bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A polarized luminescence thermometer based on a dye encapsulated metal–organic framework
Authors: Lin Shenghan , Liao Zhengluan , Zheng Heqi , Li Chenyu , Cui Yuanjing , Wang Zhiyu , Qian Guodong
Published: January 2024

A polarized luminescent thermometer was prepared by encapsulating DSM and ACF dyes within the metal-organic framework (MOF) ZJU-28.
Optical and X-ray absorption interrogation of selenium-based redox in Li–SxSey batteries
Authors: DeBlock Ryan H. , Lefler Matthew J. , Neale Zachary G. , Love Corey T. , Long Jeffrey W. , Carter Rachel
Published: January 2024

In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and optical imaging confirm the role of selenium additives for enhancing power performance, increasing utilization, and suppressing undesirable side reactions in Li–sulphur batteries.
A redox acceptor–acceptor nitro functionalized naphthalene diimide/rGO anode for sustainable lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Biradar Madan R. , Kumar Nitish , Pathak Prakash Kumar , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Salunkhe Rahul R.
Published: January 2024

This work demonstrates the development of organic material and reduced graphene oxide composites for environment-friendly, stable, and recyclable lithium-ion batteries.
Correction: Rational design and recent advancements of additives engineering in ASnI3 tin-based perovskite solar cells: insights from experiments and computational
Authors: Ulfa Maria , Permatasari Fitri Aulia , Rus Yahdi Bin , Idayanti Novrita , Iskandar Ferry
Published: January 2024

Correction for ‘Rational design and recent advancements of additives engineering in ASnI3 tin-based perovskite solar cells: insights from experiments and computational’ by Maria Ulfa et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2023, 7, 5198–5223, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SE00571B.
A bi‐level planning strategy of a hydrogen‐supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system based on APA‐MOHHO
Authors: Lu Xinyu , Du Banghua , Zhu Wenchao , Yang Yang , Xie Changjun , Zhao Bo , Zhang Leiqi
Published: January 2024

A bi‐level planning strategy of a hydrogen‐supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (H‐S HESS) has been proposed in this study for wind power fluctuation suppression. The proposed system consists of a supercapacitor array and a hydrogen energy storage unit, and the bi‐level planning strategy consists of an Energy Management Level and a Capacity Configuration Level. In the upper level, with Hilbert–Huang transform frequency analysis, a novel energy management strategy based on adaptive power allocation (APA) is designed. The lower level applies multi‐objective Harris hawks optimizer to solve the optimal parameters of each device in the system. Based on the data measured from a 2‐MW wind system in a hydrogen‐electric coupled DC microgrid demonstration project, the optimal system capacity configuration scheme is obtained. The annualized cost of the system is $150,212, which is 41.1% lower than the scheme without optimization. The fluctuation unsuppressed rate of H‐S HESS is 0.64% under the APA strategy, which is only 0.14% higher than the conventional HESS (supercapacitor + lithium‐ion batteries) with the same annualized cost of system. The proposed strategy reduces the frequency of HESS operational power fluctuations, improves capacity configuration accuracy, and significantly decreases the cost gap between the proposed H‐S HESS and conventional structures.
Evolution of cosmic filaments in the MTNG simulation
Authors: Galárraga-Espinosa Daniela , Cadiou Corentin , Gouin Céline , White Simon D. M. , Springel Volker , Pakmor Rüdiger , Hadzhiyska Boryana , Bose Sownak , Ferlito Fulvio , Hernquist Lars , Kannan Rahul , Barrera Monica , Maria Delgado Ana , Hernández-Aguayo César
Published: January 2024

We present a study of the evolution of cosmic filaments across redshift with an emphasis on some important properties: filament lengths, growth rates, and radial profiles of galaxy densities. Following an observation-driven approach, we built cosmic filament catalogues at z = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 from the galaxy distributions of the large hydro-dynamical run of the MilleniumTNG project. We employed the extensively used DisPerSE cosmic web finder code, for which we provide a user-friendly guide, including the details of a physics-driven calibration procedure, with the hope of helping future users. We performed the first statistical measurements of the evolution of connectivity in a large-scale simulation, finding that the connectivity of cosmic nodes (defined as the number of filaments attached) globally decreases from early to late times. The study of cosmic filaments in proper coordinates reveals that filaments grow in length and radial extent, as expected from large-scale structures in an expanding Universe. But the most interesting results arise once the Hubble flow is factored out. We find remarkably stable comoving filament length functions and over-density profiles, showing only little evolution of the total population of filaments in the past ∼12.25 Gyr. However, by tracking the spatial evolution of individual structures, we demonstrate that filaments of different lengths actually follow different evolutionary paths. While short filaments preferentially contract, long filaments expand along their longitudinal direction with growth rates that are the highest in the early, matter-dominated Universe. Filament diversity at a fixed redshift is also shown by the different (∼5σ) density values between the shortest and longest filaments. Our results hint that cosmic filaments can be used as additional probes for dark energy, but further theoretical work is still needed.
Collisional excitation of propyne (CH3CCH) by He atoms
Authors: Ben Khalifa M. , Darna B. , Loreau J.
Published: January 2024

Context. A detailed interpretation of the detected emission lines of environments where propyne (or methyl acetylene, CH3CCH) is observed requires access to its collisional rate coefficients with the most abundant species in the interstellar medium, namely, helium (He) or molecular hydrogen (H2).

Aims. We present the first three-dimensional potential energy surface (3D PES) for the CH3CCH-He molecular complex. We study the dynamics of the collision and report the first set of rate coefficients for temperatures up to 100 K for the collisional excitation of the lowest 60 ortho rotational levels and 60 para rotational levels of CH3CCH by He atoms.

Methods. We computed the 3D PES with the explicitly correlated coupled-cluster with a single-, double-, and perturbative triple-excitation method in conjunction with the augmented correlation-consistent triple zeta basis set (CCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ). The 3D PES was then fitted to an analytical function and scattering computations of pure rotational (de-)excitation of CH3CCH by collision with He atoms were performed. State-to-state cross-sections were computed using the close coupling method for total energies up to 100 cm−1 and with the coupled states approximation at higher energies for both the ortho- and para- symmetries of CH3CCH.

Results. The PES we obtained is characterised by a large anisotropy and a potential well depth of 51.04 cm−1. By thermally averaging the collisional cross-sections, we determined the quenching rate coefficients for kinetic temperatures up to 100 K. A strong and even Δj propensity rule at almost all collision energies is present for CH3CCH-He complex. To evaluate the impact of rate coefficients on the analysis of observations, we carried out non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer computations of the excitation temperatures and we demonstrate that local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions are not typically fulfilled for the propyne molecule.
Ecological niche and life-history traits of redbelly tilapia (Coptodon zillii, Gervais 1848) in its native and introduced ranges
Authors: Geletu Temesgen Tola , Tang Shoujie , Xing Ying , Zhao Jinliang
Published: January 2024

Redbelly tilapia (Coptodon zillii) is a member of a group of fishes in the Cichlidae family endemic to the northern half of Africa and the Middle East. In the literature, the name C. zillii is mostly associated with a negative impact on the ecosystem and biodiversity in the areas to which it was introduced. In its native range, it is not a much-appreciated fish species from both fisheries and aquaculture perspectives because of its small size and difficulty to catch when compared to Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Although C. zillii has several desirable aquaculture traits such as feeding at lower trophic levels, high fecundity, saltwater and cold tolerance, the attempts to capitalize on this potential are lacking. Moreover, comprehensive studies that characterize its ecological niche in its native range and adaptive mechanisms of invasiveness in introduced areas are also limited. Notwithstanding, it is a species of invasion concern that requires continuous monitoring and implementation of mitigation actions in non-native regions. Compilation of information regarding the environmental requirements, feeding, and reproductive biology of C. zillii may serve as a starting ingredient for further research and management of its invasiveness, which is highly required in the face of freshwater ecosystem modifications as a result of climate change. This paper also addresses the current state and potential of C. zillii for utilization in capture fisheries and fish farming.
Stability Analysis of Covid-19 Model Based on Compliance and Carrier Transmission
Authors: Mukramati Mukramati , Maghfirah Afiatun , Ramli Marwan , Ikhwan Muhammad
Published: January 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has officially ended with the lifting of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) status by the World Health Organization (WHO). The world has begun the transition from a pandemic to an endemic period through policy updates such as healthy living habits, wearing masks if sick, vaccination, self-quarantine, contact tracing or testing, increasing understanding or awareness of diseases and treatment. This research aims to analyze the role of individuals in the pandemic transition period and the addition of the Carrier subpopulation to the COVID-19 model. This model produces two equilibrium points: a disease-free equilibrium points and an endemic equilibrium point. Furthermore, stability analysis was carried out around the equilibrium point and obtained three basic reproduction numbers that became the threshold for the spread of disease around the equilibrium point, namely R0 less than one (R0 < 1) and greater than one (R0 > 1). This shows that increasing policies such as disease awareness or understanding, healthy living habits, and vaccination can prevent the spread of COVID-19 so that the pandemic period does not occur and the disease will disappear over time.
A Comparison of Spatial Interpolation Methods for Regionalizing Maximum Daily Rainfall Data in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Sanusi Wahidah , Sidjara Sahlan , Patahuddin Sudarmin , Danial Muhammad
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is to compare between the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) and Ordinary Kriging (OK) interpolation methods for regionalization of areas within the South Sulawesi province based on maximum daily rainfall. The data utilized consists of maximum daily rainfall data from 56 rain stations within the South Sulawesi from 1986 to 2021. The spatial interpolation methods applied include the power 2 IDW, and OK. Various semivariogram models, namely Spherical, Gaussian, and Exponential, are employed within the OK method. The selection of the best method is based on the smallest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) values. The findings of this research reveal that the optimal method for regionalization of maximum daily rainfall is the OK method with a Gaussian semivariogram model. The RMSE values for this method are 57.45, and the MAE values are 46.49. The results of the spatial interpolation demonstrate that the South Sulawesi is divided into four zones characterized by maximum daily rainfall (in mm) as follows: Zone I: less than 230 mm (Eastern and Southeastern regions), Zone II: 230-260 mm (Northern region), Zone III: 260-280 mm (Western region), and Zone IV: more than 280 mm (Southwestern region).
Classifying Risks On Motor Insurance Policies For IFRS 17 Implementation In General Insurance Companies
Authors: Wardana Andiansyah Prima , Qoyyimi Danang Teguh
Published: January 2024

IFRS 17 is a financial accounting standard issued by the International Financial Reporting System that regulates internationally agreed accounting treatment for insurance contracts. In an effort to increase the accuracy of risk assessment for IFRS 17 adaptation, a good way is needed to classify risks from the insured. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the risk group. Because data from an insurance company is large, the CLARA method is suitable for dealing with the problem. CLARA has a more robust nature of outliers and can be used to handle large amounts of data. After grouping, it is important to know what factors cause a person to enter a certain group. For this, classification analysis is needed. Some classification analysis methods are XGBoost, SVM, and AdaBoost. Extreme Gradient Boosting and Adaptive Boosting is a technique in machine learning for binary or multiclass regression and classification problems that results in predictive models in the form of weak predictive models. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a technique for making predictions, both in the case of regression and binary or multiclass classification. SVM has the basic principle of linear classifier.
A visual approximation of a Fourier transforms operation using GeoGebra
Authors: Suwarno Djoko Untoro
Published: January 2024

Many engineering fields use the Fourier Transform. The purpose of the Fourier Transform is to decompose periodic signals into fundamental frequencies and harmonic frequencies. The Fourier transform operation in ordinary textbooks is mathematically analytical, this often makes it difficult for students who study it. This paper describes the mathematical operations that occur in the Fourier transform. Discrete Fourier transform operations consist of conversion operations of continuous-time signals into data sequences, exponential complex number multiplication operations, and integration operations of number data sequences. Visualization of Fourier transform operations using the GeoGebra application. This research obtains visualization results of Fourier transform operations. The resulting visualization includes the effect of increasing signal frequency and the integral limit. The influence of the greater integral limit causes the peak of the frequency spectrum to become larger. The integral result of the pulse signal is in the form of a sinc function and corresponds to the illustration in the textbook. The limitation of the results of this research is that the Fourier transform visualization was carried out at low frequencies
Effectiveness of Medical Cannabis for the Treatment of Depression: A
Naturalistic Outpatient Study
Authors: Specka Michael , Bonnet Udo , Schmidberg Lisa , Wichmann Julian , Keller Martin , Scholze Christian , Scherbaum Norbert
Published: January 2024

Background There is a lack of studies on the course and effectiveness of
medical cannabis in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods Retrospective longitudinal (18 weeks) study of n=59
outpatients with MDD, treated with medical cannabis via a telemedical platform.
Previous treatment with antidepressant medication was required for inclusion
into the study. Standardized data collection was carried out at entry and during
monthly consultations. Severity of depression was measured on a 0–10
point rating scale. Side-effects were assessed by a checklist.

Results Patients were 20–54 years old; 72.9% were male;
one third reported times of regular cannabis consumption within the previous
five years. Drop-out rate was 22% after 18 weeks. Mean severity of
depression decreased from 6.9 points (SD 1.5) at entry to 3.8 points (2.7) at
week 18 (baseline observation carried forward; 95% CI for the mean
difference: 2.4 to 3.8; p<0.001). A treatment response
(>50% reduction of the initial score) was seen in 50.8%
at week 18. One third of patients complained about side effects, none was
considered as severe. Concomitant antidepressant medication (31% of
patients) was not associated with outcome.

Conclusions Medical cannabis was well tolerated and dropout rate was
comparable to those in clinical trials of antidepressant medication. Patients
reported a clinically significant reduction of depression severity. Further
research on the effectiveness of medical cannabis for MDD seems warranted. Risks
of this medication, such as sustaining or inducing a cannabis use disorder, or
side effects such as poor concentration, must be taken into consideration.
Interprofessionelle Evaluation der „Soft Skills“ von Studierenden des Praktischen Jahres
Authors: Polk Marie-Luise , Neudert Marcus , Lüdke Theresa , Miragall Victoria , Güldner Christian
Published: January 2024

Zielsetzung Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Implementierung eines Fragebogens mit 360°-Evaluation zur Beurteilung der Leistungen der Studierenden im PJ. Ein besonderer Fokus wird hierbei auf die „Soft Skills“ (Selbstkompetenz, Methodenkompetenz, Sozialkompetenz) gelegt, deren Bewertung im Medizinstudium bislang nicht flächendeckend stattfindet.

Material und Methoden Die Studie wurde prospektiv mit 21 PJ-Studierenden der Medizinischen Fakultät der TU Dresden durchgeführt. Die Bewertung erfolgte mittels eines selbst konzipierten Fragebogens, welcher in 4 Teilkompetenzen (Selbstkompetenz, Methodenkompetenz, Sozialkompetenz, klinische Fähig- und Fertigkeiten) aufgeteilt wurde, die mittels 6-stufiger Likert-Skala bewertet werden konnten. In die Bewertung waren 4 Professionen involviert: Ärztlicher Dienst, Pflegedienst, Funktionsdienst und Verwaltung.

Ergebnisse Im Mittel konnten die stärksten Defizite hinsichtlich des Selbstbewusstseins, der Leistungsbereitschaft und der Konfliktfähigkeit von Studierenden im PJ aufgedeckt werden. Eine sehr gute Performance zeigten die Studierenden bei der Durchführung einer Anamnese und Grundfertigkeiten der klinischen Untersuchung.

Schlussfolgerung Die Implementierung eines 360°-Feedbacks ist fach- und professionsübergreifend möglich und sinnvoll für Studierende im Praktischen Jahr. Eine derart persönliche und interprofessionelle Rückmeldung ist bisher nicht flächendeckend vorhanden. Der Fragebogen stellt das erste umfassende Messinstrument von Soft Skills für Medizinstudierende dar und bietet eine gute Grundlage für ein umfassendes Feedback.
Split Anterolateral Thigh Flap: A New Classification of Anatomical Variants and a Surgical Planning Algorithm
Authors: Shih Hsiang-Shun , Chiu Ting-Han , Jeng Seng-Feng , Chen Jill
Published: January 2024

Background Split anterolateral thigh flap is a versatile reconstruction option, yet long underestimated as no practical perforator classification and no optimal strategy were present. Harvesting “capillary nonsizable perforators” could potentially expand flap splits to those with no existing multiple sizable perforators. Concerns over defect characteristics, recipient vessels, pedicle length, and split timing should all be weighted equally in designing the suitable flap. Refinement is thus required to enable precise reconstructions.

Methods All patients undergoing anterolateral thigh flap harvests between 2014 and 2021 performed by a single surgeon were included. The perforator patterns of sizable pedicle, course, origin, and further successful flap-split methods were documented. Surgical outcome of flap survival was analyzed.

Results Anatomical variants of 134 (48.4%) dual, 123 (44.4%) single, and 20 (7.2%) no sizable perforators were found in a total of 277 anterolateral thigh flaps. The overall flap survival rate was 97.5%. Flap split was performed in 82 flaps, including 29 single and 5 no sizable perforator cases previously considered “unsplittable,” by utilizing a series of direct skin paddle split, capillary nonsizable perforators harvesting, and flow-through anastomosis technique. Comparable flap survivals were found between split and nonsplit flaps as well as between split segments supplied by sizable and capillary nonsizable perforators. Primary closure was achieved in 98.9% of the thigh donor sites.

Conclusion A new classification of the common anterolateral thigh flap anatomical variants was proposed and a comprehensive algorithm of split flap strategy was developed along with the innovative “fabricate” concept.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure versus Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation in Preterm Neonates: What if Mean Airway Pressures Were Equivalent?
Authors: Mukerji Amit , Keszler Martin
Published: January 2024

Respiratory support for preterm neonates in modern neonatal intensive care units is predominantly with the use of noninvasive interfaces. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) are the prototypical and most commonly utilized forms of noninvasive respiratory support, and each has unique gas flow characteristics. In meta-analyses of clinical trials till date, NIPPV has been shown to likely reduce respiratory failure and need for intubation compared to CPAP. However, a significant limitation of the included studies has been the higher mean airway pressures used during NIPPV. Thus, it is unclear to what extent any benefits seen with NIPPV are due to the cyclic pressure application versus the higher mean airway pressures. In this review, we elaborate on these limitations and summarize the available evidence comparing NIPPV and CPAP at equivalent mean airway pressures. Finally, we call for further studies comparing noninvasive respiratory support modes at equal mean airway pressures.

Key Points
Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Narrative Review and A Glimpse into The Future
Authors: Liu Hao , Sethi Vrishketan , Li Xingjie , Xiao Yao , Humar Abhinav
Published: January 2024

Liver transplantation (LT) is a highly effective treatment for carefully selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we explored the development of LT selection criteria and organ allocation policies, comparing original data to underscore their historical progression into the intricate task of quantitatively estimating pre- and post-LT survivals. We emphasized the role of biomarkers such as serum alpha-fetoprotein, Des-gamma-carboxy-prothrombin, circulating tumor cells, and circulating tumor DNA in predicting patient outcomes. Additionally, we examined the transplant-associated survival benefits and the difficulties in accurately calculating these benefits. We also reviewed recent advancements in targeted therapy and checkpoint inhibitors for advanced, inoperable HCC and projected their integration into LT for HCC. We further discussed the growing use of living donor liver transplants in the United States and compared its outcomes with those of deceased donor liver transplants. Furthermore, we examined the progress in machine perfusion techniques, which have shown potential in improving patient outcomes and enlarging the donor pool. These advancements present opportunities to enhance LT patient survivals, refine selection criteria, establish new priority metrics, develop innovative bridging and downstaging strategies, and formulate redesigned LT strategies for HCC treatments.
Synthesis of Thiazole-fused Tricyclic Quinazolinone Alkaloids and Their Derivatives
Authors: Besson Thierry , Broudic Nathan , Layec Corentin , Fruit Corinne
Published: January 2024

The synthesis of thiazole-fused derivatives of tricyclic quinazolinones hitherto undescribed was successfully achieved by replacing anthranilic acid or its derivatives by isomeric polyfunctionalized benzothiazole analogues of anthranilic methyl esters. Some of the new heterocyclic systems are inspired by natural alkaloids such as mackinazolinone, deoxyvasicinone, and isaindigotone, showing interesting biological properties. The microwave-assisted method developed is a variant of the Niementowski reaction and was also applied to the synthesis of ring-extended rutaecarpine derivatives.
Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Clinical Presentation and Treatment
Authors: Heylen Jannes , Vanbiervliet Yuri , Maertens Johan , Rijnders Bart , Wauters Joost
Published: January 2024

Among all clinical manifestations of pulmonary aspergillosis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is the most acute presentation. IPA is caused by Aspergillus hyphae invading the pulmonary tissue, causing either tracheobronchitis and/or bronchopneumonia. The degree of fungal invasion into the respiratory tissue can be seen as a spectrum, going from colonization to deep tissue penetration with angio-invasion, and largely depends on the host's immune status. Patients with prolonged, severe neutropenia and patients with graft-versus-host disease are at particularly high risk. However, IPA also occurs in other groups of immunocompromised and nonimmunocompromised patients, like solid organ transplant recipients or critically ill patients with severe viral disease. While a diagnosis of proven IPA is challenging and often warranted by safety and feasibility, physicians must rely on a combination of clinical, radiological, and mycological features to assess the likelihood for the presence of IPA. Triazoles are the first-choice regimen, and the choice of the drug should be made on an individual basis. Adjunctive therapy such as immunomodulatory treatment should also be taken into account. Despite an improving and evolving diagnostic and therapeutic armamentarium, the burden and mortality of IPA still remains high. This review aims to give a comprehensive and didactic overview of the current knowledge and best practices regarding the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of acute IPA.
A Novel Integrated Clinical–Biochemical–Radiological and Sonographic Classification of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Elsayed Yasser , Louis Deepak , Hinton Martha , Seshia Mary , Alvaro Ruben , Dakshinamurti Shyamala
Published: January 2024

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of clinical, laboratory, and radiological markers and the neonatologist-performed intestinal ultrasound (NP-IUS) for treatment interventions in preterm neonates who developed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Study Design This was a case–control study of preterm neonates < 35 weeks with a diagnostic workup for NEC. The diagnostic workup included NP-IUS performed by trained neonatologists using a standard protocol, abdominal roentgenogram (AXR), and laboratory investigations. Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) performed by two neonatologists was standardized to detect 11 injury markers. AXRs were read independently by experienced pediatric radiologists. The investigators who retrospectively interpreted the IUS were blinded to the clinical and treatment outcomes.

Results A total of 111 neonates were assessed. Fifty-four did not require intervention and formed the control group. Twenty cases were treated medically, 21 cases were treated with late surgery for stricture or adhesions, and 16 were treated with early surgery. The integrated model of cumulative severity of ultrasound markers, respiratory and hemodynamic instability, abdominal wall cellulitis, and C- reactive protein > 16 mg/L had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–0.94%, p < 0.0001) for diagnosing NEC requiring surgical intervention. We also investigated the utility of Bell's classification to diagnose either the need for surgery or death, and it had an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.65–0.83%, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion In this cohort, a combination of specific IUS markers and clinical signs of instability, abdominal wall cellulitis, plus laboratory markers were diagnostic of NEC requiring interventions.

Key Points
The voice astray: Caroline Bergvall’s Dante
Authors: Southerden Francesca
Published: January 2024

This article analyses ‘Via: 48 Dante Variations’ by Caroline Bergvall (1962-) and considers the kind of Dante it performs. ‘Via,’ composed of the first tercet of Dante’s Inferno, accompanied by 47 (or 48) English translations of the tercet ordered alphabetically, was first divulged as a sonic piece and was then published in diverse textual iterations, with variants among the several written forms and between the spoken and written. I explore the links between Bergvall’s project and medieval textual practices and textualities, particularly the creative instability of works that exhibit mouvance and variance within a hybrid aural/textual culture. Engaging with recent critical work on queer philology and with Ovid’s myth of Echo, I consider how Bergvall’s ‘Via’ can be said to perform error, extending the predicament of the Dantean ‘I’ at the opening of Inferno, and how that performance of error may be a source of queer pleasure.
Unveiling the landscape of Fintech in ASEAN: assessing development, regulations, and economic implications by decision-making approach
Authors: Wang Chia-Nan , Nhieu Nhat-Luong , Liu Wei-Lin
Published: January 2024

Fintech has gained immense importance as a catalyst for economic growth, trade enhancement, and global prosperity. This study aims to comprehensively assess the influence and potential of Fintech in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. The research objective is to evaluate the levels of development in financial activities, technology infrastructure, and Fintech-enabling regulations across the region. A robust decision-making framework combining numerical and linguistic assessments is applied, utilizing the Distance-based CRiteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (DCRITIC) method and the Fuzzy extension of Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (F-EDAS approach). The findings reveal varying levels of development among ASEAN countries about Fintech. Governments and policymakers are urged to prioritize the creation of a supportive environment for Fintech innovation to spur economic growth, attract investments, and foster digital transformation. The study is limited because the weights of the key regulations have not been investigated.
Learning Koopman eigenfunctions of stochastic diffusions with optimal importance sampling and ISOKANN
Authors: Sikorski A. , Ribera Borrell E. , Weber M.
Published: January 2024

The dominant eigenfunctions of the Koopman operator characterize the metastabilities and slow-timescale dynamics of stochastic diffusion processes. In the context of molecular dynamics and Markov state modeling, they allow for a description of the location and frequencies of rare transitions, which are hard to obtain by direct simulation alone. In this article, we reformulate the eigenproblem in terms of the ISOKANN framework, an iterative algorithm that learns the eigenfunctions by alternating between short burst simulations and a mixture of machine learning and classical numerics, which naturally leads to a proof of convergence. We furthermore show how the intermediate iterates can be used to reduce the sampling variance by importance sampling and optimal control (enhanced sampling), as well as to select locations for further training (adaptive sampling). We demonstrate the usage of our proposed method in experiments, increasing the approximation accuracy by several orders of magnitude.
Stochastic model corrections for reduced Lotka–Volterra models exhibiting mutual, commensal, competitive, and predatory interactions
Authors: Bandy R. , Morrison R.
Published: January 2024

We explore model-form error and how to correct it in systems of ordinary differential equations. In particular, we focus on the Lotka–Volterra equations, which are used broadly in fields such as ecology, biology, economics, chemistry, and physics. Accounting for every object and their complex interactions with a complete model often becomes infeasible, thereby requiring reduced models. However, reduced models may omit vital relationships, resulting in discrepancies between reduced model predictions and observations from the true system. In this work, we propose a model correction framework for decreasing such discrepancies. Specifically, we embed a stochastic enrichment operator into the reduced model’s system of equations. The enrichment operator is theory-informed, calibrated with observations from the complete model, and extended to extrapolative combinations of parameters and initial conditions. The complete model involves N species, while the reduced and enriched models only track M<N species. Numerical results show the enriched models significantly decrease discrepancies, consistently predict equilibria, and improve the species’ transient behavior.
A deep learning approach for gas sensor data regression: Incorporating surface state model and GRU-based model
Authors: Zhuang Yi , Yin Du , Wu Lang , Niu Gaoqiang , Wang Fei
Published: January 2024

Metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors are widely used for gas detection and monitoring. However, MOS gas sensors have always suffered from instability in the link between gas sensor data and the measured gas concentration. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning approach that combines the surface state model and a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)-based regression to enhance the analysis of gas sensor data. The surface state model provides valuable insights into the microscopic surface processes underlying the conductivity response to pulse heating, while the GRU model effectively captures the temporal dependencies present in time-series data. The experimental results demonstrate that the theory guided model GRU+β outperforms the elementary GRU algorithm in terms of accuracy and astringent speed. The incorporation of the surface state model and the parameter rate enhances the model’s accuracy and provides valuable information for learning pulse-heated regression tasks with better generalization. This research exhibits superiority of integrating domain knowledge and deep learning techniques in the field of gas sensor data analysis. The proposed approach offers a practical framework for improving the understanding and prediction of gas concentrations, facilitating better decision-making in various practical applications.
Low-noise multi-channel underwater electric field measurement and analysis system for a ship model
Authors: Jiang Kai , Zheng Panfeng , Chen Minghui , Xiao Bin , Zhang Chi , Chen Kai
Published: January 2024

The underwater electric field (UEF) signature of a ship is a key factor in its survivability in marine warfare. Moreover, the study of a ship’s UEF using scale models of ships in pools can be useful for the design of electromagnetically stealthy ships. Aiming at the system requirement of measuring and analyzing the UEF of scale models of ships with low noise, many channels, and real-time responsivity, we developed a system consisting of electrode sensors, a measuring device, and a personal computer (PC). Small Ag/AgCl electrodes with low noise and high stability were used. The measuring device was capable of simultaneously amplifying, sampling, and storing 24 channels of UEF data in real-time, and it was connected to the PC via Ethernet to facilitate the transfer of UEF data at high speeds. The PC software could display 24 low-frequency UEF curves in real time and perform spectral analysis and filtering of the UEF signals. In system performance tests, we found that the system had a noise floor lower than 6.34 nV/rt(Hz)@1 Hz and could simultaneously sample 24 channels of UEF signals while storing, displaying, and analyzing the signals in real-time. The primary functions of the system were also validated in a pooled experiment.
Electromagnetic guided waves in composite liquid crystal-based interfaces
Authors: Reyes G. , Panayotaros P. , Reyes J. A.
Published: January 2024

We study an air–crown glass planar interface that includes a thin layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal doped with silver spheres of nanometer size. We propose a new theoretical model for the propagation of electromagnetic waves through the liquid crystal part and use the Marcuvitz–Schwinger form of the Maxwell equations to compute guided surface wave profiles. The results suggest the presence of anisotropic surface modes with negligible attenuation. The dependence of the surface wave parameters on the liquid crystal layer parameters can be used in liquid crystal-based sensors.
Design of transient front-end signal digitizer for x-ray detector in laser inertial confinement fusion facility
Authors: Hu Qi , Chen Lian , Yi Rongqing , Chen Baolin , Jin Ge
Published: January 2024

In a laser inertial confinement fusion (ICF) facility, an x-ray diode (XRD) detector is mainly used for precise measurement of black cavity radiation flow. The rapid rising time of the XRD detector and the intricate radiation environment of the ICF facility have posed new requirements for the bandwidth and anti-interference performance of signal digitization technologies. The standards are tough for the current recording system to meet. In this paper, based on the anti-interference of digital signals in the radiation field of the ICF facility, we have designed an XRD detector specific transient front-end signal digitizer (TFSD). The digitizer may be put together for consistent shielding in the radiation field since its size matches that of the XRD detector. The test results show that the TFSD has a higher signal input bandwidth than the existing recording method, considerably reduces the effect of pulse radiation field on signal recording, and significantly boosts the accuracy of recording and diagnosis.
Design and analysis of radio frequency window for the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor ion cyclotron range of frequency heating system
Authors: Long X. Y. , Mao Y. Z. , Yuan S. , Zhao Y. P. , Wang Y. S. , Zhang X. J. , Qin C. M.
Published: January 2024

The Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency (ICRF) heating system of the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is intended to provide plasma heating with a minimum power output of 20 MW, which demands the Radio Frequency (RF) window to possess a higher performance requirement. This paper presents the design of an RF window for the CFETR ICRF heating system and focuses primarily on the design and confirmation of its electromagnetic performance. The RF window can be effectively matched in the operating frequency range and has an S11 of under −59 dB. The geometry of the cone type ceramics was optimized to reduce the surface tangential electric field distribution. An analysis of the electric field distribution of the RF window at 50 kV indicates that the pressure side was below 2.3 kV/mm and the vacuum side was below 1.3 kV/mm. Furthermore, a transmission line test bench with an open-terminated setup was constructed to conduct withstand voltage tests on the mockup, and the results showed that the mockup could withstand 62 kV for 2 s and 47 kV for 120 s.
Influence of elasticity of high-concentration paste on unsteady flow in pipeline transportation
Authors: Zheng Weixiong , Wang Dongjie , Lyu Fuyan , Shen Yang , Pan Yue , Wu Miao
Published: January 2024

In high-pressure pulsatile pipeline transport of high-concentration viscous paste, severe backflow is generated when there are sudden pressure drops due to the paste's elastic recovery, resulting in strong impact and damage to the pipeline system. The paste demonstrates high viscosity, yield stress, compressibility, and shear elasticity. Nevertheless, the effect of the paste's elastoviscoplasticity properties on unsteady flow during pipeline transport remains uncertain. Consequently, we derived the unsteady flow control equations of the paste that accounts for the elastoviscoplasticity behavior and linear compressibility. We conducted experimental research by building a circulating pipeline transportation system and performed numerical analysis using the finite-volume method (modified RheoFoam solver). The results demonstrate a substantial increase in pressure fluctuations within the pipeline during rapid pressure drops due to the elasticity of the paste. When accounting for elasticity, the maximum backflow velocity increases by 32.4% compared to cases where elasticity is not considered. The backflow velocity during piston pump reversal is influenced by the pressure level and the rate of pressure drop. Pressure fluctuations are more likely to propagate along the pipeline during high-pressure than during low-pressure periods. These findings offer guidance for analyzing unsteady flow characteristics in paste pipeline transport and designing pipeline systems.
High-frequency stock market order transitions during the US–China trade war 2018: A discrete-time Markov chain analysis
Authors: Rabindrajit Luwang Salam , Rai Anish , Nurujjaman Md. , Prakash Om , Hens Chittaranjan
Published: January 2024

Statistical analysis of high-frequency stock market order transaction data is conducted to understand order transition dynamics. We employ a first-order time-homogeneous discrete-time Markov chain model to the sequence of orders of stocks belonging to six different sectors during the US–China trade war of 2018. The Markov property of the order sequence is validated by the Chi-square test. We estimate the transition probability matrix of the sequence using maximum likelihood estimation. From the heatmap of these matrices, we found the presence of active participation by different types of traders during high volatility days. On such days, these traders place limit orders primarily with the intention of deleting the majority of them to influence the market. These findings are supported by high stationary distribution and low mean recurrence values of add and delete orders. Further, we found similar spectral gap and entropy rate values, which indicates that similar trading strategies are employed on both high and low volatility days during the trade war. Among all the sectors considered in this study, we observe that there is a recurring pattern of full execution orders in the Finance & Banking sector. This shows that the banking stocks are resilient during the trade war. Hence, this study may be useful in understanding stock market order dynamics and devise trading strategies accordingly on high and low volatility days during extreme macroeconomic events.
Flow transitions of head-on vortex ring collisions with contaminated air–water interfaces
Authors: New T. H. , Yeo K. W. B. , Koh J. Y. , Long J.
Published: January 2024

An experimental study was conducted on head-on collisions of Re = 2000 and 4000 vortex rings upon air–water interfaces to study the vortex dynamics and the effects of different vortex ring Reynolds numbers on the key vortex flow mechanisms. Unfiltered tap water was used where surface contaminants were present; hence, the interfacial stress levels are lower but not entirely zero like an idealized free surface. Results demonstrate that the vortex dynamics involve first, the resulting secondary and tertiary vortex rings transitioning into wavy states, before their upper loops disconnect/reconnect to the interface to form U-shaped vortex loops along the inner and outer peripheries of the primary vortex ring, respectively, in an alternating pattern. Second, tertiary vortex loops entangle around the primary vortex ring to produce counter-rotating vortex pairs that reorganize themselves along the primary vortex ring outer periphery, between the primary vortex ring and secondary vortex loops, as well as hairpin-like structures that aid ejection of primary vortex ring momentum. Third, secondary vortex loops rotate toward the collision axis before their lower segments are entrained by the primary vortex ring. A higher Reynolds number primary vortex ring would confer additional flow changes, such as a higher wave number for the secondary and tertiary vortex rings/loops, pairings of secondary vortex loops “side-arms” that reduce their instances by about half and formations of Tsai–Widnall–Moore–Saffman instabilities induced by flow perturbations. Finally, vortex flow models proposed to explain the flow mechanism at different flow stages are found to be in good agreements with the experimental visualizations.
Generic approach to assess the measuring performance of total-radiated power quantities by multi-channel resistive bolometer diagnostics on fusion experiments
Authors: Ingesson L. C. , Doblas A. , Gandhi A. , Jahanbakhsh S. , Meister H.
Published: January 2024

On present-day magnetic-confinement fusion experiments, the performance of multi-channel bolometer diagnostics has typically evolved over time through experience with earlier versions of the diagnostic and experimental results obtained. For future large-scale fusion experiments and reactors, it is necessary to be able to predict the performance as a function of design decisions and constraints. A methodology has been developed to predict the accuracy with which the volume-integrated total radiated power can be estimated from the measurements by a resistive bolometer diagnostic, considering, in particular, its line-of-sight geometry, étendues of individual lines of sight, bolometer-sensor characteristics, and the expected noise level that can be obtained with its electronics and signal chain. The methodology depends on a number of assumptions in order to arrive at analytical expressions but does not restrict the final implementation of data-processing of the diagnostic measurements. The methodology allows us to predict the performance in terms of accuracy, total-radiated power level, and frequency or time resolution and to optimize bolometer-sensor characteristics for a set of performance requirements. This is illustrated for the bolometer diagnostic that is being designed for the ITER experiment. The reasonableness, consequences, and limitations of the assumptions are discussed in detail.
Enhancing damping-like efficiency by low-energy mixed ions bombardment
Authors: Bhatti Sabpreet , Das Subhakanta , Shaik Abdillah , Chan Jianpeng , Kay Yew Seng , Li Shengyao , Piramanayagam S. N.
Published: January 2024

Pursuing enhanced spin–orbit torque (SOT) has become a significant focus for achieving energy-efficient spintronics devices. Researchers have explored different materials, layer engineering, and various post-deposition modification methods to realize higher SOT. Here, we have utilized the bombardment of mixed ions (Ar+ and He+ in various ratios) with 0.6 kV bias voltage to enhance the SOT efficiency in a Pt/Co/W stack. The bombardment modifies the physical properties (magnetic, electric, and structural) due to cascade collision, knocking off atoms (from the surface), and ion implantation. The increased percentage of He+ suppresses the drastic behavior of cascade collisions, and hence, the properties are tunable by changing the gas ratio. We exploited this behavior to design a material stack with enhanced SOT efficiency. We fabricated Hall bars to quantify SOT and observed a 4.5× increase in the effective damping-like efficiency. The efficiency and switching current density in the stack could be tuned by the variation of Ar:He ion ratio and the exposure duration. This study offers an easy route to tune the energy efficiency of spin devices, contributing to the advancement of next-generation spintronics.