bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specialties: relevance and reform in the UK
Authors: Sharpling Josh , Gallagher Jennifer E.
Published: December 2016

Specialties play an important role in meeting the needs and expectations of the population by supporting primary care practitioners, providing expert diagnosis alongside advanced care plans and treatment, extending knowledge and expertise, advising policy makers and training the next generation. During the 19th and 20th centuries, interest groups formed around contemporary oral and dental issues, each contributing knowledge and skills to the practice of dentistry. Many of these ‘issues’ would today be described as addressing specific population needs. Although the history of dental specialties could be written from any number of different perspectives, this paper explores the introduction, development and reform of dental specialties in the UK from a public health perspective, with particular emphasis on England.
The patient’s journey through my eyes
Authors: Curtis Chris
Published: December 2016

Three words that change your life: ‘I’m sorry to say that the biopsy shows that you have cancer…’. It’s the start of the Patient Cancer Journey.
e-Den goes down under
Authors: Brunton Paul
Published: December 2016

Change is a constant in our profession, and we are familiar with this on a daily basis, as we constantly change how we practise. But consider how the way we learn and the very structure of our profession has changed in recent years. If I think back, I attended a traditional dental school and had, in my view, an excellent undergraduate education. Compare that top-down approach to the approach today, with its self-directed learning and student-led clinics – to give a couple of examples of a bottom-up model of providing effective dental education. The net result of this, in my view, is that today’s graduates are a little different in many respects, both when they graduate and in their long-term career ambitions.
Issues surrounding the management of patients requiring the removal of wisdom teeth
Authors: Renton Tara , Hill Mike
Published: December 2016

Third molar (M3M) surgery is one of the most commonly performed NHS procedures and one of the riskiest undertaken in dentistry. Although there are numerous guidelines, standards and statutes on the use and indications for M3M, there is a lack of supporting evidence, particularly in relation to minimising complications. Here, the key issues surrounding M3M surgery in the UK are discussed, along with recommendations to improve NHS patient care.
Accuracy analysis of geometrical and numerical approaches for two degrees of freedom robot manipulator
Authors: Saputra Hendri Maja , Mirdanies Midriem , Rijanto Estiko
Published: December 2016

Analysis of algorithms to determine the accuracy of aiming direction using two inverse kinematic approaches i.e. geometric and numeric has been done. The best method needs to be specified to precisely and accurately control the aiming direction of a two degrees of freedom (TDOF) manipulator. The manipulator degrees of freedom are azimuth (Az) and elevation (El) angles. A program has been made using C language to implement the algorithm. Analysis of the two algorithms was done using statistical approach and circular error probable (CEP). The research proves that accuracy percentage of numerical method is better than geometrical method, those are 98.63% and 98.55%, respectively. Based on the experiment results, the numerical approach is the right algorithm to be applied in the TDOF robot manipulator.
A hybrid PV-battery/diesel electricity supply on Peucang island: an economic evaluation
Authors: Günther Matthias
Published: December 2016

Renewable energy technologies are currently under a dynamic cost development. This case holds especially for solar technology that has reached price levels that were unimaginable until a short time ago. It also holds for battery technologies the application of which is related to the increasing usage of photovoltaic energy converters and the growing interest in electric vehicles. With the decreasing prices more and more possible application cases of renewable energy technologies become economically viable. A case study was done for a location on a small island located on the west tip of Java. The levelized electricity cost of a hybrid electricity supply system composed of a solar generator and battery in combination with the existing diesel generators was compared to the electricity generation cost of the existing system. Two different battery options were taken into account, lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries. The results of this study can give a rough orientation also for other locations with similar characteristics.
Simple supercapacitor charging scheme of an electric vehicle on small-scale hardware simulator: a prototype development for education purpose
Authors: Al Tahtawi Adnan Rafi , Rohman Arief Syaichu
Published: December 2016

Supercapacitor is one of electrical energy sources that have faster charging-discharging times when compared to other power sources, such as battery and fuel cell. Therefore, it is often used as an additional power source in an electric vehicle. In this paper, a prototype of small-scale electric vehicle simulator (EVS) is built and a simple charging scheme of supercapacitor is used for education purpose. EVS is an electric vehicle prototype which can show the vehicle’s powertrain on small-scale configuration. Main components of this device are two direct current motors (DCMs) with a linked axis of rotation. Therefore one of them will be able to act as a generator. The supercapacitor charging scheme is employed by controlling the relays. The hardware experimental result shows that the averages of charging current are proportional to the maximum slope angle of the road profiles. This scheme is simple due to the EVS utility and it is useful for education purpose.
Discursos fora do lugar: uma análise sobre atividades com rótulos na alfabetização
Authors: Vita Ercilene
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho visa analisar algumas atividades de alfabetização encontradas na internet. Nessas atividades faz-se o uso de rótulos de produtos variados com o objetivo de ensinar o aluno a ler e a escrever. Tais atividades parecem inicialmente estar em conformidade com as orientações dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN), que preconizam o uso de rótulos como gênero adequado para o trabalho sobre a escrita. No entanto, um estudo mais aprofundado do que se encontra disponível acerca dessas atividades na internet demonstra que, de modo geral, o desenvolvimento de um ponto de vista crítico por parte do aluno em relação ao conteúdo ensinado não parece ser privilegiado. Assim, a partir do referencial teórico da Análise do Discurso (Pêcheux e Maingueneau, entre outros) buscamos explicitar o contexto e algumas das condições de produção em que essas atividades on-line se inserem.
Progressão continuada e interdisciplinaridade
Authors: Brito Júnior Daniel
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo, de cunho bibliográfico, busca analisar a progressão continuada, sistema de ensino implantado no estado de São Paulo. O método utilizado foi a análise bibliográfica da literatura referente ao tema e levantamento de dissertações e teses. Procuramos neste estudo verificar como a progressão continuada e interdisciplinaridade se convergem. Após apresentar brevemente o conceito de progressão continuada e interdisciplinaridade e, em seguida, alguns quesitos que dão suporte à pesquisa, tais como a necessidade de um planejamento interdisciplinar, a formação docente visando à interdisciplinaridade e à progressão continuada, embasado em Freitas (2003), apresento o conceito de avaliação, propondo sugestões de avaliação para o modelo de educação vigente. Este estudo busca também uma análise curricular interdisciplinar na qual os conteúdos devem estar atrelados ao meio em que estão inseridos a escola e os educandos.
Avaliação: Para que te quero? Um olhar voltado para além do educar e cuidar
Authors: Nascimento Aline Dias , André Rita Oliveira
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo demonstra e discute a importância de avaliar a qualidade da educação ofertada a bebês e crianças, atrelada à constatação de que a formação do professor necessita ser ressignificada e a concepção pautada em sujeitos ativos. Neste sentido, o currículo deve ser traçado por práticas que prevaleçam às suas ações e características, superando aquelas que se pressupõe importante eles saberem. Desse ponto de vista, a utilização dos Indicadores de Qualidade da Educação Infantil Paulistana (2016), fundamentado no princípio da participação, mostra que o instrumento contribui para a discussão institucional e que os resultados da autoavaliação são interessantes para a própria gestão. Conclui-se que o processo potencializa uma qualidade negociada entre unidade, família e a comunidade.
O planejamento pedagógico na Educação Infantil: as percepções de professores, diretores e coordenadores pedagógicos
Authors: Abuchaim Beatriz de Oliveira
Published: December 2016

Este artigo analisa a importância do planejamento na Educação Infantil, partindo das percepções de professores, diretores e coordenadores pedagógicos. São apresentados dados de um estudo de caso que buscou descrever como o currículo era transposto para o planejamento e deste para o cotidiano dos grupos de crianças, em duas escolas municipais de São Paulo. Foram realizadas entrevistas, observações do cotidiano e análise de documentos. Concluiu-se que o planejamento é valorizado pelos entrevistados, pois garante uma prática mais refletida e fundamentada. O planejamento demanda três ações do professor: escrever sobre o vivido e o projeto futuro; debater com os colegas sobre o processo e pesquisar sobre os temas e as atividades que pretende realizar.
A participação da criança no currículo e na avaliação: reflexões a partir do registro escrito
Authors: Colasanto Cristina Aparecida
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o resultado de alguns registros de relatórios de avaliação, elaborados por professoras de Educação Infantil, em que se evidencie a criança no centro de sua escrita, explicitando assim suas interações e experiências vivenciadas na escola. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida seguindo a metodologia de pesquisaação, e os resultados revelam que na escrita do relatório a criança torna-se o sujeito principal, resgatando assim suas falas, ações, interações e o acompanhamento do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, desvelando também a proposta curricular da escola. Em avaliação, as entrevistas com as criança indicam o que elas pensam sobre os projetos e atividades desenvolvidas por elas na escola, proporcionando assim o autoconhecimento.
Big Data and the Paradox of Diversity
Authors: Rieder Bernhard
Published: December 2016

This paper develops a critique of Big Data and associated analytical techniques by focusing not on errors - skewed or imperfect datasets, false positives, underrepresentation, and so forth - but on data mining that works. After a quick framing of these practices as interested readings of reality, I address the question of how data analytics and, in particular, machine learning reveal and operate on the structured and unequal character of contemporary societies, installing “economic morality” (Allen 2012) as the central guiding principle. Rather than critiquing the methods behind Big Data, I inquire into the way these methods make the many differences in decentred, non-traditional societies knowable and, as a consequence, ready for profitable distinction and decision-making. The objective, in short, is to add to our understanding of the “profound ideological role at the intersection of sociality, research, and commerce” (van Dijck 2014: 201) the collection and analysis of large quantities of multifarious data have come to play. Such an understanding needs to embed Big Data in a larger, more fundamental critique of the societal context it operates in.
From Data Analytics to Data Hermeneutics. Online Political Discussions, Digital Methods and the Continuing Relevance of Interpretive Approaches
Authors: Gerbaudo Paolo
Published: December 2016

To advance the study of digital politics it is urgent to complement data analytics with data hermeneutics to be understood as a methodological approach that focuses on the interpretation of the deep structures of meaning in social media conversations as they develop around various political phenomena, from digital protest movements to online election campaigns. The diffusion of Big Data techniques in recent scholarship on political behavior has led to a quantitative bias in the understanding of online political phenomena and a disregard for issues of content and meaning. To solve this problem it is necessary to adapt the hermeneutic approach to the conditions of social media communication, and shift its object of analysis from texts to datasets. On the one hand, this involves identifying procedures to select samples of social media posts out of datasets, so that they can be analysed in more depth. I describe three sampling strategies - top sampling, random sampling and zoom-in sampling - to attain this goal. On the other hand, “close reading” procedures used in hermeneutic analysis need to be adapted to the different quality of digital objects vis-à-vis traditional texts. This can be achieved by analysing posts not only as data-points in a dataset, but also as interventions in a collective conversation, and as utterances of broader “discourses”. The task of interpretation of social media data also requires an understanding of the political and social contexts in which digital political phenomena unfold, as well as taking into account the subjective viewpoints and motivations of those involved, which can be gained through in-depth interviews, and other qualitative social science methods. Data hermeneutics thus holds promise for a closing of the gap between quantitative and qualitative approaches in the study of digital politics, allowing for a deeper and more holistic understanding of online political phenomena.
Group Privacy in Times of Big Data. A Literature Review
Authors: Helm Paula
Published: December 2016

New technologies pose new challenges on the protection of privacy and they stimulate new debates on the scope of privacy. Such debates usually concern the individuals’ right to control the flow of his or her personal information. The article however discusses new challenges posed by new technologies in terms of their impact on groups and their privacy. Two main challenges are being identified in this regard, both having to do with the formation of groups through the involvement of algorithms and the lack of civil awareness regarding the consequences of this involvement. On the one hand, there is the phenomenon of groups being created on the basis of big data without the members of such groups being aware of having been assigned and being treated as part of a certain group. Here, the challenge concerns the limits of personal law, manifesting with the disability of individuals to address possible violations of their right to privacy since they are not aware of them. On the other hand, commercially driven Websites influence the way in which groups form, grow and communicate when doing this online and they do this in such subtle way, that members oftentimes do not take into account this influence. This is why one could speak of a kind of domination here, which calls for legal regulation. The article presents different approaches addressing and dealing with those two challenges, discussing their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, a conclusion gathers the insights reached by the different approaches discussed and reflects on future challenges for further research on group privacy in times of big data.
Auditor skills, traits and knowledge evidence from Tunisia
Authors: Thabet Imen
Published: December 2016

Several researches have sought an understanding of personal and psychological characteristics contributing to auditor expertise in decision making. The motivation for this study is issued from the need to improve understanding of auditor skills and characteristics in the step of the expression of professional judgment.This paper aims to looking for and to understand auditorsâ€™ skills, traits and knowledge contributing to business risk assessment ability. A survey questionnaire is used as a stimulus to gather data from practicing auditors listed on the Roll of the Tunisian Chartered Ac-countants Order (in 2012). Firstly, survey participants are asked to cite skills and abilities that they consider as important in the step of risk assessment and next to rate the importance of 20 skills using the Likert-type scale.The results reveal two groups of skills, traits and knowledge which are classified as the most important. The first group gathers three technical skills: Subspecialty Knowledge, Academic Training and World Knowledge. The second group clusters four cognitive skills: Ability to know what is relevant, Decision making ability, Problem solving ability and Assuming responsibility.This study may be a benchmark for future researches which attempt to increase the understanding of the composition of skills, traits and knowledge associated with technical, behavioral and cognitive attributes which are necessary to assess auditee business risk.
Implementation of multi-step differentialtransformation method for hyperchaotic Rossler system
Authors: Biazar Jafar , Houlari Tahereh , Asayesh Roxana
Published: December 2016

In this work, the multi-step differential transformation method (MSDTM) is applied to approximate a solution of the hyperchaotic Rossler system. MSDTM is adapted from the differential transformation method (DTM). In this method, DTM is implemented in each subinterval. Results are compared with a fourth-order Runge Kutta method and a standard DTM. The results show that the MSDTM is an efficient and powerful technique for solving hyperchaotic Rossler systems and this method is more accurate than DTM.
History teaching based on the fundamental sources of Turkish culture
Türk kültürünün temel kaynaklarına dayalı tarih öğretimi
Authors: Hali Servet , Bolat Yavuz
Published: December 2016

The main points in reading education read it to understand. Learning happen in case of no meaningful reading is not possible. History lesson of reading skills must be improved in order to achieve success. The purpose of this study Turkish culture is the history lessons to improve reading comprehension skills by utilizing the basic resources. History of reading skills form the basis of the course is to provide education and training in the use effectively. In doing so our main source read in the past is to try to learn in light of our own resources. Pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental research model is used in this study because of the purpose of evaluating the effect of teaching method based on the primary sources of Turkish culture on student success. In this study, the teaching based on the primary sources of Turkish culture is used as the independent variable, student success is used as dependent variable. Pretest and post test results applying the experimental and control groups were obtained. The experimental group subjects Kutadgu Bilig according to the results of teaching with the reading of selected sections has been found to be a significant difference in the final test. ÖzetEğitim-öğretimde en temel husus okuma, okuduğunu anlamadır. Anlamlı bir okuma yapılmadığı takdirde öğrenmenin gerçekleşmesi mümkün değildir. Tarih derslerinde başarı elde edebilmek için okuma becerisinin geliştirilmiş olması gerekir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; tarih derslerinde Türk kültürünün temel kaynaklarından yararlanarak okuma-anlama becerilerini geliştirmektir. Eğitim-öğretimin temelini oluşturan okuma becerisinin tarih derslerinde etkili bir şekilde kullanılmasını sağlamaktır. Bunu gerçekleştirirken de temel kaynaklarımızın okunmasını, geçmişi kendi kaynaklarımızın ışığında öğrenmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, Türk Kültürünün temel kaynaklarına dayalı öğretim yönteminin öğrenci başarısına etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlandığı için ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel araştırma modeli kulla­nılmıştır. Araştırmada, Türk kültürünün temel kaynaklarına dayalı öğretim bağımsız değişken, öğrenci başarısı bağımlı değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarına ön test ve son test uygulanarak bazı bulgular elde edilmiştir. Deney grubuna Kutadgu Bilig’den ders konusuna uygun olarak seçilen bölümlerin okunması ile gerçekleştirilen öğretim sonucu son testte anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Numerical simulation of the free convection in a
viscous compressible fluid
Authors: Perepechko Yury , Sorokin Konstantin , Imomnazarov Kholmatzhon
Published: December 2016

The numerical implementation of the classical
model of thermal convection in a viscous compressible
fluid in a finite domain is considered. Difference approximation
carried out by the control volume method. The
comparison of the results of test calculations with the reference
results of the convection simulation of incompressible
fluid in the rectangular domain is made.
Typological bottlenecks: How large-scale regional language typologies help us interpret global prehistory
Authors: Blench Roger
Published: December 2016

It is unlikely that local or highly specific typological characteristics of language correlate with other aspects of human culture and history. However, at regional scale, the broad typology of languages does reflect bottlenecks. The paper argues that these regions of high typological similarity are due neither to chance nor long-term convergence, but reflect the initial conditions of settlement. This suggests that regions can be characterised by negative typology, i.e., the absence of globally common traits. Conversely, typological uniformity occurs in mainland Southeast Asia, a region notable for the similarities between language structures. An expansion of the remit of typology can uncover large regional patterns which can be tied to the archaeological narrative of the early expansion of modern humans.
On the Charney Conjecture of Data Assimilation Employing Temperature Measurements Alone: The Paradigm of 3D Planetary Geostrophic Model
Authors: Farhat Aseel , Lunasin Evelyn , Titi Edriss S.
Published: December 2016

Analyzing the validity and success of a data assimilation algorithmwhen some state variable observations are not available is an important problem in meteorology and engineering. We present an improved data assimilation algorithm for recovering the exact full reference solution (i.e. the velocity and temperature) of the 3D Planetary Geostrophic model, at an exponential rate in time, by employing coarse spatial mesh observations of the temperature alone. This provides, in the case of this paradigm, a rigorous justification to an earlier conjecture of Charney which states that temperature history of the atmosphere, for certain simple atmospheric models, determines all other state variables.
Oxidized porous silicon as a non-interfering
support for luminescent dyes
Authors: Santamaría-Juárez G. , Gómez-Barojas E. , Quiroga-González E. , Sánchez-Mora E. , Luna-López J. A.
Published: December 2016

The objective of this work is to elucidate the possibility
to passivate the surface states of porous Si (PSi) by
thermal oxidation to be used as a passive host matrix. It
is known that a large contribution to the Photoluminescence
(PL) of PSi comes from defects at the surface. This PL
could overlap the PL of guest materials making it difficult
to identify the details of the PL spectrum of the guest. We
report on an experimental study about the effect of thermal
oxidation at low temperature on the PL of PSi and on
the functionalization of oxidized PSi with fluorescein. The
background PL is minimized allowing a better detection of
fluorescein molecules adsorbed on oxidized PSi.
Tourists at the League of Nations. Conceptions of Internationalism around the Palais des Nations, 1925–1946
Authors: Holste Timo
Published: December 2016

This article uses the example of the purpose-built
Ship propeller side effects: pressure pulses and
radiated noise
Authors: Gaggero Stefano , Gaggero Tomaso , Rizzuto Enrico , Tani Giorgio , Villa Diego , Viviani Michele
Published: December 2016

The present paper deals with the side effects
of propellers cavitation, i.e. pressure pulses and radiated
noise. These effects are gaining more and more importance
for commercial ships for different reasons. Pressure
pulses significantly affect comfort onboard, thus their reduction
is of utmost importance for all ships carrying passengers.
As regards the underwater radiated noise, in the
last decade interest has shifted from navy applications to
commercial ships, due to the concern for the rising background
noise in the oceans. The propellers, generating
noise directly in water, represent one of the main contributions
to the overall underwater noise emitted from
ships. Due to the complexity of the mechanisms of propeller
noise generation, different complementary strategies
have to be followed to properly analyze the problem,
ranging from induced pressure pulses to broadband noise
and cavitation. In the present work, part of the activities
carried out in the framework of the collaborative EU FP7
project AQUO (Achieve QUieter Oceans by shipping noise
footprint reduction, www.aquo.eu) are reported.
The paper presents the investigations carried out on a specific
test case represented by a single screw research vessel,
which is analyzed with three different strategies: numerical
calculations, model scale investigations and fullscale
measurements.
Erratum to: “Professional Amateurs”. Metal Detecting and Metal Detectorists in Denmark
Authors: Dobat Andres S. , Jensen Astrid T.
Published: December 2016

The credit for having made figure 4 should have gone to Claus Feveile instead of Mogens Bo Henriksen. The
correct caption to figure 4 is as follows:

Figure 4: Distribution of findspots for treasure trove finds discovered with metal detectors in Denmark up to and including
2006. Data: Kulturstyrelsen; drawing by Claus Feveile, Slots- og Kulturstyrelsen.
Coupled atmosphere–ocean model SLAV–INMIO: implementation and first results
Authors: Fadeev Rostislav Yu. , Ushakov Konstantin V. , Kalmykov Vladimir V. , Tolstykh Mikhail A. , Ibrayev Rashit A.
Published: December 2016

Coupled atmosphere–ocean models are widely used for climate change modelling. However, there is now more and more evidence on necessity to use such models in numerical weather prediction at different time scales. A coupled model is developed at the Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (Russian Academy of Sciences), and Hydrometeorological Research Centre of Russia. Particularities of program implementation for this model are discussed. The atmosphere model SLAV and the World Ocean model INMIO are coupled using the original program for models coupling. The results of numerical experiments with the coupled model demonstrate an agreement with observation data and show a possibility to use this model for probabilistic weather forecasts at time scales from weeks to year.
Quantum-Phase-Field Concept of Matter: Emergent Gravity in the Dynamic Universe
Authors: Steinbach Ingo
Published: December 2016

A monistic framework is set up where energy is the only fundamental substance. Different states of energy are ordered by a set of scalar fields. The dual elements of matter, mass and space, are described as volume- and gradient-energy contributions of the set of fields, respectively. Time and space are formulated as background-independent dynamic variables. The evolution equations of the body of the universe are derived from the first principles of thermodynamics. Gravitational interaction emerges from quantum fluctuations in finite space. Application to a large number of fields predicts scale separation in space and repulsive action of masses distant beyond a marginal distance. The predicted marginal distance is compared to the size of the voids in the observable universe.
Benjamin Dahlke und Matthias Laarmann: Latein als Wissenschaftssprache in der deutschen katholischen Dogmatik des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Dahlke Benjamin , Laarmann Matthias
Published: December 2016

Until the eighteenth century, Latin was the uncontested language of academic discourse, including theology. Regardless of their denominational affiliation, scholars all across Europe made use of Latin in both their publications and lectures. Then, due to the influence of various strands of post-Kantian philosophy, a change took place, at least in the German-speaking area. With recourse to classical German philosophy, many Catholic systematic theologians switched to their mother-tounge and adopted the newly coined terms in order to express the same faith. In reaction to this transformative work the neo-scholastic movement came into existence. Its adherents stressed the Church’s tradition and, especially its indebtedness to medieval thought. From the mid-nineteenth century onwards, partly supported by the Magisterium, various attempts were made to re-introduce Latin into dogmatics. This project was unsuccessful, however, because of changes to the Catholic world ushered in by the Second Vatican Council and also because of developments in German educational policy, which served to lower the status of Latin in schools.
Friedrich Wilhelm Graf: Zur Publikationsgeschichte von Paul Tillichs „Systematic Theology“. Teil 1
Authors: Graf Friedrich Wilhelm
Published: December 2016

In June 1947 Paul Tillich signed a contract with The University of Chicago Press for a “Systematic Theology” in two volumes. Having published the first volume in April 1951, he asked the publisher to split the second volume into two parts, which were published in 1957 as volume II and 1963 as volume III. In this article the different editions of “Systematic Theology” are described, and the economic aspects of writing and publishing this very influential academic book are explained. Many unknown sources are presented. Some of them show Tillich as an author in real despair.
Novel Anthrathiophene-Based Small Molecules as Donor Material for Organic Photovoltaics: Synthesis and Light-Induced EPR Study
Authors: Shatrova Alexandra A. , Baranov Denis S. , Uvarov Mikhail N. , Kazantsev Maxim S. , Glebov Evgeni M. , Fadeev Dmitry S. , Kulik Leonid V.
Published: December 2016

A novel anthrathiophene-based compound, 1,4-bis((5-(6,11-dioxoanthra[2,1-b]thiophene-2-yl)thien-2-yl)ethynyl)-2,5-bis(octyloxy)benzene, was synthesized and characterized. The optical absorption spectrum of the synthesized compound in film is strongly red-shifted as compared to the solution spectrum. The energies of frontier orbitals measured by cyclic voltammetry show that this compound can act as electron donor in a composite with the widely used fullerene derivative PCBM. This is confirmed by light-induced electron transfer from it to PCBM evidenced from light-induced EPR spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data suggest that anthrathiophene is a promising platform for synthesis of small-molecular electron donors for organic solar cells.
An EPR Study of Small Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Cini Alberto , Ceci Pierpaolo , Falvo Elisabetta , Gatteschi Dante , Fittipaldi Maria
Published: December 2016

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of spinel type iron oxide (of approximately 4 nm) mineralized inside the internal cavity of a mini ferritin-type protein have been investigated by means of electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectroscopy. EMR measurements have been recorded at different temperatures in perpendicular and parallel configurations. The spectra have been interpreted using an approach based on the giant spin model. We confirm the quantum behavior of the MNPs, moreover, the thermal evolution of the spin system in terms of population of excited spin states is showed.
Konsequenzen der Digitalisierung für strukturelle Arbeitsmarktprobleme: Chancen und Risiken
Authors: Walwei Ulrich
Published: December 2016

In the foreseeable future, digitalization will most probably be the main driver of technological change. Implications can not only be expected as a result of smart automation but also across service industries. Digitalization will have various labour market impacts. They potentially refer to the level of employment, the composition of jobs, the demand for certain tasks and requirements of firms regarding skill levels. The main aim of the paper is to give a tentative answer to the question how far digitalization may induce either a worsening or an improvement of structural labour market problems. On the basis of conceptual considerations it deals with issues such as potential skill shortages, persistence of unemployment and the structure of employment forms. The result does not indicate that in the future such structural problems will easily be solved. Instead there is a need for reforms in areas such as education, training, labour market and social policies as well as social dialogue.
Digitalisierung und Wohnen: das vernetzte Zuhause und individualisierte Technologien als Option für das Wohnen im Alter
Authors: Heinze Rolf G.
Published: December 2016

Terms like industry 4.0 or digital health and smart homes dominate mass media as well as many scientific fields in Germany. The digital transformation captures almost any field of life and work. The article focuses on housing and health, especially independent living in old age with the aid of assistive technologies. After overviewing the general ambivalences of digitalisation, the article discusses options and implementation projects as well as future chances of governance in this field.
Targeting Extracellular Cyclophilin A Reduces Neuroinflammation and Extends Survival in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Pasetto Laura , Pozzi Silvia , Castelnovo Mariachiara , Basso Manuela , Estevez Alvaro G. , Fumagalli Stefano , De Simoni Maria Grazia , Castellaneta Valeria , Bigini Paolo , Restelli Elena , Chiesa Roberto , Trojsi Francesca , Monsurrò Maria Rosaria , Callea Leonardo , Malešević Miroslav , Fischer Gunter , Freschi Mattia , Tortarolo Massimo , Bendotti Caterina , Bonetto Valentina
Published: December 2016

Neuroinflammation is a major hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is currently untreatable. Several anti-inflammatory compounds have been evaluated in patients and in animal models of ALS, but have been proven disappointing in part because effective targets have not yet been identified. Cyclophilin A, also known as peptidylprolyl cis-/trans-isomerase A (PPIA), as a foldase is beneficial intracellularly, but extracellularly has detrimental functions. We found that extracellular PPIA is a mediator of neuroinflammation in ALS. It is a major inducer of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and is selectively toxic for motor neurons. High levels of PPIA were found in the CSF of SOD1G93Amice and rats and sporadic ALS patients, suggesting that our findings may be relevant for familial and sporadic cases. A specific inhibitor of extracellular PPIA, MM218, given at symptom onset, rescued motor neurons and extended survival in the SOD1G93Amouse model of familial ALS by 11 d. The treatment resulted in the polarization of glia toward a prohealing phenotype associated with reduced NF-κB activation, proinflammatory markers, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and insoluble phosphorylated TDP-43. Our results indicates that extracellular PPIA is a promising druggable target for ALS and support further studies to develop a therapy to arrest or slow the progression of the disease in patients.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe provide evidence that extracellular cyclophilin A, also known as peptidylprolyl cis-/trans-isomerase A (PPIA), is a mediator of the neuroinflammatory reaction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and is toxic for motor neurons. Supporting this, a specific extracellular PPIA inhibitor reduced neuroinflammation, rescued motor neurons, and extended survival in the SOD1G93Amouse model of familial ALS. Our findings suggest selective pharmacological inhibition of extracellular PPIA as a novel therapeutic strategy, not only for SOD1-linked ALS, but possibly also for sporadic ALS. This approach aims to address the neuroinflammatory reaction that is a major hallmark of ALS. However, given the complexity of the disease, a combination of therapeutic approaches may be necessary.
5-HT2CReceptor Knockdown in the Amygdala Inhibits Neuropathic-Pain-Related Plasticity and Behaviors
Authors: Ji Guangchen , Zhang Wei , Mahimainathan Lenin , Narasimhan Madhusudhanan , Kiritoshi Takaki , Fan Xiuzhen , Wang Jigong , Green Thomas A. , Neugebauer Volker
Published: December 2016

Neuroplasticity in the amygdala drives pain-related behaviors. The central nucleus (CeA) serves major amygdala output functions and can generate emotional-affective behaviors and modulate nocifensive responses. The CeA receives excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the basolateral nucleus (BLA) and serotonin receptor subtype 5-HT2CR in the BLA, but not CeA, has been implicated anxiogenic behaviors and anxiety disorders. Here, we tested the hypothesis that 5-HT2CR in the BLA plays a critical role in CeA plasticity and neuropathic pain behaviors in the rat spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model. Local 5-HT2CR knockdown in the BLA with stereotaxic injection of 5-HT2CR shRNA AAV vector decreased vocalizations and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and increased sensory thresholds of SNL rats, but had no effect in sham controls. Extracellular single-unit recordings of CeA neurons in anesthetized rats showed that 5-HT2CR knockdown blocked the increase in neuronal activity (increased responsiveness, irregular spike firing, and increased burst activity) in SNL rats. At the synaptic level, 5-HT2CR knockdown blocked the increase in excitatory transmission from BLA to CeA recorded in brain slices from SNL rats using whole-cell patch-clamp conditions. Inhibitory transmission was decreased by 5-HT2CR knockdown in control and SNL conditions to a similar degree. The findings can be explained by immunohistochemical data showing increased expression of 5-HT2CR in non-GABAergic BLA cells in SNL rats. The results suggest that increased 5-HT2CR in the BLA contributes to neuropathic-pain-related amygdala plasticity by driving synaptic excitation of CeA neurons. As a rescue strategy, 5-HT2CR knockdown in the BLA inhibits neuropathic-pain-related behaviors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuroplasticity in the amygdala has emerged as an important pain mechanism. This study identifies a novel target and rescue strategy to control abnormally enhanced amygdala activity in an animal model of neuropathic pain. Specifically, an integrative approach of gene transfer, systems and brain slice electrophysiology, behavior, and immunohistochemistry was used to advance the novel concept that serotonin receptor subtype 5-HT2Ccontributes critically to the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory drive of amygdala output neurons. Local viral vector-mediated 5-HT2CR knockdown in the amygdala normalizes the imbalance, decreases neuronal activity, and inhibits neuropathic-pain-related behaviors. The study provides valuable insight into serotonin receptor (dys)function in a limbic brain area.
Neural and Behavioral Evidence for an Online Resetting Process in Visual Working Memory
Authors: Balaban Halely , Luria Roy
Published: December 2016

Visual working memory (VWM) guides behavior by holding a set of active representations and modifying them according to changes in the environment. This updating process relies on a unique mapping between each VWM representation and an actual object in the environment. Here, we destroyed this mapping by either presenting a coherent object but then breaking it into independent parts or presenting an object but then abruptly replacing it with a different object. This allowed us to introduce the neural marker and behavioral consequence of an online resetting process in humans' VWM. Across seven experiments, we demonstrate that this resetting process involves abandoning the old VWM contents because they no longer correspond to the objects in the environment. Then, VWM encodes the novel information and reestablishes the correspondence between the new representations and the objects. The resetting process was marked by a unique neural signature: a sharp drop in the amplitude of the electrophysiological index of VWM contents (the contralateral delay activity), presumably indicating the loss of the existent object-to-representation mappings. This marker was missing when an updating process occurred. Moreover, when tracking moving items, VWM failed to detect salient changes in the object's shape when these changes occurred during the resetting process. This happened despite the object being fully visible, presumably because the mapping between the object and a VWM representation was lost. Importantly, we show that resetting, its neural marker, and the behavioral cost it entails, are specific to situations that involve a destruction of the objects-to-representations correspondence.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual working memory (VWM) maintains task-relevant information in an online state. Previous studies showed that VWM representations are accessed and modified after changes in the environment. Here, we show that this updating process critically depends on an ongoing mapping between the representations and the objects in the environment. When this mapping breaks, VWM cannot access the old representations and instead resets. The novel resetting process that we introduce removes the existing representations instead of modifying them and this process is accompanied by a unique neural marker. During the resetting process, VWM was blind to salient changes in the object's shape. The resetting process highlights the flexibility of our cognitive system in handling the dynamic environment by abruptly abandoning irrelevant schemas.
Population Dynamics of Pometia for The Period of Post-Selective Logging in Tropical Rainforest, Southern Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Murdjoko Agustinus , Marsono Djoko , Sadono Ronggo , Hadisusanto Suwarno
Published: December 2016

Tropical rainforest changed in term of structure, composition and population, resulting from logging. One of target trees during logging is Pometia. Our goals of this research were to answer that (1) How were survival, growth, fecundity and population growth rate (λ) of Pometia within remnant stands?; (2) what were driving factors to explain population dynamics of Pometia within logged forest?. Data were derived from three hectares-permanent sample plot (PSP) in logged forest of PT Tunas Timber Lestari. Integral Projection Models (IPMs) were applied to analyze population dynamics. The study showed dynamically that probability of the individuals of Pometia survived in this area did not significantly differ among their size, while stands showed the significant difference between small and large individuals. The growth of both individuals of Pometia and stands varied significantly in different size. The probability of fecundity both Pometia and stands were significantly different among size. The population of Pometia has been increasing for about a decade as the population of all stands was growing as well. Moreover, the regular documentation of species composition and structure before and after logging is necessary as a control of biodiversity. Therefore, a proper protocol to monitor the biodiversity should be designed by government and disseminated it to logging companies.    

How to Cite

Murdjoko, A., Marsono, D., Sadono, R. & Hadisusanto, S. (2016). Population Dynamics of Pometia for The Period of Post-Selective Logging in Tropical Rainforest, Southern Papua, Indonesia. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 8(3), 321-330. 
Editorial
Authors: García Zapata Teonila Doria , Ruiz Lizama Edgar Cruz , Rojas Lazo Oswaldo José , Inche Mitma Jorge
Published: December 2016

El presente año es un año de cambios. Cambio de gobierno para el país, cambio del Estatuto y de las autoridades de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Todo cambio alberga una esperanza de mejora en el rumbo de una institución. En ese sentido, se espera que tanto el poder ejecutivo como el legistativo y la Universidad combinen esfuerzos en la aspiración de la excelencia académica y el apoyo a la formulación y ejecución de políticas que abran espacios para formar y apoyar a los investigadores, brindándoles espacios profesionales a fin de que puedan generar ingresos que les permitan dedicarse a tiempo completo a la labor investigativa y que, a su vez, los resultados de este esfuerzo contribuyan al desarrollo del Perú.
Modelo general de liderazgo por roles en el contexto peruano. Estudio exploratorio sobre espíritu directivo en el Perú
Authors: Acevedo Borrego Adolfo , Cachay Boza Orestes , Linares Barrantes Carolina
Published: December 2016

El liderazgo es la capacidad de comunicar e influir en la percepción, visión, expectativas y actos de las personas, es un proceso invisible de la dirección que unifica los sistemas empresariales otorgándole un sentido de dirección y futuro a la organización en funcionamiento. Dentro del ambiente académico peruano, la misión de las facultades enfocadas en procesos plantean el liderazgo profesional como un elemento relevante, por otro lado, estudios preliminares definen al profesional como poco comunicativo, reducida disposición a ejercer influencia individual y elevada capacidad de orientar y ejecutar acciones emprendedoras. El liderazgo se plantea con diversas teorías denominadas de rasgos, conductual, de proceso, o de contingencia, cuyas proposiciones no concuerdan con la realidad directiva en el contexto peruano, donde se evidencia la inexistencia de investigaciones en teoría de liderazgo. El objetivo del estudio es plantear que el liderazgo es un papel temporal, un rol asumido según el escenario, posición y situación problemática, tal como se manifiesta en el contexto peruano. La investigación es empírica y exploratoria, comprende el diseño del modelo general de liderazgo por roles y la corroboración cuantitativa de la hipótesis en una muestra de directivos. Los hallazgos indican que el liderazgo es temporal, varía por la visión y posición de la persona, estableciendo una relación líder-seguidor por compromiso o por beneficios, se manifiesta temporalmente según el escenario de actuación de las personas. No se percibe orientación clara hacia algún tipo de rol de liderazgo, esto requiere estudios adicionales en contextos específicos referidos a si el rol de liderazgo asumido cambia cuando cambia el escenario.
Comparación de la curtición con harina de Caesalpinia Spinosa, con una curtición mineral con sulfato de cromo para pieles caprinas
Authors: Hidalgo Almeida Luis Eduardo
Published: December 2016

En el Laboratorio de Curtiembre de Pieles de la FCP, de la ESPOCH, se realizó la comparación de la curtición con extracto de polifenoles vegetales de Caesalpinia spinosa, con una curtición mineral con sulfato de cromo para pieles caprinas, es decir se aplicaron 2 tratamientos con 7 repeticiones cada uno y, en dos ensayos consecutivos dando un total de 28 unidades experimentales, modelados bajo un diseño completamente al Azar en arreglo bifactorial. Los resultados indican que La curtición más adecuado fue al utilizar Polifenoles vegetales de Caesalpinia spinosa (tara), ya que se logra obtener cueros de muy buena clasificación, observándose que el porcentaje de elongación (72,12%) y resistencia a la tensión (333,24 N/ cm2), no registraron diferencias estadísticas sin embargo numéricamente se aprecia superioridad en los cueros curtidos al vegetal (T1), al igual que para la temperatura de encogimiento, (92,86oC), siendo las diferencias altamente significativas. La evaluación sensorial determina mayor llenura (4,50 puntos), al utilizar curtiente vegetal (T1), mientras tanto que finura de flor (4,57 puntos) y plenitud (4,71 puntos), con sulfato de cromo. La evaluación económica determina que la curtición con Polifenoles vegetales (T1), proporciona mayor rentabilidad al proceso productivo ya que al ser la relación beneficio costo de 1,37, indica una ganancia de 37%; Por lo que se recomienda utiliza la curtición vegetal con Polifenoles vegetales de la tara ya que se mejora las características del cuero, permitiendo dotar a los artesanos de una materia prima elevada que se reflejara sobre el artículo final como es el calzado.