bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of strategy in ensuring the security of business structures
Authors: BIELKIN Denys
Published: March 2024

The paper considers the role of strategizing in ensuring the security of business structures. The theoretical aspect of the concept of "strategizing" in the context of security of business structures is studied. The approaches to defining the essence of its concept by foreign and domestic scholars are analyzed. It is determined that the most key aspects are the following: development management, self-development potential, a set of provisions and procedures, actions in case of uncertainty, maneuvering in conditions of imbalance, multiplier effect, achievement of goals, and resource. It is found that the main structural elements of business security are determined in accordance with the specifics of their activities. The most commonly distinguished are the following: information, technical and technological, personnel and intellectual, financial, organizational and managerial, environmental, power and political and legal. The author defines the role of strategizing in the formation of the security system of business structures and how it affects its individual subsystems, in particular, financial, technical and technological, organizational and managerial. With regard to the former, the actions and measures of strategizing are implemented at the stages of planning, analysis, evaluation and control. As for the second, they are implemented during foresighting, planning, analysis, evaluation, modeling, and controlling. As for the third, the actions and measures of strategy are implemented in planning, analysis, evaluation, controlling, forecasting and determining KPIs. All of this will have the corresponding effect: as for the financial subsystem of security - increasing the level of financial independence, sustainability and competitiveness; as for the technical and technological subsystem - increasing the level of innovation, adaptability, competitiveness; as for the organizational and managerial subsystem - increasing the level of corporate social responsibility, interconnection between the structural units of the organizational management structure.
Methodological provision of analysis of the efficiency of investment activities of enterprises
Authors: KOSTYRKO Lidiia , CHERNODUBOVA Eleonora
Published: March 2024

The paper is devoted to the disclosure of the main provisions of methodological support for the analysis of the investment activity of enterprises and practical recommendations on the use of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of investment projects for decision-making. Making investment decisions is based on the use of various formalized and informal methods and models, taking into account the following factors: changes in the value of money over time; alternative value of resources; cash flows generated by the project; uncertainty and risk; inflation, price changes and currency exchange rate fluctuations; investment goals and investor psychology; possible changes in project parameters; synergies between investment projects of the enterprise. When forming the list of monitoring indicators, those aspects of the business entity's investment activity that are most important for owners, investors and management organizers were highlighted. It is proposed to form a system of performance indicators of the enterprise's investment activity in accordance with the sphere of investment: production, marketing, technology, organization. The principles of investment activity analysis and recommendations on the procedures for analyzing the effectiveness of project implementation have been formed, the choice of which depends on the management goals aimed at achieving a stable cash flow and ensuring the financial stability of the enterprise. The essential characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the existing approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects are revealed. A system of indicators and criteria for the analysis of the effectiveness of investment activities of indicators characterizing the effectiveness of investments depending on the sphere of investment of funds: production, marketing, technology, organization are proposed. Recommendations for choosing a specific method for evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects in the context of achieving the priority goal - maximizing project profitability, risk acceptability and investors' interests are substantiated.
Pengaruh Latihan Menggunakan Karet Ban Sepeda Terhadap Penguasaan Teknik Dasar Panahan Pada Atlet Panahan Tingkat Pemula
Authors: Juniarni Hardi Veny
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of training using rubber bicycle tires in mastering basic archery techniques for beginner level archery athletes. This research is an experimental research using pre-experimental methods with data collection techniques using treatment, pretest and posttest as research instruments. The population of this study were archery UKM STKIP Pasundan athletes with a total of 10 athletes, the sample used was 10 athletes using the sampling method, namely the total sampling technique. Data analysis used the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 application. Data analysis started by calculating the mean/average value of the results of the archery test conducted on the sample (Archery UKM STKIP Pasundan students, the result was that the average value of P1 (Assessor 1) was 17.3 of 7, 8 (pretest) is smaller than P2 (assessor 2) with an average value of 17.8 out of 8.7 (pretest).
The Perceptions and Attitudes of Saudi EFL Students Toward the Use of Communicative Language Teaching in Oral Communication Classes
Authors: Alluhaydan Hamad Mohammed
Published: March 2024

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is widely and extensively practiced in language teaching, especially in EFL classes. In fact, most educators consider it to be the most effective and practical approach to language teaching. Early studies indicated that the positive or negative attitudes of learners toward CLT can affect their language learning process. As a result, the current study aims to unveil the perceptions and attitudes of Saudi college and graduate students toward the implementation of CLT to enhance their speaking and listening skills. Furthermore, gender role is also considered since Saudi has a segregated system of education. Questionnaire items adopted from Komol et al. (2020) were rated on a Likert scale which ranged from “Strongly Disagree” (1, very low) to “Strongly Agree” (5, very high). Mean Likert scale scores were used to evaluate the responses of participants along with the standard deviation (SD). The study found that Saudi participants displayed a higher perception of CLT activities when compared to their attitude. Moreover, females showed a higher perception and attitude toward CLT activities than males did. The highest mean scores of perception items among females are “Making a short video” because it allows them to get more exposure to English use while males have chosen “Teacher’s instruction on class CLT activities” as more significant. Concerning attitudinal items, males believe in using CLT activities to promote their language proficiency. In contrast, females believe in using role-play activities to improve their language proficiency. Finally, females showed less preference for CLT group or class activities than males did.
The Translatability of Near-Synonyms into English: Analytical Study of the Translation of Al-Qarni’s Book ‘La Tahzan’ Expository Details On Summary Skills in English Language for Beginners
Authors: Almohammadi Dalia Ali , Rababah Hussein Abdo
Published: March 2024

This study aims at discovering the obstacles that might encounter translators while translating near-synonyms into English in the social field and discourse. It concludes that if translators follow a specific arrangement of equivalences as suggested and explained by Werner Koller (1979), the process of translating near-synonyms from Arabic into English will be facilitated. The methodology adopted in this research is based on the analysis and comparison of a professional translator’s and MA students’ renditions of ten texts containing near-synonyms in 'La Tahzan' book. The importance and significance of this study is to discover difficulties that might face translators in the social filed and discourse, since some previous pieces of research proved that translators face difficulties in other kinds of discourses, such as the literary and Islamic field. The research chooses a professional translator rendition, Faisal Mohammad Shafeeq, and forty MA students to have a fair comparison. The choice of the 10 near-synonyms is based on searching in the old monolingual dictionaries for famous Arab linguists, and some of the interpretation books for the Holy Qur’an. The analysis aims at examining the extent to which the translators are able to find English equivalents for Arabic near-synonyms. Moreover, the research provides model translation for these near-synonyms, based on following the equivalence relations theory.
Estimation of the Charge Mobility of Phenanthroline derivatives with the view of Density Functional Theory: Reorganization Energy and Charge Transfer Integral are in play
Authors: TÜRKMEN BULCA Zeynep , YAKALI Gül
Published: March 2024

Molecular arrangement and noncovalent interactions in organic materials greatly influence the charge mobility in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). In the light of the this argument, we examined the electronic properties of the phenanthroline derivatives by considering the charge mobility with the combination of density functional theory and Marcus Charge Transfer Theory. The drift electron mobility of the molecule 1 and 2 were determined to 21.13 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 18.00 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively through J type π⋯π stacking interactions created by small perpendicular distances between the adjacent rings. The effective charge pathways of the molecules were generated with strong π⋯π stacking interactions consolidated by noncovalent interactions in their solid phases. The electron reorganization energy for both molecules were determined smaller than that of holes which means they have n-type semiconductor properties. The charge transfer integrals were calculated with the optimization of molecules’ dimer configurations that the theoretical results demonstrate the charge transfer integral depends on the distance between the stacking rings. High charge transfer integral and small reorganization energy give the high charge mobility fort he semiconductor molecules. Beside the mobility, energy band gap, ionization potential, electron and hole injection barriers of the molecules were interpreted to further understand their electronic properties. Due to the small LUMO values which provide n-type molecule and small electron injection barrier. From the our work both molecules can be effective n type organic semiconductor devices with the high mobility and can be modified for more efficient charge transport in phenanthroline derivatives.
Producción de masculinidades hegemónicas digitales: un abordaje desde las comunidades virtuales de exestudiantes de liceos emblemáticos
Authors: Toro Sáez Axl Dary
Published: March 2024

Este estudio busca dar respuesta a cómo se producen las masculinidades hegemónicas en contextos digitales. Para esto, se propuso analizar la producción de masculinidades hegemónicas digitales en comunidades virtuales de exestudiantes en Facebook de los denominados liceos emblemáticos. Se realizó una aproximación etnográfica digital junto con entrevistas a los miembros de estos grupos. Se considera la crisis que atraviesan los liceos emblemáticos a consecuencia del cuestionamiento de la enseñanza de valores tradicionales en sus aulas y se da cuenta de la presencia de un sistema educacional sexista, que se ha encargado de transmitir valores tradicionales y hegemónicos en función del género. Entre los principales resultados de esta investigación destacan: la percepción sobre la producción del modelo de masculinidades hegemónica en los liceos emblemáticos y la configuración de patrones hegemónicos como la subordinación, la complicidad y la marginación.
Development of Composite Index in Block Level: A Case Study of Nirmal District, Telangana
Authors: Chitikeshi Omprakash
Published: March 2024

In an era characterized by rapid urbanization and evolving regional development priorities, understanding the nuanced dynamics of different localities is paramount. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for creating a composite index at the block level, which is essential for informed policy decisions, urban planning, and resource allocation. We outline the significance of this work, the methodology employed, and the potential implications of our research
Harnessing Nanotechnology for Advancements in Magnetism: Current Trends and Future Prospects
Authors: Chander Subhash
Published: March 2024

Nanotechnology has revolutionized various fields, including magnetism, by enabling the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale. This paper explores the current trends and future prospects of harnessing nanotechnology for advancements in magnetism. We discuss the fundamental principles of magnetism at the nanoscale and review recent developments in nanomagnetic materials, fabrication techniques, and applications. Additionally, we highlight the potential impact of nanotechnology on diverse areas such as data storage, biomedical devices, magnetic sensors, and spintronics. Furthermore, challenges and opportunities in the field are addressed, offering insights into the direction of future research and technological innovations.
Pre-impact Thermophysical Properties and the Yarkovsky Effect of NASA DART Target (65803) Didymos
Authors: Rozitis Benjamin , Green Simon F. , Jackson Samuel L. , Snodgrass Colin , Opitom Cyrielle , Müller Thomas G. , Kolb Ulrich C. , Chesley Steven R. , Daly R. Terik , Thomas Cristina A. , Rivkin Andrew S.
Published: March 2024

The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft impacted the secondary body of the binary asteroid (65803) Didymos on 2022 September 26 and altered its orbit about the primary body. Before the DART impact, we performed visible and mid-infrared observations to constrain the pre-impact thermophysical properties of the Didymos system and to model its Yarkovsky effect. Analysis of the photometric phase curve derives a Bond albedo of 0.07 ± 0.01, and a thermophysical analysis of the mid-infrared observations derives a thermal inertia of 320 ± 70 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2 and a thermal roughness of 40° ± 3° rms slope. These properties are compatible with the ranges derived for other S-type near-Earth asteroids. Model-to-measurement comparisons of the Yarkovsky orbital drift for Didymos derives a bulk density of 2750 ± 350 kg m−3, which agrees with other independent measures based on the binary mutual orbit. This bulk density indicates that Didymos is spinning at or near its critical spin-limit at which self-gravity balances equatorial centrifugal forces. Furthermore, comparisons with the post-impact infrared observations presented in Rivkin et al. indicate no change in the thermal inertia of the Didymos system following the DART impact. Finally, orbital temperature simulations indicate that subsurface water ice is stable over geologic timescales in the polar regions if present. These findings will be investigated in more detail by the upcoming ESA Hera mission.
The Dolichens database: the lichen biota of the Dolomites
Authors: Francesconi Luana , Conti Matteo , Gheza Gabriele , Martellos Stefano , Nimis Pier Luigi , Vallese Chiara , Nascimbene Juri
Published: March 2024

The Dolichens project provides the first dynamic inventory of the lichens of the Dolomites (Eastern Alps, Italy). Occurrence records were retrieved from published and grey literature, reviewed herbaria, unpublished records collected by the authors, and new sampling campaigns, covering a period from 1820 to 2022. Currently, the dataset contains 56,251 records, referring to 1,719 infrageneric taxa, reported from 1820 to 2022, from hilly to nival belts, and corresponding to about half of the species known for the whole Alpine chain. Amongst them, 98% are georeferenced, although most of them were georeferenced a posteriori. The dataset is available through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; https://www.gbif.org/es/dataset/cea3ee2c-1ff1-4f8e-bb37-a99600cb4134) and through the Dolichens website (https://italic.units.it/dolichens/). We expect that this open floristic inventory will contribute to tracking the lichen diversity of the Dolomites over the past 200 years, and providing the basis for future taxonomic, biogeographical, and ecological studies.
La politique étrangère de l’AfD, entre désintégration à l’Ouest et partenariat à l’Est
Authors: Dubslaff Étienne , Stark Hans
Published: March 2024

L’AfD est née en 2013 sur fond de crise monétaire comme « alternative » à la politique de sauvetage de l’euro que menait le gouvernement Merkel. Depuis lors, les programmes en vue des élections européennes de 2014, 2019 et 2024 dénotent une constante radicalisation. D’un parti « eurosceptique modéré », l’AfD s’est muée en un parti d’extrême droite qui laisse planer le spectre d’un « Dexit » et appelle de ses vœux une double rupture dans la politique étrangère allemande. L’Europe, « nocive » dans son identité et son fonctionnement actuels, doit devenir une « forteresse » anti-musulmane au service des États-Nations membres tandis que, plus généralement, l’Allemagne est appelée à suivre plus avant le modèle économique et politique russe. Pour l’AfD, si l’Allemagne doit choisir entre l’Est et l’Ouest, elle devra sortir de l’UE et de l’OTAN, se rapprocher de la Russie et adhérer aux structures de coopération politiques et économiques russo-chinoises.
Les Juifs allemands exilés aux États-Unis sous le national-socialisme : entre « normalisation » et affirmation identitaire
Authors: Azuélos Daniel
Published: March 2024

L’exil aux États-Unis de quelque 200 000 Juifs allemands fuyant le national-socialisme à partir de 1933 est à replacer dans le contexte des restrictions à l’immigration appliquées par ce pays à partir des années 1920, puis de la Grande dépression des années 1930. Rares sont ceux qui, à l’époque, pouvaient imaginer l’apport que ces exilés pourraient avoir au développement de leur pays d’accueil dans les décennies futures. Cette diaspora, qui présentait une structure socio-professionnelle conforme à celle de la petite et moyenne bourgeoisie allemande, fut confrontée à son arrivée aux États-Unis à une situation de déclassement sans précédent pour une communauté habituée depuis le milieu du XIX e  siècle à gravir avec succès les marches d’une spirale sociale ascendante. Pour y faire face elle sembla vouloir, pendant un temps, adapter son habitus social à celui de la garde montante judéo-américaine issue de l’Europe de l’Est. Mais elle finit par renouer avec la tradition bourgeoise libérale que ses ancêtres avaient déjà inaugurée au siècle précédent. De fait, si l’intégration à la société américaine des exilés de la première génération fut souvent difficile, celle de leurs enfants fut une réussite, en partie grâce à leur héritage judéo-allemand dont ils avaient voulu malgré tout s’affranchir. Après guerre, peu firent le choix d’Israël et le rejet de l’Allemagne était si fort que rares furent ceux qui osaient exprimer l’idée de rémigration.
Mathieu Bock-Côté, le passeur
Authors: Escalona Fabien
Published: March 2024

Depuis une dizaine d’années, on a lu ses papiers dans Le Figaro et Valeurs actuelles , on a écouté ses chroniques sur Europe 1 et on l’a vu débattre sur CNews. S’il se présente comme «  sociologue  » et héritier de Raymond Aron, Mathieu Bock-Côté est avant tout un éditorialiste qui évolue dans le sillage d’Éric Zemmour et flatte l’extrême droite à longueur de plateaux, de ce côté-ci de l’Atlantique comme dans son Québec natal. Pourfendeur du « wokisme », l’essayiste martèle un discours hostile au multiculturalisme et s’emploie à alerter son auditoire face à ce qu’il identifie comme un nouveau totalitarisme en marche. S’érigeant en véritable sentinelle antitotalitaire, Mathieu Bock-Côté ne cesse d’inverser le sens des dominations à coups d’euphémismes et de comparaisons bancales, loin d’un travail de recherche sérieux qu’il revendique et de l’aura intellectuelle dont il se nimbe.
Meillet, les juifs et la Bible
Authors: Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot Hava
Published: March 2024

La contribution de Hava Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot discute de la position de Meillet à l’égard des juifs. Trois aspects sont élaborés. Le premier concerne la façon dont Meillet ramène les différentes langues du peuple juif à la même culture. Ce type de travaux illustre la volonté de Meillet d’examiner les cultures liées aux langues auxquelles il s’intéressait. Le second sujet traite de l’influence de la Bible hébraïque sur les langues européennes. Les démonstrations et les explications de Meillet laissent penser que son apprentissage chez Carrière a été très fructueux et lui a permis d’acquérir une connaissance profonde des textes religieux en général. La troisième partie est dédiée à l’attitude de Meillet au moment de l’affaire Dreyfus.
La moitié du chemin. Sur la réception d’Antoine Meillet dans l’URSS de Staline
Authors: Moret Sébastien
Published: March 2024

Dans son article, Moret traite de la réception soviétique de Meillet et de ses idées, à travers l’histoire et l’analyse de la réédition en 1938, en plein stalinisme, de la traduction en russe de son Introduction à l’étude comparative des langues indo-européennes , ouvrage appareillé d’une introduction et de commentaires en russe à destination des lecteurs soviétiques. Comment expliquer cette parution dans un pays tout encore soumis aux théories linguistiques de Marr et rejetant comme d’émanation bourgeoise toute la linguistique indo-européenne ? Avant de répondre à cette question, l’auteur propose un panorama des rapports que Meillet a entretenus avec la Russie et ses collègues russes, puis présente quelques jalons et sources de la réception de Meillet en Union soviétique, qui n’a pas été en noir et blanc.
Le rapport à l’évaluation dans trois situations d’ « éducation à » la conception
Authors: Moineau Christophe , Farsy Sophie , Tortochot Éric , Roy Émeline
Published: March 2024

Cet article confronte trois situations d’enseignement-apprentissage du design tel qu’il est pensé et mis en œuvre dans le système éducatif français. Partant de l’hypothèse que cet enseignement de la conception est une forme d’ « éducation à », l’objectif est de mettre en lumière l’incidence de l’évaluation sur l’activité de conception et sur le développement de « compétences tranformatives ». La méthodologie est fondée sur l’analyse sémio-cognitive de l’activité de conception des élèves et des étudiants. Les résultats, confrontés aux prescriptions institutionnelles et à celles des enseignants, montrent que les modalités d’évaluations masquent les objectifs réels des activités de conception, entravent généralement ces dernières et brident en partie le développement des compétences visées. Les activités de conception enseignées sont adressées à l’évaluateur, ce qui souligne l’importance de l’énonciation et du dialogue au sein des dispositifs d’évaluation de l’éducation à la conception.
La régulation didactique des pratiques vocales des élèves au collège en éducation musicale
Authors: Hentzen Philippe
Published: March 2024

Notre recherche porte sur l’enseignement de l’éducation musicale au collège. Nous nous intéressons à ce qui s’enseigne et ce qui s’apprend dans cette discipline scolaire, plus spécifiquement aux démarches d’évaluation-soutien d’apprentissage visant la régulation des apprentissages en éducation musicale. Le cadre théorique croise les concepts forgés dans le champ des recherches sur l’évaluation soutien-d’apprentissage et dans celui des recherches en didactique afin de rendre compte du processus de transmission-appropriation de savoirs du point de vue de la régulation des apprentissages. Notre recueil de données s’appuie sur des données prélevées in situ dans la classe de 3 enseignants (entretiens d’auto-confrontation simple, ante-séances, séances non vues). L’ensemble des données a été triangulé (Mucchielli, 2004) et analysé à l’aide des descripteurs de la TACD (Sensevy et Mercier, 2007) et aux catégories conceptuelles de la régulation (Mottier Lopez, 2012). Les analyses microdidactiques centrées sur deux objets de savoirs (la coordination vocale et l’intonation vocale) montrent que ce sont des régulations et autorégulations on-line qui sont les plus fréquemment mobilisées.
Observed Use of Clinical Judgment Among New Graduate Nurses
Authors: Monagle Janet , Jessee Mary Ann , Nielsen Ann , Gonzalez Lisa , Lasater Kathie
Published: March 2024

Background:

Despite the efforts of academic nursing educators to prepare students to make sound clinical judgments, the literature suggests new graduate nurse (NGN) competence with this critical skill continues to decline. This study sought to identify how practicing nurses describe their observations of the use and outcomes of clinical judgment by NGNs in nursing practice.

Method:

A multisite, cross-sectional survey using multiple-choice, Likert scale, and open response items to identify participants' observations of NGN clinical judgment was sent with snowball sampling and resulted in a sample of 314 participants from 19 U.S. states.

Results:

Practice partners identified a wide discrepancy between how they expect NGNs to use clinical judgment and what they actually see NGNs do, with resultant negative effects on patients and NGNs.

Conclusion:

These results provide a beginning understanding of NGNs' specific challenges with clinical judgment. Efforts to improve clinical judgment across nursing education and practice are needed.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2024;55(8):399–406.]
High-Fluence Epithelium-off Accelerated Pulsed Corneal Cross-linking (15 mW/cm
2
; 7.2 J/cm
2
) for Pediatric Keratoconus: A 3-Year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Fasciani Romina , Scartozzi Luca , Bruzio Simone , Di Stefano Gaetano , Mosca Luigi , Guccione Laura , Ciardiello Alessandro , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

To assess the safety and efficacy of treatment and secondarily determine the topographic changes, visual outcomes, and demarcation line depth after high-fluence pulsed light accelerated cross-linking (ACXL) in pediatric patients (younger than 18 years) with progressive keratoconus.

Methods:

This retrospective analysis included 32 eyes (25 children, aged 11 to 18 years), with progressive keratoconus treated with high-energy epithelium-off pulsed light ACXL (7.2 J/cm
2
, 15 mW/cm
2
, 12 minutes, 2 seconds on/1 second off). Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), Scheimpflug tomography, and anterior optical coherence tomography measurements were recorded preoperatively and 1, 2, and 3 years postoperatively.

Results:

A total of 32 eyes were included. Significant CDVA improvement, pachymetry, and maximum keratometry reduction were found at all follow-up visits. Mean keratometric values remained stable, and astigmatism showed a mild worsening (< 0.25 D) with statistical significance at 1 and 3 years. Total aberration showed discordant results and coma aberration had a slight improvement without statistical significance. The demarcation line depth was 265 ± 26 μm. Three patients developed mild haze without visual acuity loss. None of the patients underwent a second CXL procedure.

Conclusions:

In pediatric patients, high-fluence epithelium-off pulsed light ACXL appears to be a safe and effective procedure to halt the progression of keratoconus, slightly improving the CDVA and keratometric values.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(3):e148–e155.]
Camellin-Calossi Formula for Intraocular Lens Power Calculation in Patients With Previous Myopic Laser Vision Correction
Authors: Zollet Piero , Romeo Maria Angela , Tripepi Domenico , Vinciguerra Paolo , Vinciguerra Riccardo
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

To assess the performance of the Camellin-Calossi formula in eyes with prior myopic laser vision correction.

Methods:

This was a retrospective case series. Patients included had a history of uncomplicated myopic laser vision correction and cataract surgery. The primary outcome measures were cumulative distribution of absolute refractive prediction error, absolute refractive prediction error, and refractive prediction error. These parameters were estimated post-hoc using the Camellin-Calossi, Shammas, Haigis-L, Barrett True-K with or without history, Masket, and Modified Masket formulas and their averages starting from biometric data, clinical records, postoperative refraction, and intraocular lens power implanted.

Results:

Seventy-seven eyes from 77 patients were included. The Camellin-Calossi, Shammas, Haigis-L, Barrett True-K No History, Masket, Modified Masket, and Barrett True-K formulas showed a median absolute refractive error (interquartile range) of 0.25 (0.53), 0.51 (0.56), 0.44 (0.65), 0.45 (0.59), 0.40 (0.61), 0.60 (0.70), and 0.55 (0.76), respectively. The proportion of eyes with an absolute refractive error of ±0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 diopters (D) for the Camellin-Calossi formula was 54.5%, 72.7%, 85.7%, 92.2%, 98.7%, and 100%, respectively. The cumulative distribution of the Camellin-Calossi formula showed the best qualitative performances when compared to the others. A statistically significant difference was identified with all of the others except the Haigis-L using a threshold of 0.25, with the Shammas, Modified Masket, and Barrett True-K at a threshold of 0.50 D and the Barrett True-K and Modified Masket at a threshold of 1.00 D.

Conclusions:

The Camellin-Calossi formula is a valid option for intraocular lens power calculation in eyes with prior myopic laser vision correction.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(3):e156–e163.]
Improving Cultural Humility Among Pediatric Patients With Complex Medical Needs
Authors: Tarver Kimberly M.
Published: March 2024

It is not possible for every physician and patient to originate from the exact same circumstances. Because of this impossibility, the dynamics between the patient, caregivers, and physician are extremely important to prevent mistrust, disputes, de-emphasizing the values of others, or miscommunication. Similar to how many diverse groups exist in society so, too, are there numerous factors for influencing how medical care is provided and received. Multiple studies demonstrate the inequalities of access and quality of health care in pediatric primary care as well as increased morbidity and mortality rates. This may be even more prevailing within racial and ethnic communities, which are often underserved populations. This article presents an evaluation of cultural humility and how the awareness of differing viewpoints, values, and norms can assist and improve the medical care of pediatric patients with chronic complex conditions.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2024;53(3):e88–e92.]
Evidence-Based Use of Bevacizumab in the Management of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Singh Rishi P. , Avery Robert L. , Barakat Mark R. , Kim Judy E. , Kiss Szilárd
Published: March 2024

Indicated for colorectal cancer for decades, bevacizumab has been widely used off label to treat retinal diseases, and the benefits of its use, specifically in neovascular age-related macular degeneration, have been demonstrated in multiple clinical trials. The intravitreal delivery of bevacizumab requires it to be aseptically repackaged into individual syringes by compounding pharmacies for use in the eye. Although the repackaging process is permitted by the US Food and Drug Administration, the resultant product does not meet the specific standards of products approved for use as ophthalmic injectables nor is the parenteral innovator solution compliant with ophthalmic standards. Studies have also demonstrated variability in the quality and quantity of repackaged bevacizumab. This narrative review summarizes the evidence and discusses the role of off-label bevacizumab in the treatment and management of retinal diseases, its mechanism of action, current challenges and provides a critical appraisal of current evidence, clinical implications, and future directions.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:155–162.]
Beyond the Hype
Authors: Kaur Jaskiran , Bhalla Pretty , Singh Sanjeet , Dutt Amit , Madaan Geetika
Published: March 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a highly disruptive innovation in the 21st century that has gotten a lot of attention from professionals and academicians. AI offers numerous, and previously unheard-of, prospects for significant enhancements and fundamental changes in a variety of industries. Amazing things like driverless vehicles, face recognition payment, guide robots, etc. are now possible because of disruptive technology. More specifically, AI energizes digital business, supports the creation of smart services, and encourages digital transformation. The favourable features of AI, however, are given a lot of attention, whereas the negative aspects of AI, particularly among academia, are little discussed. Given the significance and universality of AI, greater research is warranted to examine the considerable negative effects that AI has on people, organizations, and society. Given the paucity of study on AI's negative aspects, this chapter's goal is to shed light on the possible harm AI could do to society.
Unmasking the Shadows
Authors: Dwivedi Dwijendra Nath , Mahanty Ghanashyama
Published: March 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI), the ethical ramifications of its implementation have become a pressing concern. This chapter delves into the darker facets of AI deployment, examining cases where technology has been used in ways that defy established ethical norms. It identifies common patterns and motivations behind unethical AI applications through a comprehensive review of real-world instances. Additionally, the research underscores the potential societal consequences of these actions, emphasizing the importance of transparency, accountability, and ethical frameworks in AI development and deployment. This chapter serves as a clarion call for the AI community to prioritize ethics in every AI research and application phase, ensuring that the technology is harnessed for the greater good rather than misused in the shadows.
Humanizing Online Professional Development
Authors: Huffling Lacey D. , Freed Allison , Scott Heather C. , Benavides Aerin , Ward Jodie L.
Published: March 2024

Humanizing online professional development has become more important as schools, universities, and companies continue to shift to learning online. The purpose of the chapter is to chronicle the collaboration of four teacher educators' successes and failures in moving a two-hour face-to-face professional development to online (Real Science PD). The Real Science PD provided pedagogical methods to engage students in K-12 science standards by integrating online tools to examine local and global science issues for approximately 25 K-16 educators. The facilitators aligned the seven common features of effective PD with the principles of adult learning theory and humanizing pedagogy as they attempted to translate what they did face-to-face into an online setting. Findings indicated that humanizing online PD can be best understood with clear objectives, demonstration of relevance, opportunities for engagement, relevant classroom contexts, and by providing opportunities for participants to envision applying what they learned in their own classrooms.
Applying Culturally Responsive Strategies to Promote Engagement and Student Success in Online Courses
Authors: Williams Florence
Published: March 2024

This chapter explores the importance of integrating culturally responsive teaching (CRT) principles into online education to enhance student engagement and success. It discusses the challenges of implementing culturally responsive practices in online learning environments. It encourages educational practitioners (including instructors, instructional designers, managers, and administrators) to engage in detailed planning and structured facilitation and to involve students in the process. The narrative invites reflection as it reviews the foundational works of scholars in culturally responsive pedagogy and teaching practices and outlines a framework for creating inclusive and culturally affirming learning environments. The literature suggests ways for educators to strategically utilize technology to foster inclusivity in online learning environments.
The Role of Educators
Authors: Mathew Priya Mary
Published: March 2024

The role of educators in the 21st century has evolved in tandem with the rapid technological advancements that have reshaped our world. Education is no longer confined to traditional classrooms, and teachers must adapt to meet the changing needs and expectations of students. Embracing digital tools, fostering lifelong learning, and staying attuned to students' diverse interests and learning styles are essential for educators to remain effective and competitive. The willingness to embrace innovation and change is pivotal for educators to guide students towards a future where knowledge, adaptability, and critical thinking are key to success. This chapter explains what the changes in the role of a teacher are, and how the teaching methods and educational organizations have also evolved over centuries. The chapter also displays what kind of changes are to be made by teachers, supported by some real-time examples that the author has led in her two decades of academic experience. This chapter will be relevant to all teachers and academic leaders who want to update their academic ecosystem.
Is the Indian Education System Catering to the Diverse Needs of First Generation Students?
Authors: Wadhwa Rashim
Published: March 2024

Higher education campuses of India are now marked by the presence of a spectrum of diverse socioeconomic groups in terms of their caste, ethnic, class, linguistic, regional, and religious backgrounds who were earlier excluded from higher education due to various socio-economic and historical reasons and thereby changing the social composition of higher education institutions. Thus, the number of first-generation students who are now crossing the gates of higher education institutions is increasing in India with the massification of Indian higher education system. But the existing literature in the Indian context does not focus explicitly on first generation students. With this background, this chapter is guided by four research questions: (1) Who are first generation students? (2) What are the characteristics of first generation students in the Indian context? (3) What are the challenges and issues encountered by first-generation students? (4) Is the Indian Education system equipped to cater to the diverse needs of this marginalized section of the society?
Theoretical Impact of AI on Working Hours and Wage Rate
Authors: Jhaveri Saumya Ketan , Chauhan Anshika , Nizami Nausheen
Published: March 2024

This chapter assesses the correlation between AI expansion and its influence on diverse economic factors like labor supply, wage rates, and working hours. In the subsequent segment, the authors explore the connection between the utility function and the derived hours equation. Unlike the direct utility indicators of leisure and consumption, indirect utility functions are represented through income/wage rates or prices. These models and diagrams are developed by the authors to illustrate the correlation between income/consumption and its association with the balance between working hours and leisure hours. This chapter encompasses diverse models predicated on specific assumptions, contingent on market demand and supply scenarios.
Theories and Models in AIoT
Authors: Singha Surjit , Singha Ranjit
Published: March 2024

AIoT, or artificial intelligence of things, is a transformative combination of artificial intelligence and the internet of things (IoT) that has far-reaching ramifications across multiple domains. This chapter examines the theories and models underlying its development and implementation. Businesses can assess the costs, benefits, and competitive advantages of AIoT by using economic models and market dynamics. Understanding human behaviour and trust is crucial for user acceptance, while ethical considerations underpin the development of accountable AIoT applications. Data management, security, and interoperability are technical facets that architectural frameworks address. The alignment of AIoT with human needs is enhanced by cognitive models and user experience, thereby fostering well-being. Change management and organizational learning are essential for effective implementation, which fosters innovation. AIoT promotes innovation and efficiency in manufacturing, healthcare, and smart cities.
Techvolutionaries Navigating the Technological Frontier in Ndola
Authors: Mwale Mukonkola , Chiweshe Nigel
Published: March 2024

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is widely acknowledged to have significant implications for multiple sectors worldwide. This chapter provides insights from a study that aimed to investigate the usage of technology for business purposes and the level of awareness regarding the 4IR among business managers and entrepreneurs in Ndola, Zambia. In this chapter, the authors reveal that entrepreneurs and managers possess a substantial level of knowledge regarding the 4IR and demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of its implications for business. Moreover, they actively incorporate technological advancements into their business operations. The entrepreneurs and managers also possess the requisite resources inside their companies to facilitate the use of technology. The government's efforts in facilitating economic growth through technology adoption for businesses and disseminating information regarding the perceived advantages of the Fourth Industrial Revolution were perceived to be insufficient.
Startups Valuation in a Rapidly Evolving Entrepreneurial Landscape
Authors: Sharma Renuka , Mehta Kiran , Gupta Ridhima , Yu Poshan
Published: March 2024

In recent years, global innovation and entrepreneurship surged due to market dynamics, tech advancements, and a hunger for disruptive ventures. This led to more startups and expanded entrepreneurial finance. Startup valuation, tied to market sentiment, emphasizes sustainability and profitability, shaping investments, trajectories, and sustainability. It underpins funding, terms, and strategies recognized by policymakers for economic development. Big data, clean tech, mobile tech, and augmented reality consistently boosted valuations, reflecting a global trend for sustainability. Data-driven approaches reshape valuation methods. In the dynamic entrepreneurial landscape, startups drive growth and tech progress. Startup valuation is key to attracting investors, funding, and strategic planning. This review synthesizes research, offering a holistic view of startup valuation, and examining factors, methods, challenges, and trends. Valuable for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, it contributes to global startup ecosystem growth.
Can Snapdeal Sustain E-Commerce Market Challenges?
Authors: Virk Nirmaljeet , Khan Md. Chand Rashid
Published: March 2024

This case is structured around one of the popular e-commerce sites in India, Snapdeal. Since its inception in 2010, Snapdeal has witnessed a lot of peaks and valleys. This case sheds light on the trajectory of Snapdeal's business and also provides brief information on Indian customers in terms of internet usage patterns. This case also discusses some of the successful marketing campaigns undertaken by the company; some which invited unwanted controversies. At one point, the company was on the verge of being taken over by competitors. This case also examines the reasons which lead to discomfort among its investors. The case leaves the reader to explore the possible course of action that needs to be followed to sustain the business and ultimately overcome the challenges posed by its contemporaries and the current market conditions.
Mechanisms of Biosorption
Authors: Dutta Rakesh , Dutta Jayashri
Published: March 2024

Biosorption is the method to remove heavy metals from the ecosystem, and it has replaced the use of other physical and chemical methods that are used for removal of heavy metals. The main cause of heavy metal pollution is industrialization. The industrial waste that contains heavy metal leads to pollution in aquatic life systems. It is also poisonous to humans and other animals. The major highlight of this chapter will be the mechanism of various biosorption processes with the help of different biosorbents such as several micro-organisms, non-living biomass, and some herbal plants. It is eco-friendlier as well as cost effective. Nowadays, vegetable waste and fruit peels are also used as biosorbants for the removal of heavy metals.
Factors Affecting Biosorption Efficiency
Authors: Subburaj Sudha , Lakshmi Kanthan Bharathi A.
Published: March 2024

Biosorption, an eco-friendly, cost-effective method for removing heavy metal pollutants from the environment, gained great attention. This utilizes biological sources such as microbial and agricultural biomass for the removal of heavy metals and other hazardous materials from industrial effluents and other wastes that directly come into the environment. The efficiency is influenced by factors such as temperature, pH, biomass concentration, initial ion concentration, contact time, agitation rate, type of biosorbent, competing ions. The source of biosorbents ranges from microbial sources to plant biomass following different mechanisms. In this chapter, the influencing factors are examined widely, and it spotlights optimization by modifying the parameters. The outcomes hold implications for designing an effluent removal process with the right process factors for maximum efficiency. The findings provided give valuable insight to the researchers, industrial experts, students, policy makers, and academicians who are seeking sustainable solutions to reduce heavy metal pollution.
Various Biosorbents and Their Mechanisms for the Removal of Heavy Metals From Wastewater
Authors: Changmai Indranee
Published: March 2024

Heavy metals are threatening to human health as they are arduous to remove from water bodies. Many technologies like photocatalysis, reverse osmosis, precipitation, and adsorption are used to get rid of those heavy metals from water. Among all these methods, adsorption is one of the most efficient methods to remove those heavy metals. In this chapter, the adsorption of heavy metals by dead biomass like algae, fungi, bacteria, and other biomass from waste will be discussed elaborately. The mechanisms of adsorption by these biomasses will be discussed, and the factors affecting their adsorption efficiencies are also included. The newest approach and emerging techniques are also considered. The future aspects and limitations are also considered.
Biogenic Sorption
Authors: Palanisamy Periasamy , Kumaresan M. , Maheswaran M.
Published: March 2024

The treatment of heavy-metal-bearing wastewaters is a critical environmental challenge, as access to clean drinking water becomes increasingly difficult due to pollution and rising water treatment costs. Traditional adsorbents derived from fossil fuels are not sustainable and can contribute to secondary pollution. To address this issue, researchers have turned to biogenic sorbents made from modern biomass as a promising alternative. These biosorbents utilize biological waste materials that would otherwise contaminate water systems, promoting a circular economy and sustainable water treatment practices. This chapter explores the potential of biogenic sorbents for water decontamination, focusing on their use in the removal of heavy metals from contaminated waters. Further, this chapter delves into the preparation methods, adsorbent types, adsorption mechanisms, and regeneration techniques employed with these biosorbents.