bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS (JASWAND) BY ETHANOL-INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN RATS
Authors:   K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy 23-Jote Joy Building, Rambhau Salgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Mumbai- 400005, India., Mulgaonkar S.S , Pandey C. H.
Published: October 2021

The present study was planned to evaluate and compare the immunomodulatory activity of ethyl acetate extract (EAE 100 mg/kg p.o.) and standardized extract of H. rosa sinensis in terms of cyanidin chloride (SEC 4 and 8 mg/kg p.o.) from petals of H. rosa sinensis. Immunosuppression was induced by chronic administration of ethanol whereas treated groups received ethanol concurrently with either extracts or standard drug for 28 days. Biochemical parameters like lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were assessed in blood. Spleen and thymus were examined for histopathology. Chronic administration with ethanol showed drastic decrease in the levels of SOD, CAT and GSH but highly raised levels of LPO. Administration of EAE and SEC restored to near normal the markers of oxidative stress which could further prevent ethanol induced damage due to immunological and oxidative stress.
ALOE VERA– NUTRACEUTICAL TO PHARMACEUTICAL
Authors:   H.K.College of Pharmacy Pratikshanagar, Oshiwara Jogeshwari (W), Mumbai -400102, India, Mulay S. , Bele A. , Borade A.
Published: October 2021

Aloe vera has been used for centuries and is presently widely exploited as a nutraceutical. It is available in the form of various health drinks and formulations such as capsules/ tablets or externally in the form of gels & creams. Being a potent immunomodulator, it can be used in various ailments as a single drug or in a combination therapy. The area of formulation research is lacking in understanding the correlation of unique active therapeutic agent acemannan - a glucomannan present in aloe vera and its dose, due to numerous physical, microbiological and biochemical factors interfering in the extraction/ processing of aloe vera juice. Studies are limited and generally becoming complicated because of not having ability to discriminate between different species, since a very few species have a therapeutic effectiveness amongst about 400 species of aloe vera found worldwide. Being sensitive to heat, enzymes and shock, it is a good subject for formulation researchers as there is a concern about aloe products having a little or no aloe in them. The current article is about chemistry of aloe vera in exploring its potential as a mainstay of chronic drug therapy.
PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF VEERYASTHAMBHA VATI
Authors:   Department of Swasthavrittha KLE BMK Ayurved Mahavidyalaya Belgaum-59003, Karnatak, India., Harti S. S. , Prasad B.S , Hiremath R.S. , Gundkalle M.
Published: October 2021

Veeryasthamba Vati is used as Shukrasthambaka in premature ejaculation. The present work deals with the preparation of Veeryasthambaka Vati as per the procedure prescribed in ancient texts, starting with the procurement, authentification of raw drugs, purification of raw drug, preparation of Vati and physicochemical and TLC analysis of the Vati.
Diseño y vida espiritual
Authors: Aguirre Ramos Javier Adolfo
Published: October 2021

Este artículo busca hacer una reflexión general respecto a la crisis civilizatoria que vive la humanidad y su relación con el diseño y un derrotero espiritual. En primer lugar, el texto aborda la relación entre la crisis de salud pública y la ausencia de espiritualidad. Luego, se aproxima a la noción de espiritualidad y su conexión con el diseño, especialmente a partir de las posturas de autores como Margolin, Buchanan y Llovet.
selection of agricultural crops in the smolensk region: stages of formation and development
Authors: Кольцов Д.Н. , Конова А.М. , Гаврилова А.Ю. , Чехалкова Л.К. , Курдакова О.В. , Чехалков С.М.
Published: October 2021

В статье представлены результаты работы Обособленного подразделения Смоленского НИИСХ по селекции и семеноводству сельскохозяйственных культур (лен-долгунец, клевер луговой, картофель). Приведено описание новых сортов, а также продолжаются дальнейшие работы по селекции. Усовершенствованы агротехнические приемы возделывания льна-долгунца, клевера лугового и картофеля.

he article presents the results of the work of a separate division of the Smolensk research institute for breeding and seed production of agricultural crops (flax, meadow clover, potatoes). The description of new varieties is given, as well as further work on breeding continues. The agrotechnical methods of cultivation of flax, meadow clover and potatoes have been improved.
Quantum computers are coming! But how to use their potential?
Authors: Wille Robert
Published: October 2021

Quantum computers are coming! But how to use their potential?

Quantum computing is becoming a reality, but automated methods and software tools for this technology are just beginning. This project aims to develop automatic and efficient methods, e.g. for simulation, compilation, or verification of quantum circuits. DA QC will exploit design automation expertise proven powerful for conventional circuits and systems yet hardly utilised in quantum computing.
Combatting internet time shifters
Authors: Schapira Michael
Published: October 2021

Combatting internet time shifters

Arguably, the internet’s biggest security hole is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), which establishes routes between the organisational networks that make up the internet (e.g. Google, Facebook, Bank of England, Deutsche Telekom, AT&T). The insecurity of the internet’s routing system is constantly exploited to steal, monitor, and tamper with data traffic. Yet, despite many years of Herculean efforts, internet routing security remains a distant dream. The goal of the SIREN project is to propose and investigate novel paradigms for closing this security hole.
From angels to personifications
Authors: Lauritzen Delphine
Published: October 2021

From angels to personifications

The Marie-Curie project “The making of Angels in Late Antiquity: Theology and Aesthetics (ALATA)” combines texts (in Ancient Greek, Coptic, and Syriac) and images (chiefly ancient mosaics) to research the origins of Christian angels’ figures. This perspective sheds a new light on the key- issue of representation: how can one make the invisible visible?
The collapse of atmospheric turbulence
Authors: van de Wiel Bas
Published: October 2021

The collapse of atmospheric turbulence

The COAT project aims to predict the cessation of continuous turbulence in the evening boundary layer. The interaction between the lower atmosphere and the surface is studied in detail, as this plays a crucial role in the dynamics. Present generation forecasting models are incapable of predicting whether or not turbulence will survive or collapse under cold conditions. In nature, both situations frequently occur and lead to completely different temperature signatures. As such, significant forecast errors are made, particularly in arctic regions and winter conditions. Therefore, prediction of turbulence collapse is highly relevant for weather and climate prediction.
Carbon smart forestry under climate change
Authors: Reischl Astrid , Uhl Enno
Published: October 2021

Carbon smart forestry under climate change

In the fight against climate change, forestry needs to contribute to carbon sink and a low carbon-emitting society. Forests sequester carbon and simultaneously release carbon during forest operations. Our ambition is to achieve an integrated picture of carbon sink and source; to adapt forest management for different climate and management regimes. CARE4C strives to develop carbon-smart forest management systems for adaptation and mitigation in view of climate change. The CARE4C Project runs from January 2018 to December 2022.
Using plasmons to harness infrared solar light
Authors: Pérez Luis A. , Hu Jinhui , Alonso M. Isabel , Goñi Alejandro R.
Published: October 2021

Using plasmons to harness infrared solar light

The PLASMIONICO project aims to advance the sustainable production of electricity by harnessing infrared (IR) solar light, which is typically wasted in conventional solar cells. The key concept is to allow IR light to be absorbed at nanostructured metal cathodes to launch surface plasmons (rapid oscillations of electronic charge analogous to sound waves in liquids) to generate a photocurrent. Our strategy uses inverted silicon pyramid arrays covered with thin gold films, manufactured employing low-cost and scalable methods. After optimising the infrared absorption performance, we are set to improve photocurrent delivery with promising results.
The long road to determine microplastic trends in a Baltic Sea catchment
Authors: Labrenz Matthias
Published: October 2021

The long road to determine microplastic trends in a Baltic Sea catchment

The multidisciplinary MicroCatch_Balt project determines inland sources and sinks of microplastics and models the relevant fate processes on its pathways to the open Baltic Sea within the exemplary Warnow catchment area. It covers the most significant aspects of microplastic contamination in Northern Germany—from limnic to marine systems— providing expertise to support stakeholders in designing future monitoring or mitigation strategies.
Cleaning our seas and oceans of plastic litter
Authors: Blondel Elise , Klinkenberg Laura
Published: October 2021

Cleaning our seas and oceans of plastic litter

Increased global production and poor waste management have led to a build-up of plastic litter in the world’s oceans. This has a devastating effects on ecosystems and marine life. The flow of plastics into the oceans occurs through a variety of pathways, but rivers are one of the largest contributors. The LIFE SouPLess project aims to develop technology to catch plastics from rivers before they spread to the seas and oceans. It is a 4.5 years project (July 2018 – December 2022). Three main links of the chain of riverine plastic recovery will be tackled: from locating plastic hotspots with a dedicated numerical model to effectively collecting the plastics with systems and finding cost-effective solutions for post-processing the collected litter.
Ecohydrologic Description of Springs in the North Western Ghats, Maharashtra
Authors: Buono Jared , Thomas Renie , Kulkarni Himanshu , Mahamuni Kaustubh , Karandikar Manasi , Ghate Ketaki , Kulkarni Ketaki , Mahesh Neethi , Ambrale Dhananjay , More Ashok
Published: October 2021

Springs are essential components of the freshwater resources in the North Western Ghats yet they are not well studied and are under threat from ecological degradation. This study surveyed ecology and hydrogeology of five springs. Observations included geology, flora, fauna and impact of human pressures. The goal was to describe the range of ecological conditions to improve baseline understanding. Results show that spring recharge and discharge areas were found to hydrologically connect separate parts of the landscape, sometimes spanning different watersheds. While spring discharge is likely controlled in large part by catchment size and aquifer characteristics, impacts from human pressures may reduce spring discharge or water quality. Reduction in spring discharge may reduce biodiversity, particularly at the spring outlet where natural ponds or wetlands may dry up and destroy freshwater habitat. Grazing, fire, construction, pumping and fuel wood collection were common human pressures effecting nearly all springs. Discussed are refined definitions of a spring shed and recommendations for future assessment, conservation and management efforts.
Effects of Four Local Species of Beans Consumed in South-eastern Nigeria on Selected Biochemical Indices of Wistar Albino Rats
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State- 431124, Nigeria., Ifemeje Jonathan C. , Egbuna Chukwuebuka ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State- 431124, Nigeria., Uche Chukwuemelie Zedech ,   Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria, Chinedu Olisah Michael ,   Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State- 431124, Nigeria, Tijjani Habibu ,   Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bauchi State University, Gadau., Akram Muhammad ,   Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan., Khan Johra ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia., Saravanan Kaliyaperumal ,   PG and Research Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College (Autonomous), Puthanampatti - 621 007 Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: October 2021

The chemical composition and the effects of four local species of beans on the liver and kidney function of Wistar albino rats were examined. The four beans species are Cajanus Cajan, Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis, Phaseolus vulgaris L ‘Red kidney’, and Phaseolus vulgaris 'Black turtle’. The results obtained for the proximate composition analysis revealed that the protein content of the bean species was higher in P. vulgaris L ‘Red kidney’ (18.54±0.01a %), and P. vulgaris 'Black turtle’ (18.36±0.01a %) with no significant difference at P< 0.05. The phytochemical composition analysis revealed that the beans contain various phytochemicals including some anti-nutritional factors. The mineral composition analysis shows that V. u. subsp. Sesquipedalis had a higher level of minerals (4.80±4.43a mg/100g) followed by C. cajan (3.24±2.64b mg/100g). The experimental design comprises of 30 male Wistar albino rats distributed into 5 groups of 6 rats each. Each group except the control received 50g of normal rat feed + 100g of beans body weight. The effects of the beans species on the biochemical parameters suggest no adverse effects when compared to the control. Despite that, these beans contain high nutritional components that are of nutritional interest as as well as some anti-nutritional factors.
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis Presented with Reactive Arthritis and Erythema Nodosum: Case Report from Iraqi
Authors: Gorial Faiq , Mahdi Farah
Published: October 2021

Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease that involves the development of an inflammatory mass in the breast, which may be difficult to differentiate from malignancy. Few patients have been reported in the literature presenting with arthritis accompanying IGM of the breast. Here we report a case of an Iraqi patient who presented as IGM with reactive arthritis and erythema nodosum.
Semaglutide: Oral GLP-1 Receptor Analogue
Authors:   Fortis Hospital Mohali, Punjab, India, Kochar Arun
Published: October 2021

Semaglutide seems to be a promising option for early and later stages of diabetes treatment, it is a first-in-class oral GLP-1RA and has shown up to a 1.5 % reduction in HbA1c across PIONEER trials. Semaglutide could be a revolutionary option for the management of diabetes, being the most efficacious profile of oral diabetics known along with the convenience of oral administration.
Factors Affecting Treatment Interruption and its Correlation with Days Off with the Treatment in Diabetes
Authors:   Diabetes, Obesity & Thyroid Centre, Gwalior, MP, India, Agarwal Navneet , Singh Ambrish ,   Diabetes, Obesity & Thyroid Centre, Gwalior, MP, India, Rana Seema ,   Diabetes, Obesity & Thyroid Centre, Gwalior, MP, India
Published: October 2021

Background: Treatment interruption in chronic conditions, especially diabetes mellitus, can significantly affect glycemic control, affecting the onset of a diabetes-related complication. Objectives: To evaluate the factors associated with the treatment interruption and compare them with the days off from the treatment. Materials and Methods: 491 diabetes patients were included in the survey at Diabetes, Obesity & Thyroid center, Gwalior between September 2018 to December 2018. Responses were recorded using a detailed questionnaire comprising of 25 questions. Responses were recorded in “Yes” or “No” format. Responses were compared with the days off from the treatment talking five months as a cut-off. Results: Treatment interruption was more common within five months of starting the treatment. Reasons such as financial problem (p=0.722), no one to accompany them for a visit (p=0.640), non-availability of medicines (p=0.020), busy in family obligation (p=0.381), not aware of the consequences of missing the doses (p=0.139), and lack of awareness to take medication (p=0.450) were insignificant responses when compared between the cut off of five months of day's off. Most of the patients were shifted to alternate medicine within five months of starting the treatment (120/62; p<0.001). Side effects were another significant factor associated with the treatment interruption within five months of starting the treatment (229/98; p<0.001). Those with a family history of diabetes (p=0.013), were current smokers (p=0.008), and were married (p=0.044) had early treatment interruption. Conclusion: Patients who did not have sufficient time to visit the diabetes centre, had an inclination towards the alternative medicine for diabetes treatment, side effects of the medication, and beliefs of the patient that diabetes medication has the long-life medication period have made the patients stop the treatment within five months of starting the treatment. Family history of diabetes, current smoking, and those who were married had early treatment interruption.
Use of Digital Technologies in Pediatric Diabetes Management During the Pandemic
Authors:   Rudraksha Institute of Medical Sciences, Ahmedabad, India, Hasnani Dhruvi , Chavda Vipul ,   Rudraksha Institute of Medical Sciences, Ahmedabad, India, Hasnani Shriji ,   Rudraksha Institute of Medical Sciences, Ahmedabad, India, Maheriya Vaishali ,   Rudraksha Institute of Medical Sciences, Ahmedabad, India
Published: October 2021

The outbreak of COVID-19 had created a significant impact on the medical community and has resulted in novel challenges to all the physicians. It is estimated by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) that in 2019 there were 95,600 cases of type 1 diabetes (0 and 14 years of age) in India. Type 1 diabetes was identified to be an independent risk factor associated with in-hospital death in COVID-19. During the pandemic, due to fear of visiting the hospitals, there was an underrepresentation of new cases and due to delay in the diagnosis, there was a spike in the number of cases of diabetic ketoacidosis. The objective of the current review is to summarize the role of telemedicine in the management of pediatric diabetes. Various organizations such as the Research Society of Study of Diabetes in India (RSSDI), CDiC, and IFAC came forward to support the pediatric diabetes community through the supply of insulin, glucose strips and syringes. The efficiency of telehealth visits was enhanced by using diabetes technologies like insulin pumps, CGMs, and bluetooth glucose meters. As children got ample time to spend with their parents and perform the in-home physical activity, they had good glycemic control during the pandemic period in some cases.
Applying A Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Approach to Determine the Key Criteria for Taipei Creative City of Design (TCCD) As A Business Centre in Taiwan
Authors: Depari Andi
Published: October 2021

The aim of this research is to find out the key criteria for Taipei Creative City of Design (TCCD) as a business center in Taiwan according to the experts in terms of the creative city of design. The methodology of this study consists of searching for the creative city of design indicators, which worked as alternatives for applying a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), called the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on criteria derived from the literature, data collection, and analysis that has been done, the researcher found that the human-oriented, design week/month and city development are relatively high and should be given priority at the current stage. These results could provide a theoretical foundation for designing further the Taipei Creative City of Design.
poder regulamentar do conselho nacional do Ministério Público
Authors: Farah André
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo retrata o poder regulamentar do Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público. Para verificar como este se dá, foi eleita para estudo a proposta de utilização de termo de ajustamento de conduta no direito administrativo sancionatório. Paralelo a isso, o texto alerta para o necessário respeito ao princípio constitucional da autonomia administrativa do Parquet. Com isso em mente e olhando para a referida proposta, sugere-se o uso de parâmetros, a fim de encontrar um equilíbrio entre o citado poder regulamentar e o respeito ao princípio da autonomia. A metodologia utiliza de pesquisa bibliográfica e de pesquisa documental, com investigação de dados secundários produzidos pelo próprio CNMP e pela doutrina jurídica, ancorada em uma abordagem qualitativa.
“The role of prosecutors in preventing torture and ill-treatment of accused persons and proposals for reform”
Authors: Bakibinga David Baxter
Published: October 2021

In the present essay, it is presented an overview of the role of prosecutors in Uganda to prevent torture and ill treatment of accused persons, specifying the duties of the prosecutors in this matter, giving as well some information about the mandate of the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions and also the types of Prosecutors existing in Uganda in the present time. Lastly, suggests the need of reforms aiming better investigations about torture crimes perpetrated in that country.
Prosecutorial discretion and ndependence of the ICC prosecutor
Authors: Bakibinga David Baxter
Published: October 2021

This article explores the investigative phases and initiation of proceedings through to the trial stage and how the ICC prosecutor exercises the discretionary powers and asserts independence.
Qual a identidade das crianças nascidas de exploração sexual e abuso de forças de paz (capacetes azuis)?
Authors: Kaboyi Michel Mugaruka , Mendonça Denise Boudoux de , Molina Loraine Jacob
Published: October 2021

Não apenas os atos de violência sexual são intoleráveis, mas eles se parecem mais relevantes quando são praticados por membros de uma organização encarregada de desenvolver e encorajar o respeito aos direitos humanos. A República Democrática do Congo é depen­dente da presença ininterrupta dos capacetes azuis possui diversas crianças conhecidas por MONUC ou MONUSCO, frutos das relações desiguais entre tropas de manutenção da paz, predadores sexuais, e meninas pobres, membros de comunidades locais que eles foram chamados para proteger. Os filhos desses relacionamentos transitó­rios, desde 1948, sob o palco das operações de paz, não conhecem essa vacilação permanente da contribuição parental para a formação do seu ser como homem e do advento de sua independência moral como sujeito portador de uma identidade.
Research on multiple homicide in Hungary
Authors: Tibor Nagy László , Bolyky Orsolya
Published: October 2021

In this research we examined the criminological background of aggravated cases of the most serious crime against human life of outstanding severity, the crime of multiple homicide, in Hungary. Pro­cessing the full range of data of the period 2000-2012, we performed a detailed analysis of 217 cases, 250 perpetrators and 532 victims altogether. The research aimed to explore the legal assessment and the perpetration motives of the crime, the perpetrators’ social and psychological backgrounds as well as the victims’ characteristics.
influência da mídia nos processos judiciais criminais
Authors: Barbosa Deise Araujo
Published: October 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é abordar a influência dos meios de comunicação na propagação de notícias acerca de crimes e do seu respectivo processamento perante a justiça criminal. Para ilustração, partiremos de uma análise da repercussão social do crime conhecido nos EUA como ‘‘A Corredora do Central Park’’, o qual foi retratado na minissérie produzida pela Netflix, denominada ‘‘Olhos que condenam’’.
Cryptocurrency tumbler
Authors: Moslavac Bruno
Published: October 2021

Tumbler is a service provided for cryptocurrencies in cases when anonymity is endangered and the owner of virtual “coins” can be traced. Legality of cryptocurrency tumblers can be described as a “grey zone”, for the reason that not even cryptovalues are legalized and “mixing” in tumblers is a special treatment of it. In this paper author by analytical method, by descriptive method and by comparative method explores and displays the all open questions of cryptocurrency tumblers, conducting their legality, legalization and especially potential criminalization in the future. Finally, the author concludes that legality, legalization and criminalization are firmly connected, interdependent and legislators worldwide should de lege ferenda pay extreme caution during tumbler legalization, especially for the purpose of later criminalization.
Good Governance of The European Prosecution Services in The Anti-Corruption Context
Authors: Musayev Elnur
Published: October 2021

Good Governance standards have been filled with some value in various international instruments. Originally viewed as a process of decision-making or means to achieve certain political goals, the Good Governance has turned into set of mandatory reform measures at the public and corporate level. The opinion on the role and impact of these standards in the context of the fight against corruption differ significantly according to opposing academic views. The standards in this area have been applied effectively in the course of the EU Integration and Council of Europe’s evaluations. In practical terms, these standards have been ‘translated’ into specific measures, supported by the strong conviction that proper administration of these standards would produce positive effect in the fight against corruption. The internationally credited indicators show that countries with the adequate Good Governance structure in place are champions of controlling corruption. The underperformers in Good Governance also perform poorly in curbing corruption. However, qualitative analysis shows that the countries may put in place costly transparency and accountability mechanism and still fail in the fight against corruption. The research reveals no strong link between the application of the Good Governance standards and reaching a successful result in the fight against corruption. Perhaps only proper environment and support by additional necessary measures could produce the required effect. Otherwise, this Good Governance reforms in the country, especially prosecution service, may turn into formalistic exercise yielding extreme forms of corruption.
determinaciòn de la pena en el procedimiento abreviado
Authors: Rodrigo Fernando M.
Published: October 2021

El problema de la justificación de la pena, entendiendo a tal como el poder de la comunidad política cualquiera de ejercitar violencia programada sobre sus miembros, es uno de los mayores y más clásicos problemas del Derecho Penal y de la Filosofía del Derecho. La mayor parte de las decisiones judiciales en punto a la determinación de la pena pone de manifiesto con toda claridad que la graduación y elección de la pena en cada caso, se encuentra librada más que al arbitrio a la arbitrariedad del juzgador. En la determinación de la pena cobra virtualidad el mérito y utilidad del instituto que puede catalogarse como paradigmático en el campo de los procedimientos basados en el consenso, el plea bargaining o en nuestra legislación denominado procedimiento abreviado, que es un acuerdo entre el fiscal, el imputado y su Defensor y que evita el juicio oral, considerando que en dicho acuerdo debe determinarse la pena por las partes que luego será controlada por el Juez. El procedimiento abreviado conduce a una rápida y definitiva solución de la mayoría de los procesos penales; evita muchos de los efectos corrosivos debido a la forzosa ociosidad durante la prisión preventiva de aquellos a quienes les ha sido denegada la libertad en espera del juicio; protege a la sociedad de aquellos acusados inclinados a persistir en su conducta criminal incluso durante su libertad provisional. De tal modo en los acuerdos de parte, cualquier sea el tipo de ellos, el órgano jurisdiccional debe descansar sobre lo realizado por las partes en un modelo de igualdad procesal y que necesariamente debe partir de la premisa de que tanto el actor penal público como la defensa han hecho bien su trabajo; no se pueden tolerar mecanismos de negociación que funcionen sobre la base de la desconfianza.
Challenges in Performance Evaluation System of Prosecutors
Authors: Ilic Goran , Boškovic Marina Matic'
Published: October 2021

A series of reforms adopted over the last decade reflect different views of how the judicial system, and particularly the prosecutors, should be managed. In 2000, democratic changes were followed by judicial reform initiatives, set as one of the priorities of the Government at that time. Many of those reform activities are connected with EU integration process and fulfilment of EU and Council of Europe standards related to the judiciary. Approach, methodology and timeframe of judiciary reforms are set in the two five year strategic documents; first covered period 2006-2011 and second is for period 2013-2018. National Judicial Reform Strategy 2013-2018 set following goals: independence, impartiality and quality, competence, accountability and efficiency. Both strategic documents define set of measures and indicators to improve efficiency and competence of justice system as whole and efficiency and competence of judges and prosecutors as holders of judicial functions. Debate on results of reform activities is still ongoing in professional public.
efetivo exercício do trabalho no serviço público pelas pessoas com deficiência por meio do mandado de injunção
Authors: Cintra Carlos César Sousa , Oliveira Milena Sousa de
Published: October 2021

O direito das pessoas com deficiência experimentou durante os séculos uma evolução que ganhou notória força na década de 80, quando esse grupo logrou consignar suas reivindicações na agenda internacional, obtendo a aprovação de tratados e convenções em seu favor. Dentre eles, destaca-se a Convenção de Nova Iorque, que foi recepcionada pelo ordenamento jurídico pátrio na condição de emenda constitucional. Sob suas luzes, foi promulgada a Lei Brasileira de Inclusão (Lei nº 13.146/2015), com o escopo de assegurar os direitos das pessoas com deficiência, dentre eles, o direito ao trabalho. Trabalhar é exercício produtivo da cidadania, porém, a despeito das conquistas em relação a esse direito, ainda há muito a ser feito para que ele seja, de fato, implementado. Especificamente ao trabalho no âmbito público, a Constituição Federal promove a primeira ação afirmativa, no sentido de reservar vagas para pessoas com deficiência em concursos públicos. Entretanto, uma vez admitidas nos cargos ou empregos públicos, as pessoas com deficiência, muitas vezes, enfrentam dificuldades para exercer as atribuições do cargo, dada a ausência de adaptações adequadas nas respectivas instituições. Não somente a ausência de equipamentos adequados, mas a falta da regulamentação necessária para guiar a ação do administrador público pode vir a se tornar obstáculo à concretização desse direito. Nesse momento, o mandado de injunção aparece, na condição de garantia constitucional, a fim de provocar o Poder Judiciário a fornecer a norma do caso concreto, a solucionar o impasse que impede as pessoas com deficiência de exercer aquilo que constitucionalmente lhes é de direito: trabalhar.
fiscal ante el juicio oral
Authors: Díaz Lázaro Esteban Guzmán
Published: October 2021

Este artículo se propone abordar algunas de las funciones del fiscal en los juicios orales. Trata determinadas cuestiones que consideramos endebles en su preparación y desplegar puntos de vistas con cierta flexibilidad, lo cual no significa que sean totalmente nuevos, sino a partir de la praxis observarlos desde una perspectiva renovada. Los fiscales tradicionalmente enfrentan el juicio oral según la preparación individual que cada uno posea y ello se ha basado con preferencia en el conocimiento del sumario o fase preparatoria del juicio oral, considerando que dominarla constituye la suprema clave para el éxito, lo cual no esta totalmente alejado de la realidad, pero no suficiente si carece de estrategias y conocimientos científicos. La etapa de debate en el juicio oral transcurre, entre otros trámites, sobre la base de la práctica de las pruebas propuestas por las partes y ello supone que constantemente se produzca un reacomodo sucesivo de las tesis de ambas, porque aparecen nuevos elementos de prueba que sustituyen a otros ya existentes y lógicamente sustituyen también el criterio anterior de los jueces por otro nuevo, el cual a su vez podrá sustituirse por otro más nuevo en dependencia de las circunstancias de la percepción.
interface entre as demandas coletivas e as demandas individuais que geram repercussões coletivas
Authors: Bastos Fabrício Rocha
Published: October 2021

No presente artigo, abordo a interface entre o CPC e os processos coletivos. Como uma das temáticas principais as  nomenclaturas das ações e a sua tipologia, e como o CPC/15 gerou uma interface entre os sistemas. O principal objetivo é apresentar os conceitos das ações individuais com efeitos coletivos e as pseudoindividuais com o objetivo de diferenciá-las das demandas meramente individuais e coletivas.
University goods manufacturing program combined with engineering education
Authors: Nobutaka Ito
Published: October 2021

Due to the frequent university reforms, the level of understanding higher education and conducting research programs are getting lower in recent ten years. Their knowledge level sometimes discourages and disappoints the university professor. Their active, challenging attitude to know and integrate the knowledge based on the experiences cannot be seen in most of the university students. They need to know anything about practical application. This paper is one of the proposals to provide the opportunity for university students to learn and experience more practicing through university goods manufacturing based on the CNC machine operated on computer programming.
Replacement of fish meal using pig manure as protein source for Nile tilapia culture
Authors: Buncha Tongmee  , Niwooti Whangchai  , Sudaporn Tongsiri  , Yuwalee Unpaprom
Published: October 2021

The cost of fish feed is a significant constraint to freshwater fish farming in Asia. In the aquaculture value chain, feed is a responsible factor and accounts for nearly 75% of the total cost of fish production in many countries. Therefore, this study attempts to focus the feasibility of using pig manure fermentation to formulate feed pellets to culture the tilapia fish in the cement pond, along with the cultured using ready-made feed containing the residue from the manure fermentation at different ratios. Accordingly, the experimental studies were approached by two types of experiments, namely, experiment 1 (focused on the nutrients in pig manure collected from an anaerobic system farm), and experiment 2 (studied the appropriate level of pig manure to be used as a raw material for fish feeding). The five months’ fermentation of pig manure contains 17.09% protein, which is the highest amount of nutrition source. Digestate manure was estimated; other primary macronutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, were 2.73, 0.55 and 1.22 %, respectively. Also, a considerable amount of essential micronutrients, for example, copper, manganese and zinc, were found in the digestate. Nile tilapia were grown at the cement ponds for 120 days. The maximum verified dry matter and protein digestibility in tilapia were attained for diets containing 10 % percent pig manure at 89.28 ± 4.09 and 56.64 ± 1.43 (p> 0.05), respectively. In this study experimental results indicated that fish meal consisting of 15% manure was found to be the most acceptable substitute source of protein for tilapia production. This implies that the cost of fish meal production using fermented pig manure can be significantly lowered, gain higher profit and provide significant economic benefits to farmers.
Application of edible coating and active packaging to extend shelf life of mango under atmosphere temperature
Authors: Heryoki Yohanes  , Chen-Yeon Chu  , Hardaning Pranamuda  , Mei-Feng Lai  , Harianto  , Wiwik Handayani
Published: October 2021

Two types of edible fruit coating and an active packaging were tested for their effect during 15 days of storage at atmosphere condition (24-25oC) with 60-70 % RH. One coating was alginate-based, while the other hand had palm oil-based as the main ingredient. These two coatings exhibit weight loss reduction and appearance change compared to uncoated, but only the palm-based coating delay ripening can extend 10 days of shelf life during storage. On the other side, Active packaging can effectively delay ripening during 15 days of storage. Moreover, these results show that active packaging might be a viable alternative to extend mango's shelf life because it can maintain weight loss below 3% during storage at atmospheric conditions.
Hybrid nano-coolants in automotive heat transfer – an updated report
Authors: Madderla Sandhya  , D. Ramasamy  , K. Sudhakar  , K. Kadirgama  , W.S.W. Harun
Published: October 2021

Nano coolants have been attracting various researchers for efficient heat transfer agents. The efficacy of nanofluids as nano coolants is reviewed in the present study. The addition of nanoparticles to existing coolant fluids can enhance their heat transfer performance. Conventionally water and ethylene glycol are used as engine radiator coolants. The addition of ethylene glycol is needed to increase the boiling point of the water and decrease the freezing point. The convention also seems to be a crucial factor for heat exchanger performance. This is a requirement for vehicles that are being used under harsh weather conditions. Different types of nanoparticles used as nano coolants SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Cu/CuO, G/GO, CNT, and Hybrid nanoparticles, were extensively illustrated. Finally, nanofluids applications in the past decade were included. As many researchers have shown, they can be used to enhance radiator performance as well. In this review paper, studies of heat transfer performance of various Nanofluids as nano coolants conducted by researchers are studied. Finally, a conclusion is presented.
Biodiesel (Methyl Esters)
Authors: Nurul Aina Nasriqah Binti Ma’arof  , Noor Hindryawati  , Siti Norhafiza Mohd Khazaai  , Prakash Bhuyar  , Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim  , Gaanty Pragas Maniam
Published: October 2021

Biodiesel, an environmentally friendly biomass-based fuel, is gaining popularity globally as a cost-effective way to meet rising fuel demand. However, the high cost of raw materials and catalysts continues to drive up biodiesel production. An alternative feedstock with a heterogeneously catalyzed reaction could be the most cost-effective way to stabilize industrial biodiesel growth. Understanding these issues led to the idea of using waste palm oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production. While using waste materials as feedstock for biodiesel is an elegant solution, converting high free fatty acids (FFA) directly into methyl esters has some drawbacks. High FFA processes (acid esterification, then base transesterification) are costly. The commercial processes currently use a homogeneous system with sulfuric acid to catalyze both esterification and transesterification. However, heterogeneous solid acid catalysts are preferred over hazardous mineral acids for high FFA esterification because they are less corrosive, produce less waste, and are easier to separate from reactants and products by filtration, recovery, and reusability. Heterogeneous acid catalysts can also simultaneously catalyze transesterification and esterification reactions. Thus, new waste-based support for heterogeneous catalysts (solid acid catalysts) is required to convert waste oils into biodiesel.
The application of the KdV type equation in engineering simulation
Authors: Wael Sulayman Miftah Ammar  , Ying Shi
Published: October 2021

Bores propagating in shallow water transform into undular bores and, finally, into trains of solitons. The observed number and height of these undulations and later discrete solitons are strongly dependent on the propagation length of the bore. Empirical results show that the final height of the leading soliton in the far-field is twice the initial mean bore height. The complete disintegration of the initial bore into a train of solitons requires very long propagation, but unfortunately, these required distances are usually not available in experimental tests of nature. Therefore, the analysis of the bore decomposition for experimental data into solitons is complicated and requires different approaches. Previous studies have shown that by applying the nonlinear Fourier transform based on the Ko- rteweg–de Vries equation (KdV-NFT) to bores and long-period waves propagating in constant depth, the number and height of all solitons can be reliably predicted already based on the initial bore-shaped free surface. Against this background, this study presents the systematic analysis of the leading-soliton amplitudes for non-breaking and breaking bores with different strengths in different water depths to validate the KdV-NFT results for non-breaking bores to show the limitations of wave breaking on the spectral results. The analytical results are compared with data from experimental tests, numerical simulations and other approaches from the literature.
Osteosarcoma: An Evolving Understanding of a Complex Disease
Authors: Alexander John H. , Binitie Odion T. , Letson G. Douglas , Joyce David M.
Published: October 2021

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone sarcoma and affects both children and adults. The cornerstone of treatment for patients with localized and oligometastatic disease remains neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resection of all sites of disease, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. This approach is associated with up to an 80% 5-year survival. However, survival of patients with metastatic disease remains poor, and overall, osteosarcoma remains a challenging disease to treat. Advances in the understanding of molecular drivers of the disease, identification of poor prognostic factors, development of risk-stratified treatment protocols, successful completion of large collaborative trials, and surgical advances have laid the ground work for progress. Advances in computer navigation, implant design, and surgical techniques have allowed surgeons to improve patients' physical functional without sacrificing oncologic outcomes. Future goals include identifying effective risk stratification algorithms which minimize patient toxicity while maximizing oncologic outcomes and continuing to improve the durability, function, and patient acceptance of oncologic reconstructions.
Fundamentals of Arthroscopy Fluid Management and Strategies to Safely Improve Visualization
Authors: Walker-Santiago Rafael , Maldonado David R. , Domb Benjamin G. , Lall Ajay C.
Published: October 2021

Arthroscopy has become increasingly relevant to various subspecialties within the orthopaedic surgery. From a patient safety standpoint and surgical efficiency standpoint, it is critical to know the fundamental concepts of fluid management such as those related to the fluid, pressure, and flow. A satisfactory field of view during arthroscopy can be achieved with the use of gravity-dependent or automated fluid management systems. Fluid management parameters and their physiological impact on the patient should be continuously monitored to avoid morbidity or delayed recovery. Local and systemic complications can occur from careless use of techniques that improve visualization such as tourniquet, epinephrine-diluted irrigation, and controlled hypotensive anesthesia. The purpose of this article is to review the fundamental concepts of fluid management in arthroscopy and the techniques to safely improve arthroscopic visualization.
Brain Metastases in Patients With Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: Management and Survival—A SEER Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Gonzalez Marcos Roberto , Bryce-Alberti Mayte , Leon-Abarca Juan Alonso , Pretell-Mazzini Juan
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Brain metastases (BM) in soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) is associated with poor prognosis. This large population analysis presents (1) demographic and clinical variables of these patients, (2) potential risk factors, (3) impact of BM on overall survival, and (4) treatment strategies.

Methods:

Patients with STS and BM were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Demographic and clinical variables, as well as treatment modalities, were analyzed. Overall 5-year survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival difference was assessed using the log-rank test. A multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard regression to determine the risk factors.

Results:

Twenty-two patients (22/8,433) with STS presented BM at diagnosis. A multivariate analysis showed that women and American Indians/Alaska Natives had a greater risk of presenting BM. The most common histological subtype to metastasize to the brain was alveolar soft part sarcoma (4/22). In 54.5% of patients with BM, the tumor had also metastasized to the lung, although having synchronous bone, liver, and lung metastases showed the greatest increase in risk for presenting BM (odd ratio [OR] = 1,857.7, confidence interval [CI] 95%, 88.4 to 3,9046.6, P < 0.0001). Individually, bone metastasis increased the risk of presenting BM the most (OR = 205.0, CI 95%, 30.5 to 1,379.6, P < 0.0001). The mean survival of patients with BM was 10.22 months. The standard treatment approach included surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Conclusion:

BM in patients with STS represents an infrequent but lethal event. Women and American Indians/Alaska Natives are at a higher risk of presenting BM, as well as patients with synchronous metastases. Patients are mainly managed with systemic therapy.