bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nano-Crystallization of Steel Surface by Slide-Burnishing
Authors: Kato Hirotaka , Yamamoto Keitaro , Yasunaga Kazufumi
Published: May 2020

Slide-burnishing is one of the most powerful processes for microstructural evolution. Here slide-burnishing was performed by a cemented carbide ball loaded and fed on the flat surface of a rotating disk specimen of carbon steel using a lathe machine. This process provides many advantages: burnishing reduces the surface roughness, increases the surface hardness due to grain refinement, improves the wear resistance, and requires no special equipment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation revealed that nano-crystalline structures in the 10–300 nm grain size range were formed at the burnished sub-surface layer and that grain size increased approximately linearly with depth below the surface due to the strain gradient. High rotation speed in the burnishing process prompted further grain refinement, as evidenced by ultrafine and equiaxed grains in the 10 nm size range at the top surface layer of the specimen burnished at the highest rotational speed. Burnishing increased the indentation hardness of the nano-crystalline layer by a factor of 3.5. The expected linear relationship between hardness and inverse square root of grain size was identified.
Studying the Stability and Conductivity of the Composite Films via Electrospinning/Spray Process
Authors: Huang Li Xiong , Wang Han , Fang Fei Yu , Wang Ping , Gao Wei
Published: May 2020

The electrospinning/spray technique is a promising approach to fabricate composite films for many applications in flexible electronic devices. In this study, an elastic film with remarkable conductivity is synthesized by electrospinning TPU (thermoplastic polyurethanes) fibers and electrospraying graphene nanosheets into the single collector. This technique allows the graphene nanosheets to adhere uniformly to a carbon textile matrix for promoting its conductivity. But the graphene is possible to be oxidized into graphene oxide during electrospray, which is attributed to the high-voltage field, the rapid evaporation of the solvent and the full exposure to air. And the spinning fibers have the potential to induce the behavior as well. The instability of graphene during the process can make an impact on the overall conductivity and uniformity of composite films. So, we set up a series of experiments on the study of oxidization behavior of graphene and its influence on the performance of composite films. With different parameters, some samples are synthesized to conduct Raman spectroscopy analysis as well as take the measurements of overall conductivity through a 4-point probe electrical conductivity device. The oxidization behavior of graphene during the electrospinning/spray process can be well characterized by the results from the Raman spectrums. And the results of electrical conductivity measurements can provide powerful evidence to ensure the great conductivity of composite films via electrospinning/spray process.
Electrospinning/Spray: The Interaction between Graphene Nanosheets and Different Nanofibers
Authors: Chen Yang Zhong , Wang Han , Fang Fei Yu , Mei Hui , Wang Li
Published: May 2020

The electrospun nanofiber/graphene composites is a promising candidate in the field of flexible strain sensors due to the synergic effect of graphene and the nanofibers. It is an effective way to synthesize a uniform graphene-embedded film by simultaneously electrospinning nanofibers and electrospraying graphene nanosheets. In this paper, we prepare two specimens of different materials to study the interaction between graphene nanosheets and nanofibers under the same process parameters, such as thermoplastic urethane (TPU), polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Then, morphology and mechanical properties are used to characterize the interaction. The mechanical test was conducted by the tensile tester, and the surface morphology of electrospun nanofibrous films was observed through a microscope. By comparing these results, the properties of the graphene nanosheets embedded to different nanofibers are explored. This study provides a good way to select an appropriate nanofiber matrix for the application in flexible strain sensors.
The Five Deeps Expedition and an Update of Full Ocean Depth Exploration and Explorers
Authors: Jamieson Alan J.
Published: May 2020

AbstractFull ocean depth exploration (depths of ~11,000 m) is still a rarity in deep-sea exploration. Following the 1960 Trieste dive to the Challenger Deep, it was 52 years before Deepsea Challenger followed suit. Between these dives, there was also the French
bathyscaphe Archimède, operational in the 1960s, which performed a number of significantly deep dives. However, 7 years after the Deepsea Challenger, a new wave of full ocean depth dives have been undertaken in the DSV Limiting Factor, a new two-person full ocean
depth submersible. Described herein is an update of the recent series of full ocean depth dives in the DSV Limiting Factor and a collation of all significantly deep dives and sub crew in full ocean depth submersibles. These historical dives are discussed, as well as the latest dives
from the Five Deeps Expedition using the DSV Limiting Factor, within the context of and challenging the validity of common analogies with lunar exploration. This article aims to provide a little perspective and pride in full ocean depth exploration.
Design and Analysis of a Noninsert Wet Mateable Connector for Underwater Power and Data Transfer
Authors: Shi Jianguang , Li Furong , Peng Shilin , Cai Wenyu , Pan Mian , Yu Haibin
Published: May 2020

AbstractCompared with traditional metal contact wet mateable connectors, a noninsert wet mateable connector (NWMC) costs much less and is simpler and safer to plug underwater and can operate steadily for a long duration. This article proposes a newly designed NWMC that can
transfer power and data simultaneously in deep-sea conditions. Design and analysis methodology of a small volume and stable output inductive coupling power transfer (ICPT) system that combines calculation, simulation, and measurement methods are proposed. The operating parameters are monitored
in real time through the communication path, and the heat is dissipated through the end cap. According to the experimental results, this system is able to maintain an output voltage of up to 48 V, transfer up to 130 W power, and simultaneously obtain 73 Mbps full-duplex noncontact communication.
Seasonal Variations of the Coastal Currents and Eddies in the Persian Gulf: A Numerical Case Study
Authors: Mehrfar Hesameddin , Azad Masoud Torabi , Lari Kamran , Bidokhti Abbasali Aliakbari
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study employed a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (COHERENS) to investigate the seasonal cycles of the mesoscale currents and eddies in the Persian Gulf with a 2-min horizontal resolution. The barotropic time step of 20 s and the baroclinic time step of 600
s were selected. In a vertical coordinate system with a vertical sigma array, there are equal numbers of vertical columns of water at each depth of the water volume. In this case, we considered 10 vertical sigma layers. We obtained a climatic stability during a 10-year run of the model. The
simulation showed a coastal jet stream with a speed rate of 30 cm/s from May to October. The coastal jet stream in the vicinity of the Iranian coast is limited only to the surface as it flows southeastward and the counter current flows with a northwestern direction. However, this jet stream
appears over the column of the water from the surface to the seafloor and flows southeastward along the Arabian coasts. Simulation results showed three cyclonic eddies with a diameter of about 100 km in September, the maximum speeds of which are observed at their north part. Decomposed eddies
filled the entire water column. Additionally, at the end of summer when the eddy was well developed, the maximum vorticity was observed. The results revealed that anticyclonic eddy depths were higher than the depths of the cyclonic type, which is related to the extent of the eddy's development
into the seabed and the effects of baroclinic instability on the water column.
Development on a New Type of Marine Plankton Temperature-Retained and Pressure-Retained Sampler
Authors: Gao Qiaoling , Chen Jiawang , Wang Chunsheng , Sheng Qinghua , Yang Junyi , Gu Linyi
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe marine plankton temperature-retained and pressure-retained sampler is an innovative, deep-sea (maximum 6,000 m) sampler that is equipped with three trawls to obtain marine plankton samples at specified depths and with simultaneous collection of sensor data. The
sampler can collect plankton horizontally near the seabed or vertically at different levels of water driven by an underwater fluid power system. The sampler is equipped with a temperature-retained and pressure-retained system to keep the obtained plankton alive when it is brought to the deck,
which improves the effective sampling rate of the sampler. The sampler can be monitored in real time and controlled from the deck via a coaxial cable, such that operators onboard can choose the proper sampling location, control the attitude and the moving speed of the sampler, and collect
pressure-retained plankton samples in different depths during one deployment. In its verification deployment in the South China Sea (longitude 111°11′´E, latitude 18°05′), the sampler was operated three times at depths of 1,200, 1,500, and 1,600 m. Some plankton samples
with in-situ pressure retained have been successfully obtained and the pressure did not decrease after 24 h.
Microwave Propagation in Maritime Environments
Authors: Disant Arnaud , Dias Frederic
Published: May 2020

Abstract A simple question that arises when dealing with maritime communications is: How would one offload large quantities of data from sea to shore and vice versa if one cannot use conventional solutions such as satellite communications or cellular data? In this note, we
describe the first prototype solutions that were produced. They gave rise to SeaFi, which has become an enabling technology in the context of oceanic and coastal research. Measurements at sea are key to scientific research projects such as, for example, HIGHWAVE, a recently started ERC Advanced
Grant project that relies partly on the possibility of measuring breaking waves in real time. Since the bottleneck is the real-time transmission of data, transferring measurement data at sea using SeaFi instead of using conventional satellite communications or a cellular data connection quickly
became an evidence. To assess the resilience of SeaFi, a series of offshore experiments were performed from May to July 2018. Those experiments led on June 6, 2018, to a world record for the longest wireless microwave transmission at sea between a moving ship and a lighthouse, using the SeaFi
communication system. In addition, the proposed solution also promises a better future for lighthouses around the world that are now gradually falling into disuse. This breakthrough in maritime telecommunications could change the way scientific researchers retrieve data in real time at sea
in the coming years.
The Dynamic Performance of Coaxial Double Column Wave Energy Converter (WEC)
Authors: Duan Yupeng , Liu Hengxu , Yu Dan , Kong Fankai , Zhang Zhiyang , Zhang Wanchao
Published: May 2020

AbstractA coaxial double-column wave energy converter (WEC) has been studied in this paper. The wave force of the floats and the hydrodynamic coefficients are solved by a semi-analytical solution method. We built time- and frequency-domain models and calculated the motion
characteristics and power generation of the coaxial double-column WEC through the commercial software HydroSTAR and Intel Fortran. We use computers to build models of many different parameters and study the effects of different parameters on the motion performance and power generation capabilities
of the device. They show that changing the diameter ratio of the upper float to the lower float can increase the output power of the device, and the smaller the diameter ratio, the larger the output power can be obtained. We also changed the depth of the damper plate and found that the deeper
the damper plate, the higher the output power of the device. However, in general, the depth of the damper plate has no significant influence on the output power of the device.
Research on Intelligent Design Method of Ship Cabin Layout
Authors: Wang Yun-long , Wu Zhang-pan , Guan Guan , Jin Chao-guang
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe design of the ship cabin layout is a multi-objective comprehensive optimization problem, which needs to consider the location of the passage, cabin layout, space utilization ratio, functional realization, comfort, safety, and so on. In this paper, an improved
tabu-criterion genetic algorithm for the intelligent design of ship cabin layout is proposed. According to the characteristics of ship accommodation cabin layout design, a ship deck layout area model and a multi-objective optimization model including relative location model, absolute location
model, and ergonomic constraint model are established. The neighborhood transformation criterion and tabu-criterion of tabu search algorithm are introduced into genetic algorithm to advance the local search ability of a genetic algorithm. At the same time, a new genetic algorithm coding method
is proposed to avoid the generation of illegal solutions in cabin layout sequence crossover and mutation operation. The improved genetic algorithm can effectively improve the local search ability of a genetic algorithm and make the algorithm converge to the optimal solution as soon as possible
at the later stage of calculation. Finally, the simulation results verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed intelligent design method for ship accommodation cabin layout.
RETRACTED: Determinants of self-reported adherence to inhaler therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Aredano Ilaria , De Blasio Francesca , Berchialla Paola , Brussino Luisa , Bucca Caterina , Solidoro Paolo
Published: May 2020

Background: Adherence to therapy is crucial for COPD patients, since non-adherence leads to worse quality of life, increased health-care expenditure and poor clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to identify the main determinants of suboptimal adherence to therapy in a cohort of COPD patients. Methods: General information (age, BMI, smoking, comorbidities, education, life style), lung function, exacerbations, symptoms and COPD treatment were collected. Adherence to therapy was assessed by self-reported 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4), and was related to anthropometric, socio/economic and health status data, obtained by questionnaires (COPD Assessment Test, CAT; Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, HRQoL; Katz Index of Independence of Daily Living Activities, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale). Results: 136 COPD patients were studied (age 72±8 yrs; 73.5% men; BMI 28.5±7.4 kg/m2; FEV1 53.5±19.0 % predicted). Nearly half of the patients (46.3%) had suboptimal adherence to therapy (score >0) and, as compared to those with optimal adherence, had higher prevalence of women and coronary artery disease, heavier smoking history and worse CCQ overall score. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the determinants of suboptimal adherence were female sex (OR 4.339, 95%CI 1.509-12.474, p=0.006), amount of pack-years smoked (OR 1.947, 95%CI 1.141-3.323, p=0.015), higher CCQ overall score (OR 3.318, 95%CI 1.050-9.892, p=0.049) and higher education (OR 2.758, 95%CI 1.083-7.022, p=0.033). Adherence was better in patients assuming triple inhaler therapy. Conclusions: Suboptimal adherence is frequent among COPD patients, particularly in women, heavy smokers and subjects with high educational level. Interventions to improve adherence should be especially addressed to patients with these characteristics.
Solutions to gather and transport crude oil from Dai Hung Nam wellhead platform (WHP-DHN) to FPU DH-01 platform at Dai Hung Oil Field
Authors: Thinh Nguyen Van , Dong Tang Van , Duyen Le Quang , Vinh Nguyen The ,   Faculty of Oil and Gas, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam;  Dai Hung Oilfield,PetroVietnam Exploration Production Corporation (PVEP), Vietnam
Published: May 2020

Dai Hung is an oilfield which lies at a deep water. The field is located in the Northeast of Nam Con Son basin in block block 05-1a. The total production explored at Dai Hung in April 30, 2018 reached 56.7 million barrels, corresponding to 13% of the average recovery coefficient of the oil field. The success of drilling wells for the development of Phase II (WHP-DH2) has proved that oil and gas exploitation in areas without drilling wells at Dai Hung oi field is potential. At present, PetroVietnam Exploration Production Corporation (PVEP) keeps undertaking activities on drilling exploration wells at Dai Hung Nam zone with positive results. This fact requires the construction of the offshore platform at this area for oil and gas exploitation activities. Therefore, Dai Hung Nam wellhead platform (WHP-DHN) will be built in this area and its exploited products will be transported to DH-01 platform by subsea pipelines. In order to transport exploited products safety, a research on flow assurance is required to consider and evaluate possibilities that may have effect on transportation process. The paper presents the results of research on hydraulic calculations for subsea pipelines to transport exploited products from WHP-DHN to DH-01 platform by taking advantage of experimental equations and using the software with the data obtained at this Oil Field. The results of the research will be the basic which helps to select the appropriate solutions to improve the transportation of exploited productions by subsea pipelines at WHP-DHN in the future stage.
The degree of chemical weathering in the Ba River basin, South Central Vietnam: Major-element geochemistry investigations of morden river sediments and sedimentary rocks
Authors: Sang Pham Nhu , Dung Nguyen Tien , Hien Phan Thi Thanh , Chinh Vo Thi Cong ,   Faculty of Geosciences and Geoengineering, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam;  Publishing Office, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam
Published: May 2020

Major-element geochemistry of Miocene sedimentary rock and modern river sediment samples in the Ba River basin, South Central Vietnam are utilized to assess the degree of chemical weathering in the Miocene and the present time. Sediment samples were analysed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer show that Miocene sedimentary rocks contain higher SiO2 and K2O, but lower Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, Na2O, MnO, CaO, P2O5 than modern river sediment. Major-element geochemistry indicates that Miocene sedimentary rocks and modern river sediment are characterized by stronger depliption of Ca, Na and Mg than K and Si during the chemical weathering in this river basin. The similar relative depleption of Na, Ca, Mg, Si and K between modern river sediments and sedimentary rocks indicate not much deffirent the intensity of chemical weathering in the Miocene and the present time. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) alter from 69 to 93 in Miocene sedimentary rocks (average 74) and from 69 to 78 (average 77) in morden river sediments, indicating moderate chemical weathering in the Ba River basin in the Miocene and the present time.
Tarihi Yapıların Yeniden İşlevlendirilmesinde Çelik Strüktürlerin Kullanımı: Kasımpaşa Tuz Ambarı Örneği
Authors: SEÇER KARİPTAŞ Füsun , KARİPTAŞ Fatih
Published: May 2020

Endüstrileşme olgusu içinde ortaya çıkan ve son zamanlarda endüstri mirası olarak kabul edilen ve tarihinin önemli tanıkları sayılan endüstri yapıları gelişen teknolojiye de bağlı olarak kent dokusu içerisinde terk edilmeye başlanmıştır. Günümüz kentleri içerisinde fonksiyonunu ve önemini yitirmiş olan endüstri yapılarının yıkılmaları veya metruk hale gelmeleri yerine, çağdaş koruma yaklaşımı ile insanlığa ve topluma hizmet veren mekânlar olması hedeflenmektedir. Endüstri mirası bu yapıların yıkılmadan yeni kullanımlara sunulması, sıfırdan inşa etmeye oranla daha ekonomik olsa da tasarımında ve uygulanmasında titiz bir çalışma yapılması gerekmektedir. Yapıların tarihi değerlerine mümkün olduğunca az zarar verecek çözümler üretilmeye çalışılmalıdır. Çelik strüktürler bu çözümlerden biridir. Şeffaflık, hafiflik, serbest formlar oluşturması, büyük açıklıklar geçebilmesi ve esneklik özellikleri nedeniyle çeliğin kullanımı ile birçok yeniden işlevlendirme uygulamasında karşılaşılabilmektedir. Kasımpaşa Tuz Ambarı endüstri mirası kapsamında bir yapı olduğundan restore edilerek yeniden işlevlendirilmiştir. Reklam ajansı olarak yeniden tasarlanan yapının iç mekânında çelik strüktürler kullanılarak restorasyon çalışması tamamlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, tarihi binaya zarar vermeden ve çelik taşıyıcılarla yeniden tasarlanan, bu özelliği ile mimari alanda ülkemize ödül de getiren bu uygulamanın ileride yapılacak çalışmalara örnek olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Determination of Selected Trace Metal in Banana Growing at Kola Shele, Arba Minch,
Ethiopia
Authors: Fekadu Egza Tsegaye
Published: May 2020

A study was carried out to determine the accumulation of trace metal in the
banana sample by atomic absorption spectroscopy method. The metal
investigated where Fe, Zn, Cu, Co and Cd. The level of Zn is highest whereas the
level of Co and Cd was lowest. The concentration of Fe, Zn, Cu, Co and Cd were
found to be 2.82, 4.0, 0.233,0,0 and 5.06, 13.18, 0.117,0,0 in peal and flash of
banana respectively. The overall content of this trace metal in the banana
investigated where found to be within the permissible limit recommended by the
FAO/WHO. The result shows that the accumulation of trace metal in the banana
is of nutritional interest.
Derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las mujeres como objeto de intervención en ongd’s andaluzas: perspectivas, actuaciones y retos
Authors: Hernández-Ascanio José
Published: May 2020

Últimamente los agentes de cooperación al desarrollo han priorizado como objetivo de intervención el fomento de la igualdad de género, promoviendo el enfoque feminista en sus actuaciones. Aun teniendo como horizonte la tranversalización de la perspectiva de género existe un ámbito al cual debemos prestar especial atención. Nos referimos al ámbito de los Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos (DD.SS. y RR.) ya que nos encontramos con una pérdida de los mismos a nivel mundial, y especialmente, en países en vías de desarrollo. Entre las causas están el descenso de intervenciones en este ámbito (motivada por la priorización de otras políticas en las Instituciones y por cuestiones culturales y morales) y el establecimiento de metas y plazos para alcanzar los ODM que desvían la atención de la agenda de los DD. SS. Y RR. Es por ello que este trabajo pretendemos identificar el papel que ocupan dichos derechos en el discurso y en la práctica situada de la cooperación al desarrollo andaluza.
Internet y su repercusión en la autopercepción individual del bienestar
Authors: Lozano J. Felix , Femenia Sabrina
Published: May 2020

Vivimos en una sociedad conectada, donde el uso de Internet ha crecido considerablemente en los últimos años, y se espera siga creciendo aún más a lo largo y ancho del mundo. Como consecuencia, está cambiando el modo en el que las personas nos relacionamos con los demás, pero también con nosotros mismos, e incluso nuestra propia percepción de nuestra propia identidad y bienestar.

El presente trabajo pretende analizar la influencia de determinados aspectos sociodemográficos en el uso de internet y su impacto en la percepción del bienestar de las personas.
Así, tomando los datos de la European Social Survey se ha analizado la relación entre el uso de internet y la percepción de bienestar- medida a través de autoevaluaciones de nivel de felicidad y satisfacción con la vida de las personas incluidas en la encuesta. Además, factores sociodemográficos tales como edad, género, nivel de ingresos o país también han sido evaluados. Tras aplicar distintos análisis estadísticos los resultados concluyen, entre otros, que las personas que no han utilizado  previamente internet incrementan su bienestar al incrementar su frecuencia de uso. . Y también que el uso de internet influye de forma distinta en las personas dependiendo de sus características sociodemográficas.  Se presentan los resultados y conclusiones adicionales para su discusión.
Vidas lloradas, capitalismo neoliberal y crisis de sostenibilidad de la vida
Authors: Guaglianone Fiorella
Published: May 2020

El presente trabajo pretende esbozar algunas reflexiones en torno a las operaciones de inclusión/exclusión ligadas a los problemas de reproducción de la vida afrontadas por migrantes y mujeres mestizas, negras e indias, en el marco de los debates actuales de las teorías políticas feministas.  Exploraremos algunas conceptualizaciones vinculadas a los feminicidios sexuales sistémicos y las tareas globales de cuidado deteniéndonos en su particular relación con el régimen visual neoliberal.
El debate sobre la enseñanza de la arquitectura en España: 1957-1975
Authors: García-Escudero Daniel , Bardí Milà Berta
Published: May 2020

El periodo que va de 1957 a 1975 resultó crucial para la formación reglada en arquitectura en la España contemporánea. Durante esa etapa se sucedieron un conjunto de leyes educativas, planes de estudios, debates académico-profesionales, así como la construcción de nuevas escuelas, que determinaron tanto los contenidos como las metodologías docentes de las que se convertirían en Escuelas Técnicas Superiores de Arquitectura. Así, la Ley de Ordenación de las Enseñanzas Técnicas de 1957 y el Plan de Estudios de 1975 enmarcaron este periodo fecundo también en congresos, estudios estadísticos y publicaciones. El presente artículo repasa exhaustivamente el material disperso publicado durante este periodo en actas de congresos, revistas, libros y leyes, para reconstruir una parte reciente de la historiografía española, que también influyó en la práctica profesional y en la reflexión académica. Unos años que han sido sólo parcialmente estudiados, sobre todo a través de la obra construida de los arquitectos y arquitectas de la última modernidad española, pero no tanto desde los debates docentes y pedagógicos que tuvieron lugar dentro y fuera de las aulas, y en los colegios profesionales.
Museo Clifford Still
Authors: Allied Works Studio:
Published: May 2020

Denver, Colorado, Estados Unidos, 2011

El Museo Clyfford Still está dedicado a la vida y obra de uno de los pintores más enigmáticos e influyentes del siglo XX. Still manifestó que la colección se confiaría a una ciudad estadounidense y que se alojara en un museo de un solo artista, liberado de otras obras o distracciones. Construido con muros de hormigón texturizado profundamente estriados, el museo es un único cuerpo, una forma continua abierta en todos sus lados. La entrada, enraizada a la línea de tierra, se sitúa en la esquina en doble voladizo, creando una sensación de cercanía y reduciendo los niveles de iluminación. 
Casa para Árboles
Authors: Vo Trong Nghia Architect Studio:
Published: May 2020

Vietnam, 2014

Esta casa prototipo, construida con hormigón visto, plantea como objeto de proyecto devolver a la ciudad los espacios verdes, acomodando la alta densidad de la vivienda con grandes árboles tropicales. Con una gruesa capa de suelo, estos "potes" también funcionan como cuencas de agua pluvial para la detención y retención, por lo tanto, contribuyen a reducir el riesgo de inundaciones en la ciudad cuando esta idea se multiplique a un número mayor de viviendas en el futuro.
La esclerosis múltiple: concepto, historia e implicaciones en la escuela
Authors: Gómez Gómez Mª Carmen , Navarro Palomares Samuel
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo se centra en el impacto que provoca la Esclerosis Múltiple en la vida de un niño dividiendo el trabajo en dos partes bien diferenciadas. En la primera se desarrolla una fundamentación teórica donde se define y da conocer la Esclerosis Múltiple. La segunda parte está formada por una investigación de varios casos de pacientes que sufren la enfermedad, contrastando sus puntos de vista en relación a la enfermedad y la escuela.
Preembriones y fetos sobrantes que no se usan para llevar a cabo las técnicas de reproducción asistida: aspectos éticos y legales
Authors: Rosell Ferris Natalia , Ramón Fernández Francisca
Published: May 2020

Las elevadas tasas de infertilidad en la década de los ochenta dieron como resultado el primer niño concebido por fecundación in vitro. Con ello, se empezaron a generar embriones supernumerarios, abriendo paso a la manipulación del material embrionario con distintos fines, entre los que se encuentran la investigación biomédica y experimentación, para lo cual se estableció un límite de 14 días. Las numerosas tensiones alrededor del límite impuesto llevaron a la creación de una nueva realidad llamada “preembrión”, que establecía el margen entre la investigación aceptable y no aceptable. No obstante, el estatuto del embrión generó gran controversia desde puntos de vista biológicos, ontológicos y éticos. Todo esto impulsó al Derecho a desarrollar una legislación, la cual ha ido evolucionando con el paso de los años, adaptándose al progreso científico en este ámbito. En el presente trabajo se analizarán los principales problemas jurídicos que plantea la investigación biomédica que se realiza en preembriones supernumerarios y fetos procedentes las técnicas de reproducción asistida mediante el análisis de la legislación and doctrina, para llegar a unas conclusiones en relación con la situación actual, tanto estatal como europea, de la materia en cuestión.
Motivaciones prosociales, empatía y diferencias de género en adolescentes víctimas del conflicto armado e infractores de la ley
Authors: Gómez Tabares Anyerson Stiths , Durán Palacio. Nicolasa María
Published: May 2020

La investigación sobre las tendencias o motivaciones prosociales, la empatía y las diferencias de género en adolescentes víctimas de conflictos bélicos e infractores de la ley aún es muy incipiente. Este trabajo analiza las comparaciones entre las motivaciones prosociales, la empatía y las diferencias de género en un grupo de 203 adolescentes, hombres y mujeres, infractores de la ley y víctimas del conflicto armado, con edades entre 16 y 19 años. Es un estudio de diseño no experimental, transversal y alcance comparativo. Se utilizaron la medida de tendencias prosociales – Revisado-(PTM-R) y el índice de reactividad interpersonal (IRI). Se encontró que la tendencia prosocial por complacencia presentó la puntuación más alta y la tendencia prosocial pública la más baja. En empatía, la toma de perspectiva obtuvo el promedio más alto. Se concluye que existen diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres, independientemente del tipo de delito cometido.
La compensación económica resarcitoria en la proposición de ley reguladora del derecho a la gestación por subrogación y su fiscalidad
Authors: Hernández Guijarro Fernando
Published: May 2020

El presente estudio se realiza a la luz de la Proposición de Ley sobre gestación subrogada y las cuestiones tributarias que surgen como consecuencia de la misma. Se analiza la fiscalidad de la compensación económica resarcitoria y del seguro de contingencia de la gestación. Asimismo, se estudia el tratamiento que tendrán las posibles mejoras que se establezcan en el contrato de gestación por subrogación en favor de la madre gestante y el surgimiento de obligaciones tributarias que se deriven como consecuencia de las mismas.
Comparison of some meat quality and liver characteristics in Muscovy and mule ducks
Authors: Kokoszyński Dariusz , Wilkanowska Anna , Arpášová Henrieta , Hrnčár Cyril
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The aim of the study was to compare Muscovy ducks and mule ducks
for proximate analysis, colour attributes, sensory properties of the meat,
and concentration of some minerals in the meat and liver, with consideration
of the effect of sex on the analysed traits. The study used 46 Muscovy and
44 mule ducks. At the end of the rearing period, 40 birds (10 males and 10 females of each genotype) were selected for slaughter. Meat and liver
samples were collected from the slaughtered birds to determine quality
traits. The analysed ducks of different genotypes differed significantly in
the water content, sodium content, and redness of breast muscles; in the
water, fat, and zinc content of leg muscles; and in the sodium, iron, and
copper content of liver. Regardless of genotype, males had a higher sodium
content in breast muscles; contained more protein, sodium, phosphorus, and
magnesium and less potassium and copper in leg muscles; and had a
significantly higher content of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium,
zinc, iron, and copper in liver compared to females. The genotype–sex interaction was significant for the sodium and potassium content of
breast muscles, for the water, protein, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and
copper content of leg muscles, and for the copper content of liver. Our
study provided information about differences in the quality of meat and
liver in Muscovy and mule ducks.
Effect of contrail overlap on radiative impact attributable to aviation contrails
Authors: Sanz-Morère Inés , Eastham Sebastian D. , Allroggen Florian , Speth Raymond L. , Barrett Steven R. H.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Condensation trails (“contrails”) which form behind aircraft are estimated to cause on the order of 50 % of the total climate impact of aviation, matching the total impact of all accumulated aviation-attributable CO2. The climate impacts of these contrails are highly uncertain, in part due to the poorly-understood effect of overlap between contrails and other cloud layers. With the airline industry projected to grow by approximately 4.5 % each year over the next 20 years, instances of contrail overlap are expected to increase, including any potential mitigating or amplifying effects on contrail-attributable radiative forcing. However, the impacts of cloud-contrail overlaps are not well understood, and the effect of contrail-contrail overlap has never been quantified. In this study we develop and apply a new model of contrail radiative forcing which explicitly accounts for overlap between cloud layers. Cloud-contrail overlap is found to be responsible for 93 % of net radiative forcing attributable to 2015 contrails. We also find significant variation in the sensitivity of contrail radiative forcing to cloud cover with respect to geographic location. Clouds significantly increase warming at high latitudes and over sea, transforming cooling contrails into warming ones in the North-Atlantic corridor. Based on the same data, our results indicate that disregarding overlap between a given pair of contrail layers can result in longwave and shortwave radiative forcing being overestimated by up to 16 % and 25 % respectively, with the highest bias observed at high optical depths (> 0.4) and high solar zenith angles (> 75°). When applied to estimated global contrail coverage data for 2015, contrail-contrail overlap reduces both the longwave and shortwave forcing by ~ 2 % relative to calculations which ignore overlap. The effect is greater for longwave radiation, resulting in a 3 % net reduction in the estimated RF when overlap is correctly accounted for. This suggests that contrail-contrail overlap effects can likely be neglected in estimates of the current-day environmental impacts of aviation. However, the effect of contrail-contrail overlap is likely to increase in the future as the airline industry extends into new regions, intensifies in existing regions, and invests in higher-efficiency engines which are thought to promote contrail formation.
Do alternative inventories converge on the spatiotemporal representation of spring ammonia emissions in France?
Authors: Fortems-Cheiney Audrey , Dufour Gaëlle , Dufossé Karine , Couvidat Florian , Gilliot Jean-Marc , Siour Guillaume , Beekmann Matthias , Foret Gilles , Meleux Frederik , Clarisse Lieven , Coheur Pierre-François , Van Damme Martin , Clerbaux Cathy , Génermont Sophie
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Agriculture is the main source of ammonia (NH3) in France, an important gaseous precursor of atmospheric particulate matter (PM). National and even more global emission inventories are known to have difficulty representing the large spatial and temporal variability inherent to atmospheric NH3. In this study, we compare NH3 emissions in France during the spring 2011 from (i) one reference inventory, the TNO inventory, and two alternative inventories that account in different manners for both the spatial and temporal variabilities of the emissions (ii) the NH3SAT satellite-derived inventory based on IASI NH3 columns and (iii) the CADASTRE-CIT inventory that combines NH3 emissions due to nitrogen fertilization calculated with the mechanistic model VOLT'AIR on the database of the CADASTRE_NH3 framework and other source emissions from the CITEPA. The total spring budgets at the national level are higher when calculated with both alternative inventories than with the reference, the difference being more marked with CADASTRE-CIT. NH3SAT and CADASTRE-CIT inventories both yield to large NH3 emissions due to fertilization on soils with high pH in the northeastern part of France (65 kt NH3 and 135 kt NH3, respectively, vs 48 kt NH3 for TNO-GEN), while soil properties are not accounted for by the TNO-GEN methodology. For the other parts of France, the differences are smaller. The timing of fertilization and associated ammonia emissions is closely related to the nitrogen requirements and hence the phenological stage of the crops, and therefore tothe crop-year's specific weather conditions. Maximum emissions are observed in March for 2011 for some regions for both alternative inventories, while April is the period with maximum emissions for the reference inventory whatever the region or the year. Comparing the inventories at finer temporal resolutions, typically at daily scale, large differences are found. The convergence of alternative, independent and complementary methods on the spatiotemporal representation of the spring NH3 emissions particularly over areas where the contribution of mineral fertilizer spreading to the spring budget is strong, encouraging further developments in both prospected complementary directions, as this will help improving national NH3 emission inventories.
Holocene glaciation in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda
Authors: Jackson Margaret S. , Kelly Meredith A. , Russell James M. , Doughty Alice M. , Howley Jennifer A. , Zimmerman Susan R. H. , Nakileza Bob
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Tropical glaciers are retreating rapidly, threatening alpine ecosystems across the low latitudes. Understanding how tropical glaciers responded to past periods of warming is crucial for predicting and adapting to future climate change, yet relatively little is known about glacial fluctuations in tropical regions during the recent past (i.e., the Holocene Epoch). This is particularly true in the African tropics, where data constraining the timing and magnitude of Holocene glacial fluctuations in the region are sparse and where temperatures during the middle Holocene were perhaps as warm as or warmer than today. Here we present new beryllium-10 surface-exposure ages that constrain Holocene glacial extents in the equatorial Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda. These results document rapid Early Holocene (~11.7–8.2 ka) glacial retreat in two separate catchments and indicate that Late Holocene (~4.2 ka-present) deposits mark the greatest expansion of Rwenzori glaciers during the last ~11 ka. Holocene glacial fluctuations elsewhere in tropical Africa and in tropical South America are broadly similar to those in the Rwenzori, with most tropical glaciers retreating rapidly during the Early Holocene and remaining near or inboard of their Late Holocene positions through much of Holocene time. The similarity of Holocene glacial fluctuations across the tropics implies that low-latitude glaciers responded to a common forcing mechanism, most likely temperature. Although the drivers of Holocene temperature changes in the tropics remains enigmatic, these data help constrain the expression of tropical temperature changes in the low latitudes.
A Tethered Air Blimp (TAB) for observing the microclimate over a complex terrain
Authors: Nambiar Manoj K. , Byerlay Ryan A. E. , Nazem Amir , Nahian M. Rafsan , Moradi Mohsen , Aliabadi Amir A.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This study presents the first environmental monitoring field campaign of a newly developed Tethered Air Blimp (TAB) system to investigate the microclimate over a complex terrain. The use of a tethered balloon in complex terrains such as mines and tailings ponds is novel and the focus of the present study. The TAB system was fully developed and launched at a mining facility in northern Canada in May 2018. This study describes the key design features, the sensor payload on board, calibration, and the observations made by the TAB system. The system measured meteorological conditions including components of wind velocity vector, temperature, relative humidity, and pressure over the first few tens of metres of the atmospheric boundary layer. The measurements were made at two primary locations in the facility: (i) near a tailings pond and (ii) in a mine pit. TAB measured the dynamics of the atmosphere at different diurnal times (e.g. day versus night) and locations (near a tailings pond versus inside the mine). Such dynamics include mean and turbulence statistics pertaining to flow momentum and energy, and they are crucial in the understanding of emission fluxes from the facility in future studies. In addition, TAB can provide boundary conditions and validation datasets to support mesoscale dispersion modelling or computational fluid dynamics simulations for various transport models.
Updated European hydraulic pedotransfer functions with communicated uncertainties in the predicted variables (euptfv2)
Authors: Szabó Brigitta , Weynants Melanie , Weber Tobias K. D.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Soil hydraulic properties are often derived indirectly, i.e. computed from easily available soil properties with pedotransfer functions (PTFs), when those are needed for catchment, regional or continental scale applications. When predicted soil hydraulic parameters are used for the modelling of the state and flux of water in soils, uncertainty of the computed values can provide more detailed information when drawing conclusions. The aim of this study was to update the previously published European PTFs (Tóth et al., 2015, euptf v1.4.0) by providing prediction uncertainty calculation built into the transfer functions. The new set of algorithms was derived for point predictions of soil water content at saturation (0 cm matric potential head), field capacity (both −100 and −330 cm matric potential head), wilting point (−15.000 cm matric potential head), plant available water, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, as well as the Mualem-van Genuchten model parameters of the moisture retention and hydraulic conductivity curve. The minimum set of input properties for the prediction is soil depth and sand, silt and clay content. The effect of including additional information like soil organic carbon content, bulk density, calcium carbonate content, pH and cation exchange capacity were extensively analysed. The PTFs were derived adopting the random forest method. The advantage of the new PTFs is that they i) provide information about prediction uncertainty, ii) are significantly more accurate than the euptfv1, iii) can be applied for more predictor variable combinations than the euptfv1, 32 instead of 5, and iv) are now also derived for the prediction of water content at −100 cm matric potential head and plant available water content.
Regional-scale paleofluid system across the Tuscan Nappe – Umbria Marche Arcuate Ridge (northern Apennines) as revealed by mesostructural and isotopic analyses of stylolite-vein networks
Authors: Beaudoin Nicolas , Labeur Aurélie , Lacombe Olivier , Koehn Daniel , Billi Andrea , Hoareau Guilhem , Boyce Adrian , John Cédric M. , Marchegiano Marta , Roberts Nick M. , Millar Ian L. , Claverie Fanny , Pecheyran Christophe , Callot Jean-Paul
Published: May 2020

Abstract. We report the results of a multi-proxy study that combines structural analysis of fracture-stylolite network and isotopic characterization of calcite vein cements/fault coating. Together with new paleopiezometric and radiometric constraints on burial evolution and deformation timing, these results provide a first-order picture of the regional fluid pathways network during the main stages of contraction in the Tuscan Nappe and Umbria Marche arcuate ridge (Northern Apennines).We reconstruct four continuous steps of deformation at the scale of the belt: burial that developed sedimentary stylolites, Apenninic-related layer parallel shortening with a contraction striking NE-SW, local extension related to folding, then a late stage of fold tightening under a contraction still striking NE-SW. In order to assess the timing and burial depth of strata at all stages, we combine a paleopiezometric tool based on inversion of the roughness of sedimentary stylolites that constrains the range of burial depth of strata prior to layer-parallel shortening, with burial models and U-Pb absolute dating of fault coatings. In the western part of the ridge, layer-parallel shortening started in Serravalian time (~ 12 Ma), then folding started at Tortonian time (~ 8 Ma), late stage fold tightening started in early Zanclean (~ 5 Ma) and likely lasted until recent/modern extension occurred (~ 3 Ma onward). This timing provides important constraints on the temperature that expectedly prevailed in the studied strata through its history. The textural and geochemical (δ18O, δ13C, Δ47CO2 and 87Sr/86Sr) study of calcite vein cements and fault coatings reveals that most of the fluids involved in the belt during deformation are local, or flowed laterally from the same reservoir. However, the western edge of the ridge recorded pulses of eastward squeegee-type migration of hydrothermal fluids (> 140 °C), that can be related to the difference in structural style of the subsurface between the eastern Tuscan Nappe and the Umbria Marche Ridge.