bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tourist’s Segmentation Based on Culture as their Primary Motivation
Authors: Sayeh Soukaina
Published: August 2022

In a crowded global marketplace, destinations are competing against each other to attract tourists; and culture is one of the most important elements in the tourism product, as it offers an authentic and distinctive trait to the destination. Not only does it trigger the tourist’s “visitability”, but also encourages the local people and investors for profitability objectives. Therefore, public authorities and private actors capitalize on cultural resources to enhance the region’s attractiveness. Research in the field has revealed the importance of the tourist’s motives and their behaviors for a better adjustment of the touristic offer, and the urge to identify the different cultural tourist’s segments to adapt the cultural offer to each segment. This paper provides a review of the existing literature, and examines the tourist’s motivation for the choice of a destination characterized by its cultural assets. It also revolves around exploring the different cultural tourist’s segments based on the theoretical background review. Dealing with the reasons behind the choice of a destination has been discussed over the years. Culture on the other hand has been explored from different perspectives. In this paper, we consider culture as a product in order to investigate the different cultural tourists’ segments. Although culture and tourism are distinct sectors with separate strategies, together combined serve the same goal, which is to promote and enhance the attractiveness of a destination in order to lead to its development. Given the importance of understanding tourist’s motivations in one’s economy, we have chosen to direct our attention in this paper to the theoretical underpinnings of cultural tourism and the motivations that incite tourists to choose a cultural destination. Keywords: tourist’s motivation, choice of a destination, cultural assets, cultural tourists’ segments
Continuity of preschool and primary school education: specifying the subject area of the study
Authors: Halian Olena
Published: August 2022

The article systematizes the subject area of the research on the continuity between preschool and primary education. It substantiates the importance of studying its basic issues, taking into account the personality oriented model of the educational process, which supports the need of a child to be a subject of their life. Emphasis is placed on the differentiation of the concepts «readiness for schooling» and «readiness for school». Accordingly, the content of the concepts «preschool maturity» and «school maturity» has been analyzed and the conceptual groups that represent those notions are identified. It is stated that preschool maturity presents the psychological portrait of the child of the senior preschool age, which collectively represents the indicators of learning, and the competencies acquired during different children activities. The author of the article justifies the concept «school maturity» in relation to the child’s readiness for school, which means, on the one hand, the ability to learn, to be proactive, independent, and, on the other hand, the readiness to realize own resources and personal potential. The application of a holistic approach made it possible to consider readiness for school in developmental, social, cultural, educational and environmental aspects. Basic ideas, singled out by the author, will help teachers thoroughly comprehend the possibilities of optimizing the educational situation of a child in transition from preschool to primary school age. They concern the content of school readiness to organize cooperation with a six-year-old child, the priority tasks of primary school in the context of continuity of preschool and primary education and a child-centeredness, and conditions for ensuring the quality of education in the transition of a child from preschool to primary school. Keywords: continuity, readiness for schooling, readiness for school, preschool and school maturity, educability, learnability, idea, holistic approach.
Social and educational activity of Illia Kokorudz (1867–1933)
Authors: Hertsiuk Dmytro
Published: August 2022

The article highlights the educational, enlightening and scientific activity of Illia Kokorudz, a famous Ukrainian teacher, social and cultural leader, promoter and benefactor in Galicia at the end of the 19th and the first third of the 20th century. The paper analyses the stages of his formation as a scholar and educator, the development of his worldview principles and the civic position (gymnasium education, university studies, constant improvement of his professional and scientific level, active social and educational work). For a decade starting from 1896, I. Kokorudz associated himself with the Ukrainian Academic Gymnasium in Lviv. First, as a professor, and later as a director of the educational institution for 18 years (1909–1927) he revealed his talent as an outstanding teacher, educational organizer, mentor and educator of the Ukrainian youth. In this field, he supported and developed the best traditions of his predecessors, managed to lead the gymnasium through the difficult war and post-war years, gave it the weight of the important national educational institution. The author singles out the merits of I. Kokorudz to the Ukrainian Pedagogical Association “Native School”. Having taken a well-deserved rest in 1927 after 44 years of the intense teaching work he agreed to head this public organization. In 1927–1933 the activity of the “Native School” association under the leadership of I. Kokorudz reached the highest level. Despite the extremely unfavorable social and political situation for the Ukrainians, and due to the efforts of the Main Administration, the Ukrainian national education system was actively developing – private folk schools, gymnasiums, teacherʼs seminars, preschools. New educational initiatives started (introduction of cooperation training at schools, and relatively to it the organization of special courses for the Ukrainian teachers; creation of a scientifically based system of students’ professional orientation; application of new effective forms of national-patriotic education; expansion of publishing activities; establishment of cultural and educational ties with the Ukrainian emigration to Northern America, etc.). The article focuses on the promoting activity of I. Kokorudz, his creation of a separate foundation, thanks to which new educational institutions were established for the Ukrainian youth. Keywords: Illia Kokorudz, national education, Association “Native School”, Ukrainian Academic Gymnasium, educational and enlightening initiatives, promoting, “Foundation of Illia and Ivanna Kokorudz”.
Pengaplikasian Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA) Tipe Turbin Screw di Desa Sendi, Pacet, Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: Faturrochman Muhammad Reza , Guntara Iqbal , Andriawan Aris Heri , Hartayu Ratna , W Izzah Aula , Santoso Santoso
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini membahas Tentang Pengaplikasian Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA) tipe turbin Screw di desa Sendi, Pacet, Kabupaten Mojokerto. Alat ini dirancang sebagai efisiensi dalam memanfaatkan potensi aliran air yang berada di desa Sendi, Pacet, Kabupaten Mojokerto . Pembangkit listrik tenaga air tersebut agar dapat mengubah energi mekanik ke energi listrik dengan bantuan dari motor DC. Panjang saluran air turbin tersebut sepanjang 8 meter, potensi debit air 0,488 m³/detik, menghasilkan putaran 550 RPM. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk menghasilkan energi alternatif yang berkelanjutan.
Sistem Informasi Zakat Kabupaten Tanah Laut Berbasis Website
Authors: Ningsih Tri Mulya Bakti , Noor Agustian , Noor Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Sistem yang saat ini berjalan di BAZNAS Kabupaten Tanah Laut  sebanarnya sudah terkomputerisasi namun belum tersistem dengan baik dan ada kurangnya informasi lain dari BAZNAS yang belum diketahui para pengguna secara keseluruhan. Oleh sebab itu, dibangunlah sebuah Sistem Informasi Zakat Kabupaten Tanah Laut Berbasis Website  guna membantu petugas dan masyarakat dalam hal mengelola data zakat masuk ataupun keluar dan informasi-informasi zakat lainnya. Sistem dibangun menggunakan metode waterfall, dibangun menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)  dan Database MySQL, dirancang menggunakan Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Entity Reltionship Diagram (ERD) dan Flowchart.
Aplikasi Pendataan Laporan Tunggakan Pajak pada UPPD SAMSAT Batulicin Berbasis Web
Authors: Hayyah Helda Ainur , Utomo Hendrik Setyo , Permadi Jaka
Published: August 2022

Telah dibuat aplikasi pajak pengguna kendaraan bermotor, semakin banyak pula wajib pajak yang harus membayarkan pajak kendaraannya. Namun Terdapat berbagai alasan dari pemilik STNK untuk tidak membayar pajaknya seperti kendaraan mengalami kerusakan berat, hilang, lelang/hibah, tersita dan lain sebagainya, oleh karena itu untuk mencabut tunggakan yang ada pemilik STNK wajib untuk menyerahkan bukti, seperti gambar kendaraan yang rusak atau berupa surat pernyataan. Bakeuda memutuskan apakah kendaraan tersebut dapat dicabut pajaknya atau tidak. Jika disetujui maka Staff UPPD SAMSAT  mendata kembali kendaraan mana saja yang sudah disetujui dengan menggunakan data keseluruhan tunggakan pajak yang sudah diberikan sebelumnya oleh Bakeuda. Pada UPPD SAMSAT Batulicin pendataan tunggakan pajak masih dilakukan secara manual menggunakan excel dimana setiap kata kunci seperti nopol, no mesin, no rangka dicek satu- persatu untuk mengatahui keberadaan data STNK agar dapat didata kembali menggunakan excel. Hal tersebut tentu menyulitkan Staff UPPD SAMSAT untuk menyaring data dan memerlukan banyak waktu. Maka dari itu, untuk mempermudah proses pendataan tunggakan pajak, maka dibangunlah sebuah sistem yang dapat melakukan penyaringan data dengan menginputkan dua buah file dan menghasilkan laporan pendataan tunggakan pajak. Hasil dari pengujian aplikasi pendataan laporan tunggakan pajak ini adalah data patokan dan data realisasi berhasil tersaring sesuai dengan nopol yang ada dan data tunggakan kendaraan bermotor dinas dapat ditampilkan sesuai dengan kata kunci nama dinas yang ada.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Sarana dan Prasarana Berbasis Web
Authors: Susanto Eri Sasmita , Azzam Ahmad
Published: August 2022

Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa memiliki bagian sarana dan prasarana (SARPRAS) yang dimana salah satu tugasnya adalah mengelola data peminjaman dan pengembalian inventaris serta laporan dari data tersebut. Dalam pengelolaan data tersebut sebenarnya SARPRAS sudah memiliki sistem informasi sendiri berbasiskan web. Namun web tersebut masih dirasa masih belum cukup maksimal kinerjanya sehingga diperlukan pengembangan lebih lanjut. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini dibuat untuk melakukan pengembangan sistem informasi sarana dan prasarana di Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa berbasis web. Di dalam pengembangan ini akan menggunakan model spiral dalam pengembangan perangkat lunaknya dan juga akan memperbaiki proses peminjaman dan pengembalian serta menambahkan laporan. Sehingga diharapkan saat sistem ini telah diimplementasikan maka akan membantu kinerja dari SARPRAS dan memperbaiki segala kekurangan dari sistem yang lama.
Audit Sistem Pencahayaan dan Sistem Pendingin Ruangan dalam Upaya Efisiensi Energi Listrik di Gedung Perkantoran PT. Varia Usaha Beton Plant Tambakoso Waru
Authors: Abidin Moch Fajar , Budiono Gatut , Hariadi Balok , Setyadjit Kukuh , Yuliananda Subekti
Published: August 2022

Gedung perkantoran merupakan salah satu bangunan yang mengonsumsi energi listrik cukup tinggi. Pada umumnya sistem pencahayaan dan sistem pendingin ruangan adalah faktor penyebab dari kurang efisien dalam pemanfaatan energi listrik  pada gedung Kantor Pusat PT. Varia Usaha Beton. Berdasarkan Permen ESDM Republik Indonesia No. 13 Tahun 2012 mengenai penghematan pemakaian tenaga listrik, maka perlu dilakukan managemen energi listrik agar intensitas konsumsi energi listrik dapat termanagemen dengan baik dan bisa lebih efisien. Pada penelitian ini  dilakukan audit sistem pencahayaan dan sistem pendingin ruangan dan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode audit energi dengan menghitung nilai Intensitas Konsumsi Energi (IKE) untuk proses efisiensi energi listrik. Dari perhitungan audit energi awal didapat hasil nilai IKE pada gedung kantor pusat PT. Varia Usaha Beton sebesar 254,68 kWh/m2/tahun, nilai tersebut melebihi standar dari ASEAN-USAID sebesar  240 kWh/m2/tahun. Setelah dilakukan konservasi energi dengan cara mengganti lampu CFL ke LED pada sistem pencahayaan dan menggunakan AC inverter pada sistem pendingin ruangan didapat hasil nilai IKE setelah dilakukan konservasi yaitu sebesar 229,7 kWh/m2/tahun. Nilai tersebut tergolong efisien karena dibawah standar ASEAN-USAID.
Purwarupa Alat Komunikasi dan Monitoring Pada Rumah Sakit Menggunakan Li-Fi untuk Mengurangi Gangguan Gelombang Elektromagnetik Pada Alat Medis
Authors: Rohmah Ratnasari Nur , Zahra Nisa
Published: August 2022

Makalah ini memaparkan hasil penelitian pengembangan purwarupa alat komunikasi teks dan monitoring data pasien di rumah sakit. Rumah sakit merupakan salah satu fasilitas Kesehatan dimana terdapat peralatan yang mempunya interferensi elektromagnetik (EMI) tingkat tinggi yang menjadi sangat sensitif terhadap gangguan elektromagnetik. Pada penelitian ini penulis membuat sistem purwarupa alat komunikasi dan monitoring berbasis teknologi LI FI (Light Fidelity) unutk mengurangi gangguan gelombang elektromagnetik pada alat medis. Li Fi bekerja mengirimkan data melalui media transmisi cahaya yang merupakan salah satu spektrum gelombang magnetic yang tidak berbahaya. Purwarupa alat ini menggunakan sensor MAX30100 sebagai sensor oximetry, sensor suhu MLX90614, sensor heart rate dan sensor SpO2. Purwarupa juga dilengkapi fitur pengiriman pesan teks yang berjalan dua arah. Hasil uji coba memperlihatkan purwarupa dapat bekerja dengan baik sesuai disain.
Analisa Kelayakan Jaringan Instalasi Kelistrikan untuk Saluran Tegangan Rendah (STR) di Kecamatan Pujud Kabupaten Rokan Hilir
Authors: Dodo Muhammad , Jufrizel Jufrizel , Hastuti Weni Puji
Published: August 2022

Instalasi listrik menjadi bagian penting dalam fungsinya sebagai media untuk mengalirkan listrik khususnya di rumah tinggal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi serta mengetahui tingkat kelayakan instalasi listrik tegangan rendah di atas umur 15 tahun daya 450 VA – 900 VA di desa Pujud Kecamatan Rokan Hilir dan mengetahui tingkat pemahaman masyarakat tentang instalasi listrik tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah angket dan analisis persentase dengan sampel berjumlah 61 instalasi dan individu. Dari hasil penelitian secara keseluruhan berjumlah 61 rumah  yang instalasinya layak berjumlah 34 rumah dengan persentase 55,73%, sedangkan 27 rumah dinyatakan tidak layak dengan persentase 44,27%. Untuk pemahaman masyarakat terhadap standar instalasi listrik didapatkan hasil sebesar 62.03%.
Kendali Kecepatan Motor DC Menggunakan Pengendali PID dengan Encoder sebagai Feedback
Authors: Nurkholis Putera Muhammad Reza Aditya , Hidayat Rahmat
Published: August 2022

PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controllers are widely used to improve system response , as they offer clear, simple functionality and easy application and use. One of the important roles of the PID controller can be seen in its application to control and stabilize the angular velocity in the reference value of a direct current (DC) motor. The purpose of this research is to implement a PID controller as a DC motor speed controller so that it can understand the characteristics of each PID controller parameter on the system response curve. The test results show that each PID value parameter (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) has different characteristics to the system response. For example, adding the Kp parameter can reduce the steady-state error, reduce the rise time, but can increase the overshot value. Meanwhile, adding the Ki parameter can affect the increase in overshot, reduce the rise time, and reduce or even almost eliminate the steady state error value. Then, adding the Kd parameter can reduce the overshot, reduce the rise time, and increase the undershot.
Aplikasi Pengukuran Kinerja Layanan Perpustakaan berdasarkan ISO 11620:2008
Authors: Mustika Fanisya Alva , Wibawanti Yuni , Suwiyanti Retno
Published: August 2022

Libraries as institutions that manage documents and information services need to be handled professionally by following professional methods and standards. The performance of a library is reflected in its service to users. Therefore, the library needs to always improve the services provided to meet user expectations. To make it easier to measure performance, it is necessary to have an application that processes data and produces reports on the performance of library services. The purpose of this research is to produce an application to measure the performance of library services based on ISO 11620:2008. Applications are made using the Java programming language. From the results of performance measurement, the highest performance value on the user satisfaction indicator is 0.768 and the lowest is on the per capita library staff indicator. The total value of library service performance is 2,142 in the low category.
Mechanical Circulatory Support in Cardiovascular Surgical Patients: Single Center Practice and Experience
Authors: Han Xin , Yao Yun-tai
Published: August 2022

Background: In view of the role of mechanical circulatory support in patients with severe cardiac insufficiency during perioperative period, we searched the relevant articles on mechanical circulatory support at Fuwai Hospital, and analyzed the indications and complications of different mechanical circulatory support methods. Methods: Relevant studies were identified by computerized searches of PubMed, Ovid, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, VIP Data, Chinese BioMedical Literature & Retrieval System (SinoMed), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), using search words (“intra-aortic balloon counter pulsation” OR “IABP” OR “extracorporeal membrane oxygenation” OR “ECMO” OR “ventricular assist device” OR “VAD”) AND (“Fuwai” OR “fuwai”). All studies concerning the application of IABP, ECMO, and VAD at Fuwai Hospital were included, exclusion criteria included: (1) studies published as review, case report or abstract; (2) animal or cell studies; (3) duplicate publications; (4) studies lacking information about outcomes of interest. Results: A total of 36 literatures were selected for analysis. The specific mechanical circulatory support methods of ECMO and VAD retrieved from the studies were VA-ECMO and LVAD. The number of cases using IABP, ECMO, LVAD was 1968, 972, 67; and the survival rate was 80.4%, 54.9%, 56.7%, respectively. The major complications of IABP, ECMO and LVAD were hemorrhage (1.2%, 35.9% and 14.5%), infection (3.7%, 12.7% and 9.7%), acute kidney injury (9.1%, 29.6% and 6.5%), the secondary complications were limb ischemia, neurological events, cardiovascular events and thrombosis. Conclusions: The present study suggested that, IABP, ECMO and VAD, either alone or in combination, were effective and safe mechanical circulation support when managing cardiovascular surgical patients with severe hemodynamic instability at Fuwai Hospital.
Appropriateness of Cardiovascular Imaging in the Initial Assessment of Possible Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Emergency Department
Authors: Vijayakumar Shilpa , Shah Nishant R.
Published: August 2022

Patients presenting with chest pain and related symptoms account for over 6 million emergency department (ED) visits in the United States annually. However, less than 5% of these patients are ultimately diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). ED clinicians face the diagnostic challenge of promptly identifying and treating these high-risk patients amidst the overwhelming majority of lower-risk patients for whom further testing and/or treatment is either unnecessary or non-urgent. To assist with and expedite risk stratification and decision-making in this challenging clinical scenario, diagnostic tools like clinical risk scores and high-sensitivity serum biomarkers have been incorporated into care algorithms within the ED. In this narrative review, we discuss how these tools impact the appropriate use of cardiovascular imaging in the initial assessment of patients presenting to the ED with possible ACS.
Samoviđenje angažmana – jedan segment autobiografije kao istorijskog izvora
Authors: Kuljić Todor
Published: August 2022

Engagement is an important component of autobiography as a historical source. How we remember what we are also depends on how we remember what we did as intellectuals. We shall discuss the ideological and moral side of engagement, the change in the content of engagement after the collapse of socialism, and criticism of the conversion of intellectuals. This paper is also a self-reflective attempt at the writer’s self-perception of professional engagement in scholarly and journalistic contributions and practical activity. Self-reflexive awareness of engagement is not a prisoner of correct hegemonic terms that turn the authentic into a socially acceptable autobiographical past.
„Ne može se više ponoviti 1948. godina!“ Jugoslavija i italijanski komunisti i socijalisti 1957–1962.
Authors: Mišić Saša
Published: August 2022

The paper presents an analysis of relations between Yugoslavia and the two most important parties of the Italian left: the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) at a time when relations between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union deteriorated again. It is an effort to explain the way in which the dispute between Belgrade and Moscow affected the relations of the Yugoslav communists with those Italian parties.
Prvi koraci ka relevantnoj analizi uzroka i ishoda kosovske krize. Nad knjigom Petra Ristanovića Kosovsko pitanje 1974–1989.
Authors: Pelikan Jan
Published: August 2022

The paper presents a review of the book by Petar Ristanović, Kosovsko pitanje 1974–1989 (The Kosovo Question 1974–1989). The results of Ristanović‘s work are placed in the context of previous knowledge on this topic.
Chinese State Media Persuades a Global Audience That the “China Model” is Superior: Evidence From A 19-Country Experiment
Authors: Mattingly Daniel , Incerti Trevor , Ju Changwook , Moreshead Colin , Tanaka Seiki , Yamagishi Hikaru
Published: August 2022

Many are skeptical of the appeal of authoritarian political systems. By contrast, we argue that global audiences will embrace authoritarian models when they believe that autocracies can meet governance challenges better than democracies. We conduct a randomized experiment in 19 countries across 6 continents exposing a global audience to real messages from the Chinese and American governments’ external media arms. We also collect comprehensive data on the external messaging of the Chinese and American governments. We find that exposure to a representative set of Chinese mes- sages strengthens perceptions that the CCP delivers growth, stability, and competent leadership. It also triples the proportion of respondents who think the Chinese system is superior to the American system, from 16 to 54 percent. In head-to-head match- ups, messages from the U.S. government are less persuasive. Our findings show how autocracies build global support by selling growth and competence, with important implications for democratic resilience.
Business Vocabulary in Use
Authors: Sunardi Andhina Ika
Published: August 2022

Business Vocabulary in Use is designed to help intermediate and upper-intermediate learnersof business English improve their business vocabulary. It is for people studying Englishbefore they start work and for those already working who need English in their job.Apart from improving your business vocabulary, the book also helps you to develop thelanguage needed for important business communication skills. You can use the book on yourown for self-study, or with a teacher in the classroom, one-to-one or in groups.
Mekanisme Rehabilitasi Narkoba di Berbagai Negara
Authors: Budiarsih S.H.
Published: August 2022

Masalah penyalahgunaan narkoba saat ini sangat mengkhawatirkan. Hal ini dikarenakan pengguna narkoba tidak hanya berasal dari masyarakat kota melainkan masyarakat desa yang juga merupakan pengguna narkoba. Masalah penyalahgunaan narkoba mempunyai tingkat bahaya yang kompleks (Amanda, Humaedi, and Santoso 2017). Penggunaan narkoba dapat merusak pola kehidupan keluarga, masyarakat, serta kehidupan yang dapat mengancam kelangsungan hidup generasi bangsa. Saat ini pengguna terbesar narkoba adalah anak-anak dan remaja. Remaja rentan menjadi sasaran peredaran narkoba karena mental dan rasa ingin tau serta keinginan untuk mencoba yang tinggi (Simangunsong 2015). Selain itu penyebab remaja menggunakan narkoba yaitu kurangnya pengendalian diri, konflik individu, kurangnya control keluarga, kurangnya pendidikan mengenai bahaya narkoba, serta kurangnya penerapan disiplin dan tanggung jawab pada remaja. Pemerintah telah melakukan upaya dalam mencegah dan menanggulangi penyalahgunaan narkoba yang dibantu oleh pihak berwajib dan BNN dengan menangkap pengedar dan pengguna narkoba yang berkeliaran bebas dilingkungan masyarakat (Tarigan 2017)
Is hydrogen bonding a feature of mosquito-transmitted diseases?
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Ouyang Jess Lan , Wang Yuchuan , Liu Qiuyun
Published: August 2022

Disorders with mosquitoes as vector show symptoms of high fever, diarrhea, vomiting, etc., a sign of excess proton pool or water affinity for the production of ATP via respiratory chain, hydrogen bonding to water, or stomach acid like HCl.
Screening for in vitro systematic reviews: a comparison of screening methods and training of a machine learning classifier
Authors: Wilson Emma , Cruz Florenz Anne , Maclean Duncan , Ghanawi Joly , McCann Sarah , Brennan Paul M , Liao Jing , Sena Emily , Macleod Malcolm Robert
Published: August 2022

Existing strategies to identify relevant studies for systematic review may not perform equally well across research domains. We compare four approaches based on either human or automated screening of either title and abstract or full text; and report the training of a machine learning algorithm to identify in vitro studies from bibliographic records.We used a systematic review of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in PC-12 cells to compare approaches. For human screening, two reviewers independently screened studies based on title and abstract or full text, with disagreements reconciled by a third. For automated screening, we applied text mining to either title and abstract or full text. We trained a machine learning algorithm with decisions from 2,000 randomly selected PubMed Central records enriched with a dataset of known in vitro studies.Full text approaches performed best, with human (sensitivity 0.990, specificity 1.000, precision 0.994) outperforming text mining (sensitivity 0.972, specificity 0.980, precision 0.764). For title and abstract, text mining (sensitivity 0.890, specificity 0.995, precision 0.922) outperformed human screening (sensitivity 0.862, specificity 0.998, precision 0.975). At our target sensitivity of 95% the algorithm performed with specificity of 0.850 and precision of 0.700.In this in vitro systematic review, human screening based on title and abstract erroneously excluded 14% of relevant studies, perhaps because title and abstract provide an incomplete description of methods used. Our algorithm might be used as a first selection phase in in vitro systematic reviews to limit the extent of full text screening required.
A genetic model of the magnetite-apatite deposits on El Laco volcano by extrusion of iron-rich melt
Authors: Keller Tobias , Tornos Fernando , Hanchar John , Pietruszka Dorota , Soldati Arianna , Dingwell Donald , Suckale Jenny
Published: August 2022

Magnetite-apatite deposits are important sources of iron and other metals. A prominent exam- ple are the magnetite lavas at the El Laco volcano, Northern Chile. Their formation processes remain debated. Here, we test the genetic hypothesis that an Fe-rich melt separated from silicate magma and ascended along collapse-related fractures. We complement recent analy- ses with thermodynamic modelling to corroborate Fe-Si liquid immiscibility evident in melt inclusions at El Laco and present viscometry of Fe- and Si-rich melts to assess the time and length scales of immiscible liquid separation. Using a rock deformation model, we demonstrate that volcano collapse can form failure zones extending towards the edifice flanks along which the ore liquid ascends towards extrusion driven by vapour exsolution despite its high density. Our results support the proposed magmatic genesis for the El Laco deposits. Geochemical and textural similarities indicate magnetite-apatite deposits elsewhere form by similar processes.
Much of Zero Emissions Commitment Occurs Before Reaching Net Zero Emissions
Authors: Koven Charles , Sanderson Benjamin , Swann Abigail
Published: August 2022

We explore the response of the Earth’s climate and carbon system to an idealized sequential addition and removal of CO2 to the atmosphere, following a symmetric and continuous emissions pathway, in contrast to the discontinuous emissions pathways that have largely informed our understanding of the climate response to net-zero and net-negative emissions to date. We find, using both an Earth System Model and an ensemble of simple climate model realizations, that warming during the emissions reduction and negative emissions phases is defined by a combination of a proportionality of warming to cumulative emissions characterized by the transient climate response to emissions (TCRE), and a deviation from that proportionality that is governed by the zero emissions commitment (ZEC). About half of the ZEC is realized before reaching zero emissions, and the ZEC thus also controls the timing between peak cumulative CO2 emissions and peak temperature, such that peak temperature may occur before peak cumulative emissions if ZEC is negative, underscoring the importance of ZEC in climate policies aimed to limit peak warming. Thus we argue that ZEC is best defined as the committed warming relative to the expected TCRE proportionality, rather than the additional committed warming that will occur after reaching net zero CO2 emissions. Once established, the combined TCRE and ZEC relationship holds almost to complete removal of prior cumulative CO2 emissions. As cumulative CO2 emissions approach zero through negative CO2 emissions, CO2 concentrations drop below preindustrial values, while residual long-term climate change continues, governed by multicentennial dynamical processes.
Behavioural sciences contribution to suppressing transmission of Covid-19 in the United Kingdom: A systematic literature review
Authors: Hubbard Gill , den Daas Chantal , Dixon Diane , Johnston Marie , Maier mona , Dunsmore Jennifer , Polson Rob
Published: August 2022

Background: Governments have relied on their citizens to adhere to a variety of transmission reducing behaviours (TRBs) to suppress the Covid-19 pandemic. Understanding the psychological and sociodemographic predictors of adherence to TRBs will be heavily influenced by the particular theories used by researchers. This review aims to identify the theories and theoretical constructs used to understand adherence to TRBs during the pandemic within the UK social and legislative context.Methods: A systematic review identified studies to understand TRBs of adults in the UK during the pandemic. Identified theoretical constructs were coded to the Theoretical Domains Framework. Data are presented as a narrative summary.Results: Thirty-five studies (n=211,209) investigated 123 TRBs, applied 13 theoretical frameworks and reported 50 sociodemographic characteristics and 130 psychological constructs. Most studies used social cognition theories to understand TRBs and employed cross-sectional designs. Risk of sampling bias was high. Relationships between constructs and TRBs varied but, in general, beliefs about the disease (e.g., severity, and risk perception) and about TRBs (e.g., behavioural norms) influenced behavioural intentions and self-reported adherence. More studies than not found that older people and females were more adherent.Conclusions: Behavioural scientists in the UK generated a significant and varied body of work to understand TRBs during the pandemic. However, more use of theories that do not rely on deliberative processes to effect behaviour change and study designs better able to support causal inferences should be used in future to inform public health policy and practice.
Using a cognitive model to analyze Big Five
Authors: Friesen Lorin
Published: August 2022

Big Five is a popular system of personality categories that began as a list of words describing personality traits gathered from the dictionary. Mental symmetry is a cognitive meta-theory that began as a system of cognitive styles which models the mind as seven interacting cognitive modules. This paper uses mental symmetry to analyze Big Five from a cognitive perspective. In brief, four of the Big Five categories describe various aspects of emotional behavior that the average person would label as unusual, while the final category of Conscientiousness describes the mental circuit of technical thought as viewed from the perspective of the average person.
Solution of the Black-Scholes Equation by Finite Difference Schemes
Authors: D C Ganga Ram , Uprety Kedar Nath , Khanal Harihar
Published: August 2022

Black-Scholes (BS) equation is a popular mathematical model for determining the value of option in financial derivatives. To predict the option value during the contract of the option is a big problem. Several studies have been shown that the option price value can be determined by applying different methods. In this paper, we have discussed three finite difference methods: Explicit, Implicit and Crank-Nicolson for solving Black-Scholes equation for European call option and compared the obtained results with the exact value. It is found that the Crank-Nicolson method is more accurate and cost effective in comparison with explicit and implicit methods.
A Brief Review on Maximum Flows in Networks with Continuous-Time Settings
Authors: Chand Madan Bahadur , Dhamala Tanka Nath
Published: August 2022

Discrete and continuous time dynamic flow problems have been studied for decades. The purpose of the network flow problem is to find the maximum flow that can be sent from the source node to the destination node. Our aim is to review the general class of continuous time dynamic flow problems. We discuss about static cut and generalized dynamic cut, the latter one used to prove the maximum flow minimum cut theorem in continuous case.
A Survey on Gruss-Type Inequalities by Means of Different Generalized Fractional Integrals
Authors: Jha Shamvu , Bhatta Chet Raj
Published: August 2022

In this survey paper, we review a generalization of Gruss - type inequality by means of two different operators, one through K - fractional integral and other through Katugampola fractional integral. We state some related theorems, corollaries and their proofs. We study how results are interrelated?
Out-Performing Bias-Corrected GCM Models and CMIP6-Based Precipitation and Temperature Projections for the Bagmati Irrigation Area
Authors: Raila Shiva Nath , Acharya Raju , Ghimire Sudan , Adhikari Subash , Khanal Saroj , Mishra Yogendra , Lamichhane Manoj
Published: August 2022

The selection of General circulation models (GCMs) and suitable bias correction methods for any particular study area in very crucial for the projection of precipitation and temperature using climate models which can be used for estimating the future crop water requirement. The results of a General Circulation Model (GCM) are being downscaled and compared to a baseline climatology for two IPCC scenarios (ssp245 and ssp585) based on Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate model. We choose four GCMs models out of ten by evaluating their performance to observe historical data. Performance indicators (NSE, PBAIS, and RSR) are computed by comparing bias-corrected historical data with observed historical data. We found that GCM models EC-Earth3, NorESM2-MM, GDFL-ESM4, and IPSL-CM6A-LR showed a higher rating for maximum and minimum temperature, and GCM models EC-Earth3, NorESM2-MM, GDFLESM4, and MPI-ESM2-MM showed a higher rating for precipitation. Among the different bias correction functions power Xo transformation and Power transformed functions, Bernoulli’s Weibull showed the best performance for minimum temperature), maximum temperature, and precipitation, respectively. These models and bias correction could be used to project the climate variables of the surrounding basins.
Contributions of Guthi System for the Protection of Heritage
Authors: Subedi Salik Ram
Published: August 2022

The main objective of this article is to illustrate the roles of the Guthi system in Nepalese society. The paper discusses the contribution of Guthi system for the protection of heritage in the Kathmandu Valley. Effects of technological advancement on the ability of the Guthi system to preserve and maintain tangible and intangible cultural heritages of Nepal are yet inalienable aspects of the research. The Guthi system seems to have been focusing on the preservation of the religious, cultural, and social services along with organizing and performing rituals, Jatra, festival, chariot, worshiping deities, promotion, and protection of temples and monasteries. The establishment of the Guthi system was based on the social and cooperative promotion of such cultural and religious aspects. This system has endured a number of centuries the backbone of Nepalese culture and community. Guthi endowments were/are given to religious and charitable institutions. Lands are granted in order to maintain temples, hold religious ceremonies, support the population, and so on.
Soul in Vedanta Metaphysics and Emersonian Philosophy
Authors: Chalise Keshav Raj
Published: August 2022

Vedanta philosophy, as the foundation of Hindu philosophy, has talked much about the existence and role of Atma in life in depth, and Atma’s relationship to Paramatma as the unity of the worldly living beings and the absolute, Brahma. This notion deals with the idea that Atma is immortal and unchanged, but it undergoes transformation from body to body. The western Christian philosophy also has the notion of Atma with the name "the soul," but Christian philosophy gives the message of the changeability of the soul. Being brought up in Christian culture and tradition, Emerson focuses on the soul's spirituality in his writings and develops the theory of transcendentalism, but as influenced by Vedantic philosophy, his concept of the soul departs from pure Christian tradition and gets linked with the Vedantic concept of Atma and Paramatma. This study examines how Vedanta metaphysics and Emersonian transcendentalism share common ground in the perception of Atma and Paramatma, and finds the connection between Vedantic metaphysical notion of the soul as Atma and Paramatma and American transcendental view of the soul and the Over-soul proposed in Emerson’s writings. This study is significant to make a meaningful connection between the Eastern Vedic viewpoints with the Western viewpoints in the mode of philosophical understanding.
A Comparative Study of Ghā̃tu Performance and Balan Dance
Authors: Gurung Raj Kumar
Published: August 2022

The study employs the performance theory to analyze Ghā̃tu performance and Balan dance. They are popular cultural activities because of the beauty of artistic presentations with historical values. This bond symbolizes the harmonious relations of human beings. The network of dance masters, dancers, and audiences plays a vital role in performance. They are bound in such a way that they cannot get separated. Because of such cultural activities, man-to-man relations become strong in village life compared to urban life. After the dance masters begin to sing, the dancers begin dancing in full accordance with the words and tunes. As a result, audiences also perform the same indirectly. The performance audience is much more worth having than the performance of the two. In the performance, all the audiences get connected unknowingly. Physically, only the dance master and dancer perform but mentally, the audiences also perform at the same rate. Performance theory calls this kinesthetic impact, and kinesthetic impact is such an impact that moves the audience. It is not only the singer singing the song and the dancer dancing, it is the audiences who are singing and dancing simultaneously. Thus, this paper focuses on Ghā̃tu and Balan in the context of human identities, although a few researchers have worked on this site. The dancing art of Ghā̃tu and Balan is very peculiar and incomparable to hundreds of other dance performances. So, the performativity of both dances surprises the audience.
Modes and Approaches of Teaching and Learning Writing in BBS First Year
Authors: Timalsina Ramji
Published: August 2022

This article analyses the planning, process and application of Patterns for College Writing: A rhetorical reader and guide that has been prescribed as a textbook for BBS first year English course in Tribhuvan University Nepal since 2019. The analysis focuses on two aspects of the textbook: the making of the textbook to facilitate the students’ writing in the classroom and the practical outcome of the application of the textbook in real classroom setting. The first aspect concentrates on the textbook itself, whereas the second one is on a survey among the instructor of the same textbook. The analysis of the textbook shows that the course is well structured and so is useful for the writing class in the college level. But the survey has indicated the mismatch between the process designed in the book and its real application in the classroom. Some good practices have indicated that if the academic institutions, instructors and students work honestly for the students’ skill development, this textbook can be a good guide for developing an international level writing skill of students in Nepal.
Problems and Prospectus of Mushroom Farming in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Krishna Raj , Dhungel Bashu Dev
Published: August 2022

Mushroom farming is popular among farmers worldwide since consumers demand it as a vegetable and rich source of protein. Farming itself has been surrounded by various problems in Nepal, like countries worldwide. Based on primary data, it was revealed that open border was the main problem faced by Nepalese farmers to get reasonable price of mushrooms. 56.7 % of respondents opined that there is a market problem as well as poor technologies in the time of cultivation and harvesting of product. Forty-three percent of the respondents had a market problem but no poor technology. It can be explained as better technology used in the field of production. Total production starts to increase and may not have a market problem. Seventy-five percent of the farmers believed there was no adequate fund or irrigation facility. High cost and middle man problems were felt by 90 percent of farmers. There was a labour problem and a lack of training. Only 20 % have training in this farming. These two variables were statistically significant. P-Value is less than .05 > .002 show their association. 90 % of the farmer has an open border, which is the cause of a decrease in mushroom farming. These variables are statistically significant. P-Value is less than .05 > .03, representing a close relationship between these problems. Eliminating such problems may open the door to more investment, employment and income in the national economy.
Perception towards Firm Value in Nepalese Banking Sector
Authors: Gautam Madhusudan
Published: August 2022

Determining firm value in commercial banks is challenging because its value is affected by various internal and external determinants. Using a structured questionnaire, this study aims to assess a survey on the perception of firm value in Nepalese commercial banks. Three hundred questionnaires were distributed equally among depositors and investors. Among them, 183 questionnaires were collected into usable form. The findings revealed that depositors and investors perceive that deposit, profitability, capital adequacy and good governance affect bank value. Publication of financial reports is one of the major influencing factors of bank value. Credit risk has a negative effect on firm value in banks. Finally, the study concludes that firm value primarily depends on managerial efficiency followed by market information, strong liquidity position, credit risk, earnings position, use of the loan, leverage and size, respectively, in Nepalese commercial banks.
Determinan Return Saham pada Perusahaan Subsektor Makanan dan Minuman
Authors: Ningsih Wahyu , Ermalina Ermalina
Published: August 2022

Kajian ini berpusat pada organisasi sub area food and refreshment yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2016-2020. Populasi dalam tinjauan ini adalah 26 organisasi dan 10 organisasi yang dicicipi dengan menggunakan pengujian purposive berdasarkan standar tertentu. Dalam ulasan ini, pencipta menggunakan teknik asosiatif dengan metodologi kuantitatif. Informasi dalam tinjauan ini menggunakan informasi tambahan dari ringkasan fiskal tahunan setiap organisasi dan informasi stok yang dicatat setiap bulan. Penyelidikan informasi dengan uji t dan Moderated Regression Analysis menggunakan program Eviews 10. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa faktor Debt to Equity Ratio, Price Earning Ratio dan Beta pada tingkat tertentu berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap return saham. Nilai Tambah Ekonomi memiliki konsekuensi merugikan yang tidak signifikan terhadap pengembalian saham, sementara Pengembalian Aset memiliki hasil konstruktif yang kritis terhadap pengembalian saham. Dilihat dari uji Moderated Regression Analysis, menunjukkan bahwa adanya Economic Value Added melemahkan hubungan atau tidak mengarahkan faktor Debt to Equity Ratio, Price Earning Ratio, Return on Asset dan Beta terhadap return saham
Determinan Mutu Laporan Keuangan pada Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah (BPKAD) Kabupaten Asahan
Authors: Purba Sahala , Sipayung Tri Dharma , Saragih Abed Nego Sempana
Published: August 2022

Riset ini sangat berguna buat mengkaji mutu laporan keuangan ditinjau dari kompetensi pegawai, sistem pengendalian intern, pemanfaatan teknologi informasi serta pelaksanaan sistem akuntansi keuangan daerah. Tata cara analisis data yang dilakukan dalam riset ini adalah menggunakan linier berganda. Riset ini dilakukan pada pemerintahan Kabupaten Asahan tepatnya pada Badan Pengelola Keuangan serta Kekayaan Daerah. Adapun yang menjadi sampel dalam riset ini adalah berjumlah 45 orang dan waktu riset ini  dilakukan pada bulan Oktober sampai Nopember 2021. Adapun hasil riset ini menyatakan bahwa kompetensi sumber daya manusia dan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi berpengaruh positif serta signifikan terhadap mutu laporan keuangan daerah yang artinya jika kompentensi sumber daya manusia dan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi semakin bagus akan diikuti oleh mutu laporan keuangan yang semakin bagus, tetapi tidak sejalan dengan sistem pengendalian intern dan penerapan akuntansi keuangan daerah yang tidak berpengaruh terhadap mutu laporan keuangan, itu berarti semakin baik sistem pengendalian intern dan penerapan akuntansi keuangan daerah tetapi tidak diikuti oleh kualitas mutu laporan keuangan.