bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissolution of Lime in High‐Basicity CaO–SiO2–FetO–MgO Slag Under Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Muvunyi Rodrigue Armel , Hou Yanglai , Li Shannan , Jia Cao , Xu Qi , Li Jianli
Published: January 2025

This study examines the dissolution behavior of solid lime in high‐basicity CaO–SiO2–FetO–MgO slags at 1600 °C, using a stirring rod at a rotation speed of 110 rpm for 70 s after the lime being dropped in the molten slag. The investigation focuses on slag basicity ranging from 2.1 to 3.3, with constant MgO (7 wt%) and FeO (20 wt%). The results show that at a basicity of 2.1, layers of C2S and C3S + CaO–FeO are formed at the slag–lime interface. A dense C2S layer significantly impedes lime dissolution, resulting in the lowest dissolution rate, with chemical reaction assumed as rate‐controlling mechanism. As the basicity increases to 2.4, the precipitation of MgO occurs, facilitating the formation of a discontinuous C3S layer interspersed with CaO–FeO, which promotes material flow and results in the highest dissolution rate. However, at higher basicity (2.7–3.3), a discontinuous C3S + CaO–FeO layer reappears, accompanied by excessive MgO precipitation at the interface, hindering dissolution. The increasing layer thickness and MgO concentration, combined with decreasing solubility of MgO at higher basicity, slow the dissolution process. Diffusion through a boundary layer is assumed as the rate‐controlling mechanism.
Investigating Impacts of Amino Acids on the Structural Stability of Anionic Biomembranes
Authors: Siddique Arslan , Lowe Lauren A. , Kanti De Soumya , Loo Daniel W. K. , Le Brun Anton P. , Nelson Andrew R. J. , Wang Anna
Published: January 2025

Anionic biomembranes are vital features of all living cells and were perhaps key components of the earliest cell‐like structures – protocells. In the absence of evolved protein machinery, any protocell membranes would have had their properties heavily influenced by the ambient environment, posing a systems chemistry challenge to understanding how such membranes functioned. Here we use a range of techniques to examine the effect of glycine and lysine, representative neutral and cationic amino acids, on the properties of model anionic membranes composed of equimolar POPC and POPG. Using QCM−D and neutron reflectometry, we find that unlike glycine, lysine strongly binds to the membrane, resulting in significant lipid loss and changes in the scattering length density and volume fraction of the lipids in the bilayer. Interestingly, we also find that even though lysine causes substantial changes in the physicochemical and structural properties of the anionic membrane, permeability studies show that lysine cannot permeate while glycine can, highlighting a disconnect between the structural changes observed for low curvature systems and the permeability trends observed in high curvature systems. This research provides mechanistic insights into single amino acid‐anionic biomembrane interactions, and how they could have impacted evolving protocell membrane functions and stability.
The Individual and Simultaneous Adsorption of Co(II) and Ni(II) Onto Directly Alkaline‐Activated Steel Slag
Authors: Hoang Le Phuong , Truong Thi Thao
Published: January 2025

Steel slag activated directly with alkaline treatment (AAS) was utilized for the individual and simultaneous removal of Co2+ and Ni2+ from the aqueous solutions. The characteristics of AAS were analyzed using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), SEM, and EDS techniques. The results revealed that AAS had a crystalline structure of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH). The optimal conditions for removing Co2⁺ and Ni2⁺ were found at pH 6, with a contact time of 120 min for individual adsorption and 150 min for simultaneous adsorption. The Langmuir model indicated that the maximum adsorption capacities for individual adsorption were 108.6 mg/g for Co2⁺ and 111.7 mg/g for Ni2⁺. However, in simultaneous adsorption, competition between the metal ions reduced the adsorption capacity, with maximum removal capacities of Co2⁺ and Ni2⁺ on AAS calculated as 58.2 and 72.3 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption of Co2+ and Ni2+, both individually and simultaneously, best conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. In both the individual and simultaneous systems, the adsorption capacities followed the order of Ni2+ > Co2+. However, the adsorption process of Ni2+ onto AAS was more sensitive than that of Co2+, as evaluated by analyzing the effect of Co2+:Ni2+ concentration ratios on the adsorption process. The potential mechanisms of Co2+ and Ni2+ removal by AAS included cation exchange, complex formation with surface‐active groups, precipitation of new insoluble substances on the adsorbent surface, and competition between metal ions during simultaneous adsorption. The high adsorption efficiency can be attributed to the release of Ca2+ and OH− from the CSH crystals. These results suggest that AAS is a promising adsorbent for the removal of Co2+ and Ni2+ from water.
Chinese guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of juvenile‐onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2024)
Authors:   Working Group of Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of JORRP,   Subspecialty Group of Pediatrics, Society of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese Medical Association,   Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
Published: January 2025

The incidence of juvenile‐onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) varies worldwide, and the lack of well‐adopted guidelines for use in China suggests that patients with JORRP do not receive optimal care. In America, where data are available, pediatric patients undergo an average of 4 surgeries annually and a total of >40 surgeries in their lifetimes primarily due to this condition. It is widely accepted that timely diagnosis and implementation of scientifically sound and effective interventions can prevent JORRP progression and mitigate serious complications. Notably, evidence‐based guidelines to coordinate care are lacking, and there is a need to standardize clinical practice to improve outcomes for patients. The International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group issued guidelines in 2020 to improve care for patients with JORRP. However, this guideline was majorly tailored to the healthcare system in Europe and America, posing a challenge to its adoption in China. To this effect, we assembled a guideline development working group to formulate guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of JORRP tailored to the Chinese context. The working group consisting of multidisciplinary experts with experience in managing patients with JORRP undertook qualitative and quantitative studies, conducted two rounds of Delphi consensus, and carried out multiple systematic reviews/meta‐analyses to provide 24 key recommendations to 12 questions of clinical interest. We anticipate that healthcare workers, including primary care physicians and specialists managing JORRP, will find the guidelines useful, and their utilization will translate to improved outcomes for patients with the disease.
Seismic Collapse Risk of Stone Masonry Buildings in the Indian Himalayas
Authors: Shastri Ravi , Ray-Chaudhuri Samit , Singh Yogendra
Published: January 2025

Conventionally, seismic hazard at a site is represented by a uniform hazard spectrum (UHS), which represents the seismic hazard in terms of spectral ordinates corresponding to a fixed probability of exceedance at all periods of vibration. Alternatively, a hazard curve can be developed for a site corresponding to each spectral period, which provides the probability of exceedance of different amplitudes of spectral ordinates. The hazard curve can be used for the estimation of the collapse risk of a structure in a given life span. Accordingly, if a structure is designed using a standard procedure to yield a standard fragility curve, a design response spectrum can be constructed to achieve a targeted collapse risk of the structure in its life span. The obtained spectrum is designated as a risk-targeted response spectrum (RTRS). Thus, RTRS provides design spectral demand to achieve uniform (targeted) collapse risk across all spectral periods. RTRS depends on the targeted risk value and construction type, given the site’s seismic hazard. The focus of this study is constructing RTRS for masonry structures aiming to enhance their service life and achieve the targeted collapse risk, which will help gain better control over their performance. Also, a comparative study of the UHS corresponding to different locations and RTRS for chosen targeted risk for the northern Himalayan region is performed in this paper. Moreover, the risk values for the masonry structures with varying heights of storey and dynamic parameters are also compared, and the obtained values are compared with the targeted risk value.
Sustainable Method for Determining Shear Strength Parameters by Machine Learning
Authors: Chorapalli Jnanendra Vijay Kumar , Das Soukat Kumar
Published: January 2025

The conventional methods for determining the shear strength parameters of soil, namely cohesion (C) and angle of internal friction (φ), involve time-consuming and expensive machinery. Also, the extraction metal ore processing into metal and machine manufacturing involves a high level of carbon emission. During the operation of these machines a large quantity of electricity is generated in thermal power plants, leading to an indirect increase in the carbon footprint, thus suggesting a need for the adoption of more sustainable practices. This study is aimed at reducing net zero emission by laboratory testing machines by develop a predictive machine-learning model for estimating soil shear strength parameters by utilizing the existing soil data. An artificial neural network (ANN) is one such model inspired by the human brain, with the ability to learn complex patterns and relationships in data. For this, 88 soil samples in all were gathered from the literature that was available. Basic index properties of soil are used as inputs and C, φ are predicted as outputs. A neural network is developed using a Bayesian regularization optimization algorithm. The model developed is evaluated using the root mean squared error, coefficient of determination, and mean absolute error. The efficacy demonstrated by the ANN model ensures reliable predictions, thus promoting the adoption of these predictive models, leading to net zero carbon emissions in the testing field of geotechnical engineering.
Tactical Urbanism: A Means of Enacting Mobility Transition? A Literature Review of International Practice
Authors: Suslowicz Jarvis , Hillnhütter Helge
Published: January 2025

This chapter assesses the state of practice for institutional-led tactical urbanism as a means of enacting a transition towards active travel in cities. Using an established assessment framework, the chapter reviews 92 academic works covering the use of temporary, tactical and experimental street-space reallocation projects towards the goal of permanently increasing mode-shares of active modes through improved spatial provision. Although significant ground has been made in this area, particularly in response to the opportunity presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, most projects still encounter difficulty in transitioning towards long-term outcomes. Through a focus on planning process and implementation, the chapter identifies common blockages and limitations inherent to orienting short-term interventions towards long-term transformative goals, while identifying potential best practices common to interventions which do achieve long-term replicability. While some causes of failure are contextually dependent—particularly temporally limited funding schemes and variation in local competencies—the chapter proposes that closer attention to strategic factors ordinarily present in traditional planning can improve the viability of measures.
Evaluating Digital Citizen Participation in Smart Cities
Authors: Adhikari Aashish , Afshari Mahgol , Collins Dave , Salaj Alenka Temeljotov , Johansen Agnar
Published: January 2025

Cities of the future will be smarter and data-driven, utilizing digital technologies to shape urban development. Citizen participation lies at the core of these cities and allows individuals and communities to design their cities to best suit their needs, aspirations, and values. While advancement in technology has expanded opportunities for participation, balance in data-driven insight and aspirations of community perspective should be the major focus of these cities for enhancing participation outcomes, which are explored further in this paper.

The study is based on the case study of digital participation conducted as a part of the planning process and citizen participation initiative held in the development of Torskeholmen, a coastal area in Grimstad Municipality, Norway. The survey involved 3474 responses (15% of the municipal population) from the citizens through the involvement of innovative strategies and initiatives.

This research has studied the information from this substantial citizen digital survey to examine how these methods have affected community engagement, which is discussed and analysed. The results highlight approaches that can enhance citizen participation in urban planning projects. These findings can be used to envision future possibilities for citizen participation and to understand better the complexities, obstacles, and opportunities for enhancing participation through practical experiences.
Sustainable and Carbon Neutral Built Environment Through ECBC Compliance
Authors: Kumar Anil , Thakur Rohit
Published: January 2025

The industrial revolution has exacerbated climate change on Earth, mostly due to variables such as rising ambient temperatures, increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and the presence of environmental contaminants. To address this issue, it is imperative to promptly embrace sustainable alternatives. Plasterboard technology presents a viable option for promoting sustainable development, given that about 70% of India’s future building stock remains unconstructed by 2030. Plasterboard technology has had a substantial surge in popularity in Western countries in the last several decades. However, in India, the use of this energy-efficient material remains limited owing to a lack of understanding. This research used the eQUEST simulation tool to analyze the energy usage of a hospitality complex across four distinct climate zones in India. Plasterboards not only save energy consumption but also facilitate the efficient execution of the energy conservation building codes (ECBC). The conventional construction material, namely, burned clay brick with a combined thickness of 280 mm (25 mm (plaster) + 230 mm (FCB) + 25 mm (plaster)), has a thermal transmittance of 2.11 W/m2·K, which is somewhat higher than the specified value in the codes. The thermal transmittance of AAC blocks with the same thickness and layer composition is 0.67 W/m2·K. In contrast, the thermal transmittance of plasterboards with a total thickness of 157 mm is 0.37 W/m2·K, which is below the required value of 0.40 W/m2·K specified in the regulations.
Nyhavna: A Harbour Area on Its Way to Climate Neutrality: Empirical Insights and Learnings for Different Stakeholders
Authors: Skaar Marianne , Bø Lars Arne , Thomsen Judith
Published: January 2025

Creating climate-neutral, inclusive urban areas demands long-term multi-stakeholder engagement. Concepts such as Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) and Zero Emission Neighbourhoods (ZENs) aim for climate neutrality by producing energy surpluses and fostering attractive living spaces. While there’s significant research on emission reduction in buildings, neighbourhood-scale studies are scarce.

This chapter is a case study of the programming of the sustainable transition process of a former harbour area (Nyhavna) in Trondheim, Norway. Approaches applied during the early planning phase are explored, assessing the suitability of these from the perspective of different stakeholders. How does the chosen pathway for the planning process of Nyhavna impact the harbour area’s transformation into an attractive, zero emission neighbourhood? What challenges arise, and which strategies are essential for maintaining high ambitions over time?

Six qualitative expert interviews with seven informants of different stakeholder groups were conducted, public text documents were analysed, and participative observation in meetings was carried out.

The study highlights several challenges experienced by the informants: Continuous stakeholder involvement is challenging and must be planned for; various planning document and the ownership structure of a neighbourhood can impose barriers to ambitious goals, the hierarchy of goals must be clearly defined, and the roles of stakeholders and their interplay should be clarified. This chapter contributes to understanding factors influencing climate-neutral neighbourhood development and offers practical recommendations based on the Nyhavna case study.
Post-Project Evaluation: A Perspective on Effective and Sustainable Healthcare Design
Authors: Sacchetti Laura , Di Giulio Roberto
Published: January 2025

European countries are facing healthcare challenges demanding significant improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare delivery. Consequently, primary care is being strengthened by developing new facilities. As the design of healthcare facilities inevitably entails a delicate balance between various needs and requirements (functional, spatial, environmental, etc.), alongside economic constraints, it is important to determine which elements should be prioritised in the design of new primary care facilities. For this reason, building performance evaluation (BPE) has become a critical aspect of the design, construction and operation of buildings. BPE tools may provide a rational basis to guide designers and local public authorities in decision-making and in prioritising design objectives to optimise primary care facility design as well as to verify design quality in post-occupancy phases. The aim of this chapter is to analyse validated evaluation tools for healthcare-built environments to provide a comprehensive understanding of their main characteristics (target audience, aspects investigated, application phases, data collection methods, expected outcomes and impacts), thereby developing a guideline framework to streamline the adaptation or development of tools specifically tailored to primary care facilities.
R3 Reactivity Test on Biochar from Pyrolyzed Green Waste, Wood Waste, and Screen Overflow
Authors: Mayer Maximilian , Ukrainczyk Neven , Koenders Eduardus
Published: January 2025

Global warming is strongly affected by the release of various anthropogenic greenhouse gases, in particular CO2, and is still increasing due to the use of fossil fuels, land use, and the consumption and production of goods. Cement production is accountable for approximately 6% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In this respect, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) made from sustainable resources can make a significant contribution to reducing CO2 emissions and mitigating global warming. Biochar typically possesses the necessary properties, such as microstructure, specific surface area and chemical stability, to be used as SCM. The present work reports the reactivity of biochar from pyrolyzed biomass, focusing on screen overflows which consist of green waste, wood waste, and other inorganic waste. Screen overflows from two different composting plants in Germany and different particle size distributions (< 40 μm, 40–125 μm, and 125–250 μm) are investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the R3 test. TGA is conducted after 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. Additionally, the chemical composition is determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and particle size distribution. Material from screen overflows was focused purposely in this study due to them being one of the main components being incinerated in waste incineration plants. Therefore, pyrolyzed biochar produced from these screen overflows represents an up-cycling opportunity. Preliminary investigations revealed a moderate reactivity.
Controllable Generation of Porous Microstructures Through Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Torben Jakob , Bao Kai
Published: January 2025

This study presents a new approach to asphalt material analysis, utilising deep generative learning techniques to generate asphalt microstructures from a limited set of micro-CT images. Recognising the critical influence of porosity variation and vertical distribution on the performance and durability of pavement structures, our research focuses on reconstructing the porous microstructure of asphalt. This deep learning-based method enables the rapid creation of new three-dimensional (3D) volumes with controllable porosity profiles, which can be used for material design, simulations and characterisation.

We conduct a comparative analysis between the generated volumes and the original micro-CT images. This approach aims to validate the generated dataset’s accuracy and assess the effectiveness of our method. Our findings indicate that generative deep learning can rapidly generate new representative 3D microstructures with properties that match the real dataset. This advancement provides a new framework for future explorations into developing more durable and efficient pavement systems.

Through the integration of generative deep learning methods with micro-CT imaging techniques, this paper introduces a fresh perspective on the design and analysis of asphalt materials. The developed framework can also be extended to other types of microstructures and properties which can offer a powerful and flexible method in the field of material science and civil engineering.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Service Life of Concrete Infrastructures
Authors: Markeset Gro
Published: January 2025

In the development of low-emission concretes the focus has been on the reduction of carbon footprint by using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). However, the resistance against chloride ingress may vary considerably among the different types of SCM concretes. For concrete structures exposed to chloride-induced corrosion, the resistance against chloride penetration is decisive in determining the service life of the structures. This paper presents calculations of CO2 emissions (Global Warming Potentials—GWPs) from two road culvert solutions, a concrete culvert with two types of low-carbon concretes and a steel pipe culvert. It was found that the main source of the emissions came from the production of concrete and steel materials. The importance of including service life as a parameter in the assessment of CO2 emissions from concrete infrastructures is demonstrated through the chloride ingress simulations of four different SCM concretes. Based on Fick’s second law of diffusion, the service life for a reinforced concrete structure can be twice as long by using concrete with 20% fly ash and 4% silica fume than by using concrete with 35% fly ash. The GWP from concrete is typically given per volume unit. However, a more appropriate unit for LCA of concrete infrastructure should be to include service life and strength parameters in the GWP calculations.
Suitability of Excavation Clay Wastes for Sustainable Earthen Construction
Authors: Harding India , Rengaraju Sripriya , Al-Tabbaa Abir
Published: January 2025

Achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 is driving innovation across the construction industry. Within the industry, there is no component in greater need for change than concrete. The carbon emissions associated with concrete production could be reduced if radical changes to the industry took place. Calcined clay is a growing area of research interest, with its value in LC3 concrete showing great potential. Research beyond concrete-based applications, however, is sparse. This chapter will review the reactivity of calcined clays and assess their suitability as pozzolanic materials. The high reactivity potential of kaolinite is well established across literature; however, the reactivity of low-grade excavation waste comprising 2:1 clay minerals is underexplored. This study thereby assesses the chemical properties and reactivity potential of waste clays and therefore their potential as a polymer. Isothermal calorimetry and bound water R3 tests confirmed that certain excavation wastes exhibit similarities to pure 2:1 minerals like bentonite. While kaolinite is preferred, moderate to high proportions of 2:1 minerals demonstrate potential as supplementary cementitious materials. The novelty of this research is that pozzolanic waste will be applied within earth, rather than concrete. The lower strength requirements of earthen structures alongside typically poor durability properties will be examined in future studies. This study of chemical performance within earthen applications will further demonstrate the value of calcined clay, an abundant yet low-carbon material, thereby facilitating the industry’s transition towards net-zero.
Circularity Index and Benchmarks for Buildings: A Novel and Transferable Approach to Evaluating the Circularity Performance Tested in a Norwegian Context
Authors: Wiik Marianne Kjendseth , Rasmussen Freja Nygaard , Homaei Shabnam , Fjellheim Kristin , Nordby Anne Sigrid , Vadseth Reidun Aasen
Published: January 2025

Circular strategies of prolonging and closing resource flows within the economy hold the potential of avoiding greenhouse gas emissions and reducing other environmental impacts. There are several circularity indexing systems that account for material circularity in buildings. However, there is a lack of harmonized benchmarking systems, meaning that circular buildings are mostly compared with alternatives of their own design. This study addresses these research gaps by exploring a mass-based circularity indexing system and identifying current and future references for the circularity performance of buildings, for use in FutureBuilt, a Norwegian green building innovation programme. The FutureBuilt Circularity Index system rates a building’s circularity performance between 0% and 100%. The indexing system discerns between materials and masses used during construction, and materials available at the end of life of the building. A weighting system is introduced to emphasize the importance of reusing materials at the highest level of functional quality, and to emphasize the importance of current resource circularity versus circularity at the building’s end of life. The circularity index is tested on four Norwegian buildings that have a high focus on circularity, achieving indexing levels from 44% to 69%. A mixed methods approach using statistics, environmental product declarations, and interviews is applied to establish the reference baseline for Norwegian buildings (i.e. 7% circularity) and scenarios for future circularity in 2050 (from 35% to 80% circularity). Actors in the Norwegian construction industry can evaluate the level of ambition for circular buildings by using this novel indexing system and benchmarking approach, which can also be adopted to other national or regional contexts.
Enhancing Climate Resilience in Mixed-Mode Buildings: A Study of Hybrid Ventilation Strategies in a Cold Climate
Authors: Rabani Mehrdad , Coelho Guilherme B. A. , Petersen Arnkell Jonas
Published: January 2025

In Europe, where buildings are responsible for about 36% of total greenhouse gas emissions, largely due to their operational energy use, addressing climate change necessitates reducing buildings’ energy consumption, particularly for climatization. Despite its energy demands, climatization is crucial for a healthy indoor environment. Thus, efforts to enhance climatization efficiency must aim to both lower energy use and preserve indoor comfort.

This research explores resilience of a hybrid ventilation strategy in a mixed-mode office building in a cold climate. The study evaluates the energy performance of two ventilation strategies—full mechanical ventilation and hybrid ventilation—under future conditions relative to contemporary scenarios. Two distinct emission scenarios, RCP 4.5 (mid-emission) and RCP 8.5 (high emission), are considered, spanning three periods: near future, far future, and a reference period.

Oslo, the capital of Norway, serves as the selected case study because it exemplifies a relatively large city by Nordic standards, situated in a cold and humid continental climate. Weather data were compiled in accordance with EN ISO 15927-4 standards, using a 30-year period for reference. Subsequently, the Perez model was applied to separate global radiation into its direct and diffuse elements. Following this, simulations of the indoor climate and energy requirements were conducted using IDA ICE.

The results indicate that adopting hybrid ventilation can lead to energy savings of up to 40% in scenarios of high emissions during the far future. This efficiency gain is primarily attributed to an extension of the window opening period, which is approximately 6% longer than the baseline period. Such an increase in window opening duration notably contributes to the reduction of indoor CO2 levels, as illustrated by the case of Norway. These findings emphasize the critical role of incorporating passive design solutions, like hybrid ventilation through window openings, into both architectural design and urban planning practices in cold climates.
Recent Progress in Net-Zero-Energy Buildings in Tropical Climates: A Review of the Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Mengaw Mengesha Asefie , Mengesha Wubishet Jekale , Madessa Habtamu Bayera
Published: January 2025

Buildings account for a significant proportion of the total energy consumption in the global energy sector, with a value of about 40% of the total energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and studying building energy can play a crucial role in shaping sustainable development goals (SDGs). Interest in achieving net-zero and positive-energy buildings has been growing in recent years. Recent research publications to this day exhibit a lack of focus on net-zero-energy buildings (NZEBs); a more comprehensive literature would include the challenges and opportunities of such buildings. For this reason, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive up-to-date review of the recent progress, challenges, and opportunities in constructing net-zero-energy buildings in tropical climates.

The findings show that the opportunities for constructing net-zero-energy buildings in tropical climates include, but are not limited to, the availability of solar energy, government policies and incentives promoting NZEBs, monetary benefits from increasing the demand for energy-efficient buildings, creating employment opportunities in research and development, reducing operational energy costs, and decreasing the carbon emissions of buildings. On the other hand, the challenges to constructing NZEBs in tropical climates are their high initial costs, regulations and policies, technological barriers to developing energy-efficient materials that are both cost-effective and readily available, connecting net-zero-energy buildings to smart grids, environmental and socioeconomic concerns, occupant behavior, and retrofitting existing buildings.
BREEAM Excellent and Zero-Emission Educational Building: A Case Study on Energy Performance and Indoor Climate Evaluation
Authors: Liang Emma Zheng , Hellum Bente , Melle Carl Fredrik , Spoletini Adrian , Langeteig Hermann Sliper
Published: January 2025

With global concern about climate change on the rise, environmental certification of buildings with BREEAM Nor will provide a holistic evaluation on the sustainability of buildings, especially in Norway. When it comes to optimizing energy performance and indoor climate, a paradox often exists. This paradox becomes even more challenging in the context of educational buildings, where it can be difficult to achieve both optimal indoor climate and passive house standards due to potential negative impacts on energy performance, particularly with regard to energy use for cooling. In this study, energy performance and indoor climate are assessed in a pilot project (the school project: one of Norway’s most environmentally friendly schools). The connection between energy supply solutions, building envelope, and technical details will be elucidated. The study underscores the importance of post-occupancy evaluation to compare a building’s projected performance with its actual outcomes. This process helps identify gaps and discrepancies, allowing for adjustments to meet intended energy efficiency and environmental goals. This paper is partly based on a bachelor’s project by three bachelor’s students from Oslo Metropolitan University.
Integrated Technical Building Installations for Zero-Emission Building
Authors: Liang Emma Zheng , Madessa Habtamu Bayera
Published: January 2025

It is known that the built environment is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. In the building sectors, significant efforts have been made to reduce emission associated with energy use in buildings and construction materials. However, the process related to integrated technical building installations (ITB) is not well addressed. The study includes a case study for zero-emission educational building. By examining case studies, best practices, and emerging problems, this research sheds light on the transformative power of integrated technical building installations in optimizing energy efficiency and consequently reducing carbon footprints. The findings underscore the need for a multidisciplinary approach, collaboration among stakeholders, and the integration of best practices in the realization of zero-emission buildings should be applied at the very beginning of building process.
Reducing Energy Consumption Through Energy Monitoring Systems: A Case Study in Norway
Authors: Liang Emma Zheng , Paramonov Sergey , Madessa Habtamu Bayera
Published: January 2025

The topic on how to reduce energy use by close monitoring system, such as Energy Monitoring System (EMS), has attracted more and more interests nowadays. However, there is a noticeable lack of practical case studies illustrating the concrete steps, the potential challenges, and actionable solutions along with the process. This study is based on a pilot project for Vestfold and Telemark County municipality in Norway, aiming to reduce energy use by tracking and analyzing energy consumption patterns on a weekly basis. Deployment of EMS system offers the real-time monitoring capabilities, providing an invaluable tool for energy use optimization. By studying the interactive measurements and illustrating trends through interactive diagrams, EMS system producing relevant results parallelly facilitates precise energy optimization, enhancing sustainability and facilitating the efficiency of energy management. This study underscores the contribution of the EMS system and its practical barriers and their respective resolutions, emphasizing the necessity of these insights toward zero carbon footprint and energy-efficient future. Notably, the close monitoring and optimization of energy usage in this case study culminated in savings of 9.8 million Norwegian kroner in 2022.
Exploring Multilevel Governance Networks in Deployment of Positive Energy Districts: Case of Salzburg
Authors: Cheng Caroline , Gohari Savis
Published: January 2025

Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) represent innovative place-based strategic approaches aimed at advancing our climate goals within the built environment. PEDs are increasingly recognized as a vital component in the journey toward achieving climate neutrality and fostering smart cities. Success in deploying PEDs necessitates holistic consideration of political, social, environmental, procedural, economic, technological, and contextual factors, involving shifting constellations of stakeholders. Achieving human-centric PEDs requires a transdisciplinary collaboration and a cocreation approach, bridging gaps between the public sector, business sector, research and technology sector, and end users. Many emerging studies have recognized that the main challenge of deploying PEDs pertains to silo thinking and suboptimal governance systems. This exploratory chapter aims to delve into the governance structures and functions in the deployment of a PED project. The chapter adopts a single-case study approach focused on a Sustainable Plus Energy Neighborhood (SPEN) in the specific context of Salzburg, Austria. Our objective is to map the structure of the governance network and their interactions for knowledge and resource exchange in the deployment of PEDs. Our findings challenge the adequacy of both total rational planning and incremental planning approaches in addressing the complexities inherent in neighborhood-scale projects like GNICE SPEN in Salzburg. Our study underscores the importance of recognizing the limitations of traditional planning paradigms and advocating for more adaptive and inclusive approaches to governance. The contribution of this chapter is to refine the structural-functionalism model for empirical investigations of governance models, particularly in the context of PEDs.
Introduction: Demanding a Radical Constitution
Authors: Barandiaran Javiera
Published: January 2025

This introduction explains the immediate and long-term causes of constitutional reform in Chile, with a focus on the 2019 estallido, as well as the range of forces that led a majority to reject the 2022 text. Multiple, often contradictory, factors motivated Chileans both to take to the streets in 2019 and vote to reject the constitution. This introduction examines the various political and institutional dynamics which eroded support for constitutional reform. With the benefit of hindsight, these dynamics might have been handled differently, underscoring the need to learn from this process.
Indigenous Representation: How Recognition, Reciprocity, and Reserved Seats Shaped the Constitutional Convention
Authors: Partridge Tristan
Published: January 2025

When the Constitutional Convention began rewriting Chile’s constitution in 2021, 17 of the 155 assembly seats were reserved for Indigenous representatives. This unprecedented achievement, though a compromise, was the result of decades of ongoing struggle for Indigenous recognition and representation as well as intensified organizing during, and after, the 2019 estallido. This chapter relays how the agreement took shape, noting key debates and exchanges in the formation of this landmark in Chilean politics, highlighting the influence of persistent anti-Indigenous sentiment across Chile, and placing the move for Indigenous representation and visibility in constitutional politics within the context of parallel struggles across Latin America.
An Ombudsman for Nature: Putting Environmental Protection into Practice Within an ‘Eco-constitution’
Authors: Wercinski Mia
Published: January 2025

A component of the 2022 ‘Eco-constitution’ was the creation of an Ombudsman for Nature (in Spanish, Defensoría de la Naturaleza)—an office with the authority and tools needed to hold accountable the myriad forces responsible for ecological destruction. The need for an Ombudsman stemmed from Chile’s relatively weak environmental enforcement capacities in a context of rich biodiversity and export-oriented extractivism of minerals, industrial agriculture, and forestry products. This chapter explores the articles within the 2022 constitutional text that sought to create an Ombudsman for Nature, focusing on their necessity and the office’s four central traits.
Knowledge Systems: Redefining Science and Bioethics for the Common Good
Authors: Torralbo Camila , Salazar Maite
Published: January 2025

Asking what role science has in creating changes to advance to a “good life” and “the common good,” this chapter reviews the CC’s efforts to redefine science. The Chilean social uprising (2019)—triggered by demands for social rights—resulted in a proposal for constitutional reform that included innovative articles on Knowledge Systems (Article 96) and Bioethics (Article 98); the causes and goals of these articles are explored in this chapter.
SLC10A7 regulates O-GalNAc glycosylation and Ca2+ homeostasis in the secretory pathway: insights into SLC10A7-CDG
Authors: Durin Zoé , Layotte Aurore , Morelle Willy , Houdou Marine , Folcher Antoine , Legrand Dominique , Lefeber Dirk , Prevarskaya Natalia , Von Blume Julia , Cormier-Daire Valérie , Foulquier François
Published: January 2025

Glycans are known to be fundamental for many cellular and physiological functions. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) currently encompassing over 160 subtypes, are characterized by glycan synthesis and/or processing defects. Despite the increasing number of CDG patients, therapeutic options remain very limited as our knowledge on glycan synthesis is fragmented. The emergence of CDG resulting from defects in ER/ Golgi homeostasis makes this even more difficult. SLC10A7 belongs to the SLC10 protein family, known as bile acid and steroid transport family, exhibiting a unique structure. It shows a ubiquitous expression and is linked to negative calcium regulation in cells. The mechanisms by which SLC10A7 deficiency leads to Golgi glycosylation abnormalities are unknown. The present study identifies major O-glycosylation defects in both SLC10A7 KO HAP1 cells and SLC10A7-CDG patient fibroblasts and reveals an increased ER and Golgi calcium contents. We also show that the abundance of COSMC and C1GALT1 is altered in SLC10A7-CDG patient cells, as well as the subcellular Golgi localization of the Ca2+-binding Cab45 protein. Finally, we demonstrate that supraphysiological manganese supplementation suppresses the deficient electrophoretic mobility of TGN46 by an aberrant transfer of GalNAc residues, and reveal COSMC Mn2+ sensitivity. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of Golgi glycosylation defects in SLC10A7-deficient cells. They show that SLC10A7 is a key Golgi transmembrane protein maintaining the tight regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER and Golgi compartments, both essential for glycosylation.
Digital basierte klinisch-orientierte Anatomie: Zukunft der Lehre
Authors: Maier Esther C. , Ödemis Veysel , Bräuer Anja U.
Published: January 2025

Die universitäre Lehre befindet sich im Umbruch. Steigende Studierendenzahlen sowie die voranschreitende Digitalisierung des Alltags führen auch in der Lehre zur Erprobung verschiedenster neuer Lehr- und Lernformate. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über Hintergründe und Ansätze, die genutzt werden, um anatomischen Unterricht unter Einsatz digitaler Lernmethoden effektiv und effizient zu gestalten und den Erwartungen der Studierenden gerecht zu werden.
Geometric stability of detonation propagation in curved channels
Authors: Shi X. , Hencel R. , Crane J. , Fotia M. , Wang H.
Published: January 2025

Detonation propagation dynamics in circularly curved channels are investigated using both experimental and geometric modeling approaches. Quasi-two-dimensional curved channels with a range of channel widths and curve radii were tested. Experimentally, three propagation modes were observed: a stable propagation mode featuring a flat detonation front and steady near-CJ propagation, an unstable mode with varying frontal structures and velocity oscillations, and failure to propagate. Experimental data from the current study and those in the literature show that for a given ratio between channel width and detonation cell width, there exists a critical inner-to-outer radius ratio that sets apart the stable and unstable propagation modes. A regime map is proposed in the present work to describe the observed propagation modes. The regime map highlights the competition between the focusing effect of the outer concave boundary (with respect to the transverse waves) and the diverging effect of the inner convex boundary in addition to the effect from the channel-to-cell width ratio. With a reduced channel-to-cell width ratio, the inner-to-outer radius ratio critical to sustained detonation propagation must increase. Geometric modeling results are found to be in agreement with experimental observations. In addition, geometric modeling was used to test channel geometries beyond what has been experimentally tested and to provide a rational explanation for the regime map.
Influence of yeast inoculum (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii) on the production of rosé wines from high hydrostatic pressure-treated musts
Authors: Villar Natalia , Pérez-Nevado Francisco , Andrés Ana I. , García-Parra Jesús , Ramírez Manuel , Valdés M. Esperanza , Moreno Daniel
Published: January 2025

Autochthonous and mixed cultures of selected yeasts (Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces) are used to produce wines with unique physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is being used in fermented beverages industries to eliminate undesired microorganisms. The aims of this study were (a) to determine the effect of HHP on a multivarietal must, (b) to analyze the effect of different yeast starter inocula (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulaspora delbrueckii and a mixed culture of both yeasts) on the kinetics fermentation and the characteristics of rosé wines obtained. The HHP treatment inactivated the grape wild yeast population, modifiying the total phenolic content, the anthocyanin profile and the chromatic characteristics of treated must. Similar kinetics were observed in fermentations with S. cerevisiae (WSC), and Mix starters (WMIX); however, T. delbrueckii fermentations (WTD) were sluggish. WTD wines showed lower alcohol strength and tanins values, higher dry extract and residual sugar than WSC and WMIX wines. The following trend was observed in the values of different anthocyanin/non anthocyanin ratios WTD > WMIX > WSC; these could influence the color evolution of the wines elaborated. All wines showed similar and typical chromatic values for rosé wines; and not visual differences were perceived by the tasters. WTD showed a different taste with lower scores in acidity, bitterness and astringency. WTD could be considered a very trendy type of beverage: a sweeter, low-alcohol rosé wine, although WMIX had the highest aromatic complexity.
Preoperative Oral Feeding in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease Within the First Month of Life is Associated with a Higher Likelihood of Freedom From Tube Feeding at Time of Postoperative Discharge
Authors: Dabbagh Aseel , Miller Sarah , McCulloch Michael , Rosenthal Geoffrey , Conaway Mark , White Shelby
Published: January 2025

Though several studies have demonstrated that preoperative oral feeding (PO) can be safe in patients with congenital heart disease, they are commonly prohibited from doing so, potentially precluding the development of such skills. We sought to determine whether preoperative oral feeding is associated with freedom from tube feeding at postoperative discharge. Single-center, observational study including patients in the first month of life (≤ 30 days of age) who underwent a single cardiac surgery between 7/1/2017–6/30/2022 and survived to discharge. Preoperative PO was defined as any oral intake up to the day of cardiac surgery. General demographics and peri-operative characteristics were analyzed. A total of 235 patients were included of which 178 (78%) PO fed preoperatively, and 171 (73%) were discharged taking full PO. Those discharged without tube feeds received more preoperative oral feeds, were less likely to have a chromosomal abnormality/genetic syndrome, had lower STAT categories, and were less likely to have postoperative complications, vocal cord dysfunction or prolonged mechanical ventilation. Multivariate analysis found that any preoperative PO [odds ratio (OR) of 2.78 (CI 1.48, 5.24, p-value = 0.002)] and increasing amounts of PO were predictive of full PO intake at discharge [≤ 20 ml/kg/day (OR 2.06, CI 1.03, 4.14, p-value = 0.042) and > 20 ml/kg/day (OR 4.07, CI 1.88, 8.84, p-value = 0.004)]. Preoperative oral feeding is a strong predictor of discharging with full PO intake after cardiac surgery in the first month of life and that it may also improve with increasing volumes. Multi-institutional analyses are warranted.