bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing early readers: Patterns in introducing critical reading skills and strategies to South African children
Authors: Combrinck Celeste , Van staden Surette , Roux Karen
Published: November 2014

This study draws on the preProgress in International Reading Literacy Study (prePIRLS) 2011 data. It aims to illustrate the effect of early home literacy activities and the early introduction of reading skills and strategies in the school setting on reading literacy achievement amongst South African Grade 4 learners across the 11 official languages. South African learner performance is consistently poor across a variety of international assessment programmes. The prePIRLS 2011 study results place South African Grade 4 learners’ results substantially below the international centre point of 500 at 461 (SE = 3.7). As part of the reading achievement assessment, prePIRLS 2011 gathered background information in the form of learner, parent, teacher and school questionnaires. This study investigates two aspects as reported by parents and school principals of Grade 4 learners: firstly, parents of Grade 4 learners reported in the Learning to Read survey (or Parent Questionnaire) on the frequency with which early home literacy activities were conducted in the home before the learner commenced schooling. Secondly, principals of learners reported on the grade level (from Grade 1 to Grade 4 and beyond) at which a number of critical reading skills and strategies were introduced to learners. Fourteen such skills are identified, ranging from basic skills to skills with increased complexity. This study links the frequency of early home literacy activities, as reported by Grade 4 learners’ parents, and the introduction of the 14 reading skills, as reported by school principals, to learner achievement scores in the prePIRLS 2011 assessment.
Comparison of the relative renal function calculated with 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid in children
Authors: Çelik Tanju , Yalçin Hülya , Günay Emel , Özen Aynur , Özer Cahit
Published: November 2014

The aim was to compare the relative renal functions measured with technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) and technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) in children with renal diseases. Relative renal function of 128 children who applied to three hospitals from 2009 to 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. The mean value measured with 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-DMSA were 51.58 ± 14.95 and 51.96 ± 14.99 for the right kidney, 47.87 ± 15.27 and 47.94 ± 15.17 for the left kidney, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the relative renal functions (r = 0.963, P < 0.001). In Bland-Altman plots, the mean difference between two methods was 0.7 and the correlation limits were between 10.1 and-10.8. As a result, although 99mTc-DMSA is accepted as the most reliable method for the determination of relative renal function, 99mTc-DTPA can be another choice for the calculation of relative renal function without a complementary DMSA scan particularly in pediatric patients who require renogram curve and GFR calculations.
Efficacy of Amino Acids, Vitamins, Minerals, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Galactagogue Combination on Lactation: A Postmarketing Surveillance Study
Authors: Mehta Ami
Published: November 2014

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy mothers in galactagogue + vitamins + aminoacids in postpartum mothers in terms of quantitative improvement of mothers in milk, patient satisfaction and compliance and overall growth of infant due to addition of nutritive value after 30 days of treatment.

Study

A multicentric, noncomparative study was conducted on 1132 patients spread across the country. This study included mothers with inadequate or no breast milk at the time of delivery; and also mothers who had preterm delivery, associated with inadequate milk production. The patients were advised 30 gm of lactancia powder (galactagogue + vitamins + minerals) twice daily along with lukewarm water or milk for at least a month to assess the efficacy and tolerability. The patient's history, mode of delivery and weight of infant were recorded at baseline and the parameters like quantitative improvement in milk, infant growth, patient satisfaction and patient compliance were examined after 3, 5, 7 and 30 days of treatment.

Results

Ninety percent patients had a good improvement and 45% patients with an excellent improvement in lactation after 3 to 5 days of treatment. Among the mothers who had delivered through C-section, it was noted that 223 (46%) mothers had an excellent improvement in lactation following administration of studied formulation, while 229 (47%) mothers had a good improvement. In the LBW infants, the mean weight had increased from 2.29 to 3.04 kg, while in the VLBW, the mean weight increased from 1.41 to 2.3 kg.

Conclusion

Due to changing life style and increased prevalence of mothers IMS, or low/inadequate milk secretion, C-section operative cases, preterm delivery cases can be benefited with studied formulation.

How to cite this article

Mehta A. Efficacy of Amino Acids, Vitamins, Minerals, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Galactagogue Combination on Lactation: A Postmarketing Surveillance Study. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):118-122.
Perforation of Bicuspid Aortic Valve mimicking Trileaflet Aortic Valve on Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Pal Soumendu
Published: November 2014

Endocarditis of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) can lead to valve perforation and result in severe aortic incompetence. Perforation of valve cusps should be considered in the differential diagnosis of BAV patients presenting with AR, and the condition should not be mistaken as a regurgitant trileaflet AV on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Accurate preoperative characterization of the mechanism of aortic regurgitation by TEE is important for determining the type of surgical repair.

How to cite this article

Pal S. Perforation of Bicuspid Aortic Valve mimicking Trileaflet Aortic Valve on Transesophageal Echocardiography. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2014;2(2):77-79.
Links between CO2, glaciation and water flow: reconciling the Cenozoic history of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Ladant J.-B. , Donnadieu Y. , Dumas C.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The timing of the onset of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is a crucial event of the Cenozoic because of its cooling and isolating effect over Antarctica. It is intimately related to the glaciations occurring throughout the Cenozoic from the Eocene–Oligocene (EO) transition (≈ 34 Ma) to the middle Miocene glaciations (≈ 13.9 Ma). However, the exact timing of the onset remains debated, with evidence for a late Eocene setup contradicting other data pointing to an occurrence closer to the Oligocene–Miocene (OM) boundary. In this study, we show the potential impact of the Antarctic ice sheet on the initiation of a strong proto-ACC at the EO boundary. Our results reveal that the regional cooling effect of the ice sheet increases sea ice formation, which disrupts the meridional density gradient in the Southern Ocean and leads to the onset of a circumpolar current and its progressive strengthening. We also suggest that subsequent variations in atmospheric CO2, ice sheet volumes and tectonic reorganizations may have affected the ACC intensity after the Eocene–Oligocene transition. This allows us to build a hypothesis for the Cenozoic evolution of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that may provide an explanation for the second initiation of the ACC at the Oligocene–Miocene boundary while reconciling evidence supporting both early Oligocene and early Miocene onset of the ACC.
Climate change and wetland loss impacts on a western river's water quality
Authors: Records R. M. , Arabi M. , Fassnacht S. R. , Duffy W. G. , Ahmadi M. , Hegewisch K. C.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. An understanding of potential stream water quality conditions under future climate is critical for the sustainability of ecosystems and the protection of human health. Changes in wetland water balance under projected climate could alter wetland extent or cause wetland loss (e.g., via increased evapotranspiration and lower growing season flows leading to reduced riparian wetland inundation) or altered land use patterns. This study assessed the potential climate-induced changes to in-stream sediment and nutrient loads in the snowmelt-dominated Sprague River, Oregon, western US. Additionally, potential water quality impacts of combined changes in wetland water balance and wetland area under future climatic conditions were evaluated. The study utilized the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) forced with statistical downscaling of general circulation model (GCM) data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) using the Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (MACA) method. Our findings suggest that, in the Sprague River, (1) mid-21st century nutrient and sediment loads could increase significantly during the high-flow season under warmer, wetter climate projections or could change only nominally in a warmer and somewhat drier future; (2) although water quality conditions under some future climate scenarios and no wetland loss may be similar to the past, the combined impact of climate change and wetland losses on nutrient loads could be large; (3) increases in stream total phosphorus (TP) concentration with wetland loss under future climate scenarios would be greatest at high-magnitude, low-probability flows; and (4) loss of riparian wetlands in both headwaters and lowlands could increase outlet TP loads to a similar degree, but this could be due to distinctly different mechanisms in different parts of the watershed.
Global Finite-Time Stabilization for Nonholonomic Mobile Robots Based on Visual Servoing
Authors: Chen Hua , Ding Shihong , Chen Xi , Wang Lihua , Zhu Changping , Chen Wen
Published: November 2014

In this paper, the global finite-time stabilization problem is considered for nonholonomic mobile robots based on visual servoing with uncalibrated visual parameters, control direction and unmatched external disturbances. Firstly, the simple dynamic chained-form systems is obtained by using a state and input transformation of the kinematic robot systems. Secondly, a new discontinuous switching controller is presented in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances, it is rigorously proved that the corresponding closed-loop system can be stabilized to the origin equilibrium point in a finite time. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control design approach.
A formação de Licenciados em Ciências Agrícolas/Agrárias: o conhecimento e suas conexões
Authors: Moraes Marco Antonio de
Published: November 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644413683Este trabalho visa identificar os perfis de formação dos licenciados de Ciências Agrícolas/Agrárias e os objetivos dos cursos que formam estes profissionais no Brasil. Neste estudo exploratório, os dados foram coletados através da Internet no site do MEC e das Instituições de Ensino Superior. O perfil geralmente proposto na formação do professor em Ciências Agrícolas/Agrícolas é amplo, com atuação em diferentes campos das Ciências Agrárias com finalidades econômicas, mas com atenção às questões sócio-políticas e culturais presentes no meio rural brasileiro. Percebe-se a intenção de formar licenciados que atendam alguns aspectos ou demandas regionais e que estejam preparados para as questões da atualidade. Destaca-se a preocupação com o desenvolvimento de algumas competências importantes na formação do profissional que irá atuar na educação escolar.
Performance e Educação: uma função-educador agenciada por intervenções no urbano.
Authors: Bom Tempo Juliana Soares
Published: November 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644414183Propomos pensar a arte da performance e a educação como analisadores de práticas cotidianas. Utilizamos um processo performático intitulado Cariogamia e o risco do aborto, em duas intervenções urbanas: Campinas (SP) e São Paulo (SP) em 2012 e 2013. Tais performances atuaram em uma função-educador com potências mobilizadoras do cotidiano enquanto modos de vida pré-estabelecidos. A educação e a performance possuem aproximações ao se configurarem como práticas de experimentações vinculadas ao tempo presente e ao inesperado que produzem variações em signos pré-definidos pela cultura. Os processos de subjetivações trazem a urgência de abrirem-se, nesse plano de risco, ao novo e à invenção.
Resiliência educacional e construção do conhecimento
Authors: Sousa Carolina Silva , Guerreiro António
Published: November 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644414343O artigo debruça-se sobre a resiliência académica, com ênfase na construção progressiva da comunicação matemática, em aulas dos primeiros anos de escolaridade, em Portugal, em resultado dos processos de interação social entre os alunos e entre estes e o professor. Trata-se de uma  dinâmica educativa que resultou numa crescente valorização e reconhecimento dos conhecimentos matemáticos dos alunos, num contexto comunicativo com uma abordagem reflexiva e instrutiva, enquadrando-se no papel primordial de novas formas de aprendizagem e de novas estratégias, bem como do aumento e fortalecimento de competência na resolução de problemas. Neste enquadramento, os investigadores, partindo dos relacionamentos interpessoais, da empatia, das competências sociais e do senso de pertença a um grupo na interface com a resiliência social e a emocional, destacam a importância das experiências positivas ao gerarem sentimentos de autoeficácia, de autoestima e de sucesso académico, por parte de alunos e de professores, contribuindo para os ajudar a saberem  lidar com as mudanças e com as adaptações a novas situações de aprendizagem, em que o fator comunicacional é da maior relevância.
A poética e a política da prática
Authors: Kisliuk Michelle
Published: November 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644414780O presente ensaio, de caráter etnográfico, discorre sobre a relação entre poética e política na performance; parte do pressuposto que as artes ativistas, tais como a música e a dança podem constituir, junto à escolarização, a base política, intelectual e estética de uma dada comunidade.  Tais práticas, contudo, apresentam-se como sendo de risco. O texto realiza, ainda, uma tentativa de aproximação entre tais práticas – no que se refere à sua função e consequências - no contexto de uma comunidade africana e em instituições de ensino superior nos Estados Unidos. A escrita interativa e performativa pretende, ao fim e ao cabo, materializar um intercâmbio entre pesquisador de campo e as pessoas com quem trabalha, como também, representar e evocar o material e as ideias de que trata a pesquisadora.
Évolution des notes scolaires entre le collège et le lycée
Authors: Chartier Philippe
Published: November 2014

Une représentation fréquente semble exister concernant l’existence d’une baisse « automatique » des notes entre la classe de 3eet la classe de 2e. Mais qu’en estil réellement ? Nous avons mené une recherche sur ce point à partir d’un échantillon de 494 élèves. Les résultats montrent qu’il existe effectivement une baisse moyenne importante, de l’ordre de deux points sur notre échantillon, mais celle-ci est variable selon les disciplines scolaires et selon les élèves. L’importance de cette baisse, et sa variabilité, peuvent nous amener à nous interroger sur le degré de cohérence entre les pratiques évaluatives (et pédagogiques) des enseignants de ces deux niveaux scolaires.
Evaluation des apprentissages dans le contexte québécois
Authors: Bélair Louise M. , Dionne Éric
Published: November 2014

Cet article présente une analyse de l’application des décisions politiques en salle de classe au Québec concernant les questions liées à l’évaluation des apprentissages. Pour ce faire, nous avons examiné, d’un point de vue historique et conceptuel, les politiques d’évaluation des apprentissages en vigueur au Québec au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années. Par la suite, nous nous sommes intéressés aux retombées de ces dernières en salle de classe au secondaire en mettant l’accent sur l’évaluation dans un contexte à enjeux élevés. Nos conclusions tentent de démontrer que le transfert entre le « politique » et le « pédagogique » se réalise difficilement.
The versatility of generalizability theory as a tool for exploring and controlling measurement error
Authors: Johnson Sandra
Published: November 2014

Measurement error arises from many sources in educational assessment. It is important to estimate the importance of this error, and, if appropriate, to seek ways to reduce it. Generalizability theory represents a powerful tool in this sense, allowing identifiable error contributions to be separately quantified, and measurement error to be estimated and even predicted in response to possible changes in the measurement procedure. The paper offers examples of generalizability analysis of numeracy attainment data deriving from the Scottish Survey of Achievement, with the aim of illustrating the versatility of the methodology for error estimation and prediction in this type of sample-based programme.
Indice du statut socioéconomique du milieu familial des élèves du SACMEQ
Authors: Dolata Stéphanie
Published: November 2014

Cet article présente la construction de l’échelle SSE-SACMEQ comme une mesure du statut socioéconomique (SSE) du milieu familial des élèves du primaire des systèmes éducatifs du Consortium de l’Afrique australe pour le pilotage de la qualité de l’éducation (SACMEQ). Cette échelle, composée de 18 items, a été élaborée à l’aide du modèle de mesure de Rasch. Les scores du SSE-SACMEQ de plus de 60 000 élèves ont été analysés afin d’établir des profils (réponses attendues aux items) par pays. Une corrélation positive entre le SSE des élèves et leurs performances en lecture et en calcul a été trouvée pour la plupart des pays.
Inherited hypoxia: A new challenge for reoligotrophicated lakes under global warming
Authors: Jenny Jean‐Philippe , Arnaud Fabien , Alric Benjamin , Dorioz Jean‐Marcel , Sabatier Pierre , Meybeck Michel , Perga Marie‐Elodie
Published: November 2014

The Anthropocene is characterized by a worldwide spread of hypoxia, among other manifestations, which threatens aquatic ecosystem functions, services, and biodiversity. The primary cause of hypoxia onset in recent decades is human‐triggered eutrophication. Global warming has also been demonstrated to contribute to the increase of hypoxic conditions. However, the precise role of both environmental forcings on hypoxia dynamics over the long term remains mainly unknown due to a lack of historical monitoring. In this study, we used an innovative paleolimnological approach on three large European lakes to quantify past hypoxia dynamics and to hierarchies the contributions of climate and nutrients. Even for lake ecosystems that have been well oxygenated over a millennia‐long period, and regardless of past climatic fluctuations, a shift to hypoxic conditions occurred in the 1950s in response to an unprecedented rise in total phosphorus concentrations above 10 ± 5 µg P L−1. Following this shift, hypoxia never disappeared despite the fact that environmental policies succeeded in drastically reducing lake phosphorus concentrations. During that period, decadal fluctuations in hypoxic volume were great, ranging between 0.5 and 8% of the total lake volumes. We demonstrate, through statistical modeling, that these fluctuations were essentially driven by climatic factors, such as river discharge and air temperature. In lakes Geneva and Bourget, which are fed by large river systems, fluctuations in hypoxic volume were negatively correlated with river discharge. In contrast, the expansion of hypoxia has been related only to warmer air temperatures at Annecy, which is fed by small river systems. Hence, we outline a theoretical framework assuming that restored lake ecosystems have inherited hypoxia from the eutrophication period and have shifted to a new stable state with new key controls of water and ecosystem quality. We suggest that controlling river discharge may be a complementary strategy for local management of lakes fed by large river systems.
Land surface energy partitioning revisited: A novel approach based on single depth soil measurement
Authors: Yang Jiachuan , Wang Zhi‐Hua
Published: November 2014

The partitioning of solar energy into sensible, latent, and ground heat fluxes over the land surface is responsible for changes of state variables in the soil‐atmosphere system. Recent research enables the reconstruction of the land surface temperature and ground heat flux using Green's function approach, as well as the estimate of the distribution of available energy into latent and sensible heat fluxes based on linear stability analysis. Combining the Green's function approach and linear stability analysis, we propose a new physically based numerical procedure to estimate the land surface energy partitioning in this paper. The new method is capable of predicting all surface energy budgets using a single depth soil measurement; the model reliability is evaluated with comparisons to flux tower measurements. The results of this study deepen our insight into the implicit link between surface energy partition and subsurface soil dynamics and how the link can be employed to related research areas.
The changing roles of iron and vertical mixing in regulating nitrogen and silicon cycling in the Southern Ocean over the last glacial cycle
Authors: Robinson Rebecca S. , Brzezinski Mark A. , Beucher Charlotte P. , Horn Matthew G. S. , Bedsole Patrick
Published: November 2014

The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in the air‐sea CO2 balance through biological and physical mechanisms. Vertical supply of deep waters returns nutrients and CO2 to the surface and stimulates phytoplankton growth. Photosynthesis in the Southern Ocean is limited by iron and only a fraction of the carbon and nutrients that return to the surface are consumed for potential sequestration in the deep sea. Here we present the most spatially extensive data set of silicon and nitrogen isotope measurements from diatom frustules to date to examine the controls on nutrient drawdown during the last glacial period and across the glacial termination in both the Antarctic and Subantarctic zones. The new data confirm existing views that differing silicon and nitrate consumption patterns in the Antarctic zone are likely the result, at least in part, of iron addition during the last glacial maximum (LGM). However, earlier in the glacial, a more coordinated response in the two proxy records, with both reflecting enhanced consumption during episodes of increased iron accumulation and export production, implies a different system response than observed for the LGM. A collapse of the expected equatorward gradient in silicon isotope values and contraction of the nitrogen isotope gradient during the deglaciation suggests that nutrient supply increased not only in the Antarctic Zone, but also in the Subantarctic, perhaps due to enhanced deep mixing locally. Enhanced deep water ventilation across the Southern Ocean likely increased the nutrient content of mode waters during the deglaciation.
Robust Control for a Class of Uncertain Switched Fuzzy Systems with Saturating Actuators
Authors: Luo Jinming , Zhao Jun
Published: November 2014

This paper investigates the robust control problem for a class of uncertain switched fuzzy systems with saturating actuators. The asymptotical stability for fuzzy subsystems subject to actuator saturation is not assumed. Based on the multiple Lyapunov functions method, we design a switching law and a state feedback control law such that the closed‐loop system is asymptotically stable. Additionally, the estimation of the domain of attraction is presented by solving an optimization problem. Finally, simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Dr. Earl N. Meyer, in the lab, with a scalpel: A murder mystery as a biochemistry recruitment tool
Authors: Vulcu Felicia , Heirwegh Meagan
Published: November 2014

Increasing student participation in science is an ongoing challenge for many universities. In this active learning workshop, centered on inquiry and teamwork, we introduce high‐school students to biochemistry and molecular biology techniques using a murder mystery activity. During this intensive 3 hr workshop, we engage students in a murder scenario entitled “The Case of the Silenced Scientist.” A commercially available DNA fingerprinting kit was used as a basis to create a customized scenario whereby students collaborate with one another to solve a murder mystery. Through analysis of DNA samples taken from the crime scene and suspects, students can identify the murderer while developing technical, teamwork, and critical thinking skills. Emphasis is placed on teamwork by immersing students in the collaborative process of research inquiry. Though short in duration, this workshop aims to build student relationships to science through creativity and exploration. In this article, we describe the key customized applications of this workshop as a blueprint for science recruitment. We focus on the workshop facilitators' perceived learning impact on students. © 2014 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(1):20–27, 2015.
Assessing the engagement, learning, and overall experience of students operating an atomic absorption spectrophotometer with remote access technology
Authors: Erasmus Daniel J. , Brewer Sharon E. , Cinel Bruno
Published: November 2014

The use of internet‐based technologies in the teaching of laboratories has emerged as a promising education tool. This study evaluated the effectiveness of using remote access technology to operate an atomic absorption spectrophotometer in analyzing the iron content in a crude myoglobin extract. Sixty‐two students were surveyed on their level of engagement, learning, and overall experience. Feedback from students suggests that the use of remote access technology is effective in teaching students the principles of chemical analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. © 2014 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(1):6–12, 2015.
Selective Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Sorbitol to Fructose and Sorbose
Authors: Kwon Youngkook , de Jong Ed , van der Waal Jan Kees , Koper Marc T. M.
Published: November 2014

A new electrocatalytic method for the selective electrochemical oxidation of sorbitol to fructose and sorbose is demonstrated by using a platinum electrode promoted by p‐block metal atoms. By the studying a range of C4, C5 and C6 polyols, it is found that the promoter interferes with the stereochemistry of the polyol and thereby modifies its reactivity.
Electroanalytical Behavior of Gallic and Ellagic Acid Using Graphene Modified Screen‐Printed Electrodes. Method for the Determination of Total Low Oxidation Potential Phenolic Compounds Content in Cork Boiling Waters
Authors: Guiberteau‐Cabanillas Agustina , Godoy‐Cancho Belén , Bernalte Elena , Tena‐Villares Miriam , Guiberteau Cabanillas Carmen , Martínez‐Cañas Manuel A.
Published: November 2014

New electroanalytical methods have been proposed for the estimation of the total content of phenolic compounds of low oxidation potential in cork boiling water, expressed as gallic acid equivalent/g dry cork, by using screen‐printed electrode modified with graphene. The results obtained have been compared with spectrophotometric method (Folin‐Ciocalteau) and a good correlation has been found between them. The detection limits obtained by Winefordner‐Long and Clayton methods were 0.04 and 0.06 ppm for ellagic acid (EA), and 0.05 and 0.09 ppm for gallic acid (GA), respectively. The sensitivity, simplicity, selectivity, fast and low cost of the developed methodologies is also demonstrated.
Incorporation of graphene oxide nanosheets into boronate‐functionalized polymeric monolith to enhance the electrochromatographic separation of small molecules
Authors: Lin Zian , Wang Juan , Yu Ruifang , Yin Xiaofei , He Yu
Published: November 2014

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were incorporated into an organic polymer monolith containing 3‐acrylamidophenylboronic acid (AAPBA) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) to form a novel monolithic stationary phase for CEC. The effects of the mass ratio of AAPBA/PETA, the amount of GO, and the volume of porogen on the morphology, permeability and pore properties of the prepared poly(AAPBA‐GO‐PETA) monoliths were investigated. A series of test compounds including amides, alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatics, phenols, and anilines were used to evaluate and compare the separation performances of the poly(AAPBA‐GO‐PETA) and the parent poly(AAPBA‐co‐PETA) monoliths. The results indicated that incorporation of GO into monolithic column exhibited much higher resolutions (>1.5) and column efficiency (62 000 ∼ 110 000 plates/m for toluene, DMF, formamide, and thiourea) than the poly(AAPBA‐co‐PETA). The successful application in isocratic separation of peptides suggests the potential of the GO incorporated monolithic column in complex sample analysis. In addition, the reproducibility and stability of the prepared poly(AAPBA‐GO‐PETA) monolith was assessed. The run‐to‐run, column‐to‐column and batch‐to‐batch reproducibilities of this monolith for alkylbenzenes’ retention were satisfactory with the RSDs less than 1.8% (n = 5), 3.7% and 5.6% (n = 3), respectively, indicating the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.
Therapy‐related peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Morawska Marta , Grzasko Norbert , Kostyra Magdalena , Wojciechowicz Jolanta , Hus Marek
Published: November 2014

This review discusses the most common issues concerning multiple myeloma (MM)‐related peripheral neuropathy (PN). This is an important MM complication, observed in up to 54% of newly diagnosed patients, caused by the disease itself or its treatment. Although its aetiology is largely unknown, a number of mechanisms are suspected. It is important to know the neurological status of a patient, as many new antimyeloma medicines can trigger or exacerbate any pre‐existing neuropathy. Examples include thalidomide‐induced and bortezomib‐induced PN (TiPN and BiTN, respectively), which are key MM treatment options. TiPN is usually sensory and sensorimotor, whereas BiPN is typically sensory. The mechanisms of chemotherapy‐induced neurotoxicity in MM are well known; thalidomide seems to induce PN through its antiangiogenic properties, whereas bortezomib neurotoxicity is connected with disrupted calcium homeostasis. TiPN incidence ranges from 25% to 75%, and its prevalence and severity appears to be dose‐dependent. BiPN incidence is almost 40% and is dose‐related as well. Poor (25%) reversibility of TiPN prompted the recommendations for dose and exposure reduction, whereas BiPN cases are mostly reversible (64%). Peripheral sensory neuropathy is very rare in patients receiving bendamustine monotherapy. Because of this favourable toxicity profile, bendamustine may be considered a promising option for combination therapies in pre‐existing PN in myeloma patients. Considering the lack of curative therapy for treatment‐emergent PN, prevention is a key management strategy in MM patients. All patients should be evaluated for PN before the administration of a neurotoxic drug, and those under treatment should be closely monitored by a neurologist. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation of cherts from sites in southwest Tasmania
Authors: Sheppard Peter J.
Published: November 2014

This paper reports on the characterisation, using thin section petrography and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, of cherts recovered from Pleistocene sites (Bone Cave, Warreen, Pulawa Trounta and Nunamira) located in the interior of Southwest Tasmania. The results indicate use of one major chert source area and fit a simple distance fall‐off model. These results are congruent with palaeo‐ecological models previously developed for Southwestern Tasmania (Cosgrove 1995; Cosgrove, Allen and Marshall 1990).
Anthropogenic factors and prehistoric dog morphology: a case study from Polynesia
Authors: Clark Geoffrey R.
Published: November 2014

This study of a prehistoric Polynesian commensal, using data from New Zealand and Hawaiian dogs, identifies significant skeletal differences between and within the populations. Genetic, environmental and anthropogenic factors are discussed to account for the differences. It is suggested that anthropogenic factors are an important influence on the commensal's skeleton.
Amino acid analysis of food residues in pottery: a field and laboratory study
Authors: Fankhauser Barry
Published: November 2014

When food is cooked in a clay pot, traces remain within the fabric and in charred deposits on the walls of the vessel. To better define the parameters of food deposits in pottery, field research was carried out in Papua New Guinea (PNG) on cooking methods and pottery making as they relate to organic residues. Samples of common foods, pottery with known residues, and newly made pottery for laboratory studies were collected and analysed for amino acids using high performance liquid chromatography. The background amino acid content of fired pottery was found to be negligible compared to food residues incorporated into the vessel walls during cooking. Mainly free amino acids are absorbed into the pot matrix when foods are boiled. It is these amino acids which must be analysed when making comparisons to food standards. Amino acid results for food residues and foods cooked in the laboratory duplicated those from samples obtained in PNG. Ageing studies carried out under varying conditions on food and food residues within the pottery fabric found that amino acids were quite stable especially under dry ageing conditions.
Amino acid racemisation and radiocarbon dating of a contact period midden, Greenglade rockshelter, New South Wales
Authors: Murray‐Wallace Colin V. , Colley Sarah M.
Published: November 2014

The extent of racemisation of one of the fastest racemising amino acids, aspartic acid, in the marine gastropod Turbo undulatus from Greenglade rockshelter, southern New South Wales, is examined in an attempt to resolve time within the last few hundred years, an interval that is difficult to date by radiocarbon. Aspartic acid racemisation, in conjunction with radiocarbon dating and stratigraphic evidence, indicates that Greenglade rockshelter was occupied episodically since AD 1300. The variation in the amino acid results obtained in this study help to define the limitations of applying the amino acid racemisation (AAR) method to middens of recent origin. Comparison of AAR analyses on shell of equivalent age and known not to have been burnt, suggests that some of the shells within the middens have been reworked and/or heated during multiple episodes of rockshelter occupation. Cultural evidence indicates that the rockshelter was used until historically‐recent times, well after British colonisation and possibly as late as the middle twentieth century. The difficulties of dating this interval are also considered in the context of the contact period in Australia. It is concluded that dating midden materials of recent age, known to have been heated by camp fires, is a particularly difficult task by the AAR method, but that meaningful results may be obtained if the technique is used with caution.
Review
Authors: Bowdler Sandra
Published: November 2014

Report of the Southern Forests Archaeological Project. Volume 1. Site descriptions, stratigraphies and chronologies. Edited by Jim Allen. School of Archaeology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 1996. ISBN 1 86446 111 X (v. 1). Pp. xii + 277. $30.00
Review
Authors: Davidson Iain
Published: November 2014

Rock art and regionalisation in north Queensland prehistory. By B. David D. Chant Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 37(2) 1995. ISSN 0079‐8835. Pp. 170. $30.00
Navatanitawake ceremonial mound, Bau, Fiji: some results of 1970 investigations
Authors: Parke Aubrey
Published: November 2014

This paper records results from the archaeological investigations of a major ceremonial mound in Fiji, on the island of Bau. Discoveries included the human skeletal remains of at least 17 individuals, showing a variety of mortuary practices, three hearths, and associated sherds of elaborately decorated pottery and other artefacts. Excavation indicated that the double‐platform mound had been constructed in two phases. These discoveries can be correlated with early written accounts and current oral traditions relating to the rise to power of the Vunivalu or secular war chief of the confederacy of Bau and particularly to the battle of Kaba in 1855 and the burial on Bau of Tongan warriors killed during the battle.
Pleistocene Aboriginal occupation at Cania Gorge, Central Queensland: preliminary results of fieldwork
Authors: Lilley Ian , Brian Deborah , Clarkson Chris , Ulm Sean
Published: November 2014

Recent excavations at Cania Gorge in central Queensland have revealed evidence for Aboriginal occupation dating from the late Pleistocene through to the historical period. This paper briefly describes the general aims of the project as well as several of the key sites excavated, and reports initial radiocarbon determinations. These excavations were conducted as part of the Gooreng Gooreng Cultural Heritage Project, which is being undertaken in collaboration with the Gurang Land Council Aboriginal Corporation (see Clarkson et al. in prep.; Jolly 1994; Lilley and Ulm 1995; Lilley et al. 1996; Lilley et al. in press).
New radiocarbon determinations from the Grampians‐Gariwerd region, western Victoria
Authors: Bird C.F.M. , Frankel David , van Waarden Nora
Published: November 2014

New radiocarbon determinations have been obtained for four rockshelter sites in the Grampians‐Gariwerd region, originally excavated in the 1970s and early 1980s by the Victoria Archaeological Survey. Basal dates of about 22,000 BP for Drual and evidence of occupation below a date of about 9000 BP for Billimina indicate that the ranges were first occupied during the Late Pleistocene. These results have considerable implications for the interpretation of the archaeological record of Western Victoria.
Review
Authors: Swadling Pamela
Published: November 2014

The Lapita Peoples. Ancestors of the Oceanic World By Patrick Vinton Kirch. Blackwell, Oxford, 1996. ISBN 155786–1129 (hb); 157718–0364 (pb). Pp. xxv + 353, Price USD69.95 (hb); USD26.95(pb)
Review
Authors: Summerhayes Glenn
Published: November 2014

Prehistoric long‐distance interaction in Oceania: an interdisciplinary approach Edited by Marshall Weisler New Zealand Archaeological Association Monograph 12, 1997 ISBN 0–9597915–4–X. Pp. 237. Price: NZD 45.
The specificities of the ‘Southern Lapita Province’: the New Caledonian case
Authors: Sand Christophe
Published: November 2014

New studies on the Lapita phenomenon in New Caledonia have led to the identification of local patterns that allow the outlining of the concept of a ‘Southern Lapita Province‘, recently proposed by Kirch (1997). By defining the chronological limits and the typological characteristics of the dentate, non‐dentate and undecorated Lapita ware, and the forms of the non‐ceramic material, this paper makes a preliminary study of the local differences of the Lapita cultural complex in Southern Melanesia.
Provenience analysis of pottery from Fijian hillforts: preliminary implications for exchange within the archipelago
Authors: Bentley R. Alexander
Published: November 2014

Surface finds of pottery from hillforts in the Yasawas Islands were examined by neutron activation analysis (NAA) and by petrographic analysis. The NAA results show that pottery from the Yasawas falls into at least three distinct compositional groups. Petrographic comparison and a pilot study by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS) shows pottery from the lower Singatoka valley to have a composition similar to a group of Yasawas pottery, indicating exchange between the two areas. The evidence for pottery exchange is consistent with dialect similarity evidence that Western Fiji evolved as a separate sphere of interaction from the rest of Fiji.
Evolutions in the Lapita Cultural Complex: a view from the Southern Lapita Province
Authors: Sand Christophe
Published: November 2014

This paper discusses differences in the settlement strategies and cultural evolutions developed during the Lapita period, by comparing expansion and transformation processes identified in Southern Melanesia, particularly New Caledonia, with the wider regional data.

Entering a region devoid of malaria and in some cases with geologically complex landforms, the Austronesian colonists, who arrived about 1000 BC, developed specific trends of the Lapita Cultural Complex, which can be characterized as a regional Southern Province. I first present a general background of the Lapita period in New Caledonia, focussing on chronology, geographical spread and the major characteristics of the postulated Southern Province. This allows the identification of cultural developments internal to the Lapita period of New Caledonia that are significant for understanding changes and relationships between the different Lapita Provinces. Discussion mainly points to sources of cultural origin, rates of first settlement and regional transformations, and local relations between the islands.
Review
Authors: White J. Peter
Published: November 2014

Hands of Time. An Introduction to Australian Zooarchaeology. By Richard Cosgrove. Archaeology Publications, LaTrobe University, Bundoora Vic, 3083. ISBN 1864465026. CD‐Rom for Windows 95/98/NT or Macintosh. AUD60 within australia, AUD55 overseas (postage incl.).
Life on the edge: prehistoric settlement and economy on Utrōk Atoll, northern Marshall Islands
Authors: Weisler Marshall I.
Published: November 2014

The prehistoric settlement pattern and economy of Utrōk Atoll, situated near the northern limit of permanently‐inhabited atolls in the Marshall Islands, is described and interpreted from a complete intensive survey and excavations totalling 64 m2 (70.45 m3). Sites range from the most expansive, 25 hectare habitation and horticultural system on the largest islet, to smaller, temporarily‐occupied habitations situated on diminutive islets. A suite of 16 radiocarbon age determinations suggests human occupation of the atoll by the first few centuries AD (Beta‐103903). Four additional dating samples, collected from emerged beachrock, determined when the islets adjusted shape in response to changing sea levels and coastal processes.

Some 173 prehistoric tools and ornaments included 39 shell adzes, pumice abraders, pearl shell scrapers, pounders and hammerstones, a trolling lure point, a single piece fishhook point and ornaments such as Conus shell rings, Spondylus beads and disks, pendants and a small drilled whale tooth.

Of the 13,545 bones, 88.6% were of fish, mostly inshore taxa, with dog (Canis familiaris), Pacific rat (Rattus exulans), sea turtle (cf. Chelonia mydas), lizard and bird (Puffinus, Phaethon, Sula, Fregata, Egretta and Heteroscelus), as well as three human burials. Some 45.7 kg of shellfish representing 34 families was dominated by bivalves (67%) of mostly Tridacnidae. The Bullmouth helmet, Cypraecassis rufa, was extirpated as a result of human predation, although the archaeological evidence suggests that low human populations on this relatively dry atoll had little noticeable impact on the marine ecosystem, while the terrestrial landscape was markedly altered.
Review
Authors: Ross June
Published: November 2014

Handbook of Rock Art Research. Edited by David S. Whitley. Altamira Press, California, 2001. ISBN 0–7245–0256–2. Pp 863. USD99.95
Review
Authors: Specht Jim
Published: November 2014

Protection of Intellectual, Biological and Cultural Property in Papua New Guinea Edited by Kathy Whimp and Mark Busse Asia Pacific Press at The Australian National University, Canberra, and Conservation Melanesia Inc., Port Moresby, 2000. ISBN 0 7315 3663 0. Pp. xiv + 216. AUD 32 (GST incl.)
Review
Authors: Horsfall Nicky
Published: November 2014

Index of Dates from Archaeological Sites in Queensland By Sean Ulm & Jill Reid Queensland Archaeological Research 12, 2000. Anthropology Museum, University of Queensland. ISSN 0814 3021. Pp. 129. AUD 33 (inc. GST), plus postage.
Hammer dressed stone hatchets in the Lake Eyre Basin
Authors: Tibbett Kevin
Published: November 2014

Examination of 137 edge ground stone hatchets from the Lake Eyre Basin suggested that as distance from the source increases the artefacts were more intensively reduced by hammer dressing. By reducing the thickness of the hatchet with hammer dressing an acute edge angle can be maintained as resharpening ingresses towards the original thicker centre of the hatchet. I hypothesise that hammer dressing is a curation practice to extend the use‐life of hatchets.
Review
Authors: Burke Heather
Published: November 2014

The Archaeology of Urban Landscapes. Explorations in Slumland. Edited by Alan Mayne and Tim Murray. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001. ISBN 0 521 77975 8 (paper). Pp. Xi+192. AUD55 (paper).
The texture of agency: an example of culture‐contact in central Australia
Authors: Paterson Alistair
Published: November 2014

A regional historical archaeological analysis of Strangways Springs Station, northern South Australia, reveals the evidence for interaction in the period 1850–1900 between Aboriginal people and newly arrived European pastoralists. The evidence from campsites and worksites demonstrates differential Aboriginal involvement in the nineteenth century pastoral domain. The nature of cultural interaction changed as the pastoralists adapted and transformed their economic and social behaviour in response to the harsh Lake Eyre Basin environment and to economic and technical parameters related to the fledgling pastoral industry. The case study shows that archaeological and historical evidence each provide different perspectives on past culture contact and human agency.
Review
Authors: Clegg John
Published: November 2014

Sydney's Aboriginal Past: investigating the archaeological and historical records By Valerie Attenbrow. University of New South Wales Press, 2002. ISBN 0 86840585X. Pp.288. AUD 95.
Review
Authors: Mackay Richard
Published: November 2014

Much More Than Stones and Bones. Australian Archaeology in the late Twentieth Century By Hilary du Cros Melbourne University Press, 2001. ISBN 0 522 850 20 0 (paper). Pp xv + 204. AUD34.95.
Writing (pre)history: narrative and archaeological explanation in the New Guinea Highlands
Authors: Ballard Chris
Published: November 2014

The role of narrative in explanation has received considerable attention in most of the disciplines concerned with questions of historical process, including history, geology, psychoanalysis and palaeo‐anthropology. Archaeologists, however, have been curiously reluctant to consider the proposition that their reconstructions of the past are fundamentally narrative in character. An argument is put forward for the serious study of narrative in archaeology, and three case studies from the prehistory of the New Guinea Highlands are presented in support: a brief review of the debate over the impact of sweet potato on Highland society; an analysis of the changing interpretations of the Kuk Swamp agricultural site by Jack Golson; and a summary of the role of indigenous narratives in accounting for the history of wetland drainage amongst Huli speakers in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea.
Fratricide and inequality: things fall apart in eastern New Guinea
Authors: Burton John
Published: November 2014

This paper contrasts models of increasing social integration in the central valleys of the New Guinea highlands advanced by Watson, Modjeska and Golson with that of a society constructed entirely differently at the eastern end of the central mountain chain, that of the Upper Watut of Morobe Province. Watut settlements were traditionally locked into a cycle of fission, foundation and accretion caused by the inability of lineage mates to live together without conflict. At a point in the recent past, population growth transformed the system into one of expansion and the conquest of new land until this was arrested by the advent of the colonial period.