bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interventions Within the Scope of Occupational Therapy to Improve Activities of Daily Living, Rest, and Sleep in People With Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Doucet Barbara M. , Franc Ingrid , Hunter Elizabeth G.
Published: April 2021

Importance: People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) commonly experience difficulty in performing activities of daily living (ADLs), which affects their perceived quality of life.

Objective: To examine the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions within the scope of occupational therapy to improve performance and participation in ADLs, rest, and sleep in adults with PD.

Data Sources: Databases searched were MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, OTseeker, and Cochrane Collection. Included articles were published between January 2011 and December 2018.

Study Selection and Data Collection: Articles describing Level 1b, 2b, and 3b studies that examined outcomes related to ADLs, rest, and sleep in people with PD were included following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Findings: Forty-five articles (10 Level 1b, 27 Level 2b, and 8 Level 3b) met the inclusion criteria.

Conclusions and Relevance: Strong strength of evidence was found to support inpatient multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment (MIRT) to improve ADLs, and moderate strength of evidence that MIRT improves sleep performance. Low strength of evidence was present for outpatient occupational therapy to improve ADL and sleep outcomes. Low strength of evidence was found for resistance exercise programs to improve ADLs, but moderate strength of evidence indicates that multimodal exercise programs and targeted exercise programs can improve ADLs. Low to moderate strength of evidence suggested that alternative therapies and cognitive–behavioral therapy have a positive impact on ADLs and sleep. These results can be used to inform evidence-based occupational therapy practice.

What This Article Adds: This article provides information for practitioners on the effectiveness of interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice to improve ADLs and sleep.
Learning Vector Illustration with Adobe Illustrator
Authors: Hopper Jodi Staniunas
Published: April 2021

When you begin using vector illustration software it can be confusing and frustrating to even work out how to make a mark on the page - but this new hybrid approach to learning integrates tutorial videos and step-by-step projects to help you become confident in no time.

Starting with first principles, this book introduces you to all the important tools and processes – from the basics of Bezier curves to applying meshes – so you can quickly and efficiently create your own designs. As you learn each skill there are projects for you to try out, and by the end of the book you’ll build up to a major design project to put all your new abilities into practice.
Gender and Early Television
Authors: Arnold Sarah
Published: April 2021

Between the nineteenth century and the mid-twentieth century television transformed from an idea to an institution. In Gender and Early Television, Sarah Arnold traces women’s relationship to the new medium of television across this period in the UK and USA. She argues that women played a crucial role in its development both as producers and as audiences long before the ‘golden age’ of television in the 1950s.

Beginning with the emergence of media entertainment in the mid-nineteenth century and culminating in the rise of the post-war television industries, Arnold claims that, all along the way, women had a stake in television. As keen consumers of media, women also helped promote television to the public by performing as ‘television girls’. Women worked as directors, producers, technical crew and announcers. It seemed that television was open to women. However, as Arnold shows, the increasing professionalisation of television resulted in the segregation of roles. Production became the sphere of men and consumption the sphere of women. While this binary has largely informed women’s role in television, through her analysis, Arnold argues that it has not always been the case.
Contesting Africa’s New Green Revolution
Authors: Ignatova Jacqueline A.
Published: April 2021

Genetically modified crops have become a key element of development strategies across the global South, despite remaining deeply controversial. Proponents hail them as an example of ‘pro-poor’ innovation, while critics regard them as a threat to food sovereignty and the environment. The promotion of biotechnology is an integral part of ‘new Green Revolution for Africa’ interventions and is also intimately linked to the rise of ‘philanthrocapitalism,’ which advances business solutions to address the problem of poverty.

Through interviews with farmers, policymakers and agricultural scientists, Jacqueline Ignatova shows how efforts to transform the seed sector in northern Ghana–one of the key laboratories of this ‘new Green Revolution’-may serve to exacerbate the inequality it was notionally intended to address. But she also argues that its effects in Ghana have been far more complex than either side of the debate has acknowledged, with local farmers proving adept at blending traditional and modern agricultural methods that subvert the interests of global agribusiness.
Edge of Memory
Authors: Nunn Patrick
Published: April 2021

How much of the folk tales of our ancestors is rooted in fact, and what can they tell us about the future?

In today’s society it is the written word that holds the authority. We are more likely to trust the words found in a history textbook over the version of history retold by a friend – after all, human memory is unreliable, and how can you be sure your friend hasn’t embellished the facts? But before humans were writing down their knowledge, they were passing it on in the form of stories.

The Edge of Memorycelebrates the predecessor of written information – the spoken word, tales from our ancestors that have been passed down, transmitting knowledge from one generation to the next. Among the most extensive and best-analysed of these stories are from native Australian cultures. These stories conveyed both practical information and recorded history, describing a lost landscape, often featuring tales of flooding and submergence. Folk traditions such as these are increasingly supported by hard science. Geologists are starting to corroborate the tales through study of climatic data, sediments and land forms; the evidence was there in the stories, but until recently, nobody was listening.

In this book, Patrick Nunn unravels the importance of these tales, exploring the science behind folk history from around the world – including northwest Europe and India – and what it can tell us about environmental phenomena, from coastal drowning to volcanic eruptions. These stories of real events were handed down the generations over thousands of years, and they have broad implications for our understanding of how human societies have developed through the millennia, and ultimately how we respond collectively to changes in climate, our surroundings and the environment we live in.
The Reenactment in Contemporary Screen Culture
Authors: Carrigy Megan
Published: April 2021

During the first decades of the 21st century, a critical re-assessment of the reenactment as a form of historical representation has taken place in the disciplines of history, art history and performance studies. Engagement with the reenactment in film and media studies has come almost entirely from the field of documentary studies and has focused almost exclusively on non-fiction, even though reenactments are being employed across fiction and non-fiction film and television genres. Working with an eclectic collection of case studies from Milk, Monster, Boys Don’t Cry, and The Battle of Orgreave to CSI and the video of police assaulting Rodney King, this book examines the relationship between the status of theatricality in the reenactment and the ways in which its relationships to reference are performed. Carrigy shows that while the practice of reenactment predates technically reproducible media, and continues to exist in both live and mediated forms, it has been thoroughly transformed through its incorporation within forms of technical media.
hyphen
Authors: Mahdavi Pardis
Published: April 2021

Object Lessons is a series of short, beautifully designed books about the hidden lives of ordinary things.

To hyphenate or not to hyphenate has been a central point of controversy since before the imprinting of the first Gutenberg Bible. And yet, the hyphen has persisted, bringing and bridging new words and concepts.

Hyphen follows the story of the hyphen from antiquity – "Hyphen” is derived from an ancient Greek word meaning “to tie together” – to the present, but also uncovers the politics of the hyphen and the role it plays in creating identities. The journey of this humble piece of connective punctuation reveals the quiet power of an orthographic concept to speak to the travails of hyphenated individuals all over the world. Hyphen is ultimately a compelling story about the powerful ways that language and identity intertwine.

Mahdavi – herself a hyphenated Iranian-American – weaves in her own experiences struggling to find her own sense of self amidst feelings of betwixt and between. We meet three other individuals who are each on a similar journey and watch as they find a way to embrace the space of the hyphen – rejecting the false choice of trying to fit into previously prescribed identities. Through their stories, we collectively consider how belonging only serves to fulfill the failures of troubled states, regimes, or institutions and offer possibilities to navigate, articulate, and empower new identities.

Object Lessons is published in partnership with an essay series in The Atlantic.
EU Law and International Arbitration
Authors: von Papp Konstanze
Published: April 2021

This timely book addresses the main areas of tension between EU law and international arbitration, looking at both commercial and investment treaty arbitration. It opens pathways for practical solutions based on communication between the different regimes. At the same time, it offers a sound theoretical basis that allows for addressing the core problem as normative conflict between legitimate public interests and the ‘privatisation of justice’.

The book is divided into five parts. It introduces key aspects of the overall tension between EU law and international arbitration, before setting out the theoretical framework, arguing that EU law, international commercial arbitration, and investment treaty arbitration are operationally closed systems. The author then addresses the core problem of finding the limits to contracting out of the EU legal order, which is linked to the question of trust-building and hence the legitimacy of the respective legal regimes. The book concludes with a short summary of each chapter and key theses.

Combining a theoretical and normative stance with a more pragmatic approach to very topical issues, this book offers invaluable insights for academics and practitioners, private and public, commercial and investment treaty lawyers alike.
Review of Viet Nam’s Family Planning Program in the context of declining donor funding
Authors: Thi Le Minh , Ha Bui Thi Thu
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to review the evolution of the family planning program (PFP) and its learning experiences in transition from international donors to national funding. A total of 126 secondary documents including demographic and other surveys, government policy documents/ reports, donor reports, and published research were reviewed. PFP is a priority of the Vietnam Government. The policy process of transition was gradually and jointly implemented by both donors and the Viet Nam Government. The high cost-effectiveness and high impacts of the PFP policy were also as rationales for investment in the context of international budget declining. This inﬂuenced national political leaders to give sustained attention to theissue. This important lesson can be considered for applying several similar programs such as HIV/AIDS in Vietnam and in other countries.
Đặc điểm triệu chứng lâm sàng và xét nghiệm lao ở những người tiếp xuc gân với bệnh nhân lao tại 4 huyện của Hải Phòng năm 2018
Authors: Hồi Trân Thị Bích , Hương Dương Thị , Chính Nguyễn Quang , Hợi Lê Văn
Published: April 2021

Nghiên cứu cắt ngang trên những người trong cùng hộ gia đình của bệnh nhân lao và người tiếp xúc gần với bệnh nhân lao ở cộng đồng được phát hiện và chẩn đoán điều trị trong chương trình lao nhằm mô tả đặc điểm triệu chứng lâm sàng và xét nghiệm lao ở những người tiếp xúc gần với bệnh nhân lao tại 4 huyện của Hải Phòng năm 2018. Kết quả thu được như sau: Các triệu chứng nghi lao xuất hiện ở nhóm nghiên cứu với các tỷ lệ: ho 46,3%; ho có đờm 23,1%; ho có máu 0,5%; đau ngực và khó thở 14,6%; sốt 1,4%; vã mồ hôi vào ban đêm 6,7%; mệt mỏi 20,1%. Các kết quả xét nghiệm ở nhóm đối tượng nghiên cứu: Tỷ lệ có kết quả bất thường nghi lao trong số được chụp X-Quang là 12,5%. Nhóm người tiếp xúc hộ gia đình có vi khuẩn lao trong kết quả xét nghiệm gen Xpert là 12,4% cao hơn so với nhóm người tiếp xúc cộng đồng 11,9%. Có 31 bệnh nhân chiếm tỷ lệ 0,7% được soi đờm. Tỷ lệ có kết quả dương tính (+) và (++) chiếm 9,7%; tỷ lệ (+++) chiếm 3,2%; tỷ lệ âm tính là 77,4%. Tỷ lệ mắc lao của đối tượng nghiên cứu là 0,6%; nhóm người tiếp xúc trong hộ gia đình có tỷ lệ mắc lao là 0,6%; nhóm tiếp xúc cộng đồng mắc lao với tỷ lệ là 0,4%, sự khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê.
Sự hài lòng của người bệnh về chất lượng dịch vụ y tế tại Khoa Y học cổ truyền, Bệnh viện Quân Y 175, năm 2020
Authors: Hậu Phạm Văn , Tiên Lê Cẩm , Hoàng Trần Viết
Published: April 2021

Nghiên cứu được tiến hành nhằm mục tiêu mô tả sự hài lòng của người bệnh về chất lượng dịch vụ y tế tại Khoa Y học cổ truyền, Bệnh viện Quân Y 175, năm 2020. Qua điều tra trực tiếp 165 người bệnh về sự hài lòng của người bệnh nội trú tại Khoa Y học cổ truyền, Bệnh viện Quân Y 175 trong năm 2020 bằng bộ câu hỏi cho thấy: Tuổi trung bình của mẫu nghiên cứu là 52,2  12,8 tuổi, nhỏ nhất là 21 tuổi và lớn nhất là 78 tuổi. Tỷ lệ theo giới và nhóm tuổi tương đương nhau. Người bệnh đánh giá sự hài lòng ở mức rất tốt (80,0%) hoặc tốt (18,9%), cao nhất ở câu hỏi “Được bác sỹ thăm khám, động viên” gần như tuyệt đối. Trong 5 tiêu chí theo hướng dẫn của Bộ Y tế thì tỷ lệ người bệnh hài lòng cao nhất ở tiêu chí “khả năng tiếp cận”. Một tỷ lệ đáng kể người bệnh không hài lòng nhất ở tiêu chí “cơ sở vật chất” liên quan đến nhà vệ sinh cũng như chi phí dịch vụ y tế. Điểm trung bình theo 5 tiêu chí của Bộ Y tế là 4,79 điểm. Theo thứ tự thấp dần là thái độ ứng xử (4,88 điểm), cung cấp dịch vụ (4,80 điểm), tính minh bạch thông tin (4,78 điểm), cơ sở vật chất (4,77 điểm) và khả năng tiếp cận (4,72 điểm). Bệnh viện nên duy trì và cải thiện hơn nữa để thu hút bệnh nhân nhiều hơn cũng như nâng cao kết quả điều trị cho bệnh nhân.
Milli Kütüphane’de Bulunan 06 Mil Yz A 2762 Numaralı Şiir Mecmuasının MESTAP’a Göre Tasnifi
Authors: ARITÜRK Çiğdem , ÇUKURLU Talip
Published: April 2021

Şiir mecmuaları, yazıldıkları dönemin edebî zevkini yansıtan ve klasik Türk edebiyatı çalışmalarına önemli katkıları olan eserlerdir. Bu önemli kaynaklar sayesinde divan sahibi şairlerin divanlarında bulunmayan şiirlere, daha önce kaynaklarda ismi geçmeyen şairlere ve kaynaklarda adı olan fakat elde şiirleri bulunmayan şairlerin eserlerine ulaşmak mümkündür. Son yıllarda mecmuaların sınıflandırılmasına imkân sağlayan veri tabanlarının geliştirilmesi konusunda önemli çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmaların en kapsamlısı, “MESTAP” (Mecmuaların Sistematik Tasnifi Projesi)’tır. Bu proje, mecmuaların ortak bir şablona göre sınıflandırılmasına ve bu mecmuaların dijital bir veri tabanında toplanmasına imkân sağlamıştır.Bu makalede, Milli Kütüphane Yazmalar Koleksiyonu 06 Mil Yz A 2762 numarada bulunan ve “Mecmûa-i Eş’âr” adıyla kayıtlı yazma eser incelenmiştir. Eserde yazarı olduğunu düşündüğümüz Haydar haricinde sadece Koca Râgıp Paşa’ya ait bir beyit bulunmaktadır. Kaçıncı yüzyılda yazıldığı kesin olarak belirlenemeyen, otuz üç varaklı bu eserin içerik bakımından değerlendirmesi, “MESTAP” (Mecmuaların Sistematik Tasnifi Projesi) kapsamında hazırlanan tablo üzerinde yapılmıştır. Bu eserde bulunan şiirlerin konu bütünlüğü bakımından, dil ve üslup özelliğinden ve açıklama mahiyetindeki mensur kısımlarından hareketle tek bir kişiye ait olabileceği (Haydar) ve mahlas kullanılmayan şiirlerin de Haydar’a aidiyeti ihtimali, makalede tartışılacak bir diğer husustur. İncelenen eserde Haydar’a ait 135 şiir ile Koca Râgıp Paşa’ya (1698-1763) ait bir beyitle beraber 136’sı manzum ve 11’i mensur olmak üzere toplam 147 metin yer almaktadır. Koca Râgıp Paşa’ya ait bir beyitin de bulunması, bu eserin 18. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinden sonra kaleme alınmış olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
Quantitative Description of Digital Media
Authors: Munger Kevin , Guess Andrew M. , Hargittai Eszter
Published: April 2021

We introduce the rationale for a new peer-reviewed scholarly journal, theJournal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media. The journal is intendedto create a new venue for research on digital media and address severaldeficiencies in the current social science publishing landscape. First,descriptive research is undersupplied and undervalued. Second, researchquestions too often only reflect dominant theories and received wisdom.Third, journals are constrained by unnecessary boundaries defined bydiscipline, geography, and length. Fourth, peer review is inefficient andunnecessarily burdensome for both referees and authors. We outline thejournal’s scope and structure, which is open access, fee-free and relies on aLetter of Inquiry (LOI) model. Quantitative description can appeal to socialscientists of all stripes and is a crucial methodology for understanding thecontinuing evolution of digital media and its relationship to importantquestions of interest to social scientists.
Pandemics, Protests, and Publics
Authors: Shugars Sarah , Gitomer Adina , McCabe Stefan , Gallagher Ryan J. , Joseph Kenneth , Grinberg Nir , Doroshenko Larissa , Foucault Welles Brooke , Lazer David
Published: April 2021

As an integral component of public discourse, Twitter is among the main data sources for scholarship in this area. However, there is much that scholars do not know about the basic mechanisms of public discourse on Twitter, including the prevalence of various modes of communication, the types of posts users make, the engagement those posts receive, or how these things vary with user demographics and across different topical events. This paper broadens our understanding of these aspects of public discourse. We focus on the first nine months of 2020, studying that period as a whole and giving particular attention to two monumentally important topics of that time: the Black Lives Matter movement and the COVID-19 pandemic. Leveraging a panel of 1.6 million Twitter accounts matched to U.S. voting records, we examine the demographics, activity, and engagement of 800,000 American adults who collectively posted nearly 300 million tweets during this time span. We find notable variation in user activity and engagement, in terms of modality (e.g., retweets vs. replies), demographic subgroup, and topical context. We further find that while Twitter can best be understood as a collection of interconnected publics, neither topical nor demographic variation perfectly encapsulates the "Twitter public." Rather, Twitter publics are fluid, contextual communities which form around salient topics and are informed by demographic identities. Together, this paper presents a disaggregated, multifaceted description of the demographics, activity, and engagement of American Twitter users in 2020.
Love and Anger in Global Party Politics
Authors: Muraoka Taishi , Montgomery Jacob , Lucas Christopher , Tavits Margit
Published: April 2021

The reactions feature of Facebook provides an opportunity to explore emotional responses to political messages across the globe on a common platform. In this article, we describe this new measure and present a dataset of over two million posts from the Facebook pages of 690 political parties in 79 democracies. We study Love and Angry reactions to these posts, their potential use as measures of emotional response, and party-level variation in the frequency of these reactions.  We find that parties receive systematically different proportions of Love and Angry reactions depending on their ideology, party family, and populist orientation. More extreme parties tend to elicit relatively greater emotional responses. Nationalist, populist, and right-leaning parties in particular elicit a higher proportion of Angry reactions and emotional polarization.
A Typology-Based Approach to Tracing-App Adoption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of the SwissCovid App
Authors: Geber Sarah , Friemel Thomas
Published: April 2021

Contact tracing technology has been introduced in many countries as part of the COVID-19 containment strategy. However, research indicates that current adoption rates are too low for tracing apps to be effective. To address the complexity of app adoption, a typology-based approach is presented that differentiates between refusers who generally reject app adoption, ditherers who hesitate to adopt the app, adopters who have downloaded and activated the app, and de-adopters who had installed the app but later uninstalled it. A national online survey of N = 1,535 participants in Switzerland revealed significant differences among these groups of people regarding their perceptions about app-related benefits and costs, knowledge about data handling in technology, and app-related opinion leadership. The results indicate that communication strategies that aim to enhance the rate of app adoption should focus on ditherers and adopters; the former are the most promising target group for behavioral change efforts, and the latter seem to be the best means to reach out to this promising group.
Evidence of Decreasing Internet Entropy: The Lack of Redundancy in DNS Resolution by Major Websites and Services
Authors: Bates Samantha , Bowers John , Greenstein Shane , Weinstock Jordi , Xu Yunhan , Zittrain Jonathan
Published: April 2021

The Internet, and the Web built on top of it, were intended to support an “entropic” physical and logical network map (Zittrain, 2013). That is, they have been designed to allow servers to be spread anywhere in the world in an ad hoc and evolving fashion, rather than a centralized one. Arbitrary distance among, and number of, servers causes no particular architectural problems, and indeed ensures that problems experienced by one data source remain unlinked to others. A Web page can be assembled from any number of upstream sources, through the use of various URLs, each pointing to a different location. To a user, the page looks unified. Over time, however, there are signs that the hosting and finding of Internet services has become more centralized. We explore and document one possible dimension of this centralization. We analyze the extent to which the Internet’s global domain name resolution (DNS) system has preserved its distributed resilience given the rise of cloud-based hosting and infrastructure. We offer evidence of the dramatic concentration of the DNS hosting market in the hands of a small number of cloud service providers over a period spanning from 2011-2018. In addition, we examine changes in domains’ tendency to “diversify” their pool of nameservers – how frequently domains employ DNS management services from multiple providers rather than just one provider. Throughout the paper, we use the catastrophic October 2016 attack on Dyn, a major DNS hosting provider, to illustrate the cybersecurity consequences of our analysis.
Digital Media Landscape in Brazil: Political (Mis)Information and Participation on Facebook and WhatsApp
Authors: Rossini Patricia , Baptista Érica Anita , Veiga de Oliveira Vanessa , Stromer-Galley Jennifer
Published: April 2021

WhatsApp is one of the most used messaging platforms across the globe and is particularly prominent in the Global South. Despite being a private messaging app, WhatsApp is becoming an important platform for political information and political talk, which raises concerns about the spread of misinformation on the platform. This paper presents comprehensive descriptive results of a national survey of internet users in Brazil, focusing on political information on social media. Our data shows that Brazilians are very active social media users, particularly on Facebook and WhatsApp, and consider these platforms very important to fulfill a myriad of political and informational aims. However, they also demonstrate great concern about the quality and accuracy of information circulating online. Despite finding significant differences in how these two platforms are used, the data suggests that WhatsApp is becoming central to how Brazilians have access to and engage with politics.
Assessment of Entrepreneurship Skills Development on Employment Generation Strategy in Tertiary Institutions in Lagos State
Authors: Akingbade Waidi Adeniyi
Published: April 2021

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of entrepreneurship skills development on employment generation strategy in tertiary institutions in Lagos State. Descriptive survey research method was used to elicit information from the respondents. The population of study was 5000 students from eight tertiary institutions in the state that registered for ready set work programme organized by Lagos State government. The samples for the study were 370 using Yamane (1967) formula while, purposive and simple random sampling technique was used to select participants for the study and questionnaire administration was engaged as instrument to elicit information from the participants. Regression and ANOVA inferential statistical tools were adopted. Three tested hypotheses were consonant with the objectives of the study. The study revealed that employability skill had significant impact on job orientation; vocational skill enhanced job creation and life skill positively affect self-employment. The study recommends the need for graduate of higher institutions to be adequately equipped with generic entrepreneurship skills in other to be employable, employer of labour, self-employed and to compete in the global business environment to improve employment and reduce poverty.
Social Construction of Language Learners: A Bakhtinian Analysis of EFL Learners’ Subjectivity in the Multilingual Context of Pakistan
Authors: Imdad Ullah Khan  , Ayesha Perveen  , Akifa Imtiaz
Published: April 2021

ESL/EFL scholarship has traditionally adopted a cognitivist andpsychoanalytical approach towards learning a language based on the premisethat languages are abstract unitary systems. In recent decades, however, therehas been a greater emphasis on the role of social, cultural, andautobiographical factors in language learning. Bakhtin’s socially-orientedphilosophy of language offers a useful lens to view EFL learning as a situatedactivity and EFL learners as multidimensional social actors who configuretheir English learning trajectories within broader social and institutionalfactors. Based on a broader ethnographic study, analysis in this article takes aBakhtinian perspective to understand how multilingual EFL learners innorthern Pakistan construct their identity at the intersection of social,domestic, and future-oriented factors. The analysis shows that locallanguages, school, and family language policies, and imagined Englishspeaking communities have significant implications for learners' orientationand motivation towards learning EFL. The article suggests that responding tothe social turn in applied linguistics, EFL classroom, and pedagogy inPakistan needs to broaden its purview to support individual learnerseffectively negotiate their complex learning trajectories and build empoweringlearner identities.
Influence of atmospheric conditions on the role of trifluoroacetic acid in atmospheric sulfuric acid–dimethylamine nucleation
Authors: Liu Ling , Yu Fangqun , Tu Kaipeng , Yang Zhi , Zhang Xiuhui
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Ambient measurements combined with theoretical simulations have shown evidence that the tropospheric degradation end-products of Freon alternatives, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), one of the most important and abundant atmospheric organic substances, can enhance the nucleation process based on sulfuric acid (SA) and dimethylamine (DMA) in urban environments. However, TFA is widespread all over the world under different atmospheric conditions, such as temperature and nucleation precursor concentration, which are the most important factors potentially influencing the atmospheric nucleation process and thus inducing different nucleation mechanisms. Herein, using the density functional theory combined with the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code, the influence of temperature and nucleation precursor concentrations on the role of TFA in the SA–DMA nucleation has been investigated. The results indicate that the growth trends of clusters involving TFA can increase with the decrease in temperature. The enhancement on particle formation rate by TFA and the contributions of the SA–DMA–TFA cluster to the cluster formation pathways can be up to 227-fold and 95 %, respectively, at relatively low temperature, low SA concentration, high TFA concentration, and high DMA concentration, such as in winter, at the relatively high atmospheric boundary layer, or in megacities far away from industrial sources of sulfur-containing pollutants. These results provide the perspective of the realistic role of TFA in different atmospheric environments, revealing the potential influence of the tropospheric degradation of Freon alternatives under a wide range of atmospheric conditions.
Climate and ice sheet evolutions from the last glacial maximum to the pre-industrial period with an ice sheet – climate coupled model
Authors: Quiquet Aurélien , Roche Didier M. , Dumas Christophe , Bouttes Nathaëlle , Lhardy Fanny
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The last deglaciation offers an unique opportunity to understand the climate – ice sheet interactions in a global warming context. In this paper, to tackle this question, we use an Earth system model of intermediate complexity coupled to an ice sheet model covering the Northern Hemisphere to simulate the last deglaciation and the Holocene (26–0 ka BP). We use a synchronous coupling every year between the ice sheet and the rest of the climate system and we ensure a closed water cycle considering the release of freshwater flux to the ocean due to ice sheet melting. Our reference experiment displays a gradual warming in response to the forcings, with no abrupt changes. In this case, while the amplitude of the freshwater flux to the ocean induced by ice sheet retreat is realistic, it is sufficient to shut down the Atlantic meridional overturning from which the model does not recover within the time period simulated. However, with reduced freshwater flux we are nonetheless able to obtain different oceanic circulation evolutions, including some abrupt transitions between shut-down and active circulation states in the course of the deglaciation. The fast oceanic circulation recoveries lead to abrupt warming phases in Greenland. Our simulated ice sheet geometry evolution is in overall good agreement with available global reconstructions, even though the abrupt sea level rise at 14.6 kaBP is underestimated, possibly because the climate model underestimates the millenial- scale temperature variability. In the course of the deglaciation, large-scale grounding line instabilities are simulated both for the Eurasian and North American ice sheets. The first instability occurs in the Barents-Kara seas for the Eurasian ice sheet at 14.5 kaBP. A second grounding line instability occurs circa 12 kaBP in the proglacial lake that formed at the southern margin of the North American ice sheet. With additional asynchronously coupled experiments, we assess the sensitivity of our results to different ice sheet model choices related to surface and sub-shelf mass balance, ice deformation and grounding line representation. While the ice sheet evolutions differ within this ensemble, the global climate trajectory is only weakly affected by these choices. In our experiments, only the abrupt shifts in the oceanic circulation due to freshwater fluxes are able to produce some millenial-scale variability since no self-generating abrupt transitions are simulated without these fluxes.
Controls on the hydraulic geometry of alluvial channels: bank stability to gravitational failure, the critical-flow hypothesis, and conservation of mass and energy
Authors: Pelletier Jon D.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The bank-full depths, widths, depth-averaged water
velocities, and along-channel slopes of alluvial channels are approximately
power-law functions of bank-full discharge across many orders of magnitude.
What mechanisms give rise to these patterns is one of the central questions
of fluvial geomorphology. Here it is proposed that the bank-full depths of
alluvial channels are partially controlled by the maximum heights of
gravitationally stable channel banks, which depend on bank material cohesion
and hence on clay content. The bank-full depths predicted by a bank-stability
model correlate with observed bank-full depths estimated from the bends in
the stage–discharge rating curves of 387 U.S. Geological Survey gaging
stations in the Mississippi River basin. It is further proposed that
depth-averaged water velocities scale with bank-full depths as a result of a
self-regulatory feedback among water flow, relative roughness, and
channel-bed morphology that limits depth-averaged water velocities to
within a relatively narrow range associated with Froude numbers that have a
weak inverse relationship to bank-full discharge. Given these constraints on
channel depths and water velocities, bank-full widths and along-channel
slopes consistent with observations follow by conservation of mass and
energy of water flow.
Reduced-complexity air quality intervention modelling over China: development of the InMAPv1.6.1-China and comparison with the CMAQv5.2 model
Authors: Wu Ruili , W. Tessum Christopher , Zhang Yang , Hong Chaopeng , Zheng Yixuan , Zhang Qiang
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This paper presents the first development and evaluation of the reduced-complexity air quality model for China. In this study, a reduced-complexity air quality intervention model over China (InMAPv1.6.1-China, hereafter, InMAP-China) is developed by linking a regional air quality model, a reduced-complexity air quality model, an emission inventory database for China, and a health impact assessment model to rapidly estimate the air quality and health impacts of emission sources in China. The modelling system is applied over mainland China for 2017 under various emission scenarios. A comprehensive model evaluation is conducted by comparison against conventional CMAQ simulations and ground-based observations. We found that InMAP-China satisfactorily predicted total PM2.5 concentrations in terms of statistical performance. Compared with the observed PM2.5 concentrations, the mean bias (MB), normalized mean bias (NMB), and correlations of the total PM2.5 concentrations are −8.1 μg/m3, −18 %, and 0.6, respectively. The statistical performance is considered to be satisfactory for a reduced-complexity air quality model and remains consistent with that evaluated in the United States. The underestimation of total PM2.5 concentrations was mainly caused by its composition, primary PM2.5. In terms of the ability to quantify source contributions of PM2.5 concentrations, InMAP-China presents similar results in comparison with those based on the CMAQ model, the difference is mainly caused by the different mechanism and the treatment of secondary inorganic aerosols in the two models. Focusing on the health impacts, the annual PM2.5-related premature mortality estimated using InMAP-China in 2017 was 1.92 million, which was 25 ten thousand deaths lower than that estimated based on CMAQ simulations as a result of underestimation of PM2.5 concentrations. This work presents a version of the reduced-complexity air quality model over China, provides a powerful tool to rapidly assess the air quality and health impacts associated with control policy, and to quantify the source contribution attributable to many emission sources.
Cross-platform application of a sea ice classification method considering incident angle dependency of backscatter intensity and its use in separating level and deformed ice
Authors: Guo Wenkai , Itkin Polona , Lohse Johannes , Johansson Malin , Doulgeris Anthony Paul
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Wide-swath C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been used for sea ice classification and estimates of sea ice drift and deformation since it first became widely available in the 1990s. Here, we examine the potential to distinguish surface features created by sea ice deformation using ice type classification of SAR data. To perform this task with extended spatial and temporal coverage, we investigate the cross-platform transferability between training sets derived from Sentinel-1 Extra Wide (S1 EW) and RADARSAT-2 (RS2) ScanSAR Wide A (SCWA) and Fine Quad-polarimetric (FQ) data, as the same radiometrically calibrated backscatter coefficients are expected from these two C-band SAR platforms. For this, we use a novel sea ice classification method developed based on Arctic-wide S1 EW training, which considers the ice-type-dependent change of SAR backscatter intensity with incident angle (IA). This study focuses on the region near Fram Strait north of Svalbard to utilize expert knowledge of ice conditions from co-authors who participated in the Norwegian young sea ICE (N-ICE2015) expedition in the region. Separate training sets for S1 EW, RS2 SCWA and RS2 FQ data are derived using manually drawn polygons of different ice types, and are used to re-train the classifier. Results show that although the best classification accuracy is achieved for each dataset using its own training, different training sets yield similar results and IA slopes, with the exception of leads with calm open water, nilas or newly formed ice (the “leads”' class). This is found to be caused by different noise floor configurations of S1 and RS2 data, which lead to different IA slopes of this class. This indicates that dataset-specific re-training is needed for leads in the cross-platform application of the classifier. Based on the classifier thus re-trained for each dataset, the classification scheme is altered to target the separation of level and deformed ice, which enables direct comparison with independently derived sea ice deformation maps. The comparisons show that the classification of C-band SAR can be used to distinguish areas of ice divergence occupied by leads, young ice and level first-year ice (LFYI). However, it has limited capacity in delineating areas of ice deformation due to ambiguities in ice types represented by classes with higher backscatter intensities. This study provides reference to future studies seeking cross-platform application of training sets so they are fully utilized, and we expect further development of the classifier and the inclusion of other SAR datasets to enable image classification-based ice deformation detection using only satellite SAR data.
Snowfall and snow accumulation processes during the MOSAiC winter and spring season
Authors: Wagner David N. , Shupe Matthew D. , Persson Ola G. , Uttal Taneil , Frey Markus M. , Kirchgaessner Amélie , Schneebeli Martin , Jaggi Matthias , Macfarlane Amy R. , Itkin Polona , Arndt Stefanie , Hendricks Stefan , Krampe Daniela , Ricker Robert , Regnery Julia , Kolabutin Nikolai , Shimanshuck Egor , Oggier Marc , Raphael Ian , Lehning Michael
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Data from the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition allowed us to investigate the temporal dynamics of snowfall, snow accumulation, and erosion in great detail for almost the whole accumulation season (November 2019 to May 2020). We computed cumulative snow water equivalent (SWE) over the sea ice based on snow depth (HS) and density retrievals from a SnowMicroPen (SMP) and approximately weekly-measured snow depths along fixed transect paths. Hence, the computed SWE considers surface heterogeneities over an average path length of 1469 m. We used the SWE from the snow cover to compare with precipitation sensors installed during MOSAiC. The data were compared with ERA5 reanalysis snowfall rates for the drift track. Our study shows that the simple fitted HS-SWE function can well be used to compute SWE along a transect path based on SMP SWE retrievals and snow-depth measurements. We found an accumulated snow mass of 34 mm SWE until 26 April 2020. Further, we found that the Vaisala Present Weather Detector 22 (PWD22), installed on a railing on the top deck of research vessel Polarstern was least affected by blowing snow and showed good agreements with SWE retrievals along the transect, however, it also systematically underestimated snowfall. The OTT Pluvio2 and the OTT Parsivel2 were largely affected by wind and blowing snow, leading to higher measured precipitation rates, but when eliminating drifting snow periods, especially the OTT Pluvio2 shows good agreements with ground measurements. A comparison with ERA5 snowfall data reveals a good timing of the snowfall events and good agreement with ground measurements but also a tendency towards overestimation. Retrieved snowfall from the ship-based Ka-band ARM Zenith Radar (KAZR) shows good agreements with SWE of the snow cover and comparable differences as ERA5. Assuming the KAZR derived snowfall as an upper limit and PWD22 as a lower limit of a cumulative snowfall range, we estimate 72 to 107 mm measured between 31 October 2019 and 26 April 2020. For the same period, we estimate the precipitation mass loss along the transect due to erosion and sublimation as between 53 and 68 %. Until 7 May 2020, we suggest a cumulative snowfall of 98–114 mm.
Seasonal Forecasts of the Saharan Heat Low characteristics: A multi-model assessment
Authors: Ngoungue Langue Cedric G. , Lavaysse Christophe , Vrac Mathieu , Peyrille Philippe , Flamant Cyrille
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The Saharan Heat Low (SHL) is a key component of the West African monsoon system at synoptic scale and a driver of summertime precipitation over the Sahel region. Therefore, accurate seasonal precipitation forecasts rely in part on a proper representation of the SHL characteristics in seasonal forecasts models. This is investigated using the last versions of two seasonal forecast systems namely the SEAS5 and MF7 systems respectively from the European Center of Medium range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Meteo-France. The SHL characteristics in the seasonal forecast models is assessed based on a comparison with the fifth ECMWF ReAnalysis (ERA5) for the period 1993–2016. The analysis of the modes of variability shows that the seasonal forecast models have issues with the timing of the SHL pulsations and the intensities when compared to ERA5. SEAS5 and MF7 show a cooling trend centered on the Sahara and a warming trend located in the eastern part of the Sahara, respectively. Both models tend to under-estimate the inter-annual variability of the SHL. We also show that the seasonal forecast models detect the eastward and westward shift of the SHL during the monsoon season. The use of statistical bias correction methods significantly reduces the bias in the seasonal forecast models and improves the forecast score. Despite an improvement of prediction score, the SHL-related forecast skills of SEAS5 and MF7 remain weak for a lead time beyond 1 month.
gestão do conhecimento holística
Authors: Corrêa Fabio , Paula Cláudio Paixão Anastácio de , Ziviani Fabrício , Costa Danilo de Melo , Campos Maria Zuleila Carmona Regino
Published: April 2021

Pontua o paradigma holístico como um padrão científico necessário para tratar os problemas da ciência contemporânea e imperativo para o desenvolvimento de modelos de Gestão do Conhecimento. Assim, esta pesquisa ajusta estes dois campos e apresenta a Gestão do Conhecimento holística, sob o objetivo de analisar a aderência do modelo de Costa (2005) a essa forma de gestão, visando identificar se tal estrutura supre a lacuna de um modelo ancorado nos preceitos deste paradigma. Para atingimento do objetivo proposto é empregada a abordagem quali-quantitativa, fazendo uso da Análise de Conteúdo e quantificação percentílica, respectivamente. Por resultado, o modelo de Costa (2005) adere-se em 61,5 pontos percentis à Gestão do Conhecimento holística, o que permite inferir que a lacuna de um modelo holístico para a Gestão do Conhecimento ainda não foi suprida, considerando a análise específica desse modelo.
Mentoring e gestão da diversidade em empresas globais
Authors: Maia Herta Camila Fernandes Diógenes Nunes , El-Aouar Walid Abbas , Brito Lydia Maria  Pinto , Castro Ahiram Brunni Cartaxo de , Silva Arthur William  Pereira da
Published: April 2021

Objetiva mapear a produção científica sobre mentoring e gestão da diversidade na base de dados Scopus, com o recorte temporal de 2009-2018, para identificar práticas organizacionais que se relacionam à integração social e ao compartilhamento de conhecimento como suporte ao processo de aprendizagem em empresas globais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa viabilizada pelas técnicas de estudo bibliométrico e análise contextual. Os resultados evidenciando o mentoring como alternativa para a promoção da diversidade e diminuição das barreiras a grupos minoritários, especialmente na educação e formação profissional em saúde. Não ficou demonstrada a intenção específica da aplicação das temáticas pesquisadas para facilitar o processo de integração social e aprendizagem organizacional, uma vez que somente as funções psicossociais de suporte e orientação do mentoring, de caráter espontâneo, foram identificadas. Três dimensões da relação entre mentoring e gestão da diversidade puderam ser levantadas e essas poderão subsidiar estudos futuros, sendo: Práticas de integração social e de compartilhamento de conhecimento; Mentoring formal e Mentoring como estratégia inclusiva, de desenvolvimento de competências sociais e emocionais em grupos considerados minoritários.
Acerca do estatuto da imagem nas redes digitais
Authors: Borges Júnior Eli
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo decorre de um projeto de pesquisa em que se pretendeu formular uma proposição teórica sobre os modos e meios de operação das imagens em contextos digitais. Procurando trilhar um caminho fenomenológico de reflexão, o artigo debruça-se sobre o caso Neda Agha-Soltan, jovem assassinada no Irã durante um protesto político no ano de 2009. As imagens de sua morte ganhariam vasta repercussão, reaparecendo inclusive em manifestações posteriores, sobretudo da chamada Primavera Árabe. A partir desse caso – sem, no entanto, qualquer pretensão de generalizar nossas proposições –, buscamos abrir uma possível chave por meio da qual possamos identificar certos aspectos particulares a um tipo de imagem gerada e disseminada a partir do elemento digital. Em certa medida legatária da eletricidade e da reprodutibilidade técnica (W. Benjamin), essa imagem, reformulada, a penetrar as mais variadas esferas da vida com a explosão das tecnologias digitais, sugere reverberar – de modo ainda mais extremo – ecos de uma crise da percepção já anunciada pelo filósofo alemão. Diante disso, indagamos: em que medida a hipertrofia dessas imagens digitais abrir-nos-ia um flanco para vislumbrar mesmo uma relação outra com as imagens, um novo modo de acessá-las e percebê-las? Como poderíamos descrever seus modos de operação sobre nós? Reconhecendo a vastidão do tema e de caminhos possíveis para uma abordagem do mesmo, este texto procura, atravessando noções congruentes de outros autores, problematizar essas questões dilemáticas a partir, sobretudo, da noção de imagem digital como uma espécie de “superfície” comum, território de compartilhamento do sentir.