bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desulfurization of Model Oil by Selective Adsorption over Porous Boron Nitride Fibers with Tailored Microstructures
Authors: Yan Zhiyi , Lin Jing , Yuan Xiaohai , Song Tao , Yu Chao , Liu Zhenya , He Xin , Liang Jianli , Tang Chengchun , Huang Yang
Published: June 2017

We report on the controllable synthesis of porous BN microfibers and explore their applications as adsorbent for removing dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model oil. The growth evolution of porous BN microfibers has been carefully investigated by correlating their structural characteristics with their synthesis conditions. The as-prepared BN microfibers exhibit very high adsorption capacity for DBT (86 mg S g−1 according to the Langmuir isotherm model), showing excellent adsorptive desulfurization performance. The porous BN after adsorption can be regenerated by a simply heat treatment. After four times recycling, the regenerated adsorption capacity still remains more than 83% of that at the first adsorption. The superb oxidation resistance and chemical inertness, high sulfur adsorption capacity, as well as excellent regeneration performance render the developed porous BN microfibers to be a decent adsorbent for sulfur removal from fuels.
An Arabidopsis mutant with high operating efficiency of Photosystem II and low chlorophyll fluorescence
Authors: van Tol Niels , Rolloos Martijn , Augustijn Dieuwertje , Alia A. , de Groot Huub J. , Hooykaas Paul J. J. , van der Zaal Bert J.
Published: June 2017

The overall light energy to biomass conversion efficiency of plant photosynthesis is generally regarded as low. Forward genetic screens in Arabidopsis have yielded very few mutants with substantially enhanced photochemistry. Here, we report the isolation of a novel Arabidopsis mutant with a high operating efficiency of Photosystem II (φPSII) and low chlorophyll fluorescence from a library of lines harboring T-DNA constructs encoding artificial transcription factors. This mutant was named Low Chlorophyll Fluorescence 1 (LCF1). Only a single T-DNA insertion was detected in LCF1, which interrupted the expression of the full length mRNA of the gene At4g36280 (MORC2). We demonstrate that the high φPSII and low levels of chlorophyll fluorescence were due to a decrease in PSII:PSI ratio. Although LCF1 plants had decreased rosette surface area and biomass under normal growth conditions, they contained more starch per gram fresh weight. The growth defect of LCF1 was alleviated by low light and short day conditions, and growth could even be enhanced after a period of dark-induced senescence, showing that the plant can utilize its excess photosynthetic conversion capacity as a resource when needed.
Benzo(a)pyrene triggers desensitization of β2-adrenergic pathway
Authors: Mayati Abdullah , Podechard Normand , Rineau Manuelle , Sparfel Lydie , Lagadic-Gossmann Dominique , Fardel Olivier , Le Ferrec Eric
Published: June 2017

Exposure to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), has been linked to several health-threatening risks. PAHs were also shown to hinder adrenergic receptor (ADR) responses. As we previously demonstrated that B(a)P can directly interact with the β2ADR, we investigated here whether B(a)P could decrease β2ADR responsiveness by triggering receptor desensitization phenomena. We firstly showed that exposure to B(a)P reduced β2ADR-mediated epinephrine-induced induction of NR4A gene mRNAs and of intracellular cAMP. Analysis of β2ADR protein expression demonstrated that B(a)P rapidly decreased membrane expression of β2ADR with a subsequent degradation of receptor protein. B(a)P exposure concomitantly rapidly increased the β2ADR mRNA levels. The use of the β-blockers, propranolol and ICI 118.551, demonstrated the involvement of β2ADR itself in this increase. However, sustained exposure to B(a)P induced a diminution of β2ADR mRNA steady-state as a result of the acceleration of its degradation. Together, these results show that, beside the well-known activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, PAH deleterious effects may involve the dysfunction of adrenergic responses through, in part, the desensitization of β2ADR. This may be taken in consideration when β2-agonists/antagonists are administered in patients exposed to important concentrations of PAHs, e.g. in cigarette smokers.
Neural Correlates underlying Size Constancy in Virtual Three-Dimensional Space
Authors: Xia Jing , Wang Pengfei , Chen Qi
Published: June 2017

The perceived size of an object remains relatively constant although its retinal size keeps decreasing as the object moves away along the depth dimension of the 3D space, i.e. size constancy. Neural mechanisms generating size constancy in virtual 3D space, however, remain poorly understood. By constructing a virtual 3D world in the MR scanner, we positioned the same 3D objects either near or far from the observers so that the near and far objects were perceived as having the same physical size despite their differences in retinal size. To control for the effect of differential retinal size, an additional 2D condition was introduced: a large and a small object, with matched retinal images as the near and far objects in the 3D condition, respectively, were presented on a 2D screen. Differences in retinal size activated overlapped areas in bilateral inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) in both experiments. The overlapped areas in IOG, however, showed different patterns of functional connectivity with different neural networks, depending on the perceived size of objects. In particular, IOG showed enhanced connectivity with bilateral superior parietal cortex in the 2D condition, but with inferior temporal and prefrontal cortex in the virtual 3D condition, i.e., size constancy.
DC-SIGN and Toll-like receptor 4 mediate oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages
Authors: Yang Ke , Liu Xinhe , Liu Yan , Wang Xinqiong , Cao Lijuan , Zhang Xiaojie , Xu Chundi , Shen Weifeng , Zhou Tong
Published: June 2017

The regulation of inflammatory responses by innate immune receptors is recognized as a crucial step in the development of atherosclerosis, although the precise molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study focused on illustrating the roles of dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN)- and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-regulated inflammatory responses in macrophages. We found that DC-SIGN expression levels were increased in macrophages of atherosclerotic plaques. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) significantly enhanced DC-SIGN protein expression levels after a short-term exposure. Knockdown of DC-SIGN decreased expression and secretion of interleukin 1-β (IL1-β), monocyte chemo-attractant protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that DC-SIGN and TLR4 co-localized in regions of the plaques. Moreover, DC-SIGN was co-expressed with TLR4 on the plasma membrane after oxLDL stimulation. The presence of an endogenous interaction and the results of the in vitro pull-down assays revealed that DC-SIGN binds directly with TLR4. We also present evidence that DC-SIGN mediates TLR4-regulated NFκB activation but not activation of p38 and JNK. Our results suggest an essential role of DC-SIGN/TLR4 signaling in macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Live-single-cell phenotypic cancer biomarkers-future role in precision oncology?
Authors: Sant Grannum R. , Knopf Kevin B. , Albala David M.
Published: June 2017

The promise of precision and personalized medicine is rooted in accurate, highly sensitive, and specific disease biomarkers. This is particularly true for cancer-a disease characterized by marked tumor heterogeneity and diverse molecular signatures. Although thousands of biomarkers have been described, only a very small number have been successfully translated into clinical use. Undoubtedly, there is need for rapid, quantitative, and more cost effective biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis, to allow for better risk stratification and aid clinicians in making personalized treatment decisions. This is particularly true for cancers where specific biomarkers are either not available (e.g., renal cell carcinoma) or where current biomarkers tend to classify individuals into broad risk categories unable to accurately assess individual tumor aggressiveness and adverse pathology potential (e.g., prostate cancer), thereby leading to problems of over-diagnosis and over-treatment of indolent cancer and under-treatment of aggressive cancer. This perspective highlights an emerging class of cancer biomarkers-live-single-cell phenotypic biomarkers, as compared to genomic biomarkers, and their potential application for cancer diagnosis, risk-stratification, and prognosis.
Cellular uptake of nanoparticles: journey inside the cell
Authors: Behzadi Shahed , Serpooshan Vahid , Tao Wei , Hamaly Majd A. , Alkawareek Mahmoud Y. , Dreaden Erik C. , Brown Dennis , Alkilany Alaaldin M. , Farokhzad Omid C. , Mahmoudi Morteza
Published: June 2017

Cellular association and trafficking of nanoscale materials enables us to both understand and exploit context-dependent phenomena in various disease states, their pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic approaches.
Radical cascade cyclization of 1,n-enynes and diynes for the synthesis of carbocycles and heterocycles
Authors: Xuan Jun , Studer Armido
Published: June 2017

This review highlights recent advances in radical cascade cyclization of 1,n-enynes and diynes for the construction of carbo- and heterocycles.
Deconvolution of the isotopic drift in LC-MC-ICPMS coupling: a new tool for studying isotope fractionation induced by sample introduction techniques
Authors: Gourgiotis Alkiviadis , Manhès Gérard , Martelat Benoît , Isnard Hélène
Published: June 2017

This paper describes a method for the deconvolution of the chromatographic and the electronic drift in a LC-MC-ICPMS coupling.
A novel nanozyme assay utilising the catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles and SERRS
Authors: Sloan-Dennison Sian , Laing Stacey , Shand Neil C. , Graham Duncan , Faulds Karen
Published: June 2017

Artificial enzymes have become an increasingly interesting area of research due to their many advantages over natural protein enzymes which are expensive, difficult to isolate and unable to stand harsh environments.
Viscoelastic hydrogels for 3D cell culture
Authors: Chaudhuri Ovijit
Published: June 2017

This mini-review discusses newly developed approaches to tuning hydrogel viscoelasticity and recent studies demonstrating an impact of viscoelasticity on cells.
Cell migration on material-driven fibronectin microenvironments
Authors: Grigoriou E. , Cantini M. , Dalby M. J. , Petersen A. , Salmeron-Sanchez M.
Published: June 2017

Cell migration depends on the physical state of fibronectin, fibrillarvs.globular, which can be controlled by engineering biomaterials.
Tracking thermal-induced amorphization of a zeolitic imidazolate framework via synchrotron in situ far-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Ryder Matthew R. , Bennett Thomas D. , Kelley Chris S. , Frogley Mark D. , Cinque Gianfelice , Tan Jin-Chong
Published: June 2017

We present an in situ far-infrared spectroscopy technique to follow vibrational motion changes during the thermal amorphization process of a ZIF material.
Single site silica supported tetramethyl niobium by the SOMC strategy: synthesis, characterization and structure–activity relationship in the ethylene oligomerization reaction
Authors: Hamieh Ali , Dey Raju , Nekoueishahraki Bijan , Samantaray Manoja K. , Chen Yin , Abou-Hamad Edy , Basset Jean-Marie
Published: June 2017

Facile synthesis of two SOMC-based niobium methyl complexes which showed different selectivity in ethylene oligomerization.
A supramolecular assembly based on an engineered hemoprotein exhibiting a thermal stimulus-driven conversion to a new distinct supramolecular structure
Authors: Oohora Koji , Onuma Yoshitaka , Tanaka Yuta , Onoda Akira , Hayashi Takashi
Published: June 2017

An engineered hemoprotein monomer forms a stable fiber-type assembly and metastable micelle-type assembly induced by transient thermal stimulus.
Intracellular delivery of a catalytic organometallic complex
Authors: Indrigo Eugenio , Clavadetscher Jessica , Chankeshwara Sunay V. , Megia-Fernandez Alicia , Lilienkampf Annamaria , Bradley Mark
Published: June 2017

We show the intracellular delivery of a homogeneous palladium–peptide catalyst able to bioorthogonally activate a profluorophore inside living prostate cancer cells.
The efficient synthesis and purification of amyloid-β(1–42) using an oligoethylene glycol-containing photocleavable lysine tag
Authors: Karas John A. , Noor Asif , Schieber Christine , Connell Timothy U. , Separovic Frances , Donnelly Paul S.
Published: June 2017

An oligoethylene glycol-containing photocleavable lysine tag was developed to facilitate the efficient synthesis and purification of the Aβ42 peptide.
Enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indole bearing a chiral quaternary carbon center via Pd(ii)–SPRIX-catalyzed C–H activation
Authors: Abozeid Mohamed Ahmed , Sairenji Shiho , Takizawa Shinobu , Fujita Makoto , Sasai Hiroaki
Published: June 2017

Pd(ii)–SPRIX promotes the first highly enantioselective cyclization of 3-alkenylindoles into the corresponding indoles bearing a chiral quaternary carbon center via C–H activation and an assisting effect by the allyl substituent.
A ferrocene based switchable molecular folding ruler
Authors: Scottwell Synøve Ø. , Barnsley Jonathan E. , McAdam C. John , Gordon Keith C. , Crowley James D.
Published: June 2017

A bis(ferrocene) three tiered molecular folding ruler can be induced to undergo a large scale extension and contraction process using either chemical or better electrochemical methods.
Achieving the highest efficiency using a BODIPY core decorated with dithiafulvalene wings for small molecule based solution-processed organic solar cells
Authors: Srinivasa Rao R. , Bagui Anirban , Hanumantha Rao G. , Gupta Vinay , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: June 2017

A novel boron dipyrromethene based dye, coded as BODIPY-DTF, decorated with dithiafulvalene wings has been developed for solar cell application.
Copper-mediated C–H cyanation of (hetero)arenes with ethyl (ethoxymethylene)cyanoacetate as a cyanating agent
Authors: Qi Chaorong , Hu Xiaohan , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: June 2017

A copper-mediated direct C–H cyanation reaction of (hetero)arenes with ethyl (ethoxymethylene)cyanoacetate as a safe cyanating agent has been developed.
Cobaloxime-catalyzed hydration of terminal alkynes without acidic promoters
Authors: Hou Shengtai , Yang Hongjian , Cheng Bin , Zhai Hongbin , Li Yun
Published: June 2017

Cobaloxime [Co(dmgBF2)2·2H2O], an inexpensive first-row transition-metal complex, catalyzed hydration of terminal alkynes gave the corresponding methyl ketones in good to excellent yields under neutral conditions.
Cation distribution: a key to ascertain the magnetic interactions in a cobalt substituted Mg–Mn nanoferrite matrix
Authors: Kumar Gagan , Kotnala R. K. , Shah Jyoti , Kumar Vijay , Kumar Arun , Dhiman Pooja , Singh M.
Published: June 2017

The effect of Co2+ substitution into nanocrystalline Mg–Mn ferrite synthesized by a solution combustion technique has been studied.
Electronic structure and time-dependent description of rotational predissociation of LiH
Authors: Jasik P. , Sienkiewicz J. E. , Domsta J. , Henriksen N. E.
Published: June 2017

The adiabatic potential energy curves of the LiH molecule have been calculated. By solving the TDSE, the classical experiment of Velasco on dissociation in the 1Π state has been explained for the first time in detail.
New insights into the solubility of graphene oxide in water and alcohols
Authors: Neklyudov Vadim V. , Khafizov Nail R. , Sedov Igor A. , Dimiev Ayrat M.
Published: June 2017

Here we demonstrate that the solubility of GO, and the stability of as-formed solutions depend not just on the solute and solvent cohesion parameters, as commonly believed, but mostly on the chemical interactions at the GO/solvent interface.
Efficient simulation of ultrafast magnetic resonance experiments
Authors: Guduff Ludmilla , Allami Ahmed J. , van Heijenoort Carine , Dumez Jean-Nicolas , Kuprov Ilya
Published: June 2017

We present a convenient and powerful simulation formalism for ultrafast NMR spectroscopy. The formalism is based on the Fokker–Planck equation that supports systems with complicated combinations of classical spatial dynamics and quantum mechanical spin dynamics.
Bio-inspired intelligent evaporation modulation in a thermo-sensitive nanogel colloid solution for self-thermoregulation
Authors: Huang Zhi , Liu Kang , Feng Yanhui , Zhou Jun , Zhang Xinxin
Published: June 2017

We demonstrate that a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) colloid solution can spontaneously and intelligently modulate its evaporation rate, performing just like human skin.
Correction: An updated roadmap for the integration of metal–organic frameworks with electronic devices and chemical sensors
Authors: Stassen Ivo , Burtch Nicholas C. , Talin A. Alec , Falcaro Paolo , Allendorf Mark D. , Ameloot Rob
Published: June 2017

Correction for ‘An updated roadmap for the integration of metal–organic frameworks with electronic devices and chemical sensors’ by Ivo Stassen et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00122c.
Impact on short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) from a realistic land-use change scenario via changes in biogenic emissions
Authors: Scott C. E. , Monks S. A. , Spracklen D. V. , Arnold S. R. , Forster P. M. , Rap A. , Carslaw K. S. , Chipperfield M. P. , Reddington C. L. S. , Wilson C.
Published: June 2017

More than one quarter of natural forests have been cleared by humans to make way for other land-uses, with changes to forest cover projected to continue. The climate impact of land-use change (LUC) is dependent upon the relative strength of several biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects. In addition to affecting the surface albedo and exchanging carbon dioxide (CO2) and moisture with the atmosphere, vegetation emits biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), altering the formation of short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) including aerosol, ozone (O3) and methane (CH4). Once emitted, BVOCs are rapidly oxidised by O3, and the hydroxyl (OH) and nitrate (NO3) radicals. These oxidation reactions yield secondary organic products which are implicated in the formation and growth of aerosol particles and are estimated to have a negative radiative effect on the climate (i.e. a cooling). These reactions also deplete OH, increasing the atmospheric lifetime of CH4, and directly affect concentrations of O3; the latter two being greenhouse gases which impose a positive radiative effect (i.e. a warming) on the climate. Our previous work assessing idealised deforestation scenarios found a positive radiative effect due to changes in SLCFs; however, since the radiative effects associated with changes to SLCFs result from a combination of non-linear processes it may not be appropriate to scale radiative effects from complete deforestation scenarios according to the deforestation extent. Here we combine a land-surface model, a chemical transport model, a global aerosol model, and a radiative transfer model to assess the net radiative effect of changes in SLCFs due to historical LUC between the years 1850 and 2000.
Producing wood-based nanomaterials by rapid fractionation of wood at 80 °C using a recyclable acid hydrotrope
Authors: Bian Huiyang , Chen Liheng , Gleisner R. , Dai Hongqi , Zhu J. Y.
Published: June 2017

Here we report the unparalleled performance of a novel acid hydrotrope, p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH), for the rapid and nearly-complete dissolution of wood lignin below the boiling temperature of water.
Hydrolytic hydrogenation of chitin to amino sugar alcohol
Authors: Kobayashi Hirokazu , Techikawara Kota , Fukuoka Atsushi
Published: June 2017

The most abundant marine biomass, chitin, is converted to an amino sugar alcohol in 52% yield by a two-pot three-step reaction.
Suppression of oligomer formation in glucose dehydration by CO2 and tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Fu Xing , Dai Jinhang , Guo Xiawei , Tang Jinqiang , Zhu Liangfang , Hu Changwei
Published: June 2017

The synergetic action of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and low-pressure CO2 (1.0 MPa) is favourable for effective inhibition of humin precursor (i.e., oligomer) formation in the conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).
Biological phytic acid as a multifunctional curing agent for elastomers: towards skin-touchable and flame retardant electronic sensors
Authors: Guo Quanquan , Cao Jie , Han Yangyang , Tang Yumeng , Zhang Xinxing , Lu Canhui
Published: June 2017

A skin-touchable and flame retardant electronic sensor is fabricated by integrating green chemistry with nanostructure design.
Droplet-based light-sheet fluorescence microscopy for high-throughput sample preparation, 3-D imaging and quantitative analysis on a chip
Authors: Jiang Hao , Zhu Tingting , Zhang Hao , Nie Jun , Guan Zeyi , Ho Chi-Ming , Liu Sheng , Fei Peng
Published: June 2017

An optofluidic device interfaces droplet microfluidics with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy for on-chip, high-throughput sample compartmentalization and 3-D imaging.
A simple and highly sensitive spectroscopic fluorescence-detection system for multi-channel plastic-microchip electrophoresis based on side-entry laser-beam zigzag irradiation
Authors: Anazawa Takashi , Uchiho Yuichi , Yokoi Takahide , Chalkidis George , Yamazaki Motohiro
Published: June 2017

Fluorescence from eight A channels and Raman-scattered light from seven B channels, induced by a side-entry laser beam, were simultaneously, uniformly, and spectroscopically detected.
Highly water soluble room temperature superionic liquids of APIs
Authors: Carrera Gonçalo V. S. M. , Santos Miguel M. , Costa Alexandra , Rebelo Luis Paulo N. , Marrucho Isabel M. , Nunes da Ponte M. , Branco Luis C.
Published: June 2017

Herein a straightforward approach for the enhancement of the water solubility of common antibiotic and NSAID active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is presented.
Multi-responsive actuators based on a graphene oxide composite: intelligent robot and bioinspired applications
Authors: Chen Luzhuo , Weng Mingcen , Zhou Peidi , Zhang Lingling , Huang Zhigao , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2017

We report multi-responsive actuators based on a graphene oxide composite. An intelligent robot and a bioinspired robot arm are fabricated to demonstrate potential applications.
Extending the limits of direct force measurements: colloidal probes from sub-micron particles
Authors: Helfricht Nicolas , Mark Andreas , Dorwling-Carter Livie , Zambelli Tomaso , Papastavrou Georg
Published: June 2017

Long-range interactions between sub-micron silica particles have been determined by means of a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with nanofluidics, which allows for a temporary immobilization of small probe particles by an external pressure.
Synthesis of functionalised azepanes and piperidines from bicyclic halogenated aminocyclopropane derivatives
Authors: Chen Cheng , Kattanguru Pullaiah , Tomashenko Olesya A. , Karpowicz Rafał , Siemiaszko Gabriela , Bhattacharya Ahanjit , Calasans Vinícius , Six Yvan
Published: June 2017

Reductive amination of aldehydes or ketones with suitable dihalogenated bicyclic aminocyclopropanes gives functionalised ring-expanded products in a single step.
Stimuli-responsive nucleic acid-functionalized metal–organic framework nanoparticles using pH- and metal-ion-dependent DNAzymes as locks
Authors: Chen Wei-Hai , Yu Xu , Cecconello Alessandro , Sohn Yang Sung , Nechushtai Rachel , Willner Itamar
Published: June 2017

Drug-loaded DNA-capped metal–organic framework nanoparticles are unlocked by pH or Mg2+ ions/ATP triggers, resulting in the release of the loads.
Correction: Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) as a model for studying inhibition of protein–protein interactions
Authors: Burslem George M. , Kyle Hannah F. , Nelson Adam , Edwards Thomas A. , Wilson Andrew J.
Published: June 2017

Correction for ‘Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) as a model for studying inhibition of protein–protein interactions’ by George M. Burslem et al., Chem. Sci., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00388a.
Combined control of the cation and anion to make ZnSnON thin films for visible-light phototransistors with high responsivity
Authors: Xie Yufang , Javaid Kashif , Gao Junhua , Zhang Hongliang , Liang Lingyan , Zhuge Fei , Cao Hongtao , Wang Le , Lu Yicheng
Published: June 2017

Superior stability and high responsivity thin film phototransistors were constructed using a novel oxynitride semiconductor, ZnSnON, as the channel layer.
The Effects of Enhanced Milieu Teaching With Phonological Emphasis on the Speech and Language Skills of Young Children With Cleft Palate: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kaiser Ann P. , Scherer Nancy J. , Frey Jennifer R. , Roberts Megan Y.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the extent to which a naturalistic communication intervention, enhanced milieu teaching with phonological emphasis (EMT+ PE), improved the language and speech outcomes of toddlers with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P).

Method

Nineteen children between 15 and 36 months (M= 25 months) with nonsyndromic CL/P and typical cognitive development were randomly assigned to a treatment (EMT+PE) or nontreatment, business-as-usual (BAU), experimental condition. Participants in the treatment group received forty-eight 30-min sessions, biweekly during a 6-month period. Treatment was delivered in a university clinic by trained speech language pathologists; fidelity of treatment was high across participants.

Results

Children in the treatment group had significantly better receptive language scores and a larger percentage of consonants correct than children in the BAU group at the end of intervention. Children in the treatment group made greater gains than children in the BAU group on most language measures; however, only receptive language, expressive vocabulary (per parent report), and consonants correct were significant.

Conclusions

The results of this preliminary study indicate that EMT+PE is a promising early intervention for young children with CL/P. Replication with a larger sample and long-term follow-up measures are needed.
Speech Motor Sequence Learning: Acquisition and Retention in Parkinson Disease and Normal Aging
Authors: Whitfield Jason A. , Goberman Alexander M.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The aim of the current investigation was to examine speech motor sequence learning in neurologically healthy younger adults, neurologically healthy older adults, and individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) over a 2-day period.

Method

A sequential nonword repetition task was used to examine learning over 2 days. Participants practiced a sequence of 6 monosyllabic nonwords that was retested following nighttime sleep. The speed and accuracy of the nonword sequence were measured, and learning was inferred by examining performance within and between sessions.

Results

Though all groups exhibited comparable improvements of the nonword sequence performance during the initial session, between-session retention of the nonword sequence differed between groups. Younger adult controls exhibited offline gains, characterized by an increase in the speed and accuracy of nonword sequence performance across sessions, whereas older adults exhibited stable between-session performance. Individuals with PD exhibited offline losses, marked by an increase in sequence duration between sessions.

Conclusions

The current results demonstrate that both PD and normal aging affect retention of speech motor learning. Furthermore, these data suggest that basal ganglia dysfunction associated with PD may affect the later stages of speech motor learning. Findings from the current investigation are discussed in relation to studies examining consolidation of nonspeech motor learning.
The Changing View of Input in the Treatment of Children With Grammatical Deficits
Authors: Leonard Laurence B. , Deevy Patricia
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to present 3 approaches that emphasize the role that input plays in the treatment of grammatical deficits in children with language impairments.

Method

These approaches—input informativeness, competing sources of input, and high variability—were selected because they go beyond issues of token frequency and emphasize instead type frequency, relative frequency, and frequency at an abstract as well as a concrete level of grammar. Each of these approaches can be applied to the grammatical deficits seen in children with specific language impairment and can be readily used with well-established procedures, such as focused stimulation and recasting.

Results

Each approach is supported by a body of laboratory research with children with typical language skills, and the feasibility of each has been tested in studies with a treatment design. Furthermore, the assumptions of the 3 approaches are largely compatible, permitting application of combinations of these approaches without violating any of their principles.

Conclusion

The positive findings from each of these approaches should serve as a basis for further clinical research.
The Downside of Greater Lexical Influences: Selectively Poorer Speech Perception in Noise
Authors: Lam Boji P. W. , Xie Zilong , Tessmer Rachel , Chandrasekaran Bharath
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Although lexical information influences phoneme perception, the extent to which reliance on lexical information enhances speech processing in challenging listening environments is unclear. We examined the extent to which individual differences in lexical influences on phonemic processing impact speech processing in maskers containing varying degrees of linguistic information (2-talker babble or pink noise).

Method

Twenty-nine monolingual English speakers were instructed to ignore the lexical status of spoken syllables (e.g.,
gift
vs.
kift
) and to only categorize the initial phonemes (/
g
/ vs. /
k
/). The same participants then performed speech recognition tasks in the presence of 2-talker babble or pink noise in audio-only and audiovisual conditions.

Results

Individuals who demonstrated greater lexical influences on phonemic processing experienced greater speech processing difficulties in 2-talker babble than in pink noise. These selective difficulties were present across audio-only and audiovisual conditions.

Conclusion

Individuals with greater reliance on lexical processes during speech perception exhibit impaired speech recognition in listening conditions in which competing talkers introduce audible linguistic interferences. Future studies should examine the locus of lexical influences/interferences on phonemic processing and speech-in-speech processing.
Sensitivity of the Speech Intelligibility Index to the Assumed Dynamic Range
Authors: Jin In-Ki , Kates James M. , Arehart Kathryn H.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the sensitivity of the speech intelligibility index (SII) to the assumed speech dynamic range (DR) in different languages and with different types of stimuli.

Method

Intelligibility prediction uses the absolute transfer function (ATF) to map the SII value to the predicted intelligibility for a given stimuli. To evaluate the sensitivity of the predicted intelligibility to the assumed DR, ATF-transformed SII scores for English (words), Korean (sentences), and Mandarin (sentences) were derived for DRs ranging from 10 dB to 60 dB.

Results

Increasing the assumed DR caused steeper ATFs for all languages. However, high correlation coefficients between predicted and measured intelligibility scores were observed for DRs from 20 dB to 60 dB for ATFs in English, Korean, and Mandarin.

Conclusions

Results of the present study indicate that the intelligibility computed from the SII is not sensitive to the assumed DR. The 30-dB DR commonly used in computing the SII is thus a reasonable assumption that produces accurate predictions for different languages and different types of stimuli.
Execution time analysis and optimisation techniques in the model‐based development of a flight control software
Authors: Nürnberger Kajetan , Hochstrasser Markus , Holzapfel Florian
Published: June 2017

This case study analyses the possibilities to improve the execution time of model‐based developed software by applying optimisations during code generation and compilation. The present case study is performed on flight control software, for which safety aspects are accounted throughout the development. Therefore, a formally verified compiler is used for the optimisation during the compilation. The optimisation is evaluated by execution time measurements on the target and a static worst‐case execution time analysis. Based on the results, recommendations for certain model patterns are given, which impact the worst‐case execution time analysis.
How Does Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution in Nitroarenes Really Proceed: General Mechanism
Authors: Mąkosza Mieczysław
Published: June 2017

On the basis of previously published experimental studies and ab initio calculations, a general corrected mechanism of nucleophilic aromatic substitution was formulated. It was shown that conventional nucleophilic substitution of halogens is a slow secondary reaction whereas nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen is the fast primary process. The general mechanism embraces both of these alternative and complementary reactions.
Synthetic Strategies for the Modification of Diclofenac
Authors: Schneider Rudolf , Schmidt Stephan , Hanelt Sven , Canitz Carsten , Hoffmann Holger , Garbe Leif-Alexander
Published: June 2017

For many heterogeneous sensor applications as well as the synthesis of hapten antigens to produce antibodies, protein conjugates of the target substance are essential. A requirement is that the target substance already offers or is modified to contain a functionality that allows for coupling to a protein, that is, an amino acid residue. Ideally, to avoid shielding of the compound by the carrier protein, a sufficient distance to the protein surface should be provided. With its carboxyl function diclofenac (DCF) allows for direct binding to lysine residues after in situ synthesis of the NHS ester. One problem is that diclofenac as free acid tends to autocondensation, which results in low yields. Here we describe the ‘insertion’ of a C6 spacer via synthesis of the amide with 6-aminohexanoic acid. To carry out the reaction in solution, first the methyl ester of the amino acid had to be produced. Due to otherwise low yields and large cleaning efforts, solid-phase synthesis on Fmoc Ahx Wang resin is recommended. The crude product is mainly contaminated by cleavage products from the resin which were removed by chromatography. The structure of the highly pure hapten was completely determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
Superficial Temporal Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Using a Thick STA after Endarterectomy: A Rescue Technique
Authors: Tamase Akira , Kamide Tomoya , Mori Kentaro , Seki Syunsuke , Iida Yu , Kawabata Yuichi , Nakano Tatsu , Shima Hiroshi , Yanagimoto Kunio , Nomura Motohiro
Published: June 2017

Background and Objective Superficial temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass is a procedure to reconstruct cerebral blood flow in the MCA territory. In some cases, the STA wall is thickened and the size discrepancy between STA and MCA is apparent. In such a situation, STA-MCA bypass is challenging. We present two patients who underwent STA-MCA bypass using STA in which a thickened intima was removed. We discuss the usefulness of this rescue technique.

Patients and Results A patient with an atherosclerotic MCA occlusion and another with an occluded internal carotid artery are included. Endarterectomy of STA was performed before or during anastomosis, and the intima-resected STA was anastomosed to MCA. In both cases, the STA was thick and hard, and it was difficult to anastomose the STA as it was to the MCA. Patency of the bypass was confirmed by postoperative angiography.

Conclusion Endarterectomy of a thickened STA might be an effective rescue technique in cases with severely atherosclerotic STA in STA-MCA bypass.
Brain Metastases of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Prognostic Factors in Patients with Surgical Resection
Authors: Antuña Aida , Sanchez Carmen , Fernandez Vanesa , Vega Marco
Published: June 2017

Background and Study Aims Bronchogenic carcinoma is the cancer that most commonly metastasizes to the brain. The standard treatment schedule for these patients is still unclear, although recommendation level 1 class I advocates for surgical resection together with postoperative whole-brain radiotherapy for patients with good Karnofsky performance status (KPS). We performed a study to identify prognostic factors for the long-term survival of patients with brain metastases from non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients This retrospective single-center study included 71 patients with brain metastases from NSCLC having undergone surgical metastasectomy between January 2002 and January 2015.

Results The average age was 58.8 years. A total of 85.9% of the lesions were located in the supratentorial region, 61.9% of the lesions were < 3 cm, and 80.3% of cases were solitary brain metastases. Complete resection was achieved in 90.1% of patients. Clinical debut with motor involvement was associated with higher rates of incomplete surgical resection. Patients with motor deficits had a worse preoperative KPS. The preoperative KPS was > 70 in 74.6% of patients, and the postoperative KPS was > 70 in 85.9% of patients. Overall, 84.5% of the brain surgeries had no complications. Brain metastases were diagnosed as a synchronous presentation in 64.7% of patients.

The average survival after brain surgery was 20.38 months. The survival rate was 66.2% at 6 months, 45.1% at 12 months, 22.5% at 24 months, 14.1% at 36 months, and 8.5% at 48 months. Patients < 55 years of age showed a higher survival rate at 12 months and 48 months. Patients > 70 years of age showed a higher mortality rate at 6 months. Complete surgical brain metastasis resection was associated with an increased survival at 6 months, and patients undergoing primary lung surgery had better survival rates at 48 months. A preoperative KPS > 70% improved the prognosis of patients at 6 and 24 months. Surgical complications reduced survival at 6 and 12 months.

Conclusion Surgical resection may be beneficial for a given group of patients: a preoperative KPS > 70; age < 55 years, complete surgical brain metastasis resection, no surgical complications, patients with primary lung surgery, and complete radiotherapy treatment. We did not find any significant difference regarding further factors that probably affect survival rates such as size or number of metastases.
Frequency of Cervical Nodal Metastasis in Early-Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue
Authors: Ahmed Sadaf , Junaid Montasir , Awan Sohail , Kazi Maliha , Khan Hareem , Halim Sohail
Published: June 2017

Introduction Oral cavity carcinoma is an aggressive tumor, with the tongue being one of the most common subsites of involvement. Surgery is a gold standard method of dealing with advanced-stage tumors. However, for early-stage carcinomas of the tongue, the management remains controversial. Several studies have indicated that early-stage cancers have a high chance of occult cervical node metastasis, which, if left untreated, can greatly affect the prognosis. Certain parameters can help identify patients with occult cervical node metastases, and can avoid unnecessary neck dissection in node negative patients. Tumor thickness is one such objective parameter.

Objective To estimate the frequency of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with early-stage, node-negative (N0) squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

Methods In-patient hospital data was reviewed from January 2013 until March 2014, and 78 patients who underwent primary resection of the tumor and neck dissection for biopsy-proven, early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were included. Data such as tumor thickness, tumor differentiation and presence of occult nodal metastasis in the surgical specimen were gathered from the histopathology reports. The frequency of subclinical cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue was estimated.

Results A total of 69% of the patients with tumor thicknesses > 5 mm had tumor metastases in the neck nodes, while 100% of the patients with tumor thicknesses < 5 mm had no neck nodal metastasis.

Conclusion A tumor thickness > 5 mm is significantly associated with subclinical metastasis, and prophylactic neck dissection is warranted in such cases.
Telemetric Intracranial Pressure Recording via a Shunt System Integrated Sensor: A Safety and Feasibility Study
Authors: Hermann Elvis , Heissler Hans , Krauss Joachim , Ertl Philipp
Published: June 2017

Background The dynamics of intracranial pressure (ICP) after shunt surgery in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) are poorly known. Temporarily implanted parenchymal pressure probes are reliable for accurate ICP monitoring; however, a disadvantage of this method is that the ICP probe has to be explanted after a period of time, requiring additional surgery. We present two patients with NPH with an integrated ICP measuring device in the shunt system that allows for long-term postoperative telemetric monitoring of ICP.

Methods Two patients (one man, 66 years old, and one woman, 78 years old) with normal pressure hydrocephalus underwent shunt surgery using the Aesculap-Miethke Sensor Reservoir (Potsdam) as an ICP measuring device integrated in the shunt system. On the first postoperative day and during follow-up examination 3 months later, several measurements of ICP were performed using a handheld device to read the Sensor Reservoir data. Postural changes such as lying down, sitting, and standing with different head postures were assessed according to an experimental protocol in a randomized order during which the ICP was measured.

Results There were clear ICP responses due to postural changes, in line with physiologically expected values. Because the highest sampling rate of the Aesculap-Miethke Sensor Reservoir is 1 Hz for continuous measurement of ICP, however, the collected data have to be considered an approximation for actual ICP dynamics.

Conclusion The Aesculap-Miethke Sensor Reservoir is an easy-to-use tool to measure ICP changes reliably in patients with a shunt system. The sampling rate and handling of data acquisition may eventually be developed further.
„Nee, mach ich nicht!“
Authors: Gustke Helge
Published: June 2017

Welchen Beitrag die Familiengesundheitspflege zur Therapieeinhaltung leisten
kann Häufig erleben Pflegende im Berufsalltag, dass Kinder und Eltern im
Lebensalltag Therapievorgaben unzureichend oder gar nicht umsetzen. Um dieses
Phänomen zu verstehen und pflegerisch angemessen darauf reagieren zu können,
müssen Pflegende sich mit den Ursachen und Hintergründen für dieses Verhalten
und den Folgen einer chronischen Erkrankung im Kindes- und Jugendalter für die
Erkrankten und deren Familie auseinandersetzen.
Funktionelle Herzbeschwerden osteopathisch betrachtet
Authors: Schmid Gordian Lukas
Published: June 2017

Dieser Artikel erläutert ausgehend von funktionellen Störungen des Herzens dessen vegetative Innervation und betrachtet dann mögliche
Verbindungen parietaler und faszialer Dysfunktionen mit einer gestörten Balance von Sympathikus und Parasympathikus. Schließlich werden
Sinnhaftigkeit und Möglichkeiten für eine unterstützende osteopathische Behandlung für funktionelle Herzbeschwerden diskutiert.
Cytoprotective Effects of Pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata) Fruit Extract against Oxidative Stress and Carbonyl Stress
Authors: Shayesteh Reyhaneh , Kamalinejad Mohammad , Adiban Hasan , Kardan Azin , Keyhanfar Fariborz , Eskandari Mohammad
Published: June 2017

Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disorder that is associated with significant mortality and morbidity due to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Diabetes complications accompanied with oxidative stress and carbonyl stress in different organs of human body because of the increased generation of free radicals and impaired antioxidant defense systems. In the meantime, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive carbonyl species (RCS) have key mediatory roles in the development and progression of diabetes complications. Therapeutic strategies have recently focused on preventing such diabetes-related abnormalities using different natural and chemical compounds. Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) is one of the most important vegetables in the world with a broad-range of pharmacological activities such as antihyperglycemic effect.

Methods In the present study, the cytoprotective effects of aqueous extract of C. moschata fruit on hepatocyte cytotoxicity induced by cumene hydroperoxide (oxidative stress model) or glyoxal (carbonylation model) were investigated using freshly isolated rat hepatocytes.

Results The extract of C. moschata (50 μg/ml) excellently prevented oxidative and carbonyl stress markers, including hepatocyte lysis, ROS production, lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, lysosomal damage, and cellular proteolysis. In addition, protein carbonylation was prevented by C. moschata in glyoxal-induced carbonyl stress.

Conclusion It can be concluded that C. moschata has cytoprotective effects in oxidative stress and carbonyl stress models and this valuable vegetable can be considered as a suitable herbal product for the prevention of toxic subsequent of oxidative stress and carbonyl stress seen in chronic hyperglycemia.
Mittel- und langfristige Erfahrungen mit der Boston-Keratoprothese. Die Kölner und Salzburger Perspektive
Authors: Schaub Friederike , Bachmann Björn , Seyeddain Orang , Moussa Sarah , Reitsamer Herbert , Cursiefen Claus
Published: June 2017

Hintergrund Augen mit schweren kornealen Erkrankungen und unzureichender Prognose für eine Hochrisiko-Hornhauttransplantation können für die Implantation einer Boston-Keratoprothese in Betracht gezogen werden. Seit 2013 wird die Versorgung mit dieser „künstlichen“ Hornhaut an der Kölner Universitätsaugenklinik angeboten, seit 9 Jahren an der Universitätsaugenklinik Salzburg. Mittlerweile konnte in Köln bei 24 Augen, in Salzburg bei 28 Augen eine Boston-Keratoprothese des Typs I (BI-KPro) implantiert werden.

Methoden In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse und Komplikationen nach BI-KPro erörtert, sowohl aus der Literatur in PubMed als auch auf Grundlage der Kölner und Salzburger Erfahrungen.

Ergebnisse 24 Augen von 22 Patienten wurden seit September 2013 in Köln mit einer BI-KPro versorgt, davon konnte bisher nur eine Keratoprothese nicht erhalten werden und ein Visusanstieg wurde in 23 Augen (96%) herbeigeführt. Durchschnittlich waren 1,5 Revisionseingriffe pro Auge im bisherigen postoperativen Verlauf erforderlich. Seit 2007 wurde bei 28 Augen in Salzburg eine BI-KPro implantiert. Es zeigte sich in 62% (16 von 26 Augen) ein postoperativer Visusanstieg, bei einer Komplikationsrate bei einem längeren Follow-up von 81%. In beiden Kohorten reichten die Komplikationen von retroprosthetischer Membranbildung über Sekundärglaukome, infektiöse Keratitiden mit oder ohne Transplantateinschmelzung, Vitritis bis hin zur Endophthalmitis.

Schlussfolgerung Das Spektrum der möglichen Komplikationen nach BI-KPro ist breit, jedoch stellt die BI-KPro die derzeit am häufigsten verwendete Form des künstlichen Hornhautersatzes in Hochrisikoaugen dar und führt bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten zum Visusanstieg.