bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forest plantation diversification with Leguminosae tree species: Consequences on litter decomposition and nutrient recycling
Authors: Lingeri Paula C. , Piazza Maria‐Victoria , Caccia Fernando D.
Published: September 2023

Mixed tree plantations provide greater ecosystem services than monocultures. Leguminosae tree species can be appropriate complements to achieve a sustainable soil management target. A key aspect of species trait complementarity is the litter mixture effects in the litter decomposition process. We evaluated how the mixture of poplar litter (Populus deltoides Marsh.) with Leguminosae tree species modulated the litter decomposition process and C, N and P recycling, through changes driven by the Leguminosae litter chemical traits. Under field conditions, we compared poplar litter alone (monoculture) with its 50:50 mixture with Enterolobuim contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., or Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.). Compared to poplar litter, its mixture with E. contortisiliquum had a 25% lower C:N ratio and a similar N:P ratio, whereas mixture with P. dubium had a 9% lower C:N and a 29% lower N:P ratios. The mixture with E. contortisiliquum showed a 64% faster decomposition rate, and 55% and 203% faster C and N release rates, respectively, compared to poplar. In contrast, in the mixture with P. dubium, there was no difference in the litter, C and N decay rates with poplar litter alone. The mixture with P. dubium had a 37% lower P retention compared to poplar, whereas P was released rather than retained in the mixture with E. contortisiliquum. The mixture with E. contortisiliquum showed a net antagonistic effect in the litter decomposition rate. However, in the mixture, poplar litter decomposed 33% faster and the E. contotrtisiliquum litter decomposed 35% slower than species alone. The C:N and N:P ratios in the litter mixture were relevant traits shaping the magnitude and direction of litter decomposition and nutrient recycling processes. The incorporation of both Leguminosae to monospecific poplar plantations could contribute to counteract P limitation in this system and to improve soil fertility and functioning.
Letter: nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs reduce the risk of post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancer
Authors: Tantai Xin‐Xing , Liu Na , Wang Jin‐Hai
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Cheung et al and Cheung & Leung papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15693 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16108
5‐aminosalicylate–intolerant patients are at increased risk of colectomy for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Hibiya Shuji , Matsuyama Yusuke , Fujii Toshimitsu , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Saito Eiko , Ito Kimiko , Shimizu Hiromichi , Kawamoto Ami , Motobayashi Maiko , Takenaka Kento , Nagahori Masakazu , Kurosaki Masayuki , Yauchi Tsunehito , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Fujiwara Takeo , Okamoto Ryuichi , Watanabe Mamoru
Published: September 2023

Background

Although 5‐aminosalicylate (5‐ASA) is the therapy of first choice in ulcerative colitis (UC), some patients cannot tolerate it because of side effects. Previous reports have not investigated whether 5‐ASA intolerance is associated with the risk of colectomy.

Aim

To investigate the associations between 5‐ASA tolerance and colectomy among UC patients

Methods

The data of UC patients who visited any of three hospitals during 2014‐2018 in and around Tokyo, Japan, were retrospectively obtained from the medical records. Patients were categorized as (a) tolerant to any 5‐ASA compounds (“tolerant to 5‐ASA”) and (b) patients who were intolerant to one or more 5‐ASA compounds leading to refrainment from their further use (“intolerant to 5‐ASA”). The association between 5‐ASA tolerance and colectomy was examined by Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for sex, age, smoking and extent of colitis.

Results

Of 1788 patients, 1684 were “tolerant to 5‐ASA” while 104 were “intolerant to 5‐ASA”. Colectomy was performed in 43 (2.6%) of the patients tolerant to 5‐ASA and 12 (11.5%) of the patients intolerant to 5‐ASA. After adjusting for all covariates, the risk of undergoing colectomy was higher in the “intolerant to 5‐ASA” group than in the “tolerant to 5‐ASA” group (hazard ratio: 4.92; 95% confidence interval: 2.58‐9.38).

Conclusion

Patients in whom 5‐ASA was discontinued due to intolerance had a higher risk of undergoing colectomy than patients tolerant to their first, second or third 5‐ASA compounds.
Review article: current gaps and opportunities in HBV prevention, testing and linkage to care in the United States—a call for action
Authors: Yeo Yee Hui , Nguyen Mindie H.
Published: September 2023

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) has set an elimination goal for hepatitis B virus (HBV) by 2030, so a comprehensive review of current HBV testing and care gaps are needed to help formulate solutions and opportunities for action.

Aims

To summarise current gaps and barriers, and to propose solutions for HBV prevention, testing and linkage to care in the United States

Methods

Relevant guidelines and studies were reviewed including a systematic review of HCC surveillance adherence.

Results

A total of 64.5 million (95% CI, 61.3‐67.5) high‐risk US adults had no evidence of HBV immunity. Only 18.6% (95% CI, 13.5‐29.9) of privately insured patients with HBV infection have been diagnosed. Among those with known HBV infection, linkage to care rate (33.3%‐57%) was poor and the adherence to guidelines regarding anti‐viral therapy (30.66% [95% CI, 30.28‐31.03]) and HCC surveillance (8%‐87%, from a systematic review) were poor with even more concerning data for care and treatment retention. The causes are complex and include lack of access to medical care, lack of physician knowledge, lack of patient health literacy and awareness, linguistic and cultural barriers and fear of stigma.

Conclusions

A ‘scale‐up’ effort is needed to optimise the care continuum to achieve the WHO 2030 targets. As targeted screening policy has leftover 80% of patients undiagnosed, we advocate for universal screening which can help to remove barriers regarding stigma. More active and system level interventions are also needed to improve linkage to care for patients with HBV infection.
Letter: elevated HBV DNA predicts poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection
Authors: Liu Hao‐Tian , Li Zhi‐Cheng , Li Chuan , Lu Ting‐Li , Zhao Xuan‐Yu , Li Le‐Qun , Ma Liang
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Kao et al and Tseng & Kao papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16097 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16162
Editorial: can quantitative fibrosis assessment be used to enhance prediction of outcomes in patients with alcohol‐related liver disease?
Authors: Moodley Prebashan , Dhanda Ashwin D.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Israelsen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16111 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16150
Machine learning identifies novel blood protein predictors of penetrating and stricturing complications in newly diagnosed paediatric Crohn's disease
Authors: Ungaro Ryan C. , Hu Liangyuan , Ji Jiayi , Nayar Shikha , Kugathasan Subra , Denson Lee A. , Hyams Jeffrey , Dubinsky Marla C. , Sands Bruce E. , Cho Judy H.
Published: September 2023

Background

There is a need for improved risk stratification in Crohn's disease.

Aim

To identify novel blood protein biomarkers associated with future Crohn's disease complications

Methods

We performed a case‐cohort study utilising a paediatric inception cohort, the Risk Stratification and Identification of Immunogenetic and Microbial Markers of Rapid Disease Progression in Children with Crohn's disease (RISK) study. All patients had inflammatory disease (B1) at baseline. Outcomes were development of stricturing (B2) or penetrating (B3) complications. We assayed 92 inflammation‐related proteins in baseline plasma using a proximity extension assay (Olink Proteomics). An ensemble machine learning technique, random survival forests (RSF), selected variables predicting B2 and B3 complications. Selected analytes were compared to clinical variables and serology only models. We examined selected proteins in a single‐cell sequencing cohort to analyse differential cell expression in blood and ileum.

Results

We included 265 patients with mean age 11.6 years (standard deviation [SD] 3.2). Seventy‐three and 34 patients, respectively, had B2 and B3 complications within mean 1123 (SD 477) days for B2 and 1251 (442) for B3. A model with 5 protein markers predicted B3 complications with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76‐0.82) compared to 0.69 (95% CI 0.66‐0.72) for serologies and 0.74 (95% CI 0.71‐0.77) for clinical variables. A model with 4 protein markers predicted B2 complications with an AUC of 0.68 (95% CI 0.65‐0.71) compared to 0.62 (95% CI 0.59‐0.65) for serologies and 0.52 (95% CI 0.50‐0.55) for clinical variables. B2 analytes were highly expressed in ileal stromal cells while B3 analytes were prominent in peripheral blood and ileal T cells.

Conclusions

We identified novel blood proteomic markers, distinct for B2 and B3, associated with progression of paediatric Crohn's disease.
Review article: Elobixibat: a novel treatment for chronic constipation
Authors: Khanna Lehar , Camilleri Michael
Published: September 2023

Background

A subset of patients with chronic constipation has associated slow colonic transit and reduced faecal bile acid excretion. In addition to traditional approaches to treat chronic constipation, a novel therapeutic option is to increase the colonic concentration of intraluminal bile acids. This can be achieved through inhibition of the ileal bile acid transporter.

Aim

To evaluate the evidence for efficacy and safety of an ileal bile acid transport inhibitor in the treatment of chronic constipation

Methods

We reviewed published literature on elobixibat, based on a PubMed search.

Results

Elobixibat is a novel ileal bile acid transport inhibitor that has demonstrated efficacy in proof of concept studies in experimental animals as well as phase 1, 2 and 3 trials in humans. Phase 4 studies have now documented that the beneficial effects are related to increase in the secretory bile acids in the colon as measured by stool bile acid content. The studies documented efficacy in patients with severe constipation, which is often associated with slow colonic transit. These changes in bile acid composition were associated with minor differences in the faecal microbiota in patients treated with elobixibat compared to placebo. Elobixibat appears to be safe. The only adverse effects of note are associated with its pharmacological actions in patients with chronic constipation,namely the induction of diarrhoea and abdominal pain.

Conclusion

This new class of compound appears to be safe and efficacious in the treatment of chronic constipation.
Root‐cause analyses of missed opportunities for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Gordon Claire , Chee Desmond , Hamilton Ben , Heerasing Neel M. , Hendy Peter , Chanchlani Neil , Lin Simeng , Wesley Emma , Daniels Ian R. , Silva Nishanthi , Osborne Melanie , Kennedy Nicholas A. , Goodhand James R. , Ahmad Tariq
Published: September 2023

Background

Colonoscopic surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to earlier detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) and reduces CRC‐associated mortality. However, it is limited by poor adherence in practice.

Aim

To identify missed opportunities to detect IBD‐associated CRC at our hospital

Methods

We undertook root‐cause analyses to identify patients with missed opportunities to diagnose IBD‐associated CRC. We matched patients with IBD‐associated CRC to patients with CRC in the general population to identify differences in staging at diagnosis and clinical outcomes.

Results

Compared with the general population, patients with IBD were at increased risk of developing CRC (odds ratio 2.7 [95% CI 1.6‐3.9], P < 0.001). The mean incidence of IBD‐associated CRC between 1998 and 2019 was 165.4 (IQR 130.4‐199.4) per 100 000 patients and has not changed over the last 20 years. Seventy‐eight patients had IBD‐associated CRC. Forty‐two (54%) patients were eligible for CRC surveillance: 12% (5/42) and 10% (4/42) patients were diagnosed with CRC at an appropriately timed or overdue surveillance colonoscopy, respectively. Interval cancers occurred in 14% (6/42) of patients; 64% (27/42) of patients had a missed opportunity for colonoscopic surveillance where root‐cause analyses demonstrated that 10/27 (37%) patients known to secondary care had not been offered surveillance. Four (15%) patients had a delayed diagnosis of CRC due to failure to account for previous colonoscopic findings. Seventeen (63%) patients were managed by primary care including seven patients discharged from secondary care without a surveillance plan. Matched case‐control analysis did not show significant differences in cancer staging or 10‐year survival outcomes.

Conclusion

The incidence of IBD‐associated CRC has remained static. Two‐thirds of patients eligible for colonoscopic surveillance had missed opportunities to diagnose CRC. Surveillance programmes without comprehensive and fully integrated recall systems across primary and secondary care are set to fail.
Editorial: anti‐drug antibodies and the benefit of assay validation
Authors: Little Robert , Sparrow Miles P.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Nice et al paper. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16135
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Scotland 2000‐2015: trends in demographics, aetiology and outcomes
Authors: Chaudhary Sardar , Mackay Daniel , Pell Jill P. , Morris John , Church Nicholas I. , Fraser Andrew , Stanley Adrian J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) remains a common cause of presentation and admission to hospital in the UK, with the incidence in Scotland one of the highest in the world.

Aims

To investigate the difference in demographics, deprivation quintiles, aetiology of bleeding and clinical outcomes in patients presenting with UGIB to hospitals across Scotland over a 16‐year period

Methods

Data were collected using the National Data Catalogue and analysed retrospectively using the National Safe Haven.

Results

We included 129 404 patients. The annual number of patients presenting with UGIB remained similar over the 16‐year period. Mean age at admission increased from 59.2 to 61.4 years. There was a significant drop in variceal bleeding over time from 2.2% to 1.7% (P < 0.001). The incidence of UGIB was highest in the more deprived quintiles. There was a significant decrease in 30‐day case‐fatality from 10.1% in 2000 to 7.9% in 2015 (P < 0.001), which was observed across all deprivation quintiles. Mean length of stay fell from 3.9 to 2.1 days. There was no difference in 30‐day case‐fatality or mean length of stay between patients presenting on weekdays or at weekends.

Conclusions

In this national study, we demonstrated that case‐fatality and mean length of stay after presentation with UGIB in Scotland has fallen over the past 16 years, despite a rise the in mean age of patients. There is a positive correlation between the incidence of UGIB and deprivation. We found no evidence of worse outcomes among patients presenting at weekends.
Hepatitis B virus RNA decline without concomitant viral antigen decrease is associated with a low probability of sustained response and hepatitis B surface antigen loss
Authors: Brakenhoff Sylvia M. , de Man Robert A. , Boonstra André , van Campenhout Margo J. H. , de Knegt Robert J. , van Bömmel Florian , van der Eijk Annemiek A. , Berg Thomas , Hansen Bettina E. , Janssen Harry L. A. , Sonneveld Milan J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA may reflect intrahepatic HBV replication. Novel anti‐viral drugs have shown potent HBV RNA decline without concomitant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) decrease. How this relates to off‐treatment response is yet unclear.

Aim

To study the degree of on‐treatment viral antigen decline among patients with pronounced HBV RNA decrease in relation to off‐treatment sustained response and HBsAg loss.

Methods

HBV RNA, HBsAg and hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) were quantified in patients with chronic hepatitis B who participated in two randomised controlled trials of peginterferon‐based therapy. Sustained response (HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL) and/or HBsAg loss were assessed in patients with and without on‐treatment HBV RNA response (either >2 log HBV RNA decline or >1 log decline resulting in an undetectable value at on‐treatment week 24), stratified by concomitant HBsAg decline (<0.5/0.5‐1/>1 log).

Results

We enrolled 279 patients; 176 were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive, and 103 were HBeAg‐negative. Sustained response was achieved in 20.4% of patients. At on‐treatment week 24, HBV RNA response was associated with higher sustained response rates (27.4% vs 13.0% in non‐responders, P =  0.004). However, among patients with an HBV RNA response (n = 135), 56.4% did not experience >0.5 log HBsAg decline. Among HBV RNA responders, sustained response was achieved in 47.6% of those with >1 log HBsAg decline (n = 20/42), vs 16.0% with <0.5 log decline (n = 12/75, P = 0.001). Similar results were obtained with HBcrAg and when response was defined as HBsAg loss.

Conclusions

In this cohort, many patients with HBV RNA response during peginterferon‐based treatment did not experience HBsAg and/or HBcrAg decline. The absence of concomitant decline in these viral antigens was associated with low rates of treatment response and HBsAg loss. Future trials should therefore consider kinetics of combined biomarkers to assess anti‐viral efficacy.

Trial registration, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00114361, NCT00146705.
Editorial: missed opportunities to detect colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease—getting to the root
Authors: Mahmoud Remi , Itzkowitz Steven H.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Gordon et al and Chee et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16155 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16215
Editorial: fatigue—difficult to assess and difficult to treat
Authors: Murray Charles D.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Schreiner et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16145 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16190
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the effects of immunomodulator or biological withdrawal from mono‐ or combination therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Dohos Dóra , Hanák Lilla , Szakács Zsolt , Kiss Szabolcs , Párniczky Andrea , Erőss Bálint , Pázmány Piroska , Hegyi Péter , Sarlós Patrícia
Published: September 2023

Background

Withdrawal of treatment is a common therapeutic problem in patients with long‐standing remission of inflammatory bowel disease.

Aims

To evaluate the relapse rate in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease after cessation of biologic or immunomodulator therapy.

Methods

We searched five databases for studies evaluating disease relapse after withdrawal of monotherapy or a drug from combination therapy in Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. In meta‐analysis, risk ratios (RR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Ten randomised controlled trials (587 patients) were included in the meta‐analysis, and another nine studies in systematic review. Withdrawal of immunomodulator monotherapy resulted in a significantly higher risk of relapse within 24 months of follow‐up compared to ongoing therapy in Crohn's disease, but not in ulcerative colitis (RR = 2.06, CI: 1.53‐2.77 and RR = 1.39, CI: 0.85‐2.26, respectively). Trial sequential analysis indicated that further studies with similar design are unlikely to change the significant association on relapse rates after withdrawing immunomodulator monotherapy in patients with Crohn's disease. Discontinuation of an immunomodulator from combination with biologics did not show a higher risk of relapse than continuation of both drugs (RR = 1.30, CI: 0.81‐2.08). The relapse rate increased after withdrawal of biologic monotherapy, whereas contradictory results were observed after biologic withdrawal from combination regimens.

Conclusion

Continuing immunomodulator monotherapy should remain the preferred approach among patients with Crohn's disease, although long‐term toxicity is a concern. Further randomised controlled trials are warranted in ulcerative colitis and on combination regimens including biologics.
Carvedilol is associated with improved survival in patients with cirrhosis: a long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: McDowell Hannah R. , Chuah Cher Shiong , Tripathi Dhiraj , Stanley Adrian J. , Forrest Ewan H. , Hayes Peter C.
Published: September 2023

Background

Primary prophylaxis of variceal haemorrhage with non‐selective beta blockers (NSBB) or variceal band ligation (VBL) is now standard of care in patients with cirrhosis with portal hypertension. NSBB, and particularly carvedilol, may be associated with improved survival.

Aim

To assess mortality in a cohort of patients previously randomised to either carvedilol or VBL.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 152 patients recruited to a multi‐centre randomised controlled trial between 7 April 2000 and 24 June 2006 designed to assess the efficacy of VBL versus carvedilol in preventing first variceal bleed. We used electronic records to undertake long‐term follow‐up (up to 20 years) with the primary outcome of all‐cause mortality and secondary end points of liver‐related mortality and decompensation events (ascites, encephalopathy, variceal bleeding).

Results

We included 152 patients in analysis with baseline characteristics well matched between the carvedilol (n = 77) and VBL (n = 75) groups. In the intention‐to‐treat analysis, carvedilol offered a significant survival advantage with median survival of 7.8 years compared to 4.2 years in the VBL group (P = 0.03). This survival benefit was maintained in per‐protocol analysis when patients who crossed between treatment arms were excluded (P = 0.02). Transplant‐free survival, liver‐related mortality and decompensation events were similar in both groups.

Conclusion

These data suggest that carvedilol offers a significant survival benefit for patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The difference in all‐cause and liver‐related mortality suggests that this survival benefit may not be entirely liver‐related. Prospective, studies are required to confirm these important findings.
Editorial: vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel diseases—less is more?
Authors: Townsend Tristan , Subramanian Sreedhar
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Danese et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16160 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16227
Randomised clinical trial: safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of HS‐10234 versus tenofovir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Zhang Hong , Hu Yue , Wu Min , Liu Jingrui , Zhu Xiaoxue , Li Xiaojiao , Chen Hong , Li Cuiyun , Liu Chengjiao , Niu Junqi , Ding Yanhua
Published: September 2023

Background

HS‐10234 is a novel prodrug of tenofovir developed to increase anti‐viral potency and to reduce systemic toxicities.

Aims

To evaluate the tolerability, pharmacokinetics and anti‐viral efficacy of HS‐10234 in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection

Methods

Treatment‐naïve subjects with non‐cirrhotic CHB were divided into three groups (n = 12/group) and randomised within each group to receive 10, 25 or 40 mg of HS‐10234, or 300 mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) once a day for 28 days.

Results

Among 36 enrolled subjects, 33.3% were hepatitis B e antigen‐negative with a mean hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level of 6.32‐7.42 log10 IU/mL. Nephrotoxicity and serious adverse events were not observed; all adverse events were mild or moderate and non‐specific. The mean reductions in serum HBV DNA after 28 days were −2.70, −2.89, −2.72 and −3.04 log10 IU/mL for treatment with 10, 25 or 40 mg HS‐10234, and 300 mg TDF, respectively. HS‐10234 and its metabolite TFV showed linear, dose‐proportional pharmacokinetics. The concentrations of active TFV‐DP in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were higher (approximately 2‐ to 11‐fold increase) and TFV in plasma were lower (approximately 4.5‐ to 25‐fold reduction) in subjects taking HS‐10234 than those in the TDF group.

Conclusions

HS‐10234 was well tolerated during a 4‐week course. TDF and HS‐10234 had comparable potency in inhibiting HBV replication. A daily dose of 10‐25 mg of HS‐10234 is recommended for CHB treatment. (Chinese Drug Trial Identifier: CTR20161077).
Phenome‐wide association study in adult coeliac disease: role of HLA subtype
Authors: Schneider Carolin V. , Kleinjans Moritz , Fromme Malin , Schneider Kai Markus , Strnad Pavel
Published: September 2023

Background

Coeliac disease arises in genetically susceptible individuals, in particular in carriers of HLA‐DQ2/DQ8 risk alleles and is associated with various comorbidities. Coeliac disease may confer an increased mortality, but the data are conflicting.

Aims

We aimed to characterize mortality and morbidity in patients with coeliac disease with a special focus on the role of the number of HLA risk alleles.

Methods

We studied coeliac disease‐associated morbidity and mortality in ~500 000 participants of the UK Biobank including 2482 individuals with the diagnosis of coeliac disease. We used an unbiased, multivariable Phenome‐Wide Association Study (PheWAS) method to uncover the coeliac disease‐associated disorders. The tag SNP approach was used to divide the coeliac disease subjects into HLA‐DQ2/DQ8‐based risk categories.

Results

We found 225 ICD‐10 codes significantly associated with coeliac disease. During the median follow‐up of 10.7 years, coeliac disease individuals (n = 2482) had higher overall mortality (HR 1.6 [95% CI, 1.4‐1.8]) than controls and both an increased occurrence of and an increased mortality from cancer, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases (HR 1.4‐1.6). Coeliac disease individuals with 2 HLA‐DQ2/8 risk alleles had a similar overall mortality as coeliac disease participants with 0‐1 HLA‐DQ2/8 alleles, but were more likely to die from lymphoproliferative diseases (HR 7.6 [95% CI, 1.01‐57.25]).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the increased mortality from lymphoproliferative diseases is restricted to those coeliac patients with 2 HLADQ2/8 alleles and that a combination of coeliac disease and HLADQ2/8 alleles is needed to increase the susceptibility. Once confirmed, closer monitoring may be warranted in this high‐risk subpopulation.
Keep calm and carry on—managing non‐TNF antagonist biologics in pregnancy
Authors: Seow Cynthia H. , Ma Christopher
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wils et al and Wils & Pariente papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16192 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16230
Editorial: HBV cure—the quest for biomarkers to predict off‐treatment sustained response
Authors: Thibault Vincent , Asselah Tarik
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Brakenhoff et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16172 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16233
Editorial: serologic antibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis—a tell‐tale sign of compromised gut‐liver immunity? Authors' reply
Authors: Wunsch Ewa , Milkiewicz Piotr
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wunschi et al and Tornai & Papp papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16153 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16201
The effect of contaminating media on the static and dynamic mechanical resilience of dental implant abutments' screws: In vitro study
Authors: Shemtov‐Yona Keren , Arieli Adi , Barhum Mohana , Pilo Raphael , Levartovsky Shifra
Published: September 2023

Introduction

This in vitro study aims to biomechanically evaluate the influence of medium contamination for example, saliva, blood, chlorhexidine (liquid and gel), and fluoride mouthwash on the biomechanical behavior of implant abutments' screws under static and dynamic loading.

Methods

Forty five Ti6Al4V commercial dental implants and abutments were tested in this study. Two main mechanical tests were carried out in the selected media. The first, static, aimed to evaluate the torque loss after the first tightening. The second, dynamic, involved a random cyclic load range between 0 and 200 N to evaluate torque loss due to mastication. In addition, metallographic longitudinal and cross‐sections of the abutment‐implant apparatus were examined to evaluate the abutment screw–abutment‐implant interface.

Results

The static torque test showed that irrespective of the media, no statistical difference in static torque loss was found prior to dynamic loading. For the dynamic tests, torque‐angle evolution analysis during tightening to 30 Ncm and after the spectrum loading, showed the same global mechanical behavior for all media, but the statistical analysis indicated a difference between the groups in reverse torque values (RTV) and in the torque loss due to dynamic loading. The medium groups CHX, CHX‐gel, and Fluoride mouthwash, showed a meaningful torque loss due to loading, but the medium groups, control (no medium), blood and saliva showed an opposite trend and required a higher torque to open the abutment screws. The microstructural analysis revealed clear signs of cold‐welding/galling, post‐dynamic loading in these latter groups.

Conclusions

The presence of lubrication/contamination media (CHX mouthwash/CHX‐gel/Fluoride mouthwash) reduces the preload generated due to tightening but prevents damage due to galling. The observed reduction of RTV clearly emphasizes the need for frequent abutment screw retightening for implant‐supported prosthetic long‐term stability.
Four single implant‐supported crowns replacing the maxillary incisors: A retrospective report of 10 cases with 2–9 years of follow‐up
Authors: Koster Maysa , Dias Debora R. , Zimiani Gabriela de S. , Santos Rafael P. da M. , de Oliveira Ricardo P. , Araújo Maurício G. , Hayacibara Roberto M.
Published: September 2023

Objective

This retrospective case series aimed to assess the stability of the papilla around four single crowns supported by narrow‐diameter implants replacing all maxillary incisors. Secondary objectives included assessment of marginal bone level stability, incidence of technical and biological complications, and patient satisfaction.

Materials and Methods

Individuals with four adjacent implants in maxillary incisor sites, placed with a 3 mm inter‐implant distance and rehabilitated with single crowns were included. Retrospective data were obtained from photographs and radiographs taken at the delivery of the prosthesis (baseline—T0). Patients were then recalled (≥2 years after T0) for clinical and radiographic examination (follow‐up—T1). Photographs were obtained and patient satisfaction was assessed using a visual analogue scale. Papilla height and marginal bone level were compared over time.

Results

Data from 10 patients with medium‐low smile lines and rehabilitated with 40 implants, in function for 5.4 ± 1.9 years, were analyzed. The papilla height between implants (T0: 2.3 ± 0.9 mm; T1: 2.6 ± 0.7 mm; p = .011) and between tooth and implant (T0: 3.4 ± 0.9 mm; T1: 3.8 ± 0.8 mm; p = .025) increased significantly over the years. The marginal bone level remained stable over time (T0: 0.88 ± 0.57 mm; T1: 0.71 ± 0.67 mm; p = .007). Patients were highly satisfied (97.7 ± 0.3%) with the treatment outcome.

Conclusion

Within its limitations, this study demonstrated that four single implant‐supported crowns placed at maxillary incisor sites may exhibit soft tissue and marginal bone stability over a long period of time. This treatment approach, however, should be restricted to few patients as it requires a proper case selection and skillful execution of all surgical and prosthetic steps.
Local Financial Institutions and Income Inequality: Evidence from Brazil's Credit Cooperative Movement
Authors: Arestis Philip , Phelps Peter
Published: September 2023

Local financial institutions can play a crucial role in reducing income inequalities at the within‐country level by promoting inclusive economic growth and development across time and space. This is against a backdrop of increasing financial and economic fragility, to which emerging economies have also been exposed over more recent decades and years. This article adds emerging economy evidence from Brazil to an empirical literature on the income inequality implications of cooperative financial institutions. Panel‐data estimations for 2004‒19 reveal that Brazilian credit cooperatives have gone beyond commercial banks in supporting communities that have traditionally been underserved financially. Additionally, the article provides new evidence and insights on credit cooperatives’ resilience in the context of a relatively recent but severe economic crisis in Brazil. The results indicate that credit cooperatives have helped fill gaps in finance and economic opportunity that tend to arise in an emerging economy setting. Furthermore, the contribution of credit cooperatives in filling these gaps is found to be more significant at lower levels of development. These findings add theoretical and, importantly, empirical support to the relationship channel of financial inclusion, which is in line with the optimistic perspective in this debate.
Why is it taking so long to move down the road?: Creating a regional border agreement in the DMV as an alternative for the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
Authors: Juntunen Katriina Rose
Published: September 2023

The Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (ICPC) is an agreement between all 50 states and the District of Columbia governing the process of placing a foster child out of state. Notorious for its long wait times and system backlog, the ICPC presents a host of problems for children attempting to move mere minutes across state lines to be with a relative or kin placement instead of state foster care. In an effort to make this process smoother, 18 different “border agreements” have been adopted by several neighboring states across the U.S. Such border agreements give temporary placement licenses to relatives and kin while the ICPC process is ongoing. While this is a good start towards a solution, the ICPC could be further streamlined if border agreements were used more widely, especially in regional contexts. This article considers the possibility of such a regional agreement between the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Northern Virginia (known as the “DMV”). By comparing and contrasting two existing border agreements in these three jurisdictions, a regional DMV border agreement can be created implementing the best terms of both agreements.
Cent ans de salaire minimum en Australie, au Royaume‐Uni et aux États‐Unis: les leçons d'une histoire en mouvement
Authors: HAMILTON Reg , NICHOL Matt
Published: September 2023

Depuis l'adoption par l'Australie, le Royaume‐Uni et les États‐Unis de leurs premières dispositions sur le salaire minimum, au début du XXe siècle, la question fait débat. Certains rejettent cette intervention étatique, jugée contraire aux principes de l'économie de marché, d'autres la défendent, au nom de l'équité et du bien commun. Les auteurs s'interrogent sur l'influence de ces deux positions idéologiques sur la fixation des salaires dans les trois pays à l'examen. Ils comblent ainsi une lacune de la littérature, qui propose peu d'études comparatives sur la formation, l'évolution et les caractéristiques actuelles des systèmes visant à instaurer des salaires minima dans ces pays.
Desajustes de la calificación de los trabajadores recién contratados. Efectos salariales a corto y medio plazo
Authors: ARAÚJO Isabel , CARNEIRO Anabela
Published: September 2023

Se examinan los efectos salariales de la sobrecalificación y la infracalificación a corto y medio plazo según un conjunto de datos interrelacionados de empleadores y empleados de 1998 a 2012, aplicando una novedosa medida del desajuste de la calificación basada en los flujos de trabajadores recién contratados. La brecha salarial entre trabajadores con una calificación ajustada al puesto y trabajadores desajustados disminuye al controlar la heterogeneidad inobservada de trabajadores y de empresas. Las características inobservadas de los trabajadores explican buena parte de la penalización salarial por sobrecalificación y de la prima por infracalificación. También influyen las variaciones de las políticas sala‐riales de las empresas. El mayor impacto salarial de los desajustes se produce al inicio de la trayectoria profesional.
Linking abusive supervision to service sabotage through work alienation in nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: El‐Gazar Heba E. , Zoromba Mohamed A. , Zakaria Abeer Mohamed , Ibrahim Sherehan Farouk , Elzohairy Mayada Hassan Saad
Published: September 2023

Background

Abusive supervision has detrimental effects on nurses, but the mechanisms connecting abusive supervision to negative outcomes for nurses have not been well‐established in the nursing literature.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate whether work alienation mediates the relationship between abusive supervision and nurses' service sabotage.

Methods

This descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted from November to December 2021 with 204 nurses working at a teaching hospital in Damanhour, Egypt. Data were collected using a demographic information form, the Abusive Supervision Scale, the Work Alienation Scale and the Service Sabotage Scale. Study hypotheses were evaluated using structural equation modelling.

Results

Our findings revealed a significant association between abusive supervision, work alienation, and service sabotage among nurses. Abusive supervision was found to be linked to nurses' service sabotage through work alienation.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that nurses who are subject to abusive supervision are more likely to feel alienated, which increases the probability of them engaging in behaviours that have a negative impact on the quality of care they provide.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Randomized controlled trial comparing efficacy of a combination regime containing two cervical sensitizers (mifepristone + Foley's catheter) versus single agent mifepristone or Foley's catheter for labor induction in women attempting TOLAC at late third trimester with a dead fetus in utero
Authors: Dasgupta Subhankar , Dasgupta Jija , Goswami Barnali , Mondal Joyeeta
Published: September 2023

Randomized controlled trial comparing efficacy of a combination regime containing two cervical sensitizers (mifepristone + Foley's catheter) versus single agent mifepristone or Foley's catheter for labor induction in women attempting TOLAC at late third trimester with a dead fetus in utero.

Aim

To compare efficacy and safety of a new combination regime comprising of two cervical sensitizers used simultaneously with single agents, for labor induction in women attempting TOLAC at ≥34 weeks' gestation with a dead fetus.

Method

This was a multiarm randomized controlled trial (RCT) where participants received one of the three regimes—single agent oral Mifepristone 200 mg, intracervical Foley's catheter (16 Fr size, filled with 40 mL normal saline after intracervical instillation), and combination regime consisting of both used simultaneously. Number of women undergoing vaginal birth within 48 h of induction (VB48) was the primary outcome compared between groups.

Results

VB48 was higher in participants on combination regime in comparison to participants on Foley's catheter (54 vs. 42). Total vaginal births were higher in participants on combination regime compared to both single agents (58 vs. 48 and 44). Duration and dose of oxytocin augmentation was lower in participants on combination regime compared to both single agents. Induction birth interval was short in participants on combination regime compared to those on Foley's catheter. Maternal complications between groups were similar.

Conclusion

Combination of cervical sensitizers for labor induction in late third trimester among women with dead fetus attempting TOLAC resulted in higher proportion of vaginal births and might reduce risk of scar dehiscence due to requirement of a lower dose of oxytocin for augmentation.
Noncontrast versus perfusion CT to select endovascular therapy in an extended time window: Systematic review/meta‐analysis
Authors: Bai Xue , Zhang Yao , Sui Yi
Published: September 2023

Background and Purpose

The effect of noncontrast CT (NCCT) on the eligibility for endovascular therapy (EVT) in an extended time window remains to be elucidated. We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of NCCT in comparison with CT perfusion (CTP) in selecting patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) for EVT 6‐24 hours after onset.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries were searched from inception to August 31, 2022, to identify all studies reporting 90‐day outcomes of EVT in patients with AIS in an extended time window. A meta‐analysis was performed for the pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random‐effects model. The primary outcome used to assess efficacy was good functional independence, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0‐2 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included successful reperfusion, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality at 90 days.

Results

We included four nonrandomized studies with a total of 2685 patients. The outcomes of good functional independence at 90 days (RR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.88‐1.07; I2 = 0%; p = .62), successful reperfusion (RR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.93‐1.03; I2 = 50.5%; p = .11), sICH (RR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.55‐2.21; I2 = 49.4%; p = .12), or mortality at 90 days (RR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.99‐1.40; I2 = 0%; p = .42) did not differ significantly between the two groups.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that NCCT is as effective as CTP in selecting patients for EVT in an extended time window.
Could various angulated implant depths affect the positional accuracy of digital impressions? An in vitro study
Authors: Taghva Masumeh , Mosaddad Seyed Ali , Ansarifard Elham , Sadeghi Mohsen
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to assess how implant depth could affect the three‐dimensional positional accuracy of digital impressions made from angulated implants.

Materials and Methods

Four modified maxillary models were printed and divided into four study groups. In each model, two angulated implant analogs were placed at the sites of the first premolar and first molar at four different depths of 1 (G1), 2 (G2), 3 (G3), and 4 (G4) mm from the models' edentate area. Scan bodies were connected to the analogs, and one operator made 10 full‐arch scans for each master model using an intraoral scanner. Afterward, the marginal gingival part of all models was removed, and digital scans were performed for each model using a laboratory scanner to achieve a reference STL file as the control group. One‐way ANOVA and Leven's tests were used to measure and compare the 3D distance deviations across research groups after the superimposing test and control scans.

Results

A significant difference between research groups was revealed by trueness and precision analysis (p < 0.001). The trueness and precision results obtained for G1 and G4 were significantly better than those for G2 and G3 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that implant depth could affect the digital implant impressions' 3D positional accuracy.
The Logic of Kingian Nonviolence: A Synthetic Reading of Martin Luther King Jr.'s Political Thought
Authors: Buck Nicholas
Published: September 2023

Approaching Martin Luther King Jr. as a constructive political theorist, I present a synthetic view of his thought that is able to make cogent and compelling sense of prominent concepts and lines of reasoning in his writings. I contend that King's political thought, which is grounded in his moral, metaphysical, and theological convictions, is best understood as structurally teleological and oriented to the construction of an inclusive, democratic community as its end. To make this case and fill out the picture of his view, I offer an analysis of King's “Letter from Birmingham Jail” and argue that his account of nonviolence, which provides the key to understanding his political thought, ought to be understood as operating within and on behalf of this teleological vision by patterning what I term dialogical relations between persons.
Effectiveness of telehealth in providing preventive oral health care: A pilot evaluation of patient, carer, and clinician experience
Authors: Tsai Carrie , Savran Aylin , Chau Yvonne , Hurrell Lloyd , Forsyth Cathryn , Kumar Harleen
Published: September 2023

Background

This pilot study aimed to characterize the experience, satisfaction, and views on feasibility of an oral health primary prevention telehealth service at a public dental hospital's department of pediatric dentistry, from the viewpoint of patients, carers, and clinicians.

Methods

Data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire for parents/guardians, a focus group for clinicians; and were summarized using descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests, analysis of variance, and by thematic analysis for the qualitative data.

Results

Thirty‐seven parents/guardians and four clinicians were included. The mean patient age was 5 years (SD = 3.3). Over half of the parents (51.4%) were aged 30–39 years. There was high satisfaction (97.3%) and acceptability (81.1%) of the telehealth service. Native English‐speakers were significantly more likely to agree that telehealth was an acceptable mode of preventive care and that they would use it again (p = 0.033). Parents reporting difficulty traveling to dental appointments were significantly more likely to score favorably in categories of usefulness, technical quality, and satisfaction relating to telehealth (all p < 0.001). Important themes from the clinician focus group included specific benefits for patients with special needs or who live rurally, reduced stress on families, and an enhanced focus on prevention.

Conclusions

The findings suggest ongoing benefits of providing preventive oral health services as an adjunct to face‐to‐face care, especially to the identified subset of patients who will benefit the most.
Modern services led growth and development in a structuralist dual economy: Long‐run implications of skilled labor constraint
Authors: Thakur Gogol Mitra
Published: September 2023

Motivated by the South Asian experience, this paper examines the role of expansion of skilled labor force for modern services led growth and development in economies with low average educational attainment. The model economy consists of two capital‐using sectors—a service sector that employs only skilled labor and an industry sector that does not require skilled labor. The service sector represents modern skilled‐labor intensive services whereas the industry sector represents a typical South Asian industry. Supply of unskilled labor is unlimited but skilled labor is relatively scarce and grows at a finite rate. Increase in the skill premium only partially explains growth of skilled‐labor supply while the rest depends on autonomous factors, which may be influenced by education policies of the government. The main result specifies a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of a unique steady state characterized by balanced sectoral growth at a rate determined by the autonomous part of skilled labor growth. A low wage share and stagnant investment conditions in the industry sector are conducive for both existence and local stability of this steady state. The model shows that supply‐side factors may completely determine steady state growth rates in structuralist models despite presence of unemployed resources.