bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Six‐flows on almost balanced signed graphs
Authors: Wang Xiao , Lu You , Zhang Cun‐Quan , Zhang Shenggui
Published: April 2019

In 1983, Bouchet conjectured that every flow‐admissible signed graph admits a nowhere‐zero 6‐flow. By Seymour's 6‐flow theorem, Bouchet's conjecture holds for signed graphs with all edges positive. Recently, Rollová et al proved that every flow‐admissible signed cubic graph with two negative edges admits a nowhere‐zero 7‐flow, and admits a nowhere‐zero 6‐flow if its underlying graph either contains a bridge, or is 3‐edge‐colorable, or is critical. In this paper, we improve and extend these results, and confirm Bouchet's conjecture for signed graphs with frustration number at most two, where the frustration number of a signed graph is the smallest number of vertices whose deletion leaves a balanced signed graph.
Selection and use of decision support alerts in electronic medication management systems in Australian hospitals: a survey of implementers
Authors: Page Natalie J. B. , Baysari Melissa T. , Westbrook Johanna I.
Published: April 2019

Background

Electronic medication management (EMM) systems provide the capacity to enable and configure front‐end clinical decision support (CDS) tools to trigger medication‐related prescribing alerts.

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine how and why alerts were selected for inclusion in inpatient EMM systems in Australian hospitals.

Methods

A semistructured, cross‐sectional survey containing multiple‐choice questions, scaled responses and open‐ended questions was conducted on a purposive sample of key stakeholders from Australian hospitals who had implemented an EMM system.

Results

We interviewed fifteen participants, predominantly pharmacists, representing 26 Australian hospitals that had implemented an EMM system. All hospitals had implemented drug–allergy and drug–drug alerting, and 69% (n = 18) had implemented dose range checking alerting. Implementers reported a high level of customisation of the vendor out‐of‐the box functionality in efforts to improve sensitivity and specificity of alerts and to minimise alert fatigue. For the most frequently implemented alert categories, most respondents reported that they believed there was research evidence to support the benefits of these alerts to improve prescribing behaviours and patient outcomes. Aside from drug–allergy alerts, less than 50% of EMM implementers reported that they thought alerts had improved prescriber behaviour in their hospitals. Few local evaluations of the effects of alerts had been conducted.

Conclusion

The results of this survey provide implementers with new insights into the experiences of Australian hospitals to inform the design and implementation of effective medication prescribing alerts. They also highlight the urgent need for robust evaluations of prescribing alerts in Australian healthcare contexts.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound Parameters in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Additional Criteria for Diagnosis
Authors: Gonzalez‐Suarez Consuelo B. , Fidel Belinda C. , Cabrera Jan Tyrone C. , Dela Cruz Fatima C. , Gesmundo Maria Veronica T. , Regala Carina Fatima G. , Saratan Rochelle , Suarez Charidy G. , Grimmer Karen
Published: April 2019

Objectives

To determine the diagnostic capacity of ultrasound (US) in detecting carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods

Volunteer adults with and without CTS symptoms were recruited from offices in metropolitan Manila, where employees’ work was hand/wrist intensive. Carpal tunnel syndrome was independently diagnosed by a reference standard (positive findings on a physical examination and nerve conduction studies). Blinded US measurements were taken of the median nerve (cross‐sectional area, hypervascularity, wrist‐to‐forearm ratio, wrist‐forearm difference, swelling ratio, flattening ratio, and palmar bowing of the flexor retinaculum) at the carpal tunnel inlet and carpal tunnel outlet (CTO).

Results

A total of 117 eligible consenting participants (234 hands) were included, with 54 hands (23.1%) with a diagnosis of CTS. There were no anthropometric differences between arms with and without CTS. Men and women older than 33 years were 5 times more likely to report CTS than younger people. A CTO wrist‐forearm difference of greater than 0.03 cm had the strongest association with CTS (odds ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–15.9), with an area under the curve of 0.58 (sensitivity, 94.4%; specificity, 21.7%). The area under the curve increased to 0.59 when the next strongest measurement (CTO hypervascularity of 1+: odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.8–8.1) was included (sensitivity, 98.1%; specificity, 27.7%). Adding further US parameters did not improve the diagnostic capacity of US for CTS. Diagnostic capacity was independent of age and the duration of CTS symptoms.

Conclusions

Combining US findings for the CTO wrist‐forearm difference and hypervascularity provides a sensitive, alternative diagnostic tool for CTS.
The genetic diversity of plastids associated with mixotrophic oligotrich ciliates
Authors: Johnson Matthew D. , Beaudoin David J.
Published: April 2019

Mixotrophic oligotrich ciliates use plastids sequestered from algal prey to acquire energy and metabolic products from photosynthesis. We isolated mixotrophic oligotrichs from coastal waters off Massachusetts (MA) and California (CA), as well as from two freshwater ponds in MA, and identified associated plastid 23S rRNA genes. Ciliates were identified using a combination of microscopy and 18S rRNA phylogeny, and included Laboea strobila and various Pseudotontonia, Spirotontonia, and Strombidium species from marine waters, and Limnostrombidium viride from freshwater. Overall, nearly half of all plastid sequences recovered from ciliates were haptophytes, followed by 15–20% for stramenopiles and chlorophytes, and < 10% originating from cryptophyte algae. No plastid sequences were from dinoflagellates. Cells of Strombidium ‘biarmatum’ collected from coastal MA in spring and fall possessed mostly Micromonas plastids, but during spring also possessed cryptophyte sequences. During spring, L. strobila were found to have a mix of chlorophyte, cryptophyte, haptophyte, and stramenopile sequences, while a co‐occurring Strombidium sp. had mostly chlorophyte and haptophyte sequences. Mixotrophic Pseudotontonia and Spirotontonia spp. were sampled during summer from coastal MA and in Monterey Bay, CA, and cells from both populations were dominated (> 70%) by haptophyte plastids of similar phylogenetic origin. L. viride were also evaluated from two freshwater ponds and possessed mostly Chrysochromulina sp. (haptophyte) and synurid (stramenopile) sequences. These results are the first survey of the genetic diversity of plastids associated with pelagic mixotrophic oligotrich ciliates and suggest that some species may selectively retain plastids from certain algal groups, while others appear to be generalists.
Optimal decay for plates with rotational inertia and memory
Authors: Oquendo Higidio Portillo , Astudillo María
Published: April 2019

We study the asymptotic behavior of a linear plate equation with effects of rotational inertia and a fractional damping in the memory term:
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201800170:mana201800170-math-0001where and the kernel g is exponentially decreasing. The main result of this work is the polynomial decay of their solutions when . We prove that the solutions decay with the rate and also that the decay rate is optimal. Furthermore, when , we obtain the exponential decay of the solutions.
Gut microbiome interventions in human health and diseases
Authors: Nie Pengqing , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Yimeng , Zhang Yubing , Zhao Mengna , Luo Jie , Du Shiming , Deng Zixin , Chen Jincao , Wang Yunfu , Chen Shi , Wang Lianrong
Published: April 2019

Ongoing studies have determined that the gut microbiota is a major factor influencing both health and disease. Host genetic factors and environmental factors contribute to differences in gut microbiota composition and function. Intestinal dysbiosis is a cause or a contributory cause for diseases in multiple body systems, ranging from the digestive system to the immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, and even nervous system. Investigation of pathogenesis has identified specific species or strains, bacterial genes, and metabolites that play roles in certain diseases and represent potential drug targets. As research progresses, gut microbiome–based diagnosis and therapy are proposed and applied, which might lead to considerable progress in precision medicine. We further discuss the limitations of current studies and potential solutions.
Dhage iterative principle for quadratic perturbation of fractional boundary value problems with finite delay
Authors: Gupta Vidushi , Bora Swaroop Nandan , Nieto Juan J.
Published: April 2019

In this article, by employing Dhage iterative method embodied in current hybrid fixed point theorem (HFPT) of Dhage, we derive an algorithm for the numerical solutions via construction of a sequence of successive approximations for a fractional order boundary value problem (FBVP) with finite delay. By using this technique, we obtain existence as well as approximation of solutions under weaker partial Lipschitz and partial compactness type conditions in a partially ordered Banach space. Additionally, we prove an existence and uniqueness theorem under a weaker partial nonlinear Lipschitz condition. The assumptions and main outcomes are also illustrated by two examples.
Genetic Stock Identification Reveals That Angler Harvest Is Representative of Cryptic Stock Proportions in a High-Profile Kokanee Fishery
Authors: Ward Hillary G. M. , Askey Paul J. , Weir Tyler , Frazer Karen K. , Russello Michael A.
Published: April 2019

Estimating fishery harvest and spawning escapement (spawning stock size) are critical components of fisheries management; however, they can be particularly challenging to measure in systems where visually indistinguishable, but reproductively isolated populations mix within a single fishing area. Genetic stock identification is a common tool used in such mixed-stock fisheries to improve estimates of spawning escapement and productivity; however, there are few references for management applications, particularly for inland recreational fisheries. The kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka population in Wood Lake, British Columbia, is a highly productive and valuable mixed-stock fishery that includes two reproductively distinct ecotypes: shore- and stream-spawning. Enumeration of shore-spawning kokanee is logistically challenging, as the spawning population is not confined to a defined area or depth like stream-spawners. Here, we combined in-lake sampling (angler harvest and age-0 trawl samples) over a 9-year period (2008–2016) with genetic stock identification and Bayesian statistics to develop a new method for enumerating shore-spawning kokanee. Our results suggest that angler-harvested kokanee are representative of the spawner age structure and stock proportions. Therefore, we used the angler harvest sample combined with known stream-spawner escapement to reconstruct the shore-spawner escapement time series. Shore-spawner abundance varied between 2,040 spawners and 13,460 spawners across years, which is over four times that previously predicted using the peak estimate of visual survey counts. Our results demonstrate the recovery of both the shore- and stream-spawning kokanee in Wood Lake following a well-documented crash in 2011 and suggest that a larger harvestable surplus is available for this high-value kokanee fishery.
A guidance framework to aid in the selection of nursing and midwifery care process metrics and indicators
Authors: Murphy Fiona , Doody Owen , Lyons Rosemary , Brenner Maria , O’Connor Laserina , Hunter Andrew , Devane Declan , Sezgin Duygu
Published: April 2019

Aim

To describe the development of a guidance framework to assist nurses and midwives in selecting nursing and midwifery care process metrics and indicators for use in practice.

Background

Process metrics are measures of care provision activities by nurses and midwives.

Methods

Phase 1 was a rapid review assessment of the literature conducted to identify an initial framework. Six electronic databases were searched with Google Scholar and reference tracking performed. Phase 2 was expert review of the developing framework by nursing and midwifery experts in practice, academia and an international expert in quality care metrics.

Results

The literature assessment yielded 28 papers with 59 metric attributes identified. From this, a six‐domain framework was developed. Following expert review, the framework was reduced to four domains: “Process Focused,” “Important,” “Operational” and “Feasible.”

Conclusions

This is the first framework specifically to guide nurses and midwives in selecting nursing and midwifery process metrics and indicators.
DIY artificial pancreas systems: here to stay?
Authors: Crabtree Thomas SJ , McLay Alasdair , Wilmot Emma G
Published: April 2019

Diabetes technology has been advancing rapidly over recent years. While some of this is driven by medical technology companies, a lot of the driving force for these developments comes from people living with diabetes (#WeAreNotWaiting) who have developed their own ‘do‐it‐yourself’ artificial pancreas systems (DIY APS) using continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps and smartphone technology to run algorithms shared freely with the intent of improving quality of life and glycaemic control. Existing evidence, although observational, seems promising but more robust data are required to establish the safety and outcomes. This is unregulated technology and the off‐label use of interstitial glucose monitors and insulin pumps can be disconcerting for people living with diabetes, health care professionals, organisations, and diabetes technology companies alike.

Here we discuss the principles of DIY APS, the outcomes observed so far and the feedback from users, and debate the ethical issues which arise before looking to the future and newer technologies on the horizon. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons.
All‐cause pneumonia in children after the introduction of pneumococcal vaccines in the United Kingdom: A population‐based study
Authors: Lau Wallis C.Y. , Bielicki Julia , Tersigni Chiara , Saxena Sonia , Wong Ian C.K. , Sharland Mike , Hsia Yingfen
Published: April 2019

Purpose

To explore the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in preventing childhood pneumonia in the United Kingdom.

Methods

We carried out a population‐based study to assess the trend of all‐cause pneumonia in children aged under 10 years between 2002 and 2012. Data were obtained from the IMS Disease Analyser, a primary care database in the United Kingdom. Three time periods were defined to estimate monthly incidence: pre‐PCV7 (January 2002 to August 2006), post‐PCV7 (September 2006 to March 2010), and post‐PCV13 (April 2010 to December 2012). Interrupted time series analysis (ITS) was performed to assess any immediate change or gradual change in the monthly incidence of pneumonia between prevaccination and postvaccination introduction.

Results

A total of 4228 children with at least one all‐cause pneumonia episode were identified. The overall annual incidence rate of all‐cause pneumonia declined by 37% from 3.8 episodes/1000 person‐years in 2002 to 2.4 episodes/1000 person‐years in 2012. Results of ITS analyses indicated that the incidence did not decline immediately after the introduction of PCV7 and PCV13. The incidence declined gradually in children aged under 2 years (IRR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97‐0.99) post PCV7 and levelled off during post PCV13 (IRR = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99‐1.02). No significant changes in incidence trend was observed in children aged 2 to 4 years (IRR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.68‐1.07) and 5 to 9 years (IRR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.73‐1.15) after PCV13 introduction.

Conclusions

In the United Kingdom, the incidence of all‐cause pneumonia in children under 2 years declined after the introduction of PCV7 and levelled off in the first 2 years of introduction of PCV13. Continual monitoring is warranted to assess the population impact of PCV13 in preventing childhood pneumonia in the long term.
Dyadic associations between perceived social support and cancer patient and caregiver health: An actor‐partner interdependence modeling approach
Authors: Kelley Dannielle E. , Kent Erin E. , Litzelman Kristin , Mollica Michelle A. , Rowland Julia H.
Published: April 2019

Objective

Social support may have a positive impact on health outcomes for patients and caregivers, but the extent to which social support and health outcomes are interrelated for both is unknown. We examine the dyadic interrelationships between social support and health among cancer patients and their caregivers.

Methods

Lung and colorectal cancer (CRC) patient and caregiver dyadic data were obtained from the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium. Patients and caregivers self‐reported sociodemographic, social support, and caregiving characteristics at 5 (n = 218 lung; n = 222 CRC) or 12 months post‐diagnosis (n = 198 lung; n = 290 CRC). Structural equation modeling was used to examine actor‐partner interdependence models (APIM) of lung and CRC dyads at 5 and 12 months post‐diagnosis.

Results

At 5 months post‐diagnosis, no interdependence between patient and caregiver social support was detected for CRC or lung dyads (all P > 0.05). At 12 months post diagnosis, no interdependence was detected for CRC dyads (all P > 0.70); lung dyads showed complete interdependence, indicating patient social support is associated with better caregiver self‐reported health (β = 0.15, P < 0.001), and caregiver social support is associated with better patient self‐reported health (β = 0.18, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Social support has a positive impact on patient and caregiver perceived health across the cancer trajectory, and these effects may differ by cancer site and time. Future research and translational efforts are needed to identify effective ways to bolster both patient and caregiver social support and to determine critical moments for intervention.
Cell Encapsulation in Soft, Anisometric Poly(ethylene) Glycol Microgels Using a Novel Radical‐Free Microfluidic System
Authors: Guerzoni Luis P. B. , Rose Jonas C. , Gehlen David B. , Jans Alexander , Haraszti Tamàs , Wessling Matthias , Kuehne Alexander J. C. , De Laporte Laura
Published: April 2019

Complex 3D artificial tissue constructs are extensively investigated for tissue regeneration. Frequently, materials and cells are delivered separately without benefitting from the synergistic effect of combined administration. Cell delivery inside a material construct provides the cells with a supportive environment by presenting biochemical, mechanical, and structural signals to direct cell behavior. Conversely, the cell/material interaction is poorly understood at the micron scale and new systems are required to investigate the effect of micron‐scale features on cell functionality. Consequently, cells are encapsulated in microgels to avoid diffusion limitations of nutrients and waste and facilitate analysis techniques of single or collective cells. However, up to now, the production of soft cell‐loaded microgels by microfluidics is limited to spherical microgels. Here, a novel method is presented to produce monodisperse, anisometric poly(ethylene) glycol microgels to study cells inside an anisometric architecture. These microgels can potentially direct cell growth and can be injected as rod‐shaped mini‐tissues that further assemble into organized macroscopic and macroporous structures post‐injection. Their aspect ratios are adjusted with flow parameters, while mechanical and biochemical properties are altered by modifying the precursors. Encapsulated primary fibroblasts are viable and spread and migrate across the 3D microgel structure.
Chlorine Effects of Heterocyclic Ring‐Based Donor Polymer for Low‐Cost and High‐Performance Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Jeon Sung Jae , Han Yong Woon , Moon Doo Kyung
Published: April 2019

The industrialization of polymer solar cells (PSCs) requires high‐performance devices with high efficiencies and stabilities. Although high‐performance PSCs are achieved via outstanding research into their component materials and device structures, several challenges still need to be overcome, including the synthetic complexity (SC) of producing the active material. In this study, donor polymers based on two heterocyclic rings and simple donor–acceptor structures are designed to obtain a low‐cost material for PSCs. An inexpensive and high‐performance donor polymer P(Cl) is realized by the introduction of a chlorine‐atom substitution. P(Cl), which has lower SC than commercial donor polymers, has many advantages, such as high overall yield, low number of synthetic steps, and inexpensive raw materials. Moreover, fabricated P(Cl)‐based PSCs exhibit a high power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.14%. Through the shelf protocol of the international summit on organic photovoltaics stability in dark testing‐1 (ISOS‐D‐1) measurements, superior long‐term stability is demonstrated for P(Cl)‐based devices both without and with encapsulation; their PCEs are maintained at 91% and 100% of the initial values for up to 2002 and 2858 h, respectively, under ambient conditions. Therefore, P(Cl) is a promising donor polymer for commercial PSC applications.
Multivalent Effect in Glycosidase Inhibition: The End of the Beginning
Authors: Compain Philippe
Published: April 2019

Glycosidases are ubiquitous enzymes involved in a diversity of key biological processes such as energy uptake or cell wall degradation. The design of specific glycosidase inhibitors has been therefore the subject of intense research efforts in academia and pharmaceutical industry. However, until recently, the study of the impact of multivalency on glycosidase inhibition was almost completely neglected. The following account will review our ten year journey on the design of multivalent glycomimetics within our research group, from the discovery of the first strong multivalent effect in glycosidase inhibition to the high‐resolution crystal structures of Jack bean α‐mannosidase in complex with the multimeric inhibitor displaying the largest binding enhancements reported so far.
Strategy as Dialogue and Engagement
Authors: Aarrevaara Timo , Pinheiro Rómulo , Söderlind Johan
Published: April 2019

This chapter illuminates two critical aspects underpinning university life in the Nordic countries, namely, who gets involved with strategic processes and to what extent these processes affect behaviour across the organisation. Participation in strategy work was found to be unstable, which in turn further weakens the legitimacy of the strategy. The comparative data also show that some academic staff are not involved in the strategy process at all, and hence do not relate their daily tasks to the goals and/or values expressed in the strategy. The importance of strategies appears to lie in recognising the relevant problems, values, and normative postures, including the excellence and relevance of universities. The findings have implications for policy, practice, and future research inquiries on the topic.
Governing Performance in the Nordic Universities: Where Are We Heading and What Have We Learned?
Authors: Geschwind Lars , Hansen Hanne Foss , Pinheiro Rómulo , Pulkkinen Kirsi
Published: April 2019

In this final chapter, we revisit the overall aims of the volume and discuss the findings and implications for theory, policy, and practice. The general aim of the project has been to study the effects of the changing conditions of the environment under which Nordic higher education institutions operated during the period 2003–2013. A conceptual framework inspired by a typology developed by Johan P. Olsen was applied, focusing on various aspects of governance of universities and also stressing the ability of universities—as institutions—to resist, adapt, and respond to change initiatives from external and internal actors. Based on rich sources of data, including statistics, interviews from eight universities, and a survey to academics, managers, and administrators, the chapter discusses some key takeaways. The study shows that reforms with similar, rationalist agendas have been launched across the four countries. However, our survey and interview data reveal more nuanced and multifaceted experiences, more closely related to institutionalist view of universities.
Fingering instability on curved substrates: optimal initial film and substrate perturbations
Authors: Balestra Gioele , Badaoui Mohamed , Ducimetière Yves-Marie , Gallaire François
Published: April 2019

We investigate the stability of a thin Newtonian fluid spreading on a horizontal cylinder under the action of gravity. The capillary ridge forming at the advancing front is known to be unstable with respect to spanwise perturbations, resulting in the formation of fingers. In contrast to the classic case of a flow over an inclined plane, the gravity components along a cylindrical substrate vary in space and the draining flow is time-dependent, making a modal stability analysis inappropriate. A linear optimal transient growth analysis is instead performed to find the optimal spanwise wavenumber. We not only consider the optimal perturbations of the initial film thickness, as commonly done in the literature, but also the optimal topographical perturbations of the substrate, which are of significant practical relevance. We found that, in both cases, the optimal gains are obtained when the perturbation structures are the least affected by the time horizon. The optimal spanwise wavenumber is found to be dependent on the front location, due to the dependence of the characteristic length of the capillary ridge on its polar location.
Employee engagement: Driving strategy implementation through dimensions of organisation
Authors: Nienaber Hester
Published: April 2019

Research worldwide reports low levels of employee engagement reflecting employee well-being. This observation spells dire consequences for enterprise performance, expressed as goal achievement, and attained via strategy. Strategy implementation failure adds to enterprise performance pressures, while reducing employee well-being. Research investigating employee engagement as driver of strategy implementation through dimensions of organisation is limited. This paper conceptually examines how employee engagement can be enhanced while driving strategy implementation through dimensions of organisation. The Nienaber and Martins (2015,Journal of Contemporary Management, 12(1), 401–425) survey results serve as illustration. The conclusions arrived at here show that all six factors – at individual, team/unit, and enterprise levels – can be classified according to the dimensions of organisation. Moreover, the dimensions of organisation are not necessarily mutually exclusive, but rather interrelated, and influence employee engagement in unexpected ways. The contribution of this paper stems from the promise that dimensions of organisation serve as mechanism to drive strategy implementation via employee engagement.
The North Atlantic Fish Revolution (ca. AD 1500)
Authors: Holm Poul , Ludlow Francis , Scherer Cordula , Travis Charles , Allaire Bernard , Brito Cristina , Hayes Patrick W. , Matthews J. Al , Rankin Kieran J. , Breen Richard J. , Legg Robert , Lougheed Kevin , Nicholls John
Published: April 2019

We propose the concept of the “Fish Revolution” to demarcate the dramatic increase in North Atlantic fisheries after AD 1500, which led to a 15-fold increase of cod (Gadus morhua) catch volumes and likely a tripling of fish protein to the European market. We consider three key questions: (1) What were the environmental parameters of the Fish Revolution? (2) What were the globalising effects of the Fish Revolution? (3) What were the consequences of the Fish Revolution for fishing communities? While these questions would have been considered unknowable a decade or two ago, methodological developments in marine environmental history and historical ecology have moved information about both supply and demand into the realm of the discernible. Although much research remains to be done, we conclude that this was a major event in the history of resource extraction from the sea, mediated by forces of climate change and globalisation, and is likely to provide a fruitful agenda for future multidisciplinary research.
Is there a female cycle of violence after exposure to childhood maltreatment? A meta-analysis
Authors: Augsburger Mareike , Basler Kayley , Maercker Andreas
Published: April 2019

Several studies have demonstrated a vicious cycle of violence, in which experiences of childhood maltreatment (CM) transition into later perpetration of aggressive acts. But evidence for the presence of this cycle in adult women is mixed. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the strength of associations and the mechanisms underlying a cycle of violence in women. Databases were searched for terms related to female aggression, violence, delinquency, antisocial behavior, or offending in addition to exposure to traumatic experiences, abuse, or maltreatment during childhood. Only peer-reviewed studies were included that investigated associations between any type of CM and different acts of aggression. Multi-level meta-analyses were applied, as well as meta-regressions, all based on Cohen's d. K = 34 studies were identified. The overall association between exposure to CM was in the positive but small range (Cohen's d = 0.30). There was no significant difference between specific types of abuse and/or neglect. However, associations were smaller for the perpetration of sexual aggression and violent crime compared with other acts of aggression. These findings underline the long-lasting and devastating impact of CM, including types of maltreatment that were long assumed to be less severe. Due to the limited number of available studies, interactions between types of CM and aggression could not be modeled, thus compromising their probable interacting contribution to the cycle of violence. Early interventions targeting families and women at risk are critical in order to prevent ongoing cycles of violence.
Nanostructured kesterite (Cu2ZnSnS4) for applications in thermoelectric devices
Authors: Isotta E. , Pugno N. M. , Scardi P.
Published: April 2019

Kesterite (Cu2ZnSnS4, CZTS) powders were produced by reactive high-energy milling, starting from stoichiometric mixtures of the elemental components. CZTS forms fine crystals with a cubic structure, which evolves to the stable tetragonal form after thermal treatment. Tablets were produced by cold pressing of the ball milled powder, and sintered up to 660 °C. Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal diffusivity were measured on the sintered tablets, pointing out the positive effect of CZTS nanostructure and of the rather large fraction of porosity: thermal conductivity is rather low (from ~0.8 W/(m K) at 20 °C to ~0.42 W/(m K) at 500 °C), while electrical conduction is not seriously hindered (electrical resistivity from ~8500 µΩ m at 40 °C to ~2000 µΩ m at 400 °C). Preliminary results of thermoelectric behavior are promising.
Distant Taklimakan Desert as an Important Source of Aeolian Deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau as Evidenced by Carbonate Minerals
Authors: Meng Xianqiang , Liu Lianwen , Zhao Wancang , He Tong , Chen Jun , Ji Junfeng
Published: April 2019

It is generally agreed that the aeolian loess on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is derived from adjacent upwind arid areas, mainly including the Qaidam Desert, Alxa arid area, and Ordos Desert. However, the mineralogical and geochemical compositions of aeolian materials show several inconsistencies between these adjacent source areas and the CLP. Here, we compare the distribution of carbonate minerals in bulk samples and the <63‐μm fraction from upwind deserts to six loess sections from the CLP. The results show that the detrital dolomite and total carbonate, which are abundant in the loess of the CLP, are concentrated in the Taklimakan Desert rather than adjacent source areas. This finding suggests that the distant Taklimakan Desert is an important source of aeolian deposits on the CLP, reconciling the mineralogical and geochemical inconsistencies between CLP and adjacent areas.
Simulation of Lunar Soil With Irregularly Shaped, Crushable Grains: Effects of Grain Shapes on the Mechanical Behaviors
Authors: Khademian Zoheir , Kim Eunhye , Nakagawa Masami
Published: April 2019

One of the challenges to overcome in Moon mining operations, such as soil handling, drilling, excavation, and wheeled movement, is understanding the mechanical behaviors of lunar soil, which is composed of grains characterized by highly irregular shapes. The impracticality of performing mechanical experiments on lunar soil samples has made computational techniques useful for exploring the mechanical behaviors of lunar soil. This paper uses particle flow code and describes a procedure for simulating lunar soil grains with specific size, shape, and strength distributions. We adopt data from soil samples 64501 and 60501 retrieved in Apollo 16. Lunar soil samples are simulated as assemblies of different shapes of grains consisting of rigid spheres connected through parallel bonds. We classify grains into four categories based on their shape: agglutinate, breccia A, breccia B, and plagioclase. We simulate each grain based on available imaging studies on their shape characteristics. We reveal the significance of grain shape irregularity through angle‐of‐repose tests on samples with and without irregularly shaped agglutinates. Results show that the shape irregularity increases the angle of repose by 6°. We repeat the test under different gravitational acceleration ranging from 0.1 to 25 m/s2 and show that for values below about 10 m/s2, the angle of repose is inversely related to the gravity but above 10 m/s2, remains independent of the gravity. We perform triaxial compression tests to investigate behaviors of simulated samples under confined loadings. The confinement varies from zero to 15 kPa, corresponding to the lateral in situ stress at depths up to 250 cm. The cohesion and friction angle derived from the triaxial tests are shown to agree with the lab and in situ measurements. This numerical practice and presented methodology pave the way for full‐scale simulation of mining operations on the Moon surface.
Tectonic Evolution of the Western Margin of the Burma Microplate Based on New Fossil and Radiometric Age Constraints
Authors: Aitchison Jonathan C. , Ao Aliba , Bhowmik Santanu , Clarke Geoffrey L. , Ireland Trevor R. , Kachovich Sarah , Lokho Kapesa , Stojanovic Denis , Roeder Tara , Truscott Naomi , Zhen Yan , Zhou Renjie
Published: April 2019

Results of biostratigraphic and geochronological investigations in eastern Nagaland and Manipur, NE India, provide new constraints on the tectonic evolution of the western margin of the Burma microplate. U/Pb zircon ages indicate that the Naga Hills ophiolite developed in a suprasubduction zone setting as part of an intraoceanic island arc developed during late Early Cretaceous (mid‐Aptian) time and is younger than similar rocks exposed along the Indus‐Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone. Radiolarian microfossils provide Jurassic and Cretaceous age constraints for Tethyan ocean floor sediments that were subducted beneath the forming ophiolite. Timing of the emplacement of these rocks onto the passive margin of eastern India is constrained by Paleocene/Eocene radiolarians in sediments over which the ophiolitic assemblage has been thrust. Previously undated schists and gneisses in the Naga Metamorphics are of Early Ordovician age, and their sedimentary protolith was most likely derived from sources in the south of Western Australian and East Antarctica. After Barrovian‐style metamorphism, these rocks were uplifted and eroded becoming an important source of detritus shed into the Eocene Phokphur Formation. This unit also contains abundant clasts sourced from the disrupted basement of the Naga Hills ophiolite, which it overlies. It also contains Permo‐Triassic‐aged detritus eroded off an enigmatic source that was possibly a continental convergent margin arc system somewhere along the northern margin of Gondwana.
The Stat3-Fam3a axis promotes muscle stem cell myogenic lineage progression by inducing mitochondrial respiration
Authors: Sala David , Cunningham Thomas J. , Stec Michael J. , Etxaniz Usue , Nicoletti Chiara , Dall’Agnese Alessandra , Puri Pier Lorenzo , Duester Gregg , Latella Lucia , Sacco Alessandra
Published: April 2019

Metabolic reprogramming is an active regulator of stem cell fate choices, and successful stem cell differentiation in different compartments requires the induction of oxidative phosphorylation. However, the mechanisms that promote mitochondrial respiration during stem cell differentiation are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Stat3 promotes muscle stem cell myogenic lineage progression by stimulating mitochondrial respiration in mice. We identify Fam3a, a cytokine-like protein, as a major Stat3 downstream effector in muscle stem cells. We demonstrate that Fam3a is required for muscle stem cell commitment and skeletal muscle development. We show that myogenic cells secrete Fam3a, and exposure of Stat3-ablated muscle stem cells to recombinant Fam3a in vitro and in vivo rescues their defects in mitochondrial respiration and myogenic commitment. Together, these findings indicate that Fam3a is a Stat3-regulated secreted factor that promotes muscle stem cell oxidative metabolism and differentiation, and suggests that Fam3a is a potential tool to modulate cell fate choices.
Author Correction: Resistance training regulates gene expression of molecules associated with intramyocellular lipids, glucose signaling and fiber size in old rats
Authors: Ribeiro Manoel Benício Teixeira , Guzzoni Vinicius , Hord Jeffrey M. , Lopes Giselle Nunes , de Cássia Marqueti Rita , de Andrade Rosângela Vieira , Selistre-de-Araujo Heloisa Sobreiro , Durigan João Luiz Q.
Published: April 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Short-range order in defective half-Heusler thermoelectric crystals
Authors: Xia Kaiyang , Nan Pengfei , Tan Shihua , Wang Yumei , Ge Binghui , Zhang Wenqing , Anand Shashwat , Zhao Xinbing , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Zhu Tiejun
Published: April 2019

The discovery of short-range order, associated with diffuse bands in electron diffraction patterns, provides new insights into defective half-Heusler thermoelectric crystals.
Diffusion NMR for the characterization, in solution, of supramolecular systems based on calixarenes, resorcinarenes, and other macrocyclic arenes
Authors: Cohen Yoram , Slovak Sarit
Published: April 2019

The use of diffusion NMR in studying calixarenes and other arene-based supramolecular systems is described, emphasizing the pivotal role played by the calixarene community in transforming the methods into a routine tool used in supramolecular chemistry.
Exploiting the trifluoroethyl group as a precatalyst ligand in nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-type alkylations
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhou Qinghai , Cai Junjie , Xue Teng , Liu Yingle , Jiang Yan , Su Yumei , Chung Lungwa , Vicic David A.
Published: April 2019

A bis-trifluoroethyl coordinated nickel/bipyridine complex has been developed as efficient precatalyst for diverse Suzuki-type alkylations which features unconventional precatalyst initiation mode.
Autoregressive model‐enhanced variational mode decomposition for mechanical fault detection
Authors: Liu Hui , Xiang Jiawei
Published: April 2019

Mechanical fault detection is an important research direction attracted a great attention. Variational mode decomposition (VMD) has been widely used due to the ability to generate in highly localised time‐frequency (TF) representation. However, the method usually fails to analyse the non‐stationary signal with the unknown low‐frequency interferences. Combined with autoregressive (AR) model technique, an enhancement version of VMD method is proposed. First, VMD is employed to decompose the raw non‐stationary vibration signal into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which contain the faulty information, and the interference of high‐frequency noises can be almost eliminated. Second, AR model is introduced to further purify each IMF through decreasing the interferences of unknown low‐frequency components. Finally, Hilbert envelope analysis is applied to demodulate the purified signal and the fault can be determined by comparing the demodulation frequency with the theoretical faulty feature frequency. Numerical simulations and experimental investigations are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed method. The comparisons with two combinations, AR model and empirical mode decomposition (EMD), AR model and local mean decomposition (LMD) are given, and the comparative results verify the proposed method is superior to other methods for mechanical fault detection.
Real‐time power monitoring using field‐programmable gate array with IoT technology
Authors: Lee Kok Tong , Mun Hou Kit
Published: April 2019

Automation technologies are often impacted undesirably by downtime caused by machine failures. An approach to overcome machine failures is through failures prediction, achievable via the monitoring of power consumption. Unusual power consumption could serve as an alert for possible machines faults. Real‐time power consumption monitoring is made possible with the deployment of Internet of Things (IoT), which brings together digital cloud computing and conventional automation technology to rapidly increase the efficiency of production. In this work, the authors have developed an IoT‐based power monitoring system to detect unusual power consumption of machines and present the data to users remotely through Android application and cloud storage. The competent integration of Wi‐Fi module ESP8266, CT sensor module and field‐programmable gate array DE1‐SoC board allows the system to accurately measure power consumption and instantaneously store the data in cloud storage. Performance of the developed system was characterised by current measurement of five different loads. The absolute errors, given by the difference between current measured by digital multimeter and the developed system, range from 0.01 to 0.26 A. The close agreement between the two measurements endorses the accuracy and reliability of the real‐time power monitoring system, on top of its easy‐accessibility gifted by IoT.
Selecting appropriate fuzzy PID control structure for power electronic applications
Authors: Al‐Greer Maher , Armstrong Matthew , Pickert Volker
Published: April 2019

A comprehensive library of Fuzzy Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (PID) controllers for power electronic systems has recently presented in the literature. In this library, the authors derived a 27 Fuzzy PID structures and many hybrid Fuzzy PID controllers. This paper is an extended research for the aforementioned work. Here and as a study case, a switched mode power converter (SMPC) application is considered showing the procedure for selecting the applicable structure from the derived FPID library. Such systems require robust, and highly dynamic performance, control schemes to facilitate optimum and high efficiency performance, often under a wide and challenging range of operating conditions. Here, a fuzzy PD + I (FPD + I) structure is directly selected from the derived FPID library. Simulation analysis and experimental validation on a DSP (TMS‐320F28335) controlled prototype synchronous DC‐DC buck converter demonstrate the superior dynamic performance and voltage regulation of the selected FPID structure compared to the conventional CPID control scheme.
Electromagnetic‐thermal coupled modelling and analysis of inter‐turn short‐circuit faults of a permanent magnet alternator
Authors: Chen Liang , Wang Jiabin , Sun Zhigang
Published: April 2019

This paper describes a computationally efficient model for predicting transient and steady‐state behaviours of a permanent magnet alternator (PMA) connected to an asymmetric PWM rectifier and load in aerospace applications under healthy and fault conditions. The model is validated by finite element and circuit coupled co‐simulation. The developed model is used to predict the PMA performance under fault conditions and to identify fault signatures that can be exploited for the development of fault detection techniques. The developed electric model is coupled to the thermal model to predict hotspot temperature of the winding under the worst case inter‐turn short‐circuit condition and to estimate the winding lifetime.
Design of a 100 kHz wide bandgap inverter for motor applications with active damped sine wave filter
Authors: Maislinger Franz , Ertl Hans , Stojcic Goran , Lagler Christoph , Holzner Florian
Published: April 2019

In this study, a three‐phase motor inverter with sinusoidal output voltages based on the application of gallium nitride transistors and advanced control is analysed. In comparison to standard silicon‐insulated gate bipolar transistors much higher feasible switching frequencies of 100 kHz and above are possible and reduce the output sine filter component size such that the filter can be directly included into the inverter. This considerably improves the electromagnetic interference (EMI) behaviour of the drive system as well as the acoustic noise, eases the inverter‐to‐motor wiring and protects the motor isolation against high du /dt rates. The study describes the dimensioning and design of the used two‐stage LC filter including motor current control based on proportional‐integral‐type phase current controllers. The LC filter damping is performed actively by capacitor current feedback. Using this active damping scheme avoids additional losses of conventional sine filters and guarantees high system efficiency up to 98%. Finally, experimental results of a laboratory prototype verify the proper behaviour of the proposed concept.
Fast simulation of transient temperature distributions in power modules using multi‐parameter model reduction
Authors: Dong Xiaojun , Griffo Antonio , Wang Jiabin
Published: April 2019

In this study, a three‐dimensional model with multi‐parameter order reduction is applied to the thermal modelling of power electronics modules with complex geometries. Finite element or finite difference method can be used to establish accurate mathematical models for thermal analyses. Unfortunately, the resulting computational complexity hinders the analysis in parametric studies. This study proposes a parametric order reduction technique that can significantly increase simulation efficiency without significant penalty in the prediction accuracy. The method, based on the block Arnoldi method, is illustrated with reference to a multi‐chip SiC power module mounted on a forced air‐cooled finned heat sink with a variable mass flow rate.
Accuracy improvement for complex harmonic analysis modelling of a wound field synchronous generator
Authors: Zhang Xiaotao , Apsley Judith M. , Jordan Steven
Published: April 2019

Complex harmonic analysis (CHA) provides a computationally efficient alternative to finite element analysis (FEA) for modelling multi‐phase wound field synchronous machines. This paper presents three methods that could improve the accuracy of the CHA: by improving the equivalent air gap, by including a saturation factor, and by using image methods for computing end‐winding inductance. The comparison against a finite element method and experiment shows the improved complex harmonic method could predict waveforms reliably, where a dynamic finite element method would be time‐consuming. This paper shows the method is valid for a five‐phase generator.