bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Study of Fluid Filtration through Elastic-Porous Materials
Authors: Mikishanina E
Published: March 2020

The development of sea depths is associated with large-scale construction of deep industrial and residential structures that can withstand high pressure. As a building material, concrete can be the most promising and simple material. However, at high pressures, materials that are usually considered waterproof or low-permeable, such as concrete, polyurethane, and others, become permeable to water. If, however, it is taken into account, the value is usually determined empirically in the laboratory. If, however, it is taken into account, the value is usually determined empirically in the laboratory. However, the experimental data obtained may vary significantly depending on the applied loads. Therefore, there is a need to fill this gap and find objective regularities of changes in the filtration coefficient of the medium under various loads, which will allow us to correctly formulate the filtration problem and increase the reliability of hydrodynamic calculations.
Dynamics of the System Intended for Destruction of Buildings and Constructions by a Shock Method
Authors: Naumov V A , Velikanov N L
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the dynamics of the system intended for destruction of objects by the shock method. The working organ is a spherical body suspended by a rope on a crane boom. The ball is considered to be absolutely solid. All the potential energy of the ball is converted into kinetic energy before impact. Geometric and energy conditions of interaction are obtained. The boundaries of the parameter region in which the ball touches the wall are presented. The dependences of the normal and tangential velocity before impact on the relative cable length are obtained. In the first stage, the flat rough wall does not deform on impact. The dependence of the dimensionless ball speed of the center of mass and angular velocity after impact on the relative length of the cable are presented. An increase in the dimensionless distance to the wall leads to a decrease in the kinetic energy losses of the ball and an increase in the normal dimensionless shock pulse. The algorithm and graphics allow in the process of developing projects for the demolition of buildings and structures to make a choice of technological parameters that ensure the effective operation of construction equipment.
Influence of Type and Thickness of Cement-Concrete on the Calculation of Rigid Road Surfaces with Asphalt-Concrete Pavement
Authors: Korochkin A V
Published: March 2020

The article is based on the example of calculations of options for hard pavements with asphalt concrete pavement according to regulatory documents in force in the Russian Federation, the results of a study on the dependence of the thickness of the cement concrete layer on the quality of the cement concrete mix are presented in this article. A comparison was made of the thickness of cement-concrete slabs, obtained as a result of calculation according to our “Guidelines for the design of rigid pavements” with similar designs recommended by the “Road Design Guide” of the state of California. Conclusions are drawn on the need to improve the methods of calculating rigid pavements in the Russian Federation, allowing to take into account more parameters, including those associated with new technologies for the preparation of cement-concrete mixture and its paving.
Ecosystem Approach to Assessing the State of the Urbanized Environment
Authors: Avdeeva E , Panov A
Published: March 2020

The intensive process of urbanization has led to a number of environmental problems associated with a sharp deterioration in the quality of the urban environment. All this necessitates an objective assessment of its current state and knowledge of the mechanisms of functioning of systems in the interests of human ecological safety under the conditions of anthropogenic stress. Coniferous plants are used in urban landscaping. Under urban conditions, conifers perform the role of biological indicators, while the assimilation apparatus is a marker feature, which allows assessing the environmental conditions of urban areas. Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is used in gardening of city streets and recreation areas. At the same time, pine ordinary responds to the effects of the urbanized environment. The results of the assessment of the state of the air environment by the dendroindication method based on the morphological features of conifers showed that of the 22 surveyed objects, only 3 of the air condition are estimated to be clean in the area village, the main building of the Siberian Federal University and on Botanical Boulevard. At two sites, the state of the air environment is estimated as clean, three - relatively clean. These objects are located on the periphery of the city, one of them in the valley of the river. On the remaining objects, the state of the air environment is estimated from polluted (5 objects), dirty (6 objects) to very dirty (2 objects).
Influence of Wooden Cross Ties on the Surrounding Medium at Operation of Transport Objects in Cold Regions
Authors: Rusanova E V , Abu-Khasan M S , Egorov V V
Published: March 2020

In article questions of influence of wooden cross ties on a surrounding medium in the course of their operation on the railroad and after their replacement are considered in cold northern regions. The biggest negative impact on the environment comes from wooden sleepers impregnated with coal oil, oil pollution and heavy metal ions. Some ways of isolation of waste wooden cross ties by means of the geoeco-protective spreading materials are shown. Insulation technology has been proposed to minimize the environmental impact of spent wood sleepers for cold areas.
The Complex Evaluation of Geo Eco-Protective Technologies Taking into Account the Influence of Negative Temperatures
Authors: Rusanova E V , Abu-Khasan M S , Egorov V V
Published: March 2020

The article considers the issue of integrated assessment of various geo-protective technologies that can be used in a cold region. For the first time, a parameter is introduced that takes into account the effect of negative temperature on the work of the tecnology being introduced as a whole. Materials for construction can also be assessed by the above algorithm. The calculation ends with a PQ index for each object.
Gardening of the Urbanized Territories as a Factor of Implementation of the Concept of Their Sustainable Development
Authors: Korosteleva N V , Korosteleva M V
Published: March 2020

In article the value of activity of municipal units is proved in the sphere of gardening of the urbanized territories as one of factors of implementation of the concept of their sustainable development. Importance of inclusion in the list of municipal powers of questions of the organization of gardening of the territory of city districts for formation of the favorable urban environment and maintaining of its stable safe state is proved. The conclusion is drawn that plants actually are the main and single alternative to an anthropogenic landscape of a surrounding medium which is actively formed by the modern architecture. In this regard authors carried out the analysis of green fund in planning structure of the cities and regulatory requirements to its placement. On the basis of the carried-out analysis the system of indicators of environmental efficiency of activity of the municipal units in the sphere of city greening corresponding to signs of availability, measurability, compliance, sufficiency, complexity, reliability and comparability is offered.
Impulse Rotors on Sealing Rollers
Authors: Antipina E S , Kukinova G V , Antipin V M
Published: March 2020

The friction cone of the compaction surface by the roller reduces the effectiveness of roadway preparation. The device for creating torsional vibrations destroys the friction cone, improves the quality of soil compaction and reduces vibrational loads on the roller, the environment and the operator.
Search for the Optimal Shape of Metal Spatial (space) Structures
Authors: Alpatov V
Published: March 2020

The main disadvantages spatial structures are: increased requirements for the manufacturing elements accuracy; high consumption of material due to the having of “extra” elements; high material consumption due to the specified unification of elements. It is possible to reduce material consumption by searching optimal shape of the spatial structures and to refuse the idea of maximum unification of elements. A reduction in material consumption, if other things being equal, should provide a cheaper construction. The reasonable choice of the best project from the set of acceptable options can be made only with the use of optimization methods. The following are the author’s suggestions on parametric optimization task formulation for spatial bar metal structures. To solve this problem, it is suggested to use a method of calculation similar to the method suggested by prof. Ya.I. Olkov. Proposed for use direct search method on all spatial construction nodes coordinates variation. In suggested method node coordinate change cause change in geometrical shpe of the whole construction. Geometrical shape changes cause original construction to turn to a new one. For all new constructions only original topology is similar. This method allows to analize effectiveness of constructions with the same topology but different: height; node amount; belt grids of various geometric shapes. It is proposed to organize the solution of the problem in the form of a dynamic iterative process in which several levels of cycles of enumeration of parameters are realized. To implement the solution of the described problem, we proposed a computer implementation algorithm.
About Irreversible Changes in Soils Strength Properties after Dynamic Loads
Authors: Kalachuk T G , Shirina N V
Published: March 2020

The impact of dynamic effects on soil change in properties depends both on the intensity of the loads, the frequency, the duration of their action, and on the soil tweed, its humidity and density. That is, for each type of soil it is necessary to determine the quantitative dependencies inherent only to it. To establish the regularity of irreversible changes in the adhesion and the internal friction angle after dynamic loads, experimental studies were performed. The article presents the results of experimental data processing, the obtained dependences on the determination of the strength characteristics of soils after dynamic loads.
Optimal Road Rollers Kit Selection for Asphalt-Concrete Mixture Compaction
Authors: Shishkin E A
Published: March 2020

Compaction is the final operation of the road construction. A set of road rollers is used for this operation. Compacting efficiency depends on the selected operation modes of the technique. The article obtained dependence of asphalt concrete mix physicomechanical parameters and road roller design parameters. Based on this dependence, an algorithm for selecting and calculating the operating modes of road rollers optimal kit has been developed. Coating compaction cost was taken as the optimization criterion.
On the Determination of the Influence of Low Negative Temperatures on Deformability and the Development of the Microcracks Forming Process in Concrete Elements under Axial Compression
Authors: Karpenko N I , Yarmakovsky V N , Karpenko S N , Kadiev D Z
Published: March 2020

Diagrams of axial, lateral and volumetric strains of concrete elements under axial compression in the conditions of low negative temperatures (in the frozen state) are built. It has been established that concrete specimens in the frozen state have increased strength and increased limits of axial, lateral and volumetric strains under axial compression. The diagrams of lateral strains coefficient are built. The dependencies connecting the changes in the values of coefficient of lateral strains of the concrete with variable parameters of its stress-strain state under negative temperatures action are investigated. Based on the analysis of change patterns in lateral, axial and volumetric strains, patterns of microcracks forming in concrete elements in a frozen state are established. The influence of low negative temperatures on the change of parametric points (levels) of stress-strain state of concrete, characterizing the lower and upper boundaries of microcracks forming regions is established. The results of these investigations are used for the development for the diagram method calculating of reinforced concrete structures, designed for use in conditions of low negative temperatures.
Numerical Solution of Contact Problems with Friction under Dynamic Loads
Authors: Lukashevich A A , Lukashevich N K
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the dynamic problem of deformable solid mechanics with unilateral constraints and Coulomb friction. For the numerical solution of the problem, the finite element method is used, the contact interaction is modeled by means of the contact finite elements (CFE) of the frame-rod type. The statement of dynamic contact problem for the interacting elastic bodies is given. On the basis of the proposed discrete contact model and the method of step-by-step analysis a numerical algorithm has been developed, which allows in one step-by-step (on time) process to perform the integration of the equations of motion and the implementation of the conditions for unilateral constraints with Coulomb friction on the contact simultaneously. Under the conditions of ultimate friction the method of compensating loads has been applied. With the help of the proposed approach, numerical solutions of the problem of contact of the structure with the base at different parameters of the dynamic load have been obtained and analyzed.
Considering Phase Transformation Heat When Modeling Thermal Process of Polyethylene Pipes Welding
Authors: Starostin N P , Ammosova O A
Published: March 2020

Mathematical modeling of heat process, considering phase transformation heat, is used to develop technology of welding polyethylene pipes with built-in heating elements at low outdoor temperatures.

Mathematically, task is to control technological parameters of welding in order to ensure flow of thermal process at low temperatures according to consistent patterns of welding at acceptable temperatures. With this control of thermal process, the need of ensuring certain sizes of supramolecular structures is eliminated, which allows us to simplify accounting for phase transformation heat. Instead of traditionally used crystallization kinetics equation, it is proposed to directly use differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) data to ensure given temperature field dynamics. Since during phase transformation heat is released and absorbed only by crystalline part of polymer material, special role is assigned to function of crystallinity degree. Formula is given for determining the effective heat capacity coefficient used in the shock-capturing method for solving heat conduction problem with phase transition in temperature range, based on temperature dependence on crystallinity degree. The calculation results for pipes with diameter of 63 mm at various ambient temperatures are shown. Significant increase in cooling rate at air temperatures below minus 15 ° C has been shown.
Optimization Problems of Open Spaces in Industrial Cities on the Example of Togliatti
Authors: Barsukova N , Fomina E
Published: March 2020

The article reveals the modern problems of the industrial cities urban environment of the period of “great buildings” in the USSR on the example of Togliatti. The authors analyze the approaches and methods of their optimization that exist today. The role of open spaces in modern industrial cities is revealed. The compositional features and functional processes of Togliatti are studied. The authors propose a comprehensive system of measures to optimize the open spaces of the city. For the first time it is based on the methodology of design, which includes environmental, ecological, axiological approaches. The article emphasizes the need to organize open spaces taking into account the human being as an active component of the urban environment.
The Prospects of Application in Russia New Generation of Envelopes – Dynamic/Adaptive Facades
Authors: Spiridonov A , Shubin I , Gerashchenko R
Published: March 2020

Based on a review and analyses of new technologies and solutions of modern facade structures, a classification of a new generation of facades has been carried out. There are five main classes: “Bioclimatic” (or “green”) facades; “Energy” facades; facades - “Light concentrators”; “Scenic” (or “architectural”) facades; “Dynamic” (or “adaptive”) facades. Their distinctive features are given. The most typical examples of facades of various classes are considered. An assessment was made of the prospects for the use of a new generation facade in Russia.
Execution Phase’s Integrity Model of the Offshore Facility Project
Authors: Bezkorovayniy V , Bayazitov V
Published: March 2020

With using existing methods of change management for large projects, it is often not possible to track the full list of the results of making changes to a project, for example, an increase the total weight and overall dimensions of separate units. In the case of offshore oil and gas facilities (OF), this makes it impossible to locate the equipment in the available area and necessitates a new calculation, changing the piping, and complicate access to the equipment. As a result, the deadlines for completion of the facility are postponed and the total cost is increased, there is a need for a special order for equipment with higher prices.

This research presents a project execution model (PEM), which considers the detailed composition and sequence of project stages and works in the OF life cycle, which are formed based on analogues - previously executed projects and developed completion criteria of works and project stages. It is proposed to integrate PEM with the methodology of digital engineering data management (DEDM), which contains an information model (IM) of the facility with created interconnections of the technical parameters of equipment units or total process unit. The DEDM allows generating information on the number and scale of deviations in a technical project after making changes to it in an automated mode, which significantly increases the rationality and accuracy of decision making. The result is a tool for the operator departments and contracting companies involved in the design and construction of the OF, which makes it possible to more accurately plan project costs, timelines for its execution and minimizes costs at various stages of the facility’s life cycle.
Probabilistic Assessment of the Durability of Reinforced Concrete Piles under Chloride Aggression
Authors: Ovchinnikov I I , Snezhkina O V , Ovchinnikov I G
Published: March 2020

The article presents a model of the deformation of a reinforced concrete pile, which is subjected to the joint action of the load and chloride corrosion. The model takes into account the probabilistic nature of corrosion processes, the variation of the geometric and strength characteristics of the pile, the probabilistic nature of the load. A method for calculating the strength and durability of the pile, which takes into account the stages of the process of interaction of the pile with chlorides, is given, a calculation analysis is performed. The influence of various parameters on the durability of reinforced concrete piles is analyzed. A correlation dependence of pile durability on compressive load and a durability histogram are constructed. It has been established that the lifetime of a pile with a 95% security is 16 years, with a security of 70% - 52 years, with a security of 50% - 80 years.
The Development of a New Membrane Equipment Type and Modeling its Work
Authors: Lobasenko B A , Sazonova E K , Torgulkin V V
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the main advantages of the effective use of membrane technologies in industrial production. The key directions of development of membrane technology, their advantages and disadvantages are given. Various approaches are considered in the design of membrane devices. Methods of mathematical modeling are proposed. They allow analyzing various technological processes. A modeling technique based on transfer functions has been developed. This technique takes into account the influence of the most significant disturbing actions on the object under study. A transfer function in its general form has been constructed. The discrepancy between experimental and theoretical data does not exceed 10%, which indicates the adequacy and sufficient prognostic ability of the mathematical model. It makes it promising for the industrial equipment design.
Projected Multifunctional Hotel Complex Noise Level Prediction from Railway Trains Passing (JSC “Russian Railways” Connecting Branch Section) with Sound Insulation Measures Development
Authors: Tsukernikov I E , Tikhomirov L A , Nevenchannaya T O
Published: March 2020

One of the important stages of work in the building design is to assess the level of comfort and safety of people during the operation of the building. Prediction of the acoustic situation in the premises and in the territory allows, even at the design stage, to take measures to protect against noise. This is especially true of traffic noise. In this paper, forecasting and assessment of railway noise levels in the territory adjacent to the multifunctional hotel complex under construction and in the apartments of the complex are carried out, based both on the results of field measurements and on the results of calculations made by the methods of the interstate standards GOST 33325, GOST 31295-2 and the code of rules SP 276.1325800 using the data provided by GAU “Institute of the General Plan of Moscow”. The required sound insulation of the facades of the buildings of the complex is determined and constructions of sound protection windows are proposed.
Vibration Data Probability Analysis Inside Residential Premises Adjacent to Underground Train Lines
Authors: Smirnov V , Cherkasova D , Lebedev A , Smolyakov M
Published: March 2020

It is well known, that the shallow underground train lines appear to be the sources of significant vibrations that spreads through the soil and transfers to the building’s foundation that are located inside the technical zone of the underground lines. These vibrations then spread through the load-bearing structures of a building and produce vibrations of walls and floors, that influence both the technical state of the building and sanitary-hygienic conditions of human stay. The vibration generated inside the premises of residential and public areas due to underground train traffic has unsteady discontinuous character with a marked predominance of signal in the frequency band of 22.5 – 90 Hz, and repeats with a period determined by the schedule of underground train passes. This article deals with probability analysis of vibration data measured inside residential dwelling adjacent to shallow underground railway line. Measurements were acquired using 24-bit resolution digital multichannel acquisition system. Measurement were performed simultaneously in the basement, on the 4th and 5th floors of the dwelling. The duration of the measurements was set as 2 weeks of continuous recordings in order to obtain maximum data for probability analysis.
Architecture of Consular Buildings in Manchuria (Lubin) During the First Half of the 20 Century
Authors: Smolianinova T A , Bazilevich M E
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the architecture of the consular buildings of Manchuria (Lubin) in Inner Mongolia, during the first half of the 20th century. At present, in the Far East, in the context of the revitalization of modern construction of the cities of Northern Manchuria, located within the boundaries of the Chinese Eastern Railway, the Russian and European architecture is lost, and the remaining objects are reconstructed and become objects of tourist routes. The significance of Russian architecture of the first half of the twentieth century over time is rises, first of all, due to the preservation of the Russian and European architectural and cultural heritage. The article provides a brief historical description and architectural analysis of the objects. Also revealed two consular buildings, one of which is lost.
Outlook in Making Criteria for Assessing Progressive Collapse of Buildings and Facilities
Authors: Gabitov A I , Udalova E A , Salov A S , Chernova A R
Published: March 2020

Предстaвлен Analysis for theoretical and applied research in making regulatory and engineering provisions combining all the previous experience in design, maintenance and failure analysis of engineering structures considering wide spectrum of effects (dead, imposed, dynamic loads and outside climatic effects) on buildings and facilities, and providing safe operations thereof is presented herein. The “progressive collapse” term in addition to main properties of load-bearing building frames appeared due to specific man-made and environmental impacts occurring in emergency situations, when local failure results in far most vast destructions, i.e. expansion of damage along the whole building or large part thereof. The problem for protection against progressive collapse is given in engineering structures norms of all the developed countries. There are three basic approaches to provide reliability of buildings against progressive collapse: direct, indirect and probabilistic. Calculations of the structure on the whole or some elements thereof against the given emergency impact are referred to as the direct approach. Various organizational measures to reduce emergency situation risk and not directly referring to the structure calculations are called indirect approach. The probabilistic approach is estimation of emergency situation risk based on each scenario to be calculated. Problems of complicated system survivability under specific impact are shown to be further analyzed and considered, therewith more attention is to be paid to nonlinear statement of problems and progressive collapse of structures made of various materials.
Energy Efficient Technologies for the Construction and Buildings Reconstruction
Authors: Gabitov A I , Gaisin A M , Udalova E A , Salov A S , Yamilova V V
Published: March 2020

All The integrated approach features to the application of energy-efficient technologies in the buildings and structures reconstruction and construction, which is accompanied by rigorous research, preparation and testing of experimental energy-efficient objects and samples with their further introduction into modern architectural solutions and construction practices are considered. Unlike energy conservation, energy efficiency in construction is aimed at using less energy to satisfy the same level of buildings energy supply or technological processes in production. It is shown that for a qualitative assessment of the improving the energy efficiency of buildings and structures possibility, all areas of energy loss should be assessed. Therefore, priority in technology should be put on improving the thermal insulation efficiency, mounting recovery devices to use exhaust air heat, and also include measures to prevent the warm air infiltration through windows, doors, balconies, and indoors to use instruments to control their internal temperature. Improving energy efficiency should be attributed to the strategic objectives of the state, being at the same time the main method of ensuring energy security.
Justification of the Possibility of Changing of a Permissible Axle Load on the Road
Authors: Luchinskiy D P , Sannikov S P , Timohovets V D , Marmur A V
Published: March 2020

This article includes an analysis of the possibility of changing current axle load and total weight limits for vehicles depending on the type of the vehicle and the season of the year during a transport of goods with modern vehicles. The weighing control has shown exceeding an actual weight and the axle load comparing to the maximum values limited by federal regulations. Ineffective use of a modern heavy vehicles in a transport of goods forces the construction organizations to break the rules of transporting or acquire special permissions. The limitations of the maximum values for the axle load and the total weight are established for the whole calendar period which is incorrect, since the road structure turns into “the monolith” due to freezing in the winter period. This gives a prerequisite to believe that it is required to take into account the seasonal features of the behavior of road structures while imposing maximum limitations established by federal law. An important factor that has a destructive influence on the road construction is not the load or the weight of the vehicle, but a pressure arising in a plane of a tread pattern on a road surface. The destructive influence on the road pavement could be insignificant with a large weight of vehicle and a certain diameter of tread pattern.
Increase in Efficiency of Cooling of the Frozen Basis at the Expense of the Thermal Insulation Blind Area and Vertical Self-Cooling Devices (SCD)
Authors: Plotnikov A
Published: March 2020

At traditional decisions the bases of residential buildings of the soil constructed with preservation of a frozen state, basis temperatures in an average zone under the building are much lower, than in extreme zones. It reduces bearing capacity of piles on side axes. In this article, the constructive solutions allowing to cool more evenly the basis due to application additional of the cooling and preserving devices are considered. Regularities of formation of temperature condition of frozen soil were carried out by numerical methods by means of the TEMPA program. on the example of the residential building in permafrost zone. The constructive decision includes the pile bases and the high ventilated underground. The executed calculations showed an opportunity to lower temperature in the work area of extreme piles up to the temperature in a zone of average piles at the expense of the warmed blind area and vertical self-cooling devices (SCD).
Formation of the Appearance of Multistory Residential Complexes in Largest Cities
Authors: Pronina T V
Published: March 2020

In the modern practice of development cities, the architectural and artistic expressiveness of residential buildings has become one of the important factors of their consumer qualities that determine the cost of houses. Under these conditions, the tasks of the directed application of numerous technological and constructive means of achieving the architectural and artistic expressiveness of residential areas with the aim of ensuring the maximum aesthetic and economic effect are of particular relevance. The objectives of the article is to identify the most characteristic features of the projected models of residential complexes in largest cities on the basis of pre-project analysis of the objective prerequisites of the construction site – landscape, historical-stylistic and, above all, urban planning prerequisites. The conceptual solution of any residential complex in large urban agglomerations must be based on the fact that the majority of residential areas form a discrete urban «fabric» - a polystructure into which residential complexes of increased urban planning importance, that is, complexes-reference points or monostructures must be embedded. The different town-planning role of these residential areas in the city’s system determines a fundamentally different approach to shaping their appearance, from volume-spatial and silhouette solutions to solutions to their facade planes. The conclusions given in the article and related recommendations can be useful in the real design of residential areas of the largest cities.
Innovative Tricks of Adaptations the Architectural Objects as Alternative Ecosystem
Authors: Saprykina N A
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to an actual problem the formation of Adaptive space environment as the principle of creating architectural objects. The purpose of article is to consider innovative techniques of adaptation in the shaping of architectural space as alternative ecosystem. It is proposed that a promising approach to the Organization of contemporary spatial environment as adapt-system. Identified the hierarchical levels, types and methods of adaptation, enable you to maintain proper balance space habitats and environment. A leading approach to the study of this problem is based on analytical of research methods such as: integrated design object as a system, a method of structural analysis and the informational methods. Materials can be useful to the theory and practice of forming the space habitat as opens completely new possibilities in architecture and construction.
Integration of Recreational Spaces into Living Buildings Considering Ecological Aspects
Authors: Zhdanova I V , Kalinkina N A , Chernysheva I V
Published: March 2020

The main goal of this article is to explore the modern approaches to solving problems of energy saving and environmental pollution by introduction recreation areas to the residential buildings. Reviewed the popular elements of green building - green roofs and vertical greening in residential buildings. Also, identified the advantages of greened roofs, studied the different types of roofs and various types of plants. The author considered vertical gardening and constructions (such as – suspended systems, modular lattices, metal mesh). The examples of foreign houses using vertical gardening confirm this type of landscaping as a unique. They can create new favorable spaces in an urban environment. So we can conclude that using of green roofs and vertical gardening is very relevant nowadays. They make urban accommodation more comfortable, increase aesthetic conditions of urban environment and they have good effect on human health.
Consideration of Climatic Parameters Changes in the Design of Ventilation Systems for High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Agakhanova K M , Abramkina D V
Published: March 2020

Capacity of heating system is determined by transmission heat losses throught external enclosures and heating of infiltration air. Airflow rate of infiltration air depends on external pressures in the center of air-permeable openings. A major component of this parameter is wind forse pressure, which value depends on its speed changing with the height of a building. In previous research works was made a compraising analysis of existing calculation methods of wind speed chandes on the height of high-rise buildings. Based on the obtained review, two calculation methods have been chosen in the present article: method, based on speed change coefficient and power-law method. The article presents the results of air mode calculation for high-rise building in Moscow. Results of calculations based on method of speed change coefficient provides higher values of supply airflow rate than in case of excluding the impact of wind speed changes along the height of a building and using power-law method.
Impact of Automated Vehicles on Urban Form
Authors: Malysheva E V
Published: March 2020

Automated vehicles (AV) are a rapidly developing technology. It is expected that completely self-driving cars in the largest cities of the world will be by 2040-2050. All over the world technical, political, legal and economic issues of self-driving technology are being explored. Self-driving cars will not only affect daily trips, but also will change the appearance of cities. Automobiles — their size, accessibility, and environmental impact — are an important factor in urban planning in the last century. This article describes the problems of introducing self-driving cars and its impact on urban form and architecture. The technology of self-driving cars will change the urban environment. Those changes will be irreversible, so it is important to have an idea about the consequences of its implementation, in order to avoid negative developments and try to get the maximum benefit from the introduction of automated vehicles. Following the analysis of the scientific literature, two main scenarios for the introduction of automated vehicles according to the form of ownership — individual and public, including the system of a mass self-driving taxi — were considered. For these scenarios, the factors of spatial influence of AV on the urban form were combined into three groups of principles: the impact on urbanization; the impact on road infrastructure; the influence at the local level. The question of how the introduction of AV will affect the density and structure of the city, as well as the quality of human life. The problem of early obsolescence of infrastructure projects has been raised. Priority of an integrated approach is shown when choosing a strategy for further development.
Assessment of the Wind and Temperature Loads Influence on the PVC Windows Deformation
Authors: Konstantinov A , Verkhovsky A
Published: March 2020

The PVC windows application experience in various climatic conditions shows that at their operation the windows profile deformations can be observed. One of the reasons for these deformations is the climatic loads influence on the windows – wind pressure, solar radiation, negative outside temperatures. The profile elements deformations affect the window tightness and the normal window hardware operation. The calculated loads combinations on windows in winter and summer were analyzed. For window as external element of building is more critical winter loads combination – the combined effect of wind pressure and negative temperature. The work was done the analysis of the effect of negative temperatures and wind pressure on the PVC window deformation. The studies were performed in laboratory conditions on the basis of two testing centers. Three PVC Windows with different profile thickness were tested. The temperature deformation of the casements and mullions profiles of this windows were analyzed. These deformations have to take into account in the static calculations. But the engineering methods creation for calculating windows for the wind and temperature loads effect requires additional research. They are associated with the study of the joint work of the windows constituent elements (profiles, insulating glass units, hardware).
The Influence of Anthropogenic Factors on the Ecology of the Arctic Zone during the Construction of Oil Production Facilities
Authors: Kuzmin D E , Khromenok D V , Khramov D A
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of influence of production factors of construction work during the construction of oil production facilities in the Arctic zone. The study included such factors as: air pollution, vibrations and sound waves produced by the equipment, as well as losses of oil produced during exploration. The influence of these factors on the Arctic biosphere is considered. The proposed measures to protect the Arctic zone from the harmful effects of construction equipment.
Application of Household Waste as Aggregates for Concrete
Authors: Fediuk R , Smoliakov A , Cherkasov A , Bezruk G , Evseev A
Published: March 2020

The use of recycled materials as a product of household waste recycling to reduce environmental pollution, as well as to obtain cheap aggregate for the manufacture of concrete is considered. During the laboratory tests, the strength of concrete was found by a non-destructive method of controlling the strength of materials - by the method of a shock pulse using an electronic strength meter IPS-MG4.01. The uniformity and class of concrete are determined on the basis of measuring the time and speed of propagation of ultrasound in them. Compression tests were carried out on parallelepiped samples of 390×190×188 mm in size, consisting of Portland cement, sand and household garbage. Significant differences were found from the indicators of the considered analogues, such as relatively low values of strength and frost resistance of the samples; but at the same time, the low cost of finished products due to the actually free aggregate, as well as the relatively low weight of the samples. Recommendations are given on the selection of the ratio of aggregate components to improve the properties of concrete as a whole. Areas of application for concrete blocks from household waste are offered.
Durability of Fine-Grained High-Strength Concrete in Corrosive Environment
Authors: Tolstoy A D , Fomina E V , Milkina A S
Published: March 2020

The use of fine-grained high-strength concrete of man-made materials as components entails the risk of corrosion processes in concrete. A peculiarity of possible corrosion processes is iron-containing sulfosilicating compounds in rubble, which greatly complicates the prediction of structure durability made of such concrete. High-strength construction composites, which differ from ordinary concrete with a higher content of cement stone, fine particles of binder and fillers, as well as a multi-component composition, necessitate the development and modification of ways to increase and predict structure durability made of such materials. The paper deals with design and technology of product manufacturing from fine-grained high-strength concrete of increased durability in close connection with the assessment of their reliability and durability.
Nonlinear Models of Reinforced Concrete Beam Elements with the Actual Reinforcement
Authors: Bulushev S V , Dudareva M S
Published: March 2020

The problem of modeling reinforced concrete structures with bar finite elements using a nonlinear material that allows to consider the direct reinforcement is studied. An approach to the creation of a computational model of a reinforced concrete column is proposed, the peculiarity of which is to specify reinforcing bars at the appropriate integration points of the cross-section. As a material of reinforced concrete bar elements, a nonlinear material based on Eurocode-2 is used, which can model the nonlinear behavior of both concrete and reinforcement for different integration points. Numerical experiments were carried out using the LS-DYNA software package. The results of the calculation of the bar reinforced concrete column are compared with the data for the column modeled using solid finite elements with direct reinforcement. In addition, a comparative analysis of the studied column with the results of full-scale tests is performed. Studies have shown good convergence of stresses, strains, and displacements, as well as the coincidence of the value of the ultimate breaking load and the similar nature of the destruction of the reinforced concrete column.
World Experience in the Use of GIS Technologies in Solving Problems of Sustainable Development of the City
Authors: Abkharima M H , Perkova M V , Al-Jaberi A A H
Published: March 2020

Sustainable development has been discussed since the 1960s and has since been a focused subject in urban development. GIS was used in this purpose for e.g. water, air, and climate change planning and management and sustainable planning. This work is explaining the relationship between Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote sensing (RS) with urban sustainability and sustainable development. Describing and discussing the tools that can be used to monitor urban growth. Specifying the countries and organizations that have developed new tools and methods to help in urban sustainability and urban development endeavour. Also, the methods and tools for rating that are used within a GIS environment for sustainable planning and development. Indicating the dependency of the rating tools on data acquisition accuracy and precision. Highlighting the case that there is no universal method of using GIS in sustainable development yet. And, the part that is played by GIS and RS in planning aspects and stages such as water accessibility, climate impacts, infrastructure planning, air pollution modelling, etc. Attempting to form analysis for economic and social sustainability in urban environments like; population distribution, proximity to recreation centres, school locations, the flow of people and goods, and demographics. In addition, answering if there is a known method for combining all three pillars of sustainability and measuring it and comparing the level of sustainability between cities.
The Method of Rapid Analysis to Determine the Version of the Modern Use of Historic Manor Complexes
Authors: Lukonina T A , Aksenova I V
Published: March 2020

The article is focused on the problem of preserving the ownerless historic manor complexes (HMC) and their restoration on the basis of commercial use in conditions of public-private partnership. Basing on the theoretical R & D done in the recent years and on their study of the experience gained in the best practices of capitalizing the architectural heritage, the authors identified possible options for the use of estate complexes and formalized a minimum list of the key HMC indicators affecting the further choices. Proceeding from the prescriptive literature, they determined the values and the importance degree of key indicators for each use option. Further on, using the method of multivariate analysis of variance, the authors adjusted the process to juxtapose the values of the key indicators of the estates with the specified conditions for each option and automated that process by means of software support. The result of the work appears in form of the analysis matrix, which automatically performs the multifactor analysis of the estate complex and helps to select the most rational use of the given HMC. The proposed method of express analysis makes it possible to determine the most effective options for the modern use of each particular estate, depending on its indices. This will reduce the risks of potential investors, attract the inflow of investments into the restoration and thus contribute to the revitalization of the estates by integrating them into the Key words: manor, historic manor complex, architectural monument, restoration, commercial use, use cases, express analysis.
Influence of Fluid in Dynamic Calculation of Thin-Walled Cylindrical Tanks by Means of Calculating Added Masses of Fluid
Authors: Leonenko Yu S , Chemodurov V T
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the exact solution for the problem of the added masses of fluid, oscillating inside a cylindrical tank. A thin smooth cylindrical shell of finite length, filled with the ideal incompressible fluid that is subjected to transient dynamic load (it may be an earthquake, air explosion impact, etc.), is taken as a design model. In this case, the shell of a tank becomes a part of the oscillating process along with the fluid stored inside. The shell bending equation (stipulated by the membrane theory of shells) is taken as a design model for this case. In this equation, the shell deflection is expanded into Fourier series by oscillation modes, and the velocity potential takes the form of the Laplace’s equation. Fluid’s inertial reaction to the shell motion is covered by the shallow water theory, which is specified by the boundary free surface conditions and the influence of the tank hard bottom. These mathematical expressions of the shell response to the external transient impact are solved by the Bubnov–Galerkin method with the transformation of the initial relations into a system of ordinary differential equations, which include expressions for determining added masses of fluid by oscillation modes of the elastic shell.
Here Determination of the Free Flow Maximum Expansion into a Wide Diversion Channel of Turbulent Water Flow Behind the Non-Pressure Water Throughput Hole
Authors: Kohanenko V , Burtseva O , Kelekhsaev D
Published: March 2020

In the work proposed a calculating method for the β, up, hp, lp
flow parameters, and the way of determining the geometric shape of the flow region (i. e., the geometry of the current extreme line). And determined of specific areas in the flow spreading petal from the edge of the feed pipe to the cross section of the p-p maximum flow spread; obtained the most convenient type of flow equations; an algorithms for determining parameters of the β, up, hp, lp
of the flow are developed p; The evaluation of the model (method) results in comparison with the experimental results are given.