bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE HEALTH INSURANCE IN UKRAINE IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors:   Raiffeisen Bank JSC, Kochetkova Oleksandra , Kochetkov Volodymyr ,   National Aviation University
Published: April 2024

The article examines the evolution of the health insurance system in Ukraine, and also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of using corporate insurance to expand voluntary health insurance programs. It is noted that the Ukrainian health care system is at the stage of reform, and mandatory health insurance has not yet been implemented. The main participants of voluntary health insurance are corporate clients. The purpose of medical insurance is to provide guaranteed medical care in the event of an insured event at the expense of accumulated funds. In addition, the insurance system is aimed at financing preventive measures and improving the quality and expanding access to medical services. A significant outflow of labor from Ukraine and, as a result, increased competition for qualified personnel forces companies to use new strategies to ensure employee loyalty. This is especially relevant for those who have survived the crisis in recent years and intend to strengthen their positions in the market. The successful management experience of companies, their practices, including personnel management, serve as an example for other participants in Ukrainian business. The medical reform that began in the country is the subject of active discussions in social networks and mass media, it is difficult to assess its direct impact on market growth indicators. In our opinion, while waiting for the changes, employers are showing much more interest in paying for medical treatment for their employees, and more and more employees are getting an insurance policy from their employer. The purpose of medical insurance is to provide guaranteed medical care in the event of an insured event at the expense of accumulated funds. In addition, the insurance system is aimed at financing preventive measures and improving the quality and expanding access to medical services. In connection with the ambiguity of the legislation regarding the mandatory form of health insurance in Ukraine, within the framework of our study, we will focus on its voluntary form. Thus, voluntary medical insurance is a type of insurance designed to provide the policyholder with a guarantee of full or partial reimbursement by the insurer of additional costs associated with contacting a medical institution for a service provided in accordance with the voluntary medical insurance program. Demand for voluntary health insurance products in Ukraine is very low. Insureds are mainly corporate clients, namely employers who insure their employees. Thus, it is possible to consider corporate health insurance as a separate segment of health insurance, which is part of the system of ensuring the human right to health.
PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL MARKETING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT OF A SMALL BUSINESS DURING THE WAR
Authors:   Sumy National Agrarian University, Shumkova Viktoriia , Babenko Olga ,   Separate Structural Subdivision "Sumy Professional College of Sumy National Agrarian University
Published: April 2024

In the article the authors outlined the principles of information management in social marketing for small businesses during wartime, emphasizing the necessity of adapting marketing strategies and marketing information system to maintain customer trust and loyalty amidst market instability and resource limitations. The purpose of the article is to develop and systematize a set of information management principles that optimize social marketing strategies for small businesses in wartime conditions. The article provided statistical data on the functioning of entrepreneurs during the martial law in Ukraine. The authors proposed a systematic approach to integrate social and ethical principles into marketing activities, highlighting the role of marketing information systems in collecting and analyzing data to make informed decisions. The article extended to the challenges small businesses face during the wartime, such as decreased demand, supply chain disruptions, and financial losses, and suggests leveraging social marketing tools for visibility of the activities of the entrepreneurs and community engagement. The importance of sensitive, accurate information dissemination during conflict times is underscored, along with strategies for supporting affected communities, ensuring service accessibility, and promoting humanitarian initiatives. In the article the authors argued for the effectiveness of social marketing in addressing societal issues, enhancing reputation, and fostering sustainable development, concluding that strategic information management is crucial for small businesses' resilience and growth during crises. In total, the article further emphasized the role of social marketing as a bridge between small businesses and their communities, promoting not only economic activities but also societal well-being and cohesion. By aligning business operations with social goals, entrepreneurs can contribute to peace building efforts and create a positive social impact, underscoring the integral connection between business resilience, social responsibility, and community support in times of conflict.
PREREQUISITES AND KEY MEASURES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INNOVATIONS IN CHINA
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine ", Kopishynska Kateryna ,   Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Trofymenko Olena ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ting Shen ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the study of prerequisites, directions and measures to ensure China's energy transition. The purpose of the article is to study China's experience in ensuring the energy transition and identify key directions and policy initiatives for the implementation and development of sustainable energy innovations. It has been established that China is the world's largest energy consumer and in recent years has been characterized by continuous economic growth and acceleration of industrialization, development of the energy industry. The energy structure was analyzed and the dominance of coal production and consumption was determined – the first place in the world. The activity of green energy development has been revealed, but the share of clean energy sources in total energy consumption is still low. It was determined that the implementation of the principle of sustainable development and energy innovation is a priority for the further development of the Chinese economy. The key directions for ensuring the energy transition have been identified: diversified energy supply; green and low-carbon development; technological transformation and development. The dynamics of China's energy imports from 2013 to 2022 are analyzed. It was established that China ranked 17th in the Energy Transition Index in 2023, and for the first time entered the TOP-20 countries according to this ranking, which indicates the growing potential of China's energy transition. It analyzed the reasons for reducing energy consumption by 10,000 yuan of GDP from 2013 to 2022. In particular, it is notable that individual companies have reduced energy consumption and environmental pollution, promoting energy conservation, emission reduction and circular economy. It found that, along with the problem of high industrial emissions, China has become a leader in the adoption of clean energy technologies with investments in clean energy technologies exceeding US$650 billion per year. Key political initiatives contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and the introduction of energy innovations are analyzed.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF AGRIBUSINESS AND ESG PRACTICES AS WAYS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Authors:   Odesa State Agrarian University, Kryukova Iryna , Lagodiyenko Oleg ,   Odesa National University of Technology
Published: April 2024

The need to solve the problems of sustainable development and gain strategic competitive advantages has led to the active dissemination of socially responsible business initiatives. This is also highly relevant for the agri-food sector, the role of which is vital for the global tasks of sustainability and the national economy of Ukraine. The article examines the main essential features of social responsibility of business and modern ESG practice in the example of the agricultural sector. Studies have shown that corporate social responsibility (CSR and ESG) is an example of a modern sustainable management business model with standard features. Both models aim to raise the level of corporate culture and achieve sustainable development goals. At the same time, the key feature of corporate social responsibility is its qualitative dimension, while the characteristic feature of ESG is qualitative assessment. ESG management practice is one of the priorities for Ukraine's agricultural business. It creates opportunities to achieve competitive advantages in attracting additional financial flows necessary for the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. The strategic bonuses formed for agricultural companies by using the principles of CSR and ESG in practice are defined. Among the main ones are: building up the image capital of agricultural companies; increasing market share; rapid and effective response to climate change risks and other environmental and social business risks; improving the understanding of future business development opportunities and finding effective mechanisms for their use; increasing the level of investment attractiveness of business. The key indicators for assessing the ESG rating in the context of three factors are studied: economic, social, and managerial. The current trends and social responsibility problems of Ukraine's agrarian business are analyzed. It is determined that voluntary, socially responsible initiatives take place mainly in large-scale agricultural companies. The potential possibilities of the influence of ESG practice on the financial results of agrarian formations are determined. The main promising directions and tools of CSR and ESG in the activities of business entities in the agricultural sector are outlined.
Создание рекомендательной системы в электронном каталоге как инструмент продвижения библиотечного фонда и совершенствования библиотечного сервиса
Authors:   Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, Zaitseva Ekaterina , Smirnov Yuri ,   Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматривается суть рекомендательных систем и их практическое использование в интернет-сервисах. В электронных каталогах библиотек рекомендательные системы практически не применяются. Единственным примером действующей системы рекомендаций в крупнейших библиотеках России является электронный каталог Библиотеки Российской академии наук. Выявлены достоинства (вывод схожих по содержанию документов) и недостатки (закрытие основного поиска и обширность предлагаемого списка документов) указанной системы рекомендаций. В статье рассмотрены две основные стратегии, используемые при создании рекомендательных систем: фильтрация, основанная на контенте, и коллаборативная фильтрация. Представлена система рекомендаций на примере книжного интернет-магазина litres.ru и выявлены основные особенности построения пользовательского интерфейса рекомендательной системы – наличие отдельного раздела и активное использование результатов исследований в области психологии пользователя. Предложено использовать в качестве основы библиотечной рекомендательной системы классификационные информационно-поисковые языки: Библиотечно-библиографическую классификацию (ББК), Универсальную десятичную классификацию (УДК), Государственный рубрикатор научно-технической информации (ГРНТИ), которые можно задействовать для тематической фильтрации документов. Представлен список основных предложений по формированию контентной системы рекомендаций для электронных каталогов библиотек. Публикация подготовлена в рамках Государственного задания ГПНТБ России на 2023 г. по выполнению работы № 720000Ф.99.1.БН60АА03000 по теме № 1021062311369-1-1.2.1;5.8.2;5.8.3
FEATURES OF VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) IN THE TOURISM FIELD
Authors: Filippova O. Yu. , Klievtsov Ye. H.
Published: April 2024

Objective. The objective of the present article is to review the current state of virtual reality in the tourism sphere, analyze virtual reality in the tourism sphere, and determine the features of virtual tourism.

Methods. The following methods were used for the peculiarities of the use of virtual reality in the tourism sphere: the method of analysis and synthesis (for the analysis and evaluation of virtual reality in the tourism sphere), the method of systematization and generalization (to determine the key features of virtual reality in the tourism sphere), the abstract-logical method ( to form conclusions)

Results. The article examines the current state of virtual reality in the field of tourism, analyzes virtual reality in the field of tourism, and defines the features of virtual tourism with the help of the main provisions on virtual tourism and with the help of the main advantages of virtual reality in tourism.

The results of the article are that virtual tourism and virtual visits to museums give the impression of the absence of physical limitations, while they are embodied in a new form - corporeality in virtual space. Virtual tourism is a form of travel that people make with the help of high technologies, visiting different countries, attractions or fictional worlds, but not in physical, but in virtual space. Despite numerous advantages, such as cost savings, no visa restrictions and effective time management, virtual tourism has its own limitations that limit its possibilities.

The main goals of virtual tourism were highlighted - information and familiarization; educational and cultural and educational purposes; social and psychological rehabilitation.

Features of virtual tourism were also highlighted: environmental friendliness; innovative technologies; accessibility; economy; globality; cartoon; remoteness and interactivity.

With the use of virtual reality technologies, people can feel closer to distant places and cultures, enriching their worldview and contributing to the development of the tourism industry as a whole.
Foraging niche, sex-specific resource partitioning, and mercury concentrations of male Steller sea lions in Alaska
Authors: Bishop AM , Barst BD , Rea LD
Published: April 2024

With their large size, the foraging behaviors of adult male Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus may have significant impacts on marine food webs and ecosystems. Limited studies from scat suggest that male and female Steller sea lions exhibit some dietary differences, and bycatch rates tend to be higher for males; however, most foraging ecology data are from adult females. Here we aimed to (1) characterize the isotopic foraging niches of adult male Steller sea lions in the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea (n = 18), (2) assess sex-specific resource partitioning between male and female Steller sea lions (n = 18) in this region, and (3) identify male foraging strategies associated with greater total mercury concentrations ([THg]), a contaminant of concern in the region. Vibrissae collected from males bycaught in commercial fisheries from 1998-2017 were sectioned, and sequential segments were analyzed for bulk stable isotope ratios (δ15N and δ13C values) and [THg]. Individuals exhibited temporal oscillations in both δ15N and δ13C values that reflect significant summer to winter variation in foraging. Male Steller sea lions had larger isotopic niches than females, and limited overlap of isotopic niches suggests a moderate degree of sex-specific resource partitioning in this system. [THg] were positively associated with δ15N, and individuals exhibited evidence of bioaccumulation with age. These findings represent contemporary isotopic values and the first reported Hg levels for non-pup male Steller sea lions in a region where the population is considered endangered. Together, they provide a reference for assessing shifts in foraging patterns relative to future environmental fluctuations.
Divinum Karola Ota Mollera vo svetle myšlienkového sveta 17. storočia
Authors:   Comenius University Bratislava, Šibal Marek
Published: April 2024

Karol Oto Moller predstavuje jednu z najvýznamnejších postáv dejín farmácie a medicíny na území dnešného Slovenska. Za jeho najväčší prínos je všeobecne považované vybudovanie lekárskej a lekárnickej školy v Banskej Bystrici pod názvom Academia Molleriana. Jeho dizertačná práca s názvom De divino in medicina, v ktorej skúma aspekt Božieho pôsobenia v lekárstve, sa nesie v duchu jednoty vedeckého a náboženského myslenia, vo veľkej miere motivovaného Mollerovou príslušnosťou k pietistickému hnutiu, ktoré presadzovalo myšlienku, že nadobúdanie poznania má byť neodlučiteľne späté s budovaním a upevňovaním viery. Zároveň nadväzoval Moller na antickú grécku lekársku spisbu, najmä na texty tzv. Corpus Hippocraticum. Moller v tomto traktáte vychádza i z prác mnohých súdobých akademikov, ktoré taktiež čiastočne dopĺňajú obraz o jeho vedeckých východiskách. Figurujú medzi nimi diela významných európskych učencov, okrem iného z Nemecka, Francúzska i Anglicka, ako sú napr. karteziáni Nicolas Malebranche či Géraud de Cordemoy, ako aj priekopníkov tzv. chemickej medicíny, iatrochemikov, ktorí nadväzovali na stredovekú alchymistickú tradíciu, ako napr. Jean Baptiste van Helmont, či neskorší zakladateľ modernej chémie Robert Boyle.
Medical Dissertation Theses at Charles University in the Early Modern Period
Authors:   Charles University, Honč Petr
Published: April 2024

The research focused on the study of university dissertations and disputations in the early modern period has been flourishing in European historiography in recent years, supported by the digitisation and better accessibility of old prints. Dissertations and unique documents of contemporary scholarship and their topics reflect well the specifics of the period and also testify to the level of scholarly work at the faculty. The paper seeks to provide a basic mapping of the issue of medical dissertations of Charles University in the 17th and 18th centuries, which has not received much attention so far. It also focuses on the points of contact with the humanities, which cannot be strictly separated from the natural sciences in the early modern period. Indeed, by the standards of the time, general comprehensive education also played an important role in therapy. In most dissertations, therefore, we can find a number of characteristics reflecting the humanities education of their authors, such as an interest in history, philology, etymology and other disciplines. Very often, we can observe these elements, especially in peritexts (corollaries, erotemata or various celebratory poems). Another common feature is Latin as a basic means of professional communication and its strong relationship with medicine, which has survived the advent of modern languages in science. The authorship of dissertations, which can be viewed from several points, is also discussed. The author concludes with a discussion of desiderata and other avenues of research on the topic.
Effects of Glyprolins on Lipid and Protein Peroxidation in the Hypothalamic Region in Experimental Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Sergalieva M. U. , Tsibizova A. A. , Samotrueva M. A.
Published: April 2024

We investigate effects of glyproline-type neuropeptides on lipid and protein peroxidation in the hypothalamic brain region of rats under the conditions of experimental hyperthyroidism. The state of hyperthyroidism in animals was simulated by intragastric administration of sodium pentahydrate of L-thyroxine at a dose of 150 µg/kg for 21 days. The following experimental groups (n=10) were formed: 1) control group — intact animals (control); 2) animals treated with L-thyroxine sodium salt pentahydrate (hyperthyroidism); 3) animals treated with Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (celank); 4) animals treated with Pro-GlyPro (doses of 87 and 33 µg/kg/day, respectively) intraperitoneally daily during 21 days starting one day after the last administration of sodium pentahydrate of L-thyroxine. The level of lipid peroxidation processes was assessed by the initial level of TBA-reactive products, spontaneous and ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation rates in hypothalamic tissue homogenate. Protein peroxidation products were determined by the reaction between oxidized amino acid residues of proteins and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone. The enzymatic part of the antioxidant system of hypothalamic region was estimated by measuring the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. In the setting of Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro and Pro-Gly-Pro administration under experimental hyperthyroidism, the intensity of lipid and protein peroxidation processes was decreased, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase and catalase was restored in the hypothalamic tissue. The experimental data obtained indicate that, under the conditions of experimental hyperthyroidism, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro and Pro-Gly-Pro compounds exhibit an antioxidant and antiradical activity with respect to parameters of lipoperoxidation and oxidative modification of proteins, as well as with respect to enzymatic defense systems in the hypothalamic brain region of laboratory animals.
Effective synthesis of circRNA via a thermostable T7 RNA polymerase variant as the catalyst
Authors: He Wei , Zhang Xinya , Zou Yangxiaoyu , Li Ji , Chang Le , He Yu-Cai , Jin Qiuheng , Ye Jianren
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with transcriptional lengths ranging from hundreds to thousands. circRNAs have attracted attention owing to their stable structure and ability to treat complicated diseases. Our objective was to create a one-step reaction for circRNA synthesis using wild-type T7 RNA polymerase as the catalyst. However, T7 RNA polymerase is thermally unstable, and we streamlined circRNA synthesis via consensus and folding free energy calculations for hotspot selection. Because of the thermal instability, the permuted intron and exon (PIE) method for circRNA synthesis is conducted via tandem catalysis with a transcription reaction at a low temperature and linear RNA precursor cyclization at a high temperature.

Methods:

To streamline the process, a multisite mutant T7 RNA polymerase (S430P, N433T, S633P, F849I, F880Y, and G788A) with significantly improved thermostability was constructed, and G788A was used.

Results:

The resulting mutant exhibited stable activity at 45°C for over an hour, enabling the implementation of a one-pot transcription and cyclization reaction. The simplified circRNA production process demonstrated an efficiency comparable to that of the conventional two-step reaction, with a cyclization rate exceeding 95% and reduced production of immunostimulatory dsRNA byproducts.
Therapeutic roles of platelet-rich plasma to restore female reproductive and endocrine dysfunction
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Li Jin , Lu Weiwei , Gao Fangbo , Zhang Songling , Li Jiajia
Published: April 2024

Millions of women worldwide are infertile due to gynecological disorders, including premature ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, Asherman syndrome, endometrial atrophy, and fallopian tube obstruction. These conditions frequently lead to infertility and have a substantial impact on the quality of life of the affected couples, primarily because of their psychological implications and high financial costs. Recently, using platelets to stimulate cell proliferation and tissue differentiation has emerged as a promising approach in regenerative medicine. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) shows considerable potential for promoting endometrial hypertrophy and follicle development, making it a promising therapeutic option for tissue repair or replacement. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements and underlying mechanisms of PRP therapy for various female reproductive diseases and presents new therapeutic options for addressing female infertility.
Plasma GFAP, NfL and pTau 181 detect preclinical stages of dementia
Authors: Ingannato Assunta , Bagnoli Silvia , Mazzeo Salvatore , Giacomucci Giulia , Bessi Valentina , Ferrari Camilla , Sorbi Sandro , Nacmias Benedetta
Published: April 2024

Background

Plasma biomarkers are preferable to invasive and expensive diagnostic tools, such as neuroimaging and lumbar puncture that are gold standard in the clinical management of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Here, we investigated plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) and Phosphorylated-tau-181 (pTau 181) in AD and in its early stages: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and Mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Material and methods

This study included 152 patients (42 SCD, 74 MCI and 36 AD). All patients underwent comprehensive clinical and neurological assessment. Blood samples were collected for Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping and plasma biomarker (GFAP, NfL, and pTau 181) measurements. Forty-three patients (7 SCD, 27 MCI, and 9 AD) underwent a follow-up (FU) visit after 2 years, and a second plasma sample was collected. Plasma biomarker levels were detected using the Simoa SR-X technology (Quanterix Corp.). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 28 (IBM SPSS Statistics). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

GFAP, NfL and pTau 181 levels in plasma were lower in SCD and MCI than in AD patients. In particular, plasma GFAP levels were statistically significant different between SCD and AD (p=0.003), and between MCI and AD (p=0.032). Plasma NfL was different in SCD vs MCI (p=0.026), SCD vs AD (p<0.001), SCD vs AD FU (p<0.001), SCD FU vs AD (p=0.033), SCD FU vs AD FU (p=0.011), MCI vs AD (p=0.002), MCI FU vs AD (p=0.003), MCI FU vs AD FU (p=0.003) and MCI vs AD FU (p=0.003). Plasma pTau 181 concentration was significantly different between SCD and AD (p=0.001), MCI and AD (p=0.026), MCI FU and AD (p=0.020). In APOE ϵ4 carriers, a statistically significant increase in plasma NfL (p<0.001) and pTau 181 levels was found (p=0.014). Moreover, an association emerged between age at disease onset and plasma GFAP (p = 0.021) and pTau181 (p < 0.001) levels.

Discussion and conclusions

Plasma GFAP, NfL and pTau 181 are promising biomarkers in the diagnosis of the prodromic stages and prognosis of dementia.
Photo-thermal catalysis for sustainable energy production and environmental treatment
Authors: Darko Daniel Amoako , Sahu Sangeeta , Rathore Jyoti , Kaur Lakhvinder , Jain Bhawana , Kanungo Shweta , Rawat Reena
Published: April 2024

Photo-thermal-catalysts (PTC) exceptional features and ability to concurrently solve sustainable energy requirements and environmental problems have drawn scientific interest. The photo-thermal effect is the process by which photo-thermal conversion materials transform radiant energy from light into thermal energy. The photo-thermal therapy of energy and environmental treatment faces the urgent task of developing effective photo-thermal agents to address complicated problem demands. In this study, we take a look at the fundamental principles and underlying process of photo-thermal material catalysis. In addition, this review provides a concise summary of the most up-to-date findings concerning photo-thermal catalysis materials, which have been aggressively researched for a wide-spread sustainable energy and environment treatment uses. In order to motivate the creation of a high-efficiency photo-thermal catalytic pathway, the criteria and techniques for designing photo-thermal catalysts are presented. This will make it possible for a better absorption of the whole spectrum of solar energy as well as a greater conversion of solar energy to heat. Theoretical direction is offered for the continued development of this technology, and the promise of the practical use of photo-thermal catalysis for different solar-driven interfacial photo-thermal conversion technologies is anticipated. This paper offers a unique perspective on photo-thermal catalysis focussing on the synergistic effects and suggesting a potential route for future applications.
ACP-DRL: an anticancer peptides recognition method based on deep representation learning
Authors: Xu Xiaofang , Li Chaoran , Yuan Xinpu , Zhang Qiangjian , Liu Yi , Zhu Yunping , Chen Tao
Published: April 2024

Cancer, a significant global public health issue, resulted in about 10 million deaths in 2022. Anticancer peptides (ACPs), as a category of bioactive peptides, have emerged as a focal point in clinical cancer research due to their potential to inhibit tumor cell proliferation with minimal side effects. However, the recognition of ACPs through wet-lab experiments still faces challenges of low efficiency and high cost. Our work proposes a recognition method for ACPs named ACP-DRL based on deep representation learning, to address the challenges associated with the recognition of ACPs in wet-lab experiments. ACP-DRL marks initial exploration of integrating protein language models into ACPs recognition, employing in-domain further pre-training to enhance the development of deep representation learning. Simultaneously, it employs bidirectional long short-term memory networks to extract amino acid features from sequences. Consequently, ACP-DRL eliminates constraints on sequence length and the dependence on manual features, showcasing remarkable competitiveness in comparison with existing methods.
Upscaling marine forest restoration: challenges, solutions and recommendations from the Green Gravel Action Group
Authors: Wood Georgina Valentine , Filbee-Dexter Karen , Coleman Melinda Ann , Valckenaere Jurgen , Aguirre J. David , Bentley Paige M. , Carnell Paul , Dawkins Phoebe Damayanthi , Dykman Lauren N. , Earp Hannah S. , Ennis Leeann B. , Francis Prue , Franco João N. , Hayford Hilary , Lamb Joleah B. , Ling Scott Douglas , Layton Cayne , Lis Ella , Masters Beau , Miller Nicole , Moore Pippa Jane , Neufeld Chris , Pocklington Jacqueline B. , Smale Dan , Stahl Florian , Starko Samuel , Steel S. Clay , Verbeek Jan , Vergés Adriana , Wilding Catherine M. , Wernberg Thomas
Published: April 2024

Introduction

To counteract the rapid loss of marine forests globally and meet international commitments of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and the Convention on Biological Diversity ‘30 by 30’ targets, there is an urgent need to enhance our capacity for macroalgal restoration. The Green Gravel Action Group (GGAG) is a global network of 67 members that are working on the restoration of a diverse range of macroalgal forests and it aims to facilitate knowledge exchange to fast-track innovation and implementation of outplanting approaches worldwide.

Methods

Here, we overview 25 projects conducted by members of the group that are focused on testing and developing techniques for macroalgal restoration. Based on these projects, we summarise the major challenges associated with scaling up the area of marine forests restored.

Results

We identify several critical challenges that currently impede more widespread rollout of effective large-scale macroalgal restoration worldwide: 1) funding and capacity limitations, 2) difficulties arising from conditions at restoration sites, 3) technical barriers, and 4) challenges at the restoration-policy interface.

Discussion

Despite these challenges, there has been substantial progress, with an increasing number of efforts, community engagement and momentum towards scaling up activities in recent years. Drawing on the collective expertise of the GGAG, we outline key recommendations for the scaling up of restoration efforts to match the goals of international commitments. These include the establishment of novel pathways to fund macroalgal restoration activities, building skills and capacity, harnessing emerging innovations in mobile hatchery and seeding technologies, and the development of the scientific and governance frameworks necessary to implement and monitor macroalgal restoration projects at scale.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COPD-like phenotypes
Authors: Fortis Spyridon , Georgopoulos Dimitris , Tzanakis Nikolaos , Sciurba Frank , Zabner Joseph , Comellas Alejandro P.
Published: April 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease. Historically, two COPD phenotypes have been described: chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Although these phenotypes may provide additional characterization of the pathophysiology of the disease, they are not extensive enough to reflect the heterogeneity of COPD and do not provide granular categorization that indicates specific treatment, perhaps with the exception of adding inhaled glucocorticoids (ICS) in patients with chronic bronchitis. In this review, we describe COPD phenotypes that provide prognostication and/or indicate specific treatment. We also describe COPD-like phenotypes that do not necessarily meet the current diagnostic criteria for COPD but provide additional prognostication and may be the targets for future clinical trials.
Characterization of winged helix domain fusion endonucleases as N6-methyladenine-dependent type IV restriction systems
Authors: Helbrecht Igor , Heiter Daniel , Yang Weiwei , Vincze Tamas , Hanneman Andrew , Lutz Thomas , Ettwiller Laurence , Bochtler Matthias , Xu Shuang-yong
Published: April 2024

Winged helix (wH) domains, also termed winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) domains, are widespread in all kingdoms of life and have diverse roles. In the context of DNA binding and DNA modification sensing, some eukaryotic wH domains are known as sensors of non-methylated CpG. In contrast, the prokaryotic wH domains in DpnI and HhiV4I act as sensors of adenine methylation in the 6mApT (N6-methyladenine, 6mA, or N6mA) context. DNA-binding modes and interactions with the probed dinucleotide are vastly different in the two cases. Here, we show that the role of the wH domain as a sensor of adenine methylation is widespread in prokaryotes. We present previously uncharacterized examples of PD-(D/E)XK—wH (FcyTI, Psp4BI), PUA—wH—HNH (HtuIII), wH—GIY-YIG (Ahi29725I, Apa233I), and PLD—wH (Aba4572I, CbaI) fusion endonucleases that sense adenine methylation in the Dam+ Gm6ATC sequence contexts. Representatives of the wH domain endonuclease fusion families with the exception of the PLD—wH family could be purified, and an in vitro preference for adenine methylation in the Dam context could be demonstrated. Like most other modification-dependent restriction endonucleases (MDREs, also called type IV restriction systems), the new fusion endonucleases except those in the PD-(D/E)XK—wH family cleave close to but outside the recognition sequence. Taken together, our data illustrate the widespread combinatorial use of prokaryotic wH domains as adenine methylation readers. Other potential 6mA sensors in modified DNA are also discussed.
Investigating eukaryotic and prokaryotic diversity and functional potential in the cold and alkaline ikaite columns in Greenland
Authors: Thøgersen Mariane Schmidt , Zervas Athanasios , Stougaard Peter , Ellegaard-Jensen Lea
Published: April 2024

The ikaite columns in the Ikka Fjord, SW Greenland, represent a permanently cold and alkaline environment known to contain a rich bacterial diversity. 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic sequencing was used to investigate the microbial diversity in the columns and for the first time, the eukaryotic and archaeal diversity in ikaite columns were analyzed. The results showed a rich prokaryotic diversity that varied across columns as well as within each column. Seven different archaeal phyla were documented in multiple locations inside the columns. The columns also contained a rich eukaryotic diversity with 27 phyla representing microalgae, protists, fungi, and small animals. Based on metagenomic sequencing, 25 high-quality MAGs were assembled and analyzed for the presence of genes involved in cycling of nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous as well as genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), showing a potentially very bioactive microbial community.
Next-generation sequencing survey of acute febrile illness in Senegal (2020–2022)
Authors: Orf Gregory S. , Ahouidi Ambroise D. , Mata Maximillian , Diedhiou Cyrille , Mboup Aminata , Padane Abdou , Manga Noel Magloire , Dela-del Lawson Agbogbenkou Tevi , Averhoff Francisco , Berg Michael G. , Cloherty Gavin A. , Mboup Souleymane
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Acute febrile illnesses (AFI) in developing tropical and sub-tropical nations are challenging to diagnose due to the numerous causes and non-specific symptoms. The proliferation of rapid diagnostic testing and successful control campaigns against malaria have revealed that non-Plasmodium pathogens still contribute significantly to AFI burden. Thus, a more complete understanding of local trends and potential causes is important for selecting the correct treatment course, which in turn will reduce morbidity and mortality. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in a laboratory setting can be used to identify known and novel pathogens in individuals with AFI.

Methods

In this study, plasma was collected from 228 febrile patients tested negative for malaria at clinics across Senegal from 2020–2022. Total nucleic acids were extracted and converted to metagenomic NGS libraries. To identify viral pathogens, especially those present at low concentration, an aliquot of each library was processed with a viral enrichment panel and sequenced. Corresponding metagenomic libraries were also sequenced to identify non-viral pathogens.

Results and Discussion

Sequencing reads for pathogens with a possible link to febrile illness were identified in 51/228 specimens, including (but not limited to): Borrelia crocidurae (N = 7), West Nile virus (N = 3), Rickettsia felis (N = 2), Bartonella quintana (N = 1), human herpesvirus 8 (N = 1), and Saffold virus (N = 1). Reads corresponding to Plasmodium falciparum were detected in 19 specimens, though their presence in the cohort was likely due to user error of rapid diagnostic testing or incorrect specimen segregation at the clinics. Mosquito-borne pathogens were typically detected just after the conclusion of the rainy season, while tick-borne pathogens were mostly detected before the rainy season. The three West Nile virus strains were phylogenetically characterized and shown to be related to both European and North American clades. Surveys such as this will increase the understanding of the potential causes of non-malarial AFI, which may help inform diagnostic and treatment options for clinicians who provide care to patients in Senegal.
Effects of recent cannabis consumption on eye-tracking and pupillometry
Authors: Haider Mohammad N. , Regan Daniel , Hoque Mahamudul , Ali Fahed , Ilowitz Andrew
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Cannabis consumption is known to immediately affect ocular and oculomotor function, however, cannabis consumption is also known to affect it for a prolonged period of time. The purpose of this study is to identify an eye tracking or pupillometry metric which is affected after recent cannabis consumption but is not confounded by cannabis consumption history or demographic variables.

Methods

Quasi-experimental design. Participants who would consume inhalable cannabis (n = 159, mean age 31.0 years, 54% male) performed baseline neurobehavioral testing and eye-function assessments when they were sober. Eye function assessments included eye-tracking [gaze (point of visual focus), saccades (smooth movement)] and pupillometry. Participants then inhaled cannabis until they self-reported to be high and performed the same assessment again. Controls who were cannabis naïve or infrequent users (n = 30, mean age 32.6 years, 57% male) performed the same assessments without consuming cannabis in between.

Results

Cannabis significantly affected several metrics of pupil dynamics and gaze. Pupil size variability was the most discriminant variable after cannabis consumption. This variable did not change in controls on repeat assessment (i.e., no learning effect), did not correlate with age, gender, race/ethnicity, or self-reported level of euphoria, but did correlate with THC concentration of cannabis inhaled.

Discussion

A novel eye-tracking metric was identified that is affected by recent cannabis consumption and is not different from non-users at baseline. A future study that assesses pupil size variability at multiple intervals over several hours and quantifies cannabis metabolites in biofluids should be performed to identify when this variable normalizes after consumption and if it correlates with blood THC levels.
Electron FLASH radiotherapy in vivo studies. A systematic review
Authors: Giannini Noemi , Gadducci Giovanni , Fuentes Taiusha , Gonnelli Alessandra , Di Martino Fabio , Puccini Paola , Naso Monica , Pasqualetti Francesco , Capaccioli Simone , Paiar Fabiola
Published: April 2024

FLASH-radiotherapy delivers a radiation beam a thousand times faster compared to conventional radiotherapy, reducing radiation damage in healthy tissues with an equivalent tumor response. Although not completely understood, this radiobiological phenomenon has been proved in several animal models with a spectrum of all kinds of particles currently used in contemporary radiotherapy, especially electrons. However, all the research teams have performed FLASH preclinical studies using industrial linear accelerator or LINAC commonly employed in conventional radiotherapy and modified for the delivery of ultra-high-dose-rate (UHDRs). Unfortunately, the delivering and measuring of UHDR beams have been proved not to be completely reliable with such devices. Concerns arise regarding the accuracy of beam monitoring and dosimetry systems. Additionally, this LINAC totally lacks an integrated and dedicated Treatment Planning System (TPS) able to evaluate the internal dose distribution in the case of in vivo experiments. Finally, these devices cannot modify dose-time parameters of the beam relevant to the flash effect, such as average dose rate; dose per pulse; and instantaneous dose rate. This aspect also precludes the exploration of the quantitative relationship with biological phenomena. The dependence on these parameters need to be further investigated. A promising advancement is represented by a new generation of electron LINAC that has successfully overcome some of these technological challenges. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature on in vivo experiments using electron FLASH radiotherapy and explore the promising clinical perspectives associated with this technology.
Optimal homeostatic stress to maximize the homogeneity of adaptations to interval interventions in soccer players
Authors: Sheykhlouvand Mohsen , Gharaat Mohammadali
Published: April 2024

This study examined the uniformity of adaptations in cardiorespiratory fitness and bio-motor abilities by analyzing individual responses to measures representing the mentioned qualities. Twenty-four male well-trained soccer players (Age = 26 ± 4 years; stature = 181 ± 3.8; Weight = 84 ± 6.1) were randomized to two groups performing short sprint interval training [sSIT (3 sets of 10 × 4 s all-out sprints with 20 s of recovery between efforts and 3 min of rest intervals between sets)] or a time-matched small-sided game [SSG (3 sets of 3 v 3 efforts in a 20 × 15 m area with 3 min of relief in-between)]. Before and after the 6-week training period, aerobic fitness indices, cardiac hemodynamics, and anaerobic power were assessed through a graded exercise test utilizing a gas collection system, noninvasive impedance cardiography, and a lower-body Wingate test, respectively. Also, sport-specific bio-motor abilities were determined by measuring linear speed, change of direction, and jumping ability. Comparing inter-individual variability in the adaptive changes by analyzing residuals in individual adaptations indicated that sSIT induces more uniform changes in the first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1 & VT2), stroke volume, and peak power output across team members than SSG. SSG also yielded lower proportions of responders in V˙O2⁡max, VT1, VT2, peak, and average power output compared to sSIT. Additionally, the coefficient of variation in mean group changes in measures of aerobic fitness and bio-motor abilities in response to sSIT were lower than in SSG. Short sprint interval training induces more homogenized adaptations in measures of cardiorespiratory fitness and anaerobic power than small-sided games across team members.
Construction of the “Full Path” of restorative effects on older adults’ mental health in parks under seasonal differences: taking Changchun as an example
Authors: Yan Tianjiao , Leng Hong , Yuan Ziqing
Published: April 2024

With the aging and older adults’ mental health problems in China, more attention has been paid to the restorative environment. As an important restorative environment in the city, the mental health restorative effect of park environment has been confirmed. However, further exploration is needed to determine whether winter parks have positive effects, their differences from non-winter parks, and the specific pathways of these effects. Therefore, this study constructed a “full path” for the restorative effects of older adults’ mental health in parks under seasonal differences, including four components: perceived environment, affective feedback, behavioral feedback, and restorative effect, forming four pathways. Based on this, this study obtained 211 and 240 sample data in winter and non-winter parks, and verified the validity of various hypotheses and mediation paths using structural equation models. It found that: (1) overall restorative effects existed in different seasons; (2) in winter, perceived environmental assessment was not a direct antecedent of restorative effects, and affective feedback and Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) feedback were important mediating factors, and the chain mediated pathway existed; (3) in non-winter, both direct, indirect and chain mediated effects existed, and affective feedback and Low Physical Activity (LPA) feedback were important mediating factors. Based on this, this study divided parks into “affective inducing” and “behavioral promoting” types, and proposed corresponding planning priorities to positively intervene in planning and design practices.