bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Level 3 Probabilistic Safety Analysis in UK HPR1000
Authors: Wang Jinkai , Wang Qi
Published: October 2023

A Level 3 probabilistic safety assessment (L3 PSA) is required in United Kingdom (UK) generic design assessment (GDA) to demonstrate that a new nuclear power plant is suitable to be built in UK. L3 PSA is used to assess the individual and societal risk and compare the results against the offsite radiation protection targets (RPTs) for fault and accident conditions. Its results can be used for risk evaluation and environmental impact assessment and provide useful information for alternative design features, rulemaking, and regulatory procedures. It takes into account atmospheric dispersion, demography, dosimetry, pathways to man, and plant/site characteristics. The radioactive source terms and their frequencies often are passed on from Level 1/2 PSA analyses. The framework for demonstrating the acceptability of the new plant design at GDA is presented for the assessments against RPTs 7, 8, and 9. There is little relevant good practice and mature standard for L3 PSAs that have recently been implemented worldwide. In this study, a pilot L3 PSA is performed for UK Hua-long Pressurized Water Reactor (UK HPR1000) to reflect the UK context and relevant good practices. It introduces the methodology and the processes to be followed to perform conditional consequence calculations for the faults and accident scenarios. All radiation sources are considered and analyzed. The radiological risks to a potential UK site are analyzed and compared against RPTs. A widely used code - PC COSYMA, is selected as a primary tool for the accident consequence calculations. The strengths and limitations of the code are identified based on the project situation, and either qualitative arguments or supplementary analyses are subsequently proposed to overcome the limitations. The final L3 PSA results are derived to support the demonstration that the offsite radiological risks for UK HPR1000 have been achieved as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) and have met the UK regulatory expectation.
Analysis and Modeling of a SiC Based Buck Converter and Its Effects in an Electric Vehicle Application
Authors: Gupta Utsav , Vass-Varnai Andras , Wong Voon Hon , Fayed Ayman
Published: October 2023

Power electronic components are found in all areas of an electric vehicle, from power train to motors and from battery to ancillary loads and these converters are manufactured in Silicon (Si). However, there are many other applications where the design requirements on power converters are too stringent to be met using conventional Silicon-based solutions. This includes applications in electric vehicles, defense and aerospace, subterranean exploration, and geothermal energy. For power converters in such applications, SiC offers many advantages over Si. While doing the electrical design of a power converter, the thermal aspects are usually neglected causing a vast difference in the simulation and real-life application. This paper aims to show how taking thermal characteristics into account for a power converter is beneficial and how it influences the results. This is done with two different SiC device models to replicate the results and to demonstrate the conclusiveness of the analysis. First, the electrical design of a buck converter is presented and then the thermal aspects of a design are explained in detail. Finally, both aspects are combined, and detailed simulations are shown in multiple different cases which provide a significant difference in the results validating the hypothesis.
Leading quantum correction to the classical free energy
Authors: Deserno Markus , Turgut O. Teoman
Published: October 2023

The quantum free energy of a system governed by a standard Hamiltonian is larger than its classical counterpart. The lowest-order correction, first calculated by Wigner, is proportional to ℏ2 and involves the sum of the mean squared forces. We present an elementary derivation of this result by drawing upon the Zassenhaus formula, an operator-generalization for the main functional relation of the exponential map. Our approach highlights the central role of non-commutativity between kinetic and potential energy and is more direct than Wigner's original calculation, or even streamlined variations thereof found in modern textbooks. We illustrate the quality of the correction for the simple harmonic oscillator (analytically) and the purely quartic oscillator (numerically) in the limit of high temperature. We also demonstrate that the Wigner correction fails in situations with sufficiently rapidly changing potentials, for instance, the particle in a box.
Computational projects with the Landau–Zener problem in the quantum mechanics classroom
Authors: Guttieres Livia A. J. , Petrović Marko D. , Freericks James K.
Published: October 2023

The Landau–Zener problem, where a minimum energy separation is passed with constant rate in a two-state quantum-mechanical system, is an excellent model quantum system for a computational project. It requires a low-level computational effort, but has a number of complex numerical and algorithmic issues that can be resolved through dedicated work. It can be used to teach computational concepts, such as accuracy, discretization, and extrapolation, and it reinforces quantum concepts of time-evolution via a time-ordered product and of extrapolation to infinite time via time-dependent perturbation theory. In addition, we discuss the concept of compression algorithms, which are employed in many advanced quantum computing strategies, and easy to illustrate with the Landau–Zener problem.
Simultaneous relative cue reliance in speech-on-speech masking
Authors: Lutfi R. A. , Zandona M. , Lee J.
Published: October 2023

Modern hearing research has identified the ability of listeners to segregate simultaneous speech streams with a reliance on three major voice cues, fundamental frequency, level, and location. Few of these studies evaluated reliance for these cues presented simultaneously as occurs in nature, and fewer still considered the listeners' relative reliance on these cues owing to the cues' different units of measure. In the present study trial-by-trial analyses were used to isolate the listener's simultaneous reliance on the three voice cues, with the behavior of an ideal observer [Green and Swets (1966). (Wiley, New York), pp.151–178] serving as a comparison standard for evaluating relative reliance. Listeners heard on each trial a pair of randomly selected, simultaneous recordings of naturally spoken sentences. One of the recordings was always from the same talker, a distracter, and the other, with equal probability, was from one of two target talkers differing in the three voice cues. The listener's task was to identify the target talker. Among 33 clinically normal-hearing adults only one relied predominantly on voice level, the remaining were split between voice fundamental frequency and/or location. The results are discussed regarding their implications for the common practice in studies of using target-distracter level as a dependent measure of speech-on-speech masking.
Post-glacial tectonism and bluff erosion in northern Erie County, Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Lang* Nicholas P. , Dolanc Christopher , Beasley-Watson Kennedy , Goodenow Katie , Harris Kiana , Jackson Albert , McCarthy Joseph , Nypaver Cole , Schwab Nicole , Wood Trevor
Published: October 2023

This one-day field trip will visit northern Erie County in northwestern Pennsylvania, USA, and is divided into two parts. The first part will highlight brittle and ductile deformation preserved in Upper Devonian bedrock. It is possible that this deformation occurred in relation to the Alleghenian orogeny during the late Paleozoic. However, some of this deformation displays possible evidence of postdating Wisconsin glaciation, but this interpretation is speculative and based largely on possible topographic disruption of Quaternary river terrace deposits. Morphologic characteristics of outcrops in creeks that expose these tectonic structures will be used as a starting point to discuss structure origin, timing, and their implications. The second part of the trip will visit Erie Bluffs State Park (EBSP) and will examine ongoing mass wasting of bluffs along the southern Lake Erie shoreline. The timing (as determined from dendrochronological analyses) and styles of mass wasting that have occurred at EBSP will be discussed and compared to two other locations along Pennsylvania’s Lake Erie shoreline. An appended road log serves as a geologic guide to the features and processes highlighted on this trip.
Supplemental Material: Metasomatized mantle sources for orogenic gold deposits hosted in high-grade metamorphic rocks: Evidence from Hg isotopes
Authors: Wang Qingfei , al. et
Published: October 2023

 Detailed analytical methods, Figures S1–S3, and Table S1.  
Supplemental Material: The missing ridge Enigma: A new model for the Tuamotu Plateau conjugate and Peruvian flat slab
Authors: Fletcher Michael , Wyman Derek
Published: October 2023

ZIP file containing an .mp4 animation and its constituent jpeg files: Tuamotu_Enigma_Nazca_Animation.zip. Animation starts at 55 Ma, when the western Tuamotu Plateau and its slightly longer conjugate have already formed, and proceeds to 0 Ma. File S2: ZIP file containing files for the GPlates Enigma Project to be opened in GPlates 2.X, which can be downloaded from https://www.earthbyte.org/category/gplates/.  
Development of a Novel Method for Activation of Isotope Exchange
Authors: Shevchenko V. P. , Nagaev I. Yu. , Shevchenko K. V. , Myasoedov N. F.
Published: October 2023

The influence of various factors on the efficiency of introducing deuterium into 3-(N-pyrrolyl)-propanoyl-L-histidine and 3-(N-salicyl)-propanoyl-L-histidine was studied. Heavy water was used as a source of deuterium. It is shown that the content of deuterium atoms in the substance can be increased by pretreating the reaction mixture with deuterium gas. The new approach opens up additional possibilities both for obtaining high labeled pharmaceuticals by introducing hydrogen isotopes into organic compounds, and theoretically for a deeper understanding of the role in this process of activated deuterium or tritium particles solvated on the carrier and in the pool of matter.
BioCanRx Summit for Cancer Immunotherapy 2022 Proceedings
Authors: Lee Stacey N. , Hoskin Victoria , Laumont Céline M. , Snelling Shannon , Lindo Lorenzo , Bird Lou , Samarkina Vera , Thurston Chantale , Fox Grace , Ivanco Sarah , Mahoney Megan , Boudreau Jeanette E. , Nersesian Sarah
Published: October 2023

From 19 to 21 November 2022, BioCanRx held its first post-pandemic in-person Summit for Cancer Immunotherapy in Montreal, Canada. The meeting was well attended by patients, trainees, researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals, who came together to discuss the current state and future of biotherapeutics for cancer in Canada and beyond. Three plenaries, three keynote speakers, a lively debate, and panel discussions, together with poster sessions and a social event, made the event memorable and productive. The current state of cellular therapies, cellular engineering, clinical trials, and the role of the cancer microbiome were discussed in plenary session, and the patient voice was welcomed and present throughout the meeting, in large part due to the Learning Institute, a BioCanRx initiative to include patient partners in research. In this meeting review, we highlight the platform presentations, keynote speakers, debate combatants, panellists, and the patient perspective on the annual meeting.
The Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule with nuclear targets
Authors: Bass Steven D. , Pedroni Paolo , Thomas Andreas
Published: October 2023

Hadron properties are modified when the hadron is embedded in a nuclear medium. Here we discuss the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn, GDH, sum rule for polarised photoproduction from a polarised nucleon within a polarised nuclear target. Strong enhancement is expected with the suppression of the proton and nucleon resonance masses and enhancement of the proton’s anomalous magnetic moment in medium. This could be tested in polarised photoproduction experiments with interesting targets being polarised deuterons, $$^3$$

3

He, $$^6$$

6

Li and $$^7$$

7

Li. The largest contribution to the GDH sum rule comes from the $$\Delta $$
Δ
resonance excitation. In existing data with polarised deuterons and $$^3$$

3

He the $$\Delta $$
Δ
excitation is shifted to slightly lower energy when compared to model predictions where the $$\Delta $$
Δ
is treated with its free mass.
Spin–photon interface for a solid-state spin system via single trapped ion
Authors: Jin Fangzhou , Liu Weiping , Zhou Hui
Published: October 2023

An efficient spin–photon interface plays a significant role in building quantum network and distributed quantum computing with solid-state spin system, e.g., nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Solid-state spin system has the advantages of excellent portability and long coherence time, however, it suffers from a critical drawback of low efficiency of spontaneously emitted photons in the zero phonon line. This poses a severe challenge for the generation of an efficient interface between solid-state spin and photon. Here, we propose a method to establish a coherent interface between photon and solid-state spin system which is coupled to a trapped ion via a quantum transducer. Our method provides a new route to establish an efficient spin–photon interface allowing the generation of entanglement between distant spins.
Investigation of tidal turbine array performance using computational fluid dynamics in the presence of waves
Authors: Atif Muhammad , Qureshi Hamid Iftikhar , Habibullah  , Arslan Khan Muhammad , Awwad Fuad A. , Ismail Emad A. A.
Published: October 2023

Tidal turbine arrays have undergone extensive research to determine the optimal spacing for efficient performance and reduced wake generation. Small-scale laboratory tests are typically conducted to analyze wake structures prior to deployment. These tests often result in conditions of extreme blockage due to channel narrowing in comparison to turbine size. The primary objective of this study is to investigate flow behavior around turbines under blockage conditions and their performance close to the free surface, both in current-only and wave-and-current scenarios. The methodology employed a combination of blade element momentum theory and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) integrating a virtual blade model (VBM) code. The findings of this study indicate potential enhancements in tidal turbine array performance of up to 7% in lateral arrangements and 11% in streamwise arrangements under blockage conditions. The wake is significantly influenced by surface waves, which also contribute to increased downstream turbine performance.
Investigation of resonant properties of metamaterial THz filters fabricated from vanadium dioxide thin films
Authors: Zeybek Sehriban , Demirhan Yasemin , Noori Aileen , Tugay Halime , Altan Hakan , Sabah Cumali , Aygun Gulnur , Ozyuzer Lutfi
Published: October 2023

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a promising candidate for electronic and optical switching applications in the terahertz frequency range due to the metal to insulator transition (MIT). In this study, the use of VO2 patterned as a metamaterial surface or coupled as a homogeneous layer with a metallic metamaterial surface on top is investigated in terms of performance. High-quality VO2 thin films were deposited on c-cut sapphire substrates by using the dc magnetron sputtering technique. A change in resistivity by a factor of 104 MIT in VO2 was observed allowing to investigate its use as a controllable metamaterial. The layer was patterned using a unique geometry (four-cross shaped) that operates in the THz frequency range. To understand its performance as a tunable THz filter, the four-cross structure fabricated from VO2 is compared to one fabricated from Au on VO2 bare film using UV lithography and ion beam etching techniques. The spectral performances of metamaterials were assessed using THz-Time Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and results were compared with simulations based on CST Microwave Studio. Absence of the resonant effects in the purely developed VO2 device, while clear observation of the MIT behavior shows the strong dependency of the inductive and/or capacitive effects of the four-cross structure on conductivity of the surface metamaterial, which is clearly observable for the Au-based device. In the latter case, the resonant transmittance of the filter can be effectively modulated by change in temperature.
Structural characterization, luminescence properties and applications of Eu3+ ion-doped bismuth molybdate phosphor via a molten salt-assisted approach
Authors: Li Yaoyao , Li Huiya , Wang Xiaomeng , Zhang Zicheng , Li Huiting , Xie Jixing , Ma Haiyun , Han Yuanyuan , Wang Chunzheng , Wang Liyong
Published: October 2023

A molten salt-assisted method for the synthesis of Eu[Formula: see text]-doped bismuth molybdate (BMO: Eu[Formula: see text]) phosphor was proposed. (BMO: Eu[Formula: see text]) phosphors with different phase structures were obtained by changing the calcination temperature. The applications in LED devices and latent fingerprint recognition of the obtained product were explored. The results of structural characterizations and scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs analysis prove that the products exhibit different crystal structures and morphologies with the change of calcination temperature. Based on the above findings, the as-prepared products have potential applications in the field of WLED and potential fingerprint recognition.
Photoemission of InGaN nanowire array photocathode assisted by external electric field
Authors: Cao Zhihao , Liu Lei , Lu Feifei , Tian Jian , Zhangyang Xingyue , Wang Zhidong , Cheng Hongchang , Guo Xin
Published: October 2023

An external electric field-assisted method is proposed to improve the electron collection capability of InGaN photocathode. We use the diffusion drift equation to calculate the photoemission performance of the nanowire arrays. The results show that nanowire array has better electron collection ability with the aid of external electric field. When the incidence angle is 88∘ and 70∘, the quantum efficiency and collection efficiency reach the maximum respectively. When the external electric field is 0.6[Formula: see text]V/[Formula: see text]m, the maximum collection efficiency is 34.2%. Compared with no electric field, the electron collection ratio increased by 69.4%. The external electric field- assisted InGaN photocathode can significantly improve the photoelectric emission performance, which is expected to be realized in future experiments.
Computational Technologies for Fashion Recommendation: A Survey
Authors: Ding Yujuan , Lai Zhihui , Mok P.Y. , Chua Tat-Seng
Published: October 2023

Fashion recommendation is a key research field in computational fashion research and has attracted considerable interest in the computer vision, multimedia, and information retrieval communities in recent years. Due to the great demand for applications, various fashion recommendation tasks, such as personalized fashion product recommendation, complementary (mix-and-match) recommendation, and outfit recommendation, have been posed and explored in the literature. The continuing research attention and advances impel us to look back and in-depth into the field for a better understanding. In this article, we comprehensively review recent research efforts on fashion recommendation from a technological perspective. We first introduce fashion recommendation at a macro level and analyze its characteristics and differences with general recommendation tasks. We then clearly categorize different fashion recommendation efforts into several sub-tasks and focus on each sub-task in terms of its problem formulation, research focus, state-of-the-art methods, and limitations. We also summarize the datasets proposed in the literature for use in fashion recommendation studies to give readers a brief illustration. Finally, we discuss several promising directions for future research in this field. Overall, this survey systematically reviews the development of fashion recommendation research. It also discusses the current limitations and gaps between academic research and the real needs of the fashion industry. In the process, we offer a deep insight into how the fashion industry could benefit from the computational technologies of fashion recommendation.
Characterizing and Improving Resilience of Accelerators to Memory Errors in Autonomous Robots
Authors: Shah Deval , Xue Zi Yu , Pattabiraman Karthik , Aamodt Tor M.
Published: October 2023

Motion planning is a computationally intensive and well-studied problem in autonomous robots. However, motion planning hardware accelerators (MPA) must be soft-error resilient for deployment in safety-critical applications, and blanket application of traditional mitigation techniques is ill suited due to cost, power, and performance overheads. We propose Collision Exposure Factor (CEF), a
novel metric
to assess the failure vulnerability of circuits processing spatial relationships, including motion planning. CEF is based on the insight that the safety violation probability increases with the surface area of the physical space exposed by a bit-flip. We evaluate CEF on four MPAs. We demonstrate empirically that CEF is correlated with safety violation probability and that CEF-aware selective error mitigation provides 12.3×, 9.6×, and 4.2× lower dangerous Failures-In-Time rate on average for the same amount of protected memory compared to uniform, bit-position, and access-frequency-aware selection of critical data. Furthermore, we show how to employ CEF to enable fault characterization using 23,000× fewer fault injection (FI) experiments than exhaustive FI and evaluate our FI approach on different robots and MPAs. We demonstrate that CEF-aware FI can provide insights on vulnerable bits in an MPA while taking the same amount of time as uniform statistical FI. Finally, we use the CEF to formulate guidelines for designing soft-error resilient MPAs.
A Survey on Conflict Detection in IoT-based Smart Homes
Authors: Huang Bing , Chaki Dipankar , Bouguettaya Athman , Lam Kwok-Yan
Published: October 2023

As the adoption of IoT-based smart homes continues to grow, the importance of addressing potential conflicts becomes increasingly vital for ensuring seamless functionality and user satisfaction. In this survey, we introduce a novel conflict taxonomy, complete with formal definitions of each conflict type that may arise within the smart home environment. We design an advanced conflict model to effectively categorize these conflicts, setting the stage for our in-depth review of recent research in the field. By employing our proposed model, we systematically classify conflicts and present a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge conflict detection approaches. This extensive analysis allows us to highlight similarities, clarify significant differences, and uncover prevailing trends in conflict detection techniques. In conclusion, we shed light on open issues and suggest promising avenues for future research to foster accelerated development and deployment of IoT-based smart homes, ultimately enhancing their overall performance and user experience.
H3GNN: Hybrid Hierarchical HyperGraph Neural Network for Personalized Session-based Recommendation
Authors: Yin Zhizhuo , Han Kai , Wang Pengzi , Zhu Xi
Published: October 2023

Personalized Session-based recommendation (PSBR) is a general and challenging task in the real world, aiming to recommend a session’s next clicked item based on the session’s item transition information and the corresponding user’s historical sessions. A session is defined as a sequence of interacted items during a short period. The PSBR problem has a natural hierarchical architecture in which each session consists of a series of items, and each user owns a series of sessions. However, the existing PSBR methods can merely capture the pairwise relation information within items and users. To effectively capture the hierarchical information, we propose a novel hierarchical hypergraph neural network to model the hierarchical architecture. Moreover, considering that the items in sessions are sequentially ordered, while the hypergraph can only model the set relation, we propose a directed graph aggregator (DGA) to aggregate the sequential information from the directed global item graph. By attentively combining the embeddings of the above two modules, we propose a framework dubbed H3GNN (Hybrid Hierarchical HyperGraph Neural Network). Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed model compared to the state-of-the-art methods, and ablation experiment results validate the effectiveness of all the proposed components.
NeuroCool: Dynamic Thermal Management of 3D DRAM for Deep Neural Networks through Customized Prefetching
Authors: Pandey Shailja , Siddhu Lokesh , Panda Preeti Ranjan
Published: October 2023

Deep neural network (DNN) implementations are typically characterized by huge datasets and concurrent computation, resulting in a demand for high memory bandwidth due to intensive data movement between processors and off-chip memory. Performing DNN inference on general-purpose cores/edge is gaining attraction to enhance user experience and reduce latency. The mismatch in the CPU and conventional DRAM speed leads to under-utilization of the compute capabilities, causing increased inference time. 3D DRAM is a promising solution to effectively fulfill the bandwidth requirement of high-throughput DNNs. However, due to high power density in stacked architectures, 3D DRAMs need dynamic thermal management (DTM), resulting in performance overhead due to memory-induced CPU throttling.

We study the thermal impact of DNN applications running on a 3D DRAM system, and make a case for a memory temperature-aware customized prefetch mechanism to reduce DTM overheads and significantly improve performance. In our proposed
NeuroCool
DTM policy, we intelligently place either DRAM ranks or tiers in low power state, using the DNN layer characteristics and access rate. We establish the generalization of our approach through training and test datasets comprising diverse data points from widely used DNN applications. Experimental results on popular DNNs show that NeuroCool results in a average performance gain of 44% (as high as 52%) and memory energy improvement of 43% (as high as 69%) over general-purpose DTM policies.
Slaving and Slave Trading in Africa
Authors: Engmann Rachel Ama Asaa
Published: October 2023

Slavery in Africa dates to antiquity. Slave trading networks in Africa transported people across the Sahara and the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, with significant numbers of people sent to the Middle East, India, central Asia, and South and Southeast Asia. Africa, however, was not only a source of export of people; enslaved persons were also imported into the continent. This article reviews scholarly research into the capture, trade, and use of enslaved men, women, and children in Africa, with a focus on Ghana. It suggests that the history and legacies of slavery and slave trading cannot be understood without reference to African historiography, the politics of knowledge production, and present-day heritage tourism. In reviewing the historical and anthropological research, it also introduces some of the possibilities, problems, and challenges of archaeological approaches to studying slavery and slave trading to demonstrate that archaeology is in conversation with—and of value to—those outside the discipline.
Porous Carbons Activated by Different Methods as Positive Electrode Materials for Zn-Carbon Capacitors
Authors: Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Yoshikawa Masaaki , Morita Masayuki , Ogumi Zempachi , Abe Takeshi
Published: October 2023

Porous carbon materials prepared with different activation methods were evaluated as positive electrodes for zinc-ion capacitors. Higher capacities were obtained with chemically activated carbons than with steam-activated carbons, with KOH-activated carbon showing the highest capacity. Furthermore, the dependence of charge–discharge characteristics on electrolyte was explored using seven different electrolyte types. Gas evolution was observed during the charging reaction in alkaline electrolytes such as potassium hydroxide and tetraethylammonium hydroxide, but no gas generation was observed in acidic electrolytes. In addition, the discharge capacity tended to be higher for chlorine- ion-containing electrolytes such as zinc chloride and ammonium chloride.
Dual-color miniscope imaging of microvessels and neuronal activity in the hippocampus CA1 region of freely moving mice following alcohol administration
Authors: North Kelsey C. , Mysiewicz Steven C. , Bukiya Anna N. , Dopico Alex M.
Published: October 2023

Moderate-to-heavy episodic (“binge”) drinking is the most common form of alcohol consumption in the United States. Alcohol at binge drinking concentrations reduces brain artery diameter in vivo and in vitro in many species including rats, mice, and humans. Despite the critical role played by brain vessels in maintaining neuronal function, there is a shortage of methodologies to simultaneously assess neuron and blood vessel function in deep brain regions. Here, we investigate cerebrovascular responses to ethanol by choosing a deep brain region that is implicated in alcohol disruption of brain function, the hippocampal CA1, and describe the process for obtaining simultaneous imaging of pyramidal neuron activity and diameter of nearby microvessels in freely moving mice via a dual-color miniscope. Recordings of neurovascular events were performed upon intraperitoneal injection of saline versus 3 g/kg ethanol in the same mouse. In male mice, ethanol mildly increased the amplitude of calcium signals while robustly decreasing their frequency. Simultaneously, ethanol decreased microvessel diameter. In females, ethanol did not change the amplitude or frequency of calcium signals from CA1 neurons but decreased microvessel diameter. A linear regression of ethanol-induced reduction in number of active neurons and microvessel constriction revealed a positive correlation ( R = 0.981) in females. Together, these data demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneously evaluating neuronal and vascular components of alcohol actions in a deep brain area in freely moving mice, as well as the sexual dimorphism of hippocampal neurovascular responses to alcohol.
Hypoglycemia Awareness Trajectories in Young People with Type 1 Diabetes Using Flash Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Messaaoui Anissa , Tenoutasse Sylvie , Hajselova Lucia , Crenier Laurent
Published: October 2023

Aim. The trajectories of the hypoglycemia awareness status (HAS) have not yet been studied in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods. This 2-year follow-up study included children and adolescents with T1D aged 6‒20 years old and using flash glucose monitoring. The HAS of each participant was determined by the Gold score and assessed at three time points, along with clinical data. The trajectories based on HAS progression over time were identified, and a logistic regression analysis was performed to compare their characteristics. Results. Among the 255 participants, we identified four HAS trajectories (T1–T4). T1: normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH) maintained over time (n = 82, 29%); T2: NAH recovered during follow-up (n = 40, 18%); T3: impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) developed during follow-up (n = 28, 12.4%); T4: IAH maintained over time (n = 59, 21%). Sixteen participants (7%) displayed no identifiable trajectory. Participants belonging to the T3 group were younger. Following a specific trajectory defined the risk of developing future severe hypoglycemia. Conclusions. HAS changed in a significant proportion of pediatric people with T1D over time. Participants with a trajectory toward IAH were younger. Frequent HAS assessments may help to improve hypoglycemia risk management, especially in young children with T1D.
Drug-Induced Erythema Multiforme
Authors: Shivhare Peeyush , Haidry Naqoosh , Sharma Anka , Agrawal Deepali , Gupta Abhishek , Subramanyam Shalini
Published: October 2023

Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute inflammatory, mucocutaneous, psychosomatic, and vesiculobullous condition that varies from minor to major forms. The acral distribution of target lesions is a characteristic of this condition. The aetiology of erythema multiforme is multifactorial. 90% of the cases are triggered by a herpes infection, whereas 10% occur secondary to drug intake. The offending drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and anticonvulsants. The present case series discusses four cases of drug-induced erythema multiforme and their management.
Lycopene Alleviates the Adverse Effects of Feeding High-Lipid Diets to Hybrid Grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ×♂E. lanceolatus)
Authors: Zhou Menglong , Liu Hao , Lu Baiquan , Li Biao , Huang Weibin , Tan Beiping , Yang Yuanzhi , Dong Xiaohui , Zhang Haitao
Published: October 2023

It has been found that high-lipid diets (HLDs) disrupt lipid metabolism in fish, leading to an excessive accumulation of lipids in various tissues of the fish body. The objective of this study was to investigate if the inclusion of lycopene (LCP) in an HLD may mitigate the adverse consequences of excessive dietary lipid intake in hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus). The experimental design incorporated a control group (L0), which was administered a diet consisting of 42% protein and 16% lipid. The diets for groups L1, L2, and L3 were developed by augmenting the control diet with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg LCP, respectively. The duration of the trial spanned a period of 42 days. The results of the study showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of the three LCP treatment groups (L1, L2, and L3) tended to increase and then decrease, with a significant increase in WGR and PER in L2 (

P
 
<
0.05

). Visceral somatic index and hepatic somatic index tended to decrease and then increase in all treatment groups, with a significant decrease in L2 (

P
 
<
0.05

). In serum dietary LCP significantly reduced triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) content and significantly increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content (

P
 
<
0.05

). In the liver, dietary LCP reduced TC, TG, and very LDL levels and improved lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, fatty acid (FA) synthetase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase activities. The number and area of hepatic lipid droplets decreased significantly with increasing LCP content. In the liver, the addition of appropriate levels of LCP significantly upregulated lipoprotein lipase (lpl) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (pparα). In summary, dietary LCP improves growth and reduces lipid deposition in the liver of hybrid grouper by increasing lipolytic metabolism and decreasing FA synthesis. Under the experimental conditions, the fitted curve analysis showed that the recommended LCP additions to the high lipid diet for juvenile hybrid grouper were 200–300 mg/kg.
FIGURE 7 from Statistical Assessment of Drug Synergy from In Vivo Combination Studies Using Mouse Tumor Models
Authors: Mao Binchen , Guo Sheng
Published: October 2023

A unified view of in vitro and in vivo synergy. Drug efficacy measurement, study design, and CI calculation are illustrated for the typical fixed-ratio in vitro combination study (A–C) and 4-group in vivo combination study (D–F). A, In in vitro cell assays, drug efficacy is measured at a single timepoint (e.g., 72 hours, the red dashed line) for a series of drug concentrations, where higher concentrations exert stronger antiproliferative effect as quantified by confluence percentage. B, In an in vitro combination study with the fixed-ratio design, dose–response curves are inferred for drugs A, B, A+B, using efficacy measured at 72 hours. C, The CI is estimated for a range of drug concentrations where high concentration causes higher fraction of affected (FA) cells. Therefore, the CI is dose dependent. D, In in vivo studies, drug efficacy is measured at a fixed dose (growth curve pointed by the red arrow) for the study duration. E, In an in vivo combination study with the 4-group design, tumor growth curves were obtained for vehicle control, drugs A, B, and A+B, each with a fixed dose. CI can be calculated at a particular day (cf. Eq. 4). F, The CI is calculated for a range of days in the study duration. Therefore, the CI is time dependent. We note that exponential growth kinetics is assumed for both cell proliferation (A) and tumor growth (D) under drug treatment, and well before reaching maximal values constrained by nutrient and space. Previous studies have provided theoretical (equation 5 in ref. 33) and empirical justifications (31).
FIGURE 5 from Statistical Assessment of Drug Synergy from In Vivo Combination Studies Using Mouse Tumor Models
Authors: Mao Binchen , Guo Sheng
Published: October 2023

Assessing synergy with delayed treatment effect. A, A 4-group in vivo combination study of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab in a colon PDX model CR1197, delayed treatment effect was observed in the combo treatment group. There are 10, 8, 9, 10 mice in the vehicle, cetuximab, palbociclib, and the combo groups, respectively. B, No synergy under the Bliss independence model was reported by the CombPDX method. C and D, Strong synergistic effect under the Bliss independence model was detected by the invivoSyn method, as evidenced by both the CI and SS. E and F, Simulations were conducted to obtain empirical statistical power to detect Bliss synergy with respect to the number of mice n in a group, assuming equal number of mice in all four groups, but with delayed treatment effect in the A+B combo group such that tumors exhibit reduced GR after day 10 at which drug effect takes place. TV is measured twice a week for 3 weeks (on days 0, 4, 7, 10, 14, 18, 21) assuming that tumor DT is 7 days, and the TV cutoff is set to 3,000 mm3. The simulation results show that sufficient power (>0.8) is only achieved with long study durations [i.e., observation days or Tobs = 40 and 50 days]. In C and D, the histogram, overlaid by a red fitted density curve, shows the distribution of 1,000 bootstrap values for CI or SS; the red dashed vertical line indicates additive effect (1 for CI and 0 for SS); the black triangle marks the calculated value for CI or SS; the blue horizontal line indicates the 95% confidence interval. invivoSyn is the name of our method as well as the software package implementing it.
The bumpy road of assessment for learning during pandemic of COVID-19
Authors: Darong Hieronimus Canggung , Niman Erna Mena
Published: October 2023

A worldwide discussion about the practice of assessment for learning (AfL) in online classes during the pandemic COVID-19 is scarce. The current research can have a significant impact on teaching and learning practices, and contribute to the development of evidence-based policies and practices that support student success. Thus, the current study aimed at exploring English teachers’ AfL practice in online classes. This study belonged to a basic qualitative approach and recruited four English foreign language or EFL teachers from the secondary school level. Observation and semi-structured interviews using an interview guide were conducted to gain the data. To ensure the trustworthiness of the data, other documents were collected. Subsequently, utilizing the spiral strategy, the gained data were analyzed. The results revealed that the implementation of AfL deviated from the course. Insufficient knowledge, curriculum, internet accessibility, and technological acceptance are pivotal causes of such deviation. Thus, teachers might not diagnose students’ current learning level and decide on a further teaching action. Further studies on other educational levels are demanded to explore the practice of AfL.
The learners’ conceptual understanding: Literature review of vapor-pressure lowering and boiling-point elevation
Authors: Analita Rizki Nur , Bakti Iriani , Nugraheni Putranty Widha , Noviyanti Ester
Published: October 2023

The learners’ conceptual understanding has become one of the leading research areas conducted by educational researchers. Both students and current educators should actively work to improve their understanding of alternative conceptions and deepen their conceptual knowledge. One of the essential concepts in chemistry learning is colligative properties. This research is a literature review that discusses vapor-pressure lowering and boiling-point elevation, parts of colligative properties concept. The method used a meta-analysis review that combined the results of multiple studies that required a systematic approach to research of the literature. A preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis or known as PRISMA process was used for study selection. The following literature review was summarized based on various studies from Indonesia, United States of America (USA), Turkey, and Greece. The aims of this review were to provide important details from several previous studies to help researchers obtain complete sources. The findings were also expected to provide the learner with the correct understanding of chemistry, especially in vapor-pressure lowering and boiling-point elevation concepts.
The research finding of marine fungi as milkfish feed and its utilization for biotechnology digital magazine
Authors: Khastini Rida Oktorida , Rahman Kintu Nihan Aditya , Murni Dewi , Martiani Susi
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to determine the utilization of research results of the selection of marine fungi for milkfish (Chanos chanos) feed. The study was conducted in stages, starting with identifying the issues in the learning activities of biotechnology concepts, followed by experiments to identify research methods and products, selecting an adaptation of research findings as the learning source content, and application and development of research findings as learning. The data and information were gathered through an interview grid and a questionnaire, and the findings of the surveys were then analyzed qualitatively. The results of a selection study of marine fungi from Dua Island, Banten, Indonesia as feed for milkfish related to basic competency (KD) 3.10 and 4.10 can be used as learning resources as digital magazines for class XII high school students. Thus, media can help student in learning process.
Problem-based learning for improving problem-solving and critical thinking skills: A case on probability theory course
Authors: Susanti Mathilda , Suyanto Suyanto , Jailani Jailani , Retnawati Heri
Published: October 2023

Problem-based learning (PBL) has been widely applied as an alternative to improve learning outcomes, but it is still little studied in the context of the probability theory course. This study described how implementing the PBL model improves students’ problem-solving and critical thinking skills in probability theory course and evaluates its quality. This design research involved 58 undergraduate students and two probability theory course lecturers from two universities in Indonesia as participants. Data collection used observation to describe PBL implementation, then questionnaire and pretest-posttest to evaluate the quality of the model. This study produced a PBL model for the probability theory course which is implemented through five steps: i) Orienting students on problems; ii) Organizing students to study; iii) Assisting individual and group investigations; iv) Developing and presenting work or solutions; and v) Analyzing and evaluating problem solving processes. Lecturers and students consider that the implementation of PBL is practical. PBL implementation can also improve students’ problem-solving skills and critical thinking in the probability theory course. Thus, implementing PBL can be used as a solution to optimize learning outcomes in the probability theory course.
Mapping the field of Islamic banking and finance education: A bibliometric analysis and future research agenda
Authors: Wahyudi Rofiul , Handayani Lina , Nuryana Zalik , Riduwan Riduwan
Published: October 2023

This article examined trends in Islamic education and finance publications using bibliometric analysis. The authors used co-citation and co-word analysis to examine 449 Islamic education and finance studies from Scopus database. In the co-citation analysis, 10 themes in Islamic education and finance were identified. After that, co-word analysis is used to understand and identify each research theme’s potential future research directions. The results showed that per year the average publication of articles was 2.65. There has been extensive research on this topic in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK), and the most popped-up keywords are ‘education’, ‘finance education’, ‘banking education’ and very limited ‘Islamic finance education’. Further research can be developed using Islamic jurisprudence education, Islamic insurance education, Islamic capital market education, zakat education and waqf as keywords. In addition, the study offers a visualization map of theme patterns for future studies to create educational fields for Islamic banking and finance education, particularly in Muslim-majority nations like Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Middle East. This research contributes as a foundation for further research in enriching and developing knowledge about Islamic education and finance, especially in majority countries.
The positive emotions: Positive perception and social well-being levels of the university students
Authors: Temel Veysel , Tekin Murat
Published: October 2023

A positive perception situation positively increases the person’s worthiness, self-confidence and perspective towards time. The current study determined the relationship between the positive perception and social well-being levels of students during the COVID-19 quarantine period. The study group consisted of 236 students, 110 females and 126 males (mean age=21.30±1.99). Positive perception scale and social well-being scale were used. Skewness-kurtosis normality distribution test was used to determine whether the measurements are suitable for normal distribution. Skewness-kurtosis technique showed normal distribution in all dimensions according to the technique. In the analysis of the study data, Pearson product moment correlation analysis with descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance or MANOVA analyzes scores were performed to determine the relationship between positive perception and social well-being. As a result, it is understood that students have over mid-level of positive perception and mid-level social well-being levels. According to the results of the correlation analysis, it was concluded that there was a positive and meaningful relationship between the social well-being and sub-dimensions of the positive perception scale.