bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction and investigation of plasmid-induced effects on growth of GFP-expressing Salmonella strains
Authors: Taraq Naem Zia Ubaidah Naim , Samynathan Deepah , Saidi Hasni Idayu , Selvarajah Gayathri Thevi , Cheah Yoke Kqueen
Published: April 2021

Background: Bacteria such as the Salmonella species had been extensively studied not only for its mechanism of pathogenicity, but for its beneficial utilisation in bacterial-mediated tumour therapy. Genetically modified bacterial strain, BDLA Salmonella Agona (BDLA S. Agona) had shown great promise as tumour targeting and suppressing agent. By, constructing green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing of this strain, it would be beneficial as it could be used to further study the interaction of the BDLA S. Agona strain with various cancerous cells and the host at the systemic level. However, GFP plasmid-induced strains may exhibit growth defects, and this was investigated in this study. Methods: The GFP-transformed Salmonella strains were constructed, and the replication rate of the strains were investigated using the BacterioScan™ 216R instrument. The replication rate between the strains was compared from the 24-hour data collected and analysed as growth curves. The 24-hour growth curves were constructed using the Log CFU/mL and OD650 data collected by the instrument. Results: It was observed from the growth curves that the transformation of the GFP plasmid into different Salmonella strains did not affect the replication rate of the bacteria. Discussion and Conclusion: This finding answers the objective of the study, and it was concluded that incorporation of the GFP plasmid does not cause any negative effect on bacterial growth. GFP-transformed Salmonella, specifically the BDLA S. Agona strain, could be utilised as a powerful tool for future studies on the mechanism of tumour suppression and real-time in vivo biodistribution of the strain.
Neurosyphilis in interwar period in Lithuania: etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods
Authors: Jukna Š. , Sakalauskaitė-Juodeikienė E.
Published: April 2021

Neurosyphilis was an incurable and in most cases fatal disease until the beginning of the antibiotic era. The aim of this paper is to find out how the etiology and clinical symptoms of neurosyphilis were perceived, what diagnostic and treatment methods were used in Lithuania in the interwar period (1920-1939). We analyzed the first scientific medical journal Medicina in Lithuania and Baltic States. The main cause of neurosyphilis in the interwar period was identified as a consequence of untreated or undertreated syphilis. Wasserman, Pandy and Nonne-Apelt globulin reactions, as well as evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid cytosis were the most commonly used laboratory tests to diagnose the disease. Heavy metal therapy (arsenic, bismuth, mercury salts) and fever therapy (injections of the malaria agent, boiled cow’s milk, neobenzinol and pyrifer) were used to treat neurosyphilis in Lithuania in the period of 1920-1939.
Evaluation of sleep and treatment discipline in people with epilepsy
Authors: Streckytė D. , Mameniškienė R.
Published: April 2021

ntroduction. Antiepileptic drugs are effective in treating epilepsy and about 70% of people with epilepsy can be seizure-free; however, undisciplined use of antiepileptic drugs is a major cause of treatment failure.The aim of the study. To study the discipline of sleep and treatment regimen in people with different types of epilepsy and evaluate their determinants.Methods. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of adults with epilepsy who received antiepileptic treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using MS Excel and SPSS 21.0 pro- grams. Statistical significance was defined with a p<0.05.Results. The study included 100 participants, 65% had focal epilepsy and 55% were women. The median age was 37.5±15.7, mean epilepsy duration – 9.5±11, mean age of epilepsy onset – 21.5±17 years. It was found that 30% of participants did not adhere to their treatment regardless of epilepsy type (p=0.819). Nonadherence was associated with living in a rural area (p=0.032), frequent seizures (p=0.033), and less frequent medication dosing (p=0.032), especially in generalized epilepsy group (p=0.019). Sleep regimen did not depend on epilepsy type (p>0.05), 35% of respondents slept less than 7 hours per night, and 53% did not follow sleep regimen, which was related to treatment indiscipline (p=0.027).Conclusions. Nonadherence to the antiepileptic drugs is common among people with epilepsy. The most common subjective reason is forgetfulness, while objective reasons are living in a rural area, frequent seizures, and less frequent dosage of the antiepileptic drug. More than half of people with epilepsy do not follow a regular sleep regimen and tend to disregard treatment regimen.
Формування мотиваційно-вольових здібностей у студентів, які займаються плаванням у процесі фізичного виховання
Authors: Liashenko Valentyna , Zubko Valentyna , Hatsko Olena , Hnutova Nataliia , Lakhtadyr Olena
Published: April 2021

Актуальність дослідження. Значення мотиваційно-вольових здібностей і їх вплив на формування осо- бистості студентів є актуальними на сьогодні, оскільки під впливом мотивації формується світогляд особистості, поведінкові реакції, внутрішній емоційний світ. Під час занять із плавання в процесі фізичного виховання студентів ЗВО є можливість застосувати елементи психологічної підготовки, які будуть спрямовані на формування основних компонентів мотиваційно-вольових здібностей, що безпосередньо впливають на як відвідування занять, так і підвищення спортивних результатів. Мета дослідження – оцінка ефективності засобів формування мотиваційно-вольових здібностей у студентів, які займаються плаванням. Матеріал і методи дослідження. У ході дослідження нами застосовано такі методи: аналіз науково-методичної літера- тури, тестування, педагогічний експеримент. Обробку статистичних даних проводили за допомогою методів математичної статистики. Учасники дослідження. У дослідженні брали участь студенти 1 курсу «Київ- ського політехнічного інституту ім. Ігоря Сікорського» (26 осіб), які дали згоду на участь в експерименті. Результати дослідження. На початку експерименту в експериментальній та контрольній групах досліджувані були майже однакового рівня розвитку мотиваційно-вольових здібностей, тобто результати обох груп не мали достовірних відмінностей. Після проведення експерименту та використання розробленої методики спостерігали приріст показників компонентів мотиваційно-вольових здібностей, але в експериментальній групі студентів, які займаються плаванням, показники виявилися вищими (р <0,05; р <0,01). Висновки. За результатами нашого дослідження всі показники компонентів мотиваційно-вольових здібностей зазнали достовірного підвищення в студентів експериментальної групи, а найбільші зміни спостерігали у вольовому компоненті, який на високому рівні становив 36 % в експериментальній групі, а в контрольній – 12 %; студентів із низьким рівнем в експериментальній групі залишилося 28 %, у той час, як у контрольній – 64 %. Отримані результати свідчать про те, що заняття плаванням позитивно впливає не лише на фізичний розвиток людини, але й на формування її особистості, розвиваючи такі риси, як цілеспрямованість, наполегливість, рішучість, сміливість.
Domestic work as a job opportunity for economically deprived women: Causes and consequences of being a maidservant
Authors: Tayyaba Rafique Makhdoom  , Muhammad Nawaz Baloch  , Azeem Akhtar Bhatti
Published: April 2021

Background: Domestic workers comprise a significant part of the national workforce and serve as the backbone for various families in our society. This community still lives below the poverty line and striving for a better life. This study investigated the factors responsible for women to become domestic workers and identified their problems. Domestic maids' literature is scant, especially in Pakistan; negligible work is done on the topic, which is an impetus to contribute. It will help in devising some policies for the wellbeing of this economically deprived segment of society.

Methodology: This study explores maids' data about demographics, employment, problems and their access to welfare programs. Semi-structured interviews — comprised of closed-ended and open-ended questions — were conducted from 14 domestic maids working in Hyderabad and Jamshoro districts, selected through a convenient sampling technique. The data were analyzed with frequency and crosstabs and thematic analysis.

Results: Old age, extended work experience, lack of education, being married, number of dependents and low income were found the common factor in this occupation. Irresponsible male members, absence of male members, insufficient family income, an accusation of theft, deteriorating health, being overburdened, and non-access to welfare programs were found to be the main problems for housemaids.

Conclusion: The elimination of this occupation is not recommended, as they play a very vital role in our society, but a change in attitude and conduct while dealing with maids is suggested. Whereas, there is a need for agencies, which can provide a pool of labour as domestic servants, as both employer and employee rights can be protected.
Knowledge and Perception of Marital Rape in Pakistan
Authors: Huzaifa Sarfraz  , Munazza Madani  , Riaz Ahmed Shaikh
Published: April 2021

Background: In Pakistan, marital rape is not an immediate concern because domestic violence like battering one's wife is considered a private matter. In Pakistan, marital rape is a concept of which the majority are not even aware. Being a society where violence against women is widespread, it is imperative to study the perception and awareness level of marital rape in Pakistan. This study was designed to understand the perception of marital rape among women living in Karachi.

Methodology: The present study is exploratory; based on saturation, the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with eleven participants. The researcher has analyzed the qualitative data by following Creswell Model (2014).

Results: Findings of the study revealed that marital rape is rarely known among women living in Karachi, and the institution of the family plays a very weak role in providing sex education to their girls.

Conclusion: This study has concluded that there are no sources in Pakistan that can provide awareness regarding women's sexual rights except family.
Assessing the impact of Glutathione on maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders: A case-control study
Authors: Arshad Sonya , Ahmed Sadaf , Shershah Syed
Published: April 2021

Background: Disorders related to hypertension in pregnancy, mainly Pre-eclampsia (PE), and Eclampsia, are the major causes of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The placenta's ischemic blood supply leads to its endothelial dysfunction and reduced glutathione bioavailability involved in its pathogenesis. This study explored maternal serum Glutathione's level and changes and found out its association with fetal growth in pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders.

Methodology: A Multicenter, case-control study was conducted on 240 pregnant females. The investigational group included 180 pregnant females having blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg. The Investigational group was divided into different groups, i.e. Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) group, PE group, and Eclamptic group.  60 normotensive pregnant females were kept in control. The blood samples were obtained to analyze serum Glutathione (GSH) through ELIZA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), while urine samples were obtained for confirmation of the PE status. Fetal well-being and signs of growth restriction were observed using ultrasound.

Results: A significant reduction was elucidated in serum glutathione, biparietal diameter, and femur length among all experimental groups p < 0.001. However, no significant difference was observed in the abdominal circumference p=0.122 and Fetal weight p=0.51. A significantly inversely proportional relation was found between serum glutathione and gestational age, fetal weight as well as head circumference in all four groups control (r =-.305 p=0.018) PIH (r =-.618 p =0.000), PE (r=-.707 p=0.000) and Eclampsia (r=-.661 p=0.000).

Conclusion: It is to conclude that the fetus's growth was markedly affected by reduced Glutathione in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with the progression of the disease.
Incidental pathologies on magnetic resonance imaging in delayed milestones pediatric patients
Authors: Shahzad Ghazala , Hasan Shaikh Aashfa , Khimani Vashdev , Aziz Peer Asad , Nisar Zeeshan , Ahad Pir Abdul
Published: April 2021

Background: Delayed in achieving milestones is a rare but still devastating effect with a vast amount of etiologies resides in it. At least 89% of patients with development delay showed additional clinical features. One of the best techniques used to investigate such patients is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI helps in the early diagnosis of children's delayed milestones that helps for parental counselling and identifies any recurrence risk in patients’ siblings. The study aims to identify the incidental pathologies on MRI in patients with developmental delay.

Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study of MRI that includes 22 patients diagnosed with additional clinical features associated with developmental delay. All the patients enrolled in the study were recruited from Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro and Hyderabad, developing decay for six months from January 2019 to June 2019. History and clinical examination with MRI of the included study participants were made on GE 1.5 Tesla with appropriate sequence after sedation. Various anatomical structures like ventricles, corpus Collosum etc., were further examined systematically.

Results: A total of 22 patients were enrolled in the study, including 11 male and 11 female. MRI findings suggest that most of the presentations, i.e. 45.5% in the study, were around 2-5 years. Furthermore, mostly founded incidental pathologies were atrophic brain (13.6%), enlarged arachnoid Space (13.6%) and Sinusitis (13.6%). Besides this, Canavan Disease and sigmoid sinus thrombosis were found together. MRI scans suggest that sinusitis usually involved mastoid antrum most often and, in some cases, it is found together with a subdural hematoma and mucosal enlargement.

Conclusion: In conclusion, MRI findings in delayed milestones patient's show atrophic brain (13.6%), enlarged arachnoid spaces (13.6%) and sinusitis (13.6%). All these are not uncommon pathologies that can be the inductive factor for the pathogenesis of delayed milestone brains. This suggests that further cross-sectional studies are required to develop the findings associated with clinical features regarding incidental pathologies in developmental delay in pediatric patients.
COVID-19’lu veya COVID-19 Saptanan Gebelerde Holistik Yaklaşım
Authors: KINIK Emine , ÖZCAN Handan
Published: April 2021

Koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) yeni keşfedilen bir korona virüs türünün neden olduğu bir enfeksiyon
hastalığıdır. İlk vakalar 2019’un Aralık ayında Çin’in Wuhan şehir merkezinde görülmüştür. Korona virüs
salgının hızla yayılması ile Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından ‘Uluslararası Öneme Sahip Acil Halk Sağlığı
Durumu’ olarak ilan edilmiştir. Hastalığın ciddi enfektivitesi ve gebelik üzerine olan etkilerinin büyük
ölçüde bilinmemesi nedeni ile gebelik süreci ile ilgili endişeler de artmaktadır. Gebelik immün sistemin
kısmi olarak baskılandığı bir durumdur ve mevcut kanıtlar COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun gebelikte Şiddetli
Akut Solunum Yolu Sendromu (SARS-CoV) ve Orta Doğu Solunum Sendromu’na (MERS-CoV) neden
olan virüslere oranla daha az agresif seyrettiğini gösterse de gebeler özel bakım gerektiren, hastalığa
karşı dayanıksız bir popülasyon olarak düşünülmelidir. Pandemi sürecinde gebelerin özel bakımının
ve ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında, holistik bakıma olan ihtiyaç artmaktadır. COVID-19 hastalığında
gebelerin bakımı, modern sağlık bakım kavramlarının yanı sıra holistik (bütünsel) bir yaklaşımla ele
alınmalıdır. Gebelerin özel bakımının karşılanması ve hastalığın yönetiminde holistik bakım yöntemi
ebelere ve hemşirelere rehberlik edebilir. Gebelerin tüm salgın sürecinde holistik bakım alması bakımın
kalitesinin artması açısından önemlidir.
Elementary School Students’ Understanding on Distribution of Time Series Data
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Jun Hye-jin , Lee Kyeong-Hwa , Song Chang-Geun , Jung Hye-Yun , Seo Min-ju , Seo Yu-Min , Han Joo-Ho
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the aspects of elementary school students’ understanding on distribution of time series data and to explore the characteristics of reasoning that can promote or restrict those understanding. To this end, we presented time series data related to COVID-19 in two countries to 9 elementary school students in order to facilitate their prediction on safety level of the two countries in three months. Findings show that understanding on distribution of time series data could be characterized by its aspects of trend, center, spread, and outliers. In addition, it was found that the reasoning about grouped data set promoted understanding of the distribution, while the reasoning that focuses only on local differences in data values restricted that understanding. We discuss the main findings of the analysis and implications for instructional approach and future research.
Mahram for Women Hajj Pilgrims: Analysis of ‘illat and Development of Mahram Meaning
Authors: Busyro Busyro , Ismail Ismail , Wadi Fajrul , Tarihoran Adlan Sanur , Rosman Edi
Published: April 2021

Discussion of the obligations of mahram for women in carrying out the pilgrimage has been discussed since the period of classical scholars to modern age. In fact, for women the pilgrimage is a means of jihad for them. Various thoughts have been put forward by scholars to interpret the Hadith about mahram, starting from textual understanding, which still requires mahram, to the discovery of ‘illat. This last understanding leads to the conclusion that having mahram is no longer necessary because the security as ‘illat can be realized. It is in this connection that this paper aims to compromise between textual understanding and the study of ‘illat so that it can be a solution for women pilgrims. This study used a descriptive analytical method with ‘illat study approach. The results showed that security for women pilgrims can be realized by using the meaning of mahram in terms of language, namely people who are forbidden to marry each other, so that fellow women is also a mahram. Therefore, their departure together with other women can realize the demands of nash without leaving nash textually.Perbincangan kewajiban mahram bagi perempuan dalam melaksanakan perjalanan haji sudah dibicarakan sejak periode ulama klasik sampai kontemporer. Bahkan, bagi seorang perempuan ibadah haji merupakan sarana jihad bagi mereka. Berbagai pemikiran dikemukakan oleh ulama untuk memaknai hadis tentang mahram, mulai dari pemahaman tekstual, yang masih tetap mewajibkan bermahram, sampai kepada penemuan ‘illat. Pemahaman terakhir ini membawa kepada kesimpulan bahwa bermahram tidak diperlukan lagi karena keamanan sebagai ‘illat sudah dapat direalisasikan.  Dalam kaitan inilah tulisan ini bertujuan mengkompromikan antara pemahaman tekstual dengan kajian ‘illat agar bisa menjadi solusi bagi jamaah haji perempuan.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripstif analitis dengan pendekatan kajian ‘illat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keamanan bagi jamaah haji perempuan dapat terealisir dengan menggunakan makna mahram dari segi bahasa, yaitu orang-orang yang haram saling menikah, maka sesama perempuan juga termasuk mahram. Oleh karena itu kepergian mereka bersama-sama dengan perempuan lainnya sudah dapat merealisasikan tuntutan nash tanpa meninggalkan nash secara tekstual.
Women's Leadership in Islam with Asbāb al-Wurūd Approach
Authors: Maghfirah Maghfirah , Maulidizen Ahmad , Hasbullah Hasbullah
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze women's leadership with asbâb al-wurûd approach. This research is a library research with a qualitative approach. Data collection methods used are documentation methods from various articles and books. Then it was analyzed using the content analysis method, namely analyzing data that is a descriptive or scientific analysis of premium messages with asbâb al-wurûd approach. The result of this research was Hadith narrated by Bukhârî , al-Tirmidzî  and al-Nasâ’î on female leadership, in general, is shaḥîh li dzâtihi. Sanad meets the requirements, that is, sanad muttashil, râwî is also tsîqah and protected from syuzûz and ‘illat. Textually, the majority of scholars explicitly state the prohibition of female leadership. At the same time, contextually, Islam does not prohibit women from becoming leaders or heads of state, provided they can perform their duties. Therefore, Hadith Abû Bakrah must be understood contextually using the asbâb al-wurûd approach because the content of the instruction is temporal. The similarity of this study with previous research is that the Hadith analyzed is Hadith Abû Bakrah on women's leadership by analyzing sanad and matan, while the difference is that this research uses asbâb al-wurûd approachTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kepemimpinan perempuan dengan pendekatan asbâb al-wurûd. Penelitian ini merupakan library research, jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dan difokuskan pada penelaahan, pengkajian dan pembahasan literatur klasik dan modern yang berkaitan dengan hukum kepemimpinan wanita sebagai obyek dari penelitian ini. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah metode ta’lîlî  sebagai sudut pandang penalaran dalam menganalisa permasalahan yang dikaji, serta pendekatan asbâb al-wurûd dalam menetapkan hukum.  Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi dari berbagai artikel dan buku. Kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis isi, yaitu menganalisis data yang bersifat deskriptif atau analisis ilmiah terhadap pesan premium dengan pendekatan asbâb al-wurûd. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Hadith yang diriwayatkan oleh Bukhârî , al-Tirmidzî  dan al-Nasâ’î  tentang kepemimpinan perempuan secara umum adalah shaḥîh li dzâtihi. Sanad memenuhi persyaratan, yaitu, sanad muttashil, râwî  juga tsîqah dan dari syuzûz dan ‘illat. Secara teks, mayoritas ulama secara eksplisit menyatakan larangan kepemimpinan perempuan, sedangkan secara kontekstual, Islam tidak melarang perempuan untuk menjadi pemimpin atau kepala negara dengan syarat mereka mampu melaksanakan tugas. Oleh karena itu, Hadis Abû Bakrah harus dipahami secara kontekstual menggunakan pendekatan asbâb al-wurûd, karena isi instruksi bersifat temporal. Kesamaan dari penelitian ini dengan penelitian sebelumnya adalah bahwa Hadis yang dianalisis adalah Hadis Abû Bakrah tentang kepemimpinan perempuan dengan menganalisis sanad dan matan, sedangkan perbedaannya adalah penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan asbâb al-wurûd.
Women and Divorce in Ponorogo, East Java: Responsibility of The Husband in The Family
Authors: Muzakki M. Harir , Rabbani Lubis Ali Akhbar Abaib Mas , Imtinah Anis Hidayatul
Published: April 2021

A divorce is closely related to the absence of the husband's responsibility in a family. A wife has no right to propose divorce as long as the husband, as the head of the family, can carry out his obligations materially and non-materially. This paper tries to reveal why women propose divorce and how wives view their husbands' responsibilities as the family's head. This article results from field research in the Ponorogo District and uses data derived from interviews with eight female informants who proposed a legal divorce. As the head of the family, a husband has both material and nonmaterial responsibilities to his wife. This responsibility is the husband's obligation to his wife that must be fulfilled. The husband's material obligations are to provide a living, which includes feeding, providing shelter, and clothing. Meanwhile, the nonmaterial duties are to educate, guide, protect, love, and respect. The results of this study indicate that the wives proposed for legal divorce because their husbands, as to the head of the family, do not carry out their material responsibilities; that is, they do not fulfill their obligation to provide livings for their wife. Husbands also do not meet their nonmaterial duties to their wives.Cerai gugat terkait erat dengan tidak adanya tanggung jawab suami dalam sebuah keluarga. Pada dasarnya, seorang istri tidak berhak mengajukan cerai gugat selama suami sebagai kepala keluarga dapat melaksanakan kewajibannya secara material dan non material. Artikel ini ingin mengungkap mengapa perempuan mengajukan cerai gugat dan bagaimana pandangan istri terhadap tanggung jawab suami sebagai kepala keluarga. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian lapangan di Kapubaten Ponorogo dan menggunakan data yang bersumber dari hasil wawancara dengan delapan informan perempuan yang mengajukan cerai gugat. Seorang suami sebagai kepala keluarga memiliki tanggung jawab material dan non material kepada istri.  Tanggung jawab tersebut merupakan kewajiban suami terhadap istri yang harus ditunaikan. Adapun  kewajiban suami  yang bersifat material adalah memberi nafkah yang meliputi memberi makan, menyediakan tempat tinggal dan pakaian.  Sedangkan kewajiban bersifat non material adalah mendidik, membimbing, melindungi, menyayangi dan menghargai.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para istri mengajukan cerai gugat karena suami sebagai kepala keluarga tidak bertanggung jawab secara material, yakni tidak menunaikan kewajibannya memberi nafkah kepada istri.  Para suami juga tidak menjalankan kewajibannya non material kepada istrinya.
Development of Phet Simulation-Assisted Inquiry Model Learning in Elasticity Materials
Authors: Yuliana Yuliana , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Doyan Aris , Pineda Chester Ian S.
Published: April 2021

This research aims to produce Phet simulation-assisted guided inquiry model learning devices on valid, effective, and practical elasticity materials. This research uses research and development (R&D methods with research models developed are 4D Models consisting of Define, design, development, and disseminate stage. Products from research in the form of syllabus, Learning Implementation Plan, Student Worksheet, and Instrument Learning Results Test. The results showed that 1) the validity results of the six validators using content validity ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) calculations showed a value of 1 (very valid) for all developed products, 2) teacher and learner responses to learning referring to the guided incubation learning model assisted by Phet simulation is very practical, as well as 3) guided incubation learning model-assisted Phet simulation is effectively used in learning. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the development of learning devices is valid, effective, and practical
ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS WITHIN THE ITALIAN BANKING SYSTEM
Authors: Carlo Adami
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the present article is to explore and investigate on the nature of the web of relations of the main Italian banks, on the basis of the evolution of the career paths of their relative members of the Board of Directors. The practical implications of the study is associated with the fact that there is a stronger attention by the national and international financial authorities, such as the European Central Bank (ECB) and the National Competent Authorities (NCAs), about the governance in the banks and the theoretical background and practical abilities of the senior management to assume a specific role in a financial institution. That condition determines a situation in which a member of the board of a European bank tends to have previous job experiences from other financial institutions, which can be used as informal liaisons to gathering information and disseminate knowledge, thus shaping the whole banking infrastructure. For that reason, due to the significant consequences of that bond of relations in shaping the entire financial system, the subject of the research consists in trying to measure the Economic Intelligence aptitudes of the most significant Italian banks, which derives from personal relationships constructed and developed by the senior management of the financial intermediaries in their previous job experiences. The novelty of the present article consists in conducting an Economic Intelligence analysis within the Italian banking system. Methodology. By calculating the main centrality indexes (among those offered by the Social Network Analysis discipline) related to each Italian bank within the global banking network constructed on the basis of personal relationships among the relative members of the Board of Directors, it is possible to measure a financial institution’s inclination to have a sort of “influence” in the system, and in the process, to adopt a potential sound and proper Economic Intelligence strategy. The basic result of the paper highlights that, notwithstanding the dimension of a financial institution in the network, a bank could be characterized by significant centrality indexes in a web of social relations, thus having the potential capability to have a certain influence and impact within the entire banking network. In other words, the size of the bank, expressed for example as number of branches, total assets or number of employees, is not the only element to express the capacity of a bank to play a pivotal role in the financial system.
STUDY OF UNPROFITABILITY OF UKRAINE’S LARGE CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES BY THE DUPONT METHOD
Authors: Izmailova Katerina , Zapiechna Yuliia
Published: April 2021

Profitability and its varieties remain the key indicator, which helps to explore certain dependencies and consequences of economic activity of each enterprise in the country. The authors study large construction companies in Ukraine to identify general trends in the construction sector. Despite their overall small share in the total number of all construction enterprises, one should note their significant contribution to the development of the construction sector of Ukraine and higher profitability compared to small and medium enterprises. The negative trend of large construction companies during 2010-2020 proves the relevance of a detailed analysis of such an indicator as the loss ratio of equity in order to identify the factors that have the greatest negative impact. Method. The authors analyse the impact of operating, investment and financial activities on the loss of equity of Ukrainian large construction companies in 2018 compared to 2013 by the widely known method of the company DuPont. It is based on an equation that shows the relationship between return on invested capital, asset turnover, net income and financial leverage. Only in 2018 the situation started to level off. Factor analysis of profitability indicators has revealed the in-depth factors that affect them, namely: loss of the main activity of construction enterprises for ten consecutive years, which caused a decrease in equity to a critically low level and, accordingly, high values of financial leverage. Results. The use of the DuPont method for the analysis of profitability (loss) for large construction companies has allowed a deeper analysis of the factors that influenced such indicators as return on equity. It has been found that the profitability (loss) of equity industries are influenced by the rate of business activity and financial dependence of large construction companies. Practical significance. It has been found that the loss of equity is influenced by a decrease in uncovered profits and a decrease in financial dependence (the ratio of financial dependence increased from 34.96 in 2013 to – 19.213 in 2018) of large construction companies. This indicates a gradual erosion of equity of construction companies, increasing the level of risk, reducing their financial stability. Additional measures are needed to revive the general economic situation in the country, including the digital transformation of construction, the search for innovative activities, the restructuring of institutional support for the construction sector.
THE PROBLEM OF INSTITUTIONAL TRUST IN UKRAINE AND EUROPE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Izha Mykola , Knyazeva Olena , Pakhomova Tetyana
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of studying the formation of institutional trust, which will help to clarify and, at the same time, raise questions regarding the determination of the level of trust in state and political institutions in Ukraine and in modern European countries. In the context of the study, the tasks were considered to identify the factors that influence the formation of citizens’ trust in political institutions, namely: the effectiveness of the activities of political institutions; personal experience of interaction of citizens with representatives of authorities; the level of trust in the state as a whole, which can be transferred to individual state institutions. Analyzing the data from the Rounds (waves) 1-9 of the European Social Survey (ESS) in 2002-2018, the level of confidence in Ukraine’s political and public institutions and in the other European countries is compared. The analysis makes it possible to determine the factors that are present at the supra-individual level (at the country level) and which can influence the public policy of the state. The results of the study can be used to suggest possible measures to increase public confidence in major public institutions.
Registros del oso andino Tremarctos ornatus (Carnivora: Ursidae) en el Subandino Sur de Bolivia
Authors: Peñaranda Barrios Efraín Miguel , Castro Claros José Miguel , Hurtado Vásquez Jhonny Antonio , Mcphee Nicholas , Sánchez Arancibia Oscar Armando , Palacios Arancibia Mario
Published: April 2021

En la presente nota se reportan cuatro registros documentados mediante fotografías de la presencia del oso andino (Tremarctos ornatus) en el Subandino Sur de Bolivia dentro los límites de las Unidades de Conservación del Oso Andino (UCO) Carrasco-Amboró-Tariquía propuestos para Bolivia por Wallace et al. (2014). Adicionalmente se documentaron diferentes registros de la presencia del oso andino a través de entrevistas a pobladores locales y análisis de registros de observaciones de trabajadores de Shell Bolivia durante estudios de prospección hidrocarburífera realizado en los departamentos de Tarija y Chuquisaca entre el año 2013 y 2018. También registramos relatos orales de la cultura guaraní referidos a los patrones de percepción, actitud y cosmovisión de dicha comunidad en relación con el oso andino. Nuestros registros contribuyen a fortalecer la información sobre la distribución de la especie en el sur de Bolivia.
MEKANISME DIVERSI TERHADAP ANAK PECANDU NARKOTIKA DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK
Authors: Ramadhany Misbahul , Hapsari Ifadah
Published: April 2021

This research is entitled The Application of Diversion to Children of Narcotics Addicts in terms of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System. Furthermore, the formulation of the problems raised in this thesis are first, how to handle and procedure for giving diversion to children of Narcotics crime perpetrators in Gresik Regency. Second, whether the implementation of Diversion is in accordance with Law Number 11 of 2012 in Gresik Regency. Then the result of the research shows that the diversion mechanism for child offenders of narcotics offenses can be taken on several levels. The first level is the level of investigation in the form of deliberations among them: investigator deliberation, family deliberation and community deliberation. Furthermore, diversion must be carried out at every level of examination, both investigation, prosecution and trial, if the Diversion process is successful before the trial stage, the Investigator and Public Prosecutor will submit the results of the Diversion to the Head of the District Court to make an Determination and based on this Determination the Investigator and Public Prosecutor can issue SP3 (Letter of Order to Stop Investigation) and Decree of Termination of Prosecution. If the Diversion process succeeds in the trial stage, the Minutes and results of the Diversion shall be submitted to the Head of the District Court to make a decision on the termination of the case as for the legal action taken against the child who is a drug addict who fails to diversify, namely in the form of guidance
Sistem Keamanan Pintu dan Jendela Rumah Berbasih IoT
Authors: Kurniasih Wahyuni , Rakhman Abdul , Salamah Irma
Published: April 2021

The house is the most valuable asset, therefore security at home is also very important. Therefore a home security system is created that combines a microcontroller with an Android smartphone application. The microcontroller used is the Raspberry Pi which is equipped with a camera as a home security monitoring system and various sensors as detectors such as magnetic, PIR sensors and solenoids as automatic door locks. So if the sensors that are installed detect something at home, then the homeowner will immediately get a notification sent by the database to the smartphone application, and the homeowner can monitor the state of the house right then through photos and videos recorded by cameras that have been installed at home.
Penerapan Metode Promethee dalam Menentukan Wilayah Dengan Tingkat Kelesuhan Uang Rupiah Di Kantor Perwakilan Bank Indonesia Pematangsiantar
Authors: Dermawan Sabaruddin , Damanik Irfan Sudahri , Saragih Ilham Syahputra
Published: April 2021

The Promethee method belongs to the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem solving group which is a very important scientific discipline in decision making or a problem that has more than one criterion (multi criteria). The main objective of the PROMETHEE approach is to facilitate the decision making process by grouping decision types into 6 criteria functions that can adequately represent all types of decisions to solve everyday cases and quantify the degree of preference by using a maximum of 2 parameters that have economic characteristics significant To avoid the element of subjectivity in determining money riots, the authors try to implement a decision support system contained in PROMETHEE that is able to assist in determining the level of money riots. Decision support system is an interactive system that supports the decision making process (Kurniawan, 2015). PROMETHEE method is one method that uses the principle of outranking to solve the problem of decision making to determine the best alternative from a number of alternatives based on established criteria.
Water users associations and irrigation water use efficiency in costal oases areas of Gabes, South-eastern Tunisia
Authors:   MAHDHI Naceur, DHEHIBI Boubaker, BROKMAN Annelies, CHOUIKHI Farah
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to measure the efficiency level of Water Users Associations (WUAs) in the coastal oases of Gabès (South-Est of Tunisia) and assessing its main determinants. First, an input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to measure the relative efficiency scores of WUAs and to evaluate the management and maintenance costs sub-vectors efficiencies separately through a mathematical modification in the initial DEA specification. In a second stage, critical determinants of sub-vector efficiency are determined by applying a Tobit model. A key finding of the study is that WUAs are clearly inefficient. Results show that on average, 38% of the used inputs could be saved if the WUAs operated on the frontier. The inefficiency found can be mainly attributed to the number of water pumping stations managed, the ratio of water losses and WUAs' age. The results also show a discrepancy between the technical efficiency values calculated under the CRS and VRS assumptions, resulting in a 20% scale inefficiency. The study also revealed that the sub-vector inefficiency of WUAs is more linked with engineering inefficiencies than to their management inefficiencies.
How to foster employee satisfaction by means of coaching, motivation, emotional salary and social media skills in the agri-food value chain
Authors:   Deiyalí Angélica Carpio, PhD; Beatriz Urbano
Published: April 2021

Most employee satisfaction studies do not consider the current digital transformation of the social world. The aim of this research is to provide insight into employee satisfaction in agribusiness by means of coaching, motivation, emotional salary and social media with a value chain methodology. The model is tested empirically by analysing a survey data set of 381 observations in Spanish agribusiness firms of the agri-food value chain. The results show flexible remunerations of emotional salary are determinants of employee satisfaction. Additionally, motivation is relevant in the production within commercialisation link and coaching in the production within transformation link. Whole-of-chain employees showed the greatest satisfaction with the use of social media in personnel management. Findings also confirmed that employees will stay when a job is satisfying. This study contributes to the literature by investigating the effect of current social and digital business skills on employee satisfaction in the agri-food value chain.
Aggregate Supply Response in Algerian Agriculture: The Error Correction Model Applied to Selected Crops
Authors: Amine M. Benmehaia
Published: April 2021

This paper examines aggregate supply response of 19 selected crops in Algerian agriculture during the 1966-2018 period by employing cointegration analysis and error correction model (ECM). It tests whether there has been a long-run equilibrium relationship between agricultural outputs and prices, besides a confirmation about the responsiveness of agricultural supply to economic incentives (prices). Findings indicate that the long-run elasticities of all selected crops with respect to prices are statistically significant and mostly low, whereas short-run elasticities are lower, which appeals to the adequacy of adjustment to economic incentives. Furthermore, the results of the ECM confirmed the positive responsiveness to prices with differential rates of adjustment for selected crops, ruling out the applicability of a presumed perverse supply response in Algerian agriculture.
Assessment of the economic sustainability of an organic olive oil farm in Puglia region (Italy) under the voluntary regional quality scheme
Authors:   Francesco Bottalico, Gianluigi CARDONE, Moltine PREBIBAJ
Published: April 2021

Puglia region is the most important producer of organic olives in Italy. The study aims at assessing the economic sustainability of a selected organic olive oil farm by adopting and testing the methodology based on a scientific approach designed by CIHEAM Bari, with the aim of a group of experts from national and international research organisations, used in the Programme "Agricoltura&Qualità of Puglia Region. SWOT-analysis of quality schemes system in Puglia has been drawn. The case study concerns a traditional organic farm producing olive oil, table olives, and almonds in Puglia region. The SWOT analysis highlights that Puglia has not a fully functioning system to ensure the sustainability. However, the results prove the feasibility of the methodological approach to assess the economic sustainability. The farm is economically sustainable and can use the Economic sustainability logo, in addition to the organic and PDO logos. Per hectare, almond is the most profitable crop with higher revenue, the variable costs are higher in table olives and inputs are higher in olives for oil. The growing interest in sustainability is an important opportunity to develop the agri-food sector.
SALARY: DOES AFFECT EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE?
Authors: Darmawan Kusnanto
Published: April 2021

Work is a mandatory thing that must be done to meet human needs. People work to make ends meet. One of the necessities of life can be fulfilled by means of income, namely wages or salaries. To get wages or salaries we are required to work professionally with the consequences of getting a bigger income. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the salary on work motivation and employee performance of UD. Sido Makmur Lumajang. population is all employees at UD. Sido Makmur Lumajang, as many as 35 employees. The sampling method used in this study was saturated samples. Methods of data analysis using Simple Linear Regression. The result of this research is that there is a relationship between salary and work motivation and employee performance.
Revisión del concepto clase política y análogos en la historia del departamento de Caldas
Authors: Cruz Julio
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: artículo de Revisión que busca identificar los desarrollos teóricos del concepto clase política y análogos; además, se trata de captar las diferencias de dichos conceptos para mostrar las transformaciones de la clase política en Caldas. Metodología: se aplicó meta-análisis cualitativo de los hallazgos, los cuales derivaron de la búsqueda documental en torno a los mencionados conceptos clave, a partir de determinadas categorías y criterios de análisis. Resultados: se llegó a una definición de clase política, entendida como grupo de individuos que tienen una relación orgánica con la política e intereses directos puestos en ella; esto, independientemente de que ejerzan o no un cargo público, aunque sí el poder político, como la posibilidad de tomar decisiones que afecten a los miembros de la esfera pública. Con esta categorización se hizo un análisis de los usos de estos conceptos en Colombia y Caldas. Allí se muestran las continuidades y transformaciones de su clase política desde la Colonización Antioqueña hasta la época actual, y se especifica su configuración como grupo dirigente y el papel desempeñado en el devenir del departamento. Conclusiones: se destaca el carácter cíclico de la política caldense en relación con sus élites políticas a la luz de los acontecimientos recientes. También se confirma la afirmación clásica en cuanto a la teoría de las élites, la cual asume estas agrupaciones como una constante en todas las democracias.
Ingresos y felicidad: paradoja de Easterlin en Colombia
Authors: Botello Peñaloza Héctor Alberto , Guerrero Rincón Isaac
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: este trabajo busca comprobar la relación entre ingreso y felicidad en Colombia, haciendo especial énfasis en la linealidad de esta relación conocida en la literatura como la “paradoja de Easterlin”. Metodología: con base en los datos de la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida 2017 se constató si la población colombiana se adapta a la paradoja; es decir, si el ingreso monetario influye positivamente en el bienestar subjetivo revelado. Resultados: el modelo ordinal propuesto evidencia que el ingreso es una variable determinante de la felicidad, pero es secundaria frente a otras como la percepción del bienestar en salud, seguridad y trabajo. Estos resultados están en línea con los planteados en la paradoja y plantean desafíos de los planes de desarrollo donde un contexto integral de bienestar es el que logra incrementar la calidad de vida de los habitantes. Conclusiones: la felicidad revelada por los individuos es de tipo subjetivo, por lo tanto, puede estar influida por aspectos coyunturales al momento de la encuesta.