bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indicators of nutritional risk in hospital inpatients: a narrative review
Authors: Yaxley Alison , Knowles Reegan K. , Doeltgen Sebastian H. , Chamberlain Diane J. , Damarell Raechel A. , Miller Michelle D.
Published: December 2021

Malnutrition is common in the acute care setting. Despite the existence of a plethora of screening tools, many malnourished patients remain undiagnosed and untreated, in part due to competing responsibilities for screening staff, under- or over-referral to dietetics services, and inadequate dietetics resources. Better identification of patients at risk of malnutrition would enable optimised care provision and streamlined care pathways. This narrative review of reviews aimed to collate and synthesise literature documenting nutritional risk factors in adult hospital inpatients, to generate a comprehensive list of nutritional risk indicators from high methodological quality review articles. Six electronic databases were searched (Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Joanna Briggs Institute Database, Embase and Scopus) using a systematic search strategy. Three researchers screened the resulting 5889 citations, identifying 59 reviews summarising original studies that investigated associations between indicators and measures of malnutrition, undernutrition or nutritional risk. After quality appraisal by two researchers, using the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist for Review Articles, seven reviews were classified as high quality, identifying fifty-seven unique indicators of nutritional risk (disease status/condition – twenty-three; eating/appetite/digestion – twelve; type of diet – five; cognition/psychology/social factors – five; medication-related – two; miscellaneous – ten). This is the first comprehensive list of nutritional risk factors in adult hospital inpatients, derived from only the highest methodological quality reviews. This list contributes to the development of practice and evidence-informed systems-level approaches to the identification of nutritional risk in the acute care setting.
Anthropologists as Experts: Cultural Expertise, Colonialism, and Positionality
Authors: Holden Livia
Published: December 2021

This article addresses the positionality of anthropologists and the impact of anthropological theories in cultural expertise with the help of three case studies that highlight the engagement of anthropologists with law and governance during colonialism and in the wake of it: a well-known case of witchcraft in Kenya, Volkekunde theories in Africa, and the Rwandan genocide. The article starts with a short genesis of the concept of cultural expertise and its cognate concepts of culturally motivated crimes and cultural defense, to introduce the main question of this article: What can we learn from the use of cultural expertise in the colonial past? Today, as much as in the colonial past, anthropologists have been torn between action and abstention. The article’s three case studies show that neither action nor abstention is free from ethical responsibility. This article argues that the concept of procedural neutrality and its reformulation in the form of critical affirmation help anthropologists to carve out an independent role for themselves in the legal process. Procedural neutrality and its reformulation as critical affirmation make it possible to comply with the ethics and deontologies of the disciplines across which anthropologists operate when providing cultural expertise.
A calibration and imaging strategy at 300 MHz with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA)
Authors: Cook Jaiden H. , Seymour Nicholas , Sokolowski Marcin
Published: December 2021

At relatively high frequencies, highly sensitive grating sidelobes occur in the primary beam patterns of low frequency aperture arrays (LFAA) such as the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). This occurs when the observing wavelength becomes comparable to the dipole separation for LFAA tiles, which for the MWA occurs at${\sim}300$MHz. The presence of these grating sidelobes has made calibration and image processing for 300 MHz MWA observations difficult. This work presents a new calibration and imaging strategy which employs existing techniques to process two example 300 MHz MWA observations. Observations are initially calibrated using a new 300 MHz sky-model which has been interpolated from low frequency and high frequency all-sky surveys. Using this 300 MHz model in conjunction with the accurate MWA tile primary beam model, we perform sky-model calibration for the two example observations. After initial calibration a self-calibration loop is performed by all-sky imaging each observation. We mask the main lobe of the all-sky image, and perform a sky-subtraction by estimating the masked image visibilities. We then image the main lobe of the sky-subtracted visibilities, which results in high dynamic range images of the two example observations. These images have been convolved with a Gaussian to a resolution of$2.4$arcminutes, with a maximum sensitivity of${{\sim}}31\,\textrm{mJy/beam}$. The calibration and imaging strategy demonstrated in this work opens the door to performing science at 300 MHz with the MWA, which was previously an inaccessible domain. With this paper we release the code described below and the cross-matched catalogue along with the code to produce a sky-model in the range 70–1 400 MHz.
Advance care planning among African Americans: A review and synthesis of theory application
Authors: Kimpel Christine Cleary , Walden Rachel Lane , Maxwell Cathy
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Theoretical and conceptual frameworks are often underutilized in research, which may diminish understanding of the phenomena and contribute to the under-development of interventions. The topic of low/disparate rates of Advance Care Planning (ACP) among African Americans has been researched extensively; however, the use of theoretical and/or conceptual frameworks has not been reported. The purpose of this review is to describe theoretical and/or conceptual frameworks utilized in studies that investigated factors affecting perceptions of ACP or ACP rates among African Americans.

Methods

Utilizing a narrative, literature review process, themes were generated, applied, and described with frequencies across broad categories of study characteristics, framework categories and key constructs, mode of framework application, and quality of framework reporting.

Results

Four main types of frameworks were found with behavioral frameworks dominating the collection of studies. Complex, systems theoretical frameworks were less common. Framework use and reporting quality findings are described.

Significance of results

The problem of disparate rates of ACP among African Americans is nuanced and varied, stemming from both internal (e.g., personal, behavioral) and external factors (e.g., living conditions). While important and necessary to focus on internal, psychological factors, it is also vital to incorporate systems’ theories such as the Cumulative Disadvantage Theory to better understand and demonstrate inherent complexities. Recommendations for framework use are discussed for research and clinical application. Incorporating complexity science approaches and multi-systems theories may support multi-level modeling needed to understand this problem and reduce ACP disparities in this population.
Radio Frequency Emissions From Streamer Collisions in Subbreakdown Fields
Authors: Koile Jacob , Liu Ningyu , Dwyer Joseph
Published: December 2021

Lightning emits short wavelength radio waves from the very high frequency (VHF, 30–300 MHz) to ultrahigh‐frequency (UHF, 0.3–3 GHz) range. A lightning subprocess that has recently been shown to emit in this frequency range is streamer collisions. In this work, we report a modeling study of streamers colliding in ambient electric fields ranging from subbreakdown to overbreakdown values. The streamers are initiated from isolated hydrometeors similar in size to those typically seen in thunderstorms. In every case presented, the collision produces emissions extending into the UHF range. The emission spectrum from the subbreakdown ambient field cases falls off faster as frequency increases compared with the overbreakdown cases. It appears that the length of the streamers upon colliding, under the same ambient field, has a negligible effect on the shape of the spectrum. The results are important for interpreting observations of lightning processes that involve streamer collisions.
An Atmospheric Bridge Between the Subpolar and Tropical Atlantic Regions: A Perplexing Asymmetric Teleconnection
Authors: Baek Seung H. , Kushnir Yochanan , Robinson Walter A. , Lora Juan M. , Lee Dong Eun , Ting Mingfang
Published: December 2021

The largest sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) occur over the Atlantic subpolar gyre, yet it is the tropical Atlantic from where the global impacts of AMV originate. Processes that communicate SST change from the subpolar Atlantic gyre to the tropical North Atlantic thus comprise a crucial mechanism of AMV. Here we use idealized model experiments to show that such communication is accomplished by an “atmospheric bridge.” Our results demonstrate an unexpected asymmetry: the atmosphere is effective in communicating cold subpolar SSTs to the north tropical Atlantic, via an immediate extratropical atmospheric circulation change that invokes slower wind‐driven evaporative cooling along the Eastern Atlantic Basin and into the tropics. Warm subpolar SST anomalies do not elicit a robust tropical Atlantic response. Our results highlight a key dynamical feature of AMV for which warm and cold phases are not opposites.
Warming and Increased Respiration Have Transformed an Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau From a Carbon Dioxide Sink Into a Source
Authors: Yun Hanbo , Tang Jing , D’Imperio Ludovica , Wang Xiaobo , Qu Yang , Liu Licheng , Zhuang Qianlai , Zhang Wenxin , Wu Qingbai , Chen Anping , Zhu Qing , Chen Deliang , Elberling Bo
Published: December 2021

Cold region ecosystems store vast amounts of soil organic carbon (C), which upon warming and decomposition can affect the C balance and potentially change these ecosystems from C sinks to carbon dioxide (CO2) sources. We quantified the decadal year‐round CO2 flux from an alpine steppe‐ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau using eddy covariance and automatic chamber approaches during a period of significant warming (0.13°C per 10 years; and 0.18°C in the non‐growing season alone: 1st October to next 30th April). The results showed that ongoing climate change, mainly warming within the topsoil layers, is the main reason for the site’s change from a sink for to a source of CO2 in the atmosphere. Non‐growing‐season ecosystem respiration accounted for 51% of the annual ecosystem respiration and has increased significantly. The growing seasons (1st May to 30th September) were consistent CO2 sink periods without significant changes over the study period. Observations revealed high‐emission events from the end of the non‐growing season to early in the growing season (1st March to fifteenth May), which significantly (p < 0.01) increased at a rate of 22.6 g C m−2 decade−1, ranging from 14.6 ± 10.7 g C m−2 yr−1 in 2012 to 35.3 ± 12.1 g C m−2 yr−1 in 2017. Structural equation modeling suggested that active layer warming was the key factor in explaining changes in ecosystem respiration, leading to significant changes in net ecosystem exchange over the period 2011–2020 and indicated that these changes have already transformed the ecosystem from a CO2 sink into a source. These results can be used to improve our understanding of the sensitivity of ecosystem respiration to increased warming during the non‐growing period.
Experimental critical quantum metrology with the Heisenberg scaling
Authors: Liu Ran , Chen Yu , Jiang Min , Yang Xiaodong , Wu Ze , Li Yuchen , Yuan Haidong , Peng Xinhua , Du Jiangfeng
Published: December 2021

Critical quantum metrology, which exploits quantum critical systems as probes to estimate a physical parameter, has gained increasing attention recently. However, the critical quantum metrology with a continuous quantum phase transition (QPT) is experimentally challenging since a continuous QPT only occurs at the thermodynamic limit. Here, we propose an adiabatic scheme on a perturbed Ising spin model with a first-order QPT. By introducing a small transverse magnetic field, we can not only encode an unknown parameter in the ground state but also tune the energy gap to control the evolution time of the adiabatic passage. Moreover, we experimentally implement the critical quantum metrology scheme using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques and show that at the critical point the precision achieves the Heisenberg scaling as 1/T. As a theoretical proposal and experimental implementation of the adiabatic scheme of critical quantum metrology and its advantages of easy implementation, inherent robustness against decays and tunable energy gap, our adiabatic scheme is promising for exploring potential applications of critical quantum metrology on various physical systems.
Verification of flow velocity measurements using micrometer-order thermometers
Authors: Takegawa Naoki , Ishibashi Masahiro , Iwai Aya , Furuichi Noriyuki , Morioka Toshihiro
Published: December 2021

In flow velocity measurements, resolution, miniaturization, and accuracy of measuring devices are important issues because the measuring devices significantly affect the flow in the micro-space, sonic flow, and turbulent flow. We studied recovery temperature anemometry (RTA) using micrometer-order thermometers and evaluated its validity in two velocity ranges (40–90 and 315–420 m/s) by conducting two experiments and a numerical simulation. The results confirmed that the difference between the reference velocity and RTA was within 5% in the velocity range 60–90 m/s for both the thermocouple and platinum thermometer given the same recovery temperature coefficient of 0.83. It is a valuable finding that velocity measurement by RTA is independent of the type of thermometer used. This suggests that the accuracy of about 5% can be guaranteed even without calibration by giving the recovery temperature coefficient according to the thermometer geometry, which is an excellent advantage not found in other anemometers. Furthermore, the supersonic flow measured using RTA agrees well with the simulation results and theoretical trends. Our findings ensure that the micrometer-order point measurement of flow velocity, which is difficult with existing anemometers, using RTA is possible over a wide range of flow velocities.
Effect of carbon nanotubes loading and pressure on the performance of a polyethersulfone (PES)/carbon nanotubes (CNT) membrane
Authors: Ngoma Mlungisi Martin , Mathaba Machodi , Moothi Kapil
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on modifying a PES membrane with acid-functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNT) for industrial wastewater treatment. Embedding acid functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within the membrane matrix would increase the membrane flux by increasing the membrane pore size and surface area, rejection and thermal stability. Pure PES membranes were prepared by phase inversion method and infused with CNTs at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt% loading to fabricate PES/2.5 wt% CNT, PES/5 wt% CNT, PES/7.5 wt% CNT and PES/10 wt% CNT membranes respectively. Characterisation was performed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to determine CNT morphology, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the functional groups attached to CNTs, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) to determine the thermal stability of the membranes, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to determine membrane morphology, Bunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method to obtain pore size information and Contact Angle (CA) to determine the membrane hydrophilicity. Membrane performance was then evaluated with a dead-end stirred cell using industrial wastewater containing traces of Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Cl. Permeate flux results showed a direct proportion relationship with increasing CNT loading and increasing pressure (100 kPa, 300 kPa, 500 kPa, 700 kPa, 900 kPa and 1100 kPa). PES/5 wt% CNT membrane showed the most enhanced performance compared to the other membranes, achieving reasonably high flux of 43.7 L/m2h and rejection of 89.6% Cu, 100% Fe, 90.5% Ni, 68.8% Zn and 99.99% Cl at 300 kPa. The results obtained showed that the PES membrane embedded with functionalised CNTs could be used for the treatment of industrial wastewater.
Experimental study on crack characteristics and acoustic emission characteristics in rock-like material with pre-existing cracks
Authors: Pan Ji-Shun , Yuan Shuang-Xi , Jiang Tong , Cui Cheng-Hao
Published: December 2021

Grain size composition, crack pattern, and crack length have a significant influence on the crack characteristics, mechanical characteristics, and acoustic emission characteristics of rock masses. In this paper, the crack characteristics, mechanical characteristics, and acoustic emission characteristics of rock masses with different grain size compositions, different crack patterns, and different crack lengths were investigated under uniaxial compression. The rock masses were made of rock-like materials. The crack initiation locations and crack propagation directions were different for a specimen comprised of one grain size range compared with specimens comprised of two or three grain size ranges. The specimens comprised of one and three grain size ranges crack progressively. The specimen comprised of two-grain size ranges brittle fracture. The highest peak axial load was found in the specimens comprised of one grain size range. The results showed that tensile wing crack, anti-tensile wing crack, transverse shear crack, compression induced tensile crack, and surface spalling were produced in specimens with different crack orientations. The rock mass with 2 cm long crack started to produce cracks from the tip of the crack extending to the top and bottom surface, soon forming through cracks. The rock was brittle fracture. The axial load reached the maximum and then fell rapidly. The acoustic emission energy reached a rapid maximum and then decreased rapidly. The rock mass with 3 cm long fissures started to produce cracks that only extended from the tip of the fissures to the top surface but not to the bottom surface. The rock mass was progressively fractured. The axial load was progressively decreasing. The acoustic emission energy also rose and fell rapidly several times as the rock mass was progressively fractured. Different rock crack lengths led to different crack processes and crack patterns, resulting in very different acoustic emission characteristics.
Influence of selected factors on the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes phyla and the Lactobacillaceae family in the digestive tract of sheep
Authors: Cholewińska Paulina , Wołoszyńska Magdalena , Michalak Marta , Czyż Katarzyna , Rant Witold , Smoliński Jakub , Wyrostek Anna , Wojnarowski Konrad
Published: December 2021

In this study, we used 10 healthy sheep, which gave birth to healthy twins. Stool samples were collected from mothers and their offspring 3 times during the study (0, 28 and 56 day postpartum). Milk samples were taken from the mothers at the same time. RT PCR analysis of faeces and milk was performed in order to assess the level of bacteria from the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla including the family Lactobacillaceae (phylum Firmicutes). The composition of mother's milk was also analyzed and their BCS. The data were compiled statistically. The obtained results showed that the level of the studied groups of bacteria may change due to the change of diet. Additionally, there were significant differences between lambs and mothers in the levels of the studied groups of bacteria. Analysis also shown that in the digestive system of mothers was a smaller disproportion in the level of the studied bacterial phyla than in lambs. The results also indicated the occurrence of differences in the bacterial composition at the individual level, both in ewes and their offspring. Additionally, in the conducted experiment, there were differences in the level of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes groups depending on the sex.
Identification of flux trade-offs in metabolic networks
Authors: Hashemi Seirana , Razaghi-Moghadam Zahra , Nikoloski Zoran
Published: December 2021

Trade-offs are inherent to biochemical networks governing diverse cellular functions, from gene expression to metabolism. Yet, trade-offs between fluxes of biochemical reactions in a metabolic network have not been formally studied. Here, we introduce the concept of absolute flux trade-offs and devise a constraint-based approach, termed FluTO, to identify and enumerate flux trade-offs in a given genome-scale metabolic network. By employing the metabolic networks of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we demonstrate that the flux trade-offs are specific to carbon sources provided but that reactions involved in the cofactor and prosthetic group biosynthesis are present in trade-offs across all carbon sources supporting growth. We also show that absolute flux trade-offs depend on the biomass reaction used to model the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana under different carbon and nitrogen conditions. The identified flux trade-offs reflect the tight coupling between nitrogen, carbon, and sulphur metabolisms in leaves of C3 plants. Altogether, FluTO provides the means to explore the space of alternative metabolic routes reflecting the constraints imposed by inherent flux trade-offs in large-scale metabolic networks.
Spatiotemporal characteristic of Biantun toponymical landscape for the evolution of Biantun culture in Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhao Fei , Cai Jingzhi , Zhang Chen , Luan Guize , Fu Yao , Xie Zhiqiang
Published: December 2021

The geographical environment of Yunnan Province in China and Han migration during the Ming Dynasty contributed to the development of the Biantun culture. Biantun toponyms (BTT) record the integration process between the Central Plains and native Yunnan cultures. The GIS analysis method of toponyms was used in this study to reproduce the settlement characteristics of BTT and the spatial development of the Biantun culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, we have developed a toponymical landscape index to represent the degree of spatial integration between the BTT and ethnic minority toponyms in Yunnan and explore the spatial characteristics of the integration of Han immigrants and local ethnic minorities. The results show that the spatial distribution of the BTT is consistent with the sites selection of the Tuntian (屯田) in Yunnan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the centroids of BTT spread to outskirts and intermontane area from central towns. In the Dali, Kunming, Qujing and other regions, the distribution characteristics of the integrated of BTT and ethnic minority toponyms reflect a higher degree of Sinicization in the central urban areas. Exploring the evolution of Biantun cultural development through the spatial characteristics of toponymical landscapes can help adjust policies for the development and protection of Biantun cultural resources.
Diagnostic and prognostic role of nitroglycerin-induced dilation in patients with suspected vasospastic angina, combined with ergonovine provocation test
Authors: Kim Minsu , Jang Albert Youngwoo , Oh Pyung Chun , Suh Soon Yong , Lee Kyounghoon , Kang Woong Chol , Ahn Taehoon , Han Seung Hwan
Published: December 2021

The diagnostic and prognostic role of nitroglycerin-induced dilation (NID) combined with ergonovine provocation test in patients with suspected VSA patients is not clear. A total of 438 consecutive patients who underwent the ergonovine provocation test for the diagnosis of vasospastic angina (VSA) were enrolled. Patients with VSA (n = 52) had a significantly greater coronary response to ergonovine (− 84.3 ± 10.5% vs. − 38.4 ± 17.9%, p < 0.001) and NID (26.3 ± 31.0% vs. 12.5 ± 19.0%, p < 0.001) than non-VSA patients. However, positive NID (more than 13.8% dilation, n = 170) showed a poor accuracy (AUC 0.64 [95% CI: 0.56–0.73], p = 0.001, sensitivity 60.4%, specificity 61.3%) for the diagnosis of VSA by ergonovine provocation test. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred more frequently in the VSA group than in the non-VSA group (9.6% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.006). In addition, the positive NID group showed a lower rate of MACE than the negative NID group (1.2% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.021). Interestingly, the group of VSA with negative NID had poor prognosis than any other combinations (Log-rank, p < 0.0001). Although NID had a limited role in the detection of VSA defined by ergonovine provocation test, NID combined with the ergonovine provocation test has an additive prognostic role in the clinical outcomes in patients with suspected VSA.
Towards organoid culture without Matrigel
Authors: Kozlowski Mark T. , Crook Christiana J. , Ku Hsun Teresa
Published: December 2021

Organoids—cellular aggregates derived from stem or progenitor cells that recapitulate organ function in miniature—are of growing interest in developmental biology and medicine. Organoids have been developed for organs and tissues such as the liver, gut, brain, and pancreas; they are used as organ surrogates to study a wide range of questions in basic and developmental biology, genetic disorders, and therapies. However, many organoids reported to date have been cultured in Matrigel, which is prepared from the secretion of Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma cells; Matrigel is complex and poorly defined. This complexity makes it difficult to elucidate Matrigel-specific factors governing organoid development. In this review, we discuss promising Matrigel-free methods for the generation and maintenance of organoids that use decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM), synthetic hydrogels, or gel-forming recombinant proteins.
The continuum of carbon–hydrogen (C–H) activation mechanisms and terminology
Authors: Altus Kristof M. , Love Jennifer A.
Published: December 2021

As a rapidly growing field across all areas of chemistry, C-H activation/functionalisation is being used to access a wide range of important molecular targets. Of particular interest is the development of a sustainable methodology for alkane functionalisation as a means for reducing hydrocarbon emissions. This Perspective aims to give an outline to the community with respect to commonly used terminology in C-H activation, as well as the mechanisms that are currently understood to operate for (cyclo)alkane activation/functionalisation.
Rapid identification of bacterial mixtures in urine using MALDI-TOF MS-based algorithm profiling coupled with magnetic enrichment
Authors: Cheng Wenmin , Shi Haimei , Teng Mengjing , Yu Menghuan , Feng Bin , Ding Chuanfan , Yu Shaoning , Yang Fan
Published: December 2021

MALDI-TOF MS-based algorithm profiling coupled with magnetic enrichment was employed as a new strategy for the identification of bacterial mixtures in urine and the whole procedure can be completed within 30 min.
Use of modulators and light to control crystallisation of a hydrogen bonded framework
Authors: Muang-Non Phonlakrit , Toop Hamish D. , Doonan Christian J. , White Nicholas G.
Published: December 2021

Modulators, light and solvent are used to control the crystal size of a hydrogen bonded framework.
Multiple stimuli triggered structural isomerization of copper iodide–pyridine crystals
Authors: Han Quanxiang , Ye Xin , Zheng Xiaoxin , Guo Qing , Lin Qinglian , Li Cuicui , Jiang Jinke , Liu Yang , Tao Xutang
Published: December 2021

Structural isomerization of copper iodide–pyridine crystals under multiple stimuli was monitored, revealing a three-step dissociation–reorganization mechanism.
Clustering of metal dopants in defect sites of graphene-based materials
Authors: Lambie Stephanie , Steenbergen Krista G. , Gaston Nicola , Paulus Beate
Published: December 2021

Selected defect sites in graphene thermodynamically favour single atom doping over clustering, when doped with noble and p-block elements.
Sub-layer rationale of anomalous layer-shrinkage from atomistic simulations of a fluorinated mesogen
Authors: Poll Kristian , Sims Mark T.
Published: December 2021

Nanosegregating units are thought to promote de Vries behaviour, but simulations show consistency between mesogens with and without such units.
Tuning the switching pressure in square lattice coordination networks by metal cation substitution
Authors: Wang Shi-Qiang , Darwish Shaza , Sensharma Debobroto , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: December 2021

Coordination networks that undergo guest-induced switching between nonporous and porous phases are of increasing interest as the resulting stepped sorption isotherms can offer exceptional working capacities for gas storage applications.
In situ formation of a near-infrared controlled dual-antibacterial platform
Authors: Ni Zhuoyao , Hu Jiajie , Zhu Hui , Shang Yazhuo , Chen Daijie , Chen Yinghong , Liu Honglai
Published: December 2021

An in situ formed antibacterial platform was designed for near-infrared controlled pharmacotherapy and photothermal therapy of drug-resistant bacteria.
Head-to-tail cyclization for the synthesis of naturally occurring cyclic peptides on organophosphorus small-molecular supports
Authors: Li Haidi , Li Junyou , Chao Jie , Zhang Zixin , Qin Chuanguang
Published: December 2021

4,4′-bis(diphenylphosphinyloxyl) diphenyl ketoxime and 4-diphenyl phospholoxy benzyl alcohol were designed and prepared as supports for peptide synthesis. The total synthesis of cyclic peptides in a resin-free manner was successfully demonstrated.
Unexpected reactivity related to support effects during xylose hydrogenation over ruthenium catalysts
Authors: Vilcocq Léa , Paez Ana , Freitas Victoria D. S. , Veyre Laurent , Fongarland Pascal , Philippe Régis
Published: December 2021

Xylose was hydrogenated over Ru on two different supports.
Increased Donnan exclusion in charged polymer networks at high salt concentrations
Authors: Gao Kevin W. , Yu Xiaopeng , Darling Robert M. , Newman John , Balsara Nitash P.
Published: December 2021

A new set of equations describing Donnan equilibrium predicts that increased Donnan exclusion in charged polymer networks can occur at high salt concentrations.
A high-performance PDMS-based triboelectric nanogenerator fabricated using surface-modified carbon nanotubes via pulsed laser ablation
Authors: Lee Kangpyo , Mhin Sungwook , Han HyukSu , Kwon Ohyung , Kim Woo-Byoung , Song Taeseup , Kang Sukhyun , Kim Kang Min
Published: December 2021

The triboelectric performance of the SMC-PDMS-based TENG was improved by enhancing the capacitance of the device owing to the synergistic effect of the superior dispersion degree and permittivity of the SMCs.
Heteroatom-doped nanomaterials/core–shell nanostructure based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Nagappan Saravanan , Duraivel Malarkodi , Hira Shamim Ahmed , Prabakar Kandasamy , Ha Chang-Sik , Joo Sang Hoon , Nam Ki Min , Park Kang Hyun
Published: December 2021

This review describes the heteroatom-doped core–shell nanostructures (HCSNs) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We also cover di-, tri-, and multi-doped HCSNs for the ORR and reactive descriptors used for enhancing the ORR activity.
Visible-light-induced bactericidal properties of a novel thiophene-based linear conjugated polymer/TiO2 heterojunction
Authors: Du Juan , Liu Renming , Zhu Enwei , Guo Haiyong , Li Zhiyi , Liu Chunbo , Che Guangbo
Published: December 2021

After 45 min irradiation with white light, 100% of S. aureus cells were dead at a 2 mg mL−1 concentration of 30% PTCD/TiO2. In addition to e− and h+, generated ROS could destroy the cell walls, resulting in the leakage of intracellular components and the death of the cells.
Fluorinated dibenzo[a,c]-phenazine-based green to red thermally activated delayed fluorescent OLED emitters
Authors: Hong Gloria , Si Changfeng , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Bizzarri Claudia , Nieger Martin , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Zysman-Colman Eli , Bräse Stefan
Published: December 2021

Fluorinated dibenzo[a,c]-phenazine-based green to red thermally activated delayed fluorescent OLED emitters are accessible through judicious choice of donor.
Supporting Communication Between Individuals With Disabilities and First Responders: A Preliminary Case-Based Interview Study
Authors: DePew Savanah C. , Thistle Jennifer J.
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

During a crisis, an individual with a communication disability or difference is at risk of communication breakdowns that could unintentionally escalate the crisis. The goal of this preliminary study was to identify how first responders from various organizations may respond given scenarios presenting potential interactions with an individual with a communication impairment or difference.

Method:

Three adult participants currently serving as first responders completed semistructured interviews. Participants were asked how they would react in different hypothetical scenarios, all incorporating aspects of communication disorders and differences that could be misinterpreted. Data analysis consisted of transcribing the responses to each scenario and identifying the themes.

Results:

Participants across organizations receive general communication and disability training, rely on established procedures, problem-solving, open-mindedness, and use of departmental resources in their interactions.

Conclusions:

This preliminary study illustrates awareness of existing protocols and organizational supports that may support interactions with individuals with communication disorders and differences. Potential areas for additional resources and training include the use of augmentative and alternative communication and disability-specific education.
Mitigation of the mutual dynamic interactions between a direct‐current fast charging station and its host distribution grid
Authors: Mahfouz Mostafa M. , Iravani Reza
Published: December 2021

The fast and intermittent power changes in a direct‐current fast charging (DCFC) station impose adverse dynamic impacts on the station's host grid, particularly a weak AC distribution grid. This paper (i) investigates the impacts of the electric vehicle (EV) conventional DCFC station on its host distribution power system, and (ii) shows that the station can be enhanced by a battery energy storage system and an appropriate control strategy to mitigate the mutual dynamic interactions between the station and its host grid. The enhanced DCFC station is based on a variable‐voltage, common DC‐bus architecture which masks the station's internal dynamics, including rapid and intermittent EV charging processes, from the grid. Thus, it can be interfaced to a host grid, regardless of short‐circuit level, X/R ratio, and power capacity. The focus is also on the dynamic immunity of the DCFC facility to potential disturbances in its host weak‐grid. The reported studies are based on detailed time‐domain simulation of two DCFC stations in the PLECS software platform.
Designing a low frequency oscillation stabiliser for wind turbine type‐4 based on the phase compensation method
Authors: Peng Jili , Jia Qi , Zhai Wenchao , Zhang Qiang , Yan Gangui
Published: December 2021

A stabiliser is designed based on the phase compensation method to suppress the instability of wind‐turbine type‐4 in the low frequency mode [direct current voltage loop mode and phase‐locked loop mode]. Referring to the second‐order equation of synchronous generator rotor motion, the authors simplify and reconstruct the full‐order linearised model of wind‐turbine type‐4 and establish a current source damping torque model suitable for analysing the stability of the direct current voltage loop and phase‐locked loop. By analysing the damping phase of the direct current voltage loop and phase‐locked loop, introducing a phase compensation loop, and adjusting the phase and amplitude of the damping transfer loop, the authors could effectively enhance the damping of the direct current voltage loop and the phase‐locked loop and suppress the low frequency oscillation of wind‐turbine type‐4. The stabiliser is introduced into the linear model and the time domain simulation model. The effectiveness of the stabilisers is verified by the eigenvalue analysis and time domain simulation results.
Circuit design for clique problem and its implementation on quantum computer
Authors: Sanyal Bhaduri Arpita , Saha Amit , Saha Banani , Chakrabarti Amlan
Published: December 2021

Finding cliques in a graph has a wide range of applications due to its pattern matching ability. The k‐clique problem, a subset of the clique problem, determines whether or not an arbitrary network has a clique of size k. Modern‐day applications include a variation of the k‐clique problem that lists all cliques of size k. However, the quantum implementation of such a variation of the k‐clique problem has not been addressed yet. In this work, apart from the theoretical solution of such a k‐clique problem, practical quantum‐gate‐based implementation has been addressed using Grover's algorithm. In a classical‐quantum hybrid architecture, this approach is extended to build the circuit for the maximum clique problem. Our technique is generalised since the program automatically builds the circuit for any given undirected and unweighted graph and any chosen k. For a small k with regard to a big graph, the proposed solution to addressing the k‐clique issue has shown a reduction in qubit cost and circuit depth when compared to the state‐of‐the‐art approach. A framework is also presented for mapping the automated generated circuit for clique problems to quantum devices. Using IBM's Qiskit, an analysis of the experimental results is demonstrated.
The performance of implementation movement restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic in West Sumatra and its impact
Authors: Purnawan  , Heru Efendi
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak is currently spreading to all regions of Indonesia. This virus was suspected to spread from Wuhan at the end of December 2019. Restrictions on people’s movements are one of the government policies that aim to reduce the spread of COVID-19. To find out the performance of government policy, a study on the implementation of restrictions policy to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in West Sumatra has been conducted. This study used the before-after method as data analysis, then the data was examined using the Chi-Square test. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the movement of people after the implementation of restrictions movement policy was decreased significantly. The decrease in the need to leave the house was average 57.7%, frequency leaving the house more than 5 times decreased by 80%. Time of leaving the houses in the day, in the afternoon and at night decreased more than 50%, the use of vehicle modes decreased by 14.9% and the number of people traveling outside the house decreased by 23.2%. The performance of restrictions on people’s movement policy in West Sumatra was still not optimal, because many people did not know the detail of policies.
Forecast of COVID-19 cemetery land needs with system dynamics modeling
Authors: Prakoso Bondan , Ketut Kerta Widana I Dewa , Pramono Rudy , Bangun Ernalem , Surya Islami Hafizh
Published: December 2021

As of June 30, 2021, Indonesia ranks third in Asia with the highest number of deaths due to COVID-19. One of the provinces in Indonesia, Central Java, is ranked third nationally in the accumulation of positive cases, recoveries, and deaths. Fulfilling the need for burial grounds for COVID-19 positive bodies needs attention because several countries and regions in Indonesia were experiencing a COVID-19 public cemetery land crisis. Sragen Regency is one area in Central Java designated as a red zone. The number of death cases is relatively high needs to ensure the availability of COVID-19 burial grounds. Therefore, this study aims to model the forecast for COVID-19 burial grounds. The approach used in this research is systems thinking, while the method used is system dynamics with Powersim software. Reference data for modeling is obtained from the http://corona.sragenkab.go.id page. The simulation results show the AME value of 4.7% or less than 5% so that the model is declared valid. Based on the Business as Usual (BAU) simulation, in the 20th week, it is estimated that there will be 320 deaths with a burial area of 961.13 m². Until the 20th week, the increase in COVID-19 Positive Population, Death, and Cemetery Land Needs on the graph of the BAU simulation results shows an exponential growth trend.
Risk analysis of production process for food SMEs using FMEA method: a case study
Authors: Fithri Prima , Rafi Muhammad , Pawenary  , Prabuwono A. S.
Published: December 2021

The increasing development of the industry makes every industry have to compete with other competitors to gain an edge. The advantages of competition are influenced by several factors, one of which is good human resource management. Where if a company has good human resources, it will increase profits indirectly and can increase productivity. This research discusses case studies about the potential dangers of IKM Heppy Bakery’s potential dangers that can harm workers in bread production. The method used is Failure Mode And Effect Analysis (FMEA). Later, the data will be filled and given a rating distinguished into three parts: severity, occurrence, and detection. The data were obtained through questionnaires given to 3 workers at IKM Heppy Bakery and filled in rating values based on the provisions that have been given to the questionnaire. This Value helps determine the Risk Priority Number (RPN) obtained from multiplication between severity, occurrence, and detection. After processing the RPN multiplication data, the highest RPN value was obtained by 193 with the danger factor of the operator overheating and dehydrating due to high temperatures. Furthermore, the calculation of critical Value was obtained by 109. Based on the critical Value obtained seven hazard factors above the critical value, these seven hazard factors need to be improved so that workers do not avoid accidents when conducting the production process.
Removal of nitrate using modified pumice as adsorbent for reducing groundwater pollution
Authors: Indah Shinta , Helard Denny , Lusiani Gusti , Hapsari Diana
Published: December 2021

Nitrate adsorption onto the physically and chemically modified pumice was investigated as an effort for reducing groundwater pollution. The treatments were heating at temperatures of 300°C, 450°C, and 600°C for physical and soaking in acid solutions (HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3) for chemical treatments. The adsorption was performed in a batch system at room temperature (25±1°C) with the optimum condition (pH 4; 0.3 g/L of adsorbent dose; <63 µm of adsorbent diameters and 30 minutes of contact time). The results indicated that the physically and chemically modified pumice resulted in increasing removal efficiency and nitrate uptake compared to the natural pumice. The highest removal efficiency and nitrate uptake were achieved from 300°C of heating temperatures (62.04% and 155.09 mg/g) and H2SO4 for the acid solution (83.30% and 208.25 mg/g), while by using the natural pumice only reached 57.02 % and 142.55 mg/g. The SEM images of the modified pumice confirmed the change in the surface morphology of pumice including the pore structure and surface area which can be proper sites for adsorption of pollutants. This study demonstrated that physical and chemical modification could be the potential treatment to increase the removal efficiency and nitrate uptake of the natural pumice, thus can solve the problem of groundwater pollution.
Effect of load on the shape of the slip surface and the velocity of the landslide on a mixture of clay sand
Authors: Andrini Repadi Julita , Bari Fathol , Junaidi  , Fitrah Nur Oscar
Published: December 2021

The slip surface has an essential role in slope stability analysis. The slip surface is to be known to calculate the safety factor. The velocity of landslides needs to be done to mitigate when a landslide occurs to reduce the risk. This study aims to determine the shape of the slip surface and the velocity of the landslide with variations in load and 2 combination material. The slope is formed in a glass box measuring 110 x10x40 cm. The slope angle used is the same as the angle of internal friction. The slope is given a uniform load until the slope collapses. Loading is done by using a pressure device placed on the prooving ring at the bottom of the press. From both material variatn ions and load variations, it can be seen that the shape of the slip surface that occurs is almost the same, namely in the form of a slip surface. So it is concluded that the load does not affect the shape of the slip surface. The velocity that occurs in combination 1 is moderate-rapid, while combination 2 is moderate. Combination 2 clay is safer than combination 1 but not too significant.
Soil classification at Muaro Baru beach of Padang City using CPT data
Authors: Yuliet Rina , Mera Mas , Hidayat Krismon
Published: December 2021

Many semi-empiric correlations have been developed to estimate geotechnical parameters based on Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data for various types of soils. This paper aims to classify soil types based on CPT data with several semi-empiric correlations and compare the results of some of these correlations. In this study, the field CPT and the laboratory test were carried out on soil from two closely spaced locations in the estuary area of Muaro Baru, Padang city. The CPT data was used to determine the soil type using several semi-empirical correlations, namely; friction ratios, Schertmann (1978), Robertson and Campanella (1983), and Robertson et al. (1986), then updated by Robertson in 2010. Soil Behaviour Type (SBT) is based on the cone resistance (qc), sleeve friction (qs), and friction ratio (Rf). The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) is also used to classify soils using sieve analysis. The results showed that from the several semi-empirical correlations obtained compatibility soil classification and soil profiles.
Disaster mitigation local wisdom in the tradition of the minangkabau community
Authors: Anwar Khairil
Published: December 2021

This study is about Minangkabau’s local wisdom in disaster mitigation. Minangkabau is an ethnic and cultural group that is still alive and developing today. This ethnic group is centered in West Sumatra in the highlands of the Bukit Barisan which stretches along the island of Sumatra and develops through migrating to various regions in the world. This ethnicity is the oldest tribe on earth which is characterized by the use of the hereditary system according to the maternal or matrilineal line. His leadership made the Minangkabau ethnic have various kinds of local wisdom, especially those directly related to disaster mitigation. The Minangkabau cultural center is located in an area that has a high intensity of natural disasters by its natural topography. In responding to their natural environment, the Minangkabau community has local wisdom in the form of a superstructure that regulates infrastructure and social structure in disaster mitigation. This local wisdom is found in various literacy and traditions of the Minangkabau community. This qualitative discussion uses the perspective of cultural materialism theory. It was found that the local wisdom of disaster mitigation includes human norms and attitudes towards nature; norms before a disaster occurs; and post-disaster policies. To anticipate disasters, there are rules regarding the processing and utilization of nature, such as the use of land, hills, deserts, and swamps. In the event of a disaster, there are rules such as building rangkiang and filling it with food reserves, doing the ijok tradition, and batangeh.