bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Future States for Hearing Care
Authors: Windmill Ian M.
Published: June 2022

Evolutionary changes occur across health care, including within the hearing care delivery system. At times, the change is driven by external forces and thus elicits a reactive response. In contrast, developing a vision of a future state, and subsequently the strategies to achieve that vision, is a proactive and a preferred process. Using the reactive versus proactive framework, a future state built around the emergence of genetics as both an assessment tool and a treatment option is presented. In addition, a broad, consumer-centric vision for access to affordable and contemporary hearing care is presented that would result in an expanded and positive future state for hearing care services.
The Importance of Professional Advocacy at the State Level: A Coalition Model
Authors: Miller Erin L. , Roup Christina M.
Published: June 2022

Professional advocacy communicates a viewpoint for or against a policy or issue, and is used to influence change to public policy, legislation, and/or regulations. State audiology associations are perfectly positioned to organize advocacy efforts for the profession at the state level. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the types of advocacy available to state organizations and the steps for hiring a lobbyist. In addition, the article presents a unique advocacy model in which multiple audiology and speech-language pathology organizations in the state of Ohio joined to form the Ohio Speech and Hearing Governmental Affairs Coalition (OSHGAC). There are numerous advantages of an advocacy coalition, most importantly a shared financial responsibility. Finally, several examples of the OSHGAC recent legislative and regulatory advocacy efforts are reviewed.
Extended Computed Tomography Scale Images Provide a Detailed Assessment of Metal Screws and Are Superior to Standard Computed Tomography Scale Images and Digital Radiography at Detecting Experimentally Induced Screw Fractures In Vitro
Authors: Labrador Jose , Carrera Ines , Holdsworth Andy
Published: June 2022

Objectives (1) To compare the ability of standard computed tomography (CT) scale (SCTS) and extended CT scale (ECTS) images, produced using conventional CT technology, to provide detailed assessment of metal screws in vitro. (2) To assess how screw size, type, and orientation relative to the Z-axis of the gantry affect implant assessment. (3) To test the ability of SCTS, ECTS, and radiography to diagnose screw failure when there is negligible screw fragment displacement.

Study Design Part 1: 12 screws of different size, type, and composition were scanned in three orientations (parallel or 0°; oblique or 45°; and perpendicular or 90°) relative to the Z-axis of the gantry. SCTS and ECTS reconstructions were made for each screw, in each plane, to assess implant shape, structure, and diameter. Part 2: fatigue-failure was induced in four screws commonly used to stabilize canine humeral intracondylar fissures. Screws were then reassembled achieving grossly perfect apposition and alignment of the fragments. Ability to detect implant failure was tested using SCTS, ECTS, and radiography.

Results ECTS provided better screw assessment compared with SCTS resulting in clear visualization of the structure in 8/12 versus 0/12 screws and shape in 12/12 versus 11/12 screws; however, results were affected by screw size, type, and orientation. ECTS identified all in vitro screw fractures with negligible screw fragment displacement; however, success was affected by screw orientation: 4/4 fractures identified with a 90° angle, 1/4 for 45°, and 0/4 for 0°. SCTS and radiography did not identify any of them.

Conclusion The results indicate that ECTS reconstructions are useful for assessment of metal screws and for detection of nondisplaced screw fractures.
Transforming Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Staging Information from Unstructured Reports to the Observational Medical Outcome Partnership Common Data Model
Authors: Yoo Sooyoung , Yoon Eunsil , Boo Dachung , Kim Borham , Kim Seok , Paeng Jin Chul , Yoo Ie Ryung , Choi In Young , Kim Kwangsoo , Ryoo Hyun Gee , Lee Sun Jung , Song Eunhye , Joo Young-Hwan , Kim Junmo , Lee Ho-Young
Published: June 2022

Background Cancer staging information is an essential component of cancer research. However, the information is primarily stored as either a full or semistructured free-text clinical document which is limiting the data use. By transforming the cancer-specific data to the Observational Medical Outcome Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP CDM), the information can contribute to establish multicenter observational cancer studies. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on OMOP CDM transformation and natural language processing (NLP) for thyroid cancer to date.

Objective We aimed to demonstrate the applicability of the OMOP CDM oncology extension module for thyroid cancer diagnosis and cancer stage information by processing free-text medical reports.

Methods Thyroid cancer diagnosis and stage-related modifiers were extracted with rule-based NLP from 63,795 thyroid cancer pathology reports and 56,239 Iodine whole-body scan reports from three medical institutions in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics data network. The data were converted into the OMOP CDM v6.0 according to the OMOP CDM oncology extension module. The cancer staging group was derived and populated using the transformed CDM data.

Results The extracted thyroid cancer data were completely converted into the OMOP CDM. The distributions of histopathological types of thyroid cancer were approximately 95.3 to 98.8% of papillary carcinoma, 0.9 to 3.7% of follicular carcinoma, 0.04 to 0.54% of adenocarcinoma, 0.17 to 0.81% of medullary carcinoma, and 0 to 0.3% of anaplastic carcinoma. Regarding cancer staging, stage-I thyroid cancer accounted for 55 to 64% of the cases, while stage III accounted for 24 to 26% of the cases. Stage-II and -IV thyroid cancers were detected at a low rate of 2 to 6%.

Conclusion As a first study on OMOP CDM transformation and NLP for thyroid cancer, this study will help other institutions to standardize thyroid cancer–specific data for retrospective observational research and participate in multicenter studies.
Perspectives of scholars on the origin, spread and consequences of COVID-19 are diverse but not polarized
Authors: Paudel Prakash Kumar , Bastola Rabin , Eigenbrode Sanford D. , Borzée Amaël , Thapa Santosh , Rad Dana , Kumaran Jayaraj Vijaya , Appalasamy Suganthi , Hossain Mohammad Mosharraf , Ash Anirban , Adhikari Raju , Ojha Roshan Babu , Manandhar Shreeya , Kunwar Bhagawati , Aprilinayati Fikty , Pokhrel Ambarish , Poudel Bharat Raj , Dhakal Shanta , Uchejeso Obeta M. , Ghosh Susanta Kumar , Patel Nilanchal , Adhikari Subodh
Published: June 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has devastated every sphere of human society. Governments around the world implemented unprecedented policies designed to slow the spread of the disease and assistance to cope with its impacts. Such policies, however, are short-term and debates have ensued about what broader policies are needed in the post-COVID-19 era to ensure societies are better prepared for future pandemics. Public opinion concerning COVID-19 and the post-COVID-19 era is diverse, and the patterns in opinion are not well documented. Here we synthesized the opinions of 3731 research scholars throughout the world based on a survey. The highest consensus among respondents concerned the need for improving public health infrastructure and delivering economic support, whereas agreement concerning ecological aspects was low. The survey revealed three dimensions of thinking about COVID-19. The first dimension relates to public health and has widespread support. The second dimension relates to science-led policy development focusing on social justice and environmental governance, covering components of both ecology and economy. The third dimension covers the role of nature conservation in reducing the risk of pandemics. Although opinions differed with age, country of citizenship, and level of education, there is strong agreement on the need for global health equity and science-led public policy.
Future teachers confronting extremism and hate speech
Authors: Castellví Jordi , Massip Sabater Mariona , González-Valencia Gustavo A. , Santisteban Antoni
Published: June 2022

Hate speech has become a social problem that needs to be addressed urgently. In many cases, these discourses and ideologies arrive through the media and the internet, and they are transferred to educational contexts. Debates of this type should be addressed at school and should be channelled into a democratic debate, and into the definition of shared objectives through the development of counterspeeches and alternative narratives based on Human Rights. In this research, we investigate the capacity of future teachers (n = 114) to identify online hate speech and how they develop counterspeeches. The results show that the majority are able to identify hate speech. However, future teachers present more difficulties developing counterspeeches or complex alternative narratives, which can be transferred to educational practices. We conclude that teacher training needs to be redesigned if we want them to be able to face these problems in their future educational practice.
Intersectionality of social and philosophical frameworks with technology: could ethical AI restore equality of opportunities in academia?
Authors: Morimoto Juliano
Published: June 2022

Academia is far from a meritocratic distribution of opportunities. This leads to inequalities, lack of diversity, and unfairness. The objective of this conceptual paper is to propose an integrative framework to help the academic community address its pervasive but persistent inequalities of opportunities. The framework emerges from the intersections of Bourdieu, Bronfenbrenner, and Rawls frameworks and propose the use of ethical artificial intelligence (AI) to contextualise merit and recreate true equality of opportunities. More specifically, I argue that academia has structures and doxa that may be inaccessible to individuals from different social origins, and are perpetuated by privileged individuals who achieve positions of power within academia. The privileged individuals inherit and are exposed to opportunities to acquire capital from early life, resulting in the continuation ofstatus quopractices and alienation of minorities that do not share—or do not have the ability to acquire—capital. I argue that this process occurs as a result of the social origins of the individual and, as Bronfenbrennian framework suggests, disadvantaged individuals lack both the (inherited) capital, but also lack the ability and opportunities to acquire capital relative to privileged counterparts. I argue that the only way to mitigate this inequitable system is to retrieve the Rawlsian original position of ignorance (veil of ignorance) in the allocation of academic capital based on merit, which can only be objectively quantified relative to social origins of individuals. As opposed to current subjective assessments (e.g., peer-review) or lottery systems, I propose the use of Big Data and ethical AI to reconstruct the position of ignorance and contextualise merit based on the expected merit given individuals’ social origins. I also discuss the concept of ‘years post-PhD’ as it is used to introduce fairness in allocation of academic capital and propose a different and less relativistic landmark that accounts for the years post-first authorship publication. This is a novel conceptual framework which can stimulate further research into the ecology of social justice.
Evaluation of the spatiotemporal unsteady characteristics of the tip leakage vortex based on a direct numerical simulation database
Authors: Shang Wenqiang , Li Dong , Luo Kun , Fan Jianren
Published: June 2022

The spatiotemporal evolution of the tip clearance vortical structures behind a flat hydrofoil immersed in a turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate was investigated by means of direct numerical simulation, with focus on the unsteady behaviors of the tip-leakage vortex (TLV) and their effects on the flow blockage. It is found that the TLV evolutionary processes can be characterized by three typical phases: the formation phase, the vortex wandering phase, and the vortex splitting and breakdown phase. In the second phase, the TLV is subject to the wall-normal low-frequency wandering motion, which is excited by the induced vortex. The abrupt increase in vortex wandering intensity near the trailing edge of the hydrofoil can be attributed to the frequent occurrence of vortex splitting and breakdown events in the third phase. The time-averaged vortex intensity of the TLV increases gradually in the first and second phases. On the other hand, instantaneous vortex intensity shows an initially decreasing and then increasing trend, as a result of the breakdown of the TLV and the formation of the secondary TLV, respectively. In addition, the investigation of flow blockage caused by the TLV indicates that along the streamwise direction, the time-averaged blockage area and blockage coefficient both follow an exponential distribution. The present results provide a qualitative and quantitative characterization for the spatiotemporal evolution of the TLV, which is critical for improving the efficiency loss and mechanical vibration caused by the unsteady behaviors of the TLV.
Anti-bat ultrasound production in moths is globally and phylogenetically widespread
Authors: Barber Jesse R. , Plotkin David , Rubin Juliette J. , Homziak Nicholas T. , Leavell Brian C. , Houlihan Peter R. , Miner Krystie A. , Breinholt Jesse W. , Quirk-Royal Brandt , Padrón Pablo Sebastián , Nunez Matias , Kawahara Akito Y.
Published: June 2022

Warning signals are well known in the visual system, but rare in other modalities. Some moths produce ultrasonic sounds to warn bats of noxious taste or to mimic unpalatable models. Here, we report results from a long-term study across the globe, assaying moth response to playback of bat echolocation. We tested 252 genera, spanning most families of large-bodied moths, and document anti-bat ultrasound production in 52 genera, with eight subfamily origins described. Based on acoustic analysis of ultrasonic emissions and palatability experiments with bats, it seems that acoustic warning and mimicry are the raison d'être for sound production in most moths. However, some moths use high-duty-cycle ultrasound capable of jamming bat sonar. In fact, we find preliminary evidence of independent origins of sonar jamming in at least six subfamilies. Palatability data indicate that jamming and warning are not mutually exclusive strategies. To explore the possible organization of anti-bat warning sounds into acoustic mimicry rings, we intensively studied a community of moths in Ecuador and, using machine-learning approaches, found five distinct acoustic clusters. While these data represent an early understanding of acoustic aposematism and mimicry across this megadiverse insect order, it is likely that ultrasonically signaling moths comprise one of the largest mimicry complexes on earth.
Integrated screens uncover a cell surface tumor suppressor gene
KIRREL
involved in Hippo pathway
Authors: Wang Chao , Feng Xu , Su Dan , Chen Zhen , Wang Shimin , Tang Mengfan , Huang Min , Nie Litong , Zhang Huimin , Li Siting , Yin Ling , Johnson Randy L. , Hart Traver , Chen Junjie
Published: June 2022

Cell surface proteins play essential roles in various biological processes and are highly related to cancer development. They also serve as important markers for cell identity and targets for pharmacological intervention. Despite their great potentials in biomedical research, comprehensive functional analysis of cell surface proteins remains scarce. Here, with a de novo designed library targeting cell surface proteins, we performed in vivo CRISPR screens to evaluate the effects of cell surface proteins on tumor survival and proliferation. We found that
Kirrel1
loss markedly promoted tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, KIRREL was significantly enriched in a separate CRISPR screen based on a specific Hippo pathway reporter. Further studies revealed that KIRREL binds directly to SAV1 to activate the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Together, our integrated screens reveal a cell surface tumor suppressor involved in the Hippo pathway and highlight the potential of these approaches in biomedical research.
The interface between grammar and bodily enactment in ASL and English
Authors: Quinto-Pozos David , Parrill Fey , Coons Caitie
Published: June 2022

Users of signed and spoken languages regularly engage bodily enactment (commonly referred to as
constructed action [CA] for signers and character viewpoint gestures [CVPT] for speakers)
for the creation of meaning, but comparatively few studies have addressed how linguistic grammar interfaces with such gestural
depictive devices across language modalities. CVPT gestures have been shown to co-occur with spoken language transitive verbs, and
when a reference is definite or more accessible in the discourse. In sign, CA often alternates sequentially with fully
conventionalized signs. In both CVPT and CA demonstrations, syntactic and pragmatic factors appear to be important. In this work,
we consider these patterns by examining short retellings of video-based elicitation stimuli (silent-movie segments) from 10 deaf
users of ASL (American Sign Language) and 20 hearing speakers of English. We describe examples of signs and words that co-occur
with or precede specific instances of CA and CVPT. We also examine distributions and degrees of enactment across participants in
order to consider the question of gesture threshold (Hostetter and Alibali, 2008, 2019). We provide various examples of how gestural material interfaces with linguistic grammar, which has implications for syntactic theory and possible grammatical constraints on such communicative devices.
Effect of B4C on wear behaviour of ZTA ceramic reinforced high chromium cast iron matrix composites
Authors: Gao Quan , Lu Zhenlin , Jia Lei , Wang Yue
Published: June 2022

Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) ceramic reinforced high chromium cast iron (HCCI) matrix composites were prepared by vacuum pressure-free infiltration, and the effects of active additive B4C (10%, 12%) on the interface binding ability and three-body wear behaviours was study systematically. Result showed the wettability between HCCI and ZTA could be improved after the addition of B4C, which could result in a metallurgical combination by forming a transition layer. When the content of B4C additive was 10%, the Brinell hardness (HB) of ZTA/HCCI composite materials reached 645 N/mm2 in the as-infiltration state, and the wear resistance was more than three times of HCCI. After heat treatment, the hardness and wear resistance increased significantly, which could reach 676.1 N/mm2 and more than five times of HCCI, respectively.
How a tyrosine primes the pump
Authors: Short Ben
Published: June 2022

JGP study uses both natural and unnatural amino acid substitutions to examine how a key tyrosine residue controls the selectivity of the Na+/K+ pump.
Gap solitons in heterostructure magnonic crystal/semiconductor
Authors: Morozova M A , Matveev O V , Romanenko D V , Sharaevsky Yu P , Nikitov S A
Published: June 2022

The main features of the nonlinear spin wave propagating in the magnonic crystal/semiconductor (SC) layered heterostructure are studied. We demonstrate the possibility of double electric and magnetic control of the gap solitons parameters (their number, threshold of formation, velocity), bistability of spin waves, switching powers and nonlinear band gap shift in investigated structure. Our results show the possibility of nonlinear magnonics and SC electronics integration based on the proposed structure.
Intensity nonreciprocity reversal of spin wave in magnonic crystal by specific wavenumber excitation
Authors: Hara Taiga , Kasahara Kenji , Manago Takashi
Published: June 2022

Spin wave propagation in a magnonic crystal excited at a specific wavenumber was investigated by micromagnetic simulation modelling with meander-shaped antennae. The dispersion relation when excited at wave number k which corresponds to the boundary of the Brillouin zone, shows a pair of strong spots that originate from the magnonic upper and lower bands. When excited at wavenumber slightly offset from k above, additional strong spots appear and it shows intensity nonreciprocity reversal. It can be interpreted in terms of the repeated or reduced zone scheme of the Brillouin zone. These characteristics have the potential for novel control of nonreciprocity.
Counterion condensation theory for finite polyelectrolyte and salt concentrations
Authors: Bertolotto J A , Umazano J P
Published: June 2022

In the present work we analyze the physical fundamentals of Manning’s counterion condensation using his charged line model in a simple salt solution. We extend the theory for the cases of finite saline concentration and polymeric concentration tending to zero and the case of both finite concentrations. To find the equilibrium between the phases of free and condensed counterions, besides minimizing the free energy, we deduce an auxiliary equation to determine the two characteristic parameters of the theory, the fraction of condensed counterions and the volume of condensation. We compare the obtained results in the present work for only one infinite charged line with the ones of counterion condensation theory by Schurr and Fujimoto. We find that the linear density of critical charge depends on the concentration of added salt and takes values higher than one, instead of the unitary value predicted by Manning. We obtain the equations by the activity and osmotic coefficients in function of the critical charge density. We compare them with the corresponding equations by Manning for these parameters. We extend the counterion condensation theory to solutions of linear polyelectrolytes for finite saline and polymeric concentrations using a cell model. We modify the electrostatic contribution to the Gibbs energy adding, to the traditional one calculated by Manning, the energy excess due to the macroion present in a cylindrical cell. We apply the theory to obtain the osmotic coefficient and we compare our results with experimental data of DNA osmotic coefficient and with theoretical adjustment using the Poisson–Boltzmann equation.
Sound velocities and thermodynamical properties of hcp iron at high pressure and temperature
Authors: Bouchet J , Bottin F , Antonangeli D , Morard G
Published: June 2022

Sound velocities and thermodynamical properties of hcp iron have been computed using ab initio calculations over an extended density and temperature range, encompassing the conditions directly relevant for the Earth’s inner core. At room temperature, and up to 350 GPa, an excellent agreement is obtained between present results and experimental data for many thermodynamical quantities: phonon density of states, vibrational entropy, heat capacity, Grüneisen parameter and thermal expansion. With increasing temperature, along an isochore, we observe a strong decrease of the phonon frequencies, demonstrating that intrinsic anharmonic effects cannot be neglected. We also carefully compare previous theoretical data for the sound velocities and try to explain the discrepancies observed with experiments. Finally, we propose a temperature dependant Birch’s law that we compare with previous experimental work.
Dose estimation for cone-beam computed tomography in image-guided radiation therapy using mesh-type reference computational phantoms and assuming head and neck cancer
Authors: Cumur Ceyda , Fujibuchi Toshioh , Hamada Keisuke
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to estimate the additional dose the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system integrated into the Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator delivers to a patient with head and neck cancer using mesh-type International Commission on Radiological Protection reference computational phantoms. In the first part, for use as a benchmark for the accuracy of the Monte Carlo geometry of CBCT, Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) calculations were confirmed against measured lateral and depth dose profiles using a computed tomography dose profiler. After obtaining good agreement, organ dose calculations were performed by PHITS using mesh-type reference computational phantom (MRCP) and irradiating the neck region; the effective dose was calculated utilising absorbed organ doses and tissue weighting factors for male and female MRCP. Substantially, it has been found that the effective doses for male and female MRCP are 0.81 and 1.06 mSv, respectively. As this study aimed to assess the imaging dose from the CBCT system used in image-guided radiation therapy, it is required to take into account this dose in terms of both the target organ and surrounding tissues. Although the absorbed organ dose values and effective dose values obtained for both MRCP males and females were small, attention should be paid to the additional dose resulting from CBCT. This study can create awareness on the importance of doses arising from imaging techniques, especially CBCT.
Justification of dose limits—historical development, ethical basis, and the way forward
Authors: Zölzer Friedo
Published: June 2022

The dose limits recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection have undergone considerable changes in the course of the past 90 years, and different arguments have been put forward for their justification. This has been largely due to new insights of radiation research, but changing perceptions of the related ethical values have also played a role. The current paper reviews important stages in this development and attempts to derive some implications for the Commission’s next general recommendations. Above all, it suggests that it is essential to present clear and consistent justification strategies for dose limits (and related values), compatible with the core values of the system of radiological protection, especially prudence and justice.
Experimental validation of proton physics models of Geant4 for calculating stopping power ratio
Authors: Liu Ruirui , Zhao Xiandong , Medrano Maria
Published: June 2022

In this work, we conducted experiments to validate the proton physics models of Geant4 (version 10.6). The stopping power ratios (SPRs) of 11 inserts, such as acrylic, delrin, high density polyethylene, and polytetrafluoroethylene, etc, were measured using a superconducting synchrocyclotron that produces a scattering proton beam. The SPRs of the inserts were also calculated based on Geant4 simulation with six physics lists, i.e. QGSP_ FTFP_ BERT, QGSP_BIC_HP, QGSP_BIC, QGSP_FTFP_BERT, QSGP_BERT, and QBBC. The calculated SPRs were compared to the experimental SPRs, and relative per cent error was used to quantify the accuracy of the simulated SPRs of inserts. The comparison showed that the five physics lists generally agree well with the experimental SPRs with a relative difference of less than 1%. The lowest overall percentage error was observed for QGSP_FTFP_BERT and the highest overall percentage error was observed for QGSP_BIC_HP. The 0.1 mm range cut value consistently led to higher percentage error for all physics lists except for QGSP_BIC_HP and QBBC. Based on the validation, we recommend QGSP_BERT_HP physics list for proton dose calculation.
Usefulness of a lead-acrylic shield for reducing lens dose of assistant in x-ray CT examination
Authors: Ito Hajime , Matsubara Kosuke , Kobayashi Ikuo , Sakai Takayuki , Isobe Tomonori , Yanagawa Noriyuki , Ochi Shigehiro
Published: June 2022

In computed tomography (CT) examinations, the usefulness of protective glasses for reducing lens exposure to assistants has been reported. The present study aimed to compare the dose reduction effect for assistants with lead-acrylic shields and protective glasses (0.07 mm Pb, 0.5 mm Pb) during CT examination. The air dose distribution in a CT examination room with and without a lead-acrylic shield was compared. It was found that the amount of scattered radiation was significantly reduced by installing a lead-acrylic shield at the CT gantry aperture. Moreover, the reduction rate of air kerma at the assistant’s lens was higher using the lead acrylic shield than with the protective glasses—95.7% during head holding and 76.1% during assisted ventilation.
Cooccurrence of pH-sensitive shifting blue and immobile green triple surface-state fluorescence in ultrasmall super body-centered cubic carbon quantum dots
Authors: Yao Qianqin , Liang Tianyuan , Wu Huaxin , Xi Xiaonan , Fan Jiyang
Published: June 2022

Carbon quantum dots are widely used in various fields owing to excellent optical properties and outstanding biocompatibility. We synthesize rare super body-centered cubic (C8) structured carbon quantum dots by using cheap source materials and simple preparation method. They exhibit one shifting blue emission band and two close immobile green bands. They have large Stokes shifts ranging from 0.68 to 1.01 eV and large quantum yields as high as 60%. The three types of emissions are competitive and their intensities vary sensitively and differently with pH. Moreover, their emission intensity versus excitation power curves follow

I

(
P
)

∝

P

k

with k values significantly smaller than unity. The blue emission follows the stretched exponential decay law with an intermediate lifetime of ∼3.9 ns and a lifetime-dispersion factor of ∼0.85 whereas the two green emissions exhibit faster and slower decays with respective lifetimes of around 2.0 and 13.0 ns. The results reveal that the blue emission originates from an ensemble of emission sites exhibiting quantum confinement-like effect and two green emissions stem from pH-sensitive surface functional groups-associated fluorophores.
Operating modes in a low-pressure glow discharge with hollow cathode
Authors: Korolev Y D , Landl N V , Frants O B , Argunov G A , Geyman V G , Bolotov A V
Published: June 2022

The paper deals with investigations of the discharge in hydrogen in conditions close to those for the trigger units of pseudospark switches. The following modes of discharge sustaining are classified: the Townsend discharge, the suppressed glow discharge with hollow cathode, the intermediate mode of the gradual transition from the suppressed discharge to the ordinary glow discharge, and the ordinary discharge in which the negative glow plasma occupies the whole depth of the cathode cavity. As applied to the ordinary discharge, the theoretical model that offers a possibility to estimate the negative glow parameters is developed. In the current range 1.6–10 mA the electron densities in the negative glow region are 1.7–8.7 108 cm−3. The interpretation for the mechanism of the current passage to the anode is also proposed based on the model. In particular, the explanation is given for the fact that the region of the positive column plasma near the flat anode appears at a low discharge current.
Enhanced heating in plasma bulk due to electron cyclotron resonance in weakly magnetized capacitively coupled plasmas
Authors: Zhang Quan-Zhi , Liu Jia-Rui , Liu Yong-Xin , Lu Wen-Qi , Sun Jing-Yu , Wang You-Nian
Published: June 2022

An enhanced electron heating mechanism based on a resonance between the cyclotron motion of electrons and radio frequency (rf) electric field in the plasma bulk is reported in weakly magnetized capacitively coupled argon plasmas at low pressure. When the electron cyclotron frequency coincides with the applied power source frequency, the bulk electrons can continuously acquire energy from the background electric field within certain rf periods during the cyclotron motion, inducing overall distinct increase of excitation rate and electron temperature in the plasma bulk. This enhanced electron heating effect has been examined by a combination of kinetic particle simulations, experimental measurements, and an analytical model, and the dynamics of electrons are revealed at resonant conditions.
Atmospheric propellant fed Hall thruster discharges: 0D-hybrid model and experimental results
Authors: Ferrato Eugenio , Giannetti Vittorio , Califano Francesco , Andreussi Tommaso
Published: June 2022

As part of on-going efforts in advancing air-breathing electric propulsion, the HT5k Hall thruster was characterized in six operating conditions, ranging from 5 mg s−1 to 7 mg s−1 of 0.56N2 + 0.44O2 mass flow rate and 225 V to 300 V of discharge voltage. The cathode was operated with N2 at mass flow rates between 0.5 mg s−1 and 0.7 mg s−1. This paper presents a 0D-hybrid model for atmospheric propellant fed Hall thruster discharges. Verified performance ranged between 30 mN to 120 mN in thrust, 1.2 kW to 5.2 kW in discharge power, and 8% to 18% in anodic efficiency. Calibrated model comparison against experimental data resulted in a mean absolute error of 3.7% in thrust and 7.6% in discharge power.
Modeling of a diffusive memristor based on the DT-FNT mechanism transition
Authors: Dai Yuehua , Zou Jianxun , Feng Zhe , Li Xing , Wang Xu , Hu Guyue , Zhu Yunlai , Wu Zuheng
Published: June 2022

In this work, a compact model of the diffusive memristor is proposed from the perspective of the transition of electronic transmission mechanisms induced by the dynamics of the filament. First, a new physical model is established based on tunneling mechanisms that are used to fit the experimental data, and the results indicate that it is versatile enough for various diffusive memristors. In addition, the threshold voltage (V
th) of the diffusive memristor negatively correlates with the ratio of ionic migration and the diffusion coefficient (u
i
/Ds), and the hold voltage (V
h) positively correlates with the ratio of ionic diffusion and the migration coefficient (Ds/u
i), which is useful for the selection of materials to achieve target electrical properties. Furthermore, the different parameters that influence the simulated switching curve are explored. The results indicate that the desired electrical characteristics can be obtained by adjusting these parameters. A compact electrical module model is then built and tested in LTspice to carry out bio-neuron and bio-synaptic performances completely. These simulations demonstrate that the model is reliable for exploring diffusive memristor applications.
Field investigation of novel self-sensing asphalt pavement for weigh-in-motion sensing
Authors: Borke Birgin Hasan , D’Alessandro Antonella , Favaro Maurizio , Sangiorgi Cesare , Laflamme Simon , Ubertini Filippo
Published: June 2022

The integration of weigh-in-motion (WIM) sensors within highways or bridge structural health monitoring systems is becoming increasingly popular to ensure structural integrity and users safety. Compared to standard technologies, smart self-sensing materials and systems present a simpler sensing setup, a longer service life, and increased durability against environmental effects. Field deployment of such technologies requires characterization and design optimization for realistic scales. This paper presents a field investigation of the vehicle load-sensing capabilities of a newly developed low-cost, eco-friendly and high durability smart composite paving material. The novel contributions of the work include the design and installation of a full-scale sensing pavement section and of the sensing hardware and software using tailored low-cost electronics and a learning algorithm for vehicle load estimation. The outcomes of the research demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system for traffic monitoring of infrastructures and WIM sensing by estimating the gross weight of passing trucks within a 20% error during an autonomous sensing period of two months.
Lack of collective motion in granular gases of rotators
Authors: Torres Menéndez Harol , Altshuler Ernesto , Brilliantov Nikolai V , Pöschel Thorsten
Published: June 2022

The dynamics of gases made of particles interacting dissipatively—known as granular gases—can be fully described by the translational and rotational motion of the individual particles; however, most of the results in the field refer to the limit of smooth particles, which implies that the rotational degrees of freedom are suppressed. Here we investigate the opposite limit: we consider a granular gas where the translational degrees of freedom are suppressed, and the key degrees of freedom are rotational. Our results indicate that for many-particle systems of pure rotators collective effects almost completely suppressed. This is in a sharp contrast to granular gases of smooth particles and other conventional matter where the translational degrees of freedom dominate the kinetics.
Active-gel theory for multicellular migration of polar cells in the extra-cellular matrix
Authors: Adar Ram M , Joanny Jean-François
Published: June 2022

We formulate an active-gel theory for multicellular migration in the extra-cellular matrix (ECM). The cells are modeled as an active, polar solvent, and the ECM as a viscoelastic solid. Our theory enables to analyze the dynamic reciprocity between the migrating cells and their environment in terms of distinct relative forces and alignment mechanisms. We analyze the linear stability of polar cells migrating homogeneously in the ECM. Our theory predicts that, as a consequence of cell-matrix alignment, contractile cells migrate homogeneously for small wave vectors, while sufficiently extensile cells migrate in domains. Homogeneous cell migration of both extensile and contractile cells may be unstable for larger wave vectors, due to active forces and the alignment of cells with their concentration gradient. These mechanisms are stabilized by cellular alignment to the migration flow and matrix stiffness. They are expected to be suppressed entirely for rigid matrices with elastic moduli of order 10 kPa. Our theory should be useful in analyzing multicellular migration and ECM patterning at the mesoscopic scale.
First-passage times in complex energy landscapes: a case study with nonmuscle myosin II assembly
Authors: Bebon Rick , Schwarz Ulrich S
Published: June 2022

Complex energy landscapes often arise in biological systems, e.g. for protein folding, biochemical reactions, or intracellular transport processes. Their physical effects are frequently reflected in the first-passage times (FPTs) arising from these energy landscapes. However, their calculation is notoriously challenging and it is often difficult to identify the most relevant features of a given energy landscape. Here we show how this can be achieved by coarse-graining the Fokker–Planck equation to a master equation and decomposing its FPTs in an iterative process. We apply this method to the electrostatic interaction between two rods of nonmuscle myosin II (NM2), which is the main molecular motor for force generation in nonmuscle cells. Energy landscapes are computed directly from the amino acid sequences of the three different isoforms. Our approach allows us to identify the most relevant energy barriers for their self-assembly into NM2 minifilaments and how they change under force. In particular, we find that antiparallel configurations are more stable than parallel ones, but also show more changes under mechanical loading. Our work demonstrates the rich dynamics that can be expected for NM2-assemblies under mechanical load and in general shows how one can identify the most relevant energy barriers in complex energy landscapes.
First-principles calculations of magnetic and optical properties of (Mn, Mo) co-doped SnSe2
Authors: Lin Long , Pang Donglin , Shi Pei , Su Linlin , Chen Zehua , Zhang Zhanying
Published: June 2022

In this paper, based on density functional theory GGA + U method, the electronic structure, magnetic and optical properties of single Mn, single Mo and (Mn, Mo) co-doped SnSe2 are studied. The calculation results show that the doping of single Mn and single Mo can make the intrinsic SnSe2 magnetic. In addition, five different (Mn, Mo) co-doped configurations are calculated and the ∆E of the stable ferromagnetic configuration is about −227.6 meV. The stable ferromagnetic configuration is caused by the strong hybridization of the d-p orbitals of Mn, Mo and Se atoms and the formation a Mn:3d-Se:4p-Mo:4d coupling chain. And the absorption intensity of SnSe2 system in visible light is improved by the introduction of doped atoms. Our study shows that introducing appropriate dopants is a feasible method to improve the magnetic and optical properties of intrinsic SnSe2 base.
Search for solar atmospheric neutrinos with the ANTARES neutrino telescope
Authors: Albert A. , Alves S. , André M. , Anghinolfi M. , Anton G. , Ardid M. , Ardid S. , Aubert J.-J. , Aublin J. , Baret B. , Basa S. , Belhorma B. , Bendahman M. , Benfenati F. , Bertin V. , Biagi S. , Bissinger M. , Boumaaza J. , Bouta M. , Bouwhuis M.C. , Brânzaş H. , Bruijn R. , Brunner J. , Busto J. , Caiffi B. , Calvo D. , Capone A. , Caramete L. , Carr J. , Carretero V. , Celli S. , Chabab M. , Chau T.N. , Cherkaoui El Moursli R. , Chiarusi T. , Circella M. , Coleiro A. , Coniglione R. , Coyle P. , Creusot A. , Díaz A.F. , de Wasseige G. , Distefano C. , Di Palma I. , Domi A. , Donzaud C. , Dornic D. , Drouhin D. , Eberl T. , van Eeden T. , van Eijk D. , El Khayati N. , Enzenhöfer A. , Fermani P. , Ferrara G. , Filippini F. , Fusco L. , Gatelet Y. , Gay P. , Glotin H. , Gozzini R. , Gracia Ruiz R. , Graf K. , Guidi C. , Hallmann S. , van Haren H. , Heijboer A.J. , Hello Y. , Hernández-Rey J.J. , Hößl J. , Hofestädt J. , Huang F. , Illuminati G. , James C.W. , Jisse-Jung B. , de Jong M. , de Jong P. , Kadler M. , Kalekin O. , Katz U. , Khan-Chowdhury N.R. , Kouchner A. , Kreykenbohm I. , Kulikovskiy V. , Lahmann R. , Le Breton R. , LeStum S. , Lefèvre D. , Leonora E. , Levi G. , Lincetto M. , Lopez-Coto D. , Loucatos S. , Maderer L. , Manczak J. , Marcelin M. , Margiotta A. , Marinelli A. , Martínez-Mora J.A. , Martino B. , Melis K. , Migliozzi P. , Moussa A. , Muller R. , Nauta L. , Navas S. , Nezri E. , Ó Fearraigh B. , Păun A. , Păvălaş G.E. , Pellegrino C. , Perrin-Terrin M. , Pestel V. , Piattelli P. , Pieterse C. , Poirè C. , Popa V. , Pradier T. , Randazzo N. , Real D. , Reck S. , Riccobene G. , Romanov A. , Sánchez-Losa A. , Salesa Greus F. , Samtleben D.F.E. , Sanguineti M. , Sapienza P. , Schnabel J. , Schumann J. , Schüssler F. , Seneca J. , Spurio M. , Stolarczyk Th. , Taiuti M. , Tayalati Y. , Tingay S.J. , Vallage B. , Van Elewyck V. , Versari F. , Viola S. , Vivolo D. , Wilms J. , Zavatarelli S. , Zegarelli A. , Zornoza J.D. , Zúñiga J.
Published: June 2022

Solar Atmospheric Neutrinos (SAνs) are produced by the interaction of cosmic rays with the solar medium. The detection of SAνs would provide useful information on the composition of primary cosmic rays as well as the solar density. These neutrinos represent an irreducible source of background for indirect searches for dark matter towards the Sun and the measurement of their flux would allow for a better assessment of the uncertainties related to these searches. In this paper we report on the analysis performed, based on an unbinned likelihood maximisation, to search for SAνs with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. After analysing the data collected over 11 years, no evidence for a solar atmospheric neutrino signal has been found. An upper limit at 90% confidence level on the flux of solar atmospheric neutrinos has been obtained, equal to 7×10-11 [ TeV-1 cm-2 s-1] at E
ν
= 1 TeV for the reference cosmic ray model assumed.
Femtosecond and nanosecond laser polishing of rough polycrystalline diamond
Authors: Komlenok Maxim , Pashinin Vladimir , Sedov Vadim , Konov Vitaly
Published: June 2022

The laser polishing of rough (roughness of 5 μm) diamond plate using femtosecond and nanosecond pulses was realized for the first time. The effect of the angle of incidence, the number of passes, scanning speed, and laser fluence on the surface roughness was investigated and the optimal conditions were found. The initial roughness of the diamond plate was reduced by 5 times from 5 to 1 μm for both femtosecond and nanosecond laser sources. The results indicate the prospects of laser polishing of rough polycrystalline diamond samples.
Chiral corrections to the masses of the doubly heavy baryons
Authors: Tong Hao-Ze , Li Hao-Song
Published: June 2022

We study the masses of the doubly bottom baryons and the charmed-bottom baryons up to



p

3

in heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. We determine the unknown low energy constants in the quark model and lattice QCD. We show the numerical results for the masses of the doubly bottom baryons and the charmed-bottom baryons up to



p

3

.
Spectroscopic study of strangeness = –3 Ω– baryon*
Authors: Menapara Chandni , Rai Ajay Kumar
Published: June 2022

baryon with sss quarks has been investigated through many theoretical studies so far but scarcely observed in experiments. Here, an attempt has been made to explore properties of Ω with hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM) with a linear confining term. The resonance mass spectra have been obtained for 1S–4S, 1P–4P, 1D–3D, and 1F–2F. The Regge trajectory has been investigated for the linear nature based on calculated data along with the magnetic moment. The present work has been compared with various approaches and known experimental findings.
Effects of fast x-ray cone-beam tomographic measurement on dimensional metrology
Authors: Rossides Charalambos , Towsyfyan Hossein , Biguri Ander , Deyhle Hans , Lindroos Reuben , Mavrogordato Mark , Boardman Richard , Sun Wenjuan , Blumensath Thomas
Published: June 2022

X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is increasingly used for dimensional metrology, where it can offer accurate measurements of internal features that are not accessible with other techniques. However, XCT scanning can be relatively slow, which often prevents routine uptake for many applications. This paper explores the feasibility of improving the speed of XCT measurements while maintaining the quality of the dimensional measurements derived from reconstructed volumes. In particular, we compare two approaches to fast XCT acquisition, the use of fewer XCT projections as well as the use of shortened x-ray exposure times for each projection. The study shows that the additional Poisson noise produced by reducing the exposure for each projection has significantly less impact on dimensional measurements compared to the artefacts associated with strategies that take fewer projection images, leading to about half the measurement error variability. Advanced reconstruction algorithms such as the conjugate gradient least squares method or total variation constrained approaches, are shown to allow further improvements in measurement speed, though this can come at the cost of increased measurement bias (e.g. 2.8% increase in relative error in one example) and variance (e.g. 25% in the same example).
Parameterized bipartite entanglement measure
Authors: Wei Zhi-Wei , Fei Shao-Ming
Published: June 2022

We propose a novel parameterized entanglement measure α-concurrence for bipartite systems. By employing positive partial transposition and realignment criteria, we derive analytical lower bounds for the α-concurrence. Moreover, we calculate explicitly the analytic expressions of the α-concurrence for isotropic states and Werner states.