bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The emerging role of virtual reality training in rehabilitation
Authors: Ayesha Afridi  , Arshad Nawaz Malik  , Hina Tariq  , Farooq Azam Rathore
Published: February 2022

Virtual reality (VR) uses computer-generated simulations to create a virtual environment for users which appears, sounds, and feels like real-life objects and events. The use of VR in rehabilitation is relatively new and has demonstrated to be an effective tool in achieving desired clinical outcomes by active engagement of participants. Over the past few years, the use of VR in rehabilitation has rapidly increased because of its advantages over traditional rehabilitation techniques. These include better patient adherence to the rehabilitation protocols with high levels of engagement and motivation. This review summarisesthe available evidence on the role of VR in rehabilitation,  its effects, and scope across different clinical conditions andoutcomes. We also describe the current status of VR utilization in rehabilitation settings across Pakistan and highlight the need for further research.Keywords: Virtual reality, exergaming, augmented reality, narrative review, neurorehabilitation, advances.
Colostomy and ileostomy care in nursing education: Which is more effective: Synchronous or asynchronous?
Authors: Yildiz Tulin , Erden Dilek , Sabirli Cagla , Malak Arzu
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare the effects of synchronous and asynchronous training on the academic achievements and e-learning attitudes of nursing student trained in colostomy and ileostomy care.
Method: The quasi-experimental, descriptive study was conducted at the Nursing Department of a health facility after approval from the Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey, from May to June 2020, and comprised nursing students who were divided in intervention group A and control group B. Those in group A were given synchronous training on colostomy and ileostomy care using active learning techniques on an online platform, while those group B received their training only asynchronously. Data was collected using Colostomy and Ileostomy Knowledge Test, and the e-Learning Attitude Scale at baseline and post-intervention. Data was analysed using SPSS 17.
Results: Of the 154 students, there were 77(50%) in each of the two groups. Overall, 53(34.4%) students were in 2nd grade, 60(39%) in 3rd, and 41(26.6%) in 4th grade of their training. The mean age of the sample was 21.50±1.10 years. Post-intervention mean scores for knowledge and e-learning tendency were significantly higher in both the groups compared to the baseline (p<0.01). Mean score for e-learning avoidance was significantly lower and mean knowledge score was significantly higher in group A than group B (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The application of active learning activities among students was found to have a positive effect on nursing education compared to asynchronous teaching.
Key Words: Nursing student, Distance learning, Academic success, E-learning.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DENGAN SELF COMPASSION PADA MAHASISWA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Azra Muhammad Zein
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought changes in the learning system to online. Changes in the learning system have an impact on the number of problems that arise in students so that self-compassion is needed to overcome these problems. Social support is predicted to help students to have self-compassion. This study aims to determine the relationship between social support and self-compassion for students in the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample in this study amounted to 270 students (male 19.3% and female 80.7%) Faculty of Psychology UIN Suska Riau with a sampling technique using stratified random sampling. Data collection methods in this study used a social support scale (Sarafino, 1998) and a self-compassion scale (Neff, 2003). Based on the results of the product moment correlation analysis obtained a correlation value of 0.462 with a significance of 0.000. The results showed that the hypothesis was accepted, which means that there is a relationship between social support and self-compassion for students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pengaruh Penyaluran Dana Zakat Produktif terhadap Peningkatan Usaha Mikro
Authors: Azhar Moreta Finesti , Gustiawati Syarifah , Hamdani Ikhwan
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the distribution of productive zakat funds on the improvement of mustahik micro enterprises in BAZNAS Microfinance, Jabon Mekar Parung Village, Bogor. Productive zakat is zakat on assets or funds given to mustahik not spent but developed and used to help mustahik's business. Distribution of zakat funds is the provision of zakat funds to mustahik or zakat recipients as an effort to alleviate poverty. Micro business is a productive business that has a wealth of Rp. 50,000,000 excluding land and buildings for business premises. The improvement of micro-enterprises is an effort or process to advance the conditions of micro-enterprises towards a better direction. In this study, using a quantitative method by taking a sample of 25% of the total population of 162 business actors registered with BAZNAS Microfinance partners in Jabon Mekar Village in 2020. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires and observation. With that, the data analysis techniques used in this research are Normality Test, Simple Linear Regression Test and Hypothesis Testing.

Keywords: Productive Zakat, Distribution of Zakat Funds, Micro Enterprises, Micro Business Improvement, Village Microfinance BAZNAS
Strategi Dalam Manajemen Pemasaran
Authors: Nasution Regina Utami , Aslami Nuri
Published: February 2022

Human life in modern times has various kinds of risks and dangers. Humans as thinking creatures certainly do not know what will happen tomorrow and where they will die. Insurance is a financial means in managing household life, both in facing basic risks such as the risk of death or in dealing with the risk of property in dealing with the risk of the property owned. In the marketing process, it is necessary to implement an essential strategy, the company's main target is in a broad market reach so that a strategy is needed before entering the market, detailing all plans that have been put together, comprehensively and integratedly designed to ensure the company's main objectives can be achieved through the implementation of a segmentation strategy. , and targets at PT Allianz Life Indonesia, as well as knowing whether the marketing strategy implemented is in accordance with the characteristics of sharia marketing. This research uses literature study research. The results of the study indicate that the market segmentation carried out by the Sharia Insurance company Allianz Life Indonesia has grown more rapidly and progressed from year to year. And this makes insurance companies in particular.

Keywords: marketing strategy, sharia insurance, PT Allianz Life Indonesia
A Munkácsi Görögkatolikus Egyházmegye újraengedélyezése
Authors: Majorossy Mária
Published: February 2022

A függetlenségét elnyert Ukrajna társadalmi-politikai fejlődésének fontos részét képezte az egyházak immár szabadabb keretek közötti szerveződése. Bár a történelemtudományban viszonylag kevés szerepet kap, a görögkatolikus egyház restitúciója az egyik meghatározó elem volt az ország demokratikus változásai útján. Az egyházkérdés – és kiváltképp a Munkácsi Görögkatolikus Egyházmegyéé – jelenleg is komoly társadalmi súllyal bír, hiszen a vallási jellegén kívül egyre erősebb kimondottan politikai töltettel is rendelkezik. Ukrajna társadalmi-politikai fejlődésének vizsgálata szempontjából elengedhetetlen tehát a vallási szerkezetében zajló folyamatok ismerete is.
A Stipendium Hungaricum program szerepe a magyar agrár-felsőoktatás nemzetköziesítésében
Authors: Janik Henrietta , Naárné Tóth Zsuzsanna
Published: February 2022

A jelen tanulmányhoz fűződő kutatásban először a „keleti nyitás”, majd 2016-tól a „déli nyitás” gazdaságpolitikájához kapcsolt Stipendium Hungaricum (SH) programnak a magyar agrár-felsőoktatás nemzetköziesítésében betöltött szerepét vizsgáltuk. Megállapítottuk, hogy a teljes idős képzésre érkező külföldi hallgatók számának a 2013-tól kezdődően megmutatkozó, jelentős mértékű növekedésében az SH meghatározó szerepet játszik. A legnagyobb kérdés azonban az, hogy egy sikeres program hosszú távon hogyan tudja tartósan növelni a külföldi önköltséges hallgatói létszámot, amely elősegíti az intézmények önfenntartó képességét. A programra a keleti és a déli nyitás gazdaságpolitikája által megcélzott országok hallgatói jogosultak pályázni, ami közvetetten a gazdasági kapcsolatok erősítését és a minőségfejlesztést is szolgálja. A kormányközi kétoldalú együttműködések vizsgálata egyrészt a nemzetközivé válásnak a felsőoktatásban tapasztalható dinamikájára fókuszál, másrészt a kormány által támogatott ösztöndíjak gyakorlati szerepét tárja fel. A 2015–2019-es időszakra vonatkozóan képzési területenként vizsgáltuk a külföldi és azon belül az SH-hallgatói létszámot, annak emelkedő trendjét, majd a képzési szintenként jelentkező létszámmegoszlás vizsgálata során kizárólag az agrárterületre és a két legnagyobb befogadó intézményre fókuszáltunk. Az SH program ösztönző hatása az agrárszektorban különösen két hazai intézmény, a Debreceni Egyetem és a Szent István Egyetem esetében bír kimondott jelentőséggel. A tanulmány fő célja az agrárképzési területen az SH program keretein belüli potenciálok kiaknázási lehetőségeinek a feltárása, ezáltal az agrárium versenyképességének a növelése.
Diabetes Prediction: A Study of Various Classification based Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Sahoo Sipra , Mitra Tushar , Mohanty Arup Kumar , Sahoo Bharat Jyoti Ranjan , Rath Smita
Published: February 2022

Data Mining is an integral part of KDD (Knowledge Discovery in Databases) process. It deals with discovering unknown patterns and knowledge hidden in data. Classification is a pivotal data mining technique with a very wide range of applications. Now a day’s diabetic has become a major disease which has almost crippled people across the globe. It is a medical condition that causes the metabolism to become dysfunctional and increases the blood sugar level in the body and it becomes a major concern for medical practitioner and people at large. An early diagnosis is the starting point for living well with diabetes. Classification Analysis on diabetic dataset is a part of this diagnosis process which can help to detect a diabetic patient from non-diabetic. In this paper classification algorithms are applied on the Pima Indian Diabetic Database which is collected from UCI Machine Learning Laboratory. Various classification algorithms which are Naïve Bayes Classifier, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Support Vector Classifier and XGBoost Classifier are analyzed and compared based on the accuracy delivered by the models.
Tourism Decision Making System & Auto Guidance Technique using Data analytics.
Authors: Jamader Asik Rahaman , Das Puja , Acharya Biswaranjan , Makkar Sandhya
Published: February 2022

A unique Tourism Decision Making System TDMS) describes and evaluates the evaluation of research and developments in information technology meant for pronouncement sustain as well as examination during the sector of visiting the attractions. Individuals in the tourism sector are classified according to their decision-making technologies. The current trends and growth directions of choice help technologies were analysed for visitors from various advertising categories. The potential to provide customising, augmentation, and help for visitors at all phases of their trips by integrating modern automated approaches with GIS capabilities demonstrates the need for breakthroughs in digital advanced analytics.
INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY OF UBAYDULLA IBN MASUD AND HIS WORK “MUHTAsARU-L-VIQAYA”
Authors: Nasrullayev Nematulloh
Published: February 2022

We still lack information about the lifestyle, spiritual image, intellectual activity, moral qualities and, religious preferences of many enlightened people who lived and worked in Bukhara for more than three thousand years. The destruction of Bukhara as a result of the Mongol invasion affected the socio-economic situation in the city, science, and culture of that period. The creative activity of Ubaydullah ibn Masud Taju-sh-shari’a also coincided with the period of the Mongol invasion. During this period, the influence of various sects such as Mutazilites, Qadarites, Jabarites, and Kirmits increased. Ubaydullah ibn Masud in his work “Mukhtasaru-l-Wikaya” tried to teach his followers to easily and quickly answer problematic questions. The period of the Mongol invasion also influenced the factors that unite people. However, jurists such as Ibn Masud, following their traditions and customs, sought to raise the level of the religious and educational life of people. In the same period, there was a need for controversyfree and perfect works on fiqh issues. Although this was the main reason for writing the work, the second reason was to bring knowledge of fiqh to people in the most accessible form. The work “Mukhtasaru-l-wiqaya” is known for its accuracy and conciseness. The author strives for compactness and surprisingly effectively explains legal issues. As a result, students learned the proposed material very quickly. This work, written under the rules of the Hanafi school, is remarkable in that it complements the previously written sources. Among the Bukhara scientists, the scientific activity of Ubaydullah ibn Masud also played an important role. He was a mature scholar of his time, with a deep knowledge of jurisprudence. In the work “Mukhtasaru-l-wiqaya” the methods of presenting legal issues and ways to resolve them testify to the mastery of the subject.
Tingkat toleransi ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio Linn) terhadap perbedaan kadar salinitas media pemeliharaan
Authors: Juliadi Juliadi
Published: February 2022

Ikan mas merupakan ikan air tawar yang hidup pada media dengan kadar salinitas 0 ppt. Kabupaten Bireuen merupakan wilayah yang memiliki sumber air yang sedikit payau. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan media pemeliharaan ikan mas dan mengetahui rentas batas kadar salinitas yang dapat ditoleransi oleh ikan mas. Penelitian ini telah dilaksakan pada bulan Februari 2019 di laboratorium Budidaya Perairan Almuslim. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan berat dan panjang paling baik terjadi pada perlakuan A (0 ppt) dan yang paling rendah pada perlakuan C (10 ppt). Tinkat kelangsungan hidup yang paling tinggi terdapat pada perlakuan A dan yang paling rendah pada perlakuan C. Untuk nilai efisiensi pakan yang paling tinggi tedapat pada perlakuan A dan yang paling rendah pada perlakuan C.
ANT Presentación
Authors: Saco Santiago
Published: February 2022

en Wuhan, China, denominado inicialmente como el Virus de Wuhan, el cual es n noviembre del 2019, se anunció el descubrimiento de un nuevo virus detectado

producido por un coronavirus, llamado así por tener picos o espigas en forma de corona.  

Luego la Organización Mundial de la Salud presento la alarma y el 11 de marzo del 2020 lo reconoció como una pandemia producida por el SARS-CoV-2, recomendando una serie de medidas de prevención para evitar su difusión.

En muy poco tiempo el virus se fue difundiendo a todos los continentes: Asia, Oceanía, Europa, y  América, en marzo del 2020 ya había llegado al Perú a través de un peruano que había pasado sus vacaciones en varios países europeos.

Inmediatamente de reportado el primer caso, el gobierno del Perú tomo una serie de medidas sanitarias a nivel nacional para evitar su difusión, como la cuarentena, el distanciamiento social, el uso de mascarillas, el lavado frecuente de manos, suspensión de las clases presenciales  escolares y universitarias, suspensión de  los vuelos, cierre de fronteras, entre otras actividades.

En el Cusco se tomaron las mismas medidas, confinándonos en nuestras casas por largos meses.

Los primeros casos que se presentaron en Cusco fueron importados por turistas extranjeros
MORFOLOGIA INTERNA DEL CONDUCTO RADICULAR DEL PRIMER PREMOLAR SUPERIOR SEGÚN LA TOMA RADIOGRAFICA Y TECNICA DE DIAFANIZACION, CUSCO- 2017
Authors: Vargas Gonzales Yahaira Paola
Published: February 2022

La morfología de los conductos radiculares es bastante compleja; oculta muchos detalles que son difíciles o en ocasiones imposibles de percibir mediante el uso de técnicas convencionales como la radiografía periapical. Objetivo.- determinar la morfología del conducto radicular según la toma radiográfica y la técnica de diafanización. Materiales y métodos.- Estudio descriptivo, cuya muestra estuvo constituida por 30 primeros premolares superiores y se utilizó la clasificación de Vertucci para determinar la presencia de conductos laterales y deltas apicales. Resultados.- predomino el tipo I tanto en toma radiográfica como en muestras diafanizadas, no encontrándose los tipos III, V, VII ni VIII; se encontró un 53% de acuerdo entre radiografía y diafanización; hubo 3 conductos laterales en tomas radiográficas y 7 en muestras diafanizadas, finalmente se identificó 1 delta apical en toma radiográfica y 2 en muestras diafanizadas, obteniendo un resultado general de 73% de concordancia entre toma radiográfica y muestras diafanizadas.
INCENDIOS FORESTALES: causas e impactos
Authors: Gil Mora Juan Eduardo
Published: February 2022

El incendio forestal, es producido por descuidos humanos, en algunos casos intencionados, así como en forma ocasional por causas naturales y culturales. El fuego puede recorrer extensas superficies produciendo graves daños a la vegetación, fauna y al suelo; causando importantes pérdidas ecológicas, económicas y sociales. Un incendio forestal es descrito como el fuego no deseado de cualquier origen, que se propaga sin control en los recursos forestales causando daños ecológicos, económicos y sociales. La información sobre variables meteorológicas, referidos a temperatura, humedad relativa y precipitación, se ha obtenido de las estaciones meteorológicas administradas por el SENAMHI en la Región Cusco. Para el análisis en la incidencia, se utilizó la información sobre incendios del INDECI; se utilizó el método de las evidencias físicas para reconstruir la evolución de un incendio forestal y clasificar la causa que lo provocó. Para el muestreo de suelos y el análisis se utilizaron los procedimientos estipulados por MINAM. Finalmente, se utilizó el modelo predictivo de incendios sobre la cobertura vegetal considerando la interacción entre los factores físicos y climáticos. Se reporta que más del 80% de las causas que provocan los incendios, son debidas a actividades agrícolas y pecuarias; se identifica causas que generan los incendios forestales como las estructurales, inmediatas, factores condicionantes territoriales, climáticas y, como impactos en la salud, el clima, la biodiversidad, el suelo y, se enuncian recomendaciones como la detección temprana de áreas de riesgo, construcción de franjas rompe fuego, reservorios y políticas públicas.
Mayo de 1996
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 583, 1997: 463-473.
El neoliberalismo en América Latina, carta de los provinciales latinoamericanos de la Compañía de Jesús
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2022

No hay resuménes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 583, 1997: 475-488.
El caso Mathies Hill
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: February 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 585-586, 1997: 727-732.
A prospective pilot investigation of the Zulu translation of the CMCC Neck Disability Index Questionnaire and Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire with respect to its concurrent validity when compared to their English counterparts
Authors:   , Ally Corinne
Published: February 2022

Neck pain is a common problem, globally, as well as in South Africa. Zulu is the first language of a very large proportion of the South African population, and as such, addressing the needs of this population group with respect to neck pain is a priority. Many reliable pain indexes exist in English to record the degree of disability with regards to neck pain. These are invaluable tools in aiding the health practitioner to assess the progress of treatment and the severity of the patient's disability. Two of the most credible and frequently used indexes are the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College Neck Disability Index (CMCC NDl) and the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SFMPQ). However, no such scale exists in Zulu. The purpose of this pilot investigation was, firstly, to analyze and critique the Zulu translations of the CMCC NDl and the SFMPQ in order to establish their face validity. Secondly, to establish their concurrent validity ensuring that the translated questionnaires are specific and sensitive enough to use as tools in data collection when compared to their English counterparts. Thirdly, to make recommendations for further improvement in terms of the Zulu questionnaires and lastly, to make recommendations for further studies for improvement in terms of the use of these questionnaires as research tools amongst the Zulu speaking population of South Africa. Firstly, the CMCC NDl and the SFMP questionnaires were translated into Zulu by means of a focus group. These versions were then assessed by means of a focus (or discussion) group, to assess their face validity. Changes were made to the original translations according to the recommendations of this group. These versions were then assessed with regards to their concurrent validity with the original English versions. Fifty volunteers, who were literate in both English and Zulu and who have suffered with neck pain, filled in both the Zulu and English versions of both questionnaires.
Virtual identity in social media as a source of information in the recruitment process
Authors: Synowiec Aleksandra
Published: February 2022

Problem:The objective of the study is to reflect on virtual identity in social networking sites as a source of information in the process of recruitment employees. The main aim of this study is to present the current state of the use of social media by enterprises and human resources departments as well as to introduce the phenomenon of cybervetting. Screening social media to find out about a candidate is not a sanctioned technique in human resources management, moreover –it is considered unethical and unlawful.TheCOVID-19crisishasalsoaffectedtheprocessofsearchingandrecruitingemployees.In2020,duetotheunexpectedepidemiccircumstances,hiringnewstaffmemberswaspossiblebyuseofe-recruitmenttoolsonly.Regardingthedominationofvirtualrecruitmentintheeraofapandemic,thequestionofusingsocialnetworksasasourceofinformationaboutacandidatebecomesevenmoreinterestingandworthexploring.Asnumberofresearchshow-socialmediascreeningorcybervettinghavebecomeapopularpracticeusedbyrecruitersworldwide.Methodology: The study involved a literature overview, analysis and synthesis.The question of virtual identity in social media as a source of information in recruitment process was posted and analyzed referring to current literature and human resources management practices collected in HR blogs in the Internet.The research question is current and multidisciplinary, and the in-depth study of the issue is needed. Though, findings contribute to the research in communication studies and management. Conclusion: According to recent studies, the use of information from social networking sites in human resource management is increasing despite the ethical concerns that this topic raises. Anotherissueinterconnectedwithmediascreeningisofethicalconcern–whethertheuseofinformalsourcesaboutthecandidateintherecruitmentandselectionprocessislegalandmorallyaccepted. Virtual identities in SNS are valuable information enabling companies to minimize the risk of hiring not appropriate candidates. The results of discussion carried out and the conclusions contained in the paper may constitute the basis for further exploration of the problem.Key words:social networking sites, recruitment process, cybervetting, social media screening.
The correlation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D) to IgE level, eosinophil, and Asthma Control Test (ACT) score in asthma patients
Authors: Ery Olivianto  , Ade Habibi  , Muchammad Fahrul Udin  , HMS Chandra Kusuma
Published: February 2022

Background: Asthma is a heterogenouse disease with chronic inflammation which is characterized by hyperreactivity and obstruction of respiratory tract. Many hypothesis of asthma were related with nutrition, such as vitamin D status. Vitamin D is a precursor of steroid hormone that has immunomodulator effect but the relationship of asthma and vitamin D still controversial. This study aims to find the relationship of vitamin D (25-(OH)D) with level of IgE, Eosinophils, and asthma control test (ACT) in mild to moderate pediatric asthmatic patient. Method: An observational analytic study with cross-sectional approach has been conducted among 40 pediatric asthmatic patients by consecutive sampling technique. Data regarding gender, age, vitamin D status, the levels of 25-(OH)D, IgE, Eosinophil, and ACT score were assessed in this study. Correlation analysis test was used as statistical analysis using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Result: Most of respondents were male (70.0%), 5-7 years of age range (52.5%), and insufficient of vitamin D (20-30 ng/ml) (45.0%). The recent study suggests a significant negative relationship between serum 25 (OH) D levels with total immunolobulin E levels (p=0.002; r=-0.476) and eosinophils (p = 0.002; r=-0.479). However, the 25-(OH)D level did not show a significant relationship with the ACT score (p = 0.195; r=0.209).Conclusion: Negative relationship was found between total serum 25(OH)D, total immunoglobulin E, and eosinophils in children with asthma. Moreover, 25(OH)D was not related to ACT score in children with asthma.
The difficulty of establishing the diagnosis of pediatric COVID-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Taufiq Kadafi
Published: February 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has not shown any signs of ending soon. Until May 1, 2020, the latest data recorded that Covid-19 cases in the world have reached 3,336,680 cases, with 235,245 people died and 1,054,786 people recovered. Of Â the number of still-active cases, 98% are mild cases, while the remaining 2% are severe. Since it was first identified (December 2019) until it was announced as a pandemic on March 11, 2020), cases of children have not escaped the effects of infection.
The low level of vitamin D3 among Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) children at Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Harjoedi Adji Tjahjono  , Wisnu Barlianto  , Dian Handayani  , Handono Kalim
Published: February 2022

Background:  The Type 1 Diabetes Melitus (T1DM) is a disease which is occurred because of autoimmune destruction in pancreas islet (insulin-producing ß cells). A Failure mechanism of immunoregulator causes inflammatory process in the islets and continue to damage the pancreatic β cell.  Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to know the level of vitamin D in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: An observational analytic cross-sectional design was conducted among 40 T1DM subjects and 40 healthy controls aged between 10-18-year-old. They were not having local or systemic infection, nor liver and kidney disorders. Vitamin D levels were measured by the ELISA method (ng/ ml). Subjects’ data were collected and processed by 2007 Microsoft Excel software, then analyzed with SPSS version 16.0 for Windows.

Results: Most of respondents in T1DM group were female (57.5%) and 15.94±1.00 years old for average age but not statistically significant compared with control group (p>0.05). There was a significant different of the mean level of vitamin D3 in the T1DM group (10.41 + 2,20 ng/ml) compared with control group (18.41 + 1.41 ng/ml) (p<0,05).

Conclusion:  The level of vitamin D (25 (OH) D3) in the T1 DM group were significantly lower compared to the control group
The Strategy to Encounter Limited Capacity of Critical Care for COVID-19 Children
Authors: Saptadi Yuliarto
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID) â€“ 19 morbidity rates in Indonesia have exponentially increased since its first case in March 2020. To date, 15,438 (0.004%) Indonesian population have been confirmed with Covid-19. Although it is only 0.004% from all of Indonesian, the patient's enhancement is high, also, the patients who recover just only 21.3%, It would endanger the healthcare capacity in Indonesia.1

Recent data from the Indonesian Health Ministry revealed 1,065 (6.9%) confirmed COVID-19 are at young ages. Considering confirmed to suspected/ probable case ratio was 1:2.1, it is estimated that 2,236 children in Indonesia require treatment with COVID-19 protocols. According to the China dataâ€™s, the prevalence of moderate to critical illness in children was 44.5%.2Â If applied in Indonesia, to date, about 995 children need intensive care treatment, which it will rise around 10-40 patients in each day
An Eleven Year Old Boy with Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)
Authors: Desy Wulandari  , Wisnu Barlianto  , Nisak Humairok
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The prospective studies have estimated that the DRESS syndrome incidence rate is about 1 per 1000 to 10,000 with the mortality rate is to be around 10% to 20%.

Case: We have been reported a case of DRESS in an eleven-year-old boy who came to the emergency room with the chief complaint of maculopapular rash in the body that had been happened for three days. The rash was first appeared in the arms area and thus spread to the trunk, abdomen, and lower extremities. The erythema was well-demarcated, purplish in color. There was a history of fever a week before admission which reached 40 0 Celcius. There are multiple histories of drug administration, either orally or intravenously to this patient, and made the diagnosis of drug reaction is highly possible. The management of these patients consists of suspending suspected drugs and implementing supportive measures.

Conclusion: Regarding pharmacological treatment, the use of systemic corticosteroids for a prolonged period with a gradual decrease is suggested, to avoid relapses.
Measurement report: Intra-, inter-annual variability and source apportionment of VOCs during 2018–2020 in Zhengzhou, Central China
Authors: Yu Shijie , Wang Shenbo , Xu Ruixin , Zhang Dong , Zhang Meng , Su Fangcheng , Zhang Ruiqin , Wang Lingling
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured continuously to investigate their characteristics, sources, atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) and chemical reactivity from January 2018 to December 2020 at an urban site in Zhengzhou, China. In this study, the total concentration of observed VOCs was 38.2 ± 15.6 ppbv during the sampling period, with the characteristics that alkanes were the major VOC species, accounting for 60 % of total VOCs. During the sampling period, the inter-annual variation of VOCs gradually reduced from 45.0 ± 25.2 ppbv in 2018 to 36.7 ± 22.0 ppbv in 2019, and to 30.5 ± 15.4 ppbv in 2020. Ethane, ethene, and propane were the top three abundant species during the three-year observation period. The results showed that total AOC, dominated by OH radical reactions, was 7.4 × 107 molecules cm−3 s−1. The total OH reactivity was 45.3 s−1, and mainly contributed by NOx. The AOC and •OH reactivity exhibited well-defined seasonal and inter-annual patterns. Therefore, the control strategy should focus on key species among inter-annual and seasonal variations. Meanwhile, diagnostic ratios of VOC species indicated VOCs in Zhengzhou were greatly affected by vehicle emissions and liquefied petroleum gas/natural gas (LPG/NG). Positive matrix factorization analysis showed six sources were identified, consisting of industrial sources, solvent use, vehicle exhaust, LPG/NG, coal+biomass burning and biogenic sources. Vehicle emissions, solvent use and LPG/NG made the largest contributions to VOC emission in all three years. The proportion of the contribution of vehicle emissions and LPG/NG has increased with each passing year. However, the proportion of industrial and solvent sources presented a decreasing trend, which is speculated that the policy control effect is remarkable. The effect of VOCs on ozone formation suggests that vehicle emission and solvent utilization were still key sources. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate effective strategies for reducing ground-level O3, and those sources mentioned above should be strictly controlled by the regulatory authorities.
Identification of highly oxygenated organic molecules and their role in aerosol formation in the reaction of limonene with nitrate radical
Authors: Guo Yindong , Shen Hongru , Pullinen Iida , Luo Hao , Kang Sungah , Vereecken Luc , Fuchs Hendrik , Hallquist Mattias , Acir Ismail-Hakki , Tillmann Ralf , Rohrer Franz , Wildt Jürgen , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Wahner Andreas , Zhao Defeng , Mentel Thomas F.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Nighttime nitrate radical(NO3)-initiated oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) such as monoterpenes is important for the formation and growth of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which has significant impact on climate, air quality and human health. In SOA formation and growth from the oxidation of monoterpenes by NO3, highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) may be crucial, but their formation pathways and role in aerosol formation have yet to be clarified. Among monoterpenes, limonene is of research interest for its high emission globally and high SOA yield. In this work, HOM formation in the reaction of limonene with nitrate radical was investigated in the SAPHIR chamber (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction chamber). About 280 HOM products were identified, grouped into 6 monomer series (each including 3 families) and one family, 11 dimer families and 3 trimer families. Both closed-shell products and open-shell peroxy radicals (RO2•) were observed, and many of them have not been reported previously. Monomers and dimers accounted for over 90 % of HOM concentrations. In the most abundant monomer series – C10H15–17NO6–14, carbonyl products outnumbered hydroxyl products, indicating the importance of the unimolecular RO2• termination pathway. Both RO2• autoxidation and alkoxy-peroxy pathways were found to be important processes leading to HOM. Time-dependent concentration profiles of monomer products containing nitrogen showed mainly second-generation formation patterns. Dimers were likely formed via the accretion reaction of two monomer RO2•, and HOM-trimers via the accretion reaction between monomer RO2• and dimer RO2•. Trimers are suggested to play an important role in new particle formation (NPF) observed in our experiment. A HOM yield of 1.5 % (+1.7 %/−0.7 %) was estimated considering only first-generation products. SOA mass growth could be reasonably explained by HOM condensation on particles assuming irreversible uptake of extremely low volatility organic compounds (ELVOC) and low volatility organic compounds (LVOC). This work provides evidence for the important role of HOM formed via the limonene + NO3 reaction in NPF and SOA growth.
Prediction of Alpine Foehn from time series of GNSS troposphere products using machine learning
Authors: Aichinger-Rosenberger Matthias , Brockmann Elmar , Crocetti Laura , Soja Benedikt , Moeller Gregor
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Remote sensing of water vapor using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a well-established technique and reliable data source for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). One of the phenomena rarely studied using GNSS are foehn winds. Since foehn winds are associated with significant humidity gradients between lee/luv side of a mountain range, tropospheric estimates from GNSS are also affected by their occurrence. Time series reveal characteristic features like distinctive minima/maxima and significant decrease in correlation between the stations. However, detecting such signals becomes increasingly difficult for large data sets. Therefore, we suggest the application of machine learning algorithms for detection and prediction of foehn events from GNSS troposphere products. The present study uses long-term time series of high-quality GNSS troposphere products from the Automated GNSS Network Switzerland (AGNES) as well as records of operational foehn index to investigate the performance of several different classification algorithms based on appropriate statistical metrics. The two best-performing algorithms are fine-tuned and employed on two years of test data. The results show very promising results, especially when reprocessed GNSS products are utilized. Detection- and alarm-based measures reach levels of 70–85 % for both tested algorithms and thus are comparable to those from studies using data from meteorological stations and NWP. For operational prediction, some limitations due to the availability and quality of GNSS products in near-real time (NRT) exist. However, they might be mitigated to a significant extend by provision of additional NRT products and improved data processing in the future.
Technical note: Conservative storage of water vapour: a key to practical measurements of water stable isotopes in tree stems and soils
Authors: Magh Ruth , Gralher Benjamin , Herbstritt Barbara , Kübert Angelika , Lim Hyungwoo , Lundmark Tomas , Marshall John
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Using water stable isotopes to track plant water uptake or soil water processes has become an invaluable tool in ecohydrology and physiological ecology. Recent studies have shown that laser absorption spectroscopy can measure equilibrated water vapour well enough to support inference of liquid stable isotope composition of plant or soil water, on-site and in real-time. However, current in-situ systems require the presence of an instrument in the field. Here we tested, first in the lab and then in the field, a method for equilibrating, collecting, storing, and finally analysing water vapour for its isotopic composition that does not require an instrument in the field. We developed a vapour storage vial system (VSVS) that relies on in-situ sampling into crimp neck vials with a double-coated cap using a pump and a flow meter powered through a small battery and measuring the samples in a laboratory. All components are inexpensive and commercially available. We tested the system’s ability to store the isotopic composition of its contents by sampling a range of water vapour of known isotopic compositions (from −95 to +1700 ‰ for δ2H) and measuring the isotopic composition after different storage periods. Samples for the field trial were taken in a boreal forest in northern Sweden. The isotopic composition was maintained to within 0.6 to 4.4 ‰ for δ2H and 0.6 to 0.8 ‰ for δ18O for natural-abundance samples. Although 2H-enriched samples showed higher uncertainty, they were sufficient to quantify label amounts. We detected a small change in the isotopic composition of the sample after long storage period, but it was correctable by linear regression models. We observed the same trend for the samples obtained in the field trial for δ18O but observed higher variation in δ2H compared to the lab trial. Our method combines the best of two worlds, sampling many trees in-situ while measuring at high precision in the laboratory. This provides the ecohydrology community a tool that is not only cost-efficient but also easy to use.
A Multi-strategy-mode-waterlogging-prediction Framework for Urban Flood Depth
Authors: Zhang Zongjia , Liang Jun , Zhou Yujue , Huang Zhejun , Jiang Jie , Liu Junguo , Yang Lili
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Flood is one of the most disruptive natural hazards, leading to massive loss of lives and considerable damage to properties. Coastal cities in Asia face floods almost every year due to monsoons influences. Early notification of flood incidents benefits the authorities and public to devise both short and long terms preventive measures, prepare evacuation and rescue missions, and relieve the flood victims. Based on time series prediction and machine learning regression algorithm, an innovative multi-strategy-mode-waterlogging-prediction framework for predicting waterlogging depth is proposed in this paper. The framework combines the historical rainfall and waterlogging depth to predict the near future waterlogging in time under future weather conditions. An expanding rainfall model was proposed to consider the positive correlation of future rainfall on the waterlogging. By selecting a suitable prediction strategy, adjusting the optimal model parameters, and then comparing the different algorithms, the optimal configuration of prediction is selected. In the actual value testing, the selected model has high computational efficiency, and the accuracy of predicting the waterlogging depth after 30 minutes can reach 86.1 %, which is superior to many data-driven prediction models for waterlogging depth. The framework is helpful to timely predict the depth of target point with a high level of accuracy. It’s of great significance to timely release early warning information to avoid casualties and property losses.
A new L4 multi-sensor ice surface temperature product for the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Karagali Ioanna , Barfod Suhr Magnus , Mottram Ruth , Nielsen-Englyst Pia , Dybkjær Gorm , Ghent Darren , Høyer Jacob L.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) is subject to amplified impacts of climate change and its monitoring is essential for understanding and improving scenarios of future climate conditions. Surface temperature over the GIS is an important variable as it regulates processes related to the exchange of energy and water between the surface and the atmosphere. As few key local observation sites exist, an important alternative to obtain surface temperature observations over the GIS is space-borne sensors that carry thermal infrared instruments. These offer several passes per day with a wide view and are the basis of deriving Ice Surface Temperature (IST) products. The aim of this study was to compare several satellite IST products for the GIS and develop and validate the first multi-sensor, gap-free (Level 4, L4) product for 2012. High resolution Level 2 (L2) IST products from the European Space Agency (ESA) Land Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative (LST_cci) project and the Arctic & Antarctic Ice Surface Temperatures from Thermal Infrared Satellite Sensors (AASTI) dataset, were assessed using observations from the PROMICE stations and IceBridge flight campaigns. The AASTI data showed overall better performance compared to LST_cci data, that in return had superior spatial coverage and availability. Both datasets were further utilised to construct a daily, gap-free, L4 IST product using the optimal interpolation (OI) method. The resulting L4 IST product performed satisfactorily in terms of quality when compared with surface temperature observations from the PROMICE stations and IceBridge flight campaigns. By combining the advantages of the upstream satellite datasets, the gap-free L4 IST product allowed for the analysis of IST over the GIS during the year 2012, when a significant melt event occurred. Mean summer (June–August) IST over the GIS was −5.5 °C ± 4.5 °C, with an annual mean of −22.1 °C ± 5.4 °C. Mean IST during the melt season (May–August) ranged from −15 °C to −1 °C, while almost the entire GIS experienced at least between 1 and 5 melt days when temperatures were −1 °C or higher. Finally, this study assessed the potential for using the satellite L4 IST product to improve model simulations of the GIS surface mass budget (SMB). The new L4 IST product was first used to evaluate, and then it was assimilated into an SMB model of snow and firn processes for the year 2012, to assess the impact of including a high resolution IST product on the SMB model. Compared with independent observations from the PROMICE stations and IceBridge flight campaigns, inclusion of the L4 IST dataset improved the model performance during the key onset of the melt season, where model biases are typically large. Reassuringly, internal model parameterisations performed well compared to the L4 IST dataset outside of this season, providing more confidence in modelled GIS surface mass budget (SMB) estimates.
Upaya Pemerintah Desa dalam Penanganan Persebaran Covid-19 : Studi pada Desa Ngestiharjo, Kapanewon Kasihan, Bantul
Authors: Putera Ilham Danni , Mu’allidin Isnaini
Published: February 2022

This research aims to analyze how the handling was carried out by the Village Government in Ngestiharjo Village in an effort to suppress and stop the rate of spread of coronavirus that is widespread in the community. Descriptive qualitative research methods are used in this study with research variables namely mitigation, prevention, and readiness (Preparedness) and early warning (Ramli, 2010). Respondents selected by the researchers were the Covid-19 task force, the government, BPBD Bantul and the ngestiharjo village community. The results showed that the efforts of the Ngestiharjo Village Government in handling the spread of Covid-19 are still not maximal despite various mitigation efforts such as shelter making and Village Government Regulations. Prevention from the Ngestiharjo Village Government in the form of training in the use of personal protective equipment and funerals with health protocols. The readiness of the Ngestiharjo Village Government is demonstrated through coordination with relevant parties and the Head of Support who cooperates with each other, but for early warning from the Ngestiharjo Village Government has not been implemented, because there are no suitable methods and equipment for the Covid-19 Pandemic disaster, considering that the non-natural disaster has only occurred for the first time.Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic, Handling, Ngestiharjo Village Government
Fixed point theorems for modified generalized F-contraction in G-metric spaces
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Arora Sahil
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we introduce new notions of generalized F-contractions of type(S) and type(M) in G-metric spaces. Some common fixed point theorems are proved using these notions. A suitable example is also provided to support our results.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON GROWTH IN THE AXIS OF DEMOCRATIZATION
Authors: TEKDEMİR Nazmiye , VAROL İYİDOĞAN Pelin
Published: February 2022

The social capital phenomenon is considered as the missing link of growth by recent studies. Attention has been drawn to the determinant of institutional factors, especially a stable democratic structure, for the occurrence of an impact of social capital on growth. In this regard, our study, covering 138 countries over the period 2009-2018, consists of two research questions. Firstly, “Does the economic growth performance of countries depend on accumulation of social capital as well as the physical and human capital accumulation highlighted by the theory?” Secondly, “Does the impact of social capital on growth change depending on the democratization level of the countries?” Linear panel data analysis was employed to examine the first question and the panel threshold method proposed by Hansen (1999) was utilized for the second research question. This nonlinear approach constitutes the original value of our study. Our analysis results indicate that, in countries where the democratization level is above a certain level, social capital has a determining impact on growth. In this framework, our findings indicate that the establishment and maintenance of democratic structure is one of the substantial policy focuses in the process of social capital-led growth.