bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Underwater image restoration via attenuated incident optical model and background segmentation
Authors: Lin Sen , Sun Yuanjie , Ye Ning
Published: October 2024

Underwater images typically exhibit low quality due to complex imaging environments, which impede the development of the Space-Air-Ground-Sea Integrated Network (SAGSIN). Existing physical models often ignore the light absorption and attenuation properties of water, making them incapable of resolving details and resulting in low contrast. To address this issue, we propose the attenuated incident optical model and combine it with a background segmentation technique for underwater image restoration. Specifically, we first utilize the features to distinguish the foreground region of the image from the background region. Subsequently, we introduce a background light layer to improve the underwater imaging model and account for the effects of non-uniform incident light. Afterward, we employ a new maximum reflection prior in the estimation of the background light layer to achieve restoration of the foreground region. Meanwhile, the contrast of the background region is enhanced by stretching the saturation and brightness components. Extensive experiments conducted on four underwater image datasets, using both classical and state-of-the-art (SOTA) algorithms, demonstrate that our method not only successfully restores textures and details but is also beneficial for processing images under non-uniform lighting conditions.
Quantifying the role of iron recycling by Adélie and Emperor penguins over the austral spring and summer in Prydz Bay
Authors: Ratnarajah Lavenia , Emmerson Louise , Southwell Colin , Lannuzel Delphine , Townsend Ashley T. , Bowie Andrew R.
Published: October 2024

In large areas of the Southern Ocean, iron limits phytoplankton production. Although biologically mediated iron recycling has been studied for the higher trophic-level whales and the lower trophic-level krill, less is known of the numerically abundant seabirds foraging in Antarctic waters. In this study, we estimate the magnitude of iron recycled by two Antarctic breeding seabirds, the Adélie and emperor penguins, across the austral spring and summer in the Prydz Bay region, East Antarctica. Their contribution to iron recycling and associated pathways differs in line with their contrasting life history strategies (summer and winter breeding) and their breeding habitat (land and fast ice). We consider their breeding cycle in relation to their terrestrial activities compared to foraging periods at sea. High iron concentration (~419 mg kg−1) in guano of both penguin species suggests that they are a source of regenerated iron. Breeding emperor penguins supplied an average of 237 μmol iron m−2 day−1 on the fast ice that they breed on that eventually ends in the ocean when the ice melts completely in summer (November–February). During their foraging trips, the adult emperor penguins contribute between 7 × 10−5 and 4 × 10−4 μmol iron m−2 day−1, as their foraging ranges increase over the breeding season. In contrast, breeding Adélie penguins supplied between 254 and 1,243 μmol iron m−2 day−1 whilst at their colony, with a fraction of guano entering the ocean via meltwater flowing into the ocean. The flux decreases to 2 × 10−3 to 6 × 10−2 μmol iron m−2 d−1, whilst they are foraging. Our study finds that penguins redistribute a large flux of iron onto their colonies, which may enter the adjacent water through sea ice melt and facilitated through katabatic winds. Despite their high abundance in Prydz Bay, the contribution of penguins to iron flux during their foraging periods is minor, due to the enormous foraging range being covered. Further research into the bioavailability of iron by marine organisms coupled with parallel measurements of seawater iron concentration and phytoplankton uptake experiments will be invaluable in refining iron budgets in both this region and other hotspots along the Antarctic coast where higher trophic-level animals are abundant.
Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms in older patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Fu Jiamin , Zhang Yuchi , Chen Xiaoyu , Yu Xing , Yan Maoxin , Jing Biying , Yu Hongjuan , Li Wenzhen , Guo Qi
Published: October 2024

Background

The relationship between vitamin D and depression has garnered significant attention in recent years. However, the efficacy of vitamin D in ameliorating depression among specific subgroups of older patients remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms and the prevalence of depression in older adults. Additionally, the study sought to examine potential moderating factors, including differences among population subgroups and various supplementation strategies.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to March 2024. The RevMan 5.3 software was utilized to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and to evaluate the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The objective was to determine the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in alleviating depressive symptoms or treating depression in older adults.

Results

This meta-analysis encompassed eleven studies, comprising a total of 21,561 participants. The findings did not indicate a statistically significant therapeutic benefit of vitamin D supplementation for depression in older patients [SMD: −0.10; 95% CI: (−1.19, 0.00); p = 0.05]. Subgroup analyses revealed that the efficacy of vitamin D intervention in geriatric depression correlated with several factors, including baseline serum 25(OH)D levels, the dosage of the intervention, gender, and the initial presence of depressive symptoms or a diagnosis of depression.

Conclusion

The current evidence is insufficient to conclusively establish the significant efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in alleviating depressive symptoms among older patients. Consequently, additional randomized controlled trials are warranted to further validate the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and depression in the older adults.
CT gastrography and enterography retrospective analysis: thickened diaphragm crura is a false indication for a gastric fundic tumor
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wen Ying , Wang Qi , Chen Manman , Yang Ming , Han Xiaoyu , Tang Wenjuan , Shi Heshui
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To mitigate the incidence of misdiagnosis and distinguish between gastric fundic tumors (GFTs) and thickened diaphragmatic crura (TDC).

Materials and methods

Computed tomographic enterography (CTE) data from 3844 cases and computed tomographic gastrography (CTG) data from 4351 cases were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 105 cases were selected and categorized into three groups: 47 cases with TDC examined via CTE, 31 with adenocarcinoma, and 27 with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) examined via CTG. Inter-group differences in age, sex distribution, mass dimensions, mass-stomach interface (MSI), chief complaints, gastric underlying diseases, and enhancement patterns were analyzed.

Results

The misdiagnosis rate of TDC as a tumor by radiologists is approximately 1.2% (47/3844). Age (p<0.05), sex ratio (p<0.05), mean mass size (p<0.05), chief complaint (p<0.05) and mass-stomach interface (MSI, p<0.05) were significantly different among patients with GIST, adenocarcinoma and TDC. The contrast enhancement pattern of TDC markedly differed from that observed in adenocarcinoma (p<0.05) and GIST (p<0.05) patients.

Conclusions

Misdiagnosis of GFTs is occasionally and may be challenging to differentiate from TDC using CTE. To drastically lower the chance of misdiagnosis, this research aimed to assist radiologists in identifying and considering the possibility of TDC.
Expression of HOTAIR and PTGS2 as potential biomarkers in chronic myeloid leukemia patients in Brazil
Authors: Kubaski Benevides Ana Paula , Marin Anelis Maria , Wosniaki Denise K. , Oliveira Rafaela Noga , Koerich Gabriela Marino , Kusma Bianca Nichele , Munhoz Eduardo Cilião , Zanette Dalila Luciola , Aoki Mateus Nóbrega
Published: October 2024

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm in which all the patients has the translocation (9;22) that generates de BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase. Despite this disease possessing a good biomarker (BCR::ABL1 transcripts level) for diagnosis and prognosis, many studies has been performed to investigate other molecules, such as the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs, as potential biomarkers with the aim of predicting a change in BCR::ABL1 levels and as an associated biomarker. A RNAseq was performed comparing 6 CML patients with high BCR::ABL1 expression with 6 healthy control individuals, comprising the investigation cohort to investigate these molecules. To validate the results obtained by RNAseq, samples of 87 CML patients and 42 healthy controls were used in the validation cohort by RT-qPCR assays. The results showed lower expression of HOTAIR and PTGS2 in CML patients. The HOTAIR expression is inversely associated with BCR::ABL1 expression in imatinib-treated CML patients, and to PTGS2 showing that CML patients with high BCR::ABL1 expression showed reduced PTGS2 expression.
The efficiency of liposomal paclitaxel versus docetaxel in neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the TPF regimen for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Zhi , Zuo Quan , Liu Rong , Wu Hui , Chen Jia , Xiong Li , Jia Jieqi , Xiang Zhibi
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This retrospective study aimed to explore the efficiency and untoward reaction of liposomal paclitaxel versus docetaxel for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

This retrospective study included 115 patients diagnosed with NPC at our hospital between January 2018 and December 2021. Patients were stratified into two groups based on their treatment with either liposomal paclitaxel (n = 71) or docetaxel (n = 44) as part of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen. Objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between the two groups.

Results

ORR was significantly improved in the liposomal paclitaxel group than in the docetaxel group (62.0% versus 40.9%, p = 0.028). The 3-year PFS (PFS: 84.4% versus 77.5%, p = 0.303), LRFS (95.8% versus 94.4%, p = 0.810), DMFS (87.2% versus 83.0%, p = 0.443), and OS (90.7% versus 88.8%, p = 0.306) revealed no significance. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [hazard ratio (HR): 3.510; p = 0.039] and distant metastasis (HR: 4.384; p = 0.035) were regarded as the risk factors using multivariate regression analysis. Moreover, the incidence of leukopenia at grades 1–2 in the liposomal paclitaxel group was significantly lower than that in the docetaxel group (28.1% versus 79.5%, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Liposomal paclitaxel had better efficacy in terms of short-term effects and lower incidence of leukopenia at grades 1–2 compared with the docetaxel group.
Measurements of enteral feeding intolerance in critically ill children: a scoping review
Authors: Li Yan , Fu Cong-Hui , Ju Min-Jie , Liu Ji , Yang Xiao-Ya , Xu Ting-Ting
Published: October 2024

Objective

To examine the measurements on enteral feeding intolerance (EFI) in critically ill children.

Methods

The Joanna Briggs Institute methods for conducting a scoping review were followed. Articles published since 2004 which assessed EFI in critically ill children were identified. A full search strategy was executed in seven English databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, JBI EBP, CINAHL) and four Chinese databases (CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Sinomed). Two reviewers screened records according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, and conducted a full-text review of selected articles. The reference lists of all studied selected were screened for additional sources. Relevant data was extracted using a researcher-developed tool.

Results

Of the 627 articles identified, 32 were included in this scoping review. Most articles focused on the measurement of high gastric residual volume (n = 22), followed by diarrhea (n = 20), and vomiting (n = 9). Most of the studies were of observational-analytic design (13/32) and experimental design (8/32).

Conclusion

This scoping review addressed the complexity and diversity of EFI measurements. Given the importance of adequacy of enteral nutrient intake, we highlighted the necessary to develop individual measurements of EFI, taking the age of children and disease condition into consideration. Further studies can also investigate accurate and objective physiological measurements of EFI to advance EN and improve outcomes in critically ill children.
Network meta-analysis of treatment interventions for Helicobacter pylori infection in adult populations in East and Southeast Asia
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Bo-Ren , Guo Si-Tong , Li Yan
Published: October 2024

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection poses a global health challenge, necessitating diverse treatment strategies. This network meta-analysis aimed to assess various treatment regimens for H. pylori in East and Southeast Asian populations.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to 20 Dec 2023, to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on H. pylori treatment interventions in East Asian and Southeast Asian populations. The primary outcome focused on effectiveness, specifically the rate of H. pylori eradication, while the secondary outcome evaluated overall safety, including the incidence of total and serious adverse effects. Network geometry plots were generated to illustrate direct and indirect treatment comparisons, using triple therapy (TT) as the reference standard. Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models to account for study heterogeneity and consistency models for indirect comparisons. The treatment hierarchy was assessed using the ranking probabilities and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values.

Results

79 studies met the inclusion criteria, with 99 paired comparisons. The included studies, conducted in Southeast Asia and among East Asian populations, included 29,903 patients. Significant outcomes in treat effectiveness were observed in various comparisons, such as sequential therapy vs. TT, bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) vs. TT, high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) vs. TT, concomitant therapy vs. TT, P-CAB-based therapy vs. TT, and R-HT/HT vs. TT. R-HT/HT was the top choice based on rankograms and SUCRA values (SUCRA = 96.5). Regarding overall safety, significant results were noted in comparisons involving BQT, HDDT, concomitant therapy, sequential therapy, and P-CAB-based therapy. HDDT achieved the highest overall safety based on rankograms and SUCRA values (SUCRA = 0.0). HDDT demonstrated the lowest incidence of serious adverse events, according to global rankograms and SUCRA values (SUCRA = 19.7).

Conclusion

This network meta-analysis highlights the complexity of treating H. pylori in East and Southeast Asia. R-HT/HT emerged as the most effective regimen, while HDDT proved to be the safest, with the lowest incidence of serious adverse events. These findings are crucial for optimizing treatment protocols in these regions.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023435318.
Five weeks of dynamic finger flexor strength training on bouldering performance and climbing-specific strength tests. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Saeterbakken Atle Hole , Bratland Erik , Andersen Vidar , Stien Nicolay
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of a 5-week dynamic finger flexor strength training program on bouldering performance and climbing-specific strength tests. Advanced to elite level boulderers (n = 31) were randomized to a dynamic finger strength training group (DFS) or a control group (CON). The DFS training program consisted of 3 weekly sessions (3–5 sets, 4–10 repetitions per session). Both groups continued bouldering training as usual throughout the intervention period. Pre- and post-intervention measures included bouldering performance, maximal dynamic finger strength, isometric finger strength (peak and average force), and rate of force development (RFD). The DFS demonstrated greater improvement in dynamic finger strength (11.5%, 3.9 kg) than the CON (5.3%, 1.7 kg; p = 0.075, ES = 0.90), but there were no differences between the groups in 1RM (p = 0.075, ES = 0.67), bouldering performance (p = 0.39, ES = 0.35), isometric finger strength (p = 0.42–0.56, ES = 0.20–0.22) or RFD (p = 0.30, ES = 0.46). The DFS improved dynamic (p < 0.01, ES = 1.83) and isometric peak and average (p < 0.01, ES = 0.98, and p < 0.01, ES = 0.75, respectively) finger strength, while the CON only increased dynamic finger strength (p < 0.05, ES = 0.58). None of groups improved bouldering performance or RFD (p = 0.07–0.58). In conclusion, 5 weeks of DFS training improving dynamic strength to a greater extent than bouldering alone in addition to improving isometric finger strength among advanced boulderers. Isolated bouldering improved dynamic finger flexor strength, but importantly, increased finger strength (dynamic or isometric) did not improve bouldering performance.
Potential impact of the 2024 UK Parliamentary Elections: the long shadow of Brexit
Authors: Kurecic Petar , Kokotovic Filip
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Despite the relative harmony of the Western states on essential security issues, the July 2024 parliamentary elections in the United Kingdom (the UK), ending with the overwhelming victory of the Labour Party, who has returned to power after 14 years, may have a significant impact on the relationship this country has with the European Union (the EU). Since Brexit, the diminished trade has contributed to a decline in the economy of the United Kingdom and it is one of the countries most significantly impacted by the “increasing cost of living” crisis.

Methods

Using an Impulse Response Function (IRF), this paper will assess the impact of a further decline of EU-UK relations as well as the policy implications of some proposals supported by significant fractions of the Conservative Party, namely tax cuts.

Results and discussion

The paper concludes that a further decline in trade relations between the EU and the UK will lead to a further decline in the economy of the UK that has few feasible alternatives in terms of trading partners.
The importance of education combined with tailored exercise in the health and wellness of older adults: a community case study
Authors: Brummett Mindy , Oglesby Chassiti , Barkus Sarah , Wheelock Nina Meg , Tate Allison
Published: October 2024

Current literature states the importance of mental and physical health in combating the effects of metabolic syndrome; however, there is limited information on whether providing education on the syndrome along with mental and individualized physical exercises improves perceived confidence in the older adult population. A solution to this problem would be to provide a course to this population with a primary goal of education and exercise prescription. A community case study was implemented in the spring of 2024 with the purpose of measuring perceived confidence in metabolic syndrome, management of stress and anxiety, and how to move safely with exercise. Twenty-nine older adults with an average age of 76.1 years were recruited from a local senior citizen center. A course was given to the participants that included education and prescription of exercises tailored to the needs of the individual. Before and after the course, participants completed a confidence survey investigating their confidence in lowering the risk for metabolic syndrome, managing stress/anxiety, and understanding how to move safely with exercise. Regarding the post surveys, knowing how to lower the risk of metabolic syndrome increased by 46%, learning how to manage stress and anxiety increased by 50%, and understanding how to exercise safely increased by 41%. The data from this study suggests that providing education along with specific exercise prescription improved the participant’s confidence in lowering their risk for metabolic syndrome, management of stress and anxiety, and how to move safely with exercise.
Relationship between social anxiety and sleep quality in depressed adolescents: the mediating role of internet addiction
Authors: Ma Yifan , Li Jingya , Zhang Meng , Zuo Tiantian , Kong Linghua , Yang Ying
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study investigated the association between social anxiety and sleep quality and further explored the potential mediating role of internet addiction in depressed adolescents.

Methods

This study included 440 Chinese depressed adolescents (mean age = 15.0 years, SD = 2.0). Participants completed questionnaires, including Social Avoidance and Social Distress Scale, Internet Addiction Test, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. A structural equation model was used to analyze the association between social anxiety and sleep quality, with internet addiction as a mediator. Gender differences were examined by multi-group analysis.

Results

Among participants, 61.8% reported poor sleep quality. The sleep quality was significantly different on the level of gender (p = 0.016), education level (p = 0.043), and family history (p = 0.002). Sleep quality was positively associated with social anxiety (p < 0.001) and internet addiction (p < 0.001). Furthermore, internet addiction partially mediated the relationship between social anxiety and sleep quality, and the mediation effect ratio was 16.1% (p < 0.001). Finally, no significant differences were found in this mechanism.

Conclusion

We concluded that both social anxiety and internet addiction were risk factors for depressed adolescents’ poor sleep quality. Social anxiety further affected sleep quality through internet addiction.
The prevalence of functional disability and associated factors among older adults living in Bahir Dar City, Northwest, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Yihenew Addisu , Ejigu Anteneh Yeshambel , Miheret Tewodros , Gobezie Melese , Eriku Getachew Azeze , Yimer Shibabaw Yadelew , Kassa Tesfa
Published: October 2024

Background

The limitation of carry out everyday activities independently is a common experience for older adults with functional disabilities, which can hurt their overall well-being. Unfortunately, there is still a dearth of evidence about how common it is among older adults, especially in low-and middle-income countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of functional disability among older adults living in Bahir Dar city, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2023.

Method

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults (≥60 years) living in Bahir Dar city, Northwest, Ethiopia. A total of 598 study participants were included using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Barthel Index (BI) was used to assess the functional capacity of older adults which comprises 10 items. The total score ranges from 0 to 100. Variables significant in bivariable analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression analysis. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant in the final logistic regression model.

Results

Among the 598 participants studied, the overall prevalence of functional disability was 29.6 (95% CI: 26.0–33.4). Older age (≥70 years) {adjusted odds ratio(AOR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.03–4.88)}, comorbidity (AOR: 2.96; 95% CI: 1.47–5.94), physically inactive (AOR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.18–4.96), one and more drug users (AOR: 3.61; 95% CI: 2.12–6.15), cognitive impairment (AOR: 3.66; 95% CI: 2.26–4.93) and depression (AOR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.08–2.68) were found significant associated factors of functional disabilities among older adults.

Conclusion

This study found that nearly one-third of older adults had functional disabilities. Functional disability was significantly associated with factors such as increasing age, presence of comorbidities, being physically inactive, one and more drug users, who developed cognitive impairment, and having depression symptoms. Proactive measures need to be initiated to ensure proper care and support of functionally disabled individuals, especially targeting vulnerable groups identified in this study.
Global, regional, and national temporal trends in mortality and disability-adjusted life years for cardiovascular disease attributable to low temperature during 1990–2019: an age-period-cohort analysis of the global burden of disease 2019 study
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Liu Zeye , Xie Jing , Shao Hua , Xia Ruibing , Li Yakun , Liu Yun , Fan Xiaohan
Published: October 2024

Background

Few studies have focused on the region-specific relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and low temperature worldwide.

Objective

We aimed to provide an overview of trends in mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for CVD and its subtypes attributable to low temperature over the past 30 years in 204 countries and regions, along with the associations of these trends with age, period, and birth cohorts.

Methods

Data on the estimated burden of CVDs (including ischemic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, and stroke) attributable to low temperature were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We utilized an age-period-cohort model to estimate overall annual percentage changes in mortality (net drifts), annual percentage changes from 15 ~ 19 to 81 ~ 85 years (local drifts), and period and cohort relative risk (period/cohort effects) between 1990 and 2019.

Results

Among noncommunicable diseases, CVDs had the highest mortality rate and DALY loss attributable to low temperature worldwide and has increased from 65.7 to 67.3%, which is mainly attributed to the increase in East Asia and Pacific region. In terms of the level of economic and social development, an inverted U-shape was found in the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) due to low-temperature across different sociodemographic indices (SDI) regions. Both high CVD mortality (19.45, 95% CI [14.54, 24.17%]) and a decreasing mortality rate related to low temperature (from 1990 to 2019, net drift, −3.25% [−3.76, 2.73%] per year) was found in high SDI countries or territories, with opposite outcome found in low SDIs regions. The older adults (70+) and men share the highest rate of CVD ASMR and DALY attributed to low temperature across all regions, especially in North America and Europe and Central Asia.

Conclusion

Mortality and DALY loss from CVD attributable to low temperature showed an overall decreasing trend globally except for East Asia and Pacific region. SDI, sex, age and geographic location contributed to the diversity of the CVD disease burden associated with low temperature worldwide. More attention should be given to the older adults, men, and low SDI regions.
Prediction of pyramidal tract side effect threshold by intra-operative electromyography in subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for patients with Parkinson's disease under general anaesthesia
Authors: Leung Lok Wa Laura , Lau Ka Yee Claire , Kan Kwok Yee Patricia , Ng Yikjin Amelia , Chan Man Chung Matthew , Ng Chi Ping Stephanie , Cheung Wing Lok , Hui Ka Ho Victor , Chan Yuen Chung David , Zhu Xian Lun , Chan Tat Ming Danny , Poon Wai Sang
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In DBS for patients with PD, STN is the most common DBS target with the sweet point located dorsal ipsilaterally adjacent to the pyramidal tract. During awake DBS lead implantation, macrostimulation is performed to test the clinical effects and side effects especially the pyramidal tract side effect (PTSE) threshold. A too low PTSE threshold will compromise the therapeutic stimulation window. When DBS lead implantation is performed under general anaesthesia (GA), there is a lack of real time feedback regarding the PTSE. In this study, we evaluated the macrostimulation-induced PTSE by electromyography (EMG) during DBS surgery under GA. Our aim is to investigate the prediction of post-operative programming PTSE threshold using EMG-based PTSE threshold, and its potential application to guide intra-operative lead implantation.

Methods

44 patients with advanced PD received STN DBS under GA were studied. Intra-operative macrostimulation via EMG was assessed from the contralateral upper limb. EMG signal activation was defined as the amplitude doubling or greater than the base line. In the first programming session at one month post-operation, the PTSE threshold was documented. All patients were followed up for one year to assess clinical outcome.

Results

All 44 cases (88 sides) demonstrated activations of limb EMG via increasing amplitude of macrostimulation the contralateral STN under GA. Revision tracts were explored in 7 patients due to a low EMG activation threshold (<= 2.5 mA). The mean intraoperative EMG-based PTSE threshold was 4.3 mA (SD 1.2 mA, Range 2.0–8.0 mA), programming PTSE threshold was 3.7 mA (SD 0.8 mA, Range 2.0–6.5 mA). Linear regression showed that EMG-based PTSE threshold was a statistically significant predictor variable for the programming PTSE threshold (p value <0.001). At one year, the mean improvement of UPDRS Part III score at medication-off/DBS-on was 54.0% (SD 12.7%) and the levodopa equivalent dose (LED) reduction was 59.5% (SD 23.5%).

Conclusion

During STN DBS lead implantation under GA, PTSE threshold can be tested by EMG through macrostimulation. It can provide real-time information on the laterality of the trajectory and serves as reference to guide intra-operative DBS lead placement.
Microplastics and nanoplastics in cardiovascular disease—a narrative review with worrying links
Authors: Zheng Haixiang , Vidili Gianpaolo , Casu Gavino , Navarese Eliano Pio , Sechi Leonardo A. , Chen Youren
Published: October 2024

With the widespread use of plastic products and the increase in waste, microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) have become an important issue in global environmental pollution. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that MNPs may have negative impacts on human health. This review aimed to explore the association between MNPs and cardiovascular disease and provide an outlook for future research. Research has shown that there may be a link between MNPs exposure and cardiovascular disease. Laboratory studies have shown that animals exposed to MNPs often exhibit abnormalities in the cardiovascular system, such as increased blood pressure, vascular inflammation, and myocardial damage. Epidemiological surveys have also revealed that people exposed to MNPs are more likely to suffer from cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and myocardial infarction. Although the specific impact mechanism is not fully understood, there are several possible pathways of action, including the effects of toxic substances on MNPs and interference with the endocrine system. In summary, MNPs exposure may have a negative impact on cardiovascular health, but further research is needed to confirm its specific mechanism and extent of impact to guide relevant public health and environmental policies.
Accuracy and validation of a point-of-care blood glucose monitoring system for use in horses
Authors: Velineni Sridhar , Schiltz Paul , Chang Ko-Hsin , Peng Yi-Ming , Cowles Bobby
Published: October 2024

Abnormal blood glucose (BG) levels often seen in critically ill horses are significantly associated with adverse patient outcomes and increased mortality. Rapid and accurate BG monitoring is now considered an essential component of evidence-based equine practice and can provide critical information quickly for treatment. Although several point-of-care (POC) BG monitoring hand-held devices are commercially available for veterinary use, none contains a unique algorithm validated for use in horses. The AlphaTrak 3 (AT3) BG monitoring system is a first-of-its-kind device with an equine-specific algorithm that allows stall-side clinical decision making, and frequent monitoring at minimal cost. As such, AT3 is potentially a preferred alternative to more costly and time-consuming standard diagnostic reference laboratory methods. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of the AT3 device in measuring BG levels in equine whole blood samples in comparison to results obtained by the Beckman Coulter AU480 reference analyzer per ISO15197:2013 specifications. Accuracy of the AT3 equine algorithm were initially verified by testing equine blood samples with artificially adjusted blood glucose levels followed by its validation in a field study. Testing with artificially adjusted equine samples (n = 129) showed that 98.9% of glucose measurements ranging from 29 to 479 mg/dL fell within ISO accuracy threshold of ±15 mg/dL or ±15% of the average reference value. In addition, 100% of the AT3 measurements fell in consensus error grid (CEG) zone A, which indicates that test outcomes have a minimal likelihood of adverse clinical impact. In a follow-up field study involving 96 horses, 98.4% of AT3 measurements met the ISO accuracy threshold and 99.2% of AT3 measurements fell in CEG zone A. These results demonstrate that the AT3 glucometer has a high degree of accuracy in horses and is a dependable, convenient, and cost-effective device for accurately monitoring equine BG levels in farm or clinical settings.
Evaluation of the comparative efficacy of green lipped mussel plus krill oil extracts (EAB-277), Biota orientalis extracts or NSAIDs for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis associated pain: a blinded, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Kampa Naruepon , Kaenkangploo Duangdaun , Jitpean Supranee , Srithunyarat Thanikul , Seesupa Suvaluk , Hoisang Somphong , Yongvanit Karn , Kamlangchai Phanthit , Tuchpramuk Pongsatorn , Lascelles B. Duncan X.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

With little to no regulation of the supplement markets and a paucity of quality information regarding clinical utility of individual marketed supplements, it is difficult for veterinarians to provide any evidence-based recommendations to owners. The current study aimed to provide clinically useful comparative efficacy data on certain marketed supplements.

Methods

Using a prospective, block-randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design, one hundred and one pet dogs with clinical hip OA-associated pain with one side worse than the other (index limb) were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Green lipped Mussel plus Krill oil extracts (Antinol® Rapid, EAB-277); Biota orientalis extracts (4CYTE™ Epiitalis® Forte); an NSAID (meloxicam); or placebo (sunflower oil). Peak vertical force (PVF, expressed as a percentage of bodyweight) of the index limb, orthopedic assessment score (OAS) and hematology and blood chemistry values were evaluated before treatment (week 0), at 2, 4 and 6 weeks during treatment.

Results

At 6 weeks, the changes from baseline in PVF of the index limb in the EAB-277 and meloxicam groups were significantly greater than the change in the placebo and 4CYTE™ groups, and the placebo and 4CYTE groups were not different from each other. At 6 weeks, there were significant differences between the groups for overall OAS scores with the lowest scores (least impairment) in the EAB-277 and meloxicam groups, followed by the 4CYTE group and then the placebo group.

Discussion

Results of this study indicate that meloxicam and EAB-277 have significant objectively measured benefits in managing OA-related pain in dogs compared to placebo, but 4CYTE does not differ from placebo.
High-Precision Elastoplastic Four-Node Quadrilateral Shell Element
Authors: Tian Mingjiang , Wei Yongtao
Published: October 2024

In order to enhance the accuracy of calculations for four-node quadrilateral shell elements, modifications have to be made to the computation of the membrane strain rate and transverse shear strain rate. For membrane strain rate calculations, the interpolation of the quadratic displacement of the nodes along the edges of the quadrilateral shell element is implemented, along with the introduction of a degree of freedom for rotation around the normal. Additionally, the elimination of the zero-energy mode of additional stiffness is achieved through a penalty function. When computing the transverse shear strain rate, the covariant component is expressed in the tensor of the natural coordinate system, followed by the elimination of shear self-locking in the element coordinate system. The strain-updating calculation and stress-updating calculation for the quadrilateral shell element, utilizing the model and J2 flow theory, respectively, are suitable for small deformations, geometric nonlinearity, and elastic–plastic problems. The improved quadrilateral shell element successfully undergoes in-plane and bending fragment inspections, demonstrating good reliability and calculation accuracy for the dynamic analysis of planar shells, curved shells, and twisted shells.
Metabolic Side Effects from Antipsychotic Treatment with Clozapine Linked to Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation
Authors: Fehsel Karin
Published: October 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the most common adverse drug reaction from psychiatric pharmacotherapy. Neuroreceptor blockade by the antipsychotic drug clozapine induces MetS in about 30% of patients. Similar to insulin resistance, clozapine impedes Akt kinase activation, leading to intracellular glucose and glutathione depletion. Additional cystine shortage triggers tryptophan degradation to kynurenine, which is a well-known AhR ligand. Ligand-bound AhR downregulates the intracellular iron pool, thereby increasing the risk of mitochondrial dysfunction. Scavenging iron stabilizes the transcription factor HIF-1, which shifts the metabolism toward transient glycolysis. Furthermore, the AhR inhibits AMPK activation, leading to obesity and liver steatosis. Increasing glucose uptake by AMPK activation prevents dyslipidemia and liver damage and, therefore, reduces the risk of MetS. In line with the in vitro results, feeding experiments with rats revealed a disturbed glucose-/lipid-/iron-metabolism from clozapine treatment with hyperglycemia and hepatic iron deposits in female rats and steatosis and anemia in male animals. Decreased energy expenditure from clozapine treatment seems to be the cause of the fast weight gain in the first weeks of treatment. In patients, this weight gain due to neuroleptic treatment correlates with an improvement in psychotic syndromes and can even be used to anticipate the therapeutic effect of the treatment.
The Impact of Substrate Temperature on the Adhesion Strength of Electroplated Copper on an Al-Doped ZnO/Si System
Authors: Tseng Jiun-Yi , Chen Wen-Jauh , Chen Ping-Hang
Published: October 2024

This research, which involved a comprehensive methodology, including depositing electroplated copper on a copper seed layer and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films on textured silicon substrates using DC magnetron sputtering with varying substrate heating, has yielded significant findings. The study thoroughly investigated the effects of substrate temperature (Ts) on copper adhesion strength and morphology using the peel force test and electron microscopy. The peel force test was conducted at angles of 90°, 135°, and 180°. The average adhesion strength was about 0.2 N/mm for the samples without substrate heating. For the samples with substrate heating at 100 °C, the average peeling force of the electroplated copper film was about 1 N/mm. The average peeling force increased to 1.5 N/mm as the substrate heating temperature increased to 200 °C. The surface roughness increases as the annealing temperature of the Cu/AZO/Si sample increases. These findings not only provide a reliable and robust method for applying AZO transparent conductive films onto silicon solar cells but also underscore its potential to significantly enhance the efficiency and durability of solar cells significantly, thereby instilling confidence in the field of solar cell technology.
Controllable Synthesis of Thioacetals/Thioketals and β-Sulfanyl Ketones Mediated by Methanesulfonic Anhydride and Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric Acid from Aldehyde/Acetone and Thiols
Authors: Ye Hexia , Zhao Xinyao , Fu Yajie , Liu Haibo , Li Junchen , Bi Xiaojing
Published: October 2024

A novel and controllable synthesis of thioacetals/thioketals and β-sulfanyl ketones mediated by the reaction of aldehyde/acetone with thiols has been developed. In this protocol, β-sulfanyl ketones can be generated without the prior preparation of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. A variety of thiols reacted with aldehyde/acetone and provided the corresponding thioacetals/thioketals and β-sulfanyl ketones in good to excellent yields, respectively. This protocol is operationally simple, mild, and atom-economical, providing controllable access to thioacetals/thioketals and thia-Michael addition products under mild conditions.
Food Supplements Containing Iron—Comparison of Actual Content with Declared Content and Health Consequences
Authors: Puścion-Jakubik Anna , Zimnoch Klaudia Maria , Socha Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

The use of food supplements (FSs) is becoming an increasingly common trend observed in society. This is related to frequently observed nutritional deficiencies and the inability to provide sufficient amounts of nutrients, including vitamins and minerals, through the diet. The ease of registering FSs sometimes results in low-quality preparations on the market. Therefore, our research aimed to assess the content of one of the most popular trace element components, iron (Fe), in FSs available in Poland. This study covered 109 preparations purchased from stationary pharmacies and online pharmacies. The following criteria were used to characterize FSs in the data analysis: the Fe content declared by the manufacturer, pharmaceutical form, type of Fe salt, manufacturer’s country of origin, contents of other trace elements or minerals, presence of additional ingredients, age of the target group, and addition of vitamins B2, B6, B12, and C. The Fe content was quantified using atomic absorption spectrometry after mineralization using microwaves. It was demonstrated that 69.73% of the preparations contained more Fe than the value declared by the manufacturer (and corrected for permissible deviations), 11.00% contained less Fe than declared, and only 19.27% were within the norm. In summary, the FS market requires the improvement of manufacturing processes and increased control, which should translate into patient safety.
Exploring the Moderating Role of Hedonia and Eudaimonia on the Relationship between Stress and Mental Health in Young Adults
Authors: Marcinko Ivana
Published: October 2024

Considering that research points to the discrepancy regarding the positive role of hedonia as opposed to eudaimonia in physical health, the aim of this study was to investigate the moderating effects of hedonia and eudaimonia on the relationship between stress and general mental health in young adults. A total of 328 participants took part in the study, 36.6% of whom were males, with ages ranging from 18 to 30, and a median age of 19 years (SD = 1.32). Questionnaires were used to measure well-being states, stress, and mental health. The results showed that hedonia moderated the relationship between low-stress conditions and general mental health. Eudaimonia, on the other hand, had a nonsignificant effect on the relationships tested. The findings indicate that an orientation toward pleasure may be the path to achieving mental health in the midst of stressful circumstances.
Operating Cost Flexibility and Implications for Stock Returns
Authors: Taussig Roi D.
Published: October 2024

This study suggests a new measure for a firm’s operating cost flexibility. Flexible firms are less risky and, therefore, require lower stock returns. This analysis of 126,202 firm-year observations from the U.S. cross-section of stock returns finds that the new measure explains a negative significant rate of return. The new measure’s impact extends beyond that of operating leverage. In addition, the new measure’s impact is both statistically and economically significant, and it is sustainable for a variety of in-sample and out-of-sample robustness tests. The new findings are beneficial to researchers and practitioners alike.
Exploration of the Conditions for Occurrence of Photoplethysmographic Signal Inversion above the Dorsalis Pedis Artery
Authors: Jerve Fredrik Wilsbeck , Hjelme Dag Roar , Kalvøy Håvard , Allen John , Tronstad Christian
Published: October 2024

Inversion of the photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal is a rarely reported case. This signal anomaly can have implications for PPG-based cardiovascular assessments. The conditions for PPG signal inversion in the vicinity of the dorsalis pedis (DPA) artery of the foot were investigated. Wireless multi-wavelength PPG sensing with skin-probe contact pressure and local skin temperature were studied at different sensor positions, and the occurrence of inversion (OOI) was investigated. Twelve healthy adult volunteers were studied over four LED wavelengths at three levels of contact pressure for 11 probe positions. A novel algorithm quantified the proportion of inverted samples with respect to the abovementioned variables. Our algorithm classifying inverted vs. non-inverted pulses achieved 98.3% accuracy. Ten of the participants had at least one inverted signal identified. The impact of interindividual variation on inversion prevalence was large, but different LEDs, relative position to the DPA and sensor contact pressure also affected OOI. Skin surface and room temperatures showed no impact on OOI. Lateral measurements showed 39.6% more inversion at maximum compared to minimum contact pressure. Mechanical capillary bed variations and arterial reflections during venous engorgement are considered viable explanations for our observations. These findings motivate an expanded study of the occurrence of PPG signal inversion.
Identifying Geographic Inequities in Family Planning Service Uptake in Pakistan: A Comparative Study of PDHS 2006 and 2017 Using Cluster Hotspot Analysis
Authors: Baig Kamran , Okoye Ebele , Shaw Mary
Published: October 2024

Family planning (FP) services are crucial interventions for improving maternal and child health outcomes and promoting gender equity. However, ensuring equitable access to these services remains a significant challenge, particularly in countries like Pakistan, where sociocultural norms, economic disparities, and geographic barriers hinder FP uptake. This study utilized spatial analysis techniques, including hotspot analysis, to investigate geographic disparities in FP uptake in Pakistan using data from Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS) conducted in 2006–2007 and 2017–2018. ArcMap 10.1 was used for spatial analysis and Stata 12.0 for statistical analysis. Results revealed significant spatial variations in FP uptake, with urban areas exhibiting higher uptake rates than rural regions. Hotspot analysis identified dynamic changes in contraceptive prevalence rates (CPR), with significant clustering in some regions and dispersion in others. It also identified areas with high unmet need, low intention to use FP services, and preference for family size (>3 children), highlighting the need for targeted behavioral change interventions. This innovative spatial approach provides nuanced insights for policymakers and program planners to develop targeted interventions based on localized data to improve FP service delivery, mitigate disparities, and ultimately advance efforts to improve maternal and child health outcomes. The application of geospatial analysis is an effective tool for enhancing program planning, evaluation, and resource allocation in diverse geographical contexts.