bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Childhood Trauma as a Possible Antecedent of Transliminality
Authors: Thalbourne Michael A. , Houran James , Crawley Susan E.
Published: August 2011

Previous theoretical and empirical work leads to a prediction that the developmental sequelae of childhood trauma may be risk factors in the development of transliminality. 106 undergraduate students completed the Revised Transliminality Scale and the Survey of Traumatic Childhood Events. In support of the prediction, scores on the Revised Transliminality Scale correlated .39 ( p < .001) with the total scores on the index of childhood trauma. Follow-up analyses suggested that various sorts of childhood trauma could be interpreted for this group as related to transliminality: having one's house destroyed, robbed, or vandalized; being struck by someone within or outside the family; being yelled and screamed at by a caregiver; witnessing the physical abuse of a parent; and sexual abuse. Longitudinal study is required to sharpen evidence.
Validation of Multigenerational Interconnectedness Scale among Arab Adolescents
Authors: Dwairy Marwan
Published: August 2011

This study intends to validate the Multigenerational Interconnectedness Scale among Arab adolescents. The Arabic version of the scale was administered to 224 male and 294 female Arab students in Grades 10 and 12. Principal factor analysis with a priori three factors and varimax rotation was conducted. This showed good convergence of the items into three subscales: Emotional, Financial, and Functional. Coefficient alpha was .80, indicating good internal consistency. Adolescent girls scored significantly higher on Connectedness to their families than the boys. Given the restricted age range, the effect of age was not significant. Further validation studies are needed with an external criterion for construct validity and a larger sample to cover the older age range of adolescence.
Marijuana Use and Tridimensional Personality Traits among College Students: A Response to Hale, Whiteman, Muehl, and Faynberg
Authors: Vaughn Michael G. , Howard Matthew O.
Published: August 2011

Two important issues relevant to Hale, et al.'s 2003 study of temperament and self-reported marijuana use among college students are discussed. First, given the substantial heterogeneity within marijuana-using subject populations, it is key that studies of marijuana users' temperamental traits fully characterize such use across dimensions such as age of onset, quantity and frequency of lifetime, annual, and current use, and related social and health problems. Second, investigations should carefully address issues relating to the temporal ordering of marijuana use and temperamental traits such as novelty seeking and task persistence. Hale, et al., for example, were unable to determine whether self-reported marijuana use contributed to low scores on Persistence (as assessed by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire) or was a consequence of low Persistence, or both. Longitudinal studies of diverse populations of marijuana users who are carefully characterized with regard to substance use, comorbid psychiatric conditions, and temperamental traits will substantially increase understanding of the role of temperament and personality in the etiology of marijuana abuse and dependence.
Addendum to P. L. Baldi (1998)
Authors: Baldi Pier Luigi
Published: August 2011

The aim of this follow-up study was to evaluate the persistence of the memorization strategies of 65 mentally retarded adolescents ( M IQ of 53). Mean correct recall was best for drawings for which semantic elaboration was suitable for both immediate and 1-hr. recall.
Associations of Family Support, Resiliency, and Depression Symptoms among Indigent Teens Attending a Family Planning Clinic
Authors: Weinman Maxine L. , Smith Peggy B. , Buzi Ruth , Mumford David M.
Published: August 2011

The goal of this study was to examine the effect of resiliency and family support on depression symptoms among 110 indigent adolescents attending a family planning clinic in a large urban city in southwestern USA. Findings suggested that several of the resiliency domains, on the Individual Protective Factors Index, as well as family support measured by the Family Support Scale, were associated with depression symptoms. Scores on the self-concept and positive outlook dimensions of the Personal Competence domain, the confidence and assertiveness dimensions of the Social Competence domain, and family support correlated with depression symptoms. The findings also suggested that 16.4% of the teens in this clinic would be classified as clinically depressed and as needing further evaluation. It seems reasonable to conclude that resilient adolescents may possess characteristics, beliefs, and supports which enable them to cope with life stressors more effectively and avoid depressive symptoms than those who are not as resilient. Given the prevalence and extent of depression among adolescents, it is important to develop interventions to foster attachment and enhance individual protective factors in primary prevention programs as such interventions may ameliorate the effects of high-risk environments.
Advances in Measurement of Global Risk Indicators in Lives of Court-Involved Youth: Brief Evidence for Concurrent Validity
Authors: Gavazzi Stephen M. , Lim Ji-Young
Published: August 2011

The present study reports data on the concurrent validity for the Global Risk Assessment Device, a measure of global risk indicators for a sample of 37 families of adolescents who participated in a family-based program designed to divert youth out of the justice system. Significant correlations among three domains of risk (family/parenting, substance use, and personality/behavior problems) and other measures generated preliminary evidence for concurrent validity of this global risk measure.
Effects of Seating Positions on Heart Rates, State Anxiety, and Estimated Interview Duration in Interview Situations
Authors: Osato Eiko , Ogawa Nobuya
Published: August 2011

This study examined the effects of three seating positions, face-to-face, side-by-side, at right-angles, on participants' heart rates, anxiety, and estimated duration of interview. The subjects were 84 students in a women's junior college who were divided into two groups, classmates and nonclassmates. The experiment used the three seating positions in each of the two groups during the interviews. Heart rates, anxiety scores, and estimated duration of interview were measured. There was a significant effect in different seating positions on the heart rates among the participants. The results suggest that the face-to-face seating produces increased arousal compared to the side-by-side and right-angled seating positions. However, this arousal seems to be more important among classmates than nonclassmates. The results and implications are discussed.
Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Employability for Internship Curriculum
Authors: Maynard Michael L.
Published: August 2011

Emotional Intelligence dimensions of motivation as well as social and communication skills were associated with perceived entry-level employability. Feedback from internship hosts was the measure of association for 77 college juniors or seniors between the ages of 18 and 22 (49 women, 28 men), enrolled in a one-semester communications internship. Chi squared supported the hypothesis that interns scoring high on emotional intelligence are more likely to be considered for employment by the internship host than those scoring low. Given replication of this work applications for an internship curriculum can be identified.
Molestations by Homosexual Foster Parents: Newspaper Accounts vs Official Records
Authors: Cameron Paul
Published: August 2011

To assess whether a systematic tally of newspaper accounts reflect official foster-parent molestation a review of 6,444 news stories on Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe from 1989 through 2002 about child molestation yielded 33 stories involving foster parents. Of the 25 foster-parent perpetrators, at least 15 (60%) engaged in homosexuality In Illinois 1997–2002, 92 (34%) of 270 foster- or adoptive-parent perpetrators who engaged in “substantiated” sexual abuse homosexually abused their charges. These findings suggest that the proportion of homosexual perpetrators in a systematic tally of newspaper stories is similar to the proportion of homosexual perpetrators in datasets from large entities and put in question the current policy of utilizing homosexuals as foster and adoptive parents.
Phenomenological Contributions to Understanding Hypnosis: Review of the Literature
Authors: Woodard Fredrick
Published: August 2011

This article provides a summary of the available qualitative literature on hypnosis of importance to empirical study of hypnosis. The author advocates a link between phenomenological research and the qualitative research of perceptual theory to deepen an understanding of hypnosis previously missing in the research literature and in debates on the theoretical approaches to hypnosis. The author suggests linking Giorgi's and Wasicsko's research methodologies to advance qualitative research. Researchers could conduct more qualitative research on the experience of hypnosis to expand and explicate subjective experiencing and enhance exploration of individual differences that cannot be captured in artificially controlled environments.
Relation between Employees' Religiosity and Job Involvement
Authors: Knotts Tami L.
Published: August 2011

While it has been argued that religion influences the meaning of work, few studies have empirically examined how employees' religiosity and job attitudes relate to one another. Specifically, this study investigated the relations among three religious orientations (intrinsic, extrinsic-personal, and extrinsic-social) and job involvement for 100 employees of a rehabilitation hospital in the southern United States. The respondents completed the 1989 Intrinsic/Extrinsic–Revised Scale and the 6-item version of the 1965 Job Involvement Scale. Correlation indicated a negative association between Intrinsic Religiosity and Job Involvement ( r = –.26, p < .05) and a positive one between Extrinsic-personal and Job Involvement ( r = .23, p < .05) for the total sample. When separated by religious affiliation, regression analyses indicated a significant positive relationship between scores on Extrinsic-personal Religiosity and in Job Involvement for Protestants ( B = .32, p < .01), but Intrinsic Religiosity was significantly negatively related to Job Involvement for non-Protestants ( B = –.35, p < .05). No relation was found between scores on Extrinsic-social Religiosity and Job Involvement for either group. These results suggest that employees' religiosity may influence work values in different ways for Protestant and non-Protestant workers.
Age and Sex Differences in Self-Esteem among Spanish Adolescents
Authors: Fernández María Lameiras , Castro Yolanda Rodríguez
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relation of self-esteem with sex and age for 660 Spanish students (400 secondary school students, 260 university students, age range 12 to 28 years), who responded to the Rosenberg Self-esteem scale. Analysis indicated no sex differences in general self-esteem, but there were differences with respect to age. Persons 12 to 16 years old had lower self-esteem than others between the ages of 17 and 28 years.
Cell Phones, Clothing, and Sex: First Impressions of Power using Older African Americans as Stimuli
Authors: Ross Allison , Barker Kathleen
Published: August 2011

Sex, material possessions, and race have long been associated with prestige or status in American society, yet little research has examined this idea. Little is known about the effect of cell phones on first impressions. In a 2 (cell phone: present, absent) × 2 (clothing: jacket, no jacket) × 2 (sex) between-subjects design, 160 women from a predominantly Black college rated stimuli of older, African Americans on 15 items measuring perceived power on three power subscales: expert, legitimate, and coercive. Multivariate analysis of variance showed a 3-way interaction for clothing, cell phone, and sex of stimulus person.
Exploring the Dimensionality of the Originality Subscale of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory
Authors: Im Subin , Hu Michael Y. , Toh Rex S.
Published: August 2011

The Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory, which is a widely used measure of innovative (as opposed to adaptive) cognitive individual style, is believed to have three dimensions: Sufficiency of Originality, Efficiency, and Rule/Group Conformity. Several studies have raised concerns regarding its construct validity, specifically with respect to the Sufficiency of Originality subscale. Within this subscale, exploratory factor analysis identified two distinct subdimensions, Idea Generation and Preference for Change. In this study, we used a sample of 356 household participants (with an average age of 56 yr., average income of $39,700, and average of 15 yr. of education) from the Arkansas Household Research Panel. We then employed Bollen and Grandjean's approach based on confirmatory factor analysis to assess whether there are actually two distinct subdimensions instead of one. Our study shows that within the Sufficiency of Originality subscale, there are indeed two distinct subdimensions, Idea Generation and Preference for Change. Further analyses indicate that dropping double-loaded items identified through exploratory factor analysis significantly improves the fit statistics. Also, allowing correlated errors for the measurement items that belong to the same subdimension can also significantly improve the overall fit of the model based on chi-square statistics.
Respiration-Related Artifacts in EDA Recordings: Introducing a Standardized Method to Overcome Multiple Interpretations
Authors: Schneider Rainer , Schmidt Stefan , Binder Markus , Schäfer Florian , Walach Harald
Published: August 2011

When electrodermal activity (EDA) recordings are controlled for artifacts, i.e., electrodermal reactions [EDRs] elicited by breathing irregularities, several problems arise. For example, respiration is difficult to evaluate because there are no clear-cut criteria for its values, e.g., wave form, depth. Furthermore, respiration and EDA are rather complexly intertwined, and there is no established or standardized method for evaluation. Especially when subjects are not stimulated, i.e., when nonspecific EDRs are taken, EDR recordings elicited by irregular breathing may overestimate the subject's arousal and bias any given research question. Moreover, incidences of concurrent consecutive EDRs and changes in respiratory activity may encourage multicausal interpretation due to both signals' having a common central causation. To circumvent such problems, we developed a method which provides rule-based guidelines to identify potential artifacts. Two experiments ( N = 14 and N = 12) were conducted to test the accuracy of the judgments of three independent raters. The reliability coefficients for the number of electrodermal reactions and the sum of their amplitudes yielded satisfactory coefficients of convergence for each individual experiment (.87 and .82 in Exp. 1 vs .94 and .95 in Exp. 2) as well as for the two experiments combined (.92 and .91).
National Character and Internet Use
Authors: Yang Bijou , Lester David
Published: August 2011

Measures of extraversion and neuroticism for 18 industrialized nations were associated with Internet use.
Cognitive Styles in Creative Leadership Practices: Exploring the Relationship between Level and Style
Authors: Isaksen Scott G. , Babij Barbara J. , Lauer Kenneth J.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the relationship between two measures used to assist change and transformation efforts, the Kirton Adaption–Innovation Inventory which assesses style or manner of cognition and problem-solving, not level or capability, and the Leadership Practices Inventory which measures the extent to which leaders exhibit certain leadership behaviors associated with accomplishing extraordinary results. These two measures of level and style should be conceptually distinct and show no or only modest correlation. Analysis yielded statistically significant and meaningful relationships between scores on the Kirton inventory and two scales of the Leadership Practices Inventory. Implications and challenges for research and practice were outlined.
Hobfoll's Strategic Approach to Coping: Reliability and Validity of the Italian Adaptation
Authors: Comunian Anna Laura
Published: August 2011

A brief review of Hobfoll's Conservation of Resources theory is given, and the Italian adaptation of a measurement, based on this theory, the Strategic Approach to Coping Scale, is presented. The scale is useful measure to assess stress and coping conceptualized to identify coping styles. The investigation used a sample of Italian people (N = 251, 18 to 25 years of age). Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the validity of the scale. Data on the Italian adaptation are discussed.
Examination Stress, Salivary Cortisol, and Academic Performance
Authors: Ng Vivian , Koh David , Chia Sin-Eng
Published: August 2011

Immediately before and after participation in a written final examination, 11 graduate students rated their self-perceived stress and provided saliva samples for cortisol assay. Students rated stress higher before the examination, and these ratings were associated with increased salivary cortisol. Students who reported higher stress and had higher cortisol levels before the examination tended to have significantly lower examination scores.
Homosexual Parents in Custody Disputes: A Thousand Child-Years Exposure
Authors: Cameron Paul , Harris David W.
Published: August 2011

Through 1998, 78 custody appeal decisions involving 79 homosexual parents were evaluated. The 142 children involved in these cases were exposed to a thousand child-years of homosexual parenting. In appeals records (a) parents recorded as lying or engaging in criminality or homosexuality were more apt to be recorded as harming children; (b) homosexuals more frequently were recorded as lying or engaging in criminality; (c) in 54 (70%) disputes the homosexual parent or his associates and in 4 (5%) the heterosexual parent was recorded as having exposed the children to harm(s), e.g., neglect, seduction; and (d) homosexuals were responsible for 111 (97%) of the 115 recorded harms to children. For 78 nonhomosexual vs nonhomosexual control cases, in 11 (14%) the 141 children were exposed to 12 harms.
Themes Observed in Early Qur'Anic Material: A Brief Commentary on Michael Sells' Text, Approaching the Qur'An
Authors: Schumm Walter R.
Published: August 2011

In 1999 Sells described and explained the early revelations to Muhammad in the Qur'an. Those revelations are analyzed for thematic content, primarily to stimulate student discussion in classes using Sells' text. Four primary themes are discussed; the theme most frequently cited is the Day of Reckoning or Judgment. Living a righteous life, being aware that unbelievers may prosper for a time, and remembering God are also mentioned very often. Issues for students using Sells' text in university classes are discussed. The possibility of considering Jesus as a type of Karim (Islamic generous folk hero) is considered.
Action Models and Verbal Descriptions in Object Representations Given through Gestures by Preschool Children
Authors: Mizuguchi Takashi
Published: August 2011

Previous research suggests that young children have difficulty producing pantomimic gestures with imagined objects for which no substitute objects are presented. They frequently substitute specific body parts to represent the object through gestures involved in the action. This study examined whether adults' verbal descriptions or symbolic action models help to produce an imaginary-object gestural response. 53 children (26 4-yr.-olds, and 27 5-yr.-olds) performed gestural tasks in which they were asked to pretend to use common objects, e.g., “pretend to brush your teeth with a toothbrush.” They were then given verbal descriptions or action models to perform those same tasks. Analysis indicated that providing verbal descriptions and action models helps to produce an imaginary-object response in 4- and 5-yr.-old children. Action models proved more effective than verbal descriptions among 4-yr.-old children. Results are discussed indicating that each verbal description and action model could be influenced by different mechanisms underlying preschool children's symbol production.
Anticipating the Correct Matching Response in a Second-Order Matching-to-Sample Task
Authors: Ribes-Iñesta Emilio , Rodríguez María Elena , Fuentes M. Teresa
Published: August 2011

A study was designed to evaluate the effects of anticipating the matching response on acquisition and transfer of a second-order matching-to-sample task. 40 college students of both sexes were assigned to different anticipation procedures that involved several verbal descriptions of the correct response, as well as others not involving explicit descriptions. All subjects were exposed to a pretest, two training blocks, two transfer test blocks, and a posttest. Anticipation procedures were evaluated during the first training block using an observational training procedure, except for 8 subjects, who were exposed to two training control procedures. Analysis showed acquisition and transfer of successful matching seems to depend on a verbal discrimination of the matching criterion exemplified by second-order stimuli. This discrimination was facilitated by prior conditions, as when subjects showed correct matching performance at pretest or was established with anticipation procedures that required explicit reading of verbal descriptions of the response choice.
Regulation of Emotional Security by Children after Entry to Special and Regular Kindergarten Classes
Authors: Koomen Helma M. Y. , Hoeksma Jan B.
Published: August 2011

In this paper early adaptation after children's entry to kindergarten is conceptualized as a process of achieving emotional security. It was hypothesized that children adapt to school by means of security seeking from the teacher and behavioral inhibition. 30 normal children from regular classes and 36 children with a variety of problems, e.g., behavioral, emotional, and family problems, from special classes were rated by their teachers on the Inhibition Scale and Security Seeking Scale on 5 occasions during the first 3 mo. at school. By the end of this period teachers judged the intensity of behavior problems on the Internalizing Problem Scale and the Externalizing Problem Scale. Analysis showed that initial high scores on the Security Seeking Scale and Inhibition Scale decreased sharply during the first weeks, and that children from special classes scored consistently higher on the Security Seeking Scale and more variable on the Inhibition Scale than children from regular classes. Girls had higher scores than boys on both scales. Recent stress in the family as rated by the teacher was positively related to both scores on the Inhibition and Security Seeking Scales after entry. Finally, scores on the Security Seeking and Inhibition Scales over the first three months predicted scores on the Internalizing Problem Scale by the end of this period, especially for children in special classes. We conclude that understanding adaptation after school entry as a process of obtaining emotional security is productive, providing a means to link entry behavior to precursors and consequences.
Stigma in School
Authors: Bittnerová Dana , Doubek David , Levínská Markéta
Published: August 2011

Stigma ve škole
Poetry Through Soul
Authors: Clark Trevor
Published: August 2011

Trevor Clark usually works as a bulk fuel truck driver. He has a passion for poetry, writing and guitar playing which he uses as a sounding board for reflective learning and development. He also believes that supportive family and friends are critical to maintaining his well-being. Sustaining recovery is a reality Trevor deals with every day and believes patients who embrace their condition fully can direct their recovery and maintain positive mental health for themselves and those involved in their lives. Currently, Trevor is working on his first novel while he recovers from physical injuries incurred on his quest for autonomy and place. Managing his mental health is of paramount importance to Trevor and even though this may be trying at times, he lives and works happily with his condition.
Action Research Informing the Development of a Conceptual Model of Care and Service Delivery to Populations of Interest in Rural and Remote Communities
Authors: Petrie Eileen
Published: August 2011

Objectives: This paper aims to identify and respond to workplace stress and related issues in a rural community mental health team.

Method: Action research (AR) underpinned this study and facilitated change in practice through four distinctive completed AR cycles with data analysis proceeding alongside data collection. Theories were articulated and explored and resulted in the development of a new model of praxis.

Conclusions: A new model of praxis was developed which should contribute to both positive patient outcomes and improved staff occupational safety and wellness. Based on this, three clinical nursing tools were developed and implemented into practice.
Reaching the Hard-To-Reach: How Information Communication Technologies Can Reach Young People at Greater Risk of Mental Health Difficulties
Authors: Stephens-Reicher Justine , Metcalf Atari , Blanchard Michelle , Mangan Cheryl , Burns Jane
Published: August 2011

Objective: Inspire and partners have built an evidence base examining the role technology can play in supporting the mental health and wellbeing of young people at increased risk of developing mental health difficulties. This paper explores these findings collectively and considers how to best use information communication technologies (ICT) to meet the mental health needs of diverse young people aged 14–25.

Conclusions: ICT offers relevant and innovative strategies for young people at increased risk of developing mental health difficulties. Whilst many young people experience social isolation and stigma, the manifestation of these issues and the strategies required to address them vary. ICT-based programs will benefit from identifying which protective factors can be most positively influenced through the unique properties of ICT, amongst whom and how. Challenges to ICT-based health services include inadequate access and training, lower literacy levels and the need for specialized technologies for people with disabilities.
Cultural Awareness in Veterinary Practice: Student Perceptions
Authors: Mills Jennifer N. , Volet Simone , Fozdar Farida
Published: August 2011

Australian veterinary classrooms are increasingly diverse and their growing internal diversity is a result of migration and large numbers of international students. Graduates interact with other students and increasingly with clients whose attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors differ from their own. An understanding and respect for these differences has an impact on client communication and health care outcomes. The present study explored how students understand and are likely to deal with issues of cultural diversity in veterinary professional practice as well as the educational needs that students feel should be met in regard to preparation to engage productively with diversity in professional practice. The present study also explored the extent to which the rich diversity of the undergraduate student population constitutes an educational resource. A class of final-year veterinary students was invited to participate in a workshop exploring intercultural confidence in veterinary consultation. Twelve groups of six to eight students discussed a fictitious scenario involving a challenging clinical encounter with a client from a different culture. Students were reticent to see the scenario in terms of cultural difference, although they generally recognized that awareness of cultural issues in veterinary practice was important. They also tended to not see their own ethnicity as relevant to their practice. While some felt that veterinary practice should be culture blind, most recognized a need to orient to cultural difference and to respond sensitively. Their suggestions for curricular improvements to address these issues are also included.
How Do Veterinary Students' Motivation and Study Practices Relate to Academic Success?
Authors: Mikkonen Johanna , Ruohoniemi Mirja
Published: August 2011

The aim of the present study was to explore the factors associated with veterinary students' study success. All veterinary students who began their studies at the University of Helsinki in 2005 participated in this qualitative longitudinal study (N=52). The data consisted of assignments that the students completed at the beginning of their studies and again after three years of studying. The focus was on differences in motivation and study practices as well as possible changes in these over the three-year period. The students were divided into three groups according to their study success (grade point average and study progress). These groups were compared according to group-level differences in the categorized data. The most successful students already described themselves using more positive words than other students at the beginning of their veterinary studies. In addition, they seemed more adaptive in relation to the study's demands. However, there were drops in both the most and least successful students' motivation during their studies. The findings suggest that it is possible to predict forthcoming study problems by analyzing students' study practices and their own descriptions of themselves as learners. In addition, the results show that veterinary students' high motivation cannot be taken for granted. The comparative and longitudinal perspective of the present study can be useful in the development of curricula and in student support.
Piloting Interprofessional Education Interventions with Veterinary and Veterinary Nursing Students
Authors: Kinnison Tierney , Lumbis Rachel , Orpet Hilary , Welsh Perdi , Gregory Sue , Baillie Sarah
Published: August 2011

Interprofessional education (IPE) has received little attention in veterinary education even though members of the veterinary and nursing professions work closely together. The present study investigates veterinary and veterinary nursing students' and practitioners' experiences with interprofessional issues and the potential benefits of IPE. Based on stakeholder consultations, two teaching interventions were modified or developed for use with veterinary and veterinary nursing students: Talking Walls, which aimed to increase individuals' understanding of each other's roles, and an Emergency-Case Role-Play Scenario, which aimed to improve teamwork. These interventions were piloted with volunteer veterinary and veterinary nursing students who were recruited through convenience sampling. A questionnaire (the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale [RIPLS]) was modified for use in veterinary education and used to investigate changes in attitudes toward IPE over time (pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and four to five months afterward). The results showed an immediate and significant positive change in attitude after the intervention, highlighting the students' willingness to learn collaboratively, their ability to recognize the benefits of IPE, a decreased sense of professional isolation, and reduced hierarchical views. Although nearly half of the students felt concerned about learning with students from another profession before the intervention, the majority (97%) enjoyed learning together. However, the positive change in attitude was not evident four to five months after the intervention, though attitudes remained above pre-intervention levels. The results of the pilot study were encouraging and emphasize the relevance and importance of veterinary IPE as well as the need for further investigation to explore methods of sustaining a change in attitude over time.
Coupling of Important Physical Processes in the Planetary Boundary Layer between Meteorological and Chemistry Models for Regional to Continental Scale Air Quality Forecasting: An Overview
Authors: Lee Pius , Ngan Fong
Published: August 2011

A consensus among many Air Quality (AQ) modelers is that planetary boundary layer processes are the most influential processes for surface concentrations of air pollutants. Due to the many uncertainties intrinsically embedded in the parameterization of these processes, parameter optimization is often employed to determine an optimal set or range of values of the sensitive parameters. In this review study, we focus on the two of the most important physical processes: turbulent mixing and dry deposition. An emphasis was put on surveying AQ models that have been proven to resolve meso-scale features and cover a large geographical area, such as large regional, continental, or trans-continental boundary extents. Five AQ models were selected. Four of the models were run in real-time operational forecasting settings for continental scale AQ. The models use various forms of level 2.5 closure algorithms to calculate turbulent mixing. Tuning and parameter optimization has been used to tailor these algorithms to better suit their AQ models which are typically comprised of a coupled chemistry and meteorology model. Longer forecasts and long lead-times are inevitably under increasing demand for these models. Land Surface Models that have the capability for soil moisture and temperature data assimilation will have an advantage to constrain the key variables that govern the partitioning of surface sensible and latent heat fluxes and thus attain the potential to perform better in longer forecasts than those models that do not have this capability. Dry deposition velocity is a very significant model parameter that governs a major surface exchange activity. An exploratory study has been conducted to see the upper bound of roughness length in the similarity equation for aerodynamic resistance.
Available Resources for Algal Biofuel Development in China
Authors: Huo Shuhao , Dong Renjie , Wang Zhongming , Pang Changle , Yuan Zhenhong , Zhu Shunni , Chen Li
Published: August 2011

Microalgal biofuel research in China has made noticeable progress, and algae cultivation for biofuel production is considered to be an important contribution to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) mitigation and energy security. In this paper, the algal biofuel potentiality in China was reviewed from the points of view of algal biodiversity, algal culture collection, GHGs (especially CO2) mitigation, and the availability of the required sunlight, wastewater and land resources. The cultivation of microalgae utilizing power plants gas with large amounts of CO2 and wastewaters from urban households, industry and animal husbandry are suitable for large scale production in China. Land is hardly a limitation for algae cultivation.
Le bureau des colonies et le savoir scientifique : articulation entre sciences et actions dans la construction d’un projet atlantique (1763-1767)
Authors: Godfroy-de Borms Marion F.
Published: August 2011

En 1763, le duc de Choiseul décide d’une colonisation blanche et rapide de la Guyane française dans une entreprise qui mobilise les grands acteurs de la France des années Choiseul. Cette éclatante revanche a un but : faire en quatre ans de la Guyane française l’exact contrepoint de la domination britannique au nord.Mais pour « former » cette colonie, le gouvernement constate son ignorance de cette France équinoxiale. La guerre ouvre un espace propice à l’accueil ou l’écoute de réflexions et de projets. Il sollicite alors diverses entités scientifiques (physiocrates, ingénieurs hydrographes, botanistes, académiciens) afin de mesurer le potentiel de l’espace continental américain de la « zone torride ».Le duc de Choiseul entend se renseigner sur le « local » dans une prise de renseignements qui s’articule selon plusieurs mouvements. Ces mouvements mettent en évidence d’une part le niveau des connaissances qui se font jour, et d’autre part la variété des intervenants scientifiques. L’entrée en scène de deux acteurs, l’intendant Chanvalon, directeur de l’Académie de sciences de Bordeaux, et le chevalier Turgot, gouverneur, associés libres de l’Académie des sciences, transforme le projet d’implantation en une colonie qui veut soutenir la comparaison avec le peuplement des treize colonies d’Amérique. Le savoir scientifique n’est plus une connaissance du local, mais devient une conception législative, politique, soumis à un contexte événementiel militaire. Ce faisant, la rupture de cette connaissance de terrain induit une impréparation relative quant à l’installation d’une expédition où se pressent 17 000 hommes, et explique, dans une certaine mesure, l’échec tragique d’un projet colonial des Lumières.
The Modality of the Textual Institutionalisation of Literary Studies: Towards a Sociology of Literature
Authors: Chung Soh-Young
Published: August 2011

This paper aims to present a sociology of literary studies that is distinguished from the sociology of literature in that its focus is on literary studies as a social practice rather than as a socio-cultural institution: how literary studies is institutionalized as such not how it functions in relation to literature. The sociological analysis of literary studies in this paper entails two tasks. Firstly, it constructs a methodological frame within which literary studies can be observed and analysed in terms of the rules of discursive formation rather than as a pre-discursive entity. This is achieved through conceptualizing the Foucauldian notion of discursive formation and knowledge practice as an analytic strategy and operationalising it via Paul Dowling's Social Activity Method. Empirically, the analysis produces a description of the practice of literary studies as instantiated in the particular region of the practice constituted with what I refer to as the crisis discourse. The analysis describes literary studies as that which is emergent upon differing institutionalising strategies articulated by its participants to mark out literary studies from other practices and to maintain its disciplinarity through regulating the distribution and the access of the distribution of the discourse within and beyond the practice. The generalisability of the research in this paper lies in the applicability of the analytical method that can be employed at any given level of analysis to examine discursive practice—such as literary studies—as the effects of the particular discourses in terms of how they articulate and sustain the institutionalised identity of the practice.
Measurement-based modeling of bromine-induced oxidation of mercury above the Dead Sea
Authors: Tas E. , Obrist D. , Peleg M. , Matveev V. , Faïn X. , Asaf D. , Luria M.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. Atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) outside the polar regions – driven by high levels of reactive bromine species (RBS) – were observed recently in the warm Dead Sea boundary layer. Efficient oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) under temperate conditions by RBS was unexpected considering that the thermal back dissociation reaction of HgBr, a proposed key mechanism, is more than 2.5 orders of magnitude higher under Dead Sea temperatures compared with polar temperatures. The goal of this study was to improve understanding of RBS-mercury interactions using numerical simulations based on a comprehensive measurement campaign performed at the Dead Sea during summer 2009. Results demonstrate a high efficiency and central role of BrOx (i.e., Br + BrO) for AMDEs at the Dead Sea, with relative contributions for GEM depletion of more than ~90 %. BrO was found to be the dominant oxidant with relative contribution above 80 %. Best agreement between simulations and observations was achieved by applying rate constants for kHg+Br and kHg+BrO of 2.7×10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and 1.5 × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively – indicating that kHg+BrO is higher than most reported values and that BrO is a more efficient oxidant than Br in the ozone-rich atmosphere (i.e., for [BrO]/[Br] >2). This further explains why the efficiency of GEM oxidation by reactive bromine species at the Dead Sea doesn't critically depend on Br and, therefore, is comparable to the efficiency in polar regions even under much higher temperatures. These findings also support the hypothesis identified in a previous study, that Br-induced GEM depletion can be important above oceans in the mid-latitudes and tropics. In the presence of anthropogenic NO2, RBS activity can lead to enhanced NO3 formation, which then causes significant nighttime GEM depletion.
First national intercomparison of solar ultraviolet radiometers in Italy
Authors: Diémoz H. , Siani A. M. , Casale G. R. , di Sarra A. , Serpillo B. , Petkov B. , Scaglione S. , Bonino A. , Facta S. , Fedele F. , Grifoni D. , Verdi L. , Zipoli G.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. A blind intercomparison of ground-based ultraviolet (UV) instruments has been organized for the first time in Italy. The campaign was coordinated by the Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley (ARPA Valle d'Aosta) and took place in Saint-Christophe (45.8° N, 7.4° E, 570 m a.s.l.), in the Alpine region, from 8 to 23 June 2010. It involved 8 institutions, 10 broadband radiometers, 2 filter radiometers and 2 spectroradiometers. Synchronized measurements of downward global solar UV irradiance at the ground were collected and the raw series were then individually processed by the respective operators on the base of their own procedures and calibration data. A radiative transfer model was successfully applied as an interpretative tool. The input parameters and output results are described in detail. The comparison was performed in terms of global solar UV Index and integrated UV-A irradiance against a well-calibrated double monochromator spectroradiometer as reference. An improved algorithm for comparing broadband data and spectra has been developed and is discussed in detail. For some instruments, we found average deviations ranging from −16 % up to 20 % relative to the reference and diurnal variations as large as 15 % even in clear days. Remarkable deviations were found for the instruments calibrated in the manufacturers' facilities and never involved in field intercomparison. Finally, some recommendations to the UV operators based on the campaign results are proposed.
A simple 2-D inundation model for incorporating flood damage in urban drainage planning
Authors: Pathirana A. , Tsegaye S. , Gersonius B. , Vairavamoorthy K.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. An urban inundation model was developed and coupled with 1-D drainage network model (EPA-SWMM5). The objective was to achieve a 1-D/2-D coupled model that is simple and fast enough to be consistently used in planning stages of urban drainage projects. The 2-D inundation model is based on a non-standard simplification of the shallow water equation, lays between diffusion-wave and full dynamic models. Simplifications were made in the process representation and numerical solving mechanisms and a depth scaled Manning coefficient was introduced to achieve stability in the cell wetting-drying process. The 2-D model is coupled with SWMM for simulation of both network flow and surcharge induced inundation. The coupling is archived by mass transfer from the network system to the 2-D system. A damage calculation block is integrated within the model code for assessing flood damage costs in optimal planning of urban drainage networks. The model is stable in dealing with complex flow conditions, and cell wetting/drying processes, as demonstrated by a number of idealised experiments. The model application is demonstrated by applying to a case study in Brazil.
Numerical simulation of liquid absorption in paper‐like swelling porous media
Authors: Masoodi Reza , Tan Hua , Pillai Krishna M.
Published: August 2011

The work is built on a previous research by Wiryana and Berg, in which wicking into four wet‐formed paper stripes, consisting of cellulose fibers and four different percentages of the powdered carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) superabsorbent, was studied experimentally. Because of the swelling of cellulose fibers and CMC powder on contact with water, the wicking was accompanied by a swelling of the matrix. A finite element/control volume (FE/CV)‐based computer program is used for the first time to model the wicking in such swelling porous medium. The simulation used a novel form of continuity equation, which included the effects of liquid absorption and matrix swelling, in conjunction with the Darcy's law to model the single‐phase flow behind a clearly defined liquid‐front. A new method of estimating the time‐varying permeability of the paper, based on the absorbed liquid‐mass vs. time plots, is also proposed. Later, this time‐dependent permeability is used in the numerical simulation to change the permeability in elements behind the moving liquid‐front as a function of the time that the element has been wetted by the liquid, since the passage of the liquid‐front. The numerical prediction of the wicking‐front location as a function of time compares well with the reported experimental data. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2536–2544, 2012
Synthesis of TPA impregnated SBA‐15 catalysts and their performance in polyethylene degradation reaction
Authors: Aydemir Buğçe , Aslı Sezgi Naime , Doğu Timur
Published: August 2011

Tungstophosphoric acid (TPA)‐containing mesoporous santa barbara amorphous (SBA)‐15 materials were synthesized by impregnation of TPA into hydrothermally synthesized SBA‐15. TPA was incorporated to the porous framework of silica with different W/Si ratios, using TPA hydrate as the acid source. The synthesized materials had a surface area range of 212–825 m2 g−1, depending on the TPA loading and exhibited Type IV adsorption–desorption isotherms. Energy dispersive spectrometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that TPA was successfully penetrated into mesopores of the SBA‐15 material. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analysis of the pyridine adsorbed synthesized materials revealed the existence of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites in the synthesized materials. Their performances were tested in the degradation of polyethylene by thermogravimetric analysis. An increase in TPA content significantly lowered the degradation temperature and activation energy of the polyethylene degradation reaction. In the presence of TPA‐incorporated SBA‐15 catalyst, activation energy was reduced to approximately half‐value of the value found in the absence of the catalyst. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2466–2472, 2012