bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical Super‐Resonances in Mesoscale Dielectric Cenosphere: Giant Magnetic Field Generations
Authors: Minin Oleg V. , Zhou Song , Minin Igor V.
Published: November 2023

Resonant light scattering by mesoscale dielectric spheres has received enormous attention and found many interesting applications. The recently emerged field of Mesotronics provides novel opportunities for wavelength‐scaled optics and new fundamental aspects are still being uncovered. It has recently been demonstrated that high‐order Mie resonances can be excited in homogeneous low‐dissipation mesoscale dielectric spheres, leading to the generation of intense magnetic fields. This article describes a simple and effective way to drastically enhance the superresonance effect. Proof‐of‐principle results for the first time show that yet one more novel phenomenon of increasing the intensity of the magnetic field without changing the resonant Mie size parameter of the sphere by introducing an air cavity. In such a dielectric cenosphere (from two Greek words “kenos”‐hollow and “sphaira”‐sphere), by correct choice of the air cavity size, it is possible to increase the intensity of the electromagnetic fields at the poles of the sphere by an order of magnitude due to increasing of the amplitude of resonant partial wave coefficient.
Robust integration of fault estimation and sliding mode fault‐tolerant control for interconnected systems against sensor fault
Authors: Abdul‐Jaleel Noor Safaa , Shaker Montadher Sami
Published: November 2023

This paper provided a robust strategy for controlling nonlinear interconnected large‐scale systems subject to a sensor fault. The inherent challenge in controlling such systems is to sustain robust closed‐loop stability and performance in nonlinear interactions, faults, and exogenous inputs. A new closed‐loop structure has been devised to tackle this challenge by integrating the sliding mode controller with the unknown input observer. By exploiting the decoupling capability of the controller and observer, this integration ensures the robustness of the closed‐loop system against the simultaneous effect of interaction, fault, and disturbance. In this context, the unknown input observer has been constructed to supply the controller with an accurate sensor fault assessment despite additional unknown inputs. A novel approach is proposed for designing a decentralized fault‐tolerant control system that utilizes sliding mode control and proportional‐integral‐derivative controller tuning via a bacterial foraging optimization algorithm to compensate for the fault effect, leading to a robust output performance. The observer and controller gains are accomplished by utilizing the H∞ performance and linear matrix inequality formulation. The Lyapunov technique is used to demonstrate stability. A power system model emphasizes the proposed approach's robustness and effectiveness. The system performance with and without the proposed controller was compared, where the simulation results show a fast reaction to offset undesirable impacts, whereas the state estimation error approaches to zero in each subsystem.
De novo biosynthesis of 2ʹ‐fucosyllactose by bioengineered Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Lee Ye‐Gi , Jo Hae‐Yong , Lee Do‐Haeng , Yoon Jong‐Won , Song Young‐Ha , Kweon Dae‐Hyuk , Kim Kyoung Heon , Park Yong‐Cheol , Seo Jin‐Ho
Published: November 2023

2ʹ‐Fucosyllactose (2ʹ‐FL) which is well‐known human milk oligosaccharide was biotechnologically synthesized using engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum, a GRAS microbial workhorse. By construction of the complete de novo pathway for GDP‐L‐fucose supply and heterologous expression of Escherichia coli lactose permease and Helicobacter pylori α‐1,2‐fucosyltransferase, bioengineered C. glutamicum BCGW_TL successfully biosynthesized 0.25 g L−1 2ʹ‐FL from glucose. The additional genetic perturbations including the expression of a putative 2ʹ‐FL exporter and disruption of the chromosomal pfkA gene allowed C. glutamicum BCGW_cTTLEΔP to produce 2.5 g L−1 2ʹ‐FL batchwise. Finally, optimized fed‐batch cultivation of the BCGW_cTTLEΔP using glucose, fructose, and lactose resulted in 21.5 g L−1 2ʹ‐FL production with a productivity of 0.12 g L−1•h, which were more than 3.3 times higher value relative to the batch culture of the BCGW_TL. Conclusively, it would be a groundwork to adopt C. glutamicum for biotechnological production of other food additives including human milk oligosaccharides.
Brothers and sisters in arms: A mixed‐methods investigation of the roles played by military support and social identity processes in the mental health of veterans during the transition to veterancy
Authors: Wakefield Juliet R. H. , Bowe Mhairi , Këllezi Blerina , Haslam Catherine , Bentley Sarah V. , Milani Zara , Gair Helen , McIntosh James S. A.
Published: November 2023

The transition to veterancy can be psychologically challenging, and although the military provides support, the importance of social connectedness for well‐being is largely unrecognised. The significance of this oversight is highlighted by the Social Identity Model of Identity Change (SIMIC), which conceptualises life change as social identity change. SIMIC has been applied to numerous life transitions, but not to veterancy, although there is evidence that the social and psychological challenges of this transition may be especially profound (e.g., due to the chronically salient, highly structured and largely unique nature of military life and identity). To remedy this, in Study 1 (N = 210), UK‐based veterans completed an online survey. Consistent with SIMIC, social group maintenance and gain predicted mental health via the psychological resources they provided (meaning, self‐esteem, sense of personal control), and group gain was predicted by perceived military support during the transition. Study 2 (N = 14) extended these findings qualitatively through exploration of veterans' transition experiences. These studies are the first to apply aspects of the SIMIC to the veterancy transition, and they show the applicability of SIMIC in this context. They also highlight the need for transition‐related education that includes guidance on group joining and reconnecting. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Affinity of Telluronium Chalcogen Bond Donors for Lewis Bases in Solution: A Critical Experimental‐Theoretical Joint Study
Authors: Groslambert Loïc , Cornaton Yann , Ditte Matej , Aubert Emmanuel , Pale Patrick , Tkatchenko Alexandre , Djukic Jean‐Pierre , Mamane Victor
Published: November 2023

Telluronium salts [Ar2MeTe]X were synthesized, and their Lewis acidic properties towards a number of Lewis bases were addressed in solution by physical and theoretical means. Structural X‐ray diffraction analysis of 21 different salts revealed the electrophilicity of the Te centers in their interactions with anions. Telluroniums’ propensity to form Lewis pairs was investigated with OPPh3. Diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy suggested that telluroniums can bind up to three OPPh3 molecules. Isotherm titration calorimetry showed that the related heats of association in 1,2‐dichloroethane depend on the electronic properties of the substituents of the aryl moiety and on the nature of the counterion. The enthalpies of first association of OPPh3 span −0.5 to −5 kcal mol−1. Study of the affinity of telluroniums for OPPh3 by state‐of‐the‐art DFT and ab‐initio methods revealed the dominant Coulombic and dispersion interactions as well as an entropic effect favoring association in solution. Intermolecular orbital interactions between [Ar2MeTe]+ cations and OPPh3 are deemed insufficient on their own to ensure the cohesion of [Ar2MeTe ⋅ Bn]+ complexes in solution (B=Lewis base). Comparison of Grimme's and Tkatchenko's DFT‐D4/MBD‐vdW thermodynamics of formation of higher [Ar2MeTe ⋅ Bn]+ complexes revealed significant molecular size‐dependent divergence of the two methodologies, with MBD yielding better agreement with experiment.
Progress in Fabrication and Applications of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Microcapsules
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Yang Haixiao , Chen Yinjie , Yu Haifeng
Published: November 2023

Liquid crystals (LCs) are well known for inherent responsiveness to external stimuli, such as light, thermal, magnetic, and electric fields. Cholesteric LCs are among the most fascinating, since they possess distinctive optical properties due to the helical molecular orientation. However, the good flow, easy contamination, and poor stability of small‐molecule LCs limit their further applications, and microencapsulation as one of the most effective tools can evade these disadvantages. Microencapsulation can offer shell‐core structure with LCs in the core can strengthen their stability, avoiding interference with the environment while maintaining the stimuli‐responsiveness and optical properties. Here, we report recent progress in the fabrication and applications of cholesteric LC microcapsules (CLCMCs). We summarize general properties and basic principles, fabrication methods including interfacial polymerization, in‐situ polymerization, complex coacervation, solvent evaporation, microfluidic and polymerization of reactive mesogens, and then give a comprehensive overview of their applications in various popular domains, including smart fabrics, smart sensor, smart displays, anti‐counterfeiting, information encryption, biomedicine and actuators. Finally, we discuss the currently facing challenges and the potential development directions in this field.
Insight into the Role of Isolated Gold Atoms‐Ceria Conjunction in Catalyzing the Water‐Gas Shift Reaction†
Authors: Fu Xin‐Pu , Hui‐Zhao  , Wang Wei‐Wei , Jia Chun‐Jiang
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive Summary

As the promising catalysts for the water‐gas shift (WGS) reaction, the activity of Au‐CeO2 composites is susceptible to the aggregation size and electronic state of Au species. Previous reports were extensively focused on the discrepancy between nonmetallic Au and metallic Au nanoparticles, whereas the understanding of the authentic role of the isolated Au atoms was limited. Herein, we investigated the catalytic behavior and structural information over two types of Au/CeO2 catalysts, in which the predominant conjunctions were isolated Au1‐CeO2 and Aun‐CeO2, respectively. Based on comprehensive characterizations, particularly by in‐situ Raman and in‐situ DRIFTS, we found that the isolated Au atoms were responsible for enhancing the reducibility of the CeO2 matrix. The CO adsorption ability on the isolated Au sites was significantly inferior to clustered Au atoms, especially at relatively high temperatures (> 200 °C). As a result, the boosted O vacancy on the isolated Au1‐CeO2 conjunctions could improve the H2O activation ability for the Au‐CeO2 catalysts and demonstrate a comparable activity to the clustered Aun‐CeO2 sites. This work might deepen understanding of the catalytic function for the isolated Au1 site within Au/CeO2 systems while catalyzing the WGS reaction.
Second edition of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: Refining the role of salivary gland FNA
Authors: Rossi Esther Diana , Baloch Zubair , Barkan Guliz , Foschini Maria Pia , Kurtycz Daniel , Pusztaszeri Marc , Vielh Philippe , Faquin William C.
Published: November 2023

The use of standardized reporting systems for non‐gynecologic cytopathology has made enormous gains in popularity during the past decade, including for thyroid fine‐needle aspiration, urine cytology, serous effusions, pancreas, lymph nodes, lung, and more. In February 2018, the first edition Atlas of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was published. The MSRSGC defines six diagnostic fine‐needle aspiration categories encompassing the spectrum of non‐neoplastic, benign, and malignant lesions of the salivary glands. The goal of the MSRSGC is to combine each diagnostic category with a defined risk of malignancy and a specific clinical and/or surgical management algorithm. Since its initial publication in 2018, more than 200 studies and commentaries have been published confirming the role of the MSRSGC. The second edition of the MSRSGC, published in July 2023, includes refined risks of malignancy based on systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, a new chapter summarizing the use of salivary gland imaging, new advances in ancillary testing, and updates in nomenclature.
Bioequivalence Study of Epalrestat for Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Yang Dandan , Wang Xiaodan , Duan Yi , Xu Yichao , Ruan Zourong , Jiang Bo , Lou Honggang , Chen Jinliang
Published: November 2023

Epalrestat is a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of aldose reductase with selective inhibition of aldose reductase. It can inhibit the accumulation of sorbitol in red blood cells in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and can improve patients’ conscious symptoms and neurological dysfunction. This study was designed to evaluate the bioequivalence in healthy Chinese subjects of a new test formulation and reference formulation of oral epalrestat (50 mg) in the fasting state. The study was performed with 44 healthy Chinese subjects according to a randomized 2‐way crossover design. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of test formulation and reference formulation as follows: 4793 and 4781 ng/mL for maximum plasma concentration, 8556 and 8431 ng h/mL for area under the plasma concentration‐time curve extrapolated to infinity. The test formulation of epalrestat was bioequivalent to the reference formulation. The bioequivalence study of epalrestat in healthy Chinese subjects suggests that the test and reference formulations have similar pharmacokinetics and both formulations are well tolerated in the dose range studied in healthy Chinese subjects. All these findings provided valuable pharmacokinetic knowledge for further clinical development.
Creation of Novel Sensitive Probe Substrate and Moderate Inhibitor Models for a Comprehensive Prediction of CYP2C8 Interactions for Tucatinib
Authors: Templeton Ian E. , Rowland‐Yeo Karen , Jones Hannah M. , Endres Christopher J. , Topletz‐Erickson Ariel R. , Sun Hao , Lee Anthony J.
Published: November 2023

A physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to simulate plasma concentrations of tucatinib (TUKYSA®) after single‐dose or multiple‐dose administration of 300 mg b.i.d. orally. This PBPK model was subsequently applied to support evaluation of drug–drug interaction (DDI) risk as a perpetrator resulting from tucatinib inhibition of CYP3A4, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, P‐gp, or MATE1/2‐K. The PBPK model was also applied to support evaluation of DDI risk as a victim resulting from co‐administration with CYP3A4 or CYP2C8 inhibitors, or a CYP3A4 inducer. After refinement with clinical DDI data, the final PBPK model was able to recover the clinically observed single and multiple‐dose plasma concentrations for tucatinib when tucatinib was administered as a single agent in healthy subjects. In addition, the final model was able to recover clinically observed plasma concentrations of tucatinib when administered in combination with itraconazole, rifampin, or gemfibrozil as well as clinically observed plasma concentrations of probe substrates of CYP3A4, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, P‐gp, or MATE1/2‐K. The PBPK model was then applied to prospectively predict the potential perpetrator or victim DDIs with other substrates, inducers, or inhibitors. To simulate a potential interaction with a moderate CYP2C8 inhibitor, two novel PBPK models representing a moderate CYP2C8 inhibitor and a sensitive CYP2C8 substrate were developed based on the existing PBPK models for gemfibrozil and rosiglitazone, respectively. The simulated population geometric mean area under the curve ratio of tucatinib with a moderate CYP2C8 inhibitor ranged from 1.98‐ to 3.08‐fold, and based on these results, no dose modifications were proposed for moderate CYP2C8 inhibitors for the tucatinib label.
Electrochemical Properties of BaTaO2N Photocatalyst with Visible‐Light‐Driven Water Splitting Capability
Authors: Higashi Tomohiro , Nishimae Shinji , Inoue Yasunobu , Kageshima Yosuke , Domen Kazunari
Published: November 2023

The Front Cover image shows photoelectrochemical water splitting by a visible‐light‐responsive BaTaO2N particulate photoelectrode for oxygen evolution reaction. The oxygen evolution efficiency can be enhanced by a cocatalyst loaded on the BaTaO2N surface. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cptc.202300153.
Assembly and comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Poa pratensis
Authors: Ai Ye , Chen Jiabao , Chen Yinglong , Wang Xiaoqian , Wang Ning , Liang Wenyuan , Sun Xinbo , Chao Yuehui , Han Liebao
Published: November 2023

Poa pratensis is a widely cultivated turf grass with strong cold and drought resistance. While the chloroplast genome of P. pratensis has been sequenced, its mitochondrial genome remains unexplored. This study assembled the mitochondrial genome of P. pratensis, revealing a total length of 447,463 bp and a guanine‐cytosine content of 44.41%. Its main structure comprises a single circular molecule. Annotation results revealed the presence of 56 genes, including 34 unique protein‐coding genes, 19 tRNA genes, and three rRNA genes. Additionally, we investigated codon usage bias, repeats, sequence migration, and RNA editing events in the genome. Furthermore, we constructed a phylogenetic tree based on the mitochondrial genomes of P. pratensis and 20 related plants. Notably, synteny analysis results demonstrated that the mitochondrial genome of P. pratensis exhibited greater variation and more significant rearrangement than those of its close relatives. This study reports the complete mitochondrial genome of P. pratensis for the first time, providing a solid foundation for further research into the genetics of bluegrass.
Review the latest news regarding the ED's update of Section 504
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2023

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits postsecondary institutions that receive federal assistance from discriminating on the basis of disability in their programs or activities. In 2022, the 45th anniversary of the promulgation of Section 504, the U.S. Department of Education stated plans to update the corresponding federal regulations. To this end, ED's Office for Civil Rights solicited feedback and comments about possible changes to the decades‐old law (https://www2.ed.gov/policy/rights/reg/ocr/index.html). Likewise, ED expressed an intention to hold listening sessions to elicit further topics for amendment.
Learn about disability rights lawsuit before the Supreme Court
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2023

The U.S. Supreme Court recently heard oral arguments in the case of Acheson Hotels, LLC v. Laufer (https://bit.ly/45QuEAS). The case could curb activists’ ability to bring lawsuits against hotels and other places to ensure they are accessible and compliant with the ADA. The plaintiff, a woman with a disability, served as a “tester” and analyzed hundreds of hotels websites to identify whether they included accessibility information mandated by the ADA. She filed more than 600 lawsuits against small hotels and other places of public accommodation.
Combining UAV thermography, point cloud analysis and machine learning for assessing small‐scale evapotranspiration patterns in a tropical rainforest
Authors: Cortés‐Molino Álvaro , Valdés‐Uribe Alejandra , Ellsäßer Florian , Bulusu Medha , Ahongshangbam Joyson , Hendrayanto  , Hölscher Dirk , Röll Alexander
Published: November 2023

Microclimate and vegetation structure control evapotranspiration (ET) from land surfaces at stand and landscape scales. Tropical rainforests are among the most diverse and complex terrestrial ecosystems, harbouring vast plant and animal species throughout their dense multistory canopy. They contribute substantially to global precipitation through their high ET. However, there is little information about ET influences at very small spatial scales under given climatic conditions. In a tropical rainforest on Sumatra, we studied the relationship between pixel‐level ET as derived from high‐resolution (~10 cm), near‐surface thermography from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and canopy structure as derived from red–green–blue (RGB) image and three‐dimensional (3D) point cloud analyses. The 16 derived potential predictors encompassed vegetation height, height variability, vegetation density and reflectance variables. Using regression models, several of the studied variables had a significant linear relationship with ET, but the explained variance was only marginal. However, applying a random forest algorithm including forward feature selection and target oriented cross validation explained substantial parts of the pixel‐level variance in ET (R2 = 0.56–0.65), thus indicating multiple non‐linear relationships with interactions among predictor variables. Therein, green leaf index, leaf area density and vegetation height were often the most important variables for the prediction outcome, but their sequence varied among the four study plots. Overall, combining canopy structure variables derived from RGB photogrammetry explained relatively large parts of spatial ET variations. Our study thus indicates the large potential of combining UAV‐based thermography and photogrammetry techniques with machine learning approaches to better understand ET but also suggests that more work remains to be done in explaining ET patterns at very small spatial scales.
Evaluation of physicochemical properties of graphene oxide‐decellularized pericardium biohybrid scaffold
Authors: Deepak Thirumalai , Bharat Bansod Sneha , R. Babu Anju
Published: November 2023

The decellularized pericardium has been widely used in cardiac tissue engineering, whereas its clinical applications are limited due to weak mechanical performance, high collagen exposure, and being prone to microbial contamination. In this study, a biohybrid scaffold of the decellularized caprine pericardium (DCP) and graphene oxide (GO) was fabricated by an immersion coating technique. The antimicrobial activity of GO was evaluated against Escherichia coli and showed minimum inhibitory concentration at 125 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration at 250 μg/mL. The presence of GO on the surface of the biohybrid GO‐DCP was confirmed through SEM analysis. The existence of glycosaminoglycan, elastin, and collagen in the DCP and GO‐DCP was inferred from the FTIR spectra. The biocompatibility of GO‐DCP was studied by seeding valvular interstitial cells, and the results show GO coating supports cell adhesion on the serous and fibrous sides of the DCP. Further, the biomechanical response of DCP is unaltered by the presence of GO. In conclusion, GO enhances the biological performance of decellularized pericardium, which can be used in cardiac tissue engineering applications.
Carious typodont teeth's effectiveness in pre‐doctoral SIM lab to reinforce operative learning
Authors: Lee Brian Chieng , Lee June Hee , Abed Nejleh , Perkins Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The concept of ideal preparations in dental schools are highly emphasized during the first two years of students’ learning. However, students do not have as much opportunity to practice skills that would prepare them for real‐life stituations such as non‐ideal preparations and caries removal.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the benefits of utilizing carious typodont teeth in the Operative curriculum for first‐ and second‐year UCSF dental students

Methods

This study was completed by hosting a workshop in which the students performed a Class II preparation on #19 carious typodont tooth. The students filled out pre‐ and post‐surveys with questions about their confidence with performing a preparation and their opinions on the current curriculum.

Results

The pre‐survey responses showed that the majority of the first‐ and second‐year students did not believe that the traditional non‐carious typodont teeth were a good representation of prepping on real, carious teeth. The pre‐survey responses also showed that most of the first‐ and second‐year students thought that the addition of carious typodont teeth would improve their learning experience. The post‐survey results displayed that the majority of the students thought that prepping carious typodont teeth helped to better reinforce concepts such as preparation design, taught them the difference between ideal and non‐ideal preparations, and allowed them to better understand tooth anatomy with the addition of the dentin layer.

Conclusion

The use of the carious typodont teeth in pre‐clinical operative lab was found to be beneficial to first‐ and second‐year UCSF student’s learning based on the pre‐ and post‐survey results.
The imperative for quality control programs in Monkeypox virus DNA testing by PCR: CIBERINFEC quality control
Authors: de Salazar Adolfo , Martínez Miguel J. , Navero‐Castillejos Jessica , Negredo Anabel , Galán Juan Carlos , Rojo Molinero Estrella , Lagarejos Eduardo , Muñoz‐Almagro Carmen , Hernández Rodríguez Águeda , Lepe José Antonio , Antón Pagarolas Andrés , Pérez Castro Sonia , Zamora Cintas María Isabel , Domínguez‐Gil González Marta , Niubó‐Bosch Jordi , Gutiérrez Arroyo Almudena , Vazquez Ana , García Federico , Sánchez‐Seco Fariñas María Paz
Published: November 2023

To evaluate molecular assays for Mpox diagnosis available in various clinical microbiology services in Spain through a quality control (QC) approach. A total of 14 centers from across Spain participated in the study. The Reference Laboratory dispatched eight serum samples and eight nucleic acid extracts to each participating center. Some samples were spiked with Mpox or Vaccinia virus to mimic positive samples for Mpox or other orthopox viruses. Participating centers provided information on the results obtained, as well as the laboratory methods used. Among the 14 participating centers seven different commercial assays were employed, with the most commonly used kit being LightMix Modular Orthopox/Monkeypox (Mpox) Virus (Roche®). Of the 12 centers conducting Mpox determinations, concordance ranged from 62.5% (n = 1) to 100% (n = 11) for eluates and from 75.0% (n = 1) to 100% (n = 10) for serum. Among the 10 centers performing Orthopoxvirus determinations, a 100% concordance was observed for eluates, while for serum, concordance ranged from 87.5% (n = 6) to 100% (n = 4). Repeatedly, 6 different centers reported a false negative in serum samples for Orthopoxvirus diagnosis, particularly in a sample with borderline Ct = 39. Conversely, one center, using the TaqMan™ Mpox Virus Microbe Detection Assay (Thermo Fisher), reported false positives in Mpox diagnosis for samples spiked with vaccinia virus due to cross‐reactions. We observed a positive correlation of various diagnostic assays for Mpox used by the participating centers with the reference values. Our results highlight the significance of standardization, validation, and ongoing QC in the microbiological diagnosis of infectious diseases, which might be particularly relevant for emerging viruses.
Prediction of South China Sea summer monsoon onset in the CAMS‐CSM climate forecast system
Authors: Han Tongxin , Wang Lijuan
Published: November 2023

Based on a set of hindcast experiments from 2011 to 2020, the prediction skills of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science Climate System Model (CAMS‐CSM) climate forecast system (CFS) on the abrupt changes and characteristic processes associated with the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) establishment are evaluated. We studied predictions for three different lead times, that is, LT1‐30, LT31‐60 and LT61‐90. The CAMS‐CSM CFS captures the climatological SCSSM onset date at all lead times, while the prediction skill of the SCSSM onset index decreases with the increasing lead times. The features of abrupt changes and characteristic processes related to the SCSSM establishment can be generally reproduced in the predictions, but different biases exist at three lead times. Besides, the CAMS‐CSM CFS provides higher skill on the transition of the zonal wind shear (ZWS) than that of meridional temperature difference (MTG). The transition date of MTG can only be accurately predicted at LT1‐30, indicating the limited ability of predicting temperature. Further results confirm that the CFS cannot well capture the eastward withdrawal of the western North Pacific subtropical high on late onset years, thereby leading a poorer prediction skill than early onset years. In addition, skillful prediction on the eastward extension of westerlies from the equatorial Indian Ocean to SCS also contributes to increase predictability of SCSSM onset.
Intracapsular Versus Total Tonsillectomy in Patients with Trisomy 21
Authors: Timashpolsky Alisa , Aggarwal Ashna , Ruiz Ryan , Devine Conor
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (iTA) has become a popular alternative to extracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (TT) for the treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) due to improved recovery and fewer complications. The objective of this study was to compare surgical recovery and impact on OSA of iTA versus TT in patients with Trisomy 21 (T21).

Methods

This is a case series with chart review of all T21 patients who underwent iTA or TT at our institution between July 1, 2015 and August 15, 2022. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, preoperative sleep studies, intraoperative data, complications and recovery, postoperative sleep studies, and follow‐up data.

Results

There were 62 (21.7%) patients who underwent iTA and 224 (78.3%) patients who underwent TT. The iTA group had significantly lower pain scores (p < 0.001), decreased use of narcotics (p < 0.001), shorter length of stay (p = 0.003), and faster return to oral intake (p = 0.01) during their postoperative hospital admission, and fewer 30‐day complications (p = 0.009) compared to the TA group. Both groups showed significant improvements in their sleep studies. For 41 (66.1%) of iTA patients who had follow‐up, median follow‐up was 1.8 years and for 169 (75.4%) TT patients, median follow‐up was 2.6 years. At follow‐up, 21 of 41 (51.2%) iTA patients and 83 of 169 (49.1%) TT patients exhibited OSA symptoms (p = 0.084) and tonsillar regrowth was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.12).

Conclusion

Patients with T21 experience less pain and fewer postoperative respiratory complications from iTA than from TT. The short‐term impact of iTA versus TT on OSA, as measured by poysomnography, does not differ between the two techniques.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:2430–2437, 2024
Levodopa‐Entacapone‐Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Treatment in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Single‐Center Study of 30 Patients
Authors: Viljaharju Vili , Mertsalmi Tuomas , Pauls K. Amande M. , Koivu Maija , Eerola‐Rautio Johanna , Udd Marianne , Pekkonen Eero
Published: November 2023

Background

Levodopa‐entacapone‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LECIG) is a novel device assisted treatment option for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been available in Finland since 2020. There is paucity of scientific studies considering LECIG treatment in clinical practice.

Objectives

Objectives of this study were to evaluate the changes in medication, adverse events and early discontinuations of LECIG treatment in real life clinical practice.

Methods

The records of 30 consecutive patients, who received LECIG between years 2020 and 2022 in Helsinki University Hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. Data considering changes in medication, discontinuations, and adverse events during the first six months of LECIG treatment was collected.

Results

Mean levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) rose significantly between baseline before LECIG and six months with treatment (1230 mg vs. 1570 mg, P = 0.001). Three patients were discarded during nasojejunal tube test phase and seven discontinued the treatment during six‐month follow‐up. Most common reasons for discontinuation were difficulty in finding suitable infusion rate and neuropsychiatric problems. Safety issues encountered were similar to those reported with levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) treatment. One case of rhabdomyolysis due to severe dyskinesia during LECIG treatment was observed. Patients were satisfied with the small size of the pump system.

Conclusions

LEDD seems to increase during the first months of LECIG treatment. When compared to studies on LCIG, safety profile of LECIG appears similar, but early discontinuation rate is higher than expected. However, long‐term studies are lacking. Only clear advantage to LCIG appears to be the smaller LECIG pump size.
Allele‐specific long‐range sequencing as a method for ABO haplotyping in clinical blood group diagnosis and immunohematology research
Authors: Matzhold Eva Maria , Drexler‐Helmberg Camilla , Helmberg Wolfgang , Wagner Andrea , Wagner Thomas
Published: November 2023

Background

Safe transfusion therapy requires accurate testing of blood donors and recipients to determine their ABO blood group compatibility. Genotyping does not always clarify serological blood typing discrepancies and conventional PCR methods are not suitable to identify ABO haplotypes. Therefore, an allele‐specific long‐range sequencing‐based typing method was established.

Methods

Study samples (n = 100) and six patient samples were ABO phenotyped and screened for specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the ABO gene. Based on identified heterozygous SNPs in intron 1 (12897G>A), 2 (437C>T) or 4 (102C>A, 1511G>T) both ABO alleles were investigated separately using a high‐fidelity long‐range PCR system and Sanger sequencing. The alleles were correlated to the ABO phenotypes determined.

Results

Direct sequencing of allelic PCR products up to 6743 bases has been successful in discriminating common combinations of the ABO*A1.01, ABO*A2.01, ABO*B.01, ABO*O.01.01, ABO*O.01.02 and ABO*O.02.01 alleles. 10 out of 64 haplotypes were found to be not previously described. The uncommon ABO*AW.31.01 and the unusual O alleles ABO*O.05 and ABO*O.02.03 alleles were detected in patient samples, resolving the initial inconclusive serologic ABO typing results.

Conclusion

This method is an effective tool for analyzing ABO haplotypes. Applicable for ABO molecular diagnostics and immunohematology research it may help to improve pre‐transfusion blood type testing.
Coping among Black college women: A transformative study of gendered racism
Authors: Burton Wanda M. , Ezemenaka Christina , Jaiswal Jessica , Guyotte Kelly W. , Sanders Angelia M.
Published: November 2023

Black women in the United States are placed at higher risk for mental health challenges, including distress and depression, due to structural inequities. Black college women enrolled in predominantly White institutions may be particularly exposed to stressors related to gendered racism, but there is limited knowledge about this population's coping strategies. A cross‐sectional survey and focus group were utilized to understand and disrupt participants’ experiences of gendered racism. In phase one, a survey assessing coping strategies and mental health outcomes was conducted with 168 Black women enrolled at a predominantly White institution in the southeastern United States. Logistic regression results indicated that several coping strategies including behavioral disengagement, self‐blame, self‐distraction, denial, and positive reframing were significantly associated with depression and psychological distress, all p < 0.05. Phase two included a single focus group with a subset of the sample from phase one. The focus group findings supplemented the survey results, suggesting education (more accurately consciousness‐raising) as a foundational theme that seemed to create space for humor and social support as coping subthemes and created a transformative space where participants spoke openly about gendered racism. Findings from this study highlight the societal underpinnings that shape Black college women's experiences of gendered racism. College settings should endeavor to provide formal and informal support for Black women to minimize the harms related to gendered racism.
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Authors: Whba Rawdah , Su'ait Mohd Sukor , Ibrahim Salmiah , Ahmad Azizan
Published: November 2023

The cover image is based on the Research Article Epoxidized natural rubber‐graft‐acrylonitrile (ENR‐g‐ACN)‐based solid polymer electrolytes for energy storage application by Rawdah Whba et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.6557.

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Functional analysis of Salix purpurea genes support roles for ARR17 and GATA15 as master regulators of sex determination
Authors: Hyden Brennan , Carper Dana L. , Abraham Paul E. , Yuan Guoliang , Yao Tao , Baumgart Leo , Zhang Yu , Chen Cindy , O'Malley Ronan , Chen Jin‐Gui , Yang Xiaohan , Hettich Robert L. , Tuskan Gerald A. , Smart Lawrence B.
Published: November 2023

The Salicaceae family is of growing interest in the study of dioecy in plants because the sex determination region (SDR) has been shown to be highly dynamic, with differing locations and heterogametic systems between species. Without the ability to transform and regenerate Salix in tissue culture, previous studies investigating the mechanisms regulating sex in the genus Salix have been limited to genome resequencing and differential gene expression, which are mostly descriptive in nature, and functional validation of candidate sex determination genes has not yet been conducted. Here, we used Arabidopsis to functionally characterize a suite of previously identified candidate genes involved in sex determination and sex dimorphism in the bioenergy shrub willow Salix purpurea. Six candidate master regulator genes for sex determination were heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis, followed by floral proteome analysis. In addition, 11 transcription factors with predicted roles in mediating sex dimorphism downstream of the SDR were tested using DAP‐Seq in both male and female S. purpurea DNA. The results of this study provide further evidence to support models for the roles of ARR17 and GATA15 as master regulator genes of sex determination in S. purpurea, contributing to a regulatory system that is notably different from that of its sister genus Populus. Evidence was also obtained for the roles of two transcription factors, an AP2/ERF family gene and a homeodomain‐like transcription factor, in downstream regulation of sex dimorphism.
Lung cancer screening program factors that influence psychosocial outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: McFadden Kathleen , Rankin Nicole M. , Nickel Brooke , Li Tong , Jennett Chloe J. , Sharman Ashleigh R. , Quaife Samantha L. , Dodd Rachael H. , Houssami Nehmat
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Lung cancer screening (LCS) programs are being designed and implemented globally. Early data suggests that the psychosocial impacts of LCS are influenced by program factors, but evidence synthesis is needed. This systematic review aimed to elucidate the impact of service‐level factors on psychosocial outcomes to inform optimal LCS program design and future implementation.

Methods

Four databases were searched from inception to July 2023. Inclusion criteria were full‐text articles published in English that reported an association between any program factors and psychosocial outcomes experienced during LCS. Study quality was appraised, and findings were synthesised narratively.

Results

Thirty‐two articles were included; 29 studies were assessed at high or moderate risk of bias. Study designs were RCT (n = 3), pre‐post (n = 6), cross‐sectional (n = 12), mixed‐methods (n = 1), and qualitative (n = 10) studies, and conducted primarily in the USA (n = 25). Findings suggested that targeted interventions can improve smoking‐related or decisional psychosocial outcomes (e.g., smoking cessation interventions increase readiness/motivation to quit) but impacts of interventions on other psychological outcomes were varied. There was limited evidence reporting association between service delivery components and psychological outcomes, and results suggested moderation by individual aspects (e.g., expectation of results, baseline anxiety). Opportunities for discussion were key in reducing psychological harm.

Conclusions

Certain program factors are reportedly associated with psychosocial impacts of LCS, but study heterogeneity and quality necessitate more real‐world studies. Future work should examine (a) implementation of targeted interventions and high‐value discussion during LCS, and (b) optimal methods and timing of risk and result communication, to improve psychosocial outcomes while reducing time burden for clinicians.
Thermal decomposition of fluorinated polymers used in plasticized explosives and munitions
Authors: Kominia Athina , Smith James L. , Sheehan Pamela , Oxley Jimmie C.
Published: November 2023

A number of military explosives and munitions employ fluorinated polymers as binders or components, e. g., PBXN‐5. To determine potential environmental releases during disposal operations, the thermal decomposition of the fluorinated polymers Viton A, Kel‐F, and Teflon were examined alone and in combination with the explosive HMX. Although PBXN‐5 only contains 5 % by weight Viton A, laboratory prepared analogs were made with 5 % polymer as well as with 50 % polymer to ensure polymer decomposition products could be detected. Under air and under nitrogen decomposition was examined by SDT [simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)], TGA‐infrared (IR) spectrometry, and pyrolysis gas chromatography with mass spectrometric analysis (GC‐MS). All three techniques, SDT, TGA‐IR, and pyrolysis GC‐MS, suggest that decomposition of HMX could be completed at low temperature before polymer decomposition ensues. To confirm this observation, pyrolysis GC‐MS was performed at temperatures below 350 °C since above this temperature all three polymers exhibited some fluorinated decomposition products.
Response of organic solvents to vitrification and electron exposure in cryo‐TEM experiments
Authors: Zhang Pilan , Du Haiqin , Cui Shiwen , Zhou Ping , Xu Yifei
Published: November 2023

Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) has impacted biology and materials science profoundly due to its power in studying aqueous specimens. However, it remains challenging to extend this technique to organic solvent systems as organic solvents are often difficult to vitrify and are unstable under electron beams. Here, we studied the response of the 23 most commonly used organic solvents to vitrification and electron exposure in cryo‐TEM experiments. Optimized vitrification method was determined for each of the solvents, and the electron tolerances of the solvents were thoroughly measured using high‐resolution imaging. Generic rules underlying the different performances of the solvents were discussed. Based on the rules, methods were developed to enhance the electron exposure stability of the organic solvents. Our results provide guidance for optimizing cryo‐TEM experiments on organic solvent specimens.
Efficient Synthesis of Fused Heterocycles Incorporating Pyrazole/Thiadiazine or Pyrazole/Thiadiazepine Fragments Using N‐Chlorosulfonyltrihaloacetimidoyl Chlorides
Authors: Shalimov Oleksandr , Kolotylo Mykola , Otsaliuk Dmytro , Shishkina Svitlana , Muzychka Oksana , Onys'ko Petro
Published: November 2023

A novel simple and effective method has been developed for constructing pyrazolothiadiazine and pyrazolothiadiazepine fused heterocycles incorporating an endocyclic sulfonamide fragment. The cyclocondensation of readily available N‐(chlorosulfonyl)imidoyl chlorides, RC(Cl)=NSO2Cl (R=CCl3, CF2Br), with N‐methyl‐substituted 4‐ or 5‐aminopyrazoles results in the formation of isomeric pyrazolothiadiazine‐S,S‐dioxides. Additionally, when 5‐ or 3‐aminoalkyl‐substituted pyrazoles are employed, they serve as 1,4‐N−C−C−C binucleophiles, leading to the synthesis of novel pyrazolothiadiazepine heterocycles. Notably, the trichloromethyl and bromodifluoromethyl substituents in these compounds can be converted into dichloromethyl and difluoromethyl groups, providing enhanced functionalization options.
Tuning [VO6] Octahedron of Ammonium Vanadates via F Incorporation for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhuang Yanling , Zong Quan , Wu Yuanzhe , Liu Chaofeng , Zhang Qilong , Tao Daiwen , Zhang Jingji , Wang Jiangying , Cao Guozhong
Published: November 2023

The electrochemical properties of vanadium‐based materials as cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries are still restricted by low conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics, and poor structural stability. Herein, the [VO6] octahedron, as the basic unit of vanadium‐oxide layer of ammonium vanadates (NH4V4O10, denoted as NVO), is incorporated by F atoms to regulate the coordinated environment of vanadium. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results show that both physicochemical and electrochemical properties of NVO are improved by F‐doping. The enhanced electronic conductivity accelerates the electron transfer and the expanded interlayer spacing expedites the diffusion kinetics of zinc ions. As a result, the F‐doped NVO (F‐NVO) electrode shows a high discharge capacity (465 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), good rate capability (260 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and long‐term cycling stability (88% capacity retention over 2000 cycles at 4 A g−1). The reaction kinetics and energy storage mechanism of F‐NVO are further validated by in situ and ex situ characterizations.
Dual‐Ligand Strategy to Construct Metal Organic Gel Catalyst with the Optimized Electronic Structure for High‐Efficiency Overall Water Splitting and Flexible Metal–Air Battery
Authors: Dong Xinran , Shi Weiyi , Wang Gang , Chen Jinwei , Wang Ruilin , Zhang Jie
Published: November 2023

Non‐noble metal catalysts are known for their efficient catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Metal organic gels (MOGs) can be considered as a promising electrocatalyst owing to the diverse physicochemical properties but usually suffer from its poor electrical conductivity and catalytic stability. Here, a FeCo‐MOG is constructed with considerable trifunctional activity. The optimal P‐CoFe‐H3 prepared by using phytic acid (PA) and 2,4,6‐Tris[(p‐carboxyphenyl)amino]‐1,3,5‐triazine benzoic acid (H3TATAB) as dual ligands), exhibits outstanding ORR, OER, and HER activities as well as stability, exceeding most of state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. As expected, the flexible Zn‐air battery applied with P‐CoFe‐H3 as air cathode displays considerable power density, discharge voltage plateau, and cycling stability. Impressively, it is also capable of driving the overall water‐splitting device by applying the P‐CoFe‐H3 as anode and cathode. Furthermore, theoretical calculations reveal that dual ligands can optimize the coordination environment and charge density of active sites, thereby reducing the absorption energy of intermediate species and boosting the catalytic performance. This work endows the dual‐ligands coordination strategy with great potentiality for MOGs‐based electrocatalysts in energy conversion devices.