bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19–Associated Nonocclusive Fibrin Microthrombi in the Heart
Authors: Bois Melanie C. , Boire Nicholas A. , Layman Andrew J. , Aubry Marie-Christine , Alexander Mariam P. , Roden Anja C. , Hagen Catherine E. , Quinton Reade A. , Larsen Christopher , Erben Young , Majumdar Ramanath , Jenkins Sarah M. , Kipp Benjamin R. , Lin Peter T. , Maleszewski Joseph J.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its resultant clinical presentation, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an emergent cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiac complications secondary to this infection are common; however, the underlying mechanisms of such remain unclear. A detailed cardiac evaluation of a series of individuals with COVID-19 undergoing postmortem evaluation is provided, with 4 aims: (1) describe the pathological spectrum of the myocardium; (2) compare with an alternate viral illness; (3) investigate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression; and (4) provide the first description of the cardiac findings in patients with cleared infection.

Methods:

Study cases were identified from institutional files and included COVID-19 (n=15: 12 active, 3 cleared), influenza A/B (n=6), and nonvirally mediated deaths (n=6). Salient information was abstracted from the medical record. Light microscopic findings were recorded. An angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 immunohistochemical H-score was compared across cases. Viral detection encompassed SARS-CoV-2 immunohistochemistry, ultrastructural examination, and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

Male sex was more common in the COVID-19 group (
P
=0.05). Nonocclusive fibrin microthrombi (without ischemic injury) were identified in 16 cases (12 COVID-19, 2 influenza, and 2 controls) and were more common in the active COVID-19 cohort (
P
=0.006). Four active COVID-19 cases showed focal myocarditis, whereas 1 case of cleared COVID-19 showed extensive disease. Arteriolar angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 endothelial expression was lower in COVID-19 cases than in controls (
P
=0.004). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 myocardial expression did not differ by disease category, sex, age, or number of patient comorbidities (
P
=0.69,
P
=1.00,
P
=0.46,
P
=0.65, respectively). SARS-CoV-2 immunohistochemistry showed nonspecific staining, whereas ultrastructural examination and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction were negative for viral presence. Four patients (26.7%) with COVID-19 had underlying cardiac amyloidosis. Cases with cleared infection had variable presentations.

Conclusions:

This detailed histopathologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular cardiac series showed no definitive evidence of direct myocardial infection. COVID-19 cases frequently have cardiac fibrin microthrombi, without universal acute ischemic injury. Moreover, myocarditis is present in 33.3% of patients with active and cleared COVID-19 but is usually limited in extent. Histological features of resolved infection are variable. Cardiac amyloidosis may be an additional risk factor for severe disease.
Cardiotoxicity and Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Patients With Breast Cancer: Data From the GeparOcto‐GBG 84 Trial
Authors: Rüger Alexandra Maria , Schneeweiss Andreas , Seiler Sabine , Tesch Hans , van Mackelenbergh Marion , Marmé Frederik , Lübbe Kristina , Sinn Bruno , Karn Thomas , Stickeler Elmar , Müller Volkmar , Schem Christian , Denkert Carsten , Fasching Peter A. , Nekljudova Valentina , Garfias‐Macedo Tania , Hasenfuß Gerd , Haverkamp Wilhelm , Loibl Sibylle , von Haehling Stephan
Published: November 2020

Background

Patients with breast cancer can be affected by cardiotoxic reactions through cancer therapies. Cardiac biomarkers, like NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) and high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T, might have predictive value.

Methods and Results

Echocardiography, ECG, hemodynamic parameters, NT‐proBNP and high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T were assessed in 853 patients with early‐stage breast cancer randomized in the German Breast Group GeparOcto‐GBG 84 phase III trial. Patients received neo‐adjuvant dose‐dense, dose‐intensified epirubicin, paclitaxel, and cyclophosphamide (iddEPC group, n=424) or paclitaxel, non‐pegylated doxorubicin, and in triple negative breast cancer, (paclitaxel, non‐pegylated doxorubicin, carboplatin group, n=429) treatment for 18 weeks. Patients positive for human epidermal growth receptor 2 (n=354, 41.5%) received monoclonal antibodies on top of allocated therapy; 119 (12.9%) of all patients showed a cardiotoxic reaction during therapy (15 [1.8%] using a more strict definition). Presence of cardiotoxic reactions was irrespective of treatment allocation (
P
=0.31). Small but significant increases in NT‐proBNP developed early in patients with a cardiotoxic reaction as compared with those without in whom NT‐proBNP rose only towards the end of therapy (
P
=0.04). High‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T rose early in both groups. Logistic regression showed that NT‐proBNP (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% CI, 1.008–1.055;
P
=0.01) and hemoglobin (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.05–1.63;
P
=0.02) measured at 6 weeks after treatment initiation were significantly associated with cardiotoxic reactions.

Conclusions

NT‐proBNP and hemoglobin are significantly associated with cardiotoxic reactions in patients with early‐stage breast cancer undergoing dose‐dense and dose‐intensified chemotherapy, but high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T is not.

Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02125344.
What President Trump Has Shown Us about Choosing a Subject for Political Biography
Authors: Baverstock Alison , Steinitz Jackie
Published: November 2020

To explore the reason why some biographies by or about politicians are more successful than others, and to help publishers consider the range of factors that may impact on their commissioning decisions, we sought to establish a range of likely influencing factors and to combine them in a formula. This is not a magic prediction tool, but rather a range of considerations that need to be worked through for various publishing propositions before decisions are made. As an exercise, and a starting point for wider discussions, it may benefit a group of individuals preparing for an editorial meeting at which commissioning is to be considered.
The Materiality of Textbooks
Authors: Mohar Alenka Kepic
Published: November 2020

This article discusses changes in the materiality of textbooks by examining several examples of primarily Slovene textbooks from various periods. By focusing on their spread design rather than technical aspects (e.g., length, weight, and format), one may infer that their materiality changed with the development of printing technologies and publishing skills. Based on the assumption that textbook visuality is a field of meaning that requires different bodily movements, postures, and engagement with the physical environment to produce cognitive processing, this article sheds light on how the body adapts to the changed materiality of digital textbooks. Numerous micro-movements in a long string of procedures are required in a digital textbook ecosystem. All the participants should be aware of the different demands and properties of the digital textbook ecosystem. Therefore, further empirical research is needed.
Deep-Learning-Based Gridded Downscaling of Surface Meteorological Variables in Complex Terrain. Part II: Daily Precipitation
Authors: Sha Yingkai , Gagne II David John , West Gregory , Stull Roland
Published: November 2020

Statistical downscaling (SD) derives localized information from larger-scale numerical models. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have learning and generalization abilities that can enhance the downscaling of gridded data (Part I of this study experimented with 2-m temperature). In this research, we adapt a semantic-segmentation CNN, called UNet, to the downscaling of daily precipitation in western North America, from the low resolution (LR) of 0.25° to the high resolution (HR) of 4-km grid spacings. We select LR precipitation, HR precipitation climatology, and elevation as inputs; train UNet over the subset of the south- and central-western United States using Parameter–Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) data from 2015 to 2018, and test it independently in all available domains from 2018 to 2019. We proposed an improved version of UNet, which we call Nest-UNet, by adding deep-layer aggregation and nested skip connections. Both the original UNet and Nest-UNet show generalization ability across different regions and outperform the SD baseline (bias-correction spatial disaggregation), with lower downscaling error and more accurate fine-grained textures. Nest-UNet also shares the highest amount of information with station observations and PRISM, indicating good ability to reduce the uncertainty of HR downscaling targets.
Roles of Barotropic Instability across the Moat in Inner Eyewall Decay and Outer Eyewall Intensification: Three-Dimensional Numerical Experiments
Authors: Lai Tsz-Kin , Hendricks Eric A. , Menelaou Konstantinos , Yau M. K.
Published: November 2020

Radar imagery of some double-eyewall tropical cyclones shows that the inner eyewalls became elliptical prior to their dissipation during the eyewall replacement cycles, indicating that the barotropic instability (BI) across the moat (also known as type-2 BI) may play a role. To further examine the physics of inner eyewall decay and outer eyewall intensification under the influence of the type-2 instability, three-dimensional numerical experiments are performed. In the moist full-physics run, the simulated vortex exhibits the type-2 instability and the associated azimuthal wavenumber-2 radial flow pattern. The absolute angular momentum (AAM) budget calculation indicates, after the excitation of the type-2 instability, a significant intensification in the negative radial advection of AAM at the inner eyewall. It is further shown that the changes in radial AAM advection largely result from the eddy processes associated with the type-2 instability and contribute significantly to the inner eyewall decay. The budget calculation also suggests that the type-2 instability can accelerate the inner eyewall decay in concert with the boundary layer cutoff effect. Another dry no-physics idealized experiment is conducted and the result shows that the type-2 instability alone is able to weaken the inner eyewall and also strengthen the outer eyewall with nonnegligible effect.
Object-Based Comparison of Data-Driven and Physics-Driven Satellite Estimates of Extreme Rainfall
Authors: Li Zhe , Wright Daniel B. , Zhang Sara Q. , Kirschbaum Dalia B. , Hartke Samantha H.
Published: November 2020

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) constellation of spaceborne sensors provides a variety of direct and indirect measurements of precipitation processes. Such observations can be employed to derive spatially and temporally consistent gridded precipitation estimates either via data-driven retrieval algorithms or by assimilation into physically based numerical weather models. We compare the data-driven Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) and the assimilation-enabled NASA-Unified Weather Research and Forecasting (NU-WRF) model against Stage IV reference precipitation for four major extreme rainfall events in the southeastern United States using an object-based analysis framework that decomposes gridded precipitation fields into storm objects. As an alternative to conventional “grid-by-grid analysis,” the object-based approach provides a promising way to diagnose spatial properties of storms, trace them through space and time, and connect their accuracy to storm types and input data sources. The evolution of two tropical cyclones are generally captured by IMERG and NU-WRF, while the less organized spatial patterns of two mesoscale convective systems pose challenges for both. NU-WRF rain rates are generally more accurate, while IMERG better captures storm location and shape. Both show higher skill in detecting large, intense storms compared to smaller, weaker storms. IMERG’s accuracy depends on the input microwave and infrared data sources; NU-WRF does not appear to exhibit this dependence. Findings highlight that an object-oriented view can provide deeper insights into satellite precipitation performance and that the satellite precipitation community should further explore the potential for “hybrid” data-driven and physics-driven estimates in order to make optimal usage of satellite observations.
A Unifying Approach to Subtidal Salt Intrusion Modeling in Tidal Estuaries
Authors: Dijkstra Yoeri M. , Schuttelaars Henk M.
Published: November 2020

The salinity structure in estuaries is classically described in terms of the salinity structure as well mixed, partially mixed, or salt wedge. The existing knowledge about the processes that result in such salinity structures comes from highly idealized models that are restricted to either well-mixed and partially mixed cases or subtidal salt wedge estuaries. Hence, there is still little knowledge about the processes driving transitions between these different salinity structures and the estuarine parameters at which such a transition is found. As an important step toward a unified description of the dominant processes driving well-mixed, partially mixed, and salt wedge estuaries, a subtidal width-averaged model applicable to all these salinity structures is developed and systematically analyzed. Using our model, we identify four salinity regimes, resulting from different balances of dominant processes. It is shown that each regime is uniquely determined by two dimensionless parameters: an estuarine Froude and Rayleigh number, representing freshwater discharge and tidal mixing, respectively, resulting in a classification of the regimes in terms of these two parameters. Furthermore, analytical expressions to approximate the salt intrusion length in each regime are developed. These expressions are used to illustrate that the salt intrusion length in different regimes responds in a highly different manner to changes in depth and freshwater discharge. As one of the key results, we show that there are only very weak relations between the process-based regime of an estuary and the salt intrusion length and top–bottom stratification. This implies that the salinity structure of an estuary cannot be uniquely matched to a regime.
Zero Preventable Deaths by 2020: Analysis of Prehospital and Emergency Department Deaths Following Penetrating Trauma Stratified by Anatomic Location
Authors: Houghton August C. , Friedman Jessica K. , Smith Alison A. , Toraih Eman A. , Flanagan Megan R. , Schroll Rebecca W. , Guidry Chrissy , McGrew Patrick R. , Fakhry Samir M. , Duchesne Juan C.
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Preventable deaths following trauma are high and unchanged over the last two decades. The objective of this study was to describe the location of death in patients with penetrating trauma, stratified by anatomic location of injury, in order to better tailor our approach to reducing preventable deaths from trauma.

Methods

This retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained trauma registry included consecutive adult trauma activations with penetrating trauma at a level 1 trauma center between 07/2012 and 03/2018. Injuries were categorized as extremity, junctional, and torso. Head and neck injuries were excluded. Patients injured in >1 defined location were categorized as “multiple.” Location of death was defined as on-scene, emergency department (ED), or hospital. Two-sided χ2 tests were used to compare groups. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression.

Results

A total of 1024 patients were included with an overall case fatality rate (CFR) of 7.8%. The CFR following extremity injury (3.0%) was significantly lower than all other injury sites ( P = .02).There were no significant differences in CFR for junctional (10.4%), torso (8.3%), or multiple injuries (9.6%). Forty percent of fatalities following junctional injury occurred on-scene and an additional 20% occurred in the ED.

Discussion

To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe location of death stratified by anatomic location of injury. There was no difference in the CFRs of junctional and torso injuries, and a large proportion of deaths occurred prior to reaching the hospital or in the trauma bay. These findings support reevaluating the classical algorithms and care pathways for patients with proximal penetrating trauma.
Same work, same value? Paid domestic workers’ and housewives’ struggles for rights in Uruguay and Paraguay
Authors: Rojas Scheffer Raquel
Published: November 2020

Domestic labour has been historically undervalued. This article focuses on organizations of women who perform this activity – housewives and paid domestic workers – and their demands for recognition and rights, arguing that despite their shared interests, there are differences that interrupt their common experiences and add tension to their interactions. Drawing on interviews and participant observations, this article analyses the relationship between paid domestic workers’ and housewives’ organizations in Uruguay and Paraguay, highlighting social divisions around the distribution of domestic labour and discussing how the articulation of differences can lead either to further reproducing inequalities between these groups, or to contesting and overcoming them. The contrast between the cases shows how ‘racialized’ contexts use ethnic differences to naturalize the undervaluing of domestic workers, overlooking similarities and hindering collaboration between groups.
Factors Associated With Novice General Education Teachers’ Preparedness to Work With Multilingual Learners: A Multilevel Study
Authors: Deng Qizhen , Kiramba Lydiah Kananu , Viesca Kara Mitchell
Published: November 2020

This study examined factors linked to novice general education teachers’ perception of their preparedness to work with multilingual learners in the classroom. Using a multilevel modeling approach, we examined factors at the teacher and school levels using two AY 2015 to 2016 datasets: The National Teacher and Principal Survey from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Civil Rights Data Collection from the Office of Civil Rights. The results show that teacher perception of preparedness was positively associated with teacher education courses on working with multilingual learners, supports received during the first-year teaching, and the number of multilingual learners teachers worked within their classrooms. Similarly, the concentration of multilingual learners at the school level had a positive impact on preparedness. Overall, it appears that experiences both learning about and working with multilingual learners are positively associated with novice general education teachers’ perceptions of preparedness to work with multilingual students.
How Do Group Size and Group Familiarity Influence Tourist Satisfaction? The Mediating Role of Perceived Value
Authors: Su Lujun , Cheng Jin , Huang Yinghua
Published: November 2020

This study investigates how group size and group familiarity interactively impact tourists’ perceived value and overall satisfaction with a group travel experience. The study also assesses the mediating role of perceived value in affecting the relationships between tourist satisfaction and both group size and group familiarity. The results revealed that tourists in small (vs. large) groups would have a higher level of perceived value and overall satisfaction toward a group travel experience. However, high group familiarity attenuates the effect of group size on tourists’ perceived value and satisfaction. Perceived value fully mediated the effect of group size on tourist satisfaction, as well as the interaction effect between group size and group familiarity on tourist satisfaction. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications of this study were also discussed.
Introduction: Populism and feminist politics
Authors: Kantola Johanna , Lombardo Emanuela
Published: November 2020

Populism is everywhere in Europe today: in politics and in research. Most research on populism has neglected the relationship between gender equality and populism. The aim of this symposium is precisely to scrutinize the relationship between feminist politics and right-wing and left-wing populist parties in Europe. The contribution of the symposium is twofold: to empirically investigate the relationship between feminist politics and both left and right populism, so as to provide a more holistic picture of their impact on feminist politics; and to study populist political parties both at the national level and at the level of the European Parliament. The symposium demonstrates the centrality of gender issues in the politics of populist parties and documents the effects populism has on gender relations, gender equality policies, and feminist politics.
Foucault in Hamburg: Notes on a One-Year Stay, 1959–60
Authors: Nicolaysen Rainer
Published: November 2020

This article provides a detailed account of the year that Michel Foucault spent as Director of the Institut Français in Hamburg and as a guest lecturer at the Romance Studies Department at the University of Hamburg. It discusses the beginning of Foucault’s time in Hamburg, the courses he taught at these two institutions, his interactions with German students in his classes, and events with invited guests from the French intellectual sphere. But it also sheds light on the friendships he made in Hamburg, in particular with Rolf Italiaander; the completion of his own projects including Histoire de la folie and the translation of Kant’s Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View; and finally his nocturnal wanderings through Hamburg’s red light district, Sankt-Pauli.
Indigenous rights and the persistence of industrial capitalism: Capturing the law–ideology–power triple-helix
Authors: Horowitz Leah S
Published: November 2020

This article examines the power relations that unfold when Indigenous-led struggles invoke settler-colonial law toward protection from industry’s impacts. Building on Critical Race Theory, I posit a ‘triple-helical’ relationship between law, power, and ideology, which coproduce one another, mediated by nudges from individual agents. I argue that the triple-helix of Indigenous rights to protection from industry’s impacts has stagnated, due to industrial capitalism’s pushback through social regularization processes as well as its capture of formal and informal regulators and of discourses and ideologies. I conclude with a research agenda for applying the triple-helix framework to Indigenous-led engagements with industry.
Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting and Thinness/Wasting Among Schoolchildren of Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hailegebriel Tamirat
Published: November 2020

Background:

Several studies have been carried out assessing the prevalence of undernutrition and possible determinants among schoolchildren in Ethiopia, but there is a lack of systematically gathered and analyzed information.

Objective:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize epidemiological data on undernutrition and possible determinants among schoolchildren in Ethiopia.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review using open access articles that report the prevalence of stunting and wasting/thinness among schoolchildren from PubMed Central, Scopus, and Science direct. The pooled prevalence was determined using a random-effect model while heterogeneities between studies were evaluated by I 2 test.

Results:

A total of 24 716 schoolchildren were included in the 39 eligible articles. The prevalence of stunting and wasting/thinness among schoolchildren in Ethiopia were 23.1% (95% CI: 19.0-27.0) and 22% (95% CI: 17-26), respectively. There was a marked difference in the prevalence of stunting and wasting/thinness across regions of Ethiopia. The risk of stunting was increased with meal frequency ≤3 times a day (odds ratio [OR] = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.90-4.14), age >10 years (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.47-2.85), and family size ≥5 (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.40-2.35). Similarly, the risk of wasting/thinness was increased with male sex (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.54-2.58), low family income (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.30-3.01), and age >10 years (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 0.74-2.82).

Conclusion:

This study revealed that more than one-fifth of schoolchildren are stunted or wasted/thin in Ethiopia. Large family size, male sex, and student age were consistently associated with stunting and wasting/thinness among schoolchildren. This study highlights the importance of an integrated effort to reduce undernutrition in Ethiopia.
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Following Isolated Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Komisarow Jordan M. , Chen Fangyu , Vavilala Monica S. , Laskowitz Daniel , James Michael L. , Krishnamoorthy Vijay
Published: November 2020

Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at risk for extra-cranial complications, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We conducted an analysis of risk factors, mortality, and healthcare utilization associated with ARDS following isolated severe TBI. The National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) dataset files from 2007-2014 were used to identify adult patients who suffered isolated [other body region-specific Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) < 3] severe TBI [admission total Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) from 3 to 8 and head region-specific AIS >3]. In-hospital mortality was compared between patients who developed ARDS and those who did not. Utilization of healthcare resources (ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and frequency of tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube placement) was also examined. This retrospective cohort study included 38,213 patients with an overall ARDS occurrence of 7.5%. Younger age, admission tachycardia, pre-existing vascular and respiratory diseases, and pneumonia were associated with the development of ARDS. Compared to patients without ARDS, patients that developed ARDS experienced increased in-hospital mortality (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26), length of stay (p = <0.001), duration of mechanical ventilation (p = < 0.001), and placement of tracheostomy (OR 2.70, 95% CI 2.34-3.13) and gastrostomy (OR 2.42, 95% CI 2.06-2.84). After isolated severe TBI, ARDS is associated with increased mortality and healthcare utilization. Future studies should focus on both prevention and management strategies specific to TBI-associated ARDS.
Transportation Transformation: Is Micromobility Making a Macro Impact on Sustainability?
Authors: McQueen Michael , Abou-Zeid Gabriella , MacArthur John , Clifton Kelly
Published: November 2020

The transportation landscape is ever-evolving in the face of new technologies, including the emergence of micromobility—a new classification given to lightweight human-powered or electric vehicles operated at low speeds. This article focuses on the role of these new modes in the efforts to cultivate a more sustainable transportation system by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, providing a reliable and equitable transportation service, and enhancing the human experience. Existing literature on sustainable transportation systems is used to build a three-goal framework, which is then used to assess the extent to which micromobility contributes to a sustainable urban transportation system. Next, we identify and discuss policies that can help micromobility achieve better sustainability outcomes. This review of the nascent literature shows that the sustainability impacts of these modes are at present mixed and are likely to remain so without more targeted interventions by local stakeholders. Yet, the operations and use of micromobility systems are quickly evolving and hold promise for contributing to a more sustainable transportation system.
On the change of transport parameters with dwell time during peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Waniewski Jacek , Stachowska-Pietka Joanna , Lindholm Bengt
Published: November 2020

The transitory change of fluid and solute transport parameters occurring during the initial phase of a peritoneal dialysis dwell is a well-documented phenomenon; however, its physiological interpretation is rather hypothetical and has been disputed. Two different explanations were proposed: (1) the prevailing view—supported by several experimental and clinical studies—is that a vasodilatory effect of dialysis fluid affects the capillary surface area available for dialysis, and (2) a recently presented alternative explanation is that the molecular radius of glucose increases due to the high glucose concentration in fresh dialysis fluid and that this change affects peritoneal transport parameters. The experimental bases for both phenomena are discussed as well as the problem of the accuracy necessary for a satisfactory description of clinical data when the three-pore model of peritoneal transport is applied. We show that the correction for the change of transport parameters with dwell time provides a better fit with clinical data when applying the three-pore model. Our conclusion is in favor of the traditional interpretation namely that the transitory change of transport parameters with dwell time during peritoneal dialysis is primarily due to the vasodilatory effect of dialysis fluids.
Ideology and science: The story of Polish psychology in the communist period
Authors: Koczanowicz Leszek , Koczanowicz-Dehnel Iwona
Published: November 2020

This article presents a fragment of the history of psychology in Poland, discussing its development in the years 1945–56, which saw sweeping political and geographical transformations. In that maelstrom of history, psychology was particularly affected by the effects of geopolitical changes, which led to its symbolic ‘arrest’ in 1952, when psychological practice was prohibited and all psychology courses were abolished at universities. Amnesty was declared only in 1956, with the demise of the so-called Stalinist ‘cult of personality’ and the onset of a turbulent period when the crimes of the Stalinist era were prosecuted. We have adopted three time frames for our description and analysis of this dramatic period in the development of psychology in Poland. ‘The past’ is a story about the flourishing of Polish psychology before World War Two and the hopes for the discipline’s restoration after the war. ‘The present’, as the core of this narrative, represents the events of 1950–56. ‘The future’ refers to the period when Stalinist abuses were prosecuted during the Thaw, following the collapse of the Stalinist dictatorship, and the resurgence of Polish psychologists’ hopes for resurrecting their discipline. In all these periods, the narrative is interwoven with the story of the Polish psychologist Mieczysław Kreutz, who offers a model example of the hypothesized dependence of scientific research on sociopolitical change.
Trust, ethical climate and nurses’ turnover intention
Authors: Simha Aditya , Pandey Jatin
Published: November 2020

Background:

Nursing turnover is a very serious problem, and nursing managers need to be aware of how ethical climates are associated with turnover intention.

Objectives:

The article explored the effects of ethical climates on nurses’ turnover intention, mediated through trust in their organization.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey of 285 nurses from three Indian hospitals was conducted to test the research model. Various established Likert-type scales were used to measure ethical climates, turnover intention and trust in organization. Hierarchical regression analysis and mediation analysis were used to test the model.

Results:

Hierarchical regression analysis and mediation analysis were used to test the model. The indirect effect of benevolent ethical climate on turnover intention through trust in organization was –0.20 with a 95% bootstrap confidence interval of lower level = –0.31 and upper level = –0.01. The indirect effect of principled ethical climate on turnover intention through trust in organization was –0.39 with a 95% bootstrap confidence interval of lower level = –0.58 and upper level = –0.17.

Ethical considerations:

The study adheres to the ethical standards recommended by the American Psychological Association for conducting research with informed consent, confidentiality and privacy.

Conclusion:

Both benevolent and principled ethical climates decreased turnover intention indirectly through trust in organization. Only principled ethical climates were directly associated with turnover intention. Our results suggest that nurse managers and leaders should try and establish principled and benevolent climates in order to engender trust in organization and to reduce turnover intention.
An Integrated School Health Teacher for Whole Student Health in China: Professional Competency Inventory
Authors: Hou Xiaojing
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to develop a professional competency inventory for integrated school health teachers in the Chinese schooling system. It generated initial competency items through conducting job task analyses, group interviews, and expert consultations, which proposed 75 items in the following fields: general quality, basic health service, school health education, and school health management. A total of 312 school health administrators/instructors, principals, in-service health teachers, and preservice health teachers were surveyed during 2018-2019. Respondents valued aspects of health teacher’s professional competency differently. Exploratory factor analyses finally extracted 9 domains, and 70 competency standards were retained. The Cronbach’s α level was .983, with value for each domain ranging from .855 to .955. The final competency inventory for school health teachers contained 4 fields, 9 domains with 70 competencies. It provided a reliable framework for specialized training, evaluation, and professional development for school health teachers. The study also interpreted the differences in importance perception of competencies among stakeholders, provided across cultural views for elaborating values and meanings of school health personnel all over the world.
An Empirical and Conceptual Note on Science Communication’s Role in Society
Authors: Davies Sarah R.
Published: November 2020

This research note explores the nature of science communication’s role in modern societies, using data from a qualitative interview study with scholars and teachers of science communication and discussing this in light of science communication literature. Six types of roles for science communication within society are identified: It is said to ensure the accountability and legitimacy of publicly funded science, have practical functions, enhance democracy, serve a cultural role, fulfil particular economic purposes, and act as promotion or marketing. These arguments are examined and their implications for science communication research and practice discussed.
Role of Affective Mediators in the Effects of Media Use on Proenvironmental Behavior
Authors: Li Zongya
Published: November 2020

Much of the research on media use and environmental participation has examined the persuasive effects of media-motivated cognitive constructs on proenvironmental behavior, whereas the role of media-induced affective constructs has largely been neglected. To address this gap, this study examines how affective constructs (emotional responses and perceived knowledge) arise from media use and in what ways they contribute to environmental participation in the context of haze. Results from a web survey of 1,589 Chinese citizens suggest that traditional media use elicited more positive emotions than the use of new media, while new media use evoked more negative emotions than that of traditional media. Both traditional and new media use were positive predictors of perceived knowledge. Moreover, negative emotion, positive emotion, and perceived knowledge were all positively associated with proenvironmental behavior. The results of mediation analyses indicated that these affective constructs mediated the association between media use and proenvironmental behavior.
The End of the Dream: Postmodernism and Qualitative Research
Authors: Stewart Georgina Tuari , St. Pierre Elizabeth , Devine Nesta , Kirloskar-Steinbach Monika
Published: November 2020

This article revisits the use of postmodernist theory in qualitative research in education and related fields, where such ideas remain consigned to the “fringe”—or worse. What are the grounds for this ongoing refusal of “postmodernism”? How is postmodernism useful in our research and teaching? In this article, four senior women academics of various backgrounds, one or more of us identifying as Indigenous, Immigrant, White, Colored, monolingual, bilingual, trilingual, and so forth, join forces to unpick what postmodernism offers us, and why it is still denied in mainstream academic circles. We focus on this question in the context of teaching research methods in the doctoral curriculum.
Improving the mechanical properties and reducing the residual stresses of AA7075 by combination of cyclic close die forging and precipitation hardening
Authors: Moazam MA , Honarpisheh M
Published: November 2020

As one of the major strengthening mechanisms, the precipitation hardening is used to enhance the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. Based on the results of the residual stress measurement, after fast quenching, the core of the material is under tensile stress while the surfaces are under compressive residual stress. Distortion commonly happens during the machining of precipitation-hardened aluminum alloys due to the residual stresses created during the quenching step in the heat treatment process. In this study, the combination of cyclic close die forging and precipitation hardening was used to improve the mechanical properties and control the residual stresses of AA 7075, simultaneously. According to the results, a considerable level of residual stresses was developed in the sample after the quenching step. Performing the cyclic close die forging process immediately after the quenching step changed the pattern of the residual stresses and reduced them significantly. The reduction of the residual stresses after the first pass of cyclic close die forging was about 50%, while after two passes, the sample was almost fully stress relieved. Besides, the results of the microhardness and uniaxial tensile tests demonstrated the improvement of the mechanical properties of the processed samples when compared to the T6 condition. Also, in comparison to AA 7075-T6, the yield stress, ultimate tensile stress, and microhardness were increased by about 24%, 22%, and 48%, respectively.
‘Circle of light’ and ‘this’
Authors: Shaw Ian F
Published: November 2020

These poems were written during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. ‘This' is a poetic paraphrase and development of a piece in The Guardian newspaper.
Resisting the politics of the pandemic and racism to foster humanity
Authors: Lee Eunjung , Johnstone Marjorie
Published: November 2020

Following the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic in March 2020, a state of emergency was announced in many countries. This has had significant impacts on individuals, communities, and various systems-as-whole locally, nationally and globally. Among the various impacts the pandemic has on people, we would like to invite social workers who deeply care about social justice and equity to pause and reflect on how some populations are unjustly subject to pandemic related stigma and racism; how racist politics play out to maintain extreme nationalism and exclusion; and how we can resist these politics of the pandemic to foster humanity and equity.
COVID 19 meets changing traditional care systems for the elderly and a budding social work practice. Reflections for geriatric care in Ghana
Authors: Deku Charles Selorm , Forkuor John Boulard , Agyemang Eric
Published: November 2020

Starting in December 2019 in Wuhan China, the novel coronavirus (COVID 19) disease has reached 216 countries with 6, 140, 934 confirmed cases and 373, 548 deaths as at 2nd June, 2020 globally Ghana, with an estimated population of 31,014,508 has recorded 8, 297 confirmed cases, 2, 986 recoveries and 38 deaths with 5, 273 active cases as at the same date. All but one of the 16 administrative regions have recorded confirmed cases with the highest case numbers in the more urban regions of the country. Considering that one of the highest risk populations in the wake of the coronavirus outbreak is the elderly population, this brief essay examines the state of elderly care in Ghana in relation to this pandemic. The paper reflects on the state of care needs for the elderly, current elderly care systems, inadequacy of data on elderly population and social work practice in Ghana. It also raises questions on the preparedness of current elderly care systems and general social work practice in Ghana amidst COVID 19. The paper recommends professionalization of geriatric care and formalization of community-based care for the elderly in Ghana as the way forward.
Safeguarding health equality for the disadvantaged during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned for the social work profession
Authors: Kwan Chi-Kin , Ling Henry Wai-Hang , Cheung Johnson Chun-Sing , Chui Ernest Wing-Tak
Published: November 2020

An evaluation of the role played by the social work profession during the outbreak of COVID-19 is necessary. Although social workers have made efforts to address people’s needs during the pandemic, it is worth examining the role they have played in safeguarding health equality. Focusing on the case of Hong Kong, we found that the profession was generally ill-prepared for the outbreak, and in particular, for confronting the attendant social inequalities. We identified three possible reasons for these findings: 1) non-governmental organizations were caught off-guard by the outbreak, 2) there was no clearly articulated intervention agenda to inform practitioners of the roles they should play in such a large-scale crisis, and 3) having become more formalized and standardized, social work services may have become less flexible in responding to emerging community needs. We conclude this article by suggesting three directions that could allow the profession to better pursue its mission during large-scale crises.
Suffering, social work and the old masters
Authors: Lewis Gregory
Published: November 2020

Working as an Australian hospital Social Worker during a major viral pandemic was always going to be an unpredictable and rapidly evolving experience. We knew the COVID-19 virus was coming, within weeks it had arrived, and Australian society transformed overnight. With so much rapid loss and change our sense of mastery over our lives was quickly lost. Health services and individuals alike battled to prepare, to understand, and to make meaning in a new world. It was an opportunity to seek meaning in literatures both professional and artistic.
Influence of different textile structure reinforced composite leaf spring on their fabrication potential
Authors: Khatkar Vikas , Behera Bijoya Kumar
Published: November 2020

In advanced engineering applications, machining of composite material is a must to perform necessary assembly operations. This work deals with the investigation of fabrication potential of Glass/epoxy composites reinforced with different textile structures in the form of E-glass based chopped fiber, unidirectional (UD) tow, bidirectional (2D) plain woven, four different 3D woven orthogonal solid structures with varying binder percentage and one 3D woven angle interlock structure. The Influence of reinforcement architecture on tensile strength, drilling damage, bearing response, specific energy absorption (bending), and spring stiffness of composites structure was investigated. Damage analysis due to drilling was primarily assessed in terms of delamination whereas bearing strength, bearing strain and common bearing failure were examined from the bearing strength test. Different bearing failure was observed for different composite structures; UD composite was noticed with complete shear out failure while chopped failed due to tearing and 2D structure reinforced composite predominantly failed due to tearing and delamination failure. 3D orthogonal composite failed due to tearing in the warp direction and shear out in weft direction whereas 3D interlock failed due to tearing in both warp and weft direction. 3D orthogonal based composite structure exhibited the highest specific energy absorption (SEA) along with improved spring stiffness and therefor it could be a potential material for automotive leaf spring application.
Establishment and Validation of Nomogram Model Integrated With Inflammation-Based Factors for the Prognosis of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Huang Zhiliang , Xing Shan , Zhu Yuanying , Qu Yuanye , Jiang Lina , Sheng Jiahe , Wang Qian , Xu Songtao , Xue Ning
Published: November 2020

Objects:

Inflammation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Tumor-associated inflammatory response plays a crucial role in enhancing tumorigenesis. This study aimed to establish an effective predictive nomogram based on inflammation factors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated 887 patients with advanced NSCLC between November 2004 and December 2015 and randomly divided them into primary (n = 520) and validation cohorts (n = 367). Cox regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors for building the nomogram. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined using a concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis and were compared to the TNM staging system.

Results:

The nomogram was established using independent risk factors ( P < 0.05): age, TNM stage, C reaction protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), and neutrophils (NEU). The C-index of the model for predicting OS had a superior discrimination power compared to that of the TNM staging system both in the primary [0.711 (95% CI: 0.675-0.747) vs 0.531 (95% CI: 0.488-0.574), P < 0.01] and validation cohorts [0.703, 95% CI: 0.671 -0.735 vs 0.582, 95% CI: 0.545-0.619, P < 0.01]. Decision curves also demonstrated that the nomogram had higher overall net benefits than that of the TNM staging system. Subgroup analyses revealed that the nomogram was a favorable prognostic parameter in advanced NSCLC ( P < 0.05). The results were internally validated using the validation cohorts.

Conclusions:

The proposed nomogram with inflammatory factors resulted in an accurate prognostic prediction in patients with advanced NSCLC.