bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retransmisión de partidos de fútbol de Canal+ en España: 1990 - 2016. La innovación tecnológica como referente
Authors: Sánchez-Cid Manuel , García-García Alberto , Cuevas-Molano Elena
Published: April 2020

La historia de la televisión está ligada al desarrollo tecnológico de sus sistemas de producción y transmisión. Desde sus inicios, la televisión ha buscado la forma más eficiente de trasladar con la mayor espectacularidad posible la información sonora y visual de los distintos programas que produce. Uno de estos contenidos es la retransmisión de los campeonatos de fútbol, que en España ha influido de forma indiscutible en los avances tecnológicos aplicados a la televisión. El objetivo de este estudio se centra en la innovación tecnológica aplicada en las retransmisiones de fútbol de Canal+ y su peso específico en la identidad de la cadena. Los resultados muestran la positiva repercusión que tuvo para Canal+ su firme convicción por el uso de la innovación tecnológica, como herramienta fundamental en pro de una comunicación que aporte al telespectador una experiencia maximizada próxima al propio espectáculo en vivo
Patients with celiac disease are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome and fatty liver
Authors: Agarwal Ashish , Singh Alka , Mehtab Wajiha , Gupta Vipin , Chauhan Ashish , Rajput Mahendra Singh , Singh Namrata , Ahuja Vineet , Makharia Govind K.
Published: April 2020

Background/Aims: Gluten-free diet has an excess of fats and simple sugars and puts patients with celiac disease at risk of metabolic complications including metabolic syndrome and fatty liver. We assessed prevalence of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver in two cohorts of celiac disease.Methods: Study was done in 2 groups. In group 1, 54 treatment naïve patients with celiac disease were recruited. Of them, 44 returned after 1-year of gluten-free diet and were reassessed. In group 2, 130 celiac disease patients on gluten-free diet for ≥1 year were recruited. All patients were assessed for anthropometric and metabolic parameters and fatty liver. Metabolic syndrome was defined as per consensus definition for Asian Indians. Fatty liver was defined as controlled attenuation parameter value >263 decibels by FibroScan.Results: In group 1, of 44 treatment naïve patients with celiac disease, metabolic syndrome was present in 5 patients (11.4%) at baseline and 9 (18.2%) after 1 year of gluten-free diet. Patients having fatty liver increased from 6 patients (14.3%) at baseline to 13 (29.5%) after 1year of gluten-free diet (P=0.002). In group 2, of 130 patients with celiac disease on gluten-free diet for a median duration of 4 years, 30 out of 114 (26.3%) and 30 out of 130 patients (23%) had metabolic syndrome and fatty liver, respectively.Conclusions: Patients with celiac disease are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome and fatty liver, which increases further with gluten-free diet. These patients should be assessed for nutritional and metabolic features and counseled about balanced diet and physical activity regularly.
The quest for new tools to preserve rural heritage landscapes
Authors: Schmitz Serge , Bruckmann Laurent
Published: April 2020

This article aims to assess the tool of “grand site paysager” through its first implementation in Wallonia in order to reflect on tools that can preserve rural heritage landscapes. We seek to define the classification logic for this site and its relevance to the diversity of values and activities of site users. The “grand site” tool aims to preserve heritage landscapes of an intermediate scale, between the reserves of a few hectares and the national parks of several thousand hectares, but this tool has several weaknesses. Indeed, the multiple recreational uses seem to oppose the arguments for classification. Moreover, farming is neglected. However, we suggest that recreational value should be acknowledged as a community heritage.
Redescubrimiento de paisajes ganaderos tradicionales (Camero Nuevo, La Rioja) después del abandono rural y de la dinámica reciente de cambios de usos y cubiertas
Authors: López Leiva César , González Ávila Sergio , Elena Rosselló Ramón
Published: April 2020

Este artículo se concibe como un análisis y una reflexión en clave de presente, pero también como una dimensión prospectiva sobre el cambio en los usos del suelo y en los ecosistemas en los últimos setenta años, así como en el modelo tradicional de ocupación humana en Cameros (La Rioja), un territorio representativo de los paisajes rurales del norte de la península Ibérica vinculados, desde la época medieval, al sistema económico de la trashumancia. Centrándonos en la subcomarca de Camero Nuevo, analizamos algunos datos reveladores de los cambios de las unidades de uso y de la cubierta vegetal registrados desde 1956, y valoramos su trascendencia territorial, ecosistémica y paisajística desde una perspectiva actual, pero también proyectada al futuro. En este último sentido, planteamos la necesidad de realizar una revaloración de los signos ecológicos y culturales de sus paisajes y la conveniencia de profundizar en la orientación sostenible de los aprovechamientos forestales. Con el aumento del ecoturismo de origen urbano, subrayamos la necesidad de entender las diferentes estructuras del medio natural (arbolado, matorral, pastos) como parte de un tejido ecológico múltiple e integral, inseparable en cualquier caso, y a diferentes escalas y niveles, de la acción humana.
Guidelines for the management of surgical departments in non-uniform hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mitura Kryspin , Myśliwiec Piotr , Rogula Wojciech , Solecki Michał , Furtak Jarosław Piotr , Kazanowski Michał , Kłęk Stanisław , Nowakowski Michał , Pędziwiatr Michał , Zawadzki Marek , Wallner Grzegorz , Sobocki Jacek
Published: April 2020

In the last several weeks we have been witnessing the exponentially progressing pandemic SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. As the number of people infected with SARS-CoV2 escalates, the problem of surgical management of patients requiring urgent surgery is increasing. Patients infected with SARS-CoV2 virus but with negative test results will appear in general hospitals and may pose a risk to other patients and hospital staff. Health care workers constitutes nearly 17% of infected population in Poland, therefore early identification of infected people becomes a priority to protect human resources and to ensure continuity of the access to a surgical care. Both surgical operations, and endoscopic procedures are considered as interventions with an increased risk of infection. Therefore, determining the algorithm becomes crucial for qualifying patients for surgical treatment, but also to stratify the risk of personnel being infected during surgery and to adequately protect staff. Each hospital should be logistically prepared for the need to perform urgent surgery on a patient with suspected or confirmed infection, including personal protective equipment. Limited availability of the equipment, working under pressure and staff shortages in addition to a highly contagious pathogen necessitate a pragmatic management of human resources in health care. Instant synchronized action is needed, and clear uniform guidelines are essential for the healthcare system to provide citizens with the necessary surgical care while protecting both patients, and staff. This document presents current recommendations regarding surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland.
ORGANISED CRIME AND PROSTITUTION: ‘DUBAI-ING’ AS A NEW CONCEPT OF HUNGARIAN PROSTITUTION
Authors: KOVÁCS ISTVÁN
Published: April 2020

The study deals with a brief history of organised crime in Hungary
in the past and today. One of the biggest sources of revenue for organised
crime is prostitution. Hundreds of victims are reported daily. In addition to
this, a new strategic approach has emerged, linked to the upward management
of organised crime. Prostitutes volunteer for work, the organised groups
do not use violence, and illicit earnings are distributed among themselves
on the basis of work done. The girls are transferred to rich countries where
rich people can enjoy their services through a built-in agency system. Many
girls are referred to Dubai, where the new form of Hungarian prostitution is
thriving: the ‘dubai-ing’ phenomenon. The study presents, through a case
study, the phenomenon of ‘dubai-ing’, and the activities of organised criminal
groups. The method used is critical source analysis, basic historical
research, as well as case and judgement/verdict analysis. This is not a classic
analysis, but a criminal analysis of specifi c cases. The strategic aim is to
collect data which can show the new profi le of organised crime in the 21st
century.
SUICIDES IN POLAND — ETIOLOGY AND SCALE OF THE PHENOMENON IN 2008–2018
Authors: KAWECKI ANDRZEJ
Published: April 2020

For many years, suicides have been the most tragic manifestation of social and personality disintegration in Poland and abroad. Suicide is a subject of interest for psychologists, psychiatrists, pedagogues, sociologists, philosophers, theologians, doctors, and criminologists. The article presents a statistical analysis of suicide attempts based on data from the National Police Headquarters conducted in this fi eld in 2008-2018. In this context, it presents the causes and effects of suicidal behaviour. The analysis of social groups of high suicidal risk, reasons, methods and location of suicide attempts, marital status, and education of suicides are also presented.
OBLIGATION TO DENOUNCE IN THE CONTEXT OF MEDICAL CONFIDENTIALITY
Authors: MUCHA EDYTA
Published: April 2020

The subject of the article is the issue of the obligation to notify
about a crime in relation to medical confi dentiality. Medical workers may obtain
information indicating the commission of a criminal act while performing
medical services. An important issue is whether, in such a situation, they can
or should notify law enforcement authorities. In order to resolve these issues,
the legislator defi nes the legal and social obligation to denounce. The legal
obligation of a medical worker to notify about a crime relates to the offences
specifi ed in Art. 240 (1) of the Act of June 6, 1997 — Penal Code. Among
the enumerated types of generic acts covered by denunciation, particularly
important due to the issues raised, are the crime of murder (Article 148
of the Penal Code) and deprivation of liberty (Article 189 of the Penal Code).
A medical worker having obtained reliable information about the commission
of a criminal act is obliged to notify law enforcement authorities. It is irrelevant
whether they learned about it while carrying out professional activities
or without a connection with their performance. The criminal sanction for
failure to comply with the obligation under Article 240 (1) of the Criminal
Code is a prison sentence of up to 3 years. However, the social obligation
to denounce is introduced by Art. 304 (1) of the Act of June 6, 1997 — Code
of Criminal Procedure. Failure to fulfi l obligations of this nature does not
result in any criminal consequences. The social obligation to denounce does
not include offences prosecuted on private accusation or on request of the
victim. It is worth noting that this obligation does not repeal any of the laws
regulating medical secrets. In this case, a medical worker who has learned
of a crime in connection with the exercise of their profession has no obligation
to denounce. It should be emphasised that a medical worker may fulfi l
the obligation to denounce only if the patient or their legal representative has
consented to it, or if there are premises for presuming the consent.
Emergency Number 112: Its Nature and the Need to Educate the Public in Poland
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Barbara , Lis Karolina
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: According to statistical data, since 2014, only about 20% of incoming calls to the emergency call centre have been actual emergency calls, others are classified as non-emergency or false calls. This leads to the question: Why is this situation happening in the Republic of Poland? OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article is to show the public’s awareness with regard to the purpose of 112 emergency number and to indicate the causes and effects of the discussed phenomenon as well as proposals aimed at changing the existing state of affairs. METHODOLOGY: Theoretical and empirical methods were used. An analysis was made of, inter alia, available literature on security and education for safety, sources of law and reports on the functioning of the emergency communication system. Interviews with experts, who are the 112 emergency number operators, were also conducted. CONCLUSIONS: There are many problems generated by the Polish citizens that prevent the proper functioning of the 112 emergency telephone number. The reasons lie primarily in two areas: the lack of adequate education within the context of all social groups and the lack of strict penalties for deliberate performing non-emergency calls or blocking the emergency line.
Die Abwägung von Freiheit und Sicherheit
Authors: Ramadori Paolo
Published: April 2020

Terrorist attacks have tested the liberal values of Western democracies again and again. The events of September 11th, 2001 have triggered a long-standing security debate in Germany and have revived doubts about the rationality of the established principles of proportionality and balancing. In the United Kingdom, on the other hand, the attacks have put to the test the human rights act and have boosted human rights doctrine and jurisprudence. In his comparative work, the author examines, on the basis of the consideration of freedom and security, which lessons can be learned from the British application of human rights since 9/11 for the German security debate and for the application of fundamental rights under German Basic Law.
Europa der Regionen
Authors: Fritsch Maximilian
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine whether it is possible to define the term “regions” and their legal competences in European law. There are important reasons for dealing with this topic. For some years, the consent on integration in Europe has been declining perceptibly. It is worrying how current tendencies of destabilisation unsettle the peoples of Europe, change their legal systems and remove states from the Union. European society, which is becoming increasingly diverse, will have to find a new consent on how to regulate its cohabitation if it wants to remain together in one European Union. Therefore, besides the trend to individualisation, the desire for an identity, in a sense of a new „public spirit“, plays an important role. This tendency concerns the regions with legislative competences directly. The connection between individualistic and public interests starts with topics, which have their roots in regional matters. This study tries to find answers to questions on the future of regionality in Europe.
Statistical Comparison of Stroke Patients Visiting an Emergency Department During Summer Versus Winter: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Forouzanfar Mohammad Mehdi , Sepehrirad Atefeh , Heydari Kamran , Mirbaha Sahar
Published: April 2020

Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to compare the number of brain stroke cases presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) of a major referral hospital in Tehran during summer and winter. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective hospital-based study was carried out in 2016 - 2017 in Tehran, Iran. The study population consisted of all patients admitted with a diagnosis of brain stroke. The data of all patients were extracted from their medical profiles and analyzed via SPSS V.16 software using descriptive statistics (mean and percentage). Results: In this study, we enrolled 179 patients with a mean age of 68.0 ± 14.5 years (62.0% males). The rate of brain stroke was 63% in summer, and 37% in winter (62% vs. 38%; P = 0.014), and this difference did not correlate with sex or age of the patients (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Comparing the prevalence of brain stroke in summer and winter in this study showed that the frequency of brain stroke was significantly higher in the three months of summer (warm season) than winter (cold season).
Family and School Predictors of Tobacco Use in Chilean Adolescents Aged 13 - 14: A National Study
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Alejandra , Maury-Sintjago Eduard , Parra-Flores Julio
Published: April 2020

Objectives: Adolescent smoking is a major health care concern which calls for a more in-depth study of the factors affecting this pediatric disease. We aimed to determine the prevalence of tobacco use among Chilean adolescents aged 13 - 14 and its association with family and school factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study. Data from the Eleventh Chilean National Study of Drugs in the School Population 2015 were used (n = 11,791). School and family variables of parental control were evaluated and analyzed by the chi-Square test and a multivariate logistic regression model. Data were processed with the STATA V. 14.0 software at the α = 0.05 level of significance. Results: The prevalence of tobacco use at some time during life was 36% with onset age of 11.4 ± 3.6 years. Girls smoke proportionally more than boys (40.5% and 31.5%, respectively). Parental monitoring decreased use and acted as a protective factor (OR: 0.41, 95%CI: 0.375 - 0.468); likewise for good school performance (OR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.475 - 0.584). In turn, running away from school raises the risk of smoking (OR: 2.34, 95%CI: 2.03 - 2.72). Conclusions: There is a feminization of cigarette use, and the risk of cigarette smoking increases considerably among adolescents who run away from school. However, parental control and school performance are powerful protective factors against early tobacco use.
Intra-Operative Total Bowel Washing: A New Method to Improve the Outcome of Gastroschisis Primary Repair
Authors: Mohammadipour Ahmad , Hiradfar Mehran , Shojaeian Reza
Published: April 2020

Background: Gastroschisis is an abdominal wall defect that is managed by surgical reduction of herniated bowel into the abdominal cavity and abdominal wall reconstruction. Loss of abdominal domain is the main challenge that may complicate the process of gastroschisis management. Objectives: This article is about innovative manure called total bowel washing (TBW) that may improve the outcome of gastroschisis primary repair. Methods: All neonates with gastroschisis who met the study inclusion criteria between 2006 - 2019 were enrolled and divided into two groups of conventional and TBW method of gastroschisis management. In TBW group, bowls were washed with warm saline and after a gentle enterolysis, the whole gastrointestinal tract was irrigated via a gastric tube and evacuated completely from thick meconium until the watery stool started to come out of anus slightly. Primary abdominal wall closure was performed after loop by loop bowel reduction. Gastroschisis management outcome was compared between the two groups. Results: 15 neonates were allocated in each group. Demographic and anthropometric variables were compared and any significant difference wasn’t reported between the two groups. We observed a significantly better outcome in terms of faster GI rehabilitation, shorter time to oral feeding tolerance, less need to silo placement and shorter NICU and hospital stay in TBW method. Operation time was slightly longer in TBW group while the difference was not significant statistically. Conclusions: Total bowel washing and complete evacuation of gastrointestinal tract from thick meconium will increase the success rate of primary repair and improve the outcome of gastroschisis management.
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Co-Rumination Questionnaire
Authors: Aghebati Asma , Joekar Sanaz , Alimoradi Hamzeh , Ataie Shima
Published: April 2020

Background: Although growing studies support features of co-rumination as a vulnerability factor in internalizing symptoms and positive factor in friendship, little attention has been paid to the psychometric properties of the Co-Rumination Questionnaire (CRQ). Objectives: This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of this questionnaire. Methods: This research is a descriptive-exploratory study and 550 high school students who were selected by random cluster sampling from schools in Tehran. They completed CRQ, Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II), and ruminative response scale (RRS) from winter 2014 to summer 2015. Construct validity, internal consistency reliability, and factor structure were investigated. Results: The factor analysis identified two interpretable factors with the eigenvalue higher than 2. The results from concurrent validity measurement in the current study showed that co-rumination has a positive correlation with depression signs (P < 0.01) and rumination response style (P < 0.01). The CRQ validity was determined using the half-split method employing Spearman-Brown (0.82) and Guttman correlation test (0.81) and internal consistency (0.90). According to these values, this questionnaire has acceptable internal consistency reliability. Conclusions: The Persian version of CRQ has reliability and validity for assessing co-rumination among adolescent participants. This study provides primary evidence on the applicability of the Persian version of the CRQ in the Iranian population.
Main Factors Leading to Supplier-Induced Demand in Iran: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Seyedin Hesam , Afshari Mahnaz , Isfahani Parvaneh , Rakhshan Amir , Hasanzadeh Ebrahim , Taherimirghaed Masood
Published: April 2020

Context: Supplier-induced demand (SID) is one of the challenges of health systems, leading to unbearable expenses, particularly for people. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the factors leading to SID in Iran. Data Sources: The present study is a comprehensive systematic review focusing on studies of SID up to the end of May 2018 in six English databases, five Persian databases, and two search engines. The exclusion criteria were publications in languages other than Persian and English and publications after May 2018. Data Extraction: A data extraction form was used to record authors' names and specifications, year of publication, the city of the study, language, purpose, methodology, data collection method, and factors influencing the induced demand. The risk of bias was assessed using a standard risk of bias tool. Results: We found 514 papers. Eventually, 16 papers met the inclusion criteria, and they were selected for the study. We found 11 papers in the Persian language and five articles in English. The design of 37.5% of the articles was qualitative, 31.25% analytical, 25% descriptive-analytical, and 6.25% descriptive. Factors influencing SID were classified at four levels including meta-level (Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME)), macro-level (universities of Medical Sciences), meso-level (service providers), and micro-level (patients). Conclusions: According to the results of this research, creating SID can lead to serious challenges for health systems, service providers, patients, and insurance organizations. Therefore, health managers and policymakers need to design appropriate strategies such as adopting the evidence-based approach to purchasing services by the insurer and approval of standards and rules to reduce such SID.
A Seromolecular Study on the Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus in Pregnant Women Living in Golestan Province, Iran
Authors: Lakzayi Elahe , Fozouni Leila , Pordeli Hamidreza
Published: April 2020

Background: Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is highly frequent during pregnancy in human beings, which mostly results in preterm birth. Objectives: The current study aimed at comparing serological and molecular methods to determine the frequency of CMV infection in pregnant women admitted to hospitals in Golestan Province, Northern Iran. Methods: The study was conducted on 315 blood samples collected from pregnant women. After completion of the screening test questionnaire, CMV-IgG, CMV-IgM, and CMV-IgG avidity tests were performed to determine the seropositivity prevalence of CMV. Finally, after DNA extraction, the PCR technique was employed to detect the CMV genome in the samples. Results: Out of the studied women, 81.2% were positive for CMV-IgG and CMV-IgM, but only 8.2% had positive results in the molecular detection of CMV, out of which 61.9% had a history of abortion. In terms of the correlation between ethnicity and infection with CMV, 66.7% of positive samples belonged to Fars ethnic group. The relationship between ethnicity and occupational status in terms of CMV infection revealed that 85% of Fars and 29% of Turkmen housewives were positive for CMV. In terms of the relationship between ethnicity and age, 35% of pregnant women from Fars and 42% from Turkmen ethnic groups were over 30 years. Furthermore, the results showed that 71% of Fars and 42% of Turkmen pregnant women were infected with CMV during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Among all these variables, a significant relationship was observed only between the age of pregnant women and infection with CMV (P = 0.045). Conclusions: The current study results showed that despite the increasing frequency of CMV infection in pregnant women, seropositivity, and even higher titers of CMV-IgG have no predictive value for active CMV infection. Concerning the importance of rapid and definitive diagnosis of the disease before the emergence of manifestations, molecular techniques could be of great help as they are effective in the diagnosis of infection with smaller amounts of the pathogenic genome.
Predictive diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers obtained from routine blood biochemistry in patients with solitary intracranial tumor
Authors: Yuksel Ulas , Ogden Mustafa , Ozdemir Alemiddin , Kisa Ucler , Bakar Bulent
Published: April 2020

Background: Radiological and/or laboratory tests may be sometimes inadequate distinguishing glioblastoma from metastatic brain tumors. The aim of this study was to find possible predictive biomarkers produced from routine blood biochemistry analysis results evaluated preoperatively in each patient with solitary brain tumor in distinguishing glioblastoma from metastatic brain tumors as well as revealing short-term prognosis. Methods: Patients admitted to neurosurgery clinic between January 2015 and September 2018 were included in this study and they were divided into GLIOMA (n=12) and METASTASIS (n=17) groups. Patients' data consisted of age, gender, Glasgow Coma Scale scores, duration of stay in hospital, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores and histopathological examination reports, hemoglobin level, leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil and platelet count results, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio values, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels were evaluated preoperatively. Results: The CRP levels of METASTASIS group (143.10 mg/L) were higher than those of GLIOMA group (23.90 mg/L); and it was 82% sensitive and 75% specific in distinguishing metastatic brain tumor from glioblastoma if CRP value was >55.00 mg/L. A positive correlation was determined between GOS score and hemoglobin level and between ESR and CRP values. However, GOS scores were negatively correlated with the ESR level and duration of stay in hospital. Conclusions: Study results demonstrated that CRP values could be predictive biomarker in distinguishing metastatic brain tumor from glioblastoma. In addition, ESR, CRP, hemoglobin levels and duration of stay in hospital could be prognostic biomarkers in predicting short-term prognosis of patients with solitary brain tumor.
Influence of b2 adrenergic receptor polymorphism (rs1042713 and rs1042714) on anthropometric, hormonal and lipid profiles in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Daghestani Maha , Omair Maha , Daghestani Mazin , Abdel-Razeq Sonya , Kaya Namik , Warsy Arjumand
Published: April 2020

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a frequently encountered disorder. This study aimed to identify polymorphisms in ADRB2 in Saudi PCOS development and to study its influence on lipids, hormones, and anthropometric parameters. Methods: Saudi females (100) suffering from PCOS and healthy controls (100) were investigated. The estimation of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), plasma glucose, leptin Insulin, and ghrelin were carried out. The DNA was extracted, and ADRB2 fragment carrying the exon 1 was amplified and sequenced. Results: The waist, W/H ratio, lipids, glucose, and insulin were significantly higher in the obese PCOS compared to the normal weight group. The leptin and ghrelin were not different. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs1042713 (Arg16Gly; A>G) and rs1042714 (Gln27Glu; C>G) were identified. The genotype and allele frequency of rs1042713 did not differ in the total PCOS and normal weight, and obese PCOS compare to the controls. However, rs1042714 was significantly associated with PCOS development, where the minor G allele was protective against PCOS development. Conclusions: The rs1042714 polymorphism of the ADRB associates with PCOS development in Saudis, while rs1042713 does not. However, the GG genotype of rs1042713 associates significantly with elevated BMI, waist, hip, W/H, and leptin, and decreased ghrelin. On the other hand, rs1042714 genotypes do not associate with any abnormality except the homozygous GG have higher triglycerides and lower HDL-C. Interestingly, glucose showed different correlation patterns in individuals carrying different genotypes of the two studied SNP, indicating clearly that the metabolic responses to a normal nutrient are significantly influenced by the genotypes of the SNPs in ADRB2.
A Note on Universal Point Sets for Planar Graphs
Authors: Scheucher Manfred , Schrezenmaier Hendrik , Steiner Raphael
Published: April 2020

We investigate which planar point sets allow
simultaneous straight-line embeddings of all planar graphs on a fixed number of vertices.
We first show that at least $(1.293-o(1))n$ points are required
to find a straight-line drawing of each $n$-vertex planar graph
(vertices are drawn as the given points);
this improves the previous best constant $1.235$ by Kurowski (2004).

Our second main result is based on exhaustive computer search:
We show that no set of 11 points exists, on which
all planar 11-vertex graphs can be simultaneously drawn plane straight-line.
This strengthens the result by Cardinal, Hoffmann, and Kusters (2015),
that all planar graphs on $n \le 10$ vertices can be
simultaneously drawn on particular $n$-universal sets of $n$ points
while there are no $n$-universal sets of size $n$ for $n \ge 15$.
We also provide 49 planar 11-vertex graphs
which cannot be simultaneously drawn on any set of 11 points.
This, in fact, is another step towards a (negative) answer of the question,
whether every two planar graphs can be drawn simultaneously - a question raised by
Brass, Cenek, Duncan, Efrat, Erten, Ismailescu, Kobourov, Lubiw, and Mitchell (2007).
Forecast assessment of tax revenue in the context of application of special tax regimes
Authors: Khizhak Natalya
Published: April 2020

This research is aimed at resolution of the question of forecasting tax revenues for consolidated budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in terms of changing the composition of taxes within taxation system under the conditions of high level of uncertainty. For assessing the economic effect from transition of small business entities from Unfixed Tax on Imputed Income (UTII) to other special tax regimes, the author analyzes the established by legislation conditions, requirements and limitations applicable to special tax regimes, and formulates the benchmark data for forecasting. Based on the results of analysis of existing approaches towards tax planning, it is substantiated that the forecast assessment of tax revenue after cancellation of UTII requires employment of expert approach with the use of the method of scenario analysis. The scenario leans on the fact that the business interest of taxpayer, which defines his choice in terms of changing the taxation regime, is the reduction of tax burden. The key variables for the scenario analysis include: legislatively established restrictions towards application of special tax regimes by the taxpayers, as well as the amount, categories, and organizational-legal forms of small business entities that after the cancellation of UTII selected another taxation regime. The result of approbation of the proposed approach consists in the forecast assessment of economic regime of transition from UTII to other taxation regimes, reflected in change in the volume of tax revenue tor the consolidated budget of the Republic of Crimea. The proposed methodology is valuable for the simplicity of calculations and accessibility of the necessary database, and can be utilized for forecasting the tax revenue of any constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the context of changing taxation of small businesses.
Replication Study: A coding-independent function of gene and pseudogene mRNAs regulates tumour biology
Authors: Kerwin John , Khan Israr ,   Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology, Iorns Elizabeth , Tsui Rachel , Denis Alexandria , Perfito Nicole , Errington Timothy M
Published: April 2020

As part of the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology we published a Registered Report (Khan et al., 2015), that described how we intended to replicate selected experiments from the paper "A coding-independent function of gene and pseudogene mRNAs regulates tumour biology" (Poliseno et al., 2010). Here we report the results. We found PTEN depletion in the prostate cancer cell line DU145 did not detectably impact expression of the corresponding pseudogene PTENP1. Similarly, depletion of PTENP1 did not impact PTEN mRNA levels. The original study reported PTEN or PTENP1 depletion statistically reduced the corresponding pseudogene or gene (Figure 2G; Poliseno et al., 2010). PTEN and/or PTENP1 depletion in DU145 cells decreased PTEN protein expression, which was similar to the original study (Figure 2H; Poliseno et al., 2010). Further, depletion of PTEN and/or PTENP1 increased DU145 proliferation compared to non-targeting siRNA, which was in the same direction as the original study (Figure 2F; Poliseno et al., 2010), but not statistically significant. We found PTEN 3'UTR overexpression in DU145 cells did not impact PTENP1 expression, while the original study reported PTEN 3'UTR increased PTENP1 levels (Figure 4A; Poliseno et al., 2010). Overexpression of PTEN 3'UTR also statistically decreased DU145 proliferation compared to controls, which was similar to the findings reported in the original study (Figure 4A; Poliseno et al., 2010). Differences between the original study and this replication attempt, such as level of knockdown efficiency and cellular confluence, are factors that might have influenced the results. Finally, where possible, we report meta-analyses for each result.
A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the adult Drosophila ventral nerve cord
Authors: Allen Aaron M , Neville Megan C , Birtles Sebastian , Croset Vincent , Treiber Christoph Daniel , Waddell Scott , Goodwin Stephen F
Published: April 2020

The Drosophila ventral nerve cord (VNC) receives and processes descending signals from the brain to produce a variety of coordinated locomotor outputs. It also integrates sensory information from the periphery and sends ascending signals to the brain. We used single-cell transcriptomics to generate an unbiased classification of cellular diversity in the VNC of five-day old adult flies. We produced an atlas of 26,000 high-quality cells, representing more than 100 transcriptionally distinct cell types. The predominant gene signatures defining neuronal cell types reflect shared developmental histories based on the neuroblast from which cells were derived, as well as their birth order. The relative position of cells along the anterior-posterior axis could also be assigned using adult Hox gene expression. This single-cell transcriptional atlas of the adult fly VNC will be a valuable resource for future studies of neurodevelopment and behavior.
Expression of 1B capsid protein of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) using baculovirus expression system and its validation in detecting SAT 2- specific antisera
Authors: Elmenofy Wael , Mohamed Ismail , El-Gaied Lamiaa , Salem Reda , Osman Gamal , Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: April 2020

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most devastating animal viruses that affect livestock worldwide. The 1B capsid of FMDV has been widely used to detect and confirm the infection. In the present study, the sequence coding for 1B subunit of FMDV capsid was expressed in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system under the polyhedrin (polh) promoter. The expression of 1B capsid protein was validated in the culture filtrate of insect cells using SDS-PAGE and western blotting. The culture filtrate containing recombinant 1B capsid (r1B) was used as a coated antigen in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antigenicity and specificity of r1B against SAT 2 serotype-specific antibodies were assessed. Our results revealed that a protein concentration as low as 25 ng could detect SAT 2-specific antibodies in ELISA. The results highlight the application of insect cells developed r1B protein in the detection of FMDV. Further studies are required to determine the ability of r1B to detect other FMDV serotypes.
Additions to the phylogeny of colubrine snakes in Southwestern Asia, with description of a new genus and species (Serpentes: Colubridae: Colubrinae)
Authors: Rajabizadeh Mahdi , Pyron R. Alexander , Nazarov Roman , Poyarkov Nikolay A. , Adriaens Dominique , Herrel Anthony
Published: April 2020

Reptiles are still being described worldwide at a pace of hundreds of species a year. While many discoveries are from remote tropical areas, biodiverse arid regions still harbor many novel taxa. Here, we present an updated phylogeny of colubrid snakes from the Western Palearctic by analyzing a supermatrix of all available global snake species with molecular data and report on the discovery of a new genus and species of colubrine snake from southeastern Iran. The new taxon, namedPersiophis fahimiiGen. et sp. nov., is nested within a clade containing Middle Eastern and South Asian ground racers (Lytorhynchus,Rhynchocalamus, Wallaceophis, andWallophis). This species has a derived morphology including an edentulous pterygoid and occurrence of short and blunt teeth on the palatine, maxillae and dentary bones, an elongated snout and a relatively trihedral first supralabial scale that is slightly bigger than the second, and elongated toward the tip of rostral. We also report on the osteology and phylogenetic placement of several poorly studied colubrines:Hierophis andreanus(reassigned toDolichophis) andMuhtarophis barani.
EFEITO DE ADJUVANTE ASSOCIADO A HERBICIDAS NO CONTROLE DE Digitaria insularis L.
Authors: Caixeta João Pedro Lemos , Júnior Kleso Silva Franco , Brigante Giselle Prado , Dias Márcio De Souza
Published: April 2020

A aplicação de herbicidas com adjuvantes pode melhorar a eficiência de controlede plantas daninhas como a Digitaria insularis L., que ocasiona prejuízos emdiversas culturas agrícolas devido a sua alta competitividade e dificuldade decontrole. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o sinergismo do adjuvanteSinerMax® associado aos herbicidas cletodim, glifosato e haloxifop-P-metílico nocontrole do capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis L). O experimento foi conduzidoentre setembro e outubro de 2018. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o emblocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x2+1 com 5 repetições, sendo ostratamentos com cletodim 240 g L-1 de i.a. (0,45 l ha-1), glifosato 480 g L-1 de i.a.(4 L ha-1) e haloxifop-P-metílico 124,7 g L-1 de i.a. (0,5 L ha-1) associados ou nãoao adjuvante SinerMax® (0,5 L ha-1) e o tratamento controle sem uso de herbicida,sendo avaliado a ausência de dano aparente, a morte completa da planta e matériaseca das plantas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância e asmédias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott à 5% probabilidade. Os herbicidashaloxifop-P-metílico e glifosato apresentam os melhores níveis de controle deDigitaria insularis L., com maior fitotoxidade (entre 60 e 90%) e menor acúmulode matéria seca em relação ao tratamento controle. O adjuvante (SinerMax®)associado aos herbicidas glifosato, haloxifop-P-metílico e cletodim não resultouem maior eficiência de controle de D. insularis L.
TOLERÂNCIA DE PLANTAS JOVENS DE CAFÉ A HERBICIDAS APLICADOS ISOLADAMENTE OU EM MISTURA COM O FERTILIZANTE FERTIACTYL
Authors: Do Nascimento Jefferson Luiz Marciano , Ferreira Lino Roberto , Pereira Gustavo Antônio Mendes , Adriano Rodrigo Cabral , Pucci Laís Franchini
Published: April 2020

O controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do cafeeiro é dificultado pela escassez de herbicidas seletivos para a cultura em fase de implantação. Uma alternativa para contornar os danos causados pelos herbicidas é o uso de protetores químicos com capacidade de minimizar a intoxicação dos herbicidas. Objetivou-se avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados isoladamente ou em mistura no tanque com o Fertiactyl Sweet® para plantas de café recém-transplantadas. O experimento foi realizado em vasos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 10x2, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator correspondeu a nove herbicidas: (oxyfluorfen; sulfentrazone; flumioxazin; [isoxaflutole + indaziflam]; isoxaflutole; indaziflam; [metribuzin + indaziflam]; chlorimuron-etílico; e metsulfuron-metílico) e o controle sem aplicação de herbicida; o segundo fator constou da presença ou ausência do Fertiactyl Sweet. Os tratamentos foram aplicados em “over the top” aos 30 dias após o transplantio. De 7 aos 172 dias após a aplicação (DAA), avaliou-se a porcentagem de intoxicação. E aos 172 DAA, mensurou-se as variáveis morfológicas das plantas. A adição do Fertiactyl Sweet junto à calda dos herbicidas não modificou a tolerância das plantas de café aos herbicidas. Os herbicidas mais tolerantes para o café foram o oxyfluorfen e o sulfentrazone. A mistura comercial indaziflam + metribuzin causou a morte das mudas de café. O Fertiactyl Sweet® não reduziu a intoxicação das mudas de café arábica (Catuaí vermelho - linhagem 44) causada pelos herbicidas estudados. Os herbicidas metsulfuron-metílico e oxyfluorfen foram os mais tolerados pelas plantas de café recém-transplantadas.
Factors Influencing Consumers’ Preference for Imported Rice in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Hagan Margaret Aba Sam , Awunyo-Vitor Dadson
Published: April 2020

This study has examined the determinants of consumption of imported rice in the Kumasi Metropolis in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Data was collected from households that were selected in the various sub-metros within the metropolis. In all 327 rice consumers were sampled and interviewed. Descriptive and inferential statistics involving the use of frequency, mean and standard deviation as well as the Probit regression model were used to analyse the data. The results revealed that age, gender, household size, income, education, and price were statistically significant. Education, gender and income influenced consumption of imported rice positively, while household size, age and price had a negative influence on consumption of imported rice. In conclusion, key factors which influence consumers’ preference for imported rice are education, income and household size. It is recommended that government enact law and develop policies to regulate importation of rice into the country and also improve upon the production of rice locally.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites among School Children Attending Two Community Schools in Auta Balefi, Karu, Nasarawa State
Authors: Ishaku Maikenti, James , Onyeacho Chinonso Praise , Koggie Amos Zamfara
Published: April 2020

Aim: To determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites among school children attending two community schools in Auta-balefi, Karu. Nasarawa State.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted between July and August, 2019 in two community schools in Auta-balefi, Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

Methodology: Microscopic examination of faecal sample from 288 pupils (143 males and 145 females) from ages 5 years and above was carried out using formol-ether concentration technique. Questionnaires were also administered and only pupils whose parents gave their consents were enrolled in the study.

Results: This study recorded an overall prevalence of 45.1% gastrointestinal helminth infection. The study however, identified the following parasites in descending order: hookworm (30.76%), Ascaris lumbricoides (25.4%), Schistosoma mansoni (17.7%), Strongyloides stercoralis (13.8%), Proglottids of tapeworm (10.78%), Fasciola hepatica (1.5%). Males (51.0%) were more infected as well as children between the ages 11-15 years with (48.3%). Risk factors such as: The educational status and occupation (higher education and unskilled job) of the parents, use of water closet and use of well water and contact with soil were found to contribute to the prevalence of intestinal helminths infection in the study. This is because of the significant association of present of parasites and the prevalence of the parasites (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths parasite at the end of the study was (45.1%) which is considered to be high compare to previous study carried on the related subject matter and also certain risk factors were considered to be the reason for such high observation. The prevalence in this study is one to be worried about considering the harm these parasites has on the health and livelihood of children who need to be healthy to carry out their everyday functions.
Brain amyloid, cortical thickness, and changes in activities of daily living
Authors: Vassilaki Maria , Aakre Jeremiah A. , Kremers Walter K. , Lesnick Timothy G. , Mielke Michelle M. , Geda Yonas E. , Machulda Mary M. , Knopman David S. , Butler Lesley , Traber Martin , Vemuri Prashanthi , Lowe Val J. , Jack Clifford R. , Roberts Rosebud O. , Petersen Ronald C.
Published: April 2020

Objective

To examine the association of baseline elevated brain amyloid and neurodegeneration with changes in activities of daily living in participants without dementia (ND; i.e., cognitively unimpaired and participants with mild cognitive impairment) at baseline in the population‐based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.

Methods

We included 1747 ND participants with 11C‐PiB PET and MR imaging in the study, with data on activities of daily living (as assessed by the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) and the Clinical Dementia Rating scale Sum of Boxes for functional domains (CDR‐SOB (functional)), with a median (range) of 4.3 (0.0–12.7) years of follow‐up. Abnormal (elevated; A+) 11C‐PiB‐PET retention ratio was defined as standardized uptake value ratio ≥ 1.48, and abnormal (reduced) AD signature cortical thickness as ≤ 2.68 mm (neurodegeneration; N+). Associations were examined with mixed effects models, adjusting for age, sex, education, apolipoprotein E ε4 allele carrier status, and global cognitive z‐score.

Results

Mean age (SD) was 71.4 years (10.1), 46.7% were females, 195 (11.2%) had A+N‐, 442 (25.3%) had A‐N+, and 339 (19.4%) had A+N+ biomarkers. The A+N+ group had the largest annualized change in the FAQ score from baseline (difference in annual change A+N+ vs. A‐N‐; ß (SE): 0.80 (0.07)); associations were substantially attenuated when a time‐varying global cognitive composite was included in the model (A+N+ vs. A‐N‐; ß (SE): 0.31 (0.05)). CDR‐SOB (functional) findings partly agreed with FAQ score findings.

Interpretation

The longitudinal increase in functional limitations is greater for individuals with abnormal neuroimaging biomarkers, especially for those with both elevated brain amyloid and neurodegeneration.