bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of a Ru(bpy)32+/arginine system: a specific and sensitive detection of acetaminophen
Authors: Xiao Yi , Wang Guofang , Yi Haomin , Chen Suhua , Wu Qinyu , Zhang Siyi , Deng Kexin , Zhang Simeng , Shi Zi-Qi , Yang Xiaoping
Published: January 2022

We use arginine as an alternative co-reactant for Ru(bpy)32+ by taking advantage of its low cost, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. It is promising to expand the scope of the Ru(bpy)32+/Arg system and move forward their applications in bioassays.
Modes of synchrony in self-propelled pentanol drops
Authors: Roy Tanushree , Chaurasia Sudhanshu Shekhar , Cruz José-Manuel , Pimienta V. , Parmananda P.
Published: January 2022

We report various modes of synchrony observed for a population of two, three and four pentanol drops in a rectangular channel at the air–water interface.
Gelation under stress: impact of shear flow on the formation and mechanical properties of methylcellulose hydrogels
Authors: Nelson Arif Z. , Wang Yilin , Wang Yushi , Margotta Anthony S. , Sammler Robert L. , Izmitli Aslin , Katz Joshua S. , Curtis-Fisk Jaime , Li Yongfu , Ewoldt Randy H.
Published: January 2022

Small stresses (<1 Pa) can dramatically disrupt the gelation of aqueous methylcellulose, causing the gel temperature to shift and a softer viscoelastic gel to form. A filament network model relates the measured properties to microstructural features.
Surface engineering of anode materials for improving sodium-ion storage performance
Authors: Xia Qingbing , Liu Hanwen , Zhao Xiu Song
Published: January 2022

The surface of battery electrodes has a tremendous influence on cell performance. Recent research progress towards surface structure engineering of anode materials for sodium-ion batteries is summarized and discussed in this article.
Engineered partially open-cage fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane hybrid nanoparticle aggregates for surfaces with super-repellency to widespread liquids
Authors: Chen Boxu , Lin Xilin , Yang Mingjin , You Zonglin , Liu Wenfeng , Meng Hailin , Zhou Yahong , Yuan Hai , Liao Jingwen
Published: January 2022

Co-polycondensation generates easy-to-use partially open-cage fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-nanoparticle (poc-FPOSS-NP) hybrid aggregates for surfaces with super-repellency to widespread liquids.
LaFeO3 meets nitrogen-doped graphene functionalized with ultralow Pt loading in an impactful Z-scheme platform for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Van Dao Dung , Di Liberto Giovanni , Ko Hyungduk , Park Jaehong , Wang Wenmeng , Shin Doyeong , Son Hoki , Van Le Quyet , Van Nguyen Tuan , Van Tan Vo , Pacchioni Gianfranco , Lee In-Hwan
Published: January 2022

Under visible-light irradiation, ternary LaFeO3@NGr–PtNPs Z-scheme delivered a PHE performance (3.52 μmol mgcat−1 h−1) superior to binary LaFeO3@NGr (1.86 μmol mgcat−1 h−1), NGr–PtNPs (0.88 μmol mgcat−1 h−1), and NGr (0.34 μmol mgcat−1 h−1).
Decellularized scaffold-based poly(ethylene glycol) biomimetic vascular patches modified with polyelectrolyte multilayer of heparin and chitosan: preparation and vascular tissue engineering applications in a porcine model
Authors: Gao Huimin , Hu Pengpeng , Sun Gaoqi , Wang Lei , Tian Yu , Mo Hong , Liu Cheng , Zhang Jun , Shen Jian
Published: January 2022

PEG/DCS surface was modified with heparin–chitosan PEM to construct a biomimetic vascular patch which could maintain long-term patency of the treated arteries in vivo.
Distinctive Ce3+ luminescence from single-crystalline and glassy Ce:LaB3O6
Authors: Yuan Dongsheng , Víllora Encarnación G. , Tominaka Satoshi , Shimamura Kiyoshi
Published: January 2022

The role of the host structure in Ce3+ luminescence from single-crystalline and glassy Ce:LaB3O6 with an almost same composition but totally different atomic arrangements.
Construction of a luminescent square-like Cd6Eu2 nanocluster for the quantitative detection of 2,6-dipicolinic acid as an anthrax biomarker
Authors: Leng Xilong , Shi Dongliang , Yang Xiaoping , Zhang Zhen , Li Hao , Cheng Yuebo , Ma Yanan , Schipper Desmond
Published: January 2022

A luminescent square-like Cd6Eu2 nanocluster was constructed with the use of two organic ligands, and it exhibits potential for practical application in the qualitative and quantitative detection of 2,6-dipicolinic acid (DPA) as an anthrax biomarker.
Study of the mechanism of color change of prehnite after heat treatment
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Guo Qingfeng , Li Niu , Cui Li , Liao Libing
Published: January 2022

Mechanism of color change of prehnite after heat treatment.
Galectin-8, cytokines, and the storm
Authors: Zick Yehiel
Published: January 2022

Galectin-8 (Gal-8) belongs to a family of animal lectins that modulate cell adhesion, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune responses. Recent studies have shown that mammalian Gal-8 induces in an autocrine and paracrine manner, the expression and secretion of cytokines and chemokines such as RANKL, IL-6, IL-1β, SDF-1, and MCP-1. This involves Gal-8 binding to receptor complexes that include MRC2/uPAR/LRP1, integrins, and CD44. Receptors ligation triggers FAK, ERK, Akt, and the JNK signaling pathways, leading to induction of NF-κB that promotes cytokine expression. Indeed, immune-competent Gal-8 knockout (KO) mice express systemic lower levels of cytokines and chemokines while the opposite is true for Gal-8 transgenic animals. Cytokine and chemokine secretion, induced by Gal-8, promotes the migration of cancer cells toward cells expressing this lectin. Accordingly, Gal-8 KO mice experience reduced tumor size and smaller and fewer metastatic lesions when injected with cancer cells. These observations suggest the existence of a ‘vicious cycle’ whereby Gal-8 expression and secretion promotes the secretion of cytokines and chemokines that further promote Gal-8 expression. This ‘vicious cycle’ could enhance the development of a ‘cytokine storm’ which is a key contributor to the poor prognosis of COVID-19 patients.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase gene variants in cancer and their clinical significance
Authors: Cadoux-Hudson Thomas , Schofield Christopher J. , McCullagh James S.O.
Published: January 2022

Human isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes encode for the IDH1, 2 & 3 isoenzymes which catalyse the formation of 2-oxoglutarate from isocitrate and are essential for normal mammalian metabolism. Although mutations in these genes in cancer were long thought to lead to a ‘loss of function’, combined genomic and metabolomic studies led to the discovery that a common IDH 1 mutation, present in low-grade glioma and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), yields a variant (R132H) with a striking change of function leading to the production of (2R)-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) which consequently accumulates in large quantities both within and outside cells. Elevated 2HG is proposed to promote tumorigenesis, although the precise mechanism by which it does this remains uncertain. Inhibitors of R132H IDH1, and other subsequently identified cancer-linked 2HG producing IDH variants, are approved for clinical use in the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant AML, though resistance enabled by additional substitutions has emerged. In this review, we provide a current overview of cancer linked IDH mutations focussing on their distribution in different cancer types, the effects of substitution mutations on enzyme activity, the mode of action of recently developed inhibitors, and their relationship with emerging resistance-mediating double mutations.
An improved tongue image segmentation algorithm based on Deeplabv3+ framework
Authors: Zhang Xinfeng , Bian Haonan , Cai Yiheng , Zhang Keye , Li Hui
Published: January 2022

Tongue image segmentation is the key step of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) intelligent tongue image analysis. The subsequent tongue image quality analysis is directly affected by the precision of segmentation. Deeplabv3+ network has become an excellent algorithm in the field of tongue images segmentation by virtue of its ability to extract multi‐scale information and its codec structure. However, there are unclear edge segmentation of the tongue body and missegmentation of small areas in some tongue images. In view of the above phenomenon, an improved algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the network structure is optimized, so that the ability of the network to extract multi‐scale information and low‐level information is improved. Secondly, a loss function based on edge information is proposed, which makes the network pay more attention to the separation of tongue edges in the process of training. Finally, the segmentation results are post‐processed by using the prior knowledge of tongue image, so as to eliminate the phenomenon of misjudgement. The experimental results show that the algorithm significantly improves the ambiguity of image segmentation, and the MIOU value is still increased to 99.13% when the MIOU value has reached 98.77%.
The effect ofCassia alataL. leaf extract on egg hatching and survival ofPangasianodon hypophthalmuslarvae
Authors: Imelda Arisa Iko , Agustina Sri , Handayani Lisa
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of usingCassia alataL. leaf extract on the prevention of fungus on fish eggsPangasianodon hypophthalmusThis research was conducted at the Blangpidie Fish Seed Center. Aceh Barat Daya from July to August 2020. Statistical analysis used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 7 treatment levels and 3 replications. The treatments were conducted by soaking the fish eggs in the leaf extract for 20 minutes. Those treatments were A (control), B (2.5 ppm), C (5 ppm), D (7.5 ppm) E (10 ppm), F (12.5 ppm), and G (15 ppm). ANOVA test results showed that the addition of leaf extractC. alatahad a significant (P <0.05) effect on hatchability and survival ofP. hypophthalmuslarvae. A concentration of 15 ppm is the best with a hatchability value of 85.33% and a concentration of 10 ppm is the most optimum for the survival value ofP. hypophthalmuslarvae, namely 92.99%.
A study of sea surface temperature effect on purse seine catch in Aceh North Waters, Indonesia
Authors: Mutia Aprilla Ratna , Affan Junaidi M. , Fitri Rahmatul , Djamani Rianjuanda , Fuadi Afdhal , Agustina Imelda
Published: January 2022

Aceh fishermen in Ocean Fishing Port Kutaraja Banda Aceh generally carry out fishing operations around Aceh North waters which have abundant and diverse biological potential. Catches in Aceh North waters are still heavily influenced by several natural factors that often occur in certain seasons, one of which is the factor of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) based on this research about the effect of SST on purse seine catches based in Kutaraja Banda Aceh Ocean Fishery Port. This study aims to determine the catches of purse seine fishermen in Kutaraja Ocean Fishery Port to know the SST distribution, and to determine the effect of SST on purse seine catches based in Kutaraja Banda Aceh Ocean Fishery Port. This research was conducted in November 2019 at Kutaraja Ocean Fishery Port. Data analysis used in this study is purse seine catch data obtained from UPTD from 2015-2019 tabulated in tabular and graphical format, SST distribution obtained from Aqua-MODIS satellites from 2015-2019 using SeaDas software and analysis used to see the effect of SST on catch is using linear regression analysis. The conclusian is based on the results of studies on how ocean SPL affect the fish catches using purse seine with the highest vessel size of 11-20 GT in 2018 with a total of 2,499,634 kg while the lowest catch in 2016 with a total of 1,460,220 kg. SST distribution found in Aceh North waters shows that the highest temperature occurred in 2015 which was 30.24oC while the lowest occurred in 2016 which was 29.04oC. From linear regression analysis results showed that SST in Aceh North waters showed a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.2279. This value can give a picture that the SST parameters contribute to fish catches of 22.79% and the rest is influenced by other oceanographic factors. While the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.477 means that this condition can indicate sufficient correlation have a positive
Grain size variation in the swash zone of Lhoong Beach, Aceh Besar
Authors: Akbar Khairul , Octavina Chitra , Purnawan Syahrul
Published: January 2022

The spatio-temporal texture characteristics are key parameters for understanding the dynamics of the sedimentary environment. This study was conducted to determine the sediment characteristics in swash zone of Lhoong Beach, Aceh Besar Regency. The analysis emphasizes the seasonal variation of sediment mean grain size (MGS) based on vertical stratification. Sediment samples were taken during November 2018, January 2019 and March 2019, from 3 stations. Samples from station 3 had the coarsest grain characteristics, where the highest MGS value at station 3 was recorded in the mid-layer (5-10 cm) in November. The grain size was found to vary with changing seasons and the depth of the sediment layer. Based on depth stratification, the highest standard deviation was obtained by the mid-layer (5-10 cm); while by period, the highest standard deviation of the MGS value was generated during November.
Sustainable management of fisheries resources in Java Sea: Utilization status of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) in Indramayu waters West Java case study
Authors: Bintoro Gatut , Setyohadi Daduk , L Djoko Tri , N Affif Rofiiqoh , Syawli Almira , Kadhafi Muammar
Published: January 2022

Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) is a pelagic fish which is generally found in tropical waters. Research on fishery resource sustainability by applying bioeconomic and length weight assessments is necessary to be done in order to determine status of longtail tuna. This research was conducted in south part of Java Sea namely Indramayu waters West Java from January 2020 to April 2020 which aims to estimate utilization status of longtail tuna (T. tonggol) namely exploitation rate, Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY), Total Allowable Catch (TAC), Maximum Economic Yield (MEY), and Open Access (OA), and to determine length and weight relationship. The research used quantitative descriptive method based on catch and effort data from 2010 to 2019 as well as length weight primary data as much as 987 fish. Result showed that catch and effort at MSY level was 8,453 tons/year and 2,974 trips/year respectively with value of TAC as much as 6,762 ton/year. While the estimated values of catch and effort at MEY level was 8,168 tons/year and 2,427 trips/year with optimum profit as much as 88.98 billion Indonesia dollar rupiah (IDR). Another analysis indicated that OA level was achieved when effort reached at 4,855 trips/year and whilst exploitation rate was 93%. Meanwhile length weight relationship analysis showed that fish had a balance length weight growth which b value = 3.039 with equation W = 0.0147L3.0393. In conclusion, the fish has an isometric length weight relationship and the utilization status of fish is in fully exploited condition hence additional fishing effort must be prohibited in order to maintain stock sustainability.
What contributes to micro, small, and medium enterprises’ productivity in fisheries sector in Aceh, Indonesia?
Authors: Shabri Abd. Majid M. , Faisal Faisal , Fahlevi Heru , Azhari A , Juliansyah Hijri
Published: January 2022

Although Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) engaged in the agricultural, livestock, forestry, and fishery sector was recorded as the second-largest contributor to the Indonesian economy in the last decade, but their productivity level was relatively low due to their small-scale business entity. To further enhance their contribution to the national economy, MSMEs needs to enhance their productivity. This study measures Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of the MSMEs in the fisheries sector across 23 districts/cities in Aceh province, Indonesia over the period from 2015 to 2019 period. The study also decomposes the TFP into its sources. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the study documented a low level of MSMEs' TFP during the study period. The MSMEs experienced different levels of TFP. Overall, the MSMEs experienced a decline in their TFP level, contributed mainly by the deteriorations in the efficiency and technical efficiency levels. These findings indicated the urgent call for adopting advanced fisheries-related technologies and implementing good MSMEs' governance practices to further promote MSMEs' performance. Finally, the relevant government authorities are suggested to prioritize promoting less productive MSMEs in the province by providing adequate financial assistance and conducting regular professional entrepreneurial workshops, short courses, and training programs.
The impact of economic growth on technological developments, emoneys and fluctuations interest rates and exchange rates in Indonesia
Authors: Naeruz Milla , Afiffudin Syaad , Ruslan Dede , Syafii Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Technological developments have an impact on the payment system, namely Electronic Money moved very fast in 2018 and 2019, in 2018 it was 50.3% of the money in circulation and economic growth increased by 5.4% even though the interest rate in that year was at 6%. This means that some Indonesians have started to make changes to the payment system. Changes in digitalization in the financial sector, especially with new fundamental changes in the behavior of people's lives from the social and economic fields. The concept of Financial Technology is very good in the formation of digital financial infrastructure based on sustainable technological innovations that are considered effective in financial markets, including for small and medium-sized companies, this article focuses on three factors that affect economic growth, namely capital, labor, and technological developments. This study uses secondary time series data for the 2004-2019 quarter using Multiple Regression (OLS/One Least Square) and processed using the eviews 10 application. This study aims to determine the impact of technology on economic growth. And the results show that Emoney has a negative and significant effect on economic growth, interest rates and exchange rates have a negative effect on economic growth, and technology has a positive effect on economic growth.
The role of customer satisfaction in mediating the effect of the evaluation of the bank's compliance with Islamic law on the continuous intention to use Islamic banking among coastal communities
Authors: Chan Syafruddin , Aprilia Cut , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze the factors that cause low intention of Islamic bank customers to continue using banks' services, especially among those who live in coastal areas. The population in this study is the coastal community who are customers of Islamic banks and domiciled in the coastal areas of Aceh and North Sumatra. The sample size in this study was 200 respondents (Hair, 2009). Sampling was done by stratified random sampling method with the following proportions: Aceh 40%, North Sumatra 60%. In this study, the sampling method used the census technique. Data analysis used SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) to verify the path of the relationship between variables in this study using IBM SPSS-AMOS software version 22. The results showed that Of the 3 direct hypotheses tested, the effect of Evaluation of bank's compliance with Islamic law on Customer satisfaction, the effect of Evaluation of bank's compliance with Islamic law on Continuous Intention to Use Islamic Banking and The effect of Customer Satisfaction on Continuous Intention to Use Islamic Banking, all of which show a significant effect. On the indirect effect tested, the effect of Evaluation of bank's compliance with Islamic law on Continuous Intention to Use Islamic Banking mediated by Customer Satisfaction has also a significant effect. In contrast to previous studies, which mostly analyzed the reluctance of customers to switch to sharia banks because of the profit motive, this study tries to look at the phenomenon of the reluctance of coastal communities to stay in Islamic banks, especially related to the aspect of compliance with Islamic law which is carried out by Islamic bank practitioners as seen from customer perceptions.
Retraction Note: High Performance Energy Prediction using Hadoop with Spark
Authors: Duong-Ngoc Hung , Nguyen-Thanh Hoan , Nguyen-Minh Tam
Published: January 2022

This paper has been formally withdrawn on ethical grounds because the article contains extensive and repeated instances of plagiarism. Web of Conferences treats all identified evidence of plagiarism in the published articles most seriously. Such unethical behaviour will not be tolerated under any circumstance.
EPR d’Hinkley Point : « construire juste du premier coup » grâce au Building Information Modeling
Authors: Dupin Ludovic
Published: January 2022

La bonne tenue calendaire du génie civil est un élément clé dans la réussite du premier réacteur EPR en construction à Hinkley Point. Pour y parvenir, le choix a été fait de déployer à grande échelle le Building Information Modeling (BIM). Cette expérience va alimenter l’ensemble des chantiers EPR à venir.
Iter : dix ans de continuité numérique
Authors:   La rédaction
Published: January 2022

Assurer la continuité numérique est essentiel afin de coordonner les sept agences à travers le monde qui ont pris part au projet hors norme de fusion nucléaire Iter, en construction dans le sud de la France. Après dix ans de chantier, quel bilan tirer de la continuité numérique mise en place ?
Statistical investigation of electric field fluctuations around the lower-hybrid frequency range at dipolarization fronts in the near-earth magnetotail
Authors: Hosner M. , Nakamura R. , Nakamura T. K. M. , Schmid D. , Panov E. V. , Plaschke F.
Published: January 2022

Dipolarization fronts (DFs) are thin magnetic boundary structures, embedded in short-duration, fast earthward-moving plasma flows, so-called bursty bulk flows. Previous case studies have shown that the density gradient at DFs can excite the lower-hybrid drift instability (LHDI) and resulting kinetic-scale waves. These waves feature strong electric field fluctuations perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field and associated effective particle acceleration/heating. In this study, we statistically examine electric field fluctuations in the lower-hybrid (LH) frequency range of 61 DF events, using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission between 2017 and 2018 when the MMS apogee was in the magnetotail. We observed that all DF events exhibit enhanced power in the electric field fluctuations in the LH frequency range. Among the observed events, the power can vary by several orders of magnitude. The waves are detected for both high and low values of the perpendicular electron density or pressure gradient. In addition, the peak wave power within the DF is often observed at the time of steepest density gradient within the DF. The results also reveal that the wave power correlates with the magnetic flux transport rate of the DFs. These findings suggest that enhanced density and pressure gradients, which can be formed by large-scale flux transport at DFs, lead to LHDI-related kinetic-scale wave signatures at the DFs, and this may modify the original gradient layer profile of the DF in the course of its propagation from the source to the observation point.
Polarization in pseudocubic epitaxial relaxed PMN-PT thin films
Authors: Trstenjak Urška , Daneu Nina , Rafalovskyi Iegor , Belhadi Jamal , Vengust Damjan , Hlinka Jiří , Spreitzer Matjaž
Published: January 2022

Understanding the relationship between structural characteristics and functional properties of complex relaxor ferroelectric thin films is of high interest for designing materials with high performances. In this work, the structure of epitaxial relaxed pulsed-laser-deposited Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT; x = 25, 33, and 40) thin films on LaNiO3/SrTiO3 substrates is analyzed using a variety of diffraction and spectroscopic techniques. While based on the data obtained from high-resolution x-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis, the average structure of the PMN-xPT films is metrically cubic, micro-Raman polarimetry measurements indicate the tetragonal-like ferroelectric phase with marked preference for the polarization perpendicular to the film for all three compositions. The results of the Raman scattering analysis are supported by electromechanical properties of the samples, which clearly show that the films have a locally non-centrosymmetric structure. Furthermore, only a gradual enhancement of the electrical properties from PMN-25PT to PMN-40PT is observed, which is attributed to small tetragonal distortions that are highly similar for all three compositions.
Multiple electron beam generation with different energies and comparable currents from a single cathode potential for high power traveling wave tubes (TWTs)
Authors: Islam K. N. , Schamiloglu E.
Published: January 2022

We present a technique for generating multiple electron beams with different energies and comparable currents from a single cathode stalk at a single potential using nested magnetically insulated coaxial diodes (MICDs). The application is for a multi-stream traveling wave tube. Particle-in-cell simulations are performed for an experimental parameter-based geometry where two thin-walled intense relativistic electron beams immersed in a strong uniform magnetic field propagate through a cylindrical vacuum channel. The analytically derived results are obtained by extending Fedosov’s solution for generating a hollow electron beam from an MICD on a cathode stalk in an infinite magnetic field. Two electron beams are generated and accelerated downstream assuming zero initial kinetic energy of the electrons from the cathodes. Results show both electron beam currents ranging from 66 to 2.8 kA with an energy difference ranging from 6% to 27% depending on voltages applied from 100 to 600 kV and the geometry of the two MICDs. An optimal geometry is a crucial factor in achieving the maximum energy difference between the electron beams for comparable currents. The analytical and numerical simulation results show good agreement. We are currently in the process of planning experiments using the electron beam accelerator (SINUS-6 at UNM) to validate the analytical and simulation results.
Ion beam intensity and phase space measurement techniques for ion sources
Authors: Kalvas T.
Published: January 2022

Ion sources produce beams used in accelerators and other applications. Both development and use of ion sources need beam diagnostics to probe the plasma processes and beam formation for optimization purposes and to produce beam parameters needed for transport tuning. These diagnostics include beam intensity measurements usually carried out with Faraday cups or inductive pickups, magnetic separation, profile measurements with scintillation screens and wires, and phase space measurements with different types of emittance scanners.
Artificial synapse arrays based on SiOx/TiOx memristive crossbar with high uniformity for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Leng Kangmin , Yu Xinyue , Ma Zhongyuan , Li Wei , Xu Jun , Xu Ling , Chen Kunji
Published: January 2022

As the key of artificial synapse networks, memristive devices play the most important role to construct an artificial synapse because of their biological structure and function similar to the synapse. The memristive device with high uniformity is now urgently needed to ensure them be really integrated in a neuromorphic chip. Here, we first report the realization of artificial synapse networks based on the SiOx/TiOx memristive crossbar array. Compared with the one of the SiOx memristors, the coefficient of variation in the high resistance state and the low resistance state of the SiOx/TiOx memristor can be reduced by 64.2% and 37.6%, respectively. It is found that the improved uniformity of the SiOx/TiOx memristive device is related to the thicker and permanent conductance pathway in a TiOx layer, which can localize the position of conductive pathway in the SiOx layer. The disconnection and formation of conductive pathway occur mainly in the thin SiOx layer, leading to a substantial improvement in the switching uniformity. The SiOx/TiOx memristive crossbar array shows a stable and controllable operation characteristic, which enables the large-scale implementation of biological function, including spike-duration-dependent plasticity, spike-timing-dependent plasticity, and spike-number-dependent plasticity as well as paired-pulse facilitation tunability of conductance. Specifically, the visual learning capability can be trained through tuning the conductance of the unit device. The highly efficient learning capability of our SiOx/TiOx artificial synapse for neuromorphic systems shows great potential application in the AI (artificial intelligence) period.
Observation of the plasmon mode transition from triangular to hexagonal nanoplates
Authors: Imaeda Keisuke , Hasegawa Seiju , Imura Kohei
Published: January 2022

The geometrical shape of a metal nanostructure plays an essential role in determining the optical functionality of plasmonic cavity modes. Here, we investigate the geometrical modification effect on plasmonic cavity modes induced in two-dimensional gold nanoplates. We perform near-field transmission measurements on triangular and tip-truncated triangular nanoplates and reveal that the plasmonic cavity modes are qualitatively consistent with each other as long as the snipping size is not significant. To elucidate the tip-truncation effect on plasmonic cavity modes in detail, we carry out numerical simulations for nanoplates with various snipping sizes and find that tip truncation affects not only the optical selection rules but also the energy relation for the plasmonic cavity modes. These findings provide a foundation for the rational design of plasmonic cavities with desired optical functionality.
Magnetotransport in ferromagnetic Fe2Ge semimetallic thin films
Authors: Forbes Andrew W. , Bhattarai Niraj , Gassen Christopher , Saqat Raghad S. H. , Pegg Ian L. , Philip John
Published: January 2022

Thin films of ferromagnet Fe2Ge were grown via molecular beam epitaxy, and their electrical and magneto-transport properties were measured for the first time. X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry measurements confirmed the crystalline ferromagnetic Fe2Ge phase. The observed high-temperature maximum in the longitudinal resistivity, as well as the observed suppression of electron–magnon scattering at low temperatures, points to the presence of strong spin polarization in this material. Measurements of the Hall resistivity, ρxy, show contributions from both the ordinary Hall effect and the anomalous Hall effect, ρxyAH, from which we determined the charge carrier concentration and mobility. Measurements also show a small negative magnetoresistance in both the longitudinal and transverse geometries. Fe2Ge holds promise as a useful spintronic material, especially for its semiconductor compatibility.
Spin–orbit coupling proximity effect in MoS2/Fe3GeTe2 heterostructures
Authors: Tu Zhiyin , Zhou Tong , Ersevim Thomas , Arachchige Hasitha Suriya , Hanbicki Aubrey T. , Friedman Adam L. , Mandrus David , Ouyang Min , Žutić Igor , Gong Cheng
Published: January 2022

Layered two-dimensional (2D) magnet/semiconductor heterostructures combine spintronic and optoelectronic properties of constituent materials, leading to new magneto-optical and magnetoelectric phenomena such as spontaneous emission of helical light and enhanced Zeeman splitting in single photon emission. While prior focus was mostly on the magnetic proximity effect, where properties of 2D magnets are transferred to nonmagnetic 2D materials, the inverse effect of 2D semiconductors altering 2D magnets is much less understood. Here, we fabricated and studied van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures of 2D magnet Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) and 2D semiconductor MoS2. With reflectance magnetic circular dichroism, we found that the coercive field of MoS2-covered FGT reduces compared with uncovered FGT, agreeing well with our first-principles calculations. With its strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC), MoS2 effectively alters the crystal field of the adjacent FGT and its magnetic anisotropy. Furthermore, an unconventional two-step hysteresis loop emerges in MoS2/FGT as a result of the superposition of two regions of FGT: at the interface and away from the interface. Our experimental elucidation of the SOC proximity effect that MoS2 exerts on FGT provides fundamental understanding for the rational development of 2D magnet/semiconductor heterostructures.
An analytical model for predicting the flame length of fire lines and tree crown scorching
Authors: Zhou Kuibin , Simeoni Albert
Published: January 2022

In forest fires, the fire plume can heat tree crowns and cause the mortality of live vegetation, even though the surface fire spread is of low burning intensity. A lot of empirical or semi-empirical correlations have been built to link the fire intensity and flame height to the crown scorch height. These correlations lack the basic physical processes of heat transfer and thermal response of needles and leaves. Besides the flame height, the fire plume temperature and velocity are also of great importance to quantify the heat transfer to the tree crown. Accordingly, an analytical model, derived from a system of differential equations, describing the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, and chemical composition, is proposed to predict the properties of a fire plume from a line fire. The flame height predicted by the analytical model matches experimental measurements of small, medium, and large line fires, showing a considerable robustness of the proposed model. With an assumption of the lethal temperature of live vegetation, the analytical model can also predict the crown scorch height against available empirical correlations and experimental data. In addition, an analysis of the effect on the flame length of the distance between the fire and the ground surface indicates that it would be better to simulate the wildland fire front by a gaseous line fire above the ground surface. The effect of ambient air temperature and fireline residence time (or heating time of foliage) on the crown scorch height is also quantified. It is found that the hot plume can heat the live foliage to reach a lethal temperature of 60°C under a heating time of 60 s.
One model for the learning of language
Authors: Yang Yuan , Piantadosi Steven T.
Published: January 2022

Significance

It has long been hypothesized that language acquisition may be impossible without innate knowledge of the structures that occur in natural language. Here, we show that a domain general learning setup, originally developed in cognitive psychology to model rule learning, is able to acquire key pieces of natural language from relatively few examples of sentences. This develops a new approach to formalizing linguistic learning and highlights some features of language and language acquisition that may arise from general cognitive processes.
EchidnaCSI: Engaging the public in research and conservation of the short-beaked echidna
Authors: Perry Tahlia , Stenhouse Alan , Wilson Isabella , Perfetto Imma , McKelvey Michael W. , Coulson Michelle , Ankeny Rachel A. , Rismiller Peggy D. , Grützner Frank
Published: January 2022

Significance

Echidnas are iconic egg-laying mammals threated by environmental changes. However, their cryptic lifestyle and Australia-wide distribution renders a citizen science approach the only feasible way to obtain continent-scale information. With EchidnaCSI (Conservation Science Initiative), we used a citizen science approach to learn more about echidnas, which is remarkably powerful and continually provides data and material for molecular and ecological research. Here, we describe and discuss the establishment and performance of EchidnaCSI, which has produced high-quality echidna-sighting data and fecal material. In addition, a survey of participants provides insight into the motivation and engagement outcomes in citizen science and conservation. EchidnaCSI demonstrates the enormous potential of citizen science to advance the data and knowledge base to enable echidna conservation outcomes.
Oxidative desulfurization pathway for complete catabolism of sulfoquinovose by bacteria
Authors: Sharma Mahima , Lingford James P. , Petricevic Marija , Snow Alexander J.D. , Zhang Yunyang , Järvå Michael A. , Mui Janice W.-Y. , Scott Nichollas E. , Saunders Eleanor C. , Mao Runyu , Epa Ruwan , da Silva Bruna M. , Pires Douglas E.V. , Ascher David B. , McConville Malcolm J. , Davies Gideon J. , Williams Spencer J. , Goddard-Borger Ethan D.
Published: January 2022

Significance

Sulfoquinovose, a sulfosugar derivative of glucose, is produced by most photosynthetic organisms and contains up to half of all sulfur in the biosphere. Several pathways for its breakdown are known, though they provide access to only half of the carbon in sulfoquinovose and none of its sulfur. Here, we describe a fundamentally different pathway within the plant pathogen
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
that features oxidative desulfurization of sulfoquinovose to access all carbon and sulfur within the molecule. Biochemical and structural analyses of the pathway’s key proteins provided insights how the sulfosugar is recognized and degraded. Genes encoding this sulfoquinovose monooxygenase pathway are present in many plant pathogens and symbionts, alluding to a possible role for sulfoquinovose in plant host–bacteria interactions.
CHAF1A/B mediate silencing of unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs early in infection
Authors: Geis Franziska K. , Sabo Yosef , Chen Xiao , Li Yinglu , Lu Chao , Goff Stephen P.
Published: January 2022

Significance

Invading viral DNAs constitute a high risk for the infected cell and are high-profile targets of antiviral host factors. Nevertheless, little is known about the silencing machinery in the nucleus that acts to prevent transcription or retroviral integration of extrachromosomal DNA. We here identified CHAF1A and CHAF1B as two players that mediate silencing of unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs. Our findings provide evidence that these factors act independently of their canonical nucleosome assembly complex to induce silencing early in infection. The characterization of the intrinsic cellular defense mechanism against incoming DNA is relevant to transient gene delivery, as mediated by virus-based vectors in gene therapy.
Thiol-based chemical probes exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 via allosteric disulfide disruption in the spike glycoprotein
Authors: Shi Yunlong , Zeida Ari , Edwards Caitlin E. , Mallory Michael L. , Sastre Santiago , Machado Matías R. , Pickles Raymond J. , Fu Ling , Liu Keke , Yang Jing , Baric Ralph S. , Boucher Richard C. , Radi Rafael , Carroll Kate S.
Published: January 2022

Significance

Some coronaviruses utilize angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for entry into host cells. Although reducing agents, such as
N
-acetylcysteine, disrupt viral binding to ACE2 in general, these compounds are cytotoxic, have low potency, and because of their membrane permeability, have undefined mechanism of action. With qualitative chemoproteomic mapping to delineate cysteine thiol/disulfide reactivity in native spike and recombinant receptor binding domain (RBD), we report nontoxic, cell-impermeable thiol-based chemical probes that significantly decrease the ACE2 binding and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. We map the reactive cysteines and show the dynamic consequences of breaking allosteric disulfide bonds in the RBD. Altogether, our work underscores a clear redox-based mechanism of antiviral activity in which reducing compounds disrupt key RBD disulfides specifically in extracellular spaces.
Latent Triple Trajectories of Substance use as Predictors for the Onset of Antisocial Personality Disorder among Urban African American and Puerto Rican Adults: A 22-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lee Jung Yeon , Pahl Kerstin , Kim Wonkuk
Published: January 2022

Background: Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) incurs a high cost to society due to the high risk of violent and nonviolent offenses associated with this personality disorder, thus making the examination of the etiology and the onset of ASPD an important public health concern. Method: The present study consisted of five waves of data collection of the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study ( N = 674). In the Cox proportional hazard model, latent multiple substance use trajectories from mid-adolescence to emerging adulthood (mean age 14 to mean age 24) were used as a predictor for the onset of ASPD during emerging adulthood to the mid-thirties (mean age 24 to mean age 36). The control variables were gender, ethnicity, problem behaviors, and victimization. Results: In the multiple Cox proportional hazard model, the high (HR = 2.74, p < 0.001) and the increasing frequency of (HR = 2.55, p < 0.001) use on alcohol, cigarette, and cannabis latent trajectory groups were associated with an increased hazard of ASPD onset as compared with the no or low frequency of use on alcohol, cigarette, and cannabis latent trajectory group after controlling for demographic factors and earlier problem behaviors as well as victimization. Conclusions: The implications of this study for the prediction of adult ASPD onset time may focus on the early use of alcohol, cigarette, and cannabis from mid adolescence to emerging adulthood.
An otolaryngologist and an opera singer
Authors: Mion Marta , Barillari Umberto , Barillari Maria R. , Martini Alessandro
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

Enrico Caruso was one of the most famous Italian opera singer who lived between the XIXth and the XXth century.

Material and methods:

On the occasion of the centenary of his death, we propose some mails that documented the correspondence between the tenor and Salvatore Marano, his otolaryngologist and dear friend.

Conclusions:

Reading the correspondence between them, we can appreciate an inedited side of the famous singer.
Optimization of semi-empirical mass formula co-efficients using least square minimization and variational Monte-Carlo approaches
Authors: Gora Swapna , Sastri O S K S , Soni S K
Published: January 2022

In this paper, both least squares minimization (LSM) and variational Monte-Carlo techniques have been implemented to determine the co-efficients of semi-empirical mass formula (SEMF). First, the experimental binding energies (BEs) are determined for all the available nuclei from atomic mass evaluation (AME2016) data. Then, LSM technique is implemented in Gnumeric worksheet to minimize relative mean squared error (RMSE) to obtain the SEMF co-efficients by considering only the first three co-efficients which are deduced from liquid drop model. The mean percentage error (MPE) value, between obtained BEs from the optimized co-efficients and the experimental BEs, has been determined. Then, to emphasize the relevance of empirical terms, they have been introduced successively one after other and the procedure has been repeated. A reduction in MPE-value has been observed after each iteration. This same procedure has also been employed using Monte-Carlo approach to obtain SEMF co-efficients by minimizing RMSE-value as in variational principle.
Measurement of the electric permittivity using Bleustein–Gulyaev wave sensor
Authors: Elhady Alaa , Abdel-Rahman Eihab
Published: January 2022

We present a novel compact electric permittivity sensor that exploits Bleustein–Gulyaev waves propagating along the surface of shear-poled piezoelectrics. We formulate the dynamic nonlinear electromechanical partial differential equations of motion governing wave propagation under electromagnetically quasistatic conditions. The permittivity of the medium-under-test was found to influence the sensor eigenvalues, enabling the implementation of a frequency-shift permittivity sensor. Solution of the equations of motion demonstrates resonance of the first and third modes when excited using an interdigitated transducer. We fabricated two sensor prototypes on shear-poled PZT4 and LiNbO3 substrates and used a Vector Network Analyzer to observe the shift in their fundamental natural frequency in the presence of various media-under-test. S
11 measurements show deterministic and repeatable shifts in the resonant frequency of the first mode of the LiNbO3 sensor measured at

Δ

f
1

=
3.51

MHz for ethanol and

Δ

f
1

=
7.49

MHz for deionized water where the bare surface frequency was initially at

f
1

=
25.27

MHz.
Quantitative atomic order characterization of a Mn2FeAl Heusler epitaxial thin film
Authors: Kurdi Samer , Sakuraba Yuya , Masuda Keisuke , Tajiri Hiroo , Nair Bhaskaran , Nataf Guillaume F , Vickers Mary E , Reiss Günter , Meinert Markus , Dhesi Sarnjeet S , Ghidini Massimo , Barber Zoe H
Published: January 2022

In this work, we investigate the effect of anti-site disorder on the half-metallic properties of a Mn2FeAl Heusler alloy thin film. The film was grown on TiN-buffered MgO 001 substrates via magnetron sputtering. A detailed structural characterization using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and anomalous XRD showed that the film crystallizes in the partially disordered L21
B structure with 33% disorder between the Mn(B) and Al(D) sites. We measure a positive anisotropic magnetoresistance in the film, which is an indication of non-half metallic behaviour. Our x-ray magnetic circular dichroism sum rules analysis shows that Mn carries the magnetic moment in the film, with a positive Fe moment. Experimentally determined moments correspond most closely with those found by density functional calculated for the L21
B structure with Mn(B) and Al(D) site disorder, matching the experimental structural analysis. We thus attribute the deviation from half-metallic behaviour to the formation of the L21
B structure. To realize a half-metallic Mn2FeAl film it is important that the inverse Heusler XA structure is stabilized with minimal anti-site atomic disorder.
Multi-inception patterns of emitter array/collector systems in DC corona discharge
Authors: Lemetayer J , Marion C , Fabre D , Plouraboué F
Published: January 2022

Multiple emitters systems have been previously used so as to increase charge density in the drift region, many times without producing sensible increment neither in total current nor ionic wind. This contribution focuses on analyzing the detailed physics behind this failure, that is named ‘multiple emitters un-scalability’. It is established that multiple emitters un-scalability is related to the inability of multiple corona discharge inceptions when increasing the emitter number and/or density. This confirms recent findings that corona discharge inception is shielded by electro-static interactions between emitters. This contribution demonstrates that this shielding can be balanced by emitter/collector electrostatic interactions depending on the considered configuration. For sufficiently close collector-emitter distances, ignition starts at the array center, whereas, on the contrary, when the collector is distant, the ignition not only starts at the array’s periphery but might also be limited there. It is also demonstrated that emitter/emitter electrostatic interactions can be balanced by emitter/collector ones, depending of their chosen configuration. This lead to a variety of multi-inception patterns, the condition of which are analyzed. Intermediate configurations for which the collector is neither sufficiently close nor distant from the emitter array center provide a variety of multi-inception patterns that are hereby analyzed. Combining finite element computations of multi-inception drift-diffusion modeling with experimental measurements, provides a coherent picture explaining why multiple emitters sources systems do not lead to full ignition, and also exhibit conditions for which it does, leading to multiple emitters scalable systems.