bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response in cancerous and noncancerous cells
Authors: Purnell Marcy C , Butawan Matthew BA , Bingol Kemal , Tolley Elizabeth A , Whitt Michael A
Published: June 2018

Objectives:

The bio-field array is a device that generates a dielectrophoretic electromagnetic field when placed in a hypotonic saline solution and a direct current of approximately 3 A is applied. It is known that cell physiology is guided by bioelectrical properties, and there is a significant growth inhibition in cancerous (MDA-MB-231) cells that are grown in media that has been reconstituted with the saline that has been exposed to the bio-field array direct current dielectrophoretic electromagnetic field, alternatively there is no growth inhibition noted in noncancerous cells (MCF-10A) when grown in the bio-field array direct current dielectrophoretic electromagnetic field treated versus control media.

Methods:

To examine the basis for selective growth inhibition in human breast carcinoma, we employed cell death assays, cell cycle assays, microarray analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

We found a large transcriptional reprogramming in the cell lines and of the genes affected, those involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response pathways showed some of the most dramatic changes. Cancerous cells grown in media that has been reconstituted with a hypotonic saline solution that has been exposed to the bio-field array direct current dielectrophoretic electromagnetic field show a significant and strong upregulation of the apoptotic arms of the unfolded protein response while the noncancerous cells show a decrease in endoplasmic reticulum stress via microarray analyses and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Conclusion:

The bio-field array shows potential to initiate apoptosis in cancerous cells while relieving cell stress in noncancerous cells in vitro. These studies lay a foundation for nurses to conduct future in vivo models for the possible development of future adjunct treatments in chronic disease.
Prognostic significance of Cep55 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Surendra L , Haragannavar Vanishri C , Rao Roopa S , Prasad Kavitha , Sowmya SV , Augustine Dominic , Nambiar Shwetha
Published: June 2018

Objective:

Currently, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most fatal cancers of all head and neck malignancies. Despite advancements in therapy, the mortality and morbidity remain high. Hence, it is essential to identify useful prognostic markers for high-risk individuals with OSCC to decide on treatment protocols. Centrosomal protein 55 ( Cep55), a regulator of the cell cycle, has been considered to play a role in carcinogenesis. Although there are numerous studies on its role in various other epithelial cancers such as breast, ovarian and lung cancers, its significance in the behaviour of OSCC is yet to be studied. The present study aimed to study Cep55 expression in OSCC and correlate with the tumour characteristics and patient survival.

Materials and Methods:

Forty pathologically diagnosed cases of OSCC were included in the study: 20 each of early and advanced OSCC cases. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival samples were used. The sections were immunohistochemically stained with Cep55 antibody. The expression levels of Cep55 were correlated with clinical parameters and disease outcome.

Results:

A higher expression of Cep55 was observed in advanced stage compared to early stage of OSCC. The Cep55 expression showed no significant relation with respect to clinical staging, pathological grading and site, except for tongue. Cep55 overexpression is significantly associated with poor survival.

Conclusion:

The present study suggests that Cep55 could play an important role in determining the biological behaviour and survival of OSCC patients independent of tumour staging and pathological grading. Thus, assessment of Cep55 expression could navigate the surgeons to plan an appropriate treatment.
Use of Multiple Social Media Platforms in Relation to Psychological Functioning in Emerging Adults
Authors: Vannucci Anna , Ohannessian Christine McCauley , Gagnon Sonja
Published: June 2018

The current study examined relationships between different types of social media platforms used and psychological functioning in a diverse, national U.S. sample of emerging adults (18–22 years). Participants completed surveys online in the spring of 2014. Findings from a path analysis model suggested that individuals who used a higher number of different social media platforms reported more anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, total alcohol consumption, and drug use. Facebook use was associated uniquely with depressive symptoms and Snapchat use with substance use. Neither Instagram use nor Twitter use was associated with any measures of psychological functioning. Gender differences also were not observed. Findings highlight the importance of considering the number of different social media platforms used, as well as the specific platform itself, when conceptualizing the relationship between social media use and psychological functioning in emerging adults.
Risk or Release?: Porn Use Trajectories and the Accumulation of Sexual Partners
Authors: Rasmussen Kyler R. , Bierman Alex
Published: June 2018

A central question in the study of pornography consumption is whether consumption influences risky sexual behavior. In this research, we focus on one key aspect of risky sexual behavior, the accumulation of sexual partners. Using longitudinal latent class analysis of a nationally representative sample, we determine distinct trajectories of pornography consumption. We then use hurdle models to relate membership in these trajectories to the initiation of sexual activity and accumulation of sexual partners. Even with controls for likely confounds (such as risk-taking propensity and relationship formation), we find that adolescents with a trajectory of early and regular pornography use are more likely to report the initiation of sexual activity and nearly double the number of sexual partners as those with a low-use trajectory. This research is of sociological interest because pornography consumption is becoming increasingly common well before adulthood, suggesting that recent cohorts of emerging adults may be more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior through the accumulation of multiple sexual partners.
Review of fundamentals and applications of polyester nanocomposites filled with carbonaceous nanofillers
Authors: Kausar Ayesha
Published: June 2018

Polyester is a versatile commercially significant polymer (thermoplastic/thermoset) well-known for its biodegradability and excellent thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties. Synthetic aromatic polyester resins usually have better moisture resistance, nonflammability, liquid crystal, strength, thermal, and environmental features compared with natural/aliphatic polyesters. Nanofillers can reinforce these important polymers to further enhance the final nanocomposite structural and physical characteristics. This review presents research devoted to polyester nanocomposites with essential nanofillers such as; nanodiamond, fullerene, carbon nanotube, graphene, and graphene oxide. High-performance polyester/nanocomposites have been developed based on modified polyester design, nanofiller functionality, and optimized interaction between matrix and nanofiller. This article also presents state-of-the-art technological development in the field of polyester/nanocomposites predominantly in supercapacitors, fuel cells, shape memory materials, electromagnetic shielding materials, textiles, and biomedical appliances. Furthermore, future scenarios in scientific development of these nanocomposites are discussed.
Application of chlorite thermometry to estimation of formation temperature and redox conditions
Authors: Inoue Atsuyuki , Inoué Sayako , Utada Minoru
Published: June 2018

Diverse applications of chlorite thermometry have been considered for better understanding the formation process in nature. Here, an approach which combined a semi-empirical thermometer (Inoueet al.,2009) with the method of Walshe (1986) was tested to estimate the redox conditions (logfO2) and the formation temperature, using the literature data from Niger, Rouez and St Martin and new data for chlorite which coexists with pink-coloured epidote in the Noboribetsu geothermal field. The logfO2predicted for the former data sets were compatible with those estimated by Vidalet al.(2016), suggesting that the present approach is valid for quantifying the variations in logfO2. The Noboribetsu chlorites have lower Fe/(Fe + Mn + Mg) and greater Fe3+/ΣFe ratios than those observed in adjacent propylite rocks. The peculiar mineral assemblage and chemical composition are attributed to the formation under higherfO2conditions and possibly low Fe concentration in the alteration fluids.
Nonviral RNA chimeric antigen receptor–modified T cells in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Svoboda Jakub , Rheingold Susan R. , Gill Saar I. , Grupp Stephan A. , Lacey Simon F. , Kulikovskaya Irina , Suhoski Megan M. , Melenhorst J. Joseph , Loudon Brandon , Mato Anthony R. , Nasta Sunita Dwivedy , Landsburg Daniel J. , Youngman Matthew R. , Levine Bruce L. , Porter David L. , June Carl H. , Schuster Stephen J.
Published: June 2018

Key Points

Manufacturing CART19 by transfecting autologous T cells with messenger RNA is feasible. Targeting CD19+ B cells in cHL using nonviral RNA CART19 was well tolerated and resulted in transient responses in a pilot study.
Development of the infant foot as a load bearing structure: study protocol for a longitudinal evaluation (the Small Steps study)
Authors: Price Carina , McClymont Juliet , Hashmi Farina , Morrison Stewart C. , Nester Christopher
Published: June 2018

Background

An improved understanding of the structural and functional development of the paediatric foot is fundamental to a strong theoretical framework for health professionals and scientists. An infant's transition from sitting, through crawling and cruising, to walking is when the structures and function of the foot must adapt to bearing load. The adaptation of skin and other hard and soft tissue, and foot and gait biomechanics, during this time is poorly understood. This is because data characterising the foot tissue and loading pre‐walking onset does not exist. Of the existing kinematic and plantar pressure data, few studies have collected data which reflects the real‐life activities of infants with modern equipment.

Methods

This is a longitudinal study and part of the Great Foundations Initiative, a collaborative project between the University of Brighton and the University of Salford, which is seeking to improve foot health in children. Two cohorts of 50 infants will be recruited at the two sites (University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK and University of Salford, Salford, UK). Infants will be recruited when they first reach for their feet and attend four laboratory visits at milestones related to foot loading, with experienced independent walking being the final milestone. Data collection will include tissue characteristics (skin thickness, texture, elasticity, pH and tendon thickness and cross‐sectional area), plantar pressures and kinematics captured during real world locomotion tasks.

Discussion

This study will provide a database characterising the development of the infant foot as it becomes a weight bearing structure. The data will allow effective comparison and quantification of changes in structure and function due to maturation and loading by measuring pre and post established walking. Additional variables which impact on the development of the foot (gender, ethnicity and body weight) will also be factored into our analysis. This will help us to advance understanding of the determinants of foot development in early childhood.
A Dose-Escalating Study With the Fetal Estrogen Estetrol in Healthy Men
Authors: Coelingh Bennink Herjan J T , Zimmerman Yvette , Verhoeven Carole , Dutman Alice E , Mensinga Tjeert , Kluft Cornelis , Reisman Yacov , Debruyne Frans M J
Published: June 2018

Context

Luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists have replaced estrogens for endocrine treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PC) because of cardiovascular side effects. The fetal estrogen estetrol (E4) may be safer for PC treatment and is expected to decrease testosterone (T) and prevent estrogen deficiency.

Objective

To investigate the safety and T-suppressive effect of E4 in healthy men.

Design

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating study.

Setting

The study was conducted at a phase I clinical unit (QPS, Netherlands).

Participants

Healthy male volunteers aged 40 to 70 years.

Intervention(s)

Three treatment cohorts of 15 volunteers with placebo (n = 5) and E4 (n = 10). Estetrol doses tested were 20, 40, and 60 mg/d. Subjects were treated for 4 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures

Subjective side effects, pharmacodynamic effects on hemostatic variables, lipids, glucose, bone parameters, and endocrine parameters related to T metabolism.

Results

Total and free T decreased dose-dependently and significantly. Nipple tenderness occurred in 40% and decrease of libido occurred in 30% of E4-treated men. The unwanted estrogenic effects on hemostasis were small, dose dependent, and in some cases significant. Lipid and bone parameters showed a favorable trend.

Conclusion

The effect of E4 on testosterone levels is insufficient for standalone PC treatment. Taking all clinical and pharmacodynamic variables into consideration, a daily dose of 40 mg E4 seems safe for further evaluation of endocrine PC treatment in combination with LHRH analogs.
Robert Duncan and the 1960s
Authors: Katz Daniel
Published: June 2018

This essay examines the contradictions of Robert Duncan’s 1960s political poetry by way of his reading of the legacy of modernism, notably as expounded in The H.D. Book. Drawing on the work of Daniel Tiffany, the essay first argues that here Duncan constructs a kitsch Ezra Pound to restore the true progressive political potential of Pound’s poetry. Using a largely Freudian methodology, Duncan finds in “kitsch” Pound a vector that opposes his authoritarian fascism. The essay then examines how Poundian poetics operates in Duncan’s poetry written in opposition to the Vietnam War and in support of the Berkeley free speech movement. This work is brought into dialogue with some of the conversations in France following May 1968 and with the slogan “Structures don’t take to the streets.” In both these sites, the question of the problematic relationship between individual political volition and activism, on the one hand, and a bourgeois conception of subjectivity, consciousness, and will, on the other, emerges as crucial.
Seeing Environmental Violence in Deep Time
Authors: Irvine Richard D. G.
Published: June 2018

What does it mean to do violence in deep time? How is deep time evoked in our understanding of environmental harm? Environmental transformations have figured prominently in the recent history of Mongolia. Shifts in land use have been associated with severe pasture degradation, and the precarity of herding livelihoods has been a factor accelerating urbanization. Most recently, the intensification of mining activity has been a particular source of social and economic change. These contexts have led to a political and religious reevaluation of human relationships with the land. This article focuses on literary and musical interventions (particularly rap music in the first part of the article and the literary work of G. Mend-Ooyo in the later part) that draw attention to this changing relationship with the environment, which the article portrays as a potential rupture. We explore how these works domesticate deep time, nesting personal histories within the temporal depth of the landscape and crosshatching biographical, mythological, and geologic understandings of time. Yet we then see how this domestication comes to be threatened by developments that sever the relationship between people and land, leading to the disturbing prospect of being left stranded in the face of an inhospitable deep time.
Moderate Exercise Enhances Endothelial Progenitor Cell Exosomes Release and Function
Authors: MA CHUNLIAN , WANG JINJU , LIU HUA , CHEN YANYU , MA XIAOTANG , CHEN SHUZHEN , CHEN YANFANG , BIHL JI , YANG YI
Published: June 2018

Purpose

Exercise has cardiovascular benefits which might be related to endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Meanwhile, there is evidence suggesting that EPC-derived exosomes (EPC-EX) promote vascular repair and angiogenesis through their carried microRNA (miR)-126. In this study, we investigated whether exercise could increase the levels of circulating EPC-EX and their miR-126 cargo, and by which promote the protective function of EPC-EX on endothelial cells (EC).

Methods

Plasma EPC-EX from sedentary, low, or moderate exercise mice, respectively, denoted as EPC-EXS, EPC-EXL, and EPC-EXM, were isolated using microbead-based sorting techniques and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, Western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assessments of biomarkers and miR-126. High glucose (25 mM) with hypoxia (1% O2) was used for inducing an EC injury model. The injured EC were treated by coculturing with vehicle, EPC-EXS, EPC-EXL, EPC-EXM, or EPC-EXM + anti–miR-126. After that, EC were used for flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis, assessments of tube formation and migration, and measurements of miR-126 level and its downstream sprouty-related protein-1 (SPRED1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Results

1) Isolated EPC-EX positively expressed exosomal markers (CD63 and Tsg101) and EPC markers (CD34 and VEGFR2). 2) Exercise intensity dependently elevated plasma level of EPC, EPC-EX/EPC ratio, and miR-126 expression in EPC and EPC-EX. 3) Injured EC displayed apoptosis increment, angiogenic dysfunction and miR-126 reduction. 4) EPC-EXM had better effects than EPC-EXS and EPC-EXL on alleviating those changes of injured EC, accompanied with SPRED1 downregulation and VEGF upregulation. 5) The effects of EPC-EXM were abolished by miR-126 knockdown.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that exercise can increase EPC-EX release and miR-126 level and enhance the effects of EPC-EX on protecting EC against injury through the SPRED1/VEGF pathway.
Συναισθηματική νοημοσύνη εκπαιδευτικών: ο ρόλος της στο συναίσθημα και στην κινητοποίηση στην εργασία τους
Authors: Βάσιου Αικατερίνη
Published: June 2018

Στις έρευνες των επιστημόνων που μελετούν την εργασία των εκπαιδευτικών δεν έχουν συμπεριληφθεί οι συναισθηματικές τους ικανότητες (Brackett, et al., 2008), παρόλο που φαίνεται ότι αυτές έχουν σημαντική επίδραση στο συναίσθημα και στα κίνητρά τους. Στόχος των δύο ερευνών ήταν να διερευνηθούν οι συσχετίσεις της συναισθηματικής νοημοσύνης των εκπαιδευτικών με το συναίσθημα και την κινητοποίηση στην εργασία τους. Και στις δύο έρευνες οι συμμετέχοντες εκπαιδευτικοί συμπλήρωσαν την κλίμακα συναισθηματικής νοημοσύνης Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS· Wong & Law, 2002). Στην πρώτη έρευνα, οι 199 συμμετέχοντες εκπαιδευτικοί συμπλήρωσαν επιπλέον τις κλίμακες: Overall Job Satisfaction (Brayfield & Rothe, 1951), Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1986), State Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1980) και Job Affect Scale (JAS· Brief, Burke, George, Robinson, & Webster, 1988). Στη δεύτερη έρευνα, οι 98 συμμετέχοντες εκπαιδευτικοί συμπλήρωσαν επιπλέον τις κλίμακες: Ohio State teacher efficacy scale (OSTES· Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy, 2001) και Teachers’ Achievement Goals in Work Questionnaire (Papaioannou, 2001). Τα αποτελέσματα από τις δύο έρευνες έδειξαν, ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί με υψηλότερα επίπεδα συναισθηματικής νοημοσύνης ήταν περισσότερο προσανατολισμένοι στο έργο, δήλωναν υψηλότερα ποσοστά αυτοαποτελεσματικότητας, βίωναν μεγαλύτερη επαγγελματική ικανοποίηση, περισσότερο θετικό συναίσθημα, λιγότερη επαγγελματική εξουθένωση και λιγότερο αρνητικό συναίσθημα και άγχος στην εργασία τους. Με την παρουσίαση των δύο ερευνών επιχειρείται να διαμορφωθεί μια ολοκληρωμένη εικόνα για το ρόλο της συναισθηματικής νοημοσύνης των εκπαιδευτικών στην εργασία τους.
Recent advances in understanding and managing contact dermatitis
Authors: Martin Stefan F. , Rustemeyer Thomas , Thyssen Jacob P.
Published: June 2018

About 20% of the general population is contact-sensitized to common haptens such as fragrances, preservatives, and metals. Many also develop allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), the clinical manifestation of contact sensitization. ACD represents a common health issue and is also one of the most important occupational diseases. Although this inflammatory skin disease is mediated predominantly by memory T lymphocytes recognizing low-molecular-weight chemicals after skin contact, the innate immune system also plays an important role. Along that line, the presence of irritants may increase the risk of ACD and therefore ACD is often seen in the context of irritant contact dermatitis. In this review article, we discuss recent progress in basic research that has dramatically increased our understanding of the pathomechanisms of ACD and provides a basis for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Current methods for diagnosis as well as treatment options of ACD are also discussed.
Normal Human Lactation: closing the gap
Authors: Boss Melinda , Gardner Hazel , Hartmann Peter
Published: June 2018

With the exception of infant growth, there are no well-defined parameters describing normal human lactation. This represents a major gap in the continuum of care that does not exist for other major organs. Biological normality occurs naturally and is characterized by well-integrated function. We have proposed a definition that highlights four key elements that describe parameters for biological normality: comfort, milk supply, infant health, and maternal health. Notwithstanding the current limitations, published data have been collated to provide preliminary markers for the initiation of lactation and to describe objective tests once lactation is established. Reference limits have been calculated for maternal markers of secretory activation, including progesterone in maternal blood and total protein, lactose, sodium, and citrate in maternal milk. Objective measurements for established lactation, including 3-hourly pumping and 24-hour milk production, together with pre-feed to post-feed milk fat changes (a useful indicator of the available milk removed by the infant) have been outlined. Considered together with the parameters describing normal function, this information provides a preliminary objective framework for the assessment of human lactation.
Clinotator: analyzing ClinVar variation reports to prioritize reclassification efforts
Authors: Butler III Robert R. , Gejman Pablo V.
Published: June 2018

While ClinVar has become an indispensable resource for clinical variant interpretation, its sophisticated structure provides it with a daunting learning curve. Often the sheer depth of types of information provided can make it difficult to analyze variant information with high throughput. Clinotator is a fast and lightweight tool to extract important aspects of criteria-based clinical assertions; it uses that information to generate several metrics to assess the strength and consistency of the evidence supporting the variant clinical significance. Clinical assertions are weighted by significance type, age of submission and submitter expertise category to filter outdated or incomplete assertions that otherwise confound interpretation. This can be accomplished in batches: either lists of Variation IDs or dbSNP rsIDs, or with vcf files that are additionally annotated. Using sample sets ranging from 15,000–50,000 variants, we slice out problem variants in minutes without extensive computational effort (using only a personal computer) and corroborate recently reported trends of discordance hiding amongst the curated masses. With the rapidly growing body of variant evidence, most submitters and researchers have limited resources to devote to variant curation. Clinotator provides efficient, systematic prioritization of discordant variants in need of reclassification. The hope is that this tool can inform ClinVar curation and encourage submitters to keep their clinical assertions current by focusing their efforts. Additionally, researchers can utilize new metrics to analyze variants of interest in pursuit of new insights into pathogenicity.
A new paradigm for the scientific enterprise: nurturing the ecosystem
Authors: Lancaster Alexander K. , Thessen Anne E. , Virapongse Arika
Published: June 2018

The institutions of science are in a state of flux. Declining public funding for basic science, the increasingly corporatized administration of universities, increasing “adjunctification” of the professoriate and poor academic career prospects for postdoctoral scientists indicate a significant mismatch between the reality of the market economy and expectations in higher education for science. Solutions to these issues typically revolve around the idea of fixing the career "pipeline", which is envisioned as being a pathway from higher-education training to a coveted permanent position, and then up a career ladder until retirement. In this paper, we propose and describe the term “ecosystem” as a more appropriate way to conceptualize today’s scientific training and the professional landscape of the scientific enterprise. First, we highlight the issues around the concept of “fixing the pipeline”. Then, we articulate our ecosystem metaphor by describing a series of concrete design patterns that draw on peer-to-peer, decentralized, cooperative, and commons-based approaches for creating a new dynamic scientific enterprise.
The Cytoscape Automation app article collection
Authors: Demchak Barry , Otasek David , Pico Alexander R , Bader Gary D , Ono Keiichiro , Settle Brett , Sage Eric , Morris John H , Longabaugh William , Lopes Christian , Kucera Michael , Treister Adam , Schwikowski Benno , Molenaar Piet , Ideker Trey
Published: June 2018

Cytoscape is the premiere platform for interactive analysis, integration and visualization of network data. While Cytoscape itself delivers much basic functionality, it relies on community-written apps to deliver specialized functions and analyses. To date, Cytoscape’s CyREST feature has allowed researchers to write workflows that call basic Cytoscape functions, but provides no access to its high value app-based functions. With Cytoscape Automation, workflows can now call apps that have been upgraded to expose their functionality. This article collection is a resource to assist readers in quickly and economically leveraging such apps in reproducible workflows that scale independently to large data sets and production runs.
Adjunctive dexamethasone for the treatment of HIV-infected adults with tuberculous meningitis (ACT HIV): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Donovan Joseph , Phu Nguyen Hoan , Mai Nguyen Thi Hoang , Dung Le Tien , Imran Darma , Burhan Erlina , Ngoc Lam Hong Bao , Bang Nguyen Duc , Giang Do Chau , Ha Dang Thi Minh , Day Jeremy , Thao Le Thi Phuong , Thuong Nguyen TT , Vien Nguyen Nang , Geskus Ronald B. , Wolbers Marcel , Hamers Raph L , van Crevel Reinout , Nursaya Mugi , Maharani Kartika , Hien Tran Tinh , Baird Kevin , Lan Nguyen Huu , Kestelyn Evelyne , Chau Nguyen Van Vinh , Thwaites Guy E.
Published: June 2018

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis. Co-infection with HIV increases the risk of developing TBM, complicates treatment, and substantially worsens outcome. Whether corticosteroids confer a survival benefit in HIV-infected patients with TBM remains uncertain. Hepatitis is the most common drug-induced serious adverse event associated with anti-tuberculosis treatment, occurring in 20% of HIV-infected patients. The suggested concentration thresholds for stopping anti-tuberculosis drugs are not evidence-based. This study aims to determine whether dexamethasone is a safe and effective addition to the first 6-8 weeks of anti-tuberculosis treatment of TBM in patients with HIV, and investigate alternative management strategies in a subset of patients who develop drug induced liver injury (DILI) that will enable the safe continuation of rifampicin and isoniazid therapy. 

Methods: We will perform a parallel group, randomised (1:1), double blind, placebo-controlled multi-centre Phase III trial, comparing the effect of dexamethasone versus placebo on overall survival in HIV-infected patients with TBM, in addition to standard anti-tuberculosis and antiretroviral treatment. The trial will be set in two hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and two hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia. The trial will enrol 520 HIV-infected adults. An ancillary study will perform a randomised comparison of three DILI management strategies with the aim of demonstrating which strategy results in the least interruption in rifampicin and isoniazid treatment. An identical ancillary study will also be performed in the linked randomised controlled trial of dexamethasone in HIV-uninfected adults with TBM stratified by LTA4H genotype (LAST ACT). 

Discussion: Whether corticosteroids confer a survival benefit in HIV-infected patients remains uncertain, and the current evidence base for using corticosteroids in this context is limited. Interruptions in anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy is a risk factor for death from TBM. Alternative management strategies in DILI may allow the safe continuation of rifampicin and isoniazid therapy.
Reaching a consensus on research priorities for supporting women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases during pre-conception, pregnancy and early parenting: A Nominal Group Technique exercise with lay and professional stakeholders
Authors: Phillips Rhiannon , Williams Denitza , Bowen Daniel , Morris Delyth , Grant Aimee , Pell Bethan , Sanders Julia , Taylor Ann , Choy Ernest , Edwards Adrian
Published: June 2018

Background:Women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) find it difficult to get information and support with family planning, pregnancy, and early parenting. A systematic approach to prioritising research is required to accelerate development and evaluation of interventions to meet the complex needs of this population. 

Methods:A Nominal Group Technique (NGT) exercise was carried out with lay and professional stakeholders (n=29). Stakeholders were prepared for debate through presentation of available evidence. Stakeholders completed three tasks to develop, individually rank, and reach consensus on research priorities: Task 1 – mapping challenges and services using visual timelines; Task 2 - identifying research topics; Task 3 - individually ranking research topics in priority order. Results of the ranking exercise were fed back to the group for comment.  

Results:The main themes emerging from Task 1 were the need for provision of information, multi-disciplinary care, and social and peer support. In Task 2, 15 research topics and 58 sub-topics were identified around addressing the challenges and gaps in care identified during Task 1.  In Task 3, a consensus was reached on the ten research topics that should be given the highest priority. These were individually ranked, resulting in the following order of priorities (from 1 – highest to 10 – lowest): 1. Shared decision-making early in the care pathway; 2. Pre-conception counseling; 3. Information about medication use during pregnancy/breastfeeding; 4. Personalised care planning; 5. Support for partners/family members; 6. Information about local support/disease specific issues; 7. Shared decision-making across the care pathway; 8. Peer-support; 9. Social inequalities in care, and; 10. Guidance on holistic/alternative therapies.   

Conclusions:This systematic approach to identification of research priorities from a multi-disciplinary and lay perspective indicated that activities should focus on development and evaluation of interventions that increase patient involvement in clinical decision-making, multi-disciplinary models of care, and timely provision of information.
Innovations for Overcoming of Demographic Crisis in Russia. Part 2
Authors: Жданкин Николай , Zhdankin Nikolay
Published: June 2018

In the article the problem of demographic crisis in Russia is considered. It is shown that the problem very actual and exerts decisive impact on development of the country owing to an acute shortage of working hands. By means of innovative approaches analysis of a problem is made and her main reasons are established. Generation of ideas has shown the main directions of a solution, main of which consist in development of effective strategy of development of Russia directed to the solution of demographic problems, provision of housing for young and large families and toughening of fight against smoking, alcoholism and drug addiction.
Modern Approaches to the Classification of Competencyand Competence
Authors: Ульянина Ольга , Ul'yanina Ol'ga
Published: June 2018

The article analyzes the scientific views of researchers on the structure of competence and competence. The content of the structural components of the central concepts of the competence approach is revealed. The vision of scientists and practitioners on the classification of competence and competence is considered. The following key overprofessional competencies or basic skills are defined: value-semantic; political and social; general cultural; educational and cognitive; communicative; information. The groups of allocated competencies are systematized and approaches are described for their differentiation, which are certain models (methods) for identifying and evaluating competences: based on personal characteristics; on the procedural aspect of the implementation of activities; on the performance of functional and technological actions within a particular specialty or in a certain position; based on performance management.
Development and Introduction of Competence-Oriented Assignments in Subject Teaching in the Implementation of the Basic Vocational Education Program
Authors: Величко Анна , Velichko Anna , Денисенко Лариса , Denisenko Larisa
Published: June 2018

The experiment of the Novosibirsk region on development and application of the competence-based focused tasks in system of professional education is presented in article. Due to the need of an assessment of formation of the general and professional competences, today actual is a development of innovative estimated means. Use of the competence-based focused tasks in estimated procedures is proved by their distinctive signs. These are the activity tasks allowing to develop and estimate universal educational actions; demanding not reproduction, but application of the accumulated knowledge in practical activities for the solution of a specifi c educational problem.
El activismo de la sociedad civil por la educación inclusiva en el campo judicial. Un estudio de caso
Authors: Arcidiácono Pilar , Barrera Leticia
Published: June 2018

Alan Rodríguez es un joven con Síndrome de Down que al finalizar la escuela secundaria en una escuela común de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, y habiendo aprobado todas las materias, no recibió su título secundario. En su reemplazo, obtuvo un certificado no oficial de graduado que no acredita la “terminalidad” de sus estudios. Esta situación motivó que Alan y su familia promovieran una demanda judicial contra la escuela y el Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (GCBA) con el objeto de que se le hiciera entrega de su título oficial en igualdad de condiciones que a sus pares.Desde el análisis de esta causa en un contexto de activismo de la sociedad civil, el artículo aborda la educación inclusiva de las personas con discapacidad como un campo de tensiones y disputas entre diferentes actores sociales (sus prácticas, saberes, narrativas, y moralidades).  Estos conflictos ponen en entredicho el enfoque social inclusivo de la discapacidad que articulan tratados, normas constitucionales y algunas leyes nacionales, dando curso a prácticas que desarrollan la inclusión educativa en un marco de incertidumbre y ambigüedad.
Entre el avance y las barreras. Enfoques de igualdad de género en la política pública de mujeres rurales en Colombia
Authors: Parada Hernández María Mónica
Published: June 2018

En 2002 se promulgó la Ley de Mujeres Rurales en Colombia como resultado de las demandas de mujeres campesinas, indígenas y afrocolombianas por su reconocimiento como sujetos autónomos y su inclusión en los procesos de diseño e implementación de las políticas de desarrollo rural del país. Tras dieciséis años, el Estado colombiano se ha visto incapacitado, no solo para cumplir con las disposiciones de la ley, sino para abordar las desigualdades de género que afectan en particular a las mujeres rurales. La explicación que propongo es que, a pesar de que existe una preocupación por incorporar los temas de género en la agenda pública de desarrollo rural, el enfoque que ha prevalecido hasta el momento es el de la acción positiva que limita las discusiones sobre los sistemas y procesos que producen y reproducen las desigualdades de género.
A reflexão-ação como eixo da formação do professor: relato de experiência em uma faculdade bilíngue de pedagogia
Authors: Xavier Aline , Torres Maria Carmen Euller
Published: June 2018

Este artigo é um relato de experiência de duas professoras e de estudantes do Departamento de Ensino Superior do Instituto Nacional de Educação de Surdos (DESU/INES) realizada em 2015, por ocasião das disciplinas ministradas no 5º período do curso de pedagogia desta Instituição. As disciplinas “Textos e pretextos” e “Cognição, corporeidade e contexto” tinham como objetivo comum refletir sobre práticas cotidianas desenvolvidas com crianças surdas da Educação Infantil e primeiros anos do Ensino Fundamental, no que tange à leitura e formação do leitor e à importância do brincar para o desenvolvimento infantil. As disciplinas se propuseram a oportunizar aos estudantes a vivência e a reflexão da prática educacional, trabalhando com conhecimentos teórico-práticos. Partimos do princípio de que a ação e a reflexão compõem uma relação dialógica e dialética. Como proposta de avalição dos cursos, foi lançado aos estudantes o desafio de confeccionarem brinquedos, produtos literários e outros materiais pedagógicos voltados às crianças surdas e posterior atuação junto a elas no colégio de aplicação do próprio INES.  Queríamos, com isso, aproximar os estudantes do seu público–alvo e abrir um diálogo com educadores, coordenadores e crianças do Departamento de Ensino Básico do INES (DEBASI). O resultado deste projeto, além da sessão de contação de histórias e brincadeiras realizadas na sala de leitura do Setor de Ensino Fundamental 1 (SEF1), foi a compreensão de que o professor deve  se instrumentalizar para observar, questionar e redimensionar seu cotidiano por meio de um diálogo permanente entre a teoria e a prática.
Literatura Surda e Contemporaneidade: contribuições para o estudo da Visual Vernacular
Authors: Ramos Danielle Cristina Mendes Pereira , Abrahão Bruno
Published: June 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre aspectos específicos da categoria da literatura surda chamada Visual Vernacular. Nossa proposta é a de estudar as suas  especificidades e compreender os seus modos de organização estética. Além disso, intentamos pensá-la no âmbito de sua inserção no cenário cultural e artístico da contemporaneidade, pois acreditamos na necessidade de refletir sobre as manifestações literárias concernentes às expressões culturais surdas e às línguas de sinais em uma perspectiva ampla, que não a restrinja à mera leitura impressionista, mas que a considere dentro de um contexto pós-moderno de produção e de circulação cultural no qual ela ocupa um lugar, para além da dimensão solipsista. Para tanto, três conceitos contribuirão para o nosso esteio teórico: a noção de Contemporaneidade, a partir da proposta de Terry Smith (2013), que a percebe em uma dimensão plural, política e em construção; a percepção da inespecificidade da forma artística contemporânea, postulada por Florência Garramuño (2014), que nos ajudará a pensar sobre a experimentação estética pertinente à literatura surda, em sua dimensão tridimensional e performática; e a visão de hibridismo cultural proposta por Néstor Garcia Canclini (2006), que rechaça a possibilidade de pureza cultural e a contrapõe à  presença da labilidade das fronteiras culturais e do deslocamento dos bens simbólico na pós-modernidade.
Entrevista com Miriam Rangel Rodrigues e Luciane Rangel Rodrigues
Authors: Rodrigues Miriam Rangel , Rodrigues Luciane Rangel , Rodrigues Andréa
Published: June 2018

Entrevista com Miriam Rangel Rodrigues e Luciane Rangel Rodrigues, por Andréa Rodrigues
Inclusão de Crianças com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais: a Educação Infantil em foco
Authors: Pupo Larissa De Oliveira , Bezerra Giovani Ferreira
Published: June 2018

O artigo analisa a inclusão de crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais (NEE) nas instituições de Educação Infantil de um pequeno município do sul do Mato Grosso do Sul em 2016. Utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa, empregando-se, como procedimentos, as pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de campo, por meio de estudo de caso. Para coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação sistemática e não participante. Foram encontradas apenas quatro crianças com NEE incluídas, nenhuma delas com menos de 3 anos e a maioria com deficiência física. O atendimento educacional especializado fica condicionado ao laudo clínico. Defende-se o ensino colaborativo e a valorização da estimulação precoce como forma de viabilizar o amplo desenvolvimento dessas crianças.
UBUNTU: ACOLHIMENTO ANCESTRAL E INQUIETAÇÕES FEMINISTAS NEGRAS À EDUCAÇÃO DE BEBÊS E CRIANÇAS PEQUENAS EM CRECHES E PRÉ-ESCOLAS
Authors: Oriel Pereira Artur , Santiago Flavio , Lima Souza Ellen Gonzaga
Published: June 2018

O feminismo negro no Brasil vem conquistando espaços tanto no âmbito acadêmico quanto social, promovendo debates, releituras e autocríticas aos retrocessos no campo dos direitos sociais, ao mesmo tempo em que busca desarmar as estruturas eurocêntricas de representação do povo negro, descolonizando a iconografia pejorativa em torno da sua ancestralidade historicamente marcada pela sociedade racista, hetero-patriarcal, misógina e capitalista. Assim, este artigo procura discutir as infâncias e as relações raciais e de gênero no espaço da educação infantil, pressupondo que esse é um lugar de escuta, de diversas linguagens, bem como de valorização de saberes produzidos para além da colonialidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa construída na intersecção entre os aportes africanos e afro-brasileiros, pensamento feminista negro e a perspectiva ubuntu que tem como foco o coletivo, buscando a ampliação das nossas percepções a respeito da sororidade e da educação dos bebês e das crianças pequenas, com vistas à construção de uma pedagogia da infância descolonizadora.
O VISÍVEL E O INVISÍVEL NOS CADERNOS ESCOLARES DE UMA ALUNA DA TERCEIRA IDADE NA EJA
Authors: Dudeque Pianovski Vieira Alboni Marisa , Küster Eliane
Published: June 2018

O artigo analisa os cadernos escolares de uma aluna da terceira idade no contexto das práticas e pautas escolares, sociais e culturais, em uma classe de EJA - Educação de Jovens e Adultos, na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Curitiba, no período de 2003 a 2004. Considerando os cadernos escolares como fontes de pesquisa e a EJA como oportunidade de aprendizagem, procurou-se identificar seus diferentes usos e possíveis significados. A pesquisa, de caráter bibliográfico, documental e de campo, apoiou-se nos estudos de Chartier (1990), Oliveira (2008), Grinspun (2008), Viñao-Frago (2008) e Julia (2001). Como resultado, foi possível refletir sobre os cadernos escolares, sua utilização e o que representam no cotidiano da escola, como espaços próprios de expressão da individualidade da aluna.
MEMÓRIAS E NARRATIVAS DE IDOSOS: FORMAÇÃO CULTURAL E EXPERIÊNCIA SENSÍVEL NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Da Costa Rita de Cássia Fraga , Pillotto Silvia Sell Duarte , Da Silva Carla Clauber
Published: June 2018

ResumoO objetivo deste artigo é socializar impressões sobre formação cultural e experiências sensíveis em artesania na terceira idade em espaço não formal da educação. O foco central foi pensar sobre a relevância de práticas educativas pautadas nas construções identitárias e na sensibilidade. A investigação deu-se com um grupo de 11 idosos, entre 60 e 72 anos, integrantes de um Centro de Referência de Assistência Social. Na produção de dados revelou-se que práticas educativas impulsionadas pelas artesanias mobilizam a (res)significação de memórias e narrativas. Além disso, a pesquisa apontou que, ao acessar pela artesania as construções identitárias dos idosos, ocorreu a revitalização dos sentidos.
Sondas culturais como método para a criação de dados em pesquisas com crianças
Authors: De Medeiros Maciel Sílvia Fernanda
Published: June 2018

As sondas culturais são uma estratégia de criação de dados nascida na área do design, aqui apresentadas como uma estratégia metodológica inovadora e lúdica para a produção de dados de pesquisa qualitativa em psicologia com crianças. Com este estudo sobre processos de produção de sentidos na vida cotidiana de crianças, baseado em reflexões da psicologia cultural e em análises imagético-discursivas, fica demonstrado o quanto as sondas culturais se configuram como um método inovador e capaz de gerar dados consistentes e relevantes, tanto em pesquisas, como em práticas profissionais de psicólogos e educadores.
Reparar Miúdo, narrar Kékeré - Notas sobre nossa Fotoetnopoética com crianças de terreiros
Authors: Caputo Stela Guedes
Published: June 2018

"O terreiro é o mundo ficando mais bonito". Diz Mene Viana Cardoso, de 3 anos, do Ilê Axé Omi Laare Ìyá Sagbá, um terreiro de candomblé, em Santa Cruz da Serra, Duque de Caxias, na Baixada Fluminese. Os terreiros, entre eles, os terreiros de candomblé, preservaram e ressignificaram modos de vida trazidos do Continente Africano durante a escravização. Conhecimentos sofisticados que atravessaram o Atlântico e foram mantidos e reinventados nesses espaçostempo. Os Estudos com Crianças de Terreiros nascem de duas grandes negações, ou de dois grandes desprezos: o primeiro desprezo é herança hegemônica deixada pelo modo dominante com o qual a modernidade "via" os cotidianos, tidos como lugar de reprodução e saberes menores. O segundo grande desprezo é aquele que marca os estudos da infância nas Ciências Sociais negando a criança como sujeito de conhecimento e participação social, portanto silenciando-as. Em um caminho original, o Grupo de Pesquisa Kékeré (pequeno em yorubá) contraria essa dupla negação para inverter e afirmar que, justamente aquilo que é considerado menor (os cotidianos), e quem é considerado menor ainda (as crianças), são fundamentos vitais para compreender a sociedade em que vivemos, bem como desestabilizar suas lógicas coloniais profundas. A proposta desse artigo é apresentar algumas notas dos caminhos desses estudos. Palavras Chave: Criança. Infância. Pesquisa com os cotidoanos.  Estudos Com Crianças de Terreiro
Whatever the weather we play
Authors: Neville Sarah
Published: June 2018

There is one thing you can predict about a British summer, it is completely unpredictable! But as we know, with the right assortment of clothes, we go outside come rain or shine.
Summertime nature activities
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: June 2018

Being outside at this time of year has many benefits and offers a great many learning opportunities, from increasing biodiversity through to spotting a wide variety of bugs.
Latest developments
Authors: Leitch Neil
Published: June 2018

Send your letters, news stories or latest developments to: The Editor, Child Care, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, Herne Hill, London, SE24 0PB email: childcare@markallengroup.com
Time to enjoy your vegetables
Authors: Chalmers Debbie
Published: June 2018

Helping to grow, harvest, cook and eat their own vegetables contributes to healthy lifestyles for children, but vegetables can also provide many other opportunities for play and learning.