objectives

After attendance at this session, the learner will be able to: 1. report the rates of co-occurring developmental, behavioral and emotional disorders presented by primary care participants 2. explain the efficacy of case based learning and a structured curriculum as a mechanism for expanding the workforce. The goal of this presentation is to build awareness of and interest in ECHOs specifically targeted to child behavioral, emotional and developmental issues.

Methods

Dr. Leppert will discuss KKI-NECT, particularly the process of procuring funding, setting up an ECHO, and getting institutional “buy-in". She will describe the use of case based learning and a structured curriculum in a longitudinal CME program, report the comorbidities in cases that participants present for discussion, and demonstrate the impact on participants’ practice.

Results

Data from four cohorts demonstrate that PCPs showed increased comfort levels, improved knowledge of behavioral, emotional and developmental disorders. PCPs expanded the scope issues they could address in their practice as a result of participation in KKI-NECT.

Conclusion

KKI-NECT is a viable response to the workforce shortage of child psychiatrists by confidently increasing the role of the PCP in treating childhood developmental and mental health disorders.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Relationship between metabolic syndrome and functioning in patients with bipolar disorder type 1
Authors: Şahmelikoğlu Onur Ö. , Uluyol Ö. Baş
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The available literature indicates a possible association between metabolic syndrome (MS) which is highly prevalent among patients with bipolar disorder (BD), and functioning.

Objectives

We sought to compare differences in functional areas of patients with Bipolar Disorder Type 1 (BPD-1)with and without MS in euthymic period.

Methods

This study included 69 euthymic BPD-1 patients without MS and 46 age- and sex-matched BPD-1 patients with MS. All participants completed a sociodemographic form; took the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Young Mania Rating Scale score, and Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire. MS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria.

Results

All of the functioning areas were significantly lower in the BPD-1 with MS group than in the without MS group (p < 0.05). Moreover age at onset of disease was significantly lower in BPD-1 group with MS than without MS (p < 0.05). Number of suicide attempts was significantly higher in BPD-1 group with MS than without MS (p < 0.05). Catatonic and melancholic depression were significantly more prevalent in the BPD-1 with MS than without MS (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that MS might have an effect on functioning in BD patients even in euthymic period.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Uric acidas a predictor of bipolar disorder type 1
Authors: Uluyol Ö. Baş , Onur Ö. Şahmelikoğlu
Published: February 2022

Introduction

It has been shown in the studies that purinergic system dysfunction might have an effect on pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.

Objectives

In this study, our aims were to compare uric acid levels between patient with bipolar disorder type 1 (BPD1) and healthy controls (HC) and to evaluate the validity of uric acid in predicting bipolar disorder.

Methods

Consecutive outpatients with a diagnosis of euthymic BPD-1 (n=75) and HC (n=75) were included in the study. The subjects were evaluated with Sociodemographic Data Form, Young Mani Rating Scale (YMRS), Beck Depression Scale. Serum uric acid was measured using an auto analyzer.

Results

Serum uric acid level in BPD1 group was significantly higher than HC. Significant efficacy of uric acid value was observed in the differentiation of BPD1 and HC [Area under the curve 0.708(0.626-0.790)]. Significant efficacy of uric acid 5.4 cut off value was observed in the differentiation of BPD1 and HC [Area under the curve 0.667 (0.579-0.8754)]. Sensitivity was 50.7%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 74.5%, specificity was 82.7%, negative predictive value (NPV) was 62.6%.

Conclusions

Serum uric acid value is effective in detecting bipolar patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Emotion regulation in euthymic bipolar patients in Tunisia
Authors: Messedi N. , Mhiri E. , Charfeddine F. , Bouattour W. , Aribi L. , Aloulou J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Bipolar disorder is presumed to involve difficulties in emotion regulation. However, little is known about the specific emotion regulation profile associated with this disorder.

Objectives

To study emotion regulation in bipolar patients in remission phase and to determine the factors correlated with it.

Methods

A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of 30 patients followed for bipolar disorder in remission, at the psychiatric outpatient clinic at the Hédi Chaker University Hospital in Sfax. We used a socio-demographic and clinical data sheet and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) which assesses cognitive strategies (maladaptive and adaptive) for regulating emotion.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 43.77 years, the sex ratio was 0.5. Bipolar I disorder was diagnosed in 93% of patients. A good adherence to treatment was found in 86.7% of cases and a good social integration in 40%. The mean total score of the adaptive CERQ was 66.73 and the most used adaptive strategy was acceptation (mean score =13.87), while the mean total score of the maladaptive CERQ was 36.7 and the most used maladaptive strategy was self blame (mean score =9.47). Adaptive cognitive emotion regulation was predominant in 93.3% of patients. It was significantly correlated with good adherence to treatment (p = 0.047) and good social integration (p = 0.026).

Conclusions

Our patients with euthymic bipolar disorder showed a satisfying level of adaptive emotion regulation strategies. A cognitive remediation seems important to embetter this capacity and improve the income of the disease.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Child maltreatment, attachment and psychopathology: A case report
Authors: Lietor M.D.C. Molina , Cuevas I. , Prieto M. Blanco
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The exposure to child maltreatment increases the lifetime risk for many psychopathological symptoms: depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, personality disorder and dissociation. Besides, adopted children, especially those with a history of institutional living before adoption, are at greater risk for a range of developmental, behavioral and attachment concerns. The case report is of a 17-year-old male, with reactive attachment disorder (RAD). He suffered child maltreatment in his family of origin before the international adoption.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to present a case-report illustrating the relationship between chil maltreatment, adopted children and the reactive attachment disorder.

Methods

A bibliographic search was performed about reactive attachment disorder. Information regarding the clinical case was obtained by consulting the patient’s file.

Results

A 17-years-old male who was adopted at age of 9 from Spain. According to reports from the orphanage, the patient suffered severe maltreatment by his family of origin, with scars on his back. The patient presents impulse control disorder, with verbal and physical heteroaggressiveness in situations of frustration, hunger and sleep. He stopped attending the institute at the age of 12, with marked isolation and reversal of the sleep-wake cycle. His treatment plan are partial hospitalization, psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.

Conclusions

Both child maltreatment and adoption are risk factors for the presence of psychopathology during the lifetime. Especially during the pre-adoption process and the first years after adoption, both the family and the child should be able to use specialized Mental Health services.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Risk factors for severity of social withdrawal in adolescence: Understanding hikikomori as a spectrum
Authors: Hamasaki Y. , Nakayama T. , Michikoshi S. , Hikida T.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Social withdrawal, or hikikomori, is one of Japan’s most serious psychosocial issues. The concept gained international attention around 2010 and widespread psychiatric epidemiological studies have since been conducted.

Objectives

With an understanding of the extensive range of hikikomori circumstances as a spectrum, we aimed to quantitatively measure the severity of hikikomori in adolescent subjects, an age group considered particularly susceptible to the condition, and to identify factors associated with its severity.

Methods

We selected population demographics, socioeconomic data, and psycho-behavioral characteristics as factors related to hikikomori and explored their associations with hikikomori severity using cross-sectional analysis. Subjects were a patient group of middle school students examined as outpatients at a psychiatric clinic during adolescence for a chief complaint of hikikomori and a control group of middle school students matched for sex and age. Subjects’ parents completed a questionnaire pertaining to their child’s hikikomori symptoms and living environment along with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The data collected was then statistically analyzed.

Results

T-test results demonstrated that scores for all CBCL syndrome scales were significantly higher in the patient group, but no scores fell within the clinical range. Multiple regression analysis revealed that being anxious/depressed, somatic complaints, lack of communication between parents, and overuse of the Internet were statistical predictors of hikikomori severity.

Conclusions

It may be possible to prevent hikikomori from becoming severe if the above predictors are used to identify high-risk individuals requiring active intervention while hikikomori is at an early stage.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Maternal mediation strategies during interaction with toddlers- a comparison of dyads with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and dyads with typical development (TD)
Authors: Mimouni-Bloch A. , Oren A. , Dromi E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

During interactions with toddlers, mothers use various mediation strategies to encourage mutual play. Such mediation skills play an important role in the development of toddlers’ communicative skills. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) introduces challenges to this interaction.

Objectives

To study the use of maternal strategies during interaction with ASD and TD toddlers at early lexical levels.

Methods

Nine ASD and fifteen TD dyads participated. Toddlers were matched by lexical levels. The mean age in the ASD was 31.5 months and in TD - 17 months. Each dyad was video-recorded three times, during naturalistic interaction. Mothers’ verbal mediation strategies were divided into five main communicative categories.

Results

1. Exact repetition of toddler’s utterances was similarly used and increased in both groups across the three visits (f (2,44)=3.77, p< 0.05). 2. Significant differences were found between the two groups regarding strategies associated with control of the interaction eg mothers of toddlers with ASD (MASD) made more frequent attempts to redirect their child’s attention (F (1,22)= 74.56, p<0.01). 3. MASD had higher indices of overall talkativeness (F (1,22)= 5.43, p<0.05); use of nonverbal means (F(1,22)= 9,51, p<0.01); simultaneous use of different means of communication (F (1,22)=19.8, p<0.01).

Conclusions

Our results highlight that in some respects, maternal mediation strategies reflect the child’s lexical level. However, our main finding is a distinct interaction style expressed in MASD’s elevated use of verbal and nonverbal mediation strategies. This, in hope of maintaining continuous interaction that could not be otherwise achieved due to their toddlers’ difficulties

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
European brain research area: The operational level
Authors: Aarts K. , De Witte E. , Kramer S. , Iannone D. , Destrebecq F. , Di Luca M.
Published: February 2022

Brain research in Europe is a rapidly evolving field, and increasingly at the forefront of science. Although considerable amounts of knowledge and innovative approaches have been generated, the translation into new health interventions is hindered by excessive fragmentation. Effective and efficient collaboration and cooperation among the various initiatives are often identified as a key success factor to achieve brain research full impact. EBRA fully responds to these needs by bringing together the various stakeholders and major brain research initiatives, at European level and beyond. EBRA creates the conditions for real and effective cross fertilisation, dialogue, building consensus and exploiting research potential. On the operational level, EBRA facilitates the emergence of research projects in specific areas in active clusters. A cluster is understood as a research community that can be directed towards basic research, clinical research and/or methodological approaches under a common topic and disease area within brain research. EBRA support clusters to: 1. Consolidate or expand further the research community expand their community, 2. Engage with policy makers and other relevant stakeholders, 3. Build consensus on various issues (research priorities, research roadmap, data sharing, etc.), 4. Promote links with existing research infrastructures, 5. Increase the visibility of the research community through communication and dissemination activities, 6. Coordinate the development of position/consensus papers, white papers, guidelines, meeting reports and/or other cluster outcomes. EBRA currently has 6 existing clusters: EPICLUSTER, Prevention of Severe Mental Disorders (PSMD)-cluster, TRISOMY21-cluster, BRAINFOOD-cluster., PREMOS-cluster and ECIB-cluster.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.