bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compartmentalising time and space: a phenomenological interpretation of the temporal experience of commencing haemodialysis
Authors: Gullick Janice , Monaro Susan , Stewart Glenn
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectives

To interpret the spatio‐temporal experience of people with end‐stage kidney disease and their families in the first months of haemodialysis.

Background

While dialysis is the mainstay of end‐stage kidney disease management, the actual initiation of treatment is often unexpected by people and families. Poor biopsychosocial preparation means haemodialysis commencement is experienced as a crisis. While previous phenomenological studies suggest that over time, a habitual incorporation of dialysis into one's self‐concept is possible, the spatio‐temporal experience of people new to haemodialysis is not well understood.

Design

A phenomenological study.

Methods

Following purposive sampling, 18 participants were recruited either during an inpatient admission or while attending a public hospital‐based haemodialysis unit in Sydney, Australia. Eleven people who had commenced haemodialysis within the previous three months and five close family members were separately engaged in semistructured interviews. Hermeneutic interpretation within a Heideggerian framework occurred through a backward‐and‐forward analysis between the early haemodialysis experience and its relationship to Being.

Results

Themes that related to a temporal and spatial understanding of Being‐in‐the‐world as a new haemodialysis patient or carer included the following: ‘compartmentalising life into dialysis and non‐dialysis days’ (lost time, clock time and lived time); ‘compartmentalising before, now and future’ (normalising the ‘before’, dealing with the ‘now’ and the ‘foreverness’ of dialysis); and finally, ‘compartmentalising space’.

Conclusions

In the months after dialysis commencement, patients and family carers compartmentalise time and space with a loss of continuity of meaningful, lived time that had framed people's past sense of normal.

Relevance to clinical practice

Resource enhancement activities should focus on social connectivity and provision of personnel and/or infrastructure to reduce boredom, to facilitate engagement with meaningful tasks and, where appropriate, to support the continuation of work activities during the dialysis period.
‘Kids need to talk too’: inclusive practices for children's healthcare education and participation
Authors: Koller Donna
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectives

To examine how children with chronic medical conditions view healthcare education and decision‐making and to propose the application of the universal design for learning in paediatric settings.

Background

Children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions tend to be excluded from healthcare decision‐making. In schools, the universal design for learning promotes access to education and participation in school communities for all children, regardless of their disabilities or medical needs, rendering it an appropriate model for children's participation in healthcare decision‐making.

Design

This article presents findings from a qualitative study with 26 children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions about their views and experiences with healthcare education and decision‐making.

Methods

Twenty‐six children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions were interviewed using semi‐structured interviews.

Results

Findings provide evidence that clinical practices often fail to provide equal opportunities for paediatric patients to understand their condition, share their views and/or participate in decisions regarding their care.

Conclusions

In response to ongoing concerns about paediatric decision‐making, we propose that the universal design for learning be adapted in paediatrics. The model presents exemplary programmes as inclusive, accounting for the needs of all children through multiple means of engagement and expression.

Relevance to clinical practice

A discussion of how the principles of universal design for learning could be applied in paediatric settings is offered for the purpose of advancing ethical and psychosocial care for all children regardless of their age, developmental capacity or condition.
Exploring experiences of the quality of nursing care among patients, nurses, caregivers and physicians in a haemodialysis department
Authors: Nobahar Monir
Published: December 2016

Background and Objectives

Providing high‐quality care to patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) is a priority for nurses. The present study was conducted to explore the experiences of the quality of nursing care among patients, nurses, caregivers and physicians in an HD department in Iran.

Methods

This was a qualitative study, set in the HD department of Kowsar Hospital in Semnan, Iran. A total of 20 participants (patients, caregivers, nurses and doctors) were selected and were invited to semi‐structured interviews with open‐ended questions. The data obtained were analysed using conventional content analysis.

Findings

The analysis of the data led to the extraction of four themes: maintaining health, person/client, nursing responsibility and environment.

Conclusion

The findings of the present study showed that maintaining health, person/client interaction, nursing responsibility and environment are four important nursing metaparadigms that affect the quality of nursing care in HD departments.
The Lactoperoxidase System: a Natural Biochemical Biocontrol Agent for Pre‐ and Postharvest Applications
Authors: Bafort Françoise , Parisi Olivier , Perraudin Jean‐Paul , Jijakli Mohammed Haïssam
Published: December 2016

Controlling pests in pre‐ and postharvest crops using natural and low‐impact products is a major challenge. The lactoperoxidase system is an enzymatic system that exists in all external secretions in mammals and is part of the non‐immune system. We tested its efficacy in in vitro microplates on Phytophthora infestans, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea to determine the most suitable concentrations for use. Then, we verified its efficacy in planta under controlled conditions. Solutions prepared with 5.4 mm iodide and 1.2 mm thiocyanate and diluted threefold inhibited pathogen growth in vitro by 63–100%. Twofold‐diluted solutions protected potato plants against P. infestans by 60–74% under controlled conditions. Undiluted solution inhibited orange's and apple's postharvest pathogens in curative application with efficacy levels ranging between 84 and 95% in orange and between 63 and 74% in apple. 1.5‐fold concentrated solutions inhibited postharvest pathogens of apple in curative application with efficacy levels ranging between 84 and 92%. Our results also show that the oxidative stress response of fruit following wounding could interfere with ion efficiency. Our tests demonstrate for the first time that this biochemical method is as efficient as a conventional synthetic chemical method under controlled conditions.
Survival of Rhizoctonia solani AG‐1 IA, the Causal Agent of Rice Sheath Blight, under Different Environmental Conditions
Authors: Feng Shujie , Shu Canwei , Wang Chenjiaozi , Jiang Shaofeng , Zhou Erxun
Published: December 2016

The ability of Rhizoctonia solani AG‐1 IA, the causal agent of rice sheath blight, to survive in diseased rice straw and as sclerotia and mycelia was investigated. After storage for 10 months at 4°C, 25°C and non‐air‐conditioned natural room temperature (NRT, temperature range from 6°C to 35°C), sclerotia placed inside a desiccator, soaked in sterile water or immersed in wet paddy soil were viable. In contrast, only 15% of sclerotia in dry paddy soil survived. Survival of mycelia was severely affected by temperature and humidity. After 10 months in a desiccator at 4°C, 55% of mycelia samples could survive, whereas at 25°C and NRT, mycelial samples survived for only 7 and 5 months, respectively. However, mycelia stored in sterile water at constant temperatures (4°C or 25°C) survived for 10 months. A certain amount of UV radiation had no obvious effect on the survival of sclerotia or mycelia. The survival rate of the fungus in diseased rice straw stored for 16 months could reach 100% at 4°C, 50% at 25°C and 35% at NRT. The survival rates of the pathogen in diseased rice straw buried in dry, wet and flooded paddy soils after 10‐month storage at NRT were 75, 100 and 100%, respectively, indicating that soil humidity is a crucial factor for the survival of this fungus.
Potato Root Exudation and Release of Spongospora subterranea Resting Spore Germination Stimulants are Affected by Plant and Environmental Conditions
Authors: Balendres Mark A. , Nichols David S. , Tegg Robert S. , Wilson Calum R.
Published: December 2016

Variation in plant and environmental conditions were studied to determine the effect thereof on the exudation of low‐molecular‐weight organic compounds by potato roots. The results of the phytochemical analyses showed that among the conditions investigated, root vigour, potato cultivar, nutrients in incubation solution and temperature influenced the number and the type of primary metabolites released. Moreover, these conditions influenced our detection of compounds known to stimulate germination of resting spores of the pathogen Spongospora subterranea, causal agent of powdery scab and root diseases of potato. We conclude that changes in plant and environmental conditions can affect the release of specific compounds that stimulate germination of S. subterranea resting spores. The impact of the factors affecting potato root exudation on subsequent disease development is discussed.
Scrophularia attariae and S. maharluica spp. nov. (Scrophulariaceae) from south Iran
Authors: Ranjbar Massoud , Rahchamani Narges , Ghahremaninejad Farrokh , Zeraatkar Amin
Published: December 2016

Two new species of Scrophularia L. sect. Tomiophyllum Benth., S. attariae Ranjbar & Rahchamani and S. maharluica Ranjbar & Rahchamani, are described and illustrated from Fars Province, south Iran. The diagnostic morphological characters of these species and closely related taxa are discussed. The distribution, ecology and conservation status of the new species are also described. The value and utility of stem indumentum and leaf stomata is evaluated as an additional source of information for their taxonomy. Finally, an identification key and distribution map for the new taxa and related species are presented.
Lomatogonium cherukurianum sp. nov. (Gentianaceae) from Sikkim Himalaya
Authors: Dey Sentu K. , Maity D.
Published: December 2016

Populations of an unknown taxon of Lomatogonium A. Braun have been found during floristic surveys in the alpine pasture of north Sikkim, India. Comparison with morphologically similar taxa (Lomatogonium stapfii (Burkill) Harry Smith and L. longifolium Harry Smith) revealed that the new populations represent a species new to science, which is described as L. cherukurianum. Data on phenology, ecology and distribution of the new species is provided together with illustrations.
Pediatric rumination subtypes: A study using high‐resolution esophageal manometry with impedance
Authors: Rosen R. , Rodriguez L. , Nurko S.
Published: December 2016

Background

The differential diagnosis of intractable reflux in children includes rumination syndrome, but confirming the diagnosis using antroduodenal manometry is invasive, is costly, and requires anesthesia. High‐resolution esophageal manometry with impedance (HRM‐MII) overcomes these limitations, and the goal of this study is to validate the use of HRM‐MII as a diagnostic tool for rumination and to describe the subtypes of pediatric rumination.

Methods

We reviewed the HRM‐MII tracings of 21 children presenting with symptoms of intractable reflux in whom rumination was being considered. Patients underwent a standard and post‐prandial HRM‐MII. Peak intraluminal esophageal pressures, baseline gastric and thoracic pressures, and the timing of the R wave relative to LES relaxations and bolus flow were recorded. Chi‐square analyses were used for comparison of proportions and means were compared using t‐tests or non‐parametric equivalent.

Key Results

Forty‐one (55.5%) primary and 33 (44.5%) secondary rumination episodes were seen. Three types of primary rumination were identified: i) LES relaxation without retrograde flow preceding the R wave (51% of episodes); ii) LES relaxation after the R wave (20% of episodes); and iii) R waves with no LES relaxation (29% of episodes). Eleven patients had rumination episodes with a peak gastric pressure <30 mm Hg. A total of 44 (60%) rumination episodes occurred during the standard HRM‐MII, and 30 (40%) occurred during or after the meal.

Conclusions & Inferences

HRM‐MII can accurately diagnose rumination in children. We identify three types of primary rumination which may provide insight into therapeutic response.
Resource exploitation and relatedness: implications for offspring size variation within broods
Authors: Kamel Stephanie J. , Williams Paul D.
Published: December 2016

Much of the theory on offspring size variation within a brood relies on unequal maternal allocation of resources to each embryo. However, maternal allocation strategies are subject to an inherent conflict between mothers and offspring: individual offspring, being more closely related to themselves than to their siblings, should always prefer a larger share of the available resources than that which is optimal from their mother's perspective. Thus, in species where mothers cannot unilaterally impose a resource allocation strategy, offspring can respond to this conflict by competing for more resources than is maternally optimal. Here we show that variation in offspring size within a brood can arise as a by‐product of competition between siblings over a common resource, even when 1) there are no competitive inequalities within families, and 2) maternal investment per brood is fixed. Moreover, we show that size variance among offspring increases with increasing levels of competition, brought about by decreasing relatedness among siblings. Conflict thus offers a simple, testable and, potentially general, explanation for the wide variability in offspring size seen in nature. This extends explanatory hypotheses for offspring size variation beyond those of maternal effects, under which most explanations have been subsumed to date.
Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of diversity and breeding progress in European triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack)
Authors: Losert Dominik , Maurer Hans Peter , Marulanda José J. , Würschum Tobias
Published: December 2016

Knowledge of the extent of phenotypic variability, genetic diversity and the realized breeding progress is central for the optimum design of breeding programmes, but little information is available for triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack). In this study, a collection of 885 diverse European triticale lines was evaluated in multilocation field trials in 2 years. We observed significant genotypic variances and high heritabilities for several agronomic and morphological traits and significant correlations among different traits including grain yield. Based on a subset of the population of 121 varieties registered in Europe between 1983 and 2014, we observed a substantial breeding progress for grain yield with a significant rate of increase of 53 kg/ha or 0.67% per year. All lines were genotyped by a genotyping‐by‐sequencing approach yielding 58 888 polymorphic markers. Our analyses revealed the absence of major population structure but a certain grouping of lines according to their origin. Taken together, our results on triticale germplasm and its breeding history provide important information for breeding programmes and future selection gain in this crop.
Sinus floor elevation procedures to enable implant placement and integration: techniques, biological aspects and clinical outcomes
Authors: Lundgren Stefan , Cricchio Giovanni , Hallman Mats , Jungner Måns , Rasmusson Lars , Sennerby Lars
Published: December 2016

Implant treatment in an atrophied edentulous posterior maxilla constitutes a challenge for the therapeutic team. The authors of the present study acknowledge that modern micro‐rough surface implants in lengths of about 8–10 mm or longer and of different brands are similarly successful. Consequently, the authors propose that the use of different sinus floor elevation techniques should be considered when < 8 mm of bone is available below the maxillary sinus. The type of sinus floor elevation technique selected is mainly based on residual vertical bone height, marginal bone width, local intrasinus anatomy and the number of teeth to be replaced, although other factors (such as surgical training and surgical experience) may have an impact. It is proposed that a transcrestal sinus floor elevation approach can be considered as a first‐choice method for single tooth gaps in situations with sufficient width for implant placement and a residual bone height of 5–8 mm, while lateral sinus floor elevation, with or without grafting materials, is indicated when < 5 mm of bone is available and when several teeth are to be replaced. With regard to time of implant placement, a one‐stage procedure is preferred provided that high primary stability can be ensured.
Osseointegration of titanium, titanium alloy and zirconia dental implants: current knowledge and open questions
Authors: Bosshardt Dieter D. , Chappuis Vivianne , Buser Daniel
Published: December 2016

Bone healing around dental implants follows the pattern and sequence of intramembraneous osteogenesis with formation of woven bone first of all followed later by formation of parallel‐fibered and lamellar bone. Bone apposition onto the implant surface starts earlier in trabecular bone than in compact bone. While the first new bone may be found on the implant surface around 1 week after installation, bone remodeling starts at between 6 and 12 weeks and continues throughout life. Bone remodeling also involves the bone–implant interface, thus transiently exposing portions of the implant surface. Surface modifications creating micro‐rough implant surfaces accelerate the osseointegration process of titanium implants, as demonstrated in numerous animal experiments. Sandblasting followed by acid‐etching may currently be regarded as the gold standard technique to create micro‐rough surfaces. Chemical surface modifications, resulting in higher hydrophilicity, further increase the speed of osseointegration of titanium and titanium‐zirconium implants in both animals and humans. Surface modifications of zirconia and alumina‐toughened zirconia implants also have an influence on the speed of osseointegration, and some implant types reach high bone‐to‐implant contact values in animals. Although often discussed independently of each other, surface characteristics, such as topography and chemistry, are virtually inseparable. Contemporary, well‐documented implant systems with micro‐rough implant surfaces, placed by properly trained and experienced clinicians, demonstrate high long‐term survival rates. Nevertheless, implant failures do occur. A low percentage of implants are diagnosed with peri‐implantitis after 10 years in function. In addition, a low number of implants seem to be lost for primarily reasons other than biofilm‐induced infection. Patient factors, such as medications interfering with the immune system and bone cells, may be an element contributing to continuous bone loss and should therefore be monitored and studied in greater detail.
Modern implant dentistry based on osseointegration: 50 years of progress, current trends and open questions
Authors: Buser Daniel , Sennerby Lars , De Bruyn Hugo
Published: December 2016

In the 1960s and 1970s, implant‐supported prostheses based on subperiosteal or blade implants had a poor reputation because of questionable clinical outcomes and lack of scientific documentation. The change to a scientifically sound discipline was initiated by the two scientific pioneers of modern implant dentistry, Professor P. I. Brånemark from the University of Gothenburg in Sweden and Professor André Schroeder from the University of Bern in Switzerland. Together with their teams, and independently of each other, they laid the foundation for the most significant development and paradigm shift in dental medicine. The present volume of Periodontology 2000 celebrates 50 years of osseointegration. It reviews the progress of implant therapy over the past 50 years, including the basics of implant surgery required to achieve osseointegration on a predictable basis and evolving innovations. The development of bone‐augmentation techniques, such as guided bone regeneration and sinus floor elevation, to correct local bone defects at potential implant sites has increased the indications for implant therapy. The paradigm shift to moderately rough implant surfaces resulted in faster and enhanced bone integration and led to improvements in various treatment protocols, such as immediate and early implant placement in postextraction sites, and made various loading protocols possible, including immediate and early implant loading. In the past 15 years, preoperative analysis and presurgical planning improved as a result of the introduction of three‐dimensional imaging techniques. Hereby, cone‐beam computed tomography offers better image quality with reduced radiation exposure, when compared with dental computed tomography. This opened the door for digital planning and surgical modifications. Over the last 50 years this evolution has facilitated tremendous progress in esthetic outcomes with implant‐supported prostheses and improved patient‐centered outcomes. This volume of Periodontology 2000 also discusses the current trends and open questions of implant dentistry, such as the potential of digital implant dentistry in the surgical and prosthetic field, the trend for an increasing average age of implant patients and the related adaptations of treatment protocols, and the second attempt to establish ceramic implants using, this time, zirconia as the implant material. Finally, some of the hottest controversies are discussed, such as recent suggestions on bone integration being a potential foreign‐body reaction and the evidence‐based appraisal of the peri‐implantitis debate.
High and dry? Comparing active dry EEG electrodes to active and passive wet electrodes
Authors: Mathewson Kyle E. , Harrison Tyler J. L. , Kizuk Sayeed A. D.
Published: December 2016

Dry electrodes are becoming popular for both lab‐based and consumer‐level electrophysiological‐recording technologies because they better afford the ability to move traditional lab‐based research into the real world. It is unclear, however, how dry electrodes compare in data quality to traditional electrodes. The current study compared three EEG electrode types: (a) passive‐wet electrodes with no onboard amplification, (b) actively amplified, wet electrodes with moderate impedance levels, and low impedance levels, and (c) active‐dry electrodes with very high impedance. Participants completed a classic P3 auditory oddball task to elicit characteristic EEG signatures and event‐related potentials (ERPs). Across the three electrode types, we compared single‐trial noise, average ERPs, scalp topographies, ERP noise, and ERP statistical power as a function of number of trials. We extended past work showing active electrodes’ insensitivity to moderate levels of interelectrode impedance when compared to passive electrodes in the same amplifier. Importantly, the new dry electrode system could reliably measure EEG spectra and ERP components comparable to traditional electrode types. As expected, however, dry active electrodes with very high interelectrode impedance exhibited marked increases in single‐trial and average noise levels, which decreased statistical power, requiring more trials to detect significant effects. This power decrease must be considered as a trade‐off with the ease of application and long‐term use. The current results help set constraints on experimental design with novel dry electrodes, and provide important evidence needed to measure brain activity in novel settings and situations.
Demonstrating test‐retest reliability of electrophysiological measures for healthy adults in a multisite study of biomarkers of antidepressant treatment response
Authors: Tenke Craig E. , Kayser Jürgen , Pechtel Pia , Webb Christian A. , Dillon Daniel G. , Goer Franziska , Murray Laura , Deldin Patricia , Kurian Benji T. , McGrath Patrick J. , Parsey Ramin , Trivedi Madhukar , Fava Maurizio , Weissman Myrna M. , McInnis Melvin , Abraham Karen , E. Alvarenga Jorge , Alschuler Daniel M. , Cooper Crystal , Pizzagalli Diego A. , Bruder Gerard E.
Published: December 2016

Growing evidence suggests that loudness dependency of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) and resting EEG alpha and theta may be biological markers for predicting response to antidepressants. In spite of this promise, little is known about the joint reliability of these markers, and thus their clinical applicability. New standardized procedures were developed to improve the compatibility of data acquired with different EEG platforms, and used to examine test‐retest reliability for the three electrophysiological measures selected for a multisite project—Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care (EMBARC). Thirty‐nine healthy controls across four clinical research sites were tested in two sessions separated by about 1 week. Resting EEG (eyes‐open and eyes‐closed conditions) was recorded and LDAEP measured using binaural tones (1000 Hz, 40 ms) at five intensities (60–100 dB SPL). Principal components analysis of current source density waveforms reduced volume conduction and provided reference‐free measures of resting EEG alpha and N1 dipole activity to tones from auditory cortex. Low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) extracted resting theta current density measures corresponding to rostral anterior cingulate (rACC), which has been implicated in treatment response. There were no significant differences in posterior alpha, N1 dipole, or rACC theta across sessions. Test‐retest reliability was .84 for alpha, .87 for N1 dipole, and .70 for theta rACC current density. The demonstration of good‐to‐excellent reliability for these measures provides a template for future EEG/ERP studies from multiple testing sites, and an important step for evaluating them as biomarkers for predicting treatment response.
Evacuation from Natural Disasters: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Thompson Rebecca R. , Garfin Dana Rose , Silver Roxane Cohen
Published: December 2016

Research on evacuation from natural disasters has been published across the peer‐reviewed literature among several disparate disciplinary outlets and has suggested a wide variety of predictors of evacuation behavior. We conducted a systematic review to summarize and evaluate the current literature on demographic, storm‐related, and psychosocial correlates of natural disaster evacuation behavior. Eighty‐three eligible papers utilizing 83 independent samples were identified. Risk perception was a consistent positive predictor of evacuation, as were several demographic indicators, prior evacuation behavior, and having an evacuation plan. The influence of prior experiences, self‐efficacy, personality, and links between expected and actual behavior were examined less frequently. Prospective, longitudinal designs are relatively uncommon. Although difficult to conduct in postdisaster settings, more prospective, methodologically rigorous studies would bolster inferences. Results synthesize the current body of literature on evacuation behavior and can help inform the design of more effective predisaster evacuation warnings and procedures.
Data Set Representativeness During Data Collection in Three UK Social Surveys: Generalizability and the Effects of Auxiliary Covariate Choice
Authors: Moore Jamie C. , Durrant Gabriele B. , Smith Peter W. F.
Published: December 2016

We consider the use of representativeness indicators to monitor risks of non-response bias during survey data collection. The analysis benefits from use of a unique data set linking call record paradata from three UK social surveys to census auxiliary attribute information on sample households. We investigate the utility of census information for this purpose and the performance of representativeness indicators (the R-indicator and the coefficient of variation of response propensities) in monitoring representativeness over call records. We also investigate the extent and effects of misspecification of auxiliary covariate sets used in indicator computation and design phase capacity points in call records beyond which survey data set improvements are minimal, and whether such points are generalizable across surveys. Given our findings, we then offer guidance to survey practitioners on the use of such methods and implications for optimizing data collection and efficiency savings.
Maturational and social factors contributing to relative age effects in school sports: Data from the London Youth Games
Authors: Reed K. E. , Parry D. A. , Sandercock G. R. H.
Published: December 2016

Few studies have investigated whether relative age effects (RAEs) exist in school sport. None have sought to test the competing maturational and social‐agent hypotheses proposed to explain the RAE. We aimed to determine the presence of RAEs in multiple school sports and examine the contribution of maturational and social factors in commonplace school sports. We analyzed birth dates of n=10645 competitors (11‐18 years) in the 2013 London Youth Games annual inter‐school multisport competition and calculated odds ratio (OR) for students competing based on their yearly birth quarter (Q1‐Q4). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the relative contribution of constituent year (Grade) and relative age in netball and football which used multiyear age groupings. In girls, RAEs were present in the team sports including hockey, netball, rugby union, cricket and volleyball but not football. In boys, RAEs were stronger in common team sports (football, basketball cricket) as well as athletics and rowing. In netball and football teams with players from two constituent years, birth quarter better‐predicted selection than did constituent year. Relatively older players (Q1) from lower constituent years were overrepresented compared with players from Q3 and Q4 of the upper constituent years. RAEs are present in the many sports commonplace in English schools. Selection of relatively older players ahead of chronologically older students born later in the selection year suggests social agents contribute to RAEs in school sports.
Phylogeny of pleasing lacewings (Neuroptera: Dilaridae) with a revised generic classification and description of a new subfamily
Authors: LIU XINGYUE , ASPÖCK HORST , WINTERTON SHAUN L. , ZHANG WEIWEI , ASPÖCK ULRIKE
Published: December 2016

The phylogeny of pleasing lacewings (Neuroptera: Dilaridae) is reconstructed for the first time based on morphological data using all fossil and extant genera. Accordingly, a revised generic classification of Dilaridae is proposed, with a new subfamily (i.e. Berothellinae subfam.n.) erected based on its remarkably different morphological features from the other dilarid subfamilies. A revision of all dilarid genera is presented, including descriptions of some little‐known species from Asia and Mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber. New genera and species herein described include Berothella holzschuhi U. Aspöck, Liu & H. Aspöck, sp.n., Cretodilar burmanus Liu & Zhang, gen. et sp.n., Dilar cretaceus Liu & Zhang, sp.n., Neonallachius orientalis Liu, U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, sp.n. and Neonallachius thailandicus Liu & Winterton, sp.n. Two new combinations, i.e. Neonallachius krooni (Minter, 1986), comb.n. and Neonallachius ponomarenkoi (Zakharenko, 1991), comb.n., are proposed. Evolutionary patterns of some important characters and the historical biogeography of Dilaridae are also discussed.

This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:68836312‐FBDC‐4F9F‐8516‐2365F44596BF.
Towards Modeling False Memory With Computational Knowledge Bases
Authors: Li Justin , Kohanyi Emma
Published: December 2016

One challenge to creating realistic cognitive models of memory is the inability to account for the vast common–sense knowledge of human participants. Large computational knowledge bases such as WordNet and DBpedia may offer a solution to this problem but may pose other challenges. This paper explores some of these difficulties through a semantic network spreading activation model of the Deese–Roediger–McDermott false memory task. In three experiments, we show that these knowledge bases only capture a subset of human associations, while irrelevant information introduces noise and makes efficient modeling difficult. We conclude that the contents of these knowledge bases must be augmented and, more important, that the algorithms must be refined and optimized, before large knowledge bases can be widely used for cognitive modeling.
Effective School Evaluation in Primary Schools from the dimension of Parents
Authors: Akan Durdağı
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the primary schools depending on “parents” dimension according to the perceptions of administrator and teacher in terms of different variables. It employed descriptive survey model. Data was collected through effective school questionnaire with the aim of determining the perceptions of school administrators and teachers working in primary schools in Erzurum. 155 school administrators and 616 teachers were selected through simple random sampling method and the obtained data was analyzed through arithmetic mean t-test, one -way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The data revealed that the school administrators and teachers expressed parents had a medium-level contribution to the effectiveness of primary schools. It is likely to state that school administrators and teachers in different duty stations and professional seniorities had different opinions about the attitudes of parents related to the effectiveness of schools while school administrators and teachers had similar opinions.
Insights on Inspirational Education for “High-Risk” Youth Informed by Participatory Action Research (PAR) on Youth Engagement: Short Communication
Authors: Iwasaki Yoshitaka , Hopper Tristan , Whelan Patricia
Published: December 2016

This short communication provides our insights into how or in what ways educators can more effectively support aspiration of at-risk/high-risk youth toward meaningful education. These are informed by the key learnings from our ongoing youth engagement research. Those insights emphasize the importance of meaningful engagement of youth through building a positive relationship with youth from a strengths-based perspective to mobilize youth’s talents into our collaborative engagement efforts in order to effectively support “high-risk” youth and aspire their educational pathways. Conceptually, our work aligns with the paradigms of positive youth development (PYD) and social justice youth development (SJYD). Practically, our research project represents an “anti-oppressive practice” in itself because the project engages youth as important contributors to a social/system change, especially, the role of our youth leaders in our team as a conduit for mobilizing youth views and actions on social justice issues (e.g., oppression, marginalization, social exclusion/inclusion, human rights, empowerment).
Brass Instruments Design Using Physics-Based Sound Simulation Models and Surrogate-Assisted Derivative-Free Optimization
Authors: Tournemenne Robin , Petiot Jean-François , Talgorn Bastien , Kokkolaras Michael , Gilbert Joël
Published: December 2016

This paper presents a method for design optimization of brass wind instruments. The shape of a trumpet's bore is optimized to improve intonation using a physics-based sound simulation model. This physics-based model consists of an acoustic model of the resonator, a mechanical model of the excitator, and a model of the coupling between the excitator and the resonator. The harmonic balance technique allows the computation of sounds in a permanent regime, representative of the shape of the resonator according to control parameters of the virtual musician. An optimization problem is formulated in which the objective function to be minimized is the overall quality of the intonation of the different notes played by the instrument. The design variables are the physical dimensions of the resonator. Given the computationally expensive function evaluation and the unavailability of gradients, a surrogate-assisted optimization framework is implemented using the mesh adaptive direct search algorithm (MADS). Surrogate models are used both to obtain promising candidates in the search step of MADS and to rank-order additional candidates generated by the poll step of MADS. The physics-based model is then used to determine the next design iterate. Two examples (with two and five design optimization variables) demonstrate the approach. Results show that significant improvement of intonation can be achieved at reasonable computational cost. Finally, the perspectives of this approach for computer-aided instrument design are evoked, considering optimization algorithm improvements and problem formulation modifications using for instance different design variables, multiple objectives and constraints or objective functions based on the instrument's timbre.
Localized Heating Near a Rigid Spherical Inclusion in a Viscoelastic Binder Material Under Compressional Plane Wave Excitation
Authors: Mares Jesus O. , Woods Daniel C. , Baker Caroline E. , Son Steven F. , Rhoads Jeffrey F. , Stuart Bolton J. , Gonzalez Marcial
Published: December 2016

High-frequency mechanical excitation has been shown to generate heat within composite energetic materials and even induce reactions in single energetic crystals embedded within an elastic binder. To further the understanding of how wave scattering effects attributable to the presence of an energetic crystal can result in concentrated heating near the inclusion, an analytical model is developed. The stress and displacement solutions associated with the scattering of compressional plane waves by a spherical obstacle (Pao and Mow, 1963, “Scattering of Plane Compressional Waves by a Spherical Obstacle,” J. Appl. Phys., 34(3), pp. 493–499) are modified to account for the viscoelastic effects of the lossy media surrounding the inclusion (Gaunaurd and Uberall, 1978, “Theory of Resonant Scattering From Spherical Cavities in Elastic and Viscoelastic Media,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 63(6), pp. 1699–1712). The results from this solution are then utilized to estimate the spatial heat generation due to the harmonic straining of the material, and the temperature field of the system is predicted for a given duration of time. It is shown that for certain excitation and sample configurations, the elicited thermal response near the inclusion may approach, or even exceed, the decomposition temperatures of various energetic materials. Although this prediction indicates that viscoelastic heating of the binder may initiate decomposition of the crystal even in the absence of defects such as initial voids or debonding between the crystal and binder, the thermal response resulting from this bulk heating phenomenon may be a precursor to dynamic events associated with such crystal-scale effects.
Rough Surface Normal Nanocontact Stiffness: Experimental Measurements and Rough Surface Contact Model Predictions
Authors: Lee Jungkyu , Beheshti Ali , Polycarpou Andreas A.
Published: December 2016

This work presents experimental contact stiffness measurements for various thin films as well as homogenous materials through pressing a flat punch onto a nominally flat rough surface. These materials are typically used in micro/nano technological applications with thickness of the order of few nanometers. The experimental contact stiffness results are compared with predictions by different statistical rough surface contact models to assess their predictive accuracy for thin-film applications and, in addition, to get better insight to the physics of the contact. It is observed that rough surface contact models that account for asperity interaction show good agreement with the experimental results of the thin-layered specimens contact response. This indicates the importance of accounting for asperity interaction in surface roughness contact modeling of relatively smooth thin-film materials. It is verified that interfaces with compliant films on stiff substrates as well as homogeneous materials compare relatively well with statistical models accounting for asperity interactions.
Laboratory cage studies on the efficacy of some medicinal plant essential oils for controlling varroosis in Apis mellifera (Hym.: Apidae)
Authors: Ghasemi Vahid , Moharramipour Saeid , Tahmasbi Gholam Hossein
Published: December 2016

Varroosis is a disease of Apis mellifera L. caused by the mite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman. Essential oils and their chemical constituents offer a safe alternative to synthetic acaricides for the control of this mite in bee hives. The present study was conducted to evaluate anti-parasitic activity of essential oils from Thymus kotschyanus Bioss & Hohen., Mentha longifolia L., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., and Ferula gummosa L. at concentrations of 1, 2.5, 4, and 5.5 µl/l air for 5 and 10 h. Findings indicated that mite mortality increased as oils concentration and exposure time increased. T. kotschyanus oil at 5.5 µl/l air caused a mite mortality rate of 54.4% and 84.43% after 5 and 10 h fumigation, respectively. At the same concentration and exposure time, the honey bee mortality was 0% and 7.2%, respectively. Application of M. longifolia and E. camaldulensis oils at 5.5 µl/l air resulted in 65.53% and 71.06% mortality in Varroa mites and 10.13% and 12% mortality in honey bees after 10 h exposure. Despite moderate acaricidal activity of F. gummosa oil against Varroa mite (49.69%), it was highly toxic to honey bee (30%). Also, GC/MS analysis of the oils showed that carvacrol (47.99%) and thymol (30.61%) in T. kotschyanus oil, piperitenone (36.86%), piperitenone oxide (27.53%),Cispiperitone epoxide (22.21%), and pulegone (8.38%) in M. longifoliaoil, 1,8-cineol (74.7%) and α-pinene (8.35%) in E. camaldulensis oil, and β-pinene (87.29%) in F. gummosa oil were the main chemical constituents. Collectively, our results led to a conclusion that T. kotschyanus, M. longifolia, and E. camaldulensis oils have enough potential to play an important role in integrated control programs of varroosis in apiaries.
Gate patterning strategies to reduce the gate shifting phenomenon for 14 nm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator technology
Authors: Ros Onintza , Pargon Erwine , Fouchier Marc , Gouraud Pascal , Barnola Sebastien
Published: December 2016

The complexification of integrated circuit designs along with downscaling introduces new patterning challenges. In logic process integration, it is found that the gate etch process flow introduces a few nanometer displacement of the gate patterns from their original position fixed by the lithography layout. This phenomenon referred to gate shifting (GS) generates a contact to gate overlay misplacement that compromises the transistor electrical performance. HBr cure plasma, which is a well-established postlithography treatment to increase photoresist stability and improves both line edge roughness (LER) and critical dimension uniformity during pattern transfer, has been identified as the root cause of the gate shifting phenomenon. The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation emitted by HBr plasma leads to an asymmetric flowing of the two-dimensional resist patterns, and thus to a displacement of the gate patterns. Based on plasma optical emission measurements, the HBr plasma conditions are optimized to limit the VUV irradiation. If the GS phenomenon can indeed be eliminated using low VUV dose HBr plasma conditions, it introduces some strong LER issue during the subsequent Si antireflective coating (Si ARC) fluorocarboned plasma process. Indeed, low VUV dose HBr cure plasma does not play anymore its hardening role. The elimination of the GS issue is a priority for the transistor electrical performance. The strategy adopted in this study is to remove the HBr cure treatment and to optimize the subsequent Si ARC etch plasma process to minimize LER degradation during this step. The developed SF6/CH2F2 Si ARC plasma etching process uses low energy ion bombardment combined with a fluorine rich chemistry to avoid the formation of a fluorocarbon polymer on the resist pattern, which is the main contributor for resist surface and sidewalls roughening. The new gate patterning process flow that is proposed in this article allows to eliminate the GS phenomenon but also to improve the final gate LER from 3.5 to 2.8 nm. Moreover, the study highlights the capability of the developed SF6/CH2F2 Si ARC plasma chemistry to address the most advanced nodes with even more aggressive gate dimensions by eliminating the wiggling phenomenon occurring with previous Si ARC plasma chemistries for gate dimension inferior to 25 nm.
Assessment via the Oculus of Visual “Weighting” and “Reweighting” in Young Adults
Authors: Lubetzky Anat V. , Harel Daphna , Darmanin Helene , Perlin Ken
Published: December 2016

Substantial advances in virtual reality technology open an exciting window toward better understanding of subdomains of balance control. Here, we studied whether a portable virtual reality headset can be used to test sensory integration for balance. Twenty young adults stood on a both-sides-up ball or floor. Moving spheres were projected from an Oculus Development Kit 2 at various amplitudes and frequencies. Participants’ gains indicated visual “weighting” when standing on both-sides-up but not on the floor and “reweighting” with increased visual amplitude. Intraclass correlations showed acceptable to good reliability for all floor conditions and for some of the both-sides-up conditions when we repeated the protocol a week later. Future steps to further develop our paradigm into a clinical assessment of sensory integration for postural control are discussed.
Concerns for Personal Safety Among Female Recreational Runners
Authors: Roper Emily A.
Published: December 2016

Fear of violent crime and concern for personal safety are well documented fears among women (Bialeschki & Hicks, 1998; Wesley & Gaarder, 2004). Feminist theorists argue that concern for personal safety among women is one of the most significant ways in which women’s lives and their use of space is controlled and restricted (Bialeschki, 1999; Cops & Pleysier, 2011). Employing a feminist standpoint framework (Hill Collins, 2000), the purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine recreational female runners’ concerns for safety while running outdoors in an urban park setting and the strategies employed to negotiate or manage their concerns. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 female recreational runners. Interview data were analyzed following the procedures outlined by Corbin and Strauss (2007) for open and axial coding. The following themes emerged from the interview data: (a) fear of being attacked, (b) environmental and social cues, (c) normalization of street harassment, (d) negotiation strategies, and (e) recommendations for enhancing safety. The findings provide important information pertaining to women’s access to safe outdoor space in which to exercise. Perceptions of safety, fear of being attacked and experiences of harassment have the power to negatively influence women’s engagement and enjoyment in outdoor PA/exercise.