bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Qualitative Analysis of Plant Samples by High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography for the Presence of Steroid Sapogenins of Some Representatives of the Dioscoreacae, Fabaceae, Ranunculaceae, Melanthiaceae, Scrophulariaceae
Authors: Sukhanov A. E. , Krylov I. A. , Sepp V. V. , Bakulin K. S.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Results of original research carried out by means of high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) of various plant samples (air-dry raw material) of Dioscoreaceae, Ranunculaceae, Fabaceae, Melanthiaceae, Scrophulariaceae families are presented in this article.

Aim. To carry out preliminary qualitative analysis by HPTLC method of steroidal sapogenins composition in hydrolyzed extracts, obtained from vegetative samples of above-ground and underground organs of some Dioscoreaceae, Ranunculaceae, Fabaceae, Melanthiaceae, Scrophulariaceae families.

Materials and methods. Extraction from pre-dehydrated raw materials was carried out with 50 % aqueous isopropanol (c.p.) in an ultrasonic bath, followed by acidic hydrolysis of O-glycoside bonds, evaporation and redissolution of dry residue in 99 % methanol (c.p.); purification from suspended solids by filtering through filters with 20 µm perforation diameter. HPTLC was performed on apparatus complex CAMAG (Switzerland) using HPTLC Aluminium sheets Silica gel 60 F254 plates 20 × 20 cm, which were cut to the size 20 × 10 cm.

Results and discussion. After scanning densitometry at 254 nm, we found that the separation of isopropanol extracts, followed by redissolution in strong methanol in this solvent system allows a fairly acceptable separation and identification of the compounds studied. Comparison of the tracks of plant extracts was performed with standard samples of steroid sapogenins, whose methanol solutions were applied to one stain-strobe of track 1, provided that they had different Rf indices and coloration after derivatization.

Conclusion. Diosgenin was identified in plant extracts of rhizomes and roots of Dioscorea nipponica and Dioscorea caucasica and in seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum preliminarily. Sarsasapogenin was verified in extracts of fruits of Sophora japonica, tigogenin in extracts of seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum, herb of Pulsatilla patens and herb of Veronica officinalis. Yamogenin was detected in extracts of seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum and herb of Veronica officinalis. This work is exploratory in nature, assessing the presence of certain saponins by their sapogenins in selected extracts. We will optimize the HPLC separation procedure and choose other detection methods to unambiguously assess the co-presence of the studied sapogenins with approximately the same staining shades after derivatization and matching retention indices: there are pairs of steroidal sapogenins that have the same retention, we decided to group them in mixtures so that there would be separation within the group and subsequent comparison with the original extracts would make it possible to identify those or other sapogenins in such extracts.
Análise terapêutica do canabidiol para o tratamento de Alzheimer
Authors: Magalhães Maria Vitória Frota , Nogueira Ruymara Candal , Bertazzon Joana Baschung , Vicente Andressa Gonçalves , Sereno Marcos Gabriel Bastos , Palhares Carlos Vinícius Teixeira , Silva Marina Rodrigues e
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências terapêuticas quanto aos potenciais efeitos antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórios e neuroprotetores do canabidiol (CDB) e sua eficácia para o tratamento da Doença de Alzheimer (DA). Metodologia: Levantamento de dados, na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com direcionamento às bases primárias Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) para responder à pergunta de pesquisa: o uso terapêutico do canabidiol é eficaz para melhorar o tratamento de pacientes com Doença de Alzheimer? Resultados: Foram selecionados 14 artigos, após análise dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, todos posteriores ao ano de 2017, concentrando-se o maior número em revisão sistemática da literatura ou metanálise. Conclusão: O canabidiol possui potencial evidente para diminuir a sintomatologia da DA tendo em vista sua atuação no Sistema Nervoso Central. Desta forma, seu uso terapêutico no tratamento de DA emerge como um campo de investigação promissor, destacando sua relevância como uma opção de tratamento seguro e efetivo. Portanto, faz-se necessária a compreensão aprofundada das propriedades antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias e neuroprotetoras do CBD, não apenas para a melhor definição clínica da DA, mas também para uma série de doenças neurológicas que ainda possuem tratamentos indefinidos. O potencial do CBD, assim, representa uma valiosa alternativa no contexto da neurologia, oferecendo perspectivas significativas para o tratamento de condições neurodegenerativas.
Análise temporal e financeira das internações por pneumonia na população infantojuvenil brasileira
Authors: Megiani Isabela Nishimura , Marmé Heloísa Rodrigues , Prates Ana Lara Milian , Oliveira Gabriela Lima Camilo de , Vieira Fernanda Carvalho Camargos , Silva Letícia Lima da , Ruela Guilherme de Andrade
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Identificar as características epidemiológicas de crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados devido à pneumonia, bem como descrever os custos públicos destinados a esse fim ao longo da última década no Brasil. Metodologia: Estudo ecológico descritivo e retrospectivo realizado em janeiro de 2024, mediante o Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH/SUS). Foram incluídos dados anuais sobre valores de serviços hospitalares e média de permanência infantojuvenil acometida por pneumonia no período de 2013 a 2022, além da análise do número de internações segundo sexo, faixa etária até 19 anos e regiões brasileiras. Resultado: No período compreendido entre os anos 2013 a 2022, observa-se que 52,5% da verba destinada ao tratamento para internações por doenças do aparelho respiratório foi direcionada somente à pneumonia, tendo o pico dos gastos em 2022. Em relação ao ano, 2013 apresentou mais casos de internações por pneumonia (311.364 casos), com a análise do tempo médio de permanência hospitalar houve consistência, uma média total de 5,2 dias nos anos analisados. O perfil sociodemográfico revelou maior frequência dos casos na região Sudeste (33%), no sexo masculino (54,37%) e na faixa etária de 1-4 anos (46,52%). Conclusão: Diante deste estudo, foi possível inferir que o crescimento dos números de internações por pneumonia na população infantojuvenil brasileira são diretamente proporcionais aos gastos hospitalares analisados na última década, levando à necessidade de políticas públicas de prevenção e de promoção da saúde, além da preservação ambiental e da promoção da educação e da infraestrutura.
APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING TO HIU PAUS TOURISM IN TOMINI BAY
Authors:   Gorontalo State University, Kanon Juwita , Badu Ronald Soemitro ,   Gorontalo State University, Amaliah Tri Handayani ,   Gorontalo State University
Published: February 2024

Research Purposes. This study examines the application of environmental accounting in Hiu Paus Tourism in Tomini Bay. Research Methods. This research is in the realm of qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. Research Results and Findings. The results showed that Hiu Paus Tourism still needs to implement environmental accounting by PSAK 2015 No. 1 concerning the presentation of financial statements, and there has been no special report related to environmental costs. In environmental management, Hiu Paus Tourism has carried out waste management and maintenance of coral reefs internally. However, the allocation of environmental costs is still carried out and has not been maximized. However, Hiu Paus tours in Tomini Bay have followed general rules of interaction for the safety of visitors in special interest tours.
Variation in polyandry, reproductive output, and within-brood genetic diversity in a marine snail population across seasons and years
Authors: Hooks AP , Burgess SC
Published: February 2024

The frequency of polyandry has important implications for effective population size, genetic variation, and reproductive output. Compared to terrestrial organisms with complex social behaviors, the patterns and consequences of polyandry in marine populations are relatively less clear. Here we quantified polyandry in the Florida crown conch Melongena corona in the field under natural settings. We assessed the extent to which additional mates increase genetic diversity within broods, how polyandry relates to female reproductive output, and how consistent patterns are across their 5 mo reproductive season in 2 separate years. We found large variation in polyandry (2 to 19 sires per brood) and reproductive output among females. However, the number of sires per brood was unrelated to reproductive output. The number of sires increased genetic diversity within broods regardless of year or time of season. The number of sires per brood and reproductive output did not vary over the season or among years. Overall, our results show natural variation in polyandry upon which selection could act, but increased polyandry did not lead to females producing more hatchlings, and neither polyandry nor reproductive output increased over time when females could accumulate and store sperm. Any benefits of polyandry in terms of genetic diversity are expected to occur after hatching, if at all, rather than inside the egg capsule. Variation in polyandry could arise because males control mating and polyandry is less costly for females than trying to prevent superfluous matings.
Comment on "Superradiant stability of the Kerr black holes'' by Huang
Authors: CHEN WEN-XIANG
Published: February 2024

It has been claimed in \cite{1} that this research investigates the superradiant stability of a system comprising a Kerr black hole and a massive scalar perturbation. Previous studies have demonstrated superradiant stability under the condition $\mu \geq \sqrt{2} m \Omega_H$, where $\mu$ represents the scalar's proper mass, $m$ denotes the azimuthal number of the scalar mode, and $\Omega_H$ is the angular velocity of the Kerr black hole's horizon. Their work serves as a complement to these findings. They analytically establish that in the complementary parameter space, $\mu < \sqrt{2} m \Omega_H$, the system maintains superradiant stability if the scalar perturbation and Kerr black hole parameters meet two straightforward criteria: $\omega < \frac{\mu}{\sqrt{2}}$ and $\frac{r_{-}}{r_{+}} < 0.802$.The condition derived therein involves four variables (\(z_1\), \(z_2\), \(z_3\), and \(z_4\)) which are all negative. Given the focus of the cited article on analyzing the stability condition of \(B_1\), imposing constraints on the sign (positive or negative) of \(z_1\) and \(z_2\) is not pertinent. Consequently, the stability criterion presented in this article is broader and less precise.
IMPLEMENTASI KONSEP KEBEBASAN TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN ANAK USIA 5 - 6 TAHUN DALAM PERSEPEKTIF ISLAM DI RA DAARUL MAHDI PASARKEMIS TANGERANG
Authors: Pertiwi Fitri Pertiwi , Attamimi Naila
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of the concept of freedom and its influence on children's independence and related to the Islamic perspective at RA Daarul Mahdi. This research is a quantitative descriptive study, because the phenomena that occur can be classified, concrete, observable, measurable, and the relationship between symptoms is causal. The quantitative descriptive research approach is intended to examine the implementation of freedom and its effect on children's independence from an Islamic perspective. The results of this study Shows that parents have a role in developing children's independence. Based on the results of correlation calculations with product moment analysis obtained rxy of 0.71, there is a positive correlation and implied a strong correlation coefficient between the concept of freedom (variable X) and children's independence (variable Y). From the results of the calculation of the coefficient of determination obtained a value of 50.41%. Thus, the contribution of the concept of freedom to children's independence is 50.41% and this means that it is influenced by other factors, such as environmental factors.
Efektifitas Penggunaan Media Audio Visual Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X Ipa 3 Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Sma Islamic Centre Tangerang
Authors: Rusli Putri Nurhaliza
Published: February 2024

The objective of this research is to explain how far the effectiveness of the use of audio-visual media in improving student learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education subject. This research is done on the class of X IPA 3 SMA Islamic Centre Tangerang. The technique of taking the samples is purposive sampling. Data collection tool obtained through observation, interview and documentation data. The method that is used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The result of this research showed that the use of audio visual media has a level of effectiveness that is relevant to the success of student in learning. This can be seen from the results of the students on the class of X IPA 3 with an average grade of 80 and above. Based on the results of the interview showed that students really like and motivated when teaching and learning activities using audio-visual media in the form of video, because the interview results proved that audio visual learning media in the form of video makes it very easy for students to understand and digest the subject matter.
Penerapan Metode Kerja Sama Dalam Membentuk Keterampilan Sosial Anak Usia 3-5 Tahun
Authors: Yulinar Nia
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to stimulate children in the formation of social skills, because at the age of three to five years children gradually learn how to become social members. Thus, the lack of formation of social skills and cooperation can cause children's feelings of inferiority, delinquency and being shunned in association by their friends. This research is a classroom action research (PTK). Description of the data in this study is to use the stages of the cycle, namely planning, implementation of the cycle, observation, and reflection. This research was conducted at An-Nur KB/TK on March 03, 2021.Based on the results of the research that was found after conducting this research, the data obtained started from pre-cycles III, which was 60.44% pre-cycle, in the first cycle of 72.13% and the last cycle of 81.03% by obtaining a very developed category. good. Improvements made during the research process have shown an increase in early childhood social skills.Keywords: use Garamond 11, write 3-5 words concepts are core/essential/fundamental from the article, arranged alphabetically.
Pendidikan Akhlak Dalam Sirah NabawiyahKarya Shafiyyurrahman Al Mubarakfuri Dan Ibnu Hisyam
Authors: Amalina Nida Salsabila , Tamimi Muhyiddin Tohir
Published: February 2024

This research, entitled "Akhlak Education in the Nabawiyah Sirah by Shafiyyurahman Al Mubarakfuri and Ibn Hisham" aims to determine the education and application of moral education to the Prophet Muhammad contained in the Nabawiyah Sirah by Shafiyyurahman Al Mubarakfuri and Ibn Hisham. This study uses library research with the main source being Sirah Nabawiyah by Shafiyyurahman Al Mubarakfuri and Ibn Hisham. Data collection techniques used are secondary and primary methods, namely by searching and collecting data from the book Sirah Nabawiyah by Shafiyyurahman Al Mubarakfuri and Ibn Hisham and books related to the moral education of the Prophet and his history that are relevant to the research. Data collection techniques in this study were research, questionnaires, and discussions. The data validity technique was carried out by means of triangulation (data checking), while the data analysis technique used was to determine the problem, develop a framework of thought, and develop a methodological device consisting of a series of methods that include: The results of this study indicate that the moral education applied in the description of the life story of the Prophet is an important message that we must also apply in our lives as human beings. Morals reflect the differences in the advantages and disadvantages of humans compared to other living creatures. Moral education is described, among others, as Muslims, the Prophet recommended that we live fairly, keep promises, forgive, trust, be grateful for the blessings of Allah, help help, do good to parents, and leave bad morals.Â
Strategi Kepala Madrasah Dalam Meningkatkan Proses Pembelajaran Di Mis Al Ikhwan Tenjo
Authors: Fahriani Mustika Rahayu , Lubis Nada Shofa
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to find out how the concept of the head of the madrasa in improving the learning process at MIs Al Ikhwan Tenjo and to find out the inhibiting factors for the head of the madrasa in improving the learning process at MIs Al Ikhwan Tenjo. This study used an approach in the form of field studies at MIs Al Ikhwan Tenjo, the data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews and documentation. The research subjects are: Head of Madrasah and Teachers. The steps for analyzing data are data reduction, data presentation and conclusions or data verification. The results of this study indicate that the principal of the madrasa has a very important role in improving the learning process at MIs Al Ikhwan Tenjo. Through all the strategies carried out by the head of the madrasa, the realization of educational institutions that have clear goals. In improving the learning process at MIs Al Ikhwan Tenjo, the principal of the madrasah has obstacles such as lack of infrastructure and lack of teacher performance.
Usability of Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor on the growth and yield of oyster mushrooms
Authors:   The Central Laboratory for Organic Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, 12619, Giza, Egypt, Rashwan Mahmoud A.A. , Gouda Hassan A. ,   Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12619 Giza, Egypt
Published: February 2024

In this research, three agricultural substrates, Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor Horse S, and Sorghum bicolor Giza 115, were evaluated as growing media in commercial mushroom cultivation. Zea mays waste had the highest moisture content with a relatively high nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, protein, and energy value compared with Sorghum bicolor Horse S and Sorghum bicolor Giza 115, so the results indicate that Zea mays waste cultivated with different species of Pleurotus tested gave high-production oyster mushrooms with the highest biological efficiency and also a high total number of fruit bodies. P. floridans cultivated in Zea mays waste gave the best production by 182 gm, biological efficiency of 36.4%, and also a high number of fruit bodies (28) followed by P. pulmonarius on Sorghum bicolor Horse S waste, which gave production by 180 gm and also a high number of fruit bodies (27).
Agroecology integrates science, practice, movement, and future food systems
Authors:   Organic Agriculture Program, Madan Bhandari University of Science and Technology, Chitlang, Thaha Municipality-9, Nepal, Chaudhary Suraj , Shrestha Atmaz Kumar ,   Organic Agriculture Program, Madan Bhandari University of Science and Technology, Chitlang, Thaha Municipality-9, Nepal, Rai Sushil ,   Organic Agriculture Program, Madan Bhandari University of Science and Technology, Chitlang, Thaha Municipality-9, Nepal, Acharya Dhana Krishna ,   Organic Agriculture Program, Madan Bhandari University of Science and Technology, Chitlang, Thaha Municipality-9, Nepal, Subedi Sabnam ,   Organic Agriculture Program, Madan Bhandari University of Science and Technology, Chitlang, Thaha Municipality-9, Nepal, Rai Rameshwar ,   Organic Agriculture Program, Madan Bhandari University of Science and Technology, Chitlang, Thaha Municipality-9, Nepal
Published: February 2024

Agroecology is an interdisciplinary field that brings together agricultural practice and ecological principles. This article explores agroecology's theoretical foundations, practical applications, and historical evolution, along with its impact on modern agricultural methods. Agroecology looks at how biophysical and social elements combine to produce food sustainably, promote social justice, and protect the environment. The first section of the article looks at how agroecology developed as a scientific field, discussing its fundamental ideas, practices, and objectives- all of which emphasize participatory, adaptive, and holistic methodologies. The inquiry also looks into how agroecology might support biodiversity, resilience to climate change, and sustainable livelihoods. This article also explores the rise of agroecology as a movement driven by social activism, environmental consciousness, and a search for alternative food systems. After that, the article dives further into the history of agroecology, emphasizing the pioneers' contributions and the development of agroecological principles over time. The text goes on to outline the fundamental principles of agroecology. Its main objectives are enhancing resource efficiency, strengthening resilience, and ensuring social equality. This article discusses the practical applications of agroecology in various agricultural settings, such as permaculture, agroforestry, and agroecological farming systems. A few agro-ecology case studies have been described. Finally, the article highlights the future of food systems. The article concludes by highlighting the necessity of combining scientific understanding with indigenous ecological and cultural knowledge and stating that agro-ecology is viable for a more just and sustainable future for agriculture and food security.
Bring the pain: wounding reveals a transition from cortical excitability to epithelial excitability in Xenopus embryos
Authors: Sepaniac Leslie A. , Davenport Nicholas R. , Bement William M.
Published: February 2024

The cell cortex plays many critical roles, including interpreting and responding to internal and external signals. One behavior which supports a cell’s ability to respond to both internal and externally-derived signaling is cortical excitability, wherein coupled positive and negative feedback loops generate waves of actin polymerization and depolymerization at the cortex. Cortical excitability is a highly conserved behavior, having been demonstrated in many cell types and organisms. One system well-suited to studying cortical excitability is Xenopus laevis, in which cortical excitability is easily monitored for many hours after fertilization. Indeed, recent investigations using X. laevis have furthered our understanding of the circuitry underlying cortical excitability and how it contributes to cytokinesis. Here, we describe the impact of wounding, which represents both a chemical and a physical signal, on cortical excitability. In early embryos (zygotes to early blastulae), we find that wounding results in a transient cessation (“freezing”) of wave propagation followed by transport of frozen waves toward the wound site. We also find that wounding near cell-cell junctions results in the formation of an F-actin (actin filament)-based structure that pulls the junction toward the wound; at least part of this structure is based on frozen waves. In later embryos (late blastulae to gastrulae), we find that cortical excitability diminishes and is progressively replaced by epithelial excitability, a process in which wounded cells communicate with other cells via wave-like increases of calcium and apical F-actin. While the F-actin waves closely follow the calcium waves in space and time, under some conditions the actin wave can be uncoupled from the calcium wave, suggesting that they may be independently regulated by a common upstream signal. We conclude that as cortical excitability disappears from the level of the individual cell within the embryo, it is replaced by excitability at the level of the embryonic epithelium itself.
Infertility in Fabry’s Disease: role of hypoxia and inflammation in determining testicular damage
Authors: Sansone Luigi , Barreca Federica , Belli Manuel , Aventaggiato Michele , Russo Andrea , Perrone Giulietta A. , Russo Matteo A. , Tafani Marco , Frustaci Andrea
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Fabry’s disease (FD) is a genetic X-linked systemic and progressive rare disease characterized by the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (GB3) into the lysosomes of many tissues. FD is due to loss-of-function mutations of α-galactosidase, a key-enzyme for lysosomal catabolism of glycosphingolipids, which accumulate as glycolipid bodies (GB). In homozygous males the progressive deposition of GB3 into the cells leads to clinical symptoms in CNS, skin, kidney, etc. In testis GB accumulation causes infertility and alterations of spermatogenesis. However, the precise damaging mechanism is still unknown. Our hypothesis is that GB accumulation reduces blood vessel lumen and increases the distance of vessels from both stromal cells and seminiferous parenchyma; this, in turn, impairs oxygen and nutrients diffusion leading to subcellular degradation of seminiferous epithelium and sterility.

Methods

To test this hypothesis, we have studied a 42-year-old patient presenting a severe FD and infertility, with reduced number of spermatozoa, but preserved sexual activity. Testicular biopsies were analyzed by optical (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Activation and cellular localization of HIF-1α and NFκB was analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF) and RT-PCR on homogeneous tissue fractions after laser capture microdissection (LCMD).

Results

OM and TEM showed that GB were abundant in vessel wall cells and in interstitial cells. By contrast, GB were absent in seminiferous epithelium, Sertoli’s and Leydig’s cells. However, seminiferous tubular epithelium and Sertoli’s cells showed reduced diameter, thickening of basement membrane and tunica propria, and swollen or degenerated spermatogonia. IF showed an accumulation of HIF-1α in stromal cells but not in seminiferous tubules. On the contrary, NFκB fluorescence was evident in tubules, but very low in interstitial cells. Finally, RT-PCR analysis on LCMD fractions showed the expression of pro-inflammatory genes connected to the HIF-1α/NFκB inflammatory-like pathway.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that infertility in FD may be caused by reduced oxygen and nutrients due to GB accumulation in blood vessels cells. Reduced oxygen and nutrients alter HIF-1α/NFκB expression and localization while activating HIF-1α/NFκB driven-inflammation-like response damaging seminiferous tubular epithelium and Sertoli’s cells.
Tumor beta2-microglobulin and HLA-A expression is increased by immunotherapy and can predict response to CIT in association with other biomarkers
Authors: Reis Bernhard , Attig Jan , Dziadek Sebastian , Graefe Nico , Heller Astrid , Rieder Natascha , Gomes Bruno
Published: February 2024

Background

Downregulation of MHC class I expression and/or defects in the antigen presentation pathways are commonly reported in human cancers. Numerous studies previously have explored extensively the molecular mechanisms that underlie HLA-class I and Beta2-Microglobulin (B2M) downregulation. However, the techniques presently available to detect expression of MHC class I proteins lack the robustness, specificity and sensitivity needed for systematic integration and analysis in clinical trials. Furthermore, the dynamics of HLA-class I and B2M expression have not been comprehensively studied as a potential biomarker for immunotherapy.

Methods

Using novel, validated, immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based methods for quantifying B2M and HLA-A in tumor samples from diverse cancer types, we have determined loss of B2M and HLA-A proteins in 336 archived, primary specimens and 329 biopsies from metastatic patients collected during Roche-sponsored Phase 1 clinical trials investigating novel immunotherapy candidates as monotherapy or in combination with CPI.

Results

Up to 56% of cases with B2M or HLA-A loss were noted in the investigated tumor types. The frequency of loss was dependent on indication and stage of disease and revealed heterogeneous expression patterns across patients. B2M and HLA-A loss was increased in metastatic lesions compared to primary tumors, indicating selection of MHC class I low clones in metastatic and refractory tumor cells. High on-treatment B2M expression correlated with successful clinical outcome (RECIST), while high baseline B2M did not. A treatment-induced increase of B2M expression was noted in most of the patients with low B2M levels at baseline. The triple biomarker combination of B2M, CD8 and PDL1 strongly improved response prediction to cancer immunotherapy.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that B2M and HLA-A loss occurs frequently in tumors and is reversed in most instances following immunotherapy which supports the conclusion that MHC class I loss is not the dominant resistance mechanism to CPI treatment. This investigation reveals a highly dynamic expression of HLA-A and B2M in tumors affected by indication, metastatic status, immunophenotype and immunotherapy treatment. Baseline expression levels of B2M on tumors may be of utility as a constituent of a biomarker panel used for selecting patients for immunotherapy clinical trials.
Antitumor immunostimulatory activity of the traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide on hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Yang , Wu Jiawen , Hao Huiqin
Published: February 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy, often associated with compromised immune function in affected patients. This can be attributed to the secretion of specific factors by liver cancer cells, which hinder the immune response and lead to a state of immune suppression. Polysaccharides derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are valuable constituents known for their immunomodulatory properties. This review aims to look into the immunomodulatory effects of TCM polysaccharides on HCC. The immunomodulatory effects of TCM polysaccharides are primarily manifested through the activation of effector T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells, and macrophages against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both in vivo and in vitro settings. Furthermore, TCM polysaccharides have demonstrated remarkable adjuvant antitumor immunomodulatory effects on HCC in clinical settings. Therefore, the utilization of TCM polysaccharides holds promising potential for the development of novel therapeutic agents or adjuvants with advantageous immunomodulatory properties for HCC.
Dl-3-n-butylphthalide attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice through AMPK-mediated mitochondrial fusion
Authors: Zhu Ting , Dong Shanshan , Qin Na , Liu Rujuan , Shi Liuliu , Wan Qi
Published: February 2024

Introduction: NBP is a compound isolated from celery seeds, which was approved by the National Medical Products Administration in 2002 for clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. However, in brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, the related research on mitochondrial dynamics and its mechanism of action of NBP still need to be further studied. The aim of this study was to assess NBP on cerebral pathology in ischemic stroke in vivo, with a specific focus on the molecular mechanisms of how NBP promotes mitochondrial fusion.

Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were utilized in this study and were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Pre-ischemia, NBP was administered through intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection for 7 days.

Results: Our findings demonstrated that NBP effectively reduced infarct volume, improved neurological dysfunction, enhanced cerebral blood flow, and promoted mitochondrial fusion in mice subjected to MCAO/R. More importantly, the pro-fusion effects of NBP were found to be linked to the activation of AMPK/Mfn1 pathway, and with the activation of neurological function, which was partially eliminated by inhibitors of AMPK.

Discussion: Our results revealed that NBP is a novel mitochondrial fusion promoter in protecting against ischemic stroke through the AMPK-mediated Mfn1. These findings contribute to the understanding of novel mechanisms involved in the protection of neurological function following NBP treatment for ischemic stroke.
Facilitators and barriers to behavior change in overweight and obesity management using the COM-B model
Authors: Timkova Vladimira , Minarikova Daniela , Fabryova Lubomira , Buckova Jana , Minarik Peter , Katreniakova Zuzana , Nagyova Iveta
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Increasing overweight and obesity rates represent one of the global public health challenges. COM-B is a theoretical model used to identify areas to target to achieve behavior change. It identifies three factors that are needed for any behavior to occur: capability, opportunity, and motivation. We aimed to assess the potential facilitators and barriers to behavior change in weight management using the COM-B.

Methods

The study included 139 people with overweight and obesity (mean age 48.81 ± 14.49 years; 64.5% female; body mass index 32.64 ± 6.51 kg/m2; waist-to-height ratio 0.62 ± 0.10) from primary care settings. All participants completed the Brief Measure of Behavior Change (COM-B), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE), and the Overall Evaluation of Health (OEH). Multiple linear regression was performed to analyse the data.

Results

The associations between sociodemographic and clinical variables and COM-B domains attenuated or were no longer significant when psychological resources were added to the regression models. Self-efficacy was identified as a stronger facilitator of health behavior change (p < 0.001) when compared to self-esteem (p < 0.05). No associations between automatic motivation and psychological resources were identified, however. Automatic motivation was found to be associated with higher age, being in a relationship, and better health.

Discussion

Behavioral interventions for weight management should specifically target different components of COM-B. Self-efficacy and self-esteem may play a significant role in individual capabilities, opportunities, and reflective motivation and should be included in tailored public health interventions. Health programs targeting younger and single people, and people with chronic conditions may help to promote sustainable behavior change.
Scholar Metrics Scraper (SMS): automated retrieval of citation and author data
Authors: Cao Yutong , Cheung Nicole A. , Giustini Dean , LeDue Jeffrey , Murphy Timothy H.
Published: February 2024

Academic departments, research clusters and evaluators analyze author and citation data to measure research impact and to support strategic planning. We created Scholar Metrics Scraper (SMS) to automate the retrieval of bibliometric data for a group of researchers. The project contains Jupyter notebooks that take a list of researchers as an input and exports a CSV file of citation metrics from Google Scholar (GS) to visualize the group's impact and collaboration. A series of graph outputs are also available. SMS is an open solution for automating the retrieval and visualization of citation data.
Large-scale magnetic field oscillations and their effects on modulating energetic electron precipitation
Authors: Qin Murong , Li Wen , Ma Qianli , Shen Xiao-Chen , Woodger Leslie , Millan Robyn , Angelopoulos Vassilis
Published: February 2024

In this study, we present simultaneous multi-point observations of magnetospheric oscillations on a time scale of tens of minutes (forced-breathing mode) and modulated whistler-mode chorus waves, associated with concurrent energetic electron precipitation observed through enhanced BARREL X-rays. Similar fluctuations are observed in X-ray signatures and the compressional component of magnetic oscillations, spanning from ∼9 to 12 h in MLT and 5 to 11 in L shell. Such magnetospheric oscillations covering an extensive region in the pre-noon sector have been suggested to play a potential role in precipitating energetic electrons by either wave scattering or loss cone modulation, showing a high correlation with the enhancement in X-rays. In this event, the correlation coefficients between chorus waves (smoothed over 8 min), ambient magnetic field oscillations and X-rays are high. We perform an in-depth quasi-linear modeling analysis to evaluate the role of magnetic field oscillations in modulating energetic electron precipitation in the Earth’s magnetosphere through modulating whistler-mode chorus wave amplitude, resonance condition between chorus waves and electrons, as well as loss cone size. Model results further show that the modulation of chorus wave amplitude plays a dominant role in modulating the electron precipitation. However, the effect of the modulation in the resonant energy between chorus waves and energetic electrons due to the background magnetic field oscillations cannot be neglected. The bounce loss cone modulation, affected by the magnetic oscillations, has little influence on the electron precipitation modulation. Our results show that the low frequency magnetospheric oscillations could play a significant role in modulating the electron precipitation through modulating chorus wave intensity and the resonant energy between chorus waves and electron.
A Machine Learning-Based High-Resolution Soil Moisture Mapping and Spatial–Temporal Analysis: The mlhrsm Package
Authors: Peng Yuliang , Yang Zhengwei , Zhang Zhou , Huang Jingyi
Published: February 2024

Soil moisture is a key environmental variable. There is a lack of software to facilitate non-specialists in estimating and analyzing soil moisture at the field scale. This study presents a new open-sourced R package mlhrsm, which can be used to generate Machine Learning-based high-resolution (30 to 500 m, daily to monthly) soil moisture maps and uncertainty estimates at selected sites across the contiguous USA at 0–5 cm and 0–1 m. The model is based on the quantile random forest algorithm, integrating in situ soil sensors, satellite-derived land surface parameters (vegetation, terrain, and soil), and satellite-based models of surface and rootzone soil moisture. It also provides functions for spatial and temporal analysis of the produced soil moisture maps. A case study is provided to demonstrate the functionality to generate 30 m daily to weekly soil moisture maps across a 70-ha crop field, followed by a spatial–temporal analysis.
Water Uptake Characteristics of Stipa bungeana Trin: Affected by Subsidence in the Coal Mining Areas of Northwest China
Authors: Wei Haoyan , Lu Yanwei , Bai Lu , Niu Jiping , Chen Shi , Mojid Mohammad Abdul , Yang Yingming , Li Min
Published: February 2024

Revealing the water use pattern of plants influenced by coal-mining-caused land subsidence is crucial to understand plant–water interactions and guide ecological restoration. However, available information on herbaceous plants, the dominant species in most arid and semi-arid regions with abundant coal resources, remains inadequate. We investigated the water use patterns of Stipa bungeana Trin. by measuring soil water content, root distribution, and stable isotopes of hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) of soil water and plant stem water both before and after a rainfall event. The results revealed that prior to rainfall, both areas exhibited a low soil water content with no discernible difference in soil drought. However, the soil waters δ2H and δ18O were found to be more enriched at varying depths within the subsidence area, indicating a heightened level of soil evaporation. Both soil water content and soil water isotopic composition responded sensitively to rainfall, with rainfall primarily replenishing the shallow layer (0–20 cm), thereby reflecting an infiltration mode dominated by piston flow. More water seeped into deeper soil layers in the subsidence area compared to the non-subsidence area, with more preferential flow. Before rainfall, the sources of plant water uptake were consistent both at shallow and deep soil layers, implying that the proportion of water uptake gradually decreased with increasing depth. After rainfall, the sources of plant water uptake differed slightly between the two soil layers. The plants in non-subsidence and subsidence areas dominantly extracted soil water at depths greater than 10 cm and 20 cm, respectively. The root system in the subsidence area was more developed than that in the non-subsidence area. Plant water uptake was primarily influenced by the spatial distribution of roots, as well as the post-rainfall water distribution, regardless of whether they were in the subsidence area or not. Although land subsidence affected soil water transport, the water uptake pattern of Stipa bungeana Trin. was similar before and after rainfall, indicating the adaptive growth of plants through their roots in the subsidence area. The high adaptability of herbs such as Stipa bungeana Trin. makes them a viable option for vegetation restoration in subsidence areas. This study has significant implications for evaluating plant–water relationships in subsidence areas due to coal mining, thereby providing a fundamental basis and valuable reference for ecological restoration and management strategies within such affected regions.
Novel Computational Design of Polymer Micromachined Insect-Mimetic Wings for Flapping-Wing Nano Air Vehicles
Authors: Shankar Vinay , Shirakawa Nagi , Ishihara Daisuke
Published: February 2024

The flapping wings of insects undergo large deformations caused by aerodynamic forces, resulting in cambering. Insect-mimetic micro wings for flapping-wing nano air vehicles mimic these characteristic deformations. In this study, a 2.5-dimensional insect-mimetic micro wing model for flapping-wing nano air vehicles is proposed to realize this type of wing. The proposed model includes a wing membrane, a leading edge, a center vein, and a root vein, all of which are modeled as shell elements. The proposed wing is a 2.5-dimensional structure and can thus be fabricated using polymer micromachining. We conducted a design window search to demonstrate the capabilities of the wing. The design windows, which are areas of desirable design solutions in the design parameter space, are iteratively searched using nonlinear finite-element analysis under quasi-steady aerodynamic modeling. Here, thickness is selected as a design parameter. The properties of real insects, polymer materials, and fabrication conditions are used to determine the other parameters. A fabricable design solution that generates sufficient camber is found from the design windows.
Eleven-Year Canopy Nitrogen Addition Enhances the Uptake of Phosphorus by Plants and Accelerates Its Depletion in Soil
Authors: Gao Xiaoli , Gao Yinmei , Li Xiaowei , Zhang Chenlu , Zeng Quanxin , Yuan Xiaochun , Chen Yuehmin , Yu Yuanchun , Fu Shenglei
Published: February 2024

Soil phosphorus (P) is a critical factor that limits plant productivity. Enhanced nitrogen (N) deposition has the potential to modify P transformation and availability, thereby potentially affecting the long-term productivity of forests. Here, we conducted an 11-year-long field experiment to simulate N deposition by adding N to the forest canopy in a N-limited northern subtropical forest in central China and assessed the changes in soil organic P mineralization, P fractions, microbial biomass P content, phosphatase activity, and plant P content under N deposition. Our objective was to establish a theoretical framework for addressing the P supply and sustaining plant productivity in soils with low P availability, particularly in a changing global setting. The results demonstrated a substantial reduction in the levels of total, organic, and available P owing to the canopy addition of N. Furthermore, there was a marked decrease in the proportion of organic P in the total P pool. However, no substantial changes were observed in the soil inorganic P content or the proportion of inorganic P within the total P across different treatments. Canopy N addition significantly enhanced the microbial biomass P content, phosphatase activity, and organic P mineralization rate, suggesting that in soils with limited P availability, the primary source of P was derived from the mineralization of organic P. Canopy N addition substantially increased the P content in leaves and fine roots while concurrently causing a considerable decrease in the N:P ratio. This indicates that N deposition increases P demand in plants. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association among the total, organic, and available P levels in the soil and plant P concentrations (p < 0.05). This suggests that the primary cause of the reduced fractions of P was plant uptake following canopy N addition. Various studies have demonstrated that N deposition induces an augmented P demand in plants and expedites the utilization of available P. A substantial reduction in potentially accessible soil P caused by N deposition is likely to exacerbate regional P depletion, thereby exerting adverse impacts on forest ecosystem productivity.
Differences in Soundscape Perception of Plants Space in Urban Green Space and the Influence of Factors: The Case of Fuzhou, China
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Fan , Tong Huanran , Wang Xiaoying , Dong Jianwen , Wang Minhua
Published: February 2024

A soundscape can enhance the acoustic environment of urban areas and support the sustainable development of green spaces. This study is based on field research on plant information and a perception questionnaire conducted in 30 urban park sample sites in China. The study analysed the differences in soundscape perception among different plant spaces using three dimensions: sound source dominance degree (SDD), sound source harmony degree (SHD), and soundscape perception evaluation. Additionally, five physical indicators of plant space were selected to quantify the effects of physical characteristics of plant space on soundscape perception in urban green space (UGS). The results indicated that there were impacts on soundscape perception. The evaluation of soundscape perception between different types of plant spaces revealed notable differences, particularly in open and enclosed spaces. All eight indicators demonstrated significant differences, indicating that soundscape perception was influenced by the type of plant space. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between plant space and soundscape perception. The evaluation of soundscape perception in three dimensions was related to several factors, including the degree of spatial enclosure, crown density, average tree height, the proportion of trees and shrubs, and the number of tree species. The dominant factor affecting sound source dominance was found to be the degree of spatial enclosure, followed by the average height of trees. Additionally, the diversity of trees affected the overall soundscape perception.