bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrast normalisation masks natural expression-related differences and artificially enhances the perceived salience of fear expressions.
Authors: Webb Abigail
Published: April 2020

Fearful facial expressions tend to be more salient than other expressions. This threat bias is to some extent driven by simple low-level image properties, rather than the high-level emotion interpretation of stimuli. It might be expected therefore that different expressions will, on average, have different physical contrasts. However, studies tend to normalise stimuli for contrast, potentially removing a naturally-occurring difference in salience. We assessed whether images of faces differ in both physical and apparent contrast across expressions. We measured physical contrast and the Fourier amplitude spectra of 5 emotional expressions prior to contrast normalisation. We also measured expression-related differences in perceived contrast. Fear expressions have a steeper Fourier amplitude slope compared to neutral and angry expressions, and consistently significantly lower contrast compared to other faces. This effect is more pronounced at higher spatial frequencies. With the exception of stimuli containing only low spatial frequencies, fear expressions appeared higher in contrast than a physically matched reference. These findings suggest that contrast normalisation artificially boosts the perceived salience of fear expressions; an effect that may account for perceptual biases observed for spatially filtered fear expressions.
A Human-Centric Functional Modeling Framework for Defining and Comparing Models of Consciousness and Cognition
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: April 2020

Borrowing techniques from complex systems and software engineering, this paper defines a Functional Modeling Framework to provide a simple common mechanism for representing models of consciousness or cognition that is independent of assumptions made by any specific model. All models of consciousness or cognition should of course fit into the complete set of functions of what consciousness, or cognition can do. Through attempting to represent all such functions (both computable and non-computable), this framework attempts to gain the capacity to represent all models of consciousness or cognition, even where the implementation mechanisms of those functions are unknown. Enabling different models of consciousness or cognition to be more easily compared is intended to enable research on consciousness and cognition to more reliably converge on a single understanding, even across massively collaborative research projects spanning multiple disciplines. Furthermore, if biological functionality can be considered as dynamically stable where it is persistent, then in aiming to provide a common approach for representing and comparing the functionalities of consciousness or cognition as dynamically stable systems, this framework provides a set of features through which it may be possible to see commonality between the functional components of a wide range of other dynamically stable biological or non-biological systems. If such commonality does exist, and if, as proposed, that commonality reflects deeper underlying physical and mathematical principles, then representing any researcher’s model of consciousness or cognition within this framework might help reveal applications of that researcher’s model across a wide range of other domains of study.
A Compact Design of Transparent Microstrip Antenna For Wireless Car-to-Car Communication System
Authors: Rahayu Yusnita , D.A Raja , B. P Yoga
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a compact design of transparent rectangular microstrip antenna with a slotted ground plane has been designed and evaluated to support Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The proposed antenna consists of a single element using transparent conductive film AgHT-4 layered on a plain glass substrate, fed by a single 50 Ω SMA port. The antenna is working on 5.9 GHz based on IEEE 802.11p for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) Standard. The design concept is to have arc shape slot out of the ground plane of a microstrip patch antenna to enable wideband frequency. The proposed antenna provides ultra wide impedance bandwidth around 750 MHz (5.48-6.23 GHz) at a center frequency of 5.9 GHz. The proposed transparent antenna has a directivity gain of 6.266 dBi.
Orbital Compression Syndrome in a Child with Sickle Cell Anaemia: A Case Report And Review of Literature
Authors: Panda Prateek Kumar
Published: April 2020

Vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease commonly involve bone marrow of the long bones and vertebrae. Involvement of bones with less marrow space, including the bones of the orbit, is reported rarely in the literature. The present case is a six year old boy, a known case of sickle cell disease, who presented with acute onset right upper and lower eyelid swelling, restriction of extraocular movement and pain. USG orbit showed a retro-orbital haemorrhage compressing on the orbit, probably due to orbital bone infarction. The child was managed successfully with red blood cell transfusion and intravenous antibiotics, without steroids and surgical intervention. This report highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion in patients with known sickle cell disease presenting with pain, orbital swelling and restriction of ocular movement. Timely red blood cell transfusion only may be sufficient for uneventful recovery, without steroids or surgical intervention. Expedient diagnosis of orbital compression syndrome in children with sickle cell disease is crucial because this is a potentially sight-threatening entity.
The Development and Validation of Questionnaire on Autism Spectrum Disorders and its Association With Plastic-Based Food Contact Materials
Authors: Nor Zaleha Md , Isa Zaleha Md , Yusof Siti Norbayah , Ghazi Hasanain Faisal , Jaafar Mohd. Hasni
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Autism is a neuropsychiatric disorder. Multiple factors have been identified as causes of autism spectrum disorder. Many studies indicated genetic as the main risk factor, but environmental risk factors are also seen as contributing factors. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can occur as early as in the mother’s womb. The main concern of EDCs in food packaging are Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates. The objectives of this study are to develop and validate a questionnaire for the assessment of habitual usage of plastic- based food contact materials (FCM) as a proxy for exposure to this group of EDCs.

Material and Methods: The questionnaire developed by organising a focus group discussion among experts. An interview-guided pilot study was then done to 250 respondents for construct validation process. In the validation process, test-retest study for reliability, Cronbach alpha for internal consistency, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were done.

Results: The questionnaire achieved kappa value ranged between 0.800 to 0.900 for knowledge, 0.610 to 0.815 for perception and 0.607 to 1.000 for self-care product section. Cronbach alpha value ranged between 0.600 to 0.780.

Conclusions: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis approved the final model for phase one consisting of four domains with total of 13 items and final model for phase two consists of three domains with total of nine items.
Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis: An Unusual Cause of “Aches and Pains”
Authors: Jamal Ahmad , John Biju , Awariwar Mahesh , Dalal Shamsher , Singh Daljit
Published: April 2020

Children are often brought to the paediatric out-patient department with non specific aches and pains. Though the majority of them have only a benign diagnosis, some may harbour rare conditions like chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Case: We describe a 11 year old girl who presented with migratory pain across various parts of hip and lower limbs without any significant signs. After six months of OPD visits, she was diagnosed to have CRMO following an incidental X-ray which led to a musculoskeletal MRI. Conclusion: CRMO is a rare auto-inflammatory disorder which must be kept in mind when encountering a relatively healthy child with poorly defined limb pains along with paucity of signs.
Evaluation of the Prescription Pattern of Antimicrobial Agents in Hospitalised Paediatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Khadka Anjan , Rayamajhi Heleena , Shrestha Shova
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Infectious diseases are one of the most frequent reasons for hospital admission for children and antimicrobials are commonly used to treat them. There is higher prevalence of irrational prescriptions of antimicrobials in such population. This study was conducted to survey the pattern of antimicrobial prescription in Paediatric inpatient.
Material and Methods: This was retrospective, descriptive, observational study. The data was collected from prescription records. The paediatric population included in the study was categorised into three age groups. A total of 87 prescriptions were studied and the information was recorded in performa. Data were recorded in MS Excel and Graph Pad Prism version 6 was used for analysis.
Results: The number of male child was outnumbered by female child. The average age of the patient on antimicrobial prescription was 5.34 ± 2.18 years. The mean duration of hospital stay was 6.17 ± 2.01 days. The common indications for antimicrobial prescriptions were upper respiratory tract infections, diarrhoeal illness, urinary tract infections, enteric fever, etc. The antimicrobials prescription rate was 1.33. Oral route was found to be commonly used than parenteral route. The generic prescription rate was 33.6%. The most common drug prescribed was ceftriaxone followed by amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and amikacin. The 62.5% of antimicrobials were prescribed from National Essential List of Medicines.
Conclusion: This study highlights the prescription pattern of antimicrobial agents in hospitalised Paediatric population in a tertiary care hospital.
ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ВИБОРУ ДОПОМІЖНИХ РЕЧОВИН У СКЛАДІ ЛІКАРСЬКОГО КОСМЕТИЧНОГО ЗАСОБУ ПРОТИ АКНЕ З ЕФІРНОЮ ОЛІЄЮ ЧЕБРЕЦЮ
Authors: Лисянська Г. П.  , Ал Зедан Фаді
Published: April 2020

Acne (acne vulgaris) is a long-term skin disease involving the hair follicles and oil glands. Nowadays the phytomedicines are preferable for acne treatment. The aim of this work is choosing of excipients for antiacne cosmetics with thyme oil. Thyme oil concentration was 0,25% for all compositions. Carbopol 940, Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Hydroxyethylcellulose and PEG were chosen as the bases for gels with thyme oil. All formulations were examined by uniformity and pH tests. Franz diffusion dells were used for investigation of thyme oil releasing by the equilibrium dialysis method. It was established that Carbopol 940 had the highest value of thyme oil releasing from the gel composition.
Expression of additional transcription factors is of prognostic value for aggressive behavior of pituitary adenomas
Authors: Micko Alexander , Rötzer Thomas , Hoftberger Romana , Vila Greisa , Oberndorfer Johannes , Frischer Josa M. , Knosp Engelbert , Wolfsberger Stefan
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

According to the latest WHO classification of tumors of endocrine organs in 2017, plurihormonal adenomas are subclassified by their transcription factor (TF) expression. In the group of plurihormonal adenomas with unusual immunohistochemical combinations (PAWUC), the authors identified a large fraction of adenomas expressing TFs for gonadotroph adenoma (TFGA) cells in addition to other TFs. The aim of this study was to compare clinicopathological parameters of PAWUC with TFGA expression to gonadotroph adenomas that only express TFGA.

METHODS

This retrospective single-center series comprises 73 patients with TFGA-positive pituitary adenomas (SF1, GATA3, estrogen receptor α): 22 PAWUC with TFGA (TFGA-plus group) and 51 with TFGA expression only (TFGA-only group). Patient characteristics, outcome parameters, rate of invasiveness (assessed by direct endoscopic inspection), and MIB1 and MGMT status were compared between groups.

RESULTS

Patients in the TFGA-plus group were significantly younger than patients in the TFGA-only group (age 46 vs 56 years, respectively; p = 0.007). In the TFGA-only group, pituitary adenomas were significantly larger (diameter 25 vs 18.3 mm, p = 0.002). Intraoperatively, signs of invasiveness were significantly more common in the TFGA-plus group than in the TFGA-only group (50% vs 16%, p = 0.002). Gross-total resection was significantly lower in the nonfunctioning TFGA-plus group than in the TFGA-only group (44% vs 86%, p = 0.004). MIB1 and MGMT status showed no significant difference between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

These data suggest a more aggressive behavior of TFGA-positive adenomas if an additional TF is expressed within the tumor cells. Shorter radiographic surveillance and earlier consideration for retreatment should be recommended in these adenoma types.
A novel effective paradigm of intraoperative electrical stimulation mapping in children
Authors: Jahodová Alena , Beňová Barbora , Kudr Martin , Ježdík Petr , Janča Radek , Bělohlávková Anežka , Liby Petr , Leško Róbert , Tichý Michal , Čelakovský Pavel , Kršek Pavel
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

Resective epilepsy surgery is an established treatment method for children with focal intractable epilepsy, but the use of this method introduces the risk of postsurgical motor deficits. Electrical stimulation mapping (ESM), used to define motor areas and pathways, frequently fails in children. The authors developed and tested a novel ESM protocol in children of all age categories.

METHODS

The ESM protocol utilizes high-frequency electric cortical stimulation combined with continuous intraoperative motor-evoked potential (MEP) monitoring. The relationships between stimulation current intensity and selected presurgical and surgery-associated variables were analyzed in 66 children (aged 7 months to 18 years) undergoing 70 resective epilepsy surgeries in proximity to the motor cortex or corticospinal tracts.

RESULTS

ESM elicited MEP responses in all children. Stimulation current intensity was associated with patient age at surgery and date of surgery (F value = 6.81, p < 0.001). Increase in stimulation current intensity predicted postsurgical motor deficits (F value = 44.5, p < 0.001) without effects on patient postsurgical seizure freedom (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed ESM paradigm developed in our center represents a reliable method for preventing and predicting postsurgical motor deficits in all age groups of children. This novel ESM protocol may increase the safety and possibly also the completeness of epilepsy surgery. It could be adopted in pediatric epilepsy surgery centers.
Endoscopic treatment of combined metopic-sagittal craniosynostosis
Authors: Zubovic Ema , Skolnick Gary B. , Naidoo Sybill D. , Bellanger Mark , Smyth Matthew D. , Patel Kamlesh B.
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

Combined metopic-sagittal craniosynostosis is traditionally treated with open cranial vault remodeling and fronto-orbital advancement, sometimes in multiple operations. Endoscopic treatment of this multisuture synostosis presents a complex challenge for the surgeon and orthotist.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively analyzed the preoperative and 1-year postoperative CT scans of 3 patients with combined metopic-sagittal synostosis, all of whom were treated with simultaneous endoscope-assisted craniectomy of the metopic and sagittal sutures followed by helmet therapy. Established anthropometric measurements were applied to assess pre- and postoperative morphology, including cranial index and interfrontal divergence angle (IFDA). Patients’ measurements were compared to those obtained in 18 normal controls.

RESULTS

Two boys and one girl underwent endoscope-assisted craniectomy at a mean age of 81 days. The mean preoperative cranial index was 0.70 (vs control mean of 0.82, p = 0.009), corrected postoperatively to a mean of 0.82 (vs control mean of 0.80, p = 0.606). The mean preoperative IFDA was 110.4° (vs control mean of 152.6°, p = 0.017), corrected postoperatively to a mean of 139.1° (vs control mean of 140.3°, p = 0.348). The mean blood loss was 100 mL and the mean length of stay was 1.7 days. No patient underwent reoperation. The mean clinical follow-up was 3.4 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Endoscope-assisted craniectomy with helmet therapy is a viable single-stage treatment option for combined metopic-sagittal synostosis, providing correction of the stigmata of trigonoscaphocephaly, with normalization of the cranial index and IFDA.
A Brief Propensity Index for Conduct Disorder (BPI-CD): Development, Validity and Reliability
Authors: Oguntayo Rotimi , Olaseni Abayomi Oladele , Kehinde Miracle O , Osinowo Helen. O. , Isaac Yakubu Isaa
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTConduct Disorder (CD) can pose serious concerns to parents, home and the society, meanwhile assessing this construct in clinical practice has been based on western concepts which limited the cultural factors implicated in CD. This study presents a reliable and valid screening tools for conduct disorder among juveniles and general population respectively. Existing scales that assessed deviant behavior or CD were reviewed. A qualitative study was conducted using juveniles and college students between the age 10 to 19; this is to determine salient constructs related to CD. Themes were generated, and those related to specific predictors of CD were used to generate a 17-item of Brief Propensity Index for Conduct Disorder (BPI-CD). A cross-sectional survey was then conducted among 125 juveniles and college students to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. The participants were purposively selected. Construct validity using exploratory factor analysis was factored and Varimax rotated the scale into six components (KMO = .685, df=171, p<.001). Convergent validity results showed a significant relationship between BPI-CD and Youth Deviant Behavior Variety Scale (r=.338, p<.01), while discriminant validity results revealed a non-significant relationship between (BPI-CD) and Social Skills Scale (r=.101, p>.05), thus showing a strong validity. The reliability dimensions and subscales have meritorious reliability (Aggression to People/Animals, α =.76, Serious Violation of rule and destruction of property, α =.73; Deceitfulness and theft, α =.68). The overall Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.86. BPI-CD is therefore recommended as reliable and valid screening tool for conduct disorder tendency.
Implementation of Halal Products on Moeslem Traveler’s Awareness
Authors: Pebrianti Asri , Utama Muhammad Bilgary , Oktriviani Terry
Published: April 2020

This research illustrates how the risk scheme of consuming non-halal products for health is not onlyaboutdisadvantageto consumer health but also their economics in the the future. Halal product consumption for mankind has a good reason in terms of health and economic aspects that will be generated. This writing aims to examine the behaviormoeslemtraveler in consuming halal products, the behavior in the review is the awareness and consistency in consuming the halal products.The arguments are delivered with descriptive qualitative method. Data collecting method used literature studies from Islamic rule literature, previous research findings, and related text books. Studies of related literature that became mainreference is the halal and haram restrictions in Islam (the basic principle of consuming that has been established halal and prohibited by Allah Azza wa Jalla (absolute). Some of products allowed to be consumed and exploited until there is a special ban, as well as prohibited because obviously the ugliness of the substance and prohibited because it deals with the violation of God's right to Azza wa Jalla as it is obtained from an incorrect path), the ethics of consumption in the Islamic perspective (consuming as allowed and advocated by Al-Quran, Al-hadith and As-Sunnah). Important findingsof previous studies that have proven the negative effects of consuming non-halal products in health and financial terms. The results of this study indicate that there are benefits to get when consuming halal products, ranging from long-term health and financially in the future.Moeslem traveler could be guided with the compact information to obey halal-haram rules.
Compound Words: Implementation in English Language Teaching
Authors: Yudha Pratama Muhammad Gilar
Published: April 2020

Teaching English in Indonesia is implemented through the teaching of EFL (English as a foreign language). Teaching and learning English as a second language poses a challenge for both teachers and students. Problems that arise such as lack of student motivation, changing curriculum, monotonous learning, lack of teacher creativity, and lack of linguistic knowledge in teaching become a separate issue. This article describes the role linguistic morphology plays in teaching and learning English in the classroom. It particularly describes the challenge of combining simple compound words with morphological forms created by the teacher. This teaching design will be applied to 7th grade junior high school students. This simple design will introduce how to combine noun and adjective using the daily context familiar to the students. The researcher expects to see the challenges the teachers will face during the application of the design in the classroom and how they create ways to deal with the challenges.
Drama Excerpt: Tool in Enhancing Speaking Ability for Junior High School
Authors: Hidayat Otan , Apriyanto Sigit
Published: April 2020

The study aims to analyze drama excerpts as a tool in teaching speaking for Junior High School at the University of Saint Anthony. It also aims to determine the following: 1. Speaking ability, of the students before exposure on drama excerpt 2. The speaking ability after exposure on drama excerpt 3. The observed improvement among students along with body language, eye contact, introduction and closure, pacing, poise, and voice. 4. Develop Oral communication guide for effective speaking material based on the findings of the study. A descriptive survey is used as a method of this study. The study population consisted of 10 students from 7th-grade students at Saint Anthony University in the Philippines. Based from the findings of the study, found that the respondents were able to perform the conversation in the drama excerpt (because English is the medium of instruction in the Philippines, the result is higher, due to the interventions of a treatment given by the subject teacher on the correct and proper way of delivery and dialogue on drama excerpt, and there is a significant improvement observed to the students after the exposure to drama excerpt.
Experimentation with Realistic Mathematic Education Learning Approach to Problem Solving Skills on Social Arithmetic Material From Learning Style
Authors: Irawan M Ade , Subki Subki , Kurniawati Kiki Riska Ayu
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this research is to know the difference in problem-solving skills in social arithmetic material is reviewed from the learning style and which learning style has the best problem solving ability. The type of research used is the QUASI experiment. This study was conducted at MTS Putri NW Narmada 2018/2019 school year. The population in this study is all students of MTS Putri NW Narmada. Sampling techniques using Cluster Random Sampling, the sample used is Class VII F. Data collected with tests and tested with ANAVA one way. The results of the study stated that: Students with auditory, visual, and kinaesthetic learning styles have different mathematical problem solving skills. To further need a further test post Anava with Scheffe method. From the average comparison test results The average between the row and the column obtained the conclusion as follows: (1) in a double-comparison test between students with visual and auditory learning style of Ho received. Because Ho is accepted, students who have a visual and auditory learning style have the same problem solving skills. 2 In the double comparison test between students with auditory and kinaesthetic learning style is accepted by Ho. Since Ho is accepted, students with kinaesthetic and auditory learning styles have the same problem solving skills. 3 In the double comparison test between students with visual and kinaesthetic learning Styles Ho was rejected. Because Ho is rejected, there is a difference in problem solving skills between students with kinaesthetic learning style with students of visual learning style.
Response of salinity intrusion to the hydrodynamic conditions and river mouth morphological changes induced by the 2011 tsunami
Authors: Tinh Nguyen Xuan , Wang Jin , Tanaka Hitoshi , Ito Kinuko
Published: April 2020

The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and tsunami were one of the most devastating natural disasters in history. It caused significant ground subsidence and erosion along the Japan coastline. The Natori river mouth which is a habitat for both fishes and bivalves, as an important fishing ground, has been damaged by the tsunami because of the change of the process of salt transport in an estuarine system. In general, salinity intrusion into the river mouth can be affected by many factors such as river water discharge and tidal level, as well as estuarine morphology. In this study, the response of salinity intrusion to the river mouth morphological changes induced by the 2011 Tsunami is investigated. The topographical changes caused by the tsunami are mainly divided into two stages. The first is the direct action of the tsunami, which caused the severe scouring of the coast and the widening of the river. The results have clearly indicated that after tsunami the salt water can intrude much further upstream compare to the condition before the tsunami event. Another changes occurred during the restoration process after the tsunami. The sediment accumulation in the river channel prevented the salt water from entering the river channel, which reduced the salt intrusion degree. However, the effect of the morphology change caused directly by the tsunami is far greater than the sedimentation of the river.

Keywords:

salinity intrusion; river morphology; tsunami impact; numerical simulation; EFDC model.
CHANGE OF PHOSPHORUM AND EXCHANGE SODIUM CONDITIONS OF CHESTNESS SOILS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GRAZING
Authors: Nasiyev B. N. , Manolov I. G. , Bekkaliyev A. K.
Published: April 2020

In order to prevent adverse anthropogenic effects on pastures in modern agricultural agriculture, an adaptive strategy for further increasing food production and agricultural raw materials must be based on the principles of environmental management, which includes a number of activities, the most important of which are seasonality of pasture release taking into account the state of vegetation cover and its yield; determination of optimal livestock load per unit area. The research aim is agrochemical assessment of grazing land cover depending on grazing technology. As a result of the carried out studies, the negative influence of intensive grazing of farm animals on the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and exchanged sodium chestnut types of pasture soils of West Kazakhstan region was found. As a result of excessive grazing, the content of moving phosphorus of chestnut soils decreased, the content of exchange sodium increased as part of exchange bases and non-salt soils became a medium degree of salt content. The results of the studies confirmed the existence of a statistical pattern of reduction of mobile phosphorus content and increase of exchange sodium content as grazing intensity increases across all soil types.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODICAL MECHANISM OF INTERNAL AUDIT OF SETTLEMENTS IN CORPORATE SYSTEMS
Authors: Petrov A. M. , Sembiyeva L. M.
Published: April 2020

Internal audit is an important management function that covers accounting, financial analysis, and control, compares and evaluates the entity’s actual result achieved and its goals and objectives. Internal audit regularly monitors activities of all control targets, identifies the reasons for deviations from standards, fluctuations from the objectives set for a particular target, to promptly remedy any identified violations. Most of the standards on external audits can be applied to internal audits, for example, those relating to audit planning, the concept of audit risk, assessing the impact of internal control on the reliability of financial statements and others. A distinctive feature of an internal audit standard is that it contributes to the effective management of a company or a group of companies. This paper describes the methods for the internal audit of settlements in the corporate system.
The above method will allow verifying the compatibility of analytical and synthetic accounting data, as well as the correlation between indicators reported in different financial reporting forms, at the initial stage and in accordance with the objectives set for any control item of internal audit. Their incompatibility can be indicative of inaccuracies in the reported data. Therefore, if necessary, a 100% check of statements should be conducted by breaking down summary indicators into individual ones. Moreover, the proposed model, made in the form of a chess table, allows to accelerate internal audit, determine the main methods and procedures for its implementation, establish a group of people directly or indirectly related to the identified inconsistencies, and determine the amount of material damage inflicted on entities or individuals.
The materiality of errors should be quantitively and qualitatively assessed. For the quantitative assessment, the auditor should compare the errors found and the degree of materiality established at the planning stage. For the qualitative assessment, the auditor should rely on his/her own practical experience and knowledge.
When analyzing the errors discovered by the audit, it is necessary to determine the degree of their influence on the reliability of the accounting (financial) statements.
The list of audited documents, identified errors, and violations, as well as the auditor’s opinion based on the findings made during the audit, should be recorded in the working documents.
Based on the goals, the work done to collect evidence, the matrixes filled out in the table and their analysis, the internal auditor can make a preliminary summary of the results of the internal audit and determine the matters that should be reported in his/her opinion. By applying this method for internal audit of settlements in corporate systems, the degree of compliance with the accounting standards and reporting rules can be determined. The advantage of this technique is that the number of control items is not limited.
Optimal PM arc ratio determination and vector-control of vernier machine with consequent pole rotor
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhang Qiuju
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this paper is to optimize the PM arc ratio of consequent pole permanent magnet vernier machine (CP_PMVM). The operation principle of the CP_PMVM is discussed. An optimization parameter K 𝛼 related to the PM arc ratio is derived. For the CP_PMVM, the amplitudes of the 4th and 14th order harmonics of the air-gap flux density, the amplitude of the back electromotive force (back-EMF) and the average torque all have positive correlations with K 𝛼. The optimal PM arc ratio is 0.64. The three phase inductances are approximately constants, and the d-axis inductance is equal to the q-axis inductance. The PM flux linkages are sinusoidal. The no-load back-EMF waveform of the measured phase is nearly sinusoidal. The gear ratio of the CP_PMVM evaluated from the back-EMF is close to the design value. Furthermore, a controller according to the mathematical model is designed. The CP_PMVM vector control with a sliding-mode (SM) speed controller exhibits a smooth starting, and has an anti-jamming capability.
Coupled electromagnetic and thermal analysis of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machines with printed circuit board winding
Authors: Gao Peng , Zhao Xiaoxiao , Gu Yuxi , Wang Xiaoyuan
Published: April 2020

Axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machines (AFPMSMs) with printed circuit board (PCB) windings take on different electromagnetic and thermal performance characteristics when compared to the traditional radial flux permanent magnet synchronous machines (RFPMSMs). This paper presents the electromagnetic and thermal analysis of an AFPMSM. Taking a prototype AFPMSM with PCB winding as an example, the finite element method (FEM) and the electromagnetic thermal coupling method are used to conduct an analysis on this machine. The analysis results show that AFPMSMs can work under higher winding current density, and the main reasons of which are discussed in detail. Furthermore, its electromagnetic and thermal characteristics at rated state, different current densities and speeds are studied, respectively. Finally, the validity of the simulation model is verified by prototype experiment, which provides a reference for the thermal research of AFPMSM with PCB winding.
Optimization driven cellular automata for traffic flow prediction at signalized intersections
Authors: You Shuang , Zhou Yaping
Published: April 2020

The traffic flow prediction using cellular automata (CA) is a trendy research domain that identified the potential of CA in modelling the traffic flow. CA is a technique, which utilizes the basic units for describing the overall behaviour of complicated systems. The CA model poses a benefit for defining the characteristics of traffic flow. This paper proposes a modified CA model to reveal the prediction of traffic flows at the signalised intersection. Based on the CA model, the traffic density and the average speed are computed for studying the characteristics and spatial evolution of traffic flow in signalised intersection. Moreover, a CA model with a self-organizing traffic signal system is devised by proposing a new optimization model for controlling the traffic rules. The Sunflower Cat Optimization (SCO) algorithm is employed for efficiently predicting traffic. The SCO is designed by integrating the Sunflower optimization algorithm (SFO) and Cat swarm optimization (CSO) algorithm. Also, the fitness function is devised, which helps to guide the control rules evaluated by traffic simulation using the CA model. Thus, the cellular automaton is optimized using the SCO algorithm for predicting the traffic flows. The proposed Sunflower Cat Optimization-based cellular automata (SCO-CA) outperformed other methods with minimal travel time, distance, average traffic density, and maximal average speed.
Discapacidad y accesibilidad:
Authors: Millán Vázquez de la Torre Genoveva , Santos Pita Manuela Del Pilar
Published: April 2020

En nuestro país y en la actualidad se está trabajando laboriosamente en la búsqueda de la plena integración y la eliminación de cualquier tipo de discriminación, desarrollándose pues un prolífico trabajo en la elaboración de normas en los últimos años, especialmente el pasado 2007. Pero para llegar a entender la situación actual, es preciso hacer alusión a la evolución normativa en esta materia. Las políticas que el Estado español dirige a la búsqueda de la plena integración de las personas con discapacidad, se mueven en muy diferentes campos –salud, educación, formación, accesibilidad, empleo, dependencia…- dada la interdisciplinariedad de las materias que se pueden verse afectadas. Como quiera que el presente trabajo no puede abordar todas las actuaciones, se analiza un aspecto de gran importancia, la accesibilidad, su concepto y el papel de las diferentes administraciones.
"Bases for Territorial Based Rural Development in Vietnam. Northern Mountainous Area"
Authors: Rueda Dotor Julio
Published: April 2020

Reseña de la obra de: CHI TIEN, Tran, ANH TAI, Do y SNEESBY, Patricia (2007) Bases for Territorial Based Rural Development in Vietnam. Northern Mountainous Area, Hanoi, Agricultural Publishing House, 252 pp.
"Introducción a la economía internacional"
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo
Published: April 2020

Reseña de la obra de: BERUMEN, Sergio A. (2006) Introducción a la economía internacional, Madrid, ESIC, 410 pp.
"Nuevos instrumentos de la cooperación española: lecciones de la experiencia mozambiqueña"
Authors: Romero Rodríguez, S.I. José Juan
Published: April 2020

Reseña de la obra de: PITA, Juan Ignacio (coordinador), BOTELLA, Carlos, DE LA CORTE, Pilar y FERREIRA, Sandra (2006) Nuevos instrumentos de la cooperación española: lecciones de la experiencia mozambiqueña, Madrid, Centro de Estudios para América Latina y la Cooperación Internacional (CeALCI) – Fundación Carolina (Documento de Trabajo, nº 2), 166 págs.
"El análisis de la economía española"
Authors: Amador Hidalgo Luis
Published: April 2020

Recensión de la obra de: SERVICIO DE ESTUDIOS DEL BANCO DE ESPAÑA (2005) El análisis de la economía española. Madrid, Alianza, 638 pp.
La pequeña empresa ante la crisis:
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: April 2020

El editorial adopta un enfoque microeconómico pues es necesario conocer cómo afecta especialmente la situación económica actual a un agente como la pequeña empresa. La Revista de Fomento Social quiere hacer una aportación centrada en el mundo empresarial y en los posibles mecanismos globales para solucionar las crisis de las pequeñas empresas, ciertamente uno de los agentes económicos más afectados por la misma. En un primer momento, se aborda el universo de la “nueva” pequeña empresa en España, intentando precisar su realidad, en su diversidad jurídica y organizativa. En un segundo momento, el editorial se detiene en el impacto de la crisis en las pequeñas empresas. Las administraciones públicas pueden hacer mucho ante la crisis de las empresas, aunque no son ellas los únicos agentes capaces de respuesta; también las pequeñas empresas tienen compromisos que adoptar. En un tercer apartado, se hacen algunas propuestas para afrontar el momento presente, caracterizado por el alto nivel de vulnerabilidad. Este editorial introduce algunas reflexiones más allá de los problemas inmediatos y urgentes. En la conclusión del editorial se subraya que la pequeña empresa está entre los agentes de más elevada vulnerabilidad; por eso ha de ser apoyada por todos los agentes sociales, para que siga cumpliendo su función social y económica: la generación de riqueza y el sustento de los emprendedores y de los trabajadores, así como de todas sus familias. Es necesario que las pequeñas empresas como agentes económicos más débiles encuentren apoyo para favorecer la iniciativa y para asumir riesgos de inversión. Estos apoyos deben diseñarse y ejecutarse desde un cierto “compromiso” de las propias pequeñas empresas. Esto permitirá reforzar su papel como agente “socialmente responsable” en una situación económica especialmente difícil, creando empleo estable, transformando la realidad a nivel local y, en definitiva, creando riqueza y consolidando de esta forma el grado de confianza que la sociedad deposita en ella. La crisis suscita una cuestión importante a medio y largo plazo, sobre todo en España: el agotamiento de un modelo de crecimiento basado en sectores intensivos en mano de obra y poco intensivos en las nuevas tecnologías. Esta crisis puede ser una auténtica oportunidad renovadora para las pequeñas empresas.
"Globalización, derechos humanos y pueblos indígenas"
Authors: Sánchez Manuel
Published: April 2020

Reseña de la obra de: BELLO M., Álvaro y AYLWIN O., José, compiladores (2008) Globalización, derechos humanos y pueblos indígenas, Temuco (Chile), Observatorio de Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas/IWGIA, 469 pp.
Carta del Papa Benedicto XVI al presidente del gobierno italiano, ante el G8 de los jefes de Estado y de Gobierno
Authors: Papa Benedicto XVI
Published: April 2020

El presente Documento reproduce la carta del Papa Benedicto XVI al presidente del gobierno italiano, ante el G8 de los jefes de Estado y de Gobiern. Firmada el 1 de julio de 2009
"Retos ante la crisis. Iberoamérica 2020"
Authors: Romero Rodríguez, S.I. José Juan
Published: April 2020

Reseña de la obra de: GONZÁLEZ, Felipe (ed.) (2009), Retos ante la crisis. Iberoamérica 2020, Madrid, Siglo XXI y Fundación Carolina, 407pp.
"El futuro de la Universidad. Un tema para debate dentro y fuera de las universidades"
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo
Published: April 2020

Reseña de la obra de: PULIDO SAN ROMÁN, Antonio (2009) El futuro de la Universidad. Un tema para debate dentro y fuera de las universidades. Madrid, Delta Publicaciones, 298 pp.
Primera encíclica social de Benedicto XVI: claves de comprensión
Authors: Camacho Laraña Ildefonso
Published: April 2020

El objeto de este artículo no es una presentación completa de la encíclica Caritas in veritate2. El formar parte de un dossier de la Revista de Fomento Social que dedica otros artículos al documento pontiﬁcio obliga a limitar el alcance y contenido de estas páginas. Su ﬁnalidad es ofrecer el marco en que la encíclica apareció y las claves más signiﬁcativas para su interpretación. Quizás la cuestión del marco es más objetiva; identiﬁcar las claves, en cambio, puede conllevar una carga subjetiva mayor: pero este intento, que procuraremos realizar desde un esfuerzo por ir al texto y leerlo desde él mismo, esperamos sea una ayuda para la lectura de un documento cuya compresión no resulta fácil para el lector medio.
Empresa y sociedad:
Authors: Araque Padilla1 Rafael , Araque Padilla1 Rafael
Published: April 2020

En el mes de julio de 2009 se publicó la primera encíclica social del Papa Benedicto XVI: Caritas in Veritate. Con este motivo, el habitual texto editorial de la Revista Fomento Social ha sido sustituido en este número por un grupo de reflexiones de carácter interdisciplinar realizadas por algunos de los miembros de su consejo de redacción. Así, éstos han abordado los temas en los que habitualmente trabajan, pero “reinterpretándolos” a la luz de la lectura del texto papal. Enumeramos a continuación estas aportaciones individuales, cuyos títulos resumen claramente la temática a la que se refieren: “Primera encíclica social de Benedicto XVI: claves de comprensión” (Ildefonso Camacho Laraña); “Sistema económico, modelos de empresa y cultura empresarial” (Juan Ignacio Font Galán); “Una concepción  y  de las relaciones económicas: la ” (Julio Jiménez Escobar y Alfonso Carlos Morales Gutiérrez); “Empresa y sociedad: el enfoque de la responsabilidad social de la empresa” (Rafael Araque Padilla); “Las finanzas y la crisis económica financiera” (Mª del Carmen López Martín y Adolfo Rodero Franganillo); “Ecología y problemas medioambientales. Orientaciones para la praxis desde otro marco cultural” (Juan Antonio Senent de Frutos); “Desarrollo y cooperación” (José Juan Romero Rodríguez) y “Fraternidad, camino para la familia humana” (José Mª Margenat Peralta).
Las ﬁnanzas y la crisis económica y ﬁnanciera
Authors: López Martín María del Carmen , Rodero Franganillo Adolfo
Published: April 2020

En el mes de julio de 2009 se publicó la primera encíclica social del Papa Benedicto XVI: Caritas in Veritate. Con este motivo, el habitual texto editorial de la Revista Fomento Social ha sido sustituido en este número por un grupo de reflexiones de carácter interdisciplinar realizadas por algunos de los miembros de su consejo de redacción. Así, éstos han abordado los temas en los que habitualmente trabajan, pero “reinterpretándolos” a la luz de la lectura del texto papal. Enumeramos a continuación estas aportaciones individuales, cuyos títulos resumen claramente la temática a la que se refieren: “Primera encíclica social de Benedicto XVI: claves de comprensión” (Ildefonso Camacho Laraña); “Sistema económico, modelos de empresa y cultura empresarial” (Juan Ignacio Font Galán); “Una concepción  y  de las relaciones económicas: la ” (Julio Jiménez Escobar y Alfonso Carlos Morales Gutiérrez); “Empresa y sociedad: el enfoque de la responsabilidad social de la empresa” (Rafael Araque Padilla); “Las finanzas y la crisis económica financiera” (Mª del Carmen López Martín y Adolfo Rodero Franganillo); “Ecología y problemas medioambientales. Orientaciones para la praxis desde otro marco cultural” (Juan Antonio Senent de Frutos); “Desarrollo y cooperación” (José Juan Romero Rodríguez) y “Fraternidad, camino para la familia humana” (José Mª Margenat Peralta).
新时代高职院校思想政治教育与创新创业教育融合提升探究
Authors: 凡 冬泽 , 李 小霞
Published: April 2020

习近平总书记在全国教育大会上的讲话指出，要把立德树人融入教育各环节，贯穿于教育各领域，高校应努力构建德智体美劳全面培养的教育体系。李克强总理提出，要增强教育服务创新发展能力。高校培养大学生的品德修养和创新能力十分重要。本文以思想政治教育与创新创业教育的融合提升为切入点，以作者所在学校为例，浅谈两者融合的问题及途径。
高校基层学生党支部主题党日活动质量提升路径研究---以上海海洋大学经管学院为例
Authors: 董 韩博 , 张 登沥
Published: April 2020

高校基层学生党支部主题党日活动是加强高校党建工作和学生党员管理的重要载体，是实现党的路线、政策、方针和高校基层实际工作有机结合的重要途径之一。高校基层学生党支部主题党日活动需坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，秉持创新性、系统性、原则性的基本原则，以主题党日活动制度化、特色化、常态化为把手，着力提升高校基层学生党支部主题党日活动质量。
线上线下混合的新形态课堂教学研究---以《capp软件应用》课程为例
Authors: 祝 勇仁
Published: April 2020

在教育信息化时代背景下，为提高高职学生的职业素养能力，将线上线下混合的新形态课堂引入教学，积极探索将传统、单一的课堂改变为具有多元特征的新形态课堂。本文以CAPP软件应用课程为例，对线上线下的教学现状进行了分析，以超星学习通平台为依托进行新形态课堂的教学模式改革研究，对如何利用学习通平台进行新形态教学做了分析。通过线下的知识传授与线上的技术技能训练高度融合，切实提高高职课堂教学质量。
新时代高校思想政治教育视域下高校大学生道德教育研究
Authors: 郭 丽彦
Published: April 2020

为了早日实现中华民族的伟大复兴和完成中国特色社会主义的总目标,高校教育工作者要对新时代主力军的大学生队伍的思想政治教育提出更高的要求。本文结合新时代思想政治教育的特征，以大学生道德教育创新问题为研究对象，从大学生道德教育的现状与问题，新媒体环境下道德教育创新的必要性等方面进行了分析探讨。
Behavioral problems in children with asthma and their association – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ramu Somasekhar Ankanalli , Dakappa Ahish , Suresh Mithil Gowda , Mohamed Safia , Anitha D S , Akarsh S , Vidyasagar Dharmapuri
Published: April 2020

Background: Asthma is a chronic illness involving the airways in the lungs and children are more susceptible. A strong link between asthma and psychiatric illnesses has been established. Hence, psychological factors govern its management. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the self-esteem and behavior of asthmatic children. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics of a Tertiary Hospital of South India. Asthmatic children between 6 and 16 years of age, diagnosed as mild to moderate, visiting the asthma clinic were included in the study. The respondents could either answer the questionnaire or point out their choices or indicate them verbally. Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory (CFSEI) by Battle (1981) was used for the study. Child Behavior Checklist by Achenback and Ederirock (1983) is designed to record in a standardized format the behavioral problems and social competencies of children, as reported by parents/guardians. Results: A total of 70 children were enrolled in the study. There were 30 children each in the case and control group, with regular follow-ups to the clinic. The majority of the children belonged to the age group of 10–13 years (63.3%) in the case and 10–14 years (63.03%) in the control group. Among the cases, about 50% had at least 3 wheezing episodes. Among the number of inpatient admissions, 14 were admitted once, four were admitted twice, and one child had three admissions. The school absenteeism in case varied from 1 to 6 weeks per academic year. Mean self-esteem scales for boys were 10.36 in case and 13.05 in control (p<0.05) and the results were statistically significant. Parental self-esteem showed significant differences between the two groups. Mean self-esteem scales for girls were 2.273 in general self-esteem and 0.132 in social self-esteem. These results had a highly significant correlation. Conclusion: Asthmatic children were found to have low self-esteem and those with chronic diseases had both higher depression score and low self-esteem. The treating physicians should identify the associated psychological issues in asthmatic cases and address them as needed.