bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bertha Becker: uma contribuição à análise da sua concepção de Geografia, espaço e território
Authors: Saquet Marcos Aurelio , Cichoski Pâmela
Published: December 2022

Na pesquisa que realizamos, o objetivo principal foi compreender a concepção de Geografia, espaço e território na obra da professora Bertha Becker, a partir da seleção de algumas de suas principais publicações. Para tal, os procedimentos utilizados foram os seguintes: a) análise da sua trajetória histórica por meio do seu currículo lattes; b) seleção das obras que seriam estudadas; c) leitura e análise das obras; d) redação dos fichamentos e sínteses preliminares; e) discussões referentes às interpretações feitas e à metodologia utilizada; f) redação de quadros sínteses; g) redação do texto para publicação. A professora foi escolhida em virtude do seu pioneirismo no Brasil em relação aos estudos territoriais numa abordagem histórico-crítica e relacional-reticular.
Debatendo o conceito de reforma agrária: considerações sobre os tipos de assentamentos rurais no Brasil
Authors: Coca Estevan Leopoldo de Freitas
Published: December 2022

Os assentamentos rurais são a principal manifestação das políticas de reforma agrária no

Brasil. Eles não são implantados somente para beneficiar os camponeses que querem

entrar na terra, mas também para os que lutam para nela permanecer. Nesse artigo

discutimos a atualidade do conceito de reforma agrária considerando os tipos de

assentamentos rurais. Demonstramos como a reforma agrária deve ser compreendida de

maneira abrangente, considerando os diferentes tipos de camponeses beneficiários e

seus territórios.
A apropriação do Cerrado pelo agronegócio e os novos usos do território
Authors: Matos Patricia Francisca de , Pessôa Vera Lúcia Salazar
Published: December 2022

O espaço agrário das áreas de Cerrado, nos últimos quarenta anos, tem passado por inúmeras

metamorfoses, com significativos efeitos sobre suas funções e conteúdos. Essas mudanças estão

atreladas à modernização da agricultura, via agronegócio, a qual se constituiu num processo

desigual de expansão do capital. Por isso, este estudo visa analisar a territorialização do

agronegócio no Cerrado, procurando destacar o papel do Estado e do capital privado na

consolidação desse processo e, consequentemente, os novos usos do território..
Abordagens sobre o território e a territorialidade das comunidades sertanejas do Cerrado da Chapada das Mesas / MA
Authors: Marques Ana Rosa , Fernandes Maria Lídia Bueno , Bezerra José Fernando Rodrigues , Silva Quésia Duarte
Published: December 2022

Este trabalho apresenta reflexões acerca das transformações que ocorrem no sertão sul do Estado do Maranhão, município de Carolina e seu entorno. Aborda aspectos do universo cultural das populações que habitam aquele território, bem como sua relação com o meio natural. Apresenta o grupo humano tradicional - o sertanejo - que desenvolve o seu modo de vida por meio da roça para subsistência, da extração de recursos naturais do cerrado, e do trabalho com a criação de gado no sistema extensivo. Analisa a territorialidade do sertanejo impressa na paisagem por meio de sua cultura e de sua intensa convivência com o ambiente. O trabalho buscou desvelar a forma como esse grupo apropria-se do espaço e o transforma. Entretanto, este modo de vida e o meio natural são impactados na atualidade em virtude da modernização dos processos de produção relacionados ao agronegócio e da implantação do PNCM (Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas). Os procedimentos metodológicos seguiram uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa. Foi constatado que o modo de vida da comunidade é tradicional e ocorre basicamente da mesma forma com que seus antecessores, também habitantes da região, viviam e percebiam o ambiente, seja na forma de construção de suas casas, no preparo dos alimentos, das suas crenças, das suas atividades de subsistência, provocando pouca alteração na paisagem natural. Espera-se contribuir com o conhecimento e a valorização dessa cultura subsidiando as políticas de ordenamento territorial que estão em desenvolvimento nesta região.
Evaluation and mapping of rangelands degradation using Remotely Sensed Data
Authors: Ajorlo Majid
Published: December 2022

The empirical and scientifically documents prove that misuse of natural resource causes

degradation in it. So natural resources conservation is important in approaching sustainable

development aims. In current study, Landsat Thematic Mapper images and grazing gradient

method have been used to map the extent and degree of rangeland degradation. In during

ground-based data measuring, factors such as vegetation cover, litter, plant diversity, bare soil,

and stone & gravels were estimated as biophysical indicators of degradation. The next stage,

after geometric correction and doing some necessary pre-processing practices on the study

area's images; the best and suitable vegetation index has been selected to map rangeland

degradation among the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted

Vegetation Index (SAVI), and Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI). Then using suitable

vegetation index and distance parameter was produced the rangelands degradation map. The

results of ground-based data analysis reveal that there is a significant relation between

increasing distance from critical points and plant diversity and also percentage of litter. Also

there is significant relation between vegetation cover percent and distance from village, i.e.

the vegetation cover percent increases by increasing distance from villages, while it wasn't the

same around the stock watering points. The result of analysis about bare soil and distance

from critical point was the same to vegetation cover changes manner. Also there wasn't

significant relation between stones & gravels index and distance from critical points. The

results of image processing show that, NDVI appears to be sensitive to vegetation changes

along the grazing gradient and it can be suitable vegetation index to map rangeland

degradation. The degradation map shows that there is high degradation around the critical

points. These areas need urgent attention for soil conservation. Generally, it shows that the

most parts of rangelands in studying area have been degraded. So conservation priorities on

degraded rangelands have been recognized based on current degradation.
Desertification in the northeast of Brazil: the natural resources use and the land degradation
Authors: Cavalcanti Edneida Rabêlo , Coutinho Solange Fernandes Soares
Published: December 2022

The Agenda 21 and the United Nations Convention for Desertification Combat defines

desertification as the degradation of lands in arid regions, semi-arid and sub-wet dried,

resulting from various factors, among them the weather variations and the human activities.

This understanding, besides marking the geographical space to be taken into consideration,

undoes with the clearly climatic view of the question and proves that desertification has its

origin in complex interactions of physical factors, biologics, political, socials, cultural and

economics. However, it's necessary to recognize that there are generally more serious causes,

as the poverty, that leaves no alternative for the husbandmen only get from land the maximum

possible to supply the family's immediate necessity even affecting its subsistence for a long

time. In terms of world, semi-arid regions represent 1/3 of the planet's surface, where lives 1/5

of the population, more than 1 million people. Twenty-two per cent is the participation of

these areas in the production of foods. The Semi-arid of Brazil is registered as one of the

physiographic zones of the Northeast Region, representing about 57% of this territory. The

organization of the economical process, historically based on extensive cattle breeding and

agriculture, and on the existence of some products of larger importance in the market, like the

case of cotton was, always based on an agrarian structure dominated by land concentrations.

In the more diffused desertification process in the North-eastern semi-arid this pattern has

been constructed on alarming proportions, aggravated and reaffirmed by the occurrence of

periodic droughts and the peculiarities due to the systems of production that appear from this

process directly contrary to the correct manners of use of the natural resources, in option to,

where and how to develop the agricultural activities.
Identification of land use conflicts in Permanent Preservation Area in a Brazilian Amazon sub-basin
Authors: Kraeski Aline , Almeida Frederico Terra , Souza Adilson Pacheco , Carvalho Tânia Maria
Published: December 2022

The southern region of the Amazon stands out for the growing agricultural development and installation of large hydroelectric projects. Given this scenario, the objective of this study was to quantify the Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs), Permanent Preservation Areas, of the water bodies of the Teles Pires river basin according to the current legislation, checking whether there is conflict regarding the use and occupation of these areas, and then check for the occurrence of degradation and identify the environmental fragility of the area. Using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), the water bodies located in the study area were delineated and the APPs were delimited according to Law 12,651/2012. To identify the existence of conflicts within these areas, a map of land use and occupation was generated through Maximum Likelihood supervised classification, which was compared with the limits of the APPs, considering conflict areas whose land use is related to anthropic activities. Lastly, the potential and emerging fragility of the area were calculated, considering data of the slope, soil type and land cover/land use. The delimited APP comprised 3.96% of the total area of the basin and it showed a state of low degradation, with 83.83% of the area conserved under native vegetation cover and 15.93% showing conflicting type of use, with the occupation by pastures standing out, and among the APP categories mapped the headwaters were the most impacted. The spatialization of conflicts within the basin indicated that it has a very different conservation pattern, with the most critical areas concentrated in the center-east, where municipalities that have more than 40% of the APP occupied by anthropic activities are located. The north of the basin has areas with higher potential fragility, which is attenuated by the great soil protection.
A Supervised Machine Learning Model for Tool Condition Monitoring in Smart Manufacturing
Authors: S Ganeshkumar , T Deepika , Haldorai Anandakumar
Published: December 2022

In the current industry 4.0 scenario, good quality cutting tools result in a good surface finish, minimum vibrations, low power consumption, and reduction of machining time. Monitoring tool wear plays a crucial role in manufacturing quality components. In addition to tool monitoring, wear prediction assists the manufacturing systems in making tool-changing decisions. This paper introduces an industrial use case supervised machine learning model to predict the turning tool wear. Cutting forces, the surface roughness of a specimen, and flank wear of tool insert are measured for corresponding spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Those turning test datasets are applied in machine learning for tool wear predictions. The test was conducted using SNMG TiN Coated Silicon Carbide tool insert in turning of EN8 steel specimen. The dataset of cutting forces, surface finish, and flank wear is extracted from 200 turning tests with varied spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Random forest regression, Support vector regression, K Nearest Neighbour regression machine learning algorithms are used to predict the tool wear. R squared, the technique shows the random forest machine learning model predicts the tool wear of 91.82% of accuracy validated with the experimental trials. The experimental results exhibit flank wear is mainly influenced by the feed rate followed by the spindle speed and depth of cut. The reduction of flank wear with a lower feed rate can be achieved with a good surface finish of the workpiece. The proposed model may be helpful in tool wear prediction and making tool-changing decisions, which leads to achieving good quality machined components. Moreover, the machine learning model is adaptable for industry 4.0 and cloud environments for intelligent manufacturing systems.
Development of an In house Computer Code for the Simulation of Detonation Shock Dynamics in Underwater Explosion Scenario
Authors: Chellapandi P , Rao C Lakshmana
Published: December 2022

Detonation Shock Dynamics (DSD), involved in an underwater explosion scenario is numerically simulated by an in-house computer code, ‘DSSDYN’. The simulation is based on Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) theory, formulated in Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian frame work. Specifically, the propagation of detonation front is simulated with‘Burn Fraction Model’. The classical burn fraction model is improved for achieving better computational efficiency. The simulation capability of DSS-DYN is demonstrated through a case study on explosion of PETN charge under the deep-water medium.Through this study, the salient features of DSD with better insight have been brought out. Besides, the physical parameters, such as work potential of PETN, are predicted efficiently.The apportionment of energy distributions indicates that about 70 % of chemical energy of explosive is transmitted to the surrounding water that is the major contribution of damage potential of the explosive. The predictions of peak velocity and peak pressure values by DSS-DYN and LS-DYNA show satisfactory comparison.DSS-DYN consumes lesser computational time (~1h), compared to LS-DYNA (~3h).
Online language teacher education and active learning through CALL and ICALL
Authors: Carloni Giovanna
Published: December 2022

This essay illustrates how an online language education course, implemented within an online language teacher education programme offered at master’s level at an Italian university, was designed to foster pre-service teachers’ active learning through digitally-enhanced activities. The course was developed within a community of inquiry framework and from a socio-constructivist perspective. The online course adopted a flipped learning approach. Pre-service teachers carried out asynchronous digitally-enhanced activities individually and collaboratively before class and synchronous technology-enhanced collaborative activities during live classes. Pre-service teachers thus engaged in active learning throughout the course.
Does participating in a telecollaborative project foster the acquisition
of apologies? Insights from the English for specific purposes
context
Authors: Di Sarno-García Sofia
Published: December 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate whether telecollaboration is a
suitable environment for the acquisition of the speech act of apologies.
Participants were aerospace engineering students from the Universitat
Politècnica de València (Spain) who performed six open role-plays to elicit
apologies. The Control Group (CG, n=17) carried out the task in pairs with
their Spanish classmates in a Face-To-Face (FTF) setting, while the
Experimental Group (EG, n=7) conducted the task with first language (L1) or
highly proficient speakers of English from the University of Bath (UK)
through synchronous Zoom sessions. The results of the descriptive analysis
revealed a higher tendency of improvement in the EG, which also used a
higher number of strategies compared to the CG. Findings from the
quantitative analysis carried out through an Eta coefficient revealed a
significant correlation (r=.71) between the number of strategies used and
the modality where they were performed.
Learning episodes in an intercultural virtual exchange: the case of
social high-immersion virtual reality
Authors: Jauregi-Ondarra Kristi , Christoforou Maria , Boglou Dimitrios
Published: December 2022

Computer-mediated communication tools facilitate international
collaboration projects between foreign language learners and peers abroad
(O’Dowd, 2018). Social Virtual Reality (VR) applications allow for
synchronous interactions and task-based communication in which learners can
experience telepresence and immersion and conversate in a foreign language.
Based on previous pilot experiences (Jauregi-Ondarra, Gruber, & Canto,
2020, 2021), this Virtual Exchange (VE) project aims to investigate how the
specific affordances of Social High-immersion VR (SHiVR) in conjunction with
designed tasks influence interaction patterns, and learning episodes. The VE
took place between two groups of university students in the Netherlands
(N=15) and Cyprus (N=14) through SHiVR in March 2022. The main aims of the
tasks were to raise student intercultural awareness, stimulate task-based
communication processes using English as a lingua franca and digital
pedagogical competences of language education students. Different sources of
data were gathered and analysed. In this paper, we describe and present the
pedagogical experience and the initial results.
A telecollaborative study of university students in Spain and Sri Lanka
using the Soqqle video app
Authors: Manegre Marni , Udeshinee Piyumi
Published: December 2022

This study addresses interculturality and Intercultural Competence (IC)
by connecting university students in Spain and Sri Lanka through the use of
the Soqqle app, an education-based video app. The students were asked to
create five videos independently using English as a lingua franca and upload
each video to the app related to the assigned tasks. The goal of this study
is to determine whether creating videos increases the IC of the students and
whether the video creation activities enhance the students’ English as a
Foreign Language (EFL) listening and speaking skills. The students were
given a pre-questionnaire at the onset and post-questionnaire at the
conclusion of this study. The results show that the students increased in
their cultural knowledge from the pre- to post-questionnaire. Additionally,
the students reported that their Foreign Languages (FL) skills increased,
and they generally enjoyed participating in this study.
Teacher attitudes toward online assessment in challenging times
Authors: Vurdien Ruby , Puranen Pasi
Published: December 2022

This paper explores and reports on teacher attitudes toward online
assessment in foreign language teaching and learning in Spain and Finland.
During the pandemic, teachers have had to face serious challenges, such as
the method to be adopted, task design or handling student feedback, in order
to ensure effective student assessment. They have had to find completely new
ways to assess their students. A qualitative approach was adopted and data
were gathered from a questionnaire shared on Google form, which was
completed by 23 teachers from Spain and 11 from Finland. The aim was to
examine (1) the advantages and disadvantages of using online assessment
tools to measure students’ progress, and (2) the participants’ perceptions
of their experience of assessing their students online. The findings show
that while online assessment tools, especially quiz apps, provide instant
feedback and correction for students and teachers, it is difficult to
control what tools students might be using to support their learning and/or
assessment assignments.
Indonesia’s G20 Presidency 2022: Connecting Soft Power and Digital Diplomacy Practice on Instagram
Authors: Intentilia Anak Agung Mia
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this paper is to answer two research questions. The first one is how Indonesia utilizes culture as the soft power resource in G20 Presidency 2022 and the second one is the practice of Indonesia’s digital diplomacy on Instagram in G20 Presidency 2022. This research utilizes two conceptual frameworks, the concept of soft power and its cultural element, as well as the concept of public and digital diplomacy. The methodology used in this paper is a qualitative method. The primary data are gathered from Indonesia’s government statements and an official Instagram account that has been verified, @indonesia.g20, as a purposive sample. The secondary data of this article are taken from academic journals and e-books. All data used in this research are limited from December 2021 until May 2022 as part of the early phase of Indonesia’s G20 Presidency. The findings of this research are: (i) Indonesia uses the element of culture as part of promoting its soft power at the global stage through G20 by using cultural element in the G20 Presidency logo; (ii) the strategic issues regarding culture are combined with performances to showcase the variety of Indonesia’s cultural actors and communities; (iii) the practice of digital diplomacy, in terms of agenda-setting, has used three methods to spread information regarding the G20 agendas: by providing technical information, explaining substantive messages of G20 priority areas, and inviting active engagement through quizzes on G20 issues; and (iv) digital diplomacy on @indonesia.g20 Instagram account has covered the involvement of non-state actors.
Budaya Maritim dan Diplomasi Maritim untuk Kepentingan Nasional
Authors: Hanggarini Peni , Madjid M. Adnan , Perwita Anak Agung Banyu , Wiranto Surya
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses how pillars in Indonesia’s vision of Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) are interrelated, particularly maritime culture and maritime diplomacy. These two pillars need to be implemented as an entity concept. Previous literatures have mainly discussed how each of the pillars contribute to the realization of GMF vision. Based on the perspectives of International Relations theory, this paper explains how maritime culture can influence the formulation of strategy and implementation of Indonesia’s maritime diplomacy. The authors argue that the pillars of maritime culture and maritime diplomacy are reflection of the national interests supporting the GMF vision. Additionally, the embedded maritime culture in Indonesian society can have positive implications for the inputs, processes, outputs, and outcomes of maritime diplomacy. If maritime culture can be managed, it would serve as an instrument of soft power, it would construct the national identity and it would drive the creation of regional security governance, maritime norms and regime that could serve as facilitating factors for the achievement of national interests through Indonesia’s maritime diplomacy. The pillar of maritime culture is the root of maritime diplomacy for achieving national interests.
Can the district development model deliver development in South African local governments?
Authors: Nel Verna , Minnie Stephanus
Published: December 2022

With the advent of democracy in South Africa, local government was targeted for transformation to be more representative of and responsive to local communities’ needs. Boundaries were extended such that all areas in the country fell within a municipality. In addition to providing essential services such as water and sanitation, municipalities must promote social and economic development. They must also prepare an Integrated Development Plan that informs the municipality’s activities, budget and should ensure focussed and coordinated delivery of services.

However, local government has been plagued with severe problems such as a lack of capacity and resources, poor governance and limited intergovernmental and intra-municipal coordination. President Ramaphosa (Current term 2018–2023) in his 2019 budget speech announced a District Development Model (DDM) intended to spatialise and coordinate government interventions and support municipalities in response to these issues. This paper describes the challenges facing local government and outlines the DDM concept and its rationale in the context of these challenges. We consider the potential of this model to improve the performance of local government, improve spatial governance and promote social and economic development. We conclude that the DDM may not be sucessful as it does not address the core problems of local government. A candid review of the current concept of local government, its powers, responsibilities, capacities and relationships is required.
Contextualised guidelines and indicators for smart and sustainable urban project definition at local level in developing countries
Authors: Schroeder Stella , Fernandez Trinidad , Stöffler Sonja
Published: December 2022

Cities are undergoing significant transformations and face substantial challenges due to climate change and rapid urbanisation. Consequently, planning strategies around smart and sustainable urban development are key to addressing some of the most pressing challenges, such as climate change mitigation and adaptation, and improving resource efficiency. However, local governments have limited financial resources to achieve their development goals, and many times no criteria of sustainability are followed to define local projects. In this sense, it is necessary to include sustainable indicators that help local governments; in order to allow an efficient use of resources, ensure a greater impact and benefit for the citizens and residents of the area of intervention, as well as consolidate with them the established policy guidelines. This research is based on the work of MGI Morgenstadt Global Smart Cities Initiative in Piura-Peru, a project funded by the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU), with the primary objective to mitigate the consequences of climate change in the pilot cities, increase their resilience to climate risks, and preserve their natural resources. As part of this broader project, this paper seeks to define valuable contribution to sustainable principles oriented for the definition of urban development projects within the framework of the elaboration of the Metropolitan Development Plan Piura – Catacaos – Castilla – Veintiséis of Octubre 2020–2040. It explores the potential of science-based frameworks that consider sustainable aspects in the description of the project idea and strategies at the local level and provide relevant sustainability indicators for the measurement of the project scope regarding its outcomes and impacts. The methodology contributes to generating projects to transform Piura into a model city of ecological, economic and social sustainability, with accessible public spaces, adequate urban infrastructure designed for its inhabitants.
Dark Academia: Curating Affective History in a COVID-Era Internet Aesthetic
Authors: Adriaansen Robbert-Jan
Published: December 2022

Dark academia is an ‘internet aesthetic,’ an aesthetic style used in posts on platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, and Tumblr that resonates the atmosphere of life in boarding schools, prep schools, and (Ivy League) colleges from the last decades of the nineteenth century up until the 1940s. It expresses a fascination with (neo-)gothic architecture; with tweed, lace, wool, and leather; with literature and art, and Romantic longing. Having been a main trend on social media platforms throughout the coronavirus pandemic, dark academia captures and facilitates cultural engagement in times of social isolation and closed college campuses. This article studies the dark academia aesthetic as a mnemonic curatorial practice with tendencies to counter hegemonic norms and narratives. Focusing on the affective dimensions of dark academia, this article argues that the aim of this internet aesthetic is to annul historical distance by capturing a mood and atmosphere associated with early twentieth-century campuses through the means of curated social media representations. This de-historicization allows for the renegotiation of values, like inscribing queerness – associated with secret queer romantics at gender-divided schools – into its representational language, without having to reassert historical gender binaries.
β-Elemene regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and inhibits invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Deng Heng , Chen Guo , Zhang Jun
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To study the inhibitory effect of β-elemene on invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells and its possible mechanism.

Methods

Human colon cancer HCT116 cells were treated with different concentrations of β-elemene. The proliferation inhibition rate of the cells was detected by MTT assay, cell migration rate was detected by scratched assay, and cell invasion rate was evaluated by Transwell cell invasion assay. The expressions of Vimentin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin were detected by Western blotting. The mRNA expressions of Vimentin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin were detected by real-time PCR.

Results

Compared with the control group, the expressions of migration rate, invasion rate, scratch healing rate, N-cadherin, and Vimentin protein of HCT116 cells were decreased after β-elemene treatment, while the expression of E-cadherin protein was increased, and the inhibition rate of cell proliferation was increased (p<0.05).

Conclusions

β-Elemene may inhibit cell proliferation and invasion and metastasis by inhibiting EMT signaling pathway in human colon cancer cell line HCT116.
Stem-cell therapy in neonates – an option?
Authors: Wellmann Sven
Published: December 2022

Within the fast-growing field of regenerative medicine stem-cell therapy is well established in various hematologic and immunologic diseases and has received a recent substantial boost from the introduction of gene editing and gene transfer technologies. In neonates, for example, regenerative medicine may benefit those with congenital or acquired disease due to prematurity or perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. We compare and contrast the two main approaches – autologous vs. allogeneic – and summarize the recent advances and applications of interventional stem-cell research in perinatally acquired disorders such as intraventricular hemorrhage, hypoxia-ischemia and stroke. After discussing stem-cell sources and routes of administration, we conclude by highlighting the key opportunities and obstacles in this exciting field.
Über Gefahren der Ausdruckslosigkeit und den schönen Schein
Authors: Ebert Helmut
Published: December 2022

This paper argues for extending the methods of rhetorical and stylistic analysis. The aim is to explore the analytical power of epistemological semantics and psychohistorical fantasy-analysis according to the classical categories logos, ethos, and pathos. This approach is applied to the acceptance speech of German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier, reelected for a second term in February 2022.
Visuelle Rhetorik zwischen Theorie und Praxis
Authors: Kirjuchina Viktoria , Grundnigg Thomas
Published: December 2022

Rhetoric is based on the observation of successful persuasion with words. In the 1960 s, structuralists put new hope into the art of persuasion’s body of knowledge to unveil the mechanisms of mass communication. Rhetoric should become a cultural model for visual literacy. A brief inventory of applied visual rhetoric in higher education (Germany, Switzerland, Austria) reveals the gap between academic fidelity and design practice that – to date – weakens the potential of what was envisioned 70 years ago: a fruitful integration of theory and practice to equip producers and consumers of visual artefacts with the frameworks and vocabularies needed to navigate increasingly ambiguous and complex media. Applied rhetoric not only increases the actionable space and responsible use of the persuasive power of visual communication, but also facilitates connectivity across disciplines. An example demonstrates how rhetoric can be implemented in design education by putting applicability and added value in the center.
Prosodic structure revisited: the need to disentangle rhythm from intonation
Authors: Delais-Roussarie Elisabeth
Published: December 2022

It is well established that speech flow is segmented into prosodic chunks which are crucial for accurately interpreting utterances. Since the eighties, several proposals have been formulated, mostly withinProsodic Structure Theoryand theAutosegmental Metrical Model, to account for how prosodic chunks are derived and organised. These theoretical frameworks usually consider prosodic units as phonological primitives and domains within which segmental and suprasegmental phenomena are analysed. Due to the variability observed in the chunking obtained, which partly results from the various criteria used to derive these prosodic units, their exact nature and status can be questioned. In this contribution, it will be argued that prosodic structure and the chunks observed are best analysed as resulting from two types of structure-creating mechanisms, intonation and its relation to meaning on the one hand, and rhythm and its manifestations in languages on the other. This proposal is based on an analysis of French, a language with a strong syncretism between accentuation, metrical patterns and intonation.
Herz-loser Pinocchio: Carlo Collodi und die Fiktionalisierung des italienischen nation building
Authors: Ubbidiente Roberto
Published: December 2022

Starting from the most varied interpretations to which Collodi’s masterpiece has been subjected, the present study proposes a reading from a socio-political point of view that, compared with De Amicis’ Cuore, highlights the opposite opinion of the two authors regarding the possibility (and the will) of the Italian people to realize the foundation of a nation following the unification of their country. At the end of the study, a working hypothesis is presented as a reading of Pinocchio as “Pinocchieide” and proposed as a parody (and overturning) of the Virgilian poem as the founding of the natio romana.
„Faux comme un diamant du Canada“
Authors: Demeulenaere Alex
Published: December 2022

The European travel narratives that follow the discovery of the New World have already been extensively studied, from historical, anthropological and literary perspectives. However, we would like to reread them from the perspective of the tension between a “marvellous possession” (Greenblatt 1991) and a more profound failure. The early travelogues show a complex discursive architecture with a textual subject facing an absolute Other, seeking to establish on the one hand an analogy based on a reassuring fictional intertextual horizon and on the other an exaggeration of otherness, symbolised by anthropophagy and monstrosity. If, as Todorov (1982) thinks, such an architecture was indispensable to the enterprise of conquest, it is nevertheless at the root of a triple failure. If the undeniable intercultural failure has already been widely studied, we will develop two others: the failure of the genre of the travelogue from the Middle Ages as an interpretative matrix, and, more profoundly, the failure of a Western knowledge paradigm, which will be shown in an exemplary way by the criticisms of las Casas and Montaigne.
Narration der Resilienz – Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vacas Naufragios (1542/1749)
Authors: Temelli Yasmin
Published: December 2022

This article examines the extent to which Cabeza de Vaca’s Naufragios display a specific textuality which can be described as a narration of resilience. The focus is on how Cabeza de Vaca portrays himself and his environment in retrospective, which events (for example, anthropophagy among Spaniards) he selects for his (micro‑)narrative(s), how he frames them and to what extent literary means are used. Of specific interest are possible models of affect and questions about the constitution of space and time. It will be shown that Cabeza de Vaca exhibits a manifest potential for adaptation, acting in the face of highly aversive living conditions. In the face of permanent threats, Cabeza de Vaca builds up the capacity for change – his relación is characterised by a high degree of resilience.
Deconstructivism, postmodernism and their offspring: disorders of our time
Authors: Edwards John
Published: December 2022

Our interest should always be aroused when scholars reject the testable approaches that have underwritten scientific development since the seventeenth century. Academic excursions in the arts and humanities need not adhere to scientific benchmarks, of course, and discussions relevant to science that are presented there need not always be subject to rigorous examination. When investigations move into social-science territory, however, more focused attention is called for. Since the scholars discussed in this paper clearly think of themselves as social scientists, it is quite legitimate to subject their investigations to scientific scrutiny and logical analysis. This article briefly describes contemporary investigations and research paradigms characterized by unnecessary neologisms, flatulent jargon, fuzzy thinking, and unconvincing arguments about the discovery of new territory in well-ploughed ground.
The macrosociolinguistics of language contact
Authors: Sippola Eeva
Published: December 2022

This contribution provides an overview of macrosociolinguistic approaches to the study of language contact, with a focus on contact languages. It addresses the current state of the art and future of the field. It also reflects on the global inequalities of power in the study of contact languages and the ways in which research on contact languages can serve as a model for North-South cooperation. Studies on contact languages and their histories of formation show how power and prestige are tightly connected to demographic factors and the political, economic, and ideological frameworks that mold language structures. They also inform us about the mechanisms that seemingly exert an influence on the correlations between structural and extra-linguistic factors. New areas of comparative inquiry with large datasets, new methods and varied contexts continue to diversify and further our understanding of the macrosociolinguistics of contact. These advances require a dialogue with other focus areas of sociolinguistics and a critical, self-reflective approach to the epistemological basis of the field.
Superdiversity and its explanatory limits
Authors: May Stephen
Published: December 2022

Superdiversity is a key term that has taken hold in macro sociolinguistic commentary over the last decade. It has been used to explore the increasing linguistic diversity, particularly in major urban centres in the West, brought about by changing patterns of migration and transmigration. Within sociolinguistics, this has led to an increasing focus on the complex multilingualism that can now be found in diverse urban contexts. The focus on multilingualism that superdiversity brings is a welcome, albeit belated, recognition of the normalcy of mutilingualism, thus challenging the inherent monolingualism still underpinning much language policy, pedagogy, and practice. However, the rise of superdiversity as a theoretical framework has also led to an increasingly deconstructivist view of languages by its proponents – questioning and/or rejecting distinctions between so called named languages, particularly national languages, while also critiquing standard language registers.

In this commentary, I outline the benefits that superdiversity has brought to sociolinguistics over the last decade but also highlight, and critique, its explanatory limits. The latter include, among others, its ahistoricity, its almost exclusive focus on migrants in urban contexts, its dimissal of non-urban, often Indigenous, language contexts, and its rejection of language rights and standard language varieties.
Mensch-Algorithmus-Hybride als (Quasi-)Organisationen? Zu Verantwortung und Verantwortlichkeit von digitalen Kollektivakteuren
Authors: Beckers Anna , Teubner Gunther
Published: December 2022

Modelle individueller Verantwortlichkeit für die Handlungen von Algorithmen versagen dann, wenn eine Mensch-Algorithmus-Assoziation selbst als Handlungseinheit in den Blick gerät. In manchen Situationen sind menschliche und algorithmische Handlungen derart eng miteinander verwoben, dass keine lineare Verbindung zwischen den emergenten Kollektiven und den komplexen Interaktionen der individuellen Handlungseinheiten mehr besteht. In solchen kollektiven Entscheidungssequenzen lässt sich auch keine individuelle Verantwortlichkeit mehr zurechnen. Deshalb bedarf es einer neuen Perspektive auf Mensch-Algorithmus-Assoziationen, die ihre emergenten Eigenschaften und ihren organisationalen Charakter erfasst, um angemessene Modelle kollektiver Verantwortlichkeit zu entwickeln. Der Artikel sucht Antworten auf die folgenden Fragen: Wie kann die Begegnung zwischen Mensch und Algorithmus innerhalb einer solchen sozio-technischen Konfiguration theoretisch angemessen erfasst werden? Lässt sich die Konfiguration als hybrides Kollektiv verstehen? Können der Konfiguration selbst als personifiziertem Kollektivakteur Handlungen zugerechnet werden? Welche Verantwortlichkeitsformen dürften für Mensch-Algorithmus-Assoziationen institutionalisiert werden – zentralisierte oder distribuierte Kollektivverantwortlichkeiten?
Programmiertes Entscheiden: Begriffsgeschichtliche Anmerkungen
Authors: Lukas Ernst
Published: December 2022

Das begriffliche Instrumentarium von Herbert A. Simon und Niklas Luhmann zu Entscheidungsprämissen und Entscheidungsprogrammen wird vergleichend untersucht. Luhmann bezieht sich zwar explizit auf Simon, durch eine unterschiedliche Theorieanlage entsteht aber eine Sinnverschiebung. Simons Theoriebildung ist auf eine empirische Analyse menschlichen Verhaltens angelegt und verfolgt das ambitionierte softwaretechnische Projekt der Modellierung von Heuristiken in einem „General Problem Solver.“ Luhmanns Theoriekonstruktion ist dagegen am Vorbild juristischen Entscheidens orientiert. Gerade dadurch gelingt es ihm aber, eine neue soziologische Perspektive auf Entscheidungen in Organisationen zu eröffnen, die für aktuelle Diskussionen zum „automated decision making“ genutzt werden kann.
Algorithms, Efficiency and the Two Faces of Courts – A Case Study of the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice (STJ)
Authors: Hedler Luisa
Published: December 2022

The implementation of algorithms in Courts promises to bring an increase in efficiency to a legal system which is seen as slow and overburdened, but both the literature and governments are aware that there are potential risks of unwanted consequences to the functioning of the legal system. This paper is a case study of how the Brazilian Superior Tribunal of Justice (STJ) justifies the introduction of algorithms into their case management operations, articulating different notions of efficiency as they do so. Analyzing accounts in multiple sources, it is observed how the STJ self-describes these multiple roles, both as part of the legal system and its role as an organization which is part of the public administration – especially when trying to justify these changes to other government agencies, the legal community and society in general. The article shows that the STJ emphasizes its role in the legal system as an initial justification in official accounts, but largely emphasizes managerial gains internally, avoiding engaging with potential risks by preserving the moment of decision-making as exclusive of the judge.
Factors influencing recovery of upper limb motor function during constraint-induced movement therapy for people with stroke
Authors: Abdullahi Auwal , Sabo Bishir , Badaru Umaru Muhammad , Saeys Wim , Truijen Steven
Published: December 2022

Objective

The aim of this study is to determine the personal and clinical factors that can predict recovery of motor function in people with stroke.

Methods

Characteristics of the study participants such as age, sex, time since stroke and type of stroke, motor function, shoulder pain, amount and quality of use of the affected limb in the real world, wrist and elbow spasticity, handedness, central post-stroke pain and dose of massed practice were recorded. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression.

Results

A total of 144 patients with stroke with mean age, 58.71 ± 19.90 years participated in the study. The result showed that, the whole model significantly explained the total variance by 88.4%, F(14, 144) = 32.870, R
2 = 0. 0.781, p < 0.001. However, in the final model, only four independent variables in the order of degree of predictability, amount of use of the limb in the real world (Beta = 0.455, p = 0.003), intensity of practice during rehabilitation session (Beta = 0.321, p < 0.001), wrist spasticity (Beta = 0.148, p = 0.004) and side affected (Beta = 0.093, p = 0.033) significantly predicted recovery of motor function.

Conclusion

Encouraging the use of the limb in the real world may be more important than practice during rehabilitation session in the clinic or in the laboratory.
The Sayburç reliefs: a narrative scene from the Neolithic
Authors: Özdoğan Eylem
Published: December 2022

A wall relief, comprising five figures carved on a bench in a communal building dating to the ninth millennium BC, was found in south-eastern Turkey in 2021. It constitutes the earliest known depiction of a narrative ‘scene’, and reflects the complex relationship between humans, the natural world and the animal life that surrounded them during the transition to a sedentary lifestyle.
Changes in Clinical Process as a Result of Online Therapy: Findings from a Single Case Study
Authors: Negri Attà , Christian Christopher
Published: December 2022

Introduction: This study examined changes in the clinical interaction in a single clinical dyad between sessions conducted in person and sessions conducted remotely, applying linguistic indicators based on multiple code and referential process theory.

Methods: Sessions from an ongoing psychotherapy of a male patient in his late 30s were audio-recorded and transcribed. Linguistic indicators, including the Weighted Referential Activity Dictionary (WRAD), were scored, and graphed using the Discourse Attributes Analysis Program (DAAP). The sessions included 8 sessions immediately before online work, 10 sessions immediately following the implementation of online work, and 12 sessions collected several months after the clinical dyad had been working remotely.

Results: A comparison of in-person sessions to telehealth sessions shows that the patient spoke more in post-telehealth sessions but with decreased emotional engagement, as evidenced by a decrease in WRAD. The therapist appeared to be working harder to communicate that he was listening as evidenced by an increase in the measure of non-turn vocalizations (interjections such as hmm).

Discussion: It appears that both patient and therapist were working harder to remain connected and communicate that they were present but with limited emotional engagement. This pattern remained unaltered at a 2-month followup. The findings address empirically the subjective experience of many clinicians who have switched to remote treatment. Implications for the future of remote therapy are discussed.