bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating adaptive predictions for packaging-critical quality parameters using advanced analytics and machine learning
Authors: RECHTIN CYDNEY , RANJAN CHITTA , LEWIS ANTHONY , ZARKO BETH ANN
Published: December 2019

Packaging manufacturers are challenged to achieve consistent strength targets and maximize production while reducing costs through smarter fiber utilization, chemical optimization, energy reduction, and more. With innovative instrumentation readily accessible, mills are collecting vast amounts of data that provide them with
ever increasing visibility into their processes. Turning this visibility into actionable insight is key to successfully exceeding customer expectations and reducing costs.
Predictive analytics supported by machine learning can provide real-time quality measures that remain robust and accurate in the face of changing machine conditions. These adaptive quality “soft sensors” allow for more informed, on-the-fly process changes; fast change detection; and process control optimization without requiring
periodic model tuning. The use of predictive modeling in the paper industry has increased in recent years; however, little attention has been given to packaging finished quality. The use of machine learning to maintain prediction relevancy under everchanging machine conditions is novel. In this paper, we demonstrate the process of establishing real-time, adaptive quality predictions in an industry focused on reel-to-reel quality control, and we discuss the value created through the availability and use of real-time critical quality.
Characterization of spruce thermomechanical pulps at the fiber cell wall level: a method for quantitatively assessing pulp fiber development using Simons’ stain
Authors: FERNANDO DINESH , DANIEL GEOFFREY
Published: December 2019

Fiber development of mechanical pulps is normally assessed by a combination of conventional numerical analyses of fiber features using FiberMaster, PulpEye, and Kajaani instruments. When observed, changes in fiber morphology are normally subjective with use of light- and electron microscopy observations of representative fibers. Thus, visualization and quantification of changes in the fiber cell wall, like delaminaton/internal fibrillation (D/IF) induced during processing, would offer a great advantage. Here, we developed a method using Simons’ stain (SS) that allows quantification of pulp fiber development in terms of fiber wall D/IF during different process conditions, as well as statistical analysis of whole pulp fiber populations of different thermomechanical pulp (TMP) types for the degree of D/IF developed in pulp fibers. The attributes of SS for producing different colored reactions (blue, green, orange, etc.) in pulp fibers through cell wall modification during processing were used in correlation with light microscopy. The method readily measured the degree of cell wall D/IF of pulp fibers from different double-disc refined TMPs produced using varying levels of specific energy and refining pressures. The SS method revealed the presence of five sub-fiber populations in a whole pulp of a given TMP type representing different categories of fibers that possessed varying degrees of cell wall D/IF as a result of process conditions/treatments. Results of statistical analysis indicated that, while D/IF was significantly induced by both the applied refining pressure and specific energy, the effect of energy had the greatest influence. Based on statistical analysis for Bauer McNett fractions of 10, 30, and 50 mesh, we suggest that fraction 30 is the most suitable fiber fraction for the analysis of TMPs using fiber characterization procedures, as this fraction possesses the most treated fibers. The method provided useful information regarding pulp fiber development at the cell wall level that has the potential to explain pulp and paper properties developed in furnishes. The present SS method represents a valuable tool for assessing fiber development at the cell wall level in mechanical pulping.
Ozone-enhanced bleaching of softwood kraft pulp
Authors: HOSTACHY JEAN-CHRISTOPHE
Published: December 2019

By using ozone in their bleaching processes, many hardwood pulp mills in various parts of the world have improved product quality and their environmental and process performance, and reduced operating costs to increase competitiveness. The challenge for softwood pulp is to rethink the use of ozone according to their specific requirements. This paper summarizes results obtained using ozone bleaching on softwood (Pinus radiata) kraft pulp, for which the brightening ability of limited ozone dosages can enhance the economic benefits without impairing pulp quality. This work evaluated the chemical justification to use ozone at the end of the bleaching sequence and the effect on pulp quality, and considered the practical consequences of this new option. Special attention was given to the economic and technical aspects, including investment cost, variable cost, and process implementation. Ozone was shown to be the ideal complement of chlorine dioxide for final pulp bleaching. Both chemicals can easily be combined at the end of the bleaching sequence. Taking into account pulp mill capacity, capital investment, and total operating cost, the financial savings were calculated to be in the range of EUR 5 million (USD 6 million) per year, with a payback period of about 1.5 years.
Smelt spout corrosion in a recovery boiler
Authors: TÔRRES RIBEIRO JULIO CÉSAR , CARDOSO MARCELO , TRAN HONGHI
Published: December 2019

Severe corrosion led to an in-service failure of one of the six spouts on a recovery boiler at Cenibra. The failure resulted in a large amount of cooling water entering the boiler and contacting smelt around the spout opening, but fortunately no smelt-water explosion occurred. An extensive investigation was conducted to determine the causes of the spout failure. The failure was caused by insufficient cooling water flow to the smelt spout, which, in turn, was caused by a sequence of events that occurred after a general blackout of an electrical energy system at the mill. The experience has led to the development and placement of operating and maintenance procedures that ensure adequate cooling water flows to smelt spouts to prevent future failures.
Optimization of elemental chlorine-free bleaching for a softwood kraft pulp • part 2: economic analysis of chemical and steam consumption
Authors: BROGDON BRIAN N.
Published: December 2019

Our previous investigation [1] re-analyzed the data from Basta and co-workers (1992 TAPPI Pulping Conference) to demonstrate how oxidative alkaline extraction can be augmented and how these changes affect chlorine dioxide consumption with elemental chlorine-free (ECF) sequences. The current study manipulates extraction delignification variables to curtail bleaching costs with a conventional U.S. Southern softwood kraft pulp. The economic advantages of ~0.35% to 0.65% H2O2 peroxide reinforcement in a 70°C (EOP)-stage versus 90°C (EO)-stage are predisposed to the brightness targets, to short or long bleach sequences, and to mill energy costs. Minimized bleaching costs are generally realized when a 90°C (EO) is employed in D0(EO)D1 bleaching, whereas a 70°C (EOP) is economically advantageous for D0(EOP)D1E2D2 bleaching. The findings we disclose here help to clarify previous ECF optimization studies of conventional softwood kraft pulps.
In-furnace temperature and heat flux mapping in a kraft recovery boiler
Authors: BRINK ANDERS , LAURÉN TOR , HUPA MIKKO , KOSCHACK RALF , MUELLER CHRISTIAN
Published: December 2019

Gas temperatures, incident heat flux, and surface temperatures were measured in a large kraft recovery boiler. The measurements were a part of an extensive campaign planned and carried out to support validation of models based on computational fluid dynamics. The gas temperatures were measured with three different techniques: infrared (IR) pyrometer, suction pyrometer, and unshielded thermocouples. In addition to the temperature measurements, the radiative heat flux was measured in a number of locations in the boiler using a portable heat flux probe, and the surface temperatures inside the boiler were measured using a portable single-band IR camera.
Superhydrophobic paper coating containing nonconventional clay
Authors: MESIC BEHUDIN (BEKO) , KUGGE CHRISTIAN , JÄRNSTRÖM LARS
Published: December 2019

Hydrophobic clay fillers have not been widely used in dispersion coatings for linerboard because of the difficulty of dispersing them in water. This work investigated whether hydrophobic clay can be used as filler in barrier dispersion coatings. Hydrophobic clay was compared with conventional clay in terms of coating consolidation, structure, wetting, and barrier performance. All coatings were applied to linerboard sheets made using a laboratory dynamic sheet former. The coated linerboards were examined using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and were characterized with respect to water absorption, vapor transmission rate, and contact angles. The results show that a coating containing hydrophobic clay provides a superhydrophobic character to paper; i.e., a high water contact angle (150°) and relatively low water absorption. Raman mapping of cross-sections revealed that the latex distribution is uniform in the presence of either conventional clay or hydrophobic clay, and that the distribution of hydrophobic clay tends to be more uniform than conventional clay, which might reflect good mixing and consolidation of hydrophobic clay.
Balances de Historia Ambiental en América Latina
Authors: Dutra e Silva Sandro , Miraglia Marina , Picado Wilson
Published: December 2019

Balances de Historia Ambiental en América Latina
Leukemia cells remodel marrow adipocytes via TRPV4-dependent lipolysis
Authors: Shaoxin Yang  , Wei Lu  , Chong Zhao  , Yuanmei Zhai  , Yanyu Wei  , Jiali Liu  , Yehua Yu  , Zhiqiang Li  , Jun Shi
Published: December 2019

Remodeling of adipocyte morphology and function plays a critical role in prostate cancer development. We previously reported that leukemia cells secrete growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)，which remodels the residual bone marrow (BM) adipocytes into small adipocytes and is associated with a poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, little is known about how GDF15 drives BM adipocyte remodeling. In this study, we examined the role of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels in the remodeling of BM adipocytes exposed to GDF15. We found that TRPV4 negatively regulated GDF15-induced remodeling of BM adipocytes. Furthermore, transforming growth factor-β type II receptor (TGFβRII) was identified as the main receptor for GDF15 on BM adipocytes. PI3K inhibitor treatment reduced GDF15-induced pAKT, identifying PI3K/AKT as the downstream stress response pathway. Subsequently, GDF15 reduced the expression of the transcription factor Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) in BM adipocytes subjected to RNA-seq screening and Western blot analyse. Moreover, it was also confirmed that FOXC1 combined with the TRPV4 promoter by the Chip-qPCR experiments, which suggests that FOXC1 mediates GDF15 regulation of TRPV4. In addition, an AML mouse model exhibited smaller BM adipocytes, whereas the TRPV4 activator 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4αPDD) partly rescued this process and increased survival. In conclusion, TRPV4 plays a critical role in BM adipocyte remodeling induced by leukemia cells, suggesting that targeting TRPV4 may constitute a novel strategy for AML therapy.
Distal and proximal hypoxia response elements cooperate to regulate organ-specific erythropoietin gene expression
Authors: Ilaria M.C. Orlando  , Véronique N. Lafleur  , Federica Storti  , Patrick Spielmann  , Lisa Crowther  , Sara Santambrogio  , Johannes Schödel  , David Hoogewijs  , David R. Mole  , Roland H. Wenger
Published: December 2019

While it is well-established that distal hypoxia response elements (HREs) regulate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) target genes such as erythropoietin (Epo), an interplay between multiple distal and proximal (promoter) HREs has not been described so far. Hepatic Epo expression is regulated by a HRE located downstream of the EPO gene, but this 3' HRE is dispensable for renal EPO gene expression. We previously identified a 5' HRE and could show that both HREs direct exogenous reporter gene expression. Here, we show that whereas in hepatic cells the 3' but not the 5' HRE is required, in neuronal cells both the 5' and 3' HREs contribute to endogenous Epo induction. Moreover, two novel putative HREs were identified in the EPO promoter. In hepatoma cells HIF interacted mainly with the distal 3' HRE, but in neuronal cells HIF most strongly bound the promoter, to a lesser extent the 3' HRE, and not at all the 5' HRE. Interestingly, mutation of either of the two distal HREs abrogated HIF binding to the 3' and promoter HREs. These results suggest that a canonical functional HRE can recruit multiple, not necessarily HIF, transcription factors to mediate HIF binding to different distant HREs in an organ-specific manner.
Treatment of patients with MYC rearrangement positive large B-cell lymphoma with R-CHOP plus lenalidomide: results of a multicenter HOVON phase II trial
Authors: Martine E.D. Chamuleau  , Coreline N. Burggraaff  , Marcel Nijland  , Katerina Bakunina  , Rogier Mous  , Pieternella J. Lugtenburg  , Daan Dierickx  , Gustaaf W. van Imhoff  , Joost S.P. Vermaat  , Erik A.F. Marijt  , Otto Visser  , Caroline Mandigers  , Yavuz M. Bilgin  , Aart Beeker  , Mark F. Durian  , Bas van Rees  , Lara H. Bohmer  , Lidwine W. Tick  , Rinske S. Boersma  , Tjeerd J.F. Snijders  , Harry C. Schouten  , Harry R. Koene  , Eva de Jongh  , Nathalie Hijmering  , Arjan Diepstra  , Anke van den Berg  , Anne I.J. Arens  , Julia Huijbregts  , Otto Hoekstra  , Josee M. Zijlstra  , Daphne de Jong  , Marie José Kersten
Published: December 2019

Patients with MYC-rearrangement positive large B-cell lymphoma (MYC+ LBCL) have an inferior prognosis following standard first-line therapy with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP) as compared to patients without MYC rearrangement. Although intensive chemotherapy regimens yield higher remission rates, toxicity remains a concern. Lenalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory drug which downregulates MYC and its target genes thereby providing support using lenalidomide as additional therapeutic option for MYC+ LBCL. A phase II trial was conducted evaluating the efficacy of lenalidomide (15 mg day 1-14) in combination with R-CHOP (R2CHOP) in newly diagnosed MYC+ LBCL patients identified through a nationwide MYC-FISH screening program. The primary endpoint was complete metabolic response (CMR) on centrally reviewed 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-computer tomography (CT)-scan at end-of-treatment. Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and event-free survival (EFS). Eighty-two patients with stage II-IV MYC+ LBCL were treated with 6 cycles of R2CHOP. At EOT, 67% (confidence interval (CI) 58-75%) of the patients reached CMR. With a median follow-up of 25.4 months, 2-year estimates (95% CI) for OS, DFS, EFS were 73% (62-82%), 75% (63-84%) and 63% (52-73%) respectively. In this prospective trial for newly diagnosed MYC+ LBCL patients, we found that administering R2CHOP was safe, and yields comparable CMR and survival rates as in studies applying more intensive chemotherapy regimens. Hence, these findings offer new prospects for MYC+ LBCL patients and warrant comparison in prospective randomized clinical trials. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu (#2014-002654-39).
Miten aikuisten perustaidot määritellään?
Authors: Mäkinen Maarit
Published: December 2019

Analysoin artikkelissa aikuisten perustaitojen määrittelyä diskurssin eri tasoilla eli instituutioiden ja käytäntöjen muokkaamina puheina sekä teksteinä, jotka vaikuttavat sosiaalisen todellisuutemme ymmärtämiseen. Tarkastelun kohteena ovat yhteiskuntapoliittisen ja toiminnallisen tason diskurssit, joita edustavat Taloudellisen kehityksen ja yhteistyön järjestön OECD:n teettämä kansainvälinen PIAAC-aikuistutkimus, Suomen opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriön Taito-ohjelma (2014–2020) sekä ohjelmaan kuuluvien hanketoimijoiden ja kohderyhmien haastattelut. Huomioni diskurssissa on kiinnittynyt erityisesti aikuisten perustaitojen määrittelyyn, niiden heikkouksiin ja kehittämisehdotuksiin. Analyysini ei pyri tulkitsemaan perustaitojen tilannetta sellaisenaan vaan sen argumentointia. Kansainvälisen OECD:n asiantuntijadiskurssin vaikutus perustaitojen määrittelyyn on ilmeinen. OECD nimeää perustaidoksi luku-, numero- ja ongelmanratkaisutaidot teknologisesti kehittyneissä ympäristöissä. Sen tulkinta kansalaisten tarvitsemista perustaidoista ohjaa kansallisen koulutuspolitiikan retoriikkaa, mikä edelleen antaa suuntaa koulutuksen toteuttajille. Tulkinta on kuitenkin yksinkertaistava ilman diskurssin muiden tasojen kuten paikallisten aikuiskoulutuksen ammattilaisten näkemysten huomioimista ja näiden välistä dialogisuutta. Pyrin lisäämään taitopuheen moniäänisyyttä ja nostamaan esiin vaihtoehtoisia ja paikallisia puheenvuoroja. Tarkoitukseni on tuoda diskurssin sisältämiä valtasuhteita näkyviksi ja kyseenalaistaa yksipuolistavia tulkintoja.
Kohti transkulttuurista mediaosaamista korkeakoulutuksessa
Authors: Koponen Minna , Kotilainen Sirkku
Published: December 2019

Kansainvälisten korkeakoulututkintoa suorittavien opiskelijoiden määrä on lisääntynyt merkittävästi Suomessa (Tilastokeskus 2016). Opiskelijoiden arki toteutuu usein transkulttuurisina eli ylikulttuurisina mediasuhteina mobiilisti verkossa, kuten peliyhteisöissä ja muissa harrasteyhteisöissä. Henry Jenkins, Mizuko Ito ja danah boyd (2016) puhuvat verkottuneesta osallisuuden kulttuurista, jonka käytänteet ovat sekä lokaaleja että globaaleja. Artikkelissamme kysymme, miten transkulttuurisia mediasuhteita voidaan edistää opetuksessa osaksi mediaosaamista. Millaista mediaosaamista tällöin rakentuu? Tutkimuskirjallisuudessa ei ole juuri pohdittu transkulttuurisia kysymyksiä suhteessa mediataitoihin tai mediakasvatukseen. Avaamme keskustelun kokoamalla tutkijoiden näkökulmia transkulttuurisista kompetensseista ja mediakompetensseista, joita peilaamme empiirisen laadulliseen tapausaineistoon. Toimintatutkimus toteutettiin opetuskokeiluna opettajankoulutuksen alueelle sijoittuvassa Erasmus+-rahoitteisessa eMel-hankkeessa (eMel.org) kansainvälisellä maisteriopintojen kurssilla. Lähtökohtana oli kehittää erityisesti sosiaaliseen mediaan kiinnittyviä pedagogisia työtapoja, mutta kurssin ensisijainen tavoite oli edistää opiskelijoiden ymmärrystä ylikulttuurisesta mediaosaamisesta. Aineisto koostuu maisteriopiskelijoiden mediaelämäkerroista ja niiden pohjalta käytyjen ryhmäkeskustelujen koosteista sekä kurssin oppimispäiväkirjoista (N = 18). Tutkimus osoittaa, että kurssilla opiskelijoiden ymmärrys lisääntyi kulttuurisensitiivisenä herkkyytenä mediasuhteisiin ja mediaan. Kulttuurisensitiivisyys näyttäytyi erityisesti informatiivisina, kriittisinä ja eettisinä ulottuvuuksina oppimisessa. Esitämme, että näihin ulottuvuuksiin pohjautuvaan transkulttuuriseen mediaosaamiseen keskitytään nykyistä enemmän etenkin opettajien ja eri alojen ohjaajien koulutuksessa.
The Exact Solutions of Conformable Fractional Partial Differential Equations Using New Sub Equation Method
Authors: KURT Ali , TASBOZAN Orkun , Durur Hulya
Published: December 2019

In this article, authors employed the new sub equation method to attain  new traveling wave solutions of conformable time fractional partial differential equations. Conformable fractional derivative is a well behaved, applicable and understandable definition of arbitrary order derivation. Also this derivative obeys the basic properties that Newtonian concept satisfies. In this study authors obtained the exact solution for KDV equation where the fractional derivative is in conformable sense. New solutions are obtained in terms of the generalized version of the trigonometric functions.
Lack of Significant Audiometric Changes Under Hypobaric Hypoxia at 15,000 ft
Authors: Lucertini Marco , Lancia Stefania , Sanjust Filippo , Guadagno Anton G. , Lucertini Lorenzo , Sisto Renata
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was pure tone audiometry (PTA) evaluation in normal individuals exposed to hypobaric hypoxia, taking into account the influence of air rarefaction on sound transmission via a standard earphone.METHODS: The study was conducted in a
hypobaric chamber using a standard audiometer and a TDH-39P earphone whose performance at altitudes was analyzed in a previous research. Eight male volunteers underwent PTA testing at ground level and at 15,000 ft under normoxia (via an oxygen mask) and after 20 min of hypoxia. Auditory threshold
at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz was recorded from the right ear while monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (Sao2). The PTA data obtained at high altitude were corrected according to a specific recalibration table.RESULTS: During hypoxia, a significant threshold
shift was observed only at 4000 Hz, with respect to ground level recording, for the sole not-corrected data. At the same frequency a significant threshold shift was also observed between the ground level recording and normoxia at 15,000 ft, confirming the presence of a hypobaric effect not
related to hypoxia. After the recalibration procedure, this hearing impairment was not significant. No correlation with Sao2 levels was observed.DISCUSSION: The mild and not significant presence of high altitude-induced PTA derangements in healthy normal individuals
was documented, although a stimulus recalibration was needed for a correct interpretation of our data.Lucertini M, Lancia S, Sanjust F, Guadagno AG, Lucertini L, Sisto R. Lack of significant audiometric changes under hypobaric hypoxia at 15,000 ft. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020;
91(1):32–36.
The Life of Don Shields: from Atmospheric Nuclear Tests to the Lunar Module
Authors: Douglas David B. , Cagle Yvonne
Published: December 2019

INTRODUCTION: In this article, we recount some aspects of the tremendous life of Don Shields. As a young Air Force pilot, Don Shields flew the B57 aircraft through the actual nuclear cloud during nuclear weapons blast explosions in Operation Dominic. The data he collected was
of vital importance to our country's nuclear weapons program. Don Shields knew of the tremendous risk of radiation but served our country at the call of duty. After his military service, Don Shields served as the subject matter expert for the Apollo lunar module and worked directly with Commander
Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin in training them on the module. During the Apollo 11 mission, Don Shields was being interviewed by Walter Cronkite on the epic Moon landing coverage. Unfortunately, later in life Don Shields suffered from cataracts and leukemia, both of which
are known to be related to high radiation exposures. During his old age, Don Shields volunteered at the NASA Ames Museum and inspired generations of young individuals towards the space mission.Douglas DB, Cagle Y. The life of Don Shields: from atmospheric nuclear tests to the lunar
module. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(1):56–58.
Spatial Disorientation Survey Among Military Pilots
Authors: Pennings Helena J.M. , Oprins Esther A.P.B. , Wittenberg Hans , Houben Mark M.J. , Groen Eric L.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Spatial disorientation (SD) remains a significant cause of accidents and near accidents. A variety of training methods have been used to assist pilots to anticipate the SD problem. The value of such training in the prevention of disorientation has been difficult to
assess.METHODS: To study transfer of SD awareness training, we related reported incidents to the content and frequency of SD awareness training received. The questionnaire was completed by 368 out of 495 pilots; 189 currently flying fixed-wing, and 150 flying rotary-wing aircraft.
On average, their age was 38, and they had 2466 flight hours on-type.RESULTS: Respondents gave high ratings for the importance of SD training and their awareness of SD, the latter being one of the training objectives. The amount of SD training received by respondents was positively
correlated with ratings for appreciation and importance. Self-rated awareness was positively correlated with the number of reported SD experiences. Although the correlations were below 0.50, the results provide an indication that SD training is effective. In total, respondents reported 5773
SD experiences, 195 of them resulting in a serious risk for flight safety. Narratives of these serious events show that, in many cases, pilots managed their SD by carefully checking the flight instruments, and also by good crew coordination.DISCUSSION: The results of the survey
provide some evidence, although based on subjective reports, for transfer of SD training. The results of the SD experiences can be used to improve the SD training in terms of content and frequency.Pennings HJM, Oprins EAPB, Wittenberg H, Houben MMJ, Groen EL. Spatial disorientation
survey among military pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(1):4–10.
SYNTHESIS, PHOTO- AND ELECTROCATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED Ce–TiO2 FILMS
Authors: Vorobets Vera , Kolbasov Gennadii , Oblovatna Svitlana , Salamakha Oleg , Karpenko Sergii , Rusetskyi Ihor
Published: December 2019

Electrocatalytic films based on nanodispersed titanium dioxide modified by Ce(III) were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction and ultraviolet-visible photocurrent spectra. The average size of nanoparticles was no more thаn 11 nm. The XRD results indicated that TiO2 and Ce–TiO2 electrodes with Ce concentrations up to 5 % calcined at 500°C consisted of anatase as the unique phase.  The photocurrent spectra of the Ce–TiO2 electrodes (0 ≤ Ce concentration ≤ 2% mol.)  showed a stronger current in the UV range and a shift in the flat-band potential (Еfb) towards more negative values than that of  TiO2 electrodes. Electrocatalytic properties of TiO2 and Ce–TiO2 electrodes were investigated in the process of oxygen electroreduction. It has been found by I–E curves measurements that the potential of oxygen reduction changes with the film composition. Modifying of TiO2 films by Ce(III)  improves catalytic activity of Ce–TiO2 electrodes ( Ce concentration up to 2% mol.)  in the reaction of oxygen electroreduction, that appears in decreasing of oxygen reduction potential EO2 and increasing of dynamic range of O2 electroreduction potentials.  The high electrocatalytic activity of Ce–TiO2 electrodes in the oxygen reduction process may be due to the formation of catalytically active centers which activity may decrease in the presence of an amorphous phase. The correlation between photo- and electrocatalytic properties and structural changes occurring in Ce–TiO2 films on increasing the cerium content is observed.  The electrodes investigated were distinguished by a high sensitivity to dissolved oxygen ((4-5)∙10-6 g·l-1) and high reproducibility of characteristics in long-time cycling. These electrodes promise much as reusable electrode materials in electrochemical sensors for the determination of oxygen in liquids.
Chronicle of the International Scientific Conference «Problems of studying the variability in anthropology. New in the diversity of the traditional» dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the eminent anthropologist, Doctor of Sciences (History), Professor Alexander Alexandrovich Zubov (1934–2013) (Moscow, May 13th–16th, 2019).
Authors: Lejbova Natalya A. , Dedik Alyona V.
Published: December 2019

The article is a chronicle of the past International Scientific Conference «Problems of studying the variability in anthropology. New in the diversity of the traditional» dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the eminent anthropologist, Doctor of Sciences (History), Professor A.A. Zubov. The main purpose of the conference was to present his scientific heritage. The reports outlined achievements of the scientific area formed by Zubov – dental anthropology. The conference discussed the current state and prospects for development of physical anthropology in Russian and world science. The role of new methods and new theoretical developments taking into account anthropological diversity was shown. The importance of anthropology in the integration of sciences was also presented.
Maxim Grigorievich Levin (1904–1963): 115 years since birth
Authors: Gerasimova Margarita M.
Published: December 2019

The essay is dedicated to the memory of Maxim Grigorievich Levin, who was deputy director of the Institute of Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences, head of the anthropology sector in the distant 50s of the last century. Levin was a major anthropologist and ethnographer who devoted his life to the study of anthropology and ethnography of the peoples of Siberia and the Far East. He made a significant contribution to the methodology of studying such a complex historical phenomenon as ethnogenesis
Investigation of Milling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic
Authors: Horváth Richárd , Stadler Róbert Gábor , Andrásfalvy Kristóf
Published: December 2019

The use of fiber-reinforced plastics has increased significantly in the past decades. Consequently, the demand for finishing and machining of such materials has also escalated. During machining, the fiber-reinforced materials exhibit machining problems dissimilar to the problems of metals. These are fiber pull-out, fiber breakage in the cutting zone, matrix smearing and delamination. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the characteristics of the resultant force (Fe) dur-ing the milling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic as a function of input machining parameters. For the force measurements, CFR with perpendicular (0°-90°) fiber orientation was machined. The experimental design involved the central composite design method. To analyze and evaluate the measurements, we applied the response surface methodology.
« Utopie et désenchantement »: la joie de la cour arthurienne dans le Lancelot en prose
Authors: Combarieu du Grès Micheline de , Noacco Christina
Published: December 2019

L’étude de la joie de la cour dans le cycle du Lancelot en prose (le Lancelot propre, La Quête du Saint Graal et La Mort du roi Arthur ) permet de suivre l’épanouissement et la décadence d’un idéal qui conduit des festivités mondaines à la joie pardurable : la seule « cité harmonieuse », la Civitas Dei , n’est pas de ce monde.
Logiques du Bateau ivre
Authors: Murphy Steve
Published: December 2019

Transformé par l’anecdote en symbole… de la naissance du Symbolisme,

Le Bateau ivre a pu apparaître comme un requiem pour le Parnasse. La relation à la mouvance parnassienne prendrait plutôt ici la forme d’une ambivalence, cette allégorie plurivalente reposant sur les poétiques de l’ effet de Poe et de Baudelaire, d’où un texte expérimental proche des conceptions exposées dans la lettre dite du Voyant du 15 mai 1871. Il aurait comme thèmes allégoriques principaux, étroitement imbriqués, le passage de l’enfance à l’âge adulte, l’ivresse, le destin du Voyant et l’aventure révolutionnaire de la Commune. Après une prise en compte des traits «satyriques » du poème et de leur interférence avec le lyrisme prototypique, l’analyse tente de montrer que Rimbaud met en scène un sujet bateau naïf, inconscient des dangers et des paradoxes de la liberté, qui finit par atteindre un degré de cette lucidité qui lui manquait grâce à la rétrospection et surtout à l’ironie. Le lecteur doit se méfier de l’énonciation naïve qui reproduit les illusions de perspective indissociables de la poésie romantique «inspirée » . Outre cet apprentissage de la distance critique, le poème offre une vision mélancolique dans l’ombre projetée par la Semaine sanglante. Les traits rhétoriques et formels du Bateau ivre confirment que le poème est né d’un travail d’une extrême acuité.
Le « génie tout libre » de « l’incomparable auteur de l’Art de conférer » : ce que l’écriture de Pascal doit à Montaigne
Authors: Sève Bernard
Published: December 2019

Si Montaigne est pour Pascal «l’incomparable auteur de l’Art de conférer » , c’est qu’il libère la pensée des formes scolastiques et sait que la " droite méthode" n’existe pas ; sa manière libre d’écrire frappe l’esprit, se fait mémoriser et citer. Pourtant l’essai montanien, zététique et fortement modalisé, est très éloigné du style militant et antithétique de Pascal, comme le montrent les réécritures pascaliennes de certains passages des Essais . Mais une proximité plus profonde rapproche les deux auteurs : l’un comme l’autre ont traversé un moment de crise (la retraite pour l’un, la nuit de la seconde conversion pour l’autre), qui détermine dans les deux cas une entrée en écriture. Le chapitre «De l’oisiveté » exerce dans les Essais , structuralement et intellectuellement, une fonction homologue à celle du «Mémorial » par rapport aux Pensées . Toutefois, là où Pascal se soumet à l’autorité de l’institution, Montaigne s’engage dans une entreprise totalement libre. Pascal a éprouvé la force de la manière d’écrire de Montaigne, mais il ne pouvait finalement que l’écarter
L’aviateur enterré ou la démythification de l’image de l’aviateur dans l’œuvre de Romain Gary
Authors: Catonné Jean-marie
Published: December 2019

Le récit autobiographique de La promesse de l’aube enterre la légende de l’aviateur dans un " roman" d’inspiration picaresque qui enchante le lecteur et déroute par ses affabulations, opposant la vérité de l’art à la réalité historique. Engagé dans l’histoire de la Seconde Guerre mondiale comme peu d’écrivains le furent, Gary n’est jamais prisonnier des faits. Il affirme même que «son souci de l’art s’est à chaque instant glissé entre l’événement et son expression littéraire » . Le romancier est omniprésent dans cette Promesse , comme il l’est dans toute son oeuvre où le travail de l’imagination nourrit sa plume et fertilise sa mémoire. Gary est un écrivain qui fut aviateur, non un aviateur-écrivain.
«Burn, baby, burn»
Authors: Hangouët Jean-François
Published: December 2019

Les personnages de l’oeuvre de Romain Gary sont souvent pris dans des situations de bas-fonds, où la confrontation aux misères de toutes sortes révèle le caractère inaliénable de «la part du bon chien dans l’homme » et promet son épanouissement complet, un jour, par-delà toutes les contingences – à la condition d’y veiller activement. Cet article se tourne vers la culture et la littérature des bas-fonds, à la recherche en son domaine d’un symbole susceptible de véhiculer la qualité et les aspirations révolutionnaires de celui qui s’est nommé Gary en se réclamant d’un mot russe qui veut dire «burn » – «comme dans «Burn, baby, burn » » , le slogan des émeutiers noirs américains de Watts en 1965 – et qui n’a cessé de proclamer dans ses livres que « l’homme se fera ».
Éthique de la « dilecture » : empathie et communauté
Authors: Rodriguez Antonio
Published: December 2019

Antonio Rodriguez

Ethique de la dilecture, empathie et communauté

La «dilecture » est un genre emblématique de la démarche de Guy Goffette. Elle offre un parallèle en poésie avec ce que l’auteur pratique en prose dans la collection « L’un et l’autre ». La dilecture vise à évoquer, de manière sensible et participative, la vie et l’œuvre d’un autre écrivain, ou d’un artiste, notamment lorsqu’il traverse des moments de solitude ou de détresse. Le genre, dont l’appellation est formée à partir d’un mot-valise entre la «dilection » chrétienne et la lecture, engage les stratégies d’une mise en abyme de l’empathie en littérature, allant d’une communauté d’auteurs choisis à une évocation des lieux oubliés de la mémoire collective. C’est en effet à partir d’une tension entre la «faillibilité » et la recherche d’élévation de figures culturelles majeures que se construisent généralement les dilectures. Ainsi, elles permettent à la fois un décentrement de soi dans l’évocation lyrique et une exploration incarnée de souffrances d’écrivains, souvent occultée par l’histoire littéraire.
Du roman à la critique : l’exemple de l’histoire
Authors: Soutet Josette
Published: December 2019

Josette Soutet

«Du roman à la critique : l’exemple de l’Histoire»

Contradicteur des historiens, Barbey l’est aussi vis-à-vis de lui-même. Lorsqu’il définit l’historien idéal, lequel conjugue l’impartialité du savant, le talent du peintre, la partialité du juge surnaturellement informé, dont l’empathie avec son sujet lui donne un don divinatoire et la capacité de ressusciter le passé, c’est la figure de Michelet qui apparaît en filigrane. Elle affleure encore à travers la mise en regard de l’œuvre critique et de l’œuvre romanesque de Barbey, où il apparaît plus généralement que la critique historique et le roman s’informent mutuellement. S’agissant de la peinture des Bourbon, l’opposition idéologique entre Barbey et Michelet serait donc à reconsidérer.
« Il n’y a rien ici pour les professeurs » Note sur les défis de Bernanos dans Sous le soleil de Satan
Authors: Morello André Alain
Published: December 2019

André-Alain Morello

«Il n’y a rien ici pour les professeurs »Note sur les défis de Bernanos dans Sous le soleil de Satan

Sous le soleil de Satan apparaît comme une œuvre de défi, et comme un roman à la recherche d’un langage. C’est dire toute l’importance de ce texte, et toute sa modernité. Même en s’opposant à tous ses contemporains, Bernanos mène une quête parallèle à celle des grands écrivains du début du XXe siècle. Forcer le langage pour inventer une langue à même de faire œuvre de rédemption. Le roman du saint est, comme le roman du génie dont avait rêvé Valéry avec Monsieur Teste, le roman qui va jusqu’à la limite de l’indicible ; il opte pour une parole au-delà de l’éloquence, à mi-chemin entre le langage de l’enfance que ne cessera de rechercher l’écrivain, et la Parole divine qui se fait entendre à travers son personnage. Mais les mots de Donissan, nous ne les connaissons pas.
Pierre Bergounioux : La chambre du lettré
Authors: Demanze Laurent
Published: December 2019

Le dernier récit de Pierre Bergounioux, Une chambre en Hollande, est consacré à la figure de Descartes. Mais sous couvert d’étude philosophique et de restitution biographique, il s’agit de dire les démêlés de la littérature et des sciences humaines, en montrant les effets de parasitage de la fiction et les dérives de la rêverie. Ce récit prolonge la tradition des fictions biographiques, illustrée par Pierre Michon, Gérard Macé et Pascal Quignard, en soulignant les lacunes du savoir et la puissance romanesque de l’érudition.
Osobitosti i porijeklo splitskog sakramentara
Authors: Volarević Domagoj
Published: December 2019

Vrlo dragocjen srednjovjekovni rukopisni kodeks, koji se čuva u katedralnom arhivu
splitske prvostolnice, a koji je mo. Šime Marović tipologizirao ga jekao
aakramentar, često je dosad bio predmetom studija raznih znanstvenika. Spoznaje
o njemu i njegovim vlastitostima polako su se nadopunjavale. Kako je riječ o
liturgijskoj knjizi, neobično je što je liturgijski vid ove jedinstvene knjige
nedovoljno istražen. Uz zaključke do kojih se došlo dosadašnjim istraživanjem i
studijama, ostalo je i mnogo otvorenih pitanja. Jedno od njih je i porijeklo
Sakramentara. Dosada je bila uobičajena hipoteza da ga je vjerojatno u Split iz
Bologne donio nadbiskup Bernardo. Detaljnom analizom liturgijske i kodikološke
strukture Sakramentara te otkrićima njegovih iznimnih, štoviše, jedinstvenih
vlastitosti, došli smo do zaključaka o porijeklu ove knjige, o liturgijskim
utjecajima koji su velikim dijelom oblikovali njezin sadržaj te naposljetku i o
tome kako je Sakramentar stigao do Splita.
İNFERTİL ERKEKLERİN İNFERTİLİTE VE TEDAVİ SÜRECİNE YÖNELİK DENEYİMLERİ: BİR SİSTEMATİK DERLEME
Authors: KAYA Zehra , ŞAHİN Nevin
Published: December 2019

İnfertilite fizyolojik, psikolojik ve
sosyo-kültürel boyutları ile çiftleri etkileyen bir yaşam krizidir. İnfertilite
nedeniyle yaşanan psikososyal sorunlar genellikle kadının gebelik ve annelik
rolüyle ilişkilendirilerek kadına atfedilmekte, infertil erkeklerin yaşadığı
sorunlar gözardı edilmektedir. Bu çalışma infertil erkeklerin infertilite ve
tedavi sürecindeki deneyimlerini içeren çalışma sonuçlarının değerlendirildiği
bir sistematik derlemedir.  Dahil etme
kriterleri doğrultusunda araştırma kapsamına on altı çalışma alınmıştır. Çalışmalar
incelendiğinde, çocuk sahibi olamama nedeniyle infertil erkeklerin kendilerini
“daha az erkek”, “yarım erkek” olarak hissetikleri ve damgalanmaya maruz
kaldıkları saptanmıştır. İnfertil erkeklerin tedavi sürecine dahil
edilmedikleri, yalnız bırakıldıkları belirlenmiştir. Tedavi sürecinde
mastürbasyonla sperm örneği vermeye ilişkin yeterli bilgi sahibi olmadıkları ve
utandıkları bulunmuştur. Erkeklerin tedavi sürecinde anksiyete ve depresyon
yaşadıkları, eşlerin tedavi almaları nedeniyle kendilerini mahcup ve çaresiz
hissetikleri belirlenmiştir. Sağlık profesyonelleri ile bu süreçte iletişimin
zayıf olduğu belirtilmiştir. Sperm donasyonu ve evlat edinme kararının zor
olduğu ve kaygı oluşturduğu saptanmıştır. Tüm bu süreçte infertilite sorununu
çevreyleriyle paylaşmak istemedikleri, paylaşırken zorlandıkları dile
getirilmiştir.

İnfertil erkeklerin infertilite ve tedavi
sürecine ilişkin deneyimlerini inceleyen çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Bir
yaşam krizi olan infertilitenin yalnızca infertil kadınları değil infertil
erkekleri de etkilediği ve bu nedenle erkeklerin deneyimlerini konu alan
çalışmaların yapılması gerektiği saptanmıştır. İnfertil çiftlerle daha sık
iletişimde olan infertilite hemşirelerinin tedavi sürecinde infertil çifti
psikososyal açıdan beraber değerlendirmesi ve buna ilişkin  psikososyal bakımın sağlanması açısından
oldukça önemlidir.
Typology of life strategies of adults with visual limitations
Authors: Khazova Svetlana А , Adeyeva Tat'yana N. , Tikhonova Inna V. , Popova Mariya S.
Published: December 2019

Mechanisms of psychological protection, meaningfulness of life and its quality, the strategies of adult life with visual limitations are identified in the article on the basis of the correlation of coping behaviours (n=49). These strategies are characterised by varying degrees of productivity – from the least productive, a strategy of withdrawal to the most productive, a strategy of concentration on the case. The significant contribution of protective and coping activity to the specifics of those ways of life that a person chooses for himself in conditions of development hindered by a defect is shown. The obtained data can serve as a basis for the development of programmes of psychological prevention and support of adults with disabilities.
Analysis of self-study competence’s niveau of the first-year cadets
Authors: Shmakova Veronika N.
Published: December 2019

This article is devoted to the analysis of average self-study competence’s niveau of the cadets of the first study year who entered a military high school. The article observes different approaches to the definition of "self-study competence" and provides some ways of dividing it into levels or niveaus. Great attention is paid to the analysis of the research results that were gathered among the first year cadets of Cherepovets High Military Engineering School. The research was based on developed methodology and E.C. Harrington’s desirability function. As a result, it was found that first-year cadets have not enough of self-study skills when they start their higher education. In general self-study competence is at the intermediate level and is different in components.
Erroneous use of lexical means in academic essays in a foreign language and its remedies
Authors: Chiknaverova Karine G.
Published: December 2019

The article focuses on frequent errors in the choice of lexical means when drafting a coherent text in English drawing the example of academic essays on linguistics, as well as ways of their propedeutics and correction. Lexical skills are critical in essay writing as this process presupposes possessing such skills as formulating, developing argumentation, generalising, specifying, rephrasing, providing for coherence. When essays are written in English by Russian-speaking learners, the probability of errors is higher due to such factors as interference and underdeveloped lexical skills. The author analyses students` errors at the lexical level, their causes, as well as factors determining the choice of vocabulary. Such choice may be affected by a syntactic pattern, word order in a sentence, government, collocation, other grammatical and lexico-grammatical peculiarities of word use, limitations imposed by style and so on. Further, it provides ways to work on the corresponding errors and formulates recommendations to foreign language teachers.
Festival pedagogy as a pedagogic innovation. Oxfordshire Festivals (the UK)
Authors: Danilova Antonina S.
Published: December 2019

The article considers the festival pedagogy phenomenon as innovative for Russian pedagogic reality. The author of the article in this study summarises the practical pedagogic experience of educational institutions of Oxfordshire (state and public schools, colleges, universities) in the search for new non-traditional forms of sociocultural partnership. The author focuses on the identification of the upbringing aspects of the festival as the main technology of festival pedagogy. When considering the phenomenon from the point of view of authentic British pedagogic practice of one of the oldest existing sociocultural centres in the UK, the author comes to the conclusion that the technology of festival pedagogy as a pedagogic innovation contributing to an increase in the level of sociocultural partnership in the region under study.
TWO-COMPONENT COLD CLOISONNE AND CHAMPLEVE ENAMELS: STUDY OF DEFECTS
Authors: Muzykantova M. E. , Lebedeva T. V. , Galanin S. I.
Published: December 2019

Types of defects of cold two-component cloisonne and champleve enamels are investigated and systematised. The reasons for the appearance of defects at different stages of enameling jewellery are determined. It is shown that enamel coating defects can occur at any stage of the enamel process. Possible ways to eliminate defects of enamel coating are proposed. Recommendations for the prevention of defects at different stages of cloisonne and champleve enameling are worked out. The most common defects include air bubbles in the enamel and the ingress of foreign contaminants. At initial stages, it is recommended that one observes the technological regulations for metal base and enamel composition preparation. The duration and ease of repair of the defect depends on the detection time of the latter. After the enamel is cured, all defects are irreplaceable.