bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Trading Regulatory Risk for a Unified and Interconnected Electricity Market in China
Authors: Fang Yin , Zhao Zhi Qiang , Gao Chun Cheng , Dai Yong , Shi Shu Hong
Published: December 2014

Trading regulatory risk arises prominently in the preliminary formulation of a unified and interconnected electricity market in China. Risk indices, evaluation models and methods as well as index weights are three important aspects of a comprehensive trading regulatory risk evaluation. In this paper, firstly, on the basis of the current electricity market environment in China, systematic trading regulatory risk indices used to quantify the risk level of the unified and interconnected electricity market are established. Secondly, evaluation models and a evaluation method of the trading regulatory risk are developed on the basis of synthesis of fuzzy inference and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The fuzzy set approach is employed to identify the membership degree of each index to various risk levels, while the AHP is used to acquire the weights of the proposed trading regulatory risk indices. Finally, a simulation based case study on the trading regulatory risk evaluation is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed indices and the evaluation method.
Research and Application of Static Security Check for Monthly Maintenance Schedule
Authors: Zhang Chuan Cheng , Yan Cui Hui , Dai Sai , Xu Dan , Zhu Yi , Dong Wei
Published: December 2014

Monthly maintenance schedule has an important guiding significance to day ahead maintenance arrangement. However, the current management of monthly maintenance schedule is short of quantitative analysis methods. Consequently it can’t effectively take the security risk that may exist under monthly maintenance schedule. This paper presents a static security checking method for monthly maintenance schedule. First, established the monthly power grid network model based on the realtime model and device state changes, including the commissioning and decommissioning devices and maintenance devices. Next, the month-contract energy was decomposed to every day and every hour, then combined with monthly load forecast and maintenance schedule, the power system typical operation modes were generated automatically. Finally, quantitative assessment of monthly maintenance schedule was completed by power flow calculation, security analysis and evaluation indexes, including load supply adequacy and equivalent generation capacity loss. This method is instructive for monthly maintenance arrangement and its feasibility is proved by practical application.
Research of Demand Response Strategy Simulation and Evaluation Based on Gridlab-d
Authors: Ge Xian Jun , Zhao Li Qiang , Chen Nai Shi , Li Dan
Published: December 2014

This article describes the core architecture and simulation mechanism of Gridlab-d, studied demand response based on gridlab-d, designed simulation case based on IEEE 13 node test feeder including a variety of residential load, simulated different pricing strategy, evaluated the simulation result with specific indicators. This article has certain reference value for simulation based on Gridlab-d. This study demonstrates the significance of demand response for peak load shifting and smooth power fluctuation.
Optimization of Centrifugal Fan Load Regulating in a Commercial CFB Boiler
Authors: Li Jin Jing , Zhao Zhen Ning , Li Zhan Guo , Zhang Qing Feng
Published: December 2014

The performances of centrifugal fans, two primary air fans and two secondary air fans were tested in BECR load and were compared with design parameters. The results show that air fan capacity excesses in practical BECR are 40% and 80%, beyond the design value. An operation optimization test offers the suggestions that keep inlet baffles completely open and regulate air fan loads only by hydraulic couplers. It earns about 20A of the primary air fan di,o, where input voltage is 6000V. The secondary air fan motor di,o changes from 2-27A depending on the fan load. A driver upgrading prediction shows that the primary air fan di,u would have been over 75A, and the primary air fan di,u would have been over 90A, if the hydraulic couplers are substituted for variable-frequency drive.
Fluid-Structure Interaction of Ship Painting Workshop under Radiation Heat Transfer Condition
Authors: Shang Shao Wen , Liu Bing Hong , Guo Guan Wei
Published: December 2014

Ship coating should be at the right temperature and good ventilated environment. Setting reasonable hang radiant panel for the ship spraying workshop, in the form of radiation heating combined with mechanical air supply to achieve suitable temperature and wind speed. Using the CFD method, by the STAR-CCM+ software, we can simulate the radiation heating workshop space and solid piece. It is concluded that the surrounding air velocity distribution, and observe the change of the temperature field, getting the suitable temperature and air velocity distribution for ship hull surface spraying. Then it can improve the quality of coating.
Analysis of Stakeholders’ Behaviors in the Development of China’s Wind Power Industry
Authors: Xu Chang Xin , Lin Jian Ting , Lu Yin
Published: December 2014

Based on the background of structural overcapacity in wind power industry, this paper analyzes the stakeholders’ motivations and behaviors. With game theory, wind power feed-in, tax concessions and other key issues are discussed. Then this paper puts forward some optimal paths from government strategy, determination and allocation price policy and incentive policy, which provide theoretical guidance and practical value to achieve the overall development of wind power industry.
Containing Wind Farm Power System Probabilistic Optimal Power Flow Calculation Using the Method of Combined Cumulants and Gram-Charlier Expansion
Authors: Chen Min Jiang , Chen Yue Qing , Dong Wang Chao , Wu Bei
Published: December 2014

This paper uses the optimal probabilistic load flow method for power containing wind farm analysis. Based on Computation of optimal load flow using the Interior point method ,considering the stochasticlal power output of wind generator and the random outage of synchronous generator and the stochastic of load power, calculating the probability distribution of branch power flow and node voltage. This paper uses RTS-24 as the example to analysis the method ,and comparison the results with that of the Monte-Carlo method, to analysis the change of power system after the grid connected of wind turbine.
Numercial Simulation of a Special Valve in Pneumatic Conveying Pipelines
Authors: Huang Xiao Bin , Zhang Si Yuan , Luo Yu Feng , Zhang Wen Biao
Published: December 2014

A simulation of a new regulating valve designed for pneumatic conveying pipelines is carried out in this paper. This simulation uses SOLIDWORKS to build the valve model ICEM-CFD to generate the mesh, and FLUENT to numerically simulate the fluid field in pipeline under different opening degrees of the valve. The simulation results show that the new regulating valve has good regulation characteristics which can effectively regulate pipe resistance.
Performance Prediction of Mechanical Draft Wet Cooling Tower Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Xu Zhe Tian , Mao Jia Chen , Pan Yi Qun , Huang Zhi Zhong
Published: December 2014

This paper proposed a prediction approach for the performance of the mechanical draft wet cooling tower based on artificial neural network (ANN). The inlet water temperature, the ambient wet bulb temperature and the ratio of water to air mass flow rate in the cooling tower were selected as the input parameters of a four-layer back propagation neural network (BPNN) to predict the temperature of the water at the tower outlet. After the test of the available data set, the BPNN results in a correlation coefficient of 0.9 between the predicted and experimental values. Thus the prediction performance is good and such prediction approach proves to be feasible and effective.
Study on the Influence of Neighbour Room Heat Transfer on the Indoor Thermal Environment in a Heating Room
Authors: Wang Ye , Zou Tong , Hu Wen Ting
Published: December 2014

To obtain the influence of the neighbour room heat transfer on the radiator heat transfer characteristics and indoor thermal environment, a new k-ε model is used to numerically simulate the radiator surface heat transfer ability, indoor velocity field and temperature filed at different neighbour room heat transfer temperature differences. The results indicate that both the radiator surface temperature and the average Nusselt numbers on radiator surface are approximately increasing with the increasing neighbour room heat transfer temperature differences when the indoor average temperature is up to 18°C. At the same neighbour room heat transfer temperature difference, the local heat transfer ability is decreasing gradually from the bottom to the top of the radiator surface. The temperature gradient close to the floor is decreasing with the increasing neighbour room heat transfer temperature difference and the indoor temperature is tending to be more homogeneous. And the velocity gradients close to the ceiling and the internal surface of east wall are higher for the case that the neighbour room heat transfer is considered.
Application of the Self-Adjusting Fuzzy Control in Water System of Central Air-Conditioner for Saving Energy
Authors: Zhang Yuan Yuan , Shen Yu Nong
Published: December 2014

Central air conditioning system with multi variable, nonlinear, time-varying, large time-delay characteristics using the traditional control strategy is difficult to control and good energy saving effect. For these features of central air conditioning system, self-adjustment fuzzy controller is studied based on the fuzzy controller. The simulation can be seen, the self-adjustment fuzzy controller has a faster response speed and smaller steady-state error, while there is a certain adaptive capacity. Its control performance is superior to conventional control strategies and conventional fuzzy controller. Central air-conditioning system uses the parameter self-adjusting fuzzy controller strategy combined with inverter technology. According to load changes, central air conditioning water system can automatically real-timely control the pumps to ensure that the comfort of central air-conditioning provided a significant reduction in energy consumption.
Numerical Simulation of the Odor Spreading in a Factory
Authors: Cui Cheng Xun
Published: December 2014

Liquid crystal displays (LCD’s) are continuously coated with some chemicals in the clean room of a factory. Spreading of these chemicals is causing serious problems both in controlling clean room quality as well as to the workers inside the factory. It is required to alleviate or properly control the offensive odor which is mainly composed of propylene glycol mono ethyl acetate, novolak resin and photo active compound. The control strategy employed is to bleed the offensive odor gas out the cleanroom. A full scale 3D CFD model was created with anisotropic porous media, chemical species transport with no volumetric reaction, and thermal diffusion with propane gas (tracer gas) to simulate the odor spreading. A segregated implicit solver with standard k-ε model is employed. The detailed CFD analysis made it possible to develop an effective method of ventilating the coater room and optimizing their capacities.
Equivalent P-v Model of Wind Farm Based on Measured Data
Authors: Wang Xiao Hai , Pan Xian Xian , Wan Jiang , Qi Jun
Published: December 2014

Accurate model of the wind farm is the basis for the analysis of wind power integrating grid. This paper proposed the equivalent P-v(active power-wind speed) model with K-means algorithm based on the measured operating data. An actual wind farm is adopted to verify the effectiveness of the model. The result of error comparative analysis shows that the accuracy of the model is greatly improved with the method proposed in this paper compared with the traditional model.
Design and Research of Integrated PV and Storage Grid-Connected Generation System
Authors: Qin Xiao Di , Zhou Rong Rong , Xia Lie , Xu Liang Hui
Published: December 2014

Based on practical project and application, the design scheme of small capacity of integrated PV and storage grid-connected generation system is presented in this paper. For demonstrative and experimental purpose in this project, it includes several typical PV modules, tracking system and grid-connected inverters. Entire design scheme covers system integration, grid-connected solution, PV array and bracket, monitoring system, energy storage system, and etc. Configuration and application prospect of energy storage system in grid-connected PV system are mainly introduced. The characteristics of lithium battery and vanadium redox flow battery, as well as their application in the field of distributed power generation are researched.
A Study on the Application of Abandoned Wind Electricity in Thermal Power Plant’s Heat Recovery System
Authors: Xiao Zeng Hong , Hua Xing Lu
Published: December 2014

As wind power integration is scaled up year by year, the problem of abandoned wind electricity has become increasingly severe, and thus caused serious waste of energy. To solve the problem of abandoned wind electricity, this paper tries to heat power plant’s back water in electric boiler to absorb abandoned wind electricity. Taking a thermal power plant for example, the application of electric boiler in backwater system can bring great economic benefits and environmental benefits, and provide a reasonable way and solution for the use of abandoned wind electricity.
A Comparative Study on Long-Term Energy Efficiency of Two Kinds of Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems
Authors: Lei Fei , Hu Ping Fang
Published: December 2014

The energy efficiencies of two kinds of ground-source heat pump systems (GSHPs) are evaluated in this study based on field data. The two kinds of GSHPs are a ground-coupled heat pump system (GCHPs) and a groundwater heat pump system (GWHPs) which were installed in two apartment buildings of wuhan, respectively. We monitored various operating parameters, including the outdoor temperature, the flow rate, the electrical consumption and the water temperature. The values of coefficient of performance (COP) of system and chiller were evaluated based on a series of measurements. The seasonal COP of the chillers of the GCHPs and the GSHPs were 4.45 and 3.94 in the cooling season, 5.07 and 3.69 in the heating season. The comparison of COP implies that the GWHPs is more efficient than the GCHPs due to its steady water temperature of ground source heat exchanger.
Analysis of Nuclear Power Industry’s Sustainable Development in China from the Perspective of Innovation Ecosystem
Authors: Liu Xie Lin , Ma Xue Mei , Qiu Shu Min
Published: December 2014

Power demand of China grows strongly in few decades. Developing nuclear power industry is not only a strategic measure to meet electrical energy demand, but also an inevitable choice to achieve energy conservation and promote green low-carbon development. Innovation Ecosystem theory provides new perspectives and ideas for studying on the sustainable development of nuclear power industry. In this paper, we consider the sustainable development of nuclear power industry would achieve in the Innovation Ecosystem. The characteristic of the nuclear power industry determines that construction and development of nuclear power industry will involve lots of vendors and enterprises, and require all vendors and enterprises that involved make collaborative effort, around the end-user (nuclear power plant) for the design, production and manufacturing, realize win-win finally. Common development and co-evolution of all participants in the nuclear ecosystem is the premise and guarantee of nuclear power industry’s sustainable development.
Development Status and Measures of China’s Photovoltaic Power Industry under the International Background
Authors: Chen Qing Han , Jiang Hao , Lu Kai
Published: December 2014

Solar Photovoltaic Power (PV) has been considered as a significant kind of renewable energy in recent years. Developing PV power will not only optimize the energy structure of China, but also help to keep the development sustainable. The paper compared the development status of China with the developed countries, analyzed the existing problems in industry structure, relevant standards, management mechanisms and independent innovation. In the end, the paper put forward several corresponding measures to develop PV industry.
Hierarchically Porous Carbon/MnO2 Nanocomposites as High-Performance Electrode for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Yu Rong , Liu Jia
Published: December 2014

Hierarchically porous carbon (HPC)/MnO2 nanocomposites were fabricated for asymmetric supercapacitor applications. The microstructures of HPC/MnO2 nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The asymmetric supercapacitor consisting of a HPC/MnO2 cathode and a HPC anode shows an excellent performance with energy density and power density of 23.8 Wh kg-1 and 12.5 kW kg-1, respectively. In addition, the asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits an excellent cycle life with 91% retention of capacitance after 1000 cycles.
Pulverized Coal-Fired Flame Temperature and Emissivity Measurement Based on Spectral Analysis and the Two-Color Method
Authors: Sun Yi Peng
Published: December 2014

A method for judging the gray property of flames based on spectral analysis and the two-color method for determining the temperature and emissivity of flame has been demonstrated. A calibrated spectrometer system was used for the data acquisition of the radiation intensity profile of a flame over a range of wavelengths (200 – 1100 nm). The wavelength range that meets the gray body assumption, in which the emissivity can be assumed as a constant, can be determined from the emissivity profile obtained by spectral analysis and the two-color method. Then the temperature and emissivity of the flame and their relative mean square deviations were calculated within that range. Experiments were conducted on pulverized coal-fired flames in a commercial 300MW boiler furnace. The results show that the coal-fired flame can be assumed as gray body between 500 nm and 1000 nm, and the temperature and emissivity calculation results of coal-fired flames are found to be in reasonable agreement with results using other methods from the literature.
Improvement of Si-Betavoltaic Batteries Technology
Authors: Murashev V.N. , Legotin S.A. , Didenko S.I. , Rabinovich Oleg , Krasnov A.A. , Urchuk S.U.
Published: December 2014

One of the valuable problems of modern science and technology is to create a low-power (less than 1 mW), long-life (10-100 years) miniature sources of electric power based on the conversion of radioactive isotopes of energy into electricity. Such batteries can be used directly, for example, in cardiology, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), in military equipment and power sharing systems for many applications. Among isotopes to create energy sources particular interest is nickel Ni63, as it is safe for human health and thus in the development of electric batteries based on it devoted a lot of work. This article discusses the main types of structures betavoltaic battery (BVB) with the prospects for industrial application using - isotope of nickel Ni63. It is shown that the efficiency of beta radiation conversion of into electricity and the dimensions of the existing batteries are far from the theoretically possible. It is shown that the prospects for improving the effective efficiency are planar multijunction betavoltaic batteries.
Performance InGaN and AlGaInP LED Characteristic Dependence on Quantum Wells
Authors: Rabinovich Oleg , Didenko Sergey , Legotin Sergey
Published: December 2014

The simulation of multicomponent nanoheterostructures (MNH) InGaN for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was made. The results are presented in graphs, for example, the current-voltage characteristics, the dependence of the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) on the number of quantum wells (QW) and spectral characteristics. The optimal structure of the MNH and the influence of the inhomogeneous distribution of In atoms in the quantum-well region is investigated.
An Investigation on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance Influenced by Radiant Intensity and Illuminated Area in Concentrating Photovoltaic System
Authors: Xiao Wen Bo , Dai Jin , Tu Guo Hua , Wu Hua Ming
Published: December 2014

The dye-sensitized solar cell performances influenced by radiant intensity and illuminated area in concentrating photovoltaic system are investigated experimentally and discussed theoretically. The results show that, under the same irradiated cells area, the short-circuit current is linearly increasing with the radiant intensity and the open-circuit voltage follows a logarithmic function of the radiant intensity. And, it is turned out that the short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage are obviously enhanced by increasing the illuminated cells surface area at the same radiant intensity. However, that growth trends will decline with an increase of the illuminated area. The reason is more defects involved in the process of increasing illumination area. All results can be interpreted using an equivalent circuit of a single diode model. A good agreement can be observed from the fitting curves. It is of great significance for current photovoltaic research.
A Multi-Dimensional Method for Nodal Load Forecasting
Authors: Pan Zhi Yuan , Liu Chao Nan , Wang Jing , Wang Yong
Published: December 2014

The intelligent dispatch and control of future smart grid demands grasping of any nodal load pattern in the general great grid, therefore to realize the load forecasting of any nodal load is quite important. To solve this problem, focusing on overcoming the weakness of isolated nodal load forecasting and based on the correlation analysis, this paper proposes a multi-dimensional nodal load forecast system and corresponding method for effective prediction of any nodal load of the grid. This system includes topology partitioning of the grid energy flow according to layers and regions, basic forecasting unit composed of each layer’s total amount of load and its nodal loads, and combination forecasting for any node. The forecasting method is based on techniques including the multi-output least square support vector machine, Kalman filtering and the approximate optimal prediction. A case study shows that the multi-dimensional nodal load forecasting model helps to improve the forecasting accuracy, and has practical prospects.
Application of Power Quality Disturbance Location Based on MUDW
Authors: Zhang Hong , Lei Zhi Guo , Guo Yan Chun , Pian Zhao Yu
Published: December 2014

It is the random and irregular and variable properties of disturbance signal in the detection of power quality, there is lack of mature methods for detection and location of PQ disturbances. An improved morphological undecimated wavelet scheme was presented in this paper and applied to the detection of power quality disturbance. The improved MUDW scheme, which meets signal reconstruction conditions, contains broad open-close or close-open filter and morphological gradient which detect mutations on the top and bottom edges of signal. It used MATLB to detect transient or steady state with single or composite disturbance signals and made comparison with the existing form of sampling wavelet. The result shows that the new MUDW scheme can recognize and detect the signal and has a good anti-noise performance.
Design of the Architecture of Power Grid’s Device Monitoring System
Authors: Zhang Long , Zhang Yong Gang , Wu Yi , Zhuang Wei Jin , Zhao Jia Qing , Wang Guo Peng
Published: December 2014

Under the Large Operation mode of State Grid of china, the concentrated monitoring work on power devices is facing some serious problems and challenges. They are, monitoring information is not well structured, the amount of alarm information is quite huge and automatic fault diagnosis function is not smart enough. To handle these problems, this paper carried out comprehensive research on device monitoring oriented application system architecture, and proposed an overall solution on solving device monitoring problems from both substation and main stations. The realization of key modules of this architecture could greatly optimize the device monitoring oriented application system, and guide the incoming construction work on power dispatching and monitoring integration system.
Fault Location Method Based on Transient Frequency in Non-Effectively Grounded Distribution Network
Authors: Zhang Lin Li , Li Li Sheng , Sun Yong
Published: December 2014

In order to solve the fault location problem of single phase to-earth fault in non-effectively grounded distribution network, a new fault location method based on transient frequency of zero-mode current was presented. The difference of transient frequency of zero-mode current between detecting points before and after the fault point is analyzed. This method is realized by the distribution automation (DA) system and does not require additional equipment. The zero-mode current is detected and the frequency of its transient component is calculated by the feeder terminal unit (FTU). The fault section can be located by master station according to comparing the transient frequency at different detecting point on the fault feeder. Results of digital simulation demonstrated the accuracy and feasibility of this method.
Reactive Power Optimization for Distribution Network with Distributed Generators Based on Semi-Definite Programming
Authors: Dong Lei , Tian Ai Zhong , Pu Tian Jiao , Fan Zheng , Yu Ting
Published: December 2014

Reactive power optimization for distribution network with distributed generators is a complicated nonconvex nonlinear mixed integer programming problem. This paper built a mathematical model of reactive power optimization for distribution network and a new method to solve this problem was proposed based on semi-definite programming. The original mathematical model was transformed and relaxed into a convex SDP model, to guarantee the global optimal solution within the polynomial times. Then the model was extended to a mixed integer semi-definite programming model with discrete variables when considering discrete compensation equipment such as capacitor banks. Global optimal solution of this model can be obtained by cutting plane method and branch and bound method. Numerical tests on the modified IEEE 33-bus system show this method is exact and can be solved efficiently.
Study and Application of Integrated Online Check of the Counties
Authors: Qiu Yu Tao , Zheng Jian Zi , Wang Yi , Hu Tie Jun , Dong Yi , Li Xue Dong
Published: December 2014

In order to make the relay protection setting value online checking work more scientific and perfect, this paper studies the integration of county of relay protection setting value online verification scheme based on. Firstly, the county to achieve the integration constant value on-line check the general introduction, focuses on the display data acquisition and the checking calculation; then the county integration interface setting strategy of online check, describes the intelligent interface of intelligent don't know County, interface verification principle and interface design check the principle of selection; finally summing junction surface setting technique of on-line verification.
The Theoretical Line Loss Calculation Software of Graphical Distribution Network Based on the Secondary Development of Visio
Authors: Liu Xiao Hui , Yan Hai Ou , He He , Ma Lin , Cheng Yu , Li Jun Hua , Shi Yun Song , Wang Yu Jiang , Li Na
Published: December 2014

A new development technique or method of graphical distribution network theoretical loss calculation software which based on Visio is presented in this paper. The software not only uses the graphical functions of Visio, but also fundamentally overcome the serious shortage of the Microsoft Visio VBA, it makes the drawing program in power system application software from the traditional VBA model to the embedded mode, and it can achieve the real time control of graphical distribution network theoretical loss calculation software. The study and applications show that this technical innovation gives a new effective approach for the development of graphical power system application software.
Penetration Capacity Analysis of Distributed Generation Considering Overcurrent Relay Protection and Flux-Coupling Type FCL
Authors: Sun Peng , Luo Ming Wu , Sun Zhao Xia , Liu Tian Ci , Deng Chang Hong , Chen Lei , Pan Hao , Zheng Feng
Published: December 2014

In light of the rapid development of the electric power grid, the integrated application of distributed generation (DG) units can be considered as a key driver. Nevertheless, along with large number of DG units are connected into a distribution network, maybe different kinds of effects are accordingly induced. In particular, regarding the configured relay protection, its selectivity and sensitivity may be affected. In this paper, the penetration capacity analysis of DG considering overcurrent relay protection and flux-coupling type FCL is conducted. Under different fault conditions, the theoretical impacts of introducing DG on the fault current are investigated, and a flux-coupling type FCL is suggested to limit the fault current and potentially enhance the DG’s access capacity. Furthermore, the detailed simulation model of a typical distribution network integrated with the DG and FCL is created. From the simulation results, the employment of the FCL can effectively reduce the fault current’s negative influence on the DG, and improve the DG’s access capacity to a certain extent.
Risk Assessment of Substation Main Connection Based on LCC Management
Authors: Xu Yan , Cheng Chi , Ping Han
Published: December 2014

Life-cycle cost management is the foundation and techniques for life-cycle cost management. Petri nets has a graphical expression, can improve and add more features and information to Fault tree analysis, Markov equations and so on, raising the speed and accuracy of the entire system of risk assessment. The paper propose a risk assessment based on the life-cycle management approach, establish four state model to analysis transformer substation main wiring operation, discuss elements occurring planned maintenance events and breaker tripping phenomenon, and propose using the basic equations of Petri nets to determine system status and calculate the corresponding probabilities, quantitative analysis of the outage costs of the substation main connection off for running, and seek the best value under the run. In the example discussing and calculating the risk indicators of outage costs for different wiring schemes, the results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
System Transient Stability with Distributed Generation
Authors: Chechushkov Dmitrii
Published: December 2014

The paper represents a research of transient stability accessing of power system and distributed generation sources. The methodology of modeling is presented. The analysis of transient stability of DG sources is presented and shows the impact of DG on transient system stability.
A Simulated Study on the Effect of Acuatic Vegetation on Distibution of Metals under Hydtrodynamic Disturbance
Authors: Qiao Xu , Wang Pei Fang , Qian Jin , Hou Jun
Published: December 2014

Heavy metal stored in the sediment of shaollow lake will be released into water bodies when sediment resuspension occurs, causing secondary pollution. This study was conducted to probe the distribution and transportation of Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb among overlying water, pore water, SS and vegetation in 30d using three annular flumes. Iris pseudacorus L was planted in two flumes at the wind speed of 8.7m/s,6.5m/s respectively. Another flume was designed as a control at the wind of 8.7m/s under the condition of no plants. The results reavaled Iris pseudacorus L had strong enrichment on heavy metals. Total heavy metal (Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb) concentrations in sediment slightly decreased. The diffusion of metals in pore water showed greatly downward and the concentration in SS decreased with fluctuation with the increasing contents of dissolved metals in overlying water. Correspondingly, plants also appeared a gradual upward trend. The results of the study may work as a foundation for the phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution in shallow lake.
A Review on Major Types of Bamboo Communities in China
Authors: Liu Wei Yi , Hui Chao Mao , Shi Ming , Deng Jia Wen
Published: December 2014

China was extremely rich in bamboo resources, many species were selected as representatives of the genus or the genus itself may serve as the type for classification, such as the formations of Dendrocalamus membranaceus.The paper summarized that major types in China were cool temperate bamboo forest, warm temperate bamboo forests and hot bamboo forests. The most common and typical types with high economic value had been included, which were Phyllostachys edulis, Fargesia spp, Neosinocalamus affinis, Dendrocalamus membranaceus.
Breeding Forage Crop Meets the Needs of a Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Zhang Hong Dao , Chen Ping , Zhang Jing , Gao Ji Di , Li Ji Lin , Zhang Yan Ming
Published: December 2014

Sustainable agricultural systems tend to have a positive effect on natural, social and human capital, while unsustainable ones feedback to deplete these assets, leaving fewer for future generations. Forage crop are critical to sustainable agriculture and contribute extensively to the world economy. Tremendous progress has been made in genetic transformation of forage and turf grasses in the past decade. The rapida dvancement of cellular and molecular biology and transgenic technology provides novel methods to accelerate and complement conventional breeding efforts. This review summarizes the latest advances of breeding forage crop and introduces the development of sustainable agriculture as well as perspectives the important role of breeding forage crop in development of sustainable agriculture in the future.
Investigation and Analysis on Vegetation Characteristics of Roadside Slopes in Zigui County of Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors: Yin Wei , Zhu Dun , Lei Jun Shan
Published: December 2014

According to the investigation on the vegetation characteristics of roadside slopes in Zigui County of Three Gorges Reservoir area, there were total 51 species of plant found, belonging to 17 families and 43 genera, among which herbs and shrubs are dominant plants. Most species of plants were belonging to Gramineae (6 species), Asteraceae (4 species), Leguminesae (4 species) and Rosaceae (3 species), and 11 relatively stable plant communities were found. The vegetation on the investigated roadside slope is distributed in spot piece and scattered mainly with fewer species of plant, with lower species diversity. The diversity index and the evenness index of every plant community were calculated and the summed dominance ratio of every plant was analyzed to find out dominant species in each of the communities. The formation and succession of these communities, species were enriched and diversity increased, which is good for the vegetation restoration on the roadside slope.
Research on Ecological Function Regionalization Based on the Ecological Service Function - Take Shenzhen River and Xinzhou River Estuarine Wetland for Example
Authors: Lei Jun Shan , Yin Wei , Zhu Dun
Published: December 2014

The fundamental principles and methods of ecological function regionalization were defined in this paper based on field investigation in the estuarine wetland of Shenzhen River and Xinzhou River. The regionalization scope of the two rivers estuary wetland was delineated, and the main ecological service functions, such as climate regulation, water purification, material production, biodiversity conservation, wildlife habitats, education, recreation and tourism etc., were analyzed and summarized in accordance with the integrity of the eco-system and the administrative divisions status quo. According to the proposed regionalization principles and methods, the two rivers estuary wetland was divided into 6 ecological function units combined with its service functions and distribution characteristics, which were urban construction control area, terrestrial forest ecological belt, futian national mangrove reserves, mangrove restoration area, off-shore tidal flat reservation and estuary waters comprehensive treatment area. For each ecological function units, the leading service functions, Status quo and existing problems were elaborated, the ecological protection, repairation and restoration directions were pointed out, and the strengthening measures of ecological service function were put forward.
Effects of Phosphorus Stress on Photosynthetic Pigments in Sagittaria sagittifolia
Authors: He Qing Qing , Liu Zhou Li , Chen Wei , Hao Lin , Qin Jiao Jiao , Zhang Qing , Meng Chuang , He Xing Yuan
Published: December 2014

The photosynthetic pigments of Sagittaria sagittifolia, including total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content and carotenoid content, were investigated after 0, 7, 14 and 21 d exposure to 3 mg L-1 P. After 7 d P-exposure, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll b content increased significantly compared with the control, and then decreased with time extended. Carotenoid content increased significantly after 14 d P-exposure compared with the control, and then decreased slightly after 21 d P-exposure.
Analysis of Observed and DNDC Modeled Soil Respiration of Winter Wheat in Guanzhong Plain
Authors: Zhang Xiao Long , Yang Xue , Tian Kai Di , Shen Bing , Quan Quan
Published: December 2014

The application of the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model in soil respiration of winter wheat at the Ecological Experimental Station of Fuping County, China is researched for the year 2013-2014. The applied results indicate that DNDC is available to research soil respiration in cropland agroecosystems of Guanzhong Plain, China. Also the cumulative and seasonal variation emissions of soil respiration and components (root respiration, soil heterotrophic respiration) are estimated. Based on the simulated results, it can be seen that a significant variation appears in winter wheat growing season, where a downward trend starts from planting season to wintering season, and a steady low level at about 8.3 kg C·hm-2·d-1 keeps until the overwintering, then a significant upward to harvest, where the top point is almost 101.84 kg C·hm-2·d-1, with the total amount is 8342.35 kg C·hm-2. The seasonal amount of root respiration is 5345.47 kg C·hm-2, occupies 61.1% of soil respiration emissions.
Analysis of Influencing Factor on Green Building’s Incremental Cost
Authors: Wu Xin , Li Xue Jun , Lu Jun , Yang Liu
Published: December 2014

Recently the potential development of green architecture in our country is huge, but inaccurate control of green building’s incremental cost is the key reason for restricting its development. After analyzing influencing factors of green building’s incremental cost, four influencing factors are put forward:technical measures, project regions,fixed position and time to research feasibility. On basis of the factors, the ways are proposed to reduce green building’s incremental cost, which provides theoretical basis for the development of green architecture.
Optimization and Modelling of Denitrification and Methanogenic Activity in Start up of Mixotrophic Anammox Reactor
Authors: Shu Dun Tao , He Yan Ling , Wang Qing Yi , Li Wang
Published: December 2014

In the present study, the SDA (specific denitrification activity) and SMA (specific methanogenic activity) in Start up of mixotrophic anammox reactor was optimized by applying the response surface method (RSM). The purpose of this work was to find the optimal combination of C/N ratio, influent ammonium (NH4+-N) and volatile suspended solid (VSS) with respect to minmum the SDA and SMA. Based on the RSM results, the quadratic model developed for the responses indicated that optimal conditions were C/N ratio of 0.5, influent NH4+-N content of 200mg L-1, and VSS content of 59.31g L-1. Under this conditions, the SDA and SMA were minimize and found to be 0.05 mmol N2 (g VSS d)-1, 0.017 mmol N2 (g VSS d)-1, respectively
AHP-Based Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation for Urbanization of Mountainous Area in Xianning
Authors: Han Fei
Published: December 2014

With the rapid development of China's economy, an unprecedented breakthrough is also achieved in the urbanization construction speed. This paper first introduces the principle of method for evaluation of urbanization, then selects the indicator system of urbanization in Xianning mountain, and builds up a set of indicator system for evaluation of urbanization in mountainous area in Xianning with AHP, conducts a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of urbanization of mountainous area in Xianning; finally, the evaluation result is analyzed.
Economic Growth Factor Detection of National-Level Economic and Technological Development Zones in China
Authors: Ding Yue , Cai Jian Ming , Yang Zheng Shan
Published: December 2014

The economic growth of National level Economic and Technological Development Zones (NETDZs) affects the sustainable development of NETDZs and their host cities a lot in China. Determinants and mechanism of NETDZs’ economic growth in 2010 is detected by geographical detector. There is a U-shaped spatial pattern by NETDZs’ economic growth rates among the Eastern, Central and Western China. The result of factor detection showed that the top 5 determinants of NETDZs’ economic growth are regionally different in China. External factors are more powerful in Eastern China, while internal factors of NETEZs dominate the economic growth of NETDZs more in Central and Western China. Besides revealing determinants, these results show two universal policy mistakes: blindly lowing land price and encouraging high technology industry, which are proved not effective in prompting the development of NETDZs, but inducing serious problems. Therefore, NETDZs’ economic growth policies should be made and adjusted following the regional determinants and mechanism in different regions and development stages, what’s more, policy mistakes reflected by factor detection should be avoided as well.
The Research of Green Ecological Wisdom City Construction - Taking Nanjing as an Example
Authors: Li Ming Hui , Ni Hong
Published: December 2014

The urbanization rate of Nanjing is at the forefront of the country. According to the objectives and requirements of Nanjing to build a modern, international, humanistic green city.Firstly, this paper analyzed the connotation and the basic conditions of green ecological wisdom of Nanjing. Then it proposed the idea , objectives, principles and path of green ecological wisdom city construction of Nanjing. And highlighting the top-level design, building the green ecological environment, focusing on mechanism innovation to promote the city construction reasonably, strengthening the technical innovation to promote the interactive construction of city, promoting the industrial and construction of urban interaction were also proposed .It was needed to promote public goods , focus on public service platform, innovate governance model and build double-acting system with markets and government.
Analysis of Sequential Characteristic of Coupling Coordination Degree between Urbanization and Resources-Environment in Hubei Province
Authors: Song Cheng Shun , Chen Zhi , Zhai Wen Xia
Published: December 2014

Urbanization and resources-environment are two subsystems in the socio-economic development system which interact and affect each other, so it has become an urgent need to coordinate them and identify the coupling laws between them. This paper took Hubei Province as an example, built comprehensive evaluation index systems for the urbanization and resource-environment. Then, utilized the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) to calculate the weights of indexes, and estimated the comprehensive index of urbanization and resources-environment of Hubei Province during 1996-2010. The coupling degree model and coupling coordination degree model were used to calculate the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of the comprehensive index of urbanization, resources-environment of Hubei Province during 1996-2010. Further analyzed the coupling relationship and coordination extent of these two subsystems, analyzed the timing characteristics and reasons of its coupling coordination, discussed the regularity of the mutual influence and interactions between urbanization and resources-environment in Hubei province. This will provide a theoretical reference for the urban development and management, sustainable development of resources-environment, construction of “two-oriented” society in Hubei Province.
Evaluating Cultural Routes for a Network of Competitive Cities in the Mediterranean Sea: The Eastern Monasticism in Western Mediterranean Area
Authors: Calabrò Francesco , Campolo Daniele , Cassalia Giuseppina , Tramontana Carmela
Published: December 2014

Calabria region (Southern Italy) has become the nerve center of historical events, decisive for the Mediterranean sea destiny, because of its geographical position, its centrality in the Mediterranean area, the peculiarities of the district and the wealth of natural resources. The effects of its role in the Mediterranean history are still visible in its natural, urban and social structure, thus giving the region a large number of cultural and environmental values, which find root in the three preceding millennia. The paper, starting from the most historic routes that have affected the Calabrian coast, aims to highlight the one that has the greatest impact on the culture of the region trying to figure out if it is possible to identify, protect and promote a cultural route according to the ICOMOS Charter of Cultural Routes criteria, devised by the ICOMOS’ international Scientific Committee of Cultural Routes (CIIC) and ratified by the 16th General Assembly of ICOMOS, in Quebec (Canada), October 4, 2008.
The Study on the Scale of the Specialized Residential Area for Aged People in China
Authors: Zu Qi , Tian Ye , Liu Wan Di
Published: December 2014

This paper aims to discuss what is the suitable scale of the specialized residential area for aged people. We used the method of combining the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, carded and compared the dates of the cognition and communication for the aged people, the walking range for the aged people, the walking range for pension service facilities, property management and relevant standards one by one, got the reasonable scale from two terms that is population scale and land scale. The optimum scale of the specialized residential area for aged people is population scale between 1000 to 2500 people and land area between 4.96 to 12.65 hectares. This data will play a guiding role for the construction and design of the specialized residential area for aged people in the future, and also will provide a reference for the planning and design of old settlements in urban planning.
Some Application Researches on the Performance Evaluation of Manufacturing Supply Chain Collaboration
Authors: Wang Lan Yi , Wang Tao Ye
Published: December 2014

On the basis of analyzing the performance evaluation research of supply chain collaboration and following the level principle of modeling and the construction principles of it, the paper build the index system for manufacturing supply chain collaboration performance evaluation combined with the four necessary links involved of it, namely, logistics, the flow of funds, information flow and market stream. And the synthesized evaluation of it is discussed by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. And then, taking a typical electronic product manufacturing supply chain as an example for the empirical analysis, some beneficial conclusions and relevant guidance advices have been put forward. Hoping it can provide a theoretical basis and valuable references for carrying out the supply chain collaboration in our manufacturing enterprises.