bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Jan Sjödin faba bean mutant collection: morphological and molecular characterization
Authors: Khazaei Hamid , Carlson-Nilsson Ulrika , Schulman Alan H.
Published: October 2024

Background

Plant mutagenesis creates novel alleles, thereby increasing genetic and phenotypic diversity. The availability of the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) reference genome and a growing set of additional genomic resources has increased the scientific and practical value of mutant collections. We aimed to genotype and morphologically phenotype a historical faba bean mutant collection developed and characterized by Jan Sjödin (1934–2023) over half a century ago in order to increase its value to researchers. The collection was genotyped using high-throughput single-primer enrichment technology (SPET) assays.

Results

We used 11,073 informative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers spanning the faba bean genome to genotype 52 mutant lines along with the background line, cv. Primus. A range of flower, seed, leaf, and stipule mutations were observed. The analysis of population structure revealed a shallow structure with no major subpopulations. Principal component and cluster analyses revealed, to a minor extent, that the mutants clustered by their phenotype.

Conclusions

The mutants’ phenotypic variation and shallow structure indicate that the Sjödin faba bean collection has the potential to play a significant role in faba bean breeding and in genetic and functional studies.
Evaluation of alternative methods for forecasting the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population of Australia
Authors: Wilson Tom , Temple Jeromey , Burchill Luke , Luke Jo , Logiudice Dina
Published: October 2024

Assessing future demand for a wide range of services requires good quality population forecasts. Unfortunately, many past forecasts of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) population of Australia have proved highly inaccurate. This is due to poor data quality, missing data, and demographers’ incomplete understanding of Indigenous population change. In addition, because Indigenous population estimates are published only every 5 years and long after the reference date, forecasts are often used as preliminary population estimates. These form the denominators of various metrics used to monitor programmes aimed at improving health and social outcomes. The aim of this paper is to present an evaluation of alternative forecasting models and forecasts of the Indigenous population of Australia’s States and Territories by age and sex. Four models, differing substantially in complexity, were evaluated: (1) the simple Hamilton–Perry method, (2) the synthetic migration cohort-component model, (3) a uniregional cohort-component model with net migration, and (4) a bi-regional cohort-component model. The population forecasting methods were evaluated against several criteria, including forecast accuracy over the 2016–21 period, input data requirements, conceptual adequacy, output detail, time required to prepare, ability to create scenarios and select alternative assumptions, and ease of implementation. The Hamilton–Perry and synthetic migration cohort-component models provided greater forecast accuracy and scored well against the evaluation criteria. In the challenging data environment for modelling Indigenous populations, simpler forecasting methods offer several practical advantages and are likely to produce more accurate forecasts than more data-intensive models.
Prognostic significance of pretreatment PET parameters in inoperable, node-positive NSCLC patients with poor prognostic factors undergoing hypofractionated radiotherapy: a single-institution retrospective study
Authors: Zinn Annemarie Barbara , Kenndoff Saskia , Holzgreve Adrien , Käsmann Lukas , Guggenberger Julian Elias , Hering Svenja , Mansoorian Sina , Schmidt-Hegemann Nina-Sophie , Reinmuth Niels , Tufman Amanda , Dinkel Julien , Manapov Farkhad , Belka Claus , Eze Chukwuka
Published: October 2024

Background

Node-positive non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) present a challenge for treatment decisions, particularly in patients ineligible for concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) due to poor performance status and compromised lung function. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of pretreatment positron emission tomography (PET) parameters in high-risk patients undergoing hypofractionated radiotherapy.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 42 consecutive patients with inoperable node-positive NSCLC, who underwent hypofractionated radiotherapy between 2014 and 2021 at a single institution. Clinical, treatment-related, and [18F]FDG PET-based parameters were correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Median dichotomisation was performed to establish risk groups. Statistical analyses included univariable and multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses.

Results

After a median follow-up of 47.1 months (range: 0.5-101.7), the median PFS and OS were 11.5 months (95% CI: 7.4-22.0), and 24.3 months (95% CI: 14.1-31.8). In univariable Cox regression analysis, significant predictors of PFS included receipt of salvage systemic treatment (p=0.007), SUVmax (p=0.032), and tMTV (p=0.038). Similarly, ECOG-PS (p=0.014), Histology (p=0.046), and tMTV (p=0.028) were significant predictors of OS. Multivariable Cox regression analysis (MVA) identified SUVmax as a significant predictor for PFS [HR: 2.29 (95% CI: 1.02-5.15); p=0.044]. For OS, ECOG-PS remained a significant prognosticator [HR: 3.53 (95% CI: 1.49-8.39); p=0.004], and tMTV approached significance [HR: 2.24 (95% CI: 0.95-5.26); p=0.065]. Furthermore, the high tMTV group exhibited a median PFS of 5.3 months [95% CI: 2.8-10.4], while the low tMTV group had a PFS of 15.2 months [95% CI: 10.1-33.5] (p=0.038, log-rank test). Median OS was 33.5 months [95% CI: 18.3-56.8] for tMTV ≤ 36.6 ml vs. 14.1 months [95% CI: 8.1-27.2] for tMTV > 36.6 ml (p=0.028, log-rank test).

Conclusion

Pretreatment PET parameters, especially tMTV, hold promise as prognostic indicators in NSCLC patients undergoing hypofractionated radiotherapy. The study highlights the potential of PET metrics as biomarkers for patient stratification.
Health benefits and functions of salt-fermented fish
Authors: Cha Yong-Jun , Yu Daeung
Published: October 2024

Salt-fermented fish, a typical food in many regions of the world, was classified into three types depending on the processing method. It was divided into a process of fermenting by adding fish and salt only, a method of filtering it to form a fish sauce, and a method of lactic acid fermenting by adding additional carbohydrates. The free amino acids produced in large quantities through fermentation make salt-fermented fish a valuable protein source in regions where rice is the staple food. Furthermore, they also have significant amounts of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), making them nutritionally excellent and functional, with antioxidant, antihypertensive, and fibrinolytic activities that benefit cardiovascular health. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented fish products have beneficial effects on humans, including bacteriocin and probiotic effects. Looking to the future, the potential benefits of reducing naturally occurring biogenic amines and adjusting the salt content for storage stability could further enhance the health and taste benefits of salt-fermented fish, providing hope and optimism for the future of food preservation and nutrition.
Nuclear factor kappa B 1 A > G single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs4648068) in Egyptian patients with Behcet’s syndrome, case–control study
Authors: Saad Moustafa Ali , El Gendy Hala Ibrahem , Laymouna Ahmed Hatem , Shaker Olfat , Behiry Mervat Essam
Published: October 2024

Background

Behcet's syndrome (BS) is a variable-vessel vasculitis characterized by hyperactive innate immunity. The nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) pathway is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses including innate and adaptive immune responses. BS could be associated with NFKB hyperactivation. We aimed to study the association between the NFKB1 A > G (rs4648068) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and BS in Egyptian patients, in comparison to healthy controls, and to correlate the presence of rs4648068 SNP with the different activity domains of the disease. After ethical committee approval (Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, code MD-228-2022), the International Study Group Criteria for Behçet's Disease (ISG) criteria was used to recruit 60 BS patients, and the activity of the disease was assessed using Behcet’s Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) and the Behcet Syndrome Activity Score (BSAS). Another 60 matched controls were recruited. DNA extraction was done followed by PCR amplification to detect the target SNP.

Results

The GG genotype was significantly higher in BS versus controls (21.7% and 5%, respectively, p value = 0.015). Also, the G allele was significantly higher in BS versus controls (43.3% and 30%, respectively, p value = 0.033). Of the whole activity domains, only arthralgia was found to be significantly correlated with rs4648068 SNP.

Conclusion

NFKB1 rs4648068 A > G SNP increases the risk of developing BS. Among patients with BS, the GG genotype is protective against developing arthralgia. There is no statistically significant relation between rs4648068 SNP and either other activity domains of BS or the different activity scores of the disease.
Role of Ihh — a progesterone-responsive gene in mammalian reproduction: a review
Authors: Saikia Archana , Sarma Hirendra Nath
Published: October 2024

Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is a member of the developmentally regulated morphogens, the hedgehog gene family. The Hh protein family was initially discovered in Drosophila and has since been widely investigated in both Drosophila and higher animals. Ihh exhibited a dynamic spatiotemporal expression pattern in the mammalian uterus and ovaries. The downstream targets of the Ihh signaling pathway include PTCH-1, SMO, and COUP-TFII. Ihh is a progesterone-responsive gene that plays an important function in the female reproductive system; conditional ablation results in infertility due to failed embryo implantation. The literature addressing Ihh’s functions and ways of action is expanding, as is the number of processes that use it in cell signaling as well as physiology. Even while our grasp of the path has expanded tremendously, we still have many gaps in our knowledge. This review will address the discovery, evolution, mechanisms, and manifestations of Ihh especially in mammalian reproduction.
Provision of digital health interventions for young people with ADHD in primary care: findings from a survey and scoping review
Authors: Gudka Rebecca , Becker Kieran , Newlove-Delgado Tamsin , Price Anna
Published: October 2024

Background

People with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk of negative health outcomes, with risks reduced through evidence-based treatments. Therefore, ensuring continued access to treatment for young people with ADHD, especially as they transition from child to adult services, is a priority. Currently many young people with ADHD are unable to access adequate care, with negative consequences for patients and their communities. Preliminary evidence suggests digital health interventions (DHIs) may act as an effective adjunct to usual care, helping overcome barriers to access, and improving outcomes by increasing understanding of ADHD as a long-term condition. The aim of this mixed methods study is to explore the healthcare information preferences of people with lived experience of ADHD in the primary care context and considers these in the light of the emerging body of literature on DHIs for ADHD. To explore this, a descriptive summary of cross-sectional survey responses was compared and discussed in the context of DHIs identified in a scoping review.

Results

Digital apps, followed by support groups, were deemed the most useful information resource types by survey respondents, but were the least currently used/provided. Over 40% participants indicated a preference for signposting to all resource types by their general practitioner (GP), suggesting that GPs are credible sources for ADHD healthcare information. The scoping review identified nine studies of DHI for ADHD, consisting of games, symptom monitoring, psychoeducation, and medication reminders, with limited evidence of effectiveness/implementation.

Conclusions

People with ADHD state a preference for digital apps as an adjunct to usual care. However, these are currently the least provided information resource in primary care, indicating a key area for future development. The limited evidence base on DHIs for ADHD suggests combining digital apps and support networks, and utilising multimodal delivery methods may also enhance the delivery of healthcare information.
Development of a Scale to Measure Planned Behavior in Inclusive Science Communication: Validity Evidence in Undergraduate STEM Students
Authors: Worthington Delaney , Graham Barbara , Gilliard Hannah , Kelp Nicole C
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the development of and validity evidence for a multifactorial survey scale based on the Theory of Planned Behavior to measure STEM students' attitudes/norms, self-efficacy, behaviors, and behavioral intents in inclusive science communication.
Exploring Variations in STEM Instructors’ Approaches to Office Hours
Authors: Forsythe Desiree , Green Rebecca M. , Hsu Jeremy L.
Published: October 2024

We conducted a phenomenographic study to investigate how instructors of STEM courses experience office hours and how these experiences may impact their approaches to promoting and managing office hours. We identified variations in the promotion, the modality, and how instructors facilitated learning during office hours.
Simultaneous seismic interpolation and statics estimation of land data
Authors: Alfaraj Ali M. , Verschuur D. J. (Eric) , Herrmann Felix J.
Published: October 2024

Imaging and inversion of land seismic data affected by complex weathering layers near the surface are challenging. When the data are additionally subsampled for economical reasons such as monitoring of sequestrated carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the problem is further exacerbated due to the combined influence of subsampling and weathering layers. First, interpolation performs poorly because the weathering layers reduce the data’s coherency. Second, near-surface corrections require knowledge of the subsurface model, separation between primaries and multiples, as well as subsurface velocity estimation, which are difficult to perform from subsampled data. To overcome these hurdles, we combine seismic interpolation and statics estimation into a joint single rank-reduction-based algorithm. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this has been done. Our method simultaneously accounts for the weathering and subsampling effects, which both contribute to the low-rank (LR) structure destruction typically associated with statics-free densely sampled data, to provide accurate reconstruction. Because an LR approximation is used for statics estimation, we also use it in rank-minimization interpolation as a cost-free initial solution to the optimization problem. As statics estimation and interpolation operate in the midpoint-offset domain, we avoid the cost of transformations back and forth from the source-receiver to the midpoint-offset transform domain. Consequently, our reconstruction, which indicates its potential on synthetic and field data, also is computationally efficient.
Thoracic Radiotherapy Improves the Survival in Patients With
EGFR
-Mutated Oligo-Organ Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Phase III Trial
Authors: Sun Hongfu , Li Minghao , Huang Wei , Zhang Jian , Wei Shihong , Yang Yongjing , Wang Zhongtang , Ye Shucheng , Gong Heyi , Zhang Yaowen , Li Jie , Song Haixia , Wang Lifang , Chen Xiangming , Lin Haiqun , Ding Gaofeng , Li Hongwei , Zheng Anping , Ma Xuezhen , Chen ShaoShui , Liu Liping , Zhang Kaixian , Fu Chengrui , Liu Wenzhi , Wang Jing , Zhang Xiaqin , Liu Tingting , Han Dan , Zhao Qian , Wu Peipei , Yuan Qianqian , Tian LiJun , Zhang Ping , Wu Xueqin , Chen Fei , Zhang Zicheng , Li Baosheng
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE

This multicenter, randomized, phase III clinical trial (Northern Radiation Oncology Group of China-002) focused on patients with oligo-organ metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have epidermal growth factor receptor (
EGFR
) mutations. We aimed to investigate whether first-line concurrent thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), compared with TKIs alone, could achieve better survival.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The patients in the TKI plus TRT group received 60 Gy to primary lung tumor and positive regional lymph nodes. Radiotherapy for metastases to other sites was determined by clinicians. The primary end point was the progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The first and second interim analyses were performed in March 2021 and March 2022.

RESULTS

Between April 14, 2016, and February 25, 2022, a total of 118 patients were enrolled. Compared with the TKI alone group, the TKI plus TRT group achieved significantly better PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.57;
P
= .004) and OS (HR, 0.62;
P
= .029). The median PFS was 10.6 months in the TKI alone group and 17.1 months in the TKI plus TRT group. The median OS was 26.2 months and 34.4 months in the TKI alone group and TKI plus TRT group, respectively. The TKI plus TRT group showed better local control but was associated with a higher incidence of severe TRAEs (11.9%
v
5.1%).

CONCLUSION

For patients with
EGFR
-mutated oligo-organ metastatic NSCLC treated with first-line EGFR-TKIs, concurrent TRT improves the PFS and OS, and TRAEs are acceptable and tolerable.
Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of High-Risk, Recurrent, or Metastatic Endometrial Cancer That Is Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Low
Authors: van Dijk Dione , Vermij Lisa , León-Castillo Alicia , Powell Melanie , Jobsen Jan , Leary Alexandra , Bowes David , Mileshkin Linda , Genestie Catherine , Jürgenliemk-Schulz Ina , de Kroon Cor , Post Cathelijne , de Boer Stephanie , Nooij Linda , Kroep Judith , Creutzberg Carien , Smit Vincent , Horeweg Nanda , Bosse Tjalling , Westermann Anneke
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE

Recent success of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–targeted antibody-drug-conjugate trastuzumab-deruxtecan in HER2-low and HER2-positive tumors has sparked interest in examining the HER2 status of tumors not traditionally associated with HER2 amplification. Despite the increasing number of systemic treatment options, patients with advanced endometrial cancer (EC) still face a poor prognosis. This study evaluates HER2-low status in over 800 EC, correlating HER2 with both molecular and clinical features.

METHODS

HER2 status was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and dual in situ hybridization (DISH) on four studies of previously classified high-risk EC (PORTEC-3 and Medical Spectrum Twente cohort), recurrent or metastatic EC (DOMEC), and a primary stage IV cohort. EC was classified as HER2-negative (IHC 0), HER2-low (IHC 1+/2+ without amplification), or HER2-positive (IHC 3+ or DISH-confirmed amplification). Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the independence of any prognostic impact of HER2 status.

RESULTS

HER2 status was determined in 806 EC: 74.8% were HER2-negative, 17.2% HER2-low, and 7.9% HER2-positive. HER2-low was found across all molecular classes and histotypes. The highest rates of HER2-low and HER2-positive tumors were in recurrent or metastatic EC (35.6% and 15.6%), followed by primary stage IV EC (29.9% and 12.4%) and high-risk EC (14.2% and 6.8%). HER2 status had no independent prognostic value.

CONCLUSION

A quarter of high-risk, metastatic, or recurrent EC exhibited HER2 overexpression. The presence of HER2 overexpression in all clinical and molecular categories highlights the need for broad testing and offers treatment options for a wide range of patients.
Safety of In-hospital Parenteral Antiosteoporosis Therapy Following a Hip Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort
Authors: Abu-Jwead Alaa , Fisher David L , Goldabart Adi , Yoel Uri , Press Yan , Tsur Anat , Fraenkel Merav , Baraf Lior
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To assess the safety of zoledronic acid (ZOL) and denosumab (Dmab) administered following hip fracture in a hospital setting.

Methods

Patients older than 65 years were treated by a fracture liaison service following hip fracture. Generally, patients who had a glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 35 mL/min were treated with ZOL, whereas patients who had previously received bisphosphonates or had a eGFR between 20 and 35 mL/min were treated with Dmab. Adverse events included hypocalcemia (calcium corrected for albumin less than 8.5 mg/day), renal functional impairment (0.5 mg/dL or more increase in serum creatinine) within 30 days of treatment, or a fever (>38 °C) within 48 hours of drug administration.

Results

Two hundred twenty-eight and 134 patients were treated with ZOL and Dmab, respectively. Mean body temperature was elevated following ZOL administration (0.18 °C P < .001) but remained below 38 °C. Hypocalcemia occurred in 18% and 29% of the ZOL and Dmab groups, respectively (P = .009). Renal functional impairment was observed in 9 and 6 patients (4% and 5%) in the ZOL and Dmab groups, respectively (P = .8). Pretreatment calcium above 9.3 mg/dL was associated with a lower risk of posttreatment hypocalcemia (odds ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.13-0.68, P = .004). While the absolute risk of hypocalcemia was higher in the Dmab group, multivariate analysis did not find that the choice of drug was predictive of hypocalcemia.

Conclusion

In-hospital parenteral osteoporosis treatment was rarely associated with fever or renal function impairment but was associated with hypocalcemia. Posttreatment hypocalcemia risk did not vary significantly between patients receiving ZOL or Dmab.
The evolution of multicellularity and cell differentiation symposium: bridging evolutionary cell biology and computational modelling using emerging model systems
Authors: Ros-Rocher Núria
Published: October 2024

‘The evolution of multicellularity and cell differentiation’ symposium, organized as part of the EuroEvoDevo 2024 meeting on June 25-28th in Helsinki (Finland), addressed recent advances on the molecular and mechanistic basis for the evolution of multicellularity and cell differentiation in eukaryotes. The symposium involved over 100 participants and brought together 10 speakers at diverse career stages. Talks covered various topics at the interface of developmental biology, evolutionary cell biology, comparative genomics, computational biology, and ecology using animal, protist, algal and mathematical models. This symposium offered a unique opportunity for interdisciplinary dialog among researchers working on different systems, especially in promoting collaborations and aligning strategies for studying emerging model species. Moreover, it fostered opportunities to promote early career researchers in the field and opened discussions of ongoing work and unpublished results. In this Meeting Review, we aim to promote the research, capture the spirit of the meeting, and present key topics discussed within this dynamic, growing and open community.
C. elegans epicuticlins define specific compartments in the apical extracellular matrix and function in wound repair
Authors: Pooranachithra Murugesan , Jyo Erin M. , Brouilly Nicolas , Pujol Nathalie , Ernst Andreas M. , Chisholm Andrew D.
Published: October 2024

The apical extracellular matrix (aECM) of external epithelia often contains lipid-rich outer layers that contribute to permeability barrier function. The external aECM of nematodes is known as the cuticle and contains an external lipid-rich layer – the epicuticle. Epicuticlins are a family of tandem repeat cuticle proteins of unknown function. Here, we analyze the localization and function of the three C. elegans epicuticlins (EPIC proteins). EPIC-1 and EPIC-2 localize to the surface of the cuticle near the outer lipid layer, as well as to interfacial cuticles and adult-specific struts. EPIC-3 is expressed in dauer larvae and localizes to interfacial aECM in the buccal cavity. Skin wounding in the adult induces epic-3 expression, and EPIC proteins localize to wound sites. Null mutants lacking EPIC proteins are viable with reduced permeability barrier function and normal epicuticle lipid mobility. Loss of function in EPIC genes modifies the skin blistering phenotypes of Bli mutants and reduces survival after skin wounding. Our results suggest EPIC proteins define specific cortical compartments of the aECM and promote wound repair.
Optimized methods to image hepatic lipid droplets in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Khan Nouf , Mohd Salmi Talhah , Karamalakis Anthony P. , Ramdas Nair Anjana , Sadler Kirsten C. , Cox Andrew G.
Published: October 2024

The optical transparency of zebrafish larvae enables visualization of subcellular structures in intact organs, and these vertebrates are widely used to study lipid biology and liver disease. Lipid droplet (LD) presence is a prevalent feature of healthy cells, but, under conditions such as nutrient excess, toxicant exposure or metabolic imbalance, LD accumulation in hepatocytes can be a harbinger of more severe forms of liver disease. We undertook a comprehensive analysis of approaches useful to investigate LD distribution and dynamics in physiological and pathological conditions in the liver of zebrafish larvae. This comparative analysis of the lipid dyes Oil Red O, Nile Red, LipidTox and LipidSpot, as well as transgenic LD reporters that rely on EGFP fusions of the LD-decorating protein perilipin 2 (PLIN2), demonstrates the strengths and limitations of each approach. These protocols are amenable to detection methods ranging from low-resolution stereomicroscopy to confocal imaging, which enables measurements of hepatic LD size, number and dynamics at cellular resolution in live and fixed animals. This resource will benefit investigators studying LD biology in zebrafish disease models.
The lysosomal lipid transporter LIMP-2 is part of lysosome–ER STARD3-VAPB-dependent contact sites
Authors: Rudnik Sönke , Heybrock Saskia , Coyaud Etienne , Xu Zizhen , Neculai Dante , Raught Brian , Oorschot Viola , Heus Cecilia , Klumperman Judith , Saftig Paul
Published: October 2024

LIMP-2 (also known as SCARB2) is an abundant lysosomal membrane protein. Previous studies have shown that LIMP-2 functions as a virus receptor, a chaperone for lysosomal enzyme targeting and a lipid transporter. The large luminal domain of LIMP-2 contains a hydrophobic tunnel that enables transport of phospholipids, sphingosine and cholesterol from the lysosomal lumen to the membrane. The question about the fate of the lipids after LIMP-2-mediated transport is largely unexplored. To elucidate whether LIMP-2 is present at contact sites between lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we performed a proximity-based interaction screen. This revealed that LIMP-2 interacts with the endosomal protein STARD3 and the ER-resident protein VAPB. Using imaging and co-immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated colocalization and physical interaction between LIMP-2 and these proteins. Moreover, we found that interaction of LIMP-2 with VAPB required the presence of STARD3. Our findings suggest that LIMP-2 is present at ER–lysosome contact sites, possibly facilitating cholesterol transport from the lysosomal to the ER membrane. This suggests a novel mechanism for inter-organelle communication and lipid trafficking mediated by LIMP-2.
Figure Skating Musculoskeletal Injury: Evidence across Disciplines, Mechanisms, and Future Directions
Authors: Madsen Aimee , Alfonso Kathryn , Vincent Heather K.
Published: October 2024

This review provides a synopsis of current injury patterns, potential mechanisms, and off-ice exercise prevention considerations as the sport of figure skating evolves. The lifetime prevalence of injury for all skaters is estimated to be 79.5%, with the most common sites being spine and lower extremity. Singles skaters more often develop chronic injuries compared to acute (68.9% vs 31.1%), whereas non-singles skaters more often experience acute injuries. Lower limb stress fracture prevalence ranges from 10% to 21.4% across disciplines. Emerging contributors include training volume, technical difficulty and repetition of complex elements (multirotational jumps, lifts, holds), extreme ranges of movement about the spine and hip, age and experience level, and functional capacity (dynamic strength, flexibility, balance, and neuromotor control). Prevention programs in competitive figure skaters may include monitoring of training volumes, emphasis on technique, appropriate boot fit, and strength and conditioning content to prepare for increasing neuromotor, balance, and power demands of the sport.
Plasma glucose, HbA1c, insulin and lipid profile in Sudanese type 2 diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease: a case control study
Authors: Abdallah Salsabbil Idris , Abubaker Nuha Eljailli , Ibrahim Mariam Abbas , Abd Alla Ahmed , Humaida Rami Adam
Published: October 2024

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its consequences are a serious global public health issue. By 2030, the number of people with type 2 diabetes is predicted to reach 439 million. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the plasma levels of glucose, HbA1c, insulin, and lipid profile in Sudanese T2DM patients. Methods: This case control study included 165 Sudanese patients with diabetic type 2 and a cardiovascular condition as cases and 165 diabetic type 2 volunteers without a cardiovascular disorder as controls. The concentrations of plasma glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profile were assessed using a Mindray BS-480 auto-chemistry analyzer, and insulin was analyzed using a Cobase 411 auto analyzer. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tools for social science computer programs (SPSS version 21). Results: According to the findings, (59.4%) of patients between the ages of (50-69). Females made up 50.9%. (38.2%) of patients had an illness duration of between (8-15 years). (41.8%) of individuals did not have hypertension. There was a substantial rise in BMI, FBG, HbA1c, HDL-C, and insulin among diabetics with cardiovascular disease compared to diabetics without cardiovascular disease (p-value = 0.001, 0.000, 0.018, and 0.000). Females had significantly higher blood TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and BMI than males (p-values = 0.000, 0,001, and 0.000, respectively). There were significant positive correlation between FBS, HBA1c, insulin and duration of disease (r=0.155, p, value=0.005) (r=0.160, p, value=0.004)(r=0.103, p. value=0.061)respectively, while there were significant negative correlation between TC, TG,LDL-C, HDL-C and duration of disease (r=-0.152, p, value= 0.006)(r=-0.023, p, value=0.678)(r=-0.113, p, value= 0.040)(r=-0.145, p, value=0.008)respectively. Conclusion: When comparing diabetics with cardiovascular disease to diabetics without cardiovascular disease, there was a substantial rise in BMI, FBG, HbA1c, HDL-C, and insulin. FBS, HBA1c, insulin, and illness duration all had a strong positive connection.
Reporting of angiographic studies in patients diagnosed with a cerebral arteriovenous malformation: a systematic review
Authors: Das Suparna , Kasher Paul , Waqar Mueez , Parry-Jones Adrian , Patel Hiren
Published: October 2024

A cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM) is an abnormal tangle of cerebral blood vessels. The consensus document by the Joint Writing Group (JWG) highlighted which cAVM features should be recorded. Subsequent publications have reported cAVM angioarchitecture, but it is unknown if all followed the JWG recommendations. The aim of this systematic review was to describe use of the JWG guidelines. A database search, using the PRISMA checklist, was performed. We describe the proportion of publications that used JWG reporting standards, which standards were used, whether the definitions used differed from the JWG, or if any additional angiographic features were reported. Out of 4306 articles identified, 105 were selected, and a further 114 from other sources. Thirty-three studies (33/219; 15%) specifically referred to using JWG standards. Since the JWG publication, few studies have used their standards to report cAVMs. This implies that the angioarchitecture of cAVMs are not routinely fully described.
Experience of observation skill workshop intervention for ophthalmologists in fellowship training
Authors: Snigdha Snigdha , Pathengay Avinash , Patel Anamika , Pandey Shefali , Mocherla Shobha , Prakasam Ruby Kala
Published: October 2024

Background To gauge the impact of an interventional workshop conducted to measure the observation skills of 34 postgraduates during induction into an ophthalmology fellowship. Methods A seven-hour workshop was conducted with the ophthalmology trainees. Trainees from the 2022 batch of ophthalmology fellowships (21 females and 13 males) were included in the study. The pre-workshop assessment comprised two non-clinical images to spot the difference and five clinical images from various subspecialties of ophthalmology. This was followed by workshop and Post workshop assessment. The pre- and post-observation grades of participants were then compared by masked ophthalmologists. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare scores at two time points, with a p-value < 0.05 for statistical significance. Results Statistical analysis revealed that the observation skill score was significantly higher after the workshop intervention (Md = 4.00, n = 34) compared to the pre-workshop score (Md = 1.85, n = 34), p-value = 0.000. Conclusions Workshops on specific/selected foundational skills, such as observation skills and communication skills, must be integrated into the curricula of basic medical degree and specialty medicine to equip medical professionals with attentive observation and deep learning.
Angiographic Outcomes in STEMI Patients: Evaluating Pre-dilatation and Thrombus Aspiration Effects
Authors: V Rekha , Guddattu Vasudeva , Rao Sudhakar , Nayak Krishnananda , Prabhu Ms. Sridevi , R Padmakumar
Published: October 2024

Introduction ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) poses significant challenges in cardiovascular care, necessitating rapid and effective reperfusion strategies. The present study assesses the angiographic outcomes of pre-dilatation and thrombus aspiration (PD+TA) versus conventional treatment without thrombus aspiration (NOTA) in patients undergoing PPCI for STEMI. Methods This prospective cohort study included a total of 155 patients, with 78 assigned to the PD+TA group and 77 to the NOTA group. Baseline demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and angiographic assessments including TIMI flow, TMPG flow, corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC), ST segment changes, and ejection fraction were compared between the groups. Results The PD+TA group exhibited significantly lower systolic (p-value: 0.021) and diastolic blood pressures (p-value: 0.046), better glucose control (p-value: 0.015), and a more pronounced reduction in ST segment elevation (p-value: 0.027) compared to the NOTA group. Although ejection fraction at presentation was similar between groups, the PD+TA group (52.29±8.80%) demonstrated a statistically significant improvement at one-month follow-up from NOTA (49.14±8.20%). TIMI 3 and TMPG 3 flow rates were comparable between groups before and after drug administration, with significant improvements in CTFC observed in the PD+TA group. Conclusion Pre-dilatation and TA during PPCI for STEMI patients may lead to improved acute angiographic outcomes, including enhanced myocardial reperfusion and reduced ischemic burden. The significant improvement in ejection fraction at one-month follow-up further supports the potential benefits of PD+TA in cardiac function recovery. Larger studies with longer-term follow-up are needed to validate these findings and determine the broader clinical implications of TA in STEMI management. Clinical trial registration: CTRI/2019/02/017520, 7th February 2019, https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?EncHid=Mjk5Mjc=&Enc=&userName=CTRI/2019/02/017520
Case Report: A rare case of septic pulmonary embolism from a focus of soft tissue infection: A case report
Authors: Dagnachew Abebe Abenezer , Zerihun Zewdie Atiklet , Kebede Adugna Mihret , Bahru Wodajeneh Henok , Alemayehu Workiye Muluken , Yalew Talemma Eyerusalem , Lemma Teshome Eyosias , Tesfaye Bedada Ashenafi , Guadie Mamo Ayanaw , Gedey Gebregziahber Frewoyni
Published: October 2024

This is a case of septic pulmonary embolism in a patient presented with a right foot ulcer as foci of infection. A Septic Pulmonary embolism is a thromboembolic event in which case an infected thrombus from an infectious focus; distal to the lung vasculature travels through the lung and results in occlusive, inflammatory and infectious insult to the lung. Clinically it may present as mild respiratory symptoms such as cough, fever or more severe symptoms such as shortness of breath (SOB), hemoptysis, pleuritic chest pain or difficulty breathing1; on computed tomography (CT) imaging, cavitary or non-cavitary peripheral nodules with or without feeding vessel, consolidation and Pleural effusion are prominent findings.2 In this case report, we present a rare case of septic pulmonary emboli from a foci of soft tissue infection.
Expression of microRNA-21 in acute ischemic stroke: relationship with inflammatory cytokines, clinical severity, and clinical outcome
Authors: Bahar Ashari , Akbar Muhammad , Bintang Andi Kurnia , Massi Muhammad Nasrum , Ladju Rusdina Bte , Bukhari Agussalim , Tammasse Jumraini , Halim Wijoyo , Soraya Gita Vita , Satriotomo Irawan
Published: October 2024

Background When the brain is deprived of oxygen and nutrients due to stenosis or arterial rupture, neurons in the affected area suffer irreversible damage and cellular death. MicroRNA has been shown to regulate target genes implicated in arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus, all of which influence the risk of ischemic stroke through inflammation, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. The study aims to determine the changes in miRNA expression, namely miRNA-21, between acute ischemic stroke patients and controls and their relationship to proinflammatory cytokines, clinical severity, and outcome. Methods Serum samples from tertiary hospitals and controls were used to evaluate miRNA-21 expression as well as cytokines TNF-α, IL-10, ICAM-1, and CCL5 levels within 7 days of stroke onset. The 30-day clinical severity and outcome were assessed using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS), respectively. Result A total of 64 acute ischemic stroke patients and 22 age-matched controls were recruited, with median ages of 56 and 55.5 years old, respectively. There were more male subjects than females (35 to 29). A statistically significant difference was observed in miRNA-21 expression between patients and controls (p<0.001). This finding implies that miRNA-21 expression may have a contribution in acute stroke patients. This was followed by an increase in proinflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-10, ICAM-1, and CCL5. However, no association was found between miRNA-21 and any pro-inflammatory cytokine. There was no significant correlation between miRNA-21 or cytokines markers with clinical severity or prognosis. Conclusion Our study demonstrated increased miRNA-21 expression and proinflammatory cytokine expression in acute ischemic stroke patients relative to controls. However, this was not related to clinical severity or clinical outcomes.
Micro-loans, macro-impacts: Examining the reverberating gains for Habru Woreda’s small-scale agrarian households.
Authors: Jejaw Awoke Agerwork , Belaye Tefera Abate , Maru Ayinewa Yigermal
Published: October 2024

Background Most people in third-world countries are impoverished and rely on small-holder farming as a source of income. Due to a lack of working capital to diversify their sources of income and acquire new sources, farmers are highly dependent on financial institutions to access microcredit. Method This study utilized logistic regression and propensity score matching methods to analyze the primary data collected from a sample of 385 household heads. Results The Estimation results of the study shows that Gender, age, family size, and education, access to irrigation, extension services, dependency ratio, and distance to credit sources were among the significant determinants of access to microcredit service. Conclusion Although microcredit led to an increase in household spending, real asset holdings did not improve. In addition to the need for supplementary interventions like financial literacy training and asset-building programs to encourage asset accumulation among these small-scale agrarian households, high interest rates and repayment burdens are blamed for this uneven result.
Justice-centered best practices for accessibility to public buildings in a tier II city: Insights from a Delphi expert consensus
Authors: Mohapatra Sidhiprada , Maiya G Arun , U Nayak Ullas , Sheelvant Rashmi , J Vennila , Watson Joanne , Nandineni Rama Devi
Published: October 2024

Background Despite beneficial progress in policies, awareness and advocacy, accessibility gaps exist in public buildings in India. Challenges achieving full inclusivity still exist, due to a lack of clear guidance for implementing accessible solutions. Retrofitting older buildings, particularly in developing tier II cities is a major challenge. The authors of this paper aimed to address this issue using a four-round Delphi method to generate a Justice-Centered Best Practices (JCBPs) for accessibility provisions for individuals with mobility disabilities. Methods Conducted in Udupi, the study involved experts including administrators, policy implementers, auditors, advocates, healthcare professionals, individuals with disabilities and their caregivers. In the first round, a 117-item list was generated through triangulation of three methods. In subsequent rounds, experts rated each item using a 5-point Likert scale on feasibility, affordability and priority. Responses were considered valid if the agreement reached ≥80% on the total score. The prioritised list of JCBPs was finalised at a consensus meeting. Results Out of forty-eight experts who began the study, 16 participated in the final meeting. The Wilcoxon signed rank test (p value>0.05) of expert ranking indicated that the scoring of items remained consistent between the two rounds. A machine learning decision tree analysis identified items securing ≥ 80% agreement as the most reliable decision with an accuracy=71.43%. The McNemar’s Test p value=0.79 confirmed consistency of expert scoring on the items with high agreement rates. Conclusion Finally, 33 built and non-built environment items scored highest rank. Stakeholder engagement, use of low-cost technology solutions, coordination between public administrations, funding, good governance practice, awareness, and advocacy were few of the solutions that can help ensure accessibility is in place for individuals with mobility disabilities. The study methodology and findings create a robust foundation for evidence-based JCBPs for accessibility provisions for individuals with mobility disabilities.
What aspects of outcome measurement instruments are important to parents and caregivers in child health trials: Survey protocol
Authors: Duffy Moira , Looney Eibhlin , Dutch Dimity , Johnson Brittany , Kelly Laoise , Porter Lucy , Redsell Sarah , Matvienko-Sikar Karen
Published: October 2024

Background Trials of interventions to prevent illness and/or improve health outcomes in children play a crucial role in the advancement of paediatric healthcare, research, and policy. It is important for researchers and trialists involved in such trials to understand factors which are important to parents/caregivers when deciding to participate and provide data about their child. There is little evidence to date surrounding the impact of outcome measurement instruments (OMIs) on parents/caregivers’ decisions about participation and provision of data in trials. The aim of this project is to examine what characteristics of OMIs are important in parents/caregivers’ decisions to engage with and participate in trials of interventions to prevent childhood illness and/or improve child health outcomes. Methods An online cross-sectional survey is being conducted. Survey recruitment began July 2024 and will be completed in October 2024. Parents/caregivers are eligible to participate if they have at least one child up to 12 years of age; there are no restrictions based on factors such as gender or nationality. Survey participants are being recruited using convenience sampling via social media, parenting websites, and online forums. This survey includes questions about parents/caregivers’ preferences for how, when, where, and with whom data is collected in child health research, as well as the types of OMIs parents/caregivers would be most comfortable using. Data will be analysed using descriptive statistics. Conclusions Findings from this study will address the current gap in knowledge related to preferences of parents/caregivers in how data are collected in trials of interventions to improve health outcomes in children. Study findings will inform trialists in the design and conduct of child health research in the future. Implementation of study findings in future trials can also improve experiences of children and their caregivers engaged in research and enhance the quality and quantity of data being collected.
Comparative study on scenarios for rotating gantry mechanical structures
Authors: Piacentini Luca , Dassa Luca , Perini Diego , Ratkus Andris , Torims Toms , Uberti Stefano , Vilcans Janis , Vretenar Maurizio
Published: October 2024

Background This paper outlines a comparative study on scenarios of gantries mechanical design for ion-therapy of cancer, which is a crucial step toward the development of the next ion medical machine. Methods Multiple scenarios were considered based on robustness of the design, size, weight and complexity, deformation and precision performances and costs, as well as environmental impact. Four prospective scenarios were identified, each of them capable of providing beam to at least 220°around the patient. One scenario is capable of providing treatment angles of 360°. This report will describe the unified methodology performed during the study in order to achieve unbiased results in a comprehensive manner. Results Results show that in statically balanced scenarios, considerable improvements can be reached in terms of safety, deformation, precision performances, complexity and costs of implementation. Conclusions All scenarios are deemed suitable for further gantry design development.