bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEOADJUVANT RADIATION THERAPY FOR RECTAL CANCER WITH SYNCHRONOUS LIVER METASTASES (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Pochuev T. P. , Nevolskikh A. A. , Petrov L. O. , Titova L. N. , Karpov A. A.
Published: October 2021

Background. In Russia, synchronous distant metastases are annually detected in approximately 6,200 patients and synchronous liver metastases in 4,000 patients. To plan treatment for rectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases, it is necessary to consider the location of the tumor, extent of the primary tumor involvement, tumor-related complications, and resectability of metastases.

The purpose of this review was to analyze the results of studies aimed at finding the best regimens for treating rectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases.

Material and Methods. The review includes both retrospective and prospective studies devoted to treatment of rectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases. Previous reviews and clinical recommendations were analyzed.

Results. Most oncologists are in favor of preoperative radiotherapy, especially when rectal cancer is located in the lower-and middle-ampullary regions. However, there are no randomized trials with a representative number of patients to confirm or refute this point of view. Due to the increased life expectancy of patients and introduction of modern minimally invasive surgical approaches, there is an urgent need for radical treatment of rectal cancer patients. Thus, the approaches to the treatment of primary tumors with synchronous metastatic liver damage should be the same as in stage II–III of the disease, and neoadjuvant radiation therapy is an integral part of this strategy.
CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF ANTITUMOR THERAPY FOR BREAST CANCER: DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
Authors: Potievskaya V. I. , Akhobekov A. A. , Bolotina L. V. , Koroleva L. A. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: October 2021

Although significant advances have been made in breast cancer treatment resulting in improved survival, cardiovascular disease has become the main cause of disability and mortality not related to cancer recurrence. In the general population, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in both women and men. In patients with breast cancer, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is even higher than in the general population. The high incidence of cardiovascular disease in breast cancer patients is likely due to the presence of common risk factors as well as the patients with breast cancer, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is even higher than in the general population. The high incidence of cardiovascular disease in breast cancer patients is likely due to the presence of common risk factors as well as cardiotoxicity of anticancer therapy. The rise in the development of cardiovascular disease in breast cancer survivors is a major concern. This literature review will describe the incidence of cardiovascular complications with different treatment regimens for breast cancer, risk factors for their development, strategies for monitoring cardiovascular function during and after anticancer therapy, and strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity.
EVALUATION OF EXTENT OF BREAST CANCER IN A PATIENT WITH HER2/NEU OVEREXPRESSION USING A RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL BASED ON TECHNETIUM-99M-LABELED TARGET MOLECULES (CASE REPORT)
Authors: Bragina O. D. , Chernov V. I. , Zelchan R. V. , Medvedeva A. A. , Frolova I. G. , Dudnikova E. A. , Goldberg V. E. , Tolmachev V. M.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Overexpression of Her2/neu is detected in 15–20 % of patients with breast cancer and associated with an aggressive form of disease and low overall and disease-free survival rates. Currently, immunohistochemical studies (IHC) and methods of in situ hybridization are used to assess Her2/neu status. One of significant drawbacks of this detection is the impossibility of simultaneous assessment of the receptor status of the primary tumor and metastatic sites. The increasing popularity of radionuclide methods using recombinant proteins as a targeting module have already demonstrated their effectiveness in solving this question at the initial stages of clinical research.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a clinical case of assessing the extent of breast cancer in a patient with overexpression of Her2/neu using a radiopharmaceutical based on targeted protein molecules labeled with technetium-99m.

Description of the clinical case. A patient diagnosed with stage IIIA right breast cancer (T2N2M0), multicentric growth and metastases in right axillary and subclavian lymph nodes at the diagnostic stage was injected intravenously with 99mTc-ADAPT6 radiopharmaceutical. The drug was prepared in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Research Cancer Institute (Tomsk) immediately before its administration. Planar scintigraphy and singlephoton emission tomography of the chest organs were performed 2 hours after injection of 99mTc-ADAPT6 radiopharmaceutical. In addition to the previously described tumors, 3 foci of hyperfixation of the tracer in the projection of the 5th rib on the right along the middle-clavicular line, as well as in the projection of the 8 and 9 thoracic vertebrae (Th VIII, IX) were found. Computed tomography of the chest organs and bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-pyrophosphate showed no metastases in the 5th rib on the right and Th VIII, IX. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine revealed 2 metastatic foci in Th VIII, IX. Planar scintigraphy with 99mTc-pyrophosphate and CT performed 6 months after injection of 99mTc-ADAPT6 revealed previously described foci in the projection of the thoracic spine (Th VIII, IX) and 5 ribs on the right along the mid-clavicular line. Conclusion. The results demonstrated during the study suggest that 99mTc-ADAPT6 is a promising tracer for molecular imaging of tumor foci with overexpression of the Her2/neu receptor in breast cancer patients.
CASE REPORT OF TWO SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY OUTCOMES AFTER RADICAL TRACHELECTOMY
Authors: Chernyshova A. L. , Kоlomiets L. A. , Chernov V. I. , Trushuk Y. M. , Podolko D. V. , Mаrchenko E. S. , Chekalkin T. L. , Аntipov V. A.
Published: October 2021

Currently, the development and implementation of organ-preserving methods for patients of reproductive age are the treatment priorities in modern oncology. We report a case of two successful pregnancy outcomes in a 29-year-old patient with stage IB invasive cervical cancer, who underwent laparoscopic radical trachelectomy using high-tech diagnostic and treatment techniques. Alotech, an innovative radiopharmaceutical, and Rad Pointer laparoscopic gamma scanner were used for intraoperative detection of sentinel lymph nodes. In addition, a uterine obturator was formed during surgery using a titanium nickelide shape memory implant. This case showed the feasibility of preserving the uterus after delivery by caesarean section, with no evidence of tumor recurrence according to the findings of intraoperative morphological examination.
LOBE-SPECIFIC METASTASIS IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
Authors: Aksarin A. A. , Ter-Ovanesov M. D. , Mordovsky A. A. , Kopeyka S. M. , Troyan P. P.
Published: October 2021

Aim: to identify the pathways of lymph node metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Material and Methods. The frequency of mediastinal lymph node metastases and treatment outcomes were analyzed in 327 patients with stage I–III non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), who underwent lung resection with systematic lymph node dissection (SLND) between 2007 and 2011.

Results. In cases with tumor location in any lobe of the right lung, metastasis occurred in the superior and inferior mediastinal lymph nodes. In left-side tumors, the main pathways of lymphatic spread of tumors were superior and inferior mediastinal nodes as well as aortic lymph nodes. Left lower lobe tumors metastasized most often to inferior mediastinal lymph nodes. Skip metastases were observed at any location of the tumor. Routine examination of all ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes overstaged NSCLC in 19.5 % of cases. The overall 5-and 10-year survival rates in patients with stage I–III NSCLC with SND were 61.5 % and 49.2 %, respectively. The median survival time was 103 months.

Conclusion. Despite typical metastatic patterns of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with NSCLC, non-specific metastasis was observed at any location of the tumor, which required mandatory systematic nodal dissection.
ANALYSIS OF CANCER INCIDENCE AMONG EMPLOYEES OF SIBERIAN GROUP OF CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Kalinkin D. E. , Takhauov R. M. , Milto I. V. , Karpov A. B. , Takhauova L. R. , Zhuikova L. D. , Ananina O. A.
Published: October 2021

Background. One of the main directions in the field of ensuring radiation safety of “nuclear legacy” facilities is the assessment of radiation effects and most significant radiogenic risks in employees of nuclear enterprises and their descendants.

Objective. Analysis of the cancer incidence among employees of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises (SGCE) exposed to ionizing radiation in the course of their professional activities.

Material and Methods. The actual values and standardized estimated risks of developing cancer among the SGCE workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation were calculated using generally accepted methods based on the information of the regional medical dosimetry registry of Seversk Biophysical Research Center of FMBA, containing updated data on all SGCE employees diagnosed with cancer (period from 01.01.1950 to 31.12.2015 inclusive). The control group consisted of workers who were not occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation.

Results. Among the male personnel of the SGCE, the highest incidence of cancer of the digestive, respiratory, and skin organs (including melanoma) was observed in patients aged 50–59 and 70–79 years. Among the female workers, the highest cancer incidence was in the age group 40–49 years; cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, genital tract and breast was the most common. The cancer incidence rate in the SGCE workers who occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was not higher that that observed in the control group. The median age of male cancer patients occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was significantly lower than the median age of male cancer patients of the control group. In female cancer patients, a significant difference in the median age of cancer diagnosis was found only in relation to skin cancer. Both male and female SGCE personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was at high risk of certain cancers: among male patients – cancer of the mesothelium and soft tissues, genital organs, eyes and brain, as well as multiple primary tumors; among female patients – cancer of lips, oral cavity, pharynx, digestive system, respiratory system, skin (including melanoma), mesothelium, soft tissues, breast, urinary tract, lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues, as well as multiple primary tumors.

Conclusion. The data obtained will allow determination of the main directions for assessing the health risks of personnel of radiation hazardous facilities and the formation of a set of measures aimed at improving the system of protection and improving the health of workers at radiation hazardous enterprises and the extension of their working longevity.
DETECTION OF SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN THE BRAF GENE BY PYROSEQUENCING
Authors: Dribnokhodova O. P. , Dunaeva E. A. , Leshkina G. V. , Yarygina E. A. , Bukharina A. Yu. , Voiciehovskaya Ya. A. , Borisova E. V. , Bormotova S. K. , Daoud A. I. , Khlavich V. N. , Mironov K. O.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Detection of somatic mutations in the BRAF gene can be used in clinical oncology to clarify the diagnosis, select therapy and assess the prognosis of the disease. Pyrosequencing technology makes it possible to identify both already known and new mutations, as well as to determine the mutant allele ratio in the sample.

The aim of the study was to develop the pyrosequencing-based method for detecting mutations in 592–601 codons of the BRAF gene.

Material and Methods. The nucleotide sequences were obtained using «PyroMark Q24» instrument. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were estimated using dilutions of plasmid DNA samples containing the intact BRAF gene fragment mixed with sequence containing one of the mutations V600E, V600R, V600K, V600M, and K601E. The clinical testing was performed on 200 samples from thyroid nodules.

Results. The developed method makes it possible to determine samples containing 2 % of the mutant allele for mutations V600K and V600R, 3 % for V600E and V600M, and 10 % for K601E. The pyrogram signal values for samples without mutations ranged from 0 to 19.5 % for different mutations. An analysis algorithm was developed to confirm the presence and differentiation of mutations in the 600 codon at a low proportion of the mutant allele based on the signals ratio on the pyrogram. The 47 clinical samples with mutations were found, 45 with V600E and 1 with V600_K601>E, for one sample, the type of mutation in the 600 codon could not be determined. The proportion of the mutant allele was 3.5–45 %. The concentration of extracted DNA less than 10 copies per mkl was obtained in 47 samples, of which 8 samples were found to have the mutations.

Conclusion. The pyrosequencing-based method was developed for the detection of somatic mutations in 592–601 codons of the BRAF gene. The technique provided sufficient sensitivity to detect frequent mutations in the 600 codon and allowed the detection of rare mutations. Extraction of DNA from clinical samples obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy in most cases provided a sufficient concentration of DNA, which made it possible to use the technique in combination with cytological analysis without additional sampling. This approach can be applied to determine somatic mutations in DNA fragments of same length for other oncogenes.
INFLUENCE OF UNILATERAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION ON THE TUMOR-BEARING RATS WITH THE FEATURES OF SYSTEMIC REGULATION
Authors: Kit O. I. , Zhukova G. V. , Shikhlyarova A. I. , Goncharova A. S. , Tkachev S. Yu. , Protasova T. P. , Lukbanova E. A. , Mindar M. V.
Published: October 2021

The issue of factors that modify the tumor process stays relevant. The effect of unilateral sciatic nerve ligation on the growth of Guerin's transplantable carcinoma and the lifespan of white outbred rats of the same age, which differed in adaptation status and aging rates, was studied.

Material and Methods. The motor activity (open field test), the character and tension of the general nonspecific adaptional reactions of the body (AR) according to Garkavi–Kvakina–Ukolova, the dynamics of tumor sizes and the lifespan of rats after Guerin’s carcinoma transplantation were evaluated.

Results. The effect of unilateral sciatic nerve ligation differed from the unidirectional negative effects known in tumor-bearing animals after bilateral ligation of the sciatic nerve. In groups with unilateral ligation of the sciatic nerve and a false operation, more than 40 % of animals showed an increase in lifespan compared with the maximum lifespan in the control group. At the same time, in the most cases, the tumor growth rate was similar to the control indicators or exceeded them (more 25 % of cases). A temporary inhibition of tumor growth was observed only in individual animals. There was no direct relationship between tumor growth or lifespan and the degree of decrease in the motor activity of animals 4 weeks after nerve ligation. A correlation between the changes in the ARs and lifespans of animals and, to a lesser extent, the dynamics of tumor growth was observed. The distinct negative effect of increased aging rate, measured by animal weight, on tumor development and lifespan in studied rats was shown, but not in the cases of sciatic nerve ligation. Unilateral sciatic nerve ligation had a multidirectional effect on tumor growth and lifespan in rats with different rates of aging, depending, probably, on the individual pain sensitivity and the individual features of systemic regulation of tumor-bearing animals.

Conclusion. The results reflect the complex relationship between processes associated with chronic pain, oncogenesis, aging and features of neuroendocrine and immune regulation of experimental animals. The question of the reasons for the preservation of viability in animals that underwent surgery and ligation of the sciatic nerve, when the tumors reach large sizes, exceeding this indicator in the control group, needs to be clarified.
Retrofitting in Fabric Finishing Machine - Sanforizadeira
Authors: Araújo Madson do Nascimento , Guimarães Batista Josias , Moreira André Pimentel , Barbosa Danielle Alves , Da Silva Linconl Lobo
Published: October 2021

With the advancement of technology in all fields, mainly in the industrial sector, which is manifested in more modern and self-contained equipment. Many equipment in the industry are obsolete with the electrical and electronic parts, but the mechanical parts are in perfect condition and can often be used for a long time. This paper demonstrates the retrofitting of a fabric finishing machine (Sanforizadeira) in the textile process thet was obsolete. In these conditions, it became necessary to retrofit the automation system. Through the study of the machine and the process, involving the fields of production and mechanical maintenance, the critical points and the improvements that should be implemented were found, thus raising the materials needed to carry out the work. The automation system was modernized, the control panels were replaced and improvements were implemented. The final result was achieved through the objectives outlined in this work, guaranteeing the company a system with considerable improvements, with a reduction in the number of stops and time spent for maintenance. The results were demonstrated by the graphs of the maintenance indicators. Comparing the before and after retrofitting, the following indicators were analyzed for six months: Failure rate, with an average reduction of 50\% in the failure rate per hour; Mean time between failures, showed an average increase of 140 hours in the prediction of the next failures; Average time to repair, presented an average reduction of thirteen minutes in the resolution of the failures; Availability, there was a 16\% increase in the availability of the machine, leaving the indicator above 90\% where the ideal is 100\%. Finally, the total cost of the project represented only 9.5\% of the total value of a new machine, being also considered a positive result for the work.
Desenvolvimento de um controlador Fuzzy-PID aplicado à uma ventoinha
Authors: Ribeiro Bryan de Oliveira , Silva Guilherme Ricardo , Siqueira Hugo Valadares , Corrêa Fernanda Cristina
Published: October 2021

Plantas que operam em malha aberta, ou seja, sem sensoriamento e controle, tendem a ser muito sensíveis a perturbações, além de normalmente não apresentarem desempenho transitório adequado em diversas implementações. Assim sendo, este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo de caso sobre a aplicação de estratégias de controle PID e controle híbrido FUZZY-PID aplicados à uma ventoinha de computador. O presente trabalho fornece uma análise sobre o comportamento, parametrização, e principais diferenças apresentadas no comportamento dessa planta. A partir dos resultados, nota-se que com um controle adaptativo bem sintonizado é possível obter melhores parâmetros de desempenho, entretanto o desenvolvimento de um projeto como este nem sempre é a melhor solução custo-benefício, em função de sua complexidade de desenvolvimento.
Ganho Programado Tradicional e Rede de Controladores com Supervisão Fuzzy Aplicados a Sistemas Não-Lineares: um Comparativo
Authors: Claude Gustavo Freire de Moura , Castro Luis Augusto Mesquita , Silveira Antonio da Silva
Published: October 2021

Neste trabalho são comparados o desempenho entre controladores por ganho programado tradicional e uma rede de controladores locais com supervisão fuzzy. As análises são realizadas em dois sistemas: uma válvula não linear e uma planta Motor-Tacogerador. O ganho programado é uma estratégia de controle na qual os parâmetros do controlador podem variar em função das condições de operação do sistema, esta variação é abrupta, pois as condições de operação são divididas em faixas associadas a controladores de parâmetros fixos previamente projetados. A supervisão fuzzy é inserida de forma a atenuar essas mudanças bruscas, ponderando os valores dos controladores estáticos para encontrar um novo conjunto de parâmetros a cada instante de tempo. Sistemas fuzzy de Takagi-Sugeno desenvolvidos na toolboox de fuzzy do Matlab® foram utilizados para a atualização desses controladores. Através da análise de índices de desempenho, concluiu-se que a inserção da supervisão fuzzy melhora o desempenho dos sistemas, reduzindo o erro acumulado, quando comparados com o ganho programado tradicional.
Machine Learning based sampling of X-Ray images for a computer-aided detection of Tuberculosis
Authors: Ferreira Fernando , Gaspar Philipp , Oliveira Lukas Müller , Torres Rodrigo , Araújo Micael Veríssimo , Covas Carlos Eduardo , Bastos Mayara , Trajamn Anete , Seixas José Manoel
Published: October 2021

Computer Aided Detection software relies on an annotated data set of X-rays to be developed. The annotation task requires extensive know-how and it is very time-consuming. This work presents a sampling method to select the most relevant images which will be annotated for the development of Tuberculosis screening platform based on machine learning algorithms. The sampling task optimizes the annotation process by reducing the number of images to be analyzed without compromising the diversity and the significance power of the images in the dataset. In this context, the image relevance is based on similarity and dissimilarity measurements. The experiment consisted in a deep learning feature engineering step, followed by topological analysis based on Self-Organizing Map and K-Means.
Fuzzy C-Means com Método Wrapper Com Baixo Custo Computacional de Seleção de Atributos
Authors: Santos Gabriel Marcondes , Affonso Emmanuel Tavares Ferreira , Silva Alisson Marques , Moita Gray Farias
Published: October 2021

Nowadays the Computational Intelligence (IC) algorithms have shown a lot of efficiency in pattern classification and recognition processes. However, some databases may contain irrelevant attributes that may be detrimental to the learning of the classification model. In order to detect and exclude input attributes with little representativeness in the data sets presented to the classification algorithms, the Features Selection (FS) methods are commonly used. The goal of features selection methods is to minimize the number of input attributes processed by a classifier in order to improve its assertiveness. In this way, this work aims to analyze solutions to classification problems with three different classification algorithms. The first approach used for classification is the unsupervised Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm, the second approach is a supervised version of FCM and the third approach is a variation of supervised FCM with features selection. The method of features selection incorporated in FCM is called the Mean Ratio Feature Selection (MRFS), and was developed with the objective of being a method with low computational cost, without need for complex mathematical equations and can be easily incorporated into any classifier. For the experiments, the three versions of the unsupervised FCM, supervised FCM and FCM with attribute selection were performed with the aim of verifying whether there would be a significant improvement between the variations of the FCM. The results of the experiments showed that FCM with MRFS is promising, with results superior to the original algorithm and also to its supervised version.
Innovative use of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) press cake in the food industry
Authors: Sheir Marwa A.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Date press cake is a waste product of date juice making that can lead to potentially serious environmental problems if discarded in large amounts in open areas. Therefore, it needs to be utilized. Our study aimed to investigate the possibilities of using date press cake powder to formulate innovative ready-to-eat products – vegan biscuits and vegan protein bars.

Study objects and methods. The food products under study were subjected to a palatability test, a nutritional value evaluation, a texture profile analysis, and a scanning electron microscopy, as well as a microbiological assay performed during 8 months of storage.

Results and discussion. The palatability test showed that the biscuits supplemented with 10% date press cake had the best acceptable preference, compared to control, 5 and 15% date press cake samples. Our innovative vegan protein bar scored highest in overall acceptability, flavor, taste, texture, and willingness to buy, compared to the commercial vegan protein bar. Overall, our study showed that both of our products were safe to consume within 8 months. Additionally, our innovative protein bar and fortified biscuits had high proportions of the recommended dietary allowances for most nutrients for adolescents and athletes, especially for vegetarians.

Conclusion. Date press cake can be successfully used as a food ingredient to produce new formulations of vegan protein bars. Additionally, it can be used as an alternative ingredient to improve the nutritional quality of vegan biscuits.
FARMERS’ LIVELIHOODS STRATEGY BASED ON ASSET IN PANDANSARI VILLAGE POST ERUPTION OF MOUNT KELUD
Authors: Illu Abraham Ruylthon , Muhaimin Abdul Wahib , Setiawan Budi
Published: October 2021

This study examines farmers' livelihood strategies based on livelihood assets in Pandansari Village, Ngantang District, Malang Regency. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach using a Likert scale. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews using questionnaires and field observations, while secondary data were obtained through literature studies from various related sources. The location was determined purposively with the consideration that Pandansari Village was the area in Ngantang District that was the worst affected by the eruption of Mount Kelud. Seventy-five farmers with simple random sampling technique were selected as respondents in this study. The respondents' livelihood assets include human capital, natural capital, social capital, financial capital, and physical capital. Meanwhile, livelihood strategies are classified into survival strategies, consolidation strategies and accumulation strategies. The results show that the most vital livelihood asset is social capital, while the indicator for natural capital is the weakest. The strongest indicator of the farmer's livelihood strategy in Pandansari Village is the consolidation strategy.
THE INFLUENCE OF STORE ATMOSPHERE ON REVISIT INTENTION AT SHOPPING TOURISM
Authors: Nabila Dwi Febrianty , Setiawan Budi , Riana Fitria Dina
Published: October 2021

The tourism sector in Indonesia is growing rapidly, so the level of competition is getting higher. Shopping tourism is as one of the industries that is able to attract tourists must innovate considering the products that are sold are the same and the storeping behavior of tourists is different. This study used SEM-PLS analysis and was conducted on 110 respondents who visited Shopping Tourism in Batu city. The results showed that a well-designed store atmosphere can stimulate positive emotions of tourists, provide comfort when shopping so as to create a memorable experience, and make tourists intend to visit again in the future. This study, not only provides recommendations for creating the right store atmosphere for retailers, but also provides information on understanding the storeping behavior of tourists.
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF ORGANIC RICE IN SUMBERNGEPOH VILLAGE, LAWANG SUB DISTRICT, MALANG DISTRICT
Authors: Narendar Agil , Hanani Nuhfil , Syafrial S
Published: October 2021

Rice plants have a proportion of 6 percent or fifth in the world's classification of organic cereal crops (Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, 2017). The problem in organic rice farming is that production and productivity tend to be lower than those of non-organic rice. In addition to the transition from agriculture to organic farming, the factor of input use also has a big influence. This study aims to analyze the level of technical efficiency and the value of organic rice input. The census sample consisted of 45 organic rice farmers. The data used is data in the 2016-2017 rainy season. The data analysis method uses DEA analysis with the assumption of CRS Input. Based on the results of the analysis, farmers are not yet technically efficient because they have an average technical efficiency value of less than 1, which is 0.879. The number of technically efficient farmers with a TE value of 1 is 13 farmers, while the number of farmers who are inefficient is 32 farmers with a TE value of <1. There are slack values such as seeds 3.15 Kg/Ha, solid organic fertilizer 276.58 Kg/Ha, liquid organic fertilizer 1.07 L/Ha, green manure 505.10 Kg/Ha, vegetable pesticides 1.25 L/Ha, and 6.67 daily workers/ha. In addition, there are projected input values, namely seeds 28.66 Kg/Ha, solid organic fertilizer 2170.30 Kg/Ha, liquid organic fertilizer 10.23 L/Ha, green manure 7048.76 Kg/Ha, vegetable pesticides 9.61 L /Ha, and Labor 185.80 daily workers/Ha. Furthermore, the projected value of this input is a recommendation to farmers so that they can be technically efficient.
ANALYSIS OF MARKET STRUCTURE, CONDUCT AND PERFORMANCE OF COPRA IN PARIGI – MOUTONG REGENCY
Authors: Kurniawan Hendra , Anindita Ratya , Maulidah Silvana
Published: October 2021

This study aims to find out and investigate how copra farmers receive in Parigi – Moutong Regency. In this study the data used is primary data and secondary data, primary data is taken using questionnaire list. This research uses IHH and CR4 analysis approach, with the aim to find out the market share and market formed in each copra marketing institution in Parigi – Moutong Regency. The results of the research showed from the results of the analysis conducted is the market formed in copra farmers institutions are a perfect competition market, in the institution of traders collectors (middlemen) market formed is a monopoly market, just as the market formed in large traders is also monopoly. The cr4 value obtained is farmers by 30.82%, collectors by 100%, large traders by 100%. From the results obtained the structure of the market is already affecting the market counduct copra, where the merchant become the determinant haraga copra is a collector to be the recipient of the price.in addition, traders do bond in terms of capital (dwon paymen).Copra market performance is inefficient, where copra farmers in Parigi – Moutong are more dominant in selling copra in three marketing lines that have many marketing agencies involved, with a margin of Rp 2,000. referring to the results, it is fair that the weak still of farmers reaching the market information, especially prices, as a result of the share received by farmers is low. Related to this, there needs to be strengthening in farmers institutions related to copra marketing system.
The Prothrombotic Predominance in Metabolic Syndrome: A Complex Pathomechanism
Authors: Rusnanta Fahmy , Saifur Rohman Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) have many cardiovascular complications related to atherothrombotic complications. MS contributes premature atherosclerosis, increases platelet activation, promotes coagulation factors, and reduces fibrinolytic activity. The last step in the atherothrombotic cascade is blood clot formation, and altered clot structure is a key role to determine cardiovascular complications. The MS, caused in part by an excess of atherosclerosis and in part by fibrinolytic dysfunction, is profoundly related to an excess of CVD. These combinations of factors involved in MS parameters contribute the increased propensity of people with MS to develop atherothrombosis and fibrinolysis. Awareness and preventive measures are important to improve outcomes in patients with MS.
The Role of STEMI Communication Network with Major Adverse Cardiac Event Incidence in STEMI Patients Hospitalized in Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang
Authors: Prastya Wikananda Adhika , Kartika Lenny , Hendrawan Dadang , Martini Heny , Saifur Rohman Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Background : Patient with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) requires urgent reperfusion either with fibrinolytic or primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). In Malang, a communication network of STEMI has been developed. It connects Saiful Anwar General Hospital with all of the Public Health Centers (PHC) in Malang Raya to shorten system delay since 2015. Objective : To elucidate Malang’s communication network’s role in decreasing Major Adverse Cardiac Event (MACE) in STEMI patients. Methods : This is a retrospective cohort study. Study sample was taken from medical record. Non-network: 96 patients and 88 network patients. Statistical tests using SPSS version 20.0 software. Results : Bivariate analysis showed network-group has a significantly lower MACE (p=0.001). Door-to-balloon time was also lower in network-group (p=0.026). Multivariate analysis without confounder showed that network-group had significantly shorter door-to-reperfusion time (p=0.032) and lower MACE (p=0.035) compared to non-network group. But multivariate analysis with confounder door-to-balloon and door-to-needle failed to explain lower MACE incidence. Network-group (p=0.005) and reperfusion with primary PCI (p=0.05) significantly decreased MACE incidence. Conclusion : Malang’s STEMI communication network and reperfusion with primary PCI reduced MACE in STEMI patients in Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang.
The Combination of Oral PDE5-Inhibitor (Sildenafil) And Oral Prostacy- clin Analogue (Beraphrost) Therapy for Increasing Quality of Life in Adults with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Related to Uncorrected Secundum Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Martini Heny , Rizki Fadlan Muhammad , Isna Nurudinulloh Akhmad
Published: October 2021

Background : Sildenafil, an oral phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor, has vasodilatory effects through a cyclic guanosine 3,5-monophosphate–dependent mechanism, whereas beraprost, an oral prostacyclin analog, induces vasorelaxation through a cAMP-dependent mechanism. This combination has often used but there was little detailed study on it Objectives : To investigate whether the combination of oral sildenafil and beraprost is superior to sildenafil alone in in adult patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertention (PAH) related uncorrected secundum Atrial Septal Defect (ASD). Methods : Patients with secundum ASD who developed PAH divided into two group. Group A received oral sildenafil 3x40 mg and oral beraphrost 3x20 mcg. Group B received oral sildenafil only 3x40 mg in a 12-week. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was recorded by patients using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form (SF-36) questionnaires at baseline and after 12 of therapy. Therapy adherence was achieved through a series of phone calls and a four-weekly hospital visit. Every normal follow-up appointment included an examina- tion of side effects and a dosage modification based on the clinical situation Results: We didn’t found any significant of proportion different in cofounding factor between groups. Compared with Group B, Group A had better functional capacity, limitation to physical health, energy fatigue, pain, and health change (P=0.00, P=0.03, P=0.044, P=0.026, P=0.008, respectively). Conclusion: Combination between oral sildenafil therapy 40 mg three times per day and beraphrost 20 mcg two times per day significantly increase the HRQoL in PAH patients in uncorrected secundum ASD compared sildena- fil alone
Management of Antithrombotic Therapy in Post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Patient Undergoing Pericardiostomy due to Large Pericardial Effusion: A Case Report
Authors: Irawan Dedy , Widito Sasmojo , Saifur Rohman Mohammad , Tri Tjahjono Cholid
Published: October 2021

Background : Stent thrombosis is a serious complication following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is necessary to avoid it. Surgery, on the other hand, is a common cause for stopping DAPT. Because patients were exposed to the possibility of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) when DAPT was stopped, this circumstance poses a clinical dilemma. Objective : This case report aimed to describe the management of antithrombotic therapy in post PCI patient requiring DAPT who underwent pericardiostomy. Case : A 69-year-old woman with large pericardial effusion without cardiac tamponade, breast cancer on chemo- therapy, heart failure stage C NYHA functional class II, chronic coronary syndrome post-DES implantation at proximal-mid LAD, and hypertension. The patient underwent pericardiotomy procedures five days after DAPT discontinuation. For the bridging therapy, continuous UFH administration was initiated at a dose of 18 IU/kg/hour after the cessation of DAPT. The UFH dose was adjusted to achieve activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 1.5 to 2.0 times the control value. The UFH was discontinued 6 hours before surgery. After surgery, UFH infusion was restarted 6 hours after the confirmation of hemostasis. The administration of UFH then continued until three days after DAPT was restarted. No complications were found during and after the pericar- diostomy. Conclusion : We reported an antithrombotic treatment strategy in a post PCI patient undergoing pericardiostomy with discontinuation of DAPT, which was successfully treated with UFH without any complication. The UFH has been widely used in perioperative settings as a bridging therapy during the interruption of DAPT and may be considered in this condition.
On Turkey's Policy to Solidify Its Presence in the Northern Territories of Syria
Authors:   Russian Embassy in Turkey, Kasimova Irina Sayyarovna
Published: October 2021

Turkey is one of the most active participants of the Syrian conflict that broke out in 2011. Among the priorities proclaimed by Ankara is the preservation of security and stability on the long Turkish-Syrian frontier that are under a long-term threat posed by the Syrian offshoots of the Kurdi-stan Workers' Party (PKK) recognized by Ankara as a terrorist organization. The article attempts to review and analyze the steps taken by Ankara to socially and economically restore the territories where the Turkish army, together with the armed Syrian opposition, held operations Euphrates Shield, Olive Branch, and Source of Peace (2016–2019) and which, in actual fact, remain occupied. The author concludes that in the context of the ongoing Syrian conflict and uncertainty around the political process to resolve the situation in the country, Turkey is carrying out systematic, compre-hensive work to expand its influence in the Northern Syrian territories which is not always approved by the local population. Close historical and geographical ties between the peoples of the two states, a unifying factor of Islamic faith and Muslim values have become one of the prerequisite for Anka-ra's “successful” policy in the north of Syria.
The Islamic Factor in the Struggle for the Paths of Dagestan Development in the Conditions of the 1917 Revolution
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Sulaev Imanutdin Khabibovich
Published: October 2021

The article examines the revolutionary events of 1917 in Dagestan from the standpoint of legal awareness of Muslim public figures and clergy and their participation in the socio-political life of the region. The events had both common for the entire Russia and specific features due to the level of socio-economic and political development of the region and the role of Islam in its society. The article examines how the turbulent revolutionary time brought authoritative Muslim leaders to the political scene. Later, they aspired to develop their own tactics and strategy in order to influence the course of events in Dagestan after the February Revolution of 1917. Each representative of the secular and spiritual intelligentsia had their own attitude to the political forces that emerged during the struggle for the revolutionary democracy. The author notes such a characteristic feature of the revolutionary democracy of 1917 in Dagestan as the active involvement of the Muslim clergy in the new government institutions, their appeal to Islam and Sharia when clarifying and resolving various issues of socio-political importance. It is shown that the most important and discussed issue was the election of the head of the Caucasian Spiritual Board of Muslims from among muftis or imams by the Muslims of Dagestan and the North Caucasus. The healthy socio-political forces of the region aspired to preserve law and order in the region appealing to Sharia and Islam.
Crime under Islamic Law: Definition, Relation with Sins, and Classification
Authors:   Higher School of Economics, Kuliev Dzhamali Tofikovich
Published: October 2021

This article appears to be the result of extensive research dedicated to the question of the correct use of the common language while studying Islamic legal culture, and particularly the con-cepts of sin and crime. Consisting of the Quran and Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, Sharia turns out to be the basis for fiqh and Islamic law. The latter is a legal phenomenon implying differ-ent legal concepts such as crimes. As we can see from the legal works analysed, the authors often synonymise the terms ‘sin’ and ‘crime’; at the same time it is strongly recommended to differentiate these terms in the context of Sharia, fiqh and Islamic law. However, in our opinion, it is necessary to distinguish between these two categories, since Sharia that deals only with sins is a set of reli-gious norms not relevant to law and jurisprudence. There is no doubt that Sharia norms can be re-flected in the law, but it is just another evidence of Islamic law to be based on Sharia. Quite the con-trary, crime is a legal concept established by legislation. There are times when Sharia, legislation and legal doctrines coincide, and the same act can be considered both as a sin and as a crime, but it does not mean that they are identified. Thus, the novelty of the study consists in the distinction between the concepts of ‘sin’ and ‘crime’ in Sharia and Islamic Law. Besides, having finished the research in such categories as ‘qisas’, ‘diya’ and ‘tazir’, the author comes to a conclusion that the states which hold themselves out to be ‘Islamic’ ought to include these types in their legislation. Elsewise, such states do not have the right to be called ‘Islamic’.
Groupe Cynorhodon (coord.). (2020). Dictionnaire critique de l’anthropocène
Authors: Mendes João
Published: October 2021

Recensão de livro.
Granos de almidón del endospermo de Andropogon, Arthraxon hispidus, e Hyparrhenia rufa (Andropogoneae, Panicoideae, Poaceae)
Authors: Sánchez Ken Jorge Gabriel
Published: October 2021

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Las gramíneas tienen cinco tipos diferentes de morfología de granos de almidón del endospermo; sin embargo, debido a la alta diversidad dentro de la familia, la morfología de los granos de almidón generalmente está representada por una o dos especies. Para géneros como Andropogon (Andropogoneae), se ha reportado que tiene al menos tres tipos de granos de endospermo; sin embargo, la mayoría de las especies que fueron revisadas han sido transferidas a otros géneros. Por lo tanto, la pregunta de si el género tiene uno o más tipos de morfología de los granos de almidón del endospermo, aún permanece sin contestar.
Métodos: Se removieron entre cuatro y ocho cariópsides maduras de especímenes depositados en el herbario IEB y de algunas especies que fueron monitoreadas en el campo hasta que tuvieran cariópsides maduras. Las cariópsides fueron fijadas en una placa con una gota de adhesivo blanco Resistol® o resina. Se hicieron los cortes con una navaja de rasurar muy delgada. Los cortes se tiñeron con una gota diluida de solución Lugol, se observaron al microscopio y se tomaron fotografías a diferentes amplificaciones.
Resultados clave: Todas las especies de Andropogon tienen solo un tipo de morfología de granos de almidón, el tipo-Andropogon. En todas las especies los granos de almidón simples son más abundantes que los compuestos, excepto A. tenuispatheus donde sucede lo contrario. Las otras dos especies revisadas, Arthraxon hispidus e Hyparrhenia rufa tienen tipo-Andropogon y tipo-Panicum, respectivamente.
Conclusiones: Hasta este momento, se confirma que todas las especies revisadas tienen un solo tipo de morfología (tipo-Andropogon) de granos de almidón del endospermo. Existe variación en el tamaño, distribución de tamaños y formas de granos de almidón entre las especies. Andropogon gayanus es la única especie que tiene granos de almidón grandes hasta 28 µm, mientras que en las otras especies estos pueden medir hasta 15 µm de diámetro.
Зависимость температуры сублимации образующихся в пламенах сажевых частиц от их размеров и структуры
Authors: Гуренцов Е.В. , Дракон А.В. , Еремин А.В. , Колотушкин Р.Н. , Михеева Е.Ю.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the dependence of the sublimation temperature of soot particles synthesized during the combustion of various hydrocarbons, depending on their size and structure, is obtained. The experimental approach is based on the analysis of the thermal radiation of particles heated to the sublimation temperature by a nanosecond laser pulse. The sublimation temperature of soot particles was measured using the two-color pyrometry method. In this paper, it is proposed to use the average size of primary particles to compare data in different flames. It is established, that the sublimation temperature of soot particles depends mainly on the stage of their formation, which is characterized by an increase in average size. It is shown, that with an increase in the average particle size from 12 to 23 nm, their sublimation temperature increases significantly from 2700 to 4500 K. This reflects a significant difference in the thermodynamic and optical properties of the so-called "young" and "mature" soot particles, which must be taken into account when developing methods of soot diagnostics and in the thermo-physical analysis of combustion and pyrolysis processes with the formation of soot.
Формирование состава и характеристик поверхности хромоникелевой стали 12Х18Н10Т при лазерном модифицировании в слое экспериментальной легирующей обмазки
Authors: Проскуряков В.И. , Родионов И.В.
Published: October 2021

The results of an experimental study of laser pulsed modification of the surface of stainless steel 12CR18NI10T in a layer of alloying compound made of graphite paste and nanodispersed titanium dioxide powder (anatase) and without coating are presented. A comparative analysis of the effect of the coating on the elemental and phase compositions, morphological characteristics and microhardness of the modified surface is carried out. It was found that as a result of the treatment, the processes of cementation and oxidation of the surface occur, which made it possible to obtain a mixture of iron carbide and high-strength oxides in the surface layer of steel. In the samples that underwent laser treatment in the coating layer, an increase in the intensity of the diffraction peaks of the graphite phase and the formation of iron oxides Fe3O4 and chromium Cr2O3 with the presence of titanium dioxide TiO2 were revealed, which created a mixed heterophase metal oxide structure with increased mechanical strength. An increase in the microhardness of the modified surface after laser pulsed scanning in the layer of the experimental alloying compound is established.
Соотношения взаимности для открытых нелинейных систем в переменных полях
Authors: Игнатьев В.К.
Published: October 2021

А proof of reciprocity relations for nonlinear systems in inhomogeneous variable electric and magnetic fields in the presence of unsteady spin currents, thermodynamic flows and mechanical disturbances is obtained by the Kubo method in the approximation of Markov relaxation and locally quasi-equilibrium distribution.