bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Justice as a Tertiary Prevention Strategy
Authors: Goodmark Leigh
Published: January 2018

This chapter addresses the question, what is justice, in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV) and examines the use of law and the legal system for the prevention of IPV revictimization (tertiary prevention). The chapter highlights the limitations of the law and criminal legal system for achieving justice for specific groups of IPV survivors, and the potential for this system cause further harm. The chapter considers alternatives to the traditional criminal legal response to IPV to secure justice and safety for IPV survivors.
The whys and wherefores of Brexit
Authors: Ellison Nick
Published: January 2018

This introductory chapter examines the ‘whys and wherefores of Brexit’, considering not just the political roots of the referendum result but also its complex social and economic roots. The analysis suggests that although voters were largely influenced by a narrow range of core issues — notably the impact of rising net migration, anxieties about sovereignty and fears about the trajectory of the UK economy — these concerns may in turn have been provoked by two factors. First, labour markets became increasingly ‘flexible’ and less secure as a result of globalisation, and, second, this insecurity was compounded by the significant tilt towards ‘austerity’ in the period after 2010. This latter factor, in particular, had an immediate negative impact on the living standards of the most deprived groups in the UK and on the public services upon which they depend.
Workers on tap but income drying up? The potential implications for incomes and social protection of the ‘gig economy’
Authors: Gregory Lee
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores the issues on labour market and the tax and benefit system, focusing in particular on the rise of the so-called ‘on-demand economy’ or ‘gig economy’. Encompassing the image of the ‘gig’ — a sought after opportunity to perform and earn an income — the term seeks to capture a whole series of employment practices. From well-publicised activities such as those of Uber, the on-demand taxi app, to online marketplaces such as Etsy and accommodation platforms like Airbnb, there has been an increase in small-scale entrepreneurship. Ultimately, the rise in on-demand employment offers a number of challenges for the design and implementation of both social protection for the relief of poverty and efforts to prevent poverty. The chapter then studies similarities between the language of the ‘on-demand’ economy and the re-emergence of moralistic and pathological accounts of poverty.
Liberal democracy and differentiated citizenship
Authors: O'Sullivan Dominic
Published: January 2018

Citizenship defines the terms of belonging to the modern state. It is an ideological and power laden concept which can exacerbate, exaggerate or mediate tensions over the distribution of power and authority. States have used citizenship’s exclusive capacity for the assimilation of indigenous peoples. However, there is also considerable potential for a liberal theory of indigeneity, proceeding from differentiated liberal citizenship, to develop the right to difference in cultural expression, but sameness in political opportunities; difference in forms of land tenure, but sameness in capacity to make decisions about how land is used; difference in the ways one is taught at school, but sameness in educational quality.
The principal argument for differentiated citizenship is that liberal democracy alone does not guarantee the elimination of injustice, nor does it guarantee that indigenous political aspirations will not be marginalised by majoritarian politics.
The weight of Light Contradictions for Susan Rose and dancers: An exercise in parallel processing and power
Authors: Schwadron Hannah
Published: January 2018

This article returns to the improvisatory practice of Los Angeles-based choreographer, Susan Rose and her 1978 dance work, Light Contradictions. Analysis of the rule-based improvisation illuminates a critical choreographic practice based on parallel processing and power plays that has sustained in performance for four decades. Reliant on its simple rules, Light Contradictions makes its main message known: Do what I say as I say it, and I’ll do whatever you tell me to. The doing and saying duet appears friendly enough as an arrangement based on equal parts. What ensues, however, is the hysteria of two people – or several sets of two – as they aim to draw out a boundless repertoire of tasks and actions by way of bossing each other around. As the piece travels, rotating performers and crowds, it acts as a platform for keen interpersonal provocation and cultural exchange, simultaneity and contradiction.
Storytelling threads
Authors: Araujo Rosangela de
Published: January 2018

A silent ‘I am’ on the foot of an abandoned doll. An uttered ‘I am a cactus’. Line Klungseth Johansen weaves enigmatic messages into an apparently straightforward account of a brief love affair. What is she actually telling us? A search for hints in Flimmer’s poetic and subtle fabric. An interpretation.
The moving camera in Flimmer
Authors: Juel Henrik
Published: January 2018

No human actors are seen, but Flimmer still seethes with motion, both motion within the frame and motion of the frame. The subtle camera movements, perhaps at first unnoticed, play an important role in creating the poetic mood of the film, curious, playful and reflexive.
The Indian Male Body and the Heroic Ideal
Authors: Barbour Chad A.
Published: January 2018

Chapter one examines the existence of the Indian male body as an object of admiration and repulsion. On one hand, the Indian male body is glamorized as a specimen of Classical beauty, an ideal of physical and aesthetic form. On the
other hand, that Indian body possesses the potential for danger and physical
harm. Examples such as Tecumseh, Uncas, and Francis Parkman's descriptions of Native men demonstrate this contradictory balance of admiration and repulsion, a dynamic that both embodies and disembodies the Indian male figure. This chapter shows how American art and literature in the nineteenth century attempts to neutralize the perceived threat of the Indian male body through artistic objectification of that body, an objectification that aims to construct an ideal for white manhood.
“White Blood Turns Red”
Authors: Barbour Chad A.
Published: January 2018

Chapter four engages more directly with playing Indian in comic books, examining a host of titles in the 1940s and 1950s and afterwards that feature a white hero adopted by Indians or appropriating Indian ways. This depiction implements specific recurring characteristics: adoption by Indians, the white hero with Indian clothing or weapons, Indianness as strength and valor, the Indianized hero as upholder of justice on the frontier, and, in some cases, echoes of superhero conventions in a secret identity or sidekick. These stories not only engage in the frontier lineage discussed in previous chapters but also potentially reveal cultural values of the United States in the post-war years, especially concerning the construction and performance of gender, representations of nationalism and loyalty, and the construction of race and difference.
When Superheroes Play Indian
Authors: Barbour Chad A.
Published: January 2018

Chapter five continues the discussion of playing Indian in comic books, with the focus on superheroes in particular. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Plastic Man, Captain Marvel, Superman, and Batman play Indian. This chapter then examines Green Arrow’s Indian masquerade and its interaction with the social consciousness of Dennis O'Neil's Green Lantern. This chapter then considers Captain America as Indian and the repercussions of playing Indian for his role as national superhero and representative of U.S. identity. In Neil Gaiman’s 1602 (2003-04) and Tony Bedard’s one-shot story, What If? Featuring Captain America (2006), these reimagined visions of the Captain America mythos appropriate and perform Indianness in order to possess virile masculinity and physical strength. Furthermore, this appropriation of Indianness to produce heroic masculinity accompanies the comics’ conventions of superheroism. The white superhero as Indian encapsulates the major themes of this study and provides a fitting resolution for this book.
“All My Life I Had to Fight”: Domestic Trauma and Cinephilia in Tyler Perry’s Archive of Feelings
Authors: Sher Ben Raphael
Published: January 2018

Tyler Perry is the most prominent media personality to make a career out of representing African American women’s experiences with abuse and trauma. Focusing on affects, Ben Raphael Sher closely investigates Perry’s cinematic representations while simultaneously theorizing Perry’s cinephilia, or passionate love of cinema. In making clear the relationship between domestic trauma and cinephilia in the play Madea’s Class Reunion(2003), the film Madea’s Family Reunion(2006), andin Perry’s introduction to The 2006 Black Movie Awards, Sher addresses the widely held suspicion that Perry’s work capitalizes on the traumas of Black women. This chapter complicates these criticisms by suggesting that Perry’s representations of suffering Black women have less to do with a pathological desire to punish Black women and more to do with Perry’s complex fantastical and personal identification with them as a trauma survivor himself. Sher uses Perry’s trauma narratives to articulate a critique of the larger cultural lack of representations of male survivors of abuse.
Bring the Payne: The Erasure of the Black Sitcom and the Emergence of Tyler Perry’s House of Payne
Authors: Great Artel
Published: January 2018

Continuing a television studies analysis of Perry, Artel Great argues in Chapter Eight that from both a critical and an industrial perspective, the sitcom Tyler Perry’s House of Payne(TBS, 2006-2012) represents acomplex but no less problematic contribution to the history of Black televisual authorship. Precisely because there has been a pronounced dearth of Black representation on television, Great demonstrates that the politics of thirst best characterize how Black audiences engage the few existing images of televisual blackness. Despite several unprecedented industrial achievements (such as surpassing The Jeffersons[CBS, 1975-1985] as the longest running Black sitcom), when considered within the context of the history and formal structure of the Black sitcom, House of Payne digresses as itrejuvenates the narrative conventions and visual cues of uncritical Black minstrelsy. Rife with missed opportunities for teaching complex lessons about Black subjectivity, esteem, and interiority, Perry’s sitcom succeeded, then, mostly because of the continued omission of blackness on television.
Continuing Clear Line 1983–2013
Authors: Screech Matthew
Published: January 2018

This essay reconsiders the fundamental theorization of clear line provided decades ago by Bruno Lecigne, ranging across examples from Hergé’s contemporaries to artists working today. The chapter centers its theory of clear line on the relationship between art and the real, discarding Lecigne’s hierarchy of styles and opening up the legacy of Hergé for a wider variety of approaches.
Grenada: Socioeconomic Overview, 1960–2012
Authors: Grenade Kari H. I.
Published: January 2018

The chapter reviews economic policy and performance during the era of the People’s Revolutionary Government (PRG). It provides an overview of the economic environment during the Gairy era to help explain some of the possible causal antecedents (from an economic perspective) of the PRG’s insurrection in October, 1979, and why they would have pursued economic development differently from Gairy. It also discusses several aspects of development planning and policy as well as the performances of the four key economic sectors (real, fiscal, monetary and external) during 1979-83. A salient finding is that notwithstanding extensive social programs, the pursuit of a mixed economy model approach to development in an inherently and deeply-entrenched capitalist economic structure mitigated against the attainment of meaningful development results. The chapter ends with a discussion of some lessons evinced from the PRG’s experience that might be relevant for contemporary economic policy and management.
Grenada: Noncapitalist Path and the Derailment of a Social Democratic Revolution
Authors: Watson Hilbourne A.
Published: January 2018

This chapter argues that the Grenada Revolution did not meet the requirements for a social revolution with a working class character. Grenada, like most other Caribbean societies, simply lacked the foundation—material and otherwise—to build socialism, as there did not exist the deep inner structures of capital in science, technology, industry, finance, production and labor to achieve and/or sustain a social revolution. The crisis and collapse of the “Grenada Revolution” and the roles played by the “Grenada revolutionaries” relative to how they attempted to apply certain concepts from Marxism-Leninism and from Soviet ideology on the “Non-Capitalist” path to development had a great deal to do with the authoritarian political culture that survived British colonialism and imperialism through decolonization and independence. Marxism-Leninism complicated the process but was not necessary for the Grenada revolutionary experiment to collapse.
The Challenges for Revolutionary Change in the Caribbean
Authors: Campbell Horace G.
Published: January 2018

This chapter analyses the challenges for revolutionary change in the Caribbean. It examines critical concepts such as memory, self-organization, self-emancipation and fractal theories of revolution. It focuses on four revolutions: the Haitian, Cuban, Rastafarian and Grenadian revolutions and counter revolutions and seeks to conceptualize revolutionary change for the next twenty-five years by shedding light on the Zapatistas to the Bolivarian Revolution.
The Grenada Revolution and the Caribbean Left: The Case of the Guyana Working People’s Alliance
Authors: Hinds David
Published: January 2018

The politics of most Caribbean Left parties were influenced by the experience of the Grenada Revolution and its ultimate demise. This chapter examines the Working People’s Alliance (WPA) of Guyana, one of the parties with close ties to the New Jewel Movement (NJM), the party that led the revolution. The chapter looks at the relationship between the NJM and WPA before and during the revolution, including the impact of the revolution on the WPA’s fight against the Forbes Burnham-led People’s National Congress (PNC) dictatorship in Guyana. Finally, it draws a connection between the demise of the revolution in October, 1983, and the shift in the WPA’s tactics and strategy in the period following the demise.
Exploring Transitions in Party Politics in Grenada, 1984–2013
Authors: Grenade Wendy C.
Published: January 2018

One of the consequences of the demise of the Grenada Revolution and the US invasion of Grenada in 1983 was the formation of a new political party architecture to break with the past to rid Grenada of the vestiges of the revolution and the Eric Gairy regime that preceded it. The new architecture was intended to transcend authoritarianism, intra-party conflict and political violence to turn Grenada into a showcase for democracy and free enterprise. This chapter maps the contours of party politics in post-revolutionary Grenada. It argues that Grenada has transitioned to formal democracy but has not yet achieved deeper substantive democracy. The chapter teases out lessons from the Grenada case for democratic renewal in the Caribbean.
Beginnings
Authors: Svorinich Victor
Published: January 2018

I don’t play rock. I play black.1

—Miles Davis, 1969

Between 1969 and 1975, Miles Davis went through the most productive period of his career. In no other seven-year span had he produced as many studio and live recordings. This was yet another period marked by the intense experimentation and innovation that was already a hallmark of his then thirty-year career. He was on a mission. The high-water mark of this expedition happened during three summer days in August of ’69: the double album ...
Price Analysis of Different Options for Thermal Insulation of Vasil Levski National Military University Headquarters
Authors: Filipov Stefan
Published: January 2018

The paper presents the maintenance of the buildings property of MOD and BA. In perspective, the maintenance of a building can increase the efficiency level significantly, as well as part of it being given under rent to generate income for the budget of MOD. Comparative price analysis of different options and suboptions for thermal insulation of Vasil Levski National Military University Headquarters has been made and the most cost-effective option has been determined.
Spatial Distribution of BTEX and Inorganic Pollutants During Summer Season in Yalova, Turkey
Authors: Tecer Lokman Hakan , Tagil Sermin , Ulukaya Osman , Ficici Merve
Published: January 2018

The objective of this research is to determine the atmospheric concentrations and spatial distribution of benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E) and xylenes (X) (BTEX) and inorganic air pollutants (O3, NO2 and SO2) in the Yalova atmosphere during summer 2015. In this study, a combination of passive sampling and Geographical Information System-based geo-statistics are used with spatial statistics of autocorrelation to characterise the spatial pattern of the quality of air based on concentrations of these pollutants in Yalova. The spatial temporal variations of pollutants in the air with five types of land-use, residence, rural, highway, side road and industrial areas were investigated at 40 stations in Yalova between 7th August 2015 and 26th August 2015 using passive sampling. An inverse distance weighting interpolation technique was used to estimate variables at an unmeasured location from observed values at nearby locations. The spatial autocorrelation of air pollutants in the city was investigated using the statistical methods of Moran’s I in addition to the Getis Ord Gi. During the summer, highway and industrial sites had higher levels of BTEX then rural areas. The average concentration of toluene was measured to be 5.83 μg/m3 and this is the highest pollutant concentration. Average concentrations of NO2, O3 and SO2 are 35.64, 84.23 and 3.95 μg/m3, respectively. According to the global results of Moran’s I; NO2 and BTEX had positive correlations on a global space at a significant rate. Moreover, the autocorrelation analysis on the local space demonstrated significant hot spots on industrial sites and along the main roads.
The Effect of Ionic Liquids With (–)-Menthol Derivative Containing a Chloride Anion to Weed
Authors: Biczak Robert , Pawłowska Barbara , Feder-Kubis Joanna
Published: January 2018

Weeds constitute a huge group of undesirable plants, widespread throughout the world. They represent a big problem for most farmers, who implement different methods to fight against them. Thanks to their wide occurrence, weeds however, can be an excellent indicator of the quality of soil and the whole environment where they are present. In this paper, we present the impact of four alkylimidazolium chlorides with a natural terpene component introduced into the soil: (1R,2S,5R)-(–)-menthol and alkyl substituents containing 1, 4, 9 or 12 carbon atoms, on the growth and development of selected weed species. Compounds with the highest phytotoxic activity towards gallant soldier, white goosefoot and common sorrel were chlorides with methyl and butyl substituents, while compounds with nonyl and dodecyl substituents demonstrated a weak effect on these weeds. Phytotoxicity of the salts tested was largely dependent on the applied concentration of the compound and the genetic make-up of plant species used in the experiment. This was reflected in the inhibition of plants’ length and their roots, as well as changes in the content of dry matter and photosynthetic pigments.
Pre-requisites of successful strategic electronic coordination: the moderation effect of the ownership mechanism of inter-organisational information systems
Authors: Teryokhin Sergei , Hannås Gøril
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we attempt to explain how the ownership mechanism of an interorganisational information system (IOS) may impact strategic information exchange (electronic coordination) induced by specific investments in the IOS. Recent research and practice show that heavy investments in IOSs demonstrate mixed results with respect to their impact on the electronic coordination. Consequently, the search of additional factors is needed to help and explain under what circumstances the IOS investments for strategic purposes become beneficial for the companies in a buyersupplier dyad. Transaction cost economics (TCE) and the hostage model are used as a framework for the research. 198 observations of Norwegian companies in different branches of industry constitute the base of the empirical study. A buyer-supplier dyad is the unit of the analysis. A regression model of the relation between the IOS ownership mechanism and the strategic information sharing is used to test two hypotheses about the buyer-supplier collaboration via an IOS. The results demonstrate that the risk of unilateral specific investments in an IOS made by the buyer or the seller is attenuated by the ownership mechanism of the IOS. The willingness of a buyer to share their strategic information with the supplier via the IOS increases if the supplier invests in the IOS which is owned and controlled by the buyer. Conversely, the supplier becomes motivated to share certain sensitive strategic information with the buying company if the latter invests in the IOS which is owned and controlled by the supplier.
Dropout in an Online Training for Trainee Teachers
Authors: Stiller Klaus D. , Bachmaier Regine
Published: January 2018

High dropout rates are still a problem with online training. It is strongly suggested that learner characteristics influence the decision to persist in an online course or to drop out. The study explored the differences in domain-specific prior knowledge, motivation, computer attitude, computer anxiety, and learning skills between dropouts and active learners who enrolled in a vocational online training about media pedagogy for teachers. The data were collected from 575 trainee teachers from which three groups were formed: (a) students who only registered (n = 72) and (b) students who started learning but failed to complete any of the course modules (n = 124) and (c) active students who completed at least one module (n = 379). A dropout rate of 34.1% was observed. In general, only small effects were found. Students dropping out were older, had less prior knowledge, and lower skills in arranging an adequate learning environment.
Offering Authentic Learning Activities in the Context of Open Resources and Real-World Goals: A Study of Self-motivated Online Music Learning
Authors: Schmidt-Jones Catherine
Published: January 2018

Many users of online open education resources (OERs) are learners seeking insights into problems encountered as they pursue their everyday interests and activities. As well as benefitting from intrinsic motivation, such authentic learning activity provides context that helps the learner absorb and integrate the meaning of the knowledge. The purpose of this study was to explore barriers that prevent some online learners from using OERs in this way. Participants had experienced difficulties using music theory OERs to pursue personal music-making goals. Provided with online tutoring through an action research methodology, they appeared to benefit particularly from five aspects of active guidance: additional motivation, connections between generalized knowledge and personal experience, relevant learning activities, focus of attention, and goal-oriented feedback. In an environment rich in open content, providing these supports, in activities oriented towards learners’ goals, may be a particularly valuable use of teaching time.
Enhancing Understanding, Flow And Self-Efficacy In Learners With Developmental And Attention Difficulties Through ICT-Based Interventions
Authors: Andersen Hanne Voldborg , Sorensen Elsebeth Korsgaard
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this paper is to investigate in which ways technologies may be used to increase inclusion and a feeling of flow and self-efficacy in learning processes when it comes to learners with developmental and attention deficits (focus learners) in a mainstream classroom. The paper is one piece of outcome of a wider study on ICT facilitated inclusion, and this current piece of research addresses the challenges of enhancing focus learners’ comprehension when working with the curriculum. Several technologies have been tried out in a real school context and seven types of interventions are identified as valuable for focus learners’ capability in learning processes. The paper discusses the findings and concludes that conscious use of technology-based interventions makes it possible to provide learning challenges balanced to the learners’ individual skills. But a broader understanding and acceptance by all stakeholders of the specific challenges of this group of learners in mainstream educational systems seems needed to fulfil the potential.
Pre-Service Computer Teachers’ Tendencies Towards the Use of Mobile Technologies: A Technology Acceptance Model Perspective
Authors: Çakıroğlu Ünal , Gökoğlu Seyfullah , Öztürk Mücahit
Published: January 2018

Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this exploratory study examines the preservice teachers’ adoption of mobile technologies through the factors of current use, instructional use and future use in their teaching practices. Participants were 466 pre-service computer teachers enrolled at a public university in Turkey. A questionnaire developed by the researchers was used to collect data. Results indicated that the current use and instructional use factors had a strong positive correlation and also there was a similar correlation with the factor of future use and current use. Relationships between current, instructional, and future use of mobile technologies explained within the context of perceived usefulness, ease of use, and behavioural intention constructs of the TAM.
A note on split extensions of bialgebras
Authors: García-Martínez Xabier , Van der Linden Tim
Published: January 2018

We prove a universal characterization of Hopf algebras among cocommutative bialgebras over an algebraically closed field: a cocommutative bialgebra is a Hopf algebra precisely when every split extension over it admits a join decomposition. We also explain why this result cannot be extended to a non-cocommutative setting.
Fourier decomposition of segmented magnets with radial magnetization in surface-mounted PM machines
Authors: Tiang Tow Leong , Ishak Dahaman , Lim Chee Peng
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a generic field model of radial magnetization (RM) pattern produced by multiple segmented magnets per rotor pole in surface-mounted permanent magnet (PM) machines. The magnetization vectors from either odd- or even-number of magnet blocks per pole are described. Fourier decomposition is first employed to derive the field model, and later integrated with the exact 2D analytical subdomain method to predict the magnetic field distributions and other motor global quantities. For the assessment purpose, a 12-slot/8-pole surface-mounted PM motor with two segmented magnets per pole is investigated by using the proposed field model. The electromagnetic performances of the PM machines are intensively predicted by the proposed magnet field model which include the magnetic field distributions, airgap flux density, phase back-EMF, cogging torque, and output torque during either open-circuit or on-load operating conditions. The analytical results are evaluated and compared with those obtained from both 2D and 3D finite element analyses (FEA) where an excellent agreement has been achieved.
Deposition of gold nanoparticles from colloid on TiO2 surface
Authors: Rehacek Vlastimil , Hotovy Ivan
Published: January 2018

In this paper, experimental results are presented on the deposition of colloidal gold nanoparticles on the surfaces of TiO2 prepared on silicon/silicon dioxide. Important procedures, such as titanium dioxide surface hydrophilization as well as functionalization by an organosilane coupling agent (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane and (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane were investigated in order to obtain a metal oxide surface with the most convenient properties for immobilization of gold nanoparticles having a dense and uniform distribution. TiO2 nanotips prepared by reactive ion etching of oxide surface covered with self-mask gold nanoparticles are demonstrated.
Environmental Quality of Impact Drills
Authors: Hricová Beata , Lumnitzer Ervin
Published: January 2018

Environmental performance of each product is defined already at the stage of its design - in its pre-production stage. Environmental quality of the product is one of the most important factors of environmental performance of a product. Environmental quality includes a range of criteria that indicate the nature of the product and its environmental impact throughout its life cycle. The comparative analysis method is one of the ways to assess the environmental quality of the product. The article gives a specific example of the assessments carried out on the impact drills (of one specific brand) with different technical parameters.
Effects of Fusarium verticillioides and Lactobacillus Strains Inoculation on Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of Zea mays Plants
Authors: Kharazian Zohreh Akhavan , Aghdasi Mahnaz , Jouzan Gholamreza Salehi , Zamani Majid
Published: January 2018

The current research based on greenhouse experiment evaluates the impact of the Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paralimentaris, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Lactobacillus buchneri) previously isolated from maize silage on the Fusarium verticillioides-infected maize plants. The growth parameters as well as catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase antioxidant enzymes activity were investigated in one-month old seedlings, after inoculations with Fusarium or co-inoculations with Fusarium and the Lactobacillus strains. Application of Lactobacillus strains in maize seedlings significantly enhanced the plant growth and biomass. The best effect was observed when the L. buchneri was applied. It was revealed that inoculation with Fusarium stimulated antioxidant enzyme activity and co-inoculation with Lactobacillus strains reduced the enzyme activity, compared to Fusarium treatment alone. This is the first report that revealed the bioprotective role of Lactobacillus strains against F. verticillioides.
Morphometric Analysis of the Developmental Stages and Insecticidal Efficacy of Three Botanical Oils Against Adult Callosobruchus analis
Authors: Olufemi-Salami Folasade Kemisola , Akinneye Joseph Onaolapo , Salami Olufemi Samson
Published: January 2018

The developmental stages of Callosobruchus analis were observed under laboratory conditions at 28 ± 2 °C and 72 ± 5% relative humidity. The results showed that female C. analis began to lay eggs within 24 hours and have an oviposition period of 8.50 ± 0.70 days and an average of 13.00 ± 0.50 eggs were laid by individual C. analis throughout their lifetime. The mean developmental periods from egg to larva and larva to pupa were observed to be 8.50 ± 0.79 and 4.50 ± 0.70 days, respectively. The unmated bruchids were observed to have lived longer than the mated bruchids as the unmated bruchids lifespan was on average 10.50 ± 0.81 days, as opposed to 2.50 ± 0.75 days for mated females. Adult male C. analis have an average antenna length of 2.96 ± 0.08 mm which is slightly longer than 2.42 ± 0.12 mm on average for female bruchids. The three botanical oil extracts from Capsicum frutescens, Anacardium occidentale and Xylopia aethiopica used at 10.0% concentration were not effective, as none of them resulted in a mortality rate of 50% when recorded 3 days after treatment.
Anthropogenic pressure on the largest lakes of the River Tywa catchment
Authors: Kubiak Jacek , Machula Sylwia , Oszkinis Dorota , Rokicki Dominik
Published: January 2018

The largest lakes of the River Tywa basin i.e. Strzeszowskie, Dołgie, Swobnica and Dłużec (north-west Poland, West Pomeranian Lakeland) were studied in the period 2008–2013, usually in a six week cycle. The aim of the study was to determine the degree of anthropogenic pressure on the lakes. Anthropogenic pressure was assessed against the natural vulnerability of lakes to degradation and the actual rate of eutrophication, with particular consideration of the catchment areas. Catchments of the studied lakes were classified as III class – catchment with moderate possibility of matter supply to lakes. Lakes Swobnica and Dłużec are characterised by low resistance to degradation. Lake Strzeszowskie is categorised as having moderate resistance and Lake Dołgie is non-resistant to degradation and highly susceptible to external pressure. The rate of eutrophication of lakes Strzeszowskie and Dłużec was found to be moderate, whereas lakes Dołgie and Swobnica show a high rate of eutrophication. The analysis of nutrient loading reaching the waters of the aforementioned lakes shows that the main area source is arable land, and the fundamental point source is the inflow of river waters to each of the analysed reservoirs. Nutrient loading supplied by the river is several times higher than area load. Such conditions require protective action to be taken within the catchment area and particularly, intensive implementation of good agricultural practice. In the studied lakes, there is a significant predominance of incoming nutrient loadings over dangerous and admissible loads.
Residential Segregation at the Local Level in Poland. Case Studies for Praga Północ, Włochy and Ursynów
Authors: Jaczewska Barbara , Grzegorczyk Anna
Published: January 2018

The aim of this article is to answer two questions concerning the scale and the pattern of residential segregation in Warsaw at the local level and the character of contemporary processes accompanying and modifying this phenomenon. While examining residential segregation we have applied a multidimensional approach to underline the complex nature of this phenomenon. We have focused on data concerning different demographic and socio-economic categories. Furthermore we indicate and describe three socio-spatial, contemporary processes that have accompanied an increase in social inequalities in Warsaw (the creation of enclaves of poverty and wealth and the process of gentrification). The research reveals increasing social inequalities at the local level that began in the socialist era and have strengthened during the transformation period, as well as the stability of the socio-spatial pattern in selected districts that influence their local specifics.
Optimal design of the rotor geometry of line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor using the bat algorithm
Authors: Knypiński Łukasz
Published: January 2018

In this paper an algorithm for the optimization of excitation system of line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors will be presented. For the basis of this algorithm, software was developed in the Borland Delphi environment. The software consists of two independent modules: an optimization solver, and a module including the mathematical model of a synchronous motor with a self-start ability. The optimization module contains the bat algorithm procedure. The mathematical model of the motor has been developed in an Ansys Maxwell environment. In order to determine the functional parameters of the motor, additional scripts in Visual Basic language were developed. Selected results of the optimization calculation are presented and compared with results for the particle swarm optimization algorithm.
Knowledge of the Importance of Iodine in Nutrition among Adults in Latvia
Authors: Ciekure Elīna , Siksna Inese
Published: January 2018

The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) states that it is essential for people to understand what constitutes a healthy diet and to know how to use their resources in the most effective way. Iodine is an essential nutrient for mammals, required as a mandatory structural and functional element of thyroid hormones. Previous studies in Latvia highlighted a tendency of reduced level of iodine for newborns, school-age children and pregnant women. No studies in the general adult population had been conducted yet. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of knowledge regarding the role of iodine in nutrition in the adult population of Latvia. In total 199 adults participated in the survey. Data on the knowledge about the occurrence of iodine in nature and foodstuffs, the role of iodine in nutrition, and its deficiency were obtained. Results of the survey showed that only 4.5% of respondents used iodised salt daily in the diet. One-fourth knew that iodine is widely found in the environment and more than one-third knew all of the main functions of iodine in the human body. Salt and sea food were mentioned as the most common iodine sources. While iodised salt is used rarely, public awareness about the role of iodine is good and potential iodine deficiency in Latvia is likely due to unbalanced diet rather than lack of knowledge.
Comparison of Body Composition and Energy Intake of Young Female Ballet Dancers and Ordinary School Girls
Authors: Kalniņa Līga , Selga Guntars , Sauka Melita , Randoha Aija , Krasovska Eva , Lāriņš Viesturs
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study is to assess body fat level, energy and nutrient intake of adolescent ballet dancers and to compare these results with those of adolescents from ordinary school. Participants included 39 ballet dancers and 70 adolescents from ordinary school. Body composition was measured using a multi-frequency 8-polar bioelectrical impedance leg-to-hand analyser (X-Scan Plus II, Korea). Dietary intakes were assessed using a three-day estimated food record. Nutritional intake was calculated using the Nutri Survey software. Ballet dancers were slightly shorter, lighter, with less fat and fat-free mass compared to girls from ordinary school. 51.3% (95% CI 35.59 to 66.97) of ballet dancers and 4% (95% CI; 0.27 to 11.15) of ordinary school girls had a body fat level of 12% or less. The recommended amount of 35–45 kcal energy to kg fat-free mass for aesthetic sports was not reached by 42.1% (95% CI 27.61 to 50.65%) of ballet dancers. No statistically significant difference was found in percent body fat between ballet dancers who consumed energy less than the recommended amount compared to those who ate normally, but fatfree mass (p < 0.05) was lower in those who consumed 35–45 kcal energy to kg fat-free mass or less compared to those who ate more. The investigated groups had an inadequate intake of minerals and vitamins during the winter period.
Food Supply and Nutrition in the Bulgarian Army
Authors: Glushkov Pavlin
Published: January 2018

The main tasks of food logistics in the military formations are to provide the personnel with food, material and nutritional property, to maintain and refresh the stocks, as well as organize the nutrition of the personnel in peacetime and wartime according to the current nutrition norms.

It should be noted that food supply and the organization of nutrition bear its specific characteristics depending on the place where it is carried out and the force of the factors that influence it.

The present study focuses on the organization of nutrition in the stage of peacetime national training of military forces.
Improving the Efficiency of Outsourcing Services in the Bulgarian Armed Forces
Authors: Stefanov Nikolay
Published: January 2018

The outsourcing services in the sphere of armed forces could be introduced as a dynamic management strategy. The aim of this strategy is to relocate the non-functional activities to external contractors, mainly for a long period of time, in order to realise savings, increase the specialisation and improve the quality of the delivered services.

The ultimate goal is to provide additional resources and time to implement the core specific activities of the organisation. The efficiency of the outsourcing process is directly related to the ability of the military unit to carefully select which activities and services to outsource.

This article analyses the possibilities for increasing the efficiency of outsourcing services in the structures of the Bulgarian Armed Forces.
Preliminary Back-Analysis of the Height of Mud Brick Fortifications Based on Geoarchaeological Data at Tell El-Retaba Site in Egypt
Authors: Trzciński Jerzy , Zaremba Małgorzata , Rzepka Sławomir , Bogusz Witold , Godlewski Tomasz , Szczepański Tomasz
Published: January 2018

The Tell el-Retaba archaeological site is located at Wadi Tumilat, a shallow valley running from the Nile Delta to the Bitter Lakes. In ancient times, a route connecting Egypt with Syria-Palestine ran across the site. In the 13th century BC, during the rule of Ramesses II, a fortress surrounded by “Wall 1” was erected and in times of Ramesses III in the 12th century BC, a larger fortress surrounded by “Wall 2” and “Wall 3” was constructed. Using the finite element method (FEM) and ZSoil 2D&3D software, the wall heights were modelled and their soil-structure interaction was analysed. Strength of the wall depended on size and strength of bricks and mortar, brickwork, wall shape and foundation. Ancient builders using mud bricks must have known from practical experience the essentials of a wall construction, in which the height to width ratio was at 1.75 to 1.85. Moreover, they must have related the engineering properties of the material with the height of the construction and its purpose. The width to height ratio must have been used and related by ancient Egyptians to the ground resistance. Modelling has shown that, at wall width of 5 m, the foundation would have lost its stability at wall height of 13–14 m and bricks from the lower part of the wall would be destroyed. According to the undertaken assumptions, in order to retain stability, the wall height must have been limited to about 8–9 m.
Evaluation of a Campus Service Quality Recreational Scale
Authors: Mokoena Bakae Aubrey , Dhurup Manilal Roy
Published: January 2018

In the past two decades, several researchers have applied service quality frameworks in sport-related domains in measuring service quality among participants. However, university campus recreation has been scarce as compared to organised sport at local, regional and national levels, which often depends on a limited tenure linked to their membership as a registered student at a university. The purpose of the study is to investigate service quality dimensions as perceived by university leisure and recreation students. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among 301 university students using a non-probability purposive sampling. Variables that constituted campus recreation service quality were operationalised through a literature review, including sport and recreational scales. Through factor analysis, seven distinct dimensions of campus recreation service quality were established. These factors were labelled: people interaction, facility design, sociability, physical change, equipment, ambience and program range. Item total correlations show satisfactory convergence of the items within their relevant constructs. This study complements the existing recreational sports body of knowledge by exploring campus recreation service quality. These dimensions may assist campus recreation mangers to understand the dimensions that are pertinent among students within a university context better. Recreation managers, in their periodic measurement of service quality, can incorporate these dimensions.
Understanding Success according to Crowdfunding Project’s Initiators
Authors: Costa e Silva Susana , Vieira Ana Isabel Tavares
Published: January 2018

Over the past few years, a large number of projects related to entrepreneurship ideas have appeared daily in the media, due to the fact that they were sold as new solutions for companies or gave origin to new companies. These projects were mainly created by individuals who were students, unemployed persons or working people and, consequently, did not have a company of their own and, in most of the cases, also did not have the means to finance their idea. In some situations, the creation of a crowdfunding project presents itself as a convenient and riskless option for funding and this is frequently the reason why some project initiators decide to launch a campaign. The assessment of each campaign depends on the expectations of the project creator, who is in the best position to decide whether it was actually successful. Untangling how a project owner can assess the performance of its project is of major importance, namely when projects are launched by individuals who ultimately carry all the tasks involved in the initiative. This is a field of research within crowdfunding that remains, to the best of our knowledge, under researched. We propose a framework for the analysis of the success of these projects and we test it on six crowdfunding projects launched in Portugal. Our goal is to shed light to the factors that can be used by project creators in the assessment of the performance of their initiatives.
Linear revitalization – problems and challenges. Discursive article
Authors: Sas-Bojarska Aleksandra
Published: January 2018

The aim of the article, defined by the author as discursive, is to give the answer as to whether within ‘revitalization’ we should distinguish the notion of ‘linear revitalization’ – not yet defined in Polish and English-language literature. The author presents the thesis that we should do so by presenting the idea, its specific character and its role. This kind of action seems to have, in the author’s opinion, a positive influence on contemporary cities regarding the growing problems that result from fragmentation and lack of physical, social, economic and ecological connectivity. The general overview of revitalization provides the basis for proving the necessity of specific solutions relating to degraded linear structures. Linear revitalization, as presented, relates to different city structures which need renewal. It may become an important tool for sustainable city development and may improve the quality of life. Theoretical deliberations, presenting the reasons, needs, ideas, draft classifications, tasks and positive effects of linear revitalization have been supplemented by some case studies from Poland and abroad. The benefits to whole city structures of carrying out linear revitalization are presented. They justify the creation of a new definition and further research. The approach presented, being in the author’s opinion the beginning of the discussion, meets the need to look for effective new methods and tools within urban revitalization, solving the problems and fulfilling the new challenges of contemporary cities.
Assessment of the walking accessibility of public libraries in Krakow using the E2SFCA approach
Authors: Huhndorf Simon , Działek Jarosław
Published: January 2018

Public libraries play an important role for local neighbourhoods as they function as community hubs. In an ideal case libraries would be located in such a way that a high level of equity in access to them is ensured. This study examines whether or not this equity of access is provided in the case of Krakow where the network of public libraries has recently been reorganised. Besides other methods of measuring accessibility the authors utilise the enhanced two-step floating catchment area approach in order to uncover spatial differences in potential accessibility on foot. Findings from the analyses indicate that, with the exception of the central districts of Krakow, every district is faced with an accumulation of more or less neglected areas. In addition, the work highlights that almost one quarter of Krakow’s population is affected by poor accessibility on foot (more than 20 minutes walk) to the nearest library. The study concludes that the variations in access to libraries presented should be considered by local planners in future phases of the planning of new libraries.