bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal dynamics of negative emotion regulation: Insights from facial electromyography
Authors: Kreibig Sylvia D. , Gross James J.
Published: February 2025

Emotion regulation (ER) is a multifaceted process that unfolds over time. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of ER on negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA). We examined whether NA and PA changes occur sequentially or concurrently. After participants had been exposed to unpleasant pictures for 8000 ms, they received instructions to either continue viewing the picture (no regulation) or reappraise it with a neutral meaning (neutralize goal) or positive meaning (transform goal) for another 8000 ms. We obtained corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major electromyography (EMG) as objective measures of NA and PA. For the no‐regulation condition, upon instruction onset, we observed maintained high corrugator and low zygomaticus EMG reactivity, indicating sustained NA activation. Compared to no‐regulation, for the neutralize goal, we observed corrugator reduction starting at 1500 ms after instruction onset and no change in zygomaticus, indicating decreased NA and generation of neutral emotion. For the transform goal, we observed corrugator reduction starting at 1000 ms and zygomaticus increase at 3500 ms after instruction onset, indicating decreased NA and increased PA and generation of positive emotion. Model‐fitting analyses showed that the best‐fitting trajectory for the transform goal's pattern of change was initial NA reduction that turns into PA increase at 2000 ms. These distinct temporal patterns highlight the possibility of effecting one‐dimensional NA change with the neutralize goal and sequential two‐dimensional change (first decreasing NA, then increasing PA) with the transform goal. This research sheds light on the time course of emotional change generated by different emotion goals.
Modulation of Fear Extinction by Non‐Invasive Brain Stimulation: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhang Ye , Lin Jingyuan , Dou Haoran , Zhang Huoyin , Cao Ying , Lei Yi
Published: February 2025

Non‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is an emerging treatment for mental disorders that is painlessness and easy to administer. However, its effectiveness for modulating fear extinction requires further elucidation. We searched eight bibliographical databases and identified randomized controlled trials of NIBS and fear extinction in healthy populations. Outcomes were evaluated based on skin conductance responses (SCRs) under three experimental stimuli: threat condition stimulation (CS+), safe condition stimulation (CS−), and their discrimination (CS+ minus CS−). We applied a random‐effects model to determine effect sizes (Hedge's g) post‐stimulation and assessed article quality using Physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale. Twenty‐one studies meeting systematic review criteria were included in this analysis, incorporating 40 independent effect sizes and data from 11 studies (n = 632) in the meta‐analysis. Compared with the control group, SCRs in CS+ and discrimination were significantly reducted in the intervention group. Fear extinction was more effective in the 24‐h test than immediately after NIBS. In conclusion, NIBS enhanced fear extinction, and the time interval between stimulation and testing may serve as a moderating variable.
Quality in Question: Assessing the Accuracy of Four Heart Rate Wearables and the Implications for Psychophysiological Research
Authors: Sinichi Mohammadamin , Gevonden Martin J. , Krabbendam Lydia
Published: February 2025

Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are two key measures with significant relevance in psychophysiological studies, and their measurement has become more convenient due to advances in wearable technology. However, photoplethysmography (PPG)‐based wearables pose critical validity concerns. In this study, we validated four PPG wearables: three consumer‐grade devices (Kyto2935, Schone Rhythm 24, and HeartMath Inner Balance Bluetooth) and one research‐grade device (Empatica EmbracePlus, successor to the widely‐used but discontinued Empatica E4). All devices were worn simultaneously by 40 healthy participants who underwent conditions commonly used in laboratory research (seated rest, arithmetic task, recovery, slow‐paced breathing, a neuropsychological task, posture manipulation by standing up) and encountered in ambulatory‐like settings (slow walking and stationary biking), compared against a criterion electrocardiography device, the Vrije Universiteit Ambulatory Monitoring System (VU‐AMS). We determined the signal quality, the linear strength through regression analysis, the bias through Bland–Altman analysis, and the measurement error through mean arctangent absolute percentage error for each condition against the criterion device. We found that the research‐grade device did not outperform the consumer‐grade devices in laboratory conditions. It also showed low agreement with the ECG in ambulatory‐like conditions. In general, devices captured HR more accurately than HRV. Finally, conditions that deviated from baseline settings and involved slight to high movement, negatively impacted the agreement between PPG devices and the criterion. We conclude that PPG devices, even those advertised and designed for research purposes, may pose validity concerns for HRV measurement in conditions other than those similar to resting states.
Soil structural stability improvement using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar in water repellent and non‐water repellent soil
Authors: Aminzadeh Armita , Dorostkar Vajiheh , Asghari Hamid Reza
Published: February 2025

Soil hydrophobicity has increased in recent years due to the expansion of arid lands. In these lands soil inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and application of biochar are two soil improvement strategies. The formation and stability of soil aggregates can be significantly influenced by these management practices. In the present study, the simultaneous effect of sugarcane biochar (0%, 1% and 2%) and AMF (+AMF and −AMF) on the improvement of water repellent (WR) and non‐water repellent (NWR) soil structure was investigated under corn cultivation in greenhouse. Incorporation of 2% biochar into NWR soil increased soil organic carbon by 155% and 94% in AMF and non‐AMF treatments, respectively, compared to the control (without biochar). However, this increase was less pronounced in WR soil. The difference in soil carbohydrate concentration between AMF and non‐AMF treatments enhanced with increasing biochar application level from 25% to 144% in non‐water repellent soil and from 51% to 147% in water repellent soil. The results indicated that the interaction between AMF and biochar had a significant positive effect on both soil microbial respiration and glomalin concentration. To measure the soil aggregate stability, the high‐energy soil moisture characteristic curve (HEMC) method was used. The positive effects of biochar and AMF on soil structural stability indices were observed in both studied soils. However, these positive effects were influenced by their interactive effects. Two percent biochar application in non‐water repellent soil, limited the positive effect of AMF on soil stability improvement by 73%. While, in water repellent soil, structural stability indices improved with 1% and 2% biochar application by 13.4% and 19.7% respectively, due to soil wettability improvement and consequently better microbial activities. Finally, in addition to the interactive effects of microbial activities and biochar on soil structural characteristics, the level of soil hydrophobicity is also effective in improving soil structure under these studies managements.
Use of an anti‐D‐alloimmunization kinetics model to correct the interval censored D‐alloimmunization rate following red blood cell transfusions
Authors: Jochumsen Emil Ainsworth , Selleng Kathleen , Raval Jay S. , Bub Carolina Bonet , Kutner Jose M. , Sprogøe Ulrik , Yazer Mark H.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The rate of D‐alloimmunization amongst RhD‐negative recipients of RhD‐positive red blood cell (RBC) transfusions is not certain. Recipients with a short duration between the index RhD‐positive transfusion and the last antibody detection test that did not show anti‐D might become D‐alloimmunized in the future. A regression model was developed to predict how often such patients might develop D‐alloimmunization in the future to help account for the immunohematological uncertainty that accompanies having short serological follow up periods.

Methods

Using the published literature on recipients who were intentionally transfused with RhD‐positive RBCs and serially followed with antibody screens, as well as unpublished datasets, a regression model was constructed to demonstrate the timing of D‐alloimmunization for recipients who became D‐alloimmunized within 6 months following the index transfusion. The model was then applied to a series of RhD‐negative hospitalized recipients of at least one unit of RhD‐positive RBCs who did not become D‐alloimmunized but who had fewer than 6 months of serological follow up to weight their contribution to the D‐alloimmunization rate.

Results

Overall, the rate of D‐alloimmunization was 21/105 (20.0%). There were 39 patients whose last documented antibody screen was performed between 14 days and 6 months after the index RhD‐positive transfusion, and these patients were entered into the weighted model. After applying the model, the D‐alloimmunization rate rose to 26.3%.

Conclusion

Using a weighted model can help reduce the immunohematological uncertainty that accompanies the inclusion of patients with relatively short serological follow up in studies of RBC alloimmunization.
Intraocular Pressure Reference Values Comparing Two Rebound Tonometers (TonoVet and TonoVet Plus) in Male Camels (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Perez Orrico Maria Luisa , Sabater Gonzalez Mikel , Villar Ibañez Jessica , Planas Escudero Javier , Smith Kinley , Pinheiro de Lacerda Rodrigo , Mazzucchelli Samuela
Published: February 2025

Objective

To determine the intraocular pressure (IOP) reference values in healthy male camels using two rebound tonometers: TonoVet (TV) and TonoVet Plus (TV+), and to compare measurements between both devices and in different body positions.

Animals' Studied

Thirty‐four healthy, captive, adult (8–24 years and a median age of 14), male camels belonging to a zoological collection in Fuerteventura, Spain.

Methods

All camels underwent general physical examination, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and tonometry, under minimal physical restraint (headstall and chute). Three consecutive readings were acquired with TV and/or TV+ in the right and/or left eyes in standing and/or sitting positions, whenever possible. Comparisons between groups were made when paired data for the test variable was available for the same eye (for tonometer and body position) or for the same animal (for left and right eyes) using paired t‐tests.

Results

The mean IOP (± standard error and range) in standing position was 18.51 mmHg (0.52, 10.33–24.33 mmHg) for TV and 19.53 mmHg (0.50, 12.33–26.33 mmHg) for TV+. In sitting position, the IOP was 14.70 mmHg (0.49, 11.33–18.33 mmHg) for TV and 16.28 mmHg (0.47, 13‐19.66 mmHg) for TV+. Measurements for both TV and TV+ were significantly higher (p = 0.003 and p = 0.011, respectively) in standing position. Recordings with TV+ were significantly higher than with TV, in any body position (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between right and left eyes, except for TV+ in standing position, with the IOP in the left eye being significantly higher (20.58 mmHg versus 18.51 mmHg, p = 0.004).

Conclusions

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report estimating the IOP reference values in male camels comparing two different rebound tonometers. Measurements for both TV and TV+ were significantly higher in the standing position. Recordings with TV+ were significantly higher than with TV (in any body position). Further studies with female individuals and different age groups are warranted.
Cristianismo y penitencia en la lectura de Michel Foucault
Authors: Peretó Rivas Rubén
Published: February 2025

A partir de la publicación, en 2018, del libro póstumo de Michel Foucault, Las confesiones de la carne, dedicado a los padres de la Iglesia, se han sucedido varios estudios sobre esta temática por parte de los investigadores especializados en la obra del filósofo francés. Sin embargo, muy pocos de ellos lo han hecho desde la perspectiva de la patrología, lo cual busco realizar en este trabajo. Discutiré, entonces, la lectura que realiza Foucault de Tertuliano, a la hora de tratar el tema de la penitencia cristiana. Luego de presentar y ubicar los motivos del interés del autor por los escritores de la Antigüedad tardía cristiana, expondré su análisis acerca de la institución de la penitencia, propia de los primeros siglos de nuestra era, para finalizar señalando los límites, fundamentalmente de carácter metodológico, que considero se observan en el análisis foucaultiano.
Exploring SiC CVD growth parameters compatible with remote epitaxy
Authors: Pennachio Daniel J. , Hajzus Jenifer R. , Myers-Ward Rachael L.
Published: February 2025

Remote epitaxy (RE) is a promising technique where monolayers of van der Waals-bonded (i.e., 2D) material act as a release layer for epitaxial film removal and substrate reuse. Epitaxial graphene (EG) grown in situ on SiC(0001) is an ideal RE substrate as it avoids damage or contamination associated with 2D material transfer. However, standard high-temperature, hydrogen-based SiC chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is not compatible with graphene and alternative growth parameters are required for SiC RE. This study investigates reduced-H2 CVD growth of SiC/C/SiC(0001) and the effects on the in situ-grown EG release layer. This study achieved smooth, single-crystalline SiC(0001) epilayers on EG substrates using predominantly Ar carrier gas (2% H2), but no EG was detected at the growth interface after this deposition. Growth modifications, including a pregrowth propane dose, longer precursor ramp steps with high starting C/Si ratios, and reduced SiC growth temperatures, were explored to further mitigate graphene damage. With these changes, isolated patches of 5–10 nm thick graphitic carbon layers remained after SiC RE. Thermodynamic simulations suggest that lower temperatures and increased C/Si ratios will improve C stability. Through this study, optimal SiC RE growth conditions are proposed for a balance of graphene survivability and SiC morphology.
Nonpyrophoric alternative to trimethylaluminum for the atomic layer deposition of Al2O3
Authors: Swarup Jay V. , Chuang Heng-Ray , Jensen James T. , Gao Jeffrey , You Amy L. , Engstrom James R.
Published: February 2025

We have examined the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 using a nonpyrophoric precursor, which possesses only Al–N bonds and no Al–C bonds: Al(N(CH3)2)2(–N(C2H5)–C2H4–N(C2H5)2), which we refer to as bis-dimethylamino-diamino-aluminum (BDMADA-Al). We employed a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to monitor ALD in situ and in real time, and the deposited thin films have been characterized using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, x-ray reflectivity, and atomic force microscopy. Films deposited with BDMADA-Al result in near-stoichiometric Al2O3 at temperatures ranging from T = 120 to 285 °C using H2O as the coreactant and at T = 285 °C using t-BuOH as the coreactant. The properties of the films (density, C incorporation, stoichiometry, growth rates) are comparable using either BDMADA-Al or trimethylaluminum (TMA) as the precursor under similar reaction conditions. The N content in the films deposited with BDMADA-Al as the precursor is <1% at both T = 120 and 285 °C. Additionally, both BDMADA-Al|t-BuOH and TMA|t-BuOH processes deposit near-stoichiometric Al2O3 at T = 285 °C, while neither process chemistry produces a constant growth rate per cycle at T = 120 °C. Close examination of single cycle QCM data from BDMADA-Al ALD indicates unique ligand exchange reaction mechanisms during each of the half-reactions. Experimentally, we have evidence supporting the mechanism in which upon the chemisorption of BDMADA-Al, the species on the surface retains the –N(CH3)2 ligands, while the diamine ligand is mostly lost on dissociative adsorption, except possibly at the higher temperature (285 °C). Our work demonstrates that BDMADA-Al can be used as an effective alternative precursor to TMA for the ALD of Al2O3.
Analysis of the adhesion structure between the cycloolefin polymer and the copper seed layer formed using medium-vacuum sputtering
Authors: Shimizu Akihiro , Fukada Kazuhiro , Endo Shinichi
Published: February 2025

We have developed a novel approach for the fabrication of 6G communication antenna substrates by directly sputtering a copper seed layer onto a resin with low dielectric properties and low adhesiveness, without relying on a metal adhesion layer such as titanium. This study presents a detailed analysis of the effects of two surface modification methods—vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation and oxygen plasma treatment—performed before sputtering the copper seed layer on the interfacial structure between a cycloolefin polymer (COP) film and copper plating layer. Using scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and selected area electron diffraction, we confirmed that both surface modification methods promote the formation of polycrystalline Cu2O at the interface between the COP film and the copper plating layer. VUV irradiation enhances the smoothness of the COP surface, resulting in the uniform distribution of hydrophilic functional groups. These functional groups stably interact with the sputtered copper, leading to the oxidation of copper during annealing and the formation of a consistent Cu2O layer. In contrast, oxygen plasma treatment selectively etches regions of the COP surface with high oxygen affinity, creating fine structures and concentrating the hydrophilic functional groups in the recessed areas. After sputtering, copper interacts with these localized functional groups, and during annealing, limited diffusion causes the copper to oxidize and aggregates into a Cu2O particle structure. Thus, this study demonstrates that the structures of polycrystalline Cu2O formed at the interface vary depending on the surface modification methods and elucidates the mechanisms behind these differences through analysis of surface morphology and the distribution of functional groups induced by each method.
Auto-ponderomotive beam guiding up to 9.5 keV
Authors: Schmidt-Kaler F. D. F. , Walther J. , Seidling M. , Zimmermann R. , Hommelhoff P.
Published: February 2025

We report successful electrostatic auto-ponderomotive (APE) electron beam guiding at electron energies of up to 9.5keV. We do so with electrons derived from a scanning electron microscope and demonstrate the guiding along an S-shaped trajectory. For this S-shaped guide, we use a mirror-symmetrical double-planar electrode layout and apply static voltages only. We study details of the APE guiding process and show that we can extend its operability over almost three orders of magnitude in beam energy. In particular, we reach a range of electron energies often used in conventional scanning electron microscopes.
A biological model of nonlinear dimensionality reduction
Authors: Yoshida Kensuke , Toyoizumi Taro
Published: February 2025

Obtaining appropriate low-dimensional representations from high-dimensional sensory inputs in an unsupervised manner is essential for straightforward downstream processing. Although nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods such as
t
-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (
t
-SNE) have been developed, their implementation in simple biological circuits remains unclear. Here, we develop a biologically plausible dimensionality reduction algorithm compatible with
t
-SNE, which uses a simple three-layer feedforward network mimicking the
Drosophila
olfactory circuit. The proposed learning rule, described as three-factor Hebbian plasticity, is effective for datasets such as entangled rings and MNIST, comparable to
t
-SNE. We further show that the algorithm could be working in olfactory circuits in Drosophila by analyzing the multiple experimental data in previous studies. We lastly suggest that the algorithm is also beneficial for association learning between inputs and rewards, allowing the generalization of these associations to other inputs not yet associated with rewards.
Chemical genetics reveals cross-regulation of plant developmental signaling by the immune peptide-receptor pathway
Authors: Herrmann Arvid , Sepuru Krishna Mohan , Bai Pengfei , Endo Hitoshi , Nakagawa Ayami , Kusano Shuhei , Ziadi Asraa , Kato Hiroe , Sato Ayato , Liu Jun , Shan Libo , Kimura Seisuke , Itami Kenichiro , Uchida Naoyuki , Hagihara Shinya , Torii Keiko U.
Published: February 2025

Cells sense and integrate multiple signals to coordinate a response. A receptor-kinase signaling pathway for plant stomatal development shares components with the immunity pathway. The mechanism ensuring their signal specificities remains unclear. Using chemical genetics, here, we report the identification of a small molecule, kC9, that triggers excessive stomatal differentiation by inhibiting the canonical ERECTA pathway. kC9 binds to and inhibits the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase MPK6, perturbing its substrate interaction. Notably, activation of immune signaling by a bacterial flagellin peptide nullified kC9’s effects on stomatal development. This cross-regulation depends on the immune receptor FLS2 (FLAGELLIN SENSING 2) and occurs even in the absence of kC9 if the ERECTA family receptor population becomes suboptimal. Proliferating stomatal lineage cells are vulnerable to this immune signal penetration. Our findings suggest that the signal specificity between development and immunity can be ensured by mitogen-activated protein kinase homeostasis, reflecting the availability of upstream receptors, thereby providing an unanticipated view on signal specificity.
De novo
acquisition of antibiotic resistance in six species of bacteria
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Koster Alphonse de , Koenders Belinda B. , Jonker Martijs , Brul Stanley , ter Kuile Benno H.
Published: February 2025

Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics in two ways: by acquiring resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer and by
de novo
development of resistance upon exposure to non-lethal concentrations. The importance of the second process,
de novo
build-up, has not been investigated systematically over a range of species and may be underestimated as a result. To investigate the DNA mutation patterns accompanying the
de novo
antibiotic resistance acquisition process, six bacterial species encountered in the food chain were exposed to step-wise increasing sublethal concentrations of six antibiotics to develop high levels of resistance. Phenotypic and mutational landscapes were constructed based on whole-genome sequencing at two time points of the evolutionary trajectory. In this study, we found that (1) all of the six strains can develop high levels of resistance against most antibiotics; (2) increased resistance is accompanied by different mutations for each bacterium–antibiotic combination; (3) the number of mutations varies widely, with
Y. enterocolitica
having by far the most; (4) in the case of fluoroquinolone resistance, a mutational pattern of
gyrA
combined with
parC
is conserved in five of six species; and (5) mutations in genes coding for efflux pumps are widely encountered in gram-negative species. The overall conclusion is that very similar phenotypic outcomes are instigated by very different genetic changes. The outcome of this study may assist policymakers when formulating practical strategies to prevent development of antimicrobial resistance in human and veterinary health care.

IMPORTANCE

Most studies on
de novo
development of antimicrobial resistance have been performed on
Escherichia coli
. To examine whether the conclusions of this research can be applied to more bacterial species, six species of veterinary importance were made resistant to six antibiotics, each of a different class. The rapid build-up of resistance observed in all six species upon exposure to non-lethal concentrations of antimicrobials indicates a similar ability to adjust to the presence of antibiotics. The large differences in the number of DNA mutations accompanying
de novo
resistance suggest that the mechanisms and pathways involved may differ. Hence, very similar phenotypes can be the result of various genotypes. The implications of the outcome are to be considered by policymakers in the area of veterinary and human healthcare.
Supplemental Material: Revisiting the chronology of a key loess section in North America using multiple luminescence dating methods
Authors: Avram A. , Timar-Gabor Alida , al. et
Published: February 2025

Two tables that present the measurement protocols applied in this study and the values for residual dose obtained for pIRIR measurements.
Associations between serum lipids and glaucoma: a cohort study of 400 229 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Ma Yiyuan , Wu Yue , Hu Leyi , Chen Wen , Zhang Xinyu , Zheng Danying , Congdon Nathan , Jin Guangming , Liu Zhenzhen
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To examine the associations of commonly-used serum lipid measures (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG)) with glaucoma.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 400 229 participants from the UK Biobank. Cox regression and restricted cubic spline models and polygenic risk scores were employed to investigate the associations between serum lipids and glaucoma.

Results

Over a mean follow-up of 14.44 years, 6868 (1.72%) participants developed glaucoma. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that higher levels of HDL-C were associated with an increased risk of glaucoma (HR for 1-SD increase in HDL-C 1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.08, p=0.001), while elevated levels of LDL-C (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99, p=0.005), TC (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.00, p=0.037) and TG (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99, p=0.008) were all associated with reduced risk. The analysis examining the associations between polygenic risk score of serum lipids and glaucoma showed per 1-SD increment of HDL-C genetic risk was associated with a 5% greater hazard of glaucoma (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.11, p=0.031). However, the polygenic risk score of LDL-C, TC, and TG did not show a significant association with glaucoma.

Conclusions

Elevated HDL-C is associated with an increased risk of glaucoma, while elevated LDL-C, TC, and TG levels are associated with a lower risk of glaucoma. This study enhances our understanding of the association between lipid profile and glaucoma and warrants further investigation of lipid-focused treatments in glaucoma management.
Caregivers’ experiences of being asked about adverse childhood experiences and receiving support from an integrated health and social care hub: a qualitative study
Authors: Kabir Ashraful , Loveday Sarah , Hiscock Harriet , Bosward Rebecca , Ebbett Wilhelmina , Liu Hueiming , White Natalie , Chen Lingling
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are significant contributors to the burden of disease and remain a serious concern for the health and wellbeing of children in Australia. To address ACEs, we co-designed and implemented two integrated health and social care hubs (Child and Family Hubs [CFHs]). This study explores the experiences of caregivers who received care from the CFHs, including the way they were asked about ACEs and the services offered to address identified ACEs.

Design

A qualitative study design was used. Using a semistructured interview guide, 29 in-depth interviews were conducted with caregivers of children who were experiencing a range of adversities, including maltreatment and household dysfunction, child neglect, parent mental illness, domestic violence, family conflict, community dysfunction, discrimination, poverty or financial hardship. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyse textual data. Triangulation of investigators and sources of data improved validation of the findings. NVivo (V.12) was used to organise, index and retrieve data.

Settings

This study was conducted in two Child and Family Hubs (CFHs) in Australia—IPC Health, Wyndham Vale, Melbourne, and Marrickville Health Centre, Sydney, between May and October 2023.

Participants

Participants (n=29) were the caregivers of children living with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).

Results

Four themes were identified which reflected the caregivers’ experiences of being asked about adversities and how they linked to the support and services both in the CFHs and outside the CFH. These themes were as follows: (i) trusting relationships are fundamental; (ii) expectations play a role in talking about adversities; (iii) barriers to open discussion of adversities and (iv) barriers to accessing services.

Conclusions

Consultations between caregivers and hub practitioners can effectively identify and address ACEs despite certain barriers. Establishing a trusting relationship where caregivers feel heard and supported is vital, highlighting the hub model’s potential impact in Australia and similar contexts. Enhancing consultation duration, and service availability and accessibility may further improve caregivers’ experiences in identifying and addressing adversity.
Machine learning research methods to predict postoperative pain and opioid use: a narrative review
Authors: Langford Dale J , Reichel Julia F , Zhong Haoyan , Basseri Benjamin H , Koch Marc P , Kolady Ramana , Liu Jiabin , Sideris Alexandra , Dworkin Robert H , Poeran Jashvant , Wu Christopher L
Published: February 2025

The use of machine learning to predict postoperative pain and opioid use has likely been catalyzed by the availability of complex patient-level data, computational and statistical advancements, the prevalence and impact of chronic postsurgical pain, and the persistence of the opioid crisis. The objectives of this narrative review were to identify and characterize methodological aspects of studies that have developed and/or tested machine learning algorithms to predict acute, subacute, or chronic pain or opioid use after any surgery and to propose considerations for future machine learning studies. Pairs of independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts of 280 PubMed-indexed articles and ultimately extracted data from 61 studies that met entry criteria. We observed a marked increase in the number of relevant publications over time. Studies most commonly focused on machine learning algorithms to predict chronic postsurgical pain or opioid use, using real-world data from patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. We identified variability in sample size, number and type of predictors, and how outcome variables were defined. Patient-reported predictors were highlighted as particularly informative and important to include in such machine learning algorithms, where possible. We hope that findings from this review might inform future applications of machine learning that improve the performance and clinical utility of resultant machine learning algorithms.
Chronic postsurgical pain and transitional pain services: a narrative review highlighting European perspectives
Authors: Moka Eleni , Aguirre José Alejandro , Sauter Axel R , Lavand’homme Patricia
Published: February 2025

Background/Importance

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a significant, often debilitating outcome of surgery, impacting patients’ quality of life and placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. CPSP (pain persisting for more than 3 months postsurgery) leads to both physical and psychological distress. Recognized as a distinct chronic pain entity in International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, CPSP enables better reporting and improved management strategies. Despite advancements in surgical care, CPSP remains prevalent, affecting 5%–85% of patients, with higher rates following thoracotomies, amputations, mastectomies and joint replacements.

Objective

The acute to chronic pain transition involves complex interactions between peripheral and central mechanisms, with central sensitization playing a key role. Identifying high-risk patients is crucial for prevention, with factors such as surgical type, nerve injury, neuropathic elements in acute postoperative pain, and psychosocial conditions being significant contributors.

Evidence review

Current pain management strategies, including multimodal therapy and regional anesthesia, show limited effectiveness in preventing CPSP. Neuromodulation interventions, though promising, are not yet established as preventive modalities.

Findings

Transitional pain services (TPSs) offer a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to managing CPSP and reducing opioid dependence, addressing both physical and psychosocial aspects of functional recovery. While promising results have been seen in Canada and Finland, TPSs are not yet widely implemented in Europe. There is also growing interest in pain biomarkers, through initiatives such as the A2CPS program, aiming to improve CPSP prediction and develop targeted interventions.

Conclusions

Future research should focus on large-scale studies integrating various factors to facilitate CPSP prediction, refine prevention strategies and reduce its long-term impact.
Postamputation pain: a multidisciplinary review of epidemiology, mechanisms, prevention, and treatment
Authors: Doshi Tina L , Dolomisiewicz Edward , Caterina Michael J , Belzberg Allan , Kastl Alexander J , Cohen Steven P
Published: February 2025

Despite humanity’s long experience with amputations, postamputation pain remains a highly prevalent, incompletely understood, and clinically challenging condition. There are two main types of postamputation pain: residual limb pain (including but not limited to the “stump”) and phantom limb pain. Despite considerable overlap between the two, they also have distinct clinical features, risk factors, and pathophysiological mechanisms. Central, peripheral, and spinal mechanisms may all contribute to the protean manifestations of persistent postamputation pain; an improved understanding of these mechanisms will be essential to identify the most promising interventions for the prevention and treatment of postamputation pain. Although there are currently no standardized prevention or treatment recommendations for any type of postamputation pain, an evidence-based, multimodal strategy including pharmacological agents, nonsurgical procedures, surgery, complementary and integrative techniques, and assistive technologies may prevent the development of chronic postamputation pain after amputation and/or optimize treatment outcomes.
Development trend, evolution of themes, gaps and challenges of the research investigating ozone effects on vegetation
Authors: Yang Ning , Cotrozzi Lorenzo , Liu Chunlan , Qiao Qing , Wang Xiaoke , Zheng Feixiang , Hoshika Yasutomo , Nali Cristina , Paoletti Elena , Pisuttu Claudia , Risoli Samuele , Pellegrini Elisa
Published: February 2025

Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a potent oxidant that can harm plants, making it a key focus of research in ecology and agriculture. However, comprehensive reviews about the developmental history of O3 research on plants are lacking. This review utilized Citespace software to unveil the evolution of the main research themes over time, which correlated with three distinct developmental periods. During the first period, researchers primarily focused on the impact of O3 on photosynthesis and plant defense responses. As time progressed, more in-depth investigations were undertaken including determining the critical levels at which O3 damage to plants occurred, analyzing the source-sink carbon balance and carbon allocation, assessing food security based on risk evaluation, identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with O3 tolerance, conducting transgenic research, and exploring the combined effect of multiple stressors on vegetation within the context of climate change. Despite these insights, several gaps and challenges remain, that merit future considerations. Greater research efforts should focus on 1) insufficient studies on the combined effects of O3, CO2, and drought in the context of global warming; 2) intermittent elevated O3 events and plant recovery mechanisms under low O3 concentration; 3) reproductive and renewal capacity of species, and t O3 effects on community stability or composition; 4) updating O3 flux measurements to reflect effective O3 flux when O3 index is applied, and challenges in determining species-specific phytotoxicity threshold; and 5) O3-tolerance gene screening and breeding.
Finding excesses in model parameter space
Authors: Chathirathas Kierthika , Ferber Torben , Kahlhoefer Felix , Morandini Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Simulation-based inference (SBI) makes it possible to infer the parameters of a model from high-dimensional low-level features of the observed events. In this work we show how this method can be used to establish the presence of a weak signal on top of an unknown background, to discard background events and to determine the signal properties. The key idea is to use SBI methods to identify events that are similar to each other in the sense that they agree on the inferred model parameters. We illustrate this method for the case of axion-like particles decaying to photons at beam-dump experiments. For poor detector resolution the diphoton mass cannot be reliably reconstructed, so there is no simple high-level observable that can be used to perform a bump hunt. Since the SBI methods do not require explicit high-level observables, they offer a promising alternative to increase the sensitivity to new physics.
Further study of $$c\bar{c}c\bar{c}$$ system within a chiral quark model
Authors: Wu Yuheng , Liu Xuejie , Ping Jialun , Huang Hongxia , Tan Yue
Published: February 2025

Inspired by the recent ATLAS and CMS experiments on the invariant mass spectrum of

$$J/\psi J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ
J
/
ψ

, we systematically study the

$$c\bar{c}c\bar{c}$$

c

c

¯

c

c

¯

system of

$$J^{P}=0^{+}$$

J
P

=

0
+

. In the framework of chiral quark model, we have carried out bound-state calculation and resonance-state calculation respectively by using Real-scaling method. The results of bound-state calculation show that there are no bound states in the

$$c\bar{c}c\bar{c}$$

c

c

¯

c

c

¯

with

$$0^{+}$$

0
+

system. The resonance-state calculation shows that there are four possible resonances: R(6923), R(6996), R(7060) and R(7159). R(6923) and R(7159) are experimental candidates for X(6900) and X(7200), whose main decay channel is

$$J/\psi J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ
J
/
ψ

. It is important to note that the another major decay channel of R(7159) is

$$\chi _{c0} \chi _{c0}$$

χ

c
0

χ

c
0

, and the

$$\chi _{c0} \chi _{c0}$$

χ

c
0

χ

c
0

is also the main decay channel of R(6996), R(7060). Therefore, we propose to search experimentally for these two predicted resonances in the

$$\chi _{c0} \chi _{c0}$$

χ

c
0

χ

c
0

invariant mass spectrum.
Hybrid solutions and nonlinear transformed waves for the (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Sawada–Kotera–Ramani equation
Authors: Ma Hongcai , Su Nan , Deng Aiping
Published: February 2025

The research object of this paper is the [Formula: see text]-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Sawada–Kotera–Ramani (KPSKR) equation. Quite different with the other research works, the primary goal of this research is to search the hybrid solutions containing nonlinear transformed waves, lump solutions and breather solutions of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional KPSKR equation. Under premise of obtaining the N-soliton solutions which are acquired via the Hirota bilinear method, we derive lump solutions via using the long wave limit method. Also, breather solutions are attained by applying the complex conjugate construction method. Additionally, the mixed solutions containing them are derived. What’s more, six different types of nonlinear transformed waves including W-shaped soliton, quasi-anti-dark soliton, quasi-periodic soliton, multi-peak soliton, M-shaped soliton, oscillation M-shaped soliton are derived from breathers and lumps under transformation mechanism. We discuss at length the hybrid solutions containing nonlinear transformed waves when [Formula: see text]. Besides, these obtained solutions are depicted through 3D graphics, density plots and cross-sectional views.
Modeling and simulation of entropy optimization in Darcy–Forchheimer flow of magneto-Ree–Eyring nanofluid with suction/injection and motile microorganisms
Authors: Reddy M. Vinodkumar , Meenakumari R. , Ajithkumar M. , Sucharitha G. , Lakshminarayana P. , Nath Jintu Mani
Published: February 2025

Recent studies indicate that nanofluids are crucial for solar heat exchange operations and solar energy collectors. Furthermore, the importance of energy and mass transfer in entropy creation is significantly increased in a number of industrial and engineering processes, such as mechanical power collectors, air conditioning, food processing, refrigeration, and heat exchangers. As a result of this advancement, this research is aimed to explore the comparative study on bioconvective Darcy–Forchheimer flow of an incompressible hydromagnetic Ree–Eyring nanofluid over a chemically activated expanding sheet in suction and injection cases while including the consequences of radiation, energy generation, and convective boundary conditions. Boundary layer approximation is utilized to represent this investigation’s primary partial differential equations (PDE). Then, using the appropriate transformation, the models are rebuilt into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE). Utilizing the BVP5C inbuilt MATLAB package, the numerical solutions for this examination are established. Further, the graphical and tabular representations allow us to analyze the impacts of several relevant features on the microorganism’s density, concentration, entropy creation, velocity, temperature, friction factor, Sherwood, and Nusselt number distribution. The outcomes reveal that the velocity field of the liquid movement is declined by applying positive amounts of the Darcy–Forchheimer and magnetic parameters, respectively. Boosting values of the radiation, thermal ratio parameter, and temperature Biot number assist an increase in the thermal field. It reveals the augmented entropy generation with the rising values of bioconvection Lewis number and Brinkman number. Furthermore, the mass transfer rate increases with larger values of the Brownian parameter and chemical reaction parameter.
Study Protocol for the Hand OsteoArthritis Self-Management and Integrated Scheme (OASIS-H) to Improve Outcomes in Patients with Hand Osteoarthritis—an Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tang Iris Yan Ki , Tang Lai Man , Ho Brian , Wong Joyce , Lau Amanda , Kwok Suet Kei , Ho Carmen Tze Kwan
Published: February 2025

The increasing prevalence of hand osteoarthritis (OA) in Hong Kong’s aging population and its economic burden necessitate more effective management strategies. This study examines the efficacy of the Hand OsteoArthritis Self-management and Integrated Scheme (OASIS-H) compared to routine clinical care for patients with symptomatic hand OA. In this open-label, randomized controlled trial, symptomatic OA hand patients are included and randomized into early intervention and routine clinical care groups. The early intervention group undergoes an 8-week integrated hand OA management program, consisting of modified self-management education sessions, exercise, education, and occupational therapy intervention. At 6 months, routine clinical care patients will cross over to receive the same program as the early intervention group. The primary endpoint is the change in finger pain on visual analogue scale (VAS) at 6 months from baseline. The study aims to determine if the integrated program is more efficacious than routine care in reducing pain and improving function in hand OA patients.
What Did My Users Experience? Discovering Visual Stimuli on Graphical User Interfaces of the Web
Authors: Menges Raphael , Staab Steffen , Schaefer Christoph , Walber Tina , Kumar Chandan
Published: February 2025

Main tasks of usability experts for Web sites comprise the analysis of user interaction behavior on graphical user interfaces, the discovery of issues, and the derivation of improvements to the interface. The analysis of user interaction behavior and corresponding discovery of issues are made difficult by modern Web interfaces that incorporate dynamic interface elements and that orchestrate complex reactions to user responses. We propose a semi-automated approach for discovering visual stimuli, which capture summarized views of the interface as encountered by users during interaction. Discovered visual stimuli allow for meaningful aggregations of user interactions based on what users encountered on the interface such that the analysis by usability experts can relate the interface views with user interactions correctly and identify arising issues. We provide WebVSD as an implementation of the approach and perform a set of evaluations with real-world Web sites that show the accuracy of proposed methods in isolation and in the tool chain, as well as case studies and a survey of usability experts indicating the usefulness of the suggested approach.
HCI, Disability, and Sport: A Literature Review
Authors: Strobel Lukas , Gerling Kathrin
Published: February 2025

Equitable access to sport for disabled people remains challenging, and technology is often viewed as a way of addressing barriers. However, little is known about how disability is approached in such research and the purpose of sport that is afforded to disabled people. We address this issue in a review of 60 publications in the field of Human-Computer Interaction. We leverage Template Analysis in combination with Mueller and Young’s lenses on virtues of sport to also explore the experiential side of sports technology for disabled people. Our results are threefold: (1) We show that disability shifts the intended purpose of sports technology away from leisure to health, and that technologies such as exergames are viewed as an opportunity to replace real-world sport to address barriers and increase motivation. (2) We highlight that in(ter)dependence plays a strong role in technology development, but that disabled people are not extensively involved in research. (3) We show that virtues beyond health as per Mueller and Young do apply to existing work, but that value frameworks need to be re-worked in the context of disability, placing a stronger emphasis on sport as leisure, and the enriching role that technology can play.