bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Pulicaria incisa (Lam.) essential oil
Authors: LOUGRAIMZI Hanane , M’SOU Soufiane , BOUAİCHİ Abdelaaziz , QOTBA Imad , ACHBANİ El Hassan
Published: July 2020

The present study describes the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Pulicaria incisa (Lam.), obtained from the aerial part harvested from Oulad Embarek (Beni Mellal-Khenifra region located in the center in Morocco). The P. incisa essential oil presents IC50 using DPPH of 105.99 ± 4.25 μg/mL and an EC50 using FRAP of 87.21 ± 3.1 μg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated for five microorganisms. The results obtained revealed different degrees of sensitivity of the bacterial strains tested. The Allorhizobium vitis (S4) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens( C58) strains are the most sensitive to the investigated oil, with inhibition diameters greater than 20 mm and a MIC and CMB of 0.25 (v/v) and 0.5 (v/v) respectively.
Ejercicio de la libertad de prensa y sus limitaciones en entornos violentos. El caso de los periodistas de Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
Authors: Rodelo Amezcua Frida Viridiana
Published: July 2020

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Orbital Evolution of Gas-driven Inspirals with Extreme Mass Ratios: Retrograde Eccentric Orbits
Authors: Sánchez-Salcedo F. J.
Published: July 2020

Using two-dimensional simulations, we compute the torque and rate of work (power) on a low-mass gravitational body, with softening length R
soft, embedded in a gaseous disk when its orbit is eccentric and retrograde with respect to the disk. We explore orbital eccentricities e between 0 and 0.6. We find that the power has its maximum at e ≃ 0.25(h/0.05)2/3, where h is the aspect ratio of the disk. We show that the power and the torque converge to the values predicted in the local (nonresonant) approximation of the dynamical friction (DF) when R
soft tends to zero. For retrograde inspirals with mass ratios ≲5 × 10−4 embedded in disks with h ≥ 0.025, our simulations suggest that (i) the rate of inspiral barely depends on the orbital eccentricity and (ii) the local approximation provides the value of this inspiral rate within a factor of 1.5. The implications of the results for the orbital evolution of extreme mass ratio inspirals are discussed.
Microlensing Optical Depth and Event Rate in the OGLE-IV Galactic Plane Fields
Authors: Mróz Przemek , Udalski Andrzej , Szymański Michał K. , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radosław , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Gromadzki Mariusz , Rybicki Krzysztof , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin
Published: July 2020

Searches for gravitational microlensing events are traditionally concentrated on the central regions of the Galactic bulge but many microlensing events are expected to occur in the Galactic plane, far from the Galactic Center. Owing to the difficulty in conducting high-cadence observations of the Galactic plane over its vast area, which are necessary for the detection of microlensing events, their global properties were hitherto unknown. Here, we present results of the first comprehensive search for microlensing events in the Galactic plane. We searched an area of almost 3000 square degrees along the Galactic plane (

, 0° < l < 50°, 190° < l < 360°) observed by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) during 2013–2019 and detected 630 events. We demonstrate that the mean Einstein timescales of Galactic plane microlensing events are on average three times longer than those of Galactic bulge events, with little dependence on the Galactic longitude. We also measure the microlensing optical depth and event rate as a function of Galactic longitude and demonstrate that they exponentially decrease with the angular distance from the Galactic Center (with the characteristic angular scale length of 32°). The average optical depth decreases from 0.5 × 10−6 at l = 10° to 1.5 × 10−8 in the Galactic anticenter. We also find that the optical depth in the longitude range 240° < l < 330° is asymmetric about the Galactic equator, which we interpret as a signature of the Galactic warp.
Correlation between Age, Gender, Occupation, Residential Area, and the Occurrence of Eyelid Tumor in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Putri Lulu Anandita , Lubis Rodiah Rahmawaty
Published: July 2020

AIM: The aim of the study was to find a correlation between the occurrence of eyelid tumors with age, gender, occupation, and residential area.
SUBJECT AND METHODS: This is an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach conducted among 111 patients, includes all inpatients and outpatients who have been diagnosed with eyelid tumors starting from January 2014 to June 2018 in RSUP Haji Adam Malik, Medan, Indonesia.
RESULTS: From 111 patients, 75 women (67.6%) and 36 men (32.4%) were found (PR: 1.5, 95% clinical incidence [CI] = 0.85–2.65). Majority patients were 51–60 years old (30.6%) (PR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.47–4.23). Mostly patients reside in lowland area (Medan city) (21.6%), while those living in highland area are more susceptible to eyelid tumor (PR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.52–2.47%). Overall patients are indoor worker (housewives) (34.2%), but outdoor worker are more likely affected (PR = 2.26, 95% CI = 0.95–5.36). Correlation between occurrence of an eyelid tumor and age are found (p = 0.001; R: 0.454), as well as the correlation between occurrence of eyelid tumor and occupation (p = 0.05; R: 0.183). Meanwhile, the occurrence of an eyelid tumors and gender was not correlated (p = 0.15; R: 0.135) same as the occurrence of an eyelid tumor and residential area (p = 0.723; R = 0.03).
CONCLUSION: Age and occupation have a correlation with the occurrence of an eyelid tumor, while gender and residential have not correlated.
Strandings of cetaceans on the Espírito Santo coast, southeast Brazil, 1975–2015
Authors: Mayorga Luis Felipe S. P. , Vanstreels Ralph E. T. , Bhering Renata C. C. , Mamede Natália , Costa Luiz M. B. , Pinheiro Flavia C. F. , Reis Luciano W. D. , Trazzi Alessandro , Meirelles Wilson Luiz Chevitarese , Ribeiro Alan Marques , Siciliano Salvatore
Published: July 2020

Espírito Santo state is located on the eastern margin of Brazil, in a transitional tropical-subtropical area (18°S–21°S) dominated by oligotrophic waters. With the exception of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), the cetacean community of Espírito Santo has been understudied. In addition to the chronic impacts from fisheries, marine pollution, urban development, and coastal habitat degradation, in November 2015 the cetacean communities of Espírito Santo were challenged by the greatest environmental disaster in Brazil’s history. The Mariana dam disaster caused 60 million cubic meters of mining waste to be washed into the Doce River, which ultimately flowed to the coastal waters of Espírito Santo, with a high concentration of heavy metals. This study reviews and updates information on cetacean strandings in the state of Espírito Santo (excluding humpback whales) prior to this disaster. From 1975 to September 2015, there were 461 recorded cetacean strandings, representing 20 species. An average 1.18 strandings per 100 km per month were recorded since a state-wide daily beach survey program was implemented in October 2010, contrasting with the 0.14 strandings per 100 km per month in previous years. Six species comprised the majority (94.7%) of stranding events: Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis), Franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei), rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis), bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), and melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra). Oceanic cetaceans stranded most frequently on the southern portion of Espírito Santo, where the continental platform is narrower, whereas the strandings of coastal cetaceans such as Guiana dolphins and Franciscanas were concentrated near estuaries, especially the Doce River. This is particularly concerning in face of the Mariana dam disaster, which drastically altered the estuarine and coastal environment associated with the Doce River.
Faire d’un EHPAD un lieu de vie et d’humanité, la passion d’une jeune directrice
Authors: Lebreton Ségolène
Published: July 2020

Ségolène Lebreton a choisi, dès sa sortie de l’école, une affectation dans un EHPAD. Cette institution, qui fait souvent peur aux familles et dans laquelle les conditions d’exercice sont éprouvantes, est pour elle un secteur d’activité passionnant. Revenant sur certains des défis qu’elle a relevés, à commencer par la personnalisation de l’accompagnement, son témoignage montre qu’avec de l’engagement, une éthique et une bonne dose d’optimisme, il est possible de faire d’un EHPAD un lieu de vie et d’humanité.
L’atelier métallurgique gallo-romain de la route de Crèvecœur à Cambrai : une attestation du travail conjoint des alliages cuivreux et du fer
Authors: Bezut Alex , Jagou Benjamin , Herbin Patrice , Pilard Virginie , Gaillard Denis
Published: July 2020

Découvert en 1991 à la périphérie de la commune de Cambrai, l’atelier de la route de Crèvecœur constitue, pour l’époque romaine, l’une des rares attestations de la pratique de la métallurgie sur le territoire nervien. La découverte de creusets dans l’une des structures de l’atelier a orienté les premières interprétations vers celle d’un espace dévolu au travail des alliages cuivreux. Prélevé de façon exhaustive, son mobilier a été réétudié à l’aide des méthodes et des moyens analytiques de la paléométallurgie actuelle. Des précisions supplémentaires ont étés apportées sur la provenance des creusets, le type d’opérations réalisées ou encore sur la nature des alliages travaillés par l’artisan. mais, la présence d’un corpus de matériel sidérurgique, à la fois complet et diversifié (scories, lithique, chutes) dans le mobilier a contribué à identifier la pratique d’une seconde activité au sein de l’atelier : celle du travail du fer. Si la nature de la production a seulement pu être approchée, l’étude des scories a clairement mis en évidence l’usage précoce de charbon de terre comme combustible pour les étapes de forge.
Planification stratégique axée sur les investissements et performances technique et financière des sociétés nationales d’électricité
Authors: Djaigbe Pierre , Adankanhounde Thierry Mahougnon , Wele Pascal Idrissou , Dia Amadou Lamine
Published: July 2020

L’objectif de cette recherche est de vérifier s’il existe ou non une relation entre la planification stratégique (axée sur les investissements) et les performances technique et financière des sociétés nationales d’électricité des pays de l’Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA). Une étude quantitative a été conduite auprès d’un échantillon de 425 cadres ayant travaillé ou travaillant encore dans lesdites sociétés d’électricité. Les résultats de cette étude ont confirmé l’existence d’une relation positive entre la planification stratégique (axée sur les investissements) et les performances technique et financière des sociétés nationales d’électricité dans les pays de l’UEMOA.
Alternative Activation of Macrophages Is Accompanied by Chromatin Remodeling Associated with Lineage-Dependent DNA Shape Features Flanking PU.1 Motifs
Authors: Tang Mei San , Miraldi Emily R. , Girgis Natasha M. , Bonneau Richard A. , Loke P’ng
Published: July 2020

IL-4 activates macrophages to adopt distinct phenotypes associated with clearance of helminth infections and tissue repair, but the phenotype depends on the cellular lineage of these macrophages. The molecular basis of chromatin remodeling in response to IL-4 stimulation in tissue-resident and monocyte-derived macrophages is not understood. In this study, we find that IL-4 activation of different lineages of peritoneal macrophages in mice is accompanied by lineage-specific chromatin remodeling in regions enriched with binding motifs of the pioneer transcription factor PU.1. PU.1 motif is similarly associated with both tissue-resident and monocyte-derived IL-4–induced accessible regions but has different lineage-specific DNA shape features and predicted cofactors. Mutation studies based on natural genetic variation between C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse strains indicate that accessibility of these IL-4–induced regions can be regulated through differences in DNA shape without direct disruption of PU.1 motifs. We propose a model whereby DNA shape features of stimulation-dependent genomic elements contribute to differences in the accessible chromatin landscape of alternatively activated macrophages on different genetic backgrounds that may contribute to phenotypic variations in immune responses.
Commemorazioni | PROFILO DI MARIO VEGETTI
Authors: Ferrari Franco
Published: July 2020

Mario Vegetti (1937-2018) was one of the most important and influential historians of ancient thought. He renewed this discipline by embracing areas that were once marginal, such as medicine, biology, zoology, and by inytroducing innovative methods, such as anthropology, sociology, historical epistemology. Vegetti inaugurated the studies of the history of medicine, with the translation and the commentaries of the works of Hippocrates and Galen. In collaboration with Diego Lanza he investigated the processes that gave rise to the “ideology of the city”. He has long dealt with the ethical and moral thought of ancient philosophers (espec. Aristotle and the Stoics). In the last decades his interests have focused on Plato's ethical and political thought, of which he has provided an innovative and very stimulating interpretation.
Presupposition in Ghanaian and British Newspaper editorials
Authors: Manu James Gyimah
Published: July 2020

The paper explores presupposition and its triggers in Ghanaian and British newspaper editorials. Using a model proposed by Khaleel (2010:529) based on Karttunen (n.d.) and Yule (1996), the researcher analysed thirty (30) editorials from the Daily Guide (Ghanaian) and The Guardian (British) which were published in 2017. The analysis revealed some similarities and differences in the Ghanaian and British newspaper editorials. It was found that the frequently used trigger of the existential presupposition in both newspapers is the definite noun phrase. Again, it was found that the most used to trigger structural presupposition is the relative clause. The noticeable difference between the two is that in the Daily Guide, the structural presupposition is the most triggered (46.1%) whilst the existential presupposition (69.8%) is the most triggered in The Guardian.
Editorial Book Critique: The Origin of the Word Amen
Authors: Kambon Ọbádélé
Published: July 2020

The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible has Never Told is a book that promises to excite the interest of any reader interested in classical  Kmt ‘Black Nation/Land of the Blacks’,  mdw nTr ‘Hieroglyphs,’ the Akan language, and historical/linguistic connections between the three. Specifically, the book promises to deliver information about how the word  imn ‘Amen,’ as attested in classical  Kmt ‘Black Nation/Land of the Blacks,’ persists in the contemporary Akan language. While, under a steady hand this should be a simple enough thesis to substantiate, unfortunately, the authors’ obvious lack of grounding in historical linguistics, their lack of knowledge of  mdw nTr ‘Hieroglyphs’ as well as their lack of understanding the morphology (word structure) of the Akan language all mar the analyses presented in the book.
Determination of the Interior Orientation Parameters of a Non-metric Digital Camera for Terrestrial Photogrammetric Applications
Authors: Dedei Tagoe Naa , Mantey S.
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh cost of metric photogrammetric cameras has given rise to the utilisation of non-metric digital cameras to generate photogrammetric products in traditional close range or terrestrial photogrammetric applications. For precision photogrammetric applications, the internal metric characteristics of the camera, customarily known as the Interior Orientation Parameters, need to be determined and analysed. The derivation of these parameters is usually achieved by implementing a bundle adjustment with self-calibration procedure. The stability of the Interior Orientation Parameters is an issue in terms of accuracy in digital cameras since they are not built with photogrammetric applications in mind. This study utilised two photogrammetric software (i.e. Photo Modeler and Australis) to calibrate a non-metric digital camera to determine its Interior Orientation Parameters. The camera parameters were obtained using the two software and the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) calculated. It was observed that Australis gave a RMSE of 0.2435 and Photo Modeler gave 0.2335, implying that, the calibrated non-metric digital camera is suitable for high precision terrestrial photogrammetric projects. Keywords: Camera Calibration, Interior Orientation Parameters, Non-Metric Digital Camera
Re-Design of Mine Tailings Storage Facility for Adamus Resources Limited
Authors: Owusu-Yeboah B. , Mireku Gyimah D. , Akayuli C. F. K.
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe suitability of a centerline or upstream design as a sustainable option for construction of future raises for the existing Life of Mine (LoM) downstream Tailings Storage Facility (TSF) at Adamus Resources Limited (ARL) was investigated using Slope/W in GeoStudio Software. Review of technical information, evaluation of the performance of the existing Stage 6 dam, and geotechnical investigations of available construction materials were undertaken in this research. Insights were gained about the TSF’s life cycle and current bearing capacity for intended future raises. Viable geotechnical parameters were established to define construction material specifications as well as input data for modelling the new designs. The British Standards Institute (BSI) standards were adopted for all the material testing protocols carried out at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Building and Road Research Institute (CSIR-BRRI) laboratory in Kumasi. The scope of modelling covered the original downstream as well as the centerline and upstream options. The geometric design and stability analysis focused only on the southern and northern embankments of the TSF. The modelling outputs yielded reliable Stability Factors of Safety (FoS) for all designs investigated, above the regulatory criteria. Subsequently, a semi-quantitative multi-criteria evaluation was used to select the preferred option between the centreline and upstream alternatives. The results showed that technically, economically and by regulatory compliance, the centreline design is a better alternative and therefore recommended for adoption by ARL. Keywords: Tailings Storage Facility, Geotechnical Parameters, Stability Analysis, Modelling, Multi-Criteria
Effects of Maturity of Coconut Shells on Gold Adsorption Efficiencies of Derived Activated Carbons
Authors: Buah W. K. , Darmey J. , Osei F.
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoconut shells are used as precursors for preparation of activated carbons. The shells could vary in terms of their maturity. The influence of the maturity of the shells on gold adsorption efficiencies of derived activated carbons (ACs) from gold di-cyanide solution was investigated. The shells were pyrolysed at 900 ºC and the resulting chars were activated in steam at the same temperature for different durations. Assessment of the properties of the derived ACs revealed that; the hardness, gold adsorption capacities and rates of gold adsorption of the ACs depended on the maturity of the shells. The more matured the shells the harder the AC. The relative hardness and gold adsorption rates of the mature coconut shells activated carbons, HMand RM, respectively and those of the less mature shells, HLand RL, respectively were in the order of HM >HL and RM >RL. The relative hardness of the ACs derived from the more mature and less mature shells after 3 hrs activation were 99.3% and 94.0%, respectively and the gold adsorption rates were 5.78 mg Au/hr/gand 4.95 mg Au/hr/g, respectively. The adsorption rates and relative hardness depended on the duration of activation, where longer activation times resulted in increase in the adsorption rates and a decrease in relative hardness of the derived ACs. Keywords: Adsorption, Activated Carbon, Coconut Shells, Maturity, Relative Hardness
Performance Evaluation of Training Algorithms in Backpropagation Neural Network Approach to Blast-Induced Ground Vibration Prediction
Authors: Arthur C. K. , Temeng V. A. , Ziggah Y. Y.
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) is an artificial intelligence technique that has seen several applications in many fields of science and engineering. It is well-known that, the critical task in developing an effective and accurate BPNN model depends on an appropriate training algorithm, transfer function, number of hidden layers and number of hidden neurons. Despite the numerous contributing factors for the development of a BPNN model, training algorithm is key in achieving optimum BPNN model performance. This study is focused on evaluating and comparing the performance of 13 training algorithms in BPNN for the prediction of blast-induced ground vibration. The training algorithms considered include: Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian Regularisation, Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) Quasi-Newton, Resilient Backpropagation, Scaled Conjugate Gradient, Conjugate Gradient with Powell/Beale Restarts, Fletcher-Powell Conjugate Gradient, Polak-Ribiére Conjugate Gradient, One Step Secant, Gradient Descent with Adaptive Learning Rate, Gradient Descent with Momentum, Gradient Descent, and Gradient Descent with Momentum and Adaptive Learning Rate. Using ranking values for the performance indicators of Mean Squared Error (MSE), correlation coefficient (R), number of training epoch (iteration) and the duration for convergence, the performance of the various training algorithms used to build the BPNN models were evaluated. The obtained overall ranking results showed that the BFGS Quasi-Newton algorithm outperformed the other training algorithms even though the Levenberg Marquardt algorithm was found to have the best computational speed and utilised the smallest number of epochs.

 

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Blast-induced Ground Vibration, Backpropagation Training Algorithms
Detoxification of Cyanide Wastewater by Cyanotrophic Organisms: the case of Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Authors: Ofori-Sarpong G. , Adam A. - S. , Amankwah R. K.
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Cyanide, a carbon-nitrogen radical, is a major building block in many industries including pharmaceuticals, petrochemical and gold processing. In the gold extraction industry, cyanide has been the universal lixiviant for over a century due to better understood process chemistry, among others. Industries that discharge cyanide-laden effluents are mandated to keep concentrations below 0.2 mg/L to prevent death by cyanide-intoxification, which occurs when cyanide binds to key iron-containing enzymes and prevent them from supplying oxygen-containing blood to the tissues. Techniques used to attenuate cyanide in wastewater can broadly be grouped into chemical, physical and biological methods.  In recent times, attention has been placed on biotechnological methods, which make use of cyanotrophic microorganisms to clean up cyanide-contaminated environments. This paper reports on studies set out to assess the ability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade cyanide under different conditions including changes in cyanide concentration, culture mass, time, closed system and open system. At the end of 24-hour contact in an open agitated system with initial pH of 11.5, a control experiment using 100 mg/L cyanide revealed a natural attenuation of 15% with pH decreasing to 9.88, while the best myco-detoxification of 85% was achieved by contacting 100 mg/L cyanide with 0.5 g culture mass, translating into degradation capacity of 17.2 mg/g (milligram of cyanide per gram of culture) with pH reducing to 8.4 in 24 hours. The degradation could be based on a number of mechanisms including hydrolysis to HCN, oxidation to cyanyl radical and cyanate due to natural attenuation through atmospheric contact, and secretion of organic acid, oxidative enzymes, and hydrogen peroxide by the fungus.

 

Keywords: Cyanotrophic Organism, Myco-Detoxification, Cyanide-Laden Effluents, pH
The silent but powerful communication of the physical environment of Nkozi campus of Uganda Martyrs University
Authors: Otaala Laura Ariko
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this research was to find out what Uganda Martyrs University students think about the physical environment of the Nkozi campus, which is the main campus of the university with a view to find out if that factor can be used to market the university. Two sets of examination papers (one for second year and the other for first year students) were identified from the registry archives of the university because of their relevance to the topic of research. Initially, there was no certainty about the contents of these documents, but the titles of the pieces of work were suggestive enough to qualify them for selection. The documents were analysed using thematic analysis procedures. The findings indicate that most of the students have positive things to say about the beauty of their campus. In terms of student university selection process, the information found is very useful for Uganda Martyrs University in developing a marketing strategy that can be extended as far as senior one students. Since campus visits have been found to attract many students to specific universities, Uganda Martyrs University could develop a campus visit programme in which parents, potential students and other interested persons can experience the beauty of Nkozi campus. The current students could also be used to advertise the university since they know what the university can offer apart from the beautiful campus. It is recommended that Uganda Martyrs University develop a marketing strategy that has campus visits on top of the list of strategies to be adopted in increasing student intake.
Somali refugees’ wellbeing: the role of socio-culturally mediated agency
Authors: Balyejjusa Moses Senkosi
Published: July 2020

Although there is substantial research on refugees and their wellbeing, there is limited research that examines the role of refugees‘ agency in their lives. Using Doyal and Gough‘s (1991) theory of human need, the study analyses Somali refugees‘ wellbeing by examining the satisfaction of their human needs. Drawing on data from 70 Somali refugees in Kisenyi, Kampala, the study found that Somali refugees exercised their socio-culturally mediated agency to promote their wellbeing. The socioculturally mediated agency was demonstrated in form of an individual‘s/family‘s ability to start and maintain small and medium-scale business enterprises, and develop social networks with the host community, fellow Somalis within Uganda and abroad. Individuals/families that engaged in either or both of the agency actions were able to adequately meet their human needs, thus romoting their wellbeing because adequate satisfaction of human needs leads to human wellbeing.
Estimation of Soil Erosion Using RUSLE Model and GIS: The Case of Satinskyi Catchment, Western Rwanda
Authors: Byizigiro R. V , Rwanyiziri G , Mugabowindekwe M. , Kagoyire C. , Biryabarema M.
Published: July 2020

The problem of soil erosion in Rwanda has been highlighted in previous studies. They have shown that half of the country’s farmland suffers moderate to severe erosion, with the highest soil loss rates found in the steeper and highly rainy northern and western highlands of the country. The purpose of this study was to estimate soil loss in Satinskyi, one of the catchments located in Ngororero District of Western Rwanda. This has been achieved using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model, which has been implemented in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. The methods consisted of preparing a set of input factor layers including Slope Length and Steepness (LS) factor, Rainfall Erosivity (R) factor, Soil Erodibility (K) factor, Support Practice (P) factor, and Land Surface Cover Management Factor (C) factor, for the model. The input factors have been integrated for soil loss estimates computation using RUSLE model, and this has enabled to quantitatively assess variations in the mean of the total estimated soil loss per annum in relation to topography and land-use patterns of the studied catchment. The findings showed that the average soil loss in Satinskyi catchment is estimated at 38.4 t/ha/year. It was however found that about 91% of the study area consists of areas with slope angle exceeding 15°, a situation which exposes the land to severe soil loss rates ranging between 31 t/ha/year and 41 t/ha/year. Apart from the steep slope, changes in land use also contribute to high rates of soil loss in the catchment.

Keywords: Soil Erosion Estimation, GIS, RUSLE, Satinskyi Catchment, Rwanda
Santos e intachables: Efesios 1,4 como fundamento de la Gaudete et Exsultate
Authors: Pereira Delgado Álvaro
Published: July 2020

La exhortación Gaudete et Exsultate del papa Francisco se apoya teológicamente en la afirmación de Efesios 1,4: Dios eligió a los creyentes en Cristo “para que fuésemos santos e intachables ante él por el amor”. El ensayo estudia este enunciado desde el punto de vista retórico de su composición y desde el valor semántico de sus términos. El estudio realizado conduce a enriquecer el concepto de santidad como gracia divina, realización escatológica, relación cristológica, comunión eclesial, conocimiento revelado, esfuerzo humano y alabanza litúrgica.
La encíclica Laudato Si’ y el papel de la Iglesia para proteger la naturaleza
Authors: Chica Arellano Fernando
Published: July 2020

El artículo estudia el papel de la Iglesia en el cuidado de la creación, a partir de una relectura teológica de la Laudato Si’. El autor realiza un fino análisis de la encíclica que logra conectar ecología, antropología y escatología. Además, esta presentación tiene el valor de ser no solo un estudio riguroso a nivel científico, sino también el testimonio vivencial del Observador permanente de la Santa Sede ante la FAO.
PERAN RADIO KOMUNITAS DWIJENDRA 107.7 FM DALAM PENGEMBANGAN SIARAN KEARIFAN LOKAL BALI
Authors: Gede Bagus Anak Agung
Published: July 2020

Radio community  is one of the broadcasting institutions which legalized the existence of Broadcasting Law No.32 of 2002. According to Broadcasting Law No. 32 of 2002 article 13, providers of broadcast services (television and radio). The problem is how the role of the Dwijendra Radio Community 107.7 FM Broadcast Local Wisdom of Bali, the purpose of this study is to find out how the role of community radio as a medium for the development of local wisdom broadcasts. This research is descriptive qualitative, the subject of this research is the person in charge of broadcasting local wisdom broadcasts, data collection techniques are done by interview techniques, observation techniques, and documentation techniques. The results showed that the role of community radio as an educational medium is manifested in the form of broadcast programs that elevate local culture, manifested through broadcast programs that are arranged and presented in a creatively packaged program. The local wisdom broadcast of Radio Community Dwijendra 107.7 fm is an event Gegitaan. Where the event was broadcast during the daytime 12.05-14.00 wita.
MANAJEMEN MEDIA PENYIARAN RADIO TELEVISI TIMOR LESTE SEBAGAI LEMBAGA PENYIARAN PUBLIK
Authors: Putra dalem Anak agung gede agung , De Given Fatima Lay Lucia Natalia
Published: July 2020

Manajemen merupakan ilmu dan seni dalam merencanakan, mengorganisir, mempengaruhi orang lain atau kelompok untuk melaksanakan penyiaran radio dan TV, untuk mencapai tujuan secara efektif dan efisien. Adapun beberapa rumusan masalah yang ingin di bahasa, antara lain Bagaimanakah manajemen media penyiaran radio televisi Timor Leste sebagai lembaga penyiaran publik, Faktor-faktor apa sajakah yang menghambat manajemen media penyiaran radio televisi Timor Leste sebagai lembaga penyiaran publik? Dan tujuam yang ingin dicapai, antara lain :  Untuk mengetahui manajemen media penyiaran radio televisi Timor Leste sebagai lembaga penyiaran publik.Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor  yang menghambat manajemen media penyiaran radio televisi Timor Leste sebagai lembaga penyiaran publik. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif berupa kata-kata tulis atau lisan tentang orang-orang atau prilaku yang dapat di amati. hasil  penelitian Radio dan Televisi Timor Leste kerjasama Dapat dilihat dari hasil pembahasan yang telah dipaparkan sebelumnya dan setelah dilakukan analisis, maka kesimpulan yang dapat diberikan penelititentang “Manajemen Media Penyiaran  Radio dan Televisi Timor Leste sebagai Lembaga Penyiaran Publik” adalah sebagai berikut :Dilihat dari perencanaan radio TV Timor Leste telah menetapkan visi dan misi walaupun belum sepenuhnya dapat di realisasi
Methodology to Reduce Casting Defects of Alluminium alloy using Post Heat Treatment
Authors: Mandley Varinder , Janagal Mamta
Published: July 2020

In early years with the expansion of industries and growth of technology, the usage of aluminum and its alloys is also expanding. Therefore It is additionally utilized in aviation and vehicle industries because of their low thickness, good hardness property, great mechanical properties, better consumption opposition and low coefficient of extension when compared with other metals and alloy. The initial step of assembling in the aluminum combinations begins with the throwing strategy in light of the fact that the underlying throwing structure importantly affects the achievement of thermo-mechanical properties. The initial step of manufacturing in the aluminium alloys is the casting method . The casting structure has an important effect on the success of thermo-mechanical properties. The quality of aluminum amalgams can be dictated by its size and microstructure highlights of circulation all through the throwing procedure. In this way, it is essential to characterize throwing parameters of the aluminum compounds examples for controlling the microstructure properties and throwing abandons. This paper depends on the strategy to evacuate throwing abandons and improve the hardness of the aluminum composites.
Challenges in applying pharmacoeconomics at the hospital level: Experts based approach
Authors: Ibrahim Nagwa , Altwoijri Abdulaziz , Alabdulkarim Hana , Alnajjar Fouad , AlSaqa’aby Mai
Published: July 2020

Background: Pharmacoeconomics (PE) is a useful tool that aid decision makers in evaluating the affordability of and access to rational drug use.­ Despite the potential value of PE there are several challenges with the application of this concept. In this article we enlisted various stakeholders involved in pharmaceutical expenditure decision making at various levels of the healthcare sector to identify the challenges associated with PE application and help with recommendations to overcome these challenges at the hospital level. Methods: A team of experts with extensive clinical, administrative and PE experience was assembled. A framework analysis method was used to identify the challenges. The panelist discussed and categorized the involved areas into specific groups. Potential action steps for each group were listed and grouped into categories. Results: The panelists identified and categorized the challenges and the potential actions for each stakeholder. Conclusions: Panelists recommendations are a guide for individuals and entities approaching PE application. Considering the role of each stakeholder listed in this article will assure better utilization of these recommendations.
Improving the prediction of an atmospheric chemistry transport model using gradient-boosted regression trees
Authors: Ivatt Peter D. , Evans Mathew J.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Predictions from process-based models of environmental systems are biased, due to uncertainties in their inputs and parameterizations, reducing their utility. We develop a predictor for the bias in tropospheric ozone (O3, a key pollutant) calculated by an atmospheric chemistry transport model (GEOS-Chem), based on outputs from the model and observations of ozone from both the surface (EPA, EMEP, and GAW) and the ozone-sonde networks. We train a gradient-boosted decision tree algorithm (XGBoost) to predict model bias (model divided by observation), with model and observational data for 2010–2015, and then we test the approach using the years 2016–2017. We show that the bias-corrected model performs considerably better than the uncorrected model. The root-mean-square error is reduced from 16.2 to 7.5 ppb, the normalized mean bias is reduced from 0.28 to −0.04, and Pearson's R is increased from 0.48 to 0.84. Comparisons with observations from the NASA ATom flights (which were not included in the training) also show improvements but to a smaller extent, reducing the root-mean-square error (RMSE) from 12.1 to 10.5 ppb, reducing the normalized mean bias (NMB) from 0.08 to 0.06, and increasing Pearson's R from 0.76 to 0.79. We attribute the smaller improvements to the lack of routine observational constraints for much of the remote troposphere. We show that the method is robust to variations in the volume of training data, with approximately a year of data needed to produce useful performance. Data denial experiments (removing observational sites from the algorithm training) show that information from one location (for example Europe) can reduce the model bias over other locations (for example North America) which might provide insights into the processes controlling the model bias. We explore the choice of predictor (bias prediction versus direct prediction) and conclude both may have utility. We conclude that combining machine learning approaches with process-based models may provide a useful tool for improving these models.
Highly time-resolved measurements of element concentrations in PM10 and PM2.5: Comparison of Delhi, Beijing, London, and Krakow
Authors: Rai Pragati , Slowik Jay G. , Furger Markus , El Haddad Imad , Visser Suzanne , Tong Yandong , Singh Atinderpal , Wehrle Günther , Kumar Varun , Tobler Anna K. , Bhattu Deepika , Wang Liwei , Ganguly Dilip , Rastogi Neeraj , Huang Ru-Jin , Necki Jaroslaw , Cao Junji , Tripathi Sachchida N. , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. We present highly time-resolved (30 to 120 min) measurements of size-fractionated (PM10 and PM2.5) elements in two cities in Asia (Delhi and Beijing) and Europe (Krakow and London). For most elements, the mean concentrations in PM10 and PM2.5 are higher in Asian cities (up to 24 and 28 times, respectively) than in Krakow, and often higher in Delhi than in Beijing. Among European cities, Krakow shows higher elemental concentrations (up to 20 and 27 times, respectively) than London. The enrichment factor of an element together with the size distribution allows for a rough classification of elements by major sources. We define five groups: (1) dust-related, (2) non-exhaust traffic emissions, (3) solid fuel combustion, (4) mixed traffic/industrial emissions, and (5) industrial/coal/waste burning emissions, with the last group exhibiting the most site-to-site variability. Hourly maximum concentrations of Pb and Zn reach up to 1 µg m−3 in Delhi, substantially higher than at the other sites. We demonstrate that the high time resolution and size-segregated elemental dataset can be a powerful tool to assess aerosol composition and sources in urban environments. Our results highlight the need to consider the size distributions of toxic elements, diurnal patterns of targeted emissions, and local vs. regional effects in formulating effective environmental policies to protect public health.
Counting on chemistry: laboratory evaluation of seed-material-dependent detection efficiencies of ultrafine condensation particle counters
Authors: Wlasits Peter Josef , Stolzenburg Dominik , Tauber Christian , Brilke Sophia , Schmitt Sebastian Harald , Winkler Paul Martin , Wimmer Daniela
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Condensation particle counters (CPCs) are crucial instruments for detecting sub-10 nm aerosol particles. Understanding the detection performance of a CPC requires thorough characterization under well-controlled laboratory conditions. Besides the size of the seed particles, chemical interactions between the working fluid and the seed particles also influence the activation efficiencies. However, common seed particle materials used for CPC characterizations are not chosen with respect to chemical interactions with vapor molecules of the working fluid by default. Here, we present experiments on the influence of the seed particle material on the detection efficiencies and the 50 % cutoff diameters of commonly used CPCs for the detection of sub-10 nm particles. A remarkable set consisting of six different and commercially available particle detectors, including the newly developed TSI V-WCPC 3789 and a tuned TSI 3776, was tested. The corresponding working fluids of the instruments are n-butanol, diethylene glycol and water. Among other materials we were able to measure detection efficiencies with nanometer-sized organic seed particles reproducibly generated by the oxidation of β-caryophyllene vapor in a flow tube. Theoretical simulations of supersaturation profiles in the condensers were successfully related to measured detection efficiencies. Our results demonstrate the importance of chemical similarities between seed particles and the working fluids used when CPCs are characterized. We anticipate our study to contribute to a deeper understanding of chemical interactions during heterogeneous nucleation processes.
Model estimations of geophysical variability between satellite measurements of ozone profiles
Authors: Sheese Patrick E. , Walker Kaley A. , Boone Chris D. , Degenstein Doug A. , Kolonjari Felicia , Plummer David , Kinnison Douglas E. , Jöckel Patrick , von Clarmann Thomas
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In order to validate satellite measurements of atmospheric composition, it is necessary to understand the range of random and systematic uncertainties inherent in the measurements. On occasions where measurements from two different satellite instruments do not agree within those estimated uncertainties, a common explanation is that the difference can be assigned to geophysical variability, i.e. differences due to sampling the atmosphere at different times and locations. However, the expected geophysical variability is often left ambiguous and rarely quantified. This paper describes a case study where the geophysical variability of O3 between two satellite instruments, ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment – Fourier Transform Spectrometer) and OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System), is estimated using simulations from climate models. This is done by sampling the models CMAM (Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model), EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry), and WACCM (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model) throughout the upper troposphere and stratosphere at times and geolocations of coincident ACE-FTS and OSIRIS measurements. Ensemble mean values show that in the lower stratosphere O3 geophysical variability tends to be independent of the chosen time coincidence criterion, up to within 12 h; and conversely, in the upper stratosphere geophysical variation tends to be independent of the chosen distance criterion, up to within 2000 km. It was also found that in the lower stratosphere, at altitudes where there is the greatest difference between air composition inside and outside the polar vortex, the geophysical variability in the Southern polar region can be double of that in the Northern polar region. This study shows that the ensemble mean estimates of geophysical variation can be used when comparing data from two satellite instruments to optimize the coincidence criteria, allowing for the use of more coincident profiles while providing an estimate of the geophysical variation within the comparison results.
Development of a chemical ionization mass spectrometry system for measurement of
atmospheric OH radical
Authors: Pu Wei , Zou Zhouxing , Wang Weihao , Tanner David , Wang Zhe , Wang Tao
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the most important oxidant in the atmosphere and plays a central role in tropospheric chemistry. Ambient OH is extremely difficult to measure because of its low concentration and high reactivity. We have developed and optimized a chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) system to measure OH based on ion-assisted mass spectrometry. A calibration unit was developed based on chemical actinometry to convert detected signals to OH concentration. Different types of ion sources (210Po and corona source) and scavenger gases (propane, C3F6, and NO2) were compared. Radioactive ion source (210Po foils) was chosen for lower detection limits, and propane was selected for high elimination efficiency and the negligible influence on the signal stability. The sensitivity of the CIMS instrument to OH radicals is influenced by the efficiencies of titration reaction, ion conversion, and ion transmission. Through adjusting their efficiencies by changing the flow rates and voltages, optimal sensitivity was determined. The background noise from OH interferences was reduced by adjusting the flow rate of scavenger gas. The CIMS system achieved a detection limit of ~ 0.15×106 molecules cm−3 (signal/noise = 2). The CIMS was then taken out to measure ambient OH radicals at an urban site in Hong Kong in April 2019. An obvious diurnal pattern of OH radicals was observed, with the highest concentration of ~ 6×106 molecules cm−3 at midday and the lowest concentration of ~ 0.25×106 molecules cm−3 at night, with an overall accuracy of about ±51 %. The results demonstrated the capability of our CIMS for OH measurements on clear days. The tests and results from our study provide a useful reference to other researchers who wish to develop and apply the CIMS technique to measure OH and other chemicals.
Magnetic-local-time dependency of radiation belt electron precipitation: impact on ozone in the polar middle atmosphere
Authors: Verronen Pekka T. , Marsh Daniel R. , Szeląg Monika E. , Kalakoski Niilo
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The radiation belts are regions in the near-Earth space where solar wind electrons are captured by the Earth's magnetic field. A portion of these electrons is continuously lost into the atmosphere where they cause ionization and chemical changes. Driven by the solar activity, the electron forcing leads to ozone variability in the polar stratosphere and mesosphere. Understanding the possible dynamical connections to regional climate is an ongoing research activity which supports the assessment of greenhouse-gas-driven climate change by a better definition of the solar-driven variability. In the context of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), energetic electron and proton precipitation is included in the solar-forcing recommendation for the first time. For the radiation belt electrons, the CMIP6 forcing is from a daily zonal-mean proxy model. This zonal-mean model ignores the well-known dependency of precipitation on magnetic local time (MLT), i.e. its diurnal variability. Here we use the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with its lower-ionospheric-chemistry extension (WACCM-D) to study effects of the MLT dependency of electron forcing on the polar-ozone response. We analyse simulations applying MLT-dependent and MLT-independent forcings and contrast the resulting ozone responses in monthly-mean data as well as in monthly means at individual local times. We consider two cases: (1) the year 2003 and (2) an extreme, continuous forcing. Our results indicate that the ozone responses to the MLT-dependent and the MLT-independent forcings are very similar, and the differences found are small compared to those caused by the overall uncertainties related to the representation of electron forcing in climate simulations. We conclude that the use of daily zonal-mean electron forcing will provide an accurate ozone response in long-term climate simulations.