bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Antimicrobial Function by L/D-Lysine Substitution on a Novel Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Peptide, Phylloseptin-TO2: A Structure-Related Activity Research Study
Authors: Yin Weining , Yao Junting , Leng Xuwei , Ma Chengbang , Chen Xiaoling , Jiang Yangyang , Wang Tao , Chen Tianbao , Shaw Chris , Zhou Mei , Wang Lei
Published: August 2024

Antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat to public health globally, reducing the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics in treating bacterial infections. ESKAPE pathogens are a group of highly transmissible bacteria that mainly contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance and cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans. Phylloseptins, a class of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from Phyllomedusidae frogs, have been proven to have antimicrobial activity via membrane interaction. However, their relatively high cytotoxicity and low stability limit the clinical development of these AMPs. This project aims to study the antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of a phylloseptin-like peptide, phylloseptin-TO2 (PSTO2), following rational amino acid modification. Here, PSTO2 (FLSLIPHAISAVSALAKHL-NH2), identified from the skin secretion of Phyllomedusa tomopterna, was used as the template for modification to enhance antimicrobial activity. Adding positive charges to PSTO2 through substitution with L-lysines enhanced the interaction of the peptides with cell membranes and improved their antimicrobial efficacy. The analogues SRD7 and SR2D10, which incorporated D-lysines, demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) while also showing reduced haemolytic activity and cytotoxicity, resulting in a higher therapeutic index. Additionally, SRD7, modified with D-lysines, exhibited notable anti-proliferative properties against human lung cancer cell lines, including H838 and H460. This study thus provides a potential development model for new antibacterial and anti-cancer drugs combating antibiotic resistance.
A Method for the Colorimetric Quantification of Sodium Lauryl Sulphate in Tablets: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Paulausks Artūrs , Mazurs Austris , Mohylyuk Valentyn
Published: August 2024

The deformulation stage of original drug products, which includes the quantification of critical excipients, is crucial for the successful development of generic drug products of solid dosage form. Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) belongs to the group of critical excipients due to its influence on the bioavailability of drugs, such as metformin. The purpose of this work is to carry out a feasibility study in order to develop a simple, economical, and robust analytical method for the quantification of SLS in metformin-containing tablets after their dissolution in water. Firstly, SLS is extracted with chloroform in acidic conditions, followed by the addition of methylene blue (MB) in order to form a SLS-MB ion pair, which is then measured photometrically at a wavelength of 651 nm. Additionally, interference from matrix components (excipients and APIs) was assessed, and it was found that metformin also forms a blue complex; therefore, this specific extraction method was developed. Other matrix components did not interfere with SLS determination. This method shows a well-estimated precision of 3.3% and accuracy of 5%, a calibration linearity of R2 = 0.99990, and a working range of 0.38 µg/mL to 10 µg/mL of SLS in water. The midpoint of the calibration graph corresponds to the concentration of SLS obtained by dissolving a single tablet in 1 L of water. This method seems appropriate for total SLS determination in tablets and can be applicable for deformulation.
Electrospraying as a Means of Loading Itraconazole into Mesoporous Silica for Enhanced Dissolution
Authors: Volitaki Charitini , Lewis Andrew , Craig Duncan Q. M. , Buanz Asma
Published: August 2024

Mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) have been investigated as potential carriers to increase the apparent solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs by physically stabilising the amorphous nature of the loaded drug. In preparing such systems, it is recognized that the loading method has a critical impact on the physical state and performance of the drug. To date, there has been very limited investigation into the use of electrospraying for loading drugs into mesoporous silica. In this study, we further explore the use of this approach, in particular as a means of producing amorphous and high drug-loaded MSPs; the study includes an investigation of the effect of drug loading and MSP concentration on the formulation performance and process. A comparison with rotary evaporation, a more widely utilised loading technique, was conducted to assess the relative effectiveness of electrospraying. The physical state of the drug in the formulations was assessed using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The drug release profiles were determined by a comparative in vitro drug release test. Electrospraying successfully produced formulations containing amorphous drug even at a high drug loading. In contrast, while itraconazole was present in amorphous form at the lower drug-loaded formulations produced by rotary evaporation, the drug was in the crystalline state at the higher loadings. The percentage of drug released was enhanced up to ten times compared to that of pure itraconazole for all the formulations apart from the highest loaded (crystalline) formulation prepared by rotary evaporation. Supersaturation for at least six hours was maintained by the formulations loaded with up to 30 mg/mL itraconazole produced by electrospraying. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that electrospraying is capable of producing amorphous drug-loaded MSPs at high loadings, with associated favourable release characteristics. A comparison with the standard rotary evaporation approach indicates that electrospraying may be more effective for the production of higher loadings of amorphous material.
Scalability of API-Loaded Multifilament Yarn Production by Hot-Melt Extrusion and Evaluation of Fiber-Based Dosage Forms
Authors: Rosenbaum Christoph , Gerds Naemi , Hack Liliane , Weitschies Werner
Published: August 2024

Fiber-based technologies are widely used in various industries, but their use in pharmaceuticals remains limited. While melt extrusion is a standard method for producing medical fibers such as sutures, it is rarely used for pharmaceutical fiber-based dosage forms. The EsoCap system is a notable exception, using a melt-extruded water-soluble filament as the drug release trigger mechanism. The challenge of producing drug-loaded fibers, particularly due to the use of spinning oils, and the processing of the fibers are addressed in this work using other approaches. The aim of this study was to develop processes for the production and processing of pharmaceutical fibers for targeted drug delivery. Fibers loaded with polyvinyl alcohol and fluorescein sodium as a model drug were successfully prepared by a continuous melt extrusion process and directly spun. These fibers exhibited uniform surface smoothness and consistent tensile strength. In addition, the fibers were further processed into tubular dosage forms using a modified knitting machine and demonstrated rapid drug release in a flow cell.
Emerging Strategies in Drug Development and Clinical Care in the Era of Personalized and Precision Medicine
Authors: Drăgoi Cristina Manuela , Nicolae Alina Crenguța , Dumitrescu Ion-Bogdan
Published: August 2024

In the ever-changing landscape of modern medicine, we face an important moment where the interplay of disease, drugs, and patients defines a new paradigm [...]
The Potential Habitat Response of Cyclobalanopsis gilva to Climate Change
Authors: Liu Bao , Li Yinglin , Zhao Jintao , Weng Huiying , Ye Xingzhuang , Liu Shouqun , Zhao Zixin , Ahmad Sagheer , Zhan Chaoyu
Published: August 2024

Cyclobalanopsis gilva, a valuable timber species in China, holds significant importance for understanding the constraints imposed by climate change on the dynamic geographic distribution of tree species. This study utilized the MaxEnt maximum entropy model to reconstruct the migratory dynamics of C. gilva geographical distribution since the Last Glacial Maximum. The objective was to comprehend the restrictive mechanisms of environmental factors on its potential geographical distribution, aiming to provide insights for mid-to-long-term afforestation planning of C. gilva. The optimized MaxEnt model exhibited a significantly high predictive accuracy, with an average AUC value of 0.949 ± 0.004 for the modern suitable habitat model of C. gilva. The total suitable habitat area for C. gilva in contemporary times was 143.05 × 104 km2, with a highly suitable habitat area of 3.14 × 104 km2. The contemporary suitable habitat was primarily located in the southeastern regions of China, while the highly suitable habitat was concentrated in eastern Fujian and central-eastern Taiwan. Bioclimatic variables such as mean diurnal range (Bio2), min temperature of coldest month (Bio6), precipitation of driest quarter (Bio17), and precipitation of driest month (Bio14) predominantly influenced the modern geographic distribution pattern of C. gilva, with temperature factors playing a leading role. With global climate warming, there is a risk of fragmentation or even loss of suitable habitat for C. gilva by 2050 and 2090. Therefore, the findings of this study can significantly contribute to initiating a habitat conservation campaign for this species.
Exploring the Potential Applications of Wool Fibers in Composite Materials: A Review
Authors: Patrucco Alessia , Zoccola Marina , Anceschi Anastasia
Published: August 2024

The use of renewable resources in composite materials is a vital strategy for enhancing sustainability in material science. Wool fibers are promising due to their unique properties, including thermal insulation and self-extinguishing characteristics. However, a substantial portion of wool is deemed unsuitable for textiles and is often discarded as waste. This review investigates the integration of wool fibers into polymer composites, aiming to improve sustainability and material performance. By analyzing recent advancements, this study highlights the potential of wool fibers to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties of composites. The findings support the development of eco-friendly materials that contribute to waste reduction and promote sustainable practices across various industries.
Effects of Ultrasonication in Water and Isopropyl Alcohol on High-Crystalline Cellulose: A Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry and X-ray Diffraction Investigation
Authors: Rotaru Răzvan , Fortună Maria E. , Ungureanu Elena , Brezuleanu Carmen O.
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the effects of ultrasonication on cellulose microparticles in different conditions. FTIR (Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) analyses were used to compare the changes in the cellulose microstructure caused by the following various ultrasonic treatment conditions: time, amplitude of generated ultrasound waves, output power converted into ultrasound, the liquid medium (water and isopropyl alcohol) used for ultrasonication, and the shape of the vessel used for sonication. The cumulative results lead to an increase in the crystalline region directly proportional to the condition of sonication. Also, the total crystallinity index varied from 1.39 (pristine cellulose) to 1.94 for sonication in alcohol to 0.56 for sonication in water. The crystallinity index varied from 67% (cellulose) to 77% for the sample with 15 min of sonication in isopropyl alcohol and 50.4% for the sample with 15 min of sonication in water.
Influence of Extrusion Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Slow Crystallizing Carbon Fiber-Reinforced PAEK in Large Format Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Consul Patrick , Feuchtgruber Matthias , Bauer Bernhard , Drechsler Klaus
Published: August 2024

Additive Manufacturing (AM) enables the automated production of complex geometries with low waste and lead time, notably through Material Extrusion (MEX). This study explores Large Format Additive Manufacturing (LFAM) with carbon fiber-reinforced polyaryletherketones (PAEK), particularly a slow crystallizing grade by Victrex. The research investigates how extrusion parameters affect the mechanical properties of the printed parts. Key parameters include line width, layer height, layer time, and extrusion temperature, analyzed through a series of controlled experiments. Thermal history during printing, including cooling rates and substrate temperatures, was monitored using thermocouples and infrared cameras. The crystallization behavior of PAEK was replicated in a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) setup. Mechanical properties were evaluated using three-point bending tests to analyze the impact of thermal conditions at the deposition interface on interlayer bonding and overall part strength. The study suggests aggregated metrics, enthalpy deposition rate and shear rate under the nozzle, that should be maximized to enhance mechanical performance. The findings show that the common practice of setting fixed layer times falls short of ensuring repeatable part quality.
Fabrication of a Microfluidic-Based Device Coated with Polyelectrolyte-Capped Titanium Dioxide to Couple High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Mercury Speciation
Authors: Chen Ji-Hao , Luo Yu-Ting , Su Yi-An , Ke Yan-Ren , Deng Ming-Jay , Chen Wei-Yu , Wang Cheng-Yu , Tsai Jia-Lin , Lin Cheng-Hsing , Shih Tsung-Ting
Published: August 2024

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic element which impacts on biological systems and ecosystems. Because the toxicity of Hg species is highly dependent on their concentration levels and chemical forms, the sensitive identification of the chemical forms of Hg—i.e., Hg speciation—is of major significance in providing meaningful information about the sources of Hg exposure. In this study, a microfluidic-based device made of high-clarity poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was fabricated. Then, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2s) were attached to the treated channel’s interior with the aid of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). After coupling the nano-TiO2-coated microfluidic-based photocatalyst-assisted reduction device (the nano-TiO2-coated microfluidic-based PCARD) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), a selective and sensitive, hyphenated system for Hg speciation was established. Validation procedures demonstrated that the method could be satisfactorily applied to the determination of mercury ions (Hg2+) and methylmercury ions (CH3Hg+) in both human urine and water samples. Remarkably, the zeta potential measured clearly indicated that the PDADMAC-capped nano-TiO2s with a predominance of positive charges indeed provided a steady force for firm attachment to the negatively charged device channel. The cause of the durability of the nano-TiO2-coated microfluidic-based PCARD was clarified thus.
Oral Administration of Berberine Hydrochloride Based on Chitosan/Carboxymethyl-β-Cyclodextrin Hydrogel
Authors: Clemence Bukatuka Futila , Xiao Lin , Yang Guang
Published: August 2024

In this study, a novel oral formulation of berberine hydrochloride (BBH) hydrogel was successfully synthesized through physical cross-linking using chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CMCD). The characterization results confirmed the successful synthesis of the CS/CMCD hydrogel and the subsequent loading of BBH into this composite (CS/CMCD/BBH) was effectively accomplished. The BBH was used as a model drug and the resulting hydrogel demonstrated a sustained drug release profile. In addition to its improved solubility and sustained release characteristics, the hydrogel exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against common pathogens such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans). Additionally, in vitro studies indicated that the hydrogel was not cytotoxic to NIH3T3 and HaCaT cells, suggesting its safety for biomedical applications. This lack of cytotoxic effects, combined with the mechanical strength, solubility improvements, and antibacterial properties of the hydrogel, positions the CS/CMCD/BBH hydrogel as a promising candidate for the effective oral delivery of BBH. By addressing the solubility and delivery challenges of BBH, this hydrogel offers a viable solution for the oral administration of BBH, with potential applications in various biomedical fields.
A Light-Powered Self-Circling Slider on an Elliptical Track with a Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fiber
Authors: Wei Lu , Chen Yanan , Hu Junjie , Hu Xueao , Wang Jiale , Li Kai
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we propose an innovative light-powered LCE-slider system that enables continuous self-circling on an elliptical track and is comprised of a light-powered LCE string, slider, and rigid elliptical track. By formulating and solving dimensionless dynamic equations, we explain static and self-circling states, emphasizing self-circling dynamics and energy balance. Quantitative analysis reveals that the self-circling frequency of LCE-slider systems is independent of the initial tangential velocity but sensitive to light intensity, contraction coefficients, elastic coefficients, the elliptical axis ratio, and damping coefficients. Notably, elliptical motion outperforms circular motion in angular velocity and frequency, indicating greater efficiency. Reliable self-circling under constant light suggests applications in periodic motion fields, especially celestial mechanics. Additionally, the system’s remarkable adaptability to a wide range of curved trajectories exemplifies its flexibility and versatility, while its energy absorption and conversion capabilities position it as a highly potential candidate for applications in robotics, construction, and transportation.
Fabrication and Characterization of Dissolving Microneedles Containing Oryza sativa L. Extract Complex for Enhancement of Transfollicular Delivery
Authors: Chaiwarit Tanpong , Chanabodeechalermrung Baramee , Jantrawut Pensak , Ruksiriwanich Warintorn , Sainakham Mathukorn
Published: August 2024

Dissolving microneedles are extensively applied in drug delivery systems to enhance penetration into the skin. In this study, dissolving microneedles fabricated from polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVP-K90) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) E50 in different ratios were characterized. The selected formulations incorporated Oryza sativa L. extract complex and its characteristics, transfollicular penetration, and safety were observed. The microneedles, fabricated from PVP K90: HPMC E50 in a ratio of 25:5 (P25H5) and 20:10 (P20H10), revealed excellent morphological structure, proper mechanical strength, and excellent skin insertion. P25H5 microneedles exhibited faster dissolution than P20H10 microneedles. Microneedles containing Oryza sativa L. extract complex showed excellent morphological structure via scanning electron microscopy but decreased mechanical strength. P25H5-O, which exhibited an effective ability to enter skin, was selected for further investigation. This microneedle formulation had a high percentage of drug-loading content, enhanced skin penetration via the transfollicular route, and was safe for keratinocytes. As a result, the dissolving microneedle containing Oryza sativa L. extract complex can be used to enhance transfollicular delivery through the skin with safety.
The Optimization of Avocado-Seed-Starch-Based Degradable Plastic Synthesis with a Polylactic Acid (PLA) Blend Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Dewi Rozanna , Sylvia Novi , Zulnazri Zulnazri , Fithra Herman , Riza Medyan , Siregar Januar Parlaungan , Cionita Tezara , Fitriyana Deni Fajar , Anis Samsudin
Published: August 2024

This research improves the strength of plastic using avocado seed starch and PLA. The effect of blending avocado seed starch and PLA was optimized using the RSM approach by using two variables: water absorption and biodegradability. Mixing them using RSM gave the best result: 1.8 g of starch and 3 g of PLA. Degradable plastic has a tensile strength of 10.1 MPa, elongation at a break of 85.8%, and a Young’s modulus of 190 MPa. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the plastic had a -OH bond at 3273.20 cm−1, 3502.73 cm−1, and 3647.39 cm−1, a CH2 bond at 2953.52 cm−1, 2945.30 cm−1, and 2902.87 cm−1, a C=C bond at 1631.78 cm−1, and a C-O bond at 1741.72 cm−1. The plastic decomposed in the soil. It was organic and hydrophilic. Thermal tests demonstrated that the plastic can withstand heat well, losing weight at 356.86 °C to 413.64 °C, forming crystals and plastic melts at 159.10 °C—the same as PLA. In the melt flow test, the sample melted before measurement, and was therefore not measurable—process conditions affected it. A water absorption of 5.763% and biodegradation rate of 37.988% were found when the samples were decomposed for 12 days. The starch and PLA fused in the morphology analysis to form a smooth surface. The RSM value was close to 1. The RSM gave the best process parameters.
Development of Advanced Solid-State Thermochromic Materials for Responsive Smart Window Applications
Authors: Zeng Kai , Xue Chang , Wu Jinbo , Wen Weijia
Published: August 2024

This study introduces the synthesis and detailed characterization of a novel thermochromic material capable of reversible alterations in its thermotropic transmittance. Through an emulsion polymerization process, this newly developed material is composed of 75–85% octadecyl acrylate and 0–7% allyl methacrylate, demonstrating a pronounced discoloration effect across a narrow yet critical temperature range of 24.5–39 °C. The synthesized powder underwent a battery of tests, including differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, as well as scanning electron microscopy. These comprehensive evaluations confirmed the material’s exceptional thermal stability, uniform particle size distribution, and strong anchoring properties. Building upon these findings, we advanced the development of thermochromic polyvinyl butyral films and laminated glass products. By utilizing a coextrusion technique, we integrated these films into laminated glass, setting a new benchmark against existing glass technologies. Remarkably, the incorporation of thermochromic PVB films into laminated glass led to a significant reduction in solar irradiance of 20–30%, outperforming traditional double silver low-emissivity glass. This achievement demonstrates the exceptional shading and thermal insulation properties of the material. The research presented herein not only pioneers a valuable methodology for the engineering of smart materials with tunable thermotropic transmittance but also holds the key to unlocking enhanced energy efficiency across a spectrum of applications. The potential impact of this innovation on the realm of sustainable building materials is profound, promising significant strides toward energy conservation and environmental stewardship.
Rheological Characteristics of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers as Viscoelastic Substances
Authors: Hong Gi-Woong , Wan Jovian , Park Youngjin , Chang Kathleen , Chan Lisa Kwin Wah , Lee Kar Wai Alvin , Yi Kyu-Ho
Published: August 2024

Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are widely used in esthetic medicine and are categorized into biphasic and monophasic types based on their manufacturing processes. To evaluate the quality of these fillers, it is essential to understand their rheological properties, which reflect their viscoelastic nature. Rheology, the study of material deformation and flow, reveals how fillers behave under stress, combining properties of solids and liquids. This study explores the fundamental principles of elasticity and viscosity, rooted in Hooke’s law of elasticity and Newton’s law of viscosity, to explain the complex behavior of viscoelastic substances like HA fillers. The distinction between biphasic and monophasic fillers lies in their chemical cross-linking processes, which impact their molecular weight, structure, and ultimately, their clinical performance. Biphasic fillers with minimal cross-linking rely on natural molecular entanglements, exhibiting lower modification efficiency and greater elasticity. Conversely, monophasic fillers, which undergo extensive chemical cross-linking, demonstrate higher modification efficiency, firmer texture, and enhanced resistance to enzymatic degradation. The study emphasizes the importance of thoroughly removing residual cross-linking agents to ensure filler safety. Understanding these rheological characteristics aids clinicians in selecting appropriate fillers based on injection sites, tissue conditions, and desired outcomes, balancing viscoelastic properties and safety for optimal esthetic results.
Detecting Recent Research Trends and Applications of Some Molecular Archaeometric Analysis Techniques: A Review
Authors: Nigro Stefania Preziosa , Lazzari Maurizio
Published: August 2024

This review, through the collection and comparative analysis of the most recent literature, aims to analyze the new trends in archaeometric analysis and some selected laboratory techniques aimed at determining the provenance, the physical–chemical characteristics, and the state of decay of archaeological finds of different types (ancient manuscripts, paintings, frescoes, and ceramics). In particular, the methodologies and analytical techniques relating to Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, laser ablation, IR spectroscopy, LIBS, and Thz spectroscopy were compared and tabulated, with the aim of determining the appropriateness of each technique applied to various archaeological items. This will provide guidelines for the right conservation and restoration strategies. The work was also based on the construction of comparative tables of the consulted scientific literature and on the analysis of the research trends by using the Google Trends app.
Interreligious Concordance and Christianity in Nicholas of Cusa’s De Pace Fidei
Authors: Bossoletti Francesco
Published: August 2024

In the months following the Turkish capture of Constantinople in 1453, Nicholas of Cusa composed his De Pace Fidei, a text with which he defended and highlighted the value of interreligious dialogue and peace. Beginning with a textual analysis of its central formula (“una religio in rituum varietate”), I analyze the role that Christianity occupies in the text: I exclude its possible reduction to the una religio or to one of the multiple world religions. I then identify through a literal analysis its role as a mediator between the plurality of historical religions and that religio founded on the fides orthodoxa on which the cardinal rests his argument. In addressing this matter, I also establish how the German cardinal makes the heavenly representatives of Christianity consciously use philosophical and not only theological arguments to avoid the reduction of his position to any kind of historical one. I, hence, argue for the possible transposition of the De Pace Fidei’s method to a contemporary philosophy of interreligious dialogue.
Inter-Religious Architecture for Wedding Spaces
Authors: Giammetti Mariateresa
Published: August 2024

Culture and media transform each other through mediatization. Mediatization interacts between culture and media through artifacts of material and visual culture to convey its messages to as many people as possible. Religion is an important component of culture, so it may be interesting to analyze the influence of mediatization on specific religious practices such as rites, particularly the rite of marriage. The processes of mediatization in marriage rites act performatively on physical and cultural space, and they are reshaping religious values and norms. Starting from the relationship between the ritual form of marriage and the physical shape of the architecture designed to host them, this article analyzes the relationship between mediatization and interfaith marriage rites. The objective is to show how the condition of inter-religiousness can demonstrate the presence of invariants in the structure of marriage rites and the architectural characterof the spaces where they take place. This article aims to demonstrate that the performative dimension of the space of marriage rites is based on these invariants, which are becoming one of the main tools through which mediatization is acting.
Utilizing Circular Economy Policies to Maintain and Transform Mining Facilities: A Case Study of Brzeszcze, Poland
Authors: Szewczyk-Świątek Anna , Ostręga Anna , Cała Marek , Beese-Vasbender Pascal
Published: August 2024

How is the circular economy policy utilised to transform mining facilities? This paper analyses projects undertaken under increasing pressure for economic and energy transformation (transitioning away from coal), using the example of the municipality of Brzeszcze in Poland. These projects highlight the planned key spatial initiatives deemed feasible for implementation in the area, emphasising mining facilities and waste management (including waste from outgoing industries) that can break or speed transformation. The article aims to analyse solutions considered viable for implementation in mining towns, which can contribute to a better understanding of transformations in other monofunctional industrial centres in Europe. Data were collected using the research by design method. It is concluded that stakeholders perceive the development of peripheral mining areas as an action that can significantly impact the conduct and perception of activities related to the circular economy while also promoting a gradual transition away from coal mining. The article highlights the role of initiatives enabling the combination of transformations with a slowdown in the pace of mining activity cessation, considering the need for waste management, energy transformation, and the financial and energy stability of urban centres that have long relied on coal.
Experimental Validation of the Essential Model for a Complete Walking Gait with the NAO Robot
Authors: Marquez-Acosta Emanuel , De-León-Gómez Victor , Santibañez Victor , Chevallereau Christine , Aoustin Yannick
Published: August 2024

In this paper, for the first time, experimental tests of complete offline walking gaits generated by the essential model are performed. This model does not make simplifications in the dynamics of the robot, and its main advantage is the definition of desired Zero Moment Point trajectories. The designed gaits are implemented in the NAO robot, where starting and stopping stages are also included. Simulations in MATLAB and Webots, and experiments with the real robot are shown. Also, important remarks about the implementation of walking trajectories in the NAO robot are included, such as dealing with the hip joint shared by both legs. A comparison between the linear inverted pendulum (LIP) model and the essential model is also addressed in the experiments. As expected, the robot fails following the offline gait generated by the LIP model, but it does not with the essential model. Moreover, in order to push the boundaries of the essential model, a complex gait is designed with a vertical motion of the center of mass and an abrupt movement of the arms. As shown in experiments, no external balance controller is required to perform this complex gait. Thus, the efficiency of the essential model to design stable open-loop complex gaits is verified.
Evolution of Coastal Cliffs Characterized by Lateral Spreading in the Maltese Archipelago
Authors: Galone Luciano , Feliziani Federico , Colica Emanuele , Fucks Enrique , Galindo-Zaldívar Jesús , Gauci Ritienne , Gauci Christopher , Grechi Guglielmo , Martino Salvatore , Rivero Lluís , D’Amico Sebastiano
Published: August 2024

The Maltese archipelago is renowned for its spectacular coasts, characterized by vertical cliffs and scree slopes. In the western sector of Malta and the eastern region of Gozo, a marly clay formation with ductile properties underlying a stiff limestone unit has led to relevant lateral spreading. Utilizing drone aerial photogrammetry, digital elevation models, and satellite imagery, we analyzed the ongoing geomorphological processes across five promontories, selected as case studies. Our analysis reveals a complex interaction between geological structures, Quaternary sea level fluctuations, and lateral spreading processes. Photogrammetric models show that once detached, blocks from the plateaus tend to topple and fall or experience subsidence and backtilting. At Rdum il-Qammieħ, fractures up to 250 m long and openings of up to 2 m were observed, while at Sopu, detached blocks exhibit subsidence of up to 50% and rotations nearing 60°. In all the studied promontories, rotational slides predominantly occur at the frontal sectors, while toppling mechanisms are more common along scarp-edged plateaus. The thickness ratio between the stiff and the ductile formation, ranging from 0.13 to 1.12, along with slope gradients between 10° and 41°, further influence the stability of these coastal features. We discuss the structural and sea level influences on Maltese coastal cliff development over the last 125 ky. We propose a conceptual model outlining the evolution of the Malta Graben promontories through a three-stage evolutionary model: proto-promontories, cliff demolition, and isolation. This model emphasizes the significant role of predisposing, preparatory, and triggering factors in the geomorphological evolution of the Maltese coastline. Our findings provide essential insights into the landscape changes in the Maltese archipelago and represent a useful tool for coastal management and hazard mitigation strategies.
Synergy of UAV-LiDAR Data and Multispectral Remote Sensing Images for Allometric Estimation of Phragmites Australis Aboveground Biomass in Coastal Wetland
Authors: Ge Chentian , Zhang Chao , Zhang Yuan , Fan Zhekui , Kong Mian , He Wentao
Published: August 2024

Quantifying the vegetation aboveground biomass (AGB) is crucial for evaluating environment quality and estimating blue carbon in coastal wetlands. In this study, a UAV-LiDAR was first employed to quantify the canopy height model (CHM) of coastal Phragmites australis (common reed). Statistical correlations were explored between two multispectral remote sensing data (Sentinel-2 and JL-1) and reed biophysical parameters (CHM, density, and AGB) estimated from UAV-LiDAR data. Consequently, the reed AGB was separately estimated and mapped with UAV-LiDAR, Sentinel-2, and JL-1 data through the allometric equations (AEs). Results show that UAV-LiDAR-derived CHM at pixel size of 4 m agrees well with the observed stem height (R2 = 0.69). Reed height positively correlates with the basal diameter and negatively correlates with plant density. The optimal AGB inversion model was derived from Sentinel-2 data and JL-1 data with R2 = 0.58, RMSE = 216.86 g/m2 and R2 = 0.50, RMSE = 244.96 g/m2, respectively. This study illustrated that the synergy of UAV-LiDAR data and multispectral remote sensing images has great potential in coastal reed monitoring.
Developing a Comprehensive Oil Spill Detection Model for Marine Environments
Authors: Akhmedov Farkhod , Nasimov Rashid , Abdusalomov Akmalbek
Published: August 2024

Detecting oil spills in marine environments is crucial for avoiding environmental damage and facilitating rapid response efforts. In this study, we propose a robust method for oil spill detection leveraging state-of-the-art (SOTA) deep learning techniques. We constructed an extensive dataset comprising images and frames extracted from video sourced from Google, significantly augmenting the dataset through frame extraction techniques. Each image is meticulously labeled to ensure high-quality training data. Utilizing the Yolov8 segmentation model, we trained our oil spill detection model to accurately identify and segment oil spills in ocean environments. K-means and Truncated Linear Stretching algorithms are combined with trained model weight to increase model detection accuracy. The model demonstrated exceptional performance, yielding high detection accuracy and precise segmentation capabilities. Our results indicate that this approach is highly effective for real-time oil spill detection, offering a promising tool for environmental monitoring and disaster management. In training metrics, the model reached over 97% accuracy in 100 epochs. In evaluation, model achieved its best detection rates by 94% accuracy in F1, 93.9% accuracy in Precision, and 95.5% mAP@0.5 accuracy in Recall curves.
Extraction of Spatiotemporal Information of Rainfall-Induced Landslides from Remote Sensing
Authors: Zeng Tongxiao , Zhang Jun , Chen Yulin , Zhu Shaonan
Published: August 2024

With global climate change and increased human activities, landslides increasingly threaten human safety and property. Precisely extracting large-scale spatiotemporal information on landslides is crucial for risk management. However, existing methods are either locally based or have coarse temporal resolution, which is insufficient for regional analysis. In this study, spatiotemporal information on landslides was extracted using multiple remote sensing data from Emilia, Italy. An automated algorithm for extracting spatial information of landslides was developed with NDVI datasets. Then, we established a landslide prediction model based on a hydrometeorological threshold of three-day soil moisture and three-day accumulated rainfall. Based on this model, the locations and dates of rainfall-induced landslides were identified. Then, we further matched these identified locations with the extracted landslides from remote sensing data and finally determined the occurrence time. This approach was validated with recorded landslides events in Emilia. Despite some temporal clustering, the overall trend matched historical records, accurately reflecting the dynamic impacts of rainfall and soil moisture on landslides. The temporal bias for 87.3% of identified landslides was within seven days. Furthermore, higher rainfall magnitude was associated with better temporal accuracy, validating the effectiveness of the model and the reliability of rainfall as a landslide predictor.
Statistical Characteristics of Remote Sensing Extreme Temperature Anomaly Events in the Taiwan Strait
Authors: Jin Ze-Feng , Zhang Wen-Zhou
Published: August 2024

With global warming, the global ocean is experiencing more and stronger marine heatwaves (MHWs) and less and weaker marine cold spells (MCSs). On the regional scale, the complex circulation structure means that the changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and extreme temperature anomaly events in the Taiwan Strait (TWS) exhibit unique regional characteristics. In summer (autumn), the SST in most regions of the TWS has a significant increasing trend with a regionally averaged rate of 0.22 °C (0.19 °C) per decade during the period 1982–2021. In winter and spring, the SST in the western strait shows a significant decreasing trend with a maximum decreasing rate of −0.48 °C per decade, while it shows an increasing trend in the eastern strait. The annual mean results show that the TWS is experiencing more MHWs and MCSs with time. The frequency of the MHWs in the eastern strait is increasing faster than that in the western strait. In the western region controlled by the Zhe-Min Coastal Current, the MCSs have an increasing trend while in the other areas they have a decreasing trend. The MHWs occur in most areas of the TWS in summer and autumn, but the MCSs are mainly concentrated in the west of the TWS in spring and winter. The cooling effect of summer upwelling tends to inhibit the occurrence of MHWs and enhance MCSs. The rising background SST is a dominant driver for the increasing trend of summer MHWs. By contrast, both the SST decreasing trend and internal variability contribute to the winter MCSs increasing trend in the strait.
Estimation of Spatial–Temporal Dynamic Evolution of Potential Afforestation Land and Its Carbon Sequestration Capacity in China
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Wang Zong , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Yang Shijie
Published: August 2024

Afforestation is an important way to effectively reduce carbon emissions from human activities and increase carbon sinks in forest ecosystems. It also plays an important role in climate change mitigation. Currently, few studies have examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of future afforestation areas, which are crucial for assessing future carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. In order to obtain the dynamic distribution of potential afforestation land over time under future climate change scenarios in China, we utilized the random forest method in this study to calculate weights for the selected influencing factors on potential afforestation land, such as natural vegetation attributes and environmental factors. The “weight hierarchy approach” was used to calculate the afforestation quality index of different regions in different 5-year intervals from 2021 to 2060 and extract high-quality potential afforestation lands in each period. By dynamically analyzing the distribution and quality of potential afforestation land from 2021 to 2060, we can identify optimal afforestation sites for each period and formulate a progressive afforestation plan. This approach allows for a more accurate application of the FCS model to evaluate the dynamic changes in the carbon sequestration capacity of newly afforested land from 2021 to 2060. The results indicate that the average potential afforestation land area will reach 75 Mha from 2021 to 2060. In the northern region, afforestation areas are mainly distributed on both sides of the “Hu Line”, while in the southern region, they are primarily distributed in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and some coastal provinces. By 2060, the potential calculated cumulative carbon storage of newly afforested lands was 11.68 Pg C, with a peak carbon sequestration rate during 2056–2060 of 0.166 Pg C per year. Incorporating information on the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation succession, climate production potential, and vegetation resilience while quantifying the weights of each influencing factor can enhance the accuracy of predictions for potential afforestation lands. The conclusions of this study can provide a reference for the formulation of future afforestation plans and the assessment of their carbon sequestration capacity.
Aeolian Desertification Dynamics from 1995 to 2020 in Northern China: Classification Using a Random Forest Machine Learning Algorithm Based on Google Earth Engine
Authors: Zhang Caixia , Tan Ningjing , Li Jinchang
Published: August 2024

Machine learning methods have improved in recent years and provide increasingly powerful tools for understanding landscape evolution. In this study, we used the random forest method based on Google Earth Engine to evaluate the desertification dynamics in northern China from 1995 to 2020. We selected Landsat series image bands, remote sensing inversion data, climate baseline data, land use data, and soil type data as variables for majority voting in the random forest method. The method’s average classification accuracy was 91.6% ± 5.8 [mean ± SD], and the average kappa coefficient was 0.68 ± 0.09, suggesting good classification results. The random forest classifier results were consistent with the results of visual interpretation for the spatial distribution of different levels of desertification. From 1995 to 2000, the area of aeolian desertification increased at an average rate of 9977 km2 yr−1, and from 2000 to 2005, from 2005 to 2010, from 2010 to 2015, and from 2015 to 2020, the aeolian desertification decreased at an average rate of 2535, 3462, 1487, and 4537 km2 yr−1, respectively.
Collaborative Service Network Design for Multiple Logistics Carriers Considering Demand Uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Qihuan , Huang Min , Wang Huihui
Published: August 2024

Collaborative designing of service networks using multiple logistics carriers can bring advantages in both economic and environmental terms, and these carriers have symmetry in their service areas. To enable such a collaborative service network and the corresponding benefits, this study proposes a problem of collaborative service network design (CSND) considering demand uncertainty. This problem is formulated as a two-stage robust optimization model using a budget uncertainty set to handle the uncertain demand. A column-and-constraint generation algorithm is developed to accurately solve the robust model. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the Benders decomposition algorithm in terms of solving efficiency and quality. Through comparative experiments, this research validates the advantages of collaborative designing and the robustness of model solutions. In addition, three allocation mechanisms are tested to investigate the importance of allocation in CSND.
Investigation of Analytical Soliton Solutions to the Non-Linear Klein–Gordon Model Using Efficient Techniques
Authors: Vivas-Cortez Miguel , Nageen Maham , Abbas Muhammad , Alosaimi Moataz
Published: August 2024

Nonlinear distinct models have wide applications in various fields of science and engineering. The present research uses the mapping and generalized Riccati equation mapping methods to address the exact solutions for the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation. First, the travelling wave transform is used to create an ordinary differential equation form for the nonlinear partial differential equation. This work presents the construction of novel trigonometric, hyperbolic and Jacobi elliptic functions to the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation using the mapping and generalized Riccati equation mapping methods. In the fields of fluid motion, plasma science, and classical physics the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation is frequently used to identify of a wide range of interesting physical occurrences. It is considered that the obtained results have not been established in prior study via these methods. To fully evaluate the wave character of the solutions, a number of typical wave profiles are presented, including bell-shaped wave, anti-bell shaped wave, W-shaped wave, continuous periodic wave, while kink wave, smooth kink wave, anti-peakon wave, V-shaped wave and flat wave solitons. Several 2D, 3D and contour plots are produced by taking precise values of parameters in order to improve the physical description of solutions. It is noteworthy that the suggested techniques for solving nonlinear partial differential equations are capable, reliable, and captivating analytical instruments.
Extending Ramsey Numbers for Connected Graphs of Size 3
Authors: Jent Emma , Osborn Sawyer , Zhang Ping
Published: August 2024

It is well known that the famous Ramsey number R(K3,K3)=6. That is, the minimum positive integer n for which every red-blue coloring of the edges of the complete graph Kn results in a monochromatic triangle K3 is 6. It is also known that every red-blue coloring of K6 results in at least two monochromatic triangles, which need not be vertex-disjoint or edge-disjoint. This fact led to an extension of Ramsey numbers. For a graph F and a positive integer t, the vertex-disjoint Ramsey number VRt(F) is the minimum positive integer n such that every red-blue coloring of the edges of the complete graph Kn of order n results in t pairwise vertex-disjoint monochromatic copies of subgraphs isomorphic to F, while the edge-disjoint Ramsey number ERt(F) is the corresponding number for edge-disjoint subgraphs. Since VR1(F) and ER1(F) are the well-known Ramsey numbers of F, these new Ramsey concepts generalize the Ramsey numbers and provide a new perspective for this classical topic in graph theory. These numbers have been investigated for the two connected graphs K3 and the path P3 of order 3. Here, we study these numbers for the remaining connected graphs, namely, the path P4 and the star K1,3 of size 3. We show that VRt(P4)=4t+1 for every positive integer t and VRt(K1,3)=4t for every integer t≥2. For t≤4, the numbers ERt(K1,3) and ERt(P4) are determined. These numbers provide information towards the goal of determining how the numbers VRt(F) and ERt(F) increase as t increases for each graph F∈{K1,3,P4}.