bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple Patterns of Forest Disturbance and Logging Shape Forest Landscapes in Paragominas, Brazil
Authors: Tritsch Isabelle , Sist Plinio , Narvaes Igor , Mazzei Lucas , Blanc Lilian , Bourgoin Clément , Cornu Guillaume , Gond Valery
Published: December 2016

In the Brazilian Amazon, multiple logging activities are undergoing, involving different actors and interests. They shape a disturbance gradient bound to the intensity and frequency of logging, and forest management techniques. However, until now, few studies have been carried out at the landscape scale taking into account these multiple types of logging and this disturbance gradient. Here we address this issue of how to account for the multiple logging activities shaping the current forest landscape. We developed an inexpensive and efficient remote sensing methodology based on Landsat imagery to detect and track logging activity based on the monitoring of canopy openings. Then, we implemented a set of remote sensing indicators to follow the different trajectories of forest disturbance through time. Using these indicators, we emphasized five major spatial and temporal disturbance patterns occurring in the municipality of Paragominas (State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon), from well-managed forests to highly over-logged forests. Our disturbance indicators provide observable evidence for the difference between legal and illegal patterns, with some illegal areas having suffered more than three explorations in fifteen years. They also clearly underlined the efficiency of Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) techniques applied under Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) guidelines to reduce the logging impacts in terms of canopy openings. For these reasons, we argue the need to promote legal certified logging to conserve forests, as without them, many actors mine the forest resources without any concerns for future stocks. Finally, our remote tracking methodology, which produces easy to interpret disturbance indicators, could be a real boon to forest managers, including for conservationists working in protected areas and stakeholders dealing with international trade rules such as RBUE (Wood regulation of European Union) or FLEGT (Forest Law for Enforcement, Governance and Trade).
Association of School District Policies for Radon Testing and Radon-Resistant New Construction Practices with Indoor Radon Zones
Authors: Foster Stephanie , Everett Jones Sherry
Published: December 2016

Radon is a naturally occurring, colorless, odorless, and tasteless radioactive gas. Without testing, its presence is unknown. Using nationally representative data from the 2012 School Health Policies and Practices Study, we examined whether the prevalence of school district policies for radon testing and for radon-resistant new construction practices varied by district location in relation to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Map of Radon Zones. Among school districts located in counties with high predicted average indoor radon, 42.4% had policies for radon testing and 37.5% had policies for radon-resistant new construction practices. These findings suggest a critical need for improved awareness among policy makers regarding potential radon exposure for both students and school staff.
Rat Aquaporin-5 Is pH-Gated Induced by Phosphorylation and Is Implicated in Oxidative Stress
Authors: Rodrigues Claudia , Mósca Andreia , Martins Ana , Nobre Tatiana , Prista Catarina , Antunes Fernando , Cipak Gasparovic Ana , Soveral Graça
Published: December 2016

Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a membrane water channel widely distributed in human tissues that was found up-regulated in different tumors and considered implicated in carcinogenesis in different organs and systems. Despite its wide distribution pattern and physiological importance, AQP5 short-term regulation was not reported and mechanisms underlying its involvement in cancer are not well defined. In this work, we expressed rat AQP5 in yeast and investigated mechanisms of gating, as well as AQP5’s ability to facilitate H2O2 plasma membrane diffusion. We found that AQP5 can be gated by extracellular pH in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, with higher activity at physiological pH 7.4. Moreover, similar to other mammalian AQPs, AQP5 is able to increase extracellular H2O2 influx and to affect oxidative cell response with dual effects: whereas in acute oxidative stress conditions AQP5 induces an initial higher sensitivity, in chronic stress AQP5 expressing cells show improved cell survival and resistance. Our findings support the involvement of AQP5 in oxidative stress and suggest AQP5 modulation by phosphorylation as a novel tool for therapeutics.
Effect of the CRAC Peptide, VLNYYVW, on mPTP Opening in Rat Brain and Liver Mitochondria
Authors: Azarashvili Tamara , Krestinina Olga , Baburina Yulia , Odinokova Irina , Akatov Vladimir , Beletsky Igor , Lemasters John , Papadopoulos Vassilios
Published: December 2016

The translocator protein (TSPO; 18 kDa) is a high-affinity cholesterol-binding protein located in the outer membrane of mitochondria. A domain in the C-terminus of TSPO was characterized as the cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus (CRAC). The ability of the CRAC domain to bind to cholesterol led us to hypothesize that this peptide may participate in the regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability. Herein, we report the effect of the synthetic CRAC peptide, VLNYYVW, on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. It was found that the CRAC peptide alone prevents the mPTP from opening, as well as the release of apoptotic factors (cytochrome c, AIF, and EndoG) in rat brain mitochondria (RBM). Co-incubation of CRAC, together with the TSPO drug ligand, PK 11195, resulted in the acceleration of mPTP opening and in the increase of apoptotic factor release. VLNYYVW did not induce swelling in rat liver mitochondria (RLM). 3,17,19-androsten-5-triol (19-Atriol; an inhibitor of the cholesterol-binding activity of the CRAC peptide) alone and in combination with the peptide was able to stimulate RLM swelling, which was Ca2+- and CsA-sensitive. Additionally, a combination of 19-Atriol with 100 nM PK 11195 or with 100 µM PK 11195 displayed the opposite effect: namely, the addition of 19-Atriol with 100 µM PK 11195 in a suspension of RLM suppressed the Ca2+-induced swelling of RLM by 40%, while the presence of 100 nM PK 11195 with 19-Atriol enhanced the swelling of RLM by 60%. Taken together, these data suggest the participation of the TSPO’s CRAC domain in the regulation of permeability transition.
Technical Developments and Clinical Use of Telemedicine in Sleep Medicine
Authors: Bruyneel Marie
Published: December 2016

The use of assistive technology and telemedicine is likely to continue to shape our medical practice in the future, notably in the field of sleep medicine, especially within developed countries. Currently, the number of people suffering from obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is increasing. Telemedicine (TM) can be used in a variety of ways in sleep medicine: telediagnostics, teleconsultation, teletherapy and telemonitoring of patients being treated with positive pressure devices. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent scientific progresses of these techniques and their potential clinical applications and give consideration to the remaining problems related to TM application.
Anti-Fatigue Effect by Peptide Fraction from Protein Hydrolysate of Croceine Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) Swim Bladder through Inhibiting the Oxidative Reactions including DNA Damage
Authors: Zhao Yu-Qin , Zeng Li , Yang Zui-Su , Huang Fang-Fang , Ding Guo-Fang , Wang Bin
Published: December 2016

The swim bladder of the croceine croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) was believed to have good curative effects in various diseases, including amnesia, insomnia, dizziness, anepithymia, and weakness after giving birth, in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there is no research focusing on the antioxidant and anti-fatigue peptides from croceine croaker swim bladders at present. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the bioactivities of peptide fractions from the protein hydrolysate of croceine croaker related to antioxidant and anti-fatigue effects. In the study, swim bladder peptide fraction (SBP-III-3) was isolated from the protein hydrolysate of the croceine croaker, and its antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities were measured using in vitro and in vivo methods. The results indicated that SBP-III-3 exhibited good scavenging activities on hydroxyl radicals (HO•) (EC50 (the concentration where a sample caused a 50% decrease of the initial concentration of HO•) = 0.867 mg/mL), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH•) (EC50 = 0.895 mg/mL), superoxide anion radical ( O 2 − •) (EC50 = 0.871 mg/mL), and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical (ABTS+•) (EC50 = 0.346 mg/mL). SBP-III-3 also showed protective effects on DNA damage in a concentration-effect manner and prolonged the swimming time to exhaustion of Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice by 57.9%–107.5% greater than that of the control. SBP-III-3 could increase the levels of muscle glucose (9.4%–115.2% increase) and liver glycogen (35.7%–157.3%), and decrease the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactic acid (LA), and malondialdehyde (MDA) by 16.4%–22.4%, 13.9%–20.1%, and 28.0%–53.6%, respectively. SBP-III-3 also enhanced the activity of lactic dehydrogenase to scavenge excessive LA for slowing the development of fatigue. In addition, SBP-III-3 increased the activities superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase to reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage in mice. In conclusion, SBP-III-3 possessed good anti-fatigue capacities on mice by inhibiting the oxidative reactions and provided an important basis for developing the swim bladder peptide functional food.
Process-Oriented Review of Bacterial Quorum Quenching for Membrane Biofouling Mitigation in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs)
Authors: Bouayed Naila , Dietrich Nicolas , Lafforgue Christine , Lee Chung-Hak , Guigui Christelle
Published: December 2016

Quorum Quenching (QQ) has been developed over the last few years to overcome practical issues related to membrane biofouling, which is currently the major difficulty thwarting the extensive development of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). QQ is the disruption of Quorum Sensing (QS), cell-to-cell communication enabling the bacteria to harmonize their behavior. The production of biofilm, which is recognized as a major part of the biocake formed on a membrane surface, and which leads to biofouling, has been found to be one of the bacterial behaviors controlled by QS. Since the enzymatic disruption of QS was reported to be efficient as a membrane biofouling mitigation technique in MBRs, the application of QQ to lab-scale MBRs has been the subject of much research using different approaches under different operating conditions. This paper gives an overview of the effectiveness of QQ in mitigating membrane biofouling in MBRs. It is based on the results of previous studies, using two microbial strains, Rhodococcus sp. BH4 and Pseudomonas sp. 1A1. The effect of bacterial QQ on the physical phenomena of the MBR process is analyzed, adopting an original multi-scale approach. Finally, the potential influence of the MBR operating conditions on QQ effectiveness is discussed.
Treated Seawater as a Magnesium Source for Phosphorous Recovery from Wastewater—A Feasibility and Cost Analysis
Authors: Quist-Jensen Cejna , Koustrup Jørgensen Mads , Christensen Morten
Published: December 2016

Conventional resources of phosphorous are at high risk of depletion in the near future due to current practices of its exploitation, thus new and improved exploration methodologies need to be developed to ensure phosphorous security. Today, some treatment plants recover phosphorous from municipal wastewater as struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O). Magnesium is often added to the wastewater as MgCl2·6H2O to facilitate the phosphorous recovery. However, the use of magnesium increases the costs of the process and is not aligned with sustainable development, therefore, alternative magnesium sources have to be found. The current study analyzes the feasibility of integrated membrane processes for magnesium recovery from seawater for utilization in the phosphorous recovery process. The integrated membrane systems consist of nanofiltration (NF), membrane distillation (MD), and membrane crystallization (MCr). The lowest associated cost is found for standalone NF treatment. However, the additional treatment with MD and MCr produces fresh water and salts like NaCl or potentially other valuable minerals at the expense of low-grade heat.
Functional Analysis of the Fusarielin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster
Authors: Droce Aida , Saei Wagma , Jørgensen Simon , Wimmer Reinhard , Giese Henriette , Wollenberg Rasmus , Sondergaard Teis , Sørensen Jens
Published: December 2016

Fusarielins are polyketides with a decalin core produced by various species of Aspergillus and Fusarium. Although the responsible gene cluster has been identified, the biosynthetic pathway remains to be elucidated. In the present study, members of the gene cluster were deleted individually in a Fusarium graminearum strain overexpressing the local transcription factor. The results suggest that a trans-acting enoyl reductase (FSL5) assists the polyketide synthase FSL1 in biosynthesis of a polyketide product, which is released by hydrolysis by a trans-acting thioesterase (FSL2). Deletion of the epimerase (FSL3) resulted in accumulation of an unstable compound, which could be the released product. A novel compound, named prefusarielin, accumulated in the deletion mutant of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase FSL4. Unlike the known fusarielins from Fusarium, this compound does not contain oxygenized decalin rings, suggesting that FSL4 is responsible for the oxygenation.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-Based Droplet Size Estimates in Emulsification Equipment
Authors: Janssen Jo , Mayer Roy
Published: December 2016

While academic literature shows steady progress in combining multi-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and population balance modelling (PBM) of emulsification processes, the computational burden of this approach is still too large for routine use in industry. The challenge, thus, is to link a sufficiently detailed flow analysis to the droplet behavior in a way that is both physically relevant and computationally manageable. In this research article we propose the use of single-phase CFD to map out the local maximum stable droplet diameter within a given device, based on well-known academic droplet break-up studies in quasi-steady 2D linear flows. The results of the latter are represented by analytical correlations for the critical capillary number, which are valid across a wide viscosity ratio range. Additionally, we suggest a parameter to assess how good the assumption of quasi-steady 2D flow is locally. The approach is demonstrated for a common lab-scale rotor-stator device (Ultra-Turrax, IKA-Werke GmbH, Staufen, Germany). It is found to provide useful insights with minimal additional user coding and little increase in computational effort compared to the single-phase CFD simulations of the flow field, as such. Some suggestions for further development are briefly discussed.
DOA and Polarization Estimation Using an Electromagnetic Vector Sensor Uniform Circular Array Based on the ESPRIT Algorithm
Authors: Wu Na , Qu Zhiyu , Si Weijian , Jiao Shuhong
Published: December 2016

In array signal processing systems, the direction of arrival (DOA) and polarization of signals based on uniform linear or rectangular sensor arrays are generally obtained by rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT). However, since the ESPRIT algorithm relies on the rotational invariant structure of the received data, it cannot be applied to electromagnetic vector sensor arrays (EVSAs) featuring uniform circular patterns. To overcome this limitation, a fourth-order cumulant-based ESPRIT algorithm is proposed in this paper, for joint estimation of DOA and polarization based on a uniform circular EVSA. The proposed algorithm utilizes the fourth-order cumulant to obtain a virtual extended array of a uniform circular EVSA, from which the pairs of rotation invariant sub-arrays are obtained. The ESPRIT algorithm and parameter pair matching are then utilized to estimate the DOA and polarization of the incident signals. The closed-form parameter estimation algorithm can effectively reduce the computational complexity of the joint estimation, which has been demonstrated by numerical simulations.
Outcomes on the Spray Profiles Produced by the Feasible Adjustments of Commonly Used Sprayers in “Tendone” Vineyards of Apulia (Southern Italy)
Authors: Pascuzzi Simone
Published: December 2016

The objective of the research was to assess the outcomes on the spray patterns produced by the different feasible adjustments of two different air blast sprayers and one mist blower sprayer, commonly employed for treatments to Apulian “tendone” vineyards. The spray profiles of these machines and the respective refinements affected by the alteration of the available adjusting devices were evaluated using a test bench, suitably set up for calibrating the sprayers used inside such vines. The air blast sprayers, compared with the mist blower model, have a better chance to match the spray pattern and the canopy profile of the “tendone” vines. Furthermore, the left-right asymmetry of the spray profile is reduced only in the case of sprayers with two counter-rotating fans, under certain operating conditions. Conversely, the symmetry index worsens with the activation of the fan in the case of the air blast sprayer fitted with a single fan either with or without the air deflectors. The mist blower sprayer develops lower drawbacks, in terms of left-right asymmetry of the spray profile, even if the high “stiffness” of the spray profile makes this sprayer not particularly suitable to the changing needs of the canopy of the “tendone” vineyards. The obtained results, even if related to the analyzed sprayers, can represent an original base of reference to set up guidelines for the adjustment of sprayers used for treatments inside “tendone” vineyards, very useful for the officially authorized Apulian workshops to make sprayers inspection and calibration.
An Overview of Vaccination Strategies and Antigen Delivery Systems for Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccines in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Munang’andu Hetron , Paul Joydeb , Evensen Øystein
Published: December 2016

Streptococcus agalactiae is an emerging infectious disease adversely affecting Nile tilapia (Niloticus oreochromis) production in aquaculture. Research carried out in the last decade has focused on developing protective vaccines using different strategies, although no review has been carried out to evaluate the efficacy of these strategies. The purpose of this review is to provide a synopsis of vaccination strategies and antigen delivery systems currently used for S. agalactiae vaccines in tilapia. Furthermore, as shown herein, current vaccine designs include the use of replicative antigen delivery systems, such as attenuated virulent strains, heterologous vectors and DNA vaccines, while non-replicative vaccines include the inactivated whole cell (IWC) and subunit vaccines encoding different S. agalactiae immunogenic proteins. Intraperitoneal vaccination is the most widely used immunization strategy, although immersion, spray and oral vaccines have also been tried with variable success. Vaccine efficacy is mostly evaluated by use of the intraperitoneal challenge model aimed at evaluating the relative percent survival (RPS) of vaccinated fish. The major limitation with this approach is that it lacks the ability to elucidate the mechanism of vaccine protection at portals of bacterial entry in mucosal organs and prevention of pathology in target organs. Despite this, indications are that the correlates of vaccine protection can be established based on antibody responses and antigen dose, although these parameters require optimization before they can become an integral part of routine vaccine production. Nevertheless, this review shows that different approaches can be used to produce protective vaccines against S. agalactiae in tilapia although there is a need to optimize the measures of vaccine efficacy.
Zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons: one-dimensional resonant channels in two-dimensional atomic crystals
Authors: Páez Carlos J , Bahamon Dario A , Pereira Ana L C , Schulz Peter A
Published: December 2016

We theoretically investigate phosphorene zigzag nanoribbons as a platform for constriction engineering. In the presence of a constriction at one of the edges, quantum confinement of edge-protected states reveals conductance peaks, if the edge is uncoupled from the other edge. If the constriction is narrow enough to promote coupling between edges, it gives rise to Fano-like resonances as well as antiresonances in the transmission spectrum. These effects are shown to mimic an atomic chain like behavior in a two dimensional atomic crystal.
Electron-transfer-initiated benzoin- and Stetter-like reactions in packed-bed reactors for process intensification
Authors: Zaghi Anna , Ragno Daniele , Di Carmine Graziano , De Risi Carmela , Bortolini Olga , Giovannini Pier Paolo , Fantin Giancarlo , Massi Alessandro
Published: December 2016

A convenient heterogeneous continuous-flow procedure for the polarity reversal of aromatic α-diketones is presented. Propaedeutic batch experiments have been initially performed to select the optimal supported base capable to initiate the two electron-transfer process from the carbamoyl anion of the N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent to the α-diketone and generate the corresponding enediolate active species. After having identified the 2-tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethylperhydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine on polystyrene (PS-BEMP) as the suitable base, packed-bed microreactors (pressure-resistant stainless-steel columns) have been fabricated and operated to accomplish the chemoselective synthesis of aroylated α-hydroxy ketones and 2-benzoyl-1,4-diones (benzoin- and Stetter-like products, respectively) with a good level of efficiency and with a long-term stability of the packing material (up to five days).
Identification, synthesis and mass spectrometry of a macrolide from the African reed frog Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris
Authors: Menke Markus , Peram Pardha Saradhi , Starnberger Iris , Hödl Walter , Jongsma Gregory FM , Blackburn David C , Rödel Mark-Oliver , Vences Miguel , Schulz Stefan
Published: December 2016

The contents of the gular glands of the male African reed frog Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris consist of a mixture of aliphatic macrolides and sesquiterpenes. While the known macrolide gephyromantolide A was readily identified, the structure of another major component was suggested to be a tetradecen-13-olide. The synthesis of the two candidate compounds (Z)-5- and (Z)-9-tetradecen-13-olide revealed the former to be the naturally occurring compound. The synthesis used ring-closing metathesis as key step. While the Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst furnished a broad range of isomeric products, the (Z)-selective Grubbs catalyst lead to pure (Z)-products. Analysis by chiral GC revealed the natural frog compound to be (5Z,13S)-5-tetradecen-13-olide (1). This compound is also present in the secretion of other hyperoliid frogs as well as in femoral glands of male mantellid frogs such as Spinomantis aglavei. The mass spectra of the synthesized macrolides as well as their rearranged isomers obtained during ring-closing metathesis showed that it is possible to assign the location of the double bond in an unsaturated macrolide on the basis of its EI mass spectrum. The occurrence of characteristic ions can be explained by the fragmentation pathway proposed in the article. In contrast, the localization of a double bond in many aliphatic open-chain compounds like alkenes, alcohols or acetates, important structural classes of pheromones, is usually not possible from an EI mass spectrum. In the article, we present the synthesis and for the first time elucidate the structure of macrolides from the frog family Hyperoliidae.
DISCOVERY OF A METAL-POOR FIELD GIANT WITH A GLOBULAR CLUSTER SECOND-GENERATION ABUNDANCE PATTERN
Authors: Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Robin A. C. , Moreno E. , Schiavon R. P. , Pérez A. E. García , Vieira K. , Cunha K. , Zamora O. , Sneden C. , Souto Diogo , Carrera R. , Johnson J. A. , Shetrone M. , Zasowski G. , García-Hernández D. A. , Majewski S. R. , Reylé C. , Blanco-Cuaresma S. , Martinez-Medina L. A. , Pérez-Villegas A. , Valenzuela O. , Pichardo B. , Meza A. , Mészáros Sz. , Sobeck J. , Geisler D. , Anders F. , Schultheis M. , Tang B. , Roman-Lopes A. , Mennickent R. E. , Pan K. , Nitschelm C. , Allard F.
Published: December 2016

We report on the detection, from observations obtained with the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment spectroscopic survey, of a metal-poor ([Fe/H] = −1.3 dex) field giant star with an extreme Mg–Al abundance ratio ([Mg/Fe] = −0.31 dex; [Al/Fe] = 1.49 dex). Such low Mg/Al ratios are seen only among the second-generation population of globular clusters (GCs) and are not present among Galactic disk field stars. The light-element abundances of this star, 2M16011638-1201525, suggest that it could have been born in a GC. We explore several origin scenarios, studying the orbit of the star in particular to check the probability of its being kinematically related to known GCs. We performed simple orbital integrations assuming the estimated distance of 2M16011638-1201525 and the available six-dimensional phase-space coordinates of 63 GCs, looking for close encounters in the past with a minimum distance approach within the tidal radius of each cluster. We found a very low probability that 2M16011638-1201525 was ejected from most GCs; however, we note that the best progenitor candidate to host this star is GC ω Centauri (NGC 5139). Our dynamical investigation demonstrates that 2M16011638-1201525 reaches a distance

from the Galactic plane and minimum and maximum approaches to the Galactic center of R
min < 0.62 kpc and R
max < 7.26 kpc in an eccentric (e ∼ 0.53) and retrograde orbit. Since the extreme chemical anomaly of 2M16011638-1201525 has also been observed in halo field stars, this object could also be considered a halo contaminant, likely to have been ejected into the Milky Way disk from the halo. We conclude that 2M16011638-20152 is also kinematically consistent with the disk but chemically consistent with halo field stars.
A NEW PRESCRIPTION FOR THE MASS-LOSS RATES OF WC AND WO STARS
Authors: Tramper F. , Sana H. , de Koter A.
Published: December 2016

We present a new empirical prescription for the mass-loss rates of carbon- and oxygen-sequence Wolf–Rayet stars as a function of their luminosity, surface chemical composition, and initial metallicity. The new prescription is based on results of detailed spectral analyses of WC and WO stars and improves the often applied Nugis and Lamers relation. We find that the mass-loss rates of WC and WO stars (with X = 0 and Y ≲ 0.98) can be expressed as

(L/L
⊙) + 0.44 log Y + 0.25 log (Z
Fe/Z
Fe,⊙). This relation is based on mass-loss determinations that assume a volume-filling factor of 0.1, but the prescription can easily be scaled to account for other volume-filling factors. The residual of the fit is σ = 0.06 dex. We investigated whether the relation can also describe the mass loss of hydrogen-free WN stars and showed that it can when an adjustment of the metallicity dependence (

) is applied. Compared to that of Nugis and Lamers,

is less sensitive to the luminosity and the surface abundance, implying a stronger mass loss of massive stars in their late stages of evolution. The modest metallicity dependence implies that if WC or WO stars are formed in metal-deficient environments, their mass-loss rates are higher than currently anticipated. These effects may result in the formation of a larger number of SNe Ic and fewer black holes and may favor the production of superluminous SNe Ic through interaction with C- and O-rich circumstellar material or dense stellar wind.
ASSESSING MAGNETIC TORQUES AND ENERGY FLUXES IN CLOSE-IN STAR–PLANET SYSTEMS
Authors: Strugarek A.
Published: December 2016

Planets in close-in orbit interact with the magnetized wind of their hosting star. This magnetic interaction was proposed to be a source for enhanced emissions in the chromosphere of the star, and to participate in setting the migration timescale of the close-in planet. The efficiency of the magnetic interaction is known to depend on the magnetic properties of the host star and of the planet, and on the magnetic topology of the interaction. We use a global, three-dimensional numerical model of close-in star–planet systems, based on the magnetohydrodynamics approximation, to compute a grid of simulations for varying properties of the orbiting planet. We propose a simple parametrization of the magnetic torque that applies to the planet, and of the energy flux generated by the interaction. The dependency upon the planet properties and the wind properties is clearly identified in the derived scaling laws, which can be used in secular evolution codes to take into account the effect of magnetic interactions in planet migration. They can also be used to estimate a potential magnetic source of enhanced emissions in observed close-in star–planet systems, in order to constrain observationally possible exoplanetary magnetic fields.
Entre codification et diversification : le clergé égyptien d’ époque gréco-romaine et sa prétendue identité
Authors: Bussi Silvia
Published: December 2016

Les papyrus grecs et démotiques concernant le clergé égyptien ne permettent pas de l’envisager comme un corps ayant une identité sociale commune. C’est plutôt dans le domaine culturel, de préservation de la tradition religieuse égyptienne, qu’il faut chercher les éléments identitaires du clergé autochtone, notamment dans les associations cultuelles. Codifiées par la volonté du clergé et des fidèles, elles sont l’expression d’un sentiment identitaire commun qui touche au noyau le plus profond de la civilisation égyptienne : ses dieux et sa conception de l’au-delà.
Les banquets publics à la fin de la République : usages sociaux, espaces et représentation
Authors: Dubouloz Julien , Robert Renaud
Published: December 2016

Le but de cette communication est de montrer comment archéologie, sources écrites et iconographiques peuvent s’éclairer mutuellement quand on veut saisir la sociabilité des notables provinciaux. En effet, à la fois éphémères et usuelles, les manifestations de cette sociabilité laissent peu de traces matérielles et, sauf justement lorsqu’elles passent les limites de ce qui est admis, elles marquent rarement les esprits des contemporains. Le banquet, en tant que moment de sociabilité, est sujet à une codification, à la fois morale et légale ; dans le même temps, la multiplicité des formes de banquets, des fonctions qui lui sont dévolues selon les circonstances, rend cette pratique particulièrement délicate à réglementer.
Atalanta e Hipólito: la negación agreste del matrimonio griego
Authors: Valderrábano González Irune
Published: December 2016

Dans cet article, nous proposons une approche du mariage grec en prenant pour point de départ deux personnages mythiques, féminin et masculin, possédant une caractéristique commune : leur refus obstiné du mariage. Atalante et Hippolyte sont deux jeunes chasseurs adorateurs de la déesse Artémis, dont l’acharnement à vouloir rester vierges les maintient dans un statut liminaire et limitrophe impossible à perpétuer. En ne réalisant pas les rites de passages pertinents, les deux jeunes gens ne se préparent pas à l’intégration dans la polis ni au mariage. En fuyant celui-ci, les deux chasseurs empêchent le passage de la παρθένος à la γυνή, et de l’ἔφηβος au citoyen. À travers l’étude de ces deux mythes, nous appréhenderons les aspects rituels et sociaux du mariage grec et analyserons les éléments qui le constituent. Nous saisirons ainsi sa signification sociale à travers sa négation.
La répétition chez Freud
Authors: Adler Karin
Published: December 2016

Résumé Le texte suit la trace du concept de la répétition chez Freud en rapport avec la remémoration et la résistance. Il décrit le chemin de l’évolution théorique pris à partir de l’observation clinique des névroses de guerre et des rêves traumatiques. La découverte de la compulsion de répétition permet à Freud l’ouverture vers l’ au-delà du principe de plaisir et son développement de l’hypothèse de la pulsion de mort.
L’administration Obama et les Frères musulmans égyptiens dans les révolutions arabes
Authors: Adraoui Mohamed-Ali
Published: December 2016

Cette contribution traite de la politique de Barack Obama dans le contexte des révolutions arabes. En s’intéressant aux articulations discursives des principaux décideurs et diplomates américains, il est possible de resituer la dialectique dans laquelle s’inscrit l’interaction entre les États-Unis et les Frères musulmans égyptiens. Cet article illustre les présupposés intellectuels et politiques ainsi que les intérêts sur lesquels s’est appuyée la politique d’engagement à l’égard des Frères musulmans, tout en montrant la difficulté de traiter avec un mouvement initialement hostile aux intérêts américains. L’article se fonde plus précisément sur les déclarations émanant des responsables et diplomates américains eu égard aux Frères musulmans et à la situation égyptienne jusqu’au coup d’État de l’été 2013.
Información sobre Responsabilidad Social contenida en las páginas webs de los ayuntamientos. Estudio en la región del Alentejo
Authors: Nevado-Gil Mª Teresa , Gallardo-Vázquez Dolores
Published: December 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el grado de divulgación de información en materia de Responsabilidad Social (RS) llevada a cabo por los 58 municipios que conforman el Alentejo, en Portugal Continental, así como la identificación de sus posibles factores explicativos. El análisis viene motivado porque, en los últimos años, se ha asistido a un crecimiento significativo de las entidades que forman el sector público que informan sobre cuestiones relativas a su comportamiento económico, social y medioambiental. Para alcanzar este objetivo se lleva a cabo un análisis de contenido de las páginas webs de los ayuntamientos de la población objeto de estudio. Los resultados indican que el grado de divulgación de información sobre RS es bajo y está relacionado con el tamaño de la entidad, la población dependiente, el nivel educativo, la capacidad institucional y la participación electoral.
De la coquille à la spirale sur deux méditations sur le vivant à un siècle de distance
Authors: Baron Christine
Published: December 2016

Paul Valéry dans « L’Homme et la coquille », Calvino dans « La Spirale » observent deux formes vivantes, fascinantes par leur perfection proche du travail humain. Alors que Valéry convoque les sciences et techniques pour en rendre compte (à travers la géométrie, puis la physique, enfin, la mécanique), la méthode de Calvino consiste à s’immerger dans la spire, à lui donner la parole et à reconnaître l’émergence spontanée du vivant en elle. Car la pensée logique échoue constamment face à la spécificité des formes organiques ; il reste alors à capter la fugitive adéquation de la nature et des mots, la rhétorique naturelle des choses muettes.
Temps évolutionniste et temps révolutionnaire (Michelet, Flaubert, Zola)
Authors: Azoulai Juliette
Published: December 2016

À travers l’étude de trois auteurs, Michelet, Flaubert et Zola, nous nous proposons d’étudier l’interaction de deux conceptions concurrentes du temps dans la littérature du xixe siècle : la temporalité évolutionniste, qui suppose la représentation d’un temps continu et progressif et la temporalité révolutionnaire, qui est liée au contraire à la vision d’un temps asyndétique et saccadé. Si la première temporalité est enracinée dans le champ de la biologie et la seconde dans celui de l’histoire et de la politique, la sociobiologie propose au xixe siècle une vision « évolutionnaire » du devenir des sociétés, et la pensée catastrophiste d’un Cuvier conçoit l’histoire du globe sur le modèle du soubresaut révolutionnaire. Les relations complexes qu’entretiennent les concepts d’évolution et de révolution chez les auteurs du xixe siècle sont tributaires de ce délicat nouage, propre à chaque univers littéraire, entre nature et culture, entre biologie et histoire.
Critical Care Nurses’ Reasons for Poor Attendance at a Continuous Professional Development Program
Authors: Viljoen Myra , Coetzee Isabel , Heyns Tanya
Published: December 2016

Background

Society demands competent and safe health care, which obligates professionals to deliver quality patient care using current knowledge and skills. Participation in continuous professional development programs is a way to ensure quality nursing care. Despite the importance of continuous professional development, however, critical care nurse practitioners’ attendance rates at these programs is low.

Objective

To explore critical care nurses’ reasons for their unsatisfactory attendance at a continuous professional development program.

Methods

A nominal group technique was used as a consensus method to involve the critical care nurses and provide them the opportunity to reflect on their experiences and challenges related to the current continuous professional development program for the critical care units. Participants were 14 critical care nurses from 3 critical care units in 1 private hospital.

Results

The consensus was that the central theme relating to the unsatisfactory attendance at the continuous professional development program was attitude. In order of importance, the 4 contributing priorities influencing attitude were communication, continuous professional development, time constraints, and financial implications.

Conclusion

Attitude relating to attending a continuous professional development program can be changed if critical care nurses are aware of the program’s importance and are involved in the planning and implementation of a program that focuses on the nurses’ individual learning needs.
Predictive Analysis of Mechanistic Triggers and Mitigation Strategies for Pathological Scarring in Skin Wounds
Authors: Nagaraja Sridevi , Chen Lin , Zhou Jian , Zhao Yan , Fine David , DiPietro Luisa A. , Reifman Jaques , Mitrophanov Alexander Y.
Published: December 2016

Wound fibrosis (i.e., excessive scar formation) is a medical problem of increasing prevalence, with poorly understood mechanistic triggers and limited therapeutic options. In this study, we employed an integrated approach that combines computational predictions with new experimental studies in mice to identify plausible mechanistic triggers of pathological scarring in skin wounds. We developed a computational model that predicts the time courses for six essential cell types, 18 essential molecular mediators, and collagen, which are involved in inflammation and proliferation during wound healing. By performing global sensitivity analyses using thousands of model-simulated wound-healing scenarios, we identified five key processes (among the 90 modeled processes) whose dysregulation may lead to pathological scarring in wounds. By modulating a subset of these key processes, we simulated fibrosis in wounds. Moreover, among the 18 modeled molecular mediators, we identified TGF-β and the matrix metalloproteinases as therapeutic targets whose modulation may reduce fibrosis. The model predicted that simultaneous modulation of TGF-β and matrix metalloproteinases would be more effective in treating excessive scarring than modulation of either therapeutic target alone. Our model was validated with previously published and newly generated experimental data, and suggested new in vivo experiments.
TLR10 Is a B Cell Intrinsic Suppressor of Adaptive Immune Responses
Authors: Hess Nicholas J. , Jiang Song , Li Xinyan , Guan Yue , Tapping Richard I.
Published: December 2016

Toll-like receptors play a central role in the initiation of adaptive immune responses with several TLR agonists acting as known B cell mitogens. Despite thousands of publications on TLRs, the function of TLR10 remains unknown. We have found that Ab-mediated engagement of TLR10 on primary human B cells suppresses B cell proliferation, cytokine production, and signal transduction. When challenged with either a T independent or T dependent Ag, TLR10 transgenic mice exhibit diminished Ab responses. Adoptive transfer of splenic B cells into B cell–deficient mice revealed that the suppressive effects on Ag-specific humoral immune responses are entirely B cell intrinsic. Our results demonstrate that TLR10 has a functional role within the B cell lineage that is distinct from that of other TLR family members and may provide a potential therapeutic target for diseases characterized by dysregulated B cell activity.
Some unitary representations of Thompson’s groups $F$ and $T$
Authors: Jones Vaughan F. R.
Published: December 2016

In a “naive” attempt to create algebraic quantum field theories on the circle, we obtain a family of unitary representations of Thompson’s groups

T

and

F

for any subfactor. The Thompson group elements are the “local scale transformations” of the theory. In a simple case the coefficients of the representations are polynomial invariants of links. We show that all links arise and introduce new “oriented” subgroups of

\overrightarrow F < F

and

\overrightarrow T < T

which allow us to produce all oriented knots and links.
Colleges and universities sticking to their guns?
Authors: Mendez, PhD, JD Jesse Perez , Sabina, PhD Lou , Loffi, EdD Jon
Published: December 2016

Firearm possession on college and university campuses remains a volatile public policy issue among policymakers, legislators, scholars, and administrators. Given the American federal governmental structure, many states have developed legislative approaches to “carry on campus” policies throughout the years that align with federal law. This study explores the diversity of state approaches and nuances of “carry on campus” throughout recent years and current state legislation under consideration. The implications of “carry on campus” legislation vary on college campuses, depending on applicable state law; however, some general dynamics apply to all.
Emergency notifications: Twentieth century or twenty-first?
Authors: Curran, MBA Kevin
Published: December 2016

This article explores one area of the decision-making process for emergency managers: when and how to issue a public notification. For certain emergencies, a plan is in place. In other scenarios, a notification decision must be made that could be the difference between life and death. Perhaps the best known of these options is the mass media Emergency Alert System. However, newer options may provide better ways to inform a potentially affected population. Through interviews and literature reviews, this article will explore the choices available and the need for a coherent decision to be made in a difficult environment.
Place attachment and disasters: Knowns and unknowns
Authors: Jamali, MS Mehdi , Nejat, PhD Ali
Published: December 2016

When considering the factors important for disaster recovery, one must consider the attachment individuals have toward their living area. This article reviews and synthesizes the current literature on the determinants of place attachment in the context of postdisaster recovery. Although the majority of the reviewed articles focused on disaster recovery, there were some which had a broader scope and were included due to their importance. This research categorizes the determinants of place attachment into four categories: demographic, socioeconomic, spatial, and psychosocial. Age, ethnicity, and religion were grouped under the category of demographics. Job status, education, and property ownership were categorized under the socioeconomic category. Attachment to home, neighborhood, and city, together with attachment to rural and urban areas, were grouped under the spatial category. Finally, mental health status and community attachment were classified under the psychosocial heading. Based on the outcome of the aforementioned synthesis, this article develops a conceptual framework to guide future research.
Frost flowers and sea-salt aerosols over seasonal sea-ice areas in north-western Greenland during winter–spring
Authors: Hara Keiichiro , Matoba Sumito , Hirabayashi Motohiro , Yamasaki Tetsuhide
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Sea-salts and halogens in aerosols, frost flowers and brine play an important role in atmospheric chemistry in polar regions. Simultaneous sampling and observations of frost flowers, brine, and aerosol particles were conducted around Siorapaluk in north-western Greenland during December 2013–March 2014. Results show that water-soluble frost flower and brine constituents were sea salts (e.g., Na+, Cl−, Mg2+, and Br−). Concentration factors of sea-salt constituents of frost flowers and brine relative to seawater were 1.14–3.67. Sea-salt enrichments of Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, and halogens (Cl−, Br−, and I) in frost flowers were associated with sea-salt fractionation by precipitation of mirabilite and hydrohalite. Aerosol number concentrations, particularly in coarse mode, were increased considerably by release from the sea-ice surface under strong wind conditions. Sulphate depletion by sea-salt fractionation was found to be slight in sea-salt aerosols because of heterogeneous SO42− formation on sea-salt particles. However, coarse and fine sea-salt particles were found to be rich in Mg. Strong Mg enrichment might be more likely to proceed in fine sea-salt particles. Mg-rich sea-salt particles might be released from the sea-ice surface and frost flowers. Mirabilite-like and ikaite-like particles were identified only in aerosol samples collected near new sea-ice areas.
Transcriptional activities of methanogens and methanotrophs vary with methane emission flux in rice soils under chronic nutrient constraints of phosphorus and potassium
Authors: Sheng Rong , Chen Anlei , Zhang Miaomiao , Whiteley Andrew S. , Kumaresan Deepak , Wei Wenxue
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Nutrient status in soil is crucial for the growth and development of plants which indirectly or directly affect the ecophysiological functions of resident soil microorganisms. Soil methanogens and methanotrophs can be affected by soil nutrient availabilities and plant growth, which in turn modulate methane (CH4) emissions. Here, we assessed whether deficits in soil-available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) modulated the activities of methanogens and methanotrophs in a long-term (20 year) experimental system involving limitation in either one or both nutrients. Results showed that a large amount of CH4 was emitted from paddy soil at rice tillering stage (flooding) while CH4 flux was minimum at ripening stage (drying). Compared to soils amended with NPK fertiliser treatment, the soils without P input significantly reduced methane flux rates, whereas those without K input did not. Under P limitation, methanotroph transcript copy number significantly increased in tandem with a decrease in methanogen transcript abundance, suggesting that P-deficiency-induced changes in soil physio-chemical properties, in tandem with rice plant growth, might constrain the activity of methanogens, whereas the methanotrophs might be adaptive to this soil environment. In contrast, lower transcript abundance of both methanogen and methanotrophs were observed in K-deficient soils. Assessments of community structures based upon transcripts indicated that soils deficient in P induced greater shifts in the active methanotrophic community than K-deficient soils, while similar community structures of active methanogens were observed in both treatments. These results suggested that the population dynamics of methanogens and methanotrophs could vary along with the changes in plant growth states and soil properties induced by nutrient deficiency.