bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Does the Future Hold for Innovation Management Education?
Authors: Širok Klemen , Jääskeläinen Pia
Published: September 2018

Education often struggles to keep up with the pace of changes in the global economy- and technology-driven world. This issue can be seen especially in the education of innovation management. Even if the current pace with which education in general is adapting to these changes remains the same, the intensifying change dynamics imposed by accelerating technological development, labor market changes, population aging, and environmental challenges will simply outpace the education system's adaptability. This chapter aims to identify and describe emerging trends that will most likely put additional pressures on innovation management education in the short- and mid-term. Based on the presented change-driving trends, a concept of a future-oriented innovation management course will be presented. Additionally, the hypothetical implementation of the innovation management course concept will be presented. In the conclusion, the challenges that innovation management education should address will be outlined and discussed.
Technology Assisting in Economic Decision Making
Authors: Orozco Plascencia José Manuel , de la Mora Cuevas José Manuel , Deniz Jonás Larios
Published: September 2018

Colima is a state that has excellent physical and economic resources that can contribute to its development and immediate growth, however, there was no diagnosis that gathered the main economic vocations of the municipalities. In this sense, the University of Colima, through the School of Economics, raised the possibility of conducting a thorough investigation to determine the current status of the spatial, natural, environmental and infrastructure resources of the 10 communes of the entity, with the object of being identified in a spatial system or electronic platform, in which they can be visualized, updated and interpreted, according to the needs of the Government of the State of Colima and in particular, of the user sector, coordinated by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Government of the State of Colima. The chapter shows the methodology used for the preparation of the economic vocational study, the indicators and data, the planned goals and the objectives, as well as the problems that were faced and solved and the methodological decisions and if justification.
Understanding E-Marketing Strategies
Authors: Agüera María de la Soledad Zapata
Published: September 2018

Using digital channels allows you to transcend traditional constraints such a geography and time zones to connect with a much wider audience. For this author, e-marketing is important because the market is global and wider, and it is necessary to be able to reach a segment with precision using the digital marketing that gives us this option. The purpose of this chapter is to explain in a simple way the strategies related to e-marketing, both research, segmentation, targeting, and product positioning. All the contents are explained with examples that are easily understandable.
The Impacts of Facebook Ads on Brand Image, Brand Awareness, and Brand Equity
Authors: Erkan Ismail , Gokerik Mehmet , Acikgoz Fulya
Published: September 2018

The advent of Facebook brought a new aspect for advertising since it allows ads to reach more targeted users on the internet. However, although the ads on Facebook have been found influential on consumers' purchase intentions, the possible impacts on brands have been relatively neglected. The purpose of this research is therefore to investigate the impacts of Facebook ads on brand image, brand awareness, and brand equity. With this purpose, a conceptual model was developed based on the advertising value model (AVM). The research model was tested by means of structural equation modelling (SEM) with the help of surveys applied for 194 university students. The results support the proposed model and confirm that Facebook ads play an important role on brand image, brand awareness, and brand equity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The End of Tourism as We Know It
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel , George Babu
Published: September 2018

The present chapter posits an interesting discussion revolving around the term Thana Capitalism, which was originally formulated in earlier works. Originally formulated to serve as an opposite alternative against neo-pragmatism, neoliberalism toyed with the belief that the world can be united through the consumption and free trade. During 80s and 90s decades, the theory of development adopted tourism as an efficient instrument to struggle with poverty. Under the auspices of neoliberalism, modern tourism not only paved the ways for an “Kantian eternal peace,” but also conducted a much deeper process of democratization beyond the borders of Western civilization. After the recent, stock market crisis in 2008, tourism not only was placed in jeopardy by the advance of jihadist terrorism but mutated towards more morbid forms of consumption, which made from human suffering as a tantalizing criterion of attraction. Thana-Tourism, War tourism, Dark Tourism or slum tourism are indicators that the society is changing towards new horizons.
Autism and Diet
Authors: Srivastava Komal
Published: September 2018

The parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often try alternative treatments to reduce their children's symptoms, and one of the alternatives is a specialized diet. This diet is called gluten-free casein-free or GFCF diet. The GFCF diet has grown popular over the years. These children may be sensitive to the taste, smell, color, and texture of foods. They may limit or totally avoid some foods and even whole food groups. They may have difficulty focusing on one task for an extended period of time. It may be hard for a child to sit down and eat a meal from start to finish. The chapter highlights the impact of maternal nutrition, nutritional deficiencies, and GFCF diet in ASD.
Innovative Approaches for Pre-Screening and Sensing of Diseases
Authors: Singh Dharmpal , Purkait Gopal , Banerjee Abhishek , Chatterjee Parag
Published: September 2018

Prescreening and sensing of diseases offers a number of benefits that can help in prevention of major diseases. The aim of disease pre-screening is to detect possible disorders or diseases in people who do not have any symptoms. Earlier screening methods for the detection of diseases was invasive, complicated, and would require extensive tests. Some conventional methods used in clinical diagnoses include many invasive and potentially hazardous biopsy procedures, endoscopy, computed tomography; numerous innovative approaches have evolved to overcome the limitations of traditional techniques. Non-invasive biomedical sensor, genomics, electronic nose, nano-material, plasmonicsensor devices, microfabrication-based technologies, flat-panel detectors, digital breast object models, endomicroscopy, breath biopsy, and wavelet-based enhancement methods are some of the emerging frontiers in prescreening and sensing of diseases. This chapter will provide an in-depth discussion of the abovementioned innovative techniques related to prescreening and sensing of diseases.
Clinical Decision Support System for Early Disease Detection and Management
Authors: Thomas Likewin , M. V. Manoj Kumar , B. Annappa
Published: September 2018

Medical error is an adverse event of a failure in healthcare management, causing unintended injuries. Proper clinical care can be provided by employing a suitable clinical decision support system (CDSS) for healthcare management. CDSS assists the clinicians in identifying the severity of disease at the time of admission and predicting its progression. In this chapter, CDSS was developed with the help of statistical techniques. Modified cascade neural network (ModCNN) was built upon the architecture of cascade-correlation neural network (CCNN). ModCNN first identifies the independent factors associated with disease and using that factor; it predicts its progression. A case progressing towards severity can be given better care, avoiding later stage complications. Performance of ModCNN was evaluated and compared with artificial neural network (ANN) and CCNN. ModCNN showed better accuracy than other statistical techniques. Thus, CDSS developed in this chapter is aimed at providing better treatment planning by reducing medical error.
Impact of Patient Health Education on the Screening for Disease Test-Outcomes
Authors: Edoh Thierry O. C.
Published: September 2018

Screening for diseases is a medical process to predict, prevent, detect, and cure a disease in people at high risk. However, it is limited in the quality and accuracy of the outcomes. The reason for this is the lack of long-term data about the health condition of the patient. Launching modern information and communication technology in the screening process has shown promise of improving the screening outcomes. A previous study has shown that patient education can positively impact the patient behavior face to a disease and can empower the patient to adopt a healthy lifestyle and thus avoid certain diseases. Offering medical education to the patient can positively impact screening outcomes since educated and empowered patients are more aware of certain diseases and can collect significant information. This can minimize the rate of false positive as well as false negative screening results. This chapter analyzes how medical education can contribute to improving screening outcomes.
A Fourier-Bessel Expansion-Based Method for Automated Detection of Atrial Fibrillation From Electrocardiogram Signals
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Patidar Shivnarayan
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents a new methodology for detection and identification of cardiovascular diseases from a single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) signal of short duration. More specifically, this method deals with the detection of the most common cardiac arrhythmia called atrial fibrillation (AF) in noisy and non-clinical environment. The method begins with appropriate pre-processing of ECG signals in order to get the RR-interval and heart rate (HR) signals from them. A set of indirect features are computed from the original and the transformed versions of RR-interval and HR signals along with a set of direct features that are obtained from ECG signals themselves. In all, 47 features are computed and subsequently they are fed to an ensemble system of bagged decision trees for classifying the ECG recordings into four different classes. The proposed method has been evaluated with 2017 PhysioNet/CinC challenge hidden test dataset (phase II subset) and the final F1 score of 0.81 is obtained.
The OSGI SIB
Authors: D'Elia Alfredo , Azzoni Paolo , Viola Fabio , Aguzzi Cristiano , Roffia Luca , Cinotti Tullio Salmon
Published: September 2018

The research activity in the IoT field caused a proliferation of information brokers with different features and targeted at different information abstraction levels. The OSGI Semantic Information Broker (SIB) is a portable and extendable solution for providing an IoT system with semantic support, a publish subscribe paradigm, and expressive primitives for information modeling. In this chapter the authors explain the main reasons for defining a new SIB version, substituting the previously used RedSIB, its main features and comparative evaluation against both ad hoc and standard benchmarks. Furthermore, recently defined primitives and experimental work on the portability to mobile devices and resiliency are proposed and discussed.
A Semantic Sensor Web Architecture in the Internet of Things
Authors: Bytyçi Eliot , Sejdiu Besmir , Avdiu Arten , Ahmedi Lule
Published: September 2018

The Internet of Things (IoT) vision is connecting uniquely identifiable devices to the internet, best described through ontologies. Furthermore, new emerging technologies such as wireless sensor networks (WSN) are recognized as essential enabling component of the IoT today. Hence, the interest is to provide linked sensor data through the web either following the semantic web enablement (SWE) standard or the linked data approach. Likewise, a need exists to explore those data for potential hidden knowledge through data mining techniques utilized by a domain ontology. Following that rationale, a new lightweight IoT architecture has been developed. It supports linking sensors, other devices and people via a single web by mean of a device-person-activity (DPA) ontology. The architecture is validated by mean of three rich-in-semantic services: contextual data mining over WSN, semantic WSN web enablement, and linked WSN data. The architecture could be easily extensible to capture semantics of input sensor data from other domains as well.
Semantic Extension for the Linked Data Based on Semantically Enhanced Annotation and Reasoning
Authors: Li Pu , Zhang Zhifeng , Deng Lujuan , Ma Junxia , Wu Fenglong , Gu Peipei , Jiang Yuncheng
Published: September 2018

Linked Data, a new form of knowledge representation and publishing described by RDF, can provide more precise and comprehensible semantic structures. However, the current RDF Schema (RDFS) and SPARQL-based query strategy cannot fully express the semantics of RDF since they cannot unleash the implicit semantics between linked entities, so they cannot unleash the potential of Linked Data. To fill this gap, this chapter first defines a new semantic annotating and reasoning method which can extend more implicit semantics from different properties and proposes a novel general Semantically-Extended Scheme for Linked Data Sources to realize the semantic extension over the target Linked Data source. Moreover, in order to effectively return more information in the process of semantic data retrieval, we then design a new querying model which extends the SPARQL pattern. Lastly, experimental results show that our proposal has advantages over the initial Linked Data source and can return more valid results than some of the most representative similarity search methods.
Leveraging Context-Awareness in Duty-Cycled Broadcast Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Jemili Imen , Ghrab Dhouha , Belghith Abdelfettah , Mosbah Mohamed
Published: September 2018

Operating under duty-cycle mode allows wireless sensor networks to prolong their lifetime. However, this working pattern, with the temporary unavailability of nodes, brings challenges to the network design, mainly for a fundamental service like flooding. The challenging task is to authorize sensors to adopt a duty-cycle mode without inflicting any negative impact on the network performances. Context-awareness offers to sensors the ability to adapt their functional behavior according to many contexts in order to cope with network dynamics. In this context, the authors propose an Enhanced-Efficient Context-Aware Multi-hop Broadcast (E-ECAB) protocol, which relies on multi contextual information to optimize resources usage and satisfy the application requirements in a duty-cycled environment. The authors proved that only one transmission is required to achieve the broadcast operation in almost all situations. Simulation results show that E-ECAB achieves a significant improvement compared to previous work in terms of throughput and end-to-end delay without sacrificing energy efficiency.
Sarcasm Detection in Twitter Data
Authors: Bharti Santosh Kumar , Korra Sathya Babu
Published: September 2018

Posting sarcastic messages on social media like Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp, etc., became a new trend to avoid direct negativity. Detecting this indirect negativity in the social media text has become an important task as they influence every business organization. In the presence of sarcasm, detection of actual sentiment on these texts has become the most challenging task. An automated system is required that will be capable of identifying actual sentiment of a given text in the presence of sarcasm. In this chapter, we proposed an automated system for sarcasm detection in social media text using six algorithms that are capable to analyze the various types of sarcasm occurs in Twitter data. These algorithms use lexical, pragmatic, hyperbolic and contextual features of text to identify sarcasm. In the contextual feature, we mainly focus on situation, topical, temporal, and historical context of the text. The experimental results of proposed approach were compared with state-of-the-art techniques.
A Novel Fuzzy Inspired Bat Algorithm for Multidimensional Function Optimization Problem
Authors: Hasan Syeda Shabnam , Rahman Rashida , Jahan Khurshida Akther , Islam Shaheda , Shadman Arshiful Islam , Towqir Sheikh Shadab , Alam Khandoker Rakibul , Rahman Rashedur M.
Published: September 2018

This article introduces Fuzzy Inspired Bat Algorithm (FIBA), which is an improved variant of the original Bat algorithm. The novelty of FIBA lies in the integration of a fuzzy controller with the basic Bat algorithm that tries to bring balance between the degree of explorations and exploitations during the mutation operation. Another novelty of FIBA is the introduction of a step size parameter, maintained separately for every candidate solution, to customize and control the mix of explorative and exploitative operations around each candidate solution. FIBA is tested on a standard benchmark set that includes 10 complex, scalable, high dimensional functions. The results on benchmark functions reveal that FIBA can perform sufficiently well, and often better than the original Bat algorithm and another recently proposed improved Bat variant. Such improvements on the experimental results imply that the fuzzy technique adopted by FIBA might be effective on other existing problems as well, and hence demand further research and investigation.
A Study Proposing a Data Model for a Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) Data Warehouse for Potential Secondary Uses of Dementia Care Data
Authors: Khalid Shehla , Small Neil , Neagu Daniel , Surr Claire
Published: September 2018

There is growing emphasis on sharing and reusing dementia care-related datasets to improve the quality of dementia care. Consequently, there is a need to develop data management solutions for collecting, integrating and storing these data in formats that enhance opportunities for reuse. Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) is an observational tool that is in widespread use internationally. It produces rich, evidence-based data on dementia care quality. Currently, that data is primarily used locally, within dementia care services, to assess and improve quality of care. Information-rich DCM data provides opportunities for secondary use including research into improving the quality of dementia care. But an effective data management solution is required to facilitate this. A rationale for the warehousing of DCM data as a technical data management solution is suggested. The authors also propose a data model for a DCM data warehouse and present user-identified challenges for reusing DCM data within a warehouse.
Single Discount or Multiple Discounts?
Authors: Chen Yi-Fen , Cheng Ruo-Chi
Published: September 2018

The emerging online economy provides consumers with easy access to numerous choices. This article investigates the effects of price promotion framing messages on perceived value and online consumer purchase intention. A 3 (price promotion framing: single discount/multiple discounts- large discount first and small discount last/multiple discounts- small discount first and large discount last) × 2 (price level of product: low/high) experimental design is conducted. The experiment results demonstrated that price framing of single discount has a greater influence on perceived value than multiple discounts. Perceived value has a positive influence on purchase intention. Additionally, price moderates the effects of price promotion framing on consumer purchase intention. This finding offers potential for finding better ways for sellers or managers to present discounts in online shopping. Finally, the conclusion presents implications, limitations, and directions for future research.
Understanding Information Security Behaviours of Tanzanian Government Employees
Authors: Koloseni Daniel Ntabagi , Lee Chong Yee , Gan Ming-Lee
Published: September 2018

This article investigates security behaviours of employees using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a theoretical lens. Given the fact that previous studies on security behaviours paid much attention to conscious information security behaviours; this article extends the HBM to study both habitual or automatic security behaviours (security habit) and conscious security behaviours of Tanzanian government employees. A structural equation modelling (SEM) technique was used for data analysis. The study found that, the intentions of government employees to practice information security behaviour is influenced by perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, and cues to action and security habits. Their intentions, however, is not affected by perceived benefits and self-efficacy. Further, an employee's intentions and security habits has a significant effect on actual security practice. Generally, the extended research model enriches the understanding of the role played by both conscious and habitual security behaviours on information security behaviours of employees.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Its Mixed Reality in the Learning Sphere
Authors: Mthembu Ntokozo
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this article is to discuss the literature review and observable experiences on mixed reality posed by the use of information and communication technology (ICT) systems in the education system in the South African landscape. Human progress in the 21st century has been characterised by the rise of computer technology, that has become a defining feature in almost all social spheres. However, the reality shows that though ICT is celebrated for its undisputed, “uncertainty” and efficient services, especially when it comes to communication, information and dissemination. It also tends to encourage the abandonment of other modes of communication, specifically in relation to teaching and learning. In discovering the challenges and possibilities posed by the information technology, the notion of a didactical triangle will be explored. Literature reveals that the advent of ICT brought about various developmental opportunities and threats to human life. This article argues that consideration of institution and context is fundamental when it comes to a better understanding of the practicalities of information technology. This article will add value by shedding light on the realities and challenges in relation to ICT on the human life. The conclusion is that interventions that relates to information and communication technology have to seriously consider the structural constraints of access and social inequity as well as the effects of coloniality.
On Being Lost
Authors: Sasaki Tomohiro , Vallance Michael
Published: September 2018

People who have a poor sense of direction are called 方向オンチ (houkou-onchi) in Japanese. What makes those people houkou-onchi? What are the differences between people who get lost and others? In an attempt to answer these questions, three applications were developed using virtual reality (VR), informed by the literature of cognitive psychology. The applications were used to collect data about spatial recognition and to determine the essence of houkou-onchi. Experiments were conducted in which subjects (n=23) first answered a questionnaire, then participated in three applications to test their spatial recognition and psychological ability, and finally undertook a paper-based task. The data and resultant analysis found that the faster the mental rotation ability a person has, the better he/she can understand directions. In addition, people who actively engage in their surroundings also have a better sense of direction. The article details the design, implementation and subsequent experiments of the VR applications.
Visual Complexity Online and Its Impact on Children's Aesthetic Preferences and Learning Motivation
Authors: Wang Hsiu-Feng , Bowerman Julian
Published: September 2018

In the past, when most computers were workplace tools, researchers in the field of HCI predominately focused on practical aspects of computing, such as usability and efficiency. Now, with more and more computer technologies entering the home and other areas of life, such as schooling and informal education, an increasing number of researchers are exploring subjective issues related to computing. This research explored the relationship between visual complexity, aesthetics and learning motivation with respect to children's learning websites. It took the form of an experiment involving children aged 10 to 11 years-old viewing homepages designed for them. In the experiment, the children were divided into three groups. One group was shown homepages of a low level of visual complexity, another group was shown homepages of a medium level of visual complexity and another group was shown homepages of a high level of visual complexity. At the end of the experiment, the children were asked questions about the homepages; the questions were on the topics of aesthetics and motivation. In addition to exploring the relationship between visual complexity, aesthetics and learning motivation, the research tested Berylne's theory of preference: a theory that purports that people prefer medium level stimuli to high or low-level stimuli. The results of the experiment showed that children preferred aesthetics of a medium level of visual complexity, Berlyne's theory was thus supported. The results also revealed that aesthetic preference and learning motivation were correlated. These findings have implications for designers of children's learning websites as they suggest that by manipulating visual complexity, a user's viewing pleasure can be enhanced or depreciated.
UAE Undergraduate Student Digital Etiquette and Belief-Oriented Technology USE
Authors: Abulibdeh Enas Said Ali
Published: September 2018

The objectives of this article are: explore the adherence to digital etiquette and ‎belief-oriented technology use, examine the relationship between ‎digital etiquette and belief-oriented technology use, and examine the influence of ‎IT Course on students' digital etiquette. The ‎sample comprised 350 students, who were taking IT and ‎non-IT Courses at two private universities. The research employed a ‎cross-sectional survey using a two-part questionnaire. The first part measured digital etiquette, while the second part measured technology use orientation results showed a widespread adherence to digital etiquette among the respondents ‎with very small numbers reporting the violation of ethics. The same positive pattern was found with use orientation where most respondents reported a positive technology use orientation ‎based on their belief. The correlation analysis indicated a strong positive relationship ‎between digital etiquette and belief-orientation (r = 932), while the t-test results revealed a non-‎ significance difference between IT and non-IT students in their digital etiquette.
The Role of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in Enhancing Service Sector Productivity in Palestine
Authors: Morrar Rabeh , Abdeljawad Islam , Jabr Samer , Kisa Adnan , Younis Mustafa Z.
Published: September 2018

This article discusses the productivity of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector using cross-sectional data from 793 service firms in Palestine. The authors have examined the impact of ICT growth on service sector productivity in Palestine using a set of indicators for ICT including internet usage, e-commerce, networks, websites, and use of “smart” phones. They find that using ICT (mainly Internet) in commerce (e-commerce) is one of the most important levers of labor productivity among service firms. Service firms that are less ICT-intensive are less productive than more ICT-intensive firms; moreover, the use of mobile phones for services other than send-and-receive calls, highly improves the labor productivity of service firms. Conversely, using a website and computer network does not positively affect the labor productivity. Regarding geographical differences in labor productivity, the analysis shows that firms in Jerusalem are characterized by higher productivity than firms in the West Bank, while firms in Gaza have a lower productivity compared to firms in the West Bank.
HIV-1 Nef Disrupts CD4+ T Lymphocyte Polarity, Extravasation, and Homing to Lymph Nodes via Its Nef-Associated Kinase Complex Interface
Authors: Lamas-Murua Miguel , Stolp Bettina , Kaw Sheetal , Thoma Judith , Tsopoulidis Nikolaos , Trautz Birthe , Ambiel Ina , Reif Tatjana , Arora Sakshi , Imle Andrea , Tibroni Nadine , Wu Jingxia , Cui Guoliang , Stein Jens V. , Tanaka Motomu , Lyck Ruth , Fackler Oliver T.
Published: September 2018

HIV-1 Nef is a multifunctional protein that optimizes virus spread and promotes immune evasion of infected cells to accelerate disease progression in AIDS patients. As one of its activities, Nef reduces the motility of infected CD4+ T lymphocytes in confined space. In vivo, Nef restricts T lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes as it reduces the ability for extravasation at the diapedesis step. Effects of Nef on T lymphocyte motility are typically mediated by its ability to reduce actin remodeling. However, interference with diapedesis does not depend on residues in Nef required for inhibition of host cell actin dynamics. In search for an alternative mechanism by which Nef could alter T lymphocyte extravasation, we noted that the viral protein interferes with the polarization of primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes upon infection with HIV-1. Expression of Nef alone is sufficient to disrupt T cell polarization, and this effect is conserved among lentiviral Nef proteins. Nef acts by arresting the oscillation of CD4+ T cells between polarized and nonpolarized morphologies. Mapping studies identified the binding site for the Nef-associated kinase complex (NAKC) as critical determinant of this Nef activity and a NAKC-binding–deficient Nef variant fails to impair CD4+ T lymphocyte extravasation and homing to lymph nodes. These results thus imply the disruption of T lymphocyte polarity via its NAKC binding site as a novel mechanism by which lentiviral Nef proteins alter T lymphocyte migration in vivo.
Biomarkers of dementia: from bench to clinical side
Authors: Mecocci Patrizia , Paolacci Lucia , Boccardi Virginia
Published: September 2018

To date Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) is defined biologically, by neuropathologic change, and clinically treating cognitive impairment as a symptom of the disease rather than the definition of the disease. This approach underlines the complexity of such a disease and should enhance efforts to identify a sensitive but easy to get biomarker that will play a key role when innovative and efficacious treatment for AD will be found because, then it will be possible to treat this disease before the onset of clinical symptoms. Several biomarkers have been studied in cerebrospinal fluid: amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42), total tau (t-tau), phospho-tau (ptau), Aβ1-42/t- tau ratio and Aβ1-42/p-tau ratio are currently revealed in clinical practice. In the next future, it would be useful to dose biomarkers in less invasive samples (such as blood or urine) as like as to use OMICs technologies, including proteomics and metabolomics, to find more predictive and diagnostic biomarkers for AD.
Wind variability and Earth’s rotation as drivers of transport in a deep, elongated subalpine lake: The case of Lake Garda
Authors: Amadori Marina , Piccolroaz Sebastiano , Giovannini Lorenzo , Zardi Dino , Toffolon Marco
Published: September 2018

The effects of wind forcing and Earth’s rotation on the transport processes in Lake Garda, Italy, are investigated for the first time under different thermal stratification conditions and typical diurnal wind cycles. Numerical simulations are performed by means of a modeling chain composed of a meteorological (WRF) and a hydrodynamic (Delft3D) model. Transport processes are studied through the combined analysis of the residual (time averaged) flow field and the trajectories of Lagrangian particles. Results show that strong currents develop in winter under the forcing of synoptic northerly Föhn winds, especially in the elongated northern region, where winds are channeled by the steep orography. Significant water volumes are displaced laterally by Ekman transport, producing intense downwelling and upwelling along the steep shores. Instead summer patterns are controlled by the diurnal cycle of local breezes, alternately blowing along the main axis of the lake. The resulting circulation reveals counterclockwise gyres in the northern part, driven by the alternating wind direction and affected by Coriolis force. The analysis suggests that complex circulations can develop in lakes with relatively simple geometries, like the narrow trunk region of Lake Garda, where the effect of Earth’s rotation unexpectedly influences the transport patterns.
Cardiotoxicity of FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors: A rare but serious adverse event
Authors: Zarifa Abdulrazzak , Salih Mohammed , Lopez-Mattei Juan , Lee Hun Ju , Iliescu Cezar , Hassan Saamir , Palaskas Nicolas , Durand Jean-Bernard , Mouhayar Elie , Kim Joseph , Kim Peter
Published: September 2018

Refractory cancer represents a challenge for oncologists in providing treatment options without excessive toxicity and has led to the investigation of immune mechanisms. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) directly interfere with the tumor cells' ability to evade the innate and adaptive immune system by targeting specific proteins such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death protein-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which are involved as negative regulators of T-cell function. Their growing success has led to the investigation for frontline treatment in several types of cancers. Even though these ICIs have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of a variety of cancers, their use has been associated with the development of rare but severe adverse events. These events are the result of targeting specific checkpoint proteins on normal cells of the body as well as secondary downstream off-target effects on normal tissue. Similar to combined conventional cancer treatment, treating with combined ICIs are also associated with a higher risk of adverse events. Although cardiotoxicities related to immunotherapy are reportedly rare, they can be severe and associated with life-threatening conditions such as fulminant heart failure, hemodynamic instability, and cardiac arrest. Oncologists must carefully weigh the risk versus the therapeutic benefit of these agents in determining the best option for improving overall survival and minimizing morbidity and mortality of their patients. Our review focuses on the approved ICIs, their mechanism of action, their oncologic efficacy, and the associated potential for cardiovascular toxicity.
Экстраполяция в гранд-пространствах Лебега с весами из $A_\infty$
Authors: Kokilashvili Vakhtang Mikhailovich , Meskhi Alexander Nodarovich
Published: September 2018

Установлены результаты об экстраполяции с весами из $A_\infty$
в гранд-пространствах Лебега. Вообще говоря, эти пространства
определяются относительно произведение-меры $\mu_1\times\dotsb\times\mu_n$
на $X_1\times\dotsb\times X_n$, где $(X_i,d_i,\mu_i)$, $i=1,…,n$, -
пространства однородного типа. В качестве приложений полученных
результатов установлены некоторые одновесовые оценки с весами
из $A_\infty$ для операторов гармонического анализа.
Библиография: 28 названий.
PENSAR DIREITO E EMOÇÃO: UMA CARTOGRAFIA
Authors: Pessoa de Aquino Franca Luna Nevita Maria
Published: September 2018

Através de um breve percurso histórico, mapeamos o espaço da emoção no direito. De início, mostraremos a recusa dos elementos emocionais no campo jurídico; em seguida, elencamos as influências das emoções em algumas matérias do direito. Examinamos a tomada de poder da vítima como sujeito de direito na esfera penal. E, por último, apresentaremos os supostos riscos que o direito e a justiça correm ao se envolverem com os sentimentos.
ALÉM DA LIBERDADE: PERSPECTIVAS EM NIETZSCHE
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Costa de
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo pretende analisar a temática da liberdade no pensamento de Friedrich Nietzsche. Partindo do seu perspectivismo epistemológico, busca-se apresentar duas concepções de liberdade encontradas na obra do filósofo: a liberdade negativa e a liberdade positiva. A primeira é aquela fundada no transcendente, no ressentimento dos fracos contra a moralidade dos fortes; absorvida e difundida pelos sacerdotes em seu desejo de punição e de julgamento. A segunda é a liberdade artística ou criadora, relacionada com o projeto mais amplo de transvaloração dos valores, visando uma moralidade afirmativa da vida. Assim, a hipótese defendida neste artigo é a de que Nietzsche busca desenvolver uma ideia de liberdade para além do conceito de “liberdade” estabelecido até então: um modelo de liberdade que eleve os homens às alturas, que possibilite uma vida afirmativa. Ao final, os principais argumentos desenvolvidos são retomados para confirmar a hipótese levantada.
A INFELIZ BUSCA POR FELICIDADE NO DIREITO
Authors: Simões da Costa Cunha Vasconcellos Ursula , Struchiner Noel , Hannikainen Ivar
Published: September 2018

Apesar da ausência de previsão expressa na Constituição, o posicionamento que vem ganhando destaque entre os juristas é o de que o direito à felicidade está implícito em nosso ordenamento, já tendo, inclusive, sido invocado por ministros do STF na resolução de casos emblemáticos. Sendo assim, torna-se importante compreender o conceito de felicidade. Pesquisas empíricas recentes - na contramão do usualmente defendido por psicólogos e alguns filósofos que estudam o tema - têm revelado que, quando um indivíduo avalia a felicidade de outro, são tipicamente levados em consideração tanto elementos descritivos (e.g. se o sujeito apresenta emoções positivas e satisfação com sua vida) quanto normativos (e.g. se o sujeito leva uma vida moralmente boa). No presente artigo, apresentamos os resultados de dois experimentos que investigam se o conceito de “felicidade” e, por extensão, o “direito à felicidade”, também dependem de valorações descritivas e normativas. Por fim, discutimos algumas implicações e riscos advindos do uso de um conceito moralmente carregado, como é a felicidade, na prática judicial.
COMO OS JUÍZES DECIDEM OS CASOS DE ESTUPRO? ANALISANDO SENTENÇAS SOB A PERSPECTIVA DE VIESES E ESTEREÓTIPOS DE GÊNERO
Authors: Almeida Gabriela Perissinotto de , Nojiri Sérgio
Published: September 2018

Estereótipos sobre as mulheres estão presentes em abundância na sociedade e no Judiciário. Partindo desse diagnóstico, o objetivo deste artigo é identificar quais são os principais estereótipos que dificultam o acesso das mulheres à justiça em casos de estupro, além de compreender de que forma esses estereótipos atuam nos três níveis em que eles estão imbricados na sociedade: individual, coletivo e mais geral. Para tanto, são analisadas sentenças de 1º grau do Tribunal de Justiça do estado de São Paulo, do ano de 2016. Embora a amostra que embasou o estudo seja limitada a 63 sentenças, foi possível aferir que as mulheres têm seus depoimentos valorizados apenas se corresponderem ao ideal de mulher honesta e se parecerem ter sido vítimas; caso contrário, são retratadas como alguém de quem se deve desconfiar, passando rápida e frequentemente de vítimas a culpadas. Nesse contexto, o estereótipo da mulher honesta, assim como os estereótipos de vítima, no nível individual, atuam como atalhos cognitivos na tomada das decisões judiciais, levando a sentenças enviesadas, que desconsideram as peculiaridades dos casos concretos. De modo semelhante, esses estereótipos sustentam e são sustentados, nos níveis coletivo e mais geral, por uma estrutura social que subalterniza mulheres. Esperamos que a identificação desses estereótipos e a busca por explicações acerca da sua atuação nos três níveis em que estão imbricados na sociedade auxilie a formulação de políticas públicas que visem mitigar esses estereótipos e seus efeitos e, assim, garantir a efetividade do acesso das mulheres à justiça.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E O DEVER DE MONITORAMENTO: LEVANDO OS DIREITOS A SÉRIO
Authors: De Barcellos Ana Paula
Published: September 2018

O texto tem dois objetivos principais, e a metodologia adotada assume uma perspectiva jurídico-sociológica e pretende atingir objetivos jurídico-propositivos. Em primeiro lugar, o texto procura demonstrar que o efetivo respeito, proteção e promoção dos direitos fundamentais dependem sobretudo dos resultados concretos de políticas públicas existentes acerca desses direitos, e não apenas da existência de normas ou mesmo de decisões judiciais sobre o tema; e que a capacidade real das políticas públicas de promover tais efeitos na vida concreta das pessoas depende do permanente monitoramento e avaliação de seus resultados, de forma desagregada, afim de se captar a desigualdade tanto da realidade quanto da execução da própria política pública. O segundo objetivo do texto é propor uma estrutura básica para o monitoramento das políticas públicas em matéria de direitos fundamentais e sustentar que a existência de sistemas de monitoramento no contexto de políticas públicas de direitos fundamentais deve ser considerado um dever jurídico-constitucional.
HEURÍSTICA DE ANCORAGEM E FIXAÇÃO DE DANOS MORAIS EM JUIZADOS ESPECIAIS CÍVEIS NO RIO DE JANEIRO: UMA NOVA ANÁLISE
Authors: Leal Fernando , Ribeiro Leandro Molhano
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar empiricamente a influência de fatores intuitivos na tomada de decisão jurídica. Especificamente, pretende-se medir a influência da heurística de ajuste e ancoragem sobre juízes provocados a fixar valores de indenização por danos morais causados em consumidores. Partiu-se da hipótese de que os valores pedidos pelas partes a título de indenização por dano moral atuam como âncoras para a fixação da indenização homologada pelo juiz. Essa hipótese geral foi testada a partir de casos reais em 524 processos dos I e II Juizados Especiais Cíveis da Regional Barra da Tijuca entre 2011 e 2014, a partir de informações exatas sobre os valores de indenização pedidos pelos consumidores e os valores de indenização deferidos na decisão judicial. Assim, a presente investigação avança em relação a análise anteriormente feita com o mesmo objetivo deste estudo, mas desenvolvida buscando correlacionar o valor da causa com os pedidos deferidos judicialmente. Embora os resultados encontrados indiquem que há, em geral, pouco efeito de ancoragem dos pedidos feitos pelas partes a título de indenização por danos morais na decisão do juiz, identificamos variações interessantes que podem indicar a influência de julgamentos intuitivos em determinadas situações: quando as partes pedem valores bem abaixo do teto legalmente permitido (o que significa, sendo mais preciso, quando os valores não excedem o valor mediano pedido nos processos) e quando pedem valores “quebrados”. Foi feita, também, uma análise comparativa das relações entre valores pedidos e deferidos em grandes áreas (“telecomunicações”, “varejo”, “bancos” e “aéreas”). Nesse caso, observou-se que as correlações seguem o mesmo padrão geral de baixa correlação, exceto em “aéreas”, cujo índice de correlação de Spearman alcança 0,57, o que sugere efeitos de ancoragem. Este último dado também representa um avanço em relação a estudo anterior sobre ancoragem e danos morais, no qual setores específicos não foram analisados.
A INTUIÇÃO DO DOLO EM DIREITO PENAL: CORRELATOS NEURAIS DA TEORIA DA MENTE, RACIOCÍNIO INDUTIVO E A GARANTIA DA CONVICÇÃO JUSTIFICADA
Authors: Dias de Matos Diniz Thiago , César Cardoso Renato
Published: September 2018

Este artigo integra resultados significativos das ciências cognitivas contemporâneas – especialmente de estudos com imagens obtidas por ressonância magnética funcional e apoiados em psicologia comportamental – na compreensão da construção argumentativa do dolo em direito penal, bem como de uma seletividade penal política e moralmente focada no nível psicológico-individual. Tanto os elementos psicológicos que se encontram subjacentes à conceituação e classificação dos tipos dolosos, quanto os vieses que afetam o juízo de imputação do elemento subjetivo são tematizados sob um enfoque empírico. Uma vantagem desta abordagem interdisciplinar é tornar evidentes, entre outros aspectos, a associação natural e espontânea de institutos jurídicos, especialmente penais, com concepções morais pronta e automaticamente disponíveis, e os limites de eficácia de tradicionais garantias cognitivas do juízo penal. A metodologia utilizada foi preponderantemente a revisão de literatura, tanto na área específica da neurociência, destacadamente, correlatos neurais da Teoria da Mente (ToM), quanto da psicologia comportamental, com foco nos fatores intervenientes na atribuição de conhecimento, vontade e intenção (estados mentais) aos agentes, e sua relação com o sentido social (normativo) da sua ação. Foram verificadas assimetrias na avaliação de ações moralmente relevantes, que considera diversos fatores além dos estados mentais do agente (conhecimento e vontade) – os quais, inclusive, podem ser determinados não como premissa, mas como justificação de uma reprovação intuitiva. Identificou-se uma base psicológica da punição a título de dolo eventual, conforme o processamento cerebral dos efeitos colaterais negativos de uma ação. Constatou-se um efeito do perfil do agente (histórico de condutas etc.) na avaliação da reprovabilidade, da intencionalidade e, inclusive, da contribuição causal da sua ação em relação ao efeito lesivo. Por fim, notou-se que a interpretação de uma ação como intencional pode variar conforme se mostre materialmente danosa, ou apenas violadora de uma norma social. Esses resultados são importantes para o direito penal, especialmente para balizar o reforço permanente das suas garantias.
CÉREBROS QUE PUNEM: UMA REVISÃO CRÍTICA DA NEUROCIÊNCIA DA PUNIÇÃO
Authors: Horta Ricardo Lins
Published: September 2018

Os profissionais envolvidos com o sistema penal rotineiramente tomam decisões sobre a culpabilidade e a punibilidade de transgressores. O comportamento de punir um ofensor tem sido estudado por psicólogos e neurocientistas, que buscam compreender quais as motivações subjacentes ao ato de punir, bem como quais as estruturas cerebrais envolvidas no processamento de informações sobre a intencionalidade e gravidade de uma ofensa. Estudos recentes apontam que a decisão de punir envolve áreas cerebrais específicas, cuja origem estaria ligada à necessidade, no contexto de evolução da espécie, de estabilizar a cooperação em grupos, por intermédio do reforço das normas sociais mediante a aplicação de sanções. Neste artigo, buscamos fazer uma revisão crítica dessa literatura, apontando que, apesar da importância dos estudos da chamada Neurociência da Punição, os pressupostos por eles adotados ainda são discutíveis, do ponto de vista da biologia evolucionista e da neurociência cognitiva.