bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Growing to Biology: Plants 1e
Authors: Hacisalihoglu Gokhan
Published: April 2021

Ready to find out how plants are grown and function? Take a fantastic voyage through plants. From Growing to Biology: Plants 1e brings the latest information for understanding of traditional and modern plant growing, form, and production. Topics covered in 30 chapters include concise and up-to-date ‘big picture’ infographics, student learning outcomes (SLOs), key vocabulary, assessment, as well as identification of 120 species, and more. Moreover, author Dr. G. Hacisalihoglu emphasizes on leaning concepts, binding those concepts together with visuals approach to make learning faster and more memorable. From Growing to Biology: Plants 1e is packed full of horticultural information that is ideal for both academia and industry growers. It is basic enough that if you are just getting started learning plants, you will be able to catch up. Always remember that practice makes permanent and keep going to take your learning plant bio to new levels.
Sistem Informasi Pengendalian Persediaan Barang Menggunakan Metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
Authors: Astriyani Erna , Apriani Desy , Sari Meri Mayang
Published: April 2021

The system that is currently running in recording inventory at PT Berlina Tbk Tangerang is considered ineffective and efficient because it still uses paper and the process of inputting and recapping goods data is semi-computerized in Microsoft Excel. which causes problems, namely too much stock of goods so that it increases the load in the warehouse and too little stock of goods which results in an exhaustion of stock in the warehouse. To solve this problem, we need an inventory control information system. The method of analysis uses the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) method. For the system design process using sublime as the writing language and programming PHP, and XAMPP as localhost, the database uses MySQL. This study aims to design an inventory control system in the HRD department at PT Berlina Tbk Tangerang, and to make it easier for the HRD Department to input and create inventory reports. With this research, it can produce an inventory control system design that is more effective and efficient and can find out the storage costs in the warehouse. From the calculation of the EOQ method, it is found that it is 20% smaller than the previous storage and the total cost of ordering in a year is 2x orders. Thus, it means that there is a very real difference between the inventory policies implemented by the company and the EOQ method.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Dividend Payout Ratio Yang Dimoderasi FCF Pada Sektor Properti
Authors: Debataraja Mintauli , Sunarya Po. Abas , Sunarya Lusyani
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, likuiditas, ukuran perusahaan dan pertumbuhan perusahaan terhadap DPR pada perusahaan sektor properti & real estate yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2012-2016. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder dari laporan keuangan perusahaan. Pemilihan sampel dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 9 perusahaan dari 48 perusahaan sehingga data yang dianalisis sebanyak 45 data. Pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan analis regresi linear berganda dan Moderated regression analysis (MRA). Hasil yang didapat pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ROI (0,001 < 0,05), DER (0,034 < 0,05) dan CR (0,005 < 0,05) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap DPR, sedangkan Size (0,023 > 0,05), Growth (0,275 > 0,05) dan FCO (0,377 > 0,05) tidak berpengaruh terhadap DPR
Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Pengungkapan CSRSebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Haryani Hendriyati , Mulyati Mulyati , Azizah Nur
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh ROE, DER, Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Nilai perusahaan dengan Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) sebagai variabel intervening. ROE, DER, ukuran perusahaan menjadi variabel independen, nilai perusahaan sebagai variabel dependen sedangkan Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) sebagai variabel intervening. Penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian hipotesis dengan jumlah observasi yang digunakan adalah 670 observasi. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah sampel jenuh dengan mengambil seluruh populasi. Jenis data adalah data sekunder yang bersumber dari laporan tahunan dan laporan keuangan. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan analisis jalur dengan alat bantu statistik Software SPSS versi 20.0. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ROE berpengaruh negatif terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) , DER berpengaruh positif terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), ROE berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan, DER berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan, ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Minat Wajib Pajak Dalam Menggunakan Sistem E-Filling
Authors: Mardiana Mardiana , Nursaputri Pipit , I’zzaty Ria Dwi
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to examine the factors affecting interests of taxpayers in using efiling facility. The independent variables of this research are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, security and privacy, complexity, readiness technology taxpayers information and human resources. Data used in this research is primary data by using questionnaires. Respondent are the Individual Taxpayers who used e-filing.This research used multiple linear regression analysis that involved 108 respondents. The results show that: (1) perceived usefulness affects positively the intention to use E-filing, (2) perceived ease of use affects positively the intention to use E-Filing, (3) security and privacy affects positively the intention to use E-Filing, (4) complexity affects negatively the intention to use E-filing, (5) Readiness Technology Taxpayers Information affects positively the intention to use E-Filing (6) Human Resources affects positively the intention to use E-Filing
Pengangguran Di Tengah Puncak Bonus Demografi Pada Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Azzahra Rizka
Published: April 2021

Demographers predict that in the period 2020-2030 Indonesia will experience a demographic bonus with a peak around 2030. At that time, the number of people with productive age in Indonesia, namely the age range of 15-64 years, far exceeds those who are included in the nonproductive age (children and the elderly). The Demographic Bonus should be a very positive thing where Indonesia can get extraordinary benefits, making Indonesia have high competitiveness and bargaining power. But on the other hand, Indonesia is currently facing serious problems due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world. Social distancing (physical distancing) carried out to anticipate the spread and expansion of the Covid 19 pandemic has made changes in various fields, both in the economy, transportation, worship, education, government and entertainment that have a direct impact on labor. The number of job cuts that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic had a huge impact because not all of the workforce could be accommodated in the world of work, as a result it would encourage an increase in the number of unemployed in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of unemployment in Indonesia and the steps that need to be taken by the government and the Indonesian people in order to face the era of demographic bonuses in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic so that this demographic bonus does not become a wave of mass unemployment in Indonesia.
Demir noksanlığı şartlarında yetiştirilen çeltik çeşitlerinin taze köklerinde fitosiderofor üretimi ve ferrik redüktaz aktivitesi ile yapraklarında kloroz dereceleri
Authors: KORKMAZ Ahmet , AKINOĞLU Güney , HORUZ Ayhan
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, demir noksanlığı şartlarında yetiştirilen çeltik çeşitlerinin taze köklerinde fitosiderofor üretimi ve ferrikredüktaz aktivitesi ile yapraklarında kloroz derecelerini belirlemektir. Fitosiderofor salgısı üretimi ve ferrik redüktaz aktivitesibelirlemek amacıyla çeltik çeşitleri 10 gün süreyle demirsiz besin çözeltisi uygulayarak kum kültüründe yetiştirilmiştir. Ayrıca,kloroz derecesinin ve kloroza tolerans indeks değerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 5×2 faktöriyel deneme deseninde çalışmayürütülmüş olup, bu çalışmada 5 farklı çeltik çeşidine 0 ve 45 µM Fe dozlarında Fe-EDDHA içeren besin çözeltisi uygulanmıştır. Tazekökte üretilen fitosiderofor miktarı en yüksek olan çeşidin Hamzadere çeltik çeşidi olduğu görülmüştür. Köklerde fitosideroforüretimleri bakımından geri kalan diğer çeşitler arası fark istatistiksel olarak önemsiz olup, birbirlerine yakın bulunmuştur. Demirnoksanlığı şartlarında yetiştirilen çeltik çeşitleri arasında taze köklerde ferrik redüktaz aktivitesi en yüksek olan çeşidin Ronaldoçeltik çeşidi olduğu; buna karşın, en düşük çeşidin ise Biga incisi çeltik çeşidi olduğu görülmüştür. Hamzadere ve Ronaldo çeltikçeşitlerinin yapraklarında gözlenen kloroz derecesi şiddetli olup, bu çeşitlerin demir noksanlığına tolerans indeks değerlerisırasıyla %41.24 ve %41.52 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre, araştırmada incelenen çeltik çeşitleri arasında demirnoksanlığına en hassas çeşidin Hamzadere çeltik çeşidi olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P) temporariamente associada à COVID-19: um levantamento das características clínicas e epidemiológicas
Authors: Ferreira Bruno Wesley Ramalho Cirilo , Gusmão Anaís Bezerra de , Leon Pollyana Amorim Ponce de , Ferreira Rossana Karla Gois , Macedo Cibério Landim
Published: April 2021

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a literatura científica atual a respeito da Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P) temporariamente associada à COVID-19, a fim de documentar os principais achados e seu manejo terapêutico. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de estudos nas bases de dados US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) e ScienceDirect, entre os meses de setembro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021, utilizando os descritores multisystem inflammatory syndrome, children e COVID-19. Os artigos incluídos apresentaram estudos observacionais com pacientes diagnosticados com SIM-P, artigos originais e metanálises publicados entre os anos de 2020 e 2021. Foram excluídos os estudos que não descreviam suficientemente os dados, que não apresentavam relação com objetivo tema desta revisão, bem como notícias, comentários, cartas de apresentação e duplicatas de artigos. Dos 668 estudos encontrados, 27 compuseram esta revisão. A SIM-P acomete crianças e adolescentes entre 0 a 19 anos, apresentando febre persistente, sintomas gastrointestinais, falta de ar, dor abdominal e disfunções orgânicas. Essa síndrome é uma resposta imunológica inflamatória retardada à infecção recente por SARS-CoV-2, exibindo alterações nos marcadores inflamatórios e de outros indicadores, associados a alterações nos exames de imagem. O manejo terapêutico visa reduzir a resposta inflamatória sistêmica e reestabelecimento das funções orgânicas utilizando imunoglobulina, corticosteroides, drogas vasoativas, imunomoduladores e anticoagulantes. Poucas evidências científicas estão disponíveis para entender essa síndrome. Assim, estudos multicêntricos e prospectivos são necessários para melhor compreensão da fisiopatologia, critérios diagnósticos, tratamento e existência de complicações de médio a longo prazo.
Angka Kejadian Depresi pada Pasien yang Menjalani Hemodialisis Menggunakan Metode Pengukuran Geriatric Depression Scale
Authors: Octafiani Monica , Armelia Linda
Published: April 2021

Latar Belakang: Penyakit ginjal kronik mengakibatkan penurunan fungsi ginjal progresif dan irreversible sehingga memerlukan terapi pengganti ginjal berupa dialisis atau transplantasi ginjal. Hemodialisis merupakan terapi pengganti ginjal bertujuan membuang limbah metabolik dan kelebihan cairan tubuh melalui darah. Keadaan ini dapat mengganggu psikis pasien berupa depresi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian depresi pada pasien geriatric yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan menggunakan metode pengukuran geriatric depression scale. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang sedang menjalani hemodialisis di RS Anna Medika Bekasi dari tanggal 20-29 Agustus 2018. Analisis menggunakan Chi-Square. Hasil: Ada 51 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan 33 (64,7%) laki-laki dan sisanya perempuan. Pengukuran tingkat depresi sebagai berikut 25 (49%) tidak depresi; 20 (39.2%) depresi ringan; 5 (9.8%) depresi sedang dan 1 (2%) depresi berat. Kejadian depresi pada periode HD 12 bulan sebanyaj 24 (47%): 11 (45.7%) normal; 10 (41.7%) depresi ringan; 2 (8.4%) depresi sedang dan 1 (4.2%) depresi berat. Pada HD 12-24 bulan sebanyaj 15 (29.4%): 7 (46.6%) normal; 6 (40%) depresi ringan; 2 (13.4%) depresi sedang dan tidak ada depresi berat. Pada HD 25-36 bulan sebanyak 5 (25.5%): 4(80%) normal dan 1 (20%) depresi ringan. Sementara pada HD 36 bulan sebanyak 7 (35.7%): 3 (42.8%) normal; 3 (42.8%) depresi ringan dan 1 (14.2%) depresi sedang”. Tidak adanya hubungan antara ketaatan agama dengan angka kejadian depresi pada pasien PGK yang menjalani HD (p0,05). Simpulan: Angka kejadian depresi terbanyak terjadi ketika pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis kurang dari 12 bulan dan untuk pasien yang sudah menjalani hemodialisis lebih dari 12 bulan sudah dapat beradaptasi dan bergantung pada dukungan keluarga. Saran: Diperlukan perhatian dan dukungan keluarga pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik sebagai dukungan moral yang sangat penting dalam mencegah depresi pada pasien disamping kekuatan amal ibadah pasien juga.
Uji Validitas Kuesioner Fonseca dalam Menilai Gangguan Temporomandibula (TMD) pada Karyawan Universitas YARSI
Authors: Umniyati Helwiah
Published: April 2021

Pendahuluan: Salah satu nyeri orofasial yang sering dikeluhkan pasien seperti sakit kepala, nyeri di sekitar leher, nyeri pada wajah dan telinga adalah gangguan temporomandibula / temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Biasanya pasien tidak menyadari tanda dan gejala gangguan temporomandibula. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi TMD, seperti trauma oklusi, gigi tanggal, kebiasaan buruk dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji validitas kuesioner Fonseca dalam menilai gangguan temporomandibula (TMD), dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan klinis pada karyawan Universitas YARSI.  Bahan dan Metode Penelitian:  Dilakukan studi analitik cross sectional dengan sampel 225 karyawan Universitas YARSI. Kami menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling. Data dievaluasi menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil: Ditemukan prevalensi TMD dengan pemeriksaan klinis lebih tinggi dibandingkan kuesioner Fonseca yaitu 57,8% dan 50,7%. Kebanyakan dari sampel mengalami TMD ringan. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara TMD berdasarkan kuesioner Fonseca dan TMD dengan pemeriksaan klinis (p 0,05). Berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis, tidak didapatkan perbedaan TMD berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia responden dan status gigi hilang. Hanya pendidikan dan status pekerjaan yang memiliki hubungan bermakna. Pada uji validitas hasil kuisioner dan pemeriksaan klinis didapatkan sensitivitas 65% dan spesifisitas 71%. Simpulan: Kuisioner Fonseca merupakan alat yang cukup baik untuk skrining gangguan pada temporomandibular (TMD) di masyarakat, mungkin perlu memodifikasi pertanyaan agar dapat meningkatkan validitas.
Sea star wasting disease pathology in Pisaster ochraceus shows a basal-to-surface process affecting color phenotypes differently
Authors: Work TM , Weatherby TM , DeRito CM , Besemer RM , Hewson I
Published: April 2021

Sea star wasting disease (SSWD) refers to a suite of poorly described non-specific clinical signs including abnormal posture, epidermal ulceration, and limb autotomy (sloughing) causing mortalities of over 20 species of sea stars and subsequent ecological shifts throughout the northeastern Pacific. While SSWD is widely assumed to be infectious, with environmental conditions facilitating disease progression, few data exist on cellular changes associated with the disease. This is unfortunate, because such observations could inform mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and host susceptibility. Here, we replicated SSWD by exposing captive Pisaster ochraceus to a suite of non-infectious organic substances and show that development of gross lesions is a basal-to-surface process involving inflammation (e.g. infiltration of coelomocytes) of ossicles and mutable collagenous tissue, leading to epidermal ulceration. Affected sea stars also manifest increases in a heretofore undocumented coelomocyte type, spindle cells, that might be a useful marker of inflammation in this species. Finally, compared to purple morphs, orange P. ochraceus developed more severe lesions but survived longer. Longer-lived, and presumably more visible, severely-lesioned orange sea stars could have important demographic implications in terms of detectability of lesioned animals in the wild and measures of apparent prevalence of disease.
Reproduction, Agrotechnics and Protection of Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don (Jacaranda Juss.) in Absheron Conditions
Authors: Mammadov T. , Aliyeva Sh.
Published: April 2021

In research work have been extensively studied morphological aspects of seedlings on a scientific basis, propogation by seeds and cutting methods on the Absheron Peninsula species of Jacaranda mimosifolia belonging to the genus of Jacaranda Juss. of the family Bignoniaceae. The research analyzed the sowing period of seeds, soil characteristics, sowing depth, initial germination period, morphological features, agrotechnics, disease and pest control measures. Studies have shown that Jacaranda mimosifolia has the ability to adapt to open and greenhouse conditions in Absheron — In the autumn began to appear the first seedlings in the first decade of October from the seeds sown in the second decade of September in a greenhouse condition, were obtained 4.6% of seedlings at the end of the growing season. In the spring began to appear the first seedlings in the third decade of April from the seeds sown in the first decade of April, were obtained 5.2% of seedlings at the end of the growing season. In the second decade of May, 20–30 cm tall plants were transplanted to open fields. At the end of the growing season the length of the compound leaves of annual plants reached 14×15 cm. Plant height reached 1.2 m in height, 1.2–1.5 mm in diameter, stalks reached 16 cm in length, 0.2 cm in width. There are 20 leaf-stalks on 1 leaf. Keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 22–24 °C from April to the second decade of October had a positive effect on plant productivity. As a result of the research, it was found that in Absheron conditions the plant shed their leaves in the greenhouse at a temperature below 14 °C. As a result of the research, it was found that Jacaranda mimosifolia has the ability to adapt to open and greenhouse conditions in Absheron, it is profitable to use such an ornamental plant in the construction of parks and gardens, in decoration of offices and interiors.
Microstructural Analysis of Solder Bump Fabricated by Sn Electroplating on a PCB Substrate
Authors: Kim Sang-Hyeok , Kim Seong-Jin , Shin Han-Kyun , Park Hyun , Heo Cheol-Ho , Moon Seongjae , Lee Hyo-Jong
Published: April 2021

To manufacture finer solder bumps, the SR and DFR patterns were filled using a Sn electroplating process instead of the microball process currently used in BGA technology, and the solder bump shape was fabricated through a reflow process. The microstructure of the solder bump was investigated by EBSD and TEM measurements. The EBSD results showed that the grain size of the Sn structure became finer after the reflow treatment and a scallop shape of Cu6Sn5 was formed on the Cu UBM. However, the Cu3Sn phase was difficult to measure in the EBSD measurement. The Cu3Sn compound could be investigated with TEM analysis. The Cu3Sn phase also existed in the Sn region, with a size of several tens of nanometers, due to the eutectic reaction. The volume fraction of the Cu6Sn5 phase in the Sn region could be calculated from the TEM image, and the concentration of copper dissolved in the liquid tin during the reflow process could be estimated from the volume fraction. It was possible to observe the Cu3Sn and Cu6Sn5 lattice images through high resolution TEM analysis, but it was difficult to observe the lattice coherency between the two phases because both were polycrystalline. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that solder bumps with a diameter of less than 100 µm can be robustly manufactured through the Sn electroplating process.
A Reasonable DFT Calculation Method for Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites
Authors: Lee Jin-Woong , Park Woon Bae
Published: April 2021

Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites (HOIP) have received a great deal of attention as a key material for applications like solar cells and light emitting devices because of their many advantages, in spite of their stability and toxicity issues. Attempting to discover and characterize novel HOIPs using just an experimental approach would be prohibitively time-and-cost-consuming. Using theoretical or empirical calculations would greatly help. For these reasons, HOIP has been actively investigated using DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations, which have significantly reduced research time and cost. However, the input model structure treatment needs to be standardized to avoid unnecessary complications. For this purpose, a sort of optimization of DFT calculation protocols for HOIPs is essential, because DFT calculation results are greatly affected by the input model structure arrangements and exchange-correlation functionals. In this paper, we used DFT to calculate the band gap, formation energy, and effective mass of the well-known cubic perovskite structure, methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3: MAPbI3) with and without the van der Waals function and SOC (Spin Orbit Coupling) and various geometrical molecule arrangements in the structure. In particular, the initial orientation of the ‘A’ site molecule in the input model structure was intensively investigated in terms of band gap, formation energy and effective mass. It was found that the relaxation-induced final structure was greatly influenced by the initial orientation of the molecule and thereby significantly affected the DFT-calculated result.
Hukum Utama Dalam Mempersiapkan Khotbah
Authors: Wau Hasanema
Published: April 2021

A sermon today (here) is built from a text written thousands of years ago and addressed to a specific person or community. Serious efforts are needed to bridge the cultural gap between today's readers and first readers. Two temptations to watch out for: first, focus on exploring and describing various historical arguments. The sermon focuses on patterns of interpretation of the biblical texts relating to the past in the area of ​​Israel and beyond. Second, the focus is to be relevant, so that it ignores what the author intends, what is understood by the recipient of the letter. The Scriptures are not a letter that is only able to be solved by an expert in a line of academic degrees. On the one hand it must find out the meaning of the text (for writers and readers), on the other hand it must find principles that can be applied now and here. Balance is a demand! The Word of God speaks to all generations, so it is not enough to rediscover the original meaning of a passage without describing the significance of the passage for today.

Abstrak Indonesia

Sebuah khotbah hari ini (di sini) dibangun dari teks yang ditulis ribuan tahun yang lalu dan ditujukan kepada orang atau komunitas tertentu. Upaya serius diperlukan untuk menjembatani kesenjangan budaya antara pembaca saat ini dan pembaca pertama. Dua godaan yang harus diwaspadai: pertama, fokus mengeksplorasi dan mendeskripsikan berbagai argumen sejarah. Khotbah berfokus pada pola penafsiran teks-teks alkitabiah yang berkaitan dengan masa lalu di wilayah Israel dan sekitarnya. Kedua, fokusnya harus relevan, sehingga mengabaikan maksud penulis, apa yang dipahami penerima surat. Kitab Suci bukanlah surat yang hanya bisa diselesaikan oleh seorang ahli di bidang akademis. Di satu sisi harus mencari tahu makna teks (bagi penulis dan pembaca), di sisi lain harus menemukan prinsip-prinsip yang bisa diterapkan sekarang dan di sini. Keseimbangan adalah permintaan Firman Tuhan berbicara kepada semua generasi, jadi tidaklah cukup untuk menemukan kembali arti asli dari suatu bagian tanpa menjelaskan pentingnya bagian tersebut untuk hari ini.
Tinjauan Kritis Terhadap Ajaran Fredrich Schleiermacher Dalam Hubungannya Doktrin Dasar Kristen
Authors: Titus Titus
Published: April 2021

God created man with many uniqueness from all other types of creation, one of which is the ability to think and reason about something. The purpose of this uniqueness is for humans to become divine partners in protecting and caring for the earth and what is in it. But unfortunately that uniqueness is tainted by because man's own disobedience to God's prohibition in the Garden of Eden.Even so, the human ability to think and reason is not lost. Humans are given the opportunity to work to work on this damaged earth even with pain. This ability to think continues to develop in great works and has become an icon of human civilized history. seen from historical buildings, but also through thoughts that can influence the challenges in people's lives, that is the fruit of the uniqueness of human thought that was created by God.Human thought that has developed over a period of time has become a disaster, where God is no longer needed in the modern world, the rise of liberal theology brings out the power of intellectual thought and intuition. The purity of Christian teachings has become relative and dragged into a vortex of increasingly sharp criticism. Can the Bible dim the teaching deviations, straighten out the understanding that has been dragged into corrupted rationale.

Abstrak Indonesia

Tuhan menciptakan manusia dengan banyak keunikan dari segala jenis ciptaan lainnya, salah satunya adalah kemampuan untuk berpikir dan menalarkan sesuatu.Tujuan dari keunikan itu adalah supaya manusia menjadi mitra Ilahi dalam menjaga dan memelihara bumi serta yang ada di dalamnya.Tetapi sayang keunikan itu tercemar oleh karena ketidaktaatan manusia itu sendiri terhadapan larangan Allah di Taman Eden.                                   Walaupun demikian kemampuan manusia untuk berpikir dan bernalar tidak hilang, manusia diberi kesempatan untuk berkarya mengusahakan bumi yang sudah rusak itu meskipun dengan bersusah payah.Kemampuan berpikir itu terus berkembang dalam sebuah karya-karya besar dan menjadi ikon sejarah beradaban manusia.Karya agung itu bukan hanya terlihat dari bangunan-bangunan bersejarah, tetapi juga melalui pemikiran-pemikiran yang dapat mempengaruhi tantanan dalam kehidupan masyarakat, itulah buah dari keunikan pemikiran manusia yang diciptakan Allah. Pemikiran manusia yang semakin berkembang dalam kurun waktu tertentu menjadi petaka, dimana Allah menjadi tidak diperlukan lagi dalam dunia modern, kebangkitan teologi liberal menyuguhkan kekuatan pemikiran intelektual dan intuisi. Kemurnian ajaran Kristen menjadi menjadi relative dan terseret dalam pusaran kritik yang semakin tajam.Mampukah Alkitab meredupkan penyimpangan pengajaran, meluruskan pemahaman yang terseret dalam rasional yang tercemar.
Tuning the Structure of Nylon 6,6 Electrospun Bundles to Mimic the Mechanical Performance of Tendon Fascicles
Authors: Sensini Alberto , Santare Michael H. , Eichenlaub Emily , Bloom Ellen , Gotti Carlo , Zucchelli Andrea , Cristofolini Luca
Published: April 2021

Tendon and ligament injuries are triggered by mechanical loading, but the specific mechanisms are not yet clearly identified. It is well established however, that the inflection and transition points in tendon stress-strain curves represent thresholds that may signal the onset of irreversible fibrillar sliding. This phenomenon often results in a progressive macroscopic failure of these tissues. With the aim to simulate and replace tendons, electrospinning has been demonstrated to be a suitable technology to produce nanofibers similar to the collagen fibrils in a mat form. These nanofibrous mats can be easily assembled in higher hierarchical levels to reproduce the whole tissue structure. Despite the fact that several groups have developed electrospun tendon-inspired structures, an investigation of the inflection and transition point mechanics is missing. Comparing their behavior with that of the natural counterpart is important to adequately replicate their behavior at physiological strain levels. To fill this gap, in this work fascicle-inspired electrospun nylon 6,6 bundles were produced with different collector peripheral speeds (i.e., 19.7 m s–1; 13.7 m s–1; 7.9 m s–1), obtaining different patterns of nanofibers alignment. The scanning electron microcopy revealed a fibril-inspired structure of the nanofibers with an orientation at the higher speed similar to those in tendons and ligaments (T/L). A tensile mechanical characterization was carried out showing an elastic-brittle biomimetic behavior for the higher speed bundles with a progressively more ductile behavior at slower speeds. Moreover, for each sample category the transition and the inflection points were defined to study how these points can shift with the nanofiber arrangement and to compare their values with those of tendons. The results of this study will be of extreme interest for the material scientists working in the field, to model and improve the design of their electrospun structures and scaffolds and enable building a new generation of artificial tendons and ligaments.
Women With Diabetes Are at Increased Relative Risk of Heart Failure Compared to Men: Insights From UK Biobank
Authors: Chadalavada Sucharitha , Jensen Magnus T. , Aung Nay , Cooper Jackie , Lekadir Karim , Munroe Patricia B. , Petersen Steffen E.
Published: April 2021

Aims: To investigate the effect of diabetes on mortality and incident heart failure (HF) according to sex, in the low risk population of UK Biobank. To evaluate potential contributing factors for any differences seen in HF end-point.

Methods: The entire UK Biobank study population were included. Participants that withdrew consent or were diagnosed with diabetes after enrolment were excluded from the study. Univariate and multivariate cox regression models were used to assess endpoints of mortality and incident HF, with median follow-up periods of 9 years and 8 years respectively.

Results: A total of 493,167 participants were included, hereof 22,685 with diabetes (4.6%). Two thousand four hundred fifty four died and 1,223 were diagnosed or admitted with HF during the follow up periods of 9 and 8 years respectively. Overall, the mortality and HF risk were almost doubled in those with diabetes compared to those without diabetes (hazard ratio (HR) of 1.9 for both mortality and heart failure) in the UK Biobank population. Women with diabetes (both types) experience a 22% increased risk of HF compared to men (HR of 2.2 (95% CI: 1.9–2.5) vs. 1.8 (1.7–2.0) respectively). Women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) were associated with 88% increased risk of HF compared to men (HR 4.7 (3.6–6.2) vs. 2.5 (2.0–3.0) respectively), while the risk of HF for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was 17% higher in women compared to men (2.0 (1.7–2.3) vs. 1.7 (1.6–1.9) respectively). The increased risk of HF in women was independent of confounding factors. The findings were similar in a model with all-cause mortality as a competing risk. This interaction between sex, diabetes and outcome of HF is much more prominent for T1DM (p = 0.0001) than T2DM (p = 0.1).

Conclusion: Women with diabetes, particularly those with T1DM, experience a greater increase in risk of heart failure compared to men with diabetes, which cannot be explained by the increased prevalence of cardiac risk factors in this cohort.
Geodetic Seafloor Positioning Using an Unmanned Surface Vehicle—Contribution of Direction-of-Arrival Observations
Authors: Sakic Pierre , Chupin Clémence , Ballu Valérie , Coulombier Thibault , Morvan Pierre-Yves , Urvoas Paul , Beauverger Mickael , Royer Jean-Yves
Published: April 2021

Precise underwater geodetic positioning remains a challenge. Measurements combining surface positioning (GNSS) with underwater acoustic positioning are generally performed from research vessels. Here we tested an alternative approach using a small Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) with a compact GNSS/Acoustic experimental set-up, easier to deploy, and more cost-effective. The positioning system included a GNSS receiver directly mounted above an Ultra Short Baseline (USBL) module integrated with an inertial system (INS) to correct for the USV motions. Different acquisition protocols, including box-in circles around transponders and two static positions of the USV, were tested. The experiment conducted in the shallow waters (40 m) of the Bay of Brest, France, provided a data set to derive the coordinates of individual transponders from two-way-travel times, and direction of arrival (DOA) of acoustic rays from the transponders to the USV. Using a least-squares inversion, we show that DOAs improve single transponder positioning both in box-in and static acquisitions. From a series of short positioning sessions (20 min) over 2 days, we achieved a repeatability of ~5 cm in the locations of the transponders. Post-processing of the GNSS data also significantly improved the two-way-travel times residuals compared to the real-time solution.
Quantifying Nutrient Trade in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Under Extreme Weather Events Using Quantum-Dot Tagged Phosphorus
Authors: van ’t Padje Anouk , Bonfante Paola , Ciampi Luisa Tartaglia , Kiers E. Toby
Published: April 2021

Given the current trends in climate change, extreme weather events are expected to increase in strength and frequency. Such events can impact species survival and species interactions. One of the most ubiquitous symbioses on earth is the nutrient exchange partnership between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their host plants. While past work has shown that mycorrhizal fungi can help alleviate stress, it is unknown how phosphorus uptake by plants to fungi is affected by extreme weather events, such as flooding and heat waves. To test this response, we grewMedicago truncatulahost plants with or without mycorrhizal fungi and then exposed them to extreme weather treatments: increasing soil temperature by 12°C, or by flooding the plant roots for 7 days. We measured plant and fungal performance, and quantified phosphorus (P) uptake before and after extreme weather treatments using a technique in which we tagged apatite, a form of rock phosphorus, with fluorescing quantum-dots (QDs) nanoparticles. We then measured fluorescence in root and shoot tissue at harvest. We found that plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were affected by soil flooding, with plant survival, fungal colonization and QD-apatite uptake decreasing under flooded conditions. We did not see these negative effects in the heat treatment. While the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affected plant biomass allocation, leading to an increase in shoot biomass, the symbiosis did not increase plant survival, total biomass or QD uptake in either treatment. More generally, we found host tissue contained roughly 80% more QD-apatite from the pre-treatment compared to the post-treatment nutrient injection. Future studies should focus on various plant-fungal combinations to create databases on which predictive models to extreme weather events can be constructed.
QTL Mapping and Favorable Allele Mining of Nitrogen Deficiency Tolerance Using an Interconnected Breeding Population in Rice
Authors: Shen Congcong , Chen Kai , Cui Yanru , Chen Jiantao , Mi Xuefei , Zhu Shuangbin , Zhu Yajun , Ali Jauhar , Ye Guoyou , Li Zhikang , Xu Jianlong
Published: April 2021

Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for rice growth and development. Breeding of nitrogen deficiency tolerance (NDT) variety is considered to be the most economic measure to solve the constrain of low nitrogen stress on grain yield in rice. An interconnected breeding (IB) population of 497 lines developed using Huanghuazhan (HHZ) as the recurrent parent and eight elite lines as the donor parents were tested for five traits including grain yield, biomass, harvest index, thousand grain weight, and spikelet fertility under two nitrogen treatments in three growing seasons. Association analysis using 7,388 bins generated by sequencing identified a total of 14, 14, and 12 QTLs for the five traits under low nitrogen (LN), normal nitrogen (NN), and LN/NN conditions, respectively, across three seasons. Favorable alleles were dissected for the 40 QTLs at the 10 NDT regions, and OM1723 was considered as the most important parent with the highest frequency of favorable alleles contributing to NDT-related traits. Six superior lines all showed significantly higher GY in LN environments and similar GY under NN environments except for H10. Substitution mapping using near-isogenic introgression lines delimited theqTGW2-1, which was identified on chromosome 2 under LN, NN, and LN/NN conditions into two QTLs, which were located in the two regions of about 200 and 350 kb with different favorable alleles. The bins 16, 1301, 1465, 1486, 3464, and 6249 harbored the QTLs for NDT detected in this study, and the QTLs/genes previously identified for NDT or nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) could be used for enhancing NDT and NUE by marker-assisted selection (MAS).
Characterization of Strip1 Expression in Mouse Cochlear Hair Cells
Authors: Zhang Shasha , Dong Ying , Qiang Ruiying , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Xiaoli , Chen Yin , Jiang Pei , Ma Xiangyu , Wu Leilei , Ai Jingru , Gao Xia , Wang Pengjun , Chen Jie , Chai Renjie
Published: April 2021

Striatin-interacting protein 1 (Strip1) is a core component of the striatin interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex, which is involved in embryogenesis and development, circadian rhythms, type 2 diabetes, and cancer progression. However, the expression and role of Strip1 in the mammalian cochlea remains unclear. Here we studied the expression and function of Strip1 in the mouse cochlea by using Strip1 knockout mice. We first found that the mRNA and protein expression of Strip1 increases as mice age starting from postnatal day (P) 3 and reaches its highest expression level at P30 and that the expression of Strip1 can be detected by immunofluorescent staining starting from P14 only in cochlear HCs, and not in supporting cells (SCs). Next, we crossed Strip1 heterozygous knockout (Strip +/−) mice to obtain Strip1 homozygous knockout (Strip1−/−) mice for studying the role of Strip1 in cochlear HCs. However, no Strip1−/− mice were obtained and the ratio of Strip +/− to Strip1+/+ mice per litter was about 2:1, which suggested that homozygous Strip1 knockout is embryonic lethal. We measured hearing function and counted the HC number in P30 and P60 Strip +/− mice and found that they had normal hearing ability and HC numbers compared to Strip1+/+ mice. Our study suggested that Strip1 probably play important roles in HC development and maturation, which needs further study in the future.
Adapting CRISPR/Cas9 System for Targeting Mitochondrial Genome
Authors: Hussain Syed-Rehan A. , Yalvac Mehmet E. , Khoo Benedict , Eckardt Sigrid , McLaughlin K. John
Published: April 2021

Gene editing of the mitochondrial genome using the CRISPR-Cas9 system is highly challenging mainly due to sub-efficient delivery of guide RNA and Cas9 enzyme complexes into the mitochondria. In this study, we were able to perform gene editing in the mitochondrial DNA by appending an NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 (ND4) targeting guide RNA to an RNA transport-derived stem loop element (RP-loop) and expressing the Cas9 enzyme with a preceding mitochondrial localization sequence. We observe mitochondrial colocalization of RP-loop gRNA and a marked reduction of ND4 expression in the cells carrying a 11205G variant in their ND4 sequence coincidently decreasing the mtDNA levels. This proof-of-concept study suggests that a stem-loop element added sgRNA can be transported to the mitochondria and functionally interact with Cas9 to mediate sequence-specific mtDNA cleavage. Using this novel approach to target the mtDNA, our results provide further evidence that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing might potentially be used to treat mitochondrial-related diseases.
PacBio Single-Molecule Long-Read Sequencing Reveals Genes Tolerating Manganese Stress in Schima superba Saplings
Authors: Liaquat Fiza , Munis Muhammad Farooq Hussain , Arif Samiah , Haroon Urooj , Shi Jianxin , Saqib Saddam , Zaman Wajid , Che Shengquan , Liu Qunlu
Published: April 2021

Schima superba (Theaceae) is a subtropical evergreen tree and is used widely for forest firebreaks and gardening. It is a plant that tolerates salt and typically accumulates elevated amounts of manganese in the leaves. With large ecological amplitude, this tree species grows quickly. Due to its substantial biomass, it has a great potential for soil remediation. To evaluate the thorough framework of the mRNA, we employed PacBio sequencing technology for the first time to generate S. Superba transcriptome. In this analysis, overall, 511,759 full length non-chimeric reads were acquired, and 163,834 high-quality full-length reads were obtained. Overall, 93,362 open reading frames were obtained, of which 78,255 were complete. In gene annotation analyses, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Non-Redundant (Nr) databases were allocated 91,082, 71,839, 38,914, and 38,376 transcripts, respectively. To identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), we utilized four computational methods associated with protein families (Pfam), Cooperative Data Classification (CPC), Coding Assessing Potential Tool (CPAT), and Coding Non-Coding Index (CNCI) databases and observed 8,551, 9,174, 20,720, and 18,669 lncRNAs, respectively. Moreover, nine genes were randomly selected for the expression analysis, which showed the highest expression of Gene 6 (Na_Ca_ex gene), and CAX (CAX-interacting protein 4) was higher in manganese (Mn)-treated group. This work provided significant number of full-length transcripts and refined the annotation of the reference genome, which will ease advanced genetic analyses of S. superba.
Slc20a2-Deficient Mice Exhibit Multisystem Abnormalities and Impaired Spatial Learning Memory and Sensorimotor Gating but Normal Motor Coordination Abilities
Authors: Ren Yaqiong , Shen Yuqi , Si Nuo , Fan Shiqi , Zhang Yi , Xu Wanhai , Shi Lei , Zhang Xue
Published: April 2021

Background

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC, OMIM#213600), also known as Fahr’s disease, is a rare autosomal dominant or recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bilateral and symmetrical microvascular calcifications affecting multiple brain regions, particularly the basal ganglia (globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and putamen) and thalamus. The most common clinical manifestations include cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric signs, and movement disorders. Loss-of-function mutations inSLC20A2are the major genetic causes of PFBC.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate whetherSlc20a2knockout mice could recapitulate the dynamic processes and patterns of brain calcification and neurological symptoms in patients with PFBC. We comprehensively evaluated brain calcifications and PFBC-related behavioral abnormalities inSlc20a2-deficient mice.

Methods

Brain calcifications were analyzed using classic calcium-phosphate staining methods. The Morris water maze, Y-maze, and fear conditioning paradigms were used to evaluate long-term spatial learning memory, working memory, and episodic memory, respectively. Sensorimotor gating was mainly assessed using the prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex program. Spontaneous locomotor activity and motor coordination abilities were evaluated using the spontaneous activity chamber, cylinder test, accelerating rotor-rod, and narrowing balance beam tests.

Results

Slc20a2homozygous knockout (Slc20a2-HO) mice showed congenital and global developmental delay, lean body mass, skeletal malformation, and a high proportion of unilateral or bilateral eye defects. Brain calcifications were detected in the hypothalamus, ventral thalamus, and midbrain early at postnatal day 80 inSlc20a2-HO mice, but were seldom found inSlc20a2heterozygous knockout (Slc20a2-HE) mice, even at extremely old age.Slc20a2-HO mice exhibited spatial learning memory impairments and sensorimotor gating deficits while exhibiting normal working and episodic memories. The general locomotor activity, motor balance, and coordination abilities were not statistically different betweenSlc20a2-HO and wild-type mice after adjusting for body weight, which was a major confounding factor in our motor function evaluations.

Conclusion

The human PFBC-related phenotypes were highly similar to those inSlc20a2-HO mice. Therefore,Slc20a2-HO mice might be suitable for the future evaluation of neuropharmacological intervention strategies targeting cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairments.
Enhancement and Imputation of Peak Signal Enables Accurate Cell-Type Classification in scATAC-seq
Authors: Cui Zhe , Cui Ya , Gao Yan , Jiang Tao , Zang Tianyi , Wang Yadong
Published: April 2021

Single-cell Assay Transposase Accessible Chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) has been widely used in profiling genome-wide chromatin accessibility in thousands of individual cells. However, compared with single-cell RNA-seq, the peaks of scATAC-seq are much sparser due to the lower copy numbers (diploid in humans) and the inherent missing signals, which makes it more challenging to classify cell type based on specific expressed gene or other canonical markers. Here, we present svmATAC, a support vector machine (SVM)-based method for accurately identifying cell types in scATAC-seq datasets by enhancing peak signal strength and imputing signals through patterns of co-accessibility. We applied svmATAC to several scATAC-seq data from human immune cells, human hematopoietic system cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The benchmark results showed that svmATAC is free of literature-based markers and robust across datasets in different libraries and platforms. The source code of svmATAC is available at https://github.com/mrcuizhe/svmATAC under the MIT license.