bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Functional Status of Thyroid Nodules and Malignancy Rates of Hyperfunctioning and Hypofunctioning Thyroid Nodules in Germany
Authors: Schenke Simone Agnes , Kreissl Michael C , Grunert Michael , Hach Anja , Haghghi Sarvar , Kandror Tatjana , Peppert Eckhard , Rosenbaum-Krumme Sandra , Ruhlmann Verena , Stahl Alexander , Wanjura Dieter , Zaplatnikov Konstantin , Zimny Michael , Gilman Elena , Herrmann Ken , Görges Rainer
Published: August 2022

Aim Thyroid scintigraphy enables the depiction of the functional status of thyroid nodules (TNs) with both, 99mTc-pertechnetate and 123Iodine. The functional status is relevant for diagnostic procedures for the differentiation of benign and malignant TNs. The aim of this study was to examine the current frequencies of hyper-, hypo- and isofunctioning TNs in Germany and to estimate the risk of malignancy with regard to functional status.

Methods In 11 study centers, a minimum of 100 nodules per center were consecutively enrolled between July 2019 and April 2020. Inclusion criteria were: newly diagnosed nodule, nodule’ size of 10 mm or more, thyroid scintigraphy. Exclusion criteria were: completely cystic TNs, patients with prior radioiodine therapy or thyroid surgery. The risk of malignancy was estimated for hyper- and hypofunctioning TNs.

Results Overall, 849 patients (72 % women) with 1262 TNs were included. Patients’ age ranged from 18 to 90 years. Most TNs were hypofunctioning (n=535, 42%) followed by isofunctioning TNs (n=488, 39%) and hyperfunctioning TNs (n=239, 19%). When only TNs with a maximum size of 2 cm or more were considered the rate of hyperfunctioning and hypofunctioning TNs increased (to 27% and 49%) while isofunctioning TNs decreased. Only one of all hyperfunctioning TNs was malignant. In hypofunctioning nodules, the malignancy rate was estimated at 10%.

Conclusion In Germany, the proportion of hyperfunctioning TNs is approximately 20% and increases in larger TNs to up to 27%. Due to the low risk of malignancy in hyperfunctioning TNs, no further procedures to rule out malignancy are necessary. The risk of malignancy of hypofunctioning TNs is significantly higher. Thus, a thyroid scintigraphy is a useful diagnostic tool in Germany.
Entwicklung der akademischen Thoraxchirurgie in Deutschland
Authors: Ried Michael , Walles Thorsten , Hofmann Hans-Stefan
Published: August 2022

Die Thoraxchirurgie ist in Deutschland vornehmlich an außeruniversitären thoraxchirurgischen Kliniken abgebildet und nur an verhältnismäßig wenigen Universitätskliniken klinisch als
eigenständige Abteilung oder Klinik und wissenschaftlich als W2- oder W3-Professur etabliert. Infolgedessen ist die Gewinnung von fachärztlichem Nachwuchs und insbesondere die Generierung
von akademisch tätigen Thoraxchirurgen als Kontaktpersonen für Forschende aus den unterschiedlichen Bereichen der Lebens- und Ingenieurwissenschaften sowie für die Weiterentwicklung des
Fachgebiets Thoraxchirurgie deutlich schwieriger als in anderen chirurgischen Fächern. In den medizinischen Fakultäten stehen die Lehre, Forschung und Patientenversorgung gleichberechtigt
nebeneinander. Für die Übernahme dieser Aufgaben durch Thoraxchirurgen werden Konzepte zum Ausbau und der Förderung der akademischen Thoraxchirurgie in der deutschen Hochschulmedizin
benötigt. Ein strukturiertes Curriculum Akademische Thoraxchirurgie kann zusätzlich zu Mentorenprogrammen, Fördermöglichkeiten und zusätzlichen Freiräumen für die Forschung bzw. Lehre die
akademische Karriere in der Thoraxchirurgie unterstützen.
Choosing Wisely in France, for the Treatment of Saphenous Vein Insufficiency and Recurrences
Authors: Hamel-Desnos Claudine
Published: August 2022

Choosing wisely is an idea originally created in North America. It was designed to help maintaining a dialogue with patients to allow taking best decisions in the care and treatment of patients. As a consequence, despite guidelines outlining evidence of different treatments, choosing wisely takes the patient’s point of view into the focus and helps priorising therapeutic strategies in the context of specialisation, country, reimbursement and culture.

In France this dialogue was performed under the auspices of the National Professional Council of Vascular Medicine (CNPMV- Conseil National Professionnel de Médecine Vasculaire), which brings together all the societies of vascular medicine in France (representing, more than 2,000 vascular doctors).

They have elaborated 10 recommendations to choose wisely regarding the treatment of saphenous veins insufficiency and recurrences. The history, discussion and results are presented in this article.
Quality improvement project on the development of a management algorithm for iatrogenic perforations and the long-term impact on physician knowledge
Authors: Lew Daniel , Abboud Yazan , Picha Suellen M. , Lai Ellis C. , Park Kenneth H. , Pandol Stephen J. , Almario Christopher V. , Lo Simon K. , Gaddam Srinivas
Published: August 2022

Background and study aims Acute iatrogenic endoscopic perforations (AIEPs) can have high morbidity and mortality, especially colonic perforations. Knowledge of diagnosis and AIEP management can improve patient care. The aims of this study were to: develop an evidence-based AIEP management algorithm; study its short-term and long-term impact on physician knowledge; and evaluate physician knowledge using hypothetical clinical scenarios.

Methods An institutional AIEP management algorithm was created using the most current recommendations from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Input from advanced endoscopists, nurses, and anesthesiologists was also obtained. We assessed change in physician knowledge using a 10-item questionnaire before (pretest), a standardized one-page AIEP educational material and algorithm immediately after (post-test) to test short-term retention, and 6 months later (6-month reassessment) to test long-term retention. With the 6-month reassessment, two clinical scenarios based on real AIEP were presented to evaluate application of knowledge.

Results Twenty-eight subjects (8 gastroenterology fellows and 20 practicing gastroenterologists) participated in the assessments. Pretest and immediate post-test accuracies were 75 % and 95 % (P < 0.01), respectively. Six-month reassessment accuracies were 83.6 %, significantly worse compared to post-test accuracies (P < 0.05), but significantly improved compared to pretest accuracies (P < 0.05). Accuracies for clinical scenarios #1 and #2 were 67.5 % and 60.3 %, respectively. Fellows had similar accuracies when compared to practicing gastroenterologists.

Conclusions Using standardized methodology and a multidisciplinary approach, an AIEP management algorithm was created to improve patient care and alleviate physician and staff stress. In addition, we showed that a one-page educational document on perforations can significantly improve short-term and long-term physician knowledge, although periodic reeducation is needed.
Upper Airway Stimulation in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Long-Term Surgical Success, Respiratory Outcomes, and Patient Experience
Authors: Veugen Christianne C.A.F.M. , Dieleman Eveline , Hardeman Johannes A. , Stokroos Robert J. , Copper Marcel P.
Published: August 2022

Introduction Upper airway stimulation (UAS) with electric activation of the hypoglossal nerve has emerged as a promising treatment for patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective To retrospectively analyze objective and subjective outcome measures after long-term follow-up in obstructive sleep apnea patients receiving upper airway stimulation.

Methods An observational retrospective single-center cohort study including a consecutive series of patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea receiving upper airway stimulation.

Results Twenty-five patients were included. The total median apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) significantly decreased from 37.4 to 8.7 events per hour at the 12-month follow-up (p < 0.001). The surgical success rate was 96%. Adverse events were reported by 28% of the patients.

Conclusion Upper airway stimulation is an effective and safe treatment for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) failure or intolerance. However, it is possible that the existing in and exclusion criteria for UAS therapy in the Netherlands have positively influenced our results.
Surgical Use of Supraclavicular Artery Flap for Head and Neck Cancer Defects Repair: Personal Experience
Authors: D'Aco Luigi Filippo , Cagnoni Laura , Murè Carmelo , Piazza Alessandro , Aresi Giuseppe , Panciera Davide Thomas
Published: August 2022

Introduction For a long time, major surgical defects after oncological surgery have always been challenging cases for surgeons in terms of wound healing and covering technique.

Objectives To demonstrate the feasibility of supraclavicular artery flap (SCAF) in the reconstruction of surgical defects in those “fragile” patients undergoing oncological surgery who could not possibly have endured the timeframes involved in using microvascular free flaps.

Methods Between January 2018 and January 2019, at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Bergamo Est Hospital (Bergamo, Italy), we reported the cases of 11 patients in whom the SCAF was used for surgical reconstruction after oncological surgery in our Otolaryngology Department. The median age of the 11 patients was 68.7 years old.

Results The SCAF has proved, in almost all 11 cases in which it was used, to be very reliable and, above all, easy and quick to make in those “fragile” patients without the need for further intervention. There was only one case in which the resection involved the auricle entirely and a small area of perimeatal bone exposure occurred, which, anyway, healed by secondary intention.

Conclusion The SCAF is an extremely versatile flap for head and neck surgery to be considered especially for fragile and vulnerable patients who cannot undergo prolonged surgical time. Moreover, this technique has also shown high feasibility in small hospitals where there is not a plastic surgery department and the surgeon may face the difficulty of practicing surgical reconstruction after enlarged resection.
The Prognostic Roles of PYCR2 and ZBTB18 Expression in Tissues of Colorectal Carcinoma and Non-Neoplastic Tissues: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Harb Ola A. , Elfeky Mariem A. , Wadea Fady M. , Elsayed Ahmed M. , Elshorbagy Shereen , Amin Ahmed F. , Oraby Ehab M. , Amin Mohamed Farouk , Almoregy Abdelwahab S.
Published: August 2022

Background It is important to detect novel biomarkers responsible for the progression and spread of colorectal cancer (CRC) to better evaluate the prognosis of the patients, provide better management, and foster the development of therapeutic targets. In humans, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 (PYCR2) is encoded on chromosome 1q42.12, and its metabolic activity has been linked to oncogenesis in many cancers. Zinc finger and broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-à-brac (BTB) domain-containing protein 18 (ZBTB18), a zinc finger transcriptional repressor, has been found to have a tumor-suppressor role and to be methylated in CRCs. To date, the prognostic roles of PYCR2 and ZBTB18 in CRC patients have not been thoroughly studied.

Objective To evaluate the tissue protein expression of PYCR2 and ZBTB18 in CRC and adjacent non-neoplastic intestinal tissues, to detect their roles in CRC carcinogenesis, progression and metastases.

Patients and methods After applying the inclusion criteria, 60 CRC patients were included in the study. Tissue samples from the tumor and the adjacent non-neoplastic tissues were stained with PYCR2 and ZBTB18. The patients were followed up for about 30 months (range: 10 to 36 months). We performed a correlation regarding the expression of the markers, and clinicopathological and prognostic parameters.

Results Upregulation of PYCR2 and downregulation of ZBTB18 were found to be higher in CRC tissue than in the adjacent non-neoplastic colonic mucosa (p = 0.026 and p < 0.001 respectively). High expression of PYCR2 and low expression of ZBTB18 were positively correlated with large tumor size, higher tumor grade, advanced tumor stage, presence of spread to lymph nodes, and presence of distant metastases (p < 0.001). High PYCR2 and low ZBTB18 expressions were significantly associated with poor response to therapy (p = 0.008 and 0.0.17 respectively), as well as high incidence of progression and recurrence (p = 0.005), and unfavorable overall survival (OS) rates (p = 0.001).

Conclusion High expression of PYCR2 and low expression of ZBTB18 were independent predictors of CRC, progression, poor prognosis and unfavorable patient OS and progression-free survival (PFS) rates.
An Evaluation of the Evidence Guiding Adult Midline Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Sagar Alex , Tapuria Niteen
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Several guidelines have been published in recent years to guide the clinician in ventral hernia repair. This review distils this advice, critically assesses their evidence base, and proposes avenues for future study.

Methods: A PUBMED search identified four guidelines addressing midline ventral hernia repair published by major surgical societies between 2016 and 2020. The studies used to inform the advice have been critically appraised, including 20 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, 10 randomized controlled trials, 32 cohort studies, and 14 case series.

Results: Despite a lack of randomized controlled trials, case heterogeneity, and variation in outcome reporting, key themes have emerged.

Preoperative computed tomography scan assesses defect size, loss of domain, and the likely need for component separation. Prehabilitation, frailty assessment, and risk stratification are beneficial in complex cases. Minimally invasive component separation techniques, Botox injection, and progressive pneumoperitoneum represent novel techniques to promote closure of large fascial defects.

Rives-Stoppa sublay mesh repair has become the “gold” standard for open and minimally invasive repairs. Laparoscopic repair promotes early return to functional status. The enhanced-view totally extraperitoneal approach facilitates laparoscopic sublay mesh placement, avoiding mesh contact with viscera. Robotic techniques continue to evolve, although the evidence at present remains immature.

Synthetic mesh is recommended for use in clean and clean-contaminated cases. However, optimism regarding the use of biologic and biosynthetic meshes in the contaminated setting has waned.

Conclusions: Surgical techniques in ventral hernia repair have advanced in recent years. High-quality data has struggled to keep pace; rigorous clinical trials are required to support the surgical innovation.
Deletion of 2q22.2q22.3 in Mowat–Wilson Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Goyal Manisha , Faruq Mohammed , Gupta Ashok , Shrivastava Divya , Shamim Uzma
Published: August 2022

Mowat–Wilson syndrome (MWS; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #235730) is a rare disorder characterized by developmental delay, severe intellectual disability, distinctive facial dysmorphism, and multiple associated abnormalities caused by mutation or deletion of ZEB2 gene. Here we report a 13 months old boy with characteristic facial features of MWS, global developmental delay, peculiar behavior, microcephaly, and hypospadias. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) revealed a 5.7-Mb deletion of 2q22.2q22.3 region. The deletion contains 10 genes, including LRP1B, KYNU, ARHGAP15, GTDC1, ZEB2, ZEB2-AS1, TEX41, MBD5, ORC4, and ACVR2A. Our case shows the utility of array CGH in identifying such complex phenotype.
Audiological, Phonatory and Cardiac Correlates of Individuals Exposed to Low-Frequency Noise or at Risk of Vibroacoustic Disease
Authors: Verma Himanshu , Shah Jyoti , Singh Apurva , Singh Shakshi , Sharma Bhawna , Shukla Bhanu
Published: August 2022

Introduction Low-frequency noise (LFN) is hazardous to hearing. Long-term exposure to LFN may lead to vibroacoustic disease (VAD), which not only affects a specific organ but the physiological function of entire systems, such as the auditory, phonatory, respiratory, and cardiac systems. Moreover, VAD may lead to many psychological problems and hence affect the quality of life.

Objective To investigate the adverse effects of LFN on hearing, acoustic and perceptual correlates of the voice, blood pressure, cardiac rate, and anxiety level.

Method A total of 20 subjects exposed to LFN and 20 not exposed to LFN were included, and a detailed case history was recorded. The patients were submitted to pure tone audiometry, otoscopic examination, acoustic and perceptual analyses of the voice, maximum phonation time, and an assessment of the s/z ratio. We also assessed blood pressure, and the results of a voice-related quality of life questionnaire and of the Hamilton anxiety rating scale.

Results The results indicate that LFN had an adverse impact on the high-frequency threshold. The present study found a significant difference in shimmer and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) values. Few subjects had high blood pressure and showed the sign of anxiety on the Hamilton anxiety rating scale.

Conclusion Low-frequency noise has adverse effects on entire systems of the body and causes many psychological issues, which, in turn negatively affect quality of life.
Um novo método de tratamento de pequenas avulsões osteolabrais associadas a fratura-luxação posterior do quadril
Authors: Gupta Sandeep , Kansay Rajeev , Sharma Anmol , Mittal Naveen
Published: August 2022

Pequenas avulsões osteolabrais do quadril podem passar despercebidas, e testes de estresse pós-redução e tomografia computadorizada do quadril devem ser realizados para sua detecção. O tratamento dessas avulsões osteolabrais instáveis geralmente é feito com âncoras de sutura, parafusos de Herbert ou placas-molas. Em avulsões ósseas pequenas, porém, o uso desses implantes é um trabalho tedioso. Apresentamos uma nova técnica de fixação de pequenas fraturas com avulsões osteocondrais não passíveis de fixação com parafusos ou placas-molas.

Realizamos uma análise retrospectiva de 57 casos de pacientes submetidos à redução aberta e fixação interna de fratura-luxação posterior do acetábulo, e identificamos 6 casos em que um pequeno fragmento osteocondral labral posterior causava instabilidade. Essas lesões foram corrigidas com um novo método. A pontuação média no Harris Hip Score no último acompanhamento foi de 92,5. A fixação de avulsões osteocondrais associadas a fratura-luxação posterior do quadril pode ser difícil se o fragmento ósseo for pequeno. Nossa técnica é uma maneira simples, econômica e confiável de corrigir tais avulsões com resultados satisfatórios.
Multiple Intestinal Anomalies in a Newborn with 22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Jafar Bedour , Alemayehu Hanna , Bhat Ramachandra , Zayek Michael
Published: August 2022

Although 40 years have passed since the first case of DiGeorge's syndrome was described, and the knowledge about this disorder has steadily increased since that time, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) remains a challenging diagnosis because its clinical presentation varies widely. We describe an infant with 22q11.2 DS who presented with annular pancreas, anorectal malformation, Morgagni-type congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and ventricular septal defect. This constellation of anomalies has never been described in DiGeorge's syndrome. Here, we provide a case presentation and a thorough review of the literature.
Routine Interictal EEG Recording Should be Performed Together with Simultaneous Two-Lead ECG Recording
Authors: Yilmaz Kutluhan , Isikay Sedat , Yavuz Sibel , Baspinar Osman
Published: August 2022

We aimed to evaluate the contribution of simultaneous electrocardiography (ECG) recording during routine interictal electroencephalography (EEG) recording in patients with seizures or epilepsy and therefore to provide evidence-based data on this subject. Patients with interictal cardiac arrhythmia on routine EEG-ECG recordings were determined and evaluated based on cardiologic and neurologic findings. Out of 1,078 patients aged between 5 and 16 years (mean: 10.2 ± 3.2), 9 (0.08%) patients were found to have an arrhythmia. Six patients had both epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmia (premature ventricular contractions [PVCs] in 5; Wolff-Parkinson-White [WPW] in 1 patient) and the remaining three patients had nonepileptic paroxysmal events (NPEs) and arrhythmia (PVC in 2; WPW in 1). Three patients had other diseases (neurofibromatosis type 1, tuberous sclerosis, and congenital heart disease status postsurgery). Cardiac arrhythmia required radiofrequency ablation or antiarrhythmic drug treatment in two patients with epilepsy and also two patients with NPE; however, it improved with no specific treatment in the remaining five patients. NPE was not related to arrhythmia in one of three patients with NPE. Our study suggests that routine interictal EEG-ECG recording provides a valuable and feasible opportunity to reveal unnoticed or new-onset cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, ECG should be recorded simultaneously during routine interictal EEG recordings. Cardiac arrhythmias detected by routine interictal EEG-ECG recordings would require arrhythmia treatment in nearly half of the patients.
Fundamental rights and banking supervision
Authors: Papathanassiou Chryssa
Published: August 2022

This paper examines the intersections of fundamental rights and European banking supervision. It contributes to a more nuanced and refined understanding of the importance of European Union (EU) fundamental rights for supervised banks in the absence of an EU-wide administrative code. Since 2014, the European Central Bank (ECB) has assumed prudential supervisory tasks for supervised entities. Fundamental rights set clear boundaries as to how the ECB may exercise supervisory discretion to adopt measures that may adversely affect a supervised bank. The Court of Justice of the European Union declares void any measure whose adoption infringes upon a person’s fundamental rights. Thus, fundamental rights are a powerful counterbalance to the standard of limited review established by the EU judiciary for European Banking Supervision activities. Every supervised entity may unequivocally enjoy the same rights of defence faced with any measure adversely affecting it, irrespective of whether the measure has been adopted under EU or national law.
Opto-electronic bias of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector using a cryogenic photodiode
Authors: Thiele Frederik , Hummel Thomas , Protte Maximilian , Bartley Tim J.
Published: August 2022

Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) have become an integral part of quantum optics in recent years because of their high performance in single photon detection. We present a method to replace the electrical input by supplying the required bias current via the photocurrent of a photodiode situated on the cold stage of the cryostat. Light is guided to the bias photodiode through an optical fiber, which enables a lower thermal conduction and galvanic isolation between room temperature and the cold stage. We show that an off-the-shelf InGaAs–InP photodiode exhibits a responsivity of at least 0.55 A/W at 0.8 K. Using this device to bias an SNSPD, we characterize the count rate dependent on the optical power incident on the photodiode. This configuration of the SNSPD and photodiode shows an expected plateau in the single photon count rate with an optical bias power on the photodiode above 6.8 µW. Furthermore, we compare the same detector under both optical and electrical bias, and show there is no significant changes in performance. This has the advantage of avoiding an electrical input cable, which reduces the latent heat load by a factor of 100 and, in principle, allows for low loss RF current supply at the cold stage.
Elongation enhances encounter rates between phytoplankton in turbulence
Authors: Arguedas-Leiva José-Agustín , Słomka Jonasz , Lalescu Cristian C. , Stocker Roman , Wilczek Michael
Published: August 2022

Phytoplankton come in a stunning variety of shapes but elongated morphologies dominate—typically 50% of species have aspect ratio above 5, and bloom-forming species often form chains whose aspect ratios can exceed 100. How elongation affects encounter rates between phytoplankton in turbulence has remained unknown, yet encounters control the formation of marine snow in the ocean. Here, we present simulations of encounters among elongated phytoplankton in turbulence, showing that encounter rates between neutrally buoyant elongated cells are up to 10-fold higher than for spherical cells and even higher when cells sink. Consequently, we predict that elongation can significantly speed up the formation of marine snow compared to spherical cells. This unexpectedly large effect of morphology in driving encounter rates among plankton provides a potential mechanistic explanation for the rapid clearance of many phytoplankton blooms.
The structure and activities of the archaeal transcription termination factor Eta detail vulnerabilities of the transcription elongation complex
Authors: Marshall Craig J. , Qayyum M. Zuhaib , Walker Julie E. , Murakami Katsuhiko S. , Santangelo Thomas J.
Published: August 2022

Transcription must be properly regulated to ensure dynamic gene expression underlying growth, development, and response to environmental cues. Regulation is imposed throughout the transcription cycle, and while many efforts have detailed the regulation of transcription initiation and early elongation, the termination phase of transcription also plays critical roles in regulating gene expression. Transcription termination can be driven by only a few proteins in each domain of life. Detailing the mechanism(s) employed provides insight into the vulnerabilities of transcription elongation complexes (TECs) that permit regulated termination to control expression of many genes and operons. Here, we describe the biochemical activities and crystal structure of the superfamily 2 helicase Eta, one of two known factors capable of disrupting archaeal transcription elongation complexes. Eta retains a twin-translocase core domain common to all superfamily 2 helicases and a well-conserved C terminus wherein individual amino acid substitutions can critically abrogate termination activities. Eta variants that perturb ATPase, helicase, single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA translocase and termination activities identify key regions of the C terminus of Eta that, when combined with modeling Eta–TEC interactions, provide a structural model of Eta-mediated termination guided in part by structures of Mfd and the bacterial TEC. The susceptibility of TECs to disruption by termination factors that target the upstream surface of RNA polymerase and potentially drive termination through forward translocation and allosteric mechanisms that favor opening of the clamp to release the encapsulated nucleic acids emerges as a common feature of transcription termination mechanisms.
“Completely incapable of logical thought”
Authors: O’Farrell Kate
Published: August 2022

While the MeToo Movement has generally been accepted as a legitimate response to what was considered endemic sexual harassment and discrimination in Hollywood, its goals and values have nonetheless been questioned and undermined. This study examines the comment sections of two YouTube videos produced by major broadcasting corporations in which the MeToo Movement in Europe is discussed. The comment sections are analysed in terms of expressions of attitude and evaluation, using the Appraisal framework. Through this analysis it is revealed that attitudes expressed in the comments legitimate and normalise anti-feminist ideologies through discursive construction of social norms. Conversely, feminism, as well as immigration, are delegitimated. Commenters delegitimate the MeToo Movement by construing its goals and values as misdirected or insincere. These attitudes are furthermore expressed through dialogically contractive comments, thus constructing them as accepted and matter-of-fact, rather than ideological.
Calorimetry system for heat load in long-pulse discharges on EAST tokamak
Authors: Zhuang Qing , Ming Tingfeng , Yu Yaowei , Liu Yukai , Yang Lei , Long Feifei , Shi Qiqi , Li Bang , Liu Shaocheng , Liu Haiqing , Li Guoqiang , Gao Xiang
Published: August 2022

A calorimetry system has been developed in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). It is employed to evaluate the heat load exhausted by cooling water. Full poloidal coverage is achieved after the upgrade in 2019. The experimental results show that the heat load exhausted by cooling water is 64%–86% of the injected energy. Moreover, the heat load increases faster in the case with a higher heating power, and this is qualitatively confirmed by the simulation. In addition, a longer time is required for the temperature of the cooling water to achieve its maximum for a higher heating power. And in the decay phase of the water temperature, it shows an exponential characteristic. The averaged time constant of the thermal decay obtained by exponential fitting for the upper and the lower divertor are 12.1 s and 107.9 s, respectively. It indicates that the heat removal capability of the upper tungsten divertor outperforms the lower graphite divertor.
Revisiting Witten-O'Raifeartaigh inflation for a non-minimally coupled scalar field
Authors: dos Santos F.B.M. , Silva R.
Published: August 2022

In this work, we revisit the Witten-O'Raifeartaigh model of inflation, in which the potential takes a log2(ϕ/M) form, when the scalar field is non-minimally coupled to gravity. We investigate the impact of the coupling in the prediction of the inflationary parameters, thereby affecting the viability of the model. We find that a small coupling of order ξ ∼ 10-3 is preferred by data at the ns-r plane level, and that the presence of a non-zero ξ allows for a large interval of the mass scale M, in which it is possible to achieve a low tensor-to-scalar ratio. We also establish constraints imposed by a subsequent reheating era, in which its duration and temperature can be related to CMB observables, which in return, restricts the possible values for the ns
and r parameters.
Elementary band co-representations for (double)-grey line groups
Authors: Dmitrović S , Vuković T , Milošević I , Damnjanović M
Published: August 2022

Full sets of inequivalent elementary band co-representations (coEBRs) for spinless and spinful systems with grey line group (LG) symmetry are calculated and, together with recently reported elementary band representation (EBRs) for colorless single and double LGs by Milošević et al (2020 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 53 455204), the task of characterization of nonmagnetic quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) topological crystals by means of the theory of topological quantum chemistry can be completed. Effects of additional time reversal symmetry on band topology and applicability of topological quantum chemistry is thoroughly analyzed. The main conclusions of the latter are illustrated on spinful Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model (topological mirror chain). Technique of induction and decomposition of coEBRs is fully developed and presented in detail. Complete sets of coEBRs for all thirteen families of single and double grey LGs are tabulated. Quasi-1D structures with symmetry enforced hourglass fermions are singled out.
Ionic Composition Thermodynamics for Different Saline Waters in Central Iraq
Authors: AbdulKadium Safa Mahdi
Published: August 2022

understand the thermodynamic of ionic composition for different saline water, triplicate water samples were collected from each location. This study required chemical analysis for total cations (Ca+2,Mg+2,Na+1,K+1) and anions (Cl-1, HCO3-1,CO3-2,SO4-2). The following parameters were calculated using the[1] program: ionic strength, activity coefficient, activity, and ion pairs. The findings revealed that, according to the classification of medium salinity[2], There is no issue with the rate of infiltration. The calcium ionic activity coefficient values ranged from 0.332 to 0.587, with active Ca+2 accounting for 23 to 48 percent of total soluble Ca+2 in the samples investigated. The concentrations of ion pairs ranged from 0.749 to 2.716 mM. L-1. The magnesium ionic activity coefficient ranged from 0.385 to 0.609, and active Mg+2 was found to be between 29 and 44 percent of total soluble Mg+2. The concentrations of ion pairs ranged from 0.270 to 6.618 mM.L-1. In general, the findings show that: The following is the ion Paris sequence: (MgSO4) 0, (CaSO4) 0, (NaSO4) -, (MgHCO3) +, (CaHO3) +, (KSO4)-. The free ions were arranged in the following order: Na+, SO4
-2, Mg+2, Ca+2, HCO3-1, K+1.- Changes in the mathematical relationship between ionic strength and electric conductivity were generated by the correction of ion pairs and ionic activity.- Correction of ion pairs and ionic activity increased the adjusted sodium adsorption ratio (adj.RNa). Ion pairs, activity, and saline water are some of the terms used in this paper.
The Effect of Inoculation Mycorrhiza and Organic Fertilizer and Dab Fertilizer in the Availability NPK for Local Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. )
Authors: Jasim Saja Saad , Kamal Jawad Abdel-Kadhim
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was carried out in one of the fields of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, Al-Shafi`iyah district, for the season 2021/2022 using soil (Sandy loam) to study the effect of inoculation mycorrhizal, organic fertilizer and dab fertilizer on Availability NPK of local wheat plants (RCBD) design. The experiment included three factors of inoculation mycorrhizal (G0, G1) and organic fertilizer (0-1-2) tons. ha, and mineral fertilizer (0-50%-100%) and the lsd test was calculation the least significant difference at the 0.05 level, where it showed that there is a significant effect and the superiority of the treatment inoculated with Mycorrhizal fungus on the comparison treatment in nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, and the average reached (2.229%),( 0.298%), (1.475%), as well as the treatment of organic fertilizer (P2) over the control treatment (P0) in nitrogen (2.313%) and the superiority of treatment (P1) in phosphorous (0.321%), and the treatment (P2) in potassium (1.493%). The treatment of mineral fertilizer at the level of 50% was superior in nitrogen, which amounted to (2.116%), and in phosphorous, the treatment exceeded 100% (D2), where it reached an average of (0.310%), and in potassium, the treatment exceeded 100% (D2) (1.478%), while in The case of binary interference between G.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization and Spraying with Prepared Calcium Humate-Fulvate and Fungicide on Tomato Yield (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)
Authors: Mansie Yahya H. , Hussein Hayfaa J , Fayyad Mohammed A
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was conducted in Al-Zubair area, southern of Iraq, In loamy sand soil to investigate the effect of three different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 200, 400 Kg N ha-1) and spraying with prepared calcium humate – fulvate,(0.0, 0.4, 0. 8 %) and the fungicide Scor (0, 0.5, 1 ml L-1) on the yield of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) during the growing season 2020-2021. The results of the study showed a significant effect of treatments, and the triple interaction treatment of 400 kg N ha + pesticide at a concentration of 1 ml L-1 + calcium humate - fulvate, at a concentration of 0.4% recorded the highest concentration in leaves of 55.00 gm kg-1 of dry matter, and the triple interaction treatment of 200 kg nitrogen ha-1 + fungicide 0.5 ml L-1 + calcium humate - fulvate 0.4% was the best in reducing the severity of infection on the leaves as it scored 7.22%, while the triple interaction treatment gave 200 kg nitrogen ha-1 + fungicide 1 ml L-1+ calcium humate-fulvate at 0.8% the highest amounted to 67.39 tons ha-1.
Impact of T. harzianum and G. mosseae Inoculum and Phosphate Rocks on the NPK Content in Barley Crop (Hordium Valgari L.)
Authors: Laibi Salah Mahdi , Kadhim Kamal Jawad Abdul
Published: August 2022

The effect of fungal fertilizers with isolates of T. harzianum and G. mosseae and levels of phosphate rock on NPK content in the barley plant was investigated. A field trial was conducted on clay loamy soil to produce a variety of barley crops named (Samir 1) during the autumn agricultural season in 2021 in the Al-Qadisiyah Governorate. The factorial experiment was designed according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The factors of the experiment included two levels of T. harzianum inoculum (T0, control and T1, fungal inoculation), two levels of G. mosseae inoculum (G0, control and G1 fungal inoculation), and four levels of phosphate rock (P0, P1, P2, and P3) with an amount (0,1000,1500, and 2000) t/ha-1. The results present that the interaction treatment (G. mosseae + T. harzianum and phosphate rock of 1000 t/ha-1) resulted in a significant increase in the content of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium (NPK) in the plant 1.977, 0.437, and 2.603 %, respectively, compared to the control.
Effect of Integrated Nano-Complete, Mineral Fertilizer, and Seaweed Extracts on the Activity of Urease in the Reduction and Oxidation Layers of Soil Planted with Rice
Authors: Al-Juthery Hassanein Hayyawi , Jabbar Al-Taweel Luma Salih
Published: August 2022

To investigate the impact of adding seaweed extracts, urea, and complete nano-fertilizer on the effectiveness of urease enzyme at the rhizosphere in the flowering and full maturity stages in soil planted with rice, an experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields affiliated to Babylon Governorate / Al-Tali’ah district. The experiment was applied according to an RBCD with three replications, in a simple one-way experience. The experiment’s treatments included adding urea fertilizer at the level of 200 kg N ha-1, symbolized by the (U), and adding seaweed extracts at the levels (20 and 40 kg ha-1). They are denoted by the symbol A1 and A2 respectively, in addition to the complete nano-fertilizer at the levels (3 and 6 kg ha-1), which are denoted by the symbol NC1 and NC2 respectively, as well as the comparison treatment. The results of the Duncan test showed the following: The addition of the fertilizer mixture (A2NC1) significantly outperformed the enzyme urease activity of the reducing layer in the flowering and ripening stages, as it was recorded (168.80 and 160.42 )µg N-NH4+g-1 soil2h-1 Straight.
Association Between Precipitable Water Vapor and Evaporation Over Iraq During the Period (1979-2019)
Authors: Salman Aseel D. , Al-Taai Osama T.
Published: August 2022

Evaporation is the process of a liquid’s surface changing to a gas. In the water cycle, liquid water (in the ocean, lakes, or rivers) evaporates and becomes water vapor the integrated content of water vapor in air column, called precipitable water vapor (PWV) in mm. The monthly average of evaporation (E), and precipitable water vapor have been downloaded (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) for period (1979-2019) for Iraq. The annual, seasonal, and monthly temporal and spatial distribution of the precipitable water vapor PWV and evaporation E were studied, then the type of relationship that links evaporation and Precipitable water was found using the Spearman test. The result showed. A clear positive correlation relation between the precipitable water vapor PWV and Evaporation (E) checked by the Spearman Rho correlation coefficient (R).
Measuring the Acid Rain in Heet City of Iraq
Authors: Hamed Asmaa M. , Wahab Basim I.
Published: August 2022

Acid rain is a consequence of pollution in the atmosphere. When any sort of fuel is burned, a number of chemicals are released. The smoke from a fire, factories and the fumes from a car exhaust contain a lot of invisible gases that can be far more toxic to our environment than the smoke grey particles that can be seen. Where in this search, used the data from European Center for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) was depend on. The search is concerned with studying and measuring acid rain in Heet city for three point in same region (Industrial, residential, agricultural) by using values PH that has been measured by devices (PH (ATC), PH (laboratory), paper PH and TDS (Measures the concentration of basic and acidic salts). Determination the amount of the rain in units (mm/h, inches) and period begin fall the rain for a rainy season (from October to May). Study the behavior of polluting gases in sampling regions (CO, CO2, NO2, NO, SO2, O3) due to it has most influence on the formation of the acid rain and determine the most regions which contain pollutants. After measuring the acid rain samples it was found the highest acidity value was recorded in Kabaisa Cement Factory, which is a polluted industrial area, where the PH value was 4.00, meaning that it is one of the most common areas in which acid rain spreads. While agricultural areas have lowest acidity values where PH between (7.01- 7.05), because they are far from sources of pollutants emission and they contain plants and trees(as is well known plants absorb polluting gases) which makes them areas free of all kinds of polluting gases. Also, residential areas contain acidic PH values where PH between 5.06 - 6.03 at lower rates, and the reason for this is the frequent use of cars and motors and the more widespread Restaurants, bread ovens.
Evaluation of Soil Quality and Health Indices in Relation to Soil Physical Properties of Fedak Farm in Holly Najaf Province
Authors: AlWazzan Taha T. , Atti Alaa Salih
Published: August 2022

Fadak farm project was selected to conduct this study in and to evaluate the state of quality and health indices in term of soil physical properties, where this farm is located in Holly Najaf Governorate. Some physical properties (soil texture, mean weight diameter, bulk density, porosity, infiltration rate, saturated hydraulic conductivity and available water) were selected to assess the quality then health indices, Results showed that classes of moderate and poor soil health were dominated in lands of this farm for physical properties It was noted that the class good of soil health wasnot collaterally appeared in areas for the physical characteristics.
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Minimum-Maximum Temperature over Iraq for the Period (1980-2017)
Authors: Yehia Mohamed A. , Al-Taai Osama T. , Ibrahim Morwa K.
Published: August 2022

Climate behavior study analysis of the values of the famous temperature variables for each of the (minimum and maximum) temperatures that were studied in four main stations in Iraq (Mosul, Baghdad, Rutbah, Basra) during the period 1980-2017. The research aims to know the increase in the monthly rates of minimum and maximum temperature values and their impact on global warming, as the data were taken from satellites registered by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Mann-Kendall statistical tests were used to calculate the important trends in the minimum and maximum temperature rates for each of the four previously mentioned stations. The results showed that there is a noticeable increase in the monthly average of minimum and maximum temperatures and that the general behavior of the trend of minimum and maximum temperatures tends to rise in its values in all regions of Iraq.
Removal Efficiency, Accumulation and Biochemical Response of Lemna minor L. Exposed to Some Heavy Metals
Authors: Mahdi Al-Nabhan Enas A.
Published: August 2022

Both terrestrial and aquatic plants can be used for removing various pollutants such as hydrocarbons, heavy metals, etc via phytotechnology. This study applied different concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Cr (1, 4, and 8) mg/L to evaluate heavy metal removal and toxicological effects on Lemna minor L. in laboratory experiments for 12 days. At the beginning and the end of experiments, the parameters were measured, including fresh weight, relative growth rate (RGR), total chlorophyll, protein, and proline content, as well as other parameters measuring at the end of experiments such as metal remaining in water, removal efficiency, and bioconcentration factor(BCF) in plant. The results demonstrated a decrease in metal concentrations in aqueous solution at all treatments with different values. The highest removal efficiencies were Pb >Cr >Cd, respectively. It was 88.8 % at the 1 mg/L of lead and 22.22 % at 8 mg/L of Cd. The toxicological effects on plants as a response to selected metals were increased with increasing concentrations and periods of exposure. The reduction in fresh, dry weight, t. chlorophyll, and protein content were more in Cd>Cr>Pb respectively compared with increased in control treatments. The highest reduction at 8 mg/L of Cd were 0.329 µg/gram, 18.656 % for total chlorophyll and protein content respectively. The result showed the proline content increased with increasing concentration and the value was highest in Cd>Cr>Pb. The results suggest that Lemna minor L. is a good candidate for treating polluted water with heavy metals.
Response of Growth and Productivity of Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) to Nano -N and Urea Fertilizer
Authors: Zyarah Al-Shamary Ahmed Jaafar , Salih Al-Ansari Abdul-Mahdi
Published: August 2022

Field experiment ware carried out at the Agricultural Research Station of Basrah University College of Agriculture, north of Basra governorate during the winter seasons of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 to study the growth and yield of three cultivars of wheat (IPA99, BANGIL and JAAD) urea- nitrogen applied at four rate (0,60,120 and 180)kg ha-1 as comported Nano-N applied at three rate (0, 15 and 30) L ha-1. The experiment was designed as factorial randomized complete design (R.C.B.D)with three replicates. A flag leaf area, number spikes in m2, number grian per spike and grain yield parameters were recorded. The results of the study showed no significant difference in all studied growth parameters, yield components and yield Between sources of nitrogen fertilizer (urea and nano), however the cultivars were differed significantly in the studied parameters, as growth parameter of flag leaf area, number of spikes in m2, number of grains per spike and grain yield of JAAD cultivar were higher than those of other cultivar IPA99 AND BANGIL for both growing seasons. Increasing the level of nitrogen rate for both urea and nano sources an increased all studied parameters for both seasons. Application of 180 kg N ha-1 and 30 L ha-1 resulted the highest average of flag leaf area, number of spikes in m2, number of grains per spike, and weight of 1000 grain and grain yield for study seasons. The interaction treatment between JAAD cultivar and the 180 kg N ha-1 level of urea fertilizer and the 30 liter ha-1 of nano- source resulted highest flag leaf area, number of spikes, number of grains per spike and grain yield. However the interaction treatment between Ibaa99 cultivar and the level of 180 kg N ha-1 urea and 30 L ha-1 nano, showed the highest weight of 1000 grain. lowest of flag leaf area, number of spikes in m2, number of grains per spike and grain yield, were recorded at the interaction between BANGIL cultivar and the control treatment for both urea and nano fertilizer sources for both seasons.