bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interface‐Triggered Spin‐Magnetic Effect in Rare Earth Intraparticle Heterostructured Nanoalloys for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Hengjun , Jiang Yong , Li Qingqing , Hai Guangtong , Gu Chao , Du Yaping
Published: September 2024

Rare earth (RE) elements are attractive for spin‐magnetic modulation due to their unique 4 f electron configuration and strong orbital couplings. Alloying RE with conventional 3d transition‐metal (TM) is promising for the fabrication of advanced spin catalysts yet remains much difficulties in preparation, which leads to the mysteries of spin‐magnetic effect between RE and 3d TM on catalysis. Here we define a solid‐phase synthetic protocol for creating RE‐3d TM‐noble metal integrated intraparticle heterostructured nanoalloys (IHAs) with distinct Gd and Co interface within the entire Rh framework, denoted as RhCo−RhGd IHAs. They exhibit interface‐triggered antiferromagnetic interaction, which can induce electron redistribution and regulate spin polarization. Theoretical calculations further reveal that active sites around the heterointerface with weakened spin polarization optimize the adsorption and dissociation of H2O, thus promoting alkaline hydrogen evolution catalysis. The RhCo−RhGd IHAs show a small overpotential of 11.3 mV at 10 mA cm−2, as well as remarkable long‐term stability, far superior to previously reported Rh‐based catalysts.
Polyelectrolyte Additive‐Modulated Interfacial Microenvironment Boosting CO2 Electrolysis in Acid
Authors: Wang Anqi , Ge Wangxin , Sun Wen , Sheng Xuedi , Dong Lei , Zhang Wenfei , Jiang Hongliang , Li Chunzhong
Published: September 2024

Acidic CO2 electrolysis offers a promising strategy to achieve high carbon utilization and high energy efficiency. However, challenges still remain in suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and improving product selectivity. Although high concentrations of potassium ions (K+) can suppress HER and accelerate CO2 reduction, they still inevitably suffer from salt precipitation problems. In this study, we demonstrate that the sulfonate‐based polyelectrolyte, polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), enables to reconstruct the electrode‐electrolyte interface to significantly enhance the acidic CO2 electrolysis. Mechanistic studies reveal that PSS induces high local K+ concentrations through the electrostatic interaction between PSS anions and K+. In situ spectroscopy reveals that PSS reshapes the interfacial hydrogen–bond (H‐bond) network, which is attributed to the H‐bonds between PSS anions and hydrated proton, as well as the steric hindrance of the additive molecules. This greatly weakens proton transfer kinetics and leads to the suppression of undesirable HER. As a result, a Faradaic efficiency of 93.9 % for CO can be achieved at 250 mA cm−2, simultaneous with a high single‐pass carbon efficiency of 72.2 % on commercial Ag catalysts in acid. This study highlights the important role of the electrode‐electrolyte interface induced by polyelectrolyte additives in promoting electrocatalytic reactions.
Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Screening of Nano‐Palladium (II) and Platinum (II)‐Based Compounds With DFT and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Hassan Safaa S. , Hosny Wafaa M. , Aboutabl Mohamed A. , Fayed Dalia B. , Khalf‐Alla Perihan A.
Published: September 2024

Within the current challenges in medicinal chemistry, the creation of novel and improved therapeutic agents stands out. 2‐Cyano‐3‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐enethioamide (CTPTA) ligand was complexed with palladium (II) and platinum (II) ions within the nanoscale with the molecular formula [M (CTPTA)Cl2]. H2O. The CTPTA ligand and its complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV–Vis spectra, FTIR, mass spectra, TGA, magnetic measurement, and the molar conductance technique. Analysis with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the nanostructure dimension of both complexes is predominantly between 10 and 30 nm. The CTPTA ligand functions as a bidentate ligand, utilizing thione sulfur, and cyanide nitrogen atoms. Density functional theory was employed to analyze the geometric structure properties of the CTPTA ligand and its complexes. Natural population (NPA) and Mulliken population (MPA) methods were used to calculate the charge distribution. The cytotoxic impact results of all compounds on human liver cancer (HepG2) cell line were satisfactory. The ligand and its complexes were also tested against gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria in vitro. The findings of the molecular docking study supported the cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects. The antioxidant and anti‐inflammation activities of synthesized palladium (II) and platinum (II) complexes had a great spectrum of activity. The preclinical pharmacokinetic studies on albino rats revealed that the newly studied complexes achieved excellent antitumor results. This was clear in the investigated parameters, especially the amelioration of AFP levels, liver weight, oxidative stress, and lobular hepatic architecture injury.
Cooperative learning‐based practical formation‐containment control with prescribed performance for heterogeneous clusters of UAV/USV
Authors: Ghommam Jawhar , Iftekhar Lamia , Rahman Mohammad H. , Saad Maarouf
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a new approach for formation‐containment control with prescribed performances is introduced for heterogeneous autonomous vehicles involving a cluster of leader unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and follower unmanned surface vessels (USVs). We introduce a two‐layer distributed control system: The upper layer focuses on guiding the UAVs to form a scalable lattice while synchronizing their movement along a predefined path, and the second layer guides the USVs to enter the convex hull formed by the UAVs, ensuring collision‐free operation with static/dynamic objects. To prevent collisions and ensure lattice formation, a set of well‐defined bump functions are utilized in the design of the backstepping control algorithm. Managing virtual controls, we incorporate a nonlinear dynamic surface control (NDSC), while a universal barrier function enhances the convergence of formation tracking errors. Furthermore, each USV employs a cooperative adaptive learning neural network to handle uncertainties in heterogeneous vehicle models. Utilizing the Lyapunov theorem, the stability of the formation‐containment of UAV/USV is achieved, and all signals in the formation‐containment systems are semiglobal uniform ultimate bounded (SGUUB). A simulation example showcases the effectiveness of our proposed approach, highlighting contributions in collision avoidance, synchronization speed, and adaptive learning. Our work advances the heterogeneous formation‐containment literature towards more realistic scenarios with safety‐critical considerations amidst multiple layers of uncertainties and unknown parameters.
Activation of GPR55 alleviates neuropathic pain and chronic inflammation
Authors: Jiang Weiqun , Yu Wenbin , Tan Yu
Published: September 2024

Neuropathic pain (NP) significantly impacts the quality of life due to its prolonged duration and lack of effective treatment. Recent findings suggest that targeting neuroinflammation is a promising approach for treating NP. G protein‐coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), a member of the GPCR family, plays an important role in neuroinflammatory regulation. CID16020046, a GPR55 agonist, possesses promising anti‐neuroinflammatory effects. Herein, the therapeutic effect of CID16020046 on NP was investigated in an NP rat model. The NP model was established using the unilateral sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) assay. Both sham and CCI rats were intraperitoneally administered with 20 mg/kg CID16020046. NP was assessed using paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL). First, we showed that GPR55 was downregulated in the spinal dorsal horn of CCI rats. After CCI rats were treated with CID16020046, the values of PWT and PWL were increased, indicating their effect on pain relief. The treated rats had attenuated release of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord, decreased spinal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased spinal glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) activity. Additionally, the increased levels of phosphorylated nuclear factor (NF)‐κB p65 in CCI rats were significantly alleviated by CID16020046 treatment. Mechanistically, we showed that CID16020046 significantly suppressed the activation of the Janus kinase (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway in the spinal cord of CCI‐treated rats. However, Colivelin TFA (a STAT3 agonist) abolished the effect of CID16020046 on JAK2/STAT3 activation. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the activation of GPR55 by CID16020046 alleviates NP and neuroinflammation in CCI rats by mediating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
Relaxin‐2 promotes osteoblastic differentiation mediated by epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling
Authors: Yi Lankai , Han Ning , Li Zhong , Jiang Housen , Cao Zhenhao
Published: September 2024

Loss of osteogenic differentiation potential of osteoblasts has been associated with the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Thus, stimulation of osteoblastic differentiation is a therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis. Relaxin‐2 is a peptide hormone with potent biological functions. However, the effects of Relaxin‐2 in osteoblastic differentiation and osteoporosis have not been reported before. Here, we report a novel physiological role of Relaxin‐2 in promoting osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 cells. Our results indicate that exposure to Relaxin‐2 upregulated the expression, and elevated the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) when MC3T3‐E1 cells were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium (OM). Additionally, Relaxin‐2 upregulated the mRNA levels of osteocalcin (ocn), osteopontin (opn), and collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1a1). The alizarin red S staining assay revealed that Relaxin‐2 promoted the mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 cells. We also found that Relaxin‐2 increased the expression of Runx‐2 as well as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Importantly, silencing of EGF abolished the effects of Relaxin‐2 in osteoblastic differentiation and related gene expression. These findings suggest that Relaxin‐2 stimulates osteogenic differentiation through activating EGF/EGFR signaling.
Math task experiences and motivation to learn more: How prior knowledge and interest interact with Task‐Interest & Task‐Difficulty perceptions and feed a desire to reengage
Authors: Fryer Luke K. , Shum Alex
Published: September 2024

How do task experiences support proximal and longer‐term desires to reengage? Central to this question is the interplay between perceptions of task difficulty and the situational interest. This interplay is increasingly researched but not yet well understood. Micro‐analytic, latent studies are important tools for replicating past findings and extending our understanding in this area. This study aimed to extend our understanding of the interplay between readiness (prior knowledge and individual interest), a sequence of mathematics task experiences (situational interest and perceived difficulty) and reengagement beyond the set of tasks (i.e. optional follow‐up engagement). Participants (ages 20–49; n = 301) completed a series of maths tasks online, self‐reporting their task experiences after each task. Participants were offered an optional opportunity to follow‐up with the task content as a measure of their continued interest. Both readiness components assessed were important predictors of future situational interest (positive) and perceptions of task difficulty (negative). Persistent interconnections between the task experience components across time supported past evidence regarding the important role of situational interest and the challenges of perceived difficulty for sustained engagement. Modelling indicated that task success (β = 0.36), situational interest (β = 0.16) and perceptions of task difficulty (β = 0.21) can converge on choices to reengage with an object going forward.
Risk of Parkinson's disease and depression severity in different populations: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Qin Yidan , Li Jia , Quan Wei , Song Jia , Xu Jing , Chen Jiajun
Published: September 2024

Background

Depression is widely recognized as a common non‐motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Across different studies, the reported prevalence of depression in PD varies widely, ranging from 2.7% to 90%, but it is unclear whether this association is due to genetic or acquired factors. Whether there is a causal relationship remains unknown. The aim of this study was to use a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal effect of PD on depression.

Methods

Analyses were conducted separately for individuals of European and East Asian ancestry using publicly available summary data from genome‐wide association studies. Depression was divided into two categories: ever depressed for a whole week and major depressive disorder (MDD). PD data were used as the exposure and were obtained from the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium and the BioBank Japan PheWeb, while depression data were used as the outcome and were obtained from the ntegrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Open GWAS Project(A public GWAS database） and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. The influence of PD on depression was assessed using inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR‐Egger, and weighted mode methods. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were tested, and the results were validated using FinnGen GWAS data from version R9.

Results

In individuals of European ancestry, there was a causal relationship between PD and ever depressed for a whole week (IVW method, odds ratio [OR] = 0.990; 95% CI, 0.984–0.996; p = .002), but no causal relationship was observed between PD and MDD (IVW method, OR = 0.974; 95% CI, 0.942–1.009; p = .141). In individuals of East Asian ancestry, no causal relationship was observed between PD and ever depressed for a whole week (IVW method, OR = 1.001; 95% CI, 0.829–1.209; p = .990) and between PD and MDD (IVW method, OR = 1.017; 95% CI, 0.982–1.052; p = .342). The results of the three additional analysis methods were similar to those of the IVW method, and there was no heterogeneity according to Cochran's Q‐test. There was no evidence of pleiotropy based on MR‐Egger intercept test and MR‐PRESSO. The FinnGen validation dataset supported these findings. The results are stable and reliable.

Conclusion

The observed increase in depression among PD patients could potentially be attributed to modifiable acquired factors. Consequently, there is an urgent need to strengthen the management of PD patients in order to prevent the development of depression in the future.
Supply chain transformative capabilities and their microfoundations for circular economy transition: A qualitative study in Made in Italy sectors
Authors: Nacchiero Raffaele , Massari Giovanni Francesco , Giannoccaro Ilaria
Published: September 2024

In today's rapidly evolving landscape, supply chains must develop specific dynamic capabilities for initiating and successfully governing their transformations toward new configurations to withstand pressures arising from competitions and global changes. Differently from dynamic capabilities that enable adaptation, supply chain transformative capabilities include four core dimensions: triggering, envisioning, navigating, and stabilizing capabilities. By using a multiple‐case study approach involving six Italian companies related to fashion and furniture sectors, we investigate these concepts and identify the microfoundations of supply chain transformative capabilities for circularity. They are classified with reference to individuals, processes, and structures. Our findings illustrate how supply chains can facilitate and effectively govern their circular transformation by developing the transformative capabilities and their microfoundations. This paper provides valuable theoretical insights and managerial perspectives, advancing the concept of transformative supply chain management.
Effect of nucleos(t)ide analogue discontinuation on the prognosis of HBeAg‐negative hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Sun Ting , Qiu Yiwen , Wang Tao , Yang Yi , Qiu Haizhou , Shen Shu , Pang Huasheng , Wang Wentao
Published: September 2024

Background

Although nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) are thought to reduce the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the effect of NA discontinuation on the prognosis of HBV‐related HCC after hepatectomy is rarely reported. We aimed to investigate the potential for hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative HBV‐related HCC patients to discontinue NAs based on preoperative hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) status.

Methods

This historical cohort study involved 1232 NA‐treated HBeAg‐negative patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for HBV‐related HCC from 2014 to 2019. The recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients discontinuing NAs before surgery were compared with those continuing NAs. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics.

Results

Of all enrolled patients, 839 (68.1%) patients continued NAs, and 393 (31.9%) patients discontinued NAs. Continuation of NAs was identified as an independent risk factor for RFS (HR 2.047, 95% CI 1.348–3.109, p < 0.001 before PSM and HR 2.756, 95% CI 1.537–4.942, p < 0.001 after PSM) in HBsAg‐negative patients. Similarly, subgroup survival analyses showed that NA discontinuation was associated with better RFS (p = 0.029 before PSM and p < 0.001 after PSM) and comparable OS (p = 0.935 before PSM and p = 0.115 after PSM) than NA continuation in HBsAg‐negative patients. The interaction between HBsAg status and continuation or discontinuation of NAs was significant (p for interaction <0.001).

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate the potential for HBeAg‐negative HBV‐related HCC patients who have achieved HBsAg seroclearance to discontinue NAs under strict monitoring.
Investigation of Neighboring Group Participation in 3,4‐Diacetylated Glycosyl Donors in the Gas Phase
Authors: ter Braak Floor , Houthuijs Kas J. , Elferink Hidde , Kromm Alexandra , van Wieringen Teun , Berden Giel , Martens Jonathan , Oomens Jos , Boltje Thomas J.
Published: September 2024

A key challenge in oligosaccharide synthesis is the stereoselective installation of glycosidic bonds. Each glycosidic linkage has one of two possible stereo‐chemical geometries, α/β or 1,2‐cis/trans. An established approach to install 1,2‐trans glycosidic bonds is neighboring group participation (NGP), mediated by a 2‐O‐acyl group. Extension of this intramolecular stabilization to nucleophilic groups located at more remote positions has also been suggested, but remains poorly understood. Previously, we employed infrared ion spectroscopy to characterize the molecular ions of monoacetylated sugar donors and showed how the strength of the stabilizing effect depends on the position of the participating ester group on the glycosyl donor ring as well as on its relative stereochemistry. In this work, we investigated glycosyl donors carrying two acyl groups. Using isotope labelling and isomer population analysis we were able to resolving spectra of isomeric mixtures and establish the relative contribution of individual species. We conclude that 3,4‐diacetyl mannosyl donors exclusively form a dioxanium ion as a result of C‐3 acyl stabilization. In contrast, the glucosyl and galactosyl cations form mixtures of C‐3 and C‐4 acyl participation products. Hence, the combination of isotope labeling and population analysis allows for the study of increasingly complex glycosyl cations.
Corporate social responsibility and circular economy integration framework within sustainable supply chain management: Building blocks for industry 5.0
Authors: Santiago Bruna da Silva , Scavarda Luiz Felipe , Gusmão Caiado Rodrigo Goyannes , Santos Renan Silva , Mattos Nascimento Daniel Luiz de
Published: September 2024

The emergence of Industry 5.0 (I5.0) underscores the importance of integrating sustainability and human‐centricity into organizations. This requires combining corporate social responsibility (CSR) and circular economy (CE) within sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). However, the interplay between CSR, CE, and SSCM remains underexplored, especially in the context of I5.0. Therefore, this article proposes a framework for integrating CSR and CE principles within SSCM, serving as a transition to I5.0. The framework is derived from a comprehensive scoping review and experts' input, with a backdrop of the business legitimacy theory. It comprises several key constructs, including the supply chain structure and promoters, organized around four pillars representing the components of CE and embracing the triple bottom line dimensions. With 12 guidelines, the framework stands as a practical tool for organizations aiming to seamlessly integrate CSR and CE within SSCM, facilitating the transition to I5.0 and promoting a sustainable, socially responsible ethos.
Human phase‐I metabolism of three synthetic cannabinoids bearing a cumyl moiety and a cyclobutyl methyl or norbornyl methyl tail: Cumyl‐CBMEGACLONE, Cumyl‐NBMEGACLONE, and Cumyl‐NBMINACA
Authors: Giorgetti Arianna , Brunetti Pietro , Haschimi Belal , Pulver Benedikt , Pascali Jennifer Paola , Riedel Jan , Auwärter Volker
Published: September 2024

Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) continue to show high prevalence on the new psychoactive substances drug market. Around 2019–2020, new SCRAs bearing a cumyl moiety emerged: Cumyl‐CBMEGACLONE and Cumyl‐NBMEGACLONE, carrying a cyclobutyl methyl (CBM) and a norbornyl methyl moiety (NBM) attached to the γ‐carbolinone core. These were followed by Cumyl‐NBMINACA, the indazole carboxamide analog of Cumyl‐NBMEGACLONE. The study aimed at evaluating the human phase‐I metabolism of these compounds and at identifying suitable urinary markers to prove their consumption. After enzymatic hydrolysis, 14 authentic urine samples (eight for Cumyl‐CBMEGACLONE, four for Cumyl‐NBMEGACLONE, and two for Cumyl‐NBMINACA) were analyzed by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Results were compared with in vitro metabolites generated by pooled human liver microsomes incubation. Fifteen human phase‐I metabolites were identified for Cumyl‐CBMEGACLONE, nine for Cumyl‐NBMEGACLONE, and thirteen for Cumyl‐NBMINACA. The main in vivo metabolites were built by monohydroxylation, dihydroxylation, or trihydroxylation. The following urinary biomarkers are suggested for detecting the consumption of the investigated SCRAs: products of monohydroxylation at the CBM and at the core for Cumyl‐CBMEGACLONE; two products of monohydroxylation at the norbonyl methyl tail for Cumyl‐NBMEGACLONE; and metabolites built by dihydroxylation at the NBM substructure and by an additional hydroxylation at the cumyl moiety for Cumyl‐NBMINACA.
Widespread introduced species dominate the urban tree assemblage on the endemic‐rich tropical island of São Tomé
Authors: Strauß Lena , de Lima Ricardo F. , Baker Timothy R. , Benitez Bosco Laura , Dauby Gilles , Lachenaud Olivier , Lima Angela , Madre Deus Dilson , Madureira Maria do Céu , Soares Estevão , Sousa Pascoal , Stévart Tariq , Dallimer Martin
Published: September 2024

The Afrotropics are experiencing some of the fastest urbanisation rates on the planet but the impact of city growth on their rich and unique biodiversity remains understudied, especially compared to natural baselines. Little is also known about how introduced species influence β‐diversity in these contexts, and how patterns coincide with native ranges of species. Here we investigated how tree assemblages of the endemic‐rich Afrotropical island of São Tomé differed between urban, rural and natural zones. These were primarily characterised by urban greenspaces, shade plantations, and old‐growth forests, respectively. Based on 81 transects, we assessed biodiversity metrics of endemic, native and introduced species. Tree abundance and species richness were highest in the natural zone, where the composition was most different from the urban zone. The tree community of the rural zone was the most uneven and had the least variation among transects, representing the lowest β‐diversity. The urban zone was dominated by introduced species (57.7%), while the natural zone hosted almost exclusively native species (93.3%), including many endemics (26.1%). The biogeographic realms that species originated from were particularly diverse in the urban zone, with few species from the Afrotropics. In contrast to native and endemic trees, introduced trees were clearly associated with urban and rural expansion, as they were much more abundant and species‐rich in these zones than in the natural zone, facilitating biotic homogenisation. These findings highlight how urban and rural environments are affecting the native tree flora of São Tomé, and the need for conservation measures geared towards globally threatened and endemic tree species. Importantly, these require the protection of natural forests, despite the rising land demands for settlements and agriculture. Ultimately, such action to conserve endemic trees will contribute to global efforts to prevent further biodiversity declines.
Ecological drivers of carrion beetle (Staphylinidae: Silphinae) diversity on small to large mammals
Authors: Büchner Gwen , Hothorn Torsten , Feldhaar Heike , von Hoermann Christian , Lackner Tomáš , Rietz Janine , Schlüter Jens , Mitesser Oliver , Benbow M. Eric , Heurich Marco , Müller Jörg
Published: September 2024

Silphinae (Staphylinidae; carrion beetles) are important contributors to the efficient decomposition and recycling of carrion necromass. Their community composition is important for the provision of this ecosystem function and can be affected by abiotic and biotic factors. However, investigations are lacking on the effects of carrion characteristics on Silphinae diversity. Carrion body mass may affect Silphinae diversity following the more individuals hypothesis (MIH). The MIH predicts a higher number of species at larger carrion because higher numbers of individuals can be supported on the resource patch. Additionally, biotic factors like carrion species identity or decomposition stage, and the abiotic factors elevation, season and temperature could affect Silphinae diversity. To test the hypotheses, we collected Silphinae throughout the decomposition of 100 carcasses representing 10 mammal species ranging from 0.04 to 124 kg. Experimental carcasses were exposed in a mountain forest landscape in Germany during spring and summer of 2021. We analysed Silphinae diversity using recently developed transformation models that considered the difficult data distribution we obtained. We found no consistent effect of carrion body mass on Silphinae species richness and, therefore, rejected the MIH. Carrion decomposition stage, in contrast, strongly influenced Silphinae diversity. Abundance and species richness increased with the decomposition process. Silphinae abundance increased with temperature and decreased with elevation. Furthermore, Silphinae abundance was lower in summer compared to spring, likely due to increased co‐occurrence and competition with dipteran larvae in summer. Neither carrion species identity nor any abiotic factor affected Silphinae species richness following a pattern consistent throughout the seasons. Our approach combining a broad study design with an improved method for data analysis, transformation models, revealed new insights into mechanisms driving carrion beetle diversity during carrion decomposition. Overall, our study illustrates the complexity and multifactorial nature of biotic and abiotic factors affecting diversity.
Advances and challenges in ecological connectivity science
Authors: Liczner Amanda R. , Pither Richard , Bennett Joseph R. , Bowman Jeff , Hall Kimberly R. , Fletcher Robert J. , Ford Adam T. , Michalak Julia L. , Rayfield Bronwyn , Wittische Julian , Pither Jason
Published: September 2024

Maintaining and restoring ecological connectivity will be key in helping to prevent and reverse the loss of biodiversity. Fortunately, a growing body of research conducted over the last few decades has advanced our understanding of connectivity science, which will help inform evidence‐based connectivity conservation actions. Increases in data availability and computing capacity have helped to dramatically increase our ability to model functional connectivity using more sophisticated models. Keeping track of these advances can be difficult, even for connectivity scientists and practitioners. In this article, we highlight some key advances from the past decade and outline many of the remaining challenges. We describe the efforts to increase the biological realism of connectivity models by, for example, isolating movement behaviors, population parameters, directional movements, and the effects of climate change. We also discuss considerations of when to model connectivity for focal or multiple species. Finally, we reflect on how to account for uncertainty and increase the transparency and reproducibility of connectivity research and discuss situations where decisions may require forgoing sophistication for more simple approaches.
Natural products‐based antiangiogenic agents: New frontiers in cancer therapy
Authors: Azevedo Tiago , Ferreira Tiago , Peña‐Corona Sheila I. , Cortes Hernán , Silva‐Reis Rita , da Costa Rui M. Gil , Faustino‐Rocha Ana I. , Oliveira Paula A. , Calina Daniela , Cardoso Susana M. , Büsselberg Dietrich , Leyva‐Gómez Gerardo , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Cho William C.
Published: September 2024

Angiogenesis, vital for tumor growth and metastasis, is a promising target in cancer therapy. Natural compounds offer potential as antiangiogenic agents with reduced toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural product‐based antiangiogenic therapies, focusing on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. A systematic search identified relevant articles from 2019 to 2023. Various natural compounds, including polyphenols, terpenes, alkaloids, cannabinoids, omega‐3 fatty acids, polysaccharides, proteins, and carotenoids, were investigated for their antiangiogenic properties. Challenges such as dose standardization, routes of administration, and potential side effects remain. Further studies, including in‐depth animal models and human epidemiological studies, must elucidate clinical efficacy and safety. Synergistic effects with current antiangiogenic therapies, such as bevacizumab and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, should be explored. Additionally, the potential hormone‐dependent effects of compounds like genistein highlight the need for safety evaluation. In conclusion, natural products hold promise as adjunctive therapies to conventional antineoplastic drugs in modulating angiogenesis in cancer. However, robust clinical trials are needed to validate preclinical findings and ensure safety and efficacy.
Hepatocellular carcinoma and AIM2: Therapeutic potential through regulation of autophagy and macrophage polarization
Authors: Xie Shuangshuang , Wang Cuiyun , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Cheng , Yu Jinhong , Ma Shumin , Li Qiang , Du Wenjun
Published: September 2024

Objective

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a significant challenge to global health. Its pathophysiology involves interconnected processes, including cell proliferation, autophagy, and macrophage polarization. However, the role of Absent in Melanoma 2 (AIM2) in HCC remains elusive.

Methods

The expression of AIM2 in Huh‐7 and Hep3B cell lines was manipulated and cell proliferation, autophagy, apoptosis, and migration/invasion, together with the polarization of M2 macrophages, were evaluated. The markers of autophagy pathway, LC3B, Beclin‐1, and P62, underwent examination through Western blot analysis. An autophagy inhibitor, 3‐MA, was used to measured the role of autophagy in HCC. Finally, the effect of AIM2 overexpression on HCC was further evaluated using a subcutaneous tumor model in nude mice.

Results

Our results established that AIM2 overexpression inhibits HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis and autophagy. Conversely, knockdown of AIM2 engendered opposite effects. AIM2 overexpression was correlated with reduced M2 macrophage polarization. The autophagy inhibitor substantiated AIM2's role in autophagy and identified its downstream impact on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and macrophage polarization. In the in vivo model, overexpression of AIM2 led to the inhibition of HCC tumor growth.

Conclusion

The findings underscore AIM2's crucial function in modulating major biological processes in HCC, pointing to its potential as a therapeutic target. This study inaugurally demonstrated that AIM2 activates autophagy and influences macrophage polarization, playing a role in liver cancer progression.
Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among first time visitors at STIs clinic in Hangzhou, China: Assessing the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tian Jiyun , Chen Shi , Li Xinzheng , Teng Yong , Chen Baobing
Published: September 2024

Background

This study assesses the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in first time visitors to the STIs clinic in Hangzhou, China, considering different genders, ages and symptoms. And also explores howthe COVID‐19 pandemic has affected on STIs.

Methods

From 2019 to 2023, 27,283 first time visitors were tested for nine distinct STIs, includingHuman Papillomavirus(HPV),Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV), syphilis,Herpes Simplex Virus type 2(HSV‐2),Ureaplasma urealyticum(UU),Chlamydia trachomatis(CT),Neisseria gonorrhoeae(NG),Mycoplasma genitalium(MG), and vaginal Candida.

Results

Symptomatic male and female visitors showed overall STI‐positive rates of 39.27% and 59.20%, respectively(p < .001). The top three pathogens in both genders were HPV (47.56% and 56.71%), UU (29.21% and 56.47%), and HSV‐2 (22.41% and 52.94%). Among asymptomatic visitors, the total STI‐positive rate was 36.63% in males and 52.03% in females. Age‐stratified analysis revealed higher STI rates in visitors ≤ 20 or >50 years, regardless of gender and symptoms. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, symptomatic visitors showed lower positive rates for HPV, HIV, syphilis, and HSV‐2, while Candida, UU, CT, NG, and multiple infections increased. Among asymptomatic visitors, HPV had the lowest positive rate, while NG and multiple infections increased during the pandemic.

Conclusion

STI prevalence is notably high, particularly in those aged ≤ 20 and >50 years. It emphasizes the need for enhanced health education, condom use, and vaccination. The COVID‐19 pandemic impacting STIs through varied factors, such as reduced sexual activity and clinical service interruption.
Aneuploidy in neoplasia: Single‐cell data on 83,862 tumors
Authors: Mertens Fredrik , Hofvander Jakob , Mandahl Nils , Mitelman Felix
Published: September 2024

Chromosomal aneuploidy, that is, numerical chromosome aberrations, is one of the molecular hallmarks of cancer. However, when neoplasms are studied with sequencing‐ and array‐based approaches, chromosome numbers and ploidy states are typically inferred from bulk DNA data. Furthermore, published molecular estimates of neoplasia‐associated aneuploidy often also include genomic imbalances resulting from various types of structural rearrangement, which likely result from other mechanisms than numerical chromosome aberrations. We thus analyzed chromosome numbers using single‐cell cytogenetic data from 83,862 tumors, and show that both benign and malignant tumors are highly heterogeneous with regard to deviations from the normal, diploid state. Focusing on the chromosome numbers in 112 specific tumor types, defined by both exact morphologic diagnosis and organ location and from which data from ≥50 cases were available, we found two major clusters: one predominated by near‐diploid neoplasms and one by neoplasms with extensive aneuploidy and one or more whole genome doublings. The former cluster included most benign solid tumors, myeloid neoplasms, and malignant gene fusion‐associated solid tumors, whereas the latter was predominated by malignant solid tumors and lymphomas. For 16 malignant tumor types, the distribution of chromosome numbers could be compared to TCGA ploidy level data. Cytogenetic and molecular data correlated well, but the former indicates a higher level of clonal heterogeneity. The results presented here suggest shared pathogenetic mechanisms in certain tumor types and provide a reference for molecular analyses.
Robot‐assisted pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction complicating horseshoe kidney
Authors: Nishikimi Toshinori , Ohashi Tomoyoshi , Yamada Hiroshi , Morikami Hiroko , Nagasaka Yuriko , Mizuno Hideki
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Horseshoe kidney is characterized by midline fusion of the lower poles of both kidneys. We report a case where robot‐assisted pyeloplasty was performed for hydronephrosis complicating horseshoe kidney.

Case presentation

A 31‐year‐old man repeatedly developed fever since childhood. He visited a local clinic for fever and left back pain, where he was diagnosed and treated for acute pyelonephritis. Abdominal computed tomography led to a diagnosis of horseshoe kidney and associated left ureteropelvic junction obstruction. He was referred to our hospital for pyeloplasty because of persistent left back pain. Robot‐assisted left pyeloplasty was performed using the Anderson–Hynes technique with four ports because crossing vessels were discovered intraoperatively. Isthmusectomy was not performed. The postoperative course was favorable. Computed tomography performed approximately 2 years post‐surgery showed improvement in hydronephrosis. No left back pain was reported.

Conclusion

Our case experience suggests the utility of robot‐assisted pyeloplasty for patients with horseshoe kidney.
Review and Evidence Gap Map of mentoring programs for adolescent males with disabilities
Authors: Van Ryzin Mark J. , Rochelle Jonathan L. , Sinclair James , Lind John
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Adolescent males with disabilities face unique challenges, and mentoring programs designed for this population could support more positive long‐term outcomes. In the current study, a scoping review of empirical research on such programs was conducted. The review was intended to capture the characteristics of existing mentoring program for males with disabilities and map those characteristics in a way that sheds light on the overall status of the field.

Methods

The review included different types of mentoring (e.g., adult to child, peer to peer, etc.) as long as the program explicitly defined the formation of a long‐term relationship between mentor and mentee. The search identified 21 relevant studies that were categorized using four dimensions: 1) Setting (i.e., school/after school, community‐based, on‐line/virtual, or mixed); 2) Sex (i.e., males only or mixed males/females); 3) Outcomes (i.e., academics, social‐emotional skills, health, transition from high school, or program implementation); and 4) Evaluation methodology (i.e., experimental, nonexperimental, or qualitative). The findings are summarized in an Evidence Gap Map.

Results

Only three studies used an experimental design, although they were able to demonstrate significant promise in promoting positive outcomes for youth with disabilities. Beyond these studies, however, there was little evidence supporting program efficacy for males with disabilities, as most studies in the sample were nonexperimental in nature.

Conclusions

Overall there are few mentoring programs that target this population, and experimental research on programs that target academic and health outcomes is particularly lacking.
Full‐dimensional coupled‐channel statistical approach to atom‐triatom systems and applications to H/D + O3 reaction
Authors: Yang Dongzheng , Guo Hua
Published: September 2024

The statistical quantum model (SQM), which assumes that the reactivity is controlled by entrance/exit channel quantum capture probabilities, is well suited for chemical reactions with a long‐lived intermediate complex. In this work, a time‐independent coupled‐channel implementation of the SQM approach is developed for atom‐triatom systems in full dimensionality. As SQM treats the capture dynamics quantum mechanically, it is capable of handling quantum effects such as tunneling. A detailed study of the H/D + O3 capture dynamics was performed by applying the newly developed SQM method on an accurate global potential energy surface. Agreement with previous ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) results on the same potential energy surface is excellent except for very low temperatures. The SQM results are also in reasonably good agreement with available experimental rate coefficients. The strong H/D kinetic isotope effect underscores the dominant role of quantum tunneling under an entrance channel barrier at low temperatures.
重症熱中症との鑑別に苦慮したCOVID–19関連の急性壊死性脳症の成人例(An adult case of COVID–19–associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy mimicking severe heat stroke)
Authors: 公一 犬飼 , 豪 岸谷 , 俊満 小堀 , 敬祐 渡邉 , 寛之 金子 , 裕介 伊藤 , 宏隆 澤野
Published: September 2024

急性壊死性脳症（acute necrotizing encephalopathy: ANE）は，急速に進行する神経症状を特徴とするウイルス感染の稀な中枢神経系合併症であり，典型的には小児に発症する重篤な急性脳症の一種である。COVID–19もANEを起こすことが知られているが，本邦では小児例が散見されるが，成人例においては未だ報告がない。今回我々は，成人に発症したCOVID–19関連のANEの1例を経験したので報告する。症例はとくに既往のない73歳の男性。入浴中に意識レベルが低下しているのを発見され，当院に搬送された。来院時，意識障害，高体温，頻脈を認めた。SARS–CoV–2抗原検査は陽性であったが，血液および髄液検査，頭部CT所見からは意識障害の原因となるような所見はなく，重症熱中症と診断しICU入室となった。入室後より臓器障害が進行し，播種性血管内凝固症候群となったため，最重症型の熱中症を疑い集中治療を行った。意識障害が遷延したため，第6病日に頭部MRIを施行したところ，ANEに特徴的な画像所見を認め，ANEと確定診断した。免疫抑制療法を施行せずICUを生存退室し，その後意識障害も改善した。COVID–19関連のANEは世界的にも症例数が少なく未知な部分が多いが，臨床データや経過は熱中症に類似する点が多いため注意が必要である。
幻視や幻聴，姿勢保持障害など精神病症状を主訴に来院した慢性硬膜下血腫の1例(Chronic subdural hematoma presenting with psychotic symptoms such as visual and auditory hallucinations, and postural instability: a case report)
Authors: 純 須貝 , 圭 大谷 , 錬平 仙石 , 雅彦 卯津羅
Published: September 2024

慢性硬膜下血腫は意識障害や認知機能障害，対側の運動麻痺，頭痛や嘔吐など多彩な症状を呈し，ときに迅速な診断に難渋する。我々は初発症状として幻視や幻聴を訴えた慢性硬膜下血腫の症例を経験したのでここに報告する。症例は68歳の女性。来院1か月前からとくに誘因なく，「悪魔が出てトイレに行けない」「いつも音楽が聞こえる」といった幻視や幻聴が出現，来院前日に幻視や幻聴の症状が増悪し，姿勢に関係なく常に体が左に傾くようになったため，当院救急部を受診した。来院時，意識はほぼ清明であり，呼吸循環動態は安定していた。頭部CT検査で，右前頭部優位に硬膜下血腫を認め，左方への正中偏位を伴っていた。右慢性硬膜下血腫と診断し，翌日穿頭血腫洗浄術を施行した。その後，幻視や幻聴および体幹の傾きは消失し，主訴の改善を認めたため自宅退院した。
救命救急センターに搬送された高齢者の救命処置に対する意思変更に関連する病院前因子(Prehospital factors associated with changes in intent after hospital arrival regarding life–saving procedures in elderly patients transported to a tertiary emergency medical center)
Authors: 尚一郎 濱田 , 幹男 中島 , 愛吏 影山 , リチャード カシンスキー・ , 槙 三輪 , 正幸 大田原 , 智継 中野
Published: September 2024

【目的】救急隊は患者や家族等から救命処置に対する意思・希望を確認し救命救急センターへの搬送を決定するが，病着後早期に意思・希望が変更となる症例も散見される。しかし搬送後に意思変更された症例の実態に関する報告はない。本研究では，意思変更された症例の割合を調査し，関連する病院前因子を明らかにすることを目的とした。【対象】2022年1月から2023年6月までに都立広尾病院救命救急センターへ救急搬送された65歳以上の患者のうち，救急隊到着時心肺停止ないしは転院搬送を除いた症例を対象とした。対象症例の年齢，性別，介護度，搬送元，意思決定者，疾患分類，意思変更の有無，変更のタイミングを調査項目とした。来院後24時間以内に意思変更があった意思変更群と対照群に分け，これらを比較検討した。さらに意思変更に関連する病院前因子をロジスティック回帰分析で検討した。【結果】対象症例は335例，意思変更群143例（43%），対照群192例であった。ロジスティック回帰分析では，高齢患者，要介護認定患者，キーパーソンによる意思決定，内因性疾患による搬送が意思変更と有意に関連する病院前因子であった。【結語】救命救急センター搬送後の意思変更の割合と関連因子が明らかとなった。高齢患者，要介護認定患者，キーパーソンによる意思決定，内因性疾患の背景を持つ患者では病院選定において慎重な対応が必要である。
Diversity, equity, and inclusion programs' emphasis on symbolism: Causes and consequences
Authors: Levi Ariel , Fried Yitzhak
Published: September 2024

In this article, we attempt to explain why diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs have become so widespread and central to organizations today. We propose that organizations have responded to powerful societal forces that emphasize the importance of diversity. Because achieving diversity is often difficult, organizations often emphasize the symbolic aspects of diversity, including mission statements on diversity and the creation of units to promote the organization's DEI reputation. This emphasis on diversity symbolism has led to some unintended and negative consequences. A major consequence is that organizations become vulnerable to the charge that they are engaging in “window dressing.” This charge can lead organizations to respond by setting even more difficult‐to‐achieve goals. We cite illustrative examples in which stakeholders have called on organizations to actually achieve diversity, prompting a new round of diversity‐related goal‐setting sometimes accompanied by legally questionable human resource procedures (e.g., preferential hiring). Another negative consequence of diversity symbolism is that it incentivizes a focus on surface rather than deep dimensions of diversity. This displacement of deep by surface level diversity may cause organization to forgo the advantages potentially afforded by the former relative to the latter. We suggest that the tradeoffs inherent in DEI warrant caution and realism in program implementation.
Uncertainty in healthcare operations: How hospitals weather the perfect storm
Authors: Thirumalai Sriram , Devaraj Sarv , Browning Tyson R.
Published: September 2024

We focus on two of the many sources of uncertainty in healthcare operations, mix uncertainty – the variation in the complexity of care required by the patient mix, and volume uncertainty – the variation in the volume of care demanded by the patient population. Using an interdisciplinary perspective, we study the impact of mix and volume uncertainties on two important healthcare outcomes, length of stay and number of procedures, along with the mitigation impacts of the operational concepts of related focus and utilization levels. Based on large dataset of 830,853 patient discharges in 26 clinical departments across 731 hospitals in five U.S. Midwest states, our results indicate that mix and volume uncertainties each have a significant impact on patient care. We also find that related focus and department utilization levels have a mitigating effect on uncertainty in healthcare settings. Lastly, we find considerable heterogeneity in the effects of uncertainty across hospital types and departments. We discuss key research and managerial implications of our findings.
The optimal polynomial decay in the extensible Timoshenko system
Authors: Aouadi Moncef
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we derive the equations that constitute the nonlinear mathematical model of an extensible thermoelastic Timoshenko system. The nonlinear governing equations are derived by applying the Hamilton principle to full von Kármán equations. The model takes account of the effects of extensibility, where the dissipations are entirely contributed by temperature. Based on the semigroups theory, we establish existence and uniqueness of weak and strong solutions to the derived problem. By using a resolvent criterion, developed by Borichev and Tomilov, we prove the optimality of the polynomial decay rate of the considered problem under the condition (65). Moreover, by an approach based on the Gearhart–Herbst–Prüss–Huang theorem, we show the non‐exponential stability of the same problem; but strongly stable by following a result due to Arendt–Batty. In the absence of additional mechanical dissipations, the system is often not highly stable. By adding a damping frictional function to the first equation of the nonlinear derived model with extensibility and using the multiplier method, we show that the solutions decay exponentially if Equation (85) holds.
The concentration–compactness principle for Orlicz spaces and applications
Authors: Bonder Julián Fernández , Silva Analía
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we extend the well‐known concentration–compactness principle of P.L. Lions to Orlicz spaces. As an application, we show an existence result to some critical elliptic problem with nonstandard growth.
Entropy solutions to the fully nonlocal diffusion equations
Authors: Li Ying , Zhang Chao
Published: September 2024

We consider the fully nonlocal diffusion equations with nonnegative ‐data. Based on the approximation and energy methods, we prove the existence and uniqueness of nonnegative entropy solutions for such problems. In particular, our results are valid for the time‐space fractional Laplacian equations.