bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Factors of Tolerance in Office Hysteroscopy – a 3-Year Analysis from a Tertiary Center
Authors: Coimbra Ana Carolina , Falcão Vera , Pinto Pedro , Cavaco-Gomes João , Fernandes Ana Sofia , Martinho Margarida
Published: March 2023

Objective Pain is the primary limitation to performing hysteroscopy. We aimed to evaluate the predictive factors of low tolerance to office hysteroscopic procedures.

Methods Retrospective cohort study of the patients who underwent office hysteroscopy from January 2018 to December 2020 at a tertiary care center. Pain tolerance to office-based hysteroscopy was subjectively assessed by the operator as terrible, poor, moderate, good, or excellent. Categorical variables were compared with the use of the Chi-squared test; an independent-samples t-test was conducted to compare continuous variables. Logistic regression was performed to determine the main factors associated with low procedure tolerance.

Results A total of 1,418 office hysteroscopies were performed. The mean age of the patients was 53 ± 13.8 years; 50.8% of women were menopausal, 17.8% were nulliparous, and 68.7% had a previous vaginal delivery. A total of 42.6% of women were submitted to an operative hysteroscopy. Tolerance was categorized as terrible or poor in 14.9% of hysteroscopies and moderate, good, or excellent in 85.1%. A terrible or poor tolerance was more frequently reported in menopausal women (18.1% vs. 11.7% in premenopausal women, p = 0.001) and women with no previous vaginal delivery (18.8% vs. 12.9% in women with at least one vaginal birth, p = 0.007). Low tolerance led more often to scheduling a second hysteroscopic procedure under anesthesia (56.4% vs. 17.5% in reasonable-to-excellent tolerance, p < 0.0005).

Conclusion Office hysteroscopy was a well-tolerated procedure in our experience, but menopause and lack of previous vaginal delivery were associated with low tolerance. These patients are more likely to benefit from pain relief measures during office hysteroscopy.
Development of low-temperature and ultrahigh-vacuum photoinduced force microscopy
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuya , Sugawara Yasuhiro
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we develop optical and electronic systems for photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) that can measure photoinduced forces under low temperature and ultrahigh vacuum (LT-UHV) without artifacts. For our LT-UHV PiFM, light is irradiated from the side on the tip–sample junction, which can be adjusted through the combination of an objective lens inside the vacuum chamber and a 90° mirror outside the vacuum chamber. We measured photoinduced forces due to the electric field enhancement between the tip and the Ag surface, and confirmed that photoinduced force mapping and measurement of photoinduced force curves were possible using the PiFM that we developed. The Ag surface was used to measure the photoinduced force with high sensitivity, and it is effective in enhancing the electric field using the plasmon gap mode between the metal tip and the metal surface. Additionally, we confirmed the necessity of Kelvin feedback during the measurement of photoinduced forces, to avoid artifacts due to electrostatic forces, by measuring photoinduced forces on organic thin films. The PiFM, operating under low temperature and ultrahigh vacuum developed here, is a promising tool to investigate the optical properties of various materials with very high spatial resolution.
High-resolution magnetic imaging by mapping the locally induced anomalous Nernst effect using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Budai Nico , Isshiki Hironari , Uesugi Ryota , Zhu Zheng , Higo Tomoya , Nakatsuji Satoru , Otani YoshiChika
Published: March 2023

We report a magnetic imaging method using atomic force microscopy to measure a locally induced anomalous Nernst effect. A tip contact creates a local temperature gradient on a sample surface controlled by a neighboring Joule heating wire. We demonstrate imaging of magnetic domains in a nanowire of the ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Co2MnGa with a spatial resolution of a sub-hundred nanometer at room temperature.
Toward a multi-core ultra-fast optical quantum processor: 43-GHz bandwidth real-time amplitude measurement of 5-dB squeezed light using modularized optical parametric amplifier with 5G technology
Authors: Inoue A. , Kashiwazaki T. , Yamashima T. , Takanashi N. , Kazama T. , Enbutsu K. , Watanabe K. , Umeki T. , Endo M. , Furusawa A.
Published: March 2023

Continuous-variable optical quantum information processing, where quantum information is encoded in a traveling wave of light called a flying qubit, is a candidate for a practical quantum computer with high clock frequencies. Homodyne detectors for quadrature-phase amplitude measurements have been the major factor limiting the clock frequency. Here, we developed a real-time amplitude measurement method using a modular optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and a broadband balanced photodiode that is commercially used for coherent wavelength-division multiplexing telecommunication of the fifth-generation mobile communication systems (5G). The OPA amplifies one quadrature-phase component of the quantum-level signal to a loss-tolerant macroscopic level and suppresses the loss after the OPA from 92.4% to only 0.4%. This method was applied to a broadband squeezed vacuum measurement with a center wavelength of 1545.32 nm. In the time-domain measurement, the squeezing level of 5.1 ± 0.1 dB without loss correction was obtained by a real-time oscilloscope with a sampling rate of 160 GHz and an analog bandwidth of 63 GHz. The frequency-domain analysis also shows that a squeezing level of 5.2 ± 0.5 dB is obtained from DC to 43 GHz, which is limited by the balanced detector. This indicates that the proposed method can be easily broadened by using a broader bandwidth measurement instrument. By applying this method, not only can optical quantum computers with high clock frequencies be realized but also multi-core systems can be realized.
Dual pulsed laser deposition system for the growth of complex materials and heterostructures
Authors: Orgiani P. , Chaluvadi S. K. , Chalil S. Punathum , Mazzola F. , Jana A. , Dolabella S. , Rajak P. , Ferrara M. , Benedetti D. , Fondacaro A. , Salvador F. , Ciancio R. , Fujii J. , Panaccione G. , Vobornik I. , Rossi G.
Published: March 2023

Here, we present an integrated ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) apparatus for the growth of complex materials and heterostructures. The specific growth technique is the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) by means of a dual-laser source based on an excimer KrF ultraviolet and solid-state Nd:YAG infra-red lasers. By taking advantage of the two laser sources—both lasers can be independently used within the deposition chambers—a large number of different materials—ranging from oxides to metals, to selenides, and others—can be successfully grown in the form of thin films and heterostructures. All of the samples can be in situ transferred between the deposition chambers and the analysis chambers by using vessels and holders’ manipulators. The apparatus also offers the possibility to transfer samples to remote instrumentation under UHV conditions by means of commercially available UHV-suitcases. The dual-PLD operates for in-house research as well as user facility in combination with the Advanced Photo-electric Effect beamline at the Elettra synchrotron radiation facility in Trieste and allows synchrotron-based photo-emission as well as x-ray absorption experiments on pristine films and heterostructures.
Modern semiempirical electronic structure methods and machine learning potentials for drug discovery: Conformers, tautomers, and protonation states
Authors: Zeng Jinzhe , Tao Yujun , Giese Timothy J. , York Darrin M.
Published: March 2023

Modern semiempirical electronic structure methods have considerable promise in drug discovery as universal “force fields” that can reliably model biological and drug-like molecules, including alternative tautomers and protonation states. Herein, we compare the performance of several neglect of diatomic differential overlap-based semiempirical (MNDO/d, AM1, PM6, PM6-D3H4X, PM7, and ODM2), density-functional tight-binding based (DFTB3, DFTB/ChIMES, GFN1-xTB, and GFN2-xTB) models with pure machine learning potentials (ANI-1x and ANI-2x) and hybrid quantum mechanical/machine learning potentials (AIQM1 and QDπ) for a wide range of data computed at a consistent ωB97X/6-31G* level of theory (as in the ANI-1x database). This data includes conformational energies, intermolecular interactions, tautomers, and protonation states. Additional comparisons are made to a set of natural and synthetic nucleic acids from the artificially expanded genetic information system that has important implications for the design of new biotechnology and therapeutics. Finally, we examine the acid/base chemistry relevant for RNA cleavage reactions catalyzed by small nucleolytic ribozymes, DNAzymes, and ribonucleases. Overall, the hybrid quantum mechanical/machine learning potentials appear to be the most robust for these datasets, and the recently developed QDπ model performs exceptionally well, having especially high accuracy for tautomers and protonation states relevant to drug discovery.
Fluid-like elastic metasurface
Authors: Shin Ye Jeong , Seung Hong Min , Oh Joo Hwan
Published: March 2023

What makes elastic waves different from other waves is the existence of various wave modes and coupling between these modes. Accordingly, the manipulation of elastic waves suffers from many limitations due to mode coupling, which is an inherent complex physical property of elastic waves. In this study, we propose fluid-like elastic metasurfaces that act as an acoustic (fluid) surface to perfectly eliminate mode coupling. Because longitudinal and shear waves are decoupled, only reflected longitudinal (or shear) waves exist when longitudinal (or shear) waves are incident. Using a strip-type unit cell, elastic metasurfaces mimicking acoustic hard-wall and soft-wall were designed and realized. In addition, numerical analysis and experiments were conducted to prove the validity of the designed unit cells. This study presents a more versatile metasurface by solving the mode coupling of solid elastic waves. In addition, two types of designed fluid-like metasurfaces are expected to be utilized in further studies considering the opposite phase shift characteristic.
Suppression of crystallization in saline drop evaporation on pinning-free surfaces
Authors: Jenkins Alex , Wells Gary G. , Ledesma-Aguilar Rodrigo , Orejon Daniel , Armstrong Steven , McHale Glen
Published: March 2023

For sessile droplets of pure liquid on a surface, evaporation depends on surface wettability, the surrounding environment, contact angle hysteresis, and surface roughness. For non-pure liquids, the evaporation characteristics are further complicated by the constituents and impurities within the droplet. For saline solutions, this complication takes the form of a modified partial vapor pressure/water activity caused by the increasing salt concentration as the aqueous solvent evaporates. It is generally thought that droplets on surfaces will crystallize when the saturation concentration is reached, i.e., 26.3% for NaCl in water. This crystallization is initiated by contact with the surface and is thus due to surface roughness and heterogeneities. Recently, smooth, low contact angle hysteresis surfaces have been created by molecular grafting of polymer chains. In this work, we hypothesize that by using these very smooth surfaces to evaporate saline droplets, we can suppress the crystallization caused by the surface interactions and thus achieve constant volume droplets above the saturation concentration. In our experiments, we used several different surfaces to examine the possibility of crystallization suppression. We show that on polymer grafted surfaces, i.e., Slippery Omniphobic Covalently Attached Liquid-like (SOCAL) and polyethyleneglycol(PEGylated) surfaces, we can achieve stable droplets as low as 55% relative humidity at 25 °C with high reproducibility using NaCl in water solutions. We also show that it is possible to achieve stable droplets above the saturation concentration on other surfaces, including superhydrophobic surfaces. We present an analytical model, based on water activity, which accurately describes the final stable volume as a function of the initial salt concentration. These findings are important for heat and mass transfer in relatively low humidity environments.
Scaling of the non-phononic spectrum of two-dimensional glasses
Authors: Wang Lijin , Szamel Grzegorz , Flenner Elijah
Published: March 2023

Low-frequency vibrational harmonic modes of glasses are frequently used to rationalize their universal low-temperature properties. One well studied feature is the excess low-frequency density of states over the Debye model prediction. Here, we examine the system size dependence of the density of states for two-dimensional glasses. For systems of fewer than 100 particles, the density of states scales with the system size as if all the modes were plane-wave-like. However, for systems greater than 100 particles, we find a different system-size scaling of the cumulative density of states below the first transverse sound mode frequency, which can be derived from the assumption that these modes are quasi-localized. Moreover, for systems greater than 100 particles, we find that the cumulative density of states scales with the frequency as a power law with the exponent that leads to the exponent β = 3.5 for the density of states. For systems whose sizes were investigated, we do not see a size-dependence of exponent β.
Tagasaste silvopastures in steep-hill country. 1. Tagasaste edible dry-matter production and nutritive value
Authors: Tozer Katherine , Douglas Grant , Noakes Emma , Greenfield Rose , Cameron Catherine
Published: March 2023

Context Tagasaste (Cytisus proliferus) has potential to supplement pasture production in steep-hill country and increase pasture resilience. Aims To (1) quantify production of edible dry matter (EDM) of pruned 2-year-old tagasaste shrubs and branches from unpruned 10-year-old tagasaste trees, and (2) determine the effect of proximity of the 10-year-old tagasaste trees on selected pasture species established as spaced transplants. Methods A site was established on the eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand on steep-hill country (>20° slope). Tagasaste and pasture species production was measured over 3 years. Results Tagasaste shrubs produced an average of 2.7 kg EDM shrub−1 year−1 and a tree branch produced 129 g EDM year−1. The metabolisable energy content of tagasaste branches averaged 10.0 MJ kg EDM−1, the crude protein content ranged from 18% to 27% and neutral detergent fibre content averaged 39%. Branch diameter and length were poor predictors of EDM branch−1. There was no effect of increasing proximity to tagasaste on DM production of the resident pasture. Effects of increasing proximity to tagasaste on the growth and survival of selected pasture species are reported in a companion paper. Conclusions Edible-DM production was much greater from shrubs than tree branches and it was not possible to predict branch EDM from branch diameter or length. Implications A tagasaste silvopasture is likely to be more productive if tagasaste is managed for grazing in situ than if using mature trees for harvesting of branches for browse.
Experiences of colorectal cancer survivors in returning to primary coordinated healthcare following treatment
Authors: Rutherford Claudia , Kim Bora , White Kate , Ostroff Cheri , Acret Louise , Tracy Marguerite , Mahadeva Janani , Willcock Simon M.
Published: March 2023

Background Advances in screening and treatments for colorectal cancer (CRC) have improved survival rates, leading to a large population of CRC survivors. Treatment for CRC can cause long-term side-effects and functioning impairments. General practitioners (GPs) have a role in meeting survivorship care needs of this group of survivors. We explored CRC survivors’ experiences of managing the consequences of treatment in the community and their perspective on the GP’s role in post-treatment care. Methods This was a qualitative study using an interpretive descriptive approach. Adult participants no longer actively receiving treatment for CRC were asked about: side-effects post-treatment; experiences of GP-coordinated care; perceived care gaps; and perceived GP role in post-treatment care. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results A total of 19 interviews were conducted. Participants experienced side-effects that significantly impacted their lives; many they felt ill-prepared for. Disappointment and frustration was expressed with the healthcare system when expectations about preparation for post-treatment effects were not met. The GP was considered vital in survivorship care. Participants’ unmet needs led to self-management, self-directed information seeking and sourcing referral options, leaving them feeling like their own care coordinator. Disparities in post-treatment care between metropolitan and rural participants were observed. Conclusion There is a need for improved discharge preparation and information for GPs, and earlier recognition of concerns following CRC treatment to ensure timely management and access to services in the community, supported by system-level initiatives and appropriate interventions.
Methodological reflections on the recruitment and engagement of people for cancer screening research in Wales
Authors: Yu Juping , Kenkre Joyce , Wallace Sarah , Thomas Susan , Jessop Helen
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a major threat to public health and the second leading cause of death globally. Population-based cancer screening is an effective way to improve the early detection of a cancer and reduce mortality. Factors associated with participation in cancer screening have been increasingly explored in research. The challenges to undertaking such research are evident, but there is little discussion about how to address such challenges. This article discusses methodological issues associated with the recruitment and engagement of participants in research, drawing upon our experience of undertaking research exploring the support needs of people residing in Newport West, Wales, to participate in breast, bowel, and cervical screening programs. Four key areas were addressed: sampling issues, language barriers, IT issues, and time demand for participation. The paper highlights the importance of ongoing community engagement, the provision of appropriate study materials, and the adaption to different data collection modes to meet participants’ needs to participate in research, thus enabling people who are usually excluded from research to have a voice and make a significant contribution to research.
Nonlinear optical response and characteristic Raman spectra of phagraphene quantum dots
Authors: Ghosh Mainak , Nath Subhadip , Sen Sabyasachi , Jana Debnarayan
Published: March 2023

In the field of optoelectronics, quantum dots (QDs) have gained interest due to the easy modification of electronic properties. Subsequently, the importance of nonlinear optical (NLO) properties is increasing day by day. In this work, we have systematically analyzed the NLO properties of phagraphene QDs with different shapes and sizes, employing density functional theory (DFT). A negative value of cohesive energy and the absence of imaginary modes in the Raman spectra confirm the energetical stability of the QDs. Successful experimental realization of phagraphene nanoribbon has triggered the possibility of experimental feasibility of the QDs. Additionally, most of the QDs showcase high absorption in the UV region. Particularly, the variation of electronic bandgap and the number of delocalized π electrons in the structure control the NLO responses of materials. Both the electronic bandgap and the number of π electrons in the system can be tuned easily by varying the shapes and sizes of the phagraphene QDs. Both static and dynamical variations of polarizability 〈α〉, first-order 〈β〉, and second-order hyperpolarizability 〈γ〉 are calculated here. Maximum value of 〈α〉, 〈β〉 and 〈γ〉 are observed for different QDs. The variation of NLO responses with perturbing electric fields leads to the feasibility of applications in optoelectronics.
Aerodynamic optimization analysis of the front bumper side of the vehicle
Authors: Wu Bingheng , Chen Lin , Guan Qingyun , Xiao Ling , Yuan Xiayi
Published: March 2023

The front bumper is the earliest part of the vehicle that is exposed to the head-on airflow, and the optimization of the front bumper side plays an extremely important role in the development of the air drag of the vehicle. In this paper, the front bumper side of a model is optimized by numerical simulation method, which greatly improves the air drag of the vehicle.
Study on the influence of aerodynamic configuration on vortex vibration of steel pipe
Authors: Huang Guo , Li Xiaojun , Xia Xiang
Published: March 2023

In this paper, for steel pipe members with a slenderness ratio of 120, spoilers with different numbers and spacings are arranged to test the vibration reduction effect. Wind tunnel test results show that 7 sets of spoilers with a size of 1D×0.5D can basically suppress the vibration of the steel pipe member. When the spoiler spacing is 1D~4D, the reduction of the maximum amplitude is more than 90%.
Investigation of neutral hydrogen distribution and neutral hydrogen halo mass relation based on IllustrisTNG50
Authors: Wu Yanlin
Published: March 2023

For the sake of investigating the observational data of the universe mass distribution using neutral hydrogen as a mass tracer, it is necessary to investigate the simulation prediction of the distribution of the neutral hydrogen. In this paper, the TNG50 is selected, which is the latest released part of IllustrisTNG project, as simulation data to study the distribution of gas and neutral hydrogen as well as the relation between the halo mass and the corresponding neutral hydrogen mass contained in each halo. The results show a tendency that most of neutral hydrogen are distributed within the halo and sub-halo structures. The neutral hydrogen halo mass relation is clearly shown and the function can be will produced by the conventional HI halo mass parameterization function. Based on the analysis, this paper fills the blank of other related works with most recent TNG50 data. These results offer a guideline for the following study about the halo model and pave a path to deeper understanding and investigating the hydrogen distribution in the cosmos.
Morphology of Broad Emission Lines from Binary Supermassive Blackholes
Authors: Xiong Hongyi , Jiang Peng
Published: March 2023

Accretion onto a blackhole can indue extreme radiation stimulating emission lines in nearby gases. In the deep gravitational well, these clouds move at speeds up to 10,000 km/s, and so broadens the emission lines via the relativistic Doppler Effect. These broad emission lines on spectra are the most prominent feature of AGNs. The region around central black hole, where such broad emission lines are produced, is known as the broad-line region (BLR). We developed a self-consistent model to describe both the geometry of the BLR and the dynamics of the gas clouds in the BLR. The motion of clouds is described by a series of Keplerian orbits. The spectral shift of emission line can be derived by the radial velocity at each point in Keplerian orbits. Assuming that the BLR is stable, that is, the structure and distribution of gas in BLR doesn’t change over a considerable period of time, the accumulated emission line profile can be constructed by simple addition of all Keplerian orbits in the BLR. By comparing the calculated profiles to spectra observed in SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey), we found that our model can satisfactorily match most observed profiles. We attempted to review and summarize potential binary AGNs. We applied the model to the study of binary AGNs and their profiles of emission lines. We considered the velocity offset due to mutual Keplerian motion of black holes in binary and added their respective profiles to produce the final, resulting emission line profile from binary AGNs. Three kinds of emission line profiles are featured in our simulations: twin-peak structures where two strong broad-lines are present; sub-peak structures where a smaller but still visible emission line accompanies the dominant line; single broad emission peak but with significant velocity offset from the systematic redshift that is derived from the narrow emission-lines on the same spectrum. We then analyzed 1,348 AGN spectra with high S/N ratio in SDSS database, and selected 26 as candidate binary supermassive blackhole systems. These candidates are valuable for following-up observation, their binary nature could be confirmed by detecting the profile variation due to orbital motions.
The wave-particle interactions between chorus waves and electrons in the Earth radiation belts
Authors: Wang Yijia
Published: March 2023

There exists a large number of high-energy electrons and various plasma waves in the Earth’s radiation belts. The chorus waves, as a kind of whistler-mode waves can cause electrons acceleration and loss by wave-particle interactions, thus playing a vital role in the dynamic evolution of the radiation belts. To improve our understandings of such mechanisms and facilitate people to anticipate the dramatic variation of space environment, we utilized the wave and field data from Van Allen Probes to statistically study the acceleration and loss timescale of electrons by chorus waves. The first part in this paper presents the temporal-spatial distribution of the chorus characteristics and background field parameters. The second part exhibits the loss and acceleration timescales of electrons caused by chorus waves. The main results in this paper includes: As geomagnetic activity and L shells increase, the pitch angle and momentum diffusion of electrons driven by chorus waves strengthens. The dramatic acceleration of electrons by chorus waves exists in the region with lower fpe
/fce
. Compared with keV electrons, MeV electrons are hard to be scattered by chorus waves, and electrons be precipitated into the atmosphere within several hours during highly disturbed times.
An investigation of flow characteristics between different mediums
Authors: Wang Zihan , Yi Yulong , Yin Siyuan
Published: March 2023

In this research topic, two-dimensional tunnels made of different mediums (including the contrast of gas-solid condition and solid-solid condition and the contrast of solid-solid condition with or without a bump) are designed to compare how they influence the velocity and the pressure of the fluid when the fluid is flowing through them. The Navier-Stokes momentum equation is used to guide the project and set up the equations of motion for these models. At the same time, Newton’s law of viscosity is applied to set the boundary conditions. Numerical methods involving finite differences are used to help discretize those equations and simulate the models in computers. The result shows that the velocity and the pressure of the fluid are influenced significantly by different tunnels settings. A nozzle with or without a bump can also significantly affect the velocity and pressure of the fluid. As the materials of tunnels change, the dependence of these flow characteristics in terms of x and y-direction will change, and the shape of the tunnel will also influence these traits.
Research on wind direction measurement of wind turbine based on fluid simulation
Authors: Ren Na , Zhu Guangwei , Fu Shaonan , He Xiaocong , Hu Jianbin , Zhu Yangguang
Published: March 2023

For horizontal-axis wind turbines, wind turbines typically alignment nacelle to the wind using yaw system, realizing max energy capture. If the wind turbine’s nacelle has a large error to the wind, the captured wind energy loss will be large, and it will also cause an increase in the load of the unit, which will pose a major risk to the safety of the wind turbine. Affecting the wind measurement error in addition to the performance of the sensor itself, the installation position of the wind measurement equipment also accounts for an important factor, this paper on the basis of the calculation of fluid dynamics simulation results, through the lateral and longitudinal comparison of the simulation results, pointed out the best installation location of the wind direction sensor, optimize the loss caused by wind measurement error of wind turbine in design, and provide guidance for the installation of the wind direction sensor on site.
Analysis of fluid excited noise characteristics of bulkhead opening of an Underwater Unmanned Vehicle
Authors: Wu Zhengjiang , Xiang Chao , Hu Junhua , Zeng Baoping
Published: March 2023

Acoustic stealth performance is an important performance index of Underwater Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Due to equipment installation and other reasons, there will be a sea port on the bulkhead of the aircraft. Because the sea port destroys the flow field on the surface of the aircraft and produces noise, which affects the underwater communication of the aircraft. In this paper, the numerical simulation method is used to analyze the flow induced noise characteristics of the bulkhead of an underwater unmanned vehicle, and the main noise frequency characteristics at the bulkhead of the estuary are obtained, which provides data reference for the structural design of the estuary and the layout of the underwater communication system.
Simulation of the dynamic behavior of droplet impact on the microstructure surface
Authors: Yang Jianhua , Gao Ming , Sun Hailin , Liu Zhennan , Zhang Kaiyuan
Published: March 2023

The problem of droplets impacting rough wall has always been a hot spot in the engineering field. In this paper, the single-component multiphase lattice Boltzmann method is used to construct the wall microstructure, and the dynamic behavior characteristics of droplets impacting rough walls are simulated. The results show that the final state of a droplet impacting rectangular microstructure shows that the hydrophilic surface is more hydrophilic and the hydrophobic surface is more hydrophobic, and compared with the smooth surface, the microstructure surface hinders the rebound of the droplet, and the application of microstructure on the wall can promote the spreading of a droplet on the wall.
Substantial carbon sequestration by peatlands in temperate areas revealed by InSAR
Authors: Khodaei Behshid , Hashemi Hossein , Salimi Shokoufeh , Berndtsson Ronny
Published: March 2023

Peatlands are unique ecosystems that contain massive amounts of carbon. These ecosystems are incredibly vulnerable to human disturbance and climate change. This may cause the peatland carbon sink to shift to a carbon source. A change in the carbon storage of peatlands may result in surface deformation. This research uses the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique to measure the deformation of the peatland’s surface in south Sweden in response to the seasonal and extreme weather conditions in recent years, including the unprecedented severe drought in the summer of 2018. The deformation map of the study area is generated through a time-series analysis of InSAR from June 2017 to November 2020. Monitoring the peatland areas in this region is very important as agricultural and human activities have already caused many peatlands to disappear. This further emphasizes the importance of preserving the remaining peat sites in this region. Based on the InSAR results, a method for calculating the carbon flux of the peat areas is proposed, which can be utilized as a regular monitoring approach for other remote areas. Despite the severe drought in the summer of 2018, our findings reveal a significant uplift in most of the investigated peat areas during the study period. Based on our estimations, 86% of the peatlands in the study area experienced an uplift corresponding to about 47 000 tons of carbon uptake per year. In comparison, the remaining 14% showed either subsidence or stable conditions corresponding to about 2300 tons of carbon emission per year during the study period. This emphasizes the importance of InSAR as an efficient and accurate technique to monitor the deformation rate of peatlands, which have a vital role in the global carbon cycle.
Modern air-sea flux distributions reduce uncertainty in the future ocean carbon sink
Authors: McKinley Galen A , Bennington Val , Meinshausen Malte , Nicholls Zebedee
Published: March 2023

The ocean has absorbed about 25% of the carbon emitted by humans to date. To better predict how much climate will change, it is critical to understand how this ocean carbon sink will respond to future emissions. Here, we examine the ocean carbon sink response to low emission (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6), intermediate emission (SSP2-4.5, SSP5-3.4-OS), and high emission (SSP5-8.5) scenarios in CMIP6 Earth System Models and in MAGICC7, a reduced-complexity climate carbon system model. From 2020–2100, the trajectory of the global-mean sink approximately parallels the trajectory of anthropogenic emissions. With increasing cumulative emissions during this century (SSP5-8.5 and SSP2-4.5), the cumulative ocean carbon sink absorbs 20%–30% of cumulative emissions since 2015. In scenarios where emissions decline, the ocean absorbs an increasingly large proportion of emissions (up to 120% of cumulative emissions since 2015). Despite similar responses in all models, there remains substantial quantitative spread in estimates of the cumulative sink through 2100 within each scenario, up to 50 PgC in CMIP6 and 120 PgC in the MAGICC7 ensemble. We demonstrate that for all but SSP1-2.6, approximately half of this future spread can be eliminated if model results are adjusted to agree with modern observation-based estimates. Considering the spatial distribution of air-sea CO2 fluxes in CMIP6, we find significant zonal-mean divergence from the suite of newly-available observation-based constraints. We conclude that a significant portion of future ocean carbon sink uncertainty is attributable to modern-day errors in the mean state of air-sea CO2 fluxes, which in turn are associated with model representations of ocean physics and biogeochemistry. Bringing models into agreement with modern observation-based estimates at regional to global scales can substantially reduce uncertainty in future role of the ocean in absorbing anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere and mitigating climate change.
Multibody expansion of the local integrals of motion: how many pairs of particle-hole do we really need to describe the quasiparticles in the many-body localized phase?
Authors: Gholami Zahra , Amini Mohsen , Soltani Morteza , Ghanbari-Adivi Ebrahim
Published: March 2023

The emergent integrability in a many-body localized (MBL) system can be well characterized by the existence of the complete set of local integrals of motion (LIOMs). Such exactly conserved and exponentially localized operators are often understood as quasiparticle operators which can be expanded in terms of single-particle operators dressed with different numbers of particle-hole pairs. Here, we consider a one-dimensional XXZ spin-

1
2

Heisenberg chain in the presence of a random field and try to quantify the corrections needed to be considered in the picture of quasiparticles associated with LIOMs due to the presence of particle-hole excitations. To this end, we explicitly present the multibody expansion of LIOM creation operators of the system in the MBL regime. We analytically obtain the coefficients of this expansion and discuss the effect of higher-order corrections associated with different numbers of particle-hole excitations. Our analysis shows that depending on the localization length of the system, there exist a regime in which the contributions that come from higher-order terms can break down the effective one-particle description of the LIOMs and such quasiparticles become essentially many-body-like.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Energy Systems in Thakle Namuna Basti - A Case Study
Authors: Shah Malesh , Koirala Kshitiz , Upreti Saugat , Sanjel Nawaraj
Published: March 2023

The electrical supply system in most underdeveloped nations is incredibly undependable. The country’s existing distribution system has experienced regular power outages due to population growth, industrial expansion, rough terrain, and a long-distance transmission network. The conventional approach to centralized generation and transmission is failing to address this challenge and as a response, the utilization of renewable energy sources is expanding day by day to alleviate the energy crisis. The purpose of this study is to perform a techno-economic analysis of a 100% renewable off-grid and on-grid hybrid energy system for the electrification of Thakle Namuna Basti, a small communal village in Melamchi, Sindhupalchwok. The HOMER Pro 3.14 program is used to analyze the feasibility of the suggested hybrid power system. The available resources are provided as an input parameter along with load data and HOMER Pro optimizes the list of system architecture for that specific site. In addition, sensitivity analysis is performed for the proposed HES (Hybrid Energy System). The main outcome of the project is to find out the best system architecture based on various economic parameters such as NPC (Net Present Cost), LCOE (Levelized cost of electricity) and Operating and Maintenance Cost. The system having lowest NPC and LCOE makes the best system architecture.
Simulation of passive thermal retrofitting techniques in an earthquake-resistant building: A case study of a building in Thakle Namuna Basti, Melamchi, Nepal
Authors: Shah Malesh , Devkota Parth Singh , Timilsina Gaurav , Shrestha Dikshant , Shrestha Sirapa , Baral Bivek
Published: March 2023

Thermal comfort is a relatively emerging topic in the Nepalese context. The role of thermal comfort in building performance is foreshadowed by peoples’ emphasis on only the structural aspect and active heating/cooling systems. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of passive thermal retrofitting techniques in an earthquake-resistant building in a small community called Thakle Namuna Basti of Melamchi, Nepal. Only three retrofitting techniques are used in this simulation; the addition of gypsum plaster on the wall, the use of foam on the floor, and the application of double-glazed windows. The study was conducted through a two-phased survey, and simulation in TRNSYS. The heating and cooling loads before and after retrofitting are compared. It showed that applying passive thermal retrofitting techniques reduced the overall annual heating load by 35% in the winter but increased the overall cooling load by 4% in the summer.
Uniqueness in Cauchy problems for diffusive real-valued strict local martingales
Authors: Çetin Umut , Larsen Kasper
Published: March 2023

For a real-valued one dimensional diffusive strict local martingale, we provide a set of smooth functions in which the Cauchy problem has a unique classical solution under a local

1
2

\frac 12

-Hölder condition. Under the weaker Engelbert-Schmidt conditions, we provide a set in which the Cauchy problem has a unique weak solution. We exemplify our results using quadratic normal volatility models and the two dimensional Bessel process.
Why Epidemiology Is Incomplete Without Qualitative and Mixed Methods
Authors: Lane-Fall Meghan B
Published: March 2023

Epidemiology has traditionally used quantitative approaches to characterizing disease prevalence and studying the effects of medical and public health interventions. Despite the power of such methods, they leave important gaps in understanding population health that can be addressed using qualitative and mixed methods. In this commentary, I describe philosophical differences in qualitative and quantitative approaches to research and explain how they can be used together to strengthen epidemiologic inquiry.
Caregiver presence in a home-based cardiac rehabilitation programme improves the health-related quality of life of patients with heart failure
Authors: Noonan Miriam C , Frost Julia , Dalal Hasnain M , Taylor Rod S
Published: March 2023

Rehabilitation EnAblement in CHronic Heart Failure (REACH-HF) is a home-based cardiac rehabilitation intervention designed for patients with heart failure and their caregivers. We present a pooled analysis of patients >18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of HF recruited to two REACH-HF randomized controlled trials. Where identified by patients and consented to participate, caregivers were randomly assigned with patients to receive the REACH-HF intervention plus usual care or usual care alone. Our analysis demonstrated that compared to control group, the REACH-HF group had a greater gain in their disease-specific health-related quality of life at follow-up.
A175 REAL-WORLD EXPERIENCE ON SWITCHING FROM ADALIMUMAB TO BIOSIMILARS IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE – AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY FROM THREE TERTIARY CARE CENTRES
Authors: Bedi H , Rosenfeld D , Hoang T , Reise-Filteau M , Bressler B , Leung Y , Singh S , Rosenfeld G
Published: March 2023

Background

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bowel which includes ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) or unspecific IBD (IBDu). Adalimumab (ADA), a humanized monoclonal IgG antibody against tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa), is an effective treatment for IBD. HumiraTM is an anti-TNFa agent that was approved by Health Canada for the treatment of IBD. In May of 2019, the British Columbia government pharmaceutical benefit plan implemented a biosimilar initiative in May 2019, mandating a non-medical switch from HumiraTM to one of the biosimilar drugs.

Purpose

We aimed to evaluate the real-world experience on the comparative safety and effectiveness of adalimumab biosimilar therapy after a mandatory, non-medical switch.

Method

We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with IBD who either remained on HumiraTM or were switched to an adalimumab biosimilar agent, Idacio, at three tertiary care centres. Patients’ demographic data, disease status including CRP and fecal calprotectin before and after switch, and hospital visits or admission after switch were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and t-test.

Result(s)

Of the 191 patients included in the study, 145 patients underwent the provincial mandated switch from HumiraTM to a biosimilar agent, Idacio® , whereas 46 patients remained on HumiraTM. The median age at IBD diagnosis was 27 years (range 3-76 years), and at biosimilar switch was 43.5 years (15-78 years). Median disease duration prior to biosimilar switch was 13.5 years (range 0-69 years). 55.1% of patients were male, and 12.9% of patients were active smokers. CD was found in 78.9% of patients, and 19.9% of patients had UC. After biosimilar switch, adverse events, such as rash, nausea, or vomiting, were noted in 10 patients in the biosimilar group, and 7 patients required switch back to HumiraTM. All patients in the HumiraTM group stayed on that therapy. One patient stopped the biosimilar agent due to development of a new cancer requiring chemotherapy. None of the patients required IBD-related emergency department visit or hospital admission. Additionally, there was no difference in CRP or fecal calprotectin values measured before and after the biosimilar switch, and when compared to the patients who stayed on HumiraTM (p=0.48, and p=0.142, respectively).

Conclusion(s)

We conclude that the clinical benefit of HumiraTM was sustained after a non-medical switch to an adalimumab biosimilar. There was no risk of relapse, emergency visit, or hospital admission seen in this study. This is the first Canadian study to establish the safety and efficacy of switch to non-medical switch to an adalimumab biosimilar agent.

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None

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Thermal acclimation of leaf respiration is consistent in tropical and subtropical populations of two mangrove species
Authors: Chieppa Jeff , Feller Ilka C , Harris Kylie , Dorrance Susannah , Sturchio Matthew A , Gray Eve , Tjoelker Mark G , Aspinwall Michael J
Published: March 2023

Populations from different climates often show unique growth responses to temperature, reflecting temperature adaptation. Yet, whether populations from different climates differ in physiological temperature acclimation remains unclear. Here, we test whether populations from differing thermal environments exhibit different growth responses to temperature and differences in temperature acclimation of leaf respiration. We grew tropical and subtropical populations of two mangrove species (Avicennia germinans and Rhizophora mangle) under ambient and experimentally warmed conditions in a common garden at the species’ northern range limit. We quantified growth and temperature responses of leaf respiration (R) at seven time points over ~10 months. Warming increased productivity of tropical populations more than subtropical populations, reflecting a higher temperature optimum for growth. In both species, R measured at 25 °C declined as seasonal temperatures increased, demonstrating thermal acclimation. Contrary to our expectations, acclimation of R was consistent across populations and temperature treatments. However, populations differed in adjusting the temperature sensitivity of R (Q10) to seasonal temperatures. Following a freeze event, tropical Avicennia showed greater freeze damage than subtropical Avicennia, while both Rhizophora populations appeared equally susceptible. We found evidence of temperature adaptation at the whole-plant scale but little evidence for population differences in thermal acclimation of leaf physiology. Studies that examine potential costs and benefits of thermal acclimation in an evolutionary context may provide new insights into limits of thermal acclimation.
Estimating dynamical parameters of two interacting galaxies using deep learning
Authors: Mahor Adarsh , Reddy Janvita , Singh Amitesh , Singh Shashwat
Published: March 2023

The science behind Galaxy interaction and mergers has a fundamental role and gives us an insight into galaxy formation and its evolution. Fluctuating angular momentum is responsible for extraordinary events like polar rings, tidal tails, and ripples. Various parameters like the mass ratio of the interacting galaxy, orbital parameters, mass distribution, and morphologies are required to study different phenomena related to galaxy interactions. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are widely used to predict image data. Thus, we used CNN as our approach to the problem. In this work, we will use data from state-of-the-art magnetohydrodynamic simulations of galaxy mergers from the GalMer database at different dynamical parameters using image snapshots of merging pairs of galaxies and feeding them to our Deep Learning model. The dynamical parameters we are aiming for would be spin, relative inclination (i), viewing angle (θ), and azimuthal angle (ϕ). We aim to download bulk data using the web scraping method. Here the model can predict the continuous and exact values of the dynamical parameters. We have achieved a 0.9986 R-squared value and a mean absolute error of 0.4348 on testing data. In the end, we used data from Sloan Digital Sky Survey to test our trained model on some real images.