bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Origin of Overpressure and its Effect on Hydrocarbon Enrichment in the Hinterland of Junggar Basin, NW China
Authors: HAN Zaihua , LIU Hua , LI Jun , CHENG Bin , ZHANG Hongrui , MENG Xiangyu
Published: December 2024

Overpressure is widely developed in deep petroliferous strata in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin. However, a comprehensive understanding of its origin and effect on hydrocarbon distribution and enrichment remains lacking. In this study, we employ five empirical methods and comprehensive geological analysis to identify the origin of overpressure, and uncover the effect of overpressure on hydrocarbon enrichment. The results indicate that disequilibrium compaction is not a significant factor in overpressure generation. Instead, hydrocarbon generation, pressure transfer and diagenesis are the primary causes. The empirical methods support this conclusion. There is a positive correlation between overpressure intensity and source rock thickness and maturity. Notably, widespread cross‐formational migration of hydrocarbon bearing fluid occurred, with sandstone overpressure exceeding that of adjacent shale in non‐source strata. Furthermore, there is a distinct transformation from smectite to illite near the top of overpressure. Hydrocarbon generation pressurization and pressure transfer significantly effect hydrocarbon enrichment. The overpressure caused by hydrocarbon generation drives hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, establishing an optimal energy configuration between reservoir and cap rock. Faults play a crucial role in hydrocarbon vertical migration and pressure relief. The overpressure in reservoirs can reduce the porosity and permeability thresholds and enhance the charging capacity of oil and gas.
Review of the Triassic Curvicubitidae (Insecta: Hemiptera), with Description of New Material from China
Authors: ZHANG Qianqi , JARZEMBOWSKI Edmund A. , WANG Bo , ZHANG Haichun
Published: December 2024

The Curvicubitidae is a Triassic cicada family with some taxa systematically debatable. Here a new curvicubitid species, Beaconiella tongchuanensis sp. nov., is established from the Middle Triassic Tongchuan Entomofauna in NW China. Restudy of the two Australian species of Beaconiella Evans, 1963 (B. fennahi and B. multivenata) confirms that they are different species and first reveals the hindwing venation of B. multivenata. A detailed restudy of Curvicubitus triassicus Hong, 1984 confirms the treatment of Curvicubitus as a junior synonym of Beaconiella. A key to all the six species of Beaconiella in Curvicubitidae is first given. Although reported from only three sites, the family Curvicubitidae potentially was globally distributed during the Middle–Late Triassic, implying that this family probably originated as early as the Early Triassic or even the Permian.
Age‐Dependent Bi‐Phasic Dynamics of Ly49+CD8+ Regulatory T Cell Population
Authors: Srinivasan Saranya , Mishra Shruti , Fan Kenneth Ka‐Ho , Wang Liwen , Im John , Segura Courtney , Mukherjee Neelam , Huang Gang , Rao Manjeet , Ma Chaoyu , Zhang Nu
Published: December 2024

Aging is tightly associated with reduced immune protection but increased risk of autoimmunity and inflammatory conditions. Regulatory T cells are one of the key cells to maintaining immune homeostasis. The age‐dependent changes in CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been well documented. However, the nonredundant Foxp3−CD8+ Tregs were never examined in the context of aging. This study first established clear distinctions between phenotypically overlapping CD8+ Tregs and virtual memory T cells. Then, we elucidated the dynamics of CD8+ Tregs across the lifespan in mice and further extended our investigation to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In mice, we discovered a bi‐phasic dynamic shift in the frequency of CD8+CD44hiCD122hiLy49+ Tregs, with a steady increase in young adults and a notable peak in middle age followed by a decline in older mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that mouse CD8+ Tregs upregulated a selected set of natural killer (NK) cell‐associated genes, including NKG2D, with age. Importantly, NKG2D might negatively regulate CD8+ Tregs. Additionally, by analyzing a scRNA‐seq dataset of human PBMC, we found a distinct CD8+ Treg‐like subset (Cluster 10) with comparable age‐dependent frequency changes and gene expression, suggesting a conserved aging pattern in CD8+ Treg across mice and humans. In summary, our findings highlight the importance of CD8+ Tregs in immune regulation and aging.
Computed Tomographic Assessment of the Main Abdominal Vessels in Dogs
Authors: Vincken G. , Esmans M. , Porato M. , Hamaide A. , Noël S. , Joscht M. , Massart L. , Sandersen C. , Bolen G.
Published: December 2024

Computed tomographic (CT) characterisation of abdominal vessels is poorly studied. The objectives of this retrospective study were to assess during growth, by CT angiography, the evolution of the aorta (Ao), caudal vena cava (CVC), portal vein (PV), length of the second lumbar vertebra (L2) and different ratios between these structures; and to determine the influence of weight and age on the vessels' sizes and ratios. The first group included six beagles scanned every month from 4 to 12 months old, then every 3 months up to 24 months old. The second group included 26 dogs of different breeds and weights that were considered haemodynamically normal. These dogs were divided into three weight intervals: < 10, 10–30 and > 30 kg. The measurements were repeated three times by three operators. The diameter of the Ao, CVC and PV, the aortic length and the L2 length increased up to 7 months. Similarly, the different ratios, such as CVC/Ao, VP/Ao, Ao/L2 and CVC/L2, were variable up to 7 months old and became stable after 7 months. The diameter of the Ao, CVC and PV, the previously cited ratios and L2 length were variable between weight intervals but stable within one interval. The adult vascular standards and ratios published in the literature should not be used in medium‐size dogs younger than 7 months old. As variability is observed between the weight intervals, measurements should be used with care in very small or very large dogs.
Corticosteroids plus metformin versus corticosteroids as front‐line treatment for patients with newly diagnosed ITP and pre‐existing type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicentre propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Hou Xi‐ran , Yan Zhen‐yu , Liu Shuang , Gao Na , Chen Jian , Wang Ya‐wen , Wang Liang , Li Zhao , Wang Xin‐ru , Dong Qiao‐feng , Wang Qiu‐yan , Sun Lin , Wang Yan‐ming , Ma Ji , Zhao Ya‐jing , Xu Zhi‐long , Cao Cong‐cong , Peng Jun , Hou Ming , Liu Xin‐guang
Published: December 2024

Corticosteroids are the standard first‐line treatment for primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), with a high initial response but unsatisfactory sustained response (SR). Additionally, corticosteroids usually lead to hyperglycaemia especially in patients with pre‐existing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Besides reducing the blood glucose levels, metformin was found to have immunomodulatory effects. We hereby conducted a multicentre propensity score matching analysis of corticosteroids plus metformin versus corticosteroids for newly diagnosed ITP patients with pre‐existing T2DM. After matching at a ratio of 1:1, there were 57 patients in each group. Baseline characteristics, comorbidities and other medications including concurrent hypoglycaemic medications were balanced between the two groups. No statistical difference was observed in the initial response rate at day 14. It was notable that patients in the metformin group had a significantly higher SR rate and longer duration of response compared to the non‐metformin group. Metformin inclusion was associated with a higher incidence of stomach upset, which were generally tolerable. Our study provided evidence that the addition of metformin to corticosteroids might be a promising front‐line treatment for newly diagnosed ITP patients with pre‐existing T2DM.
Entomologists' knowledge of, and attitudes towards, insect welfare in research and education
Authors: Barrett Meghan , Drewery Merritt , Fischer Bob
Published: December 2024

A review of recent research on insect neurobiology and behaviour suggests there is a realistic possibility of sentience in at least some insects at some life stages. As a result, there has been growing interest in insect welfare by many academics, with a particular focus on farming and research.

To date, however, there has been little research on what entomologists believe about insect welfare. Moreover, there has not been any research on how entomologists may address their own concerns regarding insect welfare.

In this study, we sourced practices for improving insect welfare in research and education from professional entomologists during workshops at the 2023 national meetings of the Entomological Society of America and Royal Entomological Society. Then, we developed a survey to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of entomologists regarding insect welfare (n = 114).

Further, we asked survey participants to assess the six practices that their colleagues proposed—ranging from voluntary, individual‐level guidance through nationally‐coordinated, mandated ethics review—based on (1) the perceived efficacy of each practice to address a variety of welfare‐related concerns, (2) difficulty of implementation, and (3) the likely support for each practice among entomologists.

Entomologists self‐reported little training or familiarity with insect welfare but believed training on the topic was important, especially when early in their careers. Entomologists believed the community would be more supportive of voluntary strategies even if mandatory strategies would be more likely to be effective in addressing welfare‐related concerns (though they were expected to be more difficult to implement).

We conclude by describing the implications of our findings for a large swath of stakeholders, including scientific societies/journals, academic institutions, funders and policymakers, and principal investigators.
Comparison of Conservation Strategies for California Channel Island Oak (Quercus tomentella) Using Climate Suitability Predicted From Genomic Data
Authors: Mead Alayna , Fitz‐Gibbon Sorel , Knapp John , Sork Victoria L.
Published: December 2024

Management strategies, such as assisted gene flow, can increase resilience to climate change in tree populations. Knowledge of evolutionary history and genetic structure of species are needed to assess the risks and benefits of different strategies. Quercus tomentella, or Island Oak, is a rare oak restricted to six Channel Islands in California, United States, and Baja California, Mexico. Previous work has shown that Island Oaks on each island are genetically differentiated, but it is unclear whether assisted gene flow could enable populations to tolerate future climates. We performed whole‐genome sequencing on Island Oak individuals and Q. chrysolepis, a closely related species that hybridizes with Island Oak (127 total), to characterize genetic structure and introgression across its range and assess the relationship between genomic variation and climate. We introduce and assess three potential management strategies with different trade‐offs between conserving historic genetic structure and enabling populations to survive changing climates: the status quo approach; ecosystem preservation approach, which conserves the trees and their associated biodiversity; and species preservation approach, which conserves the species. We compare the impact of these approaches on predicted maladaptation to climate using Gradient Forest. We also introduce a climate suitability index to identify optimal pairs of seed sources and planting sites for approaches involving assisted gene flow. We found one island (Santa Rosa) that could benefit from the ecosystem preservation approach and also serve as a species preservation site. Overall, we find that both the ecosystem and species preservation approaches will do better than the status quo approach. If preserving Island Oak ecosystems is the goal, assisted dispersal into multiple sites could produce adapted populations. If the goal is to preserve a species, the Santa Rosa population would be suitable. This case study both illustrates viable conservation strategies for Island Oak and introduces a framework for tree conservation.
Nutritional value and fermentability of sorghum silages grown in the Amazon biome
Authors: de Souza Juliana Maria Silva , Neto Arthur Behling , da Rosa Maria Antônia Bortolucci , Tardin Flávio Dessaune , Galati Rosemary Lais , Chaves Carla Silva , Pereira Dalton Henrique
Published: December 2024

In recent years, agricultural production systems have intensified, making it necessary to improve the food supplied to animals, where sorghum silage is one of the most commonly used roughages. The sorghum genotypes present significant differences in dry matter losses, fermentative profiles and nutritional values, allowing the identification of materials with high potential for producing high‐quality silages that meet the dietary demands of ruminants and are recommended for use. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate silages from 15 sorghum genotypes for different purposes to identify materials that could be recommended for silage production in the Amazon biome. The experiment was carried out in Sinop/MT to evaluate the fermentative characteristics and chemical composition of the sorghum silages. Fifteen sorghum genotypes, 15F30005, 15F30006, CMSXS 5027, 5030, 5043, 5045, 201934B008, CMSXS 7501, BRS 658, BRS 659, Volumax, BRS 511, BRS Ponta Negra, BRS 716 and AGRI‐002E, were ensiled in experimental silos with six replications per treatment. For the content of NH3‐N, BRS 658 and BRS 659 had the lowest average, 29.9 g NH3‐N/kg total N. The highest average dry matter content was from BRS 658, BRS 659, AGRI‐002E and BRS 716, at 295.0 g/kg. The highest average crude protein content of 78.1 g/kg dry matter (DM) was obtained from BRS658 and BRS 659. For lignin, BRS 659, Volumax, Ponta Negra, 15F30006, CMSXS 5027 and CMSXS 5030 had the lowest average value, 49.5 g/kg DM. All the genotypes evaluated presented characteristics suitable for ensiling. The materials with the highest nutritional value were the commercial varieties BRS 658, BRS 659 and Ponta Negra. The experimental varieties 15F30005, CMSXS 5027 and CMSXS 5030 demonstrated similar nutritional values to the commercial varieties, making them promising candidates for future release, commercialization and use in animal feed silage.
Involving People With Lived Experience in Electronic Health Record Database Studies Reflections and Learning From the CHOOSE Study
Authors: Cockcroft Emma , Bassi Vidhi , Mok Pearl L. H. , Adams Alex , Claro Anabel A. , Trafford Alex M. , Carr Matthew J. , Ashcroft Darren M. , Garavini Emma , Temple Rachel , Webb Roger T. , Garg Shruti , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A.
Published: December 2024

Background

Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) is integral to health research. Reporting of PPIE methods and impact is becoming increasingly common in health research. However, reporting on PPIE in studies using large, routinely collected electronic health record data sets is less common. Anecdotal evidence suggests that involvement in this research context is more challenging and offers fewer opportunities for meaningful influence on the research process.

Objectives

This paper reports the involvement approach for a Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) study and critically reflects on the process and impact of involving young people, parents and carers in research using this UK primary care electronic health record data set.

Methods

The CHOOSE study investigated mental health diagnoses of children and young people (1–24 years) during the COVID‐19 pandemic using the CPRD. The study was informed by a Lived Experience Advisory Panel (LEAP) which consisted of 13 members including 8 young people (13–25 years) with lived experience of mental health difficulties and 5 parents/carers, with involvement activities facilitated by project partners, mental health research charity, The McPinR Foundation. We reflect on this process in this manuscript.

Results

Key benefits of involving people with lived experience in this research included making sense of and contextualising findings and ensuring that they were focused on making a difference to young people's lives. Challenges included the fixed nature of the CPRD data, which did not capture all the information people with lived experience perceived to be important. Researchers expressed limited time for PPIE activities although that was compensated by McPin colleagues who organised and facilitated online meetings, and supported the young people, parents and carers during and between meetings.

Conclusions

This paper describes an approach to patient and public involvement in an electronic health record database study. Working collaboratively with young people, carers and other stakeholders requires sufficient time and adequate resources. We also highlight the importance of appropriate training and support and being transparent about the limitations of PPIE involvement.

Patient or Public Contribution

Three members of the CHOOSE LEAP have been involved in conceptualising and writing this paper.
Changing Behaviour by Adding an Option
Authors: Fuchs Lukas
Published: December 2024

Adding an option is a neglected mechanism for bringing about behavioural change. This mechanism is distinct from nudges, which are changes in the choice architecture, and instead makes it possible to pursue republican paternalism, a unique form of paternalism in which choices are changed by expanding people's set of options. I argue that this is truly a form of paternalism (albeit a relatively soft one) and illustrate some of its manifestations in public policy, specifically public options and market creation. Furthermore, I compare it with libertarian paternalism on several dimensions, namely respect for individuals' agency, effectiveness, and efficiency. Finally, I consider whether policymakers have the necessary knowledge to successfully change behaviour by adding options. Given that adding an option has key advantages over nudges in most if not all of these dimensions, it should be considered indispensable in the behavioural policymaker's toolbox.
Relationship between the progression of diabetic polyneuropathy and impaired circadian blood pressure variability
Authors: Yamagami Dai , Deguchi Takahisa , Arimura Aiko , Nishio Yoshihiko
Published: December 2024

Aims/Introduction

We evaluated the 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data of patients to investigate the relationship between the progression of diabetic polyneuropathy and impaired circadian blood pressure variability.

Materials and Methods

This study included 154 patients with diabetes who were hospitalized for hyperglycemic control. Routine biochemical and hematological tests, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, screening for diabetic complications, nerve conduction studies, and Holter electrocardiography were carried out on all patients. They were classified according to the Baba classification and the clinical staging for diabetic polyneuropathy, and their ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data were compared.

Results

The patients were classified into stages 0 (n = 64), I (n = 42), II (n = 24), III (n = 11) and IV (n = 13) according to the Baba classification. As the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy progressed, the degree of nocturnal blood pressure reduction decreased and the percentage of patients with riser‐type impaired circadian blood pressure variability increased. Similar results were observed in patients classified according to the clinical staging for diabetic polyneuropathy. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the severity of diabetic neuropathy and urinary albumin excretion were independently associated with the percentage of patients with riser‐type. However, the adjusted odds ratio was the highest for Baba class I and decreased with increasing severity.

Conclusions

Patients with progressive diabetic polyneuropathy and renal impairment often show impaired circadian blood pressure variability. The progression of electrophysiological and clinical neuropathy is associated with riser‐type circadian blood pressure variability independent of urinary albumin excretion, insulin therapy, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor medication and body mass index.
Altered metabolic function induced by Aβ‐oligomers and PSEN1 mutations in iPSC‐derived astrocytes
Authors: Elsworthy Richard J. , Finelli Mattea J. , Aqattan Sarah , Dunleavy Connor , King Marianne , Ludlam Adele , Tarczyluk Marta A. , Allen Sophie L. , Prosser Sophie , Chen Rui , Jarquin Sandra Martinez , Kim Dong H. , Brown James , Parri H. R. , Aldred Sarah , Hill Eric J.
Published: December 2024

Altered energy metabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major pathological hallmark implicated in the early stages of the disease process. Astrocytes play a central role in brain homeostasis and are implicated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Although numerous studies have investigated global changes in brain metabolism, redox status, gene expression and epigenetic markers in AD, the intricate interplay between different metabolic processes, particularly in astrocytes, remains poorly understood. Numerous studies have implicated amyloid‐β and the amyloid‐β precursor in the development and progression of AD. To determine the effects of amyloid‐β peptides or the impact of amyloid‐β precursor protein processing on astrocyte metabolism, we differentiated astrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from people with early onset familial AD and controls. This study demonstrates that familial AD‐derived astrocytes exhibit significantly more changes in their metabolism including glucose uptake, glutamate uptake and lactate release, with increases in oxidative and glycolytic metabolism compared to acute amyloid‐β exposure. In addition to changes in major metabolic pathways including glutamate, purine and arginine metabolism and the citric acid cycle, we demonstrate evidence of gliosis in familial AD astrocytes highlighting a potential pathological hallmark. This suggests that chronic alterations in metabolism may occur very early in the disease process and present significant risk factors for disease progression for patients with early onset AD. These findings may also reveal important drivers of disease in late onset dementia and highlights key targets for potential diagnostic features and therapeutic agents in the future.

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Performance and durability of additively and subtractively manufactured resin‐based onlay restorations after thermomechanical aging
Authors: Güven Mehmet Esad , Donmez Mustafa Borga , Tezcan Ayyüce Nur , Yoon Hyung‐In , Yilmaz Burak , Çakmak Gülce
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of material type on dimensional stability, occlusal surface wear, fracture resistance, and failure behavior of resin‐based onlay restorations.

Material and Methods

A mandibular right first molar typodont was prepared and digitized using an intraoral scanner to virtually design an onlay restoration with the minimum occlusal thickness of 1.5 mm. Resin‐based onlay restorations (n = 15 per group) were fabricated either additively from 2 different resins indicated either for definitive or interim use or subtractively with a composite resin. After cementing onlays to corresponding dies, each of them was digitized before and after thermomechanical aging (B‐STL and A‐STL), and then subjected to load‐to‐failure test to evaluate fracture resistance. The B‐STL and A‐STL of each onlay were also compared to assess the dimensional stability and occlusal surface wear. One‐way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference tests were used to evaluate dimensional stability, occlusal surface wear, and fracture resistance. The chi‐square test was used to evaluate the Weibull modulus and characteristic strength among the groups (α = 0.05).

Results

Material type affected investigated outcomes (p < 0.001). The additively manufactured resin indicated for definitive use led to the highest external surface deviations and the additively manufactured resin indicated for interim use led to the highest mesiodistal width deviations (p ≤ 0.033). The onlays fabricated from the additively manufactured resin indicated for definitive use had the highest occlusal surface wear, while those in composite resin had the lowest (p ≤ 0.006). The composite resin onlays had the highest fracture resistance values and reliability (p ≤ 0.035).

Conclusions

Tested subtractively manufactured composite resin had the lowest occlusal surface wear with the highest fracture resistance and reliability. Additively manufactured resins had lower dimensional stability, while tested resin for additively manufactured definitive restorations had the highest occlusal surface wear.
Skeletal Phenotyping of Period‐1‐Deficient Melatonin‐Proficient Mice
Authors: Bahlmann Olaf , Taheri Shahed , Spaeth Manuela , Schröder Katrin , Schilling Arndt F. , Dullin Christian , Maronde Erik
Published: December 2024

In mice, variability in adult bone size and density has been observed among common inbred strains. Also, in the group of genes regulating circadian rhythmicity in mice, so called clock genes, changes in body size and skeletal parameters have been noted in knockout mice. Here, we studied the size and density of prominent bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton of clock gene Period‐1‐deficient (Per1‐/‐) mice by means of microcomputed tomography. Our data show shorter spinal length, smaller and less dense femora and tibiae, but no significant changes in the shape of the skull and the length of the head. Together with the significantly lower total body weight of Per1‐/‐ mice, we conclude that Per1‐deficiency in a melatonin‐proficient mouse strain is associated with an altered body phenotype with smaller appendicular (hind limb) bone size, shorter spine length and lower total body weight while normal head length and brain weight. The observed changes suggest an involvement of secondary bone mineralisation with impact on long bones, but lesser impact on those of the skull. Evidence and overall physiological implications of these findings are discussed.
Inflation Persistence in the G7: The Effects of the Covid‐19 Pandemic and of the Russia‐Ukraine War
Authors: Usman Nuruddeen , Gil‐Alana Luis Alberiko
Published: December 2024

This note analyses how shocks caused by the Covid‐19 and the Russia‐Ukraine crisis impact on inflation persistence G7 countries. Using data ending at December‐2019, high estimates of the persistence parameter d indicate a strong persistence of inflation. The unit root hypothesis could not be refuted for Germany, Japan, and the United States, while this hypothesis is rejected in favour of higher orders of integration in the remaining cases. Expanding the dataset to include the pandemic and the Russia‐Ukraine crisis reveal that d‐values remain significantly elevated across all countries, reinforcing the persistence of inflation. Interestingly, Canada, previously excluded from the group, now aligns with Germany, Japan, and the United States. This suggests a change in inflation dynamics for Canada during these extraordinary periods. Additionally, employing a recursive estimate reveals a slight increase in inflation persistence for most countries, except Japan, which exhibits an almost flat trend in the evolution of the differencing parameter.
The Fixed or Variable Rate Loan Decision: Which Small Businesses Prefer the Certainty of Fixed Rate Loans and Which Banks Offer Them?
Authors: Cowling Marc , Wong Kit Pong
Published: December 2024

If a small business expects that interest rates will rise in the future then it is rational to insure oneself against this by accepting a fixed rate loan. In addition, small firms may prefer the certainty of fixed interest payments throughout the term of a loan. However, banks may prefer to offer variable rate loans as this insures them against volatility and uncertainty of their funding cost and shifts risk to the borrower. In this paper we empirically analyse what types of lending institutions offer fixed rate loans and what types of small firms accept them using a large UK data set from 2009–2020 covering government guaranteed loans. We initially found that fixed rate loans are more expensive than variable rate loans on average, and that larger firms and those taking out longer maturity loans were more likely to take out fixed rate loans. In contrast, larger size loans were more likely to be issued on a variable interest rate and by a larger lending institution. As large banks made greater returns from fixed rate loans, they increased use of them over the decade to favoured borrowers suggesting that regret aversion also played a role in the bank's decision and also that macroeconomic conditions were improving after the Global Financial Crisis.
Integrating digital technologies into teaching embodied knowledge in the context of physical examination
Authors: Lees Jessica , Risǿr Torsten , Sweet Linda , Bearman Margaret
Published: December 2024

Background

There is a growing presence of digital technologies in clinical learning environments. However, there is little research into how such technologies shape embodied teaching and learning for health professional students. This study aims to explore current teaching practices in health disciplines to illuminate how digital technologies are used to facilitate the development of embodied knowledge during student learning of physical examination.

Methods

A qualitative interpretive approach was undertaken, sensitised by body pedagogics as a theoretical frame. In‐depth interviews with 18 clinical educators across the disciplines of medicine, physiotherapy, midwifery and nursing were held. These interviews explored their current practices for teaching physical examination. The data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis combined with a ‘thinking with theory’ approach, in which the theoretical framework of body pedagogics was central to guiding the reflexive and interpretative process.

Results

We interpreted a framework of five approaches where digital technologies are used to develop bodily knowledge: for sensate knowing; for modelling; for rehearsing; for guiding practice and for providing feedback information.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that in current teaching practices, digital technology may be used to facilitate multiple essential elements of physical examination instruction. We conceptualised a framework that extends body pedagogics, where we recognise the multiple roles of digital technology for developing bodily knowledge in the context of physical examination.
“Creation” of new possibilities in museum collections—Tamara Cardinal's jingle dress and its potential to disrupt hegemony in museum collections
Authors: Foote Amanda
Published: December 2024

This article explores the ways a work by Nêhiyaw (Cree) artist Tamara Cardinal (including performance art and a material item: a jingle dress with natural clay cones) takes an active role in transforming museum collection management. I argue that Cardinal's art, taken in context of Indigenous and museum interaction and some movements in performance art, transforms museum practice through its collection as a work of art.
Immigrant IT Workers' Experiences With Remote Work: Temporal, Spatial, and Ideological Dimensions of Paid/Unpaid Work and Care
Authors: de Laat Kim
Published: December 2024

This article examines immigrant IT workers' experiences with remote work. Through interviews with 21 immigrant IT employees, I find that remote work is used to bridge care/work obligations. Bridging occurs spatially, for example, when working from home enables family members to return to countries of origin for extended periods of time. And bridging occurs ideologically, by enabling remote workers to enact gendered self‐concepts that may be otherwise challenging to achieve. For women, this means they can maintain focus on paid work, while for men, it means engaging in involved fatherhood by taking on more childcare duties. These findings enhance the social shaping of technology perspective by delineating immigrants' gendered relationships with ICT‐mediated remote work, and the intricacies of time use. While ICT‐mediated remote work is conferred on individual employees, it is used to allocate a variety of (unpaid) care relations, both intra‐ and inter‐household. Remote work is not merely an individual‐level experience, and preferences for and against it may be incidental, in the case of immigrants. Rather it is necessary for many to bridge care/work gaps shaped by immigrants' experiences.
Stable isotope tempestology of tropical cyclones across the North Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Ocean basins
Authors: Sánchez‐Murillo Ricardo , Herrera Dimitris A. , Farrick Kegan K. , Esquivel‐Hernández Germain , Sánchez‐Gutiérrez Rolando , Barberena‐Moncada Javier , Guatemala‐Herrera Jorge , Flores‐Meza Yelba , Cerón‐Pineda Roberto , Gil‐Urrutia Laura , Cardona‐Hernández Jorge , Peña‐Paz Tania , Hernández‐Ortiz Junior O. , Harrison‐Smith Wendy , Marshall Geoffrey , Persoiu Aurel , Pérez‐Quezadas Juan , Mejía‐González Miguel , González‐Hita Luis , de Calderón Marcia Barrera , García‐Moya Alejandro , Hernández Debora , Welsh Kristen , Price Rene M. , Riveros‐Iregui Diego A. , Voarintsoa Ny Riavo G. , Bregy Joshua C. , Sánchez‐Llull Minerva , Alonso‐Hernández Carlos , Santos‐García Saúl , Durán‐Quesada Ana M. , Birkel Christian , Boll Jan , Cobb Kim M. , Obando‐Amador Adrián F. , Vargas‐Azofeifa Ingrid M. , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Soulsby Chris , Dee Sylvia G.
Published: December 2024

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the major natural hazards to island and coastal communities and ecosystems. However, isotopic compositions of TC‐derived precipitation (P) in surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) reservoirs are still lacking. We tested the three main assumptions of the isotope storm “spike” hypothesis (sudden spikes in isotopic ratios). Our database covers 40 TCs and is divided into recent (N = 778; 2012–2023) and archived (N = 236; 1984–1995) rainfall isotope observations and SW/GW isotope monitoring (N = 6013; 2014–2023). Seasonal rainfall contribution from TCs ranged from less than 1% to over 54% (4% on average) between 1984 and 2023. Mean δ18O compositions across TCs domains were significantly lower than the regional (noncyclonic) δ18O mean (−5.24 ± 4.27‰): maritime (−6.29 ± 3.28‰), coastal (−7.78 ± 4.28‰), and inland (−9.80 ± 5.18‰) values. Coastal and maritime TC convection resulted in large rainfall amounts with high isotope compositions. This could bias past climate reconstructions toward unrealistic drier conditions. Significant δ18O and d‐excess differences were found between storm intensities. P/SW and P/GW isotope ratios revealed the rapid propagation of TC excursions in freshwater systems. Our findings highlight the potential of TC isotope observations for diagnosing intensity and frequency in paleoproxies beyond idealized TC models.
Characterization of a tomato chlh mis‐sense mutant reveals a new function of ChlH in fruit ripening
Authors: Xu Dawei , Lin Li , Liu Xiaorui , Wangzha MeLongying , Pang Xiaoqing , Feng Liping , Wan Bingbing , Wu Guo‐Zhang , Yu Jingquan , Rochaix Jean‐David , Grimm Bernhard , Yin Ruohe
Published: December 2024

Tomato fruit ripening is a complex developmental process that is important for fruit quality and shelf life. Many factors, including ethylene and several key transcription factors, have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of tomato fruit ripening. However, our understanding of the regulation of tomato fruit ripening is still limited. Here, we describe mut26, an EMS‐induced tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutant that exhibits chlorophyll‐deficient phenotypes in various organs, including fruits. Genetic mapping and functional analyses revealed that a single‐nucleotide substitution and a corresponding Pro398–>Ser mis‐sense mutation in SlChlH (GENOMES UNCOUPLED 5, GUN5), which encodes the H subunit of magnesium chelatase, are responsible for the defects in the mut26 strain. Transcript analyses towards the expression of many SlPhANGs revealed that mut26 is defective in plastid retrograde signalling during tomato fruit ripening initiation, namely the transition from mature green to breaker stage. mut26 exhibits delayed progression of fruit ripening characterized by reduced fruit ethylene emission, increased fruit firmness, reduced carotenoid content and delayed plastid conversion from chloroplast to chromoplast. Given that fruit ripening requires signalling from plastids to nucleus, these data support the hypothesis that GUN5‐mediated plastid retrograde signalling promotes tomato fruit ripening. We further showed that the delayed fruit ripening of mut26 is not likely caused by reduced chlorophyll content. Taken together, we identified a new function of SlChlH in the promotion of tomato fruit ripening and ethylene biosynthesis, suggesting that GUN5‐mediated plastid retrograde signalling plays a promotive role in tomato fruit ripening.
CCT39 Transcription Factor Promotes Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Photosynthesis in Poplar
Authors: Chen Hao , Wu Wenqi , Du Kang , Yang Jun , Kang Xiangyang
Published: December 2024

Chlorophyll serves as a crucial pigment in plants, essential for photosynthesis, growth, and development. Our previous study has shown that PpnCCT39 can increase leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate in poplar. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we observed that overexpression of PpnCCT39 not only elevates chlorophyll content and photosynthesis, but also induces alterations in leaf morphology, basal diameter, and chloroplast structure. By performing RNA‐seq on terminal buds and leaves at leaf positions 1, 3, 5, and 10, we determined that PpnCCT39 predominantly exerts its effects in young leaves. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP‐seq) performed on PpnCCT39‐overexpressing poplars identified 17 194 potential regulatory target genes. By integrating RNA‐seq and ChIP‐seq datasets along with validation assays for protein‐DNA interactions, we determined that PpnCCT39 directly stimulated the transcription of three key genes involved in the chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis pathways: PagHO1, PagLIL3, and PagPYG7. Furthermore, protein interaction assays revealed that PpnCCT39 interacts with PagRD19 and PagATP2, localized in vesicles and mitochondria respectively, with these interactions occurring within chloroplasts. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which the PpnCCT39 transcription factor in poplar promotes chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis. It also highlights the critical role of PpnCCT39 in nucleocytoplasmic interactions. These findings underscore the significance of PpnCCT39 in regulating chlorophyll biosynthesis and enhancing photosynthesis through molecular design.
Optimising Outbreak Investigation, Surveillance and Discovery of Pathogens in Aquaculture Using Unbiased Metatranscriptomics
Authors: Costa Vincenzo A. , Whittington Richard J. , Caraguel Charles , Becker Joy A. , Wiley Kerrie E. , Huynh Christine , Carson Jeremy , Samsing Francisca
Published: December 2024

Emerging infectious diseases are a major threat to global aquaculture production and are projected to increase in frequency due to anthropogenic stressors and climate change. Our ability to screen the global aquatic ‘infectome’ is dramatically improving through unbiased metatranscriptomic (i.e., total RNA) sequencing. Despite recent advances in molecular diagnostics and next‐generation sequencing, outbreak investigation in aquaculture often encounters limitations due to the targeted nature of conventional techniques, which may only capture a small portion of the diverse array of disease‐causing agents present in nature, sometimes requiring years to resolve. Here, we propose that unbiased metatranscriptomic sequencing serves as a cost‐effective and powerful technique for characterising pathogens during disease outbreaks and in surveillance programmes. In doing so, we offer a diagnostic framework to mitigate infectious disease threats to global aquaculture. We emphasise the importance of combining rapid metatranscriptomics with traditional techniques for a holistic examination of the causes of unknown aetiologies in aquatic animals, and how it can be used to examine host responses in parallel with pathogen discovery. We suggest that the integration of metatranscriptomics into aquaculture will require upskilling, proficiency testing, user‐friendly bioinformatic tools and open data sharing. Furthermore, it is essential to establish a reporting framework—with analytical guidelines—that ensures the protection of animal industries while safeguarding trade interests.
Managing to survive despite the weather: seeding decisions affecting simulated dryland restoration outcomes
Authors: Copeland Stella M. , Baughman Owen W. , Bradford John B. , Hardegree Stuart P. , Larson Julie E. , Schlaepfer Daniel R. , Badik Kevin J.
Published: December 2024

Limited favorable weather windows for post‐germination early seedling survival are associated with low restoration success in drylands. We examined whether post‐fire seeding decisions could alter early seedling emergence and restoration success across western North American sagebrush ecosystems with a simulation approach. Seedling emergence estimates were based on germination of a specified percentile of sown seeds followed by favorable conditions for seedling development. We asked how three categories of seeding decisions affected emergence: post‐fire seeding year, seasonal seeding delay (via seed coating technologies or later seeding timing), or native perennial grass seed source (via differing germination behavior). We also tested potential effects of mean annual precipitation on seeding decision outcomes (interactive effect) and included topographic microclimate and site (random effect) in models. Emergence was highest when the best seed source (of 10) was seeded in the best post‐fire year (of 5). High emergence also resulted from seeding in the best post‐fire year with an average seed source or seeding with the best source in the first post‐fire year. Emergence was higher overall with higher mean precipitation. Seeding decision outcomes were sensitive to annual mean precipitation, with greater differences observed due to decisions at lower precipitation levels. While sensitive to assumptions related to seedling development and germination speed, these results suggest that restoration approaches linked to germination behavior and weather variability could improve restoration success rates in variable drylands like sagebrush ecosystems.
Acceptability of Mindfulness With National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Student-Athletes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Economou Peter J. , McGehee Chad , Torres Chelsea , Anderson Scott , Sanfilippo Jennifer
Published: December 2024

Researchers have found that mindfulness meditation can reduce stress and anxiety, support physical and mental well-being, and reduce risk of injuries for student-athletes. Limited research exists on the utilization of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) with National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes; no studies on the acceptability of mindfulness with this student-athlete population have been conducted, despite the increased application of MBIs within university settings. The researchers conducted this pilot study to understand whether Division I student-athletes from a Power Five conference (now known as Power Four conferences) found MBIs acceptable. Two-thirds of the sample believed that MBIs were acceptable. This acceptance spanned across sport and gender, although there were no statistically significant differences between groups. Implications from this pilot study call for the consideration of integration of MBIs into the organizational, team, and sport culture and further support the use of MBIs with National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes.
Identification of antigen-presenting cell–T cell interactions driving immune responses to food
Authors: Canesso Maria C. C. , Castro Tiago B. R. , Nakandakari-Higa Sandra , Lockhart Ainsley , Luehr Julia , Bortolatto Juliana , Parsa Roham , Esterházy Daria , Lyu Mengze , Liu Tian-Tian , Murphy Kenneth M. , Sonnenberg Gregory F. , Reis Bernardo S. , Victora Gabriel D. , Mucida Daniel
Published: December 2024

The intestinal immune system must concomitantly tolerate food and commensals and protect against pathogens. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) orchestrate these immune responses by presenting luminal antigens to CD4
+
T cells and inducing their differentiation into regulatory (pTreg) or inflammatory (Th) subsets. We used a proximity labeling method (LIPSTIC) to identify APCs that presented dietary antigens under tolerizing and inflammatory conditions and understand cellular mechanisms by which tolerance to food is induced and can be disrupted by infection. Helminth infections disrupted tolerance induction proportionally to the reduction in the ratio between tolerogenic APCs, including migratory dendritic cells (cDC1s) and Rorγt
+
APCs, and inflammatory APCs, that were primarily cDC2s. These inflammatory cDC2s expanded by helminth infection did not present dietary antigens, thus avoiding diet-specific Th2 responses.
Quantum collective motion of macroscopic mechanical oscillators
Authors: Chegnizadeh Mahdi , Scigliuzzo Marco , Youssefi Amir , Kono Shingo , Guzovskii Evgenii , Kippenberg Tobias J.
Published: December 2024

Collective phenomena arise from interactions within complex systems, leading to behaviors absent in individual components. Observing quantum collective phenomena with macroscopic mechanical oscillators has been impeded by the stringent requirement that oscillators be identical. We demonstrate the quantum regime for collective motion of
N
= 6 mechanical oscillators, a hexamer, in a superconducting circuit optomechanical platform. By increasing the optomechanical couplings, the system transitions from individual to collective motion, characterized by a

N

enhancement of cavity-collective mode coupling, akin to superradiance of atomic ensembles. Using sideband cooling, we prepare the collective mode in the quantum ground state and measure its quantum sideband asymmetry, with zero-point motion distributed across distant oscillators. This regime of optomechanics opens avenues for studying multipartite entanglement, with potential advances in quantum metrology.
In Other Journals
Authors: Vignieri Sacha , Yeston Jake S. , Jin Sumin , Wible Brad , Uzogara Ekeoma , Seale Madeleine , Hurtley Stella M.
Published: December 2024

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
Mysterious radio pulses traced to dance of stellar dwarfs
Authors: Clery Daniel
Published: December 2024

Languorous cosmic beats could be generated by magnetic forces between orbiting stars