bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A wall of treatments: An integrative problem‐solving approach to the prevention of stone‐throwing in East Jerusalem
Authors: Hasisi Badi , Itskovich Eran , Khoury‐Kassabri Mona
Published: November 2022

Research summary

There is growing evidence that some proactive policing strategies have shown promising results in reducing crime. Most of these strategies are generally applied separately to address specific components of criminal behavior, while the involvement in the crime itself may be caused by different factors. This raises the question of whether an integrative approach that addresses these factors could be an appropriate approach to reduce involvement in the crime. Furthermore, most of these policing strategies have been applied toward regular crime; this leaves us with the question of whether these strategies would show similar results when political offenses are involved as well. Our study focuses on the political offense of stone‐throwing in East Jerusalem, usually by Palestinian teenage boys. We applied an integrative approach in one of the Palestinian neighborhoods in East Jerusalem, which included strategies such as focused deterrence, place‐based policing, cognitive behavioral therapy, diversion to nonenforcement tracks, and interventions at the community level. We found a large and significant reduction in the targeted neighborhood compared to similar Palestinian neighborhoods. We have not found evidence of displacement, but rather evidence of significant diffusion of crime‐control benefits.

Policy implications

The results of the study suggest that an integrative approach that addresses the risks and needs of minority youth can help reduce their future involvement in political offenses. Furthermore, the implementation of promising strategies in the wider context of policing regular crimes may also be effective in responding to political offenses.
Extended scope of practice needed for Australian rural general surgeons: a review of South Australia's rural general surgical caseload and case mix
Authors: Liu Jianliang , Lei Caryl , Reid Jessica , Bruening Martin , Anthony Adrian , Trochsler Markus , Maddern Guy
Published: November 2022

Background

There is a shortage of surgeons caring for the 33% of Australians residing in rural and regional areas. In order to help appreciate what rural general surgery entails and optimize training for aspiring rural surgeons, the aim of this study was to analyse the general surgical departments' procedural caseload and casemix in four rural South Australian hospitals.

Methods

This is a retrospective multi‐centre study involving four rural surgical centres in South Australia (Mt Gambier, Whyalla, Port Augusta, and Port Lincoln). Surgical procedures performed from 2014–2020 were extracted from departmental audits. To identify trends of surgical procedure over time, the data was divided into three time periods (Period 1: February 2014–December 2015, Period 2: January 2016–December 2017, Period 3: January 2018–March 2020).

Results

A total of 44 191 surgical procedures were performed, 70.2% being day procedures. 54% were endoscopic procedures, 46% were operative procedures. 60.6% of the operative procedures were general surgery procedures. 28.5% were general surgery‐based subspecialty (colorectal, hepato‐pancreato‐biliary, upper gastrointestinal, and breast). 10.9% were non‐general surgery‐based subspecialty (urology, plastics, vascular, orthopaedics, head and neck, and obstetrics and gynaecology). There were no statistically significant fluctuations in procedure caseload in all aspects (endoscopic and operative procedures) over the three time periods.

Conclusion

The majority of a rural Australian general surgeon's procedures are endoscopic. Operative procedures are mainly general surgery based. It may be beneficial to equip aspiring rural general surgeons to manage basic non‐general surgery procedures (urological, vascular, and orthopaedic).
High β‐carotene concentration in plasma enhances cyclic progesterone production in nonpregnant Japanese Black cows
Authors: Mitsuishi Hiroki , Natsubori Eri , Otsuka Tsuyoshi , Yayota Masato
Published: November 2022

β‐Carotene is an essential nutrient in cattle reproduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of β‐carotene supplementation on ovarian activities throughout the estrous cycle in nonpregnant Japanese Black cows. The estrous cycles of eight nonpregnant Japanese Black cows were synchronized using a double synch protocol, and the cows were divided into two groups. The cows in the β‐carotene (BC) group received supplementation with 1000 mg/day β‐carotene for 46 days including the synchronization period. The cows in the control (C) group did not receive β‐carotene supplementation. The results showed that β‐carotene supplementation at 1000 mg/day was sufficient to maintain a high plasma β‐carotene concentration and increase the plasma retinol concentration and that β‐carotene supplementation had no significant effects on the dominant follicle diameter, total number of estrus behaviors, or length of the estrous cycle. In contrast, the areas under the P4 concentration curves in the BC group were higher than those obtained for the C group. In conclusion, a high plasma β‐carotene concentration in Japanese Black cows promotes P4 production in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle and total P4 production throughout the estrous cycle without changing the length of the estrous cycle.
Over expression of ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme E2O in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells partially attenuates acute myeloid leukaemia progression
Authors: Tian Chen , Chen Zehui , Wang Lina , Si Junqi , Kang Junnan , Li Yueyang , Zheng Yaxin , Gao Yanan , Nuermaimaiti Rexidan , You M. James , Zheng Guoguang
Published: November 2022

Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). However, due to the high heterogeneity of AML the mechanism underlying the cross‐talk between MSCs and leukaemia cells is not well understood. We found that mixed‐lineage leukaemia‐AF9 (MLL‐AF9)‐induced AML mice‐derived MSCs had higher proliferative viability compared to wild‐type mice‐derived MSCs with ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme E2O (Ube2o) down‐regulation. After overexpression of UBE2O in AML‐derived MSCs, the growth capacity of MSCs was reduced with nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NF‐κB) pathway deactivation. In vitro co‐culture assay revealed that UBE2O‐overexpression MSCs suppressed the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of AML cells by direct contact. In vivo results revealed that the leukaemia burden was reduced and the overall survival of AML mice was prolonged, with decreased dissemination of leukaemia cells in BM, spleen, liver and peripheral blood. Additionally, subcutaneous tumorigenesis revealed that tumour growth was also suppressed in the UBE2O‐overexpression MSCs group. In conclusion, UBE2O was expressed at a low level in MLL‐AF9‐induced AML mice‐derived MSCs. Overexpression of UBE2O in MSCs suppressed their proliferation through NF‐κB pathway deactivation, which resulted in AML suppression. Our study provides a theoretical basis for a BM microenvironment‐based therapeutic strategy to control disease progression.
Let's talk about faces: Identifying faces from verbal descriptions
Authors: Tyler Rebecca , Towler Alice , Kemp Richard I. , White David
Published: November 2022

Face descriptions inform real‐world identification decisions, for example when eyewitnesses describe criminal perpetrators. However, it is unclear how effective face descriptions are for identification. Here, we examined the accuracy of face identification from verbal descriptions, and how individual differences in face perception relate to producing and using descriptions for identification. In Study 1, participants completed a face communication task in pairs. Each participant saw a single face, and via verbal communication only, the pair decided if they were viewing the same person or different people. Dyads achieved 72% accuracy, compared to 81% when participants completed the task individually by matching face pairs side‐by‐side. Performance on the face communication and perceptual matching tasks were uncorrelated, perhaps due to low measurement reliability of the face communication task. In subsequent studies, we examined the abilities of face ‘describers’ (Study 2) and ‘identifiers’ separately (Study 3). We found that ‘super‐recognizers’ – people with extremely high perceptual face identification abilities – outperformed controls in both studies. Overall, these results show that people can successfully describe faces for identification. Preliminary evidence suggests that this ability – and the ability use facial descriptions for identification – has some association with perceptual face identification skill.
Green exploration and exploitation: Capabilities, product advantage, and policy considerations
Authors: Xue Jie , Swan K. Scott
Published: November 2022

While sustainability has been identified as a critical driver of innovation, our understanding of green innovation activities interrelationship with capability antecedents and consequences of both green exploration and green exploitation remains unclear. A preliminary framework is developed to guide hypotheses and provide insights into green innovation and its connections with new product advantage from a Resource‐Advantage (R‐A) perspective. A sample of 197 traditional Chinese manufacturing enterprises conducting green innovation is an input into a structural equation model. The results indicate that green exploitation has direct positive effects on both innovative eco‐friendly products' customer satisfaction and differentiation, whereas green exploration only positively impacts product differentiation. Importantly, green exploitation fully mediates the connections between capability antecedents (i.e., technology capability and market capability) and new product advantage (i.e., customer satisfaction and differentiation). By contrast, green exploration only fully mediates capability antecedents on new product differentiation. Our findings shed new light on exploration and exploitation research that shapes green innovation activities. Further, it contributes greater clarity into how manufacturing enterprises translate their technology and market capabilities into new eco‐friendly product advantage. Moreover, the results suggest implications for manufacturers to become both “green and competitive” as well as offer policy‐makers insights into shaping programs to assist green innovation.
Identification of a novel ALDH1A3‐selective inhibitor by a chemical probe with unrelated bioactivity: An approach to affinity‐based drug target discovery
Authors: Kamiyama Hiroshi , Miyano Masayuki , Ito Daisuke , Kimura Takayuki , Hagiwara Koji , Kogai Hiroyuki , Kaburagi Yosuke , Kotake Yoshihiko , Takase Yasutaka
Published: November 2022

The identification of biologically active target compounds and their binding proteins is important in mechanism‐of‐action studies for drug development. Additionally, the newly discovered binding proteins provide unforeseen ideas for novel drug discovery and for subsequent structural transformation to improve target specificity. Based on the lead and final candidate compounds related to the type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) inhibitor E4021, we designed chemical probes and identified their target proteins by the affinity chromatography approach. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3 (ALDH1A3), currently reported as a cancer stem cell target, was clearly isolated as a binding protein of the lead ‘immature’ inhibitor probe against PDE5. In the early derivatization to the closely related structure, Compound 5 (ER‐001135935) was found to significantly inhibit ALDH1A3 activity. The discovery process of a novel ALDH1A3‐selective inhibitor with affinity‐based binder identification is described, and the impact of this identification method on novel drug discovery is discussed.
Child care and family processes: Bi‐directional relations between child care quality, home environments, and maternal depression
Authors: Hart Emma R. , Vandell Deborah Lowe , Whitaker Anamarie A. , Watts Tyler W.
Published: November 2022

The current study examined whether within‐family changes in child care quality and quantity predicted subsequent changes in home environment quality and maternal depression across early childhood (6 to 54 months of age). Data were drawn from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (n = 1239; 77% White; 48% female; data collection from 1991 to 1996), and were analyzed using Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Models. Within‐family increases in child care quality predicted modest increases in home environment quality (β = .13–.17). These effects were most robust from child age 6 to 15 months. Increases in child care quality produced small, statistically non‐significant, reductions in depression. Time‐specific increases in child care quantity were not consistently predictive of either outcome.
Rethinking disaster utopia: the limits of conspicuous resilience for community‐based recovery and adaptation
Authors: Gray Summer
Published: November 2022

While some communities appear to blossom in the wake of a disaster, others are left to struggle in the ashes. This paper introduces the concept of ‘conspicuous resilience’ to understand how emergent community‐based recovery efforts privilege some needs while marginalising others, contributing to uneven forms of recovery. Drawing on a qualitative case study of the deadly Montecito debris flow in Southern California, United States, in January 2018, an in‐depth examination of emergent community‐based resilience efforts is gauged next to the social construction of unmet needs. Conspicuous acts of resilience centred around gaps in social and financial support as well as desires for protection from future debris flows. In defining and addressing needs, community‐based interventions mirrored existing social inequalities and uneven relationships of power, promoting a false sense of equality and security while reinforcing private interests. To address the limits of conspicuous resilience, a justice‐oriented politics of disaster recovery is needed.
High‐dose oral glutamine supplementation reduces elevated glutamate levels in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke‐like episodes syndrome
Authors: Guerrero‐Molina María Paz , Morales‐Conejo Montserrat , Delmiro Aitor , Morán María , Domínguez‐González Cristina , Arranz‐Canales Elena , Ramos‐González Ana , Arenas Joaquín , Martín Miguel A. , de la Aleja Jesús González
Published: November 2022

Background and Purpose

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations. There are no disease‐modifying therapies, and treatment remains mainly supportive. It has been shown previously that patients with MELAS syndrome have significantly increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamate and significantly decreased CSF glutamine levels compared to controls. Glutamine has many metabolic fates in neurons and astrocytes, and the glutamate–glutamine cycle couples with many metabolic pathways depending on cellular requirements. The aim was to compare CSF glutamate and glutamine levels before and after dietary glutamine supplementation. It is postulated that high‐dose oral glutamine supplementation could reduce the increase in glutamate levels.

Method

This open‐label, single‐cohort study determined the safety and changes in glutamate and glutamine levels in CSF after 12 weeks of oral glutamine supplementation.

Results

Nine adult patients with MELAS syndrome (66.7% females, mean age 35.8 ± 3.2 years) were included. After glutamine supplementation, CSF glutamate levels were significantly reduced (9.77 ± 1.21 vs. 18.48 ± 1.34 μmol/l, p < 0.001) and CSF glutamine levels were significantly increased (433.66 ± 15.31 vs. 336.31 ± 12.92 μmol/l, p = 0.002). A side effect observed in four of nine patients was a mild sensation of satiety. One patient developed mild and transient elevation of transaminases, and another patient was admitted for an epileptic status without stroke‐like episode.

Discussion

This study demonstrates that high‐dose oral glutamine supplementation significantly reduces CSF glutamate and increases CSF glutamine levels in patients with MELAS syndrome. These findings may have potential therapeutic implications in these patients.

Trial Registration Information

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04948138. Initial release 24 June 2021, first patient enrolled 1 July 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04948138.
ERH: a plug‐and‐play protein important for gene silencing and cell cycle progression
Authors: Graille Marc
Published: November 2022

In metazoans, most proteins have pleiotropic cellular functions and have the ability to interact with several factors to accomplish these different functions. This is the case of eukaryotic ERH proteins, a family of homodimeric proteins involved in DNA replication and cell cycle control as well as in gene silencing by contributing either to the biogenesis of small interference RNAs (miRNAs, piRNAs) or to the recruitment of RNA decay machineries. Very recently, several crystal structures describing complexes formed by eukaryotic ERH proteins and several small peptides from various partners have highlighted the existence of different binding sites on the surface of ERH proteins. In this issue of The FEBS Journal, Wang et al. present the crystal structure of the complex formed between the human ERH protein and a short peptide of the CIZ1 protein, one of its partners. Altogether, this information will be particularly important for future studies aimed at dissecting the different biological functions governed by this family of highly conserved proteins.

Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16611
Finding and evaluating randomised controlled trials in nursing conducted by Spanish research teams: A scoping review
Authors: Medina‐Aedo Melixa , Torralba‐Martinez Elena , Segura‐Carrillo Cristian , Buitrago‐García Diana , Solà Ivan , Pardo‐Hernández Héctor , Bonfill Xavier
Published: November 2022

Background/objectives

To identify and assess the main characteristics and the potential risk of bias of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in nursing conducted by Spanish research teams.

Methods

Scoping review of an electronic search in three major databases (date of search: October 2021). For the eligible studies, both descriptive data, and data to assess the potential risk of bias, were collected and analysed.

Results

Of 3391 references retrieved, 199 were eligible. These RCTs were published in 122 journals, most of them in English (101, 82.1%) and were included in the Journal Citation Report (JCR) (107, 87.7%). Moreover, 32 (26.2%) of those included in the JCR were classified under nursing. Two thirds (81, 66.4%) of the journals followed the CONSORT guidelines. A total of 65 RCTs (33.7%) had a high overall risk of bias.

Discussion

Most of the identified RCTs were published in journals not specific to nursing and in English language. Also, shortcomings in RCT design and reporting were observed despite recommendations to adhere the CONSORT guidelines.

Conclusion

Comprehensive identification of RCTs in nursing may require searching in journals other than nursing‐related. RCTs from Spanish research teams are more likely to be published in international journals published in English. CONSORT should be strongly advised to encourage proper design and reporting of RCTs.
On the anion and cation positions within and nearby R(101¯2)$R(10\overline{1}2)$, Σ(202¯4)$\mathrm{\Sigma}(20\overline{2}4)$, and Π(101¯4)$\mathrm{\Pi}(10\overline{1}4)$ planes of α‐Al2O3 corundum structure
Authors: Lubarda Vlado A. , Lubarda Marko V.
Published: November 2022

The positions of aluminum cations and oxygen anions within and nearby the , , , and planes of α‐Al2O3 corundum structure are determined and compared with the corresponding ion positions within and nearby their conjugate‐adjacent planes , , , and planes. The plane contains neither aluminum nor oxygen ions, while the planes , , and contain only oxygen anions, whose planar densities are and . The planes , , and contain only aluminum cations with planar densities and . The plane contains both aluminum and oxygen ions, whose planar densities are and . The nearest ions to the , , , and planes are at a normal distance of 0.58 Å from these planes, which is one‐half of the normal distance between the adjacent R and , or r and planes. The ions nearest to the and planes are also at a normal distance of 0.58 Å from these planes. The nearest ions to the and planes are 0.85 Å from these planes, which is one‐half the interplanar spacing between the adjacent Π or π planes. The obtained results are of interest for the evaluation of ionic bonding and surface energies, epitaxial film growth over differently oriented sapphire substrates, and for the analysis of plastic deformation and cleavage fracture of sapphire crystals under different loading and temperature conditions.
Impact of coexisting diabetes on survival and risk of developing second primary cancer in diabetes patients receiving drug therapy: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with cancer in Japan
Authors: Kuwabara Yoshihiro , Morishima Toshitaka , Odani Satomi , Kudo Haruka , Ma Chaochen , Kato Mizuki , Koyama Shihoko , Saito Mari Kajiwara , Nakata Kayo , Tabuchi Takahiro , Miyashiro Isao
Published: November 2022

Aims/Introduction

We investigated the association between coexisting diabetes at the time of cancer diagnosis, and the overall survival and incidence of second primary cancer in patients with cancer and receiving drug therapy for diabetes.

Materials and Methods

We used cancer registry and administrative data of patients diagnosed with cancer at designated cancer care hospitals in Osaka Prefecture between 2010 and 2015. The presence of diabetes was identified from the prescription records of antidiabetic drugs in Diagnosis Procedure Combination System data. After adjusting for patient characteristics, we compared overall survival between patients with cancer with coexisting diabetes and those without coexisting diabetes using the Cox proportional hazards model. In addition, the impact of coexisting diabetes on the risk of developing second primary cancer was evaluated using a competing risk analysis.

Results

Of the 131,701 patients with cancer included in the analysis, 6,135 (4.7%) had coexisting diabetes. The 5‐year survival rates for patients with and without coexisting diabetes were 56.2% (95% confidence interval 54.8–57.6) and 72.7% (95% confidence interval 72.4–73.0), respectively. Coexisting diabetes was associated with a higher risk of developing second primary cancer (subdistribution hazard ratio 1.23; 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.41). In site‐specific analysis, coexisting diabetes was associated with an increased risk for the development of second primary cancer of multiple myeloma, and cancer of the uterus, pancreas and liver.

Conclusions

Coexisting diabetes was associated with a higher mortality and risk of developing second primary cancer in Japanese patients with cancer and on drug therapy for diabetes.
Efficacy of chlorine, sodium chloride and trichlorfon baths against monogenean Dawestrema cycloancistrium parasite of pirarucu Arapaima gigas
Authors: de Araújo Pollyana Alves , Maciel‐Honda Patricia Oliveira , de Oliveira Costa‐Fernandes Thaís , dos Santos Gracienhe Gomes , Martins Maurício Laterça
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the efficacy of sodium chloride (SC) and trichlorfon (T) against Dawestrema cycloancistrium and its physiological effects on Arapaima gigas. The efficacy of chlorine (C) as a prophylactic disinfectant was also evaluated. In vitro test with 15 treatments were: SC 4, 8, 10, 12, 14 g/L, T0.1, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 mg/L, and C500, 1000, 3000, 6000 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to evaluate parasite damage. The in vivo test was as follows: control, 4 h short baths, once a day, for four consecutive days (SC12 g/L, T5 mg/L); 24 h long baths, for 2 days in 24 h intervals (SC10 g/L, T5 mg/L). In vitro exposure to SC12 and 14 g/L caused 100% mortality of monogeneans at 45 and 60 min, while at T3.2 and 1.6 mg/L 100% of monogeneans died at 30 and 60 min, respectively. In vitro exposure to C resulted in complete mortality after 2–5 min exposure. The SC and T LD50–96 h were 9.9 g/L and 9.73 mg/L, respectively. All in vivo treatments presented efficacy above or close to 90%, with low survival in the long baths. C, starting at 500 mg/L for 5 min, can be used as a disinfectant. Short baths with SC12 g/L and T5 mg/L are recommended for D. cycloancistrium infestations in Arapaima.
Low‐grade duodenal eosinophilia is associated with cagA in Helicobacter pylori‐related dyspepsia
Authors: Barreyro Fernando Javier , Sanchez Nicolas , Caronia Maria Virginia , Elizondo Karina , Jordá Graciela , Schneider Adolfo , Zapata Pedro Dario
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a multifactorial disorder. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐related dyspepsia (HpD) may be considered a separate entity. Duodenal eosinophilia is a potential pathogenic mechanism in FD. However, the impact of duodenal eosinophilia and H. pylori virulence genes in HpD was not explored. We aim to evaluate the association of H. pylori virulence genes and low‐grade duodenal eosinophilia in HpD.

Methods

A multi‐center cross‐sectional study was conducted. A total of 301 patients who meet Rome‐III criteria were selected before upper endoscopy, and 95 patients were included after normal endoscopy and positive H. pylori in gastric biopsies were assessed. Clinical parameters, H. pylori virulence genes (cagA, oipA, and vacA) and duodenal histology were evaluated.

Results

Sixty‐nine (72%) patients had epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), 17 (18%) post‐prandial distress syndrome (PDS) and 9 (10%) EPS/PDS overlap. FD syndromes were not associated with cagA or oipA strains. A significantly trend of vacA s1/m1 (78%) and s1/m2 (80%) positive strains in EPS was observed. Histological duodenal grading of chronic inflammation, low‐grade duodenal eosinophilia and intra‐epithelial lymphocytes showed no difference in oipA and vacA strains. Low‐grade duodenal eosinophilia was significant in cagA positive strain, and the OR for low‐grade duodenal eosinophilia with H. pylori cagA positive strain was 4.2 (95% CI, 1.78–9.93). Adjusting for age, gender, smoking, diabetes, alcohol, PPI, and NSAID, the OR was 5.44 (1.989–14.902).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that low‐grade duodenal eosinophilia is significantly associated with cagA strain in HpD.
Marketing's contribution to consumer welfare: A research agenda
Authors: Stewart David W.
Published: November 2022

The marketing discipline emerged in the early 20th century in response to the needs for new institutions and processes for delivering goods and services to an increasingly urbanized and diverse market. Evidence suggests that the value delivery system(s) that have emerged have substantially improved consumer welfare. This history and success of the marketing discipline is frequently overlooked in discussions of markets and marketing. This paper suggests the need to place discussion of the role of marketing and its contributions to social welfare in an appropriate historical context. It also draws attention to the need for research on the complementary roles of markets and governments and the contributions, and diminutions, of each to consumer welfare. Finally, the paper suggests that marketing's unique contribution to improving consumer welfare and the quality of life resides in its unique perspective on value delivery systems.
Healthcare aide involvement in team decision‐making in long‐term care: A narrative review of the literature
Authors: Cranley Lisa A. , Yeung Lily , Tu Wendy , McGillis Hall Linda
Published: November 2022

Aims and Objectives

To provide an overview and synthesis of the current evidence on healthcare aides' involvement in team decision‐making in long‐term care.

Background

Healthcare aides provide the most direct care to residents in long‐term care homes and are uniquely positioned to influence the quality of care. Yet, they are not typically included in team decisions for improving resident care. As demand for long‐term care increases, it is essential that we have a comprehensive understanding of ways to support healthcare aides' role on the interprofessional team for decision‐making about resident care.

Design

Narrative review.

Method

Five electronic databases were searched for articles published in English between 2008 and 2020. Thematic analysis was conducted to synthesise findings using an organising framework. Reporting followed the PRISMA‐ScR.

Results

Twelve studies were included. Results indicate that work environment factors that influenced (supported or hindered) healthcare aides' involvement in decision‐making included information access/availability, hierarchical staffing structures and supervisor support/shared governance. Relational processes that influenced team decision‐making included team communication and collaboration, information sharing and exchange, and the quality of work relationships among team members. Strategies are discussed that could address the identified barriers and support healthcare aides' active involvement in team decisions regarding resident care.

Conclusions

This review highlights the pervasive underutilization of healthcare aides, who have the most knowledge of residents to support person‐centred care. There remains a paucity of research on healthcare aides' involvement in team decision‐making. Research is needed to examine the effectiveness of interventions to support healthcare aides' participation in decision‐making and the impact on staff and resident outcomes.

Relevance to Clinical Practice: It is crucial that healthcare aides are afforded opportunities to be part of the interprofessional team for information sharing and decision‐making for resident care. Managers play a key role in supporting healthcare aides' inclusion in decision‐making.
A nationwide survey of the use of the laparoscopic power morcellator
Authors: Hiraike Osamu , Koga Kaori , Taniguchi Fuminori , Harada Tasuku , Takeshita Toshiyuki , Shiota Mitsuru , Osuga Yutaka ,   Laparoscopic power morcellator Research Committee in Japan Society of Gynecologic and Obstetric Endoscopy and Minimally Invasive Therapy (JSGOE)
Published: November 2022

Aim

Laparoscopic power morcellator (LPM) can be used for tissue retrieval through laparoscopic port site, but the dissemination of uterine and/or myoma tissues is a serious complication. To study the use of LPM for uterine fibroid treatment in Japan, we aimed to perform two national cross‐sectional surveys comprising multiple questionnaires.

Methods

The first survey (2011–2013) was conducted in November 2014, and 203 medical institutions responded. The second survey (2017–2019) was conducted in December 2020, and 302 medical institutions were investigated.

Results

Overall, 72 104 and 120 425 surgeries and 0.04% and 0.05% cases of postoperative malignancy diagnosis were reported in the first and second surveys, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in >90% of the cases in the first and second surveys as preoperative examinations. The frequency of LPM at hysterectomy was 8.9% and 4.6% and the frequency of LPM at laparoscopic myomectomy was 80.4% and 54.8% in the first and second surveys, respectively; both the parameters decreased in the second survey.

Conclusions

It is impossible to completely exclude malignant diseases even if extensive preoperative diagnosis has been done before surgery. Therefore, the use of LPM in patients requires careful attention and informed consent in Japan.
Uprighting a mesially tilted molar using customized titanium healing abutment of an adjacent osseointegrated implant
Authors: Yehya Mohammed , Alshawy Ebrahim , Alenezi Ali
Published: November 2022

This case report evaluates the use of a customized healing abutment of a dental implant to upright a mesially tilted molar using elastic separating rings. The external surface of the healing abutment was roughened by air particle abrasion, and a flowable composite was applied as a collar around it. The size of the resin collar was increased several times during the molar uprighting treatment by replacing the elastic ring. The uprighting procedure was evaluated after 2 months using radiographic and clinical evaluations. After treatment, the mesiodistal space above the implant was increased from 6 mm to 9 mm as follows: 2 mm by uprighting the second molar and 1 mm by mesial shifting the second premolar, and then a screw‐retained zirconia crown was placed to restore the implant. The healing abutment of the implant can be modified by adding a resin collar and used as orthodontic anchorage for uprighting the adjacent tilted molar to facilitate the prosthetic procedure. Neither special instruments nor an orthodontic background are required for this minor tooth movement.
Managing New Technology When Effective Control is Lost: Facing Hard Choices With CRISPR
Authors: Zimbelman Joel Andrew
Published: November 2022

This paper seeks to expand our appreciation of the gene editing tool, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR‐Cas9), its function, its benefits and risks, and the challenges of regulating its use. I frame CRISPR's emergence and its current use in the context of 150 years of formal exploration of heredity and genetics. I describe CRISPR's structure and explain how it functions as a useful engineering tool. The contemporary international and domestic regulatory environment governing human genetic interventions is reviewed and shown to be increasingly ineffective in its ability to restrain, guide, and optimize the emerging use of CRISPR. Several reasons for this lack of consensus are discussed. In conclusion, I suggest a number of public policy recommendations that might allow us to simultaneously embrace our most important moral values and manage the inevitable power CRISPR will come to have in our lives.
Nightmare distress is related to traumatic childhood experiences, critical life events and emotional appraisal of a dream rather than to its content
Authors: Mathes Jonas , Schuffelen Jennifer , Gieselmann Annika , Pietrowsky Reinhard
Published: November 2022

Nightmares are a substantial burden for sleep quality. Previous studies have shown that traumatic experiences can increase the probability of nightmares, and also waking‐life distress can enhance this effect. There is evidence that the intensity of negative dream emotions is more responsible for rating a dream as a nightmare than threatening dream contents. However, there is still a lack of research concerning effects on nightmare distress. We hypothesise that traumatic childhood experiences (such as emotional abuse, obtained by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), critical life events (obtained by the Social Readjustment Rating Scale) and threatening dream contents are associated with nightmare distress. A sample of N = 103 participants kept a dream diary over 28 consecutive days. About 60% of the sample were frequent nightmare dreamers. The participants recorded their violent dream contents and dream emotions in their diary. To predict nightmare distress, regression models were constructed; nightmare distress was measured with the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire. Results showed that emotional abuse in childhood and critical life events predicted nightmare distress. Moreover, violent dream contents were associated with nightmare distress but, after we controlled for nightmare frequency and the intensity of negative dream emotions, the significant impact of violent dream contents decreased. The results suggest that the emotional appraisal of a dream has a substantial influence on nightmares in addition to traumatic childhood experiences and critical life events.
Comparative transcriptomic reveals the molecular mechanism of maize hybrid Zhengdan538 in response to water deficit
Authors: Zhang Fengqi , Ding Yong , Zhang Jun , Tang Minqiang , Cao Yanyong , Zhang Lanxun , Ma Zhiyan , Qi Jianshuang , Mu Xinyuan , Xia Laikun , Tang Baojun
Published: November 2022

Heterosis, known as one of the most successful strategies for increasing grain yield and abiotic/biotic stress tolerance, has been widely exploited in maize breeding. However, the underlying molecular processes are still to be elucidated. The maize hybrid “Zhengdan538” shows high tolerance to drought stress. The transcriptomes of the seedling leaves of its parents, “ZhengA88” and “ZhengT22” and their reciprocal F1 hybrid under well‐watered and water deficit conditions, were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq). Transcriptome profiling of the reciprocal hybrid revealed 2994–4692 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under well‐watered and water‐deficit conditions, which were identified by comparing with their parents. The reciprocal hybrid was more closely related to the parental line “ZhengT22” than to the parental line “ZhengA88” in terms of gene expression patterns under water‐deficit condition. Furthermore, genes showed expression level dominance (ELD), especially the high‐parental ELD (Class 3 and 5), accounted for the largest proportion of DEGs between the reciprocal F1 hybrid and their parental lines under water deficit. These ELD genes mainly participated in photosynthesis, energy biosynthesis, and metabolism processes. The results indicated that ELD genes played important roles in hybrid tolerance to water deficit. Moreover, a set of important drought‐responsive transcription factors were found to be encoded by the identified ELD genes and are thought to function in improving drought tolerance in maize hybrid plants. Our results provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of drought tolerance in hybrid maize.
Diseases of the giant river prawnMacrobrachium rosenbergii: A review for a growing industry
Authors: Hooper Chantelle , Debnath Partho P. , Stentiford Grant D. , Bateman Kelly S. , Salin Krishna R. , Bass David
Published: November 2022

The giant river prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is a major focus of aquaculture in tropical and sub‐tropical regions around the globe. Over the last 30 years, culture ofM.rosenbergiihas increased exponentially as demand has risen both for domestic consumption and for international export trade. As with many aquaculture species increases in production have been accompanied by the emergence of diseases affecting yield, profit and trading potential. Disease‐causing agents include pathogens infecting other crustaceans, such asDecapod Iridescent Virus(DIV1), as well as pathogens only known fromM.rosenbergiisuch as White Tail Disease caused by Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV). Here, we review the pathogenic agents associated with the culture ofM.rosenbergiisince commercial culture began in earnest during the 1970s. Particular emphasis is given to pathogens first identified in other aquaculture host species, but which have subsequently been shown to infect and cause disease inM.rosenbergii. As polyculture ofM.rosenbergiiwith other aquaculture species is common practice, including culture with other decapods, crabs and fish, increased pathogen transfer among these farmed species may occur asM.rosenbergiiaquaculture increases in the future.
Genomic resources and their applications in aquaculture of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Yue Gen Hua , Wang Le , Yang Zituo , Sun Fei , Tay Yi Xuan , Wong Joey , Yeo Shadame
Published: November 2022

Genomic resources, including nuclear DNA markers, mitochondrial DNA markers, high‐resolution linkage maps, transcriptomes, reference genome sequences and their annotations, are critically important in aquaculture. Their potential applications are plenty, such as enabling the analysis of genetic diversity in population structures, mating and spawning behaviour; genetic traceability; reconstructing pedigrees; mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for important phenotypic traits; marker‐assisted selection and genomic selection; and to understand genetic and epigenetic regulation of traits. Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is becoming a popular aquaculture species. In the past 30 years, many genomic resources have been developed and used to understand the genetic diversity of wild and cultured populations, setting up mating schemes, genetic traceability, mapping QTL and genome‐wide association studies for growth, omega‐3 fatty acid content, resistance to diseases and genetic improvement of important traits in breeding programmes. In this review, we systematically synthesize the status of available genomic resources and their applications in enhancing the genetic improvement and aquaculture production of Asian seabass. We also critically discuss the challenges and future research directions of developing, optimizing and applying genomic resources in Asian seabass aquaculture.
Enhancement of Liquid Sodium (Na) Forced Convection Within Miniature Heat Sinks
Authors: Pourghasemi Mahyar , Fathi Nima
Published: November 2022

This investigation is devoted to evaluating the thermal hydraulics behavior of sodium-based (Na) miniature heat sinks. The investigated geometrical parameters cover a range of 0.143–1 for heat sink aspect ratios, 0.267–21.7 mm for hydraulic diameters, and 600–20,000 for the Reynolds number. As the first objective in this work, two correlations are developed and proposed for Na friction factors and average Nusselt numbers in steel (SS-316) miniature heat sinks with a hydraulic diameter of less than 5 mm. Obtained correlations for Nusselt numbers and friction factors estimate the numerical results with a margin of error of 5% and 10%, respectively. The developed correlation for the average Nusselt number in Na-cooled miniature heat sinks is compared against available and reported correlations in the literature for macroscale liquid metal-cooled pipes and channels. It is revealed that the available correlations in the literature tend to significantly overestimate the Nusselt number in rectangular miniature heat sinks with a hydraulic diameter of less than 5 mm. As the second objective in this work, the developed and verified numerical model is utilized to evaluate the thermal efficiency of Na-cooled copper-based miniature heat sinks with an innovative design that includes a corrosion-resistant coating (cladding layer). The thickness of the corrosion-resistant coating varies from 0.25 mm to 4.5 mm with a thermal conductivity range of 4–17 (W/m K). The cladded heat sink aspect ratio and its hydraulic diameter vary between 0.29–1 and 2500–10,000, respectively. Two different trends are observed for the thermal efficiency of the protective cladding layer in terms of its thermal conductivity. In this class of small-scale heat sinks with the employed aspect of 0.29, a considerable thermal efficiency enhancement of the corrosion-resistant coating is obtained by increasing its thermal conductivity. However, in cladded miniature heat sinks with aspect ratios of 0.635 and 1, the thermal efficiency of the cladding layer tends to decrease as its thermal conductivity increases. A maximum of 30% enhancement in the thermal efficiency of the investigated cladded copper-based miniature heat sinks is observed compared to identical miniature heat sinks made totally out of the cladding layer material. The obtained results reveal that the copper-based cladded miniature heat sink of aspect ratio 1 provides the highest thermal efficiency among all the three investigated cladded heat sinks.
Dynamic Stability of Passive Dynamic Walking Following Unexpected Perturbations
Authors: Barnett Nelson V. , Lammert Adam C.
Published: November 2022

Mitigating the risk of falling is an area of significant interest among clinicians due to the often profound health-related consequences of falls. Consequently, there is acute interest in characterizing the biomechanical conditions associated with increased fall risk, and in methods for quantifying gait stability under those conditions toward predicting and ultimately preventing falls. Considerable insights into the biomechanics of fall risk have been provided by examining the passive dynamic walking (PDW) model under nominal and perturbed conditions. This work aims to expand upon prior efforts and develop the PDW model as a model of tripping and slipping by simulating and analyzing the behavior of the model during transient perturbations. We show that fall risk increases with increasing perturbation magnitude, yet stable walking may be found even with fairly large perturbations. In cases where transient perturbations result in a fall, a nontrivial portion exhibit a substantial period of stumbling before the fall, indicating an opportunity for developing early fall-risk detection and intervention techniques. In such cases, we show that widely used kinematic metrics are able to predict whether or not a fall will occur with up to 82% balanced accuracy, even when a variety of gait kinematics are considered.
Influence of the Geometric Parameters on the Fiber Stresses in Unidirectional Composites Subject to Transverse Loading
Authors: Krishna Challa Geetha , Vora Yash Anup , Manoj Ishan , Patle Tushar Moreshwar , Jain Atul
Published: November 2022

When a unidirectional (UD) composite is subjected to transverse loading, different fibers are not stressed equally. In this paper, realizations of virtual random representative volume element (RVE) and experimental SEM images are translated into finite element models and the average stresses in each fiber are determined. The average stress in individual fibers is correlated with various geometric parameters like nearest neighbor distance, the angle(s) between the nearest neighbor and local fiber volume fraction. A very loose correlation with significant outliers is observed. For the matrix, the region with the highest fiber content does not necessarily lead to the highest matrix stress. The fibers with highest average stresses and the regions with highest matrix stresses are difficult to determine and cannot be simply correlated with geometric parameters.
Effect of Temperature on Simulated Flow-Induced Vibration Wear Behavior of Inconel 690 Alloy Mated With 304 SS in Pressurized Steam/Water Environment
Authors: Zhang Shengzan , Tian Ce , Liu Liyan , Tan Wei
Published: November 2022

Steam generator tube, which is commonly made of Inconel 690 alloy, is suffered from flow-induced vibration and worked under high-temperature and high-pressure water/steam environment. This working condition leads to significant synergistic damage of fretting wear and corrosion. Thus, to investigate the synergistic damage mechanism, a flow-induced vibration wear simulated method was used to investigate the flow-induced vibration wear behavior of 690 alloy tube against 304 SS plate at 100 °C, 200 °C, and 285 °C in steam/water environment. Results show that the fretting wear damage decreased with temperature in water environment. But for the steam environment, fretting wear damage decreased to a minimum value at 200 °C and then increased to a maximum value at 285 °C. The synergistic damage mechanism between wear and corrosion was analyzed. Wear can damage the material surface and promote oxidation. On the other hand, the oxide layer formed on the surface can protect the surface from wear or promote wear damage, which depends on its characteristics influenced by the environment.