bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Orthopedic Operative Notes: A Closed-Loop Audit and Interventional Approach for Improved Practices
Authors:   Orthopedic Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan., Burney Asma , Zafar Jawed Saba , Fatima Leenah , Fatima Ammara , Sahito Badaruddin ,   Orthopedic Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan.
Published: October 2024

Maintaining accurate and clear medical records is crucial for effective patient care. These records, detailing a patient's evaluation, management plan, surgical procedures, and post-operative instructions facilitate a seamless communication and care during the initial postoperative phase. The Royal College of Surgeons issued Good Surgical Practices guidelines in 2008 and updated them in 2014, setting parameters for operative notes. This audit aimed to evaluate handwritten operative note-keeping practices in Orthopedic Unit I at Dr. Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi in comparison to these established guidelines. The audit was conducted in two cycles between March and June 2023. In each cycle, 58 operative notes were evaluated against Good Surgical Practices (RCS) guidelines using a predefined form. After the initial audit, a meeting with the department team highlighted findings, stressed the importance of accurate operative notes, and introduced a new RCS-compliant format approved for implementation. Surgeons adapted to the new format during a 2-week period, followed by the second phase of the re-audit. The results were shared within the department to ensure ongoing improvement. In the initial audit, compliance with the RCS guidelines was observed at 40.7%. After implementing the new note format, significant enhancements were noted in 20 out of 22 parameters, resulting in an overall compliance rate of 64.8% and an improvement of 24.1%. Significant improvements were observed in recording patient identification, prosthesis details, antibiotic prophylaxis, surgical complications, incision name, theater anesthetist's name, and anticipated blood loss. However, documentation of 'any additional procedures performed and the reason why' and 'DVT prophylaxis' showed minimal to no improvement. The survey reveals notable gaps in orthopedic operative note documentation, emphasizing the limitations of traditional handwritten notes and a lack of adherence to operative notes guidelines. Rectifying this is crucial for optimal patient care, maintaining precise records, and minimizing legal risks.
Changes in Knowledge and Management Skills of ANMs To Screen, Manage and Refer Pregnant Women with Five High-Risk Conditions: Results from A Pre-Post-Training and A Six-Month Follow-Up Assessment in Telangana, India
Authors:   Research Director, IHRPTM, ARMMAN, Delhi, India, Reddy Modugu Hanimi , Purad Chetan ,   Project director, IHRPTM, ARMMAN, Hyderabad, India., S Padmaja ,   Joint Director-MH, CHFW-NHM, Government of Telangana, Hyderabad, India, Addala Aparna ,   Consultant, UNICEF, Hyderabad, India., Dittakavi Sandhya ,   Senior Research Manager, IHRPTM, ARMMAN, Hyderabad, India., Reddy Alla Siri Chandana ,   Program Manager, IHRPTM, ARMMAN, Hyderabad, India, Yadhati Karthik ,   M&E Manager, IHRPTM, ARMMAN, Hyderabad, India., Padmabhan Ramesh ,   CEO, ARMMAN, Mumbai, India., Hegde Aparna ,   Founder, Chairperson, Managing Director, ARMMAN, Mumbai, India.
Published: October 2024

Background: Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) are key providers of maternal, newborn and child health services, and are the first point of contact for high-risk pregnancies (HRPs). In partnership with Government of Telangana, under Integrated HighRisk Pregnancy Tracking and Management (IHRPTM) program, all the ANMs of the state were trained to screen and manage five HRPs: anaemia; gestational diabetes-GD; pregnancy induced hypertension-PIH; ante-partum haemorrhage-APH; and quality-Antenatal care (ANC). Assessed pre- and post-class-room and six months after class-room training capabilities of ANMs. Methods: Immediate-gains through class-room-training and six-months after class-room training knowledge/skills from 7,553 and 529 ANMs respectively, were assessed using a checklist of 15 questions per HRP-condition. Also obtained, qualitative insights about class-room training. Results: Due to class-room training, there was 8-17% improvement in immediate-gain in knowledge/skills to diagnose, manage/ refer women with HRPs. Improvement in mean correct responses (out of 15 questions per-HRP) between pre-and-post-training assessments was maximum for GD: mean 7.6 at pre-training, improved to 10.2 by post-training; APH: 9.7 to 11.7; qualityANC: 10.2 to 11.7; PIH: 9.3 to 10.7; and anaemia:11.0 to 12.3. Gain in knowledge/skills as Cohen’s-d effect-size was large (0.7-0.8) for GD, APH, quality-ANC, PIH, and medium (0.6) for anaemia, as pre-training knowledge/skills was already better for anaemia. Mean gain per HRP was more than three questions in four districts and < 0.5 questions in two districts. Mean gain did not differ much according to age, work experience and training-time. As compared to pre-training level, retention of knowledge/skills, six-to-nine months after class-room training dropped substantially (Cohen’s-d effect-size≤ 0.2) for all HRPs, except for anaemia (d=0.4). Training gave them confidence to stabilize emergency cases at sub-centre level before referring to higher facility! Conclusion: Through IHRPTM’s protocol-based training: screening, management/referral of HRPs by ANMs is feasible. Standardized-training supplemented with handholding leads to provision of obstetric care.
MAPEAMENTO DAS ÁREAS SUSCETÍVEIS A MOVIMENTOS DE MASSA NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO TEJIPIÓ, EM PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Pessoa Neto Amaury Gouveia , Silva Simone Rosa da , Lafayette Kalinny Patrícia Vaz , Barbosa Ioná Maria Beltrão Rameh
Published: October 2024

Em diversas cidades brasileiras, o fenômeno da urbanização foi desenvolvido de maneira acelerada, intensa e não planejada, levando à ocupação de áreas inadequadas à habitação, como encostas declivosas e com solos de pouca estabilidade. Além de outras consequências, esse regime de ocupação, somado às condições climáticas adversas, favorecem a ocorrência de movimentos de massas, provocando danos patrimoniais e ambientais, além perdas de vidas humanas. Dessa forma, este estudo teve por objetivo mapear as áreas suscetíveis a movimentos de massa na bacia hidrográfica do rio Tejipió, em Pernambuco, devido às características físico-naturais e ao significativo índice de urbanização apresentados na região. A metodologia utilizada fundamentou-se na integração, em ambiente de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), de fatores condicionantes a esse tipo de processo, sendo eles: geologia, geomorfologia, pedologia, cobertura e uso da terra, declividade e pluviosidade. Em seguida, foram atribuídos pesos a estes fatores, quanto ao grau de potencialidade a movimentos de massa, de modo que o produto final resultou em um mapa temático de suscetibilidade ao supracitado processo. Os principais resultados revelaram que 24,65 km² da bacia é representada por áreas altamente suscetíveis aos movimentos de massa, o que equivale a 28,10% da região, as quais apresentam uma combinação de fatores associados como elevadas hipsometria e declividade e solos argilosos. O mapeamento desenvolvido neste estudo compreende uma importante ferramenta que visa subsidiar o planejamento e a gestão do risco a fenômenos geológicos, permitindo a definição de medidas eficazes à prevenção, proteção e mitigação dos impactos negativos causados por movimentos de massa.
IMPACTO DA DESINFORMAÇÃO NA PRÁTICA PROFISSIONAL DO PROFESSOR DE GEOGRAFIA: MEDO E INSEGURANÇA NA SALA DE AULA
Authors: Nascimento Danny Jessé Falkembach , Gomes Marquiana de Freitas Vilas Boas
Published: October 2024

A sociedade contemporânea vivencia um processo de consumo de informações ancorado no imediatismo e na superficialidade, sobrepondo-se ao desenvolvimento da leitura crítica e da produção do conhecimento. Esse processo é facilitado pelos meios tecnológicos e comunicacionais atuais que, amparados pelo ciberespaço, expandem o espaço físico para o virtual, com novas formas de interação. Nesse ambiente, onde o consumo intenso e rápido de informações e produtos desponta, outro problema se apresenta, que é disseminação de conteúdos manipulados, cujo intuito é desinformar. Neste artigo, busca-se trazer luz a problemas que surgem desse processo desinformacional, que são o medo e a insegurança dos professores de Geografia em sua atuação profissional. A reflexão surgiu de uma pesquisa de doutorado, expondo como os professores vivenciam a desinformação no seu cotidiano de trabalho e quais as ferramentas que eles dispõem para confrontá-la. O tema foi problematizado por meio da teoria das representações sociais (Moscovici, 1978, 1985, 1992, 2003, 2013; Jodelet, 2001, 2005; Abric, 1994, 1998, 2001), da metodologia de análise de conteúdo (Bardin, 2010), e de entrevistas e questionários aplicados aos professores da Educação Básica. Os resultados evidenciam que o ciberespaço (e nele, as redes sociais digitais) é fonte de informações para professores e estudantes, impactando a profissionalidade docente, o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, a concepção sobre o conhecimento, a relação professor-aluno e as condições de trabalho. Dentre os impactos estão o aumento da violência, da vigilância e do controle no trabalho do professor, gerando insegurança e resultando na redução da autonomia docente.
Inclusión educativa en la formación técnica profesional
Authors: Resabala Lara Verny Felipe , Basurto Macias Washington Giovanny , Campoverde Moscol Amarilis Isabel
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La educación inclusiva busca asegurar que todos los estudiantes, sin importar sus diferencias, tengan acceso a una educación de calidad. En el sistema educativo ecuatoriano este es un tema que está invisibilizado y para cambiar esta realidad se requiere la colaboración de unidades educativas públicas y privadas, docentes, familias y comunidad para crear entornos accesibles y equitativos. En este contexto los docentes demandan formación profesional, asesoramiento pedagógico que contribuya a los procesos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes con necesidades especiales, por lo que a través de esta investigación se pretende iniciar un proceso de transformación en los procesos académicos de Bachillerato en la Unidad Educativa General Medardo Alfaro (UEGMA) de la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia de la inclusión educativa en la formación técnica de los estudiantes con NEE y de los perfiles profesionales de Mecanizado y Construcciones Metálicas; Comercialización y Ventas de Bachillerato de la UEGMA. Metodología: La investigación se basó en una metodología mixta correlacional causal, el enfoque de la investigación se encuentra dimensionado en dos variables: inclusión educativa analizada en padres de familia y formación técnica profesional desde la perspectiva de los docentes. Resultados: la discapacidad que predomina en la UE es la intelectual, los docentes requieren actualizar sus procesos de formación y capacitación continua que permita desarrollar habilidades para el proceso pedagógico de estudiantes con NEE, los padres de familia deben ser parte activa de los procesos educativos. Conclusión: para contribuir con la inclusión educativa se requiere formación profesional, estrategias, metodologías y espacios de formación, que están propuestos en plan de fortalecimiento docente con miras a la inclusión. Área de estudio general: Pedagogía. Área de estudio específica: Bachillerato Técnico Inclusivo. Tipo de estudio:  Artículos originales / Original articles.
Eksperyment leczniczy a cel badawczy
Authors: Gutowska-Ibbs Maria
Published: October 2024

The following text is a voice in the discussion around normative problems of innovative therapies. It particularly refers to the problem of the relationship between therapeutic experiment and the research purpose of a physician's action, also discussed in this issue in the article by Rafał Kubiak "A few comments on the background of the article »Off label - practical consequences of unclear legislation«.”
THEORETICAL BASIS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE AND THE STATE EMERGENCY SERVICE OF UKRAINE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF JOINT EMERGENCY RESPONSE MEASURES
Authors:   National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Bielai Serhii , Savin Andrii ,   National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine, Puzanov Andrii ,   National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine
Published: October 2024

The author proves the relevance of the study of substantiation of the theoretical foundations of interaction between the National Guard of Ukraine and the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in the course of joint emergency response activities. A legal analysis is carried out, and the main tasks of the National Guard of Ukraine within its competence to organize this interaction are identified. The author analyzes the theoretical foundations of interaction organization used in the theory and practice of management and identifies the relevant fundamental features of interaction between the National Guard of Ukraine and the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in the implementation of joint emergency response measures. Based on the theory of interaction of organizational systems, the main elements of interaction are substantiated. These conclusions are the basis for improving the effectiveness of the State emergency response mechanisms.
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF STUDYING THE PROBLEMS OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION
Authors:   National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Lavrov Ivan , Bielai Serhii ,   National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the issue of researching the methodological foundations for studying the problems of critical infrastructure protection is determined. An expert survey was conducted on current problematic issues in the field of critical infrastructure protection in Ukraine. The necessity of developing models for responding to threats to critical infrastructure facilities in different conditions: in a special period and in peacetime is proved. Based on the results of the expert survey, proposals for improving the security of critical infrastructure facilities are formulated. The role and place of the National Guard of Ukraine in the performance of tasks related to the protection of critical infrastructure is defined.
A Review of Studies on Virtual and Blended Environments in English Language Education
Authors: Basisa Natalia
Published: October 2024

Integrating technology into the classroom has become more and more popular recently, while at the same time blended learning has also engaged researchers’ attention. This paper investigates the differences among virtual environments in an EFL classroom by making reference to various studies conducted for this reason and the author’s opinion based on the conclusions. Specifically, the focus is on the diverse ways in which the language skills are acquired in the particular educational settings. There is also a reference to the combination of these two learning environments and a comparison of them altogether. The results indicate the positive and negative characteristics of virtual, traditional and blended EFL learning environments.  The data demonstrate that virtual environments are stress-free, so they can improve students’ skills as long as they are familiar with technology and they do not face poor internet connectivity as well as the fact that blended learning leads to better acquisition since students have the chance to practice more broadly on what they have learnt. Some of the characteristics that contribute to these results are the flexible and convenient environment they offer, the chance to experience long-term learning, as well as the huge source of information that students have the chance to encounter.
Disruption Dynamics Maturity Model: An empirical tool for Business Disruption Diagnosis and Intervention
Authors: Mathur Dhrupad
Published: October 2024

Numerous models and frameworks addressing Digital Transformation and Business disruption have emerged in the last two decades. Generally, such models and frameworks can describe Business disruption well and even help with post-facto analysis as they delve mostly into prior popular examples and cases. The Disruption Dynamics Maturity Model (DDMM) proposed here takes a deeper and more action-oriented approach towards providing diagnosis and a path for possible Interventions. Disruption Dynamics Maturity Model can be applied empirically to business situations, to capture the emerging scenarios and analyze possibilities for the future. While a number of authors, researchers from all over the world and even major consulting firms like McKinsey, Deloitte, Accenture etc. have all tried to gauge this phenomenon, the challenge is that the factors triggering business disruption are becoming more granular and widespread, coming in from multiple directions, mostly not even identifiable in time. This makes it difficult to have a universal or at least a widely accepted model for diagnosing Business Disruption. Hence such a model must be dynamic, evolving in time and must also allow the practitioners or managers to track, group, pre-empt and envision various scenarios allowing them to deduce various strategic and tactical decisions. Through an integrative literature review, this working paper explores and captures significant dimensions to conceptualize such a model which can be used as an empirical tool for Business Disruption Diagnosis and Intervention. The outcome of this study is conceptualizing the Disruption Dynamics Maturity Model and demonstrating its dimensions.
Peningkatan Literasi Zakat bagi Masyarakat Muslim di Malaysia
Authors: Utami Pertiwi , Waskito Tejo , Zuhriyah Nur Azizah , Basrowi Basrowi
Published: October 2024

Al-Fateh Mosque (MMAF) - Taman Jati, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia along with Amil Zakat and also participants of Ummatic Festival 3.0. The partner problems include Zakat literacy is still low,  community participation in Zakat management is low, there is no Zakat literacy program involving mosques working with different communities, and international universities doing community service activities based on community empowerment. In relation to the three partner problems, the solutions to the problems that have been implemented include efforts to increase zakat literacy through zakat socialization, conducting zakat literacy enrichment activities for muzzaki at MMAF, and collaborating and being actively involved with MMAF, DRB-Hicom University, the ASNAF community, Islamic tourism volunteers around Ipoh and Kuala Kangsar, and several universities from Indonesia and internationally in a series of Ummatic Festival 3.0 activities. The method used in ICS activities is Participatory Action Research (PAR). After carrying out the activity; the muzzaki know the importance of paying zakat through official zakat amil institutions, the muzzaki play an active role in zakat collection and distribution activities at MMAF, and the muzzaki together with all Ummatic Festival 3.0 stakeholders were very enthusiastic to carry out ICS activities for these eight days. In addition, this program succeeded in restoring the role of the mosque as a community institution that plays a role in community activities, especially in collecting zakat for the welfare of the community.
Hubungan Family Support, Self Care, dan Self Efficacy dengan Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien DM di Puskesmas Kraksaan
Authors: Hasanah Nurul , Rahman Handono Fatkhur , Khotimah Husnul
Published: October 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant health issue and a non-communicable disease targeted by global leaders for effective management. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between family support, self-care, and self-efficacy with the quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A quantitative, correlational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. The population consisted of 86 diabetes mellitus patients at Kraksaan Health Center. Sampling was done using the Lemeshow formula, resulting in 86 respondents. Data collection was carried out through closed-ended questionnaires, where respondents selected answers by marking the appropriate option. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Spearman test, and multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression. The study was conducted at Kraksaan Health Center from June to July 2023. Results: Among the tested variables, three independent variables were significantly related to the dependent variable, namely family support (p=0.005), self-care (p=0.00), and self-efficacy (p=0.004). Therefore, these three variables are associated with the quality of life in diabetes mellitus patients.
COMMENT ON THE PARADOXES OF SCIENTIFIC, PRACTICAL AND OFFICIAL INTERPRETATIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF LEGAL NORMS USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC
Authors:   Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan, MUSTAFAYEV M. , SHAHBANOVA A. ,   Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan, ALIYEV E. ,   Center for Forensic Expertise under the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: October 2024

This article is devoted to one of the most important issues of legal science - the interpretation of legal norms. Based on the study of doctrinal and official interpretation materials, problematic issues of a theoretical and practical nature are revealed, which negatively affect the quality of the results of the considering scientific and practical activity. According to the authors of this article, the main reasons for the pressing problems of interpretation of legal norms lie in the destructive nature of the modern methodology of legal science, which we inherited as the “legacy” of the Soviet legal school. As a result of the research, reasoned proposals were formulated to enrich and deepen the fundamental foundations of the methodology of legal science.
PECULIARITIES OF INTERACTION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: CHANGES THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE SOCIETY'S VIEWPOINT
Authors:   Middle-Volga Institute (branch) of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Saransk, Russian Federation, SMOLIN A.G. , PALCHIKOVA M.V.
Published: October 2024

Purpose of the study. The digital environment is the simplest and at the same time the most effective way of interaction between public authorities and society. When building a dialogue between government and society, it should be remembered how important the role of informatization is in management processes in modern Russia. Insufficient use of such potentially powerful tools as social networks can lead to filling the vacuum of dialog between the governed and the governed by those forces that will pursue various destructive goals - from discrediting the authorities to outright fraud; and ignoring the dialog opportunities of social networks, using them as a formality, ultimately undermines trust in the authorities and creates a gap in communication where it could be effectively built. The presented research is aimed at forming an idea about the prospects of social networks as the main communicator of local self-government bodies and the population of the municipality. Conclusions. By studying the information reality on the example of a particular municipality, we can develop recommendations on the use of social networks as the most important guide to the formation of public opinion. New approaches to governance through the use of Internet communications, actively formed at present, need an appropriate legal framework.
Underestimation of global soil CO2 flux measurements caused by near-surface winds
Authors: Feng Lingxia , Jiang Junjie , Hu Junguo
Published: October 2024

Soil respiration (Rs) is the largest source of atmospheric CO2, and an accurate understanding of the relationship between near-surface winds, CO2 release from the soil surface, and measurement methods is critical for predicting future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. In this study, the relationship between wind speed and soil CO2 fluxes is elucidated on a global scale through meta-analysis, and the flux measurement methodology is further explored in conjunction with the results of a controlled trial to clarify the uncertainty of the measurement results. The results indicate that near-surface wind speed is positively correlated with soil CO2 release and that near-surface winds result in increased soil CO2 gas release. Wind disturbance affects both the concentration gradient and gas chamber measurements, and the lower calculated soil CO2 release conflicts with the notion that the wind pump effect and Bernoulli effect of negative pressure cause a greater surface gas exchange. The results of the log-response ratios indicate that near-surface winds lead to an underestimation of 12.19–19.75% in widely-used gas chamber method measurements. The results of this study imply that some of the current Rs measurements are biased and that the influence of near-surface winds on Rs measurements needs to be urgently addressed to assess the terrestrial carbon cycle more accurately and develop climate change response strategies.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05 mediates dynamic regulation of intestinal microbiota in mice with low-dose DSS-induced chronic mild inflammation
Authors: Dong Yao , Gai Zhonghui , Han Mei , Zhao Yunjiao
Published: October 2024

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) on the induction of chronic mild inflammation in mice and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05 (LRa05) to ameliorate the associated effects. The focus was on investigating changes in inflammatory, gut microbiota, serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammatory cytokines.

Methods

Mice were exposed to a low-dose of DSS to induce chronic mild inflammation and LRa05 was administered as a probiotic intervention. The experiment included determination of body weight, colon length, histological examinations, and analysis of LPS and inflammatory cytokines in serum over 12 weeks. In addition, liver function, oxidative stress and intestinal microbiota were examined to understand the comprehensive effects of DSS and LRa05.

Results

Low-dose DSS did not lead to significant changes in body weight, colon length or histologic signs of inflammation. However, it led to a significant increase in serum levels of LPS, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL6). Intervention with LRa05 effectively attenuated these changes, particularly by lowering LPS levels and normalizing inflammatory cytokines. In addition, LRa05 protected against DSS-induced liver function damage and attenuated oxidative stress in the liver. Analysis of the gut microbiota demonstrated dynamic regulatory effects, where LRa05 intervention led to significant shifts in microbial populations, promoting a balanced microbiota profile. These changes are indicative of dynamic regulation by LRa05 in response to chronic mild inflammation, highlighting the probiotic’s role in modulating the gut environment.

Conclusion

The LRa05 intervention showed multi-layered regulation in the chronic mild inflammation model by reducing inflammatory cytokines, maintaining liver function and restoring the balance of the gut microbiota. This provides experimental support for the potential use of LRa05 in chronic inflammation-related diseases and emphasizes the importance of probiotics for overall health. The study suggests that LRa05 is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with gut dysbiosis.
EURAD state-of-the-art report: development and improvement of numerical methods and tools for modeling coupled processes in the field of nuclear waste disposal
Authors: Claret F. , Prasianakis N. I. , Baksay A. , Lukin D. , Pepin G. , Ahusborde E. , Amaziane B. , Bátor G. , Becker D. , Bednár A. , Béreš M. , Bérešová S. , Böthi Z. , Brendler V. , Brenner K. , Březina J. , Chave F. , Churakov S. V. , Hokr M. , Horák D. , Jacques D. , Jankovský F. , Kazymyrenko C. , Koudelka T. , Kovács T. , Krejčí T. , Kruis J. , Laloy E. , Landa J. , Ligurský T. , Lipping T. , López-Vázquez C. , Masson R. , Meeussen J. C. L. , Mollaali M. , Mon A. , Montenegro L. , Pisani B. , Poonoosamy J. , Pospiech S. I. , Saâdi Z. , Samper J. , Samper-Pilar A.-C. , Scaringi G. , Sysala S. , Yoshioka K. , Yang Y. , Zuna M. , Kolditz O.
Published: October 2024

The Strategic Research Agenda (SRA;https://www.ejp-eurad.eu/publications/eurad-sra) of the European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management (EURAD;https://www.ejp-eurad.eu/) describes the scientific and technical domains and sub-domains and knowledge management needs of common interest between EURAD participant organizations. Theme number 7 is entitled “Performance assessment, safety case development and safety analyses.” A list of research and development priorities and activities of common interest to be addressed within EURAD for theme 7 have been established. Amongst others, the Understanding and modelling of multi-physical Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical coupled processes (THMC) occurring in radioactive waste disposal is a major and permanent issue to support optimization of design and safety case abstraction. To tackle this challenge a research work package entitled “DONUT: Development and improvement of numerical methods and tools for modelling coupled processes” has been conducted within the EURAD join programming initiative. The purpose of this work package is to improve/develop methods or numerical tools in order to go a step further in development of (i) relevant, performant and cutting-edge numerical methods that can easily be implemented in existing or new tools, in order to carry out high-performance computing to facilitate the study of highly coupled processes in large systems, (ii) numerical scale transition schemes for coupled processes, (iii) innovative numerical methods to carry out uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. In this paper the work carried out within the DONUT work package is put in perspective regarding the existing concept and literature on the field. It does not pretend to be exhaustive but rather to put emphasis on particular issues tackled during the project.
The positive impact of daily well-being practices on individual veterinary professionals’ professional quality of life self-assessment scores within an emergency and specialty hospital
Authors: Alwood Ames J. , Ferrentino DIana A. , Olson Sonja A. , Rodriguez Veronyca I.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Our study set out to identify the benefits for veterinary workers of structured daily well-being practices on compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Suggested origins of high rates of psychological stress and burnout are significant occupational concerns for veterinary workers. Many professional helpers experience an extreme state of tension and preoccupation from exposure to the suffering of those being helped. Veterinary workers are further impacted by negative associations and moral distress experienced due to limitations in the provision of quality medical care for veterinary patients. These negative experiences exist despite veterinary professionals’ work being worthwhile and highly valued.

Methods

A randomized controlled study was performed over 6 months. Volunteer participants were members of a team of veterinary workers at a 24-h emergency and specialty hospital. Study participants were asked to incorporate daily well-being practice(s) into existing routines whereas control participants were not. Measures of well-being and the negative impacts of serving as veterinary helpers were assessed by having participants complete the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) self-assessment at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months. Composite scores for compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress were calculated.

Results

Baseline ProQOL scores were similar between study participants and controls. Baseline compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout scores (BS), and secondary traumatic stress (STS) scores for those instituting well-being practices were 37.6 (+/− 3.6), 26 (+/− 5.3), and 26.6 (+/− 5.2). Study participants had higher compassion satisfaction scores at 6 months with mean CS scores (n = 15) of 40.1 (+/− 6.8) and adjusted scores that were on average 3.0 (95% CI 0–6.1) higher than the control group (p = 0.048). Significant differences in BS or STS scores were not seen.

Discussion

Improvements were seen in CS but not BO/STS for those caregivers who implemented well-being practices into their daily routines. Factors that likely contributed to successful implementation of well-being practices include educational resources, supportive leadership, accessibility, and consistent acknowledgement and positive rewards. Proposed supportive elements and resources for maintenance of well-being practices within a team of veterinary workers include provision of a psychologically safe community and team support (including formal or informal “buddy systems”).
Correction: Quintero et al. Changing the Tendency to Integrate the Senses. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 1384
Authors: Quintero Saul I. , Shams Ladan , Kamal Kimia
Published: October 2024

In the original publication [...]
Study on the Configuration and Fire-Resistant Property of Cable Tunnel Fireproof Clapboard Based on Equivalent Fire Condition Testing
Authors: Cai Jing , Guo Wei , Ji Hongquan , Li Huachun , Ren Zhigang , Pan Zehua , Men Yekun
Published: October 2024

At present, the selection criteria and configuration methods for fireproof clapboards in cable tunnels are not yet perfect, making it difficult to achieve effective fire protection. Therefore, an equivalent fire condition testing method is proposed to analyze the fire-resistant property of fireproof clapboards of different materials. Firstly, a tunnel fire experiment platform was built to carry out the combustion experiment of the high-voltage cable intermediate joint. The cable combustion equivalent fire source device is developed based on the temperature rise characteristics under different combustion conditions. However, the temperature rise characteristics of the equivalent fire source and the actual cable combustion error are within 10%. Then, four typical fireproof clapboards were tested under equivalent fire sources. The results indicate that the organic molded board has the best performance. In addition, factors such as the thickness, side panel height, and installation method of the fireproof clapboards were tested and analyzed. The results indicate that a minimum thickness of 5 mm for the fireproof clapboard and a height of 200 mm for the side panel of the clapboard are necessary to ensure effective protection. The installation method of hoisting fireproof clapboards can effectively extend the protection time by about 30% compared to the flat method.
An Exploration of Self-Efficacy and Its Associated Factors among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Taiwan
Authors: Hsiao I-Yu , Livneh Hanoch , Chen Wei-Jen , Lu Ming-Chi , Tsai Tzung-Yi
Published: October 2024

Self-efficacy is an important ingredient in successful disease management, especially in patients with chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the information on self-efficacy and its influencing factors among RA patients is scarce. This study investigated the level of self-efficacy and its pertinent predictors among RA patients in Taiwan. This cross-sectional study recruited patients with RA from a hospital in Taiwan between January and October 2023. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on respondents’ demographic and job characteristics and included a Chinese version of the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of self-efficacy. A total of 284 RA patients were enrolled during the study period. The mean ASES score among enrollees was 1607.1, indicating a moderate level of self-efficacy (score range of 200–2000). The regression model displayed that those with higher disease activity scores, Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire scores, fatigue level, shorter disease duration, swollen upper limb joints, and no regular exercise regimen reported lower ASES scores, accounted for 46% of the total variance. The study findings may be useful for healthcare providers in identifying RA patients with low self-efficacy attitudes, a trait that appears to be linked to several medical indicators, and thus facilitating the provision of future tailored healthcare regimens.
Sex Differences in Elderly People’s Sleep: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Salis Francesco , Belfiori Maristella , Figorilli Michela , Mulas Martina , Puligheddu Monica , Mandas Antonella
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Sex differences are unclear in geriatric sleep medicine, and most evidence comes from inference from preclinical bases or clinical studies conducted on younger people. The aim of this study is to explore sex differences in sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in a cohort of elderly people. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved subjects aged 65 years or older undergoing multidimensional evaluation, including sleep quality and daytime sleepiness assessment with validated tools. Results: This study included 226 subjects (69.5% women), the majority of whom showed poor sleep quality (64.2%). A logistic regression model put one before the other sleep quality and gender. It initially showed that men were about half likely as women to have poor sleep quality (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.27–0.86). Nonetheless, after adjusting for cognitive status and mood, the difference became smaller and insignificant (OR 0.72, 95%CI 0.38–1.38). Conclusions: Sex differences in elderly people’s sleep quality seem to not be independent, appearing to be affected by alterations in cognitive status and mood.
Efficient Extraction and Separation of Scandium from Scandium-Bearing Solid Waste and Acid by Synergistically Leaching Followed by Solvent Extraction
Authors: Cao Wen , Hua Jinmao , Jin Xi , He Minyu , Xin Yuntao , Liu Weizao
Published: October 2024

The solid waste and waste acid generated during the production of titanium dioxide contain considerable amount of scandium, which are valuable secondary resources. In this study, the titanium dioxide waste acid was used to leach the scandium-containing solid waste, and the leached solution was pretreated for iron removal by reduction-crystallization process. After that, scandium was recovered from the leached solution by using the P204-TBP co-extraction system. The process parameters were investigated systematically. The results showed that iron powder reduction-crystallization for iron removal at molar ratio of Fe:Fe3+ = 0.25 was most suitable for subsequent extraction, and the scandium extraction efficiency could reach 100% using 15% P204-5% TBP at 25 °C with A/O = 8. This study provided a novel process for treating scandium-bearing solid waste with scandium-bearing waste acid, showing great potential for industrial application.
Recent Advances in Phenazine Natural Products: Chemical Structures and Biological Activities
Authors: Huang Wei , Wan Yupeng , Zhang Shuo , Wang Chaozhi , Zhang Zhe , Su Huai , Xiong Peng , Hou Feifei
Published: October 2024

Phenazine natural products are a class of colored nitrogen-containing heterocycles produced by various microorganisms mainly originating from marine and terrestrial sources. The tricyclic ring molecules show various chemical structures and the decorating groups dedicate extensive pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, anticancer, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and insecticidal. These secondary metabolites provide natural materials for screening and developing medicinal compounds in the field of medicine and agriculture due to biological activities. The review presents a systematic summary of the literature on natural phenazines in the past decade, including over 150 compounds, such as hydroxylated, O-methylated, N-methylated, N-oxide, terpenoid, halogenated, glycosylated phenazines, saphenic acid derivatives, and other phenazine derivatives, along with their characterized antimicrobial and anticancer activities. This review may provide guidance for the investigation of phenazines in the future.
Effects of Hydraulic Retention Time on Removal of Cr (VI) and p-Chlorophenol and Electricity Generation in L. hexandra-Planted Constructed Wetland–Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Li Tangming , Yang Peiwen , Yan Jun , Chen Mouyixing , You Shengxiong , Bai Jiahuan , Yu Guo , Ullah Habib , Chen Jihuan , Lin Hua
Published: October 2024

Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) and para-chlorophenol (4-CP) are prevalent industrial wastewater contaminants that are recalcitrant to natural degradation and prone to migration in aquatic systems, thereby harming biological health and destabilizing ecosystems. Consequently, their removal is imperative. Compared to conventional chemical treatment methods, CW-MFC technology offers broader application potential. Leersia hexandra Swartz can enhance Cr (VI) and 4-CP absorption, thereby improving wastewater purification and electricity generation in CW-MFC systems. In this study, three CW-MFC reactors were designed with L. hexandra Swartz in distinct configurations, namely, stacked, multistage, and modular, to optimize the removal of Cr (VI) and 4-CP. By evaluating wastewater purification, electrochemical performance, and plant growth, the optimal influent hydraulic retention time (HRT) was determined. The results indicated that the modular configuration at an HRT of 5 days achieved superior removal rates and power generation. The modular configuration also supported the best growth of L. hexandra, with optimal photosynthetic parameters, and physiological and biochemical responses. These results underscore the potential of modular CW-MFC technology for effective detoxification of complex wastewater mixtures while concurrently generating electricity. Further research could significantly advance wastewater treatment and sustainable energy production, addressing water pollution, restoring aquatic ecosystems, and mitigating the hazards posed by Cr (VI) and 4-CP to water and human health.
Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Thiopyrimidine–Benzenesulfonamide Compounds
Authors: Khalifa Abdalrahman , Anwar Manal M. , Alshareef Walaa A. , El-Gebaly Eman A. , Elseginy Samia A. , Abdelwahed Sameh H.
Published: October 2024

Bacterial infection poses a serious threat to human life due to the rapidly growing resistance of bacteria to antibacterial drugs, which is a significant public health issue. This study was focused on the design and synthesis of a new series of 25 analogues bearing a 5-cyano-6-oxo-4-substituted phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidine scaffold hybridized with different substituted benzenesulfonamides through the thioacetamide linker M1–25. The antimicrobial activity of the new molecules was studied against various Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal strains. All the tested compounds showed promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, especially against K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the most promising compounds, 6M, 19M, 20M, and 25M, were subjected to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. In addition, the antivirulence activity of the compounds was also examined using multiple biofilm assays. The new compounds promisingly revealed the suppression of microbial biofilm formation in the examined K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa microbial isolates. Additionally, in silico ADMET studies were conducted to determine their oral bioavailability, drug-likeness characteristics, and human toxicity risks. It is suggested that new pyrimidine–benzenesulfonamide derivatives may serve as model compounds for the further optimization and development of new antimicrobial and antisepsis candidates.
Anti-Cancer Potential of Linear β-(1→6)-D-Glucan from Agaricus bisporus on Estrogen Receptor-Positive (ER+) Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Rutckeviski Renata , Corso Claudia Rita , Fonseca Aline Simoneti , Rodrigues Mariane Londero , Román-Ochoa Yony , Cipriani Thales Ricardo , Cavalli Luciane Regina , Cadena Silvia Maria Suter Correia , Smiderle Fhernanda Ribeiro
Published: October 2024

Mushroom β-D-glucans can be isolated from several species, including the widely consumed Agaricus bisporus. Besides immunomodulatory responses, some β-D-glucans may exhibit direct antitumoral effects. It was previously observed that a β-(1→6)-D-glucan (BDG16) has indirect cytotoxicity on triple-negative breast cancer cells. In this study, the cytotoxicity of this same glucan was observed on estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Cell viability was determined by multiple methods to assess metabolic activity, lysosomal membrane integrity, and adhesion capacity. Assays to evaluate cell respiration, cell cycle, apoptosis, necroptosis, and oxidative stress were performed to determine the action of BDG16 on MCF-7 cells. A gradual and significant cell viability reduction was observed when the cells were treated with BDG16 (10–1000 µg/mL). This result could be associated with the inhibition of the basal state respiration after incubation with the β-D-glucan. The cells showed a significant arrest in G1 phase population at 1000 µg/mL, with no induction of apoptosis. However, an increase in necrosis and necroptosis at the same concentration was observed. No difference in oxidative stress-related molecules was observed. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that BDG16 directly induces toxicity in MCF-7 cells, primarily by impairing mitochondrial respiration and promoting necroptosis. The specific mechanisms that mediate this action are being investigated.
The Optimization of the Hot Water Extraction of the Polysaccharide-Rich Fraction from Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Khalil Aya Samy Ewesys , Lukasiewicz Marcin
Published: October 2024

The optimization of extraction parameters, including the process time, temperature, and liquid-to-solid ratio, was conducted in order to obtain the polysaccharide-rich fraction from the lyophilized Agaricus bisporus fruiting body. The efficiency of extraction for polysaccharides and antioxidant activity was determined by analyzing the extracts for total carbohydrate content, the reducing sugars content, and the antioxidant activity employing DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. The results showed that all parameters, except for the extraction time, impacted differently on the extraction efficiency of polysaccharides and antioxidant activity. The highest total carbohydrate content was observed at the longest process time, highest temperature, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 118 mL/g. To minimize the reducing sugar level, a lower temperature is required, while the highest antioxidant activity requires a moderate temperature and the lowest liquid-to-solid ratio. The optimization of antioxidant activity by means of the DPPH and H2O2 method failed, which shows that the specific mechanism of polysaccharides as antioxidants needs further investigation. The aqueous extraction method demonstrated to be an efficient and simple approach to recover the potentially bioactive polysaccharide fractions from Agaricus bisporus that are also active as antioxidants.