bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Living Speculative Pedagogies as Boundary-Crossing Dialogues
Authors: Hodgins B. Denise , Nelson Narda , Yazbeck Sherri-Lynn , Ke Xiaofeng , Turcotte Rosalind
Published: November 2020

This article shares the experience of expanding what was initiated at the SPARK conference as one example of engaging pedagogical development as an ongoing critically reflective boundary-crossing dialogue. It extends conversations in relation to a climate change inquiry project that explored thinking with trees by revisiting a concept integral to our inquiry—listening— in order to critically interrogate our pedagogical assumptions, actions, and aspirations. This approach to curriculum and pedagogy keeps the question “Now what?” continuously in the frame as a guide for living unfinished, uncertain, and speculative doings and dialogues in the classroom.
Early Childhood Educators’ Understandings of How Young Children Perform Gender During Unstructured Play
Authors: Reddington Sarah
Published: November 2020

This study explores Nova Scotia early childhood educators’ (ECEs’) understandings of how young children perform gender during unstructured play. This research reveals that ECEs view gender primarily through traditional gender stereotypes and often unknowingly construct heteronormative play spaces that then inform the ways in which children learn gender. However, the ECEs also recognize the requirement to disrupt normative gender processes and challenge children to think and act outside the gender binary. There is a need for early childhood educators to discuss more regularly their gender-inclusive practices and locate new pedagogical approaches to support diverse identity expressions.
Culturally Responsive Indigeneity of Relations
Authors: Huston Lori , Mason Elder Brenda , Loon Roxanne
Published: November 2020

This paper draws on the traditional sharing circle at the SPARK conference held at the University of British Columbia in 2019. The sharing circle was led by an Elder and two early childhood educators sharing knowledge from their perspectives and experiences of the Anishininiiwi Awaashishiiw Kihkinohamaakewi Niikaanihtamaakew Indigenous Early Childhood Education Leadership Program (IECELP). The sharing circle at SPARK was delivered in the Indigenous research method of a wildfire circle consistent with the summative research conducted across four First Nation child care centres to measure the impact of the IECELP. We propose alternative ways of transferring knowledge in Indigenous culturally responsive ways to be welcomed and encouraged in academia and in early childhood education.
Wrestling with “Will to Truth” in Early Childhood Education: Cracking Spaces for Multiplicity and Complexity Through Poetry
Authors: Wang Chenying
Published: November 2020

This article intends to provoke ongoing conversations in the early childhood education context about “will to truth,” which Glenda MacNaughton regards as the intent to know and determine the “normal” and “preferred” ways to think, act, and feel as early childhood educators. The pervading existence of will to truth amplifies concerns over fixed and determined ways to think and act as early childhood educators because “truth” and systems of power are closely linked to one another. To honour complexity and fluidity in thinking and acting as early childhood educators, the author argues for moving beyond will to truth and offers poetic practice as one possibility to reinvent habitual understandings.
Navigating Reconceptualist and Feminist Ethics of Care Scholarship to Find a Conceptual Space for Rethinking Children’s Needs in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Langford Rachel
Published: November 2020

The aim of this article is to navigate through differing perspectives on the concept of children’s needs in early childhood education. Reconceptualist scholars critique the developmental narrative of the needy and dependent child. In contrast, feminist ethics of care scholars regard having needs and dependencies as ontologically what it means to be human. The article proposes a potential in-between space that recognizes that children have needs and dependencies, as do all entities. At the same time, this recognition is complicated through entangled ideas about subjectivity, needs interpretation, relationality, ethics, and politics.
Pharmacy professionals’ preparedness to use Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) behaviors
Authors: Witry Matthew J. , Fadare Olajide , Pudlo Anthony
Published: November 2020

Background: There is a need to train healthcare professionals to provide first aid to people experiencing a mental health crisis. Research testing the association between Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training and the use of MHFA behaviors could provide evidence of program effectiveness in the pharmacy setting.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to measure the preparedness of pharmacy professionals to function in a MHFA role, and compare preparedness and the use of MHFA behaviors based on demographic characteristics.

Methods: Pharmacists and student pharmacists attended MHFA training under a multi-state pharmacy initiative in 2018. An anonymous electronic survey was administered to 227 participants using 4 contacts in May to June, 2019. The survey evaluated if participants had recommended MHFA to others, their preparedness to engage in MHFA behaviors (13 items), and their frequency of performing a set of MHFA behaviors (7 items). Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and ANOVA were used to describe the sample and compare these variables across groups.

Results: The analysis was based on 96 responses (42.3%). Almost all respondents (96%) had recommended MHFA training to others. Respondents reported that the training program prepared them to provide a range of MHFA behaviors for multiple mental health conditions, particularly for depression and anxiety. Participants most often reported asking about a distressed mood and listening non-judgmentally. Almost half of participants had asked someone if they were considering suicide and a similar percent had referred someone considering suicide to resources. Those reporting the highest levels of preparedness engaged in significantly more MHFA behaviors than those with lower levels of preparedness (p=0.017). Preparedness and use of MHFA behaviors were not significantly associated with respondent demographic characteristics.

Conclusion: These data suggest that pharmacy professionals who had MHFA training felt prepared to engage in MHFA and many used behaviors like asking about suicide and making referrals since being trained in MHFA. Research is warranted to better understand what makes someone feel maximally prepared to use MHFA behaviors compared to lower feelings of preparedness.
Cómo asegurar evaluaciones válidas y detectar falseamiento en pruebas a distancia síncronas
Authors: Rodríguez Morales Pilar , Luzardo Verde Mario
Published: November 2020

El pasaje de la enseñanza presencial a la modalidad a distancia, como medida para enfrentar el COVID-19, trajo como consecuencia la necesidad de la validación de los resultados de las pruebas tomadas en formato electrónico. Se considera que los estudiantes tienen mayor facilidad para cometer fraudes en pruebas realizadas a distancia. El objetivo del artículo es presentar el estudio del falseamiento como un aporte al análisis de la validez psicométrica de las pruebas. A través de una revisión bibliográfica se analiza el concepto de falseamiento y sus tipos. Se presentan los principales métodos para detectarlo, que pueden ser utilizados para asegurar la validez de los resultados en las pruebas síncronas, tipo opción múltiple. Se describen los usos, potencialidades y limitaciones de los métodos presentados. Por último, se plantean los principales desafíos por superar para la validación de los resultados de pruebas síncronas realizadas a distancia.
Principales aspectos metodológicos en el estudio del estrés laboral en personal universitario: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Rojas-Solís José Luis , Flores-Meza Guadalupe , Cuaya-Itzcoatl Irma Guadalupe
Published: November 2020

Introducción: El estudio del estrés laboral en el ámbito universitario no ha estado exento de dificultades conceptuales y metodológicas. Objetivo: analizar los principales aspectos metodológicos e instrumentales en estudios publicados entre 2010 y 2019, sobre estrés laboral en docentes, administrativos y personal de apoyo que trabaja en universidades latinoamericanas. Método: siguiendo lo sugerido por el modelo PRISMA, se consultaron las bases de datos: La Referencia, Dialnet, Scopus, EBSCO y Web of Science, obteniendo inicialmente 258 trabajos que dieron lugar a 6 estudios para su revisión final. Resultados: señalan que los estudios fueron cuantitativos, no experimentales y transversales, y con alcances descriptivos. Además, se detectó el uso de 15 instrumentos que principalmente evalúan estrés laboral y factores de riesgo laborales. Discusión: se resaltan niveles significativos de estrés laboral en las muestras incluidas, así como la necesidad de prevenir las causas y factores asociados al fenómeno.
La desnutrición crónica incrementa el riesgo de infecciones intrahospitalarias en pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras: Análisis de una cohorte en un instituto pediátrico de referencia nacional en Perú
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Mezones-Holguin Edward , Lazo Nuñez Marco , Candela-Herrera Jorge Luis
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Evaluar si existe asociación entre la desnutrición crónica y las infecciones intrahospitalarias controlado por variables demográficas y clínicas en pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras. Métodos: Llevamos a cabo un estudio observacional analítico de cohorte retrospectiva en niños menores de cinco años con quemaduras hospitalizados en un Hospital Pediátrico General en Perú. Los pacientes fueron seleccionados con muestreo aleatorio estratificado proporcional a cada año: 2012 a 2017. La variable de exposición fue la desnutrición crónica definido de acuerdo a la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), y la variable de respuesta fue la infección intrahospitalaria. Estimamos riesgo relativo e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%) mediante modelos lineales generalizados familia Poisson con errores estándar robustos en crudo (RR) y ajustado por criterio estadístico (RRa1) y criterio epidemiológico (RRa2). Resultados: Incluimos 170 pacientes, 35% fueron desnutridos crónicos y 22,3% desarrollaron infección intrahospitalaria. La frecuencia de infección intrahospitalaria fue 40% y 12,7%, en desnutridos crónicos y normonutridos, respectivamente. Evidenciamos asociación en modelo crudo [RR: 3,14 (IC95%: 1,75-5,61 p<0,001)], modelos ajustados por criterio estadístico [RRa1 2,88 (IC95%: 1,63-5,09 p<0,001)] y modelo ajustado epidemiológico [RRa2 3,19 (IC95%: 1,71-5,93 p<0,001)]. Conclusión: La desnutrición crónica se asocia con el incremento del riesgo de desarrollar infecciones intrahospitalarias en pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras independiente de las variables demográficas y clínicas medidas.
Pendugaan Bobot Karkas Sapi Bali Jantan dan Betina Berdasarkan Panjang Badan dan Lingkar Dada
Authors: Ananda Made Krisna , Sampurna Putu , Nindhia Tjokorda Sari
Published: November 2020

Bobot karkas adalah bobot ternak yang sudah disembelih, dikuliti, dan telah dipisahkan bagian kepala, jeroan, keempat kaki mulai dari persedian carpus atau tarsus ke bawah. Jumlah sampel yang diambil yaitu 20 sapi jantan dan 24 sapi betina. Panjang tubuh diukur dari bongkol bahu (tuberositas humeri) sampai ujung tulang duduk (tuber ischii) menggunakan roll meter dan untuk lingkar dada diukur dengan melingkarkan pita ukur pada bagian dada belakang bahu. Karkas yang sebelumnya sudah dikurangi bagian kepala, kulit, keempat kaki bagian bawah termasuk karpal dan tarsal, isi rongga dada, dan isi rongga perut dihitung beratnya menggunakan timbangan duduk. Data yang telah diperoleh dianalisis dengan independent t-test kemudian dianalisis dengan regression metode linear. Hasil pengukuran lingkar dada dan panjang tubuh pada sapi bali diketahui bahwa hasil rerataan lingkar dada sapi bali jantan yaitu 161,4 cm sedangkan pada sapi bali betina 157,2 cm, panjang tubuh sapi bali jantan yaitu 129,5 cm dan betina 116,6 cm, rerataan dari berat karkas pada sapi bali jantan yaitu 171,87 kg sedangkan pada sapi bali betina 115,43 kg. Hasil analisis regresi diperoleh persamaan regresi pada sapi bali jantan Y=0,0005 D2P dengan koefisien korelasi (R)=0,991 sedangkan betina Y=0,0004 D2P dengan koefisien korelasi (R)=0,994. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa panjang tubuh, lingkar dada, dan berat karkas mempunyai keeratan karena mendekati angka 1. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regression metode linear diketahui laju perubahan berat karkas pada sapi bali jantan lebih tinggi daripada sapi bali betina sehingga sapi bali jantan lebih ekonomis untuk dipotong karena memiliki persentase berat karkas lebih tinggi daripada sapi bali betina.
Menentukan Umur Kucing Jantan dengan Menghitung Jumlah Tulang Carpal Menggunakan Teknik Radiografi
Authors: Maghfira Aulia , Kuntara Atta , Rahmiati Dwi Utari
Published: November 2020

Umur hewan adalah salah satu bagian penting dalam pengambilan data pasien. Memperkirakan umur seseorang pada manusia dilakukan dengan metode umur tulang (bone age) dengan cara menghitung tulang carpal menggunakan teknik radiografi. Metode umur tulang yang digunakan untuk memperkirakan umur pada manusia kemudian dilakukan pada kucing untuk melihat perubahan tulang carpal pada kucing dengan umur yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan data radiografi pada kucing jantan dengan umur 11 hari (new born), empat bulan, enam bulan, dan lebih dari satu tahun. Seluruh sampel kucing diidentifikasi jumlah tulang carpal berdasarkan anatomi lengkap tulang carpal yang berjumlah delapan tulang melalui gambaran radiografi. Osifikasi tulang dimulai pada umur tiga sampai delapan minggu sehingga pada sampel kucing berumur 11 hari pertumbuhan tulang carpal belum terlihat, sementara pada kucing dengan umur empat bulan, enam bulan dan lebih dari satu tahun memiliki tulang carpal lengkap delapan tulang.
Morfometri Organ Testis dan Epididimis Kerbau Lumpur (Bubalus bubalis) Asal Pulau Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Wardana Raden Roro Allamanda Ardia , Susari Ni Nyoman Werdi , Heryani Luh Gde Sri Surya
Published: November 2020

Pentingnya peranan kerbau lumpur di Nusa Tenggara Barat menyebabkan keberadaan kerbau lumpur harus ditingkatkan melalui program inseminasi buatan. Organ testis dan epididimis memiliki peranan penting dalam memproduksi spermatozoa yang membantu proses fertilisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui morfometri organ testis dan epididimis kerbau lumpur. Penelitian ini menggunakan lima sampel organ testis dan epididimis kerbau lumpur asal Pulau Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Organ testis diukur panjang, lingkar, bobot, dan volume sedangkan epididimis diukur panjang dan lingkar. Panjang dan lingkar organ diukur dengan pita ukur (cm), bobot organ ditimbang dengan timbangan digital (g), dan volume organ diukur dengan gelas ukur (cm3). Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil pengukuran testis kiri dan kanan meliputi panjang, lingkar, bobot, dan volume secara berturut-turut yaitu 10,06±3,93 cm; 9,89±4,04 cm; 8,07±1,23 cm; 7,88±1,43 cm; 67,4±8,14 g; 67,19±7,94 g; dan 61±11,4 cm3; 58,4±10,52 cm3 sedangkan panjang dan lingkar organ epididimis kiri dan kanan berturut-turut yaitu 13,29±4,17 cm; 13,21±4,21 cm; 3,30±0,53 cm; dan 3,11±0,50 cm. Ukuran rata-rata morfometri organ testis dan epididimis kerbau lumpur baik kiri maupun kanan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan.
Hasil Pemantauan Pascavaksinasi Flu Burung pada Peternakan Itik di Desa Takmung, Kabupaten Klungkung, Bali
Authors: Suriana Ni Komang Valerie , Suardana Ida Bagus Kade , Nindhia Tjokorda Sari
Published: November 2020

Flu burung atau Avian Influenza (AI) merupakan penyakit virus menular strategis yang bersifat endemis di Indonesia. Virus AI dapat menyerang berbagai jenis unggas peliharaan termasuk kalkun, ayam, burung puyuh, angsa dan itik. Unggas air seperti itik merupakan reservoir semua subtipe H dan N virus Avian Influenza. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memantau hasil titer antibodi pascavaksinasi pada itik petelur dengan vaksin AI-H5N1 inaktif. Peternak melakukan vaksinasi pada umur 12 hari dan pengambilan darah dilakukan pada minggu petama, minggu kedua dan minggu ketiga pascavaksinasi. Sampel serum diambil sebanyak 20 dan di uji dengan uji serologis hambatan hemaglutinasi (HI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase seropositif pada minggu pertama 0%, minggu kedua 5%, dan minggu ketiga 10%. Periode pengambilan serum tidak berbeda nyata terhadap peningkatan titer antibodi. Sehingga belum mampu menimbulkan kekebalan terhadap AI-H5N1.
Pemberian Jamu Daun Ashitaba pada Ayam Kampung Tidak Memengaruhi Respons Antibodi terhadap Flu Burung Subtipe H5N1
Authors: Pradnyandika I Putu Krisna Ardhia , Sudira I Wayan , Suardana Ida Bagus Kade
Published: November 2020

Flu burung (Avian Influenza) atau AI merupakan penyakit zoonosis berbahaya dengan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi. Pencegahan penyakit flu burung dilakukan dengan cara melakukan vaksinasi. Permasalahan di lapangan, tidak semua vaksin dapat menghasilkan titer antibodi yang tinggi akibat berbagai faktor. Salah satu upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut adalah pemberian bahan yang mampu merangsang sistem imun (imunostimulator). Bahan alami yang mempunyai sifat sebagai imunostimulator adalah chalcone yang banyak terkandung pada tanaman ashitaba (Angelica keiskei). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemberian jamu daun ashitaba untuk meningkatkan titer antibodi pada ayam kampung pascavaksinasi flu burung. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor ayam kampung yang dibagi menjadi lima perlakuan yang terdiri dari: P0 (kontrol), P1 (50 mg/ekor/hari), P2 (100 mg/ekor/hari), P3 (200 mg/ekor/hari) dan P4 (400 mg/ekor/hari). Pemberian jamu daun ashitaba dilakukan satu kali sehari selama dua minggu. Pada hari ke-21 dilakukan vaksinasi dengan vaksin flu burung subtipe H5N1. Minggu ke-1, ke-2 dan ke-3 pascavaksinasi dilakukan pengambilan darah. Pemeriksaan titer antibodi flu burung dilakukan dengan uji serologi Haemaglutination Inhibition (HI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rataan titer antibodi setiap perlakuan yaitu 2,4 HI log 2; 2,6 HI log 2; 3,8 HI log 2; 3,4 HI log 2; dan 1,8 HI log 2 yang artinya pemberian jamu daun ashitaba tidak dapat meningkatkan titer antibodi, sedangkan waktu pengambilan darah berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap peningkatan titer antibodi pada minggu ketiga pascavaksinasi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian jamu daun ashitaba pada ayam kampung tidak meningkatkan titer antibodi flu burung subtipe H5N1.
Prevalensi Sampah Plastik dalam Rumen Serta Kadar Zat Besi Darah Sapi Bali yang Dipotong di Rumah Potong Hewan Tradisional
Authors: Febrianty Ni Made Dhea , Berata I Ketut , Winaya Ida Bagus Oka
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi sampah plastik dalam rumen dan kadar zat besi (Fe) dalam darah sapi bali yang dipotong di tempat pemotongan hewan tradisional. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 ekor sapi bali yang berasal dari berbagai daerah di Bali dan sampel pengukuran kadar Fe dalam darah sapi yakni sebanyak 10 ekor sapi bali yang rumennya mengandung dan tidak mengandung sampah plastik yang dipotong di Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) Tradisional Desa Darmasaba. Penentuan prevalensi sampah plastik dalam rumen didasarkan pada hasil pemeriksaan ada dan tidaknya sampah plastik yang diamati pada rumen sapi sedangkan untuk pemeriksaan kadar Fe dalam darah menggunakan teknik AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometric) di Laboratorium Analitik Universitas Udayana. Hasil pemeriksaan terhadap 100 sampel ekor sapi ditemukan prevalensi sampah plastik pada rumen yakni sebesar 10%. Data hasil pengukuran kadar Fe pada 10 ekor sapi bali diperoleh rerata yaitu 2,40 mg/L sedangkan rerata kadar Fe darah pada 10 ekor sapi yang rumennya tidak mengandung sampah plastik yaitu 24,72 mg/L. Rendahnya kadar Fe dalam darah dapat mengakibatkan gangguan eritropoesis yang menyebabkan anemia. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa prevalensi sampah plastik dalam rumen sapi bali yang dipotong di tempat pemotongan hewan tradisional adalah rendah dan adanya sampah plastik dalam rumen dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kadar Fe dalam darah.
Morfometri Usus Besar Kerbau Lumpur (Bubalus bubalis) di Pulau Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Yudeska Citra , Susari Ni Nyoman Werdi , Heryani Luh Gde Sri Surya
Published: November 2020

Kerbau lumpur (Bubalus bubalis) merupakan salah satu jenis ternak yang cukup potensial dikembangkan di Pulau Lombok dengan iklim tropis berlahan kering karena kemampuan adaptasinya yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui morfometri usus besar kerbau lumpur di Pulau Lombok, sebagai informasi, pedoman dan acuan untuk penelitian selanjutnya. Metode penelitian dengan penentuan sampel secara acak sederhana. Organ usus besar dipisahkan dan disusun agar memudahkan penentuan batas dari bagian usus. Pengukuran morfometri berupa panjang dan lebar menggunakan pita ukur dengan satuan centimeter (cm) dan pengukuran berat organ dengan timbangan menggunakan satuan kilogram (kg). Sampel yang digunakan adalah lima organ usus besar dari kerbau lumpur dengan kisaran umur 2 hingga 4 tahun di Kecamatan Praya Tengah, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Hasil penelitian panjang usus besar kerbau lumpur Lombok adalah ±550,4 cm dan berat bersih usus besar adalah ±1,26 kg. Rata-rata panjang per bagian usus besar berupa; sekum 106,4 cm, kolon 289,4 cm, dan rektum 154,6 cm. Bagian usus besar kerbau lumpur Lombok paling panjang adalah kolon, kemudian rektum dan sekum. Lebar pada tiap bagian bervariasi; lebar sekum 8,82 cm, kolon 4,42 cm, dan rektum 4,36 cm. Bagian usus paling lebar adalah sekum. Usus besar memiliki ukuran yang bervariasi dengan koefisien keragaman antara 5,4-15,04%. Koefisien keragaman panjang usus besar lebih besar dibandingkan dengan nilai koefisien keragaman lebar yang berarti ukuran panjang usus besar lebih bervariasi.
ORF3a mediated-incomplete autophagy facilitates SARS-CoV-2 replication
Authors: Qu Yafei , Wang Xin , Zhu Yunkai , Wang Yuyan , Yang Xing , Hu Gaowei , Liu Chengrong , Li Jingjiao , Ren Shanhui , Xiao Zixuan , Liu Zhenshan , Wang Weili , Li Ping , Zhang Rong , Liang Qiming
Published: November 2020

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent for the COVID-19 pandemic and there is an urgent need to understand the cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Beclin-1 is an essential scaffold autophagy protein that forms two distinct subcomplexes with modulators Atg14 and UVRAG, responsible for autophagosome formation and maturation, respectively. In the present study, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers an incomplete autophagy response, elevated autophagosome formation but impaired autophagosome maturation, and declined autophagy by genetic knockout of essential autophagic genes reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication efficiency. By screening 28 viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2, we demonstrated that expression of ORF3a alone is sufficient to induce incomplete autophagy. Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a interacts with autophagy regulator UVRAG to facilitate Beclin-1-Vps34-Atg14 complex but selectively inhibit Beclin-1-Vps34-UVRAG complex. Interestingly, although SARS-CoV ORF3a shares 72.7% amino acid identity with the SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a, the former had no effect on cellular autophagy response. Thus, our findings provide the mechanistic evidence of possible takeover of host autophagy machinery by ORF3a to facilitate SARS-CoV-2 replication and raises the possibility of targeting the autophagic pathway for the treatment of COVID-19.
Viscosity-sensitive emission of anionic hydrogen-bonded urea-derivative–acetate-ion complexes and their aggregation-induced emission enhancement
Authors: Takahashi Masaki , Ito Nozomu , Ninagawa Hayato , Yazaki Kohei , Sei Yoshihisa , Obata Makoto
Published: November 2020

Anions often quench fluorescence (FL). However, strong ionic hydrogen bonding between fluorescent dyes and anion molecules has the potential to control the electronic state of FL dyes, creating new functions via non-covalent interactions. Here, we propose a novel approach, utilising ionic hydrogen bonding between urea groups and anions, to control the electronic states of fluorophores and develop an aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) system. The AIEE ionic hydrogen-bonded complex (IHBC) formed between 1,8-diphenylnaphthalene (p-2urea), with aryl urea groups at the para-positions on the peri-phenyl rings, and acetate ions exhibits a remarkably high sensitivity to fluid viscosity compared with most conventional viscosity-sensitive dyes, and the FL quantum yield (QY) in ion-pair assemblies of the IHBC and tetrabutylammonium cations is more than five times higher than that of the IHBC in solution. Our versatile and simple approach for the design of AIEE dye facilitates the future development of viscosity probes and solid-state emitting materials.
Electrically driven mid-submicron pixelation of InGaN micro-LED displays for AR glasses
Authors: Park Jinjoo , Choi Jun Hee , Kong Kiho , Han Joo Hun , Park Jung Hun , Kim Nakhyun , Lee Eunsung , Kim Dongho , Kim Joosung , Chung Deuk Seok , Kim Miyoung , Yoon Euijoon , Shin Jaikwang , Hwang Sungwoo
Published: November 2020

InGaN-based blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs), with their high efficiency and brightness, are entering the display industry. However, a significant gap remains between the expectation of highly efficient light sources and their experimental realization into tiny pixels for ultrahigh-density displays for augmented reality (AR).Herein, we report using tailored ion implantation (TIIP) to fabricate highly-efficient, electrically-driven pixelated InGaN microLEDs (µLEDs) at the mid-submicron scale (line/space of 0.5/0.5 µm), corresponding to 8500ppi (RGB). Creating a laterally confined nonradiative region around each pixel with controlled amount of mobile vacancies, TIIP pixelation materializes relatively invariant luminance, and high pixel distinctiveness, at submicron-sized pixels. Moreover, with incomparable integration capability of TIIP pixelation owing to its planar geometry, we demonstrate 2000 ppi µLED displays with monolithically integrated thin-film transistor pixel circuits, and 5000 ppi compatible core technologies. We expect that the demonstrated method will pave the way toward high-performance µLED displays for seamless AR glasses in the near future.
Hypothalamic circuits for mechanically-evoked defensive attack
Authors: Cao Peng , Xie Zhiyong , Gu Huating , Shang Congping , Cheng Xinyu , Huang Meizhu , Li Dapeng , Tao Ting , Xie Yuan , Zhao Jidong , Lu Wei , Zhang Zhibing , Tang Zongxiang , Zhan Cheng , Zhang Fan
Published: November 2020

The innate defensive behaviors triggered by environmental threats play a critical role in animal survival. Among these behaviors, defensive attack physically toward threatening target (e.g. predator) is the last line of defense to struggle for survival. How the brain transforms threat-relevant sensory information into the action of defensive attack remains poorly understood. We found that noxious mechanical force in an inescapable context was a key stimulus to trigger defensive attack in laboratory mice. The mechanically-evoked defensive attack was abrogated by photoinhibition of vGAT+ neurons in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN). The AHN vGAT+ neurons encoded the intensity of mechanical force and were innervated by brain areas related to pain and attack. Activation of these neurons triggered biting attack toward predator, while suppressing other ongoing behaviors. The efferent pathway from AHN vGAT+ neurons to the periaqueductal gray was both sufficient and necessary for mechanically-evoked defensive attack. Together, these data revealed a GABAergic brain circuit engaged in converting noxious mechanical stimuli to neural signals that provoke defensive attack in mice.
WITHDRAWN: Mitochondrial accumulation induced axon dysfunction promotes paranode instability and demyelination in hypoxic-ischemic forms of demyelination
Authors: Cui Mei , Feng Yiwei , Guo Min , Zhao Hongchen , Han Sida , Zhao Yanxing , Dong Qiang
Published: November 2020

Hypoxic-ischemic forms of demyelination, caused by chronic or acute reduction of blood flow in subcortical white matter, is increasingly considered as an important contributor to cognitive decline. However, it remains unclear how hypoxia/ischemia leads to demyelination pathology and no effective drugs clinically. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between axon injuries and demyelination as well as the mechanism in the development of hypoxic-ischemic forms of demyelination. Bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mouse model of whole-brain hypoperfusion was used to observe the pathological changes of hypoperfusion-induced demyelination in vivo, and low glucose-low oxygen (LGLO) treatment in cerebellum slice cultures was used to uncover molecular machinery in vitro. We found that mitochondria were excessively accumulated among axons after BCAS/LGLO, which impaired the retrograde transport of mitochondria for mitophagy and anterograde transport for metabolic supply. This axonal insult occurred prior to demyelination and promoted the progression of demyelination through impairing the paranode stability by mitochondrial ROS. Syntaphilin (SNPH), an axonal specific arching protein of mitochondria, was elevated after hypoperfusion and was responsible for the accumulation of mitochondria. Knockdown of SNPH promoted retrograde transport of mitochondria to alleviate ROS load among axons and enhanced anterograde transport of mito-chondria for synapse signalling, mitigated demyelination and retrieved cognitive function. Our results uncovered a distinctive pathological characteristic of hypoperfusion-induced demye-lination and clarified SNPH as a promising target in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic forms of demyelination.
ILF3 Mediated BMP2 and STAT1 Transcription Is Responsible for Hyperlipidemia-Induced Arteriosclerotic Calcification
Authors: Xie Fei , Wang Zhao-yang , Liu Bin , Qiao Wen , Li Na , Cheng Jie , Hou Ya-min , Dong Xin-ying , Chen Yuguo , Zhang Ming-xiang
Published: November 2020

Calcification is common in atherosclerotic plaque and can induce vulnerability, which further leads to myocardial infarction, plaque rupture and stroke. The mechanisms of atherosclerotic calcification are poorly characterized. Interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) has been identified as a novel factor affecting dyslipidemia and stroke subtypes. However, the precise role of ILF3 in atherosclerotic calcification remains unclear. Here we showed that ILF3 expression is increased in calcified human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) and calcified atherosclerotic plaque in humans and mice. We then found that hyperlipidemia increases ILF3 expression and exacerbates calcification of VSMCs and macrophages by regulating bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) transcription. We further explored the molecular mechanisms of ILF3 in atherosclerotic calcification and revealed that ILF3 acts on the promoter regions of BMP2 and STAT1 and mediates BMP2 upregulation and STAT1 downregulation, which promotes atherosclerotic calcification. Our results demonstrate the effect of ILF3 in atherosclerotic calcification. Inhibition of ILF3 may be a useful therapy for preventing and even reversing atherosclerotic calcification.
Quantifying nitrogen fixation by heterotrophic bacteria in sinking marine particles
Authors: Chakraborty Subhendu , Andersen Ken , Visser Andre , Inomura Keisuke , Follows Michael J. , Riemann Lasse
Published: November 2020

Nitrogen (N2) fixation by heterotrophic bacteria associated with sinking particles contributes to marine N cycling, but a mechanistic understanding of its regulation and significance are not available. Here we develop a mathematical model for unicellular heterotrophic bacteria growing on sinking marine particles and can fix N2 under suitable environmental conditions. We find that the interactive effects of polysaccharide and polypeptide concentrations, sinking speed of particles, and surrounding O2 and NO3- concentrations determine the N2 fixation rate inside particles. N2 fixation inside sinking particles is mainly fueled by SO42- respiration rather than NO3- respiration. Our model suggests that anaerobic processes, including heterotrophic N2 fixation, can take place in anoxic microenvironments inside sinking particles even in fully oxygenated marine waters. The modelled rates are similar to bulk rates measured in the aphotic ocean, and our study consequently suggests that particle-associated heterotrophic N2 fixation contributes significantly to oceanic N2 fixation.
Understanding and exploiting the fatty acid desaturation system in Rhodotorula toruloides
Authors: Liu Yanbin , Koh Chong Mei John , Yap Sihui Amy , Cai Lin , Ji Lianghui
Published: November 2020

Background Rhodotorula toruloides is a robust producer of triacylglycerol owing to its fast growth rate and strong metabolic flux under conditions of high cell density fermentation. However, the molecular basis of fatty acid biosynthesis, desaturation and regulation remain elusive.Results We present the molecular characterization of four fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes in R. toruloides. Biosynthesis of oleic acid (OA) and palmitoleic acid (POA) was conferred by a single-copy ∆9 Fad (Ole1) as targeted deletion of which abolished the biosynthesis of all unsaturated fatty acids. Conversion of OA to linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) was predominantly catalyzed by the bifunctional ∆12/∆15 Fad2. FAD4 was found to encode a trifunctional ∆9/∆12/∆15 FAD, playing important roles in lipid and biomass production as well as stress resistance. Furthermore, an abundantly transcribed OLE1-related gene, OLE2 encoding a 149-aa protein, was shown to regulate Ole1 regioselectivity. Like other fungi, the transcription of FAD genes was controlled by nitrogen levels and fatty acids in the medium. A conserved DNA motif, (T/C)(G/A)TTGCAGA(T/C)CCCAG, was demonstrated to mediate the transcription of OLE1 by POA/OA. The applications of these FAD genes were illustrated by engineering high level production of OA and g-linolenic acid (GLA). Conclusion Our work has gained novel insights on the transcriptional regulation of FAD genes, evolution of FAD enzymes and their roles in UFA biosynthesis, membrane stress resistance and, cell mass and total fatty acid production. Our findings should illuminate fatty acid metabolic engineering in R. toruloides and beyond.
Impact of Tobacco Smoking Status on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 Pneumonia: Observational study
Authors: Romero Gustavo Fernandez , Dominguez-Castillo Eduardo , Zheng Matthew , Yousef Ibraheem , Darnell Melinda , Ganghemi Andrew , Dorey-Stein Zack , Zantah Massa , Townsend Ryan , Myers Catherine , Ku Tse-Shuen , Patel Maulin , Patlakh Nicole , Jacobs Michael , Zhao Huaqing , Gupta Rohit , Rali Parth , Criner Gerard
Published: November 2020

Background: Determine the impact of tobacco smoking status on patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia in the need for ICU care, mechanical ventilation and mortality. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study, that involved chart review. All adults 18 years or older with a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized from March 15th, 2020 to May 06th, 2020 with a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19. We used chi-squared test for categorical variables and student t-tests or Wilcoxon rank sum tests for continuous variables. We further used adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression to assess risk factors for mortality and intubation.Results: Among 577 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia, 268 (46.4%) had a history of smoking including 187 former and 81 active smokers. The former smokers when compared with non-smokers were predominantly older with more comorbidities. Also, when compared with never smokers D Dimer levels were elevated in active (p=0.05) and former smokers (p<0.01). The former smokers versus non-smokers required increased need for advanced non-invasive respiratory support on admission (p<0.05), ICU care (p<0.05) and had higher mortality [1.99 (CI 95% 1.03-3.85, p<0.05)]. Active smokers versus non-smokers received more mechanical ventilation [OR 2.11 (CI 95% 1.06-4.19, p<0.05)].Conclusions: In our cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, former smokers had higher need for non-invasive respiratory support on admission, ICU care, and mortality compared to non-smokers. Also, active smokers versus non-smokers needed more mechanical ventilation.
Under nutrition and Associated Factors Among Adult People Attending Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Health Facilities of Bench Maji Zone, South West Ethiopia, 2018.
Authors: Regassa Tilahun MEkonnen , Gudeta Tesfaye Abera
Published: November 2020

Background- Nutritional issues are common in HIV disease. At some point, almost everyone living with HIV will face challenges in maintaining good nutrition. This study aimed to assess under nutrition and associated factors among Adult Clients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Health Facilities of Bench Maji Zone, South West Ethiopia,2018.Methods- Facility based cross sectional study design was employed from May 01 – June 30/2018. Sample size was 1007 and the participants were selected by using consecutive sampling technique from selected health facilities. Data was entered in to Epi Data Statistical software version 3.1 and analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated to under nutrition in adults attending ART. Odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were used to examine associations between dependent & independent variables. Result: The magnitude of under- nutrition among peoples on ART in this study was 154 (16.0%). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, factors contributing to under nutrition were identified; Age [AOR 2.4, 95% CI (1.1-5.4)], marital status[AOR 2.2, 95% CI (1.3-3.7)], occupational status[AOR 0.4,95% (0.2-0.9)], developing GI symptoms [AOR 2.6, 95% CI (1.5-4.5)] and WHO clinical stage [AOR 3.1, 95% CI (1.4-6.8)] were found to have statistically significant association with among peoples on ART.Conclusion: Significant numbers of peoples on ART drugs in the study area were under nutrition. Age, marital status, occupational status, WHO clinical stage of disease and developing gastro intestinal symptoms were identified factors of under nutrition among adult people on ART. The health care workers and experts work on the ART clinic should focuses on patient counseling about early prevention, detection and treatment of opportunistic infections, and early health seeking behaviors before AIDs stage.
Finite element analysis of different locking-plate fixation methods for the treatment of ulna head fracture
Authors: Zhang Yue , Shao Qin , Yang Chensong , Ai Changqing , Zhou Di , Yu Yang , Sun Guixin
Published: November 2020

Background: Ulnar head fractures are increasingly higher with the growing proportion of the elderly in the population. Failure to achieve stable anatomic reduction of ulna head fracture may lead to the DRUJ dysfunction and nonunion of distal radius. Due to the lack of the postoperative reporting outcomes and the biomechanical studies, it has not been well established about the optimal management of the comminuted distal ulna head fracture. This study aimed to explain the advantages and disadvantages of the ulnar-side locking plate fixation, compared with the dorsal-side one, and its screws arrangement in the treatment of the ulnar head fracture by using finite element analysis. Methods: FE models of the ulnar head fracture and the models of ulnar-side locking plate and dorsal-side plate with two or three distal screws was constructed. In order to simulate forces acting on the ulnar and the osteosynthesis material during daily-life activity in subjects who underwent reconstructive surgery, we applied three loading conditions to each model, viz. axial compression 20N, 50N, and torsion moments 1Nm. Under these conditions, values of the von Mises Stress (VMS) distribution of the implant, peak VMS, and model displacement were investigated. Results: Both the stress values and model displacement of ulnar-side plate were lower than those of dorsal-side plate. When adding a screw in the middle hole of the ulnar head, the values of model displacement and the peak stress in fixation system are lower, but it may evidently concentrate the stress on the middle screw. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study indicated that plating locking plate on ulnar side had lower stress distribution on the plate and better stability than on dorsal side in ulnar head fracture fixation. Adding the additional screw on the ulnar head could reduce the displacement of the fixation system and increase the stability of the fixation system. This study requires clinical confirmation as to its practicality in the treatment of ulnar head fracture.
Understanding Motivations behind Medical Student Involvement in COVID-19 Pandemic Relief Efforts
Authors: Bellomo Tiffany Rose , Prasad Sanjana , Cartwright Julia , Bhaumik Deesha , Zhang Yibing , Azzouz Lyna , Vercler Christian
Published: November 2020

Background: Although students were removed from patient-facing settings at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic due to concerns of burdening teaching physicians and depleting personal protective equipment, some leaders suggest students can be effectively utilized when personnel resources may be scarce. There have been narrative discussions surrounding medical student involvement, but no studies exploring the attitudes of these students. The authors aim to quantify the degree to which factors influenced a medical student’s decision to or to not volunteer during the pandemic and to characterize medical students’ attitudes towards medical professionals’ duty to serve in a pandemic.Methods: The authors developed and tested a secure web-based survey before distribution to students at 23 different US allopathic medical schools that did not graduate medical students early to aid in pandemic efforts between April and June 2020. Of the 599 students who completed the survey, 65.5% self-identified as female and were on average 25.94 years old (SD = 2.5). Descriptive statistics were calculated with a Chi-Squared test for categorical variables and a one-way ANOVA for continuous variables in R version 3.62.Results: 67.6% of students volunteered in pandemic relief activities and a majority of those students volunteered in non-patient-facing roles. Community service, new skills, and time commitment were top 3 influencing factors for students who volunteered, while risk to other, time commitment, and risk to self were top 3 influencing factors for students who chose not to volunteer. Compared to other specialties, students interested in primary care specialties agreed to a greater degree that physicians have a duty to serve in pandemic relief efforts.Conclusions: Medical students who volunteered cited self-serving factors and altruistic values as significant motivators. Students who did not volunteer were significantly more concerned with risks of COVID-19 exposure. However, medical students in general agreed that students should be allowed to volunteer in COVID-19 related relief efforts. As large areas of the United States continue to experience increases in COVID-19 cases, institutions should involve medical students in balancing the level of acceptable risk with the educational benefits.
Zinc Complex Based Multifunctional Reactive Lithium Polysulfide Trapper Approaching Its Theoretical Efficiency
Authors: Ma Zhong , Zuo Zhijun , Li Yuning
Published: November 2020

The “shuttle effect” of soluble lithium polysulfides (LPS), which causes rapid capacity fading, remains a lingering issue for lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, we report a new type of reactive molecule-based (or molecular) LPS trapper, zinc acetate-diethanolamine (Zn(OAc)2·DEA), which demonstrated a molecular efficiency of 1.8 for LPS trapping, approaching its theoretical limit of 2. This is the highest trapping capability among all reported LPS trappers. During discharge the trapped polysulfides are much more thermodynamically favored for reduction compared to the non-trapped ones, while during charge the complex Zn(SLi)2·DEA formed in the previous discharging process can be more easily oxidized due to its lower energy barrier in comparison to Li2S, indicating the catalytic effects of Zn2+·DEA on the redox of sulfur species. Zn(OAc)2·DEA is also an excellent binder owing to its multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds. LSBs using Zn(OAc)2·DEA as a LPS trapper, a binder, and a redox catalyst exhibited excellent long-term cycling stability (with a capacity retention of 85% after 1000 cycles at a rate of 0.5 C) and enhanced rate performance. The work demonstrated the potential of this novel type of multifunctional metal complex-based reactive molecular LPS trappers for high capacity and stable LSBs.
Development of fluorescence/MR dual-modal manganese-nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets as an efficient contrast agent for targeted ovarian carcinoma imaging
Authors: Han Cuiping
Published: November 2020

Background: Development of sensitive and specific imaging approaches for the detection of ovarian cancer holds great promise for improving the therapeutic efficacy and the lifespan of the patients. Results: In this study, manganese-nitrogen doped carbon nanosheets (Mn-N-CNSs) coupled with Anti-HE4 monoclonal antibody (Mn-N-CNSs@Anti-HE4) were synthesized for the specific and targeted fluorescence/MR dual-modal imaging of ovarian carcinoma. The prepared Mn-N-CNSs revealed excellent aqueous dispersity, good colloidal stability, great optical properties and high longtudinal relaxivity rate (r1 =10.30 mM-1s-1). Encouraged by the tunable photoluminiscence of the nanoprobe and Anti-HE4 targeting ligand, the ovarian carcinoma cells were specifically labeled by the Mn-N-CNSs@Anti-HE4 nanoprobe with multi-color fluorescences. Benefiting from the high r1 relaxivity, the nanoprobe exhibited targeted and enhanced MR contrast effect in the ovarian carcinoma cells and tumor bearing mice model. Besides, the high biocompatibility and easy excretion from the body of the nanoprobe were further confirmed in vivo. Conclusion: The prepared Mn-N-CNSs@Anti-HE4 with excellent biocompatibility, high-performance and superior tumor-targeting ability provides a novel fluorescence/MR dual-modal nanoprobe for specific labeling and detection of ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo.