bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Germline Variants in Proto-Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes in Women with Cervical Cancer
Authors: Lenkova Ksenia , Khusainova Rita , Minyazeva Raushaniya , Zaripova Aliya , Gilyazova Irina , Mokrysheva Natalia , Minniakhmetov Ildar
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Cervical cancer (CC) remains a significant global health challenge, characterized by genetic heterogeneity and a complex molecular landscape, both of which contribute to its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate germline variants in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in cervical cancer patients, with the objective of clarifying their potential role in disease development. Methods: We utilized a custom next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel targeting 48 genes implicated in oncogenesis. Germline DNA samples from cervical cancer patients were analyzed in order to identify nucleotide sequence alterations. Variants were classified according to pathogenicity and clinical relevance, based on established guidelines. Results: A total of 148 nucleotide variants were detected within the cohort. Of these, 35 variants (23.6%) were classified as benign. In contrast, 105 variants (70.9%) were identified as variants of uncertain significance (VUSs). Moreover, seven pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations were discovered, along with the polymorphic variant rs1042522 in the TP53 gene, which has been associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. Conclusions: Our findings contribute to expanding our understanding of the molecular genetic landscape of cervical cancer. They emphasize the potential contribution of rare germline mutations to its development and progression. These results highlight the importance of comprehensive genetic screening in order to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cervical cancer patients.
MINOCA: A Pathophysiological Approach of Diagnosis and Treatment—A Narrative Review
Authors: Khattab Elina , Karelas Dimitrios , Pallas Theofilos , Kostakis Panagiotis , Papadopoulos Constantinos H. , Sideris Skevos , Patsourakos Nikolaos , Kadoglou Nikolaos P. E.
Published: October 2024

Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a clinical entity characterized by the absence of significant coronary artery obstruction in epicardial arteries (<50%) on coronary angiography in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This article aims to provide a narrative review of the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and prognosis associated with MINOCA based on pathophysiology regarding the atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic causes. Etiological factors, including thromboembolism, coronary artery spasm, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, coronary microvascular disease, and supply–demand mismatch, are addressed. Imaging modalities such as echocardiography, advances in coronary angiography like intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) are also analyzed. MINOCA patients have a better short-term prognosis compared to those with obstructive coronary artery disease but face significant long-term risks, underscoring the need for precise diagnosis and management strategies. Elevated inflammatory markers and specific genetic predispositions are also associated with adverse outcomes in MINOCA. This review focused on MINOCA from a pathophysiological perspective on the diverse underlying mechanisms, the challenges in achieving accurate diagnosis, the importance of a tailored therapeutic approach and the necessity for further investigation of clinical outcomes.
Solving UAV 3D Path Planning Based on the Improved Lemur Optimizer Algorithm
Authors: Liang Haijun , Hu Wenhai , Gong Ke , Dai Jie , Wang Lifei
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes an Improved Lemur Optimization algorithm (ILO), which combines the advantages of the Spider Monkey Optimization algorithm, Simulated Annealing algorithm, and Lemur Optimization algorithm. Through the use of an adaptive nonlinear decrement model, adaptive learning factors, and updated jump rates, the algorithm enhances its global exploration and local exploitation capabilities. A Gaussian function model is used to simulate the mountain environment, and a mathematical model for UAV flight is established based on constraints and objective functions. The fitness function is employed to determine the minimum cost for avoiding obstacles in a designated airspace, and cubic spline interpolation is used to smooth the flight path. The Improved Lemur Optimization algorithm was tested using the CEC2017 benchmark set, assessing its search capability, convergence speed, and accuracy. The simulation results show that ILO generates high-quality, smooth paths with fewer iterations, overcoming the issues of premature convergence and insufficient local search ability in traditional genetic algorithms. It adapts to complex terrain, providing an efficient and reliable solution.
In Silico Design of Novel Piperazine-Based mTORC1 Inhibitors Through DFT, QSAR and ADME Investigations
Authors: Karim El Mehdi , Abchir Oussama , Nour Hassan , Daoui Ossama , El Khattabi Souad , Siddique Farhan , El Kouali M’Hammed , Talbi Mohammed , Errougui Abdelkbir , Chtita Samir
Published: October 2024

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an important and promising alternative biological target for the treatment of different types of cancer including breast, lung and renal cell carcinoma. This study contributed to the development of mathematical models highlighting the quantitative structure-activity relationship of a series of piperazine derivatives reported as mTORC1 inhibitors. Various molecular descriptors were calculated using Gaussian 09, Chemsketch, and ChemOffice software. The density funcional theory (DFT) method at the level B3LYP/6-31G+(d, p) was applied to determine the structural, electronic and energetic parameters associated with the studied molecules. The predictive ability of the built models, which is obtained by two methods (MLR and MNLR), showed that the built models are statistically significant. The QSAR modeling results revealed that the six molecular descriptors of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (ELUMO), electrophilicity index (ω), molar refractivity (MR), aqueous solubility (Log S), topological polar surface area (PSA), and refractive index (n) significantly correlated to the biological inhibitory activity of piperazine derivatives. Using QSAR models and in silico pharmacokinetic profiles predictions, five new candidate compounds are selected as potential inhibitors against cancer.
Respiratory Trajectories and Correlation with Serum Biochemical Indices in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Ginanneschi Federica , Bigliazzi Caterina , Cimmino Flora Anna , Casali Stefania , Pelliccioni Pietro , Emmanuello Emanuele , Bargagli Elena , De Stefano Nicola
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The primary life-threatening complication in spinal–bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is ventilatory failure. The present study analyzes the longitudinal patterns of respiratory function tests over a follow-up of 11 years. Methods: We collected data from 9 genetically confirmed SBMA patients. Spirometric measurements [maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), and forced vital capacity (FVC)], serum biochemical indices and SBMA functional rating scale (SBMAFRS) were collected every 6 months for 11 years. An average time curve was utilized to assess the changes in both pulmonary tests and serum biochemical indices of the patients. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA was applied to assess statistical differences. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was utilized to evaluate the correlations between the respiratory function tests and serum biochemical and clinical indices. Results: A progressive decrease was observed in the respiratory function tests; the slope of the linear regression was significantly non-zero (p < 0.0001) for all three time curves. A major decrease was observed for MEP (52%) and MIP (42%), while this was minor for FVC (25%). SBMAFRS score correlated with FVC (r = 0.27), MIP (r = 0.53) and MEP (r = 0.51). MIP and MEP correlated with creatine phosphokinase (r = 0.3, r = 0.25, respectively) and MIP with creatinine levels (r = 0.31). Conclusions: This longitudinal study shows a progressive decline of spirometric data throughout life in SBMA patients. The decline appears to be related to clinical deterioration and muscle denervation. Spirometric measures relative to maximal strength of the respiratory muscles (MIP and MEP) may have a better predictive value for pulmonary and muscular decline than FVC.
Amplifying School Mental Health Literacy Through Neuroscience Education
Authors: Vento Peter J. , Harrod Steven B. , Patterson Brittany , Figas Kristen , Chandler Tucker , Chehoski Brooke , Weist Mark D.
Published: October 2024

Children and adolescents face a wide variety of developmental changes and environmental challenges, and it is estimated that at least one in five children aged 3–17 will experience behavioral or mental health issues. This period of life coincides with major changes in brain structure and function that have profound long-term consequences for learning, decision-making (including risk taking), and emotional processing. For example, continued development of the prefrontal cortex in adolescence is a sensitive period during which individuals are particularly susceptible to risky behaviors, environmental stressors, and substance use. While recent advances in mental health literacy programs have paved the way for increased awareness of the benefits of mental health curricula in schools, these efforts could be greatly bolstered with support in basic neuroscience education in developmentally appropriate and area-specific content. Here, we provide a discussion on the basic structural and functional changes occurring in the brain throughout childhood, how this contributes to changes in cognitive function, and the risk factors posed by early life adversity, stress, and drug use. Finally, we provide a perspective on the benefits of integrating findings from the field of neuroscience and suggestions for tools to better equip students, teachers, administrators, and school mental health staff to provide new directions for addressing the mental health crises faced by millions of children and youth each year.
Latin Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals’ Perceptions of Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Peguero Hector J. , Stephens Dionne P. , Duong Jacqueline , Obee Averill
Published: October 2024

Latin transgender and gender-diverse (LTGGD) individuals experienced the public health measures mandated during the COVID-19 pandemic in unique ways. Intersecting ethnic and gender-identifying frameworks contributes to differing access, support, and well-being observations. The aim of this study was to examine emerging adult LTGGD individuals’ perceptions of their health and well-being experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Florida. Interviews were conducted with nine self-identifying LTGGD individuals. Using a thematic analysis, a total of three major themes were identified as shaping the participants’ experiences and perceptions of health during COVID-19, including (a) healthcare interactions, (b) challenges, and (c) opportunities. Some of the participants were mixed in their perceptions of their well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic; negative concerns included the inability to access general and transgender/gender-diverse specific health services. However, others note that they were happy that the pandemic allowed them to avoid contexts where they regularly experienced microaggressions due to their identities. Additionally, various participants were able to use this time of isolation to identify providers with greater knowledge about LTGGD health needs. These findings highlight the importance of providing culturally competent and humility-centered skills to healthcare providers and others supporting the LTGGD population’s well-being.
A Numerical Analysis of the Role of Pile Foundations in Shaft Sinking Using the Vertical Shaft Sinking Machine (VSM)
Authors: Liu Tianjun , Liu Zongyu , Ma Chunjing , Xu Zhibing , Yu Long , Zhang Xu , Liu Keqi
Published: October 2024

The use of the Vertical Shaft Sinking Machine (VSM) for shaft construction marks a significant advancement in modern technology and is recognized as one of the leading techniques in the field. However, much of the existing research focuses on mechanical and technical challenges, often overlooking the effects on surrounding soil and the structural integrity of shafts. This study demonstrates that increasing pile diameter by 20% improves load-bearing capacity by 15% and reduces soil settlement by 12%, though these improvements come with higher construction costs. Additionally, larger diameters improve lateral stability, but excessively long piles lead to diminishing returns. To address the limited research on reinforcement design in soft soils, a series of numerical models were employed to investigate the effects of pile spacing, length, and diameter on surrounding soil behavior. This in-depth analysis aims to provide a scientific foundation for optimizing VSM technology in caisson pile foundations, particularly in soft-soil conditions.
Horizontal Deformation Control Strategy and Implementation Method of Eccentric Core Tube Structure Based on Construction Error Uncertainty
Authors: Wang Huaping , Xiao Yiqing , Zhang Dekai , Yin Guanghua , Ma Xinxu , Wang Sijiu , Ai Qiyang
Published: October 2024

Estimating and controlling the horizontal deformation of eccentric core-tube structure is challenging due to the time-varying characteristics of concrete materials and structural construction. In order to solve the construction uncertainty, an analysis method of horizontal deformation control theory based on construction error uncertainty is proposed in this paper, which is used to predict the overall deflection in the project design stage. At the same time, considering the construction complexity, the relationship between deviation correction value, structural initial deformation, structural positional posture, and deformation increment data is established. And the “prediction-measurement-construction-adjustment” stage transformation control method is established, which is used to check and adjust the predicted pre-arch target curve in the construction period. The engineering implementation method of the deviation correction scheme of wall line control is put forward based on the construction stringing habit. The proposed method was evaluated on a 390-m high-rise building with numerical simulation and measure verifications. The results show that when the control method is adopted, the top displacement of the structure is only 8 mm, which is much smaller than 75 mm without considering the horizontal deformation control strategy. The proposed control method can effectively control the horizontal deflection of the structure under construction, and the predicted value is in good agreement with the measured value during the observation period.
Visitors’ Behaviors and Perceptions of Spatial Factors of Uncultivated Internet-Famous Sites in Urban Riverfront Public Spaces: Case Study in Changsha, China
Authors: Zheng Bohong , Huang Yuanyuan , Guo Rui
Published: October 2024

This article takes representative uncultivated riverfront internet-famous sites (uncultivated RIFSs) in Changsha city, China, as an example to explore the internal mechanism of their formation and finds that they are closely related to the “urban subculture” and the “informality of urban public space”. In terms of methodology, through questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews, this study investigates the behavioral characteristics of onsite visitors, the overall perceptions and satisfaction of public spaces, and the perceptions of spatial and humanistic elements of visitors. The main findings are as follows: ① Onsite visitors are mainly male, with local tourists and nearby residents accounting for over 80%. Furthermore, over half of the visitors have limited understanding of the uncultivated RIFSs. ② People’s overall attitudes towards the uncultivated RIFSs are positive. And the ability to carry out meaningful activities and find comfort and safety are of the greatest concern to onsite tourists. ③ Among the visiting reasons, leisure stays accounted for the highest proportion, followed by sightseeing, sports stays and social stays. ④ The onsite visitors’ main focus of spatial elements and humanistic elements is different according to the different sites. However, visitors’ dissatisfaction is mainly reflected in poor site safety and sanitation conditions, inadequate facilities and poor surrounding environments. This paper also compares the online–offline differences in the spatial perceptions of the uncultivated RIFSs between this study and previous research; instead of focusing on the urban physical spaces, online social media users pay more attention to their self-presentation. Meanwhile, the visitors place greater emphasis on the functionality, practicality and experiential activities of the urban physical spaces. Finally, this article proposes optimization strategies for uncultivated RIFSs from planning and governance and public space design aspects to protect and strengthen the composite utilization of space, therefore enhancing diverse vitality.
Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Disparities in Clinical Trial Participation for Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Observational Study in London
Authors: El-Shakankery Karim H. , Kefas Joanna , Palmer Kieran , Houston Andrew , Mukherjee Uma , Gao Kangbo , Tan Weiteen , Crusz Shanthini M. , Flynn Michael J. , Ledermann Jonathan A. , Lockley Michelle , McCormack Mary , MacDonald Nicola , Nicum Shibani , Devlin Michael John , Miller Rowan E.
Published: October 2024

Background: Ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in cancer outcomes are exacerbated by clinical trial underrepresentation. This study aims to identify inequalities in ethnicity and socioeconomic features among ovarian cancer clinical trial participants in two London cancer centres. Methods: All ovarian cancer patients treated between 2017 and 2022 were included. Patients participating in clinical trials were classified as the trial population (TP); the remainder were considered the non-trial population (NTP). Data on disease characteristics and sociodemographic features, including ethnicity and Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) deciles, were accessed from electronic patient records. Results: Of the 892 patients, 212 (24%) were enrolled in trials: 87 in Phase II, 103 in Phase III, and 21 in prospective, non-investigational medicinal product trials. The TP were more likely to be of White ethnicity (72.6% vs. 57.5%; p < 0.001), younger (mean age 58 vs. 60; p = 0.003), living in less deprived areas (most deprived tercile: 21.2% vs. 34.0%; p = 0.004), and English-speaking (95.8% vs. 90.9%; p = 0.041). In the multivariate analysis, White ethnicity (p < 0.0001), age (p = 0.003), IMD decile (p = 0.007), and interpreter requirement (p = 0.037) were independent predictors of trial participation. Conclusions: Ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities affect trial participation, potentially worsening health disparities in ovarian cancer patients. Strategies to overcome trial recruitment barriers for underserved groups are needed to improve the equity of care.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Release of Circulating Tumor and Mesenchymal Cells in No-Touch Radical Nephrectomy
Authors: Leitão Tito Palmela , Corredeira Patrícia , Rodrigues Carolina , Piairo Paulina , Miranda Miguel , Cavaco Ana , Kucharczak Sandra , Antunes Marília , Peixoto Sara , dos Reis José Palma , Lopes Tomé , Diéguez Lorena , Costa Luís
Published: October 2024

Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may be the missing renal cell carcinoma (RCC) biomarker. No-touch (NT) resection has shown benefit in several tumors. Methods: A randomized controlled trial comparing CTC and circulating mesenchymal cell (CMC) release in no-touch (NT) vs. conventional (C) laparoscopic RN. Blood samples were collected at operation room arrival (S0), specimen extraction (S1), postoperative D1, and D30. CTCs were isolated and analyzed using RUBYchip™. Results: Thirty-four patients were included. No significant differences were found between groups in CTC and CMC counts, count variations between time points, complications, and survival. The total circulating cell detection rates in the NT, C, and overall RCC groups were 58.3%, 80.0%, and 70.4% at S0; 41.6%, 86.7%, and 66.7% at S1; 50.0%, 64.3%, and 60.0% at D1; and 54.5%, 42.9%, and 44.0% at D30, respectively. A progressive decrease in CMCs was observed in the C group after surgery, especially at D1 (4.78 to 1.64 CMCs/7.5 mL blood, p = 0.035). Healthy controls had no circulating cells; however, high CMC counts were found in chronic inflammation controls and oncocytoma patients, with no significant difference from RCC patients (p = 0.460). Conclusions: NT RN did not reduce circulating cell release nor improve survival compared to C RN.
Voltage-Gated Ion Channel Compensatory Effect in DEE: Implications for Future Therapies
Authors: Shabani Khadijeh , Krupp Johannes , Lemesre Emilie , Lévy Nicolas , Tran Helene
Published: October 2024

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies (DEEs) represent a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of rare and severe epilepsies. DEEs commonly begin early in infancy with frequent seizures of various types associated with intellectual disability and leading to a neurodevelopmental delay or regression. Disease-causing genomic variants have been identified in numerous genes and are implicated in over 100 types of DEEs. In this context, genes encoding voltage-gated ion channels (VGCs) play a significant role, and part of the large phenotypic variability observed in DEE patients carrying VGC mutations could be explained by the presence of genetic modifier alleles that can compensate for these mutations. This review will focus on the current knowledge of the compensatory effect of DEE-associated voltage-gated ion channels and their therapeutic implications in DEE. We will enter into detailed considerations regarding the sodium channels SCN1A, SCN2A, and SCN8A; the potassium channels KCNA1, KCNQ2, and KCNT1; and the calcium channels CACNA1A and CACNA1G.
Autophagy Regulator Rufy 4 Promotes Osteoclastic Bone Resorption by Orchestrating Cytoskeletal Organization via Its RUN Domain
Authors: Sakai Eiko , Saito Minoru , Koyanagi Yu , Takayama Yoshitsugu , Farhana Fatima , Yamaguchi Yu , Tsukuba Takayuki
Published: October 2024

Rufy4, a protein belonging to the RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein family, participates in various cellular processes such as autophagy and intracellular trafficking. However, its role in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the expression and role of the Rufy4 gene in osteoclasts using small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection and gene overexpression systems. Our findings revealed a significant increase in Rufy4 expression during osteoclast differentiation. Silencing Rufy4 enhanced osteoclast differentiation, intracellular cathepsin K levels, and formation of axial protrusive structures but suppressed bone resorption. Conversely, overexpressing wild-type Rufy4 in osteoclasts hindered differentiation while promoting podosome formation and bone resorption. Similarly, overexpression of a Rufy4 variant lacking the RUN domain mimics the effects of Rufy4 knockdown, significantly increasing intracellular cathepsin K levels, promoting osteoclastogenesis, and elongated axial protrusions formation, yet inhibiting bone resorption. These findings indicate that Rufy4 plays a critical role in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by regulating the cytoskeletal organization through its RUN domain. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms governing osteoclast activity and underscores Rufy4’s potential as a novel therapeutic target for bone disorders characterized by excessive bone resorption.
Dual Roles of microRNA-122 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Breast Cancer Progression and Metastasis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Al Ageeli Essam
Published: October 2024

microRNA-122 (miR-122) plays crucial yet contrasting roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and breast cancer (BC), two prevalent and aggressive malignancies. This review synthesizes current research on miR-122’s functions in these cancers, focusing on its potential as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic target. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. In HCC, miR-122 is downregulated in most cases, suppressing oncogenic pathways and reducing tumor growth and metastasis. Restoring miR-122 levels has shown promising therapeutic potential, increasing sensitivity to treatments like sorafenib. In contrast, in BC, miR-122 plays a pro-metastatic role, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and metastatic lesions. miR-122′s ability to influence key pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways in HCC, and its role in enhancing the Warburg effect in BC underline its significance in cancer biology. miR-122, a key factor in breast cancer radioresistance, suppresses tumors in radiosensitive cells. Inhibiting miR-122 could reverse resistance and potentially overcome radiotherapy resistance. Given its context-dependent functions, miR-122 could serve as a potential therapeutic target, where restoring or inhibiting its expression may help in treating HCC and BC, respectively. The dual roles of miR-122 underscore its significance in cancer biology and its potential in precision medicine.
Identifying Herbal Candidates and Active Compounds for Psoriasis Through Multiscale Network Analysis
Authors: Kim Gi-Beom , Lee Su-Yeon , Shin Soon-Woo , Jo Il-Joo , Kim Ji-Hwan , Lee Seungho , Lee Won-Yung
Published: October 2024

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and immune system dysregulation, with significant needs due to the limitations and adverse effects of current treatments. In this study, we sought to discover novel herbal candidates and their active compounds for psoriasis by leveraging a multiscale network analysis. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of data from 348 medicinal herbs and their active compounds, identifying Piperis longi fructus, Pini koraiensis semen, Schisandrae fructus, and Cnidi fructus as top candidates without reported evidence. Key active compounds, such as piperine, piperlongumine, α-humulene, schizandrin A, schizandrin II, and torilin, were prioritized for their ability to target psoriasis-associated proteins, including STAT3, TNF, IL-6, and NF-κB. These compounds are involved in the modulation of critical inflammatory pathways, notably the MAPK signaling cascade, which plays a central role in psoriasis pathogenesis. Our findings suggest that these herbal compounds may not only mitigate inflammation but also regulate keratinocyte hyperproliferation, addressing fundamental mechanisms underlying the disease. This approach highlights the utility of multiscale network analysis in identifying promising natural therapies, offering new insights and potential avenues for safer and more effective psoriasis management.
Inorganic Salts as Chemical Foam Suppressors
Authors: Raykundaliya Niravkumar , Karakashev Stoyan I. , Parsana Vyomesh M. , Grozev Nikolay A. , Mircheva Kristina , Ivanova-Stancheva Dilyana
Published: October 2024

Can the foamability of surfactant aqueous solutions be controlled chemically? Well-known antifoams can prevent foaming by inducing the coalescence of the bubbles, but can the surfactants be deactivated chemically? If yes, how does this affect the surface tension of their aqueous solutions and their foaming capacity? To shed a light on these fundamental questions, we chose a well-known surfactant containing in its molecule a sulfate group (Sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and mixed it with BaCl2, (the solubility of BaSO4 is 0.245 mg/100 mL water, T = 20 °C), Pb(NO3)2 (the solubility of PbSO4 is 40.4 mg/100 mL water, T = 25 °C) and FeCl3 (the solubility of Fe2(SO4)3 is 25.6 g/100 mL water, T = 20 °C) at different molar ratios (MXn/SDS): 1/2, 1/1, 2/1, 4/1. The results were surprising: in the case of BaCl2, despite being in stoichiometric molar ratio with SDS (BaCl2 + 2SDS -> Ba(DS)2 + 2 NaCl), or in excess of BaCl2, which should convert the whole amount of SDS into a sediment, the surface tension value remained significantly lower than that of the single surfactant. At the same time, foamability was either low or absent. It therefore appears that all of the surfactants should be converted into a sediment with very small solubility, but the low surface tension indicates the opposite. The lack of foamability indicated the opposite of that opposite. With Pb(NO3)2 and FeCl3, the results are even stranger. The surface tension values are substantially smaller than those of the single surfactants, and at the same time, low foamability or lack of foamability was observed. It appears that the surfactant exists and at the same time does not exist in the aqueous solution. Where is the truth? Future studies will shed a light.
Optimization of the Small Wind Turbine Design—Performance Analysis
Authors: Jaszczur Marek , Borowski Marek , Halibart Joanna , Zwolińska-Glądys Klaudia , Marczak Patryk
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, the intensive development of renewable energy technology has been observed as a great alternative to conventional energy sources. Solutions aimed at individual customers, which can be used directly in places where electricity is required, are of particular interest. Small wind turbines pose a special challenge because their design must be adapted to environmental conditions, including low wind speed or variability in its direction. The research study presented in this paper considers the energy efficiency of a small wind turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation. Three key design parameters were analyzed: the shape and inclination of the turbine blades and additional confusor–diffuser shape casings. The tests were carried out for three conceptual variants: a confusor before the turbine, a diffuser after the turbine, and a confusor–diffuser combination. Studies have shown that changing the shape of the blade can increase the analyzed wind turbine power by up to 35%, while changing the blade inclination can cause an increase of up to 16% compared to the initial installation position and a 66% increase in power when comparing the extreme inclination of the blades of the tested turbine. The study has shown that to increase the wind speed, the best solution is to use a confusor–diffuser configuration, which, with increased length, can increase the air velocity by up to 21%.
A New Aspect of Predator–Prey Dynamics: The Case of a Livestock Guardian Dog Predating upon an Invasive Coypu in Lake Kerkini, Greece
Authors: Zevgolis Yiannis G. , Kotselis Christos , Kouris Alexandros D. , Christopoulos Apostolos
Published: October 2024

Invasive alien species frequently encounter limited natural predation pressure in their non-native ranges, which can contribute significantly to their unchecked proliferation and adverse ecological impacts. Here, we document a novel instance of a livestock guardian dog preying upon an adult coypu (Myocastor coypus) in Lake Kerkini, Greece—a significant observation given the coypu’s status as a prominent invasive species with few natural predators in Europe. The coypu’s presence in the region, coupled with the absence of effective predation among others, has allowed it to establish a robust population and exert considerable pressure on local ecosystems. This novel observation not only highlights an unusual predator–prey interaction involving a domestic mammal traditionally used for livestock management but also provides insights into understanding how domestic animals might inadvertently influence the dynamics of invasive species, potentially serving as a complementary tool in conservation management. By demonstrating that domestic dogs could play a role in controlling invasive species populations, our findings introduce a previously unconsidered aspect of invasive species management with conservation implications.
Surgical Considerations in Treating Central Nervous System Lymphomas: A Case Series of 11 Patients
Authors: Toader Corneliu , Dumitru Adrian Vasile , Radoi Mugurel Petrinel , Glavan Luca-Andrei , Ilie Milena-Monica , Covache-Busuioc Razvan-Adrian , Buica Vlad , Corlatescu Antonio-Daniel , Costin Horia-Petre , Crivoi Carla , Ciurea Alexandru Vlad
Published: October 2024

In this retrospective unicentric study, we analyzed the medical records of 11 patients who were surgically treated for CNS lymphoma, both primary and secondary, between 2009 and 2024. Given the rarity of CNS lymphomas and their diverse signs and symptoms based on tumoral location, our aim was to describe key aspects, such as clinical presentations and surgical management. A possible relationship between obesity and CNS lymphoma progression was investigated through an analysis of previous study findings. The literature suggests a wide spectrum of manifestations, from nausea and headaches to loss of equilibrium and speech impairment. A predominance of unsystematized balance disorders and epileptic seizures were affirmed. Notably, as emerged from our study, aphasia was a particularly interesting neurological symptom due to its rarity in the clinical features of CNSL. Other significant factors, such as tumor localization and perioperative phases, were thoroughly investigated, with the latter highlighted by an illustrative case report. Additionally, a literature review was included, comprising nine recent retrospective studies on the efficacy of surgical resection for patients diagnosed with PCNSL.
Habitat Fragmentation Affects Richness—A View Through a Metacommunity Lens
Authors: Marchesan Jessica , Kolasa Jurek
Published: October 2024

Habitat fragmentation is often assumed to negatively impact species diversity because smaller, more isolated populations on smaller habitat patches are at a higher extinction risk. However, some empirical and theoretical studies suggest that landscapes with numerous small habitat patches may support higher species richness, although the circumstances remain elusive. We used an agent-based metacommunity model to investigate this and simulate landscapes of the same total area but diverse patch sizes. Our model, as generic and unbiased by specific assumptions as possible, aimed to explore which circumstances may be more conducive to supporting higher biodiversity. To this end, most parameters and behaviors were random. The model included generalized species traits, dispersal, and interactions to explore species richness dynamics in fragmented landscapes of distinct patch sizes. Our results show that landscapes with many small patches maintain higher species richness than those with fewer large patches. Moreover, the relationship between patch connectivity and species richness is more pronounced in landscapes with smaller patches. High connectivity in these landscapes may support species diversity by preventing local extinctions and facilitating recolonization. In contrast, connectivity is less significant in large-patch landscapes, where generalist species dominate. The findings highlight the complex interplay between patch size quality, connectivity, species traits, and diverse interactions among species in determining species richness. We suggest the patterns produced by the model represent null predictions and may be useful as a reference for a diversity of more specialized questions and predictions. These insights may also have specific implications for conservation strategies, suggesting that maintaining a mosaic of small, well-connected patches could enhance biodiversity in fragmented landscapes.
Benthic Community Metrics Track Hydrologically Stressed Mangrove Systems
Authors: Demopoulos Amanda W. J. , Bourque Jill R. , McClain-Counts Jennifer P. , Cormier Nicole , Krauss Ken W.
Published: October 2024

Mangrove restoration efforts have increased in order to help combat their decline globally. While restoration efforts often focus on planting seedlings, underlying chronic issues, including disrupted hydrological regimes, can hinder restoration success. While improving hydrology may be more cost-effective and have higher success rates than planting seedlings alone, hydrological restoration success in this form is poorly understood. Restoration assessments can employ a functional equivalency approach, comparing restoration areas over time with natural, reference forests in order to quantify the relative effectiveness of different restoration approaches. Here, we employ the use of baseline community ecology metrics along with stable isotopes to track changes in the community and trophic structure and enable time estimates for establishing mangrove functional equivalency. We examined a mangrove system impacted by road construction and recently targeted for hydrological restoration within the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Florida, USA. Samples were collected along a gradient of degradation, from a heavily degraded zone, with mostly dead trees, to a transition zone, with a high number of saplings, to a full canopy zone, with mature trees, and into a reference zone with dense, mature mangrove trees. The transition, full canopy, and reference zones were dominated by annelids, gastropods, isopods, and fiddler crabs. Diversity was lower in the dead zone; these taxa were enriched in 13C relative to those found in all the other zones, indicating a shift in the dominant carbon source from mangrove detritus (reference zone) to algae (dead zone). Community-wide isotope niche metrics also distinguished zones, likely reflecting dominant primary food resources (baseline organic matter) present. Our results suggest that stable isotope niche metrics provide a useful tool for tracking mangrove degradation gradients. These baseline data provide critical information on the ecosystem functioning in mangrove habitats following hydrological restoration.
Development of Self-Help Lifting Pads for Elderly People with Difficulty in Sitting Up
Authors: Jitanan Manatee , Saeng-iam Kamphon , Wirojsakunchai Ekathai , Kakaew Kuanchai , Lalitpasan Usanee
Published: October 2024

As individuals age, physiological changes can make it increasingly difficult to sit up unassisted. This study aimed to develop ergonomic self-help lifting pads to aid elderly individuals. The first phase involved constructing the pads and a needs assessment with elderly participants and caregivers to survey the physical dimensions and requirements for the design. The second phase focused on cost, engineering, and usage efficiency. Cost efficiency was analyzed using descriptive statistics, engineering efficiency was assessed through testing seat cushion, force reduction, and electrical safety, and usage efficiency was evaluated with participants aged 40 to 50 years. Results from the first phase indicated that the pads should be at least 53.15 cm wide and 153 cm long, with a need for relaxation and affordability. In the second phase, prototype pads were developed according to these specifications. A cost analysis showed that while the manual pad was more expensive than comparable products, the other variants were more cost-effective. Engineering tests confirmed that the cushions met ASTM D3574 standards and that the electrical components conformed to IEC 60335 standards. Usage efficiency ratings were the highest for the massage system pad. Participant feedback indicated longer pads, more convenient controls, and increased cushion comfort, guiding the development of the second version.
Different Pathways of Skin Aging: Objective Instrumental Evaluation
Authors: Musolff Noah , Cantisani Carmen , Guida Stefania , Michelini Simone , Tchack Madeline , Rao Babar , Pellacani Giovanni
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Hypertrophic and atrophic skin aging represent two distinct phenotypes: hypertrophic aging is marked by deep wrinkles and a leathery texture, whereas atrophic aging is characterized by overall skin thinning, increased vascularity, and a higher risk of non-melanoma skin cancers. This study aims to elucidate the characteristics and differences between hypertrophic and atrophic facial aging subtypes using two non-invasive imaging devices: VISIA® and dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who had presented to the outpatient dermatological clinic at Policlinico Umberto I hospital in Rome, Italy for a non-invasive facial imaging check-up. We included 40 patients aged 60–75 who were imaged with VISIA® and dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT). Based on the number of UV spots and amount of red found on VISIA®, subjects were grouped into four subgroups (PIGM, RED, CONTROL, PIGM + RED), and trends among them were analyzed. Results: We found a strong correlation between VISIA® red area scores and D-OCT vascular density at 300 µm depth, confirming VISIA®’s effectiveness for assessing facial vascularity. Wrinkle count was highest in areas with UV spots, particularly in the PIGM and PIGM + RED groups. Conversely, low attenuation coefficients and dermal density were observed in regions with low UV spots but high red areas. Intermediate subgroups (CONTROL and PIGM + RED) displayed varying parameters. Conclusions: Non-invasive imaging devices are effective in evaluating facial aging and distinguishing between aging subtypes. This study identified two intermediate aging types in addition to the hypertrophic and atrophic subtypes.
Different Manifestations of Persistent Sciatic Artery and Possible Treatment Options: A Series of Four Cases
Authors: Cacioppa Laura Maria , Rosati Marzia , Macchini Marco , Rossini Nicolo’ , Boscarato Pietro , Vento Vincenzo , Vocaturo Matteo , Coppola Andrea , Paci Enrico , Candelari Roberto , Floridi Chiara
Published: October 2024

Persistent sciatic artery (PSA) is a rare vascular anomaly classified into five types according to the Pillet and Gauffre classification system. Although PSA may be detected as an incidental finding, symptomatic cases account for approximately 80% of all cases and have variable clinical presentations. Due to the frequent ischemic and aneurysmal complications, PSAs can lead to limb-threatening conditions requiring prompt identification and adequate treatment management. In this paper, we present a series of four cases of PSA with extremely different anatomical characteristics, patients’ ages, medical histories and clinical presentations. All cases were diagnosed in our institution and managed after multidisciplinary discussions involving vascular surgeons and interventional radiologists. The series included three women and one man. In two cases, one of which included gluteal and back pain, pulsatile masses were found. Two patients had lower-limb chronic ischemia, one with rest pain and one with IIb claudication. Whereas selective angiography was performed only in endovascular approaches, computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed on all patients as the decisive diagnostic modality. In our series, treatment strategies were selected on the basis of clinical and anatomical factors, and after the evaluation of the potential risks and benefits of each technique. Treatment was medical in two cases, endovascular in one case and hybrid in one case.
Mapping Data to Concepts: Enhancing Quantum Neural Network Transparency with Concept-Driven Quantum Neural Networks
Authors: Tian Jinkai , Yang Wenjing
Published: October 2024

We introduce the concept-driven quantum neural network (CD-QNN), an innovative architecture designed to enhance the interpretability of quantum neural networks (QNNs). CD-QNN merges the representational capabilities of QNNs with the transparency of self-explanatory models by mapping input data into a human-understandable concept space and making decisions based on these concepts. The algorithmic design of CD-QNN is comprehensively analyzed, detailing the roles of the concept generator, feature extractor, and feature integrator in improving and balancing model expressivity and interpretability. Experimental results demonstrate that CD-QNN maintains high predictive accuracy while offering clear and meaningful explanations of its decision-making process. This paradigm shift in QNN design underscores the growing importance of interpretability in quantum artificial intelligence, positioning CD-QNN and its derivative technologies as pivotal in advancing reliable and interpretable quantum intelligent systems for future research and applications.
Stealthy Vehicle Adversarial Camouflage Texture Generation Based on Neural Style Transfer
Authors: Cai Wei , Di Xingyu , Wang Xin , Gao Weijie , Jia Haoran
Published: October 2024

Adversarial attacks that mislead deep neural networks (DNNs) into making incorrect predictions can also be implemented in the physical world. However, most of the existing adversarial camouflage textures that attack object detection models only consider the effectiveness of the attack, ignoring the stealthiness of adversarial attacks, resulting in the generated adversarial camouflage textures appearing abrupt to human observers. To address this issue, we propose a style transfer module added to an adversarial texture generation framework. By calculating the style loss between the texture and the specified style image, the adversarial texture generated by the model is guided to have good stealthiness and is not easily detected by DNNs and human observers in specific scenes. Experiments have shown that in both the digital and physical worlds, the vehicle full coverage adversarial camouflage texture we create has good stealthiness and can effectively fool advanced DNN object detectors while evading human observers in specific scenes.
Demystification of Readiness, Security, and Technological Enhancements in the Adoption of a Cashless Economy
Authors: Susanto Heru , Tamtini Noor , Ibrahim Fahmi , Susanto Alifya Kayla Shafa , Setiana Desi , Yie Leu Fang
Published: October 2024

The adoption of a cashless economy was accelerated globally by the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Brunei Darussalam was not excluded from this trend, as pandemic-related restrictions were implemented to ensure the safety of its population. In light of the COVID-19 crisis, this research paper examines the factors influencing the readiness and acceptance of a cashless economy among working society in Brunei Darussalam. The integrated concepts of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology Readiness Index (TRI) are applied to examine perceptions impacting their acceptance and readiness to continue adopting a cashless economy. The methodology includes a literature review and the use of secondary data from government reports and industry publications. A quantitative approach is employed, utilizing an online survey to collect non-probability samples from 212respondents. The main instruments used in the survey are structured questionnaires. The study’s findings show that factors such as the assessment of payment modes, technological development, digital literacy, knowledge, regulatory policies, and security concerns significantly affect working society’s perceptions, readiness, and acceptance of a cashless economy. These results provide insights for policymakers and stakeholders on the key factors influencing continued cashlessness adoption and shaping societal behavior towards cashless payments.