bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of onion peel extract on body composition changes in overweight Korean adults (1031.1)
Authors: Yim Jung‐Eun , Choue Ryowon , Kim Young‐Seol , Lee Kyung‐Hea , Cha Yong‐Jun
Published: June 2021

Anti‐obesity effects of quercetin‐rich onion peel extract (OPE) were suggested in rats, but the information from human studies was limited. This study was performed to investigate the effects of OPE on body composition in overweight subjects.

This study was conducted a 12‐week, randomized, double blinded, placebo‐controlled, parallel clinical trials in overweight Korean subjects (BMI 26.5±3.0 kg/m2). Randomly assigned subjects were instructed to take either the placebo (male 6, female 30) or 100 mg quercetin‐OPE capsules each day (male 5, female 31). Body composition was measured by bioimpedance and dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) methods. Resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were evaluated by indirect calorie methods. Fasting blood levels of glucose, insulin, lipids, leptin, visfatin, and adiponectin were determined. Urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured at baseline and after quercetin supplementation.

Quercetin‐rich OPE supplementation significantly reduced weight and body fat percents measured by DXA (p < 0.05), whereas these effects were not shown in the placebo group. Blood glucose, leptin, and urinary MDA were decreased in both groups (p<0.05). Significant increases were observed in REE and blood levels of adiponectin in both groups (p < 0.05).

Quercetin‐rich OPE changed body composition in overweight subjects, and this results suggested a beneficial role for quercetin as anti‐obesity effects in human subjects.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forest
Comparison of body composition and body mass index on health status indicators (1031.13)
Authors: Julander Kayli , Litchfield Ruth
Published: June 2021

Employees (n=176) from three Midwest companies completed a worksite health assessment. Mean age was 40 years (range 20‐76) with equal distribution by gender. Weight status was assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and Body Mass Index (BMI) with results classified as underweight, healthy/normal, overweight, or obese.Weight status classifications by BIA and BMI were: underweight (2 vs. 3); healthy/normal (28 vs. 35); overweight (45 vs. 57); and obese (100 vs. 78), respectively. Classifications were significantly different (p<0.05) with BIA identifying more as overweight and obese.Both methods identified differences by weight classification in MET scores, LDL, non‐HDL, HDL/LDL ratio, flexibility, and disease risk (waist to hip ratio). Weight classification by BIA identified differences in blood glucose, food security, and muscular endurance. In contrast, BMI classification identified differences in age, HDL, triglycerides, and diastolic blood pressure.Results confirm previous findings that weight status/adiposity negatively impact biochemical parameters, measures of physical fitness, diastolic blood pressure, and disease risk. Both classifications similarly identified differences in several of these health status indicators. Results suggest BMI is a reliable measure to assess health status while being a cost effective, less invasive method.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Center for Industrial Research and Service
The relationship between body composition, disease activity, and functional status in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (1031.15)
Authors: Woolf Kathleen , Kiely Mary , Yazici Yusuf
Published: June 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease causing pain, stiffness, swelling, and disability. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body composition, disease activity, and functional status in adults with RA (n=84; age 53 ± 14 y; BMI 29.3 ± 7.3 kg/m2; duration of disease 13.4 ± 9.3 y). Height, weight, waist circumference, grip strength, and body composition (bioelectrical impedance assessment) were measured. Waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), fat mass index (FMI; kg/m2), and fat‐free mass index (FFMI; kg/m2) were calculated for each participant. C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), duration of morning stiffness, and the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) determined disease activity and functional status. Partial correlations (controlling for age) examined relationships between variables. Body fat % and FMI were positively associated with CRP, ESR, physical function, pain score, and global status (p<0.05). WHtR was positively associated with CRP, physical function, pain score, and global status (p<0.05). Grip strength was positively correlated with FFMI (p<0.01) and negatively correlated with body fat % (p<0.05). In this study, higher body adiposity was associated with greater disease activity and poorer functional status. Interventions promoting a healthy body composition in individuals with RA may improve quality of life.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NYU Steinhardt Faculty Challenge Grant
Prediction of pre‐pregnancy weight from first trimester visit (1031.2)
Authors: Thomas Diana , Halawani Mirna , Phelan Suzanne , Butte Nancy , Redman Leanne
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Gaining weight within the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines leads to healthy pregnancy outcomes. In order to calculate weight gain during pregnancy, clinicians require an accurate measurement of pre‐pregnancy weight. Unfortunately, in most cases, pregravid weight is self‐reported which can be an unreliable measure.

Purpose: To develop and validate a mathematical model to estimate pre‐pregnancy weight from weight measured during a first trimester prenatal visit.

Methods: After testing the validity of self‐reported pregravid weight, four models were constructed using two comprehensive clinical databases containing weight directly measured before pregnancy and during the first trimester. Maternal age, race, height, and both gestational age and measured weight at the earliest first trimester visit, were used to predict pregravid weight. Each model was validated on independent data not used for model development. Bland‐Altman analysis was performed to test the validity of each model.

Results: Although self‐reported pregravid weight correlated well with measured weight (R2=0.98), the Bland‐Altman analysis suggested a negative bias (‐0.62 kg), confidence intervals [‐4.4, 3.1]), indicating increased under‐reporting of pregravid weight with higher BMI classifications. The developed predictive models validated well, demonstrating good agreement and low bias: (R2=0.96, Bias =0.06, confidence intervals [‐5.46,5.58 kg]).

Conclusions: The developed models provide an alternative method for health care providers and researchers to determine pregravid weight and appropriately classify women into the correct set of BMI‐specific IOM gestational weight gain guidelines.
A 12‐country assessment of body adiposity in Latin American children and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors (1031.3)
Authors: Vasta Florencia , Slater Christine , Caballero Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Aims: (1) To assess body adiposity in Latin American (LA) children using the deuterium oxide dilution (D2O) method; (2) to evaluate the association of these results with indices of cardiometabolic risk; and (3) to correlate D2O‐measured adiposity with traditional measures of body size. Methods: 1,205 6‐12 year old children (547 males and 658 females) from 12 LA countries taking part in IAEA Technical Cooperation project RLA6064. Percent body fat was estimated by D2O (%BF‐D2O). Anthropometric measurements and cardiometabolic indices were collected. Multiple linear regressions were used to model the relationship between cardiometabolic indices and %BF‐D2O. Spearman’s correlations estimated the association between %BF‐D2O with adiposity by skinfolds equations and BMI. Results: Females displayed significantly greater %BF‐D2O than males (p<0.05), with a diverse range of adiposity in the age range covered. Regression analyses confirmed the significant association of %BF‐D2O with TC, HDL, LDL, Insulin, HOMA‐IR, CRP, IL‐6, HCT, SBP and DBP. Spearman’s correlation revealed a stronger association between %BF‐D2O and Dezenberg or Deurenberg skinfold formulas (rho=0.82 and 0.88) compared with BMI (rho=0.69). Conclusions: %BF‐D2O measurements demonstrated a wide range of adiposity, with significant differences between countries, age and sex, and a significant association with cardiometabolic indices.

*On behalf of the RLA6064 project coordinators

Grant Funding Source: Technical Cooperation Fund of the IAEA and local resources in each participating country
Lentils counteract the ability of dietary fat to increase adiposity in growing C57BL/6J female mice (1031.4)
Authors: Hadsell Darryl , Loewus Sarel , Olea Walter , Hadsell Louise , Grusak Michael
Published: June 2021

Pulse consumption can prevent obesity in rodents challenged with high levels of dietary fat. In the C57BL/6J mouse, high fat diets also have been shown to reduce mammary ductal development. In this study, we hypothesized that dietary lentils would prevent the increased adiposity and diminished mammary ductal development that occurs in high fat‐fed C57BL/6J mice. Female mice (5/treatment) were fed either Harlan‐Teklad 2020x (2020x, 6.5% fat), Harlan TD.88137 (HF, 21% fat, 34% sucrose), or Harlan TD.88137 with cooked, freeze‐dried lentils added at 15% (HFL). After 4 weeks on the diets, females fed HFL had higher (P<0.05) weight gain than both 2020x and HF. However, body fat mass and percent fat were similar among 2020x and HFL, and both lower (P<0.05) than that of HF females. In addition, wet weight of both the parametrial and mammary fat pads were similar among 2020x and HFL, and lower in weight (P<0.05) than HF females. Comparison of mammary ductal morphometry measurements revealed only modest dietary effects. These data demonstrate that dietary lentils can counteract the increased body fatness effect of a high fat diet in growing female mice.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by The American Pulse Association
Age‐related differences in select systemic and local biomarkers affecting body composition in ovariectomized rats (1031.5)
Authors: Ezzat‐Zadeh Zahra , Chase P. , Kim Jeong‐Su , Arjmandi Bahram
Published: June 2021

Estrogen deficiency is associated with alterations in body composition that is linked to numerous chronic and age‐related diseases such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of estrogen and age on select biomarkers affecting body composition both at the local and systemic levels. Five‐ and ten‐month‐old female Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into two groups: sham and ovariectomized (ovx). For each age category, ovx rats either served as a control or received 17β‐estradiol (ovx+E2). Ovariectomy caused a significant increase in serum insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) in both age categories (6% and 38% in young and old animals, respectively). E2 was able to prevent these increases. Serum tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) values were undetectable. Local mRNA expressions of IGF‐I, TNF‐α, and atrogin‐I in gastrocnemius (GAS) and soleus (SOL) muscles were not significantly altered by either ovariectomy or E2 administration in younger animals. In the older age category, though mRNA levels of TNF‐α and atrogin‐I were not affected by either ovx or E2 administration, IGF‐I mRNA levels were significantly decreased in both GAS and SOL muscle samples of ovx rats and E2 administration prevented these decreases in IGF‐I levels. Our findings suggest that ovariectomy‐induced elevation of systemic IGF‐I may down‐regulate local mRNA expressions and are exacerbated by age.
Expression of growth regulatory genes in skeletal muscle of myostatin null mice (1032.4)
Authors: Kroscher Kellie , Clark Daniel , Dilger Anna
Published: June 2021

Reduced expression with increasing age of a set of growth regulating genes has been noted in organs and skeletal muscle and linked to growth cessation at mature size. Myostatin null (MN) mice exhibit increased muscle growth and delayed attainment of mature size. Therefore, our objective was to determine if genes that regulate growth cessation are altered in MN mice. We determined the expression of 7 genes (Ezh2, Gpc3, Mdk, Mest, Mycn, Peg3, and Plagl1) in male and female wild type (WT, n=140) and MN (n=140) mice at fetal day 14 (‐7d), birth (d0), d7 d21, d42, and d70. Full bodies were collected at ‐7d. Hind limb muscles were collected at d0 and d7. Bicep femoris muscle was collected on d21, 42 and 70. Expression was determined using quantitate real‐time PCR. Body weight was increased 10‐20% in MN compared to WT mice d0 (P=0.06) and d70 (P<0.01). Bicep femoris weight was increased in MN compared to WT mice at d42 (P=0.02) and d 70 (P<0.01) by approximately 35%. At ‐7d, expression was not altered by genotype or sex. At d0, Gpc3 and Mest expression was increased 40% (P<0.01) in females compared to male mice. At d0, Peg3 expression tended to be decreased (P=0.08) in male MN mice compared to all other treatments. Expression of Mdk was reduced approximately 60% (P<0.01) but Peg 3 expression tended to be increased 80% (P=0.06) at d21 in MN compared to WT mice. Expression of Ezh2, Mycn, and Plagl1 was not altered by genotype or sex at d0 or d 21.
Effect of vitamin K2 on trabecular bone mass in senescence‐accelerated mice P6 with water‐immersion restraint stress (1033.1)
Authors: Katsuyama Hironobu , Fushimi Shigeko , Yamane Kunikazu , Tomita Masafumi , Watanabe Yoko , Okuyama Toshiko , Katsuyama Midori , Rahayu Sri , Saijoh Kiyofumi
Published: June 2021

Vitamin K2 (VK2) has been used as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis, and might reduce the frequency of fractures by improving bone quality. In the present study, effect of VK2 on bone turnover was investigated using the P6 strain of senescence‐accelerated mice (SAMP6). We used water‐immersion restraint stress (WRS) as bone resorption model to SAMP6. Six week old male SAMP6 were divided into three groups, control, WRS, and WRS + VK2. WRS was performed 6 h/day, and VK2 (30mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously after WRS. These stresses were performed 3 times/week for 4 week.

No growth retardation was observed in WRS groups compared to control. Bone histomorphometrical study showed that trabecular bone in second cancellous area at the distal femur showed significant decrease in WRS, and this reduction was recovered by VK2. Reduction of trabecular bone was caused by the activation of osteoclasts, and activity of osteoclasts was suppressed by VK2. Moreover, number of osteoblasts were significantly increased in WRS, and WRS + VK2. Mineral apposition rate was significantly higher in WRS, and WRS + VK2 than control. WRS reduced the BMD by high bone turnover, indicating that both bone formation and bone resorption were increased. Moreover, VK2 was effective to recover from bone mineral loss by WRS. This study was supported by Kakenhi (22500684).

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Kakenhi
Investigating omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and/or soy protein isolate supplementation on renal inflammation in a rat model of polycystic kidney disease (1034.13)
Authors: Maditz Kaitlin , Oldaker Christopher , Nanda Nainika , Livengood Ryan , Benedito Vagner , Tou Janet
Published: June 2021

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a leading cause of end stage renal failure, resulting in the need for transplantation or long‐term dialysis. Inflammation is a common pathology in disease severity. Soy protein isoloate (SPI) and omega‐3 fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA’s) have been shown to have anti‐inflammatory properties. Therefore, the objective of the study was to examine the effects of SPI and/or n‐3 PUFA’s on renal inflammation in PKD. Female pck rats (age 28 d) were fed (n=12/group) diets consisting of casein + corn oil (Casein + CO), casein + soybean oil (Casein + SO), SPI + soybean oil (SPI + SO) or SPI + 1:1 soybean/salmon oil (SPI + SB) for 12‐weeks. Kidney fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography showed rats fed Casein + SO and SPI +SB diets had the higher (P = 0.02) renal alpha linoleic acid content compared to the Casein + CO and SPI + SO groups. The SPI + SB group had the highest (P < 0.001) renal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content. The Casein + CO group had the lowest (P < 0.001) DHA compared to the other diet groups. There were no significant differences in renal eicosapentaenoic acid content among the diet groups. Despite differences in renal n‐3 PUFA content, real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed no differences in relative genetic expression levels of cyclooxygenase‐2, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma or mammalian target of rapamycin. Histological evaluation also showed no differences in renal interstitial inflammation. Based on the results, SPI and/or n‐3 PUFAs did not appear to attenuate PKD severity by reducing inflammation.
All omega 3 fatty acids decrease macrophage prostaglandin E2 and inflammatory cytokine production (1034.16)
Authors: Pepper‐Yowell Amanda , Wang Shu , Byelashov Oleksandr , Sellers Matthew , Harris Tyler , Ballou Michael
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to determine if docosapentaenoic acid n‐3 (DPAn3) enrichment of macrophages (MΦ) changed their inflammatory response relative to saturated (S), mono‐unsaturated (MU), and other poly‐unsaturated (PU) fatty acids (FA). Differentiated THP‐1 cells were incubated with one of 11 FA (50 and 100 μM) of varying degrees of unsaturation or no FA for 24 h prior to 24 h of stimulation with lipopolysaccharide from E. coli. Fatty acids were collected from MΦ without stimulation to determine the fatty acid profiles. Media was collected from MΦ post‐stimulation and probed for prostaglandin E2, and cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐α, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and interleukin‐6. Prostaglandin E2 production was greater (P<0.05) for AA than all other FA, and n3 PUFA decreased (P<0.01) PGE2 compared to n6 PUFA and all other FA. Incubating THP‐1 cells with SFA, or MUFA did not change inflammatory cytokine release (P>0.10); however, PUFA decreased inflammatory cytokine release (P<0.01) and n3 PUFA were the most potent followed by arachidonic acid (AA). The results of this study suggest n3 PUFA can decrease inflammation associated with endothelial damage and stress, and the anti‐inflammatory effect of DPAn3 was similar to other n3 PUFA. Further, PGE2 production by THP‐1 cells increased greatly when incubated with AA and likely has a negative feedback on inflammatory cytokine release.

Grant Funding Source: Omega Protein Corporation
Overall effect of diet and supplementation with omega ‐3 fatty acids on the concentration of IL ‐6 and TNF‐α in obese adults (1034.17)
Authors: Díaz‐Gutiérrez Mary Carmen , Texcahua‐Salazar Alejandra , Inturbide‐García Mariana , Charua‐Levy Fredel , Parra‐Carriedo Alicia , Hernández‐Guerrero César
Published: June 2021

Adequate dietary intervention in obesity is associated with decrease in proinflammatory factors by decreasing fat mass. The omega‐3 marine origin, have an antithrombotic and vasodilator effect, therefore play a role in cardiovascular disease to reduce the tendency to thrombus formation, platelet aggregation, blood viscosity, the presence of arrhythmias and the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α IL‐6. The American Heart Association recommends the consumption of 1g of omega‐ 3 per day, either through consumption of cold water fish or supplementation with capsules containing EPA and DHA. The objective was identify the effect of supplementation for 3 months with omega‐3 in conjunction with a dietary intervention on the concentration of IL‐6 and TNF‐α in obese adults. This is a quasi experimental clinical trial that included 29 adults with obesity according to BMI which received a diet according to the basal energy expenditure obtained by indirect calorimetry, with 55% carbohydrates, 20% protein and 25% lipids and supplemented by three months with 1.5g of omega ‐3 to 60% concentration per gram of fish. Determined basal and final weight, visceral fat mass and fat mass by bioimpedance and IL‐6 and TNF‐ α by ELISA. The results of the paired t‐ test showed a statistically significant difference in weight, BMI, body fat and visceral fat (P <0.05) as well as in levels of IL‐6 (20.6 ng/mL vs 12.7ng/mL; P <0.05). While the levels of TNF‐α showed no statistically significant difference after 3 months of therapy (10.0 ng/mL vs 7.2 ng/mL; P > 0.05). The significant weight loss at the expense of fat mass and omega‐3 supplementation significantly decreased the level of inflammation from the IL ‐6 in obese adults.
The Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE) project (1034.19)
Authors: Ashour Fayrouz , Raiten Daniel
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE) project was a response to high prevalence of malnutrition, infectious and non‐communicable diseases. Of particular concern is the collision of these conditions in individuals and populations necessitating a deeper appreciation of the role of acute and chronic inflammation in the context of clinical assessment and population surveillance. INSPIRE was designed to provide an evidence based guidance to address the impact of inflammation on the selection, use and interpretation of nutrient biomarkers specifically and nutrition more broadly.

Objective: To summarize the results of the INSPIRE project.

Results: Four WG were constituted to address the continuum from basic biology to specific nutrition/inflammation relationships and potential approaches and methodologies to address these relationships. The WG addressed (1) the role of nutrition in immune function/inflammatory response, (2) the impact of nutrition on immune function/ inflammatory response and the impact of acute/chronic inflammation from either infection or NCD on nutrition, (3) Methodologies and new technologies, and (4) potential approaches to account for the impact of inflammation on nutrient assessment. The results of the WG deliberations will be presented as well as specific prioritized research gaps.

Conclusion: The role of nutrition in immune function and the inflammatory process and vice versa is incontrovertible. The WG presented evidence of the nature of these relationships including the specific impact of acute and chronic inflammation resulting from both infection and NCDs. Specific suggestions are provided with regard to the relative strengths and weakness of approaches to accounting for these interactions. The value of systems biology incorporating a deeper understanding of the role of multiple nutrients within the immune/inflammatory systems are also explored.

Grant Funding Source: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; NIH (NICHD and ODS)
Phenylketonuria is a condition of inflammation associated with high BMI and low bone turnover (1034.2)
Authors: Coakley Kathryn , Douglas Teresa , Singh Rani
Published: June 2021

This study assessed inflammation in phenylketonuria (PKU) to examine associations with body composition, plasma phenylalanine (phe), diet, and bone health. Blood from 20 fasted females ages 11‐52 with PKU was analyzed for plasma phe, inflammation [C‐reactive protein (CRP)], and bone turnover markers (CTx and P1NP). Dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry measured body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and content (BMC). Three‐day food records were analyzed by NDSR to calculate energy, carbohydrate, fat, total protein and phe intake. Spearman’s coefficients assessed correlations between CRP (non‐normal) and all parameters. Nine (45%) were overweight or obese (BMI >25). CRP was elevated (>1mg/dL) in 33.3% and correlated with BMI (r‐square=0.49; p‐value=0.03) and marginally with % body fat (r‐square=0.34; p‐value=0.14). CRP was not associated with plasma phe, nutrients, BMD or BMC. CRP was inversely correlated with PINP, marker of bone formation (r‐square=‐0.47; p‐value=0.04) and marginally with CTx, marker of bone resorption (r‐square=‐0.40; p‐value=0.09). Preliminary data indicate 1 in 3 females with PKU had elevated CRP indicating inflammation. Inflammation was related to high BMI, low bone turnover and potentially with high fat mass, but not plasma phe or diet. Risk of chronic conditions or bone health issues secondary to chronic inflammation warrants investigation in PKU.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the NIH
Eating behavior and its association with measures of adiposity and metabolic risk factors in women ‐ Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study (BRAMS) (1034.4)
Authors: Cassani Roberta , Freitas André Luiz , Amâncio Olga , Pareja José , Gelonze Bruno
Published: June 2021

Introduction:Obesity and metabolic syndrome(MS)justified:nutritional imbala nce and lifestyle.Postprandial dysmetabo lism characterized extended fasting followed meals of high energy density associated with cardiometabolic risk factors(RF)Objectives:Investigate existing associations:eating behavior,RF to MS Methods:Cross sectional study,379 women,17‐75 years old,assessed waist cir cumference(WC),body mass index(BMI)serum liver enzymes,blood glucose,fasting insulin,total,cholesterol,fractions,tri glycerides,adiponectin.To assessment nu tritional composition, behavioral diete tic pattern it was used habitual diete tic recall(DietPro5).Fasting hours prior breakfast, dinner were separately catego rized into 3groups D110,5,J14,5.Statisti cal Pearson correlational test,partial correlation adjustment:BMI,age,total energetic intake,Oneway ANOVA test.Consi dered p<0,05Results positive correlation observed between fasting preceding dinner,glycemic carbohydrate meal holds (r=0,11,p=0,04),CA(r=0,15,p= 0,01), LDLc (r=0,11,p=0,04),AST(r=0,24,p<0,001),GPT(r=0,20,p<0,001),GGT(r=0.25,p=0,003),insulin(r=0,17,p=0,01),adiponectin (r=‐0,15 ,p=0,04).Correlations remained signifi cant:AST and GGT after adjustment age, BMI,energy consumption:(r=0,19,p=0,03),(r=0,25,p=0,01).Fasting breakfast correlated CA(r=0,16,p=0,01),adiponectin (r=‐0,19,p=0,01),adiponectin remained significant after adjustment(r=‐0,23,p= 0,02).Groups of fasting preceding break fast was no difference between mean AST (p=0,01),AST(p=0,03),GGT(p=0,02).Among groups of fasting preceding the dinner difference was found between mean CA(p= 0,01),LDL‐c(p=0,04),adiponectin(p=0,03) Discussion:overfeeding,oxidative stress ,proportional number of hours before are meals,involved with high requirement liver and pancreas.Conclusion:Behavioral dietary pattern was associated with RF and MS.
Relationship of nutrition and bone mineral density among Hispanic subjects in “En Balance” diabetes education program (1035.10)
Authors: Damayanti Didit , Dehom Salem , Cordero‐MacIntyre Zaida , De Leon Marino , Beeson Larry
Published: June 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the association of selected nutrients (protein, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D) and BMD in Hispanic subjects.

Methods: This was a prospective three‐month uncontrolled intervention pilot study. A culturally sensitive diabetes education program was conducted to determine the clinical impact on glycemic control in Hispanics subjects with type 2 diabetes. Besides glycemic control, BMD measured by fan beam DXA with Hologic QDR 4500‐A software version 8.1A and dietary intake measured by a validated food frequency questionnaires. Paired t‐tests and Wilcoxon sign rank test used to compare the change after intervention, while multiple linear regression used to determine the association between BMD and selected nutrients.

Results: The study had 39 subjects, 59 % females, mean age 54 years old and 28.2 % had low BMD (T‐score ‐1 and less). Results showed there was no significant difference of T‐score (p=0.314), energy, protein, calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D, sodium, alcohol and caffeine intake before and after intervention. Adjusted for gender result showed there is no significant association between L total BMD (g/cmsq) and protein (p=0.694), calcium (p=0.419), phosphorus (p=0.551) and vitamin D (p=0.772) after intervention.

Conclusions: There was no significant association between BMD and selected nutrients intake adjusted for gender in Hispanic subjects.
Relationships between salt intake and hypertension in patients with smell loss (1035.3)
Authors: Henkin Robert
Published: June 2021

Smell loss (hyposmia) and hypertension are common but related medical problems. Associated with hyposmia is loss of ability to obtain flavor from food. To compensate for flavor loss hyposmic patients add excessive amounts of salt to food to obtain taste gratification. To study this we evaluated salt intake and blood pressure in 56 hyposmic patients and in 27 normal volunteers. Thirty‐two percent of patients self‐reported salt usage increased three times over that prior to their hyposmia; about two‐thirds exhibited hypertension. Treatment which restored smell function and thereby improved flavor perception decreased their salt intake which decreased incidence of hypertension. In a related study patients with hypertension eating a dry diet were given choice between distilled water and saline as their only fluid; hypertensives chose saline significantly more frequently than distilled water. Following treatment of their hypertension they reversed this pattern and chose more distilled water than saline. These results demonstrate that hyposmia generates increased salt intake with subsequent hypertension and that hypertension generates increased salt intake. Treatment which corrects hyposmia and hypertension causes decreased salt intake and decreased hypertension. These observations are clinically important since in the United States about 7% of people exhibit hyposmia and 3‐6% exhibit hypertension.
Effect of a dietary portfolio (nopal, soy, oat, chia seed and inulin) on lipoprotein subclasses and LDL‐cholesterol in Mexican subjects with hypercholesterolemia (1035.8)
Authors: Vazquez‐Manjarrez Natalia , Guevara Martha , Tovar Armando , Flores Adriana , Ayala Brenda , Radyx Miriam , Medina Isabel , Aguilar Miriam , Jimenez Edith , Orozco Ximena , Castaño‐Jameson Marisol , Torres Nimbe
Published: June 2021

The use of specific dietary portfolios containing regional functional foods may contribute in a better adherence to the dietary treatment in controlling hypercholesterolemia. We studied the effect of a dietary portfolio (nopal, soy protein, oats, chia seed and inulin) on the concentration of total cholesterol (C), LDL‐C, HDL‐C and lipoprotein subclasses in 23 Mexican subjects (17 women and 6 men) after three months of dietary treatment. We found a significant decrease in serum LDL cholesterol. This was accompanied with a decrease in the concentration of small LDL particles (p=0.008). In addition, there was an trend to increase serum HDL‐C, and it was associated with a significant increase in the concentration of large HDL‐particles (p= 0.004). On the other hand, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly as well as total body weight and BMI. These results indicate that dietary portfolio intervention could be an important strategy in the prevention of cardiovascular disease by generating a less atherogenic condition

Grant Funding Source: Supported by grant of Medix to NT
Low dose of trans‐10, cis‐12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces adiposity and increases markers of thermogenesis in overweight mice (1037.1)
Authors: Shen Wan , Baldwin Jessie , Collins Brian , Hixson Lindsay , Lee Kuan‐Ting , Herberg Timothy , Starnes Joe , Chuang Chia‐Chi , Reid Tanya , Gupta Sat , McIntosh Michael
Published: June 2021

Our objective was to examine the extent to which 0.1%, w/w, of trans‐10,cis‐12 (10,12) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces adiposity in overweight, sedentary or exercised mice by increasing thermogenesis, and if these effects were dependent on inflammatory signaling. Mice were fed high fat diet for 5 wk, and then switched to a low fat control diet with or without 10,12 CLA, exercise, or sodium salicylate (SS) for another 7 wk. 10,12 CLA decreased white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue mass, and increased enzyme activities and mRNA levels of markers of thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in WAT. Notably, 10,12 CLA decreased body temperature at 23oC and 7oC compared to controls, which coincided with decreased adiposity. As predicted, SS prevented 10,12 CLA‐mediated increases in markers of inflammation in WAT, although it did not affect markers of browning and fatty acid oxidation. Surprisingly, exercise did not further reduce 10,12 CLA’s reduction in body fat nor attenuate elevated hepatic triglycerides. Collectively, these data suggested that 10,12 CLA‐mediated reduction of adiposity was independent of inflammation, and possibly due to up‐regulation of fatty acid oxidation and heat production in order to regulate body temperature. Although this low level of 10,12 CLA reduced adiposity in overweight mice, hepatic steatosis and inflammation are health concerns.

Grant Funding Source: NIH DK 063070‐9
Temporal effects of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ activation on macrophage inflammatory responses (1037.3)
Authors: Guo Xin , Guo Ting , Li Honggui , Pei Ya , Xu Hang , Qi Ting , Hu Xiang , Zhao Yan , Zhao Jiajia , Wu Chaodong
Published: June 2021

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation suppresses macrophage inflammatory responses, thereby improving overnutrition‐associated insulin resistance. Because circadian clocks gate the rhythmicity of macrophage inflammatory responses, we explored the temporal effects of PPARγ activation on macrophage proinflammatory responses. To characterize the rhythmicity of macrophage inflammatory responses, RAW cells were synchronized at CT0 (circadian time 0) and treated with palmitate (250 µM) at 1 hr (CT1), 7 hr (CT7), 13 hr (CT13), and/or 19 hr (CT19) after CT0 for 4 hr. As indicated by the phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), RAW cells displayed the strongest inflammatory responses at CT7. Although decreased at CT13, JNK phosphorylation remained at relatively high levels at CT13 and CT19. Next, bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM), at CT7 and CT19, were treated with pioglitazone (1 µM) for 48 hr in the presence of lipopolysaccharide for the last 30 min. Consistently, BMBM displayed stronger inflammatory responses at CT7 than at CT19. Interestingly, BMDM also responded better to pioglitazone at CT7 than at CT19. Together, these results suggest that circadian clocks critically regulate the anti‐inflammatory effects of PPARγ activation. As such, time‐based treatment may be an essential strategy for managing overnutrition‐associated metabolic diseases.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by ADA, AHA, NIH
Gene‐diet interaction effects during a supplementation with n‐3 PUFA on both plasma and gene expression levels of inflammatory markers (1037.9)
Authors: Cormier Hubert , Rudkowska Iwona , Couture Patrick , Lemieux Simone , Vohl Marie‐Claude
Published: June 2021

Objective: To test whether gene expression of inflammatory genes is altered following an n‐3 PUFA supplementation and to test for any possible gene‐diet interactions modulating plasma inflammatory biomarker levels. Methods: 210 subjects completed a 6‐wk n‐3 PUFA supplementation with 5g/d of fish oil. Gene expression of TNF and IL6 was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using the TaqMan technology adjusted for the endogenous control (GAPDH). Genotyping of 20 SNPs from the TNF‐LTA gene cluster, IL1β, IL6 and CRP genes was performed. Results: Gene expression of TNF and IL6 increased after the 6‐wk n‐3 PUFA supplementation as shown by 2‐ΔΔCt values >1 (mean±SD, 1.05±0.39 and 1.18±0.50, respectively). In a MIXED model for repeated measures adjusted for the effects of age, sex and BMI, gene by supplementation interactions effects were observed for rs1143627, rs16944, rs1800797, and rs2069840 on IL6 levels, for rs2229094 on TNF‐alpha levels and for rs1800629 on CRP levels (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions: An n‐3 PUFA supplementation could alter gene expression levels of TNF and IL6 in PBMC. Also, the large inter‐individual variability in plasma inflammatory markers following an n‐3 PUFA supplementation may be influenced by genetic variations in inflammatory genes.

Grant Funding Source: CIHR
Early infant feeding and islet autoimmunity in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study (1038.5)
Authors: Uusitalo Ulla , Lee Hye‐Seung , Andren Aroonsson Carin , Vehik Kendra , Yang Jimin , Hummel Sandra , Butterworth Martha , Lernmark Ake , Rewers Marian , Hagopian William , She Jin‐Xiong , Simell Olli , Ziegler Anette , Akolkar Beena , Krischer Jeffrey , Virtanen Suvi M , Norris Jill M
Published: June 2021

This is the first attempt to study infant feeding in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) related islet autoimmunity (IA) in a multi‐country setting.

The TEDDY study follows 8502 children with T1D‐associated HLA‐DR‐DQ alleles in Finland, Germany, Sweden and the US. Blood samples were collected every 3 months (m) from birth to evaluate IA, defined as appearance of one or more of the islet cell autoantibodies GADA, IAA, or IA‐2A confirmed at two consecutive visits. Information on infant feeding was collected by a questionnaire. We applied time‐to‐event analysis in this study.

Breastfeeding duration was not associated with IA. Significant interactions between the HLA‐DR‐DQ genotype and diet were detected. Introduction of any solid food before 4 m was associated with increased IA risk (HR 1.73; 95%CI 1.04‐2.88) vs introduction at 蠅6 m, in HLA‐DR3/4 carriers. In non‐DR3/4 carriers, introduction of fruits/berries before 4 m was associated with decreased IA risk (HR 0.55; 95%CI 0.35‐0.86) vs introduction at 蠅6 m.

We conclude that timing of solid food introduction may be associated with IA in TEDDY in a manner linked to HLA risk.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH, NIDDK, NIAID, NICHD, NIEHS, JDRF and CDC.
Relationship of in vitro and in vivo approaches on slow appearance rate of starch: a meta‐analysis (1039.10)
Authors: Vinoy Sophie , Goux Aurélie , Jourdan‐Salloum Nathalie , Lesdema Aurélie , Meynier Alexandra
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Decreasing glycemic response (GR) is relevant in the prevention of metabolic diseases. High slowly digestible starch (SDS) could be a good candidate to decrease GR. A meta‐analysis of 5 intervention studies evaluates the strength between SDS and GR, and SDS and appearance rate of carbohydrates (Ra) of cereal foods.

Methods: The five selected randomised clinical trials included from 12 to 38 non diseased subjects tested cereal products with different SDS content. Meta‐analyses and meta‐regression models were done to synthesize the evidence. The odd ratios (OR) with 95% of confidence for the adjusted random‐effects models investigate the association between SDS and postprandial metabolism as GR, insulin response and Ra.

Results: Cereal products containing high SDS (from 9 to 16g/portion) are 4.4 times more likely to generate low GR and 2.6 times more likely to generate low insulin response than cereal products containing low SDS. The link between slow exogenous Ra and high SDS was even stronger with an OR of 14.6. Strong link (69%) was obtained between exogenous Ra and GR.

Conclusion: High SDS (> 9g/portion) in cereal foods induced a lower postprandial glycaemic response, through a slower appearance rate of exogenous carbohydrates, and with a concomitant low insulin response. This meta‐analysis reinforces the interest of SDS on its impact on carbohydrate metabolism in order to prevent the risk of metabolic disease genesis.
The relationship between vitamin D status and markers of diabetes risk in individuals at risk for developing diabetes: preliminary data from the Evidence trial (1041.10)
Authors: Moreira‐Lucas Tracy , Wolever Thomas
Published: June 2021

Data from epidemiological studies show an inverse association between low levels of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and markers of diabetes risk including high blood glucose levels. The EVIDENCE trial is a randomized, double‐blind clinical trial which aims to examine the effect of vitamin D3 fortified cheese versus placebo on fasting and serum glucose 2h after consuming 75g of glucose (OGTT), insulin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and markers of inflammation in subjects with low serum 25(OH)D3 (蠄65nmol/ L) and who are at an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Twenty‐one subjects (11M, 10F) with a mean age of 52 ± 12y enrolled in the EVIDENCE trial visited the laboratory after a 12hr overnight fast. Fasting blood samples were drawn from subjects and assayed for 25(OH)D3, glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol. In this sample of participants enrolled in the EVIDENCE trial we observed a significant inverse association between 25(OH)D3 and triglycerides (r= ‐0.5413, p= 0.011) and waist circumference (r= ‐0.4427, p= 0.045). We also observed an moderate inverse association between serum 25(OH)D3 and HbA1c (r= ‐0.270), however it was not statistically significant. No significant associations were observed between 25(OH)D3 and glucose, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol which may be due to the small sample size. These preliminary data suggests that vitamin D status is inversely related to factors which increase an individual’s risk for developing diabetes.The results from the EVIDENCE trial will assist us in obtaining a better understanding of the potential role of vitamin D in modulating some of the risk factors associated with T2D.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Dairy Farmers of Canada
Resistant starch promotes vitamin D balance and maintenance of methyl group metabolism in type 1 diabetic rats (1041.8)
Authors: Anderegg Alysse , Schalinske Kevin
Published: June 2021

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic beta cell dysfunction, insulin deficiency and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. Chronic hyperglycemia causes structural damage to the kidneys, resulting in ultrafiltration and imbalance of nutrients such as vitamin D and disruption of various proteins associated with methyl group metabolism and homocysteine regulation. Using streptozotocin (STZ)‐treated rats as a model of T1DM, we have demonstrated that dietary resistant starch (RS) attenuates many complications associated with T1DM including increased urinary excretion of 25,OH vitamin D and vitamin D binding protein. The focus of this study was to further characterize the impact of RS on vitamin D balance and methyl group metabolism in diabetic rats. Female rats (n=36) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control, T1DM and T1DM + dietary RS. Control and T1DM rats were fed a standard cornstarch diet during the 8‐wk treatment period, whereas T1DM + RS groups were fed a high amylose cornstarch diet (36% resistant to digestion). T1DM rats exhibited polyuria, hyperglycemia, decreased urinary creatinine excretion (2.3 fold) and increased hepatic (1.2 fold) and renal (~2 fold) GNMT activity. Dietary RS attenuated these complications. Future research will focus on understanding the mechanism by which dietary RS promotes regulation of vitamin d and methyl group metabolism.

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Grant Funding Source: Supported by Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University
Effects of high‐fat high‐carbohydrate diet on pentylenetetrazole seizure threshold in rat (1042.6)
Authors: Hasan Zuheir , Alzoubi Karem
Published: June 2021

There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress is a casual factor in different neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease and epilepsy. We have previously shown that consumption of high‐fat, high‐carbohydrate diet (HFCD) induces oxidative stress, which results in hippocampal neuron damage, hence impairment of learning and memory, which was reversed Vitamin E (Vit E).

Damage in the hippocampus due to consumption of HFCD could alter synaptic transmission and may increase susceptibility to seizures. This study examined the effects of chronic consumption of HFCD on susceptibility to seizures using PTZ seizure threshold test. Male Wistar rats (250‐ 300 gms) were randomly assigned to four groups: control, HFCD, Vit E, and HFCD diet with Vit E (HFCD + Vit E). Vit E and/or HFCD were concurrently administered to animals for 6 weeks. Thereafter, PTZ seizure threshold was measured in control and treated rats. Results revealed that PTZ seizure threshold was significantly reduced in rats consuming HFCD. This effect was reversed in rats consuming HFCD and concurrently administered Vit E. No significant change in PTZ seizures threshold was detected in rats on regular diet and treated with Vit E. These data suggest that prolonged consumption of HFCD increases susceptibility to PTZ‐induced seizures. Such an effect may be related to HFCD‐ induced oxidative stress and was prevented by the antioxidant vitamin E, probably through normalizing antioxidant mechanism in the hippocampus.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by grants from Arabian Gulf University and Jordan University of Science and Technology
Comparison of thymulin activity to other measures in marginally zinc deficient rats (1043.11)
Authors: DiSilvestro Robert , Joseph Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

Activity of the thymus derived, immunoregulatory peptide thymulin has shown high sensitivity to zinc status in humans. However, this research has generally been done for people with the confounding effects of various health issues. In contrast, a study was done on healthy, semi‐mature growing rats where the only variable was adequate zinc status versus a short term, moderate restriction of zinc intake. After 2 weeks of being fed a diet with 5 ppm zinc, rats showed a mean serum zinc value that was 31% lower than for rats fed 27 ppm zinc. A much bigger mean percent difference of 61% was seen for serum thymulin activity. This activity was determined by a rosette formation assay that uses sheep erythrocytes plus spleen cells from thymectomized mice. Activity was restored to 100% of normal in vitro by adding zinc to the assay. Body weight was lower in the rats fed lower zinc (187 + 5 g vs 242 + 13), but total food intake was not much lower, and was the same per body weight. Serum extracellular superoxide dismutase activity was 18% lower in the low zinc group, and serum 5’‐nucleotidase activity was 26% lower. In addition, liver metallothionein in the low zinc group was about 27% lower than in the zinc adequate group. In conclusion, in rats, a marginal zinc deficiency, with no other confounding factors,produced a larger effect on thymulin activities than on a number of other parameters.