bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying a decolonization paradigm to planning theory for inclusion and equity
Authors: Buttner Dane , Nel Verna , Mphambukeli Thulisile Ncamsile
Published: January 2025

The Global North has dominated the planning theories for decades to resolve planning problems globally. These Northern theories were not feasible for most problems in the Global South, as the continued use of Northern theories maintains the inequalities of disjointed and divided cities caused by colonialism. However, as this approach is inappropriate and inadequate, planning theories require decolonization from the continued focus on the Global North in order to reflect the realities of the South. This paper contributes to the scholarship of decolonization in planning by investigating how planning academics and professionals in South Africa view the progress made in the decolonization of planning theories for inclusion and equity.
Energy transport through Earth’s plasma sheet in 3-D
Authors: Barik K. C. , Chaston C. C.
Published: January 2025

A statistical analysis of energy transport through Earth’s plasma sheet is performed using 6 years of Magnetospheric Multi-Scale (MMS) mission observations. The analysis entails a complete decomposition of the contributions to transport including the ion heat flux and enthalpy flux derived from the full ion pressure tensor to provide a three-dimensional (3-D) picture of plasma sheet energy transport. It is shown that the Poynting flux and enthalpy flux compete to dominate the total energy transport, while the heretofore ignored heat flux generally contributes a larger fraction of the total energy flux than the bulk kinetic energy flux. The spatial distribution of these fluxes are consistent with magnetic reconnection driven transport from an X-line statistically located at X∼−20RE. Kinetic fluxes stream Earthward from this point peaking mid-tail along the neutral sheet, while Poynting fluxes peak at higher latitudes and along the inner edge of the plasma sheet.
Dual-career student athletes in Spanish universities: characteristics and interests
Authors: Hernando Domingo Carlos , Renau-Michavila Marta , Marín Gil María Pilar
Published: January 2025

The path that student-athletes follow to pursue their dual careers is both complex and demanding. However, an increasing number of elite athletes enroll in higher education today. To explore the current situation of elite university athletes in Spain, a study was conducted with the main objective of identifying their characteristics, concerns, interests, and challenges when combining their sporting and academic careers. To this end, a survey consisting of 27 items was distributed among a group of Spanish universities belonging to the Spanish University Sports Committee. A total of 563 responses were collected, of which 411 were ultimately processed from 27 different Spanish universities, providing us with insight into pursuing a dual career in Spanish universities. Descriptive data were gathered on various aspects such as age, field of study, hours dedicated to sports and studies, sports level, most relevant sports disciplines, interest in transnational mobility, and the perception and use of the benefits student-athletes receive when pursuing a dual career. Ultimately, this work aims to assist higher education institutions in developing tools that facilitate the program design for elite athletes.
Faster intervals, faster recoveries - intensified short VO2max running intervals are inferior to traditional long intervals in terms of time spent above 90% VO2max
Authors: Fleckenstein Daniel , Braunstein Hannes , Walter Nico
Published: January 2025

Introduction

High intensity interval training for improving maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is a fundamental component of specific preparation phases for middle- and long-distance runners. In this context, short intervals are very popular in practice. The aim of the present study was to determine whether increasing the intensity of short intervals around maximal aerobic speed (vVO2max), compared to traditional long interval runs, leads to a greater time spent above 90% VO2max.

Methods

12 highly trained middle distance runners (7 males, 5 females) completed two VO2max sessions (4 × 3 min at 95% vVO2max, recovery: 3 min at 50% vVO2max vs. 24 × 30 s at 100% vVO2max, recovery: 30 s at 55% vVO2max) on the treadmill in randomized order. Spiroergometric data, lactate accumulation, heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion was determined. This allowed the recording of time above 90% VO2max and time above 90% HRmax. To analyze differences between the interval sessions, the paired t-test respectively the Wilcoxon test, if data were not normally distributed, were applied.

Results

The time spent above 90% VO2max was significantly lower in the 30-s intervals, despite the higher intensity, compared to the 3-min session (201.3 ± 268.4 s vs. 327.9 ± 146.8 s, p = 0.05, r = 0.57). In contrast, the time spent above 90% HRmax was significantly higher for the 30-s intervals than for the 3-min intervals (820 ± 249 s vs. 545 ± 131 s, p < 0.001, d = 1.73). The blood lactate concentrations showed higher values in the 3-min session (9.69 ± 1.82 mmol/L) compared to the 30-s session (7.59 ± 2.01 mmol/L, p < 0.001, d = 2.34). There was no statistical difference in the rating of perceived exertion between the two sessions (30-s session: 6.5 ± 1.0 vs. 3-min session: 6.8 ± 1.2; p = 0.26).

Discussion

The present study showed that intensified 30-s intervals were inferior to traditional 3-min intervals regarding the time spent above 90% VO2max. Given the observation of an opposing trend in the time spent above 90% HRmax, this parameter should be interpreted with caution in traditional training settings.
Water hyacinth [Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.)] invasion: implications for livelihoods in the central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Gudina Assefa , Woldemedhin Dagne Getachew , Seyoum Aseffa , Senbeta Feyera , Assefa Engdawork , Alemayehu Afework
Published: January 2025

Water hyacinth spans extensive geographic areas in tropical and semi-tropical regions. Its impact on livelihoods is connected to the production of crops, fish, livestock, and other activities that influence costs and returns for rural smallholders. This invasive weed affects crop production by invading farmland adjacent to the lakes and has an impact on livestock by covering grazing land meant for animal feed. Although several studies have been conducted in Ethiopia, the livelihood impact of water hyacinth has been scarcely analyzed, quantified, and documented. This study evaluates the adverse effects of water hyacinth, particularly on crop production, livestock management, fish harvesting, and other off-farm incomes, by comparing groups of respondents’ proximity to Lake Koka and Demel in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia before and after a specified period. Data were collected from 348 sample households based on the nearness of farmlands to the lakes, both adjacent to (≤ 300 m) and distant from invaded lakes, six focus group discussions, six key informant interviews, and field observations to assess the impact using propensity scores, difference-in-differences, and weighted least squares methods. The result of difference-in-differences shows a decline in the total annual income by 823 ETB, income from crop production by 329 ETB per year, and income from off-farm activities by 6,952 ETB per year for those living adjacent to the invaded lakes. Although the impact varies according to the intensity of the water hyacinth infestation, it adversely affects rural livelihoods by reducing crop yields and returns from off-farm activities. The study did not find any significant impact on livestock production and harvested fish. Other control variables, such as education, experience, and interactions like dependency-age, experience-education, and land-lake, also influenced the impact of livelihood. As hypothesized, water hyacinth has caused differences in on-farm and off-farm incomes between groups of respondents. Further research is suggested to investigate the fish species favored and affected by this invasive weed. Ultimately, the impact of water hyacinth is of significant interest to affected communities, regional offices, policymakers, and scientists.
Case Report: Trendelenburg gait caused by retained drain fragment: a rare complication of total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Aydemir Selahaddin , Aydin Ozgur , Çeltik Mustafa , Duymaz Burak , Erduran Mehmet
Published: January 2025

Retained drain fragments, though rare, can lead to significant complications in orthopedic surgery(1). This case report presents a 57-year-old woman who developed gluteal tendinopathy and Trendelenburg gait two years after a total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to a retained drain fragment. A less experienced surgeon encountered resistance during drain removal on the first postoperative day and applied excessive force, unknowingly leaving a fragment inside. The patient initially had no symptoms, but later presented with pain and gait disturbances. Radiographic evaluation revealed the retained drain, necessitating surgical removal and gluteus medius augmentation. The patient subsequently underwent a structured rehabilitation program. This case emphasizes the importance of careful drain management, proper postoperative evaluation, and collaborative patient-doctor decision-making to prevent such complications.
Efficacy of a reduced-dosage PRRS MLV vaccine against a NADC34-like strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Authors: Yan Xinyu , Liu Jiayu , Yue Fengxiong , Lin Yan , Li Yan , Wu Wensi , Zhao Shan , Huang Xiaobo , Zhao Qin , Wen Yiping , Cao Sanjie , Du Senyan , Zeng Nanfang , Yan Qigui
Published: January 2025

Introduction

After being discovered for the first time in China in 2017, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) NADC34-like strains have become the prevalent strain of PRRSV in certain regions of China. Our previous study showed that reduced Ingelvac PRRS MLV vaccination dosages against NADC30-like CF PRRSV had a better protection effect than the normal dosage. However, the protective effect of reduced dosages vaccination of Ingelvac PRRS MLV against NADC34-like PRRSV is unclear. Therefore, this study compared the effectiveness of 0.1 and 1 dosages against a NADC34-like PRRSV infection using commercial PRRSV vaccines, Ingelvac PRRS MLV, which have been widely utilized in China.

Methods

In this study, we immunized piglets with two different dosages of the MLV vaccine and infected piglets within a nasal way with NADC34-like CF PRRSV at 42 days post-vaccination. We observed the changes in growth performance before and after the NADC34-like PRRSV DX strain challenge and the protective effect of different vaccine dosages through multiple assays.

Results

After the challenge, the piglets from the challenge control group displayed clinical signs typical of PRRSV infection, including transient fever, high viremia, mild clinical symptoms, and histopathological changes in the lungs and lymph nodes, which indicates DX is a virulent virus. Without the challenge, the average daily gain of the non-immunized group at 5 weeks after the vaccination is greater than that of the 0.01 dosage group than that of the 1 dosage group, which proved that the commercial MLV vaccine has a negative effect on the growth performance of pigs and this effect may be dose-dependent. After the NADC34-like PRRSV challenge, there was no difference in average daily gain between the immunized pigs and pigs from the challenge control group. From the perspective of clinical score, gross lung lesions, and microscopic lesions, immunization with MLV vaccine can indeed relieve symptoms and lesions caused by the virus, and 0.1 dosage vaccination has a better effect in these aspects. Also, both dosages of MLV immunization shortened viremia with similar effects.

Discussion

Our research suggests that the MLV vaccine can provide piglets with some protection against NADC34-like PRRSV and the 0.1 dosage Ingelvac PRRS MLV vaccination showed greater benefits in our study. Therefore, considering the cost, side effects, and subsequent protective effects, we can adjust the immune dosage appropriately after further investigation to ensure safety, improve production efficiency, and reduce immunization costs.
Impossibility Results for Byzantine-Tolerant State Observation, Synchronization, and Graph Computation Problems
Authors: Kshemkalyani Ajay , Misra Anshuman
Published: January 2025

This paper considers the solvability of several fundamental problems in asynchronous message-passing distributed systems in the presence of Byzantine processes using distributed algorithms. These problems are the following: mutual exclusion, global snapshot recording, termination detection, deadlock detection, predicate detection, causal ordering, spanning tree construction, minimum spanning tree construction, all–all shortest paths computation, and maximal independent set computation. In a distributed algorithm, each process has access only to its local variables and incident edge parameters. We show the impossibility of solving these fundamental problems by proving that they require a solution to the causality determination problem which has been shown to be unsolvable in asynchronous message-passing distributed systems.
Improvement of the TEB Algorithm for Local Path Planning of Car-like Mobile Robots Based on Fuzzy Logic Control
Authors: Chen Lei , Liu Rui , Jia Daiyang , Xian Sijing , Ma Guo
Published: January 2025

TEB (timed elastic band) can efficiently generate optimal trajectories that match the motion characteristics of car-like robots. However, the quality of the generated trajectories is often unstable, and they sometimes violate boundary conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes a fuzzy logic control–TEB algorithm (FLC-TEB). This method adds smoothness and jerk objectives to make the trajectory generated by TEB smoother and the control more stable. Building on this, a fuzzy controller is proposed based on the kinematic constraints of car-like robots. It uses the narrowness and turning complexity of the trajectory as inputs to dynamically adjust the weights of TEB’s internal objectives to obtain stable and high-quality trajectories in different environments. The results of real car-like robot tests show that compared to the classical TEB, FLC-TEB increased the trajectory time by 16% but reduced the trajectory length by 16%. The trajectory smoothness was significantly improved, the change in the turning angle on the trajectory was reduced by 39%, the smoothness of the linear velocity increased by 71%, and the smoothness of the angular velocity increased by 38%, with no reverse movement occurring. This indicates that when planning trajectories for car-like mobile robots, while FLC-TEB slightly increases the total trajectory time, it provides more stable, smoother, and shorter trajectories compared to the classical TEB.
Piriformospora indica Enhances Rice Blast Resistance and Plant Growth
Authors: Kabore Manegdebwaoga Arthur Fabrice , Huang Guanpeng , Feng Changqing , Wu Shuhong , Guo Jiayi , Wu Guofeng , Sun Yiqiong , Woldegiorgis Samuel Tareke , Ai Yufang , Zhang Lina , Liu Wei , He Huaqin
Published: January 2025

Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), is a significant threat to global rice production. Conventional methods for disease management face limitations, emphasizing the importance of sustainable alternatives. In this study, two rice cultivars with different blast resistant abilities, the susceptible variety CO39 and the resistant variety Pi4b, were used as materials to study the effects of Piriformospora indica (Pi) on the resistance to M. oryzae infection and rice growth. The in vitro tests revealed no direct antagonistic interaction between Pi and M. oryzae. However, the in vivo experiments showed that Pi promoted plant growth by increasing root and shoot length, chlorophyll content, and nitrogen uptake, particularly in CO39 during pathogen infection. Pi inoculation also significantly reduced disease severity, which was indicated by smaller lesion areas and shorter lesion lengths in both cultivars but a more pronounced effect in CO39. This occurred due to the decreasing levels of MDA and the modulating activity of antioxidant enzymes in Pi-inoculated rice plants. At the early stage of M. oryzae infection, the expression of the ethylene signaling gene OsEIN2 and the gibberellin biosynthesis gene OsGA20ox1 in Pi-inoculated CO39 decreased but significantly increased in both rice cultivars at the later stage. The reverse was found for the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes OsPR10 and OsPBZ1 and the blast-resistant genes OsBRG1, OsBRG2, and OsBRW1, suggesting early growth suppression for rice resilience to blast followed by a later shift back to growth. Meanwhile, Pi inoculation increased OsCesA9 expression in rice to strengthen cell walls and establish the primary defense barrier against M. oryzae and upregulated the expression of OsNPR1 without a significant difference in CO39 but downregulated it in Pi4b to activate PR genes to enhance plant resistance. In summary, these results underscore the potential of Pi as a sustainable biological control agent for rice blast disease, which is particularly beneficial for blast-susceptible rice cultivars.
Ambient Levels of Carbonyl Compounds and Ozone in a Golf Course in Ciudad Real, Spain: A ProtoPRED QSAR (Eco) Toxicity Evaluation
Authors: Moreno Alberto , Rabanal-Ruiz Yoana , Moreno-Cabañas Andrés , Sánchez Jiménez Carlos , Cabañas Beatriz
Published: January 2025

It is well known that carbonyl compounds play an important role in air pollution and the formation of secondary pollutants, such as peroxyacetyl nitrates (PAN). Additionally, airborne carbonyls have been described as cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. In this research, several carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes and ketones, as well as ozone, were monitored during a campaign conducted in July and September-October 2023 at Golf Ciudad Real, a golf course located in a non-industrial area of a south-central province in Spain. Extraction and analysis were carried out following procedures outlined by Radiello®. Analyses were performed using HPLC-DAD and UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Ozone shows seasonal variation (temperature-dependent) concentrations displaying lower values in September/October. Among all the identified carbonyls, butanal was the most abundant, accounting for 40% of the total concentration. The C1/C2 and C2/C3 ratios were also calculated to provide information about the main emissions sources of the analyzed carbonyl compounds, indicating that mainly anthropogenic sources contribute to air quality in the area. The data were further supported by Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models using the ProtoPRED online server, which employs in silico methods based on European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) regulations to assess the (eco)toxicity of the measured carbonyl compounds.
Effects of a Cannabinoid-Based Phytocomplex (Pain ReliefTM) on Chronic Pain in Osteoarthritic Dogs
Authors: Amato Ruggero , Pacifico Eleonora , Lotito Daria , Iervolino Valeria , Pierantoni Ludovica , Cortese Laura , Musco Nadia , Lombardi Pietro , Mastellone Vincenzo , Pero Maria Elena
Published: January 2025

Twenty-one adult crossbreed dogs with chronic pain due to severe osteoarthrosis were enrolled in the study (placebo vs. treatment groups). The dogs in the experimental group received the dietary supplement (Pain ReliefTM, Giantec, Isernia, Italy) for 30 days to evaluate its effects on metabolism and pain relief. During the trial, the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in the experimental group, indicating reduced pain and improved quality of life. Additionally, the treated group showed improvements in oxidative stress, demonstrated by a reduction in reactive oxygen metabolites, and an increase in biological antioxidant potential. Interleukins 6 levels decreased in the treated group, while interleukins 10 levels increased, thus suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect of the supplement. Importantly, no adverse effects were observed. Results suggest that Pain ReliefTM is effective in ameliorating osteoarthritis in dogs, improving their quality of life.
First Molecular and Phylogenetic Characterization of Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) and Equine Herpesvirus-4 (EHV-4) in Morocco
Authors: El Brini Zineb , Cullinane Ann , Garvey Marie , Fassi Fihri Ouafaa , Fellahi Siham , Amraoui Farid , Loutfi Chafiqa , Sebbar Ghizlane , Paillot Romain , Piro Mohammed
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate the molecular prevalence and genetic characterization of EHV-1 and EHV-4 in equid populations in Morocco. A total of 154 equids (114 horses, 9 donkeys, and 31 mules) were sampled, with nasal swabs and tissue samples subjected to multiplex real-time PCR for the detection of EHV-1 and EHV-4. Additionally, an isolate from the tissue of an aborted horse fetus was included in the analysis. A subset of EHV-positive samples underwent virus isolation followed by whole-genome sequencing. PCR assays revealed that 42 samples (27%) tested positive for EHV-4, while only 3 samples (1.94%) were positive for EHV-1. Attempts to isolate the virus from EHV-4-positive samples were unsuccessful. However, virus isolation was successful in an EHV-1-positive nasopharyngeal sample from a donkey. Phylogenetic and molecular characterization reclassified the EHV-1 isolated from the donkey as an EHV-8. Meanwhile, the EHV-1 isolated from the aborted fetal tissue was classified as a clade 1 EHV-1 virus. This study is the first to report the molecular prevalence and genetic characterization of EHV-1 and EHV-4 in equid populations in Morocco, providing valuable insights into the distribution and genetic diversity of these viruses in the region.
Leveraging the McGeer Criteria to Estimate the Frequency of Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescribing for Urinary and Respiratory Tract Infections Relative to the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Skilled Nursing Facility
Authors: Colombo Paulina M. , Ramadan Ferris A. , Kaur Dilsharan , Armenta Darunee , Patterson Peter P. , Ellingson Katherine D.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic affected antimicrobial stewardship in healthcare, including Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs). This study aimed to (1) assess the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions for urinary tract infections (UTIs) and respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and identify predictors of inappropriate use; (2) analyze changes in prescribing practices relative to the pandemic’s onset. Methods: A retrospective review of electronic medical records from a 300-bed SNF (March 2019–March 2021) identified suspected UTIs and RTIs based on laboratory tests and antibiotic requests. Antibiotic prescription appropriateness was defined by clinical and microbiological alignment with the McGeer criteria, which are standardized infection definitions for long-term care residents, for UTI and RTI. Logistic regression models identified predictors of inappropriate prescribing, and an interrupted time-series analysis (ITS) examined trends relative to the pandemic onset (11 March 2020) in Arizona. Results: Among 370 antibiotic prescriptions, 77% of UTI and 61% of RTI prescriptions were inappropriate per the McGeer criteria. Acute dysuria and increased urgency were associated with lower odds of inappropriate UTI prescribing. For RTIs, a positive COVID-19 test increased the odds of inappropriate prescribing, while fever and acute functional decline lowered them. UTI prescriptions and inappropriateness overall increased during the pandemic, but no significant ITS trends emerged. For RTIs, no significant changes in prescribing or inappropriateness relative to the pandemic were observed. Findings emphasize the need for robust antimicrobial stewardship during and after public health emergencies.
Human and Veterinary Medicine Collaboration: Synergistic Approach to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Through the Lens of Planetary Health
Authors: Horvat Olga , Kovačević Zorana
Published: January 2025

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical threat to human, animal, and environmental health, challenging global efforts to maintain sustainable ecosystems and public health systems. In this review, the complex, cross-disciplinary issues of AMR are explored within the framework of planetary health, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human and veterinary medicine with broader environmental and social systems. Specifically, it addresses the social, economic, environmental, and health dimensions of AMR under the planetary health framework. The social aspects consider how public awareness, education, and healthcare practices shape antimicrobial use (AMU) and resistance patterns. The economic impact evaluates the cost burdens of AMR, including healthcare costs, loss of productivity, and the implications for the livestock and food production industries. The environmental dimension highlights the role of pharmaceutical waste, agricultural runoff, and industrial pollution in contributing to the spread of antimicrobials and resistant pathogens in ecosystems. To illustrate these challenges, a comprehensive literature review using the PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted, identifying 91 relevant articles on planetary health and AMR. In this review, the knowledge from these studies and additional references is integrated to provide a holistic overview of the AMR crisis. By applying the four pillars of planetary health—social, economic, environmental, and health knowledge—in this manuscript, the necessity is underscored of collaborative strategies across human and veterinary medicine to combat AMR. Ultimately, this synergistic approach aims to shape the policies and practices that safeguard public health, protect ecosystems, and promote a sustainable future by implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs and encouraging prudent AMU.
The Persistence of Antibiotic Resistance in Observational Studies: Is It Really Due to Differences in Sub-Populations Rather than Antibiotic Use?
Authors: Collignon Peter , Beggs John J.
Published: January 2025

Background: The carriage of resistant bacteria and prior antimicrobial treatment are related, but in an individual, this diminishes over time. To better manage antimicrobial resistance risks, it is crucial that we better untangle any lasting impact of antibiotic use compared to other factors. This understanding is essential for informing antimicrobial stewardship programs and to better manage other important factors that likely contribute to persistently higher rates of antimicrobial resistance in different populations. The true association between antibiotic use and resistance is likely to be significantly overestimated due to the confounding influence of varying infection risk patterns within populations. Though missing explanatory covariates are a well-known cause of falsely interpreted statistical findings, how the problem manifests in this context has a particular and interpretable structure. This issue does not appear to have been previously addressed with clarity. To be more easily understood, a simple model is used to demonstrate this. Results: In our theoretical model case study, when we exclude an effect of past antibiotic usage, clinical history alone can predict future resistance patterns. Heterogeneity in infection risk and antibiotic resistance carriage rates, along with consequently observed antimicrobial treatment, often suffice to predict a pattern of resistance that mimics what is assumed to be caused by genuine biologically driven resistance by the associated use of antibiotics. The biological impact and/or lasting effects of antibiotics are not necessary for this prediction. Conclusions: Antimicrobial stewardship policies and future research must directly address how much of the apparent persistence of resistant bacteria results from biological consequences of antibiotic use compared to pure statistical confounding arising due to heterogeneous risks in community infection patterns.
Genomic Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Clinical and Epidemiological Human Samples
Authors: Tristancho-Baró Alexander , Franco-Fobe Laura Eva , Ariza Monica Pilar , Milagro Ana , López-Calleja Ana Isabel , Fortuño Blanca , López Concepción , Latorre-Millán Miriam , Clusa Laura , Martínez Rosa , Torres Carmen , Rezusta Antonio
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR)bacteria pose a significant public health threat by worsening patient outcomes, contributing to hospital outbreaks, and increasing health and economic burdens. Advanced genomic tools enhance the detection of resistance genes, virulence factors, and high-risk clones, thus improving the management of MDR infections. In the Autonomous Community of Aragon, the diversity and incidence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) have increased during the last years. This study analyses CPE trends at a tertiary hospital in Spain from 2021 to 2023, aiming to optimize personalized medicine. Methods: CPE isolates were the first isolate per patient, year, species, and carbapenemase from January 2021 to December 2023. Additional metadata were collected from the laboratory’s information system. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using Illumina short reads. De novo assembly was used to generate draft genomes in order to determine their complete taxonomic classification, resistome, plasmidome, sequence type (ST), core–genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and phylogenetic relationships using a suite of bioinformatics tools and in-house scripts. Results: Between 2021 and 2023, 0.4% out of 38,145 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were CPE. The CPE rate tripled in 2022 and doubled again in 2023. The most common species was Klebsiella pneumoniae (51.8%) and the most common carbapenemase was blaOXA-48. WGS revealed concordant species identification and the carbapenemase distribution in detail. Resistance rates to critical antibiotics, such as carbapenems, were variable, but in most cases were above 70%. Genetic diversity was observed in WGS and phylogenetic analyses, with plasmids often mediating carbapenemase dissemination. Conclusions: The increasing rate of CPE in healthcare settings highlights a critical public health challenge, with limited treatment options. Genomic characterization is essential to understanding resistance mechanisms, aiding therapy, limiting outbreaks, and improving precision medicine.
Gut Microbiota at the Crossroad of Hepatic Oxidative Stress and MASLD
Authors: Termite Fabrizio , Archilei Sebastiano , D’Ambrosio Francesca , Petrucci Lucrezia , Viceconti Nicholas , Iaccarino Roberta , Liguori Antonio , Gasbarrini Antonio , Miele Luca
Published: January 2025

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition marked by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatic tissue. This disorder can lead to a range of pathological outcomes, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and cirrhosis. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms driving MASLD initiation and progression remain incompletely understood. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are pivotal in the “multiple parallel hit model”, contributing to hepatic cell death and tissue damage. Gut microbiota plays a substantial role in modulating hepatic oxidative stress through multiple pathways: impairing the intestinal barrier, which results in bacterial translocation and chronic hepatic inflammation; modifying bile acid structure, which impacts signaling cascades involved in lipidic metabolism; influencing hepatocytes’ ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death; regulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) metabolism; and activating platelet function, both recently identified as pathogenetic factors in MASH progression. Moreover, various exogenous factors impact gut microbiota and its involvement in MASLD-related oxidative stress, such as air pollution, physical activity, cigarette smoke, alcohol, and dietary patterns. This manuscript aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview focused on the intricate interplay between gut microbiota, lipid peroxidation, and MASLD pathogenesis, offering insights into potential strategies to prevent disease progression and its associated complications.
A Nonlinear Rebalanced Control Compensation Model for Visual Information of Drivers in the Foggy Section of Expressways
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Song Qianghui
Published: January 2025

To obtain the optimal driving visual guidance methods in sudden low-visibility fog environments, it is crucial to analyze the changes in visual characteristics and information demand under low-visibility foggy conditions. The paper constructs a driving visual information demand model for foggy environments based on visual information input and output, using Shannon’s theory and feedback control theory. Two types of foggy road sections with the same visibility, one with guidance lights and one without, were selected for real-vehicle experiments based on the driver’s blood pressure, heart rate, and driving gaze domain tests. The study found the following: (1) In sudden foggy environments, the amount of driving information obtained by drivers decreases instantly with a sudden drop in visibility, failing to meet the information demand for driving cognition, thereby disrupting the dynamic balance state of driving based on speed, visibility, and other road environment factors. The experiment also found that in low-visibility environments, the radius of the human eye’s visual gaze domain becomes smaller, with the gaze range mainly concentrated directly in front of the vehicle, and the lower the visibility, the smaller the gaze domain range; (2) Foggy conditions affect changes in drivers’ blood pressure and heart rate. Installing guidance lights with sufficient illumination at foggy sections to compensate for drivers’ visual information can effectively supplement the visual information required for safe driving; (3) The experiment indicates that the guidance effect of the lights is most pronounced when visibility is within the range of [50 m, 150 m]; however, when visibility is above 500 m, the presence of guidance lights can, to some extent, affect driving safety and increase the risk of accidents.
Analysis of Crack Initiation in Hot Forging Process with the Support of the Digital Image Correlation System
Authors: Lisiecki Łukasz , Lisiecka-Graca Paulina , Karkalos Nikolaos E.
Published: January 2025

The limits of plastic deformation without failure are considered to be a measure of formability and can be estimated by the standard tests. However, the mechanical states observed during commonly used compression tests are similar to those observed in many bulk deformation processes, with an additional advantage of those tests having the possibility of applying large deformations without the risk of the appearance of necking (in tension) or material reorientation (in torsion). Thus, this study presents the results of modified compression tests under conditions of a real forging process, since knowledge of the geometrical parameters of the tools and samples makes it possible to determine the areas of stress concentration which contribute to the formation of controlled cracks. The digital image correlation system (DIC) was used to analyze the deformation parameters that lead to achieving the critical values of fracture criterion; simulations were additionally performed to confirm the reliability of predicting the location and the critical moment just before failure in the forging process under consideration. After the accuracy of the model was verified, this approach was applied to a case of backward extrusion, also correctly predicting the locations with high probability of fracture.
A Simple Step-by-Step Guide to the Design and Analysis of Unreplicated Split-Plot Experiments Through a Case Study on Molybdenum Recycling from CIGS Solar Cells
Authors: Teknetzi Ioanna , Nguyen Hai Co , Ebin Burçak
Published: January 2025

Considerable effort has been put over the last few decades into clarifying the correct design and analysis of split-plot factorial experiments. However, the information found in the literature is scattered and sometimes still not easy to grasp for non-experts. Because of the importance of split-plots for the industry and the fact that any experimenter may need to use them at some point, a detailed and step-by-step guide collecting all the available information on the fundamental methodology in one place was deemed necessary. More specifically, this paper discusses the simple case of an unreplicated split-plot factorial experiment with more than one whole-plot (WP) factors and all factors set at two levels each. Explanations on how to properly design the experiment, analyze the data, and assess the proposed model are provided. Special attention is given to clarifications on the calculations of contrasts, effects, sum of squares (SS), parameters, WP and sub-plot (SP) residuals, as well as the proper division of the proposed model into its sub-designs and sub-models for calculating measures of adequacy correctly. The application of the discussed theory is showcased by a case study on the recycling of molybdenum (Mo) from CIGS solar cells. Factors expected to affect Mo recovery were investigated and the analysis showed that all of them are significant, while the way they affect the response variable was also revealed. After reading this guide, the reader is expected to acquire a good understanding of how to work with split-plots smoothly and handle with confidence more complex split-plot types.
Cross-Technology Interference-Aware Rate Adaptation in Time-Triggered Wireless Local Area Networks
Authors: Kim Hanjin , Kim Young-Jin , Kim Won-Tae
Published: January 2025

The proliferation of IoT using heterogeneous wireless technologies within the unlicensed spectrum has intensified cross-technology interference (CTI) in wireless local area networks (WLANs). As WLANs increasingly adopt time-triggered transmission methods to support real-time services, this interference affects throughput, packet loss, and latency. This paper presents a CTI-aware rate adaptation framework designed to mitigate interference in WLANs without direct coordination with heterogeneous wireless devices. The framework includes a CTI identification model and CTI-aware rate selection algorithms. Leveraging short-time Fourier transform, the identification model captures the time–frequency–power characteristics of CTI signals, enabling the estimation of the average power of various heterogeneous wireless technologies employed by interfering devices. The rate selection algorithms predict CTI occurrence times and adjust the transmission rate accordingly, enhancing the performance of existing explicit and implicit interference mitigation methods. Experimental results demonstrated that the lightweight CTI identification model accurately estimated the average power of each type with an error margin of ±1.414 dBm, achieving this in under 1 ms on the target hardware. Additionally, applying the proposed framework to explicit interference mitigation enhanced goodput by 20.67%, reduced packet error rate by 2.38%, and decreased the probability of packets exceeding 1 ms latency by 0.932% compared to conventional methods.
A Novel Power Prediction Model Based on the Clustering Modification Method for a Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine
Authors: Kong Jing , Yu Wei , Chen Jinwei , Zhang Huisheng
Published: January 2025

Data-driven models utilizing machine learning algorithms provide an effective approach for predicting power in heavy-duty gas turbines, extracting valuable insights from large-scale operational datasets. However, global unified models often struggle to meet the accuracy requirements of all data when dealing with complex and variable operating conditions, leading to limited prediction accuracy for local conditions. To address this problem, a clustering modification method is introduced to develop a novel power prediction model for heavy-duty gas turbines. In this study, the Support Vector Regression (SVR) prediction model is combined with a k-means clustering modification model, enabling the model to adapt to different operational conditions. Operational data from an E-class gas turbine are carefully preprocessed, including filtering, noise reduction, and steady-state selection, to enhance data quality. Then, the k-means algorithm is employed to classify operational conditions, with tailored modification models trained for each category. These modification models refine predictions to accommodate variations in specific operating states. Experimental results demonstrate that the composite model achieves a 32.66% reduction in MAPE and an increase in R2 to 0.9982 compared to single-model approaches. The analysis further highlights that training the model with 70% of the annual data achieves optimal prediction accuracy and stability. Additionally, the model significantly reduces high-error occurrences, with 75% of predictions having errors below 0.2946%. This method improves the precision and adaptability of power prediction for gas turbines, providing a practical framework that enhances the reliability of real-world applications and supports the advancement of data-driven energy systems.
Study on Deformation Mechanism and Surrounding Rock Strata Control in End-Mining Retracement Roadway in Closely Spaced Coal Seams
Authors: Wang Bin , Liu Hui , Liu Dong , Zhang Jie , Lin Haifei
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to address the issue of hydraulic support crushing accidents or support failures in the retracement roadway (RR) that frequently occurs when a fully mechanized mining face is retraced during the end-mining stage. The deformation and instability mechanism of surrounding rock in the RR during the end mining of a fully mechanized mining face at the Hanjiawan Coal Mine located in the northern Shaanxi mining area is explored through field measurement, theoretical analysis, similar simulation, and numerical simulation. The results reveal that the stability of the remaining coal pillar (RCP) and the fracture position of the main roof are the main factors contributing to large-scale dynamic load pressure in the RR during the end-mining stage. The plastic zone width limit of the RCP is identified to be 5.5 m. Furthermore, the stress distribution within the RCP during the end-mining stage is determined, and the linear relationship between the load borne by the RCP and the strength of the coal pillar is quantified. A similar simulation experiment is conducted to examine the collapse and instability characteristics of the overlying rock structure during the end-mining stage. UDEC (v.5.0) software is utilized to optimize the roof support parameters of the RR. A surrounding rock control technology that integrates the anchor net cable and hydraulic chock is proposed to ensure RR stability. Meanwhile, a method involving ceasing mining operations and waiting pressure is adopted to ensure a safe and smooth connection between the working face and the RR. This study provides a reference for the surrounding rock control of the RR during end mining in shallow, closely-spaced coal seams under similar conditions.
The Use of a Virtual Reality Training System on Gross Motor Function and Balance in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Multiple Single-Subject Experimental Report
Authors: Kolezoi Antigoni , Lepoura Alexandra , Christakou Anna , Chrysagis Nikolaos , Lalou Panagiota , Sakellari Vasiliki
Published: January 2025

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neuromotor disorder affecting movement, muscle tone, and posture, leading to difficulties in motor coordination, balance, and strength. Virtual reality (VR) games offer an interactive method to engage children in a non-real environment, potentially improving balance and motor function. This study aimed to explore the impact of a VR-based balance system on gross motor function and balance in children with CP. Four participants (two boys and two girls, mean age 9.75 ± 3.41) were assessed at three time points: pre-treatment, six weeks post-initial assessment, and two weeks after intervention. Using tools like the Gross Motor Function Measure Scale (GMFMS), Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), and Gross Motor Performance Measure (GMPM), the study found significant improvements in gross motor skills, balance, and motor performance with the use of the Nintendo Wii Balance Board within conventional physiotherapy. Further research is recommended to refine intervention parameters, incorporate additional outcome measures, and assess broader applicability, including for children with conditions like ADHD.
Investigation of Flow Characteristics in Valveless Piezoelectric Pumps with Airfoil Baffles at Varying Angles of Attack
Authors: Huang Jun , Affane Hiba , Zhang Bo , Kuang Ming , Xiong Jian , Zhang Siyao
Published: January 2025

To investigate the impact of airfoil angle of attack on the output performance of a valveless piezoelectric pump with airfoil baffles, this study conducted comprehensive performance tests and full-flow field simulations of piezoelectric pumps across a range of angles. At a driving voltage of 100 V and with a Clark Y airfoil set at an angle of 0°, the piezoelectric pump reached a peak output flow rate of 200.7 mL/min. An increase in the angle of attack corresponded to a decline in both the maximum output flow rate and the maximum back pressure of the pump. Flow field simulation results demonstrated that an increased airfoil angle of attack led to a gradual increase in entropy production within the piezoelectric pump. Turbulent dissipation and wall entropy production were found to be more pronounced compared to viscous entropy production. High turbulent dissipation was primarily observed at the pump chamber inlet, the trailing edges of the airfoils in both the inlet and outlet pipes, and the outlet bend. As the angle of attack increased, the complexity of the vortex core structures within the flow field escalated as well. Regions with significant wall entropy production were notably concentrated at the outlet bend.
Schumann Resonances and the Human Body: Questions About Interactions, Problems and Prospects
Authors: Nevoit Ganna , Landauskas Mantas , McCarty Rollin , Bumblyte Inga Arune , Potyazhenko Maksim , Taletaviciene Giedre , Jarusevicius Gediminas , Vainoras Alfonsas
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: The interaction between the human body and the Earth’s magnetic field at Schumann resonances (SRs) is one of the important fundamental questions of science that continues to be studied. The aim of this study was to create a working theoretical foundation for the interaction of the human body with SRs. (2) Methods: Extensive research was carried out in the literature with the aim of comprehensively presenting data on SRs and creating a working concept of their interaction with the human body. (3) Results: General data on SRs, a theoretical basis for justifying their interaction with the human body, possible mechanisms of influence and research results on the functioning of human internal organs were presented. (4) An interaction of the human body with SRs exists and has been scientifically proven. This interaction has been studied most significantly between SRs and the human nervous system. SRs affect functional indicators of the cardiovascular system: heart rate and blood pressure. Studying the influence of SRs on the course and pathogenesis of non-communicable diseases is a promising direction. Low-frequency SRs decrease the risk of developing acute myocardial infarction, and there is a tendency for them to promote cases of chronic kidney disease. SRs are an important external natural factor influencing the human body.