bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological alteration and anaesthetic drugs effects on intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring procedures
Authors: Coșman Mihaela , Atomei Andreea , Straticiuc Nina , Caragea Alexandru , Soare Mihai , Neacșu Alina Mihaela
Published: April 2021

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) and especially motor evoked potentials represents an important tool in the evaluation of the nervous system integrity and particularly of the motor tracts. A real and correct registration of the potentials with a proper interpretation of the modification is mandatory for an optimal outcome in eloquent areas, tumours, brainstem and medullary lesions. For all this to happen a suitable anaesthetic protocol must be used. Even though there is a large spectrum of anaesthetic agents at our disposal it is imperative to know their effect on the IOM signals recordings and the fact that some of them are dose-dependent. Drugs effects and physiological changes produced intraoperatively must be corrected before a shift in the direction of the surgical lesion resection it is taken. We present an overview of the action of the anaesthetic agents, most used protocols and the physiological alteration encountered in the operative theatre.
Surgical management of Rolandic area meningioma in the era of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
Authors: Coșman Mihaela , Panțiru Ionuț Mihail , Cucu Andrei Ionuț , Atomei Andreea Lenuța , Dumitrecu Gabriela Florența , Poeată Ion
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The advantages and the necessity of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) in the surgery of motor area infiltrative tumours is well known. The use of this technique for Rolandic meningioma is still debatable. The absence or the loss of the cleavage plan and an infiltrative border make the dissection exceedingly difficult and increase the risk of new postoperative motor disfunction.

Materials and methods: We evaluated the impact of IOM, especially direct cortical stimulation on the degree of resection, new postoperative deficits, symptom remission and clinical-imagistic aspects at one-year follow up of 19 cases of Rolandic meningioma admitted in Third Department of Neurosurgery,” Prof. Dr N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Yassi, Romania, between January 2014 and July 2018.

Results: More than half of the cases (57,88%) had epileptic manifestations as the main clinical symptom with the Jacksonian seizures being on the first place (31,57%), followed by progressive paresis (26,31%) and other nonspecific symptoms. Intraparenchymal preoperative oedema was observed in 36,84% of patients. The intensity of direct cortical stimulation was between 6-13 mA (median = 9mA; mode = 12mA). Simpson degree of resection was dominated by S3– 47,36% and S4 was obtained in 15,78% of cases. Postoperative the outcome was favourable for 73,68% patients with 5,26% motor aggravation and 10,52% new deficits. At one-year follow up no imagistic recurrence was observed and the permanent motor deficit was maintained in one of the three cases (5,26%).

Conclusion: Even though meningiomas are extranevraxial lesions and those located on the convexity have a low risk of complication, the absence of a clear dissection plan between the tumour and the adjacent motor cortex is associated with a high risk for new postoperative neurological deficits. Therefore, it is important to perform cortical mapping for Rolandic meningioma, to determine the location of the primary motor area and to protect it from mechanical and vascular trauma, during tumour resection.
Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping in patients with language-eloquent brain lesions
Authors: Petrescu George E. D. , Radu Roxana , Giovani Andrei , Gorgan Cristina , Brehar Felix M. , Gorgan Radu M.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The surgical resection of brain lesions located in language-eloquent areas harbours a great risk for determining new functional deficits. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation represents a novel non-invasive cortical mapping method that can be used preoperative to determine language-eloquent areas.

Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively maintained database of patients that underwent preoperative cortical mapping using nTMS between March 2017 and June 2020. Patients older than 18 years old with brain lesions situated in a presumed language eloquent area, that underwent surgical resection of the brain lesion were included in the study. Various parameters such as error rate, number of language-negative sites were assessed.

Results: Fourteen patients were included in the study. There were 10 males and 4 females in total. Most of the tumours were in the temporal and frontal lobes (five and four cases, respectively). The histopathological diagnosis was glioblastoma in seven cases, in one case there was an anaplastic astrocytoma and there were two cases of low-grade gliomas. There were three cases of brain metastasis and one cavernoma. The median (range) tumor volume was 25.01 cm3 (0.89 – 86.55 cm3). Gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in seven cases. The error rate was significantly higher in patients that continued to have an impaired language function after surgical resection (p = 0.016), while the perilesional error rate was higher in patients with preoperative aphasia (p = 0.019).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a lower tumour volume to perilesional negative stimuli ratio is associated with an extended surgical resection of brain tumours located in language-eloquent areas and that patients that presented with aphasia and have a high error rate have a worse functional prognosis. Through nTMS preoperative cortical mapping of language-eloquent areas, the neurosurgeon has more insight regarding the cortical function and can maximize the surgical resection, while avoiding the onset of new functional deficits.
Management of a double basilar tip aneurysm
Authors: Chiriac A. , Dobrin N. , Ion Georgiana , Poeata I.
Published: April 2021

Complex basilar tip aneurysms are still challenging to secure with coils or stent-assisted coiling. Double aneurysms at the basilar bifurcation and the basilar artery-superior cerebellar artery are a rare particular situation that usually requires more appropriate treatment. This case reports details of our experience with a double basilar tip aneurysm treated in two steps by coiling repair and stent-assisted coiling.
The evolution of eloquent located low-grade gliomas surgical approaches, their natural history and molecular classification
Authors: Coșman Mihaela , Cucu Andrei Ionuț , Iordache Alin Constantin , Iliescu Bogdan Florin , Dumitrecu Gabriela Florența , Turliuc Dana Mihaela
Published: April 2021

Low-grade glioma is characterized by slow growth, infiltrative pattern through white matter tracts and progression to a malignant tumour type. The traditional classification is newly replaced by molecular stratification. This reorganisation gathers glioma with similar prognosis and treatment protocols. The preferential location of that tumour in eloquent areas constituted, over time, a real challenge regarding the best surgical approach. Because of the high risk of postoperative neurological deficits initially a more conservative management was adopted. Once with the development of preoperative and intraoperative functional assessment techniques, a higher degree of resection was possible in the limits of cortico-subcortical eloquence, being well known that this is a statistically significant factor for survival. We present in this paper the natural evolution of low-grade glioma, their new molecular classification, prognostic factors and the various approach proposed for eloquent ones.
Outcomes of surgical treatment for pituitary metastasis
Authors: Teslenko Dmytro S. , Guk Mykola O. , Chuvashova Olga Yu.
Published: April 2021

We analyzed the outcomes of surgical treatment for pituitary metastasis (PM) based on 35 observations. We registered the best estimates of resection radicalism in patients with minor PM, its inconsiderable spread ascending and descending from the diaphragm of the sella turcica, slightly bleeding metastasis, and no invading to the cavernous sinus. Positive changes in the PM patients’ quality of life are chiefly associated with regressed visual impairment, local pain syndrome, and, to a lesser degree, oculomotor disorders. No post-operative regress or intensifying of hormonal impairments, such as diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism, were seen. The age of patients, the time interval between the cancer diagnosis and the PM occurrence, control of the underlying disease, size of the tumour are the factors determining the life expectancy in PM patients.
The effect of long-term subgaleal drain retention (for 14 days) in preventing Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (CSF) fistula development in cases with an insufficiently closed dural defect after craniotomy or craniectomy
Authors: Kocaman Umit , Yilmaz Hakan
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Our aim was to determine the effectiveness of long-term subgaleal drain retention in preventing CSF fistula development that may occur in the wound site when the dura cannot be completely closed after craniotomy or craniectomy.

Material and method: This study was planned to include the cases of craniotomy and craniectomy performed at Bak?rcay University Cigli Training and Research Hospital during 2017-2021. The study has been made in a retrospective manner to include a subgaleal drain group and a control group. Both groups were selected from Bak?rcay University Cigli Training and Research Hospital. A subgaleal drain was placed in 18 cases with a large or multiple defect after craniotomy or craniectomy where the defect could not be completely closed with grafts. It was planned to be kept in place for 14days with free drainage. Patients were administered antibiotics for three days after the surgery. Patients were monitored for CSF fistula and infection development. On the other hand, 12 patients having large dural defect were included in the control group. Patients in the control group were determined by a random selection method. Patients were followed for 2 days under subgaleal drainage. The Control group was also monitored for CSF fistula and infection development. Both groups statistically were compared with each other in terms of CSF fistula and infection development.

Results: There were 18 cases where the dura was closed insufficiently, long-term subgaleal drainage was performed. The mean age was 66.6 (34-82) years. The surgery performed was craniotomy/craniectomy for cerebellar hematoma drainage in 3 cases, acute subdural hematoma drainage in 5 cases, supratentorial tumour resection in 5 cases, large depression fracture in 4 cases and debridement of cerebral tissue damaged by firearm injury in 1 case. The drain was withdrawn at the end of the 14th day in all patients. A CSF fistula did not occur in any of 18 patients (%0) included in the study. In all patients (%100), the wounds were healed without any problems and no signs of local or systemic infection were found. In the control group, the mean age is 62.2 (48-88) years. CSF fistula developed in 4 (%33.3) of 12 patients in the control group. We had to apply lumbal external drainage in 2(%50) of 4 patients with CSF fistula. Central nervous system infection developed in one (% 8.33) patient.

Conclusion: Long-term subgaleal drainage can be used as an alternative to lumbar external drainage.
Ossified longitudinal ligament causing same level cord contusion in a case of Klippel-Feil syndrome
Authors: Agrawal Amit
Published: April 2021

Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a congenital fusion of two or more cervical vertebrae due to faulty segmentation of the vertebral axis during gestation. (1-5) These patients present with a constellation of manifes­tations and are typically prone to cervical cord injury after a minor fall or a major traumatic episode. (2, 5-8) 34 years old gentlemen, a plumber by profession presented with a history of slipped and fall about two stairs height while he was working.
Tipos de mantenimiento en las plantas compresoras de gas de la industria petrolera venezolana Distrito-Lagunillas
Authors: Matos Leonela
Published: April 2021

En el presente trabajo de investigación se describió los tipos de mantenimiento realizados en plantas compresoras de gas en la industria petrolera venezolana, Distrito Lagunillas. La metodología se consideró de tipo descriptiva, bajo un diseño no experimental, de campo y transeccional. La población quedó conformada por las 3 plantas compresoras de gas de la industria petrolera venezolana en el Distrito Lagunillas. Como técnica de recolección de datos se empleó la encuesta mediante un cuestionario estructurado por 15 ítems con escala dicotómica. Para alcanzar la validez del mismo fue sometido al juicio de expertos, y se utilizó el coeficiente Kuder y Richardson para el cálculo de su confiabilidad, obteniéndose 0,91. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante la estadística descriptiva, a través de las frecuencias relativas. Se concluye que estas plantas otorgan alta presencia a los tipos de mantenimiento que llevan a cabo: predictivo, preventivo, programado, correctivo y proactivo.
Kronik Hepatit B Hastalarında Vitamin D Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İNCE Fatma Meral , ÇELEN Mustafa Kemal , İNCE Hasan , AKDEMİR KALKAN İrem
Published: April 2021

Giriş ve Amaç: Hepatit B virüs (HBV) enfeksiyonu halen tüm dünyada önde gelen sağlık sorunlarından biridir. Karaciğer, vitamin D’nin metabolizması ve depolanmasında önemli bir organdır. Vitamin D’nin, hücre farklılaşması, çoğalması ve bağışıklık modülasyon inhibisyonu da dâhil olmak üzere çok önemli bir biyolojik etkiye sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Son zamanlarda, vitamin D düzeylerinin HBV enfeksiyonu gibi viral enfeksiyonlara karşı immün sistem ve konak yanıtını etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda amaç HBV ile enfekte bireyler ve HBV ile enfekte olmayan bireylerde vitamin D düzeyini karşılaştırıp vitamin D düzeyinin HBV replikasyonu ve hastalığın progresyonu ile ilişkisini saptamaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamız retrospektif olarak gerçekleştirilen tanımlayıcı bir çalışma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Dicle üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji polikliniğine Ocak 2014 - Aralık 2015 tarihleri arasında başvuran HBsAg pozitif ve HBV DNA’sı negatif 29 hasta, HBsAg pozitif ve HBV DNA‘sı 2000-20000 IU/ml olan 30 hasta, HBsAg pozitif ve HBV DNA’sı >20000 IU/ml olan 31 hasta ile HBsAg negatif ve komorbiditesi olmayan; ancak halsizlik, yorgunluk şikâyeti ile polikliniğimize başvurup vitamin-D düzeyleri bakılmış olan 45 hasta kontrol grubu olarak çalışmamızda değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Hastaların başlangıç, 6. ay ve 12. ay 25 (OH) D düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan kit için üretici firmanın belirlediği 25 (OH) D referans aralıkları; eksik(<10 μg /L), yetersiz(10-30 μg/L) ve yeterli(≥30 μg/L) şeklinde belirtilmiştir.Bulgular: Kronik Hepatit B (KHB)’li hastaların ortalama vitamin D düzeyi 23,37±10,71 µg/l, kontrol grubunun ortalama vitamin D düzeyi 35,54±10,42 µg/l olarak saptanmıştır (p<0,001). Bu durumda KHB’li hastalarda vitamin D düzeyi yetersiz olup kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük saptanmıştır. Kontrol grubunun ise vitamin D düzeyleri normal sınırlarda saptanmıştır. KHB’li hastaların grup içi vitamin D düzeyleri karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır.Bu çalışmada düşük vitamin D düzeyinin yüksek viral yük ile ilişkili olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, KHB hastalarında vitamin D düzeyi yetersiz bulunmuştur. Düşük vitamin D düzeyinin yüksek viral yük ile ilişkili olmadığı saptanmış olup detaylı tasarlanmış, prospektif ve kontrollü çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Ayrıca hastalar; vitamin D eksikliği ve yerine koyma tedavisi açısından değerlendirilmelidir.
A Rare Case of Bacteriemia Due to Comamonas testosteroni
Authors: AYHANCI Tuğba , DEMİRAY Tayfur , ÖZMEN Ensar , İNCE Burcu , SADEQ Mohammed , AYDIN Ayhan , YAYLACI Selcuk
Published: April 2021

Comamonas testosteroni is a gram-negative, non-glucose fermenting, oxidase positive, motile bacillus. It is accepted as a low-virulent microorganism and rarely causes infections in humans. Survival at low nutrient conditions, ability to acquire resistance genes and already found virulence factors make C. testosteroni a potential candidate to be a dangerous infectious agent, especially in patients with predisposing factors. We report a rare case of a bacteriemia due to a rarely isolated microorganism, C. testosteroni, in a male adult patient.
Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası ve Toll Benzeri Reseptörler Arasındaki İlişki: Bağışıklık ve Metabolizma
Authors: GÜÇLÜ DURGUN Selen , DEVECİ ÖZKAN Asuman
Published: April 2021

İntestinal kanal, mikrobiyota ile simbiyotik bir ilişkinin oluşmasına izin veren ve mikroorganizmaların invazyonunu kısıtlayan çeşitli stratejiler geliştirmiştir. Toll benzeri reseptörler (TLR), makrofajlar, dendritik hücreler (DC'ler), T lenfositler ve bağırsak epitel hücreleri dahil olmak üzere çeşitli hücre tiplerinde ifade edilen reseptörlerdir. Patojenlere özgü ve hayatta kalmaları için gerekli olan patojen ilişkili moleküler modelleri (MAMP) tanıyan patojen tanıma reseptörleri (PRR'ler) olarak görev yapmaktadırlar. İnsanda bağırsak mikrobiyotası ile bağırsak epitel hücreleri ve bağışıklık hücreleri üzerindeki TLR'ler arasındaki etkileşimler, bağışıklık sisteminin homeostazının korunmasına destek olmaktadırlar. TLR ilişkili yolaklar enerjiyi bağışıklık yanıtına ayırmak için bağışıklık hücrelerindeki içsel metabolizmayı düzenlemektedir. TLR2 aktivasyonu ile anti-inflamatuar yanıt sonrası kommensal bakteriler “patojenik olmayan” olarak tanınmaktadır. TLR4 gen ifadesi, obez veya tip 2 diyabet hastalarının adipoz doku, periferik kan veya kas dokusu örneklerinde ve obez farelerin adipoz dokularında artmakta ve insülin direnci ile ilişkili olmaktadır. TLR5 yoksun farelerin mikrobiyota kompozisyonlarındaki değişikliklerle ilişkili olan insülin direnci ve artan adipozite dahil olmak üzere metabolik sendrom geliştirmeye eğilimli oldukları bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca TLR antagonistlerinin kullanımı ile immünosupresyonun sağladığı faydalı etkiler metabolik ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar için araştırılmaya devam etmektedir. Genetik ve çevre etkisiyle bağırsak mikrobiyotasındaki değişiklikler, sorunlu konak bağışıklık tepkisine neden olabilmekte ve mikrobiyota manipülasyonları ile hastalarda mikrobiyotanın yeniden programlanması erişilebilir ve ümit verici tedavi şekilleri sunabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, mikrobiyota ve bağışıklık sistemi arasındaki ilişkinin metabolik parametreleri nasıl düzenleyeceğini anlamak, metabolik hastalıkların tedavisinde ilerlemeler sağlayabilecektir.
EXTRACCIÓN, SEPARACIÓN, E IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL CAROTENOIDE Y XANTÓFILO NEOXANTINA POR HPLC-MS DE LA ESPECIE ALIMENTICA INGA INGOIDES (RICH) WILLD, PACAY, COLECTADA EN COROICO, BOLIVIA
Authors:   Natural Product Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales IIPN, Chemical Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales FCPN, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, P.O. Box 303, Calle Andrés Bello s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Cota Cota, La Paz, Bolivia., Rendón P. Willy J. , Chávez Galia ,   Natural Product Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales IIPN, Chemical Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales FCPN, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, P.O. Box 303, Calle Andrés Bello s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Cota Cota, La Paz, Bolivia., Bascopé Marcelo ,   Centro de Investigaciones Químicas S.R.L., Calle Junín s/n, Zona Sapenco, Quillacollo, phone +59172288963, fax +59144391763, Cochabamba, Bolivia., Peñarrieta J. Mauricio ,   Food Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas IIQ, Chemical Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales FCPN, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, P.O. Box 303, Calle Andrés Bello s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Cota Cota, phone +59122795878, La Paz, Bolivia., Mollinedo Patricia ,   Food Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas IIQ, Chemical Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales FCPN, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, P.O. Box 303, Calle Andrés Bello s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Cota Cota, phone +59122795878, La Paz, Bolivia.
Published: April 2021

En el presente trabajo se describe el aislamiento y caracterización de neoxantina obtenida en la parte aérea de la especie vegetal Inga ingoides colectada en la localidad de Coroico del Departamento de La Paz, Bolivia. La planta fue sometida a procesos de extracción y de cromatografía en columna sobre silica gel, con fase móvil de éter de petróleo/acetato de etilo de gradiente polar creciente. La fracción mayoritaria de cromatografía de coloración rojiza obtenida, fue sometida a cromatografía líquida de alta resolución acoplada a espectrometría de masas HPLC_MS determinándose la presencia de neoxantina.
CONVERSION TERMOQUÍMICA Y ANÁLISIS MICROESTRUCTURAL DE BRIQUETAS AUTO-REDUCTORAS HECHAS DE CÁSCARILLA RESULTANTE DE LA LAMINACIÓN PROVENIENTE DEL PROCESO DE CONFORMADO DEL ACERO EN CALIENTE (MILL SCALE), Y GRAFITO RECICLADO
Authors:   Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería de Procesos FIP, Universidad Nacional San Agustín de Arequipa UNSA, Av. Independencia s/n-Pab. Ing. Materiales, phone +5154200037, Arequipa, Perú., Urday Urday Edwin , Rodríguez Valdivia Marcelo ,   Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería de Procesos FIP, Universidad Nacional San Agustín de Arequipa UNSA, Av. Independencia s/n-Pab. Ing. Materiales, phone +5154200037, Arequipa, Perú., Sánchez Chávez Giancarlo ,   Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería de Procesos FIP, Universidad Nacional San Agustín de Arequipa UNSA, Av. Independencia s/n-Pab. Ing. Materiales, phone +5154200037, Arequipa, Perú.
Published: April 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación sobre reciclado de la cascarilla resultante de la laminación proveniente del proceso de conformado del acero en caliente, con el fin de explorar la posibilidad de obtener hierro esponjoso con un alto contenido metálico. La experimentación consistió en formar briquetas auto-reductoras mezclando óxido de hierro y grafito llevándolas a un proceso de auto-reducción variando la temperatura de 900 a 1050ºC por el lapso mínimo de 30 min. extensible a 90 min., dependiendo del caso. La cascarilla y los productos reducidos obtenidos fueron caracterizados aplicando técnicas de análisis mineralógico mediante fluorescencia y difracción de rayos X, y de composición química mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). En los productos reducidos, se determinó la cantidad de masa perdida y el cambio en la proporción de peso real. Adicionalmente, la determinación del grado de conversión metálica fue posible mediante la técnica analítica del análisis del Fe metálico y Fe total para cada muestra. Los resultados mostraron que en las condiciones: [90 min – 1050ºC - 13% de grafito, se alcanza un grado de conversión metálica igual al 99.9%], y para [30 min – 1050ºC - 20.7% de grafito, un 95% de conversión metálica se observa] y para [90 min – 1050ºC - 20.7% de grafito, un 94.4% de conversión metálica se observa]. Para el caso del máximo grado de conversión metálica, se pudo observar la formación de hierro a partir del coalescimiento de puntos metálicos (whiskers) que conlleva a crear fases densas y compactas.
The importance of Vasanthan Kooththu (Art Form) songs in revealing the existence of human social and professional life
Authors: Sathiyajith Thushyanthi
Published: April 2021

The culture of a community plays a major role in narrating the history and life of that particular community. This culture includes various aspects such as religion, ritual, faith, food, customs or practices as well as art and culture. Among these aspects, art is not only for entertainment; but it is also for exposing the social character and tradition of that particular community. The undeniable thing here is the factor that art forms in every country, and in every region are not only to create entertainment but also to preserve the antiquity of their existence up to now. In that respect, Vasanthan Kooththu, one of the Sri Lankan Tamil art forms, is a notable art form in that category. Even though this art form is found in Batticaloa and Jaffna areas, they have differences between each other. This study focuses on the songs of Vasanthan Kooththu performed in the Katuthavalai area of ​​Batticaloa. This type of Kooththu is an art form of tapping and dancing with two sticks in the hands; however, these sticks are also used to express the function of the meaning of the song with dance. Even though this type of Kooththu is a dance form, the greatness of the songs used in this Kooththu is significant. There are 62 types of Vasanthan poems have been in use in the Art Form performances. These have been compiled around the year 1940. These 62 genres of songs are divided into six genres and compiled, namely 'Kattiyam', 'Thoththiram', 'Sariththiram', 'Tholil', 'Vedikkai', 'Vilaiyaattu' and are still in the practice during Kooththu performance. As mentioned earlier, these Kooththu song systems emphasize the art expression of the culture of a community. The songs related to the professions or job involved in these Kooththu songs express the whole series of activities of the agricultural industry. The reason that these Kooththu songs to aim to explore only a specific industry is to be explored. It is vital to discover this factor; and this article explores about how these Kooththu songs are still in operation today as a popular form of folk music performance to describe a particular social professional life, beyond globalization trends, imposition and blends of colonization thinking. This article also explores the significance of these Kooththu songs hold, the importance they have gained in the life of people as well as the value that these Kooththu songs have even today.
Feminine construction in Yatchi Short Story
Authors: T Kavitha
Published: April 2021

‘Feminism’ has emerged in the Western Countries as a political concept concerned with the welfare of women. Over time the literature evolved into a theory of understanding the depictions of women that women create. Some approaches are needed to understand a theory. Thus, to access literature in a feminist perspective, Vijayalakshmi.T in her article identified nine types of Feminist attitudes. This article aims to explore how the first of these approaches “Feminine Construction” is found in Jeyamohan`s Short story “Yatchi”.
Literary Application for the Cultural Heritage
Authors: Thampirasa Vivanantharasa
Published: April 2021

This article explores the mechanism by which the literary endeavours of the numerically small communities in Eastern Sri Lanka operate as the cultural heritage of those communities. Cultural heritage refers to the behaviours, activities, materials, and traditions maintained to identify the identity and continuity of a community or race. In an environment where cultural oppression is being shaped as a political practice, it is felt necessary for a society to retain its lifestyle and identity rights. It is both essential and at the same time challenging for a small community to learn its cultural traditions in a multicultural environment. The majority culture is being generalized and the cultures of minority communities are being transformed and disappeared. In this situation, a community has to keep its heritage domains in practice to sustain its existence. Language and its art - literature, are paramount in these domains. This is because the identity and organization of a community are primarily based on the language of that community. The numerically small communities of Eastern Sri Lanka, such as the Vedar, Kuravar, Burgher and Kaffir communities, have distinctive language practices and literary works. However, in the context of the majority of Sinhala and Tamil communities of Sri Lanka, the learning of a small community remains in crisis. In this case, the article outlines how the literature of these communities is used as part of maintaining these identities. This article also highlights the use of cultural legacy for the existence of such communities.
سياسة التجريم والعقاب في قانون العمل
Authors: لعيبي مروة حسن , الشمري كاظم عبد الله
Published: April 2021

يعد قانون العمل من القوانين التي تحوي نصوصا جنائية خاصة،إذ انتهج المشرع فيه سياسة جزائية خاصة بالنظر الى طبيعة المصلحة المحمية او بالنظر الى المخاطبين بأحكامه فنص على مجموعه من الجرائم العمالية ورتب عليها جزاءا جنائيا، واهم ما يلحظ على هذه الجرائم انها من وصف الجنحة أو المخالفة،وان الجزاء المترتب عليها اما الحبس او الغرامة،ويلاحظ ان قانون العمل العراقي رقم (37)لسنة 2015 لم يتبن نظرية عامة للتجريم و العقاب،وانما جاءت نصوصه الجزائية متفرقة في ثنايا القانون،وان شق التجريم في اغلب نصوصه لم يلتق مع شق الجزاء وذلك يقتضي الرجوع الى احكام المادة (16/1) من قانون العقوبات العراقي رقم (111)لسنة 1969 والتي نصت على ان :(تراعى احكام الكتاب الاول من هذا القانون في الجرائم المنصوص عليها في القوانين والانظمة العقابية الاخرى مالم يرد نص على خلاف ذلك)
حماية الدائن في المرحلة السابقة على إبرام عقد الشركة
Authors: غالب زينب زامل , محمود حامد شاكر
Published: April 2021

تُعد المرحلة السابقة على التعاقد من أهم المراحل التي يمر بها العقد ان لم تكن أهمها على الإطلاق لما لها من أثر على تنفيذ العقد, وهذه المرحلة لم تعد الآن مجرد اعمالٍ مادية لا يترتب عليها أثراً قانونياً, بل اصبح لها نظامها الخاص خصوصاً بعد التعديل الذي طال احكام القانون المدني الفرنسي لعام 2016, ولا يقتصر وجود المرحلة السابقة على التعاقد في القانون المدني فحسب بل لهذه المرحلة خصوصية في ظل أحكام القانون الخاص عموماً كالقانون التجاري ونخص بالذات قانون الشركات التجارية فالشركة التجارية في أساسها هي عقد يُبرمُ بين المؤسسين, وهذا العقد يسبق صدور العقد النهائي للشركة, والذي تكتسب الشركة تبعاً له الشخصية المعنوية والكيان القانوني الذي يؤهلها لممارسة اعمالها, فالمرحلة السابقة على التعاقد تبدو أكثر وضوحاً في نطاق قانون الشركات التجارية لما يسبق تأسيس الشركات التجارية من إجراءات تتخللها مفاوضات بين الاطراف الساعية الى التفاوض الجاد من أجل التوصل الى تأسيس الشركة التجارية, أو تتمثل بمرحلة تمهيدية هي العقد الابتدائي الموقع من قبل المؤسسين.
ترخيص شركات الاستثمار المالي من قبل البنك المركزي
Authors: جاسم رسل جعفر , أمين خالص نافع
Published: April 2021

تعد شركات الاستثمار المالي صورة من صور الشركات المساهمة في ظل القانون العراقي, وتطبق جميع الاحكام القانونية الخاصة بالشركات المساهمة على شركات الاستثمار المالي.

 ونظراً لخصوصية نشاط شركات الاستثمار المالي, والمتمثل بالدرجة الاساس بتكوين وإدارة المحافظ المالية في سوق الاوراق المالية, وما يترتب على ذلك من دخولها بإتفاقيات تعاقدية مع المستثمرين وايداع اموالهم لديها ليتم توظيفها واستثمارها في مجال الاوراق المالية, وبهدف حماية اموال المستثمرين المودعة لدى الشركات, والعمل على ضمان قيام هذه الشركات بالانشطة المحددة لها قانوناً, فقد اوجب القانون العراقي حصول هذه الشركات على رخصة صادرة عن البنك المركزي ووفقاً للضوابط القانونية .

يقوم البنك المركزي العراقي كونه الجهة القطاعية المسؤولة عن تنظيم ورقابة عمل شركات الاستثمار المالي بدراسة وتقييم كافة الاوراق المقدمة من قبل الشركة, ويتبع البنك المركزي الاجراءات المرسومة قانوناً والخاصة بذلك.
الأساس القانوني لإلتزام صاحب الفندق بضمان السلامة الجسدية للنزيل في القانونين العراقي والمصري
Authors: نهاي سعد حسون , الساعدي جليل حسن
Published: April 2021

لا يثير الأساس القانوني لإلتزام صاحب الفندق بضمان سلامة الأشياء أية مشكلة، لأن التشريعات المقارنة نظمته بنصوص قانونية صريحة، ولكن المشكلة تثور بالنسبة للأساس القانوني لإلتزام صاحب الفندق بضمان السلامة الجسدية للنزيل، إذ خلت تلك التشريعات من النصوص الصريحة بشأنه، وتركت تنظيمه للقواعد العامة الأمر الذي فتح الباب على مصراعيه أمام اجتهادات الفقه، حيث تعددت الأسس التي وضعها الفقهاء له، في نطاق القانون المدني، بخلاف المشرع الانكليزي الذي نظمه كواجب عام في قانون حائز العقار لسنة 1957، كما إن بعض قوانين حماية المستهلك أشارت ضمناً إلى التزام صاحب الفندق بضمان سلامة جسد النزيل، وهدف هذه الدراسة هو التعرف على الأساس القانوني لهذا الإلتزام ولتحقيق هذا الهدف لابد أن نبين أولاً الأساس القانوني لهذا الالتزام في القانون المدني، ثم نوضح أساسه القانوني في قانون حماية المستهلك.
وقت انتقال تبعة الهلاك في البيوع الدولية دراسة وفقا" لإحكام القانون العراقي واتفاقية الأمم المتحدة لعقود البيع الدولي للبضائع ( فيينا 1980 )
Authors: جودة عبد الله عبد السادة , امين خالص نافع
Published: April 2021

تتـــناول هــــذه الدراســـة موضــــوع وقت انتقـــال تبعة الهـــــلاك فــــي البيـــــوع الدوليـــة  الذي تعرفه اتفاقية فيينا للبيع الدولي للبضائع باسم انتقال المخاطر وقد أخذ القانون المدني العراقي بالقبض كأساس " لانتقال التبعة من عهدة البائع إلى ضمان المشتري، وهذا التعبير استقاه المشرع من الفقه الإسلامي، وهو في مقابلة التسلم في التشريعات الوضعية، ولا يشترط في القبض أن يكون قد تم حقيقة أي بحيازة البضاعة فعلا" من المشتري بل يكفي مجرد حصول التخلية بين المبيع والمشتري على وجه يستطيع المشتري أن يقبضه بدون حائل، أما قانون التجارة العراقي رقم30 لسنة 1984 فقد نظم أحكام انتقال التبعة في البيع الدولي، وقد اقتبس أحكامه من قواعد الانكوتيرمز لسنه 1980، أما بصدد اتفاقية فيينا للبيع الدولي للبضائع فإنها تفرق في تحديد وقت انتقال التبعة بحسب ما كان عقد البيع مقترنا" بعملية نقل البضاعة أم لا . ففي الحالة الأولى تنتقل التبعة بتسليم البضاعة إلى الناقل الأول بشرط أن يكون مستقلا"، أما في الحالة الثانية فإنها تشترط لانتقال التبعة التسلم الفعلي من المشتري، أو عند إخلال هذا الأخير بتسلم البضاعة . كما أن الاتفاقية تتناول حالة تحديد الطرف الذي يتحمل تبعة الهلاك في الأحوال التي يتم فيها بيع البضاعه اثناء نقلها
الرقابة القضائية على قرارات انتهاء خدمة رؤساء الوحدات الإدارية في العراق
Authors: عبد الرزاق عبدالرسول قحطان , قدوري تغريد محمد
Published: April 2021

نَظّمت التشريعات محل الدراسة الرقابة القضائية على قرارات انتهاء خدمة رؤساء الوحدات الادارية في العراق ؛ إذ إن قبل التعديل الاول لقانون المحافظات الغير منتظمة بإقليم رقم(21) لسنة 2008 كان الطعن امام المحكمة الاتحادية العليا وبعد التعديل الاول اصبح الطعن بقرار إقالة المحافظ والقائممقام ومدير الناحية محكمة القضاء الاداري اذ نص قانون المحافظات النافذ على ان للمحافظ ان يطعن بقرار اقالته امام محكمة القضاء الاداري خلال مدة خمسة عشر يوماً من تاريخ تبليغه والزم القانون المحكمة بالبت في الحكم خلال (30) يوماً ولم ينص قانون المحافظات النافذ على التظلم على قرار الاقالة ولم ينص القانون على المدد القانونية التي تخص طعن المحافظ فيما يخص الطعن بقرار اقالة القائممقام ومدير الناحية أذ يتم الرجوع الى أحكام قانون مجلس الدولة العراقي رقم (71) لسنة 2017 النافذ بالنسبة للمدد القانونية والتظلم .
Combination of Synchronous and Asynchronous Models in Online Learning
Authors: Intan Nuyulis Naeni Puspitasari
Published: April 2021

The implementation of an online learning system due to the Covid-19 pandemic has become a portrait of learning today and the future. Since March 2020 online learning implemented at the IAIN Kediri demands the readiness of lecturers and students to adapt to learning. The researcher as one of the lecturers who is directly involved in online learning has implemented a combination of synchronous and asynchronous learning settings through several learning media. This article is a self-study with a qualitative approach to the researcher's experience in carrying out online learning for one semester. The main question of this research is how do lecturers optimize the student learning experience in online learning using a combination of synchronous and asynchronous models?. A preliminary survey of students at the beginning of the semester and a reflection at the end of the semester researchers used as primary data sources to gain their insight into the online learning experience. Researchers found that this combination of synchronous and asynchronous models was proven to be more able to help students to be directly involved in learning activities and to feel a connection with their peers and lecturers. So that lecturers need to balance the flexibility provided by online space with the synchronous learning environment, according to the abilities and needs of students, as well as providing meaningful and quality learning spaces to achieve planned learning objectives.
Alternativas de desarrollo: viejos desafíos y nuevas hibridaciones en China y América Latina
Authors:   Universidad del Norte de Columbia Británica, Bowles Paul , Veltmeyer Henry ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Published: April 2021

In the current, dominant conceptualisation of International Development Studies, «development» is based on the emancipation from poverty for the more than one-billion people who are unable to satisfy their basic human needs, in a world that has never been richer in material terms. Critical development studies attempts to understand why the many projects of development that have been implemented have not led to the stated emancipatory goal after five decades of multiple initiatives and resources, and propose alternatives to the conventional model. To that end, this article examines and theorizes the dynamic of capitalist system's development project; offers tools for the analysis of States, societies and communities which have attempted to create better living conditions and defy orthodox models; outline the resistance to capitalism and the search for alternatives in the peripheries; conceptualize peripheral capitalist subdevelopment or development and post-capitalism or post-development from a perspective of unequal development; reveal the failure of dominant economic development theory and policy that is unable to understand or ignores the underlying dynamic of capitalist development. Consequently, the article proposes going beyond capitalism with the forces of progressive change, oriented toward an alternative development. It analyzes case studies in China and Latin America, where a series of hybridizations are identified that could offer lessons for how to create alternatives to capitalism.
Inverse problem approach to evaluate quadratic Zeeman effect for an atomic fountain frequency standard KRISS-F1
Authors: Park Young-Ho , Eon Park Sang , Lee Sangmin , Heo Myoung-Sun , Yong Kwon Taeg , Hong Hyun-Gue , Lee Sang-Bum
Published: April 2021

The evaluation of the quadratic Zeeman shift in atomic fountain frequency standards requires information on the magnetic field distribution along the drift region. Plotting Zeeman frequencies against various launching heights provides the temporally averaged magnetic field values seen by the flying atoms. Using those data, we were able to deduce a reasonable field map by taking the approach of solving an inverse problem. We employed a regularization method after establishing a linear set of equations. The analysis enabled us to evaluate the quadratic Zeeman shift and its uncertainty against various launching heights. Our method encompasses and generalizes the deconvolution method. This paper covers the mathematical tricks to solve the inverse problem and its application to the atomic fountain frequency standard KRISS-F1.
Facile fabrication for a stable interface in 2D materials/graphene van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Du Hyewon , Kim Seonyeong , Kim Taekwang , Shin Somyeong , Song Hyeon-kyo , Kim Hansung , Kang Dain , Woo Yun Sung , Seo Sunae
Published: April 2021

In order to fully utilize the excellent electrical properties of graphene as an electrode, it is essential to preserve the nature of pristine graphene. However, structural defects or polymer residues during the conventional fabrication steps are inevitable, severely limiting device performance. To overcome these issues, we used a seamless lateral graphene–graphene oxide (GO)-graphene layer fabricated by oxidation scanning probe lithography as electrodes of the MoS2 field-effect transistor. We demonstrated residue-free and flawless graphene surfaces and furthermore GO interlayer between the MoS2 and gate dielectric reduces interface roughness and screens interface traps, leading to improved electron injection and carrier mobility.
Sistem Informasi Pemasaran dengan Penerapan CRM (Customer Relationship Management) Berbasis Website menggunakan Metode Waterfall dan Agile
Authors: Irsandi Johar Saputra , Fitri Iskandar , Nathasia Novi Dian
Published: April 2021

Bella Frame ART shop is a business shop that is engaged in selling paintings, calligraphy, and frames. Until now, the promotion method still uses brochures, posters, and pamphlets, so shop owners need a lot of money to convey information to a broad target market. Storing the results of feedback, or messages from customers is also needed, in order to assist the store in making decisions in product marketing and customer service in the future. With the application of CRM in the website-based marketing information system at the Bella Frame ART Shop, data storage can be stored neatly and in detail, and delivery of product information to customers can be done more easily and quickly and is expected to help the store make decisions in marketing products and customer service for the future. In this study, the authors used application development methods, namely the waterfall and agile methods. Web-based information systems with the proposed Customer Relationship Management (CRM) method are systems that meet the needs and have the advantage of being integrated with systems related to marketing information systems. As well as using the waterfall method can help writers in the first stage of application development because testing is carried out after the application has been run while the agile method is used at a later stage so that it can cover deficiencies in the first stage of application development, namely requests for changing needs so that applications can continue to be developed despite requests needs change and application testing can continue at any time so that errors or bugs can be found more easily.Keywords:Information Systems, Customer Relationship Management, Website, Waterfall, Agile.
Material Selection of Machine Design using Expert System: A Comparative Study
Authors: Jana Prithwiraj
Published: April 2021

This research venture one of the major concerns in the field of expert system. Material selection an important key issue of machine design. Objectives of computerized selection procedure are reduced to personal bias and gives the more accurate optimized result. The concept of entropy; to evaluate the weight factor for each alternative material property or performance index, and the other is TOPSIS and SAW; to rank the candidate materials, for which several requirements are considered simultaneously. Sensitivity analysis is introduced here for better performance of selection.
Comparative Analysis of Intrusion Detection Attack Based on Machine Learning Classifiers
Authors: Atnafu Surafel Mehari , Acharya Anuja Kumar
Published: April 2021

In current day information transmitted from one place to another by using network communication technology. Due to such transmission of information, networking system required a high security environment. The main strategy to secure this environment is to correctly identify the packet and detect if the packet contains a malicious and any illegal activity happened in network environments. To accomplish this, we use intrusion detection system (IDS). Intrusion detection is a security technology that design detects and automatically alert or notify to a responsible person. However, creating an efficient Intrusion Detection System face a number of challenges. These challenges are false detection and the data contain high number of features. Currently many researchers use machine learning techniques to overcome the limitation of intrusion detection and increase the efficiency of intrusion detection for correctly identify the packet either the packet is normal or malicious. Many machine-learning techniques use in intrusion detection. However, the question is which machine learning classifiers has been potentially to address intrusion detection issue in network security environment. Choosing the appropriate machine learning techniques required to improve the accuracy of intrusion detection system. In this work, three machine learning classifiers are analyzed. Support vector Machine, Naïve Bayes Classifier and K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers. These algorithms tested using NSL KDD dataset by using the combination of Chi square and Extra Tree feature selection method and Python used to implement, analyze and evaluate the classifiers. Experimental result show that K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers outperform the method in categorizing the packet either is normal or malicious.
Fourteenth Addenda to Criticism of the Current Science in the World
Authors: Malekinejad* Pejman
Published: April 2021

In this article, some facts related to psychiatry and my health were reviewed and the cause and remedial actions for my schizophrenia were mentioned. It was deduced that I felt HEALTHY with my entertainments. Furthermore, some facts about sexual medicine were illustrated. Also some scientific problems of Iran were mentioned. It was concluded that Iran and I will not become anything in the science, I have no intelligence and Iran and I will not become anything in general. Also two petitions were introduced in this paper. In addition, it was deduced that the only way for the scientific advancement of Iran is to make Iran a state of USA.
VANET: Framework, Challenges and Applications
Authors: D Kalaivani
Published: April 2021

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is one of the essential research field because of large increase in usage of vehicles on road. Many VANET applications are employed to improve road safety conditions, vehicle traffic, an emergency warning to vehicle drivers, collision avoidance and other non-safety applications for comfort. The main aim of these applications are to modernize the various processes associated with road traffic, vehicles, drivers, passengers and pedestrians by implementing smart transport systems. This study is to implement an intelligent vehicular transport design to improve the road safety, navigation and comfort. VANET communication technology is a combination of mobile vehicles with ad hoc networks. The purpose of this research is to predict and prevent road accidents by transmitting emergency messages using vehicular network technology. While transmitting emergency messages, the VANET has various challenges. They are High mobility of the vehicles, Dynamic topology, Wireless communication, Minimum transmission delay, Connectivity of the network, optimal usage of transmission power. These challenges leave the vehicular networking disconnected and make an exchange of information very difficult. Even though many researchers have done significant work during the last decade on vehicular networking, some problems have not yet been solved.