bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Dual-Site Carbon Monoxide Electro-Catalysts via Interfacial Nano-Engineering
Authors: Liu Zhen , Huang Zhongyuan , Cheng Feifei , Guo Zhanhu , Wang Guangdi , Chen Xu , Wang Zhe
Published: September 2016

Durable, highly efficient, and economic sound electrocatalysts for CO electrooxidation (COE) are the emerging key for wide variety of energy solutions, especially fuel cells and rechargeable metal−air batteries. Herein, we report the novel system of nickel−aluminum double layered hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) nanoplates on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) network. The formulation of such complexes system was to be induced through the assistance of gold nanoparticles in order to form dual-metal active sites so as to create a extended Au/NiO two phase zone. Bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NTf2) anion of ionic liquid electrolyte was selected to enhance the CO/O2 adsorption and to facilitate electro-catalyzed oxidation of Ni (OH)2 to NiOOH by increasing the electrophilicity of catalytic interface. The resulting neutral catalytic system exhibited ultra-high electrocatalytic activity and stability for CO electrooxidation than commercial and other reported precious metal catalysts. The turnover frequency (TOF) of the LDH-Au/CNTs COE catalyst was much higher than the previous reported other similar electrocatalysts, even close to the activity of solid-gas chemical catalysts at high temperature. Moreover, in the long-term durability testing, the negligible variation of current density remains exsisting after 1000 electrochemistry cycles.
Realizing Tao-Thouless-like state in fractional quantum spin Hall effect
Authors: Liu Chen-Rong , Guo Yao-Wu , Li Zhuo-Jun , Li Wei , Chen Yan
Published: September 2016

The quest for exotic quantum states of matter has become one of the most challenging tasks in modern condensed matter communications. Interplay between topology and strong electron-electron interactions leads to lots of fascinating effects since the discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect. Here, we theoretically study the Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling effect on a fractional quantum spin Hall system by means of finite size exact diagonalization. Numerical evidences from the ground degeneracies, states evolutions, entanglement spectra, and static structure factor calculations demonstrate that non-trivial fractional topological Tao-Thouless-like quantum state can be realized in the fractional quantum spin Hall effect in a thin torus geometric structure by tuning the strength of spin-orbit coupling. Furthermore, the experimental realization of the Tao-Thouless-like state as well as its evolution in optical lattices are also proposed. The importance of this prediction provides significant insight into the realization of exotic topological quantum states in optical lattice, and also opens a route for exploring the exotic quantum states in condensed matters in future.
IL-18BP is decreased in osteoporotic women: Prevents Inflammasome mediated IL-18 activation and reduces Th17 differentiation
Authors: Mansoori Mohd Nizam , Shukla Priyanka , Kakaji Manisha , Tyagi Abdul M , Srivastava Kamini , Shukla Manoj , Dixit Manisha , Kureel Jyoti , Gupta Sushil , Singh Divya
Published: September 2016

IL-18BP is a natural antagonist of pro-inflammatory IL-18 cytokine linked to autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis. However, its role in post menopausal osteoporosis is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-18BP on murine osteoblasts, its effect on osteoblasts-CD4+ T cells and osteoblasts-CD11b+ macrophage co-culture. mIL-18BPd enhances osteoblast differentiation and inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 which process IL-18 to its active form. Using estrogen deficient mice, we also determined the effect of mIL-18BP on various immune and skeletal parameters. Ovariectomized mice treated with mIL-18BPd exhibited decrease in Th17/Treg ratio and pro-inflammatory cytokines. mIL-18BPd treatment restored trabecular microarchitecture, preserved cortical bone parameters likely attributed to an increased number of bone lining cells and reduced osteoclastogenesis. Importantly, these results were corroborated in female osteoporotic subjects where decreased serum IL-18BP levels and enhanced serum IL-18 levels were observed. Our study forms a strong basis for using humanized IL-18BP towards the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Carbon wrapped hierarchical Li3V2(PO4)3 microspheres for high performance lithium ion batteries
Authors: Liang Shuquan , Tan Qinguang , Xiong Wei , Tang Yan , Tan Xiaoping , Huang Linjun , Pan Anqiang , Cao Guozhong
Published: September 2016

Nanomaterials are extensively studied in electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems because of their structural advantages. However, their volumetric energy density still needs improvement due to the high surface area, especially the carbon based nanocomposites. Constructing hierarchical micro-scaled materials from closely stacked subunits is proposed as an effective way to solve the problem. In this work, Li3V2(PO4)3@carbon hierarchical microspheres are prepared by a solvothermal reaction and subsequent annealing. Hierarchical Li3V2(PO4)3 structures with different subunits are obtained with the aid of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). Moreover, excessive PVP interconnect and form PVP-based hydrogels, which later convert into conductive carbon layer on the surface of Li3V2(PO4)3 microspheres during the annealing process. As a cathode material for lithium ion batteries, the 3D carbon wrapped Li3V2(PO4)3 hierarchical microspheres exhibit high rate capability and excellent cycling stability. The electrode has the capacity retention of 80% after 5000 cycles even at 50C.
Double Negativity in 3D Space Coiling Metamaterials
Authors: Maurya Santosh K. , Pandey Abhishek , Shukla Shobha , Saxena Sumit
Published: September 2016

Metamaterials displaying negative refractive index has remarkable potential to facilitate the manipulation of incident waves for wide variety of applications such as cloaking, superlensing and the like. Space-coiling approach is a recently explored technique to achieve extreme properties. The space coiling phenomena cause less energy absorption as compared to local resonating phenomena for obtaining extreme parameters. Here we show extreme properties in doubly negative 3D space coiling acoustic metamaterials. Frequency dispersive spectrum of extreme constitutive parameters has been calculated for 2D maze and 3D space coiling labyrinthine structure. This is in good agreement to the calculated acoustic band dispersion.
Driving forces of soil bacterial community structure, diversity, and function in temperate grasslands and forests
Authors: Kaiser Kristin , Wemheuer Bernd , Korolkow Vera , Wemheuer Franziska , Nacke Heiko , Schöning Ingo , Schrumpf Marion , Daniel Rolf
Published: September 2016

Soil bacteria provide a large range of ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling. Despite their important role in soil systems, compositional and functional responses of bacterial communities to different land use and management regimes are not fully understood. Here, we assessed soil bacterial communities in 150 forest and 150 grassland soils derived from three German regions by pyrotag sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Land use type (forest and grassland) and soil edaphic properties strongly affected bacterial community structure and function, whereas management regime had a minor effect. In addition, a separation of soil bacterial communities by sampling region was encountered. Soil pH was the best predictor for bacterial community structure, diversity and function. The application of multinomial log-linear models revealed distinct responses of abundant bacterial groups towards pH. Predicted functional profiles revealed that differences in land use not only select for distinct bacterial populations but also for specific functional traits. The combination of 16S rRNA data and corresponding functional profiles provided comprehensive insights into compositional and functional adaptations to changing environmental conditions associated with differences in land use and management.
An immunomagnetic separation based fluorescence immunoassay for rapid myoglobin quantification in human blood
Authors: Wang Yi , Sun Hongmei , Li Rui , Ke Peng , Zhu Hongda , Guo Huiling , Liu Mingxing , Sun Honghao
Published: September 2016

Sensitive detection of myoglobin (Myo) in human blood using Myo antibodies 7C3 and 4E2 conjugated to magnetic nanoparticle and fluorescent silica nanoparticle bound Rhodamine Red-X was developed.
A supramolecular fluorescent vesicle based on a coordinating aggregation induced emission amphiphile: insight into the role of electrical charge in cancer cell division
Authors: Li Jie , Shi Kangjie , Drechsler Markus , Tang Ben Zhong , Huang Jianbin , Yan Yun
Published: September 2016

Coordination of Zn2+ triggers increased electrical charge of a fluorescent vesicle which further drives fission of the vesicle.
Ethylene decomposition on Ir(111): initial path to graphene formation
Authors: Tetlow Holly , Posthuma de Boer Joel , Ford Ian J. , Vvedensky Dimitri D. , Curcio Davide , Omiciuolo Luca , Lizzit Silvano , Baraldi Alessandro , Kantorovich Lev
Published: September 2016

The complete mechanism behind the thermal decomposition of ethylene (C2H4) on Ir(111), which is the first step of graphene growth, is established for the first time employing a combination of experimental and theoretical methods.
Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer and conformational relaxation in 4′-N,N-dimethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone doped in acetonitrile crystals
Authors: Furukawa Kazuki , Yamamoto Norifumi , Hino Kazuyuki , Sekiya Hiroshi
Published: September 2016

Excited-state dynamics of 4′-N,N-dimethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone doped in acetonitrile crystals has been investigated by using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.
Direct photoisomerization of CH2I2vs. CHBr3 in the gas phase: a joint 50 fs experimental and multireference resonance-theoretical study
Authors: Borin Veniamin A. , Matveev Sergey M. , Budkina Darya S. , El-Khoury Patrick Z. , Tarnovsky Alexander N.
Published: September 2016

Photoisomerization: a new way of thinking about a longstanding problem concerning UV photochemical decomposition of alkyl di- and polyhalides in the gas phase.
Effective medium theory for the conductivity of disordered metallic nanowire networks
Authors: O'Callaghan Colin , Gomes da Rocha Claudia , Manning Hugh G. , Boland John J. , Ferreira Mauro S.
Published: September 2016

An analytical model with dependance on all important underlying parameters to calculate the electrical properties of nanowire networks is presented.
Metal borohydride formation from aluminium boride and metal hydrides
Authors: Møller Kasper T. , Fogh Alexander S. , Paskevicius Mark , Skibsted Jørgen , Jensen Torben R.
Published: September 2016

Formation and quantification of metal borohydrides at high pressure, p(H2) = 600 bar, and elevated temperature from AlB2-MHx (M = Li, Na, Mg, Ca) composites.
Effect of Mo/Ce ratio in Mo–Ce–Al catalysts on the hydrogen production by steam reforming of glycerol
Authors: Mitran Gheorghiţa , Pavel Octavian Dumitru , Mieritz Daniel G. , Seo Dong-Kyun , Florea Mihaela
Published: September 2016

Alumina-supported molybdena–ceria catalysts were prepared by a sol–gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 sorptometry, UV-vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, SEM and TEM.
Cuboctahedral vs. octahedral platinum nanoclusters: insights into the shape-dependent catalytic activity for fuel cell applications
Authors: Mahata Arup , Rawat Kuber Singh , Choudhuri Indrani , Pathak Biswarup
Published: September 2016

The shape of a catalyst plays an important role in any catalytic reaction.
Metal-free regioselective tandem synthesis of diversely substituted benzimidazo-fused polyheterocycles in aqueous medium
Authors: Mishra Pawan K. , Verma Akhilesh K.
Published: September 2016

An efficient metal-free approach for the synthesis of benzimidazo-fused polyheterocycles in water.
Speciation analysis of silver sulfide nanoparticles in environmental waters by magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with ICP-MS
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxia , Liu Jingfu , Yuan Chungang , Chen Yongsheng
Published: September 2016

This work presents magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with ICP-MS for speciation analysis of silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S NPs).
Heterotypic 3D tumor culture in a reusable platform using pneumatic microfluidics
Authors: Liu Wenming , Tian Chang , Yan Mingming , Zhao Lei , Ma Chao , Li Tianbao , Xu Juan , Wang Jinyi
Published: September 2016

We present a microfluidic platform reusable for culturing various heterotypic and homotypic 3D tumors with spatiotemporal and high-throughput control.
Analysis of the distribution of organic compounds and drugs between biological tissues in the framework of solute partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems
Authors: Ferreira Luisa A. , Uversky Vladimir N. , Zaslavsky Boris Y.
Published: September 2016

Distribution of organic compounds between different biological tissues may be considered in the framework of solute partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems.
Copper(ii) hydrazone complexes with different nuclearities and geometries: synthetic methods and ligand substituent effects
Authors: Vrdoljak Višnja , Pavlović Gordana , Maltar-Strmečki Nadica , Cindrić Marina
Published: September 2016

The effect of synthetic methods on the nuclearity and geometry of copper(ii) complexes with aroylhydrazones was investigated. Thermally induced structural transformations of dinuclear complexes under solvent-free conditions are also described.
A dopamine-modulated nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot fluorescence sensor for the detection of glutathione in biological samples
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Gong Yan , Fan Zhefeng
Published: September 2016

A dopamine-modulated nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot (N-GQD) system was explored to develop a fluorescent sensor based on a chemical redox mechanism for the facile, sensitive and selective detection of glutathione (GSH) in biological samples.
Correction: Hot off the press
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: September 2016

Correction for ‘Hot off the press’ by Robert A. Hill et al., Nat. Prod. Rep., 2016, DOI: 10.1039/c6np90039a.
Conformational studies of 10–23 DNAzyme in solution through pyrenyl-labeled 2′-deoxyadenosine derivatives
Authors: Li Zhiwen , Zhu Junfei , He Junlin
Published: September 2016

Diverse pyrenyl–pyrenyl pairs in 10–23 DNAzyme complexes were used to explore the folding of the catalytic core in solution.
Novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIPs) derivatives as anticancer compounds targeting DNA in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Kopsida Maria , Barron Gemma A. , Bermano Giovanna , Kong Thoo Lin Paul , Goua Marie
Published: September 2016

Chemical and biological properties of novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl derivatives.
Cross-benzoin and Stetter-type reactions mediated by KOtBu-DMF via an electron-transfer process
Authors: Ragno Daniele , Zaghi Anna , Di Carmine Graziano , Giovannini Pier Paolo , Bortolini Olga , Fogagnolo Marco , Molinari Alessandra , Venturini Alessandro , Massi Alessandro
Published: September 2016

The KOtBu-DMF system promotes benzoin- and Stetter-like reactions of alpha-diketone donors through a double electron-transfer-based mechanism.
Enantioselective total synthesis of the highly selective sphingosine-1-receptor VPC01091 by the Heck desymmetrization of a non-activated cyclopentene-fused spiro-pyrrolidinone
Authors: Khan Ismat Ullah , Kattela Shivashankar , Hassan Abbas , Correia Carlos Roque Duarte
Published: September 2016

The total synthesis of VPC01091 was accomplished in a concise manner, in a good overall yield of 40% from ethyl nitroacetate and 94% ee.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed ortho-alkenylation using a cyclic N-phosphoryl ketimine as the directing group
Authors: Zhu Yu-Qin , Qin Liu , Song Qiang , Su Fu , Xu Yan-Jun , Dong Lin
Published: September 2016

A novel cyclicN-phosphoryl ketimine structure can efficiently react with olefins as useful directing groups to construct a myriad of phosphate scaffoldsviarhodium(iii)-catalyzedortho-alkenylation.
Determination of anisomycin in tissues and serum by LC-MS/MS: application to pharmacokinetic and distribution studies in rats
Authors: Tolić Ljiljana , Grujić Svetlana , Mojović Miloš , Jovanović Miloš , Lubec Gert , Bačić Goran , Laušević Mila
Published: September 2016

The first study on anisomycin pharmacokinetics in rats using a new preparation method for tissues and serum and LC-MS/MS analysis.
Stabilized enzyme immobilization on micron-size PSt–GMA microspheres: different methods to improve the carriers' surface biocompatibility
Authors: Peng Gang , Hou Xiaohui , Liu Bailing , Chen Hualin , Luo Rong
Published: September 2016

Stabilized immobilization of biomacromolecules on carriers with appropriate orientation and minimum conformational changes is very important in the biochemical and biomedical fields.
First principles study of silicene symmetrically and asymmetrically functionalized with halogen atoms
Authors: Tang Wencheng , Sun Minglei , Ren Qingqiang , Zhang Yajun , Wang Sake , Yu Jin
Published: September 2016

Using first principles calculations, we predicted that a direct-band-gap between 0.98 and 2.13 eV can be obtained in silicene by symmetrically and asymmetrically (Janus) functionalisation with halogen atoms and applying elastic tensile strain.
Eco-friendly polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanofiber–Li+composite separator for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Chuanting , Shao Ziqiang , Wang Jianquan , Lu Chengyi , Wang Zhenhua
Published: September 2016

A PVA/CNF–Li composite separator presented excellent porosity, ionic conductivity, electrolyte wettability, thermal stability and remarkable cycling ability.
A pH-responsive poly(ether amine) micelle with hollow structure for controllable drug release
Authors: He Haozhe , Ren Yanrong , Wang Zhanfeng , Xie Zhigang
Published: September 2016

A pH-responsive poly(ether amine) micelle with hollow structure was developed for controllable drug release.
Thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1) as modifier agent for TiO2 nanoparticles and the optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of poly(vinyl chloride) composite films
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Sadaty Marzieh Adnany
Published: September 2016

In the present investigation, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were used for improving the thermal, mechanical and optical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix.
Application of biological-based nano and nano magnetic catalysts in the preparation of arylbispyranylmethanes
Authors: Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Navazeni Monireh , Yarie Meysam , Ayazi-Nasrabadi Roya
Published: September 2016

Nano 2-carbamoylhydrazine-1-sulfonic acid, carbamoylsulfamic acid and their related nano magnetic core–shell catalysts as biological-based nano catalysts with a urea moiety were used in the synthesis of arylbispyranylmethanes.
Application of cathode modified by reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole to enhance anammox activity
Authors: Qiao Sen , Yin Xin , Zhou Jiti
Published: September 2016

In this paper, a modified carbon felt (serving as the cathode) prepared by coating reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with polypyrrole (PPy) was applied in an electrode-anammox reactor.
Influence of mixed CTABr–C16E20 nanoparticles on relative counterion binding constants in aqueous solutions of inert salts (2-NaOC6H4CO2Na and NaBr): kinetic and rheometric study
Authors: Fagge Ibrahim I. , Khalid Khalisanni , Noh M. Azri M. , Yusof Nor Saadah M. , Zain Sharifuddin Md , Khan M. Niyaz
Published: September 2016

A semi-empirical kinetic technique has been used to obtain the ratios of pure CTABr (cationic nanoparticle) and mixed CTABr–C16E20 (cationic–nonionic nanoparticle) micellar binding constants of counterions X and Br, KX/KBr (=KBrX or RBrX) for X = salicylate ion.
Controllable synthesis of nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres with dopamine as precursor for CO2 capture
Authors: Xia Kechan , Yu Yifeng , Li Yunqian , Li Shuhui , Wang Yuying , Wang Guoxu , Zhang Hongliang , Chen Aibing
Published: September 2016

Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres are synthesized by using dopamine as carbon and nitrogen sources and tetraethyl orthosilicate as structure-assistant agent.
A novel combined method of thin-film evaporation and a supercritical carbon dioxide technique to prepare a fluorescent siRNA-liposome
Authors: Li Lielie , An Xueqin
Published: September 2016

A novel folate-DTX/siRNA-liposome (FDSL) was prepared by a combined method of thin-film evaporation and supercritical carbon dioxide technique.
Multi-stimuli responsive fluorescent behaviors of a donor–π–acceptor phenothiazine modified benzothiazole derivative
Authors: Zhan Yong , Zhao Jinyu , Yang Peng , Ye Wenjing
Published: September 2016

Donor–π–acceptor type phenothiazine modified benzothiazole derivative PVBT exhibited multi-stimuli responsive fluorescent properties.
Influence of CuO morphology on the enhanced catalytic degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange
Authors: Deka Pangkita , Hazarika Anil , Deka Ramesh C. , Bharali Pankaj
Published: September 2016

The sheet-like CuO shows enhanced catalytic activity, compared to polycrystalline CuO for the catalytic degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange.
Biologically synthesized crude calcium lactate as a substrate for propylene glycol production
Authors: Binczarski M. , Berlowska J. , Stanishevsky A. , Witonska I.
Published: September 2016

Lactic acid (LA) can be obtained easily through fermentation of saccharides, and is an extremely useful building block for the synthesis of valuable chemicals, including propylene glycol (PG).
Syntheses, crystal structures and photoluminescence properties of Ca9Y(PO4)5(SiO4)F1.5O0.25:Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Eu3+/Tb3+/Dy3+/Sm3+) phosphors for near-UV white LEDs
Authors: Liu Man , Lü Wei , Huo Jiansheng , Shao Baiqi , Feng Yang , Zhao Shuang , You Hongpeng
Published: September 2016

We report red light-emitting Ca9Y(PO4)5(SiO4)F1.5O0.25:Eu3+/Sm3+ phosphors for the fabrication of red LED devices.
Recent advances in electrospun metal-oxide nanofiber based interfaces for electrochemical biosensing
Authors: Mondal Kunal , Sharma Ashutosh
Published: September 2016

Synthesis of various electrospun metal-oxide nanofibers and their application towards electrochemical enzymatic and enzyme-free biosensor platforms has been critically discussed.
A robust water oxidation electrocatalyst from amorphous cobalt–iron bimetallic phytate nanostructures
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Gao Taotao , Jin Zhaoyu , Chen Xiaojuan , Xiao Dan
Published: September 2016

We developed a bimetallic cobalt–iron phytate catalyst with superior performanceviaa facile one-step method, which make it a possible substitute for the state-of-the-art noble metal catalysts.
Programmed planar-to-helical shape transformations of composite hydrogels with bioinspired layered fibrous structures
Authors: Wang Zhi Jian , Zhu Chao Nan , Hong Wei , Wu Zi Liang , Zheng Qiang
Published: September 2016

Composite hydrogels with both in-plane and out-of-plane structural gradient are fabricated by multi-step photolithography and exhibit programmed deformations and shape transformations under stimulation.
Executive Functions in Children With Specific Language Impairment: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pauls Laura J. , Archibald Lisa M. D.
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Mounting evidence demonstrates deficits in children with specific language impairment (SLI) beyond the linguistic domain. Using meta-analysis, this study examined differences in children with and without SLI on tasks measuring inhibition and cognitive flexibility.

Method

Databases were searched for articles comparing children (4–14 years) with and without SLI on behavioral measures of inhibition or cognitive flexibility. Weighted average effect size was calculated using multilevel modeling to measure potential group differences.

Results

The analysis included 46 studies. Of those, 34 included inhibitory control measures and 22 included cognitive flexibility tasks. Children with SLI performed below same-aged peers on both inhibitory control tasks (
g
= −.56) and cognitive flexibility tasks (
g
= −.27). Moderator analyses showed no effect of linguistic task demands, participant age, or severity of language impairment on the degree of difference between children with SLI and controls on measures of inhibitory control.

Conclusion

Reliable differences between children with and without SLI were found on inhibition and cognitive flexibility tasks. A moderate group effect was found for inhibition tasks, but there was only a small effect for cognitive flexibility tasks. Results of moderator analyses suggest that these deficits are present throughout development despite task demands or severity of linguistic impairment.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963916
Modelling and simulation of channel power delay profile under indoor stair environment
Authors: Yu Yu , Liu Yang , Lu Wen‐Jun , Jin Shi , Zhu Hong‐Bo
Published: September 2016

An empirical stochastic discrete tapped delay line (DTDL) power delay profile (PDP) model is presented. It is used for characterising the multipath effects under indoor stair environment. In this model, the amplitude at each DTDL tap and stair step follows the Nakagami distribution. Its scale parameters are lognormally distributed, and its shape parameters are distance and propagation delay dependent. Then, the procedure for simulating the PDPs is given. In addition, the average PDP, root mean square delay spread and capacity extracted using the measured and simulated channels are compared to validate the accuracy of the proposed model. Finally, a measurement‐based channel simulator is developed by implementing an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communication procedure on the simulated channel. These works can provide important information about the designs of the physical layer algorithms in small cells scenarios.
Soft‐output MMSE MIMO detector under different channel estimation models
Authors: Liu Xiangli , Wang Jianhuan , Li Zan , Si Jiangbo
Published: September 2016

This study considers the effect of channel estimation error (CEE) on the soft‐output bit log‐likelihood ratio (LLR) in a multiple‐input–multiple‐output detection system which the source sends their quadrature amplitude modulation to the detector through Rayleigh fading channels. The new expressions of LLR with maximum‐likelihood CE for deterministic channel model and minimum mean square error (MMSE) CE for random channel model are obtained separately for linear MMSE receiver using known pilot‐symbol‐aided CE. Meanwhile, the optimal power allocation between training and data transmissions for these two different LLR expressions, which attends to get the maximum ratio of signal and interference plus noise ratio, are obtained under the total transmitting power constraints. Numerical results show that the power allocation ratio sets to be ∼0.5 is optimal for two new different LLRs at the same total power and system noise. Moreover, the derived LLR expressions match the simulation result and outperform the conventional system without the consideration of CEE and optimal power allocation. Meanwhile, the system performance is better than the existing research with the consideration of CE.
Extended social force model‐based mean shift for pedestrian tracking under obstacle avoidance
Authors: Zhang Xuguang , Zhang Xufeng , Wang Yiming , Yu Hui
Published: September 2016

It has been shown that mean shift tracking algorithm can achieve excellent results in pedestrian tracking task. It empirically estimates the target position of current frame by locating the maximum of a density function from the local neighborhood of the target position of previous frame. However, this method only considers its past trajectory without considering the influence of pedestrian environment when applying to pedestrian tracking. In practical, pedestrians always keep a safe distance away from obstacles when programming their paths. To address the issue of obstacle avoidance, this paper proposes a novel extended social force model‐based mean shift tracking algorithm in which pedestrian environment is full taken in consideration. Firstly, an extended social force model is presented to quantify the interaction between pedestrian and obstacle by means of force. Furthermore, directional weights and speed weights are introduced to adjust the strength of the force in terms of the difference of individual perspectives and relative velocities. Finally, the initial target position is predicted by Newton's laws of motion and then the Mean Shift method is integrated to track target position. Experiment results show that this algorithm achieves an encouraging performance when obstacles exist.
Controllability of a 2 × 2 parabolic system by one force with space-dependent coupling term of order one
Authors: Duprez Michel
Published: September 2016

This paper is devoted to the controllability of linear systems of two coupled parabolic equations when the coupling involves a space dependent first order term. This system is set on an bounded interval I ⊂⊂ R, and the first equation is controlled by a force supported in a subinterval of I or on the boundary. In the case where the intersection of the coupling and control domains is nonempty, we prove null controllability at any time. Otherwise, we provide a minimal time for null controllability. Finally we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the approximate controllability. The main technical tool for obtaining these results is the moment method.
Early Mobilization after Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Nozaki Hitomi , Ishida Yukihiro , Kanazawa Ikue , Inamoto Miku , Hayashi Kenichiro , Nishimura Nao , Nakagawa Satoshi , Kasahara Mureo , Kamikubo Takeshi , Tsuboi Norihiko
Published: September 2016

Objective This study aims to evaluate the impact of early mobilization (EM) after pediatric liver transplantation in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Design A 14-month prospective before and after study.

Setting Multivalent PICU with 20 beds at a tertiary children's hospital.

Patients A total of 57 patients aged younger than 16 years who received liver transplantation and were admitted to the PICU after surgery.

Interventions EM project, a multifaceted framework for successful EM practice in the PICU focusing on a multidisciplinary team approach.

Measurements and Main Results Compared with the period before the implementation of the EM project, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients who received physical therapy in the PICU (43 vs. 97%, p < 0.001). Also, there were greater median numbers of physical therapy per eligible patient (0 vs. 3, p < 0.001). Moreover, patients achieved higher functional mobility level within a shorter time. Length of intubation, PICU stay, and hospital stay were not significantly different. There were no adverse events or deaths.

Conclusion Using an EM project process, the proportion of patients who received physical therapy after liver transplantation increased. However, there was no difference in the length of PICU or hospital stay. Our findings indicated that EM for pediatric patients who received liver transplantation was well tolerated and safe.
Impulse responses of visible phototubes used in National Ignition Facility neutron time of flight diagnostics
Authors: Datte P. S. , Eckart M. , Moore A. S. , Thompson W. , Vergel de Dios G.
Published: September 2016

Neutron-induced visible scintillation in neutron time of flight (NToF) diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is measured with 40 mm single stage micro-channel plate photomultipliers and a 40 mm vacuum photodiode, outside the neutron line of sight. In NIF experiments with 14 MeV neutron yields above Y > 10 × 1015 these tubes are configured to deliver of order 1 nC of charge in the nominally 5 ns NToF into a 50 Ω load. We have examined a number of 40 mm tubes manufactured by Photek Ltd. of St. Leonards on Sea, UK, to determine possible changes in the instrument impulse response as a function of signal charge delivered in 1 ns. Precision NToF measurements at approximately 20 m require that we characterize changes in the impulse response moments to <40 ps for the first central moment and ∼2% rms for the square root of the second central moment with ∼500 ps value. Detailed results are presented for three different diode configurations.
All-optical vector measurement of spin-orbit-induced torques using both polar and quadratic magneto-optic Kerr effects
Authors: Fan Xin , Mellnik Alex R. , Wang Wenrui , Reynolds Neal , Wang Tao , Celik Halise , Lorenz Virginia O. , Ralph Daniel C. , Xiao John Q.
Published: September 2016

We demonstrate that the magneto-optic-Kerr effect with normal light incidence can be used to obtain quantitative optical measurements of both components of spin-orbit-induced torque (both the antidamping and effective-field components) in heavy-metal/ferromagnet bilayers. This is achieved by analyzing the quadratic Kerr effect as well as the polar Kerr effect. The two effects can be distinguished by properly selecting the polarization of the incident light. We use this all-optical technique to determine the spin-orbit torques generated by a series of Pt/Permalloy samples, finding values in excellent agreement with spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements.
Ion acceleration in the transparent regime and the critical influence of the plasma density scale length
Authors: Loch R. A. , Ceccotti T. , Quéré F. , George H. , Bonnaud G. , Réau F. , D'Oliveira P. , Luttikhof M. J. H. , Bijkerk F. , Boller K.-J. , Blaclard G. , Combis P.
Published: September 2016

The influence of a plasma density gradient on ions accelerated along the specular (back reflection) direction in the transparent Target Normal Sheath Acceleration regime is investigated. Enhanced acceleration of ions is experimentally observed in this regime using high-intensity and ultra-high contrast laser pulses and extremely thin foils of few nanometer thicknesses. The experimental trend for the maximum proton energy appeared quite different from the already published numerical results in this regime where an infinitely steep plasma gradient was assumed. We showed that for a realistic modelling, a finite density gradient has to be taken into account. By means of particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we studied for the first time the influence of the plasma density scale length on ion acceleration from these nanofoil targets. Through a qualitative agreement between our numerical particle-in-cell simulations and our experiments, the main conclusion with regard to the experimental requirements is that, in the transparent regime evidenced with nanofoils as compared to the opaque regime, the plasma expansion has to be taken into account and both the pulse contrast and the damage threshold of the material are essential parameters.
Co-existence of periodic bursts and death of cycles in a population dynamics system
Authors: Iyengar Sudharsana V. , Balakrishnan Janaki , Kurths Jürgen
Published: September 2016

We study the dynamics of a discrete-time tritrophic model which mimics the observed periodicity in the population cycles of the larch budmoth insect which causes widespread defoliation of larch forests at high altitudes periodically. Our model employs q-deformation of numbers to model the system comprising the budmoth, one or more parasitoid species, and larch trees. Incorporating climate parameters, we introduce additional parasitoid species and show that their introduction increases the periodicity of the budmoth cycles as observed experimentally. The presence of these additional species also produces other interesting dynamical effects such as periodic bursting and oscillation quenching via oscillation death, amplitude death, and partial oscillation death which are also seen in nature. We suggest that introducing additional parasitoid species provides an alternative explanation for the collapse of the nine year budmoth outbreak cycles observed in the Swiss Alps after 1981. A detailed exploration of the parameter space of the system is performed with movies of bifurcation diagrams which enable variation of two parameters at a time. Limit cycles emerge through a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation with respect to all parameters in all the five and higher dimensional models we have studied.
Surface analysis of the Heusler Ni49.7Mn29.1Ga21.2 Alloy: The composition, phase transition, and twinned microstructure of martensite
Authors: Horáková Kateřina , Cháb Vladimír , Heczko Oleg , Drchal Václav , Fekete Ladislav , Honolka Jan , Kopeček Jaromír , Kudrnovský Josef , Polyak Yaroslav , Sajdl Petr , Vondráček Martin , Lančok Ján , Feyer Vitaliy , Wiemann Carsten , Schneider Claus M.
Published: September 2016

Surface analysis was used to study the dynamics of the martensitic transformation on macro- and mesoscopic scales. The chemical state, morphology, and magnetic and surface structure were monitored at particular stages of the phase transition. At room temperature, the martensitic phase of the Ni49.7Mn29.1Ga21.2 (100) single crystal exhibited macroscopic a/c twinning and a corresponding magnetic domain structure characterized by magnetization vector in and out of the surface plane. Induced by radiation heating, the transformation from martensite to austenite takes place separately at the surface and in the bulk. Its dynamics depend on the history of the sample treatment which affects the crystallographic orientation of twins and minor changes of the surface stoichiometry. The interfaces (twin planes) between twin variants in the martensitic phase were noticeable also in the austenitic phase, thanks to the shape memory effect of this material.
Comment on “A large volume uniform plasma generator for the experiments of electromagnetic wave propagation in plasma” [Phys. Plasmas 20, 012101 (2013)]
Authors: Eliseev S. I. , Kudryavtsev A. A.
Published: September 2016

It is pointed out that the paper of Min et al. [Phys. Plasmas 20, 012101 (2013)] contains some questionable issues, which may be misleading for the readers and should be clarified.
Performance enhancement of blue light-emitting diodes with InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells grown on Si substrates by inserting thin AlGaN interlayers
Authors: Kimura Shigeya , Yoshida Hisashi , Uesugi Kenjiro , Ito Toshihide , Okada Aoi , Nunoue Shinya
Published: September 2016

We have grown blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) having InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells (MQWs) with thin AlyGa1−yN (0 < y < 0.3) interlayers on Si(111) substrates. It was found by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations and three-dimensional atom probe analysis that 1-nm-thick interlayers with an AlN mole fraction of less than y = 0.3 were continuously formed between GaN barriers and InGaN wells, and that the AlN mole fraction up to y = 0.15 could be consistently controlled. The external quantum efficiency of the blue LED was enhanced in the low-current-density region (≤45 A/cm2) but reduced in the high-current-density region by the insertion of the thin Al0.15Ga0.85N interlayers in the MQWs. We also found that reductions in both forward voltage and wavelength shift with current were achieved by inserting the interlayers even though the inserted AlGaN layers had potential higher than that of the GaN barriers. The obtained peak wall-plug efficiency was 83% at room temperature. We suggest that the enhanced electroluminescence (EL) performance was caused by the introduction of polarization-induced hole carriers in the InGaN wells on the side adjacent to the thin AlGaN/InGaN interface and efficient electron carrier transport through multiple wells. This model is supported by temperature-dependent EL properties and band-diagram simulations. We also found that inserting the interlayers brought about a reduction in the Shockley-Read-Hall nonradiative recombination component, corresponding to the shrinkage of V-defects. This is another conceivable reason for the observed performance enhancement.
Structural properties and transfer characteristics of sputter deposition AlN and atomic layer deposition Al2O3 bilayer gate materials for H-terminated diamond field effect transistors
Authors: Banal Ryan G. , Imura Masataka , Liu Jiangwei , Koide Yasuo
Published: September 2016

Significant improvements in electrical properties are achieved from AlN/Al2O3 stack gate H-terminated diamond metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MISFETs) upon improving the structural quality of an AlN insulating layer. The 5-nm-thick Al2O3 layer and 175-nm-thick AlN film are successively deposited by atomic layer deposition and sputter deposition techniques, respectively, on a (100) H-diamond epitaxial layer substrate. The AlN layer exhibits a poly-crystalline structure with the hexagonal wurtzite phase. The crystallite growth proceeds along the c-axis direction and perpendicular to the substrate surface, resulting in a columnar grain structure with an average grain size of around ∼40 nm. The MIS diode fabricated provides a leak current density as low as ∼10−5 A/cm2 at gate voltage bias in the range of −8 V and +4 V. The MISFET fabricated shows normally off enhancement mode transfer characteristic. The drain-source current maximum, threshold voltage, and maximum extrinsic conductance of the FET with 4 μm gate length are −8.89 mA/mm, −0.22 V, and 6.83 mS/mm, respectively.
In-situ electron paramagnetic resonance studies of paramagnetic point defects in superconducting microwave resonators
Authors: Zhang Shengke , Kopas Cameron , Wagner Brian , Queen Daniel , Newman N.
Published: September 2016

The physical nature and concentration of paramagnetic point defects in the dielectrics of superconducting planar microwave resonators have been determined using in-situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. To perform this work, the quality factor of parallel plate and stripline resonators was measured as a function of the magnitude of a magnetic-field applied parallel to the electrode surfaces. YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film electrodes proved to be a preferred choice over Nb and MgB2 because they are readily available and have a small surface resistance (Rs) up to high temperatures (∼77 K) and magnetic fields (i.e., <1 T). Stripline resonators with a widely used high performance microwave dielectric, Co2+-doped Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3, are shown to have losses dominated by d-electron spin-excitations in exchange-coupled Co2+ point-defect clusters, even in the absence of an applied magnetic field. A significant enhanced microwave loss in stripline and parallel plate resonators is found to correlate with the presence of paramagnetic Mn2+ dopants in Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3 ceramics and dangling bond states in amorphous Si thin films, although the identification of the dominant loss mechanism(s) in these dielectrics requires further investigation.
Tailoring non-diffractive beams from amorphous light speckles
Authors: Di Battista D. , Ancora D. , Leonetti M. , Zacharakis G.
Published: September 2016

Bessel beams are non-diffracting light structures, which maintain their spatial features after meters of propagation and are realized with simple optical elements such as axicon lenses, spatial filters, and lasers. In this paper, we demonstrate a method for generating non diffractive Bessel-like beams through a heavily scattering system, exploiting wavefronts shaped by a spatial light modulator. With the proposed method starting from amorphous speckle patterns, it is possible to produce at user defined positions configurable and non-diffracting light distributions which can improve depth-of-field in speckled illumination microscopy.
Growth of Au capped GeO2 nanowires for visible-light photodetection
Authors: Ghosh Arnab , Guha Puspendu , Mukherjee Subhrajit , Bar Rajshekhar , Ray Samit K. , Satyam Parlapalli V.
Published: September 2016

A single step process to grow Au capped oxygen deficient GeO2 crystalline nanowires via generation of growth species through the metal induced surface decomposition of Ge substrate is reported. Without the external source supply, the growth of the Au-GeO2 nanowires on the Ge substrate is addressed with possible mechanism. Despite high band gap, application of GeO2 as a possible new material for visible light photodetection is presented. The as-grown samples were found to have a photo-response of ≥102 with 17% external quantum efficiency at −2.0 V applied bias upon visible-light illumination (λ = 540 nm, 0.2 mW/cm2). This visible-light detection can be attributed to the oxygen vacancy related defect states as well as localized surface plasmon resonance induced absorption and subsequent hot electron injection from Au to conduction band of GeO2. The photodetection performance of the devices has been understood by the proposed energy band diagrams. In addition, ≈4 times enhancement in the efficiency has been achieved by further decoration of the Au nanoparticles on the as-grown nanowire surfaces.
Physical characterization of nanoparticle size and surface modification using particle scattering diffusometry
Authors: Clayton Katherine N. , Salameh Janelle W. , Wereley Steven T. , Kinzer-Ursem Tamara L.
Published: September 2016

As the field of colloidal science continues to expand, tools for rapid and accurate physiochemical characterization of colloidal particles will become increasingly important. Here, we present Particle Scattering Diffusometry (PSD), a method that utilizes dark field microscopy and the principles of particle image velocimetry to measure the diffusivity of particles undergoing Brownian motion. PSD measures the diffusion coefficient of particles as small as 30 nm in diameter and is used to characterize changes in particle size and distribution as a function of small, label-free, surface modifications of particles. We demonstrate the rapid sizing of particles using three orders-of-magnitude less sample volume than current standard techniques and use PSD to quantify particle uniformity. Furthermore, PSD is sensitive enough to detect biomolecular surface modifications of nanometer thickness. With these capabilities, PSD can reliably aid in a wide variety of applications, including colloid sizing, particle corona characterization, protein footprinting, and quantifying biomolecule activity.
Study of nonlinear ferromagnetic resonance in a nanoscale magnetic tunnel junction using diode effect
Authors: Suto Hirofumi , Kudo Kiwamu , Nagasawa Tazumi , Kanao Taro , Mizushima Koichi , Sato Rie
Published: September 2016

We use the diode effect caused by magnetization excitation in a microwave magnetic field to analyze the ferromagnetic resonance and magnetization switching in a nanoscale perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction. The cone angle and the lag angle with respect to the applied microwave field of the magnetization precession are accurately estimated by utilizing the homodyne nature of the diode effect. We observe a ferromagnetic resonance peak of the cone angle accompanied by an increase in the lag angle, and a nonlinear shift of the peak position with increasing the microwave field amplitude. We also reveal magnetization switching assisted by ferromagnetic resonance excitation.
Deformation of noncommutative quantum mechanics
Authors: Jiang Jian-Jian , Chowdhury S. Hasibul Hassan
Published: September 2016

In this paper, the Lie group GNCα,β,γ, of which the kinematical symmetry group GNC of noncommutative quantum mechanics (NCQM) is a special case due to fixed nonzero α, β, and γ, is three-parameter deformation quantized using the method suggested by Ballesteros and Musso [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 46, 195203 (2013)]. A certain family of QUE algebras, corresponding to GNCα,β,γ with two of the deformation parameters approaching zero, is found to be in agreement with the existing results of the literature on quantum Heisenberg group. Finally, we dualize the underlying QUE algebra to obtain an expression for the underlying star-product between smooth functions on GNCα,β,γ.