bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lack of Integration of Research in Clinical Practice: A Qualitative Study of Clinical Academics’ Challenges in the Workplace Environment of Danish Hospitals
Authors: Jensen Janet , Jensen Cecilie , Pedersen Malene , Leth-Larsen Rikke , Christensen Marit , Høgsgaard Ditte
Published: September 2024

Clinical academics experience dual workplaces, namely the clinical and the research environment. However, working in two workplaces leads to difficulties in forming an integrated identity, affecting a person’s work environment and well-being. The aim was to explore how clinical academics experience the psychosocial work environment and their suggestions for improving and changing work well-being. A multicenter qualitative approach with group interviews inspired by participatory action design was used. A purposeful criterion sampling strategy was used, selecting researchers affiliated with the university’s research network (n = 12). Data were analyzed by thematic analysis and the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research was applied. The main finding, ‘lack of integration of research in clinical practice’, revealed how clinical academics balanced between the two practices, how their need for belonging in both work environments was established by fellowship, and how motivational factors and role models could be enhanced through a joint commitment of responsibility in research units and clinical practice. This study provides a contemporary understanding of the challenges that mainly Ph.D. students encounter and what solutions they would offer. This study adds to knowledge on well-being in psychological work and provides solutions on how clinical academic Ph.D. students can achieve the integration of research in clinical practice.
Musculoskeletal Infection: The Great Mimickers on Imaging
Authors: Klontzas Michail E. , Vassalou Evangelia E. , Spanakis Konstantinos , Alpantaki Kalliopi , Karantanas Apostolos H.
Published: September 2024

A series of conditions can mimic musculoskeletal infections on imaging, complicating their diagnosis and affecting the treatment. Depending on the anatomical location, different conditions can manifest with clinical and imaging findings that mimic infections. Herein we present a wide spectrum of the musculoskeletal disorders of the axial skeleton, long bones, peripheral joints, and soft tissue that may manifest as infectious processes, and we focus on the potential mimics of osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and infectious spondylodiscitis that are common in clinical practice. We present the typical imaging characteristics of each musculoskeletal infection, followed by mimicking conditions.
Emerging Applications of Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography in Corneal Surgery: A Narrative Review
Authors: Chatzimichail Eleftherios , Chondrozoumakis Georgios , Doroodgar Farideh , Vounotrypidis Efstathios , Panos Georgios D. , Gatzioufas Zisis
Published: September 2024

Intraoperative OCT (iOCT) is an innovative imaging modality that provides ophthalmic surgeons with real-time cross-sectional views of the surgical field. Recent advances in OCT technology, such as higher acquisition scanning rates, enable real-time video visualization. iOCT systems are widely used in both vitreoretinal and anterior segment surgeries. In corneal surgeries, iOCT imaging aims to optimize efficacy and safety by improving depth perception and enhancing visualization in cases of opaque optical media. iOCT is a valuable tool not only for experienced corneal surgeons, but also for training novice surgeons. This review summarizes the emerging applications of iOCT in corneal surgery, particularly in technically demanding lamellar keratoplasty procedures, as well as in various other corneal diseases and complications that require surgical intervention.
Laser Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy: History, Mechanism, and Novel Technologies
Authors: Wang Siyu , Hua Rui , Zhao Yuqi , Liu Limin
Published: September 2024

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), remains a significant contributor to preventable vision impairment in the working-age population. Laser photocoagulation is essential in treating DR in conjunction with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection, steroids, and vitrectomy. This review summarizes the history of laser photocoagulation and highlights its current role and long-term effectiveness in real-world conditions. Methods: The National Clinical Trial (NCT), PubMed, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched utilizing combined or individual keywords, and a total of 121 articles were reviewed by the authors. Results: Several novel laser photocoagulation technologies, such as patterned scanning laser, subthreshold micropulse laser, navigated laser, multimodal imaging-guided laser, and retina rejuvenation therapy, substantially decrease the adverse effects and improve the accuracy and security of laser therapy. Numerous studies have demonstrated the outstanding clinical efficacy of combination therapies with pharmacologic treatments like anti-VEGF in treating DR and diabetic macular edema (DME). A 20-year follow-up retrospective study in our center preliminarily demonstrated the long-term effectiveness of conventional laser photocoagulation. Conclusions: More clinical trials are required to confirm the clinical effectiveness of novel laser technologies. Better treatment protocols for the combination therapy may be detailed. Anti-VEGF treatment has better effects, especially for DME and in a short period. But in real-world conditions, given the long-term effectiveness and economic advantages of conventional laser treatment, it should be prioritized over anti-VEGF injection in certain situations.
Visual Impairment in Women with Turner Syndrome—A 49-Year Literature Review
Authors: Soszka-Przepiera Ewelina , Krzyścin Mariola , Modrzejewska Monika
Published: September 2024

Aim: Among the severe organ complications occurring in patients with Turner syndrome (TS), ophthalmic dysmorphia and visual impairment are usually marginalized. There are only a few studies that take into account the prevalence of ophthalmic disorders in female patients with TS. Material and methods: Articles in PubMed, Scholar, and Website were reviewed, considering the prevalence of various ocular disorders in patients with X chromosome deficiency. Current standards for the management of patients with TS in the context of the prevalence of ophthalmic disorders were also analyzed. Results: Identification of visual impairment in people is important because it significantly impairs quality of life (QoL) along with other health problems. QoL affects cognitive and behavioral functioning and significantly increases self-esteem, acceptance of treatment, and, consequently, physical and mental health. Low self-esteem makes patients feel helpless and unable to plan their social development. Patients with TS are relatively more frequently diagnosed with various eye defects compared to the healthy population. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the early assessment of the visual system in people with TS to eliminate any factors that could potentially impair their QoL. Conclusions: Patients with TS should be referred to specialist ophthalmologists, pediatricians, or optometrists for preventive care or early treatment of visual impairment. The authors point out the need for comprehensive ophthalmological examinations as standard management in patients with TS.
Advanced Numerical Simulation of Scour around Bridge Piers: Effects of Pier Geometry and Debris on Scour Depth
Authors: Al-Jubouri Muhanad , Ray Richard P. , Abbas Ethar H.
Published: September 2024

Investigating different pier shapes and debris Finteractions in scour patterns is vital for understanding the risks to bridge stability. This study investigates the impact of different shapes of pier and debris interactions on scour patterns using numerical simulations with flow-3D and controlled laboratory experiments. The model setup is rigorously calibrated against a physical flume experiment, incorporating a steady-state flow as the initial condition for sediment transport simulations. The Fractional Area/Volume Obstacle Representation (FAVOR) technique and the renormalized group (RNG) turbulence model enhance the simulation’s precision. The numerical results indicate that pier geometry is a critical factor influencing the scour depth. Among the tested shapes, square piers exhibit the most severe scour, with depths reaching 5.8 cm, while lenticular piers show the least scour, with a maximum depth of 2.5 cm. The study also highlights the role of horseshoe, wake, and shear layer vortices in determining scour locations, with varying impacts across different pier shapes. The Q-criterion study identified debris-induced vortex generation and intensification. The debris amount, thickness, and pier diameter (T/Y) significantly affect the scouring patterns. When dealing with high wedge (HW) debris, square piers have the largest scour depth at T/Y = 0.25, while lenticular piers exhibit a lower scour. When debris is present, the scour depth rises at T/Y = 0.5. Depending on the form of the debris, a significant fluctuation of up to 5 cm was reported. There are difficulties in precisely estimating the scour depth under complicated circumstances because of the disparity between numerical simulations and actual data, which varies from 6% for square piers with a debris relative thickness T/Y = 0.25 to 32% for cylindrical piers with T/Y = 0.5. The study demonstrates that while flow-3D simulations align reasonably well with the experimental data under a low debris impact, discrepancies increase with more complex debris interactions and higher submersion depths, particularly for cylindrical piers. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive approach to evaluating the effects of different pier shapes and debris interactions on scour patterns, offering new insights into the effectiveness of flow-3D simulations in predicting the scour patterns under varying conditions.
Regulation of Conidiation and Aflatoxin B1 Biosynthesis by a Blue Light Sensor LreA in Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Jia Kunzhi , Jia Yipu , Zeng Qianhua , Yan Zhaoqi , Wang Shihua
Published: September 2024

Conidia are important for the dispersal of Aspergillus flavus, which usually generates aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and poses a threat to the safety of agricultural food. The development of conidia is usually susceptible to changes in environmental conditions, such as nutritional status and light. However, how the light signal is involved in the conidiation in A. flavus is still unknown. In this study, LreA was identified to respond to blue light and mediate the promotion of conidiation in A. flavus, which is related to the central development pathway. At the same time, blue light inhibited the biosynthesis of AFB1, which was mediated by LreA and attributed to the transcriptional regulation of aflR and aflS expression. Our findings disclosed the function and mechanism of the blue light sensor LreA in regulating conidiation and AFB1 biosynthesis, which is beneficial for the prevention and control of A. flavus and mycotoxins.
Technical Expertise in Newsrooms: Understanding Data Journalists’ Roles and Practices
Authors: Mtchedlidze Junai
Published: September 2024

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the integration of technology and the employment of technological experts within newsrooms. However, there remains a paucity of scholarly research examining the evolution and maturation of these practices. This article addresses this gap by analyzing data from ten semi-structured qualitative interviews with developers embedded in the editorial departments of Norwegian news outlets. The findings reveal that developers have become fully integrated and indispensable actors within newsrooms. They contribute comprehensively to the journalistic news production process, engaging in routine tasks such as news visualization as well as participating in extensive investigative projects. Furthermore, developers navigate their work and practices within the framework of journalistic logic, culture, and the principles of objectivity, thereby reinforcing the democratic function of journalism in society. Interestingly, the integration of developers has also induced spill-over effects among non-technical staff. While developers are the primary bearers of technical expertise, there is an increasing expectation for reporters to acquire technical competencies.
LabMed: A New Open Access Journal to Share Advances in Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Hortin Glen L.
Published: September 2024

LabMed is a new open access electronic journal supported by one of the world’s leading electronic publishers MDPI, the Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, and by an international editorial board with diverse expertise in laboratory medicine [...]
Evaluating Sugarcane Yield Estimation in Thailand Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 and Landsat Data Together with Machine-Learning Algorithms
Authors: Som-ard Jaturong , Suwanlee Savittri Ratanopad , Pinasu Dusadee , Keawsomsee Surasak , Kasa Kemin , Seesanhao Nattawut , Ninsawat Sarawut , Borgogno-Mondino Enrico , Sarvia Filippo
Published: September 2024

Updated and accurate crop yield maps play a key role in the agricultural environment. Their application enables the support for sustainable agricultural practices and the formulation of effective strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Farmers can apply the maps to gain an overview of the yield variability, improving farm management practices and optimizing inputs to increase productivity and sustainability such as fertilizers. Earth observation (EO) data make it possible to map crop yield estimations over large areas, although this will remain challenging for specific crops such as sugarcane. Yield data collection is an expensive and time-consuming practice that often limits the number of samples collected. In this study, the sugarcane yield estimation based on a small number of training datasets within smallholder crop systems in the Tha Khan Tho District, Thailand for the year 2022 was assessed. Specifically, multi-temporal satellite datasets from multiple sensors, including Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8/9, were involved. Moreover, in order to generate the sugarcane yield estimation maps, only 75 sampling plots were selected and surveyed to provide training and validation data for several powerful machine-learning algorithms, including multiple linear regression (MLR), stepwise multiple regression (SMR), partial least squares regression (PLS), random forest regression (RFR), and support vector regression (SVR). Among these algorithms, the RFR model demonstrated outstanding performance, yielding an excellent result compared to existing techniques, achieving an R-squared (R2) value of 0.79 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.93 t/ha (per 10 m × 10 m pixel). Furthermore, the mapped yields across the region closely aligned with the official statistical data from the Office of the Cane and Sugar Board (with a range value of 36,000 ton). Finally, the sugarcane yield estimation model was applied to over 2100 sugarcane fields in order to provide an overview of the current state of the yield and total production in the area. In this work, the different yield rates at the field level were highlighted, providing a powerful workflow for mapping sugarcane yields across large regions, supporting sugarcane crop management and facilitating decision-making processes.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Helicobacter pylori Gastritis in Patients Referred for Endoscopy—A Single-Center Romanian Study
Authors: Munteanu Sabrina-Nicoleta , Huțanu Dragoș , Filip Ana-Maria , Cozac-Szőke Andreea Raluca , Mocan Simona , Negovan Anca
Published: September 2024

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects up to 10% of adults globally, and its complications can mask the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or malignancy. Methods: Our study enrolled 633 endoscopic patients stratified according to T2DM presence (4:1 ratio in favor of the control group). Results: T2DM patients referred for endoscopy experienced lower prevalence of epigastric pain and heartburn (OR = 0.637/OR = 0.346, p < 0.05). Often being anemic (OR = 2.23, p < 0.001), they had significantly lower hemoglobin (p = 0.001) and serum iron (p = 0.02), but serum cholesterol was higher in non-diabetics. Ulcers, erosions and mucosal hemorrhages were comparable between groups (p < 0.05), although low-dose aspirin use was more prevalent in diabetics (p = 0.000, OR = 2.34). T2DM was associated with the increased frequency of antro-corporal active gastritis (OR = 1.451/OR 1.501), with smokers presenting a higher frequency of active H. pylori infection (OR = 3.37). T2DM predicted anemia (adjusted OR = 1.70) and the absence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (adjusted OR = 0.37), but not active H. pylori gastritis or premalignant lesions. Conclusion: In an endoscopic population, patients with T2DM had lower hemoglobin and serum iron levels. There was an inverse correlation between T2DM and heartburn. H. pylori gastritis and premalignant lesions occurred more frequently in diabetic patients (predominantly pangastritis) before adjusting for age or associated comorbidities, with smoking increasing the risk for active infection.
Influence of Hydrogel and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Germination and Establishment of Chenopodium quinoa
Authors: Soto-Gonzales José Luis , González-Fernández José Vulfrano , Pinzón-Moreno Diego David , Vicuña-Galindo Eder Clidio , Carranza-Oropeza María Verónica
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of hydrogel and zinc oxide nanoparticles on quinoa germination and establishment. Various doses of a commercial potassium-based hydrogel (0, 5, 7, and 9 g), each dissolved in one liter of rainwater, were applied. Additionally, 1.5 g of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) and pre-crushed nitrogen fertilizer, at a rate of 1.6 kg/ha, were added to the solution to achieve a homogeneous mixture. Following the application of hydrogel in the 10-linear-meter rows corresponding to each treatment area in every block, 25 seeds per linear meter of the “Blanca de Juli” quinoa cultivar were sown with a 4 cm spacing between the seeds. Subsequently, a thin layer of soil, approximately 0.5 cm thick, was used to cover the seeds. Ten seedlings were randomly selected and labeled for subsequent evaluations. The experimental design employed in this research was a completely randomized block design. The collected data underwent an analysis of variance, and the means of all the treatments were compared using Tukey’s test with a 5% probability. Height and diameter evaluations of the plant neck were conducted every 45 days. The doses used in this study (5, 7, and 9 g of hydrogel per liter of water) significantly enhanced seed germination and increased the number of plants per linear meter (from 82.00 to 90.33) compared to the control dose without hydrogel (14.66), which resulted in an average of one plant per linear meter.
Impact of Regular and Irregular Pore Distributions on the Elasticity of Porous Materials: A Microstructure-Free Finite Element Study
Authors: Chakma Prajjayini , Luo Yunhua
Published: September 2024

Conventional analytical formulas for predicting the effective Young’s modulus of porous materials often rely on simplifying assumptions and do not explicitly incorporate microstructural information. This study investigates the impact of regular versus irregular pore distributions on the stiffness of porous materials using microstructure-free finite element modeling (MF-FEM). After conducting a convergence study, MF-FEM predictions were validated against experimental data and used to assess the accuracy of commonly employed analytical models. The results demonstrate that materials with irregular microstructures exhibit a rapid decrease in Young’s modulus, approaching zero at porosities slightly greater than 50%. In contrast, regular microstructures show a more gradual decline, maintaining significant stiffness until the porosity exceeds 90%. Additionally, the study reveals that some analytical formulas align better with irregular microstructures while others are more suited to regular ones, attributable to the underlying assumptions of these models. These findings underscore the necessity of considering pore distribution patterns in modeling to accurately predict the mechanical behavior of porous materials.
Residual Stress Analysis in Linear Friction Welded Ti17
Authors: He Peng , Wu Yunxin , Zhang Tao , Jin Junlong
Published: September 2024

Residual stresses with a complex distribution are generated after linear friction welding, which affects the service performance of the weldment. In this work, a numerical model for linear-friction-welded Ti17 (Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr) was developed to investigate the evolution of residual stresses and the effect of welding parameters on residual stresses. Additionally, a method for predicting internal residual stresses was constructed. The results indicate that the residual stresses near the contact interface are largest in the oscillatory direction, peaking at ~661 MPa at 2 mm away from the contact interface. The evolution of stresses is not only related to the inhomogeneous thermal gradient, but also to the forging force. And the stress distribution essentially stabilizes within the duration of the forging force applied. Increasing the amplitude and frequency results in higher peaks of tensile residual stresses and a more concentrated distribution. Conversely, increasing the forging force only reduces the magnitude of the residual stresses. The developed prediction method, based on the similarity of internal residual stress distributions, facilitates the prediction of internal residual stresses using measured surface residual stresses.
Analysis of the Current State of Research on Bio-Healing Concrete (Bioconcrete)
Authors: Beskopylny Alexey N. , Shcherban’ Evgenii M. , Stel’makh Sergey A. , Shilov Alexandr A. , Chernil’nik Andrei , El’shaeva Diana , Chistyakov Vladimir A.
Published: September 2024

The relatively small tensile strength of concrete makes this material particularly vulnerable to cracking. However, the reality is that it is not always possible and practically useful to conduct studies on high-quality sealing cracks due to their inaccessibility or small opening width. Despite the fact that currently there are many technologies for creating self-healing cement composites, one of the most popular is the technology for creating a biologically active self-healing mechanism for concrete. It is based on the process of carbonate ion production by cellular respiration or urease enzymes by bacteria, which results in the precipitation of calcium carbonate in concrete. This technology is environmentally friendly and promising from a scientific and practical point of view. This research focuses on the technology of creating autonomous self-healing concrete using a biological crack-healing mechanism. The research methodology consisted of four main stages, including an analysis of the already conducted global studies, ecological and economic analysis, the prospects and advantages of further studies, as well as a discussion and the conclusions. A total of 257 works from about 10 global databases were analyzed. An overview of the physical, mechanical and operational properties of bioconcrete and their changes is presented, depending on the type of active bacteria and the method of their introduction into the concrete mixture. An analysis of the influence of the automatic addition of various types of bacteria on various properties of self-healing bioconcrete is carried out, and an assessment of the influence of the method of adding bacteria to concrete on the process of crack healing is also given. A comparative analysis of various techniques for creating self-healing bioconcrete was performed from the point of view of technical progress, scientific potential, the methods of application of this technology, and their resulting advantages, considered as the factor impacting on strength and life cycle. The main conditions for a quantitative assessment of the sustainability and the possibility of the industrial implementation of the technology of self-healing bioconcrete are identified and presented. Various techniques aimed at improving the recovery process of such materials are considered. An assessment of the influence of the strength of cement mortar after adding bacteria to it is also given. Images obtained using electron microscopy methods are analyzed in relation to the life cycle of bacteria in mineral deposits of microbiological origin. Current gaps and future research prospects are discussed.
Preoperative Factors on Loss of Range of Motion after Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
Authors: Lee Dong-Ho , Lee Hyung Rae , Seok Sang Yun , Choi Ji Uk , Park Jae Min , Yang Jae-Hyuk
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: Posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) aims to resolve cervical radiculopathy while preserving range of motion (ROM). However, its effectiveness in maintaining ROM is uncertain. This study investigates the changes in ROM after PCF and identifies preoperative factors that influence ROM reduction post surgery. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients treated at our hospital from August 2016 to September 2021. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) for neck and arm pain and the neck disability index (NDI). Radiological outcomes included the segmental angle (SA), cervical angle (CA), C2–C7 SVA, Pfirrmann grade, extent of facetectomy, foraminal stenosis, and ROM. Patients were categorized into two groups based on segmental ROM changes: decreased (Group D) and maintained (Group M). Radiological and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for ROM loss after PCF. Results: 76 patients were included: 34 in Group D and 42 in Group M, with no demographic differences. Preoperatively, Group D had significantly larger flexion segmental and cervical angles than Group M (segmental, p < 0.001; cervical, p = 0.001). Group D also had a higher Pfirrmann grade (p = 0.014) and more bony bridge formations (p = 0.004). While no significant differences were observed in arm pain VAS and NDI scores, Group D exhibited worse neck pain VAS at the last follow-up (p = 0.03). Univariate linear regression indicated that preoperative segmental ROM (p < 0.001, B = 0.82) and bony bridge formation (p = 0.046, B = 5.33) were significant predictors of ROM loss post PCF. Conclusions: Patients with higher preoperative flexion angles and Pfirrmann grades at the operative level are at an increased risk for ROM loss and neck pain and often exhibit bony bridge formation. Accounting for these factors can improve surgical planning and patient outcomes.
Microbiological Quality of Coconut Water Sold in the Grande Vitória Region, Brazil, and Phenogenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance of Associated Enterobacteria
Authors: Peterle Valéria Modolo , Cardoso Juliana Aliprandi Bittencourt , Ferraz Carolina Magri , Sousa Delcimara Ferreira de , Pereira Natália , Nassar Alessandra Figueiredo de Castro , Castro Vanessa , Mathias Luis Antonio , Cardozo Marita Vedovelli , Rossi Gabriel Augusto Marques
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of coconut water sold from street carts equipped with cooling coils or refrigerated at bakeries in the Grande Vitória Region, Brazil. Additionally, it assessed the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of isolated enterobacteria. The results indicated that coconut water sold at street carts had lower microbiological quality compared to refrigerated samples, as evidenced by significantly higher counts of mesophilic microorganisms. Using MALDI-TOF, the following opportunistic pathogens were identified: Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter bugandensis, E. kobei, E. roggenkampii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Kluyvera ascorbata. Three isolates—E. bugandensis, K. pneumoniae, and K. ascorbata—were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Widespread resistance to β-lactams and cephalosporins was detected, and some isolates were resistant to quinolones, nitrofurans, and phosphonic acids. The gene blaCTX-M-2 was detected in C. freundii, E. bugandensis, E. kobei, and K. ascorbata. However, genes blaNDM, blaKPC, blaCMY-1, and blaCMY-2 were not detected in any isolate. The findings underscore the need to enhance good manufacturing practices in this sector to control the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To our knowledge, this is the first study documenting the presence of potentially pathogenic enterobacteria in coconut water samples and their associated phenotypic and genotypic AMR profiles.
Diagnostic Benefit of Molecular Imaging in Patients Undergoing Heart Valve Surgery for Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Greve Dustin , Sartori Emma , Rodriguez Cetina Biefer Hector , Sima Stefania-Teodora , Von Schöning Dinah , Pfäfflin Frieder , Stegemann Miriam Songa , Falk Volkmar , Moter Annette , Kikhney Judith , Grubitzsch Herko
Published: September 2024

(1) Background: The successful treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) relies on detecting causative pathogens to administer targeted antibiotic therapy. In addition to standard microbiological cultivation of pathogens from tissue obtained during heart valve surgery, the potential of molecular biological methods was evaluated. (2) Methods: A retrospective study was performed on heart valve tissue from 207 patients who underwent heart valve surgery for IE. FISHseq (fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with 16S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing) was performed in addition to conventional culture-based microbiological diagnostics. The diagnostic performance of FISHseq was compared with the conventional methods and evaluated in the clinical context. (3) Results: Overall, FISHseq provided a significantly higher rate of specific pathogen detection than conventional valve culture (68.1% vs. 33.3%, p < 0.001). By complementing the findings from blood culture and valve culture, FISHseq was able to provide a new microbiological diagnosis in 10% of cases, confirm the cultural findings in 24.2% of cases and provide greater diagnostic accuracy in 27.5% of cases. FISHseq could identify a pathogen in blood-culture-negative IE in 46.2% of cases, while valve culture provided only 13.5% positive results (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates that using FISHseq as an additional molecular biological technique for diagnostics in IE adds substantial diagnostic value, with potential implications for the treatment of IE. It provides pathogen detection, especially in cases where conventional microbiological cultivation is negative or inconclusive.
Z-Scheme Heterojunction of Phosphorus-Doped Carbon Nitride/Titanium Dioxide: Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Yang Jinyu , Zhang Yanglin , Liu Kun , Tang Dongxu , Zhou Shizhong , Yang Xiaojie , Li Yuesheng , Liu Yi
Published: September 2024

With increasingly serious environmental pollution problems, the development of efficient photocatalytic materials has become a hotspot in current research. This study focused on phosphorus-doped carbon nitride/titanium dioxide (PCT) Z-type heterojunctions, aiming to deeply investigate their photocatalytic degradation and photosensitive antimicrobial properties. A PCT Z-type heterojunction was successfully fabricated using melamine phosphate, cyanuric acid, and titanium dioxide. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of PCT Z-type heterojunctions were explored by FTIR, XRD, XPS, BET, SEM, UV-Vis DRS, TEM, EIS, and PL. A comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the structure, morphology, and optical properties of PCT Z-type heterojunctions was carried out. The photocatalytic degradation experiments revealed that PC3T Z-type heterojunctions exhibited an excellent degradation capability for methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The effect of PC3T on the adsorption–photocatalytic degradation of MB is more than 1.5 times that of a single titanium dioxide and P-doped carbon nitride. In the photosensitive antimicrobial performance study, PC3T reduced the survival rate of E. coli to 7%, after 120 min. Through free radical trapping experiments, it was shown that the hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals exerted an influence on the photocatalytic process. This study offers new ideas and approaches to address environmental pollution problems and holds significant theoretical and applied value.
Metal-Based Drug–DNA Interactions and Analytical Determination Methods
Authors: Hangan Adriana Corina , Oprean Luminița Simona , Dican Lucia , Procopciuc Lucia Maria , Sevastre Bogdan , Lucaciu Roxana Liana
Published: September 2024

DNA structure has many potential places where endogenous compounds and xenobiotics can bind. Therefore, xenobiotics bind along the sites of the nucleic acid with the aim of changing its structure, its genetic message, and, implicitly, its functions. Currently, there are several mechanisms known to be involved in DNA binding. These mechanisms are covalent and non-covalent interactions. The covalent interaction or metal base coordination is an irreversible binding and it is represented by an intra-/interstrand cross-link. The non-covalent interaction is generally a reversible binding and it is represented by intercalation between DNA base pairs, insertion, major and/or minor groove binding, and electrostatic interactions with the sugar phosphate DNA backbone. In the present review, we focus on the types of DNA–metal complex interactions (including some representative examples) and on presenting the methods currently used to study them.
Imaging and Image Fusion Using GPR and Ultrasonic Array Data to Support Structural Evaluations: A Case Study of a Prestressed Concrete Bridge
Authors: Schumacher Thomas
Published: September 2024

To optimally preserve and manage our civil structures, we need to have accurate information about their (1) geometry and dimensions, (2) boundary conditions, (3) material properties, and (4) structural conditions. The objective of this article is to show how imaging and image fusion using non-destructive testing (NDT) measurements can support structural engineers in performing accurate structural evaluations. The proposed methodology involves imaging using synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT)-based image reconstruction from ground penetrating radar (GPR) as well as ultrasonic echo array (UEA) measurements taken on multiple surfaces of a structural member. The created images can be combined using image fusion to produce a digital cross-section of the member. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated using a case study of a prestressed concrete bridge that required a bridge load rating (BLR) but where no as-built plans were available. Imaging and image fusion enabled the creation of a detailed cross-section, allowing for confirmation of the number and location of prestressing strands and the location and size of internal voids. This information allowed the structural engineer of record (SER) to perform a traditional bridge load rating (BLR), ultimately avoiding load restrictions being imposed on the bridge. The proposed methodology not only provides useful information for structural evaluations, but also represents a basis upon which the digitalization of our infrastructure can be achieved.
School-Based Eating Interventions—Are Students Eating Healthily?
Authors: Calle Mariana , Fondell Elinor
Published: September 2024

School nutrition is an important key modifier in terms of child and adolescent nutrient intake [...]
Assessment of Binge Eating Behavior, Body Shape Concerns, and Associated Factors among Female Adolescents of Northern Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alhuwaydi Ahmed M. , Alqahtani Ayidh Muflih , Alsadun Razan Saud , Alruwaili Ohud Saud , Thirunavukkarasu Ashokkumar , Abdel-Salam Doaa Mazen , Alanazi Yousef Salman A. , Al-Huwaidi Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud , Alhuwaydi Rakan Mohammed Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Globally, binge eating behavior has emerged as a significant public health concern, especially among female adolescents. Body shape concerns in female adolescents can lead to body dissatisfaction and other mental health issues. Using a cross-sectional study design, we evaluated the frequency of binge eating behavior, body shape concerns, and associated factors among 400 female adolescents. We utilized a pretested Arabic binge eating scale (BES) and a body shape questionnaire—shorter version (BSQ-8C) to collect the required data. We performed Spearman’s correlation analysis to find the strength and direction of the correlation between the BES and BSQ-8C scores. Finally, we applied binomial logistic regression analysis to identify the predictors of body shape concerns. Of the studied participants, 5.5% and 6.2% had medium and severe binge eating behavior. We found a significant positive correlation between the BES and BSQ-8C scores (rho = 0.434, p < 0.001). Also, we found that body shape concerns were significantly higher among the monthly family income category of 5000 to 7000 SAR (p = 0.005), the severe binge eating categories (p = 0.009), and obese adolescents (p = 0.001). The present study results can be applied to the development of focused interventions and strategies to address these concerns in this group.
Association of Dietary Patterns, Suspected Sarcopenia, and Frailty Syndrome among Older Adults in Poland—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gajda Robert , Jeżewska-Zychowicz Marzena , Raczkowska Ewa , Rak Karolina , Szymala-Pędzik Małgorzata , Noculak Łukasz , Sobieszczańska Małgorzata
Published: September 2024

Background: The association of sarcopenia and frailty syndrome with dietary patterns is not yet well recognized. The aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association among dietary patterns, suspected sarcopenia, and frailty syndrome among older people in Poland. Methods: The study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 among people aged 55 and older. The sample was chosen arbitrarily. The following questionnaires were used in the study: the KomPAN (assessment of frequency of food intake and sociodemographic characteristics), the SARC-F (assessment of risk of sarcopenia), and the EFS (diagnosis of frailty syndrome). To confirm the suspicion of sarcopenia, muscle strength was assessed using the HGS and FTSST, and physical fitness was assessed using the GST. Based on the frequency of food consumption, 11 DPs (factors) were selected using PCA analysis. SARC-F, HGS, FTSST, and GST results were used to identify homogeneous groups (clusters) using cluster analysis, a k-means method. Results: Two clusters were identified: cluster 1 (the non-sarcopenic cluster, or nSC) and cluster 2 (the sarcopenic cluster, or SC). Associations between variables were assessed using logistic regression. Suspected sarcopenia was found in 32.0% of respondents, more in men than women, and more among those either over 75 or 65 and under. EFS results showed that the risk (22.1%) or presence of frailty syndrome (23.8%) was more common in men than women and more common in those aged 75 and older than in other age groups. Male gender; older age; and unfavorable dietary patterns, i.e., consumption of white bread and bakery products, white rice and pasta, butter, and potatoes (factor 1) and cheese, cured meat, smoked sausages, and hot dogs (factor 9), increased the likelihood of sarcopenia and frailty syndrome, while the pattern associated with fruit and water consumption (factor 7) had the opposite effect. Conclusions: Confirmation of the importance of dietary patterns in the etiology and pathogenesis of sarcopenia and frailty syndrome should be documented in prospective cohort studies.
A Dose–Response Study on the Relationship between White Meat Intake and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in Southern Italy: Results from the Nutrihep Study
Authors: Guido Davide , Cerabino Nicole , Di Chito Martina , Donghia Rossella , Randazzo Cristiana , Bonfiglio Caterina , Giannelli Gianluigi , De Pergola Giovanni
Published: September 2024

(1) Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MASLD) is one of the most important causes of liver disease worldwide. Meat consumption is a growing trend and white meat has been shown to have beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose–response relationship between white meat intake and MASLD at survey level in a Southern Italy setting. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study encompassed 1192 subjects (509 males, 42.7%) without missing data from the second wave of the NUTRIHEP cohort (2014–2016). Adjusted dose–response modeling was employed for statistical analysis; (3) Results: There were 587 subjects with MASLD (49.2%), i.e., 278 males (54.6%) and 309 females (45.2%). By increasing the intake, an unfavorable influence of white meat on MASLD was significantly revealed in females, whereas a protective effect of white meat was detectable in males. Male sex was shown to be involved in other associations in this study, such as influencing the preference for specific foods such as poultry and chicken skin. (4) Conclusions: Our data suggest that white meat does not have a clear-cut independent dose–response effect on MASLD, but sex may be a trigger moderator for age and BMI, with an increasing unfavorable effect of white meat in women, and a favorable effect in men.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Effect of 3,4,5-Trimethoxylated Chalcones on Colorectal and Prostatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Letulle Cécile , Toublet François-Xavier , Pinon Aline , Hba Soufyane , Laurent Aurélie , Sol Vincent , Fagnère Catherine , Rioux Benjamin , Allais Florent , Michallet Sophie , Lafanechère Laurence , Limami Youness , Oudghiri Mounia , Othman Mohamed , Daïch Adam , Liagre Bertrand , Lawson Ata Martin , Pouget Christelle
Published: September 2024

In the context of designing innovative anticancer agents, the synthesis of a series of chalcones bearing a 3,4,5-trimethoxylated A ring and a variety of B rings, including phenols and original heterocycles such as chromones, was conducted. For this end, Claisen–Schmidt condensation was performed in basic or acidic conditions between the common starting material 3,4,5-trimethoxyacetophenone and appropriate aldehydes; this allowed the recovery of fifteen chalcones in moderate–good yields. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antiproliferative activity against colorectal and prostatic cancer cells, using a colorimetric MTT assay. Among the new chromonyl series, chalcone 13 demonstrates an interesting antiproliferative effect, with IC50 values in the range of 2.6–5.1 µM at 48 h. Then, our study evidenced that indolyl chalcone 10 exhibits excellent activity towards the selected cell lines (with IC50 less than 50 nM). This compound has already been described and has been shown to be a potent anticancer agent against other cancer cell lines. Our investigations highlighted apoptosis induction, through several pro-apoptotic markers, of these two heterocyclic chalcones. Considering phenolic chalcones, compounds 2 and 8 were found to be the most active against cell proliferation, exerting their effect by inducing the depolymerization of cell microtubules. The most promising compounds in this series will be selected for application in a strategy of vectorization by either active or passive targeting.
Discovery of Dual TRPA1 and TRPV1 Antagonists as Novel Therapeutic Agents for Pain
Authors: Do Nayeon , Zuo Dongxu , Kim Miri , Kim Minseok , Ha Hee-Jin , Blumberg Peter M. , Ann Jihyae , Hwang Sun Wook , Lee Jeewoo
Published: September 2024

Pain management remains a major challenge in medicine, highlighting the need for the development of new therapeutic agents. The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) are ion channels that play key roles in pain perception. Targeting both TRPA1 and TRPV1 simultaneously with dual antagonists offers a promising approach to pain relief. In this study, we investigated a series of hybrid analogs of TRPA1 and TRPV1 antagonists to discover novel therapeutic agents for pain. Among these compounds synthesized by a condensation reaction forming 1,2,4-oxadiazole between the A- and C-regions, compound 50 exhibited substantial dual-acting antagonism to TRPA1 and TRPV1 with IC50 values of 1.42, 2.84, 2.13, and 5.02 μM for hTRPA1, mTRPA1, hTRPV1, and rTRPV1, respectively. In the formalin test, compound 50 demonstrated dose-dependent analgesic activity with an ED50 of 85.9 mg/kg in phase 1 and 21.6 mg/kg in phase 2, respectively, and was able to inhibit pain behavior completely at a dose of 100 mg/kg. This study presents the discovery and characterization of a novel dual TRPA1/TRPV1 antagonist, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for pain management.
Induction of Non-Canonical Ferroptosis by Targeting Clusters Suppresses Glioblastoma
Authors: Cao Kai , Xue Liyuan , Luo Kaidi , Huo Wendi , Ruan Panpan , Xia Dongfang , Yao Xiuxiu , Zhao Wencong , Gao Liang , Gao Xueyun
Published: September 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor. There is a pressing need to develop novel treatment strategies due to the poor targeting effect of current therapeutics. Here, a gold cluster coated with optimized GBM-targeting peptide is engineered, namely NA. NA can efficiently target GBM both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the uptake of NA significantly sensitizes GBM cells to ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death that can bypass the tumor resistance to apoptosis. This effect is exerted through regulating the HO-1-dependent iron ion metabolism, which is the non-canonical pathway of ferroptosis. The combined treatment of a ferroptosis inducer and NA profoundly inhibited tumor growth in both the GBM spheroid model and a syngeneic mouse model with enhanced ferroptosis levels and excellent biosafety. Importantly, the infiltration of tumoricidal lymphocytes is also significantly increased within tumor. Therefore, NA presents a potential novel nanomaterial-based strategy for GBM treatment.
In-Vivo Dosimetry for Ultra-High Dose Rate (UHDR) Electron Beam FLASH Radiotherapy Using an Organic (Plastic), an Organic–Inorganic Hybrid and an Inorganic Point Scintillator System
Authors: Vanreusel Verdi , Vallet Hugo , Wijnen Jordi , Côté Benjamin , Leblans Paul , Sterckx Paul , Vandenbroucke Dirk , Verellen Dirk , de Freitas Nascimento Luana
Published: September 2024

Dosimetry is crucial in radiotherapy to warrant safe and correct treatment. In FLASH radiotherapy, where ultra-high dose rates (UHDRs) are used, the dosimetric demands are more stringent, requiring the development and investigation of new dosemeters. In this study, three prototype fiber-optic dosemeters (FODs)—an inorganic, an organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide, and an organic (plastic) scintillator are optimized and investigated for UHDR electron irradiations. The plastic FOD is developed by Medscint, whereas the others are in-house made. The stem signal is minimized by spectral decomposition for the plastic scintillator, and by band-pass wavelength filters for the inorganic and organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide FOD. All prototypes are tested for the dose rate defining parameters. The optimal band-pass wavelength filters are found to be centered around 500 nm and 425 nm for the inorganic and organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide FODs, respectively. A sampling frequency of 1000 Hz is chosen for the inorganic and organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide FODs. The plastic FOD shows to be the least dose rate dependent with maximum deviations of 3% from the reference for the relevant beam settings. The inorganic and organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide FODs, in contrast, show large deviations of >10% from the reference and require more investigation. The current FOD prototypes are insufficient for application in UHDR electron beams, and require further development and investigation.