bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Android Application Security
Authors: Omar Marwan , Mohammed Derek , Nguyen Van , Dawson Maurice , Banisakher Mubarak
Published: May 2019

Android is a free, open source platform that allows any developer to submit apps to the Android Market with no restrictions. This enables hackers to pass their malicious apps to the Android Market as legitimate apps. The central issue lies at the heart of the Android permission mechanism, which is not capable of blocking malicious apps from accessing sensitive phone resources (e.g., contact info and browsing history); it either allows or disallows apps from accessing the resources requested by the app at the installation time. This chapter investigated the scope of this issue and concluded that hackers use malicious apps as attack vectors to compromise Android smartphones and steal confidential data and that no security solutions exist to combat malicious apps. The researcher suggested designing a real time monitoring application to detect and deter malicious apps from compromising users' sensitive data; such application is necessary for Android users to protect their privacy and prevent financial loss.
Inevitable Battle Against Botnets
Authors: Firat Ibrahim
Published: May 2019

It is undeniable that technology is developing and growing at an unstoppable pace. Technology has become a part of people's daily lives. It has been used for many purposes but mainly to make human life easier. In addition to being useful, these advancements in technology have some bad consequences. A new malware called botnet has recently emerged. It is considered to be one of the most important and dangerous cyber security problems as it is not well understood and evolves quickly. Communication of bots between each other and their botmaster results in the formation of botnet; this is also known as a zombie army. As botnets become popular among cybercriminals, more studies have been done in botnet detection area. Researchers have developed new detection mechanisms in order to understand and tackle this growing botnet issue. This chapter aims to review working principles of botnets and botnet detection mechanisms in order to increase general knowledge about botnets.
Understanding Student Learning Behavior and Predicting Their Performance
Authors: Wasif Muhammad , Waheed Hajra , Aljohani Naif R , Hassan Saeed-Ul
Published: May 2019

Despite the increase in the adoption of online educational platforms, student retention is still a challenging task with a number of students having low performance margins during these courses. This chapter intends to predict student performance based on their learning behavior on the basis of their logging data history, using the publicly available Open University Learning Analytics Dataset. To model this problem, logistic regression (LR) is used as a baseline technique. Additionally, random forest (RF), multiple layered perceptron with multiple activation functions, and Gaussian Naïve Bayes are also deployed. The results demonstrate that RF outperforms the baseline LR and other models with 89% accuracy, 89% precision, 88% recall, and 88% F1-score. Finally, the authors conclude that using the above-mentioned models, students “at-risk” can be identified which can be managed by an alert mechanism to improve student success rate by making timely interventions.
Managing the Learner Model With Multi-Entity Bayesian Networks in Adaptive Hypermedia Systems
Authors: Tadlaoui Mouenis Anouar , Carvalho Rommel Novaes , Khaldi Mohamed
Published: May 2019

Modeling the learner in adaptive systems involves different information. There are several methods to manage the learner model. They do not handle the uncertainty in the dynamic modeling of the learner. The main hypothesis of this chapter is the management of the learner model based on multi-entity Bayesian networks. This chapter focuses on modeling the learner model in a dynamic and probabilistic way. The authors propose in this work the use of the notion of fragments and m-theory to lead to a Bayesian multi-entity network. The use of this Bayesian method can handle the whole course of a learner as well as all of its shares in an adaptive educational hypermedia.
Virtual and Augmented Reality in Medical Education and Training
Authors: Papadopoulou Paraskevi , Chui Kwok Tai , Daniela Linda , Lytras Miltiadis D.
Published: May 2019

Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR & AR) with its various computer-based virtual simulations and teaching aids have already begun to transform the medical education and training. The use of virtual labs and anatomy lessons including the use of Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) as in the delivery of lectures and surgery operations are explored. The purpose of this chapter is to promote the role of VR & AR in the context of medical education as an innovative, effective, and cost-reasonable solution for the provision of better and faster practical training. This chapter overall investigates and explores the potential of VLEs in terms of the necessary concepts and principles that allow students to develop a more direct and meaningful experiential understanding of the learning goals and outcomes of courses and of the practical and transferable skills required. A business model related to cloud active learning in medical education and training is proposed in line with the idea of an Open Agora of Virtual Reality Learning Services.
The Exploration of Automated Image Processing Techniques in the Study of Scientific Argumentation
Authors: Pei Bo , Zhao Henglv , Xing Wanli , Lee Hee-Sun
Published: May 2019

Scientific argumentation is an epistemic practice where scientific theories are proposed, refined, and refuted, and also a language-based practice where evidence is provided in support of claims. This chapter explores how techniques of computerized image processing can help researchers to identify relationships between features of images and the quality of written artifacts used in scientific argumentation. In this chapter, secondary school students worked in an interactive simulation model and made claims about whether rain water was trapped underground. Automated image processing was employed to precisely quantify several image features relevant to the students' claims. Chi-square tests and independent samples t-tests were used to determine the relationships between the extracted features and the argumentation. The results revealed that the presence of a line on a student's snapshot had a significant effect on that student's claim and explanation scores and the starting and endpoints of the students' lines significantly influenced their explanation scores, but not their claim scores.
Evaluation of Mobile Apps for Chinese Language Learning
Authors: Leja Liva
Published: May 2019

More and more people around the world choose to learn Chinese as a foreign language. However, due to its specifics, people often encounter difficulties in learning it. As a result of technological development, there are a number of useful tools that can improve the learning process, including various learning mobile applications (apps). Considering the huge amount of language learning applications and the lack of a unified evaluation system, it is possible to get lost in the options offered. The purpose of this chapter was to create criteria for evaluating Chinese language learning mobile apps that would help users with finding effective apps for learning Chinese as a foreign language.
Modern Health Management With Cognitive Computing and Big Data Analytics
Authors: Rath Mamata
Published: May 2019

Big data analytics is an refined advancement for fusion of large data sets that include a collection of data elements to expose hidden prototype, undetected associations, showcase business logic, client inclinations, and other helpful business information. Big data analytics involves challenging techniques to mine and extract relevant data that includes the actions of penetrating a database, effectively mining the data, querying and inspecting data committed to enhance the technical execution of various task segments. The capacity to synthesize a lot of data can enable an association to manage impressive data that can influence the business. In this way, the primary goal of big data analytics is to help business relationship to have enhanced comprehension of data and, subsequently, settle on proficient and educated decisions.
Virtual Reality in Visual Analytics of Large Datasets
Authors: Khan Sameera
Published: May 2019

Visual analytics can be defined as a representation of data in form of diagrams, charts, pictures, graphs, etc., whereas virtual reality is a term used for the simulated interactive environment that exploits multiple sense organs of human beings to perceive information. Both of these techniques are merged to create an interactive environment for data visualization and analysis. Often it happens that a large volume of data is complex to represent, so to represent large, congested, and complex data in a manageable and comprehensive form, visual analytics is the need of an hour. The chapter discusses the scope of visual analytics, the role of virtual reality in visual analytics, challenges in VA using VR, tools used to implement it, use, and applications.
Application of Direct and Indirect Human-Centered Design Techniques With Dyslexic Users
Authors: Hagelkruys Dominik , Motschnig Renate
Published: May 2019

Designing for people with special needs, especially cognitive and affective needs, can be challenging. Human-centered design (HCD), which inherently promotes user-inclusion and promises products that fit the users' needs, seems to be an optimal solution for such tasks. But can an HCD-approach be easily applied with special needs users? How much adaptation is necessary to perform classical HCD-techniques with users affected by certain difficulties? This chapter discusses the insights gathered and strategies adopted while applying human-centered design in the LITERACY-project, a project of the European Union aiming at improving social inclusion of youth and adults with dyslexia, by creating an interactive web-portal. Hopefully, this case study provides insight on and gives courage for inclusion of end-users even though—or particularly because—they have special needs.
Observations on Design Thinking in Novice Designers While Empathizing With Persona
Authors: Dahiya Abhishek , Kumar Jyoti
Published: May 2019

Personas are a rich source of user information that assists designers at various stages of the design process. HCI designers use personas to help them explicate the understanding of their target users. Design literature advocates that personas are not only a source of information about users but also a tool to empathize with them. This chapter reports observations from an experimental study done on novice designers on how empathizing with persona affected their design solutions. A total of 50 novice designers participated in this study. Participants were asked to solve a graphical design problem for the persona. The data collected was analyzed through expert rating on design solutions on the basis of directness of illustration of persona information and verbal protocols. On the basis of direct illustration of persona information on design solutions, it was observed that empathizing with persona helped designers to iterate more on design thinking.
A Protocol for Reviewing Off-the-Shelf Games to Inform the Development of New Educational Games
Authors: Torres Castillo Ruth , Morales Sara
Published: May 2019

This chapter shares a protocol for reviewing games and documents the process in which it was used by an educational game design team for evaluating existing games to inform the design and development of new games for early algebra. While the design team has used their own learning games design model to develop several games—all of which included some kind of immersive learning and review activity—there has been no documentation provided on the specific processes used to review games as part of that immersion. Observations offer structured means for assessing existing games in a particular space and are thus valuable to identify how best to pursue the alignment of learning objectives with teaching content and game mechanics in the development of educational games.
Using Augmented-Reality to Aid in Lego Construction
Authors: Ruiz Jr. Conrado , Simeon Juan Lorenzo , Koa Kingston Anthony , Caingles John Israel Domingo , Bagamaspad Anne Marielle
Published: May 2019

LEGO structures are generally constructed by following an instruction manual in paper or digital form, which shows the LEGO model at different stages of assembly. Some instructions can be very complicated and difficult to illustrate on paper. Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that superimposes 3D models onto the physical world. This chapter explores the use of AR for assembly through a mobile application for Android devices that serves as an assembly guide for LEGO structures. The system can recognize the current step of the LEGO assembly using data captured via Microsoft Kinect while providing visual feedback through a mobile application. To identify the current step, the system obtains the color and depth data from the Kinect camera and converts the data into a point cloud, which is compared to stored LEGO model data. The system was evaluated based on the accuracy of the recognition, latency of the feedback and the assembly time of the user.
An ARM Framework for F2P Mobile Games
Authors: Filho Marisardo Bezerra de Medeiros , Fernandes Farley , Calado Felipe Matheus , Neves André Menezes Marques
Published: May 2019

This chapter presents an ARM (acquisition, retention, and monetization) framework for F2P (free-to-play) mobile games to be used as to support game design practice and research. ARM strategies are dispersed throughout various sources such as websites, papers, and books, hampering the work of researchers and practitioners in this field. The aim of this framework is to list and organize these strategies into a single source. A literature research about ARM strategies in F2P mobile games was conducted to identify and select elements. Based on surveys with game development professionals, some of these elements were polished, merged, or removed. Finally, these elements were organized into a single framework, consisting of 3 main categories (acquisition, retention, and monetization), 8 subcategories, and 59 specific elements.
Introduction to a Collaborative Mobile Web Platform
Authors: Araújo Isabel , Faria Pedro Miguel
Published: May 2019

From an early age, young people use mobile devices and are known as a “native digital generation,” who constantly access information through mobile devices. Thus, educational practices are not indifferent to this reality. Consequently, several online platforms supporting the teaching-learning process have been developed. Additionally, several higher education institutions have a weekly attendance time, where teachers seek to clarify student's doubts physically in the institution. However, oftentimes, the students do not use that attendance time. In order to seek to improve this issue, a collaborative mobile web platform was developed: Higher M@t-EduTutor. This chapter starts by introducing a theoretical framework and then presents a broad study on collaborative web platforms in order to better relate them with the developed platform. This specific platform, to be used in mobile devices, with the objective of promoting students learning, allows students to clarify doubts with their teachers, collaboratively, in real time and at distance.
Lesion Boundary Segmentation With Artifacts Removal and Melanoma Detection in Skin Lesion Images
Authors: Salido Julie Ann Acebuque , Ruiz Jr. Conrado , Marcos Nelson
Published: May 2019

Melanoma is a severe form of skin cancer characterized by the rapid multiplication of pigment-producing cells. A problem on analysis of these images is interesting because of the existence of artifacts that produces noise such as hair, veins, water residue, illuminations, and light reflections. An important step in the diagnosis of melanoma is the removal and reduction of these artifacts that can inhibit the examination to accurately segment the skin lesion from the surrounding skin area. A simple method for artifacts removal for extracting skin lesion is implemented based on image enhancement and morphological operators. This is used for training together with some augmentation techniques on images for melanoma detection. The experimental results show that artifact removal and lesion segmentation in skin lesion images performed a true detection rate of 95.37% for melanoma skin lesion segmentation, and as high as 92.5% accuracy for melanoma detection using both GoogLeNet and Resnet50.
Proposal of a User's Cognitive Load-Centric Methodology for HCI-Based Control Panel Design
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Kumar Jyoti
Published: May 2019

Cyber-physical production system (CPPS) is being envisioned as the fourth major paradigm shift in the way industrial production happens. This chapter argues that though information technology-enabled automation will be used in CPPS, human intervention for production supervision would be required especially in critical scenario and human cognitive load would continue to affect the industry efficiency. The complexity of HCI-based control panel design would increase in CPPS due to task complexities and type of information presented through HCI systems. Also, the design methodologies for HCI systems have remained mostly technology centric and have not been able to include the cognitive load measurement caused by the design as a necessary consideration in the design process. Therefore, this chapter proposes user's cognitive load centric methodology for HCI based control panel design in context of CPPS. Cognitive load measurement should become a pivot for the HCI design process. In support of that, this chapter presents a case study using proposed UCLCD4 methodology.
Assessment of Samanea saman Whole Pod Extract as an Antimicrobial Agent and its Effect on Chicken Patties
Authors: Hagan Margaret Aba Sam , Omojola Andrews Babatunde , Donkoh Armstrong
Published: May 2019

Purpose: Samanea saman whole pod (SSWP) has a potential to be used as an ingredient in broiler feed while its pod extract has antimicrobial properties. There is however, insufficient information on the use of Samanea saman whole pod extract (SSWPE) as antimicrobial agent in meat products. This study was aimed at assessing the antimicrobial effect of SSWPE against bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus feacalis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and assessing the potential of using SSWPE on chicken patties in order to reduce the microbial contaminants. Research Method: Agar well diffusion method and Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) method were used to determine the antimicrobial activity in the pod extract. In order to investigate the antibacterial effect of S. saman extract in chicken patties, total plate counts and selective plate counts (to enumerate Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were carried out on refrigerated chicken patties stored for 1, 7 and 14 days. The data generated from the study were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The result of Agar well diffusion method showed that the SSWPE was active against all the tested bacteria with varying mean zones of inhibition. S. saman ethanolic whole pod extract has shown the 25 μg /ml as the minimum inhibition concentration against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria used in the study when compared to the standard Ciprofloxacin at 1μg /ml. The total microbial counts of the chicken patties with various treatments showed increase in total microbial counts with increment of the time of storage from day 1 to 14. Salmonella and Pseudomonas were absent in chicken patties at the day 1 and in other two sampling points (day 7 and 14) whereas Escherichia coli was present at day 1 in T4, T5 and in day 14 in T5. Original Value: Thus the extract of S. saman whole pods has a potential of serving as antimicrobial agent at the minimum inhibition concentration of 25 μg /ml.
In Vivo Generation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cells for the Suppression of Colitis
Authors: Xu Yi , Cheng Yanmei , Baylink David J. , Wasnik Samiksha , Goel Gati , Huang Mei , Cao Huynh , Qin Xuezhong , Lau Kin-Hing William , Chan Christian , Koch Adam , Pham Linh H. , Zhang Jintao , Li Chih-Huang , Wang Xiaohua , Berumen Edmundo Carreon , Smith James , Tang Xiaolei
Published: May 2019

Current therapies for gut inflammation have not reached the desired specificity and are attended by unintended immune suppression. This study aimed to provide evidence for supporting a hypothesis that direct in vivo augmentation of the induction of gut-homing regulatory T (Treg) cells is a strategy of expected specificity for the treatment of chronic intestinal inflammation (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease). We showed that dendritic cells (DCs), engineered to de novo produce high concentrations of both 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the active vitamin D metabolite, and retinoic acid, an active vitamin A metabolite, augmented the induction of T cells that express both the regulatory molecule Foxp3 and the gut-homing receptor CCR9 in vitro and in vivo. In vivo, the newly generated Ag-specific Foxp3+ T cells homed to intestines. Additionally, transfer of such engineered DCs robustly suppressed ongoing experimental colitis. Moreover, CD4+ T cells from spleens of the mice transferred with the engineered DCs suppressed experimental colitis in syngeneic hosts. The data suggest that the engineered DCs enhance regulatory function in CD4+ T cell population in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Finally, we showed that colitis suppression following in vivo transfer of the engineered DCs was significantly reduced when Foxp3+ Treg cells were depleted. The data indicate that maximal colitis suppression mediated by the engineered DCs requires Treg cells. Collectively, our data support that DCs de novo overproducing both 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and retinoic acid are a promising novel therapy for chronic intestinal inflammation.
Identification and Structure of an MHC Class I–Encoded Protein with the Potential to Present N-Myristoylated 4-mer Peptides to T Cells
Authors: Yamamoto Yukie , Morita Daisuke , Shima Yoko , Midorikawa Akihiro , Mizutani Tatsuaki , Suzuki Juri , Mori Naoki , Shiina Takashi , Inoko Hidetoshi , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Mikami Bunzo , Sugita Masahiko
Published: May 2019

Similar to host proteins, N-myristoylation occurs for viral proteins to dictate their pathological function. However, this lipid-modifying reaction creates a novel class of “lipopeptide” Ags targeted by host CTLs. The primate MHC class I–encoded protein, Mamu-B*098, was previously shown to bind N-myristoylated 5-mer peptides. Nevertheless, T cells exist that recognize even shorter lipopeptides, and much remains to be elucidated concerning the molecular mechanisms of lipopeptide presentation. We, in this study, demonstrate that the MHC class I allele, Mamu-B*05104, binds the N-myristoylated 4-mer peptide (C14-Gly-Gly-Ala-Ile) derived from the viral Nef protein for its presentation to CTLs. A phylogenetic tree analysis indicates that these classical MHC class I alleles are not closely associated; however, the high-resolution x-ray crystallographic analyses indicate that both molecules share lipid-binding structures defined by the exceptionally large, hydrophobic B pocket to accommodate the acylated glycine (G1) as an anchor. The C-terminal isoleucine (I4) of C14-Gly-Gly-Ala-Ile anchors at the F pocket, which is distinct from that of Mamu-B*098 and is virtually identical to that of the peptide-presenting MHC class I molecule, HLA-B51. The two central amino acid residues (G2 and A3) are only exposed externally for recognition by T cells, and the methyl side chain on A3 constitutes a major T cell epitope, underscoring that the epitopic diversity is highly limited for lipopeptides as compared with that for MHC class I–presented long peptides. These structural features suggest that lipopeptide-presenting MHC class I alleles comprise a distinct MHC class I subset that mediates an alternative pathway for CTL activation.
Diagnostic tools for female urethral diverticulum: Current perspectives
Authors: Calagna Gloria , Vella Marco , Mugavero Maria Elena , Gugliotta Giorgio , Polito Salvatore , Perino Antonino , Cucinella Gaspare
Published: May 2019

Although once considered quite a rare condition in the past, female urethral diverticulum (UD) would now appear to have a higher frequency, perhaps due to greater attention from physicians. To date, there is no agreement on which is the best method for diagnosis of female UD. Traditionally, the approach was based on quite invasive techniques, such as voiding cystourethrography, and double-balloon urethrography, with satisfactory results but relevant limitations. More recent high-resolution imaging techniques, such as 2D-3D ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have also been applied in the study of the abnormalities of the female urethra. US had the advantage of the outpatient setting, non-invasiveness and absence of contrast medium use; MRI, is characterized by high sensitivity thanks to multiplanar capability, with an optimal characterization of periurethral diseases or its abnormalities, and lack of ionizing radiation. A real innovation is represented by computer tomography-voiding cystourethrography, a rapid technique that allows for high quality simultaneous 2D and 3D images of the urethra, well correlated to MRI and consequently with surgical results. Here, we report and comment the available tools in the diagnosis of female UD, focusing particularly on pros and contra of different methods.
Technical Note: Frenkel Halsey and Hill analysis of water on clay minerals: Toward closure between cloud condensation nuclei activity and water adsorption
Authors: Hatch Courtney D. , Tumminello Paul R. , Cassingham Megan A. , Greenaway Ann L. , Meredith Rebecca , Christie Matthew J.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Insoluble atmospheric aerosol, such as mineral dust, has been identified as an important contributor to the cloud droplet number concentration and indirect climate effect. However, empirically-derived Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) water adsorption parameters remain the largest source of uncertainty in assessing the effect of insoluble aerosol on climate using the FHH activation theory (FHH-AT). Furthermore, previously reported FHH water adsorption parameters for illite and montmorillonite determined from water adsorption measurements below 100 % RH do not satisfactorily agree with values determined from FHH-AT analysis of experimental cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements under supersaturated conditions. The work reported here uses previously reported experimental water adsorption measurements for illite and montmorillonite clays (Hatch et al., 2012; Hatch et al., 2014) to show that improved analysis methods that account for the surface microstructure are necessary to obtain better agreement of FHH parameters between water adsorption and experimental CCN-derived FHH parameters.
Glaciers and Climate of the Upper Susitna Basin, Alaska
Authors: Bliss Andrew , Hock Regine , Wolken Gabriel , Whorton Erin , Aubry-Wake Caroline , Braun Juliana , Gusmeroli Alessio , Harrison Will , Hoffman Andrew , Liljedahl Anna , Zhang Jing
Published: May 2019

Abstract. As part of a planned hydropower facility, extensive field observations were conducted in the Upper Susitna basin, a 13,289 km2 glacierized catchment in central Alaska in 2012–2014. This paper describes a comprehensive data set of meteorological, glacier mass balance, snow cover and soil measurements, as well as the data collection and processing. Results are compared to similar observations from the 1980s. Environmental lapse rates measured with weather stations between about 1000 and 2000 m a.s.l. were significantly lower over the glaciers than the non-glaciated areas. Glacier-wide mass balances shifted from close to balanced in the 1980s to less than −1.5 m w.e. yr−1 in 2012–2014. Winter snow accumulation measured with ablation stakes on the glaciers closely matched observations from helicopter-borne radar. Soil temperature measurements across the basin showed that there was no permafrost in the upper 1 m of the soil column. The data produced by this study is available at https://doi.org/10.14509/30138 and will be useful for hydrological and glaciological studies including modeling efforts
The climate change signal in the Mediterranean Sea in a regionally
coupled ocean-atmosphere model
Authors: Parras-Berrocal Ivan , Vazquez Ruben , Cabos William , Sein Dmitry , Mañanes Rafael , Perez-Sanz Juan , Izquierdo Alfredo
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We assess the role of ocean feedbacks in the simulation of the present climate and on the downscaled climate change signal in the Mediterranean Sea with the regionally coupled model REMO-OASIS-MPIOM (ROM). The ROM oceanic component is global with regionally high horizontal resolution in the Mediterranean Sea. In our setup the Atlantic and Black Sea circulations are simulated explicitly. Simulations forced by ERA-Interim show a good representation of the present Mediterranean climate. Our analysis of the RCP8.5 scenario driven by MPI-ESM shows that the Mediterranean waters will be warmer and saltier across most of the basin by the end of the century. In the upper ocean layer temperature is projected to have a mean increase of 2.73 °C, while the mean salinity increases by 0.17 psu, presenting a decreasing trend in the Western Mediterranean, opposite to the rest of the basin. The warming initially takes place at the surface and propagates gradually to the deeper layers.
The multi-valuation Agreement Hierarchy
Authors: Shen Zheng
Published: May 2019

This paper investigates multi-valuation, i.e. cases where one probe agrees with multiple goals thus obtaining multiple feature values. Focusing on number agreement, I look at the cross-linguistic patterns on multi-valued Ns in the nominal Right Node Raising construction (Nominal RNR) reported in Belyaev et al. (2015); Harizanov & Gribanova (2015); Shen (2016) as well as multi-valued Ts in TP RNR construction reported in Yatabe (2003); Grosz (2009; 2015); Kluck (2009). I show that three types of languages are attested: languages like Serbo-Croatian that show singular marking on both multi-valued Ns and Ts, languages like Russian that show plural marking on both multi-valued Ns and Ts, and languages like English that show singular marking on multi-valued Ns and plural marking on multi-valued Ts. No language is attested that shows plural marking on multi-valued Ns and singular marking on multi-valued Ts. I use this 3/4 pattern to argue that multi-valuation shows the effect of the Agreement Hierarchy discussed by Corbett (1979; 2006) among others.
COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF FLAXSEED OIL AND FISH OIL IN ACETIC ACID- INDUCED COLITIS IN RATS
Authors: Dugani Aisha , Elhelawi Ahlam , Edrah Aisha
Published: May 2019

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of flaxseed oil and to compare this effect with fish oil in experimental ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods: Rats were equally divided into five groups of six animals each. Sham control group (corn oil, 1 ml), acetic acid group (normal saline, 1 ml), flaxseed oil group (FSO, 1 ml), fish oil group (FO, 1 ml) and mesalamine-treated group (3 ml ) as a positive control. All drugs were administered intrarectally (IR). One hour following treatment in the acetic acid group, FSO group, FO group and mesalamine group, 1 ml of 4% acetic acid was introduced as an enema. Rats were sacrificed after 24 hrs and histopathological scores of the all colonic specimens were assessed by microscope. Colonic weight/length ratio was also evaluated.Results: Microscopical improvement as manifested by the reduction in the inflammatory score and normalization of intestinal mucosal architecture was observed in fish oil pretreated rats compared to acetic acid group but there was no significant difference in flaxseed oil pretreated group. The decrease in weight/length ratio was statistically significant in fish oil-treated group compared with acetic acid group, but there was no significant difference between flaxseed oil-treated and acetic acid group.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that fish oil but not flaxseed oil could ameliorate the mucosal damage in experimentally induced ulcerative colitis in rats when given in the form of an enema.
Is een ‘akkoorden-democratie’ wel een democratie?
Authors: Koole R.A.
Published: May 2019

Is een ‘akkoorden-democratie’ wel een democratie?

De toename en verbreding van politiek-maatschappelijke akkoorden (tussen politici en belangenorganisaties) en parlementaire akkoorden (tussen fracties in de Tweede Kamer) roept de vraag op of de parlementaire democratie hiermee gediend is. Internationale literatuur wijst op de ontwikkeling naar een verzwakking van de positie van parlementen. De Nederlandse praktijk van ‘regeren bij akkoord’ versterkt deze trend, met name in het geval van politiek-maatschappelijke akkoorden (waaronder klimaatakkoorden). Het eventuele gebruik van dergelijke akkoorden zou zo moeten worden vormgegeven dat het parlement voldoende tijd en ruimte heeft om de resultaten ervan te doorgronden en eventueel te wijzigen.
Kolencentrales in de polder: private en publieke belangen in het Energieakkoord
Authors: Mulder M.
Published: May 2019

Kolencentrales in de polder: private en publieke belangen in het Energieakkoord

In 2013 sloten meer dan veertig organisaties, waaronder de rijksoverheid, een akkoord om de Nederlandse energievoorziening duurzamer te maken. Een belangrijk onderdeel van dit Energieakkoord was het voornemen om vijf oude kolencentrales vervroegd te sluiten. Na een negatief oordeel van de Autoriteit Consument & Markt (ACM) besloot de overheid de sluiting alsnog zelf via regelgeving af te dwingen. Dit artikel gaat in op de vraag in hoeverre het sluiten van een akkoord nuttig is om publieke doelen op het gebied van energie en klimaat te bereiken. Na een beschrijving van het proces en de inhoud van het Energieakkoord wordt dieper ingegaan op de discussie in Nederland over de positie van kolencentrales. Geconcludeerd wordt dat de overheid in het Energieakkoord concessies aan de energiebedrijven heeft gedaan, die niet nodig zouden zijn als ze direct via regelgeving of belastingheffing haar doel had nagestreefd. Akkoorden op het gebied van energie en klimaat moeten vooral worden gebruikt om coördinatieproblemen op te lossen, zoals bij de aanleg van nieuwe infrastructuur.
The effects of different irrigation agents on root canal dentine micro-hardness and surface roughness
Authors: Öztekin Faruk , Adıgüzel Özkan
Published: May 2019

Aim: Successful endodontic treatments rely on sufficient mechanical preparation and irrigation of the root canal followed by an adequate three-dimensional filling. This study investigated the changes in root dentine micro-hardness and surface roughness upon treatment with different irrigating agents.

Methodology: A total of 60 human maxillary incisors and canine teeth were used in this study. The crowns of all teeth were decoronated and roots were divided longitudinally. The samples were separated into three groups prior to irrigation. A 5% NaOCl irrigation agent was applied to the first group, a QMix agent was used for the second group, and a 2% CHX agent was used for the third group. All irrigations were performed for 15 minutes. Following irrigation, microstructural and surface-roughness measurements were taken again from all samples.

Results: Micro-hardness was not significantly different between QMix or 5% NaOCl (p>0.05). A significant difference was observed between the QMix- and 2% CHX-treated groups, and between the 5% NaOCl- and QMix-treated groups (p<0.05). A significant difference in surface roughness was observed between the QMix and 2% CHX, and between the 5% NaOCl and QMix (p<0.05). No difference in surface roughness was observed between 5% NaOCl or 2% CHX. The 5% NaOCl and QMix agents reduced the dentine micro-hardness equal to or more than that of the 2% CHX agent. The QMix agent also increased the dentine surface roughness significantly more than the other agents. The 5% NaOCl and 2% CHX agents increased surface roughness equally.

Conclusions: It was seen that all of the irrigation agents used in our study affected dentin microhardness and surface roughness at different rates.

 

How to cite this article: Öztekin F, Adıgüzel Ö. The effects of different irrigation agents on root canal dentine micro-hardness and surface roughness. Int Dent Res 2019;9(1):16-21.

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Investigation of the effects of different chelating solutions on the microhardness and surface roughness of root canal dentin
Authors: Topbaş Celalettin , Adıgüzel Özkan , Çölgeçen Özlem
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of different chelating solutions on microhardness and surface roughness of root canal dentin.
Methodology: The crowns of sixty recently extracted maxillary central incisors were separated by diamond burs from the cemento-enamel junction. Roots are divided longitudinally into two pieces with diamond saw. The obtained samples were embedded in autopolymeric-acrylic and the dentin-surfaces of the teeth were grounded. Micro-hardness and surface-roughness measurements were carried out before the chelating processes. First group, the specimens were treated with gel-formed 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA] (JE), second group, specimens were treated with 17% Liquid-formed EDTA (LE), third group, specimens were treated with 20% Citric acid (CA), and the last group specimens were treated with 7% Maleic acid (MA) for 120 seconds. After application of the chelating agents, micro-hardness and surface-roughness measurements of all samples were performed again. The difference between the initial and final measurements was calculated and statistically analyzed. One Way Analysis of Variance ANOVA was used for statistical-analysis and statistically significant difference was observed between the groups (p <0.05).
Results: According to the test results, the microhardness of LE was statistically equal to that of JE and caused the least decrease in micro-hardness, SA decreased micro-hardness more than LE and JE, and MA decreased dentin micro-hardness more than all other solutions. And surface-roughness results are: MA increased surface-roughness more than other groups, SA and JE less roughened the dentin surface than MA, and there was no significant difference between the two solutions, LE caused less increase in dentin surface roughness compared to all solutions.
Conclusions: Besides the use of EDTA and SA, the clinical use of MA can be considered, and it should also be noted that EDTA differs in terms of surface roughness between liquid and gel forms.
 
How to cite this article: Topbaş C, Adıgüzel Ö, Çölgeçen Ö. Investigation of the effects of different chelating solutions on the microhardness and surface roughness of root canal dentin. Int Dent Res 2019;9(1):22-9.
 
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
COMPARAÇÃO DA FORÇA MUSCULAR RESPIRATÓRIA DE ADOLESCENTES SAUDÁVEIS COM VALORES PREDITOS DE NORMALIDADE
Authors: Martins  Dias Rodrigo , Rodrigues  da  Silva Marilza , Meneses  Ramos  dos  Santos Lays  Fernanda , Mariane  Martiliano  Silva  Frutuoso Joyce , Aguiar  dos  Santos Caíque , Barbosa  Silva Aline , Gustavo  Duran  Miron Rhuan , Lopes  Ferreira Jaíne , Danilo  Mungo  Pissulin Flávio , Tereza  Artero Prado Dantas Maria , Duarte Ferreira Aline , Cristina Gonçalves Luiz Fernani Deborah
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to verify the respiratory muscle strength (RMS) of healthy adolescents, and compare it with predicted normal values. It wasevaluated62adolescents, being 48 female and 14 male, average ageof 18.24±0.43 years, by means of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and FMR by manovacuometry by measuring Inspiratory Maximum Pressure (PiMáx) and Expiratory (PeMáx). Data were analyzed by Mann Whitney's t test, unpaired t-test and chi-square test. Regarding the IPAQ, 13 individuals were insufficiently active, 31 active and 18 very active. The values of RMS were different from those predicted, being observed by the increase in the mean of the female PiMáx and the reduction in the male, in addition to the decrease of the PeMáx in both sexes. It was verified that the sample presented RMS impairment, which can impact on the health of this population, being a warning sign, besides recommending future analyzes of the predicted values established.
Notas sobre o obsceno na literatura: uma leitura lacaniana na época das imagens
Authors: Riguini Renata Damiano , Ferrari Ilka Franco
Published: May 2019

O texto articula considerações sobre o que é o obsceno em dois tempos na literatura com Georges Bataille e Michel Houellebecq. E o faz na busca de tocar o que se refere como uma mudança na lógica e nas regras de conduta em relação à sexualidade e à morte, questões hoje perpassadas pela ciência e pelo discurso capitalista. Esta nova ordem se insinua a partir da clínica psicanalítica, e vem interrogar os textos literários a fim de tocar um saber que o escritor traz e que antecede a própria psicanálise, lhe trazendo consequências.
Comportamentos de risco na adolescência: Revisão sistemática de estudos empíricos
Authors: Zappe Jana Gonçalves , Alves Cássia Ferrazza , Dell'Aglio Débora Dalbosco
Published: May 2019

A adoção de riscos é um comportamento complexo e multifatorial, relacionado ao processo de desenvolvimento do adolescente. Com o objetivo de analisar o conhecimento sobre comportamentos de risco na adolescência, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de estudos nacionais e internacionais. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, LILACS, PsycINFO e ScienceDirect (ELSEVIER), utilizando as palavras-chave comportamento de risco/risk taking e adolescência/adolescence. O uso de drogas, álcool e cigarro, comportamentos sexuais de risco e conduta antissocial foram os temas mais investigados nos estudos. Foi possível identificar a epidemiologia dos comportamentos de risco e os fatores de risco e proteção nas dimensões pessoais, interpessoais e contextuais. Futuros estudos devem considerar diversos comportamentos de risco simultaneamente, assim como fatores pessoais, interpessoais e contextuais envolvidos.
A experiência do homem, ao tornar-se pai, no contexto gestacional e nos primeiros meses de vida do bebê
Authors: Bencke Melissa Plautz , Kruel Cristina Saling
Published: May 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a experiência do homem, ao tornar-se pai, no período gestacional e nos primeiros meses de vida do bebê, com enfoque no vínculo inicial, transgeracionalidade e sexualidade. Participaram da pesquisa cinco homens cujos filhos estavam sendo gestados ou tinham até 1 ano de idade. Foram realizados três encontros em grupo focal, no qual os pais falaram sobre suas experiências familiares. As falas foram gravadas e transcritas, e a análise de conteúdo mostrou que, durante a gestação, os pais sentem dificuldade em direcionar sentimentos amorosos intensos ao filho, pela impossibilidade de contato físico entre eles. Evidenciou-se o desejo dos pais em superar o distanciamento vivenciado na relação com seus próprios pais, aproximando-se afetivamente de seus bebês; assim como o nascimento do bebê afeta a experiência sexual do homem, na qual o distanciamento sexual da companheira é compreendido nos primeiros dias pós-nascimento do filho.
Editorial: Dossiê História e Historiadores
Authors: Mata Sérgio Da , Rocha Sabrina Magalhães
Published: May 2019

O editorial do Dossiê História e Historiadores traz os pesquisadores Sérgio da Mata e Sabrina Magalhães Rocha para apresentar o campo da História como disciplina a partir dos seus exercícios epistemológicos e interpretativos.
Os historiadores e o tempo: a contribuição dos Annales
Authors: Barros José Costa D’Assunção
Published: May 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo examinar a relação entre Tempo e História, de acordo com algumas das concepções desenvolvidas pelos historiadores pertencentes ao movimento dos Annales. Uma atenção em especial é dedicada à discussão sobre o conceito de “longa duração” em autores como Marc Bloch, Fernando Braudel e Michel Vovelle. Entre outros itens, discutem-se as relações entre evento e estrutura, bem como os diferentes esquemas para concepção da “longa duração”, a dialética entre as distintas durações, e a interação entre Presente, Passado e Futuro na operação historiográfica.
Resíduos sólidos e meio ambiente: Prevenção e punição de lesões e ameaças de lesão ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado / Solid waste and environment: Prevention and punishment of injuries and injuries of injury to the ecologically balanced environment
Authors: Varela Isabela Dalle , Zini Júlio César Faria
Published: May 2019

Por meio de uma análise compreensiva e contextual das principais concepções ambientais e jurídicas afeitas à poluição por resíduos sólidos, será realizada uma análise das medidas de prevenção e punição de lesões ou ameaças de lesão ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado.Palavras-chave: Resíduo sólido; meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado; poluição; prevenção; puniçãoAbstractBy means of a comprehensive and contextual analysis of the main environmental and legal concepts related to solid waste pollution, an analysis of measures to prevent and punish injuries or threats of injury to the ecologically balanced environment will be carried out.Keywords: Solid waste; ecologically balanced environment; pollution; prevention; punishment
TEORIA DO DESENHO DE MECANISMOS: UMA PROPOSTA DE APLICAÇÃO AOS CONTRATOS INCOMPLETOS
Authors: Rocha Lara Bonemer , Ribeiro Marcia Carla Pereira
Published: May 2019

O artigo propõe a aplicação da teoria do desenho de mecanismos como uma forma de preencher as lacunas e as controvérsias decorrentes da incompletude dos contratos. O tema é contextualizado no âmbito da Nova Economia Institucional sob a ótica da teoria dos custos de transação. Parte-se da ideia de que ao celebrar um contrato, as partes visam a segurança jurídica, no sentido de tentar prever todas as circunstâncias possíveis. Contudo, a previsão ex ante é inviável, dada a complexidade das relações negociais, além da previsão de um máximo de situações possíveis tornar a redação do contrato excessivamente custosa, podendo até mesmo inviabilizar o negócio, o que torna os contratos, como regra, incompletos. Em consequência, o preenchimento destas lacunas contratuais e as controvérsias são levadas frequentemente para apreciação pelo Poder Judiciário, que em virtude da falta de previsibilidade de suas decisões, acaba por deixar as partes contratantes num potencial estado de insegurança jurídica. Conclui-se que a aplicação da teoria de desenho de mecanismos aos contratos incompletos, viabiliza uma solução das contingências mediante incentivos para que as partes adotem estratégias lícitas para alcançar resultados eficientes. Se desenhados incentivos fortes, os mecanismos se traduzem em normas autoaplicáveis, aptas a reduzir os custos de transação, até mesmo no âmbito do Poder Judiciário.
ANÁLISE DE ALGUNS DOS PRINCIPAIS PRINCÍPIOS CONSTITUCIONAIS NORTEADORES DOS DIREITOS DA CRIANÇA E DO ADOLESCENTE
Authors: Poli Leonardo Macedo , São Jose Fernanda Moraes , De Faria Renata Mantovani
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo objetiva investigar os principais princípios responsáveis por regular as medidas de proteção aplicadas quando houver ameaça ou violação dos direitos das crianças e adolescentes.