bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An equivalence of multistatistics on permutations
Authors: Nunge Arthur
Published: August 2021

We prove a conjecture of J.-C. Novelli, J.-Y. Thibon, and L. K. Williams (2010) about an equivalence of two triples of statistics on permutations. To prove this conjecture, we construct a bijection through different combinatorial objects, starting with a Catalan based object related to the PASEP.
Enumeration of Stack-Sorting Preimages via a Decomposition Lemma
Authors: Defant Colin
Published: August 2021

We give three applications of a recently-proven "Decomposition Lemma," which
allows one to count preimages of certain sets of permutations under West's
stack-sorting map $s$. We first enumerate the permutation class
$s^{-1}(\text{Av}(231,321))=\text{Av}(2341,3241,45231)$, finding a new example
of an unbalanced Wilf equivalence. This result is equivalent to the enumeration
of permutations sortable by ${\bf B}\circ s$, where ${\bf B}$ is the bubble
sort map. We then prove that the sets $s^{-1}(\text{Av}(231,312))$,
$s^{-1}(\text{Av}(132,231))=\text{Av}(2341,1342,\underline{32}41,\underline{31}42)$,
and $s^{-1}(\text{Av}(132,312))=\text{Av}(1342,3142,3412,34\underline{21})$ are
counted by the so-called "Boolean-Catalan numbers," settling a conjecture of
the current author and another conjecture of Hossain. This completes the
enumerations of all sets of the form
$s^{-1}(\text{Av}(\tau^{(1)},\ldots,\tau^{(r)}))$ for
$\{\tau^{(1)},\ldots,\tau^{(r)}\}\subseteq S_3$ with the exception of the set
$\{321\}$. We also find an explicit formula for
$|s^{-1}(\text{Av}_{n,k}(231,312,321))|$, where $\text{Av}_{n,k}(231,312,321)$
is the set of permutations in $\text{Av}_n(231,312,321)$ with $k$ descents.
This allows us to prove a conjectured identity involving Catalan numbers and
order ideals in Young's lattice.
On the existence and non-existence of improper homomorphisms of oriented and $2$-edge-coloured graphs to reflexive targets
Authors: Duffy Christopher , Shan Sonja Linghui
Published: August 2021

We consider non-trivial homomorphisms to reflexive oriented graphs in which
some pair of adjacent vertices have the same image. Using a notion of convexity
for oriented graphs, we study those oriented graphs that do not admit such
homomorphisms. We fully classify those oriented graphs with tree-width $2$ that
do not admit such homomorphisms and show that it is NP-complete to decide if a
graph admits an orientation that does not admit such homomorphisms. We prove
analogous results for $2$-edge-coloured graphs. We apply our results on
oriented graphs to provide a new tool in the study of chromatic number of
orientations of planar graphs -- a long-standing open problem.
Determining the Hausdorff Distance Between Trees in Polynomial Time
Authors: Kelenc Aleksander
Published: August 2021

The Hausdorff distance is a relatively new measure of similarity of graphs.
The notion of the Hausdorff distance considers a special kind of a common
subgraph of the compared graphs and depends on the structural properties
outside of the common subgraph. There was no known efficient algorithm for the
problem of determining the Hausdorff distance between two trees, and in this
paper we present a polynomial-time algorithm for it. The algorithm is recursive
and it utilizes the divide and conquer technique. As a subtask it also uses the
procedure that is based on the well known graph algorithm of finding the
maximum bipartite matching.
Ambiguity Hierarchy of Regular Infinite Tree Languages
Authors: Rabinovich Alexander , Tiferet Doron
Published: August 2021

An automaton is unambiguous if for every input it has at most one accepting
computation. An automaton is k-ambiguous (for k > 0) if for every input it has
at most k accepting computations. An automaton is boundedly ambiguous if it is
k-ambiguous for some $k \in \mathbb{N}$. An automaton is finitely
(respectively, countably) ambiguous if for every input it has at most finitely
(respectively, countably) many accepting computations.
The degree of ambiguity of a regular language is defined in a natural way. A
language is k-ambiguous (respectively, boundedly, finitely, countably
ambiguous) if it is accepted by a k-ambiguous (respectively, boundedly,
finitely, countably ambiguous) automaton. Over finite words every regular
language is accepted by a deterministic automaton. Over finite trees every
regular language is accepted by an unambiguous automaton. Over $\omega$-words
every regular language is accepted by an unambiguous B\"uchi automaton and by a
deterministic parity automaton. Over infinite trees Carayol et al. showed that
there are ambiguous languages.
We show that over infinite trees there is a hierarchy of degrees of
ambiguity: For every k > 1 there are k-ambiguous languages that are not k - 1
ambiguous; and there are finitely (respectively countably, uncountably)
ambiguous languages that are not boundedly (respectively finitely, countably)
ambiguous.
Cervical Insufficiency and Cerclage Treatment of Pregnant Syrian Refugees
Authors: Kayar İlkan , Serin Aliye Nigar , Birge Özer
Published: August 2021

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the cervical cerclage treatment among the Syrian refugees with cervical insufficiency.

Material and Methods: Retrospective data of 42 Syrian pregnant women who had cervical cerclage suture due to cervical insufficiency between 2015 and 2017 scanned and analyzed with SPSS 22.

Results: The mean age of the cases included in the study was 27.4±6.8. 12 cases (28.6%) had spontaneous pregnancy losses twice in the 2nd trimester. 24 cases (57.1%) gave birth via spontaneous vaginal delivery, whereas 18 cases (42.9%) gave birth via cesarean section. A statistically significant difference was determined between pre-cerclage and post-cerclage cervical length. Whilst no difference was detected in pre-cerclage cervical length for deliveries at week 37, a significant difference was detected in post-cerclage length.

Conclusıon: Increased miscarriages and second-trimester pregnancy losses seen in the first years of the war especially due to the use of chemical weapons and the stress suffered thereafter as well as the increased reproductive interest after the war bring together a greater desire for a healthy pregnancy and delivery. We believe that cervical-length measurement using transvaginal sonography during post-cerclage checks is important and that measurement of a cervical length equal to or above 30 mm may increase the probability of term delivery and decrease maternal, and most importantly, neonatal complications associated with preterm labor.
False Endometrial Thickening in Postmenopausal Patients Using Anticoagulants or Antiplatelets Agents
Authors: Ata Nahit , Kulhan Nur Gözde
Published: August 2021

Objective

There is no report that anticoagulant or antiplatelet use may lead to abnormal endometrial sonographic findings. This retrospective study reports our first results associated with endometrial sampling in asymptomatic postmenopausal women using anticoagulants or antiplatelet.

Materials methods

A total of 268 postmenopausal patients who applied to our gynecology outpatient clinic for any reasons except postmenopausal bleeding were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups according to using drug status: first healty control group [HCG], second anticoagulants agents group [ACG], and third antiplatelet agents group [APG]. The effects of anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents on endometrial thickness were compared with histopathological findings.

Results

The mean endometrial thickness was significantly greater in group ACG [5.2 mm] and APG [4.1 m]  than in group HCG [3.3 mm]. No significant differences were found in the mean endometrial thickness between groups HCG and APG. However, it is noteworthy that the average endomeric thickness in the ACG group is more than the other two groups and this is statistically significant [p < 0.05].

 

Conclusion

If the thickness of the endometrium was > 4 mm. endometrial sampling may be recommended in in asymptomatic postmenopausal women using anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents.
Retrospective study of the prevalence of heart diseases in dogs
Authors: de Araújo Bueno Neto Antenor , Gomes Silva Yan Augusto , Tho Jacqueline Satomi , Gasparotto Fernandes Camila , Gazza Romão Felipe , Perez Floriano Beatriz , Martinello Romão Luciene Maria
Published: August 2021

This work aimed to analyze the frequency of the main cardiopathies in dogs treated in the region of Bauru, SP, Brazil. A population of 466 dogs (285 females and 181 males) referred to a veterinary cardiology center from January 1st, 2014 to July 31st, 2015 was evaluated by echocardiographic examination. Factors such as race, age and sex were considered. Valvular disease was the most prevalent heart condition, followed by pulmonary hypertension. The increase in complementary diagnostic methods in the clinical practice has increased the possibility of diagnosis of cardiopathies in veterinary medicine.
Computed tomography perfusion: technical presentation and possible applications in veterinary and human medicine
Authors: de Almeida Santos Igor , B. de C. F. Pinto Ana Carolina
Published: August 2021

Perfusion computed tomography (PCT) is a diagnostic imaging technique that combines the morphological analysis of conventional computed tomographic exams and the functional evaluation of tissues, thus allowing study of the behavior of normal and diseased tissues. The examination provides numerical values and pseudo-colored tomographic imagens that allow quantitative and qualitative analyses of the tissue perfusion. PTC is considered a fast and sensitive method in stroke evaluation and has a wide spectrum of clinical applications in oncology, such as the differentiation of inflammatory and neoplastic tissues, in the characterization of hidden malignant lesions and in the evaluation of tumor response to therapy. The aim of this review is to describe the PCT technique and its advantages and disadvantages, as well as its main indications.
QUALITY OF LIFE AND DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES OF PRETERM INFANTS AT EARLY CHILDHOOD
Authors: Mkrtchyan Siranush А. , Dunamalyan Razmik А. , Ghukasyan Lilit E. , Mardiyan Marine A. , Grigoryan Karen K.
Published: August 2021

The developmental and behavioral disabilities remain high in children and in adults who were born preterm. In this case assessment of quality of life and development of preterm infants can be very informative and interesting. This is a prospective longitudinal (at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months) study of preterm birth and term control infants selected from pediatric polyclinics of Yerevan. The quality of life (QL) measures were done with QUALIN questionnaire and the developmental measures with Battelle Developmental Inventory. A total of 71 preterm and 105 term control infants underwent study. Among 71 preterm birth infants, who selected on the study at 3 months, 40 infant's score on the BDI was <–1 SD and 1 infants' score on the BDI was <–2 SD. However, at the age of 12 months 32 of these same children showed a BDI score >85. Parents and pediatricians reported worse QL for of preterm infants compared with control group. At same time parents of preterm infants reported better QL for their children compared with pediatricians. The lowest QL and developmental scores among preterm children were detected at 3 months. Improvement of QL and developmental score was observed in the next age groups.
UTILIZAÇÃO DO TRANSPORTE ATIVO PARA AUMENTO DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DA POPULAÇÃO URBANA DURANTE A PANDEMIA DO COVID-19 À LUZ DE ABORDAGEM BIBLIOMÉTRICA
Authors: Abreu Victor Hugo Souza de , Almeida Isabella Martins de , Turini Larissa Rodrigues
Published: August 2021

As restrições implementadas pelos governos para conter a disseminação do coronavírus (COVID-19), incluindo distanciamento social, isolamento e confinamento domiciliar, tiveram grande impacto na qualidade de vida da população urbana. Nesse sentido, a utilização do transporte ativo passou a configurar-se como uma importante estratégia para que a população tivesse acesso aos bens essenciais, permitindo uma maior distância entre os indivíduos, bem como para melhorar aspectos relacionados a saúde física e mental durante o período de pandemia. Servindo a esse propósito, este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica com abordagem bibliométrica para identificar como o transporte ativo pode influenciar na qualidade de vida da população urbana durante o período de pandemia. Os resultados indicam que a investigação sobre o assunto, embora prematura, encontra-se em crescimento, sendo publicados estudos em importantes periódicos internacionais. Além disso, as discussões levantadas aqui mostram que o transporte ativo corresponde a um modo de transporte crítico que necessita de um tratamento distinto, mais atento as demandas da população e das necessidades financiamento, tanto durante períodos normais, quanto em grandes perturbações sociais, como é o caso de uma pandemia como a do COVID-19.
The use of movement games in the educational process (on the example of physical education classes in primary school)
Authors: Aslonova Malohat Akramovna
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the issues of the place, meaning and role of outdoor games in the physical education of schoolchildren, as well as the use of outdoor games with non-standard tasks at physical culture lessons. The study of the interest of schoolchildren in physical education lessons has been carried out.
Identity, Gender and Space in Anne Enright's Novels
Authors: Raximova Umida Saliyevna
Published: August 2021

To demonstrate the writer’s skill in creating the image of the mother in Anne Enright’s novels, we studied the opinions of a number of foreign scholars and writers. First we studied their attitude to Enright. In this article, we will look at some of her remarkable works.
Terminology in Agriculture
Authors: Khaitova Gulshan Bahodirovna
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the agrarian terminology of the German and Uzbek languages, their formation, linguistic analysis, linguistic and cultural features and their place in the terminological system.
Ways to Increase the Competitiveness of Tourism Services Through the Application of Digital Technologies in Uzbekistan
Authors: Tuxliev Iskandar Suyunovich  , Sobirov Bobur
Published: August 2021

The article describes how today, due to the rapid development of the digital economy and the development of advanced technologies in the near future, they represent a new type of economic relations in all sectors of the global market, which can become the main form of exchange of money around the world
Synantropic Birds of Bukhara Region: Distribution, Number and Importance
Authors: Hamzaevich Barotov Avazbek
Published: August 2021

As a result of the study, synanthropic bird species specific to Bukhara region were identified. Preliminary materials collected to determine the seasonal dynamics of the distribution, number and number of synanthropic bird species in the region and their practical significance in human economy were analyzed.
Farmer Share Analysis of Tuna Fishermen in Gorontalo City, Indonesia
Authors: Lesman Fa'ana  , Lis M Yapanto
Published: August 2021

This research was conducted in Tanjung Kramat Village, Hulonthalangi District, Gorontalo City, Gorontalo Province. This study aims to determine the value of tuna fisherman's farmer share and to determine the marketing channels of tuna in Tanjung Kramat Village. The results showed that the marketing channels for tuna fishers in Tanjung Kramat Village were 2 channels. Channel I  is Fishermen –CamarLaut Company– Consumer Countries (Singapore, Malaysia, and Japan) channel II Fishermen - collectors - exporters CV. Baris Tuna Anugerah Gorontalo – Consumer Countries (Singapore, Malaysia, and Japan). The value of farmer share in the channel I gets the value of farmer share which is adjusted to the quality criteria of fish, there is quality A getting farmer share as much as 33% while on AC quality there is farmer share as much as 41% and quality C there is farmer share as much as 36% While in channel II the value of farmer share with fishermen to collectors according to the quality of the fish. In quality A, the farmer share value obtained is 90%, AC quality is 82% and C quality is 75%, while the farmer share value for collectors is to CV. Tuna Anugerah line that is adjusted to the quality of the fish. Quality A gets a farmer share value of 30% and AC quality gets 26% and quality C gets a farmer share value of 26%.
Oral Mucosa in Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Zhabborova U. , Inoyatov A. Sh.
Published: August 2021

Inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa can manifest themselves by various nosological processes of the oral cavity, but sometimes even against the background of pronounced inflammatory processes, stomatitis, gingivitis and many other diseases do not form, often this is due to systemic viral processes, for example, coronavirus infection. At the same time, clinical symptoms can be very diverse, or even absent even against the background of changes in the immune and microbial landscape of the oral cavity. With the progression of the disease, the process may spread to the palate, gums, palatine tonsils, larynx, and digestive tract. It is important to distinguish weakened individuals, individuals with immunodeficiency conditions who were on long-term use of antibacterial agents, corticosteroids and antineoplastic drugs. The persistence and recurrent nature of such inflammatory lesions requires not only the usual hygienic measures for the care of the oral cavity and teeth, but also appropriate justified therapy aimed at stimulating the protective forces of the oral mucosa.
The Comparative Structural Analysis of the Treatises of Abu Bakr Kalabadi “At-Taarruf” and “Bakhrul- Favaid”
Authors: Hoshimxonovich Yuldashxodjayev Kamolxon
Published: August 2021

This article is devoted to the comparative structural analysis of the works of Abu Bakr Kalabadi “At-Ta’arruf” and “Bahrul-favaid”. The impact of the structural analysis of the works on the science of Hadith has been studied with the coverage of these works on the basis of sources that their period and subsequent period became a program-practice for Sufism and the science of Hadith.
Muslihabegim Miskin Appeals to Historical Person - Hazrat Agoyi Buzurg
Authors: Tursunovna Sodiqova Dilorom
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the appeals of the Bukhara poetess Muslihabegim Miskin to the image of the historical figure - Hazrat Aga Buzurg, as well as examples of poems dedicated to Hazrat Aga Buzurg.
Treatment of Cattle from Bovicoliosis
Authors: Pulotov F. S.
Published: August 2021

The article provides information on the therapiya of the common bovicoliosis among cattle.
Un camino iniciado y parcialmente recorrido: concepciones y expectativas de los futuros docentes sobre el Máster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria una década después
Authors: Martínez-Ferreira José María , Miguel-Revilla Diego , Sánchez-Agustí María
Published: August 2021

Más de una década después de la implantación del Máster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria como modelo de formación docente, son muchos los retos que todavía quedan pendientes. Esta investigación presenta un análisis de las concepciones y el imaginario docente de los profesores de Educación Secundaria en formación mediante un examen de las respuestas proporcionadas por 594 estudiantes matriculados en las distintas especialidades del Máster en la Universidad de Valladolid. La información ha sido obtenida a lo largo de cuatro cursos académicos, entre el año 2015 y el año 2019. A través de un análisis de carácter mixto, se examinan las motivaciones, dedicación y perspectivas laborales del futuro profesorado, así como sus expectativas y concepciones sobre el modelo de formación docente. Los resultados dejan patente que un porcentaje significativo de los participantes no muestra un interés por dedicarse prioritariamente a la docencia, y que casi la mitad compagina sus estudios de Máster con trabajos u otros estudios. Igualmente, se identifican diversas competencias que los docentes en formación esperan desarrollar a lo largo del Máster, encontrando contrastes según la tipología de los futuros profesores, y ofreciendo una visión sobre su imaginario docente. Asimismo, se presenta un examen acerca de las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre el propio Máster como modelo formativo y sobre las alternativas existentes, abordando en la discusión final algunos de los retos futuros en la formación del profesorado de Secundaria.
PENGARUH INTERAKSI ANTARA TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT DENGAN SISTEM PENGUKURAN KINERJA DALAM SISTEM PENGHARGAAN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL (Studi Empiris pada Telkom Sumatera Utara)
Authors: Limbong Nimrod
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguii pengaruh variable system pengukuran, sistem penghargaan, TQM, interaksi TQM dengan sistem pengukuran kinerja dan interaksi TQM dengan sistem penghargaan terhadap kinerja managerial PT. Telkom Sumatera Utara, penelitian ini merupakan replikasi dari penelitian Narsa dan Yuniawati (2013), Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain survey. Responden adalah senior manajer dan staf dengan sampel berjumlah 54 orang dari total populasi 90 orang. Teknik analisis data untuk menguji hipotesis adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil pengujian menyatakan bahwa gagal menolak Ho5, artinya interaksi sistem penghargaan (X2) dengan TQM (X3) pengaruhnya tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja manajerial. Sedangkan lima hipotesis lainnya terbukti.

Kata kunci: TQM, sistem pengukuran kinerja, sistem penghargaan ,dan kinerja

manajerial.
KUTSALLA İLETİŞİMİN BİR UNSURU OLARAK KURBAN (Sinemilli Aleviler Örneğinde)
Authors: KIYAK Abdulkadir
Published: August 2021

İnsanın diğer varlıklardan ayırıcı kılan en önemli özellikleri bedeni tabiatı yanında akıl ve duyu sahibi bir varlık olmasıdır. Böyle bir fıtrata sahip olan insan hayati fonksiyonlarını sürdürmek için bedeni ihtiyaçlarını karşılamakla yetinmemiştir. Aynı zamanda kendi varlığının bilincine varmış ve hayatının her aşamasında kutsal bir varlığa inanma ve sığınma ihtiyacı duymuştur. Bu inanma duyusu onun “dindar insan” kimliğini kazanmasında temel etken olmuştur. Dindar bir varlık olması neticesinde insan, inandığı kutsal varlıklarla iletişim kurma, onlara yakın olma ve onların kutsiyetinden faydalanma ihtiyacını hissetmiştir. Bu ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda insanın kutsalla iletişimini sağlaması ise inandığı dinin öngördüğü ibadetler yoluyla gerçekleşmektedir. Çünkü ibadetin özünde kutsal varlıklara yönelik inanç yatmaktadır. İnsanın kutsal varlık veya varlıklar ile iletişimini sağlayan en önemli bir ibadet türü de kurban ibadetidir.

Tarihi süreç içerisinde insanlık tarihi kadar köklü bir maziye sahip olan kurban, hemen hemen bütün dinlerde ve kültürlerde varlığını sürdüren önemli bir ibadet ritüelidir. Kurban, hem ferdi hem de toplumsal boyutu olan bir ibadettir. Kişi kurban ibadetiyle hem inandığı kutsal varlığa karşı kulluk bilincini ortaya koymakta hem de kurbanını ihtiyaç sahiplerine ulaştırarak toplumsal vahdaniyyetin oluşmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu düşünceden hareketle bu çalışmada, Anadolu Aleviliğinin önemli bir kesimini oluşturan Sinemilli Alevilerde kurban ibadeti ile ilgili inanışlar üzerinde durulacaktır. Bu inanışların Dinler Tarihi açısından değerlendirilmesi yapılacaktır.
ESKİ YUNAN’DA DİN VE ŞİFA İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ALAKUŞ Abdullah
Published: August 2021

Din olgusu insanlığın ilk günlerinden itibaren hayatlarının merkezinde yer almıştır. Toplumların dini inançlarıyla bağlantılı olarak şifa arayışının ve beklentisinin odağında da dinsel unsurlar olmuş ve bu bağlamda tedavi yöntemleri geliştirilmiştir. Ancak insanlığın sağladığı maddi ve manevi gelişmeler sonucunda bu tutumun tarihsel süreç içerisinde değişime uğradığı görülmektedir. Bu değişimin kökenlerinin, Eski Yunan medeniyetinde MÖ VI. ve V. yüzyılda gelişen bilimsel ve düşünsel bulgulara dayandığı kabul edilmektedir. Eski Yunanda dönemsel olarak hastalıklara ve tedavilerine öz itibariyle iki farklı yaklaşımın benimsendiği görülmektedir. Bunlardan ilki, insanlık tarihinde ilk dönemlerden itibaren bulunan mitolojik/doğaüstü ya da dinsel yaklaşımdır. Diğeri ise Hipokrat ekolüyle birlikte gelişen akılcı yaklaşımdır. Yunanlılarda, her iki şifa anlayışı da yüzyıllar boyunca bir tedavi yöntemi olarak uygulanmıştır. Hipokrat ekolünde, hastalıkların kaynağı olarak dini unsurlardan ziyade insan vücudunda bulunduğu düşülen dört sıvı teorisine dayanan dengenin bozulması ve çevresel faktörler gibi doğal nedenler kabul edilmiştir. Ayrıca Hipokrat ekolü tarafından halk arasında bulunan sihirsel ve büyüsel tedavi anlayışının eleştirildiği görülmekledir. Bu çalışmada Eski Yunandaki dinsel inançlar ile var olan iki farklı şifa anlayışının çelişip çelişmediği ve aralarında nasıl bir bağ olduğu değerlendirilmeye çalışılacaktır.
HİNT DİNLERİNDE GÜNAH ALGISI
Authors: GÜVEN Hilal , KIYAK Abdulkadir
Published: August 2021

İnsanın varoluşuyla birlikte ortaya çıkan günah kavramı tarih boyunca yaşamış ve hala yaşayan toplumlarda insan hayatının önemli bir konusu olmuş ve üzerinde önemle durulan bir olgu haline gelmiştir. Özellikle tüm insanların yaşamını ilgilendiren günah konusunda dinler, günahın insana zarar veren tehlikeli boyutunu vurgulayarak inananlarını günaha karşı uyarmıştır. Yine hemen hemen bütün inançlarda insanın işleyebilme kabiliyetinde olduğu günah, kutsala karşı işlenmiş suç, ilahi emir ve yasakların ihlali, bireysel ve toplumsal düzenin bozulmasına yönelik bir davranış olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ancak günahın tanımı, kaynağı ve insan üzerindeki etkileri her dinde farklılık göstermektedir. Her dinsel geleneğin kendi teolojik yapısına uygun şekilde bir günah algısı bulunmaktadır.

Kendini daha çok kurtuluş dini olarak tanıtan Hint dinlerinde insanın sürekli varoluş döngüsünden/samsaradan kurtulması ve özgürleşmesi her zaman için önemli bir konu olmuştur. Ancak insana acı veren bu samsara döngüsünden kurtulmak için insanın uyması gereken bazı kural ve yasaklamalar vardır. Hint dinlerinin temelinde kişinin dünya hayatına bağlılığının nedeni olan cehaletten ve kendi öz varlığını fark ederek karma-samsara döngüsünden kurtulma amacı bulunur. Bu sebeple insanın günahtan uzak, ahlaklı ve erdemli bir hayat sürmesi gerekmektedir. Hint dinlerinde, yaşanılan dünya hayatında yapılan günahlar gelecek hayatı, geçmişte yapılan günahlar ise yaşanılan hayatı (acıya ve sürekli yeniden bedenlenmeye sebep olduğundan) olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu durumda, Hint dinlerine göre kurtuluş, genel olarak fiziksel yollarla giderilebilecek maddi bir kirlilik olarak kabul edilen günahtan kaçınarak sağlanabilir.

Bu makalede Hint dinlerinde görülen günah algısı ve günahtan kurtuluş için önerilen yöntemlerin neler olduğu incelenmektedir. Aynı zamanda bu makale Hint dinlerindeki günah anlayışının yansımalarını teolojik yapılarına uygun bir şekilde saptayarak bu konuda katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Choroidal Melanoma: An Overview
Authors: Mostafa Omar , Suleiman Kusy , Abdallah Yusuf
Published: August 2021

Pigmented fundus lesions on fundoscopic examination are not an uncommon finding. Pigmented tumoral lesions can arise from the retinal epithelium or choroidal melanocytes causing a spectrum of disorders, ranging from choroidal naevus and foreign bodies to the rarer choroidal melanoma. As choroidal melanoma is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumour, this educational review aims to provide a structured overview of this topic to students and junior doctors, to help establish an understanding of such a rare but life-threatening condition. This will also provide the reader with an insight on referral guidelines in the United Kingdom, a brief overview of various treatments, and factors that affect patient’s prognosis.
Análisis de noticias falsas generadas y transmitidas a partir de los avances tecnológicos digitales desde una perspectiva de diseño gráfico durante la fase inicial de la pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Álvarez De Mattos Rodrigo
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo colabora con el análisis de dos males que padece la Sociedad de la Información. La pandemia de Covid-19 se manifiesta en la salud pública, mientras que la desfinformación se expresa socialmente en los medios de comunicación. Se desarrollaron tres secciones que componen este documento y que fueron ilustradas con múltiples ejemplos. Se inicia al describir el momento actual determinado a partir del primer trimestre del 2020, continuando con la relación de la Sociedad de la Información y el diseño, y finaliza con la indagación del impacto de los avances tecnológicos, sobre todo los digitales.
A Case Study on Digital Marketing with Reference to India During and Post COVID-19
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Dr. Pradipta
Published: August 2021

Digital marketing can be defined as the use of various digital methods and digital channels to connect with the prospective customers for the promotion of a particular product or service. Digital marketing includes social media promotion, development of websites, email marketing, online brochures etc, which are used for digital advertising. This paper will study the implications of digital marketing in the modern world along with the difference between traditional marketing and digital marketing and the present stage of digital marketing in India. The current study has been casual, exploratory and empirical in nature and the data needed for research work has been collected by using both direct and indirect method of data collection.
Tietze Sendromu: Bir Olgu Sunumu
Authors: ÖZTÜRK DURMAZ Havva , ERDEM Hatice Rana
Published: August 2021

Tietze’s Syndrome: A Case Report Tietze syndrome (TS) is a rare inflammatory arthropathy characterized by tenderness, pain, and non-purulent swelling of the costosternal, costochondral and sternoclavicular joints. It often involves the costosternal joints and sternoclavicular jointinvolvement is rare. In this case report, we present a 72-year-old female patient suffering from pain and swelling in the right upper chest wall fo rabout 2 years. Physical examination revealed tenderness in the right sternoclavicular joint and an approximately 2x2 cm moderate swelling. Ultrasonic imaging of the swelling area revealed increased echogenicity and edema in the right sternoclavicular joint area. Laboratory findings were normal. The patient was diagnosed with TS and a local injection of a corticosteroid and local anesthetic mixture was administered. The patient’s complaints decreased significantly after the infiltration. In this case report, we present a TS case with sternoclavicular joint involvement that we treated with local injection. Keywords: Tietze’s syndrome, sternoclavicularjoint, costochondritis
A INFLUÊNCIA DA AVALIAÇÃO DE DESEMPENHO NA ROTATIVIDADE DE PESSOAL DE UMA EMPRESA CONCESSIONÁRIA DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA NO CENTRO-OESTE
Authors: Espejo Márcia Maria dos Santos Bortolocci , Araújo Willian Souza , Fernandes Natália , Domingues Fábio
Published: August 2021

Em um ambiente ávido pelo controle de custos, entender o comportamento da organização é primordial para mensuração e quantificação de processos. O conceito de Sistema de Controle Gerencial (SCG), tem em seu princípio básico a estruturação e organização de informações de modo que sejam úteis aos gestores nos processos decisórios. Conhecendo o que é o conceito, entende-se a extensão das suas aplicações e implicações. Este estudo objetiva verificar se as decisões sobre a ativação da ferramenta turnover possuem alguma (cor)relação com a Avaliação de Desempenho (AVD). Os dados foram coletados em uma empresa concessionária de energia, abrangendo várias fases de gestão ao longo do tempo e suas diferenças nos modelos de avaliação. Com os dados quantitativos disponíveis, pode-se avaliar estatisticamente as ferramentas. A importância de um estudo deste tipo, tanto para a organização quanto para a academia, é verificada pela mensuração de duas variáveis que são conectadas subjetivamente. Os resultados demonstram a não relação entre as ferramentas de Avaliação de Desempenho e turnover, mas, abre novas possibilidades de pesquisa na organização, que podem ser mais determinantes a decisão do turnover e dúvidas sobre a efetividade da Avaliação de Desempenho.
Do Nerd ao Geek: Uma Análise dos Simbolismos de Representatividade e Práticas de Consumo
Authors: Mendes Felipe Barros da Silva , Silva Lucas Melo Ferreira
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho visa discutir e analisar, a cultura pop dentro da perspectiva dos grupos identitários nerd e geek, a fim de compreender as transformações simbólicas e de representatividade ao longo dos anos e como o mainstream contribuiu para que heróis de histórias em quadrinhos e filmes blockbusters se tornassem notícia nos canais midiáticos, reinventando o estereótipo do nerd criado pela indústria cinematográfica. Além disso, o artigo traz um aparato sobre o consumo nerd/geek e o atual cenário pandêmico no qual o mundo vivencia, levantando a hipótese de que a sociedade de consumo adquiriu algumas das características que compõem a cultura desses grupos identitários em razão das regras de isolamento social impostas pela pandemia.
O amanhã que nunca veio: Mulheres e musicalidade na literatura intermidiática de Haruki Murakami
Authors: Amorim Thainara
Published: August 2021

A presente resenha tem o intuito de discutir o título South of the Border, West of the Sun (1998), do escritor japonês Haruki Murakami (que será lançado nas livrarias brasileiras pela Alfaguara, selo da Companhia das Letras), apontando suas semelhanças com a obra Norwegian Wood (2011) do mesmo autor. Além disso, a análise busca refletir sobre a representação feminina no cânone murakamiano.
Host - e a dificuldade de se fazer Cinema
Authors: Farias Pedro Victor Viana Coutinho de Oliveira
Published: August 2021

Esta resenha crítica faz uma análise técnica e narrativa do filme de Terror Host (2020). Para além desses pontos contidos dentro da própria obra, será analisada uma questão externa, que é a dificuldade de se fazer cinema em um período complicado e caótico como a pandemia do coronavírus. Junto a esse aspecto, serão também feitas relações com alguns outros filmes, em especial Apocalypse Now (1979), mostrando que mesmo em outra época e com outros aspectos, as dificuldades na arte de se fazer cinema se mantém e em muitas ocasiões podem até ajudar na qualidade da obra e na sua importância dentro da comunidade cinéfila.
An investigation into classroom management in an outcomes-based education context : implications for parents and governors
Authors:   , Govender Loganayagie
Published: August 2021

Since 1994 South Africa has been undergoing political change and this has impacted tremendously on education. There have been major shifts in education policy, structures and curriculum. Since the introduction of the new curriculum which is Outcomes-Based Education, educators, learners, parents, school governors and principals have been faced with numerous challenges and have also been confronted with a variety of problems
The induction of newly appointed educators : an investigation of the situation at four rural secondary schools in the Port Shepstone region, KwaZulu-Natal, 2001-2003
Authors:   , Vethe Calson Bhekithemba
Published: August 2021

This research investigates the induction of newly appointed educators at four selected rural secondary schools in the Port Shepstone Region KwaZulu-Natal during the period 2001 to 2003. This study explores the notion of induction as a means of allaying fear, insecurity and uncertainty and any sense of unfulfilled expectations that newly appointed educators experience. This study also intends to apprise education departments of the need to make induction a more effective professional experience for the benefit of newly appointed educators
The relevance of Sathya Sai Baba's philosophy to the educational leadership of secondary school principals in the central Stanger area
Authors:   , Kommal Teddy
Published: August 2021

The ultimate goal of this research is to demonstrate the positive effect that can be achieved in the educational management arena by following the teachings of Sathya Sai Baba. This work attempts to add the voice of Sathya Sai Baba in classroom and school management and to demonstrate how his teachings could be used to the benefit of school principals, fellow educators and learners. In this research, focus is placed on secondary schools in the central Stanger area as the researcher is a principal in this area
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AMMONIA EXCRETING CYANOBACTERIUM CYLINDROSPERMUM SP. NDOP002
Authors: Dwivedi Om Prakash and N.
Published: August 2021

Cylindrospermum sp. NDOP002 was isolated from agricultural fields of Azamgarh, U.P., India. It was characterized by morphological methods. Total chlorophyll a content was 18.5 µg/ mg dry weight. Organism achieved a stationary phase of growth after 15 days of cultivation. Ammonia excretion was monitored from 6 hrs. of culture to 20 days. The ammonia content of culture increased up to 7 days (Maximum amount of 3.23 µg/ ml) and then decreased. Approximately a constant amount of ammonia was maintained from 9th and onwards days of growth. Maximum glutamine synthetase (GS) activity of 8.33 mM ?glutamyl hydroxamate min-1 mg chl-1 was observed on the 5th day of culture and then decreased. Approximately constant GS activity was observed after 9th and onward days of growth. Algalisation experiment showed an increase in growth parameter of rice plant in algalised set. Length of roots was 6.4-6.9 cm in non algalised and 7.2-7.6 cm in algalised rice plants whereas the length of shoots was 5.7-6.1 cm in non- algalised and 9.5-10.1 cm in algalised rice plants. The amount of ammonia in algalised set was 2.1 µg/ ml on the 10th day of the experiment. Experimental findings clearly suggest Cylindrospermum sp. NDOP002 as suitable inocula for algalisation of rice fields of Azamgarh district, U.P., India.
A REVIEW ON ANATOMICAL METHODS IN PLANT SYSTEMATICS
Authors: Priya C. , Hari N.
Published: August 2021

The comparative study of plant structure, morphology, and anatomy has always been the backbone of plant systematics. Anatomical characteristics are important evidence when elucidating the relationships among higher plants. Therefore the anatomical information can be taxonomically useful without having obvious evolutionary or phylogenetic interpretation. This review is a comprehensive study of the plant anatomical methods used by various researchers using different plant sources like leaf, petiole, and stem
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF ANABAENA DOLIOLUM UNDER UV-B AND PESTICIDE STRESS
Authors: Pandey Vandana
Published: August 2021

The effects of UV-B and pesticides (Butachlor and Carbofuran) on nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism have been studied on filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, Anabaena doliolum. The study showed a decrease in the uptake of NH4+, PO4-3, activities of nitrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and alkaline phosphatase, when the cells were exposed to UV-B and pesticides. The interaction of two stresses showed the additive type of behavior for the studied parameters. In contrast, a significant increase in NO3- uptake and nitrate reductase activity was seen when Anabaena cells were exposed to different doses of UV-B.
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE LOSS OF CAPACITY OF THE FOUM EL GHERZA DAM
Authors: Khelifi Leila , Benfetta Hassen Noureddine , Khaldi Abdelkrim , Rahmouni Abdelwahab
Published: August 2021

The study of climate impacts takes on an importance in scientific research, particularly on water resources. The present study highlights the situation of the capacity of Foum El Gherza dam in relation to the observed climate changes. Located in an arid zone of south-eastern Algeria, this dam is a typical example of a region fragile to climate variability. The methodology adopted in this work is based on the analysis of the evolution of the climatic parameters (precipitation and evaporation) as well as the hydrological parameters (flow yields, and leaks) in relation to the losses of stored water volume of the studied dam. The monthly values of climatic and hydrological data contain a 60-year time series (1950 to 2010). The results obtained show that the losses in capacity coincide with the negative trend of precipitation. Thus, a significant upward trend in evaporation is responsible for the decline in the volumes of water stored within the dam. The correlation analysis expresses that the losses in capacity of the Foum El Gherza dam have a strong impact with leakage and with liquid inflows.
Long-term experimental diagenesis of aragonitic biocarbonates: from organic matter loss to abiogenic calcite formation
Authors: Forjanes Pablo , Simonet Roda María , Greiner Martina , Griesshaber Erika , Lagos Nelson A. , Veintemillas-Verdaguer Sabino , Astilleros José Manuel , Fernández-Díaz Lurdes , Schmahl Wolfgang W.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Carbonate biological hard tissues are valuable archives of environmental information. However, this information can be blurred or even completely lost as hard tissues undergo diagenetic alteration. This is more likely to occur in aragonitic skeletons because bioaragonite commonly transforms into calcite during diagenesis. For reliably using aragonitic skeletons as geochemical proxies, it is necessary to understand in depth the diagenetic alteration processes that they undergo. Several works have recently investigated the hydrothermal alteration of aragonitic hard tissues during short term experiments at high temperatures (T > 160 °C). In this study, we conduct long term (4 and 6 months) hydrothermal alteration experiments at 80 °C using burial-like fluids. We document and evaluate the changes undergone by the outer and inner layers of Arctica islandica shell, the prismatic and nacreous layers of Haliotis ovina shell, and the skeleton of Porites sp. combining a variety of analytical tools (X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis, laser confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and atomic force microscopy). We demonstrate that this approach is the most adequate to trace subtle, diagenetic alteration-related changes in aragonitic biocarbonates. Furthermore, we unveil that the diagenetic alteration of aragonitic hard tissues is a complex multi-step process where major changes occur even at the low temperature used in this study and well before any aragonite into calcite transformation takes place. Alteration starts with biopolymer decomposition and concomitant generation of secondary porosity. These processes are followed by abiogenic aragonite precipitation that partially or totally obliterates the secondary porosity. Only afterwards any transformation of aragonite into calcite takes place. The kinetics of the alteration is highly dependent on primary microstructural features of the aragonitic biomineral. While the skeleton of Porites sp. remains virtually unaltered within the time spam of the experiments, Haliotis ovina nacre undergoes extensive abiogenic aragonite precipitation, the outer and inner layers of Arctica islandica shell are significantly affected by aragonite transformation into calcite and this transformations extensive in the case of the prismatic layer of Haliotis ovina shell. Our results suggest that most aragonitic fossil archives may be overprinted, even those free of clear diagenetic alteration signs. This finding may have major implications for the use of these archives as geochemical proxies.
The potential for structural errors in emergent constraints
Authors: Sanderson Benjamin M. , Pendergrass Angeline G. , Koven Charles D. , Brient Florent , Booth Ben B. B. , Fisher Rosie A. , Knutti Reto
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Studies of emergent constraints have frequently proposed that a single
metric can constrain future responses of the Earth system to anthropogenic
emissions. Here, we illustrate that strong relationships between observables
and future climate across an ensemble can arise from common structural model
assumptions with few degrees of freedom. Such cases have the potential to
produce strong yet overconfident constraints when processes are represented
in a common, oversimplified fashion throughout the ensemble. We consider
these issues in the context of a collection of published constraints and
argue that although emergent constraints are potentially powerful tools for
understanding ensemble response variation and relevant observables, their
naïve application to reduce uncertainties in unknown climate responses
could lead to bias and overconfidence in constrained projections. The
prevalence of this thinking has led to literature in which statements are made on
the probability bounds of key climate variables that were confident yet
inconsistent between studies. Together with statistical robustness and a
mechanism, assessments of climate responses must include multiple lines of
evidence to identify biases that can arise from shared, oversimplified
modelling assumptions that impact both present and future climate
simulations in order to mitigate against the influence of shared structural
biases.
GPRChinaTemp1km: a high-resolution monthly air temperature dataset for China (1951–2020) based on machine learning
Authors: He Qian , Wang Ming , Liu Kai , Li Kaiwen , Jiang Ziyu
Published: August 2021

Abstract. An accurate spatially continuous air temperature dataset is crucial for multiple applications in environmental and ecological sciences. Existing spatial interpolation methods have relatively low accuracy and the resolution of available long-term gridded products of air temperature for China is coarse. Point observations from meteorological stations can provide long-term air temperature data series but cannot represent spatially continuous information. Here, we devised a method for spatial interpolation of air temperature data from meteorological stations based on powerful machine learning tools. First, to determine the optimal method for interpolation of air temperature data, we employed three machine learning models: random forest, support vector machine, and Gaussian process regression. Comparison of the mean absolute error, root mean square error, coefficient of determination, and residuals revealed that Gaussian process regression had high accuracy and clearly outperformed the other two models regarding interpolation of monthly maximum, minimum, and mean air temperatures. The machine learning methods were compared with three traditional methods used frequently for spatial interpolation: inverse distance weighting, ordinary kriging, and ANUSPLIN. Results showed that the Gaussian process regression model had higher accuracy and greater robustness than the traditional methods regarding interpolation of monthly maximum, minimum, and mean air temperatures in each month. Comparison with the TerraClimate, FLDAS, and ERA5 datasets revealed that the accuracy of the temperature data generated using the Gaussian process regression model was higher. Finally, using the Gaussian process regression method, we produced a long-term (January 1951 to December 2020) gridded monthly air temperature dataset with 1 km resolution and high accuracy for China, which we named GPRChinaTemp1km. The dataset consists of three variables: monthly mean air temperature, monthly maximum air temperature, and monthly minimum air temperature. The obtained GPRChinaTemp1km data were used to analyse the spatiotemporal variations of air temperature using Theil–Sen median trend analysis in combination with the Mann–Kendall test. It was found that the monthly mean and minimum air temperatures across China were characterized by a significant trend of increase in each month, whereas monthly maximum air temperature showed a more spatially heterogeneous pattern with significant increase, non-significant increase, and non-significant decrease. The GPRChinaTemp1km dataset is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5112122 (He et al., 2021a) for monthly maximum air temperature, at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5111989 (He et al., 2021b) for monthly mean air temperature and at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5112232 (He et al., 2021c) for monthly minimum air temperature.