bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Place Matter? Burial Decisions of Muslims in Canada
Authors: Akkaymak Guliz , Belkhodja Chedly
Published: September 2020

This paper is concerned with the complex relationship between immigration, religion, burial decisions, and a sense of belonging. Drawing upon a case study of Muslims in London, Ontario, Canada, we examine Islamic funeral and burial services available in the city and the preferred burial locations of its Muslim communities. Our interviews with different immigrant generations of Muslims show that participants, regardless of their immigrant generation, prefer London as a location of burial for themselves and their loved ones. We argue that four major factors at the structural and individual level shape the preference of study participants with respect to the location of burial: access to an Islamic cemetery and Islamic funeral services; an established Muslim population in the city; relation to and interpretation of religious requirements; and a sense of belonging to Canada. We discuss the findings in relation to multiculturalism and recognition of cultural and religious differences.
À la vue d’une soucca. Partage de l’espace et controverses dans le quartier d’Outremont à Montréal
Authors: Gaddi Valentina
Published: September 2020

Basé sur une enquête ethnographique, cet article vise à mettre en lumière le déroulement de la conversation publique autour du changement de règlement de zonage sur les souccot à Outremont, avec une attention particulière à la matrice spatiale de la controverse. Ces constructions incarnent en fait pour les uns la spatialisation d’une pratique religieuse, tandis que pour d’autres, outre un risque sécuritaire, elles représentent une menace au patrimoine architectural du quartier et à sa beauté. Cette matrice se décline cependant de façon différente selon que les résidents du quartier – hassidim et non hassidim – s’expriment au micro du conseil d’arrondissement ou dans des conversations en aparté. La dissonance entre ces deux discours nous amènera à des considérations sur la cristallisation de cette discussion publique sur des questions spatiales et juridiques et sur l’évitement de la religion et des enjeux de la cohabitation, à Outremont et au Québec.
What Have I Learned from Marx and What Still Stands?
Authors: Przeworski Adam
Published: September 2020

Should one read Marx today? Which of his theories survive the test of time and which should be abandoned? This article reviews four of Marx’s themes: the quest for material abundance, the compatibility of capitalism and democracy, the role of the state, and the theory of the dynamics of capitalism.
A Retrospective Analysis of Blood Lead Levels in Newly Arrived Immigrant Children, Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2013-2016
Authors: Gwynn Lisa , Barash Ashley , Dave Devina J. , Koru-Sengul Tulay
Published: September 2020

Objective

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) recommendation for blood lead level (BLL) screening of refugee children is to test new arrivals aged 6 months to 16 years. No such recommendations exist for testing immigrant children. Our objective was to provide evidence in support of creating lower age-specific guidelines for BLL screening for newly arrived immigrant populations to reduce the burden of unnecessary BLL testing.

Methods

We conducted a 3-year (2013-2016) retrospective analysis of BLLs of 1349 newly arrived immigrant children, adolescents, and young adults aged 3-19 who visited the University of Miami Pediatric Mobile Clinic in Miami, Florida. We obtained capillary samples and confirmed values >5 μg/dL via venous sample. The primary outcome was BLL in μg/dL. The main predictor variable was age. We further adjusted regression models by poverty level, sex, and ethnicity.

Results

Of 15 patients with a BLL that warranted further workup and a lead level of concern, 9 were aged 3-5 and 6 were aged 6-11. None of the adolescent and young adult patients aged 12-19 had a lead level of concern. Nearly half of the patients (n = 658, 48.8%) lived in zip codes of middle to high levels of poverty.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence to support the creation of lower age-specific guidelines for BLL screening among newly arrived immigrant children and adolescents. Future studies should elucidate appropriate age ranges for BLL testing based on epidemiologic evidence, such as age and country of origin.
Experimental investigation of the tip leakage flow in a low-speed multistage axial compressor
Authors: Li Jun , Hu Jun , Zhang Chenkai
Published: September 2020

Casing pressure measurements and Stereoscopic Particle-Image Velocimetry (SPIV) measurements are used together to characterize the behavior of the rotor tip leakage flow at both the design and near-stall conditions in a low-speed multistage axial compressor. A three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver is also performed for the multistage compressor and the prediction of tip leakage flow is compared with SPIV data and casing dynamic static pressure data. During the experiment 10 high-frequency Kulite transducers are mounted in the outer casing of the rotor 3 to investigate the complex flow near the compressor casing and Fourier analyses of the dynamic static pressure on the casing of the rotor 3 are carried out to investigate the tip leakage flow characteristics. At the same time, the two CCD cameras are arranged at the same side of the laser light sheet, which is suitable for investigating unsteady tip leakage flow in the multistage axial compressor. The SPIV measurements identify that the tip leakage flow exists in the rotor passage. The influence of tip leakage flow leads to the existence of low axial velocity region in the rotor passage and the alternating regions of positive and negative radial velocity indicates the emergence of tip leakage vortex (TLV). The trajectory of the tip leakage vortex moves from the suction surface toward the pressure surface of adjacent blade, which is aligned close to the rotor at the design point (DP). However, the tip leakage vortex becomes unstable and breaks down at the near-stall point (NS), making the vortex trajectory move upstream in the rotor passage and causing a large blockage in the middle of the passage.
When local access matters: A detailed analysis of place, neighbourhood amenities and travel choice
Authors: Elldér Erik , Haugen Katarina , Vilhelmson Bertil
Published: September 2020

How cities can become more conducive to sustainable travel patterns is a pressing matter in urban research. In the built environment–travel literature, several features potentially promoting sustainable mobility remain under-researched. One concerns the precise role of local accessibility – in terms of the number, variety and specific types of amenities – in promoting the slow modes of walking and cycling and in reducing car use. Another is the possibility that the standard assumption of a linear relationship between density and (un)sustainable travel is flawed. To fill these gaps, we explore specific local amenity supply types that stimulate a large share of residents to walk or cycle, avoiding long drives, to accomplish their daily activities. In a case study of the Västra Götaland region in Sweden, we analyse a combination of high-quality micro data from registers and the national travel survey using a stepwise statistical approach. We find evidence of non-linear discontinuities and significant geographical variation in how local accessibility affects travel behaviour. While more neighbourhood amenities contribute to more walking/cycling, the effect of establishing additional amenities varies amongst neighbourhood types and travel variables. Local everyday services, for example, grocery stores and preschools, are critical in triggering change. The findings inform urban planning by showing how a basic supply of essential amenities could contribute to better prerequisites for walking or cycling and reduced car dependence by inducing residents to choose local options.
Event-triggered control of positive Markov jump systems without/with input saturation
Authors: Deng Xuanjin , Zhang Junfeng , Li Shuo , Fu Shizhou
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes an event-triggered control for positive Markov jump systems without/with input saturation. First, an event-triggering condition is established in the form of 1-norm for positive Markov jump systems. Under the event-triggering condition, the term related to error signal between the sample state and the actual state is transformed into a form of interval uncertainty. Then, the positivity and stability of the systems are discussed by using the lower and upper bounds of interval uncertain systems, respectively. An event-triggered control law for the underlying systems is proposed by decomposing controller gain matrix into non-positive and non-negative parts. For positive Markov jump systems with input saturation, a design approach to the controller gain matrices and the corresponding controller auxiliary gain is presented. All conditions are described in terms of linear programming. Furthermore, the obtained approaches are developed for the discrete-time case. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed design is verified via three examples.
Life Course Pathway to Later-Year Depressive Symptoms: Multiple Mediation of Socio-Economic Status and Coping Resources by Gender
Authors: Lee Hyunjoo , Park Sojung , Kwon Eunsun
Published: September 2020

Drawing on a life course and stress process perspective, this study examined the pathway from childhood SES to later year depressive symptoms, focusing on multiple life course SES and coping resources in old age. Data came from the 2006 and 2015 waves of the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS). We selected respondents aged 51–55 in 2006 who were followed up when they were between 60 to 64 years of age in 2015. We merged the middle aged data in 2006 with the 2015 data when the respondents were 60–64 years of age ( N = 687). Phantom modeling was used to examine a multiple mediation pathway and multi-group analyses were conducted to examine the gender differences in the pathway.

For older men, satisfaction with social/leisure activities was a significant coping resource, while, for older women, satisfaction with family relations was important.
‘We are “free range” prison officers’, the experiences of Scottish Prison Service throughcare support officers working in custody and the community
Authors: Maycock Matthew , McGuckin Kenny , Morrison Katrina
Published: September 2020

Between 2015 and 2019, 41 throughcare support officers (TSOs) supported people serving short sentences leaving custody across 11 Scottish Prison Service establishments. The role of prison officers in the provision of throughcare in the community was an innovation in Scotland and represents a new approach to the long-standing challenges around supporting reintegration from custody. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews with 20 TSOs, this article examines their reflections on their role, bringing attention for the first time to the front-line perspectives of those involved in this novel approach to throughcare. TSO’s reflections revealed their growing awareness of the ‘pains of desistance’ and the challenges around reintegration, insights which had not been apparent to them in their prior work as officers working only in prison. The community ‘place’ of the TSO work also enabled a renewed awareness of the limits of rehabilitation within a prison and their own institutionalization after years of working in the custodial environment.
“I’ll stop talking now”: Decreased interaction length in mixed-sex interpersonal interactions as response to objectification
Authors: Sáez Gemma , Riemer Abigail R. , Valor-Segura Inmaculada , Expósito Francisca
Published: September 2020

This experiment explored behavioral consequences of interpersonal objectification. In an actual interaction with an objectifying man, women (N = 91) perceived the interaction as less pleasant, reducing the amount of time they spent interacting with the male objectifier compared to a neutral interaction. Moreover, the effect of the objectifying behavior on women’s unpleasant perceptions of the interaction was mediated by the feeling of being treated as a sex object. This work demonstrates the consequences of an objectifying interaction at an interpersonal level.
Cerebral perfusion strategy in a challenge cerebral vessels debranching
Authors: Franzese Ilaria , Tabbì Rocco , Menon Tiziano , Petrilli Giuseppe , Faggian Giuseppe
Published: September 2020

We present a case of antegrade cerebral perfusion based on a circuit with a centrifugal pump for general open-heart surgery to achieving cerebral protection during a challenging hybrid aortic arch repair.
Making sense of violence and victimization in health care work: The emotional labour of ‘not taking it personally’
Authors: Funk Laura , Spencer Dale , Herron Rachel
Published: September 2020

Despite significant impacts on employee health, workplace violence tends to be minimized and normalized by service workers and by organizations, with employees implicitly held culpable for causing aggression through how they manage interactions. Little is known about how workers accomplish minimization and normalization, or how this process might be entwined with the emotional labour of containing difficult emotions. In this paper an emotional labour lens is joined with a social phenomenological approach to analyze in-depth interviews with 26 employees of one multi-unit health care facility in Western Canada. The purpose was to examine health care workers’ emotional and interpretive responses to aggression from patients and families. Through undertaking ‘deep acting’ and maintaining their moral identities, workers contained fear through minimizing and normalizing aggression and contained frustration through acknowledging mitigating circumstances. This involved constructing themselves as victims of misdirected emotions, and patients and families as victims of aging, caregiving, disability, dementia, and/or dying processes. Emotional labour supports organizational interests in ensuring smooth workflows and promoting patient satisfaction and well-being. It involves ambivalence and contradiction and can reproduce discourses detrimental both to workers and to resident care.
Rapid hematoma growth triggers spreading depolarizations in experimental intracortical hemorrhage
Authors: Fischer Paul , Sugimoto Kazutaka , Chung David Y , Tamim Isra , Morais Andreia , Takizawa Tsubasa , Qin Tao , Gomez Carlos A , Schlunk Frieder , Endres Matthias , Yaseen Mohammad A , Sakadzic Sava , Ayata Cenk
Published: September 2020

Recurrent waves of spreading depolarization (SD) occur in brain injury and are thought to affect outcomes. What triggers SD in intracerebral hemorrhage is poorly understood. We employed intrinsic optical signaling, laser speckle flowmetry, and electrocorticography to elucidate the mechanisms triggering SD in a collagenase model of intracortical hemorrhage in mice. Hematoma growth, SD occurrence, and cortical blood flow changes were tracked. During early hemorrhage (0–4 h), 17 out of 38 mice developed SDs, which always originated from the hematoma. No SD was detected at late time points (8–52 h). Neither hematoma size, nor peri-hematoma perfusion were associated with SD occurrence. Further, arguing against ischemia as a trigger factor, normobaric hyperoxia did not inhibit SD occurrence. Instead, SDs always occurred during periods of rapid hematoma growth, which was two-fold faster immediately preceding an SD compared with the peak growth rates in animals that did not develop any SDs. Induced hypertension accelerated hematoma growth and resulted in a four-fold increase in SD occurrence compared with normotensive animals. Altogether, our data suggest that spontaneous SDs in this intracortical hemorrhage model are triggered by the mechanical distortion of tissue by rapidly growing hematomas.
Comparison of LED-Embedded Pedestrian Crossing Signs with Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons and Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons
Authors: Rista Emira , Fitzpatrick Kay
Published: September 2020

To date, the effectiveness of light emitting diode (LED)-embedded pedestrian crossing signs is not understood, despite such signs being installed and used at pedestrian crossings. A recent study by Texas Department of Transportation focused on examining driver yield rates, a surrogate safety measure, for signs installed across the state. A total of 13 sites were sampled and field observations and video footage were recorded at each site for a total of 681 staged crossings. The driver yield rate ranged from 5% to 88%, with an average of 40%, indicating that other factors affect the effectiveness of the signs. Statistical modeling results supported this finding with the main contributors to driver yield rates being vehicle volume, measured at 1 min before the staged pedestrian crossing (converted to an hourly volume for the model), operational speed (85th percentile), deviation from 12-ft lane width, and presence of sidewalk. High hourly volume, speeds 45 mph and greater, lack of sidewalks, and 12-ft lanes (no deviation from baseline 12-ft lane width) were found to affect yield probability adversely. Based on the findings from this study, LED-embedded signs would be a suitable candidate treatment at sites with sidewalks, lower operating speeds and traffic volumes, and narrow lanes. Lastly, a comparison between driver yield rates for rectangular rapid flashing beacons, pedestrian hybrid beacons, and LED-embedded signs for various posted speed limits demonstrated that, of the three treatments, LED-embedded signs have the lowest driver yield rates, especially for higher posted speed limits.
Modeling Destination Choice Behavior of the Dockless Bike Sharing Service Users
Authors: Mehadil Orvin Muntahith , Rahman Fatmi Mahmudur
Published: September 2020

This study investigates trip-level destination choice behavior of users of the dockless bike sharing service (DBS). A random parameter latent segmentation-based logit (RPLSL) model is developed utilizing the DBS users’ trip itinerary data for Kelowna, Canada. The RPLSL model captures multi-dimensional heterogeneity such as inter-segment and intra-segment heterogeneity. The model is developed at a micro-spatial resolution which is defined as the bicycle analysis zone. One of the key features of this study is to test the interdependencies between the origin and destination of a trip using their built environment attributes. Model results suggest that segment 1 is more likely to include trips originating from the urban neighborhoods; whereas, segment 2 includes trips originating from the suburban neighborhoods. The parameter estimation results reveal that DBS trips are more likely to be destined to locations with longer length of cycle tracks, higher employment density, and that are closer to the Central Business District and bus stops (i.e., within 500 m). The model confirms multi-layer heterogeneity. For instance, trips originating from the urban areas in segment 1 are more likely to be destined to destinations within 500 m of the designated bike return sites (i.e., havens). In contrast, shorter trips originating in suburban areas in segment 2 show a negative relationship. Interestingly, a bike-friendly environment might increase the attractiveness of destinations closer to havens, even for the trips originating in suburban areas. The findings of this study will assist in developing policies and infrastructure investment decision making at the destination locations to promote DBS usage.
Making the Case for Equitable Growth: Comments on the 2020 David Gordon Memorial Lecture
Authors: Moos Katherine A.
Published: September 2020

In this piece, I comment on Heather Boushey’s David Gordon Memorial Lecture at the 2020 Allied Social Science Association meetings in San Diego. I identify the theory of change presented in Boushey’s lecture and discuss it in the context of contemporary economic thought. I argue that Boushey’s theory of change makes an important normative intervention in economics science. I evaluate Boushey’s theory of change from the perspective of philosophy of science as well as drawing on historical evidence.
Visibility as Justice: Immigrant Street Vendors and the Right to Difference in Rome
Authors: Piazzoni Francesca
Published: September 2020

Dominant constructions of what looks “appropriate” enable the exclusion of poor immigrants from public spaces around the world. This paper analyzes how Bangladeshi vendors challenge exclusion by tactically appearing and disappearing in Rome’s iconic landscapes. While xenophobic, pro-decorum regulations seek to banish marginalized subjects from the tourist-friendly city center, immigrant vendors mobilize their own visibility by emplacing urbanisms of opportunity, refuge, and belonging. Learning from these urbanisms, planners can deploy a spatial lens of visibility to advance the right to difference. I propose In Plain Site, a policy and place-making approach that helps empower oppressed groups to see and be seen in the city.
Central Venous Catheter Insertion in the Prone Position—A Last Resort in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Yang Michael X. , Ng Philip K.
Published: September 2020

Background:

In the setting of the COVID pandemic, many patients falling ill with acute respiratory distress syndrome eventually require prone positioning for gas exchange. Traditionally, central venous catheters are inserted with patient in the supine or Trendelenburg position. However, when a patient cannot tolerate supine position and the need for central venous access is urgent, catheter placement may be considered with the patient in the prone position.

Case Summary:

A 69-year-old male with rapidly declining respiratory status secondary to COVID pneumonia quickly developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, was rapidly intubated, and then placed in the prone position. Patient could not tolerate the supine position even briefly and required a central venous catheter insertion for continuous renal replacement therapy. We kept the patient in the prone position and successfully inserted a central venous catheter in such position with real-time ultrasound guidance and using micropuncture technique.

Conclusion:

In the setting of the COVID pandemic, many cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome require patients to be prone in order to improve gas exchange. In the most severe situations, these patients would not be able to tolerate rotating back to the supine position but would still require central venous catheter insertion urgently. We demonstrated feasibility of central venous catheter insertion in the prone position in these severely ill patients.
Interpersonal and Affective Facets and Items of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) in Predicting Child Sex Offending*An earlier version of this study was presented at 2019 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology.
Authors: Sohn Ji Seun , Reyes Napoleon C. , Kim Hyejin
Published: September 2020

Psychopathy of child sex offenders in non-Western and Asian population is not frequently reported. The study examined psychopathic traits assessed by the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) in three groups of male offenders, child sex offender, adult sex offender, and nonsex offender groups. Out of 451 offenders included in the sample, 445 recidivated after a follow up of 11 years: 27 child sex offenders, 174 adult sex offenders, and 244 nonsex offenders. Adult sex offenders scored higher in four facets and total scores compared with nonsex offenders. Child sex offenders had more problems in interpersonal (facet 1) and affective (facet 2) traits than nonsex offenders. More specifically, child sex offenders scored higher in failure to accept responsibility (item 16, Cohen’s d = 0.80) and callous/lack of empathy (item 8, Cohen’s d = 0.59) of facet 2 and pathological lying (item 4, Cohen’s d = 0.58) and glibness/superficial charm (item 1, Cohen’s d = 0.48) of facet 1 than nonsex offenders. Both child sex offenders and adults sex offenders were found to be more psychopathic than nonsex offenders. While facets 1, 2, and 3 did not separate child and adult sex offending, child sex offenders scored significantly lower in antisocial problems (facet 4) than adult sex offenders. Despite the limitation of using a sample of mostly high-risk offenders, our findings indicate that higher PCL-R scores in specific facets (1 and 2) and items (1, 4, 8, and 16) are more predictive of child sex offending and suggest insight for treatment strategies of child sex offenders.
A Systematic Review of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia and Caregivers
Authors: Shim Minjung , Tilley Jacqueline L. , Im Sungjin , Price Kevin , Gonzalez Adam
Published: September 2020

The aim of this article was to systematically review the quality and efficacy of the current evidence for mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), patients with dementia (PwD), and their caregivers. We identified 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (11 for patients, 9 for caregivers) published in the last 15 years. Evidence suggested that MBIs are highly acceptable and credible treatments for patients with MCI, PwD and caregivers. Specifically, for PwD, the results indicated that the magnitude of post-treatment effects of MBIs are in the medium to large range for psychosocial outcomes, and in the small to medium range for cognitive functioning; however, treatment effects on dementia biomarkers were mixed, ranging from small to large, depending on the outcome measure. Findings also evidenced salutary effects of MBIs for caregivers of PwD, with post-treatment effects ranging from medium to large for caregiver stress and burden and large effects for quality of life, and mixed outcomes for cognitive functioning, with effects in the small to large range. However, confidence in these findings is relatively limited due to methodological limitations, especially in terms of poor consistency in intervention strategies, outcome measures, and other key criteria across studies. To better assess the value of MBIs for these populations and optimize treatment outcomes, we recommend further research with improved study methodology (e.g., multi-method assessment, universal criterion and outcome measures, use of active control groups, larger sample sizes, long-term follow-up) to replicate current findings and enhance our understanding of underlying treatment mechanisms of MBIs.
Expert communication on Twitter: Comparing economists’ and scientists’ social networks, topics and communicative styles
Authors: Della Giusta Marina , Jaworska Sylvia , Vukadinović Greetham Danica
Published: September 2020

Experts increasingly use social media to communicate with the wider public, prompted by the need to demonstrate impact and public engagement. While previous research on the use of social media by experts focused on single topics and performed sentiment analysis, we propose to extend the scope by investigating experts’ networks, topics and communicative styles. We perform social and semantic network as well language analysis of top tweeting scientists and economists. We find that economists tweet less, mention fewer people and have fewer Twitter conversations with members of the public than scientists. Scientists use a more informal and involved style and engage wider audiences through multimedia contents, while economists use more jargon, and tend to favour traditional written media. The results point to differences in experts’ communicative practices online, and we propose that disciplinary ways of ‘talking’ may pose obstacles to an effective public communication of expert knowledge.
Agonistic security: Transcending (de/re)constructive divides in critical security studies
Authors: Tulumello Simone
Published: September 2020

This article aims to contribute toward transcending the dichotomy between deconstruction and reconstruction in critical security studies. In the first part, I review dominant (Western/liberal) logics of security and the main strands of critical security studies to argue that there is a need to overcome the liberal framework of the balance between rights and freedom, with its inherent imbrication with the fantasy of absolute security; and, contra the ultimate conclusions of deconstructive critique, at the same time to take the desire for security seriously. By advocating in favor of embracing the tensions that surface at the intersection of these two conclusions, I then move to my reconstructive endeavor. I set out a meta-theory – that of agonistic security – that is both analytical and normative in nature and inspired by the political theory developed by Mouffe and Laclau. Building on the opposition between antagonism and agonism, I argue that security belongs to the ‘political’ and that it constitutes a field of struggle for politicization. I then argue for three conceptual shifts that concretely define agonistic security: (i) from an absolute/static to a relational/dynamic understanding of security; (ii) from universalism to pluralism at a world scale; and (iii) from the dominance of individual rights in Western/liberal thinking toward an understanding of security as a collective endeavor. In conclusion, I take a step back and discuss the implications of agonistic security for the role of critique in security studies.
Geographical Mapping and Pattern of Referral of Cases of Perinatal Asphyxia Referred to a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Prathik B. H. , R. Kishore Kumar , Benakappa Naveen , Niranjan H. S.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in neonates in developing countries. 1 The exact burden of asphyxia in not known in developing countries like India because of lack of robust data collection and monitoring. Most of the cases with moderate-to-severe asphyxia are referred to tertiary care centers for further management. Hence, this study was planned to know the burden of perinatal asphyxia from the place of referral.

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to map the cases of perinatal asphyxia referred to a tertiary care hospital from the place of referral and to know the burden of asphyxia after this from the places of referral to plan educational interventions accordingly.

Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care center over a period of 3 years. A total of 388 neonates referred with perinatal asphyxia were analyzed from January 2015 to December 2017. Baseline characteristics, demographic and geographical data, pattern of referral, mode of transport, clinical outcome, morbidity and mortality patterns were analyzed. For the purpose of ease of analysis, possible dissemination of data, and fulfilling the need for intervention, the whole of Bangalore district was divided into different zones as per Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BBMP). The data were further mapped on the state map and the BBMP map. The analysis was done by standard statistical methods.

Results: A total of 388 neonates were analyzed. Majority of cases were referred from Karnataka followed by Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. From our state most of them were from Bangalore Urban (43%) followed by Tumkur (14%), Bangalore Rural (11%), Chikkaballapur (10%), and Ramnagara (5.4%). In Bangalore, most of the asphyxia cases were from Bangalore South followed by Bangalore East and West. Males outnumbered females by nearly 30%. Nearly 80% of cases needed tactile stimulation and bag and mask ventilation.

Resuscitation was carried out by doctors (70%) in majority of cases followed by nurses. In spite of having good ambulance service in our state, self-arranged ambulance was used in nearly 60% of cases for transport. The proportion of self-arranged ambulance remained higher even when analysis was made on the basis of districts and zones. Nearly 80% were successfully discharged with mortality rate being 5%.

Conclusion: Geographical mapping showed that majority of the cases of perinatal asphyxia were from Bangalore South and East, and neighboring districts such as Tumkur, Bangalore Rural, and Chikkaballapur.

Targeted training of health care workers, especially nurses in neonatal resuscitation in the areas of high mortality/morbidity, might reduce the incidence of perinatal asphyxia from these areas much quicker than focusing on urban areas only.
Assessment of Physical Growth and Motor Development of Preterm Babies Based on Developmental Assessment Scale For Indian Infants (DASII)
Authors: Akshara E. S. , Gohiya Poorva , Shrivastav Jyotsna
Published: September 2020

Background: The rate of preterm births ranges from 5% to 18% across 184 countries. Almost 12% births are preterm in low-income countries compared with 9% in high-income countries. Almost 1 million children die each year due to complications of preterm birth. Of those who survive, suffer from face developmental disabilities and undernourishment.

Aims and Objectives: To assess the physical growth and its relation with the development of babies taken into study.

Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 159 preterm babies of gestational age 32 to 36 weeks. All the treatments given during hospitalization, course of stay, and special procedures done were recorded. Baby’s weight, length, and head circumference were again noted at the time of discharge. Anthropometric measurements were done at every follow-up visit. Neurodevelopmental screening was performed at each follow-up. At the end of 12 months the risk factors contributing to the delayed development were analyzed.

Results: 95.5% infants born as preterm had a length of more than 58 cm (– 3SD) and weight 5.6 kg at 1 year and 50% infants had a head circumference of more than 39 cm (– 3SD).

Conclusion: Preterm babies when followed-up for 1 year of age did attain appropriate weight and length of their corrected age. Microcephaly was observed in 30% of babies at 1 year of age, of which 15.7% were found with developmental delay.
Nurse-Led Neonatal Follow-Up Clinic: A New Emerging Concept in a Developing Country
Authors: Joshi Poonam , Sarojini Bindu , Joshi Meena , Thukral Anu
Published: September 2020

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and acceptance of nurse-led neonatal follow-up clinic (NLNFC) in a tertiary care facility.

Materials and Methods: In a prospective observational study, total 105 stable mother-neonate dyads were independently followed up in both nurse led and neonatologist run follow-up clinics. The outcome was measured in terms of agreement between the nurse and neonatologist in the domains of neonatal assessment, counselling mothers on essential newborn care (ENC) and giving advice ( P < 0.05) and mothers’ acceptability for NLNFC.

Results: Agreement between the trained neonatal nurse and neonatologist varied between 87 and 100%. The most unanimity was observed in neonatal assessment and counselling on ENC (93.3%-100%) followed by prescribing treatment (87%). The mean acceptability scores of the mothers for NLNFC was 33.13 ± 2.6 (25-35, maximum possible score 35).

Conclusion: Establishing NLNFCs in developing countries is feasible. Nurses can be entrusted with the responsibility of following up stable neonates here and mothers will surely be satisfied with this type of clinic.
Feeding of Low Birth Weight Neonates
Authors: Banait Nishanth , Basu Sriparna , Desai Prakash , Dutta Sourabh , Kumar Ashok , Kumar Jogender , Shenoi (Chairperson) Arvind , Suryawanshi Pradeep
Published: September 2020

Nutrition in this critical period is essential for immediate outcomes such as changes in anthropometry (weight, length, and head circumference) as well as adverse effects like necrotizing enterocolitis. Nutrition also affects long-term adverse outcomes such as developmental delay, diplegic cerebral palsy, and death during infancy and childhood. This review has looked for the effects of nutrition in these areas. Further long-term outcomes like risk of adult onset diseases like myocardial infarction and stroke may also be related to the nutrition of the LBW neonate but have not been included in this review.

The guideline has been developed using standard methods adapted by National Neonatology Forum in accordance with the process described in the World Health Organization handbook for guideline development. The detailed methods are described elsewhere in this compilation of guidelines. Table 1 summarizes the recommendations for practice questions prioritized by the guideline development group in consultation with a wider group of National Neonatology Forum members.

The recommendations made by this group are summarized in Table 1 .
Multiple jobholding in Europe: features and effects of primary job quality
Authors: Piasna Agnieszka , Pedaci Marcello , Czarzasty Jan
Published: September 2020

This article investigates the relationship between job quality features of the primary job and the propensity to engage in multiple paid activities. The analysis covers workers from 28 European countries using data from the EWCS (European Working Conditions Survey) 2010-2015. The results show that workers experiencing economic and job insecurity in their primary job are more likely to engage in additional paid employment. Multiple jobholders (MJHs) report higher work pressure and more unsocial hours in their main jobs, but also more control over and flexibility in working hours, more autonomy and a wider scope for exercising skills, the latter largely explained by compositional factors. Moreover, the evidence shows that experiences of work diverge among multiple jobholders, and they can be classified into six clusters based on the quality of their primary job. This points to a variety of motivations and factors that encourage multiple jobholding. Finally, we find a considerable cross-country variation in job quality among multiple jobholders, with worse outcomes in more segmented labour markets with a higher proportion of non-standard employment.
Tracking the Differentiation of Risk: The Impact of Subject Framing in CDC Communication Regarding COVID-19
Authors: Lambrecht Kathryn
Published: September 2020

Communicating risk amid moments of scientific ambiguity requires balance: Overdelivering certainty levels can cause undue alarm whereas underdelivering them can lead to increased public risk. Despite this complexity, risk assessment is an important decision-making tool. This article analyzes the circulation of the term “risk” in a corpus (74,804 words) of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention communications regarding COVID-19 from January 1 to April 30, 2020. Tracking collocations of the 147 instances of risk in this corpus reveals that experts initially framed risk away from individuals, complicating people’s differentiation between public and personal impacts. Recommendations are offered for how institutions can reframe subjectivity to promote vigilance during pandemics.
The WHO Health Alert: Communicating a Global Pandemic with WhatsApp
Authors: Walwema Josephine
Published: September 2020

Upon declaring COVID-19 a global pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) orchestrated a global risk-communication outreach. The WHO’s objective was to persuade the public to upend and alter their lives so as to contain the disease and minimize its spread and infection. The WHO found a simple and efficient medium to communicate glocally through the social media application WhatsApp, through which individuals could access information without gatekeeping by governments and local agencies.
Talon Cusp Associates With MMP2 in a Cohort of Individuals Born With Oral Clefts
Authors: Cavalcante Bianca G. N. , Lacerda Rosa Helena W. , Assis Ionária O. , Bezamat Mariana , Modesto Adriana , Vieira Alexandre R.
Published: September 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study was to use dental development as a tool to subphenotype oral clefts and investigate the association of MMP2 with dentin-pulp complex anomalies, in order to identify dental anomalies that are a part of a “cleft syndrome.”

Design:

Two hundred and ninety individuals born with cleft lip and palate were evaluated and several clinical features, such as cleft completeness or incompleteness, laterality, and presence of dental anomalies were used to assess each individual’s cleft status. We tested for overrepresentation of MMP2 single nucleotide polymorphism rs9923304 alleles depending on individuals having certain dental anomalies. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used in all comparisons (α = .05).

Results:

All individuals studied had at least one dental anomaly outside the cleft area. Significant differences between individuals born with clefts with and without talon cusp ( P = .04) were observed for the frequency of the MMP2 less common allele.

Conclusion:

All individuals born with cleft lip and palate had alterations of the dentition, and a quarter to half of the individuals had alterations of the internal anatomy of their teeth, which further indicates that dental anomalies can be considered as an extended phenotype for clefts. MMP2 was associated with talon cusp in individuals born with oral clefts.
Encouraging and Discouraging Factors in the Decision to Become an Israeli Leader in Religious Schools: Implications for Reforming Bureaucratic Mandates of the Ministry of Education
Authors: Shenhav Shmuel , Geffon Ayal , Salomon Laya , Glanz Jeffrey
Published: September 2020

This mixed methodology study explored the reasons that teachers in Israel are motivated to become school leaders, and the relative importance of the different discouraging factors that worked against such interest. A cross-national Israeli survey included 39 individual interviews, 2 focus groups of 25 teachers each, and a questionnaire completed by 149 teachers working in Jewish schools. Findings indicate a sense of mission and personal challenge motivated our sample. The most significant discouraging factor was the perceived inability to circumvent bureaucratic constraints imposed by the Ministry of Education. Implications and reform efforts for reducing bureaucratic constraints upon school leaders are discussed.
Meninges: A Widespread Niche of Neural Progenitors for the Brain
Authors: Decimo Ilaria , Dolci Sissi , Panuccio Gabriella , Riva Marco , Fumagalli Guido , Bifari Francesco
Published: September 2020

Emerging evidence highlights the several roles that meninges play in relevant brain functions as they are a protective membrane for the brain, produce and release several trophic factors important for neural cell migration and survival, control cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, and embrace numerous immune interactions affecting neural parenchymal functions. Furthermore, different groups have identified subsets of neural progenitors residing in the meninges during development and in the adulthood in different mammalian species, including humans. Interestingly, these immature neural cells are able to migrate from the meninges to the neural parenchyma and differentiate into functional cortical neurons or oligodendrocytes. Immature neural cells residing in the meninges promptly react to brain disease. Injury-induced expansion and migration of meningeal neural progenitors have been observed following experimental demyelination, traumatic spinal cord and brain injury, amygdala lesion, stroke, and progressive ataxia. In this review, we summarize data on the function of meninges as stem cell niche and on the presence of immature neural cells in the meninges, and discuss their roles in brain health and disease. Furthermore, we consider the potential exploitation of meningeal neural progenitors for the regenerative medicine to treat neurological disorders.
Real-world intensive safety monitoring of biosimilars rituximab and trastuzumab in a Portuguese oncology hospital
Authors: Mendes Diogo , Abrantes Joana , Rigueiro Graça , Pais Ana Filipa , Penedones Ana , Alves Carlos , Batel-Marques Francisco
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the safety profiles of two biosimilar medicines (rituximab and trastuzumab) in the treatment of cancer patients within a Portuguese oncology hospital.

Methods

This hospital-based prospective observational study followed a cohort event monitoring approach focused on signalling suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Patients undergoing treatment with rituximab biosimilar CT-P10 (Truxima®) or trastuzumab biosimilar CT-P6 (Herzuma®) were recruited over an 11-month and a 6-month period, respectively. Clinicians identified eligible patients and used paper-based forms to report all ADRs associated with biosimilar medicines. ADR case reports were assessed for seriousness, expectedness and causality in the Pharmacovigilance Unit of Coimbra.

Results

Ninety-four patients received biosimilar medicines (rituximab, n = 35; trastuzumab, n = 59). Of those, 4 patients (11.4%) experienced 16 ADRs with rituximab and 1 patient (1.7%) experienced 5 ADRs with trastuzumab. All case reports contained serious and expected ADRs that were at least probably related with biosimilar medicines under study. Based on the MedDRA PT coding, the most reported ADR for rituximab CT-P10 was chest discomfort (n = 4; 19.1%), followed by odynophagia (n = 2; 9.5%). Trastuzumab CT-P6 was associated with back pain, headache, pain in extremity, tachypnoea and tremor (each, n = 1; 4.8%).

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that using biosimilar rituximab and biosimilar trastuzumab to treat cancer patients in the real-world clinical setting is associated with acceptable safety profiles. No new safety problems were identified.
Comparison of Virtual Reality Visualizations With Traditional Visualizations in Hotel Settings
Authors: Slevitch Lisa , Chandrasekera Tilanka , Sealy Meghan Drew
Published: September 2020

The objective of the current study was to investigate how virtual reality (VR) visualizations compare with traditional visualizations such as two-dimensional (2D) photos as a marketing tool for hotel websites. The specific research question was “How do VR visualizations compare with 2D photos in terms of (1) affective responses, (2) attitudinal/behavioral responses, and (3) cognitive load—that is, task efforts and experiences associated with technology?” A quasi-experimental study was conducted over two time periods with independent sample pools. A boutique hotel lobby and a guest room were captured in 2D and VR formats. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two types of visualizations. The sample comprised 84 university undergraduate students from the South-Central United States. Nonparametric tests were used to test the proposed hypotheses. There was a statistically significant difference between two visual conditions for several variables—that is, pleasure, satisfaction, word of mouth, and so on. However, those differences were not always consistent between the two time periods. Overall findings suggest that the use of VR visualizations as a promotional tool might not be more effective than traditional photos. Limitations of the study include using students as a proxy for the general population of travelers, small sample size, self-reported measures, and narrow conditional scope. Those limitations should be addressed in future studies.