bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryptographic Cloud Computing Environment as a More Trusted Communication Environment
Authors: Jasim Omer K. , Abbas Safia , El-Horbaty El-Sayed M. , Salem Abdel-Badeeh M.
Published: September 2014

Cloud Communication Environment is an internet-based computing, where shared resources, software, and information are provided with computers and devices on-demand. They guarantee a way to share distributed resources and services that belong to different organizations. In order to develop cloud computing applications, security and trust to share data through distributed resources must be assured. This paper offers a study of the different mechanisms used in open cloud environments such as keys generation and management, and encryption/decryption algorithms. In addition, the paper proposes a new cryptographic environment, annotated as “CCCE” that deploys the combination between quantum key distribution mechanisms (QKD) and advanced encryption standard (AES), and demonstrates how quantum mechanics can be applied to improve computation.
Introducing Healthcare System Change Strategies to Policy Makers in the Open Society and Digital Environment
Authors: Bourek Aleš
Published: September 2014

Information Society the authors are a part of is the environment requesting paradigm changes in many areas of their thinking and doing. Improvement of the functionality of healthcare systems and the success of implemented strategies is a function of the volatility of the environment where they are implemented and is extremely dependent on unexpected turning points. All healthcare projects always become a policy. The difference lies only in the size of the network that is affected and in the duration of the effect. The policy (learned and accepted code of attitudes, conduct and possibly of behavior) will initially affect only the population, which formed a part of the policy setting activity (project, training). Based on 22 policies oriented projects the author participated in years 1993-2013 and illustrated in three commented projects the acknowledgement and adoption of principles, processes and attitudes found beneficial for successful policy implementation in various healthcare environments is presented.
Different Antigen-Processing Activities in Dendritic Cells, Macrophages, and Monocytes Lead to Uneven Production of HIV Epitopes and Affect CTL Recognition
Authors: Dinter Jens , Gourdain Pauline , Lai Nicole Y. , Duong Ellen , Bracho-Sanchez Edith , Rucevic Marijana , Liebesny Paul H. , Xu Yang , Shimada Mariko , Ghebremichael Musie , Kavanagh Daniel G. , Le Gall Sylvie
Published: September 2014

Dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages (MPs), and monocytes are permissive to HIV. Whether they similarly process and present HIV epitopes to HIV-specific CD8 T cells is unknown despite the critical role of peptide processing and presentation for recognition and clearance of infected cells. Cytosolic peptidases degrade endogenous proteins originating from self or pathogens, exogenous Ags preprocessed in endolysosomes, thus shaping the peptidome available for endoplasmic reticulum translocation, trimming, and MHC-I presentation. In this study, we compared the capacity of DCs, MPs, and monocyte cytosolic extracts to produce epitope precursors and epitopes. We showed differences in the proteolytic activities and expression levels of cytosolic proteases between monocyte-derived DCs and MPs and upon maturation with LPS, R848, and CL097, with mature MPs having the highest activities. Using cytosol as a source of proteases to degrade epitope-containing HIV peptides, we showed by mass spectrometry that the degradation patterns of long peptides and the kinetics and amount of antigenic peptides produced differed among DCs, MPs, and monocytes. Additionally, variable intracellular stability of HIV peptides prior to loading onto MHC may accentuate the differences in epitope availability for presentation by MHC-I between these subsets. Differences in peptide degradation led to 2- to 25-fold differences in the CTL responses elicited by the degradation peptides generated in DCs, MPs, and monocytes. Differences in Ag-processing activities between these subsets might lead to variations in the timing and efficiency of recognition of HIV-infected cells by CTLs and contribute to the unequal capacity of HIV-specific CTLs to control viral load.
IL-5 Triggers a Cooperative Cytokine Network That Promotes Eosinophil Precursor Maturation
Authors: Fulkerson Patricia C. , Schollaert Kaila L. , Bouffi Carine , Rothenberg Marc E.
Published: September 2014

Eosinophils originate in the bone marrow from an eosinophil lineage–committed, IL-5Rα–positive, hematopoietic progenitor (eosinophil progenitor). Indeed, IL-5 is recognized as a critical regulator of eosinophilia and has effects on eosinophil progenitors, eosinophil precursors, and mature eosinophils. However, substantial levels of eosinophils remain after IL-5 neutralization or genetic deletion, suggesting that there are alternative pathways for promoting eosinophilia. In this study, we investigated the contributory role of IL-5 accessory cytokines on the final stages of eosinophil differentiation. IL-5 stimulation of low-density bone marrow cells resulted in expression of a panel of cytokines and cytokine receptors, including several ligand–receptor pairs. Notably, IL-4 and IL-4Rα were expressed by eosinophil precursors and mature eosinophils. Signaling through IL-4Rα promoted eosinophil maturation when IL-5 was present, but IL-4 stimulation in the absence of IL-5 resulted in impaired eosinophil survival, suggesting that IL-4 cooperates with IL-5 to promote eosinophil differentiation. In contrast, CCL3, an eosinophil precursor–produced chemokine that signals through CCR1, promotes terminal differentiation of CCR1-positive eosinophil precursors in the absence of IL-5, highlighting an autocrine loop capable of sustaining eosinophil differentiation. These findings suggest that brief exposure to IL-5 is sufficient to initiate a cytokine cooperative network that promotes eosinophil differentiation of low-density bone marrow cells independent of further IL-5 stimulation.
Clinical and Serologic Parallels to APS-I in Patients with Thymomas and Autoantigen Transcripts in Their Tumors
Authors: Wolff Anette S. B. , Kärner Jaanika , Owe Jone F. , Oftedal Bergithe E. V. , Gilhus Nils Erik , Erichsen Martina M. , Kämpe Olle , Meager Anthony , Peterson Pärt , Kisand Kai , Willcox Nick , Husebye Eystein S.
Published: September 2014

Patients with the autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS-I), caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene, and myasthenia gravis (MG) with thymoma, show intriguing but unexplained parallels. They include uncommon manifestations like autoimmune adrenal insufficiency (AI), hypoparathyroidism, and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis plus autoantibodies neutralizing IL-17, IL-22, and type I IFNs. Thymopoiesis in the absence of AIRE is implicated in both syndromes. To test whether these parallels extend further, we screened 247 patients with MG, thymoma, or both for clinical features and organ-specific autoantibodies characteristic of APS-I patients, and we assayed 26 thymoma samples for transcripts for AIRE and 16 peripheral tissue-specific autoantigens (TSAgs) by quantitative PCR. We found APS-I–typical autoantibodies and clinical manifestations, including chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, AI, and asplenia, respectively, in 49 of 121 (40%) and 10 of 121 (8%) thymoma patients, but clinical features seldom occurred together with the corresponding autoantibodies. Both were rare in other MG subgroups (n = 126). In 38 patients with APS-I, by contrast, we observed neither autoantibodies against muscle Ags nor any neuromuscular disorders. Whereas relative transcript levels for AIRE and 7 of 16 TSAgs showed the expected underexpression in thymomas, levels were increased for four of the five TSAgs most frequently targeted by these patients’ autoantibodies. Therefore, the clinical and serologic parallels to APS-I in patients with thymomas are not explained purely by deficient TSAg transcription in these aberrant AIRE-deficient tumors. We therefore propose additional explanations for the unusual autoimmune biases they provoke. Thymoma patients should be monitored for potentially life-threatening APS-I manifestations such as AI and hypoparathyroidism.
Developing a Framework for Ankle Function: A Delphi Study
Authors: Snyder Kelli R. , Evans Todd A. , Neibert Peter J.
Published: September 2014

Context:

Addressing clinical outcomes is paramount to providing effective health care, yet there is no consensus regarding the appropriate outcomes to address after ankle injuries. Compounding the problem is the repetitive nature of lateral ankle sprains, referred to as functional (FAI) or chronic (CAI) ankle instability. Although they are commonly used terms in practice and research, FAI and CAI are inconsistently defined and assessed.

Objective:

To establish definitions of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle, FAI, and CAI, as well as their characteristics and assessment techniques.

Design:

Delphi study.

Setting:

Telephone interviews and electronic surveys.

Patients or Other Participants:

Sixteen experts representing the fields of ankle function and treatment, ankle research, and outcomes assessment and research were selected as panelists.

Data Collection and Analysis:

A telephone interview produced feedback regarding the definition of, functional characteristics of, and assessment techniques for a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle, an unhealthy/acutely injured ankle, and FAI/CAI. Those data were compiled, reduced, and returned through electronic surveys and were either included by reaching consensus (80% agreement) or excluded.

Results:

The definitions of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle and FAI reached consensus. Experts did not agree on a definition of CAI. Eleven functional characteristics of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle, 32 functional characteristics of an unhealthy/acutely injured ankle, and 13 characteristics of FAI were agreed upon.

Conclusions:

Although a consensus was reached regarding the definitions and functional characteristics of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle and FAI, the experts could only agree on 1 characteristic to include in the FAI definition. Several experts did, however, provide additional comments that reinforced the differences in the interpretation of those concepts. Although the experts could not agree on the definition of CAI, its characteristics, or the preferred use of the terms FAI and CAI, our findings provide progress toward establishing consistency in those concepts.
Experiential Learning on an Alternative Practice Education Placement: Student Reflections on Entry-Level Competency, Personal Growth, and Future Practice
Authors: Knightbridge Lisa
Published: September 2014

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to understand the experiential learning that occurred on an alternative practice education placement and the impact on entry-level competency development, personal growth, and future practice for the student.

Method:

A quantitative content-analysis research design was used to analyse the reflective practice journals of 14 students undertaking a project-style practice education placement. 346 meaning units were sorted into three predetermined content areas – personal growth, entry-level competency, and influence on future practice – then further coded and grouped into subcategories. Frequencies and relative proportions across content areas, subcategories, and reflection points were calculated.

Findings:

Sixteen subcategories were combined into seven categories: life's like that; about me; achievement; occupational therapy process; communication and partnerships; professional practice behaviours and responsibilities; and potentials of practice. 57% of all meaning units related to entry-level competencies. Changes in reflections over time suggested a developing understanding of this occupational therapy role and of newly emerging practice areas, as well as an expanded vision of career possibilities.

Conclusions:

Findings of this study have implications for occupational therapy educators when designing and choosing alternative practice education placements to achieve entry-level competencies, future practice choice, and personal growth outcomes for students.
Quality and Effectiveness of Clinical Supervision: Evaluation of An Occupational Therapy Service
Authors: Ayres Joe , Watkeys Flippa , Carthy John
Published: September 2014

Occupational therapy was a comparatively early adopter of clinical supervision, the value of which has been publicly endorsed by the College of Occupational Therapists. This practice analysis explores the quality and effectiveness of the clinical supervision received by occupational therapists working for the West London Mental Health Trust through the use of a descriptive qualitative survey using the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale. Results indicate that the range for all the sub-sets were consistently high. The total Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale score was 142.9, which indicates demonstrable efficacy of clinical supervision had been achieved.
Return to Work after Stroke: Recording, Measuring, and Describing Occupational Therapy Intervention
Authors: Grant Mary , Radford Kathryn , Sinclair Emma , Walker Marion
Published: September 2014

Introduction:

Existing research on vocational rehabilitation following stroke has been criticised for not describing intervention in sufficient detail for replication or clinical implementation. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of recording and measuring the content of an early stroke-specific vocational rehabilitation intervention delivered to participants in a feasibility randomized controlled trial, using a proforma previously developed for a study of vocational rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury.

Method:

The proforma was adapted for use in stroke with input from an expert panel and was used to record intervention content, in 10-minute units, following each intervention session.

Findings:

Twenty-five people, working or in education at the time of stroke, participated in the study. Two thirds of the therapists' time was spent in face-to-face contact (43%) and liaison with the patient and others (20%). Intervention mainly focused on work preparation (21%) and the return to work process (24%). The remaining time was consumed by administration (19%) and travel (18%).

Conclusion:

The proforma was quick and easy to use and captured the main focus of intervention. This study suggests that it can be used to record stroke-specific vocational rehabilitation intervention content and has potential for wider use in research and clinical practice.
Daily Task Performance and Information Processing among People with Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls: A Comparative Study
Authors: Aubin Ginette , Lamoureux Julie , Gélinas Isabelle , Chapparo Christine , Stip Emmanuel , Rainville Constant
Published: September 2014

Introduction:

Many individuals with schizophrenia have information processing difficulties. This study investigated the use of information processing skills during the performance of a daily task by participants with schizophrenia and compared it to that of participants without a psychiatric diagnosis. Studies comparing similar groups found differences in the number and types of errors. However, there is limited knowledge about the related problematic information processing skills. This information could help to better pinpoint the needs of this group of clients.

Method:

Participants were paired based on age and gender. Information processing skills were assessed with the Perceive, Recall, Plan, and Perform system of task analysis. Generalized linear mixed models were used to compare both groups.

Results:

Individuals with schizophrenia made more accuracy errors and had more difficulties when attending and gathering information and when planning was required during the task. They were also more cognitively impaired than the comparison group.

Conclusion:

The large number of accuracy errors may result from specific skills deficits that impact on other processing skills or from a general vulnerability affecting most processing skills. In future studies, the influence of employment and of the social environment of housing on task performance should be investigated.
Systematic Reviews of Occupational Therapy Interventions: Summarizing Research Evidence and Highlighting the Gaps
Authors: Hackett Katie , Newton Julia , Rapley Tim , Deane Katherine , Deary Vincent , Ng Wan-Fai
Published: September 2014

As services are commissioned based on effectiveness, occupational therapists are under pressure to demonstrate the efficacy of their interventions. Occupational therapists also need to know that the interventions they are providing are effective. Robertson et al (2013) demonstrated that the occupational therapy literature is important for clinicians and is an essential part of their practice. However, as more research is published, it can be increasingly time-consuming and confusing for clinicians to keep abreast of the current literature. Occupational therapy-related research may be published in different forms, in a range of locations, and be of varying methodological quality. Furthermore, readily available published studies that investigate occupational therapy efficacy may not be sufficiently powered, or may lack external validity, when applied to different clinical settings. When well conducted, systematic reviews provide a useful way of synthesizing and evaluating the evidence on a particular topic and, to some extent, provide a solution to this problem. This paper focuses upon reviews of randomized controlled trials, as these provide the highest quality of evidence on the question of a particular intervention's effectiveness. The merits of reviews of qualitative studies are also considered, together with the possibility of combining more than one type of review.
Lecturas de un desencuentro : las formas de la vida social en Radiografía de la Pampa de Ezequiel Martínez Estrada
Authors: Fernández Hudson Carlos
Published: September 2014

Lecturas de un desencuentro : las formas de la vida social en Radiografía de la Pampa de Ezequiel Martínez Estrada
Mitología y religión en la narrativa de inmigración : la ilusión de el dorado en la literatura española contemporánea
Authors: Zovko Maja
Published: September 2014

Mitología y religión en la narrativa de inmigración : la ilusión de el dorado en la literatura española contemporánea
Viejas historias de castilla la vieja (1969): inserción de las paremias en el texto literario de Miguel Delibes
Authors: García Yelo Marina
Published: September 2014

Viejas historias de castilla la vieja (1969): inserción de las paremias en el texto literario de Miguel Delibes
Cognitive grammar: marking new paths in foreign language teaching
Authors: Llopis García Reyes
Published: September 2014

This article analyzes the usefulness of cognitive grammar for teaching foreign languages, also because of a growing interest for this discipline in recent years. First the author exposes an overview of cognitive grammar, a language model framed in the cognitive linguistics. Although the concept exists since the late 1980s, its applications for second language acquisition is very recent. In the second part of the article the author explains basics of the cognitive grammar, as well as its most important concepts.
Acerca de las perífrasis verbales ir y venir + gerundio en español, portugués y gallego
Authors: Markič Jasmina
Published: September 2014

Acerca de las perífrasis verbales ir y venir + gerundio en español, portugués y gallego
«De cuyo nombre no quiero acordarme»
Authors: Skubic Mitja
Published: September 2014

«De cuyo nombre no quiero acordarme»
Ejemplos de la recepción creativa de la literatura española en la literatura eslovena
Authors: Kalenić Ramšak Branka
Published: September 2014

Ejemplos de la recepción creativa de la literatura española en la literatura eslovena
Recuperando voces para la poesía española del siglo XX: la escritura en los márgenes de César Simón
Authors: Pozo Sánchez Begoña
Published: September 2014

La poesía de César Simón sigue habitando una difícil posición en los márgenes. Si bien es reconocida por distinguidos críticos y poetas como una de las obras más personales y lúcidas de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, su presencia en estudios literarios y críticos es todavía hoy prácticamente inexistente. El silencio obstinado que se cierne sobre la obra simoniana es consecuencia de su difícil adscripción generacional y de la singularidad de su propuesta estética dentro del marco de la poesía española del siglo pasado. En este entorno desfavorable para la poética simoniana se ha insertado nuestro acercamiento a su obra con la finalidad de contribuir a ampliar las miradas sobre esa poesía otra que es necesaria para entender las múltiples redes del movimiento poético que forman parte de un proceso cultural y social más amplio, puesto que en la dialéctica simultánea e interdependiente de la poesía no hay centro sin periferia.
La delimitacion temporal en el verbo durar : un análisis valencial combinatorio
Authors: Berná Sicilia Celia
Published: September 2014

Este trabajo pretende efectuar, desde una perspectiva valencial-combinatoria, una descripción general de cómo se expresan en español las delimitaciones temporales en la unidad léxica durar, gracias a los datos de frecuencia y co-ocurrencia que proporciona el corpus del español de Mark Davies. El análisis de la complementación temporal en las actualizaciones discursivas de este verbo evidencia que el tiempo constituye un elemento esencial constitutivo de su significado y que, pese a que estos elementos pueden adoptar en la predicación diferentes soportes expresivos, los complementos de naturaleza temporal han de ser considerados como componentes actanciales incorporados a la valencia verbal. La visión del fenómeno de la delimitación temporal verbal desde este punto de vista permite comprobar cómo durar conceptualiza el tiempo a través de ejemplos reales de uso entresacados de la práctica discursiva, superar la concepción de las especificaciones temporales como elementos marginales de la predicación y abrir nuevas vías de investigación en la enseñanza de ELE o en el campo de la traducción automática.
El concepto de ‘tiempo’ en la fraseología española y serbia
Authors: Pejović Andjelka , Trivić Aneta
Published: September 2014

El hecho de que el español y el serbio no pertenezcan a la misma familia lingüística y de que sus culturas, por tanto, supongan ciertas diferencias, nos ha incitado a analizar las unidades fraseológicas (locuciones, en concreto) referentes al concepto de tiempo, fenómeno universal que, además, presenta muchas facetas, analizables desde distintos puntos de vista. El corpus en el que hemos basado nuestra investigación está formado por alrededor de 350 locuciones, extraídas de diferentes fuentes lexicográficas. Partimos desde una perspectiva léxico-semántica, y mediante el método del análisis contrastivo analizamos los mecanismos que estas dos lenguas emplean en la creación de locuciones que caracterizamos como temporales. Se establece una clasificación general de locuciones temporales, según el significado que presentan. Así se distinguen seis grupos de locuciones, que expresan relaciones temporales, frecuencia, duración, límites temporales, rapidez y segmentos temporales. A diferencia de estos seis grupos de locuciones cuyo significado es estrictamente temporal, también distinguimos un séptimo grupo, constituido por locuciones en la que se ve el tiempo a través del prisma de la vida humana. Aunque al principio de nuestra investigación esperábamos encontrar más diferencias respecto a las locuciones con el significado temporal, puesto que se trata de dos lenguas pertenecientes a familias lingüísticas diferentes, la investigación ha demostrado que, como en la mayoría de los casos se trata de locuciones adverbiales, que no presentan un alto grado de idiomaticidad, las dos lenguas emplean lexemas de significado temporal, por lo cual presentan algunos equivalentes, parciales. No obstante, también ocurre que ambas lenguas emplean lexemas de un mismo campo semántico (nombres de fruta o zoomorfismos, por ejemplo), pero para expresar diferentes significados temporales. Las diferencias aumentan en cuanto a las locuciones sustantivas,  adjetivas y verbales, donde el grado de idiomaticidad es más alto, porque en ellas aparecen también elementos característicos para cada cultura.
Últimamente: cambio funcional y semántico
Authors: Vidal Díez Mònica , Burguera Serra Joan G.
Published: September 2014

La vigésima segunda edición del DRAE señala que últimamente dispone de dos acepciones de tipo adverbial, a saber, una de modo, que se corresponde con «por último» y otra temporal, que enlaza con «hace poco tiempo, recientemente». Sin embargo, no es hasta la edición de 1985 cuando se introduce el valor temporal, acotado en un primer momento con la siguiente formulación: «hace poco, en el tiempo que acaba de transcurrir». Este valor, claramente central o prototípico en el español actual peninsular, contrasta, no obstante, con los valores que inicialmente asumía esta partícula. Así, últimamente equivalía a «finalmente» y «por último término», y, por lo tanto, era utilizada para insertar o bien el segmento de cierre de una cadena eventiva múltiple dispuesta en torno a criterios cronológicos, o bien como ordenador textual secuencial de elementos sin marcaje temporal .El objetivo de esta investigación se centra, pues, en analizar los cambios sufridos por la partícula hasta la consolidación de su valor temporal actual, a saber, «recientemente, de un tiempo a esta parte». Para ello se ha configurado y analizado un corpus ad hoc, formado con muestras extraídas del CORDE y del CREA de la RAE, en el cual se han cotejado (i) la relevancia entre los usos diacrónicos de últimamente y el tiempo verbal del enunciado en el que aparece, (ii) los usos como marcador discursivo de ordenación secuencial y (iii) el desplazamiento semántico de estos valores hasta alcanzar el de «recientemente, de un tiempo a esta parte». El análisis establecido pone de manifiesto el momento en el cual la partícula alcanza el valor semántico innovador y el proceso de sustitución o reducción semántica de los valores iniciales.
Mecanismos cognitivos de la expresión temporal: cambios lingüísticos en el español histórico
Authors: Vila Pujol Maria Rosa , Martínez Díaz Eva
Published: September 2014

El cambio lingüístico, atribuible a las actitudes, creencias o valoraciones del emisor en la teoría de la subjetivación, se explica a través de la progresiva subjetividad del hablante en el proceso de codificación de sus propios enunciados, dando lugar a la ampliación de los valores pragmáticos de algunos elementos léxicos y de algunas estructuras gramaticales.El objetivo de la presente comunicación es examinar cómo ciertas estructuras sintáctico-semánticas con valores estrictamente temporales del español antiguo se construyen sobre estructuras propias de la denotación espacial. El sentido más objetivo de lugar, ya sea de ubicación ya sea de dirección en un espacio, alcanza de forma gradual, a través de elementos léxicos o/y gramaticales funciones más abstractas, pragmáticas, siendo el sentido temporal uno de los significados más próximos. Estructuras del español medieval y de los siglos de oro con adverbios etimológicos de lugar o con participios o adjetivos valorativos junto al verbo estar con una preposición (a, de, en) adquieren valores temporales claros o valores, incluso, más subjetivos.
Treinta años de novela española (1980-2011)
Authors: Basanta Ángel
Published: September 2014

Treinta años de novela española (1980-2011)CONFERENCIA PLENARIA
La certeza de la existencia según la deconstrucción del tiempo pasado en Tierra de nadie de Ángel García López
Authors: Navarrete Navarrete Maria Teresa
Published: September 2014

Ángel García López consagra los versos de Tierra de Nadie a la construcción lírica de un tiempo que existió, pero que ya no está y que, en consecuencia, nos aparta de aquel territorio que estuvo pero que ya no se tiene. Dicho de otra forma, Tierra de Nadie parte de aquellos espacios que, a pesar de haber existido, el tiempo se encarga de convertir en ausentes. Sin embargo, la huida del tiempo no origina la fuga de aquello que se fue. Es aquí donde la certeza de la existencia pasada reta al yo poético. Desde esta perspectiva, nuestro trabajo pretende analizar los recursos líricos de los que se sirve Ángel García López para configurar una voz poética que busque lo poseído en lo perdido, que cruce las fronteras de la muerte en la existencia presente produciendo un universo lírico limítrofe en el que el pasado logra, en palabras de R. M. Rilke, «la mayor expresión de la vida».
«Daños, engaños y desengaños, frutos son de los años»: el valor semántico de la rima en los sonetos barrocos españoles sobre la fugacidad de la vida
Authors: Oman Špela
Published: September 2014

Uno de los temas más recurrentes del Barroco es, sin duda, el del tempus fugit que da lugar a numerosas reflexiones sobre la brevedad de la vida, la fugacidad de lo terreno y la omnipresencia de la muerte en la poesía áurea española. En los sonetos barrocos sobre la fugacidad, la obsesión barroca por el tiempo puede observarse también a nivel de la rima que, lejos de ser un mero recurso fónico y ornamental, aporta al poema un importante valor semántico. Entre palabras rimadas, como p. ej. años / daños / engaños / desengaños o mañana / vana, jornada / nada que aparecen casi de forma obsesiva a lo largo de toda la poesía barroca, se establecen vínculos semáticos que subrayan el tema principal del soneto. Del mismo modo, palabras como encina / ruina, vida / desvanecida, humano / gusano, dentro de un soneto sobre lo efímero de la vida, a pesar de la alteridad de sus significados, guardan una estrecha relación, llamando la atención sobre los efectos devastadores del fluir del tiempo. La rima funciona así como uno de los ejes del sentido y uno de los recursos para cumplir con la tendencia barroca a la unidad.
El pasado en la novela española actual: el tema de la Guerra Civil
Authors: Becerra Mayor David
Published: September 2014

En los últimos años se ha publicado, en España, un gran número de novelas sobre nuestro pasado más reciente, concretamente, sobre la Guerra Civil española. En estas novelas se acude al pasado según los siguientes enunciados:1) La novela ha interiorizado los postulados ideológicos de la posmodernidad que, desde 1989, anuncia el fin de la Historia, el ocaso de la lucha de clases y la muerte de las ideologías. Si vivimos en un tiempo no-conflictivo, habrá que acudir a nuestro pasado conflictivo para que la novela sea posible.2) Como decían Pierre Macherey y Etienne Balibar: «El mandamiento primero de la ideología literaria es: Hablaré de todas las formas de lucha de clases salvo de aquella que te determina inmediatamente». Los conflictos del pasado, narrados en las novelas, desplazan los conflictos presentes.3) El pasado aparece deshistorizado. En ningún caso se produce la noción de memoria que Walter Benjamin desarrolló en sus Tesis sobre la Historia. El pasado, tal como queda descrito en estas novelas, empaña su contemporaneidad y conlleva una pérdida de la experiencia histórica en sentido activo.
Categoría del tiempo en la historia literaria: el caso del barroco esloveno
Authors: Pregelj Barbara
Published: September 2014

El tema del tiempo es, sin duda, uno de los temas más tratados de la literatura y tema clave de algunos periodos literarios. El tiempo es también el eje central de la historia literaria. En mi ponencia trataré de destacar algunas formas que obtiene el tiempo en la historia literaria eslovena: el lineal, el paralelo, el cíclico, el que marcha atrás, el eterno y el tiempo perdido. Todas estas formas aparecen en la creación literaria y quizá precisamente por ello pueden percibirse también en algunos casos de la historia de la literatura.
Los juegos de Borges con el tiempo
Authors: Šišmišová Paulína
Published: September 2014

La preocupación por el tiempo es una de las constantes de la obra del escritor argentino Jorge Luis Borges. Los «juegos con el tiempo» forman parte indispensable de sus estrategias narrativas, tal como lo documenta también su célebre cuento «Borges y yo».En nuestra contribución nos dedicaremos a estudiar la problemática del tiempo en Borges bajo dos aspectos: el tiempo como recurso de configuración del texto narrativo y el tiempo como categoria metafísica.
Del monje ávido de lectura al apuntador idealista: los Quijotes serbios a través de los siglos
Authors: Stojanović Jasna
Published: September 2014

El estudio completo y riguroso de la influencia de Don Quijote de la Mancha en la moderna literatura serbia (siglos XVIII al XXI) revela que la huella de Cervantes ha sido patente sobre todo en el campo de la novela. Entre sendos elementos narrativos tomados de la obra cervantina por los novelistas serbios, prestados y luego reformulados, se encuentra, en primer lugar, el personaje del caballero manchego, reencarnado decenas de veces a lo largo de los siglos pasados. En esta comunicación nos proponemos analizar los personajes de varias novelas serbias escritas desde la Ilustración hasta nuestros días, cuyos protagonistas ostentan un parecido evidente con el Caballero de la Triste figura. Analizaremos su personalidad, primero registrando las semejanzas con el modelo cervantino, y luego explorando las diferencias o peculiaridades originadas por el estilo del autor, la época de su creación y/o la poética de la literatura nacional serbia. Nuestro propósito es investigar de qué manera y hasta qué punto el legado cervantino ha sido creativamente transfigurado y qué características constantes de la personalidad de Don Quijote han resistido el paso del tiempo.
Las facetas del tiempo en la prosa de Miguel Delibes
Authors: De Pieri Maria-Teresa
Published: September 2014

Con el presente estudio nos proponemos investigar la representación del tiempo y sus matices en la obra de Miguel Delibes, con particular atención a la prosa periodística y a los cuentos que el escritor vallisoletano produjo a lo largo de su intenso recorrido literario.La categoría del tiempo se relaciona en estos escritos con una idea de la existencia que sigue el ritmo cíclico de la naturaleza; un tiempo natural y mítico a la vez, un tiempo personal y colectivo, cuya fugacidad se detiene solo a través del poder eternizante de las palabras. En este sentido, la prosa breve de Delibes pretende conservar un patrimonio léxico que corre el riesgo de ser eliminado con el tiempo y con las transformaciones sociales que ello conlleva.La cuestión del tiempo abarca no solo el nivel temático y su vocabulario, sino que también irrumpe en un ámbito formal y puramente lingüístico, que intentaremos evidenciar, reflexionando sobre las particularidades de los verbos, de los adverbios y de las locuciones adverbiales, de las que la obra del escritor se alimenta de manera considerable.
Historia, memoria y biografía en El jinete polaco de Anotnio Muñoz Molina
Authors: Fuentes Kraffczyk Felipe Oliver
Published: September 2014

Los cruces y correspondencias del tiempo histórico y el tiempo biográfico es el sello característico de la ambiciosa novela de Antonio Muñoz Molina, El jinete polaco. Por intermediación del recuerdo el narrador fusiona su memoria individual en la memoria colectiva de Mágina, mítica población que sintetiza y condensa la crisis de una España atrapada en la encrucijada entre la tradición y la modernidad. De esta manera, el tiempo no avanza como un relato histórico convencional, como un conjunto de información lo suficientemente documentada y desplegada en una secuencia lineal, sino como un testimonio caótico que remueve nuevos lugares escondidos con celo dentro del yo. Dicho con otras palabras, a través de la subjetividad de un individuo que analiza en retrospectiva su experiencia personal, irrumpe en paralelo un mosaico fragmentario del pasado y presente de España.Este trabajo tiene por objeto revisar cómo por intermediación del lenguaje la novela logra entretejer una gran variedad de «emplazamientos»; entendiendo por emplazamiento la síntesis de «plaza» (lugar), y plazo (tiempo), y cómo estos binomios espacio-temporales re-construyen la personalidad de un yo.
Las experiencias límite del tiempo en Querido primer novio de Zoé Valdés
Authors: Torijano Navarrete Olivia
Published: September 2014

Las experiencias límite del tiempo en Querido primer novio de Zoé Valdés
Lightning NOx, a key chemistry–climate interaction: impacts of future climate change and consequences for tropospheric oxidising capacity
Authors: Banerjee A. , Archibald A. T. , Maycock A. C. , Telford P. , Abraham N. L. , Yang X. , Braesicke P. , Pyle J. A.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Lightning is one of the major natural sources of NOx in the atmosphere. A suite of time slice experiments using a stratosphere-resolving configuration of the Unified Model (UM), containing the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols sub-model (UKCA), has been performed to investigate the impact of climate change on emissions of NOx from lightning (LNOx) and to highlight its critical impacts on photochemical ozone production and the oxidising capacity of the troposphere. Two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) are explored. LNOx is simulated to increase in a year-2100 climate by 33% (RCP4.5) and 78% (RCP8.5), primarily as a result of increases in the depth of convection. The total tropospheric chemical odd oxygen production (P(Ox)) increases linearly with increases in total LNOx and consequently, tropospheric ozone burdens of 29 ± 4 Tg(O3) (RCP4.5) and 46 ± 4 Tg(O3) (RCP8.5) are calculated here. By prescribing a uniform surface boundary concentration for methane in these simulations, methane-driven feedbacks are essentially neglected. A simple estimate of the contribution of the feedback reduces the increase in ozone burden to 24 and 33 Tg(O3), respectively. We thus show that, through changes in LNOx, the effects of climate change counteract the simulated mitigation of the ozone burden, which results from reductions in ozone precursor emissions as part of air quality controls projected in the RCP scenarios. Without the driver of increased LNOx, our simulations suggest that the net effect of climate change would be to lower free tropospheric ozone. In addition, we identify large climate-change-induced enhancements in the concentration of the hydroxyl radical (OH) in the tropical upper troposphere (UT), particularly over the Maritime Continent, primarily as a consequence of greater LNOx. The OH enhancement in the tropics increases oxidation of both methane (with feedbacks onto chemistry and climate) and very short-lived substances (VSLS) (with implications for stratospheric ozone depletion). We emphasise that it is important to improve our understanding of LNOx in order to gain confidence in model projections of composition change under future climate.
A comparison of four receptor models used to quantify the boreal wildfire smoke contribution to surface PM2.5 in Halifax, Nova Scotia during the BORTAS-B experiment
Authors: Gibson M. D. , Haelssig J. , Pierce J. R. , Parrington M. , Franklin J. E. , Hopper J. T. , Li Z. , Ward T. J.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. This paper presents a quantitative comparison of the four most commonly used receptor models, namely Absolute Principal Component Scores (APCS), Pragmatic Mass Closure (PMC), Chemical Mass Balance (CMB), and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). The models were used to predict the contributions of a wide variety of sources to PM2.5 mass in Halifax, Nova Scotia during the Quantifying the impact of BOReal forest fires on Tropospheric oxidants over the Atlantic using Aircraft and Satellites (BORTAS) experiment. However, particular emphasis was placed on the capacity of the models to predict the boreal wild fire smoke contributions during the BORTAS experiment. Using PMF, a new woodsmoke enrichment factor of 52 was estimated for use in the PMC receptor model. The results indicate that the APCS and PMC receptor models were not able to accurately resolve total PM2.5 mass concentrations below 2.0 μg m−3. CMB was better able to resolve these low PM2.5 concentrations, but it could not be run on 9 of the 45 days of PM2.5 samples. PMF was found to be the most robust of the four models since it was able to resolve PM2.5 mass below 2.0 μg m−3, predict PM2.5 mass on all 45 days, and utilized an unambiguous woodsmoke chemical marker. The median woodsmoke relative contribution to PM2.5 estimated using PMC, APCS, CMB and PMF were found to be 0.08, 0.09, 3.59 and 0.14 μg m−3, respectively. The contribution predicted by the CMB model seems to be clearly too high based on other observations. The use of levoglucosan as a tracer for woodsmoke was found to be vital for identifying this source.
Two years of near real-time chemical composition of submicron aerosols in the region of Paris using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSm) and a multi-wavelength Aethalometer
Authors: Petit J.-E. , Favez O. , Sciare J. , Crenn V. , Sarda-Estève R. , Bonnaire N. , Močnik G. , Dupont J.-C. , Haeffelin M. , Leoz-Garziandia E.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) measurements have been successfully used towards a better understanding of non-refractory submicron (PM1) aerosol chemical properties based on short-term campaign. The recently developed Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) has been designed to deliver quite similar artefact-free chemical information but for low-cost, and to perform robust monitoring over long-term period. When deployed in parallel with real-time Black Carbon (BC) measurements, the combined dataset allows for a quasi-comprehensive description of the whole PM1 fraction in near real-time. Here we present a 2 year long ACSM and BC datasets, between mid-2011 and mid-2013, obtained at the French atmospheric SIRTA supersite being representative of background PM levels of the region of Paris. This large dataset shows intense and time limited (few hours) pollution events observed during wintertime in the region of Paris pointing to local carbonaceous emissions (mainly combustion sources). A non-parametric wind regression analysis was performed on this 2 year dataset for the major PM1 constituents (organic matter, nitrate, sulphate and source apportioned BC) and ammonia in order to better refine their geographical origins and assess local/regional/advected contributions which information are mandatory for efficient mitigation strategies. While ammonium sulphate typically shows a clear advected pattern, ammonium nitrate partially displays a similar feature, but less expected, it also exhibits a significant contribution of regional and local emissions. Contribution of regional background OA is significant in spring and summer while a more pronounced local origin is evidenced during wintertime which pattern is also observed for BC originating from domestic wood burning. Using time-resolved ACSM and BC information, seasonally differentiated weekly diurnal profiles of these constituents were investigated and helped to identify the main parameters controlling their temporal variations (sources, meteorological parameters). Finally, a careful investigation of all the major pollution episodes observed over the region of Paris between 2011 and 2013 was performed and classified in terms of chemical composition and BC-to-sulphate ratio used here as a proxy of the local/regional vs. advected contribution of PM. In conclusion, these first 2 year quality-controlled measurements of ACSM clearly demonstrate their great potential to monitor on a long term basis aerosol sources and their geographical origin and provide strategic information in near real-time during pollution episodes. They also support the capacity of the ACSM to be proposed as a robust and credible alternative to filter-based sampling techniques for long term monitoring strategies.
Tropospheric CO vertical profiles deduced from total columns using data assimilation: methodology and validation
Authors: El Amraoui L. , Attié J.-L. , Ricaud P. , Lahoz W. A. , Piacentini A. , Peuch V.-H. , Warner J. X. , Abida R. , Barré J. , Zbinden R.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. This paper presents a validation of a method to derive the vertical profile of carbon monoxide (CO) from its total column using data assimilation. We choose version 3 of MOPITT CO total columns to validate the proposed method. MOPITT products have the advantage of providing both the vertical profiles and the total columns of CO. Furthermore, this version has been extensively validated by comparison with many independent data sets, and has been used in many scientific studies. The first step of the paper consists in the specification of the observation errors based on the chi-square (χ2) test. The observations have been binned according to three types: over land during daytime, over land during night-time, and over sea. Their respective errors using the χ2 metric have been found to be 8, 11 and 7%. In the second step, the CO total columns, with their specified errors, are used within the assimilation system to estimate the vertical profiles. These are compared to the retrieved profiles of MOPITT V3 at global and regional scales. Generally, the two data sets show similar patterns and good agreement at both scales. Nevertheless, total column analyses slightly overestimate CO concentrations compared to MOPITT observations. The mean bias between both data sets is +15 and +12% at 700 and 250 hPa, respectively. In the third step, the assimilation of total column has been compared to the assimilation of MOPITT vertical profiles. The differences between both analyses are very small. In terms longitude–latitude maps, the mean bias between the two data sets is +6 and +8% at the pressure levels 700 and 200 hPa, respectively. In terms of zonal means, the CO distribution is similar for both analyses, with a mean bias which does not exceed 12%. Finally, the two analyses have been validated using independent observations from the aircraft-based MOZAIC program in terms of vertical profiles over eight airports. Over most airports, both analyses agree well with aircraft profiles. For more than 50% of recorded measurements, the difference between the analyses and MOZAIC does not exceed 5 ppbv (parts per billion by volume).
Organomineral nanocomposite carbon burial during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2
Authors: Löhr S. C. , Kennedy M. J.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Organic carbon (OC) enrichment in sediments deposited during Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) is commonly attributed to elevated productivity and marine anoxia. We find that OC enrichment in the late Cenomanian aged OAE 2 at the Demerara Rise was controlled by the co-occurrence of anoxic bottom water, sufficient productivity to saturate available mineral surfaces, and variable deposition of high surface area detrital smectite clay. Redox indicators show consistently oxygen-depleted conditions, while a strong correlation between OC concentration and sediment mineral surface area (R2 = 0.92) occurs across a range of total organic carbon (TOC) values from 9 to 33%. X-ray diffraction data indicate the intercalation of OC in smectite interlayers, while electron, synchrotron infrared and X-ray microscopy show an intimate association between clay minerals and OC, consistent with preservation of OC as organomineral nanocomposites and aggregates rather than discrete, μm-scale pelagic detritus. Since the consistent ratio between TOC and mineral surface area suggests that excess OC relative to surface area is lost, we propose that it is the varying supply of smectite that best explains variable organic enrichment against a backdrop of continuous anoxia, which is conducive to generally high TOC during OAE 2 at the Demerara Rise. Smectitic clays are unique in their ability to form stable organomineral nanocomposites and aggregates that preserve organic matter, and are common weathering products of continental volcanic deposits. An increased flux of smectite coinciding with high carbon burial is consistent with evidence for widespread volcanism during OAE 2, so that organomineral carbon burial may represent a potential feedback to volcanic degassing of CO2.