bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Destabilisation and modification of Tollmien–Schlichting disturbances by a three-dimensional surface indentation
Authors: Xu Hui , Mughal Shahid M. , Gowree Erwin R. , Atkin Chris J. , Sherwin Spencer J.
Published: April 2017

We consider the influence of a smooth three-dimensional (3-D) indentation on the instability of an incompressible boundary layer by linear and nonlinear analyses. The numerical work was complemented by an experimental study to investigate indentations of approximately $11\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{99}$ and $22\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{99}$ width at depths of 45 %, 52 % and 60 % of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{99}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{99}$ indicates 99% boundary layer thickness. For these indentations a separation bubble confined within the indentation arises. Upstream of the indentation, spanwise-uniform Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves are assumed to exist, with the objective to investigate how the 3-D surface indentation modifies the 2-D TS disturbance. Numerical corroboration against experimental data reveals good quantitative agreement. Comparing the structure of the 3-D separation bubble to that created by a purely 2-D indentation, there are a number of topological changes particularly in the case of the widest indentation; more rapid amplification and modification of the upstream TS waves along the symmetry plane of the indentation is observed. For the shortest indentations, beyond a certain depth there are then no distinct topological changes of the separation bubbles and hence on flow instability. The destabilising mechanism is found to be due to the confined separation bubble and is attributed to the inflectional instability of the separated shear layer. Finally for the widest width indentation investigated ($22\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{99}$), results of the linear analysis are compared with direct numerical simulations. A comparison with the traditional criteria of using $N$-factors to assess instability of properly 3-D disturbances reveals that a general indication of flow destabilisation and development of strongly nonlinear behaviour is indicated as $N=6$ values are attained. However $N$-factors, based on linear models, can only be used to provide indications and severity of the destabilisation, since the process of disturbance breakdown to turbulence is inherently nonlinear and dependent on the magnitude and scope of the initial forcing.
Estimating the real incidence of invasive listeriosis through an integrated surveillance model in use in Lombardy (Italy, 2006–2014)
Authors: ZOLIN A. , AMATO E. , D'AURIA M. , GORI M. , HUEDO P. , BOSSI A. , PONTELLO M.
Published: April 2017

The annual incidence of listeriosis in Italy is lower (0·19–0·27 per 100 000 inhabitants per year) than in Europe (0·34–0·52 per 100 000 inhabitants per year). Since the observed incidence of listeriosis may be biased downward for underdiagnosis or under-reporting, this work aims to estimate the real incidence of listeriosis during a 9-year period in the Lombardy region, Italy. Data on listeriosis cases were collected from national mandatory notification system (MAINF) and Laboratory-based Surveillance System (LabSS). The two sources were cross-matched and capture–recapture method was applied to estimate the number of undetected cases and the real incidence of invasive listeriosis. Five hundred and eighty invasive listeriosis cases were detected by the two sources between 2006 and 2014: 50·2% were identified only via MAINF, 16·7% were recorded only via LabSS, overlaps occurred in 192 cases (33·1%). The mean annual incidence detected only by MAINF was 0·56 per 100 000 inhabitants, which rose to 0·67 per 100 000 considering also the cases detected by LabSS. The capture–recapture method allowed to estimate an incidence of 0·84 per 100 000. The high incidence of listeriosis may be due to improved sensitivity of the surveillance system, but also reflect a real increase, associated with an increased population at risk.
Human papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine for cancer prevention: a systematic review of the available evidence
Authors: SIGNORELLI C. , ODONE A. , CIORBA V. , CELLA P. , AUDISIO R. A. , LOMBARDI A. , MARIANI L. , MENNINI F. S. , PECORELLI S. , REZZA G. , ZUCCOTTI G.V. , PERACINO A.
Published: April 2017

In 2014, the Food and Drug Administration approved a new human papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine (9vHPV), targeting nine HPV types: HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18, which are also targeted by the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV), plus five additional high cancer risk HPV types (HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58). The aim of the current study was to systematically retrieve, qualitatively and quantitatively pool, as well as critically appraise all available evidence on 9vHPV from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We conducted a systematic review of the literature on 9vHPV efficacy, immunogenicity and safety, as well as a systematic search of registered, completed, and ongoing RCTs. We retrieved and screened 227 records for eligibility. A total of 10 publications reported on RCTs’ results on 9vHPV and were included in the review. Sixteen RCTs on 9vHPV have been registered on RCT registries. There is evidence that 9vHPV generated a response to HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 that was non-inferior to qHPV. Vaccine efficacy against five additional HPV type-related diseases was directly assessed on females aged 16–26 years (risk reduction against high-grade cervical, vulvar or vaginal disease = 96·7%, 95% CI 80·9%–99·8%). Bridging efficacy was demonstrated for males and females aged 9–15 years and males aged 16–26 years (the lower bound of the 95% CIs of both the geometric mean titer ratio and difference in seroconversion rates meeting the criteria for non-inferiority for all HPV types). Overall, 9vHPV has been proved to be safe and well tolerated. Other RCTs addressed: 9vHPV co-administration with other vaccines, 9vHPV administration in subjects that previously received qHPV and 9vHPV efficacy in regimens containing fewer than three doses. The inclusion of additional HPV types in 9vHPV offers great potential to expand protection against HPV infection. However, the impact of 9vHPV on reducing the global burden of HPV-related disease will greatly depend on vaccine uptake, coverage, availability, and affordability.
Seed ecology: a diverse and vibrant field of study
Authors: Baskin Carol C.
Published: April 2017

My purpose is to introduce a special issue of Seed Science Research devoted to papers resulting from material presented at Seed Ecology V held in Caeté, Brazil on 21–25 August 2016. An overview of the field of seed ecology is presented that includes a short summary of what I consider to be the eight basic subcategories of this field, and the five new areas of investigation that have developed as extensions and/or recombinations of basic areas. Seed ecology conferences allow researchers to communicate with each other and build new collaborative relationships. At Seed Ecology V, information was presented that related to each area of seed ecology. The nine papers in this special issue are a small sample of the information presented at the meeting, and each paper is briefly described and placed into one of the subcategories of seed ecology research.
Dam Discharge Events Alter Water Flow in an Estuary in Spain
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: April 2017

Three-year observations suggest that increased sediment concentrations inhibit vertical transfer of momentum between water layers for more than 2 months after a high-discharge event.
Thousands March Worldwide in Support of Science
Authors: Wendel JoAnna , Showstack Randy , Weiss Peter , den Hond Bas
Published: April 2017

Science enthusiasts descended on the National Mall in Washington, D. C., and demonstrated in more than 600 cities and other places globally in support of science and evidence-based decision-making.
Iranian Scientist Reflects on Trump’s Attempted Immigration Ban
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: April 2017

Eos caught up with Solmaz Adeli, an Iranian researcher based in Germany who was almost barred from entering the United States for an important scientific meeting.
Two-dimensional Mo1.33C MXene with divacancy ordering prepared from parent 3D laminate with in-plane chemical ordering
Authors: Tao Quanzheng , Dahlqvist Martin , Lu Jun , Kota Sankalp , Meshkian Rahele , Halim Joseph , Palisaitis Justinas , Hultman Lars , Barsoum Michel W. , Persson Per O.Å. , Rosen Johanna
Published: April 2017

The exploration of two-dimensional solids is an active area of materials discovery. Research in this area has given us structures spanning graphene to dichalcogenides, and more recently 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes). One of the challenges now is to master ordering within the atomic sheets. Herein, we present a top-down, high-yield, facile route for the controlled introduction of ordered divacancies in MXenes. By designing a parent 3D atomic laminate, (Mo2/3Sc1/3)2AlC, with in-plane chemical ordering, and by selectively etching the Al and Sc atoms, we show evidence for 2D Mo1.33C sheets with ordered metal divacancies and high electrical conductivities. At ∼1,100 F cm−3, this 2D material exhibits a 65% higher volumetric capacitance than its counterpart, Mo2C, with no vacancies, and one of the highest volumetric capacitance values ever reported, to the best of our knowledge. This structural design on the atomic scale may alter and expand the concept of property-tailoring of 2D materials.
Exploiting induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages to unravel host factors influencing Chlamydia trachomatis pathogenesis
Authors: Yeung Amy T. Y. , Hale Christine , Lee Amy H. , Gill Erin E. , Bushell Wendy , Parry-Smith David , Goulding David , Pickard Derek , Roumeliotis Theodoros , Choudhary Jyoti , Thomson Nick , Skarnes William C. , Dougan Gordon , Hancock Robert E. W.
Published: April 2017

Chlamydia trachomatis remains a leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections and preventable blindness worldwide. There are, however, limited in vitro models to study the role of host genetics in the response of macrophages to this obligate human pathogen. Here, we describe an approach using macrophages derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSdMs) to study macrophage–Chlamydia interactions in vitro. We show that iPSdMs support the full infectious life cycle of C. trachomatis in a manner that mimics the infection of human blood-derived macrophages. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of the macrophage response to chlamydial infection highlighted the role of the type I interferon and interleukin 10-mediated responses. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated biallelic knockout mutations in host genes encoding IRF5 and IL-10RA in iPSCs, and confirmed their roles in limiting chlamydial infection in macrophages. This model can potentially be extended to other pathogens and tissue systems to advance our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and the role of human genetics in influencing the outcome of infections.
Spatial computation of intratumoral T cells correlates with survival of patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Carstens Julienne L. , Correa de Sampaio Pedro , Yang Dalu , Barua Souptik , Wang Huamin , Rao Arvind , Allison James P. , LeBleu Valerie S. , Kalluri Raghu
Published: April 2017

The exact nature and dynamics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) immune composition remains largely unknown. Desmoplasia is suggested to polarize PDAC immunity. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of the composition and distribution of desmoplastic elements and T-cell infiltration is necessary to delineate their roles. Here we develop a novel computational imaging technology for the simultaneous evaluation of eight distinct markers, allowing for spatial analysis of distinct populations within the same section. We report a heterogeneous population of infiltrating T lymphocytes. Spatial distribution of cytotoxic T cells in proximity to cancer cells correlates with increased overall patient survival. Collagen-I and αSMA+fibroblasts do not correlate with paucity in T-cell accumulation, suggesting that PDAC desmoplasia may not be a simple physical barrier. Further exploration of this technology may improve our understanding of how specific stromal composition could impact T-cell activity, with potential impact on the optimization of immune-modulatory therapies.
Tet2 loss leads to hypermutagenicity in haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Pan Feng , Wingo Thomas S. , Zhao Zhigang , Gao Rui , Makishima Hideki , Qu Guangbo , Lin Li , Yu Miao , Ortega Janice R. , Wang Jiapeng , Nazha Aziz , Chen Li , Yao Bing , Liu Can , Chen Shi , Weeks Ophelia , Ni Hongyu , Phillips Brittany Lynn , Huang Suming , Wang Jianlong , He Chuan , Li Guo-Min , Radivoyevitch Tomas , Aifantis Iannis , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Yang Feng-Chun , Jin Peng , Xu Mingjiang
Published: April 2017

TET2 is a dioxygenase that catalyses multiple steps of 5-methylcytosine oxidation. Although TET2 mutations frequently occur in various types of haematological malignancies, the mechanism by which they increase risk for these cancers remains poorly understood. Here we show that Tet2−/− mice develop spontaneous myeloid, T- and B-cell malignancies after long latencies. Exome sequencing of Tet2−/− tumours reveals accumulation of numerous mutations, including Apc, Nf1, Flt3, Cbl, Notch1 and Mll2, which are recurrently deleted/mutated in human haematological malignancies. Single-cell-targeted sequencing of wild-type and premalignant Tet2−/− Lin−c-Kit+ cells shows higher mutation frequencies in Tet2−/− cells. We further show that the increased mutational burden is particularly high at genomic sites that gained 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, where TET2 normally binds. Furthermore, TET2-mutated myeloid malignancy patients have significantly more mutational events than patients with wild-type TET2. Thus, Tet2 loss leads to hypermutagenicity in haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, suggesting a novel TET2 loss-mediated mechanism of haematological malignancy pathogenesis.
DNA replication licensing factor Cdc6 and Plk4 kinase antagonistically regulate centrosome duplication via Sas-6
Authors: Xu Xiaowei , Huang Shijiao , Zhang Boyan , Huang Fan , Chi Wangfei , Fu Jingyan , Wang Gang , Li Si , Jiang Qing , Zhang Chuanmao
Published: April 2017

Centrosome number is tightly controlled during the cell cycle to ensure proper spindle assembly and cell division. However, the underlying mechanism that controls centrosome number remains largely unclear. We show herein that the DNA replication licensing factor Cdc6 is recruited to the proximal side of the centrioles via cyclin A to negatively regulate centrosome duplication by binding and inhibiting the cartwheel protein Sas-6 from forming a stable complex with another centriole duplication core protein, STIL. We further demonstrate that Cdc6 colocalizes with Plk4 at the centrosome, and interacts with Plk4 during S phase. Plk4 disrupts the interaction between Sas-6 and Cdc6, and suppresses the inhibitory role of Cdc6 on Sas-6 by phosphorylating Cdc6. Overexpressing wild-type Cdc6 or Plk4-unphosphorylatable Cdc6 mutant 2A reduces centrosome over-duplication caused by Plk4 overexpression or hydroxyurea treatment. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Cdc6 and Plk4 antagonistically control proper centrosome duplication during the cell cycle.
Variable phenotype expression in a family segregating microdeletions of the NRXN1 and MBD5 autism spectrum disorder susceptibility genes
Authors: Woodbury-Smith Marc , Nicolson Rob , Zarrei Mehdi , Yuen Ryan K. C. , Walker Susan , Howe Jennifer , Uddin Mohammed , Hoang Ny , Buchanan Janet A. , Chrysler Christina , Thompson Ann , Szatmari Peter , Scherer Stephen W.
Published: April 2017

Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental condition of early childhood onset, which impacts socio-communicative functioning and is principally genetic in etiology. Currently, more than 50 genomic loci are deemed to be associated with susceptibility to autism spectrum disorder, showing de novo and inherited unbalanced copy number variants and smaller insertions and deletions (indels), more complex structural variants, as well as single-nucleotide variants deemed of pathological significance. However, the phenotypes associated with many of these genes are variable, and penetrance is largely unelaborated in clinical descriptions. This case report describes a family harboring two copy number variant microdeletions, which affect regions of NRXN1 and MBD5—each well-established in association with risk of autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Although each copy number variant would likely be categorized as pathologically significant, both genomic alterations are transmitted in this family from an unaffected father to the proband, and shared by an unaffected sibling. This family case illustrates the importance of recognizing that phenotype can vary among exon overlapping variants of the same gene, and the need to evaluate penetrance of such variants in order to properly inform on risks.
Implantable strain sensor to monitor fracture healing with standard radiography
Authors: Pelham Hunter , Benza Donald , Millhouse Paul W. , Carrington Nathan , Arifuzzaman Md. , Behrend Caleb J. , Anker Jeffrey N. , DesJardins John D.
Published: April 2017

Current orthopaedic clinical methods do not provide an objective measure of fracture healing or weight bearing for lower extremity fractures. The following report describes a novel approach involving in-situ strain sensors to objectively measure fracture healing. The sensor uses a cantilevered indicator pin that responds to plate bending and an internal scale to demonstrate changes in the pin position on plain film radiographs. The long lever arm amplifies pin movement compared to interfragmentary motion, and the scale enables more accurate measurement of position changes. Testing with a human cadaver comminuted metaphyseal tibia fracture specimen demonstrated over 2.25 mm of reproducible sensor displacement on radiographs with as little as 100 N of axial compressive loading. Finite element simulations determined that pin displacement decreases as the fracture callus stiffens and that pin motion is linearly related to the strain in the callus. These results indicate that an implanted strain sensor is an effective tool to help assess bone healing after internal fixation and could provide an objective clinical measure for return to weight bearing.
High Performance and Low power Monolithic Three-Dimensional Sub-50 nm Poly Si Thin film transistor (TFTs) Circuits
Authors: Wu Tsung-Ta , Huang Wen-Hsien , Yang Chih-Chao , Chen Hung-Chun , Hsieh Tung-Ying , Lin Wei-Sheng , Kao Ming-Hsuan , Chen Chiu-Hao , Yao Jie-Yi , Jian Yi-Ling , Hsu Chiung-Chih , Lin Kun-Lin , Shen Chang-Hong , Chueh Yu-Lun , Shieh Jia-Min
Published: April 2017

Development of manufacture trend for TFTs technologies has focused on improving electrical properties of films with the cost reduction to achieve commercialization. To achieve this goal, high-performance sub-50 nm TFTs-based MOSFETs with ON-current (Ion)/subthreshold swing (S.S.) of 181 µA/µm/107 mV/dec and 188 µA/µm/98 mV/dec for NMOSFETs and PMOSFETs in a monolithic 3D circuit were demonstrated by a low power with low thermal budget process. In addition, a stackable static random access memory (SRAM) integrated with TFTs-based MOSFET with static noise margins (SNM) equals to 390 mV at VDD = 1.0 V was demonstrated. Overall processes include a low thermal budget via ultra-flat and ultra-thin poly-Si channels by solid state laser crystallization process, chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) planarization, plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) gate stacking layers and infrared laser activation with a low thermal budget. Detailed material and electrical properties were investigated. The advanced 3D architecture with closely spaced inter-layer dielectrics (ILD) enables high-performance stackable MOSFETs and SRAM for power-saving IoT/mobile products at a low cost or flexible substrate.
Majorana fermions in the nonuniform Ising-Kitaev chain: exact solution
Authors: Narozhny Boris
Published: April 2017

A quantum computer based on Majorana qubits would contain a large number of zero-energy Majorana states. This system can be modelled as a connected network of the Ising-Kitaev chains alternating the “trivial” and “topological” regions, with the zero-energy Majorana fermions localized at their interfaces. The low-energy sector of the theory describing such a network can be formulated in terms of leading-order couplings between the Majorana zero modes. I consider a minimal model exhibiting effective couplings between four Majorana zero modes – the nonuniform Ising-Kitaev chain, containing two “topological” regions separated by a “trivial” region. Solving the model exactly, I show that for generic values of the model parameters the four zero modes are localized at the four interface points of the chain. In the special case where additional inversion symmetry is present, the Majorana zero modes are “delocalized” between two interface points. In both cases, the low-energy sector of the theory can be formulated in terms of the localized Majorana fermions, but the couplings between some of them are independent of their respective separations: the exact solution does not support the “nearest-neighbor” form of the effective low-energy Hamiltonian.
Ocular Pathology of Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome of Lowe: Novel Mutations and Genotype-Phenotype Analysis
Authors: Song Emilie , Luo Na , Alvarado Jorge A. , Lim Maria , Walnuss Cathleen , Neely Daniel , Spandau Dan , Ghaffarieh Alireza , Sun Yang
Published: April 2017

Mutations in the OCRL1 gene result in the oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe, with symptoms including congenital bilateral cataracts, glaucoma, renal failure, and neurological impairments. OCRL1 encodes an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase which preferentially dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositide 4,5 bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). We have identified two novel mutations in two unrelated Lowe syndrome patients with congenital glaucoma. Novel deletion mutations are detected at c.739-742delAAAG in Lowe patient 1 and c.1595-1631del in Lowe patient 2. End stage glaucoma in patient 2 resulted in the enucleation of the eye, which on histology demonstrated corneal keloid, fibrous infiltration of the angle, ectropion uvea, retinal gliosis, and retinal ganglion cell loss. We measured OCRL protein levels in patient keratinocytes and found that Lowe 1 patient cells had significantly reduced OCRL protein as compared to the control keratinocytes. Genotype-phenotype correlation of OCRL1 mutations associated with congenital glaucoma revealed clustering of missense and deletion mutations in the 5-phosphatase domain and the RhoGAP-like domain. In conclusion, we report novel OCRL1 mutations in Lowe syndrome patients and the corresponding histopathologic analysis of one patient’s ocular pathology.
Controllable design of super-oscillatory lenses with multiple sub-diffraction-limit foci
Authors: Li Muyuan , Li Wenli , Li Haoyong , Zhu Yechuan , Yu Yiting
Published: April 2017

The conventional multifocal optical elements cannot precisely control the focal number, spot size, as well as the energy distribution in between. Here, the binary amplitude-type super-oscillatory lens (SOL) is utilized, and a robust and universal optimization method based on the vectorial angular spectrum (VAS) theory and the genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed, aiming to achieve the required focusing performance with arbitrary number of foci in preset energy distribution. Several typical designs of multifocal SOLs are demonstrated. Verified by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical simulation, the designed multifocal SOLs agree well with the specific requirements. Moreover, the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the achieved focal spots is close to λ/3 for all the cases (λ being the operating wavelength), which successfully breaks the diffraction limit. In addition, the designed SOLs are partially insensitive to the incident polarization state, functioning very well for both the linear polarization and circular polarization. The optimization method presented provides a useful design strategy for realizing a multiple sub-diffraction-limit foci field of SOLs. This research can find its potentials in such fields as parallel particle trapping and high-resolution microscopy imaging.
Modulation of van der Waals and classical epitaxy induced by strain at the Si step edges in GeSbTe alloys
Authors: Zallo Eugenio , Cecchi Stefano , Boschker Jos E. , Mio Antonio M. , Arciprete Fabrizio , Privitera Stefania , Calarco Raffaella
Published: April 2017

The present work displays a route to design strain gradients at the interface between substrate and van der Waals bonded materials. The latter are expected to grow decoupled from the substrates and fully relaxed and thus, by definition, incompatible with conventional strain engineering. By the usage of passivated vicinal surfaces we are able to insert strain at step edges of layered chalcogenides, as demonstrated by the tilt of the epilayer in the growth direction with respect of the substrate orientation. The interplay between classical and van der Waals epitaxy can be modulated with an accurate choice of the substrate miscut. High quality crystalline GexSb2Te3+x with almost Ge1Sb2Te4 composition and improved degree of ordering of the vacancy layers is thus obtained by epitaxial growth of layers on 3–4° stepped Si substrates. These results highlight that it is possible to build and control strain in van der Waals systems, therefore opening up new prospects for the functionalization of epilayers by directly employing vicinal substrates.
SSGA and MSGA: two seed-growing algorithms for constructing collaborative subnetworks
Authors: Ji Xiaohui , Chen Su , Li Jun Cheng , Deng Wenping , Wei Zhigang , Wei Hairong
Published: April 2017

The establishment of a collaborative network of transcription factors (TFs) followed by decomposition and then construction of subnetworks is an effective way to obtain sets of collaborative TFs; each set controls a biological process or a complex trait. We previously developed eight gene association methods for genome-wide coexpression analysis between each TF and all other genomic genes and ﻿then﻿ constructing collaborative networks of TFs but only one algorithm, called Triple-Link Algorithm, for building collaborative subnetworks. In this study, we developed two more algorithms, Single Seed-Growing Algorithm (SSGA) and Multi-Seed Growing Algorithm (MSGA), for building collaborative subnetworks of TFs by identifying the fully-linked triple-node seeds from a decomposed collaborative network and then growing them into subnetworks with two different strategies. The subnetworks built from the three algorithms described above were comparatively appraised in terms of both functional cohesion and intra-subnetwork association strengths versus inter-subnetwork association strengths. We concluded that SSGA and MSGA, which performed more systemic comparisons and analyses of edge weights and network connectivity during subnetwork construction processes, yielded more functional and cohesive subnetworks than Triple-Link Algorithm. Together, these three algorithms provide alternate approaches for acquiring subnetworks of collaborative TFs. We also presented a framework to outline how to use these three algorithms to obtain collaborative TF sets governing biological processes or complex traits.
The first Late Triassic Chinese triadophlebiomorphan (Insecta: Odonatoptera): biogeographic implications
Authors: Zheng Daran , Nel André , Wang He , Wang Bo , Jarzembowski Edmund A. , Chang Su-Chin , Zhang Haichun
Published: April 2017

The clade Triadophlebiomorpha represents a morphological ‘link’ between the Paleozoic griffenflies (Meganisoptera) and the modern taxa. Nevertheless they are relatively poorly known in the body structures and paleobiogeography. The Triassic dragonfly is extremely rare in China with only one previously recorded. A new family, Sinotriadophlebiidae Zheng, Nel et Zhang fam. nov., for the genus and species Sinotriadophlebia lini Zheng, Nel et Zhang gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Upper Triassic Baijiantan Formation of Xinjiang, northwestern China. It is the second Chinese Triassic odonatopteran and the second largest Mesozoic representative of this superorder in China. The discovery provides new information for the clade Triadophlebiomorpha during the Late Triassic and expands its distribution and diversity in Asia. The find reflects a close relationship between the two Triassic entomofaunas from Kyrgyzstan and the Junggar Basin, and provides a Carnian age constraint on the lowermost part of the Baijiantan Formation.
Complex multifractal nature in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome
Authors: Mandal Saurav , Roychowdhury Tanmoy , Chirom Keilash , Bhattacharya Alok , Brojen Singh R. K.
Published: April 2017

The mutifractal and long range correlation (C(r)) properties of strings, such as nucleotide sequence can be a useful parameter for identification of underlying patterns and variations. In this study C(r) and multifractal singularity function f(α) have been used to study variations in the genomes of a pathogenic bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Genomic sequences of M. tuberculosis isolates displayed significant variations in C(r) and f(α) reflecting inherent differences in sequences among isolates. M. tuberculosis isolates can be categorised into different subgroups based on sensitivity to drugs, these are DS (drug sensitive isolates), MDR (multi-drug resistant isolates) and XDR (extremely drug resistant isolates). C(r) follows significantly different scaling rules in different subgroups of isolates, but all the isolates follow one parameter scaling law. The richness in complexity of each subgroup can be quantified by the measures of multifractal parameters displaying a pattern in which XDR isolates have highest value and lowest for drug sensitive isolates. Therefore C(r) and multifractal functions can be useful parameters for analysis of genomic sequences.
Highly effective ammonia removal in a series of Brønsted acidic porous polymers: investigation of chemical and structural variations
Authors: Barin Gokhan , Peterson Gregory W. , Crocellà Valentina , Xu Jun , Colwell Kristen A. , Nandy Aditya , Reimer Jeffrey A. , Bordiga Silvia , Long Jeffrey R.
Published: April 2017

Efficient removal of ammonia from air is demonstrated in a series of Brønsted acidic porous polymers under dry and humid conditions. The impact of acidic group strength and their spatial distribution on the ammonia uptake is investigated systematically.
BSA directed-synthesis of biocompatible Fe3O4 nanoparticles for dual-modal T1 and T2 MR imaging in vivo
Authors: Li Dong , Hua Minghui , Fang Kun , Liang Rong
Published: April 2017

Bovine serum albumin-Fe3O4 nanoparticles with undoubted biosafety and robust dual-modal T1 and T2 MR imaging ability were fabricated using a biomineralization approach in a facile way under mild conditions for in vivo MR imaging.
Photochemistry of ruthenium(ii) complexes based on 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene and 2,2′-bipyrazine: a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Kajouj Sofia , Marcélis Lionel , Lemaur Vincent , Beljonne David , Moucheron Cécile
Published: April 2017

Comprehensive study of ruthenium complexes based on 2,2′-bipyrazine and 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene, which can be used as photoreactive materials for biomedical applications.
Novel bipharmacophoric inhibitors of the cholinesterases with affinity to the muscarinic receptors M1and M2
Authors: Messerer Regina , Dallanoce Clelia , Matera Carlo , Wehle Sarah , Flammini Lisa , Chirinda Brian , Bock Andreas , Irmen Matthias , Tränkle Christian , Barocelli Elisabetta , Decker Michael , Sotriffer Christoph , De Amici Marco , Holzgrabe Ulrike
Published: April 2017

Hybrids of allosteric modulators of the muscarinic receptor and the AChE inhibitor tacrine and the orthosteric muscarinic agonists iperoxo and isox were synthesized.
Regioselective dehydration of α-hydroxymethyl tetrahydrofurans using Burgess’ reagent under microwave irradiation
Authors: Gross Leona J. , Stark Christian B. W.
Published: April 2017

We here present a highly efficient and high yielding procedure for the preparation of 2-vinyl tetrahydrofurans starting from α-hydroxymethyl tetrahydrofurans.
18F-Labelling of electron rich iodonium ylides: application to the radiosynthesis of potential 5-HT2A receptor PET ligands
Authors: Petersen I. N. , Villadsen J. , Hansen H. D. , Madsen J. , Jensen A. A. , Gillings N. , Lehel S. , Herth M. M. , Knudsen G. M. , Kristensen J. L.
Published: April 2017

Nucleophilic 18F-labelling of electron aromatic systems.
One-pot sequential reaction to 2-substituted-phenanthridinones from N-methoxybenzamides
Authors: Liang Dongdong , Sersen Deanna , Yang Chao , Deschamps Jeffrey R. , Imler Gregory H. , Jiang Chao , Xue Fengtian
Published: April 2017

A one-pot synthesis of 2-bromo/chloro-phenanthridinones via an amidation of arenes followed by a regioselective halogenation reaction has been developed using a hypervalent iodine reagent.
Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed ortho-C–H arylation of diverse N-heterocycles with aryl silanes by exploiting solvent-controlled N-coordination
Authors: Nareddy Pradeep , Jordan Frank , Szostak Michal
Published: April 2017

We report the first method for the direct, regioselective Ru(ii)-catalyzed oxidative arylation of C–H bonds in diverse N-heterocycles with aryl silanes by exploiting solvent-controlled N-coordination.
Lighting up the interactions between bacteria and surfactants with aggregation-induced emission characteristics
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Jiao Lulu , Zhong Jinpan , Guan Weijiang , Lu Chao
Published: April 2017

A schematic illustration of the interactions between aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active surfactants and Gram-negativeE. coli.
Resistive switching and related magnetization switching in Pt/BiFeO3/Nb:SrTiO3 heterostructures
Authors: Zhao Meng , Zhu Yongdan , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Tingting , Qiu Da , Lai Guohong , Hu Cheng , Wang Qiangwen , Zhang Feng , Li Meiya
Published: April 2017

We report the coexistence of nonvolatile resistive and magnetization switching in Pt/BFO/Nb:SrTiO3 heterostructures.
Improving gene regulatory network structure using redundancy reduction in the MRNET algorithm
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhu Wen , Liao Bo , Chen Haowen , Ren Siqi , Cai Lijun
Published: April 2017

Inferring gene regulatory networks from expression data is a central problem in systems biology.
Heat-up synthesis of Cu2SnS3 quantum dots for near infrared photodetection
Authors: Dias Sandra , Kumawat Kishan Lal , Biswas Shinjini , Krupanidhi S. B.
Published: April 2017

Cu2SnS3 quantum dots were synthesized using a heat-up method and the infrared photoresponse was studied under infrared lamp, 1150 and 1064 nm lasers.
Disposal of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) by grinding assisted with sodium persulfate
Authors: Yan Xue , Liu Xitao , Qi Chengdu , Lin Chunye , Li Peizhong , Wang Haijian
Published: April 2017

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) has been widely used as a flame retardant in polystyrene and textiles, and is ubiquitous in all kinds of environmental media.
A multi-functional iodoplumbate-based hybrid crystal: 1-propyl-4-aminopyridinium triiodoplumbate
Authors: Duan Hai-Bao , Yu Shan-Shan , Liu Shao-Xian , Zhang Hui
Published: April 2017

The temperature-dependent photoluminescence, dielectric and impedance spectra, as well as crystal structures have been investigated for the iodoplumbate-based hybrid crystal, [C3-Apy][PbI3] (1) (C3-Apy+ = 1-propyl-4-aminopyridinium).
“On demand” redox buffering by H2S contributes to antibiotic resistance revealed by a bacteria-specific H2S donor
Authors: Shukla Prashant , Khodade Vinayak S. , SharathChandra Mallojjala , Chauhan Preeti , Mishra Saurabh , Siddaramappa Shivakumara , Pradeep Bulagonda Eswarappa , Singh Amit , Chakrapani Harinath
Published: April 2017

Enhancement of hydrogen sulfide in bacteria reveals a key role for this gas in mediating antibiotic resistance.
Distributed multi‐area WLS state estimation integrating measurements weight update
Authors: Kang Jeong‐Won , Choi Dae‐Hyun
Published: April 2017

This study proposes an efficient and accurate method for updating measurements weight in a distributed multi‐area power system state estimation. In general, a power system state estimation is formulated in a weighted least squares (WLS) problem where the selection of weights for various types of measurements is one of the key factors for maintaining the accuracy of state estimation. The authors develop a weight updating algorithm based on the proposed scheme in a distributed state estimation. In the proposed scheme, which includes pseudo measurements to enhance the measurement redundancy at the local and the global levels, the developed weight update approach along with the weight adjustment equations for pseudo measurements can improve the accuracy and convergence speed of the measurements weight updating. A simulation study is performed in the IEEE 30‐bus and 118‐bus systems, and the results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach over the conventional approach in terms of the capability for bad data detection as well as the accuracy of the updated weight and estimation solution and the convergence speed.
Design of high‐speed gate driver to reduce switching loss and mitigate parasitic effects for SiC MOSFET
Authors: Yin Shan , Tseng King Jet , Tong Chin Foong , Simanjorang Rejeki
Published: April 2017

The high switching speed in a silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) will aggravate the parasitic effects (di/dt and dv/dt) arising from the interaction with parasitic elements. In this project, a high‐speed gate driver has been developed and optimised for the commercially available SiC MOSFET power module. The impact of various parasitic parameters on parasitic effects is initially evaluated. Then, an improved gate‐assisted circuit is proposed with a local low‐impedance path for both discharging and Cdv/dt currents. It allows maximised turn‐off speed (dv/dt up to 36 V/ns) and minimised turn‐off loss (reduction up to 70%). It also produces a reduction in electromagnetic interference. The gate voltage spike due to Cdv/dt current is reduced below the threshold voltage at various testing conditions.
Performance optimisation of multiple‐input multiple‐output radar for mainlobe interference suppression in a spectrum sharing environment
Authors: Chen Cheng , Li Hongtao , Hu Heng , Zhu Xiaohua , Yuan Zeshi
Published: April 2017

In a spectrum sharing environment, multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar cannot effectively suppress mainlobe interference of the wireless communication system by adaptive beamforming. In this study, the initial phases optimisation of transmit waveforms is given to suppress the mainlobe interference for MIMO radar. Maximising the output signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) is employed as the optimisation criterion. Since the optimisation problem is a unimodular quadratic program which is NP‐hard, three optimisation algorithms are presented to tackle it, based on the semi‐definite relaxation, the phase‐only variable metric and power method like iterations, respectively. Finally, the proposed methods are evaluated with computer simulations of beampttern and SINR performance.
Short‐term forecasting of ionospheric total electron content over a low‐latitude global navigation satellite system station
Authors: Sivavaraprasad Gampala , Ratnam D. Venkata
Published: April 2017

The prediction and forecasting of ionospheric delay at equatorial and low‐latitude regions is an essential contribution for improving the global positioning system services. In this study, hybrid auto‐regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models are implemented based on wavelet transform (WT) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for 1 h ahead forecast of ionospheric total electron content (TEC). The performance of ARIMA and hybrid models, WT and EMD in combination with ARIMA (WARIMA and EARIMA) is evaluated during various seasons and March geomagnetic storm conditions in 2013 and 2015. The proposed models are validated with empirical global TEC models and results show that the EARIMA has less error measurements compared with ARIMA and WARIMA models. The EARIMA ionospheric forecasting model can be useful for developing an early warning ionospheric space weather system over low latitudes.
Sliding observer‐based demagnetisation fault‐tolerant control in permanent magnet synchronous motors
Authors: Zhang Changfan , Wu Gongping , He Jing , Zhao Kaihui
Published: April 2017

This study proposes a fault‐tolerant control method for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) based on the active flux linkage concept, which addresses permanent magnet (PM) demagnetisation faults in PMSMs. First, a mathematical model for a PMSM is established based on active flux linkage, and then the effect of PM demagnetisation on the PMSM is analysed. Second, the stator current in the static coordinate is set as the state variable, an observer is designed based on a sliding‐mode variable structure, and an equation for active flux linkage is established for dynamic estimation based on the equivalent control principle of sliding‐mode variable structure. Finally, the active flux linkage for the next moment is predicted according to the operating conditions of the motor and the observed values of the current active flux linkage. The deadbeat control strategy is applied to eliminate errors in the active flux linkage and realise the objective of fault‐tolerant control. A timely and effective control for demagnetisation faults is achieved using the proposed method, which validity and feasibility are verified by the simulation and experiment results.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell with PPAR-γ Agonist or Exendin-4
Authors: Wassef Mohamed , Tork Ola , Rashed Laila , Ibrahim Walaa , Morsi Heba , Rabie Dina
Published: April 2017

Therapy targeting mitochondria may provide novel ways to treat diabetes and its complications. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonists and exendin-4; an analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 have shown cardioprotective properties in many cardiac injury models. So, we evaluated their effects in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. This work included seven groups of adult male albino rats: the control group, the non-treated diabetic group, and the treated diabetic groups: one group was treated with MSCs only, the second with pioglitazone only, the third with MSCs and pioglitazone, the forth with exendin-4 only and the fifth with MSCs and exendin-4. All treatments were started after 6 weeks from induction of diabetes and continued for the next 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected for assessment of glucose, insulin, and cardiac enzymes. Hearts were removed and used for isolated heart studies, and gene expression of: myocyte enhancer factor-2 (Mef2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator1-alpha (PGC1α), nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) and autophagic markers: light chain 3 (LC3) and beclin by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The cardiac mitochondrial protein levels of cardiolipin and uncoupler protein 2 (UCP2) were assessed by ELISA and western blot technique, respectively. Treated groups showed significant improvement in left ventricular function associated with improvement in the cardiac injury and myopathic markers compared to the non treated diabetic group. NFKB was down-regulated while cardiolipin, PGC1α, LC.3 and beclin were up-regulated in all treated groups. These data suggest that the cardioprotective effects of MSCs, exendin-4 or pioglitazone based on their ability to improve mitochondrial functions through targeting inflammatory and autophagy signaling. The co- administration of pioglitazone or exendin-4 with MSCs showed significant superior improvement compared with MSCs alone, indicating the ability to use them in supporting cardioprotective effects of MSCs.
Magnetoresistance of composite carbon sensors in strong electric fields in the liquid helium temperature range
Authors: Vainberg V. V. , Pylypchuk A. S. , Poroshin V. N. , Filippov Y. P.
Published: April 2017

A study of how heating current carriers by a pulsed electric field impacts the conductivity and magnetoresistance of carbon composite TVO resistors in the liquid helium temperature range. It is found that heating the carriers in fields of up to 60 V/cm at T = 4.2 K decreases the magnetoresistance by approximately 4 times, while preserving a relatively high temperature dependence of resistance. In fields greater than 400 V/cm in the 4–20 K range the TVO resistor stops depending on temperature. The results are explained using the hopping conduction model among randomly grouped carbon nanograins. The possibility of decreasing the margin of error when measuring the temperature using TVO resistors in the magnetic field is demonstrated.
On the theory of eigen spin states and spin-orbit interaction of quasi-two-dimensional electrons
Authors: Eremko A. A. , Loktev V. M.
Published: April 2017

The problem of the electron spectrum in a quasi-two-dimensional space (such as interfaces, heterostructures, and surfaces) is set up and analytically solved based on the fundamental Dirac equation. It is demonstrated that using the unitary transformation method and the method of spin invariants to solve the Dirac equation leads to identical results. The eigen bispinors of the Dirac equation are found, and the way in which their diversity arises due to the arbitrariness of the spin-quantization axis direction is demonstrated. The features of electron behavior in a parabolic quantum well are considered.
Intensity control of individual DBD plasma filament. I. Experiment with a needle electrode
Authors: Paliwoda M. C. , Rovey J. L.
Published: April 2017

Filamentary volume dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) produces patterned plasma structures that are currently being explored for reconfigurable metamaterial applications. In this work, the presence and intensity of a single filament (within an array of filaments) are controlled by biasing a low voltage needle electrode by less than 7% of the driving voltage. The current, voltage, and time-averaged normalized light intensity were measured while varying the needle voltage through self-biasing resistors. For a 7.5 kV, 3.2 kHz DBD in air, the needle-controlled filament intensity varies from 80% to 0% of the light intensity of surrounding filaments. When the biased voltage prevents a filament from forming, the voltage difference across the air gap and between the electrodes remains well above the breakdown voltage. Redistributed charge inside the DBD rather than the cross-gap voltage difference is the mechanism which controls the filament intensity when surrounding filaments are present. This work presents a method for controlling an array of plasma filaments with needle electrodes, at voltage biases more manageable for a control circuit.
Observation of relaxor like dielectric and magnetodielectric behaviour in nanoparticles of half doped LaSrCoMnO6
Authors: Mandal P. R. , Nath T. K.
Published: April 2017

We report the dielectric characteristics of sol-gel derived nanoparticles of half doped ferromagnetic double perovskite LaSrCoMnO6 (LSCMO) over broad temperature and frequency ranges. The diffuse dielectric peak with strong frequency dispersion, Vogel-Fulcher functional relation like relaxation behaviour etc. confirm the relaxor type dielectric nature of these magnetic nanoparticles. The chemical and compositional disorder in the LSCMO nanoparticles, the Co/Mn site disorder, and the surface disorder are attributed to the relaxor like behaviour by the formation of local polar nano-regions. The observed magnetodielectric effect is attributed to the phenomena of magnetic field controlled electric relaxation and magnetoresistance.