bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problembewältigung oder Erwerbsarbeit first?
Authors: Enggruber Ruth , Lauber Dominique M.
Published: January 2024

Menschen mit Suchtverhalten, die Bürgergeld nach dem Sozialgesetzbuch II beziehen, zu ihren Wünschen an für sie hilfreiche Unterstützungsangebote zu befragen und aus ihren Schilderungen herauszuarbeiten, welche Bedeutung für sie Erwerbarbeit hat, fordert die Forschenden zu kritischen Selbstvergewisserungen heraus. Denn die qualitative Studie, die im Rahmen eines Modellprojekts, gefördert vom Bundesarbeitsministerium, durchgeführt wurde, berührt vier kritische Fachdebatten in der Sozialen Arbeit. Neben der (1) sozialpolitischen Aktivierungsprogrammatik sind hier v. a. die (2) Bezeichnung von Menschen mit Suchtverhalten sowie (3) methodologische Einwände gegen subjektorientierte Forschungsperspektiven und (4) Case Management bedeutsam. Nach der Positionierung in diesen Fachdebatten werden empirische Einblicke dazu gewährt, dass die Frage „Problembewältigung oder Erwerbsarbeit first?“ differenziert beantwortet wird. Ferner äußern die Bürgergeldbezieher:innen mit Suchtverhalten diverse Wünsche an die Unterstützung im Jobcenter und andere Hilfsangebote. Vor allem wünschen sie sich vom Jobcenter, dass es dort nicht nur um die Vermittlung in Erwerbsarbeit gehen sollte, sondern weitere und damit hybride Zielsetzungen verfolgt werden sollten.
Respiratory Exposure to Highly Fluorinated Chemicals via Application of Ski Wax and Related Health Effects
Authors: Crawford Kathryn A. , Hartmann Nicola
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Waxes containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are applied to the base of skis and snowboards (“skis”) to reduce friction with the snow surface and improve glide. PFAS exposure can adversely impact cardiometabolic, thyroid, liver, kidney, reproductive, and immune health and are associated with increased risk of certain cancers. In the present review, we summarize the state of the science on PFAS exposure from fluorinated ski wax use, including acute respiratory health effects and PFAS concentrations in biological and environmental media collected from ski waxing settings.

Recent Findings

Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA) concentrations in serum and air collected from professional wax technicians and the rooms where waxes are applied are among the highest of any occupation investigated to date, including the fluorochemical industry. High airborne concentrations of fluorotelomer alcohols contribute to high body burdens of certain PFCAs among ski waxers.

Fluorinated ski waxes are a significant source of PFAS exposure for people waxing skis and/or spending time in areas where waxing occurs. We highlight recommendations for future research, policy, and technologies needed to address PFAS exposures from fluorinated wax use.
Between the dog and the wolf: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of bicultural, sexual minority people’s lived experiences
Authors: Miller Emelie Louise , Zakrisson Ingrid
Published: January 2024

Previous research has established that people with multiple-minority identities frequently wrestle with psychosocial dilemmas in ingroup and outgroup settings, which can impair health and impede a positive belonging. The present study explores the phenomenon of psychosocial implications found in the intersection of sexuality and ethnicity from the perspective of bicultural, sexual minority individuals in Sweden, a multiple-minority group that thus far has not received scientific consideration. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight non-heterosexual, second-generation immigrants in Sweden. Data was analyzed through a collaborative interpretative phenomenological analysis. Two overarching group experiential themes (GETs) were created: “A puzzle of identity struggles” and “Sources of empowerment.” The GETs detail experiences of bullying, misidentification, parental shortcomings, gender issues, and severe mental health challenges, as well as strengthening factors in the participants’ lived experiences, including pride in heritage, creative coping strategies and purpose in life. The lines between general stressors and minority-specific stressors were blurred, which problematizes simplified understandings of multiple-minorities. The authors advocate for advances in multiple-minority knowledge among professionals within the educational and mental health systems, to facilitate preventive and interventive work that could improve life conditions and sense of belonging among non-heterosexual, ethnic minorities.
Contract noncompliance in agricultural conservation programs: Panel evidence from Louisiana, USA
Authors: Pathak Santosh , Wang Hua , Adusumilli Naveen C.
Published: January 2024

Cost-share contracts, offered through working lands programs, are instrumental in addressing environmental externalities from agriculture and generating ecosystem services. However, the persistent trend of noncompliance with cost-share contractual terms has become a problem for funding agencies and policymakers. This paper aims to study noncompliance issues within the US working lands programs using historical county-level panel data (1997–2019) from Louisiana. The results show that noncompliance is attributed more to cancellations than terminations due to flexible provisions within the cancellation option. The significant incentive effect of payment obligations reveals that revisiting payment rates could reduce contract noncompliance and mitigate moral hazard.
Turning Students into Stock Market Investors: The Role of Civil Society and Public Schools in Swedish Financialization, c. 1985–2010
Authors: Nilsson Charlotte
Published: January 2024

This article brings agency to discussions on financialization and financial education in Sweden by zooming in on two barely examined actors and arenas: civil society and public schools, respectively. The civil society organization Aktiespararna (Swedish Shareholders’ Association, founded in 1966) attempted to access and impact school education starting with its launch of youth efforts in the 1980s. Aktiespararna was joined in these efforts by Unga Aktiesparare (Swedish Young Shareholders’ Association), founded in 1990. This study describes the organizational strategies—tools, techniques, and discursive approaches—to reach Swedish upper-secondary school students. The result shows a crucial transition on how young Swedes were expected to relate to investing in stocks: from a special interest to pursue as either side activity or profession, to an inevitable part of everyday consumer life. The Swedish example is especially illuminating because it is general in its overall development from welfare state to market orientation. Yet, it emerges as distinctive in its pace and character. Apart from the apparent brisk, straightforward march from social-democratic hegemony, and one of the most regulated national economies in the mid-1900s, to a highly marketized and financialized society in the 2000s, Sweden holds a sociocultural history of strong popular movements and civil society associations. The article demonstrates important links between this aspect of collective engagement for individual progress and the financialization process.
Demystifying Autonomy: Tracing the International Law Origins of the EU Principle of Autonomy
Authors: Konstantinidis Mark
Published: January 2024

CJEU case law has long emphasized the autonomy of the EU legal order, recently triggering the foreclosure of intra-EU investment arbitration. Though academic discourse has treated this as a European peculiarity, autonomy is not unfamiliar to international law as an inherent attribute of all international organizations (IOs). This Article traces how the CJEU employed this as the basis for the development of a legal principle of significant constitutional role in safeguarding the EU’s jurisdictional integrity. First, It considers the EU conception of autonomy on the basis of two identified dimensions of IOs’ autonomy under international law. Political autonomy characterizes the scope of an IO’s powers and its independent legal personality. Institutional autonomy denotes its (im)permeability to external norms. Second, the Article examines autonomy’s different normative status under international and EU law as a legal notion and a constitutional principle, respectively. Rather than viewing the latter as an EU invention, it amounts to a Pygmalian judicial creation—the CJEU drew inspiration from a notion of international law and adapted it within the Union framework. The Article justifies these adaptations by reference to international law in light of the EU’s institutional-judicial architecture and the intertwining of autonomy with, inter alia, Article 2 TEU values.
Changes in depression trends during and after the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults in Korea
Authors: Jeong Kyu-Hyoung , Ryu Ju Hyun , Lee Seoyoon , Kim Sunghee
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to complement the previous studies conducted within a short period of time by examining the long-term trends in depression levels of older adults through a longitudinal study that includes the period following the onset of COVID-19. For analysis, this study used the data from the 12th (2017) through 16th (2021) Korea Welfare Panel Study, and 2,716 data of older adults 65 years and older were included. Variables included gender, age, equalized annual income (USD $), education background, residential area, living alone and disability status. As a result, two types of changes in depression were identified: the ‘rapidly rising’ type and the ‘steadily increasing’. We found that the lower the equalized annual income, women, the lower the education, living in urban and living alone showed a higher likelihood of belonging to the ‘rapidly rising’ type. The result suggests that those at risk of depression are at much higher risk during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. It is also necessary to provide timely and effective guidelines to prevent depression in older adults when implementing policies in response to an outbreak of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.
In vitro assessment of isopropanol leakage from antiseptic barrier caps into commonly used needleless connectors
Authors: Boissière Camille , Bacle Astrid , Pelletier Romain , Le Bouedec Diane , Gicquel Thomas , Lurton Yves , Le Daré Brendan
Published: January 2024

Background:

Needleless connectors (NCs) can be disinfected using antiseptic barrier caps (ABCs) to reduce the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections. However, recent evidence suggests that isopropanol can leak from the ABC into the NC, posing concern about their safe use. We sought to determine in vitro which ABC and NC parameters influence the leakage of isopropanol through the infusion circuit.

Methods:

We assessed 13 NCs and 4 ABCs available in the European market. In vitro circuits consisting of an isopropanol cap, a NC, and an 11-cm catheter line were created. The circuits were left in place for 1 to 7 days at room temperature to assess the kinetics of isopropanol leakage. Isopropanol content in ABC and in circuit flushing solutions (5 mL NaCl 0.9%) after exposure to the cap were measured using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector.

Results:

The leakage of isopropanol from the cap to the NC was dependent on the NC, but not the cap. The NC mechanism did not predict the leakage of isopropanol. The Q-Syte NC exhibited the most isopropanol leakage (7.01±1.03 mg and 28.32±2.62 mg at 24 hours and 7 days, respectively), whereas the Caresite NC had the lowest isopropanol leakage at 7 days (1.69±0.01 mg).

Conclusion:

The use of isopropanol ABCs can cause isopropanol leakage into the catheter circuit according to NC parameters. Caution should be exercised when using these devices, especially in the pediatric and neonatal population.
The effect of diet restriction on raw milk stability: a meta-analytical approach
Authors: Garcia Lisiane da Silveira , Bettencourt Arthur Fernandes , Aires Júlia Fernandes , Andretta Ines , Fischer Vivian
Published: January 2024

This research communication was designed to evaluate the effects of different levels of diet restriction on the composition and ethanol stability (MES) of raw bovine milk. This research was carried out using three electronic databases: Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Science. The main inclusion criteria were: (i) original research, (ii) use of alcohol (ethanol) test as a method to assess milk stability, (iii) measure different levels of feed restriction and (iv) allow access to the raw data of articles. Of the nine publications that addressed the subject filtered by the systematic review, seven fitted the selection criteria and were selected to perform the meta-analysis. Feed restriction (reduction of 20, 30, 40 and 50% of the dietary dry matter offered) decreased (P < 0.01) milk yield (−18%), ethanol stability (−5%), acidity (−4%), protein (−3%) and lactose (−2%) concentrations, but did not affect the values of pH, density, fat and total solids concentrations, nor somatic cell count. The correlation between milk yield and MES was low but positive and numerically higher in the control group compared with the restriction group. The milk of cows fed the control diet presented greater ethanol stability (76.5%) compared with milk of cows fed the restrictive diet (72.8%). This decrease by up to 4 percentage units due to restriction levels ranging from 20 to 50% of diet intake may cause limitations in milk processing at the dairy industry, increasing milk rejection.
Gastrointestinal helminths of the Australasian harrier (Circus approximans Peale, 1848) in New Zealand, and description of a new species of nematode, Procyrnea fraseri n. sp. (Habronematidae)
Authors: Presswell Bronwen , Bennett Jerusha
Published: January 2024

The Australasian harrier Circus approximans, a native of Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific, is an opportunistic hunter of small prey, although a large part of its diet consists of carrion, mainly from roadkill. Besides a record of a single, unnamed species of capillariid nematode there have been no investigations into the parasites of Australasian harriers in New Zealand. In this study, a helminthological survey of sixty-five deceased harriers from southern New Zealand uncovered a gastrointestinal helminth fauna consisting of six parasite species. Porrocaecum circinum (Nematoda) was previously described only from fragmented females, and a redescription is presented here. Procyrnea fraseri n. sp. (Nematoda) is described, and distinguished from its congeners by its slender body shape and shorter spicules. Strigea falconis (Trematoda) is reported for the first time in New Zealand. Cladotaenia anomalis (Cestoda) and Polymorphus circi (Acanthocephala) were previously described as new species elsewhere. An unnamed species of capillariid appears to be mainly confined to North Island and is rare in South Island. Prevalence and intensity metrics are given, and DNA sequences provided to accompany new re/descriptions. Potential intermediate hosts are discussed, and the origins of the helminths and their potential for pathogenicity are considered.
Active learning of the collision distance function for high-DOF multi-arm robot systems
Authors: Kim Jihwan , Park Frank Chongwoo
Published: January 2024

Motion planning for high-DOF multi-arm systems operating in complex environments remains a challenging problem, with many motion planning algorithms requiring evaluation of the minimum collision distance and its derivative. Because of the computational complexity of calculating the collision distance, recent methods have attempted to leverage data-driven machine learning methods to learn the collision distance. Because of the significant training dataset requirements for high-DOF robots, existing kernel-based methods, which require$O(N^2)$memory and computation resources, where$N$denotes the number of dataset points, often perform poorly. This paper proposes a new active learning method for learning the collision distance function that overcomes the limitations of existing methods: (i) the size of the training dataset remains fixed, with the dataset containing more points near the collision boundary as learning proceeds, and (ii) calculating collision distances in the higher-dimensional link$SE(3)^n$configuration space – here$n$denotes the number of links – leads to more accurate and robust collision distance function learning. Performance evaluations with high-DOF multi-arm robot systems demonstrate the advantages of the proposed active learning-based strategy vis-$\grave{\text{a}}$-vis existing learning-based methods.
Methodological Impasses: Facing Interrogation and Silence While Gathering Data on Sexual Violence in India
Authors: Malik Aditi , Roychowdhury Poulami
Published: January 2024

Feminist standpoint theorists highlight how relations of power and inequality impact our knowledge of the social world (Smith 1974). The hierarchical positioning of different social groups creates a world in which the experiences and perspectives of certain people are acknowledged while others are silenced (Hartsock 1998; Hekman 1997). Moreover, a researcher’s personal background—her race, gender, class, and sexuality, among other factors—condition what she is able to learn and how (Collins 2000). Together, this literature underscores how the social world—and who we are within it—shapes knowledge production.
Combatting Sexual Harassment in the Field Is Fundamental to the Research Enterprise
Authors: Clawson Rosalee A.
Published: January 2024

Field research, defined as “leaving one’s home institution in order to acquire data, information, or insights that significantly inform one’s research” (Kapiszewski, MacLean, and Read 2015, 1), is a beneficial research practice. It also is a practice with significant safety risks, including sexual harassment, that can undermine the research process and harm researchers. Thus, combatting sexual harassment in the field is fundamental to maintaining the integrity of the research enterprise.
Integrating Ethics, Methods, and the Dynamics of Power in Political Science Fieldwork
Authors: Sapiro Virginia
Published: January 2024

The articles in this symposium underscore at least three common points about understanding and combatting sexual harassment in the context of social science fieldwork:
Drivers of Air‐Sea CO2 Flux in the Subantarctic Zone Revealed by Time Series Observations
Authors: Yang Xiang , Wynn‐Edwards Cathryn A. , Strutton Peter G. , Shadwick Elizabeth H.
Published: January 2024

The subantarctic zone is an important region in the Southern Ocean with respect to its influence on air‐sea CO2 exchange and the global ocean carbon cycle. However, understanding of the magnitude and drivers of the flux are still being refined. Using observations from the Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) station (∼47°S, 142°E) and auxiliary data, we developed a multiple linear regression model to compute the sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) over the past two decades. The mean amplitude of the pCO2 seasonal cycle between 2004 and 2021 was 44 μatm (range 30–54 μatm). Summer minima ranged from 310 to 370 μatm and winter maxima were near equilibrium with the atmosphere. The non‐thermal (i.e., biological processes and mixing) contribution to the seasonal variability in pCO2 was several times larger than the thermal contribution. The SOTS region acted as a net carbon sink at annual time scales, with mean magnitude of 6.0 mmol m−2 d−1. The positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) increased ocean carbon uptake primarily through an increase in wind speed at zero time lag. Increased surface pCO2 was correlated with a positive SAM with a lag of 4 months, mainly due to reduced biological uptake and increased mixing. During the autotrophic season, pCO2 was predominantly impacted by primary productivity, whereas water mass movement, inferred by temperature and salinity anomalies, had a larger impact on the heterotrophic season. In general, mesoscale processes such as eddies and frontal movement impact the local biogeochemical features more than the SAM.
Influences of East Asian Winter Monsoon and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation Variability on the Kuroshio Intrusion to the South China Sea Over the Past 60 Years
Authors: Lin Ke , Han Tao , Zhang Yilin , Shen Chuan‐Chou , Lee Shih‐Yu , Wang Jingyu , Mohtar Ahmad T. , Huang Kuo‐Fang , Chiang Hong‐Wei , Chen Yue‐Gau , Wang Xianfeng
Published: January 2024

The Kuroshio intrusion (KI) is a northwestward‐flowing branch of the Kuroshio Current, which enters the South China Sea (SCS) and regulates its temperature, salinity, and water mass exchanges. However, limited direct observations hinder our understanding of KI's mechanisms and responses to climate change. Here, we present a 60‐year bi‐monthly resolved coral oxygen isotope (δ18Oc) record from Dongsha Atoll, the northern SCS. The dry‐season (December–March) δ18Oc record reveals interannual to decadal variabilities of the KI. The impact of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) on Dongsha δ18Oc was more pronounced during the 1970s and 1980s and after the early 2000s, while the influence of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Dongsha δ18Oc was higher between the 1980s and 1990s. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) may have a relatively minor effect on KI strength or may indirectly modulate KI strength through its influence on ENSO activities. Our Dongsha δ18Oc record highlight the importance of the EAWM, ENSO, and PDO in predicting future KI changes.
Candidates Commit to Fossil Fuels at Iowa’s Republican Debate
Authors: van Deelen Grace
Published: January 2024

On the debate stage and at a separate town hall, DeSantis, Haley, and Trump downplayed climate change in favor of energy independence.
Hydrolyzable and biocompatible aliphatic polycarbonates with ether-functionalized side chains attached via amide linkers
Authors: Fukushima Kazuki , Hakozaki Shunta , Lang Rongjian , Haga Yuta , Nakai So , Narumi Atsushi , Tanaka Masaru , Kato Takashi
Published: January 2024

Investigating polymer degradation mechanisms enables the establishment of controlled degradation techniques for the development of sustainable and recyclable materials. Hydration can play a crucial role in controlling the hydrolysis of polymers. Here, ether-functionalized aliphatic polycarbonates (APCs) susceptible to nonenzymatic hydrolysis were developed for application as biocompatible biomaterials. Among these polymers, those grafted with 2-methoxyethyl and 3-methoxypropyl side chains via an amide group were highly wettable, strongly interacted with water, and experienced almost complete hydrolysis in phosphate-buffered saline over 30 days, which was attributed to the hydrogen bonding between water and the amide/methoxy groups. In an alkaline medium, all amide-linked APCs were completely hydrolyzed within 30 days, regardless of the side-chain structure. In contrast, the nonamide-linked APCs and a representative aliphatic polycarbonate, poly(trimethylene carbonate), were minimally degraded in the buffer and experienced <31% degradation under alkaline conditions. The APC with the 3-methoxypropyl side chain exhibited platelet adhesion properties comparable to those of ether-functionalized APCs previously reported as blood-compatible polymers. Thus, our results demonstrate the effects of an amide linker on the hydration and hydrolytic properties of APCs and can help establish new design concepts for degradable polymers.
Reanalysis of genomic data, how do we do it now and what if we automate it? A qualitative study
Authors: Fehlberg Zoe , Stark Zornitza , Best Stephanie
Published: January 2024

Automating reanalysis of genomic data for undiagnosed rare disease patients presents a paradigm shift in how clinical genomics is delivered. We aimed to map the current manual and proposed automated approach to reanalysis and identify possible implementation strategies to address clinical and laboratory staff’s perceived challenges to automation. Fourteen semi-structured interviews guided by a simplified process map were conducted with clinical and laboratory staff across Australia. Individual process maps were integrated into an overview of the current process, noting variation in service delivery. Participants then mapped an automated approach and were invited to discuss perceived challenges and possible supports to automation. Responses were analysed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, linking to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change framework to identify theory-informed implementation strategies. Process mapping demonstrates how automation streamlines processes with eleven steps reduced to seven. Although participants welcomed automation, challenges were raised at six of the steps. Strategies to overcome challenges include embedding project champions, developing education materials, facilitating clinical innovation and quality monitoring tools, and altering reimbursement structures. Future work can build on these findings to develop context specific implementation strategies to guide translation of an automated approach to reanalysis to improve clinical care and patient outcomes.
Optimization of series-series compensated wireless power transfer system using alternative secondary side rectification
Authors: Zavrel Martin , Kindl Vladimir , Frivaldsky Michal , Andriukaitis Darius , Navikas Dangirutis
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on the operational analysis of wireless power transfer (WPT) system, while the topology of the secondary side rectifier represents the main element, for which the properties of WPT system are being investigated. Initially the system description and technical specifications are given. Because WPT systems are designed for a certain type and value of the load (impedance matching) in order to achieve the highest possible efficiency, the definitions for those values are identified for individual topologies of the secondary side rectifiers. Consequently, the results are compared and discussed and followed by the simulation analysis to prove the operational behavior in time-domain for each of investigated alternative of rectifier. Several relationships have been identified in relation to secondary side electrical variables, and discussion for stress-optimization are given as well. The simulation results are verified by the experimental measurements, while individual solutions for secondary side rectifiers are evaluated from efficiency point of view followed by the recommendations of the operational conditions.
Optimization of ultrasound-aided extraction of bioactive ingredients from Vitis vinifera seeds using RSM and ANFIS modeling with machine learning algorithm
Authors: Kunjiappan Selvaraj , Ramasamy Lokesh Kumar , Kannan Suthendran , Pavadai Parasuraman , Theivendren Panneerselvam , Palanisamy Ponnusamy
Published: January 2024

Plant materials are a rich source of polyphenolic compounds with interesting health-beneficial effects. The present study aimed to determine the optimized condition for maximum extraction of polyphenols from grape seeds through RSM (response surface methodology), ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system), and machine learning (ML) algorithm models. Effect of five independent variables and their ranges, particle size (X1: 0.5–1 mm), methanol concentration (X2: 60–70% in distilled water), ultrasound exposure time (X3: 18–28 min), temperature (X4: 35–45 °C), and ultrasound intensity (X5: 65–75 W cm−2) at five levels (− 2, − 1, 0, + 1, and + 2) concerning dependent variables, total phenolic content (y1; TPC), total flavonoid content (y2; TFC), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals scavenging (y3; %DPPH*sc), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radicals scavenging (y4; %ABTS*sc) and Ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential (y5; FRAP) were selected. The optimized condition was observed at X1 = 0.155 mm, X2 = 65% methanol in water, X3 = 23 min ultrasound exposure time, X4 = 40 °C, and X5 = 70 W cm−2 ultrasound intensity. Under this situation, the optimal yields of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant scavenging potential were achieved to be 670.32 mg GAE/g, 451.45 mg RE/g, 81.23% DPPH*sc, 77.39% ABTS*sc and 71.55 μg mol (Fe(II))/g FRAP. This optimal condition yielded equal experimental and expected values. A well-fitted quadratic model was recommended. Furthermore, the validated extraction parameters were optimized and compared using the ANFIS and random forest regressor-ML algorithm. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC–MS) analyses were performed to find the existence of the bioactive compounds in the optimized extract.
Expanding the known distribution of phascolartid gammaherpesvirus 1 in koalas to populations across Queensland and New South Wales
Authors: Wright Belinda R. , Casteriano Andrea , Muir Yasmine S. S. , Hulse Lyndal , Simpson Sarah J. , Legione Alistair R. , Vaz Paola K. , Devlin Joanne M. , Krockenberger Mark B. , Higgins Damien P.
Published: January 2024

Koala populations across the east coast of Australia are under threat of extinction with little known about the presence or distribution of a potential pathogen, phascolartid gammaherpesvirus 1 (PhaHV-1) across these threatened populations. Co-infections with PhaHV-1 and Chlamydia pecorum may be common and there is currently a limited understanding of the impact of these co-infections on koala health. To address these knowledge gaps, archived clinical and field-collected koala samples were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine the distribution of PhaHV-1 in previously untested populations across New South Wales and Queensland. We detected PhaHV-1 in all regions surveyed with differences in detection rate between clinical samples from rescued koalas (26%) and field-collected samples from free-living koalas (8%). This may reflect increased viral shedding in koalas that have been admitted into care. We have corroborated previous work indicating greater detection of PhaHV-1 with increasing age in koalas and an association between PhaHV-1 and C. pecorum detection. Our work highlights the need for continued surveillance of PhaHV-1 in koala populations to inform management interventions, and targeted research to understand the pathogenesis of PhaHV-1 and determine the impact of infection and co-infection with C. pecorum.
A randomized controlled trial comparing different sites of high-velocity low amplitude thrust on sensorimotor integration parameters
Authors: Niazi Imran Khan , Navid Muhammad Samran , Merkle Christopher , Amjad Imran , Kumari Nitika , Trager Robert J. , Holt Kelly , Haavik Heidi
Published: January 2024

Increasing evidence suggests that a high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) thrust directed at a dysfunctional vertebral segment in people with subclinical spinal pain alters various neurophysiological measures, including somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). We hypothesized that an HVLA thrust applied to a clinician chosen vertebral segment based on clinical indicators of vertebral dysfunction, in short, segment considered as “relevant” would significantly reduce the N30 amplitude compared to an HVLA thrust applied to a predetermined vertebral segment not based on clinical indicators of vertebral dysfunction or segment considered as “non-relevant”. In this double-blinded, active-controlled, parallel-design study, 96 adults with recurrent mild neck pain, ache, or stiffness were randomly allocated to receiving a single thrust directed at either a segment considered as “relevant” or a segment considered as “non-relevant" in their upper cervical spine. SEPs of median nerve stimulation were recorded before and immediately after a single HVLA application delivered using an adjusting instrument (Activator). A linear mixed model was used to assess changes in the N30 amplitude. A significant interaction between the site of thrust delivery and session was found (F1,840 = 9.89, p < 0.002). Pairwise comparisons showed a significant immediate decrease in the N30 complex amplitude after the application of HVLA thrust to a segment considered “relevant” (− 16.76 ± 28.32%, p = 0.005). In contrast, no significant change was observed in the group that received HVLA thrust over a segment considered “non-relevant” (p = 0.757). Cervical HVLA thrust applied to the segment considered as “relevant” altered sensorimotor parameters, while cervical HVLA thrust over the segment considered as “non-relevant” did not. This finding supports the hypothesis that spinal site targeting of HVLA interventions is important when measuring neurophysiological responses. Further studies are needed to explore the potential clinical relevance of these findings.
Assessing urban park equity in Chaoyang District, Beijing using online review data
Authors: Zou Ning , Mi Xiayuan , Xiao Yang , Li Yunyuan , Hu Nan
Published: January 2024

Urban parks are essential components of urban ecosystems, providing vital ecological resources for city residents. However, the rapid expansion of high-density urban areas has led to an unequal distribution of park resources, raising growing concerns about spatial equity. To address these challenges, we employed an improved Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method, considering park quality variations and integrating sentiment scores from park reviews to calculate a comprehensive park accessibility index, accounting for both supply and demand dynamics among park users. The results demonstrate the significance of park management, as users prioritise convenience and cleanliness of public facilities. Recreational quality significantly influences park distribution equity, with areas near Beijing’s initial greenbelt zone showing improved accessibility (IA). Nonetheless, our analysis exposes disparities in urban park resource allocation within the Chaoyang District, indicating relative inequity. Spatial supply and demand mismatches, especially in the northwest and southeast, are evident. To enhance park layout equity, we recommend strategies like identifying and repurposing underused spaces, establishing pocket parks and micro-green areas, and improving recreational facilities. It is crucial to address the needs of vulnerable groups such as older residents and children. These insights stress the importance of ensuring fair urban park access to enhance the well-being of all city residents.
Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide-commercial activated carbon nanocomposite for removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) ions and Mordant Violet 40 (MV40) dye
Authors: Mohamed Soha Mahrous Ismail , Yılmaz Murat , Güner Eda Keleş , El Nemr Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Iron Oxide-commercial activated carbon nanocomposite (CAC-IO) was prepared from commercial activated carbon (CAC) by the co-precipitation method, and the resulting nanocomposite was used as an adsorbent to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) ions and Mordant Violet 40 (MV40) dye from wastewater. The produced materials (CAC, CAC after oxidation, and CAC-IO) were comparatively characterized using FTIR, BET, SEM, EDX TEM, VSM, and XRD techniques. The adsorption mechanism of Cr6+ ions and MV40 dye on CAC-IO was examined using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.. Different models were applied to know the adsorption mechanism and it was obtained that Pseudo-second order fits the experimental data better. This means that the adsorption of the adsorbate on the nanocomposite was chemisorption. The maximum removal percent of Cr6+ ions by CAC-IO nanocomposite was 98.6% determined as 2 g L–1 adsorbent concentration, 100 mg L–1 initial pollutant concentration, solution pH = 1.6, the contact time was 3 h and the temperature was room temperature. The maximum removal percentage of Mordant Violet 40 dye (C.I. 14,745) from its solutions by CAC-IO nanocomposite was 99.92% in 100 mg L–1 of initial dye concentrations, 1.0 g L–1 of adsorbent concentration, solution pH = 2.07, the contact time was 3 h. The MV40 dye adsorption on CAC-IO was the most fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated according to the Langmuir model as 833.3 mg g–1 at 2 g L–1 of adsorbent concentration and 400 mg L–1 of initial MV40 dye concentration. The Cr6+ ions adsorption on CAC-IO was more fitted to the Freundlich model with Qmax, equal to 312.50 mg g–1 at 1 g L–1 adsorbent concentration and 400 mg L–1 of Cr6+ ions initial concentrations.
Changes in sensitivity and hedonic rating to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation following COVID-19
Authors: Błażejewski Grzegorz , Witkoś Joanna , Hartman-Petrycka Magdalena
Published: January 2024

COVID-19 affects not only the respiratory system but also other biological systems such as the nervous system. Usually, these changes are reported based on the patient's subjective description. The aim of our study, therefore, was to objectively determine the effect that the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease has on sensory threshold and the hedonic and subjective perception of an electrical stimulus. The sensory threshold was tested on the inner forearm by applying non-invasive transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) with 100 Hz and 100 µs parameters and a biphasic current waveform. The study involved 211 participants, aged 22–79 years, with a mean age of 56.9 ± 12.1 years. There were 131 subjects in the COVID group, while the NON-COVID group, the control group, was matched to the COVID group in terms of gender, age, body mass index and presence of chronic diseases. The research was carried out in 2022. Sensory sensitivity was highest in the group that had suffered with COVID-19. The median sensory sensitivity was 11 mA in the COVID group and 14 mA (p < 0.001) in the NON-COVID group, however, the current sensitivity threshold decreased over time (R = 0.52, p < 0.001). Post COVID-19, the electrical stimulus was more often perceived as unpleasant: COVID versus NON-COVID (23% vs. 3%, p < 0.001) and as a different sensation to tingling (27% vs. 2%, p < 0.001). Post-COVID-19 patients have a lower sensory threshold, the electrical stimulus is more often described as unpleasant and in subjective feelings it is more often described as pinching. The differences between COVID and NON-COVID decrease with time since the onset of COVID symptoms.
The role of the GABAergic cells of the median raphe region in reinforcement-based learning
Authors: Chaves Tiago , Török Bibiána , Fazekas Csilla , Correia Pedro , Karailiev Peter , Oravcova Henrieta , Sipos Eszter , Biró László , Haller József , Jezova Daniela , Zelena Dóra
Published: January 2024

Learning and memory are important in everyday life as well as in pathological conditions. The median raphe region (MRR) contributes to memory formation; however, its precise role and the neurotransmitters involved have yet to be elucidated. To address this issue, we stimulated the MRR neurons of mice by chemogenetic technique and studied them in the operant conditioning and active avoidance tests. The virus carrier infected a variety of neuron types including both GABAergic and glutamatergic ones. Behavior was not influenced by stimulation. We hypothesize that the lack of effect was due to opposing effects exerted via GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. Therefore, next we used VGAT-Cre mice that allowed the specific manipulation of MRR-GABAergic neurons. The stimulation did not affect behavior in the learning phase of the operant conditioning task, but increased reward preference and total responses when operant contingencies were reversed. The enhanced responsiveness might be a proclivity to impulsive behavior. Stimulation facilitated learning in the active avoidance test but did not affect reversal learning in this paradigm. Our findings suggest that MRR-GABAergic neurons are involved in both learning and reversal learning, but the type of learning that is affected depends on the task.
4-(Triethoxysilyl)butanoic acid as a self-assembled monolayer for surface modification of titanium dioxide
Authors: Lai Yu-Hsing , Lee Yan-Chang , Li Hsun-Yuan , Hsieh Wen-Hsin
Published: January 2024

4-(Triethoxysilyl)butanoic acid was used to modify TiO2 to create a self-assembled monolayer and then directionally immobilize a capture antibody using protein A.
Quinaldine Red as a fluorescent probe for determining the melting temperature (Tm) of proteins: a simple, rapid and high-throughput assay
Authors: Das Dhruv , Sen Vikram , Chakraborty Goutam , Pillai Vinayaki , Tambade Rahul , Jonnalagadda Padma Nilaya , Rao A. V. S. S. Narayana , Chittela Rajani Kant
Published: January 2024

A Quinaldine Red (QR) based method for measuring the Tm of proteins: differential binding of Quinaldine Red (QR) dye to native, partially unfolded and completely unfolded proteins allowed to measure the melting temperature (Tm) of the protein.
Theoretical study of the effects of alloying elements on TiO2/Ti2AlNb interface adhesion properties
Authors: Li Y. , Shi B. , Dai J. H. , Song Y.
Published: January 2024

The TiO2/Ti2AlNb interface bonding interactions and the effects of alloying elements were investigated via first principles calculations. Sc, Zr, and Hf are beneficial for inhibiting oxide spalling.
Insulator-to-metal transition, magnetic anisotropy, and improved TC in a ferrimagnetic La2CoIrO6: strain influence
Authors: Nazir S.
Published: January 2024

We investigate the effect of the development of biaxial [110] strain on the formation energetics, and electronic and magnetic properties of the La2CoIrO6 double perovskite oxide employing density functional theory calculations.
Thermal transport in multilayer silicon carbide nanoribbons: reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics
Authors: Zanane F. Z. , Drissi L. B. , Saidi E. H. , Bousmina M. , Fehri O. Fassi
Published: January 2024

Understanding the thermal transport characteristics of multilayered silicon carbide nanoribbons can provide guidelines for research on their thermal management in nanodevices, widening the scope of their potential application in thermoelectric and nanoelectronic devices.
Inert is not inactive: origin of carbon dioxide electroreduction activity over a carbon current collector-based electrode
Authors: Dai Minyang , Ni Wenpeng , Zeng Zhouliangzi , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yan , Wang Shuangyin , Zhang Shiguo
Published: January 2024

Commercial carbon paper (CP), a classical current collector, does not remain inert when subjected to CO2 electroreduction in a non-aqueous electrolyte.
Unlocking the local structure of hard carbon to grasp sodium-ion diffusion behavior for advanced sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Feng Xin , Li Yu , Li Ying , Liu Mingquan , Zheng Lumin , Gong Yuteng , Zhang Ripeng , Wu Feng , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying
Published: January 2024

The proposal of dispersion region can complete the HC model, explain the anomalous diffusion in the low-voltage region, guide the microstructure design of high-performance HC materials, and provide new insights into the storage mechanism of SIBs.
Mechanosynthesis of sulfonamides via a telescopic, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective process
Authors: Cuccu Federico , Porcheddu Andrea
Published: January 2024

Herein, we demonstrate a solvent-free mechanochemical approach involving a one-pot-double-step procedure mediated by solid sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl·5H2O) for the synthesis of sulfonamides.
In situ carbon stable isotope measurement for graphite using LA-MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Zhang Jihao , Li Chao , Li Xinwei , Wang Wei , Yu PengYue , Zhou Limin , Qu Wenjun
Published: January 2024

A new analysis method for carbon isotope composition of graphite via LA-MC-ICP-MS.
In vitro retardation and modulation of human insulin amyloid fibrillation by Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions
Authors: Paul Swarnali , Begum Shahnaz , Parvej Hasan , Dalui Ramkrishna , Sardar Subrata , Mondal Falguni , Sepay Nayim , Halder Umesh Chandra
Published: January 2024

Metal ions of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn can form bonds through the carboxylate, hydroxyl, thiol, and imidazole side chains of proteins and those bonds are significantly more stable than those formed by non-transition metals.
Oxidation of N-trifluoromethylthio sulfoximines using NaOCl·5H2O
Authors: Testen Žan , Jereb Marjan
Published: January 2024

N-Trifluoromethylthio sulfoximines were oxidized using NaOCl·5H2O to the corresponding novel N-trifluoromethylsulfaneylidene sulfoximines in high yields and with excellent green metrics.
Understanding the application of covalent adaptable networks in self-repair materials based on molecular simulation
Authors: Cui Xiang , Zhang Lu , Yang Yuliang , Tang Ping
Published: January 2024

We clarify the similarities and differences between Diss-CANs and Asso-CANs regarding their self-repairing capabilities, thus providing valuable insights for the efficient utilization of CANs in the development of self-repair materials.
Correction: Critical role of hydrogen bonding between microcrystalline cellulose and g-C3N4 enables highly efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Zhaoqiang , Ding Guixiang , Zhang Juntao , Lv Xianqing , Wang Peng , Shuai Li , Li Chunxue , Ni Yonghao , Liao Guangfu
Published: January 2024

Correction for ‘Critical role of hydrogen bonding between microcrystalline cellulose and g-C3N4 enables highly efficient photocatalysis’ by Zhaoqiang Wang et al., Chem. Commun., 2024, 60, 204–207, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CC04800D.
Construction of a high breathability hydrophobic–hydrophilic Janus bilayer fiber structure through chemical treatment
Authors: Sun Xiang , Zhou Baokai , Wang Lixia , Zheng Lun , Wang Dongfang , Li Qian
Published: January 2024

Hydrophobic–hydrophilic Janus-structured membranes based on a homogeneous matrix were constructed by electrospinning and chemical treatment, and exhibited excellent air permeability.
MILP/MIQCP‐Based Fully Automatic Method of Searching for Differential‐Linear Distinguishers for SIMON‐Like Ciphers
Authors: Zhou Yanyan , Wang Senpeng , Hu Bin
Published: January 2024

Differential‐linear (DL) cryptanalysis is an important cryptanalytic method in cryptography and has received extensive attention from the cryptography community since its proposal by Langford and Hellman in 1994. At CT‐RSA 2023, Bellini et al. introduced continuous difference propagations of XOR, rotation, and modulo‐addition operations and proposed a fully automatic method using Mixed‐Integer Linear Programing (MILP) and Mixed‐Integer Quadratic Constraint Programing (MIQCP) techniques to search for DL distinguishers of Addition‐Rotation‐XOR (ARX) ciphers. In this paper, we propose continuous difference propagation of AND operation and construct an MILP/MIQCP‐based fully automatic model of searching for DL distinguishers of SIMON‐like ciphers. We apply the fully automatic model to all versions of SIMON and SIMECK. As a result, for SIMON, we find 13 and 14‐round DL distinguishers of SIMON32, 15, 16, and 17‐round DL distinguishers of SIMON48, 20‐round DL distinguishers of SIMON64, 25 and 26‐round DL distinguishers of SIMON96, 31 and 32‐round DL distinguishers of SIMON128. For SIMECK, we find 14‐round DL distinguishers of SIMECK32, 17 and 18‐round DL distinguishers of SIMECK48, 22, 23, 24, and 25‐round DL distinguishers of SIMECK64. As far as we know, our results are currently the best.
Optimal power flow and computer‐based analysis of a simultaneous AC–DC power transmission system
Authors: Quayyoom Layeba , Rahman Obaidur , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi , Ahmad Akbar
Published: January 2024

Electricity demand is constantly increasing with the growing population, and the process of establishing new transmission lines has become complicated due to the rise in industrialization and urbanization. One solution to meeting this increased demand is to improve the power transfer capability by increasing the transmission voltage. However, the existing transmission lines may not be able to handle the increased load if they are pushed to their thermal limit. This paper presents a mathematical analysis of a simultaneous AC–DC transmission system transmitting power at different values of parameters. The computational analysis is carried out using MATLAB, and the circuit model simulation is validated by using power systems computer aided design (PSCAD/EMTDC). The transmitted power is evaluated by varying the transmission angle and transmission length for a fixed voltage, and then by varying the transmission angle and voltage for a fixed transmission length. Both these cases are analyzed using approximate and actual formulas. The results of the computation and simulation show close conformity.