bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Recent Progress in Wastewater Treatment Using Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Inayat Abrar , Said Zafar , Alsaidi Ola , Al-Zaidi Ruqaya , Ullah Sami , Stathopoulos Vassilis
Published: July 2020

Background:

Clean and clear water is an essential element in our life. Finding new and
innovative approaches to purify water is a critical topic in research and development. Carbon nanotubes
are promising adsorbent for many stable organic compounds. The ability of wastewater treatment
using carbon nanotubes was studied in this review article.

Methods:

Adsorption mechanism was discussed based on several research studies. Kinetics and
thermodynamics of sorption were reviewed using carbon nanotubes. This review has discussed the
approach of removing dyes and heavy metal ions from wastewater using nanomaterials as adsorbent.
Furthermore, the paper provides several essential parameters involved in the adsorption mechanism
of carbon nanotubes for wastewater applications.

Results:

The results of this review show that carbon nanotubes are an advantageous source of the adsorbent
for wastewater applications. High thermal and chemical stability make carbon nanotubes
more attractive for the wastewater treatment application. It is observed that both kinetics and equilibrium
studies are essential to understand the adsorption phenomena. The adsorption rate constant is
considered an important factor to study the adsorption.

Conclusion:

Nanomaterials in the adsorption process make the process more effortless compared to
other types of adsorbents. Carbon nanotubes have several properties that help in surface modification,
which make them an effective and environmentally friendly material for wastewater treatment.
An Approach to Diabetic Ketoacidosis in an Emergency Setting
Authors: Pitocco Dario , Di Leo Mauro , Tartaglione Linda , Rizzo Emanuele Gaetano , Caputo Salvatore , Rizzi Alessandro , Pontecorvi Alfredo
Published: July 2020

Background:

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most commonly encountered
diabetic complication emergencies. It typically affects people with type 1 diabetes at the onset of
the disease. It can also affect people with type 2 diabetes, although this is uncommon.

Methods:

Research and online content related to diabetes online activity is reviewed. DKA is
caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and elevated levels of counter-regulatory hormones.

Results:

Goals of therapy are to correct dehydration, acidosis, and to reverse ketosis, gradually restoring
blood glucose concentration to near normal.

Conclusion:

It is essential to monitor potential complications of DKA and, if necessary, to treat
them and any precipitating events.
Nanofillers for Food Packaging: Antimicrobial Potential of Metal-based Nanoparticles
Authors: Stoica Maricica , Stoica Dimitrie
Published: July 2020

Background:

Recently, numerous studies on the packaging of nanomaterials for foods underline the significant function of nanofillers in the manufacturing of innovative nanocomposites based on polymer or biopolymer matrices. It is evident in the literature that nanofillers exhibit effective characteristics such as antimicrobial potential, barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, the exact mechanisms regulating the occurrence of the antimicrobial activity of nanofillers are only hypothesized, with the literature containing controversies regarding the mechanisms of nanofiller-induced toxicity.

Objective:

The objective of this review is to highlight several types of nanofillers, especially inorganic nanofillers that can be used along with different polymers or biopolymers to form innovative food packaging materials. The antimicrobial potential of metal-based nanofillers is also discussed in the second part of the review.

Results:

Even though numerous reports on polymer or biopolymer nanomaterial applications in food packaging are available, the purpose described in those reviews has not been aimed in this article, as a smaller number of reviews have approached food packaging nanomaterials in the way as done in this review article.

Conclusion:

It is expected that the information contained in this paper will complement previous reports, and open new vistas for explorers to apply nanofillers in the functional food packaging area.
A Mini Review of Technological Options for Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste in India
Authors: Verma Ravindra , Bisen Prakash Singh
Published: July 2020

Background:

It has been seen that 90% of municipal solid waste is disposed off
in open dumps and landfill sites, causing problems for the environment, and public health in
developing countries. Many technological options can convert waste into various forms of
energy. Heat and electricity can be generated and utilized for specific thermodynamic conversion
processes and different types of biofuel can also be extracted from the organic municipal
solid waste.

Objective:

This study evaluates the different treatment options available to convert waste
into energy, and also concludes its environmental aspect with suggestions, which may be
beneficial for encouraging the researchers to work for further improvement in this aspect.

Methods:

For each technological area, results from the literature review and the different
expert opinions were considered to provide an analysis of the treatment technology, identify
the internal and external environmental threats and important gaps in treatment technologies
for MSW in India.

Results:

It has been observed from various studies that the pyrolysis/gasification is the suitable
option for the treatment of different compositions of solid waste with high energy recovery
in India, while bio-methanation is suitable for a decentralized system with a high
energy value, and a minimum level of pollution & health hazards.

Conclusion:

The study and observations show that there are multiple technological options
for the treatment of municipal solid waste. Research and development in the MSW sector is
not a priority in India, therefore, it has been recognized that expert research advice is required
while selecting technology as well as for deciding the tools and techniques to handle
this issue.
Efektifitas Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Berbantuan Media Petaku Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika
Authors: Praswanti Ramadhani Putri
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada aspek pengetahuan, dan keterampilan yakni aktivitas belajar siswa, dan pencapaian kriteria ketuntasan minimal dalam pengimplementasian model inkuiri dengan bantuan media petaku pada materi skala. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di dua sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Kudus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 67 siswa dan dilaksanakan dalam tiga kali pertemuan. Terdapat dua variabel, variabel bebasnya yakni model inkuiri dengan bantuan media petaku, dan variabel terikat yang digunakan yakni hasil belajar siswa pada aspek pengetahuan dan aktivitas belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar matematika sebelum dan sesudah diterapkannya model pembelajaran inkuiri dengan bantuan media petaku yang ditunjukkan dengan uji N-Gain dengan peningkatan sebesar 0,69 dan masuk dalam kategori peningkatan sedang. Aktivitas belajar antara siswa pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol juga terdapat perbedaan, dengan nilai signifikansi yang muncul dalam uji Mann-Whitney yaitu sebesar 0,037 yang mana dapat diartikan bahwa aktivitas belajar pada kelas kontrol tidak lebih baik dari kelas eksperimen. Pembelajaran di kelas eksperimen juga mecapai pada kriteria ketuntasan klasikal maupun individual, output hasil uji ketuntasan belajar individual yang dtunjukkan oleh uji One Sample T Test dengan taraf signifikansi 0,001 dan lebih dari 75% siswa tuntas dalam pembelajaran.
Bullying representation in the Model and Guidance Primary School
Authors: Aristya Ferry
Published: July 2020

This study to bullying representation in the Model and Guidance Elementary School, namely SDN Jetiskarangpung 1 Sragen. The results of the study concluded that: (1) the reactions of female gender victims were, silent, afraid or crying; the offender shows indifference and pleasure; victims of male gender tend to reciprocate bullying such as hitting back, replying dirty talk, reprimanding teasing resulting in a fight; while the audience shows reaction, against the offender, defends the offender, is silent, and tells the teacher; (2) the form of bullying is a physical form dominated by male gender, while non-verbal directly non-verbal is not directly dominated by female gender; 3) Prevention of bullying is a) a humanist approach by instilling character education that is carrying out the Duha prayer during the first recess and the sublime prayer in the second recess; b) carry out the activities of reading Al-Quran and its translation 20 minutes after the bell enters school, making class rules such as providing an educative punishment such as if doing verbal bullying will be punished for reading 10 short surah of Al-Quran; c) Supervision: increasing supervision, advising, and giving attention to students who are bullying; d) Handling: counseling activities to students, playing cartoons of good friends without hurting one another, informing students about the condition of students to student guardians with a contact book
Facebook as a Medium for the Support and Enhancement of Ambulatory Care for People With Diabetes: Qualitative Realist Evaluation of a Real-World Trial
Authors: Cleal Bryan , Willaing Ingrid , Hoybye Mette T , Thomsen Henrik H
Published: July 2020

Background

There is a growing focus on the potential uses, benefits, and limitations of social media in the context of health care communication. In this study, we have sought to evaluate an initiative pioneered at a hospital in Denmark that uses Facebook to support and enhance patient-provider communication about diabetes.

Objective

This paper aims to evaluate the success of the trial according to its initial objectives and to assess its potential scalability.

Methods

The study was undertaken in a clinic for diabetes and hormonal diseases at a large regional hospital in Denmark. Using a realist evaluation approach, we identified 4 key components in the program theory of the initiative, which we formulated as context-mechanism-outcome configurations (eg, complex and iterative chains of causality). These configurations informed data gathering and analysis. Primary data sources were the activity and content in the Facebook group, in the form of posts, likes, and comments, and interviews with patients (n=26) and staff (n=6) at the clinic.

Results

New developments in diabetes technology were the most popular posts in the forum, judged by number of likes and comments. Otherwise, information specific to the clinic received the most attention. All 4 components of the program theory were compromised to varying degrees, either as a result of failings in the anticipated mechanisms of change or contextual factors derived from the mode of implementation.

Conclusions

Social media serves well as a conduit for imagining positive change, but this can be a strength and weakness when attempting to enact change via concrete interventions, where stakeholder expectations may be unreasonably high or incompatible. Nonetheless, such initiatives may possess intangible benefits difficult to measure in terms of cost-effectiveness.
Factors influencing breast cancer awareness: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Liu Na , Li Ping , Wang Jie , Guo Ping-ping , Zhang Xue-hui , Yang Shu , Yu Lin , Zhang Xiu-min , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2020

Aim:
This study aimed to explore the factors that influence breast cancer awareness.
Materials & methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2019 in Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
Results:
A total of 274 women were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Participants had a moderate level of breast cancer awareness (median = 76.50 [68.75, 84.00]). Women in the action/maintenance stages reported higher breast cancer awareness (p = 0.044). Women's breast cancer awareness was positively associated with high health information literacy level, husbands' higher educational degrees, seeing doctors after detecting abnormal breast changes and living within a short distance from the nearest hospital.
Conclusion:
History of screening and higher health information literacy levels are important positive factors linked to higher breast cancer awareness.
MBOJO NICKNAMES: REVIEWING THE CLIPPING PROCESS OF BIMANESE PERSONAL NAMES
Authors: Gusdian Rosalin Ismayoeng , Zuhra Azizatul
Published: July 2020

It is the aim of the study to reveal the distinctive clipping process that takes place in the word formation of nicknames in Mbojo which is one of the major ethnic groups in Bima and its surroundings. Moreover, this study employed qualitative method. The objects of this current study were Mbojo nicknames used by people who live in Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara.  The nicknames were collected from the family cards (KK), in 2 community units (RW). The data were supported by an informant who is a native of Dompu regency was requested to validate and check whether the collected nicknames data were truly the local people. In analyzing the data, the researcher classified the collected data using the categorization of clipping process. The result of the study showed that the clipping process found in Mbojo nicknames took place in the beginning of the names (fore-clipping); in the end of the names (back-clipping); in the beginning and end of the names (ambi-clipping); in the middle and end of the names (median-clipping and back-clipping); and in the beginning, middle, and end of the names (fore-clipping, median-clipping, and back-clipping). It is implicated that among these clipping process, ambi-clipping is the most frequently found type in Mbojo nicknames.
THE USE OF FIVES STRATEGY TO TEACH READING COMPREHENSION FOR ELEVENTH GRADERS
Authors: Sari Septika , Oktaviani Ayu , Yulfi Yulfi
Published: July 2020

One of the objectives that should be developed in teaching is reading comprehension skills. In fact, many students still have a lot of problems with reading. Therefore, teachers should use specific strategies in teaching reading comprehension to resolve students’ difficulties. The purpose of the research was to find out whether or not it is significantly effective to teach reading comprehension by using the FIVES strategy for eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Lubuklinggau. This research applied the pre-experimental method with one group pre- and post-test only. The population of the study was all of the eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Lubuklinggau. Cluster random sampling was taken to take the sample class. Class XI MIA 4 was chosen as the sample class. The data was collected through a reading test consisted of 20 items of multiple-choice form. The results of this research were: 1) the average score in the pre-test was 61.81, and the post-test was 78.06, 2) the result of the Paired t-test was 10.167, which higher than t-table (1.689) at the significant level of 5% with df 35. Therefore, the alternative hypotheses (Ha) was accepted. It means that it was significantly effective to teach reading comprehension by using the FIVES strategy for eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Lubuklinggau.
La autobiografía lectora: una herramienta para la construcción de sentido en el quehacer docente
Authors: Tobón Cossio Juan Camilo
Published: July 2020

Los estudios de la didáctica de la lectura han encontrado en la investigación narrativa (el estudio de historias de vida), una herramienta para potenciar el quehacer y la reflexión sobre el rol del mediador de lectura, el papel de lectura en los procesos de formación y los desafíos que estas historias de vida generan en el panorama educativo. El presente artículo propone dar una mirada a estos elementos poniendo en diálogo el trabajo adelantado por investigaciones españolas y su desafío en el contexto latinoamericano, específicamente con la investigación propuesta por Bernal et al. (2018) en el escenario colombiano. La investigación narrativa o estudio de historias de vida se puntualiza en una dinámica propia de los sujetos: el ser lector. Al narrar la historia de lectura  en lo que se denomina autobiografía lectora, se construye una conciencia del yo lector y se ahonda en las dinámicas que han marcado este camino, lo cual posibilitará a los docentes en formación y mediadores de lectura adoptar una postura crítica frente a sus dinámicas personales, la aplicación de sus didácticas y los planteamientos del sistema educativo. De este modo, la lectura rescatará su carácter de experiencia en donde el maestro o mediador toman como punto de partida su vivencia como lectores: su yo lector.
Reproduksi Makna Miskin dalam Surat Keterangan Tidak Mampu (SKTM) untuk Pelayanan Kesehatan Masyarakat Miskin Non Kuota di Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Kustanto Munari , Anindita Ardi
Published: July 2020

A relief letter (SKTM) from Social Service Office of Sidoarjo is a mechanism for non-quota poor people to access health services. The dilemma occurred when the office indicated that 80% of the target users of the letter were inaccurate. Understandings on terms of “poor”in relief letter and by health service providers play an important role in this phenomenon. This study identifies the reproduction of the meaning of poor on non-quota poor health services in Sidoarjo. This was a qualitative approach, conducted in Sidoarjo and Tarik District that had different characteristics to obtain comprehensive results. The structuration theory from Anthony Giddens used to analyze the data findings. The results indicated that poverty for non-quota poor users was interpreted as (i) unemployed conditions, and (ii) inability to meet health needs. Reproduction of “poor” meaning occurred when informants relate it to the accessibility of health services. This term was also reproduced into business and political interests by health officers and government officials at the poor village. Discursive awareness among agents involved in non-quota health services modified the service.

Abstrak

Surat Keterangan Tidak Mampu (SKTM) dari Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Sidoarjo menjadi sebuah mekanisme bagi masyarakat miskin non kuota untuk mengakses pelayanan kesehatan. Dilema terjadi manakala Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Sidoarjo mengindikasikan bahwa 80% pengguna surat tersebut tidak tepat sasaran. Pemahaman pengguna surat rekomendasi tidak mampu dan penyelenggara pelayanan kesehatan tentang makna miskin memiliki peran penting dalam fenomena tersebut. Penelitian ini berupaya mengidentifikasi reproduksi makna miskin pada pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat miskin non kuota di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Sidoarjo dan Kecamatan Tarik yang memiliki karakteristik berbeda guna memperolah hasil yang komprehensif. Teori Strukturasi dari Anthony Giddens digunakan untuk menganalisis temuan data. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa kemiskin bagi pengguna masyarakat miskin non kuota dimaknai sebagai (i) kondisi tanpa pekerjaan, dan (ii) ketidakmampuan memenuhi kebutuhan kesehatan. Reproduksi makna miskin terjadi manakala informan berhubungan dengan aksesibilitas layanan kesehatan. Melalui petugas medis dan aparatur pemerintah desa miskin direproduksi menjadi kepentingan bisnis dan politis. Kesadaran diskursif antar agen yang terlibat dalam pelayanan kesehatan non kuota telah memodifikasi layanan tersebut.
MANAGEMENT OF MANUFACTURING RESOURCES IN AN ENTERPRISE ON THE EXAMPLE OF HUMAN RESOURCES
Authors: Sadowska Beata , Lulek Adam
Published: July 2020

Human resources constitute a group of individuals that make up a company’s employees. Human resources together with skills, knowledge, abilities and predispositions create human capital. Today, managing human resources is conditioned by many factors of economic, social, ecological-legal and technical-organizational nature. The aim of the article is to present the results of research on important determinants of professional work, and to identify factors of professional work that both positively and negatively affect the quality of life of employees. The article looks for the answer to the question: What values are important for an employee? Is the realization of dreams, job promotion, prestige and recognition important? The results of empirical research indicate the possibility of using mentoring and tutoring in human resource management. The authors begin the article by analysing literature and theoretical frameworks, ending with results and conclusions.
Kesantunan dalam Ritual Pernikahan Masyarakat Hindu-Bali; Kajian Etnopsikolingustik Religius
Authors: Wardani Kadek Devi Kalfika Anggria
Published: July 2020

The study which is descriptive qualitative in nature, aims to investigate preference of politeness strategies by Balinese Hindu-community in traditional marriage ritual. Data was collected using interview and observation methods. Based on the results of data analysis, this research shows that the form of politeness that arises can be seen in terms of place, time, to the leaders of the people, during preparation, implementation, disclosure of the relationship with the Almighty, and after the completion of the ritual. The different forms of politeness that emerge can be seen from the use of Balinese in various levels which are adjusted to the social distance and speech situation. Besides being seen from the use of language, linguistic politeness is also evident from the attitude, intonation, and tone of the speaker. The difference in the form of politeness is intentionally raised to cause certain psychological impacts on the interlocutor.
Toward An Innovative Strategic Approach For Sustainable Management Of Natural Protected Areas In Italy
Authors: Dastgerdi Ahmadreza Shirvani , Sargolini Massimo , Pierantoni Ilenia , Stimilli Flavio
Published: July 2020

As the world’s largest coordinated network of protected areas, the Natura 2000 network (N2k) encompasses the most valuable and threatened species and habitats in Europe. However, N2k sites have been often criticized due to their rigid management system that focuses only on conservation practice without a strategic vision for linking with the regional plans. This study aims to develop a novel approach for sustainable management of N2k sites in Italy by identifying existing gaps and developing conservation policies. For this purpose, a panorama of the current challenges in the European sites was provided at the first step. Then, the management status of the natural protected sites in Italy was studied by selecting the Umbria Region as the case study. Finally, we develop a strategic approach for boosting the conservation policies and sustainable management of the N2k sites in Italy. The findings highlight that the sustainability of N2k sites requires an inclusive effort in the social, economic, and policymaking fields to meet its conservation objectives. Such an effort encompasses a sophisticated management approach that consists of a network of tools for monitoring the state of conservation, land uses, and socio-economic activities at the regional scale. Furthermore, the integration of environmental policies with regional plans is essential for the sustainable management of the N2k sites.
Konflik Sosial Masayarakat dalam Perspektif Sosiologi Hukum Islam
Authors: Sumanto Dedi
Published: July 2020

Conflicts can be dangerous or may even benefit a relationship, depending on how they are resolved. Because conflict creates strong emotions, emotions are not suitable as a basis for constructive problem solving. Conflict escalation rarely benefits a relationship, especially if it creates selfishness, stubbornness, and withdrawal from relationships. What's worse, conflicts can lead to physical disputes and actual violence, a community can work together, but it can be that at other times the community that has worked together can turn into social conflict. Conversely, people who initially conflict can change to work together for a certain time. For that social processes that occur are very dynamic, these conditions are very dependent on the power management model that runs in the community concerned thus interpreting the conflict based on the causes of conflict are: specific behaviors, norms and personal roles and dispositions. Conflict can also occur in the name of religion, caused by several factors including: superficial religious knowledge, fanaticism, religion as a doctrine, symbols, religious figures, history, fighting for surge.
PEMIKIRAN PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI MENURUT IBNU QAYYIM Al-JAUZIYAH
Authors: Afnita Juli , Maemonah Maemonah
Published: July 2020

Education takes place in a variety of forms, patterns and institutions. Education can happen anywhere, anytime and anywhere in life. Ibn Qayyim's view sees education of children as an effort to develop from its innate potential. Children need their parents to determine direction in their development. Therefore, children need teaching and training in order to be able to live a variety of potentials and education obtained by children. In the development of children requires social interaction and religious interaction. The connection of thought of Ibn Qayyim in the philosophy of early childhood education refers to the view of behaviorism, due to children in his behavior and the results of environmental influences through children's development depends on their own environment. If the environment that nurtures children well, then fine in the development of the child's environment. And vice versa, if the child is in a learning environment that is less good, then the child will be less optimal in its development.
Influencia del método de deshidratación sobre la calidad de snacks de zapallito redondo [Cucurbita maxima var. Zapallito (Carr.) Millán)]
Authors: Massolo Juan Facundo , Ortiz Cristian , Concellon Analia , Vicente Ariel
Published: July 2020

El creciente interés por los snacks de vegetales no amiláceos, preparados sin fritura se explica por su menordensidad calórica, respecto a la papa deshidratada y frita. Los métodos convencionales de secado a altatemperatura en ciertos casos pueden provocar pérdidas de componentes bioactivos. Es por ello que existeinterés en la búsqueda de nuevos métodos de procesamiento que reduzcan el desperdicio de estos productos. En este trabajo, se evaluó la calidad (antioxidantes fenólicos, carotenoides, azúcares, acidez, color, aceptabilidad sensorial e higroscopicidad) de snacks de zapallito redondo obtenidos por dos métodos diferentes: 1) secado con aire caliente (SAC) o 2) por un método combinado de deshidratación osmótica (DO) con NaCl seguido de una etapa de secado por aire caliente (DO+SAC). Dependiendo de la concentración de NaCl empleada, la etapa de DO permitió reducir la humedad inicial del vegetal en 15-30%. La incorporación de un pre-tratamiento de DO antes del secado por aire caliente no afectó la acidez, azúcares ni contenido de compuestos fenólicos del producto final. Los snacks obtenidos por el método combinado DO+SAC, mostraron mejor color y aceptabilidad sensorial, mayor nivel de carotenoides extraíbles y menor higroscopicidad que los producidos por SAC. Los resultados del presente trabajo muestran que los tratamientos combinados de DO y aire caliente, resultan en snacks de zapallito redondo con mejores propiedades físicas (color, higroscopicidad), nutricionales (carotenoides) y sensoriales (aceptabilidad) que aquellos obtenidos sólo por secado convencional con aire caliente.
THE CONCEPT OF QAṬ’Ī DALĀLAH: DEFINITION, LAWS, AND PERCEIVED CONFLICT
Authors: MAULIDIZEN AHMAD , Pratiwi Eka
Published: July 2020

In terms of methods of discovering Islamic law, experts formulated 3 methods, namely: linguistic interpretation methods, kaukasi methods and theological methods. The mention of the method of discovery of the first type of law as bayani reasoning means that the discussion is more focused on text, in this case the text is Arabic. This method is a method of legal discovery by interpreting or interpreting existing Islamic legal texts, namely the Quran and hadith. Urgency of sharia is based on the understanding of the verses (verses) of the law in the Qur'an and hadith, the process of decomposition, deepening, and formulation of the law based on a collection of sources from the Qur'an and Hadith. Clear Lafaz is a clear explanation its designation of the intended meaning without requiring an outside explanation. Lafaz, whose meaning is clear, there are 2 opinions, the first is the opinion of the jumhur ulama or mutakallimun, explaining that the meaning of Lafaz is divided into three levels, namely Nash, Zahir and Mujmal. While other opinions, namely opinions from the Hanafi. Lafaz which is clear according to hanafiyah there are 4 kinds, namely: zahir, nash, mufassar and muhkam
The Effect of Different Fertilizer and Extraction Method on Secondary Metabolites of Azolla Pinnata
Authors: Roshidi Muhammad Ameerul Haqim , Mahyuddin Husna Sabrina , Mohamad Mohd Azrul Naim , Noh Abdul Latif
Published: July 2020

Azolla pinnata is an aquatic plant that comes from the order of Pteridophyta and family of Azollaceae that can be found floating on the surface of waters and can only grow at non-moving or slow-moving water areas. This research aims to understand the effect of different extraction methods and fertilizers on Azolla pinnata and its secondary metabolites. The fertilizers treatments that were tested were chicken manure and AB. The different extraction methods that were tested were SFE and Soxhlet extraction. In the test, the amount of dry weight of A.pinnata obtained from using AB fertilizer was higher compared to chicken manure. For the extraction, both SFE and Soxhlet extraction produced an almost similar amount of extracts but different amounts of secondary metabolites. The amounts of the secondary metabolites were determined and analyzed using GC-MS. The metabolites identified were theamine, bioxirane, acetic acid, 9 methyl-1-decene, glycerine, dihydroxyacetone, thymine, pyranone, 6-fluoro-2-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, 2-formyl-4,6 dichlorophenyl ester, and isoglutamine. Based on the result, treatment with AB fertilizer provides higher amounts of secondary metabolites in A.pinnata compared to chicken manure, while for extraction methods, SFE provides higher amounts of secondary metabolites in A.pinnata compared to Soxhlet extraction.
Quality Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Compost
Authors: Rahman M. M. , Bhuiyan M.S.H. , Rouf M.A. , Sarker R.R. , Rashid M. H.
Published: July 2020

There are more than 522 towns and cities in Bangladesh, which generate thousands of tons of solid waste known as Municipal Solid Waste. Low collection coverage and disposal facilities are responsible for unsatisfactory waste management. The composting technology is a good alternative method for managing MSW. The present study was conducted to assess the quality of the MSW compost produced from the solid wastes of Mymensingh Pourashava. For quality assessment physical, chemical and biological properties of prepared compost namelye bulk density, porosity, water-holding capacity, moisture content, pH, organic matter content, C:N ratio, NPKS content, buffering capacity, soluble salts content, heavy metal content and the presence of harmful organisms in the MSW compost were studied. The results indicated that the MSW compost was matured and stable having pH 7.3 and buffering capacity of the MSW compost were good but the organic matter content and C : N (14.5) ratio were low. The N, P, K and S content of the MSW compost were 0.9, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.45 percent of the total volume. The soluble salts content and heavy metal content of the compost were found to be within the permissible limits. The MSW compost contained no E. coli and Salmonella. From the results, it can be concluded that, the composting could produce acceptable quality of compost, which can be used as fertilizer or soil amendment.
Synthesis And Antibacterial Activities Of Benzothiazole Derivatives Of Sulphonamides
Authors: Ikpa Chinyere B. C. , Onoja Samuel O. , Okwaraji Anastasia O.
Published: July 2020

This study aims to synthesize hybrid compounds “via” the coupling of sulphonamide and benzothiazole into one structure that may have improved antibacterial property. The N-(biphenyl-4-yl) thiourea (1) used for the synthesis of the targeted sulphonamides was obtained by reacting diphenylamine and ammonium thiocyanate at room temperature. Cyclization of N-(biphenyl-4-yl)thiourea gave 2-amino-6-phenylbenzothiazole (2) which reacted with benzenesulphonyl chloride and para-toulene sulphonyl chloride to give the targeted sulphonamides (3a & 3b). The synthesized compounds were characterised using melting point, infra-red spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. Anti-bacterial screening of the synthesised compounds indicated that all the compounds showed anti-bacterial properties, except 2-amino-6-phenylbenzothiazole that did not show any activity on Escherichia coli.
Cavitation Erosion and Sliding Wear of MCrAlY and NiCrMo Coatings Deposited by HVOF Thermal Spraying
Authors: Szala M. , Walczak M. , Łatka L. , Gancarczyk K. , Özkan D.
Published: July 2020

The investigation into wear resistance is an up-to-date problem from the point of view of both scientific and engineering practice. In this study, HVOF coatings such as MCrAlY (CoNiCrAlY and NiCoCrAlY) and NiCrMo were deposited on AISI 310 (X15CrNi25-20) stainless steel substrates. The microstructural properties and surface morphology of the as-sprayed coatings were examined. Cavitation erosion tests were conducted using the vibratory method in accordance with the ASTM G32 standard. Sliding wear was examined with the use of a ball-on-disc tribometer, and friction coefficients were measured. The sliding and cavitation wear mechanisms were identified with the SEM-EDS method. In comparison to the NiCrMo coating, the MCrAlY coatings have lower wear resistance. The cavitation erosion resistance of the as-sprayed M(Co,Ni)CrAlY coatings is almost two times lower than that of the as-sprayed NiCrMoFeCo deposit. Moreover, the sliding wear resistance increases with increasing the nickel content as follows: CoNiCrAlY < NiCoCrAlY < NiCrMoFeCo. The mean friction coefficient of CoNiCrAlY coating equals of 0.873, which almost 50% exceed those reported for coating NiCrMoFeCo of 0.573. The as-sprayed NiCrMoFeCo coating presents superior sliding wear and cavitation erosion resistance to the as-sprayed MCrAlY (CoNiCrAlY and NiCoCrAlY) coatings.
Ferroptosis: regulated cell death
Authors: Čepelak Ivana , Dodig Slavica , Dodig Daniela Čepelak
Published: July 2020

Ferroptosis is a recently identified form of regulated cell death that differs from other known forms of cell death morphologically, biochemically, and genetically. The main properties of ferroptosis are free redox-active iron and consequent iron-dependent peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membrane phospholipids, which results in the accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species due to loss of glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Ferroptosis has increasingly been associated with neurodegenerative diseases, carcinogenesis, stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. It has also shown a significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. This review summarises current knowledge about and the mechanisms that regulate ferroptosis.
Performance Analysis of Static Precise Point Positioning Using Open-Source GAMP
Authors: Malik Jabir Shabbir
Published: July 2020

In addition to Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation, the number of Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) satellites is increasing; it is now possible to evaluate and analyze the position accuracy with both the GPS and GLONASS constellation. In this article, statistical analysis of static precise point positioning (PPP) using GPS-only, GLONASS-only, and combined GPS/GLONASS modes is evaluated. Observational data of 10 whole days from 10 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations are used for analysis. Position accuracy in east, north, up components, and carrier phase/code residuals is analyzed. Multi-GNSS PPP open-source package is used for the PPP performance analysis. The analysis also provides the GNSS researchers the understanding of the observational data processing algorithm. Calculation statistics reveal that standard deviation (STD) of horizontal component is 3.83, 13.80, and 3.33 cm for GPS-only, GLONASS-only, and combined GPS/GLONASS PPP solutions, respectively. Combined GPS/GLONASS PPP achieves better positioning accuracy in horizontal and three-dimensional (3D) accuracy compared with GPS-only and GLONASS-only PPP solutions. The results of the calculation show that combined GPS/GLONASS PPP improves, on an average, horizontal accuracy by 12.11% and 60.33% and 3D positioning accuracy by 10.39% and 66.78% compared with GPS-only and GLONASS-only solutions, respectively. In addition, the results also demonstrate that GPS-only solutions show an improvement of 54.23% and 62.54% compared with GLONASS-only PPP mode in horizontal and 3D components, respectively. Moreover, residuals of GLONASS ionosphere-free code observations are larger than the GPS code residuals. However, phase residuals of GPS and GLONASS phase observations are of the same magnitude.
Effect of Different Pre-Treatments on Antinutrients and Antioxidants of Rice Bean (Vigna umbellata)
Authors: Kaur Damanpreet , Dhawan Kajal , Rasane Prasad , Singh Jyoti , Kaur Sawinder , Gurumayum Sushma , Singhal Somya , Mehta C. M. , Kumar Vikas
Published: July 2020

Rice bean (Vigna umbellata) is a legume that belongs to Vigna genus. Native to Indo-Chinese region, it is considered to be an ‘under-utilized’ or ‘orphan’ crop. Rice bean is known to possess high nutritional potential and antioxidant activity. But the use of rice bean supplementation in routine diet is limited despite its high nutritional profile due to the presence of non-nutritional factors. Thus, various pre-treatments like soaking, germination, oven roasting, sand roasting, boiling and pressure cooking at different time and temperature were carried out to reduce the anti-nutritional content of rice bean and to study its effect on antioxidant activity and phytochemical content. All the pre-treatments were able to significantly reduce the anti-nutrient content in rice bean, but germination showed the maximum reduction. Also germinated rice bean showed the maximum antioxidant potential and maximum content of total phenols, total flavonoids, vitamin C and carotenoids. Rice bean has been underutilized so far, owing to its antinutrient content and low popularity. This experiment attempted to use low cost processing to reduce the content of antinutrients and track the antioxidant content in rice bean. The concluded processing could be adopted for commercial applications for dietary supplementation.
The origin and course of severe thunderstorm outbreaks in Poland on 10 and 11 August, 2017
Authors: Sulik Sławomir , Kejna Marek
Published: July 2020

This study documents the evolution of severe thunderstorm outbreaks that occurred on 10 and 11 August, 2017 in Poland. This study used cloud-to-ground lightning-strike data from the PERUN lightning detection network managed by the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute. In the description of storm phenomena the authors also applied synoptic maps, meteorological radar data, vertical atmosphere soundings and meteorological data from the station in Poland. The aim of this study was to trace the causes of the upward movement of supercells including the Mesoscale Convective System day by day, and to examine relationships between lighting distributions on 10 and 11 August, 2017. In Poland, on August 10, 2017, 154,524 cloud-to-ground flashes (CG) occurred, and 56,510 CG flashes the next day. On August 10, around 18% of all flashes had a positive current, but 29% the next day. The spatial distribution of the lightning in Poland was computed for 10×10-km grid cells. Based on the map analysis it was found that on those two days most of the positive flashes occurred in Greater Poland and Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodeships, as well as on the border of Opolskie and Lower Silesia.
Identifying High Nature Value farmlands on a national scale based on multivariate typology at municipality (LAU 2) level
Authors: Mądry Wiesław , Olik Marcin , Roszkowska-Mądra Barbara , Studnicki Marcin , Gozdowski Dariusz , Wójcik-Gront Elżbieta
Published: July 2020

High Nature Value farmlands in Europe are of greatest importance in the conservation of biodiversity. Their environmental importance has been recognized for some time, and has been studied mostly in Western Europe. This article describes the results of multivariate statistical analyses performed on data (13 variables) collected from the latest National Agricultural Census and the CORINE database to provide a typology of farmlands with respect to their nature value at municipality level (LAU 2, Local Administrative Units level 2) across Poland. All municipalities were grouped into eight categories (types). Some of the farmland categories were considered to be High Nature Value farmland (HNVf). The following interrelated variables mostly contributed to the identification of HNVf: share of protected areas and forest, grassland, arable land and fallow, farmland cover diversity, and rate of nitrogen fertilization. HNVf was identified in 958 out of 2173 municipalities, covering 44% of the territory of Poland. The identified HNVf also overlaps partially (61%) with LFAs (Less Favored Areas). Farmlands with the highest nature value are located mostly across mountain and hilly areas, close to forests, and protected areas on lowlands and river valleys. The identified HNV farmlands are characterized by low-input farming systems and a large share of semi-natural habitats with a high landscape mosaic.
Flow rate effect on partially modified potato starch microspheres formation process
Authors: Muneer Roaa Mohammed , Hadi Nizar Jawad , Al-Zubiedy Ali
Published: July 2020

Natural biopolymers are the most likely choice for biomedical applications, and starches can be considered the best materials for such applications. This comes from the fact of their natural origin and their high biodegradable behavior. Native starches have weak hydrogen bonding and a leaching behavior – making it a candidate for drug delivery application. Still, to make starch useful as a drug delivery carrier, this hydrogen bonding must be strengthened. In this work, native sweet potato starch was used, and the hydrogen bonding between starch molecules was enhanced by introducing glycerol as a hydrogen bonding source and sodium alginate (SA) as a thickener. This blend was tested by means of FTIR and DSC, and based on the test results, improved hydrogen bonding had taken place. Furthermore, potato starch microspheres were successfully produced at different flow rates. In the work, a microfluidic capillary device was harnessed to form microsphere generating total flow rates ranging between (0.00031 and 0.00054) cm3/sec. Herein, a starch/sodium alginate/glycerol mixture was used as a dispersed phase and PVA+tween 80 was used as continuous phase. At high flow rates (0.00062-0.00054) cm3/sec, the microspheres took an oval shape. At flow rates (0.00034-0.00048) cm3/sec, the microspheres took a spherical shape. At very low flow rate (0.00031) cm3/sec, the microspheres shell was weak and caused core oozing. In this work, starch microspheres were successfully formed with diameter ranging from (151-263) µm.
The Liverpool Care Pathway for the dying patient: Euthanasia through the back door, or the sign of poor death education?
Authors: Jones Allan R.
Published: July 2020

The Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient (LCP) was an integrated care pathway for patients in the final days or hours of life, developed at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital in conjunction with the Marie Curie Palliative Care Institute, Liverpool. The LCP became increasingly the normative style of care for patients in the terminal stage across NHS England from the 1990s onwards. Following significant questions raised in Parliament, by the media and other stakeholders, an independent review panel was established under Baroness Neuberger in 2013 to investigate the LCP. The findings of the panel were published as More Care Less Pathway: a Review of the Liverpool Care Pathway identifying significant failings in the delivery of the LCP thus leading to it being phased out some six months later. Rather than being euthanasia through the backdoor, many of the criticisms of the LCP and its poor implementation are indicative of poor communication, limited knowledge of the dying process and a paucity of death education.
Recycling of Oil Fly Ash in the Adsorption of Dyes From Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Primerano Patrizia , Milazzo Maria Francesca
Published: July 2020

The use of oil fly ash after the recovery of heavy valuable metals was investigated. More specifically, its use, as an adsorbent of dyes from industrial wastewater, was evaluated. Methylene blue was used as a model compound to study the adsorption capacity of the proposed carbonaceous residue from metal recovery treatments. The effects of contact time, initial dye concentration, and absorbent dose were investigated. The maximum amount of dye was adsorbed after one hour. Moreover, 1-3 g of residues were necessary for the removal of 200-1000 mg dm–3 from 0.050 dm3 of contacted solution. The Langmuir isotherm model was in good agreement with the adsorption equilibrium data, indicating a maximum monolayer saturation capacity of approximately 40 mg/g at 25 °C. High abatement efficiencies (up to 99 %) were obtained, and the adsorbed dye was released almost immediately by re-contacting with water. The adsorption capacity was at least four times lower than that of commercially available active carbon. The double treatment of oil fly ash with deionised water and hydrochloric acid allows for the extraction of over 85 % of the vanadium, iron, and nickel content in the ash. However, the negligible or zero cost of solid residues, otherwise disposed in landfills, indicates their potential as a valid alternative. The use of oil fly ash for both recovery of heavy valuable metals and the subsequent removal of dyes from wastewater suggest a zero-waste process.