bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In search of a better CPAP interface: A network meta‐analysis comparing nasal masks, nasal pillows and oronasal masks
Authors: Chen Li‐Yang , Chen Yung‐Hsuan , Hu Shih‐Wen , Lin Ming‐Tzer , Lee Pei‐Lin , Chiang Ambrose A. , Tu Yu‐Kang
Published: July 2022

Until now, no study has directly network meta‐analysed the impact of nasal masks, nasal pillows and oronasal masks on continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. This study aimed to meta‐analyse the impact of three kinds of nasal interfaces with both network meta‐analysis and pairwise comparison. PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched from inception to December 2020 for studies that compared the three types of nasal interfaces for treating obstructive sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure. The outcomes were residual apnea–hypopnea index, continuous positive airway pressure, and nightly average usage. The network meta‐analysis was conducted using multivariate random‐effects in a frequentist framework where three interfaces were ranked with the surface under the cumulative ranking probabilities. The pairwise comparison was conducted using random‐effects meta‐analysis. Twenty‐nine articles comprising 6378 participants were included. The pairwise comparison showed both nasal masks and nasal pillows were associated with lower residual apnea–hypopnea index, lower continuous positive airway pressure, and higher continuous positive airway pressure adherence compared with oronasal masks. The surface under the cumulative ranking confirmed that nasal masks were associated with the lowest residual apnea–hypopnea index and highest adherence, while pillows were associated with the lowest continuous positive airway pressure. The meta‐regression identified that lower pretreatment apnea–hypopnea index and continuous positive airway pressure determined during continuous positive airway pressure titration (versus determined during continuous positive airway pressure therapy) was associated with lower continuous positive airway pressure with nasal masks and nasal pillows. In conclusion, compared with oronasal masks, nasal masks and nasal pillows are better interfaces, especially in patients with lower pretreatment apnea–hypopnea index and those with the therapeutic pressure determined during continuous positive airway pressure titration.
Efficacy of tadalafil on symptom‐specific bother in men with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Hirahara Naoki , Harikai Shunji , Fujihara Atsuko , Yamada Yasuhiro , Ushijima So , Ukimura Osamu ,   KPUM‐LUTS Research Group
Published: July 2022

Introduction

This multicenter and prospective study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of tadalafil on patient‐reported bother for each symptom in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Methods

Men with LUTS received 5 mg of tadalafil daily for 4 weeks. We assessed change in symptom severity using both international prostate symptom score (IPSS), and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), as well as patient‐reported quality of life (QOL: bother or satisfaction) for each symptoms using IPSS‐visual analog scale (IPSS‐VAS) and OABSS‐VAS.

Results

We found significant improvements in total IPSS (P < 0.001), including voiding symptoms (P < 0.001), storage symptoms (P < 0.001), and QOL (P < 0.001). All VAS measures corresponding to symptoms in IPSS and OABSS also significantly improved (P < 0.001). The most bothersome symptoms for each patient at baseline evaluated by VAS measures significantly improved (P < 0.001). Patients whose most bothersome symptoms at baseline included IPSS‐Q7 (nocturia) showed significantly smaller improvement of VAS measure after treatment than those without it (P = 0.024).

Conclusions

Daily tadalafil significantly improved not only symptom severity of LUTS but also patient‐reported QOL on each symptom.
Concurrent effect of crown‐of‐thorns starfish outbreak and thermal anomaly of 2020 on coral reef communities of the Spratly Islands (South China Sea)
Authors: Tkachenko Konstantin S. , Hoang Duong Thuy
Published: July 2022

The Spratly Islands are a remote group of more than 150 coral reefs and islands scattered in the south‐central South China Sea and representing a biodiversity hotspot in the region. An integrative anthropogenic impact and increased frequency of thermal anomalies have increasingly been threatening these unique reef ecosystems over the last three decades. The repetitive surveys conducted on four coral reef sites within the Spratly Islands in 2018–2019 and in 2021 revealed a significant decrease of coral cover, particularly of acroporids, a decrease of species diversity and an outbreak of crown‐of‐thorns starfish (COTS) Acanthaster planci (the variation of starfish abundance was 1–18 starfish/100 m2). Moreover, one of two additional sites, located within the same study reefs, revealed a coral‐killing photoautotrophic cyanosponge Terpios hoshinota, covering 56.9% of all dead scleractinian colonies on the reef slope of this site. Analysis of sea surface temperature dynamics during the last 4 years (2018–2021) in the Spratly area allowed suggesting the concurrent negative effect of the COTS outbreak and the thermal anomaly of 2020 on local coral communities. This effect may have contributed to the general trends in coral reef decline in the area of the Spratly archipelago under the condition of repetitive thermal stress and increasing anthropogenic impact.
The benefits, challenges and impacts of accessing social media group support for breastfeeding: A systematic review
Authors: Morse Holly , Brown Amy
Published: July 2022

Breastfeeding support is a key component in meeting the public health responsibility of increasing breastfeeding rates, with access to individualised, convenient and linked support across services central to improved outcomes. With the rise of new technology and the COVID‐19 pandemic, social media (SM) support for breastfeeding has become increasingly popular and it is important to understand how and why mothers access such support, and from whom, to optimise services and to meet mothers’ needs. Increasing research is building on women's use and experience of SM for breastfeeding, although there is a paucity of UK data. This systematic review aimed to understand the impacts of SM support for breastfeeding, including benefits and challenges, to establish the evidence for wider provision within maternity services. The search was limited to studies published in English and focused on the self‐directed use of social media groups for breastfeeding (defined as platforms that facilitate group support via interactivity, allowing for user‐generated content and subsequent responses). Of 327 papers retrieved, 13 studies were included for review. The six themes identified were: breastfeeding context, including factors impacting women's decision making; the relational impact of belonging to an online community; increased self‐efficacy; critiques of SM; the nature and types of support commonly sought and received; and breastfeeding duration as an outcome. The findings confirm that mothers value SM groups for community support, which normalises breastfeeding and provides the support they attribute to improved outcomes, and highlight that UK research focused on provision linked to wider services is needed.
Reduced representation sequencing to understand the evolutionary history of Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana parry) with implications for rare species conservation
Authors: Di Santo Lionel N. , Hoban Sean , Parchman Thomas L. , Wright Jessica W. , Hamilton Jill A.
Published: July 2022

Understanding the contribution of neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes to population differentiation is often necessary for better informed management and conservation of rare species. In this study, we focused on Pinus torreyana Parry (Torrey pine), one of the world's rarest pines, endemic to one island and one mainland population in California. Small population size, low genetic diversity, and susceptibility to abiotic and biotic stresses suggest Torrey pine may benefit from interpopulation genetic rescue to preserve the species' evolutionary potential. We leveraged reduced representation sequencing to tease apart the respective contributions of stochastic and deterministic evolutionary processes to population differentiation. We applied these data to model spatial and temporal demographic changes in effective population sizes and genetic connectivity, to identify loci possibly under selection, and evaluate genetic rescue as a potential conservation strategy. Overall, we observed exceedingly low standing variation within both Torrey pine populations, reflecting consistently low effective population sizes across time, and limited genetic differentiation, suggesting maintenance of gene flow between populations following divergence. However, genome scans identified more than 2000 candidate SNPs potentially under divergent selection. Combined with previous observations indicating population phenotypic differentiation, this indicates natural selection has probably contributed to the evolution of population genetic differences. Thus, while reduced genetic diversity, small effective population size, and genetic connectivity between populations suggest genetic rescue could mitigate the adverse effects of rarity, evidence for adaptive differentiation suggests genetic mixing could disrupt adaptation. Further work evaluating the fitness consequences of inter‐population admixture is necessary to empirically evaluate the trade‐offs associated with genetic rescue in Torrey pine.
First report of classical knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation, L1014F, in human head louse Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Anoplura)
Authors: Mallick Prashant K. , Sindhania Ankita , Gupta Toshi , Singh Dhirendra P. , Saini Seema , Singh Om P.
Published: July 2022

There are at least three known knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations reported globally in the human head louse Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) that are associated with reduced sensitivity to pyrethroids. However, the prevalence of kdr mutation in head lice is not known in the Indian subcontinent. To identify kdr mutations in the Indian head lice population, the genomic region of the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene encompassing IIS1‐2 linker to IIS6 segments was PCR‐amplified and sequenced from P. humanus capitis samples collected from different geographic localities of India. DNA sequencing revealed the presence of four kdr mutations: M827I, T929I, L932F and L1014F. The presence of a classical kdr mutation L1014F, the most widely reported mutation across insect‐taxa associated with the kdr‐trait, is being reported for the first time in P. humanus capitis.
Early loss of locus coeruleus innervation promotes cognitive and neuropathological changes before amyloid plaque deposition in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Flores‐Aguilar Lisi , Hall Hélène , Orciani Chiara , Foret Morgan K. , Kovecses Olivia , Ducatenzeiler Adriana , Cuello A. Claudio
Published: July 2022

Aims

The locus coeruleus (LC) is the main source of noradrenaline (NA) in the mammalian brain and has been found to degenerate during the initial stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies indicate that at late stages of the amyloid pathology, LC‐pathological alterations accelerate AD‐like pathology progression by interfering with the neuromodulatory and anti‐inflammatory properties of NA. However, the impact of LC degeneration at the earliest stages of amyloidosis on the AD‐like pathology is not well understood.

Methods

The LC was lesioned in wild‐type and McGill‐R‐Thy1‐APP transgenic (APP tg) rats by administeringN‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐N‐ethyl‐bromo‐benzylamine before amyloid plaque deposition. Cognitive deficits and AD‐like neuropathological changes were measured after the LC lesion.

Results

Four months post‐treatment, rats displayed a decrease in brain noradrenergic innervation. The LC lesion in APP tg‐treated rats enhanced cognitive deficits and decreased hippocampal cholinergic innervation and neurotrophin expression. In addition, the APP tg‐treated rats displayed an increased microglial and astroglial cell number in close vicinity to hippocampal amyloid‐beta burdened neurons. The recruited microglia showed cellular alterations indicative of an intermediate activation state.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that early LC demise aggravates the early neuroinflammatory process, cognitive impairments, cholinergic deficits and neurotrophin deregulation at the earliest stages of the human‐like brain amyloidosis.
A case of Lewy body disease and anaplastic astrocytoma presenting with atypical parkinsonism
Authors: Leahy Christopher B , Robinson Andrew C , Jabbari Edwin , Morris Huw R , Lally Imogen , Djoukhadar Ibrahim , Roncaroli Federico , Kobylecki Christopher
Published: July 2022

We report on a patient with atypical parkinsonism due to coexistent Lewy body disease (LBD) and diffuse anaplastic astrocytoma. The patient presented with a mixed cerebellar and parkinsonian syndrome, incomplete levodopa response, and autonomic failure. The clinical diagnosis was multiple system atrophy (MSA). Supportive features of MSA according to the consensus diagnostic criteria included postural instability and early falls, early dysphagia, pyramidal signs, and orofacial dystonia. Multiple exclusion criteria for a diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) were present. Neuropathological examination of the left hemisphere and the whole midbrain and brainstem revealed LBD, neocortical‐type consistent with iPD, hippocampal sclerosis, and widespread neoplastic infiltration by an anaplastic astrocytoma without evidence of a space occupying lesion. There were no pathological features of MSA. The classification of atypical parkinsonism was difficult in this patient. The clinical features and disease course were confounded by the coexistent tumor, leading to atypical presentation and a diagnosis of MSA. We suggest that the initial features were due to Lewy body pathology, while progression and ataxia, pyramidal signs, and falls were accelerated by the occurrence of the astrocytoma. Our case reflects the challenges of an accurate diagnosis of atypical parkinsonism, the potential for confounding co‐pathology and the need for autopsy examination to reach a definitive diagnosis.
Exposure to the early COVID‐19 pandemic and early, moderate and overall preterm births in the United States: A conception cohort approach
Authors: Margerison Claire E. , Bruckner Tim A. , MacCallum‐Bridges Colleen , Catalano Ralph , Casey Joan A. , Gemmill Alison
Published: July 2022

Background

The United States (US) data suggest fewer‐than‐expected preterm births in 2020, but no study has examined the impact of exposure to the early COVID‐19 pandemic at different points in gestation on preterm birth.

Objective

Our objective was to determine—among cohorts exposed to the early COVID‐19 pandemic—whether observed counts of overall, early and moderately preterm birth fell outside the expected range.

Methods

We used de‐identified, cross‐sectional, national birth certificate data from 2014 to 2020. We used month and year of birth and gestational age to estimate month of conception for birth. We calculated the count of overall (<37 weeks gestation), early (<33 weeks gestation) and moderately (33 to <37 weeks gestation) preterm birth by month of conception. We employed time series methods to estimate expected counts of preterm birth for exposed conception cohorts and identified cohorts for whom the observed counts of preterm birth fell outside the 95% detection interval of the expected value.

Results

Among the 23,731,146 births in our study, the mean prevalence of preterm birth among monthly conception cohorts was 9.7 per 100 live births. Gestations conceived in July, August or December of 2019—that is exposed to the early COVID‐19 pandemic in the first or third trimester—yielded approximately 3245 fewer moderately preterm and 3627 fewer overall preterm births than the expected values for moderate and overall preterm. Gestations conceived in August and October of 2019—that is exposed to the early COVID‐19 pandemic in the late second to third trimester—produced approximately 498 fewer early preterm births than the expected count for early preterm.

Conclusions

Exposure to the early COVID‐19 pandemic may have promoted longer gestation among close‐to‐term pregnancies, reduced risk of later preterm delivery among gestations exposed in the first trimester or induced selective loss of gestations.
Prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcome of major structural anomalies detectable in the first trimester: A population‐based cohort study in the Netherlands
Authors: Bardi Francesca , Bergman Jorieke Elisabertha Hermina , Siemensma‐Mühlenberg Nicole , Elvan‐Taşpınar Ayten , de Walle Hermien Evelien Klaaske , Bakker Marian Karolien
Published: July 2022

Background

Prenatal diagnosis of several major congenital anomalies can be achieved in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Objective

This study investigates the timing of diagnosis and pregnancy outcome of foetuses and neonates with selected structural anomalies in the Northern Netherlands over a 10‐year period when the prenatal screening programme changed significantly, but no first‐trimester anatomical screening was implemented.

Methods

We performed a population‐based retrospective cohort study with data from the EUROCAT Northern Netherlands database on pregnancies with delivery or termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (TOPFA) date between 2010 and 2019. The analysis was restricted to anomalies potentially detectable in the first trimester of pregnancy in at least 50% of cases, based on previously published data. These included: anencephaly, encephalocele, spina bifida, holoprosencephaly, tricuspid/pulmonary valve atresia, hypoplastic left heart, abdominal wall and limb reduction defects, lethal skeletal dysplasia, megacystis, multiple congenital anomalies. The primary outcome was the timing of diagnosis of each structural anomaly. Information on additional investigations, genetic testing and pregnancy outcome (live birth, TOPFA and foetal/neonatal death) was also collected.

Results

A total of 478 foetuses were included; 95.0% (n = 454) of anomalies were detected prenatally and 5.0% (n = 24) postpartum. Among the prenatally detected cases, 31% (n = 141) were diagnosed before 14 weeks of gestation, 65.6% (n = 298) between 14–22 weeks and 3.3% (n = 15) after 22 weeks. Prenatal genetic testing was performed in 80.4% (n = 365) of cases with prenatally diagnosed anomalies, and the results were abnormal in 26% (n = 95). Twenty‐one% (n = 102) of pregnancies resulted in live births and 62.8% (n = 300) in TOPFA. Spontaneous death occurred in 15.9% (n = 76) of cases: in‐utero (6.1%, n = 29), at delivery (7.7%, n = 37) or in neonatal life (2.1%, n = 10).

Conclusion

Major structural anomalies amenable to early diagnosis in the first trimester of pregnancy are mostly diagnosed during the second trimester in the absence of a regulated first‐trimester anatomical screening programme in the Netherlands and are associated with TOPFA and spontaneous death, especially in cases with underlying genetic anomalies.
Scrutinizing net zero: The legal problems of counting greenhouse gas emissions, removals and offsets together
Authors: Kaupa Clemens
Published: July 2022

Net‐zero targets play an important role in public and private climate governance. The concept of net zero implies that emissions can be outbalanced by compensatory activities such as greenhouse gas removals and offsetting. However, emissions and compensation measures are not equivalent in terms of their climate impact. The climate benefits of currently available compensation practices are more uncertain and less permanent than the harm caused by emissions. From a legal perspective, two problems can be observed. First, aggregating emissions and non‐equivalent compensation measures may violate the requirement that greenhouse gas inventories should be accurate. Second, it may conflict with the principle that only effective mitigation measures should count towards emission reduction targets.
Drug‐level change and optimal dose adjustment of tacrolimus with the use of rifabutin for treating mycobacterial disease in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Kim Ock‐Hwa , Shim Tae Sun , Jo Kyung‐Wook
Published: July 2022

Background

Little is known about the change in drug level and the need for dose adjustment of calcineurin inhibitor when it is used with rifabutin in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We aimed to analyze whether the drug level of tacrolimus significantly reduced after the use of rifabutin and to assess optimal adjustment of tacrolimus dose in SOT recipients.

Methods

Of the SOT recipients in a tertiary referral center in South Korea in 2000–2019, 50 patients who maintained an unchanged dose of tacrolimus after the use of rifabutin for treating mycobacterial disease were enrolled. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 53.9 ± 11.5 years. The most commonly transplanted organ was the liver (66.0%). The most common indication of rifabutin use was for treating active tuberculosis (78.0%). After rifabutin initiation, the trough level of tacrolimus decreased significantly to the subtherapeutic range in 38 (76.0%) patients. The drug levels of these 38 patients dropped from 7.2 to 3.8 ng/ml (p < .001) after rifabutin treatment. In these patients, the median 1.5‐fold increase in the tacrolimus dose was required to restore the drug level to the within‐therapeutic range.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that careful tacrolimus drug‐level monitoring and dose adjustment are necessary for most SOT recipients when rifabutin is administered for the treatment of mycobacterial disease.

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Incomplete histological margins following planned narrow excision of canine appendicular soft tissue sarcomas and mast cell tumors, using the residual tumor classification scheme
Authors: Haine David L. , Pittaway Rachel , Berlato Davide , Demetriou Jackie
Published: July 2022

Objective

To describe the frequency of incomplete histological margins following planned narrow excision (PNE) of mast cell tumors (MCTs) and soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), and to assess the residual tumor classification (R) scheme for reporting histological margins in clinical cases.

Study design

Retrospective clinical study.

Sample population

Forty‐four client‐owned dogs with 47 masses.

Methods

Medical records of dogs undergoing planned narrow excision of STSs and MCTs were reviewed (2016‐2019). Histologic specimens were reviewed by a single pathologist and assigned R scoring (histologically incomplete/R1 margins defined as “tumor on ink”).

Results

Six out of 23 (26%) MCT PNEs and 10/42 (42%) of STS PNEs resulted in R1 margins. R1 margins were more likely when performing PNE with 6‐10 mm lateral measured surgical margins (LMSMs) versus 0‐5 mm LMSM for MCTs (1/14 vs 5/9), but not STSs (3/7 vs 7/17) (P = .049).

The R scheme resulted in higher retrospective percentage agreement in histological reporting than defining incomplete histological margin as tumor cells within ≤1 mm of the margin (83% vs 68% agreement). Complications occurred in 12/47 surgeries, with none requiring additional surgery. Tumors recurred in 3/18 (17%) STSs and 2/18 (11%) MCTs.

Conclusion

Fewer R1 margins were obtained when PNE with LMSM of 6‐10 mm was performed for mast cell tumors. The use of the R scheme increased agreement in histopathological margin assessment.

Clinical significance

Planned narrow excision is a viable technique for histopathological diagnosis of appendicular soft tissue sarcomas and mast cell tumors for limb salvage.
Treatment and outcomes of five dogs with intrathoracic migration of porcupine quills
Authors: Walker Meagan Ann , Hoddinott Katie Leigh , Ogilvie Adam Timothy
Published: July 2022

Objective

To describe the perioperative findings and outcomes in dogs that underwent exploratory thoracotomy following porcupine quill migration and report (1) the use of traction alone for the removal of superficial quills in the pulmonary parenchyma, and (2) the use of exploratory pericardiotomy for the incidental identification of cardiac quills.

Animals

Five client‐owned dogs.

Study design

Short case series.

Methods

Medical records of dogs with pneumothorax or pericardial effusion secondary to porcupine quill migration from January 2019 to January 2022 were reviewed. Advanced imaging and a median sternotomy were performed in each dog. Demographics, preoperative findings, surgical treatment, and outcome were recorded.

Results

Pulmonary quills were treated with gentle traction or lung lobectomy. The intraoperative palpation or appearance of the pericardium prompted pericardiotomy in three dogs, exposing epicardial and intravascular quills. No evidence of these quills was detected on preoperative advanced imaging or on gross appearance of the pericardium. Quills were removed with a combination of gentle traction, purse‐string sutures, and mattress sutures. Pneumothorax and pericardial effusion resolved postoperatively in all dogs. All dogs survived to discharge.

Conclusion

Traction allowed removal of quills that were superficially attached to the pulmonary parenchyma without the need for subsequent lobectomy. Epicardial and myocardial quills were detected following pericardiotomy in three dogs despite the absence of quills grossly penetrating the pericardium. Preoperative imaging did not allow consistent detection of quills.
Improving Rural Water Supply in the United States
Authors: Silva Rodríguez de San Miguel Jorge Alejandro
Published: July 2022

Governments have been forced to formulate and implement demand-responsive approaches focused on curtailing the challenges faced by their denizens in terms of water access. This research evaluates the current stature of rural water supply in the United States putting emphasis on the most significant legal and institutional considerations that hinder water access. A PRISMA guideline was implemented in order conduct a systematic review from 1990 to 2019. Findings show that there is a need for the government to reorganize its existing structures and offer its municipalities the requisite flexibility required to meet their ameliorative mandates.
Aprendizajes de estudiantes del área de salud en tiempos de covid-19: una revisión integrativa
Authors: Valdez Fernandez Adriana Lucia , Anacona Añasco Ruth Valentina , Joaquí Hernández Lizbeth Camila , Magé Ordoñez Yineth Alejandra , Sierra Bernal Andres Felipe
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: caracterizar la producción científica relacionada con los aprendizajes de los estudiantes de salud en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19. Metodología: revisión integrativa por medio de la búsqueda y análisis de literatura en nueve bases de datos científicas de acceso libre. Se incluyeron cuarenta artículos de investigación teniendo en cuenta los Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCs) para su búsqueda, no se limitó el periodo de publicación al tratarse de un tema emergente. La investigación se realizó entre diciembre de 2020 y marzo de 2021. Resultados: se identifica la tendencia a estudiar el tema en el nivel de pregrado y específicamente, en la profesión de medicina. El abordaje metodológico con enfoque cuantitativo se presentó más en Asia. Las tendencias temáticas fueron: 1) percepción de los estudiantes en relación con el entorno de aprendizaje en línea y 2) factores para un entorno de aprendizaje. Conclusión: parece haber un acuerdo en la necesidad de un aprendizaje significativo en la educación virtual, sin embargo, todavía se discute cómo y para qué hacerlo.
Insulated Glass Unit in High-Glazed Office Buildings in Brazil: Comparative HVAC Consumption Analyses
Authors: Pinto Mônica Martins , Westphal Fernando Simon
Published: July 2022

The insulated glass unit (IGU) system is widely used in the Northern Hemisphere to improve the energy performance of buildings and the thermal comfort of their occupants. However, it has been introduced in the Brazilian market without a proper thermal assessment. Proper glass choice is essential to reduce energy consumption, as the most intense heat exchange occurs through the windows. This research aimed to investigate the influence of IGU use on conditioned office buildings’ energy performance for nine different climates in Brazil, including tropical (Aw, Af, and As) and temperate (Cfa and Cfb) climates. The energy consumption using air-filled IGU was compared to its non-insulated version through computer simulation in EnergyPlus. This sample demonstrated that IGU could generate annual savings in cooling consumption in tropical climates (up to 2.8%) when the outside temperature is constantly higher than the thermostat temperature. However, IGU models resulted in annual cooling consumption up to 9.3% higher in temperate climates by hindering the thermal load dissipation through the façade. The observed sample demonstrated that the IGU could inhibit the dissipation of the indoor thermal load through the façade, which increases energy consumption for cooling compared to models with the same glass but non-insulated. Either in the tropical or the temperate climates analyzed, the use of IGU seems not to be the ideal approach to improve the thermal performance and reduce the cooling energy consumption of highly glazed office buildings in Brazil.
Ratchetting and Creep Failure in Twin-Wall Turbine Blades Experiencing Severe Thermal and Centrifugal Loading
Authors: Skamniotis Christos , Cocks Alan C. F.
Published: July 2022

Twin-wall structures can be cooled both externally and internally, raising great potential for use in high-temperature applications. However, their increased geometric complexity imposes a range of potential failure mechanisms for consideration in design. The primary aim of this study is to identify the nature of such mechanisms by constructing Bree type interaction diagrams for idealized double-wall systems under cyclic thermomechanical loading that shows the combination of loading conditions for which cyclic plasticity (leading to fatigue failure)-creep ratchetting occur. Through an extension of the classical Bree analysis, we determine analytical boundaries between different regimes of behavior. We also quantify the effects of wall thickness ratio, temperature field, and yield and creep material properties. Local cyclic plasticity is shown to dominate over structural/global ratchetting when the yield strength reduces with temperature and/or when the temperature gradient through the hot wall thickness dominates over the temperature difference between the walls. Thus, we conclude that global ratchetting is unlikely to occur in the practical loading range of Nickel-based twin-wall turbine blades, but instead these systems suffer from local fatigue at cooling holes and excessive creep deformation. This is verified by 3D cyclic finite element (FE) simulations, demonstrating that the analytical approach provides a powerful, cost-effective strategy for providing physical insight into possible deformation mechanisms in a range of thin-walled components; highlighting the key trade-offs to be considered in design; and directing the use of computer methods toward more detailed calculations.
Pulsed Power Supply Superposed With Radio Frequency Oscillating Wave for the Improvement of Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining Process
Authors: Cao Peiyao , Tong Hao , Li Yong
Published: July 2022

During the micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) process, the dielectric property of narrow interelectrode gap is transiently changing. With the hysteretic servomotion of spindle, the effective discharge ratio (EDR) between electrodes is low. In this research, a pulsed power supply superposed with the radio frequency (RF) oscillating wave of controllable frequency and amplitude is proposed in order to induce interelectrode continuous discharge, so that, the machining efficiency and accuracy are improved simultaneously. The experimental results of microhole machining show that under the oscillating frequency of 160 MHz and amplitude of ±10 V, the machining efficiency is increased by 35%, the tool electrode wear rate (TWR) remains almost unchanged, and the taper error of microhole is reduced by 43%. Furthermore, the process of relatively enlarging discharge gap range and increasing number of discharges after superposition is discussed, and the proper superposed oscillating amplitude is identified.
A proposal for the acoustic characterization of circular bullrings
Authors: Martín-Castizo Manuel , Girón Sara , Galindo Miguel
Published: July 2022

The aim of this paper is to facilitate the experimental measurement of acoustic metrics in circular bullrings in accordance with the ISO 3382 standards and to enable the comparison of acoustic measurements and simulations for the various types of bullrings. The proposal analyzes those items in the standard that exert a certain influence on acoustic measurement in bullrings. Based on the identification of the sound sources and audience areas characteristic of bullfights, several locations are proposed, and the most suitable source-receiver combinations are recommended for the description of the acoustic field of bullfighting. Practical considerations are also made, such as typologies and axes, to be taken into account when referencing sources and receivers, as are the environmental conditions in a space strongly influenced by direct sunlight. As an illustration of the procedure, an experimental campaign in the bullring of Las Ventas in Madrid is carried out. The analysis shows that the proposed procedure is highly suitable for this type of building and provides detailed acoustic information regarding the seats for all the sound sources that participate in the spectacle.
Teaching Reflections and Insights From a 38-Year Sport Management Career
Authors: Weese W. James (Jim)
Published: July 2022

What makes an effective university instructor? Are there transferable practices and strategies that relate to success in the classroom? The recipient of the 2022 North American Society for Sport Management Distinguished Sport Management Educator Award reflects on his 38-year career and concludes that teaching has been his most rewarding activity. Like him, colleagues typically have little preparation for the role, so they often rely on exceptional role models and influential mentors. He reflects on the impact that significant role models and mentors had on his development and teaching practices. He shares insights, experiences, and teaching strategies that sport management colleagues may wish to adopt to heighten their efficacy and impact with their students.
Tracking the immune response by MRI using biodegradable and ultrasensitive microprobes
Authors: Martinez de Lizarrondo Sara , Jacqmarcq Charlene , Naveau Mikael , Navarro-Oviedo Manuel , Pedron Swannie , Adam Alexandre , Freis Barbara , Allouche Stephane , Goux Didier , Razafindrakoto Sarah , Gazeau Florence , Mertz Damien , Vivien Denis , Bonnard Thomas , Gauberti Maxime
Published: July 2022

Molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) holds great promise for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring in a wide range of diseases. However, the low intrinsic sensitivity of MRI to detect exogenous contrast agents and the lack of biodegradable microprobes have prevented its clinical development. Here, we synthetized a contrast agent for molecular MRI based on a previously unknown mechanism of self-assembly of catechol-coated magnetite nanocrystals into microsized matrix-based particles. The resulting biodegradable microprobes (M3P for microsized matrix-based magnetic particles) carry up to 40,000 times higher amounts of superparamagnetic material than classically used nanoparticles while preserving favorable biocompatibility and excellent water dispersibility. After conjugation to monoclonal antibodies, targeted M3P display high sensitivity and specificity to detect inflammation in vivo in the brain, kidneys, and intestinal mucosa. The high payload of superparamagnetic material, excellent toxicity profile, short circulation half-life, and widespread reactivity of the M3P particles provides a promising platform for clinical translation of immuno-MRI.
The two-domain elevator-type mechanism of zinc-transporting ZIP proteins
Authors: Wiuf Anders , Steffen Jonas Hyld , Becares Eva Ramos , Grønberg Christina , Mahato Dhani Ram , Rasmussen Søren G. F. , Andersson Magnus , Croll Tristan , Gotfryd Kamil , Gourdon Pontus
Published: July 2022

Zinc is essential for all organisms and yet detrimental at elevated levels. Hence, homeostasis of this metal is tightly regulated. The Zrt/Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) represent the only zinc importers in metazoans. Mutations in human ZIPs cause serious disorders, but the mechanism by which ZIPs transfer zinc remains elusive. Hitherto, structural information is only available for a model member, BbZIP, and as a single, ion-bound conformation, precluding mechanistic insights. Here, we elucidate an inward-open metal-free BbZIP structure, differing substantially in the relative positions of the two separate domains of ZIPs. With accompanying coevolutional analyses, mutagenesis, and uptake assays, the data point to an elevator-type transport mechanism, likely shared within the ZIP family, unifying earlier functional data. Moreover, the structure reveals a previously unknown ninth transmembrane segment that is important for activity in vivo. Our findings outline the mechanistic principles governing ZIP-protein transport and enhance the molecular understanding of ZIP-related disorders.
Mechanical gating of the auditory transduction channel TMC1 involves the fourth and sixth transmembrane helices
Authors: Akyuz Nurunisa , Karavitaki K. Domenica , Pan Bifeng , Tamvakologos Panos I. , Brock Kelly P. , Li Yaqiao , Marks Debora S. , Corey David P.
Published: July 2022

The transmembrane (TM) channel-like 1 (TMC1) and TMC2 proteins play a central role in auditory transduction, forming ion channels that convert sound into electrical signals. However, the molecular mechanism of their gating remains unknown. Here, using predicted structural models as a guide, we probed the effects of 12 mutations on the mechanical gating of the transduction currents in native hair cells of
Tmc1/2
-null mice expressing virally introduced TMC1 variants. Whole-cell electrophysiological recordings revealed that mutations within the pore-lining TM4 and TM6 helices modified gating, reducing the force sensitivity or shifting the open probability of the channels, or both. For some of the mutants, these changes were accompanied by a change in single-channel conductance. Our observations are in line with a model wherein conformational changes in the TM4 and TM6 helices are involved in the mechanical gating of the transduction channel.
A Retinol Derivative Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Interrupting Spike-Mediated Cellular Entry
Authors: Tong Liangqin , Wang Lin , Liao Shumin , Xiao Xiaoping , Qu Jing , Wu Chunli , Zhu Yibin , Tai Wanbo , Huang Yanhong , Wang Penghua , Li Liang , Zhang Renli , Xiang Ye , Cheng Gong
Published: July 2022

Retinoids, a group of compounds including vitamin A and its active metabolite all-
trans
retinoic acid (ATRA), regulate serial physiological activity in multiple organ systems, such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The ATRA analogues reported to date include more than 4,000 natural and synthetic molecules that are structurally and/or functionally related to ATRA.
Stimulation of Distinct Rhizosphere Bacteria Drives Phosphorus and Nitrogen Mineralization in Oilseed Rape under Field Conditions
Authors: Lidbury Ian D. E. A. , Raguideau Sebastien , Borsetto Chiara , Murphy Andrew R. J. , Bottrill Andrew , Liu Senlin , Stark Richard , Fraser Tandra , Goodall Andrew , Jones Alex , Bending Gary D. , Tibbet Mark , Hammond John P. , Quince Chris , Scanlan David J. , Pandhal Jagroop , Wellington Elizabeth M. H.
Published: July 2022

Plant-microbe interactions are critical to ecosystem function and crop production. While significant advances have been made toward understanding the structure of the plant microbiome, learning about its full functional role is still in its infancy.
Antimicrobial Peptide Combination Can Hinder Resistance Evolution
Authors: Maron Bar , Rolff Jens , Friedman Jonathan , Hayouka Zvi
Published: July 2022

The main insights gleaned from this study are the following. (i) AMP combination treatment can delay the evolution of resistance in
S. aureus
. Treatment with some AMP pairs resulted in significantly lower resistance then treatment with either of the individual AMPs.
Comparative efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant radiotherapy for patients with borderline resectable, and locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Lv Wanrui , Wang Qingfeng , Hu Qiancheng , Wang Xin , Cao Dan
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The optimal dose and treatment modality of neoadjuvant radiotherapy applied for treating borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been debated topics in oncology. The objective of the present network meta-analysis (NMA) is to study and compare the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant radiotherapy comprehensively using different doses in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) and locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).

Methods and analysis

Four electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library and Web of science, will be searched thoroughly to identify relevant studies published from 2006 to October 2020. Electronic searching by titles using neoadjuvant treatments for PDAC will be performed in the annual meetings of European Society of Medical Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology (2018–2020). ClinicalTrials.gov will also be searched for grey literature. Two reviewers will perform search strategies and extract data independently. R0 resection rate and local control rate are defined as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes include overall survival, disease-free survival and acute and late grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities. For randomised control trials, the risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, while the risk of bias for non-randomised, observational studies will be evaluated using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions. The quality of evidence will be evaluated using the version of Cochrane tool and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be conducted in the present NMA.

Ethics and dissemination

This study will synthesise the evidence regarding dose schedule of neoadjuvant radiotherapy in patients with BRPC and LAPC. We hope the findings from this NMA will help clinicians and patients select the optimal modality and dose schedule of neoadjuvant radiotherapy with respect to patient-reported outcomes. As no primary data collection will be undertaken, no ethics approval is required. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020222408.
A systematic review of impact of person-centred interventions for serious physical illness in terms of outcomes and costs
Authors: Nkhoma Kennedy Bashan , Cook Amelia , Giusti Alessandra , Farrant Lindsay , Petrus Ruwayda , Petersen I , Gwyther Liz , Venkatapuram Sridhar , Harding Richard
Published: July 2022

Background

Person-centred care (PCC) is being internationally recognised as a critical attribute of high-quality healthcare. The International Alliance of Patients Organisations defines PCC as care that is focused and organised around people, rather than disease. Focusing on delivery, we aimed to review and evaluate the evidence from interventions that aimed to deliver PCC for people with serious physical illness and identify models of PCC interventions.

Methods

Systematic review of literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, using the following key concepts: patient/person-centred care, family centred care, family based care, individualised care, holistic care, serious illness, chronic illness, long-term conditions from inception to April 2022. Due to heterogeneity of interventions and populations studied, narrative synthesis was conducted. Study quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs checklist.

Results

We screened n=6156 papers. Seventy-two papers (reporting n=55 different studies) were retained in the review. Most of these studies (n=47) were randomised controlled trials. Our search yielded two main types of interventions: (1) studies with self-management components and (2) technology-based interventions. We synthesised findings across these two models:

Self-management component: the interventions consisted of training of patients and/or caregivers or staff. Some studies reported that interventions had effect in reduction hospital admissions, improving quality of life and reducing costs of care.

Technology-based interventions: consisted of mobile phone, mobile app, tablet/computer and video. Although some interventions showed improvements for self-efficacy, hospitalisations and length of stay, quality of life did not improve across most studies.

Discussion

PCC interventions using self-management have some effects in reducing costs of care and improving quality of life. Technology-based interventions improves self-efficacy but has no effect on quality of life. However, very few studies used self-management and technology approaches. Further work is needed to identify how self-management and technology approaches can be used to manage serious illness.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018108302.