bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mini‐implant mandibular overdentures under a two‐step immediate loading protocol: A 4–6‐year retrospective study
Authors: Park Jin‐Hong , Shin Sang‐Wan , Lee Jeong‐Yol
Published: April 2023

Objectives

This retrospective study to evaluate the treatment outcomes of mandibular mini‐implant overdentures (MIODs) placed under a two‐step immediate loading protocol.

Background

The mini‐implant overdenture emphasises the advantages of simplicity using flapless surgery and immediate loading. However, some mini‐implant have lowe initial stability.

Materials and Methods

A total of 30 participants who used mandibular MIODs and maxillary removable complete dentures (RCDs) over 4 years were included. Four one‐piece mini‐implants (<3 mm in diameter) were placed by a flapless surgical approach after fabrication of new RCDs, and the O‐ring attachment was attached at least 8 weeks after implant placement.

Results

The average observation period was 58.9 ± 9.2 months after mini‐implant loading. The survival rate of the implants was 100.0%, and the overall change in mean marginal bone level (ΔMBL) was −0.9 ± 1.1 mm. The implant success rate was 83.3% at the implant level, and 66.7% at the patient level. The mean initial Periotest value was 0.9 ± 3.1, and it was positively associated with ΔMBL and implant success (P < .05). Patient satisfaction improved after conversion from RCDs to MIODs (P < .05), and mastication and pain showed greater satisfaction with longer loading time (P < .05).

Conclusions

The mandibular MIODs could be chosen as an alternative treatment under a two‐step immediate‐loading protocol in edentulous patients with limited alveolar bone volume. To ensure superior treatment outcomes of MIODs, initial stability of implant must be obtained using as wide a diameter as possible within the anatomically allowable limits.
Psychometric properties of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale Modified Version–Spanish, tested in an at‐risk Latino immigrant population
Authors: Mikell Martin , Snethen Julia , Kelber Sheryl T.
Published: April 2023

Background

Latino populations are at high risk of developing diabetes; however, few scales measure self‐efficacy to change health behaviours in at‐risk Latino individuals. The Diabetes Empowerment Scale was translated into Spanish, and its psychometric properties were tested.

Methods

This descriptive investigation was conducted with adults in a predominately Latino Midwest community. Participants (N = 141) completed a modified version of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale, which measures self‐efficacy in exercising and healthy eating. Factor analysis was performed on completed surveys. Recruitment in Latino cultural centres and parishes took place from June 2016 to May 2017.

Results

Three factors emerged: self‐efficacy to exercise, emotional eating and social eating. Three scale questions had low scores during analysis; however, overall, the tool demonstrated adequate validity.

Conclusions

The Diabetes Empowerment Scale Modified Version–Spanish demonstrated adequate reliability and validity. Healthy dietary preferences and physical activity in populations at‐risk for diabetes should be assessed by nurses to ascertain level of self‐efficacy in individuals by assessing confidence to engage in specific healthy behaviours.
Matheuristics: survey and synthesis
Authors: Boschetti Marco A. , Letchford Adam N. , Maniezzo Vittorio
Published: April 2023

In integer programming and combinatorial optimisation, people use the term matheuristics to refer to methods that are heuristic in nature but draw on concepts from the literature on exact methods. We survey the literature on this topic, with a particular emphasis on matheuristics that yield both primal and dual bounds (i.e., upper and lower bounds in the case of a minimisation problem). We also make some comments about possible future developments.
The free chimeric medial sural artery perforator flap for individualised and three‐dimensional reconstruction of complex soft‐tissue defects in extremities
Authors: Sui Xinlei , Khan Umar Zeb , Qing Liming , Yu Fang , Wu Panfeng , Tang Juyu
Published: April 2023

Trauma or lesion resection often causes complex wounds with deep soft tissue defects in extremities. Simply covering with a skin flap will leave a deep dead space resulting in infection, non‐healing wounds, and poor long‐term outcomes. Thus, effectively reconstructing complex wounds with dead space leaves a clinical challenge. This manuscript presents our experience using chimeric medial sural artery perforator (cMSAP) flap, to reconstruct complex soft tissue defects of the extremities, thereby exploring broader analysis and indications for future reference. Between March 2016 and May 11, 2022, patients (8 males and 3 females) with a mean age of 41 years (range from 26 to 55 years) underwent reconstructive surgery with the cMSAP flap. The cMSAP flap consists of an MSAP skin paddle and a medial sural muscle paddle. The size of the MSAP skin paddle ranged between 9 × 5 cm and 20 × 6 cm, and the size of the medial sural muscle paddle ranged between 2 × 2 cm and 14 × 4 cm. Primary closure of the donor site was achieved in all cases. Of the 11 patients, the cMSAP flap survived in 10 cases. The vascular compromise occurred in one special case and was treated with surgical procedures. The mean follow‐up duration was 16.5 months (range of 5–25 months). Most patients present satisfactory cosmetic and functional results. The free cMSAP flap is a good option for reconstructing complex soft tissue defects with deep dead space in extremities. The skin flap can cover the skin defect, and the muscle flap can fill the dead space against infection. In addition, three types of cMSAP flaps can be used in a broader range of complex wounds. This procedure can achieve an individualised and three‐dimensional reconstruction of the defects and minimise the donor site morbidities.
Single‐step SNPBLUP evaluation in six German beef cattle breeds
Authors: Adekale Damilola , Alkhoder Hatem , Liu Zengting , Segelke Dierck , Tetens Jens
Published: April 2023

The implementation of genomic selection for six German beef cattle populations was evaluated. Although the multiple‐step implementation of genomic selection is the status quo in most national dairy cattle evaluations, the breeding structure of German beef cattle, coupled with the shortcoming and complexity of the multiple‐step method, makes single step a more attractive option to implement genomic selection in German beef cattle populations. Our objective was to develop a national beef cattle single‐step genomic evaluation in five economically important traits in six German beef cattle populations and investigate its impact on the accuracy and bias of genomic evaluations relative to the current pedigree‐based evaluation. Across the six breeds in our study, 461,929 phenotyped and 14,321 genotyped animals were evaluated with a multi‐trait single‐step model. To validate the single‐step model, phenotype data in the last 2 years were removed in a forward validation study. For the conventional and single‐step approaches, the genomic estimated breeding values of validation animals and other animals were compared between the truncated and the full evaluations. The correlation of the GEBVs between the full and truncated evaluations in the validation animals was slightly higher in the single‐step evaluation. The regression of the full GEBVs on truncated GEBVs was close to the optimal value of 1 for both the pedigree‐based and the single‐step evaluations. The SNP effect estimates from the truncated evaluation were highly correlated with those from the full evaluation, with values ranging from 0.79 to 0.94. The correlation of the SNP effect was influenced by the number of genotyped animals shared between the full and truncated evaluations. The regression coefficients of the SNP effect of the full evaluation on the truncated evaluation were all close to the expected value of 1, indicating unbiased estimates of the SNP markers for the production traits. The Manhattan plot of the SNP effect estimates identified chromosomal regions harbouring major genes for muscling and body weight in breeds of French origin. Based on the regression intercept and slope of the GEBVs of validation animals, the single‐step evaluation was neither inflated nor deflated across the six breeds. Overall, the single‐step model resulted in a more accurate and stable evaluation. However, due to the small number of genotyped individuals, the single‐step method only provided slightly better results when compared to the pedigree‐based method.
Insight of electrocardiographic and electrophysiological parameters on the left ventricular function in patients with ventricular arrhythmia from left ventricular summit
Authors: Kuo Ming‐Jen , Lin Chin‐Yu , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lo Li‐Wei , Hu Yu‐Feng , Chung Fa‐Po , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Chao Tze‐Fan , Liao Jo‐Nan , Chang Ting‐Yung , Kuo Ling , Wu Cheng‐I , Liu Chih‐Min , Liu Shin‐Huei , Chen Shih‐Ann
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) commonly originate from the left ventricular summit (LVS) and results in left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in some patients; however, factors related to LV cardiomyopathy have not been well elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk factors for LV cardiomyopathy and the outcomes of patients with LVS VA.

Methods

Between 2013 and 2018, a total of 139 patients (60.7% men; mean age 53.2 ± 13.9 years old) underwent catheter ablation for LVS VA in two centers. Detailed patient demographics, electrocardiograms, electrophysiological characteristics, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. LV cardiomyopathy was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%.

Results

Acute procedural success was achieved in 92.8% of patients. There were 40 patients (28.8%) with LV cardiomyopathy, and the mean LVEF improved from 37.5 ± 9.3% to 48.5 ± 10.2% after ablation (p < .001). After multivariate analysis, the independent factors of LV dysfunction were wider QRS duration (QRSd) of the VA (odds ratio [OR] 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.04; p = .046) and the absolute earliest activation time discrepancy (AEAD) between epicardium and endocardium (OR 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00–1.09; p = .048). After ablation, the LV function was completely recovered in 20 patients (50%). The factors for LV dysfunction without recovery included wider premature ventricular complex (PVC) QRSd (OR 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02–1.17; p = .012) and poorer LVEF (OR 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74–0.97; p = .020).

Conclusion

In patients with VA from the LVS, PVC QRSd and AEAD are factors associated with deteriorating LV systolic function. Catheter ablation can reverse LV remodeling. Narrower QRSd and better LVEF are associated with better recovery of LV function after ablation.
The role of trigger factors in the occurrence of appropriate ICD shocks and their clinical and prognostic implications
Authors: Lampropoulou Eleni , Kouraki Kleopatra , Strauss Margit , Mohammad Owais , Zahn Ralf , Kleemann Thomas
Published: April 2023

Background

The role of triggers in the occurrence of appropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) shocks due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias is not well known. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of trigger factors in appropriate ICD shocks and to analyze their prognostic impact on clinical outcome.

Methods

A total of 710 consecutive patients of a prospective single‐center ICD‐registry who received a first appropriate ICD shock between 2000 and 9/2021 were analyzed.

Results

In 35% of ICD patients with first ICD shock, at least one of the following triggers was found: Ischemia (22%), Compliance (9%), Decompensation (38%), Stress (12%), Technical (5%), Electrolyte/endocrinological disorder (22%) and Medication side effects (4%). The trigger factors can be summarized under the acronym ICD‐STEMi. The prospective application of the ICD‐STEMi scheme increased the rate of identified triggers from 32% to 56% (p < .001). Patients with triggered first ICD shock had an increased 5‐year mortality rate (50% vs. 38%, p < .001). Patients with triggers did not show different mortality outcomes or recurrent ICD shocks whether they received arrhythmia therapy or not.

Conclusions

The evaluation of trigger factors after the occurrence of ICD shocks is mandatory and can be systematically evaluated using the acronym ICD‐STEMi. Systematic evaluation of triggers using the ICD‐STEMi scheme can identify triggers in about half of ICD patients with first appropriate ICD shock. Patients with triggered ICD shock have a 12% higher 5‐year mortality rate.
Effectiveness of home‐based cardiac telerehabilitation in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Gao Yan , Wang Nan , Zhang Lixin , Liu Naiquan
Published: April 2023

Aims and Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of home‐based cardiac telerehabilitation in patients with heart failure.

Design

This systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials were designed and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.

Methods

Two researchers independently screened eligible studies. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was used to assess the risk of bias within the included studies. A fixed‐ or random‐effects meta‐analysis model was used to determine the mean difference, based on the results of the heterogeneity test.

Data sources

A librarian‐designed search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang databases was conducted to identify studies in English or Chinese on randomised controlled trials up to 15 August 2022.

Results

A total of 2291 studies were screened. The meta‐analysis included data from 16 studies representing 4557 participants. The results indicated that home‐based cardiac telerehabilitation could improve heart rate, VO2 peak, 6‐minute walk distance, quality of life and reduce readmission rates. No significant differences were observed in the left ventricular ejection fraction percentages between the home‐based cardiac telerehabilitation and usual care groups. Compared with centre‐based cardiac rehabilitation, home‐based cardiac telerehabilitation showed no significant improvement in outcome indicators.

Conclusion

Patients with heart failure benefit from home‐based cardiac telerehabilitation intervention. With the rapid development of information and communication technology, home‐based cardiac telerehabilitation has great potential and may be used as an adjunct or substitute for centre‐based cardiac rehabilitation.

Impact

This systematic review and meta‐analysis found that patients with heart failure would benefit from home‐based cardiac telerehabilitation intervention in terms of cardiac function, functional capacity, quality‐of‐life management and readmission rate. Future clinical interventions should consider home‐based cardiac telerehabilitation as an alternative to conventional cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart failure to improve their quality of life.

No Patient or Public Contribution:

Our paper is a systematic review and meta‐analysis, and such details do not apply to our work.
The effects of weight change from childhood to adulthood on depression and anxiety risk in adulthood: A systematic review
Authors: Gallagher Claire , Waidyatillake Nilakshi , Pirkis Jane , Lambert Katrina , Cassim Raisa , Dharmage Shyamali , Erbas Bircan
Published: April 2023

This review aimed to evaluate the effects of weight change from childhood to adulthood on depression and/or anxiety risk in adulthood. We systematically searched MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus for longitudinal studies assessing changes in weight status between childhood (≤18 years) and adulthood (≥19 years) in association with outcomes of depression and/or anxiety in adulthood. Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale, and data were narratively synthesized. Seventeen articles met our inclusion criteria: 13 evaluated outcomes of depression, one evaluated outcomes of anxiety, and five evaluated composite measures of depression and anxiety. Evidence was most consistent regarding outcomes of depression, with most finding that persistent and/or increasing adiposity from childhood to adulthood is associated with an increased risk of depression, particularly in women. However, heterogeneity and limitations in the evidence preclude definitive conclusions and inconsistent findings were reported in the few studies that assessed anxiety and composite outcomes. Overall, it appears that early intervention to both prevent or resolve excess weight may aid in reducing the burden of depression, along with mental health support targeting adolescents with persistent and/or increasing adiposity. However, further high‐quality research is needed to address the methodological limitations discussed.
Comparative evaluation of nasolabial appearance of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients by professional, patient and layperson using 2 aesthetic scoring systems: A cross sectional study
Authors: Duggal Isha , Talwar Aditya , Duggal Ritu , Chaudhari Prabhat Kumar , Samrit Vilas
Published: April 2023

Objective

To compare the perspective of healthcare providers (orthodontists), cleft patients and laypersons in judging nasolabial aesthetics in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip, with or without cleft palate (UCL ± P) using 2 scoring systems.

Design

This cross‐sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care government hospital.

Patients

Photographic records of 100 patients with complete UCL ± P from the age group of 5‐18 years (mean age‐12.2 ± 3.93 years) were included in this study.

Method

Photographic records of 100 patients with complete UCL ± P from the age group of 5‐18 years were included. A panel of 3 orthodontists, 3 laypersons and 3 cleft patients rated nasolabial aesthetics using 2 scoring systems i.e. Asher‐McDade index (AMAI) and Cleft Aesthetic Rating Scale (CARS). Spearman's split‐half reliability, Intra‐class correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha were computed to measure internal consistency and reliability. Inter‐panel agreement between pair of groups was determined by means of Spearman correlation coefficient.

Results

Estimated reliability of CARS for 3 raters in each panel was in moderate agreement for orthodontists and cleft patients (0.849 and 0.810). Good repeatability and agreement were recorded with moderate to high intra‐panel reliability for all parameters of both AMAI and CARS. Overall inter‐panel agreement was moderate for both AMAI and CARS. Pair‐wise inter‐panel agreement showed a moderately positive correlation in both scales (AMAI and CARS) by cleft patients and professionals.

Conclusion

CARS index can be reliably used for assessment of nasolabial aesthetics by cleft patients, professionals and lay persons on 2D facial photographs. Patients were more critical than clinicians and laypersons using both indices (CARS and AMAI) as they are more self‐aware and conscious. Thus, a clear communication between clinician and patient regarding expectations, perception and satisfaction with surgical results is strongly recommended.
Systematic use of magnetic double J stent in pediatric kidney transplantation: A single‐center experience
Authors: Spagnoletti Gionata , Larghi Laureiro Zoe , Marincola Giuseppe , Guzzo Isabella , Dello Strologo Luca , Spada Marco
Published: April 2023

Background

The intraoperative insertion of a double J stent (DJS) is known to reduce urological complications and is broadly accepted in kidney transplant (KTx) patients. The magnetic ureteral DJS (mDJS) represents a valid alternative device as it can be removed without cystoscopy, using a transurethral magnet. This is of particular importance in the pediatrics, allowing us to avoid cystoscopy requiring general anesthesia (GA) in this population. To date, few data are available on the systematic use of mDJS in pediatric patients undergoing KTx.

Methods

We report a retrospective analysis of 32 consecutive pediatric KTx at our center from July 2020 to December 2021.

Results

Ureteral stents remained in place for a median of 35 days (range: 12–76). Non‐surgical magnetic removal of the mDJS was attempted in all cases without complications. In most cases (69%), the removal procedure was performed in an outpatient clinic. In 10 cases, the mDJS was removed in the operating room under sedation before removal of the abdominal Tenckhoff catheter. All patients were clinically followed (range: 3–15 months).

Conclusions

We confirm the safety and feasibility of systematic use of mDJS in the setting of pediatric KTx. The systematic use of this device contributes to reduce the need for GA and the rate of hospital admission.
A machine learning approach to deal with ambiguity in the humanitarian decision‐making
Authors: Grass Emilia , Ortmann Janosch , Balcik Burcu , Rei Walter
Published: April 2023

One of the major challenges for humanitarian organizations in response planning is dealing with the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty in disaster situations. The available information that comes from different sources in postdisaster settings may involve missing elements and inconsistencies, which can hamper effective humanitarian decision‐making. In this paper, we propose a new methodological framework based on graph clustering and stochastic optimization to support humanitarian decision‐makers in analyzing the implications of divergent estimates from multiple data sources on final decisions and efficiently integrating these estimates into decision‐making. To the best of our knowledge, the integration of ambiguous information into decision‐making by combining a cluster machine learning method with stochastic optimization has not been done before. We illustrate the proposed approach on a realistic case study that focuses on locating shelters to serve internally displaced people (IDP) in a conflict setting, specifically, the Syrian civil war. We use the needs assessment data from two different reliable sources to estimate the shelter needs in Idleb, a district of Syria. The analysis of data provided by two assessment sources has indicated a high degree of ambiguity due to inconsistent estimates. We apply the proposed methodology to integrate divergent estimates in making shelter location decisions. The results highlight that our methodology leads to higher satisfaction of demand for shelters than other approaches such as a classical stochastic programming model. Moreover, we show that our solution integrates information coming from both sources more efficiently thereby hedging against the ambiguity more effectively. With the newly proposed methodology, the decision‐maker is able to analyze the degree of ambiguity in the data and the degree of consensus between different data sources to ultimately make better decisions for delivering humanitarian aid.
On the fields of definition of genus‐one covers of P1$\mathbb {P}^1$
Authors: Molyakov Alexander
Published: April 2023

It is known that sometimes, a Belyi pair is not defined over its field of moduli. Instead, it is defined over a finite degree extension of its field of moduli, called a field of definition. We show that given a number , there exists a Belyi pair such that the degree of a field of definition over the field of moduli is greater than . As a by‐product, we obtain a counterexample to the local‐global principle for Belyi pairs.
Cluster structures for the A∞$A_\infty$ singularity
Authors: August Jenny , Cheung Man Wai , Faber Eleonore , Gratz Sira , Schroll Sibylle
Published: April 2023

We study a category of ‐graded maximal Cohen‐Macaulay (MCM) modules over the curve singularity and demonstrate that it has infinite type cluster combinatorics. In particular, we show that this Frobenius category (or a suitable subcategory) is stably equivalent to the infinite type cluster categories of Holm–Jørgensen, Fisher and Paquette–Yıldırım. As a consequence, has cluster tilting subcategories modelled by certain triangulations of the (completed) ‐gon. We use the Frobenius structure to extend this further to consider maximal almost rigid subcategories, and show that these subcategories and their mutations exhibit the combinatorics of the completed ‐gon.
Joint Intercalation of Ultrathin Fe and Co Films under a Graphene Buffer Layer on a SiC(0001) Single Crystal
Authors: Filnov S. O. , Estyunin D. A. , Klimovskikh I. I. , Makarova T. P. , Koroleva A. V. , Rybkina A. A. , Chumakov R. G. , Lebedev A. M. , Vilkov O. Yu. , Shikin A. M. , Rybkin A. G.
Published: April 2023

The joint intercalation of Co and Fe atoms under a graphene buffer layer synthesized on a SiC(0001) single crystal has been studied. Intercalation has been performed by means of the alternating deposition of ultrathin Fe and Co metal films on the substrate heated to 450°C with the subsequent heating to 600°C in 15 min. It has been shown that Co and Fe atoms under these conditions are intercalated under graphene, forming compounds with silicon and with each other. The existence of a magnetic order in the system up to room temperature has been demonstrated using a superconducting quantum interferometer. A possible stoichiometry of the formed alloys has been analyzed using data on the shape and magnitude of hysteresis loops. In addition, it has been found that Fe and Co in the system exposed to the atmosphere are not oxidized. Thus, graphene protects the formed system. This study makes contribution to the investigation of graphene in contact with magnetic metals and promotes its application in spintronic and nanoelectronic devices.
N. A. Bulienkov’s Simplicial-Modular Design As a Basis for Modeling Metal Clusters
Authors: Tytik D. L.
Published: April 2023

The author considers the main principles of Bulienkov’s simplicial-modular design of metal clusters (face-centered cubic (FCC), body-centered cubic (BCC), hexagonal close-packed (HCP) metals). Models of clusters are presented along with algorithms for their construction based on operations of twinning ($$\bar {1}$$, 2, m) to simplices and modules of the corresponding metals.
DO REMITTANCES MITIGATE POVERTY? AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM 15 SELECTED ASIAN ECONOMIES
Authors: CUI XIANG , UMAIR MUHAMMAD , IBRAGIMOVE GAYRATOVICH GANIJON , DILANCHIEV AZER
Published: April 2023

This paper examines the impact of remittances on poverty alleviation in 15 selected Asian economies. Remittances have been identified as a potential source of income for households in developing countries and a means of reducing poverty. Using panel data from 2000 to 2020, we estimate the effect of remittances on poverty levels in these economies, controlling for other relevant factors such as GDP per capita, inflation rate and population growth. Our results suggest that remittances have a significant and negative impact on poverty levels in these economies, indicating that remittances play a crucial role in poverty reduction. The findings also reveal that the effect of remittances on poverty reduction varies across economies, with some economies experiencing a stronger poverty-reducing effect than others. The findings highlight the potential benefits of policies aimed at facilitating the flow of remittances and ensuring their effective use in reducing poverty in developing countries.
A Matter of Time: Anticipation Work and Digital Temporalities in Refugee Humanitarian Assistance in Turkey
Authors: Ekmekcioglu Cansu , Chandra Priyank , Ahmed Syed Ishtiaque
Published: April 2023

Scholarly work interrogating time and temporality in CSCW predominantly focuses on the temporal coordination of work in high-resource settings and is usually based in Global North. This paper aims to complicate and complement this scholarship by investigating the temporal entanglements of digital humanitarian work with refugees and asylum seekers in Turkey during COVID-19. We interviewed 22 humanitarian workers to understand their experiences and concerns as well as strategies they employed to support refugees and immigrants at a distance. The data reveal the complex temporal, informational, and infrastructural dimensions of technologically-mediated refugee support work, challenging the trope of "pivot to remote work", as popular in western countries. Our findings contribute to the CSCW research on the theory of anticipation work and its relationship with the concept of collaborative rhythms to explicate the relational and situated aspects of the temporal experiences of humanitarian workers in low-resource settings.
Aligning Crowdworker Perspectives and Feedback Outcomes in Crowd-Feedback System Design
Authors: Haug Saskia , Benke Ivo , Maedche Alexander
Published: April 2023

Leveraging crowdsourcing in software development has received growing attention in research and practice. Crowd feedback offers a scalable and flexible way to evaluate software design solutions and the potential of crowd-feedback systems has been demonstrated in different contexts by existing research studies. However, previous research lacks a deep understanding of the effects of individual design features of crowd-feedback systems on feedback quality and quantity. Additionally, existing studies primarily focused on understanding the requirements of feedback requesters but have not fully explored the qualitative perspectives of crowd-based feedback providers. In this paper, we address these research gaps with two research studies. In study 1, we conducted a feature analysis (N=10) and concluded that from a user perspective, a crowd-feedback system should have five core features (scenario, speech-to-text, markers, categories, and star rating). In the second study, we analyzed the effects of the design features on crowdworkers' perceptions and feedback outcomes (N=210). We learned that offering feedback providers scenarios as the context of use is perceived as most important. Regarding the resulting feedback quality, we discovered that more features are not always better as overwhelming feedback providers might decrease feedback quality. Offering feedback providers categories as inspiration can increase the feedback quantity. With our work, we contribute to research on crowd-feedback systems by aligning crowdworker perspectives and feedback outcomes and thereby making the software evaluation not only more scalable but also more human-centered.
Alone and Together: Resilience in a Fluid Socio-Technical-Natural System
Authors: Palacios Abad Beatriz , Koohang Michael , Vigil-Hayes Morgan , Zegura Ellen
Published: April 2023

Disruption to routines is an increasingly common part of everyday life. With the roots of some disruptions in the interconnectedness of the world and environmental and socio-political instability, there is good reason to believe that conditions that cause widespread disruption will persist. Individuals, communities, and systems are thus challenged to engage in resilience practices to deal with both acute and chronic disruption. Our interest is in chronic, everyday resilience, and the role of both technology and non-technical adaptation practices engaged by individuals and communities, with a specific focus on practices centered in nature. Foregrounding nature's role allows close examination of environmental adversity and nature as part of adaptivity. We add to the CSCW and HCI literature on resilience by examining long-distance hikers, for whom both the sources of adversity and the mitigating resilience processes cut across the social, the technical, and the environmental. In interviews with 12 long-distance hikers we find resilience practices that draw upon technology, writ large, and nature in novel assemblages, and leverage fluid configurations of the individual and the community. We place our findings in the context of a definition for resilience that emphasizes a systems view at multiple scales of social organization. We make three primary contributions: (1) we contribute an empirical account of resilience in a contextual setting that complements prior CSCW resilience studies, (2) we add nuance to existing models for resilience to reflect the role of technology as both a resilience tool and a source of adversity, and (3) we identify the need for new designs that integrate nature into systems as a way to foster collaborative resilience. This nuanced understanding of the role of technology in individual and community resilience in and with nature provides direction for technology design that may be useful for everyday disrupted life.
Articulation Work and the Management of Intersubjectivity Disjunctures in Offshored Production
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Wang Xun , Tolmie Peter , Wulf Volker
Published: April 2023

Since the move away from integrated value chains in production in the 1980s, the outsourcing and offshoring of various aspects of manufacturing has become commonplace. This has led to global production and marketing relationships between enterprises in numerous different countries, a prominent axis being between Europe and Asia. This paper reports on a study of one such offshoring relationship between a German SME (Small and Medium Enterprise) and their Chinese subsidiary, the trials and tribulations of the collaboration between them, and the implications of this for our understanding of how articulation work might be best supported in the context of global production. We also look at how a separate entity, which we term an 'articulation hub', was established to support articulation between the sites. While a number of studies have looked at articulation work in Global Software Development (GSD), there are very few ethnographic studies of offshored manufacturing, despite the unique challenges it presents. We find here that issues arise not only because of differences in technology environments, infrastructures, and cultural expectations, but also because of differing development strategies and business philosophies. The core problem confronting articulation work in offshored production is the difficulty of arriving at a mutually-grounded intersubjectivity, where shared assumptions about working practices and their relative importance and value can be trusted to apply, leading to what we term 'intersubjectivity disjunctures'. These disjunctures have a number of important implications for accomplishing articulation work. This paper offers a number of contributions to CSCW. First, it adds to a very thin corpus of CSCW-relevant ethnographic studies of global manufacturing. Second, it finds that articulation work in offshored production is less closely-coupled than it is in other distributed settings, making conventionally promoted solutions, such as knowledge sharing and relationship building, less relevant. Third, it reveals how differences in moral reasoning can result in different sites assigning very different priorities to articulation work. Finally, while articulation work is typically seen to be invisible work in CSCW, we argue that, in this context, there are a number of ways in which using a separate hub to actively render articulation work visible may be the best solution.
Becoming an Online Wine Taster: An Ethnographic Study on the Digital Mediation of Taste
Authors: Berkholz Jenny , Esau-Held Margarita , Boden Alexander , Stevens Gunnar , Tolmie Peter
Published: April 2023

There has been a growing interest in taste research in the HCI and CSCW communities. However, the focus is more on stimulating the senses, while the socio-cultural aspects have received less attention. However, individual taste perception is mediated through social interaction and collective negotiation and is not only dependent on physical stimulation. Therefore, we study the digital mediation of taste by drawing on ethnographic research of four online wine tastings and one self-organized event. Hence, we investigated the materials, associated meanings, competences, procedures, and engagements that shaped the performative character of tasting practices. We illustrate how the tastings are built around the taste-making process and how online contexts differ in providing a more diverse and distributed environment. We then explore the implications of our findings for the further mediation of taste as a social and democratized phenomenon through online interaction.
Being Trustworthy is Not Enough: How Untrustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) Can Deceive the End-Users and Gain Their Trust
Authors: Banovic Nikola , Yang Zhuoran , Ramesh Aditya , Liu Alice
Published: April 2023

Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) is characterized, among other things, by: 1) competence, 2) transparency, and 3) fairness. However, end-users may fail to recognize incompetent AI, allowing untrustworthy AI to exaggerate its competence under the guise of transparency to gain unfair advantage over other trustworthy AI. Here, we conducted an experiment with 120 participants to test if untrustworthy AI can deceive end-users to gain their trust. Participants interacted with two AI-based chess engines, trustworthy (competent, fair) and untrustworthy (incompetent, unfair), that coached participants by suggesting chess moves in three games against another engine opponent. We varied coaches' transparency about their competence (with the untrustworthy one always exaggerating its competence). We quantified and objectively measured participants' trust based on how often participants relied on coaches' move recommendations. Participants showed inability to assess AI competence by misplacing their trust with the untrustworthy AI, confirming its ability to deceive. Our work calls for design of interactions to help end-users assess AI trustworthiness.
Beyond the Boolean: How Programmers Ask About, Use, and Discuss Gender
Authors: Bouma-Sims Elijah , Acar Yasemin
Published: April 2023

Categorization via gender is omnipresent throughout society, and thus also computing; gender identity is often requested of users before they use software or web services. Despite this fact, no research has explored how software developers approach requesting gender disclosure from users. To understand how developers think about gender in software, we present an interview study with 15 software developers recruited from the freelancing platform Upwork as well as Twitter. We also collected and categorized 917 threads that contained keywords relevant to gender from programming-related sub-forums on the social media service Reddit. 16 posts that discussed approaches to gender disclosure were further analyzed. We found that while some developers have an understanding of inclusive gender options, programmers rarely consider when gender data is necessary or the way in which they request gender disclosure from users. Our findings have implications for programmers, software engineering educators, and the broader community concerned with inclusivity.
Beyond Transactional Democracy: A Study of Civic Tech in Canada
Authors: McCord Curtis W. , Becker Christoph
Published: April 2023

Technologies are increasingly enrolled in projects to involve civilians in the work of policy-making, often under the label of 'civic technology'. But conventional forms of participation through transactions such as voting provide limited opportunities for engagement. In response, some civic tech groups organize around issues of shared concern to explore new forms of democratic technologies. How does their work affect the relationship between publics and public servants?

This paper explores how a Civic Tech Toronto creates a platform for civic engagement through the maintenance of an autonomous community for civic engagement and participation that is casual, social, nonpartisan, experimental, and flexible. Based on two years of action research, including community organizing, interviews, and observations, this paper shows how this grassroots civic tech group creates a civic platform that places a diverse range of participants in contact with the work of public servants, helping to build capacities and relationships that prepare both publics and public servants for the work of participatory democracy.

The case shows that understanding civic tech requires a lens beyond the mere analysis or production of technical artifacts. As a practice for making technologies that is social and participatory, civic tech creates alternative modes of technology development and opportunities for experimentation and learning, and it can reconfigure the roles of democratic participants.
Both Sides of the Story: Changing the "Pre-existing Culture of Dread" Surrounding Student Teamwork in Breakout Rooms
Authors: Moster Makayla , Kokinda Ella , Rodeghero Paige , McNeese Nathan
Published: April 2023

As universities transitioned in-person classrooms to virtual classrooms, instructors faced challenges and changes in how they conduct their classes and teaching style trying to keep virtual classrooms as similar to in-person as much as possible through the use of group work in breakout sessions. Within these breakout sessions, students are expected to work together to complete an assignment. Through 669 surveys and 19 interviews, our paper outlines the successes and challenges of breakout sessions and teamwork in virtual learning environments faced by professors, graduate teaching assistants, and students. Our findings show the importance of pedagogical research for online environments, the student need for persistent instructions and check-ins to facilitate teamwork in breakout sessions, and strong justification for the use of breakout sessions in online courses. Based on our findings, we propose design recommendations to address the challenges highlighted within the classroom and software used by instructors and students. Our work contributes and extends previous CSCW and HCI research in online distributed teamwork and education.
Calibrated Uncertainty: How In-Vitro Fertilization Patients Use Information to Regulate Emotion
Authors: Ku Melody S.Y. , Ackerman Mark S.
Published: April 2023

The acquisition of information and its use in decision making and coping by people with health concerns have garnered much attention in CSCW. This study investigated patients' information behavior during a critical treatment, in vitro fertilization (IVF). Based on in-depth interviews with 29 IVF patients, this study uncovered several underlying drivers and mechanisms accounting for patients' information behavior. Their behavior is shown to be driven by coping concerns - specifically, dealing with the unpredictability of the treatment outcome, overcoming feelings of powerlessness and the sense of being out of control, and managing difficult emotionality. These factors shape patients' information needs and drive their behaviors in seemingly irrational but ultimately logical and adaptive ways. In contrast to the conventional wisdom that patients typically seek information that can help them fill knowledge gaps to resolve treatment uncertainty and foster their positive emotions, we discovered that in response to the desire to control their perceptions of irresolvable uncertainty and the difficult emotional needs of the moment, IVF patients frequently used ?calibrated uncertainty" - a psychological mechanism or state driven by the simultaneous seeking of varying levels and contradictory valences of certainty - to actively conduct targeted searches and actively use the information sought. This behavior has not always been understood by the IVF clinicians, who have assumed that information was primarily for knowledge transfer. This study shows that coping, emotion regulation, and information-seeking are inextricably bound together in the patient experience, and that this intertwining must be considered in the clinical setting for physician-patient communication and for patient-facing information. The findings have several valuable design implications for improved health informatics technology and service delivery systems.
Catch Me if You Can : "Delaying" as a Social Engineering Technique in the Post-Attack Phase
Authors: Alizadeh Fatemeh , Stevens Gunnar , Jakobi Timo , Krüger Jana
Published: April 2023

Much is known about social engineering strategies (SE) during the attack phase, but little is known about the post-attack period. To address this gap, we conducted 17 narrative interviews with victims of cyber fraud. We found that while it was seen to be important for victims to act immediately and to take countermeasures against attack, they often did not do so. In this paper, we describe this "delay" in victims' responses as entailing a period of doubt and trust in good faith. The delay in victim response is a direct consequence of various SE techniques, such as exploiting prosocial behavior with subsequent negative effects on emotional state and interpersonal relationships. Our findings contribute to shaping digital resistance by helping people identify and overcome delay techniques to combat their inaction and paralysis.
Charting the Automation of Hospitality: An Interdisciplinary Literature Review Examining the Evolution of Frontline Service work in the Face of Algorithmic Management
Authors: Spektor Franchesca , Fox Sarah E. , Awumey Ezra , Begleiter Ben , Kulkarni Chinmay , Stringam Betsy , Riordan Christine A. , Rho Hye Jin , Akridge Hunter , Forlizzi Jodi
Published: April 2023

Recent investments in automation and AI are reshaping the hospitality sector. Driven by social and economic forces affecting service delivery, these new technologies have transformed the labor that acts as the backbone to the industry-namely frontline service work performed by housekeepers, front desk staff, line cooks and others. We describe the context for recent technological adoption, with particular emphasis on algorithmic management applications. Through this work, we identify gaps in existing literature and highlight areas in need of further research in the domains of worker-centered technology development. Our analysis highlights how technologies such as algorithmic management shape roles and tasks in the high-touch service sector. We outline how harms produced through automation are often due to a lack of attention to non-management stakeholders. We then describe an opportunity space for researchers and practitioners to elicit worker participation at all stages of technology adoption, and offer methods for centering workers, increasing transparency, and accounting for the context of use through holistic implementation and training strategies.
Charting the Sociotechnical Gap in Explainable AI: A Framework to Address the Gap in XAI
Authors: Ehsan Upol , Saha Koustuv , De Choudhury Munmun , Riedl Mark O.
Published: April 2023

Explainable AI (XAI) systems are sociotechnical in nature; thus, they are subject to the sociotechnical gap-divide between the technical affordances and the social needs. However, charting this gap is challenging. In the context of XAI, we argue that charting the gap improves our problem understanding, which can reflexively provide actionable insights to improve explainability. Utilizing two case studies in distinct domains, we empirically derive a framework that facilitates systematic charting of the sociotechnical gap by connecting AI guidelines in the context of XAI and elucidating how to use them to address the gap. We apply the framework to a third case in a new domain, showcasing its affordances. Finally, we discuss conceptual implications of the framework, share practical considerations in its operationalization, and offer guidance on transferring it to new contexts. By making conceptual and practical contributions to understanding the sociotechnical gap in XAI, the framework expands the XAI design space.